bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact on Visual Outcome and Complications in Postoperative Raised Intaocular Pressure (IOP) Patients of Cataract Surgery at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Jadhav Saudamini Jaywantrao , Balwir Dhiraj Namdeo
Published: May 2019

Background and Objectives: Intraocular pressure increase frequently occurs in the early period after cataract Extraction. Some operated patients of cataract surgery, however, may experience pain, corneal oedema, glaucomatous nerve damage, or anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Causes of this elevation in IOP include retained lens material, postoperative inflammation, and retention of viscoelastic substances within the anterior chamber. Postoperative increases in IOP are transient and benign. It is therefore important to monitor continuously the effect of new cataract surgical techniques on postoperative IOP as well as the impact of increased IOP on visual outcomes. Materials and Methods: Out of total patients who underwent cataract surgery at our institute 1311 had increase in intra-ocular pressure during November 2015 to October 2017. Out of those total number of 150 patients were selected at random after taking inclusion and exclusion criteria into consideration. Cases of increased intraocular pressure post cataract surgery were included in study were examined in full on observations documented on post-operative Day 1 then till discharge, after 7 days, 1 month and 3 months. Results: Thus, incidence of increase in intraocular pressure after cataract surgery in our institute is 24.15%. In the present study acute postoperative inflammation was the most common cause (39%) of increase in intraocular pressure. Other common causes were vitreous obstruction following posterior capsular rupture (27%), retained visco-elastic substances (22%). Least common cause (2%) in our study was retained lenticular fragments. Conclusion: Maximum patients (53%) with raised intra-ocular pressure post-cataract surgery had pressures in the range of 21 to 30 mm Hg. Majority (64%) had postoperative day 1 best corrected visual acuity between FC 1 m to 20/200. No patient had BCVA 20/20 to 20/40. Patients with increased IOP more than 40 mm Hg were associated poor visual outcome compared to patients with less IOP rise. In maximum patients (86%), intra-ocular pressure became normal (<21mm hg) within 7 days.
Study of Respiratory Symptoms in Farmers Admitted in Tertiary Health Care Institute
Authors: Kulkarni Gauri Suhas , Mortale Maya Madhav , Kadukar Juhi R. , Telkhade Abhijit J.
Published: May 2019

Background: Farmers have a high prevalence of respiratory symptoms and airway obstruction. Respiratory problems occurs on exposure to various types of farming which are both immunologic and non-immunologic in nature. Aims and Objectives: To study the respiratory symptoms and their association with type of farming in farmers admitted to respiratory medicine ward in a tertiary health care institute. Results: Breathlessness (89.1 %) was the most common clinical feature amongst population. Exposure to organic and inorganic dust, hays, biomass fuel and pesticide were the most common risk factors associated with farming. Nonsmoker farmers also had a more respiratory symptom. Conclusion: Respiratory symptoms are the most common among farmers though smoking is a confounding factor, but it was observed that nonsmoker farmers also developed symptoms.
The Study of Clinical Profile, Risk Factors, Management and Outcome of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Women Admitted at Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Authors: Nale Kalyan Dadaram , Patil Chetan Shridhar , Chafekar Neelima Deodatta
Published: May 2019

Aims and Objectives: To study the clinical profile, risk factors, management and outcome of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) in women admitted at Tertiary Care Hospital. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective observational study. After obtaining permission from the Institutional Ethics committee this study was carried out. 80 women with acute myocardial infarction admitted at tertiary health care center during a period of two years were recruited for the study. The data, consisting of detailed history, clinical features, risk factors, relevant investigations, management, course in the hospital and ultimate outcome was obtained and documented in a tabulated format. This data was carefully studied and statistically analyzed by applying appropriate statistical tests and inferences were drawn. Results: Study showed maximum number of women admitted with acute myocardial infarction (37.50%), were elderly, belonging to the age group of 61 to 70. Majority of the women (75%) were multiparous as compared to primiparous. Majority of these women also were postmenopausal (87.5%) as compared to premenopausal. 54 women (67.5%) presented to the hospital in less than 12 hours of onset of symptoms, out of it which 52(96.29%) women survived and 2(3.71%) died. 26 women (32.5%) presented to the hospital after the 12 hours of onset of symptoms, out of it 16 women (61.53%) survived and 10 succumbed (38.4%). Conclusion: The survival rate was higher when the time lag between onset of symptoms and starting the treatment was â‰¤12 hours.
GESTÃO ESTRATÉGICA DE ESTOQUE EM EMPRESAS DO COMÉRCIO
Authors: Pereira Mirelle Cristiane
Published: May 2019

Hoje em dia as organizações estão na busca de melhores alternativas para que se tenha um bom método de gestão, sendo assim, o presente estudo irá abordar a Gestão Estratégica de Estoque em Empresas do Comércio. Tendo como objetivo explorar as teorias básicas de gestão de estoque e apresentá-las como ferramenta de grande valia para as empresas, apresentando assim a importância do estoque como fator estratégico na busca da eficiência e da eficácia na gestão de seus negócios para alcançar a maior rentabilidade possível. Além das antigas e novas teorias pesquisadas, o presente trabalho traz também algumas sugestões dadas, ainda que de maneira informal, por profissionais que atuam em posições de destaque em empresas do comércio, descrevendo o que fazem para rentabilizar o estoque mercantil que está sob sua responsabilidade, podendo tornar o referido trabalho como uma boa forma de contribuição para que empresas do comércio possam maximizar seus resultados com as mercadorias por elas comercializados.Palavras-chaves: Estoque. Eficiência. Administração de materiais.
EMPREENDEDORISMO PÚBLICO: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NA SECRETARIA DE MEIO AMBIENTE DE UM MUNICÍPIO DO SUL DE MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Mourad Layla Isadora Nonato , Andrade Daniela Meirelles , Gonçalves Vinícius Batista
Published: May 2019

Osborne e Gaebler, na obra “Reinventando o Governo”, propõem dez mandamentos para auxiliar na implantação do empreendedorismo na administração pública. Com base nos princípios citados nesta obra e buscando entender a realidade da secretaria do meio ambiente de um município localizado no sul de Minas Gerais, este trabalho visa identificar a existência dos dez mandamentos propostos pelos autores. Para isso, realizou-se entrevistas semiestruturadas com três servidores e o secretário da respectiva secretaria, escolhidos a partir da estratégia bola de neve. A pesquisa constatou a existência ações realizadas por meio de métodos empreendedores referentes à prevenção contra degradação ambiental e sua respectiva conservação de forma parcial, porém nenhum mandamento teórico foi aplicado integralmente.
MULTILEVEL SYSTEM OF FORMATION OF MATHEMATICAL COMPETENCE OF TEACHING ENGINEERING PROFILE UNDER TERMS OF CONTINUOUS EDUCATION
Authors: Ilyashenko Lubov K.
Published: May 2019

Purpose of Study: The aim of this paper was designing a multi-stage model for the learning of maths of engineering college students under continuous learning.This was a content analysis study, then we first outlined the basic and key mathematical topics that engineering students should be mastering. We then identified a multi-stage model of expected learning levels for each of these topics, after that, we categorized the topics based on the levels desired and put them in the form of a pattern of continuous learning courses and finally, the time and type of evaluation were determined in each period. Accordingly, the length of each period was considered to be 3 months, and the upgrade criterion in each curse was considered as a step in 80% of the topics.

Methodology: This was a content analysis study, in which mathematical topics were first categorized in the field of engineering.

Results: In this research, a five-level model was designed in 12 courses. The criterion for determining the levels, the degree of deepening and the importance of learning, and for the determination of curses, were the key to the basic concepts and concepts that students had difficulty with. The model was designed in five levels, moving from top to bottom, math problems became more abstract and complex. Then, for each level, steps were taken to determine the expectations of the course for students.

Implications/Applications: Mathematical concepts are crucial in engineering, but students over time forget them and face a lot of problems in their work. Accordingly, it is imperative to use This model for continuous learning of these concepts for Russian engineering students.
A Parametric Analysis of Self-Acting Valves of Reciprocating Compressors Using Mathematical Modeling Methods
Authors: Kotlov А.А.
Published: May 2019

One of the important tasks in the design and operation of reciprocating compressors is to ensure energy-efficient and reliable operation of self-acting valves. The requirements of efficiency and reliability are largely competing, the simultaneous satisfaction of which is not always possible. This paper presents a calculation analysis of various factors effecting the operation of self-acting valves in order to select their rational design parameters. The results of the analysis for the valve’s changing parameters (spring stiffness and maximum valve stroke) and the crankshaft rotational speed are presented. The results obtained do not contradict the data previously described in the literature by other authors, namely, that a reduction in the spring stiffness leads to a reduction in the work expended on pushing the gas through the valve and to a delay in closing the valve, therefore resulting in the backflow of gas through the valve. Reducing the crankshaft rotational speed causes flutter, which affects both the parameters of the valve itself and the efficiency of the compressor as a whole.
Estimation of the Time of Flight of an Electric Unmanned Helicopter Based on the Minimum Set of Parameters
Authors: Sverdlov S.Z.
Published: May 2019

This article deals with the problem of forecasting the time of flight of an electric unmanned helicopter utilizing the minimum set of known parameters: the diameter and number of rotors and the flight mass. By solving this problem, it is possible to estimate the capabilities of an unmanned helicopter (multicopter), without having its full technical characteristics, which are often unavailable. In addition, when starting to design an aircraft, it is important to assess its key parameters necessary to achieve a given duration of flight, while preferably utilizing the minimum set of such parameters. Assessment methods are developed based on the statistics of the specific capacity of the batteries used for the construction of the aircraft class in question, and the analysis of the specific energy per weight, which is based both on theoretical studies and the consideration of known analogues. The obtained formulas clearly express the dependence of the time of flight on the key factors influencing it. Estimation of the time of flight using the proposed methods, may be the first step in designing a multicopter.
Job Precarity, Contract Work, and Self-Care
Authors: Lacey Sajni
Published: May 2019

Job precarity is an active and real issue in the libraries. This piece will explore job precarity as it applies libraries and the financial and emotional strain attached to it, with some strategies for self-care while applying to precarious work and in the positions themselves.
Editorial Responsibilities
Authors: .. ..
Published: May 2019

Editors

Jessica Lange, Editor-in-Chief, McGill University

Giovanna Badia, Guest Editor, McGill University

Linda Ecclestone, Section Editor (Book Reviews), Lasalle Secondary School

Éthel Gamache, Section Editor (French Language), Concordia University

Corinne Gilroy, Layout Editor, Mount Saint Vincent University

Krista Godfrey, Production Editor, Memorial University of Newfoundland

Jen Hoyer, Section Editor (Innovations in Practice), Brooklyn Public Library

Tamara Noor, Section Editor (Features), OCAD University

Rainer Schira, Layout Editor, Brandon University

Ann Smith, Section Editor (Theory & Research), Acadia University

Copyeditors

Lindsay McNiff, Lead Copyeditor, Dalhousie University

Chris Landry, OCAD University

Allana Mayer, OurDigitalWorld

Emily Tyschenko, Guelph Public Library

Greg Nightingale, Western University

Dahlal Mohr-Elzeki, McGill University Health Centre

Andrea Quaiattini, McGill University

 Proofreaders

Deborah Hemming, Simon Fraser Univeristy

Mylène Pinard, McGill University

Tanya Ulmer, Internet Archive Canada (Alberta)

Social Media & Web Design

Graham Lavender, Web Design Coordinator, Michener Institute of Education at UHN

Natalie Colaiacovo, Digital & Social Media Coordinator, Centennial College

Translation

Patrick Labelle, Translator, University of Ottawa
Real-Time Well-Integrity Monitoring Using Fiber-Optic Distributed Acoustic Sensing
Authors: Raab T.. , Reinsch T.. , Aldaz Cifuentes S. R. , Henninges J..
Published: May 2019

Proper cemented casing strings are a key requirement for maintaining well integrity, guaranteeing optimal operation and safe provision of hydrocarbon and geothermal resources from the pay zone to surface facilities. Throughout the life cycle of a well, high–temperature/high–pressure changes in addition to shut–in cyclic periods can lead to strong variations in thermal and mechanical load on the well architecture. The current procedures to evaluate cement quality and to measure downhole temperature are mainly dependent on wireline–logging campaigns. In this paper, we investigate the application of the fiber–optic distributed–acoustic–sensing (DAS) technology to acquire dynamic axial–strain changes caused by propagating elastic waves along the wellbore structure. The signals are recorded by a permanently installed fiber–optic cable and are studied for the possibility of real–time well–integrity monitoring.

The fiber–optic cable was installed along the 18⅝–in. anchor casing and the 21–in.–hole section of a geothermal well in Iceland. During cementing operations, temperature was continuously measured using distributed–temperature–sensing (DTS) technology to monitor the cement placement. DAS data were acquired continuously for 9 days during drilling and injection testing of the reservoir interval in the 12¼–in. openhole section. The DAS data were used to calculate average–axial–strain–rate profiles during different operations on the drillsite. Signals recorded along the optical fiber result from elastic deformation caused by mechanical energy applied from inside (e.g., pressure fluctuations, drilling activities) or outside (e.g., seismic signals) of the well. The results indicate that the average–axial–strain rate of a fiber–optic cable installed behind a casing string generates trends similar to those of a conventional cement–bond log (CBL). The obtained trends along well depth therefore indicate that DAS data acquired during different drilling and testing operations can be used to monitor the mechanical coupling between cemented casing strings and the surrounding formations, hence the cement integrity. The potential use of DTS and DAS technology in downhole evaluations would extend the portfolio to monitor and evaluate qualitatively in real time cement–integrity changes without the necessity of executing costly well–intervention programs throughout the well's life cycle.
High rates of culture conversion and low loss to follow-up in MDR-TB patients managed at Regional Referral Hospitals in Uganda
Authors: Mbonye Martin Kayitale , Otuba John-Paul , Riese Sara , Alima Hilary , Mugabe Frank , Muhwezi Augustin K , Turyahabwe Stavia , Wandera Christopher , Zanten Tisna Veldhuijzen van , Tugume Gladys
Published: May 2019

Background: Multi-drug resistant – tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is an emerging public health concern in Uganda. Prior to 2013, MDR-TB treatment in Uganda was only provided at the national referral hospital and two private-not-for profit clinics. From 2013, it was scaled up to seven regional referral hospitals (RRH). The aim of this study was to measure interim (six months) treatment outcomes among the first cohort of patients started on MDR-TB treatment at the RRH in Uganda.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which a retrospective descriptive analysis of data on a cohort of 69 patients started on MDR-TB treatment at 7 RRH between 1st April 2013 and 30th June 2014 and had been on treatment for at least nine months was conducted.

Results: Of the 69 patients, 21 (30.4%) were female, 39 (56.5%) HIV-negative, 30 (43.5%) resistant to both isoniazid and rifampicin and 57 (82.6%) category 1 or 2 drug susceptible TB treatment failures. Median age at start of treatment was 35 years (Interquartile range (IQR): 27-45), median time-to-treatment initiation was 27.5 (IQR:6-89) days and of the 30 HIV-positive patients, 27 (90.0%) were on anti-retroviral treatment with a median CD4 count of 206 cells/microliter of blood (IQR: 113-364.5). Within six months of treatment, 59 (86.0%) patients culture converted, of which 45 (65.2%) converted by the second month and the other 14 (20.3%) by the sixth month; one (1.5%) did not culture convert; three (4.4%) died; and six (8.8%) were lost-to-follow up. Fifty (76.8%) patients experienced at least one drug adverse event, while 40 (67.8%) gained weight. Mean weight gained was 4.7 (standard deviation:3.2) kilograms.

Conclusions: Despite MDR-TB treatment initiation delays, most patients had favourable interim treatment outcomes with majority culture converting early and very few getting lost to follow-up. These encouraging interim outcomes indicate a successful scale-up of MDR-TB treatment to RRH.
Identification of a novel mutation in the CACNA1C gene in a Chinese family with autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia
Authors: Chen Jiajun , Sun Yajuan , Liu Xiaoyang , Li Jia
Published: May 2019

Background: Hereditary ataxia is a group of neurodegenerative diseases with progressive cerebellar ataxia of the gait and limbs as the main symptoms. The genetic patterns of the disease are diverse but it is mainly divided into autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia (ADCA) and autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia (ARCA), and about 45 pathogenic loci have been found in ADCA. The purpose of this study was to explore the genetic defect in a Chinese family with ADCA. Methods: A three-generation Chinese family with ADCA was enrolled in this study, Exome sequencing was conducted in four family members, including the proband, and verified by Sanger sequencing. Results: The rs779393130 mutation of the CACNA1C gene co-segregated with the ataxia phenotype in this family. The mutation was not detected in 50 unaffected controls. Conclusions: The rs779393130 mutation of CACNA1C may be associated with the phenotype of the disease. The CACNA1C gene encodes the Cav1.2 (alpha-1) subunit of an L-type calcium channel and this subunit may be related to the ADCA phenotype. These findings may have implications for family clinical monitoring and genetic counseling and may also help in understanding pathogenesis of this disease.
Jakyakgamcho-tang in the Relief of Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness in Healthy Adults: study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design clinical trial
Authors: Han Kyungsun , Kwon Ojin , Jung So-Young , Park In-hwa , Hwang Man-Suk , Park Sun-Young , Hwang Eui-Hyoung , Lee Jun-Hwan
Published: May 2019

Background

Muscle soreness after exercise, or so-called delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), may cause significant changes to muscle function and may increase the risk of sports injuries. Therefore, various therapeutic strategies have been studied to help recovery after exercise. Jakyakgamcho-tang (JGT) is a widely prescribed herbal medicine to treat muscle pain and cramps in traditional Eastern medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of JGT for reducing pain and improving muscle damage after exercise.

Methods

This study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design clinical trial. A total of 30 healthy male adults will be recruited. Subjects who voluntarily wish to participate in this study will be hospitalized for 4 days. On the first day, the subjects will perform a standardized treadmill exercise for 1 hour to induce DOMS. After the exercise, the subjects will take either JGT or a placebo for 3 days. After a more than 1 week wash-out period, the subjects will repeat the same process with the other drug. Pain intensity, calf circumference, and pain threshold will be measured as outcome measures. Blood tests and blood pressure will be measured as safety assessments. In addition, blood tests for muscle damage and inflammation markers, such as creatine kinase, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein will be analyzed.

Discussion

This will be the first trial to assess the effect of JGT on exercise-induced muscle soreness. Our findings will provide valuable data to determine the clinical effects of JGT on DOMS.
High Tunnel Apricot Production in Frost-prone Northern New Mexico
Authors: Yao Shengrui , Guldan Steve , Heyduck Robert
Published: May 2019

Late frost is the number one issue challenging fruit production in northern New Mexico. We had apricot (Prunus armeniaca) trees in an open field planting at Alcalde, NM, and not a single fruit was harvested from 2001 through 2014. Apricot trees in surrounding communities produce sporadic crops. In 2012, we planted apricots in two 16 × 40-ft high tunnels (9.5-ft high point). Trees were trained to a spindle system in one high tunnel and an upright fruiting offshoot (UFO) system in the other, and there were identical plantings in the open field for each high tunnel. Supplemental heating was provided starting at blooming time. There were five cultivars planted in each high tunnel at 4 × 8-ft spacing in a randomized complete block design with two replications (rows) and two trees per cultivar in each plot. In 2015, relatively high yields were obtained from all cultivars. The average yields for the spindle system were (lb/tree): ‘Puget Gold’ (29.0), ‘Harcot’ (24.1), ‘Golden Amber’ (19.6), ‘Chinese Apricot’ (18.6), and ‘Katy’ (16.7). Yields for the UFO system were (lb/tree): ‘Golden Amber’ (18.6), ‘Katy’ (14.9), ‘Puget Gold’ (11.3), ‘Chinese Apricot’ (10.2), and ‘Harcot’ (8.6). On average across all cultivars, the UFO system produced 60% of the yield of the spindle system in 2015. A heating device is necessary for high tunnel apricot fruit production in northern New Mexico because trees normally bloom in early to late March, depending on the year, while frosts can continue until mid-May. In years like 2017 and 2018 with temperatures below 10 °F in late February/early March, some of the expanded flower buds were killed before bloom. On those cold nights, one 100-lb tank of propane may or may not be enough for 1 night’s frost protection. Economically, it would not be feasible in those years. Only in years with a cool spring, late-blooming trees, and mild temperatures in April and May can high tunnel apricot production generate positive revenue with high, direct-market prices. High tunnel apricot production with heating devices is still risky and cannot guarantee a reliable crop in northern New Mexico or similar areas.
Creating a Sense of Belonging for Hispanic Farmers and Farmworkers in Agricultural Programming
Authors: Sánchez Elsa , Gorgo-Gourovitch Maria , Stivers Lee
Published: May 2019

Hispanics residing in the United States are playing a larger role in agriculture. For example, in Pennsylvania, this group comprises the largest increase in new farmers, according to the 2012 Census of Agriculture. Efforts to connect with this population can be improved. Hispanic farmers and farmworkers face access barriers to agricultural programming that need to be addressed to more effectively “reach and teach.” Over a 1-year period, 22 to 25 agricultural educators attended a three-workshop training series focused on increasing knowledge and skills for planning, designing, advertising, and delivering agricultural programs inviting to Hispanic farmers and farmworkers. The workshop series included an expert on the science of inclusion, a specialist in Latino community studies, and several representatives from organizations with long histories of connecting with Hispanic farming audiences. Through guided activities and facilitated discussion, participants developed strategies for creating programming welcoming to the Hispanic farming community. This workshop series was highly rated by participants. After the first workshop, one participant stated that it was the best diversity workshop he had attended in his 22-year career. In a follow-up survey 1 year after the final workshop, the majority of respondents had made efforts to build relationships through agricultural programming for Hispanic farmers and farmworkers. Here, we are providing the methods we employed to serve as a model for others working to connect with this or other underserved or nontraditional farming audiences.
Long‐term Variation in Agricultural Edge‐of‐Field Phosphorus Transport during Snowmelt, Rain, and Mixed Runoff Events
Authors: Hoffman A. R. , Polebitski A. S. , Penn M. R. , Busch D. L.
Published: May 2019

Runoff of nutrients and erosion of soil from agricultural lands affect soil fertility and are important nonpoint contributors of P and N to surface and ground waters, yet studies of edge‐of‐field nutrient transport from snowmelt or rainfall runoff on frozen ground are limited. The objective of this study was to quantify the temporal and spatial variation in edge‐of‐field snowmelt, rain, and mixed (rain on snow) runoff events for sediment and P loadings in five agricultural subwatersheds over a 12‐yr period. Edge‐of‐field runoff events from five subwatersheds at Pioneer Farm near Platteville, WI, ranging in size from approximately 4 to 30 ha were sampled using automated samplers from 2002 through 2014 to determine sediment and P yields (mass loads). Mean dissolved reactive P (DRP) runoff concentrations for each event type (rain = 1.24 mg L−1, snow = 1.90 mg L−1, mix = 2.23 mg L−1) were above total P (TP) water quality guidelines for surface waters. The percentages of TP that was DRP for snow, mixed, and rain events were 74, 84, and 39%, respectively. Although variation in total annual P yield in edge‐of‐field runoff was noted between years and among sites within a given year, when aggregated over the study period, the subwatersheds showed similar transport characteristics with respect to DRP and TP yield. This study highlights the importance of examining long‐term datasets in quantifying annual yields and understanding the timing of DRP and TP transport for developing best management practices and improving model accuracy in cold weather agricultural systems.

Core Ideas

Runoff events were monitored in five agricultural subwatersheds over 12 yr.

Edge‐of‐field total P yield and P transport timing showed interannual variability.

P yields during events were not significantly different among sites.

Snowmelt and mixed precipitation runoff mobilized a higher proportion of soluble P.

Conditions during spring thaw affect rain‐driven P yields in subsequent months.
Correlations between Two Alkali Extractable Amino‐Nitrogen Tests and Response to Organic Fertilizer in Turfgrass Soils
Authors: Moore David B. , Guillard Karl , Geng Xingyuan , Morris Thomas F. , Brinton William F.
Published: May 2019

Core Ideas

There are limited data to determine if the Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test and Solvita Labile Amino Nitrogen test are correlated.

Across a 6‐yr study, Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test and Solvita Labile Amino Nitrogen were significantly and positively correlated.

Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test and Solvita Labile Amino Nitrogen concentrations increased linearly across organic fertilizer rates.

Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test concentrations increased at a greater rate than Solvita Labile Amino Nitrogen concentrations.

The Solvita Labile Amino Nitrogen test may offer an easy and rapid soil analysis to guide N fertilization.

The Illinois soil nitrogen (N) test (ISNT) and the Solvita Labile Amino‐Nitrogen (SLAN) test are chemical analyses that estimate the concentrations of soil labile N. The SLAN uses the same reagent as the ISNT but is a relatively new test with limited field data available. This study was conducted across 6 yr (2008–2013) to determine if concentrations of SLAN–N and ISNT–N are correlated in soils under predominantly Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensisL.) and tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus(Schreb.) Dumort.] lawn turf and to compare the response of SLAN–N and ISNT–N concentrations in relation to varying organic fertilizer rates. Separate randomized complete block field experiments were established in Connecticut on the two species with varying rates of an organic fertilizer to create a wide range of labile soil N concentrations. Soil samples were collected in the spring of each year and analyzed for concentrations of ISNT–N and SLAN–N. For all years and each species, and for pooled years and species, SLAN–N concentrations were positively and significantly (P< 0.05) correlated with ISNT–N concentrations. Correlations were strongest (r> 0.80) at Year 6 of the study. Furthermore, SLAN–N and ISNT–N concentrations increased linearly (P< 0.05) in response to organic fertilizer rate, but the rate of change was greater for ISNT–N. The data suggest that the SLAN test is generally well correlated with the ISNT and may offer an easy and rapid soil analysis to guide N fertilization.
Determining Millimeter‐Scale Maps of Cation Exchange Capacity at Macropore Surfaces in Bt Horizons
Authors: Leue Martin , Beck-Broichsitter Steffen , Felde Vincent J.M.N.L. , Gerke Horst H.
Published: May 2019

Core Ideas

Coatings determine the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of macropore surfaces.

We predicted the millimeter‐scale, 2D spatial distribution of CEC at intact macropores.

The approach combined infrared spectroscopy and CEC measurements of small samples.

The CEC distribution in clay–organic coatings was similar for two different Bt horizons.

During preferential flow in structured soils, solute transport is largely restricted to a complex network of macropores. Clay–organic coatings of macropore surfaces determine soil physicochemical properties relevant for mass transport and carbon and nutrient turnover, such as the cation exchange capacity (CEC). However, due to the lack of an appropriate measurement approach, the small‐scale spatial distributions of the CEC and its quantities are unknown to date. The objective of this work was to develop a method for predicting the millimeter‐ to centimeter‐scale, two‐dimensional spatial distribution of the CEC at intact macropore surfaces. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy was used to analyze bulk soil and separated coating material and for intact macropore surfaces as DRIFT mapping. To determine effective CEC (CECeff), a reduction of soil mass down to 0.5 g for use in the standard barium chloride batch method was tested to account for the limited amount of soil material that can be separated from thin macropore coatings. Linear and partial least squares regression analyses were applied to predict the CECeff distribution at intact macropore surfaces for samples from Luvisol Bt horizons from loess (L) and glacial till (T) using DRIFT spectral data. The highest CECeff values were found for coatings and pinhole fillings rich of clay–organic material (L: 38 cmol kg−1; T: 29 cmol kg−1) compared with low CECeff values of uncoated cracks and earthworm burrows that were similar to those of bulk soil (L: 21 cmol kg−1; T: 14 cmol kg−1). The location of millimeter‐ to centimeter‐sized regions with increased CECeff levels at intact macropore surfaces corresponded with the location of clay–organic coatings. The proposed method allows determining the CEC at macropore surfaces to quantify their effect on nutrient transport by preferential flow as well as on plant nutrient supply in macropores that may serve as preferential growth paths for plant roots.
High-pressure phase stability and elasticity of ammonia hydrate
Authors: Li Xinyang , Shi Weigang , Liu Xiaodi , Mao Zhu
Published: May 2019

Phase stability and elasticity of ammonia hydrate have been studied using Raman spectroscopy and Brillion scattering in diamond-anvil cells up to 53 GPa at 300 K. Here we have established the high-pressure phase diagram of ammonia hydrate in three different compositions, including ammonia monohydrate (AMH, NH3·H2O), dihydrate (ADH, NH3·2H2O), and trihydrate (ATH, NH3·3H2O). In contrast to previous experimental results, our Raman and Brillouin measurements at 300 K have shown that all three ammonia hydrates start to dehydrate at 2.1–2.2 GPa. Dehydration of the ammonia hydrate leads to the formation of single-crystal ice-VII and an increase in the concentration of NH3 in the residual liquid. The residual liquid finally turns into solid ammonia hemihydrate phase II (AHH-II) at 4–4.6 GPa, leading to a 28% jump in the compressional-wave velocity (VP). Considering a 10–15 vol% NH3 in the mantle of ice giants, AHH should thus be the dominant form of NH3 coexisting with H2O-ice in the ice giants. Further Brillouin measurements provide crucial constraints on the VP of AHH and the single-crystal elasticity of ice-VII at high pressures and 300 K. VP of AHH increases smoothly with pressure. No anomalous change in VP of AHH was identified up to 39 GPa, although a solid to solid phase transition was noted to occur at ~18 GPa by Raman measurements. In addition, the elasticity of single-crystal ice-VII, which was the dehydration product of ammonia hydrate, has been determined up to 53 GPa at 300 K. The deviation of C12 from C44 observed at 11.4 and 14.6 GPa could be caused by the hydrogen bond symmetrizations or the ordering of dipole of single-crystal ice-VII. An abnormal softening in the elastic moduli C11, C12, and the adiabatic moduli KS together with stiffening in C44 was observed between 42 and 53 GPa, which should be caused by the transition from ice-VII to its pre-transitional state. Of particular interest is the dramatic increase in the anisotropy of ice-VII with increasing pressure. Combining the sound velocity of AHH and ice-VII, we have modeled the VP of ice giants with a volume ratio of 20% AHH and 80% ice-VII in the mantle. The obtained high-pressure phase diagram and elastic properties of ammonia hydrate could contribute to understanding the structure of the mantle in the ice giants and satellites.
Adventitious roots formation for enhanced and sustainable production of antioxidants in Brassica oleracea var. acephala (Brassicaceae)
Authors: ADİL Muhammad , ABBASİ Bilal Haider
Published: May 2019

Brassica
oleracea
var. acephala is listed as the healthiest vegetable due to its high
valued secondary metabolites content and antioxidant potential. This study was
conducted to establish adventitious roots (ARs) culture as an alternative and
feasible production of antioxidant secondary metabolites. ARs were induced from
cotyledon explants in commercially available Murashige and Skoog (MS) plant
nutrient media, gelled with 0.8% phyto-agar and supplemented with different
concentration (0.1 ̶ 1.5 mg·L-1) of auxins (α-Naphthalene acetic acid; NAA, or
Indole acetic acid; IAA, or Indole-3-butyric acid; IBA). AR formation responses
in MS media at varying concentrations (0 ̶ 50 g·L-1) of sucrose and initial
media pH (4, 5.0, 5.8, 7 & 8) were also studied. The bioprocessing of ARs
were studied in liquid MS media containing NAA (1.5 mg·L-1) as growth
regulator. The growth curve, important antioxidants (phenols & flavonoids),
and free radical scavenging potential of ARs were studied for a period of
9-weeks. The ARs at stationary phase (7-week) attained highest accumulation of
phenols and flavonoids, which ultimately showed the highest reactive species
scavenging potential. This study provides the base for production of B.
oleraceae var. acephala secondary metabolites on large scale to
strengthen the bio-based economy of developing world.
La corregulación como sistema de control de las comunicaciones comerciales: ejemplos y límites
Authors: Álvarez Rubio Julio
Published: May 2019

El trabajo trata sobre la pujanza en España de la corregulación como sistema de prevención y resolución de conflictos en el ámbito publicitario. Se analizan varios supuestos que confirman el éxito de semejante fórmula en diferentes ámbitos y, al mismo tiempo, se observa cómo, en algunos sectores donde el bien jurídico protegido es distinto del mero interés económico de los afectados, resulta conveniente limitar el alcance de la corregulación. A este respecto, se estudia el control de las comunicaciones comerciales dirigidas al público menor de edad en el ámbito de la alimentación, como ejemplo paradigmático de cómo la protección de la salud y la prevención de la obesidad infantil han de exigir una decidida acción legal.
La responsabilidad social empresarial en la relación comunidades campesinas y empresas mineras
Authors: Medrano Sánchez María Isabel , Masías Vidal José Luis , Obeso Cuadra Jessica Karina , Morón Paredes Geraldo , Moreano Márquez Wendy Lidia , García Segovia María Eugenia , Coveñas Lalupu José
Published: May 2019

El artículo pretende hacer una aproximación a la responsabilidad social empresarial desde el enfoqueempresas mineras versus el entorno que las rodea, como eje estratégico para alcanzar una línea de negociosocial y ambientalmente sostenible. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar las prácticasde responsabilidad social empresarial gestionadas por la actividad minera formal, analizándolas desdesu dimensión ambiental y económica a fin de identificar qué criterios o acciones de responsabilidadsocial faltan fortalecer y si se evidencian fallas o desviaciones en el cumplimiento de normas y políticaspor parte de los titulares mineros en relación con el cuidado del medio ambiente y el desarrolloeconómico local. Se analizan los alcances de la (i) responsabilidad social y de (ii) la industria minera,para comprender necesidades y requerimientos de las comunidades y poblaciones en esta relación.Se recomienda involucrar a las empresas mineras y a la comunidad en alianzas estratégicas con unavisión de desarrollo sostenido, donde ambos ganen, considerando que este vínculo debe generar valor,más allá de la vida misma de la operación minera. Bajo este orden de ideas, es necesario conocerla trayectoria y perspectiva de las comunidades, sus ejes económicos, su convivencia con la actividadminera, sus estrategias sociales para conseguir el desarrollo local en base a sus actividades económicas,considerando la ecuación: minería - economía - entorno social - medio ambiente.
Las teorías de aprendizaje y su evolución adecuada a la necesidad de la conectividad
Authors: Medina Uribe Jury Carla , Calla Colana Godofredo Jorge , Romero Sánchez Phill Arnold
Published: May 2019

El presente artículo nos permite observar la evolución de las teorías educativas referente a las nuevas necesidades de enseñanza aprendizaje y reflexionar sobre cómo conseguir el tan ansiado proceso de aprendizaje y la adquisición del conocimiento dentro de una apreciación critica del individuo, el cual ha ido cambiando al corriente de la evolución de las sociedades en el proceso de evolución de la tecnología, que surge a través de un nuevo concepto, el de la conectividad, que a su vez se ha integrado en todos los ámbitos educativos, sociales, ecológicos e inclusive de infraestructura de las sociedades modernas. Se llega a la siguiente conclusión entre otras: la conectividad se ha integrado en la educación como parte fundamental de una educación en todos los ámbitos educativos, sociales, ecológicos e inclusive de infraestructura de la sociedad moderna.
Evaluation of innovative technology market potential on the basis of technology audit
Authors: Kosenko Oleksandra , Cherepanova Victoriia , Dolyna Iryna , Matrosova Viktoriia , Kolotiuk Olena
Published: May 2019

Enterprise innovation activity supposes coordinated technical and business processes of decision-making and its performance required for successful transformation of new product or service from concept to market. The purpose of this study is to develop valuation methods of innovative technology market potential and prospects of their introduction into the production enterprise activity. In order to achieve this goal, we used brand new evaluation tool, this is technology audit conception, application of which increased significantly the accuracy and reliability of technology market potential evaluation. Clarification of terminological essence of technological audit allowed the authors to discover the content of technology audit components required for the market research and thereupon to develop evaluation mechanism for innovative technology market potential using technology audit. This mechanism is built on structure evaluation table of technology market potential level detection as an object of commercialization. To ensure the efficiency of practical effect of the mechanism proposed, the authors systematized and completed methods of functional analysis and scanning of market environment for the purpose of qualitative comprehensive evaluation and innovative technology market potential forecasting.Introduction of the proposed evaluation method for technology market potential will result in the improvement of efficiency of enterprise innovation activity due to more rational distribution of available resources and immediate financing of developments with greater market potential.
ANÁLISE TOPOLÓGICA DE DADOS PARA CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE PERIODICIDADE EM SÉRIES TEMPORAIS DE DADOS PLUVIOMÉTRICOS
Authors: Santos Marcella Feitosa , Oliveira Wilson Rosa , Amorim Marcelo , Stosic Tatjana
Published: May 2019

O presente trabalho traz a aplicação de métodos desenvolvidos na Análise Topológica de Dados e propõe uma nova abordagem para classificar séries temporais contendo dados de precipitação. Especificamente aplicamos o método "Sliding Windows Embeddings" e "Maximum Persistence", que combina topologia persistente e mergulhos de janelas móveis para caracterizar e criar um ranking da periodicidade de séries temporais. Comparamos os resultados obtidos com os resultados da aplicação do método Sample Entropy, que mede a taxa de geração de novas informações examinando séries temporais. Quando a entropia é alta dizemos que o fenômeno é de alta complexidade, isto é, trata-se de uma difícil predição. É esperado que em séries com alta entropia tenhamos menor periodicidade e foi exatamente o que encontramos, pudemos caracterizar através do "Score"' quais séries, e portanto regiões do estado de Pernambuco, tem regime de chuva menos periódico, coincidindo com regime de menor complexidade.
UMA COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE O MÉTODO DE VOLUMES FINITOS E A TÉCNICA DA TRANSFORMADA INTEGRAL GENERALIZADA PARA A SOLUÇÃO DE UMA EQUAÇÃO DE DIFUSÃO BIDIMENSIONAL
Authors: Vasconcellos Joao Flávio Moraes , Knupp Diego Campos , Marinho Gisele Moraes
Published: May 2019

Neste trabalho são consideradas soluções aproximadas para a equação de difusão anômala com distribuição de fluxo bimodal bidimensional obtidas através do Método de Volumes Finitos e da Técnica da Transformada Integral Generalizada. Os resultados são comparados às respectivas soluções analíticas e demonstram a boa convergência dos métodos para os casos analisados.
PREDICTION OF OCCURRENCE OF CLOUD-TO-GROUND ELECTRICAL DISCHARGES USING FORECASTS OF THE BRAMS NUMERICAL MODEL
Authors: Fernandes Alex de Almeida , De Lima Glauston Roberto Teixeira , Stephany Stephan , Calheiros Alan James Peixoto
Published: May 2019

The prediction of occurrence of severe convective events allows to issue meteorological alerts in order to reduce potential catastrophic events. In many cases, numerical models for weather forecast are not able to efficiently simulate such events. Alternatively, considering the large amount and diversity of meteorological data, the employment of Data Mining techniques has become widespread. In the case of convective activity, the use of past data allows to identify characteristic patterns in the model forecasts by associating them to the corresponding field of density of occurrence of cloud-to-ground atmospheric electrical discharges. Such task is performed by a machine learning algorithm, in this case, a set of neural networks. As a consequence, these patterns can be detected in future forecasts generated by the numerical model, allowing to predict the occurrence of discharges, which are associated to convective activity. In the current work, the proposed approach was applied to BRAMS, a numerical model developed in the country for operational and research use in Meteorology. Consequently, the ability to predict the occurrence of discharges by the set of neural networks was analysed for some selected events as well as its usefulness as an ancillary tool in operational weather forecast.
APLICAÇÃO DO MÉTODO AHP PARA ESCOLHA DE LINGUAGEM PARA MODELAGEM DE PROCESSOS DE NEGÓCIO
Authors: Terra Isabela Cristina Teles , De Vasconcelos Aline Pires Vieira , Da Hora Henrique Rego Monteiro , Junior Milton Erthal
Published: May 2019

A correta escolha de uma linguagem de modelagem de processos pode impactor positivamente uma organização. O presente trabalho apresenta a utilização do método AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) com o objetivo de auxiliar na escolha de uma linguagem de modelagem de negócios entre as seguintes alternativas: Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN), Unified Modeling Language (UML) e Event-driven Process Chain (EPC). A modelagem contemplou os critérios expressividade, legibilidade, usabilidade, atratividade, formalidade e universalidade e a consulta a um especialista que realizou os julgamentos. A linguagem de modelagem de processos BPMN foi sugerida como melhor opção pelo método AHP, superando as outras linguagens em todos os critérios analisados.
SIMULAÇÃO E OTIMIZAÇÃO DO PROCESSO DE PIRÓLISE DE BIOMASSAS
Authors: Correa Isabela Barreto , Santos Lizandro de Sousa
Published: May 2019

Este trabalho consiste na implementação computacional, por meio da utilização do software científico Scilab, do modelo cinético de pirólise rápida da biomassa. O mecanismo reacional proposto corresponde a um sistema simplificado onde a biomassa é representada como um componente único e não se leva em consideração a composição das fases líquida (bio-óleo), sólida (carvão) e gasosa formadas. O modelo desenvolvido origina um sistema de equações diferenciais ordinárias resolvidas por um método do tipo Runge-Kutta. Os resultados possibilitaram avaliar o comportamento da pirólise rápida da biomassa, retratando, por meio da plotagem de gráficos, o modo como as frações mássicas das fases produzidas variam em função da temperatura e do tempo de residência. Também realizou-se a otimização do processo da pirólise, ao se utilizar uma função disponível na biblioteca do Scilab denominada de “fminsearch”, que consiste na implementação do método Simplex-Nelder-Mead. Obteve-se as temperaturas ótimas para formação do bio-óleo, principal produto de interesse, em tempos usualmente utilizados de 2,5 s; 5 s; 7,5 s e 10 s, no caso da madeira e um tempo de 2,5 s quando utilizado palha como biomassa. Para a madeira, foi possível observar um decrescimento dessa temperatura ótima e crescimento da fração mássica de bio-óleo correspondente à medida em que o tempo aumenta .