bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF WIND ENERGY COMPLEX AUTOMATION SYSTEM
Authors: Mussilimov Kuanysh , Ibraev Akhmet , Wójcik Waldemar
Published: June 2019

Wind power is one of the three main renewable energy sources, along with solar and hydropower, which are widely used to produce electricity worldwide. As an energy resource, wind is widespread and can provide electricity to much of the world, but it is both intermittent and unpredictable, making it difficult to rely on wind power alone. However, when used in combination with other types of production or in combination with energy storage, wind can make a valuable contribution to the global energy balance. Over the past few decades, wind power has emerged in a number of countries as a separate energy sector that has successfully competed with conventional energy. Attention is paid to wind power plants (WT) as part of distribution and transmission networks. In this regard, an urgent scientific and technical task is the efficient use of wind potential, which is not only to improve aerodynamic characteristics WT, but also to increase productivity WT as a whole. This article presents the type of wind turbines, among the possible applications and very promising is the wind turbine Bolotov (WRTB), which by its technical characteristics surpasses the traditional propeller and other installations using wind energy in the production of electrical energy. The increase (WEUF - wind energy utilization factor) in all modes of operation WT by improving various methods of automatic control is relevant, and the proposed work is devoted to this issue.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE PROCESS OF IDIOPATHIC MACULAR RUPTURE DIAGNOSTICS
Authors: Pavlov Sergii , Saldan Yosyp , Vovkotrub-Lyahovska Dina , Saldan Yulia , Vassilenko Valentina , Yakusheva Yuliia
Published: June 2019

Process of eye tomogram obtaining by means of optical coherent tomography is studied.Stages of idiopathic macula holes formation in the process of eye grounds diagnostics are considered. Main stages of retina pathology progression are determined: Fuzzy logic units for obtaining reliable conclusions regarding the result of diagnosis are developed. By the results of theoretical and practical research system and technique of retinal macular region of the eye state analysis.
Проекты прото-мегасайенс как процесс конструирования коллективного субъекта познания
Authors: Масланов Евгений Валерьевич ,   Lobachevsky State University Press
Published: June 2019

В статье анализируется влияние проектов прото-мегасайенс на конструирование коллективного субъекта познания. На основе анализа функционирования проектов «большой науки» делается вывод о том, что в большинстве проектов можно говорить о формировании сообщества активно взаимодействующих друг с другом исследователей. Однако в проектах по решению научнотехнических задач, связанных с вопросами обороноспособности различных государств или разработки коммерческих технологий, мы не можем говорить о формировании коллективного субъекта познания. Говорить о формировании коллективного субъекта познания можно только в случае реализации фундаментальных исследовательских проектов, в которых принимают участие представители разных стран. Структура таких проектов подразумевает равенство представляющих разные страны ученых. Это создает благоприятные условия для формирования коллективного субъекта познания.
Relationel komparatisme
Authors: Petersen Anne Ring , Simonsen Karen-Margrethe
Published: June 2019

This article addresses a question crucial to contemporary cultural analysis: the question of how to compare and what to compare in a globalized world. Modern comparativism has effectively undermined the very foundation of historical comparativism, i.e. the idea of confined and segregated (national) cultures and Eurocentric perspectives and perceptions of what is historically significant, and what is not. The article opens with a discussion of some important critical revisions of comparative methodologies in the fields of comparative literature and art history, and then moves on to call for a relational comparativism that is attentive to three aspects: context, dynamics/agency and circulation. To indicate what the implications of a relational comparativism might be, we conclude with two case studies of the autobiography The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano (1789) and the commemorative sculpture I Am Queen Mary (2018) by artists Jeannette Ehlers and La Vaughn Belle. Both works are related to the history of slavery; a history that in significant ways points to the need for rethinking comparativism.
Den planetære vending
Authors: Andersen Frits
Published: June 2019

Leading scholars of Comparative Literature Susan Friedman and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak have proposed planetarity as a paradigm for research that captures the linguistic, economic and ecological complexity of the planet better than concepts such as, for example, the global and world literature. The article is a critical dialogue with Amy Elias and Christian Moraru’s The Planetary Turn. Relationality and Geohethetics in the Twenty-First Century (2015), an ambitious attempt to gather a highly heterogeneous field of theories of the functioning of literature and art in emergent forms of global relationality and new volatile political communities. The planetary reading perspective involves special attention to scale and employs combinations of macroscopic and microscopic analytical strategies, which the article seeks to show through a comparative mapping of patterns in clusters of texts around Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness and the Virunga National Park in DR Congo.
”Qui est Dominique Lambert?”
Authors: Herrie Maja Bak
Published: June 2019

Comparison as a methodological or technical tool to perceive something that was not perceptible beforehand is a complex manoeuvre that gives rise to both potentials and challenges. While emphasising concealed or unseen similarities in artworks or literature, comparison also risks operating on the expense of the potential distance between the two subject matters compared. This article argues that the complex and curious art project Dominique Lambert (2004-2016) by the French artist Stéphanie Solinas offers itself as a valuable starting point for a discussion of a range of meta-theoretical and methodological questions related to ideas of comparison in a broader theoretical framework. The project not only questions how or when a comparison is possible, but also what the nature of comparisons is, and how comparisons are legitimised as such in humanistic knowledge production. Thus, it is the central hypothesis of the article that modes of comparing build upon ideas of virtuality, that is, that the ‘object’ of the comparison is produced as a manoeuvre connecting or relating two previously separated subject matters. Accordingly, Gilles Deleuze’ idea of virtuality is applied in order to understand and discuss prevailing uses of comparison, e.g. in the recent field of Digital Humanities.
Spiste horisonter og Tre piger og en gris
Authors: Vilslev Birgitte Thorsen
Published: June 2019

This article compares the sexual differences in two Danish avant-garde films. It suggests that the Danish feminist, collective film Three Girls and a Pig from 1971 with an actual castration of a young pig established a deconstruction of a phallic economy in line with the theory of the French feminist linguist Luce Irigaray. In comparison with the artist Wilhelm Freddie’s and filmmaker Jørgen Roos’ surrealist film, Eaten Horizons from 1950, this deconstruction may contribute to a feminist reinterpretation of the latter’s sadist and cannibalistic fetichization of the female body. Furthermore, the comparison sheds light on formal and aesthetic strategies, such as the surrealist magic and illusionism contrasted to feminist bodily realism, and the transgressive potentials of the bodily rituals in the two films.
Clinical behavior of children with infantile cerebral palsy after ozone therapy.
Authors: Arenas Benjamin , Calunga Jose Luis , Menendez-Cepero Silvia , Vera Carmen , Infante Mariela , Herrera Manuel , Franco Olga , Gorzelewski Alicia Angela
Published: June 2019

Objective.
The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of ozone therapy in the treatment of Infantile Cerebral Palsy (ICP).

Patients and methods.
A non-controlled clinical assay was made in the Ozone Research Center (CIO), Havana, Cuba from January 2013 to January 2014. The sample was constituted by patients remitted to pediatrics consultation of CIO, to whom inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. The study group involved 45 patients, from 1 month of birth to 8 years, with cerebral palsy of hypoxic-ischemic cause. The evaluation criteria were: evolution of the motor disorder according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) scale, modification of muscle tone (Ashworth modified scale) and response to treatment (O’Brien modified scale). The way of administration was rectal insufflation; concentrations between 15, 20, 25 and 30 mg/L were used, volumes varied according to age, making calculation of the dose of ozone according to kilograms of weight. Cycles of 20 sessions, every 3 months were indicated, until completing 4 in 16 months. Patients were clinically evaluated, according to the scales used, before and after each cycle.

Results and Discussion.
The best answer to treatment was obtained in the group aged ? 4 years. The variables analyzed showed a significant improvement when the ozone treatment concluded. With respect to the evolution of the motor disorder, in 65 % of cases it improved. In the group of children below 4 years, the response was better in relation to the muscle tone. Response to treatment, according to the relatives’ criteria, was of 70 % of the children with marked improvement in the tone and muscle function.

Conclusions.
The greatest percentage of patients improved in the evolution of the motor disorder; when the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) scale was applied, more than half the patients showed an improvement. A high percentage of children get a satisfactory result regarding muscle tone and motor function. No side effects were present in any of the cases during the study.
Silencing cryptic specialized metabolism in Streptomyces by the nucleoid-associated protein Lsr2
Authors: Gehrke Emma J , Zhang Xiafei , Pimentel-Elardo Sheila M , Johnson Andrew R , Rees Christiaan A , Jones Stephanie E , Hindra  , Gehrke Sebastian S , Turvey Sonya , Boursalie Suzanne , Hill Jane E , Carlson Erin E , Nodwell Justin R , Elliot Marie A
Published: June 2019

Lsr2 is a nucleoid-associated protein conserved throughout the actinobacteria, including the antibiotic-producing Streptomyces. Streptomyces species encode paralogous Lsr2 proteins (Lsr2 and Lsr2-like, or LsrL), and we show here that of the two, Lsr2 has greater functional significance. We found that Lsr2 binds AT-rich sequences throughout the chromosome, and broadly represses gene expression. Strikingly, specialized metabolic clusters were over-represented amongst its targets, and the cryptic nature of many of these clusters appears to stem from Lsr2-mediated repression. Manipulating Lsr2 activity in model species and uncharacterized isolates resulted in the production of new metabolites not seen in wild type strains. Our results suggest that the transcriptional silencing of biosynthetic clusters by Lsr2 may protect Streptomyces from the inappropriate expression of specialized metabolites, and provide global control over Streptomyces’ arsenal of signaling and antagonistic compounds.
Realistic expectations of laboratory testing
Authors: Fernandes John J.
Published: June 2019

The ordering, reviewing, and interpreting of laboratory tests require recognition and familiarity with the concepts of normal values, sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and prevalence. The significance of these test properties in clinical decision-making is explained.
SMRT sequencing analysis reveals the full-length transcripts and alternative splicing patterns in Ananas comosus var. bracteatus
Authors: Ma Jun , Xiang Yixuan , Xiong Yingyuan , Lin Zhen , Xue Yanbin , Mao Meiqin , Sun Lingxia , Zhou Yujue , Li Xi , Huang Zhuo
Published: June 2019

Background

Ananas comosus var. bracteatus is an herbaceous perennial monocot cultivated as an ornamental plant for its chimeric leaves. Because of its genomic complexity, and because no genomic information is available in the public GenBank database, the complete structure of the mRNA transcript is unclear and there are limited molecular mechanism studies for Ananas comosus var. bracteatus.

Methods

Three size fractionated full-length cDNA libraries (1–2 kb, 2–3 kb, and 3–6 kb) were constructed and subsequently sequenced in five single-molecule real-time (SMRT) cells (2 cells, 2 cells, and 1 cell, respectively).

Results

In total, 19,838 transcripts were identified for alternative splicing (AS) analysis. Among them, 19,185 (96.7%) transcripts were functionally annotated. A total of 9,921 genes were identified by mapping the non-redundant isoforms to the reference genome. A total of 10,649 AS events were identified, the majority of which were intron retention events. The alternatively spliced genes had functions in the basic metabolism processes of the plant such as carbon metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, and glycolysis. Fourteen genes related to chlorophyll biosynthesis were identified as having AS events. The distribution of the splicing sites and the percentage of conventional and non-canonical AS sites of the genes categorized in pathways related to the albino leaf phenotype (ko00860, ko00195, ko00196, and ko00710) varied greatly. The present results showed that there were 8,316 genes carrying at least one poly (A) site, which generated 21,873 poly (A) sites. These findings indicated that the quality of the gene structure and functional information of the obtained genome was greatly improved, which may facilitate further genetic study of Ananas comosus var. bracteatus.
Fuzzysplit: demultiplexing and trimming sequenced DNA with a declarative language
Authors: Liu Daniel
Published: June 2019

Next-generation sequencing technologies create large, multiplexed DNA sequences that require preprocessing before any further analysis. Part of this preprocessing includes demultiplexing and trimming sequences. Although there are many existing tools that can handle these preprocessing steps, they cannot be easily extended to new sequence schematics when new pipelines are developed. We present Fuzzysplit, a tool that relies on a simple declarative language to describe the schematics of sequences, which makes it incredibly adaptable to different use cases. In this paper, we explain the matching algorithms behind Fuzzysplit and we provide a preliminary comparison of its performance with other well-established tools. Overall, we find that its matching accuracy is comparable to previous tools.
Leionema praetermissum (Rutaceae), a new restricted endemic for New South Wales.
Authors: Alvarez Philippa Roslyn , Duretto Marco Fillipo
Published: June 2019

Leionema praetermissum P.R.Alvarez & Duretto (Rutaceae), previously called L. sp. Colo River (P.H.Weston 2423), is here formally described. This rare species is found in Wollemi National Park in the Central Coast Region of New South Wales, Australia. We present information on its distribution, conservation status and an updated key to the genus Leionema for New South Wales and south-east Queensland.
Proof of Collatz Conjecture
Authors: Deloin R.
Published: June 2019

Collatz conjecture (stated in 1937 by Collatz and also named Thwaites conjecture, or Syracuse, 3n+1 or oneness problem) can be described as follows: Take any positive whole number N. If N is even, divide it by 2. If it is odd, multiply it by 3 and add 1. Repeat this process to the result over and over again. Collatz conjecture is the supposition that for any positive integer N, the sequence will invariably reach the value 1. The main contribution of this paper is to present a new approach to Collatz conjecture. The key idea of this new approach is to clearly differentiate the role of the division by two and the role of what we will name here the jump: a = 3n + 1. With this approach, the proof of the conjecture is given as well as informations on generalizations for jumps of the form qn + r and for jumps being polynomials of degree m >1. The proof of Collatz algorithm necessitates only 5 steps:

1- to differentiate the main function and the jumps; 2- to differentiate branches as well as their rst and last terms a and n;

3- to identify that left and irregular right shifts in branches can be replaced by regular shifts in 2m-type columns; 4- to identify the key equation ai = 3ni−1 + 1 = 2m as well as its solutions; 5- to reduce the problem to compare the number of jumps to the number of divisions in a trajectory.
SAR Calculations of Novel Dual-band PIFA for Mobile Phone Applications
Authors: Ali Rasha , Ahmed M. I. , El-Deeb Walid S. , Shaalan A. A.
Published: June 2019

Aims: The objective of this paper is to design a new PIFA for cell phone applications with low SAR.

Study Design: The designed PIFA antenna involves a patch with slots on the upper side of first substance layer FR-4, shorting wall, and a ground plane in the bottom side of second substance layer FR-4 and exciting (feeding port).

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zagazig. Between December 2017 to March 2019.

Methodology: it will be utilized SAM head model and a hand phantom as a user’s head and hand. Time-domain solver considers hexahedral mesh with adaptive meshing scheme used in this simulation.

Results: The simulation result has been obtained using MWS CST tools which constructed on the finite integration technique. And the measurement results are accomplished with vector analyzer ZVA 67. The simulated and the investigational results are the same approximately.

Conclusion: The antenna provides high gain for both frequency bands (900MHZ and 1800MHZ) with approximately 90% radiation efficiency. Moreover, The SAR analysis of the suggested antenna clearly demonstrates little SAR characteristics suitable for human usage competed with the standards of the safe SAR values.
Malignant Thyroid Lesions: A Histopathological Perspective
Authors: Emmanuel Innocent , Ramalan Mansur Aliyu , Ochigbo Adam , Akpa Philip , Yakubu Daniel , Mandong Jagshak Barnabas , Mandong Barnabas Mafala
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Thyroid cancer incidence is increasing globally. This increase has been attributed to improvement in diagnostic methods. This study has as its aim the analysis of the pattern of thyroid gland malignancies seen at the Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria, between January 2008 and December 2018.

Methodology: A descriptive retrospective study of consecutive cases of thyroid specimens analyzed at our center was done. Data was obtained from the Histopathology Department Records. The diagnosis of each case was confirmed by reviewing archival slides.

Results: There were 70 cases of thyroid carcinomas during the period of the study. The histological types of thyroid cancers seen were: follicular carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, medullary carcinoma and anaplastic carcinoma, respectively accounting for 36(51.4%), 23(32.9%), 4(5.7%) and 7(8.6%) cases. There was only 1 case of follicular carcinoma in 2012, and non between 2013 and 2018. The male to female ratio was 1: 3.1. The mean age of thyroid carcinoma was 42.7 years, with an age range of 13-80 years.

Conclusion: The histological pattern of thyroid cancers has changed over the last two decades in our environment with the erstwhile predominant follicular carcinoma receding to near disappearance. The papillary carcinoma histotype is currently overwhelmingly the commonest type diagnosed. The former is relatively commonly seen in the older age group, in a sharp contrast with the later. The female gender remains the most afflicted group.
‘Different Branches from the Same Root’: Similarity and Specificity of Five Saponins from Panax Notoginseng in Cardiovascular-Related Therapeutic Effects and Mechanisms
Authors: Liao Jiangquan , Wang Zhe , Wei Kangkang , Chang Jiangmeng , Li Xianlun , Du Jinhang
Published: June 2019

Saponins are the major extracts of Panax notoginseng, which is one of the most commonly used herbal medicine in East Asia. Increasing evidences suggest that Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) have various therapeutic effects on cardiovascular diseases. The therapeutic effects of PNS is through the complex combination of saponins. Notoginsenoside R1, ginsenosides Rb1, Rg1, Rd and Re are the major components of PNS, which have been studied thoroughly in recent years. In this review the authors summarize and compare the cardiovascular-related effects and mechanisms of these five saponins respectively. Anti-atherosclerosis, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptosis are the most shared functions. But some of the functions are contradictory, such as GRb1 inhibit the endothelial tube formation and angiogenesis, while GRg1 promote the VEGF synthesis and angiogenic tube formation. Even GRg1 itself functions contradictory in angiogenesis. The comprehensive summary of the effects and mechanisms of saponins shed lights on the understanding of the diverse functions PNS exert, and lay groundwork for the development and utilization of saponins in cardiovascular diseases.
Quality of nursing work life and related factors among emergency nurses in Jordan
Authors: Suleiman Khaled , Hijazi Zaineh , Al Kalaldeh Mahmoud , Abu Sharour Loai
Published: June 2019

Objectives

The objective of this study is to assess quality of nursing work life (QNWL) and related factors among nurses working in emergency room (ER).

Methods

A cross-sectional descriptive design was employed. Data were collected from a convenient sample of nurses working in ER Eligible participants were required to complete a demographic and work related variables sheet, the Brooks Quality of Nursing Work Survey (BQNWLS).

Results

A total of (186) nurses participated in the study. Study participants reported a BQNWL mean score of (M = 140.15, SD = 28.34) indicating a moderate BQNWL. Additionally, the participants scored moderate levels on all BQNWL subscales. The mean score of BQNWL was statistically better for nurses who had training courses on emergency department (t = −2.663, P = 0.008). However, no other statistically significant differences were found in BQNWL scores in regarding to demographic and work related variables.

Conclusion

The results of this study reported a noticeable alteration in QNWL among nurses working in ER. The nurses had a moderate QNWL levels. Also, the results emphasized on the importance of conducting further interventional research studies in the future to establish effective measures to enhance nurse QNWL. Consequently, this may improve the provided nursing care for the patients and their families.
Detection of X‐Rays by Solution‐Processed Cesium‐Containing Mixed Triple Cation Perovskite Thin Films
Authors: Basiricò Laura , Senanayak Satyaprasad P. , Ciavatti Andrea , Abdi‐Jalebi Mojtaba , Fraboni Beatrice , Sirringhaus Henning
Published: June 2019

Materials and technology development for designing innovative and efficient X‐ray radiation detectors is of utmost importance for a wide range of applications ranging from security to medical imaging. Here, highly sensitive direct X‐ray detectors based on novel cesium (Cs)‐based triple cation mixed halide perovskite thin films are reported. Despite being in a thin film form, the devices exhibit a remarkably high X‐ray sensitivity of (3.7 ± 0.1) µC Gy−1 cm−2 under short‐circuit conditions. At a small reverse bias of 0.4 V, the sensitivity further increases by orders of magnitude reaching a record value of (97 ± 1) µC Gy−1 cm−2 which surpasses state‐of‐the‐art inorganic large‐area detectors (a‐Se and poly‐CZT). Based on detailed structural, electrical, and spectroscopic investigations, the exceptional sensitivity of the triple cation Cs perovskite is attributed to its high ambipolar mobility‐lifetime product as well as to the formation of a pure stable perovskite phase with a low degree of energetic disorder, due to an efficient solution‐based alloying of individual n‐ and p‐type perovskite semiconductors.
Scalable Fabrication of Metallic Nanofiber Network via Templated Electrodeposition for Flexible Electronics
Authors: Zhang Cuiping , Cai Jingxuan , Liang Chuwei , Khan Arshad , Li Wen‐Di
Published: June 2019

Metallic nanofiber networks (MNFNs) are very promising for next‐generation flexible transparent electrodes (TEs) since they can retain outstanding optical and electrical properties during bending due to their ultralong and submicron profile. However, it is still challenging to achieve cost‐effective and high‐throughput fabrication of MNFNs with reliable and consistent performance. Here, a cost‐effective method is reported to fabricate high‐performance MNFN‐TEs via templated electrodeposition and imprint transfer. The fabricated electrodeposition template has a trilayer structure of glass/indium tin oxide/SiO2 with nanotrenches in the insulating SiO2 that can be utilized for repeated electrodeposition of the MNFNs, which are then transferred to flexible substrates. The fabricated TEs exhibit excellent optical transmittance (>84%) and electrical conductivity (<0.9 Ω sq−1) and show desirable mechanical flexibility with a sheet resistance <2 Ω sq−1 under a bending radius of 3 mm. Meanwhile, the MNFN‐TEs reproduced from the reusable template show consistent and reliable performance. Additionally, this template‐based method can realize the direct patterning of MNFN‐TEs with arbitrary conductive patterns by selective masking of the template. As a demonstration, a flexible dynamic electroluminescent display is fabricated using TEs made by this method, and the light‐emitting pattern is observable from both sides.
A New Strategy toward “Simple” Water‐Soluble AIE Probes for Hypoxia Detection
Authors: Xu Changhuo , Zou Hang , Zhao Zheng , Zhang Pengfei , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Sung Herman H. Y. , Williams Ian D. , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: June 2019

Hypoxia‐responsive fluorescent probes have emerged as a novel scaffold for tumor diagnosis. However, dilemma often exists between simple synthesis and high water solubility in traditional probes. Owing to the intrinsic property of N‐oxides, herein, a new strategy is proposed to design and synthesize probes for in vitro hypoxia imaging. Equipped with tetraphenylethene (TPE), the N‐oxides exhibit aggregation‐induced emission characteristics and emit no light in aqueous solutions. Interestingly, the N‐oxides can be reduced by ferrous ions in different rates. The aggregation of the resulting hydrophobic TPE residues restricts the intramolecular motions of the molecules, which “turns‐on” their fluorescence. The NO covalent bond of one molecule can be specifically cleaved by cellular reductase overexpressed under hypoxic conditions, and thus turn‐on hypoxia imaging in vitro is achieved. The new strategy to design hypoxia imaging probes is extremely valuable and has great potential for application in tumor diagnosis.
Toward Cluster Materials with Ordered Structures via Self‐Assembly of Heterocluster Janus Molecules
Authors: Ren Li‐Jun , Liu Hong‐Kai , Wu Han , Hu Min‐Biao , Wang Wei
Published: June 2019

Cluster materials have attracted much attention because of their unique chemical and physical properties, hitherto unseen in bulk materials. Inspired by the lipid self‐assembly principle, a series of heterocluster Janus molecules (HCJMs) with atomic precision have been rationally designed and synthesized by connecting different clusters via covalent bonds for the construction of nanomaterials and nano‐objects. Due to their amphiphilicity, HCJMs self‐assemble into cluster‐containing nanomaterials or nano‐objects with versatile ordered structures beyond those observed in conventional crystals. Their hybrid composition and nanoscale size are also greatly advantageous in the study of their fine structure by electron microscopy techniques, and enable their formation mechanisms to be unraveled. Finally, the influence of the characteristics of the HCJMs on the structure and properties of the self‐assembled nano‐objects are explored comprehensively. This synthesis strategy will promote further development of cluster materials with advanced functions via rational molecular design toward the construction of hierarchical nanostructures via molecular self‐assembly.
Fast and Efficient CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing In Vivo Enabled by Bioreducible Lipid and Messenger RNA Nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Ji , Chang Jin , Jiang Ying , Meng Xiandi , Sun Tianmeng , Mao Lanqun , Xu Qiaobing , Wang Ming
Published: June 2019

A main challenge to broaden the biomedical application of CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) associated protein 9) genome editing technique is the delivery of Cas9 nuclease and single‐guide RNA (sgRNA) into the specific cell and organ. An effective and very fast CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in vitro and in vivo enabled by bioreducible lipid/Cas9 messenger RNA (mRNA) nanoparticle is reported. BAMEA‐O16B, a lipid nanoparticle integrated with disulfide bonds, can efficiently deliver Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA into cells while releasing RNA in response to the reductive intracellular environment for genome editing as fast as 24 h post mRNA delivery. It is demonstrated that the simultaneous delivery of Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA using BAMEA‐O16B knocks out green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression of human embryonic kidney cells with efficiency up to 90%. Moreover, the intravenous injection of BAMEA‐O16B/Cas9 mRNA/sgRNA nanoparticle effectively accumulates in hepatocytes, and knocks down proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 level in mouse serum down to 20% of nontreatment. The leading lipid nanoparticle, BAMEA‐O16B, represents one of the most efficient CRISPR/Cas9 delivery nanocarriers reported so far, and it can broaden the therapeutic promise of mRNA and CRISPR/Cas9 technique further.
3D Hierarchical Gallium Oxynitride Nanostructures Decorated with Ag Nanoparticles Applied as Recyclable Substrates for Ultrasensitive SERS Sensing
Authors: Liu Qingyun , Chen Ping , Ye Yongqin , Wan Ying , Wang Bin , Luo Zhiqiang
Published: June 2019

Developing plasmon‐assisted semiconductor nanocomposites as multifunctional surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate for detection as well as photodegradation of toxic organic pollutants appears to be a crucial step in upgrading the SERS technique to a quantitative analytical level. However, conventional photocatalytic semiconductor scaffolds are confined in ultraviolet‐light‐active metal oxide nanostructures (TiO2, ZnO, etc.). Herein, the scope of semiconductor scaffold is expanded to visible‐light‐active oxynitrides by developing a robust and ultrasensitive recyclable SERS substrate based on 3D hierarchical gallium oxynitrides (GaON) nanosheets loading with Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs). Significantly, the bandgap of GaON nanosheets shrinks to 2.9 eV to enable visible‐light adsorption. The as‐fabricated SERS substrate shows a high sensitivity with enhancement factor of 5.2 × 107 in R6G detection, and yields a wide detection range of 1.0 × 10−6 –1.0 × 10−12 mol L−1. Assisted with the enhanced charge transfer by generating the Schottky contact at the metal/semiconductor interface and the electron traps played by the residue oxygen, the Ag/GaON nanocomposites show attractive recyclability at visible‐light irradiation with well‐maintained SERS activity after four cycles. This work demonstrates the superiority of taking advantage of plasmon‐assisted oxynitride semiconductors as a high‐performance SERS platform and provides new opportunities for developing robust visible‐light‐driven recyclable SERS substrates.
Ultrasensitive and Recyclable Upconversion‐Fluorescence Fibrous Indicator Paper with Plasmonic Nanostructures for Single Droplet Detection
Authors: Li Xin , Zhang Jun , Zhang Jun‐Cheng , Wang Xiao‐Xiong , Liu Jiang‐Jun , Li Ru , Yu Miao , Ramakrishna Seeram , Long Yun‐Ze
Published: June 2019

Conventional indicator paper is disposable after use and requires a large amount of target solution. Herein, recyclable upconversion fluorescence indicator papers consisting of upconversion nanorods and plasmonic nanostructures are fabricated by electrospinning. This recyclable indicator paper exhibits good flexibility and superhydrophobicity with enhanced upconversion fluorescence. Rhodamine B (RhB) is selected as the target solution because it is prohibited as a food additive but often occurs in food, and conventional detection methods usually need a large volume of solution (>1 mL) to refine to higher concentrations because of the low detection sensitivity. Significantly different from the traditional detection system, this upconversion fluorescence fibrous indicator paper can detect RhB as low as 0.01 ppm, which is superior to most reported detection limits for fluorescence sensors. Moreover, this indicator paper can detect a single droplet (≈10 µL) of RhB without needing a large amount of solution. After detection, the target solution is easily removed for excellent recyclability, which is another advantage over the traditional detection system.
Hybridization of Multiple Vibrational Modes via Strong Coupling Using Confined Light Fields
Authors: Menghrajani Kishan S. , Fernandez Henry A. , Nash Geoffrey R. , Barnes William L.
Published: June 2019

Strong coupling of molecules placed in an optical microcavity may lead to the formation of hybrid states called polaritons, states that inherit characteristics of both the optical cavity modes and the molecular resonance. This is possible for both excitonic and vibrational molecular resonances. Previous work has shown that strong coupling may be used to hybridize two different excitonic resonances; this can be achieved when more than one molecular species is included in the cavity. Here it is shown that under suitable conditions three different molecular vibrational resonances of the same molecular unit may also be coupled together, the resulting polariton having characteristics of all three vibrational resonances. These results suggest that strong coupling might be used to manipulate vibrational resonances in a richer and subtler way than previously considered, opening a path to greater control of molecular systems and molecular processes via vibrational strong coupling.
Super‐Long Persistent Luminescence in the Ultraviolet A Region from a Bi3+‐Doped LiYGeO4 Phosphor
Authors: Shi Junpeng , Sun Xia , Zheng Shenghui , Fu Xiaoyan , Yang Yi , Wang Jiani , Zhang Hongwu
Published: June 2019

Here, a novel super‐long, ultraviolet A region (UVA), persistent luminescent (PerL) material, LiYGeO4:Bi3+, is developed. After irradiation at 254 nm for 10 min, the UVA PerL of LiYGeO4:Bi3+ can persist for more than 300 h. In addition, the LiYGeO4:Bi3+ also possesses a strong UVA emission with a power density of 11.83 mW m−2 at 10 s after the removal of the excitation source. Even after 72 h, the UVA PerL emission spectrum can still be clearly detected, which is the same as the photoluminescence emission spectrum and originated from the Bi3+ emitting centers. Furthermore, LiYGeO4:Bi3+ also exhibits a photostimulated PerL property, which can be easily activated with a red light emitting diode (LED) or NIR laser irradiation after the long‐term decay. Combining the results of the PerL excitation, absorption, and thermoluminescence spectra, the excellent UVA PerL of LiYGeO4:Bi3+ can be ascribed to the existence of abundant trap sites created by the loss of Li+. This excellent PerL material can make up for deficiency of PerL materials in the UVA region and greatly expand the application of PerL materials in the biomedical, energy, environmental, and catalysis fields.
Three‐dimensional geometric morphometric analysis of the distal radius insertion sites of the palmar radiocarpal ligaments in hominoid primates
Authors: Casado Aroa , Punsola Vicenç , Gómez Mónica , de Diego Marina , Barbosa Mercedes , de Paz Félix J. , Pastor Juan F. , Potau Josep M.
Published: June 2019

Objectives

To identify anatomic differences in the insertion sites of the palmar radiocarpal ligaments in different species of hominoid primates that may be related to their different types of locomotion.

Materials and methods

We have used three‐dimensional geometric morphometrics (3D GM) to analyze the distal radius ligament insertion sites in 31 Homo sapiens, 25 Pan troglodytes, 31 Gorilla gorilla, and 15 Pongo pygmaeus. We have also dissected the radioscaphocapitate (RSC), long radiolunate (LRL) and short radiolunate (SRL) ligaments in six H. sapiens and five P. troglodytes to obtain quantitative values that were then compared with the results of the 3D GM analysis.

Results

H. sapiens had a relatively larger insertion site of the RSC + LRL ligament than the other hominoid primates. P. pygmaeus and P. troglodytes had a relatively large SRL ligament insertion site with a palmar orientation. In G. gorilla, the two ligament insertion sites were relatively smaller and the SRL insertion site had an ulnopalmar orientation.

Discussion

The morphological differences observed can be related to the types of locomotion used by the different species and to quantitative data obtained from the dissection of ligaments in H. sapiens and P. troglodytes. 3D GM analysis of ligament insertion sites can help in interpreting the types of locomotion used by extinct hominoid primates through the analysis of preserved fossilized fragments of the distal radius.
Dendrimer Conjugation Enables Multiphoton Chemical Neurophysiology Studies with an Extended π‐Electron Caging Chromophore
Authors: Richers Matthew T. , Passlick Stefan , Agarwal Hitesh , Ellis‐Davies Graham C. R.
Published: June 2019

We have developed a caged neurotransmitter using an extended π‐electron chromophore for efficient multiphoton uncaging on living neurons. Widely studied in a chemical context, such chromophores are inherently bioincompatible due to their highly lipophilic character. Attachment of two polycarboxylate dendrimers, a method we call “cloaking”, to a bisstyrylthiophene (or BIST) core effectively transformed the chromophore into a water‐soluble optical probe, whilst maintaining the high two‐photon absorption of over 500 GM. Importantly, the cloaked caged compound was biologically inert at the high concentrations required for multiphoton chemical physiology. Thus, in contrast to non‐cloaked BIST compounds, the BIST‐caged neurotransmitter can be safely delivered onto neurons in acutely isolated brain slices, thereby enabling high‐resolution two‐photon uncaging without any side effects. We expect that our cloaking method will enable the development of new classes of cell‐compatible photolabile probes using a wide variety of extended π‐electron caging chromophores.
Direct Formic Acid MediatedZ‐Selective Reductive Coupling of Dienes and Aldehydes
Authors: Cooze Christopher , Dada Raphael , Lundgren Rylan J.
Published: June 2019

Methods for the addition of unsaturated nucleophiles to carbonyls to generateZ‐olefin products remain rare and often require either alkyl borane or zinc reductants, limiting their utility. Demonstrated here is that formic acid mediates the Rh‐catalyzed,Z‐selective coupling of dienes and aldehydes. The process is distinguished by broad tolerance towards reducible or electrophilic groups. Kinetic analysis suggests that generation of the catalytically active Rh intermediate by ligand dissociation is the rate‐determining step. The rapid generation and trapping of Rh‐allyl intermediates is key to preventing chain‐walking isomerization events that plague related protocols. Insights gained through this study may have wider implications in selective metal‐catalyzed hydrofunctionalization reactions.
A Switchable Domino Process for the Construction of Novel CO2‐Sourced Sulfur‐Containing Building Blocks and Polymers
Authors: Ouhib Farid , Grignard Bruno , Van Den Broeck Elias , Luxen André , Robeyns Koen , Van Speybroeck Veronique , Jerome Christine , Detrembleur Christophe
Published: June 2019

α‐Alkylidene cyclic carbonates (αCCs) recently emerged as attractive CO2‐sourced synthons for the construction of complex organic molecules. Herein, we report the transformation of αCCs into novel families of sulfur‐containing compounds by organocatalyzed chemoselective addition of thiols, following a domino process that is switched on/off depending on the desired product. The process is extremely fast and versatile in substrate scope, provides selectively linear thiocarbonates or elusive tetrasubstituted ethylene carbonates with high yields following a 100 % atom economy reaction, and valorizes CO2 as a renewable feedstock. It is also exploited to produce a large diversity of unprecedented functional polymers. It constitutes a robust platform for the design of new sulfur‐containing organic synthons and important families of polymers.
Mechanical and dielectric properties and crystalline behavior of multilayer graphite‐filled polyethylene composites
Authors: Shi Meinong , Yang Weimin , Zhang Youchen , Tan Jing , Cheng Lisheng , Jiao Zhiwei , Zhen Xiangshi
Published: June 2019

As one of the duplicated cases of ultrathin polymer films, multilayer graphite/polymer composites are of great interests in various applications. Graphite/polyethylene (PE) composites with various layer numbers and graphite particle sizes were prepared by lamination. The mechanical and dielectric properties and crystalline behavior of the composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, tensile test, and dielectric strength test. With the same amount of graphite addition, the tensile strength of the composites increases with decreasing layer thickness, but decreases with increasing graphite particle size. The longitudinal tensile strength is greater than the transverse one. The tensile strength of the 36‐layer composites with a particle size of 15 μm has enhancements of 34.76 and 68.39% in the longitudinal and transverse directions compared with that of the single‐layer pure PE film. The dielectric constant of the composites nonlinearly increases with decreasing layer thickness, while the dielectric loss is independent of this factor. The dielectric constant of the 36‐layer composites with a particle size of 15 μm is about two times as large as that of the single‐layer pure PE film. The crystalline peak temperature and the crystallinity of the composites increase with the decrease in layer thickness. Coarse‐grained molecular dynamics simulations were also carried out to understand the experimental observations by getting an insight into the microstructure of the multilayer composites. This work would be helpful for the production of optimized of multilayer graphite/polymer composites by lamination for electric energy storage. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48131.
Association of Pulmonary Hemorrhage, Positive Proteinase 3, and Urinary Red Blood Cell Casts With Venous Thromboembolism in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis
Authors: Kronbichler Andreas , Leierer Johannes , Shin Jae Il , Merkel Peter A. , Spiera Robert , Seo Philip , Langford Carol A. , Hoffman Gary S. , Kallenberg Cees G. M. , St.Clair E. William , Brunetta Paul , Fervenza Fernando C. , Geetha Duvuru , Keogh Karina A. , Monach Paul A. , Ytterberg Steven R. , Mayer Gert , Specks Ulrich , Stone John H. ,   the RAVE−ITN Research Group
Published: June 2019

Objective

To assess the frequency of venous thromboembolism (VTE) events in the Rituximab in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA)–Associated Vasculitis (RAVE) trial and identify novel potential risk factors.

Methods

VTE events in 197 patients enrolled in the RAVE trial were analyzed. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded, and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with VTE in ANCA‐associated vasculitis (AAV).

Results

VTE occurred in 16 patients (8.1%) with an overall average time to event of 1.5 months (range 1.0–2.75). In univariate analyses with calculation of hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), heart involvement (HR 17.408 [95% CI 2.247–134.842]; P = 0.006), positive proteinase 3 (PR3)–ANCA (HR 7.731 [95% CI 1.021–58.545]; P = 0.048), pulmonary hemorrhage (HR 3.889 [95% CI 1.448–10.448]; P = 0.008), and the presence of red blood cell casts (HR 15.617 [95% CI 3.491–69.854]; P < 0.001) were associated with the onset of VTE. In multivariate models adjusted for age and sex, the significant associations between VTE events and heart involvement (HR 21.836 [95% CI 2.566–185.805]; P = 0.005), PR3‐ANCA (HR 9.12 [95% CI 1.158–71.839]; P = 0.036), pulmonary hemorrhage (HR 3.91 [95% CI 1.453–10.522]; P = 0.007), and urinary red blood cell casts (HR 16.455 [95% CI 3.607–75.075]; P < 0.001) remained.

Conclusion

Patients diagnosed as having AAV with pulmonary hemorrhage, positive PR3‐ANCA, heart involvement, and the presence of red blood cell casts are at an increased risk to develop VTE. Further studies are needed to confirm and expand these findings and to explore the mechanisms of hypercoagulability in these patients with the aim of informing potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
Porous Organic Polymers Containing a Sulfur Skeleton for Visible Light Degradation of Organic Dyes
Authors: Cao Yuping , Liu Wei , Qian Jing , Cao Ting , Wang Jiemin , Qin Wenwu
Published: June 2019

Three novel chemically stable porous organic polymers (POPs) were synthesized by the hydrothermal method; the POPs contain sulfone bonds (TpSD), no sulfur atoms (TpMD), or thioether bonds (TpTD). The catalytic mechanism of the POP with sulfone bonds was studied, and it was found that the wide visible light absorption range, high specific surface area, and the hydrophilicity of the material significantly promoted the catalytic efficiency of TpSD. The presence of O=S=O gives TpSD a higher degree of conjugation than TpMD and TpTD, so TpSD shows the strongest UV/Visible absorption and faster transmission of electrons. The photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) molecules is approximately 100 % with TpSD and its pseudo‐first‐order rate constant is 0.0770 min−1, which is the highest among all reported non‐metallic photocatalysts. Moreover, it is also the first time that sulfur‐containing polymer have been used in photocatalytic degradation of dyes.
Radiation intensity and polarization from accretion disks with progressive increasing height
Authors: Silant'ev Nikolay , Alekseeva G. A. , Novikov V. V.
Published: June 2019

This article considers the optically thick accretion disks with the progressive increasing height. The surface is assumed to be the conical form. The radiation with considered wavelength emerges from a ring on the cone and is described by the Milne problem for the intensity and polarization. The inclination angles of the rings are taken 15 and 30 grad. The inclination angles between the line of sight and the normal to the central accretion disk plane are taken 30, 45, and 60 grad for every value of the ring inclination. For the continuum radiation, the polarization of the emerging light is less than that in the case of the plane accretion disk. The polarization position angles of radiation emerging from the right and left parts of the ring are opposite to one another. They are determined by the geometry of the problem. The position angle of the observed continuum radiation is parallel to the central plane of the accretion disk. Our theory gives the new explanation of that the position angles in “red” and “blue” wings of a spectral line are opposite to one another. This behavior exists in many Seyfert galaxies.