bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Automatic Classification Method for Involuntary and Two Types of Voluntary Blinks
Authors: SATO HIRONOBU , ABE KIYOHIKO , OHI SHOICHI , OHYAMA MINORU
Published: September 2017

Input systems using eye blinks have been proposed. A main purpose of these systems is communication aid for the severely disabled. For employing eye blinks as a command input, these input systems need to detect voluntary (conscious) blinks. We developed a measurement method for variation in pixels of open‐eye area from an image sequence. This measurement method enables us to extract blinking waver patterns. We previously proposed an automatic classification method between one type of voluntary blinks and involuntary (unconscious) blinks. If the type of classifiable voluntary blinks increase, we can assign an individual command to each type. Applying this blink type classification to a human–computer interface will improve the efficiency when inputting commands. In this paper, we introduce a new type of voluntary blinks to increase classifiable blink type. In addition, our classification method is extended for automatic classification between two types of voluntary blinks and involuntary blinks. This new classification method is realized by two blink type determinations based on wave pattern parameters that we employ. We clarify proper parameter combinations for the new classification method. Using these proper parameter combinations, we achieved approximately 95% classification rates for 10 subjects.
Performance Verification of Underwater Crawling Swimming Robot with Attitude Changing Function
Authors: MORI HAYATO , KIKUCHI TOSHIKAZU
Published: September 2017

In this paper, we describe an underwater robot with three movement functions: (1) swimming, (2) crawling on a floor, and (3) climbing on a wall. These functions help the robot avoid obstacles and thus improve its ability to access narrow spaces. The swimming stability of the robot is also improved by increasing the distance between the center of gravity and the center of buoyancy. We propose a simple attitude control technique for making the robot adhere to a wall after it is rotated by thrusters. Attitude control is realized by sequence control, and appropriate control parameters are determined by considering the control disturbance and stability of the robot. We confirm experimentally that the robot swims stably and adhere to a vertical wall by virtue of the simple sequence control.
Integration of Incinerator Plants and Utilization of Forest Biomass on the Basis of FIT
Authors: SUGAHARA HIDEO , KAMATA NAOKI , TODA YUSUKE , KATO MASAKAZU , AIHARA KAZUYUKI
Published: September 2017

Feed‐in tariff (FIT) has been enforced in order to promote the utilization of renewable energy since 2012 in Japan. In consideration of FIT, we propose an integration plan for incinerator plants (IPs) with highly efficient power generation for the whole area of a prefecture. The plan includes disposal of forest biomass using the reserve capacity of IPs. The model prefecture's population is set to 1,200,000 and the proportion of the forested area is set to 70% of the model area based on data for northeastern Japan. The present 16 IPs are integrated into three new IPs. A relay transportation (RT) facility for waste is located at a decommissioned IP, and the waste from the area is transported to the new IP. In order to calculate the RT costs, an approximation formula for the RT distance is estimated via the IPs integration study. The plan will realize about 37% cost reduction and 1.8‐fold CO2 reduction including RT as compared to the plan to update the current IP situation. Forest biomass of 56,500 tons per year, which is about 43% of available forest biomass volume in the model prefecture, can be disposed of at new IPs. On the other hand, enough profit is not expected from the dedicated biomass power generation plant as a result of wood chip processing fees. The plan will help to develop local forestry.
The Circuit Analysis and Performance Evaluation of an Hc Type Magnetic Coupling Contactless Power Transformer that is Compatible with Both Solenoid and Circular Type Transformers
Authors: YAMADA JUN , SHIMIZU RYOTARO , KOBAYASHI RYOTA , KANEKO YASUYOSHI
Published: September 2017

There are two types of the transformers in a contactless power transfer system: solenoid type (H‐shaped) and circular type transformers. These two types of transformers are not compatible because their magnetic field structures are different. An Hc type transformer that is compatible with both transformer types has been proposed. The Hc type receiver adds a central magnetic pole by dividing the winding coil of the H‐shaped receiver. The Hc type receiver can change the magnetic field structure by changing the connections of the divided windings and can receive power from both types of transmitters. In this study, we conducted a circuit analysis and evaluated the performance of the Hc type transformer.
Copper‐Catalyzed Sulfonylation of Alkenes and Amines by Using Thiosulfonates as a Sulfonylating Agent
Authors: Shyam Pranab K. , Son Soobin , Jang Hye‐Young
Published: September 2017

Synthetically and pharmaceutically useful vinyl sulfones and sulfonamides are synthesized by the direct coupling of thiosulfonates with alkenes and amines, respectively. Copper catalysts help to generate the sulfonyl group from thiosulfonates and to form the C(sp2)–S/N–S bonds of the organosulfur compounds. This paper discusses the scope of these reactions of aromatic and aliphatic thiosulfonates with alkenes and amines.
Preoperative ultraviolet B inflammation in skin: Modelling individual differences in acute postoperative pain and neuro‐immune interactions
Authors: Lunn T.H. , Dawes J.M. , Denk F. , Bennett D.L. , Husted H. , Kehlet H. , McMahon S.B.
Published: September 2017

Background

Neuroimmune interactions play a vital role in many of the most common pain conditions, such as arthritis. There have been many attempts to derive clinically predictive information from an individual's inflammatory response in order to gauge subsequent pain perception.

Objectives

Here, we wanted to test whether this effort could be enhanced and complemented by the use of a model system which takes into account the function of not just circulating, but also tissue‐resident immune cells: ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation of the skin.

Methods

We conducted psychophysical and transcriptional analysis of hyperalgesia arising as a result of UVB‐induced inflammation in patients before total knee arthroplasty (TKA, n = 23). Levels of acute postoperative pain were assessed and correlated with preoperative data.

Results

Cytokine and chemokine responses after UVB irradiation were found to be inversely correlated with the level of pain experienced after surgery (Spearman's ρ = −0.498).

Conclusion

It may be possible to use this simple model to study and predict the nature of neuro‐immune responses at more remote, clinically relevant sites.

Significance

A simple model of UVB inflammation in the skin might predict the degree of a patient's neuro‐immune response and the extent of their postoperative pain after total knee arthroplasty.
Preparation, Thermophysical Studies, and Corrosion Analysis of a Stable Capric Acid/Cetyl Alcohol Binary Eutectic Phase Change Material for Cold Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Veerakumar Chinnasamy , Sreekumar Appukuttan
Published: September 2017

This study focuses on the preparation, thermophysical properties, and corrosion analysis of a stable capric acid/cetyl alcohol eutectic phase‐change material (PCM) for application in the thermal comfort of buildings. Differential scanning calorimetry is used to investigate the thermal properties of the prepared eutectic PCM, and the results show that the eutectic composition of 70 % capric acid and 30 % cetyl alcohol was suitable for low‐temperature thermal energy storage as it had melting and freezing temperatures of 22.89 and 11.97 °C, respectively. The latent heats of melting and freezing of the eutectic PCM are 144.92 and 145.85 J g−1, respectively. The changes in the melting point and latent heat of the eutectic mixtures over continuous charging/discharging cycles are presented. The accelerated thermal cycling test and FTIR spectra show that the prepared eutectic PCM has a good thermal stability over 1000 thermal cycles. Moreover, corrosion compatibility tests for Cu, Al, and stainless steel 316 samples with the prepared eutectic PCM are discussed, and recommendations for the use of the PCM in the operational environment are presented.
A study on the potential of using plant proteins as electrolytes in a biochemical cell
Authors: Venkatesha B. , Guna Vijaykumar , Bhuvaneswari H.B. , Reddy Narendra
Published: September 2017

We demonstrate that proteins extracted from nonedible oil meals can be used as inexpensive, renewable, and biodegradable electrolytes in biochemical cells. Electrolytes are the critical components of cells and generally made using metals, ionic, or salt solutions. These electrolytes are either expensive, harmful to the environment when disposed and/or provide poor performance. Proteins behave as anionic or cationic charge carriers depending on the environment there are in. Recent increase in the production of biodiesel from oil seeds has led to the abundant availability of protein containing oil meals. These oil meals inherently and inevitably contain the proteins and are available in large quantities at low cost. In this report, we have extracted proteins from three different oil meals. Proteins obtained were used as electrolytes with different electrodes and operating conditions. A voltage of up to 300 mV was generated using copper electrodes as both anode and cathode. Protein concentration of 10% was found to be optimum and increasing time substantially reduces the voltage for all the electrodes. Although higher voltage could be generated when dissimilar electrodes were used, the contribution from the proteins to the charge generated was minimal. Maximum current generated was about 9 mA when a 10 ohm resistor was connected as load. Utilizing proteins from nonedible oil meals will provide inexpensive and environmentally friendly electrolytes for biochemical cells. This is the first time that proteins have been used as electrolytes for biochemical cells. More importantly, we have used the byproduct generated during production of biodiesel as source for the proteins. This makes the proteins inexpensive, biodegradable and widely available. At the same time, high value addition is possible to the byproduct which will lead to lowering the cost of the biodiesel. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 961–967, 2018
Human neutrophils show decreased survival upon long‐term exposure to clozapine
Authors: Goto Aya , Yoshimi Akira , Nagai Tomoko , Ukigai Mako , Mouri Akihiro , Ozaki Norio , Noda Yukihiro
Published: September 2017

Objective

Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic prescribed for treatment‐resistant schizophrenic patients, but treatment with clozapine is strictly limited because it can induce lethal‐hematologic side effects. We investigated the effects of short‐ and long‐term exposure of human neutrophils derived from healthy subjects to clozapine and compared them with the effects of reactive metabolite of clozapine, olanzapine, and doxorubicin.

Methods

Neutrophils were exposed to clozapine and olanzapine (1, 10, 50, or 100 μM), reactive metabolite of clozapine (50 or 100 μM), or doxorubicin (0.2 μM) and cultured for a short (2 hr) or long (24 or 48 hr) duration, and then the survival rate of neutrophils was calculated.

Results

Decreased human neutrophil survival was observed in short‐term exposure to clozapine (100 μM) and long‐term exposure to clozapine even at a lower concentration (50 μM). A similar phenomenon was observed in reactive metabolite of clozapine and long‐term exposure to doxorubicin (0.2 μM), but not to olanzapine (1–100 μM).

Conclusions

The effect of long‐term exposure to clozapine on neutrophil survival is plausibly associated with delayed onset of agranulocytosis after initial exposure. Our results suggest that human neutrophils are vulnerable to clozapine and its reactive metabolite in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner.
Red and processed meat intake and cancer risk: Results from the prospective NutriNet‐Santé cohort study
Authors: Diallo Abou , Deschasaux Mélanie , Latino‐Martel Paule , Hercberg Serge , Galan Pilar , Fassier Philippine , Allès Benjamin , Guéraud Françoise , Pierre Fabrice H. , Touvier Mathilde
Published: September 2017

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (WHO‐IARC) classified red meat and processed meat as probably carcinogenic and carcinogenic for humans, respectively. These conclusions were mainly based on studies concerning colorectal cancer, but scientific evidence is still limited for other cancer locations. In this study, we investigated the prospective associations between red and processed meat intakes and overall, breast, and prostate cancer risk. This prospective study included 61,476 men and women of the French NutriNet‐Santé cohort (2009–2015) aged ≥35 y and who completed at least three 24 hrs dietary records during the first year of follow‐up. The risk of developing cancer was compared across sex‐specific quintiles of red and processed meat intakes by multivariable Cox models. 1,609 first primary incident cancer cases were diagnosed during follow‐up, among which 544 breast cancers and 222 prostate cancers. Red meat intake was associated with increased risk of overall cancers [HRQ5vs.Q1=1.31 (1.10–1.55), ptrend = 0.01) and breast cancer (HRQ5vs.Q1 = 1.83 (1.33–2.51), ptrend = 0.002]. The latter association was observed in both premenopausal [HRQ5vs.Q1=2.04 (1.03–4.06)] and postmenopausal women [HRQ5vs.Q1=1.79 (1.26‐2.55)]. No association was observed between red meat intake and prostate cancer risk. Processed meat intake was relatively low in this study (cut‐offs for the 5th quintile = 46 g/d in men and 29 g/d in women) and was not associated with overall, breast or prostate cancer risk. This large cohort study suggested that red meat may be involved carcinogenesis at several cancer locations (other than colon‐rectum), in particular breast cancer. These results are consistent with mechanistic evidence from experimental studies.
Do pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis share the same genetic risk factors? A PANcreatic Disease ReseArch (PANDoRA) consortium investigation
Authors: Campa Daniele , Pastore Manuela , Capurso Gabriele , Hackert Thilo , Di Leo Milena , Izbicki Jakob R. , Khaw Kay‐Tee , Gioffreda Domenica , Kupcinskas Juozas , Pasquali Claudio , Macinga Peter , Kaaks Rudolf , Stigliano Serena , Peeters Petra H. , Key Timothy J. , Talar‐Wojnarowska Renata , Vodicka Pavel , Valente Roberto , Vashist Yogesh K. , Salvia Roberto , Papaconstantinou Ioannis , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Valsuani Chiara , Zambon Carlo Federico , Gazouli Maria , Valantiene Irena , Niesen Willem , Mohelnikova‐Duchonova Beatrice , Hara Kazuo , Soucek Pavel , Malecka‐Panas Ewa , Bueno‐de‐Mesquita H. B(as) , Johnson Theron , Brenner Herman , Tavano Francesca , Fogar Paola , Ito Hidemi , Sperti Cosimo , Butterbach Katja , Latiano Anna , Andriulli Angelo , Cavestro Giulia Martina , Busch Olivier R.C. , Dijk Frederike , Greenhalf William , Matsuo Keitaro , Lombardo Carlo , Strobel Oliver , König Anna‐Katharina , Cuk Katarina , Strothmann Hendrik , Katzke Verena , Cantore Maurizio , Mambrini Andrea , Oliverius Martin , Pezzilli Raffaele , Landi Stefano , Canzian Federico
Published: September 2017

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a very aggressive tumor with a five‐year survival of less than 6%. Chronic pancreatitis (CP), an inflammatory process in of the pancreas, is a strong risk factor for PDAC. Several genetic polymorphisms have been discovered as susceptibility loci for both CP and PDAC. Since CP and PDAC share a consistent number of epidemiologic risk factors, the aim of this study was to investigate whether specific CP risk loci also contribute to PDAC susceptibility. We selected five common SNPs (rs11988997, rs379742, rs10273639, rs2995271 and rs12688220) that were identified as susceptibility markers for CP and analyzed them in 2,914 PDAC cases, 356 CP cases and 5,596 controls retrospectively collected in the context of the international PANDoRA consortium. We found a weak association between the minor allele of the PRSS1‐PRSS2‐rs10273639 and an increased risk of developing PDAC (ORhomozygous = 1.19, 95% CI 1.02–1.38, p = 0.023). Additionally all the SNPs confirmed statistically significant associations with risk of developing CP, the strongest being PRSS1‐PRSS2‐rs10273639 (ORheterozygous = 0.51, 95% CI 0.39–0.67, p = 1.10 × 10−6) and MORC4‐rs 12837024 (ORhomozygous = 2.07 (1.55–2.77, ptrend = 0.7 × 10−11). Taken together, the results from our study do not support variants rs11988997, rs379742, rs10273639, rs2995271 and rs12688220 as strong predictors of PDAC risk, but further support the role of these SNPs in CP susceptibility. Our study suggests that CP and PDAC probably do not share genetic susceptibility, at least in terms of high frequency variants.
Impaired Phosphate Tolerance Revealed With an Acute Oral Challenge
Authors: Turner Mandy E , White Christine A , Hopman Wilma M , Ward Emilie C , Jeronimo Paul S , Adams Michael A , Holden Rachel M
Published: September 2017

Elevated serum phosphate is consistently linked with cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and mortality in the setting of normal and impaired kidney function. However, serum phosphate does not often exceed the upper limit of normal until glomerular filtration rate (GFR) falls below 30 mL/min/m2. It was hypothesized that the response to an oral, bioavailable phosphate load will unmask impaired phosphate tolerance, a maladaptation not revealed by baseline serum phosphate concentrations. In this study, rats with varying kidney function as well as normo-phosphatemic human subjects, with inulin-measured GFR (13.2 to 128.3mL/min), received an oral phosphate load. Hormonal and urinary responses were evaluated over 2 hours. Results revealed that the more rapid elevation of serum phosphate was associated with subjects and rats with higher levels of kidney function, greater responsiveness to acute changes in parathyroid hormone (PTH), and significantly more urinary phosphate at 2 hours. In humans, increases in urinary phosphate to creatinine ratio did not correlate with baseline serum phosphate concentrations but did correlate strongly to early increase of serum phosphate. The blunted rise in serum phosphate in rats with CKD was not the result of altered absorption. This result suggests acute tissue deposition may be altered in the setting of kidney function impairment. Early recognition of impaired phosphate tolerance could translate to important interventions, such as dietary phosphate restriction or phosphate binders, being initiated at much higher levels of kidney function than is current practice. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Aspirations, Achievement, and School Counselors' Impact on the College Transition
Authors: Poynton Timothy A. , Lapan Richard T.
Published: September 2017

This longitudinal study explored the extent to which early postsecondary aspirations, standardized test scores, and measures of college and career readiness counseling services received in high school predict later postsecondary aspirations, initial college enrollment, retention, and persistence. Findings indicate that each of the predictors was significantly related to the short‐ or long‐term outcomes used in this study. The authors discussed the importance of high‐quality college and career counseling services in light of these findings.
Adoption Counselors' Perspectives of Counseling Postadoptive Families
Authors: Lancaster Chloe , Ovrebo Elin , Zuckerman Stephanie
Published: September 2017

This study was conducted to explore the mental health needs of families who adopted from the state welfare system. Using consensual qualitative research, the authors examined the perspectives of 8 clinical mental health counselors who provided counseling services to postadoptive families. Findings represented by 5 domains and supported by 15 categories include the counselors' perspective of (a) strength of the current program, (b) families in crisis, (c) parents' construction of their child's problem, (d) programmatic limitations, and (e) systemic limitations.
The Counseling Experiences of Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Clients
Authors: McCullough Rafe , Dispenza Franco , Parker Lindy K. , Viehl Cory J. , Chang Catharina Y. , Murphy Thomas M.
Published: September 2017

The counseling experiences of 13 transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) individuals were examined via semistructured, in‐depth interviews. Using multiple standards of trustworthiness (e.g., member checking, negative case analysis), the authors analyzed each interview from an interpretative phenomenological analytic framework. Four main themes were identified: mental health professional selection process, transaffirmative approach, transnegative approach, and support systems beyond counseling. Implications for implementing culturally responsive TGNC affirmative counseling, TGNC sensitive counselor training, and social justice–oriented research are discussed.
Highlighting the Challenges When Conducting Cross‐National Studies: Use of Transcultural Theory
Authors: West‐Olatunji Cirecie , Yang Mi Jin , Wolfgang Jeff , Henesy Rachel , Yoon Eunhui
Published: September 2017

Insufficient exploration of multicultural social justice competence in research methodology and procedures may contribute to lingering clinical problems for diverse populations. Using transcultural theory to evaluate the effectiveness of cross‐national research, the authors examined the various cross‐national methodological challenges during the research design, analysis, and interpretation stages. Recommendations focus on expanding the Multicultural Social Justice Counseling Competencies (Ratts, Singh, Nassar‐McMillan, Butler, & McCullough, ) to prepare researchers with enhanced skills to explore issues involving diverse populations.
In Defense of Radical Social Constructivism
Authors: Cottone R. Rocco
Published: September 2017

This article is a response to Alex North's () critique of radical social constructivism (RSC). North claimed that RSC was a movement in counseling that would be monumentally problematic in its future application to counseling theory. In this article, the author defends RSC and posits that RSC is closely aligned with the values of counseling. RSC encourages counselors to look at the social understanding of clients' experiences as paramount to the behaviors they exhibit.
Using the WDEP System of Reality Therapy to Support Person‐Centered Treatment Planning
Authors: Wubbolding Robert E. , Casstevens Willa J. , Fulkerson Michael H.
Published: September 2017

Formulating a written treatment plan is now required by most 3rd‐party payers and is standard practice in mental health agencies throughout the United Sates. Treatment plans include the formulation of goals, objectives, and treatment interventions. Congruent with diagnostic categories, the WDEP (wants, doing, evaluation, and planning; Wubbolding, , ) system of reality therapy provides a useful structure for fulfilling these requirements. This structure can be readily integrated into other modalities used by counselors for a person‐centered approach to treatment planning.
Model Informed Dose Optimization of Dichloroacetate for the Treatment of Congenital Lactic Acidosis in Children
Authors: Mangal Naveen , James Margaret O. , Stacpoole Peter W. , Schmidt Stephan
Published: September 2017

Dichloroacetate (DCA) is an investigational drug used to treat congenital lactic acidosis and other mitochondrial disorders. Response to DCA therapy in young children may be suboptimal following body weight–based dosing. This is because of autoinhibition of its metabolism, age‐dependent changes in pharmacokinetics, and polymorphisms in glutathione transferase zeta 1 (GSTZ1), its primary metabolizing enzyme. Our objective was to predict optimal DCA doses for the treatment of congenital lactic acidosis in children. Accordingly, a semimechanistic pharmacokinetic‐enzyme turnover model was developed in a step‐wise approach: (1) a population pharmacokinetic model for adults was developed; (2) the adult model was scaled to children using allometry and physiology‐based scaling; and (3) the scaled model was externally qualified, updated with clinical data, and optimal doses were projected. A 2‐compartment model accounting for saturable clearance and GSTZ1 enzyme turnover successfully characterized the DCA PK in adults and children. DCA‐induced inactivation of GSTZ1 resulted in phenoconversion of all subjects into slow metabolizers after repeated dosing. However, rate and extent of inactivation was 2‐fold higher in subjects without the wild‐type EGT allelic variant of GSTZ1, resulting in further phenoconversion into ultraslow metabolizers after repeated DCA administration. Furthermore, DCA‐induced GSTZ1 inactivation rate and extent was found to be 25‐ to 30‐fold lower in children than in adults, potentially accounting for the observed age‐dependent changes in PK. Finally, a 12.5 and 10.6 mg/kg twice‐daily DCA dose was optimal in achieving the target steady‐state trough concentrations (5–25 mg/L) for EGT carrier and EGT noncarrier children, respectively.
Changes in intermediate water conditions in the northern South China Sea using Globorotalia inflata over the last 20 ka
Authors: Yang Yiping , Xiang Rong , Liu Jianguo , Fu Shaoying , Zhou Liping , Du Shuhuan , Lü Honghong
Published: September 2017

Intermediate circulation is one of the crucial controls of thermohaline changes in seawater. Due to the lack of data for some of the more significant indicators, there has been little research into past intermediate waters in the South China Sea (SCS). In particular, little is known of the thermohaline properties of intermediate water. Here, we present paired Mg/Ca and δ18O data for the planktonic foraminifera Globorotalia inflata from core GHE27L in the northern SCS; these data provide records of temperature and residual δ18Oseawater (δ18Oresidual, being used as a proxy for salinity) to tentatively investigate changes in the intermediate water of the SCS over the last 20 ka. Our results show that G. inflata in the SCS grew principally within the 200–450 m water depth interval. Thermohaline changes recorded by G. inflata indicate warm and relatively freshening water during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 20–17.7 ka BP), changing to warm and saline waters between 17.7 and 13.6 ka BP. In general, waters during the 13.6–8.3 ka BP period were characterized by high temperatures and salinity, with obvious millennial‐scale fluctuations, after which, during the Holocene, they became cold and fresh. We suggest that the temperature and salinity of the intermediate water of the SCS recorded by G. inflata in core GHE27L were possibly associated with a switch in intermediate water masses. During the LGM, the intermediate water in the northern SCS was mainly impacted by North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW), but that subsequently the influence of Antarctic Intermediate Water strengthened during the last deglaciation and Pre‐Boreal period (17.7–8.3 ka BP). After this period, NPIW was the principal control of the intermediate water of the SCS again.
Raman‐based technique for measuring thermal conductivity of graphene and related materials
Authors: Malekpour Hoda , Balandin Alexander A.
Published: September 2017

We describe Raman spectroscopy‐based method of measuring thermal conductivity of thin films and review significant results achieved with this technique pertinent to graphene and other two‐dimensional materials. The optothermal Raman method was instrumental for the discovery of unique heat conduction properties of graphene. In this method, Raman spectroscopy is used to determine the local temperature of the sample, while the excitation laser is utilized as a heat source. The success of Raman spectroscopy in investigating thermal conductivity of suspended graphene and graphene‐based thin films motivated the extension of this technique to other material systems and films. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An easy approach to reveal the metallic nature of graphene by Breit–Wigner–Fano lineshapes using Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Zafar Zainab , Zafar Amina , Tian Yong , Cao Zhimin , Jin Biaobing , Shi Zhixiang
Published: September 2017

Electron–phonon coupling enhancement in metal‐doped single‐layer graphene has been investigated. Different metal adatoms were deposited on chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene and annealed at high temperature under vacuum. The interaction between these metals and graphene was studied by Raman spectroscopy. A significant variation in peak width has been observed as a function of annealing temperature. This broadening of the Raman features is understood as a consequence of the coupling of phonon with electron–phonon pairs, and its strength depends on the particular metal deposited. A typical softening and broadening of G peak in Raman spectrum is interpreted as Fano resonance, which is an interaction between a phonon and continuum. This asymmetry in G peak is further analyzed and fitted with Breit–Wigner–Fano lineshapes in terms of asymmetric factor (1/qBWF) for different metal‐doped samples as a function of annealing temperature. Hence we demonstrated an easy approach to study the transition from semi‐metallic to metallic nature of graphene. This study may extend the interest in electron–phonon coupling as it aims to manipulate the electronic and magnetic properties of graphene and other 2D systems. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insights on the stilbenes in Raboso Piave grape (Vitis vinifera L.) as a consequence of postharvest vs on‐vine dehydration
Authors: Brillante Luca , De Rosso Mirko , Dalla Vedova Antonio , Maoz Itay , Flamini Riccardo , Tomasi Diego
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND

Grape withering is a process used to produce reinforced wines and raisins. Dehydration is usually carried out postharvest by keeping ripe grapes in special warehouses in controlled conditions of temperature, relative humidity (RH) and air flow. Alternatively, grape clusters can be left on the vines after the canes have been pruned. In general, dehydration increases stilbenes in grape, but there are few studies on the effects of on‐vine withering. The stilbene profiles of Raboso Piave grape during postharvest and on‐vine dehydration were studied here.

RESULTS

High‐resolution mass spectrometry (MS) was used to identify 19 stilbenes, including resveratrol monomers, dimers (viniferins), oligomers and glucoside derivatives. The two dehydration methods generally had different effects on the above nutraceuticals in grape. The samples kept in warehouses revealed significant increases in Z‐ω‐viniferin, E‐ϵ‐viniferin, δ‐viniferin and another resveratrol dimer which were not observed in the plants. Trans‐Resveratrol increased significantly only in samples dehydrated in the warehouse at 21 °C and 60–70% RH.

CONCLUSION

The findings increase knowledge of stilbene composition in grapes subjected to withering on‐vine. The choice of dehydration method affects the contents of these nutraceuticals in the grape and consequently in wines. Reasonably, it could also affect other secondary metabolites important for wine quality. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Bicovariograms and Euler characteristic of regular sets
Authors: Lachièze‐Rey R.
Published: September 2017

We establish an expression of the Euler characteristic of ar‐regular planar set in function of some variographic quantities. The usualframework is relaxed to aregularity assumption, generalising existing local formulas for the Euler characteristic. We give also general bounds on the number of connected components of a measurable set ofin terms of local quantities. These results are then combined to yield a new expression of the mean Euler characteristic of a random regular set, depending solely on the third order marginals for arbitrarily close arguments. We derive results for level sets of some moving average processes and for the boolean model with non‐connected polyrectangular grains in. Applications to excursions of smooth bivariate random fields are derived in the companion paper, and applied for instance toGaussian fields, generalising standard results.
Uniform convergence of sine transforms of general monotone functions
Authors: Debernardi Alberto
Published: September 2017

We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the uniform convergence of sine integrals
urn:x-wiley:0025584X:media:mana201600492:mana201600492-math-0001where g satisfies general monotonicity conditions. In contrast with the previous results on this topic, here we do not assume .
On slice hyperholomorphic fractional Hardy spaces
Authors: Alpay Daniel , Colombo Fabrizio , Sabadini Irene
Published: September 2017

In this paper we introduce and study the fractional Hardy spaces of the half space and of the unit ball in the quaternionic setting. In particular, we discuss their properties of invariance and of factorization in terms of functions in the Hardy space of the half space in the first case, and in terms of a suitable reproducing kernel Hilbert space in the case of the unit ball.
Vineyard diseases detection: a case study on the influence of weather instruments' calibration and positioning
Authors: Sanna Francesca , Calvo Angela , Deboli Roberto , Merlone Andrea
Published: September 2017

Weather‐monitoring instruments installed on hill and mountain agricultural sites are often forced into non‐ideal positioning due to slopes, tree proximity and other obstacles such as rivers and rocks that primarily affect relative humidity, temperature and solar radiation. Moreover, data from these weather stations do not take into account the measurement uncertainties related to these influences. The aim of this study is to investigate weather instruments' calibration and positioning in a vineyard located in the Monferrato region in northwestern Italy. Meteorological data from two weather stations were analysed metrologically in terms of the evaluation of calibration uncertainty and traceability to the International System of Units (SI), and using a statistical test, with the purpose of evaluating primarily the effect of the sensors' calibration and positioning on sloping hills. To understand these influences better, and in order to improve vineyard disease predictions reducing the use of chemicals in agriculture, the data recorded from the weather stations were included with the calibration uncertainties and used as inputs in an epidemiological forecasting model. The inclusion of the calibration uncertainties and positioning contribution affected disease prediction by up to five days; this can be explained by the effect of the tree canopy's spatial arrangement, which tends to alter the vineyard's microclimate.
Applications of high‐resolution magic angle spinning MRS in biomedical studies II—Human diseases
Authors: Dietz Christopher , Ehret Felix , Palmas Francesco , Vandergrift Lindsey A. , Jiang Yanni , Schmitt Vanessa , Dufner Vera , Habbel Piet , Nowak Johannes , Cheng Leo L.
Published: September 2017

High‐resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) MRS is a powerful method for gaining insight into the physiological and pathological processes of cellular metabolism. Given its ability to obtain high‐resolution spectra of non‐liquid biological samples, while preserving tissue architecture for subsequent histopathological analysis, the technique has become invaluable for biochemical and biomedical studies. Using HRMAS MRS, alterations in measured metabolites, metabolic ratios, and metabolomic profiles present the possibility to improve identification and prognostication of various diseases and decipher the metabolomic impact of drug therapies. In this review, we evaluate HRMAS MRS results on human tissue specimens from malignancies and non‐localized diseases reported in the literature since the inception of the technique in 1996. We present the diverse applications of the technique in understanding pathological processes of different anatomical origins, correlations with in vivo imaging, effectiveness of therapies, and progress in the HRMAS methodology.
Hybrid biobased recyclable epoxy composites for mass production
Authors: Cicala G. , Mannino S. , La Rosa A.D. , Banatao D.R. , Pastine S.J. , Kosinski S.T. , Scarpa F.
Published: September 2017

Hybrid flax/carbon composites were studied in this artcle. The matrix used was developed using a sustainable green epoxy monomer cured by a novel cleavable amine. The combination of cleavable amine with green epoxy monomers led to a fully recyclable composite. The laminates were manufactured by using High Pressure Resin Transfer Molding with injection cycles down to 25 sec and cure cycles of 8 min at 120°C, followed by postcuring at 120°C for 1 h. The effect of the stacking sequence of the laminates was analyzed in terms of the tensile, flexural, and impact properties. A chemical recycling was also performed and the mechanical properties of the recovered thermoplastic measured. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:E2217–E2225, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
A Metabolomic Approach Applied to a Liquid Chromatography Coupled to High‐Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method (HPLC‐ESI‐HRMS/MS): Towards the Comprehensive Evaluation of the Chemical Composition of Cannabis Medicinal Extracts
Authors: Citti Cinzia , Battisti Umberto Maria , Braghiroli Daniela , Ciccarella Giuseppe , Schmid Martin , Vandelli Maria Angela , Cannazza Giuseppe
Published: September 2017

Introduction

Cannabis sativa L. is a powerful medicinal plant and its use has recently increased for the treatment of several pathologies. Nonetheless, side effects, like dizziness and hallucinations, and long‐term effects concerning memory and cognition, can occur. Most alarming is the lack of a standardised procedure to extract medicinal cannabis. Indeed, each galenical preparation has an unknown chemical composition in terms of cannabinoids and other active principles that depends on the extraction procedure.

Objective

This study aims to highlight the main differences in the chemical composition of Bediol® extracts when the extraction is carried out with either ethyl alcohol or olive oil for various times (0, 60, 120 and 180 min for ethyl alcohol, and 0, 60, 90 and 120 min for olive oil).

Methodology.

Cannabis medicinal extracts (CMEs) were analysed by liquid chromatography coupled to high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) using an untargeted metabolomics approach. The data sets were processed by unsupervised multivariate analysis.

Results

Our results suggested that the main difference lies in the ratio of acid to decarboxylated cannabinoids, which dramatically influences the pharmacological activity of CMEs. Minor cannabinoids, alkaloids, and amino acids contributing to this difference are also discussed. The main cannabinoids were quantified in each extract applying a recently validated LC–MS and LC‐UV method.

Conclusions

Notwithstanding the use of a standardised starting plant material, great changes are caused by different extraction procedures. The metabolomics approach is a useful tool for the evaluation of the chemical composition of cannabis extracts. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Micro and Small Enterprises as an Anti‐Poverty and Employment Generation Strategy in Bahir Dar City, North‐Western Ethiopia
Authors: Melese Bekele
Published: September 2017

Reducing poverty, unemployment, and inequality is a primary concern of development efforts of the world in general and developing countries in particular. In search of such a viable strategy to realize this goal, the promotion of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) is taken to be an important priority area of intervention, particularly since the 1980s. This article aims to contribute to and inform the ongoing debate on the MSEs approach to development by analyzing data relating to the role of promoting MSEs to employment generation and poverty reduction in Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia. To the fulfillment of this objective, a survey of 136 enterprises using a structured questionnaire and in‐depth interview methods along with the analysis of documentary sources were used to generate empirical data. The impact of the MSEs development program is examined in terms of employment creation and income generation for target beneficiaries. The findings reveal that the MSEs program had led to positive outcomes on the income and livelihood conditions of target beneficiaries. Given the importance of the MSEs sector in national development policy and practice, there is particularly little systematic analysis of the subject, however. This article thus provides an exploratory insight into the issue and contributes to the limited academic literature in the area by generating information pertaining to the role of MSEs in employment generation and poverty reduction, hence adding to the broader theoretical debate relating to the role of MSEs in development.
Entanglement Entropy Evolution under Double‐trace Deformation
Authors: Song Yushu
Published: September 2017

In this paper, we study the bulk entanglement entropy evolution in conical BTZ black bole background using the heat kernel method. This is motivated by exploring the new examples where the quantum correction of the entanglement entropy gives the leading contribution. We find that in the large black hole limit the bulk entanglement entropy decreases under the double‐trace deformation which is consistent with the holographic c theorem and in the small black hole limit the bulk entanglement entropy increases under the deformation. We also discuss the minimal area correction.
Automatic structure prediction of oligomeric assemblies using Robetta in CASP12
Authors: Park Hahnbeom , Kim David E. , Ovchinnikov Sergey , Baker David , DiMaio Frank
Published: September 2017

Many naturally occurring protein systems function primarily as symmetric assemblies. Prediction of the quaternary structure of these assemblies is an important biological problem. This article describes automated tools we have developed for predicting the structures of symmetric protein assemblies in the Robetta structure prediction server. We assess the performance of this pipeline on a set of targets from the recent CASP12/CAPRI blind quaternary structure prediction experiment. Our approach successfully predicted 5 of 7 symmetric assemblies in this challenge, and was assessed as the best participating server group, and 1 of only 2 groups (human or server) with 2 predictions judged as high quality by the assessors. We also assess the method on a broader set of 22 natively symmetric CASP12 targets, where we show that oligomeric modeling can improve the accuracy of monomeric structure determination, particularly in highly intertwined oligomers.
The application of low energy ion scattering spectroscopy (LEIS) in sub 28‐nm CMOS technology
Authors: Dittmar Kornelia , Triyoso Dina H. , Erben Elke , Metzger Joachim , Binder Robert , Brongersma Hidde H. , Weisheit Martin , Engelmann Hans‐Jürgen
Published: September 2017

With the transition to ≤28‐nm CMOS technology nodes, the surface analytical challenges with regard to steadily decreasing dimensions and still growing materials options raise the demand of high performing surface analysis techniques. Characterization of ultrathin films and multilayer stacks, especially in high‐k metal gate stacks, by means of low energy ion scattering spectroscopy (LEIS) with its monolayer sensitivity has been established as a very useful analysis technique next to Auger electron spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. Questions regarding film nucleation, growth, coverage, and diffusion can be answered, thereby enabling those processes to be controlled appropriately.

In this work, growth studies of ALD HfO2 and TiN are shown, as well as film thickness determination based on surface spectra. PVD aluminum and lanthanum, acting as work function metals on the gate oxide, were deposited, and their film formation and closure were investigated. Further application fields of LEIS have emerged from the characterization of in‐die features on patterned wafers. As presented on test arrays, it is possible to detect material deep in trenches. This is an advantage if residues need to be identified after etch or clean processes.
Analysis of physical factors of the windstorm Xaver in Poland: ­post‐hazard review
Authors: Ribeiro Ramos , Rudge Rodrigo , Rucińska Dorota
Published: September 2017

The windstorm Xaver, a severe wind cyclone that occurred in December 2013 caused widespread damage in many regions of Europe, including Poland where the maximum speed of wind reached 38ms−1. This paper aims to study a post event taking into consideration the forecasts and meteorological data. The analysis of the effects of the storm Xaver indicates the importance of prevention of the impacts caused by extreme natural events.
Whitewash and After: ‘Most Good Is Done by Stealth’
Authors: Hilton Claire
Published: September 2017

Kenneth Robinson, Minister of Health, announced that the inquiries disproved the allegations in Sans Everything and vindicated the hospitals. However, careful reading of the reports indicated much unsatisfactory practice. Newspapers criticised the Ministry for its deceitful and ‘deplorably hostile’ view of Sans Everything, and public support for AEGIS increased. More hospital staff voiced concerns and attempted to make improvements. In 1969, investigations at Ely Hospital revealed appalling standards, gave credence to Sans Everything and reiterated AEGIS’s proposed remedies. AEGIS continued to chip away at the shield defending officialdom and worked to improve hospital provision. The government established a NHS inspectorate (1969), reviewed the complaints system (1971–1973), appointed an ombudsman (1973) and created blueprints for improved services for people of all ages with mental handicap and mental illness (1971–1972).
A Clinical Scoring System to Predict the Clinical Sequelae of Computed Tomography Diagnosed Intussusception
Authors: Tan Hwee Leong , Koh Ye Xin , Taufik Mohammad , Lye Weng Kit , Goh Brian Kim Poh , Ong Hock Soo
Published: September 2017

Introduction

Intussusception in adults is increasingly diagnosed on cross‐sectional imaging with a lack of clear recommendations on management. The presence of an underlying lead point is a key to guiding management as its absence can predict spontaneous resolution. We studied adult patients with computed tomography (CT) diagnosed intussusception formulate a clinical scoring system to predict the risk of an underlying lead point.

Methodology

We performed a retrospective review of all adult patients who underwent CT scans of the abdomen and pelvis in our institution between 2001 and 2014. Independent associations of an underlying lead point were derived following multivariable analysis, from which a clinical scoring system was developed.

Results

We studied 140 patients. In multivariable analysis, six factors were found to be independently associated with the presence of an underlying lead point, namely gender, abdominal pain, CT evidence of colonic involvement, CT evidence of a lead point, distal diameter ≥27 mm and minimum wall thickness ≥3 mm. A nine‐point clinical scoring system was developed, with a cutoff score of four or higher yielding a sensitivity and specificity of 0.75 and 0.81, respectively.

Conclusion

Our clinical scoring system provides a quantitative tool to predict the likelihood of an underlying lead point in CT‐diagnosed intussusception in adults to help guide management.