bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“That looks like me or something i can do”: Affordances and constraints in the online identity work of US LGBTQ+ millennials
Authors: Kitzie Vanessa
Published: April 2019

This article examines how search engines and social‐networking sites enable and constrain the identity‐related information practices of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) millennials in the United States. I employ affordances as a process concept to understand the recursive relationship between individuals and technologies and envision information practices as an outcome of this relationship. Guided by this conceptual framework, I conducted 30 semistructured interviews with LGBTQ+ individuals between the ages of 18 and 38. Data analysis identified 3 key affordances that enable and constrain participants' information practices: visibility, anonymity, and association. The findings indicate that participants are highly skilled in appropriating technological features to engage in desired information practices, such as seeking and creating. However, they also must contend with significant sociocultural barriers encoded into these features, which reinforce hetero‐ and cisnormative identity discourses. Library practitioners and systems designers can use these findings to offer services and systems inclusive of LGBTQ+ populations.
Self‐Assembly Behaviors of a Penta‐Phenylene Maltoside and Its Application for Membrane Protein Study
Authors: Ehsan Muhammad , Kumar Ashwani , Mortensen Jonas S. , Du Yang , Hariharan Parameswaran , Kumar Kaavya K. , Ha Betty , Byrne Bernadette , Guan Lan , Kobilka Brian K. , Loland Claus J. , Chae Pil Seok
Published: April 2019

We prepared an amphiphile with a penta‐phenylene lipophilic group and a branched trimaltoside head group. This new agent, designated penta‐phenylene maltoside (PPM), showed a marked tendency to self‐assembly into micelles via strong aromatic–aromatic interactions in aqueous media, as evidenced by 1H NMR spectroscopy and fluorescence studies. When utilized for membrane protein studies, this new agent was superior to DDM, a gold standard conventional detergent, in stabilizing multiple proteins long term. The ability of this agent to form aromatic–aromatic interactions is likely responsible for enhanced protein stabilization when associated with a target membrane protein.
Triggering Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence by Managing the Heteroatom in Donor Scaffolds: Intriguing Photophysical and Electroluminescence Properties
Authors: Konidena Rajendra Kumar , Lee Kyung Hyung , Lee Jun Yeob , Hong Wan Pyo
Published: April 2019

Establishment of the structure–property relationships of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials has become a significant quest for the scientific community. Herein, two new donors, 10H‐benzofuro[3,2‐b]indole (BFI) and 10H‐benzo[4,5]thieno[3,2‐b]indole (BTI), have been developed and integrated with a aryltriazine acceptor to design the green TADF emitters benzofuro[3,2‐b]indol‐10‐yl)‐5‐(4,6‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)benzonitrile (BFICNTrz) and 2‐(10H‐benzo[4,5]thieno[3,2‐b]indol‐10‐yl)‐5‐(4,6‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)benzonitrile (BTICNTrz), respectively. The physicochemical and electroluminescence properties of the compounds were tuned by exchanging the heteroatom in the donor scaffold. Intriguingly, the electronegativity of the heteroatom and the ionization potential of the donor unit played vital roles in control of the singlet–triplet energy splitting and TADF mechanism of the compounds. Both compounds showed similar singlet excited states that originated from the charge transfer (CT) states (1CT), whereas the triplet excited states were tuned by the heteroatom in the donor unit. The origin of phosphorescence in the BTICNTrz emitter was CT emission from the triplet state (3CT), whereas that in the BFICNTrz emitter stemmed from the local triplet excited state (3LE). Consequently, BTICNTrz showed a small singlet–triplet energy splitting of 0.08 eV, compared with 0.26 eV for BFICNTrz. Thus, BTICNTrz showed efficient delayed fluorescence with a high quantum yield and a short delayed exciton lifetime, whereas BFICNTrz displayed weak delayed fluorescence with a relatively long lifetime. Furthermore, a BTICNTrz‐based device exhibited a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 15.2 % and reduced efficiency roll‐off (12 %) compared with its BFICNTrz‐based counterpart, which showed a maximum EQE of 6.4 % and severe efficiency roll‐off (55 %) at a practical brightness range of 1000 cd m−2. These results demonstrate that the choice of subunit plays a vital role in the design of efficient TADF emitters.
A 3D Iodoplumbate Semiconducting Open Framework with Visible‐light‐induced Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Ge Bang‐Di , Wei Qi , Sun Ai‐Huan , Lin Chong‐Yang , Duan Xiao‐Fang , Li Jin‐Hua , Wang Guo‐Ming
Published: April 2019

Employing in situ N‐alkylation of the conjugated compound 9,10‐bis(4‐pyridyl)anthracene (bpanth) as structure‐directing agent, a 3D inorganic‐organic hybrid iodoplumbate, [Me2(bpanth)][Pb4I10] (1), was solvothermally prepared. The in situ N‐alkylation of bpanth with alcohols was investigated. 1 features a novel 3D open framework based on an interesting Pb6I24 cluster. UV/Vis spectroscopy analyses indicate that 1 is a potential semiconductor material with a narrow energy gap of 2.06 eV. It exhibits good catalytic activity in the visible‐light‐drived degradation of an organic dye. This work further illustrates that introducing conjugated organic molecules as templates is conducive to achieving semiconducting hybrid halometallates with narrow band gaps.
Sleep determines quality of life in autistic adults: A longitudinal study
Authors: Deserno Marie K. , Borsboom Denny , Begeer Sander , Agelink van Rentergem Joost A. , Mataw Kawita , Geurts Hilde M.
Published: April 2019

Many individuals with autism report generally low quality of life (QoL). Identifying predictors for pathways underlying this outcome is an urgent priority. We aim to examine multivariate patterns that predict later subjective and objective QoL in autistic individuals. Autistic characteristics, comorbid complaints, aspects of daily functioning, and demographics were assessed online in a 2‐year longitudinal study with 598 autistic adults. Regression trees were fitted to baseline data to identify factors that could predict QoL at follow‐up. We found that sleep problems are an important predictor of later subjective QoL, while the subjective experience of a person's societal contribution is important when it comes to predicting the level of daily activities. Sleep problems are the most important predictor of QoL in autistic adults and may offer an important treatment target for improving QoL. Our results additionally suggest that social satisfaction can buffer this association.Autism Research2019, 12: 794–801. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

Many individuals with autism report generally low quality of life (QoL). In this study, we looked at factors that predict long‐term QoL and found that sleep problems are highly influential. Our results additionally suggest that social satisfaction can buffer this influence. These findings suggest that sleep and social satisfaction could be monitored to increase QoL in autistic adults.
Modeling, simulation and life‐cycle assessment of the use of bio‐oil and char in conventional refineries
Authors: Cruz Pedro L. , Iribarren Diego , Dufour Javier
Published: April 2019

In this article we address the environmental assessment of the coprocessing of biomass‐based feedstock in crude oil refineries. In particular, we consider the coprocessing of bio‐oil (from the pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass) in fluid catalytic cracking and hydrocracking units, and the cogasification of pyrolysis char (coproduced with bio‐oil) with coke. In addition to a conventional fossil‐based refinery used as the base case, we simulate three alternative case studies including different biofeedstock coprocessing layouts based on original models validated against experimental data. We use process simulation as a primary source of data for the life‐cycle assessment (LCA) of each case study. The LCA results show that the system's carbon footprint per energy output is improved when including biofeedstock coprocessing, favoring the study with the highest biofeedstock use. However, the results for other life‐cycle indicators such as the abiotic depletion of elements and eutrophication lead to unfavorable results for biofeedstock coprocessing, which is mainly due to the increased use of catalysts and the need for fertilizers. Hence, the suitability of a specific coprocessing layout will be ultimately conditioned by the performance indicators prioritized by the actors involved in the decision‐making process. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Special education teachers’ experienced burnout and perceived fit with the professional community: A 5‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Soini T. , Pietarinen J. , Pyhältö K. , Haverinen K. , Jindal‐Snape D. , Kontu E.
Published: April 2019

In many countries, including in Finland, promoting inclusive school practices supporting pupils’ equal rights for learning is the focus of school development. Special education teachers play a central intermediary role in developing inclusive school and classroom practices by providing support both for pupils and peer teachers. This may increase their risk of experiencing exhaustion, cynicism towards the teacher community and/or inadequacy in pupil–teacher relationships. However, the resources of a school's social working environment experienced as a functional teacher–working environment fit may buffer the risk of developing burnout. This study aims to gain a better understanding of the interrelation between, and development of, special education teachers’ experienced burnout symptoms and perceived teacher–working environment fit across time. The longitudinal study included two measurements (in year 2010, n = 760 and in year 2016, n = 485). The results show that special education teachers’ experienced inadequacy in pupil–teacher relationships predicted teacher exhaustion, cynicism towards the teacher community and inadequacy in pupil–teacher relationships 5 years later. Moreover, a perceived good teacher–working environment fit predicted lower cynicism towards the teacher community 5 years later.
Bioenergy and Biorefinery: Feedstock, Biotechnological Conversion, and Products
Authors: Amoah Jerome , Kahar Prihardi , Ogino Chiaki , Kondo Akihiko
Published: April 2019

Biorefinery has been suggested to provide relevant substitutes to a number of fossil products. Feedstocks and conversion technologies have, however, been the bottleneck to the realization of this concept. Herein, feedstocks and bioconversion technologies under biorefinery have been reviewed. Over the last decade, research has shown possibilities of generating tens of new products but only few industrial implementations. This is partly associated with low production yields and poor cost‐competitiveness. This review addresses the technical barriers associated with the conversion of emerging feedstocks into chemicals and bioenergy platforms and summarizes the developed biotechnological approaches including advances in metabolic engineering. This summary further suggests possible future advances that would expand the portfolio of biorefinery and speed up the realization of biofuels and biochemicals.
The Transcriptome and Flux Profiling of Crabtree‐Negative Hydroxy Acid‐Producing Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reveals Changes in the Central Carbon Metabolism
Authors: Jessop‐Fabre Mathew M. , Dahlin Jonathan , Biron Mathias B. , Stovicek Vratislav , Ebert Birgitta E. , Blank Lars M. , Budin Itay , Keasling Jay D. , Borodina Irina
Published: April 2019

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) is the yeast cell factory of choice for the production of many biobased chemicals. However, it is a Crabtree‐positive yeast and so shuttles a large portion of carbon into ethanol. Ethanol formation can be eliminated by deleting pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) activity. It is not yet well understood how PDC‐negative yeasts are affected when engineered to produce other products than ethanol. In this study, pathways are introduced for the production of three hydroxy acids (lactic, malic, or 3‐hydroxypropionic acid [3HP]) into an evolved PDC‐negative strain. These strains are characterized via transcriptome and flux profiling to elucidate the effects that the production of these hydroxy acids has on the host strain. Expression of lactic and malic acid biosynthesis pathways improved the maximum specific growth rate (μmax) of the strain by 64% and 20%, respectively, presumably due to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide regeneration. All strains show a very high flux ( > 90% of glucose uptake) into the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway under batch fermentation conditions. The study, for the first time, directly compares the flux and transcriptome profiles of several hydroxy acid‐producing strains of an evolved PDC‐negative S. cerevisiae and suggests directions for future metabolic engineering.
Describing teacher conceptions of technology in authentic science inquiry using technological pedagogical content knowledge as a lens
Authors: Mishra Chandrani , Ha Soo Jung , Parker Loran Carleton , L. Clase Kari
Published: April 2019

Technology has become an indispensable component of both modern life science and life science education. However, due to inadequate knowledge and experience, teachers are often unable to include technology essential for practicing science in their teaching. In this regard, professional development workshops for in‐service and preservice teachers are beneficial. In this study, we described the role of a professional development workshop in enhancing teachers' technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge through the lens of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge framework. Our study is also an example of how teachers can be informed about the current trends in modern research and technology and trained to bring similar research into their classroom. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(4):380–387, 2019.
Examining green policy and sustainable development from the perspective of differentiation and strategic alignment
Authors: Ling Ya Hui
Published: April 2019

The study seeks to explain the influence of green policy on sustainable development from the perspective of differentiation and strategic alignment. The study examined the relationships among a divergent green management strategy, green competencies, and firm performance. The results indicate that a divergent green management strategy is associated with higher firm performance and that such relationship is moderated by green competencies. The study confirms that a differentiation strategy pays off for firms that implement green management. The study also confirms that green policy should consider the strategic alignment between green management strategy and green competencies.
Metformin reduces prostate cancer risk among men with benign prostatic hyperplasia: A nationwide population‐based cohort study
Authors: Kuo Yu‐Jui , Sung Fung‐Chang , Hsieh Po‐Fan , Chang Hui‐Ping , Wu Kun‐Ling , Wu Hsi‐Chin
Published: April 2019

Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH) has been associated with prostate cancer prevalent among men after 50 years of age, however, it is unclear whether the antidiabetic drug, metformin, can reduce prostate cancer for men with BPH. The insurance claims data of men aged 50 years or older, with both type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and BPH diagnosed from 1997 to 2007 were analyzed. Individuals were followed up for at least 5 years. We identified 2906 and 2906 patients as the metformin cohort and nonmetformin cohort, respectively. The Cox method analysis showed that the metformin cohort had an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.49‐0.96, P = 0.0298) for prostate cancer, compared to the nonmetformin cohort after controlling for age, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) use, prostate specific antigen, and Charlson comorbidity index. Patients using TCM for BPH (per 6 months) also had an aHR of 0.41 (95% CI = 0.24‐0.69; P = 0.0009). In conclusion, both metformin medication and TCM use could be associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer for men with BPH and diabetes.
Circulating PD‐1 (+) cells may participate in immune evasion in peripheral T‐cell lymphoma and chidamide enhance antitumor activity of PD‐1 (+) cells
Authors: Zhang Wei , Shen Haorui , Zhang Yan , Wang Wei , Hu Shaoxuan , Zou Dongmei , Zhou Daobin
Published: April 2019

Peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL) is a heterogeneous disease with poor outcomes. We intend to explore the role of circulating PD‐1 (+) cells in tumor immune evasion in PTCL patients and the mechanism of chidamide as a regulator of immune‐associated medicine on PD‐1 (+) cells. Gene expression profiling (GEP) was performed on circulating PD‐1 (+) cells from 22 PTCL patients and 13 healthy subjects, and circulating PD‐1 (−) cells from 2 PTCL patients. PD‐1 (+) cells were treated with chidamide, and the production IFN‐γ and cytotoxicity were analyzed. GEP were performed on circulating PD‐1 (+) cells from 2 PTCL patients treated with chidamide combined with chemotherapy and 1 patient treated with traditional chemotherapy. GEP showed that genes associated with innate immune response were abnormally expressed in PD‐1 (+) cells of PTCL patients compared with healthy subjects, meanwhile the expression of CTLA‐4 was significantly higher in PD‐1 (+) cells than that of PD‐1 (−) cells. In vitro study revealed decreased level of IFN‐γ secretion and impaired cytotoxic activity of PD‐1 (+) cells compared with PD‐1 (−) cells, while chidamide could recover the deficiencies and upregulate adaptive immune‐associated genes in PD‐1 (+) cells of PTCL patients. Our research indicated that PD‐1 (+) cells might have deficiencies in innate and adaptive immune response and chidamide may reverse the defects.
Acute kidney injury predicts all‐cause mortality in patients with cancer
Authors: Kang Eunjeong , Park Minsu , Park Peong Gang , Park Namyong , Jung Younglee , Kang U , Kang Hee Gyung , Kim Dong Ki , Oh Kook‐Hwan , Joo Kwon Wook , Kim Yon Su , Yoon Hyung-Jin , Lee Hajeong
Published: April 2019

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical issue in cancer patients because it is not only a morbid complication but also able to interrupt timely diagnostic evaluation or planned optimal treatment. However, the impact of AKI on overall mortality in cancer patients remains unclear.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 67 986 cancer patients, from 2004 to 2013 to evaluate the relationship between AKI and all‐cause mortality. We used KDIGO AKI definition and grading system.

Results

During 3.9 ± 3.1 years of follow‐up, 33.8% of the patients experienced AKI at least once. Among AKI events, stage 1, 2, and 3 was 71.0%, 13.8%, and 15.1%, respectively. AKI incidence was highest in hematologic malignancies, followed by urinary tract cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Male sex, older age, underlying diabetes and hypertension, lower serum albumin and plasma hemoglobin, more frequent radio‐contrast exposure, entrance of clinical trials, and receiving chemotherapy were associated with AKI occurrence. AKI development was an independent risk factor for elevated mortality in cancer patients with dose‐responsive manner (Stage 1, hazard ratio [HR] 1.183, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.145‐1.221, P < 0.001; Stage 2, HR 1.710, 95% CI 1.629‐1.796; Stage 3, HR 2.000, 95% CI 1.910‐2.095; No AKI, reference group) even after adjustment. This tendency was reproduced in various cancer types except thyroid cancer and in various treatment modalities, however, not shown in patients with baseline renal dysfunction.

Conclusion

AKI was an independent risk factor for all‐cause mortality in overall cancer patients with dose‐responsive manner.
Systematic evaluation of cancer‐specific genetic risk score for 11 types of cancer in The Cancer Genome Atlas and Electronic Medical Records and Genomics cohorts
Authors: Shi Zhuqing , Yu Hongjie , Wu Yishuo , Lin Xiaoling , Bao Quanwa , Jia Haifei , Perschon Chelsea , Duggan David , Helfand Brian T. , Zheng Siqun L. , Xu Jianfeng
Published: April 2019

Background

Genetic risk score (GRS) is an odds ratio (OR)‐weighted and population‐standardized method for measuring cumulative effect of multiple risk‐associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We hypothesize that GRS is a valid tool for risk assessment of most common cancers.

Methods

Utilizing genotype and phenotype data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Electronic Medical Records and Genomics (eMERGE), we tested 11 cancer‐specific GRSs (bladder, breast, colorectal, glioma, lung, melanoma, ovarian, pancreatic, prostate, renal, and thyroid cancer) for association with the respective cancer type. Cancer‐specific GRSs were calculated, for the first time in these cohorts, based on previously published risk‐associated SNPs using the Caucasian subjects in these two cohorts.

Results

Mean cancer‐specific GRS in the population controls of eMERGE approximated the expected value of 1.00 (between 0.98 and 1.02) for all 11 types of cancer. Mean cancer‐specific GRS was consistently higher in respective cancer patients than controls for all 11 types of cancer (P < 0.05). When subjects were categorized into low‐, average‐, and high‐risk groups based on cancer‐specific GRS (<0.5, 0.5‐1.5, and >1.5, respectively), significant dose‐response associations of higher cancer‐specific GRS with higher OR of respective type of cancer were found for nine types of cancer (P‐trend < 0.05). More than 64% subjects in the population controls of eMERGE can be classified as high risk for at least one type of these cancers.

Conclusion

Validity of GRS for predicting cancer risk is demonstrated for most types of cancer. If confirmed in larger studies, cancer‐specific GRS may have the potential for developing personalized cancer screening strategy.
Towards identifying customer profiles in reactions to financial overcompensation: The role of self‐interest and fairness sensitivity in explaining who prefers more money
Authors: Haesevoets Tessa , Van Hiel Alain , Pandelaere Mario , De Cremer David
Published: April 2019

In the aftermath of a product failure, companies often offer a financial compensation. The present research compares the effects of equal compensation (i.e., a refund that is equivalent to the purchase price) and large overcompensation (i.e., a refund that is five times larger than the purchase price) on customer loyalty, which was hypothesized to be moderated by individual differences in self‐interest and fairness sensitivity. Our results, first of all, revealed that, overall, large overcompensation does not result in higher customer loyalty than equal compensation. Although overcompensation does not appear to be a worthwhile strategy in general, our results also showed that large overcompensation nonetheless entails positive effects for a particular type of customer. Indeed, relative to equal compensation, overcompensation had an incremental effect on customer loyalty for customers low on perpetrator fairness sensitivity and for customers high on victim fairness sensitivity. Variables related to self‐interest (i.e., materialism and greed) did not demonstrate such a moderation effect. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Chemodiversity of Essential Oils in Seseli libanotis (L.) W.D.J.Koch (Apiaceae) in Central Europe
Authors: Chizzola Remigius
Published: April 2019

Seseli libanotis is an aromatic umbelliferous plant distributed sporadically on dry grassland edges in Europe and Western Asia. The essential oil composition in the different plant parts was studied from plants collected on nine sites in Austria and one site in Alto Adige, Italy. Monoterpenes such as α‐pinene, sabinene and β‐myrcene and the sesquiterpene germacrene D were present in all essential oils from the aerial parts. Inflorescences and fruits had the highest essential oil contents. These essential oils from four sites were rich in acorenone B, while from other three sites they had carotol as a major component. Osthole as furocoumarin occurred in some oils. The root essential oils were dominated by α‐pinene. The essential oil variability has been studied by principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis (DA) with plant parts or sampling site as a priori groups. PCA could well separate inflorescence and fruit essential oil samples from leaf and stem essential oil samples. DA differentiated well between the plant parts and most of the sampling sites.
Medical evaluation of psychotic symptoms in children and adolescents: Key approaches
Authors: Stern Danielle , Majczak Marta
Published: April 2019

When a child presents to the emergency department exhibiting symptoms of psychosis, a thoughtful workup is required to look for any medical causes that might be reversible. While all children should receive some level of medical investigation, the extent can depend on the specific presentation.
Breast implant–associated anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Collins Katrina , DiGiuseppe Joseph A.
Published: April 2019

Key Clinical Message

In patients with suspected breast implant–associated anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma, cytologic evaluation of fine‐needle aspirate specimens from the peri‐implant seroma, together with flow cytometric immunophenotyping and immunohistochemistry, represents a suitable preoperative diagnostic approach when planning for surgical management.
Online discrimination of chemical substances using standoff laser‐induced fluorescence signals
Authors: Kraus Marian , Gebert Florian , Walter Arne , Pargmann Carsten , Duschek Frank
Published: April 2019

Chemical contamination of objects and surfaces, caused by accident or on purpose, is a common security issue. Immediate countermeasures depend on the class of risk and consequently on the characteristics of the substances. Laser‐based standoff detection techniques can help to provide information about the thread without direct contact of humans to the hazardous materials. This article explains a data acquisition and classification procedure for laser‐induced fluorescence spectra of several chemical agents. The substances are excited from a distance of 3.5 m by laser pulses of two UV wavelengths (266 and 355 nm) with less than 0.1 mJ per laser pulse and a repetition rate of 100 Hz. Each pair of simultaneously emitted laser pulses is separated using an optical delay line. Every measurement consists of a dataset of 100 spectra per wavelength containing the signal intensities in the spectral range from 250 to 680 nm, recorded by a 32‐channel photo multiplying tube array. Based on this dataset, three classification algorithms are trained which can distinguish the samples by their single spectra with an accuracy of over 98%. These predictive models, generated with decision trees, support vector machines, and neural networks, can identify all agents (eg, benzaldehyde, isoproturon, and piperine) within the current set of substances.
Hitherto‐Unexplored Photodynamic Therapy of Ag2S and Enhanced Regulation Based on Polydopamine In Vitro and Vivo
Authors: Cheng Kai , Zhang Xiao‐Shuai , An Jie , Li Cheng , Zhang Ruo‐Yun , Ye Run , Ye Bang‐Jiao , Liu Bo , Zhao Yuan‐Di
Published: April 2019

Given their superior penetration depths, photosensitizers with longer absorption wavelengths present broader application prospects in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Herein, Ag2S quantum dots were discovered, for the first time, to be capable of killing tumor cells through the photodynamic route by near‐infrared light irradiation, which means relatively less excitation of the probe compared with traditional photosensitizers absorbing short wavelengths. On modification with polydopamine (PDA), PDA‐Ag2S was obtained, which showed outstanding capacity for inducing reactive oxygen species (increased by 1.69 times). With the addition of PDA, Ag2S had more opportunities to react with surrounding O2, which was demonstrated by typical triplet electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis. Furthermore, the PDT effects of Ag2S and PDA‐Ag2S achieved at longer wavelengths were almost identical to the effects produced at 660 nm, which was proved by studies in vitro. PDA‐Ag2S showed distinctly better therapeutic effects than Ag2S in experiments in vivo, which further validated the enhanced regulatory effect of PDA. Altogether, a new photosensitizer with longer absorption wavelength was developed by using the hitherto‐unexplored photodynamic function of Ag2S quantum dots, which extended and enhanced the regulatory effect originating from PDA.
3D Organic–Inorganic Perovskite Ferroelastic Materials with Two Ferroelastic Phases: [Et3P(CH2)2F][Mn(dca)3] and [Et3P(CH2)2Cl][Mn(dca)3]
Authors: Zhao Meng‐Meng , Zhou Lin , Shi Ping‐Ping , Zheng Xuan , Chen Xiao‐Gang , Gao Ji‐Xing , He Lei , Ye Qiong , Liu Cai‐Ming , Fu Da‐Wei
Published: April 2019

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite‐type multiferroics have attracted considerable research interest owing to their fundamental scientific significance and promising technological applications in sensors and multiple‐state memories. The recent achievements with divalent metal dicyanamide compounds revealed such malleable frameworks as a unique platform for developing novel functional materials. Herein, two 3D organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites [Et3P(CH2)2F][Mn(dca)3] (1) and [Et3P(CH2)2Cl][Mn(dca)3] (2) (dca=dicyanamide, N(CN)2−) are presented. Accompanying the sequential phase transitions, they display a broad range of intriguing physical properties, including above room temperature ferroelastic behavior, switchable dielectricity, and low‐temperature antiferromagnetic ordering (Tc=2.4 K for both 1 and 2). It is also worth noting that the spontaneous strain value of 1 is far beyond that of 2 in the first ferroelastic phase, as a result of the precise halogen substitution. From the point view of molecular design, this work should inspire further exploration of multifunctional molecular materials with desirable properties.
Iron‐Catalysed Remote C(sp3)−H Azidation of O‐Acyl Oximes and N‐Acyloxy Imidates Enabled by 1,5‐Hydrogen Atom Transfer of Iminyl and Imidate Radicals: Synthesis of γ‐Azido Ketones and β‐Azido Alcohols
Authors: Torres‐Ochoa Rubén O. , Leclair Alexandre , Wang Qian , Zhu Jieping
Published: April 2019

In the presence of a catalytic amount of iron(III) acetylacetonate [Fe(acac)3], the reaction of structurally diverse ketoxime esters with trimethylsilyl azide (TMSN3) afforded γ‐azido ketones in good to excellent yields. This unprecedented distal γ‐C(sp3)−H bond azidation reaction went through a sequence of reductive generation of an iminyl radical, 1,5‐hydrogen atom transfer (1,5‐HAT) and iron‐mediated redox azido transfer to the translocated carbon radical. TMSN3 served not only as a nitrogen source to functionalise the unactivated C(sp3)−H bond, but also as a reductant to generate the catalytically active FeII species in situ. Based on the same principle, a novel β‐C(sp3)−H functionalisation of alcohols via N‐acyloxy imidates was subsequently realised, leading, after hydrolysis of the resulting ester, to β‐azido alcohols, which are important building blocks in organic and medicinal chemistry.
Activation of SO2 by N/Si+ and N/B Frustrated Lewis Pairs: Experimental and Theoretical Comparison with CO2 Activation
Authors: Adenot Aurélien , von Wolff Niklas , Lefèvre Guillaume , Berthet Jean‐Claude , Thuéry Pierre , Cantat Thibault
Published: April 2019

The guanidine 1,5,7‐triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec‐5‐ene (TBD) and the substituted derivatives [TBD–SiR2]+ and TBD–BR2 reacted with SO2 to give different FLP–SO2 adducts. Molecular structures, elucidated by X‐ray diffraction, showed some structural similarities with the analogous CO2 adducts. Thermodynamic stabilities were both experimentally evidenced and computed through DFT calculations. The underlying parameters governing the relative stabilities of the different SO2 and CO2 adducts were discussed from a theoretical standpoint, with a focus on the influence of the Lewis acidic moiety.
Oxygen Functionalization of Hexagonal Boron Nitride on Ni(111)
Authors: Späth Florian , Soni Himadri R. , Steinhauer Johann , Düll Fabian , Bauer Udo , Bachmann Phillip , Hieringer Wolfgang , Görling Andreas , Steinrück Hans‐Peter , Papp Christian
Published: April 2019

The interaction of single‐layer hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) on Ni(111) with molecular oxygen from a supersonic molecular beam led to a covalently bonded molecular oxygen species, which was identified as being between a superoxide and a peroxide. This is a rare example of an activated adsorption process leading to a molecular adsorbate. The amount of oxygen functionalization depended on the kinetic energy of the molecular beam. For a kinetic energy of 0.7 eV, an oxygen coverage of 0.4 ML was found. Near‐edge X‐ray adsorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy revealed a stronger bond of h‐BN to the Ni(111) substrate in the presence of the covalently bound oxygen species. Oxygen adsorption also led to a shift of the valence bands to lower binding energies. Subsequent temperature‐programmed X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the oxygen boron bonds are stable up to approximately 580 K, when desorption, and simultaneously, etching of h‐BN set in. The experimental results were substantiated by density functional theory calculations, which provided insight to the adsorption geometry, the adsorption energy and the reaction pathway.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Derived 3‐Azabutadiene as a π‐Base in Classic and Frustrated Lewis Pair Chemistry
Authors: Kim Youngsuk , Liu Liu Leo , Stephan Douglas W.
Published: April 2019

N‐Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) derived 3‐azabutadienes 1 and 2 have been prepared by a single‐step reaction of the corresponding NHC with cyclohexyl isocyanide. Compound 1 features π‐basic, delocalized nucleophilic sites over the 3‐azabutadiene moiety, therefore allowing for coordinating with small Lewis acids, such as AlCl3, GaCl3, and Me2SAuCl, to form diverse classic Lewis adducts 3–5. Combination of 1 with B(C6F5)3 or [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] resulted in single‐electron transfer and the obtained radical cation was detected by EPR. In addition, a frustrated Lewis pair comprised of the π‐basic 1 and BPh3 effects the splitting of the O−H bond of phenol and the N−H bond of imidazole to give 7 and 8, respectively. An intrinsic bond orbital (IBO) analysis of the pathway leading to 8 showcases the transformation of the delocalized π‐electrons of 1 to a newly formed C−H localized σ‐bond.
A Thorium Metal‐Organic Framework with Outstanding Thermal and Chemical Stability
Authors: Carter Korey P. , Ridenour J. August , Kalaj Mark , Cahill Christopher L.
Published: April 2019

A new thorium metal‐organic framework (MOF), Th(OBA)2, where OBA is 4,4′‐oxybis(benzoic) acid, has been synthesized hydrothermally in the presence of a range of nitrogen‐donor coordination modulators. This Th‐MOF, described herein as GWMOF‐13, has been characterized by single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction, as well as through a range of techniques including gas sorption, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), solid‐state UV/Vis and luminescence spectroscopy. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis of GWMOF‐13 reveals an interesting, high symmetry (cubic Ia
d) structure, which yields a novel srs‐a topology. Most notably, TGA analysis of GWMOF‐13 reveals framework stability to 525 °C, matching the thermal stability benchmarks of the UiO‐66 series MOFs and zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), and setting a new standard for thermal stability in f‐block based MOFs.
Allergic contact dermatitis from Solvent Orange 60 in spectacle frames
Authors: Shono Mamiko , Numata Mitsuru , Sasaki Kazumi
Published: April 2019

Potential allergens in plastic spectacle frames concern plasticizers, antioxidants, UV filters, and dyes. Among the latter, Solvent Orange 60 (SO 60) has been recognized as an important allergen, and presently 32 cases have been reported in Japan and Scandinavia. In Japan, the first case of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) from SO 60 in spectacle frames was reported in 1999, and 17 similar cases followed until 2018. Since 2006, 14 cases, observed among plastic production workers, and spectacle and dental goggle users, were reported in Scandinavia. This review provides a summary of the 18 Japanese cases of ACD from SO 60, the clinical manifestations, diagnostic method and results, provenance of causative spectacle plastic plates, as well as some countermeasures to prevent contact allergy to it.
Keratinocytes are mechanoresponsive to the microflow‐induced shear stress
Authors: Agarwal Tarun , Narayana Gautham H. , Banerjee Indranil
Published: April 2019

Here, we have reported that keratinocytes respond to the microflow‐induced shear stress both at the collective and individual cell level. Using a microfluidic setup, we categorically showed that low shear stress of magnitude 0.06 dyne/cm2 could induce morphological variation and cytoskeletal reorganization in keratinocyte, whereas higher shear stress (6 dyne/cm2) resulted in cellular disruption. Using a series of blocker molecules specific to different mechanotransducers, we demonstrated the pivotal role of actin network in keratinocyte mechanoresponsiveness in conjugation with myosin and lipid rafts. Flow‐induced shear stress also induced significant elevation in E‐cadherin and Zonula occludens‐1 (ZO‐1) expression levels. We further showed that under the influence of shear stress, the extent of colocalization of E‐cadherin and ZO‐1 was more at the cell–cell junction that indicates an improvement in the epithelial phenotype. An increase in the expression of nuclear lamin was also observed in the sheared cells that suggest the transmission of mechanical signals to the nucleus. It is envisioned that this study may find its application in basic and applied organogenesis of the epidermis.
Change in colour preference in 50 years duration and its dependence on age
Authors: Nemcsics Antal , Takács Jenő
Published: April 2019

To our knowledge, there has been no colour preference studies carried out 50 years apart, by using identical colour samples, done under identical experimental circumstances and by using experimental subjects selected from identical population groups. Our present article is a comparative study based on two experiments carried out on colour preference in 1967 and following that in 2017 50 years later.

Graphs and mathematical expressions show the dependence of colour preference on age of the general public in this study.
Light‐Harvesting Antenna and Proton‐Activated Photodynamic Effect of a Novel BODIPY−Fullerene C60 Dyad as Potential Antimicrobial Agent
Authors: Agazzi Maximiliano L. , Durantini Javier E. , Gsponer Natalia S. , Durantini Andrés M. , Bertolotti Sonia G. , Durantini Edgardo N.
Published: April 2019

A covalently linked BODIPY−fullerene C60 dyad (BDP−C60) was synthesized as a two‐segment structure, which consists of a visible light‐harvesting antenna attached to an energy or electron acceptor moiety. This structure was designed to improve the photodynamic action of fullerene C60 to inactivate bacteria. The absorption spectrum of BDP−C60 was found to be a superposition of the spectra of its constitutional moieties, whereas the fluorescence emission of the BODIPY unit was strongly quenched by the fullerene C60. Spectroscopic, calculations, and redox studies indicate a competence between photoinduced energy and electron transfer. Protonating the dimethylaminophenyl substituent through addition of an acidic medium led to a substantial increase in the fluorescence emission, triplet excited state formation, and singlet molecular oxygen production. At physiological pH, photosensitized inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus mediated by 1 μM BDP−C60 exhibited a 4.5 log decrease of cell survival (>99.997 %) after 15 min irradiation. A similar result was obtained with Escherichia coli using 30 min irradiation. Moreover, proton‐activated photodynamic action of BDP−C60 turned this dyad into a highly effective photosensitizer to eradicate E. coli. Therefore, BDP−C60 is an interesting photosensitizing structure in which the light‐harvesting antenna effect of the BODIPY unit combined with the protonation of dimethylaminophenyl group can be used to improve the photoinactivation of bacteria.
Certified Benefit Corporations as a new way to make sustainable business: The Italian example
Authors: Gazzola Patrizia , Grechi Daniele , Ossola Paola , Pavione Enrica
Published: April 2019

A Benefit Corporation is one possible alternative to traditional business models and a new way of managing business and sustainability. Emphasis on B‐Corporations in Italy dates back 2006, and 1 year later, B LAB certified the first Benefit Corporation Industry using the first version of the Benefit Impact Assessment process. Since then, the number of B‐Corporations has been growing, showing the success of the initiative of this category of firm that have voluntarily decided to pursue, like the profit, a further purpose: to obtain in the exercise of economic activity a positive impact on society and on the planet. After a presentation of the Benefit Corporation features, the main aim of this paper is to explore the relations that exists between the five different impact areas considered in certification awarded to Certified Benefit Corporation and the net profit value, using ordinary least squares regression model based on the entire sample of the Italian Certified enterprises.
Cytological differences between invasive and noninvasive or minimally invasive lung adenocarcinomas diagnosed in Japanese patients using needle biopsy specimens of pulmonary lesions ≤3 cm in diameter
Authors: Matsubayashi Jun , Miyake Shinji , Kudo Yujin , Shimada Yoshihisa , Maeda Junichi , Saji Hisashi , Kakihana Masatoshi , Park Jinho , Kajiwara Naohiro , Inoue Shigeru , Saito Kazuhiro , Ohira Tatsuo , Ikeda Norihiko , Tokuuye Koichi , Nagao Toshitaka
Published: April 2019

Background

According to the WHO classification for lung cancer, adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) have a better prognosis than invasive adenocarcinoma (IAD). However, detecting the foci of invasion in lung adenocarcinomas radiologically remains difficult. The present study examined whether or not differences in the cytological characteristics between IAD and AIS or MIA (noninvasive or minimally invasive adenocarcinomas [NMIAD]) plays a role in the differential diagnosis.

Methods

Seventy surgical resection specimens of primary lung adenocarcinoma with preoperative cytology, in which several parameters were evaluated and assessed.

Results

The histopathological diagnoses of surgical resection specimens were AIS in 8, MIA in 31, IAD in 31 including lepidic adenocarcinoma in 9, and papillary adenocarcinoma in 22. NMIAD had a 100% 5‐year recurrence‐free survival (RFS), while IAD had an 82.8% 5‐year RFS. The numbers of tumor cells (at ×10 magnification in 10 fields) were 60.3 ± 40.5 in IAD and 39.8 ± 28.7 in NMIAD (P = 0.0017). A univariate analysis of cytological parameters revealed significant differences in large tumor cell clusters, three‐dimensional (3D) tumor cell clusters, and irregular nuclear contours between the two groups. The frequency of irregular nuclear contours continued to be significantly different according to a multivariate analysis.

Conclusion

Large or 3D tumor cell clusters and irregular nuclear contours may be important cytological factors for distinguishing IAD from NMIAD, with the latter being potentially more important for distinguishing between the two groups.
Plant size influences abundance of floral visitors and biomass allocation for the cushion plant Thylacospermum caespitosum under an extreme alpine environment
Authors: Zhao Ruiming , Zhang Hua , An Lizhe
Published: April 2019

Variation in size may influence the abundance of visitors and reproductive allocation for cushion plants in the extreme alpine environments. To assess effects of plant size on the abundance of main visitors and reproductive allocation in Thylacospermum caespitosum populations at two altitudes, the abundance of the visitors, visiting frequency, total number of flowers, number of fruits, number of unseeded flowers, and reproductive allocation were investigated during the period of reproductive growth. Concurrently, the effects of plant size on the visitors' contributions to fruit setting rate were assessed by a bagging experiment. Our results showed that flies (Musca domestica and Dasyphora asiatica) were the main pollinating insects of T. caespitosum, and they could obvious facilitate (p < 0.05) the fruit setting rate of this cushion plant. Seed set and floral visitation were significantly influenced (p < 0.001) by plant size. Moreover, the reproductive allocation and fruit setting rate of T. caespitosum was influenced (p < 0.001) by plant size. More biomass was allocated to reproduction in plants of greater diameter. There is an increase in reproductive success (increases of fruit number with increase in plant size) in relation to plant size. In conclusion, the extent of M. domestica and D. asiatica to facilitate the fruit setting rate mainly depended on the size of T. caespitosum. Size‐dependent reproductive allocation occurred in T. caespitosum and was the chief factor affecting the contribution of flies to fruit setting rate. These traits reflect reproductive fitness of T. caespitosum related to plant size in extreme alpine environments.
Synthesis and Characterization of Diferrocenyl Conjugates: Varying π‐Conjugated Bridging Ligands and its Consequence on Electrochemical Communication
Authors: Roy Sourav Saha , Patra Sanjib K.
Published: April 2019

Organometallic wire‐like complexes with ferrocenyl termini, conjugated with one and two units of thienylethynyl (M1andM2) and thienyl (M3andM4) groups, have been synthesized with a general formula of [Fc‐C≡C‐(Th‐C≡C)1‐2‐Fc] and [Fc‐(Th)1‐2‐Fc] (Fc = ferrocenyl, Th = thienyl) respectively. The diferrocenyl organometallic complexes have been characterized by various spectroscopic tools such as multinuclear NMR, FTIR, elemental analysis, and mass spectrometry. The electrochemical properties of these compounds have been investigated by cyclic (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The single reversible oxidation wave in diferrocenyl complexes with thienylethynyl spacers (M1andM2) indicates the absence of intramolecular electrochemical communication between the two ferrocenyl termini. Interestingly, the diferrocenyl complexes with one and two thienyl spacers (M3andM4) show two successive reversible one‐electron oxidation waves, indicating electronic coupling between the two ferrocenyl (Fc) termini. The potential difference (ΔE1/2) between the two redox centers is 160 mV and 130 mV, respectively, with the corresponding comproportionation constants (Kc) of 6.2 × 102and 1.5 × 102. Upon mono‐oxidation ofM3by [Cp2Fe][BF4], a broad and weak intervalence charge‐transfer (IVCT) transition is observed in the NIR region of 1200–2200 nm.
Mechanistic Insights into Light‐Activated Catalysis for Water Oxidation
Authors: Natali Mirco , Nastasi Francesco , Puntoriero Fausto , Sartorel Andrea
Published: April 2019

Invited for the cover of this issue is Andrea Sartorel from the University of Padova, Italy. The cover image shows a “water oxidation” sundial from Vannes (Brittany, France).