bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reading religion and consuming the past in the feast of Guadalupe
Authors: Wessel Adele , Jones Andrew
Published: October 2019

Les « fiestas » sont des événements symboliques reflétant la mémoire populaire de différents groupes sociaux. Les rituels qui accompagnent les « fiestas » invoquent le passé pour le réactualiser au présent. De ce fait, la « fiesta » est une arène trans-historique où l’histoire officielle peut être contextualisée et donc contestée. La « fiesta » de Guadalupe est célébrée tous les décembre à Tortugas au Nouveau Mexique. La nourriture est centrale dans l’expression religieuse et l’identité communautaire de la « fiesta », elle renvoie dans sa traduction au jour de fête consacré à la Vierge de Guadalupe. Dans cet article, le repas servi dans la « Casa de Comida » sera utilisé comme un texte historique, comme une forme de communication ou de représentation de la communauté et de son histoire. Une attention particulière sera apportée à l’interdépendance des histoires des indigènes et des immigrants telles qu’elles s’expriment dans la consommation des repas, mais aussi à l’héritage du colonialisme inhérent à cette fête.
S’alimenter durant son voyage à Quito (Équateur)
Authors: Sigrist Marie
Published: October 2019

Pour bénéficier des avantages économiques et sociaux liés au tourisme, les institutions et les populations locales d'un territoire développent des stratégies valorisant certains aspects culturels pour organiser l’offre touristique. Ce processus inclut souvent une mise en scène de l’alimentation d'un territoire sur le marché touristique, mettant certains traits culturels en avant, au détriment d’autres. Cela correspond souvent à l’idée que les entités locales et institutions touristiques se font de l’alimentation considérée typique par les touristes. Les acteurs locaux cherchent ainsi à remplir les attentes des touristes envers le type d’offre culinaire, sa présentation et la sécurité du touriste. A Quito, capitale de l’Équateur, les touristes se montrent majoritairement méfiants face à l'alimentation locale durant leur voyage. Quelles sont les représentations des touristes sur ce qu'il se mange à Quito et comment contribuent-elles à la patrimonialisation à Quito? Comment et pourquoi la gastronomie « gourmet » est-elle mise en avant au détriment de la gastronomie populaire? À partir d’une recherche ethnographique menée durant trois mois à Quito, cet article propose une étude sur les représentations de l'alimentation quiténienne par les touristes, ainsi que sur le modelage du catalogue alimentaire des quiténiens suggéré à la lecture des visiteurs.
Typologie de signatures esthétiques dans l’art culinaire français et ses liens avec le tourisme
Authors: Zancanaro Frédéric
Published: October 2019

Le degré d’excellence atteint tant au niveau esthétique que technique par la cuisine savante dès la seconde moitié du 17ème siècle, doublé d’une capacité à créer et/ou à interpréter des œuvres originales, permet de faire passer la cuisine du rang d’activité domestique et artisanale au rang d’activité professionnelle artistique. Partant de ce postulat, nous nous sommes intéressés dans cet article à la dimension esthétique de l’art culinaire et ses liens avec le tourisme. L’étude d’ouvrages d’« art » couplée avec la consommation in situ de mets et à des entretiens biographiques de 15 chefs tri-étoilés au guide Michelin, permettent de faire émerger des types de signatures esthétiques « classiques » et « contemporaines », chacune se rattachant à un paradigme culinaire. L’acte de manger ne se résumant pas à la simple incorporation de nutriments, consommer des œuvres culinaires esthétisées peut être de nature à participer au souvenir touristique d’un lieu, d’une région, d’un pays.
From the landscape to the table
Authors: Moreno Ignacio López , Criado Encarnación Aguilar
Published: October 2019

This article seeks to enhance the debate on collective action to improve the quality of gastronomic offer for tourists and to promote sustainable territorial development. We followed a case study strategy, with the island of Texel in The Netherlands as the observational unit. The methodology observed the ethnographic approach and implemented qualitative research techniques. Our study has four main conclusions : (a) cultural patterns and the local history path are key to understand territorial transformation and the ability to create new social institutions; (b) strong local identity and sense of community facilitate the necessary reorganization and transformation of local economic activities ; (c) quality labels are useful social institution to govern Common Pool Resources (CPRs) and to embed local food in the tourist offer in a sustainable way; (d) local food can guide and enhance the tourist experience of visitors when it is part of the cultural landscape.
Colombo cabri or vegetarian meal: wherein lies the power?
Authors: Martín-i-Pardo Meritxell
Published: October 2019

“Colombo Cabri or Vegetarian Meal” montre que certains aliments sont utilisés pour définir deux sectes Hindouistes concurrentes en Guadeloupe, dans les Antilles françaises. Ces groupes expriment des identités différentes concurrentes en termes de visibilité et de revendication de pouvoir pour contrôler l’avenir de l’Hindouisme sur l’île. Ces deux entités, identifiées à juste titre comme Hindouistes « traditionalistes » d’une part et « globalistes » d’autre part, mettent en œuvre une rhétorique pour légitimer leurs différentes revendications qui passe par l’adoption ou le rejet du « colombo », un curry de viandes marinées dans cette sauce, comme repas rituel de la secte dont le discours vise à dicter le droit chemin de la communauté Hindouiste de l’île.
From potato to rice and beans: memory and Polish culinary tradition throughout three generations
Authors: Juzwiak Claudia Ridel , Juzwiak Teressa , Juzwiak Victor Ridel
Published: October 2019

Aiming to comprehend the continuities and changes in food choices and the role of Polish food as a part of the food culture of each generation, four subjects were interviewed, representing three generations of a family that migrated from Poland to Brazil. Narratives were analysed using Content Analysis and the Food Choice Trajectory Model as a framework. For the three generations, it is during family celebrations that the Polish traditions and cuisine have been recovered and rediscovered and when “Polishness” has revealed itself the strongest. However, the memory of recipes has been lost over time and the preparation methods currently in use have been adapted. The assimilation process observed in the adoption of the most typical Brazilian staple food does not overshadow the complexity of multiple identities within each individual nor of the family as a whole.
Lorsque le morcellement animal structure l’espace de la représentation
Authors: Boudier Valérie
Published: October 2019

À partir de l’analyse d’un corpus de peintures flamandes de la fin du 16e et de la première moitié du 17e siècle, ce texte propose une réflexion sur la boucherie, en tant que lieu : lieu d’activités, lieu d’interactions et lieu d’inscriptions du corps du boucher et de celui de l’animal. Représentée systématiquement comme un lieu clos, un espace séparé de son environnement, qu’il soit urbain ou rural, l’espace de la boucherie est, aussi, interprété par ses ouvertures - fenêtres, portes et seuils - qui structurent les images et orientent leur lecture. Dans l’image, l’espace de la boucherie se révèle être, enfin, un lieu de la disjonction entre l’animal et la viande. Une disjonction qui est représentée systématiquement par l’éloignement spatial mis en scène entre la tête et la carcasse animales. La tête écorchée au regard encore vif est séparée de la viande advenue par la carcasse dans l’espace de la représentation.
Le développement des boucheries et snacks halal agréés AVS, entre logiques commerciales et religieuses
Authors: Franck Alice , Gardin Jean
Published: October 2019

Cet article cherche à cerner ce qui se joue dans le passage « de l’ethnique à l’éthique » revendiqué par certains organismes français de certification halal, en particulier par l’association AVS (A Votre Service). Cette formule postule que les consommateurs seraient en trois décennies passés d’une posture de confiance à une méfiance généralisée engendrée par le caractère industriel des pratiques en abattoir. Elle résume en outre l’objectif d’AVS : mettre à disposition des consommateurs musulmans des produits garantissant les qualités éthiques et religieuses de la viande grâce à des techniques de traçabilité. Sur la base d’une vingtaine d’entretiens menés chez AVS et auprès des bouchers certifiés par AVS, notre travail remet en question le rôle moteur des choix des consommateurs et souligne le rôle de certains bouchers offrant des produits dans lesquels ils investissent du sens, sans pourtant parvenir à recréer de la confiance. Nous mettons en avant une tension dynamique entre ce qu'une filière industrielle peut offrir et des consommateurs soupçonneux mais qui doivent s'inscrire dans les offres qu'elle propose.
Mettre en scène la vente de la viande
Authors: Leteux Sylvain
Published: October 2019

Avant 1858, la boucherie est une activité où les efforts de décoration et de présentation des viandes sont faibles et rares. Avec la démocratisation de la consommation de la viande de boucherie et le développement de la concurrence commerciale, les bouchers parisiens vont développer de multiples stratégies pour embellir leur boutique et mettre en scène les pièces de viande. Les contraintes réglementaires et hygiéniques ont été habilement utilisées et parfois détournées pour renforcer l’attractivité du magasin. Le mode de stockage et de présentation des viandes évolue avec l’arrivée du froid mécanique (glacières) puis du froid électrique (frigorifiques). À partir des années 1930, les techniques de parage et les grands étalages atteignent un degré de sophistication extrême et constituent un élément important de l’identité professionnelle des bouchers parisiens et français.
Les figures géométriques de l’élevage intensif et de l’abattoir industriel
Authors: Saunier Pierre
Published: October 2019

La première partie de ce texte rappelle que l’abattage et la transformation des viandes sont une industrie de série avec les conséquences qui en découlent sur la composition de la main-d’œuvre, sur la délocalisation des abattoirs, sur la continuité des opérations - laquelle s’applique également en amont et en aval de l’abattoir. On montre que cette continuité économique est aussi une continuité géométrique : l’élevage, le transport, la transformation des animaux ont pour cadre des tracés souvent orthogonaux (parallèles des couloirs d’acheminement, quadrilatères des parcs d’engraissement, cubes des cages, etc.) ; ces tracés eux-mêmes supposent un degré d’emprise sur les animaux qui n’apparait qu’avec l’industrialisation de l’élevage. La seconde partie du texte traite de l’impact de l’abattage stricto sensu, d’une part sur la composition genrée de la main-d’œuvre (« l’excès d’hommes » dans les abattoirs), d’autre part sur la représentation dominante de l’abattoir : pour celle-ci, abattoir et abattage ne font qu’un ce qui conduit à un classement paradoxal de l’abattoir (et du boucher) dans le commerce plutôt que dans l’industrie. Sur ce thème comme sur le précédent, plusieurs explications sont confrontées.
From Farm to Table : productive alliances as a pathway to inclusive development in Peru
Authors: Kollenda Heidrun
Published: October 2019

Peru’s gastronomic ascent has been a source of national pride and a motor for the local economy: providing new sources of employment and a pathway to inclusive development. At the heart of the gastronomic discourse are productive alliances, farm-to-table schemes that aim to revalue the role of farmers by (re)connecting excluded farmers with the urban gastronomy sector. This paper examines how the normative principles of productive alliances manifest at gastronomy festivals and are implemented in the day-to-day sourcing practices in Limenian restaurants and at farmer markets. Data from field research in Lima shows that the discourse on productive alliances and strong public and private support has led to a higher awareness of social and environmental concerns within the local food system. Yet, direct sourcing relationships remain the exception and are hindered by infrastructure problems, lack of information and quality concerns. To substantially contribute to inclusive development, the gastronomy discourse requires a stronger emphasis on structural factors and spatial exclusion.
ENF Based Video Forgery Detection Algorithm
Authors: Wang Yufei , Hu Yongjian , Liew Alan Wee-Chung , Li Chang-Tsun
Published: October 2019

The electric network frequency (ENF) is recorded in the videos taken under the lights powered by grid and can be used for digital forensics. However, due to the lack of data caused by the low frame rate of the video, the ENF-based forensics methods always need a reference signal extracted from the grid, which limits the practical application of these methods. In this article, a new ENF-based time domain video forgery detection algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of data lack. The cubic spline interpolation is used to generate suitable data points of the ENF signal, and the detection sequence generated based on the correlation coefficient between data points in adjacent periods is used to catch the phase continuity interruption of the ENF signal and detect the exact position of forgery. The proposed algorithm can be used independently without any reference signals. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has good performance in detecting forgery videos with varying degrees of deletion, duplication and insertion of frames.
Conversational Commerce and CryptoCurrency Research in Urban Office Employees in Thailand
Authors: Rungvithu Tantham , Kerdvibulvech Chutisant
Published: October 2019

Conversational commerce has become an emerging global marketing communication trend in the past few years. Recent studies suggested some beneficial aspects of conversational commerce in customer satisfaction, while some claimed different areas that conventional (traditional) commerce still excels in. Therefore, this research examined and compared conversational commerce with conventional commerce in terms of customer satisfaction towards Thai urban office employees, which helped to determine areas of improvement for conversational commerce sellers. Accordingly, a convenient sampling quantitative and qualitative surveys were conducted with the sample size of 50 (n=50), on Thai office employees aged 22-60 years. Nine different customer satisfaction factors and commentary session were employed to determine the effectiveness and winner of each commerce type via vertically designed ordinal Likert Scales. Cryptocurrency research is also conducted using interviews as a data collect method.
Analysis of Economic Learning Success
Authors: Indrawati Henny , Caska
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this article is to (1) analyze the economics basic competencies difficult to be mastered by the students, (2) investigate the factors causing low student competencies on the NE in economics subject for the related basic competencies and find the solution to overcome the problems, and (3) formulate the appropriate model to improve success in economics learning. This study analyzed the variables that determine the success of students in economics learning. There are several points that can be concluded from the findings of the study, they are: 1) the competence of students in economics learning is in the poor category; 2) variables that determine the success of economics learning; 3) student motivation for learning was the most effect variable in determining the success of economics learning. From several studies that have been done, there has been no study that combines all the variables in determining the success of learning.
An Overview of the IoT Coordination Challenge
Authors: Belkeziz Radia , Jarir Zahi
Published: October 2019

The Internet of Thing has been identified as one of the emerging technologies in IT. It interconnects and integrates large numbers of digital and physical entities by capability of appropriate information and communication technologies, to enable building enormous useful and unimaginable services and applications. However, building new IoT services or applications is a fastidious task since it is faced to several challenges such as interoperability, context-awareness, discovery, availability, decision-making. In this article, the authors are interested in coordination challenges that are still open despite the efforts of international organizations and scientific research groups. In fact, the authors outline a recent literature review of existing IoT coordination approaches. In the literature, researchers tend to use orchestration or choreography as a way to meet this challenge. A classification and the vision on this topic are presented. The authors propose an approach that is more likely to respond to the co-ordination challenge.
Hybrid Model for Movie Recommendation System Using Fireflies and Fuzzy C-Means
Authors: Kumar M. Sandeep , Prabhu J.
Published: October 2019

In the era of Big Data, extremely complicated data is delivered from the system, of which it is impossible to collect the correct information with an online platform. In this research work, it provides a hybrid model for a movie-based recommender system; based on meta-heuristic firefly algorithm and fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering technique to evaluate rating of a movie for a specific user based on the similarity of users and historical data. The firefly algorithm was employed in the movie lens dataset to get the initial cluster and also to initialize the position of clusters. FCM is used to classify the similarity of the user ratings. The proposed collaborative recommender system performed well regarding accuracy and precision. Various metrics are used in a movie lens dataset like mean absolute error (MAE), precision, and recall. The experimental result delivered by the system provides more efficient performance compared to the existing system in term of mean absolute error (MAE).
Improved Protocol for Scale Inhibitor Evaluation: A Meaningful Step on Scale Management
Authors: Rosa Katia Regina Silva Alves da , Fontes Rosane Alves , Rosário Francisca Ferreira do , Freitas Tiago Cavalvante , Penna Mônica de Oliveira , Castro Bruno Barbosa , Silva Mário Germino Ferreira da , Silva Giselle Maria Lopes Leite da , Silva Jussara Mello , Figueiredo Mariana Rocha
Published: October 2019

Scale occurrence can cause oil and gas production loss with high economic impacts. Currently, the use of chemicals is one of the key strategies for scale management. A laboratory tests protocol is essential to qualify and guarantee chemical effectiveness in the field. The objective of this work is to present a protocol that includes improvements in the procedures to evaluate scale inhibitors and allows wide application to several production scenarios. The protocol is an improvement based on published international technical standards and the literature. These adjustments of the experimental procedures enabled the representation of a wide range of scaling scenarios from reservoir to topside facilities. An efficient application of scale inhibitor includes the definition of the ionic composition of aqueous fluids as well as the pressure and temperature conditions of the target scenario. To perform the laboratory tests, synthetic waters are prepared to represent the water production scenario, including pH. The tests are performed using synthetic produced water, including evaluation of fluids compatibility (one or two phase experiment), thermal stability and static and dynamic performance (DSL-dynamic scale loop). The proposed test protocol allows the qualification of scale inhibitors to the production scenario considered, reducing the associated uncertainties of upscaling from laboratory to field. The availability of the company's protocols makes it possible to achieve greater accuracy in the recommendation of commercial scale inhibitors, allowing a better cost-benefit with the optimization of the effective minimum concentrations. In addition, this availability encourages the development of new generation inhibitors for challenging scenarios with high scaling potential. The improved protocol is designed to represent critical salt precipitation scenarios, similar to those found in the Brazilian Pre-salt (high salinity, high temperature, high saturation ratio, high CO2 content), and has been successfully applied in the screening and qualification of scale inhibitors.
Identifying Reservoir Rock Types Using a Modified FZI Technique in the Brazilian Pre-Salt
Authors: Bize Forest Nadege , Abbots Frances , Baines Victoria , Boyd Austin
Published: October 2019

The definition of Reservoir Rock Types (RRT) is a key challenge in the evaluation and characterization of carbonate reservoirs, and this step is critical as the RRT's define the building blocks for constructing 3D models, as RRT definition links to static and dynamic reservoir properties. This paper describes an innovative and synergetic rock typing process linking geology and petrophysical properties, with a customization of the Flow Zone Indicator (FZI) method to identify RRT's and characterize the heterogeneous oil-bearing Pre-salt carbonates of the Santos Basin, Brazil offshore.

A data set of 448 MICP from the Pre-Salt carbonates of Barra Velha Formation was used to build the FZI-RRT model. The optimal number of RRTs, five in total, is determined by using an unsupervised neural network with capillary pressure parameters as inputs, permeability, effective porosity and water saturation. The five classes are delineated by FZI values at 10% porosity and key permeability values, chosen for reasons due flow properties at the core and log scale and suitability in EOR treatments. The five RRTs define a unique permeability/porosity equation that can be propagated to the full core dataset and to the log domain. An ID card for each RRT is then created with specific static and dynamic properties (porosity, permeability, water saturation, relative permeability) that can be used for 3D reservoir modeling.
FPSO Topside Standardisation
Authors: Baharim Rosdi Bin , Leemeijer John Ernest
Published: October 2019

The objective of the paper is to explain the need of standardisation in design and construction of Topsides for FPSO. The main target is to reduce design error, improve engineering process, support procurement and ensure repeatability.

The scope of this paper focuses on the complex design process that is required to be performed at conceptual and FEED stage, then further carried over to Detailed Engineering, Procurement, Construction, Commissioning and Operation stages. This s focuses on specification and standardisations involved across all disciplines including mechanical, piping, structure, instrumentation and electrical. The utilisation of the standard will be taking place at all levels, namely Module, System and Equipment. The approach concentrates on the deployment of these engineering standards and specifications early on so that they can be used throughout the project. The information is to be made available in the form of guidelines.

The second part of standardisation is at component or product level. In order to streamline the diversity of the options, the standardisation is the substance to reduce variety by specifying the component that will be associated with the equipment, system and module. There is tremendous reduction of work when commonality is implemented across the topside.

‘Construction hat’ thinking was one of the features in standardisation. We encourage two-way discussion and feedback with fabrication and construction. Apart from ensuring the constructability, the ability to source the material is one of the important benefits. Similarly, for Operation, close relationship with the operator will ensure the operability and maintainability of the asset that has been constructed.

Through the implementation of these engineering standards and specifications, one avoids performing unnecessary basic engineering works. For example, piping specifications that we generate are based on pipe specification from standards (e.g. API, B31.3). Specific project requirements may result in changes to these standard industry specifications.
Study of the Optimum Level of Financial Participation in Risky Projects for Oil and Gas Exploration and Production
Authors: Motta Regis Da Rocha , Basílio Lorena Alves Damacena
Published: October 2019

In this paper it is presented how the application of the Decision Tree technique (DT) with different Utility Functions (UF) and the Certainty Equivalent concept (CE) can reveal the optimal level of financial participation (OLFP) of a given decision maker in risky projects for oil and gas exploration and production.

The decision whether or not to participate in an upstream project may lead to either a one-company contract orand association of several companies, with the aim of distributing the risk to levels tolerated. With this in view, this article will apply the Decision Tree (DT) with five types of Utility Functions (UF) with their respective Certainty Equivalents (CE), and discuss the different results obtained, according to the type of UF used: exponential, hyperbolic tangent, logarithmic, square root and linear, the latter being used for the case of risk indifference and the others for decision makers with risk aversion.

Each company has its particularities in deciding whether or not to participate in an oil and gas exploration and production project, such as the level os risk aversion or its estimate of reserves available for the next years, given the present production. Each utility function has a distinct behavior and each one of them is presented and discussed some utility functions suiting best each decision maker profile. Additionally, the application of different attitudes towards risk in the successive phases of an upstream project is discussed, as well as Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT), which can take advantage of the five types of utility function, each one capable of representing a different dimension of the same project (e.g. economic, polytical, environmental, technological, financial). Softwares were used to obtain the graphical and numerical results presented. The results obtained are easily replicable.

The novelty is an analysis that compares in detail the use of five utility functions in the study of the optimal level of financial participation in oil and gas exploration projects with risks in a clear and replicable way, applying the results obtained to the profiles of decision makers and explaining certain behaviors in the acquisition and development of oil and gas fields by companies.
Integrated Workflow for Optimizing Waterflood Design in Brazil Large Mature Field Using Streamline Simulation
Authors: Marques Flora , Cosme Vigano Guilherme , Giuriatto Jean Luis , de Freitas Bezerra Matheus
Published: October 2019

An integrated workflow was developed to support the waterflood design of an onshore field in Brazil. This giant mature field has more than 2000 drilled wells with a long production history that has been declining. The objective of the study was then to improve the recovery factor for that field, as well as generate an integrated workflow that could be adapted and applied to other similar fields.

The workflow comprised four main stages. It started with the gathering and treatment of all relevant input data, such as fluid and rock lab data, well logs, and production historical data, to construct a simulation model fit for streamline simulation. A sensitivity study was then conducted analysing the uncertain parameters that had most impact on the simulation results, followed by an uncertainty analysis. Best candidates from this second phase were then used as base cases for the history match process. Eventually, the waterflood design was analysed and optimized considering three main aspects: water allocation, workovers and well placement.

The water allocation was first optimized and a reduction of about a fifth of injected water was achieved while maintaining the level of oil production. This was performed using the Pattern Flood Management algorithm (PFM), available in the streamline simulator. This module performed water re-allocation based on bundle efficiency ranking. Different control criteria and optimization parameters were experimented to reach an optimal result. The potential for workovers and, in particular conversion of producers into injectors, was then evaluated but didn't provide a significant improvement in results. Eventually it was considered an increase in well count, looking into optimized well placement based on sweet spot maps and streamline analysis. These solutions were finally combined in an iterative process to ensure interactive effects were accounted for and all aspects jointly optimized and led to an expected increase in oil production of about 5%.

This study generated an integrated workflow bridging a long production history with a full-field simulation model for this large mature field. Also, using streamline simulation for such waterflood design optimization appeared fit for purpose. First, it brought an improved efficiency as the workflow required running several scenarios. Second, it allowed to not only consider traditional tools to improve recovery factor but also solutions making use of the understanding of model connectivity the streamline simulator provides.
Towards a Deterministic Approach to Calcite Scaling in the Porous Media During CO2 Sequestration and Immiscible CO2 Flooding
Authors: Muhemmed Sajjaat , Kumar T. Harish , Nasr-El-Din A. Hisham
Published: October 2019

Scale deposition has been known to occur in porous media when the existing fluid becomes supersaturated based on changes in the ambient pressures and temperatures. Studies have been performed on the generation of mathematical models for evaluating scales in radial flow. Scaling is a well-known problem in producing wells, and prediction models from thermodynamic and kinetic aspects have been provided, and methods have been addressed in the industry to solve this problem. In this study, calcite deposition in the reservoir during CO2 injection processes is evaluated deterministically. Limited studies have been performed on calcite scaling in porous media with a reservoir simulation tool. CO2 EOR and sequestration has been widely analyzed. However, the mineralization factor has only been looked at from a CO2 storage point of view. Some light on the possible effects of calcite precipitation has on oil production. Calcite scaling tends to reduce the cross-sectional flow area for fluids in the pores, thus resulting in a permeability reduction which hampers levels of oil production. In order to quantify scale deposition in porous media, four different simulation cases were studied: 1. CO2 storage in an aquifer model, 2.CO2 EOR in a Light-Oil reservoir model, 3.CO2 storage in an aquifer-like lab-scale core model along with sensitivities. For the field-scale aquifer case, the effect of temperature, salinity, and heterogeneity on calcite deposition in the aquifer. CO2-EOR along with miscible and immiscible CO2 flooding were studied, to visualize the presence of calcite precipitation and its impact on oil recovery.
Wettability Alteration in Carbonate Rocks by the Low Salinity Water using a High-Speed Centrifuge
Authors: Almeida Sarah Bernardes de , Winter Alessandra , Pires Luis Oliveira , Trevisan Osvair Vidal
Published: October 2019

Carbonate reservoirs are characterized by neutral or oil-wet surfaces and the injection of water as a secondary recovery method may result in low oil recovery factors. The injection of low salinity brines has shown to be a method that can lead to significant additional oil recoveries, since they promote alteration of the surface wettability towards a more water-wet condition. Several studies indicated that some ions present in the injected brine (Ca2+, Mg2+ and SO42-) are able to act in the ionic exchanges that promote the wettability alteration. Also, the decrease of the concentration of Na+ and Cl- resulted in an additional oil recovery factor in some studies. The studies of oil recovery at laboratory scale are usually performed in Amott's cells or by coreflooding. In this paper, the study of oil recovery using a high-speed centrifuge (HSC) is proposed in an innovative way with the aim to validate it as an apparatus for the study of wettability alteration. For this, six Silurian dolomite outcrop cores were used. Primary drainage process was performed on the HSC to establish the initial water saturation condition. Formation water and oil from a Brazilian pre-salt field with 2% weight of naphthenic acid were used as the saturation fluids. The cores were aged at 110 °C for 20 days to alter the initial water-wet condition. Two sets of tests were performed in the HSC to study the effects of the reduction of Na+ and Cl- ions in seawater composition. Additional oil recovery was observed using brine depleted of Na+ and Cl- ions. Besides, it was observed the influence of the sample permeability on oil recovery. The high concentration of Na+ and Cl- ions hinder the access of the potential ions (Ca2+, Mg2+ and SO42-) to the rock surface and, as consequence, hamper the wettability alteration mechanism. Removing these ions, the potential ions can reach easier to the surface and alters its wettability towards a more water-wet condition, promoting the additional oil recovery. Thus, the results showed that HSC could be used as preliminary apparatus for the wettability alteration studies in carbonate samples.
Financial Planning of Maintenance Services for Atmospheric Hydrocarbon Filled Tanks
Authors: Modica Eduardo José , Federico Honda Heitor
Published: October 2019

Resource scheduling, particularly when applied to hydrocarbon filled atmospheric tanks, challenges planning professionals. When presented with new projects, it is important to maintain the new costs coherent and in line with the company's past portfolio. An ill formed financial schedule leads to problems within contracts as well as in the company's regular activities. Although sometimes it is not as easily perceived as operational losses, one can easily see that such wrong predictions invariably lead to incorrect resource allocation leading to financial misuse of the company's funds. Such concern is notably true for the Brazilian petroleum industry, especially within the transport sector. The sheer size of the projects and the assets involved – mainly due to the country’s continental territory - make any deviation of critical importance. Therefore, to establish a solid methodology in order to obtain parameters and foreseen the resource expenditure as well as operational impacts would be of great value for companies trying to assess opportunities, targets, resource allocation and return rates.

Throughout the current research, the authors assessed over thirty physical-financial project plans from a well-known Brazilian pipeline company. From this bulk of projects schedules, twenty were further selected for a more detailed analysis based on similarities - among them - in complexity and investment sizes. The projects were then normalized according to their total capital and time expenditure. The resulting normalized project schedules provided the basis for the methodology presented through the text.

The resulting methodology, presented in this paper, aims at assisting planning professionals to infer future financial needs to new projects, as long as similarities constraints are respected. The technique is able to provide data to engineers, planning professionals and managers make a more informed decision. Furthermore, the methodology demands that the resulting database must be updated as new projects are included in the company's portfolio. The database should acquire a Bayesian character in order to provide actual information.
Drilling to Well Integrity- Multidisciplinary Approach using Advanced Multipole Sonic-While-Drilling Technology Saves Rig Time
Authors: Al-Fawwaz Abdullah Abdulrahman , Al-Ajmi Fahad , Razwan Kashif , Ghosh Krishnendu , Naqeeb Ibrahim Abdulrahman , Torres Portillo Maria Andrea
Published: October 2019

In recent years, as the cost of drilling, evaluating, and completing wells continues to rise in offshore, operators are seeking new technologies that offer measurements comparable to proven wireline logging technologies. Logging while drilling (LWD) technology has progressed swiftly in recent time to address the need for saving rig time by enabling real-time informed decisions for drilling efficiency and risk management. LWD sonic is traditionally used to log formation slowness in the open hole but increasingly being used in cased hole to optimize logging time and evaluate top of cement.

Before starting a hole section, well integrity is a critical input to decide if it is safe to drill ahead or additional measures are required to assure operation safety. In this case study we demonstrate that both, measuring formation slowness in open and cased hole along with evaluating the success of a cementing operation can be obtained with the latest generation of LWD sonic tools while drilling, thus saving rig time, simplifying operations, and assuring operation safety and integrity.

In this case study we demonstrate that formation slowness can also be recorded in cased hole with LWD tools when the cement bonding is sufficient to allow good coupling. This advanced technique of logging formation slowness through casing with LWD can complement conventional logging, or even save an additional logging run in some cases, and therefore result in significant savings to the operator. Where azimuthal cement evaluation is not a strict requirement, knowing the top-of-cement (TOC) from LWD can help to confirm well integrity without adding rig-time. This in turn will help to take on-time decision to plan additional logging requirements for advanced analysis
Test Results of a Comparison between a Conventional and Low Shear Valve and Its Effect on Water/Oil Separation
Authors: Monteiro Andre Sampaio , Da Silva Fabrício Soares
Published: October 2019

During the last years, a lot of work have been done focusing on development of low shear valves solutions to be applied on petroleum primary process plants. The main goal of the low shear valve is to generate water-in-oil (WiO) and oil-in-water (OiW) emulsions that can be easier treated by the separation process, when compared with emulsion generated by conventional valves.

This paper presents experimental results of a comparison between a commercial low shear valve and a conventional valve. Both valves were installedin parallel on a test loop and the fluids used for all test matrix points were potable water mixed with Petrobras Marlim Crude Oil. The test matrix includes variation of differential pressure on valves, flowrates and concentration of water/oil. Samples were collected downstream of both valves and led to settle into several residence times. The degree of contamination of both phases were analyzed for all residence times.

The benefit of the application of low shear valve was quantified for all test conditions and the results were very promissory. The pressure drops across valves were selected considering typical values observed at Petrobras choke valves and control level valves. For almost all test matrix's points the emulsion generated by the low shear valve showed at least a slight benefit, allowing have better water quality after settling. The low shear valve solution showed to be a promissory technology but the magnitude of the benefit is very influenced by valve process operation conditions.
Optimizing Rotary Shoulder Connection for Drilling Program
Authors: Bhukya Shankar , Plessis Guillaume , Hussain Raza
Published: October 2019

The drill string may be considered a minute component of the complex drilling program; however, it is more essential to the program than often thought. It has also become more challenging to select the right rotary shoulder connection when many are available to the drilling engineer. There is a wide choice of technologies available that have different functionalities and limitations. One may also be hard-pressed with selecting the right drill pipe as choices can be quite confusing even to specialists, yet the drilling engineer must select the correct drill string and drill pipe connection. If not properly optimized, he/she may either over-engineer or under-engineer the drill string design for the said program and have to deal with the consequences.

Often enough, original equipment manufacturers (OEM) are involved in application work, helping drilling engineers find a workable solution for a project they are working on. Finding an optimized selection of components to be assembled in as string that will be used to drill and complete a field development is essential. It requires choosing tools that will be able to resist the torsional, tensile, pressure loads, optimizing hydraulics as well as resisting fatigue and exposure to corrosive fluids.

A number of technologies are available that will help to deliver challenging prospects or help maintain the cost of operation as minimum as possible. This paper lists field-proven solutions that are trending in the industry, with the hope that adopting the appropriate ones will deliver results by improving drilling and completion efficiency.
Spa therapy induces clinical improvement and protein changes in patients with chronic back pain
Authors: Angioni M.M. , Denotti A. , Pinna S. , Sanna C. , Montisci F. , Dessole G. , Loi A. , Cauli A.
Published: October 2019

This study is primarily aimed at assessing serum changes on a large panel of proteins in patients with chronic back pain following spa therapy, as well as evaluating different spa therapy regimens as a preliminary exploratory clinical study. Sixty-six patients with chronic back pain secondary to osteoarthritis were randomly enrolled and treated with daily mud packs and bicarbonate-alkaline mineral water baths, or a thermal hydrotherapy rehabilitation scheme, the combination of the two regimens or usual medication only (control group), for two weeks. Clinical variables were evaluated at baseline, after 2 and 12 weeks. One thousand serum proteins were tested before and after a two-week mud bath therapy. All spa treatment groups showed clinical benefit as determined by improvements in VAS pain, Roland Morris disability questionnaire and neck disability index at both time points. The following serum proteins were found greatly increased (≥2.5 fold) after spa treatment: inhibin beta A subunit (INHBA), activin A receptor type 2B (ACVR2B), angiopoietin-1 (ANGPT1), beta-2-microglobulin (B2M), growth differentiation factor 10 (GDF10), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), fibroblast growth factor 12 (FGF12), oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 (OLR1), matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP13). Three proteins were found greatly decreased (≤0.65 fold): apolipoprotein C-III (Apoc3), interleukin 23 alpha subunit p19 (IL23A) and syndecan-1 (SDC1). Spa therapy was confirmed as beneficial for chronic back pain and proved to induce changes in proteins involved in functions such as gene expression modulation, differentiation, angiogenesis, tissue repair, acute and chronic inflammatory response.
Practical guidelines to ameliorate the effects of internal and external deployments on the marriages of soldiers
Authors: Mtshayisa Velile E. , Letsosa Rantoa
Published: October 2019

This article critically looks at the challenges that are incumbent in the deployment of married soldiers who work for the South African National Defence Force (SANDF). The SANDF previously deployed soldiers outside the borders of South Africa for a period of 6 months or less. But currently, the SANDF has a deployment period of 12 months. This period is twice that of the earlier period, which means that soldiers and their families have to spend 12 months apart from one another. This has an adverse effect on the marriages of soldiers and makes the SANDF appear as an uncaring institute because its military operations tend to impact family lives. Using a qualitative research approach, this article explores the emic experiences of married soldiers who were deployed, and concludes by suggesting some pastoral guidelines that may prove useful for a multi-professional team handling the issues of deployment.
At the edge of the Fourth Industrial Revolution: Employees’ perceptions of employment equity from a CIBART perspective
Authors: Oosthuizen Rudolf M. , Mayer Claude-Hélène
Published: October 2019

Orientation: In accordance with global trends, South Africa is striving for the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). Discourses of employees’ employment equity (EE) perceptions within the 4IR context are studied 25 years after apartheid.Research purpose: The purpose of the study was to understand the systems psychodynamics underneath the surface of employees’ perceptions of EE in South Africa within the context of the 4IR.Motivation for the study: South African workplaces are debated nationally and urged to compete with 4IR changes on a global level. This research focuses on employees’ perceptions of EE underneath the surface and aims at understanding employees’ perceptions through the conflict, identity, boundaries, authority, roles, task (CIBART) model.Research approach/design and method: Altogether 83 employees in 11 organisations in South Africa participated in qualitative interviews regarding their perceptions and experiences within their changing work contexts.Main findings: The findings indicate employees’ perceptions of EE in terms of conflict, identity, boundary, authority, roles and tasks of the CIBART model. The discourses highlight EE, race and gender within contemporary South Africa, and show a lack of drive to engage with the discourses of the 4IR on a global level.Practical/managerial implications: The findings show that employees and organisations in South Africa need to open up their internal discourses anchored in the country’s past to become key players in the 4IR; apartheid categories need to be overcome to develop context-specific visions and original ideas on how to create 4IR workspaces in the future.Contribution/value-add: This article emphasises the gap between national discourses and global trends in employees’ perceptions of EE and discusses transformational ideas from after apartheid to 4IR visions.
Detection of clinically relevant epidermal growth factor receptor pathway mutations in circulating cell-free tumor DNA using next generation sequencing in squamous cell carcinoma lung
Authors: Govind Kanakasetty Babu , Koppaka Deepak , Dasappa Lokanatha , Jacob Linu Abraham , Babu Suresh M.C. , Lokesh N. Kadabur , Haleshappa Rudresha Antapura , Rajeev L.K. , Saldanha Smitha Carol , Abhishek Anand , Asati Vikas , Chethan R. , Ramprasad Vedam Laxmi
Published: October 2019

Background: Limited repertoires of targets are available in the management of squamous cell carcinoma lung. In this study, we analyzed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), RAS, BRAF mutations in lung cancer patients of squamous cell histology using next-generation sequencing (NGS) on the circulating cell-free DNA (cf-DNA). Materials and Methods: In this prospective observational study, patients with squamous cell carcinoma lung, either newly diagnosed or having a progressive disease on prior therapy were eligible. Cf-DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and analyzed for EGFR, KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutations using NGS. Results: Sixteen patients were enrolled over a period of 1 month. The mean cf-DNA quantity extracted from the plasma was 96.5 ng (range, 15–200 ng). Eight clinically relevant mutations in the EGFR pathway were identified. These include Exon 21 mutations in 4 patients, Exon 20 mutation in onepatient, complex mutations with coexisting Exon 21 and Exon18 in one patient and KRAS Exon 2 mutations in two patients. Conclusion: cf-DNA is a minimally invasive technique for detection of clinically relevant mutations in lung cancer patients. The use of novel advanced techniques such as NGS may help in detecting EGFR pathway mutations in patients with squamous cell carcinoma lung.