bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction to a Follow-Up Symposium on “Am I Famous Yet?”: Judging Scholarly Merit in Psychological Science
Authors: Sternberg Robert J.
Published: November 2017

I introduce a follow-up symposium to “‘Am I Famous Yet?’ Judging Scholarly Merit in Psychological Science,” which was published in Perspectives on Psychological Science in November 2016. The follow-up symposium is intended to increase the diversity of contributors and contributions and thereby to continue and expand the discussion of how scholarly merit can be usefully evaluated in psychological science.
… and the Wisdom to Know the Difference: Scholarly Success From a Wisdom Perspective
Authors: Glück Judith
Published: November 2017

What makes a researcher wise? At least for the field of psychology, I argue that the two main characteristics of scholarly wisdom are a desire to understand, rather than to be right, and an orientation toward ethical values. These characteristics do not necessarily produce the highest levels of academic success. Because wisdom is partly context dependent, the actual wisdom of our scientific output could be increased by making some changes to our publication and evaluation culture—changes that might benefit our field and even the world around us.
Doing for the Greater Good: What Price, in Academe?
Authors: Luthar Suniya S.
Published: November 2017

In discussing how merit is commonly judged in academia, my focus in this article is not on dimensions that are currently considered but on those that warrant more attention. Grounded in suggestions offered by Sternberg, I argue here for increased recognition of faculty’s commitment to intrinsic values—focused on community and relationships—and not just extrinsic ones that connote personal fame or status. I first summarize evidence of disillusionment among today’s promising young scholars and then provide exemplars of role models who have, in fact, maintained high standards in both intrinsic and extrinsic domains. I illustrate how commitment to intrinsic goals in everyday professional responsibilities (such as peer reviews or teaching) can come at the cost to personal success and suggest ways of providing appropriate recognition in faculty evaluations. At the macro level, I describe how positive work communities can enhance productivity, foster resilience, and mitigate burnout in the competitive world of contemporary academe. Finally, I underscore the critical role of psychologists in spurring greater dialogue about the messages conveyed by higher education, to the next generation, about what truly matters in making “a life well lived.”
Scholarly Merits: From Measurement to Judgment
Authors: Funke Joachim
Published: November 2017

The discussion in Perspectives on Psychological Science about criteria for scholarly merit shows a potential bias of quantitative measurements compared with informed judgments of scholarly merits. This comment argues for a selection procedure that is open for qualitative arguments.
Clinical stroke research in resource limited settings: Tips and hints
Authors: Pandian Jeyaraj D , Liu Hueiming , Gandhi Dorcas BC , Lindley Richard I
Published: November 2017

Background

Most stroke research is conducted in high income countries, yet most stroke occurs in low- and middle-income countries. There is an urgent need to build stroke research capacity in low- and middle-income countries.

Aims

To review the global health literature on how to improve research capacity in low- and middle-income countries, provide additional data from the recently completed ATTEND Trial and provide examples from our own experience.

Summary of review

The main themes from our literature review were: manpower and workload, research training, research question and methodology and research funding. The literature and our own experience emphasized the importance of local stakeholders to ensure that the research was appropriate, that there were robust local ethics and regulatory processes, and research was conducted by trained personnel. Research training opportunities can be developed locally, or internationally, with many international schemes available to help support new researchers from low- and middle-income country settings. International collaboration can successfully leverage funding from high income countries that not only generate data for the local country, but also provide new data appropriate to high income countries.

Conclusions

Building stroke research capacity in low- and middle-income countries will be vital in improving global health given the huge burden of stroke in these countries.
First Experiences With a Wearable Multisensor Device in a Noninvasive Continuous Glucose Monitoring Study at Home, Part II: The Investigators’ View
Authors: Zanon Mattia , Mueller Martin , Zakharov Pavel , Talary Mark S. , Donath Marc , Stahel Werner A. , Caduff Andreas
Published: November 2017

Background:

Extensive past work showed that noninvasive continuous glucose monitoring with a wearable multisensor device worn on the upper arm provides useful information about glucose trends to improve diabetes therapy in controlled and semicontrolled conditions.

Method:

To test previous findings also in uncontrolled conditions, a long term at home study has been organized to collect multisensor and reference glucose data in a population of 20 type 1 diabetes subjects. A total of 1072 study days were collected and a fully on-line compatible algorithmic routine linking multisensor data to glucose applied to estimate glucose levels noninvasively.

Results:

The algorithm used here calculates glucose values from sensor data and adds a constant obtained by a daily calibration. It provides point inaccuracy measured by a MARD of 35.4 mg/dL on test data. This is higher than current state-of-the-art minimally invasive devices, but still 86.9% of glucose rate points fall within the zone AR+BR.

Conclusions:

The multisensor device and the algorithmic routine used earlier in controlled conditions tracks glucose changes also in uncontrolled conditions, although with lower accuracy. The examination of learning curves suggests that obtaining more data would not improve the results. Therefore, further efforts would focus on the development of more complex algorithmic routines able to compensate for environmental and physiological confounders better.
Progress in Research on CSR and the Hotel Industry (2006-2015)
Authors: Serra-Cantallops Antoni , Peña-Miranda David D. , Ramón-Cardona José , Martorell-Cunill Onofre
Published: November 2017

This study reviews and synthesizes the contemporary literature focusing on the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the hotel industry over the period 2006-2015. The revision process has covered articles meeting two conditions: first, articles focusing exclusively on the hotel industry (not on the tourism sector as a whole) and, second, the issue of CSR is addressed from a broader perspective (economic-social-environmental) and not only environmental. A total of 48 papers have been identified and grouped in three streams of research: CSR-Practices, CSR-Reporting, and CSR-Impacts; the last one been divided into two sublines of research: one from the consumer perspective (Marketing) and the second from the company’s perspective (Firm Business-Performance). For every line, the variables and topics studied are also established. The research lines “Practices” and “Impacts” have received a similar amount of research interest although there is a growing research interest in the impacts of CSR during recent years, either internal or external. Despite this fact, consumer reactions to CSR and the link between CSR and corporate financial performance (CFP) are still important gaps regarding research on CSR in the hotel industry. It is also worth to highlight that a key CSR stakeholder for hotels, like the local community, is particularly underresearched. Additional gaps of research are identified and suggestions for future lines of research are provided.
Brainstem glioma: Prediction of histopathologic grade based on conventional MR imaging
Authors: Moharamzad Yashar , Sanei Taheri Morteza , Niaghi Farhad , Shobeiri Elham
Published: November 2017

Objective

The objective of this article is to investigate the association between specific MR imaging findings and histopathologic grading (low-grade vs. high-grade) of brainstem gliomas (BSGs).

Methods

Sixty-two males and 34 females (mean (standard deviation, SD) age of 24.61 (17.20) years, range = 3 to 70 years) with histologically diagnosed BSG underwent conventional 1.5 T MR imaging, which included T1-weighted (T1W), T2W, and post-contrast T1W sequences. There were 39 children (mean age of 9.38 years) and 57 adults (mean age of 35 years). A binary logistic regression analysis was used to explore associations between MRI features and histopathological grade of the BSG.

Results

Binary logistic regression revealed that necrosis (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 16.07; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.20 to 80.52; p = 0.001) and inhomogeneous contrast enhancement (adjusted OR = 8.04; 95% CI = 1.73 to 37.41; p = 0.008) as significant predictors of high-grade BSG. The equation (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.575) is Logit ( p high-grade BSG) = (2.77 × necrosis) + (2.08 × heterogeneous contrast enhancement) – 3.13. Sensitivity and specificity values were respectively 66.7% and 96.0% for necrosis and 85.7% and 65.9% for inhomogeneous contrast-enhancing lesions. In the pediatric age group, only inhomogeneous contrast enhancement (adjusted OR = 40; 95% CI = 3.95 to 445.73; p = 0.002) was a significant predictor for high-grade BSG.

Conclusion

Conventional MR imaging features such as necrosis and inhomogeneous contrast enhancement in adults and heterogeneous contrast enhancement in children suggest high-grade BSG.
Single-centre experience with the Impella CP, 5.0 and RP in 109 consecutive patients with profound cardiogenic shock
Authors: Jensen Peter Blom , Kann Sigrun Høegholm , Veien Karsten Tange , Møller-Helgestad Ole Kristian , Dahl Jordi Sanchez , Rud Charlotte Svejstrup , Jensen Marianne Kjær , Jensen Lisette Okkels , Schmidt Henrik , Møller Jacob Eifer
Published: November 2017

Rationale:

Short-term mechanical circulatory support is increasingly used in the management of cardiogenic shock, but data from controlled studies are sparse. Thus, real-life data on complication rates and predictors of adverse outcome are important.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to analyse the experience with Impella devices in the management of profound cardiogenic shock.

Methods and results:

A retrospective study of 109 consecutive patients with severe shock after myocardial infarction, acute heart failure, or cardiac surgery. Possible device-related complications were registered and predictors of death while on Impella support and within 180 days were identified. In 79 patients (72%) cardiogenic shock was caused by myocardial infarction, acute heart failure in 16 (15%) and post-cardiotomy shock in 14 patients (13%). Thirty-five patients (32%) were comatose after cardiac arrest and in seven, the Impella was placed during chest compression. Mean age was 62±12 years, mean arterial pressure was 57±13 mmHg, pH 7.19±0.17 and lactate 7.5±5.7 mmol/l (range 1.8–30.0 mmol/l) at placement. During Impella therapy, 26 patients (28%) died among patients with myocardial infarction or acute heart failure. Of data available prior to placement lactate (hazard ratio 1.14, 95% confidence interval 1.04–1.25, P=0.004) was the only predictor of death on support. During support, five patients (5%) developed leg ischaemia requiring intervention. Bleeding from the Impella insertion site was seen in 14 patients (13%).

Conclusion:

Impella treatment is feasible in profound cardiogenic shock at an acceptable rate of complications. Despite an aggressive approach to restore cardiac output, mortality was high. Besides the severity of lactic acidosis there were no strong predictors of early death.
Survey on the availability, price and affordability of selected essential medicines for non-communicable diseases in community pharmacies of Kathmandu valley
Authors: Shrestha Rajeev , Ghale Anish , Chapagain Bijay Raj , Gyawali Mahasagar , Acharya Trishna
Published: November 2017

Background:

The access to essential medicines for non-communicable disease treatment is unacceptably low worldwide. The fundamental right to health cannot be fulfilled without equitable access to essential medicines.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study was carried out in 94 community pharmacies of Kathmandu valley. Non-probability quota sampling method was adopted for the purpose. Village Development Committees with more than 5000 populations were included in the study. The availability of the selected essential medicines, their price and producer identity were observed. Data entry and analysis were carried out in Microsoft Excel and Statistical package for social science.

Result:

The availability of the essential medicines was not 100% in Kathmandu valley. High competition and high price variation were seen in metformin 500 mg (254.6%) and atorvastatin 10 mg (327.6%). The study showed that maximum (54.7%) brands were manufactured in Nepal. Furthermore, atorvastatin 10 mg (0.6 day wage) was found to be quite expensive, and glibenclamide 5 mg (0.1 day wage) was the cheapest one for diabetes mellitus treatment for 1 month of treatment period compared to daily wages of other essential medicines.

Conclusion:

The availability of the selected essential medicines was found to be ununiform and insufficient in the entire region. High competition was observed in the products with high price variation, and the access to cost-effective brand was poor. Furthermore, it was found that government salary is affordable to treat non-communicable disease with the help of the essential medicines.
Perceptions and attitudes of Chinese journalists about gender equality: A national survey
Authors: Chen Zhijuan
Published: November 2017

This study provides a contemporary portrait of Chinese journalists’ perceptions and attitudes about gender equality, including their perceptions and attitudes about gender/equality and the status of gender equality in China; attitudes about media and professional practices; journalists’ preference for news; journalists’ ideas about the influence of media content on audiences; the role of journalism in gender equality; gender-related training among journalists; and professional practices in representing gender and disseminating the ideas of gender equality. The survey shows that 83.2% of the respondents believe media can play an important role in promoting gender equality. Journalists’ perceptions and attitudes about gender equality are influenced by intertwining factors such as gender, professional practices, and the society. Given the likely bearing of these ideas and attitudes on their reporting, additional efforts are necessary to improve journalists’ gender/equality awareness and to disseminate the ideas of gender equality in the media in China.
The Right to Profitable Speech
Authors: Finlay Christopher J.
Published: November 2017

Social media has given athletes unprecedented voice and direct access to audiences. To analyze the influence of athletes in the production of mediasport narratives, the focus on mediasport interpellation theory is applied to athletes as both readers and producers of consumerist mediasport hails and is then explored in two case studies. During the 2012 Olympics, a band of athletes launched the #WeDemandChange campaign against Rule 40 of the Olympic Charter, which limits social media speech rights. This impedes financial opportunities because they are unable to blog and tweet about their sponsors if they are not also Olympic sponsors. In 2016, non-Olympic sponsors furthered anti-Rule 40 protests, positioning themselves as covictims. The 2012 and 2016 campaigns framed Rule 40 as a civil rights and speech advocacy issue; however, they primarily focused on building better market conditions for non-Olympic sponsors. In so doing, they obfuscated systemic conditions that contribute to the untenable financial situations described in the protests themselves. Ultimately, it is argued that athletes, as reader-producers who are hailed by and operate within the commercial mediasport complex, are subject to and perpetuate the interpellative power of mediasport and the consumerist ideology it supports.
Flying Solo: Globalization, Neoliberal Individualism, and the Contested Celebrity of Li Na
Authors: Pu Haozhou , Newman Joshua I. , Giardina Michael D.
Published: November 2017

In this article, we examine the local–global celebrity politics of former Chinese professional tennis player Li Na. We locate Li Na as representative of a growing class of Chinese celebrities who display both extraordinary popularity and enormous marketability. At the same time, Li Na’s noted “rebelliousness”—most especially her “fiery” personality and overt public repudiation of the Chinese communist state—has made her a deeply politicized if not polarizing figure. In this study, we position Li Na as a symbolic body characterized by professionalism, individualism, and commercialism within Chinese media. Further, we investigate the representation, mediation, and consumption of her unique celebrity identity and the cultural politics of the danfei (the “fly solo”) policy in resonance to the decentralization of state power in China. We conclude by suggesting that Li Na’s rebelliousness symbolizes the core values of a growing consensus for neoliberalism in China; that is, it is her rejection of being Chinese (state) that reestablishes herself as Chinese (autonomous), which signifies fundamental social transitions in China intertwined with the embracement of the global economy and a reimagination of the nation.
ESPN and the Hostile Media Effect
Authors: Clavio Galen , Vooris Ryan
Published: November 2017

Recent layoffs at sports media giant Entertainment and Sports Programming Network (ESPN) have caused some commentators to question whether the network’s forays into social and political commentary are at the heart of shrinking revenue streams. Several conservative political commentators have accused ESPN of a liberal bias in their recent coverage of social issues within and related to sport. This study examined the political perception of ESPN by audiences, by applying a perceptual theory of communication known as the hostile media effect. Prior research of the hostile media effect has found that audiences with strongly held beliefs subjectively perceive media bias relative to their own beliefs, whether or not any actual bias is being demonstrated by the media source in question. Through a nationwide survey, study subjects were asked about their political leanings, media consumption, and views on ESPN. Statistical analysis found that individuals with conservative political leanings were more likely than others to view ESPN as hostile to their political beliefs, and those who perceived ESPN as hostile media were less likely to trust ESPN to cover social and political issues fairly.
The Role of Sacral Slope in the Progression of a Bilateral Spondylolytic Defect at L5 to Spondylolisthesis: A Biomechanical Investigation Using Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Ramakrishna Vivek A. S. , Chamoli Uphar , Viglione Luke L. , Tsafnat Naomi , Diwan Ashish D.
Published: November 2017

Study Design:

A biomechanical study using finite element analysis.

Objectives:

The main objective of this study was to investigate the role of sacral slope in the progression of a L5 bilateral spondylolytic defect to spondylolisthesis.

Methods:

A 3-dimensional model of lumbosacral spine was built using computed tomography (CT) data procured from an anonymized healthy male subject. The segmented CT data was manipulated to generate 3 more models representing L5 bilateral spondylolytic defect with normal sacral slope (SS), sacral slope increased by 10° (SS+10), and sacral slope decreased by 10° (SS-10). The 3D models were imported into finite element modelling software Strand7 for preprocessing, running nonlinear static solves, and postprocessing of the results.

Results:

Directional biomechanical instabilities were induced in the lumbosacral spine as a result of changes in the L5-S1 disc shape secondary to the changes in sacral slope. Compared with the normal L5 lytic model, wedging of the L5-S1 disc (SS+10) resulted in a significantly greater range of motion in flexion (18% ↑) but extension motion characteristics were similar. Conversely, flattening of the L5-S1 disc (SS-10) resulted in a significantly greater range of motion in extension (16% ↑) but flexion motion characteristics were similar to that of the normal L5 lytic model.

Conclusions:

Variations in sacral slope while preserving the L5-S1 mid-disc height and orientation of the L5 vertebra resulted in variations in the L5-S1 disc shape. The results suggest that for such extremities in the L5-S1 disc shape different pathomechanisms exist for the progression of the L5 lytic defect to spondylolisthesis.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Elective Spine Surgery: National Prevalence and Inpatient Outcomes
Authors: Chung Andrew S. , DiGiovanni Ryan , Tseng Steve , Hustedt Joshua W. , Chutkan Norman
Published: November 2017

Study Design:

Retrospective cohort study.

Objectives:

Epidemiologic studies suggest that the prevalence of moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is increasing. OSA has been linked to increased rates of postoperative complications following surgery. Large studies, however, regarding surgical outcomes in this patient population, particularly in the spine literature, are limited. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of and postoperative risks conferred by OSA in the elective spine population.

Methods:

Using data from the National Inpatient Sample from 2008 to 2012, an estimated 56 372 (5.1%) patients with OSA undergoing elective cervical and thoracolumbar spine surgery were selected and compared to 1 052 837 patients without OSA undergoing the same procedures. Our primary outcome measures included postoperative complication rates, inpatient mortality, length of stay, and total hospital charges.

Results:

Patients with OSA were, on average 2.6 years older than those without OSA ( P < .001) and had a higher comorbidity burden. The prevalence of OSA increased between 2008 and 2012 from 3.5% to 6.8%; P < .001. OSA was associated with a 3-fold increase in major complications ( P < .001) and was confirmed as an independent risk factor for major complications based on multivariate analysis (odds ratio [OR] = 2.82; 95% CI = 2.59-2.79; P < .001). Rates of deep venous thrombosis were doubled in patients with OSA. OSA was determined to be an independent predictor of pulmonary complications (OR = 2.69; 95% CI = 2.59-2.79; P < .001). OSA did not increase the risk of postoperative mortality.

Conclusions:

Patients with OSA often have multiple concomitant comorbidities and consequently are at increased risk of experiencing a more difficult postoperative course following elective spine surgery. Specifically, increased risks of pulmonary complications and deep venous thrombosis should be anticipated.
A Comparison of Nonoperative and Operative Treatment of Complete Proximal Hamstring Ruptures
Authors: Shambaugh Braidy C. , Olsen Joshua R. , Lacerte Edward , Kellum Ethan , Miller Suzanne L.
Published: November 2017

Background:

The early repair of acute proximal hamstring ruptures provides better clinical results than delayed repair. However, it is unclear how nonoperative treatment compares with the operative treatment of these injuries.

Purpose:

To compare the clinical results of the nonoperative and operative treatment of acute proximal hamstring ruptures.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 25 patients with complete, retracted proximal hamstring ruptures presenting to 1 institution were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were given the option of proximal hamstring repair at the time of the initial evaluation. Patients with at least 12 months of follow-up from the time of surgery or injury were included in the evaluation. Both nonoperative and operative treatment groups were evaluated using the same outcome measures. The primary outcome measure was the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS). Secondary outcome measures included the Short Form–12 (SF-12) physical and mental component summaries, strength testing, a single-leg hop test, the patient’s perception of strength, and the ability to return to activity.

Results:

There were 11 patients treated nonoperatively, with a mean follow-up of 2.48 ± 3.66 years, and 14 patients treated operatively, with a mean follow-up of 3.56 ± 2.11 years. The mean LEFS scores for the nonoperative and operative groups were 68.50 ± 7.92 and 74.71 ± 5.38, respectively ( P = .07). No statistical differences were found between the groups regarding SF-12 scores and mean single-leg hop distance compared with the uninjured leg. Isometric testing of the injured hamstring in the nonoperative group demonstrated significant clinical weakness compared with the uninjured side at both 45° and 90° of flexion (57.54% ± 7.8% and 67.73% ± 18.8%, respectively). Isokinetic testing of the injured leg in the operative group demonstrated 90.87% ± 16.3% strength of the uninjured leg. All patients in the operative group were able to return to preinjury activities, whereas 3 patients in the nonoperative group were unable to return (chi-square = 4.33, P = .07).

Conclusion:

Patients with acute proximal hamstring ruptures treated surgically regained approximately 90% strength of the uninjured extremity and tended to have a greater likelihood of returning to preinjury activities than patients treated nonoperatively.
Factors Associated With Physician Loss in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Malpractice Lawsuits
Authors: Bokshan Steven L. , Ruttiman Roy , Eltorai Adam E.M. , DePasse J. Mason , Daniels Alan H. , Owens Brett D.
Published: November 2017

Background:

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is among the most common orthopaedic procedures, with its incidence doubling over the past decade. To date, no studies have analyzed litigation after ACL reconstruction.

Purpose:

To characterize the causes of malpractice litigation after ACL reconstruction.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Methods:

A retrospective review of malpractice lawsuits after ACL reconstruction was performed using VerdictSearch, a large legal claims database encompassing nearly 180,000 legal cases, from February 1988 to May 2015. Settlement rates and physician loss rates were calculated along with 95% CIs for each complication type, and analysis of variance was used to compare all indemnity payments.

Results:

Of a total 30 lawsuits, 5 (16.7%) settled out of court. The 3 most common complications leading to litigation were prolonged pain (n = 5, 16.7%), infection (n = 5, 16.7%), and malpositioned graft (n = 5, 16.7%). Of the 25 cases that went to court, 8 (32.0%) ended in favor of the plaintiff (physician loss). Damage to a neurovascular structure resulted in the highest indemnity payment (mean, $2,012,926 ± $1,076,530; P = .021). Lawsuits for which pain or loss of range of motion was the only complication were significantly more likely to end in a physician victory ( P = .04) and lower indemnity payments ($87,500 vs $678,715, respectively). Cases that involved a surgical technical error were more likely to result in a physician loss ( P = .01), with malpositioned grafts having a significantly higher loss rate than average (75% vs 32%, respectively).

Conclusion:

After ACL reconstruction, physicians are more likely to win malpractice suits if pain or limited range of motion is the only complaint and less likely to win if a surgical error was alleged. These findings may help to set patient expectations and provide adequate guidance during the informed consent process.
Older Adults More Likely to Discuss Advance Care Plans With an Attorney Than With a Physician
Authors: Bern-Klug Mercedes , Byram Elizabeth A.
Published: November 2017

Adults are encouraged to discuss their end-of-life health care preferences so that their wishes will be known and hopefully honored. The purpose of this study was to determine with whom older adults had communicated their future health care wishes and the extent to which respondents themselves were serving as a surrogate decision maker. Results from the cross-sectional online survey with 294 persons aged 50 and older reveal that among the married, over 80% had a discussion with their spouse and among those with an adult child, close to two thirds (64%) had. Over a third had discussed preferences with an attorney and 23% with a physician. Close to half were currently serving as a surrogate decision maker or had been asked to and had signed papers to formalize their role. 18% did not think that they were a surrogate but were not sure. More education is needed to emphasize the importance of advance care planning with a medical professional, especially for patients with advanced chronic illness. More education and research about the role of surrogate medical decision makers is called for.
Airway microbiota across age and disease spectrum in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Zemanick Edith T. , Wagner Brandie D. , Robertson Charles E. , Ahrens Richard C. , Chmiel James F. , Clancy John P. , Gibson Ronald L. , Harris William T. , Kurland Geoffrey , Laguna Theresa A. , McColley Susanna A. , McCoy Karen , Retsch-Bogart George , Sobush Kurtis T. , Zeitlin Pamela L. , Stevens Mark J. , Accurso Frank J. , Sagel Scott D. , Harris J. Kirk
Published: November 2017

Our objectives were to characterise the microbiota in cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and determine its relationship to inflammation and disease status.

BALF from paediatric and adult CF patients and paediatric disease controls undergoing clinically indicated bronchoscopy was analysed for total bacterial load and for microbiota by 16S rDNA sequencing.

We examined 191 BALF samples (146 CF and 45 disease controls) from 13 CF centres. In CF patients aged <2 years, nontraditional taxa (e.g.Streptococcus,PrevotellaandVeillonella) constituted ∼50% of the microbiota, whereas in CF patients aged ≥6 years, traditional CF taxa (e.g.Pseudomonas,StaphylococcusandStenotrophomonas) predominated. Sequencing detected a dominant taxon not traditionally associated with CF (e.g.StreptococcusorPrevotella) in 20% of CF BALF and identified bacteria in 24% of culture-negative BALF. Microbial diversity and relative abundance ofStreptococcus,PrevotellaandVeillonellawere inversely associated with airway inflammation. Microbiota communities were distinct in CF compared with disease controls, but did not differ based on pulmonary exacerbation status in CF.

The CF microbiota detected in BALF differs with age. In CF patients aged <2 years,Streptococcuspredominates, whereas classic CF pathogens predominate in most older children and adults.
Testing the implementation and sustainment facilitation (ISF) strategy as an effective adjunct to the Addiction Technology Transfer Center (ATTC) strategy: study protocol for a cluster randomized trial
Authors: Garner Bryan R. , Zehner Mark , Roosa Mathew R. , Martino Steve , Gotham Heather J. , Ball Elizabeth L. , Stilen Patricia , Speck Kathryn , Vandersloot Denna , Rieckmann Traci R. , Chaple Michael , Martin Erika G. , Kaiser David , Ford James H.
Published: November 2017

Background

Improving the extent to which evidence-based practices (EBPs)—treatments that have been empirically shown to be efficacious or effective—are integrated within routine practice is a well-documented challenge across numerous areas of health. In 2014, the National Institute on Drug Abuse funded a type 2 effectiveness–implementation hybrid trial titled the substance abuse treatment to HIV Care (SAT2HIV) Project. Aim 1 of the SAT2HIV Project tests the effectiveness of a motivational interviewing-based brief intervention (MIBI) for substance use as an adjunct to usual care within AIDS service organizations (ASOs) as part of its MIBI Experiment. Aim 2 of the SAT2HIV Project tests the effectiveness of implementation and sustainment facilitation (ISF) as an adjunct to the Addiction Technology Transfer Center (ATTC) model for training staff in motivational interviewing as part of its ISF Experiment. The current paper describes the study protocol for the ISF Experiment.

Methods

Using a cluster randomized design, case management and leadership staff from 39 ASOs across the United States were randomized to receive either the ATTC strategy (control condition) or the ATTC + ISF strategy (experimental condition). The ATTC strategy is staff-focused and includes 10 discrete strategies (e.g., provide centralized technical assistance, conduct educational meetings, provide ongoing consultation). The ISF strategy is organization-focused and includes seven discrete strategies (e.g., use an implementation advisor, organize implementation team meetings, conduct cyclical small tests of change). Building upon the exploration–preparation–implementation–sustainment (EPIS) framework, the effectiveness of the ISF strategy is examined via three staff-level measures: (1) time-to-proficiency (i.e., preparation phase outcome), (2) implementation effectiveness (i.e., implementation phase outcome), and (3) level of sustainment (i.e., sustainment phase outcome).

Discussion

Although not without limitations, the ISF experiment has several strengths: a highly rigorous design (randomized, hypothesis-driven), high-need setting (ASOs), large sample size (39 ASOs), large geographic representation (23 states and the District of Columbia), and testing along multiple phases of the EPIS continuum (preparation, implementation, and sustainment). Thus, study findings will significantly improve generalizable knowledge regarding the best preparation, implementation, and sustainment strategies for advancing EBPs along the EPIS continuum. Moreover, increasing ASO’s capacity to address substance use may improve the HIV Care Continuum.

Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03120598.
Students in Fully Online Programs Report More Positive Attitudes toward Science Than Students in Traditional, In-Person Programs
Authors: Perera Viranga , Mead Chris , Buxner Sanlyn , Lopatto David , Horodyskyj Lev , Semken Steven , Anbar Ariel D.
Published: November 2017

Following the growth of online, higher-education courses, academic institutions are now offering fully online degree programs. Yet it is not clear how students who enroll in fully online degree programs are similar to those students who enroll in in-person (“traditional”) degree programs. Because previous work has shown students’ attitudes toward science can affect their performance in a course, it is valuable to ask how attitudes toward science differ between these two populations. We studied students who completed a fully online astrobiology course. In an analysis of 451 student responses to the Classroom Undergraduate Research Experience survey, we found online program students began the course with a higher scientific sophistication and a higher sense of personal value of science than those in traditional programs. Precourse attitudes also showed some predictive power of course grades among online students, but not for traditional students. Given established relationships between feelings of personal value, intrinsic motivation, and, in turn, traits such as persistence, our results suggest that open-ended or exploration-based learning may be more engaging to online program students due to their pre-existing attitudes. The converse may also be true, that certain pre-existing attitudes among online program students are more detrimental than they are for traditional program students.
The Relative Effect of Team-Based Learning on Motivation and Learning: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective
Authors: Jeno Lucas M. , Raaheim Arild , Kristensen Sara Madeleine , Kristensen Kjell Daniel , Hole Torstein Nielsen , Haugland Mildrid J. , Mæland Silje
Published: November 2017

We investigate the effects of team-based learning (TBL) on motivation and learning in a quasi-experimental study. The study employs a self-determination theory perspective to investigate the motivational effects of implementing TBL in a physiotherapy course in higher education. We adopted a one-group pretest–posttest design. The results show that the students’ intrinsic motivation, identified regulation, perceived competence, and perceived autonomy support significantly increased going from lectures to TBL. The results further show that students’ engagement and perceived learning significantly increased. Finally, students’ amotivation decreased from pretest to posttest; however, students reported higher external regulation as a function of TBL. Path analysis shows that increases in intrinsic motivation, perceived competence, and external regulation positively predict increases in engagement, which in turn predict increases in perceived learning. We argue that the characteristics of TBL, as opposed to lectures, are likely to engage students and facilitate feelings of competence. TBL is an active-learning approach, as opposed to more passive learning in lectures, which might explain the increase in students’ perception of teachers as autonomy supportive. In contrast, the greater demands TBL puts on students might account for the increase in external regulation. Limitations and practical implications of the results are discussed.
Building Better Bridges into STEM: A Synthesis of 25 Years of Literature on STEM Summer Bridge Programs
Authors: Ashley Michael , Cooper Katelyn M. , Cala Jacqueline M. , Brownell Sara E.
Published: November 2017

Summer bridge programs are designed to help transition students into the college learning environment. Increasingly, bridge programs are being developed in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines because of the rigorous content and lower student persistence in college STEM compared with other disciplines. However, to our knowledge, a comprehensive review of STEM summer bridge programs does not exist. To provide a resource for bridge program developers, we conducted a systematic review of the literature on STEM summer bridge programs. We identified 46 published reports on 30 unique STEM bridge programs that have been published over the past 25 years. In this review, we report the goals of each bridge program and whether the program was successful in meeting these goals. We identify 14 distinct bridge program goals that can be organized into three categories: academic success goals, psychosocial goals, and department-level goals. Building on the findings of published bridge reports, we present a set of recommendations for STEM bridge programs in hopes of developing better bridges into college.
Supply Chain Management measurement and its influence on Operational Performance
Authors: Miguel Priscila Laczynski de Souza , Brito Luiz Artur Ledur
Published: November 2017

This paper empirically confirmed a positive relationship between Supply Chain Management (SCM) and operational performance. A measurement model of the SCM construct was developed. Operational performance was conceptualized using competitive priorities literature with four dimensions: cost, quality, flexibility and delivery. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze a sample of 103 companies, in Brazil. Results showed positive effects of SCM on all performance dimensions, offering further support for the cumulative capabilities perspective. We also found evidence of an operational competence construct mediating the effect of SCM on performance, supported conceptually by the resource-based and relational views of strategy.
ASSESSMENT OF THE BRAZILIAN CASH OPERATION THROUGH THE APPROACH OF SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY CHAINS
Authors: Okino Daniel de Almeida , Cattini Junior Orlando
Published: November 2017

The Brazilian cash logistics operation is sustained by one of the country's major supply chains and involves the flow of notes and coins between banks, various players of the economy and the population as a whole. Due to its dimension and geographic range, this chain produces a significant carbon footprint. The present study seeks to further explore the cash logistics operation using the sustainable supply chain approach, thus analyzing the chain framework and its management and suggesting improvements to be implemented as a means of reducing the equivalent carbon emission of this chain. As a final conclusion, it is observed that the use of environmental measures to monitor and assess the global impact of the cash supply chain management framework is still very limited.
Valuation of intangible assets and intellectual property
Authors: Федотова Марина , Fyedotova Marina , Леонтьев Борис , Leontev Boris , Мамаджанов Хамид , Mamadzhanov Hamid , Лосева Ольга , Loseva Ol'ga , Игнатов Евгений , Ignatov Evgeniy , Тазихина Татьяна , Tazikhina Tatyana , Сычева Екатерина , Sycheva Ekaterina , Леонтьева Валерия , Leont'eva Valeriya
Published: November 2017

The textbook examines the concepts and types of intangible assets (NMA) and objects of intellectual property (IP), information and regulatory framework for their identification and evaluation. Approaches and methods for estimating NMA and IP in each approach are given, examples are given of the determination of the value of HMA and IP by various methods. The requirements for the evaluation report on HMA and IP are described, and an example of the report on the evaluation of trademarks is analyzed. At the end of each section, control questions and practice-oriented tasks are presented.
It meets the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education of the latest generation.
It is intended for bachelors studying in the field of Economics, as well as for masters, postgraduates, teachers, researchers and specialists in the field of appraisal activity.
Smart or Diverse Start-up Teams? Evidence from a Field Experiment
Authors: Hoogendoorn Sander , Parker Simon C. , van Praag Mirjam
Published: November 2017

This paper explores the relationship between cognitive abilities and team performance in a start-up setting. We argue that performance in this setting hinges on three tasks: opportunity recognition, problem solving, and implementation. We theorize that cognitive ability at the individual level has a positive effect on opportunity recognition and problem solving but no clear effect on implementation. Within teams, a combination of higher and lower cognitive ability levels may be productive insofar as some individuals can be assigned to mundane tasks (that are often involved in implementation), while others can be assigned to tasks that impose a greater cognitive load (problem solving or opportunity recognition). We present the results of a field experiment in which 573 students in 49 teams started up and managed real companies. We ensured exogenous variation in—otherwise random—team composition by assigning students to teams based on their measured cognitive abilities. Each team performed a variety of tasks, often involving complex decision making. The key result of the experiment is that the performance of start-up teams first increases and then decreases with ability dispersion. Strikingly, average team ability is not related to team performance.
Give it some natural shine
Authors: Brodie Kathy
Published: November 2017

December is the month for glitter and sparkle. There are times, however, when the scent and form of natural objects and decorations shine out. There is a wide choice of items available, from materials that are free to gather outdoors, to more expensive decorations, or those that you can modify to meet your needs. By Kathy Brodie.
Why is Dylan clumsy?
Authors: Miller Hilda
Published: November 2017

SENCO Hilda Miller advises a practitioner who suspects a child in her nursery might have dyspraxia. While this condition is becoming more common, there could be many other factors which can contribute to a child appearing to have problems with physical co-ordination and age-appropriate tasks.
Use sand and water to create your own riverside
Authors: McKeown Sal
Published: November 2017

Whether it is splashing, patting, pouring or packing – sand and water play provides endless possibilities for learning. Sal McKeown considers a range of resources that will ensure the fun and new ideas keep flowing.
Get street-wise
Authors: Hewson Claire
Published: November 2017

Keeping safe outdoors and knowing what to do in an emergency are skills that should be learnt as early as possible. Through role play, discussion and videos, children can absorb key messages.
With feeling…
Authors: Clarke Jenni
Published: November 2017

The final article in Jenni Clarke's three-part series on exploring emotions looks at how feelings can be expressed through action nursery rhymes, bringing story telling and movement together.
Lunate morphology as a risk factor of idiopathic ulnar impaction syndrome
Authors: Park J. H. , Jang W. Y. , Kwak D. H. , Park J. W.
Published: November 2017

Aims

Positive ulnar variance is an established risk factor for idiopathic ulnar impaction syndrome (UIS). However, not all patients with positive ulnar variance develop symptomatic UIS and other factors, including the morphology of the lunate, may be involved. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between lunate morphology and idiopathic UIS.

Patients and Methods

A cohort of 95 patients with idiopathic UIS (UIS group) was compared with 95 asymptomatic controls with positive ulnar variance. The shape of the lunate was measured using the capitate-triquetrum distance (CTD), ulnar coverage ratio (UCR), radiolunate distance and radiolunate angle. The association of radiographic parameters and lunate types with the development of UIS was investigated in univariable and multivariable analyses. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to estimate a cutoff for any statistically significant variables.

Results

The proportion of type II lunates, which have a medial hamate facet, were significantly higher in the UIS group than in the control group in the univariable analysis (p = 0.001). CTD (odds ratio (OR) 1.52; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11 to 2.06; p = 0.008) and UCR (OR 44.78; 95% CI 5.35 to 374.90; p = 0.002) showed a positive association with UIS in the multivariable analysis. Estimated cutoff values were 2.5 mm for the CTD (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.65) and 0.4 for the UCR (AUC = 0.64).

Conclusion

The proportion of type II lunates was greater in the UIS group than in the control group. A large UCR, which represents the broad base of the lunate, was positively associated with the development of idiopathic UIS. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1508–14.