bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Poly‐Si Thin‐Film Transistors on Polyimide Substrate for 1 mm Diameter Rollable Active‐Matrix Organic Light‐Emitting Diode Display
Authors: Lee Suhui , Cho Young Joo , Han Byungju , Lee Jaeseob , Choi Sanggun , Kang Taewook , Chu Hye Yong , Kwag Jinoh , Kim Sung Chul , Jang Jin
Published: November 2021

Thin‐film transistor (TFT) backplanes on polyimide (PI) substrate are widely used for foldable active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AMOLED) display. The low‐temperature poly‐Si (LTPS) TFTs on PI substrate for AMOLED displays use the inorganic interlayer (ITL) of SiO2/SiNx deposited on the poly‐Si. Herein, a flexible ITL, very thin SiNx/organic PI layer stack, is introduced to improve both mechanical flexibility and environmental stability of LTPS TFT backplane on PI substrate. The electrical stabilities of LTPS TFT with various ITLs are studied such as positive bias temperature stress (PBTS) and negative bias temperature stress (NBTS). It is found that the LTPS TFTs are stable under PBTS and/or NBTS. However, the results on mechanical stability depend on the ITL used. The LTPS TFTs with hybrid ITL (SiNx/organic PI) and organic ITL(PI) are stable under mechanical stress because these TFTs have much less strain under mechanical bending because of the low Young's modulus of PI material. In addition, environmental stabilities of the LTPS TFTs with hybrid ITL is stable at 85 °C and 85% humidity in dark. Therefore, the LTPS TFTs with hybrid ITL are very suitable for rollable active matrix displays.
Reactivities of Interstitial Hydrides in a Cu11 Template: En Route to Bimetallic Clusters
Authors: Silalahi Rhone P. Brocha , Wang Qi , Liao Jian‐Hong , Chiu Tzu‐Hao , Wu Ying‐Yann , Wang Xiaoping , Kahlal Samia , Saillard Jean‐Yves , Liu C. W.
Published: November 2021

In sharp contrast to surface hydrides, reactivities of interstitial hydrides are difficult to explore. When treated with a metal ion (Cu+, Ag+, and Au+), the stable CuI dihydride template [Cu11H2{S2P(OiPr)2}6(C≡CPh)3] (H2Cu11) generates surprisingly three very different compounds, namely [CuH2Cu11{S2P(OiPr)2}6(C≡CPh)3]+ (1), [AgH2Cu14{S2P(OiPr)2}6((C≡CPh)6]+ (2), and [AuCu11{S2P(OiPr)2}6(C≡CPh)3Cl] (3). Compounds 1 and 2 are both MI species and maintain the same number of hydride ligands as their H2Cu11 precursor. Neutron diffraction revealed the first time a trigonal‐pyramidal hydride coordination mode in the AgCu3 environment of 2. 3 has no hydride and exhibits a mixed‐valent [AuCu11]10+ metal core, making it a two‐electron superatom.
Modularer zweistufiger Zugang zu π‐erweiterten Naphthyridin‐Systemen – potente Bausteine für die organische Elektronik
Authors: Stuck Fabian , Dietl Martin C. , Meißner Maximilian , Sebastian Finn , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank , Krämer Petra , Hashmi A. Stephen K.
Published: November 2021

Effiziente Ansätze für den Einbau von Stickstoff in polyaromatische Verbindungen (PAVs) als stabilisierende Komponente für π‐erweiterte Systeme und Modifizierungswerkzeug für optoelektronische Eigenschaften sind eine Herausforderung. Hier haben wir einen neuen, vielseitigen Weg zu Naphthyridin‐basierten PAVs als nicht‐symmetrisches und regioisomeres Pendant zu Pyrazin‐basierten PAVs entwickelt. Eine Kombination aus einer goldkatalysierten Synthese von 2‐Aminochinolinen und der Entwicklung einer In‐situ‐Desulfonierung und ‐Kondensation dieser Vorläuferstoffe sind die Schlüsselschritte. Die Form und die Art der angehängten funktionellen Gruppen der PAVs können in einem späten Synthesestadium durch Wahl des Anthranils und Rückgrats des im goldkatalysierten Schritt eingeführten Inamids bestimmt werden. Einkristall‐Röntgenbeugung und die Untersuchung der elektronischen Eigenschaften der Verbindungen zeigen den Einfluss der angebrachten Substituenten. Alle Naphthyridin‐basierten PAVs zeigen halochromes Verhalten, was ihre Verwendung als hochempfindliche Protonensensoren in nicht‐protischen Lösungsmitteln nahelegt.
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Using Ternary‐Metal‐Sulfide/TiO2 Heterojunction Photocatalysts
Authors: Liu Yuhao , Zheng Xinlong , Yang Yingjie , Li Jing , Liu Weifeng , Shen Yijun , Tian Xinlong
Published: November 2021

The development of efficient and stable photocatalysts is key to achieving highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Compared with photocatalysts containing only one type of semiconductor, heterojunction structure photocatalyst combining two or more semiconductors show altered band alignment at the interface, which promotes the separation of photogenerated carriers and inhibits carrier recombination. Thus, this kind of photocatalysts usually exhibit higher hydrogen evolution rates. To date, binary‐metal‐sulfide/titanium oxide (BMS/TiO2) heterojunction photocatalysts, such as CdS/TiO2, MoS2/TiO2, and ZnS/TiO2, have shown great promise for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Compared with BMS/TiO2, recently developed ternary‐metal‐sulfide/TiO2 (TMS/TiO2) photocatalysts have the advantages of low toxicity, a tunable band structure, and favorable chemical stability, enabling a higher photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate. In this review, TMS/TiO2 heterojunction photocatalysts are thoroughly summarized and the semiconductor properties of TMSs are firstly introduced. Afterwards, photocatalytic hydrogen evolution applications based on TMS/TiO2 heterojunction photocatalysts are reviewed and discussed in detail, mainly focusing on the heterojunction type, band structure, and photogenerated carrier separation and transport. Finally, our conclusions and the perspective based on the potential for the further improvement of TMS/TiO2 based photocatalysts are presented.
In Silico Prediction of Potential Drug Combinations for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by an Integrated Network and Transcriptome Analysis
Authors: Teng Dan , Gong Yuning , Wu Zengrui , Li Weihua , Tang Yun , Liu Guixia
Published: November 2021

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a heterogeneous disorder, so achieving the desired therapeutic efficacy through monotherapy is tricky. Drug combinations play a vital role in treating multiple complex diseases by providing increased efficacy and reduced toxicity. Here, we adopted a computational framework to discover potential drugs and drug pairs for T2DM. Firstly, we collected T2DM‐associated genes and constructed the disease module for T2DM. Then, by quantifying the proximity between drugs and the disease module, we found out potential drugs. Based on the drug‐induced gene expression profiles, we further performed Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) on these drugs and identified several potential candidates. In addition, through network‐based separation, potential drug combinations for T2DM were predicted. Results from this study could provide insights for anti‐T2DM drug discovery and rational drug use of existing agents. As a useful computational framework, our approach could also be applied in drug research for other complex diseases.
Growth and Etching of the Grain Boundaries in Polygonal Graphene Islands
Authors: Sun Haibin , Liang Shuangshuang , Zhang Xiuyun
Published: November 2021

The grain boundary is an intrinsic defect within mono‐ and multi‐layer polygonal graphene islands during the chemical vapor deposition growth process. It greatly influences their mechanical and electronic properties. However, the precise characterization and formation mechanism of grain boundaries still remain unclear. In this work, H2 etching experiments show that a polygonal etched hole originates from the natural location of a grain boundary beyond the nucleation site in polygonal monolayer graphene. Furthermore, colorful Raman mapping provides a visualized method to explore the distribution of grain boundaries in polygonal bilayer graphene. Therefore, a deep understanding of the growth kinetics of mono‐ and bi‐layer polygonal graphene was obtained through etching engineering combined with Raman spectroscopy.
Outpatient diuretic intensification as endpoint in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction trials: an analysis from TOPCAT
Authors: Ferreira João Pedro , Liu Jiankang , Claggett Brian L. , Vardeny Orly , Pitt Bertram , Pfeffer Marc A. , Solomon Scott D. , Zannad Faiez
Published: November 2021

Aims

Outpatient treatment for the worsening of signs and symptoms of heart failure (HF) is usually not incorporated in the main outcomes of HF trials. Patients with HF and a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) may experience frequent episodes of outpatient worsening HF. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency, prognostic impact, and the effect of spironolactone on outpatient diuretic intensification (ODI), among 1767 patients enrolled in TOPCAT‐Americas.

Methods and results

Time‐updated Cox models and win ratio analysis. ODI was defined by a post‐randomization loop diuretic dose increase or new initiation. The median follow‐up was 2.9 years. At baseline, 1362 (77%) patients were taking loop diuretics. During the follow‐up, 685 (38.8%) patients experienced ODI, which was associated with a higher risk of subsequent cardiovascular events and death [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for HF hospitalization or cardiovascular death 1.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.36–2.04; HR for cardiovascular death 2.17, 95% CI 1.64–2.87); and HR for all‐cause mortality 1.75, 95% CI 1.41–2.16] (p < 0.001 for all outcomes). Adding ODI to the composite of HF hospitalization or cardiovascular death increased the event rate by three‐fold in the placebo group (from 10.4 to 29.9 events per 100 person‐years). Spironolactone treatment led to a 26% relative reduction of the extended composite of ODI or HF hospitalization or cardiovascular death (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.65–0.85; p < 0.001) compared with a 16% relative reduction of HF hospitalization or cardiovascular death (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.70–0.99; p = 0.044). Using win ratio provided similar estimates.

Conclusion

In HFpEF, ODI was frequent and independently associated with subsequent cardiovascular events. Spironolactone significantly reduced an extended composite outcome incorporating ODI.
Aminoferrocene‐Based Anticancer Prodrugs Labelled with Cyanine Dyes for in vivo Imaging
Authors: Gizem Özkan Hülya , Toms Johannes , Maschauer Simone , Prante Olaf , Mokhir Andriy
Published: November 2021

N‐alkylaminoferrocene‐based (NAAF) prodrugs are activated in the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS), based on which these prodrugs target cancer cells (high ROS) and do not affect normal cells (low ROS). To gain some insights into their mode of action in vivo, we have investigated the biodistribution of 18F‐labelled NAAF prodrugs in tumor‐bearing mice by positron emission tomography (PET). Due to the short half‐life of 18F, the experimental time frame was restricted to 60 min. To extend the observation window, a more stable marker is required. In this paper, we report on conjugates of NAAF prodrugs with two cyanine dyes Cy5 and Cy7 including details of their synthesis, characterization and basic properties in cell free settings and their cellular uptake in representative human cancer cells. Finally, the Cy5 conjugate was subjected to in vivo fluorescence imaging studies to determine the prodrug biodistribution over 24 h.
Effect of electrolyte parameters on the discharge characteristics of planar zinc‐air flow battery with polymer gel electrolyte as separator
Authors: Sankaralingam Ram Kishore , Seshadri Satyanarayanan , Sunarso Jaka , Bhatt Anand I. , Kapoor Ajay
Published: November 2021

Metal‐air batteries are emerging as a preferable choice among different battery technologies explored as an alternative to existing lithium‐ion batteries. These batteries can outperform the current lithium batteries in terms of specific energy, energy cost, and ability for alternative metal choice. Metal‐air flow batteries are being investigated in place of conventional metal‐air batteries to reduce metal passivation and dendrite formation which are considered to be the major limitations in conventional metal‐air batteries. For emerging battery chemistry, a parametric study is necessary to identify the batteries performance variations to identify the optimal technology design. As far as flow batteries are concerned, electrolyte parameters play a notable role in the performance. In this study, we investigate the influence of electrolyte parameters namely, electrolyte flow rate, electrolyte volume (volume stored in the container), and electrolyte concentration to understand the effect of each parameter on the nominal voltage of a planar zinc‐air flow battery utilising a polymer gel electrolyte separator. We followed a 2n factorial design approach to determine the percentage contribution of each parameter. From this experimental study, we found the percentage contribution of electrolyte concentration to be most significant and the percentage contribution of electrolyte flow rate as reasonably significant. The percentage contribution of electrolyte volume appeared least significant among the chosen parameters. This study will help researchers to perceive the influence of electrolyte parameters on the performance of zinc‐air flow batteries.
Moisture Adsorption potentials and energy models of Gongronema latifolium leaves dried in separate environments
Authors: Ojike Onyekwere , Uzodinma Eunice Osinachi , Ali Euphemia Ogochukwu , Nweze Blessing C. , Okoyeuzu Chigozie F. , Eze Chinwendu R.
Published: November 2021

Moisture adsorption isotherm potentials and energy models of Gongronema latifolium leaf grits were investigated. Fresh leaves were dried in sun; passive solar dryer and hot air oven, while proximate composition of the dried and fresh leaves were determined using standard laboratory procedure. Equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of the leaf grits was measured using gravimetric static method. Selected mathematical and statistical models were applied on the experimental data to evaluate data fitting. Energy calculations were done based on the mathematical models. The EMCs of the leaf grits directly increased with water activity (aW) at specific temperatures. Adsorption data was better represented by GAB model than others while differential enthalpy decreased as the EMC of the oven sample increased. Differential entropy of all the samples decreased as the EMC increased. The safest monolayer moisture content varied between 7.1036 and 8.0164 gH2O/100 g solid, below 40°C, within relative humidity of 10%–50%. Sun and oven leaf grits adsorbed more moisture than solar sample. Proximate contents of the dried leaves showed higher values for protein and ash. Overall results indicated that the leaf grits when properly packaged could be used as spice or tea powder to manage household nutrient security in addition to the use as therapeutic foods.
Dynamic analysis of carbon dioxide desorption with 2‐amino‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanol and piperazine blends
Authors: Zanone Armando , Salvagnini Wilson Miguel , de Paiva José Luis
Published: November 2021

In this study, the dynamic behavior of CO2 desorption in an aqueous blend of 2‐amino‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanol (AMP) and piperazine (PZ) was investigated. Solvent desorption, an important method used to capture CO2 by absorption into amines, was carried out in a laboratory column with a film promoter and monitored online by infrared spectroscopy. A PLS model was used to quantify the free amines, carbonated species, and total absorbed CO2 in all its chemical forms present in the liquid phase. The desorption was performed at atmospheric pressure and temperatures of 323, 333, and 343 K with blend solutions of 30/0, 25/5, 20/10, and 0/15 wt.% AMP/PZ. The liquid mass transfer coefficient (kL) decreased with higher CO2 loadings and was not significantly affected by temperature. AMP enhanced the liquid mass transfer coefficient of the PZ solvents, and the highest kL occurred at the higher PZ blend concentrations. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mooreocrinus liaoi sp. nov. (Crinoidea, Echinodermata) from the Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous) Outangdi Formation in Zhejiang, South China Block
Authors: Mao Yingyan , Liu Yuandong , Li Qijian , Li Yue , Zhang Jianfang , Kershaw Stephen
Published: November 2021

A new crinoid species of the Order Cladida, Mooreocrinus liaoi Mao and Li sp. nov., is described from the Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous) Outangdi Formation in Jiangshan, Zhejiang Province, representing the first record of Mooreocrinus Wright and Strimple, 1945 in China. The presence of Mooreocrinus in the South China Block extends the palaeogeographical record of this genus and indicates it to be a cosmopolitan taxon. Three other ancient tectonically separated areas that are now combined into the modern China mass (Sibumasu, Junggar, North China) do not contain any record of Mooreocrinus. Overall, there is low biodiversity of the Late Palaeozoic crinoid faunas in the South China Block. Our new materials provide further evidence for diversity assessment of crinoid faunas in peri‐Gondwana blocks.
Accurate classification of nodules and non‐nodules from computed tomography images based on radiomics and machine learning algorithms
Authors: Zhang Xiaofang , Zhang Bin , Liu Xiaomin , Dong Jie , Zhao Shujun , Li Suxiao
Published: November 2021

Accurate classification of lung nodules can lead to a more favorable diagnosis and treatment for lung cancer. In this study, an accurate classification of nodules and non‐nodules based on radiomics and machine learning algorithms has been presented. We validate our method on 4999 nodule candidates and use accuracy, recall, precision, f1‐score, and the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) as evaluation metrics. Experimental results manifest that for most classifiers, recursive feature elimination (RFE) has higher AUC values than chi‐square test and principal component analysis, selecting 15 features is better in AUC than 10 features and 20 features and the ratio between training data set and testing data set of 9:1 has the best predictive performance. When the feature selection method is RFE, the number of features is 15 and the ratio is 9:1, random forest has the highest AUC value (0.9536), accuracy (0.9580), recall (0.9893), precision (0.9392), and f1‐score (0.9636).
Effects of a protein‐restricted diet on body weight and serum tyrosine concentrations in patients with alkaptonuria
Authors: Olsson Birgitta , Ranganath Lakshminarayan , Arnoux Jean‐Baptiste , Imrich Richard , Milan Anna , Rudebeck Mattias
Published: November 2021

In an open‐label, controlled study of nitisinone in alkaptonuria (SONIA 2), patients were advised to lower dietary protein intake to reduce serum tyrosine (s‐Tyr) levels and the risk of keratopathy. A body weight increase was observed in the nitisinone‐treated patients but not in the control group. To investigate the effectiveness and consequence of protein restriction in patients with alkaptonuria, a post‐hoc analysis of SONIA 2 was performed. One hundred and thirty‐eight patients were randomised (nitisinone: n = 69, controls: n = 69). Comparison of baseline and Month 12 data on 24‐h urinary excretion of HGA (u‐HGA24) and urea (u‐urea24, used as an approximate protein intake measure), tyrosine and body weight were performed using paired t tests. Comparisons of data between groups were made using 2‐sample t tests. We found that u‐urea24 decreased more in nitisinone‐treated than controls. The study centre with lowest average s‐Tyr and u‐urea24 (nitisinone arm) at Month 12 also had lowest keratopathy incidence (3.1%), while the centre with highest values showed the highest (14.6%). S‐Tyr was generally high in those with keratopathy, but those without keratopathy had similar elevated values. A similar pattern across centres was seen for body weight changes, with a statistically significant weight increase in nitisinone‐treated patients at centres with lower u‐urea24 values. Therefore, in nitisinone‐treated patients, protein restriction led to increased body weight but may also have lowered the risk of developing keratopathies. If introduced, a protein‐restricted diet should be supervised by a dietician and, when appropriate, include amino acid supplements deficient in tyrosine and phenylalanine, to avoid malnutrition and undesired weight increase.
Changing predominant SARS‐CoV‐2 lineages drives successive COVID‐19 waves in Malaysia, February 2020 to March 2021
Authors: Sam I‐Ching , Chong Yoong Min , Abdullah Azwani , Fu Jolene Yin Ling , Hasan M. Shahnaz , Jamaluddin Fadhil Hadi , Kamarulzaman Adeeba , Lim Koo Koon , Mohd Nor Mohd Afiq , Pang Yong Kek , Ponnampalavanar Sasheela , Shahib Muhammad Fadzil , Syed Omar Sharifah Faridah , Chan Jonathan Chia Jui , Perera David , Chan Yoke Fun
Published: November 2021

Malaysia has experienced three waves of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) as of March 31, 2021. We studied the associated molecular epidemiology and SARS‐CoV‐2 seroprevalence during the third wave. We obtained 60 whole‐genome SARS‐CoV‐2 sequences between October 2020 and January 2021 in Kuala Lumpur/Selangor and analyzed 989 available Malaysian sequences. We tested 653 residual serum samples collected between December 2020 to April 2021 for anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 total antibodies, as a proxy for population immunity. The first wave (January 2020) comprised sporadic imported cases from China of early Pango lineages A and B. The second wave (March–June 2020) was associated with lineage B.6. The ongoing third wave (from September 2020) was propagated by a state election in Sabah. It is due to lineage B.1.524 viruses containing spike mutations D614G and A701V. Lineages B.1.459, B.1.470, and B.1.466.2 were likely imported from the region and confined to Sarawak state. Direct age‐standardized seroprevalence in Kuala Lumpur/Selangor was 3.0%. The second and third waves were driven by super‐spreading events and different circulating lineages. Malaysia is highly susceptible to further waves, especially as alpha (B.1.1.7) and beta (B.1.351) variants of concern were first detected in December 2020/January 2021. Increased genomic surveillance is critical.
At the mercy of the winds: The seasonal dynamics of floating and stranded seaweeds at mid‐latitudes
Authors: Rothäusler Eva , Hinojosa Iván A. , Moraga Julio , Pizarro‐Koch Matias , Ramos Marcel , Thiel Martin
Published: November 2021

Many seaweed species are particularly important for passive marine dispersal, yet relatively little is known about their floating and stranding dynamics. Here, we studied these dynamics for two kelp species over four consecutive years at mid‐latitudes (30°S). Floating kelps were found during all seasons, but Macrocystis pyrifera was always more abundant than Durvillaea incurvata. Highest floating biomasses were reached during summer and fall, whereas considerable stranded biomasses on nearby shores were only observed during summer. The proportion of fragments among the floating kelps was high throughout the entire study period and highest for M. pyrifera during summer. At the same time, blades of M. pyrifera that floated in nearshore waters in summer had a high blade index and thus were intact (i.e., not yet compromised by unfavorable environmental conditions). These results suggest that during summer, floating kelps become quickly resupplied from benthic sources, which compensates their frequent losses due to degradation and stranding. During fall, biomasses of floating kelps remain high because of reduced losses. Interestingly, increased wind speed was a good predictor for the biomass accumulations of the two kelp species, although the floating biomass of M. pyrifera was additionally influenced by oceanographic fronts. Our findings suggest that at mid‐latitudes the dynamics of floating seaweed stocks are dependent on the availability of benthic source populations (continuous throughout the year) and export due to degradation (high in summer/fall) and stranding (high in summer).
Influence of satiation on consumer behavior in hospitality
Authors: Becerril‐Castrillejo Ismael , Muñoz‐Gallego Pablo Antonio
Published: November 2021

This study aims to contrast the nonlinear moderating effect of satiation—an emotional variable with proven influence over different consumer behaviors—on consumers' willingness to pay (WTP). With a longitudinal survey, the authors measured WTP across two stays for the same type and category of tourist accommodation. The results indicate that satiation exerts a U‐shaped moderating effect on the relationship between WTP across two repeat purchases of hedonic use service. Further, satiated customers are willing to pay up to 11.2% less than their previous stay, which contributes to satiation, hospitality, and hotel pricing literature.
Are companies financially superior more willing to comply with social obligations? A perspective based on the heterogeneity of the listed pharmaceutical enterprises in China
Authors: Wan Anxia , Huang Qianqian , Zhao Yinyin , Peng Benhong
Published: November 2021

Reports of social responsibilities of listed pharmaceutical enterprises in China from 2014 to 2018 were selected as examples to analyze the impact of financial performance on CSR undertaken by listed pharmaceutical enterprises under the background of enterprise heterogeneity. For enterprises that display homogeneity, listed pharmaceutical enterprises richer in money have a nonlinear relationship compared against social responsibilities; in contrast, for enterprise proprietorship demonstrating heterogeneity, state‐owned listed pharmaceutical enterprises (SOEs) better in financial performance are more willing to undertake CSR, while among non‐state‐owned companies (non‐SOEs), financial performance shows an inverted “U” nonlinear relationship with CSR.
Mainstreaming the Environment: Exploring pathways and narratives to improve policy and decision‐making
Authors: Scott Alister , Holtby Rachel , East Holly , Lannin Aisling
Published: November 2021

Mainstreaming is an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary endeavour of normalising an idea from one policy domain into the decision‐making and routine activities of other policy domains necessary for effective delivery over the long term.

The desire to mainstream springs from an increasing acceptance of the need for interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches to tackle key societal challenges such as climate change and biodiversity decline. Here, traditional policy and disciplinary silos are broken down to pursue and deliver more holistic interventions.

This paper offers an additionality perspective to mainstreaming based on four questions. What is mainstreaming and what additionality does it offer for environmental policy and practice? What theoretical insights emerge from the mainstreaming and associated literatures? How can mainstreaming processes and outcomes be conceptualised and assessed? How can we improve future environmental mainstreaming pathways?

Building from literatures focussed on mainstreaming and policy integration, we construct a framework and supporting narrative focussing on the lifecycle dynamics of mainstreaming pathways; a significant research gap. Their nonlinear progress is captured using theoretical adaptations of diffusion of innovation and sustainability, moving from initial innovation through to persuasion and to acceptance pathways, with progress dependent on the interplay and impacts of hooks and barriers and the degree of collaboration and system change pursued.

Our narrative is further illuminated using natural capital and ecosystem services which reveal that while some progress has been made primarily through weaker mainstreaming pathways, current efforts are still focussed on ‘persuading’ stakeholders of the environment's value, rather than on initial framing and governance arrangements to maximise future impact.

We conclude that the framing and development of natural capital and ecosystem services primarily in the environment and economic sectors has limited mainstreaming activity to wider audiences due to the lack of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches being pursued from the outset, including a more publicly and professionally accessible vocabulary and collaborative governance and decision‐making structures.

We contend that our lifecycle narrative, with a focus on multiple pathways, hooks, barriers and collaboration makes a useful contribution to understanding mainstreaming dynamics and characteristics from which improved interventions can be developed.
Redefining climate change maladaptation using a values‐based approach in forests
Authors: Findlater Kieran , Hagerman Shannon , Kozak Robert , Gukova Veronika
Published: November 2021

Climate change adaptation can have unexpected and detrimental effects, typically conceptualized as maladaptation and narrowly defined in relation to climatic hazards and climate vulnerability. We revisit this narrow framing of maladaptation using a deliberative risk analysis method in 16 focus groups across British Columbia, Canada, where forests are crucial to social, economic and environmental well‐being.

By analysing emergent logics of support and opposition around genomics‐based assisted migration as an adaptation strategy in forests, we identify four sources of potential maladaptation in this context: technical failure, opportunity cost, path dependence and the too‐narrow framing of adaptation.

Combined, these suggest that maladaptation is also too narrowly conceptualized, reflecting an obsolete definition of adaptation as rational adjustment to climatic hazards. Rather than being a failure of adaptation, per se, we argue that maladaptation comprises climate‐adaptive policies or actions that, in a broader frame, threaten the very values that decision‐makers ostensibly seek to protect and enhance.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Evaluation of the inhibition effect of novel cyclohepta[b]pyridine derivatives for copper corrosion and theoretical calculations
Authors: Fathi Ahlam M. , Anouar El Hassane , Soliman Hanan A. , Shamroukh Ahmed H. , Kotb Eman R. , Hegab Mohamed I.
Published: November 2021

The inhibiting effect of three prepared derivatives of 4‐(4‐Hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)‐6,7,8,9‐tetrahydro‐5H‐cyclohepta[b]pyridine on the corrosion of copper in 0.6 M NaCl (3.5%) were investigated by different electrochemical techniques and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The electrochemical results indicated that the inhibition efficiency increased with the increase of the inhibitors concentrations till a certain concentration then nearly became constant. 4‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)‐2‐mercapto‐6,7,8,9‐tetrahydro‐5H‐cyclohepta[b]pyridine‐3‐carbonitrile (C2) represented the best inhibition efficiency of 98.4% at 50 ppm. The polarization measurements revealed that the studied compounds C1‐C3 acted as mixed inhibitors. The adsorption of 2‐hydroxy‐4‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)‐6,7,8,9‐tetrahydro‐5H‐cyclohepta[b]pyridine‐3‐carbonitrile (C1) on the copper surface obeyed Freundlich isotherm while the other two inhibitors obeyed Langmuir isotherm. Relatively, a good correlation was obtained between the observed inhibition efficiencies from one side, and the electronic and molecular descriptors from another side.
ELF3 Mediates IL-1α Induced Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Inflammatory iCAFs
Authors: Tran Linda L. , Dang Truong , Thomas Rintu , Rowley David R.
Published: November 2021

Stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment regulate the immune landscape and tumor progression. Yet, the ontogeny and heterogeneity of reactive stromal cells within tumors is not well understood. Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts exhibiting an inflammatory phenotype (iCAFs) have been identified within multiple cancers; however, mechanisms that lead to their recruitment and differentiation also remain undefined. Targeting these mechanisms therapeutically may be important in managing cancer progression. Here, we identify the ELF3 transcription factor as the canonical mediator of IL-1α-induced differentiation of prostate mesenchymal stem cells to an iCAF phenotype, typical of the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, IL-1α-induced iCAFs were subsequently refractive to TGF-β1 induced trans-differentiation to a myofibroblast phenotype (myCAF), another key carcinoma-associated fibroblast subtype typical of reactive stroma in cancer. Restricted trans-differentiation was associated with phosphorylation of the YAP protein, indicating that interplay between ELF3 action and activation of the Hippo pathway are critical for restricting trans-differentiation of iCAFs. Together, these data show that the IL-1α/ELF3/YAP pathways are coordinate for regulating inflammatory carcinoma-associated fibroblast differentiation.
A comparative study on the differential axial shortening in high‐rise buildings
Authors: Ruiz Rafael , Todisco Leonardo , Pazos Alfredo , Corres Hugo
Published: November 2021

Differential axial shortening (DAS) between columns and core, due to time‐dependent phenomena and elastic deformation, is a very important aspect to be considered in the design of concrete high‐rise buildings. This research compares the DAS of 250‐ and 500‐m‐tall buildings considering different materials for the columns and core. In fact, a parametric study is performed to evaluate the effects on DAS when using composite, reinforced concrete (RC), or high‐performance concrete (HPC) columns, such as an RC or lightweight aggregate RC (LWARC) core. A finite element commercial software has been validated and then employed to estimate the DAS. All studied cases are defined on the basis of the Cristal Tower, located in Madrid, to provide reliable estimates of DAS. Results illustrate that columns made of HPC present lower DAS at infinite time and required diameters similar to the composite solution. Furthermore, an LWARC core shows higher axial shortenings compared to the RC alternative. For these reasons, the combination of HPC columns with the LWARC core is presented as a promising solution to reduce the effects of DAS in tall buildings.
Dynamic Time Wrapper Based Local Predictor for Wind Speed Prediction
Authors: Jiang Jiang , He Chaoxun , Yang Qiuyong
Published: November 2021

The quality of training sample is an important factor for wind speed prediction using data‐driven approaches, such as deep learning. This paper proposes a novel local predictor based on dynamic time wrapper (DTW) as training sample adaptation for wind speed prediction. After analyzing the similarity of wind speed time series using dynamic time wrapper, a local predictor is applied to improve the quality of training sample. An evaluation index is firstly proposed for estimating the quality of selected training sample. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, a random forest model with local predictor based on dynamic time warping (RF‐DTWLP) is applied to predict the wind speed. The simulation results demonstrate the prediction of wind speed by local predictor based on DTW has higher prediction accuracy. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Lipin-1-derived diacylglycerol activates intracellular TRPC3 which is critical for inflammatory signaling
Authors: Casas Javier , Meana Clara , López-López José Ramón , Balsinde Jesús , Balboa María A.
Published: November 2021

Exposure to Gram-negative bacterial LPS exacerbates host immune responses and may lead to sepsis, a life-threatening condition. Despite its high mortality and morbidity, no drugs specifically directed to treating sepsis are currently available. Using human cell genetic depletion, pharmacological inhibition, live-cell microscopy and organelle-targeted molecular sensors we present evidence that the channel TRPC3 is activated intracellularly during macrophage exposure to LPS and is essential for Ca2+ release from internal stores. In this manner, TRPC3 participates in cytosolic Ca2+ elevations, activation of the transcription factor NF-κB and cytokine upregulation. We also report that TRPC3 is activated by diacylglycerol generated by the phosphatidic acid phosphatase lipin-1. In accord with this, lipin-1-deficient cells exhibit reduced Ca2+ responses to LPS challenge. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of TRPC3 reduces systemic inflammation induced by LPS in mice. Collectively, our study unveils a central component of LPS-triggered Ca2+ signaling that involves intracellular sensing of lipin-1-derived DAG by TRPC3, and opens new opportunities for the development of strategies to treat LPS-driven inflammation.
Recurrent Colorectal Liver Metastases in the Liver Remnant After Major Liver Surgery—IRE as a Salvage Local Treatment When Resection and Thermal Ablation are Unsuitable
Authors: Hitpass Lea , Distelmaier Martina , Neumann Ulf P. , Schöning Wenzel , Isfort Peter , Keil Sebastian , Kuhl Christiane K. , Bruners Philipp , Barabasch Alexandra
Published: November 2021

Purpose

To examine the safety and short-term oncologic outcomes of computer-tomography-guided (CT-guided) irreversible electroporation (IRE) of recurrent, irresectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) after major hepatectomy deemed unsuitable for thermal ablation.

Patients and Methods

Twenty-three patients undergoing CT-guided IRE of recurrent CRLM after major hepatectomy were included in this study. All tumors were located adjacent to sole remaining intrahepatic blood vessels and bile ducts, precluding thermal ablation. Patients underwent systematic clinical and imaging follow-up, including magnetic resonance imaging of the liver at 1-month and 3-month intervals thereafter. Time to local and intrahepatic tumor progression within 12 and 36 months and associated risk factors were assessed using Kaplan Meier and Cox regression analysis, respectively.

Results

Complete ablation with a safety margin of at least 0.5 cm was achieved in 22/23 (95.6%) patients. No vessel injury or thrombosis occurred. Five patients developed moderate biliary stenosis after a median of 4 weeks, without requiring treatment. Local tumor-progression-free rates within 12/36 months were 64%/57.4%, respectively. Intrahepatic-progression-free rate within 12/36 months was 36.4%/19.5%, respectively. Five (23%) patients were tumor-free at the end of follow-up. Multivariate Cox regression analysis did not show any association between local tumor-progression-free rates and patient age, target tumor size, primary tumor side or synchronicity of liver metastases.

Conclusion

In this highly selected patient population with local recurrences of CRLM after major surgery, IRE was shown to be a safe salvage treatment option when thermal ablation is unsuitable.
Association of monocyte HLA-DR expression over time with secondary infection in critically ill children: a prospective observational study
Authors: Hagedoorn Nienke N. , Kolukirik Pinar , Nagtzaam Nicole M. A. , Nieboer Daan , Verbruggen Sascha , Joosten Koen F. , Moll Henriette , Driessen Gertjan , Dik Willem A. , Vermont Clementien
Published: November 2021

An impaired immune response could play a role in the acquisition of secondary infections in critically ill children. Human leukocyte antigen-DR expression on monocytes (mHLA-DR) has been proposed as marker to detect immunosuppression, but its potential to predict secondary infections in critically ill children is unclear. We aimed to assess the association between mHLA-DR expression at several timepoints and the change of mHLA-DR expression over time with the acquisition of secondary infections in critically ill children. In this prospective observational study, children < 18 years with fever and/or suspected infection (community-acquired or hospital-acquired) were included at a paediatric intensive care unit in the Netherlands. mHLA-DR expression was determined by flow cytometry on day 1, day 2–3 and day 4–7. The association between delta-mHLA-DR expression (difference between last and first measurement) and secondary infection was assessed by multivariable regression analysis, adjusted for age and Paediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 score. We included 104 patients at the PICU (median age 1.2 years [IQR 0.3–4.2]), of whom 28 patients (27%) developed a secondary infection. Compared to 93 healthy controls, mHLA-DR expression of critically ill children was significantly lower at all timepoints. mHLA-DR expression did not differ at any of the time points between patients with and without secondary infection. In addition, delta-mHLA-DR expression was not associated with secondary infection (aOR 1.00 [95% CI 0.96–1.04]).

Conclusions: Our results confirm that infectious critically ill children have significantly lower mHLA-DR expression than controls. mHLA-DR expression was not associated with the acquisition of secondary infections.

What is Known:• An impaired immune response, estimated by mHLA-DR expression, could play an essential role in the acquisition of secondary infections in critically ill children.• In critically ill children, large studies on the association of mHLA-DR expression with secondary infections are scarce.

What is New:• Our study confirms that critically ill children have lower mHLA-DR expression than healthy controls.• mHLA-DR expression and change in mHLA-DR was not associated with the acquisition of secondary infection.
The sympathies of the body: functional organization and neuronal differentiation in the peripheral sympathetic nervous system
Authors: Ernsberger Uwe , Deller Thomas , Rohrer Hermann
Published: November 2021

During the last 30 years, our understanding of the development and diversification of postganglionic sympathetic neurons has dramatically increased. In parallel, the list of target structures has been critically extended from the cardiovascular system and selected glandular structures to metabolically relevant tissues such as white and brown adipose tissue, lymphoid tissues, bone, and bone marrow. A critical question now emerges for the integration of the diverse sympathetic neuron classes into neural circuits specific for these different target tissues to achieve the homeostatic regulation of the physiological ends affected.
Effects of individualized positive end-expiratory pressure combined with recruitment maneuver on intraoperative ventilation during abdominal surgery: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Li Xiang , Ni Zhi-Lin , Wang Jun , Liu Xiu-Cheng , Guan Hui-Lian , Dai Ming-Sheng , Gao Xing , Zhou Yang , Hu Xiao-Yi , Sun Xun , Zhou Jian , Zhao Qiu , Zhang Qian-Qian , Liu He , Han Yuan , Cao Jun-Li
Published: November 2021

Low tidal volume ventilation strategy may lead to atelectasis without proper positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and recruitment maneuver (RM) settings. RM followed by individualized PEEP was a new method to optimize the intraoperative pulmonary function. We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials to compare the effects of individualized PEEP + RM on intraoperative pulmonary function and hemodynamic with other PEEP and RM settings. The primary outcomes were intraoperative oxygenation index and dynamic compliance, while the secondary outcomes were intraoperative heart rate and mean arterial pressure. In total, we identified 15 clinical trials containing 36 randomized groups with 3634 participants. Ventilation strategies were divided into eight groups by four PEEP (L: low, M: moderate, H: high, and I: individualized) and two RM (yes or no) settings. The main results showed that IPEEP + RM group was superior to all other groups regarding to both oxygenation index and dynamic compliance. LPEEP group was inferior to LPEEP + RM, MPEEP, MPEEP + RM, and IPEEP + RM in terms of oxygenation index and LPEEP + RM, MPEEP, MPEEP + RM, HPEEP + RM, IPEEP, and IPEEP + RM in terms of dynamic compliance. All comparisons were similar for secondary outcomes. Our analysis suggested that individualized PEEP and RM may be the optimal low tidal volume ventilation strategy at present, while low PEEP without RM is not suggested.
A geometrically nonlinear shear deformable beam model for piezoelectric energy harvesters
Authors: Shang Lan , Hoareau Christophe , Zilian Andreas
Published: November 2021

An electromechanical model for beam-like piezoelectric energy harvesters based on Reissner’s beam theory is developed in this paper. The proposed model captures first-order shear deformation and large displacement/rotation, which distinguishes this model from other models reported in the literature. All governing equations are presented in detail, making the associated framework extensible to investigate various piezoelectric energy harvesters. The weak formulation is then derived to obtain the approximate solution to the governing equations by the finite element method. This solution scheme is completely coupled, and thus allows for two-way interaction between mechanical and electrical fields. To validate this model, extensive numerical examples are implemented in the linear and nonlinear regime. In the linear limit, this model produces results in excellent agreement with reference data. In the nonlinear regime, the large amplitude response of the piezoelectric beam induced by strong base excitation or fluid flow is considered, and the comparison of results with literature data is encouraging. The ability of this nonlinear model to predict limit cycle oscillations in axial flow is demonstrated.
Pretreatment clinical and hematologic prognostic factors of metastatic urothelial carcinoma treated with pembrolizumab: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yanagisawa Takafumi , Mori Keiichiro , Katayama Satoshi , Mostafaei Hadi , Quhal Fahad , Laukhtina Ekaterina , Rajwa Pawel , Motlagh Reza Sari , Aydh Abdulmajeed , König Frederik , Grossmann Nico C. , Pradere Benjamin , Miki Jun , Kimura Takahiro , Egawa Shin , Shariat Shahrokh F.
Published: November 2021

Pembrolizumab is the standard for the first and second lines in treating metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the value of pretreatment clinical characteristics and hematologic biomarkers for prognosticating response to pembrolizumab in patients with metastatic UC. PUBMED®, Web of Science™, and Scopus® databases were searched for articles published before May 2021 according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses) statement. Studies were deemed eligible if they evaluated overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma treated with pembrolizumab and pretreatment clinical characteristics or laboratory examination. Overall, 13 studies comprising 1311 patients were eligible for the meta-analysis. Several pretreatment patients’ demographics and hematologic biomarkers were significantly associated with worse OS as follows: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG-PS) ≥ 2 (Pooled hazard ratio [HR]: 3.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.57–4.09), presence of visceral metastasis (Pooled HR: 1.84, 95% CI 1.42–2.38), presence of liver metastasis (Pooled HR: 4.23, 95% CI 2.18–8.20), higher neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (Pooled HR: 1.29, 95% CI 1.07–1.55) and, higher c-reactive protein (CRP) (Pooled HR: 2.49, 95% CI 1.52–4.07). Metastatic UC patients with poor PS, liver metastasis, higher pretreatment NLR and/or CRP have a worse survival despite pembrolizumab treatment. These findings might help to guide the prognostic tools for clinical decision-making; however, they should be interpreted carefully, owing to limitations regarding the retrospective nature of primary data.