bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strengthening integrated depression services within routine primary health care using the RE-AIM framework in South Africa
Authors: Petersen Inge , Kemp Christopher G. , Rao Deepa , Wagenaar Bradley H. , Bachmann Max , Sherr Kenneth , Kathree Tasneem , Luvuno Zamasomi , Van Rensburg André , Gigaba Sithabisile Gugulethu , Mthethwa Londiwe , Grant Merridy , Selohilwe One , Hongo Nikiwe , Faris Gillian , Ras Christy-Joy , Fairall Lara , Bucibo Sanah , Bhana Arvin
Published: November 2023

Integration of mental health into routine primary health care (PHC) services in low-and middle-income countries is globally accepted to improve health outcomes of other conditions and narrow the mental health treatment gap. Yet implementation remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to identify implementation strategies that improve implementation outcomes of an evidence-based depression care collaborative implementation model integrated with routine PHC clinic services in South Africa. An iterative, quasi-experimental, observational implementation research design, incorporating the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework, was applied to evaluate implementation outcomes of a strengthened package of implementation strategies (stage two) compared with an initial evaluation of the model (stage one). The first stage package was implemented and evaluated in 10 PHC clinics and the second stage strengthened package in 19 PHC clinics (inclusive of the initial 10 clinics) in one resource-scarce district in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Diagnosed service users were more likely to be referred for counselling treatment in the second stage compared with stage one (OR 23.15, SE = 18.03, z = 4.04, 95%CI [5.03–106.49], p < .001). Training in and use of a validated, mandated mental health screening tool, including on-site educational outreach and technical support visits, was an important promoter of nurse-level diagnosis rates (OR 3.75, 95% CI [1.19, 11.80], p = 0.02). Nurses who perceived the integrated care model as acceptable were also more likely to successfully diagnose patients (OR 2.57, 95% CI [1.03–6.40], p = 0.043). Consistent availability of a clinic counsellor was associated with a greater probability of referral (OR 5.9, 95%CI [1.29–27.75], p = 0.022). Treatment uptake among referred service users remained a concern across both stages, with inconsistent co-located counselling services associated with poor uptake. The importance of implementation research for strengthening implementation strategies along the cascade of care for integrating depression care within routine PHC services is highlighted.
Near-infrared spectroscopy and machine learning algorithms for rapid and non-invasive detection of Trichuris
Authors: Kariyawasam Tharanga N. , Ciocchetta Silvia , Visendi Paul , Soares Magalhães Ricardo J. , Smith Maxine E. , Giacomin Paul R. , Sikulu-Lord Maggy T.
Published: November 2023

Background

Trichuris trichiura (whipworm) is one of the most prevalent soil transmitted helminths (STH) affecting 604–795 million people worldwide. Diagnostic tools that are affordable and rapid are required for detecting STH. Here, we assessed the performance of the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technique coupled with machine learning algorithms to detect Trichuris muris in faecal, blood, serum samples and non-invasively through the skin of mice.

Methodology

We orally infected 10 mice with 30 T. muris eggs (low dose group), 10 mice with 200 eggs (high dose group) and 10 mice were used as the control group. Using the NIRS technique, we scanned faecal, serum, whole blood samples and mice non-invasively through their skin over a period of 6 weeks post infection. Using artificial neural networks (ANN) and spectra of faecal, serum, blood and non-invasive scans from one experiment, we developed 4 algorithms to differentiate infected from uninfected mice. These models were validated on mice from a second independent experiment.

Principal findings

NIRS and ANN differentiated mice into the three groups as early as 2 weeks post infection regardless of the sample used. These results correlated with those from concomitant serological and parasitological investigations.

Significance

To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the potential of NIRS as a diagnostic tool for human STH infections. The technique could be further developed for large scale surveillance of soil transmitted helminths in human populations.
Evidence against implicit belief processing in a blindfold task
Authors: Rothmaler Katrin , Grosse Wiesmann Charlotte
Published: November 2023

Understanding what other people think is crucial to our everyday interactions. We seem to be affected by the perspective of others even in situations where it is irrelevant to us. This intrusion from others’ perspectives has been referred to as altercentric bias and has been suggested to reflect implicit belief processing. There is an ongoing debate about how robust such altercentric effects are and whether they indeed reflect true mentalizing or result from simpler, domain-general processes. As a critical test for true mentalizing, the blindfold manipulation has been proposed. That is, participants are familiarized with a blindfold that is either transparent or opaque. When they then observe a person wearing this blindfold, they can only infer what this person can or cannot see based on their knowledge of the blindfold’s transparency. Here, we used this blindfold manipulation to test whether participants’ reaction times in detecting an object depended on the agent’s belief about the object’s location, itself manipulated with a blindfold. As a second task, we asked participants to detect where the agent was going to look for the object. Across two experiments with a large participant pool (N = 234) and different settings (online/lab), we found evidence against altercentric biases in participants’ response times in detecting the object. We did, however, replicate a well-documented reality congruency effect. When asked to detect the agent’s action, in turn, participants were biased by their own knowledge of where the object should be, in line with egocentric biases previously found in false belief reasoning. These findings suggests that altercentric biases do not reflect belief processing but lower-level processes, or alternatively, that implicit belief processing does not occur when the belief needs to be inferred from one’s own experience.
Factors of parental investment in the home language environment in peri-urban China: A mixed methods study
Authors: Feng Tianli , Guo Jingruo , Dill Sarah-Eve , Zhang Dongming , Liu Yuchen , Ma Yue , Pappas Lucy , Rozelle Scott
Published: November 2023

The home language environment is a critical point of investment in early language skills. However, few studies have quantitatively measured the home language environment of low-socioeconomic-status households in non-western settings. This mixed methods study describes the home language environment and early child language skills among households in a low-socioeconomic-status, peri-urban district of Chengdu, China, and identifies factors influencing parental investment in the home language environment. Audio recordings were collected from 81 peri-urban households with children ages 18–24 months and analysed using the Language Environment Analysis (LENATM) system. The Mandarin version of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory was administered to each child’s primary caregiver. The quantitative results revealed large variation in home language environments and child language skills among the sample, with relatively low average scores when compared to other Chinese samples. Qualitative interviews with a subset of 31 caregivers revealed that many caregivers face constraints on their knowledge of interactive parenting, compounded, in some households, by time constraints due to work or household responsibilities. The findings indicate a need for increased sources of credible parenting information for peri-urban caregivers of young children to promote investment in the home language environment.
Experiences and lessons learned from community-engaged recruitment for the South Asian breast cancer study in New Jersey during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Satagopan Jaya M. , Dharamdasani Tina , Mathur Shailja , Kohler Racquel E. , Bandera Elisa V. , Kinney Anita Y.
Published: November 2023

Background

South Asians are a rapidly growing population in the United States. Breast cancer is a major concern among South Asian American women, who are an understudied population. We established the South Asian Breast Cancer (SABCa) study in New Jersey during early 2020 to gain insights into their breast cancer-related health attitudes. Shortly after we started planning for the study, the COVID-19 disease spread throughout the world. In this paper, we describe our experiences and lessons learned from recruiting study participants by partnering with New Jersey’s community organizations during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

We used a cross-sectional design. We contacted 12 community organizations and 7 (58%) disseminated our study information. However, these organizations became considerably busy with pandemic-related needs. Therefore, we had to pivot to alternative recruitment strategies through community radio, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey’s Community Outreach and Engagement Program, and Rutgers Cooperative Extension’s community health programs. We recruited participants through these alternative strategies, obtained written informed consent, and collected demographic information using a structured survey.

Results

Twenty five women expressed interest in the study, of which 22 (88%) participated. Nine (41%) participants learned about the study through the radio, 5 (23%) through these participants, 1 (4.5%) through a non-radio community organization, and 7 (32%) through community health programs. Two (9%) participants heard about the study from their spouse. All participants were born outside the US, their average age was 52.4 years (range: 39–72 years), and they have lived in the US for an average of 26 years (range: 5–51 years).

Conclusion

Pivoting to alternative strategies were crucial for successful recruitment. Findings suggest the significant potential of broadcast media for community-based recruitment. Family dynamics and the community’s trust in our partners also encouraged participation. Such strategies must be considered when working with understudied populations.
The influencing factor model and empirical research of TikTok charity live streaming impact users’ online charitable donation
Authors: Shi Yujing , Wu Chenyang
Published: November 2023

The "live streaming + charity" model is a new model for China’s philanthropy, accelerating the new development of China’s philanthropy, but there is still a relative paucity of research in the academic community on how charity live streaming affects online charitable donations. In this sense, this study aims to identify the construction of a model of the factors influencing charity live streaming on online charitable donations. This study selected TikTok Live, based on the UTAUT model, combining perceived risk and perceived interactivity, recovered 607 valid questionnaires, and concluded and structural equation modeling to construct an influence factor model to analyze their correlation. The results show that users’ performance expectancy, effort expectancy, perceived interactivity, facilitating conditions, and social influence are significantly positively correlated with online charitable donations, and perceived risk does not negatively affect users’ intentions to make online charitable donations. Our findings can provide a basis for live-streaming platforms and relevant social organizations and government departments to develop charity communication strategies.
Phage therapy: Awareness and demand among clinicians in the United Kingdom
Authors: Simpson Emily A. , Stacey Helen J. , Langley Ross J. , Jones Joshua D.
Published: November 2023

Bacterial resistance or tolerance to antibiotics is costly to patients and healthcare providers. With the impact of antibiotic resistance forecast to grow, alternative antimicrobial approaches are needed to help treat patients with antibiotic refractory infections and reduce reliance upon existing antibiotics. There is renewed interest in bacteriophage (phage) therapy as a promising antimicrobial strategy. We therefore performed the first multi-specialty survey about phage therapy and the first such survey among clinicians in the United Kingdom. An anonymous 10-question survey of clinicians from medical and surgical specialties in two Scottish Health Boards was performed. The 90 respondents spanned 26 specialties and were predominantly consultants (73.3%). The respondents were concerned about antibiotic resistance in their clinical practice; 83 respondents estimated having seen 711 patients in the last 12 months whose infections were refractory to antibiotics (delaying or preventing resolution). Over half (58.8%) of the respondents had previously heard of phage therapy. Staphylococci, Pseudomonas and E. coli were identified as the highest cross-specialty priorities for the development of phage therapy. Together, 77 respondents estimated seeing 300 patients in the last 12 months for whom phage therapy may have been appropriate (an average of 3.9 patients per clinician). Most respondents (71.1%, n = 90) were already willing to consider using phage therapy in appropriate cases. Additional comments from the respondents affirmed the potential utility of phage therapy and highlighted a need for more information. The results of this survey demonstrate substantial demand for and willingness to use phage therapy in appropriate cases, both from individual clinicians and across specialties. Demand from a wide range of specialties illustrates the broad clinical utility of phage therapy and potential scope of impact. Widening access to phage therapy could deliver substantial clinical and financial benefits for patients and health authorities alike.
Cuatro textos sobre el Parlamento Obrero
Authors: Marx Karl , Espinoza Pino Mario
Published: November 2023

Durante los años 1853 y 1854 surgió una ola de huelgas en varios distritos industriales de Inglaterra, especialmente en los sectores textiles de Lancashire y Manchester. Este ciclo de luchas, que pugnaba principalmente por un aumento de los salarios, fue visto por Ernest Jones y el movimiento Cartista como una oportunidad para organizar una asociación obrera a escala nacional. Karl Marx, que compartía la visión de los cartistas, analizó el movimiento desde el New York Tribune, brindando apoyo a la iniciativa a la que dio lugar: el Parlamento Obrero.
 
A continuación, se ofrece la traducción de cuatro textos periodísticos que Marx publicó en apoyo a la institución obrera –la mayoría inéditos en español–, seguidos de «Las luchas por la organización obrera en la época victoriana (1853-1854)», un estudio crítico sobre el ciclo de huelgas y las expectativas de organización obrera durante aquellos años, donde se defiende que este fallido intento de organización constituye un precedente de la sección británica de la Asociación Internacional de Trabajadores. La traducción y edición de los textos de Marx, y el estudio crítico que los acompaña, han sido realizados por Mario Espinoza Pino (Universidad de Granada).
Revisión crítica a las perspectivas contemporáneas sobre el rol del lenguaje en el marxismo
Authors: León Verastegui Enrique , Yalan Dongo Eduardo , Delupi Baal
Published: November 2023

El objetivo de este artículo es revisar críticamente la perspectiva actual de la literatura especializada sobre el papel del lenguaje en el modo de producción capitalista contemporáneo. Para llevarlo a cabo, se han examinado tres momentos clave en la relación entre marxismo y lenguaje, y ello nos ha permitido identificar los componentes teóricos y epistemológicos de las propuestas de la filosofía del lenguaje que animan el debate actual. Nuestra intención es promover una discusión con la literatura citada en relación con dos puntos críticos fundamentales: en primer lugar, desde una perspectiva marxista, se cuestionan ciertas distinciones elaboradas por la literatura especializada entre trabajo productivo e improductivo; en segundo lugar, se busca profundizar en la comprensión del trabajo como lenguaje y en la distinción entre praxis y poiesis.
Las voces de Ulises. Sobre el origen de la diferencia entre filosofía y poesía
Authors: Cuesta Abad José Manuel
Published: November 2023

Este artículo aborda el antiguo problema de la diferencia entre filosofía y poesía partiendo de una interpretación del arte narrativo personificado por Ulises en la Odisea. Una lectura del episodio de las Sirenas permite reconstruir la trama de voces diversas que compone el relato homérico y comprender la significación de esta estructura polifónica en el imaginario odiseico. Frente a la neta oposición entre autofonía y alofonía que propone la filosofía platónica, la poesía homérica implica una idea de heterofonía que apunta más allá de una lógica binaria y sugiere la irreductibilidad de la voz poética a un juego entre extremos contrarios. La heterofonía consiste más bien en una voz figural que crea la «lógica difusa» del mundo ficcional mediante la neutralización de las diferencias entre sujetos enunciativos.
Sobre la subjetivación. La crítica de Marx a Stirner
Authors: Martínez Martínez Francisco José
Published: November 2023

El presente escrito explora algunas ideas marxianas sobre la subjetivación a partir de sus críticas a la filosofía hegeliana y posthegeliana, de Feuerbach y Stirner fundamentalmente, y presenta su humanismo materialista y crítico como un nuevo modo de subjetivación que se sitúa en la estela del materialismo sensualista ilustrado, retomado por Feuerbach, que combina con la idea del hombre trabajador, el homo faber, utilizador de instrumentos, de la tradición de la economía política inglesa, al que dotan de la capacidad revolucionaria retomada de los primeros románticos y de la tradición de los comunistas y socialistas utópicos.
Las retóricas antimarxistas del neo-imperialismo (antagonismo, conflicto y violencias globalizadas)
Authors: Sierra González Ángela
Published: November 2023

La presente reflexión es de tipo exploratoria y trata de indagar la relación que existe entre las retóricas antimarxistas sobrevenidas y la conversión de la violencia política en uno de los topos universales en el discurso «neoliberal» en contra del marxismo. En las últimas décadas, el «activismo» presente en la difusión del argumentario de estas retóricas engaña respeto de sus orígenes y de su extensión, dado que estas han sido una de las piezas fundamentales del neoliberalismo contra las resistencias, de todo tipo, surgidas ante el avance de la globalización neoimperial por medios discursivos y por medios de contención violentos. Sin embargo, ignorando estas violencias, desde la Guerra Fría estas retóricas presentaron, de manera casi exclusiva, el marxismo como una «doctrina» antidemocrática y antijurídica. Los diversos discursos antimarxistas establecieron una vinculación entre violencia y marxismo para socavar su influencia y desprestigiar su análisis del capitalismo.
An evolutionary fault injection settings search algorithm for attacks on safe and secure embedded systems
Authors: Pozzobon Enrico , Weiß Nils , Mottok Jürgen , Matoušek Václav
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we present a novel method for exploiting vulnerabilities in secure embedded bootloaders, which are the foundation of trust for modern vehicle software systems, by using a genetic algorithm to successfully identify the correct parameters to perform an electromagnetic fault injection attack. Specifically, we demonstrate the feasibility of code execution attacks by leveraging a combination of software and hardware weaknesses in the secure software update process of electronic control units (ECUs), which is standardized across the automotive industry. Our method utilizes an automated approach, eliminating the need for static code analysis, and does not require any hardware modifications to the targeted systems. Through our research, we successfully demonstrated our attack on three distinct ECUs from different manufacturers used in current vehicles. Our results prove that the use of a genetic algorithm for finding the fault parameters reduces the number of attempts necessary for a successful fault to obtain arbitrary code execution via "wild jungle jumps" by approximately 100 times compared to a naive random search.
Potter, um caminho pragmático
Authors: Nohama Norton , Priscila Simão-Silva Daiane
Published: November 2023

Este artigo parte de uma questão central na Bioética Global de Van Rensselaer Potter: como aplicá-la à realidade concreta? Hipotenizamos que uma possibilidade de resposta poderia ser vislumbrada convergindo os seus elementos centrais com o caminho hermenêutico percorrido pelo autor a partir de seu “lugar de fala”. Metodologicamente, adotamos uma investigação crítico-analítica da sua obra. Discutimos que para além da originalidade da proposta, ela requer um novo olhar e um outro agir, envolve um caminho pragmático, ousado, uma linguagem própria e uma metodologia sui generis que precisa ser adequadamente compreendida. Concluímos que a obra de Potter, como ele próprio parece sugerir, não encerra em si um sistema bioético pronto e acabado, mas antes disso, um método para o construir, a partir do qual é possível a sua aplicação.
Aspectos bioéticos de la investigación preclínica para la evaluación farmacológica del suplemento nutricional LECISAN®
Authors: Cala-Calviño Leidys , Dunán Cala Lianne
Published: November 2023

Siempre deben buscarse técnicas alternativas al uso de animales para el avance del conocimiento científico, pero cuando estas no existan, o las existentes no sean lo suficientemente eficaces, debemos contar con la experimentación animal adoptando una posición bioética. El gran dilema ético, considerado el problema social en esta investigación, es el uso de animales en la experimentación y el cumplimiento de aspectos bioéticos, lo que nos lleva a reflexionar acerca de las ventajas y limitaciones de los métodos que se emplean para lograr resultados científicos, siendo el objetivo de este trabajo. Desde una posición bioética, se debe aceptar el uso de animales para experimentación, pero solo bajo ciertas condiciones. Las investigaciones en el campo de la farmacología, la incorporación de la bioética en el marco de la experimentación clínica y la observación conjunta de todos los resultados, permitirá establecer las bases para proponer indicaciones precisas del producto LECISAN® y su futuro registro como medicamento.
Designing an Online PD program with 4C/ID from Scratch
Authors: Kukharuk Alexey , Goda Yoshiko , Suzuki Katsuaki
Published: November 2023

The original impetus for the design of our professional development (PD) program came from the first author’s interest in PD in general and what makes it effective. We begin our presentation with a brief explanation of the core literature that affected our thinking and then introduce the context in which and for which the PD program was designed. This is followed by a presentation of the steps we took to design our PD program with 4C/ID. For ease of reading, we split the design process into 15 distinct steps, each focusing on a major milestone in the design process and introducing the challenges we faced during the process. We finish the presentation with our reflections on the design process and final remarks.
Editorial Board
Authors: . .
Published: November 2023

Editorial Board
What do science teachers do during the summer
Authors: Editorial Board THST
Published: November 2023

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HASTI Awards Nominations
Authors: Board of Directors HASTI
Published: November 2023

Do you know an outstanding science educator? You can nominate that person for one of the HASTI awards. Learn more about each award and how to nominate someone .
Inżynieria literacka Zygmunta Haupta
Authors: Zając Michał
Published: November 2023

Prezentowany artykuł podejmuje tematykę konstrukcji świata przedstawionego, a zwłaszcza literackich postaci, w prozie Zygmunta Haupta z wykorzystaniem narzędzi psychoanalizy Sigmunda Freuda oraz Jacques’a Lacana. Szczególnie istotna w tym kontekście okazuje się koncepcja popędu jako artystycznego montażu wypracowana przez francuskiego psychoanalityka. Z jej pomocą analizie poddane zostały literackie portrety wybranych bohaterek Haupta. Proza ta, skonstruowana na zasadzie montażu wspomnień, wskazuje jednocześnie na sam mechanizm wyobrażeniowej reprezentacji napędzany przez sprężynę popędową. To ona jest podstawą sceny, na której prezentowane są poszczególne postaci, ona je napędza, ona wreszcie jest metaforą ukazującą mechanizm wspominania i pisania. Napędzane przez sprężynę popędową postaci Haupta przypominają lalki albo manekiny, wskazując tym samym również na surrealistyczną tradycję, w obrębie której przedstawienia te mogą być lokowane.
Europejskie ugrupowanie współpracy terytorialnej. Analiza instrumentu prawnego w wybranych państwach Grupy Wyszehradzkiej
Authors: Jacolik Magdalena
Published: November 2023

Artykuł obejmuje tematykę współpracy terytorialnej podejmowanej w formie europejskiego ugrupowania współpracy terytorialnej. Celem badawczym jest jego prawna charakterystyka na gruncie przepisów prawa unijnego. Za cel przyjęto także próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, jak odnośne ugrupowanie jest uregulowane w Polsce, na Węgrzech i w Republice Słowackiej. W pracy wykorzystano dwie metody badawcze: metodę dogmatycznoprawną oraz prawnoporównawczą. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że uregulowanie EUWT w Polsce, na Węgrzech i w Republice Słowackiej różni się, niemniej występują też elementy analogiczne. Poruszona tematyka jest istotna z punktu widzenia realizacji celów traktatowych przez państwa członkowskie UE, do których należy podejmowanie działań na rzecz rozwoju i spójności. Do tych działań przyczynia się podejmowanie współpracy w formie EUWT.
Instytucjonalizacja budżetu obywatelskiego na szczeblu gminnym – ocena unormowań ustawowych
Authors: Jankowska Karolina
Published: November 2023

Przedmiot artykułu stanowi poddanie ocenie unormowań dotyczących budżetu obywatelskiego (partycypacyjnego) na szczeblu gminnym wprowadzonych nowelizacją z dnia 11 stycznia 2018 r. W tym celu wykorzystana została metoda dogmatycznoprawna, której przedmiot stanowiła analiza regulacji zawartych w Ustawie z dnia 8 marca 1990 r. o samorządzie gminnym. W opracowaniu przedstawiono różne stanowiska (zarówno afirmujące, jak i krytyczne) występujące w literaturze przedmiotu oraz doktrynie, odnoszące się do wprowadzonych przepisów, a także proponowane przez autorów zmiany poszczególnych unormowań. Problematyka niedawnej instytucjonalizacji budżetu obywatelskiego jest ważna ze względu na ostatnią (z 2022 r.) nowelizację jednego z artykułów go regulujących, która z punktu widzenia nauki prawa czyni istotnym dokonanie analizy również pozostałych przepisów.
Non-Fungible Token (NFT) jako przedmiot umowy
Authors: Jurczuk Magdalena
Published: November 2023

Celem artykułu jest próba prawnej klasyfikacji Non-Fungible Token jako przedmiotu cyfrowej transakcji. Ponadto, wykorzystując analizę wybranych przepisów prawnych i dokumentów, przeprowadza się również rozważania dotyczące prawnego charakteru umowy nabycia NFT. Non-Fungible Token jest cyfrowym aktywem, które może reprezentować różnorodne treści. Dzięki szerokiemu zastosowaniu nie podlega jednoznacznej klasyfikacji. Analiza wskazuje, że instrumentem prawnym najlepiej realizującym istotę tokena jest znak legitymizacyjny. W szerszym znaczeniu NFT można zaliczyć do mienia, a ściślej – prawa majątkowego. Umowę nabycia niewymiennego tokena można określić jako umowę zamiany odpowiedniej kryptowaluty na cyfrowe aktywo, składające się przynajmniej z oznaczenia token ID oraz adresu smart kontraktu. Ważnym obowiązkiem strony transakcji jest udzielenie informacji na temat właściwości tokena przed zawarciem umowy, a dokonując oceny NFT, należy analizować jego metadane oraz dostępne informacje.
Przepis art. 266 § 1a Kodeksu postępowania karnego – zagrożenia i wątpliwości
Authors: Łyczewski Kosma
Published: November 2023

Artykuł ma na celu wykazanie zagrożeń i wątpliwości wywołanych przez regulację zawartą w art. 266 § 1a Kodeksu postępowania karnego. Autor porusza kwestie potencjalnej sprzeczności wprowadzonego przepisu z Konstytucją RP i Europejską Konwencją Praw Człowieka, wpływu nowelizacji na wydatki państwa oraz stosowanie innych środków zapobiegawczych, przede wszystkim tymczasowego aresztowania. Zdaniem autora wprowadzona regulacja stwarza ryzyko zbyt dużej swobody interpretacji, co może powodować rozbieżności w jej praktycznym stosowaniu. W opracowaniu są także zawarte rozważania dotyczące celowości zmian w zakresie poręczenia majątkowego oraz konsekwencji ich stosowania w nowej, zmienionej formie.
Construction of analytical solutions to systems of two stochastic differential equations
Authors: Navickas Zenonas , Telksniene Inga , Telksnys Tadas , Marcinkevicius Romas , Ragulskis Minvydas
Published: November 2023

A scheme for the stochastization of systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) based on Itô calculus is presented in this article. Using the presented techniques, a system of stochastic differential equations (SDEs) can be constructed in such a way that eliminating the stochastic component yields the original system of ODEs. One of the main benefits of this scheme is the ability to construct analytical solutions to SDEs with the use of special vector-valued functions, which significantly differs from the randomization approach, which can only be applied via numerical integration. Moreover, using the presented techniques, a system of ODEs and SDEs can be constructed from a given diffusion function, which governs the uncertainty of a particular process.
Investigation of the effects of halloysite nanoclay on friction and wear behavior of automotive brake pads
Authors: Bayrakçeken Hüseyin , Yavuz Hicri
Published: November 2023

They are produced with the desired performance with friction modifiers, reinforcements, lubricants, binders, and fillers used in various properties in brake pads. This study investigated the effect of the use of halloysite nanoclay material used in different sectors as a filler in brake pads. The hot-pressing method produced brake pad samples containing 10–15 % and 20 % halloysite nanoclay. A full-scale brake pad tester determined the samples’ friction coefficient and wear rates. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and 3D profilometer analyses were performed on the worn sample surfaces after the experiment. As a result, it was determined that the halloysite nanoclay samples met the desired brake lining properties.
In pursuit of epistemic authority in public intellectual engagement: the case of language and gender
Authors: Erdocia Iker , Soler Josep
Published: November 2023

Public intellectual life is an area of inquiry that has not received a great deal of attention within the field of sociolinguistics. This article investigates the performative dimension of public intellectual engagement in the area of language and gender and, more specifically, how epistemic authority about gender-neutral language is constructed in public intellectual contributions in Catalonia, Spain. Adopting Arendt’s notion of truth claim and the Foucauldian concepts of regimes of truth and epistemic sovereignty, we empirically examine the mechanisms of reception and validation of the public engagements of one highly visible linguistic scholar. Our study shows the ways in which this intellectual figure strives to be recognised as having exclusive scientific authority about language. We argue that pursuing the allegedly impartial standpoint of epistemic authority about gender and language inevitably advances the interests of specific political actors and large media corporations of a conservative strand that fervently oppose gender-neutral language.
Der Religionsunterricht im Spiegel der sechsten Kirchenmitgliedschaftsuntersuchung – Die Daten im Überblick
Authors: Hock Johanna
Published: November 2023

Dieser Beitrag zielt auf Grundlage der sechsten Kirchenmitgliedschaftsuntersuchung darauf, einen Überblick über die Wahrnehmung und Beurteilung des Religionsunterrichts in Deutschland zu geben. Die visuelle Darstellung univariater und bivariater Statistiken zeigt unter anderem, dass eine Diskrepanz zwischen Ideal und Wirklichkeit besteht. Positive Einflussfaktoren stellen insbesondere eine pluralitätssensible Unterrichtsgestaltung sowie eine religiöse Primär- und Sekundärsozialisation dar. Die Ergebnisse sind in den Sachverhalt eingebettet, dass der Religionsunterricht zu ähnlichen Anteilen von Konfessionslosen, Katholischen und Evangelischen besucht wird. Auf diese Weise bereichern die Daten aktuelle Debatten um die Pluralitäts- und Zukunftsfähigkeit des Religionsunterrichts an öffentlichen Schulen in Deutschland um eine empirische Perspektive.
“Liberdade Ainda que Tardia”
Authors: Narciso dos Santos Thiago
Published: November 2023

O processo de intolerância religiosa na Península Ibérica ganha contornos mais definidos, a partir do século XV, quando já é possível perceber consolidadas iniciativas promovidas pela Igreja Católica para o cerceamento da liberdade de grupos não cristãos, os chamados hereges. Uma série de aparelhos repressores foram instalados e forçaram os judeus a abdicarem de tudo que os caracterizava, como seus rituais e simbolismos, suas sinagogas e até mesmo de sua identidade que os ligavam entre si. Este artigo, busca, mediante uma pesquisa bibliográfica, apresentar os fatores que foram fundamentais para a constituição da cultura judaica na Capitania do Ouro. Além disso, perceber a importância do Ciclo do Ouro para a consolidação dos cristãos-novos em Minas e seus resquícios até hoje percebidos.
“A Primeira Missa no Brasil”
Authors: Henrique Batistella Pedro
Published: November 2023

Neste artigo proponho uma análise de alguns aspectos que constituíram a cerimônia religiosa dos 500 anos de Evangelização do Brasil realizado no território indígena de Coroa Vermelha, Bahia, no dia 26 de abril de 2000. O objetivo consiste em refletir sobre duas dimensões do evento: 1. a encenação ritualística que conformou a cerimônia, atentando para a dinâmica de atualização do relato da “Carta de Achamento” de Pero Vaz de Caminha e da pintura “A Primeira Missa no Brasil” de Victor Meirelles, entendidos como matrizes que basearam o cerimonial; 2. o discurso não previsto da liderança indígena Matalawê Pataxó no púlpito da cerimônia. Com base nisso, realiza-se uma reflexão teórica sobre as inter-relações entre usos do passado, nação, raça e temporalidade na conjuntura da Nova República brasileira.
Náufragos-Imigrantes no Brasil-Paraíso
Authors: Oliveira da Silva Isabella
Published: November 2023

O presente artigo visa abordar a vinda de imigrantes europeus ao Brasil no contexto marcado pelo fim da escravidão e pela instauração de um governo republicano. Em um momento em que se almejava o fortalecimento de uma identidade nacional, teorias eugenistas impunham um viés positivo ao processo de mestiçagem, visando embranquecer a sociedade brasileira através do imigrante europeu, que chegava em nossas terras atraídos pela oportunidade de melhores condições de vida e trabalho, Através da análise de imagens publicadas na revista ilustrada O Malho, esta pesquisa objetiva perceber como a construção do Brasil como terra prometida para os imigrantes se contrapõe à realidade vivenciada por este grupo no nosso país, cujas dificuldades podem ser notadas até mesmo durante a travessia do Atlântico.
Acquired stress resilience through bacteria‐to‐nematode interdomain horizontal gene transfer
Authors: Pandey Taruna , Kalluraya Chinmay A , Wang Bingying , Xu Ting , Huang Xinya , Guang Shouhong , Daugherty Matthew D , Ma Dengke K
Published: November 2023

Natural selection drives the acquisition of organismal resilience traits to protect against adverse environments. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is an important evolutionary mechanism for the acquisition of novel traits, including metazoan acquisitions in immunity, metabolic, and reproduction function via interdomain HGT (iHGT) from bacteria. Here, we report that the nematode gene rml‐3 has been acquired by iHGT from bacteria and that it enables exoskeleton resilience and protection against environmental toxins in Caenorhabditis elegans. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that diverse nematode RML‐3 proteins form a single monophyletic clade most similar to bacterial enzymes that biosynthesize L‐rhamnose, a cell‐wall polysaccharide component. C. elegans rml‐3 is highly expressed during larval development and upregulated in developing seam cells upon heat stress and during the stress‐resistant dauer stage. rml‐3 deficiency impairs cuticle integrity, barrier functions, and nematode stress resilience, phenotypes that can be rescued by exogenous L‐rhamnose. We propose that interdomain HGT of an ancient bacterial rml‐3 homolog has enabled L‐rhamnose biosynthesis in nematodes, facilitating cuticle integrity and organismal resilience to environmental stressors during evolution. These findings highlight a remarkable contribution of iHGT on metazoan evolution conferred by the domestication of a bacterial gene.
Structure and mechanism of a eukaryotic ceramide synthase complex
Authors: Xie Tian , Fang Qi , Zhang Zike , Wang Yanfei , Dong Feitong , Gong Xin
Published: November 2023

Ceramide synthases (CerS) catalyze ceramide formation via N‐acylation of a sphingoid base with a fatty acyl‐CoA and are attractive drug targets for treating numerous metabolic diseases and cancers. Here, we present the cryo‐EM structure of a yeast CerS complex, consisting of a catalytic Lac1 subunit and a regulatory Lip1 subunit, in complex with C26‐CoA substrate. The CerS holoenzyme exists as a dimer of Lac1‐Lip1 heterodimers. Lac1 contains a hydrophilic reaction chamber and a hydrophobic tunnel for binding the CoA moiety and C26‐acyl chain of C26‐CoA, respectively. Lip1 interacts with both the transmembrane region and the last luminal loop of Lac1 to maintain the proper acyl chain binding tunnel. A lateral opening on Lac1 serves as a potential entrance for the sphingoid base substrate. Our findings provide a template for understanding the working mechanism of eukaryotic ceramide synthases and may facilitate the development of therapeutic CerS modulators.
El uso de RISCANVI en la toma de decisiones penitenciarias
Authors: Alemán Aróstegui Lorena
Published: November 2023

Las condiciones de la ejecución penitenciaria, que afectan al nivel de restricción de la libertad, se vinculan con la evolución de las personas privadas de libertad en su proceso de rehabilitación. Las tendencias político-criminales del riesgo que se observan en las últimas décadas han dado lugar a que, en las evaluaciones de esa evolución, tenga un peso cada vez mayor la valoración del riesgo. En este sentido, destaca el uso de las herramientas de valoración y gestión de riesgos en el ámbito penitenciario y, en concreto, el protocolo RisCanvi en el sistema penitenciario catalán. Desde una perspectiva jurídico-penal, y desde la preocupación por el respeto a los derechos fundamentales de las personas privadas de libertad, en este trabajo, se plantea el análisis del uso que se hace del RisCanvi en la toma de decisiones penitenciarias. Para ello, se realiza un estudio a través de entrevistas a los agentes que participan en la toma de decisiones penitenciarias que pretende mostrar a qué realidad debe enfrentarse un Derecho penal con garantías.
Exploring collaboration within Edmonton's City Table on Household Food Insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ferdinands Alexa Rae , Lavriv Oleg , Beckie Mary , Mayan Maria
Published: November 2023

During the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been unprecedented attention and funding toward addressing household food insecurity (HFI) in Canada. In Edmonton, a virtual "City Table" was developed to coordinate the myriad of HFI responses and begin to explore and address systemic issues underlying HFI. In this qualitative descriptive study, we asked: what are the opportunities for and challenges to collaboratively addressing HFI within Edmonton's City Table? In 2020, we conducted nine interviews with diverse professionals representing a local funding agency, the municipal food council, the City of Edmonton (community social work), the Edmonton Food Bank, the University of Alberta, ethno-cultural organizations, and other not-for-profit organizations supporting people experiencing poverty. Wenger's three modes of identification in a community of practice (CoP)—engagement, imagination, and alignment—were used to conceptually frame our qualitative analysis. Overall, we found that the HFI response sector reflects the beginnings of a CoP, but that inter-agency competition for funding and donations presents obstacles to the collaborative process. Findings highlight parallels between agencies and their clients, such as the mazes they must navigate to access resources. However, collaboration was facilitated by agencies' ideological cohesion and their shared struggle to address root causes of HFI. Analyses revealed some engagement amongst City Table members, but sparser imagination and alignment. A CoP does not yet exist because all three modes of identification are deficient in varying ways. Building engagement between agencies, shifting staff's imagination to a collective cause, and aligning practices are monumental tasks in this context.
Intersections of race, COVID-19 pandemic, and food security in Black identifying Canadian households: A scoping review
Authors: Mori Keji , Onyango Elizabeth
Published: November 2023

Although studies have identified food insecurity as a racialized inequity issue disproportionately affecting Black identifying Canadians, research exploring how anti-Black racism across multiple systems create inequities including increased risk for food insecurity among African Caribbean Black identifying households in Canada, is limited. Using an intersectionality lens, this scoping review addresses this knowledge gap by elucidating the intersectionality of race with multiple social determinants of health that directly and indirectly impedes Black people (both of African and Caribbean descent) from accessing adequate and appropriate food, resulting in disproportionate health and social outcomes. Critical analyses of twelve journal articles identified systematically and the review of government and organizational reports and websites reveal that food security in Black identifying individuals in Canada is a racialized emergent public health issue rooted in structural and systemic racism that intersects with multiple determinants of health to produce grave social and economic inequities. The recent COVID-19 pandemic intensified these inequities by increasing food insecurity in Black identifying households in Canada. Cultural food security, referring to the ability to acquire and access culturally appropriate foods to one’s ethnic origins as fulfilment to cultural identity, is an interrelated and foundational pillar to food security yet one that is grossly unacknowledged in current actions. National policies are thus needed that recognize cultural food security, and address root causes through increased social support and sustainable food systems. A reasonable first step to ensure the cultural relevance of policies and initiatives is the active engagement of Black communities.
M. M. Tareev’s kenotic ecclesiology: an attempt at a reconstruction
Authors: Malyshev Artem
Published: November 2023

The article attempts to reconstruct and comprehensively analyze the ecclesiological conception of Mikhail Mikhailovich Tareev (1867-1934), Professor of Moral Theology at the Moscow Theological Academy at the beginning of the 20th century. The study consistently outlines the characteristic features of Tareev's theological approach, examines the features of his ecclesiology, proves the author's definition of his ecclesiology as kenotic. The specifics of the Tareev’s method is the division of the elements of the problem being analyzed into categories of absolute (internal) and relative (external). In other words, this problem appears in his extensive legacy as a problem of the correlation of content and form. Russian theologian understands the Church as a form of Christianity. Christianity as an inner, mystical, spiritual life has the life of the Church as its vestment. Christianity is possible only in the Church, and produces it. Being the realization of spiritual life in the world (“mir”), the Church must be holy and free from the world. At the same time, it is through the Church that the Christian spirit, or the spirit of Christ, influences the world, transforms it by Christ’s grace. According to Tareev, Christians represent a golden chain, on the one hand, connected with Christ and the saints, on the other hand, uniting all the living faithful. The Church is defined by the Russian theologian as a Society, a Kingdom, an Organism, a Union etc.; it is founded by Christ during His sufferings. Church’s purpose is to serve as an intermediary between the mystical life of the individual and the historical life of society. Due to the symmetry of Tareev's Christology and ecclesiology, the latter is defined as kenotic. The article ends with the designation of possible reasons for Tareev's formulation of his idea of the Church
The problem of personalism in linguophilosophy of revd. Pavel Florensky: modern receptions
Authors: Gravin Artryom
Published: November 2023

This paper considers some provisions of Father Pavel Florensky's philosophy of language (and more broadly, the philosophy of the symbol) from the perspective of its reception in contemporary historical-philosophical and linguophilosophical studies. It is shown that the problematization of the question of personalistic or imperpersonalistic nature of Florensky's philosophy can be carried out in several perspectives: critical, apologetic, constructivist. As an example of critical reception we considered the theses of S. S. Khoruzhy, who noted the absence of a developed anthropology in Florensky's symbolist discourse and evaluated his philosophy of the symbol as impersonalistic. It is shown that Khoruzhy's categorical assessment requires correction in the perspective of a more detailed analysis of the intention concept in Florensky's philosophy. The paper also considered the apologetic reception of S. M. Polovinkin, who revealed the personalistic content of Florensky's philosophy (including the philosophy of language) by considering the inherent subject-object unity and asserting the fundamental importance of the volitional aspect ("striving") in the realization of the connection between man and objective reality (symbolic-creation). As an example of creative reconstruction we considered the works of L. A. Gogotishvili, who proposed to consider the status of "ego" in Florensky's linguophilosophy from two points of view: on the one hand, as a condition for expressing transcendental meaning in immanent forms; on the other hand, as a guarantee of communicative intension and attention, connecting the personal "ego" with the word and image. This reconstruction of Florensky's ideas was labeled by Gogotishvili with the term "round" discourse. It is shown that Gogotishvili's reception is novative and developing Florensky's ideas in the linguophilosophical perspective. In conclusion, it was suggested that Gogotishvili's concept of "round" discourse and the possibility of communicative interpretation of Florensky's linguophilosophy lies in his epistemology related to the idea of personalization of cognizable reality.It is concluded that the absence of a detailed comprehension of the problematics of communicativity and intensionality in Florensky's philosophical discourse, on the one hand, reveals his vulnerability to criticism (accusation of impersonalism), on the other hand, allows for a creative reconstructive reception associated with the actualization of not always obvious potentialities of personalism in Florensky's thought.