bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of an integrated multi-objective approach to formulate optimal harvesting policies with the aim of sustainable management of groundwater resources: study area: Varamin Plain
Authors: Azizi Hamid reza , Azizi Hamed
Published: March 2023

In the present study, an integrated multi-objective simulation -optimization model was developed using a NSGA-II optimization algorithm and GMS simulation software with the aim of sustainable harvesting from the Varamin aquifer. For this purpose, the quantitative model of the aquifer was simulated. Based on the calibrated model and integrated with the optimization algorithm, a two-objective management model was developed to control the exponential drop in the groundwater level and ensure sustainable harvesting from the wells. Then, according to multi-criteria decision-making methods and the Borda aggregation method, the optimal harvesting scenario of wells in operation was analyzed. The results show that more than 69% of the wells in the study area have experienced a rise of up to 30 m in the groundwater level during a 1-year period. It indicates the relative improvement of the aquifer in the direction of restoring its saturated thickness. Also, the comparison of the results obtained from the optimal and existing conditions showed that by applying the proposed model, an average of 46.9% can be saved in the harvesting of groundwater resources. For this purpose, it is necessary to reduce the allowed amount of harvesting from wells in this area from 21 to 11 L/s.
TempNet – temporal super-resolution of radar rainfall products with residual CNNs
Authors: Sit Muhammed Ali , Seo Bongchul , Demir Ibrahim
Published: March 2023

The temporal and spatial resolution of rainfall data is crucial for environmental modeling studies in which its variability in space and time is considered as a primary factor. Rainfall products from different remote sensing instruments (e.g., radar, satellite) have different space-time resolutions because of the differences in their sensing capabilities and post-processing methods. In this study, we developed a deep-learning approach that augments rainfall data with increased time resolutions to complement relatively lower-resolution products. We propose a neural network architecture based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), namely TempNet, to improve the temporal resolution of radar-based rainfall products and compare the proposed model with an optical flow-based interpolation method and CNN-baseline model. While TempNet achieves a mean absolute error of 0.332 mm/h, comparison methods achieve 0.35 and 0.341, respectively. The methodology presented in this study could be used for enhancing rainfall maps with better temporal resolution and imputation of missing frames in sequences of 2D rainfall maps to support hydrological and flood forecasting studies.
Long-term spatiotemporal variability of precipitation and its linkages with atmospheric teleconnections in the Yellow River Basin, China
Authors: Wang Junjie , Chi Yuning , Shi Bing , Yuan Qingyun , Wang Xia , Shen Lijun
Published: March 2023

Precipitation is widely considered as a crucial index toward the apprehension of global climate change. Hence, it becomes imperative to explore spatiotemporal patterns and the interlinked factors of precipitation in the basin. In the study, the spatial and temporal variability of precipitation and the individual or integrated effects of various atmospheric teleconnections on precipitation variations are explored in the Yellow River Basin. The total precipitation showed a slightly declining tendency during 1950–2019 and the dependence relationship of precipitation gradient on latitude and longitude is different in various seasons and elevations. The spatiotemporal variability of precipitation is more sensitive to the latitude gradient. For each 1-degree increase in longitude and latitude, the average annual precipitation increases/decreases by 10.73 and 57.24 mm, respectively. Moreover, the precipitation spatiotemporal patterns could be interpreted by four empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) modes about 71.9% of precipitation variations. The strength of the linkages between various circulation factors and precipitation varied at different time scales. The integrated effects of multiple factors should be taken into consideration in explaining precipitation variability at all time scales. It is expected that the study can be helpful for understanding the internal mechanism of the hydrological cycle in the YRB.
Spatial analysis of historical extreme rainfall characteristics using regionalization in the Lake Biwa and Yodo River Basin, Japan
Authors: Yazawa Taishi , Shoji Ayane
Published: March 2023

This research investigated the historical changes in basin-scale rainfall characteristics and their spatial distributions in the Lake Biwa and Yodo River Basin. Nine rainfall indices including two general and seven extreme rainfall indices and the probable rainfall according to 50- and 100-year return periods were evaluated based on the data gathered from 61 rain gauge stations. The regionalization of the rainfall indices and probable rainfall was then examined using spatial interpolation via the Kriging method. The results of the spatial analysis for the rainfall indices showed that there is a potentially high risk of extreme rainfall events and pluvial floods, particularly in the northern, western, and southern areas. The 50- and 100-year probable rainfall has historically increased in the north through to the western area of the basin. The return periods of the 50- and 100-year rainfall events decreased in the northern area of Lake Biwa and the western area of the basin. The findings of this research suggest that the local flood management plan needs to be updated depending on the regional differences in extreme rainfall characteristics. In basins/areas with sparsely distributed rain gauge stations, regionalization can provide useful information as part of local flood management planning.
Naegleria australiensis isolated from a wastewater treatment station in Santiago Island, Cape Verde
Authors: Sousa-Ramos Djeniffer , Reyes-Batlle María , Bellini Natalia Karla , Rodríguez-Expósito Rubén Leocadio , Piñero José Enrique , Lorenzo-Morales Jacob
Published: March 2023

Despite the Naegleria genus being isolated from different natural environments such as water, soil, and air, not all Naegleria species are capable of causing infections in humans, and they are capable of completing their life cycle in environmental niches. However, the presence of this genus may suggest the existence of one of the highly pathogenic free-living amoeba (FLA) species: Naegleria fowleri or the brain-eating amoeba. This facultative parasitic protozoon represents a risk to public health, mainly related to domestic and agricultural waters. In this research, our main objective was to determine the existence of pathogenic protozoa in the Santa Cruz wastewater treatment plant, Santiago Island. Using 5 L of water we confirmed the presence of potentially pathogenic Naegleria australiensis, being the first report on Naegleria species in Cape Verde. This fact demonstrates the low efficiency in the treatment of wastewater and, consequently, a potential threat to public health. Nevertheless, more studies will be needed for the prevention and control of possible infections in this Macaronesian country.
Effective removal of microcystin by a hybrid process combining PAC-submerged hollow fiber membrane from raw water
Authors: Sengul Ayse , Ersan Gamze , Yalçın Albayrak Eda , Rajab Mafaz Ali , Tüfekci Neşe
Published: March 2023

Microcystis aeruginosa is one of the most commonly detected cyanobacteria in aquatic systems. Therefore, this study evaluated the removal efficiency of total (cell-bound and dissolved) microcystin (MC) by a hybrid process combining powdered activated carbon (PAC)-submerged hollow fiber membrane and compared the hybrid process performance with that of PAC adsorption and submerged hollow fiber membrane processes separately. The results indicated that up to 84% of the total MC was removed using the PAC adsorption stand-alone process, while 90% of it was removed by submerged hollow fiber membrane stand-alone process (with a 10 μg/L feed concentration). When the PAC dose of 20 mg/L and equilibrium time of 480 min were applied with a 51.9 μg/L feed concentration to the hybrid process, the removal efficiency of total MC increased to 99%. Moreover, the cell-bound and dissolved MC concentrations in the permeate were 0.34 and 0.65 mg/L, respectively. This permeate concentration level was ensured by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the guideline value for MC (1 mg/L). Overall, the hybrid process combining PAC-submerged hollow fiber membranes can be successfully used as an alternative advanced treatment technology to mitigate total (cell-bound and dissolved) MC.
Network Pharmacology Study to Reveal the Mechanism of Zuogui Pill for
Treating Osteoporosis
Authors: Wang Gaoxiang , Li Huilin , Zhao Hengxia , Liu Deliang , Chu Shufang , Lee Maosheng , Fang Zebin
Published: March 2023

Background:

To our knowledge, there is still a lack of scientific reports on the pharmacological
mechanism of the Zuogui Pill (ZGP) for treating osteoporosis (OP).

Aims:

This study aimed to explore it via network pharmacology and molecular docking.

Methods:

We identified active compounds and associated targets in ZGP via two drug databases.
Disease targets of OP were obtained utilizing five disease databases. Networks were established
and analyzed through the Cytoscape software and STRING databases. Enrichment analyses were
performed using the DAVID online tools. Molecular docking was performed using Maestro,
PyMOL, and Discovery Studio software.

Results:

89 drug active compounds, 365 drug targets, 2514 disease targets, and 163 drug-disease
common targets were obtained. Quercetin, kaempferol, phenylalanine, isorhamnetin, betavulgarin,
and glycitein may be the crucial compounds of ZGP in treating OP. AKT1, MAPK14, RELA,
TNF, and JUN may be the most important therapeutic targets. Osteoclast differentiation, TNF,
MAPK, and thyroid hormone signaling pathways may be the critical therapeutic signaling pathways.
The potential therapeutic mechanism mainly relates to osteoblastic or osteoclastic differentiation,
oxidative stress, and osteoclastic apoptosis.

Conclusion:

This study has revealed the anti-OP mechanism of ZGP, which offers objective evidence
for relevant clinical application and further basic research.
Sleep Medicine in Iran: Current Practice, Challenges, and Future Direction
Authors: Najafi Arezu , Sadeghniiat-Haghighi Khosro
Published: March 2023

The Iranian Sleep Medicine (ISM) Society, established in 2005, has worked to increase public knowledge of how important sleep is to maintain health in the community and safety on the roads. The ISM has also had a strong role in the implementation of sleep tests and laboratory standards in collaboration with the Ministry of Health, training sleep specialists to diagnose and treat sleep disorders, certifying sleep labs to ISM standards, and conducting much needed research to improve sleep amongst Iranians. In this chapter, we will first introduce the current healthcare system highlighting the practice of sleep medicine in Iran. Next, we identify three challenges in delivering sleep medicine to millions of Iranians with potential solutions. The challenges are: (1) a limited number of trained sleep medicine specialists unequally distributed across all districts; (2) a limited number of certified sleep labs; (3) the need for insurance to pay for the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea, narcolepsy, and insomnia. Lastly, we present future directions for Iranian sleep research including much needed population-based studies to assess the prevalence of sleep disorders. While much progress has been made since 2005 to improve sleep health in Iran, we still have much work to do to reach our goal of significantly reducing disparities and promoting sleep medicine all over Iran toward a healthier future.
Sleep Medicine in Brazil
Authors: Hachul Helena , Ninello Polesel Daniel , Nozoe Karen Tieme , Poyares Dalva , Levy Andersen Monica , Tufik Sergio
Published: March 2023

Sleep Medicine has only recently become a medical specialty in Brazil. There are few qualified professionals in this field, and they are mainly concentrated in metropolitan areas. Access to the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders is not yet homogeneous for the entire population. In Brazil, there is a public health system called the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) that offers free and universal health access to all. Although it can be difficult and time-consuming to access a sleep assessment, SUS offers free diagnosis and treatment for sleep disorders. However, private clinics and hospitals provide more treatment options and faster access compared to the public sector, but at a high cost. Sleep Medicine is not yet a mandatory discipline in medical training, and most specialized courses and professional development in sleep are not free. With respect to the sleep research being carried out in Brazil, most basic research is concentrated on the effects of sleep deprivation, and clinical research into the health consequences of sleep disorders and possible interventions. Modern society is increasingly subject to sleep restriction and the consequences of sleep disturbances. As a result, sleep has attracted more attention and interest from the media and the general population. Sleep Medicine in Brazil has experienced a significant expansion in knowledge over the last 20 years, and the prospects are positive in relation to future research and the training of specialized professionals.
Secondary Metabolites from Plant Endophytes: Possible Source of Future Antimicrobial Compounds
Authors: Mandal Chanchal , Tasin Fahim Rejanur , Haque Nazmul
Published: March 2023

Endophytes are endosymbionts that live inside the plant without causing any
harm. Endophytes could be a fungi or bacteria but the fungal population is widespread
worldwide. There are huge chances for exploiting those endophytic fungi for the in
vitro production of bioactive secondary metabolites for human welfare. Their
successful laboratory cultivation is emerging as a new source of antimicrobial
compounds. In recent years, more than 300 endophytes have been isolated from
different plant species and successfully cultivated in vitro to synthesize new bioactive
metabolites. This phenomenon reflects the chemical diversity of different natural
compound classes with their incredible bioactivity. But still, the chemistry and nature
of endophytes need to be comprehensively studied. Hence, in this chapter, we have
attempted to discuss different endophytes along with their potential antibacterial
activities. 
A Time Travel with Anti-Malarial Drugs: Then, Now and Beyond
Authors: Ghosh Soubhik , Mukherjee Saikat , Sengupta Anirban , Sarkar Samrat , Keswani Tarun , Bhattacharyya Arindam
Published: March 2023

Major progress has been made in the last five years to reduce the suffering and death caused by malaria infection worldwide. In the absence of effective preventative tools, such as vaccines, chemotherapy is a principal option to treat malaria. To date, Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is used as the most effective treatment strategy against malaria infection, which made a significant impact in reducing overall mortality and morbidity. Nevertheless, the current armamentarium of anti-malarial drugs is far from satisfactory as they have unacceptable toxic sideeffects, along with resistance to the conventional treatment regime, emphasizing the need to identify new compounds and alternative treatment strategies to stay one step ahead in this evolutionary arms race between host and parasites. Developing a vaccine would be the most desirable remedy for eliminating this deadliest parasitic disease. Furthermore, immunotherapy can also be the future to treat the inflammatory disease caused by the intracellular pathogen of the genus Plasmodium. In this pursuit, regulation of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways in a correct manner by maintaining optimal Treg/Th17 balance may be the key to successful immunotherapeutic treatment against malaria. In this chapter, the history and mechanism of action of some important anti-malarial drugs have been narrated, along with the future possibilities of potential therapeutic approaches against malaria.
WES KOYO ANAKKU DEWE: PENGASUHAN ANAK PEKERJA MIGRAN (APM) OLEH KERABAT DI DESA PURWODADI, KECAMATAN DONOMULYO, KABUPATEN MALANG
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Septiani Umi Wardah , Kewuel Hipolitus Kristoforus
Published: March 2023

Wes Koyo Anakku Dewe: Child Care for Migrant Workers by Relatives in Purwodadi Village, Donomulyo District, Malang Regency. Indonesian Migrant Workers are Indonesian citizens who will be, are currently or have done work by receiving wages outside the territory of the Republic of Indonesia (quoted from BPJS Ketenagakerjaan.go.id 2020). The high number of migrant workers has various impacts, both positive and negative. The positive impact is an increase in foreign exchange for the country as well as the economic welfare of migrant families. Negative impacts also arise related to the increasing number of divorces for migrants, children from broken homes or being involved in juvenile delinquency. In Purwodadi Village, Donomulyo District, Malang Regency, there are also various dynamics related to migrant worker families. Therefore, this study aims to examine the dynamics related to APM, to describe the care that relatives provide and the reciprocity they provide for parenting. This study chose a focus location in Sidorejo Hamlet, Purwodadi Village, Donomulyo District. Due to the emergence of various dynamics related to APM. This study uses ethnographic methods with observation and interview data collection techniques. The selected informants are two families of migrant workers who involve the role of relatives, namely grandmothers. Then the founders and volunteers of the caring program. The results showed that grandmothers played the most important role in the domestic affairs of migrant workers' families as well as child care. Grandmother provides care that is seen in the form of care. The gift is classified as a free gift. Then the parents give reciprocity in the form of reciprocation or material. Relationships are formed so that reciprocal relationships are continuously carried out and create reciprocity. Keywords: Child care; child migrant workers; migrant workers; care; reciprocity
EKOLOGI ALAM SEKITAR SEBAGAI IDE PENCIPTAAN KARYA SENI LUKIS
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Ikhwani Syahrul
Published: March 2023

Environmental Ecology as an Idea for the Creation of Paintings. Humans in carrying out the weight of the twists and turns of life need to be an inspirational value. Inspirational values are easily obtained from the environment around humans. Animal ecology in rural environments is the right facilities in seeking these inspirational values because the community has used to coexist with animals and has also established a lot of relationships. Through the creation of painting. The author wants to convey the inspirational value in order to be able to move people who are being restless or feel the burden of life. The author uses the basic concept of biology illustrations in order to display animal ecology and its relationship with humans. Then there is a metaphor concept that regulates animals as humans and animal ecology as well as their relationship as a parable of human life patterns. Facilitate appreciators in learning, reading and looking for inspirational values in animal ecology as a form of embodiment of work, the author uses the method of creation from Alma M Hawkins consisting of exploration, improvisation, and forming. In the issue of the technique the author uses the basic concept of biological illustrations so that the paintings that are displayed can represent the ecological state of the animal in reality. Then in terms of the technique of the author use the acrylic cak realist technique on canvas with a thick and strong sweep so it forms a visual modern, solid painting and fresh color. Keywords: Inspirational value; animal ecology; environment
PENGARUH BUDAYA KULINER CINA DAN BELANDA TERHADAP KULINER INDONESIA
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Zamhari Rizki
Published: March 2023

The Influence of Chinese and Dutch Culinary Culture on Indonesian Culinary. The Indonesian nation is a nation that is rich in spices which then attracts a lot of attention among other nations. Because of this wealth, the Indonesian people themselves have many arrivals from other nations which from their arrival have had an influence in the Indonesian culinary field due to acculturation and cultural assimilation. This research uses descriptive qualitative method through literature study. It is known that the cultural influence brought by the Chinese and the Dutch had a great influence in the culinary field in Indonesia which until now still persists where the culture and culinary from outside Indonesia are acculturated into a new culture which then creates a unique culinary Keywords: Chinese cuisine, Dutch, culture, acculturation, influence
Peran Media Terhadap Pengembangan Eduwisata Sebagai Strategi Pariwisata (Studi Kasus Kebun Pak Budi)
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Maghfiroh Atima Ni’matul
Published: March 2023

The Role of Media in the Development of Edutourism as a Tourism Strategy (Case Study: Pak Budi’s Garden. Media has an important role in the digital era. Social media is primarily a forum that can provide massive trends that can affect the development of the world of tourism. The object of the focus of writing this article is directed at the study of the media used by Pak Budi's garden tours. Departing from the question of how to use media in building educational inspiration for Pak Budi's garden tours in the tourism industry. The research method uses Participatory Learning and Action which in its stages takes primary and secondary data. Primary data was taken from interviews, while secondary data was obtained from literature review and data analysis. The results obtained in this study indicate that the media has an important role in the formation of market segmentation. Pak Budi's garden as an educational tour has its own segmentation in the media with the attractiveness of the facilities and places presented. The media has a big role in the development of tourism as a forum for providing information and can be used to receive input from visitors. Keywords: Media; trend; Pak budi's garden; education; segmentation
EKSPLORASI BUDAYA LEMBATA: UPAYA REVIVALISME BUDAYA SEBAGAI MODAL SOSIAL PEMBANGUNAN
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Aileen Aileen , Kewuel Hipolitus Kristoforus
Published: March 2023

Physical development often gets more attention than mental or spiritual development. Even though mental or spiritual development that cannot be seen with the naked eye has an important role in development as the main foundation. Physical development without a foundation of mental development often raises problems. Mental development can be carried out by using social capital because it can touch humans as agents of development. Social capital in society can be found by exploring the power of culture because culture has lived and intertwined within society itself. This is what the government of Lembata Regency has done by organizing the Lembata Cultural Exploration activity. This activity aims to explore cultural values in the life of the Lembata people. This paper seeks to look at cultural revivalism efforts made by the community in Lembata Cultural Exploration activities and the results of the cultural revivalism process which can be interpreted as social capital for development. This study uses qualitative methods with ethnographic writing techniques. The result of the research conducted is that the community makes revivalism efforts by carrying out and reviving the rituals that have been passed down by their ancestors. The rituals carried out by the community contain values based on their life experiences, so that after the Lembata Cultural Exploration activities the community together with academics and the government confirmed these values as social capital for the development of Lembata Regency. Keywords: Cultural exploration; cultural revivalism; social capital
Soft skills profile of critical thinking ability for culinary arts students in online learning
Authors: Komariah Kokom , Hamidah Siti , Sugiyono Sugiyono , Marifa Kurni
Published: March 2023

The ability to think critically has become a demand in the 21st century. This paper describes how culinary arts students' soft skills ownership profile after participating in online learning through the communication media application used. This study is survey research, processed by quantitative description. The research subjects were the culinary arts study program students with diploma 4 and bachelor's degrees, Department of Food and Clothing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. The population of this study is all students who are part of ongoing online learning. Samples were taken at simple random. The data collection technique used a questionnaire via google form; the goal was affordability from the aspect of place and time. The study focuses on mastering soft skills in learning and innovation skills, especially critical thinking and problem-solving. The survey results show that Catering lecturers widely use online media, such as the Google Meet application, Google Classroom, and Be-Smart. More than half of the soft skills profiles displayed by culinary arts students show critical thinking behaviors (61%). The behavior of critical thinking soft skills that is quite prominent is the ability to think rationally, consider well to solve problems and be able to make creative solutions to tasks found during learning. Online learning implies that it is necessary to increase human resources, especially lecturers, in optimizing online media applications. Students need support in the form of triggers and the preparation of learning tools that can awaken critical thinking skills.
Biochemical Impact of Carica Papaya (Pawpaw) leaves Extract and Ruzu Bitters on Hematology and Brain Histology in Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Ebuehi Osaretin Albert T. , Ayobami Lasekan Oyindamola , Ajagun-Ogunleye Olufemi Mulkah
Published: March 2023

Plant-based products have been utilized for nutritional and medicinal purposes for decades. Although the reported benefits of Carica papaya (Pawpaw) leave extract, its role in hematology, brain histology, and the possible side effect are still areas of research deliberation. Thirty (30) male Sprague Dawley rats, divided into three groups, were fed on rat chow and normal saline, Carica papaya leaves extract and Ruzu bitters, respectively. Blood chemistry, hematology, and brain histology were assayed to ascertain their effects on brain structure and biochemical changes. White blood cells, hemoglobin, red blood cells, platelets, and packed cell volume were carefully evaluated. In the sub-chronic test, there were no significant changes in PCV (%) in the papaya extract and Ruzu bitters group, relative to the control. There was a significant increase in hemoglobin levels in the papaya and Ruzu bitters groups. Carica papaya leaves extract and Ruzu bitters significantly increased certain serum biochemistry parameters (p < 0.05), compared to the control group. Our study revealed that C. papaya leaves extract possess an immunomodulatory effect and did not show any detrimental effect on the brain histology, liver, and general well-being, unlike Ruzu bitters. The neuroprotective effect of the extract is apparent from the intact brain structure of treated rats compared to the other group, (p < 0.05). The hydro-ethanol leaf extract of Carica papaya possesses neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-hemolytic and immunomodulatory effects compared to the Ruzu bitters. However, both extracts’ long-term administration should be taken cautiously and further investigated.
Prácticas culturales en berenjena
Authors:   Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Bogotá (Colombia),   Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria, Mosquera (Colombia)
Published: March 2023

Las prácticas culturales son opciones tradicionales de manejo que hacen los agricultores para lograr sus objetivos de producción. En este clip tecnológico se muestran las prácticas culturales para los cultivos de berenjena.
A Pay-It-Forward Approach to Improve Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Testing Uptake Among Female Sex Workers in China: Venue-Based Superiority Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tang Weiming , Xie Yewei , Xiong Mingzhou , Wu Dan , Ong Jason J , Wi Teodora Elvira , Yang Bin , Tucker Joseph D , Wang Cheng
Published: March 2023

Background

Regular chlamydia and gonorrhea testing are essential for key populations, such as female sex workers (FSWs). However, testing cost, stigma, and lack of access prevent FSWs in low- and middle-income countries from receiving chlamydia and gonorrhea testing. A social innovation to address these problems is “pay it forward,” where an individual receives a gift (free testing) and then asks whether they would like to give a gift to another person in the community.

Objective

This cluster randomized controlled trial examined the effectiveness and cost of the pay-it-forward strategy in increasing access to chlamydia and gonorrhea testing among FSWs in China.

Methods

This trial integrated a pay-it-forward approach into a community-based HIV outreach service. FSWs (aged 18 years or older) were invited by an outreach team from 4 Chinese cities (clusters) to receive free HIV testing. The 4 clusters were randomized into 2 study arms in a 1:1 ratio: a pay-it-forward arm (offered chlamydia and gonorrhea testing as a gift) and a standard-of-care arm (out-of-pocket cost for testing: US $11). The primary outcome was chlamydia and gonorrhea test uptake, as ascertained by administrative records. We conducted an economic evaluation using a microcosting approach from a health provider perspective, reporting our results in US dollars (at 2021 exchange rates).

Results

Overall, 480 FSWs were recruited from 4 cities (120 per city). Most FSWs were aged ≥30 years (313/480, 65.2%), were married (283/480, 59%), had an annual income <US $9000 (301/480, 62.7%), and had never been tested for chlamydia (401/480, 83.5%) or gonorrhea (397/480, 82.7%). Chlamydia and gonorrhea test uptake in the pay-it-forward and standard-of-care arms were 82% (197/240) and 4% (10/240), respectively, with an adjusted proportion difference of 76.7% (lower bound 95% CI 70.8%). All those who tested positive were referred to and received treatment at local sexually transmitted infection clinics. This finding was consistent when adjusting for marital status, income, inconsistent condom use during commercial sex in the last 3 months, and HIV testing history. Among 197 women who received tests in the pay-it-forward arm, 99 (50.3%) donated money, with a median donation of US $1.54 (IQR 0.77-1.54). The economic cost per person tested was US $568.71 for standard of care and US $43.20 for pay it forward.

Conclusions

The pay-it-forward strategy has the potential to enhance chlamydia and gonorrhea testing for Chinese FSWs and may be useful for scaling up preventive services. Further implementation research is needed to inform the transition of pay-it-forward research into practice.

Trial Registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2000037653; https://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=57233
The Role of ChatGPT, Generative Language Models, and Artificial Intelligence in Medical Education: A Conversation With ChatGPT and a Call for Papers
Authors: Eysenbach Gunther
Published: March 2023

ChatGPT is a generative language model tool launched by OpenAI on November 30, 2022, enabling the public to converse with a machine on a broad range of topics. In January 2023, ChatGPT reached over 100 million users, making it the fastest-growing consumer application to date. This interview with ChatGPT is part 2 of a larger interview with ChatGPT. It provides a snapshot of the current capabilities of ChatGPT and illustrates the vast potential for medical education, research, and practice but also hints at current problems and limitations. In this conversation with Gunther Eysenbach, the founder and publisher of JMIR Publications, ChatGPT generated some ideas on how to use chatbots in medical education. It also illustrated its capabilities to generate a virtual patient simulation and quizzes for medical students; critiqued a simulated doctor-patient communication and attempts to summarize a research article (which turned out to be fabricated); commented on methods to detect machine-generated text to ensure academic integrity; generated a curriculum for health professionals to learn about artificial intelligence (AI); and helped to draft a call for papers for a new theme issue to be launched in JMIR Medical Education on ChatGPT. The conversation also highlighted the importance of proper “prompting.” Although the language generator does make occasional mistakes, it admits these when challenged. The well-known disturbing tendency of large language models to hallucinate became evident when ChatGPT fabricated references. The interview provides a glimpse into the capabilities and limitations of ChatGPT and the future of AI-supported medical education. Due to the impact of this new technology on medical education, JMIR Medical Education is launching a call for papers for a new e-collection and theme issue. The initial draft of the call for papers was entirely machine generated by ChatGPT, but will be edited by the human guest editors of the theme issue.
Factors Influencing Co-Morbid Suicidal Ideation among Newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS Patients in Shenzhen: A Structural Equation Model (Preprint)
Authors: Yang Zijie , Xu Zhongliang , Li Xiuxiu , Zhang Yan , Ou Limin , Zhao Jin , Li Liping
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND

HIV co-morbid suicidal ideation is an important public health problem. And the prime time for suicide ideation intervention among newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients in the early stage of HIV/AIDS diagnosed.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to apply structural equation modeling to investigate suicidal ideation among newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients to provide a basis for subsequent intervention studies.

METHODS

A cross-sectional survey of suicidal ideation among newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients was conducted from November 2019 to January 2021 at the HIV Voluntary Counseling & Testing Clinic of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Shenzhen by convenience sampling, using a uniform self-administered questionnaire combined with a professional scale. Descriptive analysis, Chi-square test, logistic regression analysis, Spearman rank correlation, and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the risk factors associated with suicidal ideation and their direct and indirect effects.

RESULTS

A total of 263 newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients were collected in the study, aged 18-65 years, 39.9% of patients had suicidal ideation. Age, believing that he is a victim of intentional HIV transmission, HIV self-test results, depression, stigma, and social support were significant influential factors for suicidal ideation in newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients. The results of structural equation modeling analysis showed that the effect of age on suicidal ideation was -0.151; the effect of self-perception of being infected with HIV by intentional transmission on suicidal ideation was 0.154; the effect of depression on suicidal ideation was 0.171; the effect of social support on suicidal ideation was -0.148; and the effect of perceived discrimination on suicidal ideation was 0.392.

CONCLUSIONS

Mental health problems are a key influence on suicidal ideation among newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients, and interventions for HIV-infected patients should focus not only on their physical health but also on their mental health.
Sử dụng ảnh vệ tinh sentinel 2 và thuật toán học máy thành lập bản đồ hiện trạng rừng tại huyện Bù Đăng, tỉnh Bình Phước
Authors: Nguyễn Thanh Tuấn , Phan Văn Tuấn , Nguyễn Văn Quý , Hoàng Thị Phương Nhung
Published: March 2023

Nghiên cứu sử dụng 3 thuật toán phân loại học máy - MLC (mạng thần kinh nhân tạo - NNET, rừng ngẫu nhiên - RF và véc tơ hỗ trợ - SVM) để phân loại hiện trạng rừng của huyện Bù Đăng, tỉnh Bình Phước từ ảnh vệ tinh Sentinel-2. Mười loại hiện trạng sử dụng đất và lớp phủ trong đó có 6 lớp hiện trạng rừng đã được phân loại trong khu vực nghiên cứu. Phương pháp RF có độ chính xác cao nhất với độ chính xác toàn cục bằng 90% và hệ số Kappa bằng 0,86, tiếp theo là NNET và SVM. Trong số các kênh ảnh của vệ tinh Sentinel 2, kênh sóng ngắn hồng ngoại (kênh 11), tiếp theo là kênh rìa đò (kênh 5 và 6), kênh gần hồng ngoại hẹp (8A), kênh sóng ngắn hồng ngoại (kênh 12) và kênh xanh lục (kênh 3) đóng góp nhiều nhất vào độ chính xác của kết quả phân loại. Kết quả của nghiên cứu này đã chứng minh rằng thuật toán RF phù hợp cho việc lập bản đồ thảm thực vật từ ảnh vệ tinh Sentinel, và có thể được áp dụng được cho phân loại bản đồ hiện trạng rừng ở quy mô không gian rộng.
Seismological evidence for a discontinuity In subduction zones
Authors: Lomnitz Cinna
Published: March 2023

La magnitud local media M es independiente del número anual de temblores, y puede servir para detectar cambios en los esfuerzos tectónicos regionales. Se examinan tres parámetros de estimación del tamaño medio de los temblores: la magnitud media M, el factor b (proporcional al recíproco de M) y el momento local medio M0. Este último es el único parámetro no sesgado. Al analizar la variación de b en ciertas zonas de. subducción se detectan cambios sistemáticos con la profundidad. La evidencia sugiere que las placas descendentes no tienen continuidad hasta profundidades de 600 km, con la excepción de la zona de subducción de Tonga-Kermadec que no demuestra mayores variaciones de b con la profundidad.
A primary tectonic and seismic motivating force: discovery and verification
Authors: Lieber Paul , Wen Kwan-Sun
Published: March 2023

Se presenta la base teórica que en 1965 condujo al primer autor a concebir una fuerza tectónica motivadora primaria, y se dan resultados numéricos que describen su acción en modelos particulares que retratan la constitución mecánica de la tierra en diversos órdenes de no uniformidad: Estos resultados numéricos se avienen consistentemente con los esfuerzos que son necesarios en configuración y magnitud para explicar la sismicidad de ciertas regiones sísmicas conocidas de la Tierra. Esta fuerza motivadora primaria se relaciona con la evolución mecánica de la "Tierra y es evidentemente el motivador primario de prácticamente, todos los fenómenos mecánicos que se producen en la Tierra. Las condiciones para la constitución mecánica de la Tierra, necesarias para producir esta fuerza y sostenerla a través del tiempo geológico, son esencialmente equivalentes a aquellas condiciones inferidas lógicamente en 1951 en base a una descripción fenomenológica del proceso sísmico, o sea que la tierra debe ser necesariamente:1. no uniforme en su constitución mecánica.2. inelástica3. maxwelliana-inelástica, siquiera en parte.
Structure of continental margins along the strike-slip and compresional plate boundaries of the Gulf of Alaska
Authors: Von Huene Roland
Published: March 2023

Se infieren los mecanismos tectónicos en los bordes de las placas para modelos tectónicos del Pacifico norte, resultando de tipo transcurrente (transformado) y compresional (convergente). Las observaciones de campo recientes concuerdan con la geometría general de las placas; sin embargo, la configuración de la corteza observada difiere substancialmente de los diagramas y modelos simplistas que utilizan algunos autores. En el borde de tipo transcurrente, la existencia de una gran trinchera rellena con sedimentos implica la intervención de otro proceso además de un cizalle lateral en el contacto entre la corteza oceánica y la continental. En la Trinchera Aleutiana Oriental no hay fallas grandes de sobrescurrimiento o cabalgadura, lo que implica la existencia de algún otro mecanismo para transmitir cizalle desde la zona de Benioff hasta la superficie. En esta región es posible que la zona de Benioff represente un fenómeno sub-cortical y que exista una deformación plástica extendida en la corteza inferior, precisamente encima de la zona de Benioff. Esta situación podría expresarse como una ancha zona de plegamiento en la sección sedimentaria correspondiente.
Los Humeros Caldera
Authors: Alvarez Román
Published: March 2023

El presente número de Geofísica Internacional está destinado a Los Humeros Caldera, un joven. estructura volcánica ubicada en el centro-este de México. La motivación para estudiar el área surgió de su potencial como fuente geotérmica. Los resultados y análisis presentados en este documento abarcan datos sísmicos, de gravedad, magnéticos, telúricos, de potencial propio y de temperatura superficial. México tiene dos grandes áreas tectónicas en las que la producción de electricidad a partir de fuentes geotérmicas puede ser de relevancia económica para el país: la Faja Volcánica Mexicana (también llamada Eje Neovolcánico Transmexicano) y el Golfo de California (Álvarez, 1976).
Development of Digital Booklet for Class X Biodiversity Materials
Authors: Prameswati Kencana Hastin , Saifuddin Much. Fuad
Published: March 2023

Background: Distance learning requires learning media to help students understand the material. Digital booklets are an alternative to teaching biodiversity through visualization. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of digital booklets for class X biodiversity materials. Methods: This Research and Development use the ADDIE model. The product is validated by expert validators, material experts, and teachers. Product trials on students were divided into two groups, namely small groups (10 students) and large groups (30 students). Results:  The results of the product assessment meet the very feasible category with scores of 91.67% (media experts), 61.25% (material experts), and 81.25% (teachers). The small group test on students obtained a percentage of 96%, and the big group test with a percentage of 95.33%. Conclusions: The digital booklet learning media product is suitable for class X biodiversity learning.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan Antara Pemberi Pelayanan Kesehatan Gigi Terhadap Pasien Disaat Kejadian Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Pada Praktek Klinik
Authors: Pradnya Paramita  , Nuraini
Published: March 2023

Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) is currently a serious world problem with the number of cases always increasing every day. Methods: To find out the factors related to the incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) in clinical practice, this research was conducted using a quantitative method equipped with a qualitative one and using a cross-sectional design. A sample of 198 people was selected using random sampling. The research instrument used a questionnaire. Out of 198 visitors at the clinic, Result: the respondents were female 53.0%, age > 18 years 70.2%, high school graduate education 86.4%, high minimum income 78.8%, knowledge good 50%, not densely occupied 86.4%, adequate ventilation 82.2% good room lighting 97.5%, washing hands 52.9%, maintaining cough etiquette 51.9%, wearing a mask 51.4%), not holding large-scale gatherings 80.8%, Not maintaining body immunity 69.2%, good facilities and infrastructure 80.8%, Access to remote services 53.0%, there is family support 59.6%. Conclusion: The chi-square test shows that there is a significant relationship between family support and the incidence of Covid-19, Washing Hands, Wearing a Mask, PSBB. Body Immunity, Cough Ethics, then the qualitative results show that almost all informants said they always prevent COVID-19 by implementing health protocols in the form of wearing masks and keeping a distance.
Bioecological Aspects of Snakeskin Gourami (Trichopodus pectoralis) in the Flooded Swamp Waters of Bilah River, Labuhanbatu Regency
Authors: Sinaga Fitriyani , Dimenta Rivo Hasper
Published: March 2023

Background: The potential fish resources of snakeskin gourami (Trichopodus pectoralis) in the flooded swamp waters of Bilah river, Labuhanbatu Regency, are pretty high. Thus, this is one of the essential resources and has economic value. This study aimed to inform the bioecological aspects of snakeskin gourami fish (T. pectoralis). Methods: The determination of 3 sampling points was done using the purposive random sampling method. The sampling of T. pectoralis was carried out using the trap. The data analysis presented information on the abundance of Gonad Maturity Level, growth pattern, the Fulton (K) factor condition, and the Pearson correlation among environment parameters to the T. pectoralis population, which was presented quantitatively. Results: The results showed the length-weight relationship of T. pectoralis in the allometric category. The average relative weight (Wr) for male T. pectoralis was 100.46 ± 8.37, and for females was 99.83 ± 2.30. The mean value of the Fulton’s (K) factor condition in male T. pectoralis (8.94 ± 0.54) and female T. pectoralis (9.27 ± 0.67). Conclusions: T. pectoralis showed an allometric category and domination of the first gonadal maturity level. It describes that the female is abundant in optimum condition and ensures for future generations, and Pearson’s correlation result informs that increasing the value of environmental parameters will affect the optimization of T. pectoralis life.
Program Pendampingan Guru Pada Rancangan Program Ekoliterasi di Sekolah Inklusi
Authors: Lestari Sri , Tryanasari Dewi , Rahmasari Alfina Fitria
Published: March 2023

Background: Adanya kesulitan pengorganisasian pada implementasi program ekoliterasi sebagai salah satu program penguatan literasi di SD Sukowinangun. Kesulitan terbesar yang dirasakan adalah kurangnya kemampuan tim literasi sekolah untuk merencanakan dan mengembangkan program ekoliterasi dan implementasinya. Untuk meningkatkan keterampilan tim literasi di sekolah dalam merencanakan program ekoliterasi yang relevan dengan kebutuhan pengembangan diri siswa. Metode: Mitra program pendampingan ini adalah SDN 2 Sukowinangun Magetan, dengan jumlah guru yang didampingi adalah 7, dan metode yang dilaksanakan adalah dengan melakasankan analisisis masalah dan kebutuhan, perencanaan kegiatan, pelaksanaan program, dan evaluasi pendampingan. Hasil: Program workshop dengan materi Identifikasi Perencanaan Proyek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila (P5) di SD berbasis Ekoliterasi telah terlaksana dengan maksimal. Selanjutnya rancangan program dan pendampingan pembuatan Lembar Kerja Siswa pada program ekoliterasi telah diselesaikan.  Target program tercapai di mana tim literasi sekolah membuat rancangan program ekoliterasi selama 1 semester serta menjabarkannya dalam bentuk kegiatan terperinci dilengkapi dengan instrument penguatan pemahaman ekoliterasi. Berdasarkan pendampingan, workshop dan evaluasi yang telah dilaksanakan, dapat diketahui bahwa materi telah tersampaikan dengan baik dan mitra memberikan respon positif atas pelaksanaan.
Maxim Corky and Armenia
Authors:   M. Abegyan Institute of Literature National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Hayryan Zaruhi G.
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted to Russian-Armenian literary interrelations, the development of which, along with outstanding Russian poets-translators, such as V. Bryusov, A. Blok, O. Mandelstam, paid special attention to Maxim Gorky. At the beginning of the 20th century M. Gorky visited Armenia and got acquainted with the Armenian literature (in russian translations), showed deep interest to it, contributing to its further translations. Gorky was completely absorbed in the ancient history and culture of Armenia, as evidenced by his editorial work on the book “Collection of Armenian Literature” (1916), published in St. Petersburg. It also presents assessments of Gorky’s works by such famous Armenian writers, cultural figures as A. Isaakyan, D. Demirchyan, A. Spendiarian, and also translations of Gorky’s works into Armenian.