bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving the validation of turbulent jet breakup models
Authors: Trettel Ben
Published: March 2019

Understanding the physics of the breakup of turbulent liquid jets is important for a variety of applications including engine sprays, fire suppression systems, and water jet cutting. Models of turbulent jet breakup allow predictions of quantities of interest like the droplet size distribution and breakup length of the jet. These models are compared against experimental data in a process called validation. If the model predictions are within the experimental uncertainty, then the model is "validated" and believed to be accurate, and possibly can explain the physics. Uncertainty quantification is necessary for model validation. While unfortunately relatively few experimental studies quantify uncertainty, that is not the most pressing validation issue in turbulent jet breakup. I detail 3 additional problems that can make the apparent validation of a model actually an illusion, regardless of how well the model appears to match the data. These problems include: 1. important variables being omitted or guessed in experiments and models, 2. confounding between independent variables, that is, two variables changing simultaneously, making determining cause and effect impossible, and 3. testing only combinations of submodels and not each submodel in isolation. To avoid these problems and others, I developed validation guidelines that are detailed in this work. Following these guidelines, I compiled a large experimental database. Only 28 out of 47 experimental studies considered met my data quality guidelines. Only 18 studies had quantified uncertainty, and only 3 studies had substantial variation in the turbulence intensity.
PULSE JET INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
Authors: Walshaw Tim
Published: March 2019

This article describes using the pulse jet to create circular motion. Such an engine would be highly efficient, simple and cheap to build, light weight, and could use a wide variety of liquid fuels. Such a pulse jet engine would be a very efficient substitute for the piston engine.
Memahami Perilaku Konsumen Dalam Berbelanja Online
Authors: Mulyana Mumuh
Published: March 2019

Untuk mempertajam dan memperdalam pemahaman tentang konsep dan strategi pemasaran, survey atau observasi lapangan kepada konsumen dapat digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran, dengan harapan fakta operasional perilaku konsumen dalam mengambil keputusan pembelian dapat tergambar dengan jelas.Jual beli merupakan kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari atau demi memuaskan dirinya. Dengan adanya teknologi yang berkembang secara pesat kegiatan jual beli tidak hanya dilakukan dengan cara konvensional, akan tetapi memanfaatkan teknologi berbasis internet dengan media aplikasi jual beli secara online. Jual beli online adalah perdagangan elektronik yang memungkinkan konsumen untuk dapat langsung membeli barang atau jasa dari penjual melalui media internet menggunakan sebuah web browser atau aplikasi online shop yang ada di smartphone. Online shopping membuat kita semakin mudah dalam bertransaksi antara penjual dan pembeli tanpa menghabiskan banyak waktu dan tenaga
Dissociable influences of implicit temporal expectation on attentional performance and mind wandering
Authors: Massar Stijn , Poh Jia-Hou , Lim Julian , Chee Michael W.L.
Published: March 2019

Mind wandering at critical moments during a cognitive task degrades performance. At other moments, mind wandering could serve to conserve task-relevant resources, allowing a brief mental respite. Recent research has shown that, if target timing is predictable, mind wandering episodes coincide with moments of low target likelihood. Conversely, mind wandering can be avoided at moments when targets are expected. In the current study, we tested whether mind wandering can be guided by implicit temporal expectations when target timing is less predictable. In two experiments (Experiment 1: N = 37, Experiment 2: N = 61), participants performed a sustained attention task in which target events were preceded by a variable pre-target interval (foreperiod). As time passes over the foreperiod duration, implicit target expectation increases, given that it has not yet appeared. In Experiment 1, all foreperiod durations were equally probable (uniform distribution: 2-10 seconds). This resulted in faster responses when targets were preceded by long compared to short foreperiods (foreperiod-effect). In contrast, mind wandering, assessed by thought probes inserted following short or long foreperiods, did not follow this pattern. In Experiment 2, alterations in the foreperiod distribution (left or right-skewed) resulted in changes in the behavioral foreperiod-effect, but mind wandering was unaffected. Our findings indicate that implicit timing strongly affects behavioral response to target events, but has no bearing on the mind wandering. Contrastingly, mind wandering did correlate with performance deterioration due to fatigue (time-on-task), suggesting that the thought probe method was sufficiently sensitive to behaviorally relevant changes in mental state.
Energy Efficiency Analysis of Software Defined Network in Backbone Transmission Network of Kathmandu Valley of Nepal Telecom
Authors: Nyoupane Jiwan , Jha Ajay Kumar
Published: March 2019

In the past, research scope of the ICT (Information and Communication Technology) was mainly based on performance and cost. The research community put insufficient effort to the energy consumed by ICTs and their impact on the environment. Current trends, such as increasing electricity costs, reserve limitations, and increasing emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) are shifting the focus of ICT towards  energy-efficient and well-performed  solutions.  Communication  networks  designed according to this energy efficiency criteria are called green networks. In this context, SDN architecture can have a significant role in reducing the energy consumption by decoupling control plane to a centralized controller that has global view of all underlying data plane devices.  The research will be focused on energy efficiency analysis of Software Defined Network and financial possibilities for migration into SDN using LEAP taking the case study of Nepal Telecom!s backbone transmission network in Kathmandu region.
« Imaginaire et sensibilités » : la mise en récit de la déshospitalisation psychiatrique en Ontario
Authors: Thifault Marie-Claude
Published: March 2019

Ce texte propose une réflexion historiographique basée sur l’article « Les contrecoups de la déshospitalisation psychiatrique. L’exemple du parcours transinstitutionel de Françoise » tiré du récent ouvrage collectif La fin de l’asile ? Histoire de la déshospitalisation psychiatrique dans l’espace francophone au XXesiècle. L’auteure revient sur cet article, afin de mettre au jour le sous-texte et de raconter la méthode ainsi que le raisonnement historique qui ont donné vie au parcours psychiatrique d’une anonyme nommée Françoise. Cet exercice s’articule autour de trois points d’ancrage : son positionnement en tant que chercheure, les enjeux concernant l’approche narrative qu’elle explore et un constat sur le raisonnement historique intriqué dans une perspective interdisciplinaire. Influencée et inspirée des travaux d’Alain Corbin, George Duby, Roy Porter, Natalie Zemon Davis et Arlette Farge, l’historienne insiste sur sa démarche inéluctablement tournée vers une approche soucieuse de repérer dans les sources des traces de sentiments et d’émotions tout en étant connectée à une intuition subjective, loin des réflexes positivistes. En guise de conclusion, en lien avec son expérience dans les sources avec lesquelles elle travaille le plus – les dossiers psychiatriques –, une réflexion sur le renouvellement de l’écriture historienne et sa conviction qu’il est possible d’écrire l’histoire des gens ordinaires tout en les racontant avec sensibilité.
The Greater Good: Agency and Inoculation in the British Army, 1914–18
Authors: Walker Simon H.
Published: March 2019

As the First World War progressed, rates of typhoid diminished. This was heralded as a triumph of sanitary improvement and disease protection; yet as to how the British military achieved this remains a contentious issue. Objections arose around the danger of inoculation and the unpleasant and potentially deadly side effects. Between the unaffected and the sufferers of the vaccine’s side effects are the unexplored stories of the refusers. Often bizarre, their accounts include stories of unsanctioned cajoling, arrests, suspension of privileges, and even physically forced inoculation. Soldiers could be encouraged, convinced, and, in rare cases, even forced to undergo inoculation. For others, the opportunity to refuse was often not made clear, as inoculation became part of routine military life. Despite the fact that soldiers were supposed to have complete autonomy over their own inoculation, the reality was often different. Penalties for noncompliance and a lack of clarification about soldiers’ rights demonstrated that throughout the war a clash developed between individual autonomy and an authoritarian regime determined to ensure the health of its fighting force.
Educomunicação na pós-graduação: perspectiva crítica de formação
Authors: Silva Diva Souza , Dos Santos Vanessa Matos
Published: March 2019

Esta investigação é parte de um apesquisa em desenvolvimento sobre as memórias constituídas na disciplina "Educomunicação" no programa de pós-graduação em Tecnologias, Comunicação e Educação da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia.
Partisipasi Masyarakat Tariqah Pada Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan Di Yayasan Lpmnu Talang Prigen Pasuruan
Authors: Sirojuddin Akhmad
Published: March 2019

Objective research that will produce research findings that can be used or acted upon by elements related to the investigation. In this case the researchers conducted a regional study in the Tariqah village of Talang Prigen Pasuruan village on matters relating to Jam'iyah's participation in education. In this study the researchers obtained research findings that (1) the participation of the Tariqah community as a facilitator in providing educational services through out-of-school programs, (2) the participation of the Tariqah community as a motivator in the NU Ma'arif education institution in the area, 3) Tariqah community participation as partners in the success of education in the area. This finding is based on the condition of people who have an economic, social and educational background. This research hopes to release education in the red region.
Community Development Perspective in the Local Government System of District Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Authors: Ali Hussain , Shah Syed Ali , Ali Ahmad
Published: March 2019

The present research study analyzed the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Local Government Act, 2013 and find out the role of elected leaders in community development. The quantitative research design is used and sample is selected through simple random sampling technique. The researchers interview 300 respondents from district Mardan. The statistical results show that elected leaders are performing their effective role in infrastructure development i.e. schools, basic health units, irrigation channels, roads and safety wall as well as in dispute resolution and generating revenue for the local government. The present research study recommended that government should release the annual development budget to elected leaders on time for addressing the local citizen needs. Similarly, the study suggested that local government system should prevent from political interference in the province.
Implications of Pak-Afghan Transit Trade for Regional Security
Authors: Qayum Huma , Shah Syed Ali , Andlib Zubaria
Published: March 2019

Pak-Afghan relations have almost remained far from being normal and under the grip of allegations and counter allegation due to several bilateral political issues. However, trade relations have remained unrestrained from several decades. Afghanistan as a landlocked state always relied on Pakistani ports for its trade requirements with the rest of the world. Despite ups and downs in the relations, Pakistan provided the trade provision to Afghanistan under 1965 trade agreement which was replaced in October 2010 with agreement providing better trade facilities to Afghanistan with India. Pakistan has security concerns over India, as Indo-Afghan trade will reduce Pakistan’s imports of goods. Growing Indian presence in the form of huge investment in Afghanistan has threatened Pakistan’s security. Trade has great potential for Pakistan, India, and Afghanistan but security and sincereity are required for implementation of such agreements.
«УКРКІНОХРОНІКА»: ТЕМИ І ЖАНРИ 2001–2003 РОКІВ
Authors: Москаленко-Висоцька Олена Миколаївна
Published: March 2019

Мета дослідження. Основна мета роботи – це жанрово-тематичне дослідження фільмів, створених у період 2001–2003 рр. на Українській студії хронікально-документальних фільмів. Автор продовжує аналізувати контент студії, пов’язуючи його з когнітивним сприйняттям соціальних процесів, які безпосередньо впливають на вибір тем і жанрів режисерами фільмів. Методологія дослідження роботи базується на формі теоретичного рівня наукового пізнання шляхом аналізу предмета, дослідження його складових та узагальненні, як методу фіксування загальних ознак і властивостей певної групи документальних фільмів. Також дослідження включатимуть метод синтезу, тобто, об’єднання окремих кінотворів в єдине ціле, для виокремлення загальних тенденцій жанроутворення на арт-майданчику єдиної в Україні державної студії документальних фільмів. Предметом дослідження стали кінострічки режисерів Оксани Чепелик, Максима Суркова, Марини Кондратьєвої, Павла Фаренюка та Олександра Коваля. Висновки. Кінцевими результатами дослідження стали висновки, зроблені на основі дослідження художніх рішень декількох авторських робіт режисерів-документалістів на поч. ХХI ст. У роботі вперше зібраний і скомпонований матеріал, який аналізується через призму жанрово-стилістичної палітри робіт кінодокументалістів «Укркінохроніки» 2001–2003 рр. Аналіз фільмів, виявив в українських документальних кінострічках наявність широко представлених жанрів, серед яких кіно-есе, хоррор, артхаус, експериментальне кіно, драма, художня кінопубліцистика. Культурологічні розвідки студійного контенту зазначеного періоду підтвердили той факт, що українські кінодокументалісти перебувають у контексті сучасних світових тенденцій, які нівелюють чистоту жанру. У науковій розвідці представлений новий цінний фактаж щодо фільмів студії «Укркінохроніка», заснований на жанрових механізмах смислоутворення. У результаті дослідження представлений процес взаємопроникнення різнопланових жанрів, який приводить до розширення творчих кордонів авторських концепцій екранних творів.
ІНТЕРПРЕТАЦІЯ ТВОРІВ А. ЧЕХОВА ЗАСОБАМИ СУЧАСНОЇ ХОРЕОГРАФІЇ
Authors: Легка Світлана Андріївна
Published: March 2019

Мета дослідження – відтворити панораму та виявити специфіку «чеховіани», створеної засобами сучасної хореографії. Методологія дослідження. Застосування комплексу методів, зокрема: аналізу літератури та джерел, стилістичних і лексичних особливостей постановок; порівняння постановок різних балетмейстерів; систематизації хореографічної «чеховіани». Наукова новизна. Доведено, що наприкінці ХХ – поч. ХХІ ст. відбулося розширення діапазону творів, які потрапили до кола балетмейстерських інтерпретацій, а також систематизація хореографічних інтерпретацій творів А. Чехова засобами сучасної хореографії переважно в естетиці постмодерну. Висновки. Вистави за творами Чехова засобами сучасної хореографії відрізняє яскравий авторський стиль, що дозволяє активно інтерпретувати чеховські образи й характери. Окрім інтерпретацій, що чітко відсилають до першоджерела («Зимові мрії» К. Макміллана за «Трьома сестрами», 1991; «Чайка» Д. Ноймайєра, 2002 та Б. Ейфмана, 2007; «Палата № 6» Р. Поклітару, 2005; «Чорний монах» І. Рейнхолде, 2005), створено постановки, навіяні загальною образністю чеховських творів («Нескінченний сад» Н. Дуато, 2010; «Шепіт квітів» Лін Хваймин, 2010). В Украні окрім балету «Палата № 6» Раду Поклітару, що понад десять років входить до репертуару «Київ модерн-балету», наприкінці 2015 р. з’явилася музично-хореографічна вистава «Три сестри» М. Бойченка, де артисти, на відображення сучасних театральних тенденцій не лише виконують хореографічні па, а й декламують окремі репліки п’єси, використовують побутову пластику для розкриття художніх образів. Твори А. Чехова відкривають безмежні можливості для інтерпретацій психологічних нюансів героїв засобами хореографії, що актуально для сучасного танцю.
КРИТИКА ХОРЕОГРАФІЧНОГО МИСТЕЦТВА В СУЧАСНІЙ УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Підлипська Аліна Миколаївна
Published: March 2019

Мета дослідження – проаналізувати сучасну ситуацію у царині критичного осмислення явищ хореографічного мистецтва в Україні. Методи дослідження поєднують систематизацію інформації щодо становлення та розвитку критичної думки у сфері хореографії, порівняння наявних часописів танцювальної тематики України та світу, аналіз критично-оцінного дискурсу хореографічної культури в Україні. Наукова новизна статті полягає у виявленні проблем сучасної критики хореографічного мистецтва в Україні. Висновки. У статті наголошено, що нині в Україні відчутний брак професійних критиків хореографічного мистецтва, що знають історію вітчизняного та світового балету, розуміють його поступ. Зазначено, що відсутність офіційного періодичного видання хореографічної тематики за підтримки державних структур, ситуація низької вербальної активності професійної спільноти, відсутність у більшості фахівців хореографічного мистецтва сформованого ставлення до критики як необхідної умови розвитку танцювальної культури несприятливо позначаються на професійній хореографічній критиці. Вважаємо, що пожвавлення практичної хореографічної сфери (збільшення кількості оригінальних балетмейстерських творів, розширення фестивально-конкурсного руху, прихід нової генерації обдарованих виконавців тощо) сприятиме відродженню традицій професійної хореографічної критики.
ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ СПІВВІДНОШЕННЯ МУЗИЧНОГО СТИЛЮ І ЖАНРУ
Authors: Лігус Ольга Марківна
Published: March 2019

Мета роботи. У статті розкривається характер співвідношення стилю та жанру – ключових категорій музичного мистецтва, які знаходяться у постійній взаємодії. Теоретичні аспекти цієї проблеми виокремлюються в роботі на підставі вивчення наукових праць ХХ–ХХІ ст., присвячених цим складним багаторівневим поняттям. Методологія дослідження базується на теоретичному методі систематизації, що полягає у пізнанні та осмисленні наукових теорій стилю і жанру. Цей метод, що має комплексний характер, охоплює низку інших методів, які використано в дослідженні, зокрема: абстрагування (у диференційованому розгляді понять стилю і жанру та виділенні найістотніших рис кожного з них); аналіз (у встановленні зв’язків між категоріями стилю і жанру); синтез (у розгляді стилю і жанру як компонентів ієрархічної системи музики). Крім того, в дослідженні застосовано й історичний метод (в розкритті характеру співвідношення стилю і жанру в процесі еволюції музичного мислення). Наукова новизна роботи полягає в порушенні проблеми співвідношення стилю і жанру, в окресленні її основних теоретичних аспектів, у розвитку теоретичного дискурсу стиле-жанрової природи музичних явищ. Висновки. Доведено, що співвідношення стилю і жанру зумовлено логікою музично-історичного процесу. Виділено основні теоретичні аспекти проблеми співвідношення цих категорій: ієрархічну підпорядкованість жанру стилеві, діалогічний характер співіснування стилю і жанру, феномен жанрового стилю.
ЕЛЕМЕНТИ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ЕТНОКУЛЬТУРНОЇ СПАДЩИНИ В ОБРАЗІ СУЧАСНИЦІ ХХІ СТОЛІТТЯ
Authors: Гардабхадзе Ірина Анатоліївна , Наку Анастасія Валеріївна
Published: March 2019

Мета роботи. У статті розкриваються результати дослідницької та експериментальної стадій проекту пошуку ефективної методики формування образу сучасної жінки на основі синтезу елементів української етнокультурної спадщини з елементами-носіями тенденцій моди. Під час дослідження проаналізовано вплив національного українського костюма на образ сучасної жінки; охарактеризовані тенденції інтеграції української культурної спадщини з елементами сучасності у творчості фешн-дизайнерів нового покоління; запропоновано підхід до побудови образу сучасниці XXI ст. на основі гармонійного трансферу елементів українського етнічного костюма в сучасне фешн-середовище. Експериментальна стадія містить результати використання запропонованої методики у процесі проектування художнього образу жінки-сучасниці ХХІ ст. Методологія дослідження ґрунтується на підході до української етнокультурної спадщини як до творчого першоджерела формування сучасного жіночого образу, що досягається використанням морфологічного аналізу-синтезу елементів українського народного вбрання й елементів-носіїв тенденцій моди. Наукова новизна роботи полягає у деталізованій інтерпретації процесу побудови жіночого образу з використанням етномотивів, у типізації характерних елементів українського народного костюма за ознаками належності до регіонів України з подальшою селективною фільтрацією за критерієм сумісності з тенденціями моди, а також за рахунок включення в алгоритм побудови образу жінки процедури врахування кольоротипу її зовнішності. Висновки. Показано, що у творчості фешн-дизайнерів нового покоління простежуються тенденції конвергенції етномотивів з елементами нового стилю життя, що може бути ефективно використано для побудови інноваційної методики моделювання художнього образу сучасниці ХХІ ст. Експериментально підтверджено, що моделювання жіночого образу в сучасному фешн-оточенні на основі запропонованої методики підвищує його привабливість, додає образу свіжості сприйняття і чарівності, відточеної багатовіковими українськими народними традиціями.
THE PRESERVATION OF DAYAK SUANG ENSILAT LANGUAGE IN DUSUN NANGA ENTIBAB DESA NANGA DANGKAN KECAMATAN SILAT HULU KABUPATEN KAPUAS HULU
Authors: Supranila Elia , Dharma Yokie Prasetya , Herpanus Herpanus
Published: March 2019

The preservation of the Dayak Suang Ensilat language in the Dusun Nanga Entibab on the family environment is still maintained, besides it is also seen in the language use in the workplace environment, shop / market environment, youth environment, parents' environment, church environment, traditional ceremonies and environment the village used the Dayak Suang Ensilat language when communicating. The researcher found that there were three factors that influenced the Dayak Suang Ensilat language, which were still maintained, namely, the factors of loyalty, pride and population. Keywords: Preservation, Dayak Suang Ensilat.
DEVELOPING A MODEL OF HOTS QUESTIONS FOR READING NARRATIVE TEXT
Authors: Simanjuntak Evelyn
Published: March 2019

In ESL classroom, teachers need qualified reading material together with some questions excercicesto fill students’ need to train their higher order thinking. This opinion is in accordance with Miskiah (2015,87). She said that the learning material plays a very important role in a learning process, it is the representation of teacher’s explanation in the classroom. On the other side, learning material is one of the learning aid to achieve the core competency. It also helps teachers in learning process, helps students to learn one component systematically so that the student may be able  to master a certain competency completely and integratedly. Moreover, learning material may be defined as series of facts, concept, foundation, procedures, and a devised generalisation specifically to make the learning process becomes easier (Abidin, 2012:33).This research analyses the effectiveness a product of HOTS questions for reading narrative text on IX grade students of SMPN 2 Jorong. the Procedure of instructionalmaterial development is aimed to make the material developed is suitable to the reader and the class condition.The research design applies 4D  (four D model) Research and Development. According to Thiagarajan, (1974:6-9), this has 4 steps that is : defining, design, development, and disseminating. By the research the writer tries to dig studets critical thinking and they can be the creative students in the future. Keywords: HOTS questions , reading, narrative text
Troika-Institutionen als Internationale Bürokratien. Der Einfluss inkongruenter Organisationskulturen auf Kreditkonditionalitäten
Authors: Lütz Susanne , Hilgers Sven , Schneider Sebastian
Published: March 2019

Zur Bewältigung der Folgen der europäischen Schuldenkrise schlossen sich erstmals die Europäische Kommission, die Europäische Zentralbank und der Internationale Währungsfonds zur „Troika“ zusammen. Krisengeschüttelte Euroländer erhielten Hilfskredite verbunden mit umfangreichen Kreditkonditionalitäten. Obwohl die Troika bestrebt war, nach außen einheitliche Positionen zu demonstrieren, zeigten sich in Fragen der Schuldenrestrukturierung, der fiskalischen und strukturellen Anpassung systematisch inhaltliche Differenzen zwischen den drei Organisationen. Diese rekonstruieren wir mit Hilfe von process tracing für die Programme für Irland und Griechenland. Unter Rückgriff auf das Konzept der Organisationskultur und ein Verständnis internationaler Organisationen als Bürokratien oder „international public administrations“ interpretieren wir konfligierende Ansätze der Kreditvergabe als Ausdruck inkongruenter Organisationskulturen der Troika-Bürokratien. Unsere Befunde widersprechen sowohl staatszentrierten Perspektiven auf die Troika als auch Ansätzen, die internationale Organisationen eher als „multiple Persönlichkeiten“ denn als unitarische Akteure begreifen.
Can robot-based measurements improve prediction of motor performance after robot-assisted upper-limb rehabilitation in patients with moderate-to-severe sub-acute stroke?
Authors: Duret Christophe , Pila Ophélie , Grosmaire Anne-Gaëlle , Koeppel Typhaine
Published: March 2019

Purpose:

Patients with moderate-to-severe stroke-related upper limb impairment can benefit from repetitive robot-assisted training. However, predicting motor performance in these patients from baseline measurements, including robot-based parameters would help clinicians to provide optimal treatments for each individual.

Methods:

Forty-six patients with sub-acute stroke underwent a 16-session upper limb rehabilitation combining usual care and robotic therapy. Motor outcomes (Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity (FMA) score) were retrospectively analysed and potential predictors of motor outcome (including baseline FMA scores, kinematics and number of repetitions performed in the first session etc.) were determined.

Results:

The 16-sessions upper limb combined training program led to significantly improved clinical outcomes (gains of 13.8±11.2 for total FMA score and 7.3±6.7 for FMA Shoulder/Elbow score). For the prediction model, time since stroke poorly explained the FMA total score (R2 < 35%). The model however found that time since stroke and initial value of FMA Shoulder/Elbow score were predictors of the FMA Shoulder/Elbow score: (R2 = 59.6%).

Conclusion:

This study found that clinical prediction of motor outcomes after moderate-to-severe upper-limb paresis is limited. However, initial proximal motor impairment severity predicted proximal motor performance. The value of baselines kinematics and of the number of repeated movements at initiation in the prediction would need further studies.
Investigation of transmission computed tomography (CT) image quality and x-ray dose achievable from an experimental dual-mode benchtop x-ray fluorescence CT and transmission CT system
Authors: Deng Luzhen , Yasar Selcuk , Ahmed Md Foiez , Jayarathna Sandun , Feng Peng , Wei Biao , Vedantham Srinivasan , Karellas Andrew , Cho Sang Hyun
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVE:

To investigate the image quality and x-ray dose associated with a transmission computed tomography (CT) component implemented within the same platform of an experimental benchtop x-ray fluorescence CT (XFCT) system for multimodal preclinical imaging applications.

METHODS:

Cone-beam CT scans were performed using an experimental benchtop CT + XFCT system and a cylindrically-shaped 3D-printed polymethyl methacrylate phantom (3 cm in diameter, 7 cm in height) loaded with various concentrations (0.05–1 wt. %) of gold nanoparticles (GNPs). Two commercial CT quality assurance phantoms containing 3D line-pair (LP) targets and contrast targets were also scanned. The x-ray beams of 40 and 62 kVp, both filtered by 0.08 mm Cu and 0.4 mm Al, were used with 17 ms of exposure time per projection at three current settings (2.5, 5, and 10 mA). The ordered-subset simultaneous algebraic reconstruction and total variation–minimization methods were used to reconstruct images. Sparse projection and short scan were considered to reduce the x-ray dose. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and modulation transfer function (MTF) were calculated.

RESULTS:

The lowest detectable concentration of GNPs (CNR > 5) and the highest spatial resolution (per MTF50%) were 0.10 wt. % and 9.5 LP/CM, respectively, based on the images reconstructed from 360 projections of the 40 kVp beam (or x-ray dose of 3.44 cGy). The background noise for the image resulting in the lowest GNP detection limit was 25 Hounsfield units.

CONCLUSION:

The transmission CT component within the current experimental benchtop CT + XFCT system produced images deemed acceptable for multimodal (CT + XFCT) imaging purposes, with less than 4 cGy of x-ray dose.
REFLEKSI GELOMBANG PADA PEMECAH GELOMBANG TENGGELAM BLOK BETON BERKAIT
Authors: Setiawan I Ketut Dharma , Ginting Juventus Welly Radianta
Published: March 2019

When a large dimension of rock needed for an armored layer of breakwater, the scarcity of it became a major adversity, because of that many research subject of using concrete as a substitute for rock performed. One of the research are the usage of concrete block for submerged breakwater as a method for avoiding a very large concrete block, but still able to withstood wave forces. The key is in the interlocking of each concrete block so it could achieve the desired result with a lesser dimension concrete block. The research was performed in Laboratory of Coastal Experimental Station, Water Resource Research Center, using a 2D channel. The facility used were flume channel, regular wave generator machine, wave dumper, wave probe, and computer for processing data. The experiment indicate that the wave energy attenuation depends on the dimension of interlocking concrete block type submerged breakwater. The dimension represented in the form of relation of the distance of water level to structures crest and the crests width. The breakwater performance of the concrete block is quite useful as an underwater coastal protection building viewed from reflection with a reflection coefficient of 34.7% at (h?d) / h = 0 and the peak width of B = 2.0
Potensi Pasang Surut Lahan Rawa untuk Pengembangan Irigasi di Kabupaten Merauke Menggunakan Pemodelan Hidrodinamika 1D2D
Authors: Lasmana Yudi , Simanungkalit Parlinggoman , Gifariyono Muhammad , Sotyadarpita Ganggaya , Triadi L. Budi
Published: March 2019

Merauke Regency has three major rivers i.e Bian River, Kumbe River and Maro River (BIKUMA), the three rivers have large horizontal tidal potential. To know the potential of tides in the development of lowland irrigation in Merauke Regency needs to be studied. This study is supported by hydrometry and hydraulic surveys which has been conducted during the dry season during at spring tide and neap tide simultaneously for all three rivers. The survey included measuring river geometry activities with a range of 5 Km, river hydrometry measurements (observation of water fluctuations with proportional distances for model calibration and upstream river velocity for discharge). Limitations of river upstream measurements are limited by the distance where the Bian River along 125 Km, the River Kumbe along 171 km, and the Maro River along 66 km from the estuary. Then, performed a Sobek 1D hydrodynamic modeling that describes the movement of water from upstream into downstream. From the results of modeling is known that the water entering from the sea to the Bikuma River is greater than the water out to sea. The potential for tides is 1.7 Billion m3. Furthermore, the simulation of Sobek 1D2D to obtain the extent of natural condition, the area that can be inundated is 123.609 ha. Utilization of tidal potential can be channeled to the development zone through an integrated lowland irrigation water management system so that water utilization can be optimal.
ANALISIS KEBERLANJUTAN PEMBANGUNAN BENDUNGAN WAY SEKAMPUNG, LAMPUNG
Authors: Nirwansyah Mirza , Kusmana Cecep , Eriyatno Eriyatno , J. Purwanto M.Yanuar
Published: March 2019

The availability of water resources provides many benefits for the welfare of all human being. The Decrease of the availability of water resources is caused by various reasons, including as environmental damage of catchment area, human activities, land conversion, and the issue of global warming. The problems caused an increase in floods and droughts. Dam development can reduce the risk of flood and drought through a reservoir operation by using less water during rainy season and using much water during dry season. The sustainability of water resources in Way Sekampung can be identified by three main indicators, which are ecology, economic, and sosio-cultural by using the MDS (Multi Dimensional Scaling) analysis, There are two item become the focus of this research i.e. sedimentation and water balance. These factors are considered as the most important factors in planning a dam. Operationally, this policy will be applied by supplying water based on demand, strengthening water resources institutions, improving infrastructure facilities and developing technology.
Efektivitas Krib Untuk Mengurangi Gerusan Di Tikungan Sungai Bengawan Solo
Authors: Zulfan James , Eka Kumala Yiniarti , Dwi Astuti Aprillia
Published: March 2019

Sungai Bengawan Solo mempunyai karakteristik sungai berliku (meander). Hal ini berpotensi untuk memicu terjadinya gerusan lokal akibat tingginya kecepatan aliran di tikungan luar sungai. Fenomena gerusan lokal ini terjadi pada ruas pertemuan Sungai Bengawan Solo dan Kali Pepe, tebing sungai sudah bergeser 2 meter. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa erosi dan gerusan lokal telah terjadi dan memerlukan penanganan khusus karena gerusan tebing tersebut semakin mendekati jalan raya dan kawasan pemukiman warga. Penanganan yang dapat dilakukan adalah memproteksi tebing sungai yang kritis tersebut dengan struktur krib untuk mengarahkan aliran yang datang dengan kecepatan tinggi ke arah palung sungai sehingga tidak membahayakan tebing tanggul sungai. Penelitian ini mengkaji efektivitas penempatan tata letak krib di tikungan luar sungai melalui uji model fisik 3 dimensi di Laboratorium Hidraulika dan diverifikasi oleh pemodelan numerik 2 dimensi. Berdasarkan hasil uji model hidraulik fisik, pemasangan krib dan riprap dengan jarak dan dimensi yang optimum dapat meredam energi dan kecepatan aliran sungai untuk mengamankan tebing dan tanggul sungai.
The efficiency of combining modified acupuncture and motor relearning method on post-stroke patients
Authors: Bui Minh-Man Pham , Nguyen Van-Dan , Thai Hoai-Nam , Trinh Dieu-Thuong Thi
Published: March 2019

Combining modern medicine and traditional medicine in the rehabilitation of post-stroke motor deficit has shown interesting results. Many studies on modified acupuncture, a combination of modern and traditional techniques, have proven its effectiveness in motor rehabilitation in post-stroke patients. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the motor relearning method in the treatment of post-stroke paralysis has been elucidated. Therefore, our study aims to determine whether the combination between modified acupuncture and motor relearning method can improve treatment outcomes.

Multicenter randomized controlled trial (Traditional Medicine Hospital of Ho Chi Minh City, General Hospital of Soc Trang Province, and People Military Hospital of Soc Trang Province) from July 2014 to July 2015. 66 post-stroke patients were divided into two groups: The control group received modified acupuncture combined with Bobath method, and the trial group received modified acupuncture combined with motor relearning method. After six weeks, patients were evaluated according to the Barthel score, the 10-hole test, and the ability to walk.

The trial group showed better results than the control group. There was a significant difference between the two groups in the Barthel score and the ability to walk, excluding the 10-hole test. After treatment, 77.42% of patients in the trial group showed improvement compared to only 51.61% in the control group (P < 0.05).

The combination of modified acupuncture and motor relearning method is more effective than the combination of modified acupuncture and Bobath method in the rehabilitation of motor deficit after stroke.
Zróżnicowanie poziomu wzrostu gospodarczego w wybranych krajach Afryki Subsaharyjskiej
Authors: Krukowska Monika
Published: March 2019

The purpose of the article is to analyse the economic growth of Sub-Saharan African countriesin the last decades, with special focus on the period 2000-2009. Economic development in Africa has been mostly positive in recent years with growth pace binge moderate and steady. However, significant differences exist between specific countries, stemming from abundance of mineral resources, location, size of the population or policy of central government. Countries which managed to introduce deep structural reforms, improve the investment climate, diversify output and exports as well as actively searched for new trading partners outperformed. Countries economy which is purely based on exports of crude oil reported also good economic performance,. However influx of investments there as well as general economic development is constrained by risk of the fiscal destabilization, which sudden plunge in commodity prices could originate. In our research we focused on the following growth indicators: GDP, savings rate, FDI, foreign trade and external aid.
Polityka klimatyczna UE a rozwój polskiej energetyki konwencjonalnej
Authors: Jeżowski Piotr
Published: March 2019

The study's aim is the analysis and the assessment the EU climate policy and its impacts on the development of conditions of the Polish conventional energy sector. The EU climate policy has a strong influence on Polish energy sector to the year 2020 and further. The position of Polish energy sector is unusual in Europe due to the structure of domestic energy balance. This all with confrontation to the EU aspirations for low carbon economy gives uncertain perspectives for the conventional energy sector. The very ambitious EU climate package and the New Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) led Poland to enormous investments in modernization of coal power and heat plants, very expensive CCS technologies and nuclear power plants. The energy sector isn't able to finance all theseprograms. The climate package and the IED will generate also the increase of energy prices in the next two decades which will be very difficult to absorpt by the national industry and households.
Cyberprzemoc i niepełnosprawność jako ograniczenia wdrażania rozwoju zrównoważonego
Authors: Korporowicz Violetta
Published: March 2019

The aim of sustainable development is to take into an account such an economic development, which simultaneously addresses into the problem of improving the environment in strategies which will lead to the higher standard of life. Hence the question of intergenerational justice,in which it is essential that future generations have an equal, in relation to the contemporary, access to natural resources and equal opportunities for the development of the life standard. However, implementation of such sustainable development might be limited by the negative phenomena of the social support. These are e.g. cyberbullying and disability. Cyberbullying is a way of force with the use of mass-media - primarily the Internet and mobile phones. Disability is an another social phenomenon having negative implications for the implementation of sustainable development. It is true that in Poland the number of people with disabilities is consistently declining, but it still applies to thousands of people with reduced efficiency of operations in numerous areas of life, and therefore requires a special approach in everyday life and in education and the labor market.
Wpływ pomarańczowej rewolucji na ukraiński system polityczny
Authors: Kozłowski Krzysztof
Published: March 2019

The article presents an analysis of the Orange Revolution and its influence on the political system of Ukraine. Generally, the events of 2004 are perceived as a democratic breakthrough in the modern political history of this country. In reality it turned out to be a revolution only by name. Behind a democratic façade the socalled revolution turned into an act of disobedience of disappointed clannish and oligarchic structures to the former president, Leonid Kuchma. The international observers had an impression, that Ukrainian events were a continuation of the democratization processes started by the fall of the Soviet Union. The article seeks answers to the questions concerning the true nature of the events of 2004 in Kiev, how were they influenced by the post-soviet experiences of the Ukrainian state and society, and finally was the Orange Revolution truly a step toward democratization of the post-soviet space?
Rosjanie – między narodowością a tożsamością
Authors: Głąb Anna
Published: March 2019

The article concerns the ethnic structure of the Russian Federation and the problems of national identity in the multiethnic state. A few distinct regions were identified based on ethnic, linguistic and religious components. They show that despite the Russian numerical superiority and the dominant role of Russian language and Russian culture, the Federation is a diverse state. Ethnocultural mosaics are situated throughout the state and it because of that any aspiration for larger autonomy or local separatism could destroy the Federation from the inside. A source for such aspirations may result from, for example, strong ethnic identity, which is especially important because of its naturalness, resulting from life and acting within constituent entities that were formed on the ethnic basis. The strength of ethnic identity resides in its stability, which played a significant role during the transformation period. On the other hand, the strong ethnic component in Russia is opposed to a weak civil identity, whose character is more formal. This second approach may be undermined by the results of public opinion polls. They show quite a strong and parallel identity with three groups: citizens at large, members of the same ethnic group and local community. In fact, it is difficult to precisely describe the dominant identity of the Russians. It is based on a peculiar dualism – ethnicity and citizenship.
Znaczenie sektora bankowego w finansowaniu polskiego zadłużenia publicznego wobec zmian na europejskich rynkach finansowych
Authors: Waszkiewicz Grzegorz
Published: March 2019

The aim of this article is to present the problem of rising amount of public debt, which forces general governments to issue treasury bills and bonds on debt market in order to cover huge expenditures. This process enables balancing budget, however, it requires a wide base of investors (banks, non-banking institution and individuals) willing to create demand for public papers. Actions of debt investors are correlated with business cycle what was clearly shown by the last crisis. For this reason, it seems vital to determine present (2006–2010) and future volume of banks’ demand, especially in the aftermath of implementing new regulations (Basel III). First part of this work described correlation between economic cycle and investors’ interest in debt service market in the context of Ministry of Finance recommendations. Second part presents mechanisms used to estimate and control risks on European financial markets. What is additionally interesting and complicated is the fact that some of new regulations can have effect on behavior of banks on debt market and their interest in public papers.
Speech Therapy for Childhood Apraxia of Speech
Authors: Wattanawongsawang Worawan
Published: March 2019

Childhood apraxia of speech is a neurological speech sound disorder in which the child has inadequate the precision and consistency of movements underlying speech production in the absence of neuromuscular deficits. Children with apraxia of speech require intensive and specialized training in order to enable them to communicate effectively. The principles of the speech therapy program include stimulating speaking and communicating in daily life as well as practicing to speak clearly. The purpose of this article is to discuss the principles of speech therapy based on motor learning, speech stimulation and daily life communication, exercises to promote oral motor planning for each speech sound, and inclusion of the family into the team working with the child.
Retraction: Learning Outcomes of Basic Life Support in Primary School Children (RAMAkids Club)
Authors: Aramvanitch Kasamon , Sittichanbuncha Yuwares , Tangkulpanich Panvilai , Tuangsirisup Jarupol
Published: March 2019

The following article, Aramvanitch K. Learning Outcomes of Basic Life Support in Primary School Children (RAMAkids Club), which was published on Ramathibodi Medical Journal, 2019;42(1):29-35, has been retracted. The reason given is that the study was conducted with unethical manners. The investigation has been conducted and decision has been made by the executive committee governing research integrity, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University on August 20, 2019.
Does a Single Low Dose Preoperative Intravenous Erythropoietin Affect Postoperative Blood Loss and Transfusion in Elderly Hip Fracture Patients Receiving Intravenous Iron Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jarungvittayakon Chavarat , Sa-ngasoongsong Paphon , Luksameearunothai Kitchai , Sirisreetreerux Norachart , Kulachote Noratep , Ruangchaijatuporn Thumanoon , Rattanasiri Sasivimol , Chuncharunee Suporn , Woratanarat Patarawan , Chanplakorn Pongsthorn
Published: March 2019

Background: Combined recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) and iron therapy significantly reduced postoperative blood loss (PBL) and allogeneic blood transfusion (ABT) in elderly hip fracture (HF) patients. However, the minimum effective rHuEPO dosage and route had not been studied before.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of single low dose preoperative intravenous rHuEPO on PBL and ABT in elderly HF.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) in 32 elderly HF underwent surgical intervention was conducted. The patients were randomly assigned to receive a single dose of 10 000 IU rHuEPO (EPO group, n = 16) or placebo (control group, n = 16) on admission. All patients were given 200-mg iron sucrose intravenously for 3 days after admission. Perioperative data, outcome related to PBL, ABT, rHuEPO adverse effects, and functional outcome during 1-year period were collected and analyzed.

Results: There was no significant difference in demographic data, postoperative complication, and functional outcome between both groups (P < .05). Total hemoglobin loss (THL) and the number of patients receiving ABT in EPO group (2.1 ± 1.0 g/dL and 12 patients) did not significant differ from those in control group (2.2 ± 0.8 g/dL and 10 patients) (P = .81 and P = .44, respectively). However, EPO group demonstrated a nonsignificant greater in hemoglobin recovery (P = .07) and increase in reticulocyte count (P = .10).

Conclusion: Combined single low dose preoperative intravenous rHuEPO with iron therapy does not significantly reduce PBL and ABT in elderly HF compared to who received intravenous iron therapy alone. However, this adjunct rHuEPO may hasten the hemoglobin recovery and helpful for the patients’ outcome.