bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dentinal Defects Induced by Offset and Alternating Contact Endodontic Rotary Files
Authors: Abass Abeer A. , Fadhil Haidar T. , Albaaj Firas S. O.
Published: July 2022

Objective:

Dentinal defects during root canal preparation could lead to treatment failure and tooth extraction. Many rotary files are manufactured with asymmetric cross sections or alternating cutting edges to minimize contact with the canal wall. Decreasing contacts may generate low stresses and, hence, fewer dental defects during root canal instrumentation. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of dentinal defects induced by ProTaper Next, Wave One Gold (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), and iRace (FKG Dentaire SA, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland) in comparison to the symmetric file HyFlex CM (Coltene-Whaledent, Allstetten, Switzerland).

Materials and Methods:

Sixty extracted single-rooted premolars with round canals were selected for this study. All teeth were decoronated and divided into four experimental groups according to the tested file systems. In each group, 15 canals were prepared with the crown down technique using a speed and torque recommended by manufacturers. The root samples were then sectioned horizontally at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex and examined under a stereomicroscope to evaluate the presence or absence of dentinal defects. Data were statistically analyzed with SPSS software using a chi-square test.

Results:

Dentinal defects were observed at all canal levels following all methods of instrumentation. ProTaper Next showed the lowest values of dentinal defects, whereas Hyflex CM displayed the highest values.

Conclusion:

Files with few contacts with the canal wall decreased the number of dentinal defects compared to the HyFlex CM file, with a nonsignificant difference being observed.
Comparison of Fracture Resistance of the Endodontically Treated Roots with Two Sealer Types
Authors: Hajihassani Neda , Heidari Soolmaz , Ghanati Mohammad , Mohammadi Navid
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

This study aimed to compare the fracture resistance using a bioceramic sealer and an epoxy resin-based sealer.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred maxillary central incisors were randomly assigned to three experimental groups: AH Plus sealer using the single-cone technique, AH Plus sealer using the lateral compaction technique, SureSeal Root sealer, and two positive and negative control groups. Then the fracture resistance of the prepared tooth roots was determined. The data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey Post Hoc tests.

Results:

There were statistically significant differences between the five study groups (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the negative control and Sureseal groups (P = 0.183). There were significant differences between the SureSeal and AH Plus groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

SureSeal Root sealer significantly increased the fracture resistance of the teeth compared to AH Plus sealer.
Analysis of Therapy by Means of Gallium Aluminum Arsenide Laser During Orthodontic Tooth Movement
Authors: Giudice Antonino Lo , Palazzo Giuseppe , Campagna Paola , Fichera Grazia , Isola Gaetano
Published: July 2022

Indroduction:

Preliminary evidence have shown that low intensity laser therapy is able to increase the rate of tooth movement. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of gallium aluminum arsenide (GaAlAs) laser therapy in the enhancement of speed of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in a clinical protocol.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty-six upper canines were analyzed on 18 enrolled patients. On all experimental canine, an orthodontic force of 40 g/side was applied by a nickel-titanium closed coil spring. Using a split mouth randomized design, the test side was treated using a diode laser operating at a wavelength of 780 nm in continuous wave mode with flattop handpiece (20 mW output power, dose of 5 J/cm2, and exposure time of 10 seconds) (test side) at baseline and at 7, 14, and 28 days and every 14 days until the space closure. On the control side, selected teeth were only tractionated. The primary outcome was the overall time needed to complete leveling and closing space, measured on study cast. The secondary outcome was the evaluation of pain levels related to tooth traction, evaluated using a visual analogue scale (VAS).

Results:

The test side showed a significant reduced overall time needed for tooth space closure (at 7 and 14 days) and less VAS score (P < 0.001) compared to control side. Conclusion: This study shows that the use of low-level laser therapy by means of GaAlAs laser was effective for accelerating tooth movement and reducing pain levels related to OTM.
Platelet Count Estimation on Peripheral Smear
Authors: Tiwari Arnav , Pal Shweta , Singh Neha , Anthony Michael Leonard , Chowdhury Nilotpal , Rao Shalinee
Published: July 2022

Context:

Automated cell counters have revolutionised laboratory medicine and are being used worldwide. They give accurate results, can run large number of samples and generate accurate results within a short span of time. Quality check procedures in this equipment ensure accuracy of results. However, for platelet counts, the pathologist is still dependent on confirming the results by manual methods, especially in situations of low platelet count and flagging by the electronic counter. Different laboratories use different methods for manual estimation of platelet counts.

Aims:

This study was done to compare the platelet counts assessed on peripheral smear examination by different multiplication factors, and to identify the multiplication factor which derives the most accurate platelet count.

Settings and Design:

This was an observational study.

Methods:

Peripheral smears prepared from 100 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-anticoagulated blood samples were manually examined under oil immersion field (OIF) for platelets. Platelet count was further calculated by multiplying the number of platelets per OIF using multiplication factors of 10,000, 15,000 and 20,000. This was compared with platelet (PLT)/red blood cell (RBC) method and automated platelet counts. Accuracy of various manual methods was evaluated by calculating the per cent difference of the methods with automated analyser counts.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Descriptive statistics was used for statistical analysis.

Results:

Manual platelet count estimation on peripheral smear employing multiplication factor of 15,000 was found to have comparable accuracy to analyser counts, followed by the PLT/RBC ratio method.

Conclusions:

This study confirms that for manual estimation of platelet counts on peripheral smear, a standard multiplication factor of 15,000 on OIF gives the most accurate result, which is closest to counts obtained by automated analysers.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 – A Surge of CoronaVirus Disease-2019
Authors: Duraisamy Saikeerthana , Santhosh A. , Anushkannan N. K. , Saisadan D.
Published: July 2022

Context:

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing pneumonia-like cluster syndrome which originated in Wuhan city of China and is still now on escalation, causing severe outbreaks all over the world. Being a ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus which has the low proofreading RNA-dependent RNA polymerase leads to many mutations and that serves as the major cause for the progress of the disease. As per the recent research works done, 99% of COVID-19 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) are due to pangolin-associated coronavirus which causes the super spreading events of coronavirus. SARS-CoV-2 was identified in the nasopharyngeal swabs received in the viral transport medium at optimum temperature.

Materials and Methods:

The tests were conducted for a time period of 1 year from July 2020 to June 2021. A total of 77,824 samples were tested in the laboratory as per ICMR guidelines using approved RNA extraction kits and polymerase chain reaction kits.

Results:

In the total of 77,824 samples tested in our laboratory, 14174 positives were identified. In that, about seven positive cases (0.004%) were identified in the month of July 2020 which increased to the maximum in September 2020 to about 865 positive cases (6%) which is the peak of first wave COVID-19 in Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu. Out of 77,824 samples tested, the actual cumulative laboratory-confirmed positive cases of about 14174 were identified. In that, 7731 (55%) male positive cases were identified, 6171 (43%) female positive cases were identified, and 270 (2%) children who were below 12 years of age also were tested positive.

Conclusions:

The findings of the study indicated a high predominance of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the male gender population when compared to females and children below 12 years of age in Coimbatore district as of June 2021. The surge of cases was high in September 2020 as well as in May 2021, indicating the first and second wave of COVID-19.
COVID Infections Breakthrough Post-Vaccination
Authors: Ali Syed Amaan , Bhattacharyya Shyamalima , Ahmad Faisal Noor , Tiwari Rahul V. C. , Jain Teerthesh , Baad Shrusti Rajendra , Tiwari Heena Dixit
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Many new variants of the coronavirus are infecting the already vaccinated people. There have been reports of deaths also among the already vaccinated subjects. Hence, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the infection breakthrough after COVID vaccination.

Materials and Methods:

We piloted a review of the healthcare workers who completed the vaccination for COVID. The data were collected from the online resources for the breakthrough infections after vaccination. We then enumerated those subjects who had a breakthrough infection post-vaccination. The data collected were meta-analyzed for the incidence of the infection among the vaccinated individuals.

Results:

We observed that among nearly 2.3 lakh subjects, less than 3% were infected with the various new strains of the virus. The ratio of the breakthrough infection was different for the vaccinated (1.2%) and the partially vaccinated (3.2%) individuals with greater infection among the partially infected individuals.

Discussion:

The breakthrough infections are very low among vaccinated individuals and even lower among fully vaccinated individuals. Hence, vaccination is highly recommended to prevent the loss of life.
PCR-based Evaluation of Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Oral Lichen Planus
Authors: Vijayan Aswathy K. , Muthukrishnan Arvind , Nair Aparna M. , Fathima Shabna , Nair Pratheeksha V. , Roshan John
Published: July 2022

Objective:

The objective of the study was to use polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to examine and compare the genotype distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) in oral lichen planus (OLP).

Materials and Methods:

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from 20 OLP biopsy specimens. Conventional PCR assay employing consensus HPV primers was used to identify HPV DNA. Positive PCR samples were then subjected to PCR assay with HPV type-specific primers.

Results:

Out of the total 20 OLP specimens evaluated, eight samples (40%) were positive for HPV. Females had a 41.7% higher HPV-positive rate than males. The most common type in the HPV type-specific PCR assay was HPV-18 (75%), which is a high-risk type of HPV linked to malignant diseases. The erosive kind of OLP had the greatest percentage of HPV positives (50%).

Conclusion:

The present study confirms the detection of HPV in OLP lesions, as determined by PCR-coupled HPV gene sequencing, as well as its likely mechanism of malignant transformation.
An In Vitro Trial to Estimate the Retention Ability of Luting Agents Utilized with Dental Implant-Supported Prosthesis
Authors: Ahsan Aasia , Khushboo B , Kumar Ashish , Kumari Sweta , Poojary Bharathi , Dixit Arti , Kumar Amit , Badiyani Bhumika Kamal
Published: July 2022

Aim:

The trial's goal was to assess the retentiveness of specially formulated implant cement besides comparing it to dental cements that are widely utilized by means of implant systems.

Materials and Procedures:

Twenty implant analogs were implanted in auto-polymerizing acrylic resin blocks and bonded to titanium abutments. Fifty uniform copings were waxed and cast unswervingly onto the abutment. (1) Resin-bonded zinc oxide eugenol cement, (2) purposefully designed implant cement, (3) zinc phosphate cement, (4) zinc polycarboxylate cement, and (5) glass ionomer cement were the cements used. Following cementation, each sample was pulled out by utilizing a widespread testing machine, and the stresses necessary to confiscate the crowns were recorded. The ANOVA and Bonferroni tests were used to examine the mean values and standard deviations of cement failure loads.

Results:

Zinc polycarboxylate cement had the peak mean cement failure load, followed by glass ionomer cement. Zinc phosphate cement had the next highest mean cement failure load, followed by resin-bonded zinc oxide eugenol cement. The mean cement failure load for Premier implant cement was the lowest. The difference in mean cement failure loads across the groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

The findings do not imply that one type of cement is superior to another, but they do present a ranking directive of cements based on their capacity to maintain the prosthesis and facilitate retrievability.
Comparative Study of the Efficacy of Advanced Platelet-rich Fibrin and Standard Platelet-rich Fibrin in Mandibular Third Molar Surgery
Authors: Riaz Rahim , Radhakrishnan Mensudar , Perumal Jayavelu
Published: July 2022

Background:

Disimpaction of mandibular of third molar is one of the commonest minor oral surgical procedures. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) plays a vital role in both hard and soft tissue healing. There are various subtypes of PRF used for different surgical sites.

Objective:

The purpose of this study is to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of Advanced PRF (A-PRF) and Standard PRF (S-PRF) in the healing process of the surgical sites after the removal of mandibular third molars. Changes in swelling, pain, and mouth opening were evaluated.

Materials and Methods:

10 patients (3 men, 7 women; 18–35 years old) were selected for the removal of bilateral impacted mandibular third molar teeth. A-PRF and S-PRF were placed in the right-hand side for 5 patients in each group. In both the groups, the left side of the patients was taken as the control group. Postoperative pain was measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS), postoperative swelling was calculated using the distance between multiple facial landmarks (method) and mouth opening measured interincisally on the 1st postoperative day, 3rd day, and the 7th day, respectively. SPSS version 26.0 was used for data analysis.

Results:

Advanced PRF group recorded noteworthy improvement in pain (P = 0.063), swelling (P = 0.001), and mouth opening (P = 0.013) when compared to the standard PRF group. There was statistically substantial variance between the advanced PRF and standard PRF groups.

Conclusion:

Advanced PRF group showed decreased swelling, pain, and increased mouth opening compared to standard PRF group.
Manual and Powered Toothbrushing Effectiveness on Autistic Children's Oral Hygiene Status
Authors: Pawar Madhura , Kasuhal Drishti , Kakti Ateet , Alshammari Fahad , Alshammari Meshal Fawaz , Dixit Shweta , Alibrahim Wesam Yousef
Published: July 2022

Background:

Autistic children want a lot of help cleaning their teeth and they have a higher risk of periodontal disorder and less caries than the general public. The study's purpose is to see how helpful manual and powered toothbrushing are for autistic kids aged 6–12 years.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 40 autistic children aged 6–12 years were chosen at random from Mangalore city schools. The simplified oral hygiene index was used to determine the baseline oral health (OHI-S). Children were split into two classes during an oral review. Children in Group 1 received a manual toothbrush, and those in Group 2 received a powered toothbrush. Many of the children were given Colgate fluoride-free toothpaste. Under the guidance of care professionals, children were taught to brush for 3 min. They were taught to count from 1 to 20 when brushing each buccal and lingual section. The index was rechecked at the conclusion of the 1st month (30th day) and the next month (3rd month) (90th day). On the 60th day, the recently learned techniques were reinforced (end of the 2nd month).

Result:

In Group 1, a statistically significant reduction in mean OHI-S scores was observed in baseline versus 30 days and baseline versus 90 days, while in Group 2, a statistically highly significant reduction in baseline versus 30 days, baseline versus 90 days, and 30 days versus 90 days was observed.

Conclusion:

Furthermore, in autism children, powered teeth brushing shows potential. Long-term follow-up and greater sample size are, however, needed.
Digital Smile Design
Authors: Thomas Priya Ann , Krishnamoorthi Divya , Mohan Jayashree , Raju Ramesh , Rajajayam Sasikala , Venkatesan Sashikant
Published: July 2022

One of the important ways of social interaction is through verbal and nonverbal communication. The human face is capable of eliciting multi-response according to the situation; amongst them, a smile plays a significant effect in relaying a positive communication that can immensely influence societal outcomes. An important part of dental treatment is to restore the tooth to functionality and to esthetically rehabilitate it, which forms the core of esthetic dentistry. Modern advancements have led us to various esthetic treatment options. Recently, due to the boom of information technology, we are progressing into the digital age where everything has almost been made through computers and the internet. In the dental field, advanced software is being used to modify and create smiles, thereby completely revolutionizing esthetic dentistry. Digital smile design is a recently introduced concept and software which analyzes the smile of an individual through various input scanners and photographs. They provide a plethora of solutions and predictions as to how the smile can be designed, to the point it can pinpoint minor corrections. Here, we discuss the importance of smiles and the analysis using digital smile design.
Assessment of Role of Complete Dentures in Improving the Chewing Efficiency of Edentulous Patients
Authors: Kumari Subham , Khushboo B , Arvind Ananya , Singh Sarita , Ahsan Aasia , Singh Chintu K.
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

The loss of teeth leads to difficulty in chewing and smiling and an unesthetic appearance. The present study assessed the role of complete dentures in improving the chewing efficiency of edentulous patients.

Materials and Methods:

Eighty-two complete denture wearers of age group 40–75 years of both genders were enrolled in the study. The chewing efficiency of denture was determined by VMM machine. Patients were provided with the self- administered questionnaire and were advised to answer.

Results:

Out of 82 patients, there were 42 (51.2%) males and 40 (48.8%) females. The mean ± SD particle size was found to be 0.12 ± 0.07 mm in males and 0.13 ± 0.06 mm in females. A non-significant difference was observed (P > 0.05). The mean ± SD satisfaction level value was 1.28 ± 0.07.

Conclusion:

There was improved chewing efficiency with the complete denture, and the patient satisfaction level was high among patients.
Mouth Breathing and Speech Disorders
Authors: Alhazmi Waleed A.
Published: July 2022

Objective:

The objective of the study was to determine the most common speech impairments among mouth breathing (MB) children and to assess the relationship between them in terms of etiology, gender, clinical symptoms, clinical findings, and dental traits.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 498 mouth-breathers, both male and female, aged 9–17 years, were screened for allergic rhinitis (AR), adenoid hypertrophy (AH), and/or functional mouth breathing (FM). The subjects were assessed by a team that included an otorhinolaryngologist, an allergologist, an orthodontist, and a speech pathologist.

Results:

MB was associated with AR, AH, FM, and orofacial myofunctional disorders (OMD). AR was the most common etiology, followed by FM. Further, 81.7% of the children had speech disorders such as speech sound problems, fluency disorders, and voice disorders. A statistically significant association was found between etiology, OMD, and speech alterations. Males had a statistically highly significant frequency of speech abnormalities than females. Frontal lisp was found in 36.1%, followed by stuttering (19.2%). In 10.6% of the children, two or more speech impediments occurred simultaneously. There was also a statistically significant association between various speech abnormalities and malocclusion.

Conclusion:

The findings of the study suggested that articulation disorders were frequently associated with MB children. It emphasizes the necessity of monitoring MB children through a multidisciplinary approach to prevent the adverse effects of MB and improve the overall development of individuals.
Efficacy of the Atraumatic Physics Forceps Over Conventional Extraction Forceps in Extraction of Tooth—Does it Offer an Alternative in All Types of Extraction or Only can be Used in Few Selected Types of Extraction
Authors: Laskar Shyamalendu , Singh Mamta , Suman Anshika , Sahu Satyajit , Mishra Bibhu P. , Sahoo Abhijeeta
Published: July 2022

We conducted this study to evaluate the efficacy of physics forceps in dental extractions as compared with conventional forceps and as well as to evaluate its atraumatic point of view.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 200 healthy adult patients were included in the study who reported for dental extractions, divided into two groups each containing 100 patients. The patients were randomly allocated into either group by lottery method.

Results:

Operating time in the physics forceps group was found to be significantly reduced as well as lesser incidence of dry socket was noted which was statistically significant on the 2nd day postoperatively. However, incidence of root fracture, buccal plate fracture, and gingival lacerations were not found to be statistically significant but their occurrence was less in the physics forceps group as compared with the conventional forceps group.

Conclusion:

To conclude, we can say that extractions done by physics forceps results in significant reduction in unnecessary trauma as well as stress to both the operator and patient. The forceps is an atraumatic extraction system which is a boon for the profession, thereby reducing ridge deformities and preparing the patients for future prosthesis.
A National Survey Evaluating the Knowledge and Attitude of Health-Care Workers of Saudi Arabia about Coronavirus Infection
Authors: Agarwal Poonam , Puttalingaiah Vinuth Dhundanalli , Srivastava Kumar Chandan , Alanazi Sarah Hatab , Sghaireen Mohammed Ghazi , Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Shrivastava Deepti
Published: July 2022

Background and Objectives:

Health-care workers (HCWs) are playing an instrumental role in combating coronavirus infection (COVID-19). While rendering their services, they also run the risk of cross-contamination. Hence, it is important to evaluate and correlate the knowledge and attitude of HCWs of Saudi Arabia about COVID-19.

Materials and Methods:

A prospective, nationwide, questionnaire-based survey was conducted after getting the approval from the institutional ethical board. A validated and reliable questionnaire was constructed, developed on the Qualtrics software, and circulated through an electronic medium across the country. The questionnaire had a total of 29 questions regarding knowledge and attitude about COVID-19. Through convenience sampling, the data were collected from a total sample of 1553 HCWs. Based on the primary area of expertise, the sample was categorized into three study groups with 1040 medical health-care professionals (MHCPs) (Group I), 318 dental health-care professionals (DHCPs) (Group II), and 195 allied health-care professionals (AHCPs) (Group III). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was done using SPSS v. 21, where P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

Female HCWs (P = 0.003) were shown to have a higher (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.46; confidence interval [CI]: 1.19–1.79) risk of inadequate knowledge in comparison to male HCWs. With respect to qualification, HCWs with doctorate qualification (P = 0.005) (aOR: 0.39; CI: 0.2–0.75) had shown to have adequate knowledge compared to their counterparts. AHCPs were shown inadequate knowledge (P < 0.001; aOR: 2.36; CI: 1.65–3.38), but adequate attitude (P < 0.001; aOR: 0.13; CI: 0.09–0.2) compared to MHCPs and DHCPs.

Conclusion:

MHCPs were shown to have the most appropriate level of knowledge, whereas AHCPs outscore other counterparts of HCWs with respect to attitude toward COVID-19. Emphasis should be directed to the whole community of HCWs in enhancing their awareness and practice attitude toward the novel infection of COVID-19.
A Study to Evaluate Il1 And Il6 Gingival Crevicular Fluid Levels in Adolescents and Young Adults During the Early Phase of Orthodontic Tooth Movement
Authors: Kumar Barun D. , Singh Neha , Verma Santosh K. , Singh Sneha , Thakur Sneha
Published: July 2022

Background:

Evaluating the biomarkers during orthodontic therapy allows us to monitor the effectiveness of the treatment, anticipate the future outcome, and also individualize the treatment according to the response of tissue to different force intensities. The crevicular fluid analysis is a valuable diagnostic method that can be used to examine noninvasive cellular metabolic activity. The goal of this study was to compare the levels of interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of clinically healthy adolescents and young adults throughout orthodontic treatment.

Methods:

GCF was obtained from 20 orthodontic patients ranging in age from 11 to 28 years old. Measurements were done before (T0) and after (T24) the activation of distalization forces (T1). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing was used to look at IL-1 and IL-6. Two-sided t-tests were utilized as statistical testing.

Results:

The crevicular fluid rate (0.57 L at T0 vs. 0.95 L at T1, P = 0.001) and IL-1 levels (15.67 pg/L at T0 vs. 27.94 pg/L at T1, P = 0.009) both increased significantly between the two time periods. Only a third of the sites tested positive for IL-6. At T1, adolescents have a considerably higher amount of IL than young adults (42.96 pg/L vs. 17.93 pg/L, P = 0.006).

Conclusion:

Adolescent periodontal tissues are more susceptible to orthodontic forces than young adult periodontal tissues in the early stages of orthodontic treatment.
Comparison of Ozonated Olive Oil and Chlorhexidine Gel as an Adjunct to Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy for the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Nambiar Shruthi , Malothu Sardhar , Karmakar Shaswata , Varkey Anish , Chandra Deepan , Chava Vijay Kumar
Published: July 2022

Objectives:

Complete elimination of the pathogenic microorganisms from the gingival sulcus area is the ultimate goal of any periodontal therapy. Certain factors such as anatomical variation of teeth, deep periodontal pocket, and tissue-invading ability of some bacteria decrease the effectiveness of conventional nonsurgical periodontal therapy, i.e., scaling and root planing (SRP). Hence, antimicrobial agents could be used as an adjunct to SRP, in order to increase the efficacy of it. Although Chlorhexidine (CHX) is the gold standard as an antiplaque agent, it has several drawbacks. Recently, ozone therapy is being tried for the treatment of several diseases in the field of dentistry. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of local application of CHX and ozonated olive oil as adjunctive to SRP for the treatment of chronic periodontitis.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty individuals who fulfilled the eligibility criteria were selected for this split-mouth randomized controlled trial. The treatment sites from each individual were randomly allocated into two groups. Along with SRP, the local application of CHX and ozonated olive oil was done for the control and test sites, respectively. Pocket probing depth, relative attachment loss, and sulcus bleeding index were measured before and 3 months after the treatment. Intragroup and intergroup differences in the clinical parameters were analyzed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Mann–Whitney U test, respectively.

Results:

Three months' posttreatment, all the parameters showed significant improvement in both the groups. However, the intergroup comparison failed to be significant statistically.

Conclusion:

Ozonated olive oil could enhance the outcomes of SRP for the treatment of periodontal diseases.
Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Hand Hygiene Practices among Inpatients of Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar
Authors: Das Pradipta , Khuntia Pradipta Kishore , Das Maneesha , Bisoi Debasis , Shekar Nithya , Pujari Pran Singh
Published: July 2022

Background:

Health-care-associated infection or nosocomial infection is defined as patients getting an infection on admission to the hospital if they were not infected or incubating the infection before admission. Hand hygiene is the most important measure that can avoid the transmission of germs and can prevent health-care-associated infections.

Materials and Methods:

A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted between June 2020 to July 2021 with the objective to evaluate knowledge, attitude, and practice of hand hygiene among the inpatients of Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar. A predesigned structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Knowledge and attitude of the participants were assessed using prevalidated 9 point and 6 point scale. Practice of the health-care providers (HCPs) toward health hygiene observed by the patients was also assessed using 6 point scale.

Results:

Majority of the participants had average knowledge score (56.7%) and average attitude score (62.0%) on hand hygiene, whereas their observation on the practice of hand hygiene among HCPs has given bad score (50.7%). Males have significantly good knowledge (P = 0.0001) and attitude score (P = 0.00097) compared to female. Similarly higher educational level participants had significantly good knowledge (P = 0.0002) and attitude score (P = 0.0053) on hand hygiene.

Conclusions:

The findings of this study indicate that there is insufficient hand hygiene awareness among the inpatients in a tertiary care hospital population mainly among the female and less educated participants. Hence, development of community-based hand hygiene promotion programs for the general public are the need of the hour.
“Dentist as Smile Weavers” An Online Survey on Infection Surveillance, Emergency Treatment, Economic Setbacks, and Stress Endured by Periodontists of South India during COVID-19
Authors: Mahesh J. , Gopakumar Rethi , Anila S. , Baby Mathews , Anjali S. , A Gaffoor Faisal M.
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

The SARS-CoV-2 virus introduction and subsequent COVID-19 pandemic have had a profound impact on normal dentistry, particularly periodontal treatment, around the world. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the infection surveillance, emergency treatment, economic setbacks, and stress endured by periodontists of South India during COVID-19.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to July 2021 among periodontists in South India. A total of 300 periodontists were chosen through the randomized sampling technique. The data were collected using a self-reported closed-end questionnaire consisting of 38 questions through Google Forms. The information was entered into a database and analyzed using SPSS program version 16.0.

Results:

A total of 300 people took part in the survey, 277 (92.3%) dentists responded to the survey in its entirety. Periodontists and postgraduates made up 24.18% and 75.9% of those who responded, respectively. For all of the questions asked, there was a statistically significant difference among the responses. The majority of respondents agreed on questions about periodontists' knowledge, practice, mentality, and financial setbacks concerning the COVID-19 epidemic.

Conclusion:

Most of the periodontists that we surveyed have adequate knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 and have been taking adequate measures in preventing the spread of the disease. This pandemic has a negative impact on the periodontists. This study indicates a high level of depression among a significant number of periodontists. It is important to monitor and address the mental health needs of practitioners during the pandemic. The knowledge, awareness, and attitudes regarding teledentistry were found to be satisfactory among the periodontists.
Effectiveness of Salivary Glucose as a Reliable Alternative in Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ganesan Anuradha , Muthukrishnan Arvind , Veeraraghavan Vishnu Priya , Kumar N. Gautham
Published: July 2022

Aims and Objective:

The aim of the present study was to ascertain the reliability of using salivary glucose in diagnosing and monitoring the blood glucose levels in type 1 diabetic patients and also to evaluate the salivary glucose in fasting and postprandial states and correlate with the blood glucose levels and hemoglobin A1c values.

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted on 79 Type 1 diabetic patients and 100 healthy controls. The blood and salivary glucose levels were evaluated in both study and control groups using glucose-oxidase peroxidase method.

Results:

There was significantly higher level of salivary glucose in diabetics than in controls. There was a positive moderate-to-strong correlation between stimulated and unstimulated salivary glucose to blood glucose in both fasting and postprandial states. The cutoff values for stimulated and unstimulated fasting salivary glucose was 5.8 mg/dl and 5.6 mg/dl, respectively. The cutoff value for stimulated and unstimulated salivary glucose in postprandial state was 10.3 mg/dl and 9.5 mg/dl, respectively.

Conclusion:

Salivary glucose appears to be a reliable biofluid to assess the blood glucose levels and can be a reliable alternative to blood glucose in Type 1 diabetes mellitus patients.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography-Assisted Evaluation of the Bone Regenerative Potential of Modulated Sol–Gel-Synthesized 45S5 Bioglass Intended for Alveolar Bone Regeneration
Authors: Thomas Nebu George , Anbarasu Anand
Published: July 2022

Objectives:

The objective of the study was to evaluate the in vitro cell compatibility and in vivo regenerative potential of 45S5 Bioglass (45S5-BG)-based bone graft implanted in critical-size defects (CSD) created at rat calvaria using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and Methods:

In vitro cell compatibility of 45S5-BG was assessed using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test. For in vivo experiments, CSD of diameter 6 mm was created in the parietal bone and was treated with 45S5-BG bone graft in the test group (Group B), while the control group (Group A) CSD remained empty. Rats were euthanized at the 4th and 8th postsurgical weeks, and CBCT analysis was done for samples. The grayscale value in VGi and the selected region of interest (ROI, in mm) of CSD diameter were calculated.

Results:

In vitro cytotoxicity analysis of 45S5-BG showed that cell viability of more than 70% as compared to the control confirmed cell compatibility. CBCT analysis of CSD confirmed a significant increase in VGi (P < 0.001) and reduction in ROI of CSD (P < 0.001) from the 4th and 8th weeks in the test group as compared to the control.

Conclusions:

In vitro cytotoxicity analysis confirmed cell compatibility of 45S5-BG bone graft and CBCT analysis revealed its bone regenerative potential.
Reasons for Widespread Aspiration of Esthetics Veneers “Hollywood Smile”
Authors: Hebbal Mamata Iranna , Helaby Bashayer Salem , AlHefdhi Manar Alhassan
Published: July 2022

Purpose:

This study aims to assess the factors that determine the aspiration for “Hollywood smile” among the residents in five Gulf countries.

Materials and Methods:

A survey was conducted among subjects aged 18–60 years. A self-designed 19 items questionnaire was prepared which consisted of multiple choices and open-ended questions. The first part of the survey included demographic questions. The second part included questions related to Hollywood smile. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and the association between different variables was assessed by Chi-square test where P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

A total of 2061 subjects participated in the survey. The majority of participants were females (76.81%), 97.28% of them were aware of the term “Hollywood smile,” and social media was the source of information. Statistically significant difference was noted among participants who underwent treatment according to residency place, age, educational level, and socioeconomic status (SES) and participants who were willing to undergo treatment in future according to gender, age, and SES.

Conclusion:

Subjects of younger age, higher education level, and higher SES underwent treatment. However, 23.83% of people were willing to undergo treatment. This reflects the increasing demand for esthetic treatment in future.
A Learning Curve is Essential to Growth
Authors: Moothedath Muhamood
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a profound impact on normal dental education. The purpose of this study is to look at the influence of COVID-19 quarantine on dental graduates' readiness, as well as to look into the usefulness and limits of online education from the perspective of students.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1000 dental students of 18 dental colleges in Kerala from July 2021 to September 2021 using a self-reported closed-ended questionnaire and the information was coded, entered, and analyzed using the SPSS 20.0 version.

Results:

A total of 88% of those who took the survey responded. Until the pandemic is over, a large majority of students (74.7%) prefer online lectures over classroom lectures. Only 46.1% of those who received online education felt confident enough to confront a patient.

Conclusion:

Data showed that students partially appreciated the online system. According to the statistics, students did not believe that it could completely replace face-to-face clinical practice.
Comparison of Glide Path and Pathfiles in Canal Preparation by Cone-beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Uppalapati Vishwaja , Chhaparwal Amit , Ahmed Siddiq , Shariff Suhail , Pallewar Abhijit Mallesham , Mustafa Mohammed , Agrawal Pratik
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Endodontics has become a routine practice in the recent times and many recent advanced rotary systems are available commercially. Hence, in our study, we describe the canal transportation of the different file systems in various combinations of the “Glide path (Gp)” by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and Methods:

In vitro study was with 40 single-rooted extracted human teeth that were grouped as “Group 1: Pathfiles (PF) and Group 2: V Gp 2 (V2).” Measurement of Centric ability, canal transportation, root canal curvature of the CBCT images was compared of the pre and the postpreperation of the canals with the two systems.

Results:

PF showed greater curvatures, working time, canal transportations, compared to the V2. PF showed lesser centric ratio, removed greater dentine compared to the V2 and also the cross-sectional area was also greater for the PF than V2.

Conclusion:

V2 performed superiorly than PF showing lesser canal transportation.
Comparative Evaluation of Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Bicuspids Instrumented With Hand Files, TruNatomy, ProTaper Next, ProTaper Gold, and WaveOne – An In vitro Study
Authors: Nassar Sulfia , Shetty Harish Kumar , Nair Prathap M. S. , Gowri Sree , Jayaprakash K.
Published: July 2022

Aim:

The study aims to compare and evaluate the fracture resistance of endodontically treated bicuspids instrumented with Hand Files, TruNatomy (TRN), ProTaper Next (PTN), ProTaper Gold (PTG), and WaveOne (WO).

Materials and Methods:

In total, 45 extracted single-rooted human premolar teeth were selected and sectioned at or below the cementoenamel junction to obtain roots 15 mm long. The samples were divided into four experimental groups and one control group (n = 9): instrumentation with nickel–titanium (NiTi) Hand Files (control group), instrumentation with TRN files, instrumentation with PTN files, instrumentation with PTG files, and instrumentation with WO files. The samples were obturated by lateral compaction technique using gutta-percha points and AH Plus sealer. A vertical load was applied to the tooth using the universal testing machine (Tecsol-TSI-BDS-2Kn-Sr No. 170710) for the fracture resistance test. Statistical analysis was performed.

Results:

The study reported that teeth instrumented with NiTi hand files exhibited the highest fracture resistance when compared to all the rotary and reciprocating file systems. Among rotary and reciprocating instruments, root prepared with TRN files showed the most significant resistance to fracture compared with PTN, PTG, and WO files.

Conclusion:

Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that minimally invasive instrumentation of the system preserves more pericervical dentin, which may increase the resistance to fracture. Results of this study and other studies support the use of minimally tapered instruments to improve the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth.
Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Protaper Universal Retreatment System, R-Endo System and Hedstrom File in Gutta Percha Removal During Root Canal Retreatment- An In Vitro Study
Authors: Buranade Aravind T. , Algarni Youssef Abdullah , Alobaid Adel Saeed N. , Kader Mohammed Abdul , Baba Suheel Manzoor , Mohamed Ali Ahamed Babiker
Published: July 2022

Background:

The complete removal of residual filling materials from the root canal determines the success of root canal retreatment.

Aim:

To evaluate and correlate the efficacy of ProTaper retreatment system, R-Endo retreatment system, and Hedstrom file in the removal of gutta-percha and sealer from root canal during endodontic retreatment in addition to the period desired for the elimination of gutta-percha and sealer.

Methodology:

Thirty extracted premolars were prepared and filled by cold lateral compaction with gutta-percha and sealer. Retreatment was finished with ProTaper retreatment files, R-Endo files, Hedstrom files with Endosolv E as the solvent for 10 specimens each. Each half of the root was imaged using the image analyzer software Chroma allied to a stereomicroscope with 10× magnification via a charge-coupled device sensor. For statistical analysis, parametric one-way ANOVA test and Scheffe post hoc multiple range test were utilized at a significance level of P < 0.05.

Results:

There is no significant difference among the three groups at P < 0.0001 in removing filling material. However, the rotary files needed significantly less time for removing gutta-percha along with sealer than H-file (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:

The gutta-percha and sealer were found in the root canal subsequent to all the retreatment techniques, especially in the apical third. Retreatment time was less only for the rotary system.
The Prosthetic Complications and the Survival of the Implant-Fixed Complete Dental Prostheses
Authors: Mandal Nag Bhushan , Kumari Akanksha , Yemineni Bhavan Chand , Airan Manish , C Tiwari Rahul V , Damarasingu Rajesh , Tiwari Heena Dixit
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

The implants have brought a paradigm shift in the replacement of lost teeth. The complete dentures that are implant fixed have increased acceptance among patients. Since these are recently introduced, we aim to evaluate the prosthetic complications and the survival of the implant-fixed complete dental prostheses.

Materials and Methods:

We piloted a retrospective study among subjects who received “implant-fixed complete dental prostheses (IPs).” We included 100 subjects with different IPs from the department records who complied with the follow-up. Prosthodontic complications and the survival of the IP were noted and presented as percentages.

Results:

Of the 100 subjects finalized in our study, 78 had metal acrylic (MA) and 22 metal ceramic (MC). The mean survival of the MC and MA was 5.2 and 5.1 years, respectively. The most common minor and major complications were “loss of screw access hole material, chipping of the veneering material, and chipping events.” Parafunctional habits affected the survival of the IP along with the reluctance to wear the night guard.

Conclusions:

Good survival and only a few prosthetic complications are associated with the IP and showed good patient satisfaction.
Clinicoradiographic Evaluation of Long-term Efficacy and Risk Factors Associated with Dental Implants used for Full Mouth Rehabilitation
Authors: Chahal Gaurav , Yadav Bipin Kumar , Thakur Rajesh Kumar , Saini Roseka , Kumar Mukesh , Saurabh Kumar
Published: July 2022

Background:

Despite various complications and failure factors, newer implants are designed that allow placement in sub-optimal conditions to allow the operator to place implants at sites with low bone quality. These newer designs also allow improved stability with higher survival rates in the short term.

Aims:

The present study was undertaken to evaluate long-term efficacy and risk factors associated with dental implant placement for full mouth rehabilitation.

Materials and Methods:

In 24 subjects, 438 implants were placed. The data collected were surgical and were retrospectively analyzed. The data collected included medical history, local, patient satisfaction, marginal bone loss, and systemic risk factors affecting implant survival. Outcome variables assessed were peri-implantitis, implant success, and survival at the follow-up visit. The data were expressed in terms of percentage and number, and the results were derived.

Results:

Peri-implantitis was seen in 31.05% (n = 136) of implants. 76.02% (n = 333) of implants were considered successful at recall. Concerning survival, compromised and satisfactory survival was shown by 10.04% (n = 44) and 2.96% (n = 13) of implants, respectively. 10.95% (n = 48) of implants were considered as failures.

Conclusion:

The present study concludes that good, long-term survival rates are associated with full mouth rehabilitation using dental implants.
Prevalence of Palm-Print Patterns and their Association with ABO Blood Group and Gender, among Medical Students of North India
Authors: Gupta Anupma , Sharma Ravikant
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

The Palmprint, a dermatoglyphic marker, is defi¬ned as the print of a palm, which is mainly composed of the palmar flexion creases and ridges. The palm print patterns and blood groups are unique, stable and remain unchanged throughout the life. Hence, the present study was undertaken to investigate association between Palm print patterns and ABO and Rh blood groups in both the genders of the North Indian population.

Material and Method:

The sample for the cross- sectional study was consist of palmprints from 300 (Male: female 1:1,150 each) medical students of North India. The palmprints of both the hands of the subjects were recorded by the ink and roller method.

Result:

The distribution of palmprint patterns of both hands showed a high frequency of Category 5, moderate of category 4, small of category 6 & 3 and none of category 1 &2. The study also show gender discrimination as category 5 was more common in males while Category 4 was more common in females (P-value for Right hand is.012 and for Left hand is <.001). Positive correlation was found between palm print patterns and blood group but was not statistically significant.

Conclusion:

The findings of present study revealed statistically significant sexual dimorphism in the study population. Palm print patterns also showed a positive correlation with ABO blood groups.