bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Index Developing and Modelling the Factors of Academic Procrastination among University Students
Authors: Amran Ahmad Shahrizal Bin , Zulkifli Malina Binti
Published: August 2020

Procrastination is a very common and becomes a problem among students nowadays. Procrastination will give the negative effect on the learning style of students, resulting in their low achievements in performing tasks and examination of maybe it will cause failure in the examinations, resulting in anxiety and also depression next lowering in their morale. This study aims to develop an index of procrastination and to model the factors of procrastination among university students. The factors that have been considered in this study are self-esteem, lack of motivation, overconfidence and social problems. The sample of 203 students of year 1 and year 3 had been selected using the stratified sampling. In developing the index, the weightage is very important. The index developed has been categorized into 4 categories, Low Academic Procrastination (0.24 and below), Average Academic Procrastination (0.25 to 0.50), Above Average Academic Procrastination (0.51 to 0.75) and High Academic Procrastination (0.76 and above). Study also reveal that there is no significant mean different in Gender, Year of Study and Type of Program. Furthermore, from the Pearson’s Correlation Analysis result found that all the explanatory variables (lack motivation, self-esteem, confidence level and overconfidence) having the positive relation relationship with the dependent variable even it contribute the weak relationship. Among the four of independent variables only two variable were significant and 5 percent level of significance which are Lack of motivation and Overconfidence. Finding revealed that variable lack of motivation is the most influent factor towards academic procrastination.
Efeitos imediatos da terapia combinada com ultrassom não-focalizado e estimulação elétrica no tratamento de gordura localizada
Authors: Lima Moreira Ana Betina , Bitencourt Shanna , Fioravante Tassinary João Alberto
Published: August 2020

Introdução: Atualmente, existem diferentes tratamentos não-invasivos sendo utilizados para melhorar o contorno corporal, incluindo o uso de ultrassom (US). A terapia combinada é uma técnica que utiliza uma plataforma composta por US não-focalizado e correntes excitomotoras, que apresenta bons resultados para a redução de gordura localizada.

Objetivos: Verificar os efeitos imediatos de uma sessão única de terapia combinada com US não-focalizado no modo contínuo e corrente elétrica alternada na melhora do contorno corporal.

Métodos: Trinta e seis voluntárias entre 18 e 50 anos participaram do estudo. As participantes foram divididas em dois grupos, Controle (sem tratamento) e Tratado. Análises bioquímicas (perfil lipídico), perimetria e adipometria foram realizadas antes e após o tratamento.

Resultados: A terapia combinada com US e corrente alternada mostrou uma redução significativa nas medidas de perimetria e adipometria da região abdominal das voluntárias do grupo Tratado em comparação com o grupo Controle. Entretanto, o perfil lipídico das participantes dos dois grupos permaneceu inalterado após a sessão de terapia combinada.

Conclusões: O presente estudo mostrou que a terapia combinada com US não-focalizado em modo contínuo e corrente elétrica apresenta redução imediata da gordura localizada abdominal.
Atividade antimicrobiana do ácido mandélico e do ácido glicólico frente à bactéria Propionibacterium acnes
Authors: Buhl Cecília , Buhl Bárbara , Zanatta Luma , Miranda Ethur Eduardo , Sinigaglia Giovana
Published: August 2020

A acne caracteriza-se por um processo inflamatório causado pela infestação bacteriana. A etiologia é decorrente de determinados fatores dentre os quais está à alteração da microbiota que é causada pela bactéria Propionibacterium acnes. Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e a Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM) do ácido glicólico e do ácido mandélico. Para tal, foi utilizado o método de microdiluição, com o qual após o período de 48 horas foi obtido o resultado da CIM para os dois ácidos. Dos poços que tiveram inibição foi retirada uma alíquota que foi transferida para placas de ágar Muller-Hinton para gerar o resultado da CBM desses mesmos ácidos. A CIM do ácido glicólico foi de 1,27 mg/ml e a do ácido mandélico foi de 2,5 mg/ml, enquanto que a CBM desses ácidos apresentaram os mesmos valores, respectivamente. Conclui-se que o ácido glicólico e mandélico possuem atividade bactericida e bacteriostática nas condições deste experimento.
Hormonal and Menstrual Change after Modification of Chronotype–An Eye Opener Treatment Strategy
Authors: Balakrishnan Praveen , Sudhakar Deverakonda , Makhija Pratap
Published: August 2020

In urban areas, especially in adolescents, there is an increasing trend to engage in activities, which are not in compliance with circadian clock and natural rhythm of light dark circle, turning them into a night owl chronotype. Research evidences highlight various health issues as a result of this chronotype. There are no research evidences of whether change of this night owl chronotype to lark shall correct these health issues. This is a unique case of a young unmarried lady, aged 22 years, from Lucknow, India, who visited OPD of Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Eye Disorders (RARIED), Lucknow, with complaints of scanty menstrual flow along with hormonal imbalance, which had no improvement even after 6-7 months of medication. On probing the cause of these complaints, it was found that the patient had a night owl chronotype since past few years along with untimely food habits. The patient was then counseled for shifting the chronotype to lark along with timely food habits, which is in compliance with Ayurveda Guidelines of Lifestyle (AGOL) without any medications. After that a remarkable improvement in menstrual health was observed. Menstrual flow reached back almost to normal and the hormonal profile was balanced, with an exception to anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), which had only a slight improvement.
Quantification of solid fuel combustion and aqueous chemistry contributions to secondary organic aerosol during wintertime haze events in Beijing
Authors: Tong Yandong , Pospisilova Veronika , Qi Lu , Duan Jing , Gu Yifang , Kumar Varun , Rai Pragati , Stefenelli Giulia , Wang Liwei , Wang Ying , Zhong Haobin , Baltensperger Urs , Cao Junji , Huang Ru-jin , Prevot Andre Stephan Henry , Slowik Jay Gates
Published: August 2020

Abstract. In recent years, intense haze events in megacities such as Beijing have received significant study. Although secondary organic aerosol (SOA) has been identified as a major contributor to such events, knowledge of its sources and formation mechanisms remains uncertain. We investigate this question through the first field deployment of the extractive electrospray ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometer (EESI-TOF-MS) in Beijing, together with an Aerodyne long time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (L-TOF AMS). Measurements were performed during autumn and winter 2017, capturing the transition from non-heating to heating seasons. Source apportionment resolved four factors related to primary organic aerosols (traffic, cooking, biomass burning, and coal combustion), as well as four related to secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Of the SOA factors, two were related to solid fuel combustion (SFC), one to SOA generated from aqueous chemistry, and one to mixed/indeterminate sources. The SFC factors were identified from spectral signatures corresponding to aromatic oxidation products, while the aqueous SOA factor was characterised by signatures of small organic acids and diacids, and unusually low CO+/CO2+ fragment ratios measured by the AMS. Solid fuel combustion was the dominant source of SOA during the heating season. However, a comparably intense haze event was also observed in the non-heating season, and was dominated by the aqueous SOA factor. Aqueous chemistry was promoted by the combination of high relative humidity and air masses passing over high NOx regions to the south and east of Beijing, leading to high particulate nitrate. The resulting high liquid water content was highly correlated with the concentration of the aqueous SOA factor. These results highlight the strong compositional variability between different haze events, indicating the need to consider multiple formation pathways and precursor sources to describe SOA during intense haze events in Beijing.
Stratospheric pollution from Canadian forest fires
Authors: Pumphrey Hugh C. , Schwartz Michael J. , Santee Michelle L. , Kablick III George P. , Fromm Michael D. , Livesey Nathaniel J.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Forest fires in British Columbia in August 2017 caused a pyrocumulonimbus event that injected a polluted airmass into the lower stratosphere. The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on the Aura satellite first observed the polluted airmass on 14 August 2017 and continued to observe it for 60 days (100 days in water vapour). We estimate the mass of CO injected into the stratosphere to be 2–3 Tg. Events such as this are rare: this is the third of four such events in the 16 years since the launch of Aura, the second-largest of the four events, and the only one in the Northern Hemisphere. Unlike the preceding two events, but like the most recent event, the polluted airmass described here had an unusually high water vapour content.
Establishment of AIRS climate-level radiometric stability using radiance anomaly retrievals of minor gases and sea surface temperature
Authors: Strow L. Larrabee , DeSouza-Machado Sergio
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Temperature, H2O, and O3 profiles, as well as CO2, N2O, CH4, chlorofluorocarbon-12 (CFC-12), and sea surface temperature (SST) scalar anomalies are computed using a clear subset of AIRS observations over ocean for the first 16 years of NASA's Earth-Observing Satellite (EOS) Aqua Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) operation. The AIRS Level-1c radiances are averaged over 16 d and 40 equal-area zonal bins and then converted to brightness temperature anomalies. Geophysical anomalies are retrieved from the brightness temperature anomalies using a relatively standard optimal estimation approach. The CO2, N2O, CH4, and CFC-12 anomalies are derived by applying a vertically uniform multiplicative shift to each gas in order to obtain an estimate for the gas mixing ratio. The minor-gas anomalies are compared to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) in situ values and used to estimate the radiometric stability of the AIRS radiances. Similarly, the retrieved SST anomalies are compared to the SST values used in the ERA-Interim reanalysis and to NOAA's Optimum Interpolation SST (OISST) product. These intercomparisons strongly suggest that many AIRS channels are stable to better than 0.02 to 0.03 K per decade, well below climate trend levels, indicating that the AIRS blackbody is not drifting. However, detailed examination of the anomaly retrieval residuals (observed – computed) shows various small unphysical shifts that correspond to AIRS hardware events (shutdowns, etc.). Some examples are given highlighting how the AIRS radiance stability could be improved, especially for channels sensitive to N2O and CH4. The AIRS shortwave channels exhibit larger drifts that make them unsuitable for climate trending, and they are avoided in this work. The AIRS Level 2 surface temperature retrievals only use shortwave channels. We summarize how these shortwave drifts impacts recently published comparisons of AIRS surface temperature trends to other surface climatologies.
LiSBOA: LiDAR Statistical Barnes Objective Analysis for optimal design of LiDAR scans and retrieval of wind statistics. Part I: Theoretical framework
Authors: Letizia Stefano , Zhan Lu , Iungo Giacomo Valerio
Published: August 2020

Abstract. A LiDAR Statistical Barnes Objective Analysis (LiSBOA) for optimal design of LiDAR scans and retrieval of the velocity statistical moments is proposed. The LiSBOA represents an adaptation of the classical Barnes scheme for the statistical analysis of unstructured experimental data in N-dimensional spaces and it is a suitable technique for the evaluation over a structured Cartesian grid of the statistics of scalar fields sampled through scanning LiDARs. The LiSBOA is validated and characterized via a Monte Carlo approach applied to a synthetic velocity field. This revisited theoretical framework for the Barnes objective analysis enables the formulation of guidelines for optimal design of LiDAR experiments and efficient application of the LiSBOA for the post-processing of LiDAR measurements. The optimal design of LiDAR scans is formulated as a two cost-function optimization problem including the minimization of the percentage of the measurement volume not sampled with adequate spatial resolution and the minimization of the error on the mean of the velocity field. The optimal design of the LiDAR scans also guides the selection of the smoothing parameter and the total number of iterations to use for the Barnes scheme.
Aerosol pH Indicator and Organosulfate Detectability from Aerosol Mass Spectrometry Measurements
Authors: Schueneman Melinda K. , Nault Benjamin A. , Campuzano-Jost Pedro , Jo Duseong S. , Day Douglas A. , Schroder Jason C. , Palm Brett B. , Hodzic Alma , Dibb Jack E. , Jimenez Jose L.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Aerosol sulfate is a major component of submicron particulate matter (PM1). Sulfate can be present as inorganic (mainly ammonium sulfate, AS) or organic sulfate (OS). Although OS are thought to be a smaller fraction of total sulfate in most cases, recent literature argues that this may not be the case in more polluted environments. Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometers (AMS) measure total submicron sulfate, but it has been difficult to apportion AS vs. OS as the detected ion fragments are similar. Recently, two new methods have been proposed to quantify OS separately from AS with AMS data. We use observations collected during several airborne field campaigns covering a wide range of sources and airmass ages (spanning the continental US, marine remote troposphere, and Korea) and targeted laboratory experiments to investigate the performance and validity of the proposed OS methods. Four chemical regimes are defined to categorize the factors impacting sulfate fragmentation (Fig. shown in abstract). In polluted areas with high ammonium nitrate concentrations and in remote areas with high aerosol acidity, the decomposition and fragmentation of sulfate in the AMS is influenced by multiple complex effects, and estimation of OS does not seem possible with current methods. In regions with lower acidity (pH>0) and ammonium nitrate (fraction<0.3), the proposed OS methods might be more reliable, although application of these methods often produced nonsensical results. However, the fragmentation of ambient neutralized sulfate varies somewhat within studies, adding uncertainty, possibly due to variations in the effect of organics. Under highly acidic conditions, sulfate fragment ratios show a clear relationship with acidity (pH and ammonium balance). The measured ammonium balance (and to a lesser extent, the HySOx+/SOx+ AMS ratio) is a promising indicator for rapid estimation of aerosol pH < 0, including when gas-phase NH3 and HNO3 are not available. These results allow an improved understanding of important intensive properties of ambient aerosols.
CloudRoots: integration of advanced instrumental techniques and process modelling of sub-hourly and sub-kilometre land–atmosphere interactions
Authors: Vilà-Guerau de Arellano Jordi , Ney Patrizia , Hartogensis Oscar , de Boer Hugo , van Diepen Kevin , Emin Dzhaner , de Groot Geiske , Klosterhalfen Anne , Langensiepen Matthias , Matveeva Maria , Miranda-García Gabriela , Moene Arnold F. , Rascher Uwe , Röckmann Thomas , Adnew Getachew , Brüggemann Nicolas , Rothfuss Youri , Graf Alexander
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The CloudRoots field experiment was designed to obtain a
comprehensive observational dataset that includes soil, plant, and
atmospheric variables to investigate the interaction between a heterogeneous
land surface and its overlying atmospheric boundary layer at the sub-hourly
and sub-kilometre scale. Our findings demonstrate the need to include
measurements at leaf level to better understand the relations between
stomatal aperture and evapotranspiration (ET) during the growing season at
the diurnal scale. Based on these observations, we obtain accurate
parameters for the mechanistic representation of photosynthesis and stomatal
aperture. Once the new parameters are implemented, the model reproduces the
stomatal leaf conductance and the leaf-level photosynthesis satisfactorily.
At the canopy scale, we find a consistent diurnal pattern on the
contributions of plant transpiration and soil evaporation using different
measurement techniques. From highly resolved vertical profile measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other state variables, we infer a
profile of the CO2 assimilation in the canopy with non-linear
variations with height. Observations taken with a laser scintillometer allow
us to quantify the non-steadiness of the surface turbulent fluxes during the
rapid changes driven by perturbation of photosynthetically active radiation
by cloud flecks. More specifically, we find 2 min delays between the
cloud radiation perturbation and ET. To study the relevance of advection and
surface heterogeneity for the land–atmosphere interaction, we employ a
coupled surface–atmospheric conceptual model that integrates the surface and
upper-air observations made at different scales from leaf to the landscape.
At the landscape scale, we calculate a composite sensible heat flux by
weighting measured fluxes with two different land use categories, which is
consistent with the diurnal evolution of the boundary layer depth. Using
sun-induced fluorescence measurements, we also quantify the spatial
variability of ET and find large variations at the sub-kilometre scale
around the CloudRoots site. Our study shows that throughout the entire
growing season, the wide variations in stomatal opening and photosynthesis
lead to large diurnal variations of plant transpiration at the leaf, plant,
canopy, and landscape scales. Integrating different advanced instrumental
techniques with modelling also enables us to determine variations of ET that
depend on the scale where the measurement were taken and on the plant
growing stage.
How do modeling choices impact the representation of structural connectivity and the dynamics of suspended sediment fluxes in distributed soil erosion models?
Authors: Uber Magdalena , Nord Guillaume , Legout Cédric , Cea Luis
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Soil erosion and suspended sediment transport understanding is an important issue in terms of soil and water resources management in the critical zone. In mesoscale watersheds (> 10 km2) the spatial distribution of potential sediment sources within the catchment associated to the rainfall dynamics are considered as the main factors of the observed suspended sediment ﬂux variability within and between runoff events. Given the high spatial heterogeneity that can exist for such scales of interest, distributed physically based models of soil erosion and sediment transport are powerful tools to distinguish the specific effect of structural and functional connectivity on suspended sediment flux dynamics. As the spatial discretization of a model and its parameterization can crucially influence how structural connectivity of the catchment is represented in the model, this study analyzed the impact of modeling choices in terms of contributing drainage area (CDA) threshold to define the river network and of Manning's roughness parameter (n) on the sediment flux variability at the outlet of two geomorphological distinct watersheds. While the modelled liquid and solid discharges were found to be sensitive to these choices, the patterns of the modeled source contributions remained relatively similar when the CDA threshold was restricted to the range of 15 to 50 ha, n on the hillslopes to the range 0.4–0.8 and to 0.025–0.075 in the river. The comparison of both catchments showed that the actual location of sediment sources was more important than the choices made during discretization and parameterization of the model. Among the various structural connectivity indicators used to describe the geological sources, the mean distance to the stream was the most relevant proxy of the temporal characteristics of the modelled sedigraphs.
Short communication: Field data reveal that the transport probability of clasts in Peruvian and Swiss streams mainly depends on the sorting of the grains
Authors: Schlunegger Fritz , Delunel Romain , Garefalakis Philippos
Published: August 2020

Abstract. We present field observations from coarse-grained streams in the Swiss Alps
and the Peruvian Andes to explore the controls on the probability of
material entrainment. We calculate shear stress that is expected for a mean
annual water discharge and compare these estimates with grain-specific
critical shear stresses that we use as thresholds. We find that the
probability of material transport largely depends on the sorting of the bed
material, expressed by the D96∕D50 ratio, and the reach gradient but
not on mean annual discharge. The results of regression analyses
additionally suggest that among these variables, the sorting exerts the
largest control on the transport probability of grains. Furthermore, because
the sorting is significantly correlated neither to reach gradient nor to
water discharge, we propose that the granulometric composition of the
material represents an independent, yet important control on the motion of
clasts in coarse-grained streams.
Development of the global atmospheric chemistry general circulation model BCC-GEOS-Chem v1.0: model description and evaluation
Authors: Lu Xiao , Zhang Lin , Wu Tongwen , Long Michael S. , Wang Jun , Jacob Daniel J. , Zhang Fang , Zhang Jie , Eastham Sebastian D. , Hu Lu , Zhu Lei , Liu Xiong , Wei Min
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Chemistry plays an indispensable role in investigations of the atmosphere;
however, many climate models either ignore or greatly simplify atmospheric
chemistry, limiting both their accuracy and their scope. We present the
development and evaluation of the online global atmospheric chemical model
BCC-GEOS-Chem v1.0, coupling the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model (CTM) as
an atmospheric chemistry component in the Beijing Climate Center atmospheric
general circulation model (BCC-AGCM). The GEOS-Chem atmospheric chemistry
component includes detailed tropospheric
HOx–NOx–volatile organic compounds–ozone–bromine–aerosol chemistry and online dry and wet
deposition schemes. We then demonstrate the new capabilities of
BCC-GEOS-Chem v1.0 relative to the base BCC-AGCM model through a 3-year
(2012–2014) simulation with anthropogenic emissions from the Community
Emissions Data System (CEDS) used in the Coupled Model Intercomparison
Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). The model captures well the spatial distributions
and seasonal variations in tropospheric ozone, with seasonal mean biases of
0.4–2.2 ppbv at 700–400 hPa compared to satellite observations and within 10 ppbv at the surface to 500 hPa compared to global ozonesonde observations. The
model has larger high-ozone biases over the tropics which we attribute to an
overestimate of ozone chemical production. It underestimates ozone in the
upper troposphere which is likely due either to the use of a simplified
stratospheric ozone scheme or to biases in estimated
stratosphere–troposphere exchange dynamics. The model diagnoses the global
tropospheric ozone burden, OH concentration, and methane chemical lifetime
to be 336 Tg, 1.16×106 molecule cm−3, and 8.3 years, respectively, which is consistent with recent multimodel assessments. The
spatiotemporal distributions of NO2, CO, SO2, CH2O, and
aerosol optical depth are generally in agreement with satellite
observations. The development of BCC-GEOS-Chem v1.0 represents an important
step for the development of fully coupled earth system models (ESMs) in
China.
HyLands 1.0: a hybrid landscape evolution model to simulate the impact of landslides and landslide-derived sediment on landscape evolution
Authors: Campforts Benjamin , Shobe Charles M. , Steer Philippe , Vanmaercke Matthias , Lague Dimitri , Braun Jean
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Landslides are the main source of sediment in most mountain ranges. Rivers then act as conveyor belts, evacuating landslide-derived sediment. Sediment dynamics are known to influence landscape evolution through interactions among landslide sediment delivery, fluvial transport and river incision into bedrock. Sediment delivery and its interaction with river incision therefore control the pace of landscape evolution and mediate relationships among tectonics, climate and erosion. Numerical landscape evolution models (LEMs) are well suited to study the interactions among these surface processes. They enable evaluation of a range of hypotheses at varying temporal and spatial scales. While many models have been used to study the dynamic interplay between tectonics, erosion and climate, the role of interactions between landslide-derived sediment and river incision has received much less attention. Here, we present HyLands, a hybrid landscape evolution model integrated within the TopoToolbox Landscape Evolution Model (TTLEM) framework. The hybrid nature of the model lies in its capacity to simulate both erosion and deposition at any place in the landscape due to fluvial bedrock incision, sediment transport, and rapid, stochastic mass wasting through landsliding. Fluvial sediment transport and bedrock incision are calculated using the recently developed Stream Power with Alluvium Conservation and Entrainment (SPACE) model. Therefore, rivers can dynamically transition from detachment-limited to transport-limited and from bedrock to bedrock–alluvial to fully alluviated states. Erosion and sediment production by landsliding are calculated using a Mohr–Coulomb stability analysis, while landslide-derived sediment is routed and deposited using a multiple-flow-direction, nonlinear deposition method. We describe and evaluate the HyLands 1.0 model using analytical solutions and observations. We first illustrate the functionality of HyLands to capture river dynamics ranging from detachment-limited to transport-limited conditions. Second, we apply the model to a portion of the Namche Barwa massif in eastern Tibet and compare simulated and observed landslide magnitude–frequency and area–volume scaling relationships. Finally, we illustrate the relevance of explicitly simulating landsliding and sediment dynamics over longer timescales for landscape evolution in general and river dynamics in particular. With HyLands we provide a new tool to understand both the long- and short-term coupling between stochastic hillslope processes, river incision and source-to-sink sediment dynamics.
A novel algorithmic framework for identifying changing streamflow regimes: Application to Canadian natural streams (1966–2010)
Authors: Zaerpour Masoud , Hatami Shadi , Sadri Javad , Nazemi Ali
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Climate change significantly affects natural streamflow regime. To assess alterations in streamflow regime, typically few streamflow characteristics are considered and their significant variations in time and space are taken as a notion of change. Although, this approach is informative, intuitively appealing and widely-implemented, (1) it cannot see simultaneous changes in multiple streamflow characteristics; (2) it does not utilize all the available information contained in a streamflow hydrograph; and (3) it cannot describe how and to what extent one streamflow regime evolves into other regime types. To address these gaps, we conceptualize streamflow regimes as intersecting spectrums that are formed by multiple streamflow characteristics. Accordingly, we recognize that changes in streamflow regime should be diagnosed through gradual, yet continuous changes in an ensemble of streamflow characteristics. To incorporate these key considerations, we propose a fuzzy clustering-based approach to classify the natural streamflow into a finite set of intersecting regime types. Accordingly, by analyzing how the degrees of membership to regime types change, we quantify monotonic shifts between regime types in time and space. Our proposed algorithm eliminates the subjectivity in quantifying shift between flow regimes, and can extract valuable knowledge stored in the shape and variability of annual streamflow hydrographs. We apply this approach to the natural streamflow data, obtained from 106 Canadian gauges, during the period of 1966 to 2010. We show that natural streamflow in Canada can be categorized into six regime types, with clear physical and geographical distinctions. Analyses of trends in membership values during the study period show that alterations in natural streamflow regime are vibrant and can be different within and between major Canadian drainage basins. We show that gradual changes in natural streamflow regimes in Canada can be attributed to simultaneous changes in a large number of streamflow characteristics, some of which have been previously unknown or not well-attended. Our study introduces a generic algorithmic framework for identifying changing streamflow regime at regional and global scales, and provides a fresh look at streamflow alterations in Canada, which can be seen as another line of evidence for the complex and multifaceted impacts of climate change on streamflow regime, particularly in cold regions.
Compositional balance should be considered in soil particle-size fractions mapping using hybrid interpolators
Authors: Zhang Mo , Shi Wenjiao
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Digital soil mapping of soil particle-size fractions (PSFs) using log-ratio methods has been widely used. As a hybrid interpolator, regression kriging (RK) is an alternative way to improve prediction accuracy. However, there is still a lack of systematic comparison and recommendation when RK was applied for compositional data. Whether performance based on different balances of isometric log-ratio (ILR) transformation is robust. Here, we systematically compared the generalized linear model (GLM), random forest (RF), and their hybrid pattern (RK) using different balances of ILR transformed data of soil PSFs with 29 environmental covariables for prediction of soil PSFs on the upper reaches of the Heihe River Basin. The results showed that RF had better performance with more accurate predictions, but GLM had a more unbiased prediction. For the hybrid interpolators, RK was recommended because it widened data ranges of the prediction results, and modified bias and accuracy for most models, especially for RF. The drawback, however, existed due to the data distributions and model algorithms. Moreover, prediction maps generated from RK demonstrated more details of soil sampling points. Three ILR transformed data based on sequential binary partitions (SBP) made different distributions, and it is not recommended to use the most abundant component of compositions as the first component of permutations. This study can reference spatial simulation of soil PSFs combined with environmental covariables and transformed data at a regional scale.
LABS: an agent-based run-out program for shallow landslides
Authors: Guthrie Richard , Befus Andrew
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Credible models of landslide runout are a critical component of hazard and risk analysis in the mountainous regions worldwide. Hazard analysis benefits enormously from the number of available landslide runout models that can recreate events and provide key insights into the nature of landsliding phenomena. Regional models that are easily employed, however, remain a rarity. For debris flows and debris avalanches, where the impacts may occur some distance from the source, there remains a need for a practical, predictive model that can be applied at the regional scale. We present, herein, an agent-based simulation for debris flows and debris avalanches called LABS. A fully predictive model, LABS employs autonomous sub-routines, or agents, that act on an underlying DEM using a set of probabilistic rules for scour, deposition, path selection, and spreading behavior. Relying on observations of aggregate debris flow behavior, LABS predicts landslide runout, area, volume, and depth along the landslide path. The results can be analyzed within the program or exported in a variety of useful formats for further analysis. A key feature of LABS is that it requires minimal input data, relying primarily on a 5 m DEM and user defined initiation zones, and yet appears to produce realistic results. We demonstrate the applicability of LABS using two very different case studies from distinct geologic, geomorphic, and climatic settings. The first case study considers sediment production from the steep slopes of Papua, the island province of Indonesia; the second considers landslide runout as it affects a community on Vancouver Island off the west coast of Canada. We show how LABS works, how it performs compared to real world examples, what kinds of problems it can solve, and how the outputs compare to historical studies. Finally, we discuss its limitations and its intended use as a predictive regional landslide runout tool. LABS is freely available to not for profit groups including universities, NGOs and government organizations.
Properties of baroclinic Rossby waves in the North Atlantic from eddy-resolving simulations of ocean circulation
Authors: Watelet Sylvain , Beckers Jean-Marie , Molines Jean-Marc , Troupin Charles
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The teleconnections between the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the variability of the Gulf Stream (GS) were extensively studied these last years, often exhibiting time delays between both phenomena. These time lags, usually ranging between 0–2 years, are sometimes explained by the hypothesis of baroclinic Rossby waves generated by the NAO in the central North Atlantic (NA) and travelling westward before interacting with the GS. In this study, we use a numerical hindcast at an eddy-resolving resolution (1/12°) from the DRAKKAR project to examine the occurrence and properties of such Rossby waves between 1970–2015, thus including a large pre-TOPEX/Poseidon period. Through the use of a two-dimensional Radon Transform (2D-RT) on Hovmöller diagrams of the Sea Surface Height (SSH), a methodology easily portable to other oceanic model outputs, we show evidence of baroclinic Rossby waves travelling at 39° N at a speed of 4.17 cm s−1. This is the first time Rossby waves are found that much north during such an extended period. These results are consistent with the time lags observed between the NAO and the GS transport while the GS latitudinal shifts might obey additional processes.
Regional-scale paleofluid system across the Tuscan Nappe–Umbria–Marche Apennine Ridge (northern Apennines) as revealed by mesostructural and isotopic analyses of stylolite–vein networks
Authors: Beaudoin Nicolas E. , Labeur Aurélie , Lacombe Olivier , Koehn Daniel , Billi Andrea , Hoareau Guilhem , Boyce Adrian , John Cédric M. , Marchegiano Marta , Roberts Nick M. , Millar Ian L. , Claverie Fanny , Pecheyran Christophe , Callot Jean-Paul
Published: August 2020

Abstract. We report the results of a multiproxy study that combines structural
analysis of a fracture–stylolite network and isotopic characterization of
calcite vein cements and/or fault coating. Together with new paleopiezometric and
radiometric constraints on burial evolution and deformation timing, these
results provide a first-order picture of the regional fluid systems and
pathways that were present during the main stages of contraction in the
Tuscan Nappe and Umbria–Marche Apennine Ridge (northern Apennines). We
reconstruct four steps of deformation at the scale of the belt:
burial-related stylolitization, Apenninic-related layer-parallel shortening
with a contraction trending NE–SW, local extension related to folding, and
late-stage fold tightening under a contraction still striking NE–SW. We
combine the paleopiezometric inversion of the roughness of sedimentary
stylolites – that constrains the range of burial depth of strata prior to
layer-parallel shortening – with burial models and U–Pb absolute dating of
fault coatings in order to determine the timing of development of
mesostructures. In the western part of the ridge, layer-parallel shortening
started in Langhian time (∼15 Ma), and then folding started at
Tortonian time (∼8 Ma); late-stage fold tightening started by
the early Pliocene (∼5 Ma) and likely lasted until
recent/modern extension occurred (∼3 Ma onward). The textural
and geochemical (δ18O, δ13C, Δ47CO2 and 87Sr∕86Sr) study of calcite vein cements and
fault coatings reveals that most of the fluids involved in the belt during
deformation either are local or flowed laterally from the same reservoir.
However, the western edge of the ridge recorded pulses of eastward migration
of hydrothermal fluids (>140 ∘C), driven by the
tectonic contraction and by the difference in structural style of the
subsurface between the eastern Tuscan Nappe and the Umbria–Marche Apennine
Ridge.
Inferring the basal sliding coefficient field for the Stokes ice sheet model under rheological uncertainty
Authors: Babaniyi Olalekan , Nicholson Ruanui , Villa Umberto , Petra Noémi
Published: August 2020

Abstract. We consider the problem of inferring the basal sliding coefficient field for an uncertain Stokes ice sheet forward model from surface velocity measurements. The uncertainty in the forward model stems from unknown (or uncertain) auxiliary parameters (e.g., rheology parameters). This inverse problem is posed within the Bayesian framework, which provides a systematic means of quantifying uncertainty in the solution. To account for the associated model uncertainty (error), we employ the Bayesian Approximation Error (BAE) approach to approximately premarginalize simultaneously over both the noise in measurements and uncertainty in the forward model. We also carry out approximative posterior uncertainty quantification based on a linearization of the parameter-to-observable map centered at the maximum a posteriori (MAP) basal sliding coefficient estimate, i.e., by taking the Laplace approximation. The MAP estimate is found by minimizing the negative log posterior using an inexact Newton conjugate gradient method. The gradient and Hessian actions to vectors are efficiently computed using adjoints. Sampling from the approximate covariance is made tractable by invoking a low-rank approximation of the data misfit component of the Hessian. We study the performance of the BAE approach in the context of three numerical examples in two and three dimensions. For each example the basal sliding coefficient field is the parameter of primary interest, which we seek to infer, and the rheology parameters (e.g., the flow rate factor, or the Glen's flow law exponent coefficient field) represent so called nuisance (secondary uncertain) parameters. Our results indicate that accounting for model uncertainty stemming from the presence of nuisance parameters is crucial. Namely our findings suggest that using nominal values for these parameters, as is often done in practice, without taking into account the resulting modeling error, can lead to overconfident and heavily biased results. We also show that the BAE approach can be used to account for the additional model uncertainty at no additional cost at the online stage.
Power Fluctuations In High Installation Density Offshore Wind Fleets
Authors: Murcia Leon Juan Pablo , Koivisto Matti Juhani , Sørensen Poul , Magnant Philippe
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Detailed simulation of wind generation as driven by weather patterns is required to quantify the impact on the electrical grid of the power fluctuations in offshore wind power fleets. This article focuses on studying the power fluctuations of high installation density offshore fleets since they present a growing challenge to the operation and planning of power systems in Europe. The Belgian offshore fleet is studied because it has the highest density of installation in Europe by 2020 and a new extension is expected to start operations by 2028. Different stages of the future installed capacity, turbine technology and turbine storm shutdown technologies are examined and compared. This paper analyzes the distribution of power fluctuations both overall and during high wind speeds. The simulations presented in this article use a new t-student distributed wind speed fluctuations model that captures the missing spectra from the weather reanalysis-simulations. An updated plant storm shutdown model captures the plant behavior of modern high wind speed turbine operation. Detailed wake modeling is carried out using a calibrated engineering wake model in order to capture the Belgium offshore fleet and its tight farm to farm spacing. Long generation time series based on 37 years of historical weather data in 5 min resolution are simulated in order to quantify the extreme fleet-level power fluctuations. The model validation with respect the operational data of the 2018 fleet shows that the methodology presented in this article is able to capture the distribution of wind power and its spatio-temporal characteristics. The results show that the standardized generation ramps are expected to be reduced towards the 4.4 GW of installations due to the larger distances between plants. The most extreme power fluctuations occur during high wind speeds, with large down-ramps occurring in extreme storm events. Extreme down-ramps are mitigated using modern turbine storm shutdown technologies; while extreme up-ramps can be mitigated by the system operator. Extreme ramping events also occur at bellow rated wind speeds, but mitigation of such ramping events remains a challenge for transmission system operators.
Acute Liver Failure in Patients with Classic Heat Stroke
Authors: Hernández-Ríos Jeremy J. , Martínez-González Fátima María , Gutiérrez-Bañales Luz A. , Beltrán-López J. Andrés , Jaramillo-Ramírez Hiram J.
Published: August 2020

Background: Classic heat stroke is defined by a core temperature greater than 40° C, severe dehydration and neurological alterations. Patients with liver disease due to heat stroke have been described, mostly by exercise. Hepatic failure is defined as the presence of a coagulopathy accompanied by any degree of hepatic encephalopathy. The primary objective of the study lies in the fact that patients who developed acute liver failure during their hospital stay had a higher risk of mortality.

Methods: A retrospective, analytical study of patients admitted to the General Hospital of Mexicali who suffered from classic heat stroke from March 2006 through August 2010, and a second period from June 2018 to August 2019.

Results: Fifty patients were recruited, the group included 48 (96%) male, with a total of 10 fatalities, representing 20%. INR greater than 1.5, AST and ALT levels were not related to an increased mortality rate.

Conclusion: Neither transaminase levels, nor liver failure, were related to a higher mortality rate in this cohort of patients with classic heat stroke.
Insider and Outsider Fieldwork Challenges in Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Dávila Luis Felipe , Doyle Caroline
Published: August 2020

High levels of violence and conflict in Latin America have attracted the interests of local and international researchers to further understand how to reduce this violence and prevent current and future outbreaks. Conducting research in any environment is challenging. However, the obstacles facing not only researcher safety but also data collection methods are particularly complex in settings with high levels of violence and conflict. This article contributes to the methodological literature, as it provides reflections from two researchers, an insider from the Global South and an outsider from the Global North, each collecting data in Medellín, Colombia. It also argues the importance of collaboration between Global North and Global South researchers investigating violence and insecurity.
An Alternative Approach to Classify Illegal Logging: The Case in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Huu Nam , Cao Ngoc Anh
Published: August 2020

This article examines the different kinds of illegal logging that takes place in Vietnam, challenging the typical approaches to understanding and classifying the various criminal activities involved. We argue that either overlooking the classification of illegal logging or relying solely on illegal timber volumes and legal descriptions to categorise the crime is not sufficient to comprehend its diverse nature. This leads to inappropriate measures to tackle the crime. Instead, this study suggests that illegal logging should be categorised into three types, which are fundamentally distinctive, not only with regard to the volumes of illicit timber and the legislative definitions of the crime, but also (and more importantly) with reference to the attributes of harvesters, the degree of their involvement and their motivations, and the level of organisation involved in criminal commissions.
Dynamical analysis of a fractional order model incorporating fear in the disease transmission rate of COVID-19
Authors: Maji Chandan , Mukherjee Debasis
Published: August 2020

This paper deals with a fractional-order three-dimensional compartmental model with fear effect. We have investigated whether fear can play an important role or not to spread and control the infectious diseases like COVID-19, SARS etc. in a bounded region. The basic results on uniqueness, non-negativity and boundedness of the solution of the system are investigated. Stability analysis ensures that the disease-free equilibrium point is locally asymptotically stable if carrying capacity greater than a certain threshold value.We have also derived the conditions for which endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable that means the disease persists in the system. Numerical simulation suggests that the fear factor is an important role which is observed through Hopf-bifurcation.
MONSTRUOSIDADE NA MONTAÇÃO
Authors: BARILLO MAIRA LOPES
Published: August 2020

Este artigo trata das montações monstruosas praticadas por drag queens, dançarinas burlescas e de voguing nas cidades do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, São Paulo, SP e Salvador, BA, nos anos de 2017 e 2018 e que foram fotografadas para o projeto “m0n5+r_S”, pela autora do trabalho. A série de imagens foi realizada em concursos de performance, balls e cabarés, onde a prática performativa da montação era realizada; e editada para que se evidencie os aspectos monstruosos, estranhos e grotescos das imagens. Neste texto, serão descritos alguns aspectos dessa prática, suas implicações éticas, estéticas e políticas, além de contextualizá-la na discussão sobre o queer/cuir e a comunidade LGBTQIA+, utilizando para isso conceitos de Paul Preciado, Judith Butler, Jaqueline de Jesus, Nízia Villaça e Hija de Perra. Contextualizando também as noções de monstruosidade e grotesco nesta forma artística contemporaneamente, através das ideias apontadas por Jacques Rancière, Diego Paleólogo, Muniz Sodré e Raquel Paiva.
O DESEJO CRUEL NA PERFORMANCE DO CORPO SEM ÓRGÃOS
Authors: Barbara Rodrigo Peixoto
Published: August 2020

Objetiva-se com essa escritura propor um agenciamento entre os conceitos: ‘Desejo’, de Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari, e ‘Crueldade’, de Antonin Artaud. Desse agenciamento, disporemos outro conceito, o de ‘Desejo Cruel’, além de investigar como que este se faz presente na performance do Corpo sem Órgãos. Esse estudo vem, contudo, para torcer/distorcer os conceitos aqui propostos no intuito de estabelecer conexões/rizomas dentro de um contexto filosófico/artístico da Diferença.