bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Spanish version of the short form of the Cyberchondria Severity Scale (CSS-12): Testing the factor structure and measurement invariance across genders
Authors: Arnáez Sandra , García-Soriano Gemma , Castro Jesús , Berle David , Starcevic Vladan
Published: May 2022

Cyberchondria refers to excessive and repeated online health-related searching, which is associated with increased distress and anxiety. The Cyberchondria Severity Scale (CSS) is the most widely used measure for assessment of cyberchondria, and its shortened version (CSS-12) has recently been developed. The aim of the present study was to develop the Spanish version of the CSS-12 and test its psychometric properties. A community sample of 432 Spanish-speaking adults (67.6% women; mean age = 36.00 ± 15.22 years) completed the Spanish translation of CSS-12 along with measures of health anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, anxiety and depressive symptoms. The Spanish version of the CSS-12 comprises a general cyberchondria factor and four specific factors (‘excessiveness’, ‘compulsion’, ‘distress’, and ‘reassurance’). Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated measurement invariance across gender groups. Internal consistency values for the total score and subscales were good to excellent. The CSS-12 showed strong correlations with health anxiety, and moderate to low correlations with anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and depressive symptoms, supporting the convergent and divergent validity of the CSS-12, respectively. In conclusion, these results show that the CSS-12 is a valid and reliable tool for measuring cyberchondria in both genders in the general Spanish population.
Recent Advances in Lead Chemisorption for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wu Pengfei , Zhang Fei
Published: May 2022

Lead toxicity in perovskite materials, which have hazardous effects on the environment and the human body, has drawn considerable attention to emerging photovoltaic technology perovskite solar cells. Despite the capability of other strategies to prevent lead leakage, chemisorption is another efficient approach to block Pb leaching by employing Pb absorbents in/out of device structures. This review discusses lead toxicity and summarizes the recent research about chemisorption strategies by their functions: additives, the hole-transporting layers, interfacial modifiers, and encapsulation layers. Finally, the basic guidelines and challenges for designing novel Pb-adsorbing materials and encapsulation structures are presented.
Can DyeCycling break the photobleaching limit in single-molecule FRET?
Authors: Vermeer Benjamin , Schmid Sonja
Published: May 2022

Biomolecular systems, such as proteins, crucially rely on dynamic processes at the nanoscale. Detecting biomolecular nanodynamics is therefore key to obtaining a mechanistic understanding of the energies and molecular driving forces that control biomolecular systems. Single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET) is a powerful technique to observe in real-time how a single biomolecule proceeds through its functional cycle involving a sequence of distinct structural states. Currently, this technique is fundamentally limited by irreversible photobleaching, causing the untimely end of the experiment and thus, a narrow temporal bandwidth of ≤ 3 orders of magnitude. Here, we introduce “DyeCycling”, a measurement scheme with which we aim to break the photobleaching limit in smFRET. We introduce the concept of spontaneous dye replacement by simulations, and as an experimental proof-of-concept, we demonstrate the intermittent observation of a single biomolecule for one hour with a time resolution of milliseconds. Theoretically, DyeCycling can provide > 100-fold more information per single molecule than conventional smFRET. We discuss the experimental implementation of DyeCycling, its current and fundamental limitations, and specific biological use cases. Given its general simplicity and versatility, DyeCycling has the potential to revolutionize the field of time-resolved smFRET, where it may serve to unravel a wealth of biomolecular dynamics by bridging from milliseconds to the hour range.
De Leefstijlmonitor: Cijfers voor gezondheidsbeleid
Authors: de Hollander Ellen , Hupkens Christianne , van Dorsselaar Saskia , Wendel-Vos Wanda , Kemler Ellen , de Graaf Hanneke , Stafleu Annette , Hosper Karen , Tak Nannah , van Rossum Caroline , Vermey Koenraad , Hiemstra Marieke
Published: May 2022

Samenvatting

In 2013 is in opdracht van het Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport de Leefstijlmonitor (LSM) gestart om de gegevensverzameling op het gebied van leefstijl in Nederland efficiënter en meer samenhangend te organiseren om te komen tot eenduidige cijfers voor gezondheidsbeleid. Dit artikel beschrijft het ontstaan, de verschillende onderdelen en de thema’s van de LSM, en de taken en rollen van de samenwerkende partijen. Daarnaast beschrijft het hoe de gegevens verzameld worden en waar de gegevensverzamelingen op te vragen zijn voor onderzoek. Tot slot bevat het enkele voorbeelden van cijfers en trends over de periode 2014–2020 ter ondersteuning van gezondheidsbeleid.
Windows on Time: Unlocking the Temporal Microstructure of Experience
Authors: Wilson Keith A.
Published: May 2022

Each of our sensory modalities — vision, touch, taste, etc. — works on a slightly different timescale, with differing temporal resolutions and processing lag. This raises the question of how, or indeed whether, these sensory streams are co-ordinated or ‘bound’ into a coherent multisensory experience of the perceptual ‘now’. In this paper I evaluate one account of how temporal binding is achieved: thetemporal windows hypothesis, concluding that, in its simplest form, this hypothesis is inadequate to capture a variety of multisensory phenomena. Rather, the evidence suggests the existence of a more complex temporal structure in which multiple overlapping windows support distinct functional mechanisms. To aid in the precise formulation of such views, I propose a taxonomy of temporal window types and their characteristics that in turn suggests promising avenues for future empirical and philosophical research. I conclude by examining some philosophical implications of multi-window models for the metaphysics of perception and perceptual experience more generally.
Study of water resources parameters using artificial intelligence techniques and learning algorithms: a survey
Authors: Poursaeid Mojtaba , Poursaeed Amir Hossein , Shabanlou Saeid
Published: May 2022

Qualitative analysis of water resources is one of the most widely used topics in water resources research today. Researchers use various analysis methods of water parameters to achieve the desired goals in this field. This research uses artificial intelligence (AI), learning machine (LM), data mining, and mathematical techniques to simulate water behavior and estimate its parametric changes. The proposed model used in this study was a Self-adaptive Extreme learning machine (SAELM) to estimate hydrogeological parameters of the Meghan wetland located in Markazi province in Iran. In addition, SAELM simulation results were compared to Least square support vector machine (LSSVM), Multiple linear regression (MLR), and Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) models. The simulated parameters were Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Groundwater Level (GWL), and salinity. This information was related to sampling for 175 months in the study area. Finally, after simulation operation, four models were introduced as superior models. Mentioned exceptional models were SAELM in GWL modeling, SAELM in modeling the EC, MLR in salinity simulation, and LSSVM in the simulation of TDS parameters. Moreover, by five approaches, the models' performance was evaluated. Suggested strategies were performance evaluation by statistical indicators, Wilson score method uncertainty analysis (WSMUA), response & correlation plots, discrepancy ratio charts, and distribution error diagrams. Based on statistical indicators, the SAELMGWL model was the most accurate model with RMSE, MAPE, and R2 indices equal to 0.1496, 0.0043, and 0.9933, respectively. The ANFIS model had the worst results in simulation.
Factors influencing hydrogen peroxide decomposition dynamics for thermochemical treatment of bottomhole zone
Authors: Anikin Oleg V. , Bolotov Alexander V. , Minkhanov Ilgiz F. , Varfolomeev Mikhail A. , Tazeev Aidar R. , Chalin Vladislav V. , Lutfullin Azat A. , Abusalimov Eduard M.
Published: May 2022

Recently, interest in on-site heat generation has increased due to injection of thermochemical fluids as a complex effect on well productivity. The method of thermochemical treatment with H2O2 while restoring and increasing the filtration characteristics of the bottomhole formation zone is a relatively new and insufficiently studied technology. The article discusses the key factors affecting the exothermic decomposition of this fluid when this fluid is injected into the well. The heat effects, pressure growth and decomposition time of H2O2 were determined depending on the salinity of the water, the composition of terrigenous rock, and various concentrations of H2O2. Physical 1-D modeling of H2O2 injection was carried out on rock models with mobile and stationary oil, which demonstrated a sharp increase in temperature by 100–240 °C caused by the decomposition of H2O2 due to the catalyst and the presence of catalytic active sites in the rock. As a result of this thermochemical treatment, the rock was partially cleaned of immobile oil and heavy sediments. Injection of H2O2 with a catalyst has shown the effectiveness of displacement of mobile oil from the filled sand model. Thus, the results of this study can provide a preliminary assessment of the effectiveness of H2O2 thermochemical treatment in fields operated at a later stage of development.
The effect of scan parameters on T1, T2 relaxation times measured with multi-dynamic multi-echo sequence: a phantom study
Authors: Zheng Zuofeng , Yang Jiafei , Zhang Dongpo , Ma Jun , Yin Hongxia , Liu Yawen , Wang Zhenchang
Published: May 2022

Multi-Dynamic Multi-Echo (MDME) Sequence is a new method which can acquire various contrast-weighted images using quantitative relaxometric parameters measured from multicontrast images. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of scan parameters of MDME Sequence on measured T1, T2 values of phantoms at 3.0 T MRI scanner. Gray matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid simulation phantoms with different relaxation times (named GM, WM, CSF, respectively) were used in our study. All the phantoms were scanned 9 times on different days using MDME sequence with variations of echo train length, matrix, and acceleration factor. The T1, T2 measurements were acquired after each acquisition. The repeatability was characterized as the intragroup coefficient of variation (CV) of measured values over 9 times, and the discrepancies of measurements across different groups were characterized as intergroup CVs. The highest intragroup CVs of T1-GM, T2-GM, T1-WM, T2-WM, T1-CSF, T2-SCF were 1.36%, 1.75%, 0.74%, 1.41%, 1.70%, 7.79%, respectively. The highest intergroup CVs of T1-GM, T2-GM, T1-WM, T2-WM, T1-CSF, T2-SCF were 0.54%, 1.86%, 1.70%, 0.94%, 1.00%, 2.17%, respectively. Quantitative T1, T2 measurements of gray matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid simulation phantoms derived from the MDME sequence were not obviously affected by variations of scanning parameters, such as echo train length, matrix, and acceleration factor on 3T scanner.
Effect of matching uncertainty on population parameter estimation in mark-recapture analysis of photo-identification data
Authors: Ashe Erin , Hammond Philip S.
Published: May 2022

Quantifying and dealing with uncertainty are key aspects of ecological studies. Population parameter estimation from mark-recapture analyses of photo-identification data hinges on correctly matching individuals from photographs and assumes that identifications are detected with certainty, marks are not lost over time, and that individuals are recognised when they are resighted. Matching photographs is an inherently subjective process. Traditionally, two photographs are not considered a “match” unless the photo reviewer is 100% certain. This decision may carry implications with respect to sample size and the bias and precision of the resultant parameter estimates. Here, we present results from a photo-identification experiment on Pacific white-sided dolphins to assign one of three levels of certainty that a pair of photographs represented a match. We then illustrate how estimates of abundance and survival varied as a function of the matching certainty threshold used. As expected, requiring 100% certainty of a match resulted in fewer matches, which in turn led to higher estimates of abundance and lower estimates of survival than if a lower threshold were used to determine a match. The tradition to score two photographs as a match only when the photo reviewer is 100% certain stems from a desire to be conservative, but potential over-estimation of abundance means that there may be applications (e.g., assessing sustainability of bycatch) in which it is not precautionary. We recommend exploring the consequences of matching uncertainty and incorporating that uncertainty into the resulting estimates of abundance and survival.
The Thames and I
Authors: Naruhito Crown Prince
Published: May 2022

Prior to becoming Crown Prince of Japan in 1989, following the death of his grandfather Emperor Showa, Prince Naruhito studied at Merton College, Oxford, from June 1983 to October 1985. His research topic was the River Thames as a commercial highway in the eighteenth century. This marked the first time that anyone in direct succession to the throne had ever studied outside Japan. In 1992, he published a record of his time at Oxford under the title Thames no tomo ni.

The memoir, which includes a colour plate section incorporating photographs taken by the Prince, explores his daily life, studies and recreational experiences, including discovering beer and being banned from entering a disco because he was wearing jeans. The Thames and I is a remarkable record, not least because of its candour, but equally because it reveals the Crown Prince as an individual, including his personal charm and sense of humour. It will be of special interest to those wishing to know more about the future emperor of Japan.
Towards Japan
Authors: Stockwin J. Arthur
Published: May 2022

Distinguished author and former Professor of Modern Japanese Studies at Oxford, J. Arthur Stockwin here explores his personal journey from being the son of medical/dental parents in Birmingham, England, to becoming a specialist in the politics and modern history of Japan, while at the same time reflecting on his considerable personal experiences of Japan and assessing its current and possible future condition.
Performing Brains on Screen
Authors: Vidal Fernando
Published: May 2022

Performing Brains on Screen deals with film enactments and representations of the belief that human beings are essentially their brains, a belief that embodies one of the most influential modern ways of understanding the human. Films have performed brains in two chief ways: by turning physical brains into protagonists, as in the ‘brain movies’ of the 1950s, which show terrestrial or extra-terrestrial disembodied brains carrying out their evil intentions; or by giving brains that remain unseen inside someone's head an explicitly major role, as in brain transplantation films or their successors since the 1980s, in which brain contents are transferred and manipulated by means of information technology. Through an analysis of filmic genres and particular movies, Performing Brains on Screen documents this neglected filmic universe, and demonstrates how the cinema has functioned as a cultural space where a core notion of the contemporary world has been rehearsed and problematized.
Early Cinema, Modernity and Visual Culture
Authors: Grgić Ana
Published: May 2022

The end of the nineteenth century saw the Balkans animated with cultural movements and socio-political turmoil. Alongside these developments, the proliferation of print media and the arrival of moving images was transforming urban life and played a significant role in the creation of national culture.

Based on archival research and previously overlooked footage and early press materials, this book is the first study on early cinema in the region from a transnational and cross-cultural perspective. The work investigates how the unique geopolitical positioning of the Balkan space and the multi-cultural identity of its communities influenced and shaped visual culture and early cinema development. Moreover, it examines the relationship between the new medium and visual culture through the notion of the haptic, and explores the role early cinema and foreign productions played in the construction of Balkanist and semi-colonial discourses.

Reframing hierarchical relations between ‘centres’ and ‘peripheries’, this book departs from approaches such as ‘new cinema history’ and ‘vernacular modernity’ to counter modernity discourses of ‘lacks and absences’, and instead, establishes new connections between moving image and print artefacts, early film practitioners and intellectuals, the socio-cultural context and cultural responses to the new visual medium.
Food Culture and Literary Imagination in Early Modern Italy
Authors: Giannetti Laura
Published: May 2022

As the long sixteenth century came to a close, new positive ideas of gusto/taste opened a rich counter vision of food and taste where material practice, sensory perceptions and imagination contended with traditional social values, morality, and dietetic/medical discourse. Exploring the complex and evocative ways the early modern Italian culture of food was imagined in the literature of the time, Food Culture and the Literary Imagination in Early Modern Italy reveals that while a moral and disciplinary vision tried to control the discourse on food and eating in medical and dietetic treatises of the sixteenth century and prescriptive literature, a wide range of literary works contributed to a revolution in eating and taste. In the process long held visions of food and eating, as related to social order and hierarchy, medicine, sexuality and gender, religion and morality, pleasure and the senses, were questioned, tested and overturned, and eating and its pleasures would never be the same.
Detection and recognition of UA targets with multiple sensors
Authors: Chen W.S. , Chen X.L. , Liu J. , Wang Q.B. , Lu X.F. , Huang Y.F.
Published: May 2022

Modern low-altitude unmanned aircraft (UA) detection and surveillance systems mostly adopt the multi-sensor fusion technology scheme of radar, visible light, infrared, acoustic and radio detection. Firstly, this paper summarises the latest research progress of UA and bird target detection and recognition technology based on radar, and provides an effective way of detection and recognition from the aspects of echo modeling and micro motion characteristic cognition, manoeuver feature enhancement and extraction, motion trajectory difference, deep learning intelligent classification, etc. Furthermore, this paper also analyses the target feature extraction and recognition algorithms represented by deep learning for other kinds of sensor data. Finally, after a comparison of the detection ability of various detection technologies, a technical scheme for low-altitude UA surveillance system based on four types of sensors is proposed, with a detailed description of its main performance indicators.
African Studies Keyword: Autoethnography
Authors: Mara Kathryn , Thompson Katrina Daly
Published: May 2022

Autoethnography—a methodology that foregrounds personal experience both during research and in writing about it—is a useful keyword for scholars working in Africa and the diaspora. Mara and Thompson argue that by exploring new forms of writing and engaging in critical self-reflexivity regarding (shifting) positionalities, autoethnography—particularly collaborative approaches—is vital to ongoing efforts to decolonize African Studies. Mara and Thompson propose changes necessary for the development of Africanist autoethnography as a Keyword, and some hopeful indicators that these changes are already underway, including a small but growing body of Africanist autoethnographic work.
The Effectiveness of Group Triple P for Chinese Immigrant Parents of School Age Children Living in New Zealand
Authors: Wei Yun , Keown Louise J. , Franke Nike , Sanders Matthew R.
Published: May 2022

The study was a randomised controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of the Group Triple P Program for Chinese immigrant parents living in New Zealand. Sixty-seven Chinese immigrant parents of a 5- to 9-year-old child with disruptive behaviour problems were randomly allocated to either an intervention or a waitlist group. Parents completed measures of child adjustment problems, general parenting practices, parenting practices in children's academic lives, parental adjustment, parental teamwork, and family relationships at pre-, post-, and 4-month follow-up. Intervention group ratings of programme satisfaction were collected following programme completion. Significant short-term intervention effects were found for improvements in child behaviour, parenting practices, parental teamwork, and parenting in the child academic context. All intervention effects, except for parental teamwork, were maintained at 4-month follow-up. There were no significant intervention effects for parental adjustment, however, medium effect sizes were found at post-intervention and follow-up. A high level of programme satisfaction was reported.
Polish spaces of Banach spaces
Authors: Cúth Marek , Doležal Martin , Doucha Michal , Kurka Ondřej
Published: May 2022

We present and thoroughly study natural Polish spaces of separable Banach spaces. These spaces are defined as spaces of norms, respectively pseudonorms, on the countable infinite-dimensional rational vector space. We provide an exhaustive comparison of these spaces with admissible topologies recently introduced by Godefroy and Saint-Raymond and show that Borel complexities differ little with respect to these two topological approaches.

We investigate generic properties in these spaces and compare them with those in admissible topologies, confirming the suspicion of Godefroy and Saint-Raymond that they depend on the choice of the admissible topology.
Crossing the Visible or Crossing it Out? Jean-Luc Marion's Icon as Window into Heaven
Authors: Rumpza Stephanie
Published: May 2022

Jean-Luc Marion is often interpreted as a thinker of the purely invisible and apophatic, in tension with the rich forms of mediation found in Christian practice. I will challenge these assumptions through a close reading of one of Marion's rare concrete examples, the “icon”— not his philosophical use of the term, but the holy image that initially inspired it. Marion defines the sacred image by its “transparency,” “self-effacement,” or “kenosis.” This seems to indicate that the icon must cancel itself out to make room for God, an iconoclastic attitude with troubling consequences for the believer who prays to the icon and for the rest of the finite world. By rigorously developing Marion's understanding of this word “kenosis,” I argue that, counter to initial impressions, this account of the sacred image is deeply faithful to the essential aspects of the Byzantine icon understood as a “window into heaven.”
Advisory Opinion OC-28/21 on Presidential Re-election without Term Limits (Inter-Am. Ct. H.R.)
Authors: Cerna Christina M.
Published: May 2022

In 1959, the Fifth Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Organization of American States (OAS) took place in Santiago, Chile. At that meeting, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights was created by a political resolution rather than by a treaty, as in Europe. Closely related to the question of promoting human rights was the issue of promoting democracy. Article 3(d) of the OAS Charter proclaims that, “[T]he solidarity of the American States and the high aims which are sought through it require the political organization of those States on the basis of the effective exercise of representative democracy,” yet the Charter made no attempt to define democracy. In order to fill this gap, the 1959 Declaration of Santiago, also adopted at this meeting, attempted to identify “some of the principles and attributes of the democratic system in this hemisphere” and the one that interests us here is: “Perpetuation in power, or the exercise of power without a fixed term and with the manifest intent of perpetuation, is incompatible with the effective exercise of democracy.”
AN ESCAPE FROM VARDANYAN’S THEOREM
Authors: DE ALMEIDA BORGES ANA , JOOSTEN JOOST J.
Published: May 2022

Vardanyan’s Theorems [36, 37] state that
$\mathsf {QPL}(\mathsf {PA})$
—the quantified provability logic of Peano Arithmetic—is
$\Pi ^0_2$
complete, and in particular that this already holds when the language is restricted to a single unary predicate. Moreover, Visser and de Jonge [38] generalized this result to conclude that it is impossible to computably axiomatize the quantified provability logic of a wide class of theories. However, the proof of this fact cannot be performed in a strictly positive signature. The system
$\mathsf {QRC_1}$
was previously introduced by the authors [1] as a candidate first-order provability logic. Here we generalize the previously available Kripke soundness and completeness proofs, obtaining constant domain completeness. Then we show that
$\mathsf {QRC_1}$
is indeed complete with respect to arithmetical semantics. This is achieved via a Solovay-type construction applied to constant domain Kripke models. As corollaries, we see that
$\mathsf {QRC_1}$
is the strictly positive fragment of
$\mathsf {QGL}$
and a fragment of
$\mathsf {QPL}(\mathsf {PA})$
.
Missing perspective: Marginalized groups in the social psychological study of social disparities
Authors: Matsick Jes L. , Oswald Flora , Kruk Mary
Published: May 2022

Drawing on interdisciplinary, feminist insights, we encourage social psychologists to embrace the active participation of marginalized groups in social disparities research. We explain (1) how the absence of marginalized groups' perspectives in research presents a serious challenge to understanding intergroup dynamics and concomitant disparities, and (2) how their inclusion could assuage some of social psychology's “fatal flaws.”
Controlled lab experiments are one of many useful scientific methods to investigate bias
Authors: Okonofua Jason A.
Published: May 2022

Ecological validity is key in science and laboratory experiments alone cannot fully explain complex real-world phenomena. Yet the three flaws Cesario proposes do not characterize the field and are not “methodological trickery,” (sect. 5, para. 5) designed to intentionally mislead practitioners. In school discipline alone, these alleged flaws are indeed addressed and laboratory experimentation has contributed to mitigation of a real-world problem.
Taking social psychology out of context
Authors: Brownstein Michael , Kelly Daniel , Madva Alex
Published: May 2022

We endorse Cesario's call for more research into the complexities of “real-world” decisions and the comparative power of different causes of group disparities. Unfortunately, these reasonable suggestions are overshadowed by a barrage of non sequiturs, misdirected criticisms of methodology, and unsubstantiated claims about the assumptions and inferences of social psychologists.
External validity of social psychological experiments is a concern, but these models are useful
Authors: Mora Youri L. , Klein Olivier , Leys Christophe , Smeding Annique
Published: May 2022

We agree that external validity of social psychological experiments is a concern, we disagree these models are useless. Experiments, reconsidered from a situated cognition perspective and non-linearly combined with other methods (qualitative and simulations) allow grasping decision dynamics beyond bias outcomes. Dynamic (vs. discrete) insights regarding these processes are key to understand missing forces and bias in real-world social groups.
Challenging the utility of polygenic scores for social science: Environmental confounding, downward causation, and unknown biology
Authors: Burt Callie H.
Published: May 2022

The sociogenomics revolution is upon us, we are told. Whether revolutionary or not, sociogenomics is poised to flourish given the ease of incorporating polygenic scores (or PGSs) as “genetic propensities” for complex traits into social science research. Pointing to evidence of ubiquitous heritability and the accessibility of genetic data, scholars have argued that social scientists not only have an opportunity but a duty to add PGSs to social science research. Social science research that ignores genetics is, some proponents argue, at best partial and likely scientifically flawed, misleading, and wasteful. Here, I challenge arguments about the value of genetics for social science and with it the claimed necessity of incorporating PGSs into social science models as measures of genetic influences. In so doing, I discuss the impracticability of distinguishing genetic influences from environmental influences because of non-causal gene–environment correlations, especially population stratification, familial confounding, and downward causation. I explain how environmental effects masquerade as genetic influences in PGSs, which undermines their raison d’être as measures of genetic propensity, especially for complex socially contingent behaviors that are the subject of sociogenomics. Additionally, I draw attention to the partial, unknown biology, while highlighting the persistence of an implicit, unavoidable reductionist genes versus environments approach. Leaving sociopolitical and ethical concerns aside, I argue that the potential scientific rewards of adding PGSs to social science are few and greatly overstated and the scientific costs, which include obscuring structural disadvantages and cultural influences, outweigh these meager benefits for most social science applications.
Assessing the value of healthcare innovations: a proposal for an integrated health technology assessment–responsible innovation in health approach in the “new normal”
Authors: Mukherjee Kanchan , Walley Tom
Published: May 2022

There has been tremendous technological innovation in the healthcare sector, but it has also raised serious ethical and social concerns. The COVID-19 pandemic has only magnified these existing challenges. Hence, addressing these challenges becomes imperative in the “new normal.” In this context, this article uses a narrative synthesis approach to discuss the linkages of health technology, innovation, and policy to identify the challenges of this complex interaction by applying the principles of pragmatism and historicity to the existing literature. Moreover, the existing scientific mechanisms in the form of health technology assessment (HTA) and responsible innovation in health (RIH) are described to address these challenges. Using inductive epistemology, the linkages between HTA and RIH within a health innovation ecosystem framework are discussed for the future application of an integrated approach to address societal challenges. The proposed integrated approach of HTA and RIH is a work in progress and conceptualized as transdisciplinary, flexible, and adaptive, which is expected to facilitate future discussion, research, and policy action.
Obesity and loss of ambulation are associated with lower extremity oedema in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Freytag Joshua M , Ryan Thomas D , Bange Jean E , Bonarrigo Kelly C , Chouteau Wendy A , Wittekind Samuel G , Tian Cuixia , Gao Zhiqian , Villa Chet R
Published: May 2022

Patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy have multiple risk factors for lower extremity oedema. This study sought to define the frequency and predictors of oedema. Patients aged 15 years and older were screened by patient questionnaire, and the presence of oedema was confirmed by subsequent physical exam. Twenty-four of 52 patients (46%) had oedema, 12 of whom had swelling extending above the foot and two with sores/skin breakdown. There was no significant difference in age, frequency, or duration of glucocorticoid use, non-invasive respiratory support use, forced vital capacity, cardiac medication use, or ejection fraction between patients with and without oedema (all p > 0.2). Those with oedema had a greater time since the loss of ambulation (8.4 years versus 3.5 years; p = 0.004), higher body mass index (28.3 versus 24.8; p = 0.014), and lower frequency of deflazacort use (67% versus 89%; p = 0.008). Multivariate analysis revealed a longer duration of loss of ambulation (p = 0.02) and higher body mass index (p = 0.009) as predictors of oedema. Lower extremity oedema is common in Duchenne muscular dystrophy but independent of cardiac function. Interventions focused on minimising body mass index increases over time may be a therapeutic target.
The importance of food systems in a climate crisis for peace and security in the Sahel
Authors: Läderach Peter , Ramirez-Villegas Julian , Prager Steven D. , Osorio Diego , Krendelsberger Alexandra , Zougmoré Robert B. , Charbonneau Bruno , van Dijk Han , Madurga-Lopez Ignacio , Pacillo Grazia
Published: May 2022

Conflicts are increasingly analysed as exhibiting a stealth complexity in which triggers and consequences are intricately linked to climate, environmental degradation and the struggle to control a finite pool of natural resources. The climate crisis is a multifaceted reality and, against this background, many pressing priorities compete with each other. The disruptive effect of climate variability and change on food systems is particularly acute and constitutes a direct and tangible threat to livelihoods globally. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate and discuss the importance of food systems under a climate crisis in exacerbating conflicts in the Sahelian region and propose interventions beyond and complementary to the usual military and security solutions. We demonstrate for the Sahel that (i) climate hazards are frequent and exposure to climate variability is high, (ii) hotspots of high climate variability and conflict exist, and (iii) impact pathways by which climate exacerbates food systems that can lead to conflicts are documented in the literature. While these three findings suggest clear links between conflict and climate, we find that (iv) current peace indices do not include climate and food systems indicators and therefore provide an uncomplete picture, and (v) food systems programming for climate adaptation has so far not explicitly considered peace and security outcomes. Furthermore, we propose that food systems programming that truly tackles the climate crisis should take more explicit account of peace and security outcomes in conflict-affected areas.
Doppler Waveform Analysis of Intertwin Venous Blood Flow in Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion (TRAP) Sequence with a Rudimentary Heart
Authors: Konno Hiroko , Murakoshi Takeshi
Published: May 2022

Twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence is a rare anomaly in 1% of monochorionic twin pregnancies. Few TRAP sequence cases have a rudimentary heart with cardiac motion in the acardiac twins. Herein, we investigated the venous Doppler waveform in two cases of TRAP sequence with a rudimentary heart with cardiac motion in the acardiac twin. Although both cases had veno-venous anastomoses, the venous Doppler waveforms of the umbilical vein differed. A comparison of the characteristics of the cases indicated that the existence of a ductus venosus, or greater heart pulse power, in the acardiac twin might impact the venous Doppler waveform in the pump twin.
Interference of junglerice (Echinochloa colona) in mung bean
Authors: Mahajan Gulshan , Chauhan Bhagirath Singh
Published: May 2022

Junglerice [Echinochloa colona (L.) Link] is increasing its prevalence in eastern Australia by adapting to Australia’s changing climatic conditions and conservation agricultural systems and by evolving resistance to glyphosate. Information is limited on the growth and seed production dynamics of E. colona when it interferes with mung bean [Vigna radiata (L). R. Wilczek], a major potential export crop for eastern Australia. This field study examined the interference of E. colona in mung bean for two summer seasons (2020 and 2021) at Gatton, QLD. Different infestation levels (0, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 plants m−2) of E. colona were assessed for their potential to cause yield reductions in mung bean. Seed yield of mung bean was highest in the weed-free plots (2,767 kg ha−1) and declined by 20%, 27%, 34%, and 43% at weed infestation levels of 4, 8, 16, and 32 plants m−2, respectively. Echinochloa colona biomass in mung bean varied from 11 to 137 g m−2 as weed density increased from 2 to 32 plants m−2. Based on a three-parameter hyperbolic rectangular decay model, crop yield loss was 52% and 57%, respectively, when weed density and weed biomass approached maximum. Echinochloa colona at the highest density (32 plants m−2) produced a maximum of 15,140 seeds m−2, and this seed production was reduced by 50% at a weed density of 10 plants m−2. Echinochloa colona plants retained 63% to 68% seeds at mung bean maturity, indicating a great opportunity for harvest weed seed control. This study suggests that a high infestation of E. colona in mung bean fields could cause a substantial yield loss and increase the weed seedbank.
Mechanische freiheitsentziehende Maßnahmen im Krankenhaus
Authors: Thomas Annika , Burkholder Iris , Renaud Dagmar
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Freiheitsentziehende Maßnahmen (FEM) sind trotz damit assoziierter Risiken und unerwünschter Ereignisse noch immer in der täglichen Versorgungspraxis der Langzeitpflege zu beobachten. Vergleichsweise wenig Untersuchungen liegen für Normalstationen vor. Fragestellung/Ziel: Die explorative Querschnittsstudie untersuchte Prävalenzen, Arten und Gründe von FEM auf neun ausgewählten Normalstationen eines Klinikums der Maximalversorgung. Methoden: Die Prävalenzen und Arten von FEM wurden im Früh- und Spätdienst im Sommer 2020 über direkte Beobachtung mittels standardisierter Beobachtungsbögen erhoben. Die Gründe für die Anwendung wurden über eine standardisierte Befragung der Pflegekräfte erfasst. Ergebnisse: Im Frühdienst hatten von 167 Patientinnen und Patienten 15 eine FEM (9%), im Spätdienst waren es 23 von 191 (12%). Am stärksten betroffen waren jeweils über 80-Jährige ( n = 8; 23,5% bzw. n = 14, 25,9%). Die höchste Prävalenz fand sich mit 21,4% ( n = 3) und 37,5% ( n = 6) in der Klinik für Neurogeriatrie. Besonders häufig wurden Bettseitenteile angewendet ( n = 14; 93,3% bzw. n = 22; 95,7%). Begründet wurden die FEM überwiegend mit dem Schutz vor Sturzverletzungen ( n = 8; 53,3% und n = 15; 65,2%). Schlussfolgerungen: Die Sensibilisierung des Pflegepersonals mittels Schulungen und weiterer begleitender Maßnahmen stellen Ansatzpunkte zur Reduzierung von FEM dar. Um nachhaltige Veränderungen zu erreichen, sollte die Leitungsebene entsprechende Maßnahmen initiieren und konsequent in ihrer Umsetzung begleiten.
Whistler Waves in the Foot of Quasi‐Perpendicular Supercritical Shocks
Authors: Lalti Ahmad , Khotyaintsev Yuri V. , Graham Daniel B. , Vaivads Andris , Steinvall Konrad , Russell Christopher T.
Published: May 2022

Whistler waves are thought to play an essential role in the dynamics of collisionless shocks. We use the magnetospheric multiscale spacecraft to study whistler waves around the lower hybrid frequency, upstream of 11 quasi‐perpendicular supercritical shocks. We apply the 4‐spacecraft timing method to unambiguously determine the wave vector k of whistler waves. We find that the waves are oblique to the background magnetic field with a wave‐normal angle between 20° and 42°, and a wavelength of around 100 km, which is close to the ion inertial length. We also find that k is predominantly in the same plane as the magnetic field and the normal to the shock. By combining this precise knowledge of k with high‐resolution measurements of the 3D ion velocity distribution, we show that a reflected ion beam is in resonance with the waves, opening up the possibility for wave‐particle interaction between the reflected ions and the observed whistlers. The linear stability analysis of a system mimicking the observed distribution suggests that such a system can produce the observed waves.
Spurious Forces Can Dominate the Vorticity Budget of Ocean Gyres on the C‐Grid
Authors: Styles Andrew F. , Bell Michael J. , Marshall David P. , Storkey David
Published: May 2022

Gyres are prominent surface structures in the global ocean circulation that often interact with the sea floor in a complex manner. Diagnostic methods, such as the depth‐integrated vorticity budget, are needed to assess exactly how such model circulations interact with the bathymetry. Terms in the vorticity budget can be integrated over the area enclosed by streamlines to identify forces that spin gyres up and down. In this article we diagnose the depth‐integrated vorticity budgets of both idealized gyres and the Weddell Gyre in a realistic global model. It is shown that spurious forces play a significant role in the dynamics of all gyres presented and that they are a direct consequence of the Arakawa C‐grid discretization and the z‐coordinate representation of the sea floor. The spurious forces include a numerical beta effect and interactions with the sea floor which originate from the discrete Coriolis force when calculated with the following schemes: the energy conserving scheme; the enstrophy conserving scheme; and the energy and enstrophy conserving scheme. Previous studies have shown that bottom pressure torques provide the main interaction between the depth‐integrated flow and the sea floor. Bottom pressure torques are significant, but spurious interactions with bottom topography are similar in size. Possible methods for reducing the identified spurious topographic forces are discussed. Spurious topographic forces can be alleviated by using either a B‐grid in the horizontal plane or a terrain‐following vertical coordinate.
An Analytic Element Model for Intersecting and Heterogeneous Fractures in Groundwater Flow
Authors: Toller Erik A. L.
Published: May 2022

Intersecting fractures often dominate the rock though which groundwater flows and they represent a crucial feature in groundwater models. In this paper, limitless analytic elements were used to model intersecting and heterogeneous fractures with either high or low transmissivity relative to that of the surrounding medium. To handle the singular behavior at the intersections, fractures were modeled as multiple elements, the tips of which meet at the point of intersection. The same approach was used to model heterogeneous fractures where the transmissivity is discontinuous along a fracture. Representing the fractures analytically in the continuum allows for an exact representation of the groundwater exchange between the fractures and the continuum. Thereby producing an accurate model of flow through a network of fractures in a continuum. This solution is capable of accurately computing the groundwater flow for both a network of fractures with a high transmissivity and an assembly of heterogeneous fractures near a tunnel.
Impacts of Vegetation on Dryland River Morphology: Insights From Spring‐Fed Channel Reaches, Henry Mountains, Utah
Authors: Southard P. J. , Johnson J. P. L. , Rempe D. M. , Matheny A. M.
Published: May 2022

A better understanding of how vegetation influences alluvial channels could improve (a) assessments of channel stability and flood risks, (b) applications of vegetation as a river management tool, and (c) predictions of channel responses to climate change and other human impacts. We take advantage of a natural field experiment in the semi‐arid to arid Henry Mountains, Utah, USA: large spatial differences in bed and bank vegetation are found along some alluvial channels due to localized perennial springs caused by aquicludes in the underlying bedrock. Airborne LiDAR topography and flood modeling are used to constrain channel morphology, vegetation density, and flow velocity at different flood discharges for three spring‐fed reaches along intermittently flowing streams. The spatial distribution of vegetation quantitatively influences both the magnitude and direction of channel adjustment. Reaches with abundant bed vegetation are significantly wider (by an average of ≈50%), with shallower flows and lower velocities, than reaches with little bed vegetation. Reaches with dense channel bank vegetation are ≈25% narrower and ≈25% deeper than sparsely vegetated reaches. We interpret that sediment grain size influences the spatial distribution of vegetation within spring reaches, but that bank vegetation may be more important than grain size for “threshold” width adjustments. Widths, depths, and velocities are fairly insensitive to whether local hydraulic roughness is parameterized in terms of local vegetation density or is assumed spatially constant, suggesting that the underlying “bare earth” topography of the channel bed and banks exerts more control on local flow than does local vegetation density in this landscape.
Thank You to Our 2021 Reviewers
Authors: Wysession Michael , Grimm Nancy B. , Hofmann Eileen , Illangasekare Tissa , Peterson Bill , Rignot Eric , Zhang Renyi
Published: May 2022

Plain Language Summary

A big “Thank You!” to our 2021 reviewers! Scientific publications always rely upon the kindness of colleagues to take time from their own busy schedules to provide assistance in helping to improve the quality of other people's work.
Atmospheric Lunar Tide in the Low Latitude Thermosphere‐Ionosphere
Authors: Lieberman Ruth S. , Harding Brian J. , Heelis Roderick A. , Pedatella Nicholas M. , Forbes Jeffrey M. , Oberheide Jens
Published: May 2022

We present simultaneous, independent measurements of the atmospheric semidiurnal lunar tide in neutral winds and plasma velocities from NASA's Ionospheric Connection Explorer, and in atomic oxygen 135.6 nm airglow measured by the Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk. Westward tidal winds near 115 km at the magnetic equator occur during part of the upward phase of the in‐situ plasma drift. Vertical motions associated with the field‐aligned plasma velocity occur away from the magnetic equator. The morphology of the lunar tide, and the phasing between the airglow and plasma velocities are consistent with E × B drift as a mechanism for linking neutral wind and plasma perturbations. This work provides the first observational quantification of global‐scale E‐ and F‐region coupling through E × B and field‐aligned vertical drifts.
Structural Anomaly at the Boundary Between Strong and Weak Plate Coupling in the Central‐Western Nankai Trough
Authors: Nakamura Y. , Shiraishi K. , Fujie G. , Kodaira S. , Kimura G. , Kaiho Y. , No T. , Miura S.
Published: May 2022

To investigate structural characteristics associated with variations in slip behavior on the plate boundary in the Nankai subduction zone, we conducted seismic reflection surveys in the central‐western Nankai Trough. Data were processed by pre‐stack depth migration. The resulting depth map of the top of the subducting Philippine Sea plate shows detailed topographic features of the plate boundary, including subducting seamounts and large‐scale undulations of the plate surface. We report the presence of a structurally anomalous region, potentially with low velocity, in the overriding plate at the boundary between the zone of large coseismic slip during the 1946 Nankai earthquake and the area producing slow earthquakes. This anomaly appears to be related to depth‐dependent variations in plate boundary slip style and plate coupling in the central‐western Nankai Trough.