bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aux origines du musée d’entreprise : Musées industriels et commerciaux
Authors: Mairesse François
Published: February 2020

Je souhaiterais établir, dans cet article, à travers la création de quelques musées emblématiques comme le Conservatoire national des Arts et Métiers ou le Victoria & Albert Museum et de deux catégories spécifiques d’institutions – les musées d’art industriels et les musées commerciaux –, le fait que les musées d’entreprise, loin d’apparaître comme une excroissance un peu embarrassante dans le monde des musées, s’inscrivent au cœur de son histoire et de ses enjeux actuels.
Patrimonialisation des savoir-faire et résidences d’artistes : un dispositif atypique de collection d’entreprise
Authors: Anderlini-Pillet Véronique
Published: February 2020

Au cœur de l'économie de l'enrichissement, la pratique de la collection a acquis une dimension communicationnelle centrale pour les entreprises. Cette économie qui fait converger art, tourisme,  expositions muséales, lieux de vente, industrie et patrimonialisation est principalement celle de l'industrie du luxe et à la patrimonialisation du territoire. On analyse le dispositif de communication que constitue une collection d'entreprise  avec la stratégie de patrimonialisation de la maison Hermès dans une imbrication complexe de sa fondation d'entreprise et de son activité dont le résultat poly-dimensionnel s'expose dans des lieux dédiés des métropoles mondiales. Nous suivons ainsi une transfiguration d'objets et de pratiques qui, sans obtenir l'aura de l'œuvre d'art, participent à un processus d'artification et de patrimonialisation de la marque. Dans l'ère contemporaine du triomphe de l'esthétisation, la collection d'entreprise comme l'art apparaît à la fois comme un processus de communication d'une expérience et un marquage identitaire.
Du rétro au néo, entre nostalgie et réinvention. Discours, objets, usages dans les cultures médiatiques contemporaines. Note introductive
Authors: Fevry Sébastien , Sepulchre Sarah , Vanoost Marie
Published: February 2020

Note introductive au numéro
Entre rétro et futurisme. Le zeppelin dans la culture visuelle contemporaine
Authors: Fevry Sébastien
Published: February 2020

Cet article a pour objectif d’étudier la culture visuelle qui entoure le zeppelin en retraçant ce que Pascal Ory dans L’histoire culturelle (2004) a nommé une imagerie, c’est-à-dire les actualisations successives d’un imaginaire donné à travers le temps. Il s’agit de porter attention non pas tellement à l’évolution de l’objet technologique lui-même, mais à la trajectoire de ses images, particulièrement dans la culture contemporaine et les productions liées au rétro-futurisme. Le propos consistera à montrer comment le sentiment du sublime depuis toujours associé à l’image du zeppelin se reconfigure dans des représentations visuelles qui peuvent aussi bien faire le deuil d’utopies passées qu’en projeter de nouvelles.
Destructions, héritages, constructions. Figures de l’exonostalgie sur les fleuves de Belgique francophone.
Authors: Daffe Laurie
Published: February 2020

A partir de terrains ethnographiques réalisés en Wallonie et à Bruxelles auprès d’habitants d’anciens bateaux de commerce transformés en habitations, nous envisageons deux questions : Comment ces « gens d’à terre » peuvent-ils regretter un passé et une profession qu’ils n’ont pas connus ? Comment la péniche suggère-t-elle des gestes et des relations entre anciens et nouveaux habitants ? En examinant les accroches narratives et matérielles du bateau, nous verrons que les relations qui se nouent entre le nouvel habitant fluvial et l’objet de son acquisition oscillent entre souvenir, oubli, permanence et anticipation. C’est donc une lecture de l’exo-nostalgie que nous proposons, dans ses rapports au patrimoine, à la mémoire autant qu’à l’innovation et à la réinvention.
Entre marché, état et société civile : Exploration de la nature hybride et des phénomènes d’hybridation des organisations
Authors: Del Fa Sophie , Lambotte François , Vásquez Consuelo
Published: February 2020

explore les phénomènes d’hybridation organisationnelle à partird’une perspective communicationnelle. L’hybridité, en biologie,traite du croisement des espèces et de la double nature deschoses. Au sens figuré, l’hybridité se dit de quelque chose de maldéfini, de flou. De nature expérimentale, accidentelle, mais rarementvolontaire, l’hybridation, comme processus, fait émerger deschoses dont l’état est disparate, étonnant voir monstrueux.
L’hybridation discursive dans la communication sur la responsabilité sociétale des entreprises : le cas des banques « engagées »
Authors: Catellani Andrea , Errecart Amaia
Published: February 2020

Cet article explore le discours institutionnel de deux banques « durables » et « engagées », le Crédit coopératif et la banque Triodos, pour analyser les modalités textuelles qui manifestent – et opèrent en même temps – une forme d’hybridation entre des valeurs et des contenus relevant de différents mondes, ou « cités » (au sens de Boltanski et Thévenot) : marchande et civique notamment. Une analyse sémio-discursive est développée pour répondre à la question suivante : comment le discours de ces banques construit-il des formes de gestion rhétorique de la coprésence de différentes valeurs et valorisations, de différentes logiques ?
Organisations émergentes du monde de l’art : une analyse de l’hybridité des logiques d’action
Authors: Sirois Guillaume , Bellavance Guy
Published: February 2020

Cet article étudie le caractère hybride d’organisations émergentes dans le monde de l’art. Basé sur cinq études de cas, l’article confronte les propos des responsables de ces organisations aux justifications courantes de la valeur de l’art. Il décrit trois logiques – créative, entrepreneuriale et sociale – qui structurent le développement des organisations étudiées. Ces logiques impliquent des objectifs stratégiques, des formes d’engagement et des marqueurs de succès différenciés qui peuvent mener à des conflits entre systèmes de valeur. L’article offre une analyse des tensions qui peuvent naître de la combinaison des logiques au sein de l’organisation artistique. Si la vision unificatrice portée par les dirigeants permet souvent de sublimer les tensions internes potentielles, celle-ci peut en revanche rendre plus difficile la reconnaissance de l’organisation par les institutions culturelles.
Vertige des hauteurs, économie de la grandeur
Authors: Bonnet Valérie
Published: February 2020

L’escalade est un sport peu médiatisé hors des réseaux spécialisés, ses pratiquants étant peu sensibles à l’exposition compétitive et médiatique. Patrick Edlinger fait cependant exception en la matière. Lors de sa disparition en 2016, de nombreux articles lui sont consacrés, alors qu’il est retiré du terrain depuis 1995.A travers l’analyse des différents textes produits à la suite de ce décès, nous allons nous attacher aux justifications mises en place, argumentations implicites légitimant la couverture d’un « petit sport » dans une presse généraliste, et dont les mécanismes ne sont pas sans relever des « régimes de singularité » décrits par N. Heinich (2012).
Double-Valve Heart Disease and Glomerulonephritis Consequent to Abiotrophia defectiva Endocarditis
Authors: Elashery Ahmad Ramy , Stratidis John , Patel Apranta Deka
Published: February 2020

Abiotrophia defectiva, a nutritionally deficient streptococcus, is a rare cause of infective endocarditis. It has been associated with hemophagocytic syndrome. We present the first case of A. defectiva infective endocarditis that led to antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated glomerulonephritis. The patient was a 55-year-old man whose endocarditis affected the mitral and aortic valves. His course was complicated by atrial fibrillation, stroke, and glomerulonephritis. He was successfully treated with antibiotics and dual valve replacement.
Coronary Artery Anomaly in Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy: Cause or Innocent Bystander?
Authors: Gräni Christoph , Grunwald Christoph , Windecker Stephan , Siontis George C.M.
Published: February 2020

Coronary artery anomalies can provoke intermittent vasospasm and endothelial dysfunction, which can cause takotsubo cardiomyopathy. However, in takotsubo cardiomyopathy, apical myocardial regions are typically affected, and these do not correlate with a specific epicardial coronary distribution territory.

We report the case of a 74-year-old woman who presented with acute respiratory failure and suspected myocardial infarction. She had a left coronary artery anomaly, dominant right coronary artery supply, takotsubo cardiomyopathy, depressed left ventricular ejection fraction, and no atherosclerotic disease. In the absence of exercise ischemia, we considered the anomalous artery to be an incidental finding. After 6 weeks of medical therapy, the patient's ejection fraction was normal; one year later, she remained asymptomatic.

The anomalous left coronary artery in the presence of dominant right coronary supply did not explain the diffuse apical regional wall-motion abnormalities in our patient. To our knowledge, this is the first report of coexisting takotsubo cardiomyopathy and anomalous coronary artery in a patient presenting with acute dyspnea.
Global and non global solutions for a class of coupled parabolic systems
Authors: Saanouni T.
Published: February 2020

In the present paper, we investigate the global well-posedness and exponential decay for some coupled non-linear heat equations. Moreover, we discuss the global and non global existence of solutions using the potential well method.
A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based assay to profile 20 plasma steroids in endocrine disorders
Authors: Wang Zhenxin , Wang Hao , Peng Yingfei , Chen Fangjun , Zhao Lin , Li Xiaomu , Qin Jiaqian , Li Qianqian , Wang Beili , Pan Baishen , Guo Wei
Published: February 2020

Background

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based assays are employed in more and more clinical laboratories to quantify steroids. The steroid quantification by LC-MS/MS shows great value in screening or diagnosing endocrine disorders; however, the number of functional steroids included in the LC-MS/MS methods is still limited.

Methods

Here, we describe the performance and validation of a 20-steroid plasma panel by LC-MS/MS. The panel included progestogens (including mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids), androgens and estrogens biosynthesized in steroid metabolic pathways. The LC-MS/MS method was validated according to guidance documents, and subsequently employed to profile steroid changes in endocrine disorders.

Results

Using LC-MS/MS, 20 steroids were separated and quantified in 8 min. Coefficients of variation (CVs) of the 20 analytes at the lower limit of quantification (LLoQ) were all less than 15% (ranging from 1.84% to 14.96%). The linearity of the assay was demonstrated by all the R2 values greater than 0.995. Individual plasma steroids changed significantly in patients with subclinical Cushing’s syndrome (SCS) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) – 17-hydroxypregnenolone (17-OH-PR), testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were significantly decreased in SCS patients, while in PCOS patients, pregnenolone, corticosterone (CORT), androstenedione (A4) and T were significantly increased and DHT was decreased.

Conclusions

The LC-MS/MS method we developed for the quantification of 20 plasma steroids is clinical practicable. The steroid profiling data using this assay indicate its screening value for endocrine disorders. To further explore the value of the assay, more investigations are however needed.
Border Crossing and Transculturation in Tahir Shah’s The Caliph’s House
Authors: Sbiri Kamal
Published: February 2020

This article examines the construction of transcultural identity as it results from the process of border crossing in Tahir Shah’s The Caliph’s House: A Year in Casablanca (2007. London: Bantam Books). Whereas mobility is mostly characterized by the movement from north to south, The Caliph’s House describes an inverted motion from England to Casablanca in search for belonging. With his roots in Afganistan and historical ties with Morocco, Tahir Shah provides new narrative lines that delve into questions of alterity, mobility, and negotiating difference when crossing borders. With this in mind, I aim to show how alterity is refracted within the migrant’s identity. In so doing, I seek to clarify how this refraction helps in producing forms of selves that recognize all notions of silences and transform them metonymically into moments of conversation. With the help of Stephen Clingman’s theory on transnational literature, I will show that integration can be achieved successfully when difference is negotiated as part of the process of bordering.
Nine-year overview of dyslipidemia management in children with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: a university hospital outpatient lipid clinic project in Northwestern Greece
Authors: Benekos Thomas , Kosmeri Chrysoula , Vlahos Antonios , Milionis Haralampos
Published: February 2020

Background

To assess the efficacy and safety of lipid-lowering treatment in children with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) aged ≤12 years attending a tertiary hospital-based outpatient lipid clinic.

Methods

Data in 318 children from the University Hospital of Ioannina (Northwestern Greece) Outpatient Lipid Clinic Project for Children and Adolescents with Dyslipidemia from March 2009 to December 2018 were analyzed. We assessed the efficacy and safety treatment alongside any possible predictors of the achievement of the treatment target.

Results

Of 318 children with hyperlipidemia, 72 were diagnosed having HeFH based on clinical criteria and genetic confirmation. Compared with non-familial hypercholesterolemia (non-FH) children, those with FH had a higher occurrence of positive family history of premature cardiovascular disease, and higher levels of total, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein B (apoB) and lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)). Treatment regimens included either atorvastatin 10–20 mg/day, rosuvastatin 5–10 mg/day, pitavastatin 2–4 mg/day monotherapy or in combination with ezetimibe. The treatment goal of LDL-C (<135 mg/dL, 3.5 mmol/L) was achieved in 69% of children treated. The achievement of the treatment targets correlated positively with male sex and inversely with the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network Score, baseline total, LDL-C and apoB levels. No clinically significant changes in liver or muscle-related laboratory tests were reported; no effect on growth or sexual maturation was noted.

Conclusions

This study confirms that lipid-lowering treatment in HeFH children initiated in the setting of a specialized tertiary hospital-based outpatient lipid clinic is efficacious and safe. Children of male sex and low baseline lipid values had a better achievement of treatment target.
Increasing Awareness and Knowledge among Adult Latinos regarding Sexually Transmitted Infections
Authors: Eze Ijeoma S. , Brady Margaret , Keely Beth
Published: February 2020

Latinos in the United States are disproportionately affected by Human Immunodeficiency Virus and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). They account for about 24 % of newly diagnosed AIDS cases each year and are two to three times more likely to develop STIs when compared with non-Latino whites. Limited knowledge of STIs has remained one of the contributing factors to the disparity. The purpose of this study was to implement an educational bundle and evaluate its effectiveness in increasing STI knowledge and consistent condom use among adult Latinos seen in an outpatient clinic that serves low income patients. A pre- and post-test design was used to evaluate changes in STI knowledge and consistency of condom use. The educational bundle consisted of YouTube STI-related videos, a pre-designed one to one educational session, provision of condoms and STI-related educational materials. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data at baseline and one week post implementation of the educational bundle. Forty-six Latinos (18 females and 28 males) ranging in ages 19 to 60 years participated in the project. The total mean STI knowledge and condom use frequency improved from pre-test (M = 1.67, M = 3.09) to post-test (M = 3.80, M = 5.33). Results of paired samples t-tests demonstrated statistically significant differences between total mean STI knowledge (t(45) = –15.48, p < 0.001) and condom use frequency (t(45) = –7.09, p < 0.001) at pre-test and post-testing. The educational bundle was effective in increasing STI knowledge and consistent condom use among adult Latinos in an outpatient clinic. Further study needs to be done to determine the long-term effect of this mode of education for this population.
Walter Benjamin’s First Philosophy: Towards a Constellational Definition of Experience
Authors: Ross Nathan
Published: February 2020

This essay argues for the philosophical standing of Walter Benjamin’s early work and posits a deeper continuity between this early work as a philosopher and the subsequent development of his work as a writer. When these fragments are read in proper relation to each other, they reveal for the first time many of the key innovations of Benjamin as a philosopher, as well as his points of influence on Horkheimer and Adorno. His early ‘Program’ critiques the Enlightenment conception of experience as a means for gaining empirical knowledge, and announces the need for a new concept of experience. Benjamin follows through on this program with a method of philosophical enquiry that is by turns fragmentary and constellational, developing a series of provisional notions of experience, which form a constellation with one another: perception, mimesis, language as a medium of experience, observation and memory.
The Reaction and Microscopic Electron Properties from Dynamic Evolutions of Condensed-Phase RDX Under Shock Loading
Authors: Yuan Jiao-Nan , Ren Hai-Chao , Wei Yong-Kai , Xu Wei-Sen , Ji Guang-Fu , Wei Dong-Qing
Published: February 2020

Microscopic electron properties of α-hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (α-RDX) with different shock wave velocities have been investigated based on molecular dynamics together with multi-scale shock technique. The studied shock wave velocities are 8, 9 and 10 km ⋅ s−1. It has been said that the shock sensitivity and reaction initiation of explosives are closely relevant with their microscopic electron properties. The reactions, including the reaction products, which are counted from the trajectory during the simulations are analysed first. The results showed that the number of the products strictly rely on shock wave velocities. The reaction rates and decomposition rates are also studied, which showed the differences between the different shock velocities. The results of electron properties show that α-RDX is a wide-gap insulator in the ground state and the metallisation conditions of shocked RDX are determined, which are lower than under-static high pressure.
Effects of Local Vibration on Dynamic Strength Training
Authors: Drummond Marcos D.M. , Couto Bruno P. , Oliveira Mariana P. , Szmuchrowski Leszek A.
Published: February 2020

Drummond, MDM, Couto, BP, Oliveira, MP, and Szmuchrowski, LA. Effects of local vibration on dynamic strength training. J Strength Cond Res 35(11): 3028–3034, 2021—The study aim was to compare the chronic effects of maximal dynamic strength training with and without the addition of local vibration (LV) on maximal force generation and hypertrophy of the elbow flexor muscles in trained subjects. Twenty men were divided into 2 groups (conventional training [CT] group and vibration training [VT] group). The CT group performed conventional maximal dynamic strength training, and the VT group performed maximal dynamic strength training with mechanical vibrations (frequency of 26 Hz and amplitude of 6 mm). CT and VT groups performed 5 sets of 3–4 repetitions, with 2-minute rest intervals between sets. The subjects trained 3 times per week for 12 weeks. After the training period, the CT group presented a significant increase in the mean 1 repetition maximum (1RM) value in the elbow flexion exercise in the orthostatic position (EFO) (7.2 ± 1.5%) (p < 0.0001) and elbow flexion exercise using the Scott bench (EFSB) (6.3 ± 1.8%) (p < 0.0001). The VT group also showed significant increases in 1RM values in the EFO (6.87 ± 0.8%) (p < 0.0001) and EFSB (6.56 ± 1.4%) (p < 0.0001). The CT group presented a significant increase in the mean maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) value after the training period (8.2 ± 2.3%) (p < 0.0001). The VT group also showed a significant increase in the mean MVIC value after training (9.1 ± 2.4%) (p < 0.0001). After the training period, both groups presented a significant increase in the mean value of elbow flexor thickness (CT = 5.6 ± 3.5%, VT = 5.1 ± 2.8%) (p = 0.001). The increases in 1RM, MVIC, and muscle thickness were statically similar between groups. Therefore, the addition of LV does not represent an additional stimulus for individuals trained in dynamic maximal strength training.
Validity of a Novel Specific Wrestling Fitness Test
Authors: Marković Milan , Kukić Filip , Dopsaj Milivoj , Kasum Goran , Toskic Lazar , Zaric Ivan
Published: February 2020

Marković, M, Kukić, F, Dopsaj, M, Kasum, G, Toskić, L, and Zarić, I. Validity of a novel specific wrestling fitness test. J Strength Cond Res 35(12S): S51–S57, 2021—The specific wrestling fitness test (SWFT) is a novel test aiming to estimate the level of physical preparedness of wrestlers; therefore, it should posses an acceptable level of validity. The aim of this study was to investigate an internal, external, and construct validity of SWFT. The sample consisted of 15 national level male wrestlers (age = 22.6 ± 2.3 years, body mass [BM] = 83.3 ± 6.5 kg, and BM index [BMI] = 25.36 ± 1.2 kg·m−2). They performed the SWFT, specific judo fitness test (SJFT), and specific wrestling performance test (SWPT), each test on a separate day. For each test, performance was evaluated in absolute measure as total number of throws at the end of the test (TnThrows) and relative measure as TnThrows/BM and TnThrows/BMI. Heart rate at the end of the test (HR0min) and 1 minute into recovery (HR1min) was used as a measure of cardiovascular functionality, whereas specific judo fitness index (SJFIndex) was used as an indicator of cardiovascular functionality relative to given performance. A correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were used to investigate the internal, external, and construct validity of SWFT. The SWFT_TnThrows/BM had the highest internal validity relative to SJFT_TnThrows/BM (R2
= 0.722, p < 0.001) and the highest external validity relative to SWPT_TnThrows/BM (r = 0.846, p < 0.001). SWFT_TnThrows/BM predicted SWPT_TnThrows/BM with a large coefficient of determination (R
2 = 0.818, p < 0.001). SWFT_TnThrows/BM is valid and easily attainable predictor of wrestlers' specific physical preparedness and as such is of high practical value.
Relationship of Barbell and Dumbbell Repetitions With One Repetition Maximum Bench Press in College Football Players
Authors: Heinecke Marc L. , Mauldin Matthew L. , Hunter Monica L. , Mann J. Bryan , Mayhew Jerry L.
Published: February 2020

Heinecke, ML, Mauldin, ML, Hunter, ML, Mann, JB, and Mayhew, JL. Relationship of barbell and dumbbell repetitions with one repetition maximum bench press in college football players. J Strength Cond Res 35(2S): S66–S71, 2021—Dumbbell training to augment barbell training is gaining popularity. However, information is lacking that details the compatibility of strength and endurance between dumbbell and barbell performances in the same exercise. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to compare the similarity of muscular endurance performance between dumbbell and barbell exercises and to assess the accuracy of predicting one repetition maximum (1RM) barbell bench press from barbell and dumbbell repetitions to fatigue (RTF). College football players (n = 40) performed 1RM barbell bench press and RTF with a 90.9-kg barbell. On separate days, unilateral (45.5 kg) and bilateral dumbbell (90.9 kg) RTF were performed. Barbell RTF (13.8 ± 9.2) were significantly greater (effect size [ES] = 0.14) than bilateral dumbbell RTF (12.5 ± 9.5) but highly correlated (r = 0.96). Unilateral dumbbell RTF were significantly greater (ES = 0.13) for dominant hand (10.8 ± 10.1) than nondominant hand (9.5 ± 9.7) but highly correlated (r = 0.97). Prediction of 1RM barbell bench press was equally effective using a constant weight barbell (r = 0.90) or equivalent weight bilateral dumbbells (r = 0.87) with total errors of 7.3 and 8.2%, respectively. Barbell and dumbbell repetitions with equivalent weights place a similar demand on the upper-body musculature for training and testing purposes in football athletes.
Heart Rate Response, Duration, Grip Strength, and Anthropometric Characteristics in Recreational Indoor Rock Climbers
Authors: Smetanka Robert G. , Armenta Richard F. , Nessler Jeff A. , Newcomer Sean C.
Published: February 2020

Smetanka, RG, Armenta, RF, Nessler, JA, and Newcomer, SC. Heart rate response, duration, grip strength, and anthropometric characteristics in recreational indoor rock climbers. J Strength Cond Res 36(3): 832–837, 2022—Despite the growing popularity of recreational indoor rock climbing, there is a lack of research on cardiovascular responses to rock climbing. In addition, although the importance of body composition and grip strength has been established in elite climbers, their effect on recreational climbing is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to characterize the physiological and anthropometric characteristics of indoor climbers engaging in climbing at a recreational or noncompetitive setting. We hypothesized that heart rates and climbing durations would meet the standards set by the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) and Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for eliciting health benefits and that grip strength would decrease over the course of a typical climbing session. One hundred twenty-one male and female adult recreational climbers participated in this study. Following informed consent, subjects were instrumented with a heart rate monitor (Polar V800) which recorded heart rate and duration. Preclimb and postclimb grip strength were evaluated using a hand grip dynamometer and used to calculate fatigue. Subjects were 30.9 ± 8.3 years old and had participated in climbing for 5.6 ± 6.5 years. The average heart rate during climbing sessions was 122.3 ± 14.5 b·min−1, and session duration was 90.6 ± 31.3 minutes. Mean grip strength was 49.9 ± 11.2 kg, whereas the strength to mass ratio was 0.71 ± 0.14, and fatigue was 13.1 ± 11.6%. Results from the current study suggest that recreational indoor climbing elicits exercise heart rates and durations that are consistent with the CDC and ACSM's recommendations for cardiovascular health. Grip strength data suggested that forearm muscle fatigue may limit climbing durations.
Hydromechanical Performance of Heat-Treated Bentonite
Authors: Tan Yunzhi , Li Hui , Wang Peirong , Sun De’an , Sun Wenjing
Published: February 2020

As a buffer material in nuclear waste disposal repository, bentonite experiences long-term persistent heating because of thermal energy released from the sealed nuclear waste canisters. There is no conclusive evidence on how high temperature affects the self-sealing capacity of bentonites. To investigate this effect, bentonite was heated in a muffle furnace at a constant temperature (105°C) for different time periods. The free swelling ratio, swelling pressure, permeability, and specific surface area are used to characterize the physical and mechanical properties of the heated samples. Results revealed that with the increase in the heating time, the free swelling ratio and swelling pressure decrease significantly. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the bentonite sample heated for 90 days reveals a shift from 6° to 9° for the angle corresponding to the (001) diffraction peak of montmorillonite, and with the increase in the heating time, the spacing distance decreases from 1.5 to 0.94 nm. Meanwhile, siliceous oxide is formed during heating, resulting in a cluster of bentonite particles. Results obtained from the infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the water adsorbed on the intralayer and interlayer surfaces is completely evaporated when the temperature approaches 200°C, but only part of the ionic-bonded water vaporizes, while the structural water remains unchanged. Furthermore, during evaporation, sodium and magnesium ions disappear. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that bentonite particles are aggregated, rather than uniformly dispersed, which confirms the aforementioned inference. In addition, results obtained from the particle size distribution tests of heated bentonite revealed the same conclusion about its microstructure.
Extraretinal Spike Normalization in Retinal Ganglion Cell Axons
Authors: Fogli Iseppe Alex , Ogata Genki , Johnson Jeffrey S. , Partida Gloria J. , Johnson Nicholas , Passaglia Christopher L. , Ishida Andrew T.
Published: February 2020

Spike conduction velocity characteristically differs between myelinated and unmyelinated axons. Here we test whether spikes of myelinated and unmyelinated paths differ in other respects by measuring rat retinal ganglion cell (RGC) spike duration in the intraretinal, unmyelinated nerve fiber layer and the extraretinal, myelinated optic nerve and optic chiasm. We find that rapid spike firing and illumination broaden spikes in intraretinal axons but not in extraretinal axons. RGC axons thus initiate spikes intraretinally and normalize spike duration extraretinally. Additionally, we analyze spikes that were recorded in a previous study of rhesus macaque retinogeniculate transmission and find that rapid spike firing does not broaden spikes in optic tract. The spike normalization we find reduces the number of spike properties that can change during RGC light responses. However, this is not because identical spikes fire in all axons. Instead, our recordings show that different subtypes of RGC generate axonal spikes of different durations and that the differences resemble spike duration increases that alter neurotransmitter release from other neurons. Moreover, previous studies have shown that RGC spikes of shorter duration can fire at higher maximum frequencies. These properties should facilitate signal transfer by different mechanisms at RGC synapses onto subcortical target neurons.
The Making of Singer-songwriters
Authors: Qu Shuwen , Xiao Jian
Published: February 2020

This paper addresses the importance of singer-songwriters to understanding China's contemporary folk music ethos. Instead of considering singer-songwriters as those who perform their own material, this paper examines them as a discursive field that involves the notion of authorship. The first part of the paper revisits the history of singer-songwriters as a thickening process of the aesthetic and sociological voices in their singular authoritarian role. Drawing on Negus's “unbundling” concept, the myth of singer-songwriters' heightened investment of authorship is deconstructed via analysis of the dynamic relationships between the song, the performance and the real author. We then demonstrate three kinds of authorship across three phases of the making of folk singer-songwriters, namely confession, parody and scenius. The analysis reveals why and how the making of singer-songwriters and the issue of authorship are useful to the understanding of contemporary folk ethos in China. Overall, the transformation of authorship in the making of singer-songwriters reveals the complexity of textual narratives, the expansion of performance approaches, and the enhancement of sociological agency in the evolution of contemporary folk music. Folk music carves out a distinctive space for reflection on the process of urbanization and its effects on the thought and practice of people of different cultural, social and ethnic backgrounds.
Cytosine Methylation Affects the Mutability of Neighboring Nucleotides in Germline and Soma
Authors: Kusmartsev Vassili , Drożdż Magdalena , Schuster-Böckler Benjamin , Warnecke Tobias
Published: February 2020

Methylated cytosines deaminate at higher rates than unmethylated cytosines, and the lesions they produce are repaired less efficiently. As a result, methylated cytosines are mutational hotspots. Here, combining rare polymorphism and base-resolution methylation data in humans, Arabidopsis thaliana, and rice (Oryza sativa), we present evidence that methylation state affects mutation dynamics not only at the focal cytosine but also at neighboring nucleotides. In humans, contrary to prior suggestions, we find that nucleotides in the close vicinity (±3 bp) of methylated cytosines mutate less frequently. Reduced mutability around methylated CpGs is also observed in cancer genomes, considering single nucleotide variants alongside tissue-of-origin-matched methylation data. In contrast, methylation is associated with increased neighborhood mutation risk in A. thaliana and rice. The difference in neighborhood mutation risk is less pronounced further away from the focal CpG and modulated by regional GC content. Our results are consistent with a model where altered risk at neighboring bases is linked to lesion formation at the focal CpG and subsequent long-patch repair. Our findings indicate that cytosine methylation has a broader mutational footprint than is commonly assumed.
Positive Parity Levels of 21,23Na Isotopes by Using the Nuclear Shell
Authors: Hasan A. K. , Obeed F. H. , Rahim A. N.
Published: February 2020

The energy levels and transition probabilities B(E2; ↓) i B(M1; ↓) have been investigated for 21,23Na isotopes by using the (USDA and USDB) interactions in the (sd-shell) model space. In the calculations of the shell model, it has been assumed that all possible many-nucleon configurations are specified by the (0d5/2, 1s1/2 i 0d3/2) states above 16O doubly magic nucleus. The available empirical data are in a good agreement with predictions of theoretical energy levels. Spins and parities are affirmed for new levels, transition probabilities B(E2; ↓) and B(M1; ↓) are predicted as well.
The Structure of Oxide Film on the Porous Silicon Surface
Authors: Zavalistyi O. I. , Makarenko O. V. , Odarych V. A. , Yampolskyi A. L.
Published: February 2020

A prolonged stay of porous silicon in the air environment gives rise to structural changes in its surface layer, and the standard single-layer model is not sufficiently accurate to describe them. In this work, the structure of the near-surface layer in porous silicon is studied using the polygonal ellipsometry method. A combined approach is proposed to analyze the angular ellipsometry data for the parameters ф and Δ. It consists in the application of the multilayer medium model and the matrix method, while simulating the propagation of optical radiation in this medium in order to obtain the theoretical angular dependences of tan ф and cosΔ. In this method, the dependence of the sought optical profile on the specimen depth is an additional condition imposed on the multilayer model. Evolutionary numerical methods are used for finding the global minimum of the mean squared error (MSE) between the corresponding theoretical and experimental dependences, and the parameters of an optical profile are determined. A model in which the inner non-oxidized layer of porous silicon is homogeneous, whereas the refractive index in the outer oxidized layer has a linear profile, is analyzed. It is shown that the linear and two-step models for the refractive index of an oxidized film provided the best agreement with the experimental ellipsometric functions. The adequacy of the theoretical model is also confirmed by determining the color coordinates of the specimen.
Contribution of Ukrainian Scientists to the Development of Electrodynamics
Authors: Korsun I. V.
Published: February 2020

The aim of the paper is to prove the importance of the works performed by Ukrainian scientists for the development of electrodynamics. Some examples of achievements made by Ukrainian scientists in this scientific area include physical theories in such directions as the electrical conductivity, domain structure of ferromagnets, photoelectromotive force in semiconductors, microscopic theory of superconductivity, Shubnikov–de Haas effect, magneto-acoustic resonance, invention of an electric tram, live broadcast of the moving-image signal, distant control of objects by means of radio signals, and arc welding of metals. Most Ukrainian scientists have founded their own scientific schools, which works are recognized throughout the world. They were not only engaged in the scientific and lecturing activities, but also in the popularization of science, reformation of the education system, and social activity.
КОЛИВАННЯ ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНО-ГРАДІЄНТНОЇ ЦИЛІНДРИЧНОЇ ОБОЛОНКИ, ЩО КОНТАКТУЄ З В'ЯЗКОПРУЖНОЮ РІДИНОЮ
Authors: Kaklar D. Hosseini
Published: February 2020

Розглянуті геометрично нелінійні коливання функціонально-градієнтної циліндричної оболонки, що контактує з в'язкопружньою рідиною. За допомогою варіаційного принципу Гамільтона – Остроградського визначення частоти коливань даної системи зведено до розв'язування системи диференціальних рівнянь. Рівняння руху в'язкопружної рідини отримано за допомогою векторного рівняння Нав'є – Стокса
ЗВ’ЯЗАНА ЗАДАЧА ПРО ТЕЧІЮ РІДИНИ У НЕЛІНІЙНО-ДЕФОРМІВНІЙ ТРУБІ
Authors: Plashenko S. А. , Kuz’menko V. І.
Published: February 2020

Вивчаються задачі про великі деформації товстостінної труби під дією тиску рухомої рідини. Створено математичну модель процесу. Поведінка матеріалу труби описувалась моделлю Муні. Проведено аналіз області допустимих значень параметрів. Встановлено зв’язок між характером течії рідини та деформуванням труби.
ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОГО І ЧИСЛОВОГО МЕТОДІВ ДО ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ВІЛЬНИХ КОЛИВАНЬ ПРЯМОКУТНИХ ПЛАСТИН
Authors: Grigorenko A. Ya. , Borysenko M. Yu. , Boychuk O. V. , Novytskyi V. S.
Published: February 2020

Досліджуються динамічні характеристики тонкої ізотропної жорстко закріпленої квадратної пластини за допомогою реалізації некласичного експерименту Хладні та методу скінченних елементів, реалізованого на ліцензійному програмному комплексі FEMAP. Описується методика проведення експерименту і числового розрахунку. Проводиться порівняльний аналіз отриманих результатів експериментальних та числових досліджень.
ФОРМА РЕШЕНИЯ ЗАДАЧИ ТЕРМОУПРУГОСТИ ДЛЯ ТЕЛ КОНЕЧНЫХ РАЗМЕРОВ
Authors: Заяц В. И. , Иващенко П. А.
Published: February 2020

Предлагается новая форма решения пространственных задач теплопроводности и теории упругости в виде трех наборов полиномов, связанных определяющим соотношением температура – термоупругий потенциал перемещений. Приводятся результаты для напряжений в прямоугольной призме, нагруженной по граням тепловым потоком.
МАТЕМАТИЧНА МОДЕЛЬ ТЕРМОПРУЖНО-ПЛАСТИЧНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ ПРИ ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНОМУ ЗВАРЮВАННІ
Authors: Михайлишин В. С.
Published: February 2020

Запропоновано математичну модель для опису термомеханічних процесів, які відбуваються на протязі технологічного зварювання. Сформульовано відповідну задачу термомеханіки, яка базується на теорії нестаціонарної теплопровідності та теорії пластичного неізотермічного течіння. Розроблені обчислювальні схеми методу скінченних елементів та комплекс програм для прогнозування термомеханічних станів при зварюванні. Як приклад досліджені температурні поля і напруження при зварюванні двох пластин стиковим швом.
EVALUATION OF THE RELIABILITY TEST RESULTS OF A ROCKET ENGINE BASED ON A LOGICAL-PROBABILISTIC METHOD
Authors: Podolchak Sergey Mikhailovich
Published: February 2020

A logical-probabilistic method for evaluating the test result is proposed, which is based on the theory of evidence of Dempster-Schafer with some assumptions that do not affect the final result. Currently, there is an acute question of creating new types of rocket technology in connection with a change in the situation on the international and domestic market. When creating new samples, it is necessary to pay special attention to the level of their reliability, but also remember to take into account the financial component of projects for the development and manufacture of products.

In this regard, research is currently being conducted not only in the direction of increasing the reliability of complex technical systems, which include rocket engines, but also in reducing the cost of their refinement. One of the research options in this direction was proposed by the author in this work.

The aim of the work and research as a whole was to demonstrate the capabilities of the chosen method for evaluating the test results, according to which it would be possible to draw conclusions about the success of the tests themselves.

As studies have shown, the logical-probabilistic method for evaluating test results based on the Dempster-Schafer theory of evidence, due to the lack of a priori information, can be used in the development of new rocket engine models, but only in a narrow direction. More widely, this method can be used in the design of products based on accumulated experience (amount of information) on existing analogues. Dempster-Schafer proof theory can be applied at earlier design stages, but only in combination with other reliability models.
STABILITY ANALYSIS OF SOFTWARE MANIPULATOR MOVEMENTS USING MATHCAD
Authors: Ashchepkova Natalya Sergeevna
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The method of the stability analysis of the manipulator program movements with use of Mathcad applied programs package is offered. On the basis of the manipulator’s kinematic scheme, the matrices of homogeneous transformations of Denavit Hartenberg are formed and a mathematical model of the extended control object is drawn up. An outline of an extended object control system consisting of a manipulator and an actuator is presented. For example, the linear equations of the manipulator, actuators, meter and controller are considered. The task of synthesizing the manipulator control algorithm is to determine the coefficients of the matrix transfer function of the controller that satisfy the conditions of stability and quality of transients. Mathematical modeling of manipulator programmatic movements was performed using the Matchad application package. The analysis of simulation results allows us to evaluate: manipulator workspace, control system performance, grip positioning accuracy, dependence of grip positioning error on the nature of load and the law of motion. A change in the dynamic characteristics of an extended control object causes a change in the controllability of systems, for the considered example rang Q = 2, i.e. the system is fully controllable.

This method can be used to analyze the manipulation of the manipulator at the design stage; allows to determine the influence of design, kinematic and dynamic parameters on the manipulation of the manipulator and perform mathematical modeling of the manipulator motion. Calculation examples are given that confirm the expediency and effectiveness of using the Mathcad application software package to solve this type of problem.
STUDY OF STRESS AND STRAIN STATES OF REINFORCEMENT IN RUBBER-METAL PRODUCTS DURING THEIR MANUFACTURE
Authors: Khorolskyi Mikhail Stepanovich , Sanin Anatoliy Fedorovich
Published: February 2020

Stress and strain states are typical for rubber-to-metal bonding areas in the rubber-metal products developed specifically for the space industry, particularly those with thin-walled reinforcement, i.e. dampers and brackets. To achieve maximum rubber adhesion to metal, 80-120 µm shot or aluminum oxide blasting at the air pressure of 0.6-0.8 MPa is applied to the reinforcing steel of straight or any other shape. The blasting process causes an improvement in the hardness of the material by strain hardening, which results in the backward deformation of the reinforcement. After the blasting process, the reinforcing steel changes its geometry and stress and strain state. A new equilibrium state appears.

Rubber-metal products are typically cast under pressure using press molds by vulcanizing a rubber mix at high temperatures. Bonding rubber to metal using an adhesive takes place simultaneously. During the molding process, the deformed reinforcement returns to its original shape once the pressure is applied and preserves its shape for some time due to strong rubber-to-metal bonds. Yet, after the rubber-metal product is taken out of the mold, the stress and strain state emerges in the rubber-to-metal bonding area, as the reinforcing steel wants to return to its equilibrium state. With the relaxation developing as time passes, delamination of the rubber-to-metal system occurs and the product can no longer be used.

As a result of our research, we determined the relationship between the strength of the rubber-to-metal adhesion and the deformation using standard samples and proposed the methods of the stress and strain state simulation that can be used for development of new technologies enabling manufacturing of rubber-metal products with no or small stress and strain levels. The paper outlines the key approaches to relieving the stress and strain states in the rubber-metal products with thin-walled reinforcement. Using the standard samples, we proved that relieving of the stress and strain state will ensure product operability during the entire period of warranty.
Les Douze Tribus: La communaute messianique de Sus en France by Bernadette Rigal-Cellard. Les Éditions l’Harmattan, 2019
Authors: Palmer Susan J.
Published: February 2020

Les Douze Tribus: La communaute messianique de Sus en France by Bernadette

Rigal-Cellard. Les Éditions l’Harmattan, 2019. 126pp., Pb. 13.5€, ISBN-13:

9782806636737; ePDF 9.99€, ISBN-13: 9782806651495.
Onomastics and translation
Authors: Nzuanke Samson , Akpagu Zana
Published: February 2020

‘Líwhù’ (meaning ‘death’) as a morpheme in some Bette (Obudu) names has cultural, religious and social relevance. Generally used as variations of allusions to death, it encapsulates the Bette person’s very essence as a being deeply rooted in the existence of spirits and other supernatural forces. This belief is part of a Bette person’s daily life. This article seeks to translate Bette (Obudu) death-related or ‘Líwhù’ names into English with a view to providing acceptable alternative labels in English. Data were collected at random from a sampled population of 40 Obudu indigenes whose names bear a ‘Líwhù’ affix. Of these, nine recurrent ‘Líwhù’ names were retained and organized in five categories, depending on the cultural, religious or social roles they play in the life or lives of the bearer(s). In this study, we translated, analysed and explained the data from three main perspectives, that is, the linguistic, interpretative and semiotic approaches. The paper intends to add to the earlier voices of Asadu and Nzuanke (2014), which stated that most African proper names are translatable because, as symbols or signs, they have meanings that are founded on their particular psycho-spiritual functions in such societies.