bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Restrictions on Capital Flows and International Financial Institutions’ Support
Authors:   Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, College of Sciences and Humanities in Al-Sulail, Zehri Chokri
Published: December 2020

n the wake of the 2008 financial crisis, international financial institutions have changed their views on the benefits of capital account liberalization and the management of capital flows. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) began to publicly express support for what have traditionally been referred to as “capital controls.” The impacts of restrictions on capital flows have, unfortunately, still not been established, and capital controls create distortions if they remain in place indefinitely. The present study uses quarterly data on capital controls in 25 emerging economies over the period between 2000 and 2016. Through an examination of a panel vector autoregressive (PVAR) with variance decomposition and impulse-response functions analysis, the study provides further evidence of some domestic effects of restrictions on capital flows. The results show that restrictions were more effective following the 2008 financial crisis and allowed for more monetary policy autonomy and exchange rate stability. Unexpectedly, the findings do not show any significant impact on international reserves accumulation. The study highlights the necessity of following the international financial organizations’ guidelines to well manage external capital flows and to better coordinate macroeconomic policies in the hope of finding an optimal policy mix.
The World Bank Financial Intermediary Funds as a Multilateral Mechanism to Channel Assistance to Politically Unstable Regions: The Case of the Middle East and North Africa Transition Fund
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Bartenev Vladimir , Solomatin Alexey ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: December 2020

In recent years there has been a steady growth of “multi-bilateral aid,” or voluntary earmarked contributions transferred by international donors through multilateral organizations. The World Bank Group’s financial intermediary funds (FIFs) and trust funds have gained an especially wide recognition and have been particularly instrumental in channelling aid to fragile states — a priority group of partners for achieving the United Nations’ sustainable development goals. But researchers have paid much less attention to FIFs than to trust funds.This article identifies characteristic features of World Bank IFIs as a multilateral mechanism to channel aid to politically unstable regions, focusing on the Middle East and North Africa Transition Fund (MENA TF) established in 2012 to support Arab countries undergoing political transitions as a result of the Arab Awakening. The introductory section examines the particularities, benefits and risks of establishing FIFs as multilateral mechanisms to transfer development assistance. These parameters are illustrated in subsequent sections which discuss the MENA TF’s establishment procedures, governance structure, and mobilization and allocation of funds.The article concludes that for each of the parties involved, hypothetically, World Bank FIFs are a quite convenient mechanism for supporting fragile states. However, the example of the MENA TF conclusively shows that everything depends on the concrete political context of their establishment and operation. In terms of some key parameters (establishment procedure, governance structure) the MENA TF mechanism is very similar to other funds of the same type, but its operation is strongly affected by challenges uncommon to the majority of FIFs, which are focused on more politically neutral sectors. These challenges stem from several factors, including the predominance of political decisions within the Deauville Partnership, a unique list of contributors, and a severity of discord among them given the drastic deterioration of the political climate in the Arab world and beyond in 2014. This not only disrupted plans to engage more donors and mobilize the planned amount of funds, but it also stipulated a visible politicization of aid allocation. Political risks which materialized in the MENA TF operations might occur in other FIFs focused on fragile states and situations. The establishment of additional multilateral mechanisms, thus, requires learning from experience and prioritizing risk assessment and mitigation.
The Monroe Doctrine 2.0 and U.S.-China-Latin America Trilateral Relations
Authors:   State University of São Paulo (Unesp), Pires Marcos , Nascimento Lucas Gualberto ,   University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)
Published: December 2020

The election of Donald Trump caused a change in the direction of U.S. foreign policy for Latin America with the imposition of new sanctions on the Cuban government (starting a new cold war with the island) and the attempted regime changes in Venezuela and Nicaragua, whose governments are seen as a threat by Washington’s elite. In September 2018, during a speech at the opening session of the United Nations General Assembly in New York, Donald Trump took up the principles of the Monroe Doctrine as formal a U.S. policy and rejected the alleged interference of foreign states in the western hemisphere and in the internal affairs of the United States — a direct allusion to China and Russia. This change in U.S. policy toward Latin America has had a great impact on Sino-Latin American relations in the context of political pressures and aggressive rhetoric seeking to curb the Chinese presence there. This article explores the motivation behind the new attitude of the United States in its relations with Latin America and how it impacts Sino-Latin American relations.
Leaping Jaguar, Crouching Tiger: Comparing the Strategic Culture of Brazil and India
Authors:   University of Central Florida, Degaut Marcos ,   Secretary of Defence Products at the Brazilian Ministry of Defence
Published: December 2020

Based on the premise that each country has a particular way of interpreting and reacting to international events, the study of strategic culture provides an important analytical tool for understanding and explaining how countries see the world and what drives their foreign policy practices and preferences. Considering that the rise of emerging powers has the potential to affect the balance of power in the international system, this article examines and compares the strategic culture of two of the most important emerging countries in the world, Brazil and India. While apparently exhibiting completely different patterns of strategic thinking, which have led them to pursue different approaches to reach their objectives, these two states share a belief that they are predestined to “greatness,” to play a more significant role in their regional contexts, and to become major stakeholders in global affairs. As the largest countries in their respective regions, Brazil and India can help to shape the future of Latin America and South Asia. Their international behaviour can not only condition the foreign, security and domestic policies and strategies of their neighbours but also impact the ambitions of extra-regional powers with a stake in those regions. Analyzing the strategic culture of these two countries can therefore help policymakers and scholars to understand the rationale for their perceptions and ambitions, what influences and drives their foreign and security policies, how they see the world and why they behave the way they do.
Eurasian Integration in the American Scientific-Academic Discourse
Authors:   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Viver Virsaviya
Published: December 2020

The article discusses modern Eurasian integration - regional processes of unification in the post-Soviet space, in which Russia plays a guiding role. Despite the declaration by the American establishment of the importance of the Eurasian macro region and the deep involvement of the United States in the region’s affairs, the American foreign policy discourse clearly shows a lack of interest on the part of the expert community in integration in the post-Soviet space against the backdrop of Washington’s assistance in integration processes in other regions of the world. In this regard, the purpose of the article is to analyze the current practice of coverage in the American scientific and academic discourse of Eurasian integration processes with the active role of Russia. Based on the opinion of American experts from centrist, liberal and conservative think tanks, it is planned to determine the place of Eurasian integration issues in the American foreign policy discourse, to determine the dynamics of changes in the process of coverage of Eurasian integration by the American expert community, and to outline the nature of the assessments of American experts on Eurasian integration projects.
Fuzzy production network model for quality assessment of an information system based on microservices
Authors: Doljenko Alexey , Shpolianskaya Irina , Glushenko Sergey
Published: December 2020

This article describes the analysis of the quality of microservice architectures, which are one of the main approaches to the creation and maintenance of modern information systems capable of quickly respond to changes in business demands. The implementation of continuous delivery of software components for dynamic business processes of information systems can be carried out by various sets of microservices, the optimal choice of which is a complex multi-alternative task. The paper presents a review of existing approaches to solving the problem, which showed that the development of models for assessing the quality of microservices of information systems requires further elaboration in terms of accounting for uncertainty in the initial data and modes of operation. The authors have proposed an approach to solving the problem of analyzing the quality of a microservice architecture which is implemented on the basis of a fuzzy production network model. The model allows for comprehensive accounting of various parameters (qualitative and quantitative). The article shows the implementation process of the fuzzy production network that was developed to analyze the functional quality of the microservice architecture for processing customer orders using fuzzy modeling software. The results of the analysis will allow managers and system architects to make an informed choice of the microservice architecture of the information system, as well as use it in their reports when arguing the need for scaling the system and increasing the availability of microservices.
Wuhan coronavirus spread in Russia: macroeconomic production function in regard to transport and communication infrastructure
Authors: Afanasiev Anton , Ponomareva Olga
Published: December 2020

Transport and communication infrastructure plays an important role in ensuring economic growth, also in the context of the Wuhan coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) spread worldwide. The role of the communication component increases with the epidemic and the associated restrictive measures, which replace, to a certain extent, the transport component. We offer an econometric study of the macroeconomic production function in the Russian Federation with transport and communication infrastructure (the fixed assets average annual value of the Russian transport and communications sectors) for 1990–2018. The arguments for this function are the average annual value of fixed assets in constant 1990 prices, the average annual rate of the use of production capacities in Russian industry, the average annual number of people employed in the national economy, the average annual value of fixed assets of transport and communications in constant 1990 prices. Our research demonstrates that in 2010–2018 the GDP elasticity to production infrastructure was decreasing. We explain this by the reduction in the volume of capital investments in the infrastructure sector’s fixed assets. In addition, we offer an analytical modification of the macroeconomic production function for 2020 in the context of the spread of the Wuhan coronavirus among the Russian population by introducing into this function the average annual rates of labor and infrastructure capacity use, which, along with the average annual rate of fixed assets capacity use are functions of the predicted values of the daily number of the infected Russian citizens. These predicted values are calculated by the time dependent Gaussian quadratic exponent estimated by the least squares. We present the accuracy of the forecast results for the 2020 spring trends of the daily number of Russian and Moscow population infected with the Wuhan coronavirus. The average APE forecast error for 30 days ahead for Russia is 10.4% and the same for five weeks for Moscow is 10%. Moreover, we make forecasts of the officially published daily number of infected Russian population for fall 2020 – spring 2021.
Statistical optimization of culture medium composition for enhanced zeaxanthin production by Cyanophycean microalgae Trichodesmium thiebautii (NIOT 152)
Authors:   National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), Chennai, 600 100, Tamil Nadu, India, Srinivasan Priyanka
Published: December 2020

Background/Objectives: Zeaxanthin is a xanthophyll carotenoid revered for its role in the prevention of age related macular degeneration. The study evaluated the zeaxanthin accumulation of the marine Cyanophycean alga Trichodesmium thiebautii (NIOT 152). A sequential statistical technique was applied to optimize the Artificial Sea Water nutrient medium (ASN-III) components for enhancing the zeaxanthin accumulation in T. thiebautii. Methods: A two-level statistical approach involving Plackett-Burman (PB) design to screen the most important nutrients influencing the zeaxanthin accumulation followed by Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed. The results of PB design revealed sodium nitrate, disodium EDTA, magnesium sulphate and sodium carbonate as the crucial medium components for increasing zeaxanthin accumulation. Further, RSM was employed to study the interaction between these factors and identified an optimum concentration of the ingredients for higher zeaxanthin production. Findings: The optimized medium components resulted in 2.33 fold increase in zeaxanthin accumulation (4.3 ± 1.29 mg L-1) as compared to ASN III medium (1.84 ± 0.12 mg L-1). Novelty: There are only few studies on laboratory cultured Trichodesmium and only very few reports are available regarding pigment production from Trichodesmium sp. The present study successfully demonstrated the statistical optimization of ASN III medium to improve zeaxanthin accumulation by Trichodesmium thiebautii. Keywords: ASN III medium; zeaxanthin; Trichodesmium thiebautii; Plackett-Burman; response surface methodology REFERENCE
Geochemistry and mineral chemistry of quartz mica schists within Iseyin-Oyan Schist Belt, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Geosciences, PAULESI, University of Ibadan Nigeria, Abdus-Salam Maryam
Published: December 2020

Background/Objectives: The Iseyin-Oyan schist belt is made up metasedimentary rocks, gneisses, granites and pegmatite intrusions. The study was aimed at identifying the schist within this belt and assess their metamorphism, geochemical characteristics and tectonic origin. Methods: Detailed geologic field mapping was undertaken where rocks were located, studied in-situ and identified. Samples of the schist were prepared for petrographic studies. Mineralogical contents were determined using X-Ray Diffraction technique. Polished sections were studied for mineral chemistry using Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. Rock samples were analysed using X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometry. Geochemical data were elucidated using diverse geochemical discrimination diagrams. Findings: The schists are quartz mica schists and occur in close association with amphibolites, intrusive granitoids and pegmatites. The Mineral assemblage indicates upper (at the western part) to lower (at the central part) amphibolite facies grade metamorphism in the area. Pyrope-almandine garnets occur in quartz mica schist at the western parts reinforcing higher pressure-temperature metamorphic conditions. The concentration (in %) of SiO2 ranged from 56.4-71.6; Al2O3, 13.7-21.1; Fe2O3, 2-8; MgO, 0.7-2.4; and K2O, 2.1-5.5 supporting the evidence for differential degrees of metamorphism. Large iron lithophile and high field strength elements are similar to the average upper continental crust. Pronounced negative Europium anomaly pointed to the major roles played by feldspars during the geological processes. Plagioclase ranged from albite-oligoclase and oligoclase- andesine. The precursors of the quartz mica schist are possibly arkosic and greywacke sands deposited within the active continental margins. Evidence of uplift and overturning suggested for the differential metamorphism may be due to these events usually associated with active continental margins. Applications: This study has identified the once named undifferentiated schist in the study area to be quartz mica schist with details in their grades of metamorphism elucidated. Keywords: Quartz mica schist; geochemistry; mineral chemistry; Iseyin-Oyan schist belt; precambrian basement complex
Interference resilient stochastic prediction based dynamic resource allocation model for cognitive MANETs
Authors:   Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bengaluru, 560078, Karnataka, India, Raj K Shashi
Published: December 2020

Background/Objectives: Being dynamic in nature, Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) requires robust resource allocation strategy that can ensure both optimal transmission reliability and resource efficiency to meet Quality of Service (QoS) demands. The objective of this research is to address interference resilience requirement in MANETs which is must due to greedy nature of nodes especially when accessing resource or bandwidth and develop a highly robust stochastic prediction based resource allocation strategy. Methods: The proposed Interference Resilient Stochastic Prediction based Dynamic Resource Allocation model for Cognitive MANET (ISP-DRACM) intends to enable optimal resource allocation under interweave and underlay network setup with instantaneous as well as average interference conditions. It employs a joint power management and resource allocation strategy where it intends to maximize the weighted sum-rate of the secondary users under certain defined conditions like average power and stochastic interference level. Findings/Novelty: Inculcating resource allocation problem as controlled Markov Decision Process using Hidden Markov Model (HMM) and Lagrange relaxation, our proposed model achieves better resource allocation under limited noise or interference condition and hence achieves both costeffectiveness as well as QoS provision. This method has exhibited satisfactory performance towards spectrum allocation to the secondary users without imposing any significant interference for both interweave as well as underlay Cognitive Radio setup. Keywords: Cognitive mobile ad-hoc network; stochastic prediction; interference resilience; channel state information; dynamic resource allocation; underlay and overlay cognitive MANET
Cardiac involvement in patients of dengue fever in reference to ECG and Echocardiography – A tertiary care center study
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, PCMS and RC Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, Sukhwani Dr. Nitesh , Chhari Dr. Rohit ,   Postgraduate student, 3rd year, Department of Medicine, PCMS and RC Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Dengue rarely affects the heart but clinical symptoms of cardiac involvement mayrange greatly from silent illness to severe myocarditis resulting in death. Clinical features areasymptomatic and most are transient among patients with DF/DHF. Material and methods: It wasan observational study conducted at the Department of General Medicine, Peoples College of MedicalSciences and Research Centre, Bhopal. The total duration of the study was One and a half yearsfrom Dec 2018 to May 2020. All dengue patients presenting to People’s Hospital during one and halfyears from which data was collected using as per given proforma. Results: In the present studygroup of 58 patients, it was found that 49 patients (84.5%) have not shown any cardiacabnormalities and 9 patients have abnormal values (15.5%) but are not significant. It is also foundthat the incidence of cardiac manifestations was more common in DHF and dengue shock syndromewhich was 15.5% and 3.4%, respectively. Conclusion: Clinical manifestations of cardiacinvolvement can vary widely from silent disease to severe myocarditis resulting in death. Rhythmabnormalities, hypotension, arrhythmias, myocarditis, myocardial depression with symptoms ofheart failure and shock, and pericarditis have been reported. Involvement of multiple organs, as wellas the presence of metabolic derangement, can further confuse the picture.
Impacts on dietary habits and health of Indian population during COVID-19 lockdown
Authors:   Research Scientist, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China PR, Kumar Ramasamy Rajesh , Dhanaraj Saravanakumari Arumugham ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Government Villupuram Medical College, Villupuram Tamilnadu, India, Saini Rashmi ,   UG Student, Department of Home Science, Lady Irwin College, Delhi University, New Delhi, India, Kumari Punita ,   Research Scholar, School of Material Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China PR, Roy Priyanka ,   Research Scholar, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonepat, Haryana, India, Paul Sayan ,   Research Scholar, Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu- 627012, India
Published: December 2020

In late 2019 the outbreak of a novel infectious coronavirus (SARS CoV2) which became globalpandemic and named as Coronavirus disease (CoViD-19) World Health Organization (WHO). On 22March, 2020 the Prime Minister of India announced and 14 hours’ public curfew and from 24 March,2020 announced sudden complete lockdown. The sudden complete lockdown made changes in theliving habits and social behaviors of public. Web based survey was conducted among the Indianpopulation of different age groups to understand the impacts on dietary habits and health during thesudden complete lockdown in India.
Framing ICT in Early Childhood: A Content Analysis
Authors: GÜÇHAN ÖZGÜL Sinem , MISIRLI Zeynel Abidin
Published: December 2020

With the rapid growth of technology and its dissemination through all areas of social life and education, the use of technology has become one of the most studied subjects by researchers around the world. Moreover, Turkish literature focuses more than ever on technology-related subjects and their social and educational dimensions. This study aims to review the dissertations about early childhood and ICT conducted between the years 2015 and 2020. TCHE's archive, relevant to the purpose of the study, was carefully analysed in the early childhood and in ICT topics and 73 dissertations were identified. Finally, 43 theses relevant to technological issues in early childhood have been determined to be the research sample because they fulfil the criteria. The coding of the two authors was evaluated and compared. For reliability, the Kappa value is 0.88, which explains almost perfect consistency. All features and findings are summarized and presented in this current study. This research has thrown up many suggestions and questions in need of further research.
Structural and Photoluminescence Analysis on the Implantation of Carbon and Proton for the Creation of Damage-Assisted Emission in Silicon
Authors: Abdul Razak Nurul Ellena , Madhuku Morgan , Ahmad Ishaq , Majlis Burhanuddin Yeop , Chang Fu Dee , Berhanuddin Dilla Duryha
Published: December 2020

We study the induced defects in the depth profiling of the silicon structure after being implanted with carbon and followed by high energy proton irradiation. It has been reported before that the formation of the optically active point-defect, specifically the G-centre is due to the implantation and irradiation of carbon and proton, respectively. It is crucial to quantify the diffusional broadening of the implanted ion profile especially for proton irradiation process so that the radiation damage evolution can be maximized at the point-defect formation region. Profiling analysis was carried out using computational Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter (SRIM) and Surrey University Sputter Profile Resolution from Energy Deposition (SUSPRE) simulation. The energies of carbon ions adopted for this investigation are 10, 20, 30, and 50 keV, while proton irradiation energy was kept at 2 MeV. Photoluminescence measurements on silicon implanted with carbon at different energies were carried out to study the interrelation between the numbers of vacancies produced during the damage event and the peak emission intensities.
Hubungan antara Cahaya Matahari dengan Penggunaan Sel Suria Generasi Ke-3 Menurut Al-Quran
Authors: Jalil Muhammad Hilmi , Mohd Nasir Siti Nur Farhana , Ismail Mohammad Ikhwan , Haji Othman Mohd Yusof , Mat Teridi Mohd Asri
Published: December 2020

Bahan api fosil yang lazim digunakan pada hari ini sebagai sumber tenaga memerlukan kos yang tinggi, mencemarkan alam sekitar dan akan habis pada masa akan datang. Salah satu sumber tenaga pilihan yang dapat menggantikan sumber tenaga fosil adalah tenaga yang dihasilkan oleh matahari. Justeru makalah ini membincangkan ilmu al-Qur’an yang berkaitan dengan tabii matahari, khususnya tentang sumber tenaga yang terhasil daripada kewujudan matahari. Makalah ini juga membincangkan integrasi antara ilmu al-Qur’an dengan sains dalam konteks penggunaan tenaga matahari. Perbincangan ini dikaitkan dengan penggunaan sel suria generasi ke-3 iaitu sel suria terpeka pewarna, sel suria organik dan sel suria perovskit. Kajian ini mendapati al-Quran menganjur manusia melakukan kajian tentang matahari, supaya manusia beroleh manfaat daripada matahari, dan dalam masa yang sama mengelak daripada mendapat kesan negatif daripada matahari. Antara manfaat matahari yang dinyatakan dalam al-Quran adalah penghasilan sumber tenaga yang boleh diperbaharui. Kegagalan manusia memahami tabii matahari dengan baik akan menyebabkan manusia ketinggalan dan gagal memanfaatkan nikmat Allah yang menciptakan matahari secara komprehensif.
Effect of Coating Element on Joining Stability of Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu Solder Joint due to Aging Test
Authors: Mohd Afdzaluddin Atiqah , Abu Bakar Maria
Published: December 2020

Solder joint is important for providing mechanical support and functionality of electronic packaging. Established solder joint should be able to withstand in device service operation and the environment without significant changes in terms of their microstructural evolution and mechanical properties. This study investigates the effect of the coating element (Sn and Ni) on the joining stability of Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu solder joint. The solder joints were exposed to different aging test for 1000 h to observed microstructure and micromechanical properties changes. Microstructural observation by means of intermetallic compound layer thickness due to the aging temperature effect. Joining stability by means of micromechanical changes were studied using nanoindentation approach. It was found that the elastic behavior, reduced modulus, and hardness of Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu solder joint has reduced due to aging test. However, the plastic behavior of Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu solder joint has increased with the increase of the aging temperature. It is observed that the Ni coating has a significant effect and a more stable solder joint achieved. This can be evidenced from small changes in intermetallic compound layer thickness and micromechanical properties were achieved using Ni coating as compared to Sn coating after subjected to the aging test for 1000 h.
Seed-Mediated Synthesis and Photoelectric Properties of Selenium Doped Zinc Oxide Nanorods
Authors: Rini Ari Sulistyo , Rati Yolanda , Agustin Miranti , Hamzah Yanuar , Umar Akrajas Ali
Published: December 2020

Pristine ZnO and selenium doped ZnO (Se-ZnO) nanorods were successfully synthesized using seed-mediated hydrothermal method. The growth solution of both pure and Se-doped ZnO nanorods employed zinc nitrate hexahydrate (ZNH) and hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) as a precursor and surfactant, respectively. As a dopant source, selenium salt solution was obtained by reacting selenium powder with sodium borohydride at low temperature. The as-prepared pure ZnO and Se-doped ZnO nanorods were characterized using field effect scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. FESEM images show that the geometric shape of Se-ZnO nanoparticles is nanorods with a hexagonal cross-section. The XRD pattern shows the diffraction peak of the sample at the angles of 2θ: 34.44°, 36.25° and 47.54° which represents the hkl plane of (002), (101) and (102), respectively. The crystalline size calculated from XRD data is found to be in the range of 35-42 nm. The UV-Vis spectrum shows that Se-ZnO nanorods strong absorption peaks appeared in the range of 300-380 nm for all samples. Se doping has slightly altered the band gap energy of pure ZnO nanorods around 0.01 eV. The peak of the photoluminescence spectra of the sample at 470 nm indicates the blue emission band.
Effect of Bismuth Additions on Wettability, Intermetallic Compound, and Microhardness Properties of Sn-0.7Cu on Different Surface Finish Substrates
Authors: Ramli Mohd Izrul Izwan , Mohd Salleh Mohd Arif Anuar , Muhd Amli Siti Farahnabilah , Abdul Razak Nurul Razliana
Published: December 2020

The influence of bismuth (Bi) addition on wettability, thickness of interfacial intermetallic compound (IMC), and microhardness properties of Sn-0.7Cu + xBi solder alloy using different types of substrate were examined. The 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 wt. % Bi was added into Sn-0.7Cu and fabricated using the casting process. The result shows that the influence of 1.5 wt. % Bi in the Sn-0.7Cu solder soldered on copper organic solderability preservative (Cu-OSP) and immersion tin (Im-Sn) surface finish has improved the wettability and microhardness. Subsequently, the IMC thickness of Sn-0.7Cu+1.5Bi solder alloy on Im-Sn surface finish gives a better result than reflowed on Cu-OSP. Generally, with the addition of 1.5 wt. % Bi in Sn-0.7Cu solder alloy reflowed on the Im-Sn surface finish had enhanced the performance in terms of wettability, thickness of IMC and microhardness properties compared to on Cu-OSP surface finish.
ASSESSMENT OF MODERN FEATURES OF THE ORGANIZATION
Authors: Hasanov H. S.
Published: December 2020

In modern conditions, there is a need to rethink the behavior and parameters of the organization. A business organization operating in uncertain and unpredictable conditions must be flexible in responding to new challenges. This is achieved through new ways to achieve market advantages such as strategic alliances, mergers and acquisitions, franchise and licensing agreements, etc. This article is devoted to the study of these possibilities.
DIGITAL CONTRIBUTION TO ECONOMIC GROWTH
Authors: Shiplyuk V. S.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of the influence of digital technologies on the transformation of production processes, in order to overcome the slowdown of economic growth and increase productivity. The analysis of dynamics of labor productivity and sources of its growth has been carried out; the conclusion has been made that in the next decade the increase of both labor productivity and economic growth will be provided due to the introduction of digital technologies. The types of digital technologies, which influence different spheres of society life and form the digital economy, are considered. Two approaches to understanding the category of "digital economy" have been identified, its content has been considered and its place in the model of the world economy has been defined. The analysis of indicators characterizing the contribution of digital technologies to economic growth is conducted. It is established that introduction of digital technologies leads to increase of labour productivity, competitiveness and capitalization, improvement of quality of life, formation of new markets, increase of safety and in the end provides economic growth.
Operational Model and Tools for Studying Subjective Well-Being of Orphans and Children Without Parental Care
Authors: Oslon V.N. , Semya G.V. , Prokopyeva L.M. , Kolesnikova U.V.
Published: December 2020

The article presents the rationale for the theoretical construct ‘subjective well-being of orphans’, its operational model, as well as the reliability and validity of a specially designed standardized interview (SI) for measuring and assessing both the general level of subjective well-being and its specific areas (SWB).The subjective well-being of a child is viewed from the position of his/her satisfaction with the ‘system of own attitudes’ to himself, to others, to the environment, to his/her ‘chronotope’.The operational assessment model built on its basis included 10 domains that built the basis of SI. The tool was tested on a sample of 498 orphanage residents aged 13 to 17 years. Its reliability, internal consistency, correctness and validity have been proven: meaningful, constructive (Cronbach’s coefficient “α” α k = 0.741); convergent (at the level of high statistical significance, SI indicators correlate with the method of M. Rosenberg, as well as with the results of the “Vi ability” test (Osin E.N., Rasskazova E.I., screening version); criterial (correlation analysis revealed the stable relationships between indicators of subjective well-being and institutional experience (r = 0.017, p = 0.702).
Background for Cognitive Difficulties in Primary School Students
Authors: Kantorova E.V. , Gorbachevskaya N.L.
Published: December 2020

The article presents results of an empirical study on the key factors of difficulties in the formation of basic educational competencies in primary school children. The sample of the study involved 154 schoolchildren of a comprehensive school who were studied longitudinally for 5 years at different age stages: at preschool age, at the beginning of the first grade and at the end of the fourth grade. In fourth-grade schoolchildren, aged 10 to 11, we studied the ability to understand text while reading, the ability to solve mathematical problems, establish patterns in a number series, and also to perform tasks by analogy. The study used 12 methods of psychological and neuropsychological diagnostics which contained criteria for identifying procedural learning difficulties, characteristics of memorization and attention, hand-eye coordination of each student. A comparative analysis of the research results revealed the preconditions of difficulties in applying learning competencies in fourth-grade students. A set of psychological and neuropsychological indicators was identified, which enabled us to differentiate between the factors contributing to mathematical, linguistic and complex difficulties in the formation of learning competencies. These factors included problems in intellectual and cognitive sphere and procedural difficulties revealed in preschool and primary school children. The most significant precondition for all types of learning difficulties was the insufficient development of independent working skills at the beginning of schooling. The research results can be used to organize timely psychological and pedagogical assistance to students to prevent the occurrence of learning difficulties.
Relationship Between Retrospective Estimations of School Climate and Readiness for Aggression in Young People
Authors: Rean A.A. , Shagalov I.L. , Konovalov I.A.
Published: December 2020

The article focuses on the relationship between aggression and retrospective estimations of school climate in young people. It reviews the main publications on the topic of aggression/school climate relationship (especially in the aspect concerning school rules).We analyse the correlation between school climate components and aggressiveness in young people basing on a survey of Russian university students. In particular, we assesses the mediating effect of fair and clear school rules on the relations between students, interaction between students and teachers, teacher relations and the impact of these relations on aggressiveness. The analysis shows that school rules are significantly related to school relationships and aggressiveness of young people. Also, it was revealed that respectful contacts between teachers and students and between students themselves play an important role. At the same time, positive/troubled relationships in school are significantly correlated with aggressiveness in the future. The outcomes of the study are addressed in the context of a discussion about the criteria of effectiveness of educational work in schools.
METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS EM CIÊNCIAS CONTÁBEIS: UMA ANÁLISE SOBRE O ESTADO DA ARTE
Authors: Lima Samuel Lyncon Leandro de , Bergamim Érica Gambarotto Jardim , Lima Sara Talitiane Viana Machado Leandro de
Published: December 2020

O objetivo do artigo foi analisar o estado da arte das discussões sobre metodologias ativas nos cursos de ciências contábeis, das Instituições de Ensino Superior no Brasil. Destaca-se, que as discussões sobre a utilização das metodologias ativas no processo de ensino e aprendizagem é um assunto em evidência. Cabe ressaltar que, quando aliada às Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação, um tema consolidado na sociedade, as metodologias ativas podem contribuir no desenvolvimento de relevantes competências para os acadêmicos. Nesse sentido, foram levantados junto à base de dados da CAPES os estudos que discutiram sobre a temática em questão. Os resultados evidenciaram que há significativas questões a serem investigadas sobre a aplicação das metodologias ativas nos cursos de graduação em ciências contábeis. Entretanto, com o avanço da disponibilidade de programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu em contabilidade, principalmente em nível de doutorado, com ênfase na linha de pesquisa específica em educação e pesquisa contábil, espera-se que novos estudos possam ser desenvolvidos.
FORMAÇÃO DOS PROFESSORES: FALHAS E POSSIBILIDADES
Authors: Prates Bernardo Petry , Valente Isabela de Lourdes , Brentano Caroline Trindade , Queiroz Rosemar de , Alves Matheus Afonso de Lima , Dillenburg Andreia Inês
Published: December 2020

A formação da identidade docente é a percepção da relação entre as práticas que o indivíduo estabelece, das ações de planejamento e das reações do ambiente envolvido. Desta forma, o objetivo foi apresentar apontamentos de falhas na formação dos professores através de uma metodologia descritiva e de relatos de experiência de 15 alunos do Programa Especial de Graduação de Formação de Professores para Educação Profissional (PEG) da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), analisando qualitativamente suas experiências durante a realização do curso. Mediante a uma mesa redonda com trocas de informações, relatos de experiência e pesquisa sobre o tema, relacionados aos conhecimentos de alguns autores, tem-se a preocupação com a formação docente, o que compete às instituições formadoras repensar em suas práticas, romper com o modelo de educação tradicional, proporcionando ao futuro professor o desenvolvimento de uma identidade docente, levando-o à competência de reflexão. Isto inclui como fator importante para a formação docente, tratando-se de práticas iniciais, o quão envolvido o aluno está neste processo de automodificação, internalização das experiências e a administração das expectativas. A participação no programa é de extrema importância principalmente para acadêmicos que possuem formação em bacharelado e pretendem trabalhar com educação, recebendo capacitação na área da licenciatura.
Gamma Ray Shielding Characteristics of Borosilicate Glass Containing ZnO from 0.015 to 10 MeV
Authors: KURTULUŞ Recep , KAVAS Taner
Published: December 2020

In this study, the glass system of xSiO2-20B2O3-10Na2O-4MgO-8CaO-3Al2O3-(55-x)ZnO where x= 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 wt.% were investigated via the WinXCom program. Radiation shielding characteristics of linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), half-value layer (HVL) and mean free path (MFP) parameters of 6 different glass systems were calculated in the energy range of 0.015-10 MeV. Further, a comparison for HVL values between heavy-weight concrete materials & commercial glasses and our findings was carried out. Furthermore, some important glass property calculations and viscosity-temperature curves were calculated with BatchMaker software. According to the WinXCom calculations, it was found out that LAC and MAC values increased while HVL and MFP values decreased with increasing ZnO content. Particularly, 25 wt.% of ZnO (sample-5) addition ensured to obtain by far the best radiation shielding characteristics at higher photon energies. As a result of the comparison, it was strikingly seen that our glass samples have promising results when compared with heavyweight concrete materials and commercial products. Interestingly, sample-5 can compete even with RS323 G18 (33 wt% PbO content) in higher photon energies despite its low-density value. Moreover, it was determined that our glass systems were found to have glass formation ability with satisfactory glass properties according to BatchMaker estimate calculations.
Characterization of Gallium Oxide/glass thin films grown by RF magnetron sputtering
Authors: MOBTAKERİ Soheil , SENADİM TUZEMEN Ebru , ÖZER Ali , GÜR Emre
Published: December 2020

In the present work, Gallium Oxide (Ga2O3) were deposited as thin films by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering at 300 °C substrate temperature on glass substrate using Ga2O3 target with 99.99% purity. The crystalline structure, morphology, optical properties of the Gallium Oxide films were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV–Visible Spectrometry, respectively. Experimental results show that annealing has an important role in the changes observed in the characterization of the Gallium Oxide thin films. All thin films produced were amorphous, except for the annealed P4-500. SEM pictures reveal the morphology of prepared Gallium Oxide thin films. The refractive index and real part of complex dielectric constant increased as the film deposition pressure increased.
Analisis Struktur dan Nilai Tambah Pada Rantai Pasok Beras di Kabupaten Aceh Timur
Authors: Munandar Muammar Aris , Irfan Irfan , Jaya Rachman
Published: December 2020

The development of the agricultural sector is faced with the challenges in increasing of production and farmers' welfare. In addition to technical problems, the factor of supply chain must be considered properly because it is related to other social problems. This study discussed the structure of the rice supply chain in East Aceh District. The added value wich was gained by rice refineries in processing of paddy into rice was also examined by using Hayami method. The results showed that the rice supply chain in East Aceh involved several parties, namely farmers, collecto rs, rice refineries, large traders (districts), and retailers in and outside of East Aceh District as well as  consumers as the last link. The added value generated from the processing of paddy into rice , bran and groats as a whole was able to provide a positive added value for rice refineries in East Aceh. The value of rice processing output was Rp. 6,304.5/kg. From the results of this output value, the rice refineries can produce an added value of Rp. 829 kg with a ratio of 13.14% in one processing period.
Karakteristik Pengeringan Gula Semut Menggunakan Alat Pengering Silinder Tipe Rak
Authors: Kurniawan Hary , Septiyana Kiki Rizqia , Adnand Muhammad , Adriansyah Imam , Nurkayanti Hasmi
Published: December 2020

Abstrak. Gula semut merupakah salah satu penganekaragaman produk gula palma yang berbentuk butiran atau kristal yang bahan bakunya dapat berasal dari dari nira kelapa, nira aren atau nira siwalan. Salah satu tahapan penting dalam pembuatan gula semut yaitu pengeringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakeristik pengeringan gula semut menggunakan alat pengering tipe rak yang berbentuk silinder. Alat pengering yang digunakan menggunakan gas LPG sebagai sumber panas. Parameter yang diamati meliputi suhu lingkungan dan suhu bahan di rak atas, tengah dan bawah, suhu udara yang masuk ke ruang pengering (inlet) dan suhu yang meninggalkan ruang pengering (cerobong). Perubahan kadar air gula semut juga diukur setiap waktu. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa suhu udara pengering dan suhu bahan baik di rak atas, tengah dan bawah berbeda signifikan. Sementara itu perubahan kadar air di setiap rak juga menunjukkan hal yang sama yaitu ada perbedaan nyata perubahan kadar air pada rak. Konstanta laju pengeringan sebesar 0,0119 - 0.0212 menit-1. Berdasarkan nilai R2 yang 0,5 menunjukkan bahwa kadar air yang diprediksi mampu menggambarkan kondisi yang mendekati perubahan kadar air yang sesungguhnya selama pengeringan.Characteristics of Drying Gula Semut Using Cylinder Abstract. Gula semut is one of the diversified products of palm sugar in the form of granules or powders made from palm sap, coconut sap, or siwalan sap. Drying is one of the important processes in making gula semut. The purpose of this study was to study the characteristics of drying gula semut using a cylinder geometry of the cabinet dryer. The dryer used LPG gas as a heat source. The parameters observed are the ambient temperature and the temperature of the sample in the top, middle and bottom racks, the temperature of inlet, and chimney. Changes in the moisture content of gula semut are also measured every time. The results showed that the ambient temperature of the drying chamber and the temperature of samples both on the top, middle, and bottom shelves differ significantly. There was a real difference in changes in the water content in the rack. The drying rate constants are 0.0119 to 0.0212 minutes-1. Based on the R2 value 0.5, it showed that the predicted moisture content was able to describe conditions that are close to changes in the actual moisture content during drying.