bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pendampingan Pengelolaan Sungai Gelis di Desa Rahtawu, Pegunungan Muria
Authors: Widjanarko Mochamad , Khasan Mohammad , Faqihuddin Ahmad , Wismar’ein Dian
Published: March 2024

Desa Rahtawu, Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Gelis, menjadi  salah satu tempat  wisata,  dimana warung yang berada di pinggir dan tengah sungai memberikan layanan menarik pada pengunjung untuk menikmati jajan, minum kopi atau  makan. Hal ini, menjadi keprihatinan semua pihak, terutama pemerintah desa Rahtawu. Tujuan dari pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah pertama, menginformasikan aturan sempadan DAS Gelis di Desa Rahtawu, Kabupaten Kudus. Kedua, merekomendasikan pendampingan ekowisata di kawasan Muria, khususnya di Desa Rahtawu, Kabupaten Kudus. Pendampingan ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan pendampingan kebijakan, diskusi kelompok terarah dan pembuatan poster. Berdasarkan kegiatan pendampingan ini dapat disimpulkan dari 17 peserta yang hadir, semua menyatakan kegiatan ini sangat bermanfaat untuk menambah pengetahuan mereka terkait dengan pengelolaan DAS Gelis dan sebagian besar, yaitu 10 peserta menyatakan rencana tindak lanjut dari kegiatan ini. Setelah mendapatkan penjelasan dari BBWS  (Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai) Pemali Juana maka pemerintah desa Rahtawu beserta perangkat desa serta anggota kelompok lainnya mengetahui akar masalah penggunaan sempadan DAS Gelis di Desa Rahtawu, Kabupaten Kudus dan mempunyai keinginan dalam mengelola ekowisata di daerahnya.
Proses Pemahaman Konsep Aljabar pada siswa Kelas VII dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah Matematika
Authors: Widyawanti Indah , Suharna Hery , Jalal Ariyanti
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan proses pemahaman konsep siswa pada materi aljabar. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah tes, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Instrumen tes yang digunakan adalah 2 butir soal tentang proses pemahaman konsep yang telah divalidasi. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah reduksi data, penyajian data, triangulasi dan penarikan kesimpulan. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII-5 SMP Negeri 1 Halut sebanyak 6 siswa sebagai perwakilan subjek penelitian bedasarkan kategori kemampuan matematika (tinggi, sedang dan rendah) untuk diwawancarai sebagai bentuk triangulasi. Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa terdapat siswa dengan kategori tinggi sebanyak 2 siswa (33,33%) yang sudah mampu dalam proses menyatakan ulang secara verbal konsep yang telah dipelajari mengenai suku sejenis, proses mengklasifikasikan objek-objek berdasarkan dipenuhi atau tidaknya persyaratan untuk membentuk konsep tersebut mengenai suku sejenis dan operasinya, proses penerapan konsep secara algoritma pada soal cerita, proses menyajikan konsep dalam berbagai macam bentuk representasi matematika mampu dalam memisalkan umur kakak dan adik, dan proses mengaitkan berbagai konsep (internal dan eksternal matematika) walaupun masih belum tepat. Selanjutnya siswa dengan kategori sedang sebanyak 2 siswa (33,33%) yang sudah mampu dalam proses menyatakan ulang secara verbal konsep yang telah dipelajari mengenai suku sejenis, proses mengklasifikasikan objek-objek berdasarkan dipenuhi atau tidaknya persyaratan untuk membentuk konsep tersebut mengenai suku sejenis dan operasinya, proses penerapan konsep secara algoritma mampu menuliskan model matematika dari soal cerita walaupun masih belum lengkap, proses menyajikan konsep dalam berbagai macam bentuk representasi matematika mampu menuliskan pemisalan umur kakak dan adik pada soal cerita walaupun masih terdapat kekeliruan, dan proses mengaitkan berbagai konsep (internal dan eksternal matematika) walaupun masih belum tepat. Terdapat siswa dengan kategori rendah sebanyak 2 siswa (33,33%) yang belum mampu dalam menyelesaikan soal yang berkaitan dengan bentuk aljabar sehingga masih banyak kekeliruan dalam penyelesaian soal.
Analisis Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Siswa pada Materi Barisan dan Deret
Authors: Syahruddin Wahyuni , Abdullah In Hi , Angkotasan Nurma
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa pada materi barisan dan deret. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah instrumen tes, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Siswa diminta untuk mengerjakan soal tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa (KPMMS), kemudian diwawancarai untuk menggali informasi atau melihat kekonsistenan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal barisan dan deret. Teknik analisis data pada penelitian ini adalah reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Subjek penelitian ini siswa kelas XI MIPA-3 SMA Negeri 1 Kota Tidore yang berjumlah 5 subjek, dengan perwakilan subjek pada penelitian adalah S-4 dengan KPMMS kategori tinggi, S-2 dengan KPMMS kategori sedang, dan KPMMS S-1 dengan kategori rendah. Hasil penelitian kemampuan pemecahan matematis siswa pada materi barisan dan deret sebagai berikut:1) sebanyak 2 (40%) subjek dengan kategori tinggi yaitu, subjekmampu memahami masalah atau menuliskan diketahui dan ditanyakan dengan benar, menerapkan strategi atau menuliskan alternatif penyelesaian dengan benar dan mampu memeriksa kembali jawaban dengan benar. 2) sebanyak 1 (20%) subjek dengan kategori sedang yaitu, subjek mampu memahami masalah dengan benar, mampu menerapkan strategi penyelesaian dengan benar, tetapi pada soal nomor 2 pada indikator kedua menerapkan strategi penyelesaian tetapi tidak benar, dan mampu memeriksa kembali jawaban tetapi tidak benar, dan pada soal nomor 2 pada indikator ketiga tidak memeriksa kembali jawaban. 3) Sebanyak 2 (40%) subjek dengan kategori rendah yaitu, subjek mampu memahami masalah yaitu menuliskan yang diketahui dan ditanyakan tetapi tidak lengkap, menuliskan strategi penyelesaian dengan benar, dan tidak melakukan pemeriksaan kembali jawaban.
Proses Berpikir Reflektif Matematis Siswa dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Program Linear
Authors: Nasir Lasmi , Suharna Hery , Angkotasan Nurma , Abdullah Nurningsih
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan proses berpikir reflektif matematis siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal program linear. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tes, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Siswa diminta untuk mengerjakan soal tes proses berpikir reflektif matematis siswa, kemudian diwawancarai untuk memperoleh lebih mendalam tentang proses berpikir reflektif matematis siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal program linear. Teknik analisis data pada penelitian ini adalah reduksi data, paparan data, triangulasi data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Subjek penelitian ini siswa kelas XI MIPA-1 SMA Negeri 8 Kota Ternate yang berjumlah 25 siswa, dengan perwakilan subjek pada penelitian adalah L-22 dan P-25 dengan KBRMS kategori tinggi, P-13 dan L-11 dengan KBRMS kategori sedang. Hasil penelitian proses berpikir reflektif matematis siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal program linear sebagai berikut: 1) Proses berpikir reflektif matematis siswa dengan kategori tinggi, mampu menghubungkan pengetahuan baru dengan pemahaman terdahulu benar dan lengkap, subjek L-22 mampu menemukan hubungan dan memformulasikan penyelesaian benar dan lengkap dan subjek P-25 mampu menemukan hubungan dan memformulasikan penyelesaian benar tetapi tidak lengkap, mampu mengevaluasi proses penyelesaian benar tetapi tidak lengkap ; 2) Proses berpikir reflektif matematis siswa dengan kategori sedang, mampu menghubungkan pengetahuan baru dengan pemahaman terdahulu benar dan lengkap pada soal nomor 1a dan subjek menghubungkan pengetahuan baru dengan pemahaman terdahulu salah pada soal nomor 2a, subjek P-13 mampu menemukan hubungan dan memformulasikan penyelesaian benar dan lengkap dan subjek L-11 mampu menemukan hubungan dan memformulasikan penyelesaian benar tetapi tidak lengkap, mampu mengevaluasi proses penyelesaian benar tetapi tidak lengkap pada soal nomor 1c dan mengevaluasi proses penyelesaian salah pada soal nomor 2b.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Snowball Throwing Terhadap Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis Siswa pada Materi Persamaan Linear Satu Variabel
Authors: Djali Kalsum , Abdullah In Hi , Suharna Hery
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1) bagaimana kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa setelah diterapkan model pembelajaran snowball throwing pada materi persamaan linear satu variabel. 2) apakah terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe snowball throwing terhadap kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen, desain penelitiannya adalah pretest-postest control group design. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua kelas yaitu kelas eksperimen, kelas yang diterapkan model pembelajaran snowball throwing dan kelas kontrol, kelas yang diterapkan model pembelajaran konvensional. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 5  Kota Ternate dengan jumlah populasi 151 siswa. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah Kelas VII-5 yang diberi perlakuan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe snowball throwing dan kelas VII-6 yang diberi perlakuan model pembelajaran konvensional. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data adalah tes kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa. Langkah untuk mengetahui bagaimana kemampuan  komunikasi matematis siswa setelah diterapkannya model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe snowball throwing dan model pembelajaran konvensional, data dianalisis secara keseluruhan menggunakan analisis deskriptif yaitu menggunakan Penilaian Acuan Patokan (PAP) skala 5. Langkah  untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe snowball throwing terhadap kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa, data dianalisis dengan analisis inferensial yaitu menggunakan uji Mann-Withney U-test.  Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa: 1) kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa setelah diterapkannya model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe snowball throwing secara keseluruhan dapat dilihat dari kualifikasinya yakni kualifikasi memuaskan berjumlah siswa 10 siswa (48%), baik berjumlah 4 siswa (19%), cukup berjumlah 3 siswa(14%) dan kurang berjumlah 1 siswa (5%), gagal berjumlah 3 siswa (14%). Sedangkan kemampuan komunikasi  matematis siswa setelah diterapkannya model pembelajaran konvensional secara keseluruhan dapat dilihat dari kualifikasinya yakni kualifikasi memuaskan 0 siswa (%), baik berjumlah 0 siswa (%), cukup berjumlah 1 siswa (5%), kurang berjumlah 6 siswa (29%) dan gagal berjumlah 14 siswa (67%). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa setelah diterapkannya model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe snowball throwing lebih baik daripada kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa setelah diterapkannya model pembelajaran konvensional. 2) berdasarkan uji Mann-Withney U-test yakni Asymp. Sig (2-tailed) 0,000 0,05 sehingga dapat disimpulkan terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe snowball throwing tehadap kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Think Pair Share untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Penalaran Matematis Siswa pada Materi Lingkaran
Authors: Lahamu Sarni , Suratno Joko , Abdullah In Hi
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1) Kemampuan Penalaran Matematis Siswa setelah diterapkan model pembelajaran think pair share, 2) Peningkatan Kemampuan Penalaran Matematis Siswa setelah diterapkan model pembelajaran think pair share. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu eksperimen dan desain penelitian One Group Pretest-Postest Design. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data adalah tes kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa. Data hasilpenelitian dianalisis menggunakan Penilaian Acuan Patokan (PAP) Skala 5 dan perhitungan menggunakan rumus N- Gain Ternormalisasi (N-Gain). Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Kemampuan Penalaran Matematis Siswa setelah diterapkan model pembelajaran think pair share diperoleh 1 (4,54%) siswa pada kualifikasi memuaskan, 8 (36,36%) siswa kualifikasi baik, 7 (31,81%) siswa pada kualifikasi cukup, 4 (18,18%) siswa pada kualifikasi kurang, dan 2 (9,09%) siswa kualifikasi gagal. Peningkatan kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa tergolong sedang dengan nilai N-Gain yang diperoleh yakni 0,52.
Relationship between photosynthetic-water and nitrogen use efficiencies in young Pinus taeda L. trees at two contrasting sites
Authors: Yáñez Marco A. , Espinoza Sergio E. , Ovalle Juan F. , Magni Carlos R. , Martínez Eduardo E.
Published: March 2024

Background: Nitrogen and water are important limiting factors to forest productivity. At the plant level, there is contrasting empirical evidence about the trade-off between water use efficiency (WUE) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE).
Methods: A study was conducted on 3-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees sampled at two contrasting sites (Virginia Piedmont (VA) and North Carolina Coastal Plain (NC)) in the southeastern United States. We investigated the leaf-level relationship between water and nitrogen use efficiency (i.e., WUEins versus PNUE). Both parameters were measured in the fall, three years after outplanting.
Results: WUEins and PNUE were higher at VA than NC. At both sites, WUEins increased from August to November, while PNUE showed a consistent decline for the same period only at NC, with no clear pattern observed at VA. The Pearson’s coefficient of correlation (r) between WUEins and PNUE was negative (r=0.50) at VA in August, positive (r=0.77) at NC in October, and insignificant for the other measurement dates.
Conclusions: Regardless of the site, at the young stage of stand development, WUEins and PNUE were mostly uncoupled, although it can be speculated that a transient trade-off between these two variables can be expected depending on soil water rather than nitrogen availability.
Comparison of the biology, ecology and potential pest impacts of the eucalypt-defoliating leaf beetles Paropsisterna cloelia and Paropsis charybdis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in New Zealand
Authors: Weser Carolin , Withers Toni M. , Pawson Stephen M.
Published: March 2024

Background: Eucalypt species are grown in New Zealand for a variety of purposes. Paropsine leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) impact eucalypt plantations in Australia and other countries where eucalypts have become established. Six eucalypt-feeding paropsines from Australia have established in New Zealand to date. Paropsis charybdis Stål is currently regarded as the worst eucalypt pest. Paropsisterna cloelia (Stål) established in New Zealand in 2016 and it remains uncertain whether its potential impacts will exceed those caused by P. charybdis.
Methods: In this review, we provide an update on eucalypt insect invasions in New Zealand, summarise available literature on Pst. cloelia, and compare its ecology to P. charybdis, including distribution, host preferences, phenology, and natural enemies. Finally, we identify key areas for future research and give recommendations for integrated pest management.
Results: The number of specialist eucalypt-feeding insects has increased to approx. 36 species. The largely overlapping distributions of P. charybdis and Pst. cloelia in Australia indicate a similar climate tolerance; hence Pst. cloelia is likely to spread throughout New Zealand over time. Life history traits and behaviour of Pst. cloelia suggest it has a higher reproductive output and higher survival rate of immature stages than P. charybdis. This could potentially lead to severe defoliation from more frequent population outbreaks of Pst. cloelia, particularly under climatic conditions that induce growth stress in trees. Both species seem to prefer eucalypt species from different sections within the subgenus Symphyomyrtus, indicating a degree of niche separation. Paropsisterna cloelia larvae feed on both flush juvenile and adult leaves of heteroblastic eucalypt species (i.e., producing morphologically different juvenile and adult leaves), which would be of particular concern if it were to invade E. nitens plantations.
Conclusions: We believe that Pst. cloelia has the potential to exceed the observed impacts from P. charybdis in New Zealand and cause growth losses in its most preferred eucalypt species. An integrated pest management approach that employs strategies, such as breeding for resistance, choice and siting of species, biological control, and/or pesticide use at set damage thresholds could result in significant economic benefits and resilience. As biocontrol is a long-term solution, other strategies need to be investigated and implemented without delay for the industry to be pre-emptive.
FORMULASI SEDIAAN SPRAY GEL EKSTRAK ETANOL KULIT BUAH MANGGIS (GARCINIA MANGOSTANA L.) SEBAGAI HAND SANITIZER TERHADAP BAKTERI STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
Authors: Wulan Ratia Ratulangi Wulan Ratia Ratulangi
Published: March 2024

Hand sanitizer is in the form of a spray gel with various ingredients that quickly kill microorganisms on the skin. hand sanitizer is widely used for practical reasons, easy to carry everywhere and can be used quickly without using water. mangosteen rind (garcinia mangostana l.) contains various secondary metabolites which exhibit certain biological activities, namely antioxidants. the purpose of this study was to determine whether the formulation of spray gel hand sanitizer ethanol extract of mangosteen rind had antibacterial activity against staphylococcus aerius and to find out what concentration of the formulation of spray gel hand sanitizer ethanol extract of mangosteen rind was the most effective antibacterial against staphylococus arius. the method used in this study is the remeseration method using 96% solvent. the dosage formulation was made using hpmc as a gelling agent. spray gel hand sanitizer ethanol extract of mangosteen rind was made in 3 formulations. formulation 1 contains 10% mangosteen rind extract, formulation 2 contains 20% mangosteen rind extract, mangosteen rind extract. negative control is a formulation of spray gel hand sanitizer without extract and negative control uses spray gel hand sanitizer brand x with the active substance of alcohol as an antibacterial agent. the data obtained were organoleptic test, ph test, homogeneity test spreadability test, and antibacterial activity test. formula 1 ph value was in accordance with the ph of the skin, had good dispersion, and the homogeneity test showed that there were no coarse grains contained in the four formulations. the results of the antibacterial test showed that the mangosteen rind extract was applied as a hand sanitizer spray gel at concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30%. can inhibit or the most optimum bacterial growth inhibiting bacteria is at a concentration of 30% extract which produces an inhibitory zone of 9.08 mm in staphylococcus aureus.
UJI EFEK ANTIINFLAMASI SEDUHAN KOMBINASI JAHE (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE) SEREH (CYMBOPOGON CITRATUS) DAN CENGKEH (SYZYGIUM AROMATICUM) PADA MENCIT
Authors: Rahmawati Sri
Published: March 2024

Inflamasi adalah respon normal terhadap cedera. Ketika terjadi cedera, zat seperti histamine, bradikinin dan prostaglandin serta serotonin dilepaskan. Upaya pengobatan penyakit tersebut dilakukan dengan salah satu cara yaitu terus mengembangkan obat berbahan dasar herbal untuk mengatasi inflamasi dan perlu dioptimalkan pemanfaatan bahan alam yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan obat. Maka dilakukan penelitian dengan mengkombinasikan herbal Jahe (Zingiber officinale), sereh (Cymbopogon citrarus) dan cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui adanya aktivitas antinyeri dan dosis paling efektiv pada seduhan kombinasi jahe (Zingiber Officinale), sereh (Cymbopogon Citratus) dan cengkeh (Syzygium Aromaticum) pada inflamasi mencit (Mus musculus). Penelitian ini merupakan true eksperimental yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui suatu gejala yang muncul  sebagai akibat adanya pengaruh Uji efek antiinflamasi seduhan kombinasi jahe, Sereh, dan cengkeh pada mencit.  Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah Jahe 2 kg, Sereh 10 kg dan cengkeh 3 kg. ketiga bahan kemudian di Buat Kombinasi dengan Dosis I seduhan kombinasi ditimbang sebanyak 0,18 mg/kgBB dan dilarutkan dengan air hangat sebanyak 2,5 ml, untuk dosis II seduhan kombinasi  ditimbang sebanyak 0,09 mg/kgBB dan dilarutkan dengan air hangat sebanyak 2,5 mL serta untuk dosis III seduhan kombinasi  ditimbang sebanyak 0,27, kemudian diberi perlakuan terhadap hewan uji mencit. Dilakukan pengamatan dengan melihat perubahan fisik terhadap mencit. Hasil Penelitian didapatkan bahwa terdapat Aktifitas Inflamasi pada Seduhan Kombinasi jahe, sereh dan cengkeh  sebagai antinyeri pada inflamasi mencit (Mus musculus) dan dosis yang efektif dari seduhan kombinas JSC sebagai  antinyeri pada inflamasi mencit (Mus musculus) adalah dosis 0,27 g/kgBB mencit.
FORMULASISEDIAANSABUNMANDIPADATDARIECOENZYMEKULITBUAHSEBAGAIANTIBAKTERITERHADAPBAKTERISTAPHYLOCOCCUSAUREUS
Authors: Hidayat Adi , Idawati Sri , Pertiwi Ajeng Dian , Hardani
Published: March 2024

Eco-enzyme merupakan produk berupa cairan fermentasi sisa dapur berupa sayur dan buah-buahan segar. Kandungan eco-enzyme adalah asam asetat (H3COOH) yang dapat membunuh kuman, virus dan bakteri. Penelitian ini mempunyai dua tujuan yang pertama untuk mengetahui formulasi sediaan sabun mandi padat dari eco-enzyme kulit buah  memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan yang kedua untuk mengetahui konsentrasi paling  efektif dari sediaan sabun mandi padat eco-enzyme kulit buah sebagai antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan ialah true experimental laboratorium yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri sabun mandi padat eco-enzyme. Pengujian organoleptik meliputi bentuk, warna, bau dan tekstur. Hasil uji sabun mandi padat eco-enzyme kulit buah memiliki bentuk padat, aroma minyak zaitun, warna kuning keunguan dan tekstur yang  halus. Dari hasil pengukuran pH sediaan sabun eco-enzyme, dihasilkan nilai pH sabun dengan konsentrasi 10% : 9,5, konsentrasi 20% : 9,7 dan konsentrasi 30% : 9,7. Berdasarkan hasil penelitan antibakteri sediaan sabun dengan konsentrasi 10%, 20%, 30%, dengan rata-rata diameter zona hambat yang diperoleh pada konsentrasi 10%: 12,43, 20%: 12,53, dan 30%: 15,50. Dari keseluruhan konsentrasi memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dengan kategori kuat. Formulasi sediaan sabun mandi padat eco-enzyme kulit buah memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Konsentrasi paling efektif dari formulasi sediaan sabun mandi padat eco-enzyme kulit buah terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus adalah konsentrasi 30% dengan rata-rata diameter zona hambat 15,5 yang termasuk kategori kuat.
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SAWO MANILA (Manilkara zapota) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Salmonella typhi
Authors: Royani Ida , Idawati Sri , Rahmawati Sri , Hardani Hardani
Published: March 2024

Daun sawo manila (Manilkara zapota) mengandung zat-zat aktif seperti saponin, tanin, dan flavonoid. Pada ekstrak daun sawo manila mengandung senyawa alkaloid dan flavonoid yang tergolong sedikit, saponin tergolong sedang dan tanin yang tergolong tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun sawo manila (Manilkara zapota)  terhadap pertumbuhan Salmonella typhi dan mengetahui berapa konsentrasi yang paling efektif dari uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun sawo manila (Manilkara zapota) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Salmonella typhi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam pengujian antibakteri adalah metode difusi sumur agar. Proses ekstraksi menghasilkan rendemen sebanyak 24,3%. Pada hasil uji ekstrak etanol daun sawo manila memiliki kemampuan daya hambat antibakteri pada konsentrasi 25%, 50%, 75%, dan 100% berturut-turut menghasilkan diameter zona hambat sebesar 14,2 mm, 15,9 mm, 16,9 mm, dan 17,4 mm dengan kategori diameter zona hambat kuat. Dari penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa ekstrak daun sawo manila memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Salmonella typhi.
PEMANFAATAN TANAMAN OBAT SEBAGAI OBAT TRADISIONAL OLEH MASYARAKAT DESA TAMPAR AMPAR KECAMATAN PUJUT KABUPATEN LOMBOK TENGAH
Authors: Saputri Audia , Rahmawati Sri , Hardani Hardani , Idawati Sri
Published: March 2024

This paper aims to determine the use of medicinal plants in the community and to determine the types of medicinal plants used by the people of tampar ampar village pujut district. Local know ledge about medicinal plants is obtained based on experience passed down from generation to generation. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that most of the people in the vallage of Tampar Ampar still use medicinal plants as ingredients to treat diseases. Many medicinal plants grow wild around their neighborhood, and some are planted around the house. Treatment with plant ingredients is usually done by people who know very well about medicinal plants. The use of medicinal herbs to cure various diseases, namely aconomic factors, limited medical personnel, personnel and social. Medicinal plants are considered safe and have less side effects, lacuk af knowledge about medical treatment and easy service time.
GAMBARAN PENGGUNAAN OBAT TRADISIONAL UNTUK SWAMEDIKASI PADA MASYARAKAT DIDESA MONTA KABUPATEN BIMA
Authors: Magfirah Ainun , Idawati Sri , Irawansyah Irawansyah , Purmafitriah En
Published: March 2024

Pengetahuan masyarakat obat tradisional secara turun temurun merupakan Langkah awal yang sangat membantu untuk mengetahuib Kesehatan, mencegah penyakit, mengobati sakit ringan, dan untuk pengobatan rutin penyakit kronis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran penggunaan obat tradisional untuk swamedikasi pada masyarakat di Desa Monta Bima. Metode penelitian yang digunakan unutk mengumpulkan informasi yang berisi pernyataan-pernyataan tertulis untuk di jawab secara tertulis oleh responden, penelitian kuantitatif dalam penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mendapatkan gambaran dan keterangan mengenai penggunaan dan pengolahan tanaman tradisional. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dengan melakukan wawancara dengan 91 responden bahwa rata-rata meraka melakukan swamedikasi dengan memanfaatkan tanaman obat tradisional berdasarkan pengalaman, terutama dalam membuat obat tradisional.
Enhancing crop yield and conserving soil moisture through mulching practices in dryland agriculture
Authors: Demo Addis Hailu , Asefa Bogale Girma
Published: March 2024

Dryland agriculture requires the efficient utilization of water resources and the implementation of water-conserving technologies. Mulching is a water conservation practice used in arid land areas to preserve soil moisture, control temperature, and minimize soil evaporation rates. Organic mulching minimizes soil deterioration, enhances organic matter, and boosts the soil’s ability to retain water. Mulching can help keep moisture in the root zone, allowing plants to receive water for extended periods. Mulching with composted yard waste led to higher soil nutrient levels, including phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and organic matter when compared to uncovered soil. Under plastic mulch, soluble nutrients such as nitrate (NO3−), ammonium (NH4+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), potassium (K+), and fulvic acid are released as organic matter decomposes, enhancing the soil’s nutrient availability. Mulching has several advantages for dryland agriculture, such as reducing soil water loss, soil erosion, weed growth, water droplet kinetic energy, and competition for nutrients and water with nearby fields. This review article aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of ground mulching in water conservation. This is particularly important in arid regions where agricultural sustainability is at risk due to drought, heat stress, and the inefficient use of limited water resources during the cropping season. Ground mulching is essential for minimizing surface evaporation and hence decreasing water loss. This review research thoroughly examines the advantages of organic and synthetic mulches in crop production, as well as their use in the preservation of soil and water resources.
Covariate adjusted nonparametric methods under propensity analysis
Authors: Ye Jiabu , Lai Dejian
Published: March 2024

Propensity score is one of the most commonly used score functions in adjusting for covariates effect in statistical inference. It is important to understand the impact with propensity score in case some of the prespecified covariates are severely imbalanced. In this article, we performed simulation evaluation the empirical type 1 error and empirical power under scenario of imbalanced covariates in several nonparametric two sample tests with propensity score or with other covariate adjustments. Our results suggest common propensity score approaches might have type 1 error inflation at scenarios with severe imbalanced covariates or model is mis-specified.
Environmental enrichment during yard weaning alters the performance of calves in an attention bias and a novel object recognition test
Authors: Dickson Emily J. , Monk Jessica E. , Lee Caroline , Campbell Dana L. M.
Published: March 2024

The weaning of beef calves in yards places multiple stressors on the animals, and environmental enrichment may help mitigate some of these stressors and improve animal welfare. This trial assessed the impacts of enrichment provision to beef calves during yard weaning using measures of biological functioning, behaviour, and affective state. Overall, calves utilised the brush more than the other provided enrichments, which were a hanging rope and a ball. Enrichment influenced the behaviours of calves during both an attention bias test, with enriched calves exhibiting behaviours associated with greater anxiety, and a novel object recognition test, with enriched calves spending less time interacting with objects. In their home pens, enriched calves performed more drinking and grooming behaviours. However, no significant differences were seen between treatments for body weight, faecal cortisol metabolites, and internal body temperature. Enrichment also did not influence any longer-term measurements of body weight, flight speed, or crush score. The study design was impacted by mud, requiring the regrouping of the animals. Thus, some results should be interpreted with caution. Overall, this study demonstrates that further work is required into the assessment of affective states for these animals as it could not be confirmed whether the results seen indicate that calf welfare was improved or impaired through enrichment provision.
Periodic static compression of micro-strain pattern regulates endochondral bone formation
Authors: Cheng Pengzhen , Zhao Xueyi , Han Meige , Zhuang Yaping , Ning Fenru , Hu Yaqian , Lu Weiguang , Miao Sheng , Zhao Chengxiang , Jia Liyuan , Hao Xue , Sun Meng , Wang Junxiang , Chen Fulin , Yang Liu , Jie Qiang
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Developmental engineering based on endochondral ossification has been proposed as a potential strategy for repairing of critical bone defects. Bone development is driven by growth plate-mediated endochondral ossification. Under physiological conditions, growth plate chondrocytes undergo compressive forces characterized by micro-mechanics, but the regulatory effect of micro-mechanical loading on endochondral bone formation has not been investigated.

Methods: In this study, a periodic static compression (PSC) model characterized by micro-strain (with 0.5% strain) was designed to clarify the effects of biochemical/mechanical cues on endochondral bone formation. Hydrogel scaffolds loaded with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were incubated in proliferation medium or chondrogenic medium, and PSC was performed continuously for 14 or 28 days. Subsequently, the scaffold pretreated for 28 days was implanted into rat femoral muscle pouches and femoral condylar defect sites. The chondrogenesis and bone defect repair were evaluated 4 or 10 weeks post-operation.

Results: The results showed that PSC stimulation for 14 days significantly increased the number of COL II positive cells in proliferation medium. However, the chondrogenic efficiency of BMSCs was significantly improved in chondrogenic medium, with or without PSC application. The induced chondrocytes (ichondrocytes) spontaneously underwent hypertrophy and maturation, but long-term mechanical stimulation (loading for 28 days) significantly inhibited hypertrophy and mineralization in ichondrocytes. In the heterotopic ossification model, no chondrocytes were found and no significant difference in terms of mineral deposition in each group; However, 4 weeks after implantation into the femoral defect site, all scaffolds that were subjected to biochemical/mechanical cues, either solely or synergistically, showed typical chondrocytes and endochondral bone formation. In addition, simultaneous biochemical induction/mechanical loading significantly accelerated the bone regeneration.

Discussion: Our findings suggest that microstrain mechanics, biochemical cues, and in vivo microenvironment synergistically regulate the differentiation fate of BMSCs. Meanwhile, this study shows the potential of micro-strain mechanics in the treatment of critical bone defects.
The road after cancer: biomaterials and tissue engineering approaches to mediate the tumor microenvironment post-cancer treatment
Authors: Westwood Lorna , Nixon Iain J. , Emmerson Elaine , Callanan Anthony
Published: March 2024

Cancer affects tens of millions of the world’s population each year with a stark mortality rate. It is well established that in order to be effective in treating solid tumor cancers, the current treatment methods used often sacrifice surrounding healthy tissue and cause damage at the site of treatment, inducing changes to the surrounding microenvironment. These changes to the microenvironment can lead to adverse side effects as well as long-term damage which continues to have a detrimental impact on the patient’s quality of life, even after remission. It is believed that by modulating the tumor microenvironment (TME) post-treatment, not only may the efficacy of current treatments be improved, but such associated negative side effects, as well as further complications arising from treatment, including metastasis, have the potential to be reduced. Mediating the microenvironment is also considered to aid in repairing the damaged site post-treatment, subsequently making the conditions more favourable for promoting regenerative processes. This review provides a brief overview of the alterations in the TME resulting from the three main cancer treatments–chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery–and the most common tissue engineering methods currently used in an attempt to mediate the TME post-cancer therapy. Furthermore, it investigates new emerging technologies within this field and the progress of such methods in terms of reaching the clinical setting.
Activating transcription factor 4: a regulator of stress response in human cancers
Authors: Wu Di , Liang Jie
Published: March 2024

Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is an adaptive response regulator of metabolic and oxidative homeostasis. In response to cellular stress, ATF4 is activated and functions as a regulator to promote cell adaptation for survival. As a transcriptional regulator, ATF4 also widely participates in the regulation of amino acid metabolism, autophagy, redox homeostasis and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Moreover, ATF4 is associated with the initiation and progression of glioblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer and lung cancer. This review primarily aims to elucidate the functions of ATF4 and its role in multiple cancer contexts. This review proposes potential therapeutic targets for clinical intervention.
HSA-nanobinders crafted from bioresponsive prodrugs for combined cancer chemoimmunotherapy–an in vitro exploration
Authors: Tubertini Matilde , Menilli Luca , Milani Celeste , Martini Cecilia , Navacchia Maria Luisa , Nugnes Marta , Bartolini Manuela , Naldi Marina , Tedesco Daniele , Martella Elisa , Guerrini Andrea , Ferroni Claudia , Moret Francesca , Varchi Greta
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer still lacking effective treatment options. Chemotherapy in combination with immunotherapy can restrict tumor progression and repolarize the tumor microenvironment towards an anti-tumor milieu, improving clinical outcome in TNBC patients. The chemotherapeutic drug paclitaxel has been shown to induce immunogenic cell death (ICD), whereas inhibitors of the indoleamine 2,3- dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) enzyme, whose expression is shared in immune regulatory and tumor cells, have been revealed to enhance the anti-tumor immune response. However, poor bioavailability and pharmacokinetics, off-target effects and hurdles in achieving therapeutic drug concentrations at the target tissue often limit the effectiveness of combination therapies.

Methods: This work describes the development of novel biomimetic and carrier-free nanobinders (NBs) loaded with both paclitaxel and the IDO1 inhibitor NLG919 in the form of bioresponsive and biomimetic prodrugs. A fine tuning of the preparation conditions allowed to identify NB@5 as the most suitable nanoformulation in terms of reproducibility, stability and in vitro effectiveness.

Results and discussion: Our data show that NB@5 effectively binds to HSA in cell-free experiments, demonstrating its protective role in the controlled release of drugs and suggesting the potential to exploit the protein as the endogenous vehicle for targeted delivery to the tumor site. Our study successfully proves that the drugs encapsulated within the NBs are preferentially released under the altered redox conditions commonly found in the tumor microenvironment, thereby inducing cell death, promoting ICD, and inhibiting IDO1.
Case report: A rare case of skin abscess caused by coinfection of Actinobaculum schaalii and Actinomyces turicensis
Authors: Liu Peng , Sun Kangchao , Li Rongguo , Chen Xiaodi
Published: March 2024

Skin abscess is one of the most common infections of the skin and soft tissues. However, anaerobic bacteria are infrequently identified as the causative agents of this particular form of abscess. In this case, a 34-year-old pregnant woman was diagnosed with a skin abscess with the use of ultrasonography. The microbiological analysis results of the purulent fluid revealed the coinfection of Actinobaculum schaalii and Actinomyces turicensis. The patient was first treated empirically with 3 days of cefathiamidine, which resulted in no symptom improvement. Subsequently, a surgical procedure involving incision and draining was performed, with the administration of ceftriaxone. After 7 days of antibiotic intervention, the patient exhibited a satisfactory recovery. Clinicians need to be aware of other types of infections that might be attributed to Actinobaculum schaalii and Actinomyces turicensis, in addition to urinary tract infections.
Co-design with affect stories and applied ethics for health technologies
Authors: Davat Ambre , Martin-Juchat Fabienne , Ménissier Thierry
Published: March 2024

The integration of digital health technologies in clinical practices and everyday lives of patients raises several issues. Some of them are related to applied ethics. Co-design with patients and, more generally, participatory approaches are increasingly seen as a way to tackle these issues early in the innovation process. This opens the way to an “ethics by co-design.” In this article, we will present the high ambitions of this approach and discuss three challenges raised by ethics by co-design. We will argue that a co-design approach based on affect stories is a way to address these challenges. Then we will focus on a concrete example of a European research project, to discuss the gap between these ethical and theoretical ambitions and what can be achieved in practice. This project aimed at developing an implantable connected device for the monitoring of heart failure, while addressing the ethical, legal and social issues raised by this new technology. However, co-design with patient representatives was in fact limited to a small part of the project: the design of an information module. Based on 18 meetings with a team of 4 patient partners, and 26 additional interviews with patients, we were able to better understand patients’ experiences and priorities in terms of ethics. Together, we co-designed an information module that embodies a vision of the device negotiated between the patients and the technology designers.
Left atrial strain predicts the rhythm outcome in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation undergoing left atrial cryoablation during minimally invasive mitral valve repair
Authors: Yildirim Yalin , Yildirim Sevenai , Petersen Johannes , Alassar Yousuf , Sarwari Harun , Sinning Christoph , Blankenberg Stefan , Reichenspurner Hermann , Pecha Simon
Published: March 2024

Objectives

Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) have lower left atrial (LA) strain, which is a predictor for LA function. Here, we evaluated the prognostic value of LA strain to predict the rhythm outcome in patients with persistent AF undergoing LA cryoablation concomitant to minimally invasive mitral valve repair.

Methods

Between 01/2016 and 12/2020, 72 patients with persistent AF underwent LA cryoablation during minimally invasive mitral valve surgery. All patients received a complete LA lesion set and left atrial appendage (LAA) closure with a clip. All patients received preoperative transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) with LA and left ventricular strain measurements. Preoperative LA and LV strain analysis was correlated with postoperative rhythm outcome.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 66.9 ± 7.2 years, of whom 42 (58%) were male patients. No major ablation-related complications occurred in any of the patients. Successful LAA closure was confirmed by intraoperative echocardiography in all patients. The 1-year survival rate was 97%. Freedom from AF at 12 months was 72% and 68% off antiarrhythmic drugs. Preoperative LA strain values were statistically significantly higher in patients with freedom from AF at 12 months of follow-up (12.7% ± 6.9% vs. 4.9% ± 4.1%, p = 0.006). Preoperative LV strain value was not associated with postoperative rhythm outcome. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, LA strain (p < 0.001) and AF duration (p = 0.017) were predictors for freedom from AF at 12 months of follow-up.

Conclusions

In our study, LA strain analysis predicted the rhythm outcome in patients with persistent AF undergoing concomitant surgical AF ablation. In the future, LA strain might be a useful tool to guide decision-making on ablation strategies in patients with persistent AF.
Addressing the complexity of spatial teaching: a narrative review of barriers and enablers
Authors: Bufasi Ergi , Lin Ting Jun , Benedicic Ursa , Westerhof Marten , Mishra Rohit , Namsone Dace , Dudareva Inese , Sorby Sheryl , Gumaelius Lena , Klapwijk Remke M. , Spandaw Jeroen , Bowe Brian , O'Kane Colm , Duffy Gavin , Pagkratidou Marianna , Buckley Jeffrey
Published: March 2024

Extensive research has established that spatial ability is a crucial factor for achieving success in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM). However, challenges that educators encounter while teaching spatial skills remain uncertain. The purpose of this study is to develop a research framework that examines the interrelationships, barriers, and enablers amongst various educational components, including schools, teachers, students, classrooms, and training programs, that are encountered when teaching for spatial ability development. A thorough examination of international research, in combination with a detailed review of the primary Science and Mathematics curricula in Ireland, Latvia, Sweden, and the Netherlands, is undertaken to acquire a more concentrated comprehension of the incorporation of spatial components in the curriculum. The review seeks to establish the fundamental factors that enable or hinder teachers in terms of curriculum, pedagogy, pedagogical content knowledge, and spatialized classroom practices.
Comparing surgical and endoscopic resection approaches for colorectal neuroendocrine tumors within the diameter range of 10-20mm: an inverse probability weighting analysis based on the SEER database
Authors: Xu Jinyi , Liang Ruikai , Cai Qi , Liu Yang , Ge Xinyi , Lai Bin , Mao Shengxun , Cao Jiaqing , Wang Jiwei
Published: March 2024

Background

Currently, the primary treatment modalities for colorectal neuroendocrine tumors (CRNET) with a diameter between 10mm and 20mm are surgical resection (SR) and endoscopic resection (ER). However, it remains unclear which surgical approach yields the greatest survival benefit for patients.

Methods

This study included data from patients diagnosed with CRNET with tumor diameters ranging from 10mm to 20mm between the years 2004 and 2019, obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Patients were categorized into ER and SR groups based on the respective surgical approaches. Inverse probability weighting (IPTW) was employed to mitigate selection bias. Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank tests were utilized to estimate overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). Cox regression analysis (univariate and multivariate) was performed to evaluate potential factors influencing survival.

Results

A total of 292 CRNET patients were included in this study (ER group: 108 individuals, SR group: 184 individuals). Prior to IPTW adjustment, Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis demonstrated that the OS and CSS of the SR group were inferior to those of the ER group. However, after IPTW adjustment, no statistically significant differences in prognosis were observed between the two groups. Subgroup analyses revealed that patients with muscular invasion, positive lymph nodes, or distant metastasis derived greater survival benefits from SR. Significant differences in OS and CSS between the two groups were also observed across different age groups.

Conclusion

For patients with mucosal-limited lesions and without local lymph node or distant metastasis, ER is the preferred surgical approach. However, for patients with muscular invasion or positive lymph nodes/distant metastasis, SR offers a better prognosis. The choice of surgical approach should be based on the specific clinical characteristics of patients within different subgroups.