bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pre-depulping and depulping treatments and the emergence of queen palm seeds (Syagrus romanzoffiana [Cham.] Glassman)
Authors: Nascimento Lucas Marquezan , Vendruscolo Eduardo Pradi , Campos Luiz Fernandes Cardoso , Garcia Lismaíra Gonçalves Caixeta , Pires Larissa Leandro , Seleguini Alexsander
Published: August 2020

The propagation of the palm Syagrus romanzoffiano is done sexually with seeds, making the process of obtaining new plants slow and difficult, especially on large scales. In addition, seed germination is slow, uneven and susceptible to degradation and loss of vigor because of embryo deterioration, even under laboratory conditions. As a result of the lack of information on efficient depulping methods for queen palm fruits, the present study aimed to establish a depulping methodology that is less aggressive to embryos, maintaining emergence quality. This experiment was carried out in Goiânia, Brazil, using fruits from eight stock plants submitted to three pre-depulping treatments (control, fermentation and drying) and two depulping methods (industrial depulping and concrete-mixer with the addition of gravel). After the different pre-sowing processes, the fresh and dry pyrenes mass, remaining fibers adhered to the pyrene and seedling emergence were evaluated. The pulper removed an average of 45% more pyrene pulp than the concrete mixer. However, these methodologies did not result in differences in the emergence of plants, which was affected only by the pre-depulping treatment, with superiority in the use of fresh fruits. Thus, the pulper was more efficient for the removal of pulp and pulp fibers than the concrete mixer. The depulping method did not significantly affect the pyrenes mass. Higher seedlings emergence values were observed for the fresh fruits that were pulped and sown immediately. Fermentation and partial pulp dehydration exert a negative influence on seedling emergence.
The phyllosphere microbiome and its potential application in horticultural crops. A review
Authors: Barrera Silvia E. , Sarango-Flóres Stalin-Wladimir , Montenegro-Gómez Sandra-Patricia
Published: August 2020

Microorganisms are essential for life on Earth. They are found in different environments and conditions, such as pH, temperature, pressure, and humidity, etc. In natural and agricultural ecosystems, nutrient cycling and plant protection are important roles played by microorganisms associated with plant species. However, the mechanisms to colonize those environments are not fully understood. This mini-review describes bacterial communities associated with the phyllosphere and an agricultural approach for potential applications. In the context of foodborne illnesses and losses in agricultural production, important issues have arisen because of pathogen attacks. On the other hand, the use of beneficial microorganisms in agriculture is an alternative for improving plant growth, health and production. In this sense, growth promoting bacteria and biocontrol agents isolated from the phyllosphere of several plant species have been less exploited than those from the soil or rhizosphere. However, the treatment of some plant diseases, reduction in pathogen incidence and nitrogen fixation in natural and agricultural systems are successful examples. In the context of food safety, a better understanding of how the indigenous phyllosphere microbiota enable plants to protect themselves against pathogens and to acquire nutrients is expected to prove its importance in the agricultural field. Microbial sources can be managed to reduce the use of chemical products and could be used as an alternative of agronomical applications for improving agroecosystem productivity.
Agroclimatic zoning: a planning strategy for agricultural and livestock systems in Alta Guajira, Colombia
Authors: Araujo-Carrillo Gustavo Alfonso , Martínez-Maldonado Fabio Ernesto , Deantonio-Florido Leidy Yibeth , Gómez-Latorre Douglas Andrés
Published: August 2020

One of the most important dry agroecosystems in Colombia is found in the northern Guajira region, which has native inhabitants (sociocultural aspect) and semiarid zones (ecological aspect). This condition has resulted in great vulnerability in agricultural production systems to adverse climatic events, which require large scale action. For example, the establishment of agroclimatic suitability zones are needed to access information, for decision-making. The aim of this study was to carry out agroclimatic zoning in the municipality of Uribia (La Guajira) for agricultural production systems and animal feed species. The criteria used to identify the agroclimatic suitability zones included: plant coverage present in the municipality, soil suitability, water storage under water stress, regular conditions found in the municipality, and an extreme water deficit event. The evaluated conditions showed variations in agroclimatic suitability during the periods January to April and August to November. During an extreme water-deficit event between August and November, the suitable area for the establishment of production systems with plant species (type C3 and C4) was smaller (77,000 ha) than in the period January to April (130,000 ha). The agroclimatic suitability categories in Uribia did not exhibit differences between the evaluated periods under average water-deficit conditions.
Growth and dry matter partitioning of potato influenced by paclobutrazol applied to seed tuber
Authors: Araújo Fernanda Ferreira de , Santos Mirelle Nayana De Sousa , Araújo Nícolas Oliveira de , Silva Tania Pires da , Costa Lucas Cavalcante , Finger Fernando Luiz
Published: August 2020

Under cultivation conditions that favor the growth of plant shoot, the adoption of management practices that reduce the size of potato plants can be an alternative to increase the yield of tubers. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of paclobutrazol on vegetative growth and dry matter partitioning of the potato plant cv. Markies cultivated under summer conditions in the state of Minas Gerais. Treatments were 0.1, 1.0, 10 and 100 mg L-1 of paclobutrazol (PBZ) applied to the sprouted seeds before planting and control with water. PBZ was efficient in reducing plant height. PBZ treatments at doses 10 and 100 mg L-1 delayed the emergence of shoots and the beginning of plant tuberization. PBZ at 0.1 mg L-1 reduced the lengh of the stem by 18%, but did not differ from the control in relation to fresh and dry mass content, total production, specific gravity and starch content of tubers. Treatment of seed potatoes with PBZ a 0.1 mg L-1 resulted in smaller, more compact plants, which could be suitable for more densely planted in order to maximize plant population and increase economic return per unit of area.
Partial molecular characterization of begomoviruses isolated from weeds collected in tomato crops in the southeast of Valle del Cauca, Colombia
Authors: Vaca-Vaca Juan Carlos , Jara-Tejada Frenyiline , López-López Karina
Published: August 2020

Weeds are usually considered as a source of new viruses but are often neglected during diversity studies. Previously eleven samples of weeds were collected along the edges of a tomato crop field located in four municipalities (Florida, Ginebra, Cerrito and Candelaria) in the Southeast of Valle del Cauca. These samples were positive for begomoviruses but their molecular characterization had not been done until now. For each sample, DNA fragments were cloned, sequenced and analyzed. Nucleotide sequence analysis of viral fragments showed the presence of six different begomoviruses: two virus isolated from Lantana camara, Desmodium sp. and Amaranthus dubius were previously described as potato yellow mosaic virus (PYMV) and passionfruit leaf distortion virus (PLDV), respectively; other four virus which were isolated from L. camara, A. dubius, Rivina humilis, Desmodium sp., Rhynchosia minima, Hybanthus attenuatus, Verbena sp., Croton hirtus and Caesalpinia sp., showed its highest nucleotide sequence identity (89%) with bean chlorotic mosaic virus (BChMV), datura leaf distortion virus (DaLDV) and rhynchosia golden mosaic Yucatan virus (RhGMYV). Cloned viruses fragments from these weeds could be new begomoviruses not previously reported before, this in accordance with the ICTV species demarcation criterion for the genus Begomovirus (≥91 % sequence identity). Mixed infections of begomoviruses in Desmodium sp. and A. dubius weeds also was found in this analysis. Finally, this paper reports by the first time to three alternative begomoviruses weeds hosts that infect tomato and passion fruit crops: A. dubius for PYMV, and L. camara and Desmodium sp. for PLDV, respectively.
Quality of fruits of pitaya (Hylocereus undatus [Haworth] Britton & Rose) according to physiological maturity. A review
Authors: Ortiz Thiago Alberto , Takahashi Lúcia Sadayo Assari
Published: August 2020

The fruit of pitaya has occupied a growing niche in the fruit market, since its organoleptic characteristics and rusticity have attracted the attention of consumers and producers, respectively. The organoleptic and nutritional quality of fruits are due to maturity stage. Therefore, determining the period in which the fruits reach the physiological maturity is important, since it aids the planning of the harvest and the quality control of fruits. In this sense, the aim of this review is establish the ideal period for harvesting their fruits of pitaya (Hylocereus undatus), by determining of the physiological maturity point. For this species, the number of days from anthesis to the full development of the fruit has shown to be the most reliable variable to determine the moment of harvest. From this designation, it is possible to indicate the stage (physiological maturity) in which the fruits present characteristics favorable to the species, for example, color, soluble solids content, ratio, and others. It is known that the place of production and the edaphoclimatic conditions are able to interfere and cause variation in the period in which the fruits reach the physiological maturity. Some studies in Mexico confirmed that the physiological maturation of pitaya fruits occurred between 25 and 31 days after anthesis (DAA). Other researches, including in Brazil, confirmed that this point occurred from 28 to 32 DAA. Thus, from the scientific studies carried out and published in the literature, to avoid losing their commercial value of fruits, it is recommended to harvest this fruits of pitaya between 25 and 32 DAA.
RESULTS OF A PETROGRAPHIC STUDY OF THE BRONZE AGE CASTING MOLDS FINDS
Authors: Nikitenko I. , Starik O. , Kutsevol M.
Published: August 2020

The present article is devoted to the mineralogical and petrographic research of raw materials of the collection of casting molds of the Bronze Age, found by the expedition of Dnipropetrovsk National Historical Museum named after D.I. Yavornytskyi during the excavations of the archaeological monument of Tokivske-1, located near the village Tokivske of Apostolove Rayon, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast. The finding of casting molds is of great importance, since it can be the evidence of bronze foundry production existence in the territory of the monument, which until now was regarded only as a megalithic place of worship. Provenance determination of the raw materials of casting molds can help to identify the role of Tokivske-1 in the system of metalworking cells of the Sabatynivska culture time (XVI–XIII centuries BC) and to establish its links with the ancient centers of mining of stone raw materials. According to previous petrographic studies, it is known that stone molds were made mainly of talc-chlorite-tremolite schists, since this material was easily processed and could withstand more castings than clay molds. Because of this, stone casting molds were highly valued, as well as bronze wares and ingots, and were transported over long distances. The purpose of the study was to establish links between the archaeological monument of Tokivske-1 and known mining and metallurgical centers of the Bronze Age, on the basis of mineralogical and petrographic research of raw materials of casting molds. As a result of the study of samples in thin sections and by X-ray diffraction analysis, it was established that the stone molds were mainly made of tremolite-chlorite-anthophyllite meta-ultrabazites. The determination of the origin of the rocks from which the casting molds were made was carried out by comparing their mineralogical and petrographic features with the features of similar rocks that form natural outcrops, as described in geological survey reports and literary data, and as observed by us in rock samples from natural outcrops in the Middle Dnipro and the Azov Sea areas. It was ascertained that the rocks from which all the casting molds of the collection were made do not form natural outcrops in the Middle Dnipro area and are not characteristic of the Kryvyi Rih area, which is considered to be the main center of raw materials extraction for the stone foundry forms of the Late Bronze Age on the territory of Ukraine. It was established that such rocks are more characteristic of the Western Azov Sea area, but one can not exclude another source of raw materials of the mold collection, in particular the Southern Urals, where bronze metallurgy was significantly developed and similar stone matrices were used. The obtained results suggest revision of established ideas on sources of supply of stone raw materials during the late Bronze Age.
POSFUST RELIABILITY OF A NON-REPAIRABLE MULTI-STATE SYSTEM WITH POSFUST FAILURE RATE ESTIMATION
Authors: Yadav Harendra , Sharma Mukesh Kumar , Mishra Vishnu Narayan
Published: August 2020

Present research paper attempts to estimate the posfust reliability of a non-repairable multi-state system (NRMSS). Failure rate estimation is key factor in the reliability estimation. But due to uncertainty in the environment and probabilistic measure, the absolute measurement of the failure rate is quite tedious. In this research paper, we have introduced a new measure for failure rate estimation using possibilistic measure based on fuzzy logic. In this work for the effective measurements of reliability, we have tried to cover the uncertainty in the failure rate at every state failure level. In this research paper, we have taken a non-repairable three state system and failure rate transition of every state is taken in the form of upper and lower bound in possibilistic measure.  In this approach, Markov process (multi-state system) is used for getting the governing differential equation for transition from one state to another state. Numerical computations are also being carried out to estimate the posfust reliability.
O que o direito constitucional à saúde tem a dizer sobre a cobertura universal?
Authors: Delduque Maria Celia , De Barros Fernando Cupertino , Oliveira Alethele S , Alves Sandra Mara , Filho Moacyr Rey
Published: August 2020

O presente ensaio crítico tem com o advento o questionamento da compatibilidade das diretrizes da Organização Mundial da Saúde no que se refere à Cobertura Universalà luz da Constituição Federal de 1988 do Brasil, em especial o capítulo da Ordem Social em que é consignado a saúde como direito de todos e proclama a criação do Sistema Único de Saúde, concluindo-se que o conceito desenvolvido pela OMS não guarda simetria com o estipulado na Carta Política.
O papel do farmacêutico em sistemas públicos e universais de saúde: um panorama comparado do Brasil, Canadá e Portugal
Authors: Conill Eleonor Minho , Damasceno Mônica Alves
Published: August 2020

Apesar do reconhecimento da importância da assistência farmacêutica, há dificuldades na integração deste profissional ao sistema de saúde e na atenção primária (APS). O estudo faz uma síntese das normas referentes à assistência farmacêutica no Brasil, com ênfase na inserção do farmacêutico na APS. Estes elementos são comparados com os modelos adotados no Canadá e Portugal, países que possuem sistemas públicos universais orientados por essa política. Foi realizada revisão bibliográfica com as seguintes palavras-chave: “Assistência Farmacêutica”, “Atenção Farmacêutica”, “Política Nacional de Assistência Farmacêutica” e “Atenção Primária à Saúde” através do Pubmed, Google Acadêmico, sites governamentais, Conselhos profissionais e organismos que constituem fontes para comparações internacionais. O Brasil é o país com o sistema mais generoso do ponto de vista de oferta de medicamentos, além de apresentar grande número de normas que regulam a assistência farmacêutica. Outra singularidade se refere à presença do farmacêutico nas Unidades prestadoras de atenção básica. Com relação ao Canadá observa-se a existência de uma lista limitada de medicamentos autorizados por cada Província e uma proposta de seguro para medicamentos – o Pharmacare. Em Portugal, o governo adota uma lista também limitada para reembolso de medicamentos, que devem ser prescritos pelo nome genérico. Além disso, há um movimento dos farmacêuticos para integração das farmácias ao sistema. Conclui-se mostrando a centralidade dessa discussão para o dilema de ampliar o acesso a medicamentos sem favorecer um consumo desfavorável à saúde e a sustentabilidade dos sistemas.
Responsabilidade da população, objectivo da cooperação na região da saúde da Região de Lausanne (Suíça)? um estudo de caso.
Authors: Anhorn Philippe
Published: August 2020

A Rede Regional de Saúde de Lausanne (RSRL) é a maior (em termos de população) das quatro redes de saúde que cobrem o território do Distrito de Vaud, na Suíça. As qualidades destas redes (projectos inovadores, contribuição para a fluidez do sistema de saúde, etc.) foram frequentemente elogiadas. Contudo, desde a sua criação, no final da década de 1990, a sua eficiência tem sido difícil de demonstrar. Para tal, os seus membros - prestadores de cuidados hospitalares e ambulatórios - deveriam ter aumentado significativamente o seu nível de cooperação, por exemplo, através da partilha de um número crescente de actividades e projectos, reunindo simultaneamente os recursos necessários para a sua execução. Após o fracasso, em 2012, da introdução do managedcare sob o controle das seguradoras no âmbito federal e, em 2017, de um projeto de lei para criar quatro entidades regionais de saúde comunitária sob o controle do Estado com responsabilidade populacional, abre-se uma janela de oportunidade para que os profissionais de saúde agrupados dentro das redes decidam por si mesmos, ou seja, numa abordagem bottomup, intensificar gradualmente a sua cooperação em torno de projectos inovadores e significativos, até seepossivel reivindicar esta responsabilidade colectiva, pelo menos para a parte da população mais afectada pelos seus serviços: os idosos e as pessoas em perda de autonomia. O Projecto de Cuidados Anticipados (PCA), que se encontra numa fase piloto no âmbito da RSRL com a participação de outras redes e autoridades distritais, poderá ser um primeiro passo nesta direcção.
Questões atuais sobre direito constitucional à saúde
Authors: Cerioni Marta
Published: August 2020

O ensaio lida com questões atuais na lei constitucional de saúde. Após uma visão reconstrutiva da estrutura da lei, a contribuição trata da dimensão subjetiva, considerando quem tem direito a benefícios em um momento histórico em que o Estado italiano se tornou uma nação de intensa imigração. A segunda questão trata do perfil da saúde coletiva, a saber, a reintrodução da obrigação de vacinação, enquanto a terceira trata da dificuldade de financiar todas as atividades do serviço público de saúde com recursos públicos. O debate jurídico que está ocorrendo na Itália, com base nas indicações de especialistas em direito e na jurisprudência do Tribunal Constitucional, é muito útil para todos os países de língua românica porque os princípios jurídicos que resultam dele também podem ser usado em outros países da América Latina e da Europa Latina.
APROXIMAÇÃO ÀS CONDIÇÕES DE SAÚDE BUCAL DE CATADORES DE MATERIAIS RECICLÁVEIS COOPERADOS EM ARACAJU/SE
Authors: Nunes Filipe de Souza , Portillo Jorge Alberto Cordón , De Souza Tiago Araújo Coelho , De Souza Lívia Maria Almeida Coelho
Published: August 2020

Evidencia-se que na área de saúde bucal a pobreza e a exclusão sócio sanitária tem uma das suas mais evidentes manifestações, tendo em vista que pessoas pobres, que possuem baixa escolaridade e uma menor inserção no mercado de trabalho trazem consigo marcas dentárias que são reflexo de uma realidade objetiva e uma outra subjetiva. Assim foi realizada uma descrição e analise das condições de saúde bucal dos trabalhadores cooperados evidenciando os acometimentos mais prevalentes e a opinião sobre tal situação por parte dos cooperados. A avaliação foi feita por meio de uma ficha de identificação com nome, idade, sexo, em seguida os participantes responderam um questionário que trazia perguntas relacionadas ao cotidiano dos mesmos, envolvendo temas relativos à sua rotina de trabalho, saúde geral e saúde odontológica. Pode ser observado que a maior preocupação dos trabalhadores é estar apto ao trabalho, devido à necessidade de manter o seu sustento, sendo que quadros variáveis de sintomatologia dolorosa são suportados, até o limite que se possa continuar a labuta diária. É fato evidente, que o presente estudo feito na cooperativa, observando uma fração da rotina desses trabalhadores, dentro da sua realidade e segundo o seus relatos não deve encerrar-se em si devendo, por sua vez, provocar um novo olhar, com uma característica mais analítica e com uma sensibilidade a sua realidade para que os catadores de materiais recicláveis não vivam com o descaso, tendo em vista a rotina penosa que tem de enfrentar todos os dias.
Multiplicando Saberes: Ampliando os Cuidados em Saúde Bucal. Relato de Experiência de um Projeto de Extensão Universitária
Authors: Nunes Filipe de Souza , Dos Santos Vanessa Viana , Martins Filho Paulo Ricardo Saquete
Published: August 2020

A extensão universitária é uma atividade que engrandece a vivência acadêmica, implementando melhorias na qualidade de saúde bucal da comunidade. Esse escopo teve como objetivo mostrar o desenvolvimento de práticas educativas e promoção de saúde no projeto de Extensão Multiplicando Saberes o qual é vinculado ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia (PRODONTO) da UFS. A ação de extensão envolveu atividades educativas voltadas à cidadania e promoção de saúde bucal, com orientação e avaliação odontológica a crianças e adolescentes com deficiência e seus cuidadores, professores e orientadores educacionais. Participaram 162 crianças e adolescentes com deficiência das quais 22 com paralisia cerebral, 36 com transtorno do espectro autista, 13 com síndrome de Down e 91 com retardo mental. Dos 44 cuidadores participantes, 92% eram mulheres. A faixa etária da maioria foi de 30 a 40 anos (54.5%), casados (38.6%),tendo 2 a 3 filhos (63.6%),e ensino médio completo (72.7%) e são cuidadores integrais 79.5%. Cerca de 68.2% não possuem renda formal. Dos 4 educadores participantes, 3 são do gênero feminino e apresentam ensino médio completo. Foi possível observar a materialização de noções básicas de saúde, o autocuidado e a capacitação de cuidadores, elevados à condição de agentes ativos e multiplicadores das ações de promoção de saúde em nível individual e coletivo.
Saúde bucal e índice de desenvolvimento humano, Bahia, 2001-2014
Authors: Santos Arine Sales dos , Barros Sandra Garrido , Cruz Denise Nogueira , Cangussu Maria Cristina Teixeira
Published: August 2020

Estudo ecológico de série histórica que avaliou indicadores de saúde bucal em relação a cobertura da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), o porte populacional e Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDH-M), entre 2001-2014, nos municípios da Bahia. As informações foram obtidas nas bases de dados do DATASUS e IBGE. Inicialmente, procedeu-se a compatibilização das informações das diferentes bases de dados e cálculo dos indicadores. A análise foi realizada através do Minitab 17, utilizando-se o teste de Pearson para correlação com um nível de significância de 5%. Observou-se consistência no registro de informações ambulatoriais e aumento das coberturas da ESF e de Equipes de Saúde Bucal (ESB), não proporcional à cobertura de 1ª consulta odontológica, que apresentou crescimento menor até 2012, seguido de declínio. A média de escovação supervisionada apresentou grande variação. Entre 2001 e 2007, a média de procedimentos básicos apresentou crescimento, enquanto as ações especializadas, apesar do aumento até 2005, caíram em 2006 e 2007. A análise de correlação evidenciou associação positiva entre porte populacional e coberturas da ESF e de ESB (menor porte populacional, maior cobertura), assim como entre IDH-M e estes indicadores (menor IDH-M, maior cobertura). Na Bahia, a implantação da ESF e das ESB tem representado um grande desafio para os municípios de grande porte populacional e melhor IDH.
Editorial
Authors: Coelho de Souza Tiago Araújo
Published: August 2020

O presente número temático da Revista Tempus Actas de Saúde Coletiva evidencia aevolução da Saúde Bucal Brasileira, quer seja pública ou privada, como sendo o reflexo do processo de mudanças que ocorreram em nossa sociedade.

Os artigos selecionados...
A EQUIPE DE SAÚDE BUCAL E AS PRÁTICAS DE VIGILÂNCIA EM SAÚDE NO TERRITÓRIO
Authors: Gomes Júlya Karolina , Albuquerque Ana Lúcia Guerra de Aquino , Souto Inês Patrícia Guedes , Melo Márcia Maria Dantas Cabral
Published: August 2020

Objetivou-se analisar as práticas de vigilância em saúde de equipes de saúde bucal (eSB) da Estratégia Saúde da Família do município de Jaboatão dos Guararapes/PE. Estudo descritivo com amostra representada pelos dentistas (31) das eSB de três regionais de saúde. Para coleta de dados, realizou-se validação do instrumento com as entrevistas aplicadas face a face. As análises foram descritivas. Participaram 27 dentistas. Observou-se práticas de vigilância das eSB no território, contudo menos da metade possui vínculos fortes(famílias, 48,1%; organizações comunitárias, 18,5%). Realizam às vezes levantamentos epidemiológicos (51,9%) com prioridade para cárie (51,9%). As ações promocionais/educativas de abordagem comunitária (74,1%) são realizadas com metodologias conservadoras (71,7%) prevalecendo o grupo alvo escolar (74,2%). Mas existe atuação integrada com demais membros da equipe para planejamento, ações educativas, busca ativa e visitas domiciliares. Conclui-se que as práticas de vigilância em saúde bucal no território ainda são restritas, mas com esforços de ampliação e atuação interprofissional como requerido.
RELAÇÃO ENTRE TEORES DE FLÚOR AFERIDOS EM MUNICÍPIOS MAIORES DE 50.000 HABITANTES NA 4ª MACRORREGIÃO DE SAÚDE DE PERNAMBUCO PELA COMPESA E PELO VIGIFLÚOR
Authors: Fernandes Grasiele Fretta , Martelli Petrônio José de Lima , Marques Mariana Pereira
Published: August 2020

A fluoretação das águas é uma medida efetiva para reduzir a cárie dentária, e o uso do flúor no abastecimento público é considerado o principal fator para a obtenção de redução na prevalência da doença. Apesar de a fluoretação das águas ser obrigatória no Brasil desde 1974, várias cidades brasileiras não fluoretam suas águas, como é o caso dos municípios do estado de Pernambuco. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar teores de flúor nas águas de abastecimento público da 4ª macrorregião de saúde de Pernambuco, em municípios maiores de 50.000 habitantes.Trata-se de uma pesquisa de estudo analítico transversal a partir da comparação obtida pelos dados secundários disponibilizados pela COMPESA,pelos dados primários do projeto VIGIFLÚOR, Sistema de Informação de Vigilância da Qualidade da Água para consumo humano(SISÁGUA), dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e do Sistema Nacional de Informação sobre Saneamento (SNIS). Foi observado a presença de flúor natural em teores significativos nos mananciais, porém essa concentração não chega na ponta da rede de abastecimento pública. Este estudo reforça a necessidade de que a água de abastecimento dos municípios Salgueiro, Petrolina, Araripina e Ouricuri sejam fluoretados artificialmente e o seu controle de vigilância seja realizado através de programas de heterocontrole, para atingir seu benefício máximo para proteção da cárie e evitar o risco de causar fluorose.
Cuidados Pre y Post-natales - Conferencia dictada en el curso de obstetricia para post-graduados en la Universidad de América, Bogotá. 1956
Authors: López Escobar G.
Published: August 2020

Los cuidados prenatales han dado lugar desde muy tempranas épocas a un sin número de consejas y consejos y en una u otra forma es posible encontrarlos en la Historia Antigua y en la historia de los pueblos primitivos. Sucrata aconsejaba a las mujeres hindúes que desde el primer día del embarazo debían usar vestidos brillantes, no hacer demasiado ejercicio y cubrir sus lechos de cobertores blancos.
Cervicitis
Authors: Camero Rodulfo , Espinosa Alvaro , Gómez Alberto
Published: August 2020

La Sociedad de Ginecología y Obstetricia de Venezuela. Sección del Estado Zulia, proyecta para los primeros días del año venidero, las SEGUNDAS JORNADAS VENEZOLANAS DE OBSTETRICIA Y GINECOLOGIA.Entre los temas del programa figura el de CERVICITIS y los Directores han solicitado el aporte colombiano a este estudio. Con este motivo, la Junta Directiva de nuestra Sociedad organizó una mesa redonda y comisionó para dirigirla a los doctores Alvaro Espinosa, Alberto Gómez y Rodulfo Camero.
La citología vaginal y la citología del sedimento uterino en el embarazo
Authors: Alvarez Bravo Alfonso , González Ramos Mario , Gutiérrez Muriilo Enrique , Dosal Manuel
Published: August 2020

A partir del descubrimiento del ciclo estral vaginal de los roedores debido a Stockard y Papanicolau (37) y de la descripción del ciclo vaginal humano hecha por Elíseo Ramírez en 1922 (29) y en 1928 (30), se perfiló un método de grandes alcances: la colpocitología, que quedó francamente establecido gracias a los estudios de Papanicolau y Papanicolau y Traut publicados en 1925 (23), 1933 (24) y 1943 (25).
Una grave complicación de embarazo molar embrionario
Authors: Gómez Palacino J. A. , Saavedra Leopoldo
Published: August 2020

A. M., de veintiún años.Natural de Manta. O- D.Reside en Bogotá hace 4 años.Sin antecedentes familiares o personales importantes.Menarquia a los 15 años. Ciclo: 30 x 3, normal.Antecedentes obstétricos: un parto a término, espontáneo, con feto vivo, hace 4 años.Fecha de ingreso: julio 9 de 1956.Motivo de consulta: dolor en bajo vientre y vómito.Cuenta que hace 8 días “expulsó un par de niños como de 3y2 meses”. Dejó de sangrar y como se renovara luego la hemorragia acompañada de dolor, fue donde un médico quien le aconsejó la hospitalización.
Reacción de Galli Mainini - Consideraciones generales
Authors: M. Gilberto Angel
Published: August 2020

Desde el año de 1922 Houssay y su escuela aportaron los conocimientos básicos sobre la anatomía, histología y fisiología de diversos batracios, especialmente del Bufo Arenarum Hensel y sus íntimas relaciones, entre la función testicular y las gonadotrofinas. El estudio del testículo y sus relaciones con la hipófisis fueron publicadas por Houssay y Lascano González en el año de 1929, y numerosos trabajos publicados en los 18 años posteriores demostraron la acción directa que poseen las gonadotrofinas coriónica y sérica sobre la liberación de los espermatozoides del Bufo Arenarum Hensel.
Progresos de la terapéutica hormonal en Gineco-obstetricia
Authors: Alvarez Bravo Alfonso
Published: August 2020

Si meditamos en los progresos alcanzados en los últimos diez años por la terapéutica hormonal en gineco-obstetricia, habremos de aceptar que han sido muy importantes. La endocrinología en su aplicación a esta rama de la medicina ha seguido una evolución extraordinaria en este siglo, que se ha mantenido vigorosa y fructífera en los últimos años. En concreto, en lo que hace a la aplicación terapéutica de las hormonas y sus similares sintéticos, tanto para la corrección de los trastornos propiamente endocrinos como para el tratamiento de procesos independientes que responden a diversas acciones hormonales, la última década ha sido particularmente fecunda.
Acortamiento del primer período del parto con el uso de "Dilatenca"
Authors: Burgos Rivera Alfredo
Published: August 2020

El objeto del presente estudio fue acortar tiempo del trabajo del parto, evitar a la parturienta un largo sufrimiento y disminuir el traumatismo sobre el feto.Todos sabemos, que si se abrevia el primer período, se hace un gran beneficio a la madre, siempre y cuando que con los medios para lograrlo no sobrevengan consecuencias indeseables, tanto para ella como para su hijo.
Un embarazo complicado con parálisis de origen medular
Authors: Gómez Palacino Jesús Alberto
Published: August 2020

N. N., de veinticinco años. Ingresa al Instituto Materno Infantil el 2 de mayo de 1957. Tercigestante con dos partos espontáneos a término sin complicaciones e hijos sanos. Ignora la fecha de la última menstruación.El embarazo transcurrió sin mayores molestias hasta hace cuatro días, cuando experimentó un dolor súbito en la región dorsal y cuatro horas después presentaba una parálisis completa de miembros inferiores con paresia de los superiores y pérdida completa de la sensibilidad de la región mamaria hacia abajo.
Un caso de incarceración uterina
Authors: Ramírez Sánchez Jaime
Published: August 2020

Historia número 43.176. El día 14 de julio de 1957, ingresa al Instituto una enferma cuya historia clínica a la letra dice:“Ingresa la paciente que es una tercigestante de unos tres meses de embarazo, por sintomatología de retención urinaria. Se efectúa como primera medida cateterismo vesical y sale algo más de un litro de orina retenida. A la palpación abdominal se encuentra: matriz aumentada de tamaño como para dos meses de embarazo. T. V.: genitales externos, normales. Vagina: rectocele. Cuello: completamente anterior, contra el pubis, largo, blando y cerrado. Se encuentra el fondo de saco posterior ocupado por lo que parece ser el cuerpo de la matriz y al lado derecho una masa blanda, renitente.
Sección de información - Centro de documentación científica y técnica de Mexico
Authors: De Obstetricia y Ginecología Federación Colombiana
Published: August 2020

Plaza de la Ciudadela 6. México 1, D. F.(Creado por el Gobierno Mexicano y la Unesco, por acuerdo ciel 9-XI-50, para promover, por medio de la documentación, el adelanto de la ciencia, la técnica y la industria en los países de la América latina).
NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN DALAM SENI KALIGRAFI KARYA MAHASISWA JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN GURU MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH IAIN PONOROGO
Authors: Negara Tirta Dimas Wahyu , Yunita Ratna
Published: August 2020

Setiap karya seni pada umumnya memiliki nilai khusus yang terkandung disetiap ide penciptaannya, bisa berupa nilai keindahan, nilai pendidikan, teknik pembuatan dan lain sebagainya. Kaligrafi islam merupakan salah satu media da’wah yang memiliki nilai pendidikan. Oleh karena itu artikel ini ingin mengulas hasil karya kaligrafi mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ponorogo dalam mata kuliah Pembelajaran Seni dan Budaya di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. Penulisan ini adalah kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Penulis mengolah data dimulai dengan studi pustaka, merumuskan tema, membuat kata kunci dan merumuskan hasil analisis kedalam bentuk deskriptif. Kesimpulan hasil observasi menunjukkan bahwa karya kaligrafi mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ponorogo bertemakan lafadz Asmaul Husna dan Ayat-ayat suci Al-Qur’an memiliki nilai-nilai pendidikan yang terkandung didalamnya. Hal ini bisa dilihat dari pemilihan lafadz, arti lafadz, pemilihan khat, pemilihan warna dan teknik pewarnaan yang digunakan. In general, each work of art has an exceptional value contained in each of its evaluation ideas. It can be beauty value, educational value, manufacturing techniques and so forth. Islamic calligraphy is one of the missionary endeavour media that has educational value. Therefore, this article would like to review the calligraphy works of students of the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education department State Islamic Institute of Ponorogo in the Arts and Culture Learning at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah course. This study is descriptive qualitative. It is started with reviewing the literature, formulating the theme, creating keywords and formulating analysis results in descriptive forms. The conclusion of observations on the calligraphy works of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education department State Islamic Institute of Ponorogo students with the theme of Asmaul Husna and the holy verses of the Qur'an has educational values contained therein. This can be seen from the word selection, word meaning, line selection, colour selection, and colouring techniques used.
Efektivitas Perasan Daun Kemangi (Ocimum basilicum) dibanding Larutan Pembersih Gigi Tiruan Effervescent sebagai Pembersih Gigi Tiruan Resin Akrilik terhadap Pertumbuhan Candida albicans
Authors: Sari Sherlika Puspita , Gunadi Achmad , Kristiana Dewi
Published: August 2020

The heat cured acrylic resin is common used as denture base material, but its microporosity can affect the cleanliness of the denture base lead to accumulation of plaque and food waste, and further increase the number of Candida albicans and cause denture stomatitis. There are 2 type of cleaning agents; natural cleaning agents, such as basil and chemical cleaning agents, for example effervescent artificial cleaning tablets. This study compared the effectiveness of basil leaves squeeze and effervescent denture cleaning solutions in soaking heat cured acrylic resin plates on the growth of C. albicans. There were 24 of 10x10x1 mm acrylic resin plates divided into 6 treatment groups. The acrylic resin plate was soaked in the basil leaves squeeze and effervescent denture cleaning solutions. Measurement of C. albicans absorbance used a spectrophotometer, then calculated the total of C. albicans using the formula. Data was analyzed using the One Way ANOVA test. The analysis showed that there are significant differences on the growth inhibition of C. albicans between treatment groups (p <0.005). The effervescent denture cleansing solution has a better antifungal effectiveness than the basil leaves
ANTI HEPATITIS C ACTIVITY AND TOXICITY OF Scoparia dulcis LINN. HERB
Authors: Widyawaruyanti Aty , Permanasari Adita Ayu , Hidayatus Laila Nur , Tumewu Lidya , Wahyuni Tutik Sri , Hafid Achmad Fuad
Published: August 2020

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is a serious public health problem since HCV is the ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus that  easy to mutate. The HCV standard treatment  has rapidly developed but the possibility of resistance and effectiveness of treatment needs to be considered. The medicinal plants are a source of various compounds that may potentially cure diseases including infectious diseases. Since a long years ago, medicinal plants were famous as an inherited treatment that believed to cure the disease. One of the medicinal plants is Scoparia dulcis (S. dulcis) that belongs to Scrophulariaceae family and traditionally used as remedies for digestive problems, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, bronchitis, and as an analgesic & antipyretic agent. The previous report showed that S. dulcis was known active as an antiviral against Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) type 1 in vitro and in vivo. The aim of the study is to determine the biactivity potential of S. dulcis against HCV. Scoparia dulcis was extracted using 80% ethanol (EE) then further separated by liquid-liquid fractionation using dichloromethane (DCMF), ethyl acetate (EAF), butanol solvent (BF) and water (WF). The in vitro anti-HCV analysis was performed with Huh7it cells and HCV JFH1 (genotype 2a) by determining inhibition concentration 50 (IC50). The toxicity (Cytotoxicity Concentration 50, CC50) test was performed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and mechanism of action were analyzed using time addition experiment.   Phytochemical groups as the suspected active compounds of S. dulcis were identified by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and observed under UV 254 nm, UV 365 nm, before and after sprayed using H2SO4 10% and heated at 105oC for 5 minutes. The IC50 test result of 80% EE and DCMF showed anti-HCV activity with a value of 12.7±4.8 µg/ml and 5.8±0.69 µg/ml, while EAF, BF, and AF respectively resulted in IC50 value of  >100 µg/ml that suggested there was no inhibition effect on HCV JFH1.  The DCMF was the most active fraction but toxic to the cell with CC50 value >23 µg/ml and selectivity index (SI) >3.9. According to the time addition experiment data, DCMF of S. dulcis inhibited post entry step HCV JFH1 infection that it means the possibility was to inhibit virus replication and or virion release. Scoparia dulcis contain chlorophyll, flavonoids and terpenoids as the suspected active compounds for inhibition of HCV JFH1 infecton. Futher study of post-entry inhibitions of HCV infection was needed.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEVEL OF SERUM ADIPONECTIN AND FRAILTY IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
Authors: Marfiani Erika , Ichwani Jusri , Widajanti Novira , Maranatha Daniel , Amin Muhammad
Published: August 2020

Elderly are especially prone to the adverse health effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is a typical aging disease which is found to be about 12% in the age group more than 64 years old. Frailty is an important geriatics syndrome, while adiponectin is an important adipokine that regulate homeostasis of energy. Adiponectin is affected by age, especially in males. Adiponectin levels increases as subcutaneous fat cells in older men decreases. Increased adiponectin can lead to muscle wasting which will further reduce body weight and body mass index (BMI), which indirectly also increases the degree of frailty. Until now the relationship between adiponectin with frailty degree in advanced COPD is still unknown.The aims of this study was to investigate the relationship between plasma adiponectin level and frailty in COPD elders. This was an observational analytic cross-sectional study. All anthropometric parameters, including weight, height, and body mass index (BMI), were measured. Adiponectin was measured by ELISA methods obtained from venous blood samples. Aged more than or equal to 60 years old, the patients underwent spirometry to determine the degree of airflow limitation and the degree of frailty defined by the Fried criteria. Statistic analysis used Rank Spearman. Thirty-eight male COPD patients became the subject of the study. The average age was 70-74 years, with a total of 13 robust, 12 prefrails and 13 frail patients. Level of adiponectin (mean and SD) in robust, prefrail, and frail were 6.84+ 2.66 , 6.58 + 4.27, and 11.62 + 4.90 respectively, p=0.015. Further analysis showed that level of adiponectin rose progresively with an increasing number of components of frailty. The degree of obstruction mostly with mild (42.1%), and no subjects with very severe. There were an increase in serum adiponectin levels in all subjects. In conclusion, level of adiponectin serum correlates positively with the degree of frailty.
Effets du rationnement alimentaire chez le coq de type chair. Interactions avec la durée quotidienne d’éclairement
Authors: de REVIERS M.
Published: August 2020

La tendance des coqs reproducteurs de type chair à prendre trop de poids à l’âge adulte doit être corrigée par le rationnement de l’aliment pour qu’ils puissent exprimer leur potentiel de reproduction et le faire dans des conditions économiques. Appliqué pendant la seule période adulte, ce rationnement ne permet que difficilement de corriger les effets d’un régime trop libéral pendant la croissance car il peut provoquer une diminution rapide et importante de la production des spermatozoïdes. Le rationnement utilisé pendant la seule période de croissance peut induire un très important retard de maturité sexuelle. Il n’empêche pas la récupération rapide d’une forte production de spermatozoïdes après retour à une alimentation libérale. Mais celle-ci conduit les coqs à surconsommer et à récupérer un poids vif très élevé. Il faut donc les rationner leur vie durant, ce qui est possible même dans le cas de la reproduction naturelle, grâce à l’alimentation séparée des mâles et des femelles. L’utilisation de jours croissants pendant la période 16-22 semaines d’âge permet de limiter le retard de maturité sexuelle et synchronise le démarrage de la production spermatique. Mais le maintien ultérieur des coqs en jours longs induit un déclin rapide et important de cette production. Ce déclin ne se produit pas, ou a lieu plus lentement, si les coqs rationnés sont maintenus toute leur vie en jours courts. Leur production de spermatozoïdes est alors tardive, mais se maintient à un niveau élevé s’ils sont rationnés dès le très jeune âge ; elle est plus précoce, mais reste à un niveau moins important, si le rationnement n’a lieu qu’à partir de 6 semaines d’âge. Ces résultats sont particulièrement intéressants en vue de l’insémination artificielle car ils peuvent permettre de limiter à 1 % la proportion des coqs d’un troupeau reproducteur et par conséquent de n’utiliser que ceux les plus aptes à transmettre à leur descendance vitesse de croissance et bonne conformation.
Typologie d’exploitations construite par agrégation autour de pôles définis à dires d’experts. Proposition méthodologique et premiers résultats obtenus en Haute-Marne
Authors: PERROT C.
Published: August 2020

La typologie d’exploitations agricoles est, pour les organismes départementaux de développement agricole, un investissement qui tient une place centrale dans l’organisation du conseil individuel aux agriculteurs. La typologie constitue un modèle de la diversité des exploitations qui permet d’orienter la recherche de références technico-économiques en s’appuyant sur l’étude de la complexité du fonctionnement des systèmes de production, puis de bâtir un dispositif pertinent pour comparer les performances des exploitations au référentiel ainsi structuré, afin de faciliter la formulation d’un diagnostic et d’un conseil adapté. La méthode typologique présentée dans cet article a été mise au point et testée dans le département de la Haute-Marne. Elle est basée sur la mobilisation des connaissances des experts de terrain. Ces connaissances sont recueillies au cours d’entretiens semi-directifs individuels, puis formalisées en pôles d’agrégation qui résument, à l’aide de quelques indicateurs discriminants, les caractéristiques essentielles des différents groupes d’exploitations identifiés par les experts. Cette formalisation est réalisée de manière itérative et interactive avec ceux-ci jusqu’à l’établissement d’un consensus sur la définition des pôles d’agrégation. Une clé typologique, étalonnée avec les experts sur des fichiers-tests, calcule un coefficient de ressemblance entre une exploitation à classer et chacun des pôles. L’exploitation est ensuite rattachée au pôle auquel elle ressemble le plus. L’ensemble des exploitations agrégées autour d’un pôle constitue un type. La procédure de classement se déroule donc de façon maîtrisée, transparente et explicite aux yeux des utilisateurs grâce à l’évaluation quantitative, donc nuancée, de la ressemblance entre exploitations et pôles, sur la base de quelques indicateurs familiers pour les experts. Chaque pôle peut être défini à l’aide d’indicateurs spécifiques, indépendamment des autres pôles, ce qui confère à la typologie la capacité à évoluer avec les systèmes de production : on pourra en effet modifier la définition d’un pôle pour un type qui évolue, ou créer de nouveaux pôles. Cette dernière propriété est particulièrement importante lorsque l’on considère la typologie non pas comme une image instantanée de la diversité des exploitations, mais comme un outil méthodologique pérenne au service du conseil individuel aux agriculteurs.