bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential study of the Parabramis pekinensis intestinal microbiota according to different habitats and different parts of the intestine
Authors: Gu Hailong , Feng Yaming , Zhang Ya , Yin Denghua , Yang Zhijing , Tang Wenqiao
Published: January 2021

Purpose

To identify the differences in gut bacterial community of Parabramis pekinensis under different growth conditions, and the effect of the diet in a controlled habitat on the community structure, aiming to provide a comprehensive survey of how the gut microbiota in P. pekinensis varies depending on habitat.

Methods

A total of 73 P. pekinensis from Yangtze River (W), rivers in the outskirts of Jingjiang (Jiangsu province, China, R), and farms (C) were collected to analyze the intestinal microbiota using high-throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 16S ribosomal RNA gene. We also subdivided the gut into the foregut (F), midgut (M), and hindgut (B) to analyze the differences between them.

Results

The dominant bacterial phyla in P. pekinensis were Fusobacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria; meanwhile, Cyanobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, and Verrucomicrobia were also highly abundant. It is worth noting that the abundance of Fusobacteria Cetobacterium was also very high. The abundance and diversity of the intestinal microbiota structure of fish taken from breeding farm were significantly lower than those taken from Yangtze river and Suburban river, and the abundance of Aeromonas in the gut of fish taken from Yangtze river was much higher than that of fish taken from Suburban river. Compared to midgut, foregut and hindgut have similar microbiota structures, but did not differ significantly in them.

Conclusions

The core intestinal microbiota of P. pekinensis is the same to other herbivorous and partially omnivorous fish. There were significant differences in the intestinal microbiota structure of P. pekinensis from different habitats, but no significant differences in the microbiota abundance and diversity between the different parts of the intestine.
Inhibition of TGFβ improves hematopoietic stem cell niche and ameliorates cancer-related anemia
Authors: Wang Boyan , Wang Yi , Chen Hainan , Yao Senyu , Lai Xiaofan , Qiu Yuan , Cai Jianye , Huang Yinong , Wei Xiaoyue , Guan Yuanjun , Wang Tao , Wang Jiancheng , Xiang Andy Peng
Published: January 2021

Background

Cancer cachexia is a wasting syndrome that is quite common in terminal-stage cancer patients. Cancer-related anemia is one of the main features of cancer cachexia and mostly results in a poor prognosis. The disadvantages of the current therapies are obvious, but few new treatments have been developed because the pathological mechanism remains unclear.

Methods

C57BL/6 mice were subcutaneously injected with Lewis lung carcinoma cells to generate a cancer-related anemia model. The treated group received daily intraperitoneal injections of SB505124. Blood parameters were determined with a routine blood counting analyzer. Erythroid cells and hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The microarchitecture changes of the femurs were determined by micro-computed tomography scans. Smad2/3 phosphorylation was analyzed by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. The changes in the hematopoietic stem cell niche were revealed by qPCR analysis of both fibrosis-related genes and hematopoietic genes, fibroblastic colony-forming unit assays, and lineage differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells.

Results

The mouse model exhibited hematopoietic suppression, marked by a decrease of erythrocytes in the peripheral blood, as well as an increase of immature erythroblasts and reduced differentiation of multipotent progenitors in the bone marrow. The ratio of bone volume/total volume, trabecular number, and cortical wall thickness all appeared to decrease, and the increased osteoclast number has led to the release of latent TGFβ and TGFβ signaling over-activation. Excessive TGFβ deteriorated the hematopoietic stem cell niche, inducing fibrosis of the bone marrow as well as the transition of mesenchymal stromal cells. Treatment with SB505124, a small-molecule inhibitor of TGFβ signaling, significantly attenuated the symptoms of cancer-related anemia in this model, as evidenced by the increase of erythrocytes in the peripheral blood and the normalized proportion of erythroblast cell clusters. Meanwhile, hindered hematopoiesis and deteriorated hematopoietic stem cell niche were also shown to be restored with SB505124 treatment.

Conclusion

This study investigated the role of TGFβ released by bone remodeling in the progression of cancer-related anemia and revealed a potential therapeutic approach for relieving defects in hematopoiesis.
Diagnosis and treatment of Rosai-Dorfman disease of the spine: a systematic literature review
Authors: Hu Pan-pan , Wei Feng , Liu Xiao-guang , Liu Zhong-jun
Published: January 2021

Purpose

To review and summarize the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment strategies, and prognosis of spinal Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD).

Methods

RDD is also termed as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy. We searched the databases of PubMed, Elsevier ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and OVID. The keywords wereRosai-Dorfman diseaseandspine/central nervous system. Research articles and case reports with accessibility to full texts regarding spinal RDD were eligible for the inclusion. A total of 62 articles were included, and they contained 69 cases. We extracted the information of interest and analyzed them using SPSS statistics package.

Results

The average age was 33.1 ± 18.3 years. The ratio of males to females was 1.9/1. Overall, 63 cases presented with spine-related symptoms. A total of 27 cases (39.1%) had multi-organ lesions, and 12 cases had records of massive lymphadenopathy. Among 47 cases who first manifested spine-related symptoms, 93.6% were preoperatively misdiagnosed. The disease had a predilection for cervical spine (38.8%) and thoracic spine (40.3%). 62.9% of lesions were dura-based. Surgery remained the mainstream treatment option (78.8%), with or without adjuvant therapies. Total lesion resection was achieved in 34.8% of cases. The rate of lesion recurrence/progression was 19.5%, which was marginally lower for total resection than for non-total resection.

Conclusion

Spinal RDD has no pathognomonic clinical and imaging features. Most cases first present with spine-relevant symptoms. Massive lymphadenopathy is not common, but a tendency for multi-organ involvement should be considered. Spinal RDD has a high recurrence rate; thus, total resection is the treatment of choice. Adjuvant therapies are indicated for multi-organ lesions and residual lesions. A wait and watch strategy is recommended for asymptomatic patients. Herein, a workflow of diagnosis and treatment of the spinal RDD is established.
Data analysis of heavy metal content in riverwater: multivariate statistical analysis and inequality expressions
Authors: Leventeli Yasemin , Yalcin Fusun
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this paper is to use multivariate statistical methods with asymmetric distributions approach, chemical analysis, and inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) device. We investigate data of heavy metal content from Akcay Riverwater to the Mediterranean involving Finike sea coast at Turkey. We determine the chemical content, origin of heavy metals of the surface water in Akcay River, which flows into the Mediterranean realted to the above-mentioned region by multivariate statistical analysis, pollution indices, and density maps involving numerical comments by numbers. With the help of special numbers represented by special chemical components and simmetric statistical methods given above, in this paper, we obtain many new relations and results. Furhermore, we give some comments, observations, and remarks about the results of this paper. These results have a high potential to be used not only in engineering fields and health sciences, but also in applied mathematics, statistics, and other fields.
Entire solutions for several second-order partial differential-difference equations of Fermat type with two complex variables
Authors: Xu Hong Yan , Meng Da Wei , Liu Sanyang , Wang Hua
Published: January 2021

This paper is concerned with description of the existence and the forms of entire solutions of several second-order partial differential-difference equations with more general forms of Fermat type. By utilizing the Nevanlinna theory of meromorphic functions in several complex variables we obtain some results on the forms of entire solutions for these equations, which are some extensions and generalizations of the previous theorems given by Xu and Cao (Mediterr. J. Math. 15:1–14, 2018; Mediterr. J. Math. 17:1–4, 2020) and Liu et al. (J. Math. Anal. Appl. 359:384–393, 2009; Electron. J. Differ. Equ. 2013:59–110, 2013; Arch. Math. 99:147–155, 2012). Moreover, by some examples we show the existence of transcendental entire solutions with finite order of such equations.
The effect of vestibular, lingual, and aligner appliances on the quality of life of adult patients during the initial stages of orthodontic treatment
Authors: AlSeraidi Maryam , Hansa Ismaeel , Dhaval Fadia , Ferguson Donald J. , Vaid Nikhilesh R.
Published: January 2021

Background

Patient quality of life (QoL) during orthodontic treatment is an important consideration that requires greater academic investigation as greater focus is placed on enhancing patient experience. Quality of life (QoL) was assessed in three orthodontic appliance groups, i.e., vestibular, lingual, and aligners during the initial stages of treatment. The sample was comprised of 117 adult patient-subjects distributed into 3 groups: vestibular (n = 41), lingual (n = 37), and aligner (n = 39). A WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire surveyed four domains (physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment).

Results

Mean scores for domain 1, physical health, showed that the aligner group (28.1) had significantly greater scores than that of the vestibular (22.7) or lingual (22) groups. Domain 2, psychological health, demonstrated significant differences (P < 0.001) between all groups, with the aligner group scoring the highest (23.2), followed by the lingual (18.4) and vestibular (15.2) groups. Domain 3, social relationship, showed that aligner (10.9) and lingual (10.2) scores were significantly greater (P < 0.001) than those of the vestibular group (7.8). Domain 4, environment, displayed significant differences between all groups, with the aligner group scoring highest (32.1), followed by the lingual group (29.3), and lastly the vestibular group (26.4). Overall, the highest mean score was obtained by the aligner group (23.1) and the lowest mean score was by the vestibular group (18). The mean domain scores for all three groups were significantly different (P ≤ 0.005) from each other (Table 2).

Conclusions

Overall, patients undergoing Aligner therapy reported the overall highest QoL scores, followed by lingual and vestibular groups.
Community-acquired and hospital-acquired respiratory tract infection and bloodstream infection in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Søgaard Kirstine K. , Baettig Veronika , Osthoff Michael , Marsch Stephan , Leuzinger Karoline , Schweitzer Michael , Meier Julian , Bassetti Stefano , Bingisser Roland , Nickel Christian H. , Khanna Nina , Tschudin-Sutter Sarah , Weisser Maja , Battegay Manuel , Hirsch Hans H. , Pargger Hans , Siegemund Martin , Egli Adrian
Published: January 2021

Objectives

SARS-CoV-2 may cause acute lung injury, and secondary infections are thus relevant complications in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. However, detailed information on community- and hospital-acquired infections among patients with COVID-19 pneumonia is scarce.

Methods

We identified 220 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients hospitalized at the University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (between 25 February and 31 May 2020). We excluded patients who declined the general consent (n = 12), patients without clinical evidence of pneumonia (n = 29), and patients hospitalized for < 24 h (n = 17). We evaluated the frequency of community- and hospital-acquired infections using respiratory and blood culture materials with antigen, culture-based, and molecular diagnostics. For ICU patients, all clinical and microbial findings were re-evaluated interdisciplinary (intensive care, infectious disease, and clinical microbiology), and agreement reached to classify patients with infections.

Results

In the final cohort of 162 hospitalized patients (median age 64.4 years (IQR, 50.4–74.2); 61.1% male), 41 (25.3%) patients were admitted to the intensive care unit, 34/41 (82.9%) required mechanical ventilation, and 17 (10.5%) of all hospitalized patients died. In total, 31 infections were diagnosed including five viral co-infections, 24 bacterial infections, and three fungal infections (ventilator-associated pneumonia, n = 5; tracheobronchitis, n = 13; pneumonia, n = 1; and bloodstream infection, n = 6). Median time to respiratory tract infection was 12.5 days (IQR, 8–18) and time to bloodstream infection 14 days (IQR, 6–30). Hospital-acquired bacterial and fungal infections were more frequent among ICU patients than other patients (36.6% vs. 1.7%). Antibiotic or antifungal treatment was administered in 71 (43.8%) patients.

Conclusions

Community-acquired viral and bacterial infections were rare among COVID-19 pneumonia patients. By contrast, hospital-acquired bacterial or fungal infections were frequently complicating the course among ICU patients.
Evaluation of the deformation shape of a balloon-type dielectric elastomer actuator prestretched with water pressure
Authors: Koike Natsumi , Hayakawa Takeshi
Published: January 2021

In this study, we evaluated the deformation shape of a balloon-type dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) that has been prestretched with water pressure. We fabricated the DEA with poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) as the elastomeric material and carbon grease as the electrode. We derived analytical solutions for the deformation of the DEA based on structural mechanical models. Additionally, we compared the deformation shapes obtained by theoretical analysis and experimental results. Our model can partially predict the deformation shape of the DEA with good accuracy. In addition, we discuss the applicable range of the theoretical model and error relative to the experimental results.
Exploring the impact of Artificial Intelligence and robots on higher education through literature-based design fictions
Authors: Cox A. M.
Published: January 2021

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and robotics are likely to have a significant long-term impact on higher education (HE). The scope of this impact is hard to grasp partly because the literature is siloed, as well as the changing meaning of the concepts themselves. But developments are surrounded by controversies in terms of what is technically possible, what is practical to implement and what is desirable, pedagogically or for the good of society. Design fictions that vividly imagine future scenarios of AI or robotics in use offer a means both to explain and query the technological possibilities. The paper describes the use of a wide-ranging narrative literature review to develop eight such design fictions that capture the range of potential use of AI and robots in learning, administration and research. They prompt wider discussion by instantiating such issues as how they might enable teaching of high order skills or change staff roles, as well as exploring the impact on human agency and the nature of datafication.
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) embolization: prediction of angiographically-confirmed recanalization according to PAVM Diameter changes on CT
Authors: Hong Jihoon , Lee Sang Yub , Cha Jung Guen , Lim Jae-Kwang , Park Jongmin , Lee Jaehee , Cha Seung-Ick , Kim Chang-Ho , Seo Hyewon
Published: January 2021

Background

To assess pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) recanalization after embolization based on PAVM diameter changes on computed tomography (CT), with pulmonary angiography used as a gold standard.

Methods

A retrospective review was done of patients from 2008 to 2019 with a PAVM treated with endovascular embolization. The treatment outcome was determined by conventional angiography. Follow-up pulmonary angiography was performed when recanalization was suspected on CT, or embolization of all lesions in multiple PAVM patients could not be completed in a single session. Patients who had no preprocedural or follow-up CT were excluded. Draining vein, feeding artery, and venous sac diameter were measured on CT, and diameter reduction rates were compared with the widely-used, binary 70 % criteria.

Results

Forty-one patients with 114 PAVMs were treated during the study period. Eight patients with 50 PAVMs met the inclusion criteria. Mean vein, artery, and venous sac diameter reduction rates were as follows: 59.2 ± 9.3 %, 47.5 ± 10.6 %, and 62.6 ± 13.2 %, respectively, in the occluded group and 5.4 ± 19.5 %, 11.3 ± 17.7 %, and 26.8 ± 14.2 %, respectively, in the recanalized group. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for PAVM recanalization for the draining vein was 1.00, showing a better result than the artery (0.97) and sac (0.99). Patients showed > 42 % draining vein diameter reduction in the occluded group and < 32 % in the recanalized group. The widely-used 70 % criteria showed low specificity for predicting recanalization (draining vein, 7.3 %; venous sac, 41.7 %) but 100 % sensitivity for both the draining vein and venous sac.

Conclusions

The widely-used 70 % binary criteria showed limited performance in predicting outcomes in this angiographically-confirmed case series. Further investigations are warranted to establish a strategy for detecting recanalization after PAVM embolization.
Polypore fungi as a flagship group to indicate changes in biodiversity – a test case from Estonia
Authors: Runnel Kadri , Miettinen Otto , Lõhmus Asko
Published: January 2021

Polyporous fungi, a morphologically delineated group of Agaricomycetes (Basidiomycota), are considered well studied in Europe and used as model group in ecological studies and for conservation. Such broad interest, including widespread sampling and DNA based taxonomic revisions, is rapidly transforming our basic understanding of polypore diversity and natural history. We integrated over 40,000 historical and modern records of polypores in Estonia (hemiboreal Europe), revealing 227 species, and including Polyporus submelanopus and P. ulleungus as novelties for Europe. Taxonomic and conservation problems were distinguished for 13 unresolved subgroups. The estimated species pool exceeds 260 species in Estonia, including at least 20 likely undescribed species (here documented as distinct DNA lineages related to accepted species in, e.g., Ceriporia, Coltricia, Physisporinus, Sidera and Sistotrema). Four broad ecological patterns are described: (1) polypore assemblage organization in natural forests follows major soil and tree-composition gradients; (2) landscape-scale polypore diversity homogenizes due to draining of peatland forests and reduction of nemoral broad-leaved trees (wooded meadows and parks buffer the latter); (3) species having parasitic or brown-rot life-strategies are more substrate-specific; and (4) assemblage differences among woody substrates reveal habitat management priorities. Our update reveals extensive overlap of polypore biota throughout North Europe. We estimate that in Estonia, the biota experienced ca. 3–5% species turnover during the twentieth century, but exotic species remain rare and have not attained key functions in natural ecosystems. We encourage new regional syntheses on long studied fungal groups to obtain landscape-scale understanding of species pools, and for elaborating fungal indicators for biodiversity assessments.
Non-invasive IGFBP1, IGFBP2 biomarkers as predictors and outcomes of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) therapeutic response
Authors: Habeb M. , Embarak S. , Fathy A. , Zalat M.
Published: January 2021

Background

Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) is a fatal disease that is associated with poor prognosis and survival. Several growth factors such as IGFs (insulin-like growth factors) and IGFBPs (insulin-like growth factor binding proteins) seem to take part to this pathogenesis.

Pirfenidone is an immunosuppressant drug that is thought to have anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects both in vitro and in vivo.

Objective

To assess IGFBP1 and IGFBP2 as non-invasive biomarkers for prediction and outcomes of UIP clinical activity and therapeutic response to the anti-fibrotic pirfenidone.

Results

Serum levels of IGFBP1 and IGFBP2 were significantly higher in the UIP group than in the healthy subjects (p ≤ 0.005). After 6 months therapy, UIP patients were divided into 2 groups according to improvement in MRC dyspnea grading into clinically improved and non-improved groups. 6MWT and SPaO2 were significantly improved in the clinically improved group compared to the non-improved one with no differences as regards other parameters (p < 0.0001). Both IGFBP1 and IGFBP2 were significantly decreased in serum while only IGFBP2 was decreased in BAL of all UIP after completing 12 months therapy.

Conclusion

IGFBP1 and IGFBP2 were increased in active UIP patients and reduced after 12 months anti-fibrosing therapy. IGFBPs may be promising biomarkers and predictors of response to therapy in UIP.
CAMSAP3 is required for mTORC1-dependent ependymal cell growth and lateral ventricle shaping in mouse brains
Authors: Kimura Toshiya , Saito Hiroko , Kawasaki Miwa , Takeichi Masatoshi
Published: January 2021

Microtubules (MTs) regulate numerous cellular processes, but their roles in brain morphogenesis are not well known. Here, we show that CAMSAP3, a non-centrosomal microtubule regulator, is important for shaping the lateral ventricles. In differentiating ependymal cells, CAMSAP3 became concentrated at the apical domains, serving to generate MT networks at these sites. Camsap3-mutated mice showed abnormally narrow lateral ventricles, in which excessive stenosis or fusion was induced, leading to a decrease of neural stem cells at the ventricular and subventricular zones. This defect was ascribed at least in part to a failure of neocortical ependymal cells to broaden their apical domain, a process necessary for expanding the ventricular cavities. mTORC1 was required for ependymal cell growth but its activity was downregulated in mutant cells. Lysosomes, which mediate mTORC1 activation, tended to be reduced at the apical regions of the mutant cells, along with disorganized apical MT networks at the corresponding sites. These findings suggest that CAMSAP3 supports mTORC1 signaling required for ependymal cell growth via MT network regulation, and, in turn, shaping of the lateral ventricles.
Αναμονή, ανακάλυψη και αναθεώρηση
Authors: Ερμείδου Δήμητρα
Published: January 2021

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Λίμνη και Πέτρα, ομόκεντροι κύκλοι δράσης και κάθετα όνειρα
Authors: Ταξιαρχόπουλος Γιώργος
Published: January 2021

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Η Εικαστική Πορεία προς τις Πρέσπες ως παράδειγμα μετασχηματιστικής μάθησης
Authors: Δαϊκόπουλος Γιάννης
Published: January 2021

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Η σχεδόν ερωτική σχέση του ανθρώπου με τη φύση
Authors: Λέφα Νόρα
Published: January 2021

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Σημασιοδοτήσεις του ιστορικού χώρου- μια ανθρωποκεντρική προσέγγιση
Authors: Δημητριάδου Κατερίνα
Published: January 2021

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Τσόχα - Felt
Authors: Γκρεμούτη Γεωργία
Published: January 2021

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TERZA NATURA, Διαμορφώνοντας μια προσωπική προσέγγιση
Authors: Γερόλυμπος Γιώργης
Published: January 2021

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ΕΙΚΑΣΤΙΚΕΣ ΠΡΟΣΕΓΓΙΣΕΙΣ
Authors: - Διάφοροι καλλιτέχνες και θεωρητικοί
Published: January 2021

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Sustainable data analysis with Snakemake
Authors: Mölder Felix , Jablonski Kim Philipp , Letcher Brice , Hall Michael B. , Tomkins-Tinch Christopher H. , Sochat Vanessa , Forster Jan , Lee Soohyun , Twardziok Sven O. , Kanitz Alexander , Wilm Andreas , Holtgrewe Manuel , Rahmann Sven , Nahnsen Sven , Köster Johannes
Published: January 2021

Data analysis often entails a multitude of heterogeneous steps, from the application of various command line tools to the usage of scripting languages like R or Python for the generation of plots and tables. It is widely recognized that data analyses should ideally be conducted in a reproducible way. Reproducibility enables technical validation and regeneration of results on the original or even new data. However, reproducibility alone is by no means sufficient to deliver an analysis that is of lasting impact (i.e., sustainable) for the field, or even just one research group. We postulate that it is equally important to ensure adaptability and transparency. The former describes the ability to modify the analysis to answer extended or slightly different research questions. The latter describes the ability to understand the analysis in order to judge whether it is not only technically, but methodologically valid.

Here, we analyze the properties needed for a data analysis to become reproducible, adaptable, and transparent. We show how the popular workflow management system Snakemake can be used to guarantee this, and how it enables an ergonomic, combined, unified representation of all steps involved in data analysis, ranging from raw data processing, to quality control and fine-grained, interactive exploration and plotting of final results.
Exploring factors that influence the practice of Open Science by early career health researchers: a mixed methods study
Authors: Zečević Ksenija , Houghton Catherine , Noone Chris , Lee Hopin , Matvienko-Sikar Karen , Toomey Elaine
Published: January 2021

Background: There is a growing global movement towards open science and ensuring that health research is more transparent. It is vital that the researchers are adequately prepared for this research environment from early in their careers. However, limited research has been conducted on the barriers and enablers to practicing open science for early career researchers. This study aimed to explore the views, experiences and factors influencing open science practices amongst ECRs working in health research.

Methods: Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of ECRs working in health research. Participants also completed surveys regarding the factors influencing open science practices. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data and descriptive statistical analyses were used to analyse survey data.

Results: 14 ECRs participated. Two main themes were identified from interview data; Valuing Open Science and Creating a Culture for Open Science. Within ‘Valuing Open Science’, participants spoke about the conceptualisation of open science to be open across the entire research cycle, and important for producing better and more impactful research for patients and the public. Within ‘Creating a Culture of Open Science’ participants spoke about a number of factors influencing their practice of open science. These included cultural and academic pressures, the positives and negatives of increased accountability and transparency, and the need for more training and supporting resources to facilitate open science practices.

Conclusion: ECRs see the importance of open science for beneficially impacting patient and public health but many feel that they are not fully supported to practice open science. Resources and supports including education and training are needed, as are better incentives for open science activities. Crucially, tangible engagement from institutions, funders and researchers is needed to facilitate the development of an open science culture.
Assessing and protecting the mental health of the nation: A study protocol
Authors: Hyland Philip , Vallières Frédérique
Published: January 2021

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the public health measures enacted to control its spread may affect the mental health of the general population of Ireland. Funded under the Health Research Board’s COVID-19 Pandemic Rapid Response Funding Call, this protocol outlines the aims of a project to assess and protect the mental health of the population of Ireland during this pandemic. We will determine (i) the prevalence of common mental health disorders at various times during the first year of the pandemic, (ii) changes in the prevalence of mental health disorders during the first year of the pandemic, (iii) if there are distinct groups of people experiencing different mental health responses to the pandemic, and (iv) the factors associated with different mental health reactions.

Methods: This quantitative study uses cross-sectional and longitudinal designs. Data have been collected from a nationally representative sample of Irish adults at four assessments:  Wave 1 (N = 1,041) occurred during the first week of lockdown in March 2020, Wave 2 in May, Wave 3 in August, and Wave 4 in December. Wave 5 is planned for March 2021. Participants from Wave 1 have been recontacted at each wave to produce a longitudinal dataset. New participants were recruited using quota sampling to ensure the availability of nationally representative samples at each wave. Self-report measures of demographic, economic, psychological, and mental health variables were completed.  

Conclusion: This design will allow us to determine whether there has been a change in mental health disorders in the general population during the first year of the pandemic, and if so, what variables are associated with changes in mental health. Results will be used to inform the government’s ongoing response to this crisis, to better protect the mental health of the nation during this and any future public health emergency.
Online Resource Allocation Under Partially Predictable Demand
Authors: Hwang Dawsen , Jaillet Patrick , Manshadi Vahideh
Published: January 2021

Real-Time Resource Allocation: Beyond Stochastic Demand Modeling
Management of urological trauma associated with pelvic fractures
Authors: Trockels Amaury , Ahluwalia Aashish K , Chetwood Andrew
Published: January 2021

Urological trauma is frequently encountered in patients with high energy pelvic fractures and can have debilitating long-term sequelae for patients without appropriate multidisciplinary management. Anterior pelvic ring disruption causes a high incidence of bladder rupture and urethral injuries, and initial assessment requires urological tract imaging and emergent bladder drainage before subsequent surgical repair. Pelvic ring disruption requires urgent fixation and should be managed as an open fracture in the context of significant bladder and urethral injury with urinary leakage. Long-term outcomes are variable and genitourinary dysfunction is commonly reported among patients with pelvic fractures. Optimisation of patient outcomes relies heavily on collaborative management between orthopaedic and urological specialists and requires an appreciation of the anatomical intricacies of the pelvis. This article provides an overview of the British Orthopaedic Association Standards for Trauma and Orthopaedics management of urological trauma in the context of pelvic fractures.
Flexible optical imaging band system for the assessment of arthritis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Kim Youngwan , Marone Alessandro , Tang Wei , Gartshteyn Yevgeniya , Kim Hyun K. , Askanase Anca D. , Kymissis Ioannis , Hielscher Andreas H.
Published: January 2021

We have developed a flexible optical imaging system (FOIS) to assess systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) arthritis in the finger joints. While any part of the body can be affected, arthritis in the finger joints is one of the most common SLE manifestations. There is an unmet need for accurate, low-cost assessment of lupus arthritis that can be easily performed at every clinic visit. Current imaging methods are imprecise, expensive, and time consuming to allow for frequent monitoring. Our FOIS can be wrapped around joints, and multiple light sources and detectors gather reflected and transmitted light intensities. Using data from two SLE patients and two healthy volunteers, we demonstrate the potential of this FOIS for assessment of arthritis in SLE patients.
Multi-wave mixing in the high harmonic regime: monitoring electronic dynamics
Authors: Jiang Shicheng , Kowalewski Markus , Dorfman Konstantin E.
Published: January 2021

It has been demonstrated that electronic coherences across many eV can be detected in pump-probe experiments involving high harmonic sources. An additional degree of control over the phase matching can be employed by investigating a more general class of multi-wave mixing. Non-collinear multi-wave mixing of high harmonics with energy (q1ω1 + q2ω2) can be selectively detected along the direction of (q1k1 + q2k2). Simulations based on a recently developed semi-perturbative approach show that only the specific harmonic signals with q1ω1 close to the energy difference between ground state and excited states are observable when the two input pulses are well separated in time. The coherent dynamics between different states can be selectively tracked by detecting the time-delay dependent signals with different q1k1, which can overcome the potential spectral congestion in real experiments. Additionally, such non-collinear geometry can be used to separate the dephasing induced decay and collision induced recovery behaviors of pump-probe high harmonic signal typically observed in the time-resolved high harmonic pump-probe signals.
Saturation control of an optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier
Authors: Fischer Peter , Muschet Alexander , Lang Tino , Salh Roushdey , Veisz Laszlo
Published: January 2021

Optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification (OPCPA) is a light amplification technique that provides the combination of broad spectral gain bandwidth and large energy, directly supporting few-cycle pulses with multi-terawatt (TW) peak powers. Saturation in an OPCPA increases the stability and conversion efficiency of the system. However, distinct spectral components experience different gain and do not saturate under the same conditions, which reduces performance. Here, we describe a simple and robust approach to control the saturation for all spectral components. The demonstrated optimal saturation increases the overall gain, conversion efficiency and spectral bandwidth. We experimentally obtain an improvement of the pulse energy by more than 18%. This technique is easily implemented in any existing OPCPA system with a pulse shaper to maximize its output.
Spectral shaping of ring resonator transmission response
Authors: Yadav Mukesh , Noh Jong Wook , Hjelme Dag Roar , Aksnes Astrid
Published: January 2021

We present a Mach-Zehnder interferometer assisted ring resonator configuration (MARC) to realize resonator transmission spectra with unique spectral signatures and significantly large effective free spectral ranges. Transmission spectra with unique spectral signatures are generated by changing the angular separation between the through port and the drop port waveguides of the ring resonator (RR). These spectral signatures are comprised of several distinct resonance lineshapes including Lorentzian, inverse Lorentzian and asymmetric Fano-like shapes. One of the spectral signatures generated from the MARC device is utilized for the temperature sensing measurement to demonstrate a MARC-based sensor with high Q-factor and wide measurement range.
Metastable helium Faraday filter for helium lidar to measure the density of the thermosphere
Authors: Pan Tingyu , Chen Tingdi , Sun Dongsong , Han Yuli , Xue Xianghui , Zhao Ruocan , Lan Jiaxin
Published: January 2021

We demonstrate a metastable helium Faraday optical filter operating on the 23S1 − 23P1 and 23S1 − 23P2 transition at 1083 nm by using a 3 cm long helium cell. The influence of the magnetic field and gas pressure of the helium cell on the filter characteristics is experimental studied. When the magnetic field is 230 Gs and the gas pressure of helium cell is about 110 Pa, the peak transmission corresponding to the two energy level transitions is about 32% and 57%, respectively. The equivalent noise bandwidth (ENBW) under this working condition is about 1.9 GHz. The metastable helium Faraday filter can be used to improve the optical inefficiency of a helium resonance fluorescence lidar to achieve the metastable helium density detection at 200–1000 km thermosphere.
THz spectroscopic sensing of liquid chemicals using hollow-core anti-resonant fiber
Authors: Hossain Sakawat , Mollah Aslam , Hosain Kamal , Ankan Istihad Mahmud
Published: January 2021

Research on terahertz (THz) spectrum is encountering an enormous booming due to its inherent and promising applications. In recent years, an utmost interest shown by the researchers towards a hollow-core anti-resonant fiber (HC-ARF) based THz bio-sensor because of its sublime sensing performance. In this paper, Zeonex based five-circular cladding tube hollow-core node-less negative-curvature fiber (HC-NNCF) has been proposed for sensing of chemical specimens in THz frequency range. By filling the proposed HC-NNCF sensor with targeted specimens of different refractive indices such as water (n = 1.330), ethanol (n = 1.354), and benzene (n = 1.366), the sensing characteristics of the sensor are numerically investigated using full vectorial finite-element-method (FEM) based COMSOL software. The simulation results show that the proposed HC-NNCF sensor exhibits a total propagation loss magnitude of 10−01 dB/m and a sensitivity response of 98.90%, 99.04%, and 98.90% for water, ethanol, and benzene, respectively, at 1 THz operating frequency. The practical implementation of this propose HC-NNCF sensor is feasible by the existing fabrication methodology. Consequently, the proposed terahertz sensor can be a promising candidate in food, biomedical, and industrial chemical research for opto-fluidic sensing applications.
Like Huginn and Muninn? Cinema studies and Scandinavian studies as Kulturwissenschaft
Authors: Schröder Stephan Michael
Published: January 2021

As ‘Scandinavian cinema’ is the subject both of cinema studies and Scandinavian studies, this article discusses their relationship in the past and present. The primary focus is on their differing approaches as well as possible synergies between these two disciplines with regard to the study of Scandinavian cinema. Scandinavian studies is a necessary supplement and a support to cinema studies, while engaging with cinema is at the same time both an opportunity to take the transition to Scandinavian studies as Kulturwissenschaft seriously and to attract students interested in media.
Euskal kostaldeko fitoplanktona eta bere garrantzia bibalbioen akuikulturan
Authors: Bilbao Jone , Muñiz Oihane , Revilla Marta , Rodríguez José Germán , Laza-Martínez Aitor , Seoane Sergio
Published: January 2021

Akuikulturak azken hamarkadan mundu mailan izan duen garapena itzela izan da, eta horrek Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoan (EAEn) moluskuen akuikultura gauzatzeko nahia piztu du. Gaur egun, muskuiluak ekoizten berriki hasi den akuikultura-eremu bakarra dago EAEn, itsaso zabalean, Mendexako kostaldearen aurrean. Hala ere, sektorea gehiago garatzeko helburuz, beste aukerazko kokaleku batzuk planteatu dira, Mutrikuko portua adibidez. Gauzak horrela, ezinbestekoa da eremu horretako fitoplanktonaren azterketa sakona egitea, bibalbioen energia-iturri eta, aldi berean, gizakiongan toxikotasun-eragile nagusia baita. Azken urteotan, Mendexan eta Mutrikun, bibalbioen akuikulturarekin erlazionatutako fitoplanktonaren zenbait ikerketa gauzatu dira, bertako komunitate naturalek bibalbioen akuikulturari eusteko duten egokitasuna ezagutzeko asmoz. Ikerketa horietan fitoplankton-komunitatearen ugaritasuna eta osaketa aztertu ziren, potentzialki toxikoak ziren taxonei arreta berezia eskainiz. Horrez gain, muskuiluen haragian aurkitutako toxina-kontzentrazioa ere neurtu zen. Diatomeoak eta haptofitoak izan ziren Mendexako eta Mutrikuko komunitate fitoplanktonikoen talde nagusiak, dinoflagelatuen aldizkako agerpenekin batera. Horrenbestez, fitoplankton-komunitate horiek muskuiluen hazkuntzarako kalitate nutrizional onuragarria daukatela ikusi da, talde nagusiek gantz azido maila altuak azaltzen dituztelako. Gainera, komunitateetan nagusitzen zen zelula-tamaina (2-20 μm) aproposa da muskuiluen ingestio eta erretentzio eraginkorrerako. Hala ere, Europako beste akuikultura eremu batzuekin alderatuz, Mendexako eta Mutrikuko a klorofila-balioak oso baxuak dira, 0,5 μg/L inguruko kontzentrazioekin. Halaber, itsaskien toxikotasun-arriskua adierazten duten zelula-ugaritasuna eta toxinen kontzentrazio-mugak hainbat aldiz gainditu ziren bi eremuetan. Dinophysis da generorik arriskutsuena, Mendexan bereziki, genero horren eta bere toxinen (azido okadaikoa) kontzentrazioa handiagoa baita. Horrenbestez, beharrezkoa da fitoplanktonen azterketekin jarraitzea, toxikotasun-arrisku posibleak hauteman eta kontrolatzeko.
SOME ASPECTS OF THE EMOTIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL STATUS OF STATE AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES
Authors: Sabyna E. N.
Published: January 2021

Research shows that not only material motivation is important for employees, but also intangible motivation. Great importance in the labor economy is attached to socio-psychological factors that affect labor productivity and increase labor potential. Psychological factors of working conditions directly affect the employee’s desire to perform their duties as effectively as possible.

The article deals with some psychological factors of working conditions and prevention of stress factors. The author presents the results of a study of the features of the emotional and psychological state («emotional burnout») identified in state and municipal servants. The number of stress factors in these groups of employees is large. Based on the conducted interview, the causes that provoke emotional burnout were identified. More than half of respodents have signs of burnout and exhaustion. The most clearly formed symptoms are «inadequate emotional selective response» and «reduction of professional responsibilities». The article offers recommendations aimed at preventing and correcting symptoms of emotional burnout. Recommendations can be used in HR technologies when working with personnel.

The article presents the results of the conducted research into the peculiarities of emotional burnout of state and municipal officials, and develops recommendations aimed at preventing and correcting the symptoms of emotional burnout. Recommendations can be used in HR technologies when working with employees of the organization.
COMPONENT COMPOSITION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF CRATAEGUS PINNATIFIDA (ROSACEAE) (REVIEW)
Authors: Budantsev Andrey L'vovich , Belenovskaya Lidiya Markovna , Bityukova Natal'ya Valentinovna
Published: January 2021

Information on the diversity of the composition of terpenoids, phenolic compounds (phenylpropanoids, lignans, flavonoids) and other groups of secondary metabolites of Crataegus pinnatifida, published in the world literature over the past decades, is presented. Structural formulas are also indicated for new components isolated from C. pinnatifida. Among the new terpenoids of the leaves, fruits, and seeds of C. pinnatifida, mono- and sesquiterpenic glycosides (shanyesides, pinnatifidanosides, etc.), as well as triterpenic acids of the oleanan series, predominate. Among the phenolic compounds in the leaves and seeds, new biphenyl glycosides (shanyenosides), derivatives of cinnamaldehyde (crataegusoids), crataegusanoids and other phenylpropanoids were found. The most diverse in various parts of C. pinnatifida, especially in the seeds, are lignans of various types of structure, in particular sesquilignan glycosides, as well as new lignans (pinnatifidanins, pinnatifidaninsides, neolignans of the dibenzofuran series and other substances). In addition to these groups, new flavonoids, flavanocoumarins, and naphthoquinones were found in leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds. The results of pharmacological studies showing the presence of cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, hypocholesterolemic, thrombolytic, neuroprotective, antibacterial and other types of biological activity found in extracts, their fractions, as well as individual compounds of various organs and parts of C. pinnatifida are presented.
Gondolatok az innováció és a stratégia összefüggéseiről (Remarks for correlations between innovation and strategy)
Authors: Fejes József
Published: January 2021

Mára az innováció a versenyelőny megszerzésének és megőrzésének legfőbb forrása, ezért az innovációs tevékenységet övező menedzselési feladatok egyre komplexebbek és sokrétűbbek lettek. Az innováció nem csupán a véletlen eredménye, ezért ha a vállalat érdemi erőfeszítéseket tesz az innovációvezérelt szervezet kialakítása érdekében, akkor vélhetőleg sikeresebben veszi a versenypiaci akadályokat, ami hosszú távon eredményesebb vállalkozást eredményezhet. A cikk elsődleges célja, hogy rávilágítson az innováció és a stratégia kapcsolatára. A tanulmány rendszerező jelleggel tekinti át a nemzetközi és hazai szakirodalmat, annak érdekében, hogy bemutassa az innováció stratégiai jelentőségét. A cikk eredményeként innovációs alapstratégiákat fogalmaz meg, amelyek segítenek megérteni az innováció vállalati értékteremtésben betöltött szerepét. A tanulmány továbbá rámutat azokra a fókuszterületekre, amelyek kiemelt relevanciával rendelkeznek az innováció menedzselése szempontjából. _____ Nowadays innovation is one of the most important sources of competitiveness, thus more and more attention turns on its execution. Innovation is not only the result of random development, it can be managed in order to make the entire innovation process more predictable and profitable. The aim of this article is to highlight the interconnections between innovation and strategy. The study systematizes the international and the domestic literature to get an overall picture about the current issues of innovation management. As a conclusion, the author tries to reveal the role of innovation in corporate value creation. Besides, he proposes further innovation strategies that can support a higher execution level in strategic innovation management.
Vezetéstörténeti paradigmák fejlődése Japánban (About the Origins of Japanese Management)
Authors: Vaszkun Balázs
Published: January 2021

A tanulmány a japán vállalatvezetés kialakulásával, történelmi és társadalmi gyökereivel, valamint intézményesülésének vizsgálatával foglalkozik. Első részében a szerző áttekinti, milyen főbb földrajzi és történelmi tényezők, körülmények játszottak szerepet a japán vezetési gyakorlat formálódásában. Ezt követően egy meghatározott történelmi idősíkon követi nyomon az amerikai menedzsmenttörténet egyes korszakainak megfelelő japán változásokat, vállalatvezetési reakciókat – kezdve a klasszikus menedzsment tanaitól (taylorizmus, racionalizálás...) egészen a mai kor globális versenye által támasztott követelményekig. Rámutat arra, mikor és miért késtek fontos váltások Japánban a vállalatvezetésben élenjáró Amerikához képest, majd értékeli ennek elméleti és gyakorlati jelentőségét. Szándéka szerint ez a történelmi áttekintés képez alapot napjaink Japánnal kapcsolatos gazdasági-társadalmi eseményeinek, reformjainak értékeléséhez is. ____ This paper describes the development, the roots and the process of institutionalization of corporate management in Japan. In the first half the author will look at what major geographical factors and cultural characteristics could play a role in shaping the Japanese management practices. Then, along a historical time line, he scrolls through the Japanese reactions given to each of the major American historical eras: from the classical management (Taylorism, rationalization...) up to the challenges of today’s global competition. It is pointed out where paradigm shifts were delayed compared to the US, and while providing potential reasons, the author evaluates the significance of the differences. This historical comparison ought to provide a basis and scope of understanding for today’s events and ongoing reforms in Japan.