bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Re‐establishing indwelling pleural catheter patency with alteplase after failure of streptokinase
Authors: Faisal Mohamed , Nurhanis Siti , Nik Abeed Nik Nuratiqah , Ng Boon Hau , Ban Andrea Yu‐Lin
Published: August 2020

Indwelling pleural catheter (IPC) has revolutionized the management of malignant pleural effusion (MPE). IPC is relatively safe, although complications can occur. We report a 53‐year‐old woman with stage IVA lung adenocarcinoma and recurrent MPE. Two months post insertion, the IPC was blocked with residual effusion and presence of new loculations. Attempts to restore patency with six doses of intrapleural (IP) streptokinase failed. She was referred to our centre for further management. We used a single dose of 2.5 mg IP alteplase which was successful in establishing patency of the IPC and draining the effusion. This case highlights the safety and efficacy of IP alteplase via IPC following a failed instillation of streptokinase.
Fish conservation must go beyond the concrete: A comment on Celestino et al. (2019)
Authors: Pelicice Fernando Mayer , Pompeu Paulo Santos , Agostinho Angelo Antonio
Published: August 2020

In a recently published paper, Celestino et al. (2019) investigated the effects of a fish ladder located near the Porto Primavera Dam (Paraná River, Brazil) in order to evaluate if it provided free passage for the migratory fish Prochilodus lineatus. Fish were marked with PIT‐tags and movements were monitored within the ladder over a 3.5‐year period. The main finding was “Our study identified bidirectional movements by P. lineatus through the Porto Primavera fish ladder, including multiple passes by the same fish” (p. 241). It led authors to conclude: “Our results suggest that by providing bidirectional connectivity between upstream and downstream habitats, fishways can be an effective tool for preserving populations of P. lineatus and probably for other species of Prochilodus” (p. 242). Both conclusions, however, may not be correct, because they go beyond the data directly presented in the manuscript. The study overlooked issues related to the spatial scale and experimental design, since it was limited to investigate patterns of movement within the fish ladder alone. In this sense, they encourage the reader to accept patterns and conclusions that were not specifically investigated (e.g., migratory dynamics and conservation success), or that cannot be fully supported by the data (e.g., bidirectional movements and efficient passage). As the conclusions presented in the study have direct implications for the licensing process of hydropower dams and the management/conservation of Neotropical migratory fishes, we provide suggestions to highlight additional important factors and issues that should be considered or addressed in future research.
Exploration of Formation and Size‐Evolution Pathways of Thiolate‐Gold Nanoclusters in the CO‐Directed [Au25(SR)18]− Synthesis
Authors: Peng Jiao , Wang Pu , Wang Bingxin , Xiong Lin , Liu Hengzhi , Pei Yong , Zeng Xiao Cheng
Published: August 2020

An intermolecular association and decarboxylation mechanism is proposed to understand the experimental evidence of the stepwise 2e− hopping in the reductant‐assisted thiolate‐gold cluster synthesis. Based on the newly proposed intermolecular reaction mechanism, a total of 19 molecular‐like reaction equations are deduced to account for the bottom‐up formation of 2e−–8e− gold nanoclusters in the CO‐directed [Au25(SR)18]− synthesis. With these established reaction equations, atomic pathways of three prototype cluster‐size evolution reactions are comprehensively explored in the course of [Au25(SR)18]− synthesis, namely, the conversion of 0e− homoleptic Au(I)‐SR complexes to the 2e− intermediate Au15(SR)13 cluster, the size‐evolution of 2e− Au15(SR)13 cluster to the 4e−–8e−cluster (stepwise 2e−‐hopping), and the isoelectronic addition reaction of [Au23(SR)16]− to the [Au25(SR)18]−. The studies reveal that the CO can combine with the Au(I)‐complex to form [Aux(SR)x‐COOH]− species in the alkaline condition, which acts as the active precursors in the 2e− hopping cluster‐size evolution process. Lastly, as a conceptual extension of the mechanistic studies of the CO‐reduction system, a similar intermolecular reaction mechanism is proposed for the 2e− reduction in the conventional “NaBH4 reduction” system.
Oxygen‐Induced 1D to 2D Transformation of On‐Surface Organometallic Structures
Authors: Ji Penghui , Galeotti Gianluca , De Marchi Fabrizio , Cui Daling , Sun Kewei , Zhang Haiming , Contini Giorgio , Ebrahimi Maryam , MacLean Oliver , Rosei Federico , Chi Lifeng
Published: August 2020

While surface‐confined Ullmann‐type coupling has been widely investigated for its potential to produce π‐conjugated polymers with unique properties, the pathway of this reaction in the presence of adsorbed oxygen has yet to be explored. Here, the effect of oxygen adsorption between different steps of the polymerization reaction is studied, revealing an unexpected transformation of the 1D organometallic (OM) chains to 2D OM networks by annealing, rather than the 1D polymer obtained on pristine surfaces. Characterization by scanning tunneling microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates that the networks consist of OM segments stabilized by chemisorbed oxygen at the vertices of the segments, as supported by density functional theory calculations. Hexagonal 2D OM networks with different sizes on Cu(111) can be created using precursors with different length, either 4,4″‐dibromo‐p‐terphenyl or 1,4‐dibromobenzene (dBB), and square networks are obtained from dBB on Cu(100). The control over size and symmetry illustrates a versatile surface patterning technique, with potential applications in confined reactions and host–guest chemistry.
Plasmonic Metallic Heteromeric Nanostructures
Authors: Zheng Guangchao , Mourdikoudis Stefanos , Zhang Zhicheng
Published: August 2020

Binary, ternary, and other high‐order plasmonic heteromers possess remarkable physical and chemical properties, enabling them to be used in numerous applications. The seed‐mediated approach is one of the most promising and versatile routes to produce plasmonic heteromers. Selective growth of one or multiple domains on desired sites of noble metal, semiconductor, or magnetic seeds would form desired heteromeric nanostructures with multiple functionalities and synergistic effects. In this work, the challenges for the synthetic approaches are discussed with respect to tuning the thermodynamics, as well as the kinetic properties (e.g., pH, temperature, injection rate, among others). Then, plasmonic heteromers with their structure advantages displaying unique activities compared to other hybrid nanostructures (e.g., core–shell, alloy) are highlighted. Some of the main most recent applications of plasmonic heteromers are also presented. Finally, perspectives for further exploitation of plasmonic heteromers are demonstrated. The goal of this work is to provide the current know‐how on the synthesis routes of plasmonic heteromers in a summarized manner, so as to achieve a better understanding of the resulting properties and to gain an improved control of their performances and extend their breadth of applications.
Culturally Sensitive Assessment of Mental Health for International Students
Authors: Koo Katie , Nyunt Gudrun
Published: August 2020

The chapter provides guidance on culturally sensitive assessment for international students’ mental health. By considering international students’ unique background and experiences, mental health professionals, as well as faculty, advisors, and student affairs staff, can more accurately and effectively assess international students’ mental health on both individual and institutional levels.
Our Turn to Serve: Assessing Military‐Connected Students
Authors: Lunceford Christina J. , Buetikofer Eric , Roberts Geoff
Published: August 2020

This chapter includes strategies for meaningful and useful assessment for military‐connected students. The authors define and clarify the distinctions among the population, address common assumptions and perceptions, and link implications and strategies for assessment and research to specific population characteristics.
Population Viability of Golden‐cheeked Warblers in an Urbanizing Landscape
Authors: Reidy Jennifer L. , Thompson Frank R. , O'Donnell Lisa
Published: August 2020

Population viability analyses can assess species persistence under current or simulated future conditions and guide conservation and management efforts for species of concern. We evaluated population viability of an endangered songbird, the golden‐cheeked warbler (Setophaga chrysoparia), over a 50‐year period using empirically derived population parameters collected from 2009 to 2015 on the Balcones Canyonlands Preserve (BCP), Travis County, Texas, USA. Assuming the extent and quality of habitat within the BCP does not change, the population remained stable with a population size of approximately 1,800 males, adult survival of 0.57, seasonal productivity of 1.32 male fledglings/territory, and assumed juvenile survival of 0.40. Population viability, however, was sensitive to changes in vital rates. The population declined toward local extinction when vital rates were at the low end of rates considered (0.47 adult survival, 1.14 male fledglings/territory, 0.28 juvenile survival), but had little to no probability of local extinction when vital rates were at the upper end (0.67 adult survival, 1.50 male fledglings/territory, 0.44 juvenile survival). Obtaining accurate estimates of juvenile survival remains problematic, but if juvenile survival is as low as previously reported elsewhere (0.28), the stability observed during the years of our study could be due to immigration of individuals displaced by habitat loss in the surrounding landscape. Increased carrying capacity, which served as a proxy for increased habitat quality within the BCP, was insufficient to sustain the population when productivity was low, illustrating the need for adequate seasonal productivity. Consistent with previous studies, our findings underscore the importance of managing for high‐quality breeding habitat and maintaining connectivity with other large habitat patches to promote the long‐term viability of the species. We suggest monitoring survival and productivity of high‐concern species may be justified because assessment of status from abundance alone can be confounded by immigration and other factors. © 2020 The Authors. Wildlife Society Bulletin published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
Brewing potential of the wild yeast species Saccharomyces paradoxus
Authors: Nikulin Jarkko , Vidgren Virve , Krogerus Kristoffer , Magalhães Frederico , Valkeemäki Seija , Kangas-Heiska Tapio , Gibson Brian
Published: August 2020

Saccharomyces paradoxus is commonly isolated from environmental samples in Northern Europe and North America, but is rarely found associated with fermentation. However, as novelty has become a selling point in beer markets, interest toward non-conventional and local yeasts is increasing. Here, we report the first comprehensive investigation of the brewing potential of the species. Eight wild strains of S. paradoxus were isolated from oak trees growing naturally in Finland, screened in a series of fermentation trials and the most promising strain was selected for lager beer brewing at pilot scale (40 l). Yeasts were evaluated according to their ability to utilize wort sugars, their production of flavour-active aroma volatiles, diacetyl and organic acids, and sensorial quality of beers produced. All strains could assimilate maltose but this occurred after a considerable lag phase. Once adapted, most wild strains reached attenuation rates close to 70%. Adaptation to maltose could be maintained by re-pitching and with appropriate handling of the adapted yeast. Fermentation at 15 °C with the best performing strain was completed in 17 days. Maltose was consumed as efficiently as with a reference lager yeast, but no maltotriose use was observed. Bottled beers were evaluated by a trained sensory panel, and were generally rated as good as, or better than, reference beers. S. paradoxus beers were considered full-bodied and had a relatively clean flavour profile despite the presence of the clove-like 4-vinyl guaiacol. In conclusion, S. paradoxus exhibits a number of traits relevant to brewing, and with appropriate handling could be applied industrially.
Assessment of coronary artery disease during hospitalization for cancer treatment
Authors: Mrotzek Simone M. , Lena Alessia , Hadzibegovic Sara , Ludwig Ria , Al-Rashid Fadi , Mahabadi Amir A. , Mincu Raluca I. , Michel Lars , Johannsen Laura , Hinrichs Lena , Schuler Martin , Keller Ulrich , Anker Stefan D. , Landmesser Ulf , Rassaf Tienush , Anker Markus S. , Totzeck Matthias
Published: August 2020

Background

With improvement of cancer-specific survival, comorbidities and treatment-related side effects, particularly cardiovascular toxicities, need close attention. The aim of the present study was to evaluate clinical characteristics and outcomes of cancer patients requiring coronary angiography during inpatient care.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of patients hospitalized between 02/2011 and 02/2018 in our two university hospital cancer centers. From a cohort of 60,676 cancer patients, we identified 153 patients (65.7 ± 11.6 years, 73.2% male), who underwent coronary angiography and were eligible for analysis. These were compared to a control group of 153 non-cancer patients pair-matched with respect to age, sex, and indication for catheterization.

Results

Cancer patients presented in 66% with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The most prevalent cancer entities were lymphoma (19%) and lung cancer (18.3%). The rate of primary percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) was significantly lower in the cancer cohort (40.5% vs. 53.6%, p = 0.029), although manifestation of coronary artery disease (CAD) and PCI results were comparable (SYNergy between PCI with TAXus and cardiac surgery (SYNTAX)-score, delta pre- and post-PCI − 9.8 vs. − 8.0, p = 0.2). Mortality was remarkably high in cancer patients (1-year mortality 46% vs. 8% in non-cancer patients, p < 0.001), particularly with troponin-positive ACS (5-year mortality 71%).

Conclusion

Strategies to effectively control cardiovascular risks in cancer patients are needed. Additionally, suspected CAD in cancer patients should not prevent prompt diagnostic clarification and optimal revascularization as PCI results in cancer patients are comparable to non-cancer patients and occurrence of troponin-positive ACS leads to a significantly increased risk of mortality.

Graphic Abstract
Treatment and re-operation rates in one thousand and three hundred tibial fractures from the Swedish Fracture Register
Authors: Wennergren David , Bergdahl Carl , Selse Amanda , Ekelund Jan , Sundfeldt Mikael , Möller Michael
Published: August 2020

Purpose

Approximately, 50 persons per 100,000 per year sustain a tibial fracture. There is, however, a lack of large cohort studies that describe the treatment and re-operation frequencies of tibial fractures. The aim of this study was to describe the treatment and re-operation rates of tibial fractures in all segments of the tibia.

Methods

Data related to all patients aged 16 and above treated for tibial fractures (ICD-10 S82.10-31) at Sahlgrenska University Hospital in 2011–2015 were extracted from the Swedish Fracture Register. To make sure all re-operations were included in the study, the operation planning system was checked for all patients included in the study.

Results

The study comprised 1371 tibial fractures − 712 proximal, 417 diaphyseal and 242 distal tibial fractures. Among the proximal and distal tibial fractures, plate fixation was the most commonly used surgical method, whereas among tibial shaft fractures, an intramedullary nail was the most commonly used surgical method. Almost 30% (29.8%) of all surgically treated tibial fractures underwent re-operation. Among proximal tibial fractures, 24.0% underwent re-operation; tibial shaft fractures 37.0% and distal tibial fractures 26.8%. Re-operations due to infection were more or less equally common in all segments (3.9–5.4%).

Conclusion

This study describes the treatment and re-operation rates after tibial fractures in a cohort of 1371 tibial fractures at Sahlgrenska University Hospital during a period of 5 years. The study shows an overall re-operation rate of 29.8% for fractures in all segments of the tibia.
Biophysical methods to quantify bacterial behaviors at oil–water interfaces
Authors: Conrad Jacinta C
Published: August 2020

Motivated by the need for improved understanding of physical processes involved in bacterial biodegradation of catastrophic oil spills, we review biophysical methods to probe bacterial motility and adhesion at oil–water interfaces. This review summarizes methods that probe bulk, average behaviors as well as local, microscopic behaviors, and highlights opportunities for future work to bridge the gap between biodegradation and biophysics.
Are specialists really safer than generalists for classical biocontrol?
Authors: Taylor Joseph Michael , Snyder William Emerson
Published: August 2020

Generalists rarely are considered for classical biocontrol because their broad feeding habits are expected to make non-target impacts inevitable. This assumes an increase in overall ecological risk with increasing number of feeding connections. With the goal of inspiring fresh consideration of the safety of exotic biocontrol agents for classical biocontrol, we present a selective review of the impacts of nine particularly-well-studied exotic natural enemies ranging from relative specialists to generalists. Surprisingly, non-target effects could be particularly strong for relative specialists that attacked just a few natives, but were often widespread but weak for the broadest generalists. This appeared to reflect relatively strong apparent competition and density-dependence for the narrow feeders, versus broadly diffuse net effects for the broader feeders. Overall, we suggest a sole focus on specialists in classical biocontrol might be an unreliable means to reduce ecological risk. Additional research is needed to fully compare the net direct and indirect effects of generalists and specialists across food webs, following classical biocontrol releases.
Body Boundary Work: Praxeological Thoughts on Personal Corporality
Authors: Boll Tobias , Müller Sophie Merit
Published: August 2020

In everyday life, we usually go by the one-body-one-person rule: one person has one body (and vice versa). This social belief builds on two assumptions: bodies are individual units and they (and ‘their’ person) are the same in different situations. This is also the conceptual resource for social theories that build on the notion of individuals. In this article, we turn it into a sociological topic. We develop a vocabulary for reconstructing bodily one-ness and bodily sameness as practically achieved social order, as body boundary work: what belongs to a body is a matter of local practices that define its situational contours, limits and margins. Practices of identification and personification draw on social memories and enact bodies as trans-situational entities. Persons and bodies, we argue, evolve in co-individuation. Personal corporality, then, can be conceptualized as a body of work that encompasses these practical efforts of boundary-making.
Volunteering Hierarchies in the Global South: Remuneration and Livelihoods
Authors: Baillie Smith Matt , Fadel Bianca , O’Loghlen Aisling , Hazeldine Shaun
Published: August 2020

This paper explores volunteering and inequality in the global South through an analysis of volunteering remuneration. We argue that the growing remuneration of volunteers reflects an increasing financialisation of volunteering by aid and development donors to match labour to project and sectoral objectives. We examine how these remuneration strategies shape volunteering economies and (re)produce hierarchies and inequalities in contexts in the global South where volunteers are often from marginalised communities. We analyse data collected in Africa and the Middle East as part of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) Global Review on Volunteering to explore these interweaving volunteering hierarchies and how they articulate with existing social stratifications. In these contexts, we argue that a livelihoods and capabilities approach across macro-, national and local levels provides an alternative and more nuanced way of accounting for volunteer remuneration within the range of assets that communities have to build their lives and future. When oriented towards catalysing these community assets, and away from rewarding particular kinds of individual labour, remuneration has the potential to enable rather than undermine sustained volunteering activity by and within marginalised communities.
Pharmacological classification of anticancer drugs applying chromatographic retention data and chemometric analysis
Authors: Gackowski Marcin , Koba Marcin , Pluskota Robert , Daghir-Wojtkowiak Emilia , Szatkowska-Wandas Paulina , Kruszewski Stefan
Published: August 2020

The combination of chromatography and chemometrics has been introduced in order to provide information about drug analytes, biological macromolecules, the stationary phase, whose properties are related to molecular pharmacology and rational drug design. In this work a pharmacological classification was made in order to find strategy for predicting an activity of anticancer drugs. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method has been employed to build some relationship models between the following: lipophilicity parameters of selected antitumor drugs obtained by chromatographic analysis, some molecular modeling descriptors from HyperChem software, lipophilicity parameters calculated by proper program, biological activity, as well as mechanism of actions and therapeutic properties of selected anticancer drugs. The most significant influence on factors value had parameters, which described compounds’ lipophilicity. Important debt on antitumor properties had some other molecular descriptors, which were considered in this paper (e.g. topological, physico-chemical, and energy ones). In addition, distribution of individual drugs on plots determined by two principal components had shown points in good accordance with their chemical structures and cytostatic activity as well as their mechanism of actions and therapeutic properties.
Sharp estimates for the spreading speeds of the Lotka-Volterra diffusion system with strong competition
Authors: Peng Rui , Wu Chang-Hong , Zhou Maolin
Published: August 2020

This paper is concerned with the classical two-species Lotka-Volterra diffusion system with strong competition. The sharp dynamical behavior of the solution is established in two different situations: either one species is an invasive one and the other is a native one or both are invasive species. Our results seem to be the first that provide a precise spreading speed and profile for such a strong competition system. Among other things, our analysis relies on the construction of new types of supersolution and subsolution, which are optimal in certain sense.
Effort Thrombosis Presenting as Unilateral “Pumped” Arm in a Climber
Authors: Musi Martin E. , Melher Abigail , Bromfield Alexander , Rochon Paul J. , Davis Christopher B.
Published: August 2020

Upper extremity injuries are common among the growing population of climbers. Although conditions affecting musculoskeletal structures are the most common causes of symptoms, a comprehensive differential diagnosis is necessary to avoid the misdiagnosis of high-morbidity conditions in this patient population. We present a case of a climber with acute edema, erythema, and pain of the entire right upper extremity. After confirmation of an upper extremity deep vein thrombosis by ultrasound, and in the absence of secondary causes for his thrombotic process, he was diagnosed with effort thrombosis. The patient was treated acutely with anticoagulation, catheter thrombectomy, direct thrombolysis, and balloon angioplasty followed by surgical decompression of the subclavian vein. Owing to the importance of early diagnosis and initiation of treatment, it is critical to keep disorders affecting the upper thoracic vascular structures in consideration.
Understanding public perception of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) social distancing on Twitter
Authors: Saleh Sameh N. , Lehmann Christoph U. , McDonald Samuel A. , Basit Mujeeb A. , Medford Richard J.
Published: August 2020

Objective:

Social distancing policies are key in curtailing severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread, but their effectiveness is heavily contingent on public understanding and collective adherence. We studied public perception of social distancing through organic, large-scale discussion on Twitter.

Design:

Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Methods:

Between March 27 and April 10, 2020, we retrieved English-only tweets matching two trending social distancing hashtags, #socialdistancing and #stayathome. We analyzed the tweets using natural language processing and machine-learning models, and we conducted a sentiment analysis to identify emotions and polarity. We evaluated the subjectivity of tweets and estimated the frequency of discussion of social distancing rules. We then identified clusters of discussion using topic modeling and associated sentiments.

Results:

We studied a sample of 574,903 tweets. For both hashtags, polarity was positive (mean, 0.148; SD, 0.290); only 15% of tweets had negative polarity. Tweets were more likely to be objective (median, 0.40; IQR, 0–0.6) with ~30% of tweets labeled as completely objective (labeled as 0 in range from 0 to 1). Approximately half of tweets (50.4%) primarily expressed joy and one-fifth expressed fear and surprise. Each correlated well with topic clusters identified by frequency including leisure and community support (ie, joy), concerns about food insecurity and quarantine effects (ie, fear), and unpredictability of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its implications (ie, surprise).

Conclusions:

Considering the positive sentiment, preponderance of objective tweets, and topics supporting coping mechanisms, we concluded that Twitter users generally supported social distancing in the early stages of their implementation.
A Divergence-Free Immersed Boundary Method and Its Finite Element Applications
Authors: Zhou Chuan , Li Jianhua , Wang Huaan , Mu Kailong , Zhao Lanhao
Published: August 2020

In order to maintain the no-slip condition and the divergence-free property simultaneously, an iterative scheme of immersed boundary method in the finite element framework is presented. In this method, the Characteristic-based Split scheme is employed to solve the momentum equations and the formulation for the pressure and the extra body force is derived according to the no-slip condition. The extra body force is divided into two divisions, one is in relation to the pressure and the other is irrelevant. Two corresponding independent iterations are set to solve the two sections. The novelty of this method lies in that the correction of the velocity increment is included in the calculation of the extra body force which is relevant to the pressure and the update of the force is incorporated into the iteration of the pressure. Hence, the divergence-free properties and no-slip conditions are ensured concurrently. In addition, the current method is validated with well-known benchmarks.
Does Property Ownership Lead to Participation in Local Politics? Evidence from Property Records and Meeting Minutes
Authors: YODER JESSE
Published: August 2020

Homeowners and renters have participated in politics at different rates throughout American history, but does becoming a property owner motivate an individual to participate in local politics? I combine deed-level property records in California and Texas with an original dataset on individual comments in local city council meetings to study the role of property ownership in shaping costly forms of political behavior, and I document large inequalities in who participates at city council meetings. I also link property records to individual-level contribution records and administrative voter files and find that becoming a property owner increases an individual’s political activity. Over and above voting in local elections, property ownership motivates individuals to participate in local city council meetings and donate to candidates. These findings illustrate how the experience of homeownership leads property owners to become much more active in local politics.
Exploring Temporality in Horacio Vaggione’s Compositional Thought
Authors: Görgün İpek
Published: August 2020

This article aims to elaborate Horacio Vaggione’s theoretical approach towards electronic music composition and his understanding of the musical structure, and to discuss how some of his key concepts come into presence during the compositional experience of temporality. Following the introduction of object-oriented composition and musical networks, I will discuss the concept of morphology alongside an investigation of how these ideas relate to temporality. In addition to this inquiry, I will briefly explore the possibilities of an ontological discussion on Vaggione’s compositional mindset and how his temporal perspective differs from some of his colleagues.
The Future is Graphic: Animated notation for contemporary practice
Authors: Hope Cat
Published: August 2020

A growing number of musicians are recognising the importance of re-thinking notation and its capacity to support contemporary practice. New music is increasingly more collaborative and polystylistic, engaging a greater range of sounds from both acoustic and electronic instruments. Contemporary compositional approaches combine composition, improvisation, found sounds, production and multimedia elements, but common practice music notation has not evolved to reflect these developments. While traditional notations remain the most effective way to communicate information about tempered harmony and the subdivision of metre for acoustic instruments, graphic and animated notations may provide an opportunity for the representation and communication of electronic music. If there is a future for notating electronic music, the micro-tonality, interactivity, non-linear structures, improvisation, aleatoricism and lack of conventional rhythmic structures that are features of it will not be facilitated by common practice notation. This article proposes that graphic and animated notations do have this capacity to serve electronic music, and music that combines electronic and acoustic instruments, as they enable increased input from performers from any musical style, reflect the collaborative practices that are a signpost of current music practice. This article examines some of the ways digitally rendered graphic and animated notations can represent contemporary electronic music-making and foster collaboration between musicians and composers of different musical genres, integrating electronic and acoustic practices.
En[dj]uring [ʧ]unes or ma[tj]ure [ʤ]ukes? Yod-coalescence and yod-dropping in theEighteenth-Century English Phonology Database
Authors: BEAL JOAN C. , SEN RANJAN , YÁÑEZ-BOUZA NURIA , WALLIS CHRISTINE
Published: August 2020

Yod-coalescence involving alveolar consonants before Late Modern English /uː/ from earlier /iu > juː/ is still variable and diffusing in Present-day English. For example, theOxford English Dictionary(OED) gives both (/tj dj/) and (/ʧ ʤ/) British English pronunciations fortune(/tjuːn/, /tʃuːn/),mature(/mǝˈtjʊǝ/, /mǝˈʧʊǝ/),duke(/djuːk/, /dʒuːk/) andendure(/ᵻnˈdjʊə/, /ɛnˈdjʊə/, /ᵻnˈdʒʊə/, /ɛnˈdʒʊə/, /ᵻnˈdjɔː/, /ɛnˈdjɔː/, /ᵻnˈdʒɔː/, /ɛnˈdʒɔː/). Extensive variability in yod-coalescence and yod-dropping is not recent in origin, and we can already detect relevant patterns in the eighteenth century from the evidence of a range of pronouncing dictionaries. Beal (1996, 1999) notes a tendency for northern English and Scottish authors to be more conservative with regard to yod-coalescence. She concludes that we require ‘a comprehensive survey of the many pronouncing dictionaries and other works on pronunciation’ (1996: 379) to gain more insight into the historical variation patterns underlying Present-day English.

This article presents some results from such a ‘comprehensive survey’: theEighteenth-Century English Phonology Database(ECEP). Transcriptions of all relevant words located are compared across a range of eighteenth-century sources in order to determine the chronology of yod-coalescence and yod-dropping as well as internal (e.g. stress, phoneme type, presence of a following /r/) and external (e.g. prescriptive, geographical, social) motivations for these developments.
Deep Learning Models for Estimation of the SuperDARN Cross Polar Cap Potential
Authors: Liu Erxiao , Hu Hongqiao , Liu Jianjun , Qiao Lei
Published: August 2020

We present deep learning models for cross polar cap potential (CPCP) by applying multilayer perceptron (MLP) and long short‐term memory (LSTM) networks to estimate CPCP based on Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) measurements. Three statistical parameters are proposed, which are root‐mean‐square error (RMSE), mean absolute error and linear correlation coefficient (LC), to validate and test the models by measuring their performance on an independent data set that was withheld from the training data set. In addition, we compare the models with previous work. The results show that the deep learning models can successfully reproduce the CPCP values with much lower RMSE (8.41 kV for MLP and 7.20 kV for LSTM) and mean absolute error (7.22 kV for MLP and 6.28 kV for LSTM) and higher LC (0.84 for MLP and 0.90 for LSTM) than do the other models, which have RMSE larger than 10 kV and LC lower than 0.75. The deep learning models can also express the CPCP nonlinear properties (saturation effect) accurately. This study demonstrates that deep learning techniques can enhance the ability to predict CPCP.
The PMC Turbo Balloon Mission to Measure Gravity Waves and Turbulence in Polar Mesospheric Clouds: Camera, Telemetry, and Software Performance
Authors: Kjellstrand Carl Bjorn , Jones Glenn , Geach Christopher , Williams Bifford P. , Fritts David C. , Miller Amber , Hanany Shaul , Limon Michele , Reimuller Jason
Published: August 2020

The Polar Mesospheric Cloud Turbulence (PMC Turbo) instrument consists of a balloon‐borne platform which hosts seven cameras and a Rayleigh lidar. During a 6‐day flight in July 2018, the cameras captured images of Polar Mesospheric Clouds (PMCs) with a sensitivity to spatial scales from ~20 m to 100 km at a ~2‐s cadence and a full field of view (FOV) of hundreds of kilometers. We developed software optimized for imaging of PMCs, controlling multiple independent cameras, compressing and storing images, and for choosing telemetry communication channels. We give an overview of the PMC Turbo design focusing on the flight software and telemetry functions. We describe the performance of the system during its first flight in July 2018.
Microbial Imprints on Sulfide Minerals in Submarine Hydrothermal Deposits of the East Pacific Rise
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhang Xingliang , Wang Weiguo
Published: August 2020

Diverse numbers of iron‐ and sulfur‐oxidizing microbes have been found in submarine hydrothermal deposits. They have played a prominent role in weathering of seafloor sulfide deposits. However, evidence for microbe‐mineral interactions in sediments is rare. Mineralogic analysis and scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDX) examination of sulfide deposits from the East Pacific Rise demonstrated that (1) sulfide minerals were extensively leached, with characteristic microbial dissolution pits on mineral surfaces; (2) the possible Acidithiobacillus‐like bacteria and metabolites were found closely associated with the dissolution pits in situ. The results provide direct evidence for microbial leaching on the solid mineral crystals, most likely by the contact mechanisms, in the seafloor sulfide deposits.
Comparing Slip Distribution of an Active Fault System at Various Timescales: Insights for the Evolution of the Mt. Vettore‐Mt. Bove Fault System in Central Apennines
Authors: Puliti Irene , Pizzi Alberto , Benedetti Lucilla , Di Domenica Alessandra , Fleury Jules
Published: August 2020

In 2016, the Mt. Vettore‐Mt. Bove normal fault system (VBFS) broke during three earthquakes (Mw 6.0, Mw 5.9, and Mw 6.5), associated with clear coseismic ruptures. Based on high‐resolution topography and geological field data, we determined the displacements of the VBFS. The distributions of the coseismic and postglacial displacements exhibit similar asymmetric shapes, suggesting self‐similar slip profiles over the last 18 kyr. The highest displacement during the 2016 events is localized on the southern Mt. Vettore segments, the southern tip of the VBFS, which also showed the maximum throw of 32 m over the last 18 kyr yielding to a very fast throw rate of 1.6 ± 0.5 mm/yr. Assuming a constant throw rate, the geological displacement we determined suggests an inception age of 200–250 kyr for the surface rupturing faults that ruptured in 2016 on the Mt. Vettore sector. This value can be interpreted as the minimum age for the onset of those faults in the Mt. Vettore and might result from a southward shift of VBFS activity with a change of the fault system pattern. We infer that the observed slip distribution, maximum at Mt. Vettore and tapering‐off southward, might be due to the VBFS lengthening processes towards the Laga Fault and its interaction with pre‐existing structure such as Olevano‐Antrodoco‐Sibillini thrust that might play a key role in controlling the VBFS's evolution.
Unique phonon modes of a CH3NH3PbBr3 hybrid perovskite film without the influence of defect structures: an attempt toward a novel THz-based application
Authors: Maeng Inhee , Lee Seungjun , Tanaka Hiroshi , Yun Jung-Ho , Wang Shenghao , Nakamura Masakazu , Kwon Young-Kyun , Jung Min-Cherl
Published: August 2020

The exploration of new physical properties for various THz-based applications, such as THz-wave sensing, modulation, and imaging devices, is a key challenge in the research on organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite materials. These THz-based applications require satisfactory, sensitive, and stable absorption properties with values between 0.5 and 3 THz. To achieve these properties, candidate materials should possess a purified structure that induces regular and fixed phonon modes without any defects or impurities. CH3NH3PbBr3, an organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite thin film produced by a sequential vacuum evaporation method on a flexible PET substrate, was investigated in this study. Although the thin film contains only molecular defects related to CH3NH2 incorporated into the perovskite structure, our THz-wave absorption measurement and first-principles simulation confirmed that these molecular defects do not influence the three phonon modes originating from the transverse vibration (0.8 THz), the longitudinal optical vibrations (1.4 THz) of the Pb–Br–Pb bonds, and the optical Br vibration (2.0 THz). After spin-casting an ultrathin PTAA polymer protective layer (5 nm) on the hybrid perovskite thin film, it was additionally observed that there was no significant effect on the phonon modes. Thus, this novel flexible organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite material is a potential candidate for THz-based applications.
The dynamics of gas-bubble formation at saturated conditions in porous media flow
Authors: Chang K. Alex , Lindquist W. Brent
Published: August 2020

We investigate the stability of gas bubbles formed at saturated (bubble-point) conditions during two-component ($$\hbox {CO}_2$$

CO
2

, $$\hbox {H}_2$$

H
2

O), two-phase (gas, liquid) flow by developing and analyzing a $$2\times 2$$

2
×
2

dynamical system describing flow through a single pore to study the dynamics of gas bubble formation and evolution. Our analysis indicates that three regimes occur at conditions pertinent to petroleum reservoirs. These regimes correspond to a critical point changing type from an unstable node to an unstable spiral and then to a stable spiral as flow rates increase. In the stable spiral case gas bubbles will achieve a steady-state finite size only if they form within the attractor region of the stable spiral. Otherwise, all gas bubbles that form undergo, possibly oscillatory, growth and then dissolve completely. Under steady flow conditions, this formation and dissolution repeats cyclically.
The Effect of Metalinguistic Sentence Combining on Eighth-Grade Students' Understanding and Written Expression of Comparison and Contrast in Science
Authors: Telesca Lynne , Ehren Barbara J. , Hahs-Vaughn Debbie L. , Zygouris-Coe Vassiliki “Vicky” I. , Kong Anthony Pak-Hin
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine whether sentence combining with an explicit metalinguistic approach in comparison to typical science instruction was effective in improving written expression and understanding of comparison/contrast in science for eighth-grade students who struggle with literacy.

Method

Eighty-four eighth-grade students who struggle with literacy participated in this study. The experimental group (n= 36) received the writing intervention of metalinguistic sentence combining (MSC) during their science class for a total of 400 min (20 intervention sessions, 20 min each), while the comparison group (n= 48) participated in their typical science instruction. Total science instruction time was held constant for both groups. All students completed pretests and posttests to determine an increase in (a) syntactic factors of academic science text such as longer sentence length and use of syntactic forms of connectives, targeted connectives, left embeddedness, and agentless passive voice when responding to a science compare and contrast writing prompt; and (b) listing similarities and differences between two science concepts on a graphic organizer.

Results

Treatment was effective in improving the experimental group's score in listing similarities and differences between two science concepts on a graphic organizer. There were no significant differences between the two groups in their use of syntactic factors typical of academic text when responding to a science compare and contrast writing prompt.

Conclusions

MSC was effective in improving the experimental student's ability to demonstrate understanding of comparison and contrast in science. Modifications to the MSC intervention may yield better results in the experimental group's posttreatment writing in future studies.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12735950
Globally Asymptotic Stable Attitude Estimation with Application to MEMS Sensors
Authors: Jiang Wei , Zhang Weiguo , Shi Jingping , Lyu Yongxi , Chen Huakun
Published: August 2020

Aiming at the requirement of attitude information module with high precision, small size and low power consumption for the control of miniature UAV, a practical attitude estimation algorithm based on the micro-electro-mechanical sensor is proposed in this paper, which realizes the accurate estimation of the attitude of the UAV under the condition of low acceleration. A low-cost MEMS gyroscope, accelerometer, and magnetometer are used in the system. The Euler angle is obtained by the state observer method based on Direction Cosine Matrix (DCM) which can be got by fusing the sensor data. Firstly, based on the basic idea of TRIAD algorithm, a method to determine the attitude rotation matrix by accelerometer and magnetometric measurement is proposed. Compared with the traditional method, this method does not have to calculate the inverse of the matrix. Secondly, a state observer is intended to estimate the attitude of the system. The state observer doesn't have to observe the bias of the gyroscope, but still ensures the convergence of the Euler angle. Finally, the simulation based on the actual sampling data of the MEMS sensor shows that the output of the state observer designed in this paper still has high accuracy and good dynamic characteristics under the condition of gyroscope noise and bias.
Research on Degree Distribution Optimization of LT Codes
Authors: Liu Yachen , Wang Pengcheng , Tian Dehong , Sun Haixin , Qi Jie , Song Ruiping
Published: August 2020

LT code, as a channel coding scheme with good adaptability to the channel, has a stable performance in data transmission of underwater acoustic communication. In the case of large decoding overhead, the LT code can reach the ideal bit error rate(BER), but when the length of the encoded data is short, its coding and decoding performance is not ideal. LT code was applied to underwater acoustic communication by combining with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), and a LT-OFDM system was constructed. To improve the performance of LT code in the case of short code length, a method for degree distribution optimization was proposed on the objective of minimizing BER and minimizing average coding degree. Simulation and sea trial results show that under the same BER this method can optimize the system, transform 7%-22% conversion, and reduce the complexity of coding and decoding.
Overview of Integrated Vehicle Management System
Authors: Wu Wenhai , Guo Xiaofeng , Zhou Siyu
Published: August 2020

Under the modern high-tech condition, the demand of air combat has been stricter on the combat performance and the integration of fighter, which impels the application of integrated vehicle management technology and makes it become the core technology of the advanced fighter about the mission management and vehicle management. From an overview of tactical flight management system's technical background and the state of development, this paper systematically introduces the issues, including the development process & history, architecture framework of the integrated vehicle management system (IVMS) which divided into perception layers, decision layer and execution layer, and function system architecture and software system architecture. Through a comprehensive analysis for the functions of each level, comprehensively expounds the basic function and key technology of IVMS which included situation awareness and assessment, mission path planning, integrated navigation, automatic attack guidance, health management and prognostic and intelligent pilot-vehicle interface, and the future development directions are also discussed.
Televised confessions in the People’s Republic of China
Authors: Carter Liz
Published: August 2020

This study examines the use of lexical grammar and gaze in three televised confession news segments discussing national
identity shown on PRC state-backed media in 2016. It aims to apply discourse analysis methodologies previously used to study PRC mass media
(Fang 1994, Fang 2001, Feng 2013, Feng 2016, Renwick and Cao
1999) to subject matter previously researched mainly in other disciplines (Leung 2017,
Fiskesjö 2017, Sorace 2019, Dahlin 2018). Following multimodal analysis of lexical grammar and gaze patterns, social identity theory is applied
to understand narrative messaging similarities across the three segments. By applying the methodologies of discourse analysis, multimodal
analysis, and social identity theory to a heretofore neglected topic, the study aims to better understand this phenomenon and to determine
what methodological adjustments might be necessary in its investigation.