bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Character-Level Text Generation for Shakespearean Style with LSTMs
Authors: Pathak Lakshin , Lochab Kajal , Gidwani Veena
Published: September 2024

This paper presents a pioneering approach to text generation employing Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) architecture, inspired by the rich and timeless prose of William Shakespeare. The motivation stems from the enduring allure of Shakespearean language, which has captivated audiences across centuries, and the challenge of replicating itsintricate style using modern computational techniques. Our research contributes a novel methodology that leverages the capabilities of RNN LSTM networks to emulate the linguistic nuances of Shakespeare with remarkable fidelity. The paper begins by providing a comprehensive overview of RNN LSTM networks, highlighting their suitability for sequential data processing tasks and their ability to capture long-rangedependencies. A review of related work in the field sets the stage for our proposed approach, shedding light on recent advancements and methodologies employed in text generation using similar techniques. We formulate the problem by defining the mathematical framework, optimization objectives, and evaluation metrics for our proposed model. The architecture consists of three layers: the data layer for preprocessing input text data, the intelligence layer comprising multiple LSTM units for capturing different aspects of Shakespearean language, and the application layer for generating output text based on learned representations. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, with evaluations conducted on a corpus of Shakespearean texts.In conclusion, our research presents a significant advancement in the field of natural language generation, opening new avenues for exploring the intersection of literature and artificial intelligence.
Exploring of Bacterial Pigments from Thamirabarani River Alluvial Soil: Harnessing their Versatility in Dye and Paint Manufacturing
Authors: S Ranjana.
Published: September 2024

Color is a fundamental aspect of human life, playing a vital role in culture and industry. The paints and coatings industry, a significant sector within global manufacturing, has seen increased scrutiny due to its environmental and health impacts. Conventional paints contain harmful chemicals like volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and solvents, which pose risks to both workers and the environment. Recent shifts towards natural and bio-based pigments, particularly those derived from microorganisms, offer a promising alternative. Microbial pigments, such as those produced by chromogenic bacteria, provide eco-friendly, non-toxic colorants with additional benefits like antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. This review highlights the potential of bacterial pigments in various applications, particularly in the textile industry as natural dyes, and discusses their role in reducing the environmental footprint of synthetic pigments. The study also emphasizes the importance of further research into improving the production and stability of these bio- pigments for broader commercial use in industries such as food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.
Strengthening of RC Beam with GFRP Composites in Shear N. B. Bhopale
Authors: Bhopale N. B. , Manjarekar A.S.
Published: September 2024

The rehabilitation, repair and strengthening of existing reinforced concrete (RC) structures is essential due to factors such as aging, steel reinforcement corrosion, construction/design defects, increased service loads demand, seismic events, and advancements in design guidelines. Fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) are now being recognized as a promising material for the rehabilitation of such structures, through strengthening or repairing. In buildings and bridges, RC sections are commonly found in the form of beams and girders. Shear failure of RC beams is particularly due to its sudden occurrence without warning. Therefore, the utilization of externally bonded (EB) FRP composites for shear strengthening of RC beams has gathered popularity as a structural enhancement technique, primarily due to advantages of FRP composites, such as high strength-to- weight ratio and exceptional corrosion resistance. In addition, FRP repair systems give a cost-saving choice to traditional repair methods and materials. A study was performed to analyse the shear characteristics of RC beams enhanced with continuous glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) sheets. Reinforced concrete beams externally bonded GFRP sheets subjected to failure using a symmetrical two-point concentrated static loading system. The experimental data obtained included load, deflection, and failure modes of each beam, along with the effect of the number of GFRP layers on the beams The failures observed in strengthened beams typically commence with the debonding of the FRP sheets, followed by brittle shear failure. The shear capacities of these beams were higher than that of the control beam.
Astrometry and Precise Radial Velocities Yield a Complete Orbital Solution for the Nearby Eccentric Brown Dwarf LHS 1610 b
Authors: Fitzmaurice Evan , Stefánsson Guđmundur , Kavanagh Robert D. , Mahadevan Suvrath , Cañas Caleb I. , Winn Joshua N. , Robertson Paul , Ninan Joe P. , Albrecht Simon , Callingham J. R. , Cochran William D. , Delamer Megan , Ford Eric B. , Kanodia Shubham , Lin Andrea S. J. , Marcussen Marcus L. , Pope Benjamin J. S. , Ramsey Lawrence W. , Roy Arpita , Vedantham Harish , Wright Jason T.
Published: September 2024

The LHS 1610 system consists of a nearby (d = 9.7 pc) M5 dwarf hosting a candidate brown dwarf companion in a 10.6 days, eccentric (e ∼ 0.37) orbit. We confirm this brown dwarf designation and estimate its mass (

49.5

−
3.5

+
4.3

M
Jup) and inclination (114.5°

−
10.0

+
7.4

) by combining discovery radial velocities (RVs) from the Tillinghast Reflector Echelle Spectrograph and new RVs from the Habitable-zone Planet Finder with the available Gaia astrometric two-body solution. We highlight a discrepancy between the measurement of the eccentricity from the Gaia two-body solution (e = 0.52 ± 0.03) and the RV-only solution (e = 0.3702 ± 0.0003). We discuss possible reasons for this discrepancy, which can be further probed when the Gaia astrometric time series become available as part of Gaia Data Release 4. As a nearby mid-M star hosting a massive short-period companion with a well-characterized orbit, LHS 1610 b is a promising target to look for evidence of sub-Alfvénic interactions and/or auroral emission at optical and radio wavelengths. LHS 1610 has a flare rate (0.28 ± 0.07 flares per day) on the higher end for its rotation period (84 ± 8 days), similar to other mid-M dwarf systems such as Proxima Cen and YZ Ceti that have recent radio detections compatible with star–planet interactions. While available Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite photometry is insufficient to determine an orbital phase dependence of the flares, our complete orbital characterization of this system makes it attractive to probe star–companion interactions with additional photometric and radio observations.
pop-cosmos: A Comprehensive Picture of the Galaxy Population from COSMOS Data
Authors: Alsing Justin , Thorp Stephen , Deger Sinan , Peiris Hiranya V. , Leistedt Boris , Mortlock Daniel , Leja Joel
Published: September 2024

We present pop-cosmos: a comprehensive model characterizing the galaxy population, calibrated to 140,938 (r < 25 selected) galaxies from the Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS) with photometry in 26 bands from the ultraviolet to the infrared. We construct a detailed forward model for the COSMOS data, comprising: a population model describing the joint distribution of galaxy characteristics and its evolution (parameterized by a flexible score-based diffusion model); a state-of-the-art stellar population synthesis model connecting galaxies’ intrinsic properties to their photometry; and a data model for the observation, calibration, and selection processes. By minimizing the optimal transport distance between synthetic and real data, we are able to jointly fit the population and data models, leading to robustly calibrated population-level inferences that account for parameter degeneracies, photometric noise and calibration, and selection. We present a number of key predictions from our model of interest for cosmology and galaxy evolution, including the mass function and redshift distribution; the mass–metallicity-redshift and fundamental metallicity relations; the star-forming sequence; the relation between dust attenuation and stellar mass, star formation rate, and attenuation-law index; and the relation between gas-ionization and star formation. Our model encodes a comprehensive picture of galaxy evolution that faithfully predicts galaxy colors across a broad redshift (z < 4) and wavelength range.
Phylogeny of the Chinese species groups of the subgenus Homoneura Wulp, 1891 (Diptera, Lauxaniidae, Homoneurinae) based on morphological characters
Authors: Yao Yao , Kong Chaoyang , Miao Pu , Zhao Shengjuan , Li Wenliang
Published: September 2024

The subgenus Homoneura Wulp, 1891 (Diptera, Lauxaniidae, Homoneurinae) is highly diverse with more than 220 species known from China, representing more than 80% of the Chinese genus Homoneura Wulp, 1891. These species were assigned into 21 species groups in studies mainly focusing on the classification and description of species. The phylogenetic relationships of each subgenus of Homoneura and the phylogenetic relationship of the species groups are still not well understood. We investigated the male morphology to provide the basis to further revise the species groups of this subgenus. In this survey, 230 species were examined and 117 morphological characters obtained, a phylogenetic analysis was conducted using the maximum parsimony analysis with TNT and WinClada. The analyses yielded 45 most parsimonious trees and one strict consensus tree. A phylogenetic hypothesis is proposed dividing the subgenus Homoneura into 12 species groups: H. (H.) nigrifacies, H. (H.) pallida, H. (H.) patella, H. (H.) beckeri, H. (H.) formosae, H. (H.) henanensis, H. (H.) nigra, H. (H.) notostigma, H. (H.) ornatifrons, and H. (H.) trispina, H. (H.) laticosta, and H. (H.) quinquenotata. This research provides valuable contributions towards a better understanding of the phylogenetic relationships within the subgenus Homoneura. However, the monophyly of the genus and subgenus was not supported.
Clinical applications of forced oscillation technique (FOT) for diagnosis and management of obstructive lung diseases in children
Authors: Stoimenova Plamena , Mandadzhieva Stoilka , Marinov Blagoi
Published: September 2024

Obstructive lung diseases such as bronchial asthma, COPD, and cystic fibrosis are a burden on many patients across the globe. Spirometry is considered the gold standard for diagnosing airflow obstruction, but it can be difficult for pediatric patients to do and requires a lot of effort. As a result, healthcare providers need new, effortless methods to diagnose airway obstructions, particularly in young children and individuals unable to perform the spirometry maneuver. The forced oscillation technique is a modern method requiring only tidal breathing combined with the application of external, source of low-amplitude oscillations to evaluate the respiratory system’s response. It might be essential for identifying early respiratory changes caused by smoking, childhood asthma, and may prove more sensitive than spirometry in identifying peripheral airway disturbances or evaluating the long-term success of therapy. This review describes the methodology and the indications for the forced oscillation technique and outlines its relevance in clinical practice.
Ecosystem Accounting for Marine-Based Tourism provided by Posidonia oceanica in Italy
Authors: Bartolini Alice , Di Gennaro* Valentina , Reas Vittoria , Mascolo Rosa Anna , La Notte Alessandra , Capriolo Alessio , Ferrini Silvia
Published: September 2024

This work presents the first ecosystem accounts for Marine-Based Tourism (MBT) in Italy. We develop a methodological approach to connect biophysical and economic information required to fill ecosystem accounting supply and use tables. Coherent with the System of Environmental Economic Accounting – Ecosystem Accounting (SEEA EA) framework, this approach starts by estimating the extent and the condition of marine ecosystems, showing the urgency in improving the availability, organisation and accessibility of biophysical data. This work provides valuable insights into understanding MBT from an ecosystem accounting perspective. We focus on the Posidonia oceanica and its role in the MBT sector in Italy, providing a physical quantification of such contribution and converting this flow into monetary terms. Our findings show that such habitat significantly contributes to the tourism sector, resulting in exchange values of MBT of €6 million in 2019 and €3.7 million in 2021.
Local well-posedness results for the nonlinear fractional diffusion equation involving a Erdélyi-Kober operator
Authors: Fan Wei , Zhang Kangqun
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we study an initial boundary value problem of a nonlinear fractional diffusion equation with the Caputo-type modification of the Erdélyi-Kober fractional derivative. The main tools are the Picard-iteration method, fixed point principle, Mittag-Leffler function, and the embedding theorem between Hilbert scales spaces and Lebesgue spaces. Through careful analysis and precise calculations, the priori estimates of the solution and the smooth effects of the Erdélyi-Kober operator are demonstrated, and then the local existence, uniqueness, and stability of the solution of the nonlinear fractional diffusion equation are established, where the nonlinear source function satisfies the Lipschitz condition or has a gradient nonlinearity.
Rumor model on social networks contemplating self-awareness and saturated transmission rate
Authors: Wang Hui , Yu Shuzhen , Jiang Haijun
Published: September 2024

The propagation of rumors indisputably inflicts profound negative impacts on society and individuals. This article introduces a new unaware ignorants-aware ignorants-spreaders-recovereds $ (2ISR) $ rumor spreading model that combines individual vigilance self-awareness with nonlinear spreading rate. Initially, the positivity of the system solutions and the existence of its positive invariant set are rigorously proved, and the rumor propagation threshold is solved using the next-generation matrix method. Next, a comprehensive analysis is conducted on the existence of equilibrium points of the system and the occurrence of backward bifurcation. Afterward, the stability of the system is validated at both the rumor-free equilibrium and the rumor equilibrium, employing the Jacobian matrix approach as well as the Lyapunov stability theory. To enhance the efficacy of rumor propagation management, a targeted optimal control strategy is formulated, drawing upon the Pontryagin's Maximum principle as a guiding framework. Finally, through sensitivity analyses, numerical simulations, and tests of real cases, we verify the reliability of the theoretical results and further consolidate the solid foundation of the above theoretical arguments.
On positive definite solutions of the matrix equation $ X-\sum_{i = 1}^{m}A_{i}^{\ast}X^{-p_{i}}A_{i} = Q $
Authors: Li Changzhou , Yuan Chao , Chen Shiliang
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we used the outstanding properties of the Thompson metric to conclusively demonstrate the existence of a unique positive definite solution for the nonlinear matrix equation $ X-\sum_{i = 1}^{m}A_{i}^{\ast}X^{-p_{i}}A_{i} = Q $ without any additional assumptions. Furthermore, we designed an iterative algorithm to compute this unique positive definite solution, and derive its corresponding error estimate formula. Additionally, we presented three refined existence intervals for positive definite solutions of this equation. Finally, numerical examples were employed to validate the practicability of our iterative algorithm.
Identification and virulence gene characterization of pathogenic bacteria from diseased Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822): Insight into aquatic animal health management in Indian aquaculture
Authors: Pakhira Abhijit , Paria Prasenjit , Malakar Biswanath , Devi Manoharmayum Shaya , Kumar Vikash , Das Basanta Kumar , Samanta Asim Kumar , Chakrabarti Santanu , Behera Bijay Kumar
Published: September 2024

Aquaculture is one of the major economic activities in India, providing livelihoods and nutritional security to millions of people. In recent times, fish diseases have come to the limelight resulting in significant economic losses. We aimed to identify pathogenicity and virulence profiling of thirty-six pathogenic bacterial strains isolated from diseased Labeo rohita in the district of Hooghly, West Bengal, India. The bacterial strains were characterized through a comprehensive approach involving the examination of morphological features, biochemical properties, amplification, and sequencing of the 16S rRNA, species-specific genes, and virulence genes. Considering the prevalence frequency, virulence potential, and statistical significance Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were selected for a survival assay followed by the examination of histopathological features to elucidate their effects. The identified bacterial isolates were arranged based on their predominance frequency, i.e., Aeromonas hydrophila (25%), Aeromonas veronii (22%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (22%), Enterococcus faecalis (14%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (6%), Staphylococcus aureus (6%) and Escherichia coli (5%). Sixteen virulence-associated genes related to pathogenicity were amplified across the thirty-six isolates; aer, alt, lip and hlyA for A. hydrophila; exoS, lasB, toxA, oprL and phzM for P. aeruginosa; entB, fimH and uge in K. pneumoniae; aer in A. veronii; hlyA in E. coli; hlb in S. aureus and gelE for E. faecalis. The log-probit analysis revealed that A. hydrophila was notably more pathogenic than P. aeruginosa, as indicated by its lower lethal dose of 1.5×104 CFU/mL. Additionally, histological examination revealed notable pathological changes, including tissue degeneration, inflammatory cell infiltration and vacuolation observed in the liver, kidney, gill and intestine of the challenged fish. We highlighted several potent aquatic microbial pathogens in order to manage and prevent such aquacultural maladies.
Optimal policy for control of epidemics with constrained time intervals and region-based interactions
Authors: Li Xia , Bertozzi Andrea L. , Brantingham P. Jeffrey , Vorobeychik Yevgeniy
Published: September 2024

We introduce a policy model coupled with the susceptible–infected- recovered (SIR) epidemic model to study interactions between policy-making and the dynamics of epidemics. We considered both single-region policies as well as game-theoretic models involving interactions among several regions and hierarchical interactions among policy-makers modeled as multi-layer games. We assumed that the policy functions are piece-wise constant with a minimum time interval for each policy stage, considering that policies cannot change frequently in time or be easily followed. The optimal policy was obtained by minimizing a cost function that consists of an implementation cost, an impact cost, and, in the case of multi-layer games, a non-compliance cost. We show, in a case study of COVID-19 in France, that when the cost function is reduced to the impact cost and parameterized as the final epidemic size, the solution approximates that of the optimal control in Bliman et al, (2021) for a sufficiently small minimum policy time interval. For a larger time interval, however, the optimal policy is a step down function, quite different from the step up structure typically deployed during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, we present a counterfactual study of how the pandemic would have evolved if herd immunity was reached during the second wave in the county of Los Angeles, California. Finally, we study a case of three interacting counties with and without a governing state.
Analysis of Vibration Model to Study the Effect of Defect Sizes and Load on Stiffness, Contact Deformation, and Contact Force Variation in Deep Groove Ball Bearing
Authors: Verma Ajay Kumar , Saini Parveen Kumar
Published: September 2024

In this paper, the vibration model has been suggested to study the local defects in the deep groove ball-bearing system. MATLAB is used to solve the equations governing the bearing system to simulate its vibration signals. The vibration model of the deep groove ball bearing system is constructed and takes into account the masses of the housing, balls, races, and shaft in addition to the damping at the ball-race interface and different-sized race defects. The effect of different defect sizes on the measured load distribution has been analyzed and discussed. The contact deformation and load distribution for a fault-free bearing system as well as for faults with βball=50 and 400 circumferential extents are measured and displayed for interpretation. Due to de-stressing and losing all or some of its ability to support a load, the load that a ball placed inside the defect zone previously carried has been split between the balls outside of the defect region. This implies that balls lose all or part of their load-bearing capacity when they are positioned in the defect zone, increasing the static loading on the raceway sections without any defects. Moreover, it is seen that the radial clearance, applied load, and defect shape all significantly affect the load redistribution that follows the loss of load-bearing capacity.
A Novel Approach for Thin 4H-SiC Foil Realization Using Controlled Spalling from a 4H-SiC Wafer
Authors: Wahid Shan Nizam , Leitgeb Markus , Pfusterschmied Georg , Schmid Ulrich
Published: September 2024

Porosifying the surface of a single crystalline silicon carbide (4H-SiC) wafer with the means of metal assisted photo chemical etching (MAPCE) promotes the adhesion of an electroplated nickel (Ni) layer. By utilizing a mechanical peel-off process, a Ni layer with tailored mechanical stress is peeled off such that also a thin layer of 4H-SiC is teared apart from the wafer as well.
Surface Structuring of Patterned 4H-SiC Surfaces Using a SiC/Si/SiC Sandwich Approach
Authors: Jousseaume Yann , Kumar Piyush , Bathen Marianne Etzelmüller , Cauwet François , Grossner Ulrike , Ferro Gabriel
Published: September 2024

Mesa- and trench-patterned surfaces of 4H-SiC(0001) 4°off wafers were structured in macrosteps using Si melting in a SiC-Si-SiC sandwich configuration. Si spreading difficulties were observed in the case of trench-patterned samples while the attempts on mesa-patterned ones were more successful. In the latter case, parallel macrosteps were formed on both the dry-etched and unetched areas though these macrosteps rarely cross the patterns edges. The proposed mechanism involved preferential etching at Si-C bilayer step edges and fast lateral propagation along the [1120] direction.
Application of Advanced Characterization Techniques to SmartSiC™ Product for Substrate-Level Device Performance Optimization
Authors: Drouin Alexis , Simon Roland B. , Radisson Damien , Schwarzenbach Walter , Zielinski Marcin , Guiot Eric , Cela Enrica , Chapelle Audrey , Biard Hugo
Published: September 2024

A review of the specific characterisation techniques developed and customized for SmartSiC™ substrates is given. A focus is made on thermal characterization of this engineered structure as well as its beneficial features with regards to bipolar degradation.
Optimization of Multi-Objective Response of FDM Fabricated PLA Parts with Morphological Investigation on the Effects of 3D Printing Parameters
Authors: Alviar Charles Edward L. , Basilia Blessie A.
Published: September 2024

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a process of generating prototypes or usable parts with minimum amount of material, technology, and time. The forerunner for technology and material for AM are Fused Deposition Method (FDM) and Polylactic Acid (PLA), respectively. There are numerous works in FDM devoted to studying the effect of processing conditions on the part strength. However, no significant effort has been made to develop an understanding of the effects of the nozzle diameter, extrusion temperature, infill percentage, infill pattern, and the number of outer shells in minimizing print time & raw materials without sacrificing significant part strength. This research intends to conduct a multi-objective approach in identifying significant factors that will affect the target response. It was observed that nozzle diameter, wall thickness and infill density are the significant factors that may affect strength, build time and material consumption. In Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) results, it was observed that the more voids seen at fracture would result to lesser strength. Lastly, a regression equation was generated to guide future researchers and end-users in predicting response in consideration of the factors (or parameters) involved in this experiment.
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease in Adults
Authors: Moda Mitsuhiro , Yanagihara Toyoshi , Nakashima Ran , Sumikawa Hiromitsu , Shimizu Shigeki , Arai Toru , Inoue Yoshikazu
Published: September 2024

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are a heterogeneous group of autoimmune diseases characterized by muscle involvement and various extramuscular manifestations. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is one of the most common extramuscular manifestations of IIM and is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. The clinical phenotypes, treatment responses, and prognosis of IIM-ILD are significantly related to myositis-specific antibody (MSA) profiles, with some racial differences. The features associated with MSA in IIM-ILD could also be relevant to cases of ILD where MSA is present but does not meet the criteria for IIM. The anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody is highly associated with rapidly progressive ILD (RP-ILD), especially in Asian populations, and with characteristic cutaneous manifestations, such as skin ulcers. Radiologically, ground-glass opacities, consolidations, and nonsegmental linear opacities were more predominant than reticular opacities and honeycombing. While the mortality rate is still around 30%, the prognosis can be improved with early intensive therapy with corticosteroids and multiple immunosuppressants. In contrast, anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (ARS) antibodies are associated with chronic ILD, although RP-ILD is also common. Patients with anti-ARS antibodies often show lung-predominant presentations, with subtle muscle and skin involvement. Radiologically, reticular opacities, with or without consolidation, are predominant and may progress to honeycombing over time. Combination therapy with corticosteroids and a single immunosuppressant is recommended to prevent relapses, which often lead to a decline in lung function and fatal long-term outcomes. Significant advances in immunology and genetics holds promise for fostering more personalized approaches to managing IIMILD.
Neurotoxicity and PRES after severe citalopram intoxication in a 12-months-old baby
Authors: Minghetti Sara , Lazzerotti Alessandra , Sala Debora , Vimercati Chiara , Giudici Sofia , Florio Santa , Formica Francesca , Zambrano Stefania , Agarwal Nivedita , Peruzzi Cinzia
Published: September 2024

Citalopram intoxications can lead to Serotonin Syndrome (SS) development, characterized by altered mental status, seizures, autonomic instability, hyperthermia and extrapyramidal signs. We review the literature about pediatric acute citalopram intoxications, and we report a case of severe SS in an infant associated to Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) treated with cyproheptadine as an antidote. An adequate12-month-old girl displayed a sudden global neurological regression with hypotonia, prolonged occipital seizures, right hemiparesis and a progressive wakefulness reduction associated with blindness. Plasmatic concentration of citalopram was equal to 3225 ng/mL (50-110 ng/mL). MRI revealed a transient bilateral caudate and putamen hyperintensity, associated to an occipital cortical and subcortical hyperintensity. She was treated with IV cyproheptadine with progressive benefit in few days. Only 4 children with citalopram intoxication are previously described with neurological involvement. Pediatric citalopram intoxication could cause SS leading to PRES, and cyproheptadine could be used with benefit.
Escape rooms: behavioural response of two invasive crayfish species under water decline scenarios
Authors: Ghia Daniela , Fea Gianluca , Ercoli Fabio , Sacchi Roberto
Published: September 2024

Climate change and invasive alien species pose a significant threat to biodiversity and the survival of native species. This study considered the impact of drought conditions on the escape behaviour through terrestrial dispersal ability of two invasive freshwater crayfish species, the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) and signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus). Using an experimental design simulating drought conditions and Mediterranean summer temperatures, we tested the hypothesis that P. clarkii exhibits a greater tendency to terrestrial migration and a higher land-walking speed than the P. leniusculus. The results indicated that both species demonstrated strong escape behaviour, with P. clarkii showing escape success higher than P. leniusculus, and increasing with decreasing mean night temperature and crayfish weight. Although drought conditions did not trigger escape, invasive species showed increased resistance and the ability to move to more favourable environments, suggesting that drought is not an effective geographic barrier against the spread of these species. These results underline the importance of considering invasive species' ability to escape and climb as part of management and control strategies.
Pentecostal leadership disputes in Zimbabwe: A pastoral challenge
Authors: Mundhluri Zephania , Masango Maake J.
Published: September 2024

Conflicts in the Pentecostal church leadership have been growing since time immemorial. However, leadership disputes have become traumatic and tragic in Zimbabwe to the extent that junior pastors are committing suicide and killing each other because of these conflicts. The article uses the practical theological framework to explore the complex intersections of conflict within the Pentecostal church, analysing the various factors and dynamics contributing to these conflicts. This work examines and addresses the ramifications of a leadership conflict within the Apostolic Faith Mission (AFM). The junior pastors, who have been impacted by the leadership dispute, have endured trauma stemming from the ongoing conflict among the church’s prominent leaders, which is the central focus of this study. To better understand the lived experience of trauma among these pastors, a qualitative research design was employed. Through purposeful sampling and face-to-face interviews, participants were given the opportunity to share their narratives of leadership trauma. The result is that junior pastors are internalising the trauma, which is affecting them spiritually, emotionally and physically in ministry. This article proposes a healing methodology utilising the Gerkin and Positive Deconstruction approach.Contribution: This study leverages a practical theological framework to examine the challenges of providing pastoral care for junior ministers who were impacted by leadership disputes within AFM thereby contributing to Pentecostal approaches to care.
I believe in water: A religious perspective on rain and rainmakers
Authors: Beyers Jaco
Published: September 2024

Water has always played a significant role in religions. This contribution seeks to investigate comparatively the figure of the rainmaker as presented in Traditional African religions and biblical texts. The phenomenon of the rainmaker is at the centre of this investigation. In Traditional African religions, the rainmaker is not only a figure controlling rain but also has a substantial social standing. In biblical texts, the rainmaker (of which Samuel and Elijah can be considered as examples), functions more like a prophet without an elite social and political status. Despite the differences in the status of the rainmaker among Traditional African religions and biblical texts, both traditions make it abundantly clear that rain originates with God. God sends or withholds the rain. The figure of the rainmaker as a social leader can today contribute to instilling a sense of using water responsibly and guiding communities in considering climate action to ensure sustainable living on land and water. A sense of concern over the responsible use of water will bind communities together. In this way, water can be a binding factor and stimulating topic-enhancing interreligious dialogue.Contribution: This contribution is a comparative study of the phenomenon of the rainmaker as presented in Traditional African religions and biblical texts. It aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, number 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation); number 13 (Climate Action) and number 15 (Life on Land).
A Classic Case of Scrofula-cervical Tuberculous Lymphadenitis
Authors: Samuel Sneha , Kandwal Rishabh , Paniker Geo John , Sharma Tridev
Published: September 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) is considered a common infection in developing countries and is caused by various strains of mycobacteria, usually Mycobacterium TB. TB remains to be one of the most important health threats. TB can have varied clinical presentations; Pulmonary TB affects the lungs and extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) can affect any part of the body. Cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis (CTL), cervical lymphadenitis, which is also referred to as scrofula is a case of EPTB that most frequently involves the cervical lymph nodes. In our report, a case of a young patient with CTL has been reported. This case’s physical examination, evolution, diagnosis, and treatment have been discussed. Our case exemplifies the potential manifestations of an extrapulmonary tubercular lesion of the posterior pharyngeal wall, demonstrating that mycobacteria can infect practically any human organ. A high index of suspicion is critically required for the diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis as mimics a number of pathological conditions.
Tubercular Osteomyelitis of Calcaneum in an Immunocompetent Adult
Authors: Eppakayala Srikanth , Sathu Sreedhar , Kashyap Adinarayana , Maley Deepak , Kumar Ravi , Lakkireddy Maheshwar
Published: September 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) affecting calcaneum is relatively rare in immunocompetent adults. Due to its nonspecific presentation and the absence of constitutional symptoms of TB, diagnosis is often delayed. The authors present a case of TB of calcaneum in a young male. A 20-year-old male presented with persistent pain and mild swelling of the right heel for 6 months. Upon evaluation with radiographs, a lytic lesion was noted in the posteromedial aspect of the right calcaneum. Magnetic resonance imaging was done and was reported as subacute osteomyelitis with Brodie’s abscess. An open biopsy was performed and the obtained tissue was sent for histopathological examination. Histopathology showed features suggestive of Koch’s etiology. All the microbiological investigations, including polymerase chain reaction for TB were negative. The patient was started on antitubercular therapy (ATT) based on weight. After 4 months of ATT, the patient developed multiple discharging sinuses over a previous open biopsy scar for which repeat debridement was done. After 12 months of ATT, the patient was asymptomatic, and radiologically, the lesion was healed. Early diagnosis and treatment with ATT will prevent massive destruction and collapse of the calcaneal body and further spread into the subtalar joint. Repeated debridements may be needed in case of nonhealing discharging sinuses to decrease the local infection load.
Is Tuberculosis Epidemic Riding upon the Waves of COVID-19 Pandemic? A Time-trend Study from South India
Authors: Revendran Jayamol , Verma Ghanshyam , Jose Jince Ann , Prasana Ruthramoorthy , Kishan Kumar Roopesh , Thanigaiarasu Narayanamoorthy
Published: September 2024

Background:

National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP) activities have decelerated due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Doubt is raising globally on emerging tuberculosis (TB) epidemic related to COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we aim to identify the trends in incidence and patterns of TB during the pandemic (2020–2022).

Methods:

A single-institution retrospective study was conducted. All data including demography, site of involvement, and the time trends of TB cases registered under NTEP between January 2019 and June 2022 at our hospital were retrieved from the prospective register. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0.

Results:

Total 381 cases were registered. The mean age was 43 years (±17). The male: female ratio was 1.2:1. Majority of females (40%) and males (37%) were in the age of 11–30 years and 31–50 years, respectively. The TB cases’ frequency in 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022 (till June) were 38.3% (146), 11.8% (45), 29.4% (112), and 20.5% (78), respectively. The most common site involved was pulmonary (50%) followed by cervical lymph node (19.9%). A significant reduction in TB cases was noted in 2020 during the first wave of COVID-19. The estimated total TB cases in 2022 are similar to pre-COVID-19 year 2019. The ratio of pulmonary versus extrapulmonary TB was 1:1 during 2020.

Conclusions:

We found a significant reduction of TB cases during the first wave of COVID-19, but cases have started to rise again and yet to reach pre-COVID-19 status in 2022. No definite evidence of TB epidemic in the background of COVID-19 pandemic was found. Young females within 11–30 years were found to be more affected and need to be the main focus of TB preventive efforts. COVID-19 pandemic has affected the ratio between extrapulmonary and pulmonary TB significantly.
Age-period-cohort Analysis on Tuberculosis Cases in Japan, 1953–2022
Authors: Ota Masaki , Hirao Susumu , Uchimura Kazuhiro
Published: September 2024

Background:

Age-period-cohort (APC) analysis has been employed to differentiate long-term trends in the incidences of communicable diseases, including tuberculosis (TB), into the effects of age, birth year, and calendar period. However, no such study was hitherto conducted for Japan, which has 70 years of surveillance data. Therefore, we conducted APC analysis for TB in Japan.

Methods:

The national TB data for 1953–2022 were analyzed using the log-transformed linear model of APC analysis.

Results:

Annual age-and sex-standardized notification rates of TB peaked at 599.0 per 100 000 population in 1955 and fell by 99% to 4.5 in 2022. Adjusting for the effects of the birth cohort and period, the relative age-effect risk of TB peaked at 20–29 years and went down toward 60–69 years. Regarding the birth cohort effect, the TB risk showed a turning point in approximately 1913 for the central years of birth. Another change appeared in 1963 when the decline of the risk slightly stagnated; then, it started declining again at a rate as fast as in 1923–1953. Period effects showed a hump in the late 1950s and early 1960s, then sharply declined to the late 1970s, and reached a near plateau level until 2022.

Conclusion:

Our results highlight the continuing peak in TB disease risk for young adults and sharp decrease in disease risk in the 1960s and 70s. The introduction of anti-TB drugs in the 1950s and early 1970s had the most important impact on the epidemiology of TB in Japan.
Retraction Notice: Mapping Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI's) Exciting Future: From Gemini to Q* and Beyond
Authors: Ahktar Zarif Bin
Published: September 2024

The article Mapping Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI's Exciting Future: From Gemini to Q* and Beyond has been retracted at the request of EAI's Research Integrity Committee. The paper is being removed on the grounds of misrepresentation of institutional affiliation and plagiarism.
A Secure Cooperative Image Super-Resolution Transmission with Decode-and-Forward Relaying over Rayleigh Fading Channels
Authors: Phan Ca V. , Vien Quoc-Tuan , Duong Hien-Thuan
Published: September 2024

In addition to susceptibility to performance degradation due to hardware malfunctions and environmental influences, wireless image transmission poses risks of information exposure to eavesdroppers. This paper delves into the image communications within wireless relay networks (WRNs) and proposes a secure cooperative relaying (SCR) protocol over Rayleigh fading channels. In this protocol, a source node (referred to as Alice) transmits superior-resolution (SR) images to a destination node (referred to as Bob) with the assistance of a mediating node (referred to as Relay) operating in decode-and-forward mode, all while contending with the presence of an eavesdropper (referred to as Eve). In order to conserve transmission bandwidth, Alice firstly reduces the size of the original SR images before transmitting them to Relay and Bob. Subsequently, random linear network coding (RLNC) is employed by both Alice and Relay on the downscaled poor-resolution (PR) images to obscure the original images from Eve, thereby bolstering the security of the image communications. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed SCR protocol surpasses both secure relaying transmission without a direct link and secure direct transmission without relaying links. Additionally, a slight reduction in image quality can be achieved by increasing the scaling factor for saving transmission bandwidth. Furthermore, the results highlight the SCR protocol’s superior effectiveness at Bob’s end when compared to Eve’s, which is due to Eve’s lack of access to the RLNC coefficient matrices and reference images utilised by Alice and Relay in the RLNC process. Finally, the evaluation of reference images, relay allocations and diversity reception over Rayleigh fading channels confirms the effectiveness of the SCR protocol for secure image communications in the WRNs.
Features of Assessing Fuel Efficiency and Environmental Performance
of Vehicles in Thermal Preparation Processes
Authors: Gritsuk Igor , Pohorletskyi Dmytro , Pohorletska Nadiia , Volkov Vladimir , Volodarets Mykyta , Khudiakov Igor , Dotsenko Serhii , Nesterenko Viktoriia , Volska Olena
Published: September 2024

The article deals with the peculiarities of developing a method for evaluating
the fuel efficiency and environmental performance of vehicle engines under
conditions of pre- and post-start thermal preparations. The method was designed
for gasoline engines converted to run on both liquid petroleum and gaseous fuels
(LPG). A thermal treatment system based on a phase transition heat accumulator
was used for pre- and post-start heat treatment in operation. An algorithm for
determining and evaluating individual thermal preparation criteria for vehicle
engines in operational conditions was developed based on the analysis conducted.
The method for assessing fuel consumption and harmful emissions in the exhaust
gases of vehicles with engines modified to run on LPG and fitted with a phase
transition heat accumulator during pre- and post-start thermal preparations was
improved. The method development is based on numerous experimental and
computational–analytical studies. To assess the high efficiency of using a
thermal preparation system with a phase transition heat accumulator in a vehicle
under variable operational conditions, fuel consumption coefficients were
employed. As a result of implementing the developed research method for
evaluating fuel efficiency and environmental performance of the vehicle, a
significant reduction in the overall thermal preparation (warm-up) time of the
engine during operation and a decrease in the total fuel consumption for heating
were confirmed.
ON CARPET MAKING EDUCATION IN İNAS SCHOOLS SOME ARCHIVE DOCUMENTS
Authors: AYTAÇ Ahmet
Published: September 2024

The Ottoman Empire existed for 600 years, spread over three continents. The Ottoman Empire, which attaches great importance to archiving, tried to preserve almost all its correspondence. It is known that archive records are the historical heritage of nations. On the other hand, carpet weaving, which came from the Turkestan geography to Anatolia with the Turks, became important during the Ottoman period both as an art form and as a daily use and commercial commodity. There are many archive documents related to this branch of art, showing that the Ottoman Empire supervised and controlled both trade and production. It is also understood from archive documents that the state gave carpet making lessons in İnas schools. In the article, archive records related to carpet weaving lessons in İnas schools will be mentioned. Key words: Ottoman, archive, textile, carpet weaving, school.
Scape surveys in Switzerland to gather patients’ opinions and encourage patient-researcher partnerships
Authors: Rezzonico Valérie , Berrut Sylvan , Bienvenu Christine , Fiscalini Aldo , Ganz-Blättler Ursula , Eicher Manuela , Peytremann-Bridevaux Isabelle , Arditi Chantal
Published: September 2024

Collecting patient opinions is fundamental to personalizing care, promoting shared decision-making, and fostering patient engagement in care. The systematic, large-scale collection of these opinions also enables to evaluate the impact of care on health and the extent to which care is responding to people’s needs. The SCAPE surveys, introduced in Switzerland in 2018, aim to systematically collect and analyze the experiences of cancer patients, providing essential data for improving the quality of oncology care. An important feature of the SACPE surveys is the involvement of patient partners in research right from the start. Throughout the partnership, their experiential knowledge was fully recognized, enriching the quality, relevance, and value of SCAPE. The quality of their engagement will be assessed to appreciate their work and valuable involvement, and to draw lessons to guide future projects aimed at improving the quality of care, in partnership with patients.

Recueillir l'opinion des patientes et patients est fondamental pour personnaliser les soins, promouvoir la prise de décisions partagée et favoriser l'engagement des patientes et patients dans les soins. La collecte systématique et à large échelle de ces opinions permet également d’évaluer l’impact des soins sur la santé et à quel point les soins répondent aux besoins des personnes. Les enquêtes SCAPE, introduites en Suisse en 2018, ont pour objectif de recueillir et analyser systématiquement les expériences de soins des patientes et patients atteints de cancer, fournissant des données essentielles pour améliorer la qualité des soins en oncologie. Une spécificité importante des enquêtes SCAPE est d’avoir impliqué des patientes et patients partenaires de recherche dès le début du processus de mise en place des enquêtes. Tout au long de ce partenariat, leur savoir expérientiel a été pleinement reconnu, enrichissant ainsi la qualité, la pertinence et la valeur de SCAPE. La qualité de leur engagement sera évaluée afin de valoriser leur travail ainsi que leur implication précieuse et de tirer des enseignements pour guider de futurs projets visant à améliorer la qualité des soins, en partenariat avec des patientes et patients.