bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oncolytic adenovirus and doxorubicin‐based chemotherapy results in synergistic antitumor activity against soft‐tissue sarcoma
Authors: Siurala Mikko , Bramante Simona , Vassilev Lotta , Hirvinen Mari , Parviainen Suvi , Tähtinen Siri , Guse Kilian , Cerullo Vincenzo , Kanerva Anna , Kipar Anja , Vähä‐Koskela Markus , Hemminki Akseli
Published: June 2014

Despite originating from several different tissues, soft‐tissue sarcomas (STS) are often grouped together as they share mesenchymal origin and treatment guidelines. Also, with some exceptions, a common denominator is that when the tumor cannot be cured with surgery, the efficacy of current therapies is poor and new treatment modalities are thus needed. We have studied the combination of a capsid‐modified oncolytic adenovirus CGTG‐102 (Ad5/3‐D24‐GMCSF) with doxorubicin, with or without ifosfamide, the preferred first‐line chemotherapeutic options for most types of STS. We show that CGTG‐102 and doxorubicin plus ifosfamide together are able to increase cell killing of Syrian hamster STS cells over single agents, as well as upregulate immunogenic cell death markers. When tested in vivo against established STS tumors in fully immunocompetent Syrian hamsters, the combination was highly effective. CGTG‐102 and doxorubicin (without ifosfamide) resulted in synergistic antitumor efficacy against human STS xenografts in comparison with single agent treatments. Doxorubicin increased adenoviral replication in human and hamster STS cells, potentially contributing to the observed therapeutic synergy. In conclusion, the preclinical data generated here support clinical translation of the combination of CGTG‐102 and doxorubicin, or doxorubicin plus ifosfamide, for the treatment of STS, and provide clues on the mechanisms of synergy.
Sonographic appearance of a cartilaginous cyst from the symphysis pubis mimicking a mass in the urinary bladder
Authors: Lee Han Na , Ahn Sung Eun , Park Ji Seon , Park So Young , Jin Wook , Ryu Kyung Nam
Published: June 2014

A suprapubic cartilaginous cyst from the symphysis pubis is a rare lesion, which may be asymptomatic or cause symptoms such as urinary retention and pelvic pain. It is thought to be secondary to degenerative changes in the symphysis pubis and usually occurs in multiparous women. We report the case of a suprapubic cartilaginous cyst in a 76‐year‐old asymptomatic woman, which mimicked a bladder mass on ultrasonography. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42:562–564, 2014
Viability of olfactory ensheathing cells after hypoxia and serum deprivation: Implication for therapeutic transplantation
Authors: Pellitteri Rosalia , Catania Maria Vincenza , Bonaccorso Carmela Maria , Ranno Eugenia , Dell'Albani Paola , Zaccheo Damiano
Published: June 2014

Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) represent glial cells supporting neuronal turnover in the olfactory system. In vitro, OECs promote axonal growth as a source of neurotrophic growth factors; in vivo, they produce myelin, promoting remyelination of damaged axons. Consequently, OEC transplantation appears to be a promising treatment for spinal cord injury, although the functional recovery is limited. This might be ascribed to the microenvironment at the lesion site, lacking growth factors (GFs), nutrients, and oxygen. To mimic this condition, we used an in vitro approach by growing primary neonatal mouse OECs under hypoxic conditions and/or serum deprivation. In addition, we compared OECs survival/proliferation with that of primary cultures of Schwann cells (SCs) and astrocytes under the same experimental conditions. Cultures were analyzed by immunocytochemistry, and cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. Different GFs, such as NGF, bFGF, and GDNF, and their combination were used to rescue cells from serum and/or oxygen deprivation. We show that the cell types were differently sensitive to the tested stress conditions and that OECs were the most sensitive among them. Moreover, OEC viability was rescued by bFGF under serum‐deprived or hypoxic condition but not under conditions of drastic serum deprivation and hypoxia. bFGF was effective also for the other cell types, whereas the effect of the other GFs was negligible. This model suggests that administration of bFGF might be considered useful to sustain cell survival/proliferation after transplantation of OECs either alone or in combination with other glial cell types. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modelling present and future African climate usingCMIP5scenarios inHadGEM2‐ES
Authors: Dike Victor Nnamdi , Shimizu Marilia Harumi , Diallo Mohamadou , Lin Zhaohui , Nwofor Okechukwu Kelechi , Chineke Theo Chidiezie
Published: June 2014

The present precipitation and temperature patterns and expected future changes (2073–2098) in Africa are investigated using the Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model 2‐Earth System (HadGEM2‐ES) under the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) protocols for historical and future emission scenarios simulations. In a CMIP5 multimodel analysis, the annual cycles of temperature and precipitation simulated by HadGEM2‐ES were very close to the multimodel ensemble mean. HadGEM2‐ES temperature simulation compares well with the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis over the 1979–2004 periods, except for a summer overestimation in Central Africa, and a winter underestimation in tropical West Africa. The precipitation simulation compared well with the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) data from 1979 to 2004 over the entire Africa, except in the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), where the model fails to capture adequately the transition phase of the monsoon circulation. The dry regimes over Northern Africa as well as the wetter regime occurring over Central Africa, which is mainly regulated by the ITCZ displacement, and during the austral summer of Southern Africa, are also fairly reproduced by the HadGEM2‐ES model. The model projects for the end of the 21st century a rainy South Africa, a change of the flood/drought cycle in the Tropics and a warming over the whole continent, varying from 3 to 7 °C. HadGEM2‐ES performance for Nigeria shows good reproduction of precipitation seasonal cycles for some locations, outside the ITCZ. However, the comparison within situmeasurement in Ilorin and Lagos shows the model is not being able to reproduce the precipitation annual cycle. Future projections for Nigeria exhibit warming everywhere and an enhancement of precipitation, especially in the northern part of the country.
The Virtual Simulation: A Tool for Leadership Education in Global Corporations
Authors: Conine Thomas E.
Published: June 2014

Forward‐thinking business leaders have realized the wisdom of staging virtual simulations—team‐based education that can be conducted in a cost‐ and time‐effective manner—to prepare future leaders for the unexpected complexities of operating in a global environment. Though not a replacement for face‐to‐face interaction, virtual simulations can nonetheless mirror a company's real‐life challenges and opportunities and allow employees to learn from and bond with fellow executives, all without the time and expense of travel required for attending an in‐residence program. The experiences of several global leaders—Microsoft, General Electric, Dell, and Stanley Black & Decker—reveal the benefits that organizations can glean from virtual simulations, as well as the best practices for ensuring a successful virtual training program that meets organizational objectives. ©2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Agmon‐type estimates for a class of jump processes
Authors: Klein Markus , Léonard Christian , Rosenberger Elke
Published: June 2014

In the limit we analyse the generators of families of reversible jump processes in associated with a class of symmetric non‐local Dirichlet‐forms and show exponential decay of the eigenfunctions. The exponential rate function is a Finsler distance, given as solution of a certain eikonal equation. Fine results are sensitive to the rate function being or just Lipschitz. Our estimates are analogous to the semiclassical Agmon estimates for differential operators of second order. They generalize and strengthen previous results on the lattice . Although our final interest is in the (sub)stochastic jump process, technically this is a pure analysis paper, inspired by PDE techniques.
Estrogen receptor beta is involved in skeletal muscle hypertrophy induced by the phytoecdysteroid ecdysterone
Authors: Parr Maria Kristina , Zhao Piwen , Haupt Oliver , Ngueu Sandrine Tchoukouegno , Hengevoss Jonas , Fritzemeier Karl Heinrich , Piechotta Marion , Schlörer Nils , Muhn Peter , Zheng Wen‐Ya , Xie Ming‐Yong , Diel Patrick
Published: June 2014

Scope

The phytoectysteroid ecdysterone (Ecdy) was reported to stimulate protein synthesis and enhance physical performance. The aim of this study was to investigate underlying molecular mechanisms particularly the role of ER beta (ERβ).

Results

In male rats, Ecdy treatment increased muscle fiber size, serum IGF‐1 increased, and corticosteron and 17β‐estradiol (E2) decreased. In differentiated C2C12 myoblastoma cells, treatment with Ecdy, dihydrotestosterone, IGF‐1 but also E2 results in hypertrophy. Hypertrophy induced by E2 and Ecdy could be antagonized with an antiestrogen but not by an antiandrogen. In HEK293 cells transfected with ER alpha (ERα) or ERβ, Ecdy treatment transactivated a reporter gene. To elucidate the role of ERβ in Ecdy‐mediated muscle hypertrophy, C2C12 myotubes were treated with ERα (ALPHA) and ERβ (BETA) selective ligands. Ecdy and BETA treatment but not ALPHA induced hypertrophy. The effect of Ecdy, E2, and BETA could be antagonized by an ERβ‐selective antagonist (ANTIBETA). In summary, our results indicate that ERβ is involved in the mediation of the anabolic activity of the Ecdy.

Conclusion

These findings provide new therapeutic perspectives for the treatment of muscle injuries, sarcopenia, and cachectic disease, but also imply that such a substance could be abused for doping purposes.
Caco‐2 accumulation of lutein is greater from human milk than from infant formula despite similar bioaccessibility
Authors: Lipkie Tristan E. , Banavara Dattatreya , Shah Bhavini , Morrow Ardythe L. , McMahon Robert J. , Jouni Zeina E. , Ferruzzi Mario G.
Published: June 2014

Scope

Clinical evidence suggests that the bioavailability of lutein is lower from infant formula than from human milk. The purpose of this study was to assess characteristics of human milk and lutein‐fortified infant formula that may impact carotenoid delivery.

Methods and results

Carotenoid bioaccessibility and intestinal absorption were modeled by in vitro digestion coupled with Caco‐2 human intestinal cell culture. Twelve human milk samples were assessed from 1–6 months postpartum, and 10 lutein‐fortified infant formula samples from three lutein sources in both ready‐to‐use and reconstituted powder forms. The relative bioaccessibility of lutein was not different (p > 0.05) between human milk (29 ± 2%) and infant formula (36 ± 4%). However, lutein delivery was 4.5 times greater from human milk than infant formula when including Caco‐2 accumulation efficiency. Caco‐2 accumulation of lutein was increasingly efficient with decreasing concentration of lutein from milk. Carotenoid bioaccessibility and Caco‐2 accumulation were not affected by lactation stage, total lipid content, lutein source, or form of infant formula (powder vs. liquid).

Conclusion

These data suggest that the bioavailability of carotenoids is greater from human milk than infant formula primarily due to intestinal absorptive processes, and that absorption of lutein is potentiated by factors from human milk especially at low lutein concentration.
Mean magnetic susceptibility regularized susceptibility tensor imaging (MMSR‐STI) for estimating orientations of white matter fibers in human brain
Authors: Li Xu , van Zijl Peter C. M.
Published: June 2014

Purpose

An increasing number of studies show that magnetic susceptibility in white matter fibers is anisotropic and may be described by a tensor. However, the limited head rotation possible for in vivo human studies leads to an ill‐conditioned inverse problem in susceptibility tensor imaging (STI). Here we suggest the combined use of limiting the susceptibility anisotropy to white matter and imposing morphology constraints on the mean magnetic susceptibility (MMS) for regularizing the STI inverse problem.

Methods

The proposed MMS regularized STI (MMSR‐STI) method was tested using computer simulations and in vivo human data collected at 3T. The fiber orientation estimated from both the STI and MMSR‐STI methods was compared to that from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

Results

Computer simulations show that the MMSR‐STI method provides a more accurate estimation of the susceptibility tensor than the conventional STI approach. Similarly, in vivo data show that use of the MMSR‐STI method leads to a smaller difference between the fiber orientation estimated from STI and DTI for most selected white matter fibers.

Conclusion

The proposed regularization strategy for STI can improve estimation of the susceptibility tensor in white matter. Magn Reson Med 72:610–619, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of MRI methods for measuring whole‐brain venous oxygen saturation
Authors: Barhoum Suliman , Rodgers Zachary B. , Langham Michael , Magland Jeremy F. , Li Cheng , Wehrli Felix W.
Published: June 2014

Purpose

In this work, we compare susceptometry‐based oximetry (SBO) and two T2‐based methods for estimating resting baseline SvO2 in the superior sagittal sinus (SSS).

Methods

SBO is a field‐mapping technique whereas in T2‐based methods the intravascular blood signal is isolated either with velocity‐encoded projections [projection‐based T2 (PT2)] or a tag‐control scheme [T2‐relaxation under spin tagging (TRUST)] after T2‐preparation. The measurements were performed on twelve healthy subjects (mean age = 33 ± 6 years) at 3 Tesla field strength. The reliability, precision, and reproducibility were examined for the three techniques.

Results

The mean (± standard deviation) SvO2 quantified by SBO, PT2, and TRUST were found to be 65.9 ± 3.3, 65.6 ± 3.5, and 63.2 ± 4.1%. The standard deviation (SD) for 10 consecutive measurements in the quantified SvO2 was less than 2.7%, 4.7%, and 5.0% for SBO, PT2, and TRUST across all subjects. In testing reproducibility across different days, the resulting SDs were 2.6, 3.5, and 2.0% for SBO, PT2, and TRUST.

Conclusion

The results indicate that all three SvO2 quantification techniques to be reliable with good agreement between PT2 and SBO while TRUST yielded slightly lower values compared with the other two techniques. Magn Reson Med 73:2122–2128, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Accurate field mapping in the presence of B0 inhomogeneities, applied to MR thermometry
Authors: Mei Chang‐Sheng , Chu Renxin , Hoge W. Scott , Panych Lawrence P. , Madore Bruno
Published: June 2014

Purpose

To describe how B0 inhomogeneities can cause errors in proton resonance frequency (PRF) shift thermometry, and to correct for these errors.

Methods

With PRF thermometry, measured phase shifts are converted into temperature measurements through the use of a scaling factor proportional to the echo time, TE. However, B0 inhomogeneities can deform, spread, and translate MR echoes, potentially making the “true” echo time vary spatially within the imaged object and take on values that differ from the prescribed TE value. Acquisition and reconstruction methods able to avoid or correct for such errors are presented.

Results

Tests were performed in a gel phantom during sonication, and temperature measurements were made with proper shimming as well as with intentionally introduced B0 inhomogeneities. Errors caused by B0 inhomogeneities were observed, described, and corrected by the proposed methods. No statistical difference was found between the corrected results and the reference results obtained with proper shimming, while errors by more than 10% in temperature elevation were corrected for. The approach was also applied to an abdominal in vivo dataset.

Conclusion

Field variations induce errors in measured field values, which can be detected and corrected. The approach was validated for a PRF thermometry application. Magn Reson Med 73:2142–2151, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Changes in the volume, power and nutritional quality of foods marketed to children on television in Canada
Authors: Potvin Kent Monique , Martin Cherie L. , Kent Emily A.
Published: June 2014

Objective

To evaluate the self‐regulatory Children's Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative pre‐ and post‐implementation in terms of volume of marketing, marketing techniques, and nutritional quality of foods marketed to children on television.

Methods

Data for 11 food categories for May 2006 and 2011 were purchased from Nielsen Media Research for two children's specialty channels in Toronto. A content analysis of food advertisements examining the volume and marketing techniques was undertaken. Nutritional information on each advertisement was collected and comparisons were made between 2006 and 2011.

Results

The volume of ads aired by Canadian Children's Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative (CAI) companies on children's specialty channels decreased by 24% between 2006 and 2011; however, children and teens were targeted significantly more, and spokes‐characters and licensed characters were used more frequently in 2011 compared to 2006. The overall nutritional quality of CAI advertisements remains unchanged between 2006 and 2011.

Conclusion

There are clear weaknesses in the self‐regulatory system in Canada. Food advertising needs to be regulated to protect the health of Canadian children.
Ewing sarcoma inhibition by disruption of EWSR1–FLI1 transcriptional activity and reactivation of p53
Authors: van der Ent Wietske , Jochemsen Aart G , Teunisse Amina FAS , Krens SF Gabriel , Szuhai Karoly , Spaink Herman P , Hogendoorn Pancras CW , Snaar‐Jagalska B Ewa
Published: June 2014

Translocations involving ETS‐transcription factors, most commonly leading to the EWSR1–FLI1 fusion protein, are the hallmark of Ewing sarcoma. Despite knowledge of this driving molecular event, an effective therapeutic strategy is lacking. To test potential treatment regimes, we established a novel Ewing sarcoma zebrafish engraftment model allowing time‐effective, dynamic quantification of Ewing sarcoma progression and tumour burden in vivo, applicable for screening of single and combined compounds. In Ewing sarcoma the tumour‐suppressor gene TP53 is commonly found to be wild‐type, thus providing an attractive target for treatment. Here, we study TP53 wild‐type (EW7, CADO‐ES1 and TC32) and TP53‐deleted (SK‐N‐MC) Ewing sarcoma cell lines to investigate the potentiating effect of p53 reactivation by Nutlin‐3 on treatment with YK‐4‐279 to block transcriptional activity of EWSR1–FLI1 protein. Blocking EWSR1–FLI1 transcriptional activity reduced Ewing sarcoma tumour cell burden irrespective of TP53 status. We show that simultaneous YK‐4‐279 treatment with Nutlin‐3 to stabilize p53 resulted in an additive inhibition of TP53 wild‐type Ewing sarcoma cell burden, whilst not affecting TP53‐deleted Ewing sarcoma cells. Improved inhibition of proliferation and migration by combinatorial treatment was confirmed in vivo by zebrafish engraftments. Mechanistically, both compounds together additively induced apoptosis of tumour cells in vivo by engaging distinct pathways. We propose reactivation of the p53 pathway in combination with complementary targeted therapy by EWSR1–FLI1 transcriptional activity disruption as a valuable strategy against p53 wild‐type Ewing sarcoma. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and performance of sulfonated polysulfone flat ultrafiltration membranes
Authors: Liu Zhen , Bai Yang , Sun Daobao , Xiao Changfa , Zhang Yufeng
Published: June 2014

Sulfonated polysulfone (SPSF) flat ultrafiltration membranes were successfully prepared by immersion precipitation phase inversion method. N‐Methyl pyrrolidone was used as a solvent, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was used as a polymeric additive in the casting solution. The effects of casting solution formulation and preparation conditions on membrane structure and properties were investigated in present study, and the morphology of the membranes was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that the performances of SPSF membranes made by chemical modification were better than polysulfone membrane. The SPSF concentration played a vital role in restricting the pure water flux (PWF), promoting the rejection coefficient, and improving the hydrophilicity. A maximum PWF and minimum egg albumin rejection coefficient were obtained when the PVP content was 10%. When the coagulation bath temperature was set to 25°C, the PWF reached 480 L·m−2·h−1 and the ovalbumin rejection coefficient reached 92%. Longer evaporation times improved the PWF. Specifically, when the evaporation time was 70 s, the comprehensive performance was good. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:1003–1011, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers
Targeted proteomics of myofilament phosphorylation and other protein posttranslational modifications
Authors: Ramirez‐Correa Genaro A. , Martinez‐Ferrando Maria Isabel , Zhang Pingbo , Murphy Anne M.
Published: June 2014

Global cardiac myofilament protein phosphorylation levels, and their site‐specific stoichiometry, are physiologically and clinically relevant for heart function. Unlike myofilament phosphorylation, other PTMs such as O‐GlcNAcylation are just beginning to gain attention due to their potential physiological and clinical implications. This review will focus on what is currently known about cardiac troponin I phosphorylation, and on the potential physiological and clinical impact of targeted proteomics including new findings on cardiac troponin I sites and stoichiometry. We will then discuss the increasing recognition of other myofilament PTMs functional relevance and the potential of targeted MS approaches, particularly MRM, for accelerating their systematic characterization. In addition, we will broadly discuss the development and application of MRM to quantitatively assess site‐specific PTMs. Finally, we will give an overview of expert's consensus on MRM methods design/validation and best practices to develop MRM assays intended to reach clinical application. The unique ability of MRM and similar methods to identify and quantify cardiac myofilament PTMs is likely to become central in answering important biological questions in the field of cardiac integrative physiology.
Label‐free proteomic analysis of red blood cell membrane fractions from abdominal aortic aneurysm patients
Authors: Martinez‐Pinna Roxana , Burillo Elena , Madrigal‐Matute Julio , Lopez Juan Antonio , Camafeita Emilio , Torres‐Fonseca Monica Maria , Llamas‐Granda Patricia , Egido Jesus , Michel Jean‐Baptiste , Blanco‐Colio Luis Miguel , Martin‐Ventura Jose Luis
Published: June 2014

Purpose

To test whether red blood cell (RBC) membrane composition is modified in abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) patients.

Experimental design

RBC membrane extracts from AAA patients (aortic diameter >3 cm, n = 7) and control subjects (n = 4) were analyzed by a label‐free quantitative MS‐based strategy, using spectral count data. Additional validation was performed by western‐blot.

Results

Data analysis based on spectral count from MS/MS‐based experiments provided us a signature of 39 proteins differentially expressed in RBC membranes between AAA and controls (changes equal/over 1.515‐fold; p‐values equal/lower 0.05). MS data revealed altered levels of structural membrane proteins (e.g. spectrins and ankyrin), components of the degradation machinery (proteasome subunits), and oxidative stress related proteins (e.g. catalase and peroxiredoxin‐2) among others. Decreased catalase and peroxiredoxin‐2 expression in RBC membrane of AAA patients compared to controls were further validated by Western blot, confirming the proteomic results.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

RBCs membrane protein composition is altered in AAA patients, which could be involved in the pathological role of RBCs in aortic tissue and become potential targets to prevent AAA progression.
Identification of cardiac myofilament protein isoforms using multiple mass spectrometry based approaches
Authors: Kooij Viola , Venkatraman Vidya , Kirk Jonathan A. , Ubaida‐Mohien Ceereena , Graham David R. , Faber Matthijs J. , Van Eyk Jennifer E.
Published: June 2014

Purpose

The identification of protein isoforms in complex biological samples is challenging. We, therefore, used an MS approach to unambiguously identify cardiac myofilament protein isoforms based on the observation of a tryptic peptide consisting of a sequence unique to a particular isoform.

Experimental design

Three different workflows were used to isolate and fractionate rat cardiac myofilament subproteomes. All fractions were analyzed on an LTQ‐Orbitrap MS, proteins were identified using various search engines (MASCOT, X!Tandem, X!Tandem Kscore, and OMSSA) with results combined via PepArML Meta‐Search engine, and a postsearch analysis was performed by MASPECTRAS. All MS data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD000874 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD000874).

Results

The combination of multiple workflows and search engines resulted in a larger number of nonredundant proteins identified than with individual methods. A total of 102 myofilament annotated proteins were observed overlapping in two or three of the workflows. Literature search for myofilament presence with manual validation of the MS spectra was carried out for unambiguous identification: ten cardiac myofilament and 17 cardiac myofilament‐associated proteins were identified with 39 isoforms and subisoforms.

Conclusion and clinical relevance

We have identified multiple isoforms of myofilament proteins that are present in cardiac tissue using unique tryptic peptides. Changes in distribution of these protein isoforms under pathological conditions could ultimately allow for clinical diagnostics or as therapeutic targets.
Polchinski's equation for group field theory
Authors: Krajewski T. , Toriumi R.
Published: June 2014

We derive an exact renormalization group equation in the context of (colored) group field theories. This equation describes the variation of the effective action as some of the modes of the fields are integrated out. From a combinatorial point of view, the effective action can be expressed using a boundary triangulation and the corresponding renormalization group equation identifies some of its simplexes,

image

In group field theory, terms in the effective action are parametrized by spin networks, while the group field theory Feynman graphs correspond to spin foams. This provides a formulation of group field theories that only involves boundary graphs.
To What Extent do Neighbouring Populations Affect Local Population Growth Over Time?
Authors: Han Mengjie , Håkansson Johan , Rönnegård Lars
Published: June 2014

This study covers a period when society changed from a pre‐industrial agricultural society to a post‐industrial service‐producing society. Parallel with this social transformation, major population changes took place. In this study, we analyse to what extent local population change is affected by neighbouring populations. To do this, we focused on the last 190 years of local population change that redistributed population in Sweden. We used literature to identify several different processes in the population redistribution. The different processes implied different spatial dependencies between local population change and the surrounding populations. The analysis is based on an unchanged historical parish division, and we used an index of local spatial correlation to describe different types of spatial dependencies that influenced the redistribution of the population. To control inherent time dependencies, we introduced a non‐separable spatial‐temporal correlation model into the analysis of population redistribution. Hereby, several different spatial dependencies could be simultaneously observed over time. The main conclusions are that while local population changes have been highly dependent on neighbouring populations in the 19th century, this spatial dependence became insignificant already when two parishes are separated by 5 km in the late 20th century. It is argued that the only process that significantly redistributed the population at the end of the 20th century is the immigration to Sweden. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highly Skilled Migrant Workers and the UK Business Cycle
Authors: Vargas‐Silva Carlos
Published: June 2014

This article explores the labour market dynamics of three groups of highly skilled foreign nationals in the UK: non‐European Union (EU), Old EU (i.e. nationals of the other 14 countries that were members of the EU before 2004), and A8 (i.e. countries that joined the EU in 2004 with the exception of Malta and Cyprus). In particular, the article explores the impact of the UK business cycle on the labour market outcomes of these three groups and compares that impact with the one for highly skilled British nationals. Key findings include the following: (1) there is more evidence about the business cycle having an impact on employment and unemployment outcomes for those highly skilled workers who have greater access to the UK labour market and welfare system (i.e. British, Old EU, and A8 nationals); and (2) better economic conditions relate to a higher probability of self‐employment for British nationals and to a lower probability of self‐employment for A8 nationals. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Construction of Orthogonal Nearly Latin Hypercubes
Authors: Steinberg David M. , Lin Dennis
Published: June 2014

Orthogonal Latin hypercubes (OLHs) are available for only a limited collection of run sizes. This paper presents a simple algorithm for constructing orthogonal designs that are nearly Latin hypercubes. The algorithm is based on the approach developed by Steinberg and Lin for OLH designs and can generate designs for all run sizes for which a Plackett‐Burman design exists. The designs have good univariate projections, although they are not perfectly uniform. They also provide good spatial coverage in higher dimensions. The great gain in sample size flexibility requires just a small sacrifice in the univariate spread of points. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Penalized Wrapper Method for Screening Main Effects and Interactions in Supersaturated Designs
Authors: Koukouvinos C. , Parpoula C.
Published: June 2014

Supersaturated designs (SSDs) are defined as fractional factorial designs whose experimental run size is smaller than the number of main effects to be estimated. The main goal using the class of SSDs is to identify the important effects efficiently, that is, at a minimal computational cost and time. Several methods for analyzing SSDs have been proposed in recent literature. While most of the literature on SSDs has focused on main effects models, the analysis of such designs involving models with interactions has not been developed to a great extent. In this paper, we attempt to relate several penalty and loss functions with support vector machines, with one main goal in mind, screening active effects in SSDs. In this spirit, we propose a penalized wrapper screening method for identifying in one stage the important main effects and two‐factor interactions of two‐level SSDs, by assuming generalized linear models. We also carry out simulation studies and a real data analysis to assess the performance of the proposed screening procedure, showing that the proposed method works satisfactorily. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel mechanism for anonymizing Global System for Mobile Communications calls using a resource‐based Session Initiation Protocol community network
Authors: Psaroudakis Ioannis , Katos Vasilios , Efraimidis Pavlos S.
Published: June 2014

Considering the widespread adoption of smartphones in mobile communications and the well‐established resource sharing use in the networking community, we present a novel mechanism to achieve anonymity in the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). We propose a Voice over Internet Protocol infrastructure using the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) where a smartphone registers on a SIP registrar and can start GSM conversation through another smartphone acting as a GSM gateway, by using a SIP intermediate without an extra cost. The testbed that we developed for empirical evaluation revealed no significant quality of service degradation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The accuracy and precision of the advanced Poisson dead‐time correction and its importance for multivariate analysis of high mass resolution ToF‐SIMS data
Authors: Tyler Bonnie J.
Published: June 2014

Time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) data collected in single ion counting mode suffers from dead‐time effects that lead to potentially confusing artefacts when common multivariate analysis (MVA) methods are applied to the data. These artefacts can be eliminated by applying an advanced Poisson dead‐time correction that accounts for the signal intensity in the dead‐time window preceding each time channel. Because this correction is nonlinear, it changes the noise distribution in the data. In this work, the accuracy of this dead‐time correction and the noise characteristics of the corrected data have been analysed for spectra with small numbers of primary ion pulses. A simple but accurate equation for estimating the standard deviation in the advanced dead‐time corrected data has been developed. Based on these results, a scaling procedure to enable successful MVA of advanced dead‐time corrected ToF‐SIMS data has been developed. The improvements made possible by using the advanced dead‐time correction and our recommended scaling are presented for principal components analysis of a ToF‐SIMS image of aerosol particles on polytetrafluoroethylene. Recommendations are made for using the advanced dead time correction and scaling ToF‐SIMS data in order optimize the outcomes of MVA. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Symbolic Interaction and Applied Social Research: A Focus on Translational Science
Authors: Kotarba Joseph A.
Published: June 2014

In symbolic interaction, a traditional yet unfortunate and unnecessary distinction has been made between basic and applied research. The argument has been made that basic research is intended to generate new knowledge, whereas applied research is intended to apply knowledge to the solution of practical (social and organizational) problems. I will argue that the distinction between basic and applied research in symbolic interaction is outdated and dysfunctional. The masters of symbolic interactionist thought have left us a proud legacy of shaping their scholarly thinking and inquiry in response to and in light of practical issues of the day (e.g., Park and Blumer). Current interactionist work continues this tradition in topical areas such as social justice studies. Applied research, especially in term of evaluation and needs assessment studies, can be designed to serve both basic and applied goals. Symbolic interaction provides three great resources to do this. The first is its orientation to dynamic sensitizing concepts that direct research and ask questions instead of supplying a priori and often impractical answers. The second is its orientation to qualitative methods, and appreciation for the logic of grounded theory. The third is interactionism's overall holistic approach to interfacing with the everyday life world. The primary illustrative case here is the qualitative component of the evaluation of an National Institutes of Health‐funded, translational medical research program. The qualitative component has provided interactionist‐inspired insights into translational research, such as examining cultural change in medical research in terms of changes in the form and content of formal and informal discourse among scientists; delineating the impact of significant symbols such as “my lab” on the social organization of science; and appreciating the essence of the self‐concept “scientist” on the increasingly bureaucratic and administrative identities of medical researchers. This component has also contributed to the basic social scientific literature on complex organizations and the self.
Time‐interval analysis of ductus venosus flow velocity waveforms in twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome treated with laser surgery
Authors: Tachibana D. , Glosemeyer P. , Diehl W. , Nakagawa K. , Wada N. , Kurihara Y. , Fukui M. , Koyama M. , Hecher K.
Published: June 2014

Objectives

To investigate time‐interval variables of ductus venosus (DV) flow velocity waveforms (FVWs) in twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), comparing the results with reference ranges from normal singleton fetuses. The impact of laser surgery and the effect of prognostic factors were also evaluated.

Methods

In 107 TTTS cases, DV‐FVWs of both recipients and donors were recorded 1 day before and 2 days after laser therapy. Time intervals for systolic (S) and early diastolic (D) peaks were analyzed retrospectively with regard to acceleration time (acc‐S and acc‐D for S and D, respectively) and deceleration time (dec‐S and dec‐D for S and D, respectively). For each variable, Z‐scores were calculated with respect to previously reported normal reference ranges.

Results

Z‐scores for all variables showed statistically significant differences from those observed previously in normal fetuses, with the exception of dec‐S of donors. The most striking differences were observed in longer dec‐S of recipients (P < 0.001) and longer dec‐D of donors (P < 0.001). Laser therapy showed significant impact on dec‐S and acc‐D in recipients and on all variables in donors. Regarding the short‐term prognosis, acc‐S and dec‐S showed significant differences for the prediction of intrauterine fetal demise in donors (P = 0.009 and P = 0.011, respectively).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that time‐interval variables of DV‐FVWs may differentiate the characteristic hemodynamic changes caused by unbalanced blood volume between recipients and donors. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
The future of emissions trading
Authors: Meckling Jonas
Published: June 2014

Over the past 15 years, carbon markets have been set up by private and public actors at various geographic scales and with varying financial scope. The history of the early stage of carbon markets reveals a mixed record: the instrument diffused widely across the globe, while existing carbon markets performed rather slow, though anecdotal evidence suggests positive side effects on climate policymaking. Going forward, three key driving forces are likely to shape the future of emissions trading: (1) the source and sustainability of political demand for climate action in general and carbon markets in particular, (2) the governance of operating carbon markets including questions of bureaucratic capacity and regulatory capture, and (3) the pattern of market globalization, which encompasses issues of carbon price comparability, market linkage, and expansion. Depending on how these driving forces and fault lines play out, a number of scenarios are possible, ranging from strongly embedded and effective carbon markets to their collapse. The trajectory to any one of these scenarios could be characterized by tipping points, which are likely to come about incrementally. WIREs Clim Change 2014, 5:569–576. doi: 10.1002/wcc.293

This article is categorized under:

Climate Economics > Economics of Mitigation

The Carbon Economy and Climate Mitigation > Policies, Instruments, Lifestyles, Behavior

Policy and Governance > Multilevel and Transnational Climate Change Governance
Inborn errors of purine metabolism: clinical update and therapies
Authors: Balasubramaniam Shanti , Duley John A. , Christodoulou John
Published: June 2014

Inborn errors of purine metabolism exhibit broad neurological, immunological, haematological and renal manifestations. Limited awareness of the phenotypic spectrum, the recent descriptions of newer disorders and considerable genetic heterogeneity, have contributed to long diagnostic odysseys for affected individuals. These enzymes are widely but not ubiquitously distributed in human tissues and are crucial for synthesis of essential nucleotides, such as ATP, which form the basis of DNA and RNA, oxidative phosphorylation, signal transduction and a range of molecular synthetic processes. Depletion of nucleotides or accumulation of toxic intermediates contributes to the pathogenesis of these disorders. Maintenance of cellular nucleotides depends on the three aspects of metabolism of purines (and related pyrimidines): de novo synthesis, catabolism and recycling of these metabolites. At present, treatments for the clinically significant defects of the purine pathway are restricted: purine 5′‐nucleotidase deficiency with uridine; familial juvenile hyperuricaemic nephropathy (FJHN), adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT) deficiency, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) deficiency and phosphoribosyl‐pyrophosphate synthetase superactivity (PRPS) with allopurinol; adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) deficiencies have been treated by bone marrow transplantation (BMT), and ADA deficiency with enzyme replacement with polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐ADA, or erythrocyte‐encapsulated ADA; myeloadenylate deaminase (MADA) and adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) deficiencies have had trials of oral ribose; PRPS, HPRT and adenosine kinase (ADK) deficiencies with S‐adenosylmethionine; and molybdenum cofactor deficiency of complementation group A (MOCODA) with cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate (cPMP). In this review we describe the known inborn errors of purine metabolism, their phenotypic presentations, established diagnostic methodology and recognised treatment options.
Interaction of a Novel Anionic Gemini Surfactant Containing a Triazine Ring with Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Hu Zhiyong , Wang Liqiong , Guo Jianfeng , Cao Duanlin , Chang Jing , Fan Li
Published: June 2014

The interaction between a novel anionic gemini surfactant containing a triazine ring, denoted as C8‐G, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) has been investigated in aqueous solution. The surface tension vs log. molar concentration plots of the individual surfactants and their mixtures were measured at different temperatures (298, 303, 308, and 313 K) by the drop volume method. The surface properties and the interaction parameters of the adsorption monolayer and the mixed micelle were obtained from the plot. The results showed that the CMC of the C8‐G/CTAB mixture reached a minimum value of 3.20 × 10−5 mol/L when αG (the mole fraction of C8‐G in the mixed system) was 0.7 at 308 K, and the minimum γCMC was 28.1 mN/m obtained for the molar ratio of 0.9 at 308 K. Interaction between the two components was strongest () when αG was 0.7 at 303 K. All the C8‐G/CTAB mixtures exhibited synergism in both surface tension reduction efficiency and mixed micelle formation except when the mole fraction of C8‐G (αG) was 0.1, 0.5 and 0.9 at 313 K, and became greatest for the molar ratio of 0.7 at 303 K. The C8‐G/CTAB mixtures exhibited synergism in surface tension reduction effectiveness for all the complex ratios at 303 K, αG = 0.1, 0.3, 0.9 at 308 K and αG = 0.7 at 313 K, whereas the other surfactant mixtures did not show this synergism.
Catalytic Production of 1‐Octadecanol from Octadecanoic Acid by Hydrotreating in a Plug Flow Reactor
Authors: Potts Thomas M. , Durant Keiron , Hestekin Jamie , Beitle Robert , Ackerson Michael
Published: June 2014

1‐Octadecanol (stearic alcohol) has uses ranging from lubricants to perfumes. The production of 1‐octadecanol from octadecanoic acid (stearic acid) was investigated in a liquid‐phase trickle‐bed reactor by hydrogenating octadecanoic acid using a Ni/Co/Mo sulfide catalyst. The primary reactions occurring in the reactor were the desired conversion of octadecanoic acid to 1‐octadecanol and the subsequent undesired conversion of 1‐octadecanol to octadecane. A model was developed to predict these two reactions. The model found to be most useful for this system was a series–parallel reaction first order in octadecanoic acid and 1‐octadecanol and pseudo‐zero order in hydrogen for both reactions. The activation energies of the first and second reactions were 63.7.8 and 45.6 kJ/mol, respectively. From these values, the conversion of octadecanoic acid and the selectivity to the desired product as functions of temperature, space velocity, and inlet octadecanoic acid concentration were estimated. The model predicts the maximum productivity of 1‐octadecanol occurs at higher temperatures with short residence times. Parametric plots show productivity to be ≥0.48 g 1‐octadecanol/g octadecanoic acid at 566 °F and a 0.1 h residence time.
Zur Quantifizierung von Reurbanisierungstendenzen
Authors: Matthes Gesa
Published: June 2014

This paper deals with spatial processes of demographic change in the city and the region of Hamburg by using official statistics. It aims to answer the questions if there is a stable (re)concentration of population in transport-reducing settlement structures, i.e. functionally mixed quarters that are easily accessible by public transport, and if a new preference for living in cities can be observed. Knowing that it is actually possible to measure reurbanization in Hamburg applying common concepts, the paper analyses patterns of migration in a more detailed way. This reveals that the growing population within the city and the concentration of population in the core mainly result from two developments: inter-regional migration grows (mainly from other cities into the core) and the cityʼs residents move less often to the outskirts. The inner-regional processes of population change result from a changed migration behavior of persons over the age of 30 as well as children and cohort effects of the over 45-year-olds, whereas a changed behavior of young professionals and students (18- to 29-year-olds) causes the growing inter-regional exchange. The findings support existing theses regarding the reasons for reurbanization. Notably the thesis that the group of aged persons supports reurbanization can be observed in the quantitative data.
Aresenopyrite–pyrite paragenesis in gold deposits (thermodynamic modeling)
Authors: Vilor N.V. , Kaz’min L.A. , Pavlova L.A.
Published: June 2014

The compositions of parageneses including arsenopyrite (Asp), pyrite (Py), and As-pyrite (As-Py) have been calculated by the solution of primal physicochemical modeling problems. The numerical models for the interaction of Py matrix with hydrothermal solution saturated with Asp are considered for three variants of the solution penetration into the Py matrix: percolation, spreading, and tightening at 100-300 °C and 300 bars. It is shown that Asp forms in the zone of an ore column where fluid (solution) is predominant, with the Py matrix being replaced independently of the type of the solution transfer. Prevailing As and Fe complexes are considered. The calculated models for the three types of interaction show that the redox potential in the solution varies from –0.055 V at the ends of the Asp-containing ore column to –0.55 V in its central zone. This difference makes an electrochemical geochemical barrier at the interface, where metallic gold is deposited with Asp–Py ores.