bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The reflection of Rayleigh waves in a wedge caused by a high-impedance obstacle on one face
Authors: Viswanathan K.
Published: September 2021

abstract

The reflection of Rayleigh waves traveling on one face of an elastic wedge because of a rigid obstacle in shearless contact with the other face is calculated. The solution is based on a related wedge problem with both faces stress-free. The present results concern wedge angles less than 90°.
ENERJİ TÜKETİMİ, EKONOMİK BÜYÜME VE LOJİSTİK ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Yurtkuran Süleyman
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışma Türkiye’de 1974-2019 döneminde ekonomik büyüme, birincil enerji kaynakları tüketimi ve lojistik arasındaki ilişkiyi test etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Seriler arasındaki eşbütünleşme ilişkisini belirlemek için Bayer-Hanck yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Ampirik analiz uzun dönemde ekonomik büyüme, birincil enerji kaynakları tüketimi ve lojistik arasında eşbütünleşme ilişkisi olduğunu göstermektedir. Uzun dönem katsayılarını belirlemek için tam değiştirilmiş en küçük kareler, dinamik en küçük kareler ve kanonik eşbütünleşme regresyonu tahmincileri kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar birincil enerji kaynaklarının ve lojistiğin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisinin pozitif, ekonomik büyümenin ve lojistiğin birincil enerji kaynakları üzerindeki etkisinin sırasıyla pozitif ve negatif olduğunu göstermektedir. Ekonomik büyüme ve birincil enerji kaynakları tüketimi arasında Türkiye’de geri bildirim hipotezi geçerlidir. Enerji tüketimi ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki karşılıklı bağımlılık, birincil enerji kaynaklarının ekonomik büyüme için önemli olduğunu ve aynı şekilde ekonomik büyümenin de birincil enerji kaynaklarının kullanımını teşvik ettiğini göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte lojistik sektöründe yenilenemez kaynaklara ikame olarak yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının kullanımı arttırılmalıdır.
PLANLI BOŞLUKLARDA KENTSEL PEYZAJI ARAMAK: KENTSEL KUŞATMA MI, EKOLOJİK ŞİFRELEME Mİ?
Authors: Yalçın Büşra
Published: September 2021

Hiyerarşik temelli geleneksel planlama sürecine bakıldığında, kent yaşamında daha az insani peyzajlara yer verildiği görülmektedir. Bu sistem içerisinde peyzaj, kırsal alandan kente adapte olma sürecine kadar koruma ilkeleri ve eşik öngörüleriyle doldurulmaktadır. Peyzajın üzerine atanan bu tanımsız görev; dekoratif unsur olmaktan öteye gidemeyen, planlı ancak çözümsüz boşluk deneyimlerine dönüşmektedir. Bugünün planlama bakışında ise, peyzajın dinamik yapısını kullanarak deneysel uygulamalara doğru bir evrilme yaşandığı görülmektedir. Bu bakıştan hareketle, mevcut planlama anlayışının adımları arasına sıkışan peyzajın doğru tanımının önemi üzerine durma gerekliliği gündeme gelmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, ilk aşamada “kentsel peyzajı doğru mu okuyoruz?” ve “kent planlama peyzajı nerede görüyor?” sorularını yöneltmektir. Aynı zamanda, bu soruları sistemin temeline yerleştirilen kent, kentli ve kentsel peyzaj bağlamında kuramsal temelde irdelemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, bir tarafta geleneksel planlama anlayışından uzaklaşarak gelişen planlama sisteminin ürettiği yeni tasarım ortamı ve “taktiksel şehircilik” deneyimleri, diğer tarafta peyzajın kendiliğindenlik anlatısını dinleyen “el değmemiş peyzaj” teorileri tartışılmaktadır. Bahsi geçen iki yaklaşım arasında herhangi bir uzlaşı ortamı aranmadan bağlantısallık ve zıtlık kurgusu teorik temelde bir değerlendirme şeklinde sunulmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, birbirine monte edilmesi gerektiğine inanılan üçlü sistem (kent, kentli ve kentsel peyzaj) içerisinde, bireysel ihtiyaçların doğru tanımlanması gerektiği ortaya çıkmaktadır. Kentsel kuşatma endişesini doğuran bu duruma ekosentrik temelli etik bir çerçeveden bakma zorunluluğu ise, bir diğer önemli bulgu olarak belirtilmektedir.
ROMA’NIN TRAKYALI İMPARATORU: MAXIMINUS THRAX
Authors: Özman Recep , Doğan Ezgigül
Published: September 2021

Maximinus Thrax, Roma İmparatorluk tarihinde farklı özellikleriyle öne çıkan imparatorlarından biridir. Soylu bir aileden gelmediği gibi praetor praefectus makamına ulaşmış bir asker de değildir. Onun imparator olmasıyla beraber Severus ve Constantinus hanedanlıkları arasında askerlerin imparatorluk tahtına çıktığı bir dönem başlar. III. yüzyıl krizi olarak adlandırılan bu dönem, askeri kuvvetin ön plana çıktığı, devlet hazinesinin boşaldığı, imparatorluk sakinlerinin yoksullaştığı ve dış istilaların arttığı bir zayıflama sürecini temsil etmektedir. Maximinus Thrax, askeri disipline dayanan yönetimi, acımasız ve merhametsiz kişiliği sebebiyle uzun süre sonra ilk kez Tyrannus (Tiran) olarak görülen bir imparator olmuştur. İktidarını pekiştirmek, sıradan kökenini gizlemek ve konumunu güçlendirmek için Roma sakinlerini sert bir yönetime tabi tutmuştur. Askeri bir disiplin benimsemesine ve gücü elinde toplama çabasına rağmen askeri zaferleri oldukça azdır. İktidarının gönüllü olarak kabul edilmemesi nedeniyle halk ve senatus tarafından, imparatora karşı ayaklanmalar olmuştur. Fakat bu karşı girişimler şiddetli iç savaşlarla sonuçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, imparator Maximinus Thrax’ın hakimiyet dönemini ve imparatorluğu krize sürükleyen olayları ele almaktır.
Perfil de riesgo de desastres para Uruguay
Authors:   Inter-American Development Bank
Published: September 2021

El Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) ha venido desarrollando en los últimos años un instrumento técnico titulado “Perfil de Riesgo de Desastres”. Dicho instrumento técnico puede describirse como un resumen del riesgo de desastres, expresado en términos cuantitativos y monetarios, incluyendo estimaciones de pérdidas máximas probables y pérdidas promedio anuales a nivel nacional, subnacional y por sector de desarrollo de un país. En su momento, el objetivo final de la iniciativa lanzada por el BID fue la de proporcionar a los gobiernos de sus países miembros conocimiento sobre daños económicos y sociales que un país puede sufrir de media anualmente con el fin de diseñar y desarrollar planificación para la reducción del riesgo frente a estas pérdidas. Este Informe presenta la evaluación de riesgo para Uruguay para amenaza por sequia (a nivel nacional) e inundaciones (a nivel subnacional), bajo escenarios sin y con el cambio climático.
'E-lancing' en América Latina y el Caribe: ¿cómo conectar el talento digital con oportunidades globales?
Authors: Aguerrevere Gabriela , Fazio Maria Victoria
Published: September 2021

Las plataformas digitales han revolucionado los mercados laborales en todo el mundo, transformando la manera de trabajar y ofreciendo oportunidades para trabajadores con perfiles muy diversos. Las plataformas de trabajo remoto o plataformas de 'e-lancing', en particular, conectan a las personas con clientes que pueden estar en cualquier parte del mundo. Así, surgen nuevos mecanismos de generación de ingresos que pueden ser especialmente atractivos para grupos que suelen enfrentar barreras para encontrar un empleo tradicional. Esta publicación recoge las lecciones aprendidas de un programa piloto desarrollado por el BID en El Salvador en 2020 para entender cómo conectar a los jóvenes de América Latina y el Caribe con este tipo de oportunidades. Como parte de este programa, los participantes tuvieron acceso a contenidos teóricos y ejercicios prácticos diseñados para desarrollar las habilidades requeridas para trabajar en estas plataformas, incluyendo la creación de perfiles, preparación de propuestas y gerencia de proyectos. También tuvieron acceso a tutores que monitoreaban su progreso y les apoyaban con la preparación de las propuestas, lo que resultó ser un elemento clave para el éxito del programa. En total, los participantes presentaron más de mil propuestas entre todos, trabajando con clientes en países como Alemania, Estados Unidos y Vietnam. Cómo se posicionará la región en esta nueva dinámica de oportunidades laborales dependerá de las políticas que se tomen en torno al trabajo en estas plataformas de 'e-lancing'. Al respecto, la publicación comparte algunas acciones que se pueden tomar en este ámbito. En primer lugar, para mejorar las oportunidades de los trabajadores en este ecosistema, los gobiernos deben incrementar el acceso a las tecnologías de la información y comunicación y expandir la formación en habilidades digitales. Además, es necesario implementar estrategias de diseminación para que individuos y empresas conozcan las potencialidades de estas plataformas. A su vez, estas estrategias deben estar acompañadas de programas de capacitación que ayuden a que las personas desarrollen las habilidades requeridas para triunfar en este universo. También es importante aumentar la inclusión financiera, y modernizar las regulaciones laborales para asegurar que protegen a los 'e-lancers' o en general, a trabajadores en nuevas ocupaciones generadas por la tecnología. Para acompañar el diseño de esas políticas, será necesario encaminar más investigaciones que permitan seguir dimensionando el impacto de estas plataformas de cara al futuro del desarrollo productivo en la región.
Marharita Rouba: Translator’s Comments of T. Rosefeldt: ‘Being Realistic about Kant’s Idealism’
Authors: Rovbo Rita
Published: September 2021

The preface to the translation of Tobias Rosefeldt’s article into Russian provides a discussion context, in which the author settles an issue of interpreting the a posteriori aspects of the content of experience in Kant’s transcendental idealism. Key points of the article are briefly formulated and the translator’s choices of certain terms are justified.
Some Remarks on Kant's Theory of Experience (Translated by M. Evstigneev)
Authors: Sellars Wilfrid
Published: September 2021

Kant never tires of telling us that Nature and the Space and Time which are its forms exist as a system of “representations.” Now a prepresentation is either a representing or a something represented. Does Kant mean that nature is a system of representings? Or that it is a system of representeds? And, in any case, what would the claim amount to? (Sellars W. (1974) Some Remarks on Kant’s Theory of Experience. In: Essays in Philosophy and Its History. Philosophical Studies Series in Philosophy, vol 2. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-2291-0_3)
Lucy Allais. In Defense of Kant's Transcendental Idealism. (Book Review Allais L. Manifest Reality. Kant’s Idealism and his Realism. Oxford University Press (UK), 2015, 329 pp. ISBN 9780198747130)
Authors: Shamarina Elena
Published: September 2021

In a review of the book “Manifest Reality. Kant's Idealism and his Realism” I present Lucy Allais's moderate metaphysical interpretation of Kant's transcendental idealism. An overview of the structure of the book acquaints the reader with the author's argumentation strategy. Allais criticizes the dominant interpretations of Kant's transcendental idealism and reveals their contradictions. Further, she develops her own interpretation of Kant's position, combining realism and idealism, metaphysical and epistemological judgments. Intuition plays a central role in the elicited epistemological contrast between intuition and concepts, and between intuition and sensation.
Asociación entre calidad de ovocitos recuperados y condición corporal en vacas criollas
Authors: Tinco-Salcedo Judith , Quispe-Gutiérrez Ulises S. , Zea-Gonzales Delmer
Published: September 2021

Creole high Andean cattle have family economic importance in rural inhabitants, contribute to food security. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quantity, quality, and nuclear status of the ovarian oocytes according to the body condition of the Creole cows. Groups of cows were formed according to body condition (1=emaciated, 5=obese): low (≤1.5), moderate (2 to 2.5) and high (≥3). The ovaries (n=212) were obtained from Creole cows from the slaughterhouse. The oocytes were recovered by follicular aspiration classifying into categories A, B and C, placing a part with ethanol-acetic acid (3:1) for 24 h, then stained with 2% Lacmoid. The nuclear status of the oocyte was evaluated, categorizing as an intact germinal vesicle (GV) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). The number of oocytes retrieved per ovary between low, moderate and high body condition of the cows were similar (p>0.05). There was an association between body condition and quality of oocytes of category A (rs=0.49; p=0.001), B (rs=0.16; p=0.018); C (rs=-0.16; p=0.016). A higher percentage (p≤0.05) of category A and B oocytes were obtained in those with moderate and high body condition, as category C in low body condition. Body condition did not influence (p>0.05) on the nuclear state of the oocyte. No association (p=0.073) was found between body condition and oocytes with intact GV, nor with GVBD (p=0.737). It is concluded that the body condition is associated with the quality of category A, B and C oocytes, but not with the GV and GVBD nuclear status in Creole cows from the slaughterhouse.
Capacidad de infección de hongos asociados a la pudrición seca de los Tubérculos de Ñame
Authors: Sánchez López Diana Beatriz , Luna-Castellanos Lily Lorena , Espinosa-Carvajal Manuel Ramón , Pérez-Polo Dairo Javier , Cadena-Torres Jorge
Published: September 2021

Dry rot of tubers is one of the most devastating diseases in yam production (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.) in the Caribbean region of Colombia. The disease attacks tubers causing production losses during the crop. In previous experiments, 11 fungal morphotypes were isolated and associated with this disease in yam crops in the Caribbean region of Colombia. The present investigation was carried out under greenhouse conditions to determine the infection capacity of these 11 possible causative agents, in 150-day-old plants of two yam genetic materials (0307-49SB y 0307-50CB). The results indicated that morphotypes DH2 (Lasiodiplodia theobromae), DH11 (Curvularia aeria), DH20 (Aspergillus niger), and DH17 (Fusarium equiseti), showed the highest infection capacity to yam tubers, regardless of the genetic material, therefore, they were considered as the main causal agents of the disease in the Caribbean region of Colombia. The remaining seven (7) morphotypes, despite having been inoculated in the roots of the plants, showed minor effects on tubers and affected other organs of the plant, especially stems and aerial part of yam plant. This study allows concentrating the research on these four morphotypes to develop crop management strategies that might allow reducing the incidence of this disease in the Caribbean region of Colombia.
Las revistas depredadoras: una amenaza a la integridad y calidad científica
Authors: Estrada Araoz Edwin Gustavo , Gallegos Ramos Néstor Antonio
Published: September 2021

Durante los últimos años, la producción científica mediante artículos de investigación se ha incrementado, sin embargo, es necesario tener la certeza de que las revistas científicas donde se publiquen cumplan indicadores de calidad e impacto, se encuentren indizadas a bases de datos importantes (Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, Scielo, Redalyc, Dialnet, etc.) y que no sean revistas depredadoras. Este tipo de revistas publican artículos en pocos días, no realizan una revisión por pares, cobran cargos por procesamiento y envían correos electrónicos ofertando sus servicios. En suma, son una amenaza a la integridad y calidad científica porque publican artículos de muy baja o nula rigurosidad y contribución a la ciencia, por lo que los investigadores deben detectarlas y evitar publicar en ellas.
Straniamenti e spaesamenti a confronto nella letteratura italiana ed europea del XVIII e XIX secolo
Authors: Comberiati Daniele , Giro Alessandra
Published: September 2021

Introduzione alla sezione tematica
Lo spaesamento delle viaggiatrici europee al nord
Authors: Patat Ellen
Published: September 2021

The displacement of European female Travellers in the North

Estrangements in travel writing

The present paper focuses on the travel accounts written by four women who decided to visit the European North in mid- and late-Nineteenth century: Ida Laura Pfeiffer’s Visit to Iceland and Scandinavian North (1853), Carla Serena’s Mon voyage personnels: souvenirs De la Baltique à la Mer Caspienne (1881), Ethel Brianna Tweedies’ A girl’s ride in Iceland (1889), and Elisa Cappelli’s In Svezia. Impressioni di viaggio (1902). The aim is to analyse these travel diaries to identify the various forms of displacement and estrangement presented to the readers. The term ‘displacement’ is here to be understood as the condition of the ‘outsider’, the perception of being ‘the Other’, whereas ‘estrangement’ could be considered the reformulation of this awareness. This paper highlights real displacements that derive from social, cultural, geographical, and gender discrepancies adopting a comparative approach, which concentrates on the textual and semantic solutions, also taking into account the interdependence of travel and writing and of space and people. These aspects intertwine with the factual reality of the travel discourse, ultimately leading to both ‘literary’ and ‘existential’ estrangements.
Naufragare per giardini
Authors: Ferragamo Emmanuela
Published: September 2021

A Shipwreck in the Garden

Estrangement and Confusion in Utopic Landscape in Johann Gottfried Schnabel’s Isle Felsenburg

This essay analyses the description of the garden in the first volume of Isle Felsenburg (1731), a utopian novel by Johann Gottfried Schnabel. The paper aims to underline the central role of both ‘wonder’ and ‘estrangement’ in creating a utopian landscape by focusing on the garden of Albert Julius, patriarch of the community. While the beauty of the garden astonishes the narrator, it also results in estrangement, as it drives the reader away from the present into the creatural past of humankind, a lost Eden. Such estrangement is a form of displacement: the subject is incapable of finding its own place in nature.
L’'amour fou' tra spaesamento e straniamento in due scrittrici siciliane: Rosina Muzio Salvo e Cettina Natoli
Authors: Bombara Daniela
Published: September 2021

Amour fou between displacement and estrangement in two Sicilian writers of the Nineteenth Century

Rosina Muzio Salvo and Cettina Natoli

This research aims at investigating the topos of love as deep and extreme passion, in opposition to social stereotypes, in two novels by two Sicilian female writers of the Nineteenth Century, Adelina (1845) by Rosina Muzio Salvo (1815-1866) and Margherita Royn (1886) by Cettina Natoli (1867-1913). In Adelina amour fou is in conflict with the patriotic needs and the moralism of the newborn middle-class society; in Margherita Royn, an overliterary, different kind of love clashes with the materialism and commercialization which dominate in late Nineteenth century. Adelina’s displacement is highlighted by the structure of the polyphonic epistolary novel, in which the protagonist’s ‘reasons of the heart’ are opposed to the opinions of all the other characters; according to a process of Verghian estrangement (Luperini, 1974), they convey a distorted picture of her passion and consider it a weird, unacceptable fact. Margherita is able to see reality only through an overly literary lens of extreme sentimentality; her isolation is manifest in the depiction of her body, consumed by an adulterous passion which contrasts with her husband’s rough physicality; overcome by jealousy, he will end up killing her.
Present distribution of the common frog, Rana temporaria and the moor frog, R. arvalis (Amphibia, Anura) in the “old” Moscow
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University –Timiryazev Moscow Agricultural Academy, Petrovskiy A. B. ,   A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Shpagina A. A. ,   Russian State Agrarian University –Timiryazev Moscow Agricultural Academy, Kidov A. A. ,   Russian State Agrarian University –Timiryazev Moscow Agricultural Academy
Published: September 2021

The common frog (Rana temporaria) and the moor frog (R. arvalis) lived in all green areas of Moscow until the end of the 20th century. The reduction in the area of woody vegetation, the destruction of breeding sites and introduction of the invasive fish Perccottus glenii contributed to the extinction of these amphibians in most of the city. The paper provides information on the distribution of brown frogs in Moscow based on the results of monitoring in 2020. R. temporaria was found in 37 localities in the Northwestern (6 points), Northern (3 points), Northeastern (1 point), Eastern (9 points), Southeastern (1 point), Southern (5 points), Southwestern (5 points) and Western (7 points) administrative districts. Eleven finds (29.7%) are located outside of specially protected natural areas. Most of the species’ habitats (30 points, or 81.1%) are isolated from other populations. R. arvalis was found in 14 localities in the Northwestern (3 points), Northern (3 points), Eastern (4 points), Southwestern (1 point) and Western (3 points) administrative districts of Moscow. Of all the finds noted, three ones (21.4%) are located outside of specially protected natural areas. The vast majority of the habitats of the species (10 points, or 71.4%) are isolated.
Interpretation of M. Weber’s theory of ideal types in application to empirical sociological research
Authors:   Maikop State Technological University, Siiukhova Aminet M.
Published: September 2021

The article analyzes the problems of interpretation of Max Weber’s theory of «ideal types» in empirical sociological studies. The theory of «ideal types» is effective for studying the systemic qualities of universal socio-cultural institutions, local social groups and individuals. The concept of «ideal» is differentiated in everyday consciousness and in scientific and sociological discourses. In sociology, the «ideal» is understood as referring to the sphere of consciousness, regardless of the positive or negative assessment of a social phenomenon. The examples of possible applications of Weber’s theory for the analysis of modern social spheres of health care and education are shown. In the conditions of industrial and post-industrial society, one of the important statuses in the social structure is the profession, and the typifying factor of the professional community is the professional culture. The scientific operation of the ideal type category within the framework of an empirical sociological study of the professional community/personal cultural level of an individual will be most effectively implemented by means the modeling method, when the essential qualities of the object under study are structured in a graphical model.
Personnel training for high-tech industries in the system of lifelong education
Authors:   Institute of Sociology – Branch of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FCTAS RAS), Chursina Anna V.
Published: September 2021

At present the higher education system does not meet the employer’s requests. Therefore, the concept of lifelong education is becoming more and more relevant. One of the aspects of such education is a corporate university which not only provides the necessary knowledge to work for a particular company, but also improves general cultural skills. On the basis of expert interviews (N = 100) conducted in 2017–2019. it was considered as high-tech industries are ready to participate in personnel training in order to have well-trained employees and receive economic profit. Attention is also drawn to the current state of the professional education system. The experts’ opinion on the corporate education, as well as on the basic university departments as one of the forms of such education is pondered upon. The interview is also focused on the effectiveness of continuing education courses. Attention is paid to the problems of insufficient level of professional competencies facing the employers and the possibilities of overcoming them. The experts expressed their opinion on the changes that they would like to see in the professional education system. Possible options for the development of professional training for lifelong education were considered. The article focuses on the interaction between lifelong education institutions and high-tech industries which will help bridge the gap between the education system and real production.
Formation of social capital of political parties and public organizations in the region: Main directions and means
Authors:   Penza State University, Abdusalamova Medina Sh.
Published: September 2021

On the basis of the comparison of modern foreign and Russian sociologists’s views, a structural and factorial operationalization of the concept of “social capital of political parties and public organizations” is developed. The material and cultural resources are available for the accumulation of social capital in the region. But regulatory measures (legislative, information and educational) are still needed to strengthen the social interaction between political parties and public organizations and the government structures representing regional society.
Structural foundation for interactions in online games
Authors:   Saratov State University, Elutina Marina E. , Nerush Anton A. ,   Saratov State University
Published: September 2021

The article examines the structural foundations of interactions between gamers in online games on the example of the youth segment of Russian audience of computer games. The analysis of the main elements of in-game mechanics structuring the communicative interactions of gamers in online games is carried out on the basis of the B. Latour’s actor-network theory, allowing us to consider the game as an actor of socio-technical interactions. According to the results of the author’s research conducted in 2019–2020 by means of online questionnaires, the mechanisms of long-term and short-term association of players in online games are highlighted and the structural bases of their interaction are characterized: the dominant and secondary motives of group formation in video games, the factors of prolongation of contacts between players. It was revealed that gamers give preference to short-term gaming teams with a free exit. A long-term play group is recruited from people who know each other, with whom they maintain contacts in everyday life while playing is perceived as a form of joint leisure. It is shown that an online game creates a field for active construction of new social connections between the members of the gaming community. The potential of the possibilities of including game mechanics and “non-human” actors in new forms of gamification of education is outlined.
Social functions of youth associations through the prism of the activists’ opinion
Authors:   West Kazakhstan University named after M. Utemisov, Kaliyeva Zhadyra A.
Published: September 2021

According to the results of the sociological survey conducted in 2019 (N = 350 people on probability quota-target sample), the synthesis of social and individual needs of young people was revealed when social solidarity as an urgent need is combined in the work of its associations with functional emotionality, satisfaction from meaningful fullness of interesting and useful activities. The popularity of youth groups’ activities, according to the younger generation, depends more on their socio-cultural content with the inclusion of an emotionally-positive context, helping to express themselves (conferences, concerts), and on the other hand – to feel unity with other participants (processions, demonstrations, etc.). These motives act as a direct indicator of the self-determination of the individual, the demand and feasibility of their subjective civil rights, the expression of a personal understanding of their social status and capabilities. 72,0% of the activists surveyed pointed to the Internet as the main source of information about the activities of youth associations which demonstrates the trans-progressivity of young people. However, traditional habits of young people are also strong. The second most popular source of information was communication with relatives, friends, the beloved ones (53.3%), which confirms the significant role of resources of network social connections. In the course of youth’s association activities both the personal qualities of the younger generation (accuracy, attentiveness, analytical thinking), and social qualities (planning skills, self-organization, leadership, communication) develop. In other words, participation in youth activities is associated with the mechanism of implementation of young people’s needs and interests, and, at the same time, serves as a source of changes in their personal values, and forms certain stereotypes of consciousness and behavior of the younger generation.
Perestroika in the USSR: Between the ideological concept and reality
Authors:   Saratov State University, Vilkov Alexander А.
Published: September 2021

The article presents the result of reflection on the contradictions between the ideological and theoretical substantiation of the concepts “acceleration” and “perestroika” and their real results, which became one of the most important reasons of collapse of the socialist system and the USSR. The conclusion is drawn that these contradictions were caused by the desire of the initiators of democratic transformations to resolve the accumulated problems in the political, social, and economic spheres of the country through ideological motivation and agitation and propaganda stimulation of the organizational potential of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the active part of Soviet society. However, the appeal to the subjective factor as the determining prerequisite for the success of “perestroika” was not supported by its holistic ideological justification. Attempts to fit theory into the processes of democratic reform of the USSR through conceptual de-Stalinization, appeal to Lenin’s legacy and use of the potential of “glasnost” led to the loss of ideological continuity and ideological split between the party and society. As a result, the subjective potential that was supposed to become the main driving force behind the construction of socialism “with a human face” was undermined and neutralized.
Media education facets within writings of A. V. Fedorov’s scholarly group: Political dimension
Authors:   Saratov State University, Kazakov Alexander A.
Published: September 2021

Empirical base of this article is comprised of five monographs by A.V. Fedorov and his colleagues published from 2013 to 2015. The author highlights several, from his point of view, the most urgent and important issues touched on in the writings considered. An idea is substantiated that necessity to develop social and political model of media education is becoming patently obvious nowadays.
Development of civil society in the Republic of Crimea after its reconnection with Russia
Authors:   V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Kuzmin Petr V. , Khalanskaya Larisa G. ,   V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University
Published: September 2021

The processes of development of civil society in Crimea after the entry of the peninsula into the Russian Federation in March 2014 are analyzed. The authors conclude that in recent years it has developed and passed from inertia to a state of civic activity. However, an integral system of civil structures has not yet been formed.
Features of the foreign policy mechanism of the Russian Federation
Authors:   V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Pashkovsky Petr I.
Published: September 2021

The article considers the problem of the stages of evolution and the main trends in the functioning of the foreign policy mechanism of the Russian Federation. The degree of influence of specific elements of the mechanism of formation and implementation of Russian foreign policy from 1991 up to the present has been characterized. It was shown that in 2000-2008 certain changes took place in the system of the state foreign policy mechanism, which were due to the specifics of the leadership style of the incumbent President and his team. By 2012, the system evolves and acquires modern features.
International peacekeeping and the UN criminal justice: Political and legal correlation and similarity
Authors:   Military Academy of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Shamarov Pavel V.
Published: September 2021

The article identifies and reveals objective political and legal correlations between international peacekeeping activities and international criminal justice, which allows positioning the latter as the final phase of the UN peacekeeping practice. The need to take into acco unt such correlation in domestic peacekeeping is substantiated on the basis of lobbying in the world for the perception of such practice of Russia from the angle of reconciliation of the conflicting parties; geopolitical obstacle to the implementation of any form of genocide; ensuring international peace and security. The need is substantiated to increase the international significance of our country using unconventional foreign policy approaches and technologies in the interests of systematically getting ahead of Russia’s geopolitical competitors in the international political, legal, and peacekeeping sphere.
Conceptual aspects of sustainable development of economic systems: Evolution of approaches and modern paradigm
Authors:   Institute of Agrarian Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kadomtseva Marina Ye.
Published: September 2021

Introduction. The relevance of scientific substantiation of approaches to sustainable development management is due to the need to take into account external changes and the development of conceptual provisions for the adaptation of economic systems. Theoretical analysis. The article summarizes the main approaches to the interpretation of the “sustainable development” concept. The evolution of economic thought and the historical transformation of views towards the study of sustainable development concerning various objects are considered. The scientific approaches and studies of leading foreign and domestic scientists are presented, which constituted the theoretical and methodological basis of the sustainable development concept. The essence of the category “sustainability of development” concerning economic systems is revealed. Empirical analysis. The economic, social and environmental substantiation of the sustainable development concept is given. The external and internal factors influencing the stability of economic systems are investigated. The stability of the system is considered through the prism of such interrelated system characteristics as controllability and adaptability. Results. The relevance of the application of an integrated approach to the study of the triad “society – economy – ecology” is shown. It is substantiated that the synergy of the main provisions of economic theory, conceptual principles of sustainable development, system analysis of the countries’ development determinants in the context of new global challenges and threats should underlie the strategic provision of sustainable development in the long term.
Stakeholder risk modeling: An econometric analysis experience
Authors:   Ural State University of Economics, Tkachenko Irina N. , Zlygostev Alexandr A. ,   Ural State University of Economics
Published: September 2021

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of stakeholder risks and the possibilities of their assessment. The methodological framework of the study was formed on the basis of the corporate governance theory and its stakeholder model. Theoretical analysis. On the basis of the the Russian-language and English-language publications’ general review, carried out by the authors, it is concluded that there is no clear generally accepted toolkit for assessing stakeholder risk. Assessment of stakeholder risks was most developed in project approaches. Methods. The authors propose an approach for assessing the stakeholder risks of an organization as a whole based on the search for a balance of interests through modeling the contributions and benefits of stakeholders and the gaps between contributions and benefits. The empirical base of the study was made up of data on flour-grinding and bakery enterprises of the Sverdlovsk region for 2010–2019. The unbalanced dashboard for analysis included 130 observations across 28 companies. Results. The methodology has been tested on the example of a comparative analysis of “more successful” and “less successful” companies in terms of revenue. Econometric models of the stakeholder contribution to revenue have been built. Stakeholder risk maps were built, which made it possible to identify the most influential stakeholders in terms of their contribution to revenue and the most risky ones in terms of the gap level. Conclusions. When assessing stakeholder risks, a broad outlook and a system of various methods for assessing stakeholder risks are required, as well as a willingness to take into account factors that may go beyond the framework of the models. The results and conclusions of the article can become a theoretical platform for further research. Further research on this topic can be related to expanding the understanding of the imbalance of interests by taking into account the subjective assessments of stakeholders and experts. For these purposes, it is necessary to adapt existing corporate surveys to accounting for stakeholder value and stakeholder risks.
Ideological neutrality and the principle of a secular state in the light of the amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 2020
Authors:   Saratov State University, Tyumeneva Nataliya V.
Published: September 2021

Introduction. The existence and development of any society is impossible without its spiritual component, which is closely connected with religion, religious values and ideals in Russia. Despite the fact that in the secular Russian state, the official government remains ideologically neutral to all religions, religious denominations and religious organizations, the state and the Church are converging in the socio-cultural space. Theoretical analysis. The interaction between the state and religious organizations is not distorted and does not diminish the importance of the prinicples of the constitutional order bases – a secular state and ideological neutrality of the state, because the interaction has nothing to do with the implementation of state and religious power, does not affect the implementation of the functions and tasks of the state and the Church. Empirical analysis. For the first time, the Constitution of the Russian Federation, through the amendments made in 2020, enshrined religious values and ideals, faith in God as the spiritual and moral foundations of the historical development of the multinational people of Russia. This became possible due to the expansion of the interpretation of the categories of “ideological neutrality” and “secular nature of the state”. Results. The content of the principle of the secular state and its ideological neutrality is based on the religious presence in the public legal sphere.
The role of legal (juridical) dictation in identifying the level of legal literacy and legal education
Authors:   Saratov State University, Toguzaeva Ekaterina N.
Published: September 2021

Introduction. Confirmation of the importance of legal education, the need to overcome legal nihilism and increase the level of legal culture was reflected at the official level in regulatory legal acts, primarily in the Fundamentals of State Policy of the Russian Federation in the development of legal literacy and legal awareness of citizens. Currently, cooperation with non-governmental organizations in this direction is actively developing, which opens up new facets. So, for example, the Association of Lawyers of Russia has initiated the All-Russian Legal Dictation since 2017, the scale of which increases significantly every year. Theoretical analysis. The following problems that hinder the high efficiency of educational activities in legal domain are identified: 1) lack of consistency and proper methodological support; 2) risks of social, organizational, financial, economic and regulatory nature; 3) the absence of maps of obstacles to legal education, indicating all possible risks and ways to minimize and overcome them. Results. The main obstacles to legal education, the associated risks, that can be minimized to increase the efficiency of legal education and the level of legal literacy of the population, are highlighted. Recommendations are given to improve such an action as the All-Russian Legal Dictation, as well as to conduct such actions separately by professional communities. One should not neglect the optional objectives, which can also be achieved when carrying out activities of a law-enlightening nature. For example, tasks of the formation and development of the information and communication culture of citizens, which are now at the initial stage of formation, are no less important.
Public associations – collective subjects of constitutional relations
Authors:   Stolypin Volga Region Institute of Administration of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Rabazanov Sultanahmed A.
Published: September 2021

Introduction. The article examines public associations as collective subjects of constitutional relations in the context of the legal development of the current legislation and the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Public associations, as collective subjects of constitutional relations, are important participants in the socio-political process of implementing the constitutional amendments adopted at the all-Russian vote in 2020. Theoretical analysis. The article considers the concept and significance of public associations as collective subjects of constitutional relations. The importance of public associations is noted, namely, as collective subjects of constitutional relations. Empirical analysis. The author investigated the normative legal acts regulating public relations related to the activities of public associations and revealed that the legislator is constantly improving legal support in this part. The quantitative indicators of the number of public associations in the period from 1991 to 2020, registered on the territory of the Russian Federation, have been studied. Results. Summing up the work, it is concluded that public associations, as collective subjects of constitutional relations, are the most important tool necessary to meet the social needs of citizens. Effective interaction of public associations, as collective subjects of constitutional relations, with state structures would make it possible to better implement constitutional interests and ensure human and civil rights and freedoms.
Network communication and its genres as objects of artistic representation (based on Russian literature)
Authors:   Linguistics University of Nizhny Novgorod, Marinova Elena V.
Published: September 2021

The article analyses a new compositional peculiarity of modern fiction – the introduction of a text fragment related by its lexical and graphic features to one of the genres of network communication (chat, blog, electronic mail, etc.) into the structure of the literary works. The dialogue between characters, who communicate on the Net, becomes one of the stable text-forming means, performing various artistic tasks, including formation of the plotline, creating the image (atmosphere) of the time period, character images, reflection of “language taste of the epoch”, and so on. The reproduction of the main linguistic peculiarities of electronic genres, in its turn, enlivens the literary discourse to a considerable degree; the pastiche of network communication becomes one of the expressive means; the cultural dominant of our time – orientation towards visual perception of information – manifests itself. The research has revealed methods and means of transferring graphic and lexical features of genres of informal network communication in the fictional text. The main ways of reflecting the peculiarities of electronic speech are direct stylization (reproduction of alphabetic and other graphemes used in Runet) and indirect image (verbal designation of non-alphabetic graphemes), which becomes the basis of a new imagery, the tropics (laughing brackets, emoji got nervous, an offended smiley, etc.). The analysis of the features of the display of speech behavior on the Net allows to conclude about the formation of a kind of poetics for the artistic embodiment of the stable theme of modern literature – ”Man in the virtual sphere of communication and being”. The study is built on the basis of general philological analysis and specifically linguistic analysis of a fictional text (total number of analyzed works is about 60) and presents a part of the author’s separate research on the formation of Russian Internet lexis in the modern Russian language and realized within the framework of functional sociolinguistics.
‘n most…’: Internet rating as a speech genre
Authors:   Saratov State University, Dementyev Vadim V.
Published: September 2021

The research is focused on the genre of Internet rating (an article representing a group of homogeneous objects in the form of a ranked, most often numbered list) and is based on approx. 600 texts of Internet rankings (2019–2020) from approx. 120 sites. The article analyzes the following characteristics of the Internet rating: general speech-genre, structural, thematic (thematic areas, key lexemes, semantics and pragmatics), evaluative (ranking principles, author’s subjectivity, values) ones. A lot of attention is paid to such speech-genre dominants of the Internet rating as the principles of assessment / ranking, author’s subjectivity, expression, as well as some factors of cultural borrowing (“ratingness”). Three parts of the Internet rating structure have been identified: 1) the heading, which the content aggregator brings to the news browser; 2) a description of the Internet rating; 3) the ranked objects themselves. The article singles out and describes the linguistic markers of the Internet rating genre and its main structural types, as well as the most common topics of Internet ratings: cinema (TV shows, cartoons, anime), books / writers, signs of the Zodiac, the world of cats and dogs, tourism; the most common numbers (10, 5, no number, 3, 7, 1, 6, 4, 20); illocutionary types of Internet ratings (entertaining ones prevail, among non-entertaining ones advice and (presumably) hidden advertising stand out) / The author offers their quantitative indicators as well. The article analyzes the principles of ranking objects of Internet ratings and their relationship with the image of the author and addressee of the Internet rating. Particular attention is paid to the ways in which the author tries, on the one hand, to prove the objectivity of the rating (to refer to the conducted research, survey, authoritative opinion, etc.), on the other hand, to explicate their subjectivity (for example, to encourage readers to express their own opinions).
From Covid “today” to low-carbon “tomorrow”: analysis of foreign forecasts for the development of world energy
Authors: Mastepanov Alexey M.
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of forecasts of the world energy development made recently (from September 2020 to May 2021) by the world’s leading analytical centers, taking into account “the new reality” – the coronavirus pandemic. The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the development of the world economy and energy consumption and the estimates of its consequences on long-term global economic growth made in various forecasts and prognostic studies are considered. It is shown that the priority of most of the prognostic estimates of the world consumption of primary energy resources made by the world’s leading analytical centers in recent years is a sharp reduction in CO2 emissions by energy and stabilization of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions in order to prevent negative climate changes on our planet. A conditional classification of scenarios for the prospective development of global energy is given, depending on the ideology that is embedded in them, an analysis of the fulfilled forecasts is given. It is concluded that Russian research structures need to develop their own similar forecasts.