bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-reservoir real-time operation rules: a new genetic programming approach
Authors: Akbari-Alashti Habib , Bozorg Haddad Omid , Fallah-Mehdipour Elahe , Mariño Miguel A.
Published: February 2014

This paper employs non-linear programming, genetic algorithms and fixed-length gene genetic programming (FLGGP) for the real-time operation of a three-reservoir system (Karoon4, Khersan1 and Karoon3) in which dependent and independent approaches are used to forecast the hydroelectric energy generated by the system. A total deficiency function as well as efficiency criteria are used to investigate the results obtained. The latter indicate that the more flexible FLGGP gives the most efficient function for the extraction of reservoir operation rules in both dependent and independent approaches. By comparing the two approaches, no significant difference was observed. Consequently, due to the simplicity of the application of the forecast-independent approach, it is suggested for application in the extraction of reservoir operation decision rules. Moreover, the advantages of a three-reservoir system operation over a single-reservoir system operation reflect the efficiency of the integrated management of water resource systems.
Using Police Data to Measure Children’s Exposure to Neighborhood Violence: A New Method for Evaluating Relations Between Exposure and Mental Health
Authors: Boxer Paul , Sloan-Power Elizabeth , Piza Eric , Schappell Ashley
Published: February 2014

Studies have identified a robust association between children’s exposure to violence and their mental health. Yet, most of this research has been based on self-reported exposure and self-reported mental health. In this study, we used a new, map-based method via police data for measuring children’s exposure to violent crime and compared it to child self-reports and parent reports of exposure. Results suggest that child self-reports of violence exposure may not be valid except for exposure to murder, but police and parent reports of violent crime can reveal interesting relations between violence and mental health. Children showed higher levels of internalizing problems in the absence of police-reported murder and parent-reported robbery. Discussion emphasizes implications for measurement as well as theory building.
Secondary Transition Personnel Preparation in Rehabilitation Counselor Education Programs
Authors: Plotner Anthony J. , Fleming Allison R.
Published: February 2014

Rehabilitation counselors are increasingly called on to provide services to transition-aged youth. However, preparation and training efforts are not sufficient to ensure that counselors have the required knowledge and skills to adequately serve these students and young adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate how secondary transition-content is infused in rehabilitation counseling programs. Specifically, (a) which transition-related competencies are considered to be most important; (b) how much instructional time is devoted to transition content; and (c) to what extent faculty believe that graduates of their program are prepared to serve transition-aged youth. Results indicated that transition issues are touched on in rehabilitation counselor preparation, but the extent to which this content is infused varies. Students are pursuing fieldwork and employment experiences serving transition youth, but educators reported varied perceptions on how prepared they are to do so. Finally, there were significant differences between the perception of importance and preparation of students regarding domains of knowledge in transition. Implications for counselor preparation and additional areas of research are presented.
A Multisite Study of the Prevalence of HIV With Rapid Testing in Mental Health Settings
Authors: Blank Michael B. , Himelhoch Seth S. , Balaji Alexandra B. , Metzger David S. , Dixon Lisa B. , Rose Charles E. , Oraka Emeka , Davis-Vogel Annet , Thompson William W. , Heffelfinger James D.
Published: February 2014

Objectives. We estimated HIV prevalence and risk factors among persons receiving mental health treatment in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Baltimore, Maryland, January 2009 to August 2011.

Methods. We used a multisite, cross-sectional design stratified by clinical setting. We tested 1061 individuals for HIV in university-based inpatient psychiatric units (n = 287), intensive case-management programs (n = 273), and community mental health centers (n = 501).

Results. Fifty-one individuals (4.8%) were HIV-infected. Confirmed positive HIV tests were 5.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.7%, 9.4%) for inpatient units, 5.1% (95% CI = 3.1%, 8.5%) for intensive case-management programs, and 4.0% (95% CI = 2.6%, 6.1%) for community mental health centers. Characteristics associated with HIV included Black race, homosexual or bisexual identity, and HCV infection.

Conclusions. HIV prevalence for individuals receiving mental health services was about 4 times as high as in the general population. We found a positive association between psychiatric symptom severity and HIV infection, indicating that engaging persons with mental illness in appropriate mental health treatment may be important to HIV prevention. These findings reinforce recommendations for routine HIV testing in all clinical settings to ensure that HIV-infected persons receiving mental health services are identified and referred to timely infectious disease care.
The Effect of Household Smoking Bans on Household Smoking
Authors: Hennessy Michael , Bleakley Amy , Mallya Giridhar , Romer Daniel
Published: February 2014

Objectives. Because household smoking levels and adoption of domestic smoking rules may be endogenously related, we estimated a nonrecursive regression model to determine the simultaneous relationship between home smoking restrictions and household smoking.

Methods. We used data from a May–June 2012 survey of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, households with smokers (n = 456) to determine the simultaneous association between smoking levels in the home and the presence of home restrictions on smoking.

Results. We found that home smoking rules predicted smoking in the home but smoking in the home had no effect on home smoking restrictions.

Conclusions. Absent in-home randomized experiments, a quasi-experimental causal inference suggesting that home smoking rules result in lower home smoking levels may be plausible.
Prevalence and Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Newly Arrived Refugees in San Diego County, January 2010–October 2012
Authors: Bennett Rachel J. , Brodine Stephanie , Waalen Jill , Moser Kathleen , Rodwell Timothy C.
Published: February 2014

Objectives. We determined the prevalence and treatment rates of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in newly arrived refugees in San Diego County, California, and assessed demographic and clinical characteristics associated with these outcomes.

Methods. We analyzed data from LTBI screening results of 4280 refugees resettled in San Diego County between January 2010 and October 2012. Using multivariate logistic regression, we calculated the associations between demographic and clinical risk factors and the outcomes of LTBI diagnosis and LTBI treatment initiation.

Results. The prevalence of LTBI was highest among refugees from sub-Saharan Africa (43%) and was associated with current smoking and having a clinical comorbidity that increases the risk for active tuberculosis. Although refugees from sub-Saharan Africa had the highest prevalence of infection, they were significantly less likely to initiate treatment than refugees from the Middle East. Refugees with postsecondary education were significantly more likely to initiate LTBI treatment.

Conclusions. Public health strategies are needed to increase treatment rates among high-risk refugees with LTBI. Particular attention is required among refugees from sub-Saharan Africa and those with less education.
Bridging the Divide: HIV Prevention Research and Black Men Who Have Sex With Men
Authors: Andrasik Michele Peake , Chandler Christian , Powell Borris , Humes Damon , Wakefield Steven , Kripke Katharine , Eckstein Daniel
Published: February 2014

Objectives. We obtained contextual information regarding documented barriers to HIV clinical trial participation among Black men who have sex with men (MSM), and explored current preventive HIV clinical trial attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions among Black MSM leaders in the United States.

Methods. We conducted 2 focus groups with Black MSM leaders attending an annual African American MSM Leadership Conference on HIV/AIDS. Focus group questions explored biomedical research perceptions and attitudes, barriers to participation in biomedical prevention research, and steps that need to be taken to address these barriers. A feedback and member checking (participants presented with final themes to provide feedback and guidance) session was also held at the 2012 conference.

Results. Three distinct themes emerged regarding Black MSM engagement and participation in HIV vaccine research: (1) community-based organizations as true partners, (2) investment in the Black gay community, and (3) true efforts to inform and educate the community.

Conclusions. A key focus for improving efforts to engage the Black MSM community in preventive HIV clinical trials is building and maintaining equitable and reciprocal partnerships among research institutions, Black-led AIDS service organizations and community-based organizations, and community members.
Homelessness and Other Risk Factors for HIV Infection in the Current Outbreak Among Injection Drug Users in Athens, Greece
Authors: Sypsa Vana , Paraskevis Dimitrios , Malliori Meni , Nikolopoulos Georgios K. , Panopoulos Anastasios , Kantzanou Maria , Katsoulidou Antigoni , Psichogiou Mina , Fotiou Anastasios , Pharris Anastasia , Van De Laar Marita , Wiessing Lucas , Jarlais Don Des , Friedman Samuel R. , Hatzakis Angelos
Published: February 2014

Objectives. We examined HIV prevalence and risk factors among injection drug users (IDUs) in Athens, Greece, during an HIV outbreak.

Methods. We used respondent-driven sampling (RDS) to recruit 1404 IDUs to the Aristotle intervention in August to October 2012. We interviewed participants and tested for HIV. We performed bivariate and multivariate analyses.

Results. Estimated HIV prevalence was 19.8% (RDS-weighted prevalence = 14.8%). Odds of infection were 2.3 times as high in homeless as in housed IDUs and 2.1 times as high among IDUs who injected at least once per day as among less frequent injectors (both, P < .001). Six percent of men and 23.5% of women reported transactional sex in the past 12 months, and condom use was low. Intercourse with non-IDUs was common (53.2% of men, 25.6% of women). Among IDUs who had been injecting for 2 years or less the estimated incidence rate was 23.4 new HIV cases per 100 person-years at risk.

Conclusions. Efforts to reduce HIV transmission should address homelessness as well as scaling up prevention services, such as needle and syringe distribution and other risk reduction interventions.
Physical Activity and Inactivity and Risk of Hip Fractures in Men
Authors: Feskanich Diane , Flint Alan J. , Willett Walter C.
Published: February 2014

Objectives. We assessed associations between activity and hip fracture in men.

Methods. The Health Professionals Follow-up Study reported time spent walking, sitting, and in 10 other discretionary activities every 2 years in 35 996 men aged 50 years and older from 1986 to 2010. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) for risk of hip fracture by amount of activity and sitting in Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for age, body mass index, smoking, medication use, disease diagnoses, and diet.

Results. Over 24 years, participants reported 490 low-trauma hip fractures. Energy expenditure from all activities was weakly associated with lower risk of fracture. More walking time, with little other exercise, lowered risk by 43% (HR = 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.39, 0.83 for ≥ 4 vs < 1 hours/week), and risk decreased linearly with more frequent walking (P < .001). Brisk (vs leisurely) pace lowered risk by 47%. Sitting lowered risk (HR = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.43, 0.89 for ≥ 50 vs < 20 hours/week), primarily among those who also walked for exercise. We observed no benefit of strenuous activity.

Conclusions. Walking is a relatively safe and easy activity for hip fracture prevention.
Life Course Socioeconomic Status and Longitudinal Accumulation of Allostatic Load in Adulthood: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Merkin Sharon Stein , Karlamangla Arun , Diez Roux Ana V. , Shrager Sandi , Seeman Teresa E.
Published: February 2014

Objectives. We examined the association of childhood and adult socioeconomic status with longitudinal change in allostatic load (AL), a measure of biological dysfunction.

Methods. The study sample included 6135 participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, aged 45 to 84 years, recruited in 2000 from 6 US counties; 3 follow-up examinations took place through September 2011. We calculated standardized scores for several metabolic and cardiovascular components relative to accepted clinical cut points for “higher risk” and then summed them to create an overall index of AL. We used mixed effects growth curve models to assess the relationship between socioeconomic status and AL as a linear function of time passed since the baseline examination; we included random effects for the intercept and slope.

Results. Among those with lower baseline AL (< median), high adult education was associated with a significantly slower increase in AL over time, whereas there was no significant association among those with higher baseline AL.

Conclusions. The relationship between socioeconomic status and patterns of change in health parameters may vary over time and with the accumulation of biological risk.
State Indoor Tanning Laws and Adolescent Indoor Tanning
Authors: Guy Gery P. , Berkowitz Zahava , Jones Sherry Everett , O’Malley Olsen Emily , Miyamoto Justin N. , Michael Shannon L. , Saraiya Mona
Published: February 2014

Objectives. Recently, several state indoor tanning laws, including age restrictions, were promulgated to reduce indoor tanning among minors. We examined the effects of these laws on adolescent indoor tanning.

Methods. We used nationally representative data from the 2009 and 2011 national Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (n = 31 835). Using multivariable logistic regression, we examined the association between state indoor tanning laws and indoor tanning among US high school students.

Results. Female students in states with indoor tanning laws were less likely to engage in indoor tanning than those in states without any laws. We observed a stronger association among female students in states with systems access, parental permission, and age restriction laws than among those in states without any laws. We found no significant association among female students in states with only systems access and parental permission laws or among male students.

Conclusions. Indoor tanning laws, particularly those including age restrictions, may be effective in reducing indoor tanning among female high school students, for whom rates are the highest. Such reductions have the potential to reduce the health and economic burden of skin cancer.
Combining Ability of Early‐maturing White Maize Inbreds under Stress and Nonstress Environments
Authors: Badu-Apraku B. , Oyekunle M. , Akinwale R.O. , Lum A. Fontem
Published: February 2014

Maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids resistant to Striga hermonthica (Del) Benth and tolerant to drought are vital to the sustainability of productivity of the maize‐based farming systems of West and Central Africa (WCA). Thirty‐six diallel crosses derived from nine early maturing white maize inbreds were evaluated under drought, well‐watered, striga‐infested, and striga‐free conditions at five locations in Nigeria between 2007 and 2009. The objective was to examine the combining ability, performance and stability of the inbreds, and to identify the heterotic groups. Additive and nonadditive gene actions were important in the control of the inheritance of drought tolerance and striga resistance in the inbreds. General combining ability (GCA) mean squares of grain yield and other traits were larger than those of specific combining ability (SCA), indicating that additive gene action was more important in the inheritance of drought tolerance. The GCA mean squares for striga damage rating at 8 and 10 weeks after planting (WAP) were about six and five times greater than those of the SCA, indicating that additive gene action played a major role in the inheritance of the striga traits. The GGE biplot analysis revealed that TZEI 4 and TZEI 5 were the most promising inbreds in yield performance and stability across the test environments. Two heterotic groups were identified; [TZEI 7, TZEI 19, TZEI 2, TZEI 4] and [TZEI 5, TZEI 3]. Tester TZEI 3 was the closest to the ideal tester. Entry TZEI 7 had the highest GCA effects and TZEI 2 the lowest.
Investigation of deformation and microstructure of bainite in Cu-9.97%Al-4.62%mn alloy
Authors: Aldirmaz E. , Aksoy I.
Published: February 2014

In this study, some physical and mechanical properties in Cu-9.97%Al-4.62%Mn
(wt%) alloy were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron
Microscopy (SEM) and compression deformation test. Bainite phase were
obtained in the samples according to SEM and XRD analyses. Compression
stress was applied on the alloy in order to investigate the deformation
effect on the bainite phase transformation. On the surface of the
Cu-9.97%Al-4.62%Mn alloy after the deformation, both bainite and martensite
variants formed.
Antimony production by carbothermic reduction of stibnite in the presence of lime
Authors: Padilla R. , Chambi L.C. , Ruiz M.C.
Published: February 2014

Experimental work on the carbothermic reduction of Sb2S3 in the presence of
lime was carried out in the temperature range of 973 to 1123 K to produce
antimony in an environmentally friendly manner. The results demonstrated the
technical feasibility of producing antimony by this method without producing
SO2 gas. Complete conversion of Sb2S3 was obtained at 1023 K in about 1000
seconds and at 1123 K in less than 250 seconds using stibnite-carbon-lime
mixtures with molar ratios Sb2S3:CaO:C = 1:3:3. It was found that the
reduction proceeds through the formation of an intermediate oxide SbO2, which
is subsequently reduced by CO(g) to yield antimony metal and CaS. The
kinetics of the Sb2S3 reduction was analyzed by using the equation ln(1-X) =
-kt. The activation energy was 233 kJ mol-1 in the temperature range of 973
to 1123 K. This value would correspond to an antimony catalyzed carbon
oxidation by CO2.
The Influence of Impurities in Feed Ingots on the Quality of Castings Made from Nickel Superalloy IN-713C
Authors: Binczyk F. , Cwajna J. , Sozańska M. , Gradoń P.
Published: February 2014

The paper presents the results of research on the impact of impurities in the feed ingots (master heat) on the precipitation of impurities in the ATD thermal analysis probe castings. This impurities occur mostly inside shrinkage cavities and in interdendritic space. Additionally, insufficient filtration of liquid alloy during pouring promotes the transfer of impurities into the casting. The technology of melting superalloys in vacuum furnace prevents the removal of slag from the surface of molten metal. Because of that, the effective method of quality assessment of feed ingots in order to evaluate the existence of impurities is needed. The effectiveness of ATD analysis in evaluation of purity of feed ingots was researched. In addition the similarities of non-metallic inclusions in feed ingots and in castings were observed.
Sclero-topometry Metrology in Valorisation of Waste Oil for Micro-machining of Ductile Cast Iron
Authors: Eymard S. , Ignaszak Z. , Mathia T.G.
Published: February 2014

During the time, the specific characteristics and the efficient lifetime of oil progressively decrease, due to complex pollution, ultimately making the oil unsuitable for the initial applications. The strategy to regenerate and to valorise waste oils is investigated using improved combinations of sclerometric and topometric tests on ductile nodular cast iron. Tribo-abrasive tests are performed in critical conditions, with base oil, waste oil and regenerated oil, of similar viscosities in order to discriminate their interfacial performances. The forms of the scratch traces indicate wear resistance and tendency to elasto-plastic deformation. The mechanisms of deformation and frictional behaviours were evaluated using optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy and measured for various tribological conditions with tactile and optical profilometry. The Energy Dispersive X ray Spectroscopy completes the chemical superficial distribution of pertinent elements. The surface topography metrology is used to characterize the scratch profiles and to determine the volume of the displaced and removed material, as well as maximum pit height. The originality of this paper is that it is a unique approach specifically devoted to transformer oil concerning tribological conditions.
Elution of Mixed Moulding Sands with the GEOPOL Binder and Core Sands with the Phenolic Resin
Authors: Holtzer M. , Żymankowska-Kumon S. , Dańko R. , Kmita A.
Published: February 2014

Out of moulding and core sands used in the foundry industry, sands with organic binders deserve a special attention. These binders are based on synthetic resins, which ensure obtaining the proper technological properties and sound castings, however, they negatively influence the environment. Depending on the kind of the applied resin under an influence of a temperature such compounds as for example BTEX group and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can be formed and released. During storing or economic utilization of used sand is possibility of eluting harmful substances into the environment. Therefore at assessing an influence of the used sand on the environment two above elements should be taken into consideration. Only such investigations provide the complete assessment of the given sand harmfulness.
Integration of Computer Tomography and Simulation Analysis in Evaluation of Quality of Ceramic-Carbon Bonded Foam Filter
Authors: Karwiński A. , Małysza M. , Tchórz A. , Gil A. , Lipowska B.
Published: February 2014

Filtration of liquid casting alloys is used in casting technologies for long time. The large quantity of available casting filters allows using them depending on casting technology, dimensions of casting and used alloys. Technological progress of material science allows of using new materials in production of ceramic filters. In this article the Computed Tomography (CT) technique was use in order to evaluate the thickness of branch in cross section of 20ppi ceramic-carbon bonded foam filter. Than the 3D image of foam filter was used in computer simulation of flow of liquid metal thru the running system.
The Quality of Compressed Air as the Necessary Condition the Improving the Process Efficiency in Foundry Plants
Authors: Wrona R. , Ziółkowski E. , Smyksy K. , Brzeziński M.
Published: February 2014

A foundry plant as a manufacturing system operates in accordance with the methods and principles making up the entire process of casting production, involving the use of machines and installations. One of the factors transforming the foundry plant’s static structure into the dynamic -processing structure is the compressed air. Practically each procedure making up the casting manufacturing process involves compressed air. Its sources include compressor machines connected to the receiving tanks, making up the compressed air transport installation. Two major aspects are to be addressed in compressed air management: the engineering and economic ones. The engineering aspect involves the manufacturing of compressed air with the required quality features and in the amount balancing its demand, whilst the economic aspect is associated with cost minimisation. This paper investigates the engineering aspects: air quality, with the main focus on air treatment processes to satisfy the constructional and operational requirements of air receivers present in the casting processes.
“A THING LIKE DEATH”: MEDICAL REPRESENTATIONS OF FEMALE BODIES IN SHAKESPEARE’S PLAYS
Authors: Perletti Greta
Published: February 2014

While the hysterical ailments of women in Shakespeare’s works have often been read from psychoanalytical standpoints, early modern medicine may provide new insights into the ‘frozen’, seemingly dead bodies of some of his heroines, such as Desdemona, Thaisa, and Hermione. In the wake of recent critical work (Peterson, Slights, Pettigrew), this paper will shed fresh light on the ‘excess’ of female physiology and on Shakespeare’s creative redeployment of some medical concepts and narratives.
An assessment of hydrodynamic and simulated race performance features of three C-1 hull designs
Authors: Robinson Michael G. , Holt Laurence E. , Pelham Thomas W.
Published: February 2014

Purpose

Recently engineered Canadian Single (C-1) canoe hull designs have been found to produce less resistive drag than the traditional Delta design in tow tank test conditions. If these laboratory findings were found to be similar to on-water performance tests, then these new hull designs could give canoe sprint athletes a competitive advantage. However, these claims have not been independently confirmed nor has it been shown that these new designs result in improved performance under race conditions. Three C-1 hull designs (traditional Delta and the recently engineered Armageddon and Ergo-Starlight) were compared in order to detect differences in C-1 boat dynamics.

Methods

The C-1 canoes were propelled by eleven national- and international-class paddlers who performed 350-m all-out trials from a dead start in each of the three crafts. One-way ANOVA compared differences in means for individual 50-meter segment and 350-meter performance times.

Results

Performance times over the 350-meter race simulations were significantly faster (p = 0.038) among international-class paddlers with the Armageddon and Ergo-Starlight designs compared with the Delta.

Conclusions

International level canoeists should expect improved performance times by choosing the Armageddon and Ergo-Starlight versus the Delta-designed C-1.
Autumn migration of soaring birds in North Dobrogea, Romania: a study with implications for wind farm development
Authors: Fülöp Attila , Bărbos Lőrinc , Bóné Gábor M. , Daróczi Szilárd J. , Dehelean Luca A. , Kiss Réka B. , Kovács István , Nagy Attila , Papp Tamás
Published: February 2014

In Dobrogea, a core area for wind energy exploitation in Romania, existing knowledge regarding the intensity and pattern of bird migration is limited. In the absence of enumerated data, wind farms may be constructed in areas where large aggregations of migrants pass. In this study we recorded the intensity of the autumn migration of soaring birds in three locations within the Măcin Mountains, where wind farms are planned to be built. The locations chosen were at Văcăreni, Greci and Cerna villages. Furthermore we categorized all migrating individuals as threatened or non-threatened by the planned wind farms, based on their migration routes and height at local scale. At Văcăreni 4.716 individuals were counted, 3.394 raptors and 1.322 non-raptors, at Greci 2.387 individuals, 2.064 raptors and 323 non-raptors, and finally at Cerna, 5.268 individuals, 4.529 raptors and 739 non-raptors. At all three sites a significant proportion of birds, both raptors and non-raptors, were found to be threatened by the proposed wind farms. At Văcăreni 68.33% of raptors and 84.95% of non-raptors were at threat, at Greci 44.48% and 54.18% respectively, and at Cerna 59.37% and 94.86%. As such we conclude that intensive migration occurs in North Dobrogea and wind farms would have a considerable negative impact on migrants in the studied areas
Technological Alternatives or Use of Wood Fuel in Combined Heat and Power Production
Authors: Rusanova Jekaterina , Markova Darja , Bazbauers Gatis , Valters Kārlis
Published: February 2014

Abstract Latvia aims for 40% share of renewable energy in the total final energy use. Latvia has large resources of biomass and developed district heating systems. Therefore, use of biomass for heat and power production is an economically attractive path for increase of the share of renewable energy. The optimum technological solution for use of biomass and required fuel resources have to be identified for energy planning and policy purposes. The aim of this study was to compare several wood fuel based energy conversion technologies from the technical and economical point of view. Three biomass conversion technologies for combined heat and electricity production (CHP) were analyzed:

• CHP with steam turbine technology;

• gasification CHP using gas engine;

• bio-methane combined cycle CHP.

Electricity prices for each alternative are presented. The results show the level of support needed for the analyzed renewable energy technologies and time period needed to reach price parity with the natural gas - fired combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) CHPss. The results also show that bio-methane technology is most competitive when compared with CCGT among the considered technologies regarding fuel consumption and electricity production, but it is necessary to reduce investment costs to reach the electricity price parity with the natural gas CCGT.
Concentration of Elements in Food: How Can It Reflect Impact of Environmental and Other Influencing Factors?
Authors: Vincevica-Gaile Zane , Klavins Maris
Published: February 2014

Element content of food is variable and can be influenced by different factors. The aim of the present study was to discover the linkage between macro- and microelement concentrations in food produced in Latvia, and possible impacts of environmental factors. More than 300 fresh food samples such as eggs, cottage cheese, honey, root vegetables, apple juice, apple wine were collected in the time period from 2009 to 2011. Samples were mineralised or analysed directly by appropriate method of quantitative analysis: atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry or total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Statistical analysis of data revealed that food elemental content can be influenced by sitespecific factors such as geographical origin, seasonality, environmental pollution.
Analysis of the Validity of Environmental Kuznets Curve for the Baltic States
Authors: Lapinskienė Giedrė , Tvaronavičienė Manuela , Vaitkus Pranas
Published: February 2014

The paper analyses a traditional Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) relationship between greenhouse gases (GHG) and gross domestic product (GDP), extending the research to include some additional factors, such as environmental tax, research and development expenditure, implicit tax rate on energy, primary production of coal and lignite, energy intensity of the economy taken from the Eurostat database. The EKC indicates that, at the early stages of economic growth, pollution increases with the growing use of resources, but when a certain level of income per capita is reached, the trend reverses so that, at a higher development stage, further economic growth leads to the improvement of the environment. In the first part of the research, the validity of the reduced EKC for the Baltic region for the period 1995-2008 is determined. In the second part, the impact of selected factors is statistically tested. In both cases, the standard cubic equation is used because it is believed that this model is the most accurate for the development stage of this region. The research results may be useful for climate change policy design.
Scale-adaptive simulation of liquid mixing in an agitated vessel equipped with eccentric HE 3 impeller
Authors: Dománski Marek , Karcz Joanna , Bitenc Marcelina
Published: February 2014

The current study presents the results of a numerical simulation of hydrodynamics in an agitated vessel equipped with an eccentric HE 3 impeller. CFD (computational fluid dynamics) simulations were carried out using ANSYS 14.0 software. Time-dependent simulations of turbulent flow were carried out using the SAS-SST (scale adaptive simulation-shear stress transport) method coupled with the SM (sliding mesh) method. The results of the calculations are presented as contours of velocity in different cross-sections of the agitated vessel, as well as profiles of components of velocity vector and turbulence kinetic energy and its dissipation rate. The iso-surface of vorticity, which shows the region of possible vortex existence, is also presented. A numerically obtained data set of impeller power number was used to calculate the averaged impeller power number. This value was compared with the experimental data with good results. The relationship between impeller position and fluctuation of the impeller power number was also analysed.
Natural radioactivity distribution and gamma radiation exposure of beach sands from Sithonia Peninsula
Authors: Papadopoulos Argyrios , Christofides Georgios , Koroneos Antonios , Stoulos Stylianos
Published: February 2014

This study aims to evaluate the activity concentrations of 238U, 226Ra, 232Th, 228Th and 40K along the beaches of Sithonia Peninsula which are adjacent to the rock-types of the Sithonia Plutonic Complex. These range from 6–673, 5–767, 5–1750, 6–1760 and 185–875 Bq/kg respectively. The (% wt.) heavy magnetic (HM) fraction (epidote, allanite, hornblende, biotite and garnet), the heavy non-magnetic (HNM) fraction (monazite, zircon, titanite and apatite) and the total heavy (TH) fraction, were correlated with the concentrations of the measured radionuclides in the bulk samples. The HNM fraction seems to control the activity concentrations of 238U in all samples, while the HM fraction, at least for the heavy mineral rich samples bearing high amounts of epidote crystals with allanite cores, controls their 232Th content. The measured radionuclides in beach sands were normalized to the respective values measured in the granitic rocks, which are their most probable parent rocks, in order to provide data on their enrichment or depletion. The annual effective dose varies from 0.013 to 0.688 mSv y−1 for local people working on the beach, while for tourists the annual external effective dose ranges between 0.003 and 0.165 mSv y−1.
Finance Capitalism, Landnahme and Discriminating Precariousness – Relevance for a New Social Critique
Authors: Dörre Klaus
Published: February 2014

This contribution discusses the return of the ‘social question’ to the basically still wealthy and secure societies of the Global North. Referring to the case of German welfare capitalism, a historically new form of discriminating precariousness is being identified. This type of precariousness results from processes of a market driven, capitalist Landnahme. The paper argues that this specific form of precariousness should be the subject matter of a renewed, scientific social critique.
ENGINEERING-GEOLOGICAL MAPS OF GEOLOGICAL FACTORS OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN SLOVAKIA
Authors: Baliak František , Brček Martin
Published: February 2014

In recent years, we have witnessed very frequent natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, landslides, storms and similar. In most cases, disasters are caused by geological factors, especially geobarriers. Geobarriers threaten the life and works of man or reduce the effectiveness of the construction and operation of technical works, or harm the environment by negative anthropogenic influences. An important task in assessing the technical and environmental aspects of particular engineering activity is to assess the impact of constructions on the production and protection of the environment. The important part of the environment is the geological environment. In this paper, we give an overview of geological factors of the environment and the way how they are illustrated in the engineering-geological maps made in Slovakia.
REDUCTION OF DERIVATIVE PIPELINE EFFORT IN WATER TURBINE
Authors: Flis Leszek , Dobrociński Stanisław , Kiełczyński Wojciech
Published: February 2014

The article presents an approach to evaluate and reduce the effort of the derivative pipeline in a water turbine of a hydroelectric power station in its vulnerable spots. Potential places of the biggest effort of the structure, as well as the coefficient of displacement and safety factor related to them were identified using FEM numerical method. Pipeline reinforcement was designed and made based on FEM analysis and non-destructive tests.
SHAPE OPTIMIZATION OF UNDERGROUND EXCAVATION BY SIMULATED ANNEALING
Authors: Sobótka Maciej , Łydżba Dariusz , Różański Adrian
Published: February 2014

The paper deals with the problem of shape optimization of underground tunnel excavation. In the pioneering work of Sałustowicz, the elliptic shape was assumed a priori to be an optimal one and then a determination of suitable semi-axes ratio was only the question. Two cases were distinguished there: self-supporting excavation and excavation with the structural support. An evolutionary structural optimization (ESO) procedure, employed in 2005 to optimize shape of underground excavation, confirms the assumptions concerning the case of self-supporting excavations. The case of supported excavation is considered in the present work. Optimization procedure of the simulated annealing (SA) is incorporated in the study. An energetic optimality condition, formulated in the authors’ previous papers is also adopted. Itasca FLAC software is utilized in numerical examples. Four different in situ stress ratios are investigated. The numerical results obtained confirm that the optimal shape tends to be an ellipse. The semi-axes ratio demonstrates compliance with the assumptions already existing in literature.
SOME ASPECTS OF JOINING PILES
Authors: Jaremski Jan
Published: February 2014

Application of the pile joining is a new solution of the complex pile foundation including the base, made in the ground, and the piles joining the base with the girt. This kind of piles can be used for foundation under special geological conditions (proglacial stream valleys) for foundation reinforcement of the existing buildings and new foundations. The solution proposed may be used in the swelling soils. In this work, the possibilities of applying joining piles in different soils, like fine sands, silts, clays, clay shale, sandstones, which can be the foundation for the pales have been considered.
NUMERICAL MODELLING FOR UNDERGROUND MINING RELATED GEOTECHNICAL ISSUES
Authors: Florkowska L.
Published: February 2014

Issues presented in this work relate to geotechnical problems that are specific to the mining areas. The paper discusses the methodology of mathematical and numerical modeling of these problems. Examples contained in the paper include: predicting the influence of mining exploitation on a detached building and evaluating the effectiveness of the building protection with the trench. Possible applications of numerical modeling as a tool to aid the continuous monitoring of the building state during the exploitation have also been discussed
OLD ENGLISH ADJECTIVAL AFFIXATION: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
Authors: Vea Escarza Raquel
Published: February 2014

The aim of this article is to carry out a structural-functional analysis of the formation of Old English adjectives by means of affixation. By analysing the rules and operations that produce the 3,356 adjectives which the lexical database of Old English Nerthus (www.nerthusproject.com) turns out as affixal derivatives, a total of fourteen derivational functions have been identified. Additionally, the analysis yields conclusions concerning the relationship between affixes and derivational functions, the patterns of recategorization present in adjective formation and recursive word-formation.
Like in Similes – A Relevance-Theoretic View
Authors: Wałaszewska Ewa
Published: February 2014

The paper examines the meaning of like as used in similes in the light of relevance theory. Similes, even though superficially indistinguishable from literal comparisons, are found to be closer to metaphors. Therefore, it is proposed that like in similes is different from like employed in literal comparisons. In particular, it is claimed that, contrary to the current relevance-theoretic position on this issue, like in similes introduces an ad hoc concept. This like is seen as both conceptual and procedural and, as such, it is distinct from both the conceptual like used in literal comparisons and the procedural like functioning as a pragmatic marker. Such a solution accounts for the similarities and differences between similes, metaphors and literal comparisons.
On representation of multimeasure
Authors: Olko Jolanta
Published: February 2014

We consider a multimeasure with the Radon-Nikodym derivative and apply its Castaing representation to get a representation of the multimeasure.
Polymorphism of ESR, FSHß, RBP4, PRL, OPN genes and their influence on morphometric traits of gilt reproductive tract before sexual maturity
Authors: Kapelański Wojciech , Eckert Robert , Jankowiak Hanna , Mucha Aurelia , Bocian Maria , Grajewska Salomea
Published: February 2014

The aim of the study was to examine the effect of gene polymorphism on the development of the reproductive system in 100 Polish Large White and 100 Polish Landrace gilts. Gilts were slaughtered when they reached 100 kg, and their uterus weight and length, as well as the ovary weight and volume were evaluated. Differences between gilts of both breeds were observed in some traits of the reproductive system, such as the uterine weight without the broad ligament (P ≤ 0.05) and the uterine capacity (P ≤ 0.01). Polish Landrace gilts were characterized with higher uterine weight and higher uterine capacity; they were also younger at the time of slaughter (P ≤ 0.05). No BB homozygote relative to the oestrogen receptor gene was found in the examined populations of Polish Landrace gilts. Also, a very low number of gilts with the AA genotype relative to follicle stimulating hormone gene was observed in both populations. Polymorphism of the examined genes had an effect on numerous traits which define the size of particular uterine sections, and thus it influenced the development of potential fertility of gilts before they entered the reproductive cycle. Based on our results we can conclude that genetic determination of reproductive potential occurs already in prepubertal gilts. The results may be used for the prognosis of fertility potential in gilts.
Canine gastrointestinal tract tumours: a restrospective study of 74 cases
Authors: Frgelecová Lucia , Škorič Miša , Fictum Petr , Husník Roman
Published: February 2014

The aim of our study was to investigate histopathologically the incidence of gastrointestinal tract tumours in dogs in the Czech Republic in relation to their age, sex and breed. In total, 29 gastric and 45 intestinal tumours from 3827 gastrointestinal tract biopsies were investigated. The average age of dogs with gastric lymphoma, adenocarcinoma, and other mesenchymal tumours was 7.3 years, 9.5 years, and > 10 years, respectively. Breed predisposition to adenocarcinoma was evidenced in the Belgian Shepherd and Leonberger, to lymphoma in the Doberman (P < 0.01). The most frequent site of adenocarcinoma was antrum pyloricum (66.7%); lymphomas involved gastric wall diffusely. The average age of dogs with intestinal adenoma, adenocarcinoma, lymphoma, leiomyoma or leiomyosarcoma and carcinoid was 7.5, 8.5, 8.5, 12, and 14 years, respectively. The age predisposition to intestinal adenoma and lymphoma was 7–8 years (P < 0.01) and to adenocarcinoma 7–8 years (P < 0.05); mesenchymal tumours occurred at the age of 11–12 years (P < 0.01). Breed predisposition to intestinal adenoma was evidenced in the Pug, Leonberger and English Setter (P < 0.01), to adenocarcinoma in the English Setter (P < 0.01) and Hovawart (P < 0.05), to lymphoma in the Doberman and Hovawart (P < 0.05). The most frequent site of occurrence of intestinal tumours was the colorectal region. The study revealing breed, sex and age predisposition to gastrointestinal tumours in dogs has not been described yet in the literature.
Association of increased erythrocyte osmotic resistance with haematological and histopathological findings in dogs with a congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt
Authors: Řeháková Kristína , Uhríková Ivana , Raušerová-Lexmaulová Leona , Lorenzová Jana , Stehlík Ladislav , Jánová Eva , Škor Ondřej , Doubek Jaroslav
Published: February 2014

The aim of the study was to investigate changes in erythrocyte osmotic resistance in relation to haematological and histological changes in dogs with a congenital portosystemic shunt. Osmotic fragility tests with complete blood counts and liver histological examinations were performed in 12 dogs with single extrahepatic portosystemic shunt confirmed by surgical exploration. Laboratory results were compared with those from 30 healthy dogs. Dogs with portosystemic shunt had a significantly increased erythrocyte osmotic resistance (P< 0.01) with 5%, 50% and 90% haemolysis corresponding to 0.45%, 0.35% and 0.30% NaCl solution, respectively. Statistical analyses revealed no correlation between haematological indicators and the osmotic fragility test results. Increased osmotic resistance was significantly associated with hepatic lipogranulomas. Based on these results, dogs with a congenital portosystemic shunt have a significantly increased erythrocyte osmotic resistance suggesting impaired red blood cell deformability. Osmotic resistance test that until now was not studied in canine hepatopathies seems to be independent of routinely performed haematological tests.
Effects of peroral supplementation of different forms of zinc on the ruminal mucosa of goat kids – a morphometric study
Authors: Černík Julius , Pavlata Leoš , Pechová Alena , Mišurová Ľubica , Jokverová Olga , Luňáček Jiří , Halouzka Roman
Published: February 2014

The aim of the study was to identify the effect of supplementation of various forms of zinc on the ruminal mucosa and dimensions of ruminal papillae in 6-month-old goat kids. The experimental period lasted from weaning to slaughter (4 months). All 20 kids divided into four groups of five animals, were fed with the same feeding dose, which was different only in the quantity and form of zinc. Control group was without additional zinc supplementation (group A), the other groups were supplemented with zinc in the form of ZnO (group B), zinc in the form of chelate (group C) and zinc in the form of lactate (group D). Samples for histopathological and morphometric examination were collected after the slaughter of all animals from the bottom of saccus ruminis ventralis everytime from the same place. Significant differences were reported within the comparison of the length of ruminal papillae between groups B and C (P = 0.026) and B and D (P = 0.040), within the comparison of the width of ruminal papillae between groups A and D (P = 0.020) and within the comparison of the intensity of keratinisation of the mucosa of ruminal papillae between groups A and B (P = 0.034), A and C (P = 0.038) and A and D (P = 0.001). Histopathological and morphometric examination of ruminal mucosa indicated that the ruminal papillae of kids supplemented with zinc in the form of ZnO (group B) were better developed compared to the other groups. This result indicates better utilisation of the supplemented zinc in the form of ZnO.