bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acoustic radiation characteristics of shark skin inspired surface modified plates
Authors: Pal Aninda , Ghoshal Ritwik
Published: October 2024

This paper aims to evaluate the acoustic radiation characteristics of thin plates featuring a layer of small-scale biomimetic shark skin type additive surface treatment. The shark skin dermal denticles are modelled as point masses arranged in a bi-directional pattern on both the upper and lower surfaces of the plate. The governing equations are obtained through a variational approach, incorporating the Dirac Delta function in the derivation of the proposed semi-analytical model for the shark skin layer. A semi-analytical method based on the Rayleigh–Ritz formulation is utilized to analyze the vibrations of these plates with surface modification. The sound radiation characteristics are then derived from the solution of the Rayleigh integral. A comprehensive investigation is performed on the influence of surface modification on different vibro-acoustic characteristics, using a continuous structural mode and power transfer matrix-based approach. Notable observations include a reduction in peak vibro-acoustic responses with dense denticle arrangements, especially at resonance, demonstrating a direct relationship with mass ratios, i.e., the ratio of denticle mass to plate mass. The study further reveals a shift of vibro-acoustic responses towards low frequencies with an increase in mass ratios. A thorough comparative study indicates that while additive surface modifications inspired by shark skin may weaken sound radiation characteristics at resonance frequencies, a reverse effect can be observed at intermittent operational frequencies.
Impact of goal orientation on moral competence development in youth
Authors: Ludwiczak Mateusz , Bronikowska Małgorzata
Published: October 2024

The study had two aims. The first was to investigate correlation between specific types of goal orientation as a predictor of prosocial and antisocial functioning and level of moral competences. The second, was to verify whether goal orientation has an impact on the development of moral competences of students participating in a pedagogical intervention based on non-linear pedagogy. Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire and Moral Competence Test were used to assess 468 secondary school students aged 15 in goal orientation and moral competences level. There was no correlation between the level of task and ego orientation and the level of moral competence. Under the influence of pedagogical experiment students with high level of task orientation achieved a statistically significantly higher change in the level of moral competences (η2 = 0.04). Study suggests that high level of task orientation is more susceptible to the development of moral competencies. Also, employing a non-linear pedagogy model in physical education, provides a conducive environment for the development of moral competences and should be implemented in the training of future physical education teachers.
Predicting SARS-CoV-2 infection among hemodialysis patients using deep neural network methods
Authors: Xiao Lihao , Zhang Hanjie , Duan Juntao , Ma Xiaoran , Usvyat Len A. , Kotanko Peter , Wang Yuedong
Published: October 2024

COVID-19 has a higher rate of morbidity and mortality among dialysis patients than the general population. Identifying infected patients early with the support of predictive models helps dialysis centers implement concerted procedures (e.g., temperature screenings, universal masking, isolation treatments) to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and mitigate outbreaks. We collect data from multiple sources, including demographics, clinical, treatment, laboratory, vaccination, socioeconomic status, and COVID-19 surveillance. Previous early prediction models, such as logistic regression, SVM, and XGBoost, require sophisticated feature engineering and need improved prediction performance. We create deep learning models, including Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), to predict SARS-CoV-2 infections during incubation. Our study shows deep learning models with minimal feature engineering can identify those infected patients more accurately than previously built models. Our Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model consistently performed well, with an AUC exceeding 0.80, peaking at 0.91 in August 2021. The CNN model also demonstrated strong results with an AUC above 0.75. Both models outperformed previous best XGBoost models by over 0.10 in AUC. Prediction accuracy declined as the pandemic evolved, dropping to approximately 0.75 between September 2021 and January 2022. Maintaining a 20% false positive rate, our LSTM and CNN models identified 66% and 64% of positive cases among patients, significantly outperforming XGBoost models at 42%. We also identify key features for dialysis patients by calculating the gradient of the output with respect to the input features. By closely monitoring these factors, dialysis patients can receive earlier diagnoses and care, leading to less severe outcomes. Our research highlights the effectiveness of deep neural networks in analyzing longitudinal data, especially in predicting COVID-19 infections during the crucial incubation period. These deep network approaches surpass traditional methods relying on aggregated variable means, significantly improving the accurate identification of SARS-CoV-2 infections.
Plasmonic semi shells derived from simultaneous in situ gold growth and anisotropic acid etching of ZIF-8 for photothermal ablation of metastatic breast tumor
Authors: Sood Kritika , Mathur Purvi , Rath Sulagna , Yadav Pranjali , Kaur Navneet , Sharma Priyanka , Mimansa  , Chauhan Deepak Singh , Vaidya Sonalika , Srivastava Rohit , De Abhijit , Shanavas Asifkhan
Published: October 2024

Open nanoshells such as nanobowls or nanocups collectively described as ‘semi shells’ have unique plasmonic properties due to their lack of symmetry. So far, their fabrication was based on multistep and laborious methods such as solid state sputter coating or selective deposition/etching using sacrificial templates. In this work, we report a rapid one step colloidal synthetic protocol for PEGylated semi-shell (SS) fabrication by simultaneous facet specific anisotropic chemical etching of rhombic dodecahedral ZIF-8 and heterogenous nucleation & growth of gold. The SS possesses a strong localized surface plasmon resonance in the near-infrared region, which is retained after surface passivation with polyethylene glycol and subsequent cryopreservation for extended shelf-life. Freshly reconstituted PEGylated SS was found to be safe & non-toxic in healthy C57BL/6 mice post intravenous administration. The PEGylated SS displayed significant photothermal efficiency of ~37% with 808 nm laser irradiation. Preclinical assessment of intra-tumoral photothermal efficacy indicated complete remission of primary breast tumor mass with insignificant metastasis to vital organs in 4T1 FL2 tumor bearing CD1 nude mice. Further, PEGylated SS mediated photothermal therapy also yielded morbidity free survivael of 75% for up to 90 days, indicating their potential to significantly improve outcomes in advanced breast tumors.
Host-guest charge transfer for scalable single crystal epitaxy of a metal-organic framework
Authors: Mantel Arthur , Stöger Berthold , Prado-Roller Alexander , Shiozawa Hidetsugu
Published: October 2024

Methods to grow large crystals provide the foundation for material science and technology. Here we demonstrate single crystal homoepitaxy of a metal-organic framework (MOF) built of zinc, acetate and terephthalate ions, that encapsulate arrays of octahedral zinc dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) complex cations within its one-dimensional (1D) channels. The three-dimensional framework is built of two-dimensional Zn-terephthalate square lattices interconnected by anionic acetate pillars through diatomic zinc nodes. The charge of the anionic framework is neutralized by the 1D arrays of $${{\rm{Zn}}}{({{\rm{DMSO}}})}_{6}^{2+}$$
Zn

(

DMSO

)

6

2
+

cations that fill every second 1D channel of the framework. It is demonstrated that the repeatable and scalable epitaxy allows square cuboids of this charge-transfer MOF to grow stepwise to sizes in the centimeter range. The continuous growth with no size limits can be attributed to the ionic nature of the anionic framework with cationic 1D molecular fillers. These findings pave the way for epitaxial growth of bulk crystals of MOFs.
Establishment and characterization of noro-VLP measurement by digital ELISA
Authors: Hasegawa Takema , Adachi Yuriko , Saikusa Kazumi , Kato Megumi
Published: October 2024

Highly sensitive viral analytical techniques are essential tools for preventing the spread of infections. In this study, we established a digital enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system to quantify norovirus proteins with high sensitivity.
A distinctive and proficient fluorescent switch for ratiometric recognition of the menacing cyanide ion: biological studies on MDA-MB-231 cells
Authors: Biswas Amitav , Gharami Saswati , Maji Atanu , Guha Subhabrata , Das Gaurav , Naskar Rahul , Mondal Tapan Kumar
Published: October 2024

A new fluorescent ratiometric switch (BOHB) was developed for swift and selective detection of cyanide ions in aqueous media without any interference from other competitive anions.
A single H-bond triggers the formation of a cleft around Et3NH+ through bond rearrangement and rotations of arms in both Co(iii) and Fe(iii) complexes
Authors: Paik Somnath , Ray Manabendra
Published: October 2024

The single N–H bond in triethylammonium triggers massive structural rearrangement in an inert Co(iii) complex that tetraethylammonium cannot.
Structure dependent activation of a Co molecular catalyst through photoinduced electron transfer from CdTe quantum dots
Authors: Dana Jayanta , Ajayakumar M. R. , Efimov Alexander , Weckman Timo , Honkala Karoliina , Tkachenko Nikolai V.
Published: October 2024

Complexes of quantum dots with molecular catalysts are promising building blocks for photo-catalytic applications.
Multivalent nanobody engineering for enhanced physisorption and functional display on gold nanoparticles
Authors: Ayrton John-Paul , Ho Chapman , Zhang Haoran , Chudasama Vijay , Frank Stefanie , Thomas Michael R.
Published: October 2024

Engineered multivalent nanobodies improve gold nanoparticle bioconjugate stability and improve sensitivity of nanobody-based lateral flow assay.
Heterogenous catalysis for oxygen tolerant photoredox atom transfer radical polymerization and small-molecule dehalogenation
Authors: Kapil Kriti , Sun Mingkang , Lin Ting-Chih , Murata Hironobu , Szczepaniak Grzegorz , Kim Khidong , DiLuzio Stephen , Jeong Jaepil , Baumer Mitchell , Bernhard Stefan , Kowalewski Tomasz , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof
Published: October 2024

Heterogeneous photocatalysts (PCs) have garnered attention for their sustainability and cost-effectiveness.
Investigating the anti-inflammatory potential of N-amidic acid organoselenium candidates: biological assessments, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Althikrallah Hanan A. , Shaaban Saad , Elmaaty Ayman Abo , Ba-Ghazal Hussein , Almarri Mohammed N. , Sharaky Marwa , Alnajjar Radwan , Al-Karmalawy Ahmed A.
Published: October 2024

N-Amidic acid organoselenium candidates as anti-inflammatory agents.
A review of the electrochemical and galvanic corrosion behavior of important intermetallic compounds in the context of aluminum alloys
Authors: Ikeuba Alexander I. , Njoku Chigoziri N. , Ekerenam Okpo O. , Njoku Demian I. , Udoh Inime I. , Daniel Enobong F. , Uzoma Paul C. , Etim Ini-Ibehe N. , Okonkwo Bright O.
Published: October 2024

Schematic of the galvanic corrosion evolution on η-phase (MgZn2), β-phase (Al3Mg2), Q-phase (Al4Cu2Mg8Si7), and π-phase (Al8Mg3FeSi6) coupled to aluminum at different pH values using the SVET current density map.
Chemical induces microstructural transformation of pulp fibre to colloidal cellulose for sustainable plant protection
Authors: Phengdaam Apichat , Chaiyosburana Jiranat , Hianchasri Wichayut , Khupsathianwong Nutthaphol , Uthaipan Nattapon , Ekgasit Sanong
Published: October 2024

This work highlights the conversion of pulp fibers into colloidal cellulose through a simple acidic treatment, demonstrating its potential as a sustainable coating agent or adjuvant for enhanced agricultural protection strategies.
Substituent effect in determining the total structure of an all-alkynyl-protected Ag98 nanocluster for methanol tolerant oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Cui Xiaoqin , Zhang Xuehuan , Li Ting , Zhu Sheng , Han Gaoyi , Li Huan
Published: October 2024

A sterically demanding ortho-CF3 substituent defines not only the arrangement of ligands on a Ag98(2-CF3PhCC)48Cl4 nanocluster (Ag98) but also the inter-cluster interactions. Ag98 shows excellent methanol tolerance in the oxygen reduction reaction.
Multiplexed no-wash cellular imaging using BenzoTag, an evolved self-labeling protein
Authors: Lampkin Bryan J. , Goldberg Benjamin J. , Kritzer Joshua A.
Published: October 2024

BenzoTag, a self-labeling protein developed using molecular evolution, enables wash-free labeling in live cells in seconds using low nanomolar dye concentrations.
Highly efficient pure organic near-ultraviolet (NUV) electro-fluorescent materials with high electron mobility and improved hole mobility
Authors: Zhou Huayi , Wang Runze , Sun Mizhen , Zhou Yannan , Zhang Li , Song Jingru , Sun Qikun , Zhang Shi-Tong , Yang Wenjun , Xue Shanfeng
Published: October 2024

In this work, OLEDs based on the D–π–A molecules exhibit bright near-ultraviolet (NUV) to blue emission. Remarkably, doping achieves more balanced mobilities. Ultimately, highly efficient NUV-doped OLEDs with a 14.5% EQE for 9-PCZCFTZ were achieved.
An all-fibrous, permeable, adhesive, and stretchable self-powered electronic skin for sign language recognition
Authors: Chen Fan , Song Xian , Fu Jingjing , Liang Jiaheng , Zhou Junhua , Cai Jiehua , Zhang Yufei , Zhu Mengjia , Ding Yichun , Jiang Jinxing , Chen Zijian , Qi Youchao , Zhou Zhihao , Huang Qiyao , Zhang Yingying , Zheng Zijian
Published: October 2024

An all-fibrous self-powered electronic skin that offers textile-like breathability, intrinsic stretchability, skin adhesion, biocompatibility, and good sensing performance for real-time gesture recognition assisted by machine learning.
Efficient organic solar cells based on low-cost pentacyclic fused-ring small molecule acceptors with a fill factor over 80%
Authors: Wei Qingya , Li Yuanyuan , Chen Weikun , Shi Qinhao , Zhu Shaofeng , Yan Wensheng , Zou Yingping
Published: October 2024

A low-cost pentacyclic fused-ring SMA, BZ4F-ch1, was designed with a cyclohexyl side-chain, which achieved a high device efficiency over 16% with an FF over 80%. Besides, the highest PCE/MOC value of 3.56 revealed remarkable cost-effectiveness.
Dual stimuli-responsive biotinylated polymer–drug conjugate for dual drug delivery
Authors: Ghosh Desoshree , Khan Afruja , Bag Sagar , Mallick Amirul Islam , De Priyadarsi
Published: October 2024

Esterase and reactive oxygen species-responsive polymer-chlorambucil conjugates form self-assembled nanoaggregates, which surrogate another anticancer drug, doxorubicin, and show synergistic anticancer activity by receptor-mediated endocytosis.
Sulfur–tetrazine as highly efficient visible-light activatable photo-trigger for designing photoactivatable fluorescence biomolecules
Authors: Yang Shudan , Zhang Mengxi , Loredo Axel , Soares David , Wu Yulun , Xiao Han
Published: October 2024

Light-activated fluorescence represents a potent tool for investigating subcellular structures and dynamics, offering enhanced control over the temporal and spatial aspects of the fluorescence signal.
Temperature-dependent stress–strain behavior of amorphous and crystalline P3HT
Authors: Fagbohungbe Kehinde H. , Callaway Connor P. , Risko Chad
Published: October 2024

Atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of ordered and disordered P3HT at varying temperatures reveal distinct thermomechanical behavior in the amorphous and crystalline material domains.
Overlapping and Distinct Physical and Biological Phenotypes in Pure Frailty and Obese Frailty
Authors: Ji Fujue , Park Ji Hyun , Rheem Hyeonseung , Kim Jong-Hee
Published: October 2024

Background: Pure frailty and obese frailty are common types of frailty syndrome. However, the overlapping and distinct characteristics between pure frailty and obese frailty remain unclear. This study aims to reveal the overlapping/distinct physical and biological phenotypes of pure frailty and obese frailty, providing theoretical support for their prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

Method: Mice were fed either a normal or high-fat diet and assessed at 20 months of age. They were assigned to one of the four groups: control, obesity, pure frailty, and obese frailty. Grip strength, walking speed, physical activity, endurance, and body weight were measured to determine pure frailty and obese frailty. Physical and biological phenotypes were assessed.

Results: Distinct physical phenotypes were observed between pure frailty and obese frailty in terms of body weight, lean mass, fat mass, fat mass in tissue, grip strength, endurance, and physical activity, while walking speed overlapped. In biological phenotypes, levels of Smad2/3, FoxO3a, P62, LAMP-2, and cathepsin L expression were distinct, while AKT, p-AKT, mTOR, p-mTOR, p-Smad2/3, p-FoxO3a, Beclin-1, ATG7, and LC3 overlapped.

Conclusion: Distinct physical phenotypes observed in obese frailty are primarily attributable to the effect of obesity, with further impairment of muscle function resulting from the combined effects of frailty syndromes and obesity. Pure frailty and obese frailty share overlapping biological phenotypes, particularly in the regulation of muscle protein synthesis. Moreover, the interaction between obesity and frailty syndromes gives rise to both overlapping and distinct biological phenotypes, especially in the regulation of specific degradation signaling proteins.
J-PLUS: Bayesian object classification with a strum of BANNJOS
Authors: del Pino A. , López-Sanjuan C. , Hernán-Caballero A. , Domínguez-Sánchez H. , von Marttens R. , Fernández-Ontiveros J. A. , Coelho P. R. T. , Lumbreras-Calle A. , Vega-Ferrero J. , Jimenez-Esteban F. , Cruz P. , Marra V. , Quartin M. , Galarza C. A. , Angulo R. E. , Cenarro A. J. , Cristóbal-Hornillos D. , Dupke R. A. , Ederoclite A. , Hernández-Monteagudo C. , Marín-Franch A. , Moles M. , Sodré L. , Varela J. , Vázquez Ramió H.
Published: October 2024

Context. With its 12 optical filters, the Javalambre-Photometric Local Universe Survey (J-PLUS) provides an unprecedented multicolor view of the local Universe. The third data release (DR3) covers 3192 deg2 and contains 47.4 million objects. However, the classification algorithms currently implemented in the J-PLUS pipeline are deterministic and based solely on the morphology of the sources.

Aims. Our goal is to classify the sources identified in the J-PLUS DR3 images as stars, quasi-stellar objects (QSOs), or galaxies. For this task, we present BANNJOS, a machine learning pipeline that utilizes Bayesian neural networks to provide the full probability distribution function (PDF) of the classification.

Methods. BANNJOS has been trained on photometric, astrometric, and morphological data from J-PLUS DR3, Gaia DR3, and CatWISE2020, using over 1.2 million objects with spectroscopic classification from SDSS DR18, LAMOST DR9, the DESI Early Data Release, and Gaia DR3. Results were validated on a test set of about 1.4 × 105 objects and cross-checked against theoretical model predictions.

Results. BANNJOS outperforms all previous classifiers in terms of accuracy, precision, and completeness across the entire magnitude range. It delivers over 95% accuracy for objects brighter than r = 21.5 mag and ~ 90% accuracy for those up to r = 22 mag, where J-PLUS completeness is ≲ 25%. BANNJOS is also the first object classifier to provide the full PDF of the classification, enabling precise object selection for high purity or completeness, and for identifying objects with complex features, such as active galactic nuclei with resolved host galaxies.

Conclusions. BANNJOS effectively classified J-PLUS sources into around 20 million galaxies, one million QSOs, and 26 million stars, with full PDFs for each, which allow for later refinement of the sample. The upcoming J-PAS survey, with its 56 color bands, will further enhance BANNJOS’s ability to detail the nature of each source.
TT Arietis: New approach to the analysis of quasi-periodic oscillations
Authors: Vega-Manubens I. , Vogt N. , Lopera-Mejía A. , Aravena-Rojas G. , Rojas Lobos P. A.
Published: October 2024

Context. TT Arietis (TT Ari) is a nova-like cataclysmic variable of the VY Scl subtype with light-curve variations on multiple timescales. In addition to the superhump modulation, quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) have been found.

Aims. Our aim is to determine the occurrence, strength, and variability of QPOs in TT Ari based on more complete data than in previous works.

Methods. The data were obtained during the high state of TT Ari in October 2012 by the MOST space telescope, covering a total of 361.2 hours of continuous observation. We searched for frequencies over subsets of time using a Fourier-like power spectrum and then added the frequencies together, forming groups.

Results. Our method has revealed QPOs that occur in ‘frequency groups’, which are events with a continuous oscillation of similar, constant or slowly variable frequency. We report a total of 160 frequency groups in the period range between 14 and 53 minutes (27 and 98 days−1), with two peaks in the power spectrum at 18.5 and 33.8 minutes (42.5 and 77.5 days−1). The duration of these frequency groups varies between 0.72 and 7.5 hours (average 2.8 hours) revealing between 3 and 18 complete cycles in the light curve. Most of them show significant frequency variations over the course of their duration. Sometimes two frequency groups occur simultaneously. An analysis with randomised data confirms that stochastic processes can only explain a fraction of the QPOs found. The occurrence of QPOs appears not to be related to the superhump phase.
Origin of the type III radiation observed near the Sun
Authors: Mozer F. S. , Agapitov O. , Bale S. D. , Goetz K. , Krasnoselskikh V. , Pulupa M. , Sauer K. , Voshchepynets A.
Published: October 2024

Aims. We investigate processes associated with the generation of type III radiation using Parker Solar Probe measurements.

Methods. We measured the amplitudes and phase velocities of electric and magnetic fields and their associated plasma density fluctuations.

Results. 1. There are slow electrostatic waves near the Langmuir frequency and at as many as six harmonics, the number of which increases with the amplitude of the Langmuir wave. Their electrostatic nature is shown by measurements of the plasma density fluctuations. From these density fluctuations and the electric field magnitude, the k-value of the Langmuir wave is estimated to be 0.14 and kλd = 0.4. Even with the large uncertainty in this quantity (more than a factor of two), the phase velocity of the Langmuir wave was < 10 000 km/s. 2. The electromagnetic wave near the Langmuir frequency has a phase velocity lower than 50 000 km/s. 3. We cannot determine whether there are electromagnetic waves at the harmonics of the Langmuir frequency. If they existed, their magnetic field components would be below the noise level of the measurement. 4. The rapid (less than one millisecond) amplitude variations typical of the Langmuir wave and its harmonics are artifacts resulting from the addition of two waves, one of which has small frequency variations that arise because the wave travels through density irregularities. None of these results are expected in or consistent with the conventional model of the three-wave interaction of two counter-streaming Langmuir waves that coalesce to produce the type III wave. They are consistent with a new model in which electrostatic antenna waves are produced at the harmonics by radiation of the Langmuir wave, after which at least the first harmonic wave evolved through density irregularities such that its wave number decreased and it became the type III radiation.
AGN feeding along a one-armed spiral in NGC 4593
Authors: Kianfar K. , Andreani P. , Fernández-Ontiveros J. A. , Combes F. , Spinoglio L. , Hatziminaoglou E. , Ricci C. , Bewketu-Belete A. , Imanishi M. , Pereira-Santaella M. , Slater R. , Malheiro M.
Published: October 2024

Context. We investigate active galactic nuclei (AGN) feeding through the molecular gas (CO(2−1) emission) properties of the local Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4593, using Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) observations and other multi-wavelength data.

Aims. Our study aims to understand the interplay between the AGN and the interstellar medium (ISM) in this galaxy, examining the role of the AGN in steering gas dynamics within its host galaxy, evaluating the energy injected into the ISM, and determining whether gas is inflowing or outflowing from the galaxy.

Methods. After reducing the ALMA CO(2−1) images, we employed two models, 3D-BAROLO and DISCFIT, to construct a disc model and fit its emission to the ALMA data. Additionally, we used photometric data to build a spectral energy distribution (SED) and apply the CIGALE code to derive key physical properties of the AGN and its host.

Results. Our analysis reveals a complex interplay within NGC 4593, including a clear rotational pattern, the influence of a non-axisymmetric bar potential, and a central molecular zone (CMZ)-like ring. We observe an outflow of CO(2−1) gas along the minor axis, at a distance of ∼220 pc from the nucleus. The total molecular gas mass is estimated to be 1 − 5 × 108 M⊙, with non-circular motions contributing 10%. Our SED analysis indicates an AGN fraction of 0.88 and a star formation rate (SFR) of 0.42 M⊙ yr−1.

Conclusions. These findings highlight the complex dynamics in the centre of NGC 4593, which are significantly influenced by the presence of the AGN. The overall physical properties of this system suggest that the AGN has a substantial impact on the evolution of NGC 4593.
Advanced classification of hot subdwarf binaries using artificial intelligence techniques and Gaia DR3 data
Authors: Viscasillas Vázquez C. , Solano E. , Ulla A. , Ambrosch M. , Álvarez M. A. , Manteiga M. , Magrini L. , Santoveña-Gómez R. , Dafonte C. , Pérez-Fernández E. , Aller A. , Drazdauskas A. , Mikolaitis Š. , Rodrigo C.
Published: October 2024

Context. Hot subdwarf stars are compact blue evolved objects, burning helium in their cores surrounded by a tiny hydrogen envelope. In the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram they are located by the blue end of the Horizontal Branch. Most models agree on a quite probable common envelope binary evolution scenario in the Red Giant phase. However, the current binarity rate for these objects is yet unsolved, but key, question in this field.

Aims. This study aims to develop a novel classification method for identifying hot subdwarf binaries within large datasets using Artificial Intelligence techniques and data from the third Gaia data release (GDR3). The results will be compared with those obtained previously using Virtual Observatory techniques on coincident samples.

Methods. The methods used for hot subdwarf binary classification include supervised and unsupervised machine learning techniques. Specifically, we have used Support Vector Machines (SVM) to classify 3084 hot subdwarf stars based on their colour-magnitude properties. Among these, 2815 objects have Gaia DR3 BP/RP spectra, which were classified using Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). In order to ensure spectral quality, previously to SOM and CNN classification, our 2815 BP/RP set were pre-analysed with two different approaches: the cosine similarity technique and the Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) technique. Additional analysis onto a golden sample of 88 well-defined objects, is also presented.

Results. The findings demonstrate a high agreement level (∼70–90%) with the classifications from the Virtual Observatory Sed Analyzer (VOSA) tool. This shows that the SVM, SOM, and CNN methods effectively classify sources with an accuracy comparable to human inspection or non-AI techniques. Notably, SVM in a radial basis function achieves 70.97% reproducibility for binary targets using photometry, and CNN reaches 84.94% for binary detection using spectroscopy. We also found that the single–binary differences are especially observable on the infrared flux in our Gaia DR3 BP/BR spectra, at wavelengths larger than ∼700 nm.

Conclusions. We find that all the methods used are in fairly good agreement and are particularly effective to discern between single and binary systems. The agreement is also consistent with the results previously obtained with VOSA. In global terms, considering all quality metrics, CNN is the method that provides the best accuracy. The methods also appear effective for detecting peculiarities in the spectra. While promising, challenges in dealing with uncertain compositions highlight the need for caution, suggesting further research is needed to refine techniques and enhance automated classification reliability, particularly for large-scale surveys.
CAVITY: Calar Alto Void Integral-field Treasury surveY
Authors: García-Benito Rubén , Jiménez Andoni , Sánchez-Menguiano Laura , Ruiz-Lara Tomás , Duarte Puertas Salvador , Domínguez-Gómez Jesús , Bidaran Bahar , Torres-Ríos Gloria , Argudo-Fernández María , Espada Daniel , Pérez Isabel , Verley Simon , Conrado Ana M. , Florido Estrella , Rodríguez Mónica I. , Zurita Almudena , Alcázar-Laynez Manuel , De Daniloff Simon B. , Lisenfeld Ute , van de Weygaert Rien , Courtois Hélène M. , Falcón-Barroso Jesús , Ferré-Mateu Anna , Galbany Lluís , González Delgado Rosa M. , del Moral-Castro Ignacio , Peletier Reynier F. , Román Javier , Sánchez Sebastián F. , Sánchez-Alarcón Pablo M. , Sánchez-Blázquez Patricia , Villalba-González Pedro , Azzaro Marco , Blazek Martín , Fernández Alba , Gallego Julia , Góngora Samuel , Guijarro Ana , de Guindos Enrique , Hermelo Israel , Hernández Ricardo , de Juan Enrique , Vico Linares José Ignacio
Published: October 2024

The Calar Alto Void Integral-field Treasury surveY (CAVITY) is a legacy project aimed at characterising the population of galaxies inhabiting voids, which are the most under-dense regions of the cosmic web, located in the Local Universe. This paper describes the first public data release (DR1) of CAVITY, comprising science-grade optical data cubes for the initial 100 out of a total of ~300 galaxies in the Local Universe (0.005 < z < 0.050). These data were acquired using the integral-field spectrograph PMAS/PPak mounted on the 3.5m telescope at the Calar Alto observatory. The DR1 galaxy sample encompasses diverse characteristics in the color-magnitude space, morphological type, stellar mass, and gas ionisation conditions, providing a rich resource for addressing key questions in galaxy evolution through spatially resolved spectroscopy. The galaxies in this study were observed with the low-resolution V500 set-up, spanning the wavelength range 3745-7500 Å, with a spectral resolution of 6.0 Å (FWHM). Here, we describe the data reduction and characteristics and data structure of the CAVITY datasets essential for their scientific utilisation, highlighting such concerns as vignetting effects, as well as the identification of bad pixels and management of spatially correlated noise. We also provide instructions for accessing the CAVITY datasets and associated ancillary data through the project’s dedicated database.
Photometric properties of classical bulge and pseudo-bulge galaxies at 0.5 ≤ z < 1.0
Authors: Hu Jia , Cui Qifan , Wang Lan , Pei Wenxiang , Ge Junqiang
Published: October 2024

Context. We compare the photometric properties and specific star formation rate (sSFR) of classical- and pseudo-bulge galaxies with M∗ ≥ 109.5 M⊙ at 0.5 ≤ z < 1.0, selected from all five CANDELS fields. We also compare these properties of bulge galaxies at lower redshift selected from MaNGA survey in previous work.

Aims. This paper aims to study the properties of galaxies with classical and pseudo-bulges at intermediate redshift, to compare the differences between different bulge types, and to understand the evolution of bulges with redshift.

Methods. Galaxies are classified into classical bulge and pseudo-bulge samples according to the Sérsic index n of the bulge component based on results of two-component decomposition of galaxies, as well as the position of bulges on the Kormendy diagram. For the 105 classical bulge and 86 pseudo-bulge galaxies selected, we compare their size, luminosity, and sSFR of various components.

Results. At a given stellar mass, most classical bulge galaxies have smaller effective radii, larger B/T, brighter and relatively larger bulges, and less active star formation than pseudo-bulge galaxies. In addition, the two types of galaxies have larger differences in sSFR at large radii than at the central region at both low- and mid-redshifts.

Conclusions. The differences between the properties of the two types of bulge galaxies are generally smaller at mid-redshift than at low-redshift, indicating that they are evolving to more distinct populations towards the local universe. Bulge type is correlated with the properties of their outer disks, and the correlation is already present at redshifts as high as 0.5 < z < 1.
The importance of visualizing plant life processes using modern tools
Authors: Djabbarov Botirjon , Lutfillayev Makhmud , Kudratov Jasur
Published: October 2024

The article provides information on the possibilities of practical application of visual animation materials based on the stages and mechanisms of vital processes occurring in the life of plants. Conceptualization of reproduction, growth and development of plants is important in understanding these processes. In the study, visualization models of processes were developed using modern software tools on the example of bottom and high plants. These models can serve as additional tools for students, researchers and scientists in their research related to the life processes of plants.
Machine learning in environmental monitoring: The case of water potability prediction
Authors: Orlov Vasiliy , Kukartsev Anatoliy , Panfilov Ilya , Kozlova Anastasia , Boyko Andrey
Published: October 2024

Ensuring the quality of drinking water is a critical public health issue, especially in the face of increasing industrial pollution and climate change. This study explores the application of machine learning techniques, specifically XGBoost, to predict water potability based on physical and chemical parameters. Initial experiments with a baseline XGBoost model demonstrated moderate success in classification, with particular difficulty in accurately identifying potable water, which is often underrepresented in the dataset.To address this challenge, the SMOTE technique was applied to balance the dataset, resulting in improved recall for the potable water class. Additionally, hyperparameter optimization via RandomizedSearchCV further enhanced the model’s performance, albeit modestly. Reducing the model’s complexity by selecting the most significant features led to a more efficient model with reduced computational overhead, while maintaining comparable accuracy.The findings of this study indicate that an optimized XGBoost model, supported by data preprocessing and feature selection, can be effectively integrated into automated water quality monitoring systems. Such a system would enable real-time detection of water quality deviations, facilitating prompt corrective actions to protect public health. This approach not only demonstrates the applicability of machine learning in environmental monitoring but also highlights the potential for broader application in resource management and public safety.
Technical methods of improving the biomechanics of feet in people with diabetes
Authors: Koreyba K.A. , Gatina L.N. , Koreiba D.K.
Published: October 2024

This article discusses the role of orthoses in correcting biomechanics for patients with diabetic foot syndrome. It also analyzes literature on the use of specialized orthopedic shoes to address biomechanical foot issues and complicated forms of diabetes mellitus. Today, the general requirements for designing orthopedic shoes for patients with diabetes are described: a stiff sole with an artificial cushion; a suitable volume, a wide sole, an insole without a memory function; a thermally changeable elastic material; a minimum number of seams in the lining; an elastic upper and lining material in the toe area of the shoe; an increased fullness and additional volume in the toe region of the shoe, an angle of the bevel at the toe end of the sole, and the ability to adjust the interior volume of the shoe by using a hard heel that is stabilized with additional softness from the lining, as well as a smooth, non-traumatic upper. Indications for orthopedic unloading in patients with diabetic foot syndrome are highlighted.There is a negative approach towards conservative methods of treating patients with diabetic feet, but amputation in these cases cannot be considered a positive outcome of treatment. Nearly 70 to 90 percent of ulcers in this patient group heal without amputation. Techniques using specially designed shoes are less expensive and more cost-effective than limb loss. The use of orthotic shoes in diabetic foot patients serves as a method of both correction and rehabilitation.
Ecological innovations in the development of sustainable tourism
Authors: Tumenova Svetlana , Batov Gumar
Published: October 2024

In a situation of a significant increase in risks and restrictions imposed by the action of homeostatic mechanisms of the biosphere, without taking into account the environmental imperatives of development, it will not be possible to prevent irreversible anthropogenic changes in natural complexes. For the tourism sector of the economy, for which the high quality of the natural environment is vital, the problem of stimulating innovations in the field of rationalization of nature management and resource conservation is particularly relevant. The development of sustainable tourism involves the integration of environmental, economic and social principles of managing biological and physical ecosystems in such a way as to protect environmental sustainability, biological diversity and environmental productivity. It is environmental innovations in tourism that play a significant role in increasing the efficiency of using natural ecosystems, preserving the wealth of natural heritage and biological diversity. The aim of the work was to study the potential, conditions, key factors for the practical implementation of environmental innovations in the tourism industry, as well as the development of mechanisms for the implementation of state policy aimed at transforming tourism activities on ESG principles. The scientific novelty of the work consists in identifying current priorities and measures for integrating environmental and innovation policies in relation to the tasks of ensuring sustainable tourism development by using the benefits of their joint implementation.
Nuclear energy and international relations: the external strategy of Russia’s Rosatom
Authors: Siddi Marco , Silvan Kristiina
Published: October 2024

This article analyses the role of nuclear energy in global politics today through the perspective of three International Relations theories: realism, liberalism and dependency theory. It contends that concepts developed to investigate oil and gas geopolitics do not always apply to the nuclear sector due to its greater complexity. The supply chain for nuclear power involves different, interrelated stages—notably the provision of natural uranium, of enriched uranium, and the construction and servicing of nuclear reactors—which have distinct leading suppliers and relationships of dependence. We illustrate this through a case study of Russia’s state nuclear company Rosatom. Rosatom leads in the provision of enriched uranium and reactor construction. This enables Russia to deepen economic and political relations with Rosatom’s clients. Even after its attack on Ukraine, Russia has not ‘weaponized’ Rosatom’s international business. Its strategy focuses on consolidating its reputation as a trustworthy partner, especially in the Global South and China.
Three-dimensional finite element analysis of turbulent crude oil flow and solid particle deposition patterns in circular curved pipelines
Authors: Benyamine Mébirika , Fezzioui Naïma , Tehirichi Zahira , Alkhafaji Mohammed Ayad , Chambashi Gilbert , Kaid Noureddine , Menni Younes
Published: October 2024

This study presents a numerical investigation of turbulent crude oil flows in circular curved pipelines, with a focus on the deposition patterns of solid particles within the fluid. Simulations were conducted using the Reynolds–Averaged Navier–Stokes equations coupled with the k–ε turbulence model to examine the influence of structural characteristics, such as bend curvature angle and bend curvature radius, on flow dynamics and particle deposition. The results reveal that the complex flow patterns generated by these geometric features significantly affect pressure gradients and particle trajectories. Specifically, the study shows that turbulent flows within bends exhibit intricate behaviors, with deposition patterns being strongly influenced by the pipeline’s geometric parameters. Sand particles, commonly present in petroleum flows, are found to be more effectively transported in pipes with larger curvature angles, while they exhibit a higher propensity to settle at smaller curvature angles and larger bend curvature radii. Furthermore, the simulations indicate that the majority of deposited particles accumulate on the inner wall immediately downstream of the elbow entrance.
Free-swimming bacteria transcriptionally respond to shear flow
Authors: Ramachandran Ashwin , Stone Howard A. , Gitai Zemer
Published: October 2024

Surface-attached cells can sense and respond to shear flow, but planktonic (free-swimming) cells are typically assumed to be oblivious to any flow that carries them. Here, we find that planktonic bacteria can transcriptionally respond to flow, inducing expression changes that are beneficial in flow. Specifically, we use microfluidic experiments and quantitative modeling to show that in the presence of flow, planktonic
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
induce shear rate–dependent genes that promote growth in low-oxygen environments. Untangling this mechanism revealed that in flow, motile
P. aeruginosa
spatially redistribute, leading to cell density changes that activate quorum sensing, which in turn enhances the oxygen uptake rate. In diffusion-limited environments, including those commonly encountered by bacteria, flow-induced cell density gradients also independently generate oxygen gradients that alter gene expression. Mutants deficient in this flow-responsive mechanism exhibit decreased fitness in flow, suggesting that this dynamic coupling of biological and mechanical processes can be physiologically significant.
The origin of methyl group in methanogen-mediated mercury methylation: From the Wolfe cycle
Authors: Gao Jun , Yang Jingyi , Dong Hongzhe , Tao Shaoyang , Shi Jianbo , He Bin , Bian Xiqing , Wu Jian-lin , Yin Yongguang , Hu Ligang , Jiang Guibin
Published: October 2024

Methylmercury (MeHg) is a bioaccumulating neurotoxin mainly produced by anaerobic microorganisms, with methanogen being one of the important methylators. A critical aspect for understanding the mechanism for microbial mercury (Hg) methylation is the origin of the methyl group. However, the origin of methyl group in methanogen-mediated Hg methylation remains unclear. This study aims to identify the source of methyl group for MeHg synthesis in methanogens. Our study revealed that Hg methylation in
Methanospirillum hungatei
JF-1 is closely related to methanogenesis process, according to the results of proteomic study and substrate limitation study. Next, we proved that nearly all methyl group in MeHg derives from the Wolfe cycle in this species, rather than the previously demonstrated acetyl-coenzyme A pathway, based on the results of
13
C labeling study. We then proposed the Wolfe cycle–dependent Hg methylation mechanism in this species. Further genome analyses and
13
C labeling experiments indicated that the involvement of the Wolfe cycle in Hg methylation is probably a universal feature among Hg-methylating methanogens. These findings reveal a unique Hg methylation mechanism in methanogens. Our study broadens the carbon substrates and controlling factors for MeHg synthesis in the environment, which can inform the prediction of MeHg production potential and remediation strategies for MeHg contamination.
The temporalities of cultural transfer
Authors: Sandrock Kirsten
Published: October 2024

This chapter analyses forms and functions of cultural transfer in Robert Louis Stevenson’s Pacific travel
writings with a particular focus on the temporalities of cultural exchanges. It examines the multiple timeframes of cultural
transfer so as to open up a perspective on Stevenson’s works as negotiating not only the ambiguities of geographical but also
of time-based contact zones, where past, present and future meet. Such an exploration adds a temporal perspective to Mary
Louis Pratt’s term of the ‘contact zone’ insofar as it suggests that asymmetrical relationships cannot only arise out of
intercultural geographical spaces but can also result from inner-cultural encounters with different periods and times. Ghost
imagery and the narration of loss are part of the aesthetic repertoire Stevenson uses in his work to mediate the temporalities
of cultural contact zones. Together with other forms of cultural transfer, such as linguistic translation, the construal of
the traveller-narrator as intermediary figure and anthropological depictions of Pacific cultures, ghost images and tropes of
loss illustrate the complex chronotopical entanglements of cultural encounters that Stevenson negotiates in his Pacific
writings. Stevenson’s A Footnote to History (1892) and In
the South Seas (1896) offer rich resources for understanding the
temporal complexities of cultural transfer because, during his time in the Pacific, Stevenson was deeply occupied with the
multiple temporalities of cultures and cultural contact zones.
The narrative skills of Russian-Cypriot Greek children
Authors: Karpava Sviatlana
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the narrative skills of Russian-Cypriot Greek bilingual children, with a
focus on macro- and micro-structure, grammaticality, and disfluencies. The results show a correlation between the
rates of macro- and micro-structure measures, grammaticality, and disfluencies in the heritage language, Russian. Mode
of narration, age, and language proficiency affect the narrative production. The most prominent disfluency types are
repetitions, filled pauses, and lexical and grammatical revisions, which can be due to the activation of both
languages and cross-linguistic interference. The grammaticality analysis revealed that the most vulnerable domain for
bilingual children was in the functional categories. This research provides further evidence to Russian heritage
language research for early-stage language development, with a new societal majority language, Cypriot Greek.