bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DAN ANALISIS EKSTRAK AKAR PARANG ROMANG (Boehmeria virgata (Forst) Guill) METODE KLT-BIOAUTOGRAFI
Authors: Mustiqawati Evi
Published: April 2021

Tumbuhan memiliki senyawa kimia aktif yang dapat berfungsi sebagai antibakteri, salah satunya adalah tumbuhan parang romang (Boehmeria virgata (Forst) Guill). Bakteri merupakan salah satu makluk hidup yang dapat menyebabkan banyak penyakit. Resistensi multidrug merupakan salah satu yang perlu diperhatikan.Olehnya itu, perkembangan ilmu sains dan kesehatan merupakan tantangan untuk perkembangan solusi baru pada antibiotik. Beberapa penelitian multinasional dilakukan untuk menentukan prevalensi penggunaan jamu pada infeksi akibat mikroorganisme. Penggunaan zat tumbuhan seperti alkaloid, senyawa organosulfur, asam fenolik, flavonoid, karotenoid, kumarin, terpenoid, tanin, menarik di teliti sebagai pengembangan dalam ilmu sains dan kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak akar parang romang (Boehmeria virgata (Forst) Guill) terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Serta mengidentifikasi komponen kimia pada ekstrak akar parang romang (Boehmeria virgata (Forst) Guill) sebagai antibakteri. Hasil penelitian yaitu nilai Rf pada pengujian KLT-Bioautografi terdapat 3 yaitu 0,09 0,27 dan 0,36 serta komponen kimia aktif pada ekstrak akar parang romang (Boehmeria virgata (Forst) Guill) memberikan hasil positif terhadap penampak bercak yaitu pada golongan terpenoid, alkaloid, fenol dan flavonoid. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu ekstrak akar parang romang (Boehmeria virgata (Forst) Guill) pada konsentrasi 1mg/mL dapat menghambat Streptococcus mutans dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG RỐI LOẠN HÀNH VI Ở BỆNH NHÂN RỐI LOẠN TÂM THẦN DO SỬ DỤNG CÁC CHẤT DẠNG AMPHETAMINE
Authors: Nguyễn Khắc Dũng , Vũ Thy Cầm
Published: April 2021

Các triệu chứng rối loạn hành vi ở bệnh nhân rối loạn tâm thần do sử dụng các chất dạng Amphetamine (ATS) rất đa dạng, dẫn đến khó khăn trong chẩn đoán và điều trị. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Mô tả đặc điểm lâm sàng rối loạn hành vi ở bệnh nhân rối loạn tâm thần do sử dụng ATS điều trị nội trú. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu chùm case bệnh trên 74 bệnh nhân rối loạn tâm thần do sử dụng ATS điều trị nội trú tại Viện Sức khỏe tâm thần Quốc gia, Bệnh viện tâm thần TƯ 1, Bệnh viện tâm thần Hà Nội từ tháng 9/ 2019 đến tháng 8/2020. Kết quả: Các triệu chứng thường gặp do ATS là tăng hoạt động (54%), hành vi kích động (62%), hành vi do hoang tưởng, ảo giác chi phối (47,3%). Có mối liên quan giữa hành vi tăng hoạt động, hành vi xung động, hành vi gây hấn, hành vi hủy hoại tài sản với hành vi kích động (p<0,05). Không có mối liên quan giữa hành vi tăng động, hành vi kích động, hành vi gây hấn, hành vi xung động với hoang tưởng, ảo giác (p>0,05).
ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG RỐI LOẠN CẢM XÚC Ở BỆNH NHÂN ĐỘNG KINH ĐIỀU TRỊ NGOẠI TRÚ
Authors: Phạm Phương Mai , Nguyễn Mạnh Hoàn
Published: April 2021

Đặt vấn đề: Động kinh là bệnh lý mạn tính phổ biến do tổn thương ở não gây nên. Bản chất của động kinh là sự phóng lực bất thường đột ngột quá mức của các tế bào thần kinh. Rối loạn cảm xúc rất thường gặp ở bệnh nhân động kinh, không chỉ làm giảm nghiêm trọng chất lượng cuộc sống của bệnh nhân mà còn tạo ra nguy cơ tử vong bằng cách tự sát. Việc tìm hiểu rối loạn này trên bệnh nhân động kinh nhằm nhận biết, chẩn đoán và điều trị, tiên lượng người bệnh được tốt hơn. Mục tiêu: Mô tả đặc điểm lâm sàng rối loạn cảm xúc ở bênh nhân động kinh điều tri ngoại trú. Đối tượng: 80 bệnh nhân động kinh chẩn đoán rối loạn cảm xúc theo tiêu chuẩn của bảng phân loại bệnh quốc tế lần thứ 10 (ICD-10). Phương pháp: Nghiên cứu là mô tả lâm sàng. Thời gian nghiên cứu từ 03/2020 đến hết 10/2020, nghiên cứu được thực hiện tại Bệnh viện Tâm thần ban ngày Mai Hương. Kết quả: Trong 80 bệnh nhân nghiên cứu có độ tuổi trung bình của nhóm là 39 ±15,012, nam chiếm 56,2%, nữ chiếm 43,8% . Động kinh cục bộ toàn thể hóa 48,1%, động kinh toàn thể 25,3%, động kinh cục bộ 13,9% và động kinh phức tạp 12,7%. Rối loạn khí sắc (loạn khí sắc, bùng nổ, cáu gắt) 43,8%, trầm cảm 25%, lo âu 12,5%. Các triệu chứng trầm cảm khí sắc trầm 26,2%, mất quan tâm thích thú 22,5%, giảm năng lượng dễ mệt mỏi 20%, rối loạn giấc ngủ 50%, giảm tập trung chú ý 43,8%. Các triệu chứng lo âu căng thẳng mệt mỏi 41,2%, mất kiềm chế dễ nổi cáu 38,8%. Khí sắc dai dẳng hay cáu gắt 21,2%, cảm xúc bùng nổ 16,2%. Kết luận: Rối loạn cảm xúc ở bênh nhân động kinh gặp nhiều là các rối loạn khí sắc dai dẳng cáu gắt, cảm xúc bùng nổ. Trầm cảm chủ yếu khí sắc trầm mất quan tâm thích thú, rối loạn giấc ngủ và giảm tập trung chú ý. Lo âu chủ yếu là căng thẳng mệt mỏi sau đó là mất kiềm chế dễ nổi cáu.
THỰC TRẠNG NHÂN LỰC VÀ PHÂN TÍCH MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ ẢNH HƯỞNG ĐẾN NHÂN LỰC KHỐI Y TẾ DỰ PHÒNG THUỘC TRUNG TÂM Y TẾ THỊ XÃ SÔNG CẦU, TỈNH PHÚ YÊN, GIAI ĐOẠN 2017-2019
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Tường Lịnh , Phan Văn Trọng , Phùng Thanh Hùng
Published: April 2021

Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang, kết hợp định lượng và định tính được thực hiện với mục tiêu: (1) Mô tả thực trạng nhân lực y tế dự phòng và (2) Phân tích các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến thực trạng nhân lực y tế dự phòng thuộc Trung tâm Y tế thị xã Sông Cầu giai đoạn 2017-2019. Kết quả cho thấy: số lượng biên chế nhân lực y tế dự phòng hiện phù hợp với quy định của nhà nước, độ tuổi phù hợp (30 - 50 chiếm 53,9%). Về cơ cấu theo chuyên môn, tỷ lệ cơ cấu còn chưa phù hợp, tỷ lệ bác sĩ thấp (10,4%). Về trình độ, tỷ lệ có trình độ Đại học tại Trung tâm Y tế (71,4%) cao hơn so với bình quân chung trong khi tại các Trạm Y tế (8,8%) thấp hơn so với bình quân chung. Về yếu tố ảnh hưởng, nhóm nhân tố tích cực gồm có: Chính sách ưu đãi thu hút với chủ trương theo Nghị quyết 110/2014/NQ- HĐND; Công tác lập kế hoạch nhân sự được đổi mới cùng quy trình tuyển dụng được hoàn thiện; Hệ thống cơ sở hạ tầng được hoàn thiện; Quy trình đánh giá cán bộ được đổi mới; Đào tạo được khuyến khích. Nhóm yếu tố chưa tích cực gồm có: Đánh giá không theo/thiếu quy trình; Thiếu kinh phí hỗ trợ cho đào tạo, tập huấn; Thu nhập thấp.
ĐÁNH GIÁ KẾT QUẢ THAY KHỚP HÁNG TOÀN PHẦN KHÔNG XI MĂNG Ở BỆNH NHÂN HOẠI TỬ VÔ KHUẨN CHỎM XƯƠNG ĐÙI GIAI ĐOẠN IV, V VÀ VI
Authors: Mai Đắc Việt , Nguyễn Thu Thủy
Published: April 2021

Thông báo kết quả thay khớp háng toàn phần không xi măng sử dụng chuôi khớp Corail được phủ hydroxyapatite (HA) toàn bộ ở bệnh nhân 60 tuổi hoặc trẻ hơn bị hoại tử vô khuẩn chỏm xương đùi giai đoạn IV, V và VI. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu tiến cứu, theo dõi dọc 90 khớp háng bị hoại tử vô khuẩn chỏm xương đùi giai đoạn IV, V và VI với 90 bệnh nhân được đánh giá lâm sàng, Xquang với thời gian theo dõi tối thiểu 5 năm. Kết quả và kết luận: Điểm Harris khớp háng trước phẫu thuật từ 43.74 ± 9,25, tăng lên 96.67 ± 3.82 điểm sau phẫu thuật tại thời điểm theo dõi cuối cùng. 90 khớp háng (100%) được chứng mính ổn định với sự mọc xương vào bề mặt chuôi khớp. Không có khớp háng nào tiêu xương, lỏng hoặc yêu cầu thay lại do lỏng vô khuẩn hoặc nhiễm trùng. Chúng tôi tin rằng khớp toàn phần không xi măng với chuôi khớp Corail là một lựa chọn tốt cho bệnh nhân trẻ và có mức hoạt động trung bình và cao bị hoại tử vô khuẩn chỏm xương đùi.
Production Diversity and Constraints in Smallholder Farms in the Bamboutos Mountain
Authors: Nkembi Louis , Nkengafac Njukeng Jetro , Mubeteneh Tankou Christopher
Published: April 2021

Smallholder farmer agricultural productivity in developing countries is more often diverse and limited by diverse constraints. For optimal agricultural production and income crops for diversification must be carefully selected and the constraints properly addressed. The objective of this study was to establish a list of the major crops planted in the Bamboutos mountain landscape and the constraints faced by the smallholder farmers. During a survey, 261 household heads responded were randomly selected and the questions administered to them. A majority of the household heads were men and were literate and most of them were younger than 55 years. Crop and livestock production were the main income generating activities of the respondents. Most of the farmers` land sizes were less than 5a and land ownership was through inheritance, purchase or rent. The small holder farmers in the study area planted a variety of both annual and perennial crops. These crops were sold, consumed or had ornamental/cultural values. The farmers faced a number of problems in animal and crop production with the most cited constraints being lack of inputs, lack of capital, bad roads and climate change. The results of this study suggest that crop diversification should be encouraged within the study area, policy and stakeholder intervention should concentrate on solving the cited constraints for sustainable food production and conservation of biodiversity.

Keywords: Crops, Constraints, Diversification, Smallholders.
The Effect of Brand Equity and Electronic Word of Mouth (E - WOM) on Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty in E-commerce Marketplace
Authors: Hendrata Adhy Arya , Tinaprilla Netti , Safari Arief
Published: April 2021

E-commerce in Indonesia is currently developing rapidly in line with the era of globalization. Brand equity and electronic word of mouth is one aspect that e-commerce really cares about. Tokopedia, Shopee, Lazada and Bukalapak are competing fiercely to maintain their competitive advantage by creating good brand equity. Therefore, it is interesting to learn about brand equity in building customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. The aim of this study is (1) Analyzing brand equity in the e-commerce marketplace, (2) Calculating the level of overall consumer satisfaction and loyalty to the four e-commerce marketplaces,(3) Identifying the elements of brand equity and electronic word of mouth that affect brand satisfaction and loyalty to the four e-commerce marketplace companies. The sampling technique in research uses non-probability sampling method with convenience sampling technique. This study used a total sample of 100 people service users of the e-commerce marketplace companies Tokopedia, Shopee, Lazada, and Bukalapak. Processed using SEM-PLS. Based on the research results, the elements of brand equity and electronic word of mouth have a positive influence on consumer satisfaction. In the Tokopedia and Shopee brands, there is one element of brand equity that has no effect, namely brand association and brand awareness. Lazada, one element that affects satisfaction, Bukalapak has a positive effect on satisfaction, namely electronic word of mouth. Consumer satisfaction has a significant positive effect on consumer loyalty.

Keywords: E-Wom, Brand Equity, Customer Loyalty, Customer Satisfaction, SEM-PLS.
Results of chemoembolization in hepatocellular cancer
and metastatic liver damage
Authors: Shakeyev K. , Kabildina N. , Lytkin V. , Zhumakaev A. , Kruk E. , Usembekov U. , Murat A.
Published: April 2021

Relevance: Treatment of patients with hepatocellular

cancer remains a complex problem in modern oncology.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of chemoembolization in hepatocellular cancer and metastatic liver disease.

Results: During and after the procedure, the risk

of complications was minimal: in 2 cases (0.25%), liver

necrosis and death from cardiovascular insufficiency

were recorded after five therapy courses. Eleven patients (23.9%) with a continued tumor growth showed a negative response and were administered symptomatic treatment.

Conclusion: In primary hepatocellular cancer and

metastatic liver lesions, chemoembolization is one of the

priorities in interventional radiology and a stage of complex treatment. This method is low-traumatic due to a minimal toxic effect of the chemotherapy drug. This method is indicated for inoperable liver tumors because a high concentration of an anticancer drug is delivered right to the focus and ensures a prolonged tumor exposure, with minimal risk of complications during and after the procedure. In our observations, complications in the form of necrosis and death occurred in 2 (0.25%) cases
Radiation injuries during combined radiation treatment of locally distributed cervical cancer: A literary review
Authors: Adylkhavov T. , Zhumakanova N. , Kamzina G. , Musulmanova M. , Andreyeva O. , Lipikhina А. , Sabekov Y. , Bekkali G. , Musina A.
Published: April 2021

Relevance: Radiation therapy is one of the leading methods of treating malignant tumors of female genital organs. However, modern radiotherapeutic equipment technical capacity does not exclude the possibility of radiation complications from

healthy organs and tissues in the radiation zone. During radiation treatment (administered independently or in combination

with other methods), patients develop local radiation reactions of different intensity from related organs, such as the bladder,

rectum, and vagina, which significantly deteriorate patients’ quality of life. This also leads to involuntary interruptions in treatment and, finally, worsens the treatment outcome.

Purpose: To describe radiation injuries to pelvic organs in cervical cancer radiation treatment. It analyzes the frequency

and evidence of early and late radiation reactions from the affected organs.

Results: Radiation injuries to the pelvic organs form the basis of radiation pathology in patients with cervical cancer and

largely determine cured patients’ quality of life. Radiation complications of grade II-III, less often IV, are frequent after radiation

treatment for pelvic cancer, especially cervical cancer.

Conclusions: Despite the improvements in radiation treatment methods, there is still no unified system for preventing radiation reactions that would include algorithms for diagnosing and treating early and late radiation reactions using modern

medications and non-pharmacological options. The development and implementation of an algorithm for the correction of

radiation reactions after radiation and complex treatment for cervical cancer would timely prevent radiation and combined

complications from target organs and improve patients’ quality of life.
Penokohan Dalam Cerita Rakyat (Perspektif Linguistik Sistemik Fungsional)
Authors:   Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, FKIP Universitas Borneo Tarakan, Rafiqa Syarifa
Published: April 2021

This book discusses comprehensively about characterization in folklore with a functional systemic linguistic perspective, starting from the basic theory to the practice of applying transitivity and characterization in folklore. The writing of this book is driven by the desire to know and find the types of characterizations in literary works using a functional systemic linguistic approach, the text will be juxtaposed with revealing the transitivity system in characterization techniques that builds the text in introducing the main character. So far, research to determine characterization in literary works using intrinsic and extrinsic elements is common, but in this book a simple functional systemic linguistic approach is used that is easily understood by ordinary people and various parties for practical purposes.
EVALUASI PENDIDIKAN DAN PELATIHAN KEPEMIMPINAN DI ERA REVOLUSI INDUSTRI 4.0
Authors: Mutaqin Agus Zaenal
Published: April 2021

Educational evaluation is a process carried out in planning, obtaining, and providing information that is very necessary to make alternative decisions for an activity. The purpose of this study is to explain the quality and effectiveness of the Level IV Leadership education and training. The research method used was to use the qualitative approach of Kirkpatrick Evaluation. The result to be achieved is the availability of leadership training guides that are digitally integrated with all fields, so that the decisions to be taken can be in accordance with the times.
KONSTRUKSI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER SISWA MELALUI KETELADANAN GURU DI SEKOLAH
Authors: Aini Siti Qurratul , Syamwil Faizin
Published: April 2021

This paper analyzes the construction of student character education through exemplary education in elementary schools. The research approach used is a qualitative with library research. The data analysis technique uses content analysis. The results showed that elementary schools are the most effective place to build student character education, considering that at this age it is a golden age, and they have a strong memory for remembering everything they see and feel. Building character education at this time, will be effective, if the teacher puts himself as an individual figure who is a good example for students. Teacher modeling will have a positive impact on student development and affect the formation of students' character and personality, both in the aspects of behavior, attitudes and habits in the school environment and in the wider environment
SUPERVISI AKADEMIK DALAM MENINGKATKAN HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILL (HOTS)
Authors: Hosnan Hosnan
Published: April 2021

This paper describes the strategies used in academic supervision in improving Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) learning. This study uses the literature method because the data obtained comes from online and offline print media with content analysis techniques. In the application of HOTS learning, not all teachers are able to carry it out perfectly, for that, coaching and training are needed first. Questioning about the development of educators, of course, cannot be separated from the role of supervisors who have the role and function of fostering teachers and controlling the learning process of students. The things that are done in academic supervision in improving HOTS learning include (1) Creating harmonious relationships, (2) Needs analysis, (3) Developing strategies and media, (4) Teacher performance appraisal, (5) Follow-up, in terms of This will make changes and improvements based on what has been found in the previous assessment.
PENGELOLAAN PEER TEACHING BERBANTUKAN GADGET DALAM MENURUNKAN STRES BELAJAR SISWA DI MASA PANDEMI
Authors: BZ Zakiyah
Published: April 2021

This study aims to find out the effectiveness of peer teaching methods through Gadged in lowering student stress levels during pandemics. The subjects of this study were 40 students who had learning stress problems. Of the 40 study subjects divided into two groups, namely, 20 experimental groups and 20 control groups. The measuring instrument used in this study is a questionnaire data with student learning stress indicators in the form of 32 statement items to determine the level of learning stress experienced by students. The questionnaire is used as a pre test and post test. Data analysis techniques used are independent techniques of sample t-test using SPSS 16 program. Based on the results of research and discussion about learning stress in students, after being treated with peer teaching method through gadgets showed that the results of the 3rd output (Paired Samples Test) on learning stress variables, obtained Sig value. (2-tailed) = 0.01 in the experiment group and 0.0400 in the control group smaller than 0.05 (0.000 0.05). So it can be concluded that Ha was accepted and H0 rejected.
AS CONTRIBUIÇÕES DE VYGOTSKY AOS ESTUDOS SOBRE A LINGUAGEM DAS CRIANÇAS
Authors: Florêncio Roberto Remígio , Moreira Michele de Cassia Sabino
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo de revisão bibliográfica teve como objetivo investigar as contribuições da teoria sócio-histórica para o desenvolvimento da linguagem na criança. Fez-se uma abordagem qualitativa por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica buscando traçar os tópicos que pudessem responder a indagação da pesquisa: Qual a influência dos ambientes no desenvolvimento da linguagem infantil visto sobre a perspectiva sócio-histórica de Vygotsky? Por isso, o trabalho de pesquisa procurou se basear nas teorias e em estudos desenvolvidos a partir do autor. Com isso, foi possível identificar que o desenvolvimento da linguagem na criança sofre influências do ambiente em que está inserida. Vygotsky afirma que, mediada pela interação com outros indivíduos em determinado ambiente geo-histórico e sociocultural, a criança se torna capaz de desenvolver-se em sua capacidade linguística, em qualidade e quantidade, impulsionando posteriormente os avanços em seu desenvolvimento de pensamento, consequentemente em sua percepção, atenção e memória.
HEREDOGRAMA X FORMAS GEOMÉTRICAS: interlocuções entre ciências e matemática na infância
Authors: Leivas José Carlos Pinto , Beckmann Ana Raquel , Santos Cristina da Silva dos , Vestena Rosemar de Fátima
Published: April 2021

O artigo apresenta um estudo das práticas pedagógicas realizadas em uma disciplina de um mestrado profissional em uma universidade privada do sul do Brasil. O objetivo foi analisar possíveis interlocuções entre as áreas do conhecimento Ciências da Natureza e Matemática, a partir do recurso didático heredograma. Ao desenvolver a disciplina de forma interdisciplinar, realizada com dois professores, atuando simultaneamente na sala de aula, a possibilidade de atingir tal objetivo foi uma construção coletiva, que propiciou inovação para o ensino. Pelas características do heredograma, foi possível envolver conteúdos das duas disicplinas, articulando as peças desse artefato. Nele, estão presentes as formas geométricas nas representações das constituições dos elos hereditários. O experimento foi realizado durante a disciplina ocorrida no primeiro semestre do ano de 2019, para mestrandos pedagogos. Os resultados mostraram ser viável desenvolver a disciplina de forma interdisciplinar, envolvendo dois profissionais de áreas distintas atuando conjuntamente, além de participantes que criaram atividades por meio de jogos que possibilitaram a interlocução de saberes dessas áreas.
ATUAÇÃO DE DOCENTES DO GÊNERO MASCULINO NA EDUCAÇÃO ESPECIAL SUL-MATO-GROSSENSE
Authors: Kashiyama Pessoa Matheus Kashiyama Pessoa , Peres Gonçalves Josiane
Published: April 2021

A temática da pesquisa refere-se ao trabalho educativo exercido por professores homens que atuam na Educação Especial com alunos que possuem deficiências e teve o objetivo de identificar as percepções de docentes, familiares e gestores da área de educação especial sul-mato-grossense, em relação ao trabalho educativo desenvolvido por docentes do gênero masculino. A metodologia utilizada se caracteriza por uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo descritiva e a coleta de dados foi realizada a partir de um roteiro semiestruturado, que foi utilizado para a gravação de entrevistas individualizadas. Devido ao contexto de pandemia e adoção do isolamento social como medida de proteção ao Covid-19, a pesquisa de campo foi realizada com o uso do aparelho celular e do aplicativo Whatsaap. Participaram da pesquisa: uma gestora da APAE, um professor homem que atua na mesma APAE e uma mãe de uma menina que estudava com um professor homem em outra APAE de Mato Grosso do Sul. Os resultados do estudo evidenciam que as famílias de alunos com deficiência tendem a pensar o cuidar acima do educar. Assim, há um certo estranhamento ao ver um professor homem atuando com crianças especiais, apontando para o grande temor das mães em relação ao abuso sexual e a pedofilia, acabando por restringir o professor homem de exercer atividades voltadas ao cuidado pessoal e práticas higienistas. Percebe-se que há uma certa dificuldade dos pais e da instituição APAE de olhar o professor homem como um profissional da educação.
Liquid biopsy: a new diagnostic modality
Authors: Dey Pranab
Published: April 2021

The liquid biopsy is the most promising technology in the modern days. It plays a significant role in the diagnosis, management and finding out the minimal residual disease in carcinoma. There are three components of the liquid biopsy: circulating tumour cells (CTC), cell-free DNA (cf-DNA), and exosomes. These components carry vital information, and with the help of sophisticated technology, one can extract a large amount of data from them. The detection of the tumour-specific gene mutation in the CTC or cf-DNA may guide the clinicians about the selection of the appropriate chemotherapeutic agents. The liquid biopsy is still not applied for routine clinical use, and more research is needed in this field. In this review, the techniques and applications of liquid biopsy have been discussed.
The Responsibility to Be Hard: Comments on Ken Gemes's “The Biology of Evil”
Authors: Feldblyum Leonard
Published: April 2021

In this article, I show that attending to Nietzsche's views about breeding and human enhancement reveals two important ways in which Ken Gemes's account of Nietzsche's uses of the rhetoric of degeneration and Verjüdung must be modified. First, attending to Nietzsche's views about breeding reveals that methods like isolation, quarantine, excision, and extermination are not merely for the weak, as Gemes claims. In fact, for Nietzsche such methods are crucial for producing and maintaining healthy, strong people and societies. More generally, such methods play a vital role in Nietzsche's philosophy, including with respect to his conception of health. Second, contrary to Gemes's claim that Nietzsche was not interested in the actual Jews of his time, I show that Nietzsche was very interested in them, and thought they were important precisely for their relevance to his interest in breeding a new European aristocracy.
Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of Higher Education, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2021
Authors: Sun Susan
Published: April 2021

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of Higher Education, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2021
Characteristic of polypropylene
nanocomposite material reinforcement
with hydroxyapatite for bone replacement
Authors: Obaid M.N. , Sabr O.H. , Hussein A.A.
Published: April 2021

Purpose: Human bone suffered some degeneration due to age and accidents; therefore,
there are many interests in the prepared synthetic bone with properties nearer to natural
bone. The present study prepared a nanocomposite of polypropylene reinforced with
different weight fraction of Nano hydroxyapatite (HAp) to be used as a bone replacement
with good biological properties that enhanced the growth of osteoplastic cells and enhance
the prevention of clots and coagulates creation.
Design/methodology/approach: Nanocomposite from polypropylene reinforced with
different weight fraction of Hydroxyapatite (HAp) (1,2 and 3) % prepared by first dispersion
Nano hydroxyapatite insolvent and then mixing with a pellet of polypropylene by the twinscrew
extrusion process, the current research study the surface properties ( atomic force
microscopy (AFM), contact angle test) Moreover, it studied the characteristics of prepared
nanocomposite materials (Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Field Emission-Scanning
Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR)).
Findings: The AFM results show the surface roughness decreased with increasing
content of HAp, which diminished the chance of creation clots and coagulates on it. The
contact angle results referred to polypropylene behaviour transformed from hydrophobic
to hydrophilic with addition HAp that permission to grow the osteoplastic cell on it, so the
healing process is accelerated. Moreover, the FE-SEM images revealed uniform distribution
and good bonding between polypropylene and Hydroxyapatite. The thermal properties were
measured by the DSC test showed the melting temperature, and the enthalpy of melting
(indicated to increase the crystalline structure per cent) are increased with increasing the
percentage of Hydroxyapatite.
Research limitations/implications: This research studied the characteristics of
nanocomposite materials prepared by three steps (dispersion by ultrasonic device, manually
mixed and melting and mixing by twin extruder) which can be used as a bone replacement.
However, the main limitation was the uniform distribution of nano-hydroxyapatite within the
matrix. In a further study, the cytotoxic test can be tested to study the effect of prepared
nanocomposite on living cells’ growth.
Practical implications: The interest object is how to connect among different properties
to prepared bone replacement with good properties and biocompatibility that made able to
stimulate the growth and healing process.
Originality/value: The nano-hydroxyapatite is a biomaterial that has a composition similar
to the natural mineral phase of the bone and does not have any negative effect, which
enhanced the growth of osteoplastic cells and decreased the clots and coagulates creation;
therefore, nano-hydroxyapatite is used to decrease the surface roughness which decreased
the chance of coagulation creation and to enhance the hydrophilic properties.
The impact of design and executive errors
affecting the damage to the floor of the
concert hall
Authors: Chmielewski R. , Baryłka A. , Obolewicz J.
Published: April 2021

Purpose: The aim of the article is to demonstrate the influence of errors and performance
errors that affect the damage to the concert hall floor.
Design/methodology/approach: When the project was launched, cracks appeared
which made the floor unsuitable for further use. In order to determine the cause of the
damage, the team conducted a detailed structural health analysis.
Findings: The documents used for the analysis included the submitted project records, as
well as the actual state of the structure.
Research limitations/implications: First, the design team checked the design records
for the rooms used for statistical calculations. The arrangement of the floor layers, which
was not in accordance with the original design documents, overloaded the load-bearing
structure of the Ackerman ceiling.
Practical implications: Engineers identified other flawed design guidelines that added to
the damage. As a solution, the client followed one of the solutions proposed by the original
renovation team.
Originality/value: Before the commencement of construction works, an analysis of design
solutions and executive assumptions is required, as they may affect the previously made
elements of the building structure.
Bloody Paperwork
Authors: Huby Guro , Harries John
Published: April 2021

This article is about paperwork: the work staff in UK integrated health and social care teams did to transform small transactions of everyday care work into big data, which in turn enabled the governance of complex service arrangements. This data-driven approach to governance, algorithmic governance, raises issues of agency and transparency. We address these issues by paying close attention to how care staff articulated their own understandings and apprehensions of the process. The article draws on a study of work roles in UK integrated health and social care teams providing support and follow up for older people and people with mental health problems. Digitised tools were used for the coordination and management of these teams. Staff described how the digitised documentation of care practices produced standardised representations of their work which poorly reflected the complexity of their everyday interactions with colleagues and clients/patients. There was a double-ness to these representations: on the one hand, they were malleable and open to negotiation, on the other they produced tangible consequences hardwired into the system of governance, transforming the work of care into an object outside of itself. In order to bring out the complexities in staff’s accounts about paperwork, the article brings the Marxist analytic of alienation into conversation with Actor Network Theory (ANT) to suggest that overstating the hegemonic power of digital technologies risks itself becoming hegemonic. We advocate a nuanced and situated analysis of what digitised documentary practices consist of and what they do in different circumstances.
Diagnosis of chronic post-hypoxic myoclonus in near hanging survivor: Case report
Authors: Hersey David
Published: April 2021

A 39-year-old male, who attempted suicide by hanging, developed chronic myoclonus with intact cognitive function. Chronic post-hypoxic myoclonus is a rare syndrome that may develop after a respiratory arrest and it presents as late onset and persistent purposeful myoclonus with preserved or slightly impaired cognitive function. Increasing critical care nurses’ awareness of chronic post-hypoxic myoclonus will lead to earlier diagnosis of this rare syndrome.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Coates Max
Published: April 2021

This second edition, of the well-received, Buckingham Journal of Education, gathers a series of articles around the educational legacy of the Rt. Hon. Michael Gove MP. This eclectic range of articles seeks to explore some of the facets of his influence, intention and policy from the period of 2010 through to 2014 when he was the Secretary of State for Education in the Conservative / Liberal Coalition.
RATIONALISM, RISK AND RIDICULE – EXPERTS, SCEPTICS AND THE MARK OF THE ‘BLOB’
Authors: Davies Richard
Published: April 2021

This article offers a perspective on the debate about experts and their value. It considers why expert claims for attention are often regarded as suspect. It does so by reflecting on the work of Arendt, Oakeshott, and Scruton. It notes that decision makers can easily find themselves in a bind - sometimes railing against experts, like those presumed to inhabit an education ‘Blob’ in the UK - and at other times seemingly becoming dependent upon them, as in ‘the Science’ and public health. It draws attention to the character of the distaste for scepticism about experts within education, and to the intellectual origin of that scepticism itself. It highlights the alleged contradictions in the minds of sceptics especially where they want to conserve or draw strength from inherited social norms, and yet at the same time regard them as a dehumanising trap. It suggests that the contradiction can be overcome by distinguishing between their concerns about the dangers of rationalism, and their rooted attachment to reason and reasonableness. It invites practitioners to take a principled interest in risk and in its resistance to elimination. It suggests that ridicule can be healthy in so far as it deftly challenges complacency amongst experts and practitioners alike.
MICHAEL GOVE 2010–2014
Authors: Lenon Barnaby
Published: April 2021

The article provides an overview of the extensive and fast-moving reforms ­initiated by Michael Gove as the Secretary of State for Education in the years 2010–2014. These include the rapid acceleration of the academisation programme and the development of free schools.

There is a more extensive exploration of the reform of the curriculum and the reformation of examination structures. This latter review is set in the context of university advice and against the backdrop of international performance.

Much of the focus of the article considers the implementation of the intentions of a minster who had been in waiting for three years before taking office. However, consideration is also given to the unexpected, yet significant, issues which intersect a politician’s tenure of office. The Birmingham based ‘Trojan Horse Schools’ situation is considered both as an issue of accountability but also its implications for the nature of schooling, state funding and societal values.
GOVE’S GREATEST CONTRIBUTION?
Authors: Mills Timothy
Published: April 2021

By taking sides in the long-running ‘Reading Wars’ and terminating the existing model of early reading instruction with extreme prejudice, Michael Gove took one of the boldest, most contentious, unpopular and far-reaching decisions of his tenure as Education Secretary. This paper investigates the history, the battle lines, the weaponry and, if, indeed, he won the war, whether it resulted in more children in England being able to read. The results suggest that this, rather than his changes to curriculum and assessment, may be his greatest legacy.
THE WILDERNESS YEARS: AN ANALYSIS OF GOVES’S EDUCATION REFORMS ON TEACHER ASSESSMENT LITERACY
Authors: Chandler-Grevatt Andrew
Published: April 2021

During Michael Gove’s educational reforms between 2010–2014, he imposed several policy changes that changed the nature of assessment in terms of grading, terminal examinations and classroom expectations. Despite his vision of England rising up the international league tables, there has been little change in England’s position and even signs of stagnation of attainment at upper secondary. This paper uses the Teacher Assessment Literacy in Practice (TALiP) framework to understand why the reforms associated with assessment have had little impact on attainment and reveals the devastating effect of such wholesale change to school assessment systems, without time or support to change, leaving teachers in a decade of assessment wilderness.
Das Anleihenkaufprogramm APP der Europäischen Zentralbank vor dem Bundesverfassungsgericht und dem Gerichtshof der Europäischen Union
Authors: Degenhart Christoph , Horn Hans-Detlef , Murswiek Dietrich , Kerber Markus C.
Published: April 2021

Since 2015, the European Central Bank (ECB) has been purchasing, among other assets, primarily government bonds of the euro zone countries and including them in its balance sheet on a permanent basis (Public Sector Purchase Programme - PSPP). Does the ECB thereby engage in prohibited monetary public financing? Does it exceed its monetary policy competences? Does it cause incalculable liability risks for the German federal budget? Does this all in all constitute an infringement of the legal and democratic order of the European Union? The ruling of the Federal Constitutional Court of 5 May 2020 is therefore of historical significance. By making it clear that the ECB's independence does not justify "ultra vires acts", it marks - also vis-à-vis the Court of Justice of the European Union - the limits which the Basic Law has set for European Union Law. The volume brings together the main procedural documents of the four constitutional complaints, which have thus been partially granted.
Vorstandsinnenhaftung nach Kartellrechtsverstößen
Authors: Degner Elisa
Published: April 2021

This work offers a comprehensive appraisal of the intercorporate liability for damages of the executive board vis-à-vis the stock corporation for a corporate antitrust fine. Given the nature of the field, this topic is likewise highly controversial and relevant in practice. Subsequent questions, in particular with regard to the possibility of limiting liability de lege lata and de lege ferenda, are answered. The legal issues dealt with in this work are not only situated at the interface between corporate liability, public sanctions and civil compensation law, but also address regulatory matters of the economic order.
Riparian-Buffer Loss and Pesticide Incidence in Freshwater Matrices of Ikpoba River (Nigeria): Policy Recommendations for the Protection of Tropical River Basins
Authors: Victor Chukwuka Azubuike , Ogbeide Ozekeke
Published: April 2021

The unregulated use of watersheds for agriculture negatively impacts the quality of river basins. In particular, the reduced quality of surface-waters, have been attributed to absence or poorly-decided riparian-buffer specifications in environmental laws. To demonstrate suitable buffer-width for protection of surface water, sediment and benthic fish populations, five riparian areas with different vegetation richness and buffer-width were selected within an organochlorine pesticide (OCP)-impacted watershed using the Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) and multiple buffer analysis respectively. Mean OCP levels in surface water, sediment and fish sampled at each riparian stations showed site-specific differences with markedly higher levels of α-BHC, β-BHC, δ-BHC, p,p′-DDD and total pesticide residues at stations with least riparian cover. The principal component analysis further revealed more OCPs associating with sediment and fish from stations having smaller buffer-width and sparse riparian vegetation. Stations with wider buffer-width of at least 120 m provided greater protection to adjacent surface water and benthic fish populations. While this study recommends riparian buffer-widths for a typical tropical environment, further research which assesses other contaminant types in aquatic matrices adjacent to different riparian environments would be valuable and informative for regulatory guidance and strategic protection of ecosystem services.
Graphene-Based Nanosystems: Versatile Nanotools for Theranostics and Bioremediation
Authors: Lúcio Marlene , Fernandes Eduarda , Gonçalves Hugo , Machado Sofia , C. Gomes Andreia , Elisabete C.D. Real Oliveira Maria
Published: April 2021

Since its revolutionary discovery in 2004, graphene— a two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial consisting of single-layer carbon atoms packed in a honeycomb lattice— was thoroughly discussed for a broad variety of applications including quantum physics, nanoelectronics, energy efficiency, and catalysis. Graphene and graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) have also captivated the interest of researchers for innovative biomedical applications since the first publication on the use of graphene as a nanocarrier for the delivery of anticancer drugs in 2008. Today, GBNs have evolved into hybrid combinations of graphene and other elements (e.g., drugs or other bioactive compounds, polymers, lipids, and nanoparticles). In the context of developing theranostic (therapeutic + diagnostic) tools, which combine multiple therapies with imaging strategies to track the distribution of therapeutic agents in the body, the multipurpose character of the GBNs hybrid systems has been further explored. Because each therapy and imaging strategy has inherent advantages and disadvantages, a mixture of complementary strategies is interesting as it will result in a synergistic theranostic effect. The flexibility of GBNs cannot be limited to their biomedical applications and, these nanosystems emerge as a viable choice for an indirect effect on health by their future use as environmental cleaners. Indeed, GBNs can be used in bioremediation approaches alone or combined with other techniques such as phytoremediation. In summary, without ignoring the difficulties that GBNs still present before being deemed translatable to clinical and environmental applications, the purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the remarkable potential of GBNs on health by presenting examples of their versatility as nanotools for theranostics and bioremediation.
Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors Nanocrystals: Saturation and Modulation
Authors: C.A. Silva Anielle , I.S. Barbosa Amanda , S. Silva Alessandra , A. Batista Elisson , K. de Lima Rezende Thaís , V. Guimarães Éder , S. Silva Ricardo , O. Dantas Noelio
Published: April 2021

Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor (DMS) nanocrystals are a new class of materials formed by doping the semiconductor with transition metals (TM), which gives interesting magneto-optical properties. These properties are attributed to the exchange interaction between the pure semiconductor’s sp-electrons and the localized TM d-electrons. This book chapter shows exciting results of new DMS developed by the group, both in powder form and embedded in glassy systems. Depending on the concentration of doping ions, saturation of the incorporation of substitutional and interstitial sites in the nanocrystal structure may occur, forming other nanocrystals. In this context, we investigated the doping saturation limit in nanopowders of DMS Zn1-xMnxO NCs and Zn1-xMnxTe, Zn0.99-xMn0.01CoxTe, and Bi2-xCoxS NCs synthesized in glassy matrices. Thus, the sites’ saturation into the crystalline lattice of nanocrystals is a topic little reported in the literature, and we will comment on this work. Therefore, we will show results from the group about the modulation and saturation in diluted magnetic semiconductors nanocrystals in this work.
Carbon Nanotubes Integrated Hydroxyapatite Nano-Composite for Orthopaedic and Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Parwez Khalid , A. Bhagwath Arun , Zawed Asif , Rekadwad Bhagwan , V. Budihal Suman
Published: April 2021

The reassessment of the literature stipulates that an increasing amount of research in exploring the Hydroxyapatite Carbon Nanotubes (HA-CNT) system for orthopedic application. Chemical precipitation, CNT functionalization, and spray drying are the routinely used methods for CNT dispersal in HA matrix for the application such as bone tissue engineering, nanostructured scaffolds, dental regeneration, myocardial regeneration, and skin regeneration. Although mechanical strength and biocompatibility is a substantial concern for the fabrication of structures. Developing composite and bioceramic scaffolding with different natural and synthetic biomaterials are the futuristic approach in the biomedical engineering field. The problems such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical resistance can be solved by combining natural, and artificial biomaterials. The natural biomaterials, such as collagen, cellulose, chitosan, have a close resemblance to the natural extracellular matrix (ECM). These materials are biocompatible, biodegradable. The artificial biomaterials, such as Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP), Poly Capro Lactone (PCL), Poly Ethylene Glycol (PEG), and Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) are also the material of choice for the fabrication of the composite materials. Additional effort is necessary to fabricate biocompatible composite scaffolding for tissue engineering. Moreover, vascularization, differentiation, cellular proliferation, and cells to scaffold interaction are the foremost challenges in the area of tissue engineering that remains to overcome.
I vescovi ed il trapasso degli augusti: L’arte d’interpretazione di un fatto significante della vita dell’impero
Authors: Di Cosmo Antonio Pio
Published: April 2021

RIASSUNTO: I vescovi, quali eredi dei valori giuridici e politici dell’antichità, da un certo punto in poi raccontano gli eventi salienti dell’Impero e si concentrano particolarmente sulla morte degli imperatori. Questi interpretano l’accadimento e lo adattano a favore di colui per cui scrivono. Diventano arbitri dei fatti e giudici degli augusti. In quanto vescovi poi possono assolverli o condannarli. Costoro diventano così capaci di ridisegnare l’immaginario sulla vita ultraterrena dell’imperatore.
Representaciones de la herejía y discurso político en las entradas de la corte lisboeta: de la Unión ibérica a la alianza con la Inglaterra anglicana
Authors: Rega Castro Iván , Franco Llopis Borja
Published: April 2021

El objetivo del presente texto es mostrar, de modo diacrónico, cómo se representó la herejía en general, y el protestantismo en particular durante la edad moderna en las decoraciones efímeras de las entradas regias portuguesas, mostrando una evolución en los asuntos seleccionados así como la progresiva desaparición de dicha iconografía por las alianzas matrimoniales con la Inglaterra anglicana.
Från behandling till hårdare tag? En kritisk analys av högervågsargumentet inom svensk kriminalpolitik
Authors: Andersson Robert
Published: April 2021

In this article I address the question of whether there has been a punitive turn in Swedish crime policy or not. Since the punitive turn is connected to the downfall of the rehabilitative ideal, and to what David Garland has termed penal welfarism, I make my argument with reference to these phenomena in Sweden. I claim that there were two rationales behind the penal welfare state and the rehabilitative ideal in Sweden: a social liberal rationale built on paternalism and interventionism, and a social democratic rationale built on Marxist class analysis. My argument is that while penal welfarism is still operating in Sweden, the social liberal rationale has been discarded. This means that the social democratic rationale built on Marxist class analysis is now the single dominating force behind Swedish penal welfarism. The argument for a punitive turn in Sweden therefore has no support.