bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optical data transmission through highly dynamic and turbid water using dynamic scaling factors and single-pixel detector
Authors: Pan Zilan , Xiao Yin , Cao Yonggui , Zhou Lina , Chen Wen
Published: October 2022

Free-space optical data transmission through non-static scattering media, e.g., dynamic and turbid water, is challenging. In this paper, we propose a new method to realize high-fidelity and high-robustness free-space optical data transmission through highly dynamic and turbid water using a series of dynamic scaling factors to correct light intensities recorded by a single-pixel bucket detector. A fixed reference pattern is utilized to obtain the series of dynamic scaling factors during optical data transmission in free space. To verify the proposed method, different turbidity levels, different strengths of water-flow-induced turbulence and a laser with different wavelengths are studied in optical experiments. It is demonstrated that the proposed scheme is robust against water-flow-induced turbulence and turbid water, and high-fidelity free-space optical information transmission is realized at wavelengths of 658.0 nm and 520.0 nm. The proposed method could shed light on the development of high-fidelity and high-robustness free-space optical data transmission through highly dynamic and turbid water.
Integrated thin-silicon passive components for hybrid silicon-lithium niobate photonics
Authors: Wang Xiaoxi , Valdez Forrest , Mere Viphretuo , Mookherjea Shayan
Published: October 2022

A silicon photonics platform with a reduced silicon layer thickness, which is suitable for hybrid thin-film lithium niobate traveling-wave electro-optic modulators, is used to design low loss waveguides, precise directional couplers, high-quality-factor silicon microring resonators and broad-top coupled microring filters. These designs are verified with experimental measurements and show a way to include such components without requiring a second layer of crystalline silicon of different thickness for this purpose.
A prebiotic basis for ATP as the universal energy currency
Authors: Pinna Silvana , Kunz Cäcilia , Halpern Aaron , Harrison Stuart A. , Jordan Sean F. , Ward John , Werner Finn , Lane Nick
Published: October 2022

ATP is universally conserved as the principal energy currency in cells, driving metabolism through phosphorylation and condensation reactions. Such deep conservation suggests that ATP arose at an early stage of biochemical evolution. Yet purine synthesis requires 6 phosphorylation steps linked to ATP hydrolysis. This autocatalytic requirement for ATP to synthesize ATP implies the need for an earlier prebiotic ATP equivalent, which could drive protometabolism before purine synthesis. Why this early phosphorylating agent was replaced, and specifically with ATP rather than other nucleoside triphosphates, remains a mystery. Here, we show that the deep conservation of ATP might reflect its prebiotic chemistry in relation to another universally conserved intermediate, acetyl phosphate (AcP), which bridges between thioester and phosphate metabolism by linking acetyl CoA to the substrate-level phosphorylation of ADP. We confirm earlier results showing that AcP can phosphorylate ADP to ATP at nearly 20% yield in water in the presence of Fe3+ ions. We then show that Fe3+ and AcP are surprisingly favoured. A wide range of prebiotically relevant ions and minerals failed to catalyse ADP phosphorylation. From a panel of prebiotic phosphorylating agents, only AcP, and to a lesser extent carbamoyl phosphate, showed any significant phosphorylating potential. Critically, AcP did not phosphorylate any other nucleoside diphosphate. We use these data, reaction kinetics, and molecular dynamic simulations to infer a possible mechanism. Our findings might suggest that the reason ATP is universally conserved across life is that its formation is chemically favoured in aqueous solution under mild prebiotic conditions.
Prioritizing gender equity and intersectionality in Canadian global health institutions and partnerships
Authors: Carducci Bianca , Keats Emily C. , Amri Michelle , Plamondon Katrina M. , Shoveller Jeannie , Ako Onome , Osler F. Gigi , Henry Carol , Pant Pai Nitika , Di Ruggiero Erica
Published: October 2022

Despite governmental efforts to close the gender gap and global calls including Sustainable Development Goal 5 to promote gender equality, the sobering reality is that gender inequities continue to persist in Canadian global health institutions. Moreover, from health to the economy, security to social protection, COVID-19 has exposed and heightened pre-existing inequities, with women, especially marginalized women, being disproportionately impacted. Women, particularly women who face bias along multiple identity dimensions, continue to be at risk of being excluded or delegitimized as participants in the global health workforce and continue to face barriers in career advancement to leadership, management and governance positions in Canada. These inequities have downstream effects on the policies and programmes, including global health efforts intended to support equitable partnerships with colleagues in low- and middle- income countries. We review current institutional gender inequities in Canadian global health research, policy and practice and by extension, our global partnerships. Informed by this review, we offer four priority actions for institutional leaders and managers to gender-transform Canadian global health institutions to accompany both the immediate response and longer-term recovery efforts of COVID-19. In particular, we call for the need for tracking indicators of gender parity within and across our institutions and in global health research (e.g., representation and participation, pay, promotions, training opportunities, unpaid care work), accountability and progressive action.
Inter-departmental abortion travels in metropolitan France: A mixed-methods analysis of women’s experiences, access, and barriers to abortion care
Authors: Rahm Laura , De Zordo Silvia , Mishtal Joanna , Garnsey Camille L. , Gerdts Caitlin
Published: October 2022

In Europe, there is a dearth of studies on abortion-related mobilities within countries where abortion is legal. In France, 18% of women seek abortion care outside their department of residence care. Most of these flows take place within Île-de-France region. This paper aims at providing novel insights into the motives and experiences of women traveling within France and particularly within the Île-de-France region for abortion care. It draws upon official abortion statistics as well as quantitative and qualitative data collected in three Parisian hospitals during a five-year European research project on barriers to legal abortion and abortion travel. Despite governmental efforts to facilitate access to abortions over the past decades, our findings show that various barriers exist for why women do not find services in their department of residence (lack of services or access to preferred methods, quality of care, long waiting times). However, most of our study participants report coming to Paris as a convenience and use commuting as a strategy to overcome obstacles in receiving abortion care.
Phylodynamics of a regional SARS-CoV-2 rapid spreading event in Colorado in late 2020
Authors: Wade Kristen J. , Tisa Samantha , Barrington Chloe , Henriksen Jesslyn C. , Crooks Kristy R. , Gignoux Christopher R. , Almand Austin T. , Steel J. Jordan , Sitko John C. , Rohrer Joseph W. , Wickert Douglas P. , Almand Erin A. , Pollock David D. , Rissland Olivia S.
Published: October 2022

Since the initial reported discovery of SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019, genomic surveillance has been an important tool to understand its transmission and evolution. Here, we sought to describe the underlying regional phylodynamics before and during a rapid spreading event that was documented by surveillance protocols of the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) in late October-November of 2020. We used replicate long-read sequencing on Colorado SARS-CoV-2 genomes collected July through November 2020 at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical campus in Aurora and the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs. Replicate sequencing allowed rigorous validation of variation and placement in a phylogenetic relatedness network. We focus on describing the phylodynamics of a lineage that likely originated in the local Colorado Springs community and expanded rapidly over the course of two months in an outbreak within the well-controlled environment of the United States Air Force Academy. Divergence estimates from sampling dates indicate that the SARS-CoV-2 lineage associated with this rapid expansion event originated in late October 2020. These results are in agreement with transmission pathways inferred by the United States Air Force Academy, and provide a window into the evolutionary process and transmission dynamics of a potentially dangerous but ultimately contained variant.
A multi-dimensional measure of pro-environmental behavior for use across populations with varying levels of environmental involvement in the United States
Authors: Mateer Timothy J. , Melton Theresa N. , Miller Zachary D. , Lawhon Ben , Agans Jennifer P. , Taff B. Derrick
Published: October 2022

Researchers continue to explore ways to understand and promote pro-environmental behavior (PEB) amongst various populations. Despite this shared goal, much debate exists on the operationalization and the dimensionality of PEB and how it is measured. This piecemeal approach to measurement has limited the ability to draw conclusions across studies. We address limitations associated with previous measures of PEB by developing a multi-dimensional scale that is validated across both a general population of individuals residing in the United States as well as a group of individuals associated with a pro-environmental organization. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and reliability estimation were conducted for the developed measure across these two populations. Measurement invariance testing was also utilized to assess the psychometric stability of the scale across the two groups. Results indicated an 11 item scale was best fitting with two sub-scales: private and public behaviors. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Second victim experiences and moral injury as predictors of hospitalist burnout before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chandrabhatla Tejasri , Asgedom Henok , Gaudiano Zehra P. , de Avila Leyla , Roach Kenneth L. , Venkatesan Chapy , Weinstein Ali A. , Younossi Zobair M.
Published: October 2022

Background

The increasing number of physicians leaving practice, especially hospitalists, has been well-documented. The most commonly examined factor associated with this exodus has been burnout. The COVID-19 pandemic has put a unique and unprecedented stress on hospitalists who have been at the front lines of patient care. Therefore, the investigation of burnout and its related factors in hospitalists is essential to preventing future physician shortages.

Objective

This study examined the relationship between burnout, second victim, and moral injury experiences before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among hospitalists.

Methods

Two anonymous cross-sectional surveys of hospitalists from a community hospital in the metropolitan Washington, DC area were conducted. One was conducted pre-COVID-19 (September-November 2019) and one was conducted during COVID-19 (July-August 2020). The surveys were sent to all full-time hospitalists via an online survey platform. A variety of areas were assessed including demographic (e.g., age, gender), work information (e.g., hours per week, years of experience), burnout, second victim experiences, well-being, and moral injury.

Results

Burnout rates among providers during these two time periods were similar. Second victim experiences remained prevalent in those who experienced burnout both pre and during COVID-19, but interestingly the prevalence increased in those without burnout during COVID-19. Moral injury was predictive of burnout during COVID-19.

Conclusion

While there were some factors that predicted burnout that were similar both pre- and during-pandemic, moral injury was unique to predicting burnout during COVID-19. With burnout as a contributing factor to future physician shortages, it is imperative that predictive factors in a variety of different environments are well understood to prevent future shortages. Hospitalists may be an excellent barometer of these factors given their presence on the front line during the pandemic, and their experiences need to be further explored so that targeted interventions aimed at addressing those factors may be created.
Experience with and perceptions of non-prescription anthelmintics for cancer treatments among cancer patients in South Korea: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Song Bomi , Kim Kwang Joon , Ki Sung Hwan
Published: October 2022

Although non-prescription anthelmintics are used by many patients as cancer treatment in South Korea, data regarding the experiences or perceptions of these drugs are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the repercussions of non-prescription anthelmintics for cancer treatment and evaluate their perceived effectiveness and adverse effects. This survey included 86 cancer patients, aged 19 years and older, who underwent anthelmintic therapy for cancer. They were recruited from two online communities in South Korea through a structured questionnaire that was provided online. Cancer patients under non-prescription anthelmintic therapy for cancer in South Korea were mostly in their advanced stages and had started the treatment in 2019. About half of the cancer patients had taken non-prescription anthelmintics during their chemotherapy, and 96.5% of them did not inform the clinicians. These participants had a positive perception (79.1%) toward the effectiveness of anthelmintics, as they felt it improved their physical condition. Data on the adverse effects of anthelmintics showed that more than two-third of the participants did not report experiencing any adverse effects. Communication between the clinicians and cancer patients regarding the use of non-prescription anthelmintics should be enhanced to prevent adverse effects.
Not just escapism—Medicine-related fiction films as therapeutical and education tools amid pandemic
Authors: Henkel Dennis
Published: October 2022

Background: During epidemic disease outbreaks, people’s daily lives are restricted by quarantine and social distancing measures that can affect not only their physical and mental health but also other aspects of their lives, including education. The quality of medical education has suffered amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, with on-site classes and conferences canceled or postponed. To address the resultant gaps in learning and supplement the rigors of formal medical teaching, recent research has suggested the use of nonfictional films. However, research on the educational and therapeutic value of fictional films is currently lacking.
Methods: This study explored fiction films featuring medical practices, diseases, and treatments. The researcher conducted multiple searches using the largest internet movie databases (Internet Movie Database (IMDb), the American Film Institute Catalog, and the British Film Institute’s Collections Search) and literature research focusing on studies related to the value of films as visual learning and educational tools and their therapeutic effects on viewers in times of pandemics.
Results: The researcher chose a representative selection of 20 films from over 100 years of cinematic history to educate and intellectually challenge practitioners under lockdown and use as a therapeutic tool. This study identified many ways films could be a potent instrument for medical education and a wide range of educational and therapeutic possibilities for use during public health crises. Medical fiction offers a highly entertaining and effective way to expand and improve medical knowledge and practices while respecting pandemic restrictions. The findings expand our knowledge on the value of medical fiction as an educational and therapeutic tool.
Conclusions: Fictional films can be an advantageous, effective, and entertaining medium for educating physicians and improving their medical skills and practices. When public health crises or other concerns necessitate «work from home» and socially distanced conditions, movies can augment and enhance high-level medical learning and offer new perspectives that might be obscured in times of trauma, making them especially valuable for those struggling with the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Analysis of High-risk Areas by Typology of Causes of Death
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Jeon Mi Seon , Jeong Chan Mi
Published: October 2022

The health disparities among regions are more severe and complex than before, even though, little approach to objective and practical evidence for locally-tailored policy making. In this context, this study aims to develop and use a typology of regions, figure out high-risk areas for each cause of death, and explore the characteristics of high-risk areas. To do so, we collected raw data on the cause of death statistics from the National Statistical Office in 2018, 2019, and 2020 and used a statistics program SAS. We made a typology of the cause of death was classified into 'illness', 'maternal deaths', 'accidental deaths', 'suicides' reference to previous research and government policies. The result for grouping of high risk areas in terms of illness death types, the metropolitan area and other regions showed a large proportion, and suicide death types mainly included urban areas.
These findings were suggested that it is necessary to examine the proportion of each death type by region, to discover vulnerabilities in each region in a horizontal dimension, and to discuss support tailored to each policy demand through relevant policy support.
Characteristics of carbohydrate metabolism in the surgical treatment of morbid obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus using various modifications of biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch
Authors: Anohina V. M. , Bordan N. S. , Yashkov Yu. I. , Orlova A. S.
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND: Biliopancreatic diversion (BPD), and its modifications, is the most effective surgical bariatric treatment of morbid obesity and associated metabolic disturbances. However, at present comparative studies of the dynamics of carbohydrate metabolism after various modifications of the BPD are lacking.

AIM: comparative assessment for the effectiveness of biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD-DS) in the HessMarceau and single-anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) modifications for correcting carbohydrate metabolism disorders and achieving remission of Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) within a period of up to five years after both operations.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: within the framework of a prospective study, 200 patients with morbid obesity were operated on using the BPD-DS (group 1, n = 100) and SADI (group 2, n = 100) methods, the dynamics of clinical and laboratory parameters was analyzed in groups depending on the presence, or absence, of DM2, with an emphasis on the analysis of indicators of carbohydrate metabolism. DM2 was diagnosed in 35 (35.0%) patients in group 1 (BPD - DS) and 45 (45.0%) in group 2 (SADI). All patients underwent a standard set of clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination methods before, immediately after and at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months after the operation.

RESULTS: 5 years after the operation, complete remission of DM2 was achieved in 38 (84.4%) and 32 (91.4%) patients from the SADI and BPD-DS groups, respectively, and 7 (15.6%) and 3 (8.6 %) of patients achieved partial remission. The level of C-peptide, which also decreased after both modifications of BPS, was higher in patients after BPS in the SADI modification, both in patients with DM2 36 months (p<0.05), and in patients without DM2 at 3, 12 and 24 months after surgery (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION: The frequency of achieving stable remission of DM2 is comparable in both groups. The carbohydrate profile of patients after SADI is characterized by higher levels of glucose and C-peptide compared to BPD-DS at different periods of follow-up over five years.
Hematologic parameters of captive Bothrops atrox (Squamata: viperidae)
Authors: Pereira Heloisa Castro , Letícia Prata Juliano Dimatteu Telles  , Líria Queiroz Luz Hirano  , Maísa Paschoal Rios  , André Luiz Quagliatto Santos
Published: October 2022

The breeding of venomous snakes in captivity for research purposes and mainly as a source of pharmaceutical products highlights the need to determine hematological parameters for monitoring and ensuring a healthy breeding populationThe complete blood count is used to help diagnose alterations such as anemia, inflammatory diseases, parasitemia, hematopoietic disorders, hemostatic and toxicological changes, as well as bacterial and viral inclusions. Thus, the objective of this study was to define reference parameters for complete blood count in Bothrops atrox snakes. Blood samples were collected from 20 specimens of B. atrox from the Pentapharm do Brasil commercial breeding facility for laboratory examination.  Mean values and standard deviation were: hematocrit 33.6 ± 5.47%, hemoglobin 10.81 ± 2.07g/dL, total number of erythrocytes 0.59 ± 0.1 x 106/mm3, leukocytes 11387.5 ± 3279.2/mm3 and thrombocytes 28175 ± 6320/mm3. No significant difference was observed between males and females and heterophils were the predominant leukocyte cell type.
Emergência da COVID-19 e produção do espaço de contágio em territórios de frigoríficos no Brasil e nos EUA
Authors: De Campos Silva Allan Rodrigo
Published: October 2022

Desde o início da pandemia da Covid-19 frigoríficos no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos se tornaram centros de contágio da doença. De um ponto de vista geográfico, a cronologia do contágio sugere que os frigoríficos atuaram na espacialização subsequente da Covid-19 em seus territórios, atingindo comunidades de trabalhadores imigrantes, indígenas e municípios vizinhos. Características sanitárias específicas, somadas às pressões corporativas, o descumprimento ou ausência de normas sanitárias de prevenção e controle de Covid-19 e a definição da indústria de processamento de alimentos como atividade essencial pelo poder público compõem os principais fatores para o contágio de Covid-19 em frigoríficos. Este artigo analisa o papel da indústria de proteína animal na emergência da Covid-19 e na subsequente produção do espaço do contágio a partir dos territórios dos frigoríficos controlados pelas companhias BRF município brasileiro de Concórdia, no estado de Santa Catarina, e pela JBS nos municípios estadunidenses de Cold Spring e Worthington no estado de Minnesota. Analisamos a espacialização do contágio através de uma perspectiva multidimensional e multiescalar, considerando as correlações entre os aspectos políticos, econômicos, sanitários e epidemiológicos. Sugerimos que os frigoríficos agiram como espaços aceleradores do contágio de Covid-19 sobre os seus territórios, impactando a escala e a interiorização da pandemia tanto no Brasil quanto nos EUA
Fome e questão agrária
Authors: Sant'Ana Raquel Santos , Brant Nathália Lopes Caldeira
Published: October 2022

O artigo traz o debate entre fome e questão agrária procurando evidenciar a relação direta entre ambas as temáticas e o modelo de desenvolvimento hegemônico no espaço rural existente no Brasil, em que a lógica do capital define a produção, a distribuição e as culturas a serem incentivadas por parte do Estado brasileiro. Daí o fato da agricultura financiada pelo Estado estar voltada para o uso intensivo de agrotóxico e maquinário pesado, de manter a histórica concentração fundiária e priorizar a produção de commodities. O agravamento da situação de fome no mundo e no país evidencia a urgência do debate e a necessidade de aprofundar seus determinantes de maneira a promover ações não apenas emergenciais, mas estruturais. Discute-se ainda que em contraposição a esse modelo, diversos sujeitos coletivos, em especial os movimentos sociais rurais, constroem alternativas sustentáveis de relação com a terra, com o ambiente e com as comunidades rurais e, tem na agroecologia uma bandeira de luta.  O artigo traz ainda as ações desenvolvidas em tempos de pandemia da COVID 19, pelo Movimento de Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) que, em consonância com a solidariedade de classe defendida, efetivou a distribuição de alimentos saudáveis para as periferias urbanas e mostrando a importância da agricultura camponesa para a produção de alimentos e combate à fome.
Ecological Civilization, Ecological Revolution
Authors: Foster John Bellamy
Published: October 2022

How are we to understand the origins and historic significance of the concept of ecological civilization? What is its relation to ecological Marxism? And how does all of this relate to the worldwide revolutionary struggle aimed at transcending our current planetary emergency and protecting what Karl Marx called "the chain of human generations"—along with life in general?
New York: Forest of Symbols
Authors: Merrifield Andy
Published: October 2022

New York City is facing a crisis in its urban ecosystem. As wealthy developers and real estate mega-projects rupture the connections between people and the social and spatial webs making up the city's once-rich undergrowth, how can city-dwellers nurture and restore their metropolitan habitat?
Young Marx on Fetishism, Sexuality, and Religion: Revisiting the Bonn Notebooks
Authors: Kangal Kaan
Published: October 2022

There is hardly any theme in Karl Marx's theoretical corpus that has garnered as much traction as his theory of fetishism. Ever since Marx introduced the term into his critique of political economy in Capital, fetishism became a field of theoretical force. While much ink has been spilled on the specific content and theoretical scope of fetishism in Capital, young Marx's initial exploration of the term has rarely enjoyed critical attention.
A field study to restricted poisonous wild plants grown in Al-Kharj region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Bushra Ahmed Alhammad
Published: October 2022

This study was aimed to define and collect different poisonous plant species that grow in Al-Kharj region, Saudi Arabia and are detrimental to human and livestock. A total of 16 plant species belonging to 12 families were recorded in the current study. These plants were met through surveys conducted by herbalists and smart citizens with skills and experience in the field of toxic plants in the region. For each species reported, botanical and vernacular names, families, and toxic principles are recognized. The most dominant and widespread toxic flowering plants reported in the studied area were the clan of Calotropis procera and Rhazya stricta. Other less widespread poisonous plants such as Citrullus colocynthis, Heliotropium bacciferum, Cassia italica, Alhagi maurorum, Capparis spinosa, Tribulus terrestris and Euphorbia helioscopia as well as Convolvulus arvensis, Zygophyllum coccineum were also observed.
Take up your arms
Authors: Meyer Isabelle de
Published: October 2022

This article investigates the etymology of four Latin lexemes starting with /arm-/: arma, armus, armilla and armenta. It examines whether they are men- or mo-derivatives of the root commonly reconstructed as *h₂er- ‘to join’. The combination of an in-depth analysis of 1) the use of armenta in Latin, and ἀραρίσκω and ἁρμόζω in Greek, and 2) similar stems in other IE languages, particularly Vedic īrmá-, Latvian ir̃mi et al., OCS ramo and jarьmъ et al., results in the conclusion that two stems should be differentiated. Armus and the other IE words for ‘shoulder; arm’ point to a second laryngeal and go back to a mo-stem ‘joining, (shoulder) joint’, originally an adjective. Its substantivation process went along with a change in accentuation and ablaut. The middle laryngeal would be the result of a contamination with *pĺ̥h₂-meh₂. The other Latin words and OCS jarьmъ et al. go back to a men-stem ‘the attachment’. The armenta were originally ‘the ones belonging to the attachment (a yoke)’ > ‘the plough animals’. Lastly, it is stated that if ἅρμα was a direct men-derivative of the PIE root, the wheel should be interpreted as ‘the attachment (to the chariot frame)’ rather than ‘the thing joined together’.
Greek τηλεκλυτός ‘far-famed’ and its Welsh comparanda
Authors: Falileyev Alexander
Published: October 2022

The paper examines a possible Welsh cognate of Greek τηλεκλυτός ‘farfamed’, the rare Middle Welsh pellglot, and analyses it and its alleged Greek congener within the framework of Indo-European poetic language studies. It pays considerable attention to the conventions of medieval Welsh versification that (with other factors considered) may undermine the dating of the reconstructed compound underlying the Greek and Middle Welsh word to the Proto-Indo-European epoch.
The root of all gluttony
Authors: Batisti Roberto
Published: October 2022

The etymological analysis of Attic Greek τένθης ‘gourmand, glutton’ (Ar.+) has focused since Antiquity on comparison with the obscure Hesiodic hapax τένδει (Op. 524). Rejecting this unpromising solution, in this paper I go back to a forgotten proposal by Solmsen (1897), who compared τένθης with the PN Πενθεύς ~ Τενθεύς and Lat. condiō ‘to season (food)’, reconstructing a root *kʷendʰ-/*kʷondʰ-. While Solmsen did not pursue further analysis of this root, I propose that it arose - possibly already at the PIE stage - from *kʷem- ‘gulp, swallow’ with addition of the “detransitivizing” suffix *-dʰ-e/o-. The present stem *kʷem-dʰe/o- would have had the intransitive meaning ‘to swallow food’ with Indefinite Object Deletion, as is typologically common in “ingestive” verbs. In addition to the agent noun τένθης, I suggest that πάθνη ~ φάτνη ‘crib, manger’ was another nominal derivative of the ‘neo-root’ *kʷendʰ-/*kʷondʰ-/*kʷn̥dʰ-. I conclude by discussing other possible etymologies of Lat. condiō.
Investigating the relationship between high-risk behaviors and mental health in adolescents in Rabor city, Iran
Authors: Jalali Zeynab , Fadakar Mohammad Mehdi , Iranpour Abedin , Farvahari Arash , Alizadeh Somayeh
Published: October 2022

Objectives

High-risk behaviors (HRBs) represent significant health threats for adolescents and significantly affect adolescents’ mental health. Adolescents often engage in risky behaviors. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between high-risk behaviors (HRBs) and mental health in adolescents in Rabor.

Content

The present study was a cross-sectional analytical study that was performed on 334 girl and boy students aged 12–18 years in Rabor city in 2021. In this study, adolescents answered high risk behaviors and mental health questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS-26 software and the spearman correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis (univariate and multivariate analysis) were used to analyze the data.

Summary and Outlook

In this study, the mean age was 15.25 ± 1.78. The findings indicate that smoking and hookah use were higher in boys than girls. Among the demographic variables, age and level of education had a positive and significant relationship with HRBs and mental health (p<0.05). The mean score of total mental health for all subjects was 12.83 ± 10.82. The variables of age, sex, marital status of parents, the number of children in the family, educational level, smoking, hookah, and alcohol have been determined as influential and facilitating factors in HRBs of adolescents. Father’s literacy was considered as a facilitator and age variables, alcohol consumption and parents’ marital status were considered as deterrents to mental health. The present study showed that the male gender is one of the risk factors for alcohol, smoking and other substances, the tendency to high-risk sexual behaviors, depression, and suicide in adolescents. Among the determinants of the tendency to HRBs in adolescents, psychological variables are of particular importance at the individual, social, and family levels. Good mental health can improve quality of life, while poor mental health can make it worse.
A modified high-order symmetrical WENO scheme for hyperbolic conservation laws
Authors: Abedian Rooholah
Published: October 2022

This paper designs a modified weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) scheme for solving hyperbolic conservation laws. Using the switching principle based on inflection points, the new scheme automatically adapts between linear upwind and WENO schemes. If there is at least one inflection point in the largest stencil available for reconstruction, a symmetrical WENO (SWENO) scheme is considered for the reconstruction of the numerical flux; otherwise the numerical flux is directly approximated by the reconstruction polynomial. By comparing the new scheme introduced in this paper with the classical WENO scheme and another improved scheme that has been proposed recently D. Chai, G. Xi, Z. Sun, Z. Wangand Z. Huang,Comput. Fluids, vol. 170, pp. 176–186, 2018), we can point out the robustness and better efficiency of this scheme. To examine and explain the features of the new scheme, a number of examples such as Euler equations have been considered.
Effect of stimulants on final adult height
Authors: Wojnowski Natalia M. , Zhou Elaine , Jee Youn Hee
Published: October 2022

Background

The use of stimulant medications for treatment of ADHD has raised concern as to whether they adversely impact linear growth. Previous studies have indicated that stimulant medications may suppress growth for a short period after treatment initiation; however, more information is needed to evaluate the long-term effects on final adult stature. This mini review aims to evaluate the effect of stimulant medications on final adult height in children with ADHD.

Contents

We performed a literature review across PubMed/MEDLINE database. Only articles that included data on final adult height or near final adult height (age≥16 or 17 years) were included.

Early studies investigating the long-term impacts of stimulant medications observed growth suppression during the active treatment period, but when comparing final adult height, there was no difference between the control and ADHD groups. A recent larger comprehensive study (Multimodal Treatment of ADHD study) has suggested that the long-term use of significant doses of stimulants during childhood may compromise final adult height to a clinically significant degree when comparing adult height across three long-term patterns of stimulant treatment (Consistent, Intermittent, Negligible). The consistent use subgroup was significantly shorter than other subgroups.

Outlook

For children with ADHD, a significant long-term dose of stimulant treatment should be used with caution to avoid diminishing adult height potential. Pediatric endocrinologists should consider chronic use of stimulants as a factor contributing to reduced adult height.
Multi-task topology optimization of photonic devices in low-dimensional Fourier domain via deep learning
Authors: Mao Simei , Cheng Lirong , Chen Houyu , Liu Xuanyi , Geng Zihan , Li Qian , Fu Hongyan
Published: October 2022

Silicon photonics enables compact integrated photonic devices with versatile functionalities and mass manufacturing capability. However, the optimization of high-performance free-form optical devices is still challenging due to the complex light-matter interaction involved that requires time-consuming electromagnetic simulations. This problem becomes even more prominent when multiple devices are required, typically requiring separate iterative optimizations. To facilitate multi-task inverse design, we propose a topology optimization method based on deep neural network (DNN) in low-dimensional Fourier domain. The DNN takes target optical responses as inputs and predicts low-frequency Fourier components, which are then utilized to reconstruct device geometries. Removing high-frequency components for reduced design degree-of-freedom (DOF) helps control minimal features and speed up training. For demonstration, the proposed method is utilized for wavelength filter design. The trained DNN can design multiple filters instantly and concurrently with high accuracy. Totally different targets can also be further optimized through transfer learning on existing network with greatly reduced optimization rounds. Our approach can be also adapted to other free-form photonic devices, including a waveguide-coupled single-photon source that we demonstrate to prove generalizability. Such DNN-assisted topology optimization significantly reduces the time and resources required for multi-task optimization, enabling large-scale photonic device design in various applications.
Toward Moral Sublimity: Elements of a Theory of Humor
Authors: Bartosch David
Published: October 2022

This article outlines a new theory of humor. The concept of humor is developed in the sense of five dialectical levels, respectively, sequential phenomenalities of humorous consciousness. These range from a level of most inferior (hurtful) humor up to a stage of most sublime humor. Systematically speaking, humor is viewed from an enhanced perspective of transcendental philosophy, namely as a medium of self-unfolding practical reason. It is considered as a complementary potency to the practical force of the latter’s regulative principle, and it fulfils several important functions. The first section provides basic definitions of concepts like humor, sublimity, comicality, etc. Here, the five phenomenalities of humor are introduced. The second section explores and develops these contents more in detail. Some references to the German-speaking tradition in the philosophy of humor provide further input for discussion. The third section presents a thought experiment. Imaginary humorous reactions of Socrates to ridicule and hostility are analyzed in the sense of the present theory.
Truth and Autobiography in Stand-up Comedy and the Genius of Doug Stanhope
Authors: Hanscomb Stuart
Published: October 2022

It is common for stand-up comedians to tell stories as well as, or instead of, jokes. Stories bring something extra to the performance, and when presented as true add a further layer of appeal. However, most stories told as if true by comedians are not true. A categorizing of forms of comedic story is presented involving the dimensions of grammatical person and truthfulness. Some advantages of comedians’ employing true first-person stories are discussed, and these considerations are then explored through the role of autobiography in the work of Doug Stanhope. Many aspects of Stanhope’s (highly unusual) life find their way into his shows, and true stories and his personality more broadly are folded into other elements of his act (such as his political views). Links are made with Søren Kierkegaard’s notion of “inwardness,” and it’s argued that authenticity is a prerequisite for the quality of self-disclosure that is basic to Stanhope’s excellence.
Atitudes de profissionais de enfermagem e produtividade em serviços de emergência em Istambul
Authors: Husmenoglu Muhteber , Yilmaz Kusakli Berra , Ferreira Aydogdu Ana Luiza , Yildirim Aytolan
Published: October 2022

Objetivo: analisar as atitudes em relação à produtividade de profissionais de enfermagem que atuam em serviços de emergência. Método: pesquisa transversal de abordagem quantitativa, realizada em fevereiro e março de 2020 com 204 profissionais de enfermagem de serviços de emergência de três hospitais em Istambul, Turquia. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário e Escala de Atitudes em Relação à Produtividade dos Profissionais de Enfermagem. Analisaram-se os dados com o programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Resultados: as atitudes dos participantes em relação à produtividade ficaram parcialmente abaixo da média, sendo afetadas por fatores como escolaridade, escolha voluntária da profissão e satisfação com o trabalho. Conclusões: há necessidade de efetuar melhorias nos serviços de emergência para que os profissionais de enfermagem desenvolvam atitudes mais positivas em relação à produtividade, sendo sensibilizados à respeito da importância deste conceito.
Aleitamento materno na perspectiva de lactantes de uma unidade de saúde da família
Authors: Gonçalves Dias Ernandes , Dos Santos Pereira Juliana , Lima Rocha Júnia , Martins Campos Lyliane , Antunes de Araújo Rondinele
Published: October 2022

Objetivo: analisar a prática do aleitamento materno na perspectiva de lactantes de uma Unidade de Saúde da Família do Norte de Minas Gerais. Método: estudo descritivo, qualitativo realizado com 12 lactantes. Os dados foram coletados no mês de agosto de 2020 por entrevista semiestruturada e tratados por meio da Análise Temática. Resultados: os temas foram as dificuldades em amamentar e os cuidados com as mamas e benefícios da amamentação e sentimentos relacionados. As lactantes expressaram conhecer a importância e benefícios do aleitamento materno, porém há dificuldades na prática da amamentação devido às fissuras e à dor nas mamas, até pela necessidade de trabalhar fora do lar. No entanto, externaram sentimento de prazer e satisfação com a amamentação. Conclusões: sugere-se que os profissionais de saúde apoiem e implementem ações de incentivo ao aleitamento materno que amenizem as dificuldades das lactantes e potencialize o bem-estar da mulher e da criança.
Panorama nacional da adesão ao pré-natal: série histórica de 2009 a 2018
Authors: Dos Santos Fonseca Luan , Correia Carvalho Beatriz , De Oliveira Santos José Cleyton , De Lima Ferreira Laíse Luemmy , Rodrigues Lima Ana Caroline
Published: October 2022

Objetivo: analisar o panorama nacional da adesão pré-natal enquanto maior ou igual a sete consultas, segundo características sociodemográficas das mães de nascidos vivos entre os anos de 2009 e 2018. Método: estudo ecológico, descritivo, de séries temporais, efetuado na plataforma Sistema de Informação de Nascidos Vivos do Brasil. Resultados: foram registrados 29.189.619 nascidos vivos, com predominância nas regiões sudeste e nordeste. O perfil epidemiológico da adesão a sete consultas ou mais é composto por mulheres brancas e pardas, cujas faixas etárias foram entre 30 e 39 e 40 ou mais anos, casadas ou em união estável, com 12 anos ou mais de estudo. Conclusões: predominou mais consultas de pré-natal em mulheres jovens, casadas, não negras, com 11 anos de estudo. Percebeu-se maior tendência de realização de sete ou mais consultas durante o período.
Sistematização da assistência e processo de enfermagem na saúde da família: percepção de enfermeiros
Authors: Gonçalves Dias Thais , Rosa Coelho Kellen , Carrilho de Menezes Aline , Nunes Andrade Silmara , De Oliveira Flávia
Published: October 2022

Objetivo: descrever a percepção dos enfermeiros em relação à utilização da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem na Estratégia de Saúde da Família no centro oeste mineiro. Método: pesquisa qualitativa com 20 enfermeiros. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de abril a setembro de 2020 através de um roteiro com informações sociodemográfico-econômicas e questões norteadoras analisadas pela técnica de Análise de conteúdo. Resultados: identificaram-se barreiras na aplicação da Sistematização: sobrecarga de trabalho, demanda de muito tempo para aplicação, escassez de conhecimento teórico, dificuldade de distinguir os conceitos correlacionados e faltas de incentivo, de apoio da gestão e de pessoal. O prontuário eletrônico, a formação nas instituições de ensino e a capacitação da equipe foram apontados como facilitadores. Conclusão: os participantes consideram que a Sistematização e o Processo de Enfermagem sejam capazes de viabilizar a melhoria da assistência.
Avaliação da administração de medicamentos: identificando riscos e implementando barreiras de segurança
Authors: Giron Camerini Flavia , Silveira Lobo Lage Juliane , Silva Fassarella Cintia , De Mendonça Henrique Danielle , Serpa Franco Andrezza
Published: October 2022

Objetivo: avaliar a segurança do paciente na administração de medicamentos a fim de identificar condições geradoras de risco. Método: pesquisa quantitativa descritiva do tipo survey interseccional, os dados foram coletados por um instrumento semiestruturado e validado para a Avaliação da Segurança do Paciente na Administração de Medicamentos. Resultados: participaram 139 profissionais, a maioria do sexo feminino (84,89%), com idade de 20 a 35 anos (60,43%), Enfermeiro(a) (71,94%) e com tempo de atuação profissional menor de 2 anos (38,85%). As variáveis geradoras de riscos relacionadas aos medicamentos obtiveram uma frequência positiva superior a 60%. As variáveis relacionadas ao processo de administração de medicamentos obtiveram uma frequência de respostas positivas superior a 50,00%. Conclusão: a administração de medicamentos foi classificada como segura, visto que as respostas positivas foram superiores a 60,00%. As principais condições geradoras de risco foram relacionadas à ordem verbal e à identificação de alergia.
Saberes e práticas de cuidado à saúde no climatério
Authors: Bisognin Priscila , Alende Prates Lisie , de Vargas Perez Rhayanna , Candido De Bortoli Cleunir de Fatima , Antunes Wilhelm Laís , Schimith Maria Denise
Published: October 2022

Objetivo: conhecer os saberes e as práticas de cuidado à saúde adotados no climatério por um grupo de mulheres vinculadas a uma Estratégia de Saúde da Família de um município da serra gaúcha. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, desenvolvida com oito mulheres, em fevereiro e março de 2015. Utilizou-se entrevista grupal e individual, associadas à oficina de bonecas de pano. Adotou-se a proposta operativa para análise dos dados. Resultados: os saberes advêm da própria vivência e/ou das experiências de outras mulheres do seu meio social. As práticas de cuidado estão associadas aos desconfortos no climatério, envolvendo o uso de ervas e plantas medicinais, água fria e toalhas úmidas, alimentos derivados da soja, atividade física e lazer. Conclusões: os saberes e práticas de cuidado são repassados entre as gerações e estão ligados às condições de vida e de trabalho, a história e o meio social.
Motivos que levam mulheres e homens a buscar as unidades básicas de saúde
Authors: Leslyê Rocha Gutmann Victoria , Dos Santos Daniela , Silva Camila Daiane , Coutinho Costa Vallejos Carolina , Ferreira Acosta Daniele , Soares Mota Marina
Published: October 2022

Objetivo: identificar os motivos que levam mulheres e homens a buscarem as unidades básicas de saúde. Método: estudo descritivo, qualitativo, realizado em oito Estratégias Saúde da Família. Participaram 32 pessoas, sendo 16 mulheres e 16 homens, entre o período de janeiro e abril de 2019. Utilizou-se entrevista semiestruturada para a coleta e Análise de Conteúdo para o tratamento. Resultados: homens e mulheres acreditavam que o sexo feminino procura mais em razão de sua fragilidade. O homem surgiu como responsável pelo cuidado de si e de outros, evidenciando uma possível mudança cultural. Conclusões: entende-se que os motivos e as percepções dos usuários são importantes para avaliar, reorganizar e fortalecer os serviços.