bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influencing Factors on Breastfeeding Nursing Activities of Nursing Students
Authors: Yang Ya Ki
Published: April 2020

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the relationships among knowledge, attitudes and nursing activities while breastfeeding among nursing students, and to identify factors influencing nursing activities in breastfeeding. Methods: The research participants were 172 nursing students in the nursing departments of 3 universities located in G city and J provinces. The students had successfully completed their obstetric and pediatric clinical practice courses. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression. Results: Participants' scores for knowledge, attitudes and nursing activities while breastfeeding were $16.24{pm}2.73$, $3.74{pm}0.43$ and $3.49{pm}0.43$, respectively. Knowledge and attitudes toward breastfeeding had positive correlations with nursing activities while breastfeeding. Factors influencing nursing students' nursing activities while breastfeeding included knowledge, attitudes toward breastfeeding, grade, breastfeeding educational experience, and breastfeeding intentions. These variables explained 18% of the variance in nursing activities while breastfeeding. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it would be beneficial to enhance knowledge and attitudes toward breastfeeding by developing education programs for breastfeeding.
Temporal features of individual and collective self-referential processing: an event-related potential study
Authors: Liu Cuihong , Li Wenjie , Wang Rong , Cai Yaohan , Chen Jie
Published: April 2020

Background

Individual and collective self are two fundamental self-representations and are important to human experience. The present study aimed to investigate whether individual and collective self have essential difference in neural mechanism.

Methods

Event-related potentials were recorded to explore the electrophysiological correlates of individual and collective self in a self-referential task in which participants were asked to evaluate whether trait adjectives were suitable to describe themselves (individual self-referential processing), a famous person (individual non-self-referential processing), Chinese (collective self-referential processing) or American (collective non-self-referential processing).

Results

At the early stages, results showed that larger P2 and smaller N2 amplitudes were elicited by individual self-referential than by individual non-self-referential processing whereas no significant differences were observed between collective self-referential and collective non-self-referential processing at these stages. In addition, at the late P3 stage (350–600 ms), larger P3 amplitudes were also elicited by individual self-referential than by individual non-self-referential processing during 350–600 ms interval. However, the collective self-reference effect, indicated by the differences between collective self-referential and collective non-self-referential processing, did not appear until 450 ms and extended to 600 ms. Moreover, individual self-reference effect was more pronounced than collective self-reference effect in the 350–500 ms interval, whereas individual and collective self-reference effect had no significant difference in the 500–600 ms interval. These findings indicated that the time courses of neural activities were different in processing individual and collective self.
Ultrathin Conductive Interlayer with High‐Density Antisite Defects for Advanced Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: He Danqi , Meng Jintao , Chen Xinyu , Liao Yaqi , Cheng Zexiao , Yuan Lixia , Li Zhen , Huang Yunhui
Published: April 2020

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are promising next‐generation rechargeable batteries due to thier high energy density, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, the extremely low electrical conductivity of sulfur and the dissolution of polysulfides limit their actual electrochemical performances, especially in the case of high sulfur mass loading. Here, a new strategy based on intrinsic point defects of materials is proposed to simultaneously enhance the electrical conductivity of active material and regulate the migration of polysulfides. Taking advantage of ultrathin and lightweight Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 (BTS) interlayers with high‐density antisite defects on the separator surface, the Li–S battery with BTS interlayer shows a capacity of 756 mAh g−1 at 2C and a low capacity decay rate of 0.1% over 300 cycles. The BTS interlayer can not only enhance the active material utilization but also improve capacity retention. The defect engineering strategy accompanied with facile method is promising for the development of advanced Li–S batteries for practical application.
A primer on viral‐associated olfactory loss in the era of COVID‐19
Authors: Soler Zachary M. , Patel Zara M. , Turner Justin H. , Holbrook Eric H.
Published: April 2020

Early reports have suggested that smell loss may be an early symptom associated with the pandemic known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). The possibility that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) might cause olfactory dysfunction is certainly plausible. Patients presenting to specialized smell clinics are commonly diagnosed with upper respiratory infection (URI)‐associated olfactory loss and most are presumed to be viral related. In acute phases of infection, it is common to experience some smell loss as a result of nasal inflammation, mucosal edema, and obstruction of airflow into the olfactory cleft. In most cases, these episodes of smell loss are self‐limiting and coincide with resolution of URI symptoms. However, in some cases the smell loss persists for months to years and this is presumed to occur through a more direct olfactory insult by the virus. It remains too early to know whether infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 causes persistent olfactory dysfunction. However, given the scale of this pandemic, if SARS‐CoV‐2 does cause chronic olfactory loss in even a small portion of those infected, then the overall population prevalence could be quite large. This review provides a brief, practical overview of viral‐associated olfactory loss, realizing that evidence related to COVID‐19 will likely not be clear for some time. Our goal is to highlight the existence and importance of this condition and provide information geared for both providers and patients. Practical suggestions regarding evaluation and treatment will be provided, realizing that there may be constraints on medical resources and the nature of this pandemic remains dynamic.
Chemistry of Chitosan Aerogels: Three‐Dimensional Pore Control for Tailored Applications
Authors: Takeshita Satoru , Zhao Shanyu , Malfait Wim J. , Koebel Matthias M.
Published: April 2020

Chitosan is an abundant biopolymer derived from food waste with attractive properties, particularly its high biocompatibility and easy chemical processability. Here, we review the rapidly expanding literature on chitosan‐based porous materials with a focus on the gelation mechanisms, the three‐dimensional multiscale structural control, and the diverse chemical functionality not accessible by other biopolymers. The properties vary widely: from supercritically dried, mesoporous chitosan aerogels to very light, freeze‐dried macroporous scaffolds. Porous chitosan displays impressive performance at the laboratory scale, but the highly (meso)porous nature amplifies not only the beneficial functionality of chitosan, but also its drawbacks, resulting in serious barriers to industrialization. In order to facilitate technology transfer, we critically discuss the practical feasibility of chitosan aerogels in potential applications compared to conventional and other biopolymer‐based porous or nonporous materials.
Tailoring bacterial cellulose structure through CRISPR interference‐mediated downregulation of galU in Komagataeibacter xylinus CGMCC 2955
Authors: Huang Long‐Hui , Liu Qi‐Jing , Sun Xue‐Wen , Li Xue‐Jing , Liu Miao , Jia Shi‐Ru , Xie Yan‐Yan , Zhong Cheng
Published: April 2020

Diverse applications of bacterial cellulose (BC) have different requirements in terms of its structural characteristics. culturing Komagataeibacter xylinus CGMCC 2955, BC structure changes with alterations in oxygen tension. Here, the K. xylinus CGMCC 2955 transcriptome was analyzed under different oxygen tensions. Transcriptome and genome analysis indicated that BC structure is related to the rate of BC synthesis and cell growth, and galU is an essential gene that controls the carbon metabolic flux between the BC synthesis pathway and the pentose phosphate (PP) pathway. The CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) system was utilized in K. xylinus CGMCC 2955 to control the expression levels of galU. By overexpressing galU and interfering with different sites of galU sequences using CRISPRi, we obtained strains with varying expression levels of galU (3.20–3014.84%). By testing the characteristics of BC, we found that the porosity of BC (range: 62.99–90.66%) was negative with galU expression levels. However, the crystallinity of BC (range: 56.25–85.99%) was positive with galU expression levels; galU expression levels in engineered strains were lower than those in the control strains. Herein, we propose a new method for regulating the structure of BC to provide a theoretical basis for its application in different fields.
Solvent Effects in the Homogeneous Catalytic Reduction of Propionaldehyde with Aluminium Isopropoxide Catalyst: New Insights from PFG NMR and NMR Relaxation Studies
Authors: Muhammad Atika , Di Carmine Graziano , Forster Luke , D'Agostino Carmine
Published: April 2020

Solvent effects in homogeneous catalysis are known to affect catalytic activity. Whilst these effects are often described using qualitative features, such as Kamlet‐Taft parameters, experimental tools able to quantify and reveal in more depth such effects have remained unexplored. In this work, PFG NMR diffusion and T1 relaxation measurements have been carried out to probe solvent effects in the homogeneous catalytic reduction of propionaldehyde to 1‐propanol in the presence of aluminium isopropoxide catalyst. Using data on diffusion coefficients it was possible to estimate trends in aggregation of different solvents. The results show that solvents with a high hydrogen‐bond accepting ability, such as ethers, tend to form larger aggregates, which slow down the molecular dynamics of aldehyde molecules, as also suggested by T1 measurements, and preventing their access to the catalytic sites, which results in the observed decrease of catalytic activity. Conversely, weakly interacting solvents, such as alkanes, do not lead to the formation of such aggregates, hence allowing easy access of the aldehyde molecules to the catalytic sites, resulting in higher catalytic activity. The work reported here is a clear example on how combining traditional catalyst screening in homogeneous catalysis with NMR diffusion and relaxation time measurements can lead to new physico‐chemical insights into such systems by providing data able to quantify aggregation phenomena and molecular dynamics.
Counselor Empathy; Religiosity; and Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Perspectives
Authors: Bayne Hannah Barnhill , Conley Abigail Holland , Colburn Anita Neuer
Published: April 2020

Values‐based conflicts, such as between counselor religiosity and ability to work with lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) clients, can present a challenge for counselors and trainees who seek to provide ethical and competent care. Because empathy can facilitate understanding a client's frame of reference, the authors examined the relationships between counselor religiosity, empathy, and LGB perspectives, as well as the potential mediating effects of empathy on values conflicts. The authors discuss implications for counselor education and practice.
Furfuryl Cation Induced Three‐Component Reaction to Synthesize Triazole‐Substituted Thioesters
Authors: Zhong Ying , Xu Xiaoming , Xing Qingzhao , Yang Song , Gou Jing , Gao Ziwei , Yu Binxun
Published: April 2020

A furfuryl cation induced three‐component thioesterification reaction between thiols, 5‐bromo‐2‐furylcarbinols and azides is reported. This metal‐free method relies on the acetyl chloride/HFIP‐mediated cascade formal [3+2] cycloaddition/ring‐opening/thioesterification, which allows the efficient construction of a series of complex triazole‐thioesters linked with an (Z)‐olefin. Selenols are also suitable for this strategy. Further derivatization of thioesters highlighted the potential utility of our method.
Highly Efficient and Convenient Access to Phosphinates via CHCl3‐Assisted Direct Phosphorylation between R2P(O)H and ROH by Phosphonium Salt Catalysis
Authors: Yu Xiaojun , Zhang Song , Jiang Zhiyu , Zhang Hong‐Su , Wang Tianli
Published: April 2020

A mild, efficient, convenient and scalable method to synthesize phosphinates via direct phosphorylation between R2P(O)H and ROH was developed. All aromatic substrates completed this transformation with excellent yields (up to 98 %), and preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that a carbene‐involving process from CHCl3to CH2Cl2facilitates the phosphorylation.
Feeling neoliberal
Authors: Freeman Carla
Published: April 2020

We live in a time of feelings. Anger, disgust, and anxiety abound in the public sphere and in social analyses. Positive feelings are also increasingly demanded and exchanged in the capitalist marketplace, including care and empathy, tenderness and affection. Indeed, the intensity with which feelings traverse these boundaries of individual‐social‐cultural‐political‐economic life is arguably a defining feature of our times. Yet much of the scholarship on neoliberalism has focused squarely upon the extractive and exhausting quality of contemporary affective life. Strikingly, feminist affect theory in particular interprets a fundamental cruelty at the core of cultural demands for optimism (Berlant 2011) or happiness (Ahmed 2010), a dark underbelly that forecloses any other transformative outcomes. In this essay, I suggest that feminist ethnographic analysis requires a more complex account of affective pursuits. I turn to the specific context of the post‐colonial Caribbean island of Barbados, where a new surge in desires for intimacy, emotional expressiveness, and affective life is bound up within the 21stcentury thrust of neoliberal entrepreneurialism. In a society known more for its conservative 'stiff‐upper lip' and 'grin‐and‐bear‐it' demeanor, 'tough love,' and material, transactional modes of support and exchange than expressions of intimate affection, I chart a growing desire for new modes of feeling, a growing cultural pull toward romantic love and intimacy, and emotional expressivity itself. I read within these Barbadian desires (and even within their disappointments) a profound optimism, pleasure, and bold self‐discovery that does not only/always succumb to despair.
Hypercalcemia at diagnosis of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma is not uncommon and is associated with high‐risk features and a short diagnosis‐to‐treatment interval
Authors: Gauchy Anne‐Cécile , Kanagaratnam Lukshe , Quinquenel Anne , Gaillard Baptiste , Rodier Cyrielle , Godet Sophie , Delmer Alain , Durot Eric
Published: April 2020

Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive type of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. The prevalence of hypercalcemia in this neoplasm and its prognostic significance is unclear. We retrospectively evaluated the prevalence of hypercalcemia at diagnosis of DLBCL and explored associations of hypercalcemia with clinical factors and outcome. Outcome was assessed using event‐free survival at 24 months (EFS24). A total of 305 patients (248 de novo DLBCL and 57 transformed indolent lymphomas) diagnosed between 2006 and 2018 in Reims were analyzed. The prevalence of calcemia >10.5 mg/dL at diagnosis of de novo DLBCL and transformed indolent lymphomas was 23% and 26%, respectively. Hypercalcemia in de novo DLBCL was strongly associated with high‐risk features, especially with International Prognostic Index (IPI) components, but also with B symptoms, β2‐microglobulin, hemoglobin, and albumin levels. The diagnosis‐to‐treatment interval was significantly shorter for hypercalcemic patients (P = .001). These associations with adverse prognostic factors translated into lower rates of EFS24 (HR = 1.66; 95% CI, 1.08‐2.54) and shorter PFS (P = .0059) and OS (P = .0003) for patients with lymphoma‐related hypercalcemia but not independently of IPI parameters. These data suggest that hypercalcemia is rather a biomarker of the underlying biological aggressiveness of DLBCL.
Does recombinant human erythropoietin administration in critically ill COVID‐19 patients have miraculous therapeutic effects?
Authors: Hadadi Azar , Mortezazadeh Masoud , Kolahdouzan Kasra , Alavian Golbarg
Published: April 2020

An 80‐year‐old man with multiple comorbidities presented to the emergency department with tachypnea, tachycardia, fever, and critically low O2 saturation and definitive chest computerized tomography scan findings in favor of COVID‐19 and positive PCR results in 48 hours. He received antiviral treatment plus recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) due to his severe anemia. After 7 days of treatment, he was discharged with miraculous improvement in his symptoms and hemoglobin level. We concluded that rhEPO could attenuate respiratory distress syndrome and confront the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus through multiple mechanisms including cytokine modulation, antiapoptotic effects, leukocyte release from bone marrow, and iron redistribution away from the intracellular virus.
Clinical performance of Determine HBsAg 2 rapid test for Hepatitis B detection
Authors: Avellon Ana , Ala Aftab , Diaz Antonio , Domingo Daniel , Gonzalez Rosario , Hidalgo Lorena , Kooner Paul , Loganathan Sabarinathan , Martin Dolores , McPherson Stuart , Munoz‐Chimeno Milagros , Ryder Stephen , Slapak Gabrielle , Ryan Pablo , Valbuena Marta , Kennedy Patrick T.
Published: April 2020

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is estimated to affect 292 million people worldwide, 90% of them are unaware of their HBV status. The Determine HBsAg 2 (Alere Medical Co, Ltd Chiba Japan [Now Abbott]) is a rapid test that meets European Union (EU) regulatory requirements for Hepatitis B surface antigen 2 (HBsAg) analytical sensitivity, detecting the 0.1 IU/mL World Health Organization (WHO) International HBsAg Standard. This prospective, multicentre study was conducted to establish its clinical performance. 351 evaluable subjects were enrolled, 145 HBsAg‐positive. The fingerstick whole blood sensitivity and specificity were 97.2% and 98.5% (15′ reading, reference assay cut‐off 0.05 IU/mL), sensitivity increasing to 97.9% with the prespecified cut‐off 0.13 IU/mL (EU regulations). The venous whole blood, serum and plasma sensitivity was 97.2%, 97.9%, and 98.6%, respectively (15′ reading); reaching 99%, 99.5% and 100% specificity. A testing algorithm following up an initial positive fingerstick test result with plasma/serum test demonstrates 100% specificity. The Determine HBsAg 2 test gives 15‐minute results with high sensitivity and specificity, making it an ideal tool for point‐of‐care testing, with the potential to enable large‐scale population‐wide screening to reach the WHO HBV diagnostic targets. The evaluated test improves the existing methods as most of the reviewed rapid tests do not meet the EU regulatory requirements of sensitivity.
MAPL1:q‐space reconstruction using ‐regularized mean apparent propagator
Authors: Varela‐Mattatall Gabriel , Castillo‐Passi Carlos , Koch Alexandra , Mura Joaquin , Stirnberg Rüdiger , Uribe Sergio , Tejos Cristian , Stöcker Tony , Irarrazaval Pablo
Published: April 2020

Purpose

To improve the quality of mean apparent propagator (MAP) reconstruction from a limited number ofq‐space samples.

Methods

We implement an‐regularised MAP (MAPL1) to consider higher order basis functions and to improve the fit without increasing the number ofq‐space samples. We compare MAPL1 with the least‐squares optimization subject to non‐negativity (MAP), and the Laplacian‐regularized MAP (MAPL). We use simulations of crossing fibers and compute the normalized mean squared error (NMSE) and the Pearson’s correlation coefficient to evaluate the reconstruction quality inq‐space. We also compare coefficient‐based diffusion indices in the simulations and in in vivo data.

Results

Results indicate that MAPL1 improves NMSE in 1 to 3% when compared to MAP or MAPL in a high undersampling regime. Additionally, MAPL1 produces more reproducible and accurate results for all sampling rates when there are enough basis functions to meet the sparsity criterion for the regularizer. These improved reconstructions also produce better coefficient‐based diffusion indices for in vivo data.

Conclusions

Adding anregularizer to MAP allows the use of more basis functions and a better fit without increasing the number ofq‐space samples. The impact of our research is that a complete diffusion spectrum can be reconstructed from an acquisition time very similar to a diffusion tensor imaging protocol.
Clinical characteristics of a case series of children with coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Zhu Li , Wang Jian , Huang Rui , Liu Longgen , Zhao Haiyan , Wu Chao , Zhu Chuanwu
Published: April 2020

We reported the clinical characteristics of a case series of 10 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) aged from 1 year to 18 years. Seven patients had contact with confirmed COVID‐19 family members before onset. Fever (4 [40.0%]) and cough (3 [30.0%]) were the most common symptoms. No patient showed leucopenia and lymphopenia on admission. Pneumonia was observed in chest CT images in 5 (50.0%) patients. Five (50.0%) patients received antiviral treatment. No patient had severe complications or developed a severe illness in our study. Our study indicated that COVID‐19 children present less severe symptoms and have better outcomes.
Comparison of fecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations in hand‐ versus parent‐reared whooping cranes (Grus americana)
Authors: Brown Megan E. , Torkelson Miranda R. , Olsen Glenn H. , Krisp Ashley , Hartup Barry K.
Published: April 2020

Endangered whooping cranes (Grus americana) have been produced in captivity for reintroduction programs since the 1980s, using techniques such as artificial insemination, multiple clutching, and captive‐rearing to speed recovery efforts. Chicks are often hand‐reared (HR) by caretakers in crane costumes, socialized into groups and released together, unlike parent‐reared (PR) cranes that are raised individually by a male/female crane pair and released singly. HR cranes historically exhibit greater morbidity rates during development than PR cranes, involving musculoskeletal and respiratory system disease, among others. We hypothesized that HR crane chicks exhibit a higher baseline fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) concentrations during the development compared with PR chicks. Fecal samples were collected between 15 and 70 days of age from HR (n = 15) and PR (n = 8) chicks to test for differences in FGM concentrations using a radioimmunoassay technique following ethanol extraction for steroids. Linear mixed model analysis suggests increasing age of the chick was associated with an increase in FGM (p < .001). Analysis also supported the interaction between rearing strategy and sex of the crane chick (p < .01). Female PR chicks had greater FGM concentrations than all other groups (PR male, p < .01; HR female, p < .001; and HR male, p < .001). This result suggests that there may be an effect of rearing strategy on stress physiology of whooping crane chicks, especially among females. Further research is needed to investigate whether the FGM concentrations are reflective of true differences in stress physiology of young cranes and whether this may impact health and conservation success.
Reward-driven enhancements in motor control are robust to TMS manipulation
Authors: Codol Olivier , Galea Joseph M. , Jalali Roya , Holland Peter J.
Published: April 2020

A wealth of evidence describes the strong positive impact that reward has on motor control at the behavioural level. However, surprisingly little is known regarding the neural mechanisms which underpin these effects, beyond a reliance on the dopaminergic system. In recent work, we developed a task that enabled the dissociation of the selection and execution components of an upper limb reaching movement. Our results demonstrated that both selection and execution are concommitently enhanced by immediate reward availability. Here, we investigate what the neural underpinnings of each component may be. To this end, we aimed to alter the cortical excitability of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and supplementary motor area using continuous theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (cTBS) in a within-participant design (N = 23). Both cortical areas are involved in determining an individual’s sensitivity to reward and physical effort, and we hypothesised that a change in excitability would result in the reward-driven effects on action selection and execution to be altered, respectively. To increase statistical power, participants were pre-selected based on their sensitivity to reward in the reaching task. While reward did lead to enhanced performance during the cTBS sessions and a control sham session, cTBS was ineffective in altering these effects. These results may provide evidence that other areas, such as the primary motor cortex or the premotor area, may drive the reward-based enhancements of motor performance.
Cortical myoclonus and epilepsy in a family with a new SLC20A2 mutation
Authors: Coppola Antonietta , Hernandez-Hernandez Laura , Balestrini Simona , Krithika S. , Moran Nicholas , Hale Blake , Cordivari Carla , Sisodiya Sanjay M.
Published: April 2020

Idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (IBGC) or primary familial brain calcification is a rare genetic condition characterized by an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern and the presence of bilateral calcifications in the basal ganglia, thalami, cerebellum and cerebral subcortical white matter. The syndrome is genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous. Causal mutations have been identified in four genes: SLC20A2, PDGFRB, PDGFB and XPR1. A variety of progressive neurological and psychiatric symptoms have been described, including cognitive impairment, movement disorders, bipolar disorder, chronic headaches and migraine, and epilepsy. Here we describe a family with a novel SLC20A2 mutation mainly presenting with neurological symptoms including cortical myoclonus and epilepsy. While epilepsy, although rare, has been reported in patients with IBGC associated with SLC20A2 mutations, cortical myoclonus seems to be a new manifestation.
“I’m just a long history of people rejecting referrals” experiences of young people who fell through the gap between child and adult mental health services
Authors: Appleton Rebecca , Elahi Farah , Tuomainen Helena , Canaway Alastair , Singh Swaran P.
Published: April 2020

The paediatric-adult split in mental health care necessitates young people to make a transition between services when they reach the upper end of child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS). However, we know that this transition is often poor, and not all young people who require ongoing support are able to continue care in adult mental health services (AMHS). These young people are said to have fallen through the gap between services. This research aimed to explore the reasons why young people fall through the gap between CAMHS and AMHS, and what effect this has had on them and their families. Narrative interviews were conducted with 15 young people and 15 parents, representing 19 unique transition stories. Themes were identified collaboratively using thematic analysis. Reasons for falling through the gap were grouped into systemic problems and problems with the quality of care received. Effects of falling through the gap were grouped into separate themes for young people (feeling abandoned; struggling to manage without continued care; problems with medication) and parents (emotional impact of care ending; parents taking an active role in the young person’s care). To our knowledge, this is the first qualitative study that has focused only on the experiences of young people who have fallen through the gap between services. This research adds novel findings to existing literature regarding barriers to transition and the effects of discontinuity of care.
Declining peatland bird numbers are not consistent with the increasing Common Crane population
Authors: Fraixedas Sara , Lindén Andreas , Husby Magne , Lehikoinen Aleksi
Published: April 2020

The Common Crane (Grus grus) population has experienced an unprecedented increase across Europe during the last decades. Although cranes feed mostly on invertebrates, amphibians and berries during the breeding season, they can also eat eggs and young of other birds. Therefore, conservationists have raised concerns about the potential predatory effect of cranes on wetland avifauna, but the effects of crane predation on bird numbers have so far not been investigated. We here test the relationship between the crane and peatland bird population’ abundances in Finland for five common wader and passerine species, and a set of seven less common waders, using line-transect data spanning from 1987 to 2014. We found that the population densities of two small passerines (Meadow PipitAnthus pratensisand Western Yellow WagtailMotacilla flava) and one wader species (Wood SandpiperTringa glareola) were positively associated with crane numbers, probably related to a protective effect against nest predators. For the two other common species and the set of less common waders, we did not find any significant relationships with crane abundance. None of the species was influenced by the (lagged) effect of crane presence (i.e. years since crane was first observed). Peatland drainage was responsible for most species’ negative densities, indicating the need to protect and restore peatlands to mitigate the loss of peatland bird diversity in Finland. In addition, openness, wetness and area size were important peatland characteristics positively influencing most of the studied bird populations. The development in crane and other mire bird numbers in Europe should be monitored regularly to reveal any possible future predatory effects contributing to the shaping of the peatland bird community.
Caffeine Increases Vertical Jumping Height in Young Trained Males Before But Not After a Maximal Effort Strength Training Session
Authors: Tangen Daniel S. , Nielsen Stian R. , Kolnes Kristoffer J. , Jensen Jørgen
Published: April 2020

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of caffeine on vertical jumping height in rested condition and after a heavy strength training session. Six well-trained young males with experience in jump and strength training were included in this double-blinded, randomised study with cross-over design. Caffeine (3 mg/kg body weight) or placebo were ingested 45 min prior to the jump tests. Jumping was performed on a force platform and vertical jumping height was calculated. After a standardized warm up, participants performed jumping series consisting of three maximal jumps with 30 s rest between jumps followed by five maximal jumps with 7 s rest between jumps. The participants performed a heavy strength training of the leg muscles (leg press: 3 × 15 reps) and the jumping series was repeated immediately after (30 s), and after 5 min and 15 min recovery. Caffeine increased the maximal vertical counter movement jump height (P ≤ 0.05) and mean value of the 5-jump sequence prior to the strength training. Caffeine increased jump height by 2.2 cm ± 0.5 cm at the first jump. Blood lactate after the strength training increased to 6.97 ± 1.20 and 7.77 ± 0.54 mmol/L in PLA and CAF, respectively (P = 0.19). The jump height was reduced by 8 cm after the strength training. There were no differences in jump height after ingestion of caffeine or placebo immediately after the strength training session or in the recovery period, but blood lactate in the recovery period was higher in CAF compared to PLA (ANOVA;P < 0.05). Conclusion: Caffeine increased the vertical jump height in the resting state. However, after a maximal effort strength training session the positive effect of caffeine was no longer significant.
Longitudinal association between callous‐unemotional traits and friendship quality among adjudicated adolescents
Authors: Miron Carly D. , Satlof‐Bedrick Emma , Waller Rebecca
Published: April 2020

Introduction

Youth with callous‐unemotional (CU) traits show severe and chronic forms of antisocial behavior, as well as deficits in socioaffiliative processes, such as empathy, guilt, and prosocial behavior. Adolescence represents a critical developmental window when these socioaffiliative processes can help to deepen the strength of supportive peer friendships. However, few studies have explored the relationship between CU traits and friendship quality during adolescence. In the current study, we used data from the Pathways to Desistance dataset to examine reciprocal and longitudinal associations between CU traits and friendship quality at three assessment points separated by 6 months each during adolescence.

Methods

The sample included adolescents who had interacted with the justice system (age at baseline, M = 16.04, SD = 1.14; N = 1354; 13.6% female). CU traits were assessed using the callousness scale of the self‐reported Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory and friendship quality using a scale adapted from the Quality of Relationships Inventory. Models accounted for co‐occurring aggression, impulsive‐irresponsible traits, grandiose‐manipulative traits, age, gender, location, and race.

Results

At every assessment point, CU traits were uniquely related to lower friendship quality. Moreover, we found evidence for reciprocal effects between the first two assessment points, such that CU traits were related to decreases in friendship quality over time, while lower friendship quality simultaneously predicted increases in CU traits across the same period.

Conclusions

Interventions for CU traits could benefit from including specific modules that target the social processes associated with adaptive and successful friendships, including empathic listening and other‐orientated thinking.
Tracking Trace Elements Across the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Wheeling Kate
Published: April 2020

Researchers used data from a pan-Arctic survey of carbon and trace elements to better understand how climate change will affect primary production in one of the fastest warming regions of the world.
Immune and central nervous system-related miRNAs expression profiling in monocytes of multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Amoruso Antonella , Blonda Maria , Gironi Maira , Grasso Roberta , Di Francescantonio Valeria , Scaroni Federica , Furlan Roberto , Verderio Claudia , Avolio Carlo
Published: April 2020

It is widely recognized that monocytes-macrophages adopt a wide variety of phenotypes, influencing the inflammatory activity and demyelination in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). However, how the phenotype of human monocytes evolves in the course of MS is largely unknown. The aim of our preliminary study was to analyse in monocytes of relapsing-remitting and progressive forms of MS patients the expression of a set of miRNAs which impact monocyte-macrophage immune function and their communication with brain cells. Quantitative PCR showed that miRNAs with anti-inflammatory functions, which promote pro-regenerative polarization, are increased in MS patients, while pro-inflammatory miR-155 is downregulated in the same patients. These changes may indicate the attempt of monocytes to counteract neuroinflammation. miR-124, an anti-inflammatory marker but also of myeloid cell quiescence was strongly downregulated, especially in progressive MS patients, suggesting complete loss of homeostatic monocyte function in the progressive disease phase. Profiling of miRNAs that control monocyte polarization may help to define not only the activation state of monocytes in the course of the disease but also novel pathogenic mechanisms.
Tuning the fluorescence based on the combination of TICT and AIE emission of a tetraphenylethylene with D–π–A structure
Authors: Zhang Mengxing , Li Jiale , Yu Lirong , Wang Xi , Bai Ming
Published: April 2020

The combination of the TICT and AIE properties in a tetraphenylethylene based molecule with D–π–A structure is observed by simply adjusting the viscosity of the solvent.
Inorganic/organic nanocomposite ion gels with well dispersed secondary silica nanoparticles
Authors: Yasui Tomoki , Kamio Eiji , Matsuyama Hideto
Published: April 2020

Tough inorganic/organic nanocomposite (NC) ion gels with silica nanoparticle aggregates having a characteristic structure.
An in situ engineered CuCo2S4@CuCo2O4 heterojunction with an O–S interpenetrated interface as a photoanode for selective photoelectrochemical bioanalysis
Authors: Wang Qiong , Zhang Lei
Published: April 2020

A novel biomolecule-free PEC platform based on a CuCo2S4@CuCo2O4/CC integrated electrode for the selective detection of l-Cys.
Optimierung der Psychopharmakotherapie im Alter
Authors: Hefner Gudrun
Published: April 2020

Das Medikamenten-Management wird bei Alterspatienten erschwert u. a. durch Gebrechlichkeit und Multimorbidität, Polypharmazie und Arzneimittelinteraktionen, Non-Adhärenz und die Veränderung pharmakodynamischer und pharmakokinetischer Parameter. Trotz erhöhter Arzneistoff-Blutspiegel im Vergleich mit jüngeren Patienten und einer gesteigerten Rezeptorsensitivität sollten jedoch nicht alle Alterspatienten per se nach dem Dictum „start low, go slow“ therapiert werden, um das Risiko einer Unterdosierung zu vermeiden. Jeder Alterspatient besitzt einen individuellen komplexen pharmakokinetischen und pharmakodynamischen Phänotyp, beeinflusst von multiplen Variablen. Therapeutisches Drug Monitoring (TDM) kann bei einer Psychopharmakotherapie helfen, den individuellen pharmakokinetischen Status und auch Non-Adhärenz zu erkennen, um die maximale effektive und verträgliche Dosis zu finden. Die Erfassung des pharmakodynamischen Status muss individuell klinisch erfolgen. Verschiedene Interventionen wurden erfolgreich entwickelt, um die Medikation bei Alterspatienten zu optimieren.
Einstein synchronisation by quantum teleportation
Authors: Hosoya Akio
Published: April 2020

We present a protocol of Einstein’s synchronization of two spatially separated clocks on the basis of quantum teleportation in which the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) state plays a central role. Our scheme does not contain the frame defining problem nor the phase contamination problem for the EPR state which appeared in the quantum clock synchronization (Jozsa et al 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett.
85, 2010).
Deep learning-based extraction of predicate-argument structure (PAS) in building design rule sentences☆
Authors: Song Jaeyeol , Lee Jin-Kook , Choi Jungsik , Kim Inhan
Published: April 2020

This paper describes an approach to extracting a predicate-argument structure (PAS) in building design rule sentences using natural language processing (NLP) and deep learning models. For the computer to reason about the compliance of building design, design rules represented by natural language must be converted into a computer-readable format. The rule interpretation and translation processes are challenging tasks because of the vagueness and ambiguity of natural language. Many studies have proposed approaches to address this problem, but most of these are dependent on manual tasks, which is the bottleneck to expanding the scope of design rule checking to design requirements from various documents. In this paper, we apply deep learning-based NLP techniques for translating design rule sentences into a computer-readable data structure. To apply deep learning-based NLP techniques to the rule interpretation process, we identified the semantic role elements of building design requirements and defined a PAS for design rule checking. Using a bidirectional long short-term memory model with a conditional random field layer, the computer can intelligently analyze constituents of building design rule sentences and automatically extract the logical elements. The proposed approach contributes to broadening the scope of building information modeling-enabled rule checking to any natural language-based design requirements.
Maximal Cluelessness
Authors: Mogensen Andreas L
Published: April 2020

I argue that many of the priority rankings that have been proposed by effective altruists seem to be in tension with apparently reasonable assumptions about the rational pursuit of our aims in the face of uncertainty. The particular issue on which I focus arises from recognition of the overwhelming importance and inscrutability of the indirect effects of our actions (so-called cluelessness), conjoined with the plausibility of a permissive decision principle governing cases of deep uncertainty, known as the maximality rule. I conclude that we lack a compelling decision theory that is consistent with a longtermist perspective and does not downplay the depth of our uncertainty, while also supporting orthodox effective altruist conclusions about cause prioritization.
Hosting Asylum-Seekers and People Transiting through Milan as an Opportunity for Social Innovation
Authors: Costa Giuliana
Published: April 2020

The State is responsible for hosting and protecting asylum-seekers and refugees, while policies and programmes are, instead, implemented at the local level. Local governance of forced migration can either reinforce exclusionist drivers imposed by national laws or effectively shape them through innovative practices, at times overcoming what is perceived as inadequate legislation, to manage the issue inclusively. This article describes Milan’s asylum-seekers and migrants in transit hosting system in 2014–2016 and discusses the extent to which the experience constituted an opportunity for social innovation in local welfare policies. Giving asylum-seekers sanctuary and dealing with the high and rapid inflow of people in transit created a unique approach (for Italy) that is still under-researched, unlike that of cities such as Amsterdam and Barcelona. The components of the “Milan Model” are identified, contextualised, and scrutinised by 46 interviews with key informants, including executives of Milan Municipality, managers of the city’s hosting facilities, social workers, journalists, Italian scholars, national and local social movement leaders, and volunteers and representatives of nationally coordinated associations.
Novel renal biomarkers show that creatine supplementation is safe: a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial
Authors: de Oliveira Vilar Neto José , da Silva Carlos Alberto , Meneses Gdayllon Cavalcante , Pinto Daniel Vieira , Brito Luciana Catunda , da Cruz Fonseca Said Goncalves , de Sousa Alves Renata , Martins Alice Maria Costa , de Oliveira Assumpção Cláudio , De Francesco Daher Elizabeth
Published: April 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of creatine supplementation (CS) on renal function in young, healthy, and active subjects. We used a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial as the study design. Thirty-six healthy male university students were recruited and divided into three groups: group placebo, group G3 (3 g/day of CS), and group G5 (5 g/day of CS). To assess renal function, new kidney biomarkers, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), were quantified. Serum albumin, serum creatinine, serum urea, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), proteinuria, and albuminuria were also measured. All groups were evaluated at two times: prior CS or placebo (pre) and after 35 days on CS or placebo (post). After 35 days of intervention, all characteristics were maintained without significant difference (P > 0.05) between the groups, including serum creatinine, eGFR, and more sensitive kidney biomarker concentrations (KIM-1 and MCP-1). The paired analysis showed that the supplemented groups (G3 and 5G) had increased serum creatinine and decreased eGFR levels (P < 0.05). However, the values were still within the normal reference range. In conclusion, the results of renal function evaluation did not show any difference between the evaluated groups. Increased serum creatinine and decreased eGFR levels in CS groups can be explained by increased creatine stores and metabolism, since creatinine is a by-product of creatine metabolism. These findings indicate that the use of CS at doses of 3 g and 5 g/day for a short period (35 days) is safe and did not impair the kidneys or renal function in young healthy subjects.
Systems Genetics and Systems Biology Analysis of Paraquat Neurotoxicity in BXD Recombinant Inbred Mice
Authors: Torres-Rojas Carolina , Zhuang Daming , Jimenez-Carrion Paola , Silva Isabel , O’Callaghan James P , Lu Lu , Zhao Wenyuan , Mulligan Megan K , Williams Robert W , Jones Byron C
Published: April 2020

Paraquat (PQ) is an herbicide used in many countries, including the United States. It is also implicated as a risk factor for sporadic Parkinson’s disease, especially in those living in agricultural areas and drinking well water. Studies linking PQ to sporadic Parkinson’s disease are not consistent however and there appears to be interindividual differential susceptibility. One likely reason is genetically based differential susceptibility to paraquat neurotoxicity in subpopulations. To address this issue, we tested the effects of paraquat in a genetic reference population of mice (the BXD recombinant inbred strain family). In our earlier work, we showed that in genetically susceptible mice, paraquat increases iron in the ventral midbrain, the area containing the substantia nigra. Our hypothesis is that genetic variability contributes to diverse PQ-related susceptibility and iron concentration. To test this hypothesis, we treated male mice from 28 to 39 BXD strains plus the parental strains with 1 of 3 doses of paraquat, 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg 3 times on a weekly basis. At the end of the treatment period, we analyzed the ventral midbrain for concentrations of iron, copper, and zinc, also we measured the concentration of paraquat in cerebellum, and proinflammatory cytokines in serum and cerebellum. The effect on paraquat-treated mice with 5 mg/kg and principal component analysis of iron showed suggestive quantitative trait loci on chromosome 5. Overall, our results suggest that gene Prkag2 and related networks may serve as potential targets against paraquat toxicity and demonstrate the utility of genetically diverse mouse models for the study of complex human toxicity.