bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
建筑工程造价预结算审核工作要点与路径研究
Authors: 陈 红燕
Published: September 2023

在社会经济稳定发展的推动下，建筑工程的数量及规模不断提升，从而提出了各项施工要求。建筑工程在实际开展施工的过程中，必须加强对建筑工程造价预结算工作的重视，全面分析各个环节现状，制定符合企业发展的管理方案。基于此，本文分析了建筑工程造价预结算管理的工作要点，阐述了实际管理对策，以供参考。
公路工程施工安全管理措施及施工技术分析
Authors: 曹 丽丽
Published: September 2023

科学技术的发展，带动了我国的公路建设进步，先进的技术和工艺不断涌现。但在实际施工中必须要注意安全问题。无论技术多么先进，都必须把施工安全放在首位。同时注意施工技术要点，在确保施工安全的前提下不断提高项目施工质量。基于此，本文重点论述了公路工程中施工安全管理和相关施工技术。
Redaktionelt forord
Authors: Lybye Grundahl Mette Katrine , Pedersen, Lisbeth , Ploug Niels , Wier Mette
Published: September 2023

Socialområdet er det største offentlige udgiftsområde. Det udgør 44%, hvilket er næsten tre gange så meget som det næststørste, sundhedsområdet, der udgør 16%.
Den socialstatistiske udfordring
Authors: Lybye Grundahl Mette Katrine , Etwil Preben
Published: September 2023

Den socialstatistiske udfordring er en kort oversigtartikel over de socialstatistiske tiltag, som Danmarks Statistik har foretaget i de senere år. En lang række nye tiltag forsøger at dække et længe næret ønske om bedre at få belyst forholdene inden for ældrepleje, børneanbringelser, handicapydelse og sundhed generelt. Statistikkens fokus har været at bryde statistikkerne ned på personniveau, så de bl.a. kan knyttes sammen med personens tilknytning til familierelationer, den offentlige sektor i øvrigt, til sundhedssektoren, arbejdsmarkedet og uddannelsesområdet.
Autisme – specielle børn kræver højtspecialiseret viden
Authors: Lybye Grundahl Mette Katrine , Pleinert Simone , Vangkilde Signe
Published: September 2023

Autisme er en sygdom med store og alvorlige konsekvenser for barnet, for familien, for klassekammeraterne, for fars og mors job – for hele samfundet. Der findes ingen behandling, så det autistiske barn bliver til en voksen med autisme. Men specialiseret viden og støtteindsatser kan afbøde konsekvenserne markant.
Ordblindhed
Authors: Lybye Grundahl Mette Katrine , Gellert Anna S. , Poulsen Mads , Elbro Carsten
Published: September 2023

Denne artikel giver en introduktion til ordblindhed. Der redegøres kort for, hvad ordblindhed er, hvor høj forekomsten er, og hvilke konsekvenser ordblindhed har. Derefter skitseres opsporing af og indsatser mod ordblindhed. Der er god evidens for, hvilket indhold der skal indgå i ordblindeundervisningen. Men denne viden kunne i højere grad formidles gennem efteruddannelse til fagpersonale, og der bør gennemføres flere undersøgelser af, hvilke indsatser for ordblinde der virker bedst i dansk sammenhæng, og hvordan sådanne indsatser bedst implementeres.
Tidlig opsporing af psykisk mistrivsel hos spædbørn
Authors: Lybye Grundahl Mette Katrine , Skovgaard Væver Mette
Published: September 2023

Psykisk sundhed i den tidligste barndom er afgørende – ikke bare for det enkelte barns trivsel og udvikling og for barnets familie – men for folkesundheden generelt. Implementering af videnskabeligt baserede værktøjer i de fagprofessionelles praksis kan sikre en systematisk tidlig opsporing af psykisk mistrivsel hos spædbørn, således at børnene og deres familier kan tilbydes effektiv hjælp tidligere.
Opsporingsmodel og helhedsorienteret indsats med inddragelse af forældrene sikrer hjælp til børn og unge i en udsat position tidligt i deres liv – og dermed undgår vi dårlige livsforløb og voldsomme offentlige udgifter
Authors: Fink Nanna , Mehlbye Jill
Published: September 2023

Omfanget af børn og unge i en social udsat position og i risiko for at blive marginaliseret i en række samfundsmæssige sammenhænge skønnes at udgøre mellem 2% og 6% af alle børn i Danmark. I artiklen præsenteres en model for, hvordan den tidlige opsporing kan sikre, at børn og unge i en udsat position opdages så hurtigt som muligt, og hvilke typer af indsatser, der især vil kunne give barnet/den unge den rette hjælp og støtte.
Fravær og mistrivsel i skolen
Authors: Fink Nanna , Jeppesen Lomholt Johanne
Published: September 2023

Tilstedeværelsen i skolen er for en gruppe elever så udfordret, at deres fravær er bekymrende både for deres trivsel og videre skolegang. En tidlig opsporing og igangsættelse af indsatser er nødvendig for at undgå, at fraværsmønsteret eskalerer.
Redaktionelt forord: 1968 - et jubilæum
Authors: Fink Nanna , Kærgård Niels
Published: September 2023

Jubilæer og mærkedage kan tage mange forskellige former; nogle bliver forbigået i stilhed, ja helst glemt, andre bliver fejretmed pomp og pragt. Det så man tydeligt i 2017, hvor vi havde tre store jubilæer, 100-året for Danmarks salg af De Vestindiske Øer, 100-året for den Russiske Revolution og 500-året for Martin Luthers teser og Reformationens start.
Politiske aktiviteter i 1960’erne - en insiders beretning
Authors: Fink Nanna , Larsen Steen Bille
Published: September 2023

Oprøret i 1960’erne bestod af mange elementer; Kampagnen mod Atomvåben, modstanden mod Vietnamkrigen, kvindebevægelsen, studenteroprøret og hippierne. I denne artikel gives en oversigt over de forskellige elementer i oprøret.
Nobelprisen i økonomi 2017: Richard Thaler
Authors: Fink Nanna , Reinholt Fosgaard Toke , Gårn Hansen Lars
Published: September 2023

Richard H. Thaler blev i 2017 tildelt Nobelprisen i økonomi for sit arbejde inden for adfærdsøkonomi. Prisen er givet for hans arbejde med at indarbejde erkendelser fra psykologi i økonomiske adfærdsmodeller. I Nobelkomiteens begrundelse peges der særligt på hans undersøgelser af konsekvenserne af begrænset rationalitet, sociale præferencer og manglende selvkontrol.
Kommunernes kamp om statslige tilskud
Authors: Fink Nanna , Kjærgaard Marie
Published: September 2023

Tilskud fra staten har stor betydning for kommunerne, der har et stærkt incitament til at påvirke beslutningstagere for at få flere tilskud. Artiklen undersøger, hvilke strategier kommuner bruger til at varetage deres interesser over for regeringen.
Kommunal service – et Giffen-gode?
Authors: Fink Nanna , Christoffersen Henrik , Larsen Karsten Bo , Gjedsted Søren Havn
Published: September 2023

I denne artikel analyseres det kommunale finansieringssystem. Den nuværende kommunale finansieringsmodel understøtter ikke en effektiv kommunal opgaveløsning, og det vil til stadighed nødvendiggøre øgede stramninger af den statslige regulering af kommunernes dispositioner. Derfor er der behov for en ny finansieringsmodel, der kan sikre det kommunale selvstyres overlevelse.
Udligning – et nordisk perspektiv
Authors: Fink Nanna , Borge Lars-Erik , Etzerodt Søren Frank , Mau Pedersen Niels Jørgen , Oulasvirta Lasse
Published: September 2023

Artiklen sammenligner det danske kommunale udligningssystem med det svenske, norske og finske med henblik på at vise forskelle og ligheder mellem de fire nordiske landes udligningssystemer. På denne baggrund argumenteres der for, at Danmarks udprægede brug af særlige tilskud bør beherskes.
Redaktionelt forord
Authors: Fink Nanna , Hede Anders
Published: September 2023

Velkommen til dette temanummer af Samfundsøkonomen om kriminalitet. Kriminaliteten falder, uanset om man måler på anmeldelser eller spørger befolkningen, om de har været ofre. Samtidigt er der et bredt flertal i Folketinget for en ”tough on crime”-linje med hovedvægt på hårdere straffe.
Bystander Intervention in Street Violence: Current Evidence and Implications for Practice
Authors: Fink Nanna , Liebst Lasse Suonperä , Philpot Richard , Heinskou Marie Bruvik , Lindegaard Marie Rosenkrantz
Published: September 2023

In street violence, bystanders are a potential resource for crime prevention, as they tend to be present when the police are absent. This paper describes evidence of bystanders taking an active role in the prevention of violence and considers implications for crime prevention initiatives.
Fem byggesten til en bedre hashpolitik
Authors: Fink Nanna , Hede Anders
Published: September 2023

Der er betydelig politisk interesse for at ændre på den danske hashpolitik i retning af legalisering. Motivationen er typisk ønsker om reduceret bandekriminalitet og mindre kriminalisering af almindelige hashbrugere. Men inden politikken ændres, er der grund til at være præcis omkring, hvilke problemer der egentlig er forbundet med et evt. øget forbrug af hash, om legalisering nødvendigvis indebærer kommercialisering, om man kan forestille sig mere optimale forbudsstrategier end den nuværende, og endelig hvordan en evt. politikændring kan følges og om nødvendigt korrigeres mere koordineret og rationelt. Artiklens argumentation er især baseret på erfaringer med ændret hashpolitik fra USA.
Den offentlige forskningsstøttes funktion og begrundelse
Authors: Dreyer Lassen David
Published: September 2023

Grundforskning kan anvendes og giver et stort afkast, men anvendelserne er svære at forudse, afkastet kommer ofte først på langt sigt, og der er en betydelig risiko for mislykkede projekter. Markedet kan derfor ikke generere tilstrækkelige midler til forskning; der er brug for offentlig støtte. Men det kræver dygtigt politisk håndværk at føre en sådan støtte til risikable projekter ud i livet. Artiklen diskuterer, hvad grundforskning er og beskriver det offentlige støttesystems opbygning og begrundelse.
BFI’s forførende egenskaber
Authors: Mouritzen Poul Erik
Published: September 2023

Den første registrering efter principperne i den bibliometriske forskningsindikator (BFI) blev foretaget for året 2008, og indikatoren blev brugt første gang ved fordelingen af finanslovsmidler til universiteterne i finansåret 2010. Men der findes stadig tusinder af danske forskere, der aldrig har hørt om BFI, eller som kun kender systemet ganske overfladisk; de findes især på DTU, på de medicinske fakulteter og ved de teknisk-naturvidenskabelige fag. Men der er også mange forskere, som oplever en dagligdag præget af BFI, som f.eks. har flyttet sig fra bogpublikationer til artikler, og som har helt styr på deres BFI-point.
Forskningen og samfundet
Authors: Kongsted H.C.
Published: September 2023

Universitetsforskere forventes i stigende grad at engagere sig med erhvervslivet, den offentlige sektor og det bredere samfund til gavn for vækst og udvikling i samfundet. Der er ofte en tendens til at fokusere relativt snævert på kommercialiseringsorienterede aktivitetersom etablering af spin-off-firmaer, licensiering eller salg af universitetsejede patenter. Det udgør dog kun »toppen af isbjerget«, når man ser på universiteternes overordnede samspil med erhvervslivet. Faktisk tyder meget på, at andre mindre synlige mekanismer fylder mere både i det samlede volumen og i bidraget til formidling og anvendelse af universitetsgenereret viden, metoder og teknologi.
Trump, republikanerne og konservatismen
Authors: Reimer-Elster Mirco
Published: September 2023

Artiklen nuancerer den gængse opfattelse, at Donald Trump er en politisk outsider, der ikke kan betegnes som hverken republikaner eller konservativ. Frem for bare at se USA’s præsident som et politisk, retorisk og stilistisk opgør anskues Trump som en ”afhængig uafhængig”. Dette modsætningsforhold har været et centralt skisma i Trumps politiske karriere: for mens Trump ikke førte valgkamp som en klassisk konservativ, har den angiveligt så uortodokse outsider i høj grad ageret som en klassisk konservativ og republikansk præsident. Det svære spørgsmål er derfor, hvorvidt Trump er i færd med at forandre Det Republikanske Parti, eller hvorvidt konservatismen er i færd med at forandre Trump.
Trump på udebane
Authors: Hansen Birthe
Published: September 2023

I tiden som præsident har Donald Trump demonstreret en række ”stilistiske” særtræk, der har brudt med den diplomatiske tradition. Når man ser på målene i Trump-regeringens udenrigspolitiske kurs, er særtrækkene imidlertid ikke så distinkte. Som Obama har han søgt at nedbringe USA’s internationale engagement og sat fokus på den nærmeste rival – Kina. Desuden har Donald Trump satset på at begrænse free-riding, der er en stor udfordring for en enesupermagt. Der har dog også været forskelle: mere pres i Kina-politikken og på mellemøstenområdet, og i.f.t. internationalt lederskab har Trump forladt den samlende linje. Tiltagene er sket i lyset af, at styrkeforspringet mellem USA og Kina er blevet formindsket over en årrække. Trump-regeringens kurs kan således beskrives som en radikalisering af Obamaregeringernes.
Klimakrisen
Authors: Folke Henriksen Lasse , Hede Anders
Published: September 2023

Velkommen til dette temanummer af Samfundsøkonomen om klimakrisen.Klimakrisen er formentlig den største samlede udfordring, som menneskeheden har stået over for. Hvor man indtil for få år siden antog, at der var relativt god tid til at udvikle løsninger, så er konsensus i dag, at klimasystemet er skrøbeligt, og at tiden til at sikre dramatiske reduktioner i udledningen af drivhusgasser er meget kort.
Outsourcing og omstilling: de danske drivhusgasudledninger genfortolket
Authors: Friis Lund Jens , Bjørn Anders , Bosack Simonsen Mikkel , Gaarsmand Jacobsen Stefan , Blok Anders , Jensen Charlotte Louise
Published: September 2023

I denne artikel præsenterer og sammenligner vi de danske drivhusgasudledninger per person over tid som opgjort efter UNFCCC’s territorialprincip og et forbrugsbaseret princip baseret på en input-output database. Sammenligningen viser, at de forbrugsbaserede udledninger er højere og er faldet langsommere end udledningerne baseret på UNFCCC-princippet. En stigende andel af udledningerne forbundet med opretholdelsen af det danske samfund og danskernes levevis falder dermed uden for de mål, vi aktuelt forholder os til politisk herhjemme. Vi udleder dernæst et mål for drivhusgasudledninger per person i 2030 baseret på emissionsscenarier, som opfylder Paris-aftalens målsætning og en lige ret til udledning for alle personer i verden. Vi viser, at selv hvis det lykkes at nå det danske reduktionsmål på 70 % for territorielle emissioner i 2030, så vil den gennemsnitlige danskers forbrugsbaserede drivhusgasudledninger med høj sandsynlighed fortsat ligge væsentligt over det globale gennemsnitlige niveau, som kræves, hvis vi skal opfylde Paris-aftalens målsætning. Vi foreslår på den baggrund, at Danmark aktivt søger at reducere også de dele af de forbrugsbaserede udledninger, som ikke tælles i det danske regnskab under UNFCCC-princippet.
Transportsektorens CO2-udfordring
Authors: Nielsen Otto Anker , Pilegaard Ninette
Published: September 2023

CO2-udledningen fra transportsektoren i Danmark er steget siden 1990, og forventningen er, at udledningen fra denne sektor vil stå for den største andel i de kommende år i Danmark. Umiddelbart er det vanskeligt at pege på lette løsninger for transportsektoren. Dels fordi de tekniske løsninger endnu ikke har nået samme gennembrud som i mange andre sektorer, og dels fordi der også fremover kan forventes en stigning i transportarbejdet. Transport påvirker alle dele af samfundet og effektiv mobilitet er afgørende for et velfungerende samfund med udviklingsmuligheder, og det er derfor vigtigt fortsat at sikre denne mobilitet. Håndtering af transportsektorens CO2-udledning vil derfor forventeligt skulle bestå af en række løsninger, som giver en kombination afefterspørgselsregulering og fortsat tekniske fremskridt. I denne artikel gives et overblik over transportsektorens CO2-udfordring og beskriver mulige konkrete løsninger.
Overvågning af skibemissioner: Regionale kontra globale målsætninger
Authors: Barfod Michael Bruhn , Panagakos George
Published: September 2023

Der findes i dag to parallelle systemer til overvågning af skibes CO2-emissioner i Europa: ét på regionalt (EU) og ét på globalt plan. Selvom de to systemer har det samme endelige mål om at forbedre den maritime sektors CO2-aftryk, er de forskellige i både den tilgang, de følger, og de værktøjer, de benytter sig af. Nyeste forskning, der er foretaget på DTU Institut for Teknologi, Ledelse og Økonomi, ser nærmere på de indikatorer, der er foreslået til benchmarking af skibes brændstof-effektivitet. Resultaterne viser, at regionale målsætninger på dette område er mindre effektive end deres globale modparter.
Dynamic Analysis and Optimization of Rotating Permanent Magnet Dipole Pumps for Metallurgy
Authors:   , Kalvāns Matīss
Published: September 2023

The Doctoral Thesis delves into exploring electromagnetic induction pumps with permanent magnets for applications within the metallurgy. The study employed theoretical, computational, and experimental methodologies to examine these pumps' performance and the liquid metal's resultant flow. A novel device design was formulated, featuring dual rows of permanent magnet cylinders. It was ascertained that ensuring the stable functionality of such a device necessitates a precise arrangement of the magnets.
Dynamics of crime and inequality
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Instituto de Economía, Aylwin Trischler Alberto José
Published: September 2023

In this work, we examine the causal relationship between crime and inequality and explore potential policy options to reduce inequality and crime. To achieve this, we propose a general equilibrium heterogeneous agent model for crime, with incomplete markets, as well as search and matching frictions to characterize the crime dynamics. In it, agents choose to behave as model citizens or engage in opportunistic crime. The model provides an endogenous wealth distribution that turns out to be crucial in all of the agents decisions. Crime can be seen as an outside option for agents in the face of poor lawful economic choices. As a result, increasing security increases income and wealth inequality. Rising income inequality generates an increase in the level of crime, up to the point that inequality is so high that a share of prospective criminals prefer a lower income in exchange of less risk. These findings put inequality as one of the main determinants of crime in a society. Additionally, we assess the impacts of four policy measures on crime and inequality: labor taxation, direct transfers, imprisonment sentence length, and imprisonment consumption level. We compute optimal policy schemes under different assumptions.
Clinical Spectrum of Neonatal Encephalopathy and the Role of CK-MB Assay in Transient Myocardial Ischaemia in Neonates with Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kumar MK Senthil , Soundararajan Nallamuthu , Geethanjali Muthukumar
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Significant advancements have been made in the field of perinatal medicine through the use of newer monitoring technologies. However, birth asphyxia continues to cause prolonged hospitalisation due to multiple organ dysfunction and unfortunately, sometimes results in death. An elevation of the serum Creatine Kinase Myocardial Bound (CK-MB) fraction in myocardial ischaemia could indicate exposure to asphyxia and shock in neonates. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the clinical spectrum of Neonatal Encephalopathy (NE) and investigate Transient Myocardial Ischaemia (TMI) in neonates with Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy (HIE) using CK-MB assay at birth, 24 hours, and 72 hours. Materials and Methods: A prospective clinical study was conducted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Tamil Nadu, India. The study duration was eight months, from January 2014 to August 2014. A total of 70 term neonates admitted with NE symptoms were included. Among them, 65 babies with evidence of asphyxia, such as an Appearance, Pulse, Grimace,Activity and respiration (APGAR) score less than 3 at five minutes, heart rate less than 60 Beats Per Minute (bpm), meconium-stained amniotic fluid, or the need for positive pressure ventilation for more than one minute, were evaluated for TMI. Myocardial involvement was assessed through clinical evaluation, chest X-ray (CXR), Electrocardiogram (ECG), Echocardiography (ECHO), and CK-MB assay at birth, 24 hours, and 72 hours. Statistical analysis was performed using Epi Info software version 7.0. Results: The mean Gestational Age (GA) of the study participants was 38.97±1.31 weeks. During the study period, 70 babies were admitted with NE symptoms, and HIE was the cause of encephalopathy in 65 babies. Other causes included hypoglycaemia, intraventricular haemorrhage, and bilirubin encephalopathy. Meconium staining of amniotic fluid was the most common intrapartum event in HIE babies. The survival rate in encephalopathy cases was 28.57%. Shock and respiratory failure were common complications in HIE, representing 46.15% and 44.61% respectively. Cardiomegaly in CXR, ST depression in ECG, Tricuspid Regurgitation (TR) in ECHO, and elevated CK-MB were commonly detected in babies with TMI associated with HIE. Conclusion: NE caused by HIE has a high mortality and morbidity rate. 83.3% of asphyxiated babies with shock had elevated CK-MB levels at birth, but the CK-MB values at 24 hours and 72 hours were not significantly elevated.
Efficacy of Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Sequelae with Cystic Bronchiectasis and Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Tiwari Pooja Ramesh , Vardhan Vishnu Diwakar , Tayade Vishakha , Jain Moli
Published: September 2023

Cystic bronchiectasis, also known as saccular bronchiectasis (a severe type of bronchiectasis), is a condition that occurs as a complication and sequelae after pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB). There is chronic permanent dilation of bronchi that occurs after destructive changes in elastic and muscular layers of bronchial walls which further leads to the ballooning of bronchi and difficulty in clearing secretions with recurrent infection of the respiratory tract. Pulmonary hypertension is another major complication after bronchiectasis which affects pulmonary circulation. A 44-year-old female reported to the physiotherapy department with cystic bronchiectasis and pulmonary hypertension. The positive symptoms were chronic cough with mucoid sputum, low-grade fever, chest pain, breathlessness (modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) grade III), and easy fatiguability. The goals were set and inpatient Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR) started with the aim of reducing burdening of symptoms and promoting the Quality of Life (QoL). The therapeutic interventions were splinted coughing techniques, deep breathing exercises, thoracic expansions, postural correction exercises, dyspnoea relieving positions, strength training, and pacing techniques. After rehabilitation the ventilation along with strength improved, dyspnoea was reduced, and exercise tolerance was increased.
Role of B-scan in Blunt Ocular Trauma: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Gupta Anshi , Singh Avaneesh , Gupta Preeti
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Ocular trauma is a significant cause of unilateral vision loss, especially in developing countries. Proper assessment of ocular damage and prompt treatment initiation after the injury have a crucial impact on the final outcome. B-scan Ultrasonography (USG) plays an important role in detecting findings that may not be evident during clinical examination. Aim: To assess the role of B-scan in blunt ocular trauma and to determine if B-scan provides any additional advantages over clinical examination. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 1, 2021 to April 30, 2022, at Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Sitapur, Uttar Pradesh, India. Fifty consecutive patients with blunt ocular trauma, presenting with hazy or opaque ocular media or unexplained visual loss during clinical examination, were evaluated in the casualty and ophthalmology Out Patient Department (OPD). The frequency of lesions such as traumatic cataract, vitreous degeneration, and retinal detachment was assessed clinically and using B-scan USG. Anterior and posterior segment manifestations of blunt trauma, including traumatic cataract, vitreous haemorrhage, and retinal detachment, were evaluated clinically and with B-scan imaging. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0, including frequency counts, percentage calculations, and Kappa’s statistical analysis to correlate B-scan USG and clinical findings. Results: Majority of patients (28%) were in the age group of 21-30 years. Workplace-related injuries, particularly agricultural injuries, were the most common cause of blunt ocular trauma (30%). Traumatic cataract (44%), vitreous degeneration (8%), vitreous haemorrhage (6%), and retinal detachment (4%) were the common clinical posterior segment findings. On B-scan USG, the most frequent findings were retinal detachment (30%) and vitreous haemorrhage (28%). Choroidal detachment was noted in 2% of cases. B-scan USG was more helpful in accurately diagnosing vitreous lesions and retinal lesions (52%, 30%) compared to clinical examination (16%, 6%). Conclusion: B-scan USG emerged as a superior diagnostic tool for identifying posterior segment lesions, including vitreous, retinal, and choroidal lesions. Lesions such as retinal detachment and vitreous haemorrhage were more easily identified using USG, especially in the presence of hazy or opaque media. Therefore, B-scan USG should be considered an integral part of all ophthalmic set-ups dealing with trauma to avoid missing significant posterior segment pathologies.
Evidence-based Dentistry: A Potential Tool for Best Dental Practice
Authors: Bendala Janani , Nitin Priyanka , Hegde Usha , Sheshanna Sreeshyla Huchanahalli , Rajashekaraiah Premalatha Bidadi
Published: September 2023

Tried and tested methods exist that are taught throughout the training and course of study for dental students in patient examination and clinical diagnosis. It is impractical to change the entire field of dentistry and abandon the commonly followed techniques that have proved highly efficient and accurate in the past years. However, with the ever-growing advances in the clinical community, it would be prudent to improve our current practices to ensure that clinicians stay up to date with the demands of the dental world, as well as those of the patients, whose awareness is constantly evolving. This can be achieved by using Evidence-Based Dentistry (EBD) as a diagnostic tool and incorporating it into everyday dental treatments and patient interactions. By following the necessary steps and incorporating EBD into dental practices, clinicians can meet patient expectations satisfactorily while maintaining their competency. Practices and dental education establishments can review existing guidelines and become more familiar with the EBD process, paving the way for further improvements in a dentist’s skill set and the method itself. EBD has the capacity to bridge the gap between evidence, knowledge, and practical application, attracting more attention in the scientific and clinical arenas. It has the potential to be a game changer, creating a smoother and well-organised workflow. The use of EBD will enhance the world of dentistry, taking it a step further from its current state.
Extensive Eccrine Squamous Syringometaplasia Mimicking Squamous Cell Carcinoma on Histopathology
Authors: Patkar Rakesh Rajiv , Mishra Shilpa , Neelakantan Amrita
Published: September 2023

Eccrine Squamous Syringometaplasia (ESSM) is a histologically distinctive skin eruption occurring predominantly in acral or intertriginous areas presenting as erythematous macules, papules or patches. It is a response of eccrine ducts and glands to any injury or inflammation. The cuboidal epithelium of eccrine ducts and glands undergoes metaplasia and transforms to keratinised squamous epithelium in ESSM. Other types of metaplastic changes encountered are squamous, mucinous and adenomatous. In squamous syringometaplasia, the metaplastic squamous cells form lobules and florid types can pose a diagnostic dilemma, which if not well understood may lead to an erroneous diagnosis of neoplasia. Literature suggests ESSM as a condition associated with another pathogenic stimuli or therapy; however florid ESSM is very rare. Hereby, the authors present a case report of a 43- year- old male who presented florid ESSM mimicking well-differentiated Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC). The present case presented with a non healing elevated lesion on anterior aspect of right leg with itching. Similar lesions were not present in any other part of the body. The patient did not have history of any systemic disease or drug intake. The lesion was excised and sent for histopathology. On gross examination the skin showed irregular thickening and foci of erosion. Microscopy showed acanthotic, hyperkeratotic epidermis and dermal ESSM. There were irregular clusters of metaplastic squamous cell in dermis, resembling invasive islands of SCC. Meticulous examination revealed lobulated architecture of ESSM, lack of individual cell keratinisation/significant atypia or mitosis. The present report highlights the significance of histopathological diagnosis of benign squamous proliferations which can mimic malignancy and cause undue stress to the patient.
An Aberrant Case of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Trachea in Female Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Mahajan Nabha , Phatak Suresh , Dhok Avinash , Jakhotia Yash
Published: September 2023

Tracheal tumours can be either benign or malignant. Benign tumours grow slowly and may mimic the clinical presentation of chronic lung diseases, resulting in delayed diagnosis. Conversely, rapidly growing malignant tumours present early with locally advanced disease. Hereby, the authors present a case of a 54-year-old female who presented with complaints of breathlessness at rest and cough with expectoration for one year, with a background history of chronic bidi smoking for 20 years. Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) showed an ill-defined soft tissue mass lesion above the carina, partially obstructing its lumen with heterogeneous post-contrast enhancement. During bronchoscopy, an endotracheal pedunculated mass was observed in the proximal one-third of the trachea, occluding the distal airway. The excised mass was confirmed as Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) on histopathological examination {Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)}. The presence of co-morbid conditions in the patient, the site of the tumour, and the availability of treatment options are some of the factors that influence the survival rate of this rare airway tumour.
Rehabilitation of Anterior Maxillectomy Patient with Dyna Magnets Retained Hollow Obturator: A Case Report
Authors: Singhal Mukesh Kumar , Chauhan Shalini , Rathi Aditi , Singh Vishawajyoti , Raut Akash
Published: September 2023

Prosthetic rehabilitation of midfacial defects has always been a challenging treatment plan in prosthodontics. These defects lead to functional and aesthetic deficiencies. These defects are less commonly rehabilitated by surgical construction alone. Typically, a prosthesis is required to restore both function and aesthetics. In the present study, the authors present the case of a 54-yearold male patient who had undergone partial maxillectomy for a verrucous lesion and complains of difficulty in mastication and speech. The objective of the treatment was to fabricate a 2-piece obturator with magnet attachments, facilitating easy insertion and removal. The final prosthesis demonstrated satisfactory retention, stability, and functional efficiency for the patient.
TÜRKÇEDE İLK ÇEVİRİ ELEŞTİRİSİ: KISSA-İ ANTER MUKADDİMESİ
Authors: GÜLER Muhammed İkbâl , BAYRAM Yavuz
Published: September 2023

Muallakatü’s-Seb’â şairi olarak bilinen, aynı zamanda kahramanlığı ile nam salmış olan Anter bin Şeddâd’ın hayatı etrafında oluşturulan Sîretü’l-Anter hikâyesi, asırlarca farklı coğrafyalarda dilden dile dolaşmıştır. Anter bin Şeddâd’ın yaşamış olduğu VI. yüzyılda Arap coğrafyasında sözlü edebiyat geleneğinde varlık bulan bu hikâye, XII. yüzyılda yazıya geçirilmiş ve hikâyenin tamamı ilk defa Fatih Sultan Mehmed’in emriyle 1477 yılında Türkçeye tercüme edilmiştir. Mütercimi belli olmayan Kıssa-i Anter tercümesinin mukaddimesi, mevcut bilgiler ışığında, Türkçede ilk çeviri eleştirisi olma özelliğini taşımaktadır. Bahsi geçen mukaddimede mütercim tarafından verilen bilgilere göre hikâye kendisinden önce de Türkçeye tercüme edilmiş; lâkin bu tercümelerin farklı başlıklar altında sıralanan birçok hususta eksiklikler barındırdığı tespit edilmiştir. Bahsi geçen mukaddimenin konu edildiği bu çalışmada öncelikle Kıssa-i Anter’in Topkapı Sarayı Müzesi Kütüphanesi’nde H. 1145 yer numarasıyla kayıtlı birinci cildinde yer alan mukaddimesinin çeviri yazılı metni ve dil içi çevirisi verilmiştir. Mukaddimede anlatılan tercüme sürecinin maddeler hâlinde aktarıldığı bölümden sonra mütercimin yararlandığı ve eleştiri yönelttiği Arapça ve Türkçe kaynaklara ulaşılmıştır. Tespit edilen nüshalardaki izlerden hareketle mütercimin kendisinden önceki tercümeye yaptığı eleştirilerin somut verileri çıkarılmış ve ilgili veriler yorumlanmıştır. Ortaya çıkan tabloda Kıssa-i Anter tercümesinde adı bilinmeyen birden fazla müterciminin olabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmış ve mütercimin kimliği ile metnin dönemi değerlendirilmiştir. Son bölümde ise tercüme sürecinde mütercimin tetkik ettiği nüshalara ve ortaya koyduğu çeviriye ait sayısal veriler aktarılarak tercümeye neden “Kitâb-ı Fâhir” (iftihar edilecek kitap) adının verildiği sorgulanmıştır.
Community Knowledge and Attitudes towards the Critically Endangered Mountain Bongo in Mount Kenya Wildlife Conservancy
Authors: Njeru Justin , Fundi Peter
Published: September 2023

Aims: To assess local community knowledge and attitudes towards the conservation of the critically endangered Mountain bongo in Mt Kenya Wildlife Conservancy.

Study Design:  Descriptive research design was used.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the community neighboring Mount Kenya Wildlife Conservancy and the adjacent part of the Mt Kenya Forest during the month of March 2020.

Methodology: The survey targeted approximately 500 households that are less than 3 kilometers from the conservancy and forest boundaries. Households were considered as sampling units and these were selected using systematic random sampling technique. The interviews were conducted in a semi-structured manner and colored photographs of the Mountain bongo and 12 other selected mammals found in the region were used to assess respondent’s basic knowledge about the animals.

Results: The results captured 142 informants where 71.8% of the respondents could identify the mountain bongo but only 18.3% were aware of its vernacular name. Knowledge on habitat requirements, feeding habits, threats and conservation value differed significantly from what was expected (p<0.05). Based on logistic regression, the knowledge could be predicted based on gender and age and whether one had a previous interaction with the animal.  We found that 57% of the respondents supported bongo conservation whereas 40.8% were undecided and this was associated with lack of knowledge about the animal.  In addition 27.5% of the respondents appreciated mountain bongo because of attracting tourists, 12.0% felt that the antelope was attractive, 8.5% liked its size, 4.2% liked its products such as bushmeat, 4.2% liked its aggressiveness and 0.7% liked its interesting behaviour.

Conclusion: Although bongos could be identified by most respondents, basic ecological knowledge of the animal is limited in the community. A pro-conservation attitude towards bongos exists in the community, but the utilitarian value attached to it and its habitat could be a threat to its conservation in the Mt Kenya. Local community support for conservation of the Mountain bongo in Mt Kenya was influenced by gender, age and knowledge of the animal and these factors should be considered when creating conservation awareness in the community.
Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles from Millingtonia hortensis and Their Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Efficacy
Authors: Thakur Shabnam Kumari , N. V. L. Suvarchala Reddy V.  , Ganga Raju M.  , Sree Poojeetha , Sowmya Sappa , Sree Lakshmi S.  , Suchitra J.
Published: September 2023

The current study focuses on the green production of silver nanoparticles utilising an ethanolic extract of Millingtonia hortensis leaves. This medicinal plant was high in the phenol and flavonoids classes of chemicals. They converted silver nitrate into silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which were then characterised by FT-IR, particle size analysis, and Zeta potential. The FT-IR analysis confirmed the existence of several functional groups around AgNPs. The particle size examination revealed that the synthesised silver nanoparticles were spherical in shape and nano in size. The zeta potential of AgNPs was determined to be -14 mV; this negative value validates particle repulsion and so increases the formulation's stability. The antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties of AgNPs were investigated, and the results revealed significant free radical scavenging ability, inhibition of carbohydrate digesting enzymes (α-Amylase and α-glucosidase). The green synthesized silver nanoparticles were found to be a promising phyto-medicine for the treatment of diabetes.
Study of Genetic Variability for Yield and Quality Parameters in Newly Developed Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Interspecific Derivatives Over Two Seasons
Authors: Varshitha, V.  , Prabhavathi, K.  , Meena, H. P.  , Yadav Praduman
Published: September 2023

The present investigation was conducted to study genetic parameters for sixteen characters viz., days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, head diameter, leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves per plant, 100 seed weight, volume weight, seed yield/plant, seed length, seed width, stem girth, leaf area index, chlorophyll content and oil content at ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research during kharif-2022 and rabi-2022-23, respectively. The study included a total of 50 advanced (BC2F6) interspecific derivatives derived using five diploid annual compatible Helianthus species along with three checks (ARM-243B, DRSF-108 and DRSF-113). Analysis of variance revealed significant differences for all the traits. High variation was observed for plant height and seed yield/plant and lowest was observed for 100 seed weight, oil content and head diameter. The difference between GCV and PCV was low for all the characters indicating less influence of environmental factors on the expression of these traits. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance in percent of mean was observed for plant height, leaf width, number of leaves/plant, volume weight, 100 seed weight, stem girth, leaf area index and chlorophyll content indicating additive gene action in the expression of these traits. Simple phenotypic selection may be effective for improving these characters. High heritability coupled with low genetic advance was observed for days to maturity and oil content suggesting involvement of non-additive gene action in the expression of these traits indicating little scope for further improvement through individual plant selection. The results showed that the experimental material used had a substantial quantity of genetic variability to be used in crop development programs in the future.
Economic Analysis Based on Benefit Cost Ratio Approach for Rice Crop in Combination with the Bio-Inoculants and Chemical Fertilizers
Authors: Yadav Rishikesh , Kumar Robin , Yadav Dev Narayan , Kumar Umesh
Published: September 2023

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2022 to evaluate the effect of different NPK levels and bio-inoculants on growth, yield and economics of NDR-2065. Factorial Experiment was laid out in completely randomized block design involving three NPK levels i.e. control, 60% RDF, 80% RDF and 100% RDF in combination with three levels of bio- organics viz.  BGA + PSB, Azolla + PSB and BGA + Azolla + PSB along with seven treatment combinations replicated    thrice. The total per ha-1 paddy and straw yield of rice varieties amounted a  sum  of  ₹ 122721  for  T5 (80% RDF + 500kg Azolla ha-1 Soil application + PSB),  ₹ 116048  for  T2 100% RDF (150, 60, 40 N2, P2O5, K2O kg ha-1), ₹ 111108 for  T3 (80% RDF + 10 kg BGA ha-1 Soil application + PSB), ₹ 107709 for T6 (60% RDF + 500kg Azolla ha-1   Soil application +PSB) and ₹ 86580 for T1 under control. The Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) was higher for T5 having value of 2.0 and least for T1 with a value of 1.3. The treatment combination T2, T6 and T3 presented a close value of Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) with respect to each other viz. 1.8, 1.7 and 1.7 respectively.
Cultural, Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Ustilaginoidea virens Causing Rice False Smut in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Devadharshini K. , Anand T. , Gopalakrishnan C. , Umarani R. , Prasad V. Babu Rajendra
Published: September 2023

Rice false smut, caused by the fungus Ustilaginoidea virens is one of the most destructive and re-emerging disease in many rice growing areas of Tamil Nadu, India. The current study was carried out to characterize different isolates of Ustilaginoidea virens collected from major rice growing areas in Tamil Nadu, India. The pathogen was isolated by different isolation methods, out of which inner spore dust was effective. The colony was milky white to yellowish white, fluffy, leathery and compact. The colony diameter ranged between 35.33 mm and 65.33mm. The mycelium was hyaline, septate and width of the hyphae ranged between 1.84 and 3.10 µm. The size of the conidia was also varied among the isolates and the maximum size (6.35 µm) was observed in FS 6 isolate and minimum in FS 2 (4.10 µm). The growth of fungus in different media was examined. The maximum colony diameter was observed in Potato Sucrose Agar (PSA) medium and minimum growth in Czapek Agar (CA) medium. The molecular confirmation was done through U. virens-specific internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region amplification using the primers, US 1-5/US3-3. The primers amplified a product of 380 bp which are specific for the fungus U. virens. The identity of the fungus was further confirmed through ITS sequencing which showed 98-99% sequence homology. The dendrogram showed two main clusters; cluster I comprised of five isolates (FS1, FS2, FS9, FS10 and FS3), while Cluster II consisted of five isolates (FS4, FS8, FS6, FS5 and FS7).
Entre trabalhadoras
Authors: Sousa Rosa Gouvea , Pereira Celso Sanchez , Batista Cássia Beatriz , Queiroz Isabela Saraiva de
Published: September 2023

Esta produção trata sobre alianças entre trabalhadoras do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), do Sistema Único de Assistência Social (Suas) e da Educação, de uma região periférica de Minas Gerais. Sua escrita foi feita a partir de memórias de uma integrante e coautora nesta produção. Situamos a narrativa, no ano de 2023, durante o abrandamento da pandemia por covid-19, para interpretar práticas e saberes de enfrentamento ao pensar e ao fazer impostos pela ação pública, partícipe de um Estado de exceção fortalecido pelo descaso e pelo autoritarismo e que agravou as condições de existência e de permanência no território centro-sul mineiro. Para tanto, nos inspiramos em Glória Anzaldúa e em Yuderkys Espinosa-Miñoso para abordar as alianças, e em Patricio Guerrero Arias para interpretarmos estas alianças como conjuras emergentes aos SUS, Suas e Educação. A partir de práticas e saberes, feitos em coletivo, a primeira autora retoma caminhos possíveis para alianças a partir da colaboração por entre fronteiras e por denúncias à construção moderno-colonial de gênero no Brasil.
Workplace Discrimination and Burnout Among Asian Nurses in the US
Authors: Jun Jin , Kue Jennifer , Kasumova Ana , Kim Minjin
Published: September 2023

This cross-sectional study analyzes the association of workplace discrimination with burnout among Asian nurses in the US.
Gravitational Shifting of a Pigmented Iris Lesion in a Young Boy
Authors: Card Kevin R. , Barke Matthew R. , Shields Carol L.
Published: September 2023

A 13-year-old boy with a history of sports-related blunt trauma to the left eye was referred for evaluation of an asymptomatic, pigmented iris lesion. Slitlamp examination revealed a round, pigmented lesion measuring 3 × 3 mm in basal dimension and with gravitational shifting within the anterior chamber fluid with patient head tilt. What would you do next?
Use of Physical Therapy and Subsequent Falls Among Patients With Dizziness in the US
Authors: Marmor Schelomo , Karaca-Mandic Pinar , Adams Meredith E.
Published: September 2023

Importance

Among adults who present for clinical evaluation of dizziness, there is a critical need to identify interventions, such as physical therapy (PT), to mitigate the risk of falls over time.

Objective

The primary objective was to examine the association between receipt of PT and falls requiring medical care within 12 months of presentation for dizziness. Secondary objectives included identification of factors associated with falls requiring medical care and factors associated with receipt of PT after presentation for dizziness.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study examined US commercial insurance and Medicare Advantage claims from January 1, 2006, through December 31, 2015. In all, 805 454 patients 18 years or older with a new diagnosis of symptomatic dizziness or vestibular disorders were identified. Data were analyzed from October 1, 2021, to February 1, 2023.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Receipt of PT services and the incidence of falls requiring medical care were measured. The association between receipt of PT and falls that occurred 12 months after presentation for dizziness was estimated after accounting for presentation setting (outpatient clinic or emergency department), Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI; with higher scores indicating greater morbidity), diagnosis code, and sociodemographic characteristics.

Results

A total of 805 454 patients presented for dizziness from 2006 through 2015 (median [range] age, 52 [18-87] years; 502 055 females [62%]). Of these patients, 45 771 (6%) received PT within 3 months of presentation for dizziness and 60 060 (7%) experienced a fall resulting in a medical encounter within 12 months after presentation for dizziness. In adjusted models, patients least likely to receive PT were female (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.80; 95% CI, 0.78-0.81), those aged 50 to 59 years (AOR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.65-0.70] compared with patients aged 18-39 years), and those with more comorbidities (AOR, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.70-0.73] for CCI ≥ 2 vs 0). Receipt of PT services within 3 months of presentation for dizziness was associated with a reduced risk of falls over the subsequent 12 months, with the greatest risk reduction found within 3 months after PT (AOR, 0.14 [95% CI, 0.14-0.15] at 3-12 months vs 0.18 [95% CI, 0.18-0.19] at 6-12 months and 0.23 [95% CI, 0.23-0.24] at 9-12 months).

Conclusions and Relevance

Results of this cohort study suggest that receipt of PT after presentation for dizziness was associated with a reduction in fall risk during the subsequent 12 months; thus, timely PT referral for dizziness may be beneficial for these patients. Future research, ideally with a clinical trial design, is needed to explore the independent impact of PT on subsequent falls for adults with dizziness.
Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Dynamic Electrode for Geological Disaster and Fall‐Down Self‐Powered Alarm System
Authors: Zhou Qitao , Deng Shujun , Gao Along , Wang Boyou , Lai Jianxin , Pan Jing , Huang Lei , Pan Caofeng , Meng Guowen , Xia Fan
Published: September 2023

Among numerous sensors and alarm systems for the Internet of Things (IoTs), an alarm system for geological disasters or falls directly relates to the safety of people's lives and property. However, the energy supply and complex signal processing limit their wide application and reliability. As an emerging new energy technology, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) can be used as a sensor power supply or even an active self‐powered sensor. Unfortunately, for the existing alarm systems based on TENGs, the signal intensity change caused by the occurrence of danger is still limited, making the method of simply judging whether the signal strength exceeds the threshold to alarm not so reliable. Herein, a dynamic electrode for switching high and low output voltage is demonstrated. By introducing short‐circuit and air breakdown effects through the novel dynamic electrode, the output voltage of this kind of device in the trigger state is nearly three orders of magnitude higher than that in the normal state. Based on the dynamic electrodes, a series of portable and wearable alarm systems are developed and applied to the fall‐down alarm system and rockfall alarm system. Therefore, this work offers a new strategy to improve the reliability of alarm systems for geological disasters or falls and exhibit immense potential in the field of protecting people's lives and property.