bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Violência, delinquência e tendência antissocial. Sobre a experiência de um atendimento a crianças vítimas da violência em uma favela do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Paiva Rosa Lucia Soares , Zamora Maria Helena Rodrigues Navas , Vilhena Junia De , Silva Sergio Gomes da
Published: November 2015

Considerando nossa inserção em um projeto social realizado dentro de uma favela do Rio de Janeiro, o presente trabalho objetiva analisar os alcances e limites de nossa atuação profissional no atendimento de crianças e adolescentes vítimas de violência e de comportamento antissocial, à luz do pensamento de Winnicott. O projeto objetiva a socialização de crianças e adolescentes vítimas de violência, a partir de atividades circenses, lúdicas, criação de figurinos, aprendizagem de danças e capoeira, acompanhadas por uma equipe de assistentes sociais, pedagogos e psicólogos. O atendimento evidenciou a violência que incide sobre as vidas das crianças e dos adolescentes em suas várias manifestações. Dois estudos de casos são apresentados para ilustrar o trabalho desenvolvido no projeto. Concluiu-se que, malgrado todos os esforços das equipes, que ofereciam um espaço de escuta e acolhimento a esses atores sociais, nem todos puderam encontrar uma saída criativa para suas vidas diante do seu sofrimento psíquico. A possibilidade de construção e reconstrução só foi possível quando estas puderam encontrar no projeto social "Circo" uma "luz no fim do túnel", ou seja, um lugar, um espaço ou "continente suficientemente bom" às suas demandas psíquicas e às da própria vida.
Guarda compartilhada: perspectivas e desafios diante da responsabilidade parental
Authors: Alves Amanda Pansard , Arpini Dorian Mônica , Cúnico Sabrina Daiana
Published: November 2015

A guarda compartilhada, apesar de ser compreendida como um avanço nas relações parentais pós-divórcio, ainda é recente no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Diante disso, este estudo buscou conhecer o relato de pais e mães a partir de suas vivências em relação a esta modalidade de guarda. Para tanto, integraram esta pesquisa três mães e dois pais que estabeleceram em acordo, realizado em uma assistência judiciária gratuita, a guarda compartilhada. Esse estudo teve caráter qualitativo, sendo executado a partir de entrevistas semidirigidas de questões abertas. Como resultados alcançados foi possível identificar que os participantes tinham entendimento claro acerca de como deve funcionar a guarda compartilhada. Contudo, foram relatadas dificuldades para o exercício desta modalidade de guarda, com destaque para a ausência paterna, a entrada de um terceiro – nova companheira do pai – e o conflito entre os ex-companheiros após o fim da relação. Diante desses impasses apresentados para o exercício da parentalidade conjunta após o término do relacionamento, entende-se necessário um acompanhamento aos pais com relação ao exercício dos cuidados parentais após a separação, para com isso auxiliar no fortalecimento da relação entre pais e filhos após o desenlace conjugal.
A Experiência do Espectador: Recepção, Audiência ou Emancipação?
Authors: Soares Fabio Montalvão , Kastrup Virgínia
Published: November 2015

O artigo propõe uma discussão teórica sobre o estatuto da experiência do espectador no cinema, baseando-se no conceito de emancipação intelectual formulado por Jacques Rancière (2008). Partindo dos estudos sobre recepção, realiza uma crítica ao problema relativo à passividade do público, enfatizando a perspectiva do espectador emancipado. Ao destacar que a discussão sobre a experiência se limita, no âmbito desses estudos, à análise do comportamento do público, inferida a partir de índices de audiência, o texto atenta para o fato de não se considerar a dimensão processual e corporificada (Varela, Thompson, & Rosch, 1991), sendo o comportamento algo da ordem dos efeitos do que da experiência em si mesma. Conclui ainda que os estudos sobre recepção não dão conta do problema da experiência do expectador de modo satisfatório. Neste sentido, a emancipação surge como possibilidade de afirmação de uma concepção corporificada da experiência, que deverá ser objeto de investigação em estudos empíricos futuros.
A terapia cognitivo-comportamental em grupo no Transtorno de Ansiedade Social
Authors: Dittz Carolina Pereira , Stephan Francesca , Gomes Daniel Alexandre Gouvêa , Badaró Auxiliatrice Caneschi , Lourenço Lelio Moura
Published: November 2015

O transtorno de ansiedade social (TAS), caracterizado pelo medo ou ansiedade acentuados em situações sociais, é capaz de comprometer significativamente a qualidade de vida do indivíduo. O estudo visou descrever o desenvolvimento de uma intervenção em grupo, baseada na Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental, para pessoas que apresentaram os sintomas de TAS. O protocolo de tratamento utilizou as seguintes técnicas: reestruturação cognitiva, exposição às situações temidas, treino de habilidades sociais e relaxamento. O grupo foi formado por cinco voluntários acima dos 18 anos, da cidade de Juiz de Fora - Minas Gerais, os quais apresentaram pontuações elevadas em instrumentos de rastreio para o TAS. Foram realizados 16 encontros presenciais, com duração de 90 minutos. O estudo se dividiu em cinco fases: acolhimento, habituação, treinamento de habilidades, prevenção de recaída e finalização. Os resultados mostraram que os participantes tiveram melhoras, nos escores dos testes: Liebowitz, BAI e BDI (administrados antes e depois do tratamento) e nas observações clínicas realizadas, principalmente na forma de lidar com as situações sociais em pequenos grupos (participar e falar). Foi possível concluir que o protocolo de atendimento alcançou seus objetivos no tratamento do transtorno de ansiedade social. Entretanto, são necessárias alterações para que os resultados sejam provados mais satisfatoriamente.
Avaliação das concepções de educadores de escolas públicas e particulares sobre uso de drogas: um estudo exploratório
Authors: Souza Fernando Baptista de , Andrade André Luiz Monezi , Rodrigues Thiago Pavin , Nascimento Marcelo Oliveira do , Micheli Denise De
Published: November 2015

O uso abusivo de drogas configura-se como um grave problema de saúde pública. O presente trabalho buscou identificar as principais crenças e conhecimentos de educadores sobre o uso de drogas. Participaram do estudo 105 educadores de escolas públicas e 399 de escolas particulares da cidade de São Paulo. A coleta de dados ocorreu a partir da aplicação de um questionário fechado, de autopreenchimento e anônimo. Aproximadamente 32% dos educadores de escolas públicas e 44% de escolas particulares afirmaram não ter conhecimento suficiente sobre o tema. Além disso, cerca de 50% dos educadores afirmaram ser a maconha a porta de entrada para o uso de outras drogas e 64% dos educadores de escolas públicas e 46% de escolas particulares concordaram que as drogas provocam apenas a ilusão do prazer. Os dados indicam a necessidade da implementação de programas de capacitação, desconstruindo crenças baseadas no senso comum e facilitando o acesso desse público a conteúdos científicos.
A profissionalização da Psicologia em Angola: um percurso em construção
Authors: Saveia João Manuel , Bastos António Virgílio Bittencourt , Peixoto Adriano De Lemos Alves
Published: November 2015

O propósito deste trabalho foi o de descrever as bases históricas do processo de profissionalização da Psicologia em Angola. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, na qual foram entrevistados cinco profissionais que, pelo histórico profissional, pressupôs-se tratarem-se de fontes potenciais de informação sobre a história da Psicologia em Angola. Constatou-se que a profissionalização da Psicologia é um percurso ainda em construção à procura da sua efetiva institucionalização. Nesse processo, alguns desafios apresentam-se, dentre eles: a despartidarização da profissão;a criação de uma entidade que congregue os profissionais e seja reguladora da profissão; a "demarcação das águas" entre o exercício profissional do psicólogo e o do formado em Ciências da Educação; o desafio de alicerçar a atuação em ações e ferramentas que tenham suporte empírico na pesquisa, considerada como base para quaisquer níveis de intervenção e para quaisquer atividades nas várias subáreas de atuação da Psicologia.
O lugar da Literatura dos currículos: o caso dos exames de Língua Portuguesa do sistema educativo inglês
Authors: Marques Pedro
Published: November 2015

O sistema de habilitações inglês disponibiliza uma variedade de exames de línguas estrangeiras (LE). Estas são estudadas sobretudo enquanto línguas de herança mas estão sujeitas às pressões que se fazem sentir sobre as disciplinas mais populares (francês, alemão e espanhol). Em consonância com a política geral da comissão de avaliação OCR para as LE, a reforma dos exames de português Advanced Level eliminou a lista de obras literárias que até 2009 fizera parte dos programas de estudos. A análise dos documentos orientadores e dos exames indicia que a leitura literária era tida como instrumento do estudo avançado de LE e do treino da capacidade de raciocínio, sobretudo em relação à escrita. Apesar do capital de prestígio que detém enquanto forma de aprendizagem avançada, a leitura orientada do texto literário poderá não alinhar com uma política educativa de popularização do estudo de línguas, de padronização de resultados e de instrumentalização económica.
Discursos sobre o entendimento humano e a civilização na Filosofia das luzes em Portugal
Authors: Araújo Ana Cristina
Published: November 2015

No debate filosófico ocorrido na esfera pública portuguesa, a crise de interpretações instalou-se no espaço metodológico da crítica, com evidentes consequências nos campos antropológico, moral e religioso. As modificações introduzidas na auto-representação dos homens de letras contribuíram para impor o reconhecimento da importância da educação pública na sociedade. Generalizou-se a ideia de que as artes e as ciências desempenhavam um papel de primeira grandeza no progresso dos povos. O binómio conceptual educação/ civilização marcou o reformismo cultural do século.
Linguagem e justiça: polissemia, “desambiguidade” e produtividade sufixal no texto jurídico, ao longo dos tempos
Authors: Carvalho Maria José
Published: November 2015

Como tem sido reconhecido, o impacto dos resultados da investigação histórica nos estudos de morfologia derivacional do Português, ainda não se observou completamente, ao contrário do que seria expectável. Iremos centrar-nos, neste artigo, na análise dos produtos lexicais mais comuns no texto jurídico medieval, particularmente naqueles que apresentam variação e que, por esse motivo, divergem ou apresentam semelhanças relativamente ao português atual. Consideramos, de facto, que é esse percurso que nos pode fornecer a chave para entender as motivações e mecanismos da mudança derivacional, bem como para interpretar a diversidade e/ou variação atual. Tentar-se-á mostrar como a partir de cerca de 1450 os novos horizontes socioculturais soprados pelos ventos dos Descobrimentos e do Humanismo italiano fizeram ressurgir os sufixos -mento, -ção e -ria (que já existiam no Latim), resolvendo alguns casos de ambiguidade polissémica ou ainda atenuando eufemisticamente a expressão de ideias desagradáveis, como a ideia de ‘morte’. Em alguns casos, a ambiguidade foi muitas vezes motivada pelo processo de “rotinização” da linguagem jurídica e pelas convenções sociais associadas a certos conceitos, em relações contratuais exprimindo assimetria de Poderes.
When Does (Mis)Fit in Customer Orientation Matter for Frontline Employees’ Job Satisfaction and Performance?
Authors: Menguc Bulent , Auh Seigyoung , Katsikeas Constantine S. , Jung Yeon Sung
Published: November 2015

The role of coworkers’ customer orientation (CO) in influencing an employee's CO has received sparse attention in the literature. This research serves two purposes. First, the study draws on person–group fit theory to develop and test a model of a frontline employee's CO relative to that of his or her coworkers as well as the effects of CO (mis)fit on job satisfaction and service performance through coworker relationship quality. Second, the authors propose three work-group characteristics—group size, service climate strength, and leader‒member exchange differentiation—that they expect to mitigate the (negative) positive effect of employee‒coworker CO (mis)fit on coworker relationship quality. Data collected in a multirespondent (i.e., frontline employees and supervisors) longitudinal research design indicate that as group size increases, service climate becomes stronger, and group leaders develop different exchange relationships with employees, the inherently (negative) positive role of employee–coworker CO (mis)fit in influencing coworker relationship quality diminishes. Furthermore, coworker relationship quality fully mediates the associations of employee–coworker CO (mis)fit with job satisfaction and service performance. The authors close with a discussion of the theoretical and practical implications of the boundary conditions of CO (mis)fit.
Op-Ug TD Optimizer Tool Based on Matlab Code to Find Transition Depth From Open Pit to Block Caving / Narzędzie Optymalizacyjne Oparte O Kod Matlab Wykorzystane Do Określania Głębokości Przejściowej Od Wydobycia Odkrywkowego Do Wybierania Komorami
Authors: Bakhtavar E.
Published: November 2015

In this study, transition from open pit to block caving has been considered as a challenging problem. For this purpose, the linear integer programing code of Matlab was initially developed on the basis of the binary integer model proposed by Bakhtavar et al (2012). Then a program based on graphical user interface (GUI) was set up and named “Op-Ug TD Optimizer”. It is a beneficial tool for simple application of the model in all situations where open pit is considered together with block caving method for mining an ore deposit. Finally, Op-Ug TD Optimizer has been explained step by step through solving the transition from open pit to block caving problem of a case ore deposit.
Research on dynamics of the knee joint for different types of loads
Authors: Dygut Jacek , Kuchta Marek
Published: November 2015

Modern clinical and sports medicine increasingly uses training and diagnostic equipment. They allow monitoring of the training process, cycle control, and evaluation of the basic parameters. These devices are used to carry out the training process for healthy people as well as for the rehabilitation of persons with impaired organ movement functions. The developed measurement properties allow defining many parameters and biomechanical functions. They can estimate the state of a particular biomechanical group and monitor its efficiency for a long period of time. The main aim of the research was to determine the impact of the type of load on the dynamic parameters during straightening of the knee joint. It compared parameters of the sick and healthy limbs under the influence of a particular load. The article presents the results of measurements of dynamic parameters of the knee joint. Measurements were obtained during the use of different types of loads for healthy people. The second part of the article concerns the comparison of functions in the sick and healthy limbs of the test person.
Morphological update on Calycina marina (Pezizellaceae, Helotiales, Leotiomycetes), a new combination for Laetinaevia marina
Authors: Baral Hans-Otto , Rämä Teppo
Published: November 2015

Laetinaevia marina is a frequent ascomycetous fungus that is widely distributed on the seashores of Scandinavia and Great Britain. It grows on fronds of Fucales (Phaeophyceae) that are washed ashore and lie decaying at the high tide mark or further up on the beach. It is one of the few described marine discomycetes. In the current generic concept it is regarded as a member of Naevioideae (Dermateaceae or Mollisiaceae), while it has previously been placed in the genus Orbilia (Orbiliaceae). We studied fresh collections, in live and dead state, to provide a morphological update on the species and to elucidate its systematic placement using molecular systematics. The hemiamyloid reaction of the apical ring, the absence of croziers, and the faintly refractive vacuolar bodies of the terminal cells of living paraphyses are reported here for the first time. A thin gel sheath surrounding the ascospores was confirmed to exist. Based on morphological characters, ribosomal RNA and protein coding gene sequences published for this species here for the first time, we show that L. marina is distinct from the genera and families it was previously placed in, and propose the new combination Calycina marina, despite its erumpent, sessile, pulvinate and rather immarginate apothecia. Furthermore, we present additional observations on the ecology, phenology, and distribution of the species.
Death domain associated protein (Daxx), a multi-functional protein
Authors: Tang Shuang-Yang , Wan Yan-Ping , Wu Yi-Mou
Published: November 2015

Death domain associated protein (Daxx), a multi-functional protein, plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell apoptosis, carcinogenesis, anti-virus infection and so on. However, its regulatory mechanisms for both cell survival and apoptosis remain largely obscure. Our review of recent studies shows that Daxx has many interesting functional dualities and can provide a reference for further research on Daxx.
Has TV advertising lost its effectiveness to other touch points?
Authors: Roozen Irene , Meulders Michel
Published: November 2015

In this paper we analyze the relative effectiveness of the moment of contact (touch point) between a brand and an individual consumer. The concept of effectiveness is made operational through the use of both attitude (cognitive, emotional and conative) and awareness measures (recall and recognition). The main research uses a 4x4 Latin square confounded within subjects factorial design with different touch points and brands. The appropriate stimuli were identified in a preliminary study. The results indicate that, overall, TV advertising and print advertisements – the traditional media channels – are significantly more effective than the internet, a non-traditional media channel.
Exploring the role of identification and moral disengagement in the enjoyment of an antihero television series
Authors: Janicke Sophie H. , Raney Arthur A.
Published: November 2015

Affective disposition theory explains well the process of enjoying hero narratives but not the appeal of narratives featuring antiheroes. Recent antihero studies suggest that character identification and moral disengagement might be important factors in the enjoyment of such fare. The current study builds on this work. A sample of 101 self-identified fans and nonfans of the television series
Prediction of coking dynamics for wet coal charge
Authors: Kardaś Dariusz , Polesek-Karczewska Sylwia , Ciżmiński Przemysław , Stelmach Sławomir
Published: November 2015

A one-dimensional transient mathematical model describing thermal and flow phenomena during coal coking in an oven chamber was studied in the paper. It also accounts for heat conduction in the ceramic oven wall when assuming a constant temperature at the heating channel side. The model was solved numerically using partly implicit methods for gas flow and heat transfer problems. The histories of temperature, gas evolution and internal pressure were presented and analysed. The theoretical predictions of temperature change in the centre plane of the coke oven were compared with industrialscale measurements. Both, the experimental data and obtained numerical results show that moisture content determines the coking process dynamics, lagging the temperature increase above the water steam evaporation temperature and in consequence the total coking time. The phenomenon of internal pressure generation in the context of overlapping effects of simultaneously occurring coal transitions - devolatilisation and coal permeability decrease under plastic stage - was also discussed.
Investigations of operation problems at a 200 MWe PF boiler
Authors: Peta Sandile , Toit Chris du , Naidoo Reshendren , Schmitz Walter , Jestin Louis
Published: November 2015

To minimize oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emission, maximize boiler combustion efficiency, achieve safe and reliable burner combustion, it is crucial to master global boiler and at-the-burner control of fuel and air flows. Non-uniform pulverized fuel (PF) and air flows to burners reduce flame stability and pose risk to boiler safety by risk of reverse flue gas and fuel flow into burners. This paper presents integrated techniques implemented at pilot ESKOM power plants for the determination of global boiler air/flue gas distribution, wind-box air distribution and measures for making uniform the flow being delivered to burners within a wind-box system. This is achieved by Process Flow Modelling, at-the-burner static pressure measurements and CFD characterization. Global boiler mass and energy balances combined with validated site measurements are used in an integrated approach to calculate the total (stoichiometric + excess) air mass flow rate required to burn the coal quality being fired, determine the actual quantity of air that flows through the burners and the furnace ingress air. CFD analysis and use of at-the-burner static, total pressure and temperature measurements are utilized in a 2-pronged approach to determine root-causes for burner fires and to evaluate secondary air distribution between burners.
A design procedure for “liquid to air” type atomisers based on air and water mixture outflow velocity
Authors: Krawczyk Piotr , Badyda Krzysztof
Published: November 2015

The paper proposes a procedure which enables to determine selected geometric and operating parameters for twin-fluid liquid-to-air atomisers with internal mixing. The presented approach assumes that in order to ensure proper operation of an atomiser it is necessary to design its structure and flow parameters in such a way so that the flow inside the mixing chamber has a dispersive character. In order to calculate a required exhaust cross-section for the analysed atomiser, conditions within the exhaust plane: pressure, density and outflow velocity were estimated. In order to determine diameter and number of orifices supplying the liquid to the mixing chamber of the investigated atomiser type, a multi-parameter analysis based on numerical fluid mechanics was performed. The final part of the paper presents selected results obtained from experimental stand measurements made on an atomiser designed according to the presented procedure.
New faunistic records of Limoniidae and Tipulidae (Diptera) from the Czech Republic
Authors: Starý Jaroslav , Čelechovský Alois
Published: November 2015

Primary collecting data are given for 11 species of Limoniidae and Tipulidae, representing the first records from Bohemia or Moravia.
Viscario vulgaris-Quercetum petraeae Stöcker (1965) in the Opawskie Mts (Eastern Sudetes)
Authors: Nowak Arkadiusz , Nowak Sylwia
Published: November 2015

Results of phytosociological studies conducted in the southern part of Opole Silesia within the Sudetes mountain range in 2014-2015 are presented. The main aim of our research was to confirm the occurrence of Viscario vulgaris-Quercetum petraeae Stöcker 1965, which had previously been noted in Poland only within the Central Sudetes Foothills in Lower Silesia province. Two additional sites of this extremely rare in Poland plant association were confirmed, located within the Opawskie Mts in Opole province. The association develops on steep slopes, near rocky outcrops, on southern or western expositions at altitudes between 350 and 410 m a.s.l. All plots of the association consists of several diagnostic taxa and the share of thermophilous plants is clear. The Viscario vulgaris-Quercetum petraeae is rather species poor forest phytocoenosis with the herb layer abundance shrink by a scree downslides. The most frequent taxa contributing to the sampled plots were: Luzula luzuloides, Galeopsis ladanum, Hieracium laevigatum, Lembotropis nigricans, Vaccinium myrtillus, Deschampsia flexuosa and Viscaria vulgaris. In all forest plots the Quercus petraea apparently dominates and shrub layer is scarce.
Dilutineuron, a new moss genus of the subfamily Racomitrioideae (Grimmiaceae, Bryophyta)
Authors: Bednarek-Ochyra Halina , Sawicki Jakub , Ochyra Ryszard , Szczecińska Monika , Plášek Vítězslav
Published: November 2015

Based on available molecular and morphological evidence, the genus Codriophorus P.Beauv. (Grimmiaceae subfam. Racomitrioideae) proved to be a polyphyletic taxon. It consists of two distinct genera which correspond to two sections of Codriophorus, namely sect. Codriophorus and sect. Fascicularia (Bednarek-Ochyra) Bednarek-Ochyra & Ochyra. The latter section is raised to generic rank as Dilutineuron Bednarek-Ochyra, Sawicki, Ochyra, Szczecińska & Plášek. The new genus consists of the following five species: D. fasciculare (Hedw.) Bednarek-Ochyra, Sawicki, Ochyra, Szczecińska & Plášek, comb. nov., D. brevisetum (Lindb.) Bednarek-Ochyra, Sawicki, Ochyra, Szczecińska & Plášek, comb. nov., D. anomodontoides (Cardot) Bednarek-Ochyra, Sawicki, Ochyra, Szczecińska & Plášek, comb. nov., D. corrugatum (Bednarek-Ochyra) Bednarek-Ochyra, Sawicki, Ochyra, Szczecińska & Plášek, comb. nov. and D. laevigatum (Mitt.) Bednarek-Ochyra, Sawicki, Ochyra, Szczecińska & Plášek, comb. nov.
New taxonomical arrangement of the traditionally conceived genera Orthotrichum and Ulota (Orthotrichaceae, Bryophyta)
Authors: Plášek Vítězslav , Sawicki Jakub , Ochyra Ryszard , Szczecińska Monika , Kulik Tomasz
Published: November 2015

The traditionally conceived genera Orthotrichum Hedw. and Ulota F.Weber are here reclassified into six genera, Orthotrichum, Dorcadion Lindb., Nyholmiella Holmen & E.Warncke, Pulvigera Plášek, Sawicki & Ochyra, Plenogemma Plášek, Sawicki & Ochyra, and Ulota, based on morphological differences and partially on molecular evidence. The genus Pulvigera includes P. lyellii (Hook. & Taylor) Plášek, Sawicki & Ochyra (Orthotrichum lyellii Hook. & Taylor) which was selected as its generitype. The genus Plenogemma includes P. phyllantha (Brid.) Plášek, Sawicki & Ochyra (Ulota phyllantha Brid.) which was selected as its generitype.
An efficient synthesis of 11-aryl-10-oxo-7,8,10,11-tetrahydro-1H-[1,2,3]triazolo [4′,5′:3,4]benzo[1,2-b][1,6]naphthyridine derivatives under catalyst-free conditions
Authors: Jin Rong-Zhang , Li Yu-Ling , Wang Xiang-Shan
Published: November 2015

A three-component reaction of an aromatic aldehyde, 1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-5-amine and tert-butyl 2,4-dioxopiperidine-1-carboxylate in refluxing EtOH under catalyst-free conditions furnishes the title compounds in high yields.
Applicability of soil column incubation experiments to measure CO2 efflux
Authors: Guo Linlin , Nishimura Taku , Imoto Hiromi , Sun Zhigang
Published: November 2015

Accurate measurements of CO2 efflux from soils are essential to understand dynamic changes in soil carbon storage. Column incubation experiments are commonly used to study soil water and solute transport; however, the use of column incubation experiments to study soil CO2 efflux has seldom been reported. In this study, a 150-day greenhouse experiment with two treatments (no-tillage and tillage soils) was conducted to evaluate the applicability of soil column incubation experiments to study CO2 efflux. Both the chamber measurement and the gradient method were used, and results from the two methods were consistent: tillage increased soil cumulative CO2 efflux during the incubation period. Compared with fieldwork, incubation experiments can create or precisely control experimental conditions and thus have advantages for investigating the influence of climate factors or human activities on CO2 efflux. They are superior to bottle incubation because soil column experiments maintain a soil structure that is almost the same as that in the field, and thus can facilitate analyses on CO2 behaviour in the soil profile and more accurate evaluations of CO2 efflux. Although some improvements are still required for column incubation experiments, wider application of this method to study soil CO2 behaviour is expected.
Morpho-anatomical traits of two lowest internodes related to lodging resistance in selected genotypes of Triticum
Authors: Packa Danuta , Wiwart Marian , Suchowilska Elżbieta , Bieńkowska Teresa
Published: November 2015

The cross-sections of first and second internodes were analyzed under a light and fluorescence microscopes in six varieties of Triticum spelta, two varieties of T. polonicum, and one variety of T. aestivum. The morphometric parameters of stem cross-sections were measured. The analyzed wheats were characterized by significant differences in traits associated with lodging resistance ie: internode diameter, lumen diameter, stem wall thickness, mechanical layer thickness, area of transverse section, and area of lumen for the first and second internode and between the internodes. In all varieties, the values of internode diameter, lumen diameter, area of transverse section and area of lumen were higher for the second internode than for the first internode, whereas the reverse was reported for stem wall thickness and mechanical layer thickness The results of the principal component analysis and section modulus values revealed similarities between spring spelt Wirtas and Rubinas and between common wheat Kontesa and winter spelt Poeme and Epanis. The number of large vascular bundles varied across the studied varieties. The average number of vascular bundles in common wheat Kontesa was significantly higher than in spring spelt Rubinas and Wirtas and significantly lower than in Polish wheat Pol-3 and winter spelt Epanis and Poeme.
Impact of maternal age on delivery outcomes following spontaneous labour at term
Authors: Omih Edwin Eseoghene , Lindow Stephen
Published: November 2015

Aim:

Pregnancy in women of advancing maternal age is linked to incrementally worsening perinatal outcome. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of maternal age on delivery outcome in women that spontaneously labour at term.

Methods:

This was a retrospective study of women that spontaneously labour at term. Women with singletons in spontaneous onset labour beyond 37 weeks of gestation were divided into five maternal age groups: <19 years, 20–24 years, 25–29 years, 30–34 years and >35 years by their age at delivery. The main outcome variables are augmentation of labour, caesarean section, assisted vaginal delivery, and perineal trauma, while admission of the newborn into the neonatal unit within 24 h following delivery was the secondary outcome measure.

Results:

A total of 30,022 met the inclusion criteria with primiparae and multiparae accounting for 46 and 54%, respectively. Increasing age in primiparae was associated with; augmentation of labour OR 2.05 (95% CI 1.73–2.43), second degree perineal tear 1.35 (1.12–1.61), assisted vaginal delivery 1.92 (1.53–2.41) and caesarean section 4.23 (3.19–5.12). While that for multiparae; augmentation of labour OR 1.93 (1.05–3.52), perineal trauma 2.50 (1.85–3.34), assisted vaginal delivery 4.95 (91.82–13.35) and caesarean section 1.64 (1.13–2.38). The secondary outcome measure did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusion:

Increasing maternal age is an independent risk factor for operative delivery, and perineal trauma. However, maternal age has no significant effect on admission of infants into the NICU during the first 24 h following delivery.
Intertwin estimated fetal weight or crown rump length discordance and adverse perinatal outcome
Authors: Kaponis Apostolos , Thanatsis Nikolaos , Papadopoulos Vassilis , Decavalas George
Published: November 2015

Aim:

In the current review study, we present recent data regarding the importance of intertwin estimated fetal weight (EFW) and crown rump length (CRL) discordance for the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome both in monochorionic and in dichorionic diamniotic gestations.

Results:

Twins with significant weight disparity are associated with higher rates of perinatal morbidity and mortality, regardless of gestational age at delivery. However, there is no agreement regarding as to the cut off value above which the perinatal outcome is unfavorably affected and the threshold range from 10 to 30%. On the other hand, CRL discrepancy has proved to be a weak predictor of adverse outcomes, such as fetal or neonatal death in fetuses without chromosomal and structural abnormalities. In clinical practice, decisions about obstetric surveillance of discordant twin gestations, frequency of fetal sonographic monitoring and time of delivery are usually based on amniotic fluid volume and Doppler assessments on a weekly basis.

Conclusion:

Significant EFW discordance leads to adverse perinatal outcome, although the cut-off value has not yet been estimated. CRL discrepancy is not correlated well with adverse perinatal outcome. However, increased monitoring of women with EFW and CRL discrepancy is suggested.
Geographic distribution of the European hare (Lepus europaeus) in Brazil and new records of occurrence for the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest biomes
Authors: de Faria Gabriel Messias Moura , Rosa Clarissa Alves , Castro Corrêa Guilherme Leandro , Puertas Fernando , Olarte Jiménez Karem Manuelita , Perillo Lucas Neves , Hufnagel Ludmila , Leles Bruno , de Paula Rogério Cunha , Guimarães Rodrigues Flávio Henrique , Passamani Marcelo
Published: November 2015

The introduction of alien species is among the main causes of biodiversity loss. There are many documented cases of introduced mammals having severe impacts on the ecosystem. The European hare (
Modification of chemical, optical and structural properties of Bayfol CR-6-2 using gamma and neutron irradiation
Authors: Shehata Mohamed M. , Waly Sayed A. , Radwan Samh I. , Badawy Zaynab M. , Hassan Amin
Published: November 2015

The effects of gamma and neutron irradiations on the chemical, optical and structural properties of Bayfol CR-6-2 were
investigated. The samples were irradiated by γ-rays from a 60Co source at various doses ranging between 16 and
900 kGy at room temperature in atmospheric air. For neutrons, an Am-Be neutron facility was used for the sample irradiation
in thermal mode which had an activity of 185 GBq. Samples were irradiated with different doses of neutrons ranging from
15.7 to 564.2 mGy. The changes induced were analyzed using UV-Vis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry. The
results demonstrated an occurrence of oxidative degradation, resulting in the formation of carbonyl groups at
1700 cm
–1. Simultaneous thermo-gravimetric investigation (TGA) has been performed on the samples of 0.3 mm
thickness. The results obtained indicate that cross-linking predominates at small neutron doses and main chain scission happens at
higher doses.
The functional role of all postsynaptic potentials examined from a first-person frame of reference
Authors: Vadakkan Kunjumon I.
Published: November 2015

When assigning a central role to the neuronal firing, a large number of incoming postsynaptic potentials not utilized during both supra- and subthreshold neuronal activations are not given any functional significance. Local synaptic potentials at the apical dendrites get attenuated as they arrive at the soma to nearly a twentieth of what a synapse proximal to the soma produces. Conservation of these functions necessitates searching for their functional roles. Potentials induced at the postsynapses of neurons of all the neuronal orders activated by sensory inputs carry small bits of sensory information. The activation of these postsynapses by any means other than the activation from their corresponding presynaptic terminals, that also contribute to oscillating potentials, induce the semblance of the arrival of activity from their presynaptic terminals. This is a candidate mechanism for inducing the first-person internal sensory elements of various higher brain functions as a systems property. They also contribute to the firing of subthreshold-activated neurons, including motor neurons. Operational mechanism of inter-postsynaptic functional LINKs can provide necessary structural requirements for these functions. The functional independence of the distal dendritic compartment and recent evidence for in vivo dendritic spikes indicate their independent role in the formation of internal sensory elements. In these contexts, a neuronal soma is flanked by a large number of quasi-functional internal sensory processing units operated using very little energy, even when a neuron is not firing. A large number of possible combinations of internal sensory units explains the corresponding number of specific memory retrievals by the system in response to various cue stimuli.
Numerical Study of the Propulsive Performance of the Hollow Rotating Detonation Engine with a Laval Nozzle
Authors: Yao Songbai , Tang Xinmeng , Wang Jianping
Published: November 2015

The aim of the present paper is to investigate the propulsive performance of the hollow rotating detonation engine (RDE) with a Laval nozzle. Three-dimensional simulations are carried out with a one-step Arrhenius chemistry model. The Laval nozzle is found to improve the propulsive performance of hollow RDE in all respects. The thrust and fuel-based specific impulse are increased up to 12.60 kN and 7484.40 s, respectively, from 6.46 kN and 6720.48 s. Meanwhile, the total mass flow rate increases from 3.63 kg/s to 6.68 kg/s. Overall, the Laval nozzle significantly improves the propulsive performance of the hollow RDE and makes it a promising model among detonation engines.
External Crisis, Information Cues, and Presidential Popularity in Korea, 1993–2008
Authors: Lee Junhan , Hwang Wonjae
Published: November 2015

As information cues grow diverse, the public becomes better equipped with the information necessary to independently judge external crises, and thus their support for the president is less likely to be influenced by elite discourse. Our analysis of South Korean presidential popularity (1993–2008) confirms this expectation.
Korea’s New Leaders and Prospects for Reconciliation
Authors: Quinones C. Kenneth
Published: November 2015

The Republic of Korea and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea since 1972 have attempted reconciliation, but without durable success. The latter’s building of a nuclear arsenal erased the progress achieved in 1989–1992 and 1998–2008. Assessed here is whether the new leaders of both Koreas since 2012 might be able to resume progress toward reconciliation. Ultimately, Park alone cannot sustain progress toward reconciliation unless she receives substantial domestic political support and North Korean leader Kim Jong-un responds constructively to her effort.
Hydrofluoric Acid – Simple Things You May Do Not Know About Something You Are So Habituated To Use
Authors: Carpena Guilherme , Ballarin Adressa
Published: November 2015

Hydrofluoric Acid (HF) acid usually is used to etch the internal surface of the ceramic restoration. This acid increases surface relief in micromechanical bonding of resin cement to ceramic restoration Pre-treatment conditioning with HF in feldspathic ceramic and leucita reinforced glass-ceramic will result in an internal surface with white-opaque appearance. In this brief new perspective article we would discuss some important issues regarding HF use in dentistry.
Requirements specification for mobile software for e-commerce and its adoption by small organic farmers in Costa Rica
Authors: Aguilar Jose Francisco
Published: November 2015

Rural development can be favoured not only with the development of new and sustainable agricultural practices, but also with information communication technology applications. Requirements analysis and specification for mobile software has been recognized as a key factor for economic success and as a support to E-commerce. With the aim to develop a mobile application for a small group of farmers, a partnership among the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAG), the Institute Costa Rican Electricity, Telecommunications (ICE), the University of Costa Rica (UCR), and a group of organic farmers was established. Here we describe the different processes and the connection between the user needs and the software development team. After defining the specific roles of each organization, we provided especial consideration for the adoption phase, due to digital divide of the target group of small organic farmers. The analysis conducted concluded that the creation of the mobile application had both benefits and challenges. On one hand, it represented an important first step into the world of Information Communication Technology (ICT) applied to organic farming activities in Costa Rica that can surely boost e-commerce. The needs were potentially solved by the inherent advantages of ICT in an increasingly competitive world, with equity of opportunities, and the important challenge to preserve the biodiversity with sustainable agricultural practices. The specifications of mobile software requirements established in this project were supported by considerations of adoption and of collaboration, cooperation and communication strategies among key stakeholders to follow-up, the implementation phase and to assure success.
An effect of IoT based Electronic Sow Feeder (ESF) on productivity of swine farms
Authors: Kang Chunghan , Hwang Seoyoung , Moon Junghoon
Published: November 2015

This study aimed to investigate the effect of an electronic sow feeder (ESF) on the productivity of swine farms. The ESF is a specific component of the Internet of Things (IoT)-based swine production management systems, which are prevalently used by swine farms. Though the effect of weight sorter adoption, another component of swine production management systems, have been clarified, the effect of ESF adoption has not yet been understood. To accomplish the aim of study, data from 19 swine farms were collected in Korea and a t-test was conducted. This study found that the ESF has a positive effect on decreasing the number of farrowing accidents, the mean days to re-service, and increasing the average number of farrowing accidents. Though the findings of this study are limited to the selected farms in Korea, the method of this study can be generally applied to other swine farms that use IoT-based swine production management systems. Future research will extend these results while considering productivity data and environmental data simultaneously. Examining the effects of other components of IoT-based production management systems is another possible direction to extend this study.
e-Government portal for providing integrated agrifood information based on Big Data Analysis
Authors: Yeo Euijoo , Yoo Sunggoo , Koh Yunhwa , Moon Junghoon
Published: November 2015

The e-government portal is a service that provides integrated agrifood information. Its purpose is to integrate vast amounts of agrifood data and to provide user-customized information on agrifood. Public agrifood data were collected from the Korean government, while private agrifood data were collected from Social Network Services and blogs. We analyzed the data and classified consumer purchasing behavior into five types. We then analyzed agrifood preference by type and weather conditions. Based on the results of these analyses, we developed recommendations for appropriate menus and agrifood and provided price information of recommended agrifood to consumers.
The water saving with Irriframe platform for thousands of Italian farms
Authors: Giannerini Gianfranco , Genovesi Roberto
Published: November 2015

The Irriframe cloud services have been developed by Water Boards Italian Association (ANBI) aiming to ensure an efficient use of water resources in the agricultural sector. After 4 years of activity, most of the Italian irrigable areas are covered by the service for over 7 millions of hectares. A daily-basis irrigation scheduling is provided to thousands of farms through the Web, SMS and a Smartphone APP. Irriframe services allow a water saving amount of about 120 million of cubic meters of water for a season. The platform has been designed by an IT company (AltaVia srl, Italy) according to the knowledge base, provided by the water boards research centre CER. Starting from 2014 the platform is also supported by the Italian Ministry of Agriculture (MIPAAF). This paper describes the Irriframe services and the main development trends for the near future.
Surgical Approach to the Adrenal Glands
Authors: Scott-Coombes David ,   Consultant in Endocrine Surgery, Department of Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
Published: November 2015

Any surgeon treating a patient with adrenal disease should be a member of a multi-disciplinary team involving dedicated specialists, including an endocrinologist, anaesthetist, radiologist, intensivist and geneticist. In an era of epidemic numbers of adrenal incidentalomas, great care must be taken to determine not only the endocrine diagnosis, but also the benefits (if any) of adrenal surgery. Finally, the surgeon must be competent in both minimally invasive and gross resectional surgical techniques and know when to adopt these two very different surgical approaches.
Improving Diabetes Outcomes through Nutrition and Lifestyle Change— Translating Research to Practice
Authors: Delahanty Linda M ,   Assistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Chief Dietitian and Director of Nutrition and Behavioral Research, Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, US
Published: November 2015

The evidence supporting effectiveness of nutrition and lifestyle change in improving diabetes-related outcomes is substantial. The process of translating that evidence into practice in ways that are tailored to each patient’s clinical profile, eating habits and lifestyle, and learning style needs team collaboration including referral to lifestyle programs or registered dietitians for medical nutrition therapy. Patients need to receive consistent messaging about nutrition and lifestyle priorities and be engaged in collaborating on doable action steps that build self-efficacy and improve outcomes.
Choice of Glucose-lowering Therapy— A Metabolic Fulcrum-based Approach
Authors: Kalra Sanjay , Gupta Yashdeep ,   Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, India,   Department of Endocrinology, All-India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
Published: November 2015

Choosing the appropriate glucose-lowering therapy for the optimal management of type 2 diabetes is always challenging. Existing guidelines either do not offer any recommendations as to which particular drug to use as second- or third-line therapy, or make the issue too confusing for a primary care physician to follow. We suggest a simple, metabolic fulcrum-based approach, which classifies persons with type 2 diabetes as being eubolic, as being predominantly catabolic, or as having “maladaptive anabolism.” This metabolic triage, performed using phenotypic features, with or without supporting investigations, allows the rational choice of therapy, which helps achieve glycemic targets in a more efficient manner.