bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The relationship between the diet, microelements, macronutrients and vitamins on the schizophrenia – literature analysis
Authors: Kozyra Magdalena , Klas Jakub , Szabat Marta , Samoń-Drzewicka Anna Maria , Milanowska Joanna
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Schizophrenia is a disease that affects approximately 1% of the population. It begins in adult humans. It turns out that there are factors that predispose to schizophrenia, and by modifying your lifestyle, you can reduce the likelihood of its occurrence. One of such factors is the diet and microelements, macronutrients and vitamins that we consume every day.The aim of the study: The aim of this study was to find out the relationship between the diet, microelements, macronutrients, vitamins and the schizophrenia disease.Material and method: The research of articles was done in the websites such as PubMed and Google Scholar. Description of the state of knowledge: Ketogenic and gluten-free diet are promising tools in decreasing the symptoms of and treating schizophrenia. Micro- and macroelement imbalances are present in schizophrenic patients, but their correlation with development of schizophrenia is not clear. Folate, vitamin D and vitamin B12 supplementation could prove useful in the treatment.Summary: There are many studies that try to combine the implications of a balanced diet and the proper supply of elements and their impact on schizophrenia's occurence and symptomology. Still, futher investigation of these topics is needed to provide the most suitable guidelines and applications of proper nutrition of schizophrenic patients.
Antibiotic and non-antibiotic treatment of urinary tract infections in the era of growing antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Wawrysiuk Sara , Żebrowska Małgorzata
Published: October 2020

Urinary tract infection is one of the most common indications for prescribing antibiotics among otherwise healthy patients. The lifetime risk of having urinary tract infection among the female population reaches up to 50%. Empirical antibiotic therapy is the first line of treatment in uncomplicated cases. Bacterial resistant to antibiotics is constantly increasing and it is resulting in the evolvement of multidrug-resistant pathogens but also causes a limitation in empirical treatment options. Due to growing antimicrobial resistance, local antimicrobial susceptibility patterns should always be considered especially when empirical treatment is introduced. The article shows the ongoing need for updates in local resistance patterns. Recommendations for the empirical treatment should be constantly verified with reference to the local antimicrobial resistance status. Non-antibiotic preparations may be useful only in the prevention of urinary tract infections.
Neuromodulation in the treatment of symptoms of spinal cord injury
Authors: Niemirski Dominik , Machowiec Piotr , Komisarczuk Mateusz , Maksymowicz Marcela , Leszczyk Patryk , Piecewicz-Szczęsna Halina
Published: October 2020

Introduction and purpose: Spinal cord injury may be associated with loss of motor and sensory functions, autonomic system functions and chronic pain. The development of technology has enabled the emergence of invasive and non-invasive methods of electrical and magnetic stimulation of the nervous system, which show a growing potential in the treatment of these symptoms in human and animal studies.The purpose of the study is a presentation of the most current studies about the selected methods of neuromodulation of the nervous system in the treatment of symptoms of spinal cord injury. Description of the state of knowledge: Neuromodulatory methods improve the functioning of patients affected by spinal cord injury. Studies on epidural stimulation of the spinal cord, transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation transcutaneous spinal cord, and use of neuromodulation methods in combination with brain-machine interfaces stimulation show a reduction of chronic pain resistant to pharmacotherapy, improvement of motor limb function, respiratory function and bladder function. However, there are few large randomized studies with higher evidence strength.Conclusions: Neuromodulation is effective in the treatment of symptoms of spinal cord injury. Promising results should lead to further research to increase the strength of evidence for the effectiveness of these therapies, improve technology and a deeper understanding of the mechanisms behind their effectiveness.
Risk factors of ovarian cancer: family history, obesity and oral contraceptive use
Authors: Kuchnicka Aleksandra Amalia , Zielińska Martyna , Zarankiewicz Natalia , Kosz Katarzyna , Piecewicz-Szczęsna Halina
Published: October 2020

Introduction and purpose:  Ovarian cancer (OC) takes the 7th place among most common female malignancies worldwide. There are almost 240 thousand of new cases diagnosed each year and the number is constantly growing. Defining risk factors of OC is essential to provide good education among women and predict this malignancy better. The aim of this review is to analyze the current data on risk factors of OC concentrating on family history, obesity andoral contraceptives use.  Material and method: This review was based on articles from 2010 to 2020 collected in PubMed and concerning the impact of several risk factors on developing OC. Results: The best described risk factor of OC is genetics and family history. 75% or hereditary OCs are associated to BRCA genes mutations, especially BRCA1. Other mutations increasing the risk of OC are MSH2 and MLH1 genes mutations. Diverse risk factors correlate with different histological subtypes of OC. Obesity increases the levels of estrogens, androgens and leptin, which may promote the proliferation of ovarian epithelial cells. Using oral contraceptives is related to 20% decreased risk of OC for each 5 years of use. Conclusions:  BRCA1/2, MSH2 and MLH1 mutations and obesity are well-defined risk factors of ovarian cancer. The first-choice risk-reducing procedure among BRCA carriers is bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. On the contrary, using oral contraceptives results in decreased risk of OC. Promoting knowledge about OC risk factors among women and healthcare professionals is crucial in order to reduce the number of ovarian cancer.
Psychopathology of mental and behavioral disorders in people with intellectual disability
Authors: Dębska Agnieszka , Zawadzka Agnieszka , Uniejewska Sylwia , Słoma Dorota
Published: October 2020

Introduction.Mental and behavioral disorders often coexist in people with intellectual disabilities. The prevalence of mental and behavioral disorders in people with intellectual disability, compared to people with the intellectual norm, differ in the form of manifestation of the symptoms of a given disorder depending on the degree of intellectual disability. Psychopathological and behavioral disorders are often mistakenly captured as a result of intellectual disability itself. Therefore, the correct diagnosis of people with mental retardation is an increasing value.Aim.The aim of this article is to present the issues of mental and behavioral disorders in the population of people with intellectual disabilities. Presentation of the symptomatology of these disorders and the subject of therapy in order to improve the functioning of people with intellectual disabilities.Summary.People with intellectual disabilities show a greater risk of developing mental and behavioral disorders. To date, no uniform diagnostic criteria have been established that would allow for a more accurate medical diagnosis. Increasing the knowledge of the functioning of people with intellectual disabilities who show mental disorders and the correct diagnosis would allow to increase the effectiveness of undertaken therapeutic tasks and improve the quality of life of people with mental disabilities.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) - risk factor, diagnostic and current treatment
Authors: Wojcik Justyna , Obuchowska Aleksandra , Ozga Alicja , Standyło Arkadiusz , Obuchowska Karolina , Piotrowska Paulina
Published: October 2020

Introduction:  Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine and metabolic disorders in women in reproductive age, defined as a combination of signs and symptoms resulting from androgen excess and ovarian dysfunction in the absence of other specific diagnoses. PCOS is often associated with an increased risk of obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic disorders and cardiovascular events. The aim of the study: The purpose of this systemic review was to collect and analyze materials about risk factors, diagnostics, and the current treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome.Material and method: Review of the literature published in 2004-2018.Description of the state of knowledge: PCOS is characterized by an excessive secretion of androgens from the ovaries and / or adrenal glands. Intrinsic ovarian factors, such as altered steroidogenesis, and factors external to the ovary, such as hyperinsulinemia, contribute to the ovarian overproduction of androgens. PCOS requires careful selection of an appropriate diagnostic method and therapeutic approach to combat hyperandrogenism, a consequence of ovarian dysfunction and related metabolic disorders. Treatment of both women at risk of PCOS and those with a confirmed diagnosis of PCOS includes education, healthy lifestyle interventions and symptomatic therapeutic interventions.Summary:  PCOS is a complex disorder involving many organs and affecting many body functions. It is important to diagnose this disease as soon as possible in order to implement appropriately selected therapeutic treatment aimed at eliminating disease symptoms and reducing the systemic consequences of hyperandrogenism in patients.
Changes in management of patients with cancer during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kosz Katarzyna , Zarankiewicz Natalia , Zielińska Martyna , Kuchnicka Aleksandra
Published: October 2020

Introduction:  As of March 11, 2020, COVID-19 has been declared as a global pandemic. It has spread rapidly and profoundly impact the function of health care system all around the world. As a result, management and organisation of oncology units had to be altered in order to provide security measures and safe care for patients.  Purpose: The aim of this paper is to review current knowledge involving management of patients with malignancies during COVID-19 pandemic. Particular attention has been paid to changes in diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with cancer. Material and methods: The review includes publications released in 2019 and 2020. The data has been collected by the use of PubMed, WHO website and other online published guidance. Results: As a lot of clinical trials has been suspended, current therapy options for patients with cancer has been also limited. Moreover, patients became fearful of becoming infected by SARS-CoV-2 and accordingly they were less likely to attend screening programmes. Additionally, as the amount of surgeries has been reduced, the need for radiotherapy service has increased. Chemotherapy has been found to be risky for patients with cancer as it may favour them to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusions: Appropriate security measures need to be implemented in order to protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection but optimal health care access should be provided as well. There is a high necessity to share knowledge and experience on the impact of pandemic on patients with malignancies. However, a lot of patients are fearful of COVID-19, adverse effects of delayed diagnosis, treatment and follow-up should not be diminished.
Assessment of women's knowledge about HPV vaccination in the light of the HPV infection as a risk factor for cervical cancer
Authors: Standyło Arkadiusz , Obuchowska Aleksandra , Wójcik Justyna , Ozga Alicja
Published: October 2020

Introduction Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies of female reproductive tract.  In Poland in 2017 CC accounted for 3.0% of all newly registered tumour cases among women, and was the eighth most common female malignancy.  Persistent infection with carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) is the leading risk facor. Currently, it is believed that infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV), especially its oncogenic types 16 and 18, is of fundamental importance in the development of cervical cancer. Vaccination prevents from  infection with certain types of viruses, and consequently the development of cancer induced by a given type of virus. Therefore, their effi­cacy can be measured only in the long term, in a large cohort of vaccinated adolescents reaching the age charac­terized by the peak incidence of these cancers.Purpose The objective of the study was to evaluate knowledge about CC, as well as awareness of HPV and  HPV vaccination among female respondents.Material and method The research was conducted on the group of 1,260 survey respondents, who filled out the Internet questionnaire. The obtained results were analysed and checked on the basis of scientific literature.Results The percentage of respondents who select human papillomavirus infection as a risk factor for the cervical cancer is 75.9%. The onset of intercourse at an early age was considered a risk factor by only 24.6%, while a large number of sexual partners by 45.4%. Women were also asked about knowledge of HPV vaccination. Only 73.8% of them heard about it and 26.2% declare unawarness of this type of vaccination.Conclusions Health promotion campaigns and educational programs are necessary in order to reduce cervical cancer burden and should be directed particularly towards those who have demonstrated low cervical cancer knowledge and low awareness regarding HPV and its vaccine.
Current prospects of urine cytology in diagnosis and follow-up urinary tract malignancies - the short review
Authors: Jarosz Piotr Michał , Oszczędłowski Paweł , Pytka Michalina , Nowaczek Justyna , Jodłowska-Jędrych Barbara
Published: October 2020

Introduction and purpose: Cytology of urine sediment is a diagnostic tool used to screen for urinary tract lesions in two cases: surveillance of patients with a history of urothelial malignancies and patients with unexplained, new onset haematuria. Since 2015 histopathological laboratories have been able to report urine cytology according to The Paris System (TPS).  Current studies suggest usefulness of urinary cytology in follow-up of urinary tract malignancies, especially urinary bladder cancer, which is the 13th most deadly throughout the world being responsible for 200 000 deaths in 2018 among neoplasms.Objective: To review currently available data on PubMed about usefulness urine cytology reporting in follow-up and diagnosis of urinary tract malignancies.A brief description of the state of knowledge: Advantages of urine cytology examination contain non-invasiveness, high specificity, lower cost than cystoscopy and enable immunohistochemistry performance as well. Implementation of The Paris System for reporting urine cytology has created an universally acceptable and globally used report system. Reporting according to TPS significantly reduced the number of cases described as atypical changes.Conclusions: Urinary cytology is used to supplement endoscopic evaluation of the urinary tract in the screening and the surveillance of urothelial carcinoma. The Paris System for reporting urinary cytology has clarified the diagnostic categories of urine sediment examination. Cystoscopy and urine cytology are the standard tools for monitoring urinary tract malignancies.
Radiological diagnostics in patients with pheochromocytoma – do we need to prepare? Review of the literature
Authors: Dąbrowska Izabela , Szydełko Joanna , Wolski Andrzej
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Pheochromocytomas are chromaffin cell tumours derived from the neural crest and they are associated with catecholamine production. Radiological procedures are playing essential role in present diagnostic of adrenal glands. Physicians who send their patients to the radiological examinations should prepare them to have a safe further diagnostic. Aa well radiologist should be aware of scanning protocols to provide best quality and the safest for the patient radiological examination.Aim of the study: This article summarizes the current knowledge about radiological imaging of pheochromocytomas and scan procedures. In this paper we also want to answer to the question does a patient with pheochromocytoma need to be specially prepared for radiological procedures.Description of knowledge: Diagnostic procedures play primary role in present diagnostic and treatment of pheochomocytomas. It is crucial for further diagnostic procedures to locate the tumour and its margins.Ultrasound imaging can be used with success only in big tumours with clinical symptoms. First choice for adrenal gland tumours is always CT. That modality easily shows localisation and tumours smaller than 1 cm. Another method of choice for adrenal imaging is MRI which gives high contrast images between soft tissues. Radiological differentiation of lessions wouldn’t be possible without contrast agents. They are crucial for calculations of washout in CT.Conclusions: Intravenous administration of non-ionic contrast agent for CT and gadolinium based in MRI is a safe practice for patients with pheos even without α-blocking medication. Only in an intra-arterial iodine-based contrast administration patient should be pharmacologically prepared before examination.
Neonatal intestinal microbiota factors
Authors: Mularczyk Agata , Stangret Anna , Szczęśniak Angelika , Topczewska Katarzyna , Rogulska Karolina
Published: October 2020

Intestinal microbiota is a key element in maintaining health. Recently, the relationship between the microbiome and specific disease entities has been emphasized. A relationship between the composition of commensal flora and obesity, allergies, cancer and autism is suggested. Studies are available on factors that affect the formation of bacterial microflora in newborns. The pregnant microflora may affect the unborn baby. The study found the presence of bacteria in amniotic fluid, umbilical cord blood, placenta and fetal membranes. The microbiome of newborns born by caesarean section remove the one found on the mother's skin and function and in the operating room while the newborn born by nature pathways is close to the microflora of the mother's vagina. There was also a difference in the microbiome of newborns born in the hospital and at home. Breastfeeding also affects the intestinal microflora. Mother's milk and infant faeces show the same bacterial strains.Intestinal dysbiosis may be the basis for a number of disease entities. It is necessary to know the prenatal and postnatal properties influencing the gastrointestinal colonization of the newborn. This knowledge will help develop guidelines favorable for normal colonization with microorganism of the neonatal intestines.
Assessment of women's knowledge about cytology as a prophylactic method in cervical cancer
Authors: Standyło Arkadiusz , Obuchowska Aleksandra , Wójcik Justyna , Ozga Alicja , Obuchowska Karolina
Published: October 2020

Introduction Cervical cancer (CC) is currently the eight most common cancer among women and the seventh leading cause of cancer-related death in women in Poland. Early, non-invasive cervical cancer may develop over the years without clinical symptoms. Also, given the fact that early forms are treatable effectively, it's important to get preventive examinations. It is especially important in the group of women at high risk of developing CC.Purpose The aim of the study was to analyse the opinions of 1,260 women on the cytology as a prophylactic method in cervical cancer.Material and methods Women's knowledge was verified with an anonymous online questionnaire. The obtained results were analysed and checked on the basis of scientific literature.Results The vast majority of respondents (89,6%) consider Pap smear test as a screening test for CC. According to 40.4%  of women, the first test should take place after sexual initiation. 17.7% believed that the examination should be done after the first menstruation. 55% of the respondents answered that Pap smear test should be performed every year. 38.4%  believed that the test should be performed every 3 year. 20.3% of respondents do not know when to take the first Pap smear test and 30.1% of the respondents had never performed a pap smear.Conclusions Most women know the importance of regular cytology, but unfortunately not all women relate this knowledge to themselves. Early, regular and continuous education of women on the prevention of cervical cancer is extremely important
The application of botulinum toxin in the treatment of overactive bladder
Authors: Wojcik Justyna , Obuchowska Aleksandra , Ozga Alicja , Standyło Arkadiusz
Published: October 2020

Introduction:Urinary incontinence is an involuntary, decision-dependent urination that leads to partial or complete emptying of the bladder. The causes include overactive bladder syndrome, which is diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms, such as urgency to urinate, increased frequency of voiding, nocturia caused by increased reactivity of the detrusor muscle. Treatment of this condition includes, but is not limited to, pharmacotherapy, behavioral therapy, and pelvic floor exercises. It is also possible to use an innovative method of local injection of botulinum toxin into the bladder. It inhibits the release of acetylcholine, which results in the inhibition of the contractile activity of the detrusor muscle.The aim of the study:                   The purpose of the systemic review was to collect and analyze material of application of botulinum toxin in the treatment of urinary incontinence caused by overactive bladder.Material and methods: The work is a review of the literature on the use of botulinum toxin in the treatment of overactive bladder, published in 2002-2020.Description of the state of knowledge:The use of the described method gives long-lasting results compared to pharmacotherapy. In addition, it eliminates the side effects caused by drugs because the administration of drugs is reduced or discontinued. The use of botulinum toxin has many more benefits than simply improving the lives of people affected by urinary incontinence. When selecting the therapy, one should also pay attention to possible side effects resulting from the use of the described drug.             Summary:Intravesical administration by means of botulinum toxin cystoscopy is a modern, safe, effective and minimally invasive method of treating urinary incontinence, possible on an outpatient basis, allowing to improve the urodynamic parameters. Side effects are very rare. The botulinum toxin serotype A used in this method is the most studied serotype used for therapeutic purposes. The conducted research shows that over 90% of women reported a clinically significant improvement in sexual function after using the method.
Therapeutic options at the Neonatal Pathology Ward
Authors: Stecko Monika Joanna , Wawrykow Agata , Korabiusz-Lewandowska Katarzyna , Kordek Agnieszka
Published: October 2020

According to the World Health Organization, premature baby is a newborn baby that was born between 22nd and 37th week of pregnancy. The premature babies, due to immaturity of all systems, require special care from the whole medical personnel and holistic approach. The role of a physiotherapist at the Neonatal Pathology Ward is a very important aspect and care of a little patient should be adjusted individually. The most important assumptions of the methods in the care of premature babies at the intensive care unit include normalization of muscle tension, change of abnormal posture and motor patterns, as well as normal sensory experiences. Techniques and supports adjusted to physical and personality capabilities of a child are applied during therapy [1,2]. The Neonatal Pathology Ward is also a place for a clinical speech therapist who has a very important task in the care of a premature baby. A speech therapist who deals with therapy of a premature baby, checks anatomical conditions of the oral cavity, that is, tongue mobility, length of a frenulum, structure of the palate, and then develops a model of support individual for every patient [3]. Interdisciplinary work of the members of a medical team is necessary to provide modern and professional care for the patients.
A state of the “heart”: application of bioengineered materials for cardiac surgery
Authors: Sokol A. A. , Grekov D. A. , Yemets G. I. , Galkin A. Y. , Shchotkina N. V. , Dovghaliuk A. A. , Rudenko N. M. , Telehuzova O. V. , Yemets I. M.
Published: October 2020

Introduction. Cardiovascular diseases have become the leading mortality cause, requiring a novel technologies and techniques for the treatment. Cardiovascular biomaterials play a vital role as the potentially eligible alternative modality for an operation, covering the gap between facilities and patients in need of medical devices and procedures.Purpose. The aim of this essay is to explore and analyze the currently used biomaterials for cardiac surgery as tools to repair or replace the damaged tissues. This study seeks to obtain data which will help to address research gaps and to stimuli the manufacturing process.Description of the state of knowledge. We conduct the systematic literature review, based on the information found in PubMed, Research Gate and Google Scholar databases using the eligible parameters. Obtained data in form of descriptive information were analyzed.Summary. This study has identified a wide area of cardiovascular biomaterials use in the modern clinical and scientific practice. The most obvious finding to emerge from this study is that decellularization of xenogenous heart valves is a crucial feature to obtain the optimal matrix for a tissue-engineered valve substitute. This information can be used to develop targetted interventions aimed at cardiac surgery.
Wideband Metamaterial Absorber Based on Combination of Unit Cells
Authors: Handayani Puji , Hendrantoro Gamantyo , Setijadi Eko , Mauludiyanto Ahmad , Anggara Muhammad Rendy
Published: October 2020

Metamaterial absorber is an electromagnetic wave absorber made from metamaterial. It basically works in narrow band frequency as it is designed in a particular shape that related to its resonance frequency. However, some applications, e.g., anechoic chamber, require metamaterial absorber that can work in a wide frequency band. This paper discussed the design of wide band metamaterial absorber using the combination of multiple unit cells. The unit cells type was split ring resonator (SRR). SRR had advantages in terms of its simple shape, it could have more than one resonant frequencies depending on the number of its ring, and its shape could be modified easily to obtain the desired resonant frequencies. We designed metamaterial absorber having good absorbtion rate in 2-10 GHz frequency band. To cover this wide frequency band, we used five unit cells which were arranged on a flat plane. Each unit cell had several resonant frequencies. The design was carried out using simulation software of CST (Computer Simulation System). The fabricated design was measured and the results shown that it had an absorbtion rate of 99% in the measured frequency band.
Fuzzy Logic Control Design On Buck Converter For Thermo Electric Air Cooler Power Supply
Authors: Alim Muhammad Wildan , Windarko Novie Ayub , Rakhmawati Renny
Published: October 2020

The air conditioning system that is commonly used today is an Air Conditioner (AC). Unfortunately, this system is a big contributor to global warming. Often times, we find that air conditioners are only used to cool only a small part of a room for individual comfort. Therefore, a new breakthrough is needed from a cooling system that does not use chemicals so that it is environmentally friendly, namely using the Thermo Electric Cooler (TEC) cooling module which utilizes the cold side of the Thermo Electric Cooler (TEC). The size of the DC input voltage on the Thermo Electric Cooler (TEC) is adjusted using a buck converter with fuzzy control. When the buck converter closed loop condition with fuzzy control has a rise time value, the settling time and error percentage have a relatively better value than the open loop condition. When the buck converter set point 40V, the minimum water temperature in the air cooler can be reached 220C, when the buck converter set point is 48V the minimum water temperature in the water cooler can be reached 190C, and when the buck converter set point is 56V the minimum water temperature in the air cooler can be reached 180C. When the water cooler uses air cooler by Peltier, the input air temperature and output air temperature decrease in temperature around 10C. this is caused by the evaporative effect caused by water cooled by the peltier.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance in pediatric chronic myeloid leukemia: a case report
Authors: Aisyi Mururul , Syarif Ayu Hutami , Asih Nur , Kosasih Agus
Published: October 2020

Pediatric chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematopoietic malignancy, treated by tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). Previously, imatinib resistance in CML was treated with nilotinib as a second line. However, in Indonesia, where the options of TKIs are limited, no case has been reported. We describe TKI-resistance of a pediatric CML case in Dharmais Cancer Hospital, Jakarta. A 17-year-old boy presented with loss of complete hematologic response after 4 years of imatinib treatment. Diagnosis of relapsed CML with blast crisis was confirmed, and nilotinib was given accordingly. He achieved hematological and optimal response after 2 weeks and 3 months of treatment, respectively. However, in the 12-month evaluation, he failed to achieve major molecular response and acquired the second resistance to TKI. Since imatinib resistance marks the poor prognosis, initial optimal response of nilotinib treatment remains inconclusive to predict the final outcome.
Structural elucidation and optical properties of LiZrO2–LiBaZrO3 nanocomposite doped with Mn2+ ions
Authors: Igba V. M. , Ahemen I. , Amah A. N. , Dejene F. B. , Sha’Ato R. , Reyes-Rojas A. , Duarte-Moller J. A. , Parra-Michel J. R.
Published: October 2020

Nanocomposites of LiZrO2 – LiBaZrO3: xMn2+ (x = 0–0.06 molar ratios) were prepared by the co-precipitation method. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible spectrometry, photoluminescence (PL), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) techniques. Analysis of XRD data shows two phases: the cubic phase of BaZrO3 perovskite and the tetragonal phase of ZrO2. Mn2+ ions were predominantly distributed in the tetrahedral sites and a few ions are situated at the octahedral sites of the composites. UV-visible spectroscopy of these samples presents two optical band energies, decreasing exponentially with increasing concentration of the Mn2+ ion. PL spectra of Mn2+-doped samples display three broad emission bands: a band centered at wavelength,λ =416 nm (blue), another with peak maximum atλ =527 nm (green) and the third (with relatively the lowest intensity) at about 600 nm (orange-red). The blue (λ =416 nm) band was dominant at low Mn2+ concentrations (x≤0.03) but the green band (λ =527 nm) became dominant at higher Mn2+ concentrations (x>0.03). The CIE coordinates revealed colour changes from blue to green at a concentration of 0.05 mole ratio and white light at 0.06 mole ratio. The phosphor presented in this work is a promising material for use in display devices such as flat panel displays, colour plasma displays, signage lights and backlights.
Hepatitis A in children: evaluation of atypical manifestations
Authors: Kalyoncu Derya , Urganci Nafiye , Geylani Gulec Seda
Published: October 2020

Background  Although hepatitis A infection is known as a benign, self-limited disease without chronicity, the rate of complications increases over time.

Objective To evaluate atypical manifestations of hepatitis A infection in children.

Methods A total of 130 children with hepatitis A infection were reviewed. Subjects’ demographic and clinical characteristics, laboratory examinations, and clinical courses were evaluated retrospectively.

Results Twenty-one subjects had atypical manifestations of disease as follows: immune thrombocytopenic purpura (1 patient), pleural effusion (1), autoimmune hepatitis and hemolytic anemia (1), nephrotic syndrome (2), meningoencephalitis (2), autoimmune hepatitis (2), acalculous cholecystitis (3), relapsing hepatitis (4), and fulminant hepatitis (5). Only gender was significantly different, with males having more atypical manifestations than females (P=0.03). Mortality rate was 3% (3 patients with fulminant hepatitis and 1 with meningoencephalitis died in the intensive care unit).

Conclusion Although hepatitis A virus infection has a benign, self-limited course without chronicity, recognition of atypical cases which carry mortality risk is important.
A Wide-Ranging Analysis on Ethosomes
Authors: K Matilda , G Charlotte
Published: October 2020

Ethosomes are noninvasive release carriers that facilitate drugs to attain the deep skin layers and the universal movement. Though ethosomal systems are theoretically complicated, they are effortless in their training, safe for use an arrangement that can highly enlarge their relevance. Ethosomes are soft, compliant vesicles tailored for improved liberation of vigorous agents. Because of their exclusive organization, ethosomes are able to encapsulate and deliver during the skin highly lipophilic molecules such as cannabinoids, testosterone, and minoxidil, as well as cationic drugs such as propranolol, trihexaphenidyl, Cyclosporine, insulin, salbutamol etc. Improved release of bioactive molecules during the skin and cellular membranes by means of an ethosomal delivery service opens numerous challenges and opportunities for the research and future improvement of novel improved therapies. Ethosomes are gaining reputation in designing drug delivery systems for topical and transdermal use for their ability to reach deep skin layers and universal circulation. Although ethosomes are theoretically complicated, they are simple in training and safe for use. Although with their high efficiency, the ethosomes show possible for development of their applications. The aim of the review to make a inclusive description on properties and training of ethosomes followed by the classification and the list of drugs encapsulated in ethosomes.
Cellular Phone Electromagnetic Impression Reasoning Fatty Change in the Hepatocytes of the Rising Chick Embryo
Authors: arja Adhi , ng Agu
Published: October 2020

This paper was performed to determine the electromagnetic waves (RFW) released by dissimilar cellular phones and to additional observe the belongings of these waves on the living cells. TriField meter Model 100XE was used to calculate the electromagnetic waves produced by dissimilar mobile phones while receiving a call. To discover the effects of electromagnetic waves on living cells, developing chick embryo was selected for this study. 40 chick fertilized eggs were uniformly divided into manage and an exposed group. 20 fertilized eggs were placed in an egg incubator with a mobile phone in quiet mode having vibration immobilize mode. Mobile was called for total of 50 minutes in 24 hours. 20 embryos each were sacrificed at day 10 and 15, and histology of liver was conducted. The control group, 20 eggs were protecting in the same conditions, having removed the battery from the phone. The TriField readings from dissimilar mobile phones were classified into four groups according to the strength of the waves. Downloading from the net using WiFi also exposed high attentiveness of the waves. Histology of the liver: Control group at day 10, showed developing hepatocytes, row not well formed, and few sinusoids in-between with few spotted RBSs. At day 15, well-formed anastomosing cords of hepatocytes with significant nucleus were experiential and well-formed sinusoids lined by epithelium showing well-formed RBCs can be seen clearly. In the exposed group, the sinusoids were less noticeable and necrosis of hepatocytes was seen. In all the embryos, hepatocytes showed marked penetration of fatty vacuoles in their cytoplasm, necrosis of few hepatocytes showing intensely stained nucleus, derangement of rows forming classic hepatic lobule, deficiency of sinusoids and few scattered RBSs. dissimilar mobile phones showed emission of electromagnetic waves whose strength was high in the old version of mobile phones. These waves affected the enlargement of liver in the chick embryo; hepatocytes exposed fatty change and derangement of sinusoids in the exposed group. This paper concludes that the electromagnetic waves of the mobile phones exaggerated the propagation of living cells in chick embryo.
Various Knee Model Measurement Techniques to Find the Knee Geometries
Authors: C Kavinaya , L Ashuthoshkumar
Published: October 2020

Computation of knee modeling is a subject-specific techniquethatdefining the zero-load measurements of the cruciate and indemnity ligaments.The dynamic knee simulator was used to test the three carcass knees. The carcass knees also experiencedphysicalsachet of motion testing to discovery their inactivesort of motion in order to regulate the zero-load measurements for everymuscle bundle. Compotation multibody knee representations were shaped for each knee and classical kinematics were likened to investigational kinematics for a replicated walk series. Simple-minded non-linear mechanisminhibition elements were used to characterize cruciate and deposited particles in musclepackages in the knee representations. This learningoriginate that knee kinematics was enormously sensitive to changing of the zero-load measurement. The domino effects also recommendoptimum methods for describing each of the muscle bundle zero-load measurements, irrespective of the subject. These consequencesvalidate the significance ofthe zero-load length when modeling the knee united and verify that physicalcloak of motion dimensions can be usedto determine the passive range of motion of the knee joint. It is also supposed that the method defined here forresponsible zero-load measurement can be used for in vitro or in vivo subject-specific computational models.
INFLUENCE OF NON-DRUG THERAPY ON REHABILITATION TIME AND SKEET SHOOTING AFTER RHINOSURGICAL INTERVENTIONS
Authors: Korkmazov M , Korkmazov A , Dubinets I , Smirnov A , Kornova N
Published: October 2020

Aim. The paper aims to study the effect of low-frequency ultrasonic cavitation on tissue regeneration and return to skeet shooting in athletes after rhinosurgical interventions. Materials and methods. 16 skeet shooters with eustachitis provoked by nasal septum deviation were treated in the department of otorhinolaryngology at Chelyabinsk city clinical hospital No 1 in the period from 2019 to 2020. Comprehensive postoperative treatment was combined with low-frequency ultrasonic cavitation therapy. Treatment was provided on a daily basis in accordance with clinical recommendations. Objective and subjective clinical and rhinological data about nasal mucous membranes were studied, as well as the effect of low-frequency ultrasonic cavitation on regeneration processes and auditory tube function recovery. Results. The use of low-frequency ultrasonic cavitation therapy in early postoperative period improves regeneration of operated cavities, removes tissue swelling, and restores ventilation function of the auditory tube. Conclusions. Short-term application of low-frequency ultrasonic irrigation of nasal cavities allows to improve tissue regeneration, restore tubal function, remove postsurgical alternative inflammation and swelling of nasal cavity mucosa, return to skeet shooting.
Tsivyan’s Surgery of the Spine
Authors: Mikhaylovskiy M.
Published: October 2020

Tsivyan’s Surgery of the Spine
Neuroticism Traits and Anxiety Symptoms are Exhibited in Athletes With Chronic Gastrocnemius Myofascial Pain Syndrome
Authors: San-Antolín Marta , Rodríguez-Sanz David , Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo Ricardo , Losa-Iglesias Marta Elena , Martínez-Jiménez Eva María , López-López Daniel , Calvo-Lobo César
Published: October 2020

San-Antolín, M, Rodríguez-Sanz, D, Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo, R, Losa-Iglesias, ME, Martínez-Jiménez, EM, López-López, D, and Calvo-Lobo, C. Neuroticism traits and anxiety symptoms are exhibited in athletes with chronic gastrocnemius myofascial pain syndrome. J Strength Cond Res 34(12): 3377–3385, 2020—Common psychological factors, such as anxiety or neurotic personality traits, seem to be associated with pain suffered by athletes. Gastrocnemius muscles present a high prevalence for injury in athletes. These muscles are a region in which myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) frequently develops. Myofascial pain syndrome is characterized by the presence of active myofascial trigger points (MTrPs). This study compared different personality and anxiety symptoms between athletes with and without active MTrPs in the gastrocnemius. A case-control study was conducted in an outpatient clinic. Athletes who performed moderate or vigorous physical activity according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire were included. Fifty paired-matched athletes with and without active MTrPs in their gastrocnemius muscles (n = 25 in each group) were recruited. Different personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, psychoticism, and sincerity) and anxiety (state and trait) were evaluated by the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, respectively. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.01) with an effect size from moderate to large (d = 0.75–1.29) were found for greater neuroticism and sincerity traits in addition to state and trait anxiety in athletes with gastrocnemius MPS compared with healthy controls. In conclusion, athletes with gastrocnemius active MTrPs exhibited higher neuroticism and anxiety symptoms compared with healthy athletes. Mental health may play a key role in athletes with myofascial pain, and future studies should be performed to determine whether neuroticism-related and anxiety-related psychological care could be a key intervention in athletes with gastrocnemius active MTrPs to improve athletic performance and rehabilitation or prevent injuries.
N‐glycosylation of PD‐1 promotes binding of camrelizumab
Authors: Liu Kefang , Tan Shuguang , Jin Wanjun , Guan Jiawei , Wang Qingling , Sun Huan , Qi Jianxun , Yan Jinghua , Chai Yan , Wang Zhongfu , Deng Chuxia , Gao George F
Published: October 2020

PD‐1 is a highly glycosylated inhibitory receptor expressed mainly on T cells. Targeting of PD‐1 with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to block the interaction with its ligand PD‐L1 has been successful for the treatment of multiple tumors. However, polymorphisms at N‐glycosylation sites of PD‐1 exist in the human population that might affect antibody binding, and dysregulated glycosylation has been observed in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we demonstrate varied N‐glycan composition in PD‐1, and show that the binding affinity of camrelizumab, a recently approved PD‐1‐specific MAb, to non‐glycosylated PD‐1 proteins from E. coli is substantially decreased compared with glycosylated PD‐1. The structure of the camrelizumab/PD‐1 complex reveals that camrelizumab mainly utilizes its heavy chain to bind to PD‐1, while the light chain sterically inhibits the binding of PD‐L1 to PD‐1. Glycosylation of asparagine 58 (N58) promotes the interaction with camrelizumab, while the efficiency of camrelizumab to inhibit the binding of PD‐L1 is substantially reduced for glycosylation‐deficient PD‐1. These results increase our understanding of how glycosylation affects the activity of PD‐1‐specific MAbs during immune checkpoint therapy.
Simulation Training in Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Wu Song , Fu Yuan-hao , Zhao Hong , Ling Yun-peng
Published: October 2020

Background: To evaluate the effect of minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) simulator for cardiac residency training.
Methods: A total of 26 resident surgeons who had never trained for coronary artery anastomosis participated in this training program. They received coronary artery anastomosis training on off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) simulator for 15 h. After training, their performance of anastomosis was evaluated on the OPCAB simulator according to 12 items and a 5-point global rating scale. Based on the total score of assessment, those with an individual score of 12-36 formed group A, while group B was composed of the remaining trainees. The two groups then received another 15 h coronary artery anastomosis training on the MIDCAB simulator, and the performance was assessed.
Results: Trainees improved their performance of coronary artery anastomosis after training on the OPCAB simulator. Group A was composed of 7 trainees with an individual with a total score of 12–36 points and group B was composed of the remaining 19 trainees. After MIDCAB simulator training, significant differences were noted in the pre- and post-training values in the A group (P < .001), and the assessment value of group A was significantly better than those of group B (P < .05). No significant difference was detected between pre- and post-training values in group B after MIDCAB simulator training (P > .05).
Conclusion: We concluded that trainees who performed well in OPCAB simulation training can also perform better in MIDCAB, and our designed MIDCAB simulator was useful for residency training.
Análisis del cumplimiento de revelación de propiedades, planta y equipo para empresas que listan en la bolsa de valores de Perú
Authors: Hernández-Pajares Julio , Núñez Laguna Ivette
Published: October 2020

La adopción de las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera (niif) buscan mejorar la calidad, transparencia y comparabilidad de la información financiera en las empresas. Por ello, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo realizar un estudio sobre la naturaleza de los criterios de revelación de las propiedades, planta y equipo, según la nic 16, y determinar la influencia de factores en su nivel de cumplimiento. Para este propósito, se realizó un análisis de contenido de los informes anuales de las compañías que se encuentran listadas en la bolsa de valores de Perú para los periodos anuales 2016, 2017 y 2018. Los resultados indican que, en su mayoría, las empresas revelan su base de medición, métodos de depreciación y vida útil de los activos. En este sentido, el sector empresarial, la inversión en ppe, antigüedad y firma de auditoría resultan factores determinantes en el nivel de dicha revelación
In-plane shear modulus of cross-laminated timber by diagonal compression test
Authors: Berg Sven , Turesson Jonas , Ekevad Mats , Björnfot Anders
Published: October 2020

Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is an engineered wood material that is used in the construction industry, e.g., for floors, walls, and beams. In cases where CLT-elements are used as shear walls, the in-plane-stiffness is an important property. For non-edge glued CLT, in-plane shear stiffness is lower than for edge-glued CLT. To evaluate the non-edge glued CLT panel’s in-plane shear modulus, the diagonal compression test and finite element (FE) simulation was used. FE-models with both isotropic and orthotropic material models were used to calculate the shear stiffness. The FE models using pure shear loads were used as a reference to determine the correct value of the shear modulus. To verify the FE simulations, diagonal compression tests were conducted on 30 CLT samples. A calibration formula was derived using the least square method for calculation of shear modulus. The formula gave accurate results. The results showed that FE simulations can reproduce the same shear stiffness as tests of non-edge glued 3-layer and 5-layer CLT panels.