bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The CXCR4 and adhesion molecule expression of CD34+ hematopoietic cells mobilized by “on‐demand” addition of plerixafor to granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor
Authors: Girbl Tamara , Lunzer Verena , Greil Richard , Namberger Konrad , Hartmann Tanja Nicole
Published: March 2014

Background

Granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) is routinely used for mobilization of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells preceding autologous transplantation after high‐dose chemotherapy in hematologic malignancies. However, due to high mobilization failure rates, alternative mobilization strategies are required.

Study Design and Methods

Patients who poorly mobilized CD34+ hematopoietic cells (HCs) with G‐CSF additionally received the CXCR4 antagonist plerixafor. The phenotype of CD34+ HCs collected after this plerixafor‐induced “rescue” mobilization, in regard to adhesion molecule and CD133, CD34, and CD38 expression in comparison to CD34+ HCs collected after traditional G‐CSF administration in good mobilizers, was analyzed flow cytometrically. To confirm previous studies in our patient cohort, the efficiency of mobilization and subsequent engraftment after this “on‐demand” plerixafor mobilization were analyzed.

Results

Pronounced mobilization occurred after plerixafor administration in poor mobilizers, resulting in similar CD34+ cell yields as obtained by G‐CSF in good mobilizers, whereby plerixafor increased the content of primitive CD133+/CD34+/CD38– cells. The surface expression profiles of the marrow homing and retention receptors CXCR4, VLA‐4, LFA‐1, and CD44 on mobilized CD34+ cells and hematopoietic recovery after transplantation were similar in patients receiving G‐CSF plus plerixafor or G‐CSF. Unexpectedly, the expression levels of respective adhesion receptors were not related to mobilization efficiency or engraftment.

Conclusion

The results show that CD34+ HCs collected by plerixafor‐induced rescue mobilization are qualitatively equivalent to CD34+ HCs collected after traditional G‐CSF mobilization in good mobilizers, in regard to their adhesive phenotype and engraftment potential. Thereby, plerixafor facilitates the treatment of poor mobilizers with autologous HC transplantation after high‐dose chemotherapy.
Full-Genome Sequences of Influenza H3N2 Virus Strains Isolated from Finnish Patients during the 2012-2013 Epidemic Season
Authors: Lakspere Triin , Kallio-Kokko Hannimari , Kantele Anu , Mattila Pirkko , Almusa Henrikki , Kainov Denis , Kakkola Laura
Published: March 2014

Here, we sequenced 10 influenza A(H3N2) virus genomes isolated from Finnish patients diagnosed with flu-like illness during the 2012-2013 influenza season. The alignment showed a high number of amino acid substitutions (238 in total) in only 10 samples, proving that a high mutation rate exists in seasonal influenza A viruses.
Genome Sequence of Proteus mirabilis Clinical Isolate C05028
Authors: Shi Xiaolu , Zhu Yuanfang , Li Yinghui , Jiang Min , Lin Yiman , Qiu Yaqun , Chen Qiongcheng , Yuan Yanting , Ni Peixiang , Hu Qinghua , Huang Shenghe
Published: March 2014

Genomic DNA of
Proteus mirabilis
C05028 was sequenced by an Illumina HiSeq platform and was assembled to 39 scaffolds with a total length of 3.8 Mb. Next, open reading frames (ORFs) were identified and were annotated by the KEGG, COG, and NR databases. Finally, we found special virulence factors only existing in
P. mirabilis
C05028.
Draft Genome Sequence of Actinomadura madurae LIID-AJ290, Isolated from a Human Mycetoma Case
Authors: Vera-Cabrera Lucio , Ortiz-Lopez Rocio , Elizondo-González Ramiro , Campos-Rivera Mayra Paola , Gallardo-Rocha Anabel , Molina-Torres Carmen Amelia , Ocampo-Candiani Jorge
Published: March 2014

Here we present the draft genome sequence of a member of the
Thermomonosporaceae
,
Actinomadura madurae
LIID-AJ290, isolated from a human case of mycetoma. The assembly contains 10,308,866 bp. This is to our knowledge the first reported genome of a human-pathogenic
Actinomadura
species.
Genome Sequences of Rhinovirus B Isolates from Wisconsin Pediatric Respiratory Studies
Authors: Liggett Stephen B. , Bochkov Yury A. , Pappas Tressa , Lemanske Robert F. , Gern James E. , Sengamalay Naomi , Zhao Xuechu , Su Qi , Fraser Claire M. , Palmenberg Ann C.
Published: March 2014

Nearly full-length RNA genome sequences for 39 rhinovirus B isolates (RV-B), representing 13 different genotypes, were resolved as part of ongoing studies at the University of Wisconsin that attempt to link rhinovirus (RV) diversity and respiratory disease in infants.
Draft Genome Sequence of Cytophaga fermentans JCM 21142
T
, a Facultative Anaerobe Isolated from Marine Mud
Authors: Starns David , Oshima Kenshiro , Suda Wataru , Iino Takao , Yuki Masahiro , Inoue Jun-Ichi , Kitamura Keiko , Iida Toshiya , Darby Alistair , Hattori Masahira , Ohkuma Moriya
Published: March 2014

Cytophaga fermentans
strain JCM 21142
T
is a marine-dwelling facultative anaerobe. The draft genome sequence of this strain revealed its diverse chemoorganotrophic potential, which makes it capable of metabolizing various polysaccharide substrates. The genome data will facilitate further studies on its taxonomic reclassification, its metabolism, and the mechanisms pertaining to bacterial gliding.
Genome Sequence of the Octopine-Type Agrobacterium tumefaciens Strain Ach5
Authors: Henkel Christiaan V. , den Dulk-Ras Amke , Zhang Xiaorong , Hooykaas Paul J. J.
Published: March 2014

We have sequenced the complete genome of the plant pathogen
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
strain LBA4213, a derivative of the wild-type strain
A. tumefaciens
Ach5 and the ancestor of
A. tumefaciens
strain LBA4404 used in genetic engineering. The genome consists of a circular chromosome and a linear chromosome, as well as a megaplasmid and a tumor-inducing plasmid.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two
Lactobacillus
Strains,
L. farraginis
JCM 14108
T
and
L. composti
JCM 14202
T
, Isolated from Compost of Distilled Shōchū Residue
Authors: Yuki Masahiro , Oshima Kenshiro , Suda Wataru , Kitahara Maki , Kitamura Keiko , Iida Toshiya , Hattori Masahira , Ohkuma Moriya
Published: March 2014

Here, we report the draft genome sequences of two type strains of
Lactobacillus
,
Lactobacillus farraginis
JCM 14108
T
and
Lactobacillus composti
JCM 14202
T
, isolated from the compost of distilled shōchū residue. Their genome information will be useful for studies of ecological and physiological functions of these
Lactobacillus
species.
Arthroprosthetic cobaltism and pseudotumour also occur in patients with small diameter femoral ball head metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasties
Authors: Roessler Philip P , Witt Florian , Efe Turgay , Schmitt Jan
Published: March 2014

Metal-on-metal implants have been widely discredited in public during the past few months. At the same time patients' awareness has risen leading to an increased number of consultations regarding the topic. As hip resurfacings and total hip arthroplasties with large diameter femoral ball heads are already known for excessive metal wear, even small diameter ball heads with low friction get into focus now. We report a case of a 75-year-old man with recurrent hip pain almost 14 years after low friction metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty. In addition to elevated serum cobalt levels, a type IV sensitivity reaction to cobalt could be noted. Explantation of a highly worn small diameter femoral ball head as well as development of the so-called pseudotumour indicate that all patients should be screened for signs of metal wear regardless of their specific risk factors or the type of metal-on-metal implant.
Central pontine myelinolysis: electrolytes and beyond
Authors: Mascarenhas J V , Jude E B
Published: March 2014

Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM), which is a component of the osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS), is a frequent neurological complication that follows rapid correction of hyponatraemia. However, there are other predisposing risk factors (chronic alcoholism, hypokalaemia) that perpetuate the development of ODS. We report a case of a 39-year-old woman with a history of chronic alcoholism who presented to us with progressive neurological deficits (paraparesis, paresthesias). She was initially detected to have coexisting hypokalaemia which was eventually rectified with potassium supplementation. However, she continued to experience progressive worsening of her neurological symptoms despite adequate potassium supplementation. Therefore, a neurological opinion was sought for and she was diagnosed with CPM based on a background of chronic alcoholism and malnutrition; an MRI of the brain showed a hyperintense signal in the central pontine region. Following the diagnosis of CPM, she was rehabilitated with occupational and physiotherapy.
Collagenous sprue: a coeliac disease look-alike with different treatment strategy
Authors: Soendergaard Christoffer , Riis Lene Buhl , Nielsen Ole Haagen
Published: March 2014

Collagenous sprue is a rare clinicopathological condition of the small bowel. It is characterised by abnormal subepithelial collagen deposition and is typically associated with malabsorption, diarrhoea and weight loss. The clinical features of collagenous sprue often resemble those of coeliac disease and together with frequent histological findings like mucosal thinning and intraepithelial lymphocytosis the diagnosis may be hard to reach without awareness of this condition. While coeliac disease is treated using gluten restriction, collagenous sprue is, however, not improved by this intervention. In cases of diet-refractory ‘coeliac disease’ it is therefore essential to consider collagenous sprue to initiate treatment at an early stage to prevent the fibrotic progression. Here, we report a case of a 78-year-old man with collagenous sprue and present the clinical and histological manifestations as well as the successful treatment course that he underwent.
An observational study of giant cell interstitial pneumonia and lung fibrosis in hard metal lung disease
Authors: Tanaka Junichi , Moriyama Hiroshi , Terada Masaki , Takada Toshinori , Suzuki Eiichi , Narita Ichiei , Kawabata Yoshinori , Yamaguchi Tetsuo , Hebisawa Akira , Sakai Fumikazu , Arakawa Hiroaki
Published: March 2014

Background

Hard metal lung disease has various pathological patterns including giant cell interstitial pneumonia (GIP) and usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). Although the UIP pattern is considered the prominent feature in advanced disease, it is unknown whether GIP finally progresses to the UIP pattern.

Objectives

To clarify clinical, pathological and elemental differences between the GIP and UIP patterns in hard metal lung disease.

Methods

A cross-sectional study of patients from 17 institutes participating in the 10th annual meeting of the Tokyo Research Group for Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Diseases, 2009. Nineteen patients (seven female) diagnosed with hard metal lung disease by the presence of tungsten in lung specimens were studied.

Results

Fourteen cases were pathologically diagnosed as GIP or centrilobular inflammation/fibrosing. The other five cases were the UIP pattern or upper lobe fibrosis. Elemental analyses of lung specimens of GIP showed tungsten throughout the centrilobular fibrotic areas. In the UIP pattern, tungsten was detected in the periarteriolar area with subpleural fibrosis, but no association with centrilobular fibrosis or inflammatory cell infiltration. The GIP group was younger (43.1 vs 58.6 years), with shorter exposure duration (73 vs 285 months; p<0.01), lower serum KL-6 (398 vs 710 U/mL) and higher lymphocyte percentage in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (31.5% vs 3.22%; p<0.05) than the fibrosis group.

Conclusions

The UIP pattern or upper lobe fibrosis is remarkably different from GIP in distribution of hard metal elements, associated interstitial inflammation and fibrosis, and clinical features. In hard metal lung disease, the UIP pattern or upper lobe fibrosis may not be an advanced form of GIP.
Social inequality in motorcycle helmet use: when a reduction in inequality is not necessarily good news
Authors: Chiou Shu-Ti , Lu Tsung-Hsueh , Lai Ching-Huei , Chiang Tung-liang , Kawachi Ichiro
Published: March 2014

Background

We sought to examine changes in the magnitude of social inequality in motorcycle helmet use in Taiwan between 2001 and 2009.

Methods

Using data from the 2001 and 2009 Taiwan National Health Interview Surveys, we calculated absolute (the slope index of inequality, SII) and relative (relative index of inequality, RII) measures of inequality in helmet use by three indicators of socioeconomic position.

Results

The rate of motorcycle helmet use was 92% (14 801/16 100) in 2001 and decreased to 89% (15 748/17 948) in 2009. We noted a significant decrease in social inequality in helmet use in RII according to urbanisation level, a significant decrease in SII and RII according to income level, and a significant increase in SII according to education level. The reduction in RII according to urbanisation level was more prominent than that based on income level, from 1.73 (95% CI 1.63 to 1.84) in 2001 to 1.33 (95% CI 1.27 to 1.39) in 2009. The decline in helmet use was most prominent for motorcycle users who live in suburban areas, from 94% in 2001 to 88% in 2009.

Conclusions

The significant reduction of social inequality in helmet use according to urbanisation level and income is not a public health success story. Rather, it is a warning sign of slackening law enforcement in Taiwan.
Ciclosporin 10 years on: indications and efficacy
Authors: Forsythe Peter , Paterson Sue
Published: March 2014

Ciclosporin is a lipophilic cyclic polypeptide with powerful immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory properties that has been used in veterinary medicine for two decades. It is a calcineurin inhibitor whose principal mode of action is to inhibit T cell activation. The drug is principally absorbed from the small intestine and is metabolised in the intestine and liver by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system. Ciclosporin is known to interact with a wide range of pharmacological agents. Numerous studies have demonstrated good efficacy for the management of canine atopic dermatitis and this has been a licensed indication since 2003. In addition to the treatment of atopic dermatitis, it has been used as an aid in the management of numerous other dermatological conditions in animals including perianal fistulation, sebaceous adenitis, pododermatitis, chronic otitis externa and pemphigus foliaceus. This article reviews the mode of action, pharmacokinetics, indications for use and efficacy of ciclosporin in veterinary dermatology.
Effect of change in fluid distribution in segments in hemodialysis patients at different ultrafiltration rates on accuracy of whole body bioimpedance measurement
Authors: Abbas Samer R. , Zhu Fansan , Kaysen George A. , Kotanko Peter , Levin Nathan W.
Published: March 2014

This study explored divergence (error) between ultrafiltration volumes (UFV) and intradialytic changes in extracellular volume (ΔECV) in hemodialysis (HD) patients measured by whole body (wBIS) and sum of segmental bioimpedance spectroscopy (sBIS). The primary aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different ultrafiltration rates (UFR) on error of estimation of ΔECV by changes in their distribution in body segments (arm, trunk, and leg). Forty-four HD patients (26 men, age 63.5 ± 14.3 yr) were studied twice in the same week following high and low UFR treatments. ΔECV and distributions (segmental ΔECV/∑segmental ΔECV, %) in arm, trunk, and leg were measured. ΔECV by wBIS underestimated UFV (0.58 ± 0.43 in high vs. 0.36 ± 0.5 liters at low UFR; P < 0.001, respectively); however, using sBIS no significant difference between UFV and ΔECV was present. Divergence using wBIS but not sBIS correlated positively with UFR. ΔECV distribution in trunk and leg at high UFR (44.1 ± 8.3, 47.2 ± 8.5, %) differed significantly ( P < 0.01) from low UFR (36 ± 15.7, 53.8 ± 14.7) respectively, but in arm did not differ between UFR. Primary sources of whole body resistance are arms and legs. Due to different cross-sectional areas between trunk and limbs, wBIS is insensitive to detection of changes in trunk volume. At higher UFR, plasma water was rapidly and largely removed from the trunk but with only a small change in whole body resistance. As a result, accuracy of estimation of ECV by wBIS is further decreased by high UFR, while sBIS remains accurate using separate measurements of segmental volumes.
Transient Antiangiogenic Treatment Improves Delivery of Cytotoxic Compounds and Therapeutic Outcome in Lung Cancer
Authors: Chatterjee Sampurna , Wieczorek Caroline , Schöttle Jakob , Siobal Maike , Hinze Yvonne , Franz Thomas , Florin Alexandra , Adamczak Joanna , Heukamp Lukas C. , Neumaier Bernd , Ullrich Roland T.
Published: March 2014

Extensive oncologic experience argues that the most efficacious applications of antiangiogenic agents rely upon a combination with cytotoxic drugs. Yet there remains a lack of clarity about how to optimize scheduling for such drug combinations. Prudent antiangiogenic therapy might transiently normalize blood vessels to improve tumor oxygenation and drug exposure. Using [15O]H2O positron emission tomography imaging in a preclinical mouse model of non–small cell lung cancer, we observed that short-term treatment with the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor/platelet-derived growth factor receptor inhibitor PTK787 licensed a transient window of improved tumor blood flow. The improvement observed was associated with a reduced leakiness from tumor vessels, consistent with induction of a vascular normalization process. Initiation of a cytotoxic treatment in this window of tumor vessel normalization resulted in increased efficacy, as illustrated by improved outcomes of erlotinib administration after initial PTK787 treatment. Notably, intermittent PTK787 treatment also facilitated long-term tumor regression. In summary, our findings offer strong evidence that short-term antiangiogenic therapy can promote a transient vessel normalization process that improves the delivery and efficacy of a targeted cytotoxic drug. Cancer Res; 74(10); 2816–24. ©2014 AACR.
Preclinical Evaluation of the Supercritical Extract of Azadirachta Indica (Neem) Leaves In Vitro and In Vivo on Inhibition of Prostate Cancer Tumor Growth
Authors: Wu Qiang , Kohli Manish , Bergen H. Robert. , Cheville John C. , Karnes R. Jeffrey , Cao Hong , Young Charles Y.F. , Tindall Donald J. , McNiven Mark A. , Donkena Krishna Vanaja
Published: March 2014

Azadirachta indica, commonly known as neem, has gained worldwide prominence because of its medical properties, namely antitumor, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycemic, antifungal, and antibacterial activities. Despite these promising results, gaps remain in our understanding of the molecular mechanism of action of neem compounds and their potential for use in clinical trials. We investigated supercritical extract of neem leaves (SENL) for the following: molecular targets in vitro, in vivo efficacy to inhibit tumor growth, and bioactive compounds that exert antitumor activity. Treatment of LNCaP-luc2 prostate cancer cells with SENL suppressed dihydrotestosterone-induced androgen receptor and prostate-specific antigen levels. SENL inhibited integrin β1, calreticulin, and focal adhesion kinase activation in LNCaP-luc2 and PC3 prostate cancer cells. Oral administration of SENL significantly reduced LNCaP-luc2 xenograft tumor growth in mice with the formation of hyalinized fibrous tumor tissue, reduction in the prostate-specific antigen, and increase in AKR1C2 levels. To identify the active anticancer compounds, we fractionated SENL by high-pressure liquid chromatography and evaluated 16 peaks for cytotoxic activity. Four of the 16 peaks exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against prostate cancer cells. Mass spectrometry of the isolated peaks suggested the compounds with cytotoxic activity were nimbandiol, nimbolide, 2′,3′-dihydronimbolide, and 28-deoxonimbolide. Analysis of tumor tissue and plasma samples from mice treated with SENL indicated 28-deoxonimbolide and nimbolide as the bioactive compounds. Overall, our data revealed the bioactive compounds in SENL and suggested that the anticancer activity could be mediated through alteration in androgen receptor and calreticulin levels in prostate cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(5); 1067–77. ©2014 AACR.
prática de acompanhante terapêutico com o portador de transtorno mental
Authors: Carniel Aline Dadalte , Pedrão Luiz Jorge
Published: March 2014

A reforma psiquiátrica possibilitou transformações na assistência à saúde mental e o acompanhante terapêutico (AT) faz parte dessas transformações. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi trabalhar essa prática com o portador de transtorno mental em tratamento, realizado por uma equipe multiprofissional e, para isso, foram utilizadas 16 sessões de AT, sendo elas registradas. Os resultados mostraram a contribuição positiva desse tipo de modalidade terapêutica na assistência ao referido portador, possibilitando a ele o resgate de diversas atividades que gostava de fazer e não fazia mais, devido à falta de estímulos, e a influência negativa da instituição na evolução desse transtorno.
consumo de benzodiazepínicos por mulheres idosas
Authors: Mendonça Reginaldo Teixeira , Carvalho Antonio Carlos Duarte de
Published: March 2014

Os benzodiazepínicos estão entre os medicamentos mais consumidos, principalmente por mulheres idosas. Através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com dezoito mulheres idosas, pacientes psiquiátricos do Núcleo de Saúde Mental do Centro Saúde Escola da FMRP-USP, objetivou-se mostrar suas concepções sobre benzodiazepínicos e a interação de fatores biológicos, sociais e culturais envolvidos na dependência desses medicamentos. Conclui-se, de acordo com as concepções dadas pelas mulheres idosas entrevistadas, que o consumo e a dependência de benzodiazepínicos são singulares e não se restringem a uma relação biológica de seus efeitos, mas incluem a influência de fatores culturais e sociais.
Consumo de alcohol y características demográficas de usuarios de salas de urgencia de Tamaulipas México
Authors: Barrios Florabel Flores , Aguilar Lucio Rodríguez , Facundo Francisco Rafael Guzmán
Published: March 2014

Un estudio en 141 pacientes que ingresaron a salas de urgencias de una institución hospitalaria, con el objetivo de conocer el tipo de consumo de alcohol, así como el efecto de algunas características demográficas (edad, años de estudio, edad de inicio de consumo y horas de consumo previas al ingreso) sobre el consumo de alcohol. Se seleccionó a los sujetos mayores de 18 años que presentaran consumo de alcohol al ingreso. Se aplicaron dos cuestionarios; una cedula de características demográficas y el AUDIT. Los resultados mostraron que el 75.9% fueron hombres con una media de edad de 38 años y la media de años de escolaridad de 10.6 años, más del 60% fue empleado, la mayoría de los sujetos mostraron un tipo de consumo de alcohol dañino (93.6%). La edad y los años de estudio tuvieron efecto significativo sobre el consumo de alcohol (AUDIT) con una varianza explicada del 17 % (F 6, 134 = 5.93, p< .01)
Autonomy and the genetics of behaviour
Authors: Mordini Emilio
Published: March 2014

The idea that behaviour, personality traits, preferences and choices may be the result of a sort of biological decision-making programme, shaped by evolution and carried by DNA, conflicts with the idea of "autonomy". Indeed the term "autonomy" involves the idea of freedom and the capacity to be self-determining, to be in control of one's own life, beyond any influence of biological, psychological and social compulsive forces, genes included. Policy of scientific action has to be based both on a moment of universality, which is represented by determinism, and on the pragmatic demands posed by indeterminism and autonomy. Sometimes, scientists do not seem to realise this.
Processo de competência cultural nos cuidados de enfermagem a usuários de drogas injetáveis no projeto de redução de danos de Porto Alegre - Brasil
Authors: Gregis Cristiano , Martini Jussara Gue
Published: March 2014

O objetivo deste estudo é discutir as intervenções de enfermagem nos espaços de atuação de um Programa de Redução de Danos (PRD), centradas no cuidado de enfermagem transcultural. O trabalho de campo foi desenvolvido no âmbito do Programa de Redução de Danos de Porto Alegre, no período de 1998 a 2000, a partir do cuidado de Enfermagem aos usuários abordados pela equipe do PRD. Concluí-se que, para além da troca de seringas, a prática de cuidados de enfermagem, com competência, cultural permite a compreensão da complexidade implicada com a abordagem das questões relacionadas ao uso de drogas na sociedade
Competencies for nursing care of patients with substance related disorders
Authors: Naegle Madeline A.
Published: March 2014

Nurses and midwives, the largest group of providers, deliver basic and specialty healthcare worldwide. They are uniquely positioned to deliver interventions for drug use, abuse and dependence. Few provide such care however, because their basic educations lacked information and clinical teaching on drug use, treatment of addictions and health. This paper identifies nursing competencies, and gives suggestions for strategies for their development. Competencies development for nurse generalists and nurse specialists should be based on current nursing and other scientific evidence from research studies, consensus statements and practice guidelines. Exemplars of evidence based interventions are described. For purposes of this paper, alcohol is identified as such; drugs refers to nicotine, illegal and prescription drugs.
Projeto mente sã
Authors: Barbosa Rosenara Viana , Reinaldo Amanda Márcia dos Santos
Published: March 2014

Atualmente muitos municípios não possuem serviços de saúde mental por não atenderem aos critérios que o Ministério da Saúde (MS) exige para implementá-los. O município de Gouveia, MG, criou um dispositivo de atendimento alternativo para atender sua demanda, o Projeto Mente Sã (PMS). Este trabalho teve como objetivo apresentar as intervenções do projeto em relação à melhoria da qualidade de vida dos usuários desse serviço. A metodologia utilizada foi a história oral. O Mente Sã contribuiu para a melhoria da qualidade de vida de seus usuários e demonstrou a possibilidade de se criar dispositivos assistenciais ao doente mental para os municípios que não atendam às exigências do MS.
manifestações de sofrimento mental mais freqüentes na comunidade
Authors: Laurenti Ruy
Published: March 2014

Apresenta-se um panorama da freqüência de transtornos mentais e comportamentais na população do Brasil, do Estado e do município de São Paulo, tendo como base os dados de mortalidade e morbidade do ano 2002. Entre o número de óbitos, destacam-se os transtornos mentais e comportamentais devido ao uso de substâncias psicoativas (F10-F19), com 77,26% das causas de morte no Brasil; 59,11% no Estado e 53,38% no município. Quanto às internações, predominam os transtornos incluídos no grupamento Esquizofrenias, transtornos esquizotípicos e delirantes (F20-F29), com 52,72, 43,77 e 44,65% do total de transtornos mentais, respectivamente, no Brasil, Estado e município de São Paulo; seguido do mesmo grupamento responsável pelos óbitos. Tais dados dão idéia do cenário, pois somente inquéritos, bem conduzidos, podem evidenciar a prevalência, e o Brasil carece de estudos dessa natureza, assim os dados secundários de mortalidade e morbidade são uma alternativa, como balizadores da situação e para implementar políticas públicas.
Ser alcoolista na voz de sujeitos dependentes de álcool
Authors: Nasi Cíntia , Hildebrandt Leila Mariza
Published: March 2014

Este estudo tem como objetivo conhecer como é ser alcoolista na percepção de indivíduos portadores de alcoolismo, atendidos em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória, do tipo estudo de caso. A coleta de informações se deu por meio de entrevista não estruturada. A análise dos dados seguiu a proposta metodológica de Minayo (2002). A partir das informações contidas nos depoimentos dos atores sociais, emergiu uma categoria de análise que trata da concepção dos sujeitos acerca de como é ser alcoolista, enfatizando as dificuldades cotidianas ocasionadas pelo uso do álcool.
Hepatic Overexpression of Idol Increases Circulating Protein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 in Mice and Hamsters via Dual Mechanisms
Authors: Sasaki Makoto , Terao Yoshio , Ayaori Makoto , Uto-Kondo Harumi , Iizuka Maki , Yogo Makiko , Hagisawa Kosuke , Takiguchi Shunichi , Yakushiji Emi , Nakaya Kazuhiro , Ogura Masatsune , Komatsu Tomohiro , Ikewaki Katsunori
Published: March 2014

Objective—

Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) is degraded by inducible degrader of LDLR (Idol) and protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), thereby regulating circulating LDL levels. However, it remains unclear whether, and if so how, these LDLR degraders affect each other. We therefore investigated effects of liver-specific expression of Idol on LDL/PCSK9 metabolism in mice and hamsters.

Approach and Results—

Injection of adenoviral vector expressing Idol (Ad-Idol) induced a liver-specific reduction in LDLR expression which, in turn, increased very-low-density lipoprotein/LDL cholesterol levels in wild-type mice because of delayed LDL catabolism. Interestingly, hepatic Idol overexpression markedly increased plasma PCSK9 levels. In LDLR-deficient mice, plasma PCSK9 levels were already elevated at baseline and unchanged by Idol overexpression, which was comparable with the observation for Ad-Idol–injected wild-type mice, indicating that Idol-induced PCSK9 elevation depended on LDLR. In wild-type mice, but not in LDLR-deficient mice, Ad-Idol enhanced hepatic PCSK9 expression, with activation of sterol regulatory element–binding protein 2 and subsequently increased expression of its target genes. Supporting in vivo findings, Idol transactivated PCSK9/LDLR in sterol regulatory element–binding protein 2/LDLR-dependent manners in vitro. Furthermore, an in vivo kinetic study using
125
I-labeled PCSK9 revealed delayed clearance of circulating PCSK9, which could be another mechanism. Finally, to extend these findings into cholesteryl ester transfer protein–expressing animals, we repeated the above in vivo experiments in hamsters and obtained similar results.

Conclusions—

A vicious cycle in LDLR degradation might be generated by PCSK9 induced by hepatic Idol overexpression via dual mechanisms: sterol regulatory element–binding protein 2/LDLR. Furthermore, these effects would be independent of cholesteryl ester transfer protein expression.
Palliative and End-of-Life Care in Stroke
Authors: Holloway Robert G. , Arnold Robert M. , Creutzfeldt Claire J. , Lewis Eldrin F. , Lutz Barbara J. , McCann Robert M. , Rabinstein Alejandro A. , Saposnik Gustavo , Sheth Kevin N. , Zahuranec Darin B. , Zipfel Gregory J. , Zorowitz Richard D.
Published: March 2014

Background and Purpose—

The purpose of this statement is to delineate basic expectations regarding primary palliative care competencies and skills to be considered, learned, and practiced by providers and healthcare services across hospitals and community settings when caring for patients and families with stroke.

Methods—

Members of the writing group were appointed by the American Heart Association Stroke Council’s Scientific Statement Oversight Committee and the American Heart Association’s Manuscript Oversight Committee. Members were chosen to reflect the diversity and expertise of professional roles in delivering optimal palliative care. Writing group members were assigned topics relevant to their areas of expertise, reviewed the appropriate literature, and drafted manuscript content and recommendations in accordance with the American Heart Association’s framework for defining classes and level of evidence and recommendations.

Results—

The palliative care needs of patients with serious or life-threatening stroke and their families are enormous: complex decision making, aligning treatment with goals, and symptom control. Primary palliative care should be available to all patients with serious or life-threatening stroke and their families throughout the entire course of illness. To optimally deliver primary palliative care, stroke systems of care and provider teams should (1) promote and practice patient- and family-centered care; (2) effectively estimate prognosis; (3) develop appropriate goals of care; (4) be familiar with the evidence for common stroke decisions with end-of-life implications; (5) assess and effectively manage emerging stroke symptoms; (6) possess experience with palliative treatments at the end of life; (7) assist with care coordination, including referral to a palliative care specialist or hospice if necessary; (8) provide the patient and family the opportunity for personal growth and make bereavement resources available if death is anticipated; and (9) actively participate in continuous quality improvement and research.

Conclusions—

Addressing the palliative care needs of patients and families throughout the course of illness can complement existing practices and improve the quality of life of stroke patients, their families, and their care providers. There is an urgent need for further research in this area.
Epidemiology of Moyamoya Disease in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Pei-Chun , Yang Shih-Hung , Chien Kuo-Liong , Tsai I-Ju , Kuo Meng-Fai
Published: March 2014

Background and Purpose—

Previous studies have shown regional and temporal variations in epidemiological features of moyamoya disease, but population-based studies in regions other than Japan are limited. We investigated the incidence and patients characteristics of moyamoya disease during 12 years in Taiwan using claims databases of a universal health insurance system.

Methods—

From the inpatient databases of the Taiwan National Health Insurance program, we identified subjects who had an initial hospitalization with moyamoya disease and had been underwent cerebral angiography as incidence cases during 2000 to 2011. The incidence and the patient characteristics were described by age and time periods of the hospitalization.

Results—

During the 12-year period, 422 patients were identified, representing an annual incidence of 0.15 per 100 000 person-years. Adults exhibited an upward trend in incidence with an incidence rate ratio of 1.74 (95% confidence interval [1.17–2.58]) in years 2010 to 2011 comparing with years 2000 to 2001. However, children had a decreased incidence except a slightly increase in the last 2 years. Compared with patients hospitalized during 2000 to 2005, patients identified during 2006 to 2011 had greater women-to-men ratio (1.7 versus 1.1,
P
=0.048). Children were more likely to have comorbid epilepsy than were adult patients (25.0% versus 3.4%,
P
=0.002). Hemorrhagic stroke was rare among pediatric patients but presented more frequently in adults. However, ischemic stroke was more prevalent in both groups.

Conclusions—

The incidence of moyamoya disease has increased in adults but not in children from 2000 to 2011 in Taiwan. Sex ratio and comorbid conditions differed by age and study period.
Age Dependence of Risk Factors for Stroke and Death in Young Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Melgaard Line , Rasmussen Lars Hvilsted , Skjøth Flemming , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Larsen Torben Bjerregaard
Published: March 2014

Background and Purpose—

The risk of stroke and death in patients with atrial fibrillation is strongly associated with age and concomitant comorbidities. The aim of this study was to examine the age dependence of risk factors for stroke and mortality in young patients with atrial fibrillation.

Methods—

This study is a population-based cohort study of 30- to 65-year-old patients with atrial fibrillation and diagnosed during 2000 to 2011, identified by record linkage between nationwide Danish registries. Cox regression models were used to estimate the risk of stroke and mortality according to risk factors within age groups: 30 to 50, 50 to 65, and 65 to 75 years.

Results—

We identified 73 799 nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients, of which 37 782 (51.2%) were <65 years old (mean age 62.8). A higher modified cardiac failure or dysfunction, hypertension, age 75 (doubled), diabetes, stroke (doubled), vascular disease, age 65–74 and sex category (female) score (CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc score) was associated with decreased survival probability in all age groups. The overall incidence of stroke per year for 1 year (5 years) follow-up was 1.2% (0.6%), 3.5% (1.6%), and 5.6% (2.8%), respectively, for the age groups of 30 to 50, 50 to 65, and 65 to 75. Overall, risk factors such as previous stroke, heart failure, vascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension remained independent predictors of stroke and death in patients <65 years old with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.

Conclusions—

The CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc score is an applicable tool for all age groups and in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients <65 years old, the same risk factors apply.
Feature-Frequency–Adaptive On-line Training for Fast and Accurate Natural Language Processing
Authors: Sun Xu , Li Wenjie , Wang Houfeng , Lu Qin
Published: March 2014

Training speed and accuracy are two major concerns of large-scale natural language processing systems. Typically, we need to make a tradeoff between speed and accuracy. It is trivial to improve the training speed via sacrificing accuracy or to improve the accuracy via sacrificing speed. Nevertheless, it is nontrivial to improve the training speed and the accuracy at the same time, which is the target of this work. To reach this target, we present a new training method, feature-frequency–adaptive on-line training, for fast and accurate training of natural language processing systems. It is based on the core idea that higher frequency features should have a learning rate that decays faster. Theoretical analysis shows that the proposed method is convergent with a fast convergence rate. Experiments are conducted based on well-known benchmark tasks, including named entity recognition, word segmentation, phrase chunking, and sentiment analysis. These tasks consist of three structured classification tasks and one non-structured classification task, with binary features and real-valued features, respectively. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is faster and at the same time more accurate than existing methods, achieving state-of-the-art scores on the tasks with different characteristics.
Similarity-Driven Semantic Role Induction via Graph Partitioning
Authors: Lang Joel , Lapata Mirella
Published: March 2014

As in many natural language processing tasks, data-driven models based on supervised learning have become the method of choice for semantic role labeling. These models are guaranteed to perform well when given sufficient amount of labeled training data. Producing this data is costly and time-consuming, however, thus raising the question of whether unsupervised methods offer a viable alternative. The working hypothesis of this article is that semantic roles can be induced without human supervision from a corpus of syntactically parsed sentences based on three linguistic principles: (1) arguments in the same syntactic position (within a specific linking) bear the same semantic role, (2) arguments within a clause bear a unique role, and (3) clusters representing the same semantic role should be more or less lexically and distributionally equivalent. We present a method that implements these principles and formalizes the task as a graph partitioning problem, whereby argument instances of a verb are represented as vertices in a graph whose edges express similarities between these instances. The graph consists of multiple edge layers, each one capturing a different aspect of argument-instance similarity, and we develop extensions of standard clustering algorithms for partitioning such multi-layer graphs. Experiments for English and German demonstrate that our approach is able to induce semantic role clusters that are consistently better than a strong baseline and are competitive with the state of the art.
Improved Estimation of Entropy for Evaluation of Word Sense Induction
Authors: Li Linlin , Titov Ivan , Sporleder Caroline
Published: March 2014

Information-theoretic measures are among the most standard techniques for evaluation of clustering methods including word sense induction (WSI) systems. Such measures rely on sample-based estimates of the entropy. However, the standard maximum likelihood estimates of the entropy are heavily biased with the bias dependent on, among other things, the number of clusters and the sample size. This makes the measures unreliable and unfair when the number of clusters produced by different systems vary and the sample size is not exceedingly large. This corresponds exactly to the setting of WSI evaluation where a ground-truth cluster sense number arguably does not exist and the standard evaluation scenarios use a small number of instances of each word to compute the score. We describe more accurate entropy estimators and analyze their performance both in simulations and on evaluation of WSI systems.
Rethinking English Phyisco-theology: Samuel Parker’s Tentamina de Deo (1665)
Authors: Levitin Dmitri
Published: March 2014

Recent historiography has claimed that a radically new, non-dogmatic physico-theology gained prominence with, and simultaneously promoted, the new science. This article challenges this view by focusing on an important physico-theological work by the young Oxford cleric Samuel Parker, published in 1665. It received a glowing review in the first volume of the Philosophical Transactions and gained its author election to the Royal Society, yet has been almost entirely ignored by modern scholars. Parker’s work demonstrates both how easily the pious rhetoric of the naturalists could be incorporated into the traditional – largely humanist – knowledge gained by a typical M.A. student in ­mid-seventeenth-century England. Moreover, far from being non-dogmatic, Parker’s physico-theology culminated in a remarkable deployment of the new philosophy (specifically Thomas Willis’s neurology) to explain scriptural passages referring to God’s passions. Parker believed himself not to be doing something radically new, but to be working in the traditions of scholastic theology. At the same time, his work was one of the most important conduits for the early English reception of both Descartes and Gassendi.
Polyphasic characterization of Kastovskya adunca gen. nov. et comb. nov. (Cyanobacteria: Oscillatoriales), from desert soils of the Atacama Desert, Chile
Authors: Mühlsteinová Radka , Johansen Jeffrey R. , Pietrasiak Nicole , Martin Michael P.
Published: March 2014

Recent taxonomic revisions within the cyanobacteria have shown that the traditional simple filamentous genera often represent large polyphyletic clusters of not-so-closely-related taxa. In this study, the new cyanobacterial genus Kastovskya is described based on a combination of morphological, molecular, and ecological evidence. Kastovskya was first described as Schizothrix adunca, a morphospecies discovered in the Atacama Desert, Chile more than 50 years ago. This species has been transferred to Kastovskya and serves as the generitype. Kastovskya adunca currently represents a unique and probably endemic taxon for the soils of the Atacama Desert region. Description of this new genus contributes to the revision of the Phormidiaceae by providing a clear taxonomic definition to one of the clades within the Schizothrix/Microcoleus/Phormidium cluster.
Dioscorea sphaeroidea (Dioscoreaceae), a threatened new species from the high-altitude grasslands of southeastern Brazil with wingless seeds
Authors: Couto Ricardo Sousa , LOPES ROSANA CONRADO , BRAGA JOÃO MARCELO ALVARENGA
Published: March 2014

Dioscorea sphaeroidea is endemic to the high-altitude grasslands of the Serra dos Órgãos National Park located in southeastern Brazil. Based on the spheroid shape of its fruit and seed, i.e., not flattened or winged, this new species is morphologically unusual in the Dioscorea genus. Moreover, its unique morphology leaves this new species with no clear position in the infrageneric taxonomy of Dioscorea. Herein we present the morphological description of this species, including a discussion of its ecology and habitat, distribution, and preliminary risk of extinction assessment.
Are we following the Art. 40.7 of the Code in letter and spirit?
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Subir , Krishna Gopal , Venu Potharaju
Published: March 2014

It was observed that authors of the names of new taxa, in some instances, fail to deposit holotypes in the herbaria stated in the protologues. Suggestions are invited to remedy the situation so that authors actually deposit holotypes in herbaria cited by them.
A new species of Tongorchestia from Bora Bora in the leeward Society Islands (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Talitridae)
Authors: LOWRY J. K. , BOPIAH ARUNDATHI
Published: March 2014

The new species Tongorchestia borabora sp. nov. is described from Vaitape in Bora Bora, Leeward Islands, Society Islands. This is the first talitrid amphipod reported from Bora Bora and the third species of Tongorchestia from the Western Pacific oceanic islands. Currently Tongorchestia is endemic to oceanic islands in the Western Pacific.
L-arginine catabolism is driven mainly towards nitric oxide synthesis in the erythrocytes of patients with type 2 diabetes at first clinical onset
Authors: Savu Octavian , Iosif Liviu , Bradescu Ovidiu Marius , Serafinceanu Cristian , Papacocea Raluca , Stoian Irina
Published: March 2014

Background

We investigated the l-arginine (l-Arg)–nitric oxide (NO) metabolic pathway in the erythrocytes (RBCs) and plasma of subjects with type 2 diabetes at first clinical onset.

Methods

RBCs and plasma were collected from 26 patients with type 2 diabetes at first clinical onset and 19 age-matched non-diabetes subjects as controls. l-Arg content was assayed by capillary electrophoresis. We measured arginase activity and nitrate/nitrite concentrations by spectrophotometry, and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) by standardized immunoturbidimetry.

Results

We found that, when compared with controls, l-Arg content was similar in RBCs while decreased in the plasma of patients with type 2 diabetes. Interestingly, arginase activity was lower in RBCs and increased in plasma of patients with diabetes. NO production was higher in RBCs in patients with type 2 diabetes, while no difference was found in the plasma of our subjects.

Conclusions

l-Arg catabolism is driven mainly towards NO synthesis in RBCs of patients with type 2 diabetes at first clinical onset. The decreased RBC arginase activity could be considered a potential mechanism of increased RBC NO production in early diabetes. Therefore, the RBC pool would represent a potentially compensatory intravascular compartment for endothelial dysfunction in diabetes.
A revised method for determination of serum mercaptalbumin and non-mercaptalbumin by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with postcolumn bromocresol green reaction
Authors: Ueyama Jun , Ishikawa Yusuke , Kondo Takaaki , Motoyama Megumi , Matsumoto Hiroyuki , Matsushita Tadashi
Published: March 2014

Background

Previously, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with ultraviolet or fluorescence detectors has been used for separation of human mercaptalbumin (HMA) and human non-mercaptalbumin (HNA). However, it is difficult to perform reliable chromatographic analysis due to peak interference of such serum compounds as uric acid and bilirubin. The aim of this study is to explore a selective and simple analytical method for the determination of HMA and HNA.

Method

HMA and HNA in serum sample were separated by HPLC and reacted with bromocresol green using a postcolumn reaction scheme.

Results

A complete separation of HMA and HNA is achieved in less than 30 min by using weak anion exchange columns and isocratic elution. Within-run and between-day precisions at albumin concentration of 45 g/L were 4.2 and 1.7% for HMA and 4.5 and 4.6% for HNA, respectively. There was no interference in HMA and HNA peaks when bilirubin-, haemoglobin- or chyle-spiked pooled serum samples were analysed.

Conclusion

Our method is reliable and not labour-intensive and, therefore, might be applicable for clinical and epidemiological studies.