bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Collective dynamics and the Anderson-Higgs mechanism in a bona fide holographic superconductor
Authors: Jeong Hyun-Sik , Baggioli Matteo , Kim Keun-Young , Sun Ya-Wen
Published: March 2023

Abstract

The holographic superconductor is one of the most popular models in the context of applied holography. Despite what its name suggests, it does not describe a superconductor. On the contrary, the low temperature phase of its dual field theory is a superfluid with a spontaneously broken U(1) global symmetry. As already observed in the previous literature, a bona fide holographic superconductor can be constructed using mixed boundary conditions for the bulk gauge field. By exploiting this prescription, we study the near-equilibrium collective dynamics in the Higgs phase and reveal the characteristic features of the Anderson-Higgs mechanism. We show that second sound disappears from the spectrum and the gauge field acquires a finite energy gap of the order of the plasma frequency. We observe an overdamped to underdamped crossover for the Higgs mode which acquires a finite energy gap below ≈ Tc/2, with Tc the superconducting critical temperature. Interestingly, the energy gap of the Higgs mode at low temperature is significantly smaller than 2∆, with ∆ the superconducting energy gap. Finally, we interpret our results using Ginzburg-Landau theory and we confirm the validity of previously derived perturbative analytic expressions.
SIMPly add a dark photon
Authors: Braat Pieter , Postma Marieke
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Pions of a dark sector gauge group can be strongly interacting massive particle (SIMP) dark matter, produced by the freeze-out of 3 → 2 interactions, with naturally large self-interactions. We study if adding a dark photon to the set-up can do it all: i) maintain thermalization with the visible sector, ii) resonantly enhance the 3 → 2 interactions, thus allowing for a perturbative pion description, and iii) provide a velocity dependent self-interaction that can affect small scale structure formation. For Nf = 3 this minimal setup is marginally excluded, as the required kinetic mixing is too small to maintain thermal equilibrium with the SM. Adding an extra dark quark opens up parameter space, and — perhaps somewhat surprisingly — we find that all bounds can be satisfied for dark pion masses mπ ∼ 250 − 600 MeV. Dropping the small scale structure requirement iii), a viable setup is reproduced for dark charges of αd = 0.01 − 1 and a dark pion mass mπ ≥ 30 MeV. Late time annihilations are non-negligible making the SIMP dark pion a bit WIMPy.
Matching and event-shape NNDL accuracy in parton showers
Authors: Hamilton Keith , Karlberg Alexander , Salam Gavin P. , Scyboz Ludovic , Verheyen Rob
Published: March 2023

Abstract

To explore the interplay of NLO matching and next-to-leading logarithmic (NLL) parton showers, we consider the simplest case of γ* and Higgs-boson decays to $$ q\overline{q} $$
q

q
¯

and gg respectively. Not only should shower NLL accuracy be retained across observables after matching, but for global event-shape observables and the two-jet rate, matching can augment the shower in such a way that it additionally achieves next-to-next-to-double-logarithmic (NNDL) accuracy, a first step on the route towards general NNLL. As a proof-of-concept exploration of this question, we consider direct application of multiplicative matrix-element corrections, as well as simple implementations of MC@NLO and POWHEG-style matching. We find that the first two straightforwardly bring NNDL accuracy, and that this can also be achieved with POWHEG, although particular care is needed in the handover between POWHEG and the shower. Our study involves both analytic and numerical components and we also touch on some phenomenological considerations.
Building blocks of the flavourful SMEFT RG
Authors: Machado Camila S. , Renner Sophie , Sutherland Dave
Published: March 2023

Abstract

A powerful aspect of effective field theories is connecting scales through renormalisation group (RG) flow. The anomalous dimension matrix of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) encodes clues to where to find relics of heavy new physics in data, but its unwieldy 2499 × 2499 size (at operator dimension 6) makes it difficult to draw general conclusions. In this paper, we study the flavour structure of the SMEFT one loop anomalous dimension matrix of dimension 6 current-current operators, a 1460 × 1460 submatrix. We take an on-shell approach, laying bare simple patterns by factorising the entries of the matrix into their gauge, kinematic and flavour parts. We explore the properties of different diagram topologies, and make explicit the connection between the IR-finiteness of certain diagrams and their gauge and flavour structure. Through a completely general flavour decomposition of the Wilson coefficient matrices, we uncover new flavour selection rules, from which small subsystems emerge which mix almost exclusively amongst themselves. We show that, for example, if we neglect all Yukawa couplings except for that of the top quark, the selection rules produce block diagonalisation within the current-current operators in which the largest block is a 61 × 61 matrix. We provide all the ingredients of the calculations in comprehensive appendices, including SM and SMEFT helicity amplitudes, and explicit results for phase space integrals and gauge contractions. This deconstruction of the matrix, and its resulting block-diagonalisation, provides a first step to understanding the IR-relevant directions in the SMEFT parameter space, hence closing in on natural places for heavy new physics to make itself known.
Optimal Cwikel–Solomyak Estimates
Authors: Sukochev Fedor , Zanin Dmitriy
Published: March 2023

We obtain the optimal version of Cwikel-type estimates for the uniform operator norm which implies the optimality of M.Z. Solomyak’s results (Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. 71(1):53–75, 1995) within the classes of Orlicz/Lorentz spaces. Our methods are based on finding the distributional version of the Sobolev inequality.
Allgemein- und viszeralchirurgische Oberarztkonsile für andere medizinische Disziplinen über 10 Jahre an einem tertiären Zentrum – ist eine schnelle, zeitaufwendige Abarbeitung notwendig?
Authors: Schildberg C. , Kropf S. , Perrakis A. , Croner R. S. , Meyer F.
Published: March 2023

Hintergrund

Die Herausforderungen einer adäquaten, effizienten und rationellen medizinischen Versorgung und Betreuung von Patienten stehen immer im Zusammenhang mit der interprofessionellen Tätigkeit mehrerer Fachdisziplinen.

Ziel

Die Breite variabler Diagnosen und des Profils der chirurgischen Entscheidungsfindung mit weiterführenden chirurgischen Maßnahmen im Rahmen des allgemein- und viszeralchirurgischen Oberarztkonsils für medizinische Nachbardisziplinen wurde über einen definierten Beobachtungszeitraum an einer repräsentativen Patientenklientel analysiert.

Patienten und Methode

Über 10 Jahre (01.10.2006 bis 30.09.2016) wurden alle konsekutiven Patienten (n = 549 Fälle) im Rahmen einer klinisch-systematischen, prospektiven unizentrischen Observationsstudie an einem tertiären Zentrum in einer computerbasierten Patientendatei erfasst und hinsichtlich klinischem Befund‑, Diagnose- und therapeutischem Entscheidungsspektrum und ihrer signifikanten Einflussfaktoren sowie Geschlechts- und Altersunterschied als auch hinsichtlich zeitabhängiger Entwicklungstrends mittels χ2-Test und U-Test analysiert.

Ergebnisse (Eckpunkte)

Die dominierende Fachdisziplin der Konsilabforderung war die Kardiologie (19,9 %), gefolgt von anderen chirurgischen Fächern (11,8 %) und der Gastroenterologie (11,3 %). Das Diagnoseprofil wurde von Wundheilungsstörungen (7,1 %) und akutem Abdomen (7,1 %) bestimmt. Bei 11,7 % der Patienten wurde die unmittelbare Operationsindikation gestellt und bei 12,9 % wurde die Operation elektiv empfohlen. Die Übereinstimmungsrate von Verdachts- und definitiver Diagnose lag bei lediglich 58,4 %.

Schlussfolgerung

Die chirurgische Konsiltätigkeit ist ein wichtiges Standbein für die suffiziente und vor allem zeitgerechte Klärung chirurgisch relevanter Fragestellungen in fast jeder medizinischen Einrichtung, so vor allem auch in einem Zentrum. Sie dient i) der chirurgischen Qualitätssicherung bei der klinischen Mitbetreuung von Patienten mit interdisziplinärem, hier chirurgischem Versorgungsbedarf in der täglichen allgemein-/viszeralchirurgischen Praxis im Rahmen der klinischen Versorgungsforschung; ii) dem Klinikmarketing sowie monetären Aspekten im Sinne von Patientenrekrutierung (und) iii) nicht zuletzt der Notfallversorgung von Patienten. Aufgrund des hohen Anteils von 12 % folgenden Notfalloperationen nach gestellter allgemein-/viszeralchirurgischer Konsilanforderung sind diese zeitnah in der Dienstzeit abzuarbeiten.
Towards non-target proactive food safety: identification of active compounds in convenience tomato products by ten-dimensional hyphenation with integrated simulated gastrointestinal digestion
Authors: Schreiner Tamara , Eggerstorfer Naila M. , Morlock Gertrud E.
Published: March 2023

Current strategies for non-target food screening focus mainly on known hazardous chemicals (adulterants, residues, contaminants, packaging migrants, etc.) instead of bioactive constituents in general and exclude the biological effect detection. To widen the perspective, a more proactive non-target effect-directed strategy is introduced to complement food safety in order to detect not only known but also unknown bioactive compounds. The developed 10-dimensional hyphenation included on-surface digestion (1D), planar chromatographic separation (2D), visualization using white light (3D), UV light (4D), fluorescence light (5D), effect-directed assay analysis (6D), heart-cut zone elution to an orthogonal reversed phase column chromatography including online desalting (7D) with subsequent diode array detection (8D), high-resolution mass spectrometry (9D), and fragmentation (10D). Metabolism, i.e., intestinal digestion of each sample, was simulated and integrated on the same adsorbent surface to study any changes in the compound profiles. As proof of principle, nine convenience tomato products and a freshly prepared tomato soup were screened via five different planar assays in a non-targeted mode. Non-digested and digested samples were compared side by side. In their effect-directed profiles, 14 bioactive compounds from classes of lipids, plant hormones, spices, and pesticides were identified. In particular, bioactive compounds coming from the lipid class were increased by gastrointestinal digestion, while spices and pesticides remained unaffected. With regard to food safety, the determination of the two dinitrophenol herbicides dinoterb and dinoseb in highly processed tomato products should be given special attention. The hyphenation covered a broad analyte spectrum and showed robust and reliable results.

Graphical Abstract
Pumice ingestion in seabirds: interannual variation, and relationships with chick growth and plastic ingestion
Authors: Lavers Jennifer L. , Bond Alexander L.
Published: March 2023

Many species of seabird ingest or are provisioned with pumice stones, buoyant volcanic rocks that are thought to aide in digestion, occasionally during times of poor prey availability. Unlike other indigestible matter, like plastics, the effect of pumice on chick growth, its relationship with ingested plastics, and variation among years has not yet been examined. We analysed the amount of ingested pumice from 739 Flesh-footed (Ardenna carneipes) and 173 Wedge-tailed Shearwaters (A. pacifica) from Lord Howe Island, Australia sampled using stomach lavage between 2011 and 2022. The total mass of ingested pumice was positively related to the mass of ingested plastics in Flesh-footed, but not Wedge-tailed Shearwaters, but not when using mean stone mass. Pumice mass did not vary over time, except for one higher year for each species (2016 for Flesh-footed Shearwaters and 2014 for Wedge-tailed Shearwaters), and there was no effect of pumice mass on chick body size at fledgling. Our results are consistent with the coexistence over geological time of seabirds and floating pumice, and future work should focus on aspects of retention in the digestive system and potential interactions with and efficacy in the presence of novel materials, like plastics.
Applying molecular and genetic methods to trees and their fungal communities
Authors: Müller Markus , Kües Ursula , Budde Katharina B. , Gailing Oliver
Published: March 2023

Forests provide invaluable economic, ecological, and social services. At the same time, they are exposed to several threats, such as fragmentation, changing climatic conditions, or increasingly destructive pests and pathogens. Trees, the inherent species of forests, cannot be viewed as isolated organisms. Manifold (micro)organisms are associated with trees playing a pivotal role in forest ecosystems. Of these organisms, fungi may have the greatest impact on the life of trees. A multitude of molecular and genetic methods are now available to investigate tree species and their associated organisms. Due to their smaller genome sizes compared to tree species, whole genomes of different fungi are routinely compared. Such studies have only recently started in forest tree species. Here, we summarize the application of molecular and genetic methods in forest conservation genetics, tree breeding, and association genetics as well as for the investigation of fungal communities and their interrelated ecological functions. These techniques provide valuable insights into the molecular basis of adaptive traits, the impacts of forest management, and changing environmental conditions on tree species and fungal communities and can enhance tree-breeding cycles due to reduced time for field testing. It becomes clear that there are multifaceted interactions among microbial species as well as between these organisms and trees. We demonstrate the versatility of the different approaches based on case studies on trees and fungi.

Key points

• Current knowledge of genetic methods applied to forest trees and associated fungi.

• Genomic methods are essential in conservation, breeding, management, and research.

• Important role of phytobiomes for trees and their ecosystems.
The emergence of a virus variant: dynamics of a competition model with cross-immunity time-delay validated by wastewater surveillance data for COVID-19
Authors: Pell Bruce , Brozak Samantha , Phan Tin , Wu Fuqing , Kuang Yang
Published: March 2023

We consider the dynamics of a virus spreading through a population that produces a mutant strain with the ability to infect individuals that were infected with the established strain. Temporary cross-immunity is included using a time delay, but is found to be a harmless delay. We provide some sufficient conditions that guarantee local and global asymptotic stability of the disease-free equilibrium and the two boundary equilibria when the two strains outcompete one another. It is shown that, due to the immune evasion of the emerging strain, the reproduction number of the emerging strain must be significantly lower than that of the established strain for the local stability of the established-strain-only boundary equilibrium. To analyze the unique coexistence equilibrium we apply a quasi steady-state argument to reduce the full model to a two-dimensional one that exhibits a global asymptotically stable established-strain-only equilibrium or global asymptotically stable coexistence equilibrium. Our results indicate that the basic reproduction numbers of both strains govern the overall dynamics, but in nontrivial ways due to the inclusion of cross-immunity. The model is applied to study the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in the presence of the Alpha variant using wastewater surveillance data from the Deer Island Treatment Plant in Massachusetts, USA.
Dual-energy CT kidney stone characterization—can diagnostic accuracy be achieved at low radiation dose?
Authors: Euler André , Wullschleger Sara , Sartoretti Thomas , Müller Daniel , Keller Etienne Xavier , Lavrek Dejan , Donati Olivio
Published: March 2023

Objectives

To assess the accuracy of low-dose dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) to differentiate uric acid from non-uric acid kidney stones in two generations of dual-source DECT with stone composition analysis as the reference standard.

Methods

Patients who received a low-dose unenhanced DECT for the detection or follow-up of urolithiasis and stone extraction with stone composition analysis between January 2020 and January 2022 were retrospectively included. Collected stones were characterized using X-ray diffraction. Size, volume, CT attenuation, and stone characterization were assessed using DECT post-processing software. Characterization as uric acid or non-uric acid stones was compared to stone composition analysis as the reference standard. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of stone classification were computed. Dose length product (DLP) and effective dose served as radiation dose estimates.

Results

A total of 227 stones in 203 patients were analyzed. Stone composition analysis identified 15 uric acid and 212 non-uric acid stones. Mean size and volume were 4.7 mm × 2.8 mm and 114 mm3, respectively. CT attenuation of uric acid stones was significantly lower as compared to non-uric acid stones (p < 0.001). Two hundred twenty-five of 227 kidney stones were correctly classified by DECT. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 1.0 (95%CI: 0.97, 1.00), 0.93 (95%CI: 0.68, 1.00), and 0.99 (95%CI: 0.97, 1.00), respectively. Eighty-two of 84 stones with a diameter of  ≤ 3 mm were correctly classified. Mean DLP was 162 ± 57 mGy*cm and effective dose was 2.43 ± 0.86 mSv.

Conclusions

Low-dose dual-source DECT demonstrated high accuracy to discriminate uric acid from non-uric acid stones even at small stone sizes.

Key Points

• Two hundred twenty-five of 227 stones were correctly classified as uric acid vs. non-uric acid stones by low-dose dual-energy CT with stone composition analysis as the reference standard.

• Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for stone characterization were 1.0, 0.93, and 0.99, respectively.

• Low-dose dual-energy CT for stone characterization was feasible in the majority of small stones  < 3 mm.
Surgical resection margin for T3–T4 primary acral melanoma: a multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sun Wei , Xu Yu , Qu XingLong , Jin YongJia , Wang ChunMeng , Yan WangJun , Chen Yong
Published: March 2023

Although the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines include clear recommendations for the appropriate resection margins in non-acral cutaneous melanoma, the required margin for acral melanoma is controversial. In this retrospective study, we aimed to investigate whether narrow-margin excision is warranted for thick acral melanoma. Records from 277 melanoma patients with stage T3–T4 disease who underwent radical surgery in three centers in China from September 2010 to October 2018 were reviewed. Clinicopathologic data, including age, gender, excision margin (1–2 cm versus ≥ 2 cm), Clark level, Breslow thickness, ulceration, N stage and adjuvant therapy, were included for survival analysis. The patients were followed up until death or March 31, 2021. Log-rank and Cox regression analyses were used to identify prognostic factors for overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and local and in-transit recurrence-free survival (LITRFS). Among all enrolled patients, 207 (74.7%) had acral melanoma, and 70 (25.3%) had non-acral cutaneous melanoma. No significant difference in baseline characteristics was identified between non-acral and acral melanoma, except for age (p = 0.004), gender (p = 0.009) and ulceration (p = 0.048). In non-acral melanoma, a resection margin of 1–2 cm was a poor independent prognostic factor for OS [p = 0.015; hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI), 0.26 (0.009–0.77)] and LITRFS [p = 0.013; HR (95% CI), 0.19 (0.05–0.71)] but not for DFS [p = 0.143; HR (95% CI), 0.51 (0.21–1.25)]. Forty-three (20.8%) patients in the acral melanoma group had a 1–2-cm resection margin. The resection margin was not correlated with patients’ OS (p = 0.196 by log-rank analysis, p = 0.865 by multivariate survival analysis), DFS (p = 0.080 by log-rank analysis, p = 0.758 by multivariate survival analysis) or LITRFS (p = 0.354 by log-rank analysis) in acral melanoma. As recommended in the NCCN guidelines, a resection margin ≥ 2 cm is required for non-acral cutaneous melanoma. Meanwhile, a narrow resection margin (1–2 cm) may be safe for patients with acral melanoma.
Conventional methods to prescribe exercise intensity are ineffective for exhaustive interval training
Authors: Bossi Arthur Henrique , Cole Diana , Passfield Louis , Hopker James
Published: March 2023

Purpose

To compare methods of relative intensity prescription for their ability to normalise performance (i.e., time to exhaustion), physiological, and perceptual responses to high-intensity interval training (HIIT) between individuals.

Methods

Sixteen male and two female cyclists (age: 38 ± 11 years, height: 177 ± 7 cm, body mass: 71.6 ± 7.9 kg, maximal oxygen uptake ($$ \dot{\text{V}} $$

V
˙

O2max): 54.3 ± 8.9 ml·kg−1 min−1) initially undertook an incremental test to exhaustion, a 3 min all-out test, and a 20 min time-trial to determine prescription benchmarks. Then, four HIIT sessions (4 min on, 2 min off) were each performed to exhaustion at: the work rate associated with the gas exchange threshold ($$ \dot{\text{W}} $$

W
˙

GET) plus 70% of the difference between $$ \dot{\text{W}} $$

W
˙

GET and the work rate associated with $$ \dot{\text{V}} $$

V
˙

O2max; 85% of the maximal work rate of the incremental test (85%$$ \dot{\text{W}} $$

W
˙

max); 120% of the mean work rate of the 20 min time-trial (120%TT); and the work rate predicted to expend, in 4 min, 80% of the work capacity above critical power. Acute HIIT responses were modelled with participant as a random effect to provide estimates of inter-individual variability.

Results

For all dependent variables, the magnitude of inter-individual variability was high, and confidence intervals overlapped substantially, indicating that the relative intensity normalisation methods were similarly poor. Inter-individual coefficients of variation for time to exhaustion varied from 44.2% (85%$$ \dot{\text{W}} $$

W
˙

max) to 59.1% (120%TT), making it difficult to predict acute HIIT responses for an individual.

Conclusion

The present study suggests that the methods of intensity prescription investigated do not normalise acute responses to HIIT between individuals.
A spectral problem for the Laplacian in joined thin films
Authors: Gaudiello Antonio , Gómez Delfina , Pérez-Martínez Maria-Eugenia
Published: March 2023

We consider a 3d multi-structure composed of two joined perpendicular thin films: a vertical one with small thickness $$h^a_n$$

h
n
a

and a horizontal one with small thickness $$h^b_n$$

h
n
b

. We study the asymptotic behavior, as $$h^a_n$$

h
n
a

and $$h^b_n$$

h
n
b

tend to zero, of an eigenvalue problem for the Laplacian defined on this multi-structure. We shall prove that the limit problem depends on the value $$q=\displaystyle {\lim _n\dfrac{h^b_n}{h^a_n}.}$$

q
=

lim
n

h
n
b

h
n
a

.

Precisely, we pinpoint three different limit regimes according to q belonging to $$]0,+\infty [$$

]
0
,
+
∞
[

, q equal to $$+\infty $$

+
∞

, or q equal to 0. We identify the limit problems and we also obtain $$H^1$$

H
1

-strong convergence results.
Higher tax and less work: reverse “Keep up with the Joneses” and rising inequality
Authors: FitzRoy Felix , Jin Jim , Nolan Michael
Published: March 2023

To counteract excessive effort due to relative income comparison among identical agents, the literature suggests a tax response equal to the negative externality. Assuming a general income distribution, we show that an optimal tax must be higher under a general social welfare function, to not only reduce inefficiency but also inequality. We recommend a practical tax response to stronger comparison – to hold employment constant, which does not require unrealistic information including unobservable comparison. Surprisingly, the tax response will dominate the comparison effect and reduce labour supply or reverse “keeping up with the Joneses” on intensive margins, and also reverse the otherwise rising inequality.
A camera trapping method for the targeted capture of Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) tails for individual scale pattern recognition
Authors: Dytkowicz Margarete , Hinds Rachel , Megill William M. , Buttschardt Tillmann K. , Rosell Frank
Published: March 2023

Camera traps are commonly used to monitor and study wild animals in their natural habitat, with minimal disturbance. Several investigations have shown that the natural markings of animals for some species can be used for individual recognition. However, most commercially available cameras are unable to obtain photos of sufficient quality to highlight these features. Our study further exemplifies the use of applying an external lens to a camera, to obtain higher quality images. We tested various lenses and their ability to record the scale patterns on Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) tails, for individual identification. We tested eleven different commercially available camera trap models, across six different beaver territories in the Districts of Kleve and Wesel (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany). The use of an external lens, attached to the camera, produced the best quality pictures for reliable identification of individual beavers based on the scale patterns on their tales. These results further exemplify the application of external lenses for improving image quality for individual recognition which has potential applications for other species.
Representation Stability and Finite Orthogonal Groups
Authors: Kannan Arun S. , Wang Zifan
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we prove homological stability results about orthogonal groups over finite commutative rings where 2 is a unit. Inspired by Putman and Sam (2017), we construct a category OrI(R) and prove a local Noetherianity theorem for the category of OrI(R)-modules. This implies an asymptotic structure theorem for orthogonal groups. In addition, we show general homological stability theorems for orthogonal groups, with both untwisted and twisted coefficients.
A Qualitative Investigation of Preparedness for the Launch of 988: Implications for the Continuum of Emergency Mental Health Care
Authors: Brooks Holliday Stephanie , Matthews Samantha , Bialas Armenda , McBain Ryan K. , Cantor Jonathan H. , Eberhart Nicole , Breslau Joshua
Published: March 2023

On July 16, 2022, the 988 mental health crisis hotline launched nationwide. In addition to preparing for an increase in call volume, many jurisdictions used the launch of 988 as an opportunity to examine their full continuum of emergency mental health care. Our goal was to understand the characteristics of jurisdictions’ existing continuums of care, identify factors that distinguished jurisdictions that were more- versus less-prepared for 988, and explore perceived strengths and limitations of the planning process. We conducted 15 qualitative interviews with state and local mental health program directors representing 10 states based on their preparedness for the 988 rollout. Interviews focused on 988 call centers, mobile crisis response, and crisis stabilization, as well as strengths and limitations of the 988 planning process. Data were analyzed using rapid qualitative analysis, an approach designed to draw insights on evolving processes and extract actionable findings. Interviewees from jurisdictions that reported that they were more-prepared for the launch of 988 tended to have local 988 call centers and already had local access to mobile crisis teams and crisis stabilization units. Interviewees across jurisdictions described challenges to offering a robust continuum of crisis services, including workforce shortages and geographic constraints. Though jurisdictions acknowledged the importance of integrating peer support staff and serving diverse populations, many perceived room for growth in these areas. Though 988 has launched, efforts to bolster the existing continuum will continue and hinge on efforts to expand the behavioral health workforce, engage diverse partners, and collect relevant data.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Rapid Onset Gender Dysphoria: Parent Reports on 1655 Possible Cases
Authors: Diaz Suzanna , Bailey J. Michael
Published: March 2023

During the past decade there has been a dramatic increase in adolescents and young adults (AYA) complaining of gender dysphoria. One influential if controversial explanation is that the increase reflects a socially contagious syndrome: Rapid Onset Gender Dysphoria (ROGD). We report results from a survey of parents who contacted the website ParentsofROGDKids.com because they believed their AYA children had ROGD. Results focused on 1655 AYA children whose gender dysphoria reportedly began between ages 11 and 21 years, inclusive. These youths were disproportionately (75%) natal female. Natal males had later onset (by 1.9 years) than females, and they were much less likely to have taken steps toward social gender transition (65.7% for females versus 28.6% for males). Pre-existing mental health issues were common, and youths with these issues were more likely than those without them to have socially and medically transitioned. Parents reported that they had often felt pressured by clinicians to affirm their AYA child’s new gender and support their transition. According to the parents, AYA children’s mental health deteriorated considerably after social transition. We discuss potential biases of survey responses from this sample and conclude that there is presently no reason to believe that reports of parents who support gender transition are more accurate than those who oppose transition. To resolve controversies regarding ROGD, it is desirable that future research includes data provided by both pro- and anti-transition parents, as well as their gender dysphoric AYA children.
Revealing the atmospheres of highly irradiated exoplanets: from ultra-hot Jupiters to rocky worlds
Authors: Mansfield Megan
Published: March 2023

Spectroscopy of transiting exoplanets has revealed a wealth of information about their atmospheric compositions and thermal structures. In particular, studies of highly irradiated exoplanets at temperatures much higher than those found in our solar system have provided detailed information on planetary chemistry and physics because of the high level of precision which can be obtained from such observations. Here we use a variety of techniques to study the atmospheres of highly irradiated transiting exoplanets and address three large, open questions in exoplanet atmosphere spectroscopy. First, we use secondary eclipse and phase curve observations to investigate the thermal structures and heat redistribution of ultra-hot Jupiters, the hottest known exoplanets. We demonstrate how these planets form an unique class of objects influenced by high-temperature chemical effects such as molecular dissociation and H− opacity. Second, we use observations of helium in the upper atmosphere of the exo-Neptune HAT-P-11b to probe atmospheric escape processes. Third, we develop tools to interpret JWST observations of highly irradiated exoplanets, including a data analysis pipeline to perform eclipse mapping of hot Jupiters and a method to infer albedos of and detect atmospheres on hot, terrestrial planets. Finally, we discuss remaining open questions in the field of highly irradiated exoplanets and opportunities to advance our understanding of these unique bodies in the coming years.
Migratory behavior of aggregating male Tiger Grouper (Mycteroperca tigris) in Little Cayman, Cayman Islands
Authors: Sleugh Toni , McCoy Croy M. , Pattengill-Semmens Christy V. , Johnson Bradley C. , Heppell Scott A. , Waterhouse Lynn , Stock Brian C. , Semmens Brice X.
Published: March 2023

Tiger Grouper (Mycteroperca tigris) form fish spawning aggregations (FSAs) around the winter full moons (typically January through April) in the Caribbean. Males defend territories to attract mates in a lek-like reproductive strategy. Prior studies have documented rapid declines in populations with FSA-associated fisheries. This study examines the migratory behavior of adult male Tiger Grouper in Little Cayman, Cayman Islands, to better understand the impacts of aggregation fishing. As part of the Grouper Moon Project, we acoustically tagged ten spawning male Tiger Grouper at the western end of Little Cayman in February 2015. Using a hydrophone array surrounding the island, we tracked the movements of the tagged fish for 13 months. We observed 3 migratory strategies: resident fish (n = 2) that live at the FSA site, neighboring fish (n = 5) that live within 4 km of the site, and commuter fish (n = 3) that travel over 4 km for spawning. Fish began aggregating 2 days before the full moon and left 10–12 days after the full moon, from January to May. Regardless of migratory strategy, all tagged fish that aggregated after February 2015 returned to the west end FSA. However, in January 2016, one fish appeared to attend a different FSA closer to its presumed home territory. Tiger Grouper may establish multiple FSAs around Little Cayman, and males appear to attend FSAs near their home territories. Protracted spawning seasons, FSA site infidelity, and putative FSA catchments should all be considered to ensure sustainable fisheries management for this important species.
Optimizing multi-environment testing in potato breeding: using heritability estimates to determine number of replications, sites, and years for field trials
Authors: Ortiz Rodomiro , Reslow Fredrik , Huicho José , Vetukuri Ramesh R. , Crossa José
Published: March 2023

Multi-environment trials (METs) of potato breeding clones and cultivars allow to precisely determine their performance across testing sites over years. However, these METs may be affected by the genotype × environment interaction (GEI) as noted in tuber yield. Furthermore, trials are replicated several times to optimize the predictive value of the data collected because knowledge on spatial and temporal variability of testing environments is often lacking. Hence, the objectives of this research were to use components of variance from METs to estimate broad sense heritability (H2) based on best linear unbiased predictors and use these estimates to determine the optimum number of sites, years, and replications for testing potato breeding clones along with cultivars. The data were taken from METs in southern and northern Sweden comprising up to 256 breeding clones and cultivars that underwent testing using a simple lattice design of 10-plant plots across three sites over 2 years. Percentage starch in the tuber flesh had the largest H2 in each testing environment (0.850–0.976) or across testing environments (0.905–0.921). Total tuber weight per plot also exhibited high H2 (0.720–0.919) in each testing environment or across them (0.726–0.852), despite a significant GEI. Reducing sugar content in the tuber flesh had the lowest, but still medium H2 (0.426–0.883 in each testing environment; 0.718–0.818 across testing environments). The H2 estimates were smaller when their variance components were disaggregated by year and site, instead of lumping them as environments. Simulating H2 with genetic, site, year, site × year, genetic × site, genetic × year, genetic × site × year, and residual variance components led to establish that two replicates at each of two sites in 2-year trials will suffice for testing tuber yield, starch and reducing sugars. This article provides a methodology to optimize the number of testing size and years for METs of potato breeding materials, as well as tabulated information for choosing the appropriate number of trials in same target population of environments.
Photo-Seebeck measurement of Bi-doped amorphous germanium telluride oxide film
Authors: Gholizadeh A. Baset , Byrne Conor , Walton Alex S. , Smith Richard , England Jonathan , Craig Christopher , Hewak Dan , Curry Richard J.
Published: March 2023

Seebeck measurements of n-type amorphous germanium telluride thin films (100 nm) containing oxygen and implanted with Bismuth (Bi) have been studied under dark and monochromatic light conditions from 1800 to 400 nm. The Bi-doped film has a negative Seebeck coefficient indicating its n-type nature that results from the implantation compared to the p-type undoped films. Upon illumination with monochromatic light across the near-infrared and visible region the magnitude of the measured Seebeck voltage increases (becomes more negative). This increase in Seebeck coefficient displays distinctive behaviours in different spectral regions and is caused by the inclusion of Bi ions as foreign impurities. Furthermore, the Seebeck coefficients are used to determine the film electrical properties and enable, along with complementary characterisation including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electronic band diagrams to be proposed for before and after Bi ion implantation. The photo-Seebeck technique is utilised for the first time to probe the trap states created due to the implantation, providing an understanding of the mechanisms behind non-equilibrium carrier-type reversal in an amorphous system, including the modification of electronic and optoelectronic properties such as the optical bandgap.
Application of a Self-developed, Low-budget Indocyanine Green Camera in Surgical Imaging – a Single Institution’s Experiences
Authors: Sandor Zoltan , Ujfalusi Zoltan , Varga Adam
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Indocyanine green is a fluorescent dye, the use of which is becoming more and more widespread in different areas of surgery. Several international studies deal with the dye’s usefulness in intraoperative angiography, the localization of tumors, the more precise identification of anatomical structures, the detection of lymph nodes and lymph ducts, etc. The application of the dye is safe, but a suitable equipment park is required for its use, which entails relatively high costs.

Objectives: The aim of our research is to create a detector system on a low budget, to be used safely in everyday practice and to illustrate its operation with practical examples at our own institute.

Methods: By modifying a web camera, using filter lenses and special LEDs, we created a device suitable for exciting and detecting indocyanine green fluorescence. We prove its excellent versatility during the following procedures at our institute: breast tumor surgery, kidney transplantation, bowel resection, parathyroid surgery and liver tumor resection.

Results: The finished camera has an LED light source with a peak wavelength of 780 nm, and the incoming light is filtered by a bandpass filter with a center wavelength of 832 nm. A low budget ($112), easy-to-use tool was created, which is suitable for taking advantage of the opportunities provided by indocyanine green.
Experiences of Peri-partum Urinary Incontinence from a Women’s and Health Care Perspective: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Moossdorff-Steinhauser Heidi F. A. , Houkes Inge , Berghmans Bary C. M. , Spaanderman Marc E. A. , Bols Esther M. J.
Published: March 2023

Objectives

Urinary incontinence (UI) is highly prevalent peri-partum. To gain more understanding regarding the gap between the prevalence of UI and actual help seeking behaviour of peri-partum women, this study aims to understand, (1) how peri-partum women experience UI and which factors influence these experiences and (2) the perspective of health care professionals on UI during pregnancy, and the first year after childbirth.

Methods

A qualitative approach was used, using semi-structured interviews with adult pregnant and up to 1 year post-partum women and a focus group with health care professionals (HCP’s) involved in the care of pregnant and post-partum women. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.

Results

Six pregnant and seven post-partum women were included. Nearly all of these women expressed to be not, or only slightly bothered by their UI and accept it as a result of pregnancy and/or delivery. They were surprised because they were unaware that UI could be a problem. None of the HCP’s routinely asked about the presence of UI during pregnancy. At the post-natal check at 6 weeks post-partum, UI is still not a standard question for the majority of the gynecologists and registrars in contrast to the midwives.

Conclusions for Practice

The interviewed women with UI during pregnancy and the first year after childbirth were surprised but hardly bothered by their UI and accept it as part of being pregnant or as a result of the delivery. HCP’s do not routinely discuss UI during pregnancy or post-partum.
Income-Nutrition Gradient and Intrahousehold Allocation in Rural Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Haseeb , Khalid Hina
Published: March 2023

Objective

To estimate the relationship between household income and child health outcomes for male and female children, aged 0–5 years, in rural Pakistan.

Method

The study uses 2014 round of Pakistan Rural Household Panel Survey (PRHPS) and regression analyses to estimate the relationship between household income and child health outcomes for male and female children in rural Pakistan.

Results and Policy Implications

We find that increase in income is associated with an increase in child weight-for-age and weight-for-height z-scores, and reduction in the likelihood of a child being underweight or wasted. However, our results suggest that these gains associated with an increase in income are greater for male children as compared to female children. These differences in income-nutrition gradient can be explained by the gender-differences in consumption of health inputs (e.g., food intake, vaccinations, and nutritional supplements) associated with an increase in income. Our results indicate the need for policy instruments that can encourage an equitable resource allocation within households.
Family firm network strategies in regional clusters: evidence from Italy
Authors: Ghinoi Stefano , De Vita Riccardo , Steiner Bodo , Sinatra Alessandro
Published: March 2023

Knowledge networks in regional clusters are fundamental to support innovation and local development. Within clusters, family firms are key in creating business opportunities and supporting the establishment of inter-organizational networks. Yet, their role within regional clusters for knowledge transfers is still not well understood, especially in comparison with non-family firms. This paper applies Exponential Random Graph Models (ERGMs) to network data collected from the Parabiago cluster, one of the most important Italian footwear clusters, to contribute to a better understanding of the network strategies of family firms. We identify distinct network strategies associated with the cluster firms, accounting for different knowledge exchange types: technological, market, and managerial. In our modelling, we control for firm-level attributes and dyadic-level attributes, such as geographical distance and cognitive proximity between cluster firms. Our results suggest that the proneness of family firms to grow networks is highly robust relative to non-family firm relationships, irrespective of knowledge types being exchanged. Moreover, family firms tend to establish connections with other family firms, showing the presence of homophily in their networking approach; however, non-family firms are rather different, since they do not have the same homophilous approach when it comes to exchange knowledge with other non-family firms. These results indicate that the nature of ownership is driving knowledge exchange differences. This key feature of family-only relationships in clusters may help managers and policymakers in devising more effective and targeted cluster strategies.
Court Forms as Part of Online Courts: Elicitation and Communication in the Early Stages of Legal Proceedings
Authors: Grieshofer Tatiana
Published: March 2023

The article explores court forms as an interactive genre essential for legal-lay communication in civil and family proceedings: court forms elicit key information from predominantly lay users for the purposes of court administration and the judiciary. The information presented in court forms defines the agenda and communicative focus of the subsequent hearings and settlement negotiations, and in some instances even the path the proceedings would take. It is thus important to consider court forms in terms of their comprehensibility as well as functionality for eliciting legally coherent narratives and facilitating efficient engagement of lay participants with the proceedings. The case study presented in the article draws on the combination of corpus linguistics and discourse analysis to explore two versions of the court form most frequently used by self-represented parties in England and Wales, ‘Form C100: Apply for a court order to make arrangements for a child or resolve a dispute about their upbringing’. The comparison of the paper form and its redesigned online version identifies the improvements made as part of the digitisation process but also indicates communicative challenges which can prevent the lay person from presenting the relevant information. The discussion provides an opportunity to reflect on the role of language in online courts.
Do I Say or Let it Go? Emotions Predict How People Respond to Receiving Sexual Objectification at Work
Authors: Shepherd Lee , Mouter Olivia , Elsey Vicki , Lovell Brian
Published: March 2023

Many people are reluctant to report sexual objectification at work. We tested whether emotions determine how people respond to sexual objectification at work. In Study 1 (N = 159) women recalled a time that they had experienced sexual objectification at work. Participants then rated their emotions in this situation and how they responded. Anger positively and a shame-based emotion (rejection) negatively predicted taking action against the perpetrator (active response). In contrast, shame positively predicted women blaming themselves (self-blame). Moreover, pride positively and anger negatively predicted women viewing the action positively (e.g., as flattering, benign response). In Study 2 (N = 135) women imagined themselves receiving either a highly objectifying or ambiguous comment at work. Being objectified increased negative emotions and decreased pride. Moral outrage (i.e., anger and disgust) positively whilst shame-based emotions negatively predicted active responding. Shame-based emotions positively predicted self-blame, whilst pride positively and anger negatively predicted benign responding. Therefore, emotions determine how people respond to sexual objectification at work. Promoting moral outrage and reducing other emotions (e.g., shame, fear, and pride) may make women (a) more willing to report sexual objectification at work and (b) less likely to blame themselves or view such actions positively (i.e., benign responses).