bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Galvanic-Replacement-Assisted Synthesis of Nanostructured Silver-Surface for SERS Characterization of Two-Dimensional Polymers
Authors: Zhao Wenkai , Tan Runxiang , Yang Yanping , Yang Haoyong , Wang Jianing , Yin Xiaodong , Wu Daheng , Zhang Tao
Published: January 2024

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy is a powerful technology in trace analysis. However, the wide applications of SERS in practice are limited by the expensive substrate materials and the complicated preparation processes. Here we report a simple and economical galvanic-replacement-assisted synthesis route to prepare Ag nanoparticles on Cu(0) foil (nanoAg@Cu), which can be directly used as SERS substrate. The fabrication process is fast (ca. 10 min) and easily scaled up to centimeters or even larger. In addition, the morphology of the nanoAg@Cu (with Ag particles size from 30 nm to 160 nm) can be adjusted by various additives (e.g., amino-containing ligands). Finally, we show that the as-prepared nanoAg@Cu can be used for SERS characterization of two-dimensional polymers, and ca. 298 times relative enhancement of Raman intensity is achieved. This work offers a simple and economical strategy for the scalable fabrication of silver-based SERS substrate in thin film analysis.
Evolution Characteristics of Void in the Caving Zone Using Fiber Optic Sensing
Authors: Chai Jing , Qiu Fengqi , Zhu Lei , Zhang Dingding
Published: January 2024

Addressing the issue of low filling efficiency in gangue slurry backfilling due to unclear evolution characteristics of voids in the overlying collapsed rock mass during mining, this study utilizes fiber optic sensing technology to monitor real-time strain changes within the rock mass. It proposes a void zoning method based on fiber optic sensing for mining the overlying rock and, in combination with physical model experiments, systematically investigates the dimensions, distribution, and deformation characteristics of rock mass voids. By analyzing fiber optic sensing data, the correlation between the rate of void expansion and the stress state of the rock mass is revealed. The research results demonstrate that as mining progresses, the internal voids of the rock mass gradually expand, exhibiting complex spatial distribution patterns. During the mining process, the expansion of voids within the overlying collapsed rock mass is closely related to the stress state of the rock mass. The rate of void expansion is influenced by changes in stress, making stress regulation a key factor in preventing void expansion and rock mass instability. The application of fiber optic sensing technology allows for more accurate monitoring of changes in rock mass voids, enabling precise zoning of voids in the overlying collapsed rock mass during mining. This zoning method has been validated against traditional theoretical calculations and experimental results. This research expands our understanding of the evolution characteristics of voids in overlying collapsed rock mass and provides valuable reference for backfilling engineering practices and backfilling parameter optimization.
A Precise and Stable Space-Based Time System for Navigation in Smart Cities
Authors: Li Shaoqian , Lin Baojun , Li Rui , Hu Xiaogong , Dong Richang
Published: January 2024

The high-accuracy and high-stability space-based time system is necessary for satellite navigation systems to achieve high quality of service (QoS) on navigation and positioning in smart city applications. This paper proposes a precise and high-stability space-based time system established under the autonomous time scale of navigation satellites. The generation, maintenance, and transfer of high-precision space-based time references are researched. A centralized time comparison method based on the ALGOS algorithm conducts the two-way time comparison of the inter-satellite link. Specifically, using the relative clock difference observations of all links between satellites for a certain period of time, the clock difference, clock speed, and clock drift parameters of n−1 stars in a constellation of n stars relative to the same reference can be estimated simultaneously. Simulations are conducted on real collected data from the Beidou navigation systems when providing services to smart cities around the world. The simulation results show the high accuracy and stability of the proposed space-based time system under the autonomous time scale reference. Moreover, the clock offset monitoring arc coverage is much higher than the satellite clock offset obtained by the direct observation of the satellite and the anchor station. It proves the efficiency of the proposed space-based time system to be used for satellite clock offset modeling and prediction.
Dynamic Virtual Fixture Generation Based on Intra-Operative 3D Image Feedback in Robot-Assisted Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery
Authors: Shi Yunze , Zhu Peizhang , Wang Tengyue , Mai Haonan , Yeh Xiyang , Yang Liangjing , Wang Jingfan
Published: January 2024

This paper proposes a method for generating dynamic virtual fixtures with real-time 3D image feedback to facilitate human–robot collaboration in medical robotics. Seamless shared control in a dynamic environment, like that of a surgical field, remains challenging despite extensive research on collaborative control and planning. To address this problem, our method dynamically creates virtual fixtures to guide the manipulation of a trocar-placing robot arm using the force field generated by point cloud data from an RGB-D camera. Additionally, the “view scope” concept selectively determines the region for computational points, thereby reducing computational load. In a phantom experiment for robot-assisted port incision in minimally invasive thoracic surgery, our method demonstrates substantially improved accuracy for port placement, reducing error and completion time by 50% (p=1.06×10−2) and 35% (p=3.23×10−2), respectively. These results suggest that our proposed approach is promising in improving surgical human–robot collaboration.
IoT Water Quality Monitoring and Control System in Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor to Reduce Total Ammonia Nitrogen
Authors: Suriasni Putu A. , Faizal Ferry , Hermawan Wawan , Subhan Ujang , Panatarani Camellia , Joni I Made
Published: January 2024

Traditional aquaculture systems appear challenged by the high levels of total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) produced, which can harm aquatic life. As demand for global fish production continues to increase, farmers should adopt recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) equipped with biofilters to improve the water quality of the culture. The biofilter plays a crucial role in ammonia removal. Therefore, a biofilter such as a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) biofilter is usually used in the RAS to reduce ammonia. However, the disadvantage of biofilter operation is that it requires an automatic system with a water quality monitoring and control system to ensure optimal performance. Therefore, this study focuses on developing an Internet of Things (IoT) system to monitor and control water quality to achieve optimal biofilm performance in laboratory-scale MBBR. From 35 days into the experiment, water quality was maintained by an aerator’s on/off control to provide oxygen levels suitable for the aquatic environment while monitoring the pH, temperature, and total dissolved solids (TDS). When the amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the MBBR was optimal, the highest TAN removal efficiency was 50%, with the biofilm thickness reaching 119.88 μm. The forthcoming applications of the IoT water quality monitoring and control system in MBBR enable farmers to set up a system in RAS that can perform real-time measurements, alerts, and adjustments of critical water quality parameters such as TAN levels.
Energy and Environmental Challenges in the European Union and Green Bonds
Authors: Maris Georgios , Psychalis Marios
Published: January 2024

Could the European Union mitigate the negative effects of economic, pandemic and environmental crises using only one tool? The answer is positive, by implementing “green” fiscal expansion financed by “green” common debt, such as issuing green bonds. In this paper, we connect the independent responses to different crises into a single response that could end them. The European Union’s theoretical background is based on new-classical models, but current research findings doubt new-classical orthodoxy, underling the importance of economic federalism for sustainable economic and green growth. We argue that the Economic and Monetary Union has to speed up fiscal federalism by establishing a powerful European Union common budget using green Eurobonds and implementing fiscal transfers as a mechanism to address the consequences of the triple crisis.
Perspectives on Drivers of Biodiversity and Environmental Changes in the Keta Lagoon Ramsar Site of Ghana
Authors: Mattah Precious Agbeko Dzorgbe , Akwetey Margaret Fafa Awushie , Abrokwah Sika , Prah Prince , Tuffour Domarine Kwaboah , Aheto Denis Worlanyo , Subramanian Suneetha
Published: January 2024

There is a general decline in biodiversity and the environment of coastal wetlands worldwide. Reasons for the decline obviously include overexploitation of wetland resources, climate change and industrialization, to mention but a few. This study used a purely qualitative approach using mainly focus group discussions (FDGs) in the framework of Driver–Pressure–State–Impact–Response (DPSIR) to examine the changes occurring in the largest coastal wetland in Ghana—the Keta Lagoon Complex Ramsar Site (KLCRS). The results indicate that the state of the environment is bedevilled with species loss, increases in salinity, decreases in the physical size of fish species and many others. Pressures and related drivers were noted by the respondents. The results point to the fact that communities are not oblivious to the adaptation measures to implement in order to overcome the degradation of KLCRS. Overall, this study points to the fact that local communities have a good knowledge and understanding of their environment and are always in a position to offer ideas related to managing the environment if given the chance.
A Desktop Assessment of Ozone Micro-Nanobubble Technology for Algae and PFAS Removal from Surface Water Bodies Using Open-Source Water Quality Data
Authors: Aber Soheil , Aguada Rachelle , Marasinghe Randimal , Chow Christopher W. K. , Rameezdeen Raufdeen , Xing Ke
Published: January 2024

Ozone is an excellent oxidant and helps in breaking down both organic and inorganic compounds; this effect is further enhanced when it decomposes into hydroxyl radicals. Several studies confirm the good performance of ozonation and micro-nanobubble technology in eradicating algae and per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances. However, very little is known about the application of ozone micro-nanobubble technology in small-scale treatment; hence, this research aims to assess the potential of this technology. A survey was performed to obtain the water quality parameters of some selected water bodies via relevant open-source databases. The water quality was compared against the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) guidelines to identify those that did not meet the criteria and it was identified that 18% of the surface water bodies were below the recommended guidelines. The identified water sources were then used for the treatment simulation, which applies the literature-reported % removal of water quality parameters to predict the effectiveness of ozone micro-nanobubble technology for the selected water sources in this study. Furthermore, the time (dose) that is needed for the treatment using this technology was estimated based on the surface area of the water bodies. The scalability study was conducted to assess how many water bodies could be treated within a day using a 50 m3/h flow rate, which yielded a value of 27%. It was concluded that ozone micro-nanobubble technology can treat algae and per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances in surface waters as part of their treatment process by reducing treatment frequency and environmental impacts. By observing the benefits of ozone micro-nanobubble technology, there is a considerable chance that the surface water bodies in the City of Salisbury and, therefore, other small-scale water treatment plants, will be healthier after undergoing this process. This study demonstrated the advantages of applying open-source water quality data as a quick approximation of the evaluation of new treatment techniques, which will help engineers to better predict the performance of the designed field trials.
Contributions from Research with (and Not without) Roma Women to Social Work during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: López de Aguileta Ane
Published: January 2024

Scientific literature has evidenced that some social work practices and research tend to foster assimilation and silence ethnic minorities. In the case of Roma, previous research has shown that many social welfare practices do not consider their voices and end up in actions for surveillance and control over social transformation. However, the successful practices in social work with the Roma population that overcome these limitations remain underexplored. This work contributes to this gap in the scientific literature by uncovering one key criterion of some successful actions in this regard. Through the communicative methodology, six women’s focus groups and 30 life stories were conducted. In total, this included 47 Roma women and 33 Roma men from three different Spanish regions, as well as interviews with 30 professionals from education, social services, and civic organizations. The results from the studied context present evidence of a main successful criterion in some social work practices: the inclusion of scientific evidence in the intervention with co-creation with the end-users through egalitarian dialogue. That is, in this context, through the use of scientific evidence together with the co-creation process, the results were very positive.
South Africa’s Energy Landscape Amidst the Crisis: Unpacking Energy Sources and Drivers with 2022 South African Census Data
Authors: Cheruiyot Koech , Lengaram Ezekiel , Siteleki Mncedisi
Published: January 2024

This paper examines patterns and drivers of energy choices for cooking and lighting in South Africa using the Statistics South Africa Census data at the district municipality (districts) level. Employing spatial and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis, the findings show that electricity is the main source of energy for cooking across South Africa. However, there is a large swathe of the country covering districts such as Vhembe and Mopani in Limpopo, eastern Mpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal, and northern Eastern Cape provinces where wood is the predominantly used energy type for cooking. There is almost uniform use of gas for cooking across the country. Electricity is the main energy source for lighting in South Africa. It is followed by candles, likely explained by loadshedding, and, surprisingly, solar energy a distant third. In terms of drivers, dwelling types play a statistically significant role in what energy type to use for cooking and lighting, albeit differently. In terms of lighting, formal dwelling is positively related to the choice of electricity and informal dwelling is related to the choice of electricity (negatively) and candles (positively) for lighting. The level of higher education, household size, and the dependency ratio have varied statistically significant roles in the choice of either energy type for cooking or lighting by formal, informal, and traditional dwellers. Relevant policy prescriptions that are needed to engender the country towards sustainable energy use, diversification of energy types from electricity produced from fossil fuels to other renewable energy sources such as solar, and reduction in over-dependency on the biomass energy sources such as paraffin and wood, especially in rural and poor districts, are proposed.
Sustainable Electrification—Advances and Challenges in Electrical-Distribution Networks: A Review
Authors: Gallegos Jimmy , Arévalo Paul , Montaleza Christian , Jurado Francisco
Published: January 2024

This paper provides a thorough exploration of the evolution and contemporary trends in electrical-distribution networks, with a focus on smart grids in the context of Industry 4.0. Beginning with the traditional components of electrical grids, the study highlights the transition towards sustainable energy sources and the integration of renewables. Key trends include economic operation, the application of distributed energy resources, and the significance of photovoltaic solar energy. The paper unfolds in seven sections, examining smart-electrical-network architecture, sustainable technology progression, energy efficiency, carbon-emission-reduction challenges, future perspectives, and concluding insights. Each section delves into specific layers and aspects, such as data management, electrical infrastructure, automation, and consumer interaction. The intricate role of smart meters and their impact on energy management is explored, providing a comprehensive overview of the current state and future directions of electrical-distribution networks.
An Exploratory Study of Early Immune Response Markers for Pembrolizumab in Urothelial Tract Cancer
Authors: Stormoen Dag Rune , Omland Lise Høj , Mouw Kent William , Szallasi Zoltan , Ostrowski Sisse Rye , Nielsen Susanne Dam , Pappot Helle
Published: January 2024

Background: This prospective pilot study explored the potential of the innate immune system’s response to cancer-related immuno-stimulants as a predictive biomarker for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI) effectiveness, using pembrolizumab-treated metastatic urothelial tract cancer (mUTC) patients as the study population. Methods: We included ten mUTC patients and assessed their innate immune responses before the first and second pembrolizumab cycles with the TruCulture® immunoassay. We also executed survival analysis and compared cytokine release. Results: R848-induced IFNα and HKCA-induced IL-10 values decreased in patients with disease progression (n = 7), while these values increased in non-progressing patients (n = 3), denoting a significant difference (p = 0.00192 and p = 0.00343, respectively). Further, an increased R848-induced IFNα response correlated with extended survival (log-rank p-value of 0.048). Conclusion: Our small study identified distinct immune response patterns following pembrolizumab’s first cycle in mUTC patients, hypothesizing the potential of an increased R848-induced IFNα response for improved survival outcomes. Further confirmatory studies are in progress.
Metagenomic Analysis of Viromes of Aedes Mosquitoes across India
Authors: Gangopadhayya Abhranil , Lole Kavita , Ghuge Onkar , Ramdasi Ashwini , Kamble Asmita , Roy Diya , Thakar Shivani , Nath Amol , Sudeep AB , Cherian Sarah
Published: January 2024

Metagenomic analysis of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes from diverse geographical regions of India revealed the presence of several insect viruses of human interest. Most abundant reads found in Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were of Phasi Charoen-like virus (PCLV), Choristoneura fumiferana granulovirus (CfGV), Cell fusing agent virus (CFAV), and Wenzhou sobemo-like virus 4 (WSLV4), whereas WSLV4 and CfGV constituted the highest percentage of reads in Ae. albopictus viromes. Other reads that were of low percentage included Hubei mosquito virus 2 (HMV2), Porcine astrovirus 4 (PAstV4), and Wild Boar astrovirus (WBAstV). PCLV and CFAV, which were found to be abundant in Ae. aegypti viromes were absent in Ae. albopictus viromes. Among the viromes analyzed, Ae. aegypti sampled from Pune showed the highest percentage (79.82%) of viral reads, while Ae. aegypti mosquitoes sampled from Dibrugarh showed the lowest percentage (3.47%). Shamonda orthobunyavirus (SHAV), African swine fever virus (ASFV), Aroa virus (AROAV), and Ilheus virus (ILHV), having the potential to infect vertebrates, including humans, were also detected in both mosquito species, albeit with low read numbers. Reads of gemykibivirus, avian retrovirus, bacteriophages, herpesviruses, and viruses infecting protozoans, algae, etc., were also detected in the mosquitoes. A high percentage of reads in the Ae. albopictus mosquito samples belonged to unclassified viruses and warrant further investigation. The data generated in the present work may not only lead to studies to explain the influence of these viruses on the replication and transmission of viruses of clinical importance but also to find applications as biocontrol agents against pathogenic viruses.
Coverage with the First Dose of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination among Females Aged 9–50 Years in Shenzhen, China: A Surveillance Based on Administrative Health Records in 2023
Authors: Lin Zian , Liang Xue , Su Lixian , Peng Weijun , Chen Hongbiao , Fang Yuan , Chen Siyu , Yang Weikang , Chen Wensheng , Zhang Lijun , Wang Zixin
Published: January 2024

China started to offer human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines to females aged 9–45 years in 2016. However, there was a lack of reports about HPV vaccination coverage in a representative sample of females in China. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the current HPV coverage and associated factors among females aged 9–50 years in Shenzhen, China, based on administrative health records kept by community health centers. A multistage random sampling approach was used. The research team randomly selected 18 community health centers in Shenzhen, and 3118 health records of females aged 9–50 years were then randomly selected from these health centers. Among all participants, 18.7% received at least one dose of HPV vaccination. The highest coverage was observed among females aged 18–26 years (23.4%), followed by those aged 27–35 years (22.0%) and 36–45 years (20.2%). Such coverage was very low among females aged 9–17 years (4.6%) and those aged 46–50 years (3.2%). Among females aged 18 years or above, higher education level, having a family doctor, and permanent residency in Shenzhen were associated with higher HPV vaccination coverage, while older age and being married/divorced were negatively associated with coverage. The HPV vaccination coverage in Shenzhen was 18.7% and there is a strong need for improvement.
Humoral Response and Safety after a Fourth Dose of the SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 Vaccine in Cancer Patients Undergoing Active Treatment—Results of a Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Citterio Chiara , Biasini Claudia , Di Nunzio Camilla , Lo Cascio Giuliana , Cavanna Luigi
Published: January 2024

Only a few studies have been carried out on the efficacy and safety of a fourth dose of the COVID-19 vaccine in patients with cancer. In this prospective observational study, we aimed to assess the serological response and safety of the fourth booster shot of the BNT162b2 vaccine in 79 cancer patients, vaccinated between 1 March and 25 August 2022, under systemic anticancer therapy. The primary endpoint was to assess the increase in the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies; secondary endpoints were the vaccine safety and side effects. Consequently, 40 patients (50.63%) revealed the maximum detection values in their IgG titers before the fourth dose of the vaccine, while 39 patients (49.37%) did not. Primary endpoint: Of 39 patients, 36 (92.31%) showed a significant increase in the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers, and 32 of them (82.05%) reached the maximum titration values. Secondary endpoints: The most common adverse events were mild in severity and included injection site pain, erythema and tiredness. The majority of the adverse reactions reported were grade 1 and no grade 3 and 4 reactions were detected. Our data provide evidence that a fourth dose of the BNT162b2 anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is effective and safe in patients with solid tumors in active anticancer treatment.
Exploring Perceptions and Practices Regarding Adult Vaccination against Seasonal Influenza, Tetanus, Pneumococcal Disease, Herpes Zoster and COVID-19: A Mixed-Methods Study in Greece
Authors: Avramidis Iordanis , Pagkozidis Ilias , Domeyer Philippe-Richard J. , Papazisis Georgios , Tirodimos Ilias , Dardavesis Theodoros , Tsimtsiou Zoi
Published: January 2024

We aimed to document vaccination coverage for five vaccines, predictors of each vaccine’s uptake and attitudes regarding adult vaccination. Adults visiting four pharmacies were randomly invited to participate during summer 2022. Among 395 participants (mean age 51.2 years, range 19–96), vaccination rates were 78.1% for influenza and 25.8% for herpes zoster (≥60 years old), 64.3% for pneumococcal disease (≥65 years old), 33.1% for tetanus, while 11.4% had received two and 74.8% ≥3 COVID-19 vaccine doses. Half of participants (50.1%) voiced some degree of hesitancy, and 1.3% were refusers. The strongest predictor of each vaccine’s uptake was doctor’s recommendation (OR range 11.33–37.66, p < 0.001) and pharmacist’s recommendation (4.01–19.52, p < 0.05), except for the COVID-19 vaccine, where the Attitude Towards Adult VACcination (ATAVAC) value of adult vaccination subscale’s score was the only predictor (OR: 5.75, p < 0.001). Regarding insufficient coverage, thematic content analysis revealed seven main themes. Insufficient knowledge, the absence of health professionals’ recommendation, perception of low susceptibility to disease, negligence and dispute of vaccine effectiveness were universal themes, whereas safety concerns and distrust in authorities were reported solely for COVID-19 vaccination. Designing public interventions aiming to increase trust in adult vaccination is essential in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. Health professionals’ role in recommending strongly adult vaccination is crucial.
A Study on the Evolution of Urban Underlying Surfaces and Extreme Rainfall in the Pearl River Delta
Authors: Xu Tianyin , Yang Zhiyong , Gao Xichao , Zhou Jinjun
Published: January 2024

Problems such as the expansion of impervious areas and changes in underlying surfaces have occurred in cities due to rapid urbanization, along with an increasing probability of extreme rainfall. Based on the normalized building index (NDBI) of underlying surfaces, calculated from remote sensing images in the Pearl River Delta from 1990 to 2020, this study determines the underlying surface changes in the Pearl River Delta. Based on the hourly rainfall data of meteorological stations in the Pearl River Delta region from 1990 to 2020, the extreme rainfall indexes are calculated to analyze the changes in extreme rainfall in the Pearl River Delta. Based on the NDBI of underlying surfaces and extreme rainfall calculated in the Pearl River Delta, the evolution of underlying surfaces and extreme rainfall is analyzed, as is the correlation between them, and the main conclusions are as follows: (1) From 1990 to 2020, the NDBI in highly urbanized areas in the Pearl River Delta was higher than that in non-highly urbanized areas. The NDBI in highly urbanized areas showed an increasing trend, and the growth rate tended to slow down; (2) From 1990 to 2020, extreme rainfall in highly urbanized areas of the Pearl River Delta was higher than in non-highly urbanized areas. Extreme rainfall in both highly urbanized areas and non-highly urbanized areas showed an increasing trend, with that in highly urbanized areas increasing faster; (3) The positive correlation between the NDBI and extreme rainfall indicators in highly urbanized areas is more significant than that in non-highly urbanized areas.
Study on the Basic Form of Reservoir Operation Rule Curves for Water Supply and Power Generation
Authors: Tang Rong , Zhang Jiabin , Wang Yuntao , Zhang Xiaoli
Published: January 2024

Reservoir operation rule curves are crucial for managing water supply and power generation in reservoirs. As the number of objectives and management requirements increase, there is a growing demand for optimized operation rule curves. The objective of this study is to explore the most effective forms of reservoir operation rule curves, focusing on the case of the Nierji Reservoir and considering the dual objectives of water supply and power generation. The parameter–simulation–optimization framework, specifically employing the NSGA-II algorithm, was used to analyze and compare two basic forms of operation rule curves: the shared type and independent type. The impact of these curves on water supply potential and multi-objective optimization results with various water demand scenarios was assessed. The analysis revealed that the choice of operation rule curve form can influence the maximum water supply potential of the reservoir to some extent. The independent type operation rule curve was significantly more effective in enhancing the water supply potential for industrial and domestic users, resulting in a notable increase of 3.5 × 108 m3. Additionally, it also proved beneficial for environmental users, with an increase of 1 × 108 m3. Conversely, the shared type operation rule curve demonstrated similar functionality to the independent type curve with fewer decision variables, particularly when the water demand was relatively low. In scenarios with high water demand, the independent type curve outperformed the shared type curve by generating 6549 superior, non-dominated solutions for multi-objective optimization, specifically focused on maximizing reservoir operation benefits. In conclusion, selecting the appropriate form of reservoir operation rule curve is crucial to balance different reservoir functional objectives and achieve optimal results. Further research could focus on quantifying the specific benefits and trade-offs associated with each type of curve in order to provide more robust evidence for the advantages of a complex reservoir system.
An Overview of the Progress made in Research on Odor Removal in Water Treatment Plants
Authors: Du Hongxia , Wang Zihan , Sun Yongjun , Shah Kinjal J.
Published: January 2024

Odor is one of the most intuitive indicators for assessing drinking water quality in waterworks. Removing odors is of great importance to improve the quality of tap water, ensure people’s health, and address public perception. The effective identification of odors in drinking water and the exploration of the source of the odor are the prerequisites for eliminating odors. Therefore, this article first discusses the sources and types of odors that are typical in current drinking water, focuses on reviewing the research progress of odor removal technologies in water treatment plants, including adsorption technology, chemical oxidation technology, biodegradation technology and combined technology, and explains the advantages, disadvantages, principles, research progress, practical application scenarios, considerations and application prospects of each odor-removal technology. It is expected to provide a reference for controlling odor pollution in drinking water.
A replenishment policy for deteriorating items with order size dependent replenishment cost and time dependent demand
Authors: Goyal Ankit Kumar
Published: January 2024

In this article a replenishment policy for deteriorating items over a finite time horizon where the demand increases exponentially with time has been discussed. This model is established with assumption that the successive replenishment cycle lengths are the same. This has been proved several times that an optimal replenishment schedule where the replenishment cost is constant in each cycle length over the finite time horizon. Here the replenishment cost per replenishment is taken to be linearly dependent on the order size of the replenishment. Shortages are allowed and are fully backlogged.
Artificial Humic Acid Mediated Carbon–Iron Coupling to Promote Carbon Sequestration
Authors: Lan Yibo , Gai Shuang , Cheng Kui , Liu Zhuqing , Antonietti Markus , Yang Fan
Published: January 2024

Fe (hydr)oxides have a substantial impact on the structure and stability of soil organic carbon (SOC) pools and also drive organic carbon turnover processes via reduction–oxidation reactions. Currently, many studies have paid much attention to organic matter–Fe mineral–microbial interactions on SOC turnover, while there is few research on how exogenous carbon addition abiotically regulates the intrinsic mechanisms of Fe-mediated organic carbon conversion. The study investigated the coupling process of artificial humic acid (A-HA) and Fe(hydr)oxide, the mechanism of inner-sphere ligands, and the capacity for carbon sequestration using transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and wet-chemical disposal. Furthermore, spherical aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy–electron energy loss spectroscopy and Mössbauer spectra have been carried out to demonstrate the spatial heterogeneity of A-HA/Fe (hydr)oxides and reveal the relationship between the increase in Fe-phase crystallinity and redox sensitivity and the accumulation of organic carbon. Additionally, the dynamics of soil structures on a microscale, distribution of carbon–iron microdomains, and the cementing-gluing effect can be observed in the constructing nonliving anthropogenic soils, confirming that the formation of stable aggregates is an effective approach to achieving organic carbon indirect protection. We propose that exogenous organic carbon inputs, specifically A-HA, could exert a substantial but hitherto unexplored effect on the geochemistry of iron–carbon turnover and sequestration in anoxic water/solid soils and sediments.
ПІДГОТОВКА МАЙБУТНІХ ПЕДАГОГІВ ДО ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ І ПРОВЕДЕННЯ ДОЗВІЛЛЄВОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ЯК АКТУАЛЬНА НАУКОВО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНА ПРОБЛЕМА
Authors: Друганова О. М. , Білик В. М. , Золотухіна С. Т.
Published: January 2024

У статті звернуто увагу на проблему підготовки майбутніх учителів до організації дозвіллєвих заходів. У сучасному суспільстві останнім часом підвищується увага до проведення вільного часу особливо учнівської молоді; активізується пошук інституцій, здатних задовольнити потреби у дозвіллі, а також збільшується попит на людей, здатних організувати дозвілля для дітей і дорослих.
Метою статті автори вбачають аналіз проблеми підготовки майбутніх учителів до організації культурно-дозвільної діяльності у процесі вивчення дисципліни «Провайдинг освітніх технологій» (Педагогіка дозвілля).
У статі досліджено стан наукової розробки проблеми, розкрито низку питань, які були порушені просвітниками, вченими в різні часи. Наголошено, що проблема підготовки фахівців із різних сфер – соціальної, педагогічної тощо до організації вільного часу дорослого населення, а особливо дітей та підлітків, завжди знаходилася в полі зору передової громадськості. Висвітлено досвід Харківського товариства поширення в народі грамотності, діяльність якого припадає на період кінця ХІХ – початку ХХ століття. Ця і подібні їй організації, ініціювали проведення з’їздів, конференцій, відкриття курсів з позашкільної освіти, брали безпосередню участь у створенні різних майданчиків і осередків для людей різного віку, у тому числі для дітей і юнацтва.
Задля вирішення поставлених завдань було використано такі методи дослідження, як: аналіз психологічної та педагогічної літератури з метою визначення поняття «дозвілля» у педагогіці; узагальнення набутого досвіду викладання, порівняння набутих результатів із висновками інших науковців, що надало змогу визначити авторський внесок у дослідження проблеми підготовки вчителів до організації дозвілля учнівської молоді.
Автори розкривають роль дисципліни педагогічного циклу (Педагогіка дозвілля) у формуванні у здобувачів першого (бакалаврського) рівня вищої освіти гнучких навичок: креативного мислення відповідно до проблематики дозвілля, ґенерування ідей щодо організації групових та масових дозвіллєвих заходів, лідерських якостей – розвинених комунікативних навичок, уміння спілкуватися та працювати в команді, брати на себе відповідальність за прийняте рішення тощо.

У дослідженні авторами презентовано досвід проведення лекційних і семінарських занять під час яких студенти знайомляться з основними поняттями педагогіки дозвілля, інститутами дозвіллєвої сфери, які мають достатньо розвинену структуру, як за кордоном, так і в Україні, з особливостями організації, етапами організації, планування й проведення заходів зі сфери дозвілля.
СОЦІАЛЬНО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНА ДОПОМОГА ДІТЯМ У 20-30-ТІ РР. ХХ СТОЛІТТЯ
Authors: Фазан В. В. , Штефан Л. А. , Кузнецова О. Ю.
Published: January 2024

У статті визначено та схарактеризовано напрями, зміст, форми і методи організації соціально-педагогічної допомоги дітям в Україні у 20-30-ті рр. ХХ століття. Наголошено, що постійні кризові явища та нестабільність тогочасного суспільства призвели до різкого зростання злочинності, бездоглядності, безробіття, проблем з фізичним і психічним розвитком у значної частини дитячого населення, масової хвороби, захоплення неповнолітніх бурлакуванням і жебракуванням.
Наголошено, що важливим документом у даному напрямі була «Декларація про соціальне виховання дітей» (1920 р.), яка проголошувала ідею захисту дитячого населення. Згідно з цією Декларацією необхідно було захищати права кожної дитини, яка перебуває в сім’ї та потребує певної соціальної допомоги. Ці чинники зумовлювали необхідність організації соціально-педагогічної діяльності з дітьми.
Установлено, що при організації соціально-педагогічної допомоги дітям у досліджуваний період використовувалися такі форми, як дитяче самоврядування й створення дитячих громадських об’єднань і здійснювалися діагностична, організаційна, координувальна та консультаційна функції. До головних напрямів соціально-педагогічної допомоги в 20-30-ті рр. ХХ століття належали: робота з сім’єю дитини; організації колективного виховання та педагогічного керівництва дозвіллєвою діяльністю дітей і деякі інші.
У статті також з’ясовано завдання соціально-педагогічної допомоги дітям, які передбачали: сприяння формуванню дитячого колективу; виявлення суспільної активності дитячого населення; забезпечення успішної взаємодії школи та родини; організацію дозвілля дітей; підготовку дітей до усвідомленого вибору майбутньої професії; сприяння їхній успішній соціалізації.
До провідних форм та методів соціально-педагогічної допомоги дітям у досліджуваний період належали: бесіда, розповідь, метод арттерапії, виконання педагогічних вимог, організація суспільно корисної діяльності, залучення дітей до здорового дитячого колективу, проведення індивідуальної роботи, роз’яснення, залучення до роботи в гуртках, переконання, доручення, вимога, приклад та деякі інші. З’ясовано, що з батьками проводились індивідуальні бесіди, надавалися консультації, організовувались лекції, семінари, проводились зустрічі з медичними працівниками тощо.
Pengaruh Structure Exercise Method (SEM) dalam Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa Kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 2 Sengkang
Authors: Ayunita Ayunita , Yunus Muh , Ramdani Ramdani
Published: January 2024

This study is quasi experiment research that aimed to know the effect of Structure Exercise Method (SEM) on Problem Based Learning (PBL) model toward student’s problem solving skill of class XI IPA SMA Negeri 2 Sengkang. The independent variable in this experiment was Structure Exercise Method (SEM) on Problem Based Learning (PBL) model and the dependent variable was student’s problem solving skill on reaction rate subject matter. The population was class XI IPA SMA Negeri 2 Sengkang consisted of 6 classes with 176 students. Taking technique of sample was random sampling. The sample of this research consisted of two classes, namely class XI IPA2 as a experiment class with 30 students and class XI IPA3 as a control class with 31 students. The data of the research were gathered by testing the students’ problem solving skill on reaction rate subject matter for posttest which were analyzed by using t-test. Results of inferential statistical analysis were tcalculated =2.74 higher than t(0,05;59)=1,67. Conclude that Structure Exercise Method (SEM) on Problem Based Learning (PBL) model gives effected toward student’s problem solving skill of class XI IPA SMA Negeri 2 Sengkang on reaction rate subject matter.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Penemuan Terhadap Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Peserta Disik Kelas X MIA SMA Negeri 3Lau Maros (Studi Pada Materi Pokok Larutan Elektrolit dan Nonelektrolit)
Authors: Fadhilah Nurshafa , Sudding Sudding , Muharram Muharram
Published: January 2024

The research was a quasi-experimental that aimed to know the effect ofdiscovery learning model toward student’s motivation and achievement of class X MIA SMA Negeri 3 Lau Maros. The independent variable in this experiment was discovery learning model and the dependent variable were student’s motivation and achievement on electrolyte and nonelectrolyte solution subject matter. The population was class X MIA SMA Negeri 3 Lau Maros consisted of 180 students. Taking technique of sample was simple random sampling. The sample of this research consisted of two classes, namely class X MIA3 as a experiment class with 30 students and class X MIA2 as a control class with 30 students. The data of the research were gathered by motivation questionnaire and achievement testelectrolyte and nonelectrolyte solution subject matter for post-test which were analyzedby using t-test. Results of inferential statisticalanalysis for learning motivation were tcalculated =2.59>t(0,05;58)=1,67 and achievement were tcalculated =2.43>t(0,05;58)=1,67. Conclude that discovery learning model gives effected toward student’s motivation and achievement of class X MIA SMA Negeri 3Lau Maros on electrolyte and nonelectrolyte solution subject matter.
Pengaruh Pemberian Kuis Awal Pertemuan Melalui Model Pembelajaran Pencapaian Konsep terhadap Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Liliriaja (Studi pada Materi Ikatan Kimia)
Authors: Latif Nova Wulandari , Muharram Muharram , Pratiwi Diana Eka
Published: January 2024

This study is a quasi-experimental research aimed to determine the effect of giving quiz in the beginning of each meeting through concept attainment learning toward the motivation and student achievement on class X SMAN 1 Liliriaja. The independent variable in this study is using quiz in the beginning of each meeting through the concept attainment learning on the experimental class and without quiz in control class, and the dependent variable is the motivation and students achievement on chemical bonding subject matter. The population was all of class X SMAN 1 Liliriaja which consists of 11 classes, and the sample consisted of two classes such as class X.1 as an experiment class with 35 students and X.2 as a control class with 35 students. The data was obtained by giving a statement motivation questioner consisting of 25 statements. Data were analyzed using a likert scale scoring and obtained by the students motivation in good category, then by using SPSS and found that the correlation between the variables has a significant correlation. Data were obtained by providing student achievement test on chemical bonding Data were obtained by providing students achievement test on chemical bonding subject matter in the form of post-test which consists of 20 items multiple choice. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Hypothesis testing is done by t-test products t(count) > t(table) = 4,873 > 1.67 at α ═ 0.05. T-test results prove that using quiz in the beginning of each meeting through concept attainment learning give positive effect on motivation and students achievement at class X SMA Negeri 1 Liliriaja studies on chemical bonding.
Pengaruh Permainan Teka-Teki Silang dalam Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD terhadap Minat dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas X SMAN 1 Larompong (Studi pada Materi Reaksi Reduksi Oksidasi)
Authors: Ulfah Nurlaili Dwi , Jusniar Jusniar , Putri Suriati Eka
Published: January 2024

This semi-experiment research aims to know the effect of the crossword game on models cooperative learning STAD type to the students learning interest and learning outcomes of the class X SMAN 1 Larompong. The independent variables in this research is the crossword game on models cooperative learning STAD type. The dependent variable are the students learning interest and learning outcomes. Research design is pretest-posttest control design. The population is all of class X SMAN 1 Larompong academic year 2015/2016 amounted to 228 students spread into 8 classes. Samples is class X3 as experimental class and X4 as control class obtained by simple random sampling technique. At the beginning and at the end of the lesson the students were given a questionnaire interest and achievement test on reduction-oxidation reactions. The descriptive analysis showed that average of students learning interest on experiment class was very high interpretation and average of students learning interest on control class was high interpretation. The mastering percentage of students learning outcomes on experiment class and control class are 86,67 % and 75,86 %. The different pretest and posttest was counted by using gain score for analysis of inferential statistic. Based on the analysis inferential statistic, obtained that tcount > ttable of  (0.05). It can be concluded that there are positive effect of the crossword game on models cooperative learning STAD type towards learning interest and learning outcomes of student on class X SMAN 1 Larompong.
Composite Materials of Epoxy Resin–W System for Radiation Shielding Against Gamma Radiation
Authors: Rotkovich A. A. , Tishkevich D. I. , German S. A. , Bondaruk A. A. , Leonchik S. V. , Dashkevich E. S. , Fedosyuk V. M. , Trukhanov A. V.
Published: January 2024

Сomposite materials based on the epoxy resin–W system with varying W content (0–80 %) were obtained using the method of chemical curing. Microstructural investigations of the samples showed that with increasing W content there is a more uniform distribution of grains in the epoxy resin matrix could be observed. Agglomeration of W grains is noted for samples with filler content up to 40 %. Statistical analysis of the grain size of the initial W powder revealed that the probable diameter of W grains is 475 nm. The values of effective and relative densities of the experimental samples were obtained using the Archimedes method. The effective density varied from 1.16 to 4.36 g/cm3 with W powder content rising. The relative density values received ranged from 91 to 94 %, indica ting that there were no significant defects in the samples. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the presence of vcc-W and WO2 phases, indicating the oxidation of W in the thin surface layer of the powder. Calculation in Phy-X/PSD software allowed to evaluate the gamma radiation shielding efficiency for the epoxy resin–W system composite materials in 0.8–2.5 MeV energy range. It was observed that samples with filler content of 60 and 80 % were the most suitable for radiation shielding. It was found that the addition of W powder to the epoxy matrix contributed to the reduction of half attenuation layer values by 3.5 times from 9.448 to 2.672 cm for samples with 0 and 80 % W content, respectively, for 1.25 MeV radiation energy. The obtained results demonstrate the high efficiency of the proposed composite materials for shielding gamma radiation, which makes them a perspective candidate for manufacturing radiation shields.
Adaptation of Dual Contouring and Marching Cubes Algorithms for 3D Reconstruction of the Human Lumbar Spine
Authors: Kurochka K. S. , Semenchenya T. S.
Published: January 2024

The article deals with the problem of three-dimensional reconstruction of the human lumbar spine using the Marching Cubes and Dual Contouring surface triangulation algorithms for subsequent planning of a surgical intervention based on the analysis of digital computed tomography images. 3D reconstructions of the human lumbar spine are presented, as well as the results of a comparative analysis of the developed methods according to the following criteria: mesh generation speed; the number of generated cells; the absence of conflict situations (intersections of the surface). The optimal algorithm for solving the problem is determined on the basis of a comparative analysis.