bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low Earth Orbit Communication Satellites – A Positively Disruptive Technology Which Could Change the Delivery of Healthcare in Rural and Northern Canada (Preprint)
Authors: Hamilton Douglas , Kohli Sandeep , McBeth Paul , Moore Randy , Hamilton Keltie , Kirkpatrick Andrew
Published: February 2023

UNSTRUCTURED

Canada is a progressive nation which endeavours to provide comprehensive, universal, and portable healthcare to all its citizens. This is a challenge for a country which has a population of 38 million living within a land expanse of 10 million km2 and where 18% are living in rural or extremely remote locations. The combined population of Yukon, Northwest Territories and Nunavut is only 128,959 living within 3.92 million km2 and many of these citizens live in isolated communities with unique health needs and social issues. The current solutions to providing healthcare in the most remote locations have been to transport the patient to the healthcare provider or vice versa, which incurs considerable financial strain on our healthcare system and personal stress to the patient and provider. The recent deployment of Low Earth Orbit communication satellites (LEO-ComSats) globally will change the practice and availability of virtual medicine everywhere in the world, especially northern Canada. The deployment of LEO-ComSats could result in disruptive but positive changes in medical care for underserved communities in remote geographic locations across Canada. LEO-ComSats can be used to demonstrate the utility of virtual medical encounters between a patient and a doctor in Canada separated by thousands of kilometers. Most certainly the academic medical centers in lower Canada could perform virtual tele-mentored medical care to our northern communities in a manner similar to the virtual care provided to many Canadians during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Speech and thought Presentation in Soon by Alice Munro: A Stylistic Analysis
Authors: Ahmed Zeravan Ayoub , Mohammadzadeh Behbood
Published: February 2023

The different linguistic styles used by the authors in their novels and short stories have made them interesting and challenging to study. Those styles are able to create certain effects on the readers; they might be emphatic, amused, persuaded, or even perplexed. Stylistics aims to examine the relationship between language and artistic function in literature. This research focuses on "Soon," the second and middle story of the Juliet trilogy ("Chance," "Soon" and "Silence") included in Runaway written by Alice Munro. This study used stylistics as an approach to analyze how the speeches and thoughts of the characters in the story are presented and to find out which of the categories of speech presentation are most frequently used in the short story. As a result, the current study discovers 373 presentations in Soon, including 304 speech presentations and 69 thought presentations. The analysis shows that the most commonly used speech presentation modes are FDS and DS which enable the author to make the characters seem independent of the narrator. The FDS technique suggests that the context of speech in the story is clear enough, referring to who the speakers are. The choice of forms of speech presentation as well as the choice of speech act verbs has significant consequences for the degree of importance that is attributed to different utterances, for the projection of viewpoint, and for the creation of a contrast between the characters.
Workplace Well-Being and Work Engagement among Employees in the Department of Public Works and Highways first and third District Engineering offices
Authors: Yosores Joel B. , Naparota Leo C. , S. Cabalida Edgardo
Published: February 2023

This study aimed to assess the workplace well-being and how it affects the work engagement of employees in the Department of Public Works and Highways first and third engineering district offices during the calendar year 2022. The respondents were ninety-four (94) employees of the Department of Public Works and Highways first and third district engineering offices. The study used descriptive-correlational research design utilizing the quantitative approach with the aid of questionnaire checklist in gathering data employing frequency counting and percentage, weighted mean, standard deviation, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman Rank-Order Correlation Coefficient. The study revealed that DPWH was manned by majority of the females, employees’ belonged to the adult age 31-51, the majority of employees' length of service was six years and above, educational attainment was dominated by college level, and likewise there were also non-regular employees working in the DPWH. The study found out that the respondents’ perceived level of workplace well-being is high. In addition, the study also found out that the respondents’ perceived level of work engagement is highly engaged. However, the perceived level of the respondents in terms of intrusion of work into their private life is moderate. The study found out that the workplace well-being and work engagement of the employees did not differ significantly when measured by sex, age, length of service, educational attainment and type of employment. The study found out also that the workplace well-being and work engagement of the employees were not affected when measured by demographic profile. Furthermore, the study found out that employees’ workplace well-being was positively related with, and strongly connected to, their work engagement. This indicates that workplace well-being was significantly related to employees’ work engagement in the Department of Public Works and Highways. Hence, management strategy, organizational culture, working environment and policy of the Department of Public Works and Highways would be enhanced to boost the level of workplace well-being and employees’ work engagement.
La movilidad en el territorio tabasqueño de la época colonial temprana: una aproximación “vernácula” desde los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG)
Authors: Maestri Nicoletta
Published: February 2023

El presente trabajo explora algunas de las posibilidades y retos en la utilización de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) en la historia. A través de un caso de estudio enfocado en la provincia de Tabasco en la primera época colonial, el texto aborda la utilización de mapas históricos, fuentes textuales y cartografía digital para la implementación de una plataforma digital enfocada a entender y reconstruir la organización territorial y de la movilidad en este territorio novohispano. Al mismo tiempo, se discuten los beneficios metodológicos de una aplicación “vernácula” de esta herramienta para solucionar las limitaciones de la georeferenciación e “inexactitud” geográfica que emergen al lidiar con mapas de la primera edad moderna.
Gaya Hidup, Persepsi, dan Motivasi Konsumen Milenial terhadap Produk Berbasis Bubuk Teh Hijau: Studi Kasus pada Mahasiswa Antropologi Fisip Unpad
Authors: Ade Arintya Malika , Herawati Erna , Sita Kralawi
Published: February 2023

Tidak kalah dengan negara-negara penghasil teh lainnya, industri produk teh pun turut berkembang juga di Indonesia. Diantara banyaknya teh yang terproduksi, Indonesia juga menjadi produsen salah satu bentuk olahan populer teh hijau; bubuk teh hijau. Untuk meningkatkan pemasaran dan penjualan produk bubuk teh hijau, perlu melihat gaya hidup dari konsumen yang hendak dituju, dimana nantinya faktor pendorong konsumen untuk mengonsumsi produk tersebut dapat terlihat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami dan mengkaji gaya hidup kelompok masyarakat muda, dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Antropologi FISIP Unpad, sebagai target konsumen dari produk bubuk teh hijau. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei secara daring, dimana data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Olahan bubuk teh hijau bukanlah suatu hal yang mengikat responden milenial secara kultural; (2) Tidak banyak hal yang membuat responden secara khusus memotivasi mereka untuk mengonsumsi bubuk teh hijau dalam kesehariannya; (3) Minimnya pengetahuan umum responden terkait produk bubuk teh hijau, pasalnya responden milenial tidak begitu memerhatikan aspek manfaat dari bubuk teh hijau, melainkan lebih fokus pada rasa dari produk tersebut; (4) Responden tidak menerapkan gaya hidup konsumen teh dimana mereka mengonsumsi bubuk teh hijau dalam kesehariannya, namun produk ini menjadi bagian dari konsumsi mereka dalam memenuhi kebutuhan sosial, sebagai produk makanan dan minuman  untuk menemani mereka bersosialisasi, dibandingkan dikonsumsi sebagai produk kecantikan atau kesehatan; dan (5) Perlu adanya strategi pendekatan pada konsumen milenial dengan target membangun brand awareness yang dapat dilakukan melalui promosi yang dilakukan oleh para influencer dengan sebaran umur yang setara dengan generasi milenial.
Dynamical many-body delocalization transition of a Tonks gas in a quasi-periodic driving potential
Authors: Vuatelet Vincent , Rançon Adam
Published: February 2023

The quantum kicked rotor is well-known for displaying dynamical (Anderson) localization. It has recently been shown that a periodically kicked Tonks gas will always localize and converge to a finite energy steady-state. This steady-state has been described as being effectively thermal with an effective temperature that depends on the parameters of the kick. Here we study a generalization to a quasi-periodic driving with three frequencies which, without interactions, has a metal-insulator Anderson transition. We show that a quasi-periodically kicked Tonks gas goes through a dynamical many-body delocalization transition when the kick strength is increased. The localized phase is still described by a low effective temperature, while the delocalized phase corresponds to an infinite-temperature phase, with the temperature increasing linearly in time. At the critical point, the momentum distribution of the Tonks gas displays different scaling at small and large momenta (contrary to the non-interacting case), signaling a breakdown of the one-parameter scaling theory of localization.
Application of Value Stream Mapping to Improve Service in The Departure Terminal at Halim Perdanakusumah Airport
Authors: Sarasi Vita , Primiana Ina , Kusnadiuthor Desita Astira
Published: February 2023

This study aims to identify and reduce waste in the passenger flow process at the Halim Perdanakusuma Airport departure terminal, so that passenger service remains good even with limited terminal capacity. This research used a qualitative method with a case study approach. The method stages are the observation of the departure passenger flow process mapped through current state Value Stream Mapping (VSM), distribution of questionnaires to obtain critical waste with Borda analysis, and fishbone diagrams to find out the rooting causes of critical waste, the proposing process improvements, and the future state of VSM, The results showed that critical waste in the flow of departure passengers is 22.11%, which includes passenger activities waiting for the Security Check Point 1 and Point 2 queue. Furthermore, based on the current state of VSM, the lead time for departure passengers is 33 minutes 47 seconds and VAR is 20.22%. While form the future state of VSM, the lead time is 28 minutes 22 seconds with a VAR of 20.36%, resulting in time efficiency of 5 minutes 24 seconds.
GAP Analysis of Higher Education Quality Assurance System Implementation Against Educational Organization Management Standards ISO 21001:2018
Authors: Syahrullah Yudi , Yanti April , Adhiana Tigar Putri , Imran Rani Aulia
Published: February 2023

ISO 21001:2018 is an international standard for the management system of educational organizations that formal education organizations can apply to achieve their goals and functions to provide quality educational services. Currently, there are study programs with C accreditation and 2 study programs accredited B at Faculty of X under The University of Y. Hence, quality assurance at Faculty X still needs to be improved to achieve the highest accreditation. It is hoped that an education management system that refers to the ISO 21001:2018 standard can assist organizations in meeting these goals and targets. Faculty X has not implemented the ISO 21001:2018 quality assurance system but has implemented a quality assurance system through an internal academic quality audit process known as AIMA. This study aims to determine the GAP between the current higher education quality assurance system and the educational organization management system ISO 21001:2018 and determine the level of readiness obtained by Faculty X to meet the requirements of ISO 21001:2018. The results show that 59% of the ISO 21001:2018 clauses have been completed in the higher education quality assurance standard based on AIMA (Academic Quality Internal Audit Instrument), and 41% of the requirements still do not meet the AIMA standard. The percentage of readiness obtained by Faculty X in implementing the management system of educational organizations ISO 21001:2018 is 73%, which means that Faculty X still has to improve the quality system in preparation for ISO 2100:2018 quality assurance. Improvements in meeting the ISO 21001:2018 educational organization management system are plans for consistent improvement, monitoring, and evaluation.
Are IPOs underpriced? Empirical evidence from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Samontaray Durga Prasad , Al Zuwidi Abdullah Saud
Published: February 2023

nderpricing of initial public offerings (IPOs) is a common phenomenon that widely studied over many periods and a broad range of countries. This paper examines the extent of underpricing of IPOs in Saudi Arabia by using the data of 44 IPOs listed on the Saudi Stock Exchange from January 2010 till October 2021. We found that IPOs on average were underpriced by 49.4%. The stepwise multiple regression results showed that the number of individual subscribers, the level of over-subscription by individuals, and the firm size have a significant relationship with IPO returns. The outcomes are hence consistent with the prediction of ex-ante uncertainty and the winners’ curse hypothesis.
Striving for Sustainable Development: Analysis of the Revenue and Operation Cost of Private Kindergartens in Chinese Society
Authors: Gao Jing , Wang Hailan , Shao Yue , Duan Yaqin , Wang Wei
Published: February 2023

This study explores the revenue and operation cost structures of private
kindergartens in China as profitability is key to their sustainable
development. Altogether 233 private kindergartens were sampled and
involved in the survey study, which provides a quantitative analysis of
the researcher-designed Questionnaire on the Revenue and Cost of Private
Kindergartens (QRCPK). And 23 of these participating kindergartens were
involved in a semi-structured interview. Analyses of both survey and
interview data jointly indicated that: (1) the majority of the revenue
of private kindergartens depended on the tuition fees; (2) their labor
cost and rent costs are massive high; (3) the low profitability has been
proved by the high cost-revenue ratio; (4) the poor cost accounting and
financial management strategies hindered the sustainable development of
private kindergartens.
DNA barcodes provide insights into the diversity and biogeography of the non-biting midge Polypedilum (Diptera, Chironomidae) in South America.
Authors: Silva Fabio Laurindo , Pinho Luiz , Stur Elisabeth , Nihei Silvio , Ekrem Torbjorn
Published: February 2023

Aim The Neotropics, particularly South America, holds unparalleled high
levels of species richness, when compared to other major biomes. Some
neotropical areas are hotspots of a fragmentary known diversity of
insects and are under manifest danger of biodiversity loss and climate
change. Therefore, prompt estimates methods of its diversity are
urgently required to complement slower traditional taxonomic approaches.
Despite a variety of algorithms for delimiting species through
single-locus DNA barcodes having been developed and applied for rapid
estimates of species diversity in a wide array of taxa; however,
tree-based and distance-based methods may lead to different group
assignments, either overestimating or underestimating the number of
putative species. Here, we investigate the performance of different
DNA-based species delimitation approaches for a rapid biodiversity
estimate of the diversity of Polypedilum (Chironomidae, Diptera) in
South America. Location Worldwide Methods We analyze a mtDNA dataset
comprising 1,492 specimens from 598 locations worldwide. Molecular
operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) ranged from 267 to 520, based on the
Barcode Index Number (BIN), Bayesian Poisson tree processes (bPTP),
multi-rate Poisson tree processes (mPTP), single-rate Poisson tree
processes (sPTP), and generalized mixed Yule coalescent (sGMYC)
approaches. Results Our results highlight Polypedilum as a species-rich
genus, yet incompletely documented, and found the sGMYC method to be the
most adequate to estimate putative species in our dataset. Furthermore,
based on these data, we describe the distribution of diversity and some
biogeographical patterns of Polypedilum. Main Conclusions Findings imply
the genus exhibited high levels of endemism and richness of species in
the Neotropics, which confirmed our hypothesis that there are
substantial differences in community structure between the Polypedilum
fauna in South America and the neighboring regions.
Leech-derived iDNA complements traditional surveying methods, enhancing species detections for rapid biodiversity sampling in the tropics
Authors: Fahmy Mai , Andrianoely Dina , Wright Patricia , Hekkala Evon
Published: February 2023

Deforestation, exploitation, and other drivers of biodiversity loss in
Madagascar leave its highly endangered and predominantly endemic
wildlife at risk of extinction. Decreasing biodiversity threatens to
compromise ecosystem functions and vital services provided to people.
New, economical, and diverse methods of biodiversity monitoring can help
to establish reliable baseline and long-term records of species
richness. Metabarcoding with invertebrate-derived DNA (iDNA) has emerged
as a promising new biosurveillance tool. An unexpected wet forest
fragment tucked in the cliffs of Madagascar’s southcentral plateau, the
Ivohibory Protected Area (IPA), hosts a unique mosaic of species
diversity, featuring both dry and wet forest species. Recently elevated
to protected status, the IPA has been surveyed for flora and fauna with
a range of inventory methods over the course of three years and six
expeditions (2016, 2017, & 2019). We collected 1,451 leeches over 12
days from the IPA to supplement known species richness and to compare my
results against current records. With iDNA, we followed a tissue pooling
protocol for isolation and amplification of bloodmeal DNA with five sets
of primers. We detected 20 species of which four are species of frogs
previously undetected and three of which are previously unknown to exist
in this region. iDNA surveys have the capacity to provide complementary
data to traditional surveying methods like camera traps, line transects,
and bioacoustic methods.
The Role of U2AF1 Mutation in Malignant Diseases and Related Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Shi Jianyou , NIAN QING , Li Yihui , Li Jingwei , Liu Maoyu , Zhao Liyun , Hong Yuan , Zeng Jinhao , Liu Rongxing
Published: February 2023

The U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor1（U2AF1）belongs to the
splicing factor SR family. This spliceosome involves in intron removal
from messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and exon-exon binding. Nevertheless, the
mutation of U2AF1 is associated with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS),
bone marrow cancer, and solid tumors, including lung cancer, pancreatic
carcinoma, and other malignant tumors. Besides, the expression and
mutation of U2AF1 will promote the occurrence or prognosis of relevant
diseases. Hence, targeted therapies are required in the treatment of
relevant diseases.Unfortunately, it remains unclear about the role of
U2AF1 in different diseases. Therefore, we summarized the pathogenic
mechanism of U2AF1 in different malignant diseases and related targeted
agents.
Improved National-Scale Flood Prediction for Gauged and Ungauged Basins using a Spatio-temporal Hierarchical Model
Authors: Fang Shiqi , Johnson J. Michael , Yeghiazarian Lilit , Sankarasubramanian Arumugam
Published: February 2023

Floods cause hundreds of fatalities and billions of dollars of economic
loss each year in the United States. To mitigate these damages, accurate
flood prediction is needed for issuing early warnings to the public.
This situation is exacerbated in larger model domains for high flows,
particularly in ungauged basins. To improve flood prediction for both
gauged and ungauged basins, we propose a spatio-temporal hierarchical
model (STHM) to improve high flow estimation using a 10-day window of
modeled National Water Model (NWM) streamflow and a variety of catchment
characteristics as input. The STHM is calibrated (1993-2008) and
validated (2009-2018) in controlled, natural, and coastal basins over
three broad groups, and shows significant improvement for the first two
basin types. A seasonal analysis shows the most influential predictors
are the previous 3-day average streamflow and the aridity index for
controlled and natural basins, respectively. To evaluate the STHM in
improving streamflow in ungauged basins, 20-fold cross-validation is
performed by leaving 5% of sites. Results show that the STHM increases
predictive skill in over 50% of sites by 0.1 Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency
(NSE) and improves over 65% of sites’ streamflow prediction to an
NSE>0.67, which demonstrates that the STHM is one of the
first of its kind and could be employed for flood prediction in both
gauged and ungauged basins.
Environment-modulated glacial seismicity near Dalk Glacier in East Antarctica revealed by deep clustering
Authors: Hu Yanlan , Li Zefeng , Fu Lei , Liu Xuying
Published: February 2023

East Antarctica constitutes two-thirds of the Antarctic continent, where
glacier systems have been thought to be more stable than those in West
Antarctica. However, the stability could be increasingly undermined by
global warming, intensifying local and regional glacial activities.
Here, using deep unsupervised learning, we analyze seismic signals
recorded by a dense nodal array near Dalk glacier in the Larsemann
Hills, East Antarctica, in austral summer (6 Dec 2019 – 2 Jan 2020). We
apply an autoencoder to automatically extract event features and input
them to a Gaussian mixture model for clustering. During the operation
period, three main types of seismic signals are identified:
high-frequency monochromatic events, broadband short-duration icequakes,
and low-frequency long-duration events. By comparing these events to
environmental observations (local wind speed, temperature, tide level,
and satellite imagery), we infer that the first type was wind-induced
vibration, the second type thermal contraction/basal slip, and the third
type water-filled crevassing/iceberg calving. The latter two glacial
activities appear to be modulated by temperature and tide, respectively,
implying the susceptibility of Dalk glacier to environment conditions in
East Antarctica. Our results demonstrate that deep clustering is an
effective means to identify diverse glacial seismicity and contributes
to the rapid growth of passive glacier seismic monitoring.
Ensemble-Based Data Assimilation of Significant Wave Height from Sofar Spotters and Satellite Altimeters with a Global Operational Wave Model
Authors: Houghton Isabel , Penny Stephen G , Hegermiller Christie , Ce-Saretti Moriah , Teicheira Camille , Smit Pieter B , Cesaretti Moriah
Published: February 2023

An ensemble-based method for wave data assimilation is implemented using
significant wave height observations from the globally distributed
network of Sofar Spotter buoys and satellite altimeters. The Local
Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (LETKF) method generates skillful
analysis fields resulting in reduced forecast errors out to 2.5 days
when used as initial conditions in a cycled wave data assimilation
system. The LETKF method provides more physically realistic model state
updates that better reflect the underlying sea state dynamics and
uncertainty compared to methods such as optimal interpolation. Skill
assessment far from any included observations and inspection of specific
storm events highlight the advantages of LETKF over an optimal
interpolation method for data assimilation. This advancement has
immediate value in improving predictions of the sea state and, more
broadly, enabling future coupled data assimilation and utilization of
global surface observations across domains (atmosphere-wave-ocean).
Effect of Asymmetric Topography on Rupture Propagation along Fault Stepovers
Authors: Douilly Roby
Published: February 2023

Complex fault systems are often located in regions with asymmetric
topography on one side of a fault, and these systems are very common in
Southern California. Along these fault systems, geometrical complexities
such as stepovers can impact fault rupture. Previous rupture dynamic
studies have investigated the effect of stepover widths on throughgoing
rupture, but these studies didn’t examine the influence of topography on
the rupture behavior. To investigate the effect of asymmetric topography
on rupture dynamics at stepovers, I consider three cases: 1) a flat
topography, 2) a positive (mountain) and 3) a negative (basin)
topography on only one side of the fault system outside of the stepover.
In each case, I use the 3D finite element method to compute the rupture
dynamics of these fault systems. The results show a significant time
dependent variation of the normal stress for the topography cases as
opposed to the flat surface case, which can have an important impact on
rupture propagation at the stepover. For a positive topography on the
right of the rupture propagation, there is a clamping effect behind the
rupture front that prevents the rupture to jump a wider extensional
stepover. The opposite is observed for a negative topography or for a
positive topography on the left side of the rupture propagation, where
the rupture can jump over a wider compressional stepover. These results
suggest that topography should be considered in dynamic studies with
geometric complexities such as stepovers, and perhaps bends and branched
fault systems.
Ocean mixing in a shelf sea driven by energetic internal waves
Authors: Whitwell Chris Alexander , Jones Nicole L , Ivey Gregory N. , Rosevear Madelaine Gamble
Published: February 2023

We collected observations of ocean mixing from three moorings placed at
the 330m, 200m, and 150m isobaths on a pelagic ridge on the Australian
North West Shelf (NWS). The region is subject to energetic surface and
internal tides, non-linear internal waves, flow-topography interactions,
and episodic intense wind events (i.e., tropical cyclones) that
collectively drive energetic diapycnal mixing. We identified five
dominant internal wave categories: both low (time scales from double the
buoyancy period to 4 hours) and high-frequency (time scales between
buoyancy period and double the buoyancy period) mode-1 waves, mode-2
waves, internal bores, and internal hydraulic jumps. A small number of
turbulent mixing events dominated the total vertical heat flux at each
mooring, with 15% of estimates accounting for as much as 90% of the
total observed heat flux. These turbulent mixing events often occurred
during the passage of internal wave events, with the internal wave
events accounting for as much as 60% of the total heat flux in some
locations. High-frequency mode-1 waves were the most significant
contributors to the total vertical heat flux (∼ 20%). Internal bores
made significant but localized contributions to mixing, accounting for
up to ∼ 50% of the total vertical heat flux in some regions but with a
negligible influence elsewhere. The contributions of the different
internal wave categories to the total flux became more heterogeneous at
shallower sites, indicating an increasingly complicated relationship
between the forcing internal wave field and the mixing.
Scale-dependent influence of permafrost on riverbank erosion rates
Authors: Rowland Joel Carey , Schwenk Jon , Shelef Eitan , Muss Jordan , Ahrens Daniel , Stauffer Sophie , Piliouras Anastasia , Crosby Benjamin Thomas , Chadwick Austin J , Douglas Madison M , Kemeny Preston Cosslett , Lamb Michael P , Li Gen , Vulis Lawrence
Published: February 2023

Whether the presence of permafrost systematically alters the rate of
riverbank erosion is a fundamental geomorphic question with significant
importance to infrastructure, water quality, and biogeochemistry of high
latitude watersheds. For over four decades this question has remained
unanswered due to a lack of data. Using remotely sensed imagery, we
addressed this knowledge gap by quantifying riverbank erosion rates
across the Arctic and subarctic. To compare these rates to
non-permafrost rivers we assembled a global dataset of published
riverbank erosion rates. We found that erosion rates in rivers
influenced by permafrost are on average six times lower than
non-permafrost systems; erosion rate differences increase up to 40 times
for the largest rivers. To test alternative hypotheses for the observed
erosion rate difference, we examined differences in total water yield
and erosional efficiency between these rivers and non-permafrost rivers.
Neither of these factors nor differences in river sediment loads
provided compelling alternative explanations, leading us to conclude
that permafrost limits riverbank erosion rates. This conclusion was
supported by field investigations of rates and patterns of erosion along
three rivers flowing through discontinuous permafrost in Alaska. Our
results show that permafrost limits maximum bank erosion rates on rivers
with stream powers greater than 900 W/m-1. On smaller rivers, however,
hydrology rather thaw rate may be dominant control on bank erosion. Our
findings suggest that Arctic warming and hydrological changes should
increase bank erosion rates on large rivers but may reduce rates on
rivers with drainage areas less than a few thousand km2.
Ubiquitous Earthquake Dynamic Triggering in Southern California
Authors: DeSalvio Nicolas D , Fan Wenyuan
Published: February 2023

Earthquakes can be dynamically triggered by the passing waves of events
from disconnected faults. The frequent occurrence of dynamic triggering
offers tangible hope in revealing earthquake nucleation processes.
However, the physical mechanisms behind earthquake dynamic triggering
have remained unclear, and contributions of competing hypotheses are
challenging to isolate with individual case studies. Therefore,
developing a systematic understanding of the spatiotemporal patterns of
dynamic triggering can provide insights into the physical mechanisms,
which may aid mitigation of earthquake hazards. Here we investigate
earthquake dynamic triggering in Southern California from 2008 to 2017
using the Quake Template Matching catalog and an approach free from
assuming an earthquake occurrence distribution. We develop a new set of
statistics to examine the significance of seismicity-rate changes as
well as moment-release changes. We show that up to 70% of global M≥6
events may have triggered earthquakes in southern California and that
the triggered seismicity often occurred several hours after the passing
seismic waves. On average, earthquakes are triggered about every 4 days
in the region, albeit at different locations. Although adjacent fault
segments can be triggered by the same earthquakes, the majority of
triggered earthquakes seem to be uncorrelated, suggesting that the
process is primarily governed by local conditions. Further, the
occurrence of dynamic triggering does not seem to correlate with ground
motion (e.g., peak ground velocity) at the triggered sites. These
observations indicate that nonlinear processes may have primarily
regulated the dynamic triggering cases.
C32B-03: A Perennial Snowfield Melt Model as a Synthesis of Climate, Field, and Remotely Sensed Data from the Brooks Range, Alaska (AGU 2022, Oral Session C32B)
Authors: Tedesche Molly E , Fassnacht Steven R , Trochim Erin D , Wolken Gabriel J
Published: February 2023

Perennial snowfields, such as those found in the Brooks Range in Alaska,
are critical to alpine and arctic ecosystems, as they influence
downslope hydrology, vegetation, geology, and serve as habitat for an
array of wildlife, including caribou. Caribou are a crucial food and
cultural resource for Alaska Native subsistence hunters. To understand
extent changes and persistence of perennial snowfields, we developed a
spatially distributed perennial snowfield melt model using the
temperature melt index method, paired with multivariate binary logistic
regression. Input data for calibration and evaluation of the model are a
synthesis of climate reanalysis data and satellite imagery from both
multi-spectral (optical) data and synthetic aperture radar (SAR).
Temporal and spatial scale variations among input datasets, as well as
variations in distribution and extents of the snowfields themselves,
were accounted for using several methods. Snowfield metrics derived from
remote sensing data were evaluated by comparison with field collected
data.

Probabilities of perennial snowfield melt at several thresholds were
modeled using terrain-adjusted gridded temperature and net solar
radiation data with a digital elevation model (DEM). Conditions of
snowfield disappearance or persistence, from one melt season to the
next, were derived from Sentinel-2 optical imagery. Pixel wise
melt-onset and freeze-up dates were determined using a Sentinel-1 SAR
backscatter intensity differencing approach. The model was calibrated in
a focused study domain within the Brooks Range and evaluated in an
alternate location around the Alaska Native village of Anaktuvuk Pass.
Results of the perennial snowfield melt model indicate best performance
at probability thresholds from 50% to 70%.  Local community members
from the village of Anaktuvuk Pass were involved in field work decision
making processes, as well as with data collection. The application of
this model will be for quantifying one of many potential contributing
factors to changes in arctic caribou herds that have been observed for
some time by Alaska Native subsistence hunters.
Irregularities observed at the edge of a mid-latitude ionospheric trough following a geomagnetic storm
Authors: Helmboldt Joseph F
Published: February 2023

This manuscript presents the analysis of data from multiple ground- and
space-based sensors in the North American region before, during, and
after the 12 Oct. 2021 geomagnetic storm. The data show the formation
and equatorward propagation of a density trough, which manifested within
bottom-side and top-side electron density data as well as within maps of
total electron content (TEC). During the recovery phase on the 13th, the
equatorward edge of the trough settled at around 30° latitude and
exhibited a steep density gradient. By the 14th, this sharp boundary had
disappeared. Near this edge on the 13th, small-scale irregularities
formed. The impact of these was observed within Global Positioning
System (GPS) data as elevated rate of TEC index (ROTI) and presented as
strong 35 MHz scintillations of cosmic radio sources as well as spread-F
within ionograms from multiple digisonde systems. GPS and 35-MHz data
demonstrated that the irregularity region was narrowly confined (≤5°
wide) near the trough edge. The 35-MHz scintillation data also showed
that the irregularities were moving relatively slowly at
~7 m s-1, likely toward the southeast. Density and
velocity measurements demonstrate that the conditions near the trough
boundary we highly favorable for the gradient drift instability (GDI)
with the one-dimensional growth rate estimated to be
~0.01 s-1. Since these conditions persisted for many
hours, this growth rate was more than sufficient for the GDI to be
considered the primary driver of irregularity formation in this case.
High-resolution Precipitation Monitoring with a Dense Seismic Nodal Array
Authors: HUA Junlin , Wu Mengxi , Mulholland Jake P , Neelin J. David , Tsai Victor Chen , Trugman Daniel T.
Published: February 2023

Accurate precipitation monitoring is crucial for understanding climate
change and rainfall-driven hazards at a local scale. However, the
current suite of monitoring approaches have different insufficiencies,
including low spatial and temporal resolutions, and the inability to
monitor potentially destructive precipitation events such as hailstorms.
In this study, we develop an array-based solution to monitor rainfall
with seismic nodal stations, offering both high spatial and high
temporal resolutions. We analyze seismic records from densely spaced,
high-frequency seismometers in Oklahoma, and identify signals from all 9
precipitation events that occurred during the one-month station
deployment in 2016. After removing anthropogenic noise and Earth
structure response, the obtained precipitation spatial pattern mimics
the one from an operational weather radar, while offering higher spatial
and temporal resolutions. We further show the potential of this approach
to monitor hail with joint analysis of seismic intensity and independent
precipitation rate measurements, and advocate for coordinated
seismological-meteorological field campaign design.
Large-scale Climate and Atmospheric Drivers of Local Headland Bypassing
Authors: Silva Ana Paula Da , Silva Guilherme Vieira da , Silva Paula Gomes da , Strauss Darrell , Tomlinson Rodger
Published: February 2023

Headland Bypassing is mainly a wave-driven coastal process that
interconnects sediment compartments and allows the continuity of the
longshore sediment transport. Waves, in turn, are subject to atmospheric
patterns and climate drivers. Hence, this study focuses on identifying
the atmospheric systems and associated wave conditions that have
triggered bypassing events in Fingal Head (New South Wales, Australia)
over the last 33 years. For this, clustering techniques were used to
identify 225 weather types that represent the daily atmospheric
variability over the Coral-Tasman Seas. Four recent storm events that
triggered headland bypassing were numerically simulated including waves,
currents, sediment transport, and morphological evolution in order to
identify the relevant weather types for the development of the sand
pulse. Results revealed that strong low-pressure systems (e.g., Tropical
Cyclones and East Coast Lows) occurring off the Eastern Australian coast
around 30°S are the dominant patterns triggering bypassing events in the
study area. The headland bypassing mechanism was observed to vary
between large sandbar systems and sediment leaking around the headland
according to slight changes in the sea states generated by these storm
events. Overall, atmospheric patterns showed control over when and how
the bypassing pulse occurs, whereas sediment availability is the main
factor influencing long-term cycles of bypassing that are subject to the
variability of El Niño – Southern Oscillation and Pacific Decadal
Oscillation. Altogether, this study emphasized the intricacy between the
multiple factors controlling headland bypassing events, which has direct
implications on the potential for predicting the occurrence of this
local coastal process.
The Multi-Scale Interactions of Atmospheric Phenomenon in Extreme and Mean Precipitation
Authors: Prein Andreas Franz , Mooney Priscilla A. , Done James
Published: February 2023

Globally, extreme precipitation events cause enormous impacts. Climate
change increases the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation,
which in combination with rising population enhances exposure to major
floods. An improved understanding of the atmospheric processes that
cause extreme precipitation events would help to advance predictions and
projections of such events. To date, such analyses have typically been
performed rather unsystematically and over limited areas (e.g., the
U.S.) which has resulted in contradictory findings. Here we present the
Multi Object Analysis of Atmospheric Phenomenon (MOAAP) algorithm that
uses a set of nine common atmospheric variables to identify and track
tropical and extra-tropical cyclones, anticyclones, atmospheric rivers
(ARs), mesoscale convective systems (MCSs), and frontal zones. We apply
the algorithm to global historical data between 2000 to 2020. We find
that MCSs produce the vast majority of extreme precipitation in the
tropics and some mid-latitude land regions, while extreme precipitation
in mid- and high-latitude ocean and coastal regions are dominated by
cyclones and ARs. Importantly, most extreme precipitation events are
associated with interacting features across scales that intensify
precipitation. These interactions, however, can be a function of the
rarity (e.g., return period) of extreme events. The presented
methodology and results could have wide-ranging applications including
training of machine learning methods, lagrangian-based evaluation of
climate models, and process-based understanding of extreme precipitation
in a changing climate.
Assessing Outcomes in Stratospheric Aerosol Injection Scenarios Shortly After Deployment
Authors: Hueholt Daniel M. , Barnes Elizabeth A. , Hurrell James Wilson , Richter Jadwiga H. , Sun Lantao
Published: February 2023

Current global actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are very
likely to be insufficient to meet the climate targets outlined under the
Paris Agreement. This motivates research on possible methods for
intervening in the Earth system to minimize climate risk while
decarbonization efforts continue. One such hypothetical climate
intervention is stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI), where reflective
particles would be released into the stratosphere to cool the planet by
reducing solar insolation. The climate response to SAI is not well
understood, particularly on short-term time horizons frequently used by
decision makers and planning practitioners to assess climate
information. This knowledge gap limits informed discussion of SAI
outside the scientific community. We demonstrate two framings to explore
the climate response in the decade after SAI deployment in modeling
experiments with parallel SAI and no-SAI simulations. The first framing,
which we call a snapshot around deployment, displays change over time
within the SAI scenarios and applies to the question “What happens
before and after SAI is deployed in the model?” The second framing, the
intervention impact, displays the difference between the SAI and no-SAI
simulations, corresponding to the question “What is the impact of a
given intervention relative to climate change with no intervention?” We
apply these framings to annual mean 2-meter temperature, precipitation,
and a precipitation extreme in the first two experiments to use large
ensembles of Earth system models that comprehensively represent both the
SAI injection process and climate response, and connect these results to
implications for other climate variables.
Experimentally derived luminous efficiencies for aluminum and iron at meteoric speeds
Authors: Tarnecki Liane Kathryn , Marshall Robert Andrew , Fontanese John Dominic , Sternovsky Zoltan , Munsat Tobin
Published: February 2023

Calculating meteoroid masses from photometric observations relies on
prior knowledge of the luminous efficiency, a parameter that is not well
characterized; reported values vary by several orders of magnitude. We
present results from an experimental campaign to determine the luminous
efficiency as a function of mass, velocity, and composition. Using a
linear electrostatic dust accelerator, iron and aluminum microparticles
were accelerated to 10+ km/s and ablated, and the light production
measured. The luminous efficiency of each event was calculated and
functional forms fit for each species. For both materials, the luminous
efficiency is lowest at low velocities, rises sharply, then falls as
velocity increases. However, the exact shape and magnitude of the curve
is not consistent between the materials. The difference between the
luminous efficiencies for iron and aluminum, particularly at high
velocities, indicates that it is not sufficient to use the same luminous
efficiency for all compositions and velocities.
Lithospheric structure and melting processes in southeast Australia: new constraints from joint probabilistic inversions of 3D magnetotelluric and seismic data
Authors: Manassero María Constanza , Özaydin Sinan , Afonso Juan Carlos , Shea Joshua , Kirkby Alison , Ezad Isra , Thiel Stephan , Fomin Ilya , Czarnota Karol
Published: February 2023

The thermochemical structure of the lithosphere exerts control on
melting mechanisms in the mantle as well as the location of volcanism
and ore deposits. Imaging the complex interactions between the
lithosphere and asthenospheric mantle requires the joint inversion of
multiple data sets and their uncertainties. In particular, the
combination of seismic velocity and electrical conductivity with data
proxies for bulk composition and elusive minor phases is a crucial step
towards fully understanding large-scale lithospheric structure and
melting. We apply a novel probabilistic approach for joint inversions of
3D magnetotelluric and seismic data to image the lithosphere beneath
southeast Australia. Results show a highly heterogeneous lithospheric
structure with deep conductivity anomalies that correlate with the
location of Cenozoic volcanism. In regions where the conductivities have
been at odds with sub-lithospheric temperatures and seismic velocities,
we observe that the joint inversion provides conductivity values
consistent with other observations. The results reveal a strong
relationship between metasomatized regions in the mantle and i) the
limits of geological provinces in the crust, which elucidates the
subduction-accretion process in the region; ii) distribution of
leucitite and basaltic magmatism; iii) independent geochemical data, and
iv) a series of lithospheric steps which constitute areas prone to
generating small-scale instabilities in the asthenosphere. This scenario
suggests that shear-driven upwelling and edge-driven convection are the
dominant melting mechanisms in eastern Australia rather than mantle
plume activity, as conventionally conceived. Our study offers an
integrated lithospheric model for southeastern Australia and provides
insights into the feedback mechanism driving surface processes.