bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diversity and cytological studies of the Genus Amomum Roxb. former Elettariopsis Baker (Zingiberaceae) in Thailand
Authors: Saensouk Surapon , Saensouik Piyaporn
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Saensouk P, Saensouk S. 2021. Diversity and cytological studies on the genus Amomum Roxb. former Elettariopsis Baker (Zingiberaceae) in Thailand. Biodiversitas 22: 3209-3218. A comprehensive diversity and cytological studies of the genus Amomum Roxb. in Thailand have not been reported. This work aims to study the diversity and cytological including chromosome numbers and karyotypes of the genus Amomum Roxb. former Elettariopsis Bakerin Thailand. Ten species of Amomum were recognized from Thailand. Nomenclatures, vernacular names, distribution, ecology, and traditional utilization are provided. Only Amomum wandokthong is widely cultivated in all parts in Thailand. Four living species, i.e. Amomum curtisii, A. monophyllum, A. trilobum, and A. wandokthong have been collected from field trips. Therefore, the somatic chromosome numbers from four species of this genus were studied from root tips. The somatic chromosome numbers of each species in this study were counted from 20 cells. The karyotype formulas were derived from measurements of the metaphase chromosomes in photomicrographs. The chromosome numbers of four species were found to be 2n = 48. Karyotypes of four species were reported to be Amomum curtisii (32m + 8sm + 8st), A. monophyllum (26m + 12sm + 10st), A. trilobum (18m + 24sm + 6st), and A. wandokthong (28m + 16sm + 4st with five visible satellites chromosomes). The chromosome numbers of A. monophyllum and A. wandokthong were reported for the first time. The karyotypes of four species were studied for the first time.
Cost-effective bacteria-based bionematicide formula to control the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. on tomato plants
Authors: Asyiah Iis Nur , PRIHATIN JEKTI , Hastuti Ahda Dwi , Winarso Sugeng , Widjayanthi Lenny , Nugroho Dwi , Firmansyah Kurniawan , Pradana Ankardiansyah Pandu
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Asyiah IN, Prihatin J, Hastuti AD, Winarso S, Widjayanthi L, Nugroho D, Firmansyah K, Pradana AP. 2021. Cost-effective bacteria-based bionematicide formula to control root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. in tomato plants. Biodiversitas 22: 3256-3264. The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne spp. can infect and cause loss production in various horticultural plants, including tomatoes. In the previous study, we found 3 endophytic bacteria isolates and 1 rhizobacterium isolate that could control several plant-parasitic nematodes. In this study, we formulated these bionematicide isolates with cheap and environmentally friendly organic materials. The formula was fortified using several organic matters, vitamin sources, protein sources, and sugar sources. The research was conducted in an experimental land with a history of severe root-knot nematode infection. The analysis showed that there were 63.7 J2 Meloidogyne spp. per 100 ml of soil on the experimental land. The application was given at a time interval of 2 weeks at the concentration of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%, with a dose of 100 ml per plant. As a negative control, the plant did not give any treatments, and as a positive control, the plant was given 5 g carbofuran per plant. The results revealed that treatment with 2% bionematicide formula concentration showed the best consistent result. This treatment increased canopy wet weight by 38.63% and root dry weight by 106.97% compared to negative control. The P4 treatment was also found effective to increase fruit weight by 33.61% and fruit diameter by 26.16% as compared to negative control. Increased plant growth in P4 treatment was closely related to the total of root-knot suppression and root damage intensity. In the P4 treatment, the total of root-knots and root damage intensities was 44.83% and 32.66%, respectively, compared to the negative control. This suppression also occurred in the nematode population and nematode eggs. In the P4 treatment, the total of Meloidogyne spp. J2 in soil and root was lower by 60.74% and 66.24%, respectively, compared to the negative control. A similar phenomenon also occurred in the total of eggs, which was 79.40% lower than the total of eggs in the negative control. This study provides the latest information about a cost-effective bacteria-based bionematicide formula, which is effective in suppressing Meloidogyne spp. infection in tomato, and promotes the growth and development tomato plant.
Population status and sustainability of Yellow-crested cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea sulphurea) on Pasoso Island, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Ihsan Moh. , MARDIASTUTI ANI , MASY’UD BURHANUDDIN , MULYANI YENI A.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Ihsan M, Mardiastuti A, Masy’ud B, Mulyani YA. 2021. Population status and sustainability of Yellow-crested cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea sulphurea) on Pasoso Island, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3277-3283. Yellow-crested cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea sulphurea) is a sub-species of Cacatua sulphurea which is spread in Sulawesi and several surrounding islands, including on Pasoso Island. This cockatoo population is under tremendous pressure until categorized as critical. So far, there is no comprehensive information about population status and sustainable population size. The objective of this research area was to assess the current status or size of the population, study the size of the sustainable population and study the determinants factor of the Yellow-crested cockatoo population sustainability on Pasoso Island. The result showed that the population of the Yellow-crested cockatoo in Pasoso Island was only 3 individuals, consists of 2 adults as the parent, and 1 young individual. From 5 analyzed scenarios of the minimum sustainable population size, the 4.1 scenario is the best scenario to maintain the sustainability of the Yellow-crested cockatoo population on Pasoso Island, which is a minimum population size of four pairs (8 adult individuals). The determinants of population sustainbility analysis with the minimum sustainable population size (8 individuals or 4 pairs of broodstock) showed that inbreeding and predation as determinant factors. These factors need to be controlled through mating management and predator control by both humans and carnivorous animals.
Environmental conditions to support blue carbon storage in mangrove forest: A case study in the mangrove forest, Nusa Lembongan, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Pricillia Cindy Clara , Herdiansyah Herdis , Patria Mufti Petala
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Pricillia CC, Patria MP, Herdiansyah H. 2021. Environmental conditions to support blue carbon storage in mangrove forest: A case study in the mangrove forest, Nusa Lembongan, Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3304-3314. Mangrove ecosystems can provide ecosystem services to mitigate climate change by absorbing and storing carbon in their systems. The question arises of how to manage a mangrove forest to store more carbon. The Nusa Lembongan mangrove forest was examined to assess the optimal environmental settings for blue carbon storage in the mangrove ecosystem. Five stations were selected purposively. The parameters observed in each station were aboveground living biomass, mangrove stand density, clay percentage in soil, bulk density, water content, soil organic carbon (%C), and soil organic nitrogen (%N). Based on this study, the total carbon stock in mangrove forest Nusa Lembongan was 68.10 ± 20.92 Mg C ha-1 and equals to 249.95 ± 76.77 MgCO2 ha-1 with a significant contribution of soil carbon stock. This study indicates that the essential parameters that can promote carbon sequestration in mangrove forest Nusa Lembongan were aboveground living biomass, soil organic carbon content and soil organic nitrogen content. In addition, as soil organic carbon content also negatively correlates with bulk density, it also can be considered. These findings can contribute to blue carbon planning and management to improve the effectiveness of the blue carbon project.
The development of unlabeled probes-high resolution melting (UP-HRM) marker on SAD, IAA27 and ACC genes of oil palm
Authors: SAPUTRA TENGKU IMAM , ROBERDI ROBERDI , NUGROHO YOGO ADHI , ARTUTININGSIH WULAN , PURBA OLIVIA S. , MARYANTO SIGIT DWI , YONO DWI , UTOMO CONDRO , LIWANG TONY
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Saputra TI, Roberdi, Nugroho YA, Artutiningsih W, Purba OS, Maryanto SD, Yono D, Utomo C, Liwang T. 2021. The development of unlabeled probes-high resolution melting (UP-HRM) marker on SAD, IAA27 and ACC genes of oil palm. Biodiversitas 22: 3356-3362. The unlabeled probes-high resolution melting (UP-HRM) marker is a useful tool for detecting of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The objectives of this study were to develop UP-HRM markers to differentiate specific SNPs patterns on oil palm. The marker was developed and tested with Elaeis guineensis (Eg), Elaeis oleifera (Eo), Eo x Eg (hybrid), and was validated with 53 individuals of BC1F1 populations ((Eo x Eg) x Eg). Four UP-HRM markers were developed based on 2 SNPs in the stearoyl-acyl-carrier-protein 9-desaturase (EgSAD), 1 SNP in the auxin-responsive protein IAA27-like (EgIAA27), and 1 SNP in the 1-amino cyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (EgACC) genes. The SNP discovery result showed that Eg was represented a reference homozygote genotype, while Eo was represented as an alternative homozygote genotype and the Eo x Eg hybrid was represented as a heterozygote genotype in all genes. The typical UP-HRM melt curve graph was successfully generated. This result was consistent with each genotype model for all four markers. The UP-HRM markers can distinguish each genotype according to the single-pass sequencing results. Furthermore, dendrogram analysis on validation divided 53 BC1F1 samples into three cluster groups.
The anti-bacterial effect of phenolic compounds from three species of marine macroalgae
Authors: SCANIA ALIFAH EVI , Chasani Abdul Razaq
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Scania AE, Chasani AR. 2021. The anti-bacterial effect of phenolic compounds from three species of marine macroalgae. Biodiversitas 22: 3412-3417. Bacterial infection is still a serious problem in human health due to many bacteria that are resistant to synthetic antibiotics. Natural antibiotics are needed for substituting synthetic antibiotics such as antibiotics derived from marine macroalgae. Marine macroalgae respond to extreme environmental conditions by producing secondary metabolites containing bioactive substances. Bioactive substances such as phenolic compounds in marine macroalgae may have an antibacterial effect on bacteria. Our research was aimed to detect the presence of phenolic compounds in three species of marine macroalgae (Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta), Sargassum polycystum (Phaeophyta), Palmaria palmata (Rhodophyta)), and also to determine the most effective inhibition of phenols-contained extracts of marine macroalgae to the growth of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. Our research was conducted through field sampling for collecting samples and laboratory work for identifying and extracting samples including qualitative testing of phenolic compounds, rejuvenating bacteria, preparing the tested bacteria, and determine the inhibition index of extracts against E.coli and S.typhi. Our results indicated that the extract of U. lactuca, S. polycystum, and P.palmata contained phenolic compounds. Phenols-contained extract of Sargassum polycystum is the most effective in inhibiting the growth of E. coli and S. typhi. The incubation temperature, the type of bacteria influence the antibacterial activity of marine macroalgae.
Distribution of polyprenol and dolichol in oil palms from Pisifera parents and mature plants from tissue culture propagation
Authors: Siregar Luthfi Aziz Mahmud , KARTIKA ERKY BEBY AYU , BASYUNI MOHAMMAD
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Kartika EBA, Siregar LAM, Basyuni M. 2021. Distribution of polyprenol and dolichol in oil palms from Pisifera parents and mature plants from tissue culture propagation. Biodiversitas 22: 3423-3436. Oil palm tissue culture is carried out through indirect embryogenesis, which causes somaclonal diversity to occur at the in vitro propagation stage, especially in the callus growth phase. In the cells of all living organisms can be found a group of polyisoprenoid compounds. This study aims to determine variations in oil palm plants resulting from tissue culture based on the presence of polyisoprenoid compounds. Oil palm leaf samples (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) were collected from the plantation of PT. Socfin Indonesia, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Sample extraction, saponification, isolation of polyisoprenoid compounds, and two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography analysis were carried out to obtain data related to total lipids, polyprenol and dolichol profile, and Carbon (C) chain length polyprenol and dolichol from oil palm leaves of Pisifera parents and their propagated derivatives by indirect embryogenesis. The results showed that the amount of polyisoprenoid mother S24 was 2.41 mg/g higher than that of the parentS8 at 2.17 mg/g dry weight. Total polyisoprenoid fromS8 plants in vitro ranged from 0.71 - 8.53 mg/g dry weight, with the lowest total polyisoprenoid found atS894/22 and the highest was found atS893/2. While for total polyisoprenoid from plant tissue culture of Pisifera S24 ranged from 0.73 - 8.05 mg/g dry weight, with the lowest total polyisoprenoid found at S24H14 and the highest was found at S24H16. The parent plants of Pisifera S8 and S24, as well as plants resulting from tissue culture, were categorized as having lipid pattern type II, which showed a balanced distribution of polyprenol with dolichol. The longest carbon chain was found in vitro plantsS8 93/4 ranged from C50-C110, while the shortest was found in plants produced in vitro S24H7 starting from C45-C55. There were variations in the carbon chain length of polyprenol and dolichol in the leaf samples derived from in vitro propagation of the Pisifera S8 and S24 parents.
Species composition and richness of viable seed bank after fire events in Mount Ciremai National Park and Kuningan Botanic Gardens, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Ekasari Indriani , Sadono Ronggo , Marsono Djoko , Witono Joko Ridho
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Ekasari I, Sadono R, Marsono D, Witono JR. 2021. Species composition and richness of viable seed bank after fire events in Mount Ciremai National Park and Kuningan Botanic Gardens, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3437-3447. Forest fire is an environmental disaster that can decline ecosystem function and restoration efforts must be considered to restore forest ecosystems after fire events. Natural regeneration using existing soil seed banks is a promising approach in restoration due to its advantage in terms of minimizing cost. This study aimed to examine the species composition and richness of germinable seed banks in several post-fire sites in Mount Ciremai National Park (MNCP) and Kuningan Botanic Gardens (KGB), West Java, Indonesia. One hundred fifty-eight soil samples were collected from the study sites representing fire events (i.e., four post-fire sites and one non-fire site), and soil depths (i.e., upper, middle, and lower). The collection of soil samples and identification of seedlings emergence were conducted from September 2019 to February 2020. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and correspondence analysis using SPSS Version 22. In total, 4626 emergence seedlings were recorded, belonging to 158 species and 58 families in which 41 families in the upper soil layer, 35 families in the middle soil layer, and 33 families in the lower soil layer. The results showed that Poaceae, Asteraceae, and Euphorbiaceae as the most dominant families. The upper soil layer of post-fire site 2018 had the highest species richness (R=11.98), while the lower soil layer of post-fire site 2012 had the lowest species richness (R=2.64). Our findings suggest that when carrying out restoration activities in post-fire areas, it is preferable to use native species that do not compete with species persisted in soil seed banks.
Short Communication: Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Fagonia longispina (Zygophyllaceae) of Algerian
Authors: Ziane Laid , DJELLOULI MOHAMMED , BERGHIOUA ABDELAZIZ
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Ziane L, Djellouli M, Berghioua A. 2021. Short Communication: Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Fagonia longispina (Zygophyllaceae) of Algerian. Biodiversitas 22: 3448-3453. The study's aim is to discover the antioxidant, antibacterial efficacy and identifying the main constituents of the essential oil of Fagonia longispina from southwest of Algeria. The essential oil from the aerial parts of the endemic plant Fagonia longispina collected from the region of Sahara southwest of Algeria was isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.  Our work was designed then, to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Fagonia longispina by DPPH free radical scavenging and HPTLC techniques. Antibacterial potency of essential oil from this plant has been tested against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and Bacillus cereus (ATCC11778) by disk diffusion assay. We found that the chemical profile of the essential oil revealed the presence of 14 compounds: Trans–Pinocarveol (3.14 %), Panisaldehyd (4.24 %), Trans geraniol (3.05 %), carvacrol 18.72 %), Elemicin (22.85 %), (Z,E) Farnesol (15.69 %), Caryophyllene oxide (2.68 %), Alpha-curcumene (1.75 %), Germacrene D (4.22 %), longipinane (2.89 %) and ?-Terpinine (2.74 %). The antioxidant assay showed that the essential oil could scavenge DPPH (IC50 values of 2.1959 mg/mL free radical. The essential oil exhibits very effective antimicrobial activity using disk diffusion assay method with minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 0.75 ?L/mL to 1.9714 ?L/mL. These results showed that this native plant may be a good candidate for further biological and pharmacological investigations.
The dietary, productivity, and economic value of swiftlet (Aerodramus fuciphagus) farming in East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: MURSIDAH Mursidah , Lahjie Abubakar M. , MASJAYA MASJAYA , RAYADIN YAYA , RUSLIM YOSEP , JUDINNUR MEIDI B. , ANDY ANDY
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Mursidah, Lahjie AM, Masjaya, Rayadin Y, Ruslim Y, Judinnur MB, Andy. 2021. The dietary, productivity, and economic value of swiftlet (Aerodramus fuciphagus) farming in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2528-2537. Edible-nest swiftlets have many health benefits. The availability of edible-nest swiftlets from caves is decreasing, while the demand for edible-nest swiftlets is getting higher. Swiftlet farming is carried out to meet this demand. The location of swiftlet farming should be close to the feeding sources. Swiftlet is flying insectivorous animals. A financial feasibility assessment is carried out to determine the feasibility of the business. This study aims to determine the composition of land cover, determine the insect order of feed sources, and analyze the production and financial feasibility of swiftlet farming. The study was carried out from June to December 2019. The composition of land cover was determined using the supervised classification method, the order of insects was known using the insect determination key, while production and financial feasibility were analyzed using the Net B/C, NPV, IRR, and PP methods. The observed location and swiftlet farming were determined purposefully. The results of this study show that the land cover was dominated by shrubs (56.58%) and secondary forest (27.3%); both types of land cover are suitable for swiftlet farming locations. The dominant insects found in shrubs and wetland shrubs are Diptera (78.25%), in rice fields are Diptera (86.7%) and in oil palm plantations are Diptera (29.4%) and Hymenoptera (27.78%). Edible-nest swiftlets harvest begins in the third year, with a production period of between 17-34 years. From the financial feasibility, it can be concluded that swiftlet farming is feasible.
Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of higher termite Globitermes sulphureus (Haviland)(Blattodea:Termitidae)
Authors: Hussin Nurul Akmar , Ab Majid Abdul Hafiz
Published: June 2021

The subterranean higher termite Globitermes sulphureus (Blattodea: Termitidae), is a peridomestic forager and regarded as a significant pest in Southeast Asia. In this study, the populations of G. sulphureus from the USM main campus area were investigated based on partial sequences of the mitochondrial COII gene. The genetic diversity was determined using DnaSP v5 software while the phylogenetic relationship was defined using Neighbor-joining (NJ) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods using Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA 7) software. A total of 2 haplotypes were detected among the 5 sample sequences that differed by two variable sites. In addition, both phylogenetic trees gave similar topology and supporting the results from haplotype diversity. Based on the haplotype diversity and molecular phylogeny, it is proposed that geographic isolation and lack of human activities have contributed to the neutral genetic diversity of G. sulphureus.
Universal approach for local higher-order wavefront tracing equations for complex optical systems
Authors: Becken W. , Trumm S. , Kerner P. , Muschielok A. , Altheimer H. , Esser G. , Uttenweiler D.
Published: June 2021

Analytical wave tracing, including higher-order aberrations, is the state of the art, but at present it is only provided for single propagation or refraction. A complex optical system being a sequence of many refractive surfaces and gaps in between can only be treated by successive application of elementary wave-tracing steps, which is time-consuming for a large number of surfaces or even impossible if a system specification by surfaces is not available. Provided the ray transfer properties of a system are summarized as a nonlinear function

f

whose Jacobian is the ABCD matrix of the system, by multiple derivative we obtain wave-tracing equations for the wavefront’s local derivatives of any desired order. The outgoing wavefront derivative of any order can be written as a sum of multinomials of derivatives of the incoming wavefront, weighted by system-dependent coefficients and by powers of the factor

β
=

(
A
−
B

E
2

)

−
1

, where

E
2

is the second-order aberration of the incoming wavefront. Compared to stepwise wave tracing, this approach is extremely efficient when tracing many different wavefronts through one fixed optical system.
Single-frequency 1.7-μm Tm-doped fiber laser with optical bistability of both power and longitudinal mode behavior
Authors: Zhang Junxiang , Sheng Quan , Zhang Lu , Shi Chaodu , Sun Shuai , Bai Xiaolei , Shi Wei , Yao Jianquan
Published: June 2021

The single-frequency operation of a thulium fiber laser at a short wavelength of 1720 nm is investigated in a ring resonator. Powerful single-longitudinal-mode operation was realized by utilizing an unpumped thulium-doped fiber as the saturable absorber. The fiber laser delivered 407 mW single-frequency output with a spectral linewidth of 4.4 kHz under 2.7-W launched pump power at 1570 nm, which turned to multi-longitudinal-mode operation at higher pump powers. Additionally, optical bistability of both output power and longitudinal mode behavior, originating from the saturable absorption effect, were observed and discussed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first efficient 1.7-μm single-frequency fiber laser as well as the first demonstration of optical bistability in thulium-doped fiber lasers.
In vivo measurement of the lineal density of red blood cells in human retinal capillaries using high-speed adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy
Authors: Gu Boyu , Sarraf David , Ip Michael , Sadda Srinivas R. , Zhang Yuhua
Published: June 2021

We present an automated method for measuring the lineal density of red blood cells (RBCs) in human retinal capillaries using adaptive optics near-confocal ophthalmoscopy (AONCO). The spatiotemporal traces of RBCs flowing in retinal capillaries were extracted from AONCO images, enhanced using the Gabor filter, the vesselness filter, and the Hough transform. A total of 43 capillary segments (each 50 µm long) were analyzed in 12 eyes of 12 subjects, and the measurement error of the automated method was 0.09 cell over 50 µm compared with results obtained by manual counting. Our method provides a tool for assessing RBC spatial distribution in retinal capillaries.
Light field microscopy based on structured light illumination
Authors: Fu Zhiqiang , Geng Qiang , Chen Jialong , Chu Li-An , Chiang Ann-Shyn , Chen Shih-Chi
Published: June 2021

In this Letter, we present the modeling, design, and characterization of a light sheet-based structured light illumination (SLI) light field microscopy (LFM) system for fast 3D imaging, where a digital micromirror device is employed to rapidly generate designed sinusoidal patterns in the imaging field. Specifically, we sequentially obtain uniformly illuminated and structured light field images, followed by post-processing with a new, to the best of our knowledge, algorithm that combines the deconvolution and HiLo algorithms. This enables fast volumetric imaging with improved optical cross-sectioning capability at a speed of 50 volumes per second over an imaging field of

250
×
250
×
80

µ

m
3

in the

x

,

y

, and

z

axis, respectively. Mathematical models have been derived to explain the performance enhancement due to suppressed background noises. To verify the results, imaging experiments on fluorescence beads, fern spore, and Drosophila brain samples, have been performed. The results indicate that the light sheet-based SLI-LFM presents a fast 3D imaging solution with substantially improved optical cross-sectioning capability in comparison with a standard light sheet-based LFM. The new light field imaging method may find important applications in the field of biophotonics.
Kerr-lens mode-locked Tm-doped sesquioxide ceramic laser
Authors: Zhao Yongguang , Wang Li , Chen Weidong , Loiko Pavel , Wang Yicheng , Pan Zhongben , Yang Hanlin , Jing Wei , Huang Hui , Liu Jiachen , Mateos Xavier , Wang Zhengping , Xu Xinguang , Griebner Uwe , Petrov Valentin
Published: June 2021

Kerr-lens mode-locked solid-state laser operation at

∼

2

µ

m

is investigated. Using a

T
m

3
+

-doped

(

L
u

,

S
c

)
2

O

3

“mixed” sesquioxide ceramic as a gain medium, pulses as short as 58 fs are generated at

∼

2081

n
m

via soft-aperture Kerr-lens mode locking. The average output power amounts to 220 mW at a pulse repetition rate of 84.8 MHz. The emitted spectrum at the long-wavelength wing extends to

>

2.2

µ

m

which is attributed to vibronic transitions of the

T

m

3
+

ions. The latter is found to be essential for generating pulses with durations in the 50 fs range.
Flexible four-dimensional optical data storage enabled by single-pulse femtosecond laser irradiation in thermoplastic polyurethane
Authors: Chen Weiliang , Yan Zhi , Tian Jie , Liu Siyuan , Gao Jichao , Zhang Jingyu
Published: June 2021

Herein, a flexible four-dimensional optical data storage technique is demonstrated by harnessing ultrafast laser-induced fluorophores in thermoplastic polyurethane. By modulating the pulse energy of a 515 nm laser, data voxels with multilevel fluorescence signals can be generated and encoded. The readout accuracy of the encoded multilayer information remains at 92.2% after 50 bending cycles, demonstrating the feasibility of our technology for data recording based on a roll-to-roll method. The generation of fluorophores by only a single femtosecond laser pulse provides the ability to record data beyond 20 MB/s.
Rapid and sound assessment of well-being within a multi-dimensional approach: The Well-being Numerical Rating Scales (WB-NRSs)
Authors: Bonacchi Andrea , Chiesi Francesca , Lau Chloe , Marunic Georgia , Saklofske Donald H. , Marra Fabio , Miccinesi Guido
Published: June 2021

The assessment of well-being remains an important topic for many disciplines including medical, psychological, social, educational, and economic fields. The present study assesses the reliability and validity of a five-item instrument for evaluating physical, psychological, spiritual, relational, and general well-being. This measure uniquely utilizes a segmented numeric version of the visual analog scale in which a respondent selects a whole number that best reflects the intensity of the investigated characteristic. In study one, 939 clinical (i.e., diagnosed with cancer and liver disease with cirrhosis) and non-clinical (i.e., undergraduate students and their family and acquaintances) participants between the ages of 18 to 87 years (M= 47.20 years,SD= 19.62, 54% males) were recruited. Results showed items have strong discriminant ability and the spread of threshold parameters attests to the appropriateness of the response categories. Moreover, convergent and discriminant validity were found with other self-report measures (e.g., depression, anxiety, optimism, well-being) and the measure showed responsiveness to two separate interventions for clinical populations. In study two, 287 Canadian (ages ranged from 18 to 30 years;M= 20.78,SD= 3.32; 23% males) and 342 Italian undergraduate psychology students (age ranged from 18 to 29 years,M= 21.21 years,SD= 1.73, 38% males) were recruited to complete self-report questionnaires. IRT-based differential item functioning analyses provided evidence that the item properties were similar for the Italian and English versions of the scale. Additionally, the validity results obtained in study one were replicated and similar relationships between criterion variables were found when comparing the Italian- and the English-speaking samples. Overall, the current study provides evidence that the Italian and English versions of the WB-NRSs offer added value in research focused on well-being and in assessing well-being changes prompted by intervention programs.
Impact of social distancing on the spread of common respiratory viruses during the coronavirus disease outbreak
Authors: Kim Min-Chul , Kweon Oh Joo , Lim Yong Kwan , Choi Seong-Ho , Chung Jin-Won , Lee Mi-Kyung
Published: June 2021

During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, social distancing was effective in controlling disease spread across South Korea. The impact of national social distancing on the spread of common respiratory virus infections has rarely been investigated. We evaluated the weekly proportion of negative respiratory virus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test results and weekly positive rates of each respiratory virus during the social distancing period (10th–41st weeks of 2020) and the corresponding period in different years, utilizing the national respiratory virus surveillance dataset reported by the Korean Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The proportions of negative respiratory virus PCR test results increased up to 87.8% and 86.1% during level 3 and level 2 of the social distancing period, respectively. The higher the level of social distancing, the higher the proportion of negative respiratory virus PCR test results. During the social distancing period, the mean weekly positive rates for parainfluenza virus, influenza virus, human coronavirus, and human metapneumovirus were significantly lower than those during the same period in 2015–2019 (0.1% vs. 9.3%, P <0.001; 0.1% vs. 7.2%, P <0.001; 0.4% vs. 2.3%, P <0.001; and 0.2% vs. 5.3%, P <0.001, respectively). The mean positive rate for rhinovirus/enterovirus during level 3 social distancing was lower than that in the same period in 2015–2019 (8.5% vs. 19.0%, P <0.001), but the rate during level 1 social distancing was higher than that in the same period in 2015–2019 (38.3% vs. 19.4%, P <0.001). The national application of social distancing reduced the spread of common respiratory virus infections during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Egyptian patients’/guardians’ experiences and perception about clinical informed consent and its purpose: Cross sectional study
Authors: Metwally Ammal M. , Amer Hala A. , Salama Hend I. , Abd El Hady Safaa I. , Alam Raefa R. , Aboulghate Ahmed , Mohamed Hanan A. , Badran Hanan M. , Saadallah Amal A. , El-Sonbaty Marwa M. , Eltahlawy Eman , Saad Walaa , Mohsen Amira , Abdel-Latif Ghada A. , Fathy Asmaa M. , Hassanain Amal I. , Eldali Abdelmoneim
Published: June 2021

Background

Informed consent (IC) is a healthcare standard emphasizing the meaning of human dignity as clarified in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Data about IC practices in Egypt is insufficient. This study aimed to assess the Egyptian patients’/guardians’ experiences about IC and their expectations about its practices’ purposes in general and according to the type of the healthcare facility.

Methods

Self-administered questionnaire was carried out for 1092 participants who had undergone or were scheduled to a procedure requiring an IC at three studied types for Egyptian health care facilities. Ten statements were ranked twice by the participants to reflect their perception of IC purpose as per what is currently practiced and what they believe should be practiced.

Results

IC implementation varies significantly (p<0.05) across the health care facilities in Egypt. The percentage of its implementation at the non-governmental facilities, governmental facilities, and university hospital was 85.9%, 77.8%, and 63.8 respectively. The first three ranked purposes of the current IC practices were: “Helping patient/guardian decide (64.9%)”, “Documenting patient’s/guardian’s decision (59.3%)”, and “Having shared decision (57.3%)”. The perceived purposes of IC to be practiced were: “Informing the patient/guardian (68.4%)”, “Making sure patient/guardian understand (65.3%)” and “Documenting patients/guardians decisions (65.1%)”. “Being a meaningless routine” was reported by the majority to be ranked as a low purpose for IC current and preferred practices.

Conclusion

The practice of IC is common within the Egyptian medical community. Participants believe that information disclosure “Making sure patients understand” has to help in IC decision making and its main purpose. However, unfortunately, this is not perceived as a current purpose of IC. There was consensus agreement that documenting the patient’s/guardian’s decision and informing the patient/guardian are perceived as both important current and preferred purposes for IC practices.
Sex differences in the incidence, mortality, and fatality of COVID-19 in Peru
Authors: Ramírez-Soto Max Carlos , Arroyo-Hernández Hugo , Ortega-Cáceres Gutia
Published: June 2021

Background

There is a worrying lack of epidemiological data on the sex differential in COVID-19 infection and death rates between the regions of Peru.

Methods

Using cases and death data from the national population-based surveillance system of Peru, we estimated incidence, mortality and fatality, stratified by sex, age and geographic distribution (per 100,000 habitants) from March 16 to November 27, 2020. At the same time, we calculated the risk of COVID-19 death.

Results

During the study period, 961894 cases and 35913 deaths were reported in Peru. Men had a twofold higher risk of COVID-19 death within the overall population of Peru (odds ratio (OR), 2.11; confidence interval (CI) 95%; 2.06–2.16;p<0.00001), as well as 20 regions of Peru, compared to women (p<0.05). There were variations in incidence, mortality and fatality rates stratified by sex, age, and region. The incidence rate was higher among men than among women (3079 vs. 2819 per 100,000 habitants, respectively). The mortality rate was two times higher in males than in females (153 vs. 68 per 100,000 habitants, respectively). The mortality rates increased with age, and were high in men 60 years of age or older. The fatality rate was two times higher in men than in women (4.96% vs. 2.41%, respectively), and was high in men 50 years of age or older.

Conclusions

These findings show the higher incidence, mortality and fatality rates among men than among women from Peru. These rates vary widely by region, and men are at greater risk of COVID-19 death. In addition, the mortality and fatality rates increased with age, and were most predominant in men 50 years of age or older.
Flipped classroom en la enseñanza de las matemáticas: una revisión sistemática.
Authors: Fornons Jou Vicent , Palau Martin Ramon
Published: June 2021

La metodología Flipped Classroom (FC) ha ido ganado protagonismo a lo largo de los últimos años en las distintas etapas de escolarización. Una muestra de ello es el número creciente de artículos sobre la FC que se puede encontrar en las revistas científicas. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la producción científica sobre la FC en el área de la enseñanza de las matemáticas, para comprobar su efecto en los estudiantes. Se han determinado 5 variables de análisis: el rendimiento académico, la autopercepción de los estudiantes, el rol adquirido por los estudiantes, la interacción social y las actitudes hacia las clases de matemáticas. Las bases de datos internacionales consultadas para llevar a cabo la revisión sistemática fueron Scopus y Web Of Science(WoS), donde se obtuvieron 215 y 198 documentos respectivamente; habiendo fijado el periodo de tiempo de la búsqueda entre 2010 y 2020. Después de las exclusiones quedaron 86 artículos que comprenden a 20.027 estudiantes fueron sometidos a nuestro meta-análisis. Los resultados muestran que la utilización de la FC favorece el aprendizaje de las matemáticas en distintos aspectos como son el rendimiento académico, la participación activa, la motivación, el interés y la interacción entre alumnos y entre alumnos y docente.
What does ‘risk’ mean in municipal solid waste management?
Authors: Araiza-Aguilar Juan Antonio , Cram-Heydrich Silke , Ruiz-Rivera Naxhelli , Oropeza-Orozco Oralia , Fernández-Lomelín María Del Pilar , Rojas-Valencia María Neftalí
Published: June 2021

In the field of solid waste management, key concepts such as risk, impact and hazards have been used interchangeably and have had imprecise meanings and scopes; this can lead to a partial or biased vision, for example in relation to municipal solid waste management policies. This paper analyzes the use and diverse meanings of the concept of risk and its components in the scientific literature that addresses the issue of urban solid waste, from 1970 to 2020. It shows that the concept has been approached from various perspectives and interpretations. Economic and health crises can surprisingly increase risks and waste as in 2020. Waste composition has changed, since protective equipment against the coronavirus has been mixed with household waste. Of all risk components, vulnerability has been the least addressed in the literature, because technical aspects such as hazard modelling predominate in this field. Most of the publications have studied the final disposal stage, given that open dumpsites and landfills are still the most common methods for disposing of solid waste. Finally, a reference framework is proposed.
Urethral configuration and mobility during urine leaking described using real-time transperineal ultrasonography
Authors: Zhao Baihua , Wen Lieming , Liu Dan , Huang Shanya
Published: June 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore differences in the bladder neck configuration and segmental urethral mobility during the cough stress test (CST) in the supine and standing positions between women with and without stress urinary incontinence (SUI).Methods: This prospective study included 100 control women and 100 incontinent women who had a CST with transperineal ultrasonography. The bladder neck configuration and urethral mobility were described in terms of urethral funneling, bladder neck descent (BND), retrovesical angle (RVA), urethral rotation angle, and urethral mobility at six points along the urethra (vectors 1 to 6). The two groups’ ultrasound findings in the two positions were compared.Results: Valid data were collected from 78 control women and 90 women with SUI. Significant differences were found in age and body mass index between the two groups (P<0.01). Urethral funneling was found in 33 women (36.7%) with SUI and five continent women (6.4%) and altered little in the standing position. In the standing position, the mean RVA significantly increased (160° to 179°, P<0.001) in the SUI group; The mean vector of points 1 to 6 significantly increased in the control group (all P<0.001). The RVA, BND, and vectors 1 to 4 were significantly greater (all P≤0.01) in women with SUI than without, in both positions.Conclusion: Urethral funneling was an intrinsic anatomical characteristic relative to SUI. Weak upper- and mid-urethral support and an unstable connection between the trigone and proximal urethra were the anatomical signs of SUI.
Differentiation of face and auricular shape resulting from diabetes and hypertension in the elderly
Authors: Nunes Lorena Andrade , Casotti Cezar Augusto , Araújo Edilson Divino de
Published: June 2021

The prevalence global of noncommunicable chronic diseases as diabetes and hypertension worldwide has been disregarded until recently by policy makers. In addition, these diseases have growing with the aging of the population. This study sought to identify changes in face shape from the frontal and side views in elderly people diagnosed with diabetes and hypertension. 205 individuals were studied, with 60 years or more, from both sexes, with different ethnicities, and cognition intact. With a digital camera, photos were taken of the front and side and based on these images landmarks for measurement were determined. For statistical analysis, ANOVA, Canonical Variates Analysis, Mahalanobis distance and Thin-Plate Spline were realized. Given sexual dimorphism, the sexes were analyzed separately. From the ANOVA, significant differences (p<0.01) for individuals with diabetes, hypertension, and patients with both or neither of the diseases were observed. The groups were separated by the Canonical Variates and Mahalanobis distance and independent of edentulism, sex or ethnicity. A morphofacial characteristics for the front and side views (especially in the ear region) that identified individuals with these chronic diseases was observed. This methodology can contribute in a specific manner to the identification of at risk populations and help to promote preventative measures for these conditions.
Violência obstétrica
Authors: Silva Samyla de Almeida , Garcia Luísa Pessoni de Carvalho , Alves Thiago Henrique Evangelista , Inácio Maria Cecília
Published: June 2021

O artigo tem o objetivo de despertar reflexões em defesa do uso do termo “violência obstétrica” frente à postura do Ministério da Saúde e do Conselho Federal de Medicina em evitá-lo e aboli-lo. Entende-se que essa postura anula a constituição social, histórica e cultural da expressão e banaliza a agressão sofrida por mulheres no momento, durante e após o parto. Dessa forma, buscou-se demonstrar a importância do uso do vocábulo por meio de conceituações e caracterizações, bem como pela abordagem de breve histórico sobre a sua gradual notoriedade como questão de violação dos direitos humanos fundamentais. Ademais, o trabalho sugere a manutenção da expressão e espera colaborar para a sensibilização do leitor sobre esse tipo de violência.
Formação permanente de professores a partir da trama conceitual freireana
Authors: Miranda Helga Porto , Barreto Neta Lormina
Published: June 2021

O presente texto visa apresentar reflexões a partir da trama conceitual freireana que foi construída a partir das ponderações realizadas na Cátedra Paulo Freire, na Pontifícia Católica de São Paulo, da qual elegemos para essa análise a categoria: Formação Permanente de professores, a partir da leitura e reflexão da obra de Paulo Freire: Política e Educação: Ensaios (2001), A importância do ato de ler: em três artigos que se completam (1989), Professora sim; tia, não: Cartas a quem ousa ensinar (2017), Medo e ousadia: cotidiano do professor (1986) e O caminho se faz caminhando: conversas sobre educação e mudança social (2011). Essa reflexão contribuiu para pensar a formação dos professores considerando a possibilidade de desenvolver a conscientização, criticidade e humanização do profissional, assim como orienta o currículo, as práticas pedagógicas e os processos de ensino e aprendizagem. Para alcançarmos esse objetivo, é necessário haver diálogo, participação e autonomia dos professores.
Formação docente para educação de jovens e adultos e educação popular na UFPB
Authors: Lima Erica Lira Albuquerque de , Leite Ivonaldo Neres , Santos Tays de Sousa
Published: June 2021

Este artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar algumas contribuições que o Projeto PET/Conexões de Saberes Acesso e Permanência de Jovens de Origem Popular: Diálogos Universidade-Comunidade tem proporcionado à formação docente dos estudantes de licenciaturas da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (Campus I) desde 2010. Do ponto de vista metodológico, afiliando-se à pesquisa qualitativa, o trabalho é operacionalizado mediante dois procedimentos: incursão bibliográfica e narrativas da experiência vivida no projeto. O trabalho tem em vista algumas referências, como Freire (1996), Calaça (2016), Gadotti (2014), Di Pierro e Haddad (2000), Bonfim e Ventura (2015). Conclusivamente, é assinalado, por exemplo, que o Projeto aporta contribuições, tanto do ponto de vista macro como micro, no sentido de formar educadores críticos e sensíveis à realidade escolar das classes populares, principalmente no que se refere à educação de jovens e adultos.
Research on the improvement of single tree segmentation algorithm based on airborne LiDAR point cloud
Authors: Chen Qiuji , Wang Xin , Hang Mengru , Li Jiye
Published: June 2021

The correct individual tree segmentation of the forest is necessary for extracting the additional information of trees, such as tree height, crown width, and other tree parameters. With the development of LiDAR technology, the research method of individual tree segmentation based on point cloud data has become a focus of the research community. In this work, the research area is located in an underground coal mine in Shenmu City, Shaanxi Province, China. Vegetation information with and without leaves in this coal mining area are obtained with airborne LiDAR to conduct the research. In this study, we propose hybrid clustering technique by combining DBSCAN and K-means for segmenting individual trees based on airborne LiDAR point cloud data. First, the point cloud data are processed for denoising and filtering. Then, the pre-processed data are projected to the XOY plane for DBSCAN clustering. The number and coordinates of clustering centers are obtained, which are used as an input for K-means clustering algorithm. Finally, the results of individual tree segmentation of the forest in the mining area are obtained. The simulation results and analysis show that the new method proposed in this paper outperforms other methods in forest segmentation in mining area. This provides effective technical support and data reference for the study of forest in mining areas.
Reportage 4.0
Authors: Retzlaff Stefanie
Published: June 2021

The article illuminates Heike Geißler’s book Saisonarbeit’s relation to the tradition of the reportage genre since the 19th century, and shows why this genre is of current relevance, especially in view of the latest restructuring of work. Although talk of the widespread digitalization of labor implies a fundamental transformation of its conditions, the mail-order business represented in Saisonarbeit tends to evoke reminiscences of past phases of capitalist production. It is precisely here that the reportage has a special function as a report of vivid experiences.
Wahrheit – Zusammenhang – Therapie
Authors: Rohde Carsten
Published: June 2021

While autobiographical research in literary studies has recently focused mainly on aesthetic and theoretical aspects (for example, in the discussion of ‘autofiction’), this article focuses on the variety of autobiographical writing at the present time. It provides an outline of the autobiographical genre spectrum linked to the three principal purposes (truth, coherence, therapy), which regulate the ‘autobiographical desire’ at the beginning of the 21st century.