bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Einbruchhemmung mit Mauerwerk aus Leichtbeton
Authors: Frank Alexander , Heinrichsberger Sandra , Kranzler Thomas , Küenzlen Jürgen H. R. , Sack Norbert
Published: February 2020

Die Produktpalette von Mauersteinen aus Leichtbeton weist sowohl schwere, hochfeste Steine für Innenwände, Haustrennwände sowie zweischalige und zusatzgedämmte (WDVS) Außenwände als auch leichte, hochwärmedämmende Steine für monolithische Außenwände auf. Während die Montage einbruchhemmender Bauelemente in Mauerwerk aus schweren, hochfesten Steinen aus Leichtbeton seit jeher in DIN EN 1627 bis hin zur Widerstandsklasse RC 6 geregelt ist, war die Montage in leichten, hochwärmedämmenden Steinen für monolithische Außenwände aus Leichtbeton bislang nicht abgedeckt. Aus diesem Grund wurden durch das ift Rosenheim Untersuchungen zur Einbruchhemmung von hochwärmedämmendem monolithischem Leichtbetonmauerwerk durchgeführt. Für übliches, 365 mm dickes und mit einem Leichtputz Typ I verputztes Leichtbetonmauerwerk der Steindruckfestigkeitsklasse 2 und der Rohdichteklasse 0,40 wurde die in Deutschland von der Polizei empfohlene Einbruchwiderstandsklasse RC 2 nachgewiesen. Die Ergebnisse des Forschungsprojekts mündeten in einem Vorschlag für die Ergänzung der Tabelle NA.2 des deutschen Nationalen Anhangs zu DIN EN 1627.
Bioactivation of lumiracoxib in human liver microsomes: Formation of GSH‐ and amino adducts through acyl glucuronide
Authors: Jiao Weijie , Zhao Xu , Wu Guiyue , Zhang Xiangyun , Wu Hong , Cui Yinglin
Published: February 2020

Lumiracoxib is a selective cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitor, which has been reported to cause rare but severe liver injury. Considering that lumiracoxib has a carboxylic group in the molecule, glucuronidation to form acylglucuronide would be one of the possible mechanisms of lumiracoxib‐induced liver injury. The aim of this study was to identify the metabolites of lumiracoxib that were formed via acyl‐glucuronidation in human liver microsomes using glutathione (GSH) and N‐acetyl‐lysine (NAL) as trapping agents by liquid chromatography combined with high resolution mass spectrometry. The structures of the detected metabolites were identified by their accurate masses, fragment ions, and retention times. Under the current conditions, eight lumiracoxib associated metabolites were identified. With the presence of UDPGA, lumiracoxib was biotransformed into lumiracoxib‐1‐O‐acylglucuronide (M1) and 4′‐hydroxyl‐lumiracoxib‐1‐O‐acylglucuronide (M2), both of which were reactive and prone to react with GSH to form drug‐S‐acyl‐GSH adducts (M3 and M4) through transacylation. In addition to reaction with GSH, the formed 1‐O‐acylglucuronides were chemically unstable (T1/2 = 1.5 h in phosphate buffer) and rearranged to 2‐, 3‐, and/or 4‐isomers, which further underwent ring‐opening to form aldehyde derivatives and then reacted with NAL to yield Schiff base derivatives (M5–M8). The present study provides a clear bioactivation profile of lumiracoxib through acyl glucuronidation, which would be one of the mechanisms attributed to liver injury caused by lumiracoxib.
Different effects of mating group size as male and as female on sex allocation in a simultaneous hermaphrodite
Authors: Tamechika Masami M. , Matsuno Kohei , Wada Satoshi , Yusa Yoichi
Published: February 2020

Sex allocation theory predicts that the optimal sexual resource allocation of simultaneous hermaphrodites is affected by mating group size (MGS). Although the original concept assumes that the MGS does not differ between male and female functions, the MGS in the male function (MGSm; i.e., the number of sperm recipients the focal individual can deliver its sperm to plus one) and that in the female function (MGSf; the number of sperm donors plus one) do not always coincide and may differently affect the optimal sex allocation. Moreover, reproductive costs can be split into “variable” (e.g., sperm and eggs) and “fixed” (e.g., genitalia) costs, but these have been seldom distinguished in empirical studies. We examined the effects of MGSm and MGSf on the fixed and variable reproductive investments in the sessilian barnacle Balanus rostratus. The results showed that MGSm had a positive effect on sex allocation, whereas MGSf had a nearly significant negative effect. Moreover, the “fixed” cost varied with body size and both aspects of MGS. We argue that the two aspects of MGS should be distinguished for organisms with unilateral mating.
IL‐7 derived from lymph node fibroblastic reticular cells is dispensable for naive T cell homeostasis but crucial for central memory T cell survival
Authors: Knop Laura , Deiser Katrin , Bank Ute , Witte Amelie , Mohr Juliane , Philipsen Lars , Fehling Hans J. , Müller Andreas J. , Kalinke Ulrich , Schüler Thomas
Published: February 2020

The survival of peripheral T cells is dependent on their access to peripheral LNs (pLNs) and stimulation by IL‐7. In pLNs fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) and lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) produce IL‐7 suggesting their contribution to the IL‐7‐dependent survival of T cells. However, IL‐7 production is detectable in multiple organs and is not restricted to pLNs. This raises the question whether pLN‐derived IL‐7 is required for the maintenance of peripheral T cell homeostasis. Here, we show that numbers of naive T cells (TN) remain unaffected in pLNs and spleen of mice lacking Il7 gene activity in pLN FRCs, LECs, or both. In contrast, frequencies of central memory T cells (TCM) are reduced in FRC‐specific IL‐7 KO mice. Thus, steady state IL‐7 production by pLN FRCs is critical for the maintenance of TCM, but not TN, indicating that both T cell subsets colonize different ecological niches in vivo.
CD96 functions as a co‐stimulatory receptor to enhance CD8+ T cell activation and effector responses
Authors: Chiang Eugene Y. , de Almeida Patricia E. , de Almeida Nagata Denise E. , Bowles Kristin Harden , Du Xiangnan , Chitre Avantika S. , Banta Karl L. , Kwon Youngsu , McKenzie Brent , Mittman Stephanie , Cubas Rafael , Anderson Keith R. , Warming Søren , Grogan Jane L.
Published: February 2020

CD96 is a member of the poliovirus receptor (PVR, CD155)‐nectin family that includes T cell Ig and ITIM domain (TIGIT) and CD226. While CD96, TIGIT, and CD226 have important roles in regulating NK cell activity, and TIGIT and CD226 have also been shown to regulate T cell responses, it is unclear whether CD96 has inhibitory or stimulatory function in CD8+ T cells. Here, we demonstrate that CD96 has co‐stimulatory function on CD8+ T cells. Crosslinking of CD96 on human or mouse CD8+ T cells induced activation, effector cytokine production, and proliferation. CD96 was found to transduce its activating signal through the MEK‐ERK pathway. CD96‐mediated signaling led to increased frequencies of NUR77‐ and T‐bet‐expressing CD8+ T cells and enhanced cytotoxic effector activity, indicating that CD96 can modulate effector T cell differentiation. Antibody blockade of CD96 or genetic ablation of CD96 expression on CD8+ T cells impaired expression of transcription factors and proinflammatory cytokines associated with CD8+ T cell activation in in vivo models. Taken together, CD96 has a co‐stimulatory role in CD8+ T cell activation and effector function.
Development of All‐solid‐state Antidiabetic Drug Metformin‐selective Microsensor and its Electrochemical Applications
Authors: Bal Altuntaş Derya
Published: February 2020

In this study, all‐solid‐state type potentiometric PVC membrane selective microsensor was developed for Metformin (MET) which is an antidiabetic drug active substance. Metformin‐tetraphenylborate (MET‐TPB) ion‐pair was used as an ionophore in the structure of the sensor membrane. It was determined that the sensor membrane at the ratio of 69 % o‐nitrophenyl octyl ether, 27 % polyvinyl chloride and 4 % MET‐TPB performed the best potentiometric performance. In a wide concentration range (1×10−5–1×10−1 mol/L), the slope, detection limit, response time, pH range, and life‐time of the sensor were determined as 55.9±1.6 mV (R2=0.996), 3.35×10−6 mol/L, 8–10 s, pH: 3–8, and ∼10 weeks, respectively. The voltammetric performances of the sensor were also investigated. The prepared microsensor was successfully utilized for the determination of Metformin in a pharmaceutical drug sample by potentiometry and voltammetry. It was observed that the obtained results were in agreement with the results obtained by the UV spectroscopy method at 95 % confidence level.
Parallel single‐cell optical transit dielectrophoresis cytometer
Authors: Fazelkhah Azita , Afshar Samaneh , Durham Nicholas , Butler Michael , Salimi Elham , Bridges Greg , Thomson Douglas
Published: February 2020

In this work, we present an optical transit DEP flow cytometer for parallel single‐cell analysis. Each cell's dielectric property is inferred from velocity perturbations due to DEP actuation in a microfluidic channel. Dual LED sources facilitate velocity measurement by producing two transit shadows for each cell passing through the channel. These shadows are detected using a 256‐pixel linear optical array detector. Massively parallel analysis is possible as each pixel of the detector can independently analyze the passing cells. A wide channel (∼18 mm) was employed to carry many particles simultaneously, and the system was capable of detecting the velocity of over 200 cells simultaneously. We have achieved analysis rates for 10 µm diameter polystyrene spheres response exceeding 250 per second. With appropriate calibration, this DEP cytometer can quantitatively measure the dielectric response. The dielectric response (Clausius–Mossotti factor) of viable CHO cells was measured over the frequency range of 100 kHz to 6 MHz, and the obtained response matches the previously measured values by our group. The DEP cytometer uses simple modular components to achieve high throughput label‐free single‐cell dielectric analysis and can begin analyzing particles within 10 s after starting to pump the sample into the channel.
Predictions for higher education from 2005 came true in 2019
Authors: Dennis Marguerite J.
Published: February 2020

I have often written about the folly of making predictions about the future of higher education in the United States and around the world. However, sometimes they can help administrators prepare for what might happen.
Balance safety, success when evaluating applicants’ misconduct, criminal backgrounds
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: February 2020

You want to keep your current students safe but you also recognize the value of removing barriers that tend to prevent potential students with criminal records from pursuing the education that could give them a fresh start. To achieve the proper balance between these two goals, you'll need an approach that ensures the safety and success of applicants and the overall campus community.
Peak‐over‐threshold: Quantifying ground motion beyond design
Authors: Cito Pasquale , Iervolino Iunio
Published: February 2020

In performance‐based seismic design, as adopted by several building codes worldwide, the structural performance is verified against ground motions that have predetermined exceedance return periods at the site of interest. Such a return period is evaluated by means of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA), and the corresponding ground motion is often represented by the uniform hazard spectrum (UHS). The structural performance for ground motions larger than those considered in this design approach is, typically, not explicitly controlled under the assumption that they are sufficiently rare. On one hand, this does not achieve uniform safety at sites characterized by different design ground motions corresponding to the same return period; on the other hand, exceedances of the design spectra are systematically observed over large areas, for example in Italy. The latter issue is because of the nature of UHS, the exceedance of which is likely‐to‐almost‐certain when the construction site is in the epicentral area of moderate‐to‐high magnitude earthquakes (ie, the design spectrum may be not conservative at these locations), especially if PSHA is based on seismic source zones. The former is partially because of the systematic difference of ground motions for return periods larger than the design one at the different sites. Quantification of the expected ground motion given the exceedance of the design ground motions (ie, the recently introduced as the expected peak‐over‐threshold or POT) can be of help in quantitatively assessing these issues. In the study, a procedure to compute the POT distribution is derived first; second, POT spectra are introduced and used to help understanding why and how seismic structural reliability of code‐conforming structures decreases as the seismic hazard of the site increases; third, expected and 95th percentile POT maps are shown for Italy to discuss how much high hazard sites are exposed to much larger peak‐over‐threshold with respect to mid‐hazard and low‐hazard sites; finally the POT is discussed with respect to the slope of the hazard curve (in log‐log scale) at the threshold, a known proxy for ground motion beyond design. All data presented in the maps are made available for the interested reader as a supplemental archive.
A flavor uniformity evaluation and improvement of Chinese spirit by electronic nose
Authors: Li Jing , Li Zhenfeng , Deng Xia , Song Chunfang , Raghavan Vijaya , Xie Yufei
Published: February 2020

Fenjiu spirits are famous for their multifarious flavors in China. Nevertheless, the uniformity and homogeneity of the products are always challenges for the producers. Three flavor measurement methods, that is, zNose™, GC‐MS, and spirit tasters, were employed and correlated for evaluation of Fenjiu flavors' difference. An automatic blending system was designed to improve the uniformity, where base liquors of Dazongjiu, Dajiu, and Daijiu, as well as pure water, were used for blending, and BPNN was employed for regression and error minimization. Results showed that zNose™ results could be correlated with GC‐MS in 95%; hence, zNose™ can replace GC‐MS in Fenjiu flavor measurement. With the zNose™ assistance, an experimental scale, fully automatic blending system could be optimized with different modern mathematical algorithms to improve the Fenjiu products uniformity. We believe that this detailed work will advance the scientific knowledge in the field and help to facilitate the uniformity and homogeneity of Fenjiu products.
Exploring the lived experiences of mutuality in diverse formal faculty mentoring partnerships through the lens of mentoring schemas
Authors: Ghosh Rajashi , Hutchins Holly M. , Rose Kevin J. , Manongsong Ague M.
Published: February 2020

Mentoring programs continue to be an important HRD tool as they provide faculty, regardless of career stage, an opportunity for professional learning and development. However, the traditional hierarchical mentor–mentee model may limit the quality and utility of these relationships. A solution provided by emerging literature is the relational mentoring perspective that calls for a mutual approach to mentoring. Nonetheless, mutual learning and growth in diverse mentoring might be difficult for underrepresented faculty mentees and their mentors. Our study offers a unique contribution to the mentoring literature by identifying how mentoring schemas may guide experiences of the factors that challenge and cultivate mutuality within diverse formal mentoring relationships. Findings indicated that difference in career stage and culture/power‐distance challenged the mentoring partners' ability to experience mutuality, especially if they had a traditional mentoring schema. Interestingly, they managed to overcome these challenges and experience mutuality in their mentoring partnerships if they were paired with a senior mentoring partner with a relational mentoring schema who was skilled to nurture mutual learning and growth. Also, similarity between mentoring partners in deep‐level diversity characteristics such as research interest, work styles, and approach to career building facilitated experiences of mutuality. Guided by the findings, we recommend that program designers solicit information on how cultural identities might have shaped mentoring schemas as part of the matching process and engage mentoring participants in a discussion about how these differences may influence the way mutuality is conceptualized and practiced early in the mentoring process.
Change in low flows due to catchment management dynamics—Application of a comparative modelling approach
Authors: Gebremicael Tesfay G. , Mohamed Yasir A. , van der Zaag Pieter , Hassaballah Khalid , Hagos Eyasu Y.
Published: February 2020

Understanding the natural low flow of a catchment is critical for effective water management policy in semi‐arid and arid lands. The Geba catchment in Ethiopia, forming the headwaters of Tekeze‐Atbara basin was known for its severe land degradation before the recent large scale Soil and Water conservation (SWC) programs. Such interventions can modify the hydrological processes by changing the partitioning of the incoming rainfall on the land surface. However, the literature lacks studies to quantify the hydrological impacts of these interventions in the semi‐arid catchments of the Nile basin. Statistical test and Indicators of Hydrological Alteration (IHA) were used to identify the trends of streamflow in two comparatives adjacent (one treated with intensive SWC intervention and control with fewer interventions) catchments. A distributed hydrological model was developed to understand the differences in hydrological processes of the two catchments. The statistical and IHA tools showed that the low flow in the treated catchment has significantly increased while considerably decreased in the control catchment. Comparative analysis confirmed that the low flow in the catchment with intensive SWC works was greater than that of the control by >30% while the direct runoff was lower by >120%. This implies a large proportion of the rainfall in the treated catchment is infiltrated and recharge aquifers which subsequently contribute to streamflow during the dry season. The proportion of soil storage was more than double compared to the control catchment. Moreover, hydrological response comparison from pre‐ and post‐intervention showed that a drastic reduction in direct runoff (>84%) has improved the low flow by >55%. This strongly suggests that the ongoing intensive SWC works have significantly improved the low flows while it contributed to the reduction of total streamflow in the catchment.
Comparison of pregnant Turkish women and Syrian refugees: Does living as a refugee have an unfavorable effect on pregnancy outcomes?
Authors: Turkay Ünal , Aydın Ümit , Salıcı Mehmet , Çalışkan Ebru , Terzi Hasan , Astepe Bahar S. , Varlıklı Onursal
Published: February 2020

Objective

To compare pregnant Turkish women and Syrian refugee women in terms of demographic data and obstetric and neonatal outcomes.

Methods

In a retrospective study, the records of Turkish women and Syrian refugee women who gave birth at the Health Sciences University Kocaeli Derince Training and Research Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey, between January 1, 2016, and July 31, 2017 were examined. Maternal characteristics and obstetric and neonatal outcomes were compared between the two groups.

Results

The study, which included 7950 Turkish women and 620 Syrian refugee women, found significant differences in maternal age according to nationality. The rate of normal delivery was significantly lower for the Turkish women at 51.6% (P=0.001) compared to 61.3% for the Syrian refugee women. The rate of delivery prior to 37 weeks of gestation was 1.8% for the Turkish women and 3.2% for the Syrian refugee women, indicating earlier delivery for the Syrian refugees than the Turkish women (P=0.017). A significant difference was found between the birth weights of infants born in the two groups (P=0.001).

Conclusion

According to the study results, Syrian refugees have a higher rate of adolescent birth and low‐birth‐weight neonates which could be attributed to poor care and insufficient nutrition during pregnancy while living as a refugee in Turkey.
Antiarthritic effect of chitosan nanoparticle loaded with embelin against adjuvant‐induced arthritis in Wistar rats
Authors: Cui Peng , Qu Feng , Sreeharsha Nagaraja , Sharma Sanjay , Mishra Anurag , Gubbiyappa Shiva K.
Published: February 2020

Background

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with joint damage. Effectiveness of embelin has been established in a wide variety of inflammatory disorders, but its utility as a therapeutic agent is limited by its poor absorption, rapid metabolism, and fast systemic elimination. To apprehend these limitations, we propose to use highly bioavailable embelin‐loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CS‐embelin NPs) for the treatment of RA.

Methods

The rats were made arthritic using a subcutaneous injection with 0.1 ml complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the footpad of the left hind paw. CS‐embelin NPs (25 and 50 mg/kg) was administered from day 15 to day 28 after adjuvant injection. After the experimental period, the animals were sacrificed and various biochemical markers were assessed.

Results

Arthritic score and paw swelling were significantly reduced after treatment with CS‐embelin NPs. Arthritis‐induced rats showed a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) with a concomitant reduction of antioxidants in the paw tissue. CS‐embelin NPs (25 and 50 mg/kg) reduced MDA and NO levels and restored antioxidant levels to normalcy by mitigating oxidative stress. The arthritic rats exhibited elevated tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and interleukin‐1beta (IL‐1β) serum concentrations, upregulated TNF‐ α and IL–6 protein levels and upregulated nuclear factor‐kB (NF‐kB) mRNA expression in paw tissues. Treatment with CS‐embelin NPs (25 and 50 mg/kg) significantly reduced serum levels and down‐regulated inflammatory markers to normalcy, dose‐dependently.

Conclusion

The results suggest that CS‐embelin NPs displayed a protective effect against adjuvant‐induced arthritis in rats mediated through antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects.
Regulation of lung endothelial permeability by NEK kinases
Authors: Barabutis Nektarios
Published: February 2020

Dysregulation of lung endothelial barrier function may lead to lethal outcomes, as demonstrated in the case of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). p53 participates in the regulation of the lung endothelial barrier, and it has been associated both in vivo and in vitro with protective effects against the LPS‐induced hyperpermeability. Family members of the never in mitosis A‐related kinases (NEKs) are crucial mediators of fundamental cellular processes, including mitosis, and have been shown to posttranslationally modify p53. Since such modifications affect p53 stability and activity, it is highly probable that NEK kinases are also regulators of lung endothelial permeability. Thus, they may serve as possible therapeutic targets for treatment of pathologies associated with endothelial barrier dysfunction.
Elucidation of soil phosphorus speciation in mid‐Atlantic soils using synchrotron‐based microspectroscopic techniques
Authors: Gamble Audrey V. , Northrup Paul A. , Sparks Donald L.
Published: February 2020

Phosphorus deficiency and excess are concomitant problems in agricultural soils of the mid‐Atlantic region. A fundamental understanding of soil P speciation is essential to assess P fate and transport in these soils. Current methods for soil P speciation often rely on sequential chemical extractions, which can introduce artifacts during analysis. To overcome limitations of current methods, this study evaluated synchrotron‐based micro‐focused X‐ray fluorescence (µ‐XRF) and X‐ray absorption near‐edge spectroscopy (µ‐XANES) techniques to assess soil P speciation in agricultural soils collected from the mid‐Atlantic region of the United States. Three soils with varying chemical and physical properties were analyzed with µ‐XRF maps collected at high (12,000 eV) and tender (2240 eV) energies to evaluate colocation of P with Fe, Al, Ca, and Si in soil samples, and µ‐XANES spectra were collected at the P K‐edge for P hotspots. Combined µ‐XRF and µ‐XANES analysis was useful for identifying Ca phosphate, Fe phosphate, Al‐sorbed P, and Fe‐sorbed P species in heterogeneous soil samples. X‐ray fluorescence maps were valuable to distinguish Al‐oxide sorbed P from Fe‐oxide sorbed P species. A low signal‐to‐noise ratio often limited µ‐XANES data collection in regions with diffuse, low concentrations of P. Therefore, some P species may not have been detected during analysis. Even with varying degrees of self‐absorption and signal‐to‐noise ratios in µ‐XANES spectra, important inferences regarding P speciation in mid‐Atlantic soils were made. This study highlights the potential of µ‐XANES analysis for use in environmental and agricultural sciences to provide insights into P fate and transport in soils.
A central nervous system metastasis of melanoma with stroke‐like onset of left‐lower quadrantanopsia
Authors: Arakawa Akira , Mitsutake Akihiko , Hideyama Takuto , Sato Tatsuya , Katsumata Junko , Seki Tomonari , Maekawa Risa , Ohno Makoto , Narita Yoshitaka , Shiio Yasushi
Published: February 2020

“Stroke mimics” mean diseases presenting with acute neurological impairments that are taken for stroke. Discriminating them is crucial to avoid improper treatment or delayed correct treatment. We describe a 48‐year‐old woman presenting with a sudden onset of scintillating scotoma and left‐lower quadrantanopsia. Hyperacute cerebral infarction was suspected. However, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a mass at the cortico‐medullary junction in the right occipital lobe. We diagnosed her as metastatic melanoma. We suspected that neurological deficits can be attributed to seizure, and therefore introduced levetiracetam. She showed neurological improvement immediately. Our case demonstrated the importance of considering brain tumor as a differential diagnosis in patients presenting with acute‐onset neurological deficits. In addition to appropriate treatment of tumor, the use of newer antiepileptic drugs resulted in good neurological prognosis in metastatic brain tumors.
Cyanoacetic acid hydrazide: An efficient access for the synthesis of multi‐functional azine and azole derivatives
Authors: El‐Sayed Hassan A. , Abd Elazim Mohamed H. M. , Assy M. G. , Atef Islam
Published: February 2020

Herein, the synthesis of nitrogen‐containing heterocyclic scaffolds from heterocyclization of cyanoacetic acid hydrazide derivatives is described. Thiosemicarbazide derivative1aundergoes base‐mediated cyclization producing pyrazole derivative of type2. The triazolopyridine5was obtained by double cyclization of1aand benzylidene malononitrile. Compound1bcondensed with ethyl chloroformate to furnish pyrazolooxazine8. Compound1bwas added to benzoyl isothiocyanate under thermal condition to form oxadiazine derivative10while, keeping the above reactant under room temperature to form acyclic derivative11. Using CS2as a cyclizing agent for compound1byielded pyrazole derivative13. Treatment of1bwith I2resulted in oxidative cyclization producing pyridazine derivative14. Compound1ccyclized with benzoyl isothiocyanate forming triazolothiazine derivative18. While using cinnamoyl isothiocyanate, the acyclic product22was obtained. Compound1cwas condensed with formaldehyde leading to oxadiazole derivative25.
Parotid sparing in RapidPlan Oropharynx models: To split or not to split
Authors: O'Toole James , Wu Kenny , Bromley Regina , Stevens Mark , Eade Thomas , van Gysen Kirsten , Atyeo John
Published: February 2020

Introduction

Differences in knowledge and experience, patient anatomy and tumour location and manipulation of inverse planning objectives and priorities will lead to a variability in the quality of radiation planning. The aim of this study was to investigate whether parotid glands should be treated as separate or combined structures when using knowledge‐based planning (KBP) to create oropharyngeal plans, based on the dose they receive.

Method

Two separate RapidPlan (RP) models were created using the same 70 radical oropharyngeal patients. The ‘separated model’ divided the parotids into ipsilateral and contralateral structures. The ‘combined model’ did not separate the parotids. The models were independently validated using 20 patients not included in the models. The same dose constraints and priorities were applied to planning target volumes (PTVs) and organs at risk (OARs) for all plans. An auto‐generated line objective and priority was applied in both models, with parotid mean dose and V50 doses evaluated and compared.

Results

Plans optimised using the combined model resulted in lower ipsilateral mean doses and lower V50 doses in 80% and 75% of cases, respectively. Fifty‐five per cent of plans produced lower mean doses for the contralateral parotid when optimised using the combined model, while lower V50 doses were evenly split between the models.

Conclusion

Combining the data for both parotids into one RP model resulted in better ipsilateral parotid sparing. Results also suggest that a combined parotid model will spare dose to the contralateral parotid; however, further investigation is required to confirm these results.
Efficacy of compositing with snail meat powder on protein nutritional quality of sorghum–wheat buns using a rat bioassay
Authors: Agengo Fredrick B , Onyango Arnold N , Serrem Charlotte A , Okoth Judith
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND

Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) is an important health burden in most developing countries mainly in sub‐Saharan Africa, where it contributes to high rates of child morbidity and mortality. This study evaluated the efficacy of compositing with snail meat powder (SMP) on protein nutritional quality of sorghum–wheat buns using a rat bioassay. Nine diets –seven isonitrogenous diets, based on six variations of buns and a reference diet made using skimmed milk powder, in addition to the basal diet meant to estimate the endogenous nitrogen excretion and a 16% protein rehabilitation diet – were fed to male weanling albino rats. Protein efficiency ratio (PER), and food efficiency ratio (FER), net protein retention ratio (NPRR), apparent protein digestibility (APD), and true protein digestibility (TPD), protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS), and digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) indices of protein quality were determined.

RESULTS

Fortification with SMP significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced PER from 0.21% to 2.70%, FER from 0.02% to 0.27%, APD from 81.17% to 88.28%, and TPD from 87.48% to 95.38%. PDCAAS and DIAAS increased from 45% to 78% and 44% to 69% respectively in unfortified buns to buns fortified with 25% SMP.

CONCLUSION

Complementary diets fortified with SMP promote growth and rehabilitate emaciated rats, whereas unfortified diet did not support weight gain. Thus, supplementation of buns with SMP might enhance a faster recovery in children affected by PEM. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Assembly and application advancement of organic‐functionalized graphene‐based materials: A review
Authors: Jiang Xiangqiong , Ruan Guihua , Huang Yipeng , Chen Zhengyi , Yuan Huamei , Du Fuyou
Published: February 2020

Owing to the remarkable physicochemical properties such as hydrophobicity, conductivity, elasticity, and light weight, graphene‐based materials have emerged as one of the most appealing carbon allotropes in materials science and chemical engineering. Unfortunately, pristine graphene materials lack functional groups for further modification, severely hindering their practical applications. To render graphene materials with special characters for different applications, graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide has been functionalized with different organic agents and assembled together, via covalent binding and various noncovalent forces such as π–π interaction, electrostatic interaction, and hydrogen bonding. In this review, we briefly discuss the state‐of‐the‐art synthetic strategies and properties of organic‐functionalized graphene‐based materials, and then, present the prospective applications of organic‐functionalized graphene‐based materials in sample preparation.
Can Ultrasonography Be Useful in Planning Surgery for De Quervain Tenosynovitis?: A Prospective Study With Emphasis on Detection of the Superficial Radial Nerve and Dominant Pathologic Tendon
Authors: Kim Sung‐Jae , Lee Chang‐Hun , Khil Eun Kyung , Choi Jung‐Ah , Im Woo‐Young , Lee Kwang‐Hyun
Published: February 2020

Objectives

We performed preoperative ultrasonography (US) to detect the anatomic course of the superficial radial nerve (SRN) and dominant pathologic tendon of the first extensor compartment in de Quervain tenosynovitis.

Methods

We prospectively studied 27 patients (29 wrists) with de Quervain tenosynovitis who underwent surgical release of the first extensor compartment. Preoperatively, US was performed to evaluate the presence of the dominant pathologic tendon and the septum in the subcompartment, number of SRNs in the area of the surgical incision, and anatomic running course of the SRN. These variables were also checked intraoperatively. Cohen κ statistics were calculated to investigate agreement between US and surgical field findings.

Results

There were 7 men and 20 women (mean age, 47.8 years; range, 26–67 years). For the dominant pathologic tendon, there were 2 cases (6.9%) of an abductor pollicis longus, 11 cases (37.9%) of an extensor pollicis brevis, and 16 cases (55.2 %) of a nondominant tendon (κ = 0.94). For the subcompartment, there were 10 cases (34.5%) without a septum, 8 (27.6%) with an incomplete septum, and 11 (37.9%) with a complete septum (κ = 0.95). Most SRNs crossed over the first extensor compartment (κ = 0.78).

Conclusions

Preoperative US can be useful in detecting the anatomic running course of the SRN and dominant pathologic tendon before surgery for de Quervain tenosynovitis. Classifying the anatomic course of the SRN could be essential to planning surgery, and it could be helpful to prevent injury of the SRN during surgery.
Alternation of the Mode Synchronization and Desynchronization in Ultrafast Fiber Laser
Authors: Du Yueqing , Sergeyev Sergey V. , Xu Zuowei , Han Mengmeng , Shu Xuewen , Turitsyn Sergei K.
Published: February 2020

Ultrafast fiber lasers offer a unique opportunity to implement optically a Poincaré mapping in the phase space of a variety of complex dissipative dynamical systems operating far from the equilibrium. Understanding of such complex optical dynamical systems revealing, for instance, ultrafast dynamics of the dissipative solitons (DSs) and more complex regimes is important for advancing specification and performance of the mode‐locked lasers used in a vast number of applications ranging from spectroscopy and medicine to metrology and telecom. Here, using the mode‐locked fiber laser as a test‐bed, the Shilnikov‐type ultrafast dynamics taking the form of randomly switching between noise‐like pulsing and quasi‐continuous‐wave regimes is experimentally demonstrated. The transient coherence recovery is revealed, during which the noise‐like pulse (NLP) is transformed into a coherent DS state and then returned to an incoherent NLP state. The demonstrated alternation of mode synchronization and desynchronization is both of practical importance for developing new types of partially mode‐locked lasers and of the fundamental interest for the nonlinear science in the context of revealing routes to the turbulence in distributed nonlinear systems.
Modulation of Living Cell Behavior with Ultra‐Low Fouling Polymer Brush Interfaces
Authors: Víšová Ivana , Smolková Barbora , Uzhytchak Mariia , Vrabcová Markéta , Zhigunova Yulia , Houska Milan , Surman František , de los Santos Pereira Andres , Lunov Oleg , Dejneka Alexandr , Vaisocherová‐Lísalová Hana
Published: February 2020

Ultra‐low fouling and functionalizable coatings represent emerging surface platforms for various analytical and biomedical applications such as those involving examination of cellular interactions in their native environments. Ultra‐low fouling surface platforms as advanced interfaces enabling modulation of behavior of living cells via tuning surface physicochemical properties are presented and studied. The state‐of‐art ultra‐low fouling surface‐grafted polymer brushes of zwitterionic poly(carboxybetaine acrylamide), nonionic poly(N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide), and random copolymers of carboxybetaine methacrylamide (CBMAA) and HPMAA [p(CBMAA‐co‐HPMAA)] with tunable molar contents of CBMAA and HPMAA are employed. Using a model Huh7 cell line, a systematic study of surface wettability, swelling, and charge effects on the cell growth, shape, and cytoskeleton distribution is performed. This study reveals that ultra‐low fouling interfaces with a high content of zwitterionic moieties (>65 mol%) modulate cell behavior in a distinctly different way compared to coatings with a high content of nonionic HPMAA. These differences are attributed mostly to the surface hydration capabilities. The results demonstrate a high potential of carboxybetaine‐rich ultra‐low fouling surfaces with high hydration capabilities and minimum background signal interferences to create next‐generation bioresponsive interfaces for advanced studies of living objects.
Inter‐Individual Variation in Cancer and Cardiometabolic Health Outcomes in Response to Coffee Consumption: A Critical Review
Authors: Visser Edith , Geleijnse Johanna M. , de Roos Baukje
Published: February 2020

Scope

Coffee is associated with a lower risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes at the population level. However, individual susceptibility to the effects of coffee consumption will cause heterogeneity in health responses between individuals. In this critical review determinants of inter‐individual variability in cancer and cardiometabolic health outcomes in response to coffee and caffeine consumption are systematically evaluated.

Methods and results

Embase and MEDLINE are searched for observational studies and clinical trials that examined variation in the response to coffee consumption. A total of 74 studies meet the inclusion criteria, which report variation in cancer (n = 24) and cardiometabolic health (n = 50) outcomes. The qualitative analysis shows that sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol intake, menopausal status, and genetic polymorphisms are probable or possible determinants of inter‐individual variability in cancer and cardiometabolic health outcomes in response to coffee and caffeine consumption, albeit the majority of studies have insufficient statistical power to detect significant interaction between these factors and coffee consumption.

Conclusion

Several genetic and non‐genetic determinants of inter‐individual variability in the responses to coffee and caffeine consumption are identified, indicating that some of the health benefits of coffee may only occur in a subgroup of subjects.
Slot antenna miniaturization by loading dumbbell‐shaped slots and strips, square‐shaped loops, and shorting vias
Authors: Karmokar Debabrata K. , Chen Shu‐Lin
Published: February 2020

A technique to miniaturize the size of a slot antenna is presented. Square‐shaped loops, dumbbell‐shaped slots, and strips together with small circular patches and shorting vias are loaded on the two ends of the main radiating slot for the antenna miniaturization. A step‐by‐step analysis of miniaturizing the antenna is provided. It is shown here that the antenna can be miniaturized, that is, the resonance frequency is lowered, by over 56% using this technique. This antenna is realized into a prototype, and the size reduction is verified experimentally.
Simultaneous voxel‐based magnetic susceptibility and morphometry analysis using magnetization‐prepared spoiled turbo multiple gradient echo
Authors: Kan Hirohito , Uchida Yuto , Arai Nobuyuki , Ueki Yoshino , Aoki Toshitaka , Kasai Harumasa , Kunitomo Hiroshi , Hirose Yasujiro , Matsukawa Noriyuki , Shibamoto Yuta
Published: February 2020

This study aimed to develop and test a simultaneous acquisition and analysis pipeline for voxel‐based magnetic susceptibility and morphometry (VBMSM) on a single dataset using young volunteers, elderly healthy volunteers, and an Alzheimer's disease (AD) group. 3D T1‐weighted and multi‐echo phase images for VBM and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) were simultaneously acquired using a magnetization‐prepared spoiled turbo multiple gradient echo sequence with inversion pulse for QSM (MP‐QSM). The magnitude image was split into gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) and was spatially normalized. The susceptibility map was reconstructed from the phase images. The segmented image and susceptibility map were compared with those obtained from conventional multiple spoiled gradient echo (mGRE) and MP‐spoiled gradient echo (MP‐GRE) in healthy volunteers to validate the availability of MP‐QSM by numerical measurements. To assess the feasibility of the VBMSM analysis pipeline, voxel‐based comparisons of susceptibility and morphometry in MP‐QSM were conducted in volunteers with a bimodal age distribution, and in elderly volunteers and the AD group, using spatially normalized GM and WM volume images and a susceptibility map. GM/WM contrasts in MP‐QSM, MP‐GRE, and mGRE were 0.14 ± 0.011, 0.17 ± 0.015, and 0.045 ± 0.010, respectively. Segmented GM and WM volumes in the MP‐QSM closely coincided with those in the MP‐GRE. Region of interest analyses indicated that the mean susceptibility values in MP‐QSM were completely in agreement with those in mGRE. In an evaluation of the aging effect, a significant increase and decrease in susceptibility and volume were found by VBMSM in deep GM and WM, respectively. Between the elderly volunteers and the AD group, the characteristic susceptibility and volume changes in GM and WM were observed. The proposed MP‐QSM sequence makes it possible to acquire acceptable‐quality images for simultaneous analysis and determine brain atrophy and susceptibility distribution without image registration by using voxel‐based analyses.
Stay cool during power struggles
Authors: Hodges Dawn Z.
Published: February 2020

Once upon a time, I was the dean of an evening and weekend college at a small faith‐based university. We shared a building with the school of religion. I found myself in a power struggle with the faculty of religion. They held a lot of power at the university.
Do drug‐related safety warnings have the expected impact on drug therapy? A systematic review
Authors: Georgi Ulrike , Lämmel Julia , Datzmann Thomas , Schmitt Jochen , Deckert Stefanie
Published: February 2020

Purpose

The need for drug‐related safety warnings is undisputed, and their impact should also be evaluated. This systematic review investigates and assesses the impact of safety warnings on drug therapy.

Methods

Studies published in English between January 1998 and December 2018 were searched in EMBASE and MEDLINE, complemented by manual search. Randomised controlled trials, cohort studies with a before/after component, and case‐control studies were included, selected to predefined criteria, and assessed for their reporting and methodological quality.

Results

Out of 7454 references identified, 72 studies were included. A total of 28/72 (39%) studies described the impact of safety warnings on drug therapy as being effective, whereas 12/72 (17%) studies did not. Further, 26/72 (36%) studies described a partial implementation of the warnings (one part of the warning had an impact on drug therapy and another did not). Unintended effects were investigated in 6/72 (8%) studies.

While 34 (47%) studies examined safety warnings on psychotropic drugs using an interrupted time series (ITS) design (53%), a before/after (26%), and a time series design (21%), 38 (53%) studied other substances using an ITS design (34%), a before/after (40%), and a time series design (26%). The proportion of an effective impact on drug therapy was lower in the “psychotropic drugs” group (23%) than in the “others” group (53%).

Conclusion

Drug‐related safety warnings induce intended and unintended effects. The included studies are of broadly varying methodological quality. To better compare their effectiveness, studies should be conducted using standardised procedures.
Cover Image, Volume 69, Issue 3
Authors: Endo Takeshi , Sudo Atsushi
Published: February 2020

The cover image is based on the Mini‐Review Well‐defined, environment‐friendly synthesis of polypeptides based on phosgene‐free transformation of amino acids into urethane derivatives and their applications by Takeshi Endo et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.5952.

Cover image © Takeshi Endo Images.

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Registration of ‘S14‐15146GT’ soybean, a high‐yielding RR1 cultivar with high oil content and broad disease resistance and adaptation
Authors: Chen Pengyin , Shannon Grover , Scaboo Andrew , Crisel Melissa , Smothers Scotty , Clubb Michael , Selves Stewart , Vieira Caio Canella , Ali Md. Liakat , Mitchum Melissa Goellner , Nguyen Henry , Li Zenglu , Bond Jason , Meinhardt Clinton , Klepadlo Mariola , Li Shuxian , Mengistu Alemu , Robbins Robert T.
Published: February 2020

S14‐15146GT (Reg. no. CV‐534, PI 691841) is a late‐maturity group IV (relative maturity 4.6) indeterminate glyphosate‐tolerant soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivar developed and released by the University of Missouri Fisher Delta Research Center Soybean Breeding program. High global demand for soybean oil and US southern growers’ preference for taller soybean plants with early maturity led to the release of this cultivar. S14‐15146GT was evaluated in 130 environments across 10 states and showed high yield potential and wide adaptation in Missouri and other southern states. It is resistant to Phytophthora root rot, stem canker, sudden death syndrome, frogeye leaf spot, and charcoal rot. S14‐15146GT has white flowers, tawny pubescence, and tan pod walls. Seeds of S14‐15146GT have black hilum, yellow cotyledon, and intermediate luster. S14‐15146 GT seed averages 235.5 and 390.8 g kg−1 oil and protein content, respectively. The early maturity with the first‐generation Roundup Ready trait, high yield potential, high oil content, broad disease resistance package, and wide adaptation make S14‐15146GT an excellent choice for southern growers.
Front Cover
Authors: Wei Peng , Demaeght Peter , De Schutter Kristof , Grigoraki Linda , Labropoulou Vassiliki , Riga Maria , Vontas John , Nauen Ralf , Dermauw Wannes , Van Leeuwen Thomas
Published: February 2020

The front cover image is based on the Research Article Overexpression of an alternative allele of carboxyl/choline esterase 4 (CCE04) of Tetranychus urticae is associated with high levels of resistance to the keto‐enol acaricide spirodiclofen by Peng Wei et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.5627.

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Boron‐Doped Single‐Crystal Diamond Growth on Heteroepitaxial Diamond Substrate Using Microwave Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Kwak Taemyung , Lee Jonggun , Yoo Geunho , Shin Heejin , Choi Uiho , So Byeongchan , Kim Seongwoo , Nam Okhyun
Published: February 2020

Boron‐doped diamond layers are grown on freestanding heteroepitaxial diamond substrates by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) to verify the high potential of large‐size heteroepitaxial diamond as an ultimate semiconductor material. Due to the high crystallinity and atomically flat surface morphology of the substrate, the MPCVD‐grown boron‐doped diamond layer exhibit excellent surface properties and crystallinity, as measured by X‐ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. The temperature‐dependent Hall effect measurements are conducted at temperature ranges between 300–800 K with cloverleaf‐shaped van der Pauw geometry. The hole concentration of boron‐doped diamond samples is between 1.1 × 1015 and 5 × 1019 cm−3 at room temperature, and the resistivity is controlled between 10−1 and 20 Ω cm by changing boron to carbon ratio. A specific contact resistance as low as 1.41 × 10−4 Ω cm2 is obtained via annealing at 500 °C. The activation energy of the boron‐doped diamond layers is reduced from 0.35 to 0.12 eV as the amount of boron dopant increases, which is attributed to the formation of impurity band. Finally, the change in the carrier mobility of boron‐doped heteroepitaxial diamond is discussed based on the scattering mechanism.