bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Case Report: Bilateral Frontal Sinus Abscess and Mucopyocele Drainage using “Modified” Draf III
Authors: Samadian Mohammad , Mirzaei Ilia , Khoshsirat Shahrokh , Zandi Afsoon
Published: July 2024

Draf III is a surgical technique which uses endoscopic approach to access the frontal sinus, by leaving almost no skin markings and having minimal side-effects. The aim of the technique is to drain frontal sinus masses and collections. In this report we present a 16-year-old male with progressive headaches, dizziness, nausea and vomiting; whose imaging revealed left-predominant bilateral frontal sinus mucocele and abscess. An endoscopic intranasal Draf III approach was used to drain the abscess along with mucosal grafting to avoid crusting and stenosis. Additionally, two bilateral supraorbital incisions (beneath the eyebrows) were made for better access and drainage of the mucocele. The patient was then started on antibiotics and steroids and was followed-up in three sessions to evaluate healing and complications. On the third-month follow-up the patient was doing well and had no complaints. Draf III with slight modifications can be a decent endoscopic approach in managing bilateral frontal sinus abscess and mucopyocele in treatment-resistant cases, without causing any major complications
Clinical characteristics of prostate cancer patients from community or outpatient service center of PSA-based screening in China
Authors: Jiang Hesong , Mao Fei , Niu Xiaobing
Published: July 2024

Purpose
To establish an effective prostate cancer (PCa) screening method for developing countries and to compare the clinical characteristics of prostate cancer patients from community and outpatient service centers screened with corresponding prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based screening programs in China.
Materials and Methods
We summarized the annual individual data of patients with transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) prostate biopsy-confirmed PCa from PSA-based population screening methods in Huai’an, China and analyzed the PCa detection rates separately for patients screened with community service center (CSC) and outpatient service center (OSC) methods. The distributions of categorical clinical characteristics, including age, prostate volume, serum testosterone level, PSA level, degree of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), position or Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) grade of abnormal lesions, Gleason score, International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade and treatment management approach, were compared between the two groups with the appropriate statistical tests.
Results
From January 1, 2022, to December 31, 2022, a total of 441 participants underwent prostate biopsy, including 198 men screened with the CSC method and 243 men screened with the and OSC method. Participants screened with the CSC method had lower ages, prostate volumes, and PSA parameter values, including total PSA (tPSA) level and PDA density (PSAD), than did those screened with the OSC method. Furthermore, the curative approach was more effective for PCa patients screened with the CSC method than for those screened with the OSC method, as reflected in a lower Gleason score, lower ISUP stage and earlier TNM stage.
Conclusions
The results of this study suggested that PCa patients screened with community screening methods have earlier disease stages and a better chance of receiving curative treatment than those screened with outpatient screening methods. The results of this study could serve as an important reference for gradually establishing comprehensive screening patterns and follow-up systems in China and other developing countries.
Effect of regional crosstalk between sympathetic nerves and sensory nerves on temporomandibular joint osteoarthritic pain
Authors: Jiao Kai , Ma Zhangyu , Wan Qianqian , Qin Wen-pin , Qin Wen , Yan Jian-fei , Zhu Yi-na , Wang Yuzhu , Ma Yuxuan , Wan Meichen , Han Xiao-xiao , Tay Franklin , Niu Li-na
Published: July 2024

Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) is a common disease often accompanied by pain, seriously affecting physical and mental health of patients. Abnormal innervation at the osteochondral junction has been considered as a predominant origin of arthralgia, while the specific mechanism mediating pain remains unclear. To investigate the underlying mechanism of TMJ-OA pain, an abnormal joint loading model was used to induce TMJ-OA pain. We found that during the development of TMJ-OA, the increased innervation of sympathetic nerve of subchondral bone precedes that of sensory nerves. Furthermore, these two types of nerves are spatially closely associated. Additionally, it was discovered that activation of sympathetic neural signals promotes osteoarthritic pain in mice, whereas blocking these signals effectively alleviates pain. In vitro experiments also confirmed that norepinephrine released by sympathetic neurons promotes the activation and axonal growth of sensory neurons. Moreover, we also discovered that through releasing norepinephrine, regional sympathetic nerves of subchondral bone were found to regulate growth and activation of local sensory nerves synergistically with other pain regulators. This study identified the role of regional sympathetic nerves in mediating pain in TMJ-OA. It sheds light on a new mechanism of abnormal innervation at the osteochondral junction and the regional crosstalk between peripheral nerves, providing a potential target for treating TMJ-OA pain.
Multi-Class Plant Leaf Disease Detection: A CNN-based Approach with Mobile App Integration
Authors: Foysal Md Aziz Hosen , Ahmed Foyez , Haque Md Zahurul
Published: July 2024

Plant diseases significantly impact agricultural productivity, resulting in economic losses and food insecurity. Prompt and accurate detection is crucial for the efficient management and mitigation of plant diseases. This study investigates advanced techniques in plant disease detection, emphasizing the integration of image processing, machine learning, deep learning methods, and mobile technologies. High-resolution images of plant leaves were captured and analyzed using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to detect symptoms of various diseases, such as blight, mildew, and rust. This study explores 14 classes of plants and diagnoses 26 unique plant diseases. We focus on common diseases affecting various crops. The model was trained on a diverse dataset encompassing multiple crops and disease types, achieving 98.14% accuracy in disease diagnosis. Finally integrated this model into mobile apps for real-time disease diagnosis.
Flightless I as a molecular target to inhibit radiation-induced colorectal cancer metastasis.
Authors: Yusoff Amirah Alhusna Mohd , Abdullah Nurul Akmaryanti , Ahmad Tengku Ahbrizal Farizal Tengku , Ahmad Nor Ezleen Qistina , Has Nur Fariesha Md , Zakuan Noraina Muhamad
Published: July 2024

Exposure to radiation is expected to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells, but sometimes cells are resistant to ionizing radiation. This condition can lead to cancer cell metastasis and recurrence. The mechanisms leading to the development of radioresistance are not yet fully understood. Therefore, this study aims to determine the involvement of a cytoskeletal protein, Flightless I (FliI), in cancer progression and to assess the effect of radiation exposure on the role and functionality of FliI in HCT116 cells. The expression of FliI was measured in HCT116 cells, transfected with siRNA to reduce FliI activity, and validated by Western Blot. The colony formation assay revealed a significant difference in the number of cells forming colonies on FliI-silenced cells following exposure to 6 Gy radiation. Transwell migration and invasion assays shows that silencing FliI in HCT116 cells make the m less able to migrate and invade. Further investigation via a gelatin degradation assay revealed a significant reduction in the number of cells forming invadopodia in FliI-silenced HCT116 cells compared to controls. We proved the efficacy of FliI in inhibiting radiation-enhanced cancer migration and invasion, indicating its potential as a therapeutic target to enhance radiosensitization in CRC patients.
Serum PM20D1 levels is associated with nutritional status and inflammatory factors in gastric cancer patients undergoing early enteral nutrition
Authors: Jin Zhengyu , Chen Yuning
Published: July 2024

Background and Objective:
Early nutritional support holds paramount importance for postoperative gastric cancer (GC) patients. Peptidase M20 domain containing 1 (PM20D1) is a secretory enzyme associated with glucose and lipid metabolism. However, there is a dearth of clinical studies delving into the connection between PM20D1, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory factors in GC patients who have received enteral nutrition. This research aimed to investigate the serum levels of PM20D1 in GC patients following early enteral nutrition (EN) and its potential associations with lipid metabolism, nutritional markers, and inflammatory factors.
Methods
This prospective observational study enrolled 180 GC patients between May 2020 and July 2022. On the first postoperative day, all patients received enteral nutrition support, which was maintained for a duration of 5 days. Serum levels of PM20D1, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured on the seventh day after surgery using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data on demographics, clinical statistics, lipid metabolism, nutritional parameters, and the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) were collected. Patients were followed up for 12 months, and both overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were recorded.
Results
In the low PNI group, the serum levels of PM20D1, albumin (ALB), and blood lymphocytes (BL) showed significant reductions. Pearson analysis revealed a negative correlation between PM20D1 and IL-6 levels, whereas a positive correlation emerged between PM20D1 and ALB and BL levels. Furthermore, PM20D1 demonstrated potential as a biomarker for diagnosing poor nutritional status (PNI < 43) in GC patients and was a risk factor for poor nutritional status in GC patients.
Conclusion
Serum PM20D1 was remarkably declined in GC patients after early EN and was associated with poor nutritional status.
Impact of Clear Aligners on Gingivitis Incidence and Prevention Strategies in Adolescents and Adults: An Observational Study
Authors: Zhang Haiying , Bi Shuangyan , Zhang Xiaojun
Published: July 2024

Objective: This study aims to analyze the differences in gingivitis incidence among adolescents and adults using clear aligners for orthodontic correction and to evaluate the effectiveness of prevention strategies on orthodontic outcomes.
Methods: This observational study included 120 patients undergoing clear aligner orthodontic treatment from June 2018 to September 2023. Participants were divided into an adolescent group (66 cases) and an adult group (54 cases), each further split into a study group and a control group. Routine periodontal treatment and personalized oral hygiene education were provided, and the incidence of gingivitis was evaluated six months post-treatment.
Results: The incidence of gingivitis was significantly higher in the adolescent group compared to the adult group (P<0.05). Specifically, within the adolescent group, the study group exhibited a higher gingival index (GI) than the control group (P<0.05), while the difference in the adult group was not significant.
Conclusion: Adolescents using clear aligners are more prone to gingivitis compared to adults. Personalized oral hygiene education significantly reduces gingivitis incidence, particularly in adolescents.
Radiolabeled anti-PD-L1 peptide PET/CT in predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in resectable non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhou Xin , Yan Shi , Li Dan , Zhu Hua , Liu Bing , Liu Shiwei , Zhao Wei , Yang Zhi , Wu Nan , Li Nan
Published: July 2024

Background:
This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of baseline PD-L1 targeted peptide 68Ga-NOTA-WL12 PET/CT in neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy of resectable NSCLC.
Methods:
Patients with resectable NSCLC (n = 20) enrolled­­­­­­­ in this prospective study received baseline paired 68Ga-NOTA-WL12 PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT. After 2–4 cycles of toripalimab plus nab-paclitaxel and cisplatin, surgery was performed if R0 resection was available. The major pathologic response (MPR) state of the post-operative specimen was recorded. The imaging parameters of the 68Ga-NOTA-WL12 PET/CT, 18F-FDG PET/CT and CT between the MPR and non-MPR groups and their predictive efficacy of MPR were compared.
Results:
Among 20 patients, 17patients underwent surgery, 10 achieved an MPR and 7 did not. The SUVmax and tumour-to-blood pool (TBR) of baseline 68Ga-NOTA-WL12 in the MPR group were higher than those in the non-MPR group, and the difference of TBR was statistically significant. The DSULpeak% of 18F-FDG exhibited differences between the MPR and non-MPR groups with no significance. Baseline 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters and DD% failed to differentiate the two groups. The areas under the ROC curves of SUVmax, TBR in 68Ga-NOTA-WL12 PET/CT, DD% and DSULpeak% in 18F-FDG PET/CT were 0.76, 0.79, 0.71 and 0.80, respectively, in predicting MPR.
Conclusion:
Baseline 68Ga-NOTA-WL12 PET/CT has a potential to predict the pathological response of neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in patients with resectable NSCLC, whose efficacy is comparable to that of therapy evaluations employing baseline and follow-up CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT examinations.
Trial registration: NCT04304066, registered 13 November 2020, https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S000AEI9&selectaction=Edit&uid=U000503E&ts=2&cx=-awajet
Mitochondrial function in patients affected with fibromyalgia syndrome is impaired and correlates with disease severity
Authors: Macchi Chiara , Giachi Andrea , Fichtner Isabella , Pedretti Silvia , Puttini Piercarlo Sarzi , Mitro Nico , Corsini Alberto , Ruscica Massimiliano , Gualtierotti Roberta
Published: July 2024

Fibromyalgia is a musculoskeletal syndrome characterized by chronic widespread pain that is often associated with systemic manifestations. Since mitochondria are the main source of cellular energy, we hypothesized that fibromyalgia syndrome could be linked to mitochondrial impairment. Aim was to study mitochondrial dysfunction in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from 50 patients with primary fibromyalgia syndrome and 10 apparently healthy controls. Although no differences in mitochondrial basal respiration were observed between patients with primary fibromyalgia syndrome and healthy controls, a lower median bioenergetic health index (BHI; -22.4%, p = 0.03), a proxy of mitochondrial function, was found in patients. According to fibromyalgia severity score (FSS), a composite of widespread pain index and symptom severity scale, a lower median BHI (-18.7%) was found in patients with a FS ≥ 20 compared to those with a FSS < 20. Negative moderate correlations were found only between BHI and FSS (r= -0.36) and widespread pain index (r= -0.38). We demonstrated that patients with fibromyalgia syndrome had an impaired mitochondrial function. Additionally, we found a mild correlation between the widespread pain index and the BHI, possibly indicating that the altered mitochondrial function, in these patients, narrows musculoskeletal rather than central nervous system involvement.
Nature-based approaches: Facilitators and barriers to implementation in CAMHS
Authors: Mitchell Siobhan B. , Chapman Beth , Bonnici Hélène , Banks Hazel , Mareva Silvana , Hardwick Rebecca
Published: July 2024

Background: There is growing evidence that spending time with or in nature can be beneficial for health and wellbeing. Emerging evidence suggests potential benefits for staff and service users in healthcare settings, yet little is known about how to put NBAs into practice within the CAMHS setting. The CAMHS Goes Wild project in Southwest England aimed to explore the implementation of NBAs within CAMHS, examining staff attitudes and understanding to identify potential benefits and challenges through a mixed methods study.
Methods: Sixty-four CAMHS staff attended NatureWell training. The study involved three phases of data collection: an online survey with two waves, the first wave prior to the training, and the second four months post-training, and semi-structured interviews. All participants were sampled from one NHS Trust and the study was open to both those who had attended the NatureWell training and those who had not. Data were synthesised to produce an understanding of staff attitudes towards NBAs and perceived barriers and facilitators to the implementation of this approach.
Results: Ninety-seven staff responded to the wave 1 survey and 57 responded to the wave 2 survey. Fourteen staff members were interviewed. Data synthesis generated three themes: Tension between the culture of CAMHS and NBAs (Theme 1) and the need for buy-in and governance support (Theme 2). Theme three described the potential benefits of NBAs for staff and service users in CAMHS. The first two themes are presented in this paper.
Conclusions: The implementation of NBAs in mental health service settings for CYP presents both significant challenges and opportunities. Our findings suggest multiple barriers to implementation, often in the form of organisational or cultural factors, such as the risk averse nature of the service. Our work also elucidates several potential facilitators which may address or mitigate some of these barriers. These potential enablers, such as harnessing the role of firsthand experience, warrant further exploration in the implementation of NBAs in CAMHS.
The Impact of different Standing positions on Pelvic Muscle Activation and Lumbar Lordosis in LBP-developers during prolonged standing
Authors: Abbasi Saeedeh , Minoonejad Hooman , Mousavi Seyed Hamed , Abbasi Hamed
Published: July 2024

Low back pain (LBP) development has been associated with increased hip muscle co-activation and lumbar lordosis during standing in previously asymptomatic individuals. It is commonly advised to use footrests to relieve LB. The impact of adjusting arm position on lumbar biomechanics can also be impressive. This study aimed to compare the effects of normalized footrest height and changing arm position on muscle activity, lumbar lordosis, and pain intensity. Twenty-four female pain developers (PDs) were recruited, identified by a > 10 mm increase on the visual analog scale (VAS) during prolonged standing. Electromyography (EMG) recorded hip muscle activity, and photogrammetry measured lumbar lordosis during one hour of standing. The first group used the footrest intermittently, while the second group additionally changed their arm positions. Both groups showed decreased gluteus medius co-activation during prolonged standing (p = 0.003), with the second group showing lower levels. A significant time effect on lumbar lordosis angle was observed in both groups (p < 0.01). Although lumbar discomfort increased over time and stepping interventions reduced this discomfort, with the second group reporting lower pain intensity (p < 0.05). Applying these interventions in the workplace could be beneficial to reduce discomfort for individuals who stand for long periods of time. Further research is needed to optimize these strategies and assess long-term benefits.
NCAM1 Modulates the Proliferation and Migration of Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells in Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Chen Yunwei , Liu Ningxin , Yang Yunjing , Yang Lingzhi , Li Yan , Qiao Zhuo , Zhang Yumin , Li Ailing , Xiang Rui , Wen Li , Huang Wei
Published: July 2024

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a malignant vascular disease characterized by pulmonary arterial remodeling. Neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (NCAM1) is a cell surface glycoprotein that is involved in a variety of diseases, including cardiovascular disease. However, the role of NCAM1 in PH remains underexplored.
Methods:Pulmonary hypertension models were established using monocrotaline in rats and hypoxia in mice. NCAM1 protein levels in plasma from patients and rats were measured by ELISA. Expression of NCAM1 in rat rat lung tissues were evaluated using qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence. The effects of NCAM1 on rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells were studied by stimulating these cells with PDGF-BB.
Results: Elevated levels of NCAM1 protein and mRNA were observed in both PH patients and monocrotaline-induced PH rats. NCAM1 knockdown ameliorated hypoxia-induced PH, highlighting its role in pulmonary artery remodeling. In PASMCs, NCAM1 expression was upregulated by PDGF-BB stimulation, enhancing cell proliferation and migration. This effect was attenuated by NCAM1 knockdown but partially restored by an ERK1/2 pathway activator (tert-Butylhydroquinone, TBHQ), suggesting NCAM1's involvement in PASMC dynamics through the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
Conclusion: Our findings confirm the role of NCAM1 in pulmonary arterial hypertension and demonstrate its promotion of PASMC proliferation and migration through the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
Lysozyme and Vancomycin Co-Loaded on Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles; a “Trojan Horse” with Synergistic Antimicrobial Effects
Authors: Namdar Nasrin , Fasaei Bahar Nayeri , Shariati Parvin , Joghataei Seyed Mehdi , Arpanaei Ayyoob
Published: July 2024

Nanotechnology is emerging as a novel strategy to increase the susceptibility of pathogens resistant to conventional antibiotics. Another effective approach is combination therapy, where multiple therapeutic agents are used simultaneously to enhance treatment efficiency. In this study, both nanoparticles-based formulation and combinatorial therapy were employed to create an effective antibacterial system targeting infectious bacteria. Lysozyme (Lys) and Vancomycin (Van) were co-loaded onto mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), resulting in Lys-Van-MSNs. The antimicrobial activity of these nanoparticles was assessed by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Staphylococcus aureus. The MIC values for Lys-Van-MSNs were 0.85 µg/ml for Van and 0.168 mg/ml for Lys, indicating reductions of 86.4% and 93.7% respectively, compared to the free forms of Van and Lys. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of these antimicrobial complexes was tested using MTT, ROS, and hemolysis assays on three different human cell lines: breast, fibroblast, and AGS cells, showing negligible cytotoxic effects. Given their synergistic bactericidal properties and excellent biocompatibility, the MSNs-based formulation of combined antimicrobial agents presents a straightforward and effective approach for developing robust tools to combat bacterial infections.
E-MobileViT: A Lightweight Model for Traffic Sign Recognition
Authors: Song Shiqi , Ye Xinfeng , Manoharan Sathiamoorthy
Published: July 2024

Traffic sign recognition is crucial for intelligent transportation and autonomous driving, ensuring road safety and efficient traffic management. In this paper, a lightweight enhanced MobileViT model (E-MobileViT) is proposed. It is based on the MobileViT model, combining the advantages of CNN and Transformer. We integrate Efficient Local Attention (ELA) and Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) mechanisms in the model to improve feature extraction. The proposed model improves the feature fusion structure, and significantly reduces the number of model parameters. We evaluated the model on German Traffic Sign Recognition Benchmark (GTSRB), Belgian Traffic Signs Database (BTSD) and China Traffic Signs Database (TSRD) datasets, and its accuracy reaches 99.61%, 99.26% and 97.34%, respectively, which outperforms traditional and advanced models. We confirmed the key role of ELA and CBAM mechanisms through ablation experiments. With fewer parameters than mainstream models, our E-MobileViT model is suitable for resource-constrained environments such as mobile devices, providing a balanced solution for traffic sign recognition tasks.
Morphological and metabolic analysis of Streptomyces rimosus microparticle-enhanced cultivation (MPEC) at various initial organic nitrogen concentrations
Authors: Ścigaczewska Anna , Boruta Tomasz , Grzesiak Weronika , Bizukojć Marcin
Published: July 2024

The influence of talc microparticles on metabolism and morphology of S. rimosus at various initial organic nitrogen concentrations was investigated. The shake flask cultivations were conducted in the media with yeast extract (nitrogen source) concentration equal to 1 g YE L− 1 and 20 g YE L− 1. Two talc microparticle concentrations of 5 g TALC L− 1 and 10 g TALC L− 1 were tested in microparticle-enhanced cultivation (MPEC) runs. A high nitrogen concentration of 20 g YE L− 1 promoted the development of small agglomerates (pellets) of projected area lower than 105 µm2 and dispersed pseudohyphae. A low nitrogen concentration of 1 g YE L− 1 led to the limitation of S. rimosus growth and, in consequence, the development of the smaller number of large pseudohyphal agglomerates (pellets) of projected area higher than 105 µm2 compared to the culture containing a high amount of nitrogen source. In both cases talc microparticles were embedded into pellets and caused the decrease in their sizes. The lower amount of talc (5 g TALC L− 1) usually caused the weaker effect on S. rimosus morphology and metabolite production than the higher one. This correlation between the microparticles effect on morphology and metabolism of S. rimosus was especially noticeable in the biosynthesis of oxytetracycline, 2-acetyl-2-dicarboxamide oxytetracycline (ADOTC) and spinoxazine A. Compared to the control run, in MPEC their levels increased 4-fold, 5-fold and 1.6-fold respectively. The addition of talc also improved the production of 2-methylthio-cis-zeatin, lorneic acid J and milbemycin A3.
Clinical application of CNV-Seq in the diagnosis of children with abnormal brain development in 130 cases
Authors: Zhu Shaohua , Cheng Shibing , Jia Chunyang , Lin Pengwu , Zhang Peng , Guo YuanYuan , Liu Furong , Feng Xuan
Published: July 2024

Background To evaluate the diagnostic value of applying genome copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq) in the genetic etiology of abnormal brain development (ABD).
Methods We selected 130 ABD patients discovered in Gansu Maternal and Child Health Hospital from December 2018 to October 2023 as the research subjects, divided into non-syndrome ABD group and syndrome ABD group, performed CNV-seq testing and analyzed the genetic causes of copy number variation.
Results In the 130 cases, we detected a total of 42 abnormal samples, with an abnormal detection rate of 32.3%, included 3 cases (2.3%) of aneuploidy and 39 cases (30%) of CNVs; of which 15 cases were detected in the non-syndrome ABD group, included 1 case (6.67%, 1/15) of aneuploidy, 4 cases (26.7%，4/15) of pathogenic CNVs (pCNVs) and 10 case (66.7%，10/15) of variant of uncertain significance (VUS), and 27 cases were detected in the syndrome-type ABD group, including 2 cases (7.4%, 2/27) of aneuploidy, 19 cases (70.4%, 19/27) of pCNVs and 6 cases (22.2%, 6/27) of VUS. Chi-square test suggested that the difference in detection rate was statistically significant (P<0.05).
Conclusion In current study, the application of CNV-Seq in all ABD patient groups has a high abnormal detection rate, especially in the population of syndrome ABD, the detection rate was higher than that of non-syndrome ABD, but in the population of non-syndrome ABD patients, due to the low positive detection rate and the lack of obvious clinical phenotypes, such population were more likely to be neglected in clinical practice. Accordingly, more attention should be paid to population with non-syndrome ABD. In addition, prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling should be performed in a timely manner for these of patients.
Do wild-caught Drosophilids cooperatively forage?
Authors: Kuhar Reeves , Williamson Madeline , Yee Peyton , Naik Guzel , Cursain Sean Michael , Condron Barry
Published: July 2024

Animals often form organized cooperative foraging groups, where individual members must adhere to specific rules to maintain cohesiveness. These groups face the challenge of managing potential intruders, who may or may not assist in foraging. In semi-liquid food environments, Drosophila larvae learn to synchronize their movements into clusters, which are thought to make feeding more efficient. Individuals who do not synchronize with the group are excluded from the cluster. Whether clustering behavior occurs in wild-caught larvae, and if so, the extent of their selectivity in group membership, remains unknown. Here, we show that clustering occurs across a number of Drosophilid species, and the capacity to join different clusters varies both between and within species. We collected and observed a larval cluster from rotting fruit in the field, yielding seven Drosophilid species. Subsequent tests for clustering on five stable lines from this collection and 20 other inbred wild-caught lines revealed that all species, except D. suzukii, exhibit clustering behavior. Each line demonstrates varying capacities to become members of different clusters. Additionally, combinations of wild species with lab benchmark strains give varied outcomes in resultant adult fitness. The ability to co-cluster varies between and within species boundaries. However, fly lines that cluster with another tend to impart fitness both to themselves and their host. Our findings demonstrate that multiple species of fly larvae can co-cluster, with variations in clustering ability likely due to genetic factors. This behavior tends to confer mutual benefits to cluster members, suggesting significant ecological implications in Drosophila communities.
Prophylactic Para-aortic lymph node dissection in Colo-Rectal cancer; pilot Study
Authors: Abdalwahab Abdalwahab R. , Abdelhamed Mohamed A , Gad Mai , Allam Rasha Mahmood , Hussein Alaa
Published: July 2024

Background: Colorectal cancer is the 3rd most common cancer worldwide, representing 10% of all cancer types, and is considered the 2nd leading cause of cancer-related deaths. It usually metastasizes to the liver or lung. Para-aortic lymph node metastasis is considered a metastatic disease (stage 4) according to the AJCC and is considered a regional disease (stage 3) according to the JSCCR. Para-aortic lymph node metastases occur in about 1% of cases. Neoadjuvant CTH, followed by PALN, is the best option for metastatic para-aortic LNs in colorectal cancer patients. This study addresses the value of prophylactic para-aortic LN dissection among colon-rectal cancer patients (overtreatment protocol).
Methodology: This is a prospective study that included patients attending NCI, Cairo University, from December 2020 to December 2023 who were complaining of left colonic cancer or recto-sigmoid cancer and underwent left hemicolectomy, sigmoid colectomy, or LAR. All patients underwent formal mesenteric LN dissection and prophylactic para-aortic LN dissection.
Results: Among 60 patients who underwent colorectal surgery with prophylactic para-aortic LN dissection, 21 cases (35%) were in the descending colon, 22 cases (36.7%) were in the sigmoid colon, 11 cases (18.3%) were in the recto-sigmoid, and 6 cases (10%) were in the upper rectum. 55 cases (91.7%) were in grade 2, and 5 cases (8.3%) were in grade 3. Neoadjuvant CTH was given in 3 cases (5%) while neoadjuvant RTH was given in 6 cases (10%). Regarding reported postoperative complications, lymphorrhea was reported in 2 patients (3.3%) and wound infection occurred in 6 patients (10%). A recurrence was reported among 8 cases (13.4%).
Conclusions: We aimed in this study to highlight the value of prophylactic para-aortic lymph node dissection among colorectal cancer patients (over-treatment protocol) and report its reflection on predicting the behavior of the disease and subsequently selecting the patients who will be suitable to do this procedure.
How many specialists and residents in Clinical Psychology are required in the Spanish National Health System? A needs-based study
Authors: Prado-Abril Javier , Fernández-García Xacobe , Barber Patricia , Vega Irene de la , Vilagrà Raül , Fernández-Jiménez Eduardo
Published: July 2024

Background
The Spanish National Health System (NHS) faces a significant shortage of specialists in Clinical Psychology with only 5.58 per 100,000 inhabitants. This study aimed to estimate the required number of specialists and residents in Clinical Psychology to provide adequate psychological treatments to the population in the Spanish public NHS.
Methods
A needs-based model was adapted to forecast the required total number of clinical psychologists and the annual increase in the positions of residents in Clinical Psychology (PIR). This model followed five steps: 1) obtaining Spanish prevalence rates for three broad mental disorder categories (depression, anxiety, and others) from the 2017 National Health Survey (ENSE); 2) multiplying the prevalence rates by the Spanish population; 3) defining the percentage of cases eligible for treatment under three predefined scenarios (protocolized, intermediate, and adjusted); 4) operationalizing the characteristics of the three treatment scenarios (session number and duration); and 5) calculating the total number of specialists and the annual increase required of residents in Clinical Psychology.
Results
Depending on the treatment scenario, the estimations show a need for Clinical Psychology specialists ranging from 1,665 to 13,527 for treating depressive disorders, 1,792 to 9,799 for anxiety disorders, and 2,074 to 8,294 clinical psychologists specifically for other mental disorders. On the other hand, depending on the treatment scenario and the timeframe to achieve the number of professionals estimated (within 3, 5, 8, or 10 years), for example, to achieve those estimations of professionals within three years, and according to the adjusted treatment scenario, the Spanish health system should offer approximately 481 PIR positions yearly during three years.
Conclusions
A significant increase in the number of PIR positions is necessary to meet the growing demand for psychological treatment in the Spanish NHS. Investing in a mental health workforce can lead to substantial health and economic benefits. This study provides valuable insights for workforce planning and highlights the importance of addressing the shortage of clinical psychologists in Spanish public NHS.
Programmable Protein Stabilization with Language Model-Derived Peptide Guides
Authors: Hong Lauren , Ye Tianzheng , Wang Tian , Sri Divya , Zhao Lin , Watson Rio , Vincoff Sophia , Chen Tianlai , Kholina Kseniia , Goel Shrey , DeLisa Matthew , Chatterjee Pranam
Published: July 2024

Dysregulated protein degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway can induce numerous disease phenotypes, including cancer, neurodegeneration, and diabetes. Stabilizing improperly ubiquitinated proteins via target-specific deubiquitination is thus a critical therapeutic goal. Building off the major advances in targeted protein degradation (TPD) using bifunctional small-molecule degraders, targeted protein stabilization (TPS) modalities have been described recently. However, these rely on a limited set of chemical linkers and warheads, which are difficult to generate de novo for new targets and do not exist for classically “undruggable” targets. To address the limited reach of small molecule-based degraders, we previously engineered ubiquibodies (uAbs) by fusing computationally-designed “guide” peptides to E3 ubiquitin ligase domains for modular, CRISPR-analogous TPD. Here, we expand the TPS target space by engineering “deubiquibodies” (duAbs) via fusion of computationally-designed guides to the catalytic domain of the potent OTUB1 deubiquitinase. In human cells, duAbs effectively stabilize exogenous and endogenous proteins in a DUB-dependent manner. To demonstrate duAb modularity, we swap in new target-binding peptides designed via our generative language models to stabilize diverse target proteins, including key tumor suppressor proteins such as p53 and WEE1, as well as heavily-disordered fusion oncoproteins, such as PAX3::FOXO1. In total, our duAb system represents a simple, programmable, CRISPR-analogous strategy for TPS.
A W chromosome-derived feminizing piRNA in pyralid moths demonstrates convergent evolution for primary sex determination signals in Lepidoptera
Authors: Visser Sander , Provazníková Irena , Dalíková Martina , Voříšková Dagmar , Voleníková Anna Chung , Verhulst Eveline C. , Marec František
Published: July 2024

Background
The primary signals of sex determination in insects are diverse and evolve erratically. This also appears to be the case with moths and butterflies. In the silkworm Bombyx mori, female development is triggered by a W-linked Feminizer (Fem) piRNA by degrading the mRNA of the Z-linked Masculinizer (Masc) gene, which controls male development. However, Fem piRNA is absent in the related Trilocha varians. Since a mechanism similar to that in the silkworm has evolved in the phylogenetically distant Plutella xylostella, we investigated whether this mechanism is also conserved in other groups of Lepidoptera.
Results
We examined the W chromosome of Ephestia kuehniella for non-coding feminizing genes and identified a putative feminizing piRNA and many partial copies of the EkMasc gene. The piRNA is generated by a repetitive W-linked sequence named E. kuehniella Moth-overruler-of-masculinization (EkMom). EkMom piRNA shows high similarity to a region of the Z-linked EkMasc genes and is expressed at the onset of female development, suggesting that it is likely the primary trigger of sex determination. We then mapped small RNA-seq data from embryos of the related Plodia interpunctella to the PiMasc gene and identified a single small RNA, a putative PiMom piRNA, able to target PiMasc, and with high sequence identity to EkMom piRNA. Both the PiMom and EkMom repeats are present in high copy number and form a single cluster on the W chromosome.
Conclusions
Our study provides multiple lines of evidence that a small piRNA is the putative primary sex-determining signal in two pyralid moths and highlights a possible pathway for the origin of feminizing piRNAs in Lepidoptera. A similarity between the proposed mechanism for female sex determination in E. kuehniella and P. interpunctella (Pyralidae) and P. xylostella (Plutellidae) and the Fem piRNA function in B. mori (Bombycidae) suggests convergent evolution of feminizing piRNAs in Lepidoptera.
Conservation genetic evaluation of Juniperus communis sensu lato (ssp. communis, ssp. nana and ssp. communis var. intermedia) in Slovakia
Authors: Klobučník Miroslav , Kormuťák Andrej , Jurčík Ján , Galgóci Martin
Published: July 2024

The study investigates the population structure, hybridization, and adaptation of Juniperus communis sensu lato in the context of recent habitat fragmentation across Europe, using inter-Primer Binding Site (iPBS) markers and needle morphometry. Three operational taxonomic units, all native to Slovakia, are analyzed: J. communis ssp. communis, J. communis ssp. nana, and their putative hybrid, J. communis ssp. communis var. intermedia. The results show a moderate overall structure (𝛷𝑃𝑇=0.115, 𝑝=0.001), indicating high gene flow within ssp. communis and low gene flow between ssp. communis and ssp. nana. However, the inter-subspecies differentiation dropped significantly after correcting for non-neutral loci, which implies adaptive divergence despite substantial gene flow. This conclusion is further supported by admixture regression and 𝛷𝑃𝑇-𝑄𝑆𝑇 comparison. In needle morphometry, we find genetic differentiation by selection to be relatively important compared to phenotypic plasticity. This can be highly relevant for conservation measures due to the risk of outbreeding depression. Finally, we identify var. intermedia as the hybrid of the two subspecies, suggesting it as an evolutionary significant unit.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention among barbing and beauty salon operators in Somalia, 2024
Authors: Hussein Saadaq Adan , Osman Marian Muse , Abdulle Yahye Sheikh , Hussein Abdirahman Aden , Tahlil Abdullahi Ahmed , Nur Ahmed Mohamed , Fuje Mohamed M. , Yusuf Mohamed Farah , Adem Rage , Osman Abdirahman Abdikadir , Hashi Mohamed Abdurahman , Ali Ayan Nor , Hayle Abdullahi Ali , Mohamed Mohamed Adan , Mohamud Omar Mohamed , Farah AbdulJalil Abdullahi , Umeokonkwo Chukwuma David
Published: July 2024

Introduction: HIV/AIDS is a global public health issue affecting 40.4 million lives. Barbershops and beauty salons pose health risks due to the use of sharp tools, which can transmit blood-borne diseases like HIV. Training and capacity building can enhance service quality and prevent disease transmission. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and prevention practices of HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention among barbing and beauty salon operators in Somalia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 barbers and beauty salon operators in Districts Mogadishu selected using multistage sampling techniques from September 2023 to June 2024. A structured questionnaire was used to assess their knowledge, attitude and practice about HIV/AIDs transmission and prevention. The factors associated with the knowledge, attitude and practice of the barbers and beauty salon operators about HIV/AIDs were explored using multiple logistic regression. Data was analyzed using Stata Version 15.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 27±6.6 years. A majority 65.3% (261/400) were males, 52.8% (211/400) were single, and 77.0% (308/400) had no formal education. Only 23.0% (92/400) had good knowledge, 19.0% (76/400) had a good attitude, and 6.5% (26/400) had good practice towards HIV transmission and prevention. Participants with secondary education have a higher odds of having a good attitude than those with primary and non-formal education though the difference was not significant (AOR = 1.0 (95% CI: 0.37–3.93, p = 0.941).
Conclusion: Barbers' awareness and education about HIV/AIDS and age-related factors contributing to infection spread are poor, and local health authorities could significantly reduce the spread of these pathogens through occupational hazards training.
Predicting Learning Achievement Using Ensemble Learning with Result Explanation
Authors: Tong Tingting , Li Zhen
Published: July 2024

Predicting learning achievement is a crucial strategy to address high dropout rates. However, existing prediction models often exhibit biases, limiting their accuracy. Moreover, the lack of interpretability in current machine learning methods restricts their practical application in education. To overcome these challenges, this research combines the strengths of various machine learning algorithms to design a robust model that performs well across multiple metrics, and uses interpretability analysis to elucidate the prediction results. This study introduces a predictive framework for learning achievement based on ensemble learning techniques. Specifically, six distinct machine learning models are utilized to establish a base learner, with logistic regression serving as the meta-learner to construct an ensemble model for predicting academic performance. The SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) model is then employed to explain the prediction results. The model’s accuracy was validated on classification tasks. The results demonstrate that the ensemble learning-based predictive framework significantly outperforms conventional machine learning methods. Through feature importance analysis, the SHAP method enhances model interpretability and improves the reliability of the prediction results, enabling more personalized interventions to support students.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Three Different Skin Substitutes for the Treatment of Pediatric Burns
Authors: Delgado-Miguel Carlos , Morán Ada García , Gómez Lara Fuentes , Díaz Mercedes , Miguel-Ferrero Miriam , López-Gutiérrez Juan Carlos
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Early debridement of partial-thickness burns and coverage with skin substitutes is currently the standard of care in children, although there is currently no “gold standard” skin substitute Our aim is to compare the effectiveness of three different skin substitutes, analyzing the medium and long-term outcomes.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on burn patients under 18-years admitted to our Burn Unit between 2015-2021, who were divided into 3 groups according to the type of skin substitute used (EZ-derm®, Biobrane® and Suprathel®). Demographic, clinical data and short- and long-term outcomes were analyzed. Effectiveness was analyzed by escharectomy and grafting rate during acute management and long-term follow-up reintervention rate.
Results: A total of 378 patients were included (179 Ez-derm®group, 107 Biobrane® group and 92 Suprathel® group). No differences in demographics or burn characteristics were observed between them. Patients treated with Suprathel®had a significantly shorter hospital stay [median 4 days (IQR 2-9)], a lower rate of escharectomy and grafting during acute management (21.1%), and a lower long-term follow-up reintervention rate (18.5%) when compared to the Ez-derm® group [median stay 9 days (IQR 6-13); escharectomy and graft 24.6% and reintervention 26.8%] and to the Biobrane® group [median stay 9 days (IQR 7-14); escharectomy and graft 32.1% and reintervention 26.2%].
Conclusion: Treatment of partial-thickness burns with Suprathel® is associated with a shorter hospital stay, lower need for escharectomy and grafting, and lower need for long-term reintervention. Therefore, it should be considered the treatment of choice for pediatric partial-thickness burns.
Impact of single-use gloves on the five indications for hand hygiene
Authors: Mattner Clara J. , Neuwirth Meike , Otchwemah Robin , Senges Christoph , Mattner Frauke
Published: July 2024

Background
Hand disinfection at the correct indications is generally considered to be one of the most important measures in the prevention of nosocomial infections. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to changes in the hygiene behaviour of healthcare workers, including an increased desire for self-protection, which is likely to have led to increased and inappropriate use of gloves as a substitute for hand disinfection.
Aim
To investigate the effect of glove use on hand hygiene compliance using the WHO Five Moments model.
Methods
Direct observations were made in one ICU, one IMC and one normal ward in a university hospital over a period of six months. For documentation, the WHO five moments model was extended to include glove use and contamination, and a measure of uncertainty to assess which moments could not be fully observed.
Findings
A total of 852 hand disinfection indications were observed. Overall compliance for all indications was 63% when uncertain or incomplete observations were included and 68% when only complete observations were considered. Gloves were worn in 32% of cases. The lowest compliance (40%) was observed before aseptic procedures, where gloves were frequently worn (77%) and frequently contaminated (24%). Glove use increased the risk to not perform a hand disinfection before an aseptic procedure (OR 4.97, CI95% 2.24; 12.48).
Conclusion
As both, indicated and non-indicated glove use influence hand hygiene compliance, observations of hand hygiene compliance should be extended to include observations of glove use. As glove use is frequent and often non-compliant before aseptic procedures, the most important indication for infection prevention, this phenomenon requires immediate attention from researchers and educators. When including incompletely observable hand hygiene moments hand disinfection compliance (HDC) was 5% points lower than HDC obtained by the classical WHO observation model.