bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of non‐pharmacological interventions on pain in wound patients during dressing change: A systematic review
Authors: Ma Yanfei , Li Yeping , Wang Chunyan , Zhang Yaqing , Wang Lihui , Hu Rong , Yin Yang , He Fang
Published: February 2024

Background

Changes to the wound dressing frequently cause pain. Some adverse side effects of pharmacologic pain management may cause problems or even impede wound healing. There is no systematic study of non‐pharmacologic therapies for pain during wound dressing changes, despite the gradual promotion of non‐pharmacologic pain reduction methods.

Objectives

To give clinical wound pain management a new direction, locating and assessing non‐pharmacological interventions regarding pain brought on by wound dressing changes are necessary.

Method

The researchers conducted a comprehensive literature review on non‐pharmacological interventions for pain during wound dressing changes across five databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library spanning the period from January 2010 to September 2022. The evaluation of literature and data extraction was carried out independently by two researchers, and in cases of disagreement, a third researcher participated in the deliberation. To assess the risk of bias in the literature, the researchers utilised the Cochrane Handbook for Reviews of Interventions, version 5.1.0.

Results

In total, 951 people were involved in 11 investigations covering seven non‐pharmacological therapies. For pain triggered by dressing changes, virtual reality (VR) distraction, auditory and visual distractions, foot reflexology, religious and spiritual care, and guided imaging demonstrated partially positive effects, with hypnosis therapy and jaw relaxation perhaps having a weak effect.

Conclusion

The key to managing wounds is pain management. According to our review, there is some indication that non‐pharmacologic interventions can help patients feel less discomfort when having their wound dressings changed. However, the evidence supporting this view is weak. It needs to be corroborated by future research studies with multicentre and large samples. To promote and use various non‐pharmacologic interventions in the future, it is also necessary to build standardised and homogenised paths for their implementation.
Shape‐controllable synthesis of mullite whisker and its effect on tribological behavior of resin‐based friction materials
Authors: Ji Zhengjia , Wang Shenqi , Luo Wanyue , Wu Hao , Li Xiaolei , Jin Hongyun , Hou Shuen
Published: February 2024

The development and design of fillers aid in improving the tribological performances of friction materials. Herein, the effects of the aspect ratio of mullite whisker on the tribological properties were studied. Mullite whiskers were prepared by the sol–gel process and the aspect ratio of the whisker was controlled by introducing aluminum fluoride (AlF3). The aspect ratio increased significantly at first and then decreased with increasing the contents of AlF3. The experimental results show that higher aspect ratio whiskers stabilized the friction coefficient while increased the wear rate. In addition, the composite with mullite whisker grown in excessive AlF3 (20%) resulted in a higher friction coefficient compared to adding inadequate AlF3 (10%). The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X‐Ray Spectroscopy (EDX) results indicated that higher aspect ratio of whisker was more likely to fall off from matrix which sequentially being compacted and formed contact plateaus during the friction process. In conclusion, it was found that abrasive wear and adhesive wear were the dominant wear mechanism.

Highlights

The aspect ratio of mullite whisker was controlled within the range of 6 ~ 21.

The tribological properties of whiskers reinforced composites were studied.

The morphology of the mullite whisker affects the friction stability.

The flaky mullite whisker can improve wear resistance of the composites.
A comprehensive review on the machining and joining characteristics of natural fiber‐reinforced polymeric composites
Authors: Varma Midhun , Chandran Sharan , Vijay Kumar Vishnu , Suyambulingam Indran , Siengchin Suchart
Published: February 2024

Natural fiber composites are gaining interest in many industries, particularly the automotive and aerospace industries. One of the critical secondary activities required to produce a near‐perfectly shaped product is machining. The majority of product components had to be assembled before they could be used. This article reviews the various conventional and non‐conventional machining processes and its influential parameters investigated by various researchers. Non‐traditional machining is now proving to be a better choice than traditional machining. Non‐traditional machining has several advantages, including the absence of thrust force, chatter or vibration, minimal tool wear, and lower frictional heat. Delamination is the major issue occurring in the conventional machining processes like drilling. Researchers are more focused on the non‐conventional machining processes like abrasive water jet machining. Joining of natural fiber reinforced composites is another aspect discussed in this article. Adhesive joining is the most preferable joining method in the natural composites. The joining technique is also influenced by the intricacy of the materials to be bonded. Microwave joining and induction joining processes are the new methods of natural composites joining. This review also covers the various joining processes in the natural reinforced composite materials.
Fully aminated rigid‐rod aromatic polyamide efficiently reinforces tetraglycidyl diamino diphenyl methane epoxy resin and its carbon fiber composite
Authors: Wang Weitao , Peng Mao , Wang Zhenwei , Liu Yu
Published: February 2024

Tetraglycidyl diamino diphenyl methane (TGDDM) and its carbon fiber composite are widely studied and used because of their heat resistance and high performance. In order to obtain efficient reinforcing effects in a simple manner, we adopt the idea of molecular composite—uniformly dispersing the rigid‐rod macromolecules in the TGDDM matrix. Herein, we prepared fully aminated‐poly(p‐phenylene terephthalamide) by direct polycondensation and hydrogenation reduction as the reinforcing agent. The fully aminated‐PPTA is distributed uniformly in the cross‐linked epoxy resin (EP) network by chemical bonds, and achieves efficient reinforcement. With the addition of only 0.5 wt% fully aminated‐PPTA, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of EP are improved to 127.7 ± 7.4 MPa (+28%) and 3.36 ± 0.15 GPa (+44%); the flexural strength and modulus are improved to 209.6 ± 9.4 MPa (+42%) and 3.70 ± 0.14 GPa (+37%); the notch impact strength is improved by 32%. Crucially, the heat resistance of EP almost remains unchanged. Furthermore, the flexural properties and interlaminar shear strength of the carbon fiber composite are also comprehensively increased. Compared with other modified fillers, the fully aminated‐PPTA is simple to prepare and blend, and is an efficient reinforcing agent for TGDDM and its carbon fiber composite benefitting from its rigid‐rod main chain and amino side groups.

Highlights

Molecular composite can achieve excellent strengthen and toughen effects.

Fully aminated‐PPTA is embedded uniformly in EP network by chemical bonds.

TGDDM is effectively reinforced without deteriorated heat resistance.

Fully aminated‐PPTA is also a comprehensive reinforcement for EP/CF composite.
Interface enhancement and distribution of carbon fibers in injection welding
Authors: Wu Haonan , Qiu Jianhui , Zhang Guohong , Sakai Eiichi , Zhao Wei , Tang Jianhua , Wu Hong , Guo Shaoyun
Published: February 2024

Injection welding is an excellent adhesive‐free bonding method for thermoplastic resins, demonstrating outstanding connection effectiveness. The incorporation of carbon fibers (CFs) significantly enhances the weld shear strength at the injection interface. This study aims to investigate the reinforcement effect of CF‐reinforced thermoplastic composites (CFRTP) during the injection welding process. And explore the influence of the amount of added CFs on the weld shear strength. Polyamide 6 (PA6)/CF composites with CF contents of 10 wt% and 30 wt% were subjected to injection welding for the first and second molding cycles, respectively. It was observed that the reinforcement effects varied considerably depending on the combinations studied. Under the optimal combination and process parameters, the weld shear strength of PA6/CF composites reached 63 MPa, equivalent to 90% of the shear strength (70 MPa) of the original PA6/CF material. Polarized light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were utilized to analyze the distribution of CFs at the interface and the reinforcing mechanism during tensile fracture. The significance of maintaining uniform CF content during the welding process of PA6/CF composites was emphasized.

Highlights

Preparation of PA6 composite materials with different carbon fiber contents.

Achieving high welding shear strength of composite materials through injection welding.

Identified the optimal injection welding conditions to achieve the highest strength.

The positive effect of specific fiber distribution on welding strength was analyzed.
Mathematical problem solving is modulated by word priming
Authors: Zhu Chuanlin , Zhang Zhao , Lyu Xiaoli , Wang Yun , Liu Dianzhi , Luo Wenbo
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to explore the influence of word priming on mathematical problem solving. In two experiments, participants were required to finish multiplication estimation tasks with a specified estimation strategy under different word priming conditions (Experiment 1: concrete words vs. Experiment 2: abstract words). The results showed that: (1) under the concrete word priming condition, in comparison to neutral, positive word priming improved accuracies (ACCs) when using a down‐up strategy (e.g., doing 40 × 80 = 3200 for 43 × 78), while both positive and negative word priming reduced reaction time (RT); (2) under the abstract word priming condition, both positive and negative (vs. neutral) abstract word priming reduced RTs, while individuals’ ACCs of completing the estimation task were not influenced by valence. The present study showed that whether concrete words or abstract words were adopted as experimental stimuli, participants’ performance of completing mathematical problems was modulated by the valence of the priming word, which led us to develop a better understanding of how arithmetic performance is influenced by word processing.
Synthesis and properties of phenolphthalein‐based thermoplastic poly(ether nitrile imide)s via aromatic nucleophilic substitution polymerization
Authors: Ma Gang , Fang Xingzhong , Chen Guofei
Published: February 2024

Aromatic nucleophilic substitution polymerization was used to synthesize five poly(ether nitrile imide)s (PENIs) that include benzonitrile and bulky cardo groups from a mixture of phenolphthalein (PP), 4,4′‐bis(4‐fluorophthalimide) diphenyl ether (4,4′‐BFPI), and 2,6‐difluorobenzonitrile (DFBN). The structure and properties relationship of PENIs with different ratios of DFBN and 4,4′‐BFPI was explored. It was found that the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PENIs decreased from 280 to 260°C, while the temperature of 5% thermal weight loss (T5%) in N2 increased from 429 to 453°C as the benzonitrile content in PENI increased. The produced PENI films had good mechanical characteristics, including tensile strengths of 103–112 MPa, elongations at break of 5.6%–8.2%, and tensile moduli of 2.9–3.4 GPa. Furthermore, the solubility and melt processability were also improved with the introduction of the benzonitrile group. Compared with poly(ether ketone imide)s (PEKIs) and poly(ether sulfone imide)s (PESIs), PENIs with benzonitrile displayed higher Tg, tensile modules, and lower complex viscosity.
Psychological safety among K‐12 educators: Patterns over time, and associations with staff well‐being and organizational context
Authors: Fleming Christopher M. , Calvert Hannah G. , Turner Lindsey
Published: February 2024

Psychological safety is a psychosocial construct that reflects an individual's perception of social risk in the work environment, and is related to employee performance and well‐being, including job satisfaction and burnout. Psychological safety remains relatively understudied among educators, including its patterns over time and relationships with other aspects of the school environment. This study explored patterns of psychological safety over 4 years among 769 staff at 20 rural K‐12 schools, before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic, and the associations of these patterns with work‐associated well‐being and organizational context outcomes. Repeated measures latent profile analyses identified a 3‐class solution of stable‐high (51.0%), stable‐medium (44.8%), and dynamic‐low (4.2%) psychological safety classes. Those in the stable‐high class had consistently better outcomes, including less burnout and greater self‐efficacy, and better perceived organizational context and climate, compared to other classes. Among educators, psychological safety is generally stable, and reliably differentiates other important outcomes. Interventions fostering greater psychological safety may improve perceptions of the school environment and reduce burnout.
Eight arguments why biodiversity is important to safeguard food security
Authors: Dannenberg Peter , Braun Boris , Greiner Clemens , Follmann Alexander , Haug Michaela , Semedi Hargo Yuwono Pujo , Stetter Markus , Widlok Thomas , Kopriva Stanislav
Published: February 2024

Societal Impact Statement

In the context of multiple crises, policymakers and practitioners prioritize the solving of certain challenges above others. In this context, supposedly purely environmental challenges like biodiversity loss have often been deprioritized and solutions to tackle them are publicly or quietly postponed (again and again). An example is the postponement of the EU “nature conservation package” in view of the threat of food shortages caused by the war in Ukraine. The following arguments outline why biodiversity loss is not only an environmental challenge but also a global societal challenge to safeguard global food security and why postponing biodiversity measures is not only bad for biodiversity but can also endanger food security itself.

Food security and biodiversity are often counterbalanced. However, we argue that preserving global biodiversity is crucial to safeguarding food security. We first generally outline that biodiversity can (1) support agricultural production, (2) mitigate negative effects of pollution, and (3) provide livelihood outcomes. We then, in particular, argue that biodiversity (4) provides diverse diets to fight hidden hunger, (5) is crucial for resilience against future food security risks, (6) is a precondition for future genetic modifications, (7) addresses the diversity of cultures, income and diets, and (8) is important for place‐sensitive food production. We conclude that “stop hunger first, then worry about diversity afterward” is not a sustainable option.
Tofacitinib pharmacokinetics in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Chang Cheng , Vong Camille , Wang Xiaoxing , Hazra Anasuya , Diehl Annette , Nicholas Timothy , Mukherjee Arnab
Published: February 2024

These analyses characterized tofacitinib pharmacokinetics (PKs) in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Data were pooled from phase I (NCT01513902), phase III (NCT02592434), and open‐label, long‐term extension (NCT01500551) studies of tofacitinib tablet/solution (weight‐based doses administered twice daily [b.i.d.]) in patients with JIA aged 2 to less than 18 years. Population PK modeling used a nonlinear mixed‐effects approach, with covariates identified using stepwise forward‐inclusion backward‐deletion procedures. Simulations were performed to derive dosing recommendations for children and adolescents with JIA. Two hundred forty‐six pediatric patients were included in the population PK model. A one‐compartment model with first‐order elimination and absorption with body weight as a covariate for oral clearance and apparent volume of distribution sufficiently described the data. Oral solution was associated with comparable average concentration (Cavg) and slightly higher (113.9%) maximum concentration (Cmax) versus tablet, which was confirmed by a subsequent randomized, open‐label, bioavailability study conducted in healthy adult participants (n = 12) by demonstrating adjusted geometric mean ratios (90% confidence interval) between oral solution and tablet of 1.04 (1.00–1.09) and 1.10 (1.00–1.21) for area under the curve extrapolated to infinity and Cmax, respectively (NCT04111614). A dosing regimen of 3.2 mg b.i.d. solution in patients 10 to less than 20 kg, 4 mg b.i.d. solution in patients 20 to less than 40 kg, and 5 mg b.i.d. tablet/solution in patients greater than or equal to 40 kg, irrespective of age, was proposed to achieve constant Cavg across weight groups. In summary, population PK characterization informed a simplified tofacitinib dosing regimen that has been implemented in pediatric patients with JIA.
Observer‐based event‐triggered distributed model predictive control for a class of nonlinear interconnected systems
Authors: Li Hongli , Su Baili , Guo Benshuai
Published: February 2024

In this paper, an observer‐based event‐triggered distributed model predictive control method is proposed for a class of nonlinear interconnected systems with bounded disturbances, considering unmeasurable states. First of all, the state observer is constructed. It is proved that the observation error is bounded. Second, distributed model predictive controller is designed by using observed value. Meanwhile, the event‐triggered mechanism is set by using the error between the actual output and the predicted output. The setting of event‐triggered mechanism not only ensures the error between the actual output and the predicted output within a certain range, but also reduces the calculation amounts of solving the optimization problem. The states of each subsystem enter the terminal invariant set by distributed model predictive control, and then are stabilized in the invariant set under the action of output feedback control law. In addition, sufficient conditions are given to ensure the feasibility of the algorithm and the stability of the closed‐loop system. Finally, the numerical example is given, and the simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Status and consensus: Heterogeneity in audience evaluations of female‐ versus male‐lead films
Authors: Stroube Bryan K. , Waguespack David M.
Published: February 2024

Research Summary

Extant research finds that status characteristics such as gender are frequently related to average quality evaluations by external audiences, but little is known about whether such characteristics are also related to consensus in quality evaluations. We examine 383 million film ratings by consumers to document that female‐lead movies elicit less consensus in quality evaluations than male‐lead movies. In split‐sample analyses, we find that male raters are more negative than female raters about female‐lead titles, and that the two audiences differ on dispersion and skew. A subsequent experiment helps distinguish between various mechanisms that might be driving these results, including actor sorting, audience sorting, and treatment effects on audience quality perceptions. Finally, we find that independent studios yield greater box office revenue from female‐lead movies.

Managerial Summary

Consumers often lack consensus about product quality. Does product gender‐typing influence perceived quality consensus? We examine this question in the film industry, where 28.5% of films from 1992 to 2018 had a female actor in the lead role. Using 383 million consumer ratings from a popular website, we find less consensus in ratings of female‐lead films compared to male‐lead films. Some of this effect stems from male audiences who, compared to female audiences, rate female‐lead films lower than male‐lead films and disagree more on their quality. We use an experiment with fictional AI‐generated movie plots and random lead‐actor gender to better understand what drives this effect. Finally, we find independent studios have higher box office revenue from female‐lead films.
Nanoarchitectonics toward Full Coverage of CdZnS Nanospheres by Layered Double Hydroxides for Enhanced Visible‐Light‐Driven H2 Evolution
Authors: Ming Yang , Cheng Zhixing , Shi Shuo , Su Jing , Io Weng‐Fu , Wu Hanbai , Li Jiashen , Fei Bin
Published: February 2024

Nanoarchitectonics of semiconductors shed light on efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution by precisely controlling the surface microenvironment of cocatalysts. Taking cadmium zinc sulfide (CZS) nanoparticles as a target, the spontaneous modifications are conducted by interactions between surface Cd2+/Zn2+ atoms and thiol groups in thioglycolic acid. The capping ligand impacts the semiconductor surface with a negative electronic environment, contributing to the full coverage of CZS by nickel‐cobalt hydroxides (NiCo‐LDHs) cocatalysts. The obtained core‐shell CZS@NiCo‐LDHs, possessing a shell thickness of ≈20 nm, exhibits a distinguished topology (SBET = 87.65m2 g−1), long surface carrier lifetime, and efficient charge‐hole separation. Further photocatalytic hydrogen evaluation demonstrates an enhanced H2 evolution rate of 18.75 mmol g−1 h−1 with an apparent quantum efficiency of 16.3% at 420 nm. The recorded catalytic performance of the core‐shell sample is 44.6 times higher than that of pure CZS nanospheres under visible light irradiation. Further density functional theory simulations indicate that sulfur atoms play the role of charge acceptor and surface Ni/Co atoms are electron donors, as well as a built‐in electric field effect can be established. Altogether, this work takes advantage of strong S affinity from surface metal atoms, revealing the interfacial engineering toward improved visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) activity.
Difference in Radial Direction of Lumpy Coke Sampling from Raceway of Large Blast Furnaces: Microstructure, Alkali Enrichment, and Solution Loss Reaction
Authors: She Yuan , Li Siqi , Zou Chong , Gao Yaqi , Wu Keng , Wu Hao
Published: February 2024

In this article, the morphology, chemical structure, alkali enrichment, and solution loss reactivity in the radial direction of the lumpy feed coke and its corresponding raceway coke from two large blast furnaces are comparatively using multiple characterization methods. The results indicate that the erosion of coke and pore development not only occurs on the surface but also in the center, which can be described as gradient reaction model. The enrichment level of K is higher than Na. K content decreases gradually from the edge to the center of the raceway coke, and the formation of nepheline causes cracks in coke observed by morphology. The crystallite order of the raceway coke is higher than that of the feed coke, with the enrichment of alkali metals, the raceway coke shows variability in the radial direction, and the orderliness gradually decreases from the surface to the interior. With the enrichment of alkali metals, the microcrystalline ordering of the raceway coke decreases from the surface to the interior, and the increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide after the entry into the raceway leads to the preferential reaction of the carbon dioxide with the coke matrix which contains K and many reactive sites.
Succession of the oral microbiome with the increasing severity of periodontitis
Authors: Mi Jun , Zhi Mengfan , Kang Wenyan , Liang Qianyu , Tang Di , Wang Ting , Song Wenjing , Sun Tianyong , Li Meihui , Shao Jinlong , Ge Shaohua , Feng Qiang
Published: February 2024

Periodontitis development is strongly associated with the succession of the oral microbiome. However, the knowledge about the succession of the oral microbiome in the development of periodontitis remains insufficient. In the present study, an analysis was conducted on the succession of tongue back, the saliva (Sal) microbiome, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from healthy individuals and patients with mild (CPL), moderate (CPM), severe chronic (CPH), and generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP). The composition and structure of the oral microbiome gradually changed with the increasing severity of periodontitis, among which GCF showed the highest correlation with periodontitis. With an ecological preference, pathogens in the mouth varied with the development of periodontitis. In healthy and CPL patients, Sal‐derived microorganisms accounted for a large proportion of GCF but exhibited a decrease in patients with CPM, CPH, and GAgP. Permutation and time course sequencing analysis revealed that a variety of microorganisms changed with the severity of periodontitis. A majority of these microorganisms are closely related to clinical periodontal indices. Ecological analysis suggested that the composition of oral microbial communities at different stages of periodontitis is controlled by random processes. The comparison of microbial interaction networks demonstrated that a series of key microorganisms drive oral health to severe periodontitis. In this study, the relationship between the succession process of the oral microbiota and the development of periodontitis was revealed.
Effect of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) hard capsules on in vitro rumen fermentation kinetics of commonly used feeds in ruminant feeding
Authors: Valcl Nejc , Lavrenčič Andrej
Published: February 2024

Background

Accurate dosing of feed additives is often required to evaluate their effects on rumen fermentation. This can be done using soluble but nonfermentable hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) hard capsules.

Objectives

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of HPMC hard capsules on the extent and rate of in vitro gas production in eleven feeds.

Methods

Six high‐fibre feeds and five concentrates, were weighed into syringes either directly or into HPMC capsules and incubated anaerobically in 30 mL buffered rumen fluid at 39°C. Data obtained from gas production measurements were fitted using the Gompertz model to obtain kinetic parameters for gas production.

Results

HPMC hard capsules had no effect on the gas production of the blank sample and concentrate feeds. In contrast, high‐fibre feeds weighed in HPMC showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in total gas production and gas produced within 24 h of incubation.

Conclusions

The use of HPMC hard capsules was found to be inappropriate for determining gas production kinetics because fermentation subsides at a certain point when peak fermentation is reached (at TMFR), resulting in a decrease in both total potential gas production and gas production within 24 h of incubation. This is particularly evident when high‐fibre feeds are incubated.
Intussusception secondary to retroflexion of a proximal jejunal diverticulum, leading to Type 3 vagal indigestion with severe hypochloraemia in an adult Simmental bull (Bos taurus)
Authors: Wilson Liam A. , Kelly Rob F. , Philbey Adrian W.
Published: February 2024

Intussusception is a rare but well‐described cause of intestinal obstruction in several species, including cattle, and is often associated with enteritis, intestinal parasitism or intestinal neoplasia. Clinical signs are non‐specific and include anorexia with reduced faecal output. This report describes a 4‐year‐old Simmental bull that presented with anorexia and reduced faecal output, along with severe ruminal bloat and a large, dilated intestinal loop palpated rectally. Serum biochemistry identified severe hypochloraemia, consistent with proximal intestinal obstruction and a poor prognosis. Although supportive and symptomatic treatment was provided, the bull died before a definitive diagnosis could be made. Postmortem examination identified a segmental intestinal intussusception, within the proximal jejunum, which had resulted in intestinal obstruction. The primary cause of this intussusception was a retroflexed intestinal diverticulum, which formed the intussusceptum.
Diagnosis of lymphoma based on magnetic resonance imaging, analysis of cerebrospinal fluid, intraocular fluid and fine‐needle aspirate of a uveal mass lesion in a dog
Authors: Santifort Koen M. , Plonek Marta , Kraijer‐Huver Ingrid , Garosi Laurent , Rothacker Tatiana , Mandigers Paul
Published: February 2024

A 10.5‐year‐old, male, entire labrador retriever dog was presented for chronic progressive ataxia and recent onset of a left‐sided head tilt and salivation. Neurological examination findings were deemed consistent with a multifocal brain and spinal cord neuroanatomic localisation. Ophthalmological examination of the right eye revealed pupil shape abnormality (dyscoria), a pale uveal mass lesion and white cellular sediment in the anterior chamber. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, eyes, thoracolumbar and lumbosacral spinal cord and surrounding structures showed multiple lesions affecting the central nervous system (brain), peripheral nervous system (left trigeminal nerve) and right eye. Cerebrospinal fluid, right eye anterior chamber fluid and fine‐needle aspirate biopsy of the uveal mass lesion yielded a cytological diagnosis of lymphoma (suspected large granular lymphocytic). The dog was discharged with palliative treatment and euthanased at home 4 days later. This case report documents the cytological diagnosis of lymphoma in the cerebrospinal fluid, intraocular fluid and fine‐needle aspirate of a uveal mass in a dog.
Bilateral scapular luxation, and subsequent stabilisation, following surgical excision of recurrent interscapular feline injection site sarcoma
Authors: Gosling Mark , Frapwell Emily
Published: February 2024

A 14‐year‐old cat presented with multifocal local recurrence of an interscapular feline injection site sarcoma. Aggressive surgical excision of the initial neoplasm had been performed 16 months previously. Distant metastasis was not identified on repeat staging, and the recurrent gross disease was surgically removed with a 2‐cm peripheral margin and one deep tissue plane, resulting in clear histopathological margins. Bilateral dorsal scapular luxation occurred following this surgery, causing significant patient morbidity. A further procedure was performed to stabilise the scapulae by re‐attaching the serratus ventralis muscles and placing scapulo‐costal sutures. The cat regained excellent function and quality of life and is free of gross disease at the time of writing this report, 9 months following surgery for feline injection site sarcoma recurrence.
Anwendungsberichte über den industriellen Einsatz der Mixed Reality im Maschinen- und Anlagenbau
Authors: Sprung Ulf , Celofiga Thomas , Goller Dario , Hönig Jana , Schnierle Marc , von Bergen Timm , Röck Sascha
Published: February 2024

Visualisierungs- und Interaktionsmethoden der Mixed Reality, wie beispielsweise Augmented Reality oder Virtual Reality, eröffnen neuartige Anwendungspotenziale im Maschinen- und Anlagenbau. In diesem Beitrag werden Mehrwerte der Mixed Reality sowie praxisnahe Anwendungsszenarien aus Perspektive von zwei Maschinenbau-Unternehmen präsentiert. Während die topex GmbH in diesem Beitrag den Entwicklungsprozess kundenindividueller Anlagen und die Schulung von Fachpersonal mittels Mixed Reality im Sondermaschinenbau fokussiert, präsentiert die Schuler Pressen GmbH Einsatzszenarien im Produktentstehungszyklus sowie im Betrieb von Werkzeugmaschinen.
Anforderungen und Methoden für die Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation zur Virtuellen Inbetriebnahme von Produktionssystemen
Authors: Röck Sascha , Pritschow† Günter
Published: February 2024

Hoher Wettbewerbsdruck und kurze Produktentwicklungszyklen erfordern den Einsatz hochgradig automatisierter und dadurch komplexer Produktionsanlagen. Zur Beherrschbarkeit dieser Komplexität kommen moderne Steuerungssysteme zum Einsatz, deren Funktionalität häufig erst an der realen Anlage getestet werden kann. Eine gängige Methode um frühzeitig Steuerungsfunktionen virtuell testen und in Betrieb nehmen zu können, ist die Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation (HiLS). Dabei wird die reale Steuerung (Hardware) mit einer echtzeitfähigen Anlagensimulation gekoppelt und gegen das virtuelle Anlagenverhalten getestet. Dieser Beitrag erläutert einige Grundlagen und Herausforderungen für den Einsatz einer HiLS zur Virtuellen Inbetriebnahme von realen Steuerungssystemen.
Räumliche Kraftmessung und -regelung mit strukturintegrierter Sensorik in Hexapoden
Authors: Friedrich Christian , Müller Jens , Ihlenfeldt Steffen
Published: February 2024

Strukturintegrierte Kraftsensorik besitzt zahlreiche Vorteile gegenüber klassischen Ansätzen zur Kraftmessung. Gleichzeitig wirken jedoch prozess- und strukturbedingte Einflüsse auf die Kraftsensoren, die in Abhängigkeit der Sensorposition durch ein Messmodell kompensiert werden müssen. Für dynamische Messungen während der Maschinenbewegung müssen diese Messmodelle zwingend in Echtzeit im Steuerungskern laufen und weiterhin durch ein Verfahren zur Parameteridentifikation schnell und einfach an der betriebsbereiten Maschine aktualisiert werden können. Ausgehend von einer systematischen Einordnung möglicher Messsystemvarianten werden die notwendigen Messmodelle und Varianten ihrer Steuerungsintegration vorgestellt. Den Abschluss bildet die Verwendung der integrierten Sensorik für die Kraftregelung und ihre steuerungstechnische Umsetzung in einer kommerziellen Werkzeugmaschinensteuerung.
Echtzeit-Co-Simulation von Produktionsanlagen
Authors: Scheifele Christian , Verl Alexander
Published: February 2024

Bei der virtuellen Planung, Auslegung und Inbetriebnahme steigen die Anforderungen an die Aussagekraft Digitaler Zwillinge, um eine umfassende Absicherung und Auslegung im digitalen Entwicklungsprozess zu erreichen. Die Zunahme der Modellkomplexität eines Digitalen Zwillings stellt die Echtzeitsimulation durch den steigenden Berechnungsaufwand vor neue Herausforderungen. Dieser Beitrag stellt eine Plattform zur Echtzeit-Co-Simulation von Digitalen Zwillingen für die Virtuelle Inbetriebnahme vor. Die im Beitrag vorgestellte parallelisierte Modellberechnung auf Basis einer Co-Simulationsarchitektur beabsichtigt die zur Modellberechnung nutzbare Rechenleistung zu steigern. Der Beitrag führt (i) in die Integration leistungsfähiger technologiespezifischer Simulationslösungen durch Integrationsschnittstellen und (ii) die Echtzeit-Co-Simulation von Produktionsanlagen auf Basis von Partitionierungs-, Parallelisierungs-, Synchronisations- und Datenaustauschmechanismen ein.
Open Educational Practices (OEPs) for Research Skill Development with In-Service School Teachers
Authors: Brown Barbara , Jacobsen Michele , Roberts Verena , Hurrell Christie , Travers Mia , Neutzling Nicole
Published: February 2024

In this chapter, we discuss open educational practices (OEPs) that Teacher Educators (TEs) used to facilitate in-service schoolteachers’ (I-STs’) research thinking. The majority of graduate students in the program held teaching roles in K-12 or educational development and training roles in adult learning contexts. OEPs are participatory and collaborative learning opportunities based on social constructivist principles used in a component of a fully online Master’s program in Education offered by a research university situated on the Canadian prairie. The I-STs in the program were situated as scholars of the profession and were provided with structured learning opportunities to help develop research-based skills (Brown et al. in Open Educational Practices (OEP) create conditions for learning in a graduate school, 2022; Jacobsen et al. in J Univ Teach Learn Pract 15(4):1–18, 2018). Results from our study indicate that responsive teaching is integral to OEP and can help I-STs develop research skills and research thinking.
Validation of Distinct Bladder Pain Phenotypes Utilizing the MAPP Research Network Cohort
Authors: Nettey Oluwarotimi Sewedo , Gu Cindy , Jackson Nicholas James , Ackerman A. Lenore
Published: February 2024

Introduction and Hypothesis

As interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) likely represents multiple pathophysiologies, we sought to validate three clinical phenotypes of IC/BPS patients in a large, multi-center cohort using unsupervised machine learning (ML) analysis.

Methods

Using the female Genitourinary Pain Index and O’Leary-Sant Indices, k-means unsupervised clustering was utilized to define symptomatic phenotypes in 130 premenopausal IC/BPS participants recruited through the Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic Pelvic Pain (MAPP) research network. Patient-reported symptoms were directly compared between MAPP ML-derived phenotypic clusters to previously defined phenotypes from a single center (SC) cohort.

Results

Unsupervised ML categorized IC/BPS participants into three phenotypes with distinct pain and urinary symptom patterns: myofascial pain, non-urologic pelvic pain, and bladder-specific pain. Defining characteristics included presence of myofascial pain or trigger points on examination for myofascial pain patients (p = 0.003) and bladder pain/burning for bladder-specific pain patients (p < 0.001). The three phenotypes were derived using only 11 features (fGUPI subscales and ICSI/ICPI items), in contrast to 49 items required previously. Despite substantial reduction in classification features, unsupervised ML independently generated similar symptomatic clusters in the MAPP cohort with equivalent symptomatic patterns and physical examination findings as the SC cohort.

Conclusions

The reproducible identification of IC/BPS phenotypes, distinguishing bladder-specific pain from myofascial and genital pain, using independent ML analysis of a multicenter database suggests these phenotypes reflect true pathophysiologic differences in IC/BPS patients.
Entanglement Monogamy via Multivariate Trace Inequalities
Authors: Berta Mario , Tomamichel Marco
Published: February 2024

Entropy is a fundamental concept in quantum information theory that allows to quantify entanglement and investigate its properties, for example its monogamy over multipartite systems. Here, we derive variational formulas for relative entropies based on restricted measurements of multipartite quantum systems. By combining these with multivariate matrix trace inequalities, we recover and sometimes strengthen various existing entanglement monogamy inequalities. In particular, we give direct, matrix-analysis-based proofs for the faithfulness of squashed entanglement by relating it to the relative entropy of entanglement measured with one-way local operations and classical communication, as well as for the faithfulness of conditional entanglement of mutual information by relating it to the separably measured relative entropy of entanglement. We discuss variations of these results using the relative entropy to states with positive partial transpose, and multipartite setups. Our results simplify and generalize previous derivations in the literature that employed operational arguments about the asymptotic achievability of information-theoretic tasks.
Optimal Gevrey Regularity for Supercritical Quasi-Geostrophic Equations
Authors: Li Dong
Published: February 2024

We consider the two dimensional surface quasi-geostrophic equations with super-critical dissipation. For large initial data in critical Sobolev and Besov spaces, we prove optimal Gevrey regularity endowed with the same decay exponent as the linear part. This settles several open problems in Biswas (J Differ Equ 257(6):1753–1772, 2014), Biswas et al. (J Funct Anal 269(10):3083–3119, 2015).
Osteosarcopenia: Prevalence and 10-Year Fracture and Mortality Risk – A Longitudinal, Population-Based Study of 75-Year-Old Women
Authors: Paulin Tine Kolenda , Malmgren Linnea , McGuigan Fiona E , Akesson Kristina E
Published: February 2024

Osteosarcopenia is the coexistence of low bone mass and sarcopenia. In older women, its prevalence is not well described, and it is unknown if sarcopenia is additive to low bone mass for fracture and mortality risk. The study investigated prevalence of osteosarcopenia and if osteosarcopenia is associated with higher fracture and mortality risk than low bone mass alone in older community-dwelling women. The longitudinal, population-based OPRA Cohort (n = 1044), all aged 75 at inclusion, followed for 10 years. Using WHO and EWGSOP2 definitions for low bone mass (T-score < −1.0 femoral neck) and sarcopenia (knee strength; appendicular lean muscle mass) women were categorized (1) Normal, (2) Low bone mass (LBM), and 3) Osteosarcopenia (probable; confirmed). Risk of hip, major osteoporotic fracture, and mortality were estimated. Osteosarcopeniaconfirmed prevalence increased from age 75 to 80 and 85 from 3.0% (29/970) to 4.9% (32/656) to 9.2% (33/358) but prevalence is potentially 2–4 times higher (11.8%, 13.4%, 20.3%) based on osteosarcopeniaprobable. Having osteosarcopeniaprobable significantly increased 10-year risk of hip fracture (HRadj 2.67 [1.34–5.32]), major osteoporotic fracture (HRadj 2.04 [1.27–3.27]), and mortality (HRadj 1.91 [1.21–3.04]). In contrast, LBM increased osteoporotic fracture risk (HRadj 2.08 [1.46–2.97], but not hip fracture (HRadj 1.62 [0.92–2.85]) or mortality (HRadj 0.94 [0.64–1.38]). Median time-to-hip fracture was 7.6 years (normal), 6.0 years (LBM), and 5.7 years (osteosarcopeniaprobable). Prevalence of confirmed osteosarcopenia is almost 10% at age 85. Probable osteosarcopenia significantly increased risk of hip and major osteoporotic fractures and mortality more so than low bone mass alone.
Sensing chemical-induced DNA damage using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene-deletion yeast-reporter strains
Authors: Yamamoto Kosuke , Tochikawa Shintaro , Miura Yuuki , Matsunobu Shogo , Hirose Yuu , Eki Toshihiko
Published: February 2024

Microorganism-based genotoxicity assessments are vital for evaluating potential chemical-induced DNA damage. In this study, we developed both chromosomally integrated and single-copy plasmid–based reporter assays in budding yeast using a RNR3 promoter–driven luciferase gene. These assays were designed to compare the response to genotoxic chemicals with a pre-established multicopy plasmid–based assay. Despite exhibiting the lowest luciferase activity, the chromosomally integrated reporter assay showed the highest fold induction (i.e., the ratio of luciferase activity in the presence and absence of the chemical) compared with the established plasmid-based assay. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we generated mutants with single- or double-gene deletions, affecting major DNA repair pathways or cell permeability. This enabled us to evaluate reporter gene responses to genotoxicants in a single-copy plasmid–based assay. Elevated background activities were observed in several mutants, such as mag1Δ cells, even without exposure to chemicals. However, substantial luciferase induction was detected in single-deletion mutants following exposure to specific chemicals, including mag1Δ, mms2Δ, and rad59Δ cells treated with methyl methanesulfonate; rad59Δ cells exposed to camptothecin; and mms2Δ and rad10Δ cells treated with mitomycin C (MMC) and cisplatin (CDDP). Notably, mms2Δ/rad10Δ cells treated with MMC or CDDP exhibited significantly enhanced luciferase induction compared with the parent single-deletion mutants, suggesting that postreplication and for nucleotide excision repair processes predominantly contribute to repairing DNA crosslinks. Overall, our findings demonstrate the utility of yeast-based reporter assays employing strains with multiple-deletion mutations in DNA repair genes. These assays serve as valuable tools for investigating DNA repair mechanisms and assessing chemical-induced DNA damage.

Key points

• Responses to genotoxic chemicals were investigated in three types of reporter yeast.

• Yeast strains with single- and double-deletions of DNA repair genes were tested.

• Two DNA repair pathways predominantly contributed to DNA crosslink repair in yeast.
Electrochemical and optical properties of poly(4-(4-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)phenyl)-4H-dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrrole
Authors: Bezgin Carbas Buket , Ergin Nurseli Mislina , Yildiz Huseyin Bekir , Kivrak Arif
Published: February 2024

A novel dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrrole (DTP) derivative, namely, 4-(4-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)phenyl)-4H-dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrrole (DTP-Ph-Pyr) was synthesized, and its corresponding polymer (P(DTP-Ph-Pyr)) was successfully obtained via electrochemical polymerization. Electrochemical and optical properties of this novel polymer were discussed in detail. It was found that the polymer film also exhibited a reversible electrochromic behavior (orange color in the neutral state and blue color in the oxidized state) with a high optical contrast (52.5% at 950 nm) and coloration efficiency (123 cm2/C at 950 nm). Moreover, the electrochemical and optical properties of the polymer were compared with both its electrochromic P(DTP) analogues and its sister polymer structure, poly(1-(4-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)phenyl)-2,5-di(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrrole) (P(SNS-Ph-Pyr)), possessing same subunit.

Graphical abstract
Neurodevelopmental evaluation of children who were operated due to congenital anomaly with the ‘Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ)’ and ‘ASQ: Social–Emotional’
Authors: Turedi Bilge , Gollu Gulnur , Ates Ufuk , Kose Kenan , Oner Ozgur , Bingol-Kologlu Meltem , Yagmurlu Aydin , Aktug Tanju , Dindar Huseyin , Cakmak Murat
Published: February 2024

Background

The purpose of surgeries performed for congenital anomalies in children is to increase the survival rates and provide a developmental comparison to that of their peers.

Aim

The objective of this study was to investigate the development of children following surgery for congenital anomalies and the risk factors affecting their development.

Methods

Our study included 33 children who underwent surgery for gastrointestinal anomalies in our clinic between 2011 and 2016, and did not have any syndrome, chromosomal abnormality, or additional abnormality. Developmental levels were evaluated using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) and the ASQ: Social–Emotional (ASQ: SE) scales adapted for the use on Turkish children. Data on patient history were obtained retrospectively from patient files.

Results

The study included 33 patients, including 11 with esophageal atresia, 6 with intestinal atresia, 11 with anorectal malformation, and 5 with Hirschsprung's disease. Developmental delay was found in the ASQ of 72.7% of the patients and the ASQ: SE tool was 27% of the patients. The rate of patients with scores below the threshold from each parameter of ASQ was higher than that of the normal population (p < 0.05). Development delay was detected using the ASQ scale in 100% of those with microcephaly at birth, in 91% of premature infants born between 1500 and 2500 g, and in 83.3% of those with low birth weight to gestational age.

Conclusions

In children who underwent surgery due to congenital anomalies, an evaluation through developmental tests, a post-surgical follow-up process, and a referral to the relevant disciplines when necessary may increase the success of surgery as well as increase the life quality of the patient.