bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Economic Density and Vegetation Cover in the Yellow River Basin: Unraveling Interconnections
Authors: Wang Benxu , Yang Xuanqin , Dou Yaquan , Wu Qingjun , Wang Guangyu , Li Ya , Zhao Xiaodi
Published: April 2024

Vegetation, serving as the primary constituent of terrestrial ecosystems, plays a crucial role in regulating energy flow and material cycles and providing vital resources for human socio-economic activities. This study analyzes the spatio-temporal patterns of economic density and vegetation coverage in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) based on forest resource inventory and socio-economic data from 448 counties in 2008, 2013, and 2018. A three-tiered criterion layer is constructed using economic density as the core explanatory variable, encompassing social development factors, land use factors, and natural factors. A two-way fixed effects model is then utilized to analyze the impact of economic density on vegetation coverage. Results reveal that: (1) Spatially, economic density demonstrates a “low in the west and high in the east” pattern, with an overall upward trend in the YRB. Conversely, vegetation cover exhibits a “high in the west and low in the east” pattern, displaying a downward trend. (2) Over the 2008–2018 period, a significant negative correlation between economic density and vegetation cover is observed in each county of the YRB, with vegetation cover decreasing by 1.108% for every 1 unit increase in economic density. Notably, the upstream areas of the YRB experience a significant increase in vegetation coverage, while the middle and lower reaches witness a decrease. (3) Considering control variables, the proportion of the primary industry, urbanization rate, forest protection level, and cultivated land area exert a significant influence on vegetation coverage across the entire basin. Policymakers should formulate relevant policies to achieve sustainable development in the YRB, as discussed in the proposed countermeasures. This study delineates a practical pathway for high-quality economic development and high-level ecological protection in the YRB, offering a valuable reference for analogous research in other regions.
Perceptions of Forms of Address in European Portuguese in Online Metadiscourse or What Happens When You Use você in Court
Authors: Faria Rita
Published: April 2024

The point of departure for this study is an incident in 2020 when a football manager testifying in a Lisbon court used the pronoun of address você and was reprimanded. With the aid of corpus linguistics, we qualitatively analyse the comments (understood as metacomments) that this case generated on media outlets and social media. The main conclusion is that the sociocultural foundations of EP (European Portuguese) address are polarised and unstable based on the following: the nexus between forms of address and the expression of (im)politeness is often rejected, with concerns that a complex system of address might impede an egalitarian society; despite this, discernment remains a core facet, expressed in the concern for finding appropriate sociolinguistic rules so as to arrive at forms understood as intrinsically (im)polite. Furthermore, a binary T/V dimension does not apply to the EP system, and although a N (neutral) dimension should be added, the polarised perceptions of EP address preclude clear candidates not only for the N platform but also, to an extent, for the V dimension. Fifty years after the 1974 ‘Carnation’ Revolution that initiated the transition to democracy in Portugal, EP conceptualisations of address show that sociocultural concerns for an egalitarian society coexist with persistent concerns for hierarchy and rules.
On the Overlooked Diversity of Clause Structures and Argument Structures in Non-Indo-European Languages
Authors: LaPolla Randy J.
Published: April 2024

This article responds to a conference call for papers that makes universalist assumptions about clause structures, assuming all languages in the world basically follow the same organizing principles in terms of clause structure, argument structure, and alignment. The article presents data from Tagalog to show how different a language can be from the assumed universal organizing principles to make the point that by imposing an Indo-European framework on non-Indo-European languages, we are overlooking the true diversity of language forms found in the world’s languages.
Benzo[d][1,2,3]oxadithiole 2-Oxide
Authors: Aitken R. Alan , Cordes David B. , Goyal Arun , McKay Aidan P.
Published: April 2024

A simplified synthesis of the title compound is reported and its 1H and 13C NMR data are fully assigned including determination of H–H and C–H coupling constants. Its X-ray structure has been determined for the first time. NMR data are also presented for the oxygen analogue.
Effect of Zinc and Severe Plastic Deformation on Mechanical Properties of AZ61 Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Huang Song-Jeng , Wu Sheng-Yu , Subramani Murugan
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the effects of zinc (4 wt.%) and severe plastic deformation on the mechanical properties of AZ61 magnesium alloy through the stir-casting process. Severe plastic deformation (Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP)) has been performed followed by T4 heat treatment. The microstructural examinations revealed that the addition of 4 wt.% Zn enhances the uniform distribution of β-phase, contributing to a more uniformly corroded surface in corrosive environments. Additionally, dynamic recrystallization (DRX) significantly reduces the grain size of as-cast alloys after undergoing ECAP. The attained mechanical properties demonstrate that after a single ECAP pass, AZ61 + 4 wt.% Zn alloy exhibits the highest yield strength (YS), ultimate compression strength (UCS), and hardness. This research highlights the promising potential of AZ61 + 4 wt.% Zn alloy for enhanced mechanical and corrosion-resistant properties, offering valuable insights for applications in diverse engineering fields.
The Influence of Various Welding Methods on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 316Ti Steel
Authors: Noga Piotr , Skrzekut Tomasz , Wędrychowicz Maciej , Węglowski Marek St. , Wiewióra Marcel
Published: April 2024

Austenitic stainless steels are very popular due to their high strength properties, ductility, excellent corrosion resistance and work hardening. This paper presents the test results for joining AISI 316Ti austenitic steel. The technologies used for joining were the most popular welding techniques such as TIG (welding with a non-consumable electrode in the shield of inert gases), MIG (welding with a consumable electrode in the shield of inert gases) as well as high-energy EBW welding (Electron Beam Welding) and plasma PAW (plasma welding). Microstructural examinations in the face, center and root areas of the weld revealed different contents of delta ferrite with skeletal or lathy ferrite morphology. Additionally, the presence of columnar grains at the fusion line and equiaxed grains in the center of the welds was found. Microstructural, X-ray and ferroscope tests showed the presence of different delta ferrite contents depending on the technology used. The highest content of delta ferrite was found in the TIG and PAW connectors, approximately 5%, and the lowest in the EBW connector, approximately 2%. Based on the tests carried out on the mechanical properties, it was found that the highest properties were achieved by the MIG joint (Rm, 616, Rp0.2 = 335 MPa), while the lowest were achieved by the PAW joint (Rm = 576, Rp0.2 = 315 MPa).
The Characterization of a Biodegradable Mg Alloy after Powder Bed Fusion with Laser Beam/Metal Processing for Custom Shaped Implants
Authors: Raducanu Doina , Cojocaru Vasile Danut , Nocivin Anna , Drob Silviu Iulian , Hendea Radu Emil , Stanciu Doina , Ivanescu Steliana , Raducanu Vlad Andrei , Serban Nicolae , Cojocaru Elisabeta Mirela , Campian Radu Septimiu
Published: April 2024

A new Mg-Zn-Zr-Ca alloy in a powder state, intended to be used for custom shaped implants, was obtained via a mechanical alloying method from pure elemental powder. Further, the obtained powder alloy was processed by a PBF-LB/M (powder bed fusion with laser beam/of metal) procedure to obtain additive manufactured samples for small biodegradable implants. A series of microstructural, mechanical and corrosion analyses were performed. The SEM (scanning electron microscopy) analysis of the powder alloy revealed a good dimensional homogeneity, with a uniform colour, no agglutination and almost rounded particles, suitable for the powder bed fusion procedure. Further, the PBF-LB/M samples revealed a robust and unbreakable morphology, with a suitable porosity (that can reproduce that of cortical bone) and without an undesirable balling effect. The tested Young’s modulus of the PBF-LB/M samples, which was 42 GPa, is close to that of cortical bone, 30 GPa. The corrosion tests that were performed in PBS (Phosphate-buffered saline) solution, with three different pH values, show that the corrosion parameters have a satisfactory evolution comparative to the commercial ZK 60 alloy.
Effect of Cryogenic Treatments on Hardness, Fracture Toughness, and Wear Properties of Vanadis 6 Tool Steel
Authors: Yarasu Venu , Jurci Peter , Ptacinova Jana , Dlouhy Ivo , Hornik Jakub
Published: April 2024

The ability of cryogenic treatment to improve tool steel performance is well established; however, the selection of optimal heat treatment is pivotal for cost reduction and extended tool life. This investigation delves into the influence of distinct cryogenic and tempering treatments on the hardness, fracture toughness, and tribological properties of Vanadis 6 tool steel. Emphasis was given to comprehending wear mechanisms, wear mode identification, volume loss estimation, and detailed characterization of worn surfaces through scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy and confocal microscopy. The findings reveal an 8–9% increase and a 3% decrease in hardness with cryogenic treatment compared to conventional treatment when tempered at 170 °C and 530 °C, respectively. Cryotreated specimens exhibit an average of 15% improved fracture toughness after tempering at 530 °C compared to conventional treatment. Notably, cryogenic treatment at −140 °C emerges as the optimum temperature for enhanced wear performance in both low- and high-temperature tempering scenarios. The identified wear mechanisms range from tribo-oxidative at lower contacting conditions to severe delaminative wear at intense contacting conditions. These results align with microstructural features, emphasizing the optimal combination of reduced retained austenite and the highest carbide population density observed in −140 °C cryogenically treated steel.
Investigation of the Influence of Machining Parameters and Surface Roughness on the Wettability of the Al6082 Surfaces Produced with WEDM
Authors: Skondras-Giousios Dimitrios , Karmiris-Obratański Panagiotis , Jarosz Magdalena , Markopoulos Angelos P.
Published: April 2024

Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is a non-conventional machining technique, capable of processing any kind of conductive material. Recently, it has been successfully utilized for producing hydrophobic characteristics in inherently hydrophilic metallic materials. In this work, Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) was utilized for producing hydrophobic characteristics on the surface of the aluminum alloy 6082, and various parameters that can affect wettability were investigated. Adopting an orthogonal Taguchi approach, the effects of the process parameter values of peak current, pulse-on time, and gap voltage on the contact angles of the machined surfaces were investigated. After machining, all samples were observed to have obtained hydrophobic properties, reaching contact angles up to 132°. The peak current was identified as the most influential parameter regarding the contact angle, while the gap voltage was the less influential parameter. A contact angle variation of 30° was observed throughout different combinations of machining parameters. Each combination of the machining parameters resulted in a distinct surface morphology. The samples with moderate roughness values (3.4 μm > Sa > 5.7 μm) were found to be more hydrophobic than the samples with high or low values, where the contact angle was measured under 115°. In addition, the finite element modeling of the experimental setup, with parametric surfaces of uniform random and Perlin noise types of roughness, was implemented. Time dependent simulations coupling phase field and laminar flow for the modelingof the wetting of surfaces with different surface roughness characteristics showed that an increase in the Sa roughness and total wetted area can lead to an increase in the contact angle. The combination of experimental and computational results suggests that the complexity of the wettability outcomes of aluminum alloy surfaces processed with WEDM lies in the interplay between variations of the surface chemical composition, roughness, micro/nano morphology, and the surface capability of forming a composite air/water interface.
The Precursors Used for Developing Geopolymer Composites for Circular Economy—A Review
Authors: Furtos Gabriel , Prodan Doina , Sarosi Codruta , Popa Dorin , Moldovan Marioara , Korniejenko Kinga
Published: April 2024

Considering recent climate changes, special importance is given to any attempt to depollute and protect the environment. A circular economy seems to be the ideal solution for the valorization of mineral waste, resulting from various industrial branches, by reintroducing them in the process of obtaining alternative building materials, more friendly to the environment. Geopolymers can be considered as a promising option compared to Portland cement. Information about the influence of the composition of the precursors, the influence of the activation system on the mechanical properties or the setting time could lead to the anticipation of new formulations of geopolymers or to the improvement of some of their properties. Reinforcement components, different polymers and expansion agents can positively or negatively influence the properties of geopolymers in the short or long term.
Effect of Chemical Composition on the Thermoplastic Formability and Nanoindentation of Ti-Based Bulk Metallic Glasses
Authors: Chen Mengliang , Zhu Liu , Chen Yingwei , Dai Sheng , Liu Qijie , Xue Na , Li Weiwei , Wang Jinfang , Huang Yingqi , Yang Kaice , Shao Ling
Published: April 2024

A series of Ti41Zr25Be34-xNix (x = 4, 6, 8, 10 at.%) and Ti41Zr25Be34-xCux (x = 4, 6, 8 at.%) bulk metallic glasses were investigated to examine the influence of Ni and Cu content on the viscosity, thermoplastic formability, and nanoindentation of Ti-based bulk metallic glasses. The results demonstrate that Ti41Zr25Be30Ni4 and Ti41Zr25Be26Cu8 amorphous alloys have superior thermoplastic formability among the Ti41Zr25Be34-xNix and Ti41Zr25Be34-xCux amorphous alloys due to their low viscosity in the supercooled liquid region and wider supercooled liquid region. The hardness and modulus exhibit obvious variations with increasing Ni and Cu content in Ti-based bulk metallic glasses, which can be attributed to alterations in atomic density. Optimal amounts of Ni and Cu in Ti-based bulk metallic glasses enhance thermoplastic formability and mechanical properties. The influence of Ni and Cu content on the hardness of Ti-based bulk metallic glasses is discussed from the perspective of the mean atomic distance.
Exploring the Influence of Nanocrystalline Structure and Aluminum Content on High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Fe-Cr-Al Alloys
Authors: Kumar Rajiv , Singh Raman R. K. , Bakshi S. R. , Raja V. S. , Parida S.
Published: April 2024

The present study examines the high-temperature (500–800 °C) oxidation behavior of Fe-10Cr-(3,5) Al alloys and studies the effect of nanocrystalline structure and Al content on their resistance to oxidation. The nanocrystalline (NC) alloy powder was synthesized via planetary ball milling. The prepared NC alloy powder was consolidated using spark plasma sintering to form NC alloys. Subsequently, an annealing of the NC alloys was performed to transform them into microcrystalline (MC) alloys. It was observed that the NC alloys exhibit superior resistance to oxidation compared to their MC counterparts at high temperatures. The superior resistance to oxidation of the NC alloys is attributed to their considerably finer grain size, which enhances the diffusion of those elements to the metal–oxide interface that forms the protective oxide layer. Conversely, the coarser grain size in MC alloys limits the diffusion of the oxide-forming components. Furthermore, the Fe-10Cr-5Al alloy showed greater resistance to oxidation than the Fe-10Cr-3Al alloy.
Superfinishing with Abrasive Films Featuring Discontinuous Surfaces
Authors: Tandecka Katarzyna , Kacalak Wojciech , Wiliński Maciej , Wieczorowski Michał , Mathia Thomas G.
Published: April 2024

This study introduces innovative designs for abrasive tools aimed at enhancing surface finishing processes. Prototypes consisting of non-continuous abrasive films with discontinuous surface carriers and abrasive layers were developed to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the smoothing process. Four distinct abrasive films with varying nominal grain sizes were fabricated to explore the versatility and efficacy of the prototypes. The results indicate that the incorporation of carrier irregularities significantly influences surface finishing processes, leading to improvements in material removal efficiency and surface quality. Longitudinal discontinuities facilitate faster removal of irregularities from workpiece materials, reducing the risk of deep scratches on surfaces. Additionally, this study highlights the importance of tool motion patterns in optimizing material removal processes and ensuring surface quality. The integration of carrier irregularities with additional oscillatory tool motion shows promise for further improving surface quality. These findings advance our understanding of abrasive machining processes and provide valuable insights for optimizing abrasive tool designs and machining strategies for enhanced surface finishing.
Enhancing Concrete Mechanical Properties through Basalt Fibers and Calcium Sulfate Whiskers: Optimizing Compressive Strength, Elasticity, and Pore Structure
Authors: Zhang Junzhi , Wang Yueming , Li Xixi , Zhang Yurong , Wu Lingjie
Published: April 2024

To study the effects of basalt fibers (BFs), calcium sulfate whiskers (CSWs), and modified calcium sulfate whiskers (MCSWs) on the compressive strength and dynamic modulus of elasticity of concrete, this paper utilizes Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP) to measure the microstructure of concrete and calculate the fractal dimension of pore surface area. The results indicate that both CSWs and BFs can increase the compressive strength of concrete. CSWs can enhance the dynamic modulus of elasticity of concrete, while the effect of BFs on the dynamic modulus of elasticity is not significant. The improvement in compressive strength and dynamic modulus of elasticity provided by MCSWs is significantly greater than that provided by CSWs. Both CSWs and BFs can effectively improve the pore structure of concrete and have a significant impact on the surface fractal dimension. CSWs inhibit the formation of ink-bottle pores, while BFs increase the number of ink-bottle pores. Due to the ink-bottle pore effect, the fractal dimension of the capillary pore surface is generally greater than three, lacking fractal characteristics. The compressive strength and dynamic modulus of elasticity of concrete have a good correlation with the fractal dimensions of large pores and transition pores.
Unraveling Broadband Near-Infrared Luminescence in Cr3+-Doped Ca3Y2Ge3O12 Garnets: Insights from First-Principles Analysis
Authors: Zou Wei , Lou Bibo , Kurboniyon Mekhrdod S. , Buryi Maksym , Rahimi Farhod , Srivastava Alok M. , Brik Mikhail G. , Wang Jing , Ma Chonggeng
Published: April 2024

In this study, we conducted an extensive investigation into broadband near-infrared luminescence of Cr3+-doped Ca3Y2Ge3O12 garnet, employing first-principles calculations within the density functional theory framework. Our initial focus involved determining the site occupancy of Cr3+ activator ions, which revealed a pronounced preference for the Y3+ sites over the Ca2+ and Ge4+ sites, as evidenced by the formation energy calculations. Subsequently, the geometric structures of the excited states 2E and 4T2, along with their optical transition energies relative to the ground state 4A2 in Ca3Y2Ge3O12:Cr3+, were successfully modeled using the ΔSCF method. Calculation convergence challenges were effectively addressed through the proposed fractional particle occupancy schemes. The constructed host-referred binding energy diagram provided a clear description of the luminescence kinetics process in the garnet, which explained the high quantum efficiency of emission. Furthermore, the accurate prediction of thermal excitation energy yielded insights into the thermal stability of the compound, as illustrated in the calculated configuration coordinate diagram. More importantly, all calculated data were consistently aligned with the experimental results. This research not only advances our understanding of the intricate interplay between geometric and electronic structures, optical properties, and thermal behavior in Cr3+-doped garnets but also lays the groundwork for future breakthroughs in the high-throughput design and optimization of luminescent performance and thermal stability in Cr3+-doped phosphors.
Research on the Control Method of a Brushless DC Motor Based on Second-Order Active Disturbance Rejection Control
Authors: Zhang Pan , Shi Zhaoyao , Yu Bo , Qi Haijiang
Published: April 2024

This research addresses the issues of weak anti-disturbance ability, fast response, and incompatibility of overshoot in the control process of brushless DC motors (BLDCs). A six-step commutation control method based on second-order active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) is derived following the analysis of the BLDC model and the mathematical model of ADRC. A control model of the BLDC using both PI and ADRC is constructed. Detailed comparative and quantitative analyses of the simulation results using PI and ADRC are conducted, focusing on the anti-load disturbance capabilities using the integrated square error (ISE), integrated time square error (ITSE), integrated absolute error (IAE), and integrated time absolute error (ITAE). Experimental testing on the STM32F4 controller is also carried out, analyzing four error integral criteria in depth. The results indicate that both the ADRC and PI control modes can track the target signal without overshooting, demonstrating strong anti-load disturbance ability and robustness at varying working speeds. In the BLDC control system, using the ADRC control method can achieve fast and non-overshoot tracking of target signals compared to the PI control method, and ADRC has stronger resistance to load disturbances.
On Fall-Colorable Graphs
Authors: Wang Shaojun , Wen Fei , Wang Guoxing , Li Zepeng
Published: April 2024

A fall k-coloring of a graph G is a proper k-coloring of G such that each vertex has at least one neighbor in each of the other color classes. A graph G which has a fall k-coloring is equivalent to having a partition of the vertex set V(G) in k independent dominating sets. In this paper, we first prove that for any fall k-colorable graph G with order n, the number of edges of G is at least (n(k−1)+r(k−r))/2, where r≡n(modk) and 0≤r≤k−1, and the bound is tight. Then, we obtain that if G is k-colorable (k≥2) and the minimum degree of G is at least k−2k−1n, then G is fall k-colorable and this condition of minimum degree is the best possible. Moreover, we give a simple proof for an NP-hard result of determining whether a graph is fall k-colorable, where k≥3. Finally, we show that there exist an infinite family of fall k-colorable planar graphs for k∈{5,6}.
Robust Control for Underactuated Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Wang Tianyi , Zhang Luxin , Chen Zhihua
Published: April 2024

Dynamic surface control (DSC) is a recognized nonlinear control approach for high-order systems. However, as the complexity of the system increases and the first-order filter (FOF) is introduced, there exists a singularity problem, i.e., the control input will reach infinity. This limits the application of the DSC algorithm to a class of real-world systems with complex dynamics. To address the problem of singularity, we present a novel DSC approach called nonsingular dynamic surface control (NDSC), which completely avoids the singularity problem and significantly improves the overall control performance. NDSC includes a nonsingular hypersurface, which is constructed by the error between system states and virtual control inputs. Then the nonsingular hypersurface will be applied to derive the corresponding control law with the aid of the DSC approach to ensure the output of the system can track arbitrary desired trajectories. NDSC has the following novel features: (1) finite time asymptotic stabilization can be guaranteed; (2) the performance of NDSC is insensitive to the FOF’s parameter variation once the maximum tracking error of FOF is bounded, which significantly reduces reliance on the control sampling frequency. We thoroughly evaluate the proposed NDSC algorithm in an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system with an underactuated nature. Finally, the simulation results illustrate and highlight the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control algorithm.
Distantly Supervised Explainable Stance Detection via Chain-of-Thought Supervision
Authors: Ding Daijun , Dai Genan , Peng Cheng , Peng Xiaojiang , Zhang Bowen , Huang Hu
Published: April 2024

Investigating public attitudes on social media is crucial for opinion mining systems. Stance detection aims to predict the attitude towards a specific target expressed in a text. However, effective neural stance detectors require substantial training data, which are challenging to curate due to the dynamic nature of social media. Moreover, deep neural networks (DNNs) lack explainability, rendering them unsuitable for scenarios requiring explanations. We propose a distantly supervised explainable stance detection framework (DS-ESD), comprising an instruction-based chain-of-thought (CoT) method, a generative network, and a transformer-based stance predictor. The CoT method employs prompt templates to extract stance detection explanations from a very large language model (VLLM). The generative network learns the input-explanation mapping, and a transformer-based stance classifier is trained with VLLM-annotated stance labels, implementing distant supervision. We propose a label rectification strategy to mitigate the impact of erroneous labels. Experiments on three benchmark datasets showed that our model outperformed the compared methods, validating its efficacy in stance detection tasks. This research contributes to the advancement of explainable stance detection frameworks, leveraging distant supervision and label rectification strategies to enhance performance and interpretability.
Synthesis and Late-Stage Modification of (−)-Doliculide Derivatives Using Matteson’s Homologation Approach
Authors: Tost Markus , Kazmaier Uli
Published: April 2024

(−)-Doliculide, a marine cyclodepsipeptide derived from the Japanese sea hare, Dolabella auricularia, exhibits potent cytotoxic properties, sparking interest in the field of synthetic chemistry. It is comprised of a peptide segment and a polyketide moiety, rendering it amenable to Matteson’s homologation methodology. This technique facilitates the diversification of the distinctive polyketide side chain, thereby permitting the introduction of functional groups in late stages for modifications of the derived compounds and studies on structure–activity relationships.
Aesthetic Rehabilitation Medicine: Enhancing Wellbeing beyond Functional Recovery
Authors: Lippi Lorenzo , Ferrillo Martina , Losco Luigi , Folli Arianna , Marcasciano Marco , Curci Claudio , Moalli Stefano , Ammendolia Antonio , de Sire Alessandro , Invernizzi Marco
Published: April 2024

Although rehabilitation medicine emphasizes a holistic health approach, there is still a large gap of knowledge about potential interventions aimed at improving overall wellbeing through cosmetic interventions. Therefore, this narrative review investigates the role of different rehabilitative techniques in enhancing aesthetics, quality of life, and psychosocial wellbeing for patients with disabilities. The study follows the SANRA framework quality criteria for a narrative review. Literature searches across PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus identified articles focusing on rehabilitation strategies within the aesthetic rehabilitation domain. The review identified evidence supporting injection procedures, such as Botulinum Toxin, Platelet-Rich Plasma, Hyaluronic Acid, Ozone, and Carboxytherapy, and assessing their applications in several disabling disorders. Additionally, physical therapies like Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy, Laser Therapy, Microcurrent Therapy, Tecar Therapy, and physical exercises were explored for their impact on cutaneous microcirculation, cellulite treatment, wound healing, and scar appearance improvement. Lastly, the manuscript underlines the role of manual therapy techniques in addressing both physical discomfort and aesthetic concerns, discussing their effectiveness in adipose tissue therapy, scar tissue mobilization, and regional fat thickness reduction. Taken together, this review emphasizes the role of a multidisciplinary approach, aiming to provide valuable insights into potential benefits for both functional and aesthetic outcomes.
Cesarean Myomectomy: Reflections on Clinical and Surgical Controversies between a New Trans-Decidual Technique vs. Traditional Method
Authors: Sparić Radmila , Andrić Luka , Guler Oguz , Malvasi Antonio , Babović Ivana , Hatirnaz Safak , Dellino Miriam , Tinelli Andrea
Published: April 2024

Up to 70–80% of women of reproductive age may be affected with the most common uterine tumors, known as fibroids or myomas. These benign tumors are the second most prevalent cause of surgery among premenopausal women. Predictions show that the occurrence of myomas in pregnancy will increase, and that the risk of having myomas during pregnancy increases with advanced maternal age. Although most women with fibroids do not experience any symptoms during pregnancy, up to 30% of women experience problems during pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium. The viability of myoma excision during cesarean surgery (CS) is a contentious issue raised by the rising incidence of myomas in pregnancy and CS rates. A new surgical procedure for removing fibroids using a trans-endometrial approach, which involves making an incision through the decidua itself, has put into doubt the long-standing practice of cesarean myomectomy (CM) with a trans-serosal approach. Some authors have recently advocated for this last approach, highlighting its advantages and potential uses in real-world situations. The purpose of this paper is to critique the present approach to cesarean myomectomy by analyzing the clinical and surgical distinctions between the two approaches and providing illustrations of the CM methods.
Effects of Interlayer on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Resistance Spot Welded Titanium/Steel Joints: A Short Review
Authors: Liu Yibo , Zhang Chaoqun
Published: April 2024

In this paper, the influence of interlayer on titanium/steel dissimilar metal resistance spot welding is reviewed from the aspects of macroscopic characteristics, microstructure and interface bonding properties of the joint. Previous studies have demonstrated that TiC, FeTi and Fe2Ti intermetallic compounds with high brittleness are formed in the joint during titanium/steel welding, which reduces the strength of the welded joint. Researchers proposed different interlayer materials, including Cu, Ni, Nb, Ta, 60%Ni-Cu alloy and BAg45CuZn. Firstly, adding an interlayer can weaken the diffusion of Fe and Ti. Secondly, the interlayer elements can combine with Fe or Ti to form solid solutions or intermetallic compounds with lower brittleness than Fe–Ti compounds. Finally, Cu, Ni, Ag, etc. with excellent ductility can effectively decrease the generation of internal stress, which reduces the formation of defects to improve the strength of the joint.
Environmental Chamber Characterization of an Ice Detection Sensor for Aviation Using Graphene and PEDOT:PSS
Authors: Farina Dario , Mazio Marco , Machrafi Hatim , Queeckers Patrick , Iorio Carlo Saverio
Published: April 2024

In the context of improving aircraft safety, this work focuses on creating and testing a graphene-based ice detection system in an environmental chamber. This research is driven by the need for more accurate and efficient ice detection methods, which are crucial in mitigating in-flight icing hazards. The methodology employed involves testing flat graphene-based sensors in a controlled environment, simulating a variety of climatic conditions that could be experienced in an aircraft during its entire flight. The environmental chamber enabled precise manipulation of temperature and humidity levels, thereby providing a realistic and comprehensive test bed for sensor performance evaluation. The results were significant, revealing the graphene sensors’ heightened sensitivity and rapid response to the subtle changes in environmental conditions, especially the critical phase transition from water to ice. This sensitivity is the key to detecting ice formation at its onset, a critical requirement for aviation safety. The study concludes that graphene-based sensors tested under varied and controlled atmospheric conditions exhibit a remarkable potential to enhance ice detection systems for aircraft. Their lightweight, efficient, and highly responsive nature makes them a superior alternative to traditional ice detection technologies, paving the way for more advanced and reliable aircraft safety solutions.
Overview of Memristor-Based Design for Analog Applications
Authors: Barraj Imen , Mestiri Hassen , Masmoudi Mohamed
Published: April 2024

Memristor-based design has gained significant attention in recent years due to its potential to revolutionize various fields such as artificial intelligence, neuromorphic computing, non-volatile memory, signal processing, filtering, and radio frequency design. These emerging devices offer unique advantages such as non-volatile memory, low power consumption, and a high integration density. Their scalability and compatibility with existing fabrication processes make them an attractive option for industry adoption, paving the way for faster and more efficient architecture design. Researchers are actively exploring ways to optimize memristor technology for practical applications to harness its full potential. This includes developing novel materials and structures as well as improving the reliability and performance of memristors in various applications. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the current advancements in memristor technology and their potential impact on the design of future electronic systems, focusing on its applications in the analog domain. By exploring the latest research and development in this field, researchers can gain valuable insights into how analog memristors can be integrated into their designs to achieve enhanced performance and efficiency. The paper delves into the fundamental principles of memristor technology, exploring its unique characteristics and advantages over traditional electronic components. It discusses the potential impact of memristors and challenges in the analog field of electronics, and highlights the progress made in their integration with existing circuitry, enabling novel functionalities and improved performance. Furthermore, it highlights ongoing research efforts to improve the performance and reliability of memristors, as well as the potential limitations and challenges that need to be addressed for widespread adoption, including variability in performance and reliability.
Micromirror Array with Adjustable Reflection Characteristics Based on Different Microstructures and Its Application
Authors: Cao Hao , Xue Zhishuang , Deng Hongfeng , Chen Shuo , Wang Deming , Gui Chengqun
Published: April 2024

The conventional reflective optical surface with adjustable reflection characteristics requires a complex external power source. The complicated structure and preparation process of the power system leads to the limited modulation of the reflective properties and difficulty of use in large-scale applications. Inspired by the biological compound eye, different microstructures are utilized to modulate the optical performance. Convex aspheric micromirror arrays (MMAs) can increase the luminance gain while expanding the field of view, with a luminance gain wide angle > 90° and a field-of-view wide angle close to 180°, which has the reflective characteristics of a large gain wide angle and a large field-of-view wide angle. Concave aspheric micromirror arrays can increase the luminance gain by a relatively large amount of up to 2.66, which has the reflective characteristics of high gain. Industrial-level production and practical applications in the projection display segment were carried out. The results confirmed that convex MMAs are able to realize luminance gain over a wide spectrum and a wide range of angles, and concave MMAs are able to substantially enhance luminance gain, which may provide new opportunities in developing advanced reflective optical surfaces.
Study of the Extremely Low-Frequency Noise Characteristics of a Micro-Thrust Measurement Platform
Authors: Dong Liexiao , Lu Shixu , Xu Luxiang , Guo Ning , Wu Mingshan , Liang Shengtao , Long Jianfei
Published: April 2024

The critical structural parameters are optimized and studied using the numerical simulation method to improve the resolution and stability of the Micro-Thrust Measurement Platform (MTMP). Under two different ground random vibration environments, the parameters, such as pivot thickness, pendulum rod length, and pivot structure, are focused on analyzing the influence of the system’s resolution and stability. The results show that when the thickness of the pivot is 0.04 mm or 0.2 mm, and the pendulum rod length is 2 m, the effect of ground random vibration on the MTMP is minimized. At 0.1 mHz, it can reach 0.0057 μN/Hz. In the series double-pivot structure, an appropriate increase in the distance between the sheets can further optimize the above conclusions. The results and analysis within this study can provide support for the engineering design of the MTMP.
Targeting Viral Transcription for HIV Cure Strategies
Authors: Izquierdo-Pujol Jon , Puertas Maria C. , Martinez-Picado Javier , Morón-López Sara
Published: April 2024

Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses viral replication to undetectable levels, reduces mortality and morbidity, and improves the quality of life of people living with HIV (PWH). However, ART cannot cure HIV infection because it is unable to eliminate latently infected cells. HIV latency may be regulated by different HIV transcription mechanisms, such as blocks to initiation, elongation, and post-transcriptional processes. Several latency-reversing (LRA) and -promoting agents (LPA) have been investigated in clinical trials aiming to eliminate or reduce the HIV reservoir. However, none of these trials has shown a conclusive impact on the HIV reservoir. Here, we review the cellular and viral factors that regulate HIV-1 transcription, the potential pharmacological targets and genetic and epigenetic editing techniques that have been or might be evaluated to disrupt HIV-1 latency, the role of miRNA in post-transcriptional regulation of HIV-1, and the differences between the mechanisms regulating HIV-1 and HIV-2 expression.
Crystal Chemistry and Refined Formula of Tounkite
Authors: Chukanov Nikita V. , Bolotina Nadezhda B. , Shendrik Roman Yu. , Sapozhnikov Anatoly N. , Zubkova Natalia V. , Pekov Igor V. , Vigasina Marina F. , Sandalov Fedor D. , Ksenofontov Dmitry A.
Published: April 2024

New data on the crystal structure and isomorphism of extra-framework components in the cancrinite-group mineral tounkite have been obtained using chemical and single-crystal X-ray diffraction data, as well as infrared, Raman, ESR, UV–Vis–near-IR absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy methods. The crystal structure of tounkite is based on the aluminosilicate framework formed by the САСАСВСВСАСВ stacking sequence with ordered Si and Al atoms The framework hosts Losod and liottite cages as well as columns of cancrinite cages. It is shown that tounkite is characterized by wide variations of the chemical composition. Its simplified crystal–chemical formula is (Na+3.89–5.18K+0.15–1.64Ca2+2.30–2.58(Al6Si6O24)(SO42−,S52−,S4) 2−x (Cl−, HS−)1+y·nH2O (x, y, n < 1). The S2⦁− and S3⦁− radical anions may occur in some tounkite samples in minor amounts. These crystal–chemical features indicate that tounkite crystallizes under highly reducing conditions. All studied tounkite samples were polysynthetic twins. A large 10-layed cage formed at the border between twin components, connected by a rotation of 180° around the [001] axis, which may host the large S52− anion.
Discovery of Late Permian Adakite in Eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt: Implications for Tectonic Evolution of Paleo-Asian Ocean
Authors: Zhang Haihua , Qiu Liang , Zhang Jian , Ma Yongfei , Zhang Yujin , Chen Shuwang , Dong Huiliang , Zheng Yuejuan
Published: April 2024

The Permian to Triassic period represents a pivotal phase in the evolution of the Paleo-Asian Ocean, marked by significant tectonic transitions from subduction, collision, and post-orogenic extension. The timing of closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean in northeastern China has always been controversial. In this contribution, the petrology, zircon U-Pb geochronology and geochemistry are conducted on granite found in well HFD1, Songliao Basin, eastern part of Central Asian orogenic belt. Zircon U-Pb dating indicates that granite crystallized at 258.9 ± 2.2 Ma, as the product of magmatism occurred in the early Late Permian. The rocks have high SiO2, Al2O3, Na2O content, negative Eu anomaly, light enrichment of rare-earth elements, depletion of heavy rare-earth elements, high Sr (448.29–533.11 ppm, average 499.68 ppm), low Yb (0.49–0.59 ppm, average 0.54 ppm), Y (4.23–5.19 ppm, average 4.49 ppm), and high Sr/Y ratios (98–125, average 112) and can be classified as O-type adakite. This is the first discovery of late Paleozoic adakite in the Songliao Basin and the neighboring areas. The geochemistry of adakite indicates derivation by partial melting of MORB-type subducted oceanic crust, indicating that the subduction of the Paleo-Asian Oceanic lithosphere lasted until at least 258.9 Ma.
Utilization of Flotation Wastewater for Separation of Chalcopyrite and Molybdenite by Selective Surface Passivation
Authors: Guo Yuwu , Gu Guohua , Zhang Yisheng , Li Qingke , Liao Su , Wang Yanhong
Published: April 2024

In the flotation separation process of a Cu-Mo-W polymetallic ore, the wastewater from the scheelite cleaning flowsheet contains large numbers of residual flocculants and metal ions, and the separation of chalcopyrite and molybdenite requires a large number of environmentally harmful depressants. Therefore, it is necessary to find new methods to reduce the environmental and cost pressures of wastewater treatment and the use of depressants. In this work, the flotation wastewater from the scheelite cleaning flowsheet for the separation of chalcopyrite and molybdenite by selective surface passivation was investigated for the first time. Flotations of single minerals and artificially mixed minerals with or without immersion pretreatment in the presence and absence of aeration were performed. The results showed that pulp pH had no effect on the flotation of either mineral, and a molybdenite recovery of 93.22% with a chalcopyrite recovery of 10.77% was achieved under the conditions of 10 days of immersion pretreatment with aeration, 350 mg/L of kerosene, and 100 mg/L of MIBC. By combining the electrochemical cyclic voltammetry analysis and characterization by XRD and SEM, the selective surface passivation mechanism of chalcopyrite was discussed, which could be due to the coverage of the insoluble oxidation products, especially jarosite. This work has simultaneously achieved the depressant-free flotation separation of molybdenite and chalcopyrite and the reuse of scheelite flotation wastewater, which is of great significance for environmental protection and cost saving.
Editorial for the Special Issue “Sustainable Mining as the Key for the Ecological Transition: Current Trends and Future Perspectives”
Authors: Brink Hendrik Gideon , Dore Elisabetta , Perlatti Fabio , Lattanzi Pierfranco
Published: April 2024

A crucial aspect in the pursuit of sustainable development is the necessary shift toward an “ecological transition”, a transformation in societal paradigms to align human activities with the global ecosystem [...]
Kaempferol 3-O-Rutinoside, a Flavone Derived from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg, Reduces Body Temperature through Accelerating the Elimination of IL-6 and TNF-α in a Mouse Fever Model
Authors: Zheng Weilong , Wang Haina , Wang Xue , Li Xin , Hu Jiahuan , Zi Xiangyu , Zhou Yufeng , Pan Duotao , Fu Yongqian
Published: April 2024

Fever is a serious condition that can lead to various consequences ranging from prolonged illness to death. Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg (T. hemsleyanum) has been used for centuries to treat fever, but the specific chemicals responsible for its antipyretic effects are not well understood. This study aimed to isolate and identify the chemicals with antipyretic bioactivity in T. hemsleyanum extracts and to provide an explanation for the use of T. hemsleyanum as a Chinese herbal medicine for fever treatment. Our results demonstrate that kaempferol 3-rutinoside (K3OR) could be successfully isolated and purified from the roots of T. hemsleyanum. Furthermore, K3OR exhibited a significant reduction in rectal temperature in a mouse model of fever. Notably, a 4 μM concentration of K3OR showed more effective antipyretic effects than ibuprofen and acetaminophen. To explore the underlying mechanism, we conducted an RNA sequencing analysis, which revealed that PXN may act as a key regulator in the fever process induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In the mouse model of fever, K3OR significantly promoted the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α during the early stage in the LPS-treated group. However, during the middle to late stages, K3OR facilitated the elimination of IL-6 and TNF-α in the LPS-treated group. Overall, our study successfully identified the chemicals responsible for the antipyretic bioactivity in T. hemsleyanum extracts, and it answered the question as to why T. hemsleyanum is used as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine for treating fever. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the therapeutic potential of T. hemsleyanum in managing fever, and they provide a basis for further research and development in this field.