bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pd/Cu Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylation for Stereodivergent Synthesis of Glutamic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Li Chaopeng , Liu Yong , Han Zhaobin , Wang Zheng , Ding Kuiling
Published: December 2024

A synergistic Pd/Cu catalyst system has been developed for stereodivergent transformation of Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman (MBH) carbonates and Schiff bases derived from simple amino acids to afford a series of optically active β‐branched γ‐methyleneglutamic acid derivatives with adjacent tertiary/tertiary and quaternary/tertiary stereocenters in high yields (up to 96 %) with excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities (>20/1 dr and >99 % ee in most cases) under mild conditions. The use of SKP ligand is disclosed to be crucial for the success of the transformation, and in particular allowing the reaction to proceed at low catalyst loading (0.02 mol % for Pd and 0.08 mol % for Cu). The high efficiency of the catalysis was attributed to the formation of intimate ion pair complex A1, composed of Pd‐phosphonium cation and a t‐butoxide anion, which would facilitate the subsequent deprotonation and C−C coupling events. All four stereoisomers of the β‐branched glutamic acid derivatives were readily prepared by permutation of the catalyst enantiomers. Synthetic utility of the methodology was exemplified by efficient synthesis of a fused pyrrolooxazolidinone with three contiguous chiral centers, highlighting the power of synergistic Pd/Cu catalysis for asymmetric allylic alkylation with MBH carbonates.
Gastric Outlet Obstruction as a First Symptom of a Non‐Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) Progression—A Case Report
Authors: Apostolski Duje , Roitner Florian
Published: December 2024

Background

Metastatic disease of a urinary bladder cancer localized in the upper abdomen is very rare. This case report describes the first patient with a urinary bladder cancer progression, initially presenting as a gastric outlet obstruction due to peritoneal carcinomatosis.

Case

We present the case of a 78‐years‐old male patient who was admitted to Hospital St. Josef Braunau in Austria with persistent vomiting. In the medical history, the most prominent finding was a diagnosed high‐risk NMIBC. At the time, patient was between 2. and 3. BCG maintenance instillation cycle, following two transurethral resections. Routine follow‐up cystoscopy 1 month before admission to our department showed no evidence of disease recurrence. Due to the therapy resistant vomiting, gastroscopy was performed, revealing duodenal stenosis without mucosal changes. Subsequently performed abdominal CT‐scan showed homogenous swelling of the mesenteric fat tissue around duodenum, spreading retroperitoneal to both kidneys. In the absence of the typical peritoneal carcinomatosis features, the finding was firstly described as an inflammation of mesenteric fat or panniculitis mesenterialis. Further deterioration of patient's condition and later occurred bilateral hydronephrosis raised a suspicion of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Consequently, conducted laparoscopic exploration confirmed the suspicion describing the tissue conglomerate typical for peritoneal carcinomatosis surrounding the duodenum. Pathohistological analysis of taken samples proved urothelial cancer cells, confirming the diagnosis of metastatic bladder cancer disease.

Conclusion

This case report presents a very unusual presentation of metastatic urinary bladder cancer that could help clinicians to consider this diagnosis when encountering similar clinical features.
Valorization of Industrial Waste Graphite Fines into Graphene Oxide‐Based Nanohybrids
Authors: Subrati Mohammed , Lyra Kyriaki‐Marina , Spyrou Konstantinos , Magdalini Toliou Ilektra , Petrou George , Manganiaris Petros , Papavasiliou Aggeliki , Sakellis Elias , Athanasekou Chrysoula P. , Glisenti Antonella , Sideratou Zili , Katsaros Fotios
Published: December 2024

The rapid growth of graphite market is highly coupled with the increasing demand for Li‐ion grade graphite, the production of which results in significant losses of the graphitic material in the form of graphite fines. Herein, for the first time, we report an effective strategy to utilize industrial waste graphite fines through the development of graphene oxide‐based nanohybrids as non‐toxic and efficient antibacterial agents. To achieve this, graphene oxide (GO) was initially synthesized using industrial waste graphite fines as a graphitic precursor. Subsequently, hyperbranched polyethyleneimine (PEI), or either of its guanidinylated (GPEI) and N‐sulfopropylated (SPEI) derivatives were successfully and homogenously attached onto GO, as confirmed by various characterization techniques, yielding GO‐PEI, and novel GO‐GPEI and GO‐SPEI nanohybrids. The antibacterial activity of these nanohybrids was assessed against Gram (−) Escherichia coli and Gram (+) Staphylococcus Aureus bacteria. Both GO‐GPEI and GO‐SPEI were found to exhibit higher antibacterial activity, specifically against E. coli bacteria, compared to the pristine GO and GO‐PEI nanohybrid, with GO‐SPEI being more active than GO‐GPEI. Finally, GO‐GPEI and GO‐SPEI were found to exhibit low cytotoxicity against mammalian cells, signifying that they can be used as potential antibacterial agents in various applications, including those in the disinfection industry.
Pharmacokinetics of the Monoclonal Antibody, Sotrovimab, in Healthy Participants Following IM Administration at Different Injection Sites
Authors: El‐Zailik Asma , Sager Jennifer , Sánchez‐Pearson Yasmin , Parra Sergio , Moore Jennifer , Sarkar Prosenjit , Aylott Alicia , Wang Qianwen , Aldinger Melissa , Garner Chad , Mogalian Erik , Skingsley Andrew , Peppercorn Amanda , Reyes Maribel
Published: December 2024

Sotrovimab is a recombinant human monoclonal antibody for the early treatment of mild‐to‐moderate COVID‐ 19. A phase I, open‐label, randomized, parallel‐group study was conducted to investigate the pharmacokinetics, relative bioavailability, safety, and tolerability of two concentrations of sotrovimab administered intramuscularly at different injection sites in healthy volunteers. The study consisted of three parts (A, B, and C) and the pharmacokinetic results from Part A are reported herein. In Part A, participants were randomized in a 2:2:1:1 ratio to a 500 mg dose of 62.5 mg/mL sotrovimab administered into dorsogluteal muscle, or 100 mg/mL sotrovimab administered into dorsogluteal, anterolateral thigh, or deltoid muscles. Formulation concentration did not impact exposure following dorsogluteal administration; the point estimates (90% confidence interval [CI]) of the geometric mean ratios (GMRs) of area under the curve (AUC)inf and maximum serum concentration (Cmax) for dorsogluteal administration of 100 mg/mL vs. 62.5 mg/mL intramuscular sotrovimab were 0.95 (0.86–1.05) and 1.14 (1.02–1.27), respectively. However, the administration of 100 mg/mL sotrovimab in thigh or deltoid resulted in increased exposure relative to gluteal injections; the point estimates (90% CI) of the GMRs for 100 mg/mL intramuscular sotrovimab administered into thigh or deltoid muscles vs. 100 mg/mL administered dorsogluteally were 1.63 (1.46–1.83) and 1.50 (1.34–1.67) for AUCinf, and 1.82 (1.60–2.08) and 1.49 (1.31–1.69) for Cmax, respectively. Notably, thigh and deltoid administration also resulted in lower variability in key pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC, Cmax, apparent clearance and volume of distribution, and earlier achievement of Cmax, than dorsogluteal intramuscular administration of sotrovimab.
Categorized Side Effect and Complications of Microneedling
Authors: Mohammadnejad Atefeh
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Facial microneedling (MN) represents a contemporary approach to skin rejuvenation that has garnered increasing popularity in recent years. This technique is distinguished by its cost‐effectiveness and widespread adoption across various age groups. While MN is associated with substantial improvements in skin appearance and texture, it is also accompanied by a range of potential adverse effects.

Aim

This paper outlines to present the categorized side effect and complications of MN.

Methods

In this paper, published studies and colleagues’ experiences were used to classify and present the results.

Conclusion

There is currently insufficient research on the complications and side effects of MN, highlighting the need for a comprehensive and organized review in this area. This study systematically investigates MN‐related complications in six key areas: operator, patient, procedures and materials, sterile devices and skin, aftercare, and standard device classification and evaluation.
Understanding Early Treatment Response in Brief CBT for Nonunderweight Eating Disorders: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Gatley Dana , Millar‐Sarahs Verity , Brown Amy , Brooks Cat Papastavrou , Matcham Faith
Published: December 2024

Objective

Early change in eating disorder psychopathology is the most robust predictor of treatment outcomes in eating disorders. However, little is known about what predicts early change. Using mixed‐methodology, this study explored predictors of early change in the first four sessions of 10‐session cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT‐T) for nonunderweight eating disorders.

Method

Phase 1: interviews were conducted to explore CBT‐T clinicians' perspectives on predictors of early change. Phase 2: robust multiple regressions were undertaken to examine whether any of five variables identified during interviews—diagnosis, wait time, therapeutic alliance, depression, and anxiety—were associated with early change in eating disorder psychopathology. Data were derived from outcome measures for service users (n = 107) receiving CBT‐T in a community eating disorder service.

Results

Phase 1: eight themes were identified: attitudes to making change, diagnosis, external mitigating circumstances, therapeutic alliance, therapist confidence, pretreatment variables, CBT‐T format, and therapeutic suitability. Phase 2: no significant associations were found between the five predictor variables (diagnosis type, wait time, baseline depression, baseline anxiety, and therapeutic alliance) and early change in EDE‐Q scores. These results have been certified as computationally reproducible by an independent statistician.

Discussion

Qualitative findings identified several potential predictors of early change in eating disorder psychopathology in CBT‐T, however, quantitative data contradicted qualitative findings, finding no significant association for any of the tested variables. Further research is required to clarify theses conflicting findings and to quantitatively explore the additional predictors highlighted during qualitative analysis.
Dietary Restraint Fallacy
Authors: Jansen Anita
Published: December 2024

For decades, the prevailing assumption in the field of eating disorders has been that dietary restraint causes weight gain and eating disorder symptoms, like binge eating. This belief resulted in widespread recommendations to reduce dietary restraint in treatments of eating disorders and obesity. However, recent findings by Grilo and Pittman (2024; International Journal of Eating Disorders xxx:xxxx–xxxx) contradict this view, showing reduced binge frequency and greater weight loss with increased rigid dietary restraint. This commentary critically evaluates the evidence supporting a causal link between dietary restraint and overeating, highlighting the limitations of longitudinal and observational studies and the misinterpretations of early laboratory research. Importantly, randomized controlled trials and experiments that directly manipulate calorie intake show that calorie restriction improves eating control and reduces eating disorder symptoms. Conceptual issues are discussed; self‐reported dietary restraint is not an accurate reflection of actual calorie restriction. It is argued that cognitive processes like learned food cue reactivity, weak executive skills and increased reward sensitivity can explain tendencies to overeat. They are usually followed by attempts to restrain food intake—essentially reverse causality. It is further hypothesized that the eating of healthy whole foods while avoiding unhealthy ultra‐processed foods, could benefit both the prevention and treatment of all eating and weight disorders.
Guidelines for preparation and flow cytometry analysis of human nonlymphoid tissue DC
Authors: Dudziak Diana , Heger Lukas , Agace William W , Bakker Joyce , de Gruijl Tanja D. , Dress Regine J. , Dutertre Charles‐Antoine , Fenton Thomas M. , Fransen Marieke F. , Ginhoux Florent , Heyman Oded , Horev Yael , Hornsteiner Florian , Kandiah Vinitha , Kles Paz , Lubin Ruth , Mizraji Gabriel , Prokopi Anastasia , Saar Or , Sopper Sieghart , Stoitzner Patrizia , Strandt Helen , Sykora Martina M , Toffoli Elisa C. , Tripp Christoph H. , van Pul Kim , van de Ven Rieneke , Wilensky Asaf , Yona Simon , Zelle‐Rieser Claudia
Published: December 2024

This article is part of the Dendritic Cell Guidelines article series, which provides a collection of state‐of‐the‐art protocols for the preparation, phenotype analysis by flow cytometry, generation, fluorescence microscopy, and functional characterization of mouse and human dendritic cells (DC) from lymphoid organs, and various nonlymphoid tissues. Within this article, detailed protocols are presented that allow for the generation of single‐cell suspensions from human nonlymphoid tissues including lung, skin, gingiva, intestine as well as from tumors and tumor‐draining lymph nodes with a subsequent analysis of dendritic cells by flow cytometry. Further, prepared single‐cell suspensions can be subjected to other applications including cellular enrichment procedures, RNA sequencing, functional assays, etc. While all protocols were written by experienced scientists who routinely use them in their work, this article was also peer‐reviewed by leading experts and approved by all co‐authors, making it an essential resource for basic and clinical DC immunologists.
Activation of STAT6 in Intestinal Epithelial Cells Predisposes to Gut Inflammation
Authors: Westermann Stefanie , Radtke Daniel , Kramer Lisa , Wirtz Stefan , Voehringer David
Published: December 2024

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) often associated with a Type 2 immune response. Although previous reports hint at a role for signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 6 signaling in non‐immune cells, the contribution of STAT6‐activation particularly in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) is still unknown. Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)‐induced colitis is a model for UC in mice that we applied here on animals with expression of a constitutively active version of STAT6 in IECs (VillinCre_STAT6vt mice). We report increased pathology and mortality due to enhanced and systemic inflammation in these mice. Bulk RNA sequencing of colonic tissue from naïve VillinCre_STAT6vt mice showed differential expression of more than 140 genes compared to control mice. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed STAT6‐regulated expression of the unfolded protein response, MTORC‐ and MYC‐signaling, and protein secretion pathways. A comparison of gene expression in the colon of naïve VillinCre_STAT6vt mice and a human single‐cell RNA sequencing dataset of a patient cohort with IBD revealed overlapping changes in the epithelial and macrophage compartment compared to corresponding controls. In conclusion, we found that activation of STAT6 in the intestinal epithelium predisposes to exacerbated colitis and gut inflammation.
Solvent‐Induced Amplification of Chiral Superstructures of Carbazole Porphyrins in Dynamic Supramolecular Aggregates
Authors: Shreechippa Pooja V. , Nadimetla Dinesh N. , Puyad Avinash L , Rode Ambadas B. , Bhosale Sheshanath V.
Published: December 2024

Herein, we reported design, synthesis and investigation for supramolecular self‐assembly of two types of carbazole porphyrins one with free base carbazole porphyrin (codes as 1), and second one zinc (II) metalated carbazole porphyrin (codes as 2) in the various ratios of chloroform (CHCl3, non‐polar) and methanol (MeOH, polar) mixed solvent. Typically, in only chloroform both 1 and 2 produce micro‐belt like structures, while increasing polar solvents i. e. 90 % MeOH in CHCl3 (v/v, 9 : 1 ratio), 1 resulted as helical microfibres, however, 2 assembled into twisted helical ribbons, respectively. The solution based solvophobic effect on self‐assembly demonstrated by using circular dichroism (CD), UV‐Vis and emission spectroscopy. Furthermore, X‐ray diffraction was used to confirm amorphous nature of assembly and DFT for computational study used to find energy band gap between carbazole and porphyrin. Importantly, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was employed to visualise chiral supramolecular superstructures of 1 and 2, respectively. It is clear that growth of chiral superstructures is due to π–π stacking of porphyrin core along with hydrophobic interaction of the ethyl hexyl chain. Thus, it is clear that adjusting the ratio of polar to non‐polar solvent, hydrophobic carbazole porphyrins confirmed formation of chiral superstructures.
How the magnitude and precision of pain predictions shape pain experiences
Authors: Derksen Suzanne M. J. C. , Konttinen Maria , Myronenko Anastasiia , Seymour Ben , Peerdeman Kaya J.
Published: December 2024

Background

In Bayesian models including predictive processing, the magnitude and precision of pain expectancies are key determinants of perception. However, relatively few studies have directly tested whether this holds for pain, and results so far have been inconclusive. Here, we investigated expectancy effects on pain experiences and associated affective responses.

Methods

In two studies, healthy participants (n = 30 in each) received painful electrical stimuli preceded by explicit pain predictions. In study 1, the magnitude of pain predictions and administered pain intensities were varied. In study 2, the magnitude and precision of pain predictions were varied, while administered pain intensity was kept constant. Experienced pain intensity was the primary outcome in both studies.

Results

Pain experiences assimilated towards both under‐ and overpredictions of pain. In study 1, however, effects were small, if present at all, for non‐painful stimuli and effects were not necessarily larger with predictions of greater magnitude. In study 2, assimilation of pain experiences appeared regardless of precision level, while no significant effects on EMG eyeblink startle responses were observed. Moreover, under‐ and overpredictions caused disappointment and relief, respectively, with greater disappointment upon precise than imprecise predictions.

Conclusions

The influence of pain predictions on pain might be more complex than assumed in simple instantiations of current theoretical frameworks, with no systematically stronger assimilation of pain experiences to larger and more precise predictions. Since overpredictions are associated with relief, but underpredictions with disappointment, these findings underline the importance of providing correct predictions when preparing for upcoming painful procedures.

Significance Statement

Our work supports, challenges, and extends the application of Bayesian and predictive processing frameworks to the influence of pain predictions on pain. Under‐ and overpredictions of pain yielded assimilation of pain experiences, but assimilation was not systematically stronger with larger prediction errors or greater precision. Moreover, under‐ and overpredictions resulted in disappointment and relief, respectively. This research signifies the importance of establishing accurate predictions of pain in clinical practice.
Different ways to reach the same goal: Are the analgesic effects of different types of tactile stimuli similar?
Authors: Zauberman Rachel B. , Shamay‐Tsoory Simone , Weissman‐Fogel Irit
Published: December 2024

Background

Tactile‐induced analgesia (TIA) is a phenomenon in which different types of tactile stimulation alleviate pain via different mechanisms including empathy. As TIA plays an essential role in therapeutic situations and clinical conditions, it is crucial to determine whether specific tactile stimulations confer distinct benefits.

Methods

Fifty‐two subjects (31 females; 21–47 years) were exposed to four distinct experimental conditions involving three types of touch provided within a simulated supportive therapeutic setting. First, a contact heat (70 s) at a pain intensity of 60/100 Numerical Pain Scale (NPS) was applied to the forearm. The pain stimulus was then given simultaneously with vibration, gentle stroking, or handholding in random order. Pain ratings were reported at 5 and 65 s of each stimulation. Given the role of empathy in TIA, we also assessed the levels of empathy experienced by the subjects and the experimenter.

Results

Handholding and vibration conditions were associated with a more rapid decrease in pain ratings compared to pain‐alone (B values: handholding = −150.94 vs. pain‐alone = −99.38, p = 0.01; vibration = −163.54 vs. pain‐alone = −99.38, p < 0.001). Higher levels of the experimenter's empathy toward the subjects were associated with greater pain alleviation during vibration vs. pain‐alone condition (B values: vibration = −56.42 vs. B pain‐alone = −9.57, p = 0.04).

Conclusions

Vibration's potent analgesic effects may be attributed to its multi‐channel analgesic mechanisms, including the therapist's empathy toward the participant. On the other hand, for handholding establishing an empathic interaction should be considered in a therapeutic setting to enhance its analgesic efficacy.

Significance

This article explores the effectiveness of touch‐based pain relief methods and their association with empathetic therapeutic interactions. The study emphasizes the significance of positive therapeutic interactions in facilitating tactile‐induced analgesia.
Modelling heart rate dynamics in relation to speed and power output in sprint kayaking as a basis for training evaluation and optimisation
Authors: Jasper Gielen , Smets Catherine , Vidts Noor , Schots Stef , Loes Stessens , Jaspers Arne , Romain Meeusen , Jean‐Marie Aerts
Published: December 2024

With the development of power output sensors in the field of paddle sports and the ongoing advancements in dynamical analysis of exercise data, this study aims to model the measurements of external training intensity in relation to heart rate (HR) time‐series during flat‐water kayak sprint. Nine elite athletes performed a total of 47 interval training sessions with incremental intensity (light to (sub‐) maximal effort levels). The data of HR, speed and power output were measured continuously and rating of perceived exertion and blood lactate concentration ([BLa]) were sampled at the end of each interval stage. Different autoregressive‐exogenous (ARX) modelling configurations are tested, and we report on which combination of input (speed or power), model order (1st or 2nd), parameter estimation method (time‐(in)variant) and training conditions (ergometer or on‐water) is best suited for linking external to internal measures. Average model R2 values varied between 0.60 and 0.97, with corresponding average root mean square error values of 15.6 and 3.2 bpm. 1st order models with time‐varying (TV) parameter estimates yield the best model performance (average R2 = 0.94). At the level of the individual athlete, the TV modelling features (i.e., the model parameters and derivatives such as time constant values) show significant repeated measure correlations in relation to measures of exercise intensity. In conclusion, the study provides a comprehensive description of how the dynamic relationship between external load and HR for sprint kayaking training data can be modelled. Such models can be used as a basis for improving training evaluation and optimisation.
Explainable Machine Learning for Efficient Diabetes Prediction Using Hyperparameter Tuning, SHAP Analysis, Partial Dependency, and LIME
Authors: Islam Md. Manowarul , Rifat Habibur Rahman , Shahid Md. Shamim Bin , Akhter Arnisha , Uddin Md Ashraf , Uddin Khandaker Mohammad Mohi
Published: December 2024

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels and poses significant health risks, such as cardiovascular disease and cognitive damage. Understanding the causes of diabetes is crucial to managing it and preventing complications. The clinical community has a lot of diabetes diagnostic data. Machine learning algorithms may simplify finding hidden patterns, retrieving data from databases, and predicting outcomes. To tackle the challenge of designing an improved diabetes classification algorithm that is more accurate, random oversampling and hyper‐tuning parameter techniques have been used in this study. Whereas most of the existing methods were built upon considering any single dataset, for getting more acceptability in general, our proposed model has been designed based on two benchmark datasets: the BRFSS dataset, which has multiple classes, and the Diabetes 2019 dataset, which has binary classes. What is more, to improve the comprehensibility of the proposed model, a variety of explainability methodologies such as SHapley Additive Explanations (SHAP), Partial Dependency, and Local Interpretable Model‐agnostic Explanations (LIME) have been implemented which are not often noticed in the previous works. The detailed explainability charts will enable the end users or practitioners to understand the exact factors of any given diagnostic report. This research focused on classifying type 2 diabetes using machine learning and providing an explanation for the outcomes derived from the model predictions. Random oversampling and quantile transform are used to rectify imbalances in the dataset and guarantee the resilience of model training. By meticulously adjusting parameters with gridsearchCV, we successfully optimized our models to attain exceptional accuracy across binary and multi‐class datasets. We evaluate the proposed model using two datasets and performance metrics. The extra trees classifier (ET) performed exceptionally, achieving 97.23% accuracy on the multi‐class dataset and 97.45% on the binary dataset.
Pursuing Synaptic Plasticity From Cortex to LTP in the Hippocampus
Authors: Bliss Tim
Published: December 2024

Here I describe how an interest in synaptic plasticity took me from a PhD at McGill, where I worked on activity‐dependent plasticity in the responses of single units in the association cortex of anesthetized cats, to a collaboration with Terje Lømo in Per Andersen's laboratory in Oslo in 1968–9. There we followed up on Lømo's discovery of LTP, published as an abstract in 1966, to produce the first detailed description of the phenomenon. Later, in London, Tony Gardner‐Medwin and I showed that LTP lasting for days could be obtained in the awake rabbit. The two papers were published together in the Journal of Physiology in 1973. I relate how difficulties in replicating our results in English rabbits, and the failure of the first attempts to obtain LTP in slices of the dentate gyrus, led to my abandoning work on LTP for a few years, returning to the fray in the late 1970s through a collaboration with Graham Goddard at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Canada.
Exploring the p‐Factor in Adolescence: A Bifactor Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling Approach and Its Association With Emerging Personality Pathology
Authors: Benzi Ilaria Maria Antonietta , Fontana Andrea , Carone Nicola , Sideli Lucia , Locati Francesca , Parolin Laura , Ensink Karin
Published: December 2024

Introduction

To account for the limitations of categorical taxonomies, a general psychopathology factor (p‐factor) has been proposed as a transdiagnostic dimension that captures the shared variance across various forms of psychopathology. However, further research is required to clarify the specific characteristics that define the p‐factor, particularly in adolescence ‐ a period marked by heightened vulnerability to psychological disorders and significant developmental changes.

Methods

This study utilized a sample of 1366 cisgender adolescents (56% assigned female at birth, Mage = 16.25, SD = 1.44) to examine the structure of the p‐factor using Bifactor Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling. The study also explored the association between the p‐factor and emerging personality pathology, focusing on self and interpersonal dimensions.

Results

The p‐factor was characterized by items reflecting negative affectivity, emotional dysregulation, and behavioral problems. Greater difficulties in self‐related (e.g., sense of self, self‐acceptance, and goals) and interpersonal dimensions (e.g., family relationships, aggression, and sexuality) were associated with higher levels of general psychopathology. A small but significant negative association was found between the quality of peer relationships and the p‐factor, suggesting a potential protective role of friendships.

Conclusions

The study highlights the multifaceted nature of the p‐factor, confirming its relevance in capturing general psychological maladjustment during adolescence. The p‐factor demonstrated a double‐edged nature, encapsulating externalizing (e.g., impulsive behaviors, aggression) and internalizing symptoms (e.g., feelings of inadequacy and guilt). These findings provide insights into the interplay between general psychopathology and personality pathology, supporting a model that integrates self and interpersonal dimensions to understand adolescent psychopathology.
Theranostic‐Guided UV‐A Light Corneal Wavefront Photo‐Reshaping for Presbyopia Correction: A Preclinical Study
Authors: Lombardo Marco , Bernava Giuseppe Massimo , Serrao Sebastiano , Lombardo Giuseppe
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the effect of a theranostic‐guided UV‐A light corneal photo‐reshaping technique on corneal elevation and wavefront aberration (WA) in human donor eyes. A specialized platform, combining UV‐A light with corneal iontophoresis for controlled, patterned, riboflavin delivery, was used for both distribution assessment and concentration‐driven photopolymerization of corneal proteins. In all cases, a consistent riboflavin concentration gradient, with lower levels in the central prepupillary zone, was recorded. Corneal topography and WA measurements showed significant corneal steepening and smooth wavefront shaping, respectively, with a delay in the central 2.0 mm of the WA and advancement in the surrounding zone, as well as a 50% reduction in corneal spherical aberration over a 5.0 mm pupil size. Notably, the corneal optical quality, measured via modulation transfer function (MTF), remained stable. This incision‐free approach demonstrated the potential to extend focal range without compromising distance vision, presenting a new solution for presbyopia correction.
Sustainable synthesis and electrochemical characterization of Ti3C2/Fe1‐xBaxCr2O4 nanocomposite for enhanced Supercapacitor electrode performance
Authors: Batool Kiran , El‐marghany Adel , Saeed Muhammad
Published: December 2024

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties of the synthesized Ti₃C₂ and Ti₃C₂/Fe1‐xBaₓCr₂O₄ nanocomposite, highlighting their potential as electrode materials for supercapacitors. Utilizing X‐ray diffraction (XRD), we established the crystalline structure, revealing crystallite sizes of 13.29 nm and 20.00 nm for Ti₃C₂ and the nanocomposite, respectively, with corresponding crystallinity indices of 60% and 70%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that Ti₃C₂ exhibited a characteristic layered structure, while the composite demonstrated a more granular morphology with integrated ferrite particles, enhancing its magnetic properties. Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the elemental composition, including titanium, iron, barium, and chromium, validating the successful synthesis of the nanocomposite. Photoluminescence (PL) analysis indicated a significant band gap reduction from 2.05 eV for Ti₃C₂ to 1.77 eV for the composite, suggesting enhanced light absorption capabilities. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results demonstrated impressive electrochemical performance, with a maximum specific capacitance of 728.5 F/g in 1 M H₂SO₄. These findings collectively underscore the structural integrity, enhanced electrochemical properties, and multifunctional potential of the Ti₃C₂/Fe1‐xBaₓCr₂O₄ nanocomposite for advanced energy storage applications.
Strategies for Optimizing Traditional Exposure and Response Prevention: A Case Study Example in an Adolescent With Contamination‐Based OCD
Authors: Jessup Sarah C. , Mariaskin Amy , Olatunji Bunmi O.
Published: December 2024

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) with an emphasis on Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) has consistently been observed to be an efficacious treatment for obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD). Although ERP is currently considered the gold‐standard, first‐line psychological treatment, individuals with chronic fluctuations in symptom presentations or especially severe cases may require additional supplements to exposure that maximize learning and facilitate greater generalization of learning experiences. The present case study serves as an example of how traditional aspects of exposure‐based CBT (e.g., psychoeducation, hierarchy building, functional analysis, homework) can be successfully used in addition to leveraging more contemporary stylistic modifications (e.g., explicit expectancy violation, context variability) that may optimize treatment in complex or difficult cases. In the present case study of a patient with contamination‐based OCD, functional impairment and disorder symptoms responded to treatment and remained improved at a 3‐month follow‐up. Implications of the case study are discussed and recommendations are offered for clinicians treating complex or challenging OCD cases.
The effect of tactile stimulation on spatial memory and hippocampal neuronal density in male rats with sensory deprivation during a critical period
Authors: Ozkan Suheda , Oz Pınar , Erdogan Yaren , Akpinar Melisa , Sahsahi Aya , Gecen Zehra
Published: December 2024

It is well known that sensory information driven from whiskers serves as an example of tactile perception in rodents, and plays an important role in social behavior, environmental exploration, and decision‐making processes, the influence of manipulations performed during the development of whiskers, on learning has been received little attention in the literature. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of tactile stimulation (TS) on spatial memory performance and neuronal density in the hippocampus during adulthood in early sensory‐deprived rats. Wistar albino male rats were divided into four groups: control (CTL), bilateral whisker trimming (BWT), tactile stimulation (TS), and bilateral whisker trimming+tactile stimulation (BWT + TS). All whiskers were trimmed between P0–10, a critical period for whisker development. TS was applied from P3 to P21 using a soft brush. In this study, the 8‐arm radial maze test was conducted from postnatal days 77 to 81 to assess spatial memory Animals sacrificed by intracardial perfusion and neuronal density in CA1, CA3, vDG, and dDG regions of the hippocampus were evaluated by Nissl staining. TS exposure negatively affected spatial memory performance and hippocampal neuronal density compared to BWT. We conclude that TS in healthy offspring can cause stress by interrupting maternal care, given the vulnerability of early development. On the contrary, the sensory deprivation protocol in this study was terminated at a time of high homeostatic plasticity and did not produce complete whisker deprivation, have triggered learning by inducing moderate stress early in development.
The genetic causal association between arthritis and low back pain
Authors: Gong Aimin , Yang Daniel , Zeng Mengjie
Published: December 2024

Background

Arthritis and low back pain (LBP) are prevalent musculoskeletal conditions with a perceived association. Previous observational studies have suggested a possible link between arthritis and LBP, but causality has not been firmly established.

Methods

The analysis involved data from a meta‐analysis of genome‐wide association studies sourced from the UK Biobank Genetics resources on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA) at any site, knee osteoarthritis (KOA), hip osteoarthritis (HOA), and LBP. Two‐sample Mendelian randomization analysis was utilized to evaluate the causal link between arthritis and LBP. The primary method employed was inverse‐variance weighting (IVW), with additional techniques such as MR‐Egger, weighted median, Cochran Q statistic, and leave‐one‐out analysis used to identify heterogeneity and pleiotropy.

Results

Genetically determined RA exhibited a causal impact on LBP (Weighted median: odds ratio [OR] = 1.094, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.002–1.195, p = 0.043). Furthermore, OA at any site and KOA showed causal associations with LBP (Inverse variance weighted: OR = 1.089, 95% CI 1.011–1.173, p = 0.026) and (OR = 1.0004, 95% CI 1.000–1.008, p = 0.019), respectively. Additionally, HOA was also linked causally with an elevated risk of developing LBP (Weighted median: OR = 1.002, 95% CI 1.000–1.004, p = 0.049; Inverse variance weighted: OR = 1.002, 95% CI 1.001–1.004, p = 0.003).

Conclusions

This study offers genetic evidence supporting the causal relationship between RA, OA at any site, KOA, HOA and the increased risk of LBP, especially highlighting the significant impact of HOA.
Coupling Response of Ecosystem Service Value to Human Activity Intensity in Mountainous Areas: A Case Study of the Three Gorges Reservoir Hinterland, China
Authors: Huang Ying , Li Yangbing , Sheng Mengchen , Li Ting , Shao Jing'an , Zhao Wenxin
Published: December 2024

A comprehensive and fine‐grained understanding of the coupling relationship between ecosystem service value (ESV) and human activity intensity (HAI) in mountainous areas effectively promotes sustainable development. However, there is a shortage of research exploring the complex and comprehensive coupling relationship between the two in mountain areas. This paper constructed a research framework for the coupling relationship between ESV and HAI in mountainous areas, revealed the evolutionary characteristics of the coupling relationship between ESV and HAI in mountainous areas, and explored whether mountainous areas can move toward a win‐win situation regarding ecology and economy. The results showed that: (1) ESV in the study area showed an increasing trend from 2000 to 2020, with 204 townships (streets) showing increasing ESV, and the spatial distribution showed that streets and surrounding townships had lower ESV compared to townships farther away from the streets. The HAI showed the changing characteristics of local weakening and overall enhancement, and the spatial distribution showed that the HAI in the streets and surrounding townships was substantially higher than in the rest of the area. (2) Four types of coupling relationship changes were formed between ESV and HAI in the study area, specifically comprehensive enhancement, comprehensive recession, ecological restoration‐economic decline, and ecological decline‐economic development, with comprehensive enhancement being the dominant type, and there were 189 townships (streets) belonging to this type in 2000–2010, and in 2010–2020 there were 80. (3) Driven by natural, socioeconomic, and policy factors, the coupling relationship between ESV and HAI in mountainous areas gradually coordinated toward a win‐win situation for ecology and economy. The case study verifies the theoretical hypothesis on the coupling relationship between ESV and HAI in mountainous areas at a smaller spatial scale, providing a theoretical reference for ecological environment construction and sustainable development in similar mountainous areas.
Amid lingering concerns, CARE Court in California goes statewide
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: December 2024

As California's groundbreaking initiative to refer individuals with serious mental illness to court‐mandated treatment moves to statewide implementation, preliminary data from early‐adopting counties are show‐ing how difficult it can be to transform services for a hard‐to‐reach population.
Study: Engagement in CSC improves with regular feedback to clients
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: December 2024

Results of a new study suggest that mental health care programs targeting patients with early‐phase psychosis can see significantly improved outcomes by offering patients routine feedback on their progress.
Reports show pressure on workplaces to deliver MH support
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: December 2024

Two newly released reports suggest that heightened attention to mental health in the workplace continues to place greater responsibilities on employers.
Use of vehicle counters to index and evaluate potential shifts in angler effort following implementation of more restrictive panfish regulations in Wisconsin lakes
Authors: Dembkowski Daniel J. , Latzka Alexander W. , Feiner Zachary S. , Isermann Daniel A.
Published: December 2024

Objective

Understanding angler responses to fisheries management actions, such as regulation changes, has important implications for the effectiveness and efficacy of such management strategies. We examined whether vehicle counters could provide a relative index of angler effort, and we present a case study demonstrating use of vehicle counters to assess potential changes in angler effort associated with implementation of more restrictive panfish regulations in a subset of Wisconsin lakes.

Methods

We compared vehicle counts with compulsory creel- and game-camera-based estimates of angler-hours and the number of angling parties. During 2016, a series of more restrictive panfish regulations were implemented across 132 Wisconsin lakes. We deployed vehicle counters at a subset of lakes within each regulation type during preregulation (2015–2016) and postregulation (2021–2022) time periods to assess whether the distribution of angler effort (as indexed using vehicle counters) among regulation types shifted in response to regulation implementation.

Result

At lakes with paired vehicle counters and compulsory creel data, vehicle counts explained 57–72% of the variation in daily angler effort (h) and 65–84% of the variation in daily number of angling parties. Across lakes with paired vehicle counters and game cameras, vehicle counters explained 63–77% of the variation in the number of apparent angling parties depending on how lakes were grouped (i.e., combined or stratified by regulation type); however, effectiveness of vehicle counters for explaining the variation in number of apparent angling parties varied at the individual lake level. We did not observe any systematic shifts in effort that would indicate a redistribution of angler effort in response to panfish regulations.

Conclusion

Results suggest that given appropriate validation measures, vehicle counters could be used as a cost-effective tool to index angler effort. Our findings indicate that a localized scale for implementation of specialized regulations may be appropriate given angler behaviors and preferences for Wisconsin panfish.
A comparison of recreational and survey-grade side-scan sonar systems in mapping reservoir fish habitat
Authors: Fletcher Taher , Booth Michael T. , Pritt Jeremy J.
Published: December 2024

Objective

Littoral zone aquatic habitat is an important component of sport fish population dynamics in freshwater lakes and reservoirs and is a primary target of fisheries management actions. However, habitat data for these systems are often minimal or nonexistent due to the cost and time-consuming nature of traditional aquatic habitat sampling methods. Side-scan sonar has been identified as a potential tool that can address these limitations, allowing quantification of habitat features over large areas. Side-scan sonar is available in two forms: recreational (consumer grade) and professional (survey grade). Our goal was to compare these two grades of side-scan sonar by analyzing their ability to map littoral habitat features in three Ohio reservoirs.

Methods

We used a Lowrance Active Imaging 3-in-1 system (≈US$2000) recreational sonar and an EdgeTech 6205 system (≈$150,000) survey-grade sonar to collect imagery in the littoral zones of reservoirs. We manually quantified submerged woody debris, standing timber, aquatic vegetation, and benthic substrate in a geographical information system (GIS) using imagery from each sonar system and compared habitat estimates and GIS processing times. We analyzed how differences in image resolution between the two sonar systems affected the level of variation in habitat classification values generated by individual analysts.

Result

We found small differences in habitat classification values and accuracy between the two sonar systems, and trade-offs existed in spatial accuracy and ability to image dense vegetation. However, side-scan data acquisition, postprocessing, and habitat classification were generally less time-intensive with the recreational Lowrance system than with the survey-grade EdgeTech system. Unexpectedly, the lower quality Lowrance imagery had less user-based variation in GIS habitat classification.

Conclusion

Recreational side-scan sonar systems such as the Lowrance system provide sufficient imagery resolution, habitat classification values, and accuracy at a lower cost and with less processing time than survey-grade side-scan sonar systems and are useful tools for quantifying littoral habitat features in reservoirs.
Assessing Static Liquefaction Triggers in Tailings Dams Using the Critical State Constitutive Models CASM and NorSand
Authors: Rógenes Erick , Paes Ian Torras , Delgado Bruno Guimarães , Bittar Rafael Jabur , Gomes Alessandra dos Santos , Cirone Alessandro , Fávero Neto Alomir H. , Rasmussen Leandro Lima
Published: December 2024

Static liquefaction‐induced failure in tailings dams can result in extensive economic and environmental damage. In practice, the use of constitutive models capable of capturing this phenomenon and assessing structures susceptible to liquefaction is increasing. Numerous constitutive models exist and have been applied to model static liquefaction of tailings materials, but the extent of the influence exerted by the choice of constitutive model on analysis outcomes remains to be determined. This study addresses this uncertainty by employing the Clay and Sand Model (CASM) and NorSand models to analyze the well‐documented case of the B1 dam failure in Brazil. Initially, a back analysis of the failure was conducted, and further analyses were carried out by simulating hypothetical triggers: crest loading and increased gravity. The influence of the adopted constitutive model on results was analyzed through the failure mechanisms generated, stress paths, and levels of disturbances necessary to trigger liquefaction. Both models produced compatible failure mechanisms, with slight differences observed in the level of disturbance required to trigger liquefaction. The results obtained from the B1 case indicate that the most important aspect related to the constitutive model in assessing structures susceptible to static liquefaction lies in the constitutive model's capacity to represent the sudden strength loss due to pore pressure generation, while the particular formulations employed in each method tend to be a secondary consideration in the analysis.