bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RELATO DE CASO: SÍNDROME DA SULFONA EM PACIENTE COM HANSENÍASE
Authors: Gonçalves Tatiane Silva , Pereira Ellen Cristina Gonçalves , Sales Netto Pedro Ribeiro de , Freire Rafaela Alen Costa , Mendes Seyna Ueno Rabelo
Published: May 2021

Relata-se o caso de uma mulher portadora de hanseníase que estava em tratamento com PQT-MB/OMS e apresentou 4 semanas após o início do tratamento, febre, mal-estar, fraqueza, icterícia, edema e erupções cutâneas em pés e mãos, hepatite, prurido, disfagia, anemia hemolítica, linfonodo submandibular, além de náuseas, vômitos e dor epigástrica. Os exames laboratoriais demonstraram diminuição da hemoglobina, leucocitose, eosinofilia, aumento das transaminases hepáticas, hiperbilirrubinemia indireta, hipoalbuminemia, DHL e TAP elevados. Estabeleceu-se diagnóstico de Síndrome da Dapsona, sendo o tratamento da hanseníase suspenso e a paciente orientada a retornar o tratamento após alta hospitalar, com substituição da dapsona.

Palavras-chave: Hanseníase; Dapsona, Síndrome da Sulfona.

ABSTRACT

We report the case of a woman with leprosy who was treated with MDT-MB/ WHO and presented 4 weeks after the start of treatment, fever, malaise, weakness, jaundice, edema and rashes in feet and hands, hepatitis, pruritus, dysphagia, haemolytic anemia, submandibular lymph node, as well as nausea, vomiting and epigastric pain. Laboratory tests showed decreased hemoglobin, leukocytosis, eosinophilia, increased hepatic transaminases, indirect hyperbilirubinemia, hypoalbuminemia, DHL and elevated TAP. A diagnosis of Dapsone Syndrome was established, treatment of leprosy was suspended and the patient was advised to return treatment after hospital discharge, with replacement of dapsone.

Keywords: Leprosy; Dapsone; Sulfone Syndrome.
TRATAMENTO DE GIGANTOMASTIA
Authors: Oliveira Raul Melo , Pacheco Jéssica Neto Ferreira , Nascimento Julliany Mirelly Sousa , Gomes Days Batista , Carvalho Arthur Alves Borges de
Published: May 2021

Considerada uma afecção não rara, a gigantomastia é diagnosticada quando há um aumento importante no volume das mamas, sem causa aparente, gerando limitações físicas e de relacionamento social. Na clinica observa-se mastalgia, cervicalgia, dorsalgia, ulcerações na pele e perda da sensibilidade mamária por acometimento crônico de alguns nervos intercostais. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar a abordagem terapêutica utilizada em paciente de 29 anos, casada, com história de eritema e crescimento bilateral das mamas diagnosticada com gigantomastia. A mamoplastia redutora foi realizada como tratamento primário, entretanto houve recorrência e aplicação subcutânea de acetato de gosserrelina. Como o crescimento das mamas persistiu, foi indicada mastectomia subcutânea e inclusão de próteses. Contudo o crescimento mamário cessou somente após administração oral de acetato de noretisterona.
ABDOME AGUDO OBSTRUTIVO POR DIVERTÍCULO DE MECKEL EM ADULTO
Authors: Oliveira Stéphanie Gonçalves , Machado Bárbara Chaves Lopes , Cuellar Pedro Manuel Gonzalez Cuella , Dias Fellipe Camargo Ferreira , Guedes Virgílio Ribeiro
Published: May 2021

O Divertículo de Meckel é a anomalia congênita mais encontrada no intestino delgado. A alteração é causada pela obliteração incompleta do ducto onfalomesentérico. Geralmente a doença diverticular é assintomática e a probabilidade de manifestar sintomas, como obstrução intestinal, diminui com a idade.  Embora à maioria permaneça em silêncio, é importante sempre considerar o divertículo de Meckel como um diagnóstico diferencial em todos os pacientes que apresentem abdome agudo para evitar morbidade e mortalidade associada a complicações tardias.  

Palavras-chave: divertículo de Meckel; obstrução intestinal; abdome agudo obstrutivo.

ABSTRACT

The Meckel Diverticulum is the most common congenital anomaly found in the small intestine. The change is caused by incomplete obliteration of the omphalomesenteric duct. Diverticular disease is usually asymptomatic and the likelihood of manifesting symptoms, such as bowel obstruction, decreases with age. Although most remain silent, it is important to always consider Meckel's diverticulum as a differential diagnosis in all patients with acute abdomen to avoid morbidity and mortality associated with late complications. The following report is about a rare case of obstructive acute abdome in adult patients caused by the presence of a meckel diverticulo.

Keywords: meckel diverticulum; intestinal obstruction; obstructive acute abdomen.
EFIKASI SUHU PROSES PRODUKSI ASAP CAIR DAN KONSENTRASI ASAP CAIR DARI KAYU LABAN (VITEX PUBESCENS) TERHADAP JAMUR OPHIOSTOMA PILIFERUM
Authors: Oramahi Hasan , Diba Farah , Nurhaida Nurhaida , Wahdina Wahdina , Setyawati Dina , Dirhamsyah Muhammad
Published: May 2021

Efficacy wood vinegar produced from wood laban (Vitex pubescens) against Ophiostoma piliferum fungus was evaluated. The objectives of this research to perform in vitro antifungal of wood vinegar from laban wood against O. piliferum. The source of lignocelluloses biomass was carbonization process used three temperature i.e. 350, 400 and 450 °C.  Efficacy of wood vinegar to the fungus carried on PDA (potato dextrose agar) in a Petri dish that has been mixed with the wood vinegar with a concentration of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 % (v/v). Antifungal test was a factorial 3 by 5 in a completely randomized design. The means were seperated using using Tukey’s test at p = 0.05. All data were analyzed using the SAS softwere (version 8.2, SAS Institute Inc., NC. USA). The test results showed that the pyrolysis suhue effect and concentration of wood vinegar on the inhibition of fungal growth. The higher pyrolysis temperature and concentration the inhibition of fungal growth was increased.Efikasi asap cair dari kayu laban (Vitex pubescens)terhadap Ophiostoma piliferum telah dilakukan.Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kemampuan asap cair sebagai antijamur (O. piliferum) secara in vitro. Asap cair yang digunakan diperoleh dengan cara pirolisis pada suhu produksi asap cair dan konsentrasi asap cair yang berbeda. Efikasi asap cair terhadap jamur dilakukan pada media PDA (potato dextrose agar) dalam cawan Petri dengan campuran asap cair pada konsentrasi 0, 0,5, 1,5, dan 2,0 (v/v).Pengujian aktivitas antijamur dilakukan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap tipe faktorial.Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan sidik ragam.Pengaruh  antarperlakuan dilakukan uji BNJ pada taraf nyata 5%. Analisis data menggunakan SAS versi 9.13. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa suhu pirolisis produksi asap cair dan konsentrasi asap cair berpengaruh terhadap daya penghambatan pertumbuhan jamur. Makin tinggi suhu pirolisis produksi asap cair dan konsentrasinya dan makin tinggi daya penghambatan terhadap pertumbuhan jamur, O. piliferum.
PENINGKATAN VIABILITAS DAN VIGOR UMBI BAWANG MERAH (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group) DENGAN TEKNIK BIOMATRICONDITIONING
Authors: Darsan Stefany , Ulyasniati Ulyasniati , Kogoya Lepinus
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan mendapatkan teknologi biomatriconditioning yang paling efektif meningkatkan viabilitas dan vigor umbi bawang merah. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam ini penelitian adalah Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) faktor tungggal. Perlakuan berupa Tanpa perlakuan, MOL + serbuk arang sekam (Biomatriconditioning) dan MOL + serbuk bata merah (Biomatriconditioning), direndam MOL (Biopriming), disemprot MOL dan di celup MOL. Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 4 kali sehingga diperoleh 24 unit percobaan. Pengamatan yang dilakukan meliputi: daya berkecmbah (DB), potensi tumbuh maksimum (PTM), kecepatan tumbuh relatif (KCT-R), bobot segar dan bobot kering tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknik Biomatriconditioning dapat meningkatkan viabilitas dan vigor tanaman bawang merah. Biomatriconditioning yang terbaik dalam meningkatkan daya berkecambah, kecepatan tumbuh, potensi tumbuh, tinggi tanaman, bobot segar tanaman dan bobot kering tanaman adalah teknologi Biomatriconditioning yang diintegrasikan dengan serbuk arang sekam.
EFEKTIVITAS PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR PAITAN, BABANDOTAN DAN ECENG GONDOK PADA TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH
Authors: Selpiya Ayu , Setyowati Nanik , Fahrurrozi Fahrurrozi , Setyowati Nanik
Published: May 2021

Keunggulan Pupuk Organik Cair (POC) dibandingkan pupuk sintetik adalah memiliki efek residu yang lebih kecil bagi lingkungan. Disamping itu, selain kontribusinya dalam menyediakan unsur hara, POC dapat dibuat dari berbagai sumber bahan organik. Gulma atau tanaman pengganggu yang keberadaannya tidak diinginkan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber POC. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kosentrasi dan jenis POC terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bawang merah. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Bengkulu. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola faktorial yang terdiri atas dua faktor perlakuan dan diulang tiga kali. Faktor pertama adalah Jenis POC, yaitu POC yang berasal dari gulma paitan (Tithonia diversifolia), babandotan (Ageratum conyzoides) dan eceng gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) sedangkan faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi POC terdiri atas 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% dan 100%. Variabel yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun per rumpun, tingkat kehijauan daun, bobot brangkasan kering bagian atas, jumlah umbi per tanaman, dan bobot segar umbi per tanaman. POC berbahan dasar gulma paitan, gulma babandotan, dan eceng gondok memiliki dampak yang sama terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bawang merah. Oleh karena itu, ketiga gulma tersebut memiliki potensi sebagai POC untuk diaplikasikan pada tanaman bawang merah.Kata kunci: babandotan, bawang merah, eceng gondok, gulma paitan, POC.
PEMANFAATAN PUPUK ORGANIK DAN INOKULAN BAKTERI PELARUT FOSFAT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN SERAPAN P, PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN KEDELAI (Glycine max L.)
Authors: Setyawan Fajar , Santoso Muhammad Hadi
Published: May 2021

Pupuk organik dan ketersediaan hara berperan penting dalam menunjang pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman. Kandungan pupuk organik dan ketersediaan P yang rendah merupakan faktor pembatas utama untuk budidaya tanaman kedelai pada tanah masam. Penelitian untuk mengkaji aplikasi pupuk organik dan bakteri pelarut fosfat (BPF) untuk meningkatan serapan P, pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kedelai. Dilakukan dari September – Desember 2019 di Laboratorium Lapang Terpadu Universitas Islam Kadiri. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) faktorial dan diulangan 3 kali. Faktor pertama adalah pupuk organik yang terdiri dari (Pupuk kandang ayam, Pupuk kandang sapi dan Pupuk hijau paitan, masing-masing dengan dosis 10 ton/ha) dan Perlakuan Kedua adalah inokulan BFF yang terdiri dari 4 konsentrasi (0, 3, 6, 9 ml/l). Parameter yang diamati: laju tumbuh, jumlah polong per tanaman, indeks panen (IP) dan bobot kering biji. Interaksi antara pemberian pupuk organik dengan inokulasi BPF mempengaruhi laju tumbuh, serapan P dan hasil tanaman kedelai. Aplikasi 10 t/ha pupuk kandang sapi dan BPF dengan konsentrasi 6 ml/l mampu meningkatkan laju tumbuh sebesar 2,6% dan serapan P 0,08% dibandingkan dengan tanpa inokulasi BPF. Aplikasi 10 t/ha pupuk kandang sapi dan BPF dengan konsentrasi 6 ml/l mampu menghasilkan 2,7 t/ha biji kedelai.Kata kunci: bakteri pelarut fosfat, pupuk organik, tanaman kedelai
PERKECAMBAHAN DAN PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT DARI BENIH POLIEMBRIO JERUK SIAM BANJAR PADA MEDIA TANAH GAMBUT YANG DIAPLIKASIKAN BEBERAPA AMELIORAN
Authors: Rahmadini Delvy Diena , Aziza Noor Laili , Saputra Riza Adrianoor
Published: May 2021

Penyeleksian indukan guna mendapatkan batang atas jeruk siam banjar yang berkualitas di tanah gambut dapat dilakukan dengan cara penanaman benih yang memiliki sifat poliembrio. Tanah gambut memiliki beberapa kekurangan, sehingga media tanam ini diaplikasikan dengan beberapa jenis amelioran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan bibit dari benih jeruk siam banjar yang bersifat poliembrio pada media tanah gambut yang diaplikasi beberapa amelioran. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Bulan Juli sampai Bulan Agustus 2019, di Kebun Percobaan dan Laboratorium Produksi Agroekoteknologi Faperta Universitas Lambung Mangkurat dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) nonfaktorial. Perlakuan yang digunakan yaitu jenis amelioran berupa abu janjang kelapa sawit (p1), abu sekam padi (p2), dan abu sabut kelapa (p3) yang dicampurkan pada media tanah gambut dengan perbandingan amelioran dan tanah gambut sebesar 1 : 14,69. Perlakuan diulang sebanyak enam kali dan setiap ulangan terdiri dari 10 unit, sehingga diperoleh 180 satuan percobaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu tanah gambut yang diaplikasikan amelioran abu janjang kelapa sawit dan amelioran abu sekam padi mampu digunakan untuk mendukung perkecambahan benih jeruk siam banjar dengan persentase perkecambahan benih masing-masing sebesar 78% dan 73%, serta persentase poliembrio masing-masing sebesar 64,2% dan 46,9%, sedangkan tanah gambut yang diaplikasikan amelioran abu sabut kelapa tidakmampu mendukung perkecambahan benih jeruk siam banjar. Begitupula dengan pertumbuhan bibit dari benih poliembrio, tanah gambut yang diaplikasikan amelioran abu janjang kelapa sawit dan amelioran abu sekam padi mampu digunakan untuk mendukung pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman jeruk siam banjar masing-masing setinggi 4,19 cm dan 3,90 cm, serta jumlah daun sebanyak 3 helai daun pada kedua perlakuan, sedangkan tanah gambut yang diaplikasikan amelioran abu sabut kelapa tidak mampu mendukung pertumbuhan jumlah daun tanaman jeruk siam banjar.Kata Kunci: amelioran, jeruk siam banjar, poliembrio
ATRIBUT PRIORITAS UNTUK PERBAIKAN MUTU PRODUK KOKTAIL CARICA CV XYZ BERDASARKAN TINGKAT KEPUASAN DAN KEPENTINGAN KONSUMEN
Authors: Mela Ervina , Prihananto Vincentius , Raharjaningtyas Arista Savira
Published: May 2021

CV XYZ merupakan salah satu UMKM di Kabupaten Wonosobo yang mengolah buah carica menjadi koktail. Semakin ketatnya persaingan produk sejenis, perusahaan berusaha untuk terus meningkatkan mutu produknya dengan cara memperbaiki atribut produk yang masih lemah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi atribut prioritas untuk perbaikan mutu koktail carica CV XYZ berdasarkan kepuasan dan kepentingan konsumen. Atribut mutu produk dikelompokkan berdasarkan dua parameter yaitu buah carica, dan sirup koktail. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada 100 responden secara purposive sampling. Data dianalisis menggunakan Importance Performance Analysis. Atribut prioritas untuk perbaikan mutu produk adalah banyaknya sirup dan aftertaste. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perbaikan dalam peningkatan mutu koktail carica berupa penambahan sirup dan pengujian sensoris aftertaste sirup dengan melibatkan panelis ahli.Kata kunci: koktail carica, tingkat kepuasan, tingkat kepentingan
Pengaruh Aktivitas Bersepeda Terhadap Peningkatan Volume Oksigen Maksimal (Vo2Max) Pada Komunitas Sepeda "PIT Merasi"
Authors: Nurfauzi Yoga , Syampurma Hilmainur
Published: May 2021

Masalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu rendahnya tingkat daya tahan jantung paru anggota komunitas sepeda Pit Merasi, yang disebabkan belum adanya latihan yang terprogram secara rutin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan memaparkan pengaruh aktivitas bersepeda terhadap peningkatan VO2Max pada komunitas sepeda Pit Merasi Kabupaten Musi Rawas, Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Metode eksperimen semu dengan teknik penarikan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan total sampling yang berjumlah 20 orang. Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini berupa program latihan bersepeda selama 16 kali pertemuan dengan frekuensi 4 kali seminggu dan menggunakan MFT (Multistage Fitness Test) untuk mengetahui tingkat VO2Max pada komunitas sepeda Pit Merasi. Hasil MFT (Multistage Fitness Test) sebelum diberikan perlakuan menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata sebesar 29.71, nilai standar deviasi sebesar 4.63 dengan nilai terendah sebesar 22.10 dan nilai tertinggi sebesar 36.40. Sedangkan Hasil MFT (Multistage Fitness Test) setelah diberikan perlakuan menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata sebesar 33.59, nilai standar deviasi sebesar 5.06 dengan nilai terendah sebesar 24.30 dan nilai tertinggi sebesar 40.20, Hasil Uji Independent sample t-test didapatkan : Nilai thitung(11.68) > ttabel(1.729) pada taraf signifikansi = 0,05. Maka Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak. Berdasarkan hasil uji diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa aktivitas bersepeda meningkatkan VO2Max secara signifikan pada anggota komunitas sepeda Pit Merasi
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Direct Instruction Terhadap Hasil Belajar Teknik Dasar Guling Depan Senam Lantai
Authors: Mabrur Mabrur , Setiawan Anang , Mubarok Mochamad Zakky
Published: May 2021

Model pembelajaran menjadi aspek penting dalam mendukung keberhasilan proses dan hasil belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran penjas di sekolah, khususnya pada mata pelajajaran senam lantai di tingkat sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran direct instruction terhadap hasil belajar teknik dasar guling depan senam lantai secara ilmiah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan desain one group pretest postest. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan tes unjuk kerja. Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan paired sample t-test. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa kelas VI UPTD SDN 4 Krangkeng Kecamatan Krangkeng Kabupaten Indramayu Tahun Ajaran 2019/2020. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik total sampling maka didapat 35 siswa sebagai sampel penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa rata-rata hasil senam lantai guling depan yaitu untuk pretest sebesar 26,9 dan posttest 34,8. Berdasarkan hasil penelitan dapat disimpulkan bahwa tes guling depan senam lantai berada dalam kategori baik 25,71%, kategori cukup 45,72% dan kategori kurang 28,57%. Dengan demikian hasil tes pada siswa berada dalam kategori cukup. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini yaitu perlu diperhatikan tingkat keterampilan motorik siswa dan membandingkan penggunaan model pembelajaran lain yang lebih sesuai
Acceptability, Appropriateness, and Feasibility of Automated Screening Approaches and Family Communication Methods for Identification of Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Stakeholder Engagement Results from the IMPACT-FH study
Authors: Jones Laney K , Walters Nicole , Brangan Andrew , Ahmed Catherine D , Gatusky Michael , Campbell-Salome Gemme , Ladd Ilene G , Sheldon Amanda , Gidding Samuel S , McGowan Mary P , Rahm Alanna K , Sturm Amy C
Published: May 2021

Guided by the Conceptual Model of Implementation Research, we explored the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of: 1) automated screening approaches utilizing existing health data to identify those who require subsequent diagnostic evaluation for familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and 2) family communication methods including chatbots and direct contact to communicate information about inherited risk for FH. Focus groups were conducted with 22 individuals with FH (2 groups) and 20 clinicians (3 groups). These were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using deductive (coded to implementation outcomes) and inductive (themes based on focus group discussions) methods. All stakeholders described these initiatives as: 1) acceptable and appropriate to identify individuals with FH and communicate risk with at-risk relatives; and 2) feasible to implement in current practice. Stakeholders cited current initiatives, outside of FH (e.g., pneumonia protocols, colon cancer and breast cancer screenings), that gave them confidence for successful implementation. Stakeholders described perceived obstacles, such as nonfamiliarity with FH, that could hinder implementation and potential solutions to improve systematic uptake of these initiatives. Automated health data screening, chatbots, and direct contact approaches may be useful for patients and clinicians to improve FH diagnosis and cascade screening.
Comparative Analysis of Cytokine mRNA Expressions in Human Tissues with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
Authors: Park Sung-Bae , Park Heechul , Choi Yoon-Sung , Park Ji Young , Lee Dongsup , Kim Jungho , Chang Hee-Kyung , Kim Sunghyun
Published: May 2021

In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether an automated molecular diagnostic method based on PCR-reverse blot hybridization assay can discriminate between human Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-positive and -negative FFPE tissues and to compare the relative mRNA expression levels of various host immune markers between MTB-infected and uninfected human tissues using quantitative reverse transcription (qRT) PCR. A total of 52 human FFPE tissue samples from various regions of the body, including the lungs, lymph nodes, tendons, colon, and appendix, were collected and used for the molecular identification of Mycobacterium species and analysis of cytokine mRNA expression. As a result, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IP-10, CXCL9, CXCL11, and GM-CSF mRNA expression levels in MTB-infected tissues were significantly higher than those in uninfected samples. Additionally, the differences in the mRNA expression levels of IFN-γ, CXCL9, and GM-CSF between MTB-infected and uninfected tissues were statistically significant were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Correlation curve analysis indicated that the mRNA expression of IFN-γ was inversely proportional to that of IP-10 and that the mRNA expression levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, CXCL9, CXCL11, GM-CSF, and TNFR were proportional and well-correlated. Furthermore, to establish marker profiles for detecting MTB infection, the statistically significant expression levels of three markers were combined. We confirmed that the combined profile of IFN-γ, CXCL9, and GM-CSF expression levels was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Although the mRNA expression patterns of host immune markers may vary according to MTB infection status, these patterns may be highly correlated and can be simultaneously used as an additional indicator for diagnosing TB.
De-Coding the Contributions of the Viral RNAs to Alphaviral Pathogenesis
Authors: LaPointe Autumn T. , Sokoloski Kevin J.
Published: May 2021

Alphaviruses are positive-sense RNA arboviruses that are capable of causing severe disease in otherwise healthy individuals. There are many aspects of viral infection that determine pathogenesis and major efforts regarding the identification and characterization of virulence determinants have largely focused on the roles of the nonstructural and structural proteins. Nonetheless, the viral RNAs of the alphaviruses themselves play important roles in regard to virulence and pathogenesis. In particular, many sequences and secondary structures within the viral RNAs play an important part in the development of disease and may be considered important determinants of virulence. In this review article, we summarize the known RNA-based virulence traits and host:RNA interactions that influence alphaviral pathogenesis for each of the viral RNA species produced during infection. Overall, the viral RNAs produced during infection are important contributors to alphaviral pathogenesis and more research is needed to fully understand how each RNA species impacts the host response to infection as well as the development of disease.
Experimental Dental Composites Containing a Novel Methacrylate-Functionalized Calcium Phosphate Component: Evaluation of Bioactivity and Physical Properties
Authors: SKARIA SUNNY , BERK KENNETH J
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study was to synthesize and characterize a novel Methacrylate- functionalized Calcium Phosphate (MCP) used as a bioactive compound for innovative dental composites. The characterization was accomplished by Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction Analysis (XRDA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and EnergyDispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The incorporation of MCP as a bioactive filler in esthetic dental composite formulations and the ability of MCP containing dental composites to promote precipitation of hydroxyapatite (HAp) on the surfaces of those dental composites was explored. The translucency parameter, depth of cure, degree of conversion, ion release profile, and other physical properties of composites were studied with respect to the amount of MCP added to the composites. Composites containing 3 Wt.%, 6 Wt.%, and 20 Wt.% MCP were evaluated at 7, 14, and 21 days. The progress of surface precipitation of hydroxyapatite on MCP-containing dental composites was studied by systematically increasing the MCP content in the composite and the time of specimen storage in Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered solution with calcium and magnesium. It was found that there was a direct correlation between the percentage of MCP in a composite formulation, the amount of time the specimen was stored in PBS, and the deposition of hydroxyapatite on the composite’s surface
Feedback, Crosstalk and Competition: Ingredients for Emergent Non-Linear Behaviours in the PI3K/mTOR Signalling Network
Authors: Ghomlaghi Milad , Hart Anthony , Shin Sungyoung , Nguyen Lan K
Published: May 2021

The PI3K/mTOR signalling pathway plays a central role in the governing of cell growth, survival and metabolism. As such, it must integrate and decode information from both external and internal sources to guide efficient decision-making by the cell. To facilitate this, the pathway have evolved an intricate web of complex regulatory mechanisms and elaborate crosstalk with neighbouring signalling pathways, making it a highly non-linear system. Here, we describe the mechanistic biological details that underpin these regulatory mechanisms, covering a multitude of negative and positive feedback loops, feed-forward loops, competing protein interactions, and crosstalk with major signalling pathways. Further, we highlight the non-linear and dynamic network behaviours that arise from these regulations, uncovered through both computational and experimental studies. Given the pivotal role of the PI3K/mTOR network in cellular homeostasis and its frequent dysregulation in pathologies including cancer and diabetes, a coherent and systems-level understanding of the complex regulation and consequential dynamic signalling behaviours within this network is imperative for advancing biology and development of new therapeutic approaches.
Physicochemical Properties and Biological Activity of Active Films Based on Corn Peptide Incorporated Carboxymethyl Chitosan
Authors: Wang Liyan , Lei Liang , Wan Kang , Fu Yuan , Hu He Wen
Published: May 2021

Active films based on carboxymethyl chitosan incorporated corn peptide were developed. Physicochemical properties of the films, including thickness, opacity, moisture content, color, mechanical properties, water vapor permeability, and oil resistance, were measured. Biological activities of the films, including the antioxidant and antibacterial activities, were characterized in terms of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity, reducing power, the total antioxidant activity, and the filter disc inhibition zone method. The results indicated that the incorporation of corn peptide caused interactions between carboxymethyl chitosan and corn peptide in Maillard reaction and gave rise to the films light yellow appearance. Compared with the Control, the degree of glycosylation, browning intensity, thickness, opacity, tensile strength, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial activity of films were increased, but the elongation, vapor permeability, and oil resistance of films were decreased. The films based on corn peptide and carboxymethyl chitosan can potentially be applied to food packaging.
Gut Microbiome and Cellular Senescence in the Context of Aging and Disease: An Emerging Frontier
Authors: Sharma Rohit
Published: May 2021

The significance of diversity, composition, and functional attributes of the gut microbiota is recognized in human health and disease. Studies have also shown that the gut microbiota is related to human aging, and a causal relationship between gut microflora dysbiosis and chronic age-related disorders is also becoming apparent. Further, emerging evidence indicates that age-associated changes in the gut microbiome are predictors of human survival and longevity. Recent advances in our understanding of the cellular and molecular aspects of biological aging have revealed a cellular senescence-centric view of the aging process. However, the association between gut microbiome and cellular senescence is only beginning to be understood. The present review provides an integrative view of the emerging relationship between the gut microbiome and cellular senescence in aging and disease. Evidence relating to microbiome-mediated modulation of senescent cells, as well as senescent cells-mediated changes in intestinal homeostasis have been discussed. Unanswered questions and future research directions have also been deliberated to truly ascertain the relationship of the gut microbiome and cellular senescence for developing microbiome-based age-delaying and longevity promoting therapies.
At the Brink of Nuclear War: Feasibility of Retaliation and the U.S. Policy Decisions During the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis
Authors: KİM Yang Gyu , MARTÍN Félix E.
Published: May 2021

Recent studies in nuclear deterrence show that nuclear punishment is infeasible in most cases due to the opponent’s second-strike capability, tactical redundancy, and the logic of self-deterrence. However, if the challenge against nuclear deterrence is expected to go unpunished, the deterrent policy is not credible and will likely fail. Can the defender violently punish the challenger possessing nuclear weapons? If it can, under what conditions? Thanks to President Kennedy’s tape recordings, the Cuban Missile Crisis provides researchers an exceptional laboratory for testing various theories on the defender’s policy choices after deterrence failure. This article derives a research hypothesis and its competing counterpart and examines their respective explanatory power via a process-tracing analysis of key members within the Executive Committee during the crisis. The study finds that the challenger’s feasibility of retaliating with atomic weapons is a crucial predictor for the defender’s policy choices.
Desigualdades de género en la utilización de servicios sanitarios, España 2006-2017
Authors: Sánchez-Recio Raquel , Alonso Pérez de Ágreda Juan Pablo , Gasch-Gallén Ángel , Aguilar Palacio Isabel
Published: May 2021

Objetivo. Identificar la existencia de desigualdades de género en utilización de atención primaria (AP), urgencias y consulta de enfermería. Material y métodos. Estudio transversal, con encuestas nacionales y europeas de salud (2006-2017) de población española de 16 o más años (n=98 929 personas). Se estudió la evolución en el tiempo y la influencia de los determinantes de género mediante regresiones logísticas en la utilización de servicios sanitarios. Resultados. La utilización de los tres servicios asistenciales fue mayor en mujeres. Personas pensionistas, aquellas dedi­cadas a labores del hogar, con estudios bajos y clase social manual, tuvieron mayor riesgo de utilización de AP. Urgencias: a mayor edad menor riesgo de utilización. Enfermería: aque­llas dedicadas a las labores del hogar tenían mayor riesgo de utilización. Conclusiones. Son necesarios estudios que analicen las desigualdades de género en contextos como la utilización de servicios sanitarios, así como nuevas estrategias de gestión para conseguir la equidad asistencial.
Revisión rápida: probabilidad de contagio por infecciones respiratorias agudas en el transporte público colectivo
Authors: López Olmedo Nancy , Stern Dalia , Pérez Ferrer Carolina , González Morales Romina , Canto Osorio Francisco , Barrientos Gutiérrez Tonatiuh
Published: May 2021

Objetivo. Determinar el nivel de evidencia sobre la proba­bilidad de transmisión de enfermedades respiratorias agudas en el transporte público colectivo. Material y métodos. Se utilizó la metodología de revisiones rápidas de Cochrane. La estrategia de búsqueda abarcó una base de datos acadé­mica hasta el 10 de diciembre de 2020. Resultados. Se identificaron 16 manuscritos que cumplieron los criterios de selección. En estudios de cohorte agrupados se encontró que el momio de seroconversión por influenza A o B fue 54% mayor en personas con uso frecuente de transporte público colectivo en comparación con las personas con un uso poco frecuente (razón de momios: 1.54; IC95%:1.06-2.01). Conclusión. La probabilidad de contagio por enfermeda­des respiratorias agudas puede incrementar con el uso del transporte público colectivo. Algunas recomendaciones para reducir la probabilidad de contagio en el transporte público colectivo son el uso de cubrebocas y reducir el número de pasajeros y tiempo de traslado.
Vitamin D status in Mexican women at reproductive age, Ensanut 2018-19
Authors: Contreras-Manzano Alejandra , Mejía-Rodríguez Fabiola , Villalpando Salvador , Rebollar Rosario , Flores-Aldana Mario
Published: May 2021

Objective. To describe the prevalence of deficiency (VDD) and insufficiency (VDI) of vitamin D (VD), by sociodemo­graphic factors, obesity and physical activity in a probabilistic sample of Mexican women participating in Ensanut 2018-19. Materials and methods. In 1 262 women aged 20 to 49 years, the prevalence of VDD/IVD was estimated and the factors associated with it were evaluated with a multinomial regression model. Results. The prevalence of VDI was 46.1% and of VDD was 31.6%. The probability of present­ing VDI and VDD was higher for residents of urban areas, in tertiles 2 and 3 of socioeconomic status, and with obesity, while was lower in women with moderate physical activ­ity. Conclusion. The prevalence of vitamin D in Mexican women continues to be a public health problem in Mexico despite the high availability of sunlight in the country. It is necessary to promote healthy sun exposure in the population and consider fortifying foods with vitamin D.
Metodología de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2020 sobre Covid-19
Authors: Romero-Martínez Martín , Barrientos-Gutiérrez Tonatiuh , Cuevas-Nasu Lucía , Bautista-Arredondo Sergio , Colchero Arantxa , Gaona-Pineda Elsa Berenice , Lazcano-Ponce Eduardo , Martínez-Barnetche Jesús , Alpuche-Aranda Celia , Rivera-Dommarco Juan , Shamah-Levy Teresa
Published: May 2021

Objetivo. Describir el diseño y los resultados de campo de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (Ensanut) 2020 so­bre Covid-19. Material y métodos. La Ensanut Covid-19 es una encuesta probabilística de hogares. En este artículo se describen los siguientes elementos del diseño: alcance, muestreo, medición, inferencia y logística. Resultados. Se obtuvieron 10 216 entrevistas de hogar completas y 9 464 resultados sobre seropositividad a SARS-CoV-2. La tasa de respuesta de hogar fue 80% y la de prueba de seropositividad de 44%. Conclusiones. El diseño probabilístico de la Ensa­nut Covid-19 permite hacer inferencias estadísticas válidas sobre parámetros de interés para la salud pública a nivel nacional y regional; en particular, permitirá hacer inferencias de utilidad práctica sobre la prevalencia de seropositividad a SARS-CoV-2 en México. Además, la Ensanut Covid-19 podrá ser comparada con Ensanut previas para identificar potenciales cambios en los estados de salud y nutrición de la población mexicana.
An Integrated Extreme Rainfall Modeling Tool (SDExtreme) for Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation
Authors: Yeo Myeong-Ho , Nguyen Van-Thanh-Van , Kim Yong Sang , Kpodonu Theodore A.
Published: May 2021

The estimation of the Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) relations is often necessary for the planning and design of various hydraulic structures and design storms. It has been an increasingly greater challenge due to climate change condition. This paper therefore proposes an integrated extreme rainfall modeling software package (SDExtreme) for constructing the IDF relations at a local site in the context of climate change. The proposed tool is based on a temporal downscaling method to describe the relationships between daily and sub-daily extreme precipitation using the scale-invariance General Extreme Value (GEV) distribution. In addition, SDExtreme provides a modified bootstrap technique to determine confidence intervals (CIs) of the estimated IDF curves for the current and the future climate conditions. The feasibility and accuracy of SDExtreme were assessed using rainfall data available from the selected rain gauge stations in Quebec and Ontario provinces (Canada) and climate simulations under three different climate change scenarios provided by the Canadian Earth System Model (CanESM2) and the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CanRCM4).
Extricating human tumor-unique immune alterations from non-malignant tissue inflammation
Authors: Prlic Martin , Mair Florian , Erickson Jami , Frutoso Marie , Greene Evan , Voillet Valentin , Konecny Andrew , Dixon Douglas , Barber Brittany , Gottardo Raphael
Published: May 2021

Immunotherapies to treat cancer have achieved remarkable successes, but major challenges persist. An inherent weakness of current treatment approaches is that therapeutically targeted pathways are not only found in tumors, but also in tissue microenvironments, particularly inflamed tissues. This confounding overlap complicates treatment as well as predictions of treatment outcome. In an effort to identify potential tumor-unique immunotherapeutic targets that are distinct from general tissue inflammation, we used complementary single-cell analysis approaches to interrogate immune cell alterations and interactions in human squamous cell carcinomas and site-matched non-malignant, inflamed tissues. We found that a distinct population of intratumoral regulatory T cells (Tregs) received T cell receptor (TCR) signals from antigen-presenting cells and this Treg population was uniquely identified by co-expression of ICOS and IL-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1). Intratumoral IL-1R+ Tregs appeared activated and a TCR signal was sufficient to convert IL-1R1- Tregs to IL-1R1+ Tregs ex vivo. Overall, our work identifies an intratumoral Treg population that recognizes antigen in the tumor microenvironment and two biomarkers that allow for specific depletion of these Tregs. Finally, our approach also provides a blueprint for extricating tumor-unique therapeutic targets distinct from general inflammatory patterns in other tumors.
Co-Expression Network Revealed The Potential Regulatory Mechanism of lncRNAs In Relapse Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Authors: Fang Yuan , Yang Yang , Zhang XiaoLi , Li Na , Yuan Bo , Jin Li , Bao Sheng , Li MengGe , Zhao Dan , Li LingRui , Zeng Zhong , Huang Han-Fei
Published: May 2021

Background: The mechanistic basis for the relapse of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains poorly understood. Recent research has highlighted the important roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in HCC. However, there are only a few studies on lncRNAs associated with the relapse of HCC.Methods:We analyzed lncRNA and mRNA profiles in the GSE101432 dataset associated with HCC relapse. The differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs were used to construct a lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis followed by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were conducted on the database. Furthermore, correlation and survival analyses were performed using The Cancer Genome Atlas database, and the clinical samples were verified by qRT-PCR.Results:In this study, lncRNAs and mRNAs associated with HCC relapse were identified. Two gene modules were found to be closely linked to HCC relapse. The functional enrichment analysis results of lncRNAs and co-expression mRNAs indicated that they were closely related to the relapse of HCC. In addition, we verified that the overall survival and recurrence-free survival of these genes in HCC have survival prediction functions. In total, we identified and validated two lncRNAs (LINC00941 and LINC00668) and six mRNAs (LOX, MICB, OTX1, BAIAP2L2, KCTD17, NDUFA4L2) associated with HCC relapse.Conclusion: In summary, we identified the key gene modules and central genes associated with relapse of HCC, and constructed lncRNA-mRNA networks related to this cancer type. These results provide a foundation for future basic research on the mechanism of relapse of HCC.
Evaluating The Impact of Roads On The Diversity Pattern And Density of Trees To Improve The Conservation of Species
Authors: Bhatti Uzair Aslam , Yu Zhaoyuan , Yuan Linwang , Wen Luo , Nawaz Saqib Ali , Kaleri Arif Hussain
Published: May 2021

Roads have a great impact on the structure and functioning of the diversity pattern in an ecological environment and play the role of altering biotic and abiotic factors. Clusters of plants grow along the roadside due to the interplay between the arrival of propagule and seedling establishment, which depends on the road’s specifications, land pattern, and road administration and protection practices. It is very important to study the diversity pattern in a metropolitan city to improve the ecological environment. Karachi is one of the world’s largest and fastest-growing metropolitan cities; however, little is known about the urban forest of the area. In Karachi, which is in the province of Sindh, Pakistan, roadside trees along various road types (e.g., wide, medium and narrow roads) have been studied. Based on a field study, various measures of diversity were utilized to investigate the diversity of tree species on different types of paths. A total of 180 plots, divided into three primary road groups, were surveyed. The highest quantity of tree biomass per unit area was found on wide roads, followed by medium roads. On narrow roads, the least biomass was detected. A single species or a limited number of species dominated the diversity of species. Conocarpus erectus was the most dominant non-native species along all types of roads, followed by the species Guaiacum officinale. A total of 76 species (32 non-native and 44 native) that were selectively spread along the roadsides of the city were studied. There was a significant difference in phylogenetic diversity (PD), phylogenetic mean pairwise distance (MPD) and phylogenetic mean nearest taxon distance (MNTD) between wide, medium, and narrow roads. Management practices have a significant positive correlation with diversity indices. Our study identified patterns of diversity in roadside trees in Karachi. It provided the basis for future plant conservation planning, such as the conservation of plant species, the maintenance of plant habitats, and the coordination of plant management in Karachi.
Global solar radiation modeling using different machine learning and empirical models in Northeast China
Authors: Jia Yue , Su Yongjun , Wang Fengchun , Li Pengcheng , Huo Shuyi
Published: May 2021

Reliable global solar radiation (Rs) information is crucial for the design and management of solar energy systems for agricultural and industrial production. However, Rs measurements are unavailable in many regions of the world, which impedes the development and application of solar energy. To accurately estimate Rs, this study developed a novel machine learning model, called a Gaussian exponential model (GEM), for daily global Rs estimation. The GEM was compared with four other machine learning models and two empirical models to assess its applicability using daily meteorological data from 1997–2016 from four stations in Northeast China. The results showed that the GEM with complete inputs had the best performance. Machine learning models provided better estimates than empirical models when trained by the same input data. Sunshine duration was the most effective factor determining the accuracy of the machine learning models. Overall, the GEM with complete inputs had the highest accuracy and is recommended for modeling daily Rs in Northeast China.
Molecular Identification, And Antifungal Susceptibility Patterns of Candida Species Isolated From Candidemia Patients in Yasuj, Southwestern Iran
Authors: Yasuj Shaghayegh Rostami , Khoramrooz Seyed Sajad , Salahi Marjan , Keshtkari Ali , Taghavi Jabar , Nazari Khadigeh , Ansari Saham , Shokoohi Gholamreza , Gharaghani Maral , Sisakht Sadegh Nouripour
Published: May 2021

Candidemia is the most common systemic infection in hospitalized patients and causing high mortality. Hence, the diagnosis of this infection in the early-stage with appropriate antifungal therapy has been attributed to the lowest mortality. The aims of this study are molecular identification of Candida species isolated from candidemia patients and evaluated the in vitro antifungal susceptibility patterns of these strains to fluconazole, amphotericin B, and caspofungin. In the present study, 800 hospitalized patients who suspected candidemia were sampled. Candida species were isolated and identified based on morphological and PCR-sequencing of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region. Antifungal susceptibility tests for fluconazole, amphotericin B, and caspofungin was performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M27-A3. Also, clinical data were recorded from patient's records. Overall, 27 candidemia patients were detected among hospitalized patients. 33.3% of candidemia patients were treated with amphotericin B, however, the mortality rate was 14.8%. The majority of patients (59%) were from the neonatal intensive care unit and premature born was the most underlying condition. C. albicans (n = 18; 66.6%) was the most common species isolated from blood cultures, followed by C.parapsilosis (n = 7; 25.9%), C.pelliculosa ( n = 1;3.7% ) and C.tropicalis (n = 1;3.7%). Only one C. albicans isolate were resistance to fluconazole (MIC = 32 µg/mL). Generally, C. albicans has been the most frequent causative agent of candidemia. Resistance to antifungal drugs among candidemia agents was rare. Also, the identification of Candida isolates at the species level with in-vitro antifungal susceptibility tests can manage and decrease the mortality rate among candidemia patients.
Use of Chemical Signature to Trace the Impact of Emission Sources
Authors: Cecinato Angelo , Bacaloni Alessandro , Romagnoli Paola , Perilli Mattia , Balducci Catia
Published: May 2021

The composition of organic fraction associated to particulate emissions depends on their nature as well as on contour conditions. Therefore, many Authors have investigated the chemical signature of airborne particulate matter and dusts with the goal of identifying the pollution sources and assessing their impact on the environment and health. Usually, Authors use three complementary tools for this goal; they are specific source markers, concentration ratios of pairs of congeners, and percent distributions of homologues within a group. After the presentation of the state-of-the-art about non-polar aliphatic (alkanes and alkenes), aromatic (PAHs, Nitro-PAHs) and polar (fatty acids, organic halides, polysaccharides) compounds associated to emissions, this paper provides new information with regard to chemical signature non-polar fraction, suitable to trace the impact of sources on airborne particulate matter and settled dust. Non-polar organic fraction comprises short/medium-chain alkenes and alkanes (with carbon numbers ranging from 12 to 23), which display distinct relative abundances in petrol-derived exhausts, microorganism residues and high vegetation leaf debris. Meanwhile, long-chain alkanes associated to tobacco smoke show a peculiar iso/anteiso/normal homologues fingerprint as well as n-hentriacontane percentages higher than other emissions. Based on this particular alkane distribution, two indexes (ATSR and AICR) have tentatively identified and tested though comparing their rates in some sets of particulate samples. Until now, the study of molecular signature has overall limited to qualitative purposes and seldom exploited to achieve quantitative estimates of contributions of sources to air pollution. Future investigations will reach this goal through further clarifying the nature and behavior of organic contaminants associated to airborne and settled particulate matters.