bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scolicidal Activity of Zirconium Oxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles Against Protoscolices of Hydatid Cysts
Authors: Amenah Abdul-Jabbar Ibrahim
Published: January 2021

Hydatidosis is a sickness that affects human and farm animals. This disease is deemed as a public health problem in different regions of the world until nowadays. Surgical overlaps is the best way to treat the disease, while the risk of surgery lies in the possibility of cyst rupture and leakage of protoscolices and the recurrence of infection again, this prompted researchers to use scolicidal agents before surgery such as ethanol, plant extracts, to reduce parasite spread and recurrence of infection, recently researchers have been using nanoparticles as a scolicidal agent, like gold nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, selenium nanoparticles, and others. This research aims to evaluate the fatal effect of zirconium oxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles to protoscolices of hydatid cysts. The Protoscolices were collected from sheep livers infected with hydatid cyst disease. The protoscolices were treated with different concentrations (250, 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 ?g/ ml) of ZrO2 NPs. The viability of protoscolices was determined by using an eosin staining method after 15, 30, and 60 min. The results showed that the concentrations of 1000, 2000, and 4000 µg/ml were significantly effective in the killing of protoscolices after 60 min., where the fatality rate of protoscolices was 49.6%, 52.7%, and 53.1% respectively when compared with the control group 38.5% (p<0.05).
Depression in Relation to Serum Ferritin a Cross-sectional Study at Najaf Governorate
Authors: Ashwan Abdulzahra Hashim
Published: January 2021

depression is a common psychiatric disorder that leads to disability and increases morbidity and mortality, and iron deficiency is a common nutritional disorder in general population that lead to change in brain function and affecting the quality of life. Methodology; a cross-sectional study that was conducted at Iraq Al-Najaf governorate, patient with depression was (51), and control group was (95), both were assessed by Beck depressive inventory Arabic version for the scoring of depressive symptoms, for both group serum ferritin was evaluated from fasting blood sample. Result; The age of participants (mean=36.25 years), the male was (55) while the female (91), of them (88) were married, there is significant differences between groups in age group (36-45) years and female gender while not to another variable. serum ferritin was significantly deferent with P-value (0.001). Conclusion; there is a strong relationship between the level of serum ferritin and depression with inverse correlation.
Human biotoxic, Human Reproduction Effects and Biomarkers to Assess the Health of the Ecosystem by Estimate the Ratios of Heavy Elements
Authors: Haider Mashkoor Hussein
Published: January 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the concentration of some heavy metals (Cr, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb) in some types of frozen and canned fish in Diwaniyah. Five types of fish were widely available (Stromateus Sp., Parastromateus niger, Labeo rohita , Sardina pilchardus ). And the number of replicates of one species, where the number of fish during the study period 20 fish. The results obtained showed a difference in results and the concentrations of the heavy elements above were measured by ppm (0,231-13,18 / 0.012-0,915 / 0.028-0,0234 / 0,400-2,161 / 0.021-0,141) for Cr, Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb respectively. The above results showed the increase in concentrations of heavy metals compared to previous studies, as well as their comparison with global and local determinants of these elements. The concentrations of heavy elements in the tissues of the muscles and muscles of theStromateus Sp fish (0.30, 0.89, 0.89, 0.89, -0.59 / ND / 0.100) for CR, Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb respectively. But in gils and frozen erythematic muscles were (0.2 / 0.473 - 0.019 / 0.043 - 0.053 / 0.115 - 1.589 / 0.929 - ND / 0.100) for Cr, Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb respectively.
La validez de escalas NEP-R y ECS para medir comportamiento y preocupación ambiental en estudiantes del CUNSURORI, USAC
Authors: Martínez Castro Jerson , Velásquez Rodríguez Carlos Augusto
Published: January 2021

En la actualidad el deterioro del ambiente y el uso inapropiado de los recursos naturales es una preocupación creciente en las sociedades del mundo. Para medir esa preocupación respecto al tema ambiental, es necesario disponer de herramientas apropiadas para distinguir los comportamientos a favor o en contra respecto a este tema. Según algunos autores como Pato (2004), Castanedo (1995) y Bolzan (2009), los instrumentos más utilizados para evaluar el comportamiento ecológico y la preocupación ambiental son las Escala del Nuevo Paradigma Ecológico (NEP-R) propuesta por Dunlap, Van Liere y otros (2002) y la Escala de preocupación Ambiental (ECS) propuesta por Weigel y Weigel (1978). Para verificar la confiabilidad de estas escalas respecto a las variables de comportamiento y preocupación ambiental, se realizó un estudio con estudiantes de la carrera de Agronomía del CUNSURORI en 2019. El instrumento de investigación consistió en un consentimiento informado, las escalas NEP-R y ECS. La validez de las escalas conllevó el análisis del proceso de validación de contenido y validez aparente. Se evaluó la consistencia interna, a través la prueba de Kolmogorov- Smirnov. La validez de consistencia se calculó por el Coeficiente del alfa de Cronbach. Finalmente, se realizó validez del constructo, por la prueba de Keyser- Meyer- Olkin (KMO). Para realizar estas pruebas fue necesario utilizar los programas MS EXCEL y el SPSS.
Estrategias de enseñanza utilizadas en estudiantes en programas de equivalencias integrales
Authors: Estrada Chávez Adán
Published: January 2021

Con el objetivo  de establecer si en los procesos educativos se utilizan metodologías con enfoque andragógico o  basadas en una teoría pedagógica conductista, que se caracteriza por el desarrollo de la relación docente-estudiante de forma vertical, que conlleva la realización de clases de tipo magistral o conferencias, planes de estudio rígidos, prácticas docentes tradicionales sustentadas en procesos educativos descendentes, que no permiten la participación de los estudiantes (Gamboa y Flores 2018), se procedió a investigar cuáles son las estrategias que se utilizan en la enseñanza de los estudiantes, en programas de equivalencias integrales, como modalidad  de egreso de la universidad. Se utilizó el método de estudio de casos, el cual permitió construir la realidad tal como la observan los participantes en programas universitarios de equivalencias integrales, por medio de este método se analizaron los tipos de estrategias que se utilizan en la enseñanza de los estudiantes. Los resultados de la investigación aportan respuestas evidentes al objetivo planteado, debido a la aplicación de instrumentos en las diferentes fases de la investigación, lo cual permitió que las conclusiones proporcionaran un panorama que ayuda a visualizar de forma clara el proceso educativo en estos programas.
Evolving Trends in Peacekeeping: United Nations–African Union Hybrid Peacekeeping Operations (UNAMID) in Darfur
Authors: Ishaque Waseem
Published: January 2021

Peacekeeping has become a far more complex and multifaceted phenomenon due to the emerging non-traditional security threats and the changing nature of intrastate conflicts. This paper focuses on the evolving trends in peacekeeping operations and illuminates the transition from 'traditional‘ to a 'robust‘ and 'hybrid‘ peacekeeping model. In doing so, the paper presents the hybrid United Nations and African Union (UN-AU) peacekeeping model as a pilot project in Darfur. It further highlights the extent to which the model proved to be effective and inclusive, and secured financial and troop-contributing obligations jointly by the UN and AU. Furthermore, understanding the dialectics of 'traditional‘ and 'hybrid‘ peacekeeping operations has been analyzed through positive peace. Overall, the article highlights the essential contours of United Nations–African Union Mission in Darfur (UNAMID) transition from AMIS and inquires its contribution towards peacebuilding and developing the state institution, thus ensuring sustainable peace and stability.
KOORDINASI VERTIKAL CAMAT DALAM PELAKSANAAN TUGAS POKOK DAN FUNGI DI KECAMATAN BULANGO SELATAN KABUPATEN BONE BOLANGO
Authors: Harun Olan , Gobel Lisda Van
Published: January 2021

ABSTRAK

 

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui koordinasi vertikal Camat dalam pelaksanaan tugas pokok dan fungsi di Kecamatan Bulango Selatan Kabupaten Bone Bolango. Metode penelitian menggunakan jenis deskriptif pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam kepada sejumlah informan, observasi dan pencatatan data sekunder yang berkaitan dengan permasalahan penelitian.

Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa, komunikasi camat dengan unit yang dipimpinnya belum berjalan dengan baik. Hal ini terlihat dari pola komunikasi camat yang cenderung bersifat satu arah dan memberikan dampak kepada bawahan yang merasa tertekan dalam menerima pesan dari seorang camat yang pada akhirnya akan mempengaruhi produktivitas kerja organisasi. Pengarahan camat kepada unit yang dipimpinnya belum berjalan dengan baik. Hal ini terlihat dari bentuk pengarahan yang diberikan oleh camat kepada bawahannya yang cenderung kaku. Pembinaan camat kepada unit yang dipimpinnya belum berjalan dengan baik. Hal ini terlihat dari intensitas pembimbingan yang sangat jarang dilakukan kepada unit yang dipimpinnya. Selain itu, camat cenderung memberikan perintah tanpa pembimbingan sehingga masih sering terjadi kesalahan kerja.

Disarankan, perlunya seorang Camat Bulango Selatan merubah gaya komunikasi kepada unit kerja yang dipimpinnya dengan komunikasi yang bersifat dialogis. Perlunya seorang Camat Bulango Selatan untuk menggunakan pola pengarahan kepada unit kerja yang dipimpinnya yang lebih bersahabat. Perlunya seorang Camat Bulango Selatan untuk lebih intensif memberikan pembimbingan kepada unit kerja yang dipimpinnya guna mengeliminir kesalahan kerja.

Kata Kunci: Koordinasi; Pelaksanaan; Tugas
PROSES PELAYANAN PENGURUSAN PAJAK KENDARAAN BERMOTOR DI KANTOR SAMSAT KABUPATE BONE BOLANGO
Authors: Utina Nurman , Gobel Lisda Van
Published: January 2021

ABSTRAK

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana proses pelayanan pembayaran pajak kendaraan bermotor di Samsat Bone Bolango. Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dan kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dari data primer yaitu wawancara dari sampel, dan data sekunder dari buku dan jurnal.

Menurut analisis data, prosedur dan proses manajemen pajak tidak berjalan sesuai dengan peraturan yang berlaku. Sebab, masih ada kendala dalam proses verifikasi file yang menyebabkan keterlambatan dalam proses pembayaran. Proses penyelesaian masalah di kantor samsat memiliki kinerja yang sangat baik, tetapi menurut beberapa pembayar pajak tidak begitu baik. Pemerasan yang sesuai dengan kantor samsat dan pengawasan yang lebih besar harus diberikan kepada semua staf untuk memberikan contoh tata kelola

Pemerintah, dalam hal ini Samsat Bone bolango perlu mengeluarkan kebijakan dalam prosedur pembayaran pajak, untuk memfasilitasi masyarakat dalam mendapatkan pembayaran pajak. Ingat pajak adalah negara terbesar di bidang pembangunan. Menimbang bahwa masih banyak wajib pajak yang sadar akan kewajibannya membayar pajak. Staf di Samsat harus lebih responsif dalam melayani masyarakat, terutama dalam memberikan solusi untuk mengatasi masalah. Tagihan pajak perlu dijelaskan secara rinci untuk menciptakan tata kelola yang baik dan bersih.

Kata Kunci: Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor; Samsat; Bone Bolango
PENGARUH INTEGRITAS DAN KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL TERHADAP KINERJA ANGGOTA KEPOLISIAN POLSEK CIKARANG TIMUR
Authors: Pratiwi Dinda Mutiara , Fadila Arif
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisis tentang Pengaruh Integritas dan Kecerdasan Emosional terhadap Kinerja Anggota Kepolisian Polsek Cikarang Timur. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif dan verifikatif. Teknik analisis yang digunakan yaitu teknik analisis skala likert dengan menggunakan alat bantu, Microsoft Excell dan Smart PLS 3.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pengaruh secara parsial Integritas (X1) terhadap kinerja karyawan sebesar 47,2% dengan arah positif, selanjutnya pengaruh secara parsial Kecerdasan Emosional (X2) terhadap Kinerja (Y) sebesar 45,4% dengan arah positif. Berdasarkan pengaruh parsial dapat diketahui bahwa kecerdasan emosional (X2) lebih rendah dari Integritas (X2) maka dapat dinyatakan bahwa integritas (X1) lebih banyak memberikan kontribusi terhadap Kinerja (Y) dibandingkan Kecerdasan Emosional (X2). Berdasarkan hasil pengujian yang dilakukan secara simultan melalui boostrapping – R-Square dapat diketahui nilai R Square sebesar 0,816 dan termasuk keadalah kriteria kuat. Artinya pengaruh variabel Integritas (X1) dan Kecerdasan Emosional (X2) terhadap Kinerja (Y) sebesar 81,6% dan sisanya sebesar 18,4% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini.
AKTIVITAS DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR IPA SISWA KELAS VIII G SMP NEGERI 2 SIDEMEN DENGAN MODEL SIKLUS BELAJAR TRI PRAMANA
Authors: Darmayanti Nyoman Sri
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini tergolong penelitian tindakan kelas yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas dan prestasi belajar siswa dengan menerapkan Model Siklus Belajar Tri Pramana pada pembelajaran IPA. Subjek penelitian yaitu siswa di kelas VIII G pada semester I tahun pelajaran 2017/2018 di SMP Negeri 2 Sidemen. Sedangkan objeknya aktivitas dan prestasi belajar siswa. Data yang diperoleh adalah data kuantitatif  berupa prestasi belajar yang dikumpulkan melalui instrumen tes dan data aktivitas siswa yang dikumpulkan dengan instrumen lembar observasi. Hasil yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif. Dari pelaksanaan penelitian rata-rata aktivitas belajar siswa pada siklus I sebesar 71,90% dengan kategori baik meningkat menjadi 77,36% di siklus II juga dengan kategori baik. Prestasi belajar  mengalami peningkatan dari data awal dengan rata-rata 63, pada siklus I menjadi 72,30 dan  pada siklus II  menjadi 76,46. Ketuntasan belajar awal 58% menjadi 73,07% pada siklus I, dan meningkat menjadi 88,46% pada siklus II.  Kesimpulan yang didapat bahwa pembelajaran dengan Model Siklus Belajar Tri Pramana mampu meningkatkan aktivitas dan prestasi belajar siswa di kelas VIII G SMP Negeri 2 Sidemen semester I tahun pelajaran 2017/2018 pada pembelajaran IPA.This research is classified as a classroom action research that aims to increase student activity and achievement by applying Tri Pramana Learning Cycle Model to science learning. Research subjects are students in class VIII G in the first semester of the academic year 2017/2018 in SMP Negeri 2 Sidemen. While the object activity and student achievement. The data obtained are quantitative data in the form of learning achievement collected through test instrument and student activity data collected with instrument observation sheet. The results obtained were analyzed descriptively. From the average research activity of student activity in cycle I was 71,90% with good category increased to 77,36% in cycle II also with good category. Achievement learn to increase from initial data with average 63, in cycle I become 72,30 and in cycle II become 76,46. 58% initial learning completeness to 73.07% in cycle I, and increased to 88.46% in cycle II. The conclusion is that learning with Tri Pramana Learning Cycle Model able to increase student's activity and achievement in class VIII G SMP Negeri 2 Sidemen semester I of academic year 2017/2018 on science lesson
COVİD 19 PANDEMİSİNDE KONTRASEPSİYON VE YENİ JENERASYON SADECE PROGESTİN İÇEREN HAPLARIN YERİ/DERLEME
Authors: YILMAZ Nafiye , BUYUK Gul Nihal
Published: January 2021

Yeni Koronavirüs hastalığı veya COVID 19, Aralık 2019'da Çin'in Wuhan kentinde başladı ve çok kısa sürede birçok ülkeye yayılmıştır. Modern kontraseptiflerin tedariki, çeşitli düşük ve orta gelirli ülkelerdeki kısıtlamalar nedeniyle ciddi şekilde etkilenmiş olup, birçok ilaç şirketinin kapanması nedeniyle üretimleri de durma noktasına gelmiştir. COVID-19 salgını, farklı hormonal kontraseptif yöntemlerin kullanımına yönelik endikasyonları ve kontrendikasyonları değiştirmemiştir. Cinsel sağlık ve üreme sağlığı hizmetleri, pandemi durumunda bile her toplum için çok önemlidir. Doğum kontrolü, sağlık hizmetlerinin önemli bir bileşeni olarak görülmeli ve pandemi sırasında da aile planlaması danışmanlığı verilmeye devam edilmelidir. Uygun bir kontraseptif danışmanlığın sağlanmasının mümkün olmadığı durumlarda sadece progestin içeren haplar bir seçenek olabilir.
Periodontal Treatment Practice and Referral Profile of General Dentists – A Cross-sectional Questionnaire Survey
Authors: Javali Mukhatar Ahmed , Alkanad Abdullah M. A. , Saquib Shahabe Abullais , Nagate Raghvendra R. , Khader Mohasin Abdul , Khalid Imran , Elagib Mohamed Fadul A.
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND: Because of medical advancement, the mean age of the general population is increasing gradually. This increase in the mean age of patients has led to its implications on oral health. Hence, it is logical to assume an increase in the figure of referrals to specialists and the complexity of treatments provided.
AIM: The aim of the survey was to assess the current status of periodontal treatment provided, awareness of referral profile, and criteria taken into consideration for the referral to the periodontist by general dentists.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted among 318 general dentists. The relevant work related to the status of periodontal procedures provided by dentists and their referral relationships were studied. The questionnaire consisting of six questions was designed. Descriptive statistics, including frequency distributions and measures of central tendency and Chi-square test, were used.
RESULTS: The study showed that majority of the general dentists do non-surgical procedures by their own. However, around 85% of respondents did not provide surgical periodontal treatment by themselves. About 25% of the responding general dentists thought that they had inadequate education and experience in the field of periodontics which was a major reason for the referral to specialists.
CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the general dentists are comfortable in carrying out the non-surgical procedures, but they had some reservations about the periodontal surgical procedures. Inadequate experience and facilities were the major reasons for the referral to periodontists. More of this type of study should be conducted to know the basic level of periodontal practices carried out among the general dentists and about the referral to the specialists.
La politique commerciale européenne et la politique économique française : quelle interaction en matière de coopération industrielle ?
Authors: Bouillon Pierre
Published: January 2021

L’instauration de la politique commerciale communautaire ne fut pas sans incidence sur la politique de détente menée par la France en Europe de l’Est. Elle imposa en effet de négocier de nouveaux types d’accords économiques qui excluaient désormais les affaires commerciales. L’enjeu, pour la partie française, fut donc de conserver et de développer un vecteur d’influence qui échappât à la supervision de la CEE, à travers la coopération industrielle. Mais, paradoxalement, la diplomatie française fut aussi conduite à défendre les prérogatives commerciales de la Commission, face aux revendications roumaines, mais aussi face aux initiatives de ses partenaires ouest-européens.
Passer à l’Europe. Logiques et formes de l'investissement des premiers Euro-lawyers dans les politiques européennes
Authors: Avril Lola
Published: January 2021

L’article revient sur la formation, par le bas, d’un groupe de professionnels de l’Europe. Dans les années 1960, en Allemagne, France et Belgique, un groupe d’avocats s’immisce dans les politiques européennes. Cet investissement, replacé dans les contextes historiques de ces trois pôles d’émergence, est analysé au regard de leur position professionnelle « au national » et de leur inscription précoce dans un espace transnational. Les Euro-lawyers , par leur engagement multiforme, apparaissent en missionnaires des règles européennes, acteurs à part entière de leur légitimation et de leur développement.
La formation des dirigeants d’entreprise en question : la diffusion de la « méthode des cas » américaine (Lille, années 1950)
Authors: Chessel Marie-Emmanuelle
Published: January 2021

La méthode des cas est aujourd’hui l’une des méthodes les plus connues dans les écoles de commerce et les universités. Cette méthode a été promue à la Harvard Business School (HBS). Mais comment a été diffusée cette méthode en France dans le monde des affaires ? L’entre-deux-guerres a été un peu étudiée mais le reste est peu connu. Nous allons étudier un chaînon manquant de cette histoire, au début des années 1950, dans le cadre d’une institution de formation continue des patrons du nord de la France appelée École d’administration des affaires de Lille. Nous proposons d’examiner la circulation de la méthode des cas en trois temps. Nous nous demanderons d’abord dans quel contexte se fait la genèse de cette école. Nous nous interrogerons ainsi sur les conditions réunies pour favoriser la circulation de la méthode. Nous examinerons ensuite les programmes et la pédagogie proprement dite. Enfin, en nous centrant sur un cas, nous verrons le rôle joué par le contexte économique et religieux dans la réussite de l’expérience.
Les sociétés de pompes funèbres « israélites » à Paris sous l’Occupation à l’épreuve des persécutions allemandes et vichystes
Authors: Lehr Johanna
Published: January 2021

Cet article propose d’étudier le devenir des huit sociétés du secteur des pompes funèbres « israélites » de Paris sous l’Occupation. Ces entreprises considérées comme « juives » et leurs dirigeants sont victimes de la spoliation des « biens juifs », politique d’initiative allemande, reprise à son compte par la France avec la loi 22 juillet 1941. En effet, la division entre Juifs et non-Juifs, érigée en principe d’organisation de la société, a intégré dès 1940 la législation autonome de Vichy : l’« aryanisation », visant à « éliminer l’influence juive de l’économie nationale », en constitue le volet économique. Cette étude a pour objectif de mettre en lumière les contradictions qui ont pu émerger entre deux logiques apparemment concordantes : la logique de séparation entre Juifs et non-Juifs, et la logique d’« aryanisation » des biens et commerces appartenant aux Juifs. À ces deux logiques se combine la logique d’internement, qui s’abat d’abord sur les Juifs étrangers en France à partir d’octobre 1940. L’objectif est de mettre en évidence la relative autonomie de ces différentes logiques de persécution.
La condamnation de pratiques traditionnelles de production des confiseries de fruits à l’extrême Sud du Brésil
Authors: Krone Evander Eloi , Menasche Renata , Da Cunha Lucas Braunstein
Published: January 2021

Nous proposons d’examiner certains instruments de contrôle et paramètres de qualité mis en place par l’État, en analysant leurs impacts sur la production alimentaire artisanale dans le contexte de l’agriculture familiale. Pour ce faire, nous présentons le cas des familles productrices de confiseries de fruits à Pelotas, une région située à l’extrême sud du Brésil, où la production de confiseries de fruits est traditionnelle, inhérente au mode de vie et à l’identité locale. Malgré l’importance économique et culturelle de cette tradition, elle subit des fortes pressions résultant de l’action des organismes officiels de contrôle sanitaire qui jugent inadéquates les recettes et les pratiques ancestrales d’une production qui, en 2018, a été reconnue comme patrimoine culturel immatériel brésilien.
Tout est bon dans le cochon ? Représentations autour des additifs au sein d’un CAP adulte en charcuterie-traiteur
Authors: Héron Raphaëlle
Published: January 2021

La charcuterie concentre de nombreux enjeux de sécurité sanitaire, entre risques biologiques et risques chimiques. Le débat se cristallise aujourd’hui autour du sel nitrité, utilisé dans la charcuterie industrielle comme artisanale, pour limiter le risque de développement de la toxine botulique, mais qui est accusé d’être cancérogène. Cet article vise à documenter les représentations et les pratiques autour du sel nitrité au sein d’un parcours de formation d’adultes en cap charcuterie. Il analyse la (non) adéquation entre les savoirs pratiques enseignés et les savoirs opérationnels et théoriques recherchés par le public adulte. Cet écart révèle des visions différentes du métier d’artisan charcutier.
Gouverner la qualité alimentaire par les applications
Authors: Soutjis Bastien
Published: January 2021

L’actualité du marché des produits de grande consommation est marquée par l’apparition d’applications mobiles permettant aux consommateurs d’évaluer les produits alimentaires en scannant leurs codes-barres. Cet article analyse les critères de qualification et de notation des produits mobilisés par ces applications et les projets controversés de gouvernement des conduites qui les sous-tendent. Il montre que les applications évaluent les produits à partir de conceptions plurielles du « bien manger », qu’elles s’articulent autour de quelques dimensions prépondérantes (la qualité nutritionnelle, les additifs et le niveau de transformation des produits) et qu’elles participent tout à la fois à prolonger et à détourner l’action des pouvoirs publics en matière de gouvernement des conduites alimentaires et d’information du consommateur.
Le métalinguistique en classe de L2 : quelques observations sur les conduites grammaticales et la compétence de communication en milieu scolaire polonais
Authors: Piotrowski Sebastian
Published: January 2021

Dans cet article, nous nous proposons de décrire différentes formes de conduites grammaticales telles qu’elles apparaissent dans le discours d’enseignants dans le contexte d’enseignement/apprentissage du français en milieu formel polonais. L’objectif est de réfléchir sur la pertinence des descriptions et des explications portant sur la langue cible dans la perspective de son appropriation par des apprenants non natifs. La description de pratiques effectives d’enseignement, dont certaines relevant de contextualisations, doit par ailleurs jeter de la lumière sur les rapports entre le métalinguistique comme vecteur de transmission de savoirs et le développement d’une compétence de communication, ainsi que sur la façon dont une culture éducative locale favorise et véhicule une approche spécifique d’un code linguistique à enseigner/apprendre.
Les constructions des verbes français : quelles contextualisations pour un apprenant slovaque ?
Authors: Chovancová Katarína , Ráčková Lucia
Published: January 2021

À partir d’un cadre théorique portant sur la valence verbale, l’article s’interroge sur les formes de contextualisation possibles des constructions des verbes français pour les apprenants slovaques. Entre les formes de contextualisation largement exploitées dans certaines grammaires du français à destination du public universitaire slovaque, d’une part, et les possibilités de (re)contextualisation dans la perspective de la linguistique théorique, d’autre part, les auteures appuient leur argumentation sur l’analyse contrastive des cadres de valence verbale effectuée suivant une démarche méthodologique précise.
La donazione di embrione
Authors: Fiori Angelo , Sgreccia Elio
Published: January 2021

Non disponibile.
Sull’abortività della pillola estroprogestinica e di altri “contraccettivi”
Authors: Di Pietro Maria Luisa , Minacori Roberta
Published: January 2021

Per controllare la fertilità oggi si utilizzano diverse tecniche ad azione contraccettiva, che impediscono, nella maggior parte dei casi in modo temporaneo, il concepimento. Oltre ai cosiddetti contraccettivi esistono e vengono usate altre tecniche che spesso sono spacciate per contraccettive, ma che in realtà agiscono non impedendo l’inizio di una gravidanza, ma che questa, una volta iniziata, possa evolvere normalmente: quindi queste tecniche sono abortive.

Nell’articolo sono esaminati il meccanismo d’azione e il tasso di abortività di alcuni “contraccettivi” come la pillola estroprogestinica (pillole monofasiche, bifasiche, pillole a prevalente azione androgenica), dei cosiddetti “intercettivi” (minipillola; progestinici depot come le preparazioni iniettabili, gli impianti sottocute, gli anelli vaginali; la spirale o IUD; quella che è definita “contraccezione post-coitale o d’emergenza) e dei cosiddetti “contragestativi” (RU486, le prostaglandine, i vaccini abortivi). I risultati dello studio mostrano che l’attuale ricerca nel campo del controllo della fertilità è indirizzata a prodotti per lo più ad azione abortiva e che si sta cercando - anche da parte della letteratura internazionale - di farli accettare dall’opinione pubblica, mascherando o mistificando la realtà “aborto”.

In una siffatta situazione allora la verità semantica e scientifica è più che mai necessaria, altrimenti le persone possono essere soggette a manipolazione sebbene credano di essere libere.
Economia ed etica nello sviluppo del Sistema sanitario italiano
Authors: Bompiani Adriano
Published: January 2021

In italia, come nei Paesi industrializzati dell’Europa occidentale, sono intervenuti notevoli cambiamenti demografici ed epidemiologici (invecchiamento della popolazione e aumento del numero di anziani, riduzione della patologia infettiva e aumento delle malattie degenerative), associati a rilevanti fenomeni sociali (contrazione volontaria della fertilità, progressivo aumento del lavoro extradomestico della donna), ai quali fanno riscontro le aumentate capacità di cura delle malattie acute, lo sviluppo incessante della tecnologia e la crescente richiesta di “godimento di salute” come diritto dell’individuo. Tutto ciò ha portato a concepire nuovi assetti sanitari, mentre è venuto meno il welfare state e stenta ad affermarsi la strategia di promozione della salute mediante la prevenzione.

Partendo da queste difficoltà e rendendosi conto del rilievo etico di queste problematiche, poichè è indubbia l’estensione del diritto all’assistenza sanitaria a tutti i cittadini, nell’articolo vengono esaminati i rapporti tra il principio di giustizia, tradotto in pratica dal principio di equità, e l’economia sanitaria. Inoltre, delle diverse questioni affrontate (assistenza sanitaria in generale, l’acquisizione delle risorse per la sanità in Italia e negli altri Paesi europei, la proposta del cosiddetto federalismo in sanità, l’impiego delle risorse e la razionalizzazione economica nella spesa) sono evidenziate anche le implicanze etiche e bioetiche relative alle diverse correnti di pensiero: utilitarismo, individualismo-libertario, egualitarismo e personalismo, e se ne ricava che le concezioni della bioetica personalista sono quelle che più servono da supporto all’etica medica tradizionale, sebbene essa richieda un lavoro di interpretazione dei “parametri economici” caso per caso ed una grande responsabilità da parte di ogni operatore sanitario nel gestire le risorse comuni.
Spunti critici sull’art.1 (primo comma) della Legge n. 194/1978
Authors: Musacchio Vincenzo
Published: January 2021

L’articolo 1 primo comma della legge n.194/1978, la legge sull’interruzione della gravidanza, stabilisce, benchè dapprima sebra voler tutelare la vita, che in determinati casi è consentito interrompere la gravidanza. Il problema sociale che va risolto quanto prima è quello di stabilire se il bene giuridico “vita” (che per altro assume rilevanza costituzionale) venga concretamente tutelato e garantito dall’attuale legislazione che oltretutto vige da secici anni senza aver mai subito significative modificazioni in favore della vita del nascituro. Per sviluppare tali problematiche è bene definire mediante metodologie prossime alla certezza scientifica il concetto di vita umana ed il suo effettivo inizio. Secondo i più autorevoli studiosi della materia il concetto di vita individuale è un unicum indifferenziato il cui effettivo inizio biologico incomincia a decorrere dal momento della fecondazione, quando lo spermatozoo entra nella cellula uovo.

Premesso che la vita umana è un concetto unitario e che il diritto penale per elaborare il concetto di vita non possa generare parametri convenzionali od assiomatici, può senz’altro dedursi che il bene “vita” merita una tutela giuridica adeguata all’evoluzione della scienza.

Da un’approfondita analisi dell’art. 1 della legge che al primo comma afferma che la vita umana va tutelata fin dal suo inizio, si può concludere che tale articolo è costituzionalmente illegittimo per difetto di tassatività poichè la sua apllicazione contraddice proprio quel primo comma.
Algunas consideraciones éticas en torno al concepto “calidad de vida” como criterio para la asignación de recursos sanitarios
Authors: Voltas Dolores
Published: January 2021

Not available.
Il neonato anencefalo
Authors: Faggioni Maurizio P.
Published: January 2021

L’articolo traccia uno <i del vivace dibattito in corso sui molteplici problemi medici ed etici connessi con l’anencefalia, e in particolare lo statuto ontologico del neonato anencefalo, le condizioni di liceità per l’espianto di organi e tessuti dall’anencefalo, le cure da prestarsi all’anencefalo, la diagnosi prenatale e l’induzione pretermine del parto.

Un’enfasi particolare viene data ai modelli etici sottesi alle diverse posizioni e ai diversi orizzonti antropologici implicati. Si offrono infine linee operative che cercano di contemperare le legittime esigenze della medicina dei trapianti con il fondamentale e imprescindibile rispetto per la persona umana, anche in situazioni estreme e marginali, come quelle in cui si trova l’anencefalo.
L’ermeneutica filosofica come sfondo teorico della bioetica
Authors: Pessina Adriano
Published: January 2021

L’articolo esamina il rapporto tra l’ermeneutica filosofica e la bioetica, discutendo criticamente alcune tesi al riguardo di Hans Georg Gadamer, e argomenta la possibilità di uno statuto epistemologico della bioetica.

L’Autore ritiene, infatti, che la verità nella ricerca di impianti teorici di bioetica che molti studiosi – soprattutto di formazione bioetica – tentano per fornire un quadro valutativo che si armonizzi con le concrete esigenze operative sollecitate dal progresso scientifico altro non riveli che una situazione di “fluidità” epistemologica della bioetica. Tale situazione, poi, viene enfatizzata dalla perdurante crisi dei modelli della razionalità occidentale e che coinvolge sia le discipline scientifiche sia la filosofia.

La prospettiva ermeneutica intende mostrare che 1. la fluidità e la storicità dlle valutazioni e delle procedure di intervento costituiscono una condizione insuperabile; 2; la fusione tra l’atto della comprensione e il momento dell’applicazione sono necessari. Tenuto conto di certe pretese riduzionistiche della stessa ermeneutica, allora la giustificazione della bioetica come episteme passa attraverso la confutazione di tali pretese.

L’articolo, intatti, sostiene la legittimità della bioetica non solo a livello pratico-valutativo, ma anche teorico-normativo.
Bioetica e informazione scientifica
Authors: Sinaccio Graziella , Robert Elisabetta , Spagnolo Antonio G.
Published: January 2021

L’informazione scientifica (IS) rappresenta oggi un bene prezioso da arricchire attraverso cultura, scienza, formazione, serietà ed etica. Gli Autori prendono in considerazione tre diversi soggetti ai quali l’informazione scientifica è rivolta: gli addetti ai lavori, il pubblico ed il paziente. L’Arte del sapere comunicare non può ignorare questa distinzione, valutando il linguaggio più appropriato per ogni destinatario affinché il messaggio venga compreso. Coloro che intendono divulgare la scienza hanno la grande responsabilità di farlo con “verità”, correttezza, evitando inutili allarmismi e false speranze, percorrendo il cammino indicato dai principi della Bioetica.
I cattolici messi di fronte alle strategie pro-eutanasia e pro-aborto
Authors: Fleming John I.
Published: January 2021

I cattolici spesso si trovano esclusi ed emarginati dai dibattiti politici pubblici sull’aborto e l’eutanasia. Questo perché i sostenitori dell’aborto e dell’eutanasia legalizzati nelle attuali democrazie secolari e pluraliste hanno con successo definito l’opposizione cattolica come “fondata sulla religione, e quindi base rischiosa per la politica”. I cattolici, so sostiene, non dovrebbero cercare di imporre le loro opinioni sugli altri, ma dovrebbero rispettare l’autonomia degli individui a scegliere come reputano meglio per se stessi .

In realtà sono i sostenitori dell’aborto e dell’eutanasia che cercano di attaccare i valori comunemente condivisi grazie ai quali le persone nelle società civili sono capaci di vivere insieme in pace e giustizia. la Dichiarazione Universale dei Diritti dell’Uomo e gli altri strumenti per i diritti umani testimoniano per gli inalienabili ed inviolabili diritti alla libertà e alla vita del nascituro. Questi stessi documenti vietano la legalizzazione della eutanasia volontaria in quanto qualsiasi concessione ad uccidere un innocente e la tratta degli schiavi (anche quando accettati volontariamente dagli individui) rappresentano una minaccia alla vita ed alla libertà di cittadini innocenti. I Cattolici possono entrare nei dibattiti politici pubblici sulle questioni della vita sulla base dei valori internazionalmente accettati, i quali sono in armonia con la tradizione morale cattolica.
The trend and composition of payout methods over a period of tax reform: Evidence from JSE-listed companies
Authors: Nel Rudie , Wesson Nicolene
Published: January 2021

Orientation: This study investigated the trend and composition of total payout distributed by companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) over a period of tax reform.Research purpose: The aim was to investigate whether the payout methods post-2012, after the introduction of dividends tax, differed from pre-2012.Motivation for the study: Tax-related dividend literature predominantly explores the implications of differential taxes on dividends and of capital gains on dividends with a limited focus on total payout. The setting to investigate the total payout of JSE-listed companies is also unique as a result of South African tax reform.Research design, approach and method: Descriptive statistics and a mixed-model analysis of variance were employed to describe the payout methods (dividends, capital distributions, additional shares and share repurchases) in rand value and frequency of election. The population comprised of 116 JSE-listed companies for the financial reporting periods 2006–2018.Main findings: Ordinary dividends increased post-2012 whilst other payout, except for additional shares, decreased post-2012. An increase in scrip dividends (additional shares with a cash alternative) post-2012 confers flexibility to shareholders to manage their own financial needs, including tax considerations.Practical/managerial implications: The policy implication is that the increasing use of ordinary dividends as a payout method could inform future government initiatives to generate revenue or provide tax incentives for saving.Contribution/value-add: Submitted as the first article to investigate total payout of JSE-listed companies over a period of tax reform to provide evidence that payout policies adjusted based on the differential tax on dividends and capital gains.
Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Changes Leukocyte Number and Oxidative Stress in the Lung and Blood of Female BALB/c Mice
Authors: Hedayati-Moghadam Mahdiyeh , Rezaee S. A. Rahim , Boskabady Mohammad Hossein , Mohamadian Roshan Nema , Saadat Saeideh , Bavarsad Kowsar , Niazmand Saeed
Published: January 2021

Background:

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1(HTLV-1) infection is likely to induce nonneoplastic inflammatory pulmonary diseases. Therefore, an experimental study was conducted to evaluate the leukocytes' number alteration and oxidative stress in the lung and blood of HTLV-1-infected BALB/c mice, which could be of benefit for the recognition of HTLV-1 mechanism in the induction of pulmonary disorders.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty female BALB/c mice were divided into two groups of control and HTLV-1-infected animals. The HTLV-1-infected group was inoculated with 106 MT-2 HTLV-1-infected cells. Two months later, the infection was confirmed using real-time polymerase chain reaction, and then lung pathological changes, total and differential inflammatory cell counts in the blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), along with oxidative stress biomarker levels in the BALF and lung tissue were evaluated.

Results:

In the HTLV-1-infected group, the peribronchitis score (P < 0.01), the number of total leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes (P < 0.05) in the blood and BALF were increased. The number of eosinophils in the blood of the HTLV-1-infected group was higher than in the control group (P < 0.01), whereas the number of basophils of BALF was increased in the HTLV-1-infected group (P < 0.001). The lung and BALF oxidative stress results showed that the MDA level was increased, while the total thiol level and superoxide dismutase activity were decreased in the HTLV-1-infected group (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:

The HTLV-1 infection seems to induce pulmonary inflammatory reactions by recruiting leukocytes as well as inducing oxidative stress in the lung tissue.
Prognostic markers for severity, activity, and recurrence of alopecia areata
Authors: Sorour Neveen E. , Tabl Hala A.E.M. , Hamed Ahmed M.
Published: January 2021

Background

Alopecia areata (AA) is considered an autoimmune disorder caused by altered T-cell-mediated immunity. MicroRNAs (miR) are important translational regulators of genes in various tissues and biological processes involved in autoimmune responses and have been identified in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and type I diabetes mellitus. However, little is known about their role in pathogenesis of AA.

Objective

To assess serum levels of miR-155 and miR-146a in patients with AA and to correlate them with different clinical variables.

Patients and methods

MiR-155 and miR-146a serum levels were identified by real-time PCR in 50 patients with AA and 50 healthy age-matched and sex-matched patients as controls. Disease severity in the patients was assessed by Severity of Alopecia Tool score.

Results

There was a statistically significant increase in serum miR-155 and miR-146a levels in patients with AA than in controls. A significant increase in serum levels of miR-155 was found in patients with active disease and recurrent lesions of AA, whereas significant increase in serum level of miR-146a was found in patients with recurrent disease only. Significant positive correlations were found between serum miR-155 and miR-146a levels and disease severity.

Conclusion

Serum levels of miR-155 and miR-146a seem to have an essential role in the etiopathogenesis of AA and could be markers for severity and early detection of recurrent AA. In addition, serum miR-155 could be a marker of activity in AA, whereas serum miR-146a could be a marker of multiplicity. Further understanding of the function and regulation of miR-155 and miR-146a could be of great value for the introduction of new therapeutic approaches for AA.
Autophagy and skin diseases
Authors: El-Hanafy Ghada M. , Nada Hanan R. , Mousa Marwa F. , Elmasry Maha F.
Published: January 2021

Autophagy is an evolutionary maintained, extremely controlled lysosomal degradation process for cellular components, which is necessary for cellular homeostasis, viability, and maintenance. The authors aimed through this review to emphasize the crucial role of autophagy in different diseases, particularly in various skin diseases. The authors conclude from this review that the disturbance of the autophagy process could be an important etiopathogenic factor in many cutaneous disorders. This could open a new era in the understanding of the etiology of such diseases and, hence, their treatment.
Expression of liver X receptor-α in lesional and perilesional skin in patients with psoriasis vulgaris
Authors: Farag Azza G.A. , Maree Alaa H. , Samaka Rehab M. , Zalata Mai A.A. , Shehata Wafaa A.
Published: January 2021

Background

Psoriasis is a common chronic recurrent immune-mediated disease of the skin. Liver X receptor-alpha (LXR-α) is a member of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors. LXR-α was found to be expressed in the skin.

Objective

To assess immunohistochemical expression of LXR-α in psoriatic (perilesional and perilesional) skin compared with control and to correlate its expression with the clinical and histopathological parameters of that disease in the studied patients.

Patients and methods

This case–control study was carried out on 76 participants, including 38 patients having chronic plaque psoriasis, besides 38 age-matched and sex-matched apparently normal volunteers (control group). The severity of psoriasis was assessed by Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score. The skin biopsies were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining of LXR-α.

Results

There was a significant stepladder downregulation of LXR-α from control to perilesional psoriatic skin, ending with lesional psoriatic skin, regarding its expression and H score in epidermis and dermal elements (P<0.001 for all). In the dermis, LXR-α topography was cytoplasmic in all psoriatic (perilesional and lesional) skin sections (100%) versus 22.2% in controls, where it was nucleocytoplasmic in 28 (77.8%) sections. Moreover, epidermal keratinocytes LXR-α demonstrated cytoplasmic localization in nearly all psoriatic sections (100% lesional and 90.9% perilesional) versus 18.9% controls (P<0.001).

Conclusion

Decreased LXR-α in psoriatic tissue may participate actively in psoriasis. LXR-α agonist may be of value in psoriasis management program.
Clinical Determinants of Severe COVID-19 Disease – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sahu Ankit Kumar , Mathew Roshan , Aggarwal Praveen , Nayer Jamshed , Bhoi Sanjeev , Satapathy Swayamjeet , Ekka Meera
Published: January 2021

Background:

A systematic review and meta-analysis of available studies was performed to investigate the clinical characteristics that can predict COVID-19 disease severity.

Materials and Methods:

Databases including PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from December 31, 2019, to May 24, 2020. Random-effects meta-analysis was used for summarizing the Pooled odds ratio (pOR) of individual clinical characteristics to describe their association with severe COVID-19 disease.

Results:

A total of 3895 articles were identified, and finally, 22 studies comprising 4380 patients were included. Severe disease was more common in males than females (pOR: 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–1.70). Clinical features that were associated with significantly higher odds of severe disease were abdominal pain (pOR: 6.58, 95% CI: 1.56–27.67), breathlessness (pOR: 3.94, 95% CI: 2.55–6.07), and hemoptysis (pOR: 3.35, 95% CI: 1.05–10.74). pOR was highest for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (pOR: 2.92, 95% CI: 1.70–5.02), followed by obesity (pOR: 2.84, 95% CI: 1.19–6.77), malignancy (pOR: 2.38, 95% CI: 1.25–4.52), diabetes (pOR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.56–3.39), hypertension (pOR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.23–2.42), cardiovascular disease (pOR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.31–1.98) and chronic kidney disease (pOR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.06–2.02), for predicting severe COVID-19.

Conclusion:

Our analysis describes the association of specific symptoms and comorbidities with severe COVID-19 disease. Knowledge of these clinical determinants will assist the clinicians in the risk-stratification of these patients for better triage and clinical management.