bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Produire de la compassion. L’accompagnement des victimes de violences conjugales en France et aux États-Unis
Authors: Delage Pauline
Published: March 2020

Depuis le mouvement de libération des femmes des années 1970, des groupes féministes se sont constitués pour accompagner et héberger les femmes victimes et leurs enfants en France et aux États-Unis. À partir d’une enquête sociohistorique et ethnographique menée dans des associations de lutte contre les violences conjugales situées dans le comté de Los Angeles et en Île-de-France, cet article propose de saisir la façon dont professionnalisation et politisation des émotions s’imbriquent dans la constitution du territoire professionnel d’organisations héritières des mouvements féministes. Dans les deux cas de l’enquête, en France et aux États-Unis, les émotions développées par les militantes et les professionnelles sont relativement similaires. La transformation du répertoire d’action, que traduit l’instauration des régimes professionnels de la cause des violences conjugales, s’accompagne du passage de l’expression de la colère à celle de la compassion. Toutefois, ces émotions sont pensées et travaillées à partir de conceptions différentes en fonction des contextes locaux. La comparaison entre deux espaces militants éclaire les rouages de la production de la compassion dans des associations militantes.
Observer les émotions pour saisir la politisation. Retour sur une enquête ethnographique en Bosnie-Herzégovine
Authors: Jouhanneau Cécile
Published: March 2020

À partir d’une enquête conduite entre 2007 et 2012 auprès d’anciens détenus de camps en Bosnie-Herzégovine, cet article avance que l’ethnographie comparée des émotions des enquêtés et de l’ethnographe peut contribuer à la compréhension des rapports ordinaires à la politique spécialisée. Dans cette société souvent réduite à l’ultra-nationalisme ou inversement au désintérêt pour la politique, la retenue et l’exposition publique du récit affecté de la détention donnent à voir des formes de politisation qui mettent à mal une telle dichotomie. Un discours de rejet et des pratiques d’évitement de la politique spécialisée peuvent ainsi fort bien aller de pair avec des connaissances solides du travail des acteurs partisans. L’ethnographie comparée des émotions peut donc révéler la présence souvent insaisissable de la politique dans la vie quotidienne.
Mechanical and Water Absorption Properties of Normal Strength Concrete (NSC) Containing Secondary Aluminum Dross (SAD)
Authors: Nduka David O. , Ede Anthony N. , Olofinnade Oluwarotimi Michael , Ajao Adekunle M.
Published: March 2020

Utilization of secondary aluminium dross (SAD) as a constituent material in production of concrete is one of the recycling and value-added alternatives of reusing the waste due to the environmental friendliness, economy and improved performances associated with the material. This present study investigates the feasibility of incorporating SAD as a replacement binder in normal strength concrete (NSC). X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis revealed that the investigated SAD is rich in alumina content while exhibiting expansive property when tested via Le Chatelier apparatus. The studied fresh concrete samples blended with SAD recorded low workability and densities as the replacement levels increase. Compressive, split tensile and flexural strength tests conducted on the hardened concrete indicated a reduce strength as the percentage contents of the SAD increases when compared with the reference mixture. Moreover, the water absorption results also revealed higher water absorption capacity of the hardened concrete samples with increasing percentage contents of the SAD in the concrete samples. It is, therefore, suggested that blend of Portland cement (PC) with SAD content within 10% will be beneficial in the production of normal strength concrete for the structural purpose by the construction industry, while also limiting the impact of the aluminium waste on the environment.
Squeeze Cast Mg-Zn Alloys for Bioapplications: Tensile Properties and Microstructure
Authors: Hu Anita , Nie Xueyuan , Hu Henry
Published: March 2020

In the past, Mg-Zn alloys prepared by a two-step manufacturing process of casting plus extrusion have been demonstrated to be a good candidate for biodegradable applications. But, studies on fabricating of Mg-Zn alloys with a single step process of squeeze casting capable of producing porosity-free Mg alloys, which can reduce the cost, are limited. In the present work, Zinc (Zn) addition varying from 1.0 up to 10.0 wt. % was introduced into liquid magnesium. The alloyed liquid was squeeze cast under an applied pressure of 90 MPa. The results of mechanical testing on the squeeze cast Mg-Zn alloys shows that Zn is an effective additive for enhancing their mechanical properties, specifically, tensile and yield strengths at room temperature, but reducing the elongation. While the Zn addition rises from 1.0 to 10.0 wt.%, the ultimate tensile and yield strengths increases to 181.0 MPa and 105.0 MPa from 140.7 MPa and 39.3 MPa, while the elongation-to-failure (ef) decreases to 3.7% from 6.2%, respectively. The reveal of the as-cast grain structure by an optical microscope (OM) indicates that the high Zn content reduces grain sizes considerably. The microstructures analyzed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with the energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) show that the secondary MgZn phase forms once Zn is introduced in sufficient amount. The grain refinement and the massive presence of the secondary MgZn phase at the boundaries of the refined grains should be responsible to the enhancement of the strengths and the reduction in the elongation. The developed pressurized casting without employing secondary manufacturing processes such as extrusion or heat treatment exhibits its advantages to enhance the mechanical properties of the Mg alloys with high Zn content over conventional fabrication processes, since high Zn-containing Mg alloys have a long freezing range and tend to form microshrinkage porosity.
Gut Microbiota Contributes to Spontaneous Colitis in E3 Ligase Itch-Deficient Mice
Authors: Kathania Mahesh , Tsakem Elviche L. , Theiss Arianne L. , Venuprasad K.
Published: March 2020

Inflammatory bowel diseases are associated with complex shifts in microbiota composition. However, it remains unclear whether specific subsets of commensal bacteria induce inflammatory bowel diseases in genetically susceptible hosts. In this study, we found that deficiency of the E3 ligase Itch, which leads to spontaneous colitis and rectal prolapse, is associated with alteration of the gut microbiota. 16S rRNA sequencing showed expansion of colitogenic Bacteroides sp. in Itch−/− mice. Treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics substantially reduced colonic inflammation in Itch−/− mice. Microbiota of Itch−/− mice failed to induce spontaneous colitis upon transfer to Itch+/+ mice but aggravated chemically induced colitis. Furthermore, we found that Bacteroides vulgatus, which is expanded in Itch−/− mice, was sufficient to induce colon inflammation in Itch−/− mice.
Negative Regulation of IKKε-Mediated IRF7 Phosphorylation by HSP70
Authors: Lee Kyoung Jin , Lee Heuiran , Joo Chul Hyun
Published: March 2020

Immune reactions are controlled by the delicate spatiotemporal orchestration of multiple cells communicating by cytokines. Studies of cytokines that began with the discovery of IFN focused on positive regulatory mechanisms that induce secretion in response to harmful stimuli. However, there is a growing awareness that negative regulatory mechanisms that stop secretion of cytokines at specific times and spaces are also important for a successful immune reaction. Type I IFN is the primary cytokine in innate immunity. Although its induction is a prerequisite for the consequent adaptive immune reaction, its oversecretion can cause destructive tissue damage. IFN regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) is a master transcription factor of type I IFN, and multiple observations indicate the key role of IRF7 and the importance of its negative regulation. In this study, we found that the inducible heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) regulated the early type I IFN response by using mice knockout for HSP70. HSP70 dampened IRF7 activation; the inhibitory effect of HSP70 over IKKε-mediated IRF7 activation originated from simple competitive binding. This suggests the possibility of blocking the feed-forward loop between IRF7 and type I IFN in stress environments with increased expression of HSP70.
IL-10 Dampens an IL-17–Mediated Periodontitis-Associated Inflammatory Network
Authors: Sun Lu , Girnary Mustafa , Wang Lufei , Jiao Yizu , Zeng Erliang , Mercer Kyle , Zhang Jinmei , Marchesan Julie T. , Yu Ning , Moss Kevin , Lei Yu L. , Offenbacher Steven , Zhang Shaoping
Published: March 2020

Emerging evidence suggests comprehensive immune profiling represents a highly promising, yet insufficiently tapped approach to identify potentially prognostic signatures for periodontitis. In this report, we agnostically identified a periodontitis-associated inflammatory expression network with multiple biomarkers identified within gingival crevicular fluid samples from study participants by applying principal component analysis. We identified an IL-17–dominated trait that is associated with periodontal disease and is inversely modified by the level of IL-10. IL-10 mitigated chemokine CXCL5 and CXCL1 expressions in IL-17–stimulated peripheral blood monocytic cells and peripheral blood monocytic cell–derived macrophages. Il10-deficient mice presented more bone loss, which was associated with more Il17 and IL-17–mediated chemokine and cytokine expression at the transcriptional levels in comparison with control wild-type mice in both the Porphyromonas gingivalis–induced experimental murine periodontitis and ligature-induced alveolar bone-loss models. The dampening effect of IL-10 on the excessive signaling of IL-17 appeared to be mediated by innate immune cells populations rather than by gingival epithelial cells, which are the major cell target for IL-17 signaling. Additionally, elevated IL-17 response in Il10-deficient mice specifically elicited an M1-skewing macrophage phenotype in the gingiva that was associated with the advanced bone loss in the ligature model. In summary, IL-17 dominated an inflammatory network characteristic of periodontitis, and IL-10 dampens this excessive IL-17–mediated periodontitis trait.
IFN-Stimulated Gene 15 Is an Alarmin that Boosts the CTL Response via an Innate, NK Cell–Dependent Route
Authors: Iglesias-Guimarais Victoria , Ahrends Tomasz , de Vries Evert , Knobeloch Klaus-Peter , Volkov Andriy , Borst Jannie
Published: March 2020

Type I IFN is produced upon infection and tissue damage and induces the expression of many IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) that encode host-protective proteins. ISG15 is a ubiquitin-like molecule that can be conjugated to proteins but is also released from cells in a free form. Free, extracellular ISG15 is suggested to have an immune-regulatory role, based on disease phenotypes of ISG15-deficient humans and mice. However, the underlying mechanisms by which free ISG15 would act as a “cytokine” are unclear and much debated. We, in this study, demonstrate in a clinically relevant mouse model of therapeutic vaccination that free ISG15 is an alarmin that induces tissue alert, characterized by extracellular matrix remodeling, myeloid cell infiltration, and inflammation. Moreover, free ISG15 is a potent adjuvant for the CTL response. ISG15 produced at the vaccination site promoted the vaccine-specific CTL response by enhancing expansion, short-lived effector and effector/memory differentiation of CD8+ T cells. The function of free ISG15 as an extracellular ligand was demonstrated, because the equivalents in murine ISG15 of 2 aa recently implicated in binding of human ISG15 to LFA-1 in vitro were required for its adjuvant effect in vivo. Moreover, in further agreement with the in vitro findings on human cells, free ISG15 boosted the CTL response in vivo via NK cells in the absence of CD4+ T cell help. Thus, free ISG15 is part of a newly recognized innate route to promote the CTL response.
تناسق الجرعة الإشعاعية للتصوير المقطعي للكلى والحالب والمثانة في مدينة الملك عبدالعزيز الطبية بجدة - تقييم الجودة
Authors: رهف حميد المطيري رهف حميد المطيري
Published: March 2020

. تُعد الأشعة المقطعية نوعًا من أنواع التصوير الطبي. وتظهر ميزة التصوير المقطعي بِجمع سلسلة من صور الأشعة السينية المأخوذة من زوايا مُختلفة حول الجسم. لِتظهر الجسم بشكل ثلاثي الأبعاد. كما للتصوير المقطعي مزايا، فإن له عيوبًا أيضًا، فالتصوير المقطعي يستعمل كمية كبيرة من الإشعاع مقارنة بالأشعة السينية. فعلى سبيل المثال، الجُرعة الإشعاعية عند تصوير الكلية والحالب والمثانة باستعمال الأشعة السنية تصل إلى 0.7 ملي سيفرت مقارنة بالأشعة المقطعية فالجرعة تصل إلى 10 ملي سيفرت. وتهدف هذه الدراسة لحساب الجُرعة الإشعاعية للمرضى بِمدينة الملك عبدالعزيز الطبية الخاضعين لفحص الكلية والحالب والمثانة لمقارنة الجُرعة الإشاعية لهم بالمقياس المسموح من الجمعية الأمريكية للأشعة. وقد تم عمل دراسة مستعرضة استعادية لجميع المرضى الخاضعين لفحص الأشعة المقطعية للكلية والحالب والمثانة بمدينة الملك عبدالعزيز الطبية خلال الفترة من الأول من شهر يناير وحتى يوم ثلاثين من شهر يونيو. وتضمنت الدراسة 264 مريضًا، وكان المتوسط الحسابي لكلٍ من CTDIvol و DLP و الوقت و Pitch والجرعة الفعالة مختلف بشكل كبير بين أجهزة تصوير الأشعة المقطعية ذات القيمة الاحتمالية بين 0.004- <0.001. ومن خلال الدراسة تم التوصل إلى أن كل من جهازي التصوير المقطعي كانا ضمن نطاق المعايير التابعة للجامعة الأمريكية للأشعة، والذي يصل إلى حوالي 10 ملي سيفرت. ونستخلص من هذا أن جرعات الأشعة التي قدمها جهازّي تصوير الأشعة المقطعية كانت متوافقة مع الجرعة الإشعاعية المسموح بها من الجمعية الأمريكية للأشعة.
سياسات الدولة في تطوير المناطق السكنية المتدهورة ومدى استدامتها دراسة حالة: حي الأسمرات ومثلث ماسبيرو
Authors: منى محروس عبد الواحد منى محروس عبد الواحد
Published: March 2020

. يحتوي العمران المصري على العديد من المناطق المتدهورة، وكل منطقة لها خصائصها وظروفها. تشكل هذه المناطق عبئًا كبيرًا على الدولة، وتحاول جاهدة التعامل مع هذه المناطق لتطويرها وتحسين الحياة المعيشية لسكانها. تقوم الدولة بتحديد سياسة التطوير المناسبة للتعامل مع المناطق المتدهورة لتحقيق سياسات وأهداف عملية التطوير واستدامتها. يجب على الدولة أن تشرك السكان في تحسين منطقتهم وأحوالهم المعيشية. قد جرى العرف على أن المشروعات التي تتم بناء على رغبة سياسية لا يقف أمامها عائق مادي أو إجراءات حكومية بيروقراطية، الأمر الذي يؤدي إلى دفع رجال الأعمال والمقاولين للتسابق لبذل الجهود والتبرع بالأموال. كل ذلك من الأمور التي لا علاقة لها بالاستدامة، فمن المفترض في الدولة القائمة على المؤسسات أن أعمال التطوير العمراني وإدارتها فيما بعد تخضع إلى خطة حكومية يقوم على إعدادها خبراء ومتخصصون لتحديد مناطق الأولويات وشكل التدخل الأنسب وكيفية تحقيق الاستدامة العمرانية، والاقتصادية، والبيئية والمؤسسية أثناء وبعد الانتهاء من المشروع. في هذا السياق يقوم البحث بدراسة، وتحليل وتقييم مشروعي تطوير حي الأسمرات ومنطقة مثلث ماسبيرو. وأيضًا دراسة ما بعد التطوير والإشغال، وتحليل مدى استدامة أعمال التطوير بعد اختفاء الدعم السياسي وانتهاء دور القطاع الخاص ورجال الأعمال، ومدى استدامة دور الجهات الحكومية والمجتمع المدني، وتأثير ذلك على وضع أعمال التطوير التي تمت بالمنطقة.
العمـارة التقليدية بمدينة جـازان بين المـاضي والحـاضر
Authors: أحــمد محــمود صـابر محـــمد أحــمد محــمود صـابر محـــمد
Published: March 2020

. الناظر للمنطقة العربية يجد أنها تمتلئ بالكنوز المعمارية والتراثية الفريدة، وتحوي العديد من القيم الجمالية والمعمارية، وانعكاس حقيقي لمتطلبات البيئية، عن طريق صياغة دقيقة لعناصرها المعمارية وإبداع فطري يتجسد في عمارة مستدامة تصلح لكثير من الأجيال، عند صياغتها بشكل معاصر، من هذا المنطلق نجد أن هناك الكثير من مدننا العربية الضاربة في التاريخ كمدينة جازان تزخر بتنوع ثقافي وبيئي فريد، انعكس بشكل مباشر علي العمارة التقليدية بها، والتي يجب فهمها، كي نستطيع رسم هوية واضحة يمكن من خلالها الحفاظ على هذا التراث الحضاري والاستفادة منه، من خلال تأصيل قيمه وسماته بالعمارة المعاصرة، وهذا يتطلب استيعاب مفاهيم وسمات الشخصية المعمارية لتلك البيئات وما تحويه من قيم حضارية دالة على ثقافة وتاريخ ونمط أهالي تلك المنطقة، خصوصًا مع التطور العمراني لتكنولوجي السريع الذي فرضته الظروف الاقتصادية والاجتماعية مع ظهور النفط، فلا يمكن الحفاظ علي بيئة ونسق معماري ما دون معرفة وتحديد هوية الطابع الموجود بتلك البيئة، ويهدف البحث بصفة عامة إلى تحديد وتصنيف الطابع المعماري التقليدي المميز لمنطقة جازان والبحث في سماته الجمالية والبيئية والإنشائية والتوزيع الجغرافي له قبل ظهور النفط كمؤثر اقتصادي مهم أثر علي العمارة المعاصرة بها.
Towards Balanced Regional Economic Development: The Case of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abdulkarim K. Alhowaish Abdulkarim K. Alhowaish
Published: March 2020

Despite all the efforts by Saudi Arabia at all levels to promote balanced regional-economic development across national
space, the apparent widening development gap at both inter-and-intra-regional levels still persists. The distribution of population,
employment and socio-economic activities in few Saudi regions during the last forty years is also remarkable. The Saudi Arabia,
however, realized that unless the trends in polarization of socio-economic opportunities in specific regions and interregional
disparities are rectified, Saudi national development cannot be sustained. This research is set to investigate development disparities
among regions in Saudi Arabia regarding economic structures and changes over the period of 1992 to 2010. Specifically, this
research study attempts to identify the potentialities of economic development in each region of Saudi Arabia and their explicit and
implicit competitive advantages to achieve balanced economic development among Saudi regions.
Urban Planning Information Systems and E-Government in Al-Madinah
Authors: Yousef A. M. Neyazi Yousef A. M. Neyazi
Published: March 2020

. Since last two decades, information systems are widely adopted in all life aspects. In developed world, electronic systems
been now shared by government’s firms and organizations using Shared- database for managing civic affaires for town, city or in
some cases for country for development process worldwide. Moreover they are been adopted even in developing countries such
Saudi Arabia in various local governments and Al-Madinah is one of those. These information systems are not applied for just
administrative issues, but more for analytical and planning tasks. Such information systems those are used in urban planning are
called 'Urban Information Systems' especially the Geographic Information Systems "GIS". This paper reviews literature of urban
information systems through three levels: globally, regionally, and locally. Then how this will requires a reform of local governments
and municipalities to gain form existing electronic technologies and governmental agencies and bodies, individuals, and public in
integrating efforts in developments of cities. More over it explores the case of the project of Al-Madinah e-government'. At last the
paper shows how GIS can be used for local planning for future projects, measures forecast, and policy setting. E-government project
in Al-Madinah is the first one in Saudi, and will be applied in all over the rest cities. Urban information systems are promising huge
capabilities and potentials for efficiency of urban planning in terms of: Public participation, electronic research for urban data, and
supporting decision making.
استخدام الرمل السوري في إنتاج أنسجة خزف غير عضوية جديدة
Authors: عبدالرزاق همال عبدالرزاق همال
Published: March 2020

: في هذا البحث حضرت أنسجة خزفية من الرمل السوري. تضمنت عملية التحضير مراحل عديدة، بدأت تنقية الرمل من الشوائب بالأحماض لإزالة معظم الشوائب وتصنيفها حسب الحجم. تحضر أنسجة الخزف بخلط الرمل بكميات مختلفة من سيليكات الصوديوم السائلة كغلاف ومن ثم دراسة تأثير نسبة الغلاف والضغط المتكون ودرجة حرارة المعالجة وحجم حبيبات الرمل على بعض خواص الأنسجة المحضرة. اختبرت فعالية الأنسجة المحضرة في معالجة مياه الصرف الصحي للغسالات وأن المعالجة ترتكز على التسوية ومن ثم الترشيح عبر الأنسجة المحضرة وأن الفعالية العالية للأنسجة المحضرة تنتج من تقليل الاحتياج للأوكسجين بنسبة 72.89% والأوكسجين الحيوي بنسبة 82.64% والعكر بنسبة 99.30% واللون بنسبة 98.90% والمواد المعلقة بنسبة 99.35%.
تعديل تأثير الادوية مضادة السرطان في المختبر باستخدام ميتافورمين على خطوط خلايا البشر السرطانية
Authors: نورا سعيد الوهراني نورا سعيد الوهراني
Published: March 2020

إن تأثير الأدوية مضادة السرطان يعتمد على ملاءمتها الحيوية وسميتها المتدنية. الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو استخدام الميتافورمين كعلاج مساعد للأدوية السرطان الكيميائية بغرض تحسين مفعولها كمضادات لانتشار الخلايا السرطانية بالإضافة لتقليل سمية الأدوية السرطانية الكيميائية. دؤست هذه الخصائص عن طريق تأثير خلط الميتافورمين بالسيس بلاتين على الخلايا لتقليل الأثار الجانبية. لقد استنتج أن خليط الميتافورمين والسيس بلاتين يقلل من تأثير الأدوية السرطانية مثل سرطان الكبد مقارنة باستخدام الأدوية السرطانية لوحدها. وأن الدراسة توصي بفعالية خلط الأدوية السرطانية بالميتافورمين مع قلة سميتها في الحبوانات.
A preliminary model to evaluate disaster management efforts
Authors: Pokkriyarath, MBA Manoj , Arunachalam, MBA Student Abhirami , Bishu, PhD Ram
Published: March 2020

Disasters are diversified in all aspects: they range from storms and tornadoes to earthquakes, tsunamis and cyclones etc. They affect a range of countries. Most disasters are caused by geographical factors. The overall response depends on the wealth of a country. For example, Japan is better prepared than Nepal or Haiti. Disaster responses are multidimensional and are assumed to be effective. From a service quality perspective, groups of responders provide services to victims. Effectiveness and efficiency of victim services are perhaps two outcome measures. Unfortunately, published studies on evaluation of disaster responses are sparse to nonexistent. The intent of this study is to develop a preliminary method for assessing the perceived effectiveness and efficiency (service quality) from the perspectives of both the responders and the victims. A method (preliminary) is proposed in which all anticipated attributes and outcomes are measured. Regression is the proposed modeling tool. It is hoped that the proposed preliminary method will facilitate the preparedness of the response teams and give rise to a permanent method.
Republic of Madagascar
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Published: March 2020

Selected Issues
A dedicated flask sampling strategy developed for ICOS stations based on CO2 and CO measurements and STILT footprint modelling
Authors: Levin Ingeborg , Karstens Ute , Eritt Markus , Maier Fabian , Arnold Sabrina , Rzesanke Daniel , Hammer Samuel , Ramonet Michel , Vítková Gabriela , Conil Sebastien , Heliasz Michal , Kubistin Dagmar , Lindauer Matthias
Published: March 2020

Abstract. In situ CO2 and CO measurements from five atmospheric ICOS (Integrated Carbon Observation System) stations have been analysed together with footprint model runs from the regional transport model STILT, to develop a dedicated strategy for flask sampling with an automated sampler. Flask sampling in ICOS has three different purposes: (1) Provide an independent quality control for in situ observations, (2) provide representative information on atmospheric components currently not monitored in situ at the stations, (3) collect samples for 14CO2 analysis that are significantly influenced by fossil fuel CO2 (ffCO2) emission areas. Based on the existing data and experimental results obtained at the Heidelberg pilot station with a prototype flask sampler, we suggest that single flask samples should be collected regularly every third day around noon/afternoon from the highest level of a tower station. Air samples shall be collected over one hour with equal temporal weighting to obtain a true hourly mean. At all stations studied, more than 50 % of flasks to be collected around mid-day will likely be sampled during low ambient variability (
Wildfire smoke in the lower stratosphere identified by in situ CO
observations
Authors: Hooghiem Joram J. D. , Popa Maria Elena , Röckmann Thomas , Grooß Jens-Uwe , Tritscher Ines , Müller Rolf , Kivi Rigel , Chen Huilin
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Wildfires emit large quantities of aerosols and trace gases, which occasionally reach the lower stratosphere. In August 2017, several pyro-cumulonimbus events injected a large amount of smoke into the stratosphere, observed by lidar and satellites. Satellite observations are in general the main method of detecting these events since in situ aircraft- or balloon-based measurements of atmospheric composition at higher altitudes are not made frequent enough. This work presents accidental balloon-borne trace gas observations of wildfire smoke in the lower stratosphere, identified by enhanced CO mole fractions at approximately 13.6 km. In addition to CO mole fractions, CO2 mole fractions as well as isotopic composition of CO (δ13C and δ18O) have been measured in air samples collected using an AirCore and a LIghtweight Stratospheric Air sampler (LISA) flown on a weather balloon from Sodankylä (4–7 September 2017, 67.37° N, 26.63° E, 179 m a.s.l.), Finland. The greenhouse gas enhancement ratio (∆CO : ∆CO2) and the isotopic signature based on δ13C(CO) and δ18O(CO) independently identify wildfire emissions as the source of the stratospheric CO enhancement. Back-trajectory analysis, performed with the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS), corrected for vertical displacement, due to heating of the wildfire aerosols, by observations made by the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) instrument, trace the smoke’s origin to wildfires in British Colombia with an injection date of 12 August 2017. Knowledge of the age of the smoke allowed for a correction of the enhancement ratio, ∆CO : ∆CO2, for the chemical removal of CO by OH. The stable isotope observations were used to estimate the amount of tropospheric air in the plume at the time of observation to be about 34 ± 14 %. The in situ observations provide information on the trace gas chemistry of smoke plumes that reach the stratosphere, as well as the vertical extent of 1 km of the 2017 smoke plume.
Marine carbonyl sulfide (OCS) and carbon disulfide (CS2): a compilation of measurements in seawater and the marine boundary layer
Authors: Lennartz Sinikka T. , Marandino Christa A. , von Hobe Marc , Andreae Meinrat O. , Aranami Kazushi , Atlas Elliot , Berkelhammer Max , Bingemer Heinz , Booge Dennis , Cutter Gregory , Cortes Pau , Kremser Stefanie , Law Cliff S. , Marriner Andrew , Simó Rafel , Quack Birgit , Uher Günther , Xie Huixiang , Xu Xiaobin
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) and carbon disulfide (CS2) are
volatile sulfur gases that are naturally formed in seawater and exchanged
with the atmosphere. OCS is the most abundant sulfur gas in the atmosphere,
and CS2 is its most important precursor. They have attracted increased interest due
to their direct (OCS) or indirect (CS2 via oxidation to OCS)
contribution to the stratospheric sulfate aerosol layer. Furthermore, OCS
serves as a proxy to constrain terrestrial CO2 uptake by vegetation.
Oceanic emissions of both gases contribute a major part to their atmospheric
concentration. Here we present a database of previously published and
unpublished (mainly shipborne) measurements in seawater and the marine
boundary layer for both gases, available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.905430 (Lennartz et
al., 2019). The database contains original measurements as well as data
digitalized from figures in publications from 42 measurement campaigns, i.e.,
cruises or time series stations, ranging from 1982 to 2019. OCS data cover
all ocean basins except for the Arctic Ocean, as well as all months of the
year, while the CS2 dataset shows large gaps in spatial and temporal
coverage. Concentrations are consistent across different sampling and
analysis techniques for OCS. The database is intended to support the
identification of global spatial and temporal patterns and to facilitate the
evaluation of model simulations.
Design and analysis of a spatially heterogeneous wake
Authors: Farrell Alayna , King Jennifer , Draxl Caroline , Mudafort Rafael , Hamilton Nicholas , Bay Christopher J. , Fleming Paul , Simley Eric
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Methods of turbine wake modeling are being developed to more accurately account for spatially variant atmospheric conditions within wind farms. Most current wake modeling utilities are designed to apply a uniform flow field to the entire domain of a wind farm. When this method is used, the accuracy of power prediction and wind farm controls can be compromised depending on the flow-field characteristics of a particular area. In an effort to improve strategies of wind farm wake modeling and power prediction, FLOw Redirection and Induction in Steady State (FLORIS) was developed to implement sophisticated methods of atmospheric characterization and power output calculation. In this paper, we describe an adapted FLORIS model that features spatial heterogeneity in flow-field characterization. This model approximates an observed flow field by interpolating from a set of atmospheric measurements that represent local weather conditions. The adaptations were validated by comparing the simulated power predictions generated from FLORIS to the actual recorded wind farm output from the Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) recordings. This work quantifies the accuracy of wind plant power predictions under heterogeneous flow conditions and establishes best practices for atmospheric surveying for wake modeling.
CARACTERÍSTICAS FITOSSOCIOLÓGICAS DA ARBORIZAÇÃO VIÁRIA DE BONITO-MS
Authors: Zamproni Kendra , Biondi Daniela , Maria Tamara Ribeiro Botelho de Carvalho , Bobrowski Rogério
Published: March 2020

Diagnosis through the street trees’ assessment is fundamental to the planning and maintenance of this asset, in order to maximize the benefits provided by the urban trees. Phytosociological studies allow an improvement of the data analysis obtained from the inventory, however they are still not used often in research on this subject. Within this context, the objective of this study was to analyze the phytosociological characteristics of the street trees of Bonito-MS, from the data obtained through a previous urban forest inventory. For this, the following factors were analyzed: frequency, density, dominance (expressed by the crown area in replace of the DBH) and importance value, calculated by the traditional method and by the Species Performance Index (IPE). Within the results, it is possible to verify that the importance value highlighted species which presented larger crown area even to the detriment of those that presented higher absolute frequency. The species with the highest frequency, density and dominance values was Licania tomentosa, and, despite the homogeneity of its planting in the municipality, this species presented high IPE value. The use of these phytosociological parameters allows a better evaluation of the adaptation and performance of the species in the municipality and assists in the decision-making of new plantings.
Entrepreneurial Orientation in Government-Owned Bank: Do They Improve Competitive Advantage?
Authors: . Maryono , Ghozali Imam , Kusumawardhani Amie , Prabantarikso R. Mahelan , Basbeth Firdaus
Published: March 2020

In Indonesia, housing finance is mainly raised from banks, with the government-owned housing bank (GOHB) BTN taking the largest share of the market. In constantly growing population need for new housing unit every year and increased number of competitors requires managers of government-owned housing bank to be able to develop their dynamic capabilities and adopt a more entrepreneurial orientation (EO). However, (GOHB) are typically being linked to organization that administratively influenced by government that impeding GOHB from being high performance organization driven by EO. Moreover, the dual goals of GOHB which are business and social goals makes the managers struggle to develop and adopt entrepreneurial orientation, since they have to set priorities and trade-off between those goals. The aims of this study is to investigate the role of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) in improving competitive advantage of government-owned housing bank, and fills a gap in the literature by linking entrepreneurial orientation to the theory of dynamic capabilities. This study explored the mediating effect of multi-dimensional EO which is: innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk taking in the relationship between dynamic capabilities (DC) and competitive advantage. The method of the study is a survey using area sampling and proportionate random sampling to collect data from 115 managers in 20 branches in island of Java, during the month of May to August, 2018 (cross-sectional method). The result shows a positive relationship between dynamic capabilities to innovativeness, proactiveness and risk taking. As expecting risk taking has no mediating effect to competitive advantage.
Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on the Financial Performance of Listed Deposit Banks in Nigeria
Authors: Nwanji Tony Ikechukwu , Howell Kerry E. , Faye Sainey , Otekunrin Adegbola Olubukola , Eluyela Damilola Felix , Lawal Adedoyin Isola , Eze Sunday Chinedu
Published: March 2020

In this study, we examine the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the financial performance of Nigerian listed deposit banks. We collected secondary data from the annual reports and accounts of 14 banks between 2010 and 2017. We employed the Tobin Q quantitative method for the analysis. We adopted the theoretical framework of pecking order theory since the analysis of the impact of FDI on the financial performance of these banks are both inward and outward FDI. The Tobin Q method was used as the dependent variable and FDI as an independent variable. Board size, firm size, equity capital and reinvested earnings were all financial performance indicators employed to test the impact of FDI on the financial performance of the banks on understudy in Nigeria. The result of the data analysis and findings showed that FDI had contributed positively to the development and performance of the deposit banks over the period under consideration. Our theoretical findings suggest a positive relationship between FDI and profit maximization. This support the FDI theory that banks or organisations are financed partly with debt-equity, both used by the banks to balance the cost and benefit financing decisions by the management. In the case of the empirical findings, the results of hypothesis testing show a significant effect on the banks’ financial performances. Given these results, we conclude that FDI has made a positive impact on the development and financial performances of the listed deposit banks under study which resulted in some of the banks’ growth from local banks in Nigeria into some of the leading international banks in Africa.
Doing Better by Doing Good: Discussing the Value Potential of Selected “Just Companies”
Authors: Ahmad Hafiz Imtiaz
Published: March 2020

On December 10, 2018, The JUST Capital Foundation, in partnership with Forbes, has released the 2018 ranking of the one hundred most socially "just" companies in the United States (Forbes; Just capital Foundation, 2018).This paper aims to discuss the value generation potential of the selected companies in this list by using (Ohlson, 1995) model. Our findings suggest that the in the context of USA, markets value social responsibility efficiently and the impact is visible in various sectors. These results may be of interest for investment analysts, academic researchers, Governments and regulatory bodies. In addition, we suggest that the results may indicate an area into which valuation professionals should invest time and thought as they assess the values of privately-held companies.
The Relationship Between Government Expenditures on Education and Economic Growth: The Case of Azerbaijan
Authors: Mukhtarov Shahriyar , Mammadov Ilkin , Humbatova Sugra
Published: March 2020

This paper investigates the impact of government’s education expenditures, gross capital formation and total population on economic growth in Azerbaijan during 1995-2018 using the different cointegration methods, namely, ARDLBT, DOLS, and CCR. The results from cointegration methods approve presence of long-run relationship among the variables. The estimation results show that government’s expenditures on education, gross capital formation and total population have a positive and statistically significant impact on economic growth in the long-run. The paper concludes that a concerted effort should be made by policy makers to increase educational investment in order to escelate economic growth.
Impact of Related Activities on Reading Comprehension of EFL Students
Authors: Alghonaim Ali S.
Published: March 2020

This experimental study reported in this article is casual research since it aims to improve reading comprehension of EFL students by means of applying pre-related reading activities. The study is quantitative. It used two instruments: (1) Reading Engagement Scale developed by Whitaker (2003) to determine the efficacy of pre-related reading activities and (2) pretest/posttest to measure comprehension level after implementing related reading activities. The subjects, Saudi EFL learners, were students in an English college in Buraidah city. The research used two groups: experimental and control groups. The subjects in the control group (27 students) were receiving a regular reading instruction, whereas those in the experimental group (24 students) did some pre-related reading activities at home and before the class. Multiple statistical tests were used to find out reliability, regression, and pearson correlation. The result of the study showed that the difference between the two groups was statistically significant. The students in the experimental groups far outperformed those in the control group. The study suggests that EFL learners' comprehension level increases with reading engagement that is related to the class reading. Recommendation of this finding for EFL reading environment is discussed.
In situ trans-esterification of oil-containing Jatropha curcas seeds to produce biodiesel fuel
Authors: Kartika I Amalia , Yani M , Ariono D , Evon Ph , Rigal L
Published: March 2020

The objective of this study was to investigate in situ trans-esterification allowing direct production biodiesel from jatropha seed. The influences of amount of KOH catalyst, methanol to seed ratio, amount of n-hexane to methanol and seed ratio, stirring speed, temperature and reaction time were examined to define the best performance of biodiesel yield and quality. Generally, methanol to seed ratio, amount of KOH and n-hexane to methanol and seed ratio affected biodiesel yield. An increase of biodiesel yield was observed as methanol to seed ratio, amount of KOH and n-hexane to methanol and seed ratio were increased. Stirring speed, temperature and reaction time did not affected biodiesel yield. Highest biodiesel yield (89%) was obtained under 6:1 methanol to seed ratio, 0.075 mole/L KOH in methanol, 3:3:1 n-hexane to methanol and seed ratio, 600 rpm stirring speed, 40 °C temperature and 6 h reaction time. The effect of process parameters on biodiesel quality was less important. In all experiments tested, the biodiesel quality was very good (acid value < 0.3 mg of KOH/g, viscosity < 5.5 cSt, saponification value > 183 mg of KOH/g). The quality of biodiesel produced under optimum reaction condition was in accordance with the Indonesian Biodiesel Standard. Keywords: biodiesel, in situ, jatropha seed, transesterificationAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memproduksi biodiesel secara langsung dari biji jarak pagar melalui proses transesterifikasi in situ. Parameter proses yang dipelajari adalah pengaruh konsentrasi katalis KOH, rasio metanol terhadap bahan, rasio n-heksan terhadap metanol dan bahan, kecepatan pengadukan, suhu dan waktu reaksi terhadap rendemen biodiesel dan kualitasnya. Rasio metanol terhadap bahan, konsentrasi KOH dan rasio n-heksan terhadap metanol dan bahan berpengaruh nyata terhadap rendemen biodiesel. Semakin tinggi rasio metanol terhadap bahan, konsentrasi KOH dan rasio n-heksan terhadap metanol dan bahan, rendemen biodiesel semakin meningkat. Kecepatan pengadukan, suhu dan waktu reaksi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap rendemen biodiesel. Rendemen biodiesel tertinggi (89%) diperoleh dari perlakuan rasio metanol terhadap bahan 6:1, 0.075 mol/L KOH dalam metanol, rasio n-heksan terhadap metanol dan bahan 3:3:1, kecepatan pengadukan 600 rpm, suhu 40 °C dan waktu reaksi 6 jam. Kualitas biodiesel yang dihasilkan dari proses transesterifikasi in situ biji jarak pagar pada seluruh perlakuan yang diuji sangat baik (bilangan asam < 0.3 mg KOH/g, viskositas < 5.5 cSt, bilangan penyabunan > 183 mg KOH/g), dan tidak dipengaruhi oleh parameter-parameter proses. Kualitas biodiesel yang dihasilkan dari kondisi proses optimum memenuhi Standar Biodiesel Indonesia.Kata kunci: biodiesel, in situ, biji jarak, transesterifikasi
Separation of oil-in-water emulsion using slotted pore membrane
Authors: Sutrisna P.D. , Lingganingrum F.S. , Wenten I.G.
Published: March 2020

Nowadays, oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion has become an important topic in many industries. Petroleum industry is one of these industries. O/W emulsion produced in crude oil recovery causes problems at different stages in petroleum industry. Produced water can not be injected again into the well, because it contains high concentrations of oil, grease and suspended particles. Recently, membrane technology has been applied in separation of O/W emulsion. One membrane that has been developed special for oil filtration is slotted true surface filter. This research investigated influences of pore size and initial concentration of feed emulsion during oil filtration using slotted pore membrane. From the experiment, oil rejection will be higher if we use membrane with smaller pore size, emulsion with high stability and small trans membrane pressure. Based on the slot width it can be concluded that 33 microns membrane gives better oil rejection than 80 microns membrane. Initial concentrations of challenge emulsion also influence value of flux and oil rejection, which will also influence our decision to choose suitable membrane in relation with hydrophilicity of the membrane. During microfiltration process, there was deformation of oil particle through slot of membrane, which can be analyzed by observing size of oil drops in feed and permeate sides. Keywords: emulsion, microfiltration, slotted pore membraneAbstrakSaat ini penanganan limbah emulsi minyak dalam air menjadi topik penting di berbagai industri. Salah satunya adalah industri perminyakan. Emulsi yang dihasilkan dalam proses penambangan minyak mentah menimbulkan masalah pada beberapa tahapan proses di industri. Air yang mengandung minyak tidak dapat digunakan kembali untuk meningkatkan perolehan minyak karena mengandung minyak, lemak dan partikel tersuspensi dalam konsentrasi tinggi. Sehingga dibutuhkan proses pemisahan emulsi minyak dalam air. Akhir–akhir ini teknologi membran telah digunakan untuk memisahkan emulsi tersebut. Salah satu membrane yang dikembangkan adalah membrane berslot seperti yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini telah berupaya mengamati pengaruh variasi ukuran pori dan konsentrasi umpan terhadap performa membrane berslot dalam memisahkan emulsi minyak dalam air. Dari percobaan, diperoleh hasil bahwa rejeksi membran terhadap minyak meningkat jika digunakan membrane dengan ukuran ori lebih kecil, emulsi dengan kestabilan yang tinggi, dan beda tekanan yang kecil. Disimpulkan bahwa membrane dengan ukuran pori 33 mikrometer memberikan rejeksi membrane lebih tinggi dibandingkan membrane dengan ukuran pori 80 mikrometer. Konsentrasi awal umpan mempengaruhi fluks dan rejeksi serta mempengaruhi pilihan kita dalam memilih jenis membran yang digunakan. Selama proses filtrasi, terjadi perubahan bentuk atau deformasi partikel minyak melewati slot atau pori membrane yang diamati melalui distribusi ukuran partikel.Kata kunci: emulsi, mikrofiltrasi, membran berslot
Pengembangan katalis Kalsium Oksida untuk sintesis biodiesel
Authors: Fanny Widdy Andya , Subagjo S , Prakoso Tirto
Published: March 2020

The Improvement of Calcium Oxide Catalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis The development of industrial’s sector resulted in increasing demand for fuel. Fuel used is obtained from fossil fuel which is limited, and it produces several harmful gases to environment. To overcome these obstacles, the research on alternative energy resources has begun. Biodiesel has become more attractive because of its environmental benefits and it is made from renewable resources. Biodiesel is produced from vegetable oil by transesterification reaction. The aim of this research is development of CaO become super base CaO as heterogeneous for biodiesel synthesis by transesterification. The activities of both catalysts were tested by transesterification reaction in batch reactor at 60–65 oC for 4 hours. Both of those catalysts were characterized; include crystallinity by XRD, strength of base and surface area by BET method. Those solids have the basic strength about 10–11, crystalline structures, and the surface area of super base CaO about 7.7 m2/g and CaO about 9.6 m2/g. The content of methyl ester in biodiesel produced reaches 98.8%. According to SNI (minimal 96.5 %-wt) and ASTM, biodiesel of this reaction can be used as renewable energy source. Keywords: CaO, super base CaO, transesterification, biodiesel Abstrak Berkembangnya industri di dunia mengakibatkan meningkatnya kebutuhan akan bahan bakar. Selama ini bahan bakar yang digunakan diperoleh dari bahan bakar fosil yang jumlahnya terbatas, terlebih lagi hasil pembakaran bahan bakar fosil cenderung tidak ramah lingkungan. Untuk mengatasi berbagai kendala yang ditimbulkan dari penggunaan bahan bakar fosil, penelitian terhadap sumber energi alternatif mulai dilakukan. Biodiesel menarik perhatian dunia karena hasil pembakarannya lebih ramah lingkungan dan berasal dari sumber yang terbarukan. Biodiesel dihasilkan dari minyak nabati melalui reaksi transesterifikasi.Penelitian ini mengembangkan katalis CaO menjadi katalis CaO super basa untuk reaksi transesterifikasi pembentukan biodiesel. Aktivitas katalis CaO dan katalis CaO super basa tersebut diuji melalui reaksi transesterifikasi di dalam reaktor partaian pada suhu 60–65 oC selama 4 jam. Karakterisasi padatan meliputi uji kristalinitas dengan metode XRD, uji kekuatan basa, dan uji luas permukaan dengan metode BET. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa padatan memiliki kekuatan basa berkisar 10–11, bersifat kristalin, dan memiliki luas permukaan sebesar 7,7 m2/g untuk CaO super basa dan 9,6 m2/g untuk CaO. Kadar metil ester biodiesel yang dihasilkan mencapai 98,8%. Kadar metil ester menurut SNI (minimal 96,5 %-b) dan ASTM, biodiesel dari reaksi ini dapat digunakan sebagai sumber energi terbarukan. Kata Kunci: CaO, CaO super basa, transesterifikasi, biodiesel