bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Elementary School Students’ Bullying Victimization: Roles of Family and Individual Factors
Authors: Wu Xinyue , Zhen Rui , Shen Lingyan , Tan Ruyue , Zhou Xiao
Published: May 2022

Physical, verbal, and relational bullying victimization are common forms of bullying victimization. Some victims may suffer only one form of victimization and some may suffer multiple forms of victimization at the same time. Bullying victimization groups are heterogeneous and different forms of victimization may have different combination patterns. Previous studies assessed patterns of bullying victimization among junior and senior high school students. However, limited studies explored patterns among elementary students and explored possible factors in shaping these patterns from the integrated perspective of family and individual. We expanded and deepened research in this area using questionnaires to collect self-report data for 866 parent/child pairs. Latent profile analysis was used to explore patterns of elementary students. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine relations between patterns and family and individual factors. We found three bullying victimization groups: severe (5.4%), verbal (13.6%), and non-bullying victimization (81%). In family factors, the time parents spent with children was a protective factor for bullying victimization, and negative interactions with children was a risk factor. Individual-level protective factors for bullying victimization were coming from a single child household, positive coping style, and perceived peer support, whereas a negative coping style was a risk factor. These results indicate that different forms of bullying victimization co-occur among elementary school students. Some family and individual factors are associated with bullying victimization patterns. It is important to consider the heterogeneity among the bullying victimization groups of elementary students and influencing factors to develop targeted prevention interventions for different bullying victimization groups.
Sexual Assault and Behavioral Health: What Can We Learn From a Probability Sample of Young Sexual Minority Men?
Authors: Gibbs Jeremy J. , Baldwin-White Adrienne
Published: May 2022

Background: Previous research indicates that young sexual minority men (YSMM) are at increased risk of experiencing sexual assault compared to their heterosexual peers. While this increased risk is documented in comparison studies, very little is known about the specific range of sexual assault experiences. The aim of this study was to investigate prevalence of sexual assault experiences and their association with depression and alcohol use for YSMM. Methods: In 2017 and 2018, 124 YSMM (18–24 year-olds) were recruited to participate in an online study using probability-based sampling methods, in Los Angeles, CA. Participants answered items about lifetime and recent sexual assault experiences (i.e., unwanted touching, oral rape, penetrative rape), characteristics of the coercive behaviors, recent alcohol use, and depression. Analysis of variance (ANOVAs) and multiple linear regressions investigated the relationships between sexual assault experiences and behavioral health. Results: The sample reported a range of lifetime sexual assault experiences: 70% unwanted touching and 28% penetrative rape. Fifty-five percent of the sample reported some type of recent sexual assault, with 17% reporting a recent penetrative rape. ANOVAs of the impact of different forms of sexual assault on behavior health indicated that unwanted touching was associated with higher depression and alcohol use. Further investigation of recent unwanted touching indicated that frequency is associated with depression and binge drinking. Of participants who reported experiences of unwanted touching, 61% reported it occurred while they were intoxicated. Discussion: Findings support previous evidence of high rates of sexual assault among YSMM. Further, the majority of men who reported sexual assault indicated that it occurred while they were intoxicated, suggesting that unwanted touching is occurring while men are drinking alcohol, likely in bars. The culture of gay bars may encourage nonconsensual touching during intoxication and these experiences of sexual assault have consequences (i.e., higher levels of depression and alcohol use).
Prosecutorial Decision Making in Domestic Violence Cases: Are Prosecutors Holding Offenders Accountable?
Authors: Wagers Shelly , Pate Margaret , Busick Taylor
Published: May 2022

Domestic violence (DV) continues is an ongoing costly issue for the criminal justice system, Research indicates the prosecutor’s filing decision is important to keeping DV victims safe, but there is little research examining prosecutorial filing decisions in DV cases. This study used focal concerns as a theoretical framework to explore which legal and extra-legal factors impact prosecutorial filing decisions in DV cases. The study utilized data collected from 731 misdemeanor and felony DV cases from an urban County in Florida between January 2017 – December 2018. Two binomial logistic regression models were used to predict the likelihood a DV case would be filed on any charge, filed on a DV specific charge or not filed. Results showed some support for focal concerns but findings suggest that factors impacting this decision vary based upon case severity (i.e. misdemeanor, felony). A weapon present decreased the filing likelihood for misdemeanor cases but victim requests not to prosecute and a public attorney decreased filing likelihood for felonies. The prosecutor’s decision to file charges is a powerful tool to keep victims safe and should be based on legal facts and risk of future harm, but here these factors had little to no impact on this decision.
Surviving Child Abuse in People With Mental Illness: A Grounded Theory Approach
Authors: Ha Jeongmin , Kim Yoonjung
Published: May 2022

The aim of this qualitative study was to examine the process of surviving child abuse in people with a mental illness in order to develop an explanatory theory. The study utilized the grounded theory approach. Seventeen community-dwelling adults with a mental illness who had experienced child abuse were interviewed. For the in-depth interview, the lifeline interview method was used. Data were collected from July 14, 2019, to February 28, 2020. The constant comparative method was used for analysis, to identify similarities and differences between different statements, and similar phenomena or theories were compared and analyzed continuously. The central phenomena were “losing oneself” and “in a precarious state.” Participants used “expressing,” “standing on one’s own feet,” and “avoiding” as coping strategies. Observed outcomes were “making life work for them” and “living with others.” The core category was “losing myself, embracing myself as someone in a precarious state, and being reborn as the master of my life.” Positive religious coping, having a supportive network, and emotional or physical distance from difficult situations played a major role in surviving participants’ experiences of child abuse and being victimized because of their mental illness. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for understanding people with mental illness who have survived child abuse, and suggest that opportunities for sharing their stories, facilitating self-reliance, and avoiding the causes of their difficulties all play a role in their healing process. Based on this study, it is expected that clinical experts and policy developers will be able to formulate evidence-based interventions and policies.
Party Views on Democratic Backsliding and Differentiated Integration
Authors: Bellamy Richard , Kröger Sandra , Lorimer Marta
Published: May 2022

Both political parties and differentiated integration (DI) play an ambivalent role in regard to democratic backsliding. Parties’ positioning towards democratic backsliding has not always been straightforward, and DI has been seen as facilitating it. We analyse whether party actors view democratic backsliding as a problematic issue for the EU, if they think DI facilitates it, and how they consider the EU should respond to it. Drawing on thirty-five interviews and a survey of forty-two party actors in seven member states, we show that many do view backsliding as problematic. Moreover, around half worried that DI could facilitate backsliding, though others did not link the two. Finally, almost all considered it legitimate for the EU to address democratic backsliding. Although centre-of-left actors are most likely to worry about democratic backsliding and favour EU intervention, actors across the political spectrum are sceptical about accepting DI in matters pertaining to Article 2.
Emotional responses to a global stressor: Average patterns and individual differences
Authors: Willroth Emily C , Smith Angela M , Graham Eileen K , Mroczek Daniel K , Shallcross Amanda J , Ford Brett Q
Published: May 2022

Major stressors often challenge emotional well-being—increasing negative emotions and decreasing positive emotions. But how long do these emotional hits last? Prior theory and research contain conflicting views. Some research suggests that most individuals’ emotional well-being will return to, or even surpass, baseline levels relatively quickly. Others have challenged this view, arguing that this type of resilient response is uncommon. The present research provides a strong test of resilience theory by examining emotional trajectories over the first 6 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. In two pre-registered longitudinal studies (total N =1147), we examined average emotional trajectories and predictors of individual differences in emotional trajectories across 13 waves of data from February through September 2020. The pandemic had immediate detrimental effects on average emotional well-being. Across the next 6 months, average negative emotions returned to baseline levels with the greatest improvements occurring almost immediately. Yet, positive emotions remained depleted relative to baseline levels, illustrating the limits of typical resilience. Individuals differed substantially around these average emotional trajectories and these individual differences were predicted by socio-demographic characteristics and stressor exposure. We discuss theoretical implications of these findings that we hope will contribute to more nuanced approaches to studying, understanding, and improving emotional well-being following major stressors.
Is what is beautiful good and still more accurately understood? A replication and extension of Lorenzo et al. (2010)
Authors: Tissera Hasagani , Lydon John E , Human Lauren J
Published: May 2022

Is what is beautiful good and more accurately understood? Lorenzo et al. (2010) explored this question and found that more attractive targets (as per consensus) were judged more positively and accurately. Perceivers’ specific (idiosyncratic) ratings of targets’ attractiveness were also related to more positive and accurate impressions, but the latter was only true for highly consensually attractive targets. With a larger sample ( N = 547), employing a round-robin study design, we aimed to replicate and extend these findings by (1) using a more reliable accuracy criterion, (2) using a direct measure of positive personality impressions, and (3) exploring attention as a potential mechanism of these links. We found that targets’ consensual attractiveness was not significantly related to the positivity or the accuracy of impressions. Replicating the original findings, idiosyncratic attractiveness was related to more positive impressions. The association between idiosyncratic attractiveness and accuracy was again dependent on consensual attractiveness, but here, idiosyncratic attractiveness was associated with lower accuracy for less consensually attractive targets. Perceivers’ attention helped explain these associations. These results partially replicate the original findings while also providing new insight: What is beautiful to the beholder is good but is less accurately understood if the target is consensually less attractive.
Storytelling Networks that Build Community Power: Urban Equity Advocacy From a Communication Infrastructure Lens
Authors: Villanueva George
Published: May 2022

Urban scholars suggest that communication can be key to equity advocacy and organizing for social justice in cities, but a gap exists in studies grounded in communication theory. This article theorizes everyday urban equity advocacy through communication infrastructure theory (CIT), an ecological framework grounded in the notion that communities are discursively constructed. Sourced from 34 semi-structured interviews in Chicago, this article examines how organizers from social change-focused organizations activate community storytelling network actors (residents, community organizations, and local media) to advocate for equity. I find that organizers activate this network to cultivate consciousness, build capacity, and amplify equity work for marginalized communities. The study is important in demonstrating how advocating for equity is best when it is an intentional process that activates multi-stakeholder engagement in urban neighborhoods year-round.
“Define Yourself. . . #EXSTpride”: Exploring an Organizational Hashtag Through the Structurational Model of Identification
Authors: Dailey Stephanie L.
Published: May 2022

Recent studies have established a relationship between social media use and organizational identification, but scholars have yet to understand how communication through social media might foster individuals’ identification. To fill that gap, I use structuration theory to investigate the identification process by analyzing an organizational hashtag: #EXSTpride. Framed by three key elements of the structurational model of identification—duality of structure, situated activity, and regionalization of structures—this qualitative analysis of posts using #EXSTpride reveals the reciprocal relationship between identity (structure) and identification (system). I conclude by (a) theorizing organizational hashtags as house organs 2.0 and (b) proffering practical and discursive consciousness to the structurational model of identification.
Inadequate Interactions and Unbalanced Power Between Scientists and the Public in Chinese Knowledge Sharing Network: Social Network Analysis of the Topic of Genetically Modified Food on Zhihu
Authors: Yang Zheng
Published: May 2022

This study takes the scientific discussion about genetically modified food on Zhihu as an example, using the method of social network analysis to explore the interactions between Chinese scientists and the public online. The findings indicate that both scientists and non-scientists are inclined to interact with users with a similar identity. Cross-group interactions seem to be hard to achieve on Zhihu. Furthermore, compared with non-scientists, scientist users tend to hold significantly stronger digital social capital than non-scientists on Zhihu. It is suggested that the knowledge sharing network has not fully achieved the goal of effectively promoting equally science dialogue in China.
What Job is a “Good Job” for Chinese Undergraduates: An Exploration Study
Authors: Zhu Qianyu , Ni Jing , Hou Zhi-Jin , Jia Yin
Published: May 2022

An exploration study was conducted to explore what Chinese undergraduates considered to be a “good job.” A total of 143 ( M = 21.45, SD = 1.53, 51.04% male) undergraduates from 10 cities participated in this study. The prototype research methodology was applied to explore the underlying complex structure of the “good job.” The results revealed 157 items associated with the “good job” that were merged into two categories “high-quality work” and “high-quality life.” Furthermore, each category included basic- and superordinate-levels prototypes. The structure depicted Chinese undergraduates’ expectations of a “good job” and emphasized the importance of work-life balance among young people. Additionally, traditional Chinese culture was consistently found to have a significant impact on young people’s expectations of a “good job.” These findings have implications for career development research and career counseling practices about Chinese young people.
Internship Experience and Organizational Attractiveness: A Realistic Job Fit Perspective
Authors: Sekiguchi Tomoki , Mitate Yoshitaka , Yang Yunyue
Published: May 2022

Although job seekers often rely on indirect or inaccurate information to assess the attractiveness of potential employers, internship experience provides more realistic and accurate information, which may influence organizational attractiveness. Through the ex-ante and ex-post (i.e., pre-internship and post-internship) research design with a sample of Japanese undergraduate students in a university-sponsored internship program, we found that, although organizational attractiveness on average declined after the internship, skill variety and feedback from employees in the internship job were positively related to perceived needs-supplies (NS) fit beyond the effect of its pre-internship level. The NS fit, in turn, was related to organizational attractiveness beyond the effect of its pre-internship level. Moreover, some of the above mediating effects were stronger for interns with high social skill and/or high self-esteem. Our findings highlight the importance of the effect of internships on college students’ school-to-work transition.
Economics is the continuation of psychology by other means: Psychic suffering and neoliberalism as a moral economy
Authors: Safatle Vladimir
Published: May 2022

The article aims to discuss some psychic consequences of the emergence of neoliberalism. I seek to understand the major changes presupposed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder III upon the rise of a neoliberal subjectivity. If we want to have a real idea of the disciplinary process immanent to neoliberalism, we need to understand how it changed our way of describing categories of psychic suffering and disease.
The return of neoliberalism in Argentina: Toward a critical theory from (and for) the global South
Authors: Roggerone Santiago M.
Published: May 2022

The victory of Mauricio Macri in the 2015 Argentine presidential election led to a kind of return of neoliberalism, soon resisted by the people and the political opposition. In this paper I will address the question of how recent regressive neoliberal policies and austerity agenda have been defied and counteracted by progressive forces and the Argentine left-wing movements. To do so, I will periodize this country’s recent history and map the positions occupied by the local left in order to argue that neoliberalism has never been entirely hegemonic in Argentina. By doing this, I hope to contribute to the development of a critical theory from (and for) the global South.
The Association between Family Care and Paid Work among Women in Germany: Does the Household Economic Context Matter?
Authors: Ehrlich Ulrike
Published: May 2022

Owing to the rapid ageing of societies, studying the labour market consequences of caring for ill, disabled or frail old-age partners, parents and/or other family members (hereafter: ‘family care’) is of urgent concern. Previous research has mainly concentrated on examining the impact of differing family care situations on women’s employment. Building on household decision-making approaches, this study focuses on the moderating role of the household economic situation in the family care–employment relationship among women. Cox shared frailty regression analyses of German Socio-Economic Panel data (SOEP, 2004–2017) indicate that the family care–employment relationship depends not simply on time committed to care but is also stratified by household economic situations: full-time employed, low-intensity caregivers down-scale to part-time hours only in more affluent households; full-time to non-employment transitions are more likely for married, high-intensity caregivers; part-time to non-employment transitions are more likely for high-intensity caregivers contributing marginally to the household income.
Gender in the Flesh: Allostatic Load as the Embodiment of Stressful, Gendered Work in Canadian Police Communicators
Authors: Birze Arija , Paradis Elise , Regehr Cheryl , LeBlanc Vicki , Einstein Gillian
Published: May 2022

Gender and work are important social determinants of health, yet studies of health inequities related to the gendered and emotional intricacies of work are rare. Occupations high in emotional labour – a known job stressor – are associated with ill-health and typically dominated by women. Little is known about the mechanisms linking health with these emotional components of work. Using physiological and questionnaire data from Canadian police communicators, we adopt an embodied approach to understanding the relationship between gender norm conformity, emotional labour, and physiological dysregulation, or allostatic load. For high conformers, emotional labour leaves gendered traces in the flesh via increased allostatic load, suggesting that in this way, gendered structures in the workplace become embodied, influencing health through conformity to gender and emotion norms. Findings also reveal that dichotomous conceptions of gender may mask the impact of gendered structures, obscuring the consequences of gender for work-related stress.
Allied health clinical supervision: An opportunity lost
Authors: Baker Nicky , Garner Jill , Kapur Liz , Lange Belinda
Published: May 2022

This study investigated clinical supervision with Allied Health professionals in a public health setting. Staff perceptions and experiences were explored through focus group discussions. Key themes identified that supervisees “tip-toe into complexity” by engaging in reflective practice for incremental personal and professional development. In contrast, supervisors identified that reflexivity was required for the opportunity to “develop at a deeper level”. Offering a choice of supervisor and providing supervisor training enhanced supervision experiences. Challenges to effective supervision were identified. Competing priorities, inconsistent modes of delivery, major organisational change and the role of clinical supervision in line with professional development confounded the experiences. Health managers could improve the processes and outcomes by implementing consistency with approach, timing, documentation, language, and structure of Clinical Supervision.
High specific surface area triphenylamine-based covalent organic framework/polyaniline nanocomposites for supercapacitor application
Authors: Xiong Shanxin , Li Zhuolong , Wang Xiaoqin , Gong Ming , Chu Jia , Zhang Runlan , Wu Bohua , Wang Chenxu , Li Zhen
Published: May 2022

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) possess extraordinary porosity, structural diversity, and good electrochemical performance, and have broad application prospects in the field of energy storage. However, the low conductivity of COFs limits its further development. In this paper, the electrochemical performance of triphenylamine-based COFs (TPA-COFs) was improved by compounding with highly conductive polyaniline (PANI) using solvothermal synthesis process. The highly conductive polyaniline fibers can act as conductive path in the composite to accelerate the charge transfer rate of TPA-COFs. The π-π interaction between TPA-COFs and PANI effectively decreases the agglomeration degree of PANI. The good dispersion of composite results in that the specific surface area of TPA-COFs/PANI-20 is high as 1233.9 m2 g−1, which provides rich diffusion channels for electrolyte ions. Moreover, the strong π-π structure in the composites ensures the stability of the material skeleton. Thus, TPA-COFs/PANI composite exhibits excellent rate characteristics and cycling stability.
Structural, thermal, and electrochemical studies of biodegradable gel polymer electrolyte for electric double layer capacitor
Authors: Chaurasia Sujeet K , Sharma Atul K. , Singh Pramod K. , Lu Li , Ni Jiangfeng , Savilov Serguei V , Kuznetsov Alexey , Polu Anji R. , Singh Abhijeet , Singh Manoj K.
Published: May 2022

A quasi-solid-state supercapacitor is fabricated using a biodegradable gel polymer electrolyte (GPE), and graphene nano-platelets (GNPs) capacitive electrodes. The GPE film comprises biodegradable polymer cellulose acetate (CA), ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate (EMImSCN) and dopant salt potassium thiocyanate (KSCN). The polymeric gel films are prepared using the standard “solution cast technique” and characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravemetric analysis (TGA), Impedance spectroscopy, and Linear sweep voltammetry techniques. The synthesized GPE exhibits maximum room temperature ionic conductivity ∼1.2 x 10−3 S cm−1 and an electrochemical stability window of ∼2.4 V. The electrical double layer capacitor (EDLC) is configured by sandwiching the GPE film between two graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) electrodes. The performance of the EDLC cell is evaluated in terms of specific capacitance, rate, and pulse power by using cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance measurement techniques.
Variable transmission ratio design of a steer-by-wire system for intelligent vehicles
Authors: Liu Zhenyu , Xu Xing , Xie Ju , Wang Feng , Su Pengwei
Published: May 2022

Intelligent vehicles require the ability to switch freely between manual and automatic driving modes, which opens up more possibilities for steer-by-wire. Among them, the design of transmission ratio for both driving modes can improve the steering performance of vehicle. In the manual driving mode, this paper optimizes the yaw rate gain upon the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and designs a variable steering transmission ratio, which can reduce the driver’s burden and improve the vehicle’s handling stability. Further, the steering wheel angular rate information and fuzzy control are used to design the high-speed transmission ratio to ensure the safety of the vehicle in high-speed emergency situations. In the automatic driving mode, the transmission ratio values at various vehicle speeds are optimized offline based on the PSO algorithm, and a variable transmission ratio curve is designed to enhance the trajectory tracking ability and the vehicle stability. Finally, the hardware-in-the-loop test results show that the variable transmission ratio designed in the manual driving mode reduces the burden of the driver at low speed and improves the vehicle stability at high speed, especially in emergency situations. It also proves that the optimized design of variable ratio in the automatic driving mode promotes the path-following ability and the vehicle stability.
Study on volume and pressure of scroll compressor constructed from involute of variable radii circle with line-arcs modification
Authors: Ding Jianan , Yue Xiangji , Zhang Yingli , Ba Dechun
Published: May 2022

The working chamber volume and pressure constructed from involute of variable radii circle with line-arcs modification are calculated accurately by equivalent translation area method avoiding complicated piece-wise integration and Green’s theorem. The influence of modified distance is divided into two benchmarks to investigate because the interval length of the discharge process is always 2 π. The increase of modified distance will decrease the working chamber volume before the discharge process and increase the volume in the discharge process. Afterward, the volume change rate is proposed to study the tangent slope of volume curve, which is also meaningful for discussing the working chamber pressure. Finally, the working chamber pressure is obtained by the working chamber volume. The increase of modified angle and distance will increase the working chamber pressure in the same orbiting angle before the discharge process, but decrease the discharge pressure and advance the discharge process. Furthermore, the influences of modified parameters on the working chamber pressure in the discharge process are qualitatively studied. The increase of modified parameters will decrease the working chamber pressure in the discharge process.
Numerical studies on contact behavior in polymer composite sprocket - Roller chain drive under dynamic conditions
Authors: Kanniyappan Sivakumar , Venkata Timmaraju Mallina , Rajappa Gnanamoorthy
Published: May 2022

The unique properties along with ease of manufacturing make short fiber reinforced polyamide 66 composites ideal for sprockets used in low positive power transmission. An explicit dynamic finite element simulation of short fiber reinforced polyamide 66 composite sprocket—roller chain drive was carried out. The sprocket was approximated as a plane stress body and roller was considered as a rigid circle. The contact force extracted from the numerical simulation was validated with the analytical results for a standard chain. The deviations in the pitch of the chain produced a varied dynamic contact behavior in terms of a distinct contact width and pressure distribution pattern. The position of maximum contact shear stress altered from subsurface to surface due to low contact normal stress and associated slip. The variation in the chain pitch (up to 3%) affected the peak force of driver sprocket significantly (up to 41%). The increase of pretension of roller chain from 100 to 300 N induced the rise in contact force of driver sprocket up to 169% without changing the pattern.
Single-motor driven multi-joints lower limb exoskeleton system based on controllable clamper
Authors: Tian Mengqian , Wang Jie , Zhang Qi , Xi Ruru , Wang Xingsong
Published: May 2022

In this paper, a scheme of single-motor driven multi-joints lower limb exoskeleton based on controllable clamper is proposed in order to reduce the number of driving motors, overall weight and structural complexity of the lower limb exoskeleton. We propose a new type of tendon-sheath artificial muscle as the transmission method for exoskeleton according to the Hill muscle model. A controllable clamper is used to control the contraction and relaxation of the artificial muscle, and a pair of series and parallel springs is used to imitate the characteristics of the muscle. On this basis, we designed the mechanical structure of the system, and figure out the relationship between assistant force and driving motor’s angle, then planned the control timing sequence of the clampers. The driving motor’s angle curve is determined by theoretical calculation. A platform is built, and the experimental results verify that the scheme of single motor to drive multi-joints is feasible and effective.
Fault data expansion method of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on Wasserstein-generative adversarial network
Authors: Zhan Liu , Xu Xiaowei , Qiao Xue , Li Zhixiong , Luo Qiong
Published: May 2022

Aiming at the characteristics of non-smooth, non-linear, multi-source heterogeneity, low density of value and unevenness of fault data collected by the online monitoring equipment of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), and the difficulty of fault mechanism analysis, this paper proposes a method of PMSM data expansion based on the improved generative adversarial network. First, use the real fault data of the motor to train the model to obtain a mature and stable generative countermeasure network. Secondly, use the generative countermeasure network model to test the remaining data and generate pseudo samples. Finally, use the two-dimensional data analysis method and the time-domain analysis method to generate validity analysis of samples. Aiming at the characteristics of unbalanced motor data, the data expansion method of inter-turn short-circuit faults is carried out based on the data expansion method of the improved generative countermeasure network, and the two-dimensional data analysis method and the time-domain analysis method are used for analysis. The experimental results show that the improved Wasserstein-Generative Adversarial Network (W-GAN) has a better ability to generate fake data, which provides a data basis for the mechanism analysis and machine fault diagnosis of PMSMs. Data analysis results show that the improved W-GAN effectively solves the problem of poor convergence of GAN.
A mechanical-thermodynamic model for understanding endocytosis of COVID-19 virus SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Mahata Paritosh , Vennamneni Laxminarsimharao , Chattopadhyay Soham
Published: May 2022

We analyze the endocytosis process of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) virus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) using a mechanical-thermodynamic model. The virus particle is designed to interface with the cell membrane as a hard sphere. The role of cytoplasmic BAR (Bin/Amphiphysin/RVs) proteins is considered in the endocytosis. Interestingly, the Endophilin N-BAR cytoplasmic proteins show resistance in participating endocytosis, whereas F-BAR, Arfaptin BAR, Amphiphysin N-BAR, and PX-BAR proteins participate in endocytosis. The increase in membrane tension, concentrated force between the cell membrane receptor, and spike glycoprotein present on the surface of virus particle promote the endocytosis. Also, the increase in the bending modulus of membrane leads to the two-phase solution of BAR protein concentration on the interior of cell membrane surface. We observe an unstable region of protein concentration, which may help one to retard the endocytosis process and thus the viral infection. Though the present study is focused on SARS-CoV-2, it can be extended to understand any other viral infections, involving endocytosis process.
CFD investigation of air-oil two-phase flow in oil jet nozzle
Authors: Zhong Jianfeng , Dai Yu , Liang Chongyu , Zhu Xiang , Xu Lanjin
Published: May 2022

In aero-engines applications, nozzle geometric parameters have major effects on the lubricating oil to accurately reach target gears or bearings. To investigate the deviation phenomenon of oil jet flow in the lubrication system, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique integrating with the volume of fluid (VOF) method and SST k- ω turbulence model is adopted to deeply understand the flow characteristics of the nozzle. By leveraging this method, the relationship between nozzle geometry, inlet pressure, jet velocity, and jet deviation are firstly analyzed. The results reveal that a higher average velocity and smaller jet deviation can be determined via adjusting the nozzle geometry. Furthermore, a specific test rig, composed of an oil supply system, target system and data collection system, is set up for oil injection test; experimental outlet velocity and mass flow rate of oil passing through the hole on the target plate are monitored and recorded. The experimental findings compare well with numerical results obtained by the CFD method.
Environmental degradation and mechanical behavior of glass fiber reinforced polymer nanocomposites used in offshore applications
Authors: singh Shubhendu Prashant , Sharma Lochan , Chhibber Rahul
Published: May 2022

Present study aims at the variation of mechanical properties of glass fiber/epoxy composite under the effect of temperature, alkalinity, and rate of loading. Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) with plain epoxy and GFRP with 1–2% variation of Nanoclay were utilized for experimentation. Flexural testing of specimen at optimum percentage of Nanoclay in GFRP and epoxy was performed and after that pre-stretching of GFRP with plain epoxy and GFRP with optimum percentage of Nanoclay was conducted. Combined effect of moisture, alkali, and temperature on the degradation behavior of glass fiber reinforced polymers in different environments was studied. The macroscopic and microscopic behavior of the GFRP composite specimen and pure epoxy and Nanoclay reinforced epoxy exposed to varying hygrothermal loads has also been analyzed. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to study the microscopic behavior of GFRP composites. X-Ray diffraction analysis of epoxy with 1%, 2%, and 3% Nanoclay addition was also performed. Tensile and flexural testing of specimen at different orientations such as 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90° were also studied. At 0° orientation, maximum average flexural strength of 295.04 MPa and 481.69 MPa was observed for plain glass fiber reinforced polymer and 2% Nanoclay/glass fiber reinforced polymer before hygrothermal loading. At 20% and 50% loading conditions the maximum flexural strength of 46.7 MPa for plain glass fiber reinforced polymer and 147.52 MPa for 2% Nanoclay/glass fiber reinforced polymer was observed before hygrothermal conditions. Maximum degradation in tensile strength (384.78 MPa at 50% loading) for 2% Nanoclay/glass fiber reinforced polymer after hygrothermal loading was observed in NaCl environment. Lower tensile strength observed for 1% of Nanoclay addition in pure epoxy as compared to the 0% and 2% mixing. There is decrease in tensile strength for specimen with 2% of Nanoclay in pure epoxy as compared to the 0% and 1% mixing. Tensile strength changed by moisture as well as mechanical loading of the glass composites. There is lesser degradation and significant increase in tensile strength of glass fiber reinforced polymer nanocomposite was observed when it exposed for lesser time period while tensile strength significantly reduced when specimen was exposed for longer time (3000 hr). After degradation in four different environments (four tanks) for 30 days intervals, SEM analysis of glass fiber reinforced polymer nanocomposite at pre-stretching of 20% and 50% loading was observed. At 20% loading there is lesser damage of glass fiber reinforced polymer nanocomposite with the formation of small irregular lumps were observed while at 50% loading there is significant damage of glass fiber reinforced polymer nanocomposite with the formation of voids of epoxy was clearly observed during SEM analysis.
Research on human-like lane-changing control of intelligent vehicles based on extension goodness evaluation
Authors: Guoqing Geng , Pengcheng Ding , Chen Duan , Haobin Jiang , Chun Li
Published: May 2022

In order to improve the trajectory tracking accuracy and passenger comfort for intelligent vehicle lane-changing at medium and high speed, this paper proposes a new control algorithm based on extension evaluation system for intelligent vehicle lane-changing. In this research, firstly, a vehicle-road dynamics model has been developed. In addition, the actual driving trajectory data of skilled drivers are collected by driving simulator, and the lane-changing path planning model is established based on generalized regression neural network (GRNN). Last, in order to improve the tracking ability to the planning path, the trajectory tracking controller is established. A two-layer structure of lateral trajectory tracking control system is designed, in which the upper layer includes two algorithms: (1) PID feedback control based on preview deviation; (2) PID feedforward-feedback control based on the curvature of the path planning by skilled drivers. While the extension goodness evaluation is introduced in the lower layer which is used to evaluate two controllers in upper layer. According to the real-time state of vehicle-road system, the controller output with higher goodness is selected. Finally, the simulation results verify that comparing with the conventional single PID feedback control, the extension goodness evaluation control can effectively improve the passenger comfort while ensuring tracking accuracy.
An investigation of the melting process in a latent heat thermal energy storage system using exhaust gases of a spark ignition engine
Authors: Gürbüz Habib , Ateş Durukan
Published: May 2022

This article presents numerical and experimental results on the melting process of phase change material (PCM) in a latent heat storage (LHTES) system designed to recover the exhaust waste heat energy of a SI engine. In the LHTES system as PCM, three different paraffin waxes, commercially identified by the codes RT27, RT35, and RT55, were used. A closed-loop liquid circulation system with two heat exchangers was designed with one connected to the exhaust line of the SI engine and the other used in the melting of the PCMs. Water was used as the heat carrier fluid to melt the PCMs with hot exhaust gases. In addition, an experimental study was conducted on a single-cylinder, air-cooled SI engine fueled by gasoline with a stroke volume of 476.5 cm3, using RT55 in the designed LHTES system. By comparing the experimental results with the analysis results, the validity of the numerical model is ensured. According to the experimental temperature results in the center of the PCM container, the error of the numerical results is approximately 7.8%, while there is a difference of 0.4 units and 2.1% in terms of PCM heat exchanger efficiency and total heat energy stored, respectively. At the end of the analyses (1440th second), performed under the same boundary conditions in the LHTES system design, the storing heat energy is as follows: 1829 kJ by 88.8% liquid fraction for RT27, 1556 kJ by 86% liquid fraction for RT35, and 1843 kJ by 83.9% liquid fraction for RT55. In addition, the PCM heat exchanger efficiency for RT27, RT35, and RT55 is 11%, 9.4%, and 11.1%, respectively.
Enhanced gas-sensing performance at room temperature and electrical properties of polyaniline–Ni0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4 nanocomposites
Authors: Thejas R , Prasanna GD , Nagaraju G , Murugendrappa MV , Naveen CS
Published: May 2022

In this work, polyaniline–nickel–zinc–ferrite nanocomposites were synthesized by the in situ polymerization method by varying the concentrations of Ni0.6Z0.4Fe2O4 nanoparticles in the polyaniline matrix (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 wt%). The synthesized nanocomposites were subjected to structural characterizations viz., X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy techniques. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction spectral studies reveal the presence of characteristic bands of both polyaniline and Ni0.6Z0.4Fe2O4 nanoparticles and the formation of their composites is confirmed with the interfacial interaction of Ni0.6Z0.4Fe2O4 nanoparticles in the polyaniline systems. The field-emission scanning electron microscopy images of polyaniline–Ni0.6Z0.4Fe2O4 nanocomposites show a symmetric morphological variation of Ni0.6Z0.4Fe2O4 nanoparticles compared to polyaniline. The electrical properties of the prepared samples were studied in the frequency range of 100 Hz–5 MHz at room temperature. The gas-sensing performance of the nanocomposites was studied at room temperature for butane gas. The polyaniline–10 wt% Ni0.6Z0.4Fe2O4 nanocomposite shows maximum sensing response (109%) at room temperature for 5000 ppm of butane gas with a good response of 28 s and recovery time of 31 s. The stability of the prepared sample was tested for 60 days.
Use of deep convolutional neural networks and change detection technology for railway track inspections
Authors: Harrington Ryan M , Lima Arthur de O , Fox-Ivey Richard , Nguyen Thanh , Laurent John , Dersch Marcus S , Edwards J Riley
Published: May 2022

Railroad track inspections conducted in accordance with federal regulations and internal railway operating practices result in significant labor costs and occupy valuable network capacity. These factors, combined with advancements in the field of machine vision, have encouraged a transition from human visual inspections to machine-based alternatives. Commercial machine vision technologies for railway inspection currently exist, and automated analysis approaches—which deliver objective results—are available in some systems. However, they are limited to a “pass/fail” approach through the detection of components which fail to meet maintenance or geometry thresholds, as opposed to being able to detect subtle changes in track conditions to identify evolving problems. To overcome these limitations, this paper presents results from the field deployment and validation of a system that pairs three-dimensional (3D) machine vision with automated change detection technology. The change detection approach uses a deep convolution neural network (DCNN) to accurately characterize track conditions between repeat runs. Current automated track inspection technologies were studied, and the applicability of change detection is discussed. The paper presents the process for 3D image capture, DCNN training, and evaluation by comparing DCNN results to an expert human evaluator. Finally, it presents change detection results for fastener presence and spike height. Results indicate that this technology can successfully identify fasteners and spikes with percent accuracies greater than 98% and that it can successfully generate change detection results for comparison of track condition among runs.
High-efficiency hybrid trim method for CFD simulation of rigid coaxial rotor
Authors: Qi Haotian , Wang Ping , Jiang Linsong , Zhang Yang , Wang Liangquan
Published: May 2022

In order to solve the trim problem of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation for rigid coaxial rotor, a hybrid trim model coupling CFD method and high-efficiency model (blade element theory) is established. In the trim process, the Jacobian matrix is solved by the high-efficiency model, while the CFD solver is only called for rotor performances modifying after each trimming step. The influences of pseudo time step, number of CFD revolution, and inflow model are investigated. Validation cases of AH-1G and Harrington-1 rotors are carried out, and good agreements are obtained. Results show that the trim efficiency can be significantly improved by saving the calculation of CFD for the Jacobian matrix. The trim accuracy is guaranteed by the correction operation with the CFD solver at each step. Moreover, as only time-averaged rotor performances are useful for trim, the efficiency can be further improved by adopting appropriately small pseudo time step and CFD revolution. The hybrid trim model has high robustness. The accuracy of inflow model for the coaxial rotor affects the convergence speed, but the final convergence can be achieved generally.
Unsteady and nonlinear aerodynamic prediction of airfoil undergoing large-amplitude pitching oscillation based on gated recurrent unit network
Authors: Wu You , Dai Yuting , Yang Chao , Huang Guangjing
Published: May 2022

In this paper, a reduced-order model (ROM) based on data-driven machine learning algorithm is constructed to identify the aerodynamic forces of airfoil undergoing large-amplitude pitching oscillation. Strong nonlinearity and unsteadiness in aerodynamics is a major challenge in the prediction of aerodynamic forces. To deal with this problem, the recurrent neural network (RNN) with gated recurrent unit (GRU) is applied for nonlinear and unsteady aerodynamic identification. A motion input signal which covers a wide range of frequency and amplitude is designed to enable the ROM with generalization capability. Shear stress transport (SST) model with low-Reynolds number modification is introduced into the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method to calculate the aerodynamic forces as the training data. The time step size and lag order of the model are determined by the frequency domain characteristics of the training data. The results suggest that the proposed ROM has a high identification precision on nonlinear unsteady aerodynamics. The well-trained ROM could accurately predict the aerodynamic forces of airfoil undergoing sinusoidal oscillations with various frequencies and amplitudes. The proposed ROM shows advantages in accuracy over other ROM techniques. The calculation speed of ROM is 69 times faster than that of CFD method on the premise of accuracy, which can be expected a good application in engineering.