bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of action of functional lipids and metabolites for patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Ajay Amrendra K. , Vig Shritu , Sabbisetti Venkata S.
Published: May 2019

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a general term for a diverse variety of cause affecting kidney structure and function. The term “chronic” is because the damage to the kidneys happens slowly over a long period of time. Damaged kidneys cannot filter extra water and wastes out of blood as compared to the healthy kidneys. The disease prognosis and control are categorized based on disease severity, which is evaluated by glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and albuminuria, and clinical diagnosis. Progression of CKD thus causes wastes to build up in the body and is associated with a number of severe complications, including increased incidence of cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, anemia, and metabolic bone disease.Forty percent of CKD is a result of complications associated with diabetes. Patients with diabetes are suggested to intake reduced amount of carbohydrates and increased amount of proteins. Patients with CKD are suggested to intake a low protein diet. Thus, there is a fine need for CKD patients to understand the food constituents and functional components. Given the intricacies of the renal diet and the difficulties faced by patients due to conflicting recommendations and complexities faced in understanding processed food labels, there is a lot of emphasis in the present world to change the focus in CKD away from what not to eat to the concept of good nutrition as positive medicine or therapy for kidney patients.Specifically, there has been a surge in consumer interest on the beneficial role of specific foods with physiologically-active food components, so-called functional foods benefitting CKD. In the past century, increased attention to lifestyle and healthy diets has led to an increase in demand for functional foods.Thus, this review will discuss the key components that have been in investigated in vivo using rodent models, some clinical trials and studies for being identified as a ‘nutraceuticals’ for patients with CKD.KEYWORDS: Chronic kidney disease, Functional food, Conjugated Linoleic acid, LDL, HDL, Protein diet, Omega fatty acids, L-Carnitine.
Sürdürülebilir Bilinç Ölçeği'nin Türkçe'ye Uyarlanması
Authors: YÜKSEL Yücel , YILDIZ Bayram
Published: May 2019

Bu
çalışmanın amacı Michalos, Creech, Swayze, Kahlke, Buckler & Rempel (2012)
tarafından geliştirilen, Gericke, Pauw, Berlung & Olsson (2018) tarafından
güncellenen orijinal adı “Sustainability Consciousness Questionnaire” olan
ölçme aracının Türkçe’ye uyarlanmasıdır. Bu araştırmaya Batı Karadeniz
bölgesinin orta ölçekli bir ilinde yer alan 5 okuldan (1 sağlık meslek, 1
endüstri meslek, 1 fen lisesi, 2 anadolu lisesi)  toplam 1085 öğrenci gönüllü olarak
katılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde ölçeğin orijinal yapısına bağlı kalınarak
Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi yapılmıştır. AFA
sonucunda üç madde faktör yüklerinin düşük olması ve diğer faktörleri de
yaklaşık oranlarda temsil etmesi nedeniyle ölçekten çıkarılmıştır. Üç alt
ölçekten oluşan SBÖ’nün AFA ve DFA sonuçları ölçeğin orijinal, İsveç ve Tayvan
versiyonları ile uygunluk gösterdiğini kanıtlamıştır. Ölçeğin uyum
geçerliliğini ortaya koymak için Standart Faktör Yükleri, AVE ve CR değerleri
hesaplanmıştır. Hesaplanan değerler ölçeğin uyum geçerliliğini doğrulamaktadır.
Ölçeğin ayırma geçerliliğini ortaya koymak amacıyla alt ölçeklere ait her bir
faktör için AVE değerleri ile bu faktörler arasındaki korelasyon katsayısının
karesi karşılaştırılmış, ayırma geçerliliğinin sağlandığı analizler neticesinde
ortaya konmuştur. Ölçeğin ayırt ediciliğini test etmek için madde analizi, üst
% 27 ile alt % 27’lik gruplar arasındaki farkların anlamlılığı için t-testi
yapılmış, ölçekte yer alan maddelerin kişileri ne derece ayırt ettiğini ortaya
koymak için ise düzeltilmiş madde toplam korelasyonları hesaplanmıştır. Madde
toplam korelasyonlarının .300 ile .819 arasında, t değerlerinin de 2.237 ile
18.812 arasında değiştiği gözlenmiş, ölçeğin tüm maddelerinin ayırt edicilik
güçlerinin yeterli olduğu (p<.05)
görülmektedir. Ölçeğin geneli için Cronbach katsayısı 0.860 olarak
hesaplanmıştır.
Air emission inventory and application TAPM-AERMOD models to study air quality from 34 ports in Ho Chi Minh City
Authors: Vu Khue Hoang Ngoc , Pham Thanh Thi Nguyet , Ho Bang Quoc , Nguyen Tam Thoai , Nguyen Hang Thi Thuy
Published: May 2019

The port system of Ho Chi Minh City including 34 ports, serves as the gateway to the South (including the South East and the Mekong Delta) in export and import activities. In which contribute a huge amount of pollutants to the atmosphere in Ho Chi Minh City. The objective of this study is to: (i) Calculating air emissions from ports system in Ho Chi Minh city using the SPDGIZ model which emits a large amount of air pollutants such as sulfur oxide (SOX), nitrogen oxide (NOX), fine dust (PM2.5, PM10), volatile organic compounds (VOC), carbon monoxide (CO) from large ships (Ocean going vessels - OGVs), towing ships (Harbor Crafts - HCs), cargo handling equipment (Cargo handling equipment - CHE) and other vehicles (Heavy trucks – HVs); (ii) Using dispersion model TAPM-AERMOD to assess the impact of port operations to air quality in surouding port area; (iii) Proposing abatement measures based on the results of simulation to reduce emissions/ air pollution levels. The results of emission inventory show that the total port emissions are largely NOX and SOX mainly from large ships (OGVs) and cargo handling equipment (CHE) due to the use of heavy oil and diesel which have high sulfur content. The results show that the time at which a mooring boat is the most time consuming (accounting for over 90% of total emissions from OGVs).
KAJIAN TINGKAT PEMAHAMAN MAHASISWA AKUNTANSI TERHADAP SISTEM PENGADAIAN SYARIAH
Authors: Puteri Ayu Pratiwi Rosmiati
Published: May 2019

Gadai menurut istilah syariah adalah menahan sesuatu disebabkan adanya hak yangmemungkinkan hak itu bisa dipenuhi dari sesuatu tersebut.Maksudnya menjadikan al-Aini(barang, harta yang barangnya berwujud konkrit, kebalikan dari ad-Dain atau utang) yangmemiliki nilai menurut pandangan syara’ sebagai watsiqah (pengukuhan, jaminan) utang,sekiranya barang itu memungkinkan untuk digunakan membayar seluruh atau sebagian utangyang ada.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pemahaman mahasiswa akuntansi tentang pegadaian syariah. Metode penelitian ini adalah survey dengan pendekatan analisis kuantitatif. Teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu Simple Random Sampling, pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Alat Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah regresi linierberganda dengan uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji-F. Semua analisis diatas dihitungmenggunakan program SPSS 16.Hasil pengujian dinyatakan bahwa variabel mata kuliah Bank dan Lembaga Keuanganberpengaruh signifikan terhadap pemahaman sistem pegadaian syariah.
UTILITY OF CLINICAL AND RADIOLOGICAL SIGNS IN AIRWAY FOREIGNBODIES
Authors: . Deepchand , Nayak Pooja D , Samor Vivek , Bishnoi Ramchandra
Published: May 2019

Background: Foreign Body Aspiration (FBA) is a grave problem in children and delays in diagnosis and management can be devastating. The history is very often vague, with subtle physical and chest radiograph abnormalities

Aim: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of the triad: history of chocking, unilateral reduction in air entry to lungs, unilateral hyperinflation or collapse on chest X-ray.

Results: In our study sensitivity of history of chocking in detection of FB was 80.47%, specificity was 20.45%. Sensitivity of examination finding of unilateral decrease in air entry to lungs in detection of FB was 71.59%%, specificity was 4.545%.  Sensitivity and specificity of chest radiograph in detection of FB was 54.43% and 47.72% respectively. When the triad of history of chocking, decreased air entry on examination and chest radiograph finding of hyperinflation or collapse was considered in detection of FB in airway sensitivity was 59.76% while specificity was 79.54%.

Conclusion: Bronchoscopy is a gold standard in diagnosis of FBA. History, physical examination and radiologic studies have a very low specificity in detection of FBA. The triad of history of chocking, decreased air entry on examination and chest radiograph finding of hyperinflation or collapse has a better specificity in detection of FBA than individual parameters.
SERUM MAGNESIUM LEVEL IN DIABETIC RETINOPATHY - A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Vijayapriya Dr. I. , S Dr. Prakash. , Hemadharshini Dr. S.
Published: May 2019

Background: Among different complications of diabetes, ddiabetic retinopathy is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. Increase in the frequency of lower serum magnesium levels have been reported among patients with diabetes.

Materials and methods: A total of 120 subjects were included in this study and divided into 3 groups. The study groups consisted of 40 patients that are type 2 diabetes with retinopathy and 40 patients with type 2 diabetes without retinopathy and control group consisted of 40 healthy subjects respectively. Both cases and controls were subjected to estimation of biochemical parameters.

Results: Among the study population, (80) 66.67% participants were cases and another (40) 33.33% participants were controls. Among the people who had mild NPDR, the median Mg was 1.90 (IQR 1.80, 2.00). It was 1.90 (1.70, 2.00), 1.75 (1.67, 1.92), 1.8 (1.69, 2.0) and 2.10 (1.90, 2.20) among people with DM retinopathy moderate NPDR, severe NPDR, Proliferative retinopathy and no retinopathy respectively. The difference in the Mg across DM retinopathy was statistically significant (P Value 0.008). The difference between the values among both the case and control groups for certain parameters such as SBP, FBG, PPBG, HbA1c, Magnesium, Urea, and Creatinine were found to be statistically significant.

Conclusion: Serum magnesium levels were significantly lower in patients with diabetic retinopathy compared to diabetics without complications and control group.

Keywords:  Diabetes mellitus, Diabetic retinopathy, Magnesium
DIABETES; A HINDRANCE IN MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASES
Authors: Johnson Blessy. K. , Raju Mareena , S Ambarish , R Bharathii D
Published: May 2019

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects connective tissues in many ways and causes different alterations in periarticular and skeletal systems. Musculoskeletal complaints (MSCs) are among the major health problems worldwide and the most frequent cause of long term sickness.

Objectives: To assess the prevalence, treatment pattern of musculoskeletal diseases with diabetes mellitus and to evaluate the impact of patient counselling overcome the barriers of diabetes in musculoskeletal disease.

Materials & Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out for a period of six months at Departments of Orthopedic and General medicine, Basaveshwara Medical College & Research center and Ambarish’s Clinic,Chithradurga. A total of 118 subjects were included as per study criteria.

Results: Among 118 subjects 17 (14.4%) had musculoskeletal manifestations with DM. The study shows that 55.9% patients were males and 44.06% were females. The maximum number of patients comes under the age of 51-60yrs.The NSAIDs prescribed were Diclofenac (8.69%), Paracetamol (8.69%) and Piroxicam 4(8.69%) and the Antidiabetic drugs in present study were Oral hypoglycemic followed by Insulin. Most of the patients are affected with Osteoarthritis (47.05%), followed by Adhesive capsulitis (11.76%) and Osteoporosis (11.76%).

Conclusion: The study reveals that the prevalence of musculoskeletal disease with DM is significantly high and osteoarthritis is the common disease. Males are more affected than females with an age group of 51-60.

Key words: Diabetes mellitus, musculoskeletal disease, prevalence, prescription pattern.
Competencia y regulación en los mercados de comunicaciones electrónicas: banda ancha y despliegues de nueva generación
Authors: Otero Martín Juan Diego
Published: May 2019

La calidad de las infraestructuras de telecomunicaciones es un factor clave para aumentar la competitividad e impulsar la transformación digital del país. En las redes fijas de telecomunicaciones, la arquitectura que permite las velocidades de transmisión más elevadas es la fibra hasta el hogar (Fiber-To-The-Home, FTTH). España es un caso de éxito en los despliegues de fibra hasta el hogar, realizados además por varios operadores. La cobertura de redes FTTH alcanzaba el 77% en junio de 2018 y España es el país de Europa con el mayor número de hogares conectados mediante esta tecnología. El presente artículo analiza los factores que han contribuido a este éxito. Para ello, se expondrá el desarrollo del mercado de banda ancha en los últimos años, explicando la dinámica competitiva de este mercado y el impacto positivo de las medidas adoptadas por la CMT y la CNMC, en especial la imposición en 2009 del acceso a la infraestructura civil de Telefónica complementada con las obligaciones de acceso simétricas en el interior de los edificios y la evolución del marco regulatorio con el análisis geográfico efectuado en 2016.
El mercado de deuda privada
Authors: Echenique Sanjurjo Rodrigo , Fernández Rodríguez José María
Published: May 2019

El mercado de préstamos apalancados crece dinámicamente alimentado por la desintermediación bancaria, la financiación de operaciones de private equity y la demanda de inversores en busca de retorno y diversificación. Un análisis histórico de los distintos activos y estrategias de inversión en este mercado evidencia su favorable comportamiento en términos absolutos y relativos frente a otros activos. La creciente preocupación por el deterioro en las prácticas, precios y condiciones aplicadas a algunos segmentos de este mercado debe ser ponderada teniendo en cuenta las características diferenciales de sus estrategias y activos de inversión y la experiencia y dispersión de resultados demostrada históricamente por sus gestores.
THE EFFECT OF CONVERGENT-DIVERGENT NOZZLE PROFILE ON ITS PERFORMANCE
Authors: Al-Taie Arkan , Mashi Hussien W , Hadi Ali M
Published: May 2019

The paper presents the effect of convergent-divergent nozzles profile across specified inlet pressures values from (1.5 bar-4 bar), with constant back pressure of (1 bar). The flow of air through three convergent-divergent nozzles was studied theoretically. The flow was assumed to be one-dimensional, adiabatic and reversible (isentropic). The flow parameters like static pressure ratio and Mach number were analyzed. The flow parameters were obtained in term of area ratio along the nozzle. MATLAB code was built in order to find the Mach number along the nozzles, by using Newton-Raphson method. The shockwave position inside the nozzles was determined, using "analytic method". ANSYS fluent 18 was used to simulate the flow through the three nozzles. Two- dimensional, turbulent and viscous models were utilized to solve the governing equations. K-? model was used to model the turbulent effect. The results concluded that, reduction in inlet pressure can not affect the flow upstream the throat. Also the shockwave appearance can be noticed by a sudden rise in static pressure associated with a sharp decrease in Mach number. Shockwave moves toward the throat by reduction the inlet total pressure .By comparison the static pressure distribution along the three nozzles where can be deduced that the profile has an effect on the flow character i.e. (static pressure Mach no).The best performance among the nozzles is the performance of nozzle (N1), which (75%) of its length work as nozzle at the lowest inlet pressure of (1.5bar) while (44% and 60%) of the nozzles length for (N2 and N3) respectively work as the nozzle.
STUDYING THE EFFECT OF NATURAL BAMBOO AND RICE HUSK POWDERS ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH and HARDNESS OF ACRYLIC RESIN
Authors: Oleiwi Jawad K , Hamad Qahtan A , Abdul Rahman Hadil J
Published: May 2019

Denture base is the part of a denture that rests on the foundation tissues and to which teeth areAttached. Denture base may be complete or partial used for the alteration of missing natural teeth.The most popular material utilized for the fabrication of dentures base is the poly (methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) because is distinguished by many characteristic. The remarkable clarity ofa methyl methacrylate resin, its relatively high strength and hardness, its color stability under allconditions of dental use, its insolubility in the mouth fluids, all of these properties combine toprovide an excellent material for the prosthetics denture (S. S Carmen, 2010 and R. K. Alla 2013).This survey illustrate the effect of particle size of powders and weight fraction of natural Bambooand Rice Husk powders on PMMA, with the selected size particles of (25?m and 75?m) andweight fraction (2, 4, 6 and 8wt. %), on compression strength and hardness, and these experiencewere accomplished at a temperature of laboratory. The results showed improved in the hardnessand compression with concentration rate of Rice Husk and Bamboo powders in compositesamples. Also, the highest values of compressive strength and hardness were (300MPa.) and (86)respectively for (PMMA-8%RH) and particle size (25 ?m).
A COMPARATIVE STUDY FOR WHEELED MOBILE ROBOT PATH PLANNING BASED ON MODIFIED INTELLIGENT ALGORITHMS
Authors: AL -Nayar Muna M , Dagher Khulood E , Hadi Esraa A
Published: May 2019

From the time being, there are even instances for application of mobile robots in our lifelike in home, schools, hospitals, etc. The goal of this paper is to plan a path and minimizing thepath lengths with obstacles avoidance for a mobile robot in static environment. In this work wedepict the issue of off-line wheeled mobile robot (WMR) path planning, which best route forwheeled mobile robot from a start point to a target at a plane environment represented by 2-Dwork space. A modified optimization technique to solve the problem of path planning problemusing particle swarm optimization (PSO) method is given. PSO is a swarm intelligence basedstochastic optimization technique which imitate the social behavior of fish schooling or birdflocking, was applied to locate the optimum route for mobile robot so as to reach a target.Simulation results, which executed using MATLAB 2014 programming language, confirmedthat the suggested algorithm outperforms the standard version of PSO algorithm with the sameenvironment conditions by providing the shortest path for mobile robot.
Utjecaj tretmana sjemena na zdravstveno stanje sjemena i početni rast paprike
Authors: Matotan Svjetlana , Matotan Zdravko , Palfi Marina
Published: May 2019

Istraživanje utjecaja temperature (konstantna 20°C i izmjenljiva 20-30°C) i tretmana sjemena (NaOCl, M-metalaksil, karboksin+tiram i netretirano sjeme kao kontrola) na energiju klijanja, klijavost i zdravstveno stanje sjemena provedeno je u laboratorijskim uvjetima na sjemenu paprike sorte Slavonka. Rezultati su pokazali statistički značajan učinak temperature, tretmana i njihove interakcije na energiju klijanja sjemena paprike, dok kod klijavosti sjemena tretmani nisu pokazali signifikantne razlike. Najveća energija klijanja bila je u karboksin+tiram tretmanu kod izmjenljive temperature (76%). Statistički značajan učinak temperature, tretmana i njihove interakcije utvrđen je za razvoj fitopatogenih gljiva Alternaria spp, Cladosporium sp. i Penicillium sp. Za razvoj Fusarium spp. temperature nisu pokazale statistički značajnu razliku, kao niti interakcija temperature i tretmana za razvoj Aspergillus spp. Na temelju naših rezultata možemo zaključiti da se učinkovitim tretmanima može poboljšati kvaliteta sjemena i smanjiti količina fungicida potrebnih za suzbijanje bolesti sjemena.
Indonesian Islamic Law Review on the Marriage Customs of Juelen and Angkap in Gayo Tribes, Central Aceh District
Authors: Mulyadi Mulyadi , Asmuni Asmuni , Sukiman Sukiman
Published: May 2019

This study presents the latest information on a review of Islamic law towards marriage customs of juelen and angkap in Gayo tribe, Central Aceh District. This research uses the theory of mashlahah: the applicative theory is used in analyzing the research data and in the end of the research shows that the effect of marriage custom of Gayo on juelen and angkap must continue to give part to each party (ex-husband and wife) especially the marriage of Angkap, and if there is a dowry debt as in marriage of angkap, then it can be settled after sharing of shared assets between the former wife and husband. This awarding is based on consideration of mercy on the basis of providing guarantees in life after the divorce occurred.  Obviously by giving a share to the husband or wife of shared assets as a result of the marriage customs of juelen / angkap in Gayo custom, it is still based on the idea behind the spirit of KHI that seeks to translate shared assets as a means to guarantee life after divorce and of course this is in line with the legal basis Islam. Thus, the formulation of article 85-97 KHI is considered to fulfill the values of benefit in maintaining humanitarian relations and the benefit of family.
Evaluation of Prophylactic Effect of Intramuscular Diclofenac Sodium for Prevention of Succinylcholine-Induced Myalgia
Authors: Hossain Muhammad Sazzad , Rahman Md Afzalur , Islam Syed Ariful , Waliullah Md
Published: May 2019

Background: Succinylcholine a depolarizing muscle relaxant with rapid onset, predictable course and short duration of action is associated with myalgia.

Objectives: To assess the efficacy of intramuscular injection of diclofenac sodium in preventing succinylcholine-induced myalgia.

Materials and Methods: Eighty healthy adults scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia were enrolledin a double-blind study and randomly allocated into two groups of forty patients. Patients in Group I (diclofenacgroup) were pretreated with inj. diclofenac 75 mg deep intramuscularly into gluteal region one hour prior to induction of anesthesia, while patients in Group II (saline group) received an equivalent volume of saline inj. in same site. Anesthesia was induced in both groups with fentanyl 1.5 mcg/kg, propofol 2.0 mg/kg and succinylcholine1.5 mg/kg. Postoperative myalgia was assessed 24 hours after induction and graded as nil, mild, moderate, or severe.

Results:The demographic data for both groups were comparable (p > 0.05). Postoperative myalgia was recorded at 24 hours after induction in diclofenac group with twelve (30%) patients and 24 (60%) patients in normal saline (control) group respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Prophylactic use of intramuscular injection of diclofenac is effective in the prevention of postoperative myalgia

KYAMC Journal Vol. 10, No.-1, April 2019, Page 35-38
Effect of Atorvastatin and Losartan on Glomerular Filtration Rate in Patients With Mild to Moderate Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Khan Md Moniruzzaman , Dewan Zesmin Fauzia , Rahman AKM Shahidur , Nomany Bakhtiare Md Shoeb , Mir Ahmed Salam , Haider Mohammad Zahid
Published: May 2019

Background: Atorvastatin, a member of HMG CO-A reductase inhibitors, has been shown to have renoprotective effect in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Statins are supposed to decrease the oxidized lipid particles, suppress the activity of inflammatory mediators and prevent vascular thrombosis and thus could minimize renal cell damage. Losartan, an antihypertensive drug also diminishes proteinuria in patients with chronic kidney diseases or diabetes mellitus. Therefore the effect of concurrent use of atorvastatin and losartan on Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) could be a matter of interest from both Pharmacological and Clinical perspective.

Objective: To assess the renoprotective effect of atorvastatin and losartan in patients with chronic kidney disease treated at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU).

Materials and Method: Total forty four (44) patients suffering from CKD (stage one to stage three) were enrolled into two groups. Patients in Group A, received atorvastatin (10 mg) and losartan (50 mg) once daily for eight weeks. Patients in Group B, received losartan but not atorvastatin for the same duration. Serum creatinine level was measured at the commencement and also after eight weeks to calculate estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in individual patients with MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) study equation.

Results: There was significant (P < 0.001) reduction of Serum Creatinine and significant (P < 0.001) increase in e GFR in the patients, treated with atorvastatin and losartan.

Conclusion: Concurrent administration of atorvastatin and losartan increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) significantly in patients with chronic kidney disease.

KYAMC Journal Vol. 10, No.-1, April 2019, Page 43-47
Assessment of paddy harvesting practices of Southern Delta Region in Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan MK , Ali MR , Saha CK , Alam MM , Hossain MM
Published: May 2019

Paddy in Bangladesh is an important cereal crop for national food security. Harvesting is the process of collecting mature paddy from the field. Timely harvesting operation is known as crucial and influential processes on quantity, quality and production cost of paddy. The aim of the study was to assess the manual and mechanical harvesting systems of paddy in southern delta region of Bangladesh in terms of labor cost, infield harvesting losses, and time required for harvesting. Several experiments were conducted to compare mechanical and manual harvesting systems. Mechanical harvesting of Aman paddy (November-December 2016) and Boro paddy (April-May 2017) was conducted using two models of reaper and a mini-combine harvester at Dumuria and Wazirpur Upazilas of Khulna and Barisal districts, respectively. An experiment was also conducted at the same locations to determine labor requirement and time for harvesting paddy manually. To determine manual harvesting loss, an experiment was conducted at BAU farm, Mymensingh. Total cost savings in paddy harvesting were found 52% and 37% for mini-combine harvester and reaper, respectively over manual harvesting system. Similarly, labor savings using mini-combine harvester and reaper were found 65% and 52%, respectively over manual harvesting system. The total harvesting losses (including harvesting, threshing and cleaning) were also found 1.24%, 4.22% and 6.36% for using mini-combine, reaper and manual harvesting systems, respectively. The results indicated that manual harvesting is a slow and cost involving system. On the other hand, lack of awareness among farmers about the benefits of mechanical harvesting system and lack of skill manpower for operating and servicing harvesters are major barriers for adopting mechanized harvesting system in southern delta region. This study revealed that mechanical harvesting of paddy using either reaper or mini-combine harvester will assist to strengthen food security in southern delta of Bangladesh.

Progressive Agriculture, Vol. 30, Suppl. 1: 57-64, 2019
Prevalence of Cervical Intra Epithelial Neoplasia (CIN) among the Sexually Active Married Women by Colposcopy at Rajshahi Division
Authors: Jesmin Sahela , Najnin Monira , Ashrafunnesa - , Afroz Romana , Sarkar Mousumi , Shamima Mosammat Nargis
Published: May 2019

Objective: To determine the prevalence of cervical intra epithelial neoplasia (CIN) among sexually active married women in Rajshahi division of Bangladesh. Study Design: It is a prospective cross sectional type descriptive study.

Place and Duration: This study is population based & carried out in 4 selected Upazilla from 4 different districts of Rajshahi Division. Total 1050 patient were enrolled in the study. Study period was 6 months from 1st December 2014 to 31st May 2015. Subject and Method: All sexually active woman between age group 25 to 55 years in selected Upazilla. In UHC of preselected Upazilla who fulfilled the inclusion criteria enrolled in the study after taking the consent. Frequency & risk factors for CIN were analyzed after entering in predesigned proforma.

Result: During study period of 6 months among 1050 enrolled patients 90 patient were VIA positive and 91 patients were colposcopically abnormal and among these 33 patients were CIN positive & 58 patients had chronic cervicitis with or without squamous metaplasia. Mean age of CIN positive were 36.75 years, 92.2% patient were housewife & 7.8% patient were service holder and in 64.6% patients education level up to XII class, in 55.5% patients husband was day labour from poor socioeconomic condition.

Conclusion: VIA and Colposcopy can differentiate a normal cervix from a precancerous cervix with reasonable accuracy. Till now, a good number of studies had been carried out in different countries of world & it is now well established that sensitivity of the test is very good. From the present study we can conclude that it will give very good information about the prevalence of CIN in our country and by follow up study this might help us in reducing the incidence of carcinoma cervix.

TAJ 2018; 31(2): 1-5
Effect of Combined Medical and Surgical Induction of Labour in Term Pregnancy at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital
Authors: Lovely Nur A Atia , Islam AHM Tohurul , Ali Obaidullah Ibne , Khatun Rokeya
Published: May 2019

This prospective clinical study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital from January to December 2007. A total sample of about 100 selected primigravid women were divided into two groups. Group-I was given medical induction by misoprostol orally and Group-II by oral misoprostol followed by artificial rupture of membrane (ARM) for induction of labour. This study specifically evaluated the effect of oral misoprostol and the combined medical & surgical method, on unripe cervix of primigravid women with term pregnancies and has shown that combined method can successfully initiate labour and also lower the rate of caesarean section and significantly lowering the induction delivery time.

TAJ 2018; 31(2): 17-20
Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody among Hypothyroid Patients and Clinical and Biochemical Response to L-Thyroxine Replacement Therapy
Authors: Debnath Asish Kumar , Haque Md Azizul , Bhattachyaria Partho Moni , Islam Quazi Tarikul , Ekram ARM Saifuddin
Published: May 2019

This study was carried out in the Department of Medicine, Rajshahi Medical College, in 2006-2007 to study the thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibody level among hypothyroid patients and to find out the effects of L-thyroxine therapy in TPO-antibody titer. After thorough physical examination and relevant investigations, 100 patients of hypothyroidism were enrolled in this study. The selected patients were given L-thyroxine replacement therapy at a dose of 50-150 microgram/d. Before starting L-thyroxine, serum was collected from all patients to estimate anti TPO-antibody level. All patients were followed-up after 12-28 weeks of full dose of L-thyroxine therapy. Patients with high TPO-Abs at baseline, only 17.6% turned into euthyroid (based on composite clinical score), whereas about 42% of the patients who did not have high TPO-Abs became euthyroid suggesting that patients with high TPO Abs may show significantly poor response to treatment compared to the patients without high TPO Abs (p < 0.001). Patients with high TPO-Ab titers also showed a decreased biochemical response (TSH values) compared to the patients without high TPO-Ab positive patients. So, TPO-Ab plays a significant role in causation of the disease and is also associated with poor treatment response with L-thyroxine replacement therapy.

TAJ 2018; 31(2): 45-49
Serum Electrolyte Profile of Children Less Than Five Years of Age Admitted with Pneumonia in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Kamal Abu Hena Mostafa , Afrozy Sharmin , Khatun Marjina , Nawrozy Mst Shaheen , Akhter Most Merina
Published: May 2019

The study was done to observe whether there is any association of pneumonia with hyponatraemia, as well as to have a view to the patients’ hospital-stay in this regard. This study was conducted from July 2009 to September 2011 at the Department of Biochemistry of Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College (SZMC), Bogra. Total 35 cases, 1 month to 5 years of age, who suffered from pneumonia, were included in this study. Their serum Na+, K+& Cl- levels were measured and their hospital stays in days were recorded for the comparison between normonatraemics and hyponatraemics. The distribution patterns were described as percentage of total. In addition, Student’s ‘t’ test and Pearson’s correlation co-efficient test were also used. Among 35 cases, 22 (63%) cases were male and 13 (37%) cases were female; 14 (40%) cases were hyponatraemic and 21 (60%) cases were normonatraemic. Mean (±SD) of age was 19.6 (±15.2) months. For all the cases, there was a positive correlation of serum Cl– with serum Na+ levels (p<0.001); but no correlation was observed between serum K+& Na+ levels (P>0.10). Hospital stay of hyponatraemic cases was higher than the normonatraemic cases (P<0.05). Children with pneumonia may develop hyponatraemia, which if not managed in due time, may lead to delayed recovery from illness.

TAJ 2018; 31(2): 59-62
Development and Validation of Tadalafil Determination in Human Plasma by HPLC-MS Method
Authors: Bogdanova D. S. , Komarov T. N. , Shohin I. E. , Melnikov E. S. , Miskiv O. A. , Medvedev Yu. V.
Published: May 2019

Introduction. Tadalafil is a drug used to treat erectile dysfunction. For the quantitative determination of tadalafil in human plasma are used methods of high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet and tandem mass spectrometric detection, during the analytical part of pharmacokinetic studies. In the majority of the considered methods the method of liquid-liquid extraction and the method of solid-phase extraction are used, these methods are difficult and expensive. Therefore, the method of protein precipitation was considered as sample preparation. This method is simple and there is important to analysis a lot of clinical samples in bioequivalence studies.

Aim. The aim of this study is to develop method for the quantitative determination of tadalafil in human plasma by HPLC-MS for the analytical part of pharmacokinetic studies.

Materials and methods. Quantitative determination of tadalafil in plasma by HPLC-MS. A sample was prepared using acetonitrile protein precipitation.

Results and discussion. This method was validated by next validation parameters: selectivity, matrix effect, calibration curve, accuracy, precision, lower limit of quantification, carry-over and stability.

Conclusion. The method of the quantitative determination of tadalafil in human plasma was developed and validated by HPLC-MS. The analytical range of the was 5,00–1000,00 ng/ml tadalafil in plasma. Method could be applied to determination of tadalafil in plasma for PK and BE studies.
Synthesis, Acaricidal, Bacteriostatic Activity Among the Amino Derivatives 5,7-Dichloro-4,6-Dinitrobenzofuroxana
Authors: Spatlova L. V.
Published: May 2019

Introduction.In recent years, interest in the compounds of the benzofuroxane series has increased, because they have a wide range of biological activity, and in addition are donors of nitric oxide. In the scientific literature, many works are related to the synthesis and study of the biological activity of 5-nitro-4,6-dichlorobenzofuroxane amino derivatives, whereas amino derivatives of the 5,7-dichlor-4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxane substrate have been poorly studied.

Aim.Is the synthesis of new amino derivatives of 5,7-dichloro-4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxane and the study of their biological activity.

Materials and methods.Investigated the reaction of condensation of 5,7-dichloro-4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxane with different aromatic amines, containing functional groups of acceptor character in their structure were selected. In order to increase the yield for each specific reaction, the reaction conditions were selected (the reaction temperature, medium, and the amount of amine). The structure of the compounds confirmed IR, NMR spectra and elemental analysis.

Results and discussion.New compounds in the 5,7-diamino-4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxane series were obtained. Acute toxicity, acaricidal and bacteriostatic activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were studied. The obtained compounds were found to have high pharmacological activity, superior to the comparison drug (Chlorophos and Creolin).

Conclusion.Most of the amino derivative synthesized 5,7-dichloro-4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxane have a high activity against mites and bacteria. Compounds containing in their structure chlorine and methyl radicals, have biological activity at low concentrations, are low-toxic and belong to the 4th hazard class.
Validation of Analytical Procedures: Graphic and Calculated Criteria for Assessment of Methods Linearity in Practice
Authors: Epshtein N. A.
Published: May 2019

Introduction. «Linearity» is one of the required characteristics when validating analytical procedures. The issues of the validation of linearity procedures are still relevant.

Aim. To consider the main graphical and calculated criteria for confirmation of the linearity of analytical procedures and their restrictions, as well as to give recommendations.

Materials and methods. Statistical calculations were performed using MS Excel. Experimental data were obtained by HPLC.

Results and discussion. The main criteria for proving/confirming the linearity of analytical procedures and their restrictions are considered in detail. It is shown that these criteria cannot always give a reliable assessment of the linearity of the procedure, the possible reasons for this are indicated and recommendations are given.

Conclusion. When validating the procedures, it is necessary to prove/confirm their linearity by using two, and, more reliably, three criteria, one of which must be the linearity of the plot of measured response (Y) vs concentration of the tested substance (C). On the other hand, we demonstrate here that a formal approach should not be used for the estimation of non-linearity of the procedure when using graphical and calculation criteria based on mathematical statistics, since they do not take into account the possibility of practical insignificance of small deviations from the linear dependence of Yon C.
Study of Desorbtion and Exemption of Terpeno-indole Alkaloids of Vinkristin and Vinblastin from Erythrocitary Cell Carriers
Authors: Trineeva O. V. , Khalahakun A. D.
Published: May 2019

Introduction. Employees of the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology have obtained modified forms of terpino-indole alkaloids (ТIA) and vinbristine (VCR) and vinblastine (VBL) known in the treatment of cancer diseases by incorporating them into the erythrocyte carriers (EN) by the modified method of hypoosmotic lysis in the modified (aprotic solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000) and unmodified media.

Aim. The aim of the work was to study the desorption and release of terpene-indole vincristine and vinblastine alkaloids from previously obtained cellular erythrocyte carriers.

Materials and methods. In the experiment performed, the release characteristics of encapsulated preparations from erythrocytes were determined. TIA preparations were released from erythrocyte form in 6 hours: VCR – 54.5305%, VCR : PEG-4000 (1:5) – 53.3305%, VCR : PEG-4000 (1:10) – 40.1283%, VCR : PEG-4000 (1:20) – 39.9869%, VCR : DMSO (2 mg/ml) – 54.2354%, VBL – 68.0656%; VBL : PEG-4000 (1:10) – 63.8941%; VBL : PEG-4000 (1:20) – 60.7455%; VBL : PEG-400 (1:20) – 60.3529%; VBL : DMSO (2 mg/ml) – 64.5006%. The rate of release from an erythrocyte form encapsulated in a medium modified with DMSO is significantly higher than that encapsulated in an unmodified medium. The average rate of TIA release from erythrocyte forms encapsulated in PEG medium is approximately the same.

Results and discussion. The results show that the release of hemoglobin from TIA encapsulated erythrocytes compared with non-encapsulated EN is small. The results show that, on average, 8.242 ± 0.3135% of hemoglobin is released from TIA encapsulated with EN, compared to control erythrocytes – 7.53% after 6 h of incubation at 37 °C. The release of hemoglobin from the TIA of encapsulated erythrocytes in modified media is less than that encapsulated in unmodified medium.

Conclusion. Based on these results, it can be suggested that PEG can bind to the erythrocyte membrane and stabilize it.
Study of Morphology of Sorption Substances
Authors: Bondarev A. V. , Zhilyakova E. T. , Demina N. B. , Novikov V. Y.
Published: May 2019

Introduction. Substances with sorption properties can be used to create transport drug systems, in which the main mechanism of binding, transport and release of the drug molecule is sorption. The sorbent in this case acts as a carrier of the drug molecule, followed by its delivery to the destination by desorption. One of the ways to study the processes of sorption-desorption in transport drug systems is the study of the morphology of the sorption substance. Therefore, the morphological analysis of sorption substances is important, including the size, shape, and spatial organization of their structural elements.

Aim. The study of the morphology of sorption substances.

Materials and methods. The materials of the study are active coal, silicon dioxide, povidone, dioctahedral smectite, kaolin and montmorillonite clay. The methods is scanning electron microscopy.

Results and discussion. The scanning electron microscopy of objects was carried out using segmentation of elements as subsystems, inside of which the morphological description does not penetrate. It was established that for coal of active and silicon dioxide, the segmentation of elements is represented by three levels of organization; for povidone, smectite, kaolin and montmorillonite clay, the segmentation of elements is represented by two levels of organization. The morphology of the objects was investigated. It is established that the studied substances are microstructural objects. Porosity in samples of active coal, smectite dioctahedral, kaolin, montmorillonite clay was determined. In samples of silicon dioxide and povidone porosity is absent.

Conclusion. Morphological analysis of sorption substances allowed us to develop classification of the possible interaction of the carrier substance with the drug molecule in the transport drug system. The materials under study are divided into two groups according to porous characteristics: group 1 – porous substances – sorption interaction in pores (active coal), sorption interaction in pores and by ion exchange (smectite, montmorillonite clay), sorption in secondary pores and through oxygen and hydroxyl centers (kaolin); group 2 – non-porous substances – sorption on oxygen centers (silicon dioxide), sorption by means of complex formation (povidone). The prospect of further research is the modeling of porosity and sorption interaction of the carrier substance with the drug molecule in the drug transport system.
Effect of the Ketoprofen Distribution in Cream-gels on the Formation of the Impurities
Authors: Lyapunov N. A. , Zinchenko I. A. , Bezuglaya E. P. , Lysokobilka A. A.
Published: May 2019

Introduction.The fixed combination of ketoprofen, methyl salicylate and levomenthol in the form of a cream-gel is rational. Ketoprofen forms salts with bases and esters with substances containing hydroxyl groups. Ketoprofen is practically insoluble in water, and the solubility of ketoprofen salts is much higher; this can lead to its different localization in the o/w emulsion and affect the profile of ketoprofen impurities resulting from esterification.

Aim.The aim of the work is to study the effect of ketoprofen distribution in cream-gels on the formation of the impurities during storage.

Materials and methods.Cream-gels with pH of 5,5 or 6,8 containing ketoprofen 2,5%, levomenthol 5% and methyl salicylate 10% have been studied. For their production, ketoprofen was dissolved in the mixture oflevomenthol – methyl salicylate or in the mixed solvent ofwater – propylene glycol (PG) – diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (DGME). The impurities have been identified by liquid chromatography and the distribution of ketoprofen between the phases of the emulsion and the content of impurities in cream-gels have been determined by the same method. The rheological characteristics of cream-gels have been studied by viscosity-rotating viscometer method, and their microstructure – by optical microscopy.

Results and their discussion.The formation of ketoprofen esters with PG, DGME and levomenthol in cream-gels have been studied. Differences in the localization of ketoprofen in the phases of the o/w emulsion at pH 5,5 and 6,8 have been shown. The formed impurities have been identified by the retention times of their peaks on chromatograms, by UV spectra and mass spectra. It has been established that during storage the content of ketoprofen esters with PG, DGME and levomenthol increased, but their formation rate was lower at pH=6,8 as well as at the adding of ketoprofen as a salt with trometamol into the dispersion medium of cream-gel. However, this resulted in formation of three impurities that were identified by UV spectra as decomposition products of methyl salicylate. When storing cream-gels with pH=6,8, the content of decomposition products of methyl salicylate, which were not detected at pH=5,5, increased.

Conclusion.When making a cream-gel, ketoprofen is advisable to dissolve in a mixture of methyl salicylate and levomenthol and standardize the pH about 5,5. It is rational to use hydrophilic solvents without hydroxyl groups as penetration enhancers and the impurity profile could be limited to the menthol esters of the enantiomers of ketoprofen as a result.