bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidence for two dimensional anisotropic Luttinger liquids at millikelvin temperatures
Authors: Yu Guo , Wang Pengjie , Uzan-Narovlansky Ayelet J. , Jia Yanyu , Onyszczak Michael , Singha Ratnadwip , Gui Xin , Song Tiancheng , Tang Yue , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Cava Robert J. , Schoop Leslie M. , Wu Sanfeng
Published: November 2023

Interacting electrons in one dimension (1D) are governed by the Luttinger liquid (LL) theory in which excitations are fractionalized. Can a LL-like state emerge in a 2D system as a stable zero-temperature phase? This question is crucial in the study of non-Fermi liquids. A recent experiment identified twisted bilayer tungsten ditelluride (tWTe2) as a 2D host of LL-like physics at a few kelvins. Here we report evidence for a 2D anisotropic LL state down to 50 mK, spontaneously formed in tWTe2 with a twist angle of ~ 3o. While the system is metallic-like and nearly isotropic above 2 K, a dramatically enhanced electronic anisotropy develops in the millikelvin regime. In the anisotropic phase, we observe characteristics of a 2D LL phase including a power-law across-wire conductance and a zero-bias dip in the along-wire differential resistance. Our results represent a step forward in the search for stable LL physics beyond 1D.
A general large-scale synthesis approach for crystalline porous materials
Authors: Liu Xiongli , Wang An , Wang Chunping , Li Jinli , Zhang Zhiyuan , Al-Enizi Abdullah M. , Nafady Ayman , Shui Feng , You Zifeng , Li Baiyan , Wen Yangbing , Ma Shengqian
Published: November 2023

Crystalline porous materials such as covalent organic frameworks (COFs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and porous organic cages (POCs) have been widely applied in various fields with outstanding performances. However, the lack of general and effective methodology for large-scale production limits their further industrial applications. In this work, we developed a general approach comprising high pressure homogenization (HPH), which can realize large-scale synthesis of crystalline porous materials including COFs, MOFs, and POCs under benign conditions. This universal strategy, as illustrated in the proof of principle studies, has prepared 4 COFs, 4 MOFs, and 2 POCs. It can circumvent some drawbacks of existing approaches including low yield, high energy consumption, low efficiency, weak mass/thermal transfer, tedious procedures, poor reproducibility, and high cost. On the basis of this approach, an industrial homogenizer can produce 0.96 ~ 580.48 ton of high-performance COFs, MOFs, and POCs per day, which is unachievable via other methods.
Inhibition of glycolysis-driven immunosuppression with a nano-assembly enhances response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy in triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Ren Xijiao , Cheng Zhuo , He Jinming , Yao Xuemei , Liu Yingqi , Cai Kaiyong , Li Menghuan , Hu Yan , Luo Zhong
Published: November 2023

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are promising modalities for treating triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, hyperglycolysis, a hallmark of TNBC cells, may drive tumor-intrinsic PD-L1 glycosylation and boost regulatory T cell function to impair ICI efficacy. Herein, we report a tumor microenvironment-activatable nanoassembly based on self-assembled aptamer-polymer conjugates for the targeted delivery of glucose transporter 1 inhibitor BAY-876 (DNA-PAE@BAY-876), which remodels the immunosuppressive TME to enhance ICI response. Poly β-amino ester (PAE)-modified PD-L1 and CTLA-4-antagonizing aptamers (aptPD-L1 and aptCTLA-4) are synthesized and co-assembled into supramolecular nanoassemblies for carrying BAY-876. The acidic tumor microenvironment causes PAE protonation and triggers nanoassembly dissociation to initiate BAY-876 and aptamer release. BAY-876 selectively inhibits TNBC glycolysis to deprive uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine and downregulate PD-L1 N-linked glycosylation, thus facilitating PD-L1 recognition of aptPD-L1 to boost anti-PD-L1 therapy. Meanwhile, BAY-876 treatment also elevates glucose supply to tumor-residing regulatory T cells (Tregs) for metabolically rewiring them into an immunostimulatory state, thus cooperating with aptCTLA-4-mediated immune-checkpoint inhibition to abolish Treg-mediated immunosuppression. DNA-PAE@BAY-876 effectively reprograms the immunosuppressive microenvironment in preclinical models of TNBC in female mice and provides a distinct approach for TNBC immunotherapy in the clinics.
Causal identification of single-cell experimental perturbation effects with CINEMA-OT
Authors: Dong Mingze , Wang Bao , Wei Jessica , de O. Fonseca Antonio H. , Perry Curtis J. , Frey Alexander , Ouerghi Feriel , Foxman Ellen F. , Ishizuka Jeffrey J. , Dhodapkar Rahul M. , van Dijk David
Published: November 2023

Recent advancements in single-cell technologies allow characterization of experimental perturbations at single-cell resolution. While methods have been developed to analyze such experiments, the application of a strict causal framework has not yet been explored for the inference of treatment effects at the single-cell level. Here we present a causal-inference-based approach to single-cell perturbation analysis, termed CINEMA-OT (causal independent effect module attribution + optimal transport). CINEMA-OT separates confounding sources of variation from perturbation effects to obtain an optimal transport matching that reflects counterfactual cell pairs. These cell pairs represent causal perturbation responses permitting a number of novel analyses, such as individual treatment-effect analysis, response clustering, attribution analysis, and synergy analysis. We benchmark CINEMA-OT on an array of treatment-effect estimation tasks for several simulated and real datasets and show that it outperforms other single-cell perturbation analysis methods. Finally, we perform CINEMA-OT analysis of two newly generated datasets: (1) rhinovirus and cigarette-smoke-exposed airway organoids, and (2) combinatorial cytokine stimulation of immune cells. In these experiments, CINEMA-OT reveals potential mechanisms by which cigarette-smoke exposure dulls the airway antiviral response, as well as the logic that governs chemokine secretion and peripheral immune cell recruitment.
Age-related dysregulation of homeostatic control in neuronal microcircuits
Authors: Radulescu Carola I. , Doostdar Nazanin , Zabouri Nawal , Melgosa-Ecenarro Leire , Wang Xingjian , Sadeh Sadra , Pavlidi Pavlina , Airey Joe , Kopanitsa Maksym , Clopath Claudia , Barnes Samuel J.
Published: November 2023

Neuronal homeostasis prevents hyperactivity and hypoactivity. Age-related hyperactivity suggests homeostasis may be dysregulated in later life. However, plasticity mechanisms preventing age-related hyperactivity and their efficacy in later life are unclear. We identify the adult cortical plasticity response to elevated activity driven by sensory overstimulation, then test how plasticity changes with age. We use in vivo two-photon imaging of calcium-mediated cellular/synaptic activity, electrophysiology and c-Fos-activity tagging to show control of neuronal activity is dysregulated in the visual cortex in late adulthood. Specifically, in young adult cortex, mGluR5-dependent population-wide excitatory synaptic weakening and inhibitory synaptogenesis reduce cortical activity following overstimulation. In later life, these mechanisms are downregulated, so that overstimulation results in synaptic strengthening and elevated activity. We also find overstimulation disrupts cognition in older but not younger animals. We propose that specific plasticity mechanisms fail in later life dysregulating neuronal microcircuit homeostasis and that the age-related response to overstimulation can impact cognitive performance.
Molecular blueprints for spinal circuit modules controlling locomotor speed in zebrafish
Authors: Pallucchi Irene , Bertuzzi Maria , Madrid David , Fontanel Pierre , Higashijima Shin-ichi , El Manira Abdeljabbar
Published: November 2023

The flexibility of motor actions is ingrained in the diversity of neurons and how they are organized into functional circuit modules, yet our knowledge of the molecular underpinning of motor circuit modularity remains limited. Here we use adult zebrafish to link the molecular diversity of motoneurons (MNs) and the rhythm-generating V2a interneurons (INs) with the modular circuit organization that is responsible for changes in locomotor speed. We show that the molecular diversity of MNs and V2a INs reflects their functional segregation into slow, intermediate or fast subtypes. Furthermore, we reveal shared molecular signatures between V2a INs and MNs of the three speed circuit modules. Overall, by characterizing how the molecular diversity of MNs and V2a INs relates to their function, connectivity and behavior, our study provides important insights not only into the molecular mechanisms for neuronal and circuit diversity for locomotor flexibility but also for charting circuits for motor actions in general.
Chloroplast transformation for bioencapsulation and oral delivery using the immunoglobulin G fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain
Authors: LaManna Lisa , Chou Chih-Hsuan , Lei Hanqin , Barton Elisabeth R. , Maliga Pal
Published: November 2023

Proinsulin Like Growth Factor I (prolGF-I) and myostatin (Mstn) regulate muscle regeneration and mass when intravenously delivered. We tested if chloroplast bioencapsulated forms of these proteins may serve as a non-invasive means of drug delivery through the digestive system. We created tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants carrying GFP-Fc1, proIGF-I-Fc1, and Mstn-Fc1 fusion genes, in which fusion with the immunoglobulin G Fc domain improved both protein stability and absorption in the small intestine. No transplastomic plants were obtained with the Mstn-Fc1 gene, suggesting that the protein is toxic to plant cells. proIGF-I-Fc1 protein levels were too low to enable in vivo testing. However, GFP-Fc1 accumulated at a high level, enabling evaluation of chloroplast-made Fc fusion proteins for oral delivery. Tobacco leaves were lyophilized for testing in a mouse system. We report that the orally administered GFP-Fc1 fusion protein (5.45 µg/g GFP-Fc1) has been taken up by the intestinal epithelium cells, evidenced by confocal microscopy. GFP-Fc1 subsequently entered the circulation where it was detected by ELISA. Data reported here confirm that chloroplast expression and oral administration of lyophilized leaves is a potential delivery system of therapeutic proteins fused with Fc1, with the advantage that the proteins may be stored at room temperature.
A novel immune-related gene signature for predicting immunotherapy outcomes and survival in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Gu Jie , Zhang Xiaobo , Peng ZhangZhe , Peng Zhuoming , Liao Zhouning
Published: November 2023

Clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. In this study, a new model of immune-related genes was developed to predict the overall survival and immunotherapy efficacy in patients with ccRCC. Immune-related genes were obtained from the ImmPort database. Clinical data and transcriptomics of ccRCC samples were downloaded from GSE29609 and The Cancer Genome Atlas. An immune-related gene-based prognostic model (IRGPM) was developed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression algorithm and multivariate Cox regression. The reliability of the developed models was evaluated by Kaplan–Meier survival curves and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves. Furthermore, we constructed a nomogram based on the IRGPM and multiple clinicopathological factors, along with a calibration curve to examine the predictive power of the nomogram. Overall, this study investigated the association of IRGPM with immunotherapeutic efficacy, immune checkpoints, and immune cell infiltration. Eleven IRGs based on 528 ccRCC samples significantly associated with survival were used to construct the IRGPM. Remarkably, the IRGPM, which consists of 11 hub genes (SAA1, IL4, PLAUR, PLXNB3, ANGPTL3, AMH, KLRC2, NR3C2, KL, CSF2, and SEMA3G), was found to predict the survival of ccRCC patients accurately. The calibration curve revealed that the nomogram developed with the IRGPM showed high predictive performance for the survival probability of ccRCC patients. Moreover, the IRGPM subgroups showed different levels of immune checkpoints and immune cell infiltration in patients with ccRCC. IRGPM might be a promising biomarker of immunotherapeutic responses in patients with ccRCC. Overall, the established IRGPM was valuable for predicting survival, reflecting the immunotherapy response and immune microenvironment in patients with ccRCC.
Effects of TmTak1 silencing on AMP production as an Imd pathway component in Tenebrio molitor
Authors: Hwang Su Hyeon , Jang Ho Am , Kojour Maryam Ali Mohammadie , Yun Keunho , Lee Yong Seok , Han Yeon Soo , Jo Yong Hun
Published: November 2023

Mealworms beetles, Tenebrio molitor, are the limelight next-generation food for humans due to their high nutrient contents. Since Tenebrio molitor is used as feed for pets and livestock in addition to their ability to decompose polystyrene and plastic waste, it is recognized as an insect with an industrial core value. Therefore, it is important to study the immune mechanism related to the development and infection of mealworms for mass breeding purposes. The immune deficiency (Imd) signaling is one of the main pathways with pivotal roles in the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Transforming growth factor-β activated kinase (TAK1) is one of the Imd pathway components, forms a complex with TAK1 binding protein 2 (TAB2) to ultimately help activate the transcription factor Relish and eventually induce host to produce AMPs. Relatively, little has been revealed about TAK1 in insect models, especially in the T. molitor. Therefore, this study was conducted to elucidate the function of TmTak1 in T. molitor. Our results showed that the highest and lowest mRNA expression of TmTak1 were found in egg and young larvae respectively. The tissue-specific expression patterns were reported in the gut of T. molitor larvae and the fat bodies of adults. Systemic microbial challenge illustrated TmTak1 high expression following the fungal infection in all dissected tissues except for the whole body. However, silencing TmTak1 experiments showed that the survivability of T. molitor larvae affected significantly following Escherichia coli infection. Accordingly, AMP induction after TmTak1 knock down was mainly reported in the integument and the fat bodies.
Study of the effects of bio-silica nanoparticle additives on the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of biodiesel produced from waste fat
Authors: Jayabal Ravikumar , Soundararajan Gopinath , Kumar R. Ashok , Choubey Gautam , Devarajan Yuvarajan , Raja T. , Kaliappan Nandagopal
Published: November 2023

Numerous countries are investigating alternative fuel sources in response to the escalating issue of energy inadequacy. Using environmentally sustainable biodiesel as a potential alternative to fossil fuels, particularly from waste sources, is a developing prospect. This study aims to examine the feasibility of utilizing industry leather waste as a diesel fuel substitute. Traditional transesterification was used to obtain methyl ester out of leather waste. After processing, 81.93% of methyl ester was produced. Bio-silica (Bio-Si) is used as a fuel additive to enhance combustion and decrease emissions. This work utilized a leather industry waste fat biodiesel (LIWFB), LIWFB blend (B50), LIWFB blend with Bio-Si nanoparticles (B50Bio-Si50, B50Bio-Si75, and B50Bio-Si100 ppm) to analyze the engine outcome parameters at standard operating conditions. Experimental results revealed that adding Bio-Si in the biodiesel blend increased thermal brake efficiency (BTE) but was lower in diesel fuel. The biodiesel blends reduced NOx emissions more than Bio-Si nanoparticle blends. Furthermore, the smoke opacity was reduced by 31.87%, hydrocarbon (HC) emissions were reduced by 34.14%, carbon monoxide (CO) emissions were decreased by 43.97%, and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions were slightly increased by 4.45% for B50Bio-Si100 blend compared to neat diesel. This investigation determined that all the emissions remained lower for all combinations than neat diesel, with a small increase in NOx emissions. Therefore, the LIWFB blend with Bio-Si nanoparticles was a viable diesel fuel alternative in diesel engines.
Quiet point engineering for low-noise microwave generation with soliton microcombs
Authors: Triscari Andrea C. , Tusnin Aleksandr , Tikan Alexey , Kippenberg Tobias J.
Published: November 2023

Low-noise microwave signals can be efficiently generated with microresonator-based dissipative Kerr solitons (microcombs). However, the phase noise level in integrated microcombs is presently several orders of magnitude above the limit imposed by fundamental thermorefractive noise, resulting from residual pump laser frequency noise transduction to the soliton repetition rate. This effect can be substantially reduced by accessing a quiet point (QP) in the parameter space, where the transduction is compensated by the dispersive wave (DW) recoil, which conventionally relies on accidental mode crossings. Here we present a method to deterministically engineer the QP, both in terms of spectral width and position, and we discover a continuum of possible QPs within the soliton existence region. Using two controlled mode crossings, we obtain regions where the QPs interact with each other, extending the noise suppression range. Our work demonstrates a promising way to reach the fundamental limit of low-noise microwave generation in integrated microcombs.
Hierarchical generative modelling for autonomous robots
Authors: Yuan Kai , Sajid Noor , Friston Karl , Li Zhibin
Published: November 2023

Humans generate intricate whole-body motions by planning, executing and combining individual limb movements. We investigated this fundamental aspect of motor control and approached the problem of autonomous task completion by hierarchical generative modelling with multi-level planning, emulating the deep temporal architecture of human motor control. We explored the temporal depth of nested timescales, where successive levels of a forward or generative model unfold, for example, object delivery requires both global planning and local coordination of limb movements. This separation of temporal scales suggests the advantage of hierarchically organizing the global planning and local control of individual limbs. We validated our proposed formulation extensively through physics simulation. Using a hierarchical generative model, we showcase that an embodied artificial intelligence system, a humanoid robot, can autonomously complete a complex task requiring a holistic use of locomotion, manipulation and grasping: the robot adeptly retrieves and transports a box, opens and walks through a door, kicks a football and exhibits robust performance even in the presence of body damage and ground irregularities. Our findings demonstrated the efficacy and feasibility of human-inspired motor control for an embodied artificial intelligence robot, highlighting the viability of the formulized hierarchical architecture for achieving autonomous completion of challenging goal-directed tasks.
Fingerprinting construction sand-supply networks for traceable sourcing
Authors: Sickmann Zachary T. , Lammers Nicholas C. , Torres Aurora
Published: November 2023

Globally increasing demand for construction sand needs to be met with transparent and responsible supply-networks. Currently, there are few scalable methods for tracing construction sand distribution without direct observation. He wee examined sand “fingerprinting” as a tool to trace construction sand supply-networks from “source to sink” in a case study from Texas, USA. Both natural bulk major element and optical petrography fingerprints are preserved through construction sand processing and transport such that sand can be tied back to its original mining source even at the final point of distribution. Additionally, we developed an image analysis model called sandID that is ~90% effective at determining the original mining source of sand in the study area. Our results demonstrate that sand fingerprinting, has untapped potential to support traceability and certification schemes and to support monitoring and enforcement in areas where there are concerns about illegal, illicit or simply unknown construction sand sourcing.
The building blocks of community participation in local climate meetings
Authors: Almeida Paul , González Luis Rubén , Flores Edward Orozco , Curry Venise , Padilla Ana
Published: November 2023

To make greater strides in reducing city-level greenhouse gas emissions, more collaboration between civil society and local governments is necessary. Participation in neighborhood and town meetings about climate change sets the stage for enduring community involvement in resiliency and mitigation planning. This study examines the correlates of individual interest in attending local climate meetings. The work is based on a random sample of 1950 registered voters in Fresno, California (the fifth-largest city in the state). The findings suggest that those individuals with ties to capacity-building organizations in the labor and community sectors were the most willing to attend meetings about climate change. The types of civic engagement activities encouraged by labor unions and community-based organizations (CBOs) were also associated with a greater willingness to participate in gatherings about global warming. Increasing public participation in local climate programs may be enhanced by investing in the types of civic organizations that specialize in mobilizing residents to engage in municipal initiatives.
Sound-meaning associations allow listeners to infer the meaning of foreign language words
Authors: Hayakawa Sayuri , Marian Viorica
Published: November 2023

An attribute of human language is the seemingly arbitrary association between a word’s form and meaning. We provide evidence that the meaning of foreign words can be partially deduced from phonological form. Monolingual English speakers listened to 45 antonym word pairs in nine foreign languages and judged which English words corresponded to these words’ respective meanings. Despite no proficiency in the foreign language tested, participants’ accuracy was higher than chance in each language. Words that shared meaning across languages were more likely to share phonological form. Accuracy in judging meaning from form was associated with participants’ verbal working memory and with how consistently phonological and semantic features of words covaried across unrelated languages. A follow-up study with native Spanish speakers replicated the results. We conclude that sound maps to meaning in natural languages with some regularity, and sensitivity to form-meaning mappings indexes broader cognitive functions.
Polymerizable bijels prepared by a direct-mixing method
Authors: Zhang Liya , Song Aixin , Hao Jingcheng
Published: November 2023

Polymerizable bijels were stabilized by the union of silica particles and amino-capped silicone oil (diNH2-PDMS) with a direct-mixing method. Solid materials were obtained with interconnected structures by polymerizing of the oil phase.
Enantiotropic ferroelectric nematic phase in a single compound
Authors: Karcz Jakub , Rychłowicz Natan , Czarnecka Małgorzata , Kocot Antoni , Herman Jakub , Kula Przemysław
Published: November 2023

The design, synthesis and physicochemical properties of the highly polar ferroelectric nematic liquid crystal are reported. This compound exhibits enantiotropic NF phase, as the very first example with such behaviour.
Microwave-assisted hydrothermal solution process for accelerated formation of 3D hierarchical flowery anatase-TiO2 microspheres with excellent photocatalytic activity
Authors: Lavudya Praveen Kumar , Devarakonda SuryaBindu Sesha , Pant Harita , Geo Sarah , Tudu Avijit , Srikanth Vadali Venkata Satya Siva , Ammanabrolu Rajanikanth
Published: November 2023

A microwave-assisted hydrothermal solution synthesis methodology is used to prepare 3D hierarchical flowery TiO2 microspheres quickly and without calcination.
Photoinduced absorption spectroscopy (PIAS) study of water and chloride oxidation by a WO3 photoanode in acidic solution
Authors: Johnston James , O’Rourke Christopher , Mills Andrew
Published: November 2023

The mechanisms of water and chloride oxidation by a WO3 photoanode are probed by photoinduced absorption spectroscopy (PIAS) coupled with transient photocurrent (TC) measurements.
Rovibrational states calculations of the H2O–HCN heterodimer with the multiconfiguration time dependent Hartree method
Authors: Tajouo Tela Hervé , Quintas-Sánchez Ernesto , Dubernet Marie-Lise , Scribano Yohann , Dawes Richard , Gatti Fabien , Ndengué Steve
Published: November 2023

Water and hydrogen cyanide are two of the most common species in space and the atmosphere with the ability of binding to form dimers such as H2O–HCN.
DNA groove preference shift upon phosphorylation of a protamine-like cationic peptide
Authors: Chhetri Khadka B. , Jang Yun Hee , Lansac Yves , Maiti Prabal K.
Published: November 2023

Entropic and Enthalpic contributions to Gibbs free energy of binding in four DNA-peptide complexes. It is observed that the binding of a protamine-like cationic peptide to DNA is enthalpy-driven for both major and minor grooves of DNA.
Co-aggregation of α-synuclein with amyloid-β stabilizes β-sheet-rich oligomers and enhances the formation of β-barrels
Authors: Huang Fengjuan , Liu Yuying , Wang Ying , Xu Jia , Lian Jiangfang , Zou Yu , Wang Chuang , Ding Feng , Sun Yunxiang
Published: November 2023

The co-aggregation of Aβ and α-synuclein formed β-sheet-rich oligomers and β-barrel intermediates. The C-terminus of α-synuclein dynamically capped the β-sheet core, which might delay Aβ fibrillization and enhance the population of toxic oligomers.
Molecular specificity in neutron imaging: the case of hydrogen adsorption in metal organic frameworks
Authors: Simoni Margherita , Minniti Triestino , Senesi Roberto , Romanelli Giovanni
Published: November 2023

Energy-resolved neutron imaging can provide molecular-specific information in hydrogenous materials. At thermal neutron energies, cross sections are sensitive to hydrogen dynamics through incoherent and inelastic contributions to neutron scattering.
Sulfonyldibenzoate coordination polymers as bioactive dopants for polysaccharide films with antibacterial and antibiofilm properties
Authors: Fernandes Tiago A. , Macedo Filipa , Cabral Rafaela G. , Guiu Telma , Franco Chris H. J. , Jorge Paula , Sousa Ana Catarina , André Vânia , Cerca Nuno , Kirillov Alexander M.
Published: November 2023

Silver(i) and copper(ii) sulfonyldibenzoate coordination polymers were assembled and applied as bioactive dopants for hybrid biopolymer films with remarkable antibacterial and biofilm inhibition activity.
Enhancement of upconversion photoluminescence in phosphor nanoparticle thin films using metallic nanoantennas fabricated by colloidal lithography
Authors: Ngo Thi Tuyen , Viaña Jose M. , Romero Manuel , Calvo Mauricio E. , Lozano Gabriel , Míguez Hernán
Published: November 2023

We present a novel approach to fabricate an array of gold nanoantennas using a simple and inexpensive colloidal lithography technique, and demonstrate a significant enhancement of upconversion photoluminescence through plasmon-enhanced photoexcitation and emission.
Guggulsterone – a potent bioactive phytosteroid: synthesis, structural modification, and its improved bioactivities
Authors: Adarsh Krishna T. P. , Ajeesh Krishna T. P. , Edachery Baldev , Antony Ceasar S.
Published: November 2023

Guggulsterone, a phytosteroid bioactive molecule, is attracting attention due to its excellent chemical biology. This review provides an update on improvements in chemical synthesis and structural modification of guggulsterone, including activities of structurally modified guggulsterone derivatives.
Schiff base Mo(vi) complexes grafted on Merrifield resin as recyclable and efficient catalysts for the synthesis of pyrrole-2-ones
Authors: Yan Qingmin , Wang Kanglong , Zhang Wenhui , Yu Mingwu , Wei Donglei , Wang Weili , Liu Gang , Gao Xiuwei
Published: November 2023

Schiff base Mo(vi) complexes have been grafted onto branched Merrifield resin and used as heterogeneous catalysts to synthesize pyrrolin-2-ones from aromatic amines, aldehydes and ethyl pyruvate via a one-pot reaction.
Design of electron-donating group substituted 2-PAM analogs as antidotes for organophosphate insecticide poisoning
Authors: Kongkaew Nalinee , Hengphasatporn Kowit , Injongkol Yuwanda , Mee-udorn Pitchayathida , Shi Liyi , Mahalapbutr Panupong , Maitarad Phornphimon , Harada Ryuhei , Shigeta Yasuteru , Rungrotmongkol Thanyada , Vangnai Alisa S.
Published: November 2023

Design of novel 2-pralidoxime analogs by incorporating electron-donating groups onto its pyridinium core to enhance blood–brain barrier permeability and binding susceptibility toward acetylcholinesterase with paraoxon bound.
Process of landfill leachate pretreatment using coagulation and hydrodynamic cavitation oxidation
Authors: Qiao Yina , Jin Riya , Gao Jingshuai , Wang Kun , Jiang Yu , Xiong Jian , Jia MengYe , He Zengdi , Liu Jiaoqin
Published: November 2023

A new method of coagulation and hydrodynamic cavitation/chlorine was proposed to treat landfill leachate, and the combination treatment can significantly reduce the organic load of landfill leachate and improve its biodegradability.
The energetic and physical concept of gold nanorod-dependent fluorescence in cancer treatment and development of new photonic compounds|review
Authors: Alshangiti Dalal Mohamed , Ghobashy Mohamed Mohamady , Alqahtani Haifa A. , El-damhougy Tasneam K. , Madani Mohamed
Published: November 2023

The optical features of gold nanorods (GNR) may be precisely controlled by manipulating their size, shape, and aspect ratio.
A fluorous-tag-assisted fluorescent probe for simple and selective detection of hydrogen sulfide: application for turbid dyeing solutions
Authors: Park Geonwoo , Jang Mincheol , Han Min Su
Published: November 2023

A fluorous-tagging strategy was introduced for the development of fluorescent probes, resulting the quantitative and selective detection of H2S, even in turbid dyeing solutions, using fluorous solid-phase extraction.
Ligand-centered to metal-centered activation of a Rh(iii) photosensitizer revealed by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Losada Iria Bolaño , Persson Petter
Published: November 2023

Excited state evolution of the rhodium(iii) complex [Rh(iii)(phen)2(NH3)2]2+ (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) has been investigated theoretically to gain a better understanding of light-driven activation of high-energy metal centered states.
Enabling Al sacrificial anodes in tetrahydrofuran electrolytes for reductive electrosynthesis
Authors: Zhang Wendy , Guan Weiyang , Wang Yi , Lin Song , See Kimberly A.
Published: November 2023

Addition of halide salts as co-supporting electrolytes is a simple electrolyte tailoring strategy for enabling Al sacrificial anodes in THF-based electrolytes.
Measure of Auditory Working Memory Span Using Monosyllabic Word Recognition Test in Young Adults With Normal Hearing: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Lee Sungmin , Lee Soo Jung
Published: November 2023

Purpose:

Measuring working memory at hearing clinics is important. This study attempted to develop a test protocol that measures auditory working memory using a standardized monosyllabic word list in Korean Speech Audiometry (KSA).

Method:

We included 25 young adults with normal hearing in this study. Participants conducted word recognition and word span tests concurrently using the KSA monosyllabic word lists. We designed four test conditions according to the presence or absence of background noise and word recall order: quiet-forward (QF), quiet-backward (QB), noise-forward, (NF), and noise-backward (NB). We implemented digit span tests in the Korean Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–IV (K-WAIS-IV) to determine the validity of the working memory outcomes.

Results:

Word recognition scores of QF and QB were significantly higher than those of NF and NB. The percentages of correctly recalled words and word recall span scores were highest in QF and lowest in NB. Overall, the Pearson correlation and multiple regression statistics showed that our word span test outcomes for QB and NF were highly associated with digit span scores on the K-WAIS-IV.

Conclusion:

Our proposed test protocol showed the possibility of measuring auditory working memory and monosyllabic word recognition simultaneously by validating the results with K-WAIS-IV outcomes.
Self-Reported Symptoms of Vertigo and Imbalance Are Prevalent Among Adults With Chronic Moderate–Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Preliminary Analysis
Authors: Romero Daniel J. , Feller Jessica , Clough Sharice , Jacobson Gary , Roberts Richard A. , Duff Melissa
Published: November 2023

Purpose:

Dizziness and imbalance are common symptoms during the acute phase of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, there is evidence to suggest that these symptoms persist into the chronic phase of injury. Few prospective studies have examined the frequency and type of dizziness and imbalance in adults with chronic moderate–severe TBI. The aim of this preliminary analysis was to investigate the prevalence of these symptoms in adults with chronic moderate–severe TBI.

Method:

Twenty-four adults with chronic moderate–severe TBI and a group of 19 age-, sex-, and education-matched noninjured comparison participants were recruited. Self-reported dizziness and imbalance were measured using a modified version of a standard case history form. Significant associations between group (TBI group or noninjured comparison [NC] participants) and self-reports of dizziness, imbalance, and related symptoms (endorsed “yes” or “no”) were explored.

Results:

The TBI group most reported lightheadedness (75%), vertigo (38%), and imbalance and/or falling (46%). The most common related symptom reported by the TBI group was headache (63%) and nausea (46%). Significant associations revealed that the TBI group responded “yes” in higher percentages than the NC group across all categories (dizziness, imbalance, and related symptoms). There were no statistically significant relationships among dizziness, imbalance, or headache symptoms within the TBI group.

Conclusions:

These preliminary findings suggest that dizziness and imbalance are prevalent in adults with chronic moderate–severe TBI. Persistent vertiginous symptoms may point to an underlying vestibular impairment. However, further research is needed to characterize vestibular function in chronic moderate–severe TBI.
Systemtherapien bei metastasierten Schilddrüsenkarzinomen – ein Update
Authors: Brandenburg Tim , Machlah Yara Maria , Führer-Sakel Dagmar
Published: November 2023

Was ist neu?

Radiojodrefraktäre differenzierte Schilddrüsenkarzinome Die Wirksamkeit der Multikinase-Inhibitoren Lenvatinib und Sorafenib kann anhand von „Real-world“-Anwendungsdaten verschiedener Krebszentren weltweit gezeigt werden. Zur Behandlung des fortgeschrittenen rrDTC (radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer) steht Cabozantinib als Zweitlinienpräparat nach Progress unter Lenvatinib und/oder Sorafenib zur Verfügung. Bislang zeigte sich weiter eine geringe Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass eine medikamentöse Vorbehandlung zu einer Redifferenzierung mit anschließender erfolgreicher Radiojodtherapie führt. Eine aktuelle französische Studie berichtet hingegen von erfolgreicher Redifferenzierung bei bis zu 95% (20/21) der Patienten mit rrDTC.

Medulläres Schilddrüsenkarzinom Basierend auf einer erfolgten Beobachtungsstudie und einer Neubewertung der ZETA-Studie erfolgte eine Zulassungsänderung für Vandetanib. Die Indikation besteht seit Januar 2023 nur noch beim aggressiven, fortgeschrittenen medullären Schilddrüsenkarzinom mit positivem RET-Mutationsnachweis. Der selektive RET-Kinase-Inhibitor Selpercatinib steht seit 09/2022 auch in Erstlinie zur Behandlung des fortgeschrittenen RET-mutierten medullären Schilddrüsenkarzinoms zur Verfügung. Weitere „Next-Generation-Inhibitoren“ (z.B. LOXO-260) werden bereits in Phase-I-Studien getestet.

Anaplastisches Schilddrüsenkarzinom Das anaplastische Schilddrüsenkarzinom besitzt unverändert eine schlechte Prognose, obwohl einige Fortschritte in der Therapie Zuversicht geben. Von entscheidender Bedeutung sind eine schnelle molekularpathologische Evaluation von Treibermutationen, die Möglichkeit der Durchführung von Immuntherapien sowie der Zugang zu klinischen Studien.
Pulmonale Hypertonie – Die neue ESC-Leitlinie
Authors: Held Matthias , Wilkens Heinrike
Published: November 2023

Was ist neu?

Anpassung der Definition sowie der Risikoeinschätzung Die aktuelle, sehr differenzierte Leitlinie zur Diagnostik und Therapie der pulmonalen Hypertonie (PH) definiert PH ab einem mittleren pulmonal-arteriellen Druck (mPAP) von >20mmHg und einem pulmonalen Gefäßwiderstand (PVR) von >2WE (Wood-Einheiten). Der Diagnosealgorithmus beginnt in der hausärztlichen Versorgung 1.

Erkennen von Risikoerkrankungen und frühen Zeichen als Basis für die frühere Diagnosestellung Die Diagnostik beginnt in der Hausarztpraxis. Das Erkennen von frühen Anzeichen und die Kenntnis der Risikoerkrankungen ist bedeutsam für das weitere Vorgehen.

Therapiesteuerung je nach Komorbiditäten und Risikoeinschätzung Bei der pulmonal-arteriellen Hypertonie (PAH), die als Vaskulopathie unbehandelt eine schlechte Prognose hat, entscheidet das Vorhandensein kardialer und pulmonaler Komorbiditäten einerseits und die Risikoeinschätzung über die initiale Therapie.

Besondere Lebenssituationen bei PH Eine Schwangerschaft bei Frauen mit PAH ist weiterhin signifikant mit mütterlicher und neonataler Sterblichkeit verbunden. Eine generelle Empfehlung zur Art der Anästhesie kann bei anstehenden operativen Eingriffen nicht gegeben werden, es erfolgt eine individualisierte Entscheidung. PH-Patienten sollten Höhenlagen >1500m ohne zusätzlichen Sauerstoff vermeiden.

Besonderheiten bei PH der Gruppen 2 und 3 Patienten mit schwerer PH (PVR >5WE) sollten zum Studieneinschluss oder zur individuellen Therapie im PH-Zentrum vorgestellt werden.
Neueste Erkenntnisse zum myelodysplastischen Syndrom
Authors: Petzer Verena , Wolf Dominik
Published: November 2023

Was ist neu?

Neuerungen – Klassifikation und Prognose Die WHO-2016-Klassifikation wurde durch die ICC und die Klassifikation der WHO 2022 abgelöst. Die beiden Klassifikationen weisen viele Ähnlichkeiten auf; den größten Unterschied stellt der Blastengrenzwert dar. Seit 2022 steht der IPSS-M, der molekulare Aberrationen berücksichtigt, zur Verfügung und verbessert im Vergleich zum IPSS-R die Prognosegenauigkeit für das progressionsfreie Überleben und das Gesamtüberleben. Somit soll eine optimierte therapeutische Entscheidungsfindung ermöglicht werden.

Neuerungen – Therapie 2020 wurde Luspatercept für transfusionsabhängige Patient*innen mit Ringsideroblasten ± einer SF3B1-Mutation zugelassen. Rezent konnte die Überlegenheit von Luspatercept in der ersten Linie gegenüber EPO gezeigt werden. Mit Imetelstat können wir in Zukunft ggf. eine neue Zweitlinientherapie für LR-MDS-Patient*innen nach Versagen von EPO anbieten. Für High-Risk-Patient*innen ist die Therapie mit Azacitidin weiterhin der Therapiestandard – die Ergebnisse der Phase-III-Studien der Kombinationstherapien müssen abgewartet werden.
SGLT2-Inhibitoren für Herz und Niere
Authors: van der Giet Markus
Published: November 2023

Was ist neu?

Funktion von SGLT2-Inhibitoren und pathophysiologische Effekte Natrium-Glukose-Co-Transporter-2-Inhibitoren (SGLT2) können die Glukose-Reabsorption im proximalen Tubulus blockieren und spielen damit eine wichtige Rolle in der Zuckerkontrolle beim Diabetes mellitus.

Erweiterung des Einsatzgebietes von SGLT2 Zusätzlich zur glukosurischen Wirkung wurden eher überraschend sehr umfangreiche, weitere positive Effekte bei chronischen Nierenfunktionsstörungen beobachtet. Auch zeigte sich eine starke kardioprotektive Wirkung bei der Herzinsuffizienz. Mittlerweile wurden zahlreiche Mechanismen abseits der reinen zuckerbeeinflussenden Wirkung der SGLT2-Inhibitioren identifiziert, die sowohl das Herz als auch die Niere direkt positiv beeinflussen können.
Sprach- und Hörstörungen im Jugendalter
Authors: Hirschfelder Anke , Hahn Laura Elisabeth
Published: November 2023

Kommunikative Einschränkungen im Jugendalter stellen eine gravierende Barriere zur Teilhabe und Identitätsbildung dar. Der Artikel fasst relevante Störungen der Sprache und des Hörens in dieser vulnerablen Lebensphase zusammen und zeigt an einem Fallbeispiel exemplarisch Herausforderungen und Potenziale in der Praxis mit jugendlichen Patient*innen auf.
Utility of the Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis Calculator in a Low-Risk Population
Authors: Sonney Kelley M. , Tomasini Dakota , Aden James K. , Drumm Caitlin M.
Published: November 2023

Objective To compare early-onset sepsis (EOS) risk estimation and recommendations for infectious evaluation and/or empiric antibiotics using a categorical risk assessment versus the Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis Calculator in a low-risk population.

Study Design Retrospective chart review of late preterm (≥350/7–366/7 weeks' gestational age) and term infants born at the Brooke Army Medical Center between January 1, 2012 and August 29, 2019. We evaluated those born via cesarean section with rupture of membranes (ROM) < 10 minutes. Statistical analysis was performed to compare recommendations from a categorical risk assessment versus the calculator.

Results We identified 1,187 infants who met inclusion criteria. A blood culture was obtained within 72 hours after birth from 234 (19.7%) infants and 170 (14.3%) received antibiotics per routine clinical practice, using categorical risk assessment. Respiratory distress was the most common indication for evaluation, occurring in 173 (14.6%) of patients. After applying the Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis Calculator to this population, the recommendation was to obtain a blood culture on 166 (14%), to start or strongly consider starting empiric antibiotics on 164 (13.8%), and no culture or antibiotics on 1,021 (86%). Utilizing calculator recommendations would have led to a reduction in frequency of blood culture (19.7 vs. 14%, p < 0.0001) but no reduction in empiric antibiotics (14.3 vs. 13.8%, p = 0.53). There were no cases of culture-proven EOS.

Conclusion This population is low risk for development of EOS; however, 19.7% received an evaluation for infection and 14.3% received antibiotics. Utilization of the Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis Risk Calculator would have led to a significant reduction in the evaluation for EOS but no reduction in antibiotic exposure. Consideration of delivery mode and indication for delivery may be beneficial to include in risk assessments for EOS.

Key Points
Demonstrating the Value of Interventional Radiology
Authors: Fassia Mohammad-Kasim , Charalel Resmi , Talenfeld Adam D.
Published: November 2023

While national healthcare expenditures per capita in the United States exceed those in all other Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, measures of health outcomes in the United States lag behind those in peer nations. This combination of high healthcare spending and relatively poor health has led to attempts to identify high- and low-value healthcare services and to develop mechanisms to reimburse health care providers based on the value of the care delivered. This article investigates the meaning of value in healthcare and identifies specific services delivered by interventional radiologists that have accrued evidence that they meet criteria for high-value services. Recognizing the shift in reimbursement to high-value care, it is imperative that interventional radiology (IR) develop the evidence needed to articulate to all relevant stakeholders how IR contributes value to the system.
A Review of Healthcare Disparities Relevant to Interventional Radiology
Authors: Marchak Katherine , Singh Davinder , Malavia Mira , Trivedi Premal
Published: November 2023

Racial, ethnic, and gender disparities have received focused attention recently, as they became more visible in the COVID era. We continue to learn more about how healthcare disparities manifest for our patients and, more broadly, the structural underpinnings that result in predictable outcomes gaps. This review summarizes what we know about disparities relevant to interventional radiologists. The prevalence and magnitude of disparities are quantified and discussed where relevant. Specific examples are provided to demonstrate how factors like gender, ethnicity, social status, geography, etc. interact to create inequities in the delivery of interventional radiology (IR) care. Understanding and addressing health disparities in IR is crucial for improving real-world patient outcomes and reducing the economic burden associated with ineffective and low-value care. Finally, the importance of intentional mentorship, outreach, education, and equitable distribution of high-quality healthcare to mitigate these disparities and promote health equity in interventional radiology is discussed.
Habits and the socioeconomic patterning of health-related behaviour: a pragmatist perspective
Authors: Katainen Anu , Gronow Antti
Published: November 2023

Unhealthy behaviours are more prevalent in lower than in higher socioeconomic groups. Sociological attempts to explain the socioeconomic patterning of health-related behaviour typically draw on practice theories, as well as on the concept of lifestyles. When accounting for “sticky” habits and social structures, studies often ignore individuals’ capacity for reflection. The opposite is also true: research on individual-level factors has difficulty with the social determinants of behaviour. We argue that the pragmatist concept of habit is not only a precursor to practice theories but also offers a dynamic and action-oriented understanding of the mechanisms that “recruit” individuals to health-related practices. In pragmatism, habits are not merely repetitive behaviours, but creative solutions to problems confronted in everyday life and reflect individuals’ relationships to the material and social world around them. Ideally, the pragmatist conception of habits lays the theoretical ground for efficient prevention of and effective support for behaviour change.
Multiwavelength semiconductor lasers facilitate industry applications
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: November 2023

The development of multiwavelength lasers could herald a new era of 6G communications and remote sensing.
Sign-changing solution for a generalized Kirchhoff problem in the fractional Orlicz-Sobolev space with nonsmooth nonlinearity
Authors: Missaoui Hlel , Bahrouni Anouar
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we study a nonlocal generalized Kirchhoff problem driven by the fractional Orlicz g-Laplace operator and involving a nonsmooth nonlinearity. Although this problem has a double nonlocality, we prove the existence of a least-energy nodal (or sign-changing) solution. Note that the tools used are minimization argument and quantitative deformation lemma.
Existence of U(1) gauged Q-balls for a field model with sixth-order potential
Authors: Han Xiaosen , Su Guange
Published: November 2023

Q-balls are non-topological solitons in a large family of field theories. We focus on the existence of U(1) gauged Q-balls for a field theory with sixth-order potential. The problem can be reduced to proving the existence of critical points for some indefinite functional. For this, we use a constrained minimization approach to obtain the existence of critical points. Moreover, we establish some qualitative properties of the Q-ball solution, such as monotonicity, boundedness and asymptotic behavior.