bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of the temperature factor on the hydraulic resistance of pressure pipes
Authors: Orlov Vladimir , Zotkin Sergey
Published: May 2021

The assessment of the temperature factor influence on the pressure pipeline hydraulic operation mode is very relevant, since it is considered primarily as an opportunity to reduce the cost of mechanical water transportation. Smaller pressure pipe hydraulic resistances save the electrical energy consumption, and the temperature factor has an additional positive effect on the energy saving process. The purpose of the research is to identify the nature of changes in the hydraulic friction value in relation to the temperature conditions of the transferred water temperature and environmental conditions in the designed ranges, with the subsequent possible control of the transportation process with minimum electrical energy consumption. The method of achieving these goals is an experimental and analytical approach aimed at determining the dynamics of changes in the hydraulic parameters of pipelines made of various materials. The tasks of experimental bench studies include the development of a method for calculating the values of hydraulic friction coefficients for pressure pipelines. The results of hydraulic experiments and comprehensive analysis of the experimental and calculated data for determining the hydraulic friction coefficients for polyethylene pipe are presented. The calculated values of the hydraulic friction coefficient were compared with the experimental ones, which enabled identification of their sufficiently high convergence. The conclusions show a positive effect of reducing hydraulic resistances depending on the increase in the temperature of the transported water.
Innovative facade systems for buildings in hot climate conditions
Authors: Giyasov Adham , Mirzoev Saidmuhammad
Published: May 2021

The article considers the current state of construction of enclosing walls with facade systems for southern latitudes with a hot climate, taking into account the thermal air envelope formed at the walls of buildings of different orientations under the condition of facade insolation. The influence of the total temperature on the external enclosing structure of buildings, depending on their orientation and the conditions of insolation, is determined. The significance of the external walls of buildings under different conditions of facade insolation in the regulation of the heat-wind regime of the wall microclimatic layer of the air and the room is revealed. The list of facade systems for improving the ventilation of the wall layer of air, premises and the territory adjacent to the building, which are of crucial importance in ensuring the microclimatic comfort of the indoor environment in the problem of improving the energy efficiency of buildings, is formulated.
The influence of the climatic features of the construction area on the level of economical-efficient thermal protection of the office buildings
Authors: Frolova Anastasya , Malyavina Elena
Published: May 2021

Now, the thermal protection of buildings is determined by the assessment of the heat consumption for heating and ventilation of buildings during the cold period, which should not exceed the energy consumption norms chosen by a volitional means. At the same time, the economic indicators of the operation of engineering systems serving the building are not taken into account, and energy costs for maintaining the thermal microclimate in the warm season are not considered. The economic assessment of the thermal protection of a building should take into account the year-round operating costs of maintaining a thermal microclimate in it and the capital costs of the systems themselves and their connection to power supply networks. These costs are in antiphase with the capital costs of building insulation, which increase with the strengthening of thermal protection. Since building insulation is a very expensive part of construction, it is important to determine its economically feasible level, taking into account the cost of all the listed costs in the conditions of the climate of the construction area and territorial economic indicators.
Concept of the service-digital approach to the management of engineering systems of buildings
Authors: Zharov Vasily , Komarov Nikolai
Published: May 2021

The problem being reviewed in this article is quite complex and represents a combination of economic, technical, organizational, managerial relations in the management of the engineering systems of the real estate objects that arise in the process of forming a new technological paradigm in the context of growth of the digital economy. The article demonstrates that service activities cover a significant area of social relations associated with development, production and provisions of various types of services including the field of real estate. The study focuses on life cycle contracts for energy supply and it is shown that they are an integral part of the engineering systems management processes. The thesis is given that the service becomes an integral part of the good and the good becomes an integral part of the service. It is demonstrated that operation of the real estate objects including various intelligent buildings consists of various types of services which in one form or another are services by their nature – the services for maintaining the object in operative condition, the services for supplying the object with various resources, the services for maintaining the engineering systems of the object etc. It is shown the relationship between the processes of the real estate objects management and the processes related to the services actives. It is proposed to use the approaches of the systems engineering and the complex engineering in order to solve the tasks related to the management of the engineering systems.
The methods for determining the bucket parameters of a bulldozer-loader with transforming working equipment
Authors: Isakov Kuttubek , Altybaev Amanbek , Beishenaliev Alik , Chopoev Arstanbek , Matisakov Anarbek
Published: May 2021

Problem urgency. To improve the efficiency of road construction machines, especially in high altitude conditions, has been proposed a new design of a bulldozer-loader with transforming working equipment.

Purpose. Methodology development to determine the mass of proposed working body, i.e. the mass of bucket, excluding the mass of material that may be in the bucket.

Methods. Analyzed one of the main elements of the working body - the bucket. Further, using the formulas for determining the volume, we encountered that the lateral surface has a complex configuration, i.e. there are no clearly defined parameters like length and width.

Results. Obtained the dependence (mathematical model) for determining the mass of the bucket, which is easily used in the process of automatic calculation. As a result, reflected the main parameters, that influence to the indicators of reliability, durability of the metal structure and increase its operational properties and productivity.

Conclusions. According of dependence, by varying the parameters, it is possible to easily optimize the bucket volume without changing other parameters. Also, substituting the values into the dependence, it is possible to optimize the lifting capacity, productivity and other necessary parameters for the design of the working body and the base machine.
Application of ejectors for two-phase flows
Authors: Volgina Liudmila , Romanova Anastasiia
Published: May 2021

The article studies the work of a water jet pump (ejector), influence of the mixture characteristics and pipe length on the energy parameters of the ejector system. The relevance of the topic is associated with the active use of ejectors in the modern world in various areas, including in hydraulic structures. Frequent use of ejectors is ensured by high reliability, simplicity of design and maintenance. The purpose of this work is to study the operation of the ejector, the energy characteristics of the flow and the influence of the characteristics of the transported two-phase flow. The calculation of the real practical problem of selecting an ejector for lifting and transporting solid particles is given. The values of the density of the transported mixture and the length of the transport pipes are selected as variable indicators. The analysis of the calculation shows that taking into account the energy characteristics of the flow when selecting the components of the ejector system is very important, and the density of the transported mixture affects the efficiency of the system.
Impact of design parameters of outdoor air on the energy performance of air conditioning systems
Authors: Malyavina Elena , Malikova Olga
Published: May 2021

The temperature and the enthalpy of the outdoor air are the main parameters of the outdoor environment, the design values of which must be assigned with a sufficient accuracy. Therefore, normalization of the design enthalpy using maps is unacceptable. The design outdoor air parameters for the warm period of the year for air conditioning in different countries are determined from the average multiyear data. However, most countries have adopted much shorter periods of exceeding the actual values of the outdoor air temperature and enthalpy than in Russia. In addition, the coasts of the most developed countries are washed by the waters of the seas and the oceans, which stabilize the weather in these countries, as a result of which the spread of parameter values from year to year in these countries is much less than in Russia having a continental climate. It is proposed to take into account the long-term excess of the calculated parameters in individual years when choosing the design temperature and enthalpy of the outdoor air for the warm period in Russia. The estimated increase in the calculated enthalpy by 4-5 kJ / kg showed that a significant increase in the size of air conditioning units will not be required.
Determination of optimal values for the technical characteristics of construction machinery unit with application of fractional linear programming
Authors: Fomicheva Victoria , Zanina Anna , Radaev Anton
Published: May 2021

Paper covers issues connected to the determination of the technical characteristics of construction machinery unit performing a certain category of work. On the basis of the results of the review and analysis of scientific works concerning the problem under consideration the key disadvantages have been identified for the existing techniques. Optimization model for determination of the technical characteristics of construction machinery unit has been created. Initial form of the model is not linear toward unknown variables but it can be transformed to the linear form that allows application of simplex method for efficient solution of the problem. The created model has been implemented on a practical case – the obtained results indicated the adequacy of the developed tool.
Pitting corrosion of galvanized pipes in hot water supply systems
Authors: Andrianov Alexey
Published: May 2021

The mechanism of pitting corrosion of galvanized pipes in hot water supply systems is considered. The analysis of the literature to determine the conditions and mechanism that cause abnormally rapid corrosion of steel galvanized water pipes in water supply systems is carried out. The results of a laboratory study of the initial stage of corrosion of galvanized pipes are presented. The results of a survey of hot water supply systems of a number of residential buildings are presented. Recommendations and measures to reduce the impact of corrosion in hot water supply systems are presented.
Technology role in safety management of Iraqi construction projects
Authors: Saeed Yousif , Aziz Esam , Zelentsov Leonid
Published: May 2021

Iraqi construction industry is not away from high number of injuries and fatalities, to control this problem, Mobile Application Technologies (MATS), might offer a promising solution. Improved risk management will increase the productivity of the construction companies which might resulted in enhancing Iraqi national economy. This research addressed the most current used MATS in managing OSH in the construction projects, and highlighted the most benefits and limitations of using these technologies in the field of Iraqi construction projects. This aim achieved by conducting a comprehensive study of the related literature, by analysing a questionnaire response of 98 construction project managers, who are working in a small and medium sized company, BIM and WSDS were identified as the most current used MATS in the Iraqi construction projects, But with a low rate of occurrence about 25%. ’Eliminate hazard during the design phase’ and ’Help visualize hazard’ are the most two benefits of MATS with a rate of occurrence about 75%. However, ’Extra costs associated with technology’, ’Little or no government regulations for use’ are the most two limited factors of using MATS in OSH management in the Iraqi construction projects. In this research the suggestion for the future research has introduced.
Algorithm for constructing an organizational and technological model for dismantling NPP buildings
Authors: Engovatov Igor , Kovalenko Zhanna
Published: May 2021

In coming decade the practical implementation of work on the decommissioning of nuclear power plants will begin. Failure to take into account the decommissioning stage for NPPs of the first generations, the presence of a radiation component in the building structures of NPP buildings and structures, the need to destroy protective barriers are the main problems in the issue of dismantling works. The destruction of barriers and the specifics of dismantling technological processes can lead to the release of radioactivity into the environment, which will lead to an increase in the radiation load on personnel and the population.

Radioactive contamination of structures leads to the formation of a large volume of radioactive waste, the amount of which can be significantly reduced due to the competent separation of waste into classes, taking into account the holding time.

In this study the design of the reactor building for unit 1 of the Novovoronezh NPP was considered. Based on the analysis of the data of the comprehensive engineering and radiation surveys (CERS), which was completed in 2004, a classification of buildings into three groups was proposed.

Based on the results of CERS, the dependences of the total activity of the main radionuclides and the cost of maintaining the block under observation from time are presented.

As a result of the performed studies, an algorithm for constructing an organizational and technological model for dismantling buildings and structures of NPP that are being decommissioned is proposed.
BIM modeling for sustainable design and energy efficient construction
Authors: Garyaeva Venera
Published: May 2021

The goal of sustainable construction is to improve the energy efficiency of a building, which today is a challenge for software developers, builders, owners within the constraints of time, cost, provision and resources. Building functional, sustainable, safe, comfortable and easy-to-use buildings will increase consumer demand. The problem of implementing sustainable construction lies in the division of responsibilities and tasks from the relevant specialists. This article explores the role of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in reducing fragmentation among professionals at every stage of construction. The possibility of using a virtual storage of information using BIM is analyzed, which provides easy access to data and their exchange in real time. Thus, BIM provides a professional platform for working in an integrated environment at any stage of the building construction process. When analyzing Russian and foreign sourcesthe prerequisites are being created for the future research required to generate improvements towards sustainable construction.
Stages of implementation of information modeling technology in the design organization
Authors: Garyaev Petr
Published: May 2021

The development of modern information technologies leads not only to an increase in the computing power of modern computers and the improvement of the capabilities of specialized software in the field of construction design, but also the need to develop approaches for the implementation of the proposed technologies at the stage of construction design.
Clusters as a new management system of the Skadar Lake in Montenegro
Authors: Herbez Velenka , Balakina Alevtina
Published: May 2021

Skadar Lake, located in Montenegro, is a valuable natural resource that combines a favorable climate, unique flora and fauna, as well as numerous cultural and historical monuments. For the sustainable development of the Skadar Lake, a new system of natural and human resources management is needed that corresponds to the cluster approach. An analysis determined the main components of tourist and recreational clusters necessary for the transition from the development of single territories with a tourist potential to the sustainable development of the whole territory of the Skadar Lake, creating a synergistic effect. The possibility of creating tourist and recreational clusters on the territory of the Skadar Lake in Montenegro, is considered as a system integrated into the national and local framework of strategic planning, increasing the viability of tourism and having a multiplier effect on it as well as related services. The analysis confirmed the need for a strategic and systematic approach in the sustainable development of Skadar Lake, and also emphasized the relevance of the cluster approach in the tourism development. Skadar Lake should be considered as a whole region and unique system of tourist and recreational cluster in order to create an efficient and flexible structure, which, within the framework of ecotourism and in accordance with the principles of sustainable development, will benefit both nature and visitors.
Some suggestions for Urban planning approach to Green Infrastructure, implications for Vinh city, Nghe An province, Viet Nam
Authors: Nguyen-Thi Kieu-Vinh , Doan-Thi Thuy-Huong
Published: May 2021

Research on green infrastructure has become a mainstream of managers, planners and architects around the world given its utmost impacts on human life and nature. Green infrastructure protection and development in urban management, planning, design and construction represents an important task to ensure sustainable development. This article presents some suggestions for urban planning approach to green infrastructure, contributing to the protection and development of this system.
Search for new functionality for unused objects of frame architecture
Authors: Gavrikov Denis
Published: May 2021

The problem of reconstruction, renovation and revitalisation of unused or abandoned framed architectural objects is one of the cases of modern sustainable development. For several such objects, complex reconstruction projects were developed during the course of four International interdisciplinary student workshops “International Building Challenge” that include the choice of new functionality. Considered Objects for renovation include the equestrian yard of the Kuznetsovs' estate in Dolgoprudny (Moscow Area, Russia), pavilion 24 of the Trekhgornaya Manufactory in Moscow, Russia, the hanging room of the Zhivopisny bridge in Moscow, Russia as well as several water towers in the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation. All mentioned objects are having at least one uniting feature: an interpretation of frame house. For the first time in Russia, mentioned student’s projects reflected the real interaction of urban planners, developers, architects, designers and engineers. Projects consisted of several components: ecological (choice of materials, utilities, ecological zoning of the territory, green design standards), economic (best-use calculation), and social (needs of local residents). Empty or abandoned buildings on a frame construction basis showed functional flexibility and versatility.
Anticipations of the Ideas of Contemporary Architecture in the Russian Avant-Garde
Authors: Adamov Oleg
Published: May 2021

Leading contemporary architects stated their adherence to the ideas of the Russian Avant-garde that could be “injected” into the Western cultural background and might regenerate or revitalize it. Their approach could be accounted as “superficial sliding”, but quite deep interpenetration to the ideas and images of this culture is also revealed. So the point is, in what ways the inheritance occurs and cross-temporal interaction works in a design culture? The purpose of this paper is to clarify a nature of the multiple links between the working concepts of the masters of the Russian Avant-garde and contemporary Western architects emerging while their creative activity in relation to spatial constructions and affecting the meanings of architectural forms and images. The essay tried to apply the process approach to study the architectural phenomena, treated as a development of structuralism and post-structuralism methods, involving the construction of both synchronic and diachronic models. Comparative analysis of individual ways of designing and creating forms specific to the architects is also used. As a result the individual semantic structures are identified and their interconnections are found out at the different levels of conceptualizing: “picture” imitation and transfiguration; fragmentation; reticulated constructions; cosmos generating; spatial primary units; animated stain; bionic movement; autopoiesis. Tracing the links and transferring the ideas is possible at the meta-level by comparison the whole semantic structures specific for the different times architects, identified by means of reconstruction of their individual creative processes and representation of the broad figurative-semantic fields, referring to the various cultural contexts.
Assessment of Dominant Trends in Housing Construction Market in Russia
Authors: Ovsiannikova Tatiana , Rabtsevich Olga , Yugova Irina
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the research and assessment of dominant trends in the development of the housing construction market in Russia. The relevance of the study is determined by the role of the housing construction market as a driver of economic development of territories. The purpose of the study is to assess the current trends in the development of housing construction.The conducted analysis showed that the condition and dominant trends of the housing construction market generally corresponded to the negative macroeconomic situation in 2020. The factors that caused the negative trends in the development of the housing construction market are identified and their consequences are assessed. The authors believe that timely identification and assessment of dominant trends in the housing construction market allow predicting possible directions of its development, which in turn allow specifying directions of state regulation of the housing sector necessary to maintain stability of the industry and its balanced development.
Changes in the accounting of property of a construction contractor
Authors: Zaslavskaya Irina
Published: May 2021

This article studies the impact of changes in the accounting of property of organizations in connection with the new regulations in the field of accounting, and the convergence of Russian accounting with international standards. These changes are considered on the example of accounting for tools and inventory in a construction contractor. The conclusion is made about the significant impact on the financial statements of the limit for accepting fixed assets for accounting established in the Accounting Policy, and the need to justify the choice of such a limit by the accountant.
Methodological basis for the development of the rating system for assessing the energy efficiency of the industrial facilities
Authors: Shchepkina Natalia
Published: May 2021

Nowadays, there is a key problem in the development of energy conservation and energy efficiency in the Russian Federation. It is the absence of the system for assessing energy efficiency of the largest ultimate customers of the energy resources, they are industrial facilities. We can speak about the existence of the methods for classifying residential buildings or equipment as energy efficient. We can also speak about the absence of the methods for assessing the energy efficiency of the industrial facilities in both foreign and Russian practice nowadays. The methodological basis for the development of the rating system for assessing the energy efficiency of the industrial facilities is discussed in this article. The fundamental principles are presented in it. They must be taken into account when developing the rating system. The structural and logical scheme for the development of the rating system for assessing the energy efficiency of the industrial facilities is proposed. It reflects the relationship and sequence of its main elements, and it allows presenting the development process in the complete form.
Post-war Planning for Urban Cultural Heritage Recovery
Authors: Belal Ali , Shcherbina Elena
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the research is to present guidelines and recommendations that can contribute to the post-war recovery of urban cultural heritage by a proposed methodology, based on other experiences in the reconstruction and preservation field of historical areas after wars, with the possibility of applying them, as an attempt to regain the features of the old part of the city. We also suggest those suggestions and guidance on three different levels. These guidelines are applicable at three levels: the historic core of the city, neighbourhood level, and individual quarters level. Each level had a specific theme for reconstruction planning that can maintain the city’s particular character during the current circumstances. Many cities have been heavily damaged as a result of the armed conflict in Syria, destroying most of the city’s neighbourhoods, including the historic district. Hence, we present a study of the consequences of this destruction on the historic fabric of the city, and search for the best solutions to give it the needed protection. Finally, the results and recommendations of this research will lead to developing answers to deal with historic centres and historic buildings that have been damaged by the armed conflict and were neglected before the war. The goal of this research is to identify fundamental principles that can lead to a successful reconstruction process while also preserving the city’s cultural identity.
COVID-19: Key global impacts on the construction industry and proposed coping strategies
Authors: Husien Ihsan Ali , Borisovich Zelentsov , Naji Ahmed Adel
Published: May 2021

The construction industry is an essential tributary of the global economy and an important resource in the overall product of the local economies. In December 2019, the construction industry was exposed to a shock beyond the local level as a result of COVID-19, which was classified by the World Health Organization as a global pandemic after its rapid and sudden spread in multiple countries. The nature of the effects of COVID-19 on the construction industry varied according to the diversity of its projects. The pandemic raised many challenges at the level of the workforce, low or halting productivity, production time and costs, as well as disputes in contractual formulas for construction projects. But some of the effects were more severe and caused consequences for all stakeholders in the construction sector. Researchers and those interested in the construction industry have dealt with the repercussions of COVID-19, but most of the publications focused on studying the impact of the pandemic on the local construction industry, so this paper attempts to shed light on the most prominent effects of COVID-19 on the construction industry around the world, and which were repeated with high frequency in previous studies and reports by following the methodology of review, analysis and selection, and then suggesting optimal coping strategies to reduce the damages of these effects.
Behaviour desorption study of the essential oil of Cedrus atlantica in a porous clay versus insecticidal activity against Sitophilus granarius: explanation of the phenomenon by statistical studies
Authors: Ainane Ayoub , Abdoul-Latif Fatouma Mohamed , Mohamed Jalludin , Attahar Wissal , Ouassil Manar , Shybat Zine Laabidine , El Yaacoubi Adnane , Ainane Tarik
Published: May 2021

Substances of natural origin and more particularly essential oils currently represent an alternative solution in the fight for the protection of stored foodstuffs. The way to use these essential oils and the storage conditions remain the main handicap in dealing with this subject. This article develops the use of porous supports as a medium for the study of the behavior of essential oils with respect to insecticidal activities. The process relates to the fixing and/or grafting of essential oils in porous clay media in a well-defined geometric form included in the storage methods. The study of transfers of the essential oil of Cedrus atlantica in a porous clay medium in the case of desorption was made by analytical and numerical models of diffusion process, to know the behavior of the oil and to determine some physical parameters (diffusivity Dz, activation energy Ea, evaporation rate F and constant of evaporation K) which explain the mechanisms involved and to try to exploit them in parallel with the insecticidal activities against of Sitophilus granarius the main cereal pest by statistical approaches such as: design of experiments and principal component analysis.
Les enjeux de l’interdisciplinarité de la recherche et des parcours de formation sur le changement climatique : l’école d’été « Autour du 2 °C »
Authors: Mathy Sandrine , Labussière Olivier , Lavorel Sabine , Lebel Thierry , Schmitt Bertrand ,   le collectif « Autour du 2 °C 2019 »
Published: May 2021

En 2017 et 2019 ont eu lieu les deux premières éditions de l’école d’été « Autour du 2 °C » consacrée aux enjeux de l’interdisciplinarité de la recherche et des parcours de formation sur le changement climatique. Nous revenons dans ce texte sur les motivations qui ont conduit au lancement de cette initiative, ainsi que sur le positionnement et le déroulement de ces deux premières éditions, qui ont permis de mettre en évidence les défis scientifiques et sociopolitiques que soulève la mise en œuvre de l’interdisciplinarité dans la recherche, notamment sur un objet aussi protéiforme que le changement climatique. Ce texte constitue également une opportunité de faire le point sur les évolutions possibles de cette école au regard des enjeux sociétaux et scientifiques associés à la compréhension et à la gestion de l’impact des changements globaux sur notre environnement et sur nos sociétés.
Analyse de la justification des examens tomodensitométriques thoraciques et/ou abdomino-pelviens réalisés au Togo
Authors: Adambounou K. , Akoha S. , Adigo A.M.Y. , Kambiré F. , Sonhaye L. , Adjenou K.
Published: May 2021

Cette étude a pour objectif d’analyser la justification des examens tomodensitométriques (TDM) thoraciques et/ou abdomino-pelviens réalisés au Togo. Il s’agissait d’une étude prospective descriptive portant sur 353 TDM thoraciques et/ou abdomino-pelviennes réalisées du 1er septembre au 30 novembre 2018. L’analyse de la justification était notamment faite sur la formulation de l’indication clinique, la cohérence de l’indication clinique avec la TDM demandée et la conformité de l’indication clinique avec le Guide du bon usage (GBU) des examens d’imagerie médicale des Sociétés françaises de radiologie (SFR) et de médecine nucléaire (SFMN). Les TDM abdomino-pelviennes, thoraciques et thoraco-abdomino-pelviennes représentaient respectivement 64,87 %, 18,7 % et 16,4 % de l’échantillon. L’âge moyen des patients était de 52,4 ans avec des extrêmes de 6 et 92 ans. Les demandeurs étaient des médecins spécialistes dans 51,8 % des cas et des paramédicaux dans 1 % des cas. Et 63,46 % des TDM étaient précédées par un examen non ou moins irradiant et 0,85 % étaient réalisées sans indication clinique. La formulation de l’indication clinique était bonne dans 66,01 %, acceptable dans 32,58 %, et mauvaise dans 0,57 %. Ces indications étaient incohérentes avec la TDM demandée dans 3,4 % des cas, et non conformes au GBU dans 17,28 % des cas. Plus la formulation de l’indication clinique était bonne, cohérente avec la TDM demandée et conforme au GBU, plus les résultats étaient pathologiques. Au total, 18,7 % des TDM étaient jugéesa priorinon justifiées. En définitive, un nombre significatif de TDM réalisées au Togo n’étaient pas justifiées d’où la nécessité d’organisation régulière de formations continues en radioprotection des patients notamment pour les demandeurs.
Stage reduced counter-rotating axial compressor for jet engine
Authors: Ferdaus F. , Kumar Nitish , Sakthivel G. , Raghukiran N.
Published: May 2021

Variation in the states of system, mass flow and pressure are some of the disturbances which are experienced by the compressors in the jet engine under working condition. One of the main factors that influence the efficiency of a jet engine is the pressure ratio. In order to achieve the required pressure ratio, we should have relatively a greater number of stages in the compressor that leads to an increase in the weight of the engine. The stator and rotor are the essential parts of an aircraft's axial compressor. CFD is used in order to evaluate the pressure ratio. In this paper, we are going to analyze a three-stage compressor instead of an actual six-stage compressor. The mass flow rate inside the control system can be used to maintain the stability of the system. Compressor weight and pressure ratio at each stage can be reduced if we have a clockwise and anti-clockwise rotating rotor. With the use of a universal gear system, the two clockwise rotors and one anti-clockwise rotor were analyzed. The main outlook of this work is to show the maximum pressure ratio of the compressor at the outlet with our desired configurations. In conclusion, it was shown that the weight of the aircraft engine can be effectively reduced.
Thyroid Hormone Deficiency Modifies Hepatic Lipid Droplet Morphology and Molecular Properties in Lithogenic-Diet Supplemented Mice
Authors: Kube Irina , Jastrow Holger , Führer Dagmar , Zwanziger Denise
Published: May 2021

Objective Thyroid hormones have been associated with a hepatic lipid lowering effect and thyroid function has been shown to play a substantial role in development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatic lipid droplets differ in the number, size and molecular properties depending on metabolic state or pathological condition. However, in how far thyroid hormone deficiency affects hepatic lipid droplet morphology and molecular properties is still poorly understood. Therefore, we performed a study in mice using a lithogenic diet model of steatohepatitis and modulated the thyroid hormone status.

Methods Male and female three months old C57BL/6 mice were divided into a euthyroid (control), a lithogenic (litho) and a lithogenic+thyroid hormone deficient (litho+hypo) group and treated for six weeks. Hepatic transmission electron microscopy and gene expression analysis of lipid-droplet associated proteins were performed.

Results Increased mean diameters of hepatic lipid droplets and a shift towards raised electron-density in lipid droplets was observed under thyroid hormone deficiency. Furthermore thyroid hormone deficiency altered hepatic expression of genes involved in lipophagy and triacylglycerol mobilization. Interestingly, while the impact of thyroid hormone deficiency on lipid droplet morphology seems to be sex-independent, hepatic lipid droplet-associated gene expression differed significantly between both sexes.

Conclusion This study demonstrates that thyroid hormone deficiency alters hepatic lipid droplet morphology and hepatic gene expression of lipid droplet-associated proteins in a lithogenic diet mouse model of steatohepatitis.
Liebe Leserinnen und Leser
Authors: Buchner Helmut
Published: May 2021

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser

es ist schön Sie zum zweiten Heft in 2021 begrüßen zu können. Es gibt gute Nachrichten: In einer Zeit, in der die Resilienz belastet wird, kann die Freude am Lesen verbunden mit Erkenntnis ein Weg sein um wieder „aufzutanken“.
Anti-inflammatory and Anti-arthritic Activities of Aqueous Extract
and Flavonoids from Tripodanthus acutifolius Leaves in Mice Paw
Oedema
Authors: Ticona Luis Apaza , Serban Andreea Madalina , Ticona Daly Apaza , Slowing Karla
Published: May 2021

Tripodanthus acutifolius, commonly known as Jamillo, is an herbal remedy
used in traditional Andean medicine to treat joint problems, such as sprains,
dislocations, and rheumatic pain. This study aimed to evaluate the in
vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity
of the aqueous extract and isolated compounds of T. acutifolius. A
bioguided phytochemical analysis based on NMR/MS was performed to
identify the compounds of the aqueous extract from T. acutifolius. The
anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity were evaluated by measuring
inflammatory parameters (TNF-α, C-reactive protein, and
fibrinogen) in murine models. The chemical structure determination led to the
identification of four flavonoids:
(E)-2’,4’-dihydroxy-6’-methoxy-chalcone
(1), 6,2’,4’-trimethoxyflavone (2),
5,3’,4’-trihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxyflavone (3), and
5,4’-dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxyflavone (4). All compounds
inhibited the production of TNF-α in the RAW 264.7 cell line,
with IC50 values of 0.78, 1.43, 5.73, and 9.71 μM,
respectively. In addition, all flavonoids decreased the levels of
TNF-α, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen at a concentration
of 5 mg/kg in murine models. Our research shows that these compounds
isolated from T. acutifolius have anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic
properties, providing scientific evidence for the traditional use of this plant
species.
Comparison of the Effect of Preoperative Anxiety on the Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Umbilical Cord Blood After Vaginal and Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Miniksar Ökkeş Hakan , Kırmızı Demet Aydogan , Çaltekin Melike Demir , Kılıç Mahmut , Miniksar Dilsad Yildiz , Gocmen Ayşe Yeşim
Published: May 2021

Objective This study examined the independent effect of delivery type and preoperative anxiety on placenta oxidative stress response.

Materials and methods A total of 126 patients who gave birth were divided into two groups according to delivery type: vaginal delivery group (VD) (n=56) and elective cesarean section delivery group (CS) (n=70). The preoperative anxiety levels of pregnant women who came to the delivery room were evaluated with the State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) scale. Malonyldialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidative status (TAS), total oxidative state (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels in umbilical cord blood were compared according to preoperative anxiety level and type of delivery.

Results The CS group had significantly higher MDA (0.88±0.15 versus 0.79±0.09, p=0.001) and TOS (8.37±1.81 versus 7.53±0.77, p=0.019) values compared to the VD group. TAS levels did not differ significantly between the groups. SOD levels were higher in VD group compared to CS group (p=0.049). When the factors affecting oxidative stress biomarkers are analyzed by regression analysis, factors affecting MDA were found to be SAI score (Beta=0.358), CS (Beta=0.212), the factor affecting SOD was found to be VD (Beta=0.318), the factors affecting TOS were found to be SAI score (Beta=0.317) and CS (Beta=0.183).

Conclusıon Oxidative stress biomarker levels in umbilical cord blood and preoperative anxiety levels were higher in patients who underwent elective caesarean section than those who delivered vaginally. Preoperative anxiety was the factor that increased oxidative stress biomarkers of umbilical cord blood the most.
Schwangere mit präexistentem Diabetes oder Gestationsdiabetes im Kreißsaal
Authors: Winkler Jennifer Lucia , Goeckenjan Maren , Wimberger Pauline
Published: May 2021

Die Betreuung von Schwangeren mit Zuckerstoffwechselstörungen und schwangeren Diabetikerinnen gehört zum Alltag in der gynäkologischen Praxis, Allgemeinmedizin, Diabetologie und in den Geburtskliniken. Die auf Prävention ausgerichtete Diagnostik in der Schwangerschaft und die interdisziplinäre Versorgung und Therapie bei erkanntem Diabetes mellitus oder Gestationsdiabetes senkt mögliche Risiken für die Geburt durch einen schlecht eingestellten Zuckerstoffwechsel. Zusätzlich kann die optimale peripartale Betreuung schwangerer Frauen mit Diabetes im Kreißsaal das geburtshilfliche Outcome und langfristig das metabolische Lebenszeitrisiko von Mutter und Kind verbessern.
How I Treat Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer?
Authors: Dabkara Deepak , Mondal Debapriya , Ghosh Joydeep , Biswas Bivas , Ganguly Sandip
Published: May 2021

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) combined with docetaxel or antiandrogens (abiraterone, enzalutamide, or apalutamide) improved the outcomes in men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). When multiple options are available, the dilemma remains how to choose among these options. Similarly, issues of bone health, long-term side effects of therapies, and hereditary risk need to be discussed for comprehensive care. In the present article, we reviewed the relevant evidence for the treatment of mHSPC. ADT alone is not the current standard of care for most patients. In these times of plenty and price crisis, it is imperative to find the best option for treating these patients.
Elevated Glucose Challenge Test in a Nondiabetic Index Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes in a Subsequent Pregnancy
Authors: de Los Reyes Samantha , Dude Annie , Adams Marci , Plunkett Beth , Hirsch Emmet
Published: May 2021

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a 1-hour glucose challenge test (GCT) ≥140 mg/dL in a nondiabetic index pregnancy is associated with the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a subsequent pregnancy.

Study Design We performed a retrospective cohort study from a single institution from June 2009 to December 2018. Women with a nondiabetic index singleton gestation who underwent a 1-hour GCT at 24 to 28 weeks and had a successive singleton delivery were included. GDM was defined by a 1-hour GCT of ≥ 200 mg/dL, ≥2 of 4 elevated values on a 3-hour GCT, or a diagnosis of GDM defined by International Classification of Disease codes in the electronic medical record. Univariable analyses were performed to evaluate the associations between an elevated 1-hour GCT result in the index pregnancy, maternal characteristics, and the development of GDM in the subsequent pregnancy. Variables found to be significant (p < 0.05) were included in multivariable analysis.

Results A total of 2,423 women were included. Of these, 340 (14.0%) had an elevated 1-hour GCT in the index pregnancy. Women with an elevated 1-hour GCT in the index pregnancy compared with those without were significantly more likely to be older, married, privately insured, of Hispanic ethnicity or Asian race, chronically hypertensive, have a higher body mass index (BMI), have a shorter inter-pregnancy interval, and to develop GDM in the subsequent pregnancy (14.4 vs. 3.3%, p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, an elevated 1-hour GCT (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 4.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.02–6.81), first-trimester BMI ≥30 kg/m2 in the index pregnancy (aOR: 3.10, 95% CI: 2.03–4.71), Asian race (aOR: 2.96, 95% CI: 1.70–5.12), Hispanic ethnicity (aOR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.12–4.00), and increasing age (aOR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02–1.12) were significantly associated with an increased risk of GDM in the subsequent pregnancy.

Conclusion An elevated 1-hour GCT in a nondiabetic index pregnancy is associated with a fourfold increased risk of GDM in a subsequent pregnancy.

Key Points
Public Health News Appraisal: An Approach to Content Analysis of News Article on Public Health
Authors: Patel Mehul , Bhardwaj Pankaj , Saxena Deepak , Joshi Nitin , Kumar Nitesh , Singh Kuldeep , Gaidhane Abhay , Zahiruddin Quazi Syed , Jain Yogesh
Published: May 2021

Public Health News Appraisal (PHNA) is a systematic process and an important skill to be mastered by public health trainees by which the strengths, weaknesses, and validity of a news article can be identified. This process helps trainees to identify usefulness of news, recognize any potential for bias, and ascertain whether the news is trustworthy. Trainees can assess whether the news article successfully communicates the intended message to reader. PHNA checklist with 18 questions was designed to help students to achieve this objective. Responses of most of the questions in this checklist are in the form of yes, no, and can't tell. The articles can be categorized and analyzed based on the comparative PHNA score.
Evaluation of the Neuroprotective Effect of Pycnogenol in a Hypoxic–Ischemic Brain Injury Model in Newborn Rats
Authors: Çolak Ruya , Celik Aslı , Diniz Gulden , Alkan Özdemir Senem , Yilmaz Osman , Calkavur Sebnem
Published: May 2021

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Pycnogenol (PYC) and its antioxidant and antiapoptotic effect in an experimental hypoxic–ischemic (HI) rat model.

Study Design A total of 24 Wistar albino rats who were on the seventh postnatal day were divided into three groups with developed HI brain injury model under the sevoflurane anesthesia: 40 mg/kg PYC was given to Group A, saline was given to Group B, and the sham group was Group C. Neuronal apoptosis was investigated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling and immunohistochemically stained manually with primer antibodies of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β.

Results The neuronal cell injury was statistically lower in the PYC treatment group.

Conclusion This is the first study that investigates the role of PYC in the HI brain injury model. PYC reduces apoptosis and neuronal injury in the cerebral tissue of the rats. PYC may be a protective agent against hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy.

Key Points
Safety of Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Pituitary Surgery during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Comparison to the Pre-Pandemic Era
Authors: Amarouche Meriem , Rashid Samin , Eraifej John , Borg Anouk , Halliday Jane , Warner Orlando J. , Cudlip Simon A.
Published: May 2021

Objective The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant disruption to the surgical care of patients with pituitary tumors. Guidance issued early during the pandemic suggested avoiding transnasal approaches to minimize risks of transmitting COVID-19 to health care professionals involved in these procedures.

Methods This observational, single-center study compares results of endoscopic transsphenoidal approach (TSA) for pituitary tumors since the start of the pandemic to a pre-pandemic period. Anesthetic time, surgical time, and complication rates were compared. Newly acquired COVID-19 infections and transmission rates to patients and staff were reviewed. Data were analyzed by using the independent t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, and Pearson Chi-square test, significance set at p <0.05.

Results Over a 12-month period, a total of 50 and 69 patients underwent endoscopic TSA for pituitary tumor during and before the pandemic, respectively. All patients tested negative for COVID-19 preoperatively. Median duration of anesthesia was 35 minutes (interquartile range [IQR]: 22) during the pandemic and 25 minutes (IQR: 8, p = 0.0002) pre-pandemic. Median duration of surgery was 70 minutes (IQR: 28) during the pandemic and 79 minutes (IQR: 33.75, p = 0.126) pre-pandemic. There were no statistically significant differences between intraoperative CSF leaks and complication rates. No staff members tested positive for COVID-19. Three patients tested positive for COVID-19 postdischarge, but the infections were community acquired.

Conclusion In contrast to published guidelines, adequate preoperative testing, a multidisciplinary approach and the implementation of standardized protocols and vaccination against COVID-19 allow for endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery to be performed safely in patients with pituitary pathology during the pandemic.