bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation facilitators and barriers of stress first aid to protect mental health of frontline health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study
Authors: Huilgol Shreya S. , Dong Lu , Qureshi Nabeel , Bouskill Kathryn , Meredith Lisa S. , Gidengil Courtney
Published: November 2024

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has taken a toll on frontline health care workers (HCWs), leading to poor mental and physical well-being. We conducted a large, cluster randomized controlled trial to implement an adapted Stress First Aid (SFA) intervention to support HCW well-being using a train-the-trainer (TTT) approach for rapid deployment in the United States and collected qualitative data through interviews to understand implementation. The goal of this study is to understand barriers and facilitators to deploying SFA using a TTT model, with particular emphasis on the acceptability, uptake, and barriers from the implementation.

Methods

We conducted seven individual and seven group semi-structured qualitative interviews with 28 trainers (i.e., site champions) who delivered SFA training to their local HCWs from Spring 2021 to Winter 2022 in hospitals and health care centers within the United States. We utilized both inductive and deductive approaches to coding transcripts. All transcripts were coded in Dedoose. We used the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to rigorously assess implementation experiences.

Results

Site champions highlighted leadership buy-in, protected time and incentives, and teams as implementation facilitators, while implementation barriers included unhelpful training materials and content, time constraints and scheduling difficulties, and pandemic-related factors, such as COVID-19 surges. SFA implementation processes varied: some champions had virtual SFA presentations, while others held informal discussions about SFA material in person. Champions also differed on their perceptions of SFA sustainability: some indicated it would be difficult to sustain SFA in their organization due to limited structure and time, while others stated they would continue to utilize it.

Conclusion

Limited research has examined the implementation of HCW well-being interventions using a TTT approach in a changing environment. Site champions were able to implement SFA during a period of rapid and frequent change and shared several implementation facilitators and barriers related to the SFA intervention. In the future, addressing the implementation barriers proactively and prioritizing the implementation facilitators may prove to be useful for large-scale interventions implemented during disease outbreaks and pandemics.
Effects of a national checklist on recommended procedures among patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Snilsberg Øyvind , Iversen Tor , Jenum Anne Karen , Zhang Yuting
Published: November 2024

Background

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a common, potentially disabling, and costly chronic condition that requires consistent management. In 2008, Norway introduced a national checklist outlining services to include in an annual T2D exam, along with a reimbursement code for general practitioners (GPs) to bill upon completing it. This study investigates whether GP adoption of the checklist improves adherence to recommended services for T2D patients.

Methods

To investigate the impact of GP checklist adoption, we use Norwegian registry data from 2006 to 2021 and apply two difference-in-differences (DID) methods that account for staggered adoption timing: the two-way fixed effects (TWFE) estimator and Callaway and Sant’Anna’s DID method for variation in exposure timing (CSDID) (Callaway B. et al., J Econom 225:200–30, 2021).

Results

We find that installing the electronic form has modest effects on the use of some recommended procedures.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that using the electronic form can have a positive effect on recommended services. However, the modest impact indicates that installing the form does not necessarily translate into its active regular use.
Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of the persian version of the functional assessment scale for acute hamstring injuries
Authors: Hadadi Mohammad , Haghighat Farzaneh
Published: November 2024

Background

The Functional Assessment Scale for Acute Hamstring Injuries (FASH) which measure symptom’s severity and impact on physical activity and sports ability in individuals with acute hamstring muscle injury, is not available in Persian. The aim of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the FASH questionnaire to Persian and to assess the psychometric properties of the translated version.

Methods

The Persian-translation and cross-cultural adaptation processes were based on World Health Organization method. A total of 160 participants compromising of four groups: (1) acute hamstring injury (N = 40), (2) other lower extremity injury (N = 40), (3) risk of acute injury (N = 40), and (4) healthy control (N = 40) were recruited to complete the Persian version of FASH (FASH-P) questionnaire twice with an interval of 48–60 h. The Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) were used to assess the criterion validity. Test-retest reliability, internal consistency, criterion validity, Dimensionality and floor/ceiling effects were evaluated to assess the FASH-P psychometric properties.

Results

The FASH questionnaire were translated to Persian without any major problems. The FASH-P showed excellent power of differentiation because the scores were significantly different among the four groups. Regarding psychometric performances, excellent test–retest reliability (Intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.997) and a high level of internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha of 0.966) were observed. The FASH-P total score was significantly correlated with SF-36 and LEFS questionnaires representing an excellent criterion validity. No floor or ceiling effect were found for total score in Hamstring muscle injury group.

Conclusions

Due to the excellent psychometric performance, the FASH-P can be used as a reliable and valid tool for evaluating the severity of symptoms and sports ability in Persian-speaking patients with hamstring muscle injury.
Characterization of novel small molecule inhibitors of estrogen receptor-activation function 2 (ER-AF2)
Authors: Foo Jane , Gentile Francesco , Massah Shabnam , Morin Helene , Singh Kriti , Lee Joseph , Smith Jason , Ban Fuqiang , LeBlanc Eric , Young Robert , Strynadka Natalie , Lallous Nada , Cherkasov Artem
Published: November 2024

Up to 40% of patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer will develop resistance against the majority of current ER-directed therapies. Resistance can arise through various mechanisms such as increased expression levels of coregulators, and key mutations acquired in the receptor’s ligand binding domain rendering it constitutively active. To overcome these resistance mechanisms, we explored targeting the ER Activation Function 2 (AF2) site, which is essential for coactivator binding and activation. Using artificial intelligence and the deep docking methodology, we virtually screened > 1 billion small molecules and identified 290 potential AF2 binders that were then characterized and validated through an iterative screening pipeline of cell-based and cell-free assays. We ranked the compounds based on their ability to reduce the transcriptional activity of the estrogen receptor and the viability of ER-positive breast cancer cells. We identified a lead compound, VPC-260724, which inhibits ER activity at low micromolar range. We confirmed its direct binding to the ER-AF2 site through a PGC1α peptide displacement experiment. Using proximity ligation assays, we showed that VPC-260724 disrupts the interaction between ER-AF2 and the coactivator SRC-3 and reduces the expression of ER target genes in various breast cancer models including the tamoxifen resistant cell line TamR3. In conclusion, we developed a novel ER-AF2 binder, VPC-260724, which shows antiproliferative activity in ER-positive breast cancer models. The use of an ER-AF2 inhibitor in combination with current treatments may provide a novel complementary therapeutic approach to target treatment resistance in ER-positive breast cancer.
A case report of type II Floyd tracheal agenesis with staged tracheal and alimentary reconstructions
Authors: Tani Yukiko , Murase Naruhiko , Kato Takazumi
Published: November 2024

Background

Tracheal agenesis is a rare and lethal congenital airway anomaly. In particular, very few patients with type II Floyd tracheal agenesis experience long-term survival. We present the case of a male infant who was diagnosed with type II disease, underwent staged reconstruction and was discharged home with a tolerance for oral intake.

Case presentation

The patient was delivered via emergency cesarean section at 33 week gestation due to fetal distress. Initial attempts to intubate the trachea failed, but ventilation was successfully achieved through esophageal intubation, prompting suspicion of tracheal agenesis with a tracheoesophageal fistula. The diagnosis was confirmed via CT and laryngoesophagoscopy. On the same day, abdominal esophageal banding and gastrostomy were performed. For long-term management, staged operations, including pseudotracheostomy, internal and external stenting of the trachealized esophagus, and reconstruction of the alimentary tract, were performed. Despite being discharged home with a tolerance for oral intake, the patient experienced cardiac arrest at 41 months due to tracheal tube displacement.

Conclusions

Early detection of tracheal agenesis in postnatal patients experiencing respiratory distress is crucial. Type II Floyd tracheal agenesis remains challenging because of the absence of a trachea and the narrow diameter of the tracheoesophageal fistula.
Exploring the role of spectral Doppler in acute appendicitis
Authors: Saini Shubham , Mittal M. K. , Kanaujia Reeta , Jain Swarna Gupta , Chejara Rajkumar
Published: November 2024

Background

This study evaluated the role of spectral Doppler in acute appendicitis. The aim of the study was to find out whether spectral Doppler parameters (PSV and RI) have any useful application in diagnosing acute appendicitis as an adjunct to grayscale sonography.

Method

All clinically suspected appendicitis patients in whom the spectral Doppler signal could be obtained were enrolled in the study (N = 40). Non-angle-corrected PSV and RI were measured from the intramuscular artery. The final diagnosis of appendicitis was done either on histopathology or clinical follow-up. ROC analysis was done to find the diagnostic performance of PSV and RI and to define the cutoff values to diagnose appendicitis. The cutoff value for peak systolic velocity (PSV) and resistivity index (RI) that would help in the diagnosis of appendiceal inflammation were calculated. Its diagnostic performance was also studied in the borderline category (appendix diameter 6-8 mm).

Results

The mean PSV in appendicitis was 19.21 cm/s, while the mean RI was 0.68. In the group without appendicitis, the mean PSV was 14.15 cm/s, while the mean RI was 0.56. The mean PSV showed a significant difference (p 0.009) in patients with and without appendicitis. These cutoff values obtained had an NPV of 87.5% (PSV) and 83.3% (RI) in the borderline category. The cutoff PSV obtained from ROC curve analysis was 11.8 cm/s with a sensitivity of 93.8%, specificity of 54.2%, PPV of 57.7%, NPV of 92.9%, and a diagnostic accuracy of 70%. The cutoff RI value obtained from ROC curve analysis was 0.56 with a sensitivity of 81.2%, specificity of 58.3%, PPV of 56.5%, NPV of 82.4%, and a diagnostic accuracy of 67.5%. On applying these cutoff values in patients with borderline appendix diameter (6–8 mm), PSV predicted appendicitis with a sensitivity of 50%, specificity of 58.3%, PPV of 16.7%, NPV of 87.5%, and a diagnostic accuracy of 57.1%. The cutoff value of RI predicted appendicitis in the borderline category with a sensitivity of 50%, specificity of 41.7%, PPV of 12.5%, and NPV of 83.3%. RI had 42.9% diagnostic accuracy.

Conclusions

Spectral Doppler parameters may have a useful role in distinguishing between patients with and without appendicitis, demonstrating statistically significant differences in PSV and RI between the two groups. The cutoff PSV had high sensitivity and specificity and proved to be a better indicator than even the maximum outer diameter to exclude appendicitis. The cutoff criteria for PSV also correctly predicted the absence of appendicitis in the borderline category.
Development, Validation, and Clinical Utility of Electronic Patient-Reported Outcome Measure-Enhanced Prediction Models for Overall Survival in Patients With Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Receiving Immunotherapy
Authors: Liao Kuan , van der Veer Sabine N. , Gomes Fabio , Faivre-Finn Corinne , Yorke Janelle , Sperrin Matthew
Published: November 2024

PURPOSE

Electronic patient-reported outcome measures (ePROMs) are increasingly collected routinely in clinical practice and may be prognostic for survival in adults with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in addition to clinical data. This study developed ePROM-enhanced models for predicting 1-year overall survival in patients with advanced NSCLC at the start of immunotherapy.

METHODS

This is a single-center study using consecutive patients from a tertiary cancer hospital in England. Using Cox proportional hazards models, we developed one clinical factor–only model and three ePROM-enhanced models, each including one of the following factors: quality of life (as measured by EuroQoL five-dimension five-level utility score) and overall symptom burden and number of moderate-to-severe symptoms (as measured by patient-reported version of Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events). Predictive performance was evaluated and compared through bootstrapping internal validation, and clinical utility was determined via decision curve analysis.

RESULTS

The clinical factor–only model contained age, histology, performance status, and neutrophile-to-lymphocyte ratio. While calibration was similar between the clinical factor–only and ePROM-enhanced models, the latter showed improved discrimination by 0.020 (95% CI, 0.011 to 0.024), 0.024 (95% CI, 0.016 to 0.031), and 0.024 (95% CI, 0.014 to 0.029) when enhanced with ePROMs on quality of life, overall symptom burden, and number of moderate-to-severe symptoms, respectively. If care decisions are to be made at risk thresholds between 25% and 75%, the ePROM-enhanced models led to higher net benefit than the clinical factor–only model and the default strategies of intervention for all and intervention for none.

CONCLUSION

The ePROM-enhanced models outperformed the clinical factor–only model in predicting 1-year overall survival for patients with advanced NSCLC receiving immunotherapy and showed potential clinical utility for informing decisions in this population. Future studies should focus on validating the models in external data sets.
Occupation as Critique: Left-Wing Student Organizing in Frankfurt and San Diego, 1969
Authors: Sebastian Cecilia
Published: November 2024

This article offers a transatlantic student perspective on the theory-practice debate at the center of Theodor Adorno and Herbert Marcuse’s 1969 correspondence, famously bookended by the occupation of the Institute for Social Research in January and Adorno’s death in August. Noting that there were not one but two student occupations that occurred during this period, with Marcuse supporting the second led by Black and Chicanx students at the University of California, San Diego, it undertakes a comparative reading of the insights and activities of the self-named Spartacus Department in Frankfurt and Lumumba-Zapata College in San Diego. It first recovers a multidimensional critique of the role of the postwar university in advancing capital accumulation and entrenching racial segregation—twinned processes that students recognized as posing an existential threat to the exercise of critical thinking within the university. It then argues that the Spartacus Department’s and Lumumba-Zapata College’s mutual attempts to occupy and refigure corners of the accredited university as sites of horizontal teaching and learning encode the missing theory of organization in the Frankfurt School’s corpus. By recentering the insights and motivations of these two campaigns and two of the students who led them, Angela Davis and Hans-Jürgen Krahl, this article illuminates a path for a more political iteration of Critical Theory after 1969.
Ernst Jünger, Theodor Adorno, and the Idea of Natural History
Authors: McCann Andrew
Published: November 2024

This essay sets out an approach to Theodor Adorno’s rearticulation of the idea of natural history that foregrounds the undecidable relationship between symbol and allegory. This relationship is the structural condition of Ernst Jünger’s writing, from his protofascist journalism of the 1920s through to his postwar work, in which anthropocentric visions of world history are based on perishable symbolic identifications. As this becomes an increasingly prominent part of his thinking, he radicalizes the concept of natural history and, in the idea of planetary history superseding world history, anticipates some of the most topical contemporary work in the environmental humanities.
Johannes Schaaf’s Tätowierung (Tattoo, 1967), West German Cinema around 1968, and the Joys of Violence; or, The Forgotten Case of the “Aesthetic Left”
Authors: Abel Marco
Published: November 2024

Focusing on Johannes Schaaf’s neglected film Tätowierung (Tattoo, 1967), this essay revisits a film-theoretical and film-political debate in West Germany around 1968 that involved a conflict between the so-called political Left and the aesthetic Left. Attending to the kinds of violence around which the film is structured, the essay hypothesizes that the film, which was well received on its release, diagnosed emerging political developments in remarkably prescient ways that nevertheless remained opaque to the political Left but that, ironically, the allegedly apolitical aesthetic Left affectively sensed and gave expression to at the level of both film criticism and filmmaking. Attending more closely to this film, largely ignored by German film historiography, might be useful for addressing the question of what left politics—and filmmaking—was, and what it is today.
Oceanic Curating
Authors: Syperek Pandora , Wade Sarah
Published: November 2024

Oceans have proliferated in artworks and exhibitions in recent years, coinciding with a surge of scholarship in the blue humanities and critical ocean studies. However, despite the extensive art history of the sea, artistic and curatorial knowledge has been relatively underrepresented within marine explorations in the environmental humanities. Meanwhile, an abundance of curatorial projects that take the sea as a subject forms a rich repository of innovative thought and practice, pioneering in both oceanic content and methods. This article examines the various curatorial strategies deployed and critiqued in recent exhibitions, drawing on the authors’ long-term research project Curating the Sea, which has involved both primary art historical research and collaborations with curators of art and natural history as well as contemporary artists. Here the authors chart a shift from the display of contemporary marine-themed “cabinets of curiosity” toward more localized and politicized curatorial responses, from awe in the face of the aquatic sublime toward commitment to interdisciplinary and multispecies collaboration. They argue for curatorial practice’s unique capacity to respond to the plurality of oceans and their communities, histories, geographies, and ecologies, demonstrating that such activity does not merely reflect but itself constitutes recent oceanic cultural and theoretical currents.
Climate Cattle
Authors: Searle Adam , Turnbull Jonathon , Oliver Catherine
Published: November 2024

Scientific measurement and prediction tools have highlighted the significant greenhouse gas contributions of farmed animals, particularly dairy and meat cows. Emergent analysis and associated political discourse have refigured narratives of blame for the contemporary climate crisis, influencing international policy and inspiring a range of technological and economic fixes to construct “climate cattle” as keystone species for a “good Anthropocene.” Interventions are centered on bovine metabolisms at different spatial and temporal scales; they include the use of feed supplements that inhibit methane production in bovine rumens during digestion, and selective breeding or genetic engineering for the breeding of future-ready low-methane cows. In these bovine “technofix” solutions, the global scale is invoked to drive metabolic interventions at multiple smaller scales including individual cows, their microbiomes, and their genomes. Research, however, suggests that these interventions do not neatly scale back up as invoked by those deploying them for climate-related ends. Rather, the global scale functions discursively to incentivize bovine metabolic intervention, influence agricultural policies, and draw investment into ecomodernist visions of “good cows for a good Anthropocene.” Through examining how cows figure as both problems and solutions through metabolic interventions, this article traces the importance of, and issues with, scale in contemporary environmental governance.
A Tentative Tangling of Tendrils
Authors: Klier Gabriela , Vaccari Andrés
Published: November 2024

This article carries out a diffractive reading of Kurt Vonnegut through the writings of Donna Haraway. Vonnegut and Haraway never read each other, yet this essay argues that they are kindred spirits, or oddkin. Both authors challenge the distinction between theory and fiction in their practice. The approach of Vonnegut’s work from the perspective of Haraway’s is through the polysemic notion of SF and her diagnosis of the “trouble.” The reading has two parts. First, it focuses on Vonnegut’s diagnosis of the trouble, leading deep into the military-industrial-entertainment complex with its machines, engineers, cyborgs, monsters, and wars. Second, in line with Haraway’s notion of SF, it analyses Vonnegut’s creation of new worldings centered on an understanding of life as sympoietic. In Vonnegut’s fiction, the deeply relational nature of life is expressed in a range of speculative settings, both terrestrial and extraterrestrial. To stay with the trouble means developing other social arrangements based on new sensibilities and forms of perception. Vonnegut and Haraway share a common vision centered on a relational and monstrous understanding of life that leads, in turn, to an ethics of care that bridges the barriers and enables associations of humans and nonhumans.
The Many Care Worlds a Butterfly Crosses
Authors: González-Duarte Columba
Published: November 2024

This article explores the theme of heroes and villains in relation to the conservation of the North American monarch butterfly. The monarch butterfly is a migratory insect that performs an annual four-thousand-kilometer journey across Canada, the United States, and Mexico. Through its travels, the at-risk insect connects and disconnects humans, revealing tensions between the different actors participating in its survival across its North-South geographies. In the North, conservation relies on the voluntary care work of butterfly amateurs who recreate monarch habitat, rear and care for the insect at home, and contribute economically and affectively to habitat protection. In the South, the conservation model is experienced by Indigenous and mestizo communities as a top-down imposition restricting their traditional livelihoods. Residents of the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve contest their framing as nature trespassers, while they carry the political, affective, and physical labor of conserving a disappearing insect. They too care for this butterfly but with an emphasis on its forest relations. Based on ethnographic data collected among these two often-opposed conservation communities, this article explores the ontological questions raised by these hero and villain dynamics around radically different ideas of what caring for this butterfly means. The exploration of one insect and two care worlds intersects with the “one planet, many worlds” debate in a colonial context. By examining the tensions between these opposed care worlds, the essay illustrates how a disappearing butterfly constitutes and confronts distinct perceptions of the urgency of caring for nature.
In Search of Fire Villains
Authors: Schreer Viola
Published: November 2024

This article examines the relationship between willful blindness and structures of blame by exploring how Ngaju Dayak villagers in Indonesia’s province of Central Kalimantan deal with the discourses, knowledge, and politics of blame that have emerged around the region’s recurrent peat fires. Since these fires cause regional air pollution, detrimental health effects, tremendous economic costs, and environmental impact on a global scale, the search for fire villains takes center stage. However, as this article shows, the causes of fires are basically unknowable. Not only do the fires’ pyrogenic agencies and temporal and scalar complexities stymie knowing, but knowing involves risks. This puts ignorance at the heart of this Anthropocenic blight, with diverse actors engaging in willful blindness to attribute blame and avoid responsibility in order to live with the fires and the epistemic and political-economic structures bound up with them. Willful blindness, it is thus argued, is a core element of structures of blame. However, given that nonhuman entities are drawn into these circuits of blame and unknowing, an analysis of willful blindness and its dynamics needs to actively reckon with these nonhuman actors.
Perioperative Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Agonist Use and Rates of Pseudarthrosis After Single-Level Lumbar Fusion: A Large Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Agrawal Vedant , Amasa Saketh , Karabacak Mert , Margetis Konstantinos
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Pseudarthrosis is a common surgical complication after arthrodesis and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. The association between glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist use and pseudarthrosis is yet to be explored. This study aims to examine the association of GLP-1 agonists with rates of pseudarthrosis in patients undergoing single-level lumbar fusion.

METHODS:

This national multicenter cohort study used data spanning from June 19, 2010, to June 19, 2024, from the global health network TriNetX. One-to-one propensity score matching for age, sex, race, comorbidities, body mass index, and A1c was conducted to balance cohorts. The rates of pseudarthrosis were then assessed within the 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year postsurgical follow-up periods.

RESULTS:

A total of 37 147 patients who underwent single-level lumbar fusion (mean [SD] age, 59.3 [13.5] years; 47.7% men and 52.3% women) were enrolled in the study. Among these, 712 individuals (1.9%) were identified as GLP-1 agonist users. After propensity score matching, there were 709 patients in each cohort. Patients who took a GLP-1 agonist had lower odds of developing pseudarthrosis 6 months [odds ratio (OR): 0.70, 95% CI: 0.51-0.96], 1 year [OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.50-0.91], and 2 years (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.50-0.91) after a posterior lumbar interbody fusion/transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion procedure.

CONCLUSION:

In this cohort study, patients who were prescribed GLP-1 agonists in the perioperative period had reduced rates of pseudarthrosis compared with patients without GLP-1 agonist prescriptions. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic benefit of GLP-1 agonists in enhancing spinal fusion outcomes and warrant further prospective studies to confirm these results and explore the underlying mechanisms.
The Impact of Criminal Financial Sanctions: A Multistate Analysis of Survey and Administrative Data
Authors: Finlay Keith , Gross Matthew , Lieberman Carl , Luh Elizabeth , Mueller-Smith Michael
Published: November 2024

We estimate the impact of financial sanctions in the US criminal justice system, leveraging nine natural experiments in a regression discontinuity design framework across a diverse range of enforcement levels ($17–$6,000) and institutional environments. We leverage survey and administrative data to consider a variety of short- and long-term outcomes, including employment, recidivism, household expenditures, and other self-reported measures of well-being. We find robust evidence of precise null effects, including ruling out long-run impacts larger than −$391–$142 in annual earnings and −0.001–0.01 in annual convictions, with no corresponding payment increases despite salient and heterogeneous enforcement mechanisms. (JEL G51, H76, J31, K14, K41, K42)
On the Equilibrium Properties of Spatial Models
Authors: Allen Treb , Arkolakis Costas , Li Xiangliang
Published: November 2024

We consider a broad class of spatial models where there are many types of interactions across a large number of locations. We provide a new theorem that offers an iterative algorithm for calculating an equilibrium and sufficient and “globally necessary” conditions under which the equilibrium is unique. We show how this theorem enables the characterization of equilibrium properties for one important spatial system: an urban model with spillovers across a large number of different types of agents. An online appendix provides 12 additional examples of both spatial and nonspatial economic frameworks for which our theorem provides new equilibrium characterizations. (JEL C21, R15, R23)
Η παρουσία της ζωγραφικής από το 14ο αιώνα ως τη σύγχρονη εποχή στα τρέχοντα σχολικά εγχειρίδια των φιλολογικών μαθημάτων της γενικής δευτεροβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης
Authors: Πετρίδου Μαρία
Published: November 2024

Η παρούσα διατριβή εντάσσεται στο πλαίσιο της έρευνας του σχολικού βιβλίου και βασίζεται μεθοδολογικά στις αρχές της ανάλυσης περιεχομένου. Βασικός στόχος της είναι να αναδειχθεί η τέχνη των σχολικών βιβλίων ως παιδαγωγικό μέσο και μαθησιακό εργαλείο, όπως και οι τρόποι αξιοποίησής της στην εκπαιδευτική διαδικασία. Ως αντικείμενο μελέτης, ορίστηκε το σύνολο των ζωγραφικών έργων που περιλαμβάνονται στα βασικά εγχειρίδια των φιλολογικών μαθημάτων (Αρχαία Ελληνική Γλώσσα, Νεοελληνική Γλώσσα, Νεοελληνική Λογοτεχνία, Ιστορία, Φιλοσοφία, Λατινικά) της Γενικής Δευτεροβάθμιας Εκπαίδευσης. Το ερευνητικό μέρος της διδακτορικής διατριβής πραγματοποιήθηκε με συγκερασμό ποσοτικών και ποιοτικών εργαλείων έρευνας. Τα αποτελέσματα καταδεικνύουν ένα πλήθος συμπερασμάτων που προβάλλουν τη ζωγραφική των σχολικών βιβλίων ως εφικτό και αποτελεσματικό μέσο επικοινωνίας, καθώς και τον πολυεπίπεδο ρόλο της μέσα από τις επιμέρους μαθησιακές λειτουργίες της, με σκοπό την ενθάρρυνση του κριτικού στοχασμού και της δημιουργικής σκέψης, η οποία συμβάλλει με τη σειρά της στην ολόπλευρη ανάπτυξη των μαθητών/τριών.
Socio-economic mobility in Greece and the role of education
Authors: Κιτσολέρης Γεώργιος
Published: November 2024

Σκοπός αυτής της μελέτης είναι να διερευνήσει την κοινωνική κινητικότητα στην Ελλάδα διαχρονικά και σε ποιο βαθμό διαφορετικές διαστάσεις κοινωνικής κινητικότητας έχουν επηρεαστεί από την εκπαίδευση. Τα κύρια ερευνητικά ερωτήματα είναι να εξεταστούν τα δεδομένα εισοδήματος, επαγγέλματος και εκπαίδευσης στην Ελλάδα προκειμένου να μετρηθεί η κοινωνική κινητικότητα σε μια μακροχρόνια περίοδο και ο αντίκτυπος της πρόσφατης οικονομικής κρίσης. Επιπλέον, να διερευνηθεί εάν η κοινωνική κινητικότητα ακολουθεί συγκεκριμένα πρότυπα σε διαφορετικές διαστάσεις και να προσδιοριστούν τα εμπόδια στην κοινωνική κινητικότητα καθώς και η σημασία του μορφωτικού υποβάθρου (δημιουργία αιτιώδους σχέσης μεταξύ των δεικτών και της εκπαίδευσης). Τέλος, να εξαχθούν χρήσιμα συμπεράσματα που να μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν από τους υπεύθυνους χάραξης πολιτικής για την αύξηση της κοινωνικής κινητικότητας, ιδίως με την σωστή κατανόηση του ρόλου της εκπαίδευσης. Η διατριβή χωρίζεται σε τρία κεφάλαια. Κάθε υποκεφάλαιο προσπαθεί να απαντήσει σε πρόσθετα ερευνητικά ερωτήματα που προέκυψαν από την κάθε διάσταση και την υπάρχουσα έρευνα/βιβλιογραφία. Η προτεινόμενη ερευνητική μεθοδολογία περιλαμβάνει δευτερογενή ανάλυση δεδομένων (περιγραφική και συμπερασματική στατιστική), ανάλυση μικροδεδομένων με οικονομετρικές μεθόδους, ποσοτική διερεύνηση μέσω έρευνας ερωτηματολογίου. Από όσο γνωρίζουμε, έχει διεξαχθεί πολύ περιορισμένη εμπειρική έρευνα σχετικά με όλες τις πτυχές της κοινωνικής κινητικότητας στην Ελλάδα. Αυτή είναι η κύρια συμβολή της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας.
MICROCLONAL REPRODUCTION OF EDIBLE HONEYSUCKLE AND ITS VEGETATIVE DEVELOPMENT IN VITRO CONDITIONS
Authors: Abramova Galina , Salihova Zifa , Abramov Aleksandr
Published: November 2024

Honeysuckle (Lonicera edulis) is a valuable plant with extreme early maturity - its fruits ripen 7-10 days earlier than strawberries in the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan. Currently, there is a great demand for seedlings of fruit and berry crops in Russia. This is due to the increase in areas in industrial, homestead and collective gardening. Having conducted statistics on agricultural mortgages, we identified a huge trend for families to return to private homesteads. Therefore, clonal micropropagation is the most effective method for obtaining a large amount of high-quality planting material to create not only industrial plantings, but also to provide the population with standard seedlings. At the stage of introduction into the culture in vitro, effective sterilization modes were selected, and at the stage of reproduction, the further development of micro plants in the culture was studied. During the rooting process, two varieties of edible honeysuckle were observed and the effect of auxin on root formation and growth of the above-ground part of the plant was studied. The most viable sterile explants were observed with successive sterilization in solutions of 0.1% KMnO4 (3 min), 7.5% "Belizna" (7 min) and 0.01% Miramistin (1 min). The yield of sterile explants in this case averaged 69.8%. The best results were obtained with the Assol variety with an above-ground part growth of 6.3 cm and root system formation of 19.6 cm. At the fourth stage of "Adaptation", no varietal differences in survival were found. Both varieties of edible honeysuckle (Peter 1 and Assol) showed high survival rates.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE USE OF BIOPREPARATIONS BASED ON VARIOUS ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA OF THE GENUS BACILLUS ON PHYTOPATHOGENIC MICROMYCETES AND PRODUCTIVITY OF SPRING WHEAT
Authors: Abramova Arina , Safin Radik
Published: November 2024

The studies were conducted to assess the effect of using two biological biopreparations based on endophytic bacteria on phytopathogenic fungi and the productivity of spring wheat of the Ulyanovskaya 105 variety. The studies were carried out in years with both favorable (2020, 2022) and extremely dry (2021) moisture conditions during the growing season. Field experiments were laid on highly fertile gray forest soil in the Predkama zone of the Republic of Tatarstan. Bacillus monojavensis PS17 (endophytic seed bacterium) and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RECB-95 (endophytic root and stem bacterium) bacteria were used as biological agents. Biopreparations based on these bacteria were used for seed treatment (rate of 1 l/t) and for spraying plants in the heading phase (1.0 l/ha). The control variant was without any treatments, and the standard was the scheme using chemical fungicides (seed treatment with Lamador (0.2 l/t), spraying with PropiShans (0.5 l/ha)). In laboratory conditions, high fungicidal activity of Bacillus mojavensis PS17 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RECB-95 against Fusarium fungi was found. An advantage of using Bacillus amyloligurosine RECB-95 when treating spring wheat seeds in suppressing Fusarium infection in the soil of the root zone of plants was found. Both strains, when treated with seeds, suppressed the development of Cochliobolus sativus in the soil of the root zone of wheat plants. The most effective control of root rot at the early stages of spring wheat plant development was ensured by using the scheme with seed treatment with Bacillus mojavensis PS17. The use of biopreparations based on endophytic bacteria reduced the development of leaf mycoses of spring wheat, and no significant differences were noted between strains in terms of disease control efficiency. The strongest positive effect on the yield of spring wheat was exerted by the use of biopreparations based on endophytic bacteria under conditions of an extremely dry vegetation period. The maximum yield of spring wheat was ensured by the biological protection scheme with the endophytic bacterium of wheat seeds Bacillus mojavensis PS17.
THE INFLUENCE OF AGROTECHNICAL METHODS OF POTATO CULTIVATION ON PRODUCTIVITY AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
Authors: Shaykhutdinov Farit , Serzhanov Igor , Egorov Leonid , Garaev Razil , Davletov Kamil'
Published: November 2024

Scientific research in 2022-2023. In order to determine the actions of agrotechnical practices with further identification of priority measures to increase climate productivity and economic efficiency in the conditions of the Predkamsk and Trans-Kama zones of the Republic of Tatarstan. Field experiments were carried out on gray-forest heavy loamy soils of the experimental field of the Kazan State Agrarian University and leached chernozem soils of medium loamy granulometric composition in the crop rotation of the peasant farm "Davletov N.G." Mzylinsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. In accordance with the objectives of the research, a two–factor experiment scheme was chosen: factor (A) – irrigation in the budding phase, first watering and tuberization - two irrigations with an interval of 12 days, factor (B) – nutrition background: without fertilizers (control); N60P60K90 kg of d.v. per ha; N60P60K90 + 60 tons of manure per ha ga . On average, over 2 years in the experimental field "Agrobiotechnopark" of the Kazan State Agrarian University, on a natural background of nutrition from the use of irrigation, the yield increase amounted to 5,9 tons of tubers per hectare compared with the option without artificial sprinkling, and in combination with the introduction of N60P60K90 per hectare, the yield increase was 39% more compared with the control. The maximum yield increase of 11,2 t/ha was provided by the option using sprinkling and with the addition of N60P60K900 + 60 tons of manure per hectare. In bogar, the yield increase from the application of only mineral fertilizers (N60P60K90) amounted to 1,9 t/ha, and in combination with organic matter (60 tons of manure per 1 ha) – 4,7 t/ha. The average data for 2 years in the conditions of the farm "Davletov N.G." revealed the advantage of joint application of mineral fertilizers with organic matter during irrigation. The increase in yield relative to the control was 15,5 tons of tubers per 1 ha. In the conditions of gray forest soils of the Ancestral region of the Republic of Tatarstan. The largest net income from 1 ha is 232,8 thousand. rubles, with the lowest cost of 1 ton of potato tubers – 4516 rubles, the highest level of profitability – 165,7% was achieved on the variant N60P60K90 + 60 tons of manure per 1 ha with artificial sprinkling. In the conditions of chernozem soils of the Transcamian region of the Republic of Tatarstan, where the farm "Davletov N.G." is located, the maximum net income of 334,9 thousand rubles /ha with a profitability level of 234,6% was also achieved on the variant when applying N60P60K90 + 60 tons of manure per 1 ha during irrigation.
The share of influence of various factors on the level of milk productivity of cows with different genotypes of CSN3 and DGAT1
Authors: Shaydullin Radik , Ganiev Almaz
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the degree and reliability of the influence of various factors on milk yield in cows with different genotypes of the kappa-casein and diacetylglycerol O-acetyltransferase genes. The object of the study was black-and-white first-calf heifers, from which venous blood samples were taken and DNA samples were isolated. DNA extraction was performed using the Magnosorb kit (Interlabservice, Moscow) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The CSN3 and DGAT1 genotypes were determined using the PCR-RFLP method. The studies have established that the influence of maternal milk yield (η2 = 24.9%; P < 0.01), service period duration (η2 = 37.3%; P < 0.001) and live weight (η2 = 46.1%; P < 0.001) on milk yield was highest and most significant in first-calf heifers with the CSN3 AB genotype, while these indicators were lower in cows with the CSN3 AA genotype - 24.0% (P < 0.001), 32.6% (P < 0.001) and 6.1%, respectively. The highest and most reliable influence on the milk yield of first-calf heifers with the DGAT1 AA and DGAT1 AK genotype was exerted by the duration of the service period (η2 = 32.4-36.7%; P < 0.001) and live weight (η2 = 11.7-38.1%; P < 0.01-0.001), and such a factor as live weight at the first fruitful insemination has an influence only in heterozygous animals (8.4%; P < 0.05). The milk yield of mothers, the duration of the service period, and live weight have a stronger influence on the level of milk productivity of cows, with a reliable and the largest share of influence noted in heterozygous animals for the CSN3 and DGAT1 genes. At the same time, the duration of the service period had the strongest and most reliable influence on the milk yield of first-calf heifers. High values of the heritability coefficient of milk productivity indicators have also been established in cows that have the B allele of the CSN3 gene and the A allele of the DGAT1 gene in their genotype. Consequently, breeding taking into account the genotypes of marker genes helps to strengthen the heredity of milk productivity in cattle.
Introducción
Authors: Hensel Riveros Franz , Ortega Francisco A. , Garrido Otoya Margarita
Published: November 2024

Los libros cuentan historias. Este libro tiene varias por contar, que deseamos sean matriz de futuros diálogos e historias venideras. Los relatos colectivos del transcurrir en el mundo constituyen a las comunidades humanas. Esos relatos se actualizan periódicamente, se confrontan, se renuevan y, en todos los casos, afectan las rutas del presente. En Colombia no han faltado los esfuerzos por construir relatos nacionales, reflexiones históricas y críticas historiográficas. A finales de la década de los setenta apareció el Manual de historia de Colombia (1979),1 producido en tres volúmenes bajo el liderazgo de Jaime Jaramillo Uribe, hito en los estudios del pasado del país que, una década después, fue remozado con los nueve tomos de la Nueva historia de Colombia, editada por Álvaro Tirado Mejía (1989).2 Ambos esfuerzos consolidaron la disciplina histórica en el país y ofrecieron una síntesis de las novedosas interpretaciones que habían surgido sobre el pasado nacional en las décadas anteriores. Sus páginas recogían una visión del pasado que dejaba atrás la historia de las academias centrada en lo heroico y motivada por objetivos morales y civilizatorios, y proponía, en pleno momento de institucionalización de la disciplina histórica, la explicación de los procesos históricos en clave de las estructuras económicas y sociales relevantes para la comprensión de los problemas del país con sofisticadas herramientas provenientes de otras ciencias sociales.
La nacionalidad y las vicisitudes de la soberanía
Authors: López Liliana María
Published: November 2024

Este texto señala que las élites intelectuales neogranadinas compartían los postulados básicos del principio de las nacionalidades que afirma que toda agrupación de pueblos tiene derecho a disponer de su propio Estado. A diferencia del ciclo nacionalizador europeo, que dotó a viejas estructuras culturales, lingüísticas y étnicas de un sentido nacional, la América hispánica buscó romper radicalmente la continuidad histórica, política y cultural con la monarquía hispánica. Por eso, en el proceso de construcción de las nuevas naciones, el principio de nacionalidad se usa básicamente en un sentido político. Se trató de delimitar el territorio y definir la soberanía, la ciudadanía y el régimen de gobierno y no de establecer fronteras culturales, étnicas, raciales o lingüísticas.
El “populacho” y la política contenciosa republicana en la Nueva Granada, 1810-1854
Authors: Uribe-Urán Víctor M.
Published: November 2024

Este capítulo se ocupa de reclamos populares mediante la puesta en escena pública de mecanismos heredados o novedosos de acción colectiva. En parte, estos se basaron en alianzas forjadas por sectores subalternos (indígenas, afrodescendientes, peones o jornaleros, arreadores de mula, cargadores, barrenderos, zapateros, carpinteros, herreros, albañiles, sastres, orfebres, tejedores, ayudantes de molinos, fábricas de velas, tiendas, farmacias y panaderías, lavanderas, marchantas, soldados, etc.) con miembros influyentes del régimen político de la época. Los reclamos fueron inicialmente favorables a la defensa del catolicismo y la Iglesia o se dieron en apoyo al régimen durante la guerra civil que libraba contra sectores liberales. Luego, buscaron educación y participación política de los artesanos y favorecieron las aspiraciones electorales de la facción liberal. Unos y otros fueron posibles gracias al aprovechamiento de oportunidades ofrecidas por el naciente sistema republicano y democrático del país.1 El trabajo es afín a las ideas de múltiples historiadores sobre la intensidad y creatividad de la política subalterna en distintas regiones de la América hispana durante la llamada “era de las revoluciones democráticas” (aprox. 1750-1850).2 Algunos de estos historiadores también postulan la existencia de estrategias liberales y comportamientos vanguardistas y “modernos” en la política de la región —incluida la popular— durante la independencia y posindependencia, algo que aquí se cualifica, pues no se observa tan claramente al comienzo como al final del periodo bajo estudio.3
“Facción mostruosa y aniquiladora”Participación política popular en la primera mitad del siglo XIX neogranadino
Authors: Prado Luis Ervin
Published: November 2024

Este capítulo explora este fenómeno, describe cómo los hombres y mujeres procedentes de los sectores plebeyos desde finales del siglo XVIII empezaron a irrumpir en la arena política, en especial a partir de la crisis de 1809, haciendo más complejo el ejercicio de la autoridad y el poder en la primera mitad del siglo XIX colombiano. La movilización de diversos grupos sociales en la esfera pública promovió la expansión de la política, que dejó de ser un ámbito exclusivo de los notables y patricios como en el periodo colonial, a partir de su participación en acciones contenciosas y adoptando las ideas republicanas en boga, con las cuales cuestionaron los proyectos que pretendían ser hegemónicos.
La dimensión política de la ciudadanía en el campo de la educación y la circulación de libros en la Nueva Granada, 1767-1852
Authors: Acevedo Rafael
Published: November 2024

Este texto señala las transformaciones de la dimensión política de la ciudadanía en el campo de la educación y la circulación de libros en la Nueva Granada entre 1767 y 1852.3 En ese periodo se pueden identificar tres momentos claves en los que la ampliación de la noción del ciudadano se vinculó con los proyectos de alfabetización. En primer lugar, es posible reconocer la emergencia paulatina de una valoración de la ciudadanía asociada a la educación y en especial a los ideales (de la riqueza, la prosperidad, la felicidad y la utilidad de los conocimientos) del reformismo ilustrado de mediados del siglo XVIII. Hay asimismo otro momento, tras el colapso de la monarquía española y las declaratorias de autonomía de muchas provincias en la segunda década del siglo XIX, en el que el vínculo entre ciudadanía y educación sirvió para legitimar la ruptura política y mantener las libertades conquistadas frente al orden monárquico. Finalmente, luego de sancionarse la primera Constitución de la República de Colombia en 1821, y hasta 1850, se forja una concepción republicana de la ciudadanía indisociable de los atributos de “saber leer y escribir”,4 condición básica para poder ejercer los derechos políticos.