bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anomaly Detection and Automatic Labeling for Solar Cell Quality Inspection Based on Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: Balzategui Julen , Eciolaza Luka , Maestro-Watson Daniel
Published: June 2021

Quality inspection applications in industry are required to move towards a zero-defect manufacturing scenario, with non-destructive inspection and traceability of 100% of produced parts. Developing robust fault detection and classification models from the start-up of the lines is challenging due to the difficulty in getting enough representative samples of the faulty patterns and the need to manually label them. This work presents a methodology to develop a robust inspection system, targeting these peculiarities, in the context of solar cell manufacturing. The methodology is divided into two phases: In the first phase, an anomaly detection model based on a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) is employed. This model enables the detection and localization of anomalous patterns within the solar cells from the beginning, using only non-defective samples for training and without any manual labeling involved. In a second stage, as defective samples arise, the detected anomalies will be used as automatically generated annotations for the supervised training of a Fully Convolutional Network that is capable of detecting multiple types of faults. The experimental results using 1873 Electroluminescence (EL) images of monocrystalline cells show that (a) the anomaly detection scheme can be used to start detecting features with very little available data, (b) the anomaly detection may serve as automatic labeling in order to train a supervised model, and (c) segmentation and classification results of supervised models trained with automatic labels are comparable to the ones obtained from the models trained with manual labels.
Response of Ground Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Communities to Effect of Urbanization in Southern Osaka: An Analytical Approach Using GIS
Authors: Park Jin-Wook , Lee Cheol Min
Published: June 2021

Urbanization involves the profound alteration of original habitats and causes habitat loss and biodiversity decline. This study aims to clarify the response of ground beetle communities to the effect of urbanization in southern Osaka, Japan. In total, 2950 individuals from 53 species of ground beetle were collected in nine urban green areas. The categories of land use regarding the study sites were determined based on GIS data. The community index was not significantly different between areas. Urban areas and roads in land use mainly have a negative influence on ground beetles. Paddies, fields, parks and green spaces, and open space were positively correlated with species richness of forest species and large-sized species, and open space was positively correlated with species richness and the density of open land species. However, ground beetle communities in different areas of varying sizes did not group separately. These results suggest that changes in paddies, fields, parks and green spaces, forests, and open space associated with the expanding urban area and road greatly influenced species composition, and the community structure remained similar.
The Functional Controller for Sustainable and Value Chain Management: Fashion or Need? A Sample of Job Advertisements in the COVID-19 Period
Authors: Walińska Ewa , Dobroszek Justyna
Published: June 2021

This article aims to present a profile of functional controllers created in German-speaking countries in the context of their competences and tasks for sustainable management and value chain creation. Sustainable chain management requires finding a balance between the economic, social, and environmental spheres, inside and outside the organizations, in all business functions/processes related to value chain formation. Managers for sustainable management need to have adequate and high-quality financial and non-financial information. They are crucial during the pandemic COVID-19 period. Functional controllers can provide this. Content analysis of job advertisements was used as a research method. The identification of competences was based on Cheetham and Chivers’ model. Tasks were referred to as essential functions of controlling. Descriptive statistics and the Student’s t-test with Cochran–Cox correction and the Wilcoxon-Mann–Whitney test were used to analyze the data. In terms of the studied controllers, more functional than meta competence was identified. There were more hard skills than soft skills. In terms of tasks, studied controllers are preoccupied with analysis, coordination and optimization, participation in management, definition of new tools, and reporting. The results confirm that functional controllers have an impact on sustainable development and value chain creation.
Empirical Study on the Effects of Technology Training on the Forest-Related Income of Rural Poverty-Stricken Households—Based on the PSM Method
Authors: Zhao Rong , Qiu Xiaolu , Chen Shaozhi
Published: June 2021

The implementation of technology training is essential to promote the commercialization of research achievements, and plays a crucial role in poverty alleviation in China. Based on the microcosmic survey data of farmers in four poverty-stricken counties officially assisted by National Forestry and Grassland Administration, the effects of technology training on forest-related income of rural poverty-stricken households is analyzed by using Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method. The study found that after eliminating the deviation from the self-selection and the endogenous issues, the forestry technology training has increased the total forest-related family income and forestry production and operation income by 3.09 times and 2.82 times, respectively. The effect of technology training on income increase is remarkable. Besides, the behavior of poor farmers participating in forestry technology training is significantly affected by the following factors, such as gender, age, family size, managed forestland area, whether they held forest tenure/equity certificate, whether they joined forestry professional cooperatives, and whether they cooperated with forestry enterprises. In order to further improve the effect of technology in poverty alleviation, the following policy recommendations are proposed, including: (1) to encourage poverty-stricken households to actively participate in forestry technology training; (2) to establish a diversified system of forestry technology training; and (3) to ensure the training content is based on the actual needs of the poor.
Impact of a Large Fire and Subsequent Pollution Control Failure at a Coke Works on Acute Asthma Exacerbations in Nearby Adult Residents
Authors: Morphew Tricia L. , Venkat Arvind , Graham John , Mehalik Matthew , Anderson Norman , Gentile Deborah
Published: June 2021

Clairton, Pennsylvania, is home to the largest coke works facility in the United States (US). On 24 December 2018, a large fire occurred at this facility and damaged pollution control equipment. Although repairs were not completed for several months, production continued at pre-fire capacity and daily emissions increased by 24 to 35 times, with multiple exceedances of monitored levels of outdoor air pollution (OAP). The aim of this study was to objectively evaluate the impact of this industrial incident and resultant OAP exceedances on asthma morbidity. We assessed pre-fire and post-fire rate ratios (RR) of outpatient and emergency department (ED) visits for asthma exacerbations among nearby adult residents. Pre-fire versus post-fire RRs increased for both visit types: RR = 1.82 (95% CI: 1.30, 2.53; p < 0.001) and 1.84 (95% CI: 1.05, 3.22; p = 0.032) for outpatient and ED visits, respectively. Additionally, total visit rates increased on days with OAP exceedances: RR = 2.47 (95% CI: 1.52, 4.01; p < 0.0001), 1.58 (95% CI: 1.00, 2.48; p = 0.048) and 1.79 (95% CI: 1.27, 2.54; p = 0.001) for PM2.5, SO2, and H2S exceedance days, respectively. These results show a near doubling of acute visits for asthma exacerbations in nearby adult residents during this industrial incident and underscore the need for prompt remediation and public notification of OAP exceedances to prevent adverse health impacts.
The Metal Content of the Hot Atmospheres of Galaxy Groups
Authors: Gastaldello Fabio , Simionescu Aurora , Mernier Francois , Biffi Veronica , Gaspari Massimo , Sato Kosuke , Matsushita Kyoko
Published: June 2021

Galaxy groups host the majority of matter and more than half of all the galaxies in the Universe. Their hot (107 K), X-ray emitting intra-group medium (IGrM) reveals emission lines typical of many elements synthesized by stars and supernovae. Because their gravitational potentials are shallower than those of rich galaxy clusters, groups are ideal targets for studying, through X-ray observations , feedback effects, which leave important marks on their gas and metal contents. Here, we review the history and present status of the chemical abundances in the IGrM probed by X-ray spectroscopy. We discuss the limitations of our current knowledge, in particular due to uncertainties in the modeling of the Fe-L shell by plasma codes, and coverage of the volume beyond the central region. We further summarize the constraints on the abundance pattern at the group mass scale and the insight it provides to the history of chemical enrichment. Parallel to the observational efforts, we review the progress made by both cosmological hydrodynamical simulations and controlled high-resolution 3D simulations to reproduce the radial distribution of metals in the IGrM, the dependence on system mass from group to cluster scales, and the role of AGN and SN feedback in producing the observed phenomenology. Finally, we highlight future prospects in this field, where progress will be driven both by a much richer sample of X-ray emitting groups identified with eROSITA, and by a revolution in the study of X-ray spectra expected from micro-calorimeters onboard XRISM and ATHENA.
Resonant Effect of High-Energy Electron–Positron Pairs Production in Collision of Ultrarelativistic Electrons with an X-ray Electromagnetic Wave
Authors: Sizykh Georgii K. , Roshchupkin Sergei P. , Dubov Victor V.
Published: June 2021

The process of resonant high-energy electron–positron pairs production by electrons in an X-ray pulsar electromagnetic field is studied theoretically. Under the resonance conditions, the second-order process under consideration effectively reduces into two sequential first-order processes: X-ray-stimulated Compton effect and X-ray–stimulated Breit–Wheeler process. The kinematics of the process is studied in detail: the dependencies of the energy of the scattered electron on its outgoing angle and the energies of the particles of the pair on the outgoing angle of the scattered electron and the opening angle of the pair are obtained. The analysis of the number of different possible particles energies values in the entire range of the angles is also carried out, according to which the energies of the particles of the pair can take up to eight different values at a fixed outgoing angle of the scattered electron and opening angle of the pair. The estimate of the resonant differential probability per unit time of the process, which reaches the maximum value of 24 orders of the value of the non-resonant differential probability per unit time, is obtained. The angular distribution of the differential probability per unit time of the process is analyzed, particularly for the case of high-energy positrons presenting in pulsar radiation.
The dedicated secretary general : Miklós Pulai's activities in the Hungarian Banking Association
Authors: Müller János , Kovács Levente
Published: June 2021

Untiring Miklós Pulai, who died last year at the age of 94, will be remembered among the great minds of Hungarian economic and banking history for his outstanding professional achievements. He played a decisive role in the establishment of the two-tier banking system operating under market conditions. Part of his work as a banker was linked to the Hungarian Banking Association as its secretary general right from its foundation in 1989 till 2000, while he helped its activities almost until his death. This paper is to honour Miklós Pulai’s contribution to the activities of the Hungarian Banking Association. To understand it, the importance of his achievements we must give a brief overview of the economic and social context and the processes he was an active formative participant in.
Diseases caused by the herpes simplex virus
Authors: Sakhno Nataliya Nikolaevna
Published: June 2021

Herpetic infection is a disease caused by herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2; it belongs to the category of TORCH infections along with toxoplasmosis, rubella and cytomegalovirus. Herpetic infection is widespread, and recently there has been an increase in the number of cases of herpetic lesions detected, which is most likely due to the expansion of the range of diagnostic tests. Herpes simplex virus type 1 most often affects the skin and mucous membranes, type 2 leads to damage to the urogenital tract. The source of infection can be either a sick person or an asymptomatic carrier. This disease can be transmitted by household contact, during sexual intercourse; the «vertical» route of transmission from mother to child is also known. Depending on the extent of the lesion, localized, widespread and generalized forms are distinguished; the course of herpes infection can be acute, subacute and chronic; latent course of the disease is often found. In addition to the skin and mucous membranes, the central nervous system and (less often) internal organs can be affected. A typical clinical manifestation of herpes simplex is small blistering eruptions that appear on the face, mucous membrane of the lips, wings of the nose, ears, limbs, gluteal folds. The eruptions are usually preceded by itching and hyperemia at the site of the lesion. Diagnosis of herpes infection is carried out on the basis of clinical data and laboratory tests of blood or vesicle contents. Treatment of the disease involves the prescription of antiviral drugs, symptomatic agents, and immunocorrective therapy. Complete removal of the virus from the body is usually impossible, but strengthening the defenses and normalizing the lifestyle contribute to a significant decrease in the frequency of possible relapses.
The features of the course of rotavirus infection in children and adults
Authors: Bronshtein Aleksandr Yurievich
Published: June 2021

Rotavirus infection, which is also known as "intestinal flu", belongs to the group of diseases caused by RNA genomic viruses of the Reoviridae family. In terms of prevalence, it ranks second after influenza; the mechanism of transmission is fecal-oral. Once in the body, within several hours the virus leads to damage to the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, which is clinically manifested in the form of gastroenteritis. Most often, children under the age of five get sick; after recovery, a fairly stable immunity remains. Due to its high contagiousness, the virus frequently causes outbreaks in organized children's groups. The main danger of rotavirus infection is a rather rapid dehydration of the body, therefore, any case of the disease should be under the supervision of a doctor, especially for children under the age of one year. Vaccination is one of the ways to prevent the development of the disease; for this purpose, both monovalent and polyvalent vaccines can be used. In developing countries, rotavirus infection is one of the main causes of infant mortality from infectious diseases. Adult patients are characterized by a subtle course of the disease, which can manifest itself in the form of a single vomiting and diarrhea, a slight increase in temperature. Meanwhile, it should be remembered that even with this course, the patient is an epidemic danger to others.
Modern methods for determining and risk factors for the development of arterial stiffness in the practice of family medicine
Authors: Skvortsov Vsevolod Vladimirovich , Shevchenko Veronika Dmitrievna , Malyakin Georgiy Ilyich , Tumarenko Aleksandr Vladimirovich , Shtonda Daniil Alekseevich , Gorbach Arina Nikolaevna
Published: June 2021

Vascular stiffness is an independent prognostic parameter for the development of cardiac pathology and cardiovascular mortality. The predictive value is high at the preclinical stages of the development of the disease, since blood vessels are an integral marker of cardiovascular pathology, through which classic risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are realized. Vascular stiffness increases due to cholesterol deposits and calcification of the vessel wall. On the other hand, an increase in blood pressure (BP) causes changes in the vascular wall, including with the development of arteriolosclerosis, which can also lead to an increase in vascular stiffness.
Mechanisms of adaptation of motor «fast» and «slow» locomotor muscles in mice under conditions of allergic reorganization of the body
Authors: Teplov Aleksandr Yurievich
Published: June 2021

The state of the contractile function of transversely striated locomotor muscles under conditions of allergic reorganization remains relevant for modern sports medicine. In particular, it is known that the mandatory vaccination of athletes before the competition leads to changes in the state of the muscular system. The mechanisms of these changes are not fully understood. In the presented work, the following research methods were used: the registration of: a) the contractile function of various locomotor «fast» and «slow» muscles of the mouse in vitro on humoral initiators of contraction — carbacholine (CCh) and potassium chloride (KCI); b) indicators of the systems of pro- and antioxidant balance in the blood and in the tissues of these muscles and the determination of the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in them. The differences in the ratios of the dynamics of the contraction force and the MDA level in both muscles demonstrate the degree of their resistance to oxidative stress, which determines the differences in the mechanisms of their adaptation to allergic reorganization. The materials of the article can be used to correct the function of locomotor muscles during vaccination, as well as to determine the strategy of therapeutic action, taking into account their fiber composition. The purpose of the article is to determine the mechanisms of adaptation of skeletal muscles (SM) of the mouse («fast» (m.EDL) and «slow» (m.Soleus)) during allergic reorganization.
Efficiency of carboxytherapy in vertebrogenic syndromes in hazardous industry workers
Authors: Urmantseva F. A. , Gallyamova S. A. , Shaykhlislamova E. R.
Published: June 2021

In the complex treatment of hazardous industry workers with neurological
manifestations of dorsopathy of the cervicothoracic spine with pain syndrome, the effectiveness of carboxytherapy is substantiated. The use of carboxytherapy in the treatment of vertebrogenic syndromes has shown a more effective impact: clinical improvement has been achieved in the form of pain regression and a decreased tone and degree of neurodystrophic manifestations in the paravertebral muscles and muscles of the upper limbs. Electromyography has shown a 45 % improvement in the conduction of a nerve impulse along the peripheral nerves of the upper limbs and C6-8-Th1 roots of the spinal nerves and a 35 % improvement in the hemodynamics of peripheral blood vessels, according to rheovasography.
Mathematical modeling in modern medicine. Fields. Approaches. Problems
Authors: Krylov A. P.
Published: June 2021

The article describes the main approaches to the application of mathematical models in modern medicine. The basic definitions and structures of mathematical models are described.
Health resort treatment and medical rehabilitation for diseases of the musculoskeletal system at the Pyatigorsk resort (to the 100th anniversary of the foundation of the Pyatigorsk research institute of balneology)
Authors: Menshikova Tatiyana Borisovna , Nikitin Mikhail Vladimirovich , Efimenko Nataliya Viktorovna
Published: June 2021

The 100th Anniversary of the Institute of Balneology in Pyatigorsk is an occasion for a retrospective assessment of the efficiency of therapeutic effect of natural mineral springs and unique peloid of Tambukan Lake, the first reference of which dates back to 1334. A scientifi cally based study of the mechanisms of action of natural factors in the pathology of musculoskeletal system that has been carried out since 1920 made it possible to substantiate their differentiated use and determine indications in systemic autoimmune and metabolic processes, degenerative-inflammatory diseases, recovery from injuries and surgical interventions. The prospects of further study of Pyatigorsk natural factors seem to be a response to the demand of the time — prevention, health resort treatment and medical rehabilitation with application of natural therapeutic factors in rheumatology, arthrology, and rejuvenology.
Novel ultrasonographic imaging technique in cat and dog intensive care patients: A-FAST3
Authors: ŞEN Yusuf , BAŞER Medine İrem , KİBAR KURT Büşra , BUMİN Ali
Published: June 2021

Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) and Veterinary point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) are fast ultrasonographic diagnostic tools developed to discover pathologies in trauma patients in veterinary medicine and direct veterinarians to accurate treatment plans. Aside from detection, scoring and treatment protocol establishment in traumatic and non-traumatic hemoabdomen cases, AFAST (abdominal FAST) sonography is used effectively to define anaphylaxis, pericardial effusions and cardiac tamponade and pleural effusion symptoms. This technique when implemented every 4 hours for 3 to 5 minutes assists in identification of patient prognosis and treatment protocols through focused imaging.With this review, we aimed to explain and deliver in detail indications for AFAST3 technique, know-how and clinical benefits for trauma patients.
Factors affecting the documentation of spoken safety-netting advice in routine GP consultations: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Edwards Peter J , Bennett-Britton Ian , Ridd Matthew J , Booker Matthew , Barnes Rebecca K
Published: June 2021

Background

Previous studies have reported how often safety-netting is documented in medical records, but it is not known how this compares with what is verbalised and what factors might influence the consistency of documentation.

Aim

To compare spoken and documented safety-netting advice and to explore factors associated with documentation.

Design and setting

A cross-sectional study, using an existing GP consultations archive.

Method

Observational coding involving classifying and quantifying medical record entries and comparison with spoken safety-netting advice in 295 video-/audio-recorded consultations. Associations were tested using logistic regression.

Results

Two-thirds of consultations (192/295) contained spoken safety-netting advice that applied to less than half of the problems assessed (242/516). Only one-third of consultations (94/295) had documented safety-netting advice, which covered 20.3% of problems (105/516). The practice of GPs varied widely, from those that did not document their safety-netting advice to those that nearly always did so (86.7%). GPs were more likely to document their safety-netting advice for new problems (P = 0.030), when only a single problem was discussed in a consultation (P = 0.040), and when they gave specific rather than generic safety-netting advice (P = 0.007). In consultations where multiple problems were assessed (n = 139), the frequency of spoken and documented safety-netting advice decreased the later a problem was assessed.

Conclusion

GPs frequently do not document the safety-netting advice they have given to patients, which may have medicolegal implications in the event of an untoward incident. GPs should consider how safely they can assess and document more than one problem in a single consultation and this risk should be shared with patients to help manage expectations.
Les âges de la vie dans le répertoire figuratif oriental
Authors: Parayre Dominique
Published: June 2021

L’article, abondamment illustré, s’attache, dans une perspective à la fois chronologique et comparative, aux mondes syriens et mésopotamiens ainsi qu’à l’Anatolie et à l’Egypte. Après avoir présenté les différents critères qui auraient permis de déterminer les âges de la vie (visage, corps, attitudes et activités), il évoque l’enfant dans la famille (ordinaire, royale ou divine) et dans les relations entre hommes, rois et dieux.
Mots nouveaux et idées nouvelles dans les Nuées d’Aristophane
Authors: Noël Marie-Pierre
Published: June 2021

Cette étude est consacrée à l’usage qu’Aristophane fait des «mots nouveaux», c’est-à-dire des termes qui apparaissent au Ve siècle dans le langage intellectuel et technique, celui des sophistes, de Socrate et d’Euripide. L’examen, dans les Nuées, des adjectifs en -ικός, des substantifs en -σις et du registre de la λεπτολογία (terme qui caractérise aussi bien l’activité de ces penseurs que l’imitation qu’en propose le poète comique), permet de mesurer combien la subtilité sophistique, loin de faire l’objet d’une simple parodie, constitue un élément essentiel de la création lexicale, mais aussi de l’invention dramatique d’Aristophane. De même, le rapport entre langage et personnages, conçu sur un modèle antilogique, semble donner raison à Cratinos, qui, nommant εὐριπιδαριστοφανίζειν l’inspiration de son jeune rival, faisait de lui aussi un sophiste !
Stratégie de l’aède homérique et sacrifice du poète védique. Essai de comparaison des pratiques du langage religieux
Authors: Oguibénine Boris
Published: June 2021

This essay deals with the comparison of the socio-religious roles of the poets which prevailed in Homeric Greece and Vedic India according, respectively, to Homer and the R̥gveda. The social control of the human audience to which was submitted the Homeric poet is compared to the compulsory link between the patron of the sacrifice and the officiating poet in Vedic India. While the human and the divine powers that dominated the Homeric poet were disconnected from each other, the Vedic sacrifice’s internal dynamics was characterized by a smooth continuity between the acts of the social human and divine groups involved. It seems possible to assume that the common features of both poetic practices go back to the Indo-European past. Ancient Celtic (Irish) data provide a third series of proofs of the Indo-European prehistory of these poetic practices.
L’annaliste Cn. Gellius ou l’heurématologie au service de l’histoire
Authors: Chassignet Martine
Published: June 2021

L’annaliste latin Cn. Gellius consacre le début de son œuvre à un catalogue de «découvreurs» ou d’«inventeurs» mythiques, italiens mais aussi grecs et moyen-orientaux. L’heurématologie permet vraisemblablement à Cn. Gellius d’insister, dans l’évocation de la protohistoire de Rome, sur l’ancienneté de la civilisation en Italie et de présenter l’Italie comme une noble émule de la Grèce.
Comment les Mèdes ont raconté leur histoire : l’épopée d’Arbacès et le Médikos Logos d’Hérodote
Authors: Flusin Marguerite
Published: June 2021

Arbaces’ epic, the Median history of Ctesias until Niniveh’ fall (Diod. Sic. II 1, 21 and 23-28), and Herodotus’ Mêdikos Logos (I 95-105) are two legends used by the Medes to explain their victory over Assyria in 612 B.C. The actual course of events is changed in them by themes (i.e. the conquest of kingship in the epic, the succession of empires in the logos), which give the historical dimension and the explanation of the victory : the Median kingship, which fights for arta, had to wrest the dominion over Upper Asia from the Assyrians. If they give little information about the Medes’ past, these legends are of great import in order to understand their conception of kingship.
Flavius Josèphe entre Polybe et Jérémie
Authors: Hadas-Lebel Mireille
Published: June 2021

Comment Josèphe a-t-il appris le métier d’historien ? Vraisemblablement de ses lectures grecques, mais pas, comme on l’a souvent affirmé, de Thucydide, jamais mentionné et trop éloigné de ses préoccupations. Parmi les historiens grecs qu’il cite, seul Polybe fournit explicitement une méthode historique tout en s’intéressant à un sujet central pour Josèphe : la montée en puissance de Rome. Sur bien des points, les théories de Polybe (une histoire contemporaine, écrite par un homme d’action, dégageant les causes à différents niveaux) sont mises en application par Josèphe, sans qu’on puisse affirmer une lecture directe de l’historien grec. En revanche, Josèphe connaît Jérémie et se compare plus ou moins explicitement au prophète ; dans une situation analogue (le siège de Jérusalem), il laisse s’exprimer douleur et indignation. A la différence de Polybe et comme la plupart des historiens de son temps, Josèphe fait une place importante au songes et présages qu’il interprète dans le sens d’une Providence gouvernant les événements. C’est en définitive la conception biblique qui est sous-jacente à sa philosophie de l’histoire.
Le paysage sacré dans la peinture de vases grecque
Authors: Halm-Tisserant Monique
Published: June 2021

La technique (graphique) de la peinture de vases et la sujétion des compositions à l’échelle humaine n’ont pu qu’entraver la représentation du paysage dans le champ des vases. Toutefois, fût-ce sous forme d'excerpta, on rencontre des paysages construits dans les images de sanctuaires, urbains, champêtres, funéraires, ainsi que dans l’iconographie des hauts lieux cultuels, imposés par les thèmes empruntés au théâtre. Mais seuls les peintres de la fin du vè et du ivè s. représentèrent de véritables paysages. Contraires aux usages, ils imposèrent de renoncer à des contraintes (isocéphalie), d’enraciner les constructions dans le sol — et non plus dans le cadre — , de rendre la succession des plans dans la profondeur, de ramener enfin les échelles des figures et des édifices à celle de la nature même.
Observations sur le lexique de la Rhétorique à Alexandre
Authors: Chiron Pierre
Published: June 2021

As many technical works, the pseudo-aristotelian treatise quoted as Rhetorica ad Alexandrum, that is usually considered as having been written by Anaximenes Lampsacenus, has experienced «fluid» transmission. We now have the proof, based on several old witnesses and a papyrus, that not only has the text been modified by the usual accidents linked to transmission, but that it has in fact been rewritten. However, the documents that could play the role of comparison instruments are most fragmentary, and do not permit to evaluate the dimension of the phenomenon. Our aim is to perform this evaluation by examining the lexicon — namely technical — of the document. It appears that alterations of the text are relatively mild and do not significantly affect the initial features (middle of the IVth century B.C.) of most of the doctrine.
Beatus Rhenanus et Tacite : son Trésor du style tacitéen (1533) et les termes sonor (An. 1,65,1) et genticus (An. 3,43,2). A la mémoire de Jacques Chomarat
Authors: Hirstein James
Published: June 2021

Le style de Tacite a suscité de nombreuses études durant ces deux derniers siècles. On s’est intéressé notamment à son évolution et à l’influence de Virgile. Il est ainsi utile d’avoir le point de vue d’un lecteur, hautement qualifié, d’une époque différente. Beatus Rhenanus (1485-1547) fait publier en tête de son édition des Opera omnia de 1533 un catalogue de 60 pages des faits marquants du style tacitéen (le Thesaurus ou le «Trésor»). Les trois parties de l’article offrent, respectivement, une description de la nature du Thesaurus, un examen de la manière dont Rhenanus y traite des passages 1,65 des Annales (surtout le terme de sonor) et 3,43,2 (le terme de genticus, a, um), et une comparaison entre son approche et celle qu’on utilise de nos jours devant le lexique changeant et le coloris «poétique» de Tacite.
Peut-on parler d’une religion grecque ?
Authors: Lévy Edmond
Published: June 2021

Les divinités olympiennes anthropomorphes, qui constituent un panthéon de douze dieux principaux, sont représentées de la même manière à peu près partout en Grèce. Mais les épiclèses individualisent les dieux et surtout les vieilles représentations comme les xoana, qui sont les plus saintes, et les cultes locaux restent très différents. Cependant les grands sanctuaires contribuent à l’unité religieuse de la Grèce, tandis que les cultes nouveaux sont généralement débarrassés des particularismes locaux.
Base de trépied délienne
Authors: Llinas Christian
Published: June 2021

Jusqu’ici inédit, l’élément inférieur d’une base de trépied hexagonale de Délos complète la liste dressée en 1973 par P. Amandry et J. Ducat ; il ressemble étroitement au numéro 7 de cette liste et doit dater lui aussi de l’époque hellénistique (IIe s. av. J.C. ?). Il se trouve actuellement à l’Ouest du Temple des Athéniens, mais cela ne prouve pas qu’il faille le rapprocher d’un des trépieds mentionnés par les inscriptions dans le Grand Temple d’Apollon.
Le rôle du palais dans l’économie hittite
Authors: Gonnet Hatice
Published: June 2021

Dans l’empire hittite, la terre appartenait aux communautés villageoises ou au roi. Les terres royales étaient exploitées au profit du palais, ou confiées à des personnes ou à des institutions. Leur gestion était assurée par des intendants qui organisaient l’entreposage des denrées agricoles dans des greniers et le transport d’une partie d’entre elles des provinces vers la capitale.
Les archives palatiales d’Ugarit
Authors: Lackenbacher Sylvie
Published: June 2021

Les scribes d’Ugarit utilisaient deux langues ayant chacune leur écriture. Dans le palais du Bronze récent ont été retrouvées cinq archives principales, jadis situées à l’étage. L’analyse de leur contenu montre que chaque dépôt conservait des tablettes dans les deux langues, dans des proportions variables, et que s’ils étaient surtout consacrés à un type de document, ce n’était jamais exclusivement ; elle suscite aussi plusieurs questions.
Contenu, contexte et fonction du «trésor» du palais mycénien de Thèbes (Béotie) : une approche économique et administrative
Authors: Aravantinos Vassilis L.
Published: June 2021

L’objet de cette communication est de présenter, de manière synthétique, les recherches anciennes et plus récentes menées à Thèbes, sur la Cadmée, dans le secteur du palais mycénien qui est connu sous le nom de «pièce au trésor». En effet, les fouilles anciennes n’ont pas fait, pour l’instant, l’objet d’une publication exhaustive. Cette communication combine les données archéologiques ‒ qui sont ici présentées en détail ‒ et les trouvailles épigraphiques afin d’élaborer des hypothèses sur les différentes phases, le fonctionnement, et le rôle dans les échanges régionaux et internationaux du palais mycénien de Thèbes.
Qualche osservazione sui cereali nei testi micenei
Authors: Franceschetti Adele
Published: June 2021

Les deux types de céréales que nous retrouvons dans les textes en linéaire B, souvent dans une proportion de 1 à 2, correspondent sans doute au rapport de 1 à 2 que nous rencontrons à l’époque classique entre le blé et l’orge. Alors que les quantités associées aux distributions de blé plaident en faveur d’attributions de rations alimentaires aux personnes rémunérées par le palais, il semblerait que les quantités liées aux distributions d’orge soient, dans la plupart des cas, des attributions faites à des individus gravitant dans l’orbite des sanctuaires.
André Chastagnol et l’Italie d’époque impériale
Authors: Christol Michel
Published: June 2021

André Chastagnol a abordé l’histoire de l’Italie romaine à partir des cadres administratifs de l’Antiquité tardive. Mais, ce faisant, il a pu affronter la question de l'Histoire Auguste, en proposant, dès 1955, de retenir une date de composition correspondant aux dernières années du IVe siècle ap. J.-C. Ce n’est que plus tard qu’il est remonté vers l’Italie augustéenne, considérée comme cadre du recrutement des sénateurs et de la
André Chastagnol et le Sénat de Rome au Bas-Empire
Authors: Millar Fergus
Published: June 2021

Dans la vaste série des travaux d’André Chastagnol, le Sénat romain de l’époque impériale a toujours occupé une place importante, comme déjà dans la Préfecture urbaine et les Fastes. Le Sénat est, bien sûr, le sujet du livre intitulé Le Sénat romain à l’époque impériale : recherches sur la composition de l'Assemblée et le statut de ses membres. Comme l’indique le sous-titre, l’intérêt d’André Chastagnol pour le Sénat portait essentiellement sur les personnes. Cependant, comme nous le rappelle la Curie reconstruite par Dioclétien qui subsiste encore sur le Forum, une autre question se présente, celle des réunions du Sénat. Qui avait le droit d’y siéger ? De quels sujets discutait-on et quelles décisions y étaient-elles prises ? Quel était le rôle de l’éloquence au Sénat ? Quels étaient les rapports du Sénat en tant qu’assemblée avec l’empereur et quelle était l’influence du Sénat de Rome sur la législation impériale ? Ce texte se propose de présenter quelques réflexions à ce propos.
L’énigme Flavius Clemens, consul et martyr sous Domitien ou : le personnage historique et ses doubles littéraires
Authors: Pouderon Bernard
Published: June 2021

The consul Flavius Clemens, is to be distinguished from the bishop Clemens. The clementine novels may show that he was a judeo-christian.
al-Fârâbî repense la démocratie grecque en platonisant : point de vue historique
Authors: Mansouri Saber
Published: June 2021

Le nom d’al-Fârâbî coïncide souvent avec son ouvrage Opinions des habitants de la cité vertueuse, dans lequel la philosophie grecque, notamment celle de Platon, exerce une influence considérable. Ce qui est remarquable dans la lecture des ses différentes traités, c’est l’ensemble des cités non vertueuses parmi lesquelles figure la démocratie. Il s’agit, bien entendu, de la démocratie athénienne. Son analyse et ses critiques de cette forme de gouvernement restent tributaires de celles de Platon, car l’argument historique lui échappe.
Un papyrus strasbourgeois inédit de Thucydide, III 42, 1 ; 43, 3-4
Authors: Fournet Jean-Luc
Published: June 2021

Edition of a papyrus fragment belonging to a copy of Thucydides’ Histories and conserved at the Bibliothèque Nationale et Universitaire de Strasbourg. Its interest lies in its bibliological form, revealing how Thucydides’ work was conceived of by the Ancients, and in its late date, which confirms that this author was by far the most read of the Greek historians till the end of Egyptian hellenism. The fact that Thucydides was considered as a rhetorical model is one of the reasons of this success.
L’inattendu et l’extraordinaire. Les emplois de παράδοξος dans les Histoires de Polybe
Authors: Frazier Françoise
Published: June 2021

Although Polybios reproves the introduction of sensational elements in historiography, he uses the words παράδοξος or παραδόξως· 148 times in his Histories. Examination of these occurrences shows that he does not contradict himself : carefully analysing the unexpected or (apparently) extraordinary events men meet with in their lives, the historian most often teaches them how to react energetically and sometimes reminds them of human fragility.
Homère à Délos
Authors: Farnoux Alexandre
Published: June 2021

Deux textes antiques témoignent de la présence d’Homère à Délos. Leur étude fournit, d’une part, l’occasion de préciser un point d’histoire religieuse à Délos ; d’autre part, un exemple peu connu — mais conforme à un phénomène plus large — de la fabrication d’Homère comme poète.
Protagoras et son procès d’impiété : peut-on soutenir une thèse et son contraire ?
Authors: Lenfant Dominique
Published: June 2021

Nowadays, scepticism prevails about the trial of Protagoras, but the arguments in its favour are not conclusive : the chronology and the nature of the sources require a sharper analysis. In fact, the elaboration of biographical traditions in the Hellenistic period presents too many uncertainties to allow any assurance. One cannot affirm that the trial did or did not take place. Therefore one should not draw general conclusions from this case, as has been regularly done, when an effort has been made to denounce or else to deny the so-called Athenian intolerance. The meaning which modem scholars have given to the case is, in fact, irrelevant, especially when they use concepts such as “intellectual freedom” or “intolerance”.

The first appendix shows that the Aristotelian evidence on the trial of Protagoras is not improbable. The second appendix argues against the inconclusive arguments of sceptical scholars in favour of the historicity of the decree of Diopeithes.
L’impiété de Socrate
Authors: Donnay Guy
Published: June 2021

Le premier délit dont Socrate était accusé, «ne pas reconnaître les dieux que reconnaît la cité», est identique à celui qui avait entraîné la condamnation d’Anaxagore ; il visait les théories matérialistes que Socrate enseignait avant de se consacrer exclusivement à la morale. Le second, «avoir introduit d’autres démons nouveaux», se référait à la démonologie propre aux Pythagoriciens, dont il partageait les croyances. Que ces dernières aient pu constituer un délit à l’époque s’explique par les liens de leurs adeptes avec les clubs aristocratiques tenus pour responsables du désastre de 404.
À propos de Pénélope
Authors: Carlier Pierre
Published: June 2021

Les prétendants veulent usurper la royauté d’Ulysse par le mariage avec la reine. Pénélope, qui a percé à jour leurs intentions, les prend au piège de leur propre stratégie, en les faisant longtemps attendre, puis en leur proposant l’épreuve de l’arc qui doit les déconsidérer. Le poète de l'Odyssée ne prête à Pénélope aucune ambiguïté à l’égard des prétendants, et, s’il insiste sur la faiblesse de sa situation, c’est pour mieux souligner sa virtuosité dans l’usage de la ruse.
Destins d’Œdipe : héritages et déshérences. Epilegomena hellénistiques
Authors: Siebert Gérard
Published: June 2021

Dans la légende d’Œdipe, l’épisode de la Sphinx continue de susciter les interrogations des spécialistes de la littérature grecque comme des historiens de l’art. Son évolution à l’époque archaïque — du combat avec le monstre à l’affrontement intellectuel par l’énigme — , puis la floraison de textes littéraires et d’images à l’époque classique sont suivis, à l’époque hellénistique, d’une étrange déshérence. Quelques représentations de la figure rouge italiote, une petite douzaine de bols à reliefs homériques (dont un fragment fera ici l’objet d’une interprétation nouvelle), une fresque de Délos forment entre le IVe et le Ier s. av. notre ère le maigre corpus de l’imagerie œdipéenne. Le mythe semble être tombé en désuétude en même temps qu’une certaine vision tragique de la condition humaine, avant de retrouver, par l’eschatologie romaine, un regain de vitalité.
«La nouvelle de ma mort est très exagérée»
Authors: Woronoff Michel
Published: June 2021

The device of announcing a “false death” is an essential motif in the Greek novel of the imperial period. It is used by Chariton as well as by Heliodorus and Achilles Tatius. But in the novel of Chaereas and Callirhoe the reader is constantly let into the secret, whereas Heliodorus and Achilles Tatius take pleasure in troubling their public before telling in detail the tricks which allow the heroine to be restored to life. In three passages of Leucippe and Clitophon the maiden is disembowled before her fiancé’s eyes, then beheaded ; to conclude, an imaginary murderer confesses his crime.The off-hand manner used by the novelist in his narrative and the irony with which he copies the predicaments in the Aethiopica lead us to consider Leucippe and Clitophon as a pastiche of Heliodorus’ novel, and to place the two novels at the end of the Second Century A.D.
Platon et la liberté
Authors: Lévy Edmond
Published: June 2021

Plato refers often to eleutheria. He insists on the necessity of preserving the independence without falling into an imperialism harmful to the city itself. Although he censures tyranny, which subordinates the best one to the worst one, he criticizes also the libertarian excesses of democracy and promotes an aristocratic and philosophical concept of freedom as an ideal which implies duties : the free ought to be free.
La liberté du chrétien dans l’apologétique et l’hagiographie antiques. Statim Christiana libertate prorumpens (Pass. Mart. Abitinae, 7)
Authors: Chapot Frédéric
Published: June 2021

In the Passion of Abitinae's Martyrs the expression christiana libertas, which characterizes the heroic attitude of young Victoria, implies that there is a specific Christian way of being free. This wording may allude to the παρρησία of the martyr. But, more deeply, the expression echoes the Christian thoughts defined by the apologists (especially Tertullian, Apologetics, 24 and 49) on freedom considered as the basis of martyrdom, conversion and religion in a broader sense. The idea was new in antiquity, and we owe it to the Christian thinkers that the characteristics of the philosophers’ freedom of conscience have been transposed into the religious field. But a further reason may justify the use of the expression in the text of the Passion : it is likely to be a donatisi addition aimed at reminding the Catholics of the demands of a true Christian freedom.
La peur d’Oreste. Un problème textuel dans Euripide Or. 836-7
Authors: Telò Mario
Published: June 2021

Quest’articolo tenta di dimostrare che in Eur. Or. 836 si deve accogliere a testo la lezione offerta da P. Mich. 3735 φόβῳ senza la correzione nell'accusativo introdotta da Diggle. Si tratterebbe di un dativo di causa che specifica l'espressione δρομάσι δινεύων βλεφάροις riferita allo sguardo di Oreste perseguitato dalle Erinni : il particolare movimento rotatorio degli occhi di Oreste qui descritto trova corrispondenza, infatti, in un sintomo patologico (la περίβλεψις) presentato negli scritti ippocratici come effetto della paura. Il confronto con Phoe. 1 124-5 può dare ulteriore conferma della validità di questa scelta testuale.