bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reviews
Authors: Amos H. William , Arnold Markus , Hiscock Hugh , Lony Marc , Miraglia Anne Marie , Miraglia Anne Marie , Miraglia Anne Marie , Miraglia Anne Marie , Miraglia Anne Marie , Murdoch H. Adlai , Oktapoda Efstratia , Oktapoda Efstratia , Oktapoda Efstratia , Wood Sarah
Published: September 2016

La variation lexicale des français: dictionnaires, base de données, corpus, Annick Farina and Valeria Zotti (eds) (2014) Paris: Editions Champion, 368 pp., ISBN: 9782745328762, p/bk, €60

Childhood, Autobiography and the Francophone Caribbean, Louise Hardwick (2013) Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 248 pp., ISBN: 9781846318412

The Narrative Mediterranean: Beyond France and the Maghreb, Claudia Esposito (2013) Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 183 pp., ISBN: 9780739168219, h/bk, £49.95

Rethinking Négritude through Léon-Gontran Damas, Bart Miller (2014) Amsterdam, NY: Editions Rodopi B.V., 261 pp., ISBN: 9789042038264, p/bk, $77.00

Francophone Afropean Literatures, Nicki Hitchcott and Dominic Thomas (eds) (2014) Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, vi + 232 pp., ISBN: 9781781380345, h/bk, £75

Imperial Identities: Stereotyping, Prejudice, & Race in Colonial Algeria, Patricia M. E. Lorcin (2014) Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, xxii+ 363 pp., ISBN: 9780803249714, p/bk, $30.00

Narratives of the French Empire: Fiction, Nostalgia, and Imperial Rivalries, 1784 to the Present, Kate Marsh (2013) Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 132 pp., ISBN: 9780739176566, £49.95

Caribbean Critique Antillean Critical Theory from Toussaint to Glissant, Nick Nesbitt (2013) Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, xiv + 346 pp., ISBN: 9781846318665, cased

Les Commandeurs de l’aube, Joëlle Verdol (2013) Paris: L’Harmattan, 677 pp., ISBN: 9782343010526, 57 €

Black Soundscapes White Stages: The Meaning of Francophone Sound in the Black Atlantic, Edwin C. Hill (2013) Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, X+178 pp., ISBN: 9781421410593, h/bk, $39.95

Éthique et Rupture Bouraouïennes, Beggar Abderrahman (2012) Toronto: CMC Éditions, Centre Canada-Méditerranée, Université York, collection ‘Mosaïque’, 188 pp. EAN13: 9782981202215, p/bk, 49$

Interventions autobiographiques des femmes du Maghreb: Écriture de contestation, Farhoud Samira (2013) New York, Bern, Berlin, Bruxelles, Frankfurt am Main, Oxford and Wien: Peter Lang Publishing, coll. ‘Francophone Cultures and Literatures’, vol. 62, 189 pp., ISBN: 9781433120541, h/bk, SFR 75.00/€* 66.70/€** 68.50/€ 62.30/£ 50.00/US$ 80.95

Problématique de l’identité littéraire: Devenir écrivain français, Matei Cristina-Ioana, Andreï Makine, Vassilis Alexakis, Milan Kundera and Amin Maalouf (2011) Préface Jean-Bernard Vray et Alexandru C˘alinescu, Ias¸i: Casa Editorial ˘a Demiurg, coll. ‘Hexagon’ 36, 285 pp., ISBN: 9789731522425, p/bk, Prix: inconnu

Reimagining the Caribbean: Conversations among the Creole, English, French and Spanish Caribbean, Valérie K. Orlando and Sandra Messinger Cypess (eds) (2014) London: Lexington Books, 189 pp., ISBN: 9780739194195, h/bk, £49.95
Telling tales: Pedagogical challenges to the supervision of illustrated story design theses
Authors: Ings Welby
Published: September 2016

This article considers the journeys of three postgraduate illustration students whose M.A. theses were concerned with storytelling. It considers the distinctive challenges to supervision these posed, including certain ethical and personal issues involved when candidates illustrate and write their own stories or the stories of others. Following a preliminary discussion of advantages and challenges posed by story design, the article considers ways in which complex issues surrounding story ownership and responsibility were approached in supervisory practice.
Review
Authors: Blum Alexandra
Published: September 2016

Joseph Cornell: Wanderlust, Royal Academy of Arts, London, 4 July–27 September 2015
Practice makes imperfect: An introduction to the re-forming of mark-making in contemporary illustration
Authors: Holliday Grace
Published: September 2016

This article provides primary insight into an illustrator’s complex relationship with basic tools (pens), and describes a body of work devoted to redefining the status of experimental drawing practice within communication design. The underlying motivations for such intervention include conventions of storytelling in illustration, set artist profiles and predictable guidelines of industry standards. To introduce readers to this specific discipline of drawn innovation, a guide to ‘mark-making’ dominates the text; it articulates the marked-aesthetic as a sophisticated yet primal visual language, made up of patterned punctuation and textured thought. By regularly referring to detailed accounts of such techniques in use, and elaborating on the substance of specific mark-based projects, there is a trail of the ‘tried and tested’ set out to contemplate and a practical invitation of experimentation to follow. As the illustrator quickly outlines the fundamentals of what traditional illustration is, she begins to fill in a picture of what contemporary illustration can be if it continues to challenge the materials of its constitution and welcome into its meaning more conceptual narratives.
Salinity in rose production
Authors: Reis Michele , Figueiredo Júnia Rafael Mendonça , Paiva Renato , Da Silva Diogo Pedrosa , De Faria Camila Vitoria Nunes , Rouhana Lauravaughn
Published: September 2016

The rose is one of the most important ornamental plants in the world. However, the cultivation systems used for roses often impose salt stress. Saline conditions occur naturally in some regions or by human activity in others with use of low quality water or excessive fertilizer application. In general, roses are considered sensitive to salinity. However, tolerance levels can be different among roses species and cultivars. Therefore, studies are needed that take into account characteristics of each species and how the exposure to salinity occurs. Management of water and nutrients can be important tools for mitigating the effects of high salt concentrations. Also, advances in biotechnology can be used for a better understanding of the physiological responses to salinity and to develop more salt tolerant rose cultivars. Thus, this paper aims to review the progress made and future prospects of salinity tolerance in commercial rose production.
Ataxia-telangiectasia Mutated Kinase (ATM) as a Central Regulator of Radiation-induced DNA Damage Response
Authors: Tichý Aleš , Vávrová Jiřina , Pejchal Jaroslav , Řezáčová Martina
Published: September 2016

Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM) is a DNA damage-inducible protein kinase, which phosphorylates plethora of substrates participating in DNA damage response. ATM significance for the cell faith is undeniable, since it regulates DNA repair, cell-cycle progress, and apoptosis. Here we describe its main signalling targets and discuss its importance in DNA repair as well as novel findings linked to this key regulatory enzyme in the terms of ionizing radiationinduced DNA damage.
Review of Working memory and second language learning. Towards an integrated approach; Author: Zhisheng (Edward) Wen; Publisher: Multilingual Matters, 2016; ISBN: 9781783095711; Pages: 208
Authors: Biedroń Adriana
Published: September 2016

Book review
A New Fuzzy Iterative Learning Control Algorithm for Single Joint Manipulator
Authors: Wang Meng , Bian Guangrong , Li Hongsheng
Published: September 2016

This paper present a new fuzzy iterative learning control design to solve the trajectory tracking problem and performing repetitive tasks for rigid robot manipulators. Several times’ iterations are needed to make the system tracking error converge, especially in the first iteration without experience. In order to solve that problem, fuzzy control and iterative learning control are combined, where fuzzy control is used to tracking trajectory at the first learning period, and the output of fuzzy control is recorded as the initial control inputs of ILC. The new algorithm also adopts gain self-tuning by fuzzy control, in order to improve the convergence rate. Simulations illustrate the effectiveness and convergence of the new algorithm and advantages compared to traditional method.
Optimal and Suboptimal Control of a Standard Brownian Motion
Authors: Lefebvre Mario
Published: September 2016

The problem of optimally controlling a standard Brownian motion until a fixed final time is considered in the case when the final cost function is an even function. Two particular problems are solved explicitly. Moreover, the best constant control as well as the best linear control are also obtained in these two particular cases.
Effect of Sunflower, Linseed and Soybean Meal in Pig Diet on Chemical Composition, Fatty Acid Profile of Meat and Backfat, and Its Oxidative Stability
Authors: Đorđević Vesna , Đorđević Jasna , Baltić Ž. Milan , Laudanović Milica , Teodorović Vlado , Bošković Marija , Peurača Mile , Marković Radmila
Published: September 2016

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of added sunflower, linseed or soybean meal to a standard pig fattening diet on the chemical composition, fatty acid profiles of meat and backfat, and on the oxidative stability of backfat from pigs. The content of saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) was significantly lower (P<0.01), while content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was significantly higher (P<0.01) in the diet with added linseed. The feeding study was conducted on 30 pigs, with groups of 10 pigs fed one of the three different diets for 46 days before slaughter. There were no differences in the chemical composition (protein, water, fat, minerals) of meat from pigs fed the different diets. The content of SFA and MUFA was significantly higher, while the average PUFA content was significantly lower (P<0.01) in meat and backfat of pigs fed diet with added linseed. The content of n-6 fatty acids was significantly lower and n-3 fatty acids significantly higher, with more desirable n-6/n-3 ratio, in meat and backfat of pigs fed diet with added linseed. Malondialdehyde in the backfat of pigs fed diet with added linseed was significantly lower than that in the other two diet groups after the tissue was stored frozen at −20°C for 3, 6, 9 and 12 months.
Controllability criteria for time–delay fractional systems with a retarded state
Authors: Sikora Beata
Published: September 2016

The paper is concerned with time-delay linear fractional systems with multiple delays in the state. A formula for the solution of the discussed systems is presented and derived using the Laplace transform. Definitions of relative controllability with and without constraints for linear fractional systems with delays in the state are formulated. Relative controllability, both with and without constraints imposed on control values, is discussed. Various types of necessary and sufficient conditions for relative controllability and relative U-controllability are established and proved. Numerical examples illustrate the obtained theoretical results.
Heating source localization in a reduced time
Authors: Beddiaf Sara , Autrique Laurent , Perez Laetitia , Jolly Jean-Claude
Published: September 2016

Inverse three-dimensional heat conduction problems devoted to heating source localization are ill posed. Identification can be performed using an iterative regularization method based on the conjugate gradient algorithm. Such a method is usually implemented off-line, taking into account observations (temperature measurements, for example). However, in a practical context, if the source has to be located as fast as possible (e.g., for diagnosis), the observation horizon has to be reduced. To this end, several configurations are detailed and effects of noisy observations are investigated.
On the Analysis of Multistep-Out-of-Grid Method for Celestial Mechanics Tasks
Authors: Olifer L. , Choliy V.
Published: September 2016

Occasionally, there is a necessity in high-accurate prediction of celestial body trajectory. The most common way to do that is to solve Kepler’s equation analytically or to use Runge-Kutta or Adams integrators to solve equation of motion numerically. For low-orbit satellites, there is a critical need in accounting geopotential and another forces which influence motion. As the result, the right side of equation of motion becomes much bigger, and classical integrators will not be quite effective. On the other hand, there is a multistep-out-of-grid (MOG) method which combines Runge-Kutta and Adams methods. The MOG method is based on using m on-grid values of the solution and n × m off-grid derivative estimations. Such method could provide stable integrators of maximum possible order, O (hm

+

mn

+

n−

1).

The main subject of this research was to implement and analyze the MOG method for solving satellite equation of motion with taking into account Earth geopotential model (ex. EGM2008 (Pavlis at al., 2008)) and with possibility to add other perturbations such as atmospheric drag or solar radiation pressure. Simulations were made for satellites on low orbit and with various eccentricities (from 0.1 to 0.9). Results of the MOG integrator were compared with results of Runge-Kutta and Adams integrators. It was shown that the MOG method has better accuracy than classical ones of the same order and less right-hand value estimations when is working on high orders. That gives it some advantage over ”classical” methods.
Board to Page to Board
Authors: Winkelman Philip M.
Published: September 2016

The ways new games typically develop might be viewed as a continuum ranging from very gradual “evolution” based on mutations introduced to a single progenitor during play or recall, to sudden “intelligent design” based on a purposeful and original combination — or even invention — of ludemes independent of any particular lines of transmission.

This paper argues that two proprietary 20th-century games, C.A. Neves’s Fang den Hut! and Lizzie Magie’s The Landlord’s Game, were developed in a different way, a bit outside the typical continuum. It analyzes the games’ general typologies, and specific ludemes, concluding that both games are modern adaptations of traditional Native American games encountered, not through play or even contact with players, but through the seminal ethnographic publications of Stewart Culin. Specifically, Fang den Hut! derives from Boolik via Games of the North American Indians, and The Landlord’s Game derives from Zohn Ahl via Chess and Playing-Cards.
Solution to Urban Air Pollution – Carbon Free Transport
Authors: Kleperis Jānis , Sloka Biruta , Dimants Justs , Dimanta Ilze , Kleperis Jānis
Published: September 2016

The analysis of the results of long-term air quality monitoring in Riga is presented, which shows that in city centre throughout the measurement time (2004-2014) according to the guidelines defined by the European Union directives and Latvian laws the limits of small particles PM10 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are exceeded. From the nature of appearance of pollution and from the research of morphology and composition of fine dust particles it was concluded that in the city centre where the monitoring was performed the main air pollutants are caused by internal combustion engine vehicles. The measures to reduce air pollution performed by two Action Programs (2004-2009; 2011-2015) of the City Council showed that there were only two possible ways to improve air quality in urban environment ‒ to decrease the number of traffic units and/or to decrease exhaust emissions from vehicles.

From the analysis of energy consumption and resources used for it the conclusion was drawn that Latvia is dependent on fossil fuel import, especially in traffic sector (99 %). A new trend has been observed in Latvia ‒ the type of cars is changing: the number of gasoline cars rapidly decreases and number of diesel cars is growing. Both fuels in exhaust gases of second-hand cars are giving high emissions of fine particles (soot) and nitrogen oxides as compared with new cars; 72 % of cars on the roads of Latvia are more than 13 years old. The switch to bio-diesel can improve Latvian statistics according to CO2 reduction target for 2020 but not the concentration of PM10 and NO2 on streets with dense traffic.

Therefore, to improve air quality in urban environment and simultaneously reduce the dependence of Latvia from fossil fuel import, a scenario is proposed for the changeover to zero-carbon technologies in transport and energy production. Hydrogen is analyzed from the point of view of availability of resources and commercialized technologies. The research of the public opinion was done because there is little awareness in society about hydrogen as energy carrier and simultaneously as fuel.
Admissions after discharge from an emergency department for chest symptoms
Authors: Moore Brian J. , Coffey Rosanna M. , Heslin Kevin C. , Moy Ernest
Published: September 2016

Background:

Often patients who present to the emergency department (ED) with chest symptoms return to the hospital within 30 days with the same or closely related symptoms and are admitted, raising questions about quality of care, timeliness of diagnosis, and patient safety. This study examined the frequency of and patient characteristics associated with subsequent inpatient admissions for related symptoms after discharge from an ED for chest symptoms.

Methods:

We used data from the 2012 and 2013 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) State Inpatient Databases (SID) and State Emergency Department Databases (SEDD) from eight states to identify over 1.8 million ED discharges for chest symptoms.

Results:

Approximately 3% of ED discharges experienced potentially related subsequent admissions within 30 days – 0.2% for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 1.7% for other cardiovascular conditions, 0.5% for respiratory conditions, and 0.6% for mental disorders. Logistic regression results showed higher odds of subsequent admission for older patients and those residing in low-income areas, and lower odds for females and non White racial/ethnic groups. Privately insured patients had lower odds of subsequent admission than did those who were uninsured or covered by other programs.

Conclusions:

Because we included multiple diagnostic categories of subsequent admissions, our results show a more complete picture of patients presenting to the ED with chest symptoms compared with previous studies. In particular, we show a lower rate of subsequent admission for AMI versus other diagnoses. ED physicians and administrators can use the results to identify characteristics associated with increased odds of subsequent admission to target at-risk populations.
Impact of the Former Vineyard Land Use on the Productivity of Secondary Forest Herb Layer in the Little Carpathians (SW Slovakia)
Authors: Zima Lukáš , Kollár Jozef , Vykouková Ivana
Published: September 2016

The Little Carpathians Mountains include a vineyard region with long tradition that dates back up to the Roman Empire period (and according to some opinions, even earlier). In the late 19th century, it was strongly impacted by the phylloxera epidemic, and the vineyard area has significantly reduced here. Large areas of the former vineyards are covered by forests, which mostly have formed spontaneously, but some of them were also planted. This contribution is focused on the impact of the former vineyard land use on the productivity (aboveground, belowground, and total biomass) of such forest herb layer. Research included also the forests, which occupy rocky mounds formed by rock gathering and their placement on the vineyard borders. There were sampled by following four stands, mostly differed by tree composition, origin, age, and succession stage: (i) up to 100 years old spontaneously formed thermophilous acidophilous oak forest on the former vineyard on the granite substrate, (ii) up to 100 years old spontaneously formed oak-dominated forest on the rocky (granite) mounds (borders between the former vineyards formed by rock gathering), (iii) 40–60 years old planted ash stands on the gneiss bedrock, and (iv) 40–60 years old planted ash-dominated stands on the rocky (gneiss) mounds. According to our results, the former land use modified original relief, where the former vineyards have modified soil profile and new relief forms rocky mounds were created. These mounds with no or just shallow soils are usually much less covered by vegetation, thus production of herb layer biomass is lower here than in the adjacent former vineyards. Moreover, rocky mounds show a higher ratio of synanthropic species and apophytes than the adjacent former vineyards, and same as for ratio of therophytes. The younger the stands on the former vineyards, the higher is the ratio of synanthropic species, apophytes, and therophytes. On the other hand, when estimating the production quantity, the values of herb layer production on the former vineyards are similar to those in natural oak-hornbeam forests found in the Little Carpathians Mts. and the adjacent regions, except for the rocky mounds covered by old oak forests, which are less productive. In other words, the former vineyard land use affects the herb layer production quality rather than quantity.
Solution to a class of inverse problems for a system of loaded ordinary differential equations with integral conditions
Authors: Aida-zade Kamil R. , Abdullayev Vagif M.
Published: September 2016

This work is dedicated to the numerical solution of a class of
parametric identification problems for dynamic objects. The process is described by a system of loaded ordinary differential equations. Observations over the object have integral (interval) and point characters, at which the results of the observations are given in a summarized non-separated form. We propose a technique that reduces the solution of the initial problem to the solution of specially-built supplementary Cauchy problems. The results of some numerical experiments are also given.
Born non-scattering electromagnetic media
Authors: Arens Tilo , Sylvester John
Published: September 2016

We consider the propagation of electromagnetic waves in an anisotropic medium. A local perturbation of the vacuum media that does not produce a detectable change in the far field is called non-scattering. Through testing by plane waves, we derive a variational equation characterizing non-scattering perturbations of permittivities and permeabilities to first order, i.e. in the Born approximation. We show that these perturbations can be characterized exactly by four functions. Three of these functions correspond to linearizations of known non-scattering media constructed by diffeomorphisms in transformation optics. The role of the fourth function is not yet understood, although some analytic properties can be derived.
Pochhammer symbol with negative indices. A new rule for the method of brackets
Authors: Gonzalez Ivan , Jiu Lin , Moll Victor H
Published: September 2016

The method of brackets is a method of integration based upon a small number of heuristic rules. Some of these have been made rigorous. An example of an integral involving the Bessel function is used to motivate a new evaluation rule.
Line × tester analysis in rapeseed: Identification
of superior parents and combinations for seed
yield and its components
Authors: Rameeh Valiollah
Published: September 2016

The objectives of this research were to investigate
the genetic structure of the 20 F1s rapeseed hybrids
established from five female moderate maturing lines
and four early maturing male testers, determine parents
showing general combining ability (GCA) and assess
crosses demonstrating specific combining ability (SCA).
Significant mean squares of lines and testers determined
GCA and confirmed the presence of additive genes that
were influencing the traits, while the significance of line×tester
interactions indicated the importance of SCA of
parents and demonstrated the importance of dominance
or non-additive genetic effects. Significant variance of
parents vs. crosses revealed significant average heterosis
for all the traits except first pod height and seeds per
pod. High narrow-sense heritability estimates for number
of branches and pod length indicated the importance of
additive genetic effects for these traits. Significantly positive
correlation was exhibited between GCA effects on
pods on main raceme and seed yield and, therefore, the
GCA effect on pods on main raceme can be used as indirect
selection criterion for improvement of seed yield. The
crosses L41×Foma2, Zafar×R42 and L22B×R38 recorded
significant positive SCA effects and high mean values of
seed yield of 3400, 3311.3 and 2904.2 kg ha-1, respectively.
Effect of vitamin D on free radical metabolism in renal tissues of septic rats / Septik ratların böbrek dokularında serbest radikal metabolizmasına vitamin D’nin etkisi
Authors: Atikeler Gökçe , Çıracı Mehmet Zahid , Kocabıyık Murat , Kavutçu Mustafa , Canbolat Orhan , Çevik Cemal
Published: September 2016

Objective: Sepsis is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the intensive care unit. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced excessive immune response is associated with multi-organ damage in sepsis. Excessive immune response causes multi-organ damage by increasing oxidative stress. Studies on the antioxidant effects of vitamin D demonstrated its protective role. In this study we aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin D on free radical metabolism in LPS injected rats.

Methods: Twenty four wistar albino rats were separated into control, sepsis, sepsis+vitamin D and vitamin D groups. Sepsis was induced with single injection of LPS Esherichia coli (O111-b4) 16 mg/kg. Vitamin D was given 2 mg/kg 25 (OH) single dose via gavage for 3 days. Renal function tests were analyzed in serum. Tissue catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities were analyzed, and rat renal tissues were evaluated histopathologically.

Results: SOD and GSH-Px activities were not significantly different between the groups. CAT activities were significantly decreased in all groups compared to control, this suppression was seen in the sepsis+vitamin D group versus sepsis group. GST activities were significantly decreased in sepsis and sepsis+vitamin D group compared to control, but GST activities were significantly elevated vitamin D group compare to sepsis and sepsis+vitamin D group. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels were significantly elevated in sepsis and sepsis+vitamin D group. Inflammation, expansion in bowman capsule were detected in sepsis and sepsis+vitamin D groups.

Conclusion: Vitamin D treatment does not seem to have protective role against renal toxicity in sepsis.Nutrition with vitamin D in sepsis may have suppressive effect on antioxidant enzymes such as CAT and GST due to reduced substrat level which use hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and GSH as a substrate.
Synthesis and characterization of the novel rare earth orthophosphates Y0.5Er0.5PO4and Y0.5Yb0.5PO4
Authors: Schildhammer Daniel , Petschnig Lucas L. , Fuhrmann Gerda , Heymann Gunter , Tribus Martina , Schottenberger Herwig , Huppertz Hubert
Published: September 2016

The new mixed rare earth (RE) orthophosphates Y0.5Er0.5PO4and Y0.5Yb0.5PO4were synthesized by a classical solid state reaction in an electrical furnace at 1200 °C. As starting materials, the corresponding rare earth oxides and diammonium hydrogen phosphate were used. The powder diffraction analyses revealed that the new compounds Y0.5Er0.5PO4and Y0.5Yb0.5PO4crystallize in a zircon-type structure being isostructural with the rare earth orthophosphate YPO4. Y0.5Er0.5PO4and Y0.5Yb0.5PO4crystallize in the tetragonal space groupI41/amd(no. 141) with four formula units in the unit cell. The structural parameters based on Rietveld refinements area= 687.27(2),c= 601.50(2) pm,V= 0.28412(1) nm3,Rp= 0.0143, andRwp= 0.0186 (all data) for Y0.5Er0.5PO4anda= 684.61(2),c= 599.31(2) pm,V= 0.28089(2) nm3,Rp= 0.0242, andRwp= 0.0313 (all data) for Y0.5Yb0.5PO4. Furthermore, the structure of Y0.5Er0.5PO4was refined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data:a= 687.78(5),c= 601.85(4) pm,V= 0.28470(5) nm3,R1= 0.0165, andwR2= 0.0385 (all data). In both compounds, the rare earth metal ions are eightfold coordinated by oxygen atoms, forming two unique interlocking tetrahedra with two individualRE–O distances. The tetrahedral phosphate groups [PO4]3–are slightly distorted in both compounds. The individual rare earth ions share a common position (Wyckoff site 4a). The presence of two rare earth ions in the structures of the new orthophosphates Y0.5Er0.5PO4and Y0.5Yb0.5PO4was additionally confirmed by single-crystal EDX spectroscopy revealing a ratio of 1:1.
Eine neue Methode zur Herstellung und Reinigung von 5-Methyltetrahydrofolsäure / A New Method for Preparation and Purification of 5-M ethyltetrahydrofolic Acid
Authors: Rüdiger Harold , Siede Reinhard
Published: September 2016

5-Methyltetrahydrofolic acid is prepared from folic acid by sodium borohydride reduction, reac­ tion with formaldehyde and reduction to the methyl derivative by sodium borohydride. The crude product is precipitated as barium salt which after having been converted to the sodium salt by ion exchange is adsorbed to QAE-Sephadex and eluted by different acetic acid gradients in subsequent chromatographies. This method allows to process gram quantities on reasonably small columns
Halogenierte Alkoxyphenylharnstoffe, ihre Herstellung und herbizide Wirkung / Halogenated Alkoxyphenylureas, Their Preparation and Herbicidal Activity
Authors: Hörlein Gerhard , Schönowsky Hubert , Studeneer Adolf , Langelüddeke Peter
Published: September 2016

In the side chain halogenated, especially fluorinated, alkoxyphenylureas are new herbicides with high activity. Methods for the synthesis of these compounds are reviewed
Zum stoffwechsel von aromaten, III. Spaltung von oestratrien-derivaten zu dicarbonsäuren vom typus der muconsäure / On the metabolism of aromatic compounds, III . scission of estratrien derivatives to dicarbonic acids of the muconic acid type
Authors: Walter G , Hecker E
Published: September 2016

By cleavage of the aromatic ring of 6,7-dihydroxy-tetraline (1) with peracetic acid 1,2-bis-carboxymethylene- cyclohexane (3 a) is obtained. The addition of one mole of water to 3 a leads to 1-hydroxy-1-carboxymethyl-2-carboxymethylene-cyclohexane (4), which is readily converted to the lactone 1-hydroxy-2-carboxymethylene-cyclohexane-γ-lactone-aceticacid-(1) (5). By melting of compound 4 or 5 1,2-dihydroxy-cyclohexane-diaceticacid-1 (1,2) -di-γ-lactone (6) is obtained.

1,2-bis-carboxymethylene-cyclohexane (3 a) shows a molecular asymmetry which is of a type similar as found in atropisomeric compounds. On the basis of conformational considerations it is demonstrated that in the dilactone 6 the cyclohexane ring is stabilized in the boat form.

Cleavage of the aromatic A-ring of 2-hydroxy-estradiol- (17β) -acetate (7) with peracetic acid occurs in a manner analogous to that of compound 1, giving rise to 2,3-seco-Δ10(1)-estrenediol- (5ξ, 17β)-diacid-(2,3)-lactone-(2 → 5) -17-acetate (8 a). 8 a is converted to the methylester 9 and further to the corresponding estrone derivative 11 a.

Estrone-[16-14C] was incubated with the 15 000 × g supernatant from rat liver homogenate in order to investigate the possibility if scission of the aromatic ring A of estrogens is a step in their katabolism. Substance 11 a was used as a carrier in these studies
Cytochrome c Reducing Substances in Photosynthetic Electron Transport
Authors: Oettmeier Walter , Lockau Wolfgang
Published: September 2016

Photosynthetic cytochrome c reduction by isolated chloroplasts is mediated by substances with characteristics of a "Cytochrome c Reducing Substance" (CRS). A water soluble extract of ether treated, lyophilized chloroplasts (called Sʟ-eth), related to the primary acceptor complex of photo­ system I, has CRS-activity. It contains p-coumaroyl-meso-tartaric acid. By comparison with model substances, the CRS-activity in chloroplasts is attributed to the iron complex of this compound. A number of other iron complexes and numerous quinones with redox potentials from - 220 mV to + 300 mV are also shown to possess CRS-activity. The CRS preparation from the blue green alga Anabaena cylindrica, as first described by Fujita and Myers, contains Fe3+/EDTA, which has all the chemical and functional properties as reported for CRS
Eine neue Larvenfarbmutation bei der Stechmücke Culex pipiens L / A new mutation of larval color in the mosquito, culex pipiens L
Authors: Dennhöfer Leonore
Published: September 2016

The new mutation “dunkel” (d) of the mosquito Culex pipiens L. causes larvae darker than the wildtype. Especially head capsule and siphon are dark brown, almost black. The factor is inherited like a recessive autosomal one. It is linked with the eye color mutation “ruby” in the 2nd coupling group and is characterised by 45 - 47% crossingover between these two mutations. Showing com­plete penetrance, the mutation is a good marker for the second chromosome. This mutation “dun­kel” is not identic with mel (melanotic larvae) or Bl (Blade larvae)
NOTIZEN n-Paraffins from the Flow ers and Leaves of parabenzoin praecox (Sieb. et Zucc.) Nakai (lauraceae)
Authors: Hayashi N , Komae H
Published: September 2016

P. praecox (Sieb, et Zucc.) Nakai (Lauraceae), flowers and leaves, n-paraffins (C17 to C34)
Weitere Hinweise für die Bedeutung der Epiderm is als Ort der Lichtperzeption bei circadianen Laubblattbewegungen / Further Indications for the Role of the Epidermis as the Site of Light Perception in Circadian Leaf Movements
Authors: Mayer Walter
Published: September 2016

Circadian rhythms, leaf epidermis, light perception, Kalanchoe
Preparation of Spin-Labeled Analogs of the Antitum or Agents TEPA and Thio-TEPA 1,2
Authors: Sosnovsky George , Yeh Younn-Ing , Karas Gary
Published: September 2016

Spin-labeling of phosphorus compounds, cancer, EPR, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl
Posttraumatic Stress and the Comprehension of Everyday Activity
Authors: Eisenberg Michelle L. , Sargent Jesse Q. , Zacks Jeffrey M.
Published: September 2016

People with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) often report difficulties with attention and memory on tasks that are unrelated to their trauma. One important component of everyday event comprehension is the segmentation of ongoing activity into meaningful events. The present study asked whether PTSD symptom severity was associated with impaired segmentation and memory for neutral, ongoing activity. A sample of 137 participants, ages 21–79, completed event segmentation and memory tasks, general cognitive functioning tasks, and questionnaires assessing PTSD symptom severity. People with higher levels of PTSD symptoms had poorer event segmentation and event memory performance. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses demonstrated that PTSD symptom severity explained unique variance in event segmentation performance, even after controlling for general cognitive function. These results suggest that interventions aimed at improving event comprehension may help compensate for memory disruptions in PTSD.
Value Narratives: A Novel Method for Understanding High-Cost Pediatric Hospital Patients
Authors: Smith Andrew , Andrews Seth , Wilkins Victoria , De Beritto Theodore , Jenkins Stephen , Maloney Christopher G.
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVES:

To delineate the drivers of cost associated with the most-costly inpatients in a tertiary pediatric hospital.

METHODS:

We identified the 10% most-costly inpatients treated at a large regional children’s hospital in 2010. From this group we randomly selected, within representative specialties, 2 groups of 50 inpatients for detailed chart review. By using daily cost data and clinical records, 2 independent reviewers examined the clinical course of each patient to identify events that drove cost beyond that expected for standard of care. By using an iterative process, these events were grouped into themes or “cost drivers.” Linear regression was used to measure the association of number of cost drivers and total 2010 inpatient cost.

RESULTS:

We identified 7 cost drivers: medical complications (49%), futile treatment (6%), failure to identify family care preferences (9%), system errors (65%), preventable admissions (21%), complex family dynamics (11%), and expensive diagnosis with no other cost driver (15%). Cost drivers were associated with increased total costs.

CONCLUSIONS:

We developed a novel method for understanding high-cost inpatients. This method allowed a more detailed understanding of cost drivers than could be achieved with administrative data alone. Many of these cost drivers were related to problems with communication.
Researchers’, Regulators’, and Sponsors’ Views on Pediatric Clinical Trials: A Multinational Study
Authors: Joseph Pathma D. , Craig Jonathan C. , Tong Allison , Caldwell Patrina H.Y.
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

The last decade has seen dramatic changes in the regulatory landscape to support more trials involving children, but child-specific challenges and inequitable conduct across income regions persist. The goal of this study was to describe the attitudes and opinions of stakeholders toward trials in children, to inform additional strategies to promote more high-quality, relevant pediatric trials across the globe.

METHODS:

Key informant semi-structured interviews were conducted with stakeholders (researchers, regulators, and sponsors) who were purposively sampled from low- to middle-income countries and high-income countries. The transcripts were thematically analyzed.

RESULTS:

Thirty-five stakeholders from 10 countries were interviewed. Five major themes were identified: addressing pervasive inequities (paucity of safety and efficacy data, knowledge disparities, volatile environment, double standards, contextual relevance, market-driven forces, industry sponsorship bias and prohibitive costs); contending with infrastructural barriers (resource constraints, dearth of pediatric trial expertise, and logistical complexities); navigating complex ethical and regulatory frameworks (“draconian” oversight, ambiguous requirements, exploitation, excessive paternalism and precariousness of coercion versus volunteerism); respecting uniqueness of children (pediatric research paradigms, child-appropriate approaches, and family-centered empowerment); and driving evidence-based child health (advocacy, opportunities, treatment access, best practices, and research prioritization).

CONCLUSIONS:

Stakeholders acknowledge that changes in the regulatory environment have encouraged more trials in children, but they contend that inequities and political, regulatory, and resource barriers continue to exist. Embedding trials as part of routine clinical care, addressing the unique needs of children, and streamlining regulatory approvals were suggested. Stakeholders recommended increasing international collaboration, establishing centralized trials infrastructure, and aligning research to child health priorities to encourage trials that address global child health care needs.
Eye Pain in Children
Authors: Aguilera Zenia P. , Chen Pauline L.
Published: September 2016

Primary care physicians are often the first to see a child with the complaint of eye pain. The eye examination in children is not easy, and the entities that can cause pain in children range from a foreign body in the cornea to the most serious amblyogenic (inducing decreased vision) and life-threatening conditions. Eye pain is a red flag for ocular and systemic conditions, either in a “quiet eye” or “red eye.” A detailed history of present illness; pertinent review of systems; close attention to the past medical, family, and social histories; and meticulous physical examination can help to determine the cause, establish the correct treatment, and serve as the basis for referral to a pediatric ophthalmologist if necessary.
Diversity and spatial genetic structure of a natural population of Theobroma speciosum (Malvaceae) in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Dardengo Juliana De Freitas Encinas , Rossi Ana Aparecida Bandini , Silva Bruna Mezzalira da , Silva Ivone Vieira da , Silva Carolina Joana da , Sebbenn Alexandre Magno
Published: September 2016

The quantification of genetic diversity and intrapopulation spatial genetic structure (SGS) of tree species are important aspects for in and ex situ conservation practices. In this study we seek to understand the importance of conservation areas by quantifying the genetic diversity and the spatial genetic structure of a natural population of Theobroma speciosum. Within this population, 49 adults and 51 subadults were genotyped for five microsatellite loci. The results showed that adults and subadults have similar levels of genetic diversity and inbreeding (adults: A= 10.4, Ae = 10.3, F= 0.68, subadults: A= 10.6, Ae= 10.6, F= 0.57). Genetic diversity was spatially structured within the population, and the results suggest that near-neighbor trees up to a distance of 70 m are likely related. SGS is likely the result of short-distance seed dispersal, the short-distance range of pollinators, and infrequent breaches of the self-incompatible mating system. Considering the high demographic density of the species and size of the study area, as well as the high average number of alleles per locus and the presence of rare alleles, we believe that the study population is an excellent resource for in situ genetic conservation of T. speciosum. The study area is also a useful resource for collecting germplasm for ex situ conservation and seed collection, either for breeding programs used in the restoration of degraded areas or forest improvement.
Regionalism and Political Opinion in Arkansas: An Exploratory Survey
Authors: Savage Robert L. , Blair Diane D.
Published: September 2016

It has become commonplace in contemporary discussions of Arkansas politics to make certain intrastate or regional distinctions. For example, based on the evidence of the last decade's statewide and substrate elections, Republican candidates are more likely to find favor in northwest Arkansas than in southeast Arkansas. Drawing on everything from legislative positions on the Equal Rights Amendment and creation science bill to advertisements in the Arkansas Times, it is widely assumed that values and attitudes are more progressive in the densely-populated, more urban and sophisticated central region than in the sparsely-populated, more rural and provincial hills and lowlands. The considerable Black population in eastern and southern Arkansas presumably skews political opinions and judgments in one direction, while the increasing numbers of midwestern migrants into northern and western Arkansas presumably have a distinctive and dissimilar political impact.
Outsiders and the Amateur Legislature: A Case Study of Legislative Politics
Authors: English Arthur , Carroll John J.
Published: September 2016

Political scientists have concentrated their analyses on the United States Congress and legislatures in the larger states, while developing a literature rich in insight on legislative institutions. But this literature has often overlooked that most typical, albeit declining, legislative phenomena, the amateur or citizens legislatures which are found in the smaller and more rural states. The defining difference between these two types of legislative institutions, i.e., between the "professionalized” Congress, California legislature, and the amateur Rhode Island or Arkansas General Assemblies, is that in the one legislators "legislate" for a living while in the other members serve part-time and draw their principal paychecks elsewhere.
The Disorder of World Order Thought
Authors: Kelley Gary D. , Kelley Michael A.
Published: September 2016

There has emerged in recent years a cascade of criticism aimed at the alleged obsolescence of the nation-state system which currently orders global politics, and the inadequacies of "mainstream literature and teaching about international studies (which) do not focus sufficiently upon global problems or long-range strategies for dealing with them" (Weiss, 1974: 22). According to this view, orthodox, empirical international studies train their focus on the state and its traditional "high politics" concerns of war and peace to the exclusion of other weighty concerns such as environmental deterioration, poverty, social injustice, and individual alienation. Nor are orthodox empirical studies likely to discover solutions to these problems, or even that of war, because these are seemingly products of the very nation-state system, which the international studies discipline, in its empirically conservative concern with state interactions, helps to perpetuate. A new normative order embracing the goal of world community is said to be needed if we are to survive these supposed dysfunctions of the nation-state system, and many advocates of this approach have set themselves the task of revising the international studies discipline to include discussion of all relevant problems, values, potential forces for change, and strategies for molding the future.
Images of Community Action in a Southern City: An Exploratory Typological Analysis
Authors: Savage Robert L.
Published: September 2016

The participation of citizens in the politics of the sundry levels of government in the United States receives much attention from political scientists and other scholars, and this attention has probably increased due to stronger demands from the national government for state and local decision makers to provide a role for greater popular "consultation." Yet, most of this effort, whether in scholarly research or governmental programs, presupposed an "agenda" for public action developed by policy makers and other political leaders and transmitted through the mass media. Citizen participation, then, is defined largely in terms of responses to rather specific stimuli-policies proffered by political leaders--with little regard for more basic policy values that may shape more general responses, especially evaluations by citizens of the adequacy of the community in responding to their needs and the competency of government more specifically to deal with such problems.
House Committee Cohesiveness as a Factor in Winning Conference Committee Outcomes
Authors: Dewhirst Robert E.
Published: September 2016

Frequently referred to as the "third house of Congress" by public officials and political scientists, conference committees have been the subject of numerous articles and books dating back to at least 1927, when an essentially descriptive study (McCown, 1927) outlined their origins and development. The impetus for the attention stems from the critical juncture conference committees occupy in the legislative process. Through sometimes lengthy and complex maneuvers, conference committees deliberations can and frequently do significantly alter legislation produced in one or both houses. Much of the attention of scholars and journalists has been directed toward attempting to determine why one house "wins" the conference deliberations (meaning which house came the closest to having its version of a bill reported out by the committee).
Is the Fourth Amendment Obsolete?
Authors: DiPippa John M.A.
Published: September 2016

The short answer to the question posed in the title is no. The Fourth Amendment is not obsolete because the core values it seeks to protect are still important to a free society. The better question and the one this article addresses is whether or not current Fourth Amendment doctrine adequately protects individual privacy in the face of sophisticated and advancing surveillance and detection technology.