bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MARKETING OF ONLINE AND CDROM DATABASES
Authors: King Carol , Oppenheim Charles
Published: January 2008

This paper reports the results of a survey of UK electronic information vendors regarding the importance of marketing to them, and reports the results of an examination of the readability, structure and information content of a sample of marketing materials produced by electronic information vendors. This analysis was of advertisements from professional journals and direct mail literature comprising leaflets, folders and brochures. The results demonstrated that the ‘average’ adult ought to have no problem in reading and understanding the marketing literature. Additionally, this study demonstrated that the marketing literature is feature‐oriented. Benefits are of much lesser significance. The UK‐based electronic information industry regards marketing as of crucial importance and believes that the marketplace is becoming more competitive. The favoured promotional techniques of the industry are identified.
PATENTLY PREDICTABLE
Authors: Sibley Jim
Published: January 2008

I remember a story of two businessmen looking out of an office window at a man carrying a billboard with the message The End of the World is Nigh on it and one saying to the other,‘ it's not the message I mind, it's the way he keeps looking at his watch.’ We have always had our fair share of prophets predicting imminent doom and gloom in the patent field but they have been wrong so far and I doubt that things will change much in the next six years. Despite the massive increase in electronic handling of all forms of data, patent systems throughout the world have both age and stability on their side and I predict that for most users the patent scene in the year 2000 will be very much like it is now.
END‐USER SEARCHING
Authors: Casale Michael
Published: January 2008

Changing access. The scene for the session was set by a paper presented by Harry East of the Centre for Communication and Information Studies (CCIS), University of Westminster, UK, which had been co‐authored with his colleague Yvette Tilson. This brought together material from the past five years of a continuing study about information access within the academic sector. The sampling panel comprised the same 15 academic institutions throughout the 1988–92 survey period.
PRICING STRATEGIES FOR CDROM PRODUCTS
Authors: Rowley J.E.
Published: January 2008

Pricing strategies for subscriptions and licenses to CDROM are amazingly complex. In general the supplier seeks to achieve as high a revenue as possible from a given product. CDROM pricing strategies have two distinct aspects: prices charged for single user use and prices charged for network use. Examples are given of different pricing strategies available from different suppliers for both single user use and network use. Pricing strategies are currently very complex. Market forces and increased maturity of the market‐place are likely to lead to simpler pricing strategies.
NAME AUTHORITY FILES AND HUMANITIES DATABASE SEARCHING
Authors: Spink Amanda , Leatherbury Maurice
Published: January 2008

Individual name searching has been identified as a problem for users when searching online and CDROM databases, particularly humanities databases. This paper reports results of a study which suggests that name authority files have the potential to improve retrieval during individual name searching.
THE INTERNET: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE INFORMATION INDUSTRY AND DATABASE PROVIDERS
Authors: Williams Martha E.
Published: January 2008

There are seven parts to my discussion of the internet and its implications for the information industry, and for data‐base producers in particular:
NEW DATABASE PRODUCTS: BUSINESS AND LAW (ISSUE 3)
Authors: Williams Martha E. , McDougal Sarah H.
Published: January 2008

This is the third article on Business and Law (BSL) Databases in a continuing series of articles summarizing and commenting on new database products. Two companion articles, one covering science, technology and medicine (STM) (Online & CDROM Review vol. 18 issue 1) and the other covering social science, humanities, news and general (SSH) (Online & CDROM Review vol. 18 issue 2) complement this article. The articles are based on the newly appearing database products in the Gale Directory of Databases. The Gale Directory of Databases (GDD) was created in January 1993 by merging Computer‐Readable Databases: A Directory and Data Sourcebook (CRD) together with the Directory of Online Databases (DOD) and the Directory of Portable Databases (DPD).
ELECTRONIC PUBLISHING, A NEW WAY TO USE THE INTERNET AND NEWS FROM MICROSOFT: DISCUSSION AT THE NATIONAL ONLINE MEETING
Authors: Rowlands Charles
Published: January 2008

May's National Online Meeting in New York included sessions on the future for newspapers in the age of electronic delivery, the possible death knell for copyright as we know it, and the way ahead for Microsoft's internal information network. Charles Rowlands reports.
INFORMATION AGENTS
Authors: Blake Paul
Published: January 2008

France Telecom, the owner of Questel ORBIT, has become the latest large company to invest in intelligent information agents which are promising to revolutionise the way online services are searched. In France Telecom's case, it has picked a business with some pedigree — General Magic, in which it has just taken a minority stake, was spun off from Apple and now numbers AT&T, Motorola and Sony among its investors. Based in California, it employs just 120 staff but is at the cutting edge in the race to develop information agents — software that can retrieve data intelligently from multiple information sources without any human intervention.
NEWS ROUNDUP
Authors: Blake Paul
Published: January 2008

Mead Data Central up for sale. Mead Data Central has been put up for sale by its parent Mead Corp., which wants to concentrate on its core forestry business. Mead has not put a price tag on how much it will ask for MDC, which earned $50 million on revenues of $551 million last year. Mead itself posted profits of $124 million on sales of $4.79 billion last year.
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND MEDICINE (ISSUE 4)
Authors: Williams Martha E. , Smith Linda C.
Published: January 2008

This is the fourth article on Science, Technology and Medicine (STM) Databases in a continuing series of articles summarizing and commenting on new database products. Two companion articles, one covering social science, humanities, news and general (SSH) (Online & CDROM Review vol. 18 issue 5), and the other covering business and law (BSL) (Online & CDROM Review vol. 18 issue 6) will appear in the next two issues of this journal. The articles are based on the newly appearing database products in the Gale Directory of Databases. The Gale Directory of Databases (GDD) was created in January 1993 by merging Computer‐Readable Databases: A Directory and Data Sourcebook (CRD) together with the Directory of Online Databases (DOD) and the Directory of Portable Databases (DPD).
TEACHING ONLINE
Authors: Dyer Hilary
Published: January 2008

The past. Exactly 10 years ago to the day (as this is being written), the author began teaching in information and library studies. At that time, the main computing resource was a small minicomputer hidden in a separate room to which several dumb terminals in a teaching laboratory were attached. A mile away at the other end of campus there was another teaching laboratory of teletype terminals — terminals which used paper rolls rather than display screens, with the result that the used paper cascaded onto the floor at the back of the machine. This had the two disadvantages (among others) of destroying forests and of not allowing students to hide their errors from the eyes of their tutors.
NEWS ROUNDUP
Authors: Blake Paul
Published: January 2008

UMI goes online. The information industry is going through some dramatic changes and this is well illustrated by the unveiling of a new service from UMI. It is to launch an online service which combines images of newspaper and magazine articles with ASCII text, and intends selling it directly to users from early next year. It has also offered gateway access to its existing third‐party vendors, Data‐Star Dialog and Mead Data Central, as well as other hosts.
SOCIAL SCIENCE, HUMANITIES, NEWS AND GENERAL (ISSUE 4)
Authors: Williams Martha E. , Sutton Ellen , Sutton Brett
Published: January 2008

This is the fourth article on Social Science, Humanities, News and General (SSH) Databases in a continuing series of articles summarizing and commenting on new database products. Two companion articles, one covering science, technology and medicine (STM) (Online & CDROM Review vol. 18 issue 4) and the other covering business and law (BSL) (Online & CDROM Review vol. 18 issue 6) complement this article. The articles are based on the newly appearing database products in the most current edition of the Gale Directory of Databases. The Gale Directory of Databases (GDD) was created in January 1993 by merging Computer‐Readable Databases: A Directory and Data Sourcebook (CRD) with the Directory of Online Databases (DOD) and the Directory of Portable Databases (DPD).
SOME THOUGHTS AND PREDICTIONS
Authors: Koenig Michael E.D.
Published: January 2008

We have recently begun the third stage of the electronic information revolution — what we will probably come to call the Internet Age. This may seem pretty obvious, but let me try to present it in a fashion that perhaps makes it more compelling and hints more effectively at what the consequences will be.
TARGET 2000 — THE NEXT FIVE YEARS
Authors: Keenan Stella
Published: January 2008

When this column was started two years ago it was established as an exercise in forecasting, with contributors being invited to shoot arrows at the year 2000 and predict what would happen in a particular field of interest by the turn of the century. In addition, it is also intended to use it as a ‘floating Delphi’, as contributors may be asked to revise their predictions in the intervening period. It is still the intention that these revisions will be requested and they will probably start next year — the mid point of the seven year run‐up to target date.
SOCIAL SCIENCE, HUMANITIES, NEWS AND GENERAL (ISSUE 5)
Authors: Williams Martha E. , Sutton Ellen , Sutton Brett
Published: January 2008

This is the fifth article on Social Science, Humanities, News and General (SSH) databases in a continuing series of articles summarising and commenting on new database products. Two companion articles, one covering science, technology and medicine (STM) (Online & CDROM Review, vol. 19 issue 1) appeared in the February 1995 issue, and the other covering business and law (BSL) (Online & CDROM Review, vol. 19 issue 3) will appear in the June issue of this journal. The articles are based on the newly appearing database products in the Gale Directory of Databases. The Gale Directory of Databases (GDD) was created in January 1993 by merging Computer‐Readable Databases: A Directory and Data Sourcebook (CRD) together with the Directory of Online Databases (DOD) and the Directory of Portable Databases (DPD).
NEWS ROUNDUP
Authors: Blake Paul
Published: January 2008

EC unveils it information industry vision. The European Union. has unveiled the latest stage of its programme to help the European information industry. The Info2000 programme, the successor to IMPACT, includes proposals aimed at improving access to public information and stimulating private investment in the multimedia industry — defined as encapsulating both text and image‐based services. If adopted by the EU, the programme will begin early next year
BUSINESS AND LAW (ISSUE 5)
Authors: Williams Martha E. , McDougal Sarah
Published: January 2008

This is the fifth article on Business and Law (BSL) databases in a continuing series of articles summarising and commenting on new database products. Two companion articles have appeared, one covering science, technology and medicine (STM) (Online & CDROM Review, vol. 19 issue 1) in the February 1995 issue and the other covering the social sciences and humanities (SSH) (Online & CDROM Review, vol. 19 issue 2) in the April issue of this journal. The articles are based on the newly appearing database products in the Gale Directory of Databases. The Gale Directory of Databases (GDD) was created in January 1993 by merging Computer‐Readable Databases: A Directory and Data Sourcebook (CRD) together with the Directory of Online Databases (DOD) and the Directory of Portable Databases (DPD).
AN INFORMATION PROFESSIONAL FACES THE FUTURE
Authors: Desmarais Norman
Published: January 2008

The last decade has seen the closing of several schools of library and information science in the US, including prestigious ones like those of Columbia University and Case‐Western Reserve. The high costs of maintaining such programmes partly accounts for this change. Decreasing enrolment presents another factor. Fewer students perceive library and information science as an economically attractive profession. Expected beginning salaries balanced against the requirements in subject, language or technical expertise have prompted many prospective candidates to enrol in other programmes that promise them a greater return for their education dollars.
ONLINE PAYMENT MECHANISMS
Authors: Hyams Peter
Published: January 2008

‘Imagine the situation where an electronic purse is built into your PC. At the instant you access an information resource you see in the corner of your screen “$0.75 fee: accept or reject?”: you hit the enter key and the 75 cents is instantly whisked from your electronic purse to the information producer's purse. In this scheme there are no publishers, no clearing houses, no settlements and no overheads.’
TOLLBOOTHS, NOT BILLBOARDS: THE PARADIGM FOR INTERNET BUSINESS
Authors: Birch David G.W.
Published: January 2008

Money in general, and cash in particular, is not a fixed and independent entity. Cash has always changed its nature to reflect the requirements for its use. As society has shifted from the predominantly agricultural ‘first wave’ through a predominantly industrial ‘second wave’ to the information‐based ‘third wave’, so cash has mutated to meet the needs of society. The relationship between the needs of commerce and the nature of cash is, however, one of feedback and reinforcement: the development of paper money, for example, not only supported but drove the development of banking systems to facilitate widespread commerce. Developments in IT mean that the ability to maintain property rights and exchange cash in ‘cyberspace’ is now feasible. Thus, as the infobahn causes shifts in demand for commerce and banking services, these shifts will feed back and accelerate changes in the nature of commerce. The widespread implementation of electronic property rights and electronic cash (e‐cash) — the former linked to personal and corporate identities, the latter anonymous — will therefore catalyse change in banking and commerce. This article draws on some of Hyperion's recent experience in helping to develop the Mondex e‐cash scheme (and other projects, ranging from the re‐engineering of financial institutions to procuring advanced communications networks for developing countries) and attempts to extrapolate and speculate to help businesses plan for the future
A COMPARISON OF THE ACADEMIC INDEX ON CDROM WITH FOUR WILSON INDEXES ON THE OPAC
Authors: Miller Betty
Published: January 2008

Brooklyn College (BC) is a senior college in the City University of New York (CUNY) system. It confers Bachelors and Masters degrees and cooperates with the CUNY Graduate Center in conferring PhD degrees. In the spring of 1993, approximately 12 000 undergraduates and 500 graduate students were enrolled. The BC library serves all these students plus faculty and staff.
MULTIMEDIA DOCUMENT DELIVERY — THE BIRTH OF A NEW INDUSTRY
Authors: Barden Philip
Published: January 2008

The exponential growth of the World Wide Web in terms of sites and of users has created an environment in which the basic mechanisms of how information should be best represented and transmitted to end‐users must be re‐examined.
PREPARING PAGES FOR THE WORLD WIDE WEB
Authors: Spear B.J.
Published: January 2008

The World Wide Web is the hypertext/graphic images part of the Internet, and forms an ideal medium for organisations to advertise their goods and services and, if desired, to engage in electronic trading. The contents of the Web pages are therefore of crucial importance in presenting the right image to the world. This paper is based on the author's experience in designing pages for the UK Patent Office Search and Advisory Service and getting the pages mounted on the Web.
VIEW FROM THE CLASSROOM — PART TWO
Authors: Keenan Stella
Published: January 2008

In the last issue, second year undergraduate students taking the Information and Society option at the Department of Library and Information Studies, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK contributed their thoughts about the developments they would expect by the year 2000. Their ideas were presented as the course started The option covers the following topics: definition of the information society; historical perspectives; industrialisation of society and the concept of a post‐industrial society; scenarios for the future; forecasting social and technological change; demographics; trends in research and development for LIS; the virtual librarian; and implications for professional education and continuing development. Three students who wrote down their thoughts at the beginning of the course agreed to write a second contribution which reflected their thinking at the end of the option. It was felt that this might show how thinking could have been changed and developed as a result of the course taught.
HYPERTEXT BROWSING: A NEW MODEL FOR INFORMATION FILTERING BASED ON USER PROFILES AND DATA CLUSTERING
Authors: Shapira Bracha , Shoval Peretz , Raveh Adi , Hanani Uri
Published: January 2008

Hypertext users often experience the ‘lost in hyperspace’ problem. This study suggests a solution which restricts the amount of information made available to the user, thus allowing improved hypertext browsing. An algorithm calculates the set of most relevant hypertext nodes for the user, utilising the user profile and data clustering technique. The result is an optimal cluster of relevant data items, custom‐tailored for each user's needs.
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND MEDICINE (ISSUE 7)
Authors: Williams Martha E. , Smith Linda C.
Published: January 2008

This is the seventh article on science, technology and medicine databases in a continuing series of articles summarising and commenting on new database products. Two companion articles, one covering social sciences and humanities, news and general (SSH) (Online & CDROMReview, vol. 20, no. 2) and the other covering business and law (BSL) (Online & CDROM Review, vol. 20, no. 3) will appear in the next two issues of this journal. The articles are based on the newly appearing database products in the Gale Directory of Databases. The Gale Directory of Databases (GDD) was created in January 1993 by merging Computer‐Readable Databases: A Directory and Data Sourcebook (CRD) together with the Directory of Online Databases (DOD) and the Directory of Portable Databases (DPD).
NEWS ROUNDUP
Authors: Blake Paul
Published: January 2008

Collaboration the way forward for FT and Moody's. The first fruits of a collaboration between the Financial Times and Moody's F1S was unveiled at Online Information 95 in the shape of the image‐based DocuNet service, which will be offered via both an ISDN connection and CDROM. The two company information specialists are also bringing together their data collection operations.
DESIGNING A PROBE TO EXPLORE HOME INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
Authors: Davenport Elisabeth , Higgins Martin , Gillham Mark
Published: January 2008

The authors are engaged in a three‐year study of home information systems in the United Kingdom. The project addresses cable and satellite, multimedia CDs and paper‐based systems, and considers both supply (many of the companies involved are inward investors) and demand. Our aim is to profile and compare the expectations and perceptions (the ‘dreams’) of both sides. The first phase of the project (January‐June 1995) had led the team into households (some co‐terminous with families, some not) in both rural and urban Central Scotland. The initial visits, with as many members of the household as possible, were structured round an interview protocol covering four main areas: tasks; perceptions of technology; using the machine; the aesthetics of interaction. Subsequent visits explored salient issues which emergedfrom the protocol. Our preliminary findings suggest that the concept of integrated household channels is not being widely embraced by participants in our study who like to keep their technologies separate; that mixed motives (some of them task‐related) lie behind the purchase of systems; and that disposable time is a major constraint on use. We have derived a preliminary description of appropriation patterns: where do different systems fit in perceptions of home and work? of public and private space? of knowledge, information and entertainment?. The second phase of the project (October 1995‐May 1996) will consolidate this framework with results from a larger random sample in the EH12 postal area of Edinburgh.
ELECTRONIC PUBLISHING: A SUBVERSIVE PROPOSAL, AN EVEN MORE SUBVERSIVE PROPOSAL, AND A COUNTER ARGUMENT
Authors: Keenan Stella
Published: January 2008

In The Information Society (Oct.‐Dec. 1995), three authors presented arguments on the future of electronic journals (e‐journals) which raised key questions that should be considered in trying to project into the future. Perhaps in the four year run‐up to the millennium there will no be dramatic change in the world of scholarly publishing. However, the three papers together pose interesting ideas for speculation.
NEWS ROUNDUP
Authors: Blake Paul
Published: January 2008

Web newspapers promise low cost searching. World Wide Web editions of three major newspapers have gone live on the Internet, offering either free or low cost access to full‐text articles, and the ability to search archives of back issues. Both News International, which is offering the UK Times and Sunday Times, and the New York Times anticipate there being little impact on revenues through third party hosts.
NEW DATABASE PRODUCTS: BUSINESS AND LAW (ISSUE 7)
Authors: Williams Martha E. , McDougal Sarah
Published: January 2008

This is the seventh article on business and law (BSL) databases in a continuing series of articles summarising and commenting on new database products. It has two companion articles: one covering science, technology and medicine (STM) appeared in Online & CDROM Review vol. 20, no. 1 and the other covering social science, humanities, news and general (SSH) appeared in Online & CDROM Review vol. 20, no. 2. The articles are based on the newly appearing database products in the Gale Directory of Databases. The Gale Directory of Databases (GDD) was created in January 1993 by merging Computer‐Readable Databases: A Directory and Data Sourcebook (CRD) together with the Directory of Online Databases (DOD) and the Directory of Portable Databases (DPD).
NEWS ROUNDUP
Authors: Blake Paul
Published: January 2008

Web searching breakthroughs. Breakthroughs in the ability to search and retrieve up‐to‐date documents on the World Wide Web are promised with upgrades to two major search engines. WebCrawler is using Personal Librarian to offer more precise searching, while InfoSeek is claiming near real time indexing of the Web.
RESPONDING TO RESEARCHERS' AND FACULTY USE PATTERNS AND PERCEPTIONS OF CDROM SERVICES
Authors: Saleh Ashoor Mohammad , Kanamugire Athanase B.
Published: January 2008

This paper provides a brief report on a study of faculty and researchers' use patterns and perceptions of CDROM services at King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM) Library in Saudi Arabia, as background information to measures taken as a result of the study. The main objectives of the study were to ascertain use patterns and perceptions of CDROM services: another objective was to elicit comments which would be used in developing a planning strategy to expand and enhance CDROM services. Two main methods were used in the study: CDROM search forms and a questionnaire survey. The results of the study revealed that the majority of the faculty had used CDROM services; they felt satisfied with the service but also felt that there was a strong need for user training. Several problematic areas have been identified including need for new vision CDROM hardware and software systems, publicity, user training and document delivery. The report then considers measures that have been taken to address the problematic areas and discusses how effective those remedial actions have been. The paper concludes that the KFUPM Library planned and developed user‐oriented services in response to the findings of the study, but still faces further challenges in developing a CDROM service that is fully integrated with other electronic resources and services.
NEW DATABASE PRODUCTS: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND MEDICINE (ISSUE 8)
Authors: Williams Martha E. , Smith Linda C.
Published: January 2008

This is the eighth article on science, technology and medicine (STM) databases in a continuing series of articles summarising and commenting on new database products. Two companion articles will appear in the next two issues of this journal, one covering social sciences, humanities, news and general (SSH) (Online & CDROM Review, vol. 20, no. 5) and the other covering business and law (BSL) (Online & CDROM Review, vol. 20, no. 6). These articles are based on the newly appearing database products in the Gale Directory of Databases. The Gale Directory of Databases (GDD) was created in January 1993 by merging Computer‐Readable Databases: A Directory and Data Sourcebook (CRD) together with the Directory of Online Databases (DOD) and the Directory of Portable Databases (DPD).
A NATIONAL UNION CATALOGUE: THE ? EDITION
Authors: Mowat Ian R.M.
Published: January 2008

One of the most impressive aspects of the development of library automation has been the way that those involved at early stages had the vision to see possibilities far beyond the capacity of existing and planned technology. 1996 marks the 30th anniversary of some of the earliest major experiments in the libraries of the Universities of both Newcastle and Southampton. The pioneers of circulation systems — introducing batch mode, punched card‐based behemoths which almost certainly were less efficient than the manual systems they replaced — deserve credit, at least in retrospect, for their ability to see beyond immediate problems to a more promising future.
NEW DATABASE PRODUCTS: SOCIAL SCIENCE, HUMANITIES, NEWS AND GENERAL (ISSUE 8)
Authors: Williams Martha E. , Novotny Eric
Published: January 2008

This is the eighth article on social science, humanities, news and general databases in a continuing series of articles summarising and commenting on new database products. There are two companion articles: one covering science, technology, and, medicine (STM) appeared in Online & CDROM Review, vol. 20, no. 4 and the other covering business and law (BSL) will appear in Online & CDROM Review, vol. 20, no. 6. The articles are based on the newly appearing database products in the Gale Directory of Databases. The Gale Directory of Databases (GDD) was created in January 1993 by merging Computer‐Readable Databases: A Directory and Data Sourcebook (CRD) together with the Directory of Online Databases (DOD) and the Directory of Portable Databases (DPD).
THE MOVE TOWARDS ELECTRONIC COMMERCE
Authors: Kilpatrick Ian
Published: January 2008

The recent explosion of interest in the Internet has alerted businesses to the possibility of using some form of electronic communications. However, many remain unaware of the full range of benefits that electronic communications can bring.
NEURAL INTELLIGENT AGENTS
Authors: Jeapes Ben
Published: January 2008

The idea of intelligent agents has been around for some time now: software packages that browse online information for material of particular interest to you, the user. With the World Wide Web growing at the rate it is (the Net Happenings list, to which this reviewer subscribes, reports in the region of 150–200 new sites a week, and that is just the ones people tell it about) the concept of an army of intelligent agents doing research for you has a certain appeal.
AN ELECTRONIC LEARNING NETWORK FOR CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN INFORMATION WORK
Authors: Harries Steve
Published: January 2008

It is a commonplace to say that continuing professional development is vital for the modern information professional, to keep pace with the fast changing world of information and to be able to meet and adapt to the new roles and new challenges which are continually emerging.
THE EVALUATION OF INTERFACE DESIGN ON CDROMS
Authors: Rowley Jennifer , Slack Frances
Published: January 2008

Databases on CDROM are one of the more complex types of facility that will be accessed by the general public, either in their home, in airport lounges and other public arenas or in libraries. These databases extend over a wide range of different media types including bibliographic, full‐text and multimedia. Interfaces include DOS‐based and GUI‐based products. This paper reviews the literature on the design and evaluation of user interfaces on CDROM, with the objective of distilling guidelines for these activities. More specifically the article defines interfaces, dialogues and interaction, and explores the diversity in and issues associated with standardisation in interface design for CDROMs. Current criteria and guidelines for the evaluation of CDROM interfaces include those of the Special Interest Group on CDROM Applications and Technology (SIGCAT) and guidelines proposed by other authors. Using this earlier work as a basis an alternative set of guidelines is proposed.
TEACHING ON DEMAND: A STRATEGIC ALLIANCE OF STUDENTS, GRADUATES AND TEACHERS
Authors: Sutherland Ewan
Published: January 2008

Despite the recent opening of new buildings for the British Library in London and for the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris, the change in mindset for librarians is almost complete, from just‐in‐case holdings to just‐in‐time delivery. Done well, the customer notices only an improvement in the service, though older customers may not find it comfortable to browse the virtual shelves, even if doing so from their desk or from home. This philosophy deserves to be applied in other areas: my own suggestion is to the postgraduate training of librarians and information scientists.
NEW DATABASE PRODUCTS: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND MEDICINE (ISSUE 10)
Authors: Williams Martha E. , Smith Linda C.
Published: January 2008

This is the tenth article on science, technology and medicine (STM) databases in a continuing series of articles summarising and commenting on new database products. Two companion articles will appear in the next two issues of this journal, one covering social sciences, humanities, news and general (SSH) (Online & CDROM Review, vol. 21, no. 5) and the other covering business and law (BSL) (Online & CDROM Review, vol. 21, no. 6). These articles are based on the newly appearing database products in the Gale Directory of Databases. The Gale Directory of Databases (GDD) was created in January 1993 by merging Computer‐Readable Databases: A Directory and Data Sourcebook (CRD) together with the Directory of Online Databases (DOD) and the Directory of Portable Databases (DPD).
USERS' PARTIAL RELEVANCE JUDGEMENTS DURING ONLINE SEARCHING
Authors: Spink Amanda , Greisdorf Howard
Published: January 2008

Users' relevance judgements are central to both the systems and user‐oriented approaches to information retrieval (IR). A basic assumption of IR and online searching research has been that users always require the most ‘highly’ relevant items when using an IR system. This paper reports the results from research that sought to examine users conducting their initial online search on a particular information problem. Findings from three separate studies of relevance judgements by 44 initial search users were examined, including two studies of 13 end‐users and a study of 18 users engaged in mediated online searches. Results show that the number of items judged ‘partially’ relevant (on the scale: relevant; partially relevant; not relevant) was found to correlate positively with changes in users': (1) criteria for making relevance judgements; (2) information problem definition; and (3) personal knowledge due to the search interaction; and also (4) search intermediaries' perceptions that a user's question and information problem has changed during the mediated search interaction. Items judged ‘highly’ relevant were not correlated with these factors. Results of the three studies suggest that: (1) a relationship exists between partially relevant items retrieved and changes in the users' information problem or question during an information seeking process; (2) partial relevance judgements play an important role for users in the early stages of seeking information on a particidar information problem; and (3) ‘highly’ relevant items may or may not be the only items useful at the early stages of users' information seeking processes. Implications for the development of IR systems, relevance research and searching practice are also examined.
THE FUTURE FOR MEDIATED ONLINE SEARCH SERVICES IN AN ACADEMIC INSTITUTION: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Hewett Stephen
Published: January 2008

For many years, the cornerstone of any self‐respecting academic institution's reference and enquiry service was the provision of a mediated online search service delivered by subject librarians, acting as search intermediaries in response to specific information requests from users. Key staff were trained in the use of command languages for a range of host systems (DIALOG, STN etc.) and a search service of popular databases such as Medline, Chemical Abstracts and INSPEC would be offered, usually for a fee, to members of the organisation.
PROFILE OF AN INFORMATION CENTRE: THE SHELL RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY CENTRE, THORNTON
Authors: Poynder Richard
Published: January 2008

Shell Research & Technology Centre, Thornton, located just outside Chester in the North of England, is home to over 700 research staff. Its brief is to service the research needs of any part of Shell that is willing to sponsor a research project and work is undertaken in a wide range of areas, including the technologies associated with fuels, lubricants, additives, engineering and the environment. The Centre also blends the fuels and lubricants used by Michael Schumacher and the Ferrari F1 Team.
INTELLIGENT AGENTS CREATE DUMB USERS (?)
Authors: Locke Chris
Published: January 2008

The mythological ‘Daily Me’. At the recent NetMedia 97 conference at City University I watched a presentation by Steve Yelvington, Editor of the Star Tribune Online in Minneapolis. He was describing the development of an intelligent agent system called MOM (My Own Matrix) that the Star Tribune is developing to serve the needs of its readers.
PATENT INFORMATION ON THE INTERNET
Authors: Poynder Richard
Published: January 2008

PATENTLY CLEAR According to information published on the Web site of the European Patent Office (http://www.european‐patent‐office.org/pi_ndex.htm), $20 000 million a year is wasted in Europe as a result of duplicated research. This is a substantial sum and clearly any company would be keen to avoid such wastage.
COMPUTERS IN MEDICINE — PRESENT AND FUTURE
Authors: Jeans William D.
Published: January 2008

Computers have made wide inroads into the practice of medicine, sometimes insidiously and sometimes obviously. The insidious approach has been the use of computers and computer chips in machines to do specific jobs such as controlling automated biochemical analysers, or producing digital images from computerised tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging scanners. The use of pre‐programmed logic and calculation makes a repetitive or mechanical task possible and easier, although the computer itself is not immediately apparent. This will inevitably continue and the fall in price of storage devices makes the storage of large amounts of data, including images, a more attractive possibility. A few hospitals already have ‘filmless’ x‐ray departments, and images can be called up electronically and reviewed in outpatient departments or theatres when required. In contrast, the use of computers with screens and keyboards is apparent principally in clerical tasks.
LEXIS‐NEXIS: PAST AND FUTURE
Authors: Poynder Richard
Published: January 2008

The origins of the LEXIS‐NEXIS service lie in the defence industry. Specifically its database engine, originally called ‘Central!’, was developed by the Ohio‐based Data Corporation to help the US Air Force keep track of procurement contracts and equipment inventory. This technology was later to prove attractive to the American Bar Association when it began exploring the potential of computer‐assisted legal research in the 1960s: an interest that led to the decision by the Ohio State Bar Association, in 1967, to award a $7000 contract to the Data Corporation. As a consequence, the Central! search engine become the core of a new full‐text searchable computerised database of the Ohio statutes. Called the Ohio Bar Automated Research — or OBAR — service this was later to grow into today's LEXIS‐NEXIS service.
DATASTAR WEB: A COMPARISON WITH “CLASSIC” DATASTAR COMMAND LANGUAGE SEARCHING
Authors: Barker Anne L.
Published: January 2008

This paper compares and contrasts online searching on DataStar, a major European host now owned by The Dialog Corporation, using the “Classic” command language, with access via the more recent Web interface. DataStar, established in 1981, was one of the first online hosts to offer a web interface, in December 1996. DataStar Web was upgraded in December 1997. “Classic” DataStar command line searching requires familiarity with commands, operators, database labels, etc. DataStar Web offers searching via apparently simple steps: eg. selecting a database, entering search terms. The functionality of the two interfaces is considered, looking in turn at entering the system, selecting a database, searching, output and display, terminating the search session, error messages and help pages, and support, training and documentation. The search functionality of the two interfaces is not identical, although both use the same retrieval software and access the same databases. Many of the differences affect retrieval effectiveness and may trip up novice and experienced searchers alike.
NEW DATABASE PRODUCTS: BUSINESS AND LAW (ISSUE 11)
Authors: Williams Martha E. , Gaylord Harry A.
Published: January 2008

This is the eleventh article on business and law (BSL) databases in a continuing series of articles summarizing and commenting on new database products. Two companion articles, one covering science, technology, and, medicine (STM) appeared in Online & CD‐ROM Review vol. 22, no. 2 and the other covering social science, humanities, news, and general (SSH) appears here in Online & CD‐ROM Review vol. 22, no. 3. The articles are based on the newly appearing database products in the Gale Directory of Databases. The Gale Directory of Databases (GDD) was created in January 1993 by merging Computer‐Readable Databases: A Directory and Data Sourcebook (CRD)together with the Directory of Online Databases (DOD) and the Directory of Portable Databases (DPD).
BEYOND THE HYPE
Authors: McKenna Brian
Published: January 2008

Colloquium in Oxford. A wide‐ranging debate about the impact of the new technologies of connectivity on Higher Education, libraries, and the publishing industry took place in the ‘parliamentary’ debating chamber of the Oxford Union on Thursday 23rd April. The event was organized by the Oxford University Computing Services Humanities Computing Unit, and was entitled ‘Beyond the Hype’. The one‐day colloquium, which was attended by about one hundred and twenty people, was the fourth in a series of colloquia hosted by the Humanities Computing Unit. In 1995 the Unit kicked the series off with the first event, entitled ‘Beyond the Book’, which appeared, paradoxically enough, in printed form (eds. Chernaik, Deegan, and Gibson, Oxford: OHC, 7, 1996). They followed this up with a look at teaching in ‘Beyond the Classroom’ (a report of which can be found on the Web at http://info.ox.ac.uk/oucs/humanities/events/beyond/). In 1997 the Unit targeted the library sector with ‘Beyond the Library’ (again a report of which can be found on the Web at http://info.ox.ac.uk/oucs/humanities/events/beyond/).
19TH ANNUAL NATIONAL ONLINE MEETING AND IOLS '98
Authors: Hane Paula J.
Published: January 2008

This year's National Online Meeting and IOLS conference, sponsored by Information Today, Inc. (formerly Learned Information), were held concurrently May 12–14, once again at the New York Hilton in New York City. This was another record breaking year for the well‐known information industry events. Organizers reported that paid conference registrations were up 10 percent over last year; there were 6200 total attendees and 133 exhibiting companies. The meeting rooms and three floors of exhibits were bustling with attendees and vendors eager to network.
FORUM
Authors: McKenna Brian
Published: January 2008

When the Institute of Information Scientists was founded in 1958 the Internet was still germinating in the Cold War bunkers of the ARPANET, the seventeen‐year old Pele was performing his magic in the World Cup in Sweden, and librarians were still recording bits of information on 5 by 3 index cards. The 40th Anniversary Conference of the Institute which took place at the University of Sheffield from 8–11 July 1998 took place with the Net ubiquitous (well, at least in the English‐speaking countries), with Ronaldo leading the line for Brazil, and with Information Scientists confronting opportunities to remake themselves as the cutting‐edge ‘knowledge managers’ of the corporate world.
NEW DATABASE PRODUCTS: SOCIAL SCIENCE, HUMANITIES, NEWS, AND GENERAL (ISSUE 12)
Authors: Williams Martha E. , Burgard Daniel E.
Published: January 2008

This is the twelfth article on social science, humanities, news, and general databases in a continuing series of articles summarizing and commenting on new database products. Two companion articles, one covering science, technology, and, medicine (STM) appeared in Online & CD‐ROM Review vol. 22, no. 4 and the other covering business and law (BSL) will appear in Online & CD‐ROM Review vol. 22, no. 6. The articles are based on the newly appearing database products in the Gale Directory of Dafabases. The Gale Directory of Databases (GDD) was created in January 1993 by merging Computer‐Readable Databases: A Directory and Data Sourcebook (CRD) together with the Directory of Online Databases (DOD) and the Directory of Portable Databases (DPD).
SCHOOL LIBRARIES IN THE GULF CO‐OPERATION COUNCIL — WHAT NEXT?
Authors: Salim Mustafa Al‐Haj
Published: January 2008

The Gulf Co‐operation Council (GCC) was established in 1980 and consists of the six oil rich countries — Saudi Arabia; United Arab Emirates; Kuwait; Sultanate of Oman; Qatar; and Bahrain. In addition to the wealth generated from oil revenues, these countries also have a growing young population where the demand for better education is ever increasing.
TRADING ON THE INTERNET
Authors: Daniels Martyn
Published: January 2008

1. The changing landscape. We all know that the Internet is dynamic and is growing at a phenomenal rate. It is pervasive and what we thought of it six months ago is probably different to what we think today and what we will think of it in six months time. It is challenging all our previous thinking and our commercial environment.
THE COMING OF THE ELECTRONIC BOOK
Authors: McKenna Brian
Published: January 2008

1. Beyond the All in One. Suppose you had a machine that enabled you to wash your clothes, watch television programmes, listen to the radio, play CDs, and cook the dinner: would you give it house‐room for long? There seems to be emerging a view among IT pundits that the era of the all‐in‐one Personal Computer is passing, to give way to a the use of a range of digital devices dedicated to specific functions. It is in this context that that hoary old concept, the electronic book, is allegedly finding its spot in the sun — after years of being impugned as not at all suitable for the beach.
NEW DATABASE PRODUCTS: BUSINESS AND LAW (ISSUE 12)
Authors: Williams Martha E. , Gaylord Harry A.
Published: January 2008

This is the twelfth article on business and law (BSL) databases in a continuing series of articles summarizing and commenting on new database products. Two companion articles, one covering science, technology, and medicine (STM) appeared in Online & CD‐ROM Review vol. 22, no.4 and the other covering social science, humanities, news, and general (SSH) appeared in Online & CD‐ROM Review vol. 22, no. 5. The articles are based on the newly appearing database products in the Gale Directory of Databases. The Gale Directory of Databases (GDD) was created in January 1993 by merging Computer‐Readable Databases: A Directory and Data Sourcebook (CRD) together with the Directory of Online Databases (DOD) and the Directory of Portable Databases (DPD).
REVIEWS
Authors: Billingham Lisa , Read Jane , Owens Ian
Published: January 2008

The encyclopaedia has comprehensive coverage, and includes articles, video, animation, sound clips, still photographs, and graphics. It also includes ‘bubble views’, still‐photographs allowing the user a 360 degree view. The mouse buttons are used to move the user's view in any direction, as in virtual reality software.
CHECKING ON THE ARROWS
Authors: Keenan Stella
Published: January 2008

The quotation from Henry Longfellow's The Arrow and the Song: first appeared in the Target 2000 column in the first issue of the relaunched Online & CDROM Review in 1993. Since then a number of arrows have been aimed at developments that could be expected by the turn of the century. As this column was envisaged as a “floating Delphi”, this seems an appropriate point in the run‐up to the millennium to review the projections made to date. Below they have been reviewed and grouped, and it is hoped that in the coming months the authors may wish to expand or revise their original thoughts. The year, volume, issue and page numbers for the journal reference are given after the author’s name.
FINANCIAL SERVICES: INCREASING YOUR MARKETING PRODUCTIVITY AND PROFITABILITY
Authors: Wind Yoram
Published: January 2008

A comparative study was made by Coopers and Lybrand on the importance of various management areas. Of the executives surveyed in the early 1980's, only 29 percent perceived marketing as being most important. In 1985, 64 percent of the respondents felt that the most important area of the firm was marketing.
EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF CUSTOMER SERVICE DELIVERY SYSTEMS
Authors: Garfein Richard T.
Published: January 2008

A recent cover story in Time Magazine dealing with the subject of service in America made the following comments: Personal service has become a maddeningly rare commodity in the American marketplace. Flight attendants, salesclerks and bank tellers all seem to have become too scarce and too busy to give consumers much attention. Many other service workers are underpaid, untrained and unmotivated for their jobs, to the chagrin of customers who look to them for help... Economic upheaval is to blame. First came the great inflation of the 1970’s, which forced businesses to slash service to keep prices from skyrocketing. Then came deregulation, which fostered more price wars and further cutbacks. Meanwhile, service workers became increasingly difficult to hire because of labor shortages in many areas. At the same time, managers found that they could cut costs by replacing human workers with computers and self‐service schemes. It all makes perfect bookkeeping sense for businesses, but the trend has left consumers without enough human faces to turn to for guidance in spending their billions of dollars on services.