bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Effective Method for InSAR Mapping of Tropical Forest Degradation in Hilly Areas
Authors: Carstairs Harry , Mitchard Edward T. A. , McNicol Iain , Aquino Chiara , Burt Andrew , Ebanega Medard Obiang , Dikongo Anaick Modinga , Bueso-Bello Jose-Luis , Disney Mathias
Published: November 2021

Current satellite remote sensing methods struggle to detect and map forest degradation, a critical issue as it is likely a major and growing source of carbon emissions and biodiveristy loss. TanDEM-X InSAR phase height (hϕ) is a promising variable for measuring forest disturbances, as it is closely related to mean canopy height, and thus should decrease if canopy trees are removed. However, previous research has focused on relatively flat terrain, despite the fact that much of the worlds’ remaining tropical forests are found in hilly areas, and this inevitably introduces artifacts in sideways imaging systems. In this paper, we find a relationship between hϕ and aboveground biomass change in four selectively logged plots in a hilly region of central Gabon. We show that minimising the level of multilooking in the interferometric processing chain strengthens this relationship, and that degradation estimates across steep slopes in the surrounding region are improved by selecting data from the most appropriate pass directions on a pixel-by-pixel basis. This shows that TanDEM-X InSAR can measure the magnitude of degradation, and that topographic effects can be mitigated if data from multiple SAR viewing geometries are available.
Alcohol and pH Detectors Based Internet of Thing for Hand Sanitizer
Authors: Adriyanto, Ph.D Feri , Illahi Geovani Rahmad , Yusuf Hayyan , Munika Diah Anggi , Anggraini Yuki Martha , Ah Fahrudin Hibatul Wafi
Published: November 2021

Alcohol and pH levels in hand sanitizer are two things that need to be considered. The amount of alcohol content affects the level of effectiveness in killing germs, while the pH level is a factor that indicates whether the liquid is safe for human skin or not. HANDSIOT is a device to measure alcohol levels and pH in hand sanitizers. HANDSIOT is operated by testing the hand sanitizer liquid in the liquid container at the bottom. This device is made to be able to take measurements effectively and can monitor the measurement results in real-time using a smartphone. Gas chromatography and electrolysis methods were implemented using the MQ-3 gas sensor and the SEN0161 pH sensor. The gas chromatography method is used as a method of measuring alcohol content based on the evaporation of the alcohol. While the electrolysis method is used to measure the pH degree by measuring the amount of current flowing using two electrodes. In testing the accuracy of this tool by comparing the readings on the tool with an alcohol meter and also a pH sensor that is already available on the market
Perioperative Management of Hepatitis C in Patients Undergoing Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Ross Phillip E. , Young Joseph R. , O’Connor Casey M. , Anoushiravani Afshin A. , DiCaprio Matthew R.
Published: November 2021

» A small yet growing subset of total joint arthroplasty (TJA) candidates are diagnosed with the hepatitis C virus (HCV), which is a known risk factor for periprosthetic joint infections. Given the poor outcomes associated with TJA infection, we recommend that candidates with HCV receive treatment prior to elective TJA.

» Interferon and ribavirin have historically been the standard treatment regimen for the management of HCV; however, adverse events and an inconsistent viral response have limited the efficacy of these therapies. The advent of direct-acting antivirals has resolved many of the issues associated with interferon and ribavirin regimens.

» Despite the success of direct-acting antivirals, there are still barriers to seeking treatment for TJA candidates with HCV. Many patients are faced with financial burdens, as insurance coverage of direct-acting antiviral therapies is inconsistent and varies by the patient’s state of residence and specific treatment regimen.

» TJA candidates with HCV present health-care providers with a unique set of challenges, often encompassing economic, psychosocial, and complex medical concerns. Multidisciplinary care teams can be beneficial when caring for and optimizing this patient cohort.

» Management of HCV prior to elective TJA is associated with higher up-front costs but ultimately reduces long-term patient morbidity as well as associated direct and indirect health-care expenditures.
Immunologic Contributions Following Rotator Cuff Injury and Development of Cuff Tear Arthropathy
Authors: Nelson Grant B. , McMellen Christopher J. , Kolaczko Jensen G. , Millett Peter J. , Gillespie Robert J. , Su Charles A.
Published: November 2021

» Rotator cuff tear arthropathy (RCTA) describes a pattern of glenohumeral degenerative changes following chronic rotator cuff tears that is characterized by superior humeral head migration, erosion of the greater tuberosity of the humeral head, contouring of the coracoacromial arch to create a socket for the humeral head, and eventual glenohumeral arthritis.

» Acute and chronic inflammatory changes following rotator cuff tears are thought to contribute to cartilage damage, muscle fibrosis, and fatty infiltration in the glenohumeral joint.

» In vitro animal studies targeting various inflammatory modulators, including macrophages, insulin-like growth factor-I, and transforming growth factor-beta pathways, provide promising therapeutic targets to improve healing after rotator cuff tears.

» The role of platelet-rich plasma in the treatment and prevention of RCTA has been investigated, with conflicting results.
Subgroup-Level Network Meta-Analysis for the Efficacy of First-Line Immunotherapy-Based Treatments in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Tian Wentao , Cao Chenghui , Ke Jiawen , Tan Nuopei , Cai Yuwen , Zeng Yue , Pan Yue , Liu Xiaohan , Zhao Lishu , Shu Long , Liu Junqi , Wu Fang
Published: November 2021

Background
Immunotherapy has unequal efficacies in different populations. This study aims to explore inter-subgroup differences in responses to immunotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and find the optimal treatments for each subgroup.
Methods
We performed (network) meta-analyses of phase III random controlled trials, in which efficacies of 10 immunotherapy-based treatments were compared with each other and chemotherapy, including anti-programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) (+chemotherapy), anti-programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) (+chemotherapy), anti-PD-L1+anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4 (CTLA-4), anti-PD-1+anti-CTLA-4 (+chemotherapy), anti-CTLA-4+chemotherapy, anti-PD-1+anti-angiogenic therapy (AT)+chemotherapy, and anti-PD-L1+AT+chemotherapy, for 19 subgroups by sex, age, smoking status, metastatic site, histological type, and PD-L1 expression, using subgroup-level hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results
22 studies comprised of 12678 patients were included in our analyses. The results showed survival advantages of immunotherapy-based treatments in 16 out of 19 subgroups comparing with chemotherapy. In patients with PD-L1 tumor proportion score (TPS)<1%, anti-CTLA-4+anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-1+anti-CTLA-4+chemotherapy had OS benefits comparing with anti-PD-L1 monotherapy (HR 0.6, 95% CI 0.44-0.81; HR 0.6, 95% CI 0.41-0.87; respectively) and anti-PD-L1+AT+chemotherapy (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.48-0.92; HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.45-0.98; respectively). In patients with liver metastases, anti-PD-L1+AT+chemotherapy showed PFS advantage comparing with anti-PD-L1+chemotherapy (HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.33-0.77). As for other populations, anti-PD-1+chemotherapy showed promising efficacies in multiple subgroups.
Conclusions
Patients with advanced NSCLC generally benefit from immunotherapy. Specific immunotherapy treatments should be applied according to different clinical or histological features. Meanwhile, we expect more studies to investigate treatments for populations with impaired responses towards immunotherapy.
Genetic Alterations of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Korean Patients
Authors: Park Sunggyun , Won Dongju , Kim Dae Joon , Park Seong Yong , Lee Seung-Tae
Published: November 2021

Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the deadliest cancers in Korea, although its incidence is lower in Korea than in China and Japan. There are no data on genetic alterations associated with ESCC in Korea. Our study is the first report of the mutational landscape of ESCC in a Korean cohort.Methods: We performed whole exome sequencing analysis of 43 ESCC tumor samples and germline DNA from normal esophageal mucosa or whole blood. Using electronic medical records, the patients’ clinical characteristics were reviewed carefully.Results: We found a mutually exclusive mutation pattern in NFE2L2–ZNF750 gene pairs. Non-silent variants of KMT2D (MLL2) were associated with a poor prognosis. An analysis to identify potentially druggable genes revealed NOTCH1 as a potential therapeutic target. We observed a high frequency of C:G → T:A transitions regardless of smoking history. In our cohort, deconstruction of the mutation signature revealed enrichment of COSMIC single base substitution (SBS) 13, SBS 39, SBS 2, SBS 40, and SBS 1.Conclusion: We did not find a Korean-specific signature of genetic alterations, but our data suggest that KMT2D is a molecular prognostic marker. Further studies need to examine the role of KMT2D in ESCC prognosis due to our small sample size.
Use of a PLA Sleeve To Remove Electron Enhancement in Superficial X-Ray Therapy
Authors: Barbagallo Cathryn
Published: November 2021

A newly installed superficial x-ray unit was found to produce enhanced electron dose at the skin surface. ACPSEM guidelines suggest using nail varnish within the treatment cones as a method to reduce this dose. In this study, a 3D PLA sleeve was produced and used as an alternative to the nail varnish. Further, plastic wrap was also investigated for its anecdotal recommendations to reduce dose. It was found that a 1 mm printed sleeve, inserted into the treatment cone sufficiently reduced the enhanced dose to within approximately 3% of the dose measured with a Farmer-type chamber. The use of plastic wrap also reduced the enhanced dose, but impracticalities in its use make it non-viable for routine clinical use.
Experimental Study On Hysteretic Behavior of Concrete Filled Square CFRP Steel Tubular Beam-Column
Authors: Qing-li Wang , Peng Kuan , Yi-Huan Guo , Yong-bo Shao
Published: November 2021

In order to study the hysteretic behavior of concrete filled square CFRP steel tubular Beam-Column under different influence factors, 12 specimens were designed, and the failure mode, middle section lateral force-deflection(P-Δ) curve, middle section bending moment-curvature(M-φ) curve and middle section deflection-deformation(Δ−Δ') curve were studied. Axial compression ratio and longitudinal CFRP reinforcement coefficient as influencing factors, the effects of axial compression ratio and longitudinal CFRP reinforcement coefficient on P-Δ skeleton curve, M-φ skeleton curve, strength and stiffness degradation, ductility, cumulative energy consumption and other indexes were studied; the P-Δ curve and deformation mode of the specimens were simulated by ABAQUS, and the effects of axial compression ratio, slenderness ratio and other main parameters on the hysteretic performance of the members were studied. The test results show that CFRP has good lateral restraint and longitudinal reinforcement effect on CFST, and the local buckling of CFST is delayed. The P-Δ curve and M-φ curve of all specimens are full. In addition, the steel tube and CFRP have good synergy in both longitudinal and transverse directions. The change of axial compression ratio and longitudinal CFRP reinforcement coefficient has no significant effect on the strength degradation. The increase of axial compression ratio and longitudinal CFRP reinforcement coefficient can improve the flexural capacity and stiffness of the specimens, and slow down the stiffness degradation, but reduce the ductility and cumulative energy consumption of the specimens. The finite element software ABAQUS is used to simulate the P-Δ curve and deformation mode of specimens. It is found that the simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. Based on the model analysis of the main parameters, it is found that the increase of steel yield strength and CFRP layers can improve the bearing capacity of the specimens, and the axial compression ratio has the most significant effect on the specimens.
Transcriptional and Metabolic Responses of Maize Shoots to Long-Term Potassium Deficiency
Authors: Xiong Wangdan , Wang Yujian , Guo Yongzhen , Fu Dandan , Tang Wei , Zhao Yiran , Yang Guofeng , Chen Jingtang , Song Xiyun , Sun Juan
Published: November 2021

AimsPotassium is important for plant growth and crop yield. However, the effects of potassium (K+) deficiency on silage maize biomass yield and how maize shoot feedback mechanisms of K+ deficiency regulating whole plant growth remains largely unknown. Here, the study aims to explore the maize growth and transcriptional and metabolic responses of shoots to long-term potassium deficiency.MethodsThe growth of silage maize and its biomass were analyzed with K+ treatment in field and hydroponic experiments. Furthermore, transcriptional and metabolic profiles of shoots were investigated for their effects on maize development under K+ deficiency condition. ResultsUnder K+ insufficiency condition, the biomass yield of silage maize decreased by 14%-17% in two-year field trials. The transcriptome data showed that there were 390 differently expressed genes overlapping and similarly regulated in the two varieties and they were considered as the fundamental responses to K+ deficiency in maize shoots, with many stress-induced genes involved in transport, primary and secondary metabolism, regulation, and other processes involved in K+ acquisition and homeostasis. Metabolic profiles indicated that most amino acids, phenolic acids, organic acids, and alkaloids were accumulated in shoots under K+ deficiency condition and part of the sugars and sugar alcohols also increased. ConclusionOur results suggested putrescine and putrescine derivatives were specifically accumulated under K+ deficiency condition, which may play a role in feedback regulation of shoot growth. These results confirmed the importance of K+ on silage maize production and provided a deeper insight into the responses to K+ deficiency in maize shoots.
Dietary Patterns and Severity of Symptom with the Risk of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and its Histological Precursor Lesions in China: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Zang Zhaoping , Liu Yong , Wang Jialin , Liu Yuqin , Zhang Shaokai , Zhang Yongzhen , Zhang Liwei , Zhao Deli , Liu Fugang , Chao Lina , Wang Xinzheng , Zhang Chunli , Song Guohui , Zhang Zhiyi , Li Youpeng , Yan Zheng , Wen Yongxiu , Ge Yinyin , Niu Chen , Feng Wei , Nakyeyune Rena , Shen Yi , Shao Yi , Guo Xiuhua , Yang Aiming , Liu Fen , Wang Guiqi
Published: November 2021

Background: Dietary patterns and symptoms research among Chinese with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its precursor lesions is limited, especially as it relates to multiple food consumption and multiple co-occurring symptoms. The aim of our study was to identify the dietary patterns and severity of symptom classes with the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its histological precursor lesions, and develop a risk prediction model for different stages of esophageal disease.Methods: We analyzed data from a multicenter cross-sectional study carried out in ESCC high incidence areas between 2017 and 2018, which included 34,707 individuals aged 40-69 years. Dietary patterns and severity of symptom classes were derived by applying a latent class analysis (LCA). A multiple logistic regression model was used to derive the odds ratio (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for ESCC and the different stages of esophageal disease according to the dietary patterns and severity of symptom classes identified. We built the risk prediction model by using a nomogram.Results: We identified five dietary patterns and three severity of symptom classes. The dietary patterns were classified as follows: “Healthy”, “Western”, “Lower consumers-combination”, “Medium consumers-combination” and “Higher consumers-combination” patterns based on the intake of foods such as red meat, vegetables and fruits. The severity of symptoms was categorized into “Asymptomatic”, “Mild symptoms” and “Overt symptoms” classes based on health-related symptoms reported by the participants. Compared to the “Healthy” pattern, the other four patterns were all associated with an increased risk of esophageal disease. Similarly, the other two symptom classes present different degrees of increased risk of esophageal disease compared to the “Asymptomatic”. The nomograms reflect the good predictive ability of the model.Conclusion: Among individuals aged 40-69 years in high incidence regions of upper gastrointestinal cancer, the results supplied important epidemiological evidence and given further insights into dietary patterns and symptoms research.
Overexpression of the ZmSAMDC Enhances Cold Tolerance in Transgenic Maize (Zea Mays L.)
Authors: Jiao Peng , Jin Shiyou , Chen Nannan , Wang Chunlai , Liu Siyan , Qu Jing , guan shuyan , Ma Yiyong
Published: November 2021

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a food crop sensitive to low temperatures. Low temperature, as one of the abiotic stress hazards, seriously affects the yield of corn. However, the genetic basis of low-temperature adaptation in maize is still poorly understood. In this study, maize S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) was localized on the nucleus. We introduced the SAMDC gene into the excellent maize inbred line variety GSH9901 and used Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to produce cold-tolerant transgenic maize lines. After a 3-year single-location field trial, the contents of polyamine (PA), proline, malondialdehyde, an antioxidant enzyme, and APX in the leaves of transgenic maize plants overexpressing SAMDC were significantly increased, and the introduction of the SAMDC gene was significantly increased the expression of CBFs and cold-related genes.The agronomic traits of overexpression maize changed and the yield traits were significantly improved, but no significant changes were found in plant height, ear length, and shaft thickness.Thus, engineering the SAMDC enzyme is an effective strategy to improve the cold tolerance and value of maize.
Prognostic Value and Optimal Candidates of Primary Tumor Surgery in Metastatic Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: First Evidence from a Population-Based Study
Authors: Zhang Di
Published: November 2021

Objective: The prognostic value of primary tumor surgery (PTS) for patients with metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck (HNACC) at initial diagnosis has never been studied. The aims of this study were to determine the prognostic significance and identify optimal candidates of PTS.Materials and Methods: Patients with metastatic HNACC (stage IVC) at initial diagnosis were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database between 2004 and 2015. Correlated variables, including age, sex, race, tumor stage, metastatic site, treatment, and survival information were extracted. Kaplan-Meier analysis, log-rank test, and multivariate Cox regression model were performed to evaluate the impact of PTS on survival outcomes, including overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS).Results: Overall, 155 patients were identified from database. Of those, 93 (60%) patients underwent palliative PTS. Patients with lung metastasis alone were more likely undergo PTS (c2=15.042, P=0.002). The univariate analysis showed that PTS were associated with significantly improved survival than no-PTS (P=0.001 for CSS; P＜0.001 for OS). The median CSS for patients who received PTS and those who did not receive PTS were 64.0 and 22.0 months, respectively. The median OS for patients who received PTS and those without PTS were 43.0 and 16.0 months, respectively. Notably, in multivariate model, the OS of patients who underwent PTS was better than that of patients who did not (HR=0.586, P=0.017), but there was no significantly improvement in CSS. In addition, subgroup analyses further revealed that patients with T3-4 or N0 stage might benefit from PTS.Conclusion: PTS signifi­cantly improved OS in patients with metastatic HNACC. Besides, PTS had a favorable prognostic impact on highly-selected patients, namely T3-4 and N0 stage, which could be adopted in future clinical practice. Further multicenter prospective studies are still needed to verify these outcomes.
Fetuin-A Alleviates Neuroinflammation Against Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Microglial Necroptosis By Regulating Nrf-2/HO-1 Pathway
Authors: Zhao Pengzhan , Bao Zhongyuan , Sun Guangchi , Chao Honglu , Tu Yiming , Chen Binglin , Li Chong , Ji Jing
Published: November 2021

Background: The microglia-mediated inflammatory response is a vital mechanism of secondary damage following traumatic brain injury (TBI), but its underlying mechanism of microglial activation is unclear. Methods: Controlled cortical impact (CCI) was induced in adult male C57BL/6J mice, and we also used glutamate to construct a classical in vitro injury model in BV2 cell line. The activation of microglia was determined by western blot assessments and immunostaining. The inflammatory factors were determined by ELLSA. The oxidative stress marker and mitochondrial ROS were determined by immunoblotting and MitoSox Red staining. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to observe a typical morphology of necroptotic cells. Results: Our quantitative proteomics identified 2499 proteins, 157 were significantly differentially expressed between brain tissues at 6 hours after CCI (CCI6h) and sham groups, and 109 were significantly differentially expressed between CCI24h and sham brain tissues. Moreover, compared with sham groups, the terms “acute-phase response”, “inflammation”, and “protein binding” were significantly enriched in CCI groups. Interestingly, fetuin-A, a liver-secreted acute-phase glycoprotein, was involved in these biological processes. Using experimental TBI models, we found that the fetuin-A level peaked at 6 h and then decreased gradually. Importantly, we showed that fetuin-A reduced the cortical lesion volume and edema area and inhibited the inflammatory response, which was associated with suppressing microglial necroptosis, thus decreasing microglial polarization to the M1 phenotype. Furthermore, administration of fetuin-A attenuated mitochondrial oxidative stress in glutamate-treated BV2 cells, which is a critical mechanism of necroptosis suppression. In addition, we demonstrated that fetuin-A treatment promoted translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in vivo; however, the Nrf-2 inhibitor ML385 and si-heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) disrupted the regulation of oxidative stress by fetuin-A and induced increased ROS levels and necroptosis in glutamate-treated BV2 cells. Interestingly, the mechanism of fetuin-A in BV2 cells also protects neurons from adverse factors in co-culture assays.Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that fetuin-A activates Nrf-2/HO-1, suppresses oxidative stress and necroptosis levels, and thereby attenuates the abnormal inflammatory response following TBI, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for TBI treatment.
Development and Validation of a Novel Immune-Related Prognostic Model and the Potential Mechanism in Metastatic Synovial Sarcoma
Authors: Huang Yufeng , Gong Ming , Tang Qinglian , Chen Hongmin , Hu Jinxin , Deng Chuangzhong , Lin Jiaming , Huang Anfei , Xu Yanyang , Feng Huixiong , Song Guohui , Xu Huaiyuan , Lu Jinchang , Zhu Xiaojun , Wang Jin
Published: November 2021

Background: Several clinical trials have shown that immunotherapy plays a pivotal role in the treatment of patients with metastatic synovial sarcoma. Immune-related genes (IRGs) have been demonstrated to play an important role in tumorigenesis and tumour microenvironment formation. However, the clinical significance of IRGs in patients with synovial sarcoma(SS) is still unclear, and systematic analysis is lacking.Methods: We downloaded the GSE40021 dataset from the GEO database, which included 30 cases of nonmetastatic and 28 cases of metastatic SS. Firstly,We combined the immune-related ImmPort gene set to search for SS related to metastatic and differentially expressed immune-related genes (DEIRGs). We then performed univariate Cox regression analysis from soft tissue sarcoma database in TCGA to identify DEIRGs that related to overall survival, and constructed an immune-related prognostic assessment model. We used the assessment model to evaluate the infiltration of immune cells in the tumour microenvironment through the ssGSEA algorithm. Finally, we collected tumour tissues in our centre to verify the RNA expression levels by real-time quantitative reverse transcription(RT-qPCR) analysis. Results: The study screened a total of six DEIRGs which were closely related to prognosisin in metastatic SS. We then constructed an immune-related prognostic assessment model which was an independent prognostic factor different from other clinical features. Further analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the expression of several immune checkpoints between the two groups in the GSE40021 data. Moreover, the GREM2 and CTSS genes were significantly expressed in metastatic patients. Further verification of clinical SS tissues from our centre by RT-qPCR analysis demonstrated reduced infiltration of activated NK cells and macrophages but increased M2-type macrophages in metastatic patients.Conclusion: The study successfully constructed an immune-related prognostic assessment model and probably explain the poor efficacy PD-1 inhibitors for SS patients. Together,the research deepens our understanding of the tumor immune microenvironment and proposed a new immune mechanism of metastatic SS.Advance intervention and reversal of microenvironmental changes are expected to delay metastasis and improve survival.
Utility of 99mTc-sestamibi Heart/Liver uptake ratio in Screening Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease during Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
Authors: Norouzi Ghazal , Nikdel Sara , Pirayesh Elahe , Salimi Yazdan , Amoui Mahasti , Haghighatkhah Hamidreza , Rad Mohammad Ali Ghodsi , Javanijouni Elmira , khoshbakht Sepideh
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic hepatic disease worldwide with functional impairment of the mitochondria occurring from early stages. Technetium-99m methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) is a lipophilic agent trapped in the mitochondria. This study aims to evaluate the utility of 99mTc-MIBI heart/liver uptake ratio in screening for NAFLD during myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI).
Methods

70eligible patients underwent a two-day rest/stress 99mTc-MIBI scan with a 2-minute planar image acquired in rest phase, at 30, 60 and 120 minutes post radiotracer administration. Heart/liver uptake ratio was calculated by placing identical regions of interest on the heart and liver dome. All patients underwent liver ultrasound and were allocated into groups A, having NAFLD, and B, healthy individuals without NAFLD.
Results

Mean count per pixel heart/liver ratios gradually increased over time in either groups; nonetheless the values were significantly higher in group A, regardless of acquisition timing; with the P-value equal to 0.007, 0.014 and 0.010 at 30, 60 and 120 minutes, respectively.
Conclusions

Determining 99mTc-MIBI heart/liver uptake ratio during rest phase in patients undergoing MPI may be a useful, non-invasive screening method for NAFLD; with no additional cost, radiation burden or adverse effects in these patients.
Pertuzumab As Second- or Later-Line Therapy For Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Swiss Clinical Experience
Authors: Biskup Ewelina , Sartorius Céline Montavon , Müller Andreas , Leo Cornelia , Nussbaum Catrina Uhlmann , Margarint Elena Laura Georgescu , Koychev Daniel , Schreiber Alexander , Taverna Christian , Thorn David , Vetter Marcus
Published: November 2021

Background: Trastuzumab and pertuzumab with taxane-based chemotherapy are considered the first-line standard therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer (mBC). Pertuzumab is also a later-line therapy for mBC in Switzerland, although limited safety and efficacy data are available. This study assesses the therapeutic regimens, toxicities, and clinical outcomes after second- or later-line pertuzumab therapy in patients with mBC who did not receive pertuzumab as a first-line therapy. Materials and Methods: Physicians from major Swiss oncology centers retrospectively completed a questionnaire for each pertuzumab-naive patient who was treated with pertuzumab as a second- or later-line therapy. Results: Of 35 patients with HER2-positive mBC (median age: 49 years; range: 35-87 years), 14 received pertuzumab as a second-line therapy, six as a third-line therapy, and 15 as a fourth- or later-line therapy. Twenty patients (57%) died during the study period. The median overall survival was 74.2 months (95% confidence interval: 47.6-139.8 months). Grade (G) 3/4 adverse events (AEs) were reported in 14% of patients, with only one patient discontinuing therapy due to pertuzumab-related toxicities. The most common AE was fatigue (overall: 46%; G3: 11%). Overall, congestive heart disease occurred in 14% of patients (G3: 6%), nausea in 14% (all G1), and myelosuppression in 12% (G3: 6%). Conclusion: The median overall survival of second- or later-line pertuzumab is similar to that reported for first-line pertuzumab, and the safety profile was acceptable. These data support using pertuzumab for second- or later-line therapy when it was not administered as first-line therapy.
Elevators and staircase handrails as potential sources of nosocomial pathogens at Ndola Teaching Hospital, Zambia
Authors: Mulongo Tony , Kamvuma Kingsley , Phiri Christopher N. , Mulemena John A. , Chanda Warren
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to assess microbial colonization of elevators and the staircase handrail at Ndola Teaching Hospital. Swabs from elevators and staircase handrail were cultured on Blood, MacConkey and Mannitol Salt agar for 24-48h at 35-37oC. All observed bacterial colonies were sub-cultured for identification. Data analysis was conducted with Microsoft excel 2010 and SPSS version 20 statistical software. A 2-tailed Pearson Correlation test was used to assess for significant differences in colonization prevalence between the two elevators and handrail. A total of 94 bacteria species were isolated, among which 75(78.8%) were isolated from elevators while 19(20.2%) were isolated from the staircase handrail. Most bacteria were isolated from exterior buttons followed by doors and interior of elevators whereas the basement, ground and sixth floor sections of the staircase handrail were largely contaminated with S. aureus, non-spore-forming Gram-positive bacilli, Klebsiella spp, coagulase-negative Staphylococci and Enterobacter spp. Overall, the commonest isolated bacteria were S. aureus (33%) followed by non-spore-forming Gram-positive bacilli (16%), coagulase-negative Staphylococci, and endospore-forming Gram-positive bacilli (13.8% apiece), Streptococci (7.4%), and Klebsiella species (6.4%). A strong relationship existed between the prevalence of bacteria colonizers of elevators and the staircase handrail (p<0.01). Therefore, the study showed that elevators and the staircase handrail possess viable microorganisms and may act as potential sources of nosocomial infections especially to immunocompromised patients in hospitals, and this calls for proper and effective infection control and prevention strategies to lessen microbial population from dry surfaces.
Effects of Process Parameters On Tool Vibration And Force Transmissibility In High-Speed Micro-Milling Machine
Authors: Singh Chitransh , Das Arnab , Bajpai Vivek , Chandravanshi Madan Lal
Published: November 2021

High-speed micro-milling is an emerging technology used to produce micro and miniaturized products with smooth surface finish and high dimensional precision. However, tool vibration is a major problem in micro-milling as it directly affects the product accuracy, surface quality and tool life. Inappropriate selection of process parameters increases radial and axial thrust as well as force transmitted to structure during micro-machining which results in rapid tool vibration. This work focuses on the experimental investigation of process parameters (cutting speed and depth of cut) in order to reduce tool vibration due to axial and radial thrust in high-speed micro-milling. The tool used in this experiment is a 2-flute end mill cutter (1 mm cutter diameter) and workpiece is a commercially pure titanium (CpTi) plate. The operation was performed at different depth of cut and varying cutting speeds keeping the chip load constant. Vibration signals were acquired and processed to obtain the vibration thrust of the tool and the force transmitted to the structure. The results indicated that as the depth of cut and cutting speed increases, both axial as well as radial thrust decreases leading to lower vibration amplitude of the cutting tool and reduction in force transmitted to the machine structure.
A Standardized Implementation of Multicenter Quality Improvement Program of Very Low Birth Weight Newborns Could Significantly Reduce Admission Hypothermia and Improve Outcomes Within a Certain Region in China
Authors: Bi Shu-yu , Yu Yong-hui , Li Cong , Xu Ping , Xu Hai-yan , Li Jia-hui , Liu Qiong-yu , Li Min , Liu Xin-jian , Wang Hui
Published: November 2021

Background: Admission hypothermia (AH, <36.5℃) remains a major challenge for global neonate survival, especially in China. Due to high incidence of reginal AH, we developed a prospective multicenter quality improvement (QI) initiative to reduce regional AH and evaluate the impact on outcome among VLBW neonates.Methods: The study used sequential Plan - Do - Study - Act (PDSA) approach. Clinical data were collected prospectively with 5 NICUs from Sino-Northern Neonatal Network (SNN) in China. Bundle come into practice since January 1, 2019. The clinical data in pre-QI phase (January 1, 2018– December 31, 2018) were compared with post-QI phase (January 1, 2019–December 31, 2020). Clinical characteristics and outcomes data were analysed.Results: A total of 750 in-born VLBW infants were enrolled in the study, 270 in pre-QI period and 480 in post- QI period, respectively. There had no significant differences in clinical characteristics in two phases. Compared with pre-QI period, the percentage of AH decreased in the QI period (95.9 %vs 71.3%, P < 0.01). Admission mod-severe hypothermia (AMSH) was improved significantly, reduced by 38.5% after QI (68.5 %vs 30%, P < 0.01). Average admission temperature improved after QI [36.0 ˚C（35.8˚C，36.5˚C）vs 35.5 ˚C（35.2 ˚C，36.0 ˚C）, P < 0.01 ]. No significant increase in AH rate and thermal burns (0.4%VS 0%). Risks of mortality and late-onset neonatal sepsis (LOS) were significantly lower in post-QI period as compared to pre-QI period (aRR 0.19, 95% CI 0.09–0.39; aRR 0.55, 95% CI 0.41–0.80) whether adjusting for birth weight (BW), gestational age (GA)，small for gestational age (SGA), Apgar score at 5 min < 7.Conclusion：Implementation of multicenter thermoregulatory QI help in significant reduction of AH and AMSH of VLBW neonates within a certain area, which in turn can help to improve reginal neonatal outcomes. We gained a lot from QI, learned and explored a suitable method to continuous QI, this may provide reference for similar developing countries.
Rotating shift workers with vitamin D deficiency have a higher risk of obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Júnior Luiz Antonio Alves Menezes , Fajardo Virgínia Capistrano , de Freitas Sílvia Nascimento , Pimenta Fausto Aloisio Pedrosa , Machado-Coelho George Luiz Lins , de Oliveira Fernando Luiz Pereira , Neto Raimundo Marques do Nascimento , Meireles Adriana Lúcia
Published: November 2021

Objectives

The aim of the study is evaluate the association of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in shift workers.
Methods

This cross-sectional study included rotating shift workers in an iron ore extraction company. Participants were classified as VDD when 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL for a healthy population and 25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL for groups at risk for VDD. Risk of developing OSA classified by Berlin Questionnaire (BQ) and NoSAS score. Data were compared using chi-square analysis with Cramer's V as effect size, and Bonferroni correction. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate whether VDD was associated with OSA risk assessment.
Results

Among 1461 workers, mostly male (97.4%), younger, aged 30 to 39 years (53.9%), worked shifts for more than 5 years (75.8%). A prevalence of high risk of OSA by BQ was 15.9%, and 32.5% by NoSAS score. Besides, 28.9% had VDD. In multivariate analysis, controlled for confounding factors, workers with VDD had a 79% increased chance of OSA by BQ (OR: 1.79; CI95%: 1.27-2.51) and an 85% increased chance of OSA by NoSAS score (OR: 1.85; CI95% 1.35-2.53). After subgroup analyses, similar results were not observed in workers aged 20-29 years.
Conclusion

Rotating shift workers with vitamin D deficiency are more likely to have obstructive sleep apnea, assesed by Berlin questionnaire and NoSAS score.
HEALTH FACILITY AND HUMANRESOURCE FACTORS SUPPORTING UPTAKE OF CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING IN KAKAMEGA COUNTY, KENYA
Authors:   Department of Health Promotion and Sports Science, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology., Okonya Sakwa Gregory , Bukhala Peter ,   Department of Health Promotion and Sports Science, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology., Kwena Zachary ,   Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu., Kipmerewo Mary ,   Department of Reproductive Health, Child Health and Midwifery, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology.
Published: November 2021

Main objective was to describehealth facility and human resource related factors supporting uptake of cervical cancer screening in Kakamega County.Design; descriptive cross-sectional study adopting quantitative methods. Setting; Kakamega County within 16 community units in 8 sub counties.Sampling;multistage sampling was used to sample 48 community health volunteers and 16 health facilities.Interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data from Community Health Volunteers and the heads of link health facilities.Validity and reliability of questionnaire was ensured through expert review.Analysiswasby use of descriptive statistics. Results;Majority of participants were female (91.7%) aged between 30-50 years (75%), with primary level of education(47%) and had worked for more than five years as Community Health Volunteers (60%). More than 95% ofCommunity Health Volunteers visited clientsâ€™ homeson monthly schedule(77%).Regarding cervical cancer screening,60% of Community Health Volunteers agreed that they were involved in referring women for cervical cancer screening.Almost all(92%)of Community Health Volunteers had not been trained on aspects of cervical cancer screening. Further, 94% of Community Health Volunteers confirmed that cervical cancer screening was part of the health education package they discuss with women. Approximately 81% of health facilities were health centers and offeredcervical cancer screening services weekly (75%).Conclusion;Health facilities offer cervical cancer screening adequately. Community Health Volunteers have established network to reach women but lack capacity to sensitize women on cervical cancer screening. Recommendation: Community Health Volunteersshould be empowered to mobilize women for cervical cancer screening.
INFLUENCE OF WARM ROLLING AND RECRYSTALLIZATION ANNEALING ON MECHANICAL AND METALLOGRAPHIC PROPERTIES OF THE SUPERALLOY N07080
Authors:   Assistant Professor, University of Zenica - Institute Kemal Kapetanovic in Zenica., Beganovic Omer , Fakic Belma ,   Assistant Professor, University of Zenica - Institute Kemal Kapetanovic in Zenica., Muminovic Branka ,   Researcher, University of Zenica - Institute Kemal Kapetanovic in Zenica.
Published: November 2021

Additional strengthening of superalloy N07080 described in this work was achieved by warm rolling. Control of the ratio of strength and ductile properties of the superalloy is possible by appropriate selection of the amount of warm deformation and the appropriate selection of the partial recrystallization temperature. In addition, recrystallization annealing makes it possible to equalize the grain size across the cross section of the warm rolled bars, which before recrystallization differ significantly in size in the central and peripheral parts of the bars.
Building on and Extending the Characteristics of Gifted Learners: Implementing the Real Engagement in Active Problem Solving (REAPS) Teaching Model
Authors:   The University of Arizona, Maker June , Pease Randy ,   The University of Arizona
Published: November 2021

Real Engagement in Active Problem Solving (REAPS) is an evidence-based model for building on and extending the characteristics of gifted learners, enabling them to develop their exceptional talents. The purposes of this study were to (a) identify teachers who implemented the method at a high level of fidelity and (b) describe their ways of applying principles for talent development in content, processes, products, and learning environments. Fidelity of Implementation was high, ranging from 3.0 to 5.8, with a mean of 4.7 on a scale from 0 to 6. Teachers used methods identified as important for exceptionally talented students: engagement, challenge, interest, and relevance. Administrators enabled this high level of implementation. Because the study was conducted in one school, we recommend extending the research to other schools and contexts, and to consider the importance of real-world problem solving in developing the understanding and values needed to use exceptional talents wisely.
The Role of Teachers’ Implementation of the Real Engagement in Active Problem Solving (REAPS) Model in Developing Creative Problem Solving in Mathematics
Authors:   The University of Georgia, Bahar A. Kadir , Maker June ,   The University of Arizona, Scherbakova Alisa ,   The University of Georgia
Published: November 2021

Teaching is more effective when students are taught through research-based teaching approaches that have been found to be successful in producing the outcomes they advocate. However, use of an effective instructional strategy does not ensure learning, because the success of a sound approach is determined by how well it is implemented. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the fidelity of implementation of the Real Engagement in Active Problem Solving (REAPS) teaching model on changes in creative problem solving in mathematics. REAPS is a teaching model that was initially designed to meet the needs of exceptionally gifted and talented learners. However, teachers and researchers have found it to be an effective method for teaching all students. Using a repeated measures t-test, we found that creative problem solving of students in a school in which all teachers implemented the REAPS model improved significantly in total scores as well as accuracy and concept subscores. In addition, we found that the level of fidelity of implementation of the model explained 14.8% of the variance in total creative problem solving in mathematics, 20.1% of the variance in accuracy subscore, and finally 4.5% of the variance in concept subscore. We found evidence that teachers can make a significant impact on students’ creative problem solving in mathematics through a high level of fidelity of implementation of the REAPS model.
O QUÍMICO E O MEIO AMBIENTE: ASPECTOS HISTÓRICOS E AS CONTRIBUIÇÕES DO ENSINO DE GESTÃO AMBIENTAL
Authors: Alves Suellen
Published: November 2021

CHEMICALS AND THE ENVIRONMENT: HISTORICAL ASPECTS AND THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT TEACHING. Global environmental issues have gained strength since the 1960 decade and the relationship between the chemical industry and the environment has become increasingly tight since then. In this sense, environmental management has gained more space making organizations think strategically about their business and the possible impacts that they can promote on the environment. The present paper shows two brief timelines: the history of the chemical industry and the important events for environmental issues. In addition, it reports an investigation into the insertion of the discipline of environmental management in curricular matrices of institutions in Paraná and didactic experiments carried out at the State University of Ponta Grossa: simulation of environmental audit and analysis of the environmental management of the chemistry teaching laboratories of that institution a from the survey of environmental aspects and impacts and the elaboration of the environmental risk index. Finally, a questionnaire is shown with the graduates who took the discipline and how they perceive the importance of it in professional life. The reflection on social and environmental responsibility is extremely important for sustainable development and the chemist has a leading role in this path.
A New Synthetic Route and Comprehensive Topological Study of a Benzimidazole Derivative
Authors: Duarte Vitor , Naves Raquel , Bortoluzzi Adailton , Faria Eduardo , da Silva Aline , Oliveira Guilherme , Alonso Christian , Napolitano Hamilton
Published: November 2021

Benzimidazole and its derivatives are molecules that have diverse biological properties, therefore we synthesized and studied a new benzimidazole to understand their physical/chemical properties. The compound was obtained through a new synthetic route, using graphite oxide, in the absence of solvent, with crystalline packaging supported by C–H…N and C–H…π interactions. According to the frontier molecular orbitals, the compound is kinetically stable while the molecular electrostatic potential map confirms the site of molecular interactions involving nitrogen atoms and the π-system. This comprehensive study on synthesis, structural description and theoretical calculations can support ongoing studies in pharmaceutical science.
Primeros indicios de reproducción y ampliación de registros de Tarentola mauritanica (Linnaeus, 1758) en Álava (País Vasco, España)
Authors: Tejado Lanseros Conrado , Potes María Elena
Published: November 2021

La salamanquesa común, Tarentola mauritanica (L., 1758) cuenta con registros en el centro y norte de Álava desde el año 2006, en la presente nota se incrementa el número de observaciones comprendidas dentro del periodo 2011-2021. En esta década se observan por primera vez ejemplares neonatos y juveniles. Se valora la existencia de una población incipiente en determinados núcleos urbanos y rurales de la Llanada Alavesa.