bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A RESPONSABILIZAÇÃO PENAL DA FAMÍLIA PELO FRACASSO ESCOLAR E A INTERVENÇÃO MÍNIMA DO ESTADO:EFEITOS NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA DIANOPOLINA
Authors: Dos Santos Marcos Antonio , Calheiros Bigeli Eduardo , Schelive Correia Italo
Published: February 2021

Este artigo parte da descrição do Código Penal vigente sobre a responsabilização penal da família pelo fracasso escolar, em paralelo com o princípio da intervenção mínima do estado e seu próprio poder disciplinador, analisando a realidade da educação básica do município de Dianópolis/TO. Estudou-se a participação dos pais na vida escolar dos filhos, especialmente quanto às consequências jurídicas, como mecanismo de prevenção à marginalização. Utilizou-se o método bibliográfico, analisando a legislação específica, relatórios de órgãos educacionais e do Conselho Tutelar dos Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente, além de consulta popular em plataforma virtual. Constatou-se que, dos 3.886 alunos matriculados na educação básica dianopolina, figuram 1,6% no índice de abandono escolar, e que a maioria desses casos está vinculada ao tipo de convívio familiar, concentrando-se em alunos com idade dos 11 aos 14 anos, não havendo no último quinquênio, nenhuma judicialização de casos relacionados.
ANÁLISE CONSTITUCIONAL DA CASTRAÇÃO QUÍMICA APLICADA AOS DELINQUENTES SEXUAIS
Authors: Alves Cristiano Sial da Silva
Published: February 2021

As formas punitivas tradicionais têm se demonstrado ineficazes para retrair os altos índices de violência sexual. Os países buscam penas alternativas para evitar a reincidência. Nesse sentido, projetos de leis e de emenda constitucional vêm sendo propostos objetivando a introdução da pena de castração química aos delinquentes sexuais. Para tanto, a análise da (in) constitucionalidade desse tipo de sanção – através de uma abordagem feita a partir do estudo dos direitos da personalidade, direitos humanos, dignidade da pessoa humana e da definição, no plano nacional e internacional, da punição de caráter cruel – é imperioso. Esse viés constitucional será estudado por intermédio das disposições dos projetos de leis brasileiros e da legislação internacional. Por fim, o estudo apresentará tal sanção focando a limitação da intervenção estatal sobre o corpo do condenado, observando os postulados básicos da Constituição Federal, bem como sintonia com tratados e convenções internacionais.
Does Symptom Recognition Improve Self-Care in Patients With Heart Failure? A Growth Latent Model
Authors: Pereira Sousa Joana , Neves Hugo , Pais-Vieira Miguel
Published: February 2021

Patients with heart failure have difficulty in self-care management, as daily monitoring and recognizing symptoms do not readily trigger an action to avoid hospital admissions. The purpose of this study was to understand the impact of a nurse-led complex intervention on symptom recognition and fluid restriction. A latent growth model was designed to estimate self-care management and quality of life changes on patients with heart failure and assessed by a pilot study, for three months, to sixty-three patients (33 control, 30 intervention). Patients in the control group had a higher risk of hospitalisation (IRR 11.36; p<.001) and emergency admission (IRR 4.24; p<.001) at three-months follow-up. Analysis of the time scores demonstrated that the intervention group had a clear improvement in self-care behaviours (βSlope. Assign-ment_group=-.881; p<.001) and in the quality of life (βSlope. Assignment_group=1.739; p<.001). This study supports that a nurse-led program on symptom recognition and fluid restriction can have a positive impact on self-care behaviours and quality of life in patients with heart failure.
Dynamics of Aqueous “Liquid Marbles” in Three Dimensional Biphasic Systems
Authors: Kushagra Arindam , Dasgupta Uddipan
Published: February 2021

Liquid marbles are defined as hydrophilic liquid droplets that are coated with hydrophobic powdered materials. Till now, the behaviour of liquid marbles has been studied for triphasic systems comprising of the constituent hydrophilic phase, the hydrophobic coating and ambient air. In this article, we report the dynamics of aqueous droplets of varying pH (i.e. acidic, neutral and basic, respectively) moving under the influence of gravity in commonly available mustard oil. We find that the said dynamics could be divided into four parts: (i) formation of hanging aqueous droplets from the top surface of oil, (ii) oblate spheroid droplets moving at constant velocity due to viscous drag, (iii) distant repulsive interactions between two droplets due to “reverse Cheerios effect” and (iv) final impact between the two droplets explained by viscoelastic sliding friction over a compliant surface. This work would be of great interest to researchers working in the domain of interfacial phenomena like oil exploration, biomedical engineering, food technology and towards the realization of droplet-based microfluidic computational platforms for “more than Moore’s” paradigm in the domain of unconventional computation.
Crack Propagation Modeling of Strengthening of RC Deep Beams With CFRP Plates
Authors: Shahbazpanahi Shahriar , Karim Hogr , Abdullah Wrya , Mosavi Amir
Published: February 2021

Fracture analysis of reinforced concrete deep beam strengthened with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates was carried out. The present research aims to find out whether the crack propagation in a strengthened deep beam follows linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) theory or nonlinear fracture mechanics theory. To do so, a new energy release rate based on nonlinear fracture mechanics theory was formulated on the finite element method and the discrete cohesive zone model (DCZM) was developed in deep beams. To validate and compare with numerical models, three deep beams with rectangular cross-sections were tested. The code results based on nonlinear fracture mechanics models were compared with experimental results and ABAQUS results carried out based on LEFM. The predicted values of initial stiffness, yielding point and failure load, energy absorption, and compressive strain in the concrete obtained by the proposed model were very close to the experimental results. However, the ABAQUS software results have greater differences with the experimental results. For example, the predicted failure load for the shear-strengthened deep beam using the proposed model has only 6.3% differences compared to the experimental result. However, the predicted failure load using ABAQUS software based on LEFM has greater differences (25.1%) compared to the experimental result.
Vertexes in Kinetic Space-Matter With Local Stresses Instead of Localized Particles With Distant Gravitation
Authors: Bulyzhenkov Igor
Published: February 2021

Due to the fact that negative energies have no existence in physical reality, the advanced mechanics of purely positive energies should describe gravitational interactions and collisions in monistic terms of extended kinetic energies and their local stresses. Such non-Newtonian mechanics of continuous inertial densities reinforces the Cartesian concept of matter-extension in the metric formalism of Einstein-Grossmann with a supplemental (dark, aether) fraction of bi-vertex mass-energy distributions. Local accelerations or decelerations of mono-vertex material densities in a multi-vertex distribution of complete kinetic energy arise under its constant integral due to nonlocal organization of continuous densities. Such integral conservation of the distributed mass-energy occurs instantaneously throughout the whole continuum of correlated densities and metric stresses despite the time-varying contributions of complementary mono-vertex and bi-vertex fractions. Under the nonlocal organization of purely kinetic (positive) mass-energy, geodesic self-heating and self-cooling of the pulsating space-matter conserve the integral energy in the two-fraction virial theorem for the averaged motion of visible mono-vertexes in the presence of invisible bi-vertex (interference, dark) mass-energy. Metric stresses of such material space are subordinate to nonlocal self-government of continuously distributed kinetic energy, including the relativistic rest-energy of General Relativity. These mutually consistent or correlated stresses in inertial space-time-energy create timelessly coordinated self-accelerations, observed for dense material volumes as distant gravitational pulls. In order to falsify/verify the nonlocal self-organization of adaptive kinetic energy, the monistic mechanics of self-consistent inertial densities and metric stresses can suggest moderate field changes in the temporal redshift, cycles of geodetic falls and takeoffs in pulsating kinetic organizations, and the calculated acceleration of the expanding Metagalaxy in its current phase of geodesic self-cooling.
Epstein-Barr virus LMP1 modulates the CD63 interactome
Authors: Cheerathodi Mujeeb , Nkosi Dingani , Cone Allaura S. , York Sara B. , Meckes Jr. David G.
Published: February 2021

Abstract Tetraspanin CD63 is a cluster of cell surface proteins with four transmembrane domains which associates with tetraspanin-enriched microdomains and typically localizes to late endosomes and lysosomes. CD63 plays an important role in cellular trafficking of different proteins, EV cargo sorting and vesicles formation. We have preciously shown that CD63 is important in LMP1 trafficking to EVs and this also affects LMP1 mediated intracellular signaling including MAPK/ERK, NF-κB and mTOR activation. Using the BioID combined with mass spectrometry, we sought to define the broad CD63 interactome and how LMP1 modulates this network of interacting proteins. We identified a total of 1600 total proteins as proximal interacting newtwork of proteins to CD63. Biological process enrichment analysis revealed significant involvement in signal transduction, cell communication, protein metabolism and transportation. The CD63 only interactome was enriched in Rab GTPases, SNARE proteins and sorting nexins while adding LMP1 into the interactome increased presence of signaling and ribosomal proteins. Our results showed that LMP1 alters the CD63 interactome, shifting the network of proteins enrichment from protein localization and vesicle mediated transportation to metabolic processes and translation. We also show that LMP1 interacts with mTor, Nedd4L and PP2A indicating formation of a multiprotein complex with CD63 thereby potentially regulating LMP1 dependent mTor signaling. Collectively, the comprehensive analysis of CD63 proximal interacting proteins provides insights into network of partners required for endocytic trafficking, extracellular vesicle cargo sorting, formation and secretion.
Machine Learning-Based Approach to Predict Insect-Herbivory-Damage and Insect-Type Attack in Maize Plants Using Hyperspectral Data
Authors: Furuya Danielle Elis Garcia , Faita Pinheiro Mayara Maezano , Gomes Felipe David Georges , Gonçalves Wesley Nunes , Marcato Júnior José , Rodrigues Diego de Castro , Blassioli-Moraes Maria Carolina , Michereff Mirian Fernandes Furtado , Borges Miguel , Alberto Alaumann Raúl , Ferreira Ednaldo José , Marques Ramos Ana Paula , Osco Lucas Prado , Jorge Lúcio André de Castro
Published: February 2021

A strategy to reduce qualitative and quantitative losses in crop-yields refers to early and accurate detection of insect-damage caused in plants. Remote sensing systems like hyperspectral proximal sensors are a promising strategy for managing crops. In this aspect, machine learning predictions associated with clustering techniques may be an interesting approach mainly because of its robustness to evaluate high dimensional data. In this paper, we model the spectral response of insect-herbivory-damage in maize plants and propose an approach based on machine learning and a clustering method to predict whether the plant is herbivore-attacked or not using leaf reflectance measurements. We differentiate insect-type damage based on the spectral response and indicate the most contributive wavelengths to perform it. For this, we used a maize experiment in semi-field conditions. The maize plants were submitted to three different treatments: control (health plants); plants submitted to Spodoptera frugiperda herbivory-damage, and; plants submitted to Dichelops melacanthus herbivory-damage. The leaf spectral response of all plants (controlled and submitted to herbivory) was measured with a FieldSpec 3.0 Spectroradiometer from 350 to 2500 nm for eight consecutive days. We evaluated the performance of different learners like random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), extreme gradient boost (XGB), neural networks (MLP), and measured the impact of a day-by-day analysis into the prediction. We proposed a novel framework with a ranking strategy, based on the accuracy returned by predictions, and a clusterization method based on a self-organizing map (SOM) to identify important regions in the reflectance measurement. Our results indicated that the RF-based framework algorithm is the overall best learner to deal with this type of data. After the 5th day of analysis, the accuracy of the algorithm improved substantially. It separated the three treatments into different groups with an F-measure equal to 0.967, 0.917, and 0.881, respectively. We also verified that the most contributive spectral regions are situated in the near-infrared domain. We conclude that the proposed approach with machine learning methods is adequate to monitor herbivory-damage of S. frugiperda and stink bugs like Dichelops melacanthus in maize, differentiating the types of insect-attack early on. We also demonstrate that the framework proposed for the analysis of the most contributive wavelengths is suitable to highlight spectral regions of interest.
JNK Pathway in CNS Pathologies
Authors: de los Reyes Corrales Teresa , Losada-Pérez María , Casas-Tintó Sergio
Published: February 2021

The c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) signalling pathway is a conserved response to a wide range of internal and external cellular stress signals. Besides the stress response, the JNK pathway is involved in a series of vital regulatory mechanisms during development and adulthood that are critical to maintain tissue homeostasis. These mechanisms include the regulation of apoptosis, growth, proliferation, differentiation, migration and invasion. The JNK pathway has such a diverse functionality and cell-tissue specificity, that it has emerged as a key player in regeneration, tumorigenesis and other pathologies such as neurodegenerative diseases. The JNK pathway is highly active in the central nervous system (CNS), and plays a central role for the cells to cope with pathophysiological insults during both development and adulthood. Among the many mechanisms described in the literature, in this review we focus on the JNK pathway functions in pathologies of the CNS. More specifically, we discuss some newly identified examples and mechanisms of JNK-driven tumor progression in glioblastoma, regeneration/repair after an injury in the CNS, neurodegeneration, and neuronal cell death. Recent studies have shown that the JNK pathway regulates matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) production in response to cytoneme/tumor microtubes formation and Wingless (Wg)/WNT pathway activation in glioblastoma cells. Thus, JNK pathway is essential for glioblastoma progression, infiltration and non-autonomous induction of neurodegeneration. In regeneration, the JNK pathway controls Draper (Drpr) expression in glial cells that mediate engulfment and regeneration of the CNS upon injury.
Correlation Between the Bilingual Status and the Onset Age of AD and MCI Subjects: Evidence from the ADNI Dataset
Authors: Li Jason , Han Yang , Lam Jacqueline , Li Victor , Matthews Stephen , Cheung Lawrence , Yip Virginia , Downey Jocelyn , Chan Danny , Gozes Illana
Published: February 2021

Background: This paper investigates the statistical relationship between bilingualism and the Onset Age (OA) of AD and MCI across a clinical sample, consisting of 580 Alzheimer's Disease (AD) subjects and 1264 Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) subjects, via a statistical analysis conducted on the sample retrieved from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset. Method: To investigate whether bilingualism has any correlation with the OAs of AD or MCI subjects, our study leverages the full potential of the ADNI dataset, a dataset that covers both the OA and the bilingualism status of both the AD and MCI subjects. Prior to performing any meaningful statistical analysis, a regression model and a probabilistic model were developed in parallel to fill in the missing OA and bilingualism values. A simple least-square regression model that consists of an independent variable of registered age for Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score was used to estimate the OA of the AD and MCI subjects in the ADNI dataset. After filling in the missing OA values, the number of subjects relevant for the statistical analysis increased from 816 (AD: 371, MCI: 445) to 1844 (AD: 580, MCI: 1264), which greatly enlarged the representation of the AD and MCI sample in the ADNI population. With increased sample size, a novel probabilistic classification model was introduced to infer an ADNI subject’s bilingualism when relevant demographic information and deterministic outcome were not readily available from the ADNI dataset. The weighted average OA for the bilinguals and the monolinguals was then computed, where the weights for the probabilistic labels were assigned based on the percentage of bilingualism in the general US population. Finally, a statistical analysis was performed to test whether any statistically significant correlation exists between the OA and the bilingualism of the AD and MCI subjects within the ADNI dataset. Findings: Our preliminary study demonstrates no significant statistical difference between the OA of the bilinguals and the monolinguals within the ADNI dataset. Thus, the monolingual speakers within the ADNI dataset do not statistically manifest earlier onset, as compared to the bilingual speakers, which is slightly inconsistent with some earlier statistical findings that bilingual speakers enjoy certain distinctive advantages, such as late onset of AD, as compared to monolingual counterparts.
Combining Nanopore and Illumina Sequencing Permits Detailed Analysis of Insertion Mutations and Structural Variations Produced by PEG-Mediated Transformation in Ostreococcus tauri
Authors: Thomy Julie , Sanchez Frederic , Gut Marta , Cruz Fernando , Alioto Tyler , Piganeau Gwenael , Grimsley Nigel , Yau Sheree
Published: February 2021

Ostreococcus tauri is a simple unicellular green alga representing an ecologically important group of phytoplankton in oceans worldwide. Modern molecular techniques must be developed in order to understand the mechanisms that permit adaptation of microalgae to their environment. We present for the first time in O. tauri a detailed characterization of individual genomic integration events of foreign DNA of plasmid origin after PEG-mediated transformation. Vector integration appears to be random, occurring mainly at a single locus, and thus confirming the utility of this technique for insertional mutagenesis. While the mechanism of double-stranded DNA repair in the O. tauri model remains to be elucidated, we clearly demonstrate by genome resequencing that the integration of the vector leads to frequent structural variations (deletions/insertions and duplications) and some chromosomal rearrangements in the genome at the insertion loci, and often within the vector sequence itself. From these observations, we speculate that a non-homologous end joining-like mechanism is required during random insertion events, as described in plants and other freshwater algal models. PEG-mediated transformation is therefore a promising molecular biology tool, not only for functional genomic studies, but also for biotechnological research in ecologically important marine algae.
Descriptive Analysis Of Clinical Presentation And Management Of Pancreatic Trauma At A Level I Trauma Centre
Authors: Al-Thani Hassan , Ramzee Ahmed Faidh , Al-Hassani Ammar , Strandvik Gustav , El-Menyar Ayman
Published: February 2021

Background: We aimed to study the frequency, management, and outcomes of patients with blunt pancreatic trauma. Methods: We reviewed the medical records for all patients admitted with pancreatic injuries between 2011 and 2017 at the only level 1 trauma center in the country. Results: There were 71 patients admitted with pancreatic trauma (0.6% of trauma admissions and 3.4% of abdominal injury admissions) with a mean age of 31 years. Sixty-two patients had pancreatic injury grade I-II and 9 had grade III-IV. Thirty-eight percent had GCS <9 and 73% had ISS >16. The level of pancreatic enzymes was significantly proportional to the grade of injury. Over half of patients required a laparotomy, of them 12 patients had an intervention on the pancreas. Eight patients developed complications related to pancreatic injuries ranging from pancreatitis to pancreatico-cutaneous fistula while 35% developed hemorrhagic shock. Mortality was 31% and regardless of the grade of injury, the mortality was associated with high ISS, low GCS and presence of hemorrhagic shock. Conclusion: Pancreatic injuries following blunt trauma are rare and the injured subjects are usually young male. However, most injuries are of low-grade severity. This study shows that shock, higher ISS and lower GCS are associated with worse in-hospital out-comes. Non-operative management may suffice in patients with lower grade injuries, which may not be the case in patients with higher grade injuries unless carefully selected
Greenery of Early Modernist Housing Estates on the Example of the Waldenburg (Wałbrzych) Agglomeration (1919-1927)
Authors: Ludwig Bogna
Published: February 2021

On the example of the Wałbrzych agglomeration housing estates once the most important mining and industrial region in Lower Silesia, this article illustrates the specific significance of the designing of green spaces, including urban layouts, and the issue of protecting unique trees and green spaces in the concepts of estates from the early modernism period after the First World War, in the years 1919-1927. The Wałbrzych housing settlements are crucial due to the fact that they were among the first of their kind, not only in Lower Silesia, but in the whole of the Weimar Republic. The concepts developed during the designing process soon spread beyond the borders of the country. On the basis of literature and source studies it was possible to reconstruct design ideas concerning the composition of green areas in most housing estates in the discussed area. The most interesting were presented, grouped according to the landscape and functional aspects of the use of greenery in housing estates. This made it possible to select specific solutions applied by designers, to indicate sources of inspiration and theoretically developed rules, which both then and now seem to be extremely adequate.
Definitions and Concepts for Quantitative Rockfall Hazard and Risk Analysis
Authors: Hantz Didier , Corominas Jordi , Crosta Giovanni B. , Jaboyedoff Michel
Published: February 2021

There is an increasing need for quantitative rockfall hazard and risk assessment that requires a precise definition of the terms and concepts used for this particular type of landslide. This paper suggests to use terms that appear to be the more logic and explicit as possible, and describes methods to derive some of the main hazard and risk descriptors. The terms and concepts presented concern the rockfall process (failure, propagation, fragmentation, modelling) and the hazard and risk descriptors, distinguishing the cases of localized hazards and diffused hazards. For a localized hazard, the failure probability of the considered rock compartment in a given period of time has to be assessed and the probability for a given element at risk to be impacted with a given energy must be derived combining the failure probability, the propagation probability and the exposure of the element. For a diffuse hazard that is characterized by a failure frequency, the number of rockfalls reaching the element at risk per unit of time and with a given energy (reach frequency) can be derived. However, when the element at risk is not replaced or repaired, the probability that it is impacted by at least one rockfall must be considered.
Los académicos del Instituto de Ingeniería y Tecnología de la UACJ y el Sistema Nacional de Investigadores
Authors: Camarillo Hinojoza Hugo Manuel
Published: February 2021

El objetivo del presente artículo es presentar los hallazgos de investigación sobre algunas experiencias y problemáticas de los profesores-investigadores del Instituto de Ingeniería y Tecnología (IIT) de la Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez (UACJ), al ser evaluada su productividad por parte del Sistema Nacional de Investigadores (SNI). El artículo se deriva de una investigación más amplia consistente en un comparativo de las experiencias y problemáticas de los académicos de distintas áreas de conocimiento de dos universidades públicas al ser evaluado su trabajo académico por parte del SNI y otros dos programas de evaluación académica en México. Para la recolección y análisis de los datos se utilizó una metodología cualitativa de corte interpretativo sustentado en la teoría fundamentada (grounded theory). Es un artículo original porque en la literatura especializada no existe otro que aborde el objetivo presentado. Además aporta a la comprensión de las dificultades particulares de los académicos en mención. En los resultados se propone el concepto de estancamiento de la distinción, que emergió a partir del proceso de análisis. Las limitaciones de este trabajo recaen en que los resultados y conclusiones no pueden generalizarse debido al empleo de una metodología cualitativa en el contexto de una organización académica.
Examining the driving factors of industrial CO2 emissions in Chinese cities using geographically weighted regression model
Authors: Wang Huiping , Zhang Xueying
Published: February 2021

The industrial sector is the sector with the largest CO2 emissions, and to reduce overall CO2 emissions, analysis of the impact factors holds significance. Based on the 2015 industrial CO2 emissions of 282 cities in China combined with economic and social data, and a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model, we analysed the characteristics of the spatial distribution of CO2 emissions and the influencing factors of spatial heterogeneity. The results show that China's urban industrial CO2 emissions present a significant spatial agglomeration state that includes Shandong, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Zhejiang, and Jiangsu, and the core of the coastal areas form a high-high (H-H) concentration; a low-low aggregation (L-L) is formed in less developed areas such as Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan and Guangxi. The influence of various factors on industrial CO2 emissions has significant spatial heterogeneity. The Industrial scale, industry share of GDP, and share of the service industry in GDP are factors that promote industrial CO2 emissions. The technological innovation, population density, and social investment in fixed assets are important factors that inhibit industrial CO2 emissions, but their impact on industrial CO2 emissions shows spatial differences. In contrast, the level of economic development, foreign direct investment, financial development and government intervention have a two-way impact on industrial CO2 emissions.
Cesarean Section: Risk Factors Threatening the Health of the Mother, the Fetus and Newborn: A Grounded Theory Study
Authors: Mostafayi Mehrnush , Imani Behzad
Published: February 2021

Background: The excessive increase of cesarean section and the mother's attitude towards performing a cesarean section, despite the health-related complications for mother, fetus, and newborn, are a current global concern. Identifying risk factors can be effective in reducing the maternal and infant mortality. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore risk factors threatening the health of the mother, fetus, and newborn in cesarean section.Methods: The present study is a grounded theory which was performed from December 2019 to July 2020 in Fatemieh Hospital, Hamadan / Iran. Purposive and theoretical sampling was used to recruit Gynecologist, anesthesiologists, pediatricians, operating room and anesthesia experts, and midwives working in the operating room. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 participants. Constant comparative analysis together with data collection. The analysis included open, axial, and selective coding to achieve data saturation. EQUATOR guidelines for qualitative research (COREQ) were applied.Results: After analyzing the data, 8 sub-categories and 3 main categories were extracted. The three main themes extracted from the interviews were as follows: (1) Background factors with sub-categories “high-risk pregnancy, unusual fetus, and background risk factor ", (2) Environmental factors with sub-categories "poor operating room facilities, lack of proper electro-surgery safety measures, excessive workload" and (3) Human factors with sub-categories "lack of medical team skills and by individual error of the medical team ".Conclusion: The results of this study provide an in-depth look at the risk factors threatening the health of the Mother, the Fetus and Newborn in cesarean section. According to the results of this study, obstetrics and gynecology operating rooms can prevent the occurrence of risks by using appropriate management methods and provide safe care to patients.
Combined SuPAR and qSOFA for predicting 28-day mortality in sepsis
Authors: Wang Lifeng , Tang Chao , He Shuangjun , Chen Yi , Xie Cuiying
Published: February 2021

Background and Purpose

To determine the prognostic performance of soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) in predicting the 28-day mortality of sepsis patients admitted to the emergency department (ED).
Methods

A prospective, single-center observational study was conducted between June 2018 and June 2019. In total, 175 patients with sepsis and septic shock admitted to the ED were enrolled based on the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3). We assessed the qSOFA score on ED admission and measured serum suPAR levels by quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Kaplan–Meier survival curves and areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for 28-day mortality were calculated. We estimated category-free net reclassification improvement (NRI) when suPAR was added to qSOFA.
Results

Increased suPAR levels were significantly associated with 28-day mortality (1337(962–2003) pg/ml in survivors vs. 1742(1238–2514) pg/ml in non-survivors, p = 0.011) and with sepsis severity (1337(986–1979) in sepsis vs. 1742(1215–2649) in septic shock, p = 0.039). Kaplan–Meier curves showed that suPAR ≥ 1382 pg/mL was associated with significantly higher 28-day mortality risk(P = 0.0028). The area under the curve (AUC) for the prediction of 28-day mortality was 0.646 for suPAR, 0.832 for qSOFA, and 0.860 for combined suPAR and qSOFA. Serum suPAR did not significantly increase the AUC of the basic qSOFA, but a model containing suPAR and qSOFA had a continuous NRI of 11% (95% CI :3.5–18.5% ; p = 0.004).
Conclusion

Serum suPAR is associated with sepsis severity and 28-day mortality. Adding suPAR to qSOFA may increase the ROC curve area and improve predictive value of qSOFA for outcome.
A review of appropriate indicators for need-based financial resource allocation in health systems
Authors: radinmanesh maryam , azar farbod ebadi fard , hashjin asgar aghaie , najafi behzad , majdzadeh reza
Published: February 2021

Background
optimal need-based financial resource allocation is one of the most prominent concerns of health systems; various criteria are required to guarantee its fairness. The aim of the present study was to identify the indicators needed to allocate financial resources in the world's health systems through a comprehensive review of studies. In this systematic review, all articles and reports published about need-based financial resource allocation in health systems between 1990 to 2020 in the reputable English language databases including PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Persian language databases such as magiran, SID and Google and Google scholar search engines were searched and studied. Of 823 articles found, 29 articles met the inclusion criteria for this study and were analyzed by the content analysis method using MAXQDA (version 10) software.
result
Many need-based resource allocation formulas attempt to estimate health care needs using weighting methods for individuals. The most commonly used indicators were: age, gender, socio-economic status or deprivation, ethnicity, standardized mortality ratio (SMR), modified health indicators (disease consequences, self-assessed health and disability), geographical area / place of residence (geography) (rural versus urban), cross-boundary flows, cost of services and donations.
Conclusion
The indicators used in the allocation of the financial resources of the health system in each country must be simple and transparent and at the same time must be in accordance with the moral norms of that society, must be a good representative of the people’s health needs in different geographical areas of that country and their information must be available (to an acceptable extent).
Cervical cancer screening “see and treat approach”: real-life uptake after invitation and associated factors at health facilities in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Destaw Alemnew , Midaksa Miresa , Addissie Adamu , Kantelhardt Eva Johanna , Gizaw Muluken
Published: February 2021

Background:Although cervical cancer is a preventable disease, screening coverage in Ethiopia is far below the target. There is limited evidence on uptake among the general population in Ethiopia. Thus, this study was conducted to assess uptake and associated factors with the cervical cancer screening "see and treat approach" among eligible women in public health facilities in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia.Method:A facility-based, cross-sectional study was conducted. The total sample size was 493. A consecutive sampling method was applied. Participants were informed about and invited to cervical cancer screening using visual inspection with acetic acid. Crude and adjusted odds ratios were calculated to determine statistical association with socio-demographic variables. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors of cervical cancer screening uptake.Result:Out of 464 women advised for screening, 76 (16.4%, 95% CI [13%, 19.8%]) attended the screening. Primary education and above (AOR = 5.3, 95% CI [2.20, 13.0]), knowledge about the disease (AOR = 8.4, 95% CI [3.33, 21.21]), perceived susceptibility (AOR = 6.5, 95% CI [2.72, 15.51]), fewer perceived barriers (AOR = 6.4, 95% CI [2.30, 17.80]), cues to action (AOR = 4.6, 95% CI [1.86, 11.32]), perceived self-efficacy (AOR = 5, 95% CI [2.14, 11.73]), and previous recommendation for screening (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI [1.15, 6.51]) were significantly associated with screening uptake.Conclusion:The actual uptake of screening offered in this study was high relative to only 3% national screening coverage. There is a need to implement active invitation for screening with special focus on less-educated women. Repeated invitation may facilitate future screening uptake.
Effectiveness of policy regarding power supply to schools through solar energy: Using solar panels to increase enrolment at schools in Pakistan
Authors: Gillani Abbas Ali , Khan Sana , Nasir Sadia , Niaz Salwa
Published: February 2021

Background: Climate change has adversarial impact on social and economic development, with negative consequences on living conditions, health outcomes and labour productivity. Although there is ample literature that highlights the use of renewable energy, especially solar energy, in mitigating the effects of climate change, empirical evidence linking benefits of renewable energy with educational access and attainment is very limited. Results: By using school level data between 2013-18 from Pakistan, this paper estimates the effectiveness of the policy regarding power supply to schools through solar energy on enrolment. Using a difference-in-difference estimation and controlling for school-specific and infrastructure-specific characteristics, we show that average enrolment per school in Punjab increased by 48.5 students, compared to average enrolment per school elsewhere in Pakistan, after the policy of installing solar panels at schools in Punjab was announced. Furthermore, gender-wise breakup of results suggest that the policy resulted in increased enrolment for boys’ schools, girls’ school and mixed-gender schools. The results are consistent when standard errors are normal, robust, or clustered at the province level. Policy implications: Limitation of the study includes unidentified mechanisms for the policy effect and heterogeneous effects on gender, which should be the focus of future research.
Lower Handgrip Strength levels probably precede Insulin Resistance and Associated with Diabetes in Men not in Women
Authors: Zheng Jia , Zhang Lu , Jiang Min
Published: February 2021

BackgroundTo explore the relationship between handgrip strength per weight (HGS/W) and insulin resistance and diabetes metabolism (DM), and whether the lower HGS levels precede IR in China elderly population. MethodsTwo linear regression models were employed to explore the association of whether baseline HGS/W predicted follow-up variation of triglyceride glucose index (TyG) or baseline TyG predicted follow-up variation of HGS/W. The logistic regression model was used to examine the relationship between baseline HGS/W and future DM. ResultsA total of 4,561 participants in China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were enrolled, of which 47.0% were men, and the mean age was 58.7 (standard deviation, 8.68) years. A lower level of baseline HGS/W was significantly correlate with a higher level of follow-up TyG (β = -0.173, P = 0.002). The baseline level of HGS/W was significantly negatively associated with incidence risk of DM (rate ratio = 0.375, P = 0.004). However, in gender stratification, statistical association between HGS/W and TyG and DM was only in male.ConclusionsOur results demonstrated that the HGS/W was inversely associated with IR and DM, and lower HGS/W levels preceded TyG levels in the elderly population. However, the effect was inconsistent between male and female, and the possible mechanism would need further clarified.
Creating Electricity From Soil
Authors: MANIVASAGAM R.
Published: February 2021

Soil Microbial Fuel Cell (SMFC) provides the prospect of removing electrical flow from an out sized scope of soils and inexhaustible biomass existing techniques will need pricey chemistry gear and focused reactors. The present examination it created a basic framework for steering high through place bio chemistry exploration using varied modest microorganism power modules worked with industrially accessible materials and worked in temperature while not using agar salt extension and nucleon trade layer. In our current examination, it gathered 2 distinct sorts of soil tests: aubergine developed soil (S1) and Sugarcane developed soil (S2). The creation of power was calculable by utilizing power estimation for these 2 developed soil check. the simplest created circuit voltage, power thickness and current thickness accomplished in aubergine developed soil (S1) were discovered to be 543 mV, 12.8 mW/m2 and 23.6 mA/m2 singly. The engineered SMFC provide enough voltage (2.3 V perpetually for around 456 hours) to manage the LED bulbs effectively for around 456 hours persistently in aubergine developed soil (S1). It created no power in Sugarcane developed soil (S2), it preponderantly affirms the performance of world organization for power creation within the dirt.
Research output on systemic sclerosis and socio-economic factors: An analysis of country-level panel data
Authors: Guo Wei , Zhou Zeyu , Liang Yinhe , Xu Chuanhui , Zeng Lin , Dong Zhiyong , Mu Rong
Published: February 2021

Background Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare detrimental disease warranting mobilization of global research efforts. We aimed to evaluate impacts of country factors on research output over SSc to identify solutions promoting research.
Methods Publication production on SSc during 1969–2018 and data for structural and policy factors were collected from public sources. Effects of country-level factors were investigated through panel regression in WHO member countries. Difference-in-differences analysis assessed the impacts of rare disease legislation. Effect heterogeneity across income levels was evaluated using group regression.
Results SSc publications showed increasing annual growth rate (−0.3% during 1969–1983 vs. 6.9% during 2000–2018). Totally, ten countries published 12 261 (77.5%) SSc publications but another 87 countries produced none. High-income countries with higher GDP, larger population, and higher health expenditure tended to publish more (p<0.001). Whereas in middle-income countries (MICs) SSc scientific output was significantly associated with expenditure on research and development( p <0.001). Rare disease legislation increased annual publication production by 62.8% (95% CI 0.390–0.867; p <0.001) averagely. Notably, the effect of legislation was swift and lasting in MICs during the first five years. No significant impact was found with GDP per capita, female percentage, and political indicators.
Conclusions SSc research output increased over time with substantial country disparities. Effective health policies facilitating research should be expanded especially among MICs to accelerate global advancement.
A novel five-zinc finger-related-gene signature related to tumor immune microenvironment allows for treatment stratification and predicts prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Zhang Feilong , Wu Jiyue , Zhang Jiandong , Cao Peng , Sun Zejia , Wang Wei
Published: February 2021

Background

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most prevalent renal malignant tumors, which survival rate and quality of life of ccRCC patients are not satisfactory. Therefore, identification of prognostic biomarkers of ccRCC patients will contribute to early and accurate clinical intervention and treatment, and then improve their prognosis.
Methods

We downloaded the original expression data of mRNAs from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and the zinc finger(ZNF)-related genes (ZRGs) from UniProt online database. Differentially expressed ZRGs (DE-ZRGs) was screened from tumor and adjacent nontumor tissues and functional enrichment analysis was conducted out. A five-ZRG signature were constructed by univariate Cox regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and multivariate Cox regression. Furthermore, we screened out independent prognosis-related factors to build a nomogram by univariate and multivariate Cox regression. Potential biological pathways of five ZRGs were analyzed by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Then, we further quantitatively analyze immune infiltration and evaluate tumor microenvironment by single sample GSEA. Finally, drug sensitivity of ccRCC patients was analyzed by the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer database.
Results

TRIM59, VAV3, ZNF189, AGAP9 and PYGO1 were screened to be significantly associated with the prognosis of ccRCC patients. Through incorporated risk score and clinical parameters, we constructed a nomogram, which showed a good prognostic performance for ccRCC patients.
Human blood-derived lymphoblastoid cybrids for assessment of mitochondrial tRNAs deficiency by MTO1 silence
Authors: Wang Qi , Aishanjiang Maerhaba , Wei Yuping , Gao Zewen , Chen Ye , Lei Zhixian , Shu Qiang , Ye-Lehmann Shixin , Chen Chao
Published: February 2021

Mutations in the mitochondrial translation optimization 1 (MTO1) gene can cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Although the functional role of MTO1 deficiency in certain cells is gradually confirmed, the phenotype of MTO1 deficiency in a lymphoblastoid cybrid line is not yet reported. In this study, we characterized changes of mitochondrial function in MTO1 silenced cybrid cells derived from human lymphoblastoids, immature white blood cells that give rise to lymphocytes. We showed that MTO1 silence decreased the levels of 2-thiourylation of mitochondrial tRNALys, tRNAGlu, and tRNAGln, nevertheless, the aminoacylation efficiency of tRNALys and the steady state of mitochondrial tRNAs were elevated. These aberrant tRNA changes caused a significant decrease in protein levels of oxidative phosphorylation complex subunits including complex I, III, IV and V. Furthermore, dysfunctional mitochondria promoted apoptosis in stress, evidenced by elevated ratios of apoptotic cells and increased levels of apoptosis-activated proteins in the MTO1 knockdown cell lines, as compared to the controls. Our data provide new insights into the important functional role of MTO1 in lymphoblastoid mitochondria. We envision the cybrid cell line approach we have established provides an alternative model for the cardiac tissue of high-energy demands characteristics, and they hold promises for the diagnosis and drug screening for the therapeutic agents of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy caused by MTO1 dysfunction.
Metabolic indicators associated with non-communicable diseases deteriorated in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 outbreak: evidence from a two-center, retrospective, self-controlled study
Authors: Xue Ting , Xu Lizhen , Mao Yaqian , Lin Wei , Liang Jixing , Huang Huibin , Li Liantao , Wen Junping , Chen Gang
Published: February 2021

Background

The current double epidemic of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and their vicious circle relationship causes adverse health effects at the population level and, at the same time, places a tremendous burden on the health care system. Our study aimed to investigate whether the metabolic indicators associated with NCDs in the general population have changed during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Results

We conducted a retrospective self-controlled study enrolling adult participants who received baseline test for metabolic indicators related to NCDs during January 1, 2019 and April 30, 2019 and were followed up on metabolic indicators in the same period in 2020. The follow-up total cholesterol was significantly increased than that of the baseline (4.73 (4.05, 5.46) mmol/L vs 4.71 (4.05, 5.43) mmol/L, p = 0.019; n = 3379). Similar results were observed in triglyceride (1.29 (0.91, 1.88) vs 1.25 (0.87, 1.81) mmol/L, p < 0.001; n = 3381), uric acid (330.0 (272.0, 397.0) vs 327.0 (271.0, 389.0) umol/L, p < 0.001; n = 3364), and glycosylated hemoglobin (6.50 (6.10, 7.30) vs 6.50 (6.10, 7.20) %, p = 0.013; n = 532). No significant difference was observed in low density lipoprotein, body mass index and blood pressure.
Conclusions

Metabolic indicators associated with non-communicable diseases deteriorated in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 outbreak. We should take action to prevent and control non-communicable diseases without delay.