bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing Fracture Toughness of Sheet Alloys for Use in Lightweight Cryogenic Tankage
Authors: Espey G. B. , Jones M. H. , Brown W. F.
Published: February 2024

Several factors affect the fracture toughness and tensile strength properties of sheet alloys. Some of these are described for selected alloy conditions tested at 75 and −423 F. Included are: (1) the influence of rolling temperature and reduction per pass on the properties of air-melted Inconel X and AISI 301 given heavy total reductions, (2) the influence of normal commercial cold rolling to heavy reductions on consumable electrode vacuum melted AISI 301 and on air-melted AISI 310, V-36 and Inconel X, and (3) the influence of interstitial content on the properties of annealed 5Al-2.5Sn titanium. The 1-in. wide sharp-edge-notch test was used to evaluate the relative resistance to brittle fracture. Extremely high tensile strength values can be achieved by heavy rolling (≥50 per cent) of AISI type 301 at subzero temperatures. However, very brittle behavior is associated with these conditions. Furthermore, preliminary results do not indicate a definite toughness advantage associated with any particular combination of rolling temperature and total reduction. Of the alloys heavily cold rolled under commercial conditions, AISI type 301 appears to offer the best combination of strength and toughness at both room temperature and −423 F. Regarding the influence of interstitials on the alpha titanium alloy, it is clear that interstitial contents within the currently “normal” range can reduce the fracture toughness at cryogenic temperatures. Nominal values of fracture toughness (neglecting slow crack extension) have been used to illustrate the practical significance of sharp-edge-notch tensile data in the design of cryogenic tankage. This is accomplished by calculation of the critical stresses necessary to cause catastrophic propagation of cracks of different size. When the design is based on the cryogenic mechanical properties, this approximate analysis indicates a low interstitial alpha titanium alloy to be the most promising material for liquid hydrogen tanks investigated; on the other hand, if the design is based on the room-temperature mechanical properties, AISI 301 cold rolled 70 per cent (840,000 room-temperature yield strength to density ratio) is superior. This analysis emphasizes that crack tolerance is substantially reduced when the operating temperature is decreased from that of liquid oxygen to that of liquid hydrogen. This decrease in the “margin of safety” is accentuated as the strength level of the alloy is increased.
Introduction
Authors: Peterson C. O.
Published: February 2024

A number of years have passed since the expertise of those closely involved in the sealant, glass, and glazing industry has been organized uniformly to present new applications, developments, and status in the industry. This symposium was organized to fill an overdue need to focus industry expertise in the following categories with planned symposium concentration roughly divided by the indicated percentages: new developments, 50 percent new applications, 25 percent status or state of the art, 25 percent Past and current practice in dry-glazed pressure curtain-wall applications, problems which have occurred, and proposed solutions including gasket design, represent both new developments and new applications in curtain-wall design. Test methods, data, and design parameters concentrating on structural properties of lock-strip gaskets will provide designers and users with new, useful information. Use of silicone as a structural element in glazing is a significant, new, innovative development in the field.
Structural Sealant Glazing
Authors: Hilliard J. R. , Parise C. J. , Peterson C. O.
Published: February 2024

The concept, fundamental design principles, testing, and application considerations of structural sealant glazing are covered. These describe how certain sealants can be used structurally in transferring wind loads from glass to structural elements as well as for joint weather seals. This permits elimination of the traditional metal stop for glass retention where less metal or an all-glass appearance is desired.
Introduction
Authors: Little R. E.
Published: February 2024

A run-out in fatigue testing occurs when the specimen endures a predetermined large number of cycles and the test is then terminated to conserve time. The data recorded for a run-out specimen are the alternating stress amplitude imposed (Sa) (or equivalent information) and the number of cycles (Nf*) defining a run-out for the given test program. The corresponding data recorded for a failed specimen are the observed fatigue life (Nf) and the alternating stress amplitude imposed (Sa), but the observed fatigue life itself is not subsequently used in statistical analysis to estimate the fatigue limit (that is, the fatigue strength at Nf* cycles). Rather, the fatigue data are analyzed as quantal response data where the relevant issue is only whether each given specimen did or did not fail prior to Nf* cycles. Fatigue limits are generally estimated using only a few specimens. Thus it is vital that each specimen be allocated efficiently to the alternating stress amplitude imposed in testing. But even with optimal allocation the only goal remotely attainable in a test program employing only a few specimens is a reasonably precise estimate of the median fatigue limit based on the assumption that the standard deviation of the fatigue strength distribution is known from prior experience and data. Such median fatigue limit estimates may be sensitive to certain assumptions made in analysis. Thus engineering judgment is required in interpreting these fatigue limit estimates. This publication presents tables generated by alternative analyses, thereby providing the fatigue analyst quantitative means to examine the effect of various assumptions on the resulting fatigue limit estimate. It is expected that this information will enable the analyst to estimate the median fatigue limit using a combination of statistical procedure and engineering judgment.
Influence of densification on structural performance and failure mode of cross-laminated timber under bending load
Authors: Pradhan Suman , Mohammadabadi Mostafa , Entsminger Edward D. , Ragon Kevin
Published: February 2024

The effect of densification of the laminas was studied relative to the shear performance of cross-laminated timber (CLT) specimens submitted to the bending test. The three-layered CLT panels were fabricated using loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). A compression ratio (CR) of 50% was used to densify the lumber using the thermomechanical densification technique. The process included plasticizing the lumbers by soaking them in boiling water for 10 minutes and then hot-pressing to the target thickness at 140 °C. Four groups were made, i.e., a control sample with all three layers non-densified, only mid-layer densified, all layers densified, and all layers planed to the same thickness of densified layers. Specimens were tested in short-span bending with a span-to-depth ratio of eight. For specimens having densified mid-layer, the failure mode changed from rolling shear to tensile failure of the outer layer, and the maximum shear stress was increased by 34%. Densification of the mid-layer at CR of 16% was sufficient to change the failure mode from rolling shear in mid-layer to tensile in outer layer. In the case of all-layer-densified specimens, the maximum rolling shear strength was increased by 129% compared to the control.
Mechanical properties of epoxy composites reinforced with Areca catechu fibers containing silicon carbide
Authors: Ramasubbu Rajkumar , Kayambu Arumugam , Palanisamy Sivasubramanian , Ayrilmis Nadir
Published: February 2024

The physical and chemical attributes of Areca catechu fiber (ACF) were explored. ACF is attractive because of its high cellulose content at 63.2 wt%. The mechanical properties were evaluated for Areca catechu fiber-reinforced epoxy composites, in which silicon carbide (SiC) was used as filler. The studied properties included water absorption, flexural strength, impact strength, tensile strength, and hardness properties. The tensile and flexural properties improved when the filler content increased from 40 to 50 wt%, but further increment in the filler content reduced the strength values. The addition of SiC adversely affected the bending and flexural properties of the composites at 40 and 50 wt% filler content, but it positively affected the properties at 60 wt% filler content. The hardness of the composites increased with the addition of 10% silicon carbide. From the results of this study, it is recommended that the ratio of silicon carbide in the composite should not exceed 10 wt% due to agglomeration. The composites containing 10 wt% SiC can be used for outdoor applications such as decking, railing, garden fencing, cladding, and siding applications.
Smoking Susceptibility and Trends Among Nonsmoking Adolescents: An International Study
Authors: Liu Huaqing , Qi Qi , Duan Ying , Cui Yan , Chen Yan , Zhou Chengchao
Published: February 2024

OBJECTIVES

Smoking susceptibility is defined as a lack of firm decision against smoking, usually starts in the preparation and/or initiation stages of smoking behavior, and is a strong predictor of smoking experimentation during adolescence. However, the recent global prevalence and trends in smoking susceptibility among adolescents are not well documented. This study assessed global smoking susceptibility and secular trends among nonsmoking adolescents.

METHODS

Smoking susceptibility was analyzed using the most recent data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey from 129 countries, where the data from each country were drawn from at least 1 survey conducted at any time between 1999 and 2020. Moreover, data from 82 countries were used to assess the average annual rate of change (AARC) in smoking susceptibility over time.

RESULTS

Smoking susceptibility among nonsmoking adolescents was 19.6%. A U-shaped relationship was observed between susceptibility and a country’s economic level. Most countries showed no changes in susceptibility over time. Countries with a significant upward trend in susceptibility were primarily high-income and upper middle-income countries in the American region. At the World Health Organization regional level, susceptibility significantly decreased in the European region (AARC: −3.5%; 95% confidence interval, −5.8 to –0.8); however, it significantly increased in the American region (AARC: 2.2%; 95% confidence interval, 1.3–3.1).

CONCLUSIONS

Smoking susceptibility remains a serious public health challenge among adolescents worldwide. More public health policies are needed to reduce susceptibility and to control its upward trend in the American region and high-income countries.
Impact of endogenous analgesia triggered by acupuncture, stress, or noxious stimulation on REM sleep-deprived rats
Authors: Sardi Natalia F. , Natume Priscila , Watanabe Thainá , Pescador Ana Carolina , Torres-Chavez Karla E. , Tobaldini Glaucia , Fischer Luana
Published: February 2024

Poor sleep increases pain, at least in part, by disrupting endogenous pain modulation. However, the efficacy of endogenous analgesia in sleep-deprived subjects has never been tested. To assess this issue, we chose three different ways of triggering endogenous analgesia: (1) acupuncture, (2) acute stress, and (3) noxious stimulation, and compared their ability to decrease the pronociceptive effect induced by REM-SD (Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Deprivation) with that to decrease inflammatory hyperalgesia in the classical carrageenan model. First, we tested the ability of REM-SD to worsen carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia: A low dose of carrageenan (30 µg) in sleep-deprived Wistar rats resulted in a potentiated hyperalgesic effect that was more intense and longer-lasting than that induced by a higher standard dose of carrageenan (100 µg) or by REM-SD alone. Then, we found that (1) acupuncture, performed at ST36, completely reversed the pronociceptive effect induced by REM-SD or by carrageenan; (2) immobilization stress completely reversed the pronociceptive effect of REM-SD, while transiently inhibited carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia; (3) noxious stimulation of the forepaw by capsaicin also reversed the pronociceptive effect of REM-SD and persistently increased the nociceptive threshold above the baseline in carrageenan-treated animals. Therefore, acupuncture, stress, or noxious stimulation reversed the pronociceptive effect of REM-SD, while each intervention affected carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia differently. This study has shown that while sleep loss may disrupt endogenous pain modulation mechanisms, it does not prevent the activation of these mechanisms to induce analgesia in sleep-deprived individuals.
Investigation of the nutritional habits of students receiving coaching education: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kırkbir Hakan , Tanyeri Özge Sezik , Hacicaferoglu Serkan
Published: February 2024

Background and Study Aim. The aim of this study is to examine the nutritional knowledge levels and habits of the students who will work in the field of sport sciences in Turkey and who are studying in the Faculties of Sport Sciences.
Material and Methods. The sample of the study consisted of 186 volunteer university students studying in the coaching departments of the Faculties of Sport Sciences, selected by simple random sampling method. General scanning model was used in the research. The data in the study were collected using the 32-item “Nutrition Knowledge Scale for Adults”.
Results. Within the scope of the scores in both sub-dimensions of the scale, it was determined that the perception scores of the participants in terms of independent variables were statistically close to each other and they had knowledge about nutrition in general. It was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the nutritional knowledge levels according to the age variable, and the effect level was close to the middle. It was determined that there was no significant difference between other variables and nutrition.
Conclusions. In addition to a healthy life, healthy nutrition is important for coaches in the continuity of their professional life. It would be beneficial to have more information about nutrition in school curriculum. This will contribute to the fight against obesity, which is today's disease.
Investigation of balance performance of wrestling and kickboxing athletes
Authors: Löklüoğlu Berkay , Yılmaz Sercan , Özcan Sedat , Tatlıcı Ali
Published: February 2024

Background and Aim. Balance performance is one of the significant requirements to achieve success in wrestling and kickboxing. Although the evaluation of balance performance is important in both sports branches, there are a limited number of studies on this subject. Additionally, there is no study comparing the two branches in terms of balance performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the balance performances of wrestling and kickboxing athletes.
Material and Methods. Thirteen Greco-Roman wrestlers (age: 20.69 ± 1.32 years, height: 176.0 ± 4.30 cm, body mass: 75.54 ± 6.81 kg) and thirteen kickboxers (age: 20.23 ± 2.49 years, height: 177. 62 ± 5.03 cm, body mass: 77.08 ± 8.44 kg) who participated in national competitions were included in the study voluntarily. The Biodex Balance System (BBS, Biodex Medical Systems Inc., Shirley, NY) was used to test dynamic balance and three index scores were recorded: overall stability index (OSI), anterior-posterior stability index (APSI) and medio-lateral stability index (MLSI). Dynamic balance measurements of the participants were conducted with eyes open condition. An independent sample t-test was used to compare the outputs of the dynamic balance tests of wrestlers and kickboxers. All statistical analyses were conducted using the SPSS software package, version 24.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
Results. The comparison of dynamic balance between kickboxers and wrestlers revealed no significant differences in the OSI, APSI, and MLSI parameters (p > 0.05). These findings suggest that despite the inherent differences in technical requirements and training protocols between kickboxing and wrestling, both groups of athletes demonstrate similar levels of proficiency in maintaining dynamic balance. Such parity challenges potential assumptions regarding disparities in balance performance across these disciplines.
Conclusions. The balance performances of wrestling and kickboxing athletes are similar, as evidenced by the lack of significant differences in dynamic balance parameters between the two groups. This suggests that balance performance may be influenced by the specific features of each sport and the training levels of the athletes, rather than inherent differences between the sports themselves.
Investigation of maximal strength performance in terms of training time routine
Authors: İlbak İsmail , Eken Özgür , Stojanović Stefan , Joksimović Marko , Pavlović Ratko , Radulović Nikola
Published: February 2024

Background and Study Aim. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in understanding the relationship between daily training time, circadian rhythms, and athletic performance. The connection between daily training time, circadian rhythms, and athletic performance continues to be a subject of research debate. Therefore, the aim of this research is to investigate whether maximal strength performance is affected by daily training time routines.
Material and Methods. This cross-sectional study involved a total of 36 male bodybuilding athletes, who were divided into three equal groups (n=12); Noon Group, Afternoon Group, and Evening Group. The distinguishing feature amongst the groups was that they had been training at different times of the day for the past 6 months, and within each group, athletes had been training at the same time of day (Noon Group 12:00-14:00; Afternoon Group 17:00-19:00; Evening Group 21:00-23:00). A one-repetition maximum squat test was administered to each group with there being a 72-hour interval between the tests.
Results. The findings from the research indicate that there is a relationship between athletes' daily training time routines and maximal strength performance. Athletes perform at their best during the time that corresponds to their daily training routine. The analysis reveals a statistically significant advantage in 1-RM squat performance for athletes adhering to their daily training time routines at various times of the day (p <0.001). Notably, Group Noon, Group Afternoon, and Group Evening achieved their highest 1-RM squat performance when following their respective daily training time routines.
Conclusions. Results underscore the importance of aligning training schedules with athletes' natural rhythms, enhancing performance optimization strategies. It is believed that effective planning for training time by coaches and conditioning experts, taking into account competition times, would be a valuable strategy.
E. Wesley Reynolds III: Coffeehouse Culture in the Atlantic World, 1950-1789
Authors: Crowden James
Published: February 2024

E. Wesley Reynolds III: Coffeehouse Culture in the Atlantic World, 1950-1789: Bloomsbury Academic, 2022: 258 pp., hardback, £85.00; paperback, £28.99.
ESTIMATING THE SPREADING RATES OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS ON UNMODIFIED CELLULOSE FILTER PAPER: IMPLICATIONS ON RISK ASSESSMENT OF TRANSPORTING HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Authors: Wickramage Heshani Manaweera , Lu Pan , Oduor Peter G. , Du J.
Published: February 2024

The transportation of hazardous materials (HAZMATs) poses an inherent threat to human health and the environment.
To comprehensively grasp the environmental impacts of HAZMAT accidents, it is vital to estimate their potential
spread. Although numerous studies have addressed associated risks, there is a need to distinguish the spread area of key
HAZMATs. We conducted diffusion tests on an unmodified alpha-cellulose filter paper for four HAZMAT compounds:
methanol, ethanol, hydrochloric acid, and sodium hydroxide, at set temperatures. We employed an analytical solution
based on an amplitude diffusing mass model to compute the diffusion coefficients for each analyte with respect to
temperature. Fick's second law was applied using the derived diffusion coefficient values to determine the maximum
spread. A finite element model with a Crank-Nicolson formulation was used to assess the consistency between analytical and numerical models for each analyte. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S)
tests were utilized to validate the model. We can adduce that even HAZMATs with similar functional groups may have
different exposure pathway risks with temperature as a key factor. Key parameters, such as spread area, diffusion time,
porosity, temperature, and retention factors, may be important spill-site characterization parameters.
REVIEWING THE IMPACT OF MAGNETIC PRANDTL NUMBER AND MAGNETIC FORCE PARAMETER ON CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER IN BOUNDARY LAYERS
Authors: Nabwey Hossam A. , Ashraf Muhammad , Ullah Zia , Rashad Ahmed M. , Chamkha Ali J.
Published: February 2024

This review paper provides a comprehensive inspection how the magnetic Prandtl number (Prandtl number
influenced by a magnetic field) and the magnetic force parameter affect convective heat transfer in boundary layers. The investigation delves into the intricate interplay between these parameters and their implications for heat-transfer phenomena. Understanding the influence of magnetic fields on convective heat transfer holds significant importance for diverse engineering applications such as advanced technologies, heat exchangers, and cooling systems. Through a thorough analysis of existing literature, this review offers valuable insights into the complex relationship between the magnetic Prandtl number, the magnetic force parameter, and convective heat transfer in boundary layers. The main novelty of the current review is based on the perception that this review is very beneficial for the readers to establish future work in the field of magneto-material and magneto heat transfer. This review will provide the clear knowledge about the physical significances of the magnetic Prandtl number and magnetic force parameter on chief physical quantities like velocity profile, temperature distribution, skin friction, and heat-transfer rate.
Retroceso del glaciar del Carihuairazo y sus implicaciones en la comunidad de Cunucyacu
Authors: Hidalgo David , Ruíz Jean-Carlos , Maisincho Luis , Cáceres Bolívar , Crespo-Pérez Verónica , Domínguez Christian , Piedra David , Condom Thomas , Villacís Marcos
Published: February 2024

El retroceso de los glaciares es una realidad en toda la cordillera de los Andes, sobre todo en montañas de baja altitud. Uno de estos casos es la pérdida de la masa de hielo remanente en el Carihuairazo (Tungurahua, Ecuador), que en los últimos años ha experimentado un retroceso considerable. En esta investigación se intenta caracterizar el retroceso de este glaciar y su implicación en la comunidad más cercana (Cunucyacu) por medio de la aplicación de una metodología de múltiples fuentes que incluye la recopilación de aerofotografías del glaciar, datos de estaciones meteorológicas cercanas, uso de datos de reanálisis del clima global, entrevistas a miembros de la comunidad y a andinistas que trabajan y frecuentan la zona. Para caracterizar la evolución de la masa del glaciar aplicamos un modelo hidroglaciológico que usa como entrada datos de series meteorológicas y cuyos parámetros fueron calibrados con el registro fotográfico del contorno del glaciar. Como resultados se puede evidenciar una pérdida del glaciar para el 2021 equivalente al 99% de su superficie en 1956 (0.34 ). El modelo logra simular la variación del área del glaciar durante 67 años, en donde se observa un decrecimiento continuo del glaciar a partir de 1978, con cortos periodos de recuperación y equilibrio, en donde la temperatura es la variable que mejor explica el retroceso del glaciar. El modelo no logra considerar el efecto de factores externos como el caso de la erupción del volcán Tungurahua que podría favorecer el retroceso del glaciar. El glaciar Carihuairazo se encuentra en una situación de inevitable desaparición y revela las vulnerabilidades de las comunidades que se enfrentan a este fenómeno como consecuencia del cambio climático.
Design and Implementation of a Career Planning Program at Chonnam National University Medical School
Authors: Han Eui-Ryoung , Chung Eun-Kyung
Published: February 2024

Chonnam National University Medical School has designed and implemented two career planning programs: a three-phase curriculum-based program and a longitudinal non-curricular program over the course of 6 academic years. The three phases of the curriculum-based career planning program are self-assessment, career exploration, and field experience. The non-curricular career counseling program operates through a faculty advisor system, with each faculty member guiding a group of students from each academic year, and students in each year forming a mentor-mentee relationship. The non-curricular career exploration program consists of a student research support program, an international practice program in basic and clinical medicine, and a specialty exploration fair. A survey conducted among 38 graduates (54.3%) working as interns at Chonnam National University Hospital revealed that graduates preferred autonomous elective subjects within the curriculum-based program. They also responded positively to the faculty advisor system, through which they maintained close relationships. A focus group interview with three interns indicated that subjects providing direct experience in fields of interest and courses that students could choose freely were helpful in career decisions. Through follow-up research, it is necessary to design and operate a systematic career planning program based on an analysis of the needs of graduates taking part in a residency training program after selecting a medical specialty.
Career Development Programs at Yonsei University College of Medicine
Authors: Lee Youngjoon
Published: February 2024

The career choices of medical students are significant for both individual students and society, which relies on a robust public healthcare system. Medical schools should provide a conducive environment and diverse information to enable students to make mature career decisions. Yonsei University College of Medicine conducts extracurricular programs for students’ career development, including the Career Choice Expo, Career Path Survey, Special Lecture on Career Development, and a Visible Radio Show focused on career counseling. Additionally, the intracurricular activities offered by the college include career advising to students through faculty advisors in learning communities based on students’ reflective writing about career-related activities. Medical students, in the process of forming their career decisions, compare what they have learned in the medical school curriculum with information acquired through extracurricular activities, taking into consideration their individual characteristics. Through longitudinal discussions with faculty advisors in learning communities, medical students not only gain recognition for the validity of their exploratory activities but also develop a sense of self-efficacy in making career decisions. The career education program at Yonsei University College of Medicine aligns with recent perspectives emphasizing the integration of career counseling for medical students into the curriculum in order to increase effectiveness.
Immunoblotting of α-synuclein species v1
Authors: not provided arpine.sokratian , Bryant Nicole
Published: February 2024

Immunoblotting (Western blotting) protocol is specifically designed to provide an information of protein separation, gel electrophoresis, transfer procedures optimized for a-synuclein protein.
LC/MS analysis of plasma samples from PPMI v1
Authors: Chen John
Published: February 2024

Plasma samples from PPMI were analyzed by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC/MS) for a variety of metabolites (including piperine) and lipids as interrelated markers of Parkinson's disease and its pathophysiology.
Odor Retention v1
Authors: not provided sdwalto , Kordwer Jeffrey , not provided Bryan_Killinger
Published: February 2024

Odor retention test optimized for mice. This test assesses short term olfactory memory. Mice with olfactory impairments or deficits should score lower.
Immunoprecipitation for Flag-tagged proteins v1
Authors: Parmasad Jean-Louis
Published: February 2024

Immunoprecipitation for Flag-tagged proteins for various biomolecular analyses.
Intracerebroventricular administration of compound in Mus Musculus v1
Authors: Parmasad Jean-Louis
Published: February 2024

Intracerebroventricular administration of compound in Mus Musculus. Here we utilize the newly developed CDK14 covalent inhibitor, and inject it into lateral ventricle of Mus Musculus brain.
Sleep Data Analysis v1
Authors: not provided daniel.dautan , Svenningsson Per
Published: February 2024

Sleep data analysis using Neuroscore V3.0 software.
Student’s Reversible Thinking Processes: An Analysis Based on Adversity Quotient Type Climbers
Authors: Fahrudin Fadrik Adi , Sa'dijah Cholis , Hidayanto Erry , Susanto Hery
Published: February 2024

Reversibility thinking carried out mentally in mathematical operations has an important role in the process of understanding concepts as it involves developing a thinking process from beginning to end and from end to beginning. This qualitative research aims to describe students' reversible thinking processes in solving algebra problems, specifically in climber-type adversity quotient. A total of 2 students who have the climber type were selected as participants from 36 potential subjects involved in the research. Data collection was carried out by providing Adversity Response Profile questionnaires, Test of Thinking Reversible, and semi-structured interviews. Our participants solved problems according to polya stages and through forward and reverse processes. The results of data analysis show that in the forward process, there are 2 aspects of reversible thinking, namely negation and reciprocity, while in the reverse process, they involve 2 aspects of reversible thinking, namely the capability to return to initial data after obtaining the result and negation. The results suggest that student's ability to perform mental reversals indicates a strong reversible thought process, leading to more precise cognitive thinking.
The Politics of Non‐Existence
Authors: Setälä Maija
Published: February 2024

This article argues that the representation of future generations is likely to remain inadequate because of the lack of accountability mechanisms characteristic of representative relations among contemporaries. Two problems pertaining to the representation of future generations and their interests are distinguished, namely misrepresentation and negligence. Misrepresentation refers to ill-informed, biased, and purposive interpretations regarding the interests of future generations, whereas negligence involves future interests not being properly considered in policymaking. While these two problems are often intertwined, misrepresentation is a problem of epistemic and normative judgments, whereas negligence is a motivational problem. The interests of future generations are especially likely to be neglected in cases of so-called intergenerational conflict, that is, situations of welfare tradeoffs between present and future generations. Inclusive democratic deliberation is a remedy for misrepresentation, but its capacity to address negligence may be more limited. Finally, the article remarks on the role of future-regarding deliberation in representative democratic systems.
Inflation forecasting using autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) models
Authors: Ponziani Regi Muzio
Published: February 2024

This study attempts to evaluate and compare the inflation-predicting performance of several ARDL models. Since there was no cointegration, the ARDL model does not employ an error correction term. Subsequently, model development showed that ARDL(2,2) should be used. Besides the formally developed model, some other more arbitrarily chosen ARDL models were also included, i.e., ARDL(1,1), ARDL(2,0), ARDL(1,0), ARDL(0,1), and ARDL(0,2). This research measures forecasting performance with inflation as the forecasting object. The duration of the monthly inflation statistics ranged from January 2011 to July 2022. The data were separated into two categories. The training data ranged between January 2011 and December 2021. After getting the appropriate parameters from the training data, the models generated projections from January 2022 to July 2022. The research determined that ARDL (1,0) was the most accurate inflation forecasting model, followed by ARDL (0,2) and formally constructed ARDL(2,2) finished in fourth place. This study suggests that the formal development of ARDL for forecasting purposes is unnecessary. Formal ARDL development is more appropriate for root cause analysis. In addition, the single autoregressive component indicates that most of the inflation value's information originated from the prior period. This suggests that the previous period's value is Indonesia's most significant predictor of inflation. The impact of greater period lags on inflation forecasting diminishes immediately.
The impact of digitalization and economic openness on economic growth in ASEAN countries
Authors: Nurdiana Erwin Dwi , Hariyani Happy Febrina , Boedirochminarni Arfida
Published: February 2024

Digitalization with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Program is an essential means of encouraging the government to operate more openly and effectively, which can increase global economic growth. This research aims to assess how education, digitalization, and trade openness affect the economic development of ASEAN. This study uses independent variables in the form of government spending on education, individual internet users, foreign direct investment and consumer price inflation. The dependent variable is economic growth. This study uses the panel data regression method, from 2001 to 2020, with a cross-section of 7 ASEAN countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Laos, Singapore, the Philippines and Cambodia). According to the study, the economic growth in seven ASEAN countries is significantly influenced by government expenditure on education, individual internet users, and foreign direct investment. Empirical evidence confirms that digitalization positively impacts both the economy and society, as reflected in lower unemployment rates, improved quality of life, and increased access to public services and information. Furthermore, digitalization simplifies learning about various aspects and activities related to conducting trade, thereby contributing to economic growth. The limitation of the study is that there is no categorizing between developed and developing countries with different income groups that lead to different digital technology developments.
The impacts of worker and total sales of SMEs on economic growth in Central Java Province: Evidence from ARDL Bound Test
Authors: Irianto Heru , Cahyadin Malik , Widyamurti Nidyah , Harini Harini , Sarmidi Tamat , Wei Yong Sze
Published: February 2024

This study attempts to examine the impact of workers and total sales of SMEs on economic growth in Central Java Province throughout 2009:1 – 2020:4. The ARDL Bound Test is employed. The findings reveal that worker and total sales have a positive, significant, and linear impact on economic growth in the short-run. Total sales also have a positive, significant, and linear impact on economic growth in the long-run. Conversely, there is no evidence of workers' impact on economic growth. In addition, workers and total sales have a long-run cointegration on economic growth. Therefore, the local government of Central Java Province should emphasize the contribution of SME workers and total sales to stimulate economic growth in the long-run.
Macroeconomics, human development and political stability: evidence from OIC countries
Authors: Dzihny Izzatu , Wibowo Muhammad Ghafur , Ihsan Akmal
Published: February 2024

This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of macroeconomic variables on the Human Development Index (HDI) in the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) countries with political stability as the moderating variable. The GMM (Generalized Method Moment) dynamic panel and the MRA (Moderated Regression Analysis) will be used for determining the type of moderation needed as analysis techniques. In the first section, the findings state that inflation and unemployment have no effect on HDI, This is due to the fact that inflation and unemployment are very dependent on global economic fluctuation. Meanwhile, trade openness has a significant positive effect on HDI and foreign direct investment has a significant negative effect on HDI. This can add to the evidence that a high level of trade openness can support HDI values in OIC countries. Trade Openness can strengthen the economy, education, and health simultaneously by increasing prosperity through increased demand, supply, and services in numerous sectors. Secondly, the value of the moderator variable (political stability) on the relationship between unemployment and HDI demonstrates that political stability acts as a "Quasi Moderator" which means that political instability can exacerbate the negative influence of unemployment on HDI in OIC countries. This research has implications for the importance of cooperation between OIC countries in various fields, especially in increasing trade, investment, job creation and good governance to support the expansion of human development in OIC nations and to build sustainable prosperity.
Digital transformation and its impact on inclusive growth: a four-decade experience in Indonesia
Authors: Kristyanto Visi Saujaningati , Jamil Hidsal
Published: February 2024

The debate over whether digital transformation benefits or harms inclusive growth continues. Existing evidence in the literature, on the other hand, is frequently based on short study periods, subjective measurement issues, and endogeneity issues, resulting in less credible findings in previous studies. To address this gap, this study draws on four decades of Indonesian experience spanning 1980 to 2021, with a focus on two primary objectives. First, this study utilises Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to assess the key factors forming the progress of digital transformation and inclusive growth. Second, the Two-Stage Least Square (2SLS) estimation method is applied in this study to investigate the endogenous impact of digital transformation on inclusive growth. The PCA results show that medium and high-tech manufacturing play a dominant role in representing digital transformation, while GDP per capita growth and poverty alleviation are the primary contributors to measuring inclusive growth. The 2SLS estimation shows that digital transformation significantly promotes inclusive growth in Indonesia, with its impact closely related to the previous year's digital transformation status. When these findings are considered jointly, it is clear that the beneficial effects of digital transformation are mainly explained by how medium and high-tech manufacturing sectors can stimulate inclusive growth in the context of increasing GDP per capita and reducing poverty in Indonesia.
Shariah board governance and sustainability performance: analysis of sharia banking in Indonesia
Authors: Puspitasari Novia Dwi , Kasri Rahmatina Awaliah
Published: February 2024

This study aims to investigate the relationship between sharia governance and sustainability performance in the Indonesian Islamic banking industry. Sharia governance is measured by the sharia supervisory board (SSB) score and the individual attributes of its members (size, number of meetings, educational background, and diversity). Sustainability performance (SP) is proxied by its economic, environmental, and social dimensions, as defined by the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) framework. Secondary data from 2010—2020 company reports are used and analyzed using manual content analysis. Panel data regression is also employed to test the hypotheses and identify which individual attributes of the SSB influence sustainability performance. The results show that the SSB has a positive and significant effect on Indonesia’s overall SP of Islamic banking. Among the individual attributes, the frequency of SSB meetings has a positive and significant effect on overall SP, while the diversity of SSB members negatively affects economic and social SP. Meanwhile, SSB member’s size and educational background do not affect overall SP. The findings are expected to enhance understanding of Islamic bank’s development and approaches to addressing sustainability-related issues of Islamic bank. This study also contributes as consideration in the improvement of standard practices or the current implementation of sharia governance in Indonesia and to promote sustainable operations through Islamic corporate governance.
Design and Implementation of No Load, Constant and Variable Load for DC Servo Motor
Authors: Shneen Salam Waley , Dakheel Hashmia S , Abdullah Zainab B
Published: February 2024

Simulations were conducted to improve and design an appropriate control system and obtain a model with the required development to suit the operation of the engine with constant and variable loads, which are the proposed working conditions that are suitable for many applications. The current simulation aims to build and design a model for an electric motor (DC Servo motor) and a model for a conventional controller (PID). The proposed model addresses the cases of fixed and variable loads in terms of using the controller that improves the performance of the motor’s work for different conditions. Three cases were developed to conduct the proposed tests, which included the case of no-load, fixed and variable load. Tests were conducted. Without the console and for the purpose of comparison and observation of improvement, the test was conducted with the addition of the console. The results showed system performance may improve depending on usage using traditional control systems. Performance measurement criteria are adopted for the purpose of comparison and observation of performance improvement. The criteria that are adopted are rise time and stability (steady state) in addition to the ratio of the rate of under and over-shoot. Where it can be deduced from this the possibility of using different control systems, including traditional ones, to improve performance, and they include controlling the speed of the motors, as well as controlling the effort, and the consequent effects on the subject of the study, as it deals with transient cases and changing operating conditions with more than acceptable efficiency and relatively high quality. There are four state simulation include, 1st at no load without controller: rise time equal  309.886ms , overshoot equal  44.203% and undershoot equal 9.597%.2nd  at load without controller: rise time equal  216.319ms , overshoot equal  58.654% and undershoot equal 0.210%.3rd  at no load with PID controller: rise time equal  1.177s , overshoot equal  0.505% and undershoot equal 1.914%.4th   at load with PID controller: rise time equal  1.112s , overshoot equal  0.509% and undershoot equal 5.856%.
The Efficiency of an Optimized PID Controller Based on Ant Colony Algorithm (ACO-PID) for the Position Control of a Multi-articulated System
Authors: Baghli Fatima Zahra , Lakhal Yassine , Kadi Youssef Ait El
Published: February 2024

In this article, a robot manipulator is controlled by the PID controller in a closed loop system with unit feedback. The difficulty of using the controller is parameter tuning, because the tuning parameters still use the trial and error method to find the PID parameter constants, namely Proportional Gain (Kp), Integral Gain (Ki) and Derivative Gain (Kd). In this case the Ant colony Optimization algorithm (ACO) is used to find the best gain parameters of the PID. The Ant algorithm is a method of combinatorial optimization, which utilizes the pattern of ants search for the shortest path from the nest to the place where the food is located, this concept is applied to tuning PID parameters by minimizing the objective function such that the robot manipulator has improved performance characteristics. This work uses the Matlab Simulink environment, First, after obtaining the system model, the ant colony algorithm is used to determine the proper coefficients 𝐾p, 𝐾i, and Kd in order to minimize the trajectory errors of the two joints of the robot manipulator. Then, the parameters will implement in the robot system. According to the results of the computer simulations, the proposed method (ACO-PID) gives a system that has a good performance compared with the classical PID.
Humanoid Walking Control Using LQR and ANFIS
Authors: Auzan Muhammad , Lelono Danang , Dharmawan Andi
Published: February 2024

Humanoid robots possess remarkable mobility and adaptability for diverse environments. Nonetheless, accurate walking pattern tracking remains challenging, especially when employing the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) due to delays in high-mobility setpoint tracking. We propose a novel control approach to address this limitation by integrating an artificial neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) with the LQR to enhance pattern tracking. The research contributes to developing a control system that combines LQR and ANFIS to enable humanoid robots to follow various walking patterns with increased precision and efficiency and also the scheme to incorporate LQR and ANFIS. The study involves four experiments: step response, walking phase, static straight walking, and varied straight walking. Each test runs for 5 seconds with a 100-millisecond sampling rate, repeated five times, and employs the Integral Absolute Value (IAE) metric for evaluation. The LQR-ANFIS method exhibits superior performance, achieving a maximum overshoot of 0%, a rise time of 0.3 seconds, a settling time of 0.3 seconds, and a steady-state error of 0% in the step response experiment. The proposed control system also enables stable walking with step periods ranging from 0.15 to 4 seconds and step ranges of 0.05 to 0.03 meters. In conclusion, the integration of ANFIS with the LQR significantly enhances the mobility of humanoid robots, enabling them to navigate diverse environments and accurately track various walking patterns proficiently.
An Accurate Efficiency Calculation for PMSG Utilized in Renewable Energy Systems
Authors: Hamodat Zaid , Hussein Ismail Khudhur , Nasir Bilal Abdullah
Published: February 2024

Considering the importance of optimizing renewable energy systems, this paper aims at calculating the exact efficiency of a stand-alone wind turbine connected to a synchronous generator with permanent magnet excitation (PMSG). By accounting for mechanical and electrical losses (copper losses, stray load losses, iron core losses, friction losses, windings losses, and magnetizing saturation effect), the study investigates the impact of wind speed on the generator's performance and efficiency in addition to the impact of losses on the overall efficiency of (PMSG). The simulation of the PMSG dynamic model 8.5×(10)^3 V․A is executed using MATLAB/Simulink, employing a simplified equivalent circuit that accurately represents the PMSG's behavior under steady-state conditions with resistive loads. Wind speeds of 12 and 14 meters/second are chosen as fixed values to demonstrate the effect of varying wind speed on efficiency. The obtained results reveal the influence of wind speed on the PMSG efficiency. The presented findings contribute to the understanding of PMSG performance and can aid in optimizing the stand-alone wind turbine systems, they also show that the wind had an effect on the efficiency values that were obtained (97.86% at 12m/s and 97.91% at 14 m/s), while the effect of losses was very few around 3%. However, the obtained results are very good compared to previous studies to show the accuracy and validity of the suggested dynamic model.