ЦИФРОВЫЕ ДВОЙНИКИ ГОРОДОВ: ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ И ПРЕИМУЩЕСТВА
Authors: Мухачёва А.В. , Иванова О.Э. , Парфенов А.А. 
Published: February 2025

Цифровизация является неотъемлемой частью современного мира и оказывает огромное влияние на развитие городов. В данной работе рассмотрены понятие цифрового двойника города, его сущность и функции, приведены конкретные примеры и подробно описаны возможности цифровых двойников зарубежных и российских городов, а также представлена информация о платформах создания цифровых моделей городов. Цифровой двойник будет являться для города той виртуальной платформой, которая содержит в себе всю необходимую информацию для оптимизации городских процессов. Он позволит видеть прошлое города, анализировать его настоящее и моделировать будущее, что, несомненно, способствует наиболее эффективному развитию городской инфраструктуры и повышает уровень жизни населения.

Introduction. Digitalization is a megatrend in modern economic development that determines the need for the integration of end-to-end digital technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Big Data, Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) into territory management. Today, digital city modeling is indispensable for the development of regional centers and, in particular, million-plus cities to optimize logistics flows, urban planning, environmental management, security, etc. The aim of the study is to consider the capabilities and benefits of city digital twins and analyze the existing digital twins of cities around the world. The object of the studyis city digital twins (models) in Russia and worldwide. Results. In most cases, the creation of a digital twin of an entire city is carried out as part of a smart city project which relates to digitalization of the city and aims to improve the quality of life of its citizens through the introduction of innovative technologies and the Internet of things (IoT) into the urban environment. The smart city concept is already being implemented by dozens of megapolices across the globe including New York, Boston, Singapore, Stockholm, Tokyo, Helsinki. At present, cities of Russia are just exploring the concept of city digital twins; however, many regions are striving for digitalization, and there are already examples of pilot versions of the digital models of Russian cities. Moscow and St. Petersburg have made the most progress in urban digitization; in these cities, roadmaps for creating virtual models have already been approved, methodological recommendations from market participants are being collected, the urban space is being digitized, and a full transition to design using the Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology is planned. The digital twin of Kronstadt provides the following opportunities: it can serve as a test site for urban development projects and enables "smart" urban planning, testing innovations at optimum costs, and exercising full control over the state of urban facilities owing to high accuracy data. Conclusion. The creation of a digital twin is an essential part of the digitalization of a city. This technology provides numerous opportunities for optimizing all urban processes, which will greatly facilitate and speed up the process of infrastructure development. Digitalization of the urban environment will help improve the quality of life of the population, more effectively ensure environmental protection and law enforcement, optimize logistics flows, and solve many other tasks of municipal development.