bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Water-induced helical supramolecular polymerization and gel formation of an alkylene-tethered perylene bisimide dyad
Authors: Lin Xu , Kurata Hiroki , Prabhu Deepak D. , Yamauchi Mitsuaki , Ohba Tomonori , Yagai Shiki
Published: November 2016

Linking two perylene bisimide dyes through an alkylene tether enforces aggregation in aqueous media, affording helical supramolecular polymers that can form gel-like lyotropic mesophases.
Light-soaking effects and capacitance profiling in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cells with chemical-bath-deposited ZnS buffer layers
Authors: Yu Hye-Jung , Lee Woo-Jung , Wi Jae-Hyung , Cho Dae-Hyung , Han Won Seok , Chung Yong-Duck , Kim Tae-Soo , Song Jung-Hoon
Published: November 2016

The relationship between interfacial defects and the electronic properties of CIGS solar cells with ZnS buffer layers was analyzed by C–V measurements with laser illumination.
Sheet-like and truncated-dodecahedron-like AgI structures via a surfactant-assisted protocol and their morphology-dependent photocatalytic performance
Authors: Dan Xiao Dan Xiao , Geng Guangwei , Chen Penglei , Li Tiesheng , Liu Minghua
Published: November 2016

Sheet-like and truncated-dodecahedron-like AgI structures are synthesized via a surfactant-assisted method, the latter display boosted photocatalytic performances and excellent recyclability.
Polaron dynamics with off-diagonal coupling: beyond the Ehrenfest approximation
Authors: Huang Zhongkai , Wang Lu , Wu Changqin , Chen Lipeng , Grossmann Frank , Zhao Yang
Published: November 2016

Treated traditionally by the Ehrenfest approximation, the dynamics of a one-dimensional molecular crystal model with off-diagonal exciton–phonon coupling is investigated in this work using the Dirac–Frenkel time-dependent variational principle with the multi-D2Ansatz.
Ethene hydrogenation vs. dimerization over a faujasite-supported [Rh(C2H4)2] complex. A computational study of mechanism
Authors: Govindasamy Agalya , Markova Velina K. , Genest Alexander , Rösch Notker
Published: November 2016

A DFT study allows one to understand the selectivity for ethene hydrogenation over dimerization by the well-characterized faujasite-supported [Rh(C2H4)2]+ complex.
P–N depleted bulk BiOBr/α-Fe2O3 heterojunctions applied for unbiased solar water splitting
Authors: Si Hua-Yan , Mao Chen-Jing , Xie Ya-Meng , Sun Xiu-Guo , Zhao Jin-Jin , Zhou Na , Wang Jian-Qiang , Feng Wen-Jie , Li Yan-Ting
Published: November 2016

P–N depleted bulk BiOBr/α-Fe2O3 heterojunction (DBH) nanostructures with the growth of (001) BiOBr facets were prepared via a simple hydrothermal method. Such DBH nanostructures show superior hydrogen evolution efficiency.
Highly effective synthesis of a cobalt(ii) metal–organic coordination polymer by using continuous flow chemistry
Authors: Gong Chunhua , Zhang Junyong , Zeng Xianghua , Xie Jingli
Published: November 2016

By using an Asia flow synthesis system (chip reactor), a new coordination polymer [Co2L4(H2O)2]·CH3CN·H2O (HL = (E)-2-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)vinyl]-8-hydroxyquinoline) has been achieved with 95% yield, demonstrating the uniqueness of flow-type reactions.
[Ti12In6O18(OOCC6H5)30]: a multifunctional hetero-polyoxotitanate nanocluster with high stability and visible photoactivity
Authors: Liu Shengjun , Hu Wei , Nath Jayanta Kr. , Tong Jing , Hou Xudong , Liu Wenlong , Yang Jinlong , Liu Bo
Published: November 2016

A stable hetero-polyoxotitanate of [Ti12In6O18(OOCC6H5)30] produces pronounced photocurrent, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as H2 under visible irradiation.
Using reference materials to improve the quality of data generated by USEPA analytical methods
Authors: Nagourney S. J. , Wilson S. A. , Long S. E.
Published: November 2016

The quality of data generated for the analysis of environmental samples is critical to State and Federal regulatory agencies to ensure that decisions based upon the amounts of contaminants in environmental samples are truly protective of public health.
Formation and alteration of airborne particles in the subway environment
Authors: Moreno T. , Querol X. , Martins V. , Minguillón M. C. , Reche C. , Ku L. H. , Eun H. R. , Ahn K. H. , Capdevila M. , de Miguel E.
Published: November 2016

Most particles in the rail subway environment are sub-micron sized ferruginous flakes and splinters generated mechanically by frictional wear of brake pads, wheels and rails.
Phenolics extracted from tartary (Fagopyrum tartaricum L. Gaerth) buckwheat bran exhibit antioxidant activity, and an antiproliferative effect on human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells through the p38/MAP kinase pathway
Authors: Li Fuhua , Zhang Xiaoli , Li Yao , Lu Keke , Yin Ran , Ming Jian
Published: November 2016

The bioactive activities, composition and concentration of phenolics extracted from tartary buckwheat bran were evaluated.
Potassium phosphate-catalyzed one-pot synthesis of 3-aryl-2-oxazolidinones from epoxides, amines, and atmospheric carbon dioxide
Authors: Seo Ue Ryung , Chung Young Keun
Published: November 2016

Potassium phosphate was found to be a highly active catalyst in the three-component cycloaddition of amines, epoxides, and carbon dioxide in DMF at ambient temperature to form 3-aryl-2-oxazolidinones.
Dispersion stability, magnetivity and wettability of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)-dispersed superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles: impact of CNC concentration
Authors: Low Liang Ee , Tey Beng Ti , Ong Boon Hoong , Chan Eng Seng , Tang Siah Ying
Published: November 2016

This study investigates the effects of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) on the dispersion and colloidal stability of Fe3O4–cellulose nanocrystal nanocomposites (MCNCs).
Layer-by-layer inkjet printing SPS:PEDOT NP/RGO composite film for flexible humidity sensors
Authors: Yuan Yan , Peng Bo , Chi Hang , Li Cong , Liu Ren , Liu Xiaoya
Published: November 2016

We report the preparation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nanoparticles (NPs) and graphene oxide (GO) ink-based layer-by-layer inkjet printing humidity sensors.
Self-cross-linked quaternary phosphonium based anion exchange membranes: assessing the influence of quaternary phosphonium groups on alkaline stability
Authors: Papakonstantinou Pileas , Deimede Valadoula
Published: November 2016

Self cross-linked phosphonium functionalized poly(aryl ether sulfone)s have been synthesized and show excellent alkaline stability and improved mechanical properties.
Enhanced corrosion protection and biocompatibility of a PLGA–silane coating on AZ31 Mg alloy for orthopaedic applications
Authors: Agarwal Sankalp , Morshed Muhammad , Labour Marie-Noelle , Hoey David , Duffy Brendan , Curtin James , Jaiswal Swarna
Published: November 2016

This paper reports a multi-step procedure to fabricate a novel corrosion resistant and biocompatible PLGA–silane coating on the magnesium (Mg) alloy AZ31.
Reduction of Biginelli compounds by LiAlH4: a rapid access to molecular diversity
Authors: Zlatković Dragan B. , Radulović Niko S.
Published: November 2016

The reduction of Biginelli compounds by LiAlH4 provides a rapid access to molecular diversity.
Effect of solubility of a hydrazide compound on the crystallization behavior of poly(l-lactide)
Authors: Xing Qian , Wang Zefan , Li Rongbo , Dong Xia , Wang Dujin
Published: November 2016

The influence of the annealing temperature on the solubility and nucleating efficiency of TMBH has been clarified.
N-Carbon coated P-W2C composite as efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reactions over the whole pH range
Authors: Yan Gang , Wu Caixia , Tan Huaqiao , Feng Xiaojia , Yan Likai , Zang Hongying , Li Yangguang
Published: November 2016

A N-carbon coated P-modified W2C composite (P-W2C@NC), prepared by annealing a mixture of H3PW12O40and dicyandiamide, exhibits excellent HER electrocatalytic activity and durability over the whole pH range.
BSA-exfoliated WSe2 nanosheets as a photoregulated carrier for synergistic photodynamic/photothermal therapy
Authors: Jia Xiaodan , Bai Jing , Ma Zhifang , Jiang Xiue
Published: November 2016

BSA-exfoliated WSe2 nanosheets are utilized as efficient photothermal agents and smart photoregulated carriers to load MB for photodynamic/photothermal synergistic therapy.
Acute Beneficial Effects of Muscular Counterpulsation in Patients with Coronary Heart Diseases
Authors: Alshibaya Michael , Veselova Julia , Bockeria Leo , Lapanashvili Larry
Published: November 2016

This prospective pilot study was designed to investigate the acute hemodynamic effects and clinical applicability of muscular counterpulsation (MCP), a one-shot procedure for biomechanical circulatory support. The study included 17 consecutive patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and impaired ejection fraction (EF ≤45%) who underwent elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Patients were divided into control (n = 7) and treatment (n = 10) groups. MCP was applied through adhesive skin electrodes to the thighs and calves with a battery-powered, portable, ECG-triggered device for 15 minutes prior to general anesthesia. Standard ECG and invasive hemodynamic data were obtained from all patients. MCP was well tolerated in all patients, with no complications. Patients receiving MCP exhibited better cardiac function as indicated by reduced systemic vascular resistance and an augmented cardiac stroke index (+10%), which was maintained over time. After inducing general anesthesia via endotracheal intubation, the treatment group exhibited a reduced after-load (systemic vascular resistance index −28% and mean arterial pressure −10%) with increased left ventricular efficiency (stroke index/left ventricular stroke work index, +22%). Our findings indicate that MCP method was safe and easy to use in this patient population. In conclusion, a one-shot application of MCP prior to anesthesia was associated with an improvement in cardiac pump function and myocardial contractility.
Efficient molecular quantum dynamics in coordinate and phase space using pruned bases
Authors: Larsson H. R. , Hartke B. , Tannor D. J.
Published: November 2016

We present an efficient implementation of dynamically pruned quantum dynamics, both in coordinate space and in phase space. We combine the ideas behind the biorthogonal von Neumann basis (PvB) with the orthogonalized momentum-symmetrized Gaussians (Weylets) to create a new basis, projected Weylets, that takes the best from both methods. We benchmark pruned time-dependent dynamics using phase-space-localized PvB, projected Weylets, and coordinate-space-localized DVR bases, with real-world examples in up to six dimensions. For the examples studied, coordinate-space localization is the most important factor for efficient pruning and the pruned dynamics is much faster than the unpruned, exact dynamics. Phase-space localization is useful for more demanding dynamics where many basis functions are required. There, projected Weylets offer a more compact representation than pruned DVR bases.
Contributed Review: Review of thermal methods for space charge measurement
Authors: Imburgia A. , Romano P. , Caruso M. , Viola F. , Miceli R. , Riva Sanseverino E. , Madonia A. , Schettino G.
Published: November 2016

The space charge accumulation phenomenon has garnered great interest over the last two decades because of the increased use of direct current in high voltage electrical systems. In this context, a significant relevance has been achieved by the thermal methods, used for solid dielectrics. This paper presents a review of this non-destructive measurement system used for the measurement of space charge. The thermal pulse method, the thermal step method, and the laser intensity modulation method are described. For each configuration, the principle of operation, the thicknesses analyzed, and the spatial resolution are described, reporting also the main related applications.
Effect of surfactant shape on solvophobicity and surface activity in alcohol-water systems
Authors: Gil Phwey S. , Lacks Daniel J.
Published: November 2016

Here we study the relationship between a surfactant’s molecular shape and its tendency to partition to the interface in ethanol-water mixtures. In general, finding surfactants that are effective in alcohol-water mixtures is more challenging than finding ones that are effective in pure water. This is because the solvophobic effect that partitions surfactants from bulk solution to the interface becomes weaker as ethanol concentration increases. We use experiments and molecular dynamics to observe the effects of increasing surfactant tail length or width. The results show that increasing surfactant tail length causes the surfactant to partition to the surface better in low ethanol concentrations, but not at high ethanol concentrations. In comparison, increasing surfactant tail width causes the surfactant to partition to the surface better at higher concentrations of ethanol. We examine the liquid structure to elucidate the mechanisms that weaken the partitioning effect as ethanol concentration increases. Ethanol-water mixtures are nanoscopically heterogeneous with protic and aprotic regions in the bulk solution. We see that the surfactant tail is most likely to be solvated in the aprotic regions where it perturbs fewer hydrogen bonds.
Modeling for compression of field-reversed configurations by an imploding liner
Authors: Wang Xiaoguang , Wang Guanqiong , Liu Bin , Li Lulu , Yang Xianjun
Published: November 2016

This article proposes a one-dimensional physical model to investigate the compression of reversed-field configurations (FRCs) by an imploding cylindrical liner. In this model, axial contraction of FRCs is included and parallel thermal conduction is considered as well as the radial, approximately in the open field line region of FRCs. Comparison with Spencer's analytic model of FRCs adiabatic compression shows similar results. Modeling results also indicate that classical transport model is preferred in the magnetized target fusion regime and axial contraction plays an important role in the dynamics of compression of FRCs using an imploding liner.
Experimental study of the volumetric recombination under energetic ion flow using a radio-frequency plasma source
Authors: Takahashi H. , Okamoto A. , Nakamura D. , Miura T. , Boonyarittipong P. , Kitajima S.
Published: November 2016

Helium volumetric recombination under energetic helium ion flow was investigated using a radio-frequency plasma source and an ion beam injector. Visible and ultraviolet light emission was compared with and without energetic ion injection. In the beam injection case, line emissions from helium Rydberg atoms decreased whereas no clear difference was observed in electron temperature determined using continuum emission, which insists that bulk plasma properties were not affected by energetic ions but population density distribution of atoms. It was indicated that the charge exchange momentum transfer from energetic ions to Rydberg atoms and ion impact transition could account for the emission intensity reduction.
Generation of shear waves by laser in soft media in the ablative and thermoelastic regimes
Authors: Grasland-Mongrain Pol , Lu Yuankang , Lesage Frédéric , Catheline Stefan , Cloutier Guy
Published: November 2016

This article describes the generation of elastic shear waves in a soft medium using a laser beam. Our experiments show two different regimes depending on laser energy. Physical modeling of the underlying phenomena reveals a thermoelastic regime caused by a local dilatation resulting from temperature increase and an ablative regime caused by a partial vaporization of the medium by the laser. The computed theoretical displacements are close to the experimental measurements. A numerical study based on the physical modeling gives propagation patterns comparable to those generated experimentally. These results provide a physical basis for the feasibility of a shear wave elastography technique (a technique that measures a soft solid stiffness from shear wave propagation) by using a laser beam.
Band offset in (Ga, In)As/Ga(As, Sb) heterostructures
Authors: Gies S. , Weseloh M. J. , Fuchs C. , Stolz W. , Hader J. , Moloney J. V. , Koch S. W. , Heimbrodt W.
Published: November 2016

A series of (Ga, In)As/GaAs/Ga(As, Sb) multi-quantum well heterostructures is analyzed using temperature- and power-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Pronounced PL variations with sample temperature are observed and analyzed using microscopic many-body theory and band structure calculations based on the k⋅p method. This theory-experiment comparison reveals an unusual, temperature dependent variation of the band alignment between the (Ga, In)As and Ga(As, Sb) quantum wells.
Structural, electrical, and optical characterization of as grown and oxidized zinc nitride thin films
Authors: Trapalis A. , Heffernan J. , Farrer I. , Sharman J. , Kean A.
Published: November 2016

Zinc Nitride (Zn3N2) films were grown by DC sputtering of a Zn target in a N2 plasma under a variety of different growth conditions, which resulted in the deposition of films with variable compositions. The as deposited films exhibited a polycrystalline Zn3N2 structure, which was converted to a ZnO-based structure after several weeks of ambient exposure. Zn3N2 films that were N-poor exhibited electrical properties indicative of a natively doped semiconductor and reached a minimum carrier concentration in the order of 1018 cm−3 at compositions, which approached the stoichiometric ratio of Zn3N2. A maximum carrier mobility of 33 cm2 V−1 s−1 was obtained in N-rich films due to an improved microstructure. The Zn3N2 films had an optical band gap of 1.31–1.48 eV and a refractive index of 2.3–2.7. Despite a wide range of Zn3N2 samples examined, little variation of its optical properties was observed, which suggests that they are closely related to the band structure of this material. In contrast to the as grown films, the oxidized film had a band gap of 3.44 eV and the refractive index was 1.6–1.8, similar to ZnO and Zn(OH)2.
Hopf bifurcation control for a class of delay differential systems with discrete-time delayed feedback controller
Authors: Su Huan , Mao Xuerong , Li Wenxue
Published: November 2016

This paper is concerned with the asymptotical stabilization for a class of unstable delay differential equations. Continuous-time delayed feedback controller (C-TDFC) and discrete-time delayed feedback controller (D-TDFC) are presented and studied, respectively. To our best knowledge, applying Hopf bifurcation theory to delay differential equations with D-TDFC is original and meaningful. The difficulty brought by the introduction of sampling period has been overcome. An effective control range which ensures the asymptotical stability of equilibrium for the system with C-TDFC is obtained. Sequently, another effective control range for the system with D-TDFC is gotten, which approximates the one of C-TDFCS provided that the sampling period is sufficiently small. Meanwhile, efforts are paid to estimate a bound on sampling period. Finally, the theoretical results are applied to a physiological system to illustrate the effectiveness of the two control ranges.
Synthesis of large monolayer single crystal MoS2 nanosheets with uniform size through a double-tube technology
Authors: Tu Zhiyun , Li Gaoda , Ni Xia , Meng Leixin , Bai Suo , Chen Xiaobo , Lou Junjie , Qin Yong
Published: November 2016

Two-dimensional MoS2 attracts much attention because of its potential application in electronic and optoelectronic devices at present. However, the preparation of large and uniform single crystal MoS2 nanosheets is still a challenge, which restricts its further application. Herein, monolayer single crystal MoS2 nanosheets with large and uniform grain size have been synthesized by chemical vapor deposition using a double-tube system. Within the main growth area, the grain size reaches 146 μm on the substrate of SiO2/Si, and the portion of MoS2 nanosheets with grain size between 50 μm and 100 μm is up to 78%. Meanwhile, the grain size keeps constant in the direction perpendicular to the tubes and changes slightly in the parallel direction. This is attributed to the concentration distribution of intermediate product MoO3−x in the one-side sealed inner tube set in a quartz tube, i.e., the double-tube system, which provides a way to the controllable and uniform synthesis of large monolayer single crystal MoS2 nanosheets.
Spin-orbit torques in perpendicularly magnetized Ir22Mn78/Co20Fe60B20/MgO multilayer
Authors: Wu Di , Yu Guoqiang , Chen Ching-Tzu , Razavi Seyed Armin , Shao Qiming , Li Xiang , Zhao Bingcheng , Wong Kin L. , He Congli , Zhang Zongzhi , Khalili Amiri Pedram , Wang Kang L.
Published: November 2016

The current-induced spin-orbit torques (SOTs) in the perpendicularly magnetized Ir22Mn78/Co20Fe60B20/MgO structures are investigated. The damping- and field-like torques are characterized using a harmonic technique. The spin Hall angle of Ir22Mn78 is determined to be θSHE = +0.057 ± 0.002. The SOT-driven magnetization switching is also demonstrated with the assistance of an external in-plane field. Furthermore, the magneto-optical Kerr effect imaging experiments show that the magnetization switching is realized through domain nucleation and domain wall motion. These results may promise potential practical applications in high-performance SOT devices based on the antiferromagnetic materials.
Generation of two types of nonclassical optical states using an optical parametric oscillator with a PPKTP crystal
Authors: Huo Meiru , Qin Jiliang , Yan Zhihui , Jia Xiaojun , Peng Kunchi
Published: November 2016

As important members of nonclassical states of light, squeezed states and entangled states are basic resources for realizing quantum measurements and constructing quantum information networks. We experimentally demonstrate that the two types of nonclassical optical states can be generated from an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) involving a periodically poled KTiOPO4 crystal with a domain-inversion period of 51.7 μm, by changing the polarization of the pump laser. When a vertically polarized 671 nm laser is used to pump the OPO, the intra-cavity frequency-down-conversion with type-0 quasi-phase matching is realized and the output optical beam is a quadrature amplitude squeezed state of light at the wavelength of 1342 nm with the fluctuation of quadrature component of 3.17 dB below the quantum noise limit (QNL). If the pump laser is horizontally polarized, the condition of the type-II quasi-phase matching is satisfied and the output optical beam becomes Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entangled state of light with correlation variances of both quadrature amplitude-sum and quadrature phase-difference of 2.2 dB below the corresponding QNL.
Restoration of the plasma discharge during density limit disruptions in the T-10 tokamak using electron cyclotron heating and ohmic power supply system
Authors: Savrukhin P. V. , Shestakov E. A.
Published: November 2016

Experiments in the T-10 tokamak [Alikaev et al., Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 30, 381 (1988)] have demonstrated the possibility of control of the plasma current and prevention of formation of the non-thermal (Eγ > 150 keV) electron beams after an energy quench at the density limit disruption using electron cyclotron heating (ECRH) and controlled operation of the Ohmic power supply system. Quasi-stable plasma operation with repetitive sawtooth oscillations can be restored after an energy quench using high auxiliary power Pec > 2–5 Poh. Optimal conditions of the plasma discharge recovery after an energy quench using auxiliary heating are identified. At high auxiliary power, restoration of the plasma discharge can be provided with the location of the EC resonance zone within the whole plasma cross section. The auxiliary power required for discharge restoration is minimal when the power is deposited around the m = 2, n = 1 magnetic island (here m and n poloidal and toroidal wave numbers). The threshold ECRH power increases linearly with plasma current. Prevention of the non-thermal electron beams during density limit disruption is associated with stabilization of bursts of the magnetohydrodynamic modes, creation of the saturated magnetic islands, and heating of the background plasma using ECRH. Plasma discharge recovery after an energy quench in a tokamak reactor using auxiliary heating and controllable reduction of the plasma current is discussed.
First-ever model simulation of the new subclass of solitons “Supersolitons” in plasma
Authors: Kakad Amar , Lotekar Ajay , Kakad Bharati
Published: November 2016

“Supersolitons,” the structures associated with the stationary solitary solutions with the Mach number greater than those associated with the double layers, were introduced in 2012. Later, many researchers have reported the existence domain of the supersolitons in different plasma constituents. However, their evolutionary dynamical behavior and stability were main concerns and were not yet explored. We performed fluid simulation of ion acoustic supersolitons in a plasma containing two-temperature electrons having kappa distributions in the presence of cold fluid ions. Our simulation shows that a specific form of the initial perturbation in the equilibrium electron and ion densities can evolve into ion acoustic supersolitons, which maintain their shape and size during their propagation. This is first-ever simulation to confirm the stability of the supersolitons that opens a new era in the field of solitary wave structures in space and laboratory plasmas.
Middle East synchrotron light source is set to start up
Authors: Feder Toni
Published: December 2016

SESAME is intended to nurture good science and good relations.
Changes in carbohydrate and protein fractions during ensiling of alfalfa treated with previously fermented alfalfa juice or lactic acid bacteria inoculants
Authors: Tao L. , Zhou H. , Zhang N.-F. , Si B.-W. , Tu Y. , Ma T. , Diao Q.-Y.
Published: November 2016

The effects of previously fermented juice (PFJ) prepared from alfalfa and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants on the dynamic changes of nutritive components in ensiled alfalfa after various ensiling periods were investigated by using the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System. The third-cut alfalfa was harvested at the budding stage, exposed to sunlight, weighed occasionally to estimate the dry matter (DM) content until the actual DM finally obtained was 347.8 g/kg fresh weight, and then chopped to 1–2-cm lengths. Chopped forages were treated with (1) distilled water (control), (2) alfalfa PFJ or (3) LAB at 1 mL/50 g fresh weight. The application amounts of PFJ and LAB to the fresh forage were 8.73 log (colony-forming units/mL) and 7.32 log (colony-forming units/mL) respectively. All silages were prepared in mini-silos of 100-mL polypropylene centrifuge tubes and kept in an incubator at 30°C, and triplicate silos from each treatment were opened after 1, 3, 7, 14 and 35 days of ensiling. Results suggested that silage treated with LAB and PFJ was of better quality than was the control silage, as evidenced by lower volatile fatty acid concentrations, as well as higher lactic acid, sugar, starch, soluble fibre and digestible natural detergent fibre production at various ensiling periods (P < 0.05), and a lower protein degradation as suggested by the low non-protein nitrogen production (P < 0.05). The effect of PFJ on alfalfa fermentation quality and protein degradation was greater than that of LAB, as evidenced by the lower pH value and volatile fatty acid content and the higher concentrations of lactic acid (P < 0.05). In addition, the cost of PFJ for 1 tonne of alfalfa silage is ~1/7–1/5 of that of LAB. In conclusion, adding PFJ to alfalfa forages before preservation as silage is a cost-effective way to improve the silage formation quality; in addition, its effect as a fermentation stimulant may be comparable to, or even better than, that of LAB inoculants at various ensiling periods.
Effects of the citrus flavonoid extract Bioflavex or its pure components on rumen fermentation of intensively reared beef steers
Authors: Seradj A. R. , Gimeno A. , Fondevila M. , Crespo J. , Armengol R. , Balcells J.
Published: November 2016

Two experiments were performed to study the effects of the citrus flavonoid extract Bioflavex (BF; Interquim SA, FerrerHealthTech, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain) or its components on the rumen fermentation of a high-concentrate diet. In an in vivo experiment, eight Friesian steers (398 ± 12.2 kg bodyweight) fitted with a rumen cannula were given a basal concentrate (CTR) or a CTR supplemented with BF (450 mg/kg dry matter, DM) in a 2 × 4 crossover design. No differences were observed in performance parameters of BF and CTR steers. Diet BF increased pH values and the molar proportion of propionate and reduced lactate concentration as a result of an increase in the relative abundance of lactate-consuming microorganism Selenomomas ruminantium (P < 0.01) and Megaesphaera elsdenii (P = 0.06). In an in vitro experiment, the effect of BF and its pure flavonoid components added to the incubation medium was studied separately. Bioflavex and its main components naringine, neohesperidine (NH) and poncirine (PC) were added to the incubation medium at 500 µg/g DM, with the unsupplemented substrate also included as a control (CTR). After 12 h of incubation, flavonoid mixture and NH and PC reduced (P < 0.01) the volume of gas produced and the molar proportion of acetate (P < 0.01), and increased that of propionate (P < 0.01). PC reduced the relative quantification of Streptococcus bovis, whereas NH and BF increased the relative quantification of M. elsdenii in relation to CTR (P < 0.01). Bioflavex supplementation in steers in feedlot was effective in preventing a collapse in pH and it enhanced rumen fermentation efficiency through modifying the activity of lactate-consuming bacteria and a greater molar proportion of propionate and a reduction of that of acetate, suggesting its positive role in modulating the activity of rumen microbiota.
This changes everything: dynamic floras and the disruption of traditional taxonomic practice
Authors: Thiele K. R.
Published: November 2016

Flora writing has traditionally been an important but sporadic part of the taxonomic process. The gap between the completion of Bentham’s Flora australiensis and the commencement of the Flora of Australia project, for example, was 103 years. Floras are generally written by small teams (occasionally by single authors) based in single or coordinated networks of institutions, and function as authoritative, point-in-time syntheses of taxonomic activity during the years preceding their creation. Of course, since taxonomy is a dynamic and (potentially) open-ended science, it is often the case that as soon as a Flora treatment is published, it is rendered superseded by ongoing taxonomy. The traditional taxonomic process can, thus, be modelled as a cyclic alternation of open, unconstrained, more-or-less unmediated taxonomic activity (hypothesis generation) punctuated by short phases of synthesis, constraint and mediation (hypothesis consolidation). The opportunity to move from paper Flora publication to digital management and delivery of eFloras may substantially change this model. Although traditional Floras are understood to be unitary, authoritative, synthetic, sporadic and static, eFloras are expected to be unitary, authoritative, synthetic, continuous and dynamic. There is potential tension between the first three expectations of an eFlora (that it be unitary, authoritative and synthetic) and the last two (that it be continuous and dynamic). Resolving this tension may necessitate a change in the way taxonomy is conducted, mediated and managed; the implications of such change will need to be carefully considered, and the change will need to be carefully managed, to make the most of the opportunities of eFloras, while retaining the values of an open, vigorous taxonomic science.
Do people gesture more when instructed to?
Authors: Parrill Fey , Cabot John , Kent Hannah , Chen Kelly , Payneau Ann
Published: November 2016

Does being instructed to gesture encourage those with low gesture rates to produce more gestures? If participants do gesture more when asked to, do they produce the same kinds of gestures? Does this vary as a function of the type of discourse being produced? We asked participants to take part in three tasks, a quasi-conversational task, a spatial problem solving task, and a narrative task, in two phases. In the first they received no instruction, and in the second they were asked to gesture. The instruction to gesture did not change gesture rate or gesture type across phases. We suggest that while explicitly asking participants to gesture may not always achieve higher gesture rates, it also does not negatively impact natural behavior.
Finding source domain triggers
Authors: Lederer Jenny
Published: November 2016

Much recent research on figurative language and conceptual metaphor theory derives from corpus examination, and analysts are increasingly focused on the development of quantificational tools to reveal co-occurrence patterns indicative of source and target domain associations. Some mappings between source and target are transparent and appear in collocation patterns in natural language data. However, other metaphors, especially those that structure abstract processes, are more complex because the target domain is lexically divorced from the source. Using economic discourse as a case study, this paper introduces new techniques directed at the quantitative evaluation of metaphorical occurrence when target and source relationships are nonobvious. Constellations of source-domain triggers are identified in the data and shown to disproportionately emerge in topic-specific discourse.
Bare Argument Ellipsis and Focus
Authors: Konietzko Andreas
Published: November 2016

This monograph explores the syntax and information structure of bare argument ellipsis. The study concentrates on stripping, which is identified as a subtype of bare argument ellipsis typically associated with focus sensitive particles or negation. This monograph presents a unified account of stripping located at the syntax-information structure interface and argues for a licensing mechanism which is strongly tied to the focus properties of the construction. Under this view, types of bare argument ellipsis such as stripping and pseudostripping, which have received different treatments in the literature, are shown to be subject to the same licensing mechanism. This analysis is also extended to instances of bare argument ellipsis in embedded contexts, which have received little attention in the literature so far. Integrating theoretical and experimental reasoning, this study presents a series of experiments investigating the extraction, prosody and context properties of stripping and thus arrives at a comprehensive and unified account.
Confrontation and collaboration in the course of the election debate
Authors: Vasilyeva Alena L.
Published: November 2016

The study explores verbal conflict in an institutional context and examines how the election debate format and the moderators’ actions contribute to the emergence of confrontation between themselves and the debaters, what communicative practices the debaters use to resist an institutionally preferred form of interactivity, and how the moderators manage this situation. The findings show that conflict arises around face concerns and violations of the institutional order. The debaters make a number of moves to challenge the moderators and the debate format, such as addressing questions to the moderators, criticizing the moderators, disagreeing with them, refusing to respond to their questions, explicitly questioning the rules of the debate, and aligning with other candidates. The moderators manage conflict by giving the floor to another candidate, minimally acknowledging a candidate’s move, providing an account for their action, agreeing with a candidate, indicating a violation of institutional rules, and not responding to a candidate’s move.
Keep silent or keep talking!
Authors: Ionescu-Ruxăndoiu Liliana
Published: November 2016

The paper approaches silence as a pragmatically relevant component of the dialogue. My aim is to illustrate the diversity of meanings and functions silence can discursively actualize, depending on the communicative situation. As a collectivistic, relationship oriented culture, Romanian culture is characterized by a preference for positive politeness strategies and accordingly by silence avoidance. Special attention will be given to the social, cultural, and individual parameters which determine the speaker to prefer silence to speech, as well as to the receiver’s position towards silence (accepted, rejected, or requested silences). I shall also have in view the relationship between the influence of individual factors and the socio-cultural tradition in actualizing silence. The data are excerpted from some corpora of spoken Romanian, as well as from a number of literary texts, given the fact that usually the latter reflect the prototypical behaviour of certain social groups or of some representatives of these groups.
Gender marking and the feminine imaginary in Arabic
Authors: Guellouz Mariem
Published: November 2016

In classical and dialectal Arabic syntax, linguists identify two opposite genders:
masculine and feminine. The latter is linguistically marked by the morpheme
a(t) (called fatha) while the former is considered unmarked and there is no
neuter. The morphosyntactical rule of feminine marking seems to be obvious: it
consists of adding a feminine inflection.
Yet, this morphosyntactic marking does not apply systematically. Some
adjectives do not have any feminine inflections despite describing
physiological and psychological female phenomena for instance, hamel ‘pregnant’,
taliq ‘repudiated’, thaib ‘widow’, mourdhi ‘breast feeder’, tamich ‘postmenopausal
woman’. This chapter addresses the following two questions: Why
does the gender marker disappear in such typical cases relating specifically to
female biological states? If we suppose these lexical units are masculinized, what
does this say about the social imaginary regarding gender and especially, the feminine?
Gender bias in Bantu languages
Authors: Crequi Ngoyi Tshimanga Francis
Published: November 2016

The use of the masculine as unmarked (Quirk 1968; Swan 1984; Pauwels 2003)
in a covert gender language such as English (Baugh and Cable 1978; Quirk, Greenbaum, Leech and Svartvik
1985), has been singled out as the most prominent feature favouring discriminatory
language (Sunderland 2006; Mills 1995). On the other hand, Bantu
languages are said to be “genderless” (Prewitt-Freilino, Caswell and Laakso
2012, 269), what leads to the common view that they are sexism-free. This chapter
aims to show that Bantu languages are also gender-biased, despite the lack
of grammatical gender; and a case in point is Cilubà (L31), a Bantu Language
spoken in the D. R. Congo. Accordingly, the chapter sets out to: (1) indicate and
explore different areas of gender bias in this language; (2) reveal some gender
ideologies constructed through different linguistic forms; (3) trigger language
awareness, with a view to implementing gender-neutral linguistic habits.
The lexical paradigm based on sex distinction and the semantics
of its constituents in English and Belarusian
Authors: Turchynskaya Maryia
Published: November 2016

The basic idea developed in the paper is that the constituents of the lexical
paradigm based on sex distinction may share other common characteristics
apart from such core semantic features as ‘male/female’ ‘animate’ ‘being’. A
complex contrastive analysis of the paradigm under investigation in English and
Belarusian reveals a wide spectrum of perceptual, physiological, psychological
and behavioural gender-based attributes profiled in the meanings of its members
in both languages studied. The research makes it obvious that characteristics
based on gender may accompany different nouns denoting animate beings
of opposite sex and, therefore, have systematic character.
When She and He become It
Authors: Hadjidemetriou Chryso
Published: November 2016

This paper is based on empirical data with adult speakers bilingual in Armenian
and Cypriot Greek and examines the results of the contact between Armenian
and Cypriot Greek (CG) in Cyprus. The focus is on the use of the grammatical
gender of CG by the Armenians of Cyprus. The speakers interviewed are
divided into two groups: (a) Cypriot-Armenians (CyAs) who were born in or
arrived to Cyprus as infants, and (b) non-Cypriot-Armenians (non-CyAs) who
arrived to Cyprus as teenagers or young adults. Variables such as age, sex, generation
for the CyA group and length of exposure to CG and intensity of contact
for the non-CyA group are taken into consideration. The overall results show
that the use of grammatical gender is problematic for both groups exhibiting
similarities in terms of the location of grammatical deviations in noun phrases,
difficulties in gender agreement, and the preference for the use of the neuter
gender.
Harlots and whores but not lovers
Authors: Echeverria Begona
Published: November 2016

Using a historical sociolinguistic theoretical approach (Conde-Silvestre and
Hernandez-Campoy 2012, 1), this paper shows that a mid-19th century Catholic
Old Testament utilizes the second-person singular pronoun for a female
addressee (noka) to construct sexual and/or violent imagery, which contributed to
noka’s loss and “semantic derogation” (Schulz 1975) over time. Focus is placed on
noka for several reasons: (1) it is the only place in the Basque language (Euskera)
where female gender is marked, as Euskera has no natural or grammatical gender;
(2) my previous ethnographic and archival research suggests that the use of noka
is considered disrespectful, “looked badly upon” and associated with “dangerous”
women like witches; (3) my previous research on Catholic texts in particular
shows that familiar pronouns are used sparingly, and almost always to condemn,
castigate or cast out demons; (4) noka has historically been a key marker of
solidarity, konfiantza (‘trust’) and ‘authentic’ Basque identity; but the negative cast
upon noka, I suggest, discourages its use for such solidarity-building purposes.
The policy maker in conference interpreting and its hegemonic power
Authors: Zwischenberger Cornelia
Published: November 2016

This paper sets out to explore the concept of hegemony in the field of conference interpreting practice. It presents the International Association of Conference Interpreters (AIIC) as the hegemon in conference interpreting and examines its power as a policy maker. The paper associates this type of investigation with the sociological turn in conference interpreting research. It takes two large-scale surveys by Feldweg (1996) and Zwischenberger (2013) as its starting point, based on the self-representations of conference interpreter members of AIIC. The examples taken from these two surveys reveal a consistent degree of consensus and highlight the hegemonic power exerted by AIIC. This study’s main focus is on appropriating the hegemony concept for conference interpreting and thereby showing that AIIC governs the entire field of conference interpreting practice. AIIC’s power as a policy maker is based on a large degree of consent, although its hegemonic power is not uncontested.
Human factors in machine translation and post-editing among institutional translators
Authors: Cadwell Patrick , Castilho Sheila , O'Brien Sharon , Mitchell Linda
Published: November 2016

In September 2015, the ADAPT Centre for Digital Content Technology carried out a focus group study of 70 translators at the
European Commission’s Directorate-General for Translation (DGT). The aim was to better understand the factors involved in the
translators’ adoption and non-adoption of machine translation (MT) during their translation tasks. Our analysis showed that, while
broadly positive attitudes to MT could be observed, MT was not consistently adopted for all tasks. We argue that ergonomic factors
related to a human translator’s needs, abilities, limitations, and overall well-being heavily impacted on participants’ decisions
to use MT or not in their tasks. We further claim that it is only by taking into account the special institutional circumstances
in which the activity of DGT translation is situated that these ergonomic factors can be fully understood and explained.
Assessing translation students’ acquisition of professional competences
Authors: Eskelinen Juha , Pakkala-Weckström Mari
Published: November 2016

This article describes assessment methods in undergraduate translation courses from English into the students’ native language at
the University of Helsinki, Finland. We consider and attempt to develop assessment according to the principle of constructive
alignment in the process of both teaching and learning of translators’ professional competences (as defined by Gambier et al. 2009
and Kelly 2005), which are discussed in relation to our course aims and intended outcomes. The primary methods of assessment
described and analysed include students’ reflective translation commentaries, teacher feedback and end of course portfolios. We
argue, based on both our teaching experience and student comments, that in spite of some obvious challenges, this assessment
system is an effective way of measuring the students’ acquisition of translation competences, as well as acting as a scaffold in
the process.
Carbon nanotubes as carriers of Panax ginseng metabolites and enhancers of ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 anti-cancer activity
Authors: Lahiani Mohamed H , Eassa Souzan , Parnell Charlette , Nima Zeid , Ghosh Anindya , Biris Alexandru S , Khodakovskaya Mariya V
Published: November 2016

A major benefit to nanomaterial based-medicine is the ability to provide nanosized vehicles for sporadic metabolites. Here, we describe how the conjugation of valuable ginseng secondary metabolites (ginsenoside Rb1 or Rg1) with carbon nanotubes (CNT) can enhance their anti-proliferative and anti-cancer effects. Ginsenoside-CNT conjugate (Rb-CNT or Rg-CNT) permitted the ginsenosides to be used at a low dose, yet achieve a higher incidence of cancer killing. We were able to demonstrate that the ginsenoside-CNT conjugate can decrease cell viability up to 62% in breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and enhance antiproliferation of drug-resistant pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1) by 61%. The interaction of the ginsenoside-CNT conjugate with breast cancer cells was studied using Raman Spectroscopy mapping. Total transcriptome profiling (Affymetrix platform) of MCF-7 cells treated with the ginsenoside-CNT conjugate shows that a number of cellular, apoptotic and response to stimulus processes were affected. Therefore, our data confirmed the potential use of CNT as a drug delivery system.
Schur-Weyl duality and the free Lie algebra
Authors: Doty Stephen , Douglass J.
Published: November 2016

We prove an analogue of Schur-Weyl duality for the space of homogeneous Lie polynomials of degreerrinnnvariables.
Dynamical simplices and minimal homeomorphisms
Authors: Ibarlucía Tomás , Melleray Julien
Published: November 2016

We give a characterization of sets

K
K

of probability measures on a Cantor space

X
X

with the property that there exists a minimal homeomorphism

g
g

of

X
X

such that the set of

g
g

-invariant probability measures on

X
X

coincides with

K
K

. This extends theorems of Akin (corresponding to the case when

K
K

is a singleton) and Dahl (when

K
K

is finite-dimensional). Our argument is elementary and different from both Akin’s and Dahl’s.