bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF BASIC LIFE ASSISTANCE TRAINING (BHD) ON MOTIVATION AND DEMEANOUR OF CLASS XI STUDENTS IN RESCUING TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IN SMA NEGERI 2 TENGGARONG
Authors: Imamah Indah Nur , Rizal Alfi Ari Fakhrur , Milkhatun Milkhatun Kalimantan
Published: August 2020

Traffic accidents are one of the public health problems that affect all sectors of life. The phenomenon of traffic accidents so far has not received much public attention as a cause of death. The increase in mortality rates that occur on the highway is very high and quite a concern and vigilance for the community. This usually happens one of them because the Indonesian people do not know how to help victims who are good and right when finding victims. As a result most of actions is wrong, so  it can add to injury and  death. This study aims to determine the effect of basic life support (BLS) training on the motivation and demeanour of class XI students in rescuing  traffic accidents in SMA Negeri 2 Tenggarong. This study uses a quasy experimental method of pre and post design with a control group. Proportional stratified random sampling technique with a sample of 78 students and data collection using a questionnaire sheet. Data that was analyzed by paired t test in each group showed a p-value of 0,000 <0.05, meaning that there was a statistically change in motivation and attitude between before and after treatment in the form of BLS training for class XI students at SMAN 2 Tenggarong.  The result is not much different from the independent t test which showed p-value 0,000 <0.05, which means there is a statistically different demeanour between the difference before and after treatment in the form of BLS training in the control and intervention groups. The results showed that there was a statistically significant change in motivation and demeanour between before and after the BLS training was given to the motivation and demeanour of class XI students at SMAN 2 Tenggarong with a p-value of 0,000 <0.05.
The Relation Between Anxiety and Nurses’ Performance at Atma Husada Mahakam Hospital, Samarinda
Authors: Damaiyanti Mukhripah
Published: August 2020

Nurses working at the Mental Hospital are different from other section nurses, there are loads of nurses possessed anxieties when they treat mental patients and it disrupts their performance. Whereas, the nurse performance has a vital and strategic value that depicts the quality of service in the hospital. Baring that in mind, this study aims to determine the relationship of anxiety of nurses toward their performances of treating patients at Atma Husada Mahakam Mental Hospital, Samarinda. Using the Lameshow formula, this study obtains a sample size of 96 people. The sampling technique used is Stratified Random Sampling. This study data retrieval is in September - October 2017. The questionnaire used is The Six Dimension Scale of Nursing Performance (SDNS and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). Bivariate analysis conducted uses the Pearson Product Moment with a p-value of 0,000 with the correlation value of anxiety on nurse performance in the frequency of nurses 'activities r = 0.41 and the quality of nurses' activities r = 0.54 which means that it correlates strongly. There must be some effort to minimize anxiety mental nurses by using a new innovation and training to increase nurses knowledge, abilities and skills so it can improve performance of nurses in carrying out nursing care and action.
THE RELATION BETWEEN NURSES AGE AND COMPLIANCE IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PREVENTION OF FALLING PATIENTS IN THE GENERAL HOSPITAL OF THE SAMARINDA GOVERNMENT
Authors: Safrudin M.Bachtiar , Milkhatun Milkhatun
Published: August 2020

In the patient safety standards / International Patient Safety Goal (IPSG), especially the prevention of the risk of falling must be applied by nurses, age is one of the internal factors that affect compliance. This study aims to determine the correlation between age of nurses with adherence in the implementation of prevention of falling patients in Samarinda Government Hospital using a descriptive correlation design and cross sectional approach. The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire and observation sheet with a sample of 51 nurses in the non-intensive inpatient room with a purposive sampling technique. The analysis test in this study uses the Spearman rank test with the results of p value 0.026 (rho = 0.312), so it can be concluded that there is a significant influence between the age of nurses with adherence in the implementation of prevention of falling patients.
THE IDENTIFICATION OF PATIENTS’ NEEDS TOWARD PHARMACY SERVICES IN SAMARINDA, INDONESIA– A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Ressandy Sylvan Septian
Published: August 2020

Pharmacy supposed to be able to provide the services that accommodate all of the patient's needs. There are several factors to satisfy patients, such as product, price, process, and people. This research aims to patients’ needs toward pharmacy services to help the pharmacist satisfying the patients. The questionnaire composed of 8 items based on the marketing mix theory. Study took place in Samarinda, Indonesia from October to December 2018. There were 83 people responded to survey questions. Respondents’ answers counted by the Likert scale 1 until 5 and analyzed by ranking the mean score of each answer. Analysis from the questionnaire study showed that the highest patients’ needs toward pharmacy were a pharmacy that provides complete drugs (mean of 4.8313), complete drug labeling (4.7470), professional staff (4.6988) and affordable drug prices (4.5422).
The THE INFLUENCE OF EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND ON THE KNOWLEDGE OF DRUG USES DURING FASTING IN SAMARINDA
Authors: Hanifa Deasy Nur Chairin
Published: August 2020

At the time of fasting proper use of drugs is needed, because the schedule of taking different drugs will affect of the drug. Schedule for taking medication affects the fate of drugs in the body, because it needs to be careful in changing the schedule of taking medication. So it can be said that the need for knowledge of drug use during fasting. The aim of this study was found the influence of educational background, especially in the health and non-health fields on knowledge of drug use during fasting. This research was conducted by survey testing using Google Form, by submitting several statements regarding the knowledge of drug use during fasting which is listed in the KDUF (Knowledge of Drug Use during Fasting) questionnaire. The total value of the questionnaire is categorized into 3, namely low, moderate, and good. The results showed that the moderate knowledge category in the health group is 26% and non-health is 30%, while the knowledge category is good for the health group at 74% and the non-health group at 70%. The results of the statistical analysis showed no significant relationship between the background of health and non-health education (P> 0.05). So it can be concluded that there is no difference in the influence of health and non-health education background on knowledge of drug use during fasting.
DEVELOPMENT OF PAPER-BASED COLOR TEST-STRIP FOR PARACETAMOL DETECTION IN JAMU
Authors: Sentat Triswanto , Nurhasnawati Henny , Dwinand Yunita Rachma
Published: August 2020

Chemical medicine which are synthetic chemicals or isolation products must not be added to herbal medicine, that was standared by Indonesian Head of the Drug and Food Control Agency in statement regarding Criteria and Procedure for Registration of Traditional Medicines, Standardized Herbal Medicines, and Phytofarmaka. This study aims to develope prototype of paper-based color test-strip to identify paracetamol trace in several types of Indonesian herbal medicine, better known as Jamu. Research conducted with experimental research wich make paper test-strip prototype by immobilizing reagents into Whatman’s filter paper, then it used to identify paracetamol in extracted Jamu samples. The paracetamol qualitative test uses 10 Jamu samples that distributed in Samarinda area. were also carried out on. Comparison methode with qualitative color reaction tests using specific reagents in the laboratory were also carried out beside the paper-based color test-strip methode. In addition with positive control tests using 5000 ppm paracetamol solution to make sure both methode used are valid. The results of this study showed that two prototype paper-based color test-strips containing 10% iron (III) chloride reagent and folin ciocalteu were able to detect the presence of paracetamol chemicals in Jamu samples with color reaction.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF APRI SCORE (ASPARTATE AMINOTRANS FERASE-TO-PLATELET RATIO INDEX) AND PUGH CHILD SCORE
Authors: Saputri Adelia Muhlifa , Rahayu Magdaleni Agustina , Murti Sinta
Published: August 2020

Liver cirrhosis is the last stage of chronic liver disease that is in the path of the disease can cause damage of liver function and/or portal hypertension. The prognosis of liver cirrhosis can be assessed by manifestations of liver function disorders with Child Pugh score that include the presence or absence of ascites, encephalopathy, bilirubin serum, albumin serum, and prothrombin time or INR, while portal hypertension also occurs in patient of cirrhosis can lead the formation of esophageal varices. APRI score has platelet count and AST serum as its variable is suspected to be related to the Child Pugh score in assessing prognosis of cirrhosis patients. This study purposed to find the relation between APRI score (Aspartate Aminotransferase-to-Platelet Ratio Index) and Child Pugh score. Purpose of this research is to find the relation between APRI score (Aspartate Aminotransferase-to-Platelet Ratio Index) and Child Pugh score and degree of esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis. Method used is a retrospective analytic study with cross sectional approach. The data source is secondary source. The sample in this study were patients with liver cirrhosis who were diagnosed by a doctor and had complied the inclusion criteria. The data obtained was analyzed using ANOVA.

The result of this study is include 48 cirrhosis patients, male 81,3%, with a mean age 49,98 years. The most common cause of cirrhosis is hepatitis B obtained from reactive HBsAg examination in 33 patients (68,8%). The APRI score was found to have a weak correlation (r = 0.044) and not significant (p = 0.868) with the Child Pugh score. The APRI score do not able to assess the prognosis in advanced cirrhotic patients.
A DESCRIPTION OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF HEPATIC CIRRHOSIS PATIENT IN ABDUL WAHAB SJAHRANIE REGIONAL PUBLIC HOSPITAL SAMARINDA
Authors: Wulandari Tri Wulandari , Devianto Nirapambudi , Sihotang Fransiska A.
Published: August 2020

Hepatic cirrhosis is a late stage liver disease characterized by the replacement of normal hepatocyte cells with fibrosis tissue. The severity of hepatic cirrhosis can be determined using Child-Pugh criteria which are divided into Grades A, B and C. This study aimed to find out the characteristics of hepatic cirrhosis patients in Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Regional Public Hospital in Samarinda. The design of this study was descriptive observational. Participants in this study consisted of 58 hepatic cirrhosis patients who were hospitalized in Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Regional Public Hospital in Samarinda from June 2017 to June 2018. Variables in this study were age, gender, period of stay, conditions at discharge, and the severity of cirrhosis. The researchers used data from medical records of cirrhosis patients. From 58 participants in this study, they were mostly people in the age of 46-55 years (43.1%) and the majority were male (70.7%).The maximum period of stay in hospital was less than 1 week (58.6%) and the condition when they went back home were mostly with outpatient treatment (79.3%). The severe degree of cirrhosis that was found was Child-Pugh C (63.8%).
A DESCRIPTION OF PERINATAL AS A RISK FACTOR OF CHILDREN’S SENSORINEURAL HEARING DISORDER IN OTOLARYNGOLOGY (ENT) POLYCLINIC OF ABDUL WAHAB HOSPITAL SJAHRANIE IN SAMARINDA
Authors: Adilah Inna Inna , Pratiningrum Moriko
Published: August 2020

Sensorineural Hearing Disorder in children could give a significant impact on everyday life and would cause loneliness, isolation, and frustration on children. Perinatal risk factors are important to note because they could be detected from newborn and could be an indication for the baby to do the screening. The purpose of hearing screening in newborns is to find hearing loss as early as possible so that habilitation can be done immediately. The purpose of this study was to describe perinatal period as risk factors for Sensorineural Hearing Disorder in children. The subjects of this study were children who has done BERA examinations at the Otolaryngology (ENT) Polyclinic of Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Hospital in Samarinda from January 2017 – June 2019. The design of this study was observational descriptive with cross-sectional method. There were 65 children as sample which consisted of 39 (60%) boys and 26 (40%) girls. BERA examination age that was found in this study has not reached the optimal standard if it is referring to the JCIH standard with the most age group is 3 years old. 37 (56.9%) children suffered from Sensorineural Hearing Disorder. 27 (41.5%) children had perinatal risk factors. The most common risk factors was jaundice which the researchers found on 11 (16.9%) children. 20 (30.8%) children who have perinatal risk factors and Sensorineural Hearing Disorder with the most common risk factor is LBW are as many as 10 (15.4%).
THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION ON THE CAMPUS LEARNING ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR GPA IN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE OF MULAWARMAN UNIVERSITY
Authors: Amrullah Achmad Ferdinan , Sulistiawati Sulistiawati , Purnamasari Cicih Bhakti
Published: August 2020

The success of the student learning process is characterized by academic achievement. One of the factors that can affect academic achievement is the learning environment. This study aims to determine the relationship of the students’ perception on the campus learning environment and their GPA in school of medicine of Mulawarman University. This research is an observational analytic study with cross sectional method. The research respondents were students of the Medicine Study Program of the School of Medicine in Mulawarman University by using total sample technique. The method of data analysis used descriptive data analysis and the analytic data analysis used chi square test. There were 316 respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, male respondents were 91 people (28.8%) and female respondents were 225 people (71.2%). As many as 268 students (84.8%) had more positive than negative perception on the campus learning environment, while as many as 232 students (73.4%) got good category for the grade point. The results of the study obtained p=0.000. In conclusion, there is a relationship between student perceptions of the learning environment on campus with an grade point.
PAZARLAMA İLETİŞİMİNDE GÖZ TAKİP TEKNİĞİNE İLİŞKİN KAVRAMSAL BİR ÇALIŞMA
Authors: TOKMAK Gizem
Published: August 2020

Dikkat, tüketiciyi satın almaya yönelten zihinsel sürecin ilk basamağı olarak düşünülmektedir. Markalar da tüketicilerin dikkatini çekmek amacıyla basılı ve görsel mecrada reklam, çevrimiçi alışverişte web sitesi, satış noktası içinde de ürünlerin raflara yerleşimi vb. gibi pazarlama iletişimi unsurlarını kullanır. Göz takip tekniği, pazarlama iletişimi unsurlarının görsel dikkati çekme konusundaki başarısının ölçümüne imkân sağlayan bir nöropazarlama tekniğidir. Göz takip tekniğinin sağladığı veriler sayesinde pazarlama uygulayıcıları dikkat çekiciliği artırma konusunda önemli ipuçları elde edebilirken teorisyenler ise pazarlamanın psikoloji ve nöroloji gibi diğer disiplinler ile olan ilişkisini derinlemesine inceleme imkânı bulabilirler. Bu çalışma, göz takip tekniği ve tekniğin pazarlama iletişiminde kullanımına dair kapsamlı bilgi veren kavramsal bir çalışmadır. Bu çalışma ile pazarlama uygulayıcılarına ve teorisyenlerine, göz takip tekniğinin kullanımı ve teknikle ölçebilecekleri pazarlama unsurları hakkında yol gösterici olmak amaçlanmıştır.
MARKA İMAJI İLE ALGILANAN KALİTE, MEMNUNİYET VE BAĞLILIK İLİŞKİSİNİN YAPISAL EŞİTLİK MODELİYLE İNCELENMESİ: BİR HİZMET İŞLETMESİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: BİÇER Derya Fatma
Published: August 2020

Hizmet sektörünün büyüklüğü ve etkinliği ekonomilerin gelişmişlik düzeylerinin belirgin göstergesidir. Hata ve belirsizliklere karşı son derece duyarlı olan sağlık hizmeti sunan kurumlarda, doğru temellendirilmiş bir marka imajı, fiziksel ve ruhsal olarak aldıkları hizmetle ilgili güven duygusuna ihtiyaç duyan hastaların, mevcut ve potansiyel taleplerini artıracaktır. Sağlık hizmetlerinin en yoğun sunulduğu kurumlar şüphesiz hastanelerdir. Bu araştırma hastane marka imajının, hastaların sunulan hizmetten algıladıkları kalitenin, memnuniyet ve hasta bağlılık düzeylerine etkisini belirlemek amacı ile yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın diğer amaçları ise; hastaların hizmet kalitesi algılarının, hastaneden memnuniyet ve hastaneye bağlılık düzeyleri üzerine ve memnuniyet düzeylerinin de bağlılık düzeyleri üzerine etkilerini ortaya koymaktır. Kesitsel tipte gerçekleştirilen araştırma bulguları, bir üniversite hastanesine başvuran poliklinik hastalarını kapsayan 490 kişi üzerinden yorumlanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda hastane marka imajının algılanan hizmet kalitesi, hasta memnuniyeti ve bağlılığına pozitif yönde etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, tüm değişkenlerin birbirini etkilediği ve en yüksek etkinin ise; hasta memnuniyeti ve bağlılığı arasında olduğu saptanmıştır.
Ultrasound in combined technologies of mechanical engineering
Authors: Prihod'ko Vyacheslav , Nigmetzyanov Ravil , Simonov Dmitryi , Sundukov Sergey , Fatyukhin Dmitriy
Published: August 2020

A review of technologies with the use of ultrasound not only used successfully at present, but a number of processes under development is carried out. Their high productivity is provided with the combination of the known methods with ultrasound impact. At that there are summarized not only positive phenomena of each of the processes, but a synergetic effect becomes stronger due to their integration.
Modern ultrasonic dimensional technologies of hard-to-machine and composite material billet machining
Authors: Kiselev Evgeniy
Published: August 2020

There are shown investigation results of possibility for intensification of hard-to-machine and composite material billet machining by means of power use of a low-power ultrasonic field.
Increase of productivity and composite abrasion quality based on choice and abrasive tool rational use
Authors: Makarov Vladimir , Volkovsky Artem , Sabirzyanov Inur
Published: August 2020

On the basis of the preliminary investigations on the orthogonal cutting dynamics there is offered and confirmed experimentally a hypothesis on possibility of composite efficient machining with an abrasive tool during drilling, milling and grinding. There are defined rational designs of abrasive tools and optimum machining modes ensuring the growth of productivity and quality of surface layers in polymeric composite parts.
Commentary on “Validation Methods for Aggregate-Level Test Scale Linking: A Case Study Mapping School District Test Score Distributions to a Common Scale”
Authors: Davison Mark L.
Published: August 2020

This paper begins by setting the linking methods of Reardon, Kalogrides, and Ho in the broader literature on linking. Trends in the validity data suggest that there may be a conditional bias in the estimates of district means, but the data in the article are not conclusive on this point. Further, the data used in their case study might support the validity of the methods only over a limited range of the ability continuum. Applications of the method are then discussed. Contrary to the title, the application of the linking results is not limited to aggregate-level data. Because the potential application is so broad, further research is needed on issues such as the possibility of conditional bias and the validity of estimates over the full range of possible values. Validity is not a dichotomous concept where validity exists or it does not. The evidence reported by Reardon et al. provides substantial, but incomplete, support for the validity of the linked measures in this case study.
COVID-19 Health Equity Dashboard - Addressing Vulnerable Populations
Authors: Liu Star , Wall Emily , Patel Shivani A. , Park Yubin
Published: August 2020

We present a case study of the COVID-19 Health Equity Dashboard, an open-source web-based interactive data visualization, that provides timely, localized, and actionable data of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The dashboard features interactive maps and charts alongside population vulnerability characteristics, allowing for benchmarking county-level outcomes and disparities against the state and nation. While the dashboard faces several public health communication challenges, we continue to investigate and support data dissemination for public health officials' decision making.
Pengaruh Locus of Control, Self Efficacy dan Self Esteem Terhadap Kinerja Perawat
Authors: Agung Agung , Ratnawili Ratnawili
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh locus of control, self efficacydan self esteem terhadap kinerja perawat pada RSUD Hasanuddin Damrah Manna.Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 162 orang perawat yang bekerja pada RSUDHasanuddin Damrah Manna dan telah menjadi PNS, karena semua populasi dalampenelitian ini dijadikan sampel, maka metode pengambilan sampel dengan carasensus. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Teknik analisis yangdigunakan adalah regresi linier berganda, koefesien determinasi dan pengujianhipotesis.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari perhitungan persamaan regresi linierberganda dapat diketahui bahwa X1 (Locus of control), X2 (Self Efficacy) dan X3(Self Esteem) mempunyai pengaruh terhadap Kinerja (Y), dengan hasil uji regresi: Y = 10,422 + 0,172X1+0,257X2 + 0,335 X3. Nilai koefesien determinasi sebesardari R square yaitu sebesar sebesar 0324. Hal ini berarti bahwa X1 (Locus ofcontrol), X2 (Self Efficacy ) dan X3 (Self Esteem) berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja (Y) sebesar 32,4 % sedangkan sisanya 67,6% dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktorpenyebab lainnya yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini. Berdasarkan hasilpengujian dengan uji t, hipotesis yang dibuat membuktikan ada pengaruh. VariabelX1 (Locus of control), X2 (Self Efficacy ) dan X3 (Self Esteem) menunjukkan nilaithitung lebih besar dari ttabel dan nilai signifikansi lebih kecil dari 0,05. Artinya X1(Locus of control), X2 (Self Efficacy ) dan X3 (Self Esteem), memiliki pengaruhyang positif dan signifikan secara partial terhadap kinerja (Y) perawat pada RSUDHasanuddin Damrah Manna. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian hipotesis dengan uji F,nilai Fhitung > Ftabel (25,221 > 3,05) dan nilai signifikan sebesar 0,000 < 0,05 artinyaterdapat pengaruh secara simultan dari X1 (Locus of control), X2 (Self Efficacy )dan X3 (Self Esteem), terhadap kinerja (Y) perawat pada RSUD HasanuddinDamrah MannaKata Kunci : Locus of Control, Self Efficacy, Self Esteem, Kinerja Perawat
Analyzing Dorian Twitter data to understand how hurricane risk communication changes as threats unfold
Authors: Ma Qian , Millet Barbara
Published: August 2020

Social media has been widely used for hurricane risk communication but also faces the challenge of providing effective risk messages for the public. This research explores the diffusion of forecast messages on social media for Hurricane Dorian (2019) to understandhow hurricane risk information is created, disseminated, and discussed in many-to-many communication modes. We collected streams of posts from professional Twitter accounts, conducted a descriptive statistical analysis of manually-coded tweets to identify hurricane riskmessage types, performed a network analysis to audit engagement among different types of accounts, and calculated sentiment scores to examine message opinions. The results showed that professional accounts are more likely to post original content than share, among which most of the organizational accounts (including forecasters, emergency management, and news outlets) post in regular intervals with a fixed message format and a neutral opinion while professional individual accounts (e.g. meteorologist, broadcasters) post with no observable temporal regulation, variable forms, and sentiments. However, the forecaster accounts are less engaged than the mediator accounts (i.e. news outlets and professional individual account holders). The study also revealed that under the hurricane risk context, those willing to shareinformation rely more on post timing and expertise of post creators, rather than message type and sentiment.
Presentation
Authors: Dagnew Agenagn Kebede
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper focuses on Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831)’s political philosophy of state and individuals. In this paper , we will see the political concept of state and state’s relation with individuals.
Critiques of Sam Harris the Moral Landscape
Authors: Ho Tung Manh
Published: August 2020

A short argument why Sam Harris's intuition about navigating the moral landscape is not perfect and why I think an analogy of "running computer codes" is better.
IEEE CLEO PacificRim 2020 Paper 10G3 Kerr nonlinearity (n2) in 2D PdSe2 films
Authors: Moss David
Published: August 2020

We characterize the third-order optical nonlinearity in PdSe2 dichalcogenide films via the Z-Scan technique. A strong and negative (self-defocusing) Kerr nonlinearity (n2) of ∼ ‒ 7.65×10-16 m2/W is observed at 800 nm.
Variable Biases: A Study of Scientists’ Interpretation of Plot Types Commonly Used in Scientific Communication
Authors: Matzen Laura , Divis Kristin , Haass Michael , Cronin Deborah
Published: August 2020

In scientific communication, there are visualization conventions that are widely used to convey uncertainty, such as representing the variability of a dataset with error bars. Yet prior research indicates that scientists frequently misinterpret error bars. In this study, we compared bar charts with error bars to four alternative visualizations: dot, box, violin, and density plots. Our goal was to determine whether these other plot types would produce fewer biases in interpretation relative to bar plots. Scientists who have experience generating and interpreting statistical graphs used plots to assess whether the difference between two datasets was statistically significant. Our results replicated the patterns of biases that have been observed in prior studies of error bar interpretation. However, we found that our participants still had the best overall performance for bar plots with error bars, because they were most familiar with this type of plot.
Bayesian multilevel structural equation modeling: An investigation into robust prior distributions.
Authors: van Erp Sara , Browne William
Published: August 2020

Bayesian estimation of multilevel structural equation models (MLSEMs) offers advantages in terms of sample size requirements and computational feasibility, but does require careful specification of the prior distribution especially for the random effects variance parameters. The traditional “non-informative” conjugate choice of an inverse- Gamma prior with small hyperparameters has been shown time and again to be problematic. In this paper, we investigate alternative, more robust prior distributions. In contrast to multilevel models without latent variables, MLSEMs have multiple random effects variance parameters, both for the multilevel structure and for the latent variable structure. It is therefore even more important to construct reasonable priors for these parameters. We find that, although the robust priors outperform the traditional inverse-Gamma prior, their hyperparameters do require careful consideration.
Membaca dan Menyelami Buku
Authors: Sofyan Agus
Published: August 2020

Membaca buku merupakan sebuah praktik yang mengasyikkan dan menyenangkan karena kita dapat menyelami dunia gagasan.
Potential Risks of a Widespread Use of 3D Printing for the Manufacturing of Face Masks during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
Authors: Duda Sven , Hartig Sascha , Hagner Karola , Meyer Lisa , Intriago Paula Wessling , Meyer Tobias , Wessling Heinrich
Published: August 2020

BackgroundIn 2020 the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic caused serious concerns about the availability offace masks. This paper studies the technical feasibility of user specific face maskproduction by 3D printing and the effectiveness of these masks.Material and MethodsSix different face mask designs were produced by 3D printing and tested bysubjective experimenter evaluation and using a respirator fit testing kit. Results werecompared to the requirements as given for standard protective face masks.ResultsNone of the printed masks came anywhere near the required standards for personalprotective gear.ConclusionIn spite of their euphoric presentation in the press, none of the currently advertised3D printed mask designs are suitable as reliable personal protective equipment.
Some Psychological Determinants of Broad Union Attitudes
Authors: McAleese Owen , Day Martin V.
Published: August 2020

Many societies are grappling with how to reduce high levels of economic inequality. Although often overlooked, labor unions can have significant flattening effects on inequality. However, unions are not highly supported by the general public. To provide some psychological explanation as to why this may be the case, we examined five potential predictors of general union attitudes (i.e., political orientation, prejudice toward union members, meritocratic beliefs, union knowledge and social mobility beliefs). We tested each variable at least twice across three studies (two in the U.S., one in Canada, total N = 1756). Results indicated that stronger political conservative orientation, prejudice feelings towards union members and less accurate knowledge of union activities uniquely explained lower pro-union attitudes across studies. Meritocratic and social mobility beliefs did not meaningfully explain union attitudes. Although mostly correlational, this research provides insight into potential reasons why everyday citizens may support or condemn unions in an increasingly unequal world. Implications for altering union attitudes and support for related policies are discussed.
Cognitive network science reconstructs how experts, news outlets and social media perceived the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Stella Massimo
Published: August 2020

This work uses cognitive network science to reconstruct how experts, influential news outlets and social media perceived and reported the news “COVID-19 is a pandemic”. In an exploratory corpus of 1 public speech, 10 influential news media articles on the same news and 37,500 trending tweets, the same pandemic declaration elicited a wide spectrum of perceptions retrieved by automatic language processing. While the WHO adopted a narrative strategy of mitigating the pandemic by raising public concern, some news media promoted fear for economic repercussions while others channelled trust in contagion containment through semantic associations with science (e.g. “flatten the curve”), a strategy found also in other studies. In Italy, the first country to adopt nationwide lockdown, social discourse perceived the pandemic with anger and fear, emotions of grief elaboration, but also with trust, a useful mechanism for coping with threats. Whereas news mostly elicited individual emotions, social media promoted much richer perceptions, where negative and positive emotional states coexisted, but also where trust mainly originated from politics-related jargon rather than from science. This indicates that social media linked the pandemics to institutions and their intervention policies. The above emotions strongly influence people’s risk-averse behaviour and mental/physical wellbeing, as reviewed here in view of recent work about COVID-19. Cognitive network science opens the way to unveiling and understanding emotional framings and perceptions of news, with relevance for better understanding information flow during a global health crisis with little human coding.
Growth Models of Positive Caregiving Behaviours and Concurrent Autonomic  Activity in Caregivers and Children during a Challenging Puzzle Task: Replication and Extension
Authors: Barkman Heidi , Allan Ashley , Salisbury Marlee R. , Knight Erik L , Karns Christina , Roos Leslie E , Bell Theodore , Pakulak Eric , Giuliano Ryan Jeffrey
Published: August 2020

Caregivers exhibiting low levels of positive caregiving tend to have reduced dynamic range in high- frequency heart rate variability (HRV), an index of parasympathetic nervous system activity. Yet less is known about the involvement of the sympathetic nervous system, which may impact the plausible range of parasympathetic reactivity. Here, caregiver–child dyads completed resting assessments of HRV and pre-ejection period (PEP), followed by a videotaped puzzle task during which HRV was measured and observers coded the degree of caregivers’ positive emotionality. Multilevel modelling was employed to characterize task fluctuations in HRV as a function of resting PEP and caregivers’ positive emotional expressions. Higher frequency of caregiver positivity was associated with greater HRV reactivity in caregivers but not children. Increased caregiver positivity was correlated with longer resting PEP in children. These results replicate findings of greater caregiver parasympathetic flexibility during positive caregiving and extend those findings to children’s resting sympathetic activity.
Automatic Responses to Acoustically Rough Intervals: Evidence from a Word Evaluation task
Authors: Armitage James Edward , Lahdelma Imre , Eerola Tuomas
Published: August 2020

The aim of the present study is to determine which acoustic components of harmonic consonance and dissonance influence automatic responses in a simple cognitive task. In a series of experiments, ten musical interval pairs were used to measure the influence of acoustic roughness and harmonicity on response times in an affective priming task conducted online. There was a significant correlation between the difference of roughness for each pair of intervals and a response time index. Harmonicity did not influence response times on the cognitive task. More detailed analysis suggests that the presence of priming in intervals is binary: in the negative primes that create congruency effects the intervals’ fundamentals and overtones coincide within the same equivalent rectangular bandwidth (i.e. the minor and major seconds). Intervals that fall outside this equivalent rectangular bandwidth do not elicit priming effects, regardless of their dissonance or cultural conventions of negative affect. The results are discussed in the context of recent developments in consonance/dissonance research and vocal similarity.
The Impact of Race on Speech Perception and Accentedness Judgments in Racially Diverse and Non-Diverse Groups
Authors: Kutlu Ethan , Tiv Mehrgol , Wulff Stefanie , Titone Debra
Published: August 2020

Standard varieties are often perceived as morally superior compared to nonstandard varieties (Hill 2008). Consequently, these differences lead to ideologies that racialize nonstandard varieties (Rosa 2016), and increase the negative stereotypes towards nonstandard varieties (Giles & Watson 2013). One outlet of such stereotypes can be observed with speech intelligibility and accentedness judgments. This study examines whether seeing a white or a South Asian face impacts listeners’ perception of American, British, Indian English and to what extent listeners’ social network diversity plays a role in predicting their perception of speech. Results indicated that intelligibility scores decreased and accentedness judgments increased for all varieties when speech was paired with South Asian faces. However, listeners with less racially diverse social networks had the highest accentedness judgments. Understanding how to account for the emergence and behavioral implications of different English varieties is a pressing question, and these results shed light on how English varieties are perceived. The implications will be discussed in light of language teaching, linguistic practices, and language research.
Replications in Comparative Psychology
Authors: Halina Marta
Published: August 2020

In order to assess the status of replication in comparative psychology, it is important to clarify what constitutes a replicated experiment. In this paper, I adopt the Resampling Account of replication recently advanced by the philosopher Edouard Machery. I apply this account to an area of comparative psychology—namely, nonhuman primate theory of mind research. Two key findings emerge from this analysis. First, under the account of replication advanced here, genuine replications are common in comparative psychology. Second, I argue that different types of replications offer different epistemic benefits to researchers. This finding diverges from Machery’s view. Finally, I suggest that community-level change is needed in order to promote a wide range of replications and their associated diversity of epistemic benefits.
Neuropsychological Aspects of Internet-Based Transit Navigation Skills in Older Adults
Authors: Tierney Savanna M. , Kordovski Victoria , Rahman Samina , Medina Luis D. , Damian Rodica I. , Collins Robert , Woods Steven Paul
Published: August 2020

Objective: Older adults commonly experience difficulties efficiently searching the Internet, which can adversely affect daily functioning. This study examines the neuropsychological aspects of online transit planning, which can be an essential transportation tool for some older adults. Method: Participants included 50 younger and 40 older adults who completed a neuropsychological battery, questionnaires, and measures of Internet use and skills. Participants used a live transit planning website to complete three inter-related tasks (e.g., map a route from an airport to a specific hotel at a particular time). On a fourth Internet transit task, participants were randomized into either a support condition in which they received brief goal management training for task planning or into a control condition. Results: Older adults were both slower and less accurate than their younger counterparts in completing the first three Internet transit tasks. Within the older adults, Internet transit accuracy showed a medium association with verbal memory, executive functions, and auditory attention, but not visuomotor speed. The pre-task planning support was beneficial for plan development in younger, but not older adults. The planning supports did not impact actual Internet transit task accuracy or time to completion. Conclusions: Older adults experience difficulties quickly and accurately using a transit website to plan transportation routes, which is associated with poorer higher-order neurocognitive functions (e.g., memory). Given the lack of efficacy of planning-based supports among older adults, future work might examine the benefits of established memory strategies (e.g., spaced retrieval practice) for online transit planning.
Infant Spontaneous Motor Tempo
Authors: Rocha Sinead , Southgate Victoria , Mareschal Denis
Published: August 2020

Spontaneous Motor Tempo (SMT) is influenced by individual differences in age and body size. We present the first data documenting the SMT of infants from five- to 37-months-of-age using a simple drumming task. As in late childhood and adulthood, we predicted that infant SMT would slow across the first years of life. However, we find that older infants drum more quickly than younger infants. Further, studies of adults suggest larger bodies prefer slower rhythms. This relationship may be the product of biomechanical resonance, or, effects may be driven by rhythmic experience, such as of locomotion. We used infants, whose body size is dissociated from their predominant experience of locomotion as their parent often carries them, to test this argument. We reveal that infant SMT is predicted by parent, but not own, body size, supporting a passive experience-based argument, and propose that early rhythm may be set by repetitive vestibular stimulation when carried by the caregiver.
Examining the impact of Covid-19-related disruptions, dislocations and stressors on the academic performance of undergraduates at a diverse public university
Authors: Stempel Carl , Alemi Qais , Sanchez Morgan , ingram Susan
Published: August 2020

Objective: Investigate the influence of the stressors caused by the Covid-19 pandemic on the academic performance of undergraduate students, and their ability to concentrate on schoolwork.Participants: 1,806 students attending a racially diverse 4-year university with a high rate of first generation college students.Methods: An online survey utilizing measures of depression (PHQ-9), generalized anxiety (GAD-7), faculty and academic advising support, economic insecurity, studying conditions, family conditions, trouble concentrating on schoolwork, and academic performance. OLS regression is used to explain academic performance and trouble concentrating. Results: Four of five students reported trouble concentrating, and trouble concentrating strongly decreased academic performance. Faculty and peer advising support and adequate studying conditions improved academic performance. Depression strongly increased trouble concentrating. Adequate studying conditions and academic advising support improved concentration.Conclusions: In the upcoming year, faculty and student support services should highlight mental health issues and services, and increase supports for students experiencing distress.
Advancing Measurement of Foreign Policy Similarity
Authors: D'Orazio Vito
Published: August 2020

Extant theoretical literature in International Relations has suggested that the similarity of foreign policy preferences is a meaningful and important concept. The commonly used measures of this concept – τb and, more recently, the S-score – are problematic in two ways. First, as algorithms, neither operationalize the concept in a manner consistent with how students of IR theorize foreign policy similarity. Specifically, τb is not a measure of similarity; it is a measure of concordance or rank-order similarity. Although S is a measure of similarity, it does not account for the degree of third-party relationships, only the symmetry of such relationships. A new algorithm, D, which incorporates the degree of mutual relationships into the measurement of foreign policy similarity, is introduced. The resulting D − score is standardized, as opposed to the S − score which has four commonly used versions in addition to several others that may be subjectively defined. Second, the input data for measures of foreign policy similarity are typically data on formal alliances. Generally speaking, alliances are a granular indicator of an underlying, military-strategic relationship between states, more generally referred to as military cooperation. As such, the policy portfolio used to calculate D can include additional indicators of military cooperation. Alliances, joint military exercises (for which new data has been collected), arms transfers, and multinational combat and peacekeeping operations are combined using a graded response model to estimate military cooperation as a latent trait. The latent trait is used as input data to calculate the D − score, which is directly compared with the S − score and shown to be consistent with intuitive notions of policy similarity while the S-score is not. In a replication study, the new measure is shown to not be substitutable with the S-score.
Future imaginaries in the making and governing of digital technology: Multiple, Contested, Commodified
Authors: Mager Astrid , Katzenbach Christian
Published: August 2020

Preprint (March 2020) forthcoming in New Media & Society:Mager, A. & Katzenbach, C. (2020). Future imaginaries in the making and governing of digital technology: Multiple, Contested, Commodified. New Media & Society. Online First. doi: 10.1177/1461444820929321.Visions of the future are omnipresent in current debates about the digital transformation. This introductory article and the full special issue are concerned with the function, power, and performativity of future visions and how they relate to the making and governing of digital technology. Revisiting existing concepts, we particularly discuss and advance the concept of sociotechnical imaginaries. In difference to ephemeral visions and partisan ideas, imaginaries are collectively held and institutionally stabilized. Nonetheless, we hold that they are multiple, contested and commodified rather than monolithic, linear visions of future trajectories enacted by state actors. Introducing and summarising the articles of the special issue, we conclude that imaginaries are increasingly dominated by technology companies who not only take over the imaginative power of shaping future society. They also partly absorb public institutions’ ability to govern these very futures with their rhetoric, technologies and business models.
THE EFFECTS OF DISTRIBUTED LEADERSHIP ON TEACHERS’ COLLECTIVE EFFICACY AND PROFESSIONAL LEARNING COMMUNITY
Authors: Jamil Mohd Fadzil , Mohd Hamzah Mohd Izham
Published: August 2020

Distributed leadership offers a new-thinking in transforming the school's leadership. Teachers' collective efficacy and professional learning community have been identified to have a strong influence on improving the teaching quality of teachers. This article examines the effects of distributed leadership of secondary school administrators on teacher collective efficacy and professional learning community. The literature suggests that distributed leadership perspective is a good alternative strategy to improve the quality of educational institutions, but empirical evidence showing the effects of distributed leadership on teachers’ collective  efficacy and professional learning community that can improve the quality of teacher’s teaching is limited. Data were collected from 592 teachers working in secondary schools in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Distributed leadership of secondary school administrators were determined with Distributed Leadership Inventory developed by Hulpia (2009) while teachers’ collective efficacy was determined using the Collective Efficacy Scales developed by Goddard and Hoy (2003) and professional learning community was determined with the School Professional Staff as Learning Community Questionnaire developed by Hord (1996). Data analysis was done based on Structural Equation Modeling using AMOS software. Regression weight, variance and squared multiple correlations tests were used in data analysis. In conclusion, a strong positive relationship was revealed between distributed leadership of secondary school administrators on teachers’ collective efficacy and professional learning community. Distributed leadership of secondary school administrators was also a significant predictor of teachers’ collective efficacy and professional learning community.