bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of walnut biodiesel- eurodiesel fuel mixtures on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine with common rail fuel system and their combustion characteristics
Authors: Aydoğan Hasan , Özçelik Abdullah , Acaroğlu Mustafa
Published: October 2024

This study is intended to investigate the effects of biodiesel and eurodiesel mixtures, obtained from walnut oil by transesterification method, on engine performance in a four-stroke, four-cylinder, water-cooled with common rail fuel system. 7% biodiesel - 93% eurodiesel (B7), 10% biodiesel - 90% eurodiesel (B10) mixtures were prepared with the fuels obtained from the walnut oil by transesterification method. Later, B7, B10 and eurodiesel (B0) were used as a fuel in diesel engine. In the tests, the engine compression rates of the eurodiesel fuel and biodiesel mixtures were close to each other in all engine rpms. Looking at the average values in the results obtained, it is seen that the highest engine torque value is measured in the range of 2000 - 2500 rpm. Again, in eurodiesel use, the highest engine torque values were measured as 185 Nm. When B7 and B10 fuels were used at the same engine rpm, the engine torque was measured as 165 Nm. As the engine speed increased, it was observed that B7 fuel consumption values were the lowest and the eurodiesel values were the highest. In case of using biodiesel mixtures, it was observed that fuel consumption increased slightly checked to eurodiesel fuel.When the exhaust emission values were examined, it was seen that the CO emission value was 28% lower than Eurodiesel in B10 fuel, the highest value in CO2 emission was in B10 fuel, HC emission was in Eurodiesel fuel with an increase rate of more than 50% and the highest NOx value was in B10 fuel.In all cycles, the highest cylinder pressure values were obtained in eurodiesel fuel mixture. Maximum in-cylinder pressure value was obtained as 72 bar in Eurodiesel fuel at 2500 rpm. In the same cycle, 71 and 68 bar in-cylinder pressure values were obtained for B10 and B7 fuels. At 4000 rpm, in-cylinder pressure values were obtained as 80, 77 and 75 bar, respectively, for diesel fuel, B10 and B7 fuel mixtures.
adrões de qualidade da atenção básica à saúde no rastreamento dos cânceres de mama e de colo uterino no Brasil: avaliação externa do programa de melhoria do acesso e da qualidade na atenção básica (PMAQ)
Authors: Barcelos Mara Rejane Barroso
Published: October 2024

Esta obra se utiliza de dados da avaliação externa do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade na Atenção Básica (PMAQ), que tem como principal pressuposto a indução da ampliação do acesso e a melhoria da qualidade na Atenção Básica (AB). No contexto de integralidade da atenção à saúde da mulher e sabendo-se que os cânceres de mama e colo uterino são importantes problemas de saúde pública, responsáveis pelo primeiro e quarto lugar em mortalidade de mulheres no Brasil, o objeto deste estudo é a avaliação da qualidade do rastreamento e prevenção secundária destes cânceres na Atenção Básica. Os problemas abordados se configuram como importantes agravos, para os quais o controle e a prevenção precisam ser priorizados em todas as regiões do país, desde aquelas de contexto cultural, social e econômico melhor até as mais desiguais. Por meio de delineamento transversal, foi avaliada a qualidade das ações dirigidas à prevenção do câncer de colo de útero e de mama no Brasil em 2012, captadas no Ciclo 1 da avaliação externa do PMAQ. Os resultados conduziram à elaboração de um instrumento para a quantificação da adequação das ações, à análise do desempenho das ações dirigidas ao rastreamento dos cânceres de mama e de colo uterino no Brasil e para comparar os padrões das ações oferecidas com base na literatura.
Libertad de expresión en redes sociales: estudio de sentencias de la Corte Constitucional colombiana
Authors: Cabrera Karen Isabel , Montenegro Yamile Andrea
Published: October 2024

Con el uso del internet y las redes sociales el ejercicio al derecho a la libertad de expresión como derecho fundamental del que goza toda persona ha variado de escenarios y sugiere implicaciones jurídicas específicas para su protección. El articulo pretende una revisión documental, legal y jurisprudencial de sentencias de la Corte Constitucional permitiendo determinar las condiciones de protección al derecho de libertad de expresión en redes sociales. Se concluye que el sistema de protección y garantías de la libertad de expresión es el marco jurídico vigente que regula con independencia del escenario en el que se ejerce el derecho; los discursos en redes sociales con contenido valorativo y emotivo deben salvaguardarse y su anulación no podrá ser automática; la libertad de expresión cuenta con la presunción de prevalencia que le otorga especial protección en caso de conflicto con otros derechos; la salvaguarda de la libertad de expresión en redes sociales está directamente asociada a los derechos de Internet.
La violación de los derechos humanos y la (in)eficacia de las políticas reparatorias mediante la construcción de monumentos y memoriales: Caso n.º 11.566 Favela Nova Brasilia vs. Brasil
Authors: Costa Silva Mireni de Oliveira , Miranda Gonçalves Rubén , Moura do Carmo Valter
Published: October 2024

Este artículo tiene como objetivo discutir la violación de los derechos humanos y la (in) eficiencia de las políticas reparadoras a través de la construcción de monumentos y memoriales en el Caso n.º 11.566 Favela Nova Brasilia vs. Brasil. El tema es relevante, ya que garantizar y proteger los derechos humanos es, ante todo, proteger la vida. La metodología utilizada fue la investigación bibliográfica y documental, con el aporte del método deductivo. Considerando, por tanto, el estudio de los derechos fundamentales, las tasas oficiales de violencia provocada por los agentes del Estado, la Convención Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, aspectos del Derecho Internacional Humano y la Sentencia que determinó la condena de Brasil a la reparación satisfactoria mediante la construcción de un monumento en Favela Nova Brasilia, se concluye que ni el gobierno de Brasil ni el gobierno del Estado de Río de Janeiro actuaron para proteger a la comunidad de Favela Nova Brasilia, ubicada en Complexo do Alemão, al norte de Río de Janeiro, durante las masacres ocurridas entre 1994 y 1995; tampoco investigaron los crímenes ni sancionaron a los culpables, dejando solas a las víctima y sus familiares, quienes apelaron el caso a la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, de la cual obtuvieron la condena para Brasil; sin embargo, aún están a la espera del cumplimiento de una reparación satisfactoria, lo cual demuestra la ineficiencia del Estado brasileño en el cumplimiento de las decisiones de la CIDH.
La imparcialidad en el proceso disciplinario: dar garantías fundamentales al disciplinado desde el diseño institucional
Authors: Zarabanda Suárez Diana Marcela
Published: October 2024

El procedimiento disciplinario busca proteger a la administración pública del uso indebido de sus prerrogativas por parte de sus funcionarios; sin embargo, la gravedad de las faltas y la consecuente contundencia de las sanciones hacen necesario disponer un marco de imparcialidad tanto judicial como administrativa, para que se predique de ellas un trámite justo y legitimado que mantenga a raya a aquellos individuos que puedan pervertir la función pública. El presente escrito busca, desde el diseño institucional, encontrar una serie de elementos que permitan construir las bases de un procedimiento disciplinario imparcial y justo.
MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF SIR MODEL WITH INCUBATION PERIOD
Authors:   Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov, Konstantinov Igor Sergeyevich , Taha Asraa Tariq Taha ,   Belgorod State National Research University
Published: October 2024

The SIPmodel is a fundamental tool for simulating epidemic dynamics, but it has limitations in accurately representing real-world scenarios. This paper presents a comprehensive review and mathematical analysis of the SIR model when incorporating the incubation period of infectious diseases. We discuss the significance of the incubation period in disease transmission dynamics and explore the modifications made to the SIR model to integrate this parameter. By analyzing the mathematical equations governing the modified SIR model, we demonstrate its enhanced accuracy in predicting disease spread patterns and its implications for public health interventions. Our findings evaluated the importance of incorporating the incubation period into epidemic models.
Transverse Anisotropy and Dimensional Stability of Thermal Treated Beech Red Heartwood
Authors: Mihajlovski Nikola , Bahchevandjiev Konstantin
Published: October 2024

This research is mainly focused on the impact of thermal modification on the transverse anisotropy and dimensional stability of native beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) and beech red heartwood. Applied to two time-temperature regimes, the first period of maximum temperature to 180° C and the second to 230° C. The factor of anisotropy in native beech wood is 1.29 and beech red heartwood is 1:24. Dimensional stability of the native beech wood is improved for 33.3% and beech red heartwood for 29.1%. The changing of the volume mass per thermal modification of 6% is too small and does not affect other properties.
Edge Detection using Multiple Ant Colony Approach
Authors: Asha  A Amali Asha , Wenisch S Maria
Published: October 2024

The gray level change between any two regions is described as an edge. This change is spread out among a lot of pixels. There are algorithms which can be used to detect edges. Some of them are designed in such a way that they can detect straight visible edges. Also, there were algorithms whose settings can detect partial edges. But it is very difficult to design an algorithm, which could detect partial edges and also correct edges. At the same time the algorithm should also have a setting to manage hidden edges. Multiple ant colony approach is a best method to get a good solution. This will be possible due to the cohabitation of various colonies. The activities of ant colonies that are coordinated by an interaction on the colony level is the basic idea of multiple ant colony approach.
Application of Toroidal Coils to Obtain Electrical Resistivity of Core Samples: Mathematical Modeling
Authors: Epov M. I. , Mamyashev V. G. , Mikhaylov I. V. , Surodina I. V. , Nikitenko M. N.
Published: October 2024

We consider the capability of evaluating the specific electrical resistivity of a cylindrical core by means of a transmitter-receiver system with toroidal coils placed around it. An algorithm for two-dimensional finite-difference modeling of electrical and magnetic signals from an external circular magnetic harmonic current equivalent to a toroidal coil has been developed and verified. We perform twodimensional numerical modeling of the real (in-phase) and imaginary (quadrature) part of the vertical component of the electric field and the tangential component of the magnetic field for a practically-significant range of core resistivities, the sample being located within an insulating or highly conductive tube with toroidal coils. Following the results of numerical simulation, the optimal length of the measuring system is selected, as well as the operating frequency and type of measured signals. The transformation of the latter into the apparent resistivity values of vertically inhomogeneous samples is proposed. Moreover, criteria have been established for the correspondence of the measured signals in thinlayered and equivalent electrically macroanisotropic samples when changing the resistivity contrast and thickness of the interlayers.
Assessment of Searching Efficiency and Functional Response of Acarophagous Species against Red Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Authors: Jeyarani S. , Parveen S. Sumaiya
Published: October 2024

Background: Investigation of predatory traits, which are mostly unexplored, such as prey consumption, reproduction rate and searching propensity, could offer crucial information for the selection of creative control agents. Methods: In this study, two sets of experiments were carried out, the first set of which was intended to assess the effectiveness of the search and the second set for the functional response. Result: The intake of T. urticae by S. pauperculus, Oligota sp. and A. longispinosus dramatically increased as predator density increased from one to eight, according to research on searching efficiency. However, when predator number increased, prey consumption per predator declined. The amount of prey consumed by the larvae did not increase despite the prey density quadrupling. Prey consumption by predators increased as prey density increased, while prey consumption as a percentage dropped as prey density increased, according to a functional response. When the number of prey increased from 50 to 800, the area where predators were discovered reduced.
Theoretical problems of understanding the essence of administrative prejudice in criminal law
Authors: Khilyuta Vadim V.
Published: October 2024

Subject of research: the article considers the issue of the essence of administrative prejudice in the criminal law of Russia and Belarus.
Purpose of research: to determine the meaning of administrative prejudice in criminal law and its place in the structure of the corpus delicti of a crime, as well as to correlate administrative prejudice and other institutes of criminal law.
Methods and objects of research: in conducting the research the traditional methods of socio-legal and formal-dogmatic analysis were used: documentary, historical-legal, analytical, systematic, logical.
Main results of research: the author considers administrative prejudice in the general context of crime and its substantive features, determines the place of administrative prejudice in the structure of the corpus delicti. Separately the question of criteria of criminalization of acts in criminal law, understanding of criminal law in a broad sense, differentiation of crime and offense is revealed. The legal nature of administrative prejudice, its connection with public danger and insignificance of a deed is shown, the main features of acts, which are characterized by signs of administrative prejudice, are disclosed. Special attention in the work is paid to the analysis of subjective signs of administrative prejudice, the establishment of recommendations on the application of the norms of criminal law in this part and qualification of unlawful acts. The basic provisions of the science of criminal law are given and specific measures to improve the current criminal legislation are proposed.
Memorias inconclusas
Authors: Alipázaga Lazo Franco
Published: October 2024

La fotografía, en su esencia, es una representación visual directa del mundo capturada a través de la interacción de la luz con superficies sensibles, químicas o digitales, lo que la convierte en una huella indexical con un valor documental único porsu capacidad de registrar fielmente la realidad. Sin embargo, carece de significado intrínseco y necesita ser interpretada.
The Effect of the Parent's Presence during the Dressing Process on the Severity of the Child's Pain
Authors: Alptekin Dudu , Eti Aslan Fatma , Şişman Hamide , Akpolat Refiye
Published: October 2024

This research was carried out to determine the effect of the parent's presence near the child during the dressing process on the severity of pain caused by the dressing. The sample of the descriptive comparative study consisted of 60 children. Ethics committee and study permission were obtained from the relevant institutions. Data were collected by observation and face-to-face interviews using the “Individual Characteristics Form” and the YBATT (facial expression, legs, activity, crying, and being able to be consoled) pain assessment scale. In the examination of the way parents supported their children during the painful procedure, it was observed that 13 (43.4%) of them used remote monitoring approach. The mean dressing time of the children showed a significant difference according to the parent variable; it was determined that the dressing time of the children with a parent present (7.5 min) was higher than the dressing time of the children without a parent present (6.3 min). In this study, it was seen that the presence of the parent with the child during the dressing did not affect the severity of the pain, the presence of the parent extended the dressing time, and the parents were in the approach of remote monitoring as a way of supporting the child during the procedure.
Un ennemi des plantations d'Araucaria en Côte-d'Ivoire
Authors: Malagnoux Michel , Gautun J.C.
Published: October 2024

Des attaques de chauves-souris (roussettes) sur Araucaria cunninghamii et Araucaria heterophylla ont été observées pendant les longues saisons sèches de 1973-74 et 1974-75 en Côte d'Ivoire. Il s'agit d'attaques systématiques à des fins de recherche de nourriture, suffisamment graves pour compromettre l'avenir des plantations de ces espèces. Par ailleurs, l'adaptation de ces animaux à ces espèces introduites fait craindre une adaptation similaire aux pins (notamment Pinus caribaea) qui sont destinés à un développement à grande échelle en vue de la mise en place de plantations à des fins papetières dans le Sud-Ouest de la Côte d'Ivoire.
Croissance et qualité des bois de Framiré. Evolution de la largeur de cerne et des composantes densitométriques en fonction de l'âge
Authors: Nepveu Gérard
Published: October 2024

Cent quinze Framirés (Terminalia ivorensis) en forêts naturelles et en plantations (quatorze stations au total) ont été étudiés à la tarière de Pressler. La radiographie des échantillons a permis, par l'étude des courbes de densité, d'évaluer la qualité du bois de cette espèce et sa croissance en diamètre. La lecture des cernes d'âge est particulièrement aisée dans le cas de cette espèce tropicale. Si elle agit sur la largeur des cernes d'âge, l'influence géographique est pratiquement inopérante sur la qualité du bois. Localement, il existe cependant une grande variabilité entre les arbres d'une même station.A l'intérieur d'un arbre, l'antinomie de la qualité (essentiellement densité minimale élevée et contraste de densité faible) et de la croissance est manifeste, mais il semble possible de trouver des Framirés avec une largeur moyenne des cernes d'âge élevée sans que la densité minimale en soit affectée.L'âge a une influence considérable sur le taux de croissance et sur la qualité (sauf en ce qui concerne le contraste de densité). Le bois de type juvénile semble persister jusqu'à une quinzaine d'années. Mais il existe des liens forts entre le bois juvénile et le bois adulte dès le plus jeune âge (cinq ans) pour les composantes de densité autres que le contraste de densité, pour lequel le lien n'apparaît qu'à l'âge de dix ans. En revanche, en ce qui concerne la croissance, aucune corrélation significative n'apparaît.
Implementing National Bridging Workshop roadmaps for One Health collaboration: Successes and challenges from 17 countries
Authors:   FAO,   WHO,   WOAH
Published: October 2024

In 2014, WHO and WOAH started to develop the National Bridging Workshop (NBW), bringing together human, animal and environment health sectors. The method supports the development of a joint and consensual Roadmap guiding short term activities for improved coordination between these sectors. As of November 2022, NBWs have been conducted in 44 countries. In 2020, WHO, WOAH and FAO initiated a second phase to the NBW Programme, focusing on the follow-up of the NBWs, the monitoring of the implementation of the NBW Roadmap, and in-country support (both technical and financial) for this implementation. Notably, a network of Regional Coordinators and NBW Catalysts, was developed. NBW Catalysts are One Health experts recruited nationally to support the implementation of the NBW Roadmap activities and the follow-up of the NBW. NBW Regional Coordinators, NBW Catalysts and NBW Headquarters Focal Points from the three organizations form a strong community of practice, which meets regularly via virtual meetings to update each other, share lessons learned, present new tools, and share their experience and challenges in operationalizing One Health at all levels. NBW Catalysts are on the first line when it comes to concrete implementation of NBW Roadmaps and more generally, the operationalization of One Health in their countries. Their return of experience provides remarkable insights on this challenging change of paradigm that countries are now embracing. The purpose of this booklet is to share success stories, solved and unsolved challenges, and lessons learned, from countries embarked in the NBW Programme.
Alternative strategies for eliminating hydrogen sulfide and methanethiol from wine: results and learnings
Authors: Sánchez-Gimeno Diego , Vela Eduardo , Ferreira Vicente , Ontañón Ignacio
Published: October 2024

Six different remediation procedures for removing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methanethiol (MeSH) from a small selection of wines have been studied. Procedures include three modifications of classical copper fining (two precipitation adjuvants and filtration), purging wine in the reductive state with N2, and oxidation with or without thiol-functionalised polymeric silica (SH-Sil). Free and brine-releasable (BR), H2S, and MeSH contents of wine were determined after the treatments and after accelerated reductive ageing. Results have shown that neither the use of precipitation adjuvants nor filtration improved the results of classical copper fining. Purging wine in the reductive state with N2 can decrease significantly the ability of wine to further accumulate H2S and MeSH, but several cycles are required and success depends on the amounts of precursors present in the wine and on copper levels. Oxidation, regardless of the presence of SH-Sil, was the most efficient treatment to remove “reductive” off-odours in both the short and long term.
Accompagnement des agriculteurs dans la transition agroécologique pour les économies d’eau
Authors: AUDOUIN Élise , ROCHWERGER Anna , LACAZE Florine , BONILLO Christophe , LHUISSIER Ludovic
Published: October 2024

Les attentes sociétales envers l’agriculture augmentent, notamment en matière d’'agroécologie et d’économie d'eau. La transition des systèmes dits « conventionnels » vers des systèmes économes en intrants mène les agriculteurs hors de leur zone de confort. Ils doivent gérer de nouvelles incertitudes. Un accompagnement adapté doit être développé pour les appuyer dans ce cheminement. C’est dans ce contexte qu’a été conduit le projet TACSCII (Transition agroécologique des systèmes de culture irrigués innovants). Mené dans le département du Gers, il a pour objectif l’accompagnement d’un collectif d’agriculteurs pilotes dans la transition agroécologique, et plus spécifiquement dans la transition vers l’agriculture de conservation des sols, dans l’optique de réaliser des économies d’intrants dont des économies d’eau. Cet article explore les méthodes d’accompagnement mises en œuvre pour la transition agroécologique, le diagnostic des freins et leviers rencontrés en cours de route, ainsi que le suivi et l’évaluation des impacts. L’étude présente également les résultats directs observés sur les pratiques agricoles et les résultats indirects sur les collectifs et acteurs environnants. De plus, l’article situe cette méthode d’accompagnement dans le contexte plus large de l’écosystème régional soutenant la transition agroécologique des grandes cultures.
Évaluation des performances des systèmes de cultures en agriculture de conservation des sols et du matériel d’irrigation
Authors: LACAZE Florine , AUDOUIN Élise , BONILLO Christophe , LHUISSIER Ludovic
Published: October 2024

Le projet TASCII (Transition agroécologique des systèmes de cultures irrigués innovants) a été mis en place en 2019 par la Compagnie d’aménagement des coteaux de Gascogne (CACG), en partenariat avec INRAE, sur la ferme expérimentale de la Mirandette (Masseube, Gers) et chez cinq agriculteurs pilotes qui ont intégré le projet. Il vise à tester, caractériser et évaluer l'agriculture de conservation des sols (ACS) en transition agroécologique dans le contexte de l'agriculture irriguée des Coteaux de Gascogne (Gers). L’évaluation multicritères consiste à comparer les performances (environnementale, économique, agronomique) des systèmes de cultures irrigués en ACS, caractérisée par l’absence de travail du sol, la rotation culturale et la couverture permanente, par rapport à des systèmes conventionnels dans la zone d’étude (TCS ou techniques culturales simplifiées, ou labour). L’analyse s’intéresse notamment aux indicateurs d’efficience de l’utilisation de l’eau. L’évaluation multicritères est analysée au prisme de la caractérisation des essais (suivi hydrique et du développement végétatif).
The Mediating Role of Trait Anxiety In The Relationship Between The Organizational Power Resources Used By School Principals And Teachersʹ Work Alienation Levels
Authors: Ayık Ahmet , Yılmaz İsmail
Published: October 2024

In this study, we examined the effects of the organizational power resources used by school principals on teachers' work alienation and trait anxiety levels. Then, we examined the mediating role of trait anxiety in the relationship between organizational power resources and work alienation. We used the correlational scanning model and mediation model in the research. The research sample consists of 400 teachers working in Turkish public schools. In our research, "Organizational Power Scale in Schools", "Work Alienation Scale" and "Trait Anxiety Scale" were used. As a result of the research, we found significant relationships between the variables. Accordingly, there is a positive relationship between trait anxiety and work alienation, a positive relationship between trait anxiety and coercive power and legal power, a negative relationship between trait anxiety and expert, charismatic and reward power, a positive relationship between work alienation and coercive power, and a positive relationship between work alienation and reward power. Negative relationships were observed between expertise and charismatic power. Finally, it was determined that trait anxiety had a mediating role in the relationship between the power resources used by school principals and the level of work alienation of teachers.
How Follow-Up Period in Prospective Cohort Studies Affects the Relationship Between Baseline Serum 25(OH)D Concentration and Risk of Stroke and Major Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Grant William B. , Boucher Barbara J.
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Prospective cohort studies are useful for studying how biomolecular status affects risk of adverse health outcomes. Less well known is that the longer the follow-up time, the lower the apparent effect due to “regression dilution.” Here we evaluate how follow-up time affects the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concen-tration and incidence of stroke and major cardiovascular events (MCEs). Methods: Findings re-garding the relative risk (RR) of stroke and MCEs with respect to serum 25(OH)D concentrations at baseline from prospective cohort studies were plotted against mean follow-up time. Fifteen studies from mainly European countries and the United States were used for stroke, with nine studies for MCEs. Linear regression analyses were performed for follow-up periods of up to 10 years. Results: For stroke, the linear regression fit for 1–10 years is RR = 0.34 + (0.065 × follow-up [years]), r = 0.84, adjusted r2 = 0.67, p <0.001. No significant change was evident for studies with follow-up periods of 10–20 years. For MCEs, the linear fir for 1–8.1 years is RR = 1.61 ‒ (0.074 × follow-up [years]), r = 0.75, adjusted r2 = 0.49, p = 0.03. Discussion: The shorter the follow-up period, the greater the apparent effect of vitamin D in reducing risk of stroke and MCEs. In addition, the apparent effect of higher 25(OH)D concentration found for the shortest follow-up time is more than twice as high as the estimate based on averaging the results for all studies without considering follow-up time. Mechanisms have been found to explain how higher serum 25(OH)D concentrations could reduce risk of stroke and MCEs. Randomized controlled trials have not shown that vitamin D supplementation significantly reduces risk of either stroke or MCE, probably because risk of both outcomes increases rapidly below 15 ng/mL (38 nmol/L) and it is difficult in Western developed countries to enroll enough participants with concentrations that low. Nonetheless, vitamin D’s role in reducing risk of stroke and MCE can be considered causal on the basis of an evaluation of the evidence with respect to Hill’s criteria for causality in a biological system. Conclusions: Serum 25(OH)D concentrations above 20 ng/mL are associated with significantly reduced risk of stroke and MCEs in an apparent causal manner. Raising serum 25(OH)D concentrations to >20 ng/mL should be recommended for everyone likely to be at risk for stroke or MCE and indeed in the general population.
Assessing Parental Intention to Vaccinate their Children Against COVID-19: Validation of the Modified Japanese 7C Vaccination Readiness Scale
Authors: Tokiya Mikiko , Matsumoto Akiko , Furukawa Yutaro , Kobayashi Takaomi , Nakano Takashi , Hirota Yoshio , Hara Megumi
Published: October 2024

Parental willingness is a prerequisite for childhood immunization. This study evaluated whether parental vaccination readiness and willingness, measured using the modified Japanese 7C Vaccination Readiness Scale, predicted vaccination behavior. In December 2021, 2 months before the approval of COVID-19 vaccination for children aged 5–11 years in Japan, we asked 1,190 parents of children in this age groups about their intention regarding vaccinating their children against COVID-19 using an online modified 7C Vaccination Readiness Scale, consisting of seven components, namely, Confidence, Complacency, Constraints, Calculation, Collective responsibility, Compliance, and Conspiracy. The modified 7C components were analyzed for model fit and association with parental intention using structural equation modeling. The model fit of the modified 7C scale was good (goodness-of-fit index: 0.98), and the factor loadings and model fit for parental readiness were high (standardized factor loadings: 0.84). In January 2024, we asked the same parents about their children's COVID-19 vaccination status (valid responses: 536). The components of the modified 7C scale were compared with actual vaccination behavior. Parents with a low readiness to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 had a high actual non-vaccination rate. The use of the modified 7C scale may assist in the development of childhood vaccination interventions.
Exploring the Functionality of Krüppel-Like Factors in Kidney Development, Metabolism, and Diseases.
Authors: Salmon-Cabrales Itzel , De la Garza Kalife David A. , Garcia-González Gabriel , Santoyo-Suarez Michelle G. , Estrada-Rodriguez Ana , Jiménez-Gutiérrez Marco Antonio , Garza-Treviño Elsa Nancy , Benitez Chao Diego Francisco , Padilla-Rivas Gerardo R. , Islas Jose Francisco
Published: October 2024

The kidneys contribute to the overall health of the organism by maintaining systemic homeostasis. This process involves the regulation of various biological mechanisms, in which the Krüppel-like factor (KLF) transcription factors are essential for regulating development, differentiation, proliferation, and cellular apoptosis. They also play a role in the metabolic regulation of essential nutrients, such as glucose and lipids. The dysregulation of these transcription factors is associated with the development of various pathologies, which can ultimately lead to renal fibrosis, a process that severely compromises the function of these organs. In this context, the present article provides a comprehensive review of the existing literature, offering an enriching analysis of the findings related to the role of KLFs in the renal field, while also highlighting their potential therapeutic role in the treatment of renal diseases.
Defoliation Categorization in Soybean with Machine Learning Algorithms and UAV Multispectral Data
Authors: Ferraz Marcelo Araújo Junqueira , Santiago Afrânio Gabriel da Silva Godinho , Bruzi Adriano Teodoro , Vilela Nelson Júnior Dias , Ferraz Gabriel Araújo e Silva
Published: October 2024

Traditional disease severity monitoring is subjective and inefficient. This study employs a Parrot multispectral sensor mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to apply machine learning algorithms, such as Random Forest, for categorizing defoliation levels in R7-stage soybean plants. The research assesses the effectiveness of vegetation indices, spectral bands, and relative vegetation cover as input parameters, demonstrating that machine learning approaches combined with multispectral imagery can provide a more accurate and efficient assessment of Asian soybean rust in commercial soybean fields. The Random Forest algorithm exhibited satisfactory classification performance when compared to recent studies, achieving accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, specificity and AUC values of 0.94, 0.92, 0.92, 0.92, 0.97 and 0.97, respectively. The input variables identified as most important for the classification model were the WDRVI and MPRI indices, the RedEdge and NIR bands, and relative vegetation cover, with the highest Gini importance index.
Mechanical Properties of Two-Dimensional Metal Nitrides: Numerical Simulation Study
Authors: Sakharova Nataliya A. , Pereira André F.G. , Antunes Jorge M.
Published: October 2024

It is expected that two-dimensional (2D) metal nitrides (MNs), consisting of the elements of the 13th group of the periodic table and nitrogen, namely aluminium nitride (AlN), gallium nitride (GaN), indium nitride (InN) and thallium nitride (TlN) have enhanced physical and mechanical properties, due to a honeycomb graphene-like atomic arrangement, characteristic to these compounds. The basis for the correct design and improved performance of nanodevices and complex structures based on 2D MNs of the 13th group is the understanding of the mechanical response of their components. In this context, a comparative study to determine the elastic properties of metal nitride nanosheets was carried out making use of the nanoscale continuum modelling (or molecular structural mechanics) method. The differences in the elastic properties (surface Young´s and shear moduli, and Poisson´s ratio) found for 2D 13th group MNs are attributed to the bond length of the respective diatomic hexagonal lattice. The results obtained contribute to a benchmark in the evaluation of mechanical properties of AlN, GaN, InN and TlN monolayers by analytical and numerical approaches.
Healthcare Discrepancies Between Multiple Racial and Ethnic Groups in the US
Authors: McCay Dennis
Published: October 2024

Abstract The research for this paper began several years ago in a graduate medical statistics class where I was told that “certain ethnic and cultural groups just have worse medical outcomes than others”. This paper looks at the different major divisions of our population and then; 1) develops a framework for understanding which groups are affected by the differences in medical access and outcomes, 2) attempts to document some of the reasons for these differences, and 3) offers some conclusions and possible first steps to improve the health of these groups and our society’s ability to provide care for the entire population.
Complex Order Derivation and Integration of Functions
Authors: Zhmud Vadim
Published: October 2024

Some mathematical problems reach such complexity that their solution and engineering interpretation is no longer possible, or at least extremely difficult for researchers without the use of artificial intelligence tools. Mathematical relations for such problems are very difficult to interpret. In connection with the development of means for mathematical calculations, such problems have partially lost their relevance. However, new problems can be posed in mathematics, for which the existing means of mathematical calculations may still be insufficient. Presumably, such problems include the problem of differentiation and integration to a complex degree. Derivation of various functions is widely used in many branches of mathematics, technology, and science. Historically, derivation was known for cases where the exponent index of the degree of derivation was a positive integer value, which meant the multiplicity of taking the derivation operation. Later, this operation was extended with the notion that the exponent index can also be negative, which means multiple integration. Derivation to a negative power is defined as integration, and integration to a negative power is defined as derivation. Later, the concept of the possibility of fractional (non-integer) derivation and, accordingly, fractional integration was developed and widely used. This extension of the mathematical tool proved to be of considerable practical value, since it permits the design and implementation of more efficient controllers for systems having negative feedback, for instance. Publications about taking the derivative to a purely imaginary degree have already appeared, but, apparently, the question of differentiation was also discussed in the literature, in which the degree of taking the derivative would be expressed by a complex number. The article suggests an approach to solving this problem, which may not have been discussed yet. If this complex number, denoting the degree of differentiation, has a positive real part, the operation is better called a special form of differentiation, but if the real part of the degree of differentiation is negative, then the operation is more consistent with the concept of integration. Formally, inverting the exponent of the degree of differentiation turns the operation into integration and vice versa. Throughout history, it has been repeatedly confirmed that mathematics occasionally solves problems that at the time of their discovery have no obvious applied value; however, the development of the theory is valuable in and of itself, even if there is currently no obvious applied value for such development. In addition, experience has shown that every new mathematical tool will ultimately be applied to a significant practical issue.
Analysis of the Intensity of Energy Consumption in the Transportation Sector of the Oil-Rich Country
Authors: Faraji Mehdi , Azizi Jafar
Published: October 2024

The analysis focuses on the intensity of energy consumption in the transportation sector, of the oil-rich country, Iran. The study emphasizes the importance of reducing energy consumption in transportation and identifies factors that affect energy efficiency. The research explores the impact of population growth, clean fuels, energy prices, and investment in energy efficiency in the transport sector. Using data from 1979 to 2011, the study estimates a model with the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model and emphasizes the significance of clean and renewable energies in reducing energy intensity. It also discusses the theoretical background, energy intensity factors, production technology, and the role of clean energy sources. The model framework includes variables like energy intensity index, relative energy price, number of cars, investment ratio, and clean energy production. The findings suggest an increasing trend in energy consumption in the transportation sector, highlighting the importance of identifying drivers that affect energy consumption in the sector.
A Study on the Role of Leaders in Achieving Sustainable Competitiveness and Sustainability During Change
Authors: Alnamlah Arwa Ali , Nalband Nisar Ahamad
Published: October 2024

Effective change management, corporate sustainability, and employee resilience are crucial factors influencing organizational success. This study explores how demographic factors impact these dimensions, specifically focusing on the role of leaders during change, sustainability, sustainable competitiveness, and employee resilience within a diverse workforce. Statistical analyses, including ANOVA and regression, were performed to examine the associations between demographic factors (gender, age, salary range, sector, job position, and total job experience) and the measured scales. The study found significant variations in employee perceptions of sustainable competitiveness based on gender and sector, with males and employees in the education sector reporting higher scores. Age and salary range significantly affected employee resilience, with younger employees and those in lower salary brackets showing higher resilience scores. The findings highlight the importance of considering demographic factors in assessing organizational performance, sustainability, and employee resilience. Gender and sector differences suggest targeted strategies may be necessary to address specific perceptions and experiences. Additionally, younger employees and those with lower salaries demonstrate higher resilience, which could inform organizational support programs. These insights can guide future research and organizational practices aimed at enhancing employee and organizational outcomes.
Programming Language Engineering—a Review of Text Processing Language Design, Implementation and Evaluation Methods
Authors: Willrich Lutalo Joseph
Published: October 2024

Programming languages drive most if not all of modern problem- solving using computational methods and power. Research into new programming languages and methods is essential to the furthering or improvement of computational problem-solving by making the design, implementation, and application of automation to general or particu- lar problem-solving ever easier, more accessible, and more performant. General-purpose Programming Languages (GPLs) typically are designed to be purely domain agnostic—meaning they can be applied in any ﬁeld, for any kind of problem. However, this typically also makes them hard and diﬃcult to apply in problems where non-programmers or even ex- perts with little or no GPL programming skills are required to leverage programmatic problem solving capabilities, which is why Domain Speciﬁc Languages (DSLs) come into play; they are generally more ﬁne-tuned to- wards improving human productivity and performance than that of the machine, while making solving particular, domain-oriented problems sim- pler. In this paper, we review the literature concerning how to design and then fully implement a new DSL, with special focus on a DSL for generic problem-solving leveraging Text Processing methods—essentially, a Text Processing Language (TPL). We consider leveraging the design research paradigm and philosophy as a systematic framework for guiding research into the development of new TPLs. This work presents for the ﬁrst time, new unifying theory concerning general, but also TPL-speciﬁc language engineering theory and guiding frameworks—UPLT, PLEF & PLEf. We consider quantitative but also qualitative evaluation of programming lan- guages. The SOE framework is re-introduced for this purpose too. Finally, we set the pace for future theoretical and practical research into the ﬁeld of programming language engineering especially with focus on TPLs.
New Insights on the Formation of the Mitral Valve Chordae Tendineae in Fetal Life
Authors: Martin Meghan , Gillett Kate , Whittick Parker , Wells Sarah Melissa
Published: October 2024

There is an increasing understanding that some mitral valve pathologies have developmental origins. The time course of valvulogenesis varies by animal model, where in cattle, the branched chordae tendineae architecture becomes fully developed at full term. The mechanism by which chordae tendineae bifurcate during fetal development remains unknown. The current study presents a detailed description of bovine chordae tendineae formation and bifurcation during fetal development. Analysis of Movat Pentachrome-stained histological sections of the developing mitral valve apparatus were accompanied by micro-CT imaging. TEM imaging of chordae branches and common trunks allowed measurement of collagen fibril diameter distributions. We observed a proteoglycan-rich “transition zone” at the junction between the fetal mitral valve anterior leaflet and chordae tendineae with “perforations” lined by MMP1/2 and Ki-67 expressing endothelial cells. This region also contained clusters of proliferating endothelial within the bulk of the tissue. We hypothesize this zone marks a region where chordae tendineae bifurcate during fetal development. In particular, perforations, created by localized MMP activity serve as a site for the initiation of a “split” of a single chordae attachment into two. This is supported by TEM results that suggest a similar population of collagen fibrils runs from the branches into a common trunk. A clear understanding of normal mitral valvulogenesis and it’s signaling mechanisms will be crucial in developing therapeutics and/or tissue-engineered valve replacements.
GIS and Contamination Indices for Environmental Risk Assessment of Landfill Disposal Sites in Central Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alharbi Talal , El-Sorogy Abdelbaset S. , Rikan Naji A. , Salem Yousef
Published: October 2024

Landfills pollute air, soil, surface and groundwater worldwide. Present work aims to assessment environmental Risks three landfills in southern Riyadh using GIS, soil quality guidelines, and contamination indices. GIS tools indicated an increase in the area of the landfill sites with time. The concentration of heavy metals (HMs) in the investigated landfills had the following descending order: Fe (11532 mg/kg) ˃ Al (5405 mg/kg) ˃ Pb (561.7 mg/kg) ˃ Zn (356.8 mg/kg) ˃ Mn (165 mg/kg) ˃ Cr (74.8 mg/kg) ˃ Cu (42.7 mg/kg) ˃ Ni (22.4 mg/kg) ˃ V (21.8 mg/kg) ˃ As (5.16 mg/kg) ˃ Co (4.08 mg/kg). The highest values of Al, As, Co, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn were recorded in Riyadh landfill 3, at the third industrial city. However, average values of all HMs decrease those from most worldwide soils and background, except Zn, Cu, Cr, and Pb. Results of enrichment factor and statistical analysis indicated deficiency to minimal enrichment and geogenic sources for Al, Co, Mn, and V, while those of As, Cr, Pb, Zn, and Ni showed EF ˃ 2 implied anthropogenic activities, especially in in Riyadh landfill 3. Additionally, very high contamination and high effects range-median were reported in individual samples, especially for Pb, As, and Zn, indicated frequent adverse effects for these HMs. The difference in contamination for the HMs in the studied landfill sites might be attributed to the difference in the magnitude of input for each metal into the landfill site and/or the difference in the removal rate of each metal from it.
Characterization and Experimental Use of Multiple Myeloma Bone Marrow Endothelial Cells and Progenitors
Authors: Garbicz Filip , Kaszkowiak Marcin , Dudkiewicz-Garbicz Julia , Dorfman David M. , Ostrowska Julia , Barankiewicz Joanna , Salomon-Perzyński Aleksander , Lech-Marańda Ewa , Nguyen Tuyet , Juszczyński Przemysław , Carrasco Ruben D , Misiewicz-Krzeminska Irena
Published: October 2024

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy that resides within the bone marrow microenvironment, relying heavily on interactions with its cellular components. Among these, endothelial cells (ECs) play a pivotal role in MM progression and the development of therapeutic resistance. In this study, we analyzed publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing data to identify unique pathway activations distinguishing ECs from MM patients and healthy donors. We developed a novel protocol to isolate and culture endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and ECs directly from MM patient bone marrow, demonstrating their ability to promote myeloma cell proliferation. Validation studies confirmed that these MM-derived ECs exhibit angiogenic potential as well as expression of characteristic endothelial lineage markers. These findings underscore the critical role of bone marrow ECs in the MM tumor microenvironment and highlight potential new therapeutic targets to disrupt MM progression.