bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exogenous Hydrogen Peroxide Induces Lipid Raft-Mediated STAT-6 Activation in T Cells
Authors: Kim Hee Ja , Lim Jiwoo , Jang Young-Soon , Shin Eui-Cheol , Kim Hyung-Ran , Seoh Ju-Young , Lee Ji Soo , Lee Soon Nam , Kang Jihee Lee , Choi Youn-Hee
Published: August 2017

Background/Aims: CD4+ T cells are a critical component of the adaptive immune response. While the mechanisms controlling the differentiation of the Th1, Th17, and regulatory T cell subsets from naïve CD4+ T cells are well described, the factors that induce Th2 differentiation are still largely unknown. Methods: The effects of treatment with exogenous H2O2 on STAT-6 phosphorylation and activation in T cells were examined by immunoblotting, immunofluorescence and gel shift assay. Anti-CD3 antibody and methyl-β-cyclodextrin were utilized to induce lipid raft assembly and to investigate the involvement of lipid rafts, respectively. Results: Jurkat and EL-4 T cells that were exposed to H2O2 showed rapid and strong STAT-6 phosphorylation, and the extent of STAT-6 phosphorylation was enhanced by co-treatment with anti-CD3 antibody. The effect of H2O2 on STAT-6 phosphorylation and translocation was inhibited by disruption of lipid rafts. STAT-6 activation in response to H2O2 treatment regulated IL-4 gene expression, and this response was strengthened by treatment with anti-CD3. Conclusion: Our results indicate that reactive oxygen species such as H2O2 can act on upstream and initiating factors for activation of STAT-6 in T cells and contribute to formation of a positive feedback loop between STAT-6 and IL-4 in the Th2 differentiation process.
Extracellular HSP70 Activates ERK1/2, NF-kB and Pro-Inflammatory Gene Transcription Through Binding with RAGE in A549 Human Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Somensi Nauana , Brum Pedro Ozorio , de Miranda Ramos Vitor , Gasparotto Juciano , Zanotto-Filho Alfeu , Rostirolla Diana Carolina , da Silva Morrone Maurilio , Moreira José Claudio Fonseca , Pens Gelain Daniel
Published: August 2017

Background/Aims: Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) has been recently described with extracellular actions, where it is actively released in inflammatory conditions. Acting as DAMPs (damage associated molecular pattern), extracellular HSP70 (eHSP70) interacts with membrane receptors and activates inflammatory pathways. At this context, the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) emerges as a possible candidate for interaction with eHSP70. RAGE is a pattern-recognition receptor and its expression is increased in several diseases related to a chronic pro-inflammatory state. One of the main consequences of RAGE ligand-binding is the ERK1/2 (extracellular signal–regulated kinases)-dependent activation of NF-kB (nuclear factor kappa B), which leads to expression of TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor alpha) and other cytokines. The purpose of this work is to elucidate if eHSP70 is able to evoke RAGE-dependent signaling using A549 human lung cancer cells, which constitutively express RAGE. Methods: Immunoprecipitation and protein proximity assay were utilized to demonstrate the linkage between RAGE and eHSP70. To investigate RAGE relevance on cell response to eHSP70, siRNA was used to knockdown the receptor expression. Signaling pathways activation were evaluated by western blotting, gene reporter luciferase and real time quantitative PCR. Results: Protein eHSP70 shown to be interacting physically with the receptor RAGE in our cell model. Treatment with eHSP70 caused ERK1/2 activation and NF-κB transactivation impaired by RAGE knockdown. Moreover, the stimulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines expression by eHSP70 was inhibited in RAGE-silenced cells. Finally, conditioned medium of eHSP70-treated A549 cells caused differential effects in monocytes cytokine expression when A549 RAGE expression is inhibited. Conclusions: Our results evidence eHSP70 as a novel RAGE agonist capable of influence the cross-talk between cancer and immune system cells.
Another alien on the horizon? First European record of Tautoneura polymitusa, an East Asian leafhopper (Hemiptera: Auchenorryncha: Cicadellidae)
Authors: TÓTH MÁRIA , OROSZ ANDRÁS , RÉDEI DÁVID
Published: August 2017

The leafhopper species Tautoneura polymitusa Oh & Jung, 2016 (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae: Erythroneurini), described recently from Korea, is recorded from Hungary, representing the first known European occurrence of the species and also of the genus Tautoneura Anufriev, 1969. The species is illustrated, its diagnostic characters are discussed and compared with those of the closely related congeners. The occurrence of T. polymitusa in three isolated localities in Hungary and regular records in Budapest over a period of five years since 2012 indicate that stable populations exist in Hungary, the species is probably already established and it is locally abundant. It is apparently associated with elm trees (Ulmus spp.) and other members of the plant family Ulmaceae. Its further spread in Europe is expected.
Description of five new species and re-description of two species of Amblyseius (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from West Bengal, India
Authors: KARMAKAR KRISHNA , BHOWMIK SAGARIKA , SHERPA CHOYANG
Published: August 2017

In this paper five new mite species are described from West Bengal, India—Amblyseius dahliae sp. nov., A. bengalensis sp. nov., A. brachycalyx sp. nov., A. conulus sp. nov., A. parbatabasii sp. nov., and two species are re-described—Amblyseius largoensis (Muma, 1955) and A. herbicolus (Chant, 1959) (Acari: Phytoseiidae).
Dactylogyrids (Monogenea) parasitic on marine fish from Peru including the description of a new species of Haliotrema Johnston & Tiegs, 1922 and two new species of Parancylodiscoides Caballero & C. & Bravo-Hollis, 1961
Authors: CRUCES CELSO L. , CHERO JHON D. , SÁEZ GLORIA , LUQUE JOSÉ L.
Published: August 2017

A parasitological survey searching dactylogyrids (Monogenea) infesting the gills of Peruvian marine fish was carried out during the 2015–2016 period. The gills of three teleosts species, 12 Hemanthias peruanus (Steindachner), 16 Hemanthias signifer (Garman) (Serranidae) and 4 Scarus perrico Jordan & Gilbert (Scaridae), were sampled. A new species of Haliotrema and two new species of Parancylodiscoides were described: Haliotrema sanchezae n. sp. from S. perrico, Parancylodiscoides peruensis n. sp. from H. peruanus and P. signiferi n. sp. from H. signifer. Haliotrema sanchezae n. sp. differs from other congeneric species by its male copulatory organ (tapered-shaped cirrus tube, with cylinder-shaped base and a membranous, blanket-shaped accessory piece), and the morphology of its transverse bars (X-shaped ventral bar and mask-shaped dorsal bar). Parancylodiscoides peruensis n. sp. differs from all other members of Parancylodiscoides by having a tapered-shaped copulatory organ with curved distal tip and a bell-shaped base having two lateral knobs and short arm. Parancylodiscoides signiferi n. sp. can be differentiated from its congeners by its male copulatory organ, which has tubular-shaped with a loop at distal end and a slightly expanded base having a short and broad arm. Present findings are added to the other 3 marine dactylogyrid previously reported from Peru.
New species and a new record of Capniidae (Plecoptera) from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of northwestern China
Authors: CHEN ZHI-TENG , DU YU-ZHOU
Published: August 2017

Two new winter stoneflies (Capniidae), Capnia trispinosa Chen & Du sp. nov. and Isocapnia apicispina Chen & Du sp. nov. are described from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of northwestern China. Capnia trispinosa sp. nov. is characterized by the main epiproct sclerite with three large dorsal spines. Isocapnia apicispina sp. nov .is characterized by its dorsal apex of main epiproct sclerite truncated with denticulate lateral margins and by having a ventroapical spine on epiproct. The new species are compared with similar taxa. Additionally, the widespread Palearctic C. nigra (Pictet, 1833) is reported for the first time for China from the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.
Terrestrial isopods of the genus Porcellio Latreille, 1804 (Isopoda; Oniscidea) in Iran, with a description of a new species
Authors: KASHANI GHASEM M. , AHDIYEH ABEDINI , ZAHRA HATAMI
Published: August 2017

Terrestrial isopods of the genus Porcellio Latreille, 1804 were investigated in Iran. Porcellio obsoletus Budde-Lund, 1885 was found only in northern Iran while P. evansi Omer-Cooper, 1923 is broadly distributed in the country. Porcellio rubidus Budde-Lund, 1885 was deemed as a senior synonym of P. evansi. Porcellio mehrdadi sp. nov. was described and its diagnostic characters were figured. The new species is characterized by the male pereopod VII ischium with a setose field on sternal margin and a setose area on rostral surface.
Additions and corrections to the type list of Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera) of the Costa Lima Collection, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation
Authors: RODRIGUES JULIANA MOURÃO DOS SANTOS , CORDEIRO ISABELLE DA ROCHA SILVA , MOREIRA FELIPE FERRAZ FIGUEIREDO
Published: August 2017

The Costa Lima collection, housed at the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, has more than 6000 specimens and 5000 microscope slides. The type specimens of Heteroptera contained in this collection have been target of a few studies between 1944 and 2014, but thorough curatorial work has revealed inconsistencies in the lists that were published previously. We present herein additions and corrections to the lists of heteropteran types of the Costa Lima Collection, a summary table with the information gathered from the collection and the literature, and habitus images for 92 type specimens in six families.
The larva of Schizopelex huettingeri Malicky 1974 (Trichoptera: Sericostomatidae), including a preliminary key to the Sericostomatidae larvae of the Hellenic western Balkan region
Authors: KARAOUZAS IOANNIS , WARINGER JOHANN
Published: August 2017

This paper presents a description of the hitherto unknown larva of Schizopelex huettingeri Malicky 1974 (Trichoptera: Sericostomatidae). We provide information on the morphology of the larva and figure the most important diagnostic features. Schizopelex huettingeri can be easily separated from Oecismus monedula (Hagen 1859), Sericostoma flavicorne Schneider 1845, and Sericostoma personatum (Kirby & Spence 1826) by the shape of the pronotum, the lack of a comma-like marking on the lateral protuberance, and by the number of setae on abdominal dorsum IX. With respect to distribution, S. huettingeri is an endemic of European Ecoregion 6 (= Hellenic western Balkan region), inhabiting the mountains of Central Greece. Ecological characteristics of the species are briefly discussed, and a preliminary key to the hitherto known Sericostomatidae larvae of European Ecoregion 6 is included.
Using EOF Analysis over a Large Area for Assessing the Climate Impact of Small-Scale Afforestation in a Semiarid Region
Authors: Yosef G. , Alpert P. , Price C. , Rotenberg E. , Yakir D.
Published: August 2017

The authors suggest an approach to analyze the effects of small-scale afforestation on the surrounding climate of a large heterogenic area. While simple statistics have difficulty identifying the effect, here a well-known eigenvector technique is used to overcome several specific challenges that result from a limited research region, complex topography, and multiple atmospheric circulation patterns. This approach is applied to investigate the influence of the isolated Yatir forest, at the north edge of Israel’s Negev Desert. It was found that this forest does influence the daily climate, primarily seen in the main pattern of the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) of temperature and humidity. The EOF explains 93% and 80%, respectively, of the total variance in the data. Although the Yatir forest is small, it is significant in regulating the climate in the nearby surroundings, as it is located in a sharp transition area toward an arid climate. The results are presented as maps of correlation and regression between the normalized principal component time series of each pattern as well as other time series of the raw data and spatially interpolated data stations. Analysis of short-term campaign measurements around the Yatir forest supports the EOF results, and shows the forest’s influence to the south, mainly during nighttime when the forest becomes cooler than its surroundings. Overall, results suggest that in areas of transition to semiarid climates, forests regulate the surrounding surface air temperature and humidity fields. Wind analysis based on a complex EOF technique reveals the pattern of the daily cycle of surface wind over the region.
A Climatology of Weakly Forced and Pulse Thunderstorms in the Southeast United States
Authors: Miller Paul W. , Mote Thomas L.
Published: August 2017

Weakly forced thunderstorms (WFTs), convection forming in the absence of a synoptic forcing mechanism and its associated shear regime, are the dominant convective mode during the warm season in the southeast United States. This study uses 15 yr (2001–15) of warm-season (May–September) composite reflectivity images from 30 WSR-88D sites in the southeastern United States to detect WFTs and pulse thunderstorms, defined as WFTs associated with a severe weather event. Thunderstorms were identified as regions of contiguous reflectivities greater than or equal to 40 dBZ using connected neighborhoods labeling. Ward’s clustering was then performed upon the duration, size, strength, initiation time, and solidity of the approximately 1 900 000 thunderstorms. Of the 10 clusters of morphologically similar storms, five groups, containing 885 496 thunderstorms, were designated as WFTs. In line with previous work, WFT development mirrors landscape features, such as the Appalachian Mountains and Mississippi Delta. However, the large sample size also reveals more subtle nuances to the spatial distribution, such as decreases over river valleys and increases along the Atlantic fall line. The most active pulse thunderstorm region, the Blue Ridge Mountains, was displaced from the overall WFT maximum: the Florida Peninsula and Gulf Coast. Most pulse thunderstorms were associated with larger moisture values, particularly in the midlevels, which supported larger and longer-lasting WFT complexes. Synoptically, two distinct modes of variability yielded WFT-favorable environments: the intrusion of the Bermuda high from the east and the expansion of high pressure over the southern Great Plains from the west.
Atmospheric Eddies Mediate Lapse Rate Feedback and Arctic Amplification
Authors: Feldl Nicole , Anderson Bruce T. , Bordoni Simona
Published: August 2017

Projections of amplified climate change in the Arctic are attributed to positive feedbacks associated with the retreat of sea ice and changes in the lapse rate of the polar atmosphere. Here, a set of idealized aquaplanet experiments are performed to understand the coupling between high-latitude feedbacks, polar amplification, and the large-scale atmospheric circulation. Results are compared to CMIP5. Simulated climate responses are characterized by a wide range of polar amplification (from none to nearly 15-K warming, relative to the low latitudes) under CO2quadrupling. Notably, the high-latitude lapse rate feedback varies in sign among the experiments. The aquaplanet simulation with the greatest polar amplification, representing a transition from perennial to ice-free conditions, exhibits a marked decrease in dry static energy flux by transient eddies. Partly compensating for the reduced poleward energy flux is a contraction of the Ferrel cell and an increase in latent energy flux. Enhanced eddy energy flux is consistent with the upper-tropospheric warming that occurs in all experiments and provides a remote influence on the polar lapse rate feedback. The main conclusions are that (i) given a large, localized change in meridional surface temperature gradient, the midlatitude circulation exhibits strong compensation between changes in dry and latent energy fluxes, and (ii) atmospheric eddies mediate the nonlinear interaction between surface albedo and lapse rate feedbacks, rendering the high-latitude lapse rate feedback less positive than it would be otherwise. Consequently, the variability of the circulation response, and particularly the partitioning of energy fluxes, offers insights into understanding the magnitude of polar amplification.
Double and Single ITCZs with and without Clouds
Authors: Popp Max , Silvers Levi G.
Published: August 2017

A major bias in tropical precipitation over the Pacific in climate simulations stems from the models’ tendency to produce two strong distinct intertropical convergence zones (ITCZs) too often. Several mechanisms have been proposed that may contribute to the emergence of two ITCZs, but current theories cannot fully explain the bias. This problem is tackled by investigating how the interaction between atmospheric cloud-radiative effects (ACREs) and the large-scale circulation influences the ITCZ position in an atmospheric general circulation model. Simulations are performed in an idealized aquaplanet setup and the longwave and shortwave ACREs are turned off individually or jointly. The low-level moist static energy (MSE) is shown to be a good predictor of the ITCZ position. Therefore, a mechanism is proposed that explains the changes in MSE and thus ITCZ position due to ACREs consistently across simulations. The mechanism implies that the ITCZ moves equatorward if the Hadley circulation strengthens because of the increased upgradient advection of low-level MSE off the equator. The longwave ACRE increases the meridional heating gradient in the tropics and as a response the Hadley circulation strengthens and the ITCZ moves equatorward. The shortwave ACRE has the opposite effect. The total ACRE pulls the ITCZ equatorward. This mechanism is discussed in other frameworks involving convective available potential energy, gross moist stability, and the energy flux equator. It is thus shown that the response of the large-scale circulation to the shortwave and longwave ACREs is a fundamental driver of changes in the ITCZ position.
Shipboard Wave Measurements in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Lund Björn , Zappa Christopher J. , Graber Hans C. , Cifuentes-Lorenzen Alejandro
Published: August 2017

Surface wave measurements from ships pose difficulties because of motion contamination. Cifuentes-Lorenzen et al. analyzed laser altimeter and marine X-band radar (MR) wave measurements from the Southern Ocean Gas Exchange Experiment (SOGasEx). They found that wave measurements from both sensors deteriorate precipitously at ship speeds 3 m s−1. This study demonstrates that MR can yield accurate wave frequency–direction spectra independent of ship motion. It is based on the same shipborne SOGasEx wave data but uses the MR wave retrieval method proposed by Lund et al. and a novel empirical transfer function (ETF). The ETF eliminates biases in the MR wave spectra by redistributing energy from low to high frequencies. The resulting MR wave frequency–direction spectra are shown to agree well with laser altimeter wave frequency spectra from times when the ship was near stationary and with WAVEWATCH III (WW3) model wave parameters over the full study period.
Dose-Response Effects of Exercise Duration and Recovery on Cognitive Functioning
Authors: Crush Elizabeth A. , Loprinzi Paul D.
Published: August 2017

We examined the effects of different acute exercise durations and recovery periods on cognitive function in a counterbalanced, cross-over randomized controlled experiment. We placed 352 participants, aged 18 to 35 years into one of 16 experimental groups. Each participant visited the laboratory twice, separated by a 1-week washout period. Either Visit 1 or 2 consisted of an acute bout of moderate-intensity treadmill exercise (10, 20, 30, 45, or 60 minutes) followed by a period of rest (5, 15, or 30 minutes) before taking a set of five cognitive tests; the other visit consisted only of completing the cognitive tests (no exercise). Cognitive tests sampled multiple cognitive parameters, including reasoning, concentration, memory, attention, and planning. We found that a short recovery period (i.e., 5 minutes) may have a less favorable effect on planning ability but may be beneficial for memory. In addition, for various exercise durations and recovery periods, a Group × Time × Resting (nonexercise) A cognitive interaction effect was observed such that for both memory and inhibitory cognitive ability, acute exercise (vs. no exercise) had an enhancement effect for those with lower resting cognitive functioning. The length of the acute exercise recovery period and resting cognitive ability most influenced the association between exercise and cognitive function.
Increasing Readmission Rates for Hemorrhage after Tonsil Surgery: A Longitudinal (26 Years) National Study
Authors: Østvoll Eirik , Sunnergren Ola , Stalfors Joacim
Published: August 2017

Objective

To investigate the readmission rates due to postoperative hemorrhage in relation to tonsil surgery clinical practice in a national population.

Study Design

Retrospective longitudinal population‐based cohort study.

Setting

Based on register data from the Swedish National Patient Register (NPR).

Subjects and Methods

All benign tonsil operations (256 053) performed in Sweden from 1987 to 2013 were identified through a search in the NPR. For all identified cases, data on gender, age, date of surgery, indication, type of surgery, level of care, length of stay (LOS) for inpatient surgery, readmission and reoperation because of postoperative bleeding (within 31 days) were collected.

Results

Overall frequency of readmission for hemorrhage was 2.61%, and the reoperation rate for hemostasis was 0.84%. The longitudinal analysis showed an increase from 1% (1987) to 5% (2013) in readmissions caused by hemorrhage. Tonsillectomies, surgery performed for infectious disease, and surgery on adult patients (age >18 years) showed readmission rates approaching 10% (2013). Male gender, increasing age, tonsillectomy, infectious indication, and recent year of surgery were identified as risk factors for readmission and reoperation due to hemorrhage. An increasing share of patients readmitted for hemorrhage underwent reoperation for hemostasis: 18% (1987) versus 43% (2013).

Conclusion

Readmissions for hemorrhage have increased by a factor of 5 in Sweden from 1987 to 2013. The design of the study and the data in NPR do not allow determination of the true reasons behind the alarming results.
Cost‐effectiveness of Gene Expression Classifier Testing of Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules Utilizing a Real Cohort Comparator
Authors: Shapiro Scott , Pharaon Majed , Kellermeyer Brian
Published: August 2017

Objective

To predict the cost‐effectiveness of implementing routine gene expression classifier testing for thyroid nodules with indeterminate fine‐needle aspiration cytology, by utilizing a real cohort of patients as a comparator.

Study Design

Cost‐effectiveness analysis of a retrospective cohort compared with a simulated cohort.

Setting

Tertiary academic medical center.

Subjects and Methods

We reviewed the records of all patients who underwent ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration from 2010 to 2014 at a tertiary academic medical center. All patients with Bethesda class III or IV cytopathology had the details of their management catalogued over the subsequent 2 years of care. These patients were assigned to the standard‐of‐care arm of the study. We compared the third‐party payer costs of care and the proportion of patients who underwent surgery with a simulated cohort who underwent gene expression classifier testing after an initial indeterminate fine‐needle aspiration (molecular test arm).

Results

The cost of managing 1 nodule over 2 years was $2399 higher (range, $397‐$4399) for the molecular test group than the standard of care group. The molecular test group had a 13.1% decrease (base parameters; range, 0.73%‐45.09%) in the number of patients undergoing surgery.

Conclusion

When applied to a real cohort of patients, routine gene expression classifier is predicted to reduce the number of patients undergoing surgery but will increase cost of care. Cost‐effectiveness is heavily dependent on prevalence of malignancy and gene expression classifier specificity.
Voice Outcomes of Adults Diagnosed with Pediatric Vocal Fold Nodules and Impact of Speech Therapy
Authors: Song Brian H. , Merchant Maqdooda , Schloegel Luke
Published: August 2017

Objective

To evaluate the voice outcomes of adults diagnosed with vocal fold nodules (VFNs) as children and to assess the impact of speech therapy on long‐term voice outcomes.

Study Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

Large health care system.

Subjects and Methods

Subjects diagnosed with VFNs as children between the years 1996 and 2008 were identified within a medical record database of a large health care system. Included subjects were 3 to 12 years old at the time of diagnosis, had a documented laryngeal examination within 90 days of diagnosis, and were ≥18 years as of December 31, 2014. Qualified subjects were contacted by telephone and administered the Vocal Handicap Index–10 (VHI‐10) and a 15‐item questionnaire inquiring for confounding factors.

Results

A total of 155 subjects were included, with a mean age of 21.4 years (range, 18‐29). The male:female ratio was 2.3:1. Mean VHI‐10 score for the entire cohort was 5.4. Mean VHI‐10 scores did not differ between those who received speech therapy (6.1) and those who did not (4.5; P =. 08). Both groups were similar with respect to confounding risk factors that can contribute to dysphonia, although the no‐therapy group had a disproportionately higher number of subjects who consumed >10 alcoholic drinks per week (P =. 01).

Conclusion

The majority of adults with VFNs as children will achieve a close‐to‐normal voice quality when they reach adulthood. In our cohort, speech therapy did not appear to have an impact on the long‐term voice outcomes.
Magnetoencephalographic Identification of Epileptic Focus in Children With Generalized Electroencephalographic (EEG) Features but Focal Imaging Abnormalities
Authors: Shukla Garima , Kazutaka Jin , Gupta Ajay , Mosher John , Jones Stephen , Alexopoulos Andreas , Burgess Richard C.
Published: August 2017

Purpose:

Children with generalized seizures are often excluded as epilepsy surgery candidates. This prospective study was conducted to evaluate the utility of magnetoencephalography (MEG) to refine the location of the “irritative zone” in children with single lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) but with generalized ictal electroencephalographic (EEG) findings.

Methods:

Patients admitted with refractory epilepsy with imaging studies showing focal or hemispheric abnormalities but scalp video EEG showing generalized or multiregional epileptiform abnormalities were included. Patients were encouraged into natural sleep, and simultaneous whole-head MEG/EEG was recorded. Source localization of epileptic spikes on MEG was carried out while blinded to other results. Acceptable dipoles were classified into 3 groups: focal, hemispheric clusters, and single focal cluster with additional widespread dipoles.

Results:

Nine patients (4 female, 5 males; ages 10 months to 15 years) were included. Two had focal features on clinical semiology, whereas all had generalized or multiregional interictal and ictal EEG. Etiologies included tuberous sclerosis complex (2), postencephalitic sequelae (1), focal cortical dysplasia (1), and unknown (2). Five patients had clear focal lesions on brain MRI whereas the other 2 had focal positron emission tomography (PET) abnormalities. An average of 38 spikes were accepted (average goodness of fit = 85.3%). A single tight cluster of dipoles was identified in 5 patients, 1 had dipoles with propagation from left occipital to right temporal. One patient had 2 distinct dipole clusters. MEG demonstrated focal findings 9 times more often than the simultaneously recorded scalp EEG, and 3 times more often than the associated multiday video EEG recordings.

Conclusion:

This study shows that neurophysiologic evidence of focal epileptiform abnormalities in patients with focal brain lesions and generalized EEG findings can be strengthened using MEG. Further feasibility of surgical candidacy should be evaluated in these patients.
Content Validation of a Home Parenteral Nutrition–Patient‐Reported Outcome Questionnaire
Authors: Miller Tracy‐Lee , Greene Geoffrey W. , Lofgren Ingrid , Greaney Mary L. , Winkler Marion F.
Published: August 2017

Background: Patient‐reported outcome (PRO) instruments collect information from patients about health conditions and disease management, including quality of life (QOL). Clinicians acknowledge patient concerns about QOL but need guidance to assess the nature and severity of individually experienced problems. The Home Parenteral Nutrition (HPN)–Patient‐Reported Outcome Questionnaire (PROQ) was developed for use during medical appointments or homecare visits to address this gap. The purpose of this research was to provide evidence that the HPN‐PROQ items and scale possess content validity. Methods: A mixed‐method study design was used. In phase 1, cognitive interviews (CIs) were conducted with 32 HPN patients. Thematic analysis was used to assess participant understanding of the instructions, items, and response scales and overall utility of the HPN‐PROQ. In phase 2, 13 expert clinicians evaluated the relevance of items to the HPN population using the Content Validity Index (CVI) to produce item‐level (I‐CVI) and scale‐level (S‐CVI) scores. Items with an I‐CVI score ≥0.783 were retained. Results: Fifty‐four percent of items were deemed as being comprehensible, acceptable, and clear; 25% were revised; and 11% were deleted. In phase 2, 79% of items were rated highly relevant. The S‐CVI score was 0.96. The final HPN‐PROQ contains 34 items. Conclusion: This study established acceptable content validity of the HPN‐PROQ. This PROQ may help foster patient‐clinician communication about lifestyle adaptation and QOL.
Zone Analog: The State–Market Problematic and Territorial Economies in China
Authors: Cartier Carolyn
Published: August 2017

The subject of economic zones has proliferated in scholarship on Asia and beyond as a relational approach to social and economic geographies linked to the world economy. Signifying co-locations and mobile capacities of labor and capital, ‘zone’ has circulated as a concept whose ‘exceptional’ conditions deterritorialize from national landscapes. This article contends that ‘zone’ and the territorial processes it represents have receded from critical analysis, and develops a state–market problematic to examine how analog circulation of ‘zone’ and ‘zoning technologies’ reproduces notional space of neoliberal marketization even where state capitalism defines territorial economies. The fundamental aporia emerges in the People’s Republic of China where a ‘zone’ is one and every type of subnational territory: the party-state guides economic development by changing the system of administrative territory to produce multiple types of jurisdictional units with varied state-defined rationales including the emblematic Shenzhen ‘zone’. Zone analog, drawing on models from spatial science, paradoxically reveals ‘zoning technologies’ to be not a general argument for neoliberalism as incremental marketization but rather state territorialization of the economy in general.
Supporting alternative organizations? Exploring scholars’ involvement in the performativity of worker-recuperated enterprises
Authors: Esper Susana C , Cabantous Laure , Barin-Cruz Luciano , Gond Jean-Pascal
Published: August 2017

This article analyses the role of academics in the production and maintenance of alternative organizations within the capitalist system. Empirically, we focus on academics from the University of Buenos Aires who, through the extension programme Facultad Abierta, have supported worker-recuperated enterprises since their emergence in Argentina in the early 2000s. Conceptually, we build on prior studies on worker-recuperated enterprises as well as the ‘critical performativity’ concept that we define as scholars’ subversive interventions that can involve the production of new subjectivities, the constitution of new organizational models and/or the bridging of these models to current social movements. Our results uncover the multiple roles of academics in relation to these three facets and highlight the key interactions of these roles. In so doing, our analysis advances prior studies of worker-recuperated enterprises by clarifying how academics can support alternative organizations while offering a renewed conceptualization of critical performativity as a multifaceted process through which academics and workers interact.
A phase 2 study of panobinostat with lenalidomide and weekly dexamethasone in myeloma
Authors: Chari Ajai , Cho Hearn J. , Dhadwal Amishi , Morgan Gillian , La Lisa , Zarychta Katarzyna , Catamero Donna , Florendo Erika , Stevens Nadege , Verina Daniel , Chan Elaine , Leshchenko Violetta , Laganà Alessandro , Perumal Deepak , Mei Anna Huo-Chang , Tung Kaity , Fukui Jami , Jagannath Sundar , Parekh Samir
Published: August 2017

Key Points

FRD is a well-tolerated oral triplet regimen with durable responses in myeloma. Correlative analysis identified MAGEA1 as a functional biomarker of resistance.
Long-Term, Supplemental, One-Carbon Metabolism–Related Vitamin B Use in Relation to Lung Cancer Risk in the Vitamins and Lifestyle (VITAL) Cohort
Authors: Brasky Theodore M. , White Emily , Chen Chi-Ling
Published: August 2017

Purpose

Inconsistent findings have been reported of a link between the use of one-carbon metabolism–related B vitamins and lung cancer risk. Because of the high prevalence of supplemental vitamin B use, any possible increased association warrants further investigation. We examined the association between long-term use of supplemental B vitamins on the one-carbon metabolism pathway and lung cancer risk in the Vitamins and Lifestyle (VITAL) cohort, which was designed specifically to look at supplement use relative to cancer risk.

Methods

A total of 77,118 participants of the VITAL cohort, 50 to 76 years of age, were recruited between October 2000 and December 2002 and included in this analysis. Incident, primary, invasive lung cancers (n = 808) were ascertained by prospectively linking the participants to a population-based cancer registry. The 10-year average daily dose from individual and multivitamin supplements were the exposures of primary interest.

Results

Use of supplemental vitamins B6, folate, and B12was not associated with lung cancer risk among women. In contrast, use of vitamin B6and B12from individual supplement sources, but not from multivitamins, was associated with a 30% to 40% increase in lung cancer risk among men. When the 10-year average supplement dose was evaluated, there was an almost two-fold increase in lung cancer risk among men in the highest categories of vitamin B6(> 20 mg/d; hazard ratio, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.25 to 2.65) and B12(> 55µg/d; hazard ratio, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.32 to 2.97) compared with nonusers. For vitamin B6and B12, the risk was even higher among men who were smoking at baseline. In addition, the B6and B12associations were apparent in all histologic types except adenocarcinoma, which is the type less related to smoking.

Conclusion

This sex- and source-specific association provides further evidence that vitamin B supplements are not chemopreventive for lung cancer and may be harmful.
Arl8b is required for lysosomal degradation of maternal proteins in the visceral yolk sac endoderm of mouse embryos
Authors: Oka Miho , Hashimoto Keisuke , Yamaguchi Yoshifumi , Saitoh Shin-ichiro , Sugiura Yuki , Motoi Yuji , Honda Kurara , Kikko Yorifumi , Ohata Shinya , Suematsu Makoto , Miura Masayuki , Miyake Kensuke , Katada Toshiaki , Kontani Kenji
Published: August 2017

The small GTPase Arl8b localizes primarily to lysosomes and is involved in lysosomal motility and fusion. Here, we show that Arl8b is required for lysosomal degradation of maternal proteins in the visceral yolk sac endoderm (VYSE), an apical cell layer of the visceral yolk sac, of mouse embryos. The VYSE actively takes up maternal materials from uterine fluid and degrades them in lysosomes to provide breakdown products to the embryo. Arl8b gene-trap mice (Arl8b−/−) displayed decreased early embryo body size. The Arl8b−/− VYSE exhibited defective endocytic trafficking to the lysosome and accumulation of maternal proteins such as albumin and immunoglobulin G in late endocytic organelles. Furthermore, Transthyretin-Cre;Arl8bflox/flox mice in which Arl8b was ablated specifically in the VYSE also showed decreased embryo body size, defects in trafficking to the lysosome and reduction of the free amino acid level in the embryos. Taken together, these results suggest that Arl8b mediates lysosomal degradation of maternal proteins in the VYSE, thereby contributing to mouse embryonic development.
Localisation and substrate specificities of transglycanases in charophyte algae relate to development and morphology
Authors: Herburger Klaus , Ryan Louise M. , Popper Zoë A. , Holzinger Andreas
Published: August 2017

Cell wall-modifying enzymes have been previously investigated in charophyte green algae (CGA) in cultures of uniform age, giving limited insight into their roles. Therefore, we investigated the in situ localisation and specificity of enzymes acting on hemicelluloses in CGA genera of different morphologies and developmental stages. In vivo transglycosylation between xyloglucan and an endogenous donor in filamentous Klebsormidium and Zygnema was observed in longitudinal cell walls of young (1 month) but not old cells (1 year), suggesting that it has a role in cell growth. By contrast, in parenchymatous Chara, transglycanase action occurred in all cell planes. In Klebsormidium and Zygnema, the location of enzyme action mainly occurred in regions where xyloglucans and mannans, and to a lesser extent mixed-linkage β-glucan (MLG), were present, indicating predominantly xyloglucan:xyloglucan endotransglucosylase (XET) activity. Novel transglycosylation activities between xyloglucan and xylan, and xyloglucan and galactomannan were identified in vitro in both genera. Our results show that several cell wall-modifying enzymes are present in CGA, and that differences in morphology and cell age are related to enzyme localisation and specificity. This indicates an evolutionary significance of cell wall modifications, as similar changes are known in their immediate descendants, the land plants.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Accounting Issues of New Relations of Construction Companies and Self-Regulatory Organizations in 2017
Authors: Татаров  , Tatarov Konstantin
Published: August 2017

In this article, due to amendments to the legislation introduced in the second half of 2017, new relations between construction SROs and its members are considered, as well as monetary relations that take place between these organizations, algorithms for reflecting the return of the compensation fund to a member of the SRO leaving its ranks. Th e mechanism for solving problems associated with the introduction of the principle of regional accession to the SRO is given.
Erwin Schrödinger and Quantum Wave Mechanics
Authors: O'Connor John J. , Robertson Edmund F.
Published: August 2017

The fathers of matrix quantum mechanics believed that the quantum particles are unanschaulich (unvisualizable) and that quantum particles pop into existence only when we measure them. Challenging the orthodoxy, in 1926 Erwin Schrödinger developed his wave equation that describes the quantum particles as a packet of quantum probability amplitudes evolving in space and time. Thus, Schrödinger visualized the unvisualizable and lifted the veil that has been obscuring the wonders of the quantum world.

Quanta 2017; 6: 48–52.
Network Prominence, Bargaining Power, and the Allocation of Value Capturing Rights in High-Tech Alliance Contracts
Authors: Ozmel Umit , Yavuz Deniz , Reuer Jeffrey J. , Zenger Todd
Published: August 2017

We suggest and provide empirical evidence that the bargaining power of alliance partners stemming from their prominence in alliance networks influences the ex-ante allocation of value capturing rights in high-tech alliance contracts. Network prominence can enhance the availability of alternative partners for a firm and thereby elevates the firm’s bargaining power and enables the firm to receive (i) more value capturing rights vis-à-vis its partner (i.e., more net value capturing rights) and (ii) more rights to the unexpected outcomes vis-à-vis its partner. We empirically investigate the content of research and development (R&D) collaboration contracts between biotech and pharmaceutical firms and show that as the prominence of the client (i.e., pharmaceutical firm) increases, it is able to attain (i) more net value capturing rights to outcomes within the area of collaboration and (ii) more rights to unexpected outcomes. By contrast, increased prominence of the R&D firm (i.e., biotech firm) decreases both the number of net value capturing rights the client receives as well as the rights to unexpected outcomes that the client captures in an alliance contract. The bargaining power that the R&D firm attains from its prominent position in alliance networks becomes less important during hot IPO markets, which provide the R&D firm more outside options to obtain financial resources. By documenting the importance of firms’ network positions as sources of bargaining power during alliance contracting, our paper contributes to the literature on strategic alliances, bargaining, and contract design.
Developing and implementing a virtual clinic for follow-up of major joint arthroplasty in the NHS
Authors: Batten Timothy , Murphy Nora , Keenan Jonathan
Published: August 2017

Introduction:

Virtual clinics whereby patient information is collected remotely and then reviewed by specialists in a central location have been used previously in remote areas for ophthalmology services with good acceptability noted for patients. With removal of a face-to-face consultation efficiency for services can improve allowing focus of services where it is most needed. This is critical in orthopaedic services where, in 2014–15 over 7.5million outpatient appointments were scheduled.

Methods:

We introduced a virtual clinic for all major joint follow-up in our trust with patients sent ‘patient reported outcome measures’ (PROM) and invited to attend for radiology at local centres with results reviewed centrally. We then assessed reply rates and the numbers requiring normal outpatient review to assess the benefit of the virtual clinic service.

Results:

Over a 10-week trial period, 151 patients were eligible for virtual clinic review. Sixteen (10.6%) did not reply, although 14 of these patients had attended for radiology. Of the 135 who did respond 16 (11.8%) required some form of reminder to return PROMs. Of the 151 patients 19 (13%) subsequently required conventional outpatient review either for poor results on PROM or abnormality identified on radiology. This represents an average 13 saved outpatient appoints per week with an obvious cost saving benefit to our trust.
Managing childhood ailments: Mumps
Authors: Tinsley Elizabeth
Published: August 2017

Mumps is usually a self-limiting condition that will resolve over the course of about 1 week, with no long-term consequences. Rest and adequate fluid intake is advised and paracetamol or ibuprofen provide symptomatic relief. Children younger than 1 year of age rarely get mumps, due to acquired passive immunity from placental transfer of maternal antibodies. Mumps is most common in young people who have not been immunised with the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine ( National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2013 ). This article provides some tips for parents on managing symptoms and treatments for mumps in children.
The health visitor role in containing antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Reilly Jacqui , Ness Val , MacDonald Emma
Published: August 2017

This article discusses the importance of the role of the health visitor in the containment of antimicrobial resistance, focusing on three key areas of practice. Antimicrobial resistance is a serious public health problem and all health professionals should be engaged in preserving antibiotics for future generations. The focus of this article is on the health visitor role in infection prevention and control, antibiotic stewardship and prescribing, and improving public engagement and professional development in antibiotic stewardship and infection control.
Maternal Early Childhood Sustained Home-visiting (MECSH): A UK update
Authors: Kemp Lynn , Cowley Sarah , Byrne Fiona
Published: August 2017

The Maternal Early Childhood Sustained Home-visiting (MECSH) programme is being implemented in Australia, South Korea, the USA, the UK and the Channel Islands. In the UK, the programme has been implemented at scale in Essex, Plymouth and Lewisham and in regions of Somerset as part of a trial. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the MECSH programme and outline the evidence of the programme's effectiveness, fit for the UK context, and research that is still in progress; and explore how the programme achieves changes in outcomes for families and children.
Keeping children's teeth healthy
Authors: Lowe Alison
Published: August 2017

A recent survey suggested that around 24.7' of 5-year-olds now have some degree of dental decay, increasing to 56' in more deprived parts of the country ( Public Health England, 2016 ). Health visitors are well placed to educate parents both before the birth of their children and at regular intervals thereafter. While this guide is not intended to be prescriptive, it provides a breakdown of the essential information parents need to look after their child's teeth during the early years.
Perinatal self-care could alter outcomes for children
Authors: Williams Emma
Published: August 2017

Services are being cut at a time when there has never been more understanding of the importance of early intervention on the long-term outcome of an individual's physical and mental health, says Emma Williams.
Susceptibilidad a procesos de remoción en masa en el municipio de Tlatlauquitepec, Sierra Norte de Puebla
Authors: Borja Baeza Roberto Carlos , Alcántara Ayala Irasema
Published: August 2017

Desde tiempos históricos, los procesos de remoción en masa (PRM) han ocurrido en gran parte del territorio mexicano. Lo anterior debido a la naturaleza de su relieve y litología heterogéneos, intensas lluvias y el impacto de la actividad antrópica, particularmente en las zonas montañosas, como la Sierra Norte de Puebla (SNP). En esta región, y como resultado de precipitaciones extraordinarias, en octubre de 1999 ocurrieron numerosos movimientos gravitacionales, principalmente deslizamientos y flujos que afectaron aspectos económicos, estructurales, ambientales y ocasionaron decenas de pérdidas humanas. Entre los distintos enfoques empleados para analizar este tipo de peligros, la cartografía es de gran relevancia ya que permite entender y evaluar su distribución espacial, así como la interacción de elementos del terreno que condicionan la inestabilidad de laderas. En este sentido, en México se han realizado algunos trabajos de cartografía de susceptibilidad y peligro por deslizamientos, en los cuales predomina la sobreposición, en un ambiente de sistema de información geográfica, de capas de información de los parámetros que intervienen en la inestabilidad de laderas. Sin embargo, la tendencia de este enfoque implica establecer grados de influencia similares para todos los factores, sin considerar las particularidades del escenario en el que se realiza la investigación. Con la idea de tomar en cuenta de manera específica la influencia de los cinco principales parámetros que inciden en la estabilidad regional (pendiente, morfogénesis, disección, deforestación y vías de comunicación -caminos-), así como la validación de los resultados por medio de índice de recurrencia, en este trabajo se generó un mapa de susceptibilidad a PRM del municipio de Tlatlauquitepec, ubicado en la SNP, a partir de la aplicación de un análisis multicriterio.