bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SMEs Digital Transformation – Are We Ready?
Authors: Tišma Sanja , Ruk Andrea , Markanović Dragana , Tolić Iva
Published: February 2023

The paper presents the results of the analysis of the readiness of small and medium enterprises, VET providers, high education institutions and consultancy organizations towards digital and bionic transformation and ac­quisition of a “bionic status”. The purpose of the paper is to find out which key skills and knowledge are needed for employees in order to be ready for digital transformation. SMEs that were a part of the survey operate in different eco­nomic sectors in various countries of the European Union (Spain, Slovenia, Po­land, Croatia, Ukraine, Austria, Italy, Germany, Macedonia, Switzerland, Bel­gium, and Hungary). Other organisations such as public bodies, non-govern­mental organisations (NGOs), universities and technological centres also par­ticipated in the survey on digital competences. Key conclusions of the analy­sis indicate that almost all participants are familiar with the need for digital transformation, but that knowledge about 4.0 technologies is still lacking. The most significant knowledge is in robotics, 3D printing and Cloud Services, big data, and IoT. Blockchain and artificial intelligence are considered less impor­tant for digital transformation. However, a strong need for further education and training in all of these areas was expressed.
Contribution of the Institutions of the Regional Political System to the Preservation of the Level and Quality of Life of the Population in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic (The Case Study of the Trans-Baikal Territory)
Authors: Matafonova Yulia , Gordeeva Tatyana
Published: February 2023

The study of the activities of regional authorities to preserve the level and quality of life of the population in the context of the COVID-19 pan­demic acquires scientific value due to the special conditions in which the re­gional community and the regional political institutions were placed. The article analyzes the impact of the conditions of the COVID-19 pandem­ic on the activities of the institutions of the regional political system to pre­serve the level and quality of life of the population within a particular sub­ject of the Russian Federation – the Trans-Baikal Territory. As the main re­search method, a dichotomous assessment of the data obtained as a result of an expert survey in the fall of 2021 is used. The experts were the heads and specialists of the public authorities of the region and local authorities. The contribution of the institutions of the regional political system to the preservation of the level and quality of life of the population is considered through the categories of “social efficiency” and “level of administration”. As a result of the study, we defined the pandemic has a negative impact on the functioning of the institutions of the regional political system in the field of maintaining the level and quality of life of the population. The revealed trends do not allow us to consider the regional political system sufficiently effective and capable of providing the basic conditions for the sustainable development of the region.
The Role of Women in Founding Top Startups Worldwide
Authors: Giusepponi Katia , Tavoletti Ernesto
Published: February 2023

The work investigates the role of women as co-founders of glob­ally successful startups, particularly their impact on the company’s mis­sion and vision. The authors’ initial research on entrepreneurial and or­ganizational profiles in top startups worldwide underlined that the pres­ence of women as co-founders of globally successful startups is very limit­ed (Giusepponi, Tavoletti & Tosi, 2019). The study presented here highlights that a female presence in the founding team supports the sharing of the vi­sion and the effectiveness of the mission, and these elements are reflected in the organizational culture, specifically in the sense of corporate belong­ing and cohesion. This study is based on secondary sources derived from ad­vanced analyses in terms of connections between variables within the start­ups studied. From an advancement perspective, the research could be deep­ened by studying other impact profiles and, considering that it is here lim­ited to 109 top global startups, extended to other entrepreneurial realities.
Financial Literacy of People Gaining Economic Education in the Context of Acquired Practical Experience
Authors: Polák Josef , Kozubíková Zuzana , Kozubík Aleš
Published: February 2023

Financial literacy affects numerous economic decisions of peo­ple on a daily basis, as well as the strategic financial management of corpo­rations. In several previous studies, the authors confirmed a significant dif­ference in the level of financial literacy between full-time and combined stu­dents. Based on these results, they hypothesized that practical experience has a positive effect on the level of financial literacy, but this needed to be verified. Therefore, a new survey was conducted with an extended version of the questionnaire with questions specifically related to the practical use of financial products and services. Students of economics who have access to education that supports the growth of financial literacy were interviewed. However, the distribution of the examined groups was not determined by age, a form of study and other common aspects, but the divider was in form of the experience gained, which provided a unique approach using an ad­equate statistical set of respondents. The results from primary research showed differences in knowledge and the way of solving tasks in the moni­tored groups of respondents. Using statistical analysis methods and hypoth­esis tests, the authors’ hypothesis was confirmed and it was shown that stu­dents using a wider range of services performed better. It provides usable in­terdisciplinary outputs for HRM, applied psychology, pedagogy and finan­cial management. The level of financial literacy was tested by the personal finance index which is an innovative metric that analyses knowledge from the eight functional areas of financial literacy. Given that the research sam­ple was drawn from a group of people studying financial management and entrepreneurship subjects, it was also confirmed that theoretical knowledge alone is not sufficient to significantly enhance financial literacy. Thus, the ir­replaceability of practical experience for enhancing the level of financial lit­eracy was demonstrated.
Virtual vs. Live Conferences: Measuring the Participants Memorable Conference Experience
Authors: Rašan Dora , Laškarin Ažić Marina
Published: February 2023

Due to Croatian government measures to prevent the spread of COVID – 19, Croatian citizens have been in several lockdowns, which caus­ally affected the normal function of society as a whole. One of the most common consequences of such restrictions was the reduction in social con­tacts and reliance on virtual contacts in the online environment. The scien­tific community and any other sphere of business had to change its process­es, particularly in organizing conferences. Virtual conferences from “rescue solution” became “pleasant with the useful solution” for organizing commit­tees but also for participants. The purpose of this study is to detect the dif­ferences in the memorable experiences of participants concerning different quality elements in virtual and online environments. Furthermore, the aim is to detect predictors of behavioural intentions for both virtual and live con­ferences. For the purpose of this research, the authors have created a ques­tionnaire, which was distributed online and onsite. The T-test and regression analysis were conducted on a sample of 256 respondents. Results confirmed significant differences between virtual and live conferences in ten variables. Furthermore, regression results revealed that only “Memorable experience” is the common predictor for both virtual and live conferences.
دور اللغة الملايوية الوطنية في التعددية اللسانية بماليزيا وأبعادها الإسلامية (The role of the national Malay language in Malaysia's linguistic pluralism and its Islamic Dimensions)
Authors: شحادة علي عاصم
Published: February 2023

تعد اللغة الوسيلة المؤثرة في تشكيل السلوكيات الفردية والجماعية للطوائف المتعددة في مجتمع ما، ولذلك نجد أن اللغة الوطنية بماليزيا تؤدي دورا حيويا في عملية الاتصال بين هذه الطوائف المتنوعة كطائفة الملايو (وهم أهل البلد الأصليين)، وطائفة الصينيين، وطائفة الهنود (التاميل)، وكذلك تؤدي اللغة الوطنية دورا مهما في الوحدة الوطنية بين الطوائف من أجل تحقيق شعار (ماليزيا واحدة) الذي تبنته الحكومة الماليزية في كل المجالات ومنها اللغة، وتستخدم هذه اللغة في المعاملات الرسمية في المؤسسات الحكومية، والشركات المحلية والوزارات المختلفة، والتواصل بين أفراد المجنمع الماليزي المتعدد الطوائف. في ضوء هذا سوف تقوم الدراسة بتتبع أوضاع اللغة الملايوية قبل الاستعمار البريطاني وبعد استقلال ماليزيا عام 1957م، والبحث عن اللغات المتداولة في المجتمع الماليزي كالصينية والتاميلية وغيرها كاللغة العربية عبر برنامج (جي قاف) وتطبيقه في المدارس الحكومية لتحقيق الوحدة بين الملايو أنفسهم، وبيان استخدام اللغة الملايوية في المدارس الحكومية الوطنية وفي المؤسسات التعليمية، والصعوبات التي واجهت اللغة الملايوية بوصفها لغة رسمية في المعاملات،  وتحمل اللغة الملايوية الأبعاد الإسلامية، وتتبع عمليات تحسين أوضاع اللغة الملايوية بين الماليزيين على اختلاف طوائفهم، والإجراءات التي اتخذت لجعل الملايوية لغة وطنية جامعة سياسيا واجتماعيا في مجتمع التعددية اللسانية كماليزيا.
.الكلمات المفتاحية: اللغة الماليزية، تعليم الملايوية،  تطور التعليم، اللغات المستعملة
Abstract
Language has its influence in forming the individual and collective behaviours of communities in a society. The national language in Malaysia plays a vital role in the communication process between a community of Malays (who are the country's indigenous population), Chinese, and Indian (Tamil). The national language plays an important role in the national unity between the communities to achieve the slogan (One Malaysia), which was adopted by the Malaysian government in many aspects including the language. This Malay Language is used in official transactions in government institutions, local companies, the various ministries, and as a communication between multi-ethnic society of Malaysian. In light of this, the study will track the situation of Malay language before the British colonial rule and after the independence of Malaysia in 1957. It will search about the languages ​​spoken in Malaysian society, as Chinese, TTamil, and other languages such as Arabic which is taught through the (j-QAF) programme in government schools. The study will talk about the situation of the Malay language; the difficulties faced in using Malay as official language, and theIslamic dimensions and identity that it bears as well as the steps taken to improve the use of Malay language between Malaysian people to unite between them politically and socially in the community of multi-lingual such as Malaysia.
Keywords: The Malaysian language, Malay education, The development of education, The languages used.
Rethinking Consociationalism and Coalition Politics in Malaysia
Authors: Abdulwahed Jalal Nori
Published: February 2023

National unity and integration are among the most critical problems that we have faced and continue to face in Malaysia. The central concern is not the differences that exist in societies per se but the nature of the relationships among people characterised by distinct ethnicities, religions and socioeconomic classes and multiple identities, living within the nation. These relationships range from harmonious and functional to acrimonious and dysfunctional. In general, legal approaches are commonly used in order to regulate the behaviour of groups towards each other.  Many countries have constitutional provisions or enact national laws and regulations that provide for equality and non-discrimination or to protect the rights of certain groups. Various other measures are also taken. While necessary, legal approaches are limited in what they can achieve. They define some of the boundaries that may not be crossed but do not remove negative worldviews, attitudes and beliefs that motivate hatred animosity and unfriendly actions among groups. Could it be said that national unity and integration means the creation of a mental state and elimination in which everyone will place "national interest well above communal, religious, linguistic or local interests". This is only possible when each group feels that they will get a square deal and have no fear of domination by others. Such a mental climate could be seen to prevail when intolerance, fear and inferiority complex are minimised or eliminated. Creating such a mental climate also largely depends on the relationships among and behaviour of the political leaders in the society. Therefore, it is important to start examine and analyse (1) The current state of play – what are we doing right and wrong?; (2) What do we want to see in an integrated and united Malaysia?; and (3) How do we craft a Malaysian ethos of unity and cohesiveness?
The Essence of Shariah Enforcement and Its Necessity for Human Prosperity: An Analysis of Sayyid Abu ‘Alᾱ Mawdūdī
Authors: Issah Abeebllahi Obalowu  , Abdul Rahim Adibah
Published: February 2023

This paper aims at analysing the necessity and inevitability of Islamic governance based on Shariah enforcement for the prosperity and wellbeing of mankind. So, the concept of Shariah enforcement, its essential principles, and the current situations of the people regarding the application of Shariah are addressed based on the perspectives of Sayyid Abu ‘Alᾱ Mawdūdī. The major objective of the paper is to demonstrate the value of Islamic law and its capability to solve human problems. It also aims to illustrate the essence of Shariah enforcement and its significance in providing for human needs. Since the paper is theoretical in nature, it is purely based on library research by adopting the qualitative method. The inductive approach is used to explore al-Mawdūdī’s arguments and discourse about the topic, meanwhile, the analytical approach is employed for the explanation of the arguments. The study reveals that the concept of Shariah enforcement is beyond the narrow perception that limits it to the mere enactment and enforcement of the Islamic penal code, but it also entails the total adherence to the rules of Allah in the entire political, social, and economic systems.
Analysis of safety regulations for mechanized spraying of agricultural crops
Authors: Tymochko V. , Horodetskyy I. , Berezovetskyi A. , Voinalovych O. , Visyn O.
Published: February 2023

Today, there is a trend of intensive growth of chemical protection of plants by pesticides, potentially hazardous to the environment and humans. Accordingly, the risks of poisoning and occupational diseases associated with the use of pesticides in agricultural production are increasing. In Ukraine, a number of laws and regulations on safety regulations have been adopted to regulate legal relations associated with the use of pesticides in agricultural production. State sanitary rules DSP 8.8.1.2.001-98 are the basic normative document, regulating the requirements to transportation, storage and use of pesticides in production. The standards are being developed and approved for more than a quarter of a century, are out-of-date and do not take into account the peculiarities of new technologies. Therefore, taking into account modern requirements of hygienic rationing and new data on toxicological properties of pesticides, the need to harmonize domestic regulations with the requirements of the European Community is growing. Some existing regulations need revision and modernisation. Recommendations for use of personal protective equipment at spraying are analyzed according to DSP 8.8.1.2.001-98 and the safety data sheet of fungicide Akanto® Plus by DuPont International Operations CH-1218 Le Grand Saconnex/GE. Switzerland, designed in accordance with Regulation (EC) No.1907/2006 as amended. Analysis of safety equipment, namely eye and respiratory protection, showed that application of DSP 8.8.1.2.001-98 recommendations for workers of chemical spraying operations is contradictory, which can create hazardous working conditions. For some types of work it is too high requirements, which are difficult to fulfill in real field conditions. Therefore, in Ukraine, the need arose to revise the current regulations and harmonize them with European standards in terms of safety requirements for transportation, storage and use of pesticides.
RESEARCH OF GRAVITY SEPARATOR OF RAPESEE
Authors: Bogomolov O. , Braginets M. , Khmelovskyi V. , Bogomolov O.
Published: February 2023

Rapeseed contains up to 40…49% oil, 21…33% protein, 6…7% fiber. Rapeseed oil is used in the production of fats and margarine, as well as in the metallurgical, paint, soap, textile industries. Insufficient study of the process of purification of rapeseed seeds constrains its prevalence in Ukraine. Recently, the purification of rapeseed from difficult-to-separate weeds and impurities is carried out by hitting the reflective surface using the elastic properties of the seeds. The cleaning machines used a single blow and have a low separation quality. The construction of the gravitational multilevel separator of rapeseed is considered in the work and its parameters with the possibility of repeated blows of heap particles with reflective surfaces are substantiated. Based on the analysis of experimental studies of the elastic characteristics of rapeseed and impurities, the rational height of the fall of the seed heap, which is in the range of 0,2…0,4 m, was determined. Theoretical calculations allowed to determine the flight lengths of particles with repeated rebounds from the impact surface and made it possible to justify the dimensions of the impact deck in the transverse direction 0,2 m and – 1,5 m in the longitudinal. As a result of the production tests it was found that the most acceptable initial speed is Vo = 2 m/s, and the angle of inclination of the deck α = 300 . The production conditions of the separator proved that when the rapeseed seed heap is clogged up to 15%, the yield of the purified fraction is 68% of the seeds of the first class.
Directions for enhancing methodology of assessing risks of economic activity of motor transport enterprise
Authors: Zagurskiy O.
Published: February 2023

The article reviews advanced methods for determining the riskiness of the enterprise. The authors' approach to assess the risk of economic activity of motor transport enterprises in conditions of uncertainty, characterized by a clear and balanced group of factors, manifested in indicative indices, reflecting the impact of domestic and external environment on the level of riskiness of economic activity of a MTE is proposed. The methodology of a comprehensive indicator of the risk of MTE has been improved. Proceeding from the generalizations, there have been formed conclusions and practical recommendations for evaluating the risk of economic activity of a motor transport enterprise.
SYNERGETICS OF INTERACTIVE INDICATORS OF RESOURCE EFFICIENCY OF SOWING ACCURACY OF MAIN TECHNICAL CULTURES WITH DEVICE WITH DISPENSER OF DIRECTED DIRECTION
Authors: Popyk P.
Published: February 2023

One of the most problematic places in the agroindustrial complex (AIC) is the systematic implementation of resource saving, in particular in agricultural engineering. To overcome this problem, the author proposed a scheme for selecting a resource-saving project in order to assess the effectiveness of resource-saving technologies. The author set the task to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of resource-saving measures in the complex of the first sphere of agriculture. To detail the goal, the task was set to test the resource-saving project selection scheme and determine the effectiveness of resource-saving measures. As a result, the model of multi-criteria substantiation of increasing the resource saving of agro-industrial enterprises was evaluated as adequate for assessing the efficiency of production and the level of resource saving. The economic efficiency of the resource-saving technology of sowing row crops by the seeding apparatus with a directional metering device has been calculated. Average annual gain of profit after introducing an improved seeder for the main commercial crops (corn, sunflower, soybean, sugar beet) amounts to 1216.45 c.u. per one hectare. By the example of sowing one of the crops of the greatest economic effect gives corn - 1,6 million c.u. per year, the least - sunflower (266 thousand c.u.). At the same time, the prototype showed itself best when sowing soybeans, reducing losses in value terms by 98%.
قلق المستقبل المهني وعلاقته بالمسؤولية الاجتماعية لدى الطلبة المتوقع تخرجهم في جامعة مؤتة
Authors: أبو حمور روان جمال , السفاسفة محمد إبراهيم
Published: February 2023

هدف البحث الكشف عن مستوى قلق المستقبل المهني وعلاقته بالمسؤولية الاجتماعية لدى الطلبة المتوقع تخرجهم في جامعة مؤتة. على عينة تكونت من (150) طالبًا وطالبة من الطلبة المتوقع تخرجهم، ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة تم تطوير مقياسين الأول لقياس قلق المستقبل المهني، والثاني لقياس المسؤولية المجتمعية من إعداد الباحث بعد أن تم التأكد من صدقهما وثباتهما، وأشارت نتائج الدراسة أن المتوسطات الحسابية لمقياس قلق المستقبل المهني كان بمستوى متوسط وأن المتوسطات الحسابية لمقياس المسؤولية المجتمعية جاء بمستوى متوسط، كما أظهرت النتائج وجود علاقة ارتباطية طردية ضعيفة جدًا بين مقياس قلق المستقبل المهني ومقياس المسؤولية المجتمعية، وعدم وجود فروق دالة إحصائيًا على مقياس قلق المستقبل المهني والمسؤولية الاجتماعية يعزى لمتغير الجنس والكلية، وفي ضوء هذه النتائج أوصت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من التوصيات أهمها: ضرورة وضع البرامج لتوجيه الطلبة الخريجين قبل تخرجهم وإرشادهم وتعريفهم بفرص العمل وإمكاناتهم، وذلك لتقليل تعرضهم لحالات قلق المستقبل المهني. وضرورة توعية الطلبة الخريجين بتحديد مسؤولياتهم الاجتماعية تجاه أسرهم وتجاه المجتمع، من خلال عقد الدورات التدريبية والمحاضرات.
فاعلية أنموذج التعلم التوليدي في تنمية مهارات التفكير الناقد لدى طالبات مادة تخريج الأحاديث ودراسة الأسانيد في كلية الشريعة بالجامعة الأردنية
Authors: العدوان ليندا أحمد , الرواضية صالح محمد
Published: February 2023

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى الكشف عن فاعلية أنموذج التعلم التوليدي في تنمية مهارات التفكير الناقد لدى طالبات مادة تخريج الأحاديث ودراسة الأسانيد في كلية الشريعة بالجامعة الأردنية، وتكون أفراد الدراسة من (45) طالبة، وتم تعيين مجموعتي الدراسة (التجريبية والضابطة) بالطريقة العشوائية في مادة تخريج الأحاديث ودراسة الأسانيد، حيث تكونت شعبة المجموعة التجريبية من (22) طالبة، وتكونت شعبة المجموعة الضابطة من (23) طالبة. ولتحقيق هدف الدراسة تم إعداد مقياس مهارات التفكير الناقد وتم التحقق من صدقه وثباته بالإجراءات العلمية المناسبة. وللإجابة عن سؤال الدراسة تم استخدام المتوسطات الحسابية والانحرافات المعيارية، وتحليل التباين المشترك (MANCOVA) لفحص دلالة الفروق الإحصائية، ومربع إيتا (Eta Square) لقياس حجم أثر المتغير التجريبي. وقد أظهرت نتائج الدراسة تفوق المجموعة التجريبية على المجموعة الضابطة في التطبيق البعدي على مقياس مهارات التفكير الناقد، وفي ضوء ما توصل إليه الباحثان من نتائج قدمت عددًا من التوصيات ذات العلاقة.
KOMPARASI BEBERAPA ASPEK PRAKTIK PASAR MODAL SYARI’AH DAN KONVENSIONAL DI INDONESIA
Authors: El Wafa Faqih
Published: February 2023

Pasar modal merupakan suatu sarana bagi masyarakat untuk berinvestasi. Pada perkembangannya pasar modal tidak hanya menjalankan sistem secara “konvensional”, namun juga secara syariah. Sejalan dengan banyaknya jumlah populasi penduduk di Indonesia yang beragama Islam. Tulisan ini mencoba menjelaskan apa yang menjadi perbedaan dari pasar modal syariah dengan pasar modal konvensional yang dilakukan dengan studi literatur khususnya peraturan perundang undangan termasuk Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional. Adapun hasil yang didapatkan dari beberapa literatur, perbedaan antara pasar modal syariah dan konvensional terdapat pada beberapa aspek, yaitu indeks saham, instrumen dan mekanisme transaksi.
Analisis Konsep Hak dan Kewajiban Outsoursing dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Syariah
Authors: Budi Iman Setya , Syantoso Arie
Published: February 2023

Abstrak
Global economic consequences of the military-political crisis in Ukraine
Authors:   State University of Trade and Economics, NEZHYVA Mariia , MYSIUK Viktoriia ,   State University of Trade and Economics
Published: February 2023

Introduction. Economic growth will slow down significantly. The global industrial sector will be affected by worsening economic forecasts and sharp changes in energy prices. However, global supply chain issues are expected to ease, helping to ease the global manufacturing sector. Problem. Companies will face a volatile and challenging business environment given the various economic challenges. High inflation and economic instability will hold back consumer spending. The aim of the article is to install the impact of the global economic environment on economies, cities, businesses, and consumers. Methods. The methodological basis is general and special methods, including systematic approach, statistical and economic-logical methods. Results. In 2022, the world economy experienced another serious shock – Russia's large-scale invasion of Ukraine. In addition to the global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the war has led to severe disruptions in energy and food supplies, causing a global spike in inflation. This has led not only to a worsening of the outlook, with global real GDP growth expected to slow, but also to an entirely new economic reality that businesses and consumers will face, characterized by a host of challenges, risks, and crises that will lead to uncertainty. Conclusions. The war in Ukraine and broader geopolitical tensions pose a key risk to economic growth in 2023. The world economy is facing a new reality amid conflict, high inflation, and rising interest rates; the labor market remains tight; pressure on commodity prices will ease, but risks of increased volatility and supply disruptions remain; global supply chains are expected to recover in 2023 despite existing risks.
desafio de gerir as redes sociais de uma instituição educacional na pandemia: a opção pelo estreitamento de laços implantada pelo Instituto de Arte e Comunicação Social da Universidade Federal Fluminense
Authors: Souza Flávia
Published: February 2023

Este artigo reflete os resultados de pesquisa desenvolvida desde 2016 sobre a importâncias das plataformas digitais na construção de imagem, quando as redes e o site do Instituto de Arte e Comunicação Social (IACS) da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) foram reformulados, a partir de um planejamento criado nas turmas de graduação das aulas de Oficina de Comunicação Institucional, disciplina obrigatória do curso de Jornalismo. Este planejamento foi seguido até fevereiro de 2020, quando, em função da pandemia, a comunicação organizacional da instituição precisou ser revista e reestruturada de forma emergencial, para conseguir eficácia e chegar a seus públicos, a partir da ausência total das estruturas presenciais para o funcionamento da instituição, que ocorrera de forma súbita. O recorte dos dados apresentados neste artigo contempla dois anos completos, tendo como marco temporal o mês de março de 2022, quando o IACS foi reaberto, encerrando o ciclo de funcionamento totalmente remoto. A hipótese apresentada aqui é de que a mudança de estratégia adotada a partir do início da pandemia fortaleceu a comunicação institucional nas redes e favoreceu os processos de comunicação organizacional a partir das plataformas digitais.
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion versus posterior decompression in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sattari Shahab Aldin , Ghanavatian Mohamad , Feghali James , Rincon-Torroella Jordina , Yang Wuyang , Xu Risheng , Bydon Ali , Witham Timothy , Belzberg Allan , Theodore Nicholas , Lubelski Daniel
Published: February 2023

OBJECTIVE

The optimal surgical approach for patients with multilevel degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) remains unknown. This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to compare anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) versus posterior decompression (PD) in patients with DCM spanning ≥ 2 levels without ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament.

METHODS

MEDLINE and PubMed were searched from inception to February 22, 2022. The primary outcomes were Neck Disability Index (NDI), SF-36 Physical Component Summary (PCS), modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) scale, visual analog scale (VAS), and EQ-5D scores. Secondary outcomes were operative bleeding, operative duration, hospital length of stay (LOS), postoperative morbidity (including hematoma, surgical site infection [SSI], CSF leakage, dysphagia, dysphonia, C5 palsy, and fusion failure), mortality, readmission, reoperation, and Cobb angle.

RESULTS

Nineteen studies comprising 8340 patients were included, of whom 4118 (49.4%) and 4222 (50.6%) underwent ACDF and PD, respectively. The mean number of involved spinal levels was comparable between the groups (3.1 vs 3.5, p = 0.15). The mean differences (MDs) of the primary outcomes were the mean of each index in the ACDF group minus that of the PD group. At the 1-year follow-up, the MDs of the NDI (−1.67 [95% CI −3.51 to 0.18], p = 0.08), SF-36 PCS (2.48 [95% CI −0.59 to 5.55], p = 0.11), and VAS (−0.32 [95% CI −0.97 to 0.34], p = 0.35) scores were similar between the groups. While the MDs of the mJOA (0.71 [95% CI 0.27 to 1.16], p = 0.002) and EQ-5D (0.04 [95% CI 0.01 to 0.08], p = 0.02) scores were greater in the ACDF group, the differences were not clinically significant given the minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) of 2 and 0.05 points, respectively. In the ACDF group, the MDs for operative bleeding (−102.77 ml [95% CI −169.23 to −36.30 ml], p = 0.002) and LOS (−1.42 days [95% CI −2.01 to −0.82 days], p < 0.00001) were lower, the dysphagia OR (11.10 [95% CI 5.43–22.67], p < 0.0001) was higher, and the ORs for SSI (0.43 [95% CI 0.24–0.78], p = 0.006) and C5 palsy (0.32 [95% CI 0.15–0.70], p = 0.004) were lower. The other outcomes were similar between the groups. Overall evidence according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations) approach was moderate.

CONCLUSIONS

ACDF and PD are similar regarding functional outcomes. ACDF is beneficial in terms of less bleeding, shorter LOS, and lower odds of SSI and C5 palsy, while the procedure carries higher odds of dysphagia. The authors recommend individualized treatment decision-making.
Menstrual Irregularities in Adolescent Girls and Correlation with the Extent of Exposure to Plastics: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Yadav Suman , Ahamad Irsad , Bhatia Smita , Devi M. Gouri , Singh Rita
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Menstrual irregularities in adolescent girls are rapidly increasing worldwide. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as plastics including Bisphenol A (BPA), Phthalates and Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are potential environmental toxins contributing to hormonal imbalance and irregular menstrual cycles. Aim/Objectives: We examined the association between plastic usage and menstrual cycle characteristics among Adolescent girls aged 15–19 years who were participating in a questionnaire-based cohort study under the program on reproductive health awareness in adolescent girls. Materials and Methods: A case-control study of 360 girls was conducted in 2016 and 2019 in a school in Rajasthan, India. We used self-reported information through a questionnaire to assess the association of irregular menstrual cycles (≤25 days and ≥35 days) with extent of plastic usage categorized here as medium and high. Results: The study cohort had a high prevalence of irregular menstrual cycles (40.8%). Heavy plastic exposures increased the chances of getting irregular periods significantly. Girls with irregular menstrual cycles had more prevalence of hair fall, acne, acanthosis nigricans, and abnormal hair growth/hirsutism. Girls with family history of diabetes and CVD were more susceptible to develop irregular menstrual after heavy usage of plastics. Both medium and high exposures to plastics were associated with abnormal hair growth/hirsutism (p <0.026) indicating a role of androgen imbalance in these girls. Most girls with irregular cycles had no history of obesity or diabetes and CVD, indicating the association of plastics use with menstrual irregularities in adolescent girls. Conclusion: These results suggest that exposure to plastics increases the chances of having irregular menstrual cycle and the characteristics of PCOS. Due to its endocrine disruptive actions, plastics may influence neuroendocrine functions during the preadolescent period and cause imbalance in the levels of endogenous hormones essential for optimal menstrual function.
English Pronunciation by Korean EFL Learners on Hilokal Language Educational Application
Authors: Cahyaningrum Aulya
Published: February 2023

English is being learned for several purposes by people globally embody some different accents; therefore, this study analyse the English pronunciation by Korean learners on English learning application classes since Korea is still having lack of perfect English standard pronunciation with its identity of developed industry country. Consequently, this study aims to investigates Korean-English phenomenon on Hilokal application as most English learners there by comparing the differences between original English sounds and Korean using descriptive qualitative from the audio recordings has been collected. The result shows that all 7 Korean learners (age range of 20-35) still produce some different sounds from the standard English ones noted as International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) because of the differences in the writing systems of the two languages and the alphabet of Korean itself. There are five places of articulations: labiodental, alveolar, post-alveolar, bilabial, and palatal seized from some processes such as replacement, addition, and omission in producing the word sounds. Furthermore, the dominant difference in sounds is in sound addition /ə/ or /ɪ/ with 27 items and 17 items from loan words. The implications of this study are fresh data focus on phonology analysis and can be useful in English teaching practice for foreign languages in order to have close resemblance English pronunciation to have more intelligibility with the standard patented.
OJUH DALAM PERTUNJUKAN BUKOBA CERITA PANGLIMA AWANG DI PASIR PANGARAIAN
Authors: Muslim Muslim , Juned Sulaiman , Zebua Edwar
Published: February 2023

Ojuh is an allure in the staging of bukoba even though it is not the main element in bukoba. It can be ascertained if the staging of bukoba is not a story that uses Ojuh, not interesting in the staging of bukoba. This research was structured with the aim of investigating and explaining ojuh in bukoba Panglima Awang story shows and explaining the symbolic meaning in Panglima Awang book bukoba story in Pasir Pangarain. This research used a descriptive qualitative method. To answer the problem formulation the researchers directly observed the staging of bukoba. To See the process of the Bukoba story Panglima Awang's performance. Direct observations with bukoba koba (speaker) is done. Researchers used interview techniques, recorded videos, and field notes in the process of collecting data. The participant in this study was Tuk Taslim a carpenter (speaker). The conclusions of the analysis of the meaning of this ojuh, which is something that is excessive, things that are delivered excessively, deliberately done, created in the context of creating trades in the book performance, through ways (techniques, skills, art) such as this is thing audience finally want to wateh this performance. Then, it turns out that ojuh in the kang Panglima Awang implies the meaning of leadership owned by Awang and Anggun Cik Suri. The beauty of Anggun Cik Suri has, the strength that Awang has.
Subjetividad y lazo social hoy. Conflicto, adicciones, atención psicosocial
Authors: Arango Arias Ana Lucía , Quintero Torres John Alexander , Gómez Gallego John James , García Manjarrés Judith Elena , Figueroa Vázquez Lizette , Moreno Camacho Manuel Alejandro
Published: February 2023

Este libro reúne trabajos derivados de investigaciones adelantadas por algunos de los miembros de la Red de Investigaciones en Subjetividad y Lazo Social. Se trata de seis escritos académicos, cinco de origen colombiano y uno de origen mexicano, que confluyen en su interés por dar lugar a la conversación y propiciar la reflexión sobre las categorías subjetivad y lazo social, y cómo ellas pueden pensarse desde la disciplina psicoanalítica. De hecho, el libro en sí es una de las maneras forjadas para articular el trabajo de la red, sostener los encuentros, avanzar en las discusiones y mantener el hilo de la discusión, tejiendo lazos cada vez más fructíferos entre nosotros, que esperamos también puedan exteriorizarse para que las preguntas sobre lo complejo de la subjetividad y el lazo social sigan circulando no solo entre los integrantes de la red, sino también en los diferentes lugares en que ella pueda ser acogida.
Falls in geriatric practice: state of the problem and ways to solve it (review of literature and current clinical recommendations)
Authors:   Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch Campus of the FSBEI FPE RMACPE MOH Russia, BEILINA N. I. , GAZIZOV R. M. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch Campus of the FSBEI FPE RMACPE MOH Russia, POZDNYAK A. O. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch Campus of the FSBEI FPE RMACPE MOH Russia
Published: February 2023

The organization of medical and social provision for the elderly and senile is an important task of the state. Working with geriatric patients is aimed at improving their quality of life, preventing their loss of autonomy and premature death. Anatomical and physiological features of elderly and senile people, age-associated conditions and diseases, polymorbidity and the use of drug therapy can lead to an increased number of falls and fractures among people of advanced age. Falls and related fractures reduce the quality of life, desocialize patients and can cause premature death. Therefore, when providing medical care, it is important to identify the risks of falls and correct the conditions that can lead to falls and fractures. The article provides an overview of the Russian and foreign literature, as well as current clinical recommendations for the prevention and diagnosis of falls.
Modern problems of adolescents’ health
Authors:   Russian Medical Academy for Continuous Professional Education, MALTSEV S. V. , MANSUROVA G. SH. ,   Kazan (Volga) Federal University
Published: February 2023

In the recent decades, negative trends in adolescents’ health are being marked. According to official statistics, the indices characterizing incidence in schoolchildren have significantly changed; the indices of mortality and disability remain alarming. The article discusses the problems of physical, neuro-mental, reproductive health of adolescents, ability to adapt to a complex of unfavorable impacts of family and social factors in this critical period of human development. Topical issues of medical provision at schools are considered.
Immunological status in children of the first year of life born as a result of assisted reproductive technologies
Authors:   Izhevsk State Medical Academy, MIKHEEVA E. M. , PENKINA N. I. ,   Izhevsk State Medical Academy
Published: February 2023

Studying the potential health risks for babies born using assisted reproductive technologies (ART) is important for public health. The purpose — to study the immunological status of children born using ART. Material and methods. A clinical and immunological examination of 82 children of the first year of life born with the use of ART was carried out, including 35 full-term and 47 premature babies. The comparison group consisted of children of the first year of life from spontaneous pregnancy, including 45 full-term and 46 premature babies. Results. Children of the first year of life born with the use of ART are characterized by a reduced resistance of the organism (p < 0.001). In most full-term infants conceived using ART, laboratory signs of secondary immunodeficiencies were established in the first year of life: pathology of the cellular immunity is represented by T- cell lymphopenia (p < 0.001), pathology of the humoral immunity — by dysimmunoglobulinemia (hypoimmunoglobulinemia A and G, hyperimmunoglobulinemia E), changes in the interferon status in the form of insufficient production of IFN-α (p = 0.023) and IFN-γ (p < 0.001). In premature infants conceived with ART, the characteristic immunological changes in the first year of life were: imbalance of the main populations of lymphocytes in the analysis of cellular immunity; the intensity of humoral immunity was expressed in a decrease in the concentration of IgA (p = 0.011) and IgG (p = 0.048), an increase in the content of IgM (p = 0.026); a reduced ability to produce immune IFN-α (p = 0.001) and IFN-γ (p = 0.021) was revealed. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate a high incidence of respiratory infections in the first year of life in children born with the use of ART, as well as violations of the cellular and humoral links of immunity, insufficiency of the interferon system.
Effect of the polymorphisms 894G/T and T786C of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene on the levels of their expression products — eNOS and NO in children with arterial hypertension
Authors:   Grodno State Medical University, LUKSHA A. V. , MAXIMOVICH N. A. ,   Grodno State Medical University, HARCHAKOVA V. V. ,   Grodno State Medical University, GULYAI I. E. ,   Grodno State Medical University, SHULIKA V. R. ,   Grodno State Medical University
Published: February 2023

The purpose — to study the effect of the polymorphic variants 894G/T and T786C of NOS3 gene of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene on the levels of their expression products — eNOS and NO in children with arterial hypertension. Material and methods. We examined 111 children, including 51 patients with arterial hypertension, 30 patients with high-normal blood pressure and 30 healthy children. The polymorphism of the study genes was studied using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Determination of plasma concentrations of eNOS was performed with enzyme immunoassay. NO metabolites, nitrateandnitrite (NOx) production were determined using the Griess reaction. Results. Among the children of the Grodno region, the homozygous GG genotype and the G-allele of the polymorphic locus 894G/T of the NOS3 gene and the heterozygous TC genotype and the T-allele of the T786C polymorphic variant of the NOS3 gene predominate. The presence of the T allele 894G/T of the NOS3 gene in children with arterial hypertension is associated with a decrease eNOS expression and NOx levels compared with T allele carriers among healthy children. Heterozygous genotype 786TC and allele C of T786C polymorphism of the NOS3 gene in children with arterial hypertension are characterized by a low level of NOx compared with healthy children.
Entrepreneurship education in the Tanzanian higher education institutes: The learning theories perspective
Authors: Tutuba Nicholaus
Published: February 2023

How can higher learning institutions in Tanzania impart entrepreneurship for employment creation? Entrepreneurship education cultivates innovative talents, which is a crucial driving force for future development. The innovation-driven development strategies place new demands on entrepreneurship education. However, most of the current research and discussion in this field focuses on the construction of teaching staff in the entrepreneurial education ecosystem, curriculum development, and whether entrepreneurship education can influence the intention of entrepreneurship. Based on the learning theories, the individual traits and environmental of learners greatly influence the realization of entrepreneurship education. In Tanzania, the growth of higher learning is significant with some challenges and obstacles towards producing quality students. Among these challenges, effective teaching is the major one, others being infrastructures, learning facilities, and sizes of classes (number of students in a course). This study describes some innovative teaching and learning techniques in the Tanzanian higher education environment which helps to develop an individual’s mindset, behavior, skills and capabilities. The entrepreneurship education should be applied to create value in a range of contexts and environments from the public sector, charities, universities and social enterprises to corporate organizations and new venture start-ups.
Relevance of Medical Ethics in Public Health: Case Study of Polio Eradication
Authors: John T Jacob , Dharmapalan Dhanya
Published: February 2023

Global Polio Eradication began in 1988, with a time target of 2000, but it remains unfinished in 2023. Since 2000, polio caused by vaccine-virus-turned wild-like has been paralyzing many children in several countries that still use the live attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV), according to the policy of Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI). We have detected a fundamental flaw in GPEI’s intervention tactics that began in 1988 with the exclusive use of OPV – which contravened the principles of medical ethics, namely beneficence, non-maleficence and justice – while a safe and highly efficacious alternative, the inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV), was already available. This flaw remained unrecognized as the common perception is that public health actions are ‘public good,’ hence outside the purview of medical ethics. We argue why medical ethics must apply to public health when a pharmaceutical substance is included in the intervention. Having identified unethical vaccine-choice as the root cause of both the failure to eradicate polio so far and causing widespread iatrogenic polio, it is imperative that the flawed policy is reversed at the earliest, for which we propose a way forward. We also advocate for financial compensation to be given to all individuals harmed by the unethical vaccine-policy of GPEI.
Challenges of Educational Support for Students with Disabilities during Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hawamdeh Mahmoud
Published: February 2023

Inclusive education is a system of education that is open to everyone and can accommodate students with disabilities (SWD). SWD are disproportionately affected by school cancellations and the shift to remote learning, according to activists for persons with disabilities, teachers, parents, and policymakers during the pandemic. For students with disabilities, the study explores the availability of remote instruction, counselling options, and the barriers to their educational accessibility during the Era of COVID-19. As part of this study, qualitative methods were used to understand better how participants perceived obstacles faced by COVID-19 pandemic-affected students with disabilities. Students with disabilities had several challenges at school during the covid-19 epidemic due to a combination of factors. The problem was caused by a lack of qualified teachers, a lack of resources, and a lack of government commitment. Access to teachers who are conversant with the needs of disabled students is essential for them. An inaccessible physical environment, a lack of resources and training for teachers, and government commitment are just a few of the hurdles that must be overcome. There is no doubt that students with impairments confront several obstacles in their educational journey. As a result, students with disabilities should be provided with a proper and adequate inclusive education. Let me conclude by saying that kids with disabilities, especially during a tough time like today, should seek UNICEF's aid in funding inclusive educations. Since this study did not include students with disabilities, it would be interesting to learn more about their opinions.