bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Graphic facilitation, sketchnoting, journalism and ‘The Doodle Revolution’: New dimensions in comics scholarship
Authors: Mendonça Penelope
Published: November 2016

‘Live visual recording’ refers to the act of drawing a visual record in real time, combining words with imagery, in order to represent the content (and sometimes the visual characteristics) of an event, discussion or process. The most notable examples of this are sketchnoting and graphic facilitation. Graphic facilitation, which seeks to promote active participation, is mostly a professional field, and has been practised for decades within the corporate, independent and public sectors, whereas ‘sketchnoting’ is a relatively new term, describing an increasingly popular method, typically undertaken largely on an amateur basis. Context is crucial for understanding. While the outputs from different live visual recording practices can look similar visually, the environment in which they are produced, and the method used to create them, may differ significantly. For example, because there is a certain appeal that comes with watching people draw by hand, or with seeing a large, colourful, witty poster suddenly appear, it is tempting to think that a recording represents ‘quality’, when in fact its content may not reflect the key ideas discussed. Likewise an apparently ‘poorly drawn’ live visual record may in fact represent careful listening, and include highly sophisticated processing, art and design. Complexity and skill can be missed, or misunderstood: therefore, it is necessary to go beyond aesthetic or formal analysis, and consider the conditions under which work is produced and, if relevant, commissioned. This article will consider the benefits and disadvantages of sketchnoting, and contrast these with the more methodologically grounded field of graphic facilitation. It will refer to examples of both emanating from UK comics scholarship and public sector contexts, and conclude by offering thoughts regarding future opportunities and challenges. In so doing, the hope is to deepen our understanding of what is, in the academy, a relatively under-examined area. (Note: The author is a professional graphic facilitator, and some examples will refer to her work.) (This discussion will be of relevance to graphic facilitators, visual practitioners, sketchnoting enthusiasts, artists, cartoonists and comics scholars: however, it may also be of interest to other researchers and artists, and those who seek to employ creative, visual methodologies in order to successfully engage groups of people, communities, organizations and partnerships).
Sonny Liew interview
Authors: Smith Philip
Published: November 2016

Sonny Liew is a Singaporean comic book creator and painter. He is an important figure both in Singaporean comics and as a prominent representative of a minority group within the American comic book industry. He has worked with Disney, First Second, Marvel, and DC. His most famous works include the Eisnernominated Shadow Hero (2014) with Gene Luen Yang, Dr Fate (2015), Malinky Robot (2011), and, most recently, The Art of Charlie Chan Hock Chye (2016). The latter work, famously, had its funding publically withdrawn by the Singapore’s National Arts Council. Sonny has a distinctive artistic style. His works often engage with both Singaporean politics and the place for Asian creators and characters in American comics. I communicated with Sonny by e-mail in March 2016.
‘Powers of a squirrel, and also a girl’: Squirrel Girl and alternatives for women in superhero comic-books – an interview with Ryan North
Authors: Goodrum Michael
Published: November 2016

Ryan North is a Canadian author who writes a host of comics, most notably Dinosaur Comics (www.qwantz.com, 2003-present), Adventure Time (2012–2014, winner of both an Eisner and a Harvey Award), The Midas Flesh (2013) and The Unbeatable Squirrel Girl (R. North and E. Henderson, 2015). North is also the creator of To Be Or Not To Be (2013), a choose-your-own-adventure version of Hamlet funded through Kickstarter, published as a book and also as a computer game. North has recently followed this with Romeo And/Or Juliet (2016).
Sorcerers and supreme chiefs: René Lévesque and Pierre Elliott Trudeau in the Bojoual Le Huron Kébékois series
Authors: Kennedy Harriet
Published: November 2016

The 1970s in Quebec is often referred to as the Springtime of Québécois Bande Dessinée. Following the so-called Quiet Revolution of the 1960s, a period of intense social change and modernization, the decade saw Québécois creators and publishers seek to create a distinctly Québécois incarnation of the Bande Dessinée form. Groups of creators sprang up throughout the province and publishers sought Québécois creators to help them capture for themselves contemporary interest in imported titles. Bojoual le Huron Kébékois (1973) by J. Guilemay is a Québécois version of Astérix that attempts to use the form, style and content of Goscinny and Uderzo’s albums to make something that is at once familiar to a reader of comics but also distinctly Québécois in tone. Populated by characters inspired by contemporary political figures such as Jean Drapeau, hapless Mayor of Montreal, these albums give insights not only in the development of the BD form in Quebec but also the contemporary political situation. This article will address Guilemay’s depictions of René Lévesque, leader of the pro-independence Parti Québécois and Pierre Elliott Trudeau. It will also address why their appearance in this BD aimed at a young audience is so significant for the contemporary political situation. Following their victory in the 1976 provincial elections the Parti Québécois became a crucial voice of opposition within the province. A referendum on Quebec sovereignty became inevitable and so Trudeau and Lévesque were positioned in opposition to one another as assumed leaders of the Yes and No campaigns. This relationship was echoed in the comics produced before and during the referendum campaign and this paper will explore the significance of these comics and the depictions of Trudeau and Lévesque via a close reading of the three Bojoual albums and the political background to their production.
The changing pages of comics: Page layouts across eight decades of American superhero comics
Authors: Pederson Kaitlin , Cohn Neil
Published: November 2016

Page layouts are one of the most overt features of comics’ structure. We hypothesized that American superhero comics have changed in their page layout over eight decades, and investigated this using a corpus analysis of 40 comics from 1940 through 2014. On the whole, we found that comics pages decreased in their use of grid-type layouts over time, with an increase in various non-grid features. We interpret these findings as indicating that page layouts moved away from conventional grids and towards a ‘decorative’ treatment of the page as a whole canvas. Overall, our analysis shows the benefit of empirical methods for the study of the visual language of comics.
Eidolon: The technological body
Authors: Hood Beverley
Published: November 2016

This article presents my creative research to date at the Scottish Centre for Simulation & Clinical Human Factors (SCSCHF), Forth Valley Royal Hospital, Larbert, Scotland. The SCSCHF is a state-of the-art professional training facility, undertaking simulation-based medical education for medical students, nurses and professionals. It boasts a range of mid- and high-fidelity training manikins, embodied with physical responses, such as pulse, breath, tears and voice, accommodated within two multipurpose simulation suites representing clinical hospital locations. These suites create an extraordinary psychological fidelity for the trainees, resulting in a profound level of conviction and commitment by participants, to the simulated scenarios they experience. I have been investigating the emotive and psychological potential of SCSCHF’s manikins as a core construct for a live participatory performance in progress entitled Eidolon. Developed through collaboration between interdisciplinary partners, for the unique setting of the SCSCHF simulation suites, the Eidolon live performance intertwines manikins, medical professionals, simulation technicians, professional performers and audience. This article considers the technological body of the manikin within the Eidolon performance through an eclectic and broad lens including zombie culture, phenomenology, the uncanny and Activity Theory.
Co-evolution, neo-cybernetic emergence and phenomenologies of ambiguity: Towards a framework for understanding interactive arts experiences
Authors: Castellanos Carlos
Published: November 2016

This article provides an overview of research into how certain forms of interactive art, what I call the ‘emergent arts’, facilitate or amplify a construction of a reality that is active, dynamic, collaborative and co-evolutionary with our increasingly technologized environment. By examining these artworks and experiences via the interlocking frames of cybernetics, phenomenology and posthumanist thought, this research articulates the movement towards a framework that fuses theoretical and experiential modes of enquiry to provide insights relevant to both interactive artists and humanities scholars. I will discuss two primary components of this framework. The first is a taxonomical model that outlines a number of characteristics of new media and interactive arts practice that engage in processes that establish a foundation for the shifts in perceptual and embodied experience that I characterize as ‘symbiogenic’. The second major component is a sketching out of the conceptual basis of the symbiogenic framework, allowing us to go deeper into examining the dynamics of what I call co-evolution by outlining four theoretical concepts that I consider to be the cornerstone of what I call symbiogenic experiences in the emergent arts: ambiguity and unknowability, boundary, distributed intentionality and collectively emergent autonomy.
A personal encounter with the Universe
Authors: Aguilera Julieta
Published: November 2016

Engaging body gestures supports making sense of astronomical phenomena. We can hold a coin at arm’s length and look at its portrait to understand how small the Ultra Deep Field image is. We can zoom out from our solar system and galaxy at exponential speed, creating the illusion of shrinking space. Simulated left and right eye views are offset to enhance spatial depth; yet, in human scale, stereoscopy only works up to a few feet away. By adjusting scales we are sizing the Universe so that we can dance with galaxies. Tailoring space brings the Universe into our personal spaces.
Gamifying reality: How should history intersect with fantasy
Authors: Suvajdzic Marko
Published: November 2016

Video games provide a highly efficient mode of learning. As such considerable research has been performed in terms of their educational potential. However, most of the research to date has been focused on intentional learning. In other words the focus has been on the educational games that have been designed to be learning tools, whereas little to no attention has been paid to the games that are based on true events and are not intended as learning tools. Such games are indirect teachers. They provide historical content that is all too often taken for face value, while at the same time is not historically accurate. For many players, these games become the only source of knowledge on a particular topic. The events and characters experienced in the game are subconsciously yet directly accepted as truths. In this article, I intend to recreate parallel lines of reality between the historically correct interpretations and the media-told stories while at the same time posing the question of how do we know what really is historically correct?
Art as expanded thought of its infinitive potential
Authors: Jazbec Maša
Published: November 2016

Art that incorporates science is questioning our existence and by this means it is showing us a way forward. Art may as well have some meanings or messages, but what makes it art is not only its content but also its affects, the sensible force or style through which it produces the actual content, however much of it is mixed with other functions. The fact that we do produce styles and sensible affects in art discloses something about what our thinking can do – that our minds are not just machines intended for information or communication, but that we also possess the tools we produce desires and work with affectedness with.
Pulse Project: A sonic investigation across bodies, cultures and technologies
Authors: Lewis-King Michelle
Published: November 2016

This article introduces Pulse Project (2011–2016), a practice-led performance research study that explores an ecology of complex relations between art, humanities, medicine and technology. In this study, I embody transdisciplinary research practice itself through adopting the role of ‘acupuncturist-investigator’ and acting as an instrument or medium between myself and others and between cultural traditions for understanding and mediating the body and the embodiment of consciousness. Pulse ‘reading’, case histories, notations of pulses, i.e., readings of the ‘energetic’ body and algorithmic compositions are all used together as methods for exploring the cultural encounter between a creative producer, participants and diverse cultural/informational practices.
Non-anthropocentric creative mechanisms in multispecies symbiotic assemblages
Authors: Ivanova Nevena
Published: November 2016

‘So well established was the cliché which connected TB and creativity that at the end of the century one critic suggested that it was the progressive disappearance of TB which accounted for the current decline of literature and the arts’. Some biochemical evidence does indeed invite a hypothesis that M. tuberculosis originally joined the human holobiont as a brain evolution-enhancing endosymbiont, thus possibly contributing towards the development of human consciousness and creative potential. Exploring the complexity of mycobacteria’s entanglements within human corporeality leads us to questions that challenge anthropocentric conceptions of creativity in a twofold manner. As noted above, the tubercle bacillus forms machinic assemblages and operates as an endosymbiont with human bio-systems. It is possible that these endosymbiotic assemblages contribute towards human creativity and destabilize simple notions of its origin. In a double reflection, the concept of creativity itself could be revisited along alternative lines: it can no longer be considered only as the production of human cultural artefacts and experiences, but rather it can be understood as ubiquitous activity performed by heterogeneous highly dynamic machinic assemblages (comprising of human, animal, computational, social, molecular, bacterial, viral and other processes), which lead to the production of novel modes of existence.
Refounding legitimacy towards Aethogenesis
Authors: Auber Olivier
Published: November 2016

The fusion of humans and technology takes us into an unknown world, described by some authors as populated by quasi-living species that would relegate us – ordinary humans – to the rank of alienated agents, emptied of our identity and consciousness. I argue instead that our world is woven of simple, though invisible, perspectives, which – if we become aware of them – may renew our ability for making judgements and enhance our autonomy. I became aware of these invisible perspectives by observing and practicing a real-time collective net art experiment called the Poietic Generator. As the perspectives unveiled by this experiment are invisible, I have called them anoptical perspectives (i.e., non-optical), by analogy with the optical perspective of the Renaissance. Later, I have come to realize that these perspectives obtain their cognitive structure from the political origins of our language. Accordingly, it is possible to define certain cognitive criteria for assessing the legitimacy of the anoptical perspectives, just like some artists and architects of the Renaissance defined the geometrical criteria that established the legitimacy of the optical one.
Discussing five issues of post-material art
Authors: Kelomees Raivo
Published: November 2016

The classification presented here will condense into five categories the adjectives, concepts, artworks and topics of discussion that are related to ‘post-materiality’, understood here to mean those art practices that are related to artistic physicality in some shifted way by being objectless artworks or works beyond physicality. I present several elements that are related to the history and theoretical background of this question. The immateriality, dematerialization and non-materiality of art will be considered in the context of digital art and culture. We can follow artistic concepts related to immateriality in the late 1950s, discussions on dematerialization of art in the late 1960s and the appearance of ‘immateriality’ in the 1980s. ‘Immateriality’ emerges again in the early 1990s, this time in association with the digital environment, and has remained a much-discussed term and more of a metaphor up to the present since so-called immaterial digital art is in fact a labour-intensive and material-intensive sphere. In observing the experimental and theoretical activity around artistic technologies over the past 50 years, it is possible to discern two directions: first, dematerialization in the context of non-technological art, and second, immaterialization of the art object in the context of technological art.
From experiments in visualizing fractal theory to rethinking social networks as moistmedia
Authors: Chengkun Tang
Published: November 2016

The evolution of fractal theory can be traced through Leibniz’s attempts to understand the Recursion model in seventeenth century, the work of Karl Weierstrass and descriptions by Von Koch Helge (1904) and later visualization experiments by Benoît Mandelbro within the digital realm through computer technology. Selfsimilarity and Scale-free are manifested features of fractal theory. These features are also evident as emergent syncretic properties of contemporary social information communication behaviour. The attraction of fractal theory does not only provide a mapping of creature, universe, nature but also provides a path to deeply understand and probe the evolution and structure of human consciousness. Digital Social Media Networks can be seen to manifest properties that are reminiscent of what Ascott describes as a ‘moistmedia’. This article explores the tangible relationships between fractal theory and philosophy, its manifestation through digital visualizations and the moistmedia emergent properties of Social Media Networks. Put forward social media (Weibo) the moistmedia (mixed bio, nano, geo, psycho, etc.) in the dissemination of information evolution, with the fractal features of visualization, has formed a new Techneotic language of artistic expression, but also for our better understanding of political philosophy, social system operation rules to provide ways of thinking.
Senses to cultivate the collective consciousness: Physical theatre, an experimental approach to product design education
Authors: Maggio Tommaso
Published: November 2016

Consciousness and perception of reality are related to internal and external factors as the sum of collective and social interactions. Attila Grandpierre in his ‘The physics of collective consciousness’ underlined the prime role of performing arts quoting the words of Vekerdy, who said that theatrical artists especially in the ancient Japanese Noh Theatre have a great effect on audience in three ways: using words, hearing by movements, through seeing and the use of intense emotion. Generally in the design field the relation between user and the product is stressed; on the other hand, in the theatre field the ability to explore and underlining the social impact of a specific object or action is important. We might assume that each of us perceives the world differently according to the culture that we are a part of. The ancient Aristotle’s peripatetic School and the context of Zen Buddhism highlighted the senses and experimental knowledge as the first important tools to cultivate intellect. This article will describe an experimental blend created in Thailand between physical theatre and design education.
Re-constructing memory using quantized electronic music and a ‘Toridion byte’ quantum algorithm: Creating images using zero logic quantum probabilistic neural networks (ZLQNN)
Authors: Van De Bogart Willard , Forshaw Scot
Published: November 2016

Quantum theory applied to data analytics using a quantum computer has become the leading research endeavour to find a way to store and retrieve data using the nano-sized world of molecular structures. Much of the theorization that is applied to quantum computer development relies on a conceptual framework largely based on metaphors to understand the behaviour of sub-atomic elements within a quantum field. One aspect of the quantum field is the entanglement of elements, whereby behaviours of two distinct elements respond to change independent of their location. The Toridion quantum algorithm was used to scatter pre-recorded sound into frequency amplitudes within a simulated quantum computer environment. The sounds were composed by using quantum cognitive meta models for the creation of electronic music compositions. The Toridion Encoder creates highly compressed ‘glyphs’ of the sounds whilst simultaneously creating a probabilistic quantum neural network within the cyclic mental workspace of the computer. This article will explain how using a quantum compositional framework in composing electronic music orchestrations can aid in retrieving lost memories of either images or verbal expressions. The implications for exploring a quantum language (exo-language) formed by self-organizing principles in the quantum field and interpreted using the Toridion quantum algorithm’s search function will also be discussed.
The space of the subject: An étude
Authors: Nishina Wren
Published: November 2016

Space and spatiality had been a thorn in philosophy’s side from time immemorial. Spatiality, immediately associated with corporeality, finitude, even death, properly speaking constituted problems for philosophy; enigmas posed to philosophy to disrupt its cool complacency.

The root of the difficulty, it seems, rests on nothing more than a prejudice: the rightful domain of philosophy is time, understood as pure continuous duration, the image of eternity; the compartmentalised units of space are (always in the plural) the province of cartographers and geographers, but certainly not the philosopher, lost in his transcendent contemplation … What follows then is a preliminary study, or better an étude deploying variations on a single theme: how can we liberate space from the Cartesian grid under which it has been imprisoned for so long, so as to open up its free expanse? What might it be to think of space as a form of duration, without breaks, without borders, without boundaries? And in the last instance, is this pure void not another name for the very being of consciousness itself?
The effects of 8-week core training on the development of some motoric features among 18 year-old footballers
18 yaş grubu futbolcularda 8 haftalik merkez bölge (core) antrenmanlarının bazı motorik özelliklerin gelişimine etkisi
Authors: Afyon Yakup Akif , Boyacı Abdurrahman
Published: November 2016

The purpose of the present research is investigating the effects of core trainings on some motoric features (strength and speed) among 18 year-old footballers. In the present research, 20 experiment group (age =18 years, body weight =71,66±6,61 kg, height =171,75±5,86 cm) and 20 control group (age =18 years, body weight =70,66±5,74 kg, height =171,75±2,99 cm), the total of 40 certified footballers, who played in 2013-2014 season, participated in the present research.Before the trainings, pre-test scores (sit-up, push-up, plank, vertical jump, medicine ball throwing, 30 m speed) were recorded. 30-35 minute core trainings, 2 days a week, for 8 weeks were conducted on the control group in addition to their regular training. Control group participants followed their regular yearly training program. At the end of the trainings, post-test scores of both groups were recorded by two experts in the field in accordance with the protocol. In order to evaluate the effects of 8-week core trainings of the strength development of footballers, paired t test was utilized for in-group comparisons and independent samples t test was utilized for inter-group comparisons.Consequently, it was observed that 8-week core training in addition to football trainings contributed to the strength and speed development among footballers. Accordingly, core trainings can be advised for football trainers, who work for youth teams of football clubs. ÖzetBu araştırmanın amacı 18 yaş grubu futbolcularda bölgesel (core) antrenmanların bazı motorik özelliklerin (kuvvet ve sürat) gelişimine etkisinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmaya 2013-2014 sezonunda lisanslı olarak futbol oynayan 20 denek grubundan (yaş =18 yıl, vücut ağırlığı =71,66±6,61 kg, boy =171,75±5,86 cm) ve 20 kontrol grubundan (yaş =18 yıl, vücut ağırlığı =70,66±5,74 kg, boy =171,75±2,99 cm) olmak üzere 40 futbolcu katıldı.Antrenmanlar öncesi grupların ön testleri (mekik, şınav, plank, dikey sıçrama, sağlık topu fırlatma, 30 m. sürat) alındı. Deney grubuna normal antrenmanlarına ek olarak 8 hafta boyunca haftada 2 kez günde 30-35 dk. core antrenmanlar uygulandı. Kontrol grubuna ise yıllık antrenman programında yer alan olağan antrenmanlar uygulandı. Antrenmanlar sonunda grupların son test ölçümleri alanında uzman iki kişi tarafından protokole uygun bir şekilde alındı. 8 hafta boyunca uygulanan merkez bölge (core) antrenmanlarının futbolcuların kuvvet gelişimine etkisinin değerlendirilmesinde grup içi karşılaştırmalarda paired t testinden gruplar arası karşılaştırmalarda independent sample t testinden yararlanılmıştır.Sonuç olarak; futbol antrenmanlarına ek olarak uygulanacak 8 haftalık merkez bölge (core) antrenmanlarının futbolcuların kuvvet ve sürat gelişimine katkı sağladığı görüldü. Bu nedenle bölgesel (core) antrenman alt yapılarda çalışan futbol antrenörlerine önerilebilir.
A New “Vision”: Early Works of Ahmad Aali and the Emergence of Fine Art Photography in Iran (1960s–1970s)
Authors: Helbig Elahe
Published: November 2016

This article explores the emergence of fine art photography in Iran during the 1960s and 1970s, bringing to the fore the significance of Ahmad Aali and his early photographic works for this transformation. It sheds light on the confluence of the main trajectories that paved the way for the formation of fine art photography in Iran, firstly by exploring historical practices of photography, secondly by addressing the influences of transforming political and social agendas after World War II on photographic developments, and finally by underlining the involvement of photography in the artistic sphere of that time. Central to the latter is Aali’s contribution to theoretical discourses about photography as an artistic medium and the major role he played in the first photographic exhibitions in art spaces. In that perspective, this article argues for the pivotal role of Ahmad Aali in bridging the gap between photography and art for the first time in Iran’s long history of photography. It analyses Aali’s photographic works exhibited during the 1960s and 1970s to comprehend the circumstances of the emergence of fine art photography in Iran, and does so by discussing the modernist aesthetics in photography that emerged at the time. Going beyond Aali’s regional importance, it examines his conceptual approaches to overcoming the ‘static realism’ and the limitations of the medium. Aali’s novel photographic concepts of space and time that emerged therefrom should be accorded their full autonomy and uniqueness in the (re-)writing of a narrative of art history on their very premises. This article thereby seeks to support a critique of the narrow epistemological boundaries of the discipline of art history and its resulting marginalization of locally developed art forms and concepts.
To the theory of modeling of electric power and
electric contact systems
Authors: Kalimoldayev Maksat N. , Jenaliyev Muvasharkhan T.
Published: November 2016

This study evaluated questions of optimum control
solution of ordinary differential equations’ nonlinear
system which in particular, describes control processes of
electric power systems. Conducted numerical experiments
have shown sufficient efficiency of the implemented algorithms.
It has been shown that essential feature of heating
conditions in contact space occur in the moment of contact
closure or contact breaking, which has t−1/2 order.
Sample Size for Assessing Agreement between Two Methods of Measurement by Bland−Altman Method
Authors: Lu Meng-Jie , Zhong Wei-Hua , Liu Yu-Xiu , Miao Hua-Zhang , Li Yong-Chang , Ji Mu-Huo
Published: November 2016

The Bland–Altman method has been widely used for assessing agreement between two methods of measurement. However, it remains unsolved about sample size estimation. We propose a new method of sample size estimation for Bland–Altman agreement assessment. According to the Bland–Altman method, the conclusion on agreement is made based on the width of the confidence interval for LOAs (limits of agreement) in comparison to predefined clinical agreement limit. Under the theory of statistical inference, the formulae of sample size estimation are derived, which depended on the pre-determined level of
α
, β, the mean and the standard deviation of differences between two measurements, and the predefined limits. With this new method, the sample sizes are calculated under different parameter settings which occur frequently in method comparison studies, and Monte-Carlo simulation is used to obtain the corresponding powers. The results of Monte-Carlo simulation showed that the achieved powers could coincide with the pre-determined level of powers, thus validating the correctness of the method. The method of sample size estimation can be applied in the Bland–Altman method to assess agreement between two methods of measurement.
Laparoscopic antegrade cholecystectomy: a standard procedure?
Authors: Tartaglia Nicola , Cianci Pasquale , Di Lascia Alessandra , Fersini Alberto , Ambrosi Antonio , Neri Vincenzo
Published: November 2016

Retrograde approach (“fundus first”) is often used in open surgery, while in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is less frequent. LC, with antegrade access, is done by putting in traction the infundibulum and going up to the fundus before to clip the cystic. Our study analyzes a number of surgical procedures performed by experienced surgeons in laparoscopy.

From 2002 to 2015, 1740 laparoscopic cholecystectomies were performed at our Institution. The operative procedure performed since 2002 consists of the incision of the visceral peritoneum from the infundibulum away from Calot’s triangle along the gallbladder bed up to the fundus. Then it continues from the fundus up to the infundibulum.

Results: There were no bile duct injuries. Average operative time was 40 min. 22 conversions to an open procedure (1.3%) occurred, in cases of acute cholecystitis and cirrhotic patient. Postoperative stay was mean 2 days with no delayed sequelae on follow up.

Conclusions: gallbladder antegrade dissection for laparoscopic cholecystectomy can reduce the time of surgery and is an easier technique to perform. Therefore, it can be proposed as the standard procedure and not only be used for difficult cholecystectomies.
Native and non-native listeners’ sensitivity to English onset restrictions and universal onset markedness
Authors: Lee Shinsook
Published: November 2016

Language-specific phonotactic restrictions modulate the perception of L1 and L2 sound structures. However, sonority-driven onset markedness is also known to affect listeners’ perception of onset clusters; onsets of large sonority distances elicit more accurate perception than those of small sonority distances (e.g.,
Reliability and Adaptability of Religious Beliefs in the Light of Cognitive Science of Religion
Authors: Szocik Konrad
Published: November 2016

Cognitive approach towards the study of religion is a good and promising way. However, I think that this approach is too narrow and it would be better to use some basic concepts of CSR as a starting point for further, not cognitive explanation of religious. I suppose that religious beliefs should be explained also by their pragmatic functions because they were probably always associated with some pragmatic purposes at the group or at the individual levels. To develop further this last approach, the good explanatory way is the evolutionary study of religion.
Asertivnost u knjižničnom okruženju
Authors: Lukačević Srđan , Petr Balog Kornelija , Pađen Farkaš Dubravka
Published: November 2016

Rad daje prikaz rezultata istraživanja Gradske i sveučilišne knjižnice Osijek na temu komunikacijskih znanja i vještina potrebnih za provedbu kvalitetne komunikacije u knjižnicama. Asertivna komunikacija opisuje se kao sredstvo koje može pridonijeti pozitivnoj percepciji knjižnice u javnosti. Govori o potrebi knjižničara za stjecanjem znanja o komunikacijskim vještinama u svrhu što boljeg predstavljanja knjižnice kao kulturne ustanove, njezinih usluga, projekata i promicanja službi koje djeluju unutar knjižnice. Sve navedeno potkrepljuje se istraživanjem koje je provedeno putem mrežne ankete na Facebook-društvenoj mreži 2012. godine. Vrednovane su komunikacijske vještine djelatnika Gradske i sveučilišne knjižnice Osijek, a s ciljem otkrivanja mogućih problema u komunikaciji s korisnicima te osiguravanja što bolje i kvalitetnije komunikacije/usluge knjižnice u budućnosti.
Proces stjecanja znanja kao problem informacijskih znanosti
Authors: Bosančić Boris
Published: November 2016

Kroz perspektivu osobitoga, problemskog stajališta, u radu je dan osvrt na nekoliko problema informacijskih znanosti koji se eksplicite spominju u literaturi. Riječ je o problemima informacijske eksplozije i informacijske poplave te poplave podataka, zatim informacijskog pretraživanja i relevantnosti informacija te, na koncu, problemu znanstvene komunikacije. Svrha je rada obrazložiti zašto se i način stjecanja znanja, implementiran odgovarajućim procesom, može smatrati problemom informacijskih znanosti. U skladu s tim, postojeća teorijska osnova u okviru same informacijske znanosti – DIKW-hijerarhija – utemeljena na njezinim ključnim pojmovima – podatku, informaciji, znanju i mudrosti, u radu se prepoznaje kao simbolički prikaz i teorijsko utemeljenje procesa stjecanja znanja. Štoviše, čini se da je veza između DIKW-hijerarhije i procesa stjecanja znanja od ključne važnosti za čvršće utemeljenje informacijske znanosti u 'tijelu' sveukupnog ljudskog znanja. Nadalje, dan je osvrt na povijest čovjekova i strojnog stjecanja znanja te iznesen prijedlog da DIKW-hijerarhija zauzme mjesto simbola općeg načina stjecanja znanja, koji bi se u jednakoj mjeri mogao odnositi na čovjekovo i strojno stjecanje znanja. Za ostvarenje tog cilja, temeljem iznesenih kritika, nužno je izmijeniti postojeći koncept DIKW-hijerarhije. Odgovarajuća izmjena koncepta DIKW-hijerarhije (od kojih je jedna u radu i spomenuta) mogla bi imati za posljedicu znatno čvršće teorijsko utemeljenje procesa stjecanja znanja, kao i informacijske znanosti u cjelini.Na kraju rada obrazložene su i teorijske pretpostavke na kojima se proces stjecanja znanja može zasnovati kao problem informacijskih znanosti. Proces stjecanja znanja nužno ne mora biti predmetom epistemologije; kao takav može ostvariti čvršću vezu između pojmova podatka i znanja; nadalje, može se rabiti u kontekstu znanstveno-istraživačkog rada, ali na primitivnijoj razini od one na kojoj se provode znanstvene metode; osim toga, njegov opis, za razliku od drugih problema informacijske znanosti, nužno uključuje sva četiri DIKW-koncepta, a njegovo rješenje može voditi potpunijoj informacijskoj teoriji, odnosno teoriji informacija.
Maintenance of Heterochromatin by the Large Subunit of the CAF-1 Replication-Coupled Histone Chaperone Requires Its Interaction with HP1a Through a Conserved Motif
Authors: Roelens Baptiste , Clémot Marie , Leroux-Coyau Mathieu , Klapholz Benjamin , Dostatni Nathalie
Published: November 2016

In eukaryotic cells, the organization of genomic DNA into chromatin regulates many biological processes, from the control of gene expression to the regulation of chromosome segregation. The proper maintenance of this structure upon cell division is therefore of prime importance during development for the maintenance of cell identity and genome stability. The chromatin assembly factor 1 (CAF-1) is involved in the assembly of H3-H4 histone dimers on newly synthesized DNA and in the maintenance of a higher order structure, the heterochromatin, through an interaction of its large subunit with the heterochromatin protein HP1a. We identify here a conserved domain in the large subunit of the CAF-1 complex required for its interaction with HP1a in the Drosophila fruit fly. Functional analysis reveals that this domain is dispensable for viability but participates in two processes involving heterochromatin: position-effect variegation and long range chromosomal interactions during meiotic prophase. Importantly, the identification in the large subunit of CAF-1 of a domain required for its interaction with HP1 allows the separation of its functions in heterochromatin-related processes from its function in the assembly of H3-H4 dimers onto newly synthesized DNA.
Drift Barriers to Quality Control When Genes Are Expressed at Different Levels
Authors: Xiong Kun , McEntee Jay P , Porfirio David J , Masel Joanna
Published: November 2016

Gene expression is imperfect, sometimes leading to toxic products. Solutions take two forms: globally reducing error rates, or ensuring that the consequences of erroneous expression are relatively harmless. The latter is optimal, but because it must evolve independently at so many loci, it is subject to a stringent “drift barrier”—a limit to how weak the effects of a deleterious mutation s can be, while still being effectively purged by selection, expressed in terms of the population size N of an idealized population such that purging requires s < −1/N. In previous work, only large populations evolved the optimal local solution, small populations instead evolved globally low error rates, and intermediate populations were bistable, with either solution possible. Here, we take into consideration the fact that the effectiveness of purging varies among loci, because of variation in gene expression level, and variation in the intrinsic vulnerabilities of different gene products to error. The previously found dichotomy between the two kinds of solution breaks down, replaced by a gradual transition as a function of population size. In the extreme case of a small enough population, selection fails to maintain even the global solution against deleterious mutations, explaining the nonmonotonic relationship between effective population size and transcriptional error rate that was recently observed in experiments on Escherichia coli, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Buchnera aphidicola.
Aplicación de técnicas multivariadas en el análisis del Clima Organizacional de una Municipalidad en Costa Rica
Authors: Morera Vargas Ileana , Zúñiga Arias Guillermo , Ávila Artavia Alejandra
Published: November 2016

Este artículo presenta un análisis; a partir de técnicas multivariadas; para determinar las variables prioritarias de intervención de un estudio de clima organizacional realizado en el 2013 en una Municipalidad en Costa Rica.  El estudio inicial consistió en una descripción general de la percepción de variables que influyen en el clima organizacional de la misma, donde se analizaron 8 variables agrupadas en 3 dimensiones y recomendaciones para cada una de ellas.Los resultados del análisis con técnicas multivariadas mostraron que la Municipalidad en estudio, si desea mejorar su clima debe priorizar y fortalecer acciones y recursos en las dimensiones de “Estructura, Procedimientos y Funciones” y “Motivación y Compromiso”; específicamente en las variables “Comunicación” y “Compromiso e Identidad”.  Además, debe considerar que los puestos de jefatura confieren mayor valor a la variable “Compromiso” que los otros puestos y el personal con más de cinco años de laborar en la institución a la variable “desafío y recompensa”.Se concluyó que el empleo de técnicas multivariadas muestra tendencias específicas que aportan al estudio inicial insumos para la definición de prioridades. En el caso de estudio los resultados del análisis multivariado indicaron que para el mejoramiento del clima organizacional, la Municipalidad debe orientarse, en primera instancia; a la planificación de estrategias para el mejoramiento organizacional según los hallazgos del análisis.  Esto resulta fundamental para la definición y orientación presupuestaria e implementación de las acciones propuestas en el estudio primario.
Migración y acceso a servicios de salud: El caso de la población mexicana residente en Minnesota, EEUU
Authors: Pardo Montaño Ana Melisa , Dávila Cervantes Claudio Alberto
Published: November 2016

El objetivo de esta investigación es presentar un panorama general del acceso a los servicios de salud de inmigrantes mexicanos residentes en Estados Unidos, en particular en Minnesota. Primero se exponen los datos generales acerca de la población mexicana residente en ese país y estado, desagregando el acceso a la seguridad médica y el uso de los servicios de salud por parte de la población en estudio. Enseguida se analiza el caso de la población mexicana en Minnesota. Se finaliza reseñando algunos de los mecanismos de acceso a la salud que están disponibles para los migrantes en ese destino. Se han utilizado las estadísticas más recientes del Consejo Nacional de Población (México), la National Health Interview Survey (2009-2011) y el National Healthcare Disparities Report (2012); además de entrevistas semiestructuradas que se realizaron en Minnesota con inmigrantes y representantes de organizaciones de apoyo de esta población.
Impacto en la sociedad del desarrollo del proyecto integrado del cultivo de vainilla orgánica en sistemas agroforestales, y su vinculación al sector agroalimentario
Authors: Paniagua-Vásquez Amelia , Azofeifa José Bernal
Published: November 2016

La vainilla es la orquídea económicamente más importante del mundo. Por este motivo, a partir del 2006, el objetivo de la Universidad Nacional, a través de este proyecto fue la implementación de modelos de desarrollo agrarios en sistemas agroforestales (SAF) en regiones socioeconómicamente vulnerables de Costa Rica. Dentro de los principales resultados de esta iniciativa destacan: formación y legalización de la Asociación de Vainilleros Unidos de Costa Rica (APROVAINILLA); curso anual sobre aspectos generales del cultivo de vainilla en SAF con participantes nacionales e internacionales; realización del Primer Seminario Internacional de Vainilla; acceso a fondos del Consejo Nacional para Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICIT); Fundación para el Fomento y Promoción de la Investigación y Transferencia de Tecnología Agropecuaria en Costa Rica (FITTACORI); Fondo Especial de Educación Superior (FEES); Fondo Institucional de Desarrollo Económico (FIDA) y Fondo Universitario para el Desarrollo Regional (FUNDER); creación del I Banco de Germoplasma del género Vanilla en Costa Rica; alianzas científicas con el Centro de Cooperación Internacional en Investigación Agronómica para el Desarrollo (CIRAD-Francia); participación estudiantil de diversas carreras del TEC, UNA, UCR, UNED para la realización de tesis de grado y posgrado; producción del documental “Vainilla en Costa Rica”; capacitación de productores en manejo y selección de semilla de vainilla; día de campo por año con productores, estudiantes y miembros de las comunidades; charlas sobre productos no maderables del bosque; participación en seminarios y congresos nacionales e internacionales; exportación de plantas in vitro; publicaciones científicas; obtención de pasaportes científicos. Las experiencias acumuladas en las áreas de extensión, investigación y docencia, las condiciones agroecológicas de Costa Rica, así como el diverso material genético existente abren la posibilidad de desarrollar modelos productivos basados en la agricultura orgánica y, quizá, en el mediano y largo plazo el país podría convertirse en un exportador comercial de vainilla gourmet a nivel mundial.
„Būna keistų suartėjimų“ (Smulkmenos iš komentatoriaus atminties klodų – 2)
Authors: Федута Александр
Published: November 2016

Straipsnyje analizuojami siužetų ir įvaizdžių sutapimai, pasirodantys tiek suaugusiųjų, tiek vaikų auditorijai skirtuose klasikiniuose tekstuose: Aleksandro Puškino, Nikolajaus Gogolio, Faddejaus Bulgarino, Aleksandro Ostrovskio, Jochano Joachimo Vinkelmano, Aleksandro Diuma, Аdomo Mickevičiaus, Tomašo Kajetano Vengerskio, Maksimo Gorkio, Aleksanro Bloko, Maksimiliano Vološino, Vsevolodo Ivanovo, Vitalijaus Gubarevo, Eduardo Uspenskio kūriniuose.Kai kuriais atvejais sutapimų negalima paaiškinti tuo, kad vienas rašytojas skaitė kito kūrinius, arba kad nėra tiesioginių įrodymų, jog vienas autorius buvo susipažinęs su kito autoriaus tekstais. Teigiama, kad atitikmenys ir sutapimai aiškintini vaizduojamų situacijų tipologiniu artumu arba abiems kūriniams bendru prototekstu.
Apie Motiejaus Miškinio straipsnį „Realistas metafizikas“
Authors: Варлашина Маргарита
Published: November 2016

Straipsnyje aptariama Motiejaus Miškinio teksto „Realistas metafizikas“ (1931) genezė; analizuojamos su vertimu į rusų kalbą susijusios problemos. Konstatuojama, kad lietuvių kritiko pateiktai Dostojevskio kūrybos interpretacijai būdinga savasties ir svetimybės (savo ir svetimo) samplaika. Teigiama, kad Miškinio interpretacijai esminės įtakos turėjo rusų filosofo Nikolajaus Berdiajevo knyga Dostojevskio pasaulėvaizdis (1923): šiame veikale lietuvių kritikas rado idėjas, atitikusias jo paties didžiojo rusų rašytojo kūrybos supratimą. Miškinis į Dostojevskio kūrybą žvelgia per (1) religinę ir (2) istorinę politinę prizmę. Miškinio atlikta Berdiajevo teksto transformacija apibūdinama kaip adaptacija (perkeitimas ir pritaikymas), skirta moksleivijai, tuometiniam adresatui.Straipsnyje aptariamos kai kurios Miškinio teksto vertimo į rusų kalbą problemos, susijusios su jam būdingu bruožu – skoliniais. Detaliai analizuojami Miškinio savinimosi dviejų Berdiajevo žodžių (экстатический, первородство) atvejai, pateikiama jų vertimo sklaida. Taip pat aptariamas Dostojevskio citatų pateikimo Miškinio interpretacijoje savitumas (perfrazavimas), jų pritaikymas siūlomai interpretacijai. Vertimo kaip savinimosi („darymo savu“) analizė patvirtina Hanso-Georgo Gadamerio mintį, kad „kiekvienas vertėjas yra interpretatorius“.
Dingęs Lietuvos rusų poezijos pasaulis (Vitalijaus Asovskio eilėraščių rinkinio „Eilėraščiai apie žmogų proga“)
Authors: Орал Таисия
Published: November 2016

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В черном-черном кабинете черный-черный человек...
Authors: Федута Александр
Published: November 2016

[В. С. Измозик. «Черные кабинеты»: История российской перлюстрации XVIII – начала ХХ века. Москва: Новое литературное обозрение, 2015. 696 с.]
Навстречу неизведанному
Authors: Грейцюн Виолетта
Published: November 2016

[«Мир фантастики», 2015. №№ 1–12. Москва: ООО «Игромедиа»]