bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Certain Vitamins and Natural Anti‐oxidants on Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity and on Atrophic and Premalignant Changes in the Human Gastric Mucosa
Authors: BUKIN Yuriy V. , PODDUBNIY Boris K. , KUVSHINOV Yuruy P. , DRAUDIN-KRYLENKO Vladimir A. , SHABANOV Michael A.
Published: March 2019

The effects of beta‐carotene, vitamin E and a pharmaceutical complex of natural anti‐oxidants (OXY‐GARD) on abnormally high ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in antral gastric mucosa of patients with atrophic gastritis (AG), accompanied by intestinal metaplasia (IM), were studied in a randomized placebo‐controlled clinical trial. In cases with H. pylori infection, preliminary eradication of this bacterium was carried out utilizing a standard chemotherapeutic schedule (de nol+metronidazole+oxytetracycline). Efficient eradication of H. pylori resulted in an ODC activity decrease of 16%, on average. It was shown that supplementation with beta‐carotene, at a daily dose of 20 mg, or with vitamin E, at a daily dose of 400 IU, produced decreases in ODC activity of 46% and 44%, respectively, by three months. Daily supplementation with 1 or 2 capsules of OXY‐GARD for three months resulted in ODC activity decreases of 23% and 48%, respectively. Taking into account that abnormally high ODC activity is associated with a high oncogenic potential and plays a specific role in tumor promotion, it is reasonable to suggest that beta‐carotene, vitamin E and OXY‐GARD act in atrophic or premalignant gastric mucosa as anti‐promoters.

Preliminary data indicate that prolonged administration of these nutritional supplements, e.g. beta‐carotene for one year, to IM patients produces the maximum decrease in ODC activity at three months. We found that this decrease was accompanied by a delayed partial regression of IM in nine of 18 patients (response rate 50%, 95% confidence interval 26–74%). A study on the effects of long‐term vitamin E or OXY‐GARD supplementation on IM regression is currently in progress. (Dig Endosc 1996 ; 8 : 184–191)
A Clinicopathological Study on Surgically Resected Stomachs in Patients with Preceding Endoscopic Mucosal Resection for Early Gastric Cancer
Authors: HONMYO Ubehiko , MISUMI Atsunobu , MURAKAMI Akitoshi , MIZUMOTO Seiichi , YOSHINAKA Ichiro , MAEDA Masaomi , OSHIMA Shigeki , YAMAMOTO Shin-ichi , MURATA Hiroshi
Published: March 2019

We performed a clinicopathological study on surgical gastrectomy specimens in 19 patients who were operated on after endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) which had been performed in an attempt to attain a radical cure of early gastric cancer. The surgical specimens were scrutinized for the purpose of evaluating the preceding EMR. The indications for surgical resection were extension of cancerous tissue to the mucosal stump or submucosal invasion in the EMR specimens, and residual cancer confirmed by follow‐up biopsy. Cancerous tissue was noted at the mucosal stump in the EMR specimen in 14 cases, among whom 12 (85. 7%) had remnant cancer in the mucosa of the resected stomach. In one case that had shown a cancer‐free distance of 1 mm at the mucosal stump of the EMR specimen, cancer was found in the mucosa of the resected stomach. Submucosal invasion was observed in the EMR specimen in 12 cases, among whom nine (75.0%) had nests of cancerous tissue left in the resected stomach. This study suggests that it is important in conducting radical EMR to ensure sufficient (2 mm or greater) cancer‐free mucosa at the margins. In other words, subsequent gastrectomy should be performed whenever cancer‐free margins of the EMR specimens are considered insufficient. It is also suggested that in cases with submucosal invasion, EMR inherently carries a high risk of incomplete excision leaving cancerous tissue and/or metastasis. More extensive surgery with lymph node dissection is indicated in such cases. (Dig Endosc 1996 ; 8 : 192‐198)
New Diagnostic Methods for Anomalous Pancreaticobiliary Junction
Authors: MATSUMOTO Shinji , IKEDA Seiyo , MIYAZAKI Ryo , MAESHIRO Kensei , OKAMOTO Kiyoshi , HIROYOSHI Motomasa , RYU Shinichiro , INOUE Tetsu , HAMADA Yoshihiro
Published: March 2019

New diagnostic methods of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography using a balloon catheter (balloon ERCP) and endoscopic Oddi's sphincter manometry were employed and investigated in 31 patients with an anomalous pancreaticobiliary junction (APBJ). Balloon ERCP was more comfortable for the patients and provided better visualization than conventional ERCP because this procedure allows free postural movement due to withdrawal of the duodenoscope and provides for an additional injection of contrast medium, if necessary. Endoscopic manometric study demonstrated that 1) although the patients with APBJ had a longer common channel, the length of the Oddi's sphincter segment showing phasic wave activity was not different from that of the controls, 2) the anomalous junction was located beyond the Oddi's sphincter segment and showed no phasic wave activity. These findings suggest that contractions of Oddi's sphincter in patients with APBJ may contribute to reflux between the pancreatic and bile ducts, leading to various pathologic conditions associated with this anomaly. Our balloon ERCP and manometric Oddi's sphincter study demonstrated new diagnostic means for determining morphological and functional aspects of APBJ. (Dig Endosc 1996 ; 8 : 205‐208)
Double‐Stenting Therapy for Left Lung Collapse Caused by Compression of Esophageal Carcinoma after Esophageal Stenting
Authors: LEE Wei-Yang , LIN Jaw-Town , TSAI Jiunn-Yih , WANG Teh-Hong
Published: March 2019

We report a rare respiratory complication after esophageal stenting for esophageal cancer. The patient, a 58‐year‐old male, presented with dysphagia and frequent choking of six months' duration. Malignant obstruction due to esophageal cancer complicated by a bronchoesophageal fistula was diagnosed. Total collapse of the left lung occurred on the second day after implantation of a rigid esophageal stent. The esophageal tumor was pushed into the left bronchial lumen resulting in complete obstruction. The left lung re‐expanded after removal of the stent. The bronchial tumor was reduced in size after radiotherapy and, subsequently, a mesh stent was successfully implanted into the obstructed bronchial segment. The original rigid esophageal stent was then re‐inserted and the left lung regained sufficient aeration after the double‐stenting therapy. (Dig Endosc 1996; 8: 216‐219)
A Case of Depressed Type Early Duodenal Carcinoma Treated by Endoscopic Mucosal Resection
Authors: SAKANE Masayoshi , KASHIWAGI Ryoichi , MITSUTSUJI Masaaki , TABATA Tomomi , TABATA Fumihira , UEDA Toshihiko , TAKIMOTO Toshiro , FUJIMORI Takahiro
Published: March 2019

A case of depressed type early cancer in the 2nd portion of the duodenum is reported. A 52‐year‐old man underwent endoscopic examination, which revealed a depressed lesion in the 2nd portion of the duodenum, which was demonstrated by endoscopic biopsy to be borderline atypia. Endoscopic mucosal resection was performed. The resected specimen showed a rubescent irregular depression, 8 mm in size with marginal elevation. Histological examination revealed a well differentiated tubylar adenocarcinoma. The resected margins were cancer‐free. The stereoscopic image obtained from the resected specimen revealed a sulcus pattern on the margin of the noncancerous mucosa, which showed a demarcation with the cancerous mucosa and exhibited a zigzag pattern. This is the 12th case of depressed type early carcinoma of the duodenum reported in Japan. (Dig Endosc 1996 ; 8 : 231‐235)
Endoscopic Transesophageal Drainage of Mediastinal Abscesses Caused by Anastomotic Leakage
Authors: KOYAMA Nobuatsu , YOSIDA Hatsuo , NIHEI Mitsuhiro , SAKONJI Mitsuaki
Published: March 2019

Mediastinal abscesses caused by anastomotic leakage following esophago‐gastrostomy are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Surgical treatments are often difficult because of the presence of inflammation and adhesions. Percutaneous drainage techniques are limited due to the location of the esophagus. We attempted endoscopic transesophageal drainage in a 74‐year‐old male with a mediastinal abscess due to anastomotic leakage. This method reduced discharge into the cavity, and excellent drainage was obtained. It was less traumatic than techniques that employ flexible bronchofiberscopy. We were able to insert a guidewire through the anastomotic disruption site into the abscess cavity for observation. Endoscopic transesophageal drainage is therefore a safe and reliable technique for mediastinal abscesses caused by anastomotic leakage of esophago‐gastrostomy. (Dig Endosc 1996; 8: 236‐238)
Effects of pesticides on exposure and susceptibility to parasites can be generalised to pesticide class and type in aquatic communities
Authors: Rumschlag Samantha L. , Halstead Neal T. , Hoverman Jason T. , Raffel Thomas R. , Carrick Hunter J. , Hudson Peter J. , Rohr Jason R.
Published: March 2019

Pesticide pollution can alter parasite transmission, but scientists are unaware if effects of pesticides on parasite exposure and host susceptibility (i.e. infection risk given exposure) can be generalised within a community context. Using replicated temperate pond communities, we evaluate effects of 12 pesticides, nested in four pesticide classes (chloroacetanilides, triazines, carbamates organophosphates) and two pesticide types (herbicides, insecticides) applied at standardised environmental concentrations on larval amphibian exposure and susceptibility to trematode parasites. Most of the variation in exposure and susceptibility occurred at the level of pesticide class and type, not individual compounds. The organophosphate class of insecticides increased snail abundance (first intermediate host) and thus trematode exposure by increasing mortality of snail predators (top–down mechanism). While a similar pattern in snail abundance and trematode exposure was observed with triazine herbicides, this effect was driven by increases in snail resources (periphytic algae, bottom–up mechanism). Additionally, herbicides indirectly increased host susceptibility and trematode infections by (1) increasing time spent in susceptible early developmental stages and (2) suppressing tadpole immunity. Understanding generalisable effects associated with contaminant class and type on transmission is critical in reducing complexities in predicting disease dynamics in at‐risk host populations.
Extrasynaptic γ‐aminobutyric acid type A receptor–mediated sex differences in the antiseizure activity of neurosteroids in status epilepticus and complex partial seizures
Authors: Reddy Doodipala Samba , Carver Chase Matthew , Clossen Bryan , Wu Xin
Published: March 2019

Objective

Sex differences are evident in the antiseizure activity of neurosteroids; however, the potential mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we sought to determine whether differences in target extrasynaptic δ‐subunit γ‐aminobutyric acid type A (GABA‐A) receptor expression and function underlie the sex differences in seizure susceptibility and the antiseizure activity of neurosteroids.

Methods

Sex differences in seizure susceptibility and protective activity of three distinct neurosteroids—allopregnanolone (AP), androstanediol (AD), and ganaxolone—were evaluated in the pilocarpine model of status epilepticus (SE) and kindling seizure test in mice. Immunocytochemistry was used for δGABA‐A receptor expression analysis, and patch‐clamp recordings in brain slices evaluated its functional currents.

Results

Sex differences were apparent in kindling epileptogenic seizures, with males exhibiting a faster progression to a fully kindled state. Neurosteroids AP, AD, or ganaxolone produced dose‐dependent protection against SE and acute partial seizures. However, female mice exhibited strikingly enhanced sensitivity to the antiseizure activity of neurosteroids compared to males. Sex differences in neurosteroid protection were unrelated to pharmacokinetic factors, as plasma levels of neurosteroids associated with seizure protection were similar between sexes. Mice lacking extrasynaptic δGABA‐A receptors did not exhibit sex differences in neurosteroid protection. Consistent with a greater abundance of extrasynaptic δGABA‐A receptors, AP produced a significantly greater potentiation of tonic currents in dentate gyrus granule cells in females than males; however, such enhanced AP sensitivity was diminished in δGABA‐A receptor knockout female mice.

Significance

Neurosteroids exhibit greater antiseizure potency in females than males, likely due to a greater abundance of extrasynaptic δGABA‐A receptors that mediate neurosteroid‐sensitive tonic currents and seizure protection. These findings indicate the potential to develop personalized gender‐specific neurosteroid treatments for SE and epilepsy in men and women, including catamenial epilepsy.
Intralesional application of medical grade honey improves healing of surgically treated lacerations in horses
Authors: Mandel H. H. , Sutton G. A. , Abu E. , Kelmer G.
Published: March 2019

Background

Infection and dehiscence of simple lacerations is common in horses, and consistently effective methods of prevention are yet to be found. Honey has been shown to promote wound healing when applied topically; however, intralesional application prior to wound closure has not been reported.

Objectives

To examine whether intralesional application of medical grade honey (MGH) would reduce the incidence of infection and dehiscence following wound closure.

Study design

Prospective, open‐label randomised block design clinical study.

Methods

Lacerations, treated by field practitioners, were divided into treatment and control groups using block randomisation. Horses in the treatment group received a single intralesional treatment with l‐mesitran gel (MGH). Data were collected at the time of wound closure and at suture removal.

Results

Data from 127 horses were included, 69MGH‐treated and 58 control cases. No adverse effects of theMGHwere recorded.MGH‐treated horses were more likely to completely heal (P = 0.006, odds ratio [OR] 3.40 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.41–8.20), to have no signs of infection (P = 0.007,OR3.64,CI1.42–9.26) and for the veterinarians to report some degree of satisfaction (P = 0.04,OR2.72,CI1.05–7.09) compared to control cases. Numbers needed to treat for complete healing was 5.1 (CI2.8–40).

Main limitations

Clinical studies have inherent flaws compared to wound healing models, because of variability between wounds. There were more horses with limb injuries in the control group, although not statistically significant, this may have biased the results. Clinical satisfaction and signs of infection were subjective evaluations and evaluators were not blinded to the treatment group.

Conclusions

Intralesional application ofMGHto lacerations prior to wound closure may be beneficial in preventing infection and dehiscence. Larger, blinded studies focusing on wounds at a specific location with more objective assessment should be pursued.
Satellite detection of cumulative and lagged effects of drought on autumn leaf senescence over the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Peng Jie , Wu Chaoyang , Zhang Xiaoyang , Wang Xiaoyue , Gonsamo Alemu
Published: March 2019

Climate change has substantial influences on autumn leaf senescence, that is, the end of the growing season (EOS). Relative to the impacts of temperature and precipitation on EOS, the influence of drought is not well understood, especially considering that there are apparent cumulative and lagged effects of drought on plant growth. Here, we investigated the cumulative and lagged effects of drought (in terms of the Standardized Precipitation–Evapotranspiration Index, SPEI) on EOS derived from the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI3g) data over the Northern Hemisphere extra‐tropical ecosystems (>30°N) during 1982–2015. The cumulative effect was determined by the number of antecedent months at which SPEI showed the maximum correlation with EOS (i.e., Rmax‐cml) while the lag effect was determined by a month during which the maximum correlation between 1‐month SPEI and EOS occurred (i.e., Rmax‐lag). We found cumulative effect of drought on EOS for 27.2% and lagged effect for 46.2% of the vegetated land area. For the dominant time scales where the Rmax‐cml and Rmax‐lag occurred, we observed 1–4 accumulated months for the cumulative effect and 2–6 lagged months for the lagged effect. At the biome level, drought had stronger impacts on EOS in grasslands, savannas, and shrubs than in forests, which may be related to the different root functional traits among vegetation types. Considering hydrological conditions, the mean values of both Rmax‐cml and Rmax‐lag decreased along the gradients of annual SPEI and its slope, suggesting stronger cumulative and lagged effects in drier regions as well as in areas with decreasing water availability. Furthermore, the average accumulated and lagged months tended to decline along the annual SPEI gradient but increase with increasing annual SPEI. Our results revealed that drought has strong cumulative and lagged effects on autumn phenology, and considering these effects could provide valuable information on the vegetation response to a changing climate.
Staff mix and nursing home quality by level of case mix in Korea
Authors: Song Misook , Song Hyunjong
Published: March 2019

Aim

The purpose of the present study was to identify the relationship between staff mix in nursing homes and quality of care by level of case mix in Korea.

Methods

Data used in the present study came from Long‐Term Care Insurance claims data with basic information of nursing homes with >29 beds (n = 1137) and quality evaluation reports. Staff mix was calculated as the number of nursing staff, social workers and care workers per total staff number.

Results

In multinomial logistic regression analyses, institutions with a higher ratio of social workers were classified as top‐quality class institutes after controlling ownership, location, size and percentage of high level of care needs residents. In analyzing the higher case mix nursing homes, institutions with a high ratio of nursing staff and social workers were more likely to be classified as top‐quality class than the lowest class institutions. However, there was no significant association between quality of care and ratio of staff mix in the lower case mix nursing homes.

Conclusions

A higher staff mix was positively related to nursing home quality of care, but the relationship was affected by case mix of residents’ care demand. Therefore, the current minimum staffing standard for personnel in nursing homes should be modified considering the acuity of the residents. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 438–443.
Low‐grade oncocytic tumour of kidney (CD117‐negative, cytokeratin 7‐positive): a distinct entity?
Authors: Trpkov Kiril , Williamson Sean R , Gao Yuan , Martinek Petr , Cheng Liang , Sangoi Ankur R , Yilmaz Asli , Wang Cheng , San Miguel Fraile Pilar , Perez Montiel Delia M , Bulimbasić Stela , Rogala Joanna , Hes Ondrej
Published: March 2019

Aim

To describe a group of distinct low‐grade oncocytic renal tumours that demonstrate CD117 negative/cytokeratin (CK) 7‐positive immunoprofile.

Methods and results

We identified 28 such tumours from four large renal tumour archives. We performed immunohistochemistry for: CK7, CD117, PAX8, CD10, AMACR, e‐cadherin, CK20, CA9, AE1/AE3, vimentin, BerEP4, MOC31, CK5/6, p63, HMB45, melan A, CD15 and FH. In 14 cases we performed array CGH, with a successful result in nine cases. Median patient age was 66 years (range 49–78 years) with a male‐to‐female ratio of 1:1.8. Median tumour size was 3 cm (range 1.1–13.5 cm). All were single tumours, solid and tan‐brown, without a syndromic association. On microscopy, all cases showed solid and compact nested growth. There were frequent areas of oedematous stroma with loosely arranged cells. The tumour cells had oncocytic cytoplasm with uniformly round to oval nuclei, but without significant irregularities, and showed only focal perinuclear halos. Negative CD117 and positive CK7 reactivity were present in all cases (in two cases there was focal and very weak CD117 reactivity). Uniform reactivity was found for PAX8, AE1/AE3, e‐cadherin, BerEP4 and MOC31. Negative stains included CA9, CK20, vimentin, CK5/6, p63, HMB45, Melan A and CD15. CD10 and AMACR were either negative or focally positive; FH was retained. On array CGH, there were frequent deletions at 19p13.3 (seven of nine), 1p36.33 (five of nine) and 19q13.11 (four of nine); disomic status was found in two of nine cases. On follow‐up (mean 31.8 months, range 1–118), all patients were alive with no disease progression.

Conclusion

Low‐grade oncocytic tumours that are CD117‐negative/CK7‐positive demonstrate consistent and readily recognisable morphology, immunoprofile and indolent behaviour.
The Enigmas of Rehabilitation and Resettlement: Forms of Capital, Desistance and the Contextualisation of Carceral‐Community Offender Transitions
Authors: MOORE ROGER
Published: March 2019

In England and Wales the government project of Transforming Rehabilitation (TR) has raised even further the profiles of rehabilitation and resettlement in penal policy. However, the question of what rehabilitation and resettlement precisely mean has once again been glossed over. This article returns to these problematics and asks whether, in the context of post‐carceral transitions, concepts of social and human capital might have wider resonance in penal policy. It is argued that the work of Bourdieu may have much to offer in reframing the delivery of rehabilitation and resettlement programmes for offenders faced with the diverse challenges of societal return.
Challenges in the treatment of psoriasis with biologics: vaccination, history of malignancy, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and pediatric psoriasis
Authors: Plachouri Kerasia‐Maria , Georgiou Sophia
Published: March 2019

Biologics are potent immunomodulatory drugs, whose application in the treatment of psoriasis has shown extremely good therapeutic results and a satisfactory safety profile. The administration of these agents in special cases, such as in patients with HIV infection, previous malignancy, unclear vaccination status as well as children, can be challenging. This report is an updated systematic review of the use of biologics in the above‐mentioned groups. Articles derived from the databases PubMed, EMBASE, and SCOPUS, and published between 1989 and 2018, were analyzed for this study. The existing evidence is not in all cases sufficient in order to provide adequate insight on the management of these complex situations. The aim of this report is to present a summarized update on the knowledge of this special topic so far and to draw into attention the need to conduct more systematic studies so as to clarify the best therapeutic strategies for these special patient groups when it comes to the use of biologics.
Natural history of a systemic right ventricle
Authors: Lee Jean , Ruygrok Peter N. , Gerber Ivor L. , Finucane A. Kirsten
Published: March 2019

The natural history of a systemic right ventricle after an atrial switch procedure has yet to be fully characterised. We describe the case of the longest surviving patient at our institution who underwent a Mustard Baffle correction for dextro‐transposition of great arteries in childhood. Over following decades he was reviewed regularly with deteriorating systemic right ventricle function. At around 50 years of age he developed worsening heart failure on maximal medical therapy. He was subsequently assessed for cardiac transplantation which he underwent successfully at the age of 55 years.
Origins of CD4+ circulating and tissue‐resident memory T‐cells
Authors: Nguyen Quynh P. , Deng Tianda Z. , Witherden Deborah A. , Goldrath Ananda W.
Published: March 2019

In response to infection, naive CD4+ T‐cells proliferate and differentiate into several possible effector subsets, including conventional T helper effector cells (TH1, TH2, TH17), T regulatory cells (Treg) and T follicular helper cells (TFH). Once infection is cleared, a small population of long‐lived memory cells remains that mediate immune defenses against reinfection. Memory T lymphocytes have classically been categorized into central memory cell (TCM) and effector memory cell (TEM) subsets, both of which circulate between blood, secondary lymphoid organs and in some cases non‐lymphoid tissues. A third subset of memory cells, referred to as tissue‐resident memory cells (TRM), resides in tissues without recirculation, serving as ‘first line’ of defense at barrier sites, such as skin, lung and intestinal mucosa, and augmenting innate immunity in the earliest phases of reinfection and recruiting circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cells. The presence of multiple CD4+ T helper subsets has complicated studies of CD4+ memory T‐cell differentiation, and the mediators required to support their function. In this review, we summarize recent investigations into the origins of CD4+ memory T‐cell populations and discuss studies addressing CD4+ TRM differentiation in barrier tissues.
In vitro cellular viability studies on a concentrated surfactant‐based wound dressing
Authors: Chen Rui , Salisbury Anne‐Marie , Percival Steven L.
Published: March 2019

In this study, three cellular cytotoxic assays (direct contact assay, extraction assay, and cell insert assay) were applied to evaluate the effects of a concentrated surfactant gel preserved with antimicrobials and a concentrated surfactant gel with 1% silver sulfadiazine on both the mouse fibroblast cell line L929 and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFa). Also, the in vitro wound model was wounded by a 100 μL pipette tip and used to assess cell migration and wound closure after treatment with both gels. A needle‐scratched membrane disruption model was used to preliminarily evaluate membrane stabilisation and the membrane‐resealing effects of concentrated surfactant gels. It was demonstrated that the concentrated surfactant gel preserved with antimicrobials was not toxic to both L929 and HDFa. However, the concentrated surfactant gel with 1% silver sulfadiazine demonstrated a degree of cytotoxicity to both cell types. After treatment with a concentrated surfactant gel preserved with antimicrobials, cell movement to close the scratch gap was enhanced at 24 and 48 hours. The results also showed that cells treated with the concentrated surfactant gel preserved with antimicrobials decreased cell necrosis and improved cell resistance of the f‐actin rearrangement after a needle scratch. The results demonstrated that a concentrated surfactant gel preserved with antimicrobials is non‐cytotoxic and has ability to accelerate wound closure by enhancing cell mobility. Furthermore, the concentrated surfactant gel appeared to stabilise the plasma membrane and demonstrated a resealing ability and helped to retain the plasma membrane integrity and enhanced wound healing.
Near infrared mechanoluminescence from Sr3Sn2O7: Nd3+for in situ biomechanical sensor and dynamic pressure mapping
Authors: Xiong Puxian , Peng Mingying , Cao Jiangkun , Li Xueliang
Published: March 2019

Mechanoluminescence (ML) is a phenomenon upon external mechanical stimuli and it has found diverse applications such as stress sensing, structure health diagnosis, 3‐D signature, energy harvesting etc because of its unique properties of in situ and real‐time response to the stimuli. However, ML of most of the state‐of‐art phosphors primarily appears within the spectral range from ultraviolet to visible, which does not lie in the biological transparent windows, and, therefore, limits its applications in biological field. Here, we report a strong near infrared (NIR) ML from orthorhombicCmcmperovskite Sr3Sn2O7: Nd3+, which is peaked at ~ 900 nm and located exactly within the first optical transparent window of tissues. The ML apparates after gradual discharge of the traps deeper than 0.73 eV triggered by the external mechanical stimuli and subsequently excitation of Nd3+to the state of4F3/2. The rechargable ML presents well repeatable linearity to loaded force at least up to 5000 N, and it can penetrate tissues easily that are thick up to 30 mm such as pigskin and the ceramic disk of hydroxy apatite which is the main constituent of bone. These results demonstrate the potential application for in situ biomechanical sensor. Meanwhile, by recording and processing these ML signals during signing on a pellet sample, for the first time, we provide a novel signature system based on NIR ML. This could raise the security level of existed signature anti‐countering to a higher level.
Molecular systematics, biogeography and taxonomy of forest‐falcons in the Micrastur ruficollis species complex (Aves: Falconidae)
Authors: Soares Leonardo Moura dos Santos , Bates John , Carneiro Lincoln Silva , Santos Marcos Pérsio Dantas , Aleixo Alexandre
Published: March 2019

We gathered molecular data to assess phylogenetic and phylogeographic patterns for widespread lineages of Neotropical forest falcons in the genus Micrastur to: 1) investigate the comparative phylogeography of four species from the M. ruficollis complex (M. ruficollis, M. gilvicollis, M. plumbeus and M. mintoni), to identify the temporal and spatial context of the group's diversification; and 2) to reevaluate, based on molecular characters, the taxonomic status and interspecific boundaries within this complex. Molecular phylogenies were based on sequences of the mitochondrial genes ND2 and Cyt b and the nuclear genes FIB5 and MUSK from 119 specimens, including M. mirandollei and M. semitorquatus as outgroups. The phylogenetic trees obtained by BI and a Species Tree analysis recovered the monophyly of currently accepted species belonging to the M. ruficollis complex. The dates in our tree indicate that the separation of species within the complex occurred 2–4 million yr ago, initiating during the Neogene (Pliocene). However, when compared to most such widely distributed Neotropical lineages, the diversification within the M. ruficollis complex appears more recent (i.e. centered in the Late Pleistocene). Our results demonstrate the existence of eleven geographic lineages (subclades) in M. ruficollis, M. gilvicollis and M. mintoni, which differ genetically from each other and therefore can be interpreted as distinct evolutionary lineages and possibly separate species under lineage‐based species concepts. However, BPP results failed to recognize with strong statistical support any of these subclades as distinct species. Distinct subclades in the M. ruficollis complex are limited by the principal tributaries of the Amazon River and the Andes, suggesting that these modern barriers limit gene flow and thereby could have promoted differentiation mostly during the Pleistocene. However, our results indicate widely disparate responses to individual barriers across subclades, supporting lineage‐specific histories throughout the Neotropics.
rSJYB1 inhibits collagen type I protein expression in hepatic stellate cells via down‐regulating activity of collagen α1 (I) promoter
Authors: Chen Liuting , Ji Zhaodong , Duan Lian , Zhu Dandan , Chen Jinling , Sun Xiaolei , Yu Yang , Duan Yinong
Published: March 2019

YB1 is a negative regulator in liver fibrosis. We wondered whether SJYB1, a homologous protein of YB1 from Schistosoma japonicum, has an effect on liver fibrosis in vitro. Recombinant SJYB1 (rSJYB1) protein was expressed in a bacterial system and purified by Ni‐NTA His·Bind Resin. A human hepatic stellate cell line, the LX‐2 cell line, was cultured and treated with rSJYB1. The role of rSJYB1 on LX‐2 cells was then analysed by Western blot and luciferase assay. We succeeded in expressing and purifying SJYB1 in a bacterial system and the purified rSJYB1 could be recognized by S japonicum‐infected rabbit sera. Western bolt analysis showed that rSJYB1 inhibited the expression of collagen type I, but had little effect on α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA). Further analysis revealed that rSJYB1 inhibited the activity of collagen α1 (I) (COL1A1) promoter and functioned at −1592/−1176 region of COL1A1 promoter. Our data demonstrate that rSJYB1‐mediated anti‐fibrotic activity involves inhibiting the activity of COL1A1 promoter and subsequently suppressing the expression of collagen type I in hepatic stellate cells.
Importance of out‐of‐pocket costs for adult patients with atopic dermatitis in France
Authors: Launois R. , Ezzedine K. , Cabout E. , Reguai Z. , Merrhand S. , Heas S. , Seneschal J. , Misery L. , Taieb C.
Published: March 2019

Background

Currently, few studies investigated the economic burden of atopic dermatitis (AD) in adult patients and specifically the estimation of out‐of‐pocket costs. Patients with skin disorders primarily use comfort care to ease dryness, itch or pain, and the costs of comfort care are not subject to any reimbursement from mandatory or complementary insurance.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to measure the medical and non‐medical expenses paid by the patient.

Methods

Eczema Cohort Longitudinal Adults was a non‐interventional study that aimed to assess the burden of AD in terms of quality of life and financial consequences. A self‐assessment questionnaire was distributed to adult patients who were cared in four French hospitals. Patients were asked to list the resources consumed for the treatment of AD during the last 12 months and to estimate the corresponding amount of money they had to pay out of their own pockets. The severity of AD was subjected to a stratification based on the PO‐SCORAD score.

Results

A total of 1024 patients answered the questionnaire: 31.9% with severe AD, 40.4% with moderate AD and 27.6% with mild AD. The mean annual out‐of‐pocket cost was €462.1 for severe AD and €247.4 for moderate AD. Emollients were the most commonly used product: 74.4% for an average out‐of‐pocket cost of €151.4. The out‐of‐pocket costs increased significantly with the severity: 27% of patients with severe AD declared having bought specially textured clothes, while 19% of patients with moderate AD reported the same. The corresponding mean out‐of‐pocket costs were €162 and €91, respectively.

Conclusion

The amount of out‐of‐pocket costs for patients with AD for essential medical and non‐medical expenses is relatively high, compared to the average out‐of‐pocket cost for French households. Integration of these essential resources into the list of reimbursed products and services appears necessary for a better coverage of AD.
Hemiodus bimaculatus, a new species of Hemiodontidae from the Rio Tapajós drainage, Brazil (Ostariophysi: Characiformes)
Authors: Nogueira Acácio F. , Langeani Francisco , Netto‐Ferreira André L.
Published: March 2019

Hemiodus bimaculatus sp. nov., is described from tributaries of the Rio Juruena and Rio Teles Pires in the upper Rio Tapajós basin. The new species is diagnosed from most congeners, except Hemiodus jatuarana, by having a conspicuous circular or horizontally elongate dark blotch on the caudal peduncle (v. inconspicuous in H. iratapuru and absent in the other species). The new species differs from H. jatuarana by having a round midlateral spot on the flank (v. absent in H. jatuarana), 98–121 perforated scales in the lateral line (v. 66–72 in H. jatuarana), 23–28 scale series above and 14–19 below lateral line (v. 12–13 above and 6–7 below in H. jatuarana). Hemiodus bimaculatus is hypothesised to be related to species of the H. microlepis group, from which it also differs by having 11–25 epibranchial (v. 26–34 in H. argenteus, 29–39 in H. microlepis, 21–42 in H. orthonops and 27–35 in H. parnaguae) and 18–31 ceratobranchial (v. 38–50 in H. argenteus, 43–58 in H. microlepis, 32–52 in H. orthonops and 34–48 in H. parnaguae) gill rakers in the first arch.
Effects of Multicomponent Exercise on Frailty in Long‐Term Nursing Homes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Arrieta Haritz , Rezola‐Pardo Chloe , Gil Susana M. , Virgala Janire , Iturburu Miren , Antón Iván , González‐Templado Vanesa , Irazusta Jon , Rodriguez‐Larrad Ana
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVES

To determine the effect of multicomponent exercise on frailty and related adverse outcomes in residents of long‐term nursing homes (LTNHs).

DESIGN

A single‐blind randomized controlled trial.

SETTING

Ten LTNHs in Gipuzkoa, Spain.

PARTICIPANTS

The study sample comprised 112 men and women aged 70 years or older who scored 50 or higher on the Barthel Index, 20 or higher on the MEC‐35 test (an adapted and validated version of the Mini‐Mental State Examination in Spanish), and who were capable of standing up and walking independently for at least 10 m.

INTERVENTION

Subjects in the control group (CG) participated in routine activities. The intervention group (IG) participated in a 6‐month program of individualized and progressive multicomponent exercise at moderate intensity.

MEASUREMENTS

Frailty was assessed by four different scales at baseline and at 6 months. The Barthel Index was measured at baseline and at 12 months. Frailty‐related adverse outcomes were recorded from 12 months before to 12 months after starting the intervention.

RESULTS

A lower prevalence of frailty was observed in the IG compared with the CG according to Fried's frailty phenotype, Short Physical Performance Battery, and Tilburg Frailty Indicator after 6 months (p < .05). There was a decline in the CG on the Barthel Index after 12 months (p < .05), whereas score was maintained in the IG. Both groups experienced a similar number of falls before and after the intervention (p > .05), but during the 6‐month intervention period, fewer falls were observed in the IG than the CG (p < .05). Lower overall mortality was observed 12 months after starting the intervention for the IG than the CG (1 vs 6, respectively; p = .05).

CONCLUSION

Individualized and progressive multicomponent exercise at moderate intensity seems to be effective to prevent falls and reduce frailty and mortality.
Comment on: Serum Cholesterol and Incident Alzheimer Disease: Findings From the Adult Changes in Thought Study
Authors: Naharci Mehmet Ilkin , Tasci Ilker
Published: March 2019

See the Reply by Zachary A. Marcum et al.
Maternal social environment affects offspring cognition through behavioural and immune pathways in rats
Authors: Pittet Florent , Van Caenegem Nicolas , Hicks‐Nelson Alexandria R. , Santos Hudson P. , Bradburn Steven , Murgatroyd Christopher , Nephew Benjamin C.
Published: March 2019

The social environment of lactation is a key etiological factor for the occurrence of postpartum disorders affecting women and their children. Postpartum depression and anxiety disorders are highly prevalent in new mothers and negatively affect offspring’s cognitive development through mechanisms which are still unclear. Here, using a rat model, we manipulated the maternal social environment during lactation and explored the pathways through which social isolation (vs. the opportunity for limited social interaction with another lactating female, from 1 day before parturition to postpartum day 16) and chronic social conflict (daily exposure to a male intruder from postpartum day 2 to day 16) affect offspring learning and memory, measured at 40 to 60 days of age. We specifically explored the consequences of these social treatments on two main hypothesized mediators likely to affect offspring neurophysiological development: the quality of maternal care and maternal inflammation factors (brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor) likely to influence offspring development through lactation. Maternal rats which had the opportunity to interact with another lactating female spent more time with their pups which, in turn, displayed improved working and reference memory. Social stress affected maternal plasma levels of cytokines that were associated with cognitive deficits in their offspring. However, females subjected to social stress were protected from these stress‐induced immune changes and associated offspring cognitive impairment by increased social affiliation. These results underscore the effects of social interaction for new mothers and their offspring and can be used to inform the development of clinical preventative measures and interventions.
U.S. STATE AND LOCAL FISCAL POLICY AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITY: DO WE KNOW MORE NOW?
Authors: Rickman Dan , Wang Hongbo
Published: March 2019

Early reviews of the academic literature on the economic effects of state and local taxes and expenditures suggested that not enough was known upon which to base policy. The reviews called for better data and improvements in empirical methodology. This paper reviews studies conducted since the early literature reviews to assess our current state of knowledge. The conclusion of the study is that we know more now. But our knowledge is unlikely to ever be sufficient to provide universal policy guidance. Rather, we suggest that more research is needed on specific state and local policies for specific circumstances, consistent with the general principles that guide place‐based policy.
Does Stress Mediate the Association Between Emotional Intelligence and Life Satisfaction During Adolescence?
Authors: Schoeps Konstanze , Montoya‐Castilla Inmaculada , Raufelder Diana
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND

Based on Mayer and Salovey's model of emotional intelligence, this study examined whether perceived stress mediates the interplay of emotional intelligence and life satisfaction for girls and boys during early and middle adolescence.

METHODS

Using multigroup structural equation modeling with questionnaire data from a sample of Spanish adolescent students (N = 800; MAgeT1 = 14.02, MAgeT2 = 15.00, SD = 1.21) in 2 waves (T1 = March 2015; T2 = December 2015).

RESULTS

Results of multigroup structural equation modeling indicated no group differences between boys and girls in early adolescence (7th and 8th grade) and middle adolescence (9th and 10th grade), as stress function as mediator between emotional intelligence and life satisfaction for all groups. However, latent mean comparison indicated that girls not only perceive and understand emotions better than boys, but they also perceive higher amounts of stress at an older age.

CONCLUSION

Results indicate the potential risk of perceived stress that might drop the protective effect of emotional intelligence on life satisfaction. These findings have implications for future research and educational practice considering combined prevention programs for adolescent's health and well‐being.
Clinical significance of fatal laryngeal stridor in fatal familial insomnia
Authors: Fukuoka Takuya , Kawasaki Hitoshi , Nakazato Yoshihiko , Takahashi Kazushi , Ikeda Kei , Furuya Tomotsugu , Miyake Akifumi , Mitsufuji Takashi , Ito Yasuo , Araki Nobuo , Yamamoto Toshimasa
Published: March 2019

Background

Fatal familial insomnia (FFI) is characterized by numerous signs and symptoms, including progressive insomnia; dysautonomia and endocrine disturbances; and motor disturbances such as myoclonus, ataxia, parkinsonism, spasticity, dysarthria, and dysphagia. Mental health and behavioral changes include impaired concentration and memory, as well as confusion and hallucinations. FFI patients frequently die due to secondary infections and sudden insomnia‐induced death. To date, laryngeal stridor has not been fully investigated in FFI patients.

Aim

This study aims to clarify the mechanism of laryngeal stridor in patients with FFI.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the clinical records of two FFI patients.

Results

Two men (age: 58 and 61 years) were diagnosed with FFI. They showed laryngeal stridor, swallowing dysfunction, and respiratory failure. They required mechanical ventilation, followed by a tracheostomy.

Conclusion

Laryngeal stridor in FFI was not previously investigated in detail. If laryngeal stridor occurs in awake FFI patients, emergency tracheostomy should be performed.
Juvenile/adult‐onset galactosialidosis with remarkable clinical variabilities in two Japanese siblings
Authors: Tsukagoshi Setsuki , Sugawara Takashi , Fujisawa Yousuke , Takayama Mayuko , Furuta Natsumi , Nagashima Kazuaki , Ikeda Yoshio
Published: March 2019

Galactosialidosis is caused by mutations in the cathepsin A (CTSA) gene. We clinically and genetically examined two Japanese siblings with juvenile/adult‐onset galactosialidosis. Case 1‐1: A 39‐year‐old man was diagnosed as having mental retardation and epilepsy at 6 years. His visual acuity was impaired when he was 31 years, ophthalmological examination found cherry‐red spots in both eyes. Neurological examination revealed cerebellar ataxia, limb weakness, and myoclonus. Cerebral MRI showed diffuse cerebro‐cerebellar atrophy. Case 1‐2: A 36‐year‐old man at examination complained of impaired visual acuity when he was 29 years, cherry‐red spots were found in both eyes. Neurological examination revealed only occasional myoclonus. Genetic analysis confirmed a homozygous mutation (IVS7DS, A‐G, +3) in the CTSA gene in both cases. This mutation is known to cause juvenile/adult‐onset galactosialidosis only found in Japanese. Remarkable clinical differences among sibling cases were rare and prompted to reassess our understanding of the pathogenesis of galactosialidosis.
Diacylglycerol kinase and associated lipid mediators modulate rice root architecture
Authors: Yuan Shu , Kim Sang‐Chul , Deng Xianjun , Hong Yueyun , Wang Xuemin
Published: March 2019

Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) phosphorylates diacylglycerol (DAG) to generate phosphatidic acid (PA), and bothDAGandPAare lipid mediators in the cell. Here we show thatDGK1 in rice (Oryza sativa) plays important roles in root growth and development.

Two independentOsDGK1‐knockout (dgk1) lines exhibited a higher density of lateral roots (LRs) and thinner seminal roots (SRs), whereasOsDGK1‐overexpressing plants displayed a lowerLRdensity and thickerSRsthan wild‐type (WT) plants.

Overexpression ofOsDGK1led to a decline in theDGKsubstrateDAGwhereas specificPAspecies decreased indgk1roots. Supplementation ofDAGtoOsDGK1‐overexpressing seedlings restored theLRdensity andSRthickness whereas application ofPAtodgk1seedlings restored theLRdensity andSRthickness to those of theWT. In addition, treatment of rice seedlings with theDGKinhibitor R59022 increased the level ofDAGand decreasedPA, which also restored the root phenotype ofOsDGK1‐overexpressing seedlings close to that of theWT.

Together, these results indicate thatDGK1 and associated lipid mediators modulate rice root architecture;DAGpromotesLRformation and suppressesSRgrowth whereasPAsuppressesLRnumber and promotesSRthickness.
Voicing job satisfaction and dissatisfaction through Twitter: employees’ use of cyberspace
Authors: Conway Edel , Rosati Pierangelo , Monks Kathy , Lynn Theo
Published: March 2019

This article adopts a work orientations perspective to consider how, through the medium of Twitter, employees voice the things they love and hate about their jobs. Using 817,235 tweets posted by 650,958 users in the calendar year 2014, the findings provide new insights into both employee voice and job satisfaction/dissatisfaction as well as an enhanced understanding of the employment relationship. First, the findings indicate that Twitter, in its expression of very personal and individualistic needs, might be considered a new form of employee voice. Second, Twitter captures the positive, the negative and the ambivalence in the notion of job satisfaction. Third, the description of the methodology used to access and analyse Twitter data illustrates how new methodological approaches, particularly those embedded within computer science, may be of value to social scientists in their analysis of ‘Big Data’.