bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exemplification of dental morbidity and morbidity by Lockers model among lawyers of Bhopal city
Authors: Lohiya Juhi , Saxena Vrinda , Jain Swapnil , Sharva Vijayta , Chaturvedi Shweta , Agrawal Swati
Published: June 2020

Background: The representation of dental morbidity and mortality through the implication of Lockers model was scientifically designed. Main focus of the study to assess the oral health related quality of life among one of the most stressful and preoccupied professionals.Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the 250 lawyers of Bhopal city to integrate oral health with quality of life integrated with oral health component. Morbid condition of dentition was assessed by WHO Dentition status and treatment needs 1997 Performa and its application on Leao and Shiham 5 scale questionnaire comparing it with quality of life. Data was collected; the relationship of DIDL scale was compared with each construct of Locker’s conceptual model on oral health. The collected data was tabulated using excel and analysis was done using SPSS 17.0 version. Pearson correlation test, ANOVA and post hoc were used to test the significance.Results: It was observed that 29.6% of lawyers had impaired quality of life due to morbid condition of dentition and mortality related issues. This shows high dissatisfaction on the part of lawyers related to the oral health. All the dimensions of DIDL scale show statically positive correlation with each other eating restriction and DMFT due to missing component and painful incidences were observed.Conclusions: Dental diseases or problems have definitive effects on individuals’ quality of life with different aspects of their oral health concerns. Such morbid condition has high impact on psychological discomfort.
Prevalence of hypertension and its modifiable risk factors among rural population aged ≥13 years
Authors: Singh S. P. , Chauhan Chitra Rani , Verma Vijayshree
Published: June 2020

Background: Hypertension is a silent physiological ailment leading to bizarre pathological complications. Every year, some 12 million fatal and 20 million nonfatal strokes and myocardial infarctions occur worldwide (WHO, 2002). Prevalence was noted between rural and urban parts of India 27.6% (23.2-32.0) and 33.8% (29.7-37.8).Methods: Study design community-based cross-sectional study. Sampling technique multistage random sampling technique was used to select representative sample from rural population of Kanpur.Results: The overall prevalence of hypertension (HTN) in our study was found to be 21.27%, more among females 23.2% than males 19.7%. The results of logistic regression analysis with HTN status as dependent variable, to identify the effects of 6 risk factors (independent variables) for hypertension body mass index (BMI), grade of work, excess salt consumption, mental stress, smoking/chewing tobacco, alcohol intake. The odds ratio was 3.57 for the BMI with lower limit of 95% C.I. being 2.73, implying that it’s at least 2.73 times related to hypertension and odds of other risk factors shows that all the 6 risk factors related statistically. There was significant correlation was found between BMI, blood pressure (BP) and age. There was signiﬁcance (p<0.01) of positive correlation BMI with both systolic and diastolic BP with correlation coefficient (0.395) was stronger than diastolic BP (0.301).   Conclusions: Overall prevalence of hypertension was 21.3%. Smoking, tobacco chewing increases the prevalence and Quantity of alcohol consumption were seemed to pose definite impact on mean systolic BP. BP levels increases steadily with increasing BMI and with decreasing level of physical activity (sedentary lifestyle).
Association of socio-demographic and specific causative factors associated with development of cataract: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Raut Pritish K. , Gupta Sachin , Burungale Shamkumar U.
Published: June 2020

Background: Cataract is a major cause of blindness worldwide, particularly so in India. Cataract constitutes 55% of total blindness in this country. It is generally acknowledged that age-related (senile) cataract is a multifactorial disease. The combined effect of these risk factors can help in better prediction of cataract as compared to their individual effects and is also helpful in determining preventive and curative interventions in development of cataract. Objective: To study the association between development of cataract and specific causative factors, socio-demographic factors.Methods: 274 patients diagnosed with cataract were interviewed with the help of a pre tested interview schedule.Results: Total of 274 cases was included in the study, of which 126 (46%) were male and 148 (54%) were female. Illiterate females being more prone for the development of cataract (p value=0.001). There are more than double the chances of developing cataract in people who are exposed to U-V radiation (OR=2.14). Out of total cases, 156 (56.9%) cases were having present or past history of addiction in the form of tobacco and the significant association was found between tobacco consumption and development of cataract (p value=0.012).Conclusions: Improvement in knowledge, literacy level and protection against U-V radiation will be helpful to reduce morbidity of senile cataract among elderly people.
Assessment of knowledge among ASHAs in the delivery of contraceptive information and services in coastal Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Palla Jayasree , Komaram Ravi Babu
Published: June 2020

Background: Government of India (GOI) is providing comprehensive integrated health care to the urban and rural people under the umbrella of National Health Mission. ASHA as an activist, a village level community health worker acts as an interface between the community and the public health care delivery system, and plays a central role in achieving population policy goals. The aim of study was to assess the knowledge component of ASHAs in the delivery of contraceptive information and services in coastal Andhra Pradesh.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh at sub-centres among 170 ASHA workers. The study area was selected by multi stage sampling technique. Data was collected using pre tested, semi-structured interview schedule. Qualitative data was expressed in percentages, and quantitative data was expressed in mean and standard deviation.Results: The mean age of ASHAs was 28.4 years (SD±3.82). Majority (75.88%) of ASHAs had completed secondary level education, 72.94% had knowledge regarding contraception for newly married couple, and 68.23% were aware of the effective time period for intake of emergency contraceptive pills. 45.88% of ASHAs were unaware of safe period.Conclusions: Majority of ASHAs had knowledge in certain areas of contraceptive information and services, whereas some are lacking knowledge regarding safe period, emergency contraceptive pills (EC pills), progesterone only pills, missed pills and period of condom use after vasectomy. Hence, it is essential to ensure that they receive quality training on contraceptive information and services from qualified personnel at regular intervals.
Impact of an educational intervention on internet usage, among students of an urban higher secondary school in Kochi, Kerala
Authors: Javed Reshma , Mohandas Sreelakshmi , John Alexander , Paul Nimitha , Kumar Retheesh
Published: June 2020

Background: Two-thirds of the 1.11 billion internet users globally are from developing countries. In India, there were 243 million internet users, in 2014. The objectives were to determine the impact of an educational intervention, on internet usage, to estimate the prevalence and to assess the pattern of usage and to assess factors associated with internet usage among students of a higher secondary school.Methods: A school-based interventional study was carried out in Model Technical Higher secondary school, randomly selected from a list of schools in the field practice area of the department. The minimum calculated sample size was 50. All students from 11th and 12th standards were included in the study. The intervention was an interactive health education session focussing on the efficient and safe use of the internet. Post-test data were collected one month after the intervention.Results: The prevalence of internet use was 97%, with the majority starting to use the internet between the ages of 11 and 14 years. Our intervention did not bring a significant change to the number of internet users; however, there was a significant decrease in the number of students using the internet from cafés, the safety concerns of which were addressed during the educational talk.Conclusions: The educational intervention had a positive impact on internet use among students. Therefore, identifying patterns of internet use among students and educating the youth regarding the proper use of the internet is essential.
Nutritional status assessment among elderly population in a rural area of South India
Authors: Palanivel Rajan S. , Jeevithan S. , Shanmugapriya D. , Padmavathy L.
Published: June 2020

Background: With growing science and technology, the proportion of elderly population is increasing worldwide. Ageing with coupled with increased risk of malnutrition in elderly and is often the neglected part resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. Early identification and intervention of the malnutrition among elderly population plays a crucial role in improve the health of the elderly. Objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of malnutrition among elderly in rural south Indian population.Methods: A Community based cross sectional study was conducted over a period of 2 months among 392 elderly population residing in a rural field practice area of a tertiary care hospital in Coimbatore. Elderly population both males and females > 60 years of age were screened for malnutrition and at risk for malnutrition using Mini Nutrition Assessment (MNA) tool. Data was analysed using Excel. p<0.05 were considered significant.Results: Majority of the study participants were in the age group of 60-70 years. 21.4% of the study participants were malnourished and 32.65% were at risk for malnutrition. The risk of malnutrition (40.57%) and malnutrition (25.71%) were high in females and is statistically significantly (p<0.05).Conclusions: Malnutrition among elderly is increasing at high rate even in rural areas. Early identification and intervention has to be done.
Childhood immunisation knowledge and timeliness among caregivers of children 0-5 years, attending immunisation clinic of a medical college in West Bengal
Authors: Das Suman , Sarkar Tapas K. , Mandal Nirmal K.
Published: June 2020

Background: Routine Immunization among children ensures nationally scheduled regular administration of vaccine dosages to infants at specified ages. Unequivocal knowledge and perceptions are essential at individual as well as community level about vaccinations throughout the country to achieve high immunisation coverage. Besides appropriate timeliness regarding childhood immunisation is also desirable. Present study was planned to assess knowledge and timeliness regarding childhood immunization among the caregivers as well as associated factors in relation to their current practice, if any.Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted at immunisation clinic of a Medical College. Considering 73% of parents were with good knowledge about immunization from previous study, sample size was calculated as 158. The data was collected administering a pre-designed, pre-tested schedule; in every visit at least 26 study subjects were selected in first-come-first basis after applying exclusion criteria. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test were applied.Results: Majority of the children (53.2%) were female and 1st baby in term of birth order (71.5%). Knowledge regarding certain aspects of immunization was reported varied from 95% (Pulse Polio should be given besides routine immunisation) to as low as 36.1% (vaccines can be given in minor illness). Overall, seven children (4.4%) missed their age appropriate immunisation and 38.6% of children was immunised in last quartile. Child immunisation in last quartile was found significantly associated with socioeconomic class (p=0.018) and occupation (p=0.019) of caregivers.Conclusions: Knowledge about certain aspects of childhood immunisation among caregivers was not satisfactory. Inappropriate timeliness regarding immunisation was noted in substantial portion of children.
Association between red cell distribution width and tumour stage in patients with resected cancer of the head of the pancreas
Authors: Pradeep Archana , Rameshan Anjana , Krishna Kumar Anjali Nair , George Leyanna Susan
Published: June 2020

Background: Predicting the clinical outcome in pancreatic cancer is often challenging due to the lack of reliable and cost effective prognostic parameters. Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW), an index of the variability in the size of the circulating RBCs has been reported to have prognostic significance in some malignancies. There is a scarcity of literature supporting its relevance in pancreatic cancer. Objective was to study the association between RDW and tumor stage in patients with pancreatic cancer attending a tertiary care hospital in South India and to correlate RDW and survival after surgery for pancreatic cancer.Methods: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected digital medical records of 254 pancreatic cancer patients, who had undergone surgery at a tertiary centre between 2002 and 2015. This was supplemented with data obtained from telephone conversations with the patients and/or their next of kin.  Results: Higher RDW values were associated with advanced tumor stages 84.2% of patients with stage 3 cancer and 92.3% with stage 4 cancer had high RDW values. High values were significantly associated with lower survival. The mean duration of survival for people with normal values was 83 months while that for patients with higher values was significantly lower at 72 months.  Conclusions: There appears to be a significant association between RDW and tumor stage in pancreatic cancer. RDW also correlates with the duration of survival in pancreatic cancer patients. Thus, it may be useful in predicting the clinical outcome in pancreatic cancer.
A study of common health problems and utilization of healthcare facilities among self-employed street vendors of Chandrapur district of Maharashtra
Authors: Meher Sonu R. , Ghatole Pushkar S.
Published: June 2020

Background: In India, more than 90% of the workforce is engaged in the informal sector for their livelihoods. About 2-2.5% of the total urban population is involved in street vending, and out of the total urban population in the informal sector 14% is constituted of street vending. Unlike legalization, economic and working conditions of street vendors, there are little studies conducted to understand the health problems faced by them. Authors sought to study the common health problems and utilization of health care services among street vendors of Chandrapur district.Methods: It was a cross-sectional quantitative study. A total of 200 street vendors were purposively selected from four tehsils of the Chandrapur district and face to face interviews were conducted.  Results: The common health problems among street vendors observed under this study were respiratory tract infections (32%), musculoskeletal problems (54.4%), gastrointestinal problems (18%), generalized weakness (12.7%), non-communicable diseases including hypertension, diabetes (26.6%). Among those who had suffered from these health problems, the majority (68%) utilized private healthcare facilities and 21% utilized public healthcare facilities.Conclusions: Though street vendors earn on daily basis, they seek healthcare services mostly from the private providers. This results in out-of-pocket expenditure for them. Therefore, it is essential to improve the overall quality of public healthcare facilities for curtailing the out of pocket expenditure. The study findings can be utilized to draw the attention of policymakers, in strategic planning the health care services for such low-income group.
Polycystic ovarian syndrome: need for life course approach
Authors: Dahiya Neha , Bharti Aakanksha , Vats Kritika , Bachani Damodar
Published: June 2020

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the leading but treatable causes of infertility among women. PCOS is a heterogeneous condition therefore it involves multiple disciplines and there is a wide research and clinical agenda. The prevalence of PCOS in India among 15-24 year old adolescents and young girls was found by Rotterdam criteria to be 22.5% and by Androgen Excess Society criteria to be 10.7%. Earlier it was considered only as a reproductive disorder but now it includes metabolic and psychological features as well. Under diagnosis of PCOS remains to be problematic. This is a complex syndrome and has an influence throughout the lifespan and requires multidisciplinary treatment approach as well as self-management. The life course approach or life course theory or the life course perspective was explored in 1960’s. In this approach individual's lives are analyzed within structural, social, and cultural contexts.
COVID-19: digital contact tracing technologies and ethical challenges
Authors: Thayyil Jayakrishnan , Kuniyil Vidya , Cherumanalil Jeeja Mathummal
Published: June 2020

Digital contact tracing technologies (DCTT) are used in public health surveillance to support rapid reporting, data management and analysis with the intention to improve the efficacy of the health system. One form DCTT that has been receiving attention in many countries facing COVID-19 epidemics is proximity tracking. Globally 47 contact tracing apps are available and for maximally effective for contact identification it should be adopted by 60-75% of a country’s population. But no country could achieve this in near future. Even with no proven efficacy for controlling the present pandemic and it has been deployed in several countries at unprecedented swiftness and in an unregulated environment. From a public health perspective, the essentiality of DCTT can be approved only if it is proved to be necessary, proportionate and sufficiently effective. Any public health measure is ethically correct, if it provides sufficient public health benefit to justify the burdens associated with it. In this context global health experts like WHO, Johns Hopikins university and Oxford university released recommendations on ethics and governance on the use of DCTT. Based on this principle a public health ethical review was done using available literature. Currently, there are no established methods for assessing the effectiveness of digital proximity tracking. More research to evaluate their effectiveness is needed. Governments, developers must ensure that COVID-19 contact- tracing apps satisfactorily address the ethical questions and must ensure the necessary but least intrusive measures for disease surveillance.
Routine immunization services in the light of COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Varughese Chinnu Sara , Shah Anuradha Kunal
Published: June 2020

World immunisation week is observed every year in the last week of 24th April to 30th April. Many parts of the world are still reeling under the threats of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) and the importance of vaccination cannot be understated even in times of any other crisis. Worldwide, millions of children are saved from the grip of infectious diseases like polio and measles, and annually, around 2 to 3 million deaths are being averted. Routine immunization services, mass vaccination campaigns, catch up, and mop up sessions through outreach activities form part of the vaccine delivery strategies.
Morphometric study of abdominal aorta and its branches
Authors: Santhi Priya K D V , Aruna Kumari G
Published: June 2020

A good knowledge on the morphology of abdominal aorta (AA) and its branch­es is important in diagnosis and surgical treatment. The aim of this study is to make morphometric measurements of AA and its branches.

The present study was conducted on 50 AA that has been removed in autopsies and were measured with calipers morphometrically to determine diameter and distances between branches. The variations of the vessels were investigated and photographed.

The mean diameter of AA was studied at various levels and recorded. The study showed a decrease in caliber from above to belowIn both sexes, diameter of Aorta above 40yrs age group is more than age group less than 40yrs. The average distance from CT-AB, CT-SMA, SMA-IMA and IMA-AB were measured as 10.92cm, 0.67cm, 4.9cm, 3.27cm, respectively.. Numerous variations were observed during the study which include absence of renal artery, origin of renal arteries one above the other, 3pairs of lumbar arteries etc.

An expertiseknowledge in morphology of AA and its branches is crucial in the diagnosis, surgical treatment and endovascular interventions of these vessels.
Perception of new medical graduates on e-assessments conducted through Microsoft Team’s portal during the covid pandemic
Authors: Khan Galzie Saniyah , Imtiaz Rasool Qazi
Published: June 2020

The effect of covid pandemic has left a vacuum effecting every field of life, with lots of question, especially on group meeting that including teaching at all levels. The impact of web-based assessment practices on the performance of undergraduate medical students is not widely studied. The modern digital global world provides e-assessment, contributing a crucial role and has powerful effects on student learning and their outcomes., , Designed e-assessments may even provide a scale to measure the progress and the effects on the outcome of institutions, including a tool to target the attention of students to focus on the learning outcomes. As e-learning includes various modes of communication both visual and audio in different formats i.e, animation, visual streaming; it motivates many e-learning processes, as it can be done in or out of the classroom, and has been proved an open-source web-based learning management system (LMS), managing the tools required for collaboration, communication, evaluation, and assessment for higher education. Online quizzes are methods for graded assessment that offers students an opportunity to gauge their level of performance on a topic including feedback to the faculty to make necessary changes in the ongoing curriculum.

: 100 First-year medical students were registered and the dates for assessment and conducting of survey before and after was fixed. Thirty MCQ and SEQ from various sections of human physiology were preloaded on the Microsoft team’s portal, from the topics covered during pandemic live on net and the students used their devices to answer the questions within the stipulated time. The results were automatically loaded at the end of the assessment. Pre- and post-test survey were conducted to investigate the significance of the E-assessment.

The students responded that the e-assessment was easy to assess, unique as they received immediate feedback, customized, and flexible. There was a significant difference in the post-test survey.

Technology has created new methods of assessment for today’s generation of students, and these advances are here to stay.

: It is possible to conduct online examinations in medical school regularly. The e learning can enhance student interests and allows immediate feedback. Since e learning is not well established in India, we hope to create awareness and change the outlook of medical students in the online teaching learning and assessment program.
Importance of the human cadaveric dissection for learning anatomy by the first year MBBS students – An observational study
Authors: Chaudhari Gunwant , Sonawane Monali , Singel T C
Published: June 2020

Medical as well as paramedical students are first exposed to the subject of Anatomy and cadaveric dissection during commencement of their studies. The cadaveric dissection is said to be an essential component to the anatomy curriculum. In recent times, with advancing technologies newer methods of learning anatomy have also been introduced.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate and understand the approach, understanding and views of the first year medical students towards the cadaveric dissection as well as its impact.

This study was conducted on a cohort of the first year medical student, where a total of 324 students of first year MBBS were recruited and circulated a preset proforma of questions in the form of two separate questionnaires. The responses of the students were recorded and analyzed.

It was observed that 97% of the students considered the cadaveric dissection an integral part of the anatomy curriculum. Majority of them were of the view that newer technologies are not superior to the traditional dissection. Various symptoms were found to be less prevalent amongst the students which could be the result of prior counseling.

Cadaveric dissection remains an inseparable part of the first year anatomy curriculum. Students are of view that it is the best method to learn anatomy. Newer methods to learn anatomy could be additional aids to facilitate the anatomy learning, but cannot replace cadaveric dissection. Practice of counseling of the students before the first exposure to cadavers eases the emotional and physical impact up to a great extent.
Clinically significant observations of hepatic lobe morphology in adult human cadavers
Authors: Swathi Poornima C
Published: June 2020

To determine and analyse clinically significant changes in hepatic lobe morphology.

An observational study was conducted over 42 adult human livers which were acquired during routine dissections conducted for the first MBBS students over a period of two years (2017-2019) at Dr. PSIMS & RF. Macroscopic thorough examination of the liver specimens was done through borders, surfaces and changes the in parenchymatous tissue was duly documented and photographed.

The common finding was prevalence of accessory fissures(50%) followed by pons hepatis (19%) which was identified as bridging the fissure for ligamentum teres(9.5%) and encapsulating the inferior vena cava in 9.5% of liver specimens. Accessory lobes account for a total of 16.6%,with incidence of Riedel's lobe being 7.1%. Tongue like process of left lobe were encountered in 9.5% specimens. Unique finding in the present study was of a liver specimen which had multiple variations on visceral, anterior and superior surfaces.

Present study comprised of multiple variations in hepatic lobe morphology, which are of great clinical significance and are interest for radiologists and gastroenterologist. Studies on liver morphology would expand the knowledge for surgical inventions and help in preventing diagnostic errors in imaging techniques.
Interwoven relation between tattoo, alcohol and psychological components
Authors: M R Anitha , S Kotur Naveen , V Vijayanath
Published: June 2020

The primary aim of this study is to examine the relationship between having tattoo and consumption of alcohol along with the anxiety and emotional diagnosis. As the literature supports to a certain extent but not confirmatory.

To find out the use of alcohol and the method of having the tattoo and later removal of these tattoos. Tattoos correlation with having alcohol consumption, anxiety, emotional status, and regrets.

This study was conducted in the community, those who are visiting to seek the help of professionals for their suggestions regarding having the tattoos. However, they have not been taking any medicine or prescription or procedure from the center where these samples have been collected. The study was conducted between January 2019 to June 2019.

The results have significant values concerning the use of alcohol and having the tattoos in terms of its removal and from the source where they got these tattoo done. More to add the relation between anxiety and alcohol consumption concerning having a tattoo is alarming, especially in graduates and those belonging to the age group of 19-21.

The results of the study are very much convincing with the hypothesis from which the study has been undertaken, concerning highly significant statistical value concerning those having tattoos and showing the anxiety features.

: Many studies and hypotheses are pointing out the correlation between alcohol consumption and having the tattoo. But few had a clear report in proving the hypothesis whereas the majority were in dilemma to say confidently about the exact relationship. But in our study, it has shown many significant values which may be taken into account and looked for a large number of samples including from different ages, religion, and others to come to a correct conclusion.
Mensuration of articular facets of hip bone and its clinical implication
Authors: Motwani Rohini , Kishve Prajakta
Published: June 2020

The vertebral column, sacrum, iliac bones and the lower limbs form a co-ordinated articular system with the two joints i.e., the hip joint and sacroiliac joint (SIJ). Our current understanding of biomechanics of this region is still quite inadequate, particularly with regard to multidirectional activities i.e. sports involving twisting and turning.

We have examined 160 normal adult hip bones. In each hip bone the outline of symphyseal, auricular and lunate acetabular surface area was marked on tracing paper. The surface area was then measured by digital planimeter.

An attempt has been made to correlate the various articular areas of hip bone and to find if any correlation exists between them applying Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient formula.

The average surface area of auricular surface for the two sides was 9.88cm; that of lunate articular part of acetabulum 17.20cm and of pubis symphysis was found to be 2.60cm. Further, differences between the two sexes have also been evaluated. In general, all the surface areas were found to be larger in males and more on the right side as compared to left.

There is a positive correlation seen between auricular and acetabular area; acetabular and symphyseal area and auricular and symphyseal area on both the sides. The findings of the present work can help in the better understanding of the normal kinematics of these joints and the resultant effects due to their dysfunction. Further it can help physiotherapists to properly plan out the treatment.
Conciliación trabajo – familia en mujeres ejecutivas de empresas privadas de la ciudad de Medellín
Authors: Orejuela Johnny , Vásquez Andrés , Lemos Mariantonia
Published: June 2020

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender la experiencia de conciliación trabajo-familia en un grupo de mujeres ejecutivas de empresas privadas en la ciudad de Medellín. Este estudio cualitativo se basó en entrevistas en profundidad. Se descubrió que la conciliación trabajo-familia está influenciada por las horas de trabajo, las responsabilidades laborales, el estrés, los problemas familiares y las responsabilidades generales. Además, el trabajo invade la vida familiar y es difícil encontrar un equilibrio, a pesar de que las participantes utilizan estrategias como la organización, la planificación y una buena actitud para separar el trabajo de la familia y administrar su tiempo. Igualmente, la pasión por el trabajo parece mitigar el estrés laboral que influye en la familia. Si bien la flexibilidad laboral y los objetivos personales facilitan la conciliación, la falta de apoyo del empleador y la carga de trabajo lo impiden. En general, el liderazgo femenino es útil en una organización, sin embargo, las demandas de los puestos gerenciales impiden que las mujeres pasen tiempo con sus familias, tengan relaciones de calidad y cumplan con las responsabilidades familiares. Por lo tanto, es necesario que las empresas promuevan políticas que hagan posible la conciliación entre el trabajo y la familia.
Vínculos afectivos familiares en mujeres adolescentes con conductas autolesivas no suicidas
Authors: Albarracín Gómez Laura , González Suárez Luisa Fernanda
Published: June 2020

Las autolesiones no suicidas (ALNS) son consideradas como un problema importante de salud pública debido a que es frecuente en muestras clínicas y no clínicas de adolescentes. En este estudio, las ALNS se relacionan con los vínculos afectivos familiares, por tal motivo, el objetivo de este trabajo es identificar la posible relación entre los vínculos afectivos familiares y la acción de adoptar conductas autolesivas no suicidas en adolescentes de sexo femenino, con edades comprendidas entre los 11 y 14 años. Los instrumentos empleados son Self-Harm Questionnaire (SHQ-E), Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview (SITBI), Inventario de Apego con Padres y Pares (IPPA) y una entrevista semi-estructurada. Los resultados evidencian que no existe relación estadísticamente significativa entre ambas variables, pero permiten identificar métodos empleados en las ALNS, así como niveles de apego parental. Se propone que deben realizarse futuras investigaciones que proporcionen más información sobre factores afectivos relacionados con conductas autolesivas no suicidas en adolescentes.
Diseño y validación psicométrica del ECNA en Colombia: Escala de Creencias Negativas sobre Niños Adoptados
Authors: Zapata Restrepo Nancy Julieth , Guevara Bedoya Lina Marcela , Mejía Cadavid Verónica Betsabet , Aristizábal Gutiérrez Jessica Lorena , Salazar Trujillo Claudia Jimena
Published: June 2020

Este estudio presenta los resultados de un proceso de diseño y validación de una escala de creencias negativas sobre niños adoptados. El proceso constó de tres fases. En la primera, se realizaron encuestas abiertas a 107 personas y de allí se extrajeron las categorías iniciales y los ítems. En la segunda fase, el instrumento se sometió a validación por parte de jueces expertos y se realizaron los ajustes correspondientes. En la tercera, se realizó una aplicación a 233 personas y se llevaron a cabo los análisis psicométricos, desde la teoría clásica de los test, a partir de los cuales se reorganizó la configuración factorial y se redujo el número de ítems. Todos los participantes del estudio pertenecían a estrato socioeconómico medio-alto y contaban, al menos, con formación profesional. Los resultados dan cuenta de un instrumento con cuatro dimensiones: “niño vulnerado”, “niño difícil”, “problemas emocionales” y “no vinculación”; este incluye 20 ítems y cuenta con características psicométricas de validez y confiabilidad que respaldan la calidad del mismo.
Carved Islamic Caligraphy In Palembang: Interaction Study Of Religious Value And Local Wisdom
Authors: Mubarat Husni
Published: June 2020

This study is aimed at examining the interaction of religious values and local wisdom on carving Islamic calligraphy in Palembang. In addition, this study is also aimed at analyzing the interaction of forms and philosophies of carving, physical functions, aesthetic functions, and socio-cultural functions. The benefits of this research include, being able to know how the interaction of religious values and local wisdom on carving Islamic calligraphy in Palembang, can provide motivation for the community to uphold the values of the holy book of the Koran, and can introduce the traditional carvings of Palembang to the wider community. This study uses a qualitative method with a multi-disciplinary approach, such as communication, aesthetics, and socio-culture. The research results achieved are; the interaction of religious values and local wisdom in the carvings are intertwined with mutually adapting harmony, calligraphic forms, decorative forms, and golden colors as characteristic of Palembang's local colors and physical, aesthetic and socio-cultural functions in Islamic calligraphy engraving in Palembang.
Rola chemeryny i jej antybakteryjnych pochodnych w utrzymaniu funkcji barierowych nabłonka
Authors: Godlewska Urszula , Zegar Aneta , Cichy Joanna
Published: June 2020

Tkanki nabłonkowe mają ciągły kontakt ze środowiskiem zewnętrznym, w tym z mikroorganizmami chorobotwórczymi. Wytwarzane przez komórki nabłonkowe endogenne białka i peptydy przeciwdrobnoustrojowe w sposób bezpośredni lub poprzez zaangażowanie do tego celu komórek odpornościowych kontrolują liczebność oraz skład populacji drobnoustrojów. Do tej grupy cząsteczek zaliczane są aktywne pochodne chemeryny, wielofunkcyjnego białka, wyposażonego zarówno w funkcję przeciwdrobnoustrojową, jak i chemotaktyczną. Ze względu na rosnącą liczbę infekcji wywoływanych przez mikroorganizmy niewrażliwe na antybiotyki, takie jak metycylinooporne szczepy gronkowca złocistego (MRSA), niezwykle ważne staje się zrozumienie mechanizmów kontroli drobnoustrojów zasiedlających miejsca barierowe, takie jak skóra i jama ustna. Syntetyczny peptyd 4 (p4), obejmujący centralną sekwencję Val66-Pro85 chemeryny, wykazuje szerokie spektrum aktywności przeciwdrobnoustrojowej przeciwko bakteriom skóry i jamy ustnej, łącznie z lekoopornymi szczepami MRSA. Cechy te czynią z niego peptyd o obiecującym potencjale terapeutycznym. W artykule prezentujemy przegląd ochronnych funkcji chemeryny oraz jej pochodnych w tkance nabłonkowej.
Fenotypowanie metaboliczne w rozwoju dietetyki spersonalizowanej
Authors: Grabowski Mateusz , Barski Jarosław , Liśkiewicz Daniela
Published: June 2020

Dieta stanowi ważny modyfikowalny czynnik stylu życia wpływający na ryzyko wystąpienia większości chorób cywilizacyjnych. Prawidłowo dobrana dieta chroni przed rozwojem wielu chorób lub wspomaga ich leczenie. W randomizowanych badaniach klinicznych wykazano, że udzielanie spersonalizowanych porad żywieniowych ma większą skuteczność w porównaniu do zaleceń uniwersalnych zarówno w aspekcie zmiany nawyków żywieniowych jak i leczenia otyłości. W zależności od stopnia zróżnicowania zaleceń żywieniowych i dostosowania ich do indywidualnych potrzeb użytkowników wyróżnić można dietetykę stratyfikowaną, spersonalizowaną i precyzyjną. Nowym polem badawczym pomocnym w rozwoju dietetyki spersonalizowanej jest fenotypowanie metaboliczne, które polega na grupowaniu osób na podstawie ich cech metabolicznych. Liczne badania wykazały, że osoby o odmiennych metabotypach inaczej reagują na dietę lub określone interwencje żywieniowe. Artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie aktualnego przeglądu literatury dotyczącej możliwości wykorzystania fenotypowania metabolicznego w stratyfikacji i personalizacji interwencji dietetycznych. Uwzględniono metody tworzenia fenotypów metabolicznych oraz zaprezentowano badania dotyczące wykorzystania metabotypowania w dietetyce.
Organella bezbłonowe a separacja faz ciecz-ciecz – metody ich badań
Authors: Tarczewska Aneta , Wycisk Krzysztof , Sozańska Nikola , Ożyhar Andrzej
Published: June 2020

Organella bezbłonowe (MLOs, ang. membraneless organelles) stanowią sporą grupę kompartmentów wewnątrzkomórkowych formowanych na różnych etapach życia komórki. Są one niezbędnymi strukturami umożliwiającymi komórce pełnienie istotnych funkcji życiowych i właściwą odpowiedź na stres. MLOs obecne są zarówno w cytoplazmie jak i w innych organellach głównie w jądrze komórkowym. Powstają na drodze spontanicznej separacji faz ciecz‑ciecz (LLPS, ang. liquid-liquid phase separation) w odpowiedzi na zmieniające się czynniki fizykochemiczne mikrootoczenia. Składają się zarówno z białek które najczęściej posiadają regiony inherentnie nieuporządkowane (ang. intrinsically disordered regions, IDRs) jak i kwasów nukleinowych – głównie RNA. Niniejsza praca przedstawia informacje o biofizycznych podstawach formowania i funkcjonowania MLOs oraz zjawiska odpowiedzialnego za ich formowania, tj. LLPS. Zawiera także przegląd technik stosowanych w biochemii i biologii molekularnej, które za cel mają dostarczenie informacji o samoregulacji składu, struktury poszczególnych składników i ich lokalizacji oraz funkcjonalności danego MLO.
Bogaty świat ryboprzełączników
Authors: Machtel Piotr J.
Published: June 2020

Nieustannie zmieniające się środowisko wymaga od bakterii szybkiej i zdecydowanej odpowiedzi na poziomie komórkowym. Mając do dyspozycji jedynie zasoby jednej komórki, bakterie wykształciły najróżniejsze mechanizmy kontroli ekspresji genów. Wśród nich szczególne miejsce zajmują ryboprzełączniki, sekwencje występujące w transkryptach, mające zdolność bezpośredniego wiązania niskocząsteczkowych metabolitów i wywoływania odpowiedzi regulatorowej. W niniejszej publikacji został przedstawiony aktualny stan wiedzy na temat ryboprzełączników uwzględniając między innymi: mechanizmy działania ryboprzełączników, ich budowa i różnorodność oraz występowanie. A także historia ich odkrycia na początku XXI wieku, oraz aktualne badania, mogące w przyszłości znaleźć praktyczne zastosowania.
Effectiveness of a Theory of Planned Behavior-Based Intervention for Promoting Medication Adherence among Rural Elderly Hypertensive Patients in Iran
Authors: Jalali Javaran Ebrahim , Sharifi Hamid , Hasani Marzieh , Borhaninejad Vahidreza , Iranpour Abedin
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Medication adherence is regarded as one of the most important factors in caring for hypertension. This study aimed to investigate the effect of intervention based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) on medication adherence and its influencing factors on the elderly with hypertension in a rural area, Kerman province, Iran.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study of the pre and post-control type was conducted on 109 elderly patients with hypertension. Data were collected using a multistage random sampling and a valid questionnaire based on the TPB. The intervention was an educational program based on TPB constructs using educational videos, pamphlets and booklets approved by the Ministry of Health. The collected data were analyzed by the SPSS 22 using parametric tests (Independent t-test, paired t-test, and regression analysis).
Results: The average score of the attitudes , perceived behavioral control, as well as medication adherence behavior constructs increased significantly after the intervention in the intervention group compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis in intervention group after intervention showed that 76% of variations in intention were explained by the model. Attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control were independent predictors of intention. The association between subjective norms and intention was of marginal significance (B = 0.89).
Conclusion: The results of this research showed that an educational program based on TPB can affect medication adherence on elderly rural patients suffering from hypertension.
Coinfection of Toxoplasma Gondii and Intestinal Parasites among Elderly Immunocompromised Patients
Authors: Mahmoudi Mohammad Reza , Rahmati Behnaz
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Patients with cancer and hemodialysis are prone to opportunistic infections. The present research aims to examine the frequency of Toxoplasmosis and intestinal parasites in these patients.
Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, seventy stool and blood samples from immunocompromised patients (46 hemodialysis and 24 cancer patients) from Guilan Province were collected in 2017-2018. Different tests including direct smear examination and formalin-ether was conducted for the intestinal protozoan parasites. To detect coccidian parasites (e.g. Cryptosporidium spp.) Ziehl Neelsen staining was applied. The anti T.gondii antibodies were detected via ELISA method.
Results: Totally 6.52% and 4.16% cases of hemodialysis and cancer patients were positive for intestinal parasite infection respectively. Blastocystis hominis was only intestinal parasite that were detected in these patients. IgG anti-Toxoplasma antibody detected in 35 (76.8%) hemodialysis and 15 (62.5%) cancer patients. IgM antibody were found in 1 elderly hemodialysis patient. Mix infection (Toxoplasmosis and Blastocystis) was observed in 6.52% and 4.16% in hemodialysis and cancer patients respectively.
Conclusion: It is recommended to evaluate these patients for intestinal parasitic infections during hemodialysis or chemotherapy sessions. Data showed the high percentage of elderly patients were susceptible to reactivation of chronic Toxoplasmosis. Therefore, in order to refer them for early therapy or other interventions, it is important that elderly hemodialysis and cancer patients with toxoplasma infection be diagnosed and identified.
Coaxing as a Strategy to Deal with Ethical Issues in Community Home Care: An Ethnographic Study
Authors: Rasoal Dara
Published: June 2020

Introduction: The provision of home health care services increases as a desirable option in western society. Previous studies indicate that health care professionals encounter ethically difficult situations when providing home care services. There is a lack of studies describing ethically difficult situations through observation. This study aimed to explore ethical issues experienced by healthcare staff when providing community home care services.
 Methods: Qualitative design, using the ethnographical approach. Data gathered as fieldwork in terms of memos, non-participant observation and informal interview with registered nurses (n=8), and nurse-assistants (n=4) during three weeks (in total 148 hours, 7am -5pm) .
Results: The result generated two main categories: 1) To balance stakeholders’ requirements, and, 2) Strategy to deal with ethical issues. Coxing was used as a strategy to deal with ethically difficult situations in patient care. The results showed that the complexity of the ethical issues is often related to personal values and organisational impact. The staff experienced need for a structured approach to assist them in identifying, analysing, and resolving ethical issues that arise in clinical practice. Health care organisations, personnel and patients are disagreed about values and choices that could lead to the best course of actions.
Conclusion: This study reveals that the ethically difficult situations in the context of community home care services are complex and are influencing the provision of care. The personnel enforced to find a balance between different expectations and from different stakeholders. To deal with these situations coaxing was used as a strategy for managing ethical issues.
Analysis of Occupational Accidents in the Manufacturing Sector in Semnan Province during 2013-2015
Authors: Fatemi Farin , Dehdashti Alireza , Zadehabbas Besharat , Kashani Hossein
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Occupational accidents have been regarded as the third cause of mortality around the world. This study examined the rates, types, and causes of occupational accidents in industrial sites.
Methods: In a cross-sectional design, 721 accident reports were examined in the manufacturing sites in Semnan which is located in the central part of Iran from 2013 to 2015. This study used the Social Security Organization database on workplace accident investigation reports. Frequency and percentage were used for the prevalence, whereas correlation analyses were used to identify the predictors of occupational accidents. SPSS version 21 was used for data analysis and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered as the significant level.
Results: Accident Frequency Rates were 1.46, 1.54, and 1.40 in 2013, 2014, and 2015, respectively. Also, the Safe T-score was calculated between +3 and -3. The majority of accidents occurred in males in the age group 24-45, having the educational level of high school diploma or lower. Furthermore, most accidents occurred during the morning shift. Unsafe actions were determined as the major cause of accidents. The maximum reported statistics related to the type of accidents, injuries, and injured organs of the body were hitting sharp edges or obstacles (25%), bruising (30%), and upper limbs (44%). The results indicated a statistically significant relationship between shift work and occupational accidents (P-value <0.05).
Conclusion: This study revealed that workers’ behavior as a main contribution to accidents and injuries in the industry. Health and safety training should be designed according to worker duties.