bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Product Claims on Natural Cosmetics Packages
Authors: Kozik Natalia
Published: October 2024

Cosmetics package is not only a promotional element, but also part of a company’s marketing strategy. It is not only intended to protect the product, but its aim is also the communication of information to the consumer, because clear and understandable labelling of cosmetics is very important for their correct and safe use. This applies not only to obligatory information, but also to product claims, which manufacturers are keen to include on packages and in which there is growing interest among consumers. Unfortunately, a lot of abuse of product claims can be observed in the natural cosmetics industry. The aim of this article was to present the legal requirements for product claims and to assess these labels in terms of their content and the irregularities that occur. The research material consisted of 51 packages of natural shower gels. The methodology developed by Fowler, Reisenwitz and Carlson (2015), was used to assess the types of claims. The analysis identified 393 product claims, most of which, 155, were scientific claims. Unfortunately, there were irregularities in 186 of the identified claims, which mainly related to the lack of presentation of evidence to support the claims made.
The Relevance of the Cross-Border-Student Mobility along the Hungarian-Romanian Border Region
Authors: SZILÁGYI Ferenc , APÁTI Norbert , PÁSZTOR Rita-Gizella , IZSÁK Hajnalka
Published: October 2024

The settlements inhabited by the Hungarian minority in Romania have mixed (with Hungarian and Romanian language) and partly segregated (Hungarian) school network. After the Romanian integration to the European Union and the simplification of border crossing, the Hungarian minority along the Hungarian-Romanian border, a new process appeared: the cross-border commuting of university and secondary school students the two-step migration. This process fills some of the demographic deficit in the Hungarian education network, but, at the same time it is creating hiatus in the Hungarian school network in Romania. This process has a negative effect on the sustainability of minority institutions in the short term, and in the medium term it has a negative effect on the available human resources and limits the development opportunities of the local economy. Over the past four years, we have followed the process of choosing a high school with the help of quantitative and qualitative studies. The results are suitable for exploring the significance and proportion of the process of cross-border two-step migration.
LEGAL ISSUES OF THE USE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN CENTRAL ASIA
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Sadikova Dilafruz
Published: October 2024

The article analyzes the legal framework for the use of renewable energy sources using the examples of Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Turkmenistan. Also, as a result of the reforms carried out in neighboring countries, the legislative acts adopted in the process of the phased transition to an environmentally safe, green economy in the region were characterized, and the current results of their implementation in practice were described. It was emphasized that achieving energy efficiency and independence plays an important role in the socio-economic development of countries, focusing on the analysis of adopted laws and by-laws and prospective plans for the creation, storage, and supply of renewable energy sources to consumers. Taking into account that the possibilities of natural resources of each region are different, the geographical location of these countries, natural resource reserves, and possibilities of creating mainly alternative energy sources were highlighted. The author, describing internal and external opportunities of our region using reports published by international organizations, studied the base of regulatory documents on the industry of each state. She compared and analyzed the laws and roadmaps adopted by the countries regarding national and international cooperation using empirical, theoretical, and comparative methods and gave her opinions and suggestions.
ISSUES OF SUBSIDIARY LIABILITY IN THE CIVIL LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Khursanov Rustam
Published: October 2024

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the concept of subsidiary liability and its significance in legal systems. Subsidiary liability mainly ensures the creditor’s ability to address an additional liable person if the primary debtor fails to fulfill their obligations. This mechanism is aimed at protecting the rights of the creditor and ensuring fairness between the debtors. The article provides a detailed description of the legal foundations of subsidiary liability, its emergence and development, as well as its specific features in various legal systems. The Civil Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan clearly defines the legal basis of subsidiary liability and specifies the procedure for lodging a claim by the creditor against the main debtor. The article analyzes the role and significance of subsidiary liability in regulating relations between creditors and debtors. The international experience of subsidiary liability and the significance of this mechanism on a global scale were also studied by comparing it with legal systems in different countries. Detailed information is provided on how subsidiary liability is applied in various legal systems and legal practices in this regard. The role of subsidiary liability in the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan and its practical application are also discussed
EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN MEDIA PAPAN CERDAS INSPIRASI TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN KONSEP NORMA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS 4 SD NEGERI TAWANG MAS 01
Authors: WATI SRI , PRAMASDYAHSARI AGNITA SISKA , SUSILOWATI ANIS , RAHMAWATI NOVIANA DINI
Published: October 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of the use of smart inspiration board learning media (PANDASI) on the understanding of the concept of norms of grade IV students. This study was conducted at SD Negeri Tawang Mas 01, with a quantitative research type using an experimental method in the form of one group pretest-posttest design. The sampling technique used in this study was the saturated sampling technique, with a population of grade IV students of 23 students consisting of 10 male students and 13 female students. The average pretest score reached 45.09. While the average posttest score reached 76.22. The results of the Shapiro-Wilk normality test that the analysis of the pretest and posttest data above obtained results showing sig> 0.05 with pretest data 0.119> 0.05 while posttest data 0.175> 0.05 at a significance level of 0.05 and N = 25, then H? is accepted. Based on the calculation of the Paired Sample T-Test analysis, the significant value (2-tailed) is 0.000 <0.05 so that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. Thus, it can be concluded that there is a difference in the average value before the implementation of the learning model using the smart inspiration board media (PANDASI) on students' understanding of concepts.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan unttuk mengetahui pengaruh peggunaan media pembelajaran papan cerdas isnpirasi (PANDASI) terhadap pemahaman konsep norma peserta didik kelas IV. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SD Negeri Tawang Mas 01, dengan jenis penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan matode eksperimen berupa one group pretest-posttest design. Teknik pengambilan sampling yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yakni tehnik sampling jenuh, dengan jumlah populasi siswa kelas IV adalah 23 siswa yang terdiri dari 10 siswa laki-laki dan 13 siswa perempuan. Rata-rata nilai pretest adalah mencapai 45.09. Sedangkan rata-rata nilai posttest adalah mencapai 76.22. Hasil uji normalitas Shapiro-Wilk bahwa analisis data pretest dan posttest diatas memperoleh hasil menunjukan sig > 0.05 dengan data pretest 0.119  > 0.05 sedangkan data posttest 0.175 > 0.05 pada taraf  signifikan 0.05 dan N = 25, maka H? diterima. Berdasarkan perhitungan analisis Uji Paired Sample T-Test diperoleh nilai signifikan (2-tailed) adalah 0.000 < 0.05 sehingga Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan nilai rata-rata sebelum diterapkannya model pembelajaran menggunakan media papan cerdas inspirasi (PANDASI) terhadap pemahaman konsep peserta didik.
МҰРАЖАЙЛАРДЫҢ МЕКТЕП ОҚУШЫЛАРЫН ТАРИХИ САНАҒА ТӘРБИЕЛЕУДЕГІ ҚЫЗМЕТІНІҢ ЕРЕКШЕЛІКТЕРІ: ТҮРКІСТАН ОБЛЫСЫ МЫСАЛЫНДА
Authors: Маханов Н.И. , Нартбаев Ш.Ж. , Исенгалиева Ж.М.
Published: October 2024

Мақаланың мақсаты –бұл зерттеу жұмысының негізгі мақсаты мұражайлардың өскелең ұрпақтың рухани тәрбиесіндегі ағартушылық қызметіне баға беру болып табылады. Еліміздегі мұражайлардың басым шоғырланған аймақтарының бірі Түркістан облысы екендігі сөзсіз. Мақаланың мақсаттарының бірі Түркістан облысындағы мұражайлардың жастарды тарихи санаға тәрбиелеудегі рөлін ғылыми айқындауға арналған. Қазіргі таңда мұражайлар тек тарихи жәдігерлер мен құнды ескерткіштерді сақтап қоятын ғана орын емес қоғамды рухани тәрбиеге шақыратын орталық та болып саналады. Бұны батыс елдерінің тәжірбиесі жан-жақты көрсетуде.Зерттеу жұмысының міндеттерінің бірі мұражайлардың қоғамдық және мемлекеттік органдармен байланыстарының әлеуметтік-мәдени аспектілерін ашу болып табылады. Әсіресе, мұражайлардың білім мекемелерімен қарым-қатынастарының нәтижелерін талдау және баға беру маңызғаие. Бұл тұрғыда мұражайлардың жастардың қызығушылығын оята білетін технологиялармен жабдықталуына мән берілді. Зерттеу жұмысының өзектілігі мемлекеттің болашағы жастардың тарихи-мәдени санасының деңгейін зерттеумен өлшенеді. Жаһандық даму заңдылығында мектеп оқушыларының әлеуметтік желілер арқылы түрлі моралдық-психологиялық қысымдарға ұшырап жататандығы белгілі. Оның алдын-алу және күресу тарихи-мәдени сананы жаңғырту негізінде іске асатындығын белді ғалымдар ұсынып отыр. Осыған орай, бұл зерттеу жұмысында мұражайлардың қоғамдық тарихи сананы ояту мен ілгерілетудегі өзектілігіне жан-жақты пайымдар айқындалған.Зерттеудің нәтижесінд мұражайлардың жастармен тікелей қатынастарының мәні мен салдарларына көз жүгірте аламыз. Осы бағытта статистикалық мәліметтерге жүгініп, оның өсу көрсеткіштерін талқылауға талпыныстар жасалынды.
ТАУҚЫМЕТТІ ТАҒДЫРЛАР
Authors: Нұрымбетова Г.Р.
Published: October 2024

Мақалада автор Қазақстанда ХХ ғасырдың 30-50 жылдарында орын алған саяси қуғын-сүргін тарихын нақты фактілер мен мысалдар негізінде пайымдаған. Сол кездегі заңсыздық пен озбырлық талай қазақ зиялыларының өмірін қиды. Сол бір қасіретті жылдарда күштік құрылымдар мен сот жүйесі шындыққа тікелей қараудан мүлде алшақтағанын құжаттар негізінде ашқан. Әйтпесе, бір аптада жүздеген, бір айда мыңдаған «халық жауларын», алашордашыларды, шетел тыңшыларын т. б. әшкерелеу мүмкін емес қой. Советтер елінің әлеуметтік негізін жұмысшы табы мен колхозшы шаруалар одағы құрайтынын әлемге жариялаған тоталитарлық билік ең ауыр жазаны тап сол қарапайым еңбек адамдарына қарсы қолданды. Оның шектен шыққан екі түрін айтуымыз да, айыптауымыз да керек. Бірі –тұтас әулетті қуғын-сүргінге ұшырату, екіншісі –«халық жауының» отбасын ойрандау. Мақала мақсаты –бүкіл қоғамның, жекелеген әулеттердің, нақты адамдардың, соның ішінде әйелдер мен балалардың қасіретін құжаттар негізінде ашу. Автор, соның ішінде, Жүргенов, Қалменов, Бірімжанов әулеттеріне жасалған қиянатты талдай отырып, саяси қуғын-сүргін жоспарлы түрде жүрген деген қорытынды жасайды. Ол тоталитаризм табиғатынан, оның қылмыстық идеологиясынан туындаған еді.
МҮМКІНДІГІ ШЕКТЕУЛІ ЖАНДАРДЫ ЖҰМЫСҚА ҚАМТУДЫҢ ЖАҢА КЕЗЕҢІ
Authors: Тасыбеков А.Е
Published: October 2024

Жаһандану үрдісі қоғам қарым-қатынастарында өзгерістер туғызуы заңды құбылыс. Қоғамдағы әлсіз топтарды қолдау әр мемлекеттің міндеті болғандықтан, құқықтық мәселелерде реттеліп отырады. Мақалада мүмкіндігі шектеулі жандарды еңбекпен қамтудың жаңа бағыттарығылыми негізде және өндіріс орындарындағы мүмкіндіктерімен қоса қаралады. Мүмкіндігі шектеулі жандарды еңбекпен қамтуды ұйымдастыру жан-жақты үйлесімді қамтылуымен маңызды. Жұмыс берушінің мүмкіндігі шектеуі жандарды жұмыспен қамтудағы міндеттерінің нормативтері мен келісім шарт талаптарымен сәйкестігі құжаттармен берілген. Ғылыми-теориялық зерттеулер мен әлеуметтік зерттеулер қолданысы әдістері мүгедектердің жұмыс-пен қамтылған топтарын қарастыру ерекшеліктері жаңа сипат пен бағыттармен болу қажеттіліктерімен жаңа кезеңнің сұраныстарында. Мүмкіндігі шектеулі жандарды жұмыспен қамту бағдарламасының әлеуметтік-экономикалық құры-лымдағы орнын анықтай отырып, теориялық негіздерге сүйене, шетел ғалымдарының еңбектері, техно-логиялық құрылымдармен, қоғамдық қатынастардың ерекшеліктеріндегі адам факторының маңыздылы-ғындаіске асыру жолдарын көрсете, заңнамалық тұрғыдан еңбек бөлінісіндегі мүмкіндігі шектеулі жан-дардың құқықтық мәселелерімен қоса қамтылған. Азаматтық қоғамдағы адам мәселесі, заманауи адами құндылықтармен теңдік пен еркін даму, саяси мәдениет, жеке адам дамуына қоғамдағы қамқорлық пен мейірімділіктің жалпыға бірдей қатынастардағы, яғни ортадағы қалыптасуымен маңыздылығы көрсетіледі.
REMIÇÃO DA PENA E SEUS BENEFÍCIOS
Authors: Rocha Gabriela Vieira , Feller Thiago de Almeida
Published: October 2024

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo apresentar o instituto da remição de pena, previsto na Lei de Execuções Penais (Lei nº 7210/84) e na Resolução nº391/2021 do CNJ, com o objetivo de explicitar os benefícios, por meio de pesquisas bibliográficas, que este meio de reintegração social pode trazer para a sociedade, afastando índices de reincidência e ampliando o percentual de ressocialização. Assim, foram utilizadas bibliografias e reportagens que narraram a vida de ex-detentos que se afastaram da criminalidade, pois enquanto no sistema, tiveram acesso a oportunidades de ocupações lícitas. Por fim, tem-se como resultado almejado que este projeto consiga demonstrar aos leitores a magnitude do tema ora abordado, de modo que contribua para a mitigação do preconceito que envolve a remição de pena.
Penyelesaian Klaim Asuransi Jiwa Bagi Relawan KemanusiaanPalang Merah Indonesia
Authors: Ferryani Krisnawati  , Eti Mul Erowati  , Prosawita Ririh Kusumasari
Published: October 2024

Abstrak tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahuipenyelesaian klaim yang terjadi di PT Asuransi Umum Bumiputera MudaCabang Purwokerto ditinjau dari Pasal 31 ayat 3, 4 dan 5 UndangUndang Nomor 40 Tahun 2014 tentang Perasuransian. Untuk mencapaitujuan tersebut penulis menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridisempiris; spesifikasi penelitian adalah bersifat deskriptif ; metodepenyajian data disajikan dalam bentuk uraian-uraian yang disusunsecara sistematis. Kesimpulan ; PT Asuransi Umum Bumiputera MudaCabang Purwokerto dalam melakukan penyelesain klaim bagi relawanPMI Kabupaten Purbalingga mendasarkan pada Pasar 31 ayat 3, 4 dan 5Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2014 tentang Perasuransian danketentuan yang berlaku. Jika terjadi perselisihan antara penanggungdengan tertanggung dilakukan musyawarah terlebih dahulu, jika tidakmencapai kesepakatan dilakukan di luar pengadilan melalui BMAI(Badan Mediasi dan arbritase Asuransi Indonesia) dan LAPS (LembagaAlternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa) atau melalui pengadilan
Konflik Perbatasan Indonesia Dengan Vietnam DiPerairan Zona Ekonomi Ekslusif Indonesia
Authors: Doni Adi Supriyo  , Rusito
Published: October 2024

Perbatasan laut antara Indonesia dan Vietnam merupakanperbatasan maritim yang terletak di Laut Cina Selatan. Hingga saat initerdapat beberapa permasalahan yang terjadi khususnya di zona ekonomieksklusif antara Indonesia dengan Vietnam yang masih belumdiselesaikan secara tuntas. Zona ekonomi eksklusif merupakan suatudaerah diluar dan berdampingan dengan laut territorial yang tunduk padarezim hukum khusus hukum laut internasional. Berdasarkan prinsipperdamaian dan keamanan internasional, ada beberapa upaya-upayayang ditunjukan untuk menciptakan hubungan yang baik antarnegaradalam penyelesaian sengketa yang terjadi. Prinsip yang dimaksud dalammenyelesaikan sengketa internasional adalah memberikan cara kepadapara pihak yang untuk bersengketa dapat menyelesaiakan sengketanyaberdasarkan hukum internasional. Ada dua cara penyelesaian yangdikenal dalam hukum internasioanal, yaitu secara damai dan secaraperang. Prosedur penyelesaian sengketa bagi negara yang salingberhubungan dengan wilayah kelautan antarnegara dapat dilihat padaPasal 287 UNCLOS 1982 yang mengatur tentang alternatif dan prosedurpenyelesaian sengketa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif yangmeneliti sumber-sumber terkait dengan permasalahan yang dibahas.Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa dalam menyelesaikan sengketayang terjadi di antara Indonesia dan Vietnam mengenai perbatasan lautdiperairan Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif dapat diselesaikan dengan berbagaimacam alternatif penyelesaian sengketa sebagaimana yang dijelaskandalam kerangka UNCLOS 1982 yaitu, a) Penyelesaian sengketa secaradamai, b) Penyelesaian sengketa dengan prosedur wajib. Setiap Negaradiberikan kebebasan untuk memilih alternative yang akan digunakandalam menyelesaiakan sengketa yang sedang dihadapiapa yangdiinginkan oleh kedua belah pihak, baik menempuh jalur maupun jalurnon litigasi sebagaimana yang diatur dalam Pasal 280 UNCLOS 1982.
Using open-path dual-comb spectroscopy to monitor methane emissions from simulated grazing cattle
Authors: Weerasekara Chinthaka , Morris Lindsay C. , Malarich Nathan A. , Giorgetta Fabrizio R. , Herman Daniel I. , Cossel Kevin C. , Newbury Nathan R. , Owensby Clenton E. , Welch Stephen M. , Blaga Cosmin , DePaola Brett D. , Coddington Ian , Washburn Brian R. , Santos Eduardo A.
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Accurate whole-farm or herd-level measurements of livestock methane emissions are necessary for anthropogenic greenhouse gas inventories and to evaluate mitigation strategies. A controlled methane (CH4) release experiment was performed to determine if dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) can detect CH4 concentration enhancements produced by a typical herd of beef cattle in an extensive grazing system. Open-path DCS was used to measure downwind and upwind CH4 concentrations from 10 point sources of methane simulating cattle emissions. The CH4 mole fractions and wind velocity data were used to calculate CH4 flux using an inverse dispersion model, and the simulated fluxes were then compared to the actual CH4 release rate. For a source located 60 m from the downwind path, the DCS system detected 10 nmol mol−1 CH4 horizontal concentration gradient above the atmospheric background concentration with a precision of 6 nmol mol−1 in 15 min interval. A CH4 release of 3970 g d−1 was performed, resulting in an average concentration enhancement of 24 nmol mol−1 of CH4. The calculated CH4 flux was 4002 g d−1, showing good agreement with the actual CH4 release rate. Periodically altering the downwind path, which may be needed to track moving cattle, did not adversely affect the ability of the instruments to determine the CH4 flux. These results give us confidence that CH4 flux can be determined by grazing cattle with low disturbance and direct field-scale measurements.
Breakdowns, (Un-)Sichtbarkeiten und glitches. Kritische Geographien der Resilienz digitaler Infrastrukturen
Authors: Michel Boris , Dammann Finn
Published: October 2024

Abstract. This paper draws on current discussions in digital geography that emphasize the political and theoretical role of glitches. While we sympathize with the basic assumptions of this discussion and also find it helpful to connect these to older discussions around digital infrastructures, we propose an opposing perspective with this text. Using the example of Internet infrastructures, we focus on the continuous and painstaking work of making infrastructures invisible and preventing glitches. We are particularly interested in the production of resilience and focus from a geographical perspective on the rationalities of redundancy and addressing latency.
An Integrated Approach for Development of a Decision Support System for Early Surveillance of Japanese Encephalitis: a Remote Sensing-based study in Conjunction with Epidemiological Scenario in Assam, India
Authors: Handique Bijoy Krishna , Khan Siraj Ahmed , Sarma Kamini Kanta , Chakraborty Kasturi , Goswami Jonali , Shah Anisha , Aggarwal Shiv Prasad
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Japanese Encephalitis (JE) is one of the serious mosquito borne viral diseases mostly prevalent in India and many of the South Asian countries. A comprehensive study was conducted in Dibrugarh, a JE endemic district of Assam taking into the account of the environmental and social factors that determine the outbreak of the disease. Effect of environmental and climatic factors on mosquito vector densities was investigated using geospatial tools and techniques. Wetlands were found to be the most preferred habitat type for most of the JE-transmitting mosquitoes followed by paddy-growing areas and ponds. The villages abundant with these habitats or located nearby were found to be more vulnerable to JE risk. Based on the spatial distribution of habitat types, villages in the district were divided into three categories of vector abundance and hence the risk of JE. It is found that rainfall (intensity as well as duration) is the most significant determinant in the modulation of mosquito density followed by temperature. It is also observed that the derived models could explain about 61% to 73% variation in mosquito density due to change in weather variables as indicated by R2 values of the Models. Among socio-economic determinants, pig rearing habit of the villagers was found to be most significant. JE risk map was prepared by integrating vector abundance map with the map of host abundance in GIS domain. Attempts were also made to forecast the intensity of JE cases based on a time series analysis of historical morbidity pattern, whereas forecast for onset of the disease was based on the modulation of weather variables in the study area. A web-based decision support system (DSS) developed by integrating the forecasts of JE onset, intensity and JE prone villages has been provided to the concerned health authorities to take timely intervention measures. The JE early warning system developed for Dibrugarh district was extended to two more JE prone districts viz, Sibsagar and Tinsukia as validation sites and observed that the accuracy of forecast was within the range of 69% to 77%. DSS on JE has opened up new opportunities to study similar vector-borne diseases of the JE serogroup viz., West Nile.
Analysis of Cement properties using Hyperspectral Remote Sensing methods
Authors: Ahmed Ishtiaq , Sharma Umesh Kumar , Garg Pradeep Kumar , Thakur Aditya Kumar
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Understanding building material properties can play a key role in analyzing the health of structural elements in buildings. However, the field and laboratory tests can be laborious, time-consuming, and cost-intensive. Generally, the standard tests employed for characterizing the material properties are destructive in nature, but in the recent past, non-destructive testing (NDT) has given us the ease of understanding the material properties. Hyperspectral remote sensing technology has been exploited as one of the NDT methods for assessing the properties of building components. This study aims to investigate the quality information about cement using the hyperspectral remote sensing method and correlate it with the results of traditional quality testing methods. The materials used in the experiments included Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC), and White Portland Cement (WPC). The cement samples were studied and experimented with for the identification of their types, and their temporal variability and changes in their spectral properties on which the strength of the samples depended were further checked. The study concluded that for OPC, PPC, and WPC, the absorption range is 1970 nm to 2020 nm, which is mainly due to the presence of different chemical compounds in cement. Also, the spectral reflectance decreases with time, and it can be concluded that in the present work, the strength of cement decreases with the decrease in spectral reflectance. Hence, Cement properties can be found using hyperspectral remote sensing data.
On-orbit Moving Target Detection Method Based on Dual Images from Taijing-IV 01 Satellite
Authors: Li Wei , Yang Cankun , Li Xiaojuan , Yin Lianwang , Cheng Meizhi
Published: October 2024

Abstract. With the evolution of satellite video technology, the domain has garnered increasing attention. Concurrently, advancements in deep learning have yielded numerous outcomes in target detection. This paper introduces a novel method for detecting moving targets, offering a broader detection range compared to traditional satellite video techniques, facilitating orbital target recognition from dual panchromatic image strips. Our experimental setup on the Taijing-IV 01 satellite, launched on February 27, 2022, successfully acquired two image strips separated by one second. These strips contain speed and directional information of moving objects, extractable through the frame differencing technique. We propose combining frame differencing with lightweight deep learning for target detection, extracting regions of interest (ROIs) to focus on areas with potential moving targets. This approach reduces the workload of wholeimage target detection, decreasing data processing volume by 89%. By optimizing the YOLOv8 network and using techniques like feature map fusion of low-level and high-resolution features, we enhance sensitivity to small targets. Consequently, the model size is reduced by 79%, the mean Average Precision (mAP) increases by approximately 1.8% and 4.5%, and detection speed rises by 26%. This method introduces a new paradigm in remote sensing data services, facilitating rapid acquisition and real-time transmission of positions and image information of moving targets to the ground. This significantly reduces bandwidth requirements for transmitting remote sensing information, presenting a novel strategy for data acquisition and processing in large-scale Earth observation systems and geoscientific applications.
Contradiction Hidden in Values of Urban Raster Data
Authors: Osaragi Toshihiro , Aoki Yoshitsugu
Published: October 2024

Abstract. This paper discusses that raster data identified by the independent largest fraction method may include both manifest and hidden contradictions, and describes the underlying mechanisms of contradictions. Using the examples of zones of land use and floor-area ratio, we demonstrate that the cells including more than three different zone category combinations might be identified with a non-existing combination of the zone categories. For the zones in which the ratio of contradictory cells is comparatively large, this problem can be quite significant. We model, therefore, the probability of contradictory identification using the adjacency relationship of different categories, and demonstrate the good fitness of the model using actual urban raster data. The results reveal that there can be a significant proportion of hidden contradictions.
Generating Long-term GRACE-like Total Water Storage Change Products using Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Wang Jielong , Shen Yunzhong , Awange Joseph
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Since 2002, the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) and its Follow-On (GRACE-FO, hereafter GRACE) missions have offered global observations of total water storage (TWS). However, the relatively short record of GRACE data poses a significant challenge for researchers to investigate the full range and long-term variability in TWS. In this study, we present RecGAN, a novel Conditional Generative Adversarial Network (CGAN) comprising a RecNet generator and pixel discriminator. Our approach aims to generate long-term GRACE-like TWS observations by calibrating the WaterGAP Global Hydrology Model (WGHM). The generator is trained to produce observations conforming to the distribution of GRACE data, while the discriminator is trained to assess whether each generated pixel resembles GRACE data. Our results show that RecGAN effectively enhances the consistency between GRACE observations and WGHM-derived TWS changes, achieving improved correlation coefficients, Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency, and Normalized Root-Mean-Square Error. In addition, RecGAN is robust to different GRACE mascon data, crop sizes used during the training period, and hydrological models targeted for calibration. This study illustrates a promising application of employing CGANs to fine-tune the WGHM output to match GRACE observations. This approach enables the generation of longterm TWS change datasets, which are invaluable for evaluating long-term water storage fluctuations, allocating water resources, and forecasting future hydrological extremes.
Quantifying marine growth on pipelines with archival remotely operated vehicle footage – a case study
Authors: Bayley Ben , Griffiths Terry , Pistani Fabrizio , Helmholz Petra , Belton David , Parnum Iain
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Marine growth can substantially affect the hydrodynamic properties of subsea infrastructure. The ability to accurately quantify this growth is essential for designing and maintaining subsea structures. Traditionally, quantifying marine growth has been done by applying simple ratio equations putting in relationship the known distance of an object and its length observed in the image to the length of an unknown object only observed in an image. This method is very sensitive if measurements are not taken in the same plane. Hence, this study aims to establish a method for creating a 3D model of a subsea pipeline segment based on Structure from Motion (SfM). The proof of concept is done using a case study. For this study, Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) footage from a 2019 inspection survey is utilised. The scenario in which the procedure is tested represents a difficult, but realistic test case. Despite the lack of metadata, video quality and obstructions (e.g. watermarks), meaningful results were produced. The SfM workflow included masking obstructions (e.g. watermarks), and an iterative camera alignment procedure to generate 3D models, enabling the measurement of marine growth using either the models or ortho images created. While the resulting models were sufficiently accurate to provide meaningful measurements for harder growth types, the method faced challenges in accurately modelling softer growth types, suggesting the need for further refinement. Nevertheless, SfM was proven to be a more reliable method of measuring biofouling than the ratio approach that been traditionally used.
Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation based NLOS Identification for UWB Indoor Positioning
Authors: Li Jinkun , Xiu Chundi , Wang Feng , Selezneva Maria S. , Yang Dongkai
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Ultra-wideband (UWB) positioning technology stands out from many indoor positioning technologies with its advantages of high precision. However, non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagate leads to heavy range error and reduces position accuracy, this paper proposes a NLOS identification method based on channel impulse response (CIR), which includes three stages. Firstly, CIR based feature selection is carried out, which includes correlation analysis of calculated features. Secondly, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is introduced to NLOS identification. Finally, time of arrival (TOA) based location estimation is realized after NLOS ranging error mitigation. Simulation results show that the average identification rate of NLOS can exceed 86%, and the average positioning error can be reduced by about 0.5m.
Comparison of Triple Exponential Smoothing and ARIMA in Predicting Cryptocurrency Prices
Authors: Prasetyo Adi , Nurdin Nurdin , Aidilof Hafizh Al Kautsar
Published: October 2024

Cryptocurrency has emerged as a prominent digital asset over the past decade, but its high price volatility presents significant challenges for investors. This study evaluates and compares the effectiveness of the Triple Exponential Smoothing (TES) and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) methods in forecasting the prices of five major cryptocurrencies: Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), Binance Coin (BNB), Solana (SOL), and Ripple (XRP). TES models trends and seasonality in time series data, while ARIMA captures autoregressive patterns and moving averages. The dataset is split into 80% for training and 20% for testing, with performance evaluated using Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE). TES outperforms ARIMA in predicting Bitcoin and Binance Coin, achieving MAPE values of 10.38% and 13.81%, and RMSE values of 3,985.55 and 41.28, respectively. However, ARIMA shows better performance for Ethereum, Solana, and Ripple, with MAPE ranging from 8.78% to 32.84% and RMSE between 0.08 and 204.59. Notably, Ethereum has the lowest MAPE at 8.78%, while Ripple exhibits the smallest RMSE at 0.08. These findings suggest that TES is more suitable for cryptocurrencies with relatively stable price patterns, while ARIMA is better adapted to forecasting highly volatile assets. This research underscores the importance of selecting forecasting models based on the specific characteristics of each cryptocurrency
El lenguaje juvenil en la comunicación digital: a propósito de How to sell drugs online (fast)
Authors: Robles Sabater Ferran
Published: October 2024

El propósito de este trabajo es examinar de qué manera se recrean los rasgos característicos de la comunicación electrónica entre jóvenes en la serie de ficción alemana How to sell drugs online (fast). Presenta los resultados del análisis de 108 conversaciones mantenidas por sus personajes en redes sociales, aplicaciones de mensajería instantánea, videojuegos y plataformas de internet. La investigación ha permitido identificar mecanismos lingüísticos recurrentes, que se han clasificado en seis distintos niveles: léxico-semántico, morfosintáctico, ortotipográfico, pragmático, visual y medial. Todos ellos contribuyen a evocar la clase de oralidad concepcional que típicamente reproducen las conversaciones coloquiales mantenidas a través de estos medios digitales y, con ello, a dar versosimilitud a la trama y a sus personajes.
Im Meer der Vielfalt, die Balance halten: Transnationalität und Identität in Terézia Moras Auf dem Seil
Authors: Bescansa Carme
Published: October 2024

Vom konzeptuellen Rahmen der Transnationalität und dessen literarischer Darstellung ausgehend werden im vorliegenden Artikel Möglichkeiten für Identifikationsprozesse beobachtet, die in Terézia Moras Roman Auf dem Seil (2019) geboten werden. Transnationalität – so die hier vertretene Hypothese - erweist sich dabei als Ausdruck unseres Umgangs mit Heterogenem und Garant für die Komplexität und Performativität jeder Identitätskonfiguration. Inhaltlich und strukturell sind Liminalität, Hybridität, Mobilität und radikale Offenheit kennzeichnende Merkmale des Romans. Allerdings ergeben sich auch Strategien für die Orientierung und für eine Balance, die im Menschlichen verortet sind, und die eine Entwicklung andeuten, vom radikalen Individualismus hin zu einer Öffnung und Akzeptanz der Gemeinsamkeit.
Sara Mesa en el laberinto de lo kafkiano: una lectura comparada
Authors: Martínez Salazar Elisa
Published: October 2024

Este artículo aborda la lectura del conjunto de la obra de Sara Mesa a la luz de lo kafkiano. Pese a sus diferencias estéticas, Mesa comparte con Kafka su interés por el poder ejercido sobre el individuo en distintos ámbitos, desde el familiar hasta el de la administración pública. En este sentido, es la crónica narrativa Silencio administrativo el texto de Mesa que más abiertamente asume lo kafkiano. La perspectiva de personajes anómalos, desarraigados y juzgados, la atención a la animalidad y el cultivo de lo grotesco son otros aspectos que emparentan a dos autores que entienden la literatura como una búsqueda de la verdad, sin concesiones al lector.
Losada, José Manuel: Mitocrítica cultural: una definición del mito. Madrid: Akal 2022. 832 pp.
Authors: Lombana Sánchez Alfonso
Published: October 2024

Losada, José Manuel: Mitocrítica cultural: una definición del mito. Madrid: Akal 2022. 832 pp.
Self-Repair in Tigrinya: Trouble Sources, Mechanisms and Solutions
Authors: Mache Asgede Dagnew
Published: October 2024

This paper analyzes conversational self-repair, which refers to reconstructing problematic portions of a prior oral discourse by oneself, in Tigrinya. Tigrinya is a Northern Ethio-Eritrean-Semitic language spoken by the inhabitants of the Tigray regional state of Ethiopia and Eritrea. This article relies on recorded oral data from speakers of the Rayya Tigrinya variety, particularly inhabitants of Neksege located to the West of Maichew. A conversational analysis (CA) approach is used to analyze the trouble sources, mechanisms (initiators), and results of self-repair. The article shows that pronunciation problems emanating from dialectal variation or tongue slip, wrong word order including focus misplacement, missing constituents, perceived misunderstandings, and using (totally) wrong constituents are some of the trouble sources that push speakers to repair portions of a prior oral utterance. On top of that, cut-offs, particles, and lexemes (one verbal noun and some predicates) are identified as self-repair initiators. Though cut-offs do not indicate a self-repair, particles and predicates may sometimes indicate a self-repair. Finally, the article posits that expanding, replacing, re-ordering, aborting and restarting, and inserting are some of the solutions set for the repairable segments in the repaired portions of the oral discourse. The author recommends for further investigation repair in the process of language acquisition and learning, and the relationship between self-repair and the demographic features of participants.
MORPHOFUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF COWS WITH HEMORRHAGIC ENDOMETRITIS
Authors:   Akhmet Baitursynuly Kostanay Regional University NLC, Khassanova Madina , Mikniene Zoja ,   Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Suleimanova Kulyay ,   Z.Aldamzhar Kostanay Social-Technical University, Abilova Zulkyya ,   Akhmet Baitursynuly Kostanay Regional University NLC
Published: October 2024

The article presents the results of studies of the morphofunctional characteristics of the reproductive system of cows with hemorrhagic endometritis. In the ovaries of cows, the number of primary follicles is reduced, but the number of atretic follicles is increased. The area of protoplasm and nuclei in the left ovary increases by 23.8% and 13.01% compared to the norm, in the right – by 63.4% and 41.4%, respectively. The functional activity of follicular epithelial cells in the left ovary decreases by 4.2%, in the right – by 14.6%. In case of hemorrhagic endometritis, the mass of the right ovary is 30.76% less, and the mass of the left ovary is within the normal range. The length of both oviducts is within the physiological norm. The width of the left and right oviducts is 39.93% and 13.89% less than normal. In general, the wall thickness of the left oviduct decreases by 13.3% compared to that in clinically healthy cows, while the right one, on the contrary, thickens by 33.6%. At the same time, there is a thickening of the mucous layer of the left oviduct by 37.6% compared to the norm. The submucosal and muscular layers are thinner by 43.6% and 38.4%, respectively. In the right oviduct, a thickening of the submucosal layer by 55.5% was noted, and the thickness of the muscular layer was within the normal range. The area of protoplasm and nuclei of the surface epithelium in the left oviduct decreases compared to those in clinically healthy cows by 11.7% and 10.2%, in the right – by 31.3% and 45.2%, respectively. The functional activity of cells in the left oviduct increased by 7.7%, in the right – by 35.4%.
STUDY OF AGROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF COASTAL SOILSOF THE KARATOMAR RESERVOIR: AGROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSIONS
Authors:   Akhmet Baitursynuly Kostanay Regional University NLC, Yskak Aliya , Kuanyshbayev Seitbek ,   Akhmet Baitursynuly Kostanay Regional University NLC, Nugmanov Almabek ,   Akhmet Baitursynuly Kostanay Regional University NLC, Bashev Artyom ,   Akhmet Baitursynuly Kostanay Regional University NLC
Published: October 2024

The assessment of the main agrochemical indicators of the quality of agricultural soils adjacent to the Karatomar reservoir, such as pH, humus, mobile and total phosphorus and potassium, nitrogen, nitrates, mobile sulfur, heavy metals, was carried out. The determination of agrochemical indicators of soils was carried out in accordance with the regulatory requirements and standards of the Republic of Kazakhstan and state and foreign scientific recommendations; the research work was carried out from autumn 2023 to winter 2024. It has been established that the agricultural soils adjacent to the Karatomar reservoir are characterized by an alkaline environment with a pH above 7.0, which significantly affects the absorption of nutrients by plants. The humus content is at a moderate level; however, the low levels of nitrogen in nitrate form and available phosphorus indicate potential limitations for photosynthesis and overall plant viability. The high concentration of available potassium contributes to plant stress resistance. The analysis of heavy metal content showed that overall levels comply with standards, but the identified exceedance of cadmium levels requires attention when developing measures to improve soil quality and ensure the environmental safety of the region.
EFFECT OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN LEVEL ON B. SUBTILIS SPORE CULTIVATION DURING SUBMERGED FERMENTATION IN BIOREACTOR
Authors:   Antigen Research and Development Enterprise LLP, Tursynbayev Nurtas , Akhmetsadykov Nurlan ,   Antigen Research and Development Enterprise LLP, Krykbayev Yerkin ,   Antigen Research and Development Enterprise LLP, Khussainov Damir ,   Antigen Research and Development Enterprise LLP
Published: October 2024

This paper presents research findings on the impact of dissolved oxygen levels on the spore formation of B. subtilis during submerged cultivation in a bioreactor. The experiments analyzed both static and dynamic oxygen levels. The study revealed that oxygenation changes significantly affect the kinetics and yield of B. subtilis spores. When static DO values ranged from 0% to 50%, the process proved economically inefficient, with either non-viable bacteria at the end of the cycle or a spore yield that was not cost-effective. Conversely, DO levels from 50% to 0% resulted in rapid spore formation, followed by a shift from sporulation form back to vegetative form. The research identified the optimal dissolved oxygen range for cultivation as a dynamic cycle between 0% and 50%, where sporulation occurred after 36 hours, with spores comprising 95% of the total bacterial mass. This study broadens our understanding of biotechnological growth factors in bioreactor systems. Microbiological and biotechnological methods were used for submerged cultivation in bioreactors, along with physicochemical monitoring of dissolved oxygen. The practical relevance of this study lies in its potential application in controlling the cultivation of this microorganism for industrial biotechnological processes.
CAUSES OF DEGRADATION OF NATURAL PASTURES IN THE ZHAMBYL REGION AND THEIR RESTORATION
Authors:   Innovative University of Eurasia, Issayeva Zhanetta
Published: October 2024

The article presents data obtained during study conducted in the context of the vertical (altitudinal) zonation of soils in the southeastern part of Kazakhstan, aimed at studying the causes of pasture degradation. The technologies for their restoration in specific project areas are also outlined. Natural forage lands are the basis of nutrition for animal husbandry. A study of the current state of the food supply in our country shows that up to 80% of the animal feed ration is pasture forage. More than 64% of the area of Kazakhstan is occupied by pasture lands. Pasture forage is a plant resource that is renewed annually, and its potential productivity is about 22-26 million tons of feed units. Nevertheless, it should be noted that the consumer attitude of users to these natural resources has a negative impact on their nutritional value. Yields decrease, the composition of the grass layer and the quality of the forage change, and the areas become overgrown with inedible and poisonous plants. During the study, water and physical parameters of the soil, agrochemical analysis of the soil, measurement of the projective cover of plants and weighing of the pasture mass of grass, determination of the forage nutritional value (chemical composition) were carried out. Taking into account the seasonal yield of natural grass, the increase in live weight of animals during the grazing period and economic efficiency were determined. In the course of the ongoing work, conditions have being created for the restoration of degraded pastures in the Zhambyl region. The growth and development of the green cover increases by 14-17%, and livestock production rises by 11% due to rational grazing practices.
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Children. An Up-to-Date View of Disease Outcomes
Authors: Tsareva Zh. A. , Tsarkova S. A. , Lipin V. R.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic neonatal lung disease, with oxygen dependence by 36 weeks post conceptual age (PCA). Over the past decade, the frequency of the disease has increased. More and more modern scientific data are published that BPD has an adverse effect not just the development of the lungs, but also on the cardiovascular system. There is a large amount of information in the literature about the outcomes of BPD, but there is not enough information about the consequences of cardiovascular disorders in children with a history of BPD. Lack of clear criteria to predict and prevent to demonstrate cardiovascular disorders, were the basis for a detailed study of the literature concerning this issue.Purpose of the study based on study of the results of studies by local and foreign authors, to analyze the nature of cardiovascular disorders in children with a history of BPD, and to determine directions for more detailed scientific and practical search for a solution to this problem.Materials and methods. Research articles were searched for keywords “bronchopulmonary dysplasia” and “сardiovascular disorders” in the PubMed, UpToDate, Google Scholar databases, eLibrary.ru. At least 80 publications have been extracted from search results for simplification. Analyses of the results of studies by local and foreign authors on outcomes, BPD, including cardiovascular disorders, was carried out.Results and discussion. At the moment, the outcomes of BPD are well understood, while few information on cardiovascular disorders and possible prognosis for children who have undergone BPD.Conclusion. Cardiovascular disorders in children with a history of BPD are a pressing problem in pediatric practice. The presented literature review summarizes the information accumulated over several years on the outcomes of cardiovascular changes and determines the direction for further study of the problem, involving pediatricians and doctors of other specialties in order to identify groups at increased risk for the development of these diseases in children.