bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Unity in Diversity?”
Authors: Bradfield Shelley‐Jean
Published: January 2013

The public television endeavor in South Africa to translate a multicultural ideology into programming addresses the plurality of citizen‐viewers in the country through the stipulation of language and local content quotas, among other corporate objectives. But the way women negotiate television's attempts to reproduce a shared sense of national identity and the manner in which they view television as a means to participate in the national public sphere have not yet been assessed. This chapter intervenes by investigating the heterogeneous manner in which audiences utilize global
and
local programming in their identification as national subjects. First, white women offer an antagonistic response by distancing themselves from nation‐building rhetoric and by expressing preferences for programming from other national contexts. Second, older black women collaborate by identifying with programming on television that they believe addresses issues of the nation directly. And, finally, a mixed racial and ethnic group of women demonstrate more ambivalent or critical responses to programming designed to bring people together around national concerns. The paradoxical responses of women to national programming suggest the exclusive qualities of the lived experience of multiculturalism versus the imagined success of the televised national project.
Participation Beyond Production
Authors: Rauch Jennifer
Published: January 2013

In an era of “social media” technologies, instrumental goals such as networking, organizing, and information‐sharing hold great sway over the study of activist culture. Researchers often conceptualize activists' media use as participation in message production and dissemination, while overlooking practices related to reception and interpretation – that is, activists asaudiences. In this chapter I propose that the moments in which activists engage with media as listeners, readers, and viewers are just as interesting to scholarship as those in which people create and/or share media relevant to activism. By shifting some emphasis from the transmission mode of activists' media use to the ritual or symbolic dimension, we can better understand how media habits help sustain activist identities and a sense of belonging, which serves as a precursor to participation. I also assert the importance of low‐tech media, face‐to‐face communication, and offline participation among such audiences, whose members aim to connect mediated activities with real‐world ones, and identify some social limitations in technological activism. The chapter concludes by suggesting avenues for future study that explore why activists choose to receive certain messages and how ritual contributes to people getting and staying involved with activist communities.
Cultivation Theory
Authors: Van den Bulck Jan
Published: January 2013

Cultivation theory was developed by George Gerbner of the Annenberg School for Communication and his colleagues in the late 1960s. The theory argues that by overemphasizing certain aspects of social reality (such as violent crime) and underrepresenting other aspects, television drama affects people's perceptions of reality. Even though it has attracted a lot of criticism, it is one of the three most generative theories in the field of communication research. In recent years much attention has focused on the study of psychological processes. This chapter argues that there are many challenges cultivation theory will face in the coming years. Both the fact that television viewing behavior is changing rapidly and the fact that only small relationships have been found need methodological attention. Developing a sociological theory of the long‐term impact of television stories on culture and socialization may be the way forward.
Framing and Priming Effects
Authors: Scheufele Bertram T. , Scheufele Dietram A.
Published: January 2013

This chapter provides an overview of cognitive media effects and processes in the field of political communication. We examine the central role that accessibility‐based and applicability‐based models, such as priming and framing, have played in refining our understanding of communication effects at different levels of analysis. We then outline the theoretical and methodological challenges of such multi‐level or cross‐level approaches. In particular, we first present a formal blueprint for a multi‐level model of media effects. Based on this overview, we discuss framing and priming effects at the micro‐level. Here, we integrate disciplinary literatures especially from psychology and communication, and distinguish the theoretical promises underlying accessibility and applicability based models of media effects. Furthermore, we outline different forms of framing and priming effects on meso‐ and macro‐level units. Finally, the cross‐sectional challenges of modeling multi‐level media framing and priming effects are discussed.
PoliticalTVAdvertising and Debates
Authors: Benoit William L. , Henson Jayne R.
Published: January 2013

This essay begins by justifying the importance of two particular forms of political campaign communication, TV advertising spots and debates. Advertising spots and debates are two especially prominent forms of messaging in political campaigns and there is extensive research evidence regarding their role and the outcomes associated with each. Thus we sketch the nature of these key campaign message forms, focusing on the two dimensions of functions and topics. Then we discuss the historic controversy over minimal effects. This leads to a discussion of the effects of these important message forms, which is based on meta‐analyses of these media.
Effects of Social Marketing
Authors: Basil Michael D.
Published: January 2013

Many efforts to improve people's health behaviors have employed communication campaigns. A related approach, but more extensive, termed “social marketing,” applies commercial marketing methods to health and other social goals by trying to shape people's behaviors through facilitation and reward. Social marketing is limited by existing beliefs, social forces and other structural factors, and to the extent that we cannot develop viable products or solutions, it cannot really be employed.
Using Message Framing in Health‐Related Persuasion
Authors: Nan Xiaoli
Published: January 2013

This chapter provides a review of theory and evidence concerning the relative persuasiveness of gain‐ versus loss‐framed messages in health contexts, with particular attention to research surrounding proposed moderators of message framing effects, including type of health behavior advocated, message recipients' involvement with the health issue and approach/avoidance tendency, and desirability of the end‐state emphasized in the message. The review suggests that several theoretical perspectives including prospect theory, dual‐process theories, and regulatory focus theory have been used to explain message framing effects. It is argued that there has been a lack of effort to integrate the different theoretical perspectives into a broader framework based on which the relative effects of message framing can be understood. The chapter concludes with an assessment of the current state of research and directions for future studies.
Prosocial TV Content
Authors: Mares Marie‐Louise
Published: January 2013

Two meta‐analyses of the early research on prosocial effects of TV viewing suggest the possibility for positive effects, but also reveal a lack of systematic research into how best to achieve desired outcomes. Since then, the question has gained more social relevance because of a renewed international interest in using television to reduce prejudice and foster prosocial interactions, and because of the proliferation of programs in the United States that purport to teach socioemotional lessons. Research by Narvaez and others on comprehension of written texts suggests that there are important cognitive and moral schema developments that affect how children process moral messages. It is a central argument of the chapter that the same issues of interpretation and misinterpretation arise with prosocial television content. The latter part of the chapter focuses on the challenges of using TV as a tool for promoting inclusive attitudes, and a series of recommendations about how to increase the probability of positive outcomes.
Media Studies
Authors: Valdivia Angharad N. , Lovink Geert
Published: January 2013

According to Geert Lovink, there is no such thing as a “visual culture” that connects film, television, video, and new media. In this chapter, he argues that this mistaken belief has led to the naïve notion that we are all working on the same project, “the media.” In fact, Lovink argues, humanities‐based “media studies” has never had a grip on new media and Internet education. The idea that media are all about images is contradicted by the reality of computers that run on code. A deep institutional confusion holds that new media are ultimately subordinate to the old content‐based broadcasting industries and their outdated revenue models. This essay argues for a long overdue goodbye to the convergence tendencies within media studies departments in favor of full autonomy of new media initiatives. The purpose of critical research into digital technologies is not to rescue the film and broadcasting industries but to develop concepts for the ever‐expanding digital realm itself.
Mobile Handsets From The Bottom Up
Authors: Valdivia Angharad N. , Wallis Cara , Qiu Jack Linchuan , Ling Rich
Published: January 2013

This chapter provides a general mapping of grassroots practices associated with an alternative mobile handset culture that has emerged from the bottom up in the Global South. The authors highlight the social, economic, and institutional factors – in local as well as transnational contexts – that have contributed to “flexible” handsets and grassroots practices within this alternative model of social innovation. Drawing upon theories of user appropriation, they discuss three factors – economic constraints, flexible manufacturing, and cultures of tinkering – that have led to innovative handset production, consumption, and circulation. They then outline a general taxonomy of alternative, or flexible, handsets that includes used, refurbished,shanzhai(“bandit”), and counterfeit phones. They also discuss the importance of other cultural, social, and demographic factors – including age, gender, and locality – and show how various types of relationships – at the familial, peer, community, national, and even international level – sustain and are sustained by this multi‐tiered handset ecology. Though the authors pay particular attention to China, such bottom‐up innovation takes place in diverse contexts across the globe. In focusing especially on the information have‐less (Qiu, 2009)– those with limited economic and social power in society – this chapter disrupts conventional notions of who holds authority in technology design and usage.
Preemption, Premediation, Prediction
Authors: Elmer Greg , Opel Andy
Published: January 2013

In this chapter, Greg Elmer and Andy Opel discuss the preoccupation with the future, and the aim to forecast and control it in advance, through an analysis of the predictive, preemptive logic of “futures markets.” While futures markets are typically associated with speculation about future economic value, their predictive logic has also been applied in attempts to determine particular kinds of social and political outcomes, most famously in the attempt to create “terrorism futures markets” in the United States. The authors examine the forms of subjectivation that animate futures markets – the means by which certain individuals are accredited to participate in and thereby legitimize futures market metrics. In light of the global financial meltdown of 2008, they consider whether futures markets and their accompanying forms of subjectivation are systematically undermining democratic institutions, systems, and processes worldwide. Elmer and Opel's chapter offers an innovative and compelling approach to understanding media temporality, the financial logic permeating politics, and the reorientation of subjective action around futures and speculation.
From Audiences to Media Subjectivities
Authors: Bratich Jack Z.
Published: January 2013

In this chapter, Jack Bratich argues that, even as “the audience” is in crisis in the digital media era, we can still learn much from examining the construction of that audience. The audience itself is a convergence of discursive problematizations of what Bratich calls “media subjectivities.” This chapter explores a number of these problematizations in order to extract the specific dynamics of “the audience” that are still relevant, including relations between individuality and collectivity, activity and reactivity, composition and organization. Ultimately, Bratich argues, audience studies reaches a limit with the emergence of interactivity, but a limit that allows us to productively mine the past for new ways of thinking about media subjectivities.
South Asian Digital Diasporas
Authors: Gajjala Radhika , Oh Yeon Ju
Published: January 2013

Some present‐day rearticulations of South Asian diasporas are identified through the politics of nation‐state, while others take shape through more complex transnational linkages. In this chapter, Radhika Gajjala and Yeon Ju Oh focus on diasporas that have formed along transnational affective links based in fandom, popular culture, and music online. For these rearticulated South Asian diasporas, digitally produced and circulated media play a significant role. This chapter examines the techno‐mediation of such diasporas through “machinima,” focusing on three examples of South Asian digital diasporic productions: (1) the work of
http://Indusgeeks.com
(2) machinima produced by “desi” players of a computer game,
World of Warcraft
(
WoW
); and (3) the traveling meme of Daler Mehndi's “Tunak Tunak Tun” on YouTube. The authors use these examples to show how the circulation and remixing of “Bollywood” media provide nostalgic, affective engagements for diasporic South Asian youth, while at the same time doing important cultural labor for the Indian state and culture industries.
Introduction
Authors: Gates Kelly
Published: January 2013

Of necessity, the field of media studies no longer focuses exclusively on the conventional categories of television, film, radio, and print. Distributed digital networks, new types of hardware and software configurations, and new institutional arrangements in the media industries are disrupting existing categories and challenging theoretical and methodological approaches. How can media studies best make sense of changing media institutions, forms, and uses? How will the field keep pace with changes in media occurring in the decades to come? What will the “new media” of the future look like, and how can media studies help shape that future?Media Studies Futureshighlights some of the major challenges and opportunities facing scholars, students, and advocates interested in understanding our changing media forms and working toward realizing their democratic possibilities. The main themes addressed here include: (1) media theory, methods, and pedagogy; (2) social and mobile media; (3) media industries and infrastructures; (4) journalism and media policy; (5) interactivity, affect, and media subjectivities; (6) children and youth cultures' uses of digital media; and (7) media waste and sustainability. The aim of this work is to promote a more open and inclusive discussion of the future possibilities for media and media studies, challenging rather than participating in dominant tendencies to lay claim to any particular future of media or their field of study.
One‐Step Macroscopic Alignment of Conjugated Polymer Systems by Epitaxial Crystallization during Spin‐Coating
Authors: Müller Christian , Aghamohammadi Mahdieh , Himmelberger Scott , Sonar Prashant , Garriga Miquel , Salleo Alberto , Campoy‐Quiles Mariano
Published: January 2013

The one‐step preparation of highly anisotropic polymer semiconductor thin films directly from solution is demonstrated. The conjugated polymer poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as well as P3HT:fullerene bulk–heterojunction blends can be spin‐coated from a mixture of the crystallizable solvent 1,3,5‐trichlorobenzene (TCB) and a second carrier solvent such as chlorobenzene. Solidification is initiated by growth of macroscopic TCB spherulites followed by epitaxial crystallization of P3HT on TCB crystals. Subsequent sublimation of TCB leaves behind a replica of the original TCB spherulites. Thus, highly ordered thin films are obtained, which feature square‐centimeter‐sized domains that are composed of one spherulite‐like structure each. A combination of optical microscopy and polarized photoluminescence spectroscopy reveals radial alignment of the polymer backbone in case of P3HT, whereas P3HT:fullerene blends display a tangential orientation with respect to the center of spherulite‐like structures. Moreover, grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering reveals an increased relative degree of crystallinity and predominantly flat‐on conformation of P3HT crystallites in the blend. The use of other processing methods such as dip‐coating is also feasible and offers uniaxial orientation of the macromolecule. Finally, the applicability of this method to a variety of other semi‐crystalline conjugated polymer systems is established. Those include other poly(3‐alkylthiophene)s, two polyfluorenes, the low band‐gap polymer PCPDTBT, a diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) small molecule as well as a number of polymer:fullerene and polymer:polymer blends.
Effect of boric acid on thermal dehydrogenation of ammonia borane: H2 yield and process characteristics
Authors: Hwang Hyun Tae , Greenan Patrick , Kim Seung Jin , Varma Arvind
Published: January 2013

We have recently demonstrated that boric acid (H3BO3, BA) is a promising additive to decrease onset temperature as well as to enhance hydrogen release kinetics for thermolysis of ammonia borane (NH3BH3, AB). The observations suggest that tetrahydroxyborate ion released by heating BA serves as Lewis acid and catalyzes AB dehydrogenation. Using this approach, we obtained high H2 yield at 85°C, along with rapid kinetics. Various operating conditions were investigated, such as reactor temperature, AB wt %, and particle size of BA. Even in the presence of 10 wt % BA, high H2 yield (13 wt %) and trace amount of ammonia (10–20 ppm) were obtained at 80°C, proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell operating temperature. To our knowledge, such H2 yield value is higher than from any other method using AB with additive or catalyst at PEM fuel cell operating temperatures. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 3359–3364, 2013
Conversion of isopropanol and mixed alcohols to hydrocarbons using HZSM‐5 Catalyst in the MixAlco™ process
Authors: Taco‐Vasquez Sebastian , Holtzapple Mark T.
Published: January 2013

HZSM‐5 (SiO2/Al2O3=280 mol/mol) is used to produce hydrocarbons from reagent‐grade isopropanol and mixed alcohols made from lignocellulosic biomass (waste office paper and chicken manure) using the MixAlco™ process. All studies were performed at 101 kPa (abs). The experiments were conducted in two sets: (1) vary temperature (300–Tmax°C) at weight hourly space velocity (WHSV)=1.31 h–1, and (2) vary WHSV (0.5–11.5 h–1) at T=370°C. For isopropanol, Tmax=450°C and for mixed alcohols Tmax=520°C. For isopropanol, higher temperatures produced more gaseous products and more aromatics. High WHSV gives high concentration of C6+ olefins, whereas low WHSV gives high concentrations of C9 aromatics. For mixed alcohols, changes in temperature affected the product distribution similar to isopropanol. In contrast, WHSV did not affect the concentration of reaction products; only dehydration products were observed. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 2549–2557, 2013
Skull shape asymmetry and the socioeconomic structure of an early medieval central european society
Authors: Bigoni Lucie , Krajíček Václav , Sládek Vladimír , Velemínský Petr , Velemínská Jana
Published: January 2013

The socioeconomic structure of an early medieval society from the Mikulčice settlement (Czech Republic) was studied on the basis of an evaluation of the fluctuating and directional asymmetry (DA) of skulls. Two distinct inhabited regions, castle and sub‐castle, were compared. Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) was used as a bioindicator of environmental stress, which is thought to have been different in the Mikulčice castle and sub‐castle regions. DA is consistent with biomechanical loading, and it was expected to reflect different subsistence patterns. The material consisted of 129 crania from what was presumed to be a higher socioeconomic class (Mikulčice castle) and 71 crania from middle and lower socioeconomic classes (Mikulčice sub‐castle). As a comparative sample, 138 crania from modern, lower socioeconomic classes (Pachner Collection) were used. The three‐dimensional coordinates of 68 landmarks were digitized and analyzed using geometric morphometrics. In terms of DA, the highest values were recorded in the sub‐castle sample and confirmed their lower socioeconomic position, with a grittier and lower protein diet compared with the castle sample. In terms of FA, distinctive differences between the sexes were found. In males, no differences were observed between castle and sub‐castle, and the lowest FA values were recorded. In females, significantly higher values of FA were found, surprisingly in the castle sample, comparable with the more stressed Pachner Collection. We suspect that the FA reflects a more varied population of castle females as a consequence of patrilocality, although environmental stress remains a possibility. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Five Things Western Therapists Need to Know for Working with Chinese Therapists and Patients
Authors: Scharff David
Published: January 2013

Beneath the many stereotypes of Chinese characteristics common in the West, there are complexities of Chinese culture and personality not well understood by psychoanalysts and analytic therapists. Knowing something about these can be critically helpful to Western colleagues who wish to teach effectively in China. This presentation outlines cultural issues concerning Confucian and related values, changes in family and marital structure, changes in the role and practice of sex, the effect of widespread national and individual trauma in China in the twentieth century, and changes in the nature of individualism in Chinese personality. These five factors come to bear whenever Western analysts and psychotherapists teach Chinese analytic therapists and/or treat Chinese patients. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A safe and effective dose of cisplatin in hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Osaki Akihiko , Suda Takeshi , Kamimura Kenya , Tsuchiya Atsunori , Tamura Yasushi , Takamura Masaaki , Igarashi Masato , Kawai Hirokazu , Yamagiwa Satoshi , Aoyagi Yutaka
Published: January 2013

Cisplatin (CDDP) is an anticancer agent that is commonly used in hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) chemotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to clarify the safe and effective dose of CDDP in HAI for HCC. The hypervascular area was measured in 42 HCCs before and after HAI with CDDP. Serum platinum concentration was quantified in the peripheral and/or middle hepatic veins by atomic absorption spectrometry. The relation between the HCC response and CDDP dose was statistically analyzed. The multiple HCC nodules in an individual case generally demonstrated the same response to CDDP. The free‐platinum concentration stayed relatively constant in the hepatic vein during HAI followed by a rapid decline, while total‐platinum gradually increased then slowly disappeared over several days. After CDDP‐HAI, 15 HCCs shrunk and 27 HCCs grew. The reduction rate in the shrunken nodules was tended to be correlated with CDDP dose after standardization with the target liver volume. On the other hand, the growth rate of the enlarged HCCs was significantly correlated with CDDP dose after normalization with creatinine clearance. These data support a recommendation of CDDP‐HAI infusion where the amount of CDDP (mg) administered is less than patient creatinine clearance (mL/min/1.73 m2) upon an assumption of HCC doubling time of 90 days, and the targeted liver is smaller than 200 times the CDDP dose (mg). A further analysis is required to define appropriate injection speeds.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Blue‐Emitting NaxCa1‐xAl2‐xSi2+xO8 :Eu2+ (x = 0.34) Phosphor with High Luminescent Efficiency for UV‐Pumped Light‐Emitting Diodes.
Authors: Lee Ga‐yeon , Han Ji Yeon , Im Won Bin , Cheong Sang Hoon , Jeon Duk Young
Published: January 2013

The new blue‐emitting phosphor Na0.34Ca0.66Al1.66Si2.34 O8:Eu2+ (I) is synthesized by addition of an EtOH solution of Si(OEt)4 to an aqueous solution of NaNO3, EuCl2, Ca(NO3)2, and Al(NO3)3 followed by solvent evaporation (120 °C, 24 h) and firing of the dry powder in a 5%H2/N2 atmosphere (1400 °C, 3 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Further Examples of the P‐O‐P Connection in Borophosphates: Synthesis and Characterization of Li2Cs2B2P4O15, LiK2BP2O8, and Li3M2BP4O14 (M: K, Rb).
Authors: Wang Ying , Pan Shilie , Shi Yunjing
Published: January 2013

The crystal structures of the new compounds (V), (VIII), (X), and (VII) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Metallic Yb2AuGe3: An Ordered Superstructure in the AlB2‐Type Family with Mixed‐Valent Yb and a High‐Temperature Phase Transition.
Authors: Peter Sebastien C. , Sarkar Sumanta
Published: January 2013

Single crystals of the title compound are grown from the elements in an indium flux (sealed quartz tube, 1273 K, 5 h; annealing at 1123 K, 48 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Intermolecular [2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction Using Platinum(II) Catalyst with Hollow‐Shaped Triethynylphosphine.
Authors: Ebisawa Masaru , Kusama Hiroyuki , Iwasawa Nobuharu
Published: January 2013

Intermolecular [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of allenyl silyl ether (I) with various vinyl ethers is realized on the basis of electrophilic activation of the allene by a platinium—phosphine catalyst, affording predominantly the corresponding methylenecyclobutanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed 1,1‐Difunctionalization of Ethylene.
Authors: Saini Vaneet , Sigman Matthew S.
Published: January 2013

The title reaction proceeds with aryl/vinyl/heteroaryl transmetalating agents and vinyl electrophiles under low pressure of ethylene and with a high regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Au/Ag—Mo Nano‐Rods Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Nitrobenzenes and Alcohols Using Glycerol as the Hydrogen Source.
Authors: Cui Xinjiang , Zhang Chengming , Shi Feng , Deng Youquan
Published: January 2013

The reductive coupling of alcohols (I) with nitroarenes (II) in refluxing toluene leads to imines (III), whilst the use of xylene as solvent gives rise to corresponding amines (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Michael Addition/Pericyclization/Rearrangement — A Multicomponent Strategy for the Synthesis of Substituted Resorcinols.
Authors: Liu Yu , Doyle Michael P.
Published: January 2013

A novel access towards polysubstituted resorcinol derivatives is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Asymmetric Conjugate Additions of Aldehydes with Vinyl Sulfones Using a Sulfonamide Organocatalyst.
Authors: Miura Tsuyoshi , Yuasa Hiroki , Murahashi Miho , Ina Mariko , Nakashima Kosuke , Tada Norihiro , Itoh Akichika
Published: January 2013

A β‐aminosulfonamide organocatalyst together with an acidic additive catalyze the asymmetric conjugate addition of branched aldehydes (II) to vinyl sulfones (I) to afford the adducts (III), possessing all‐carbon quaternary stereocenters, in excellent yields and high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Alkylation of Aromatics Using Alcohols in the Presence of NaHSO4/SiO2.
Authors: Sato Yuta , Aoyama Tadashi , Takido Toshio , Kodomari Mitsuo
Published: January 2013

A simple, rapid, and efficient procedure for the title reaction is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Observation of Neighboring ortho‐Hydroxyl Group Participation in Organocatalytic Asymmetric Sequential Michael—Lactonization Reactions: Synthesis of Highly Substituted Chiral Spirodihydrocoumarins.
Authors: Ramachary Dhevalapally B. , Madhavachary R. , Prasad M. Shiva
Published: January 2013

Sequential Michael addition—lactonization reaction of o‐hydroxy‐β‐nitrostyrenes, e.g. (I), with cyclic α‐ketoesters, e.g. (II), proceeds smoothly in the presence of cinchona alkaloid‐derived thiourea catalysts to give spirodihydrocoumarins in high to excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemistry Modulates the Catalytic Hydrogenolysis of Nitrile‐Substituted Cyclopropanes.
Authors: Gonzalez‐Juarez Daphne E. , Garcia‐Vazquez J. Benjamin , Zuniga‐Garcia Violeta , Trujillo‐Serrato Joel J. , Suarez‐Castillo Oscar R. , Joseph‐Nathan Pedro , Morales‐Rios Martha S.
Published: January 2013

The compound (VI) fails to separate completely.
ChemInform Abstract: Dendritic Phosphoramidite Ligands for Rh‐Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions: Unprecedented Enhancement of Enantiodiscrimination.
Authors: Garcia Lidia , Roglans Anna , Laurent Regis , Majoral Jean‐Pierre , Pla‐Quintana Anna , Caminade Anne‐Marie
Published: January 2013

The applied dendritic ligands, e.g. PAP, can be recovered and reused several times.
ChemInform Abstract: Valorization of Glycerol 1,2‐Carbonate as a Precursor for the Development of New Synthons in Organic Chemistry.
Authors: Bensemhoun Julia , Condon Sylvie
Published: January 2013

Activated glycerol carbonate derivatives (halogen or pseudohalide derivatives) such as (I) and (IV) are prepared and subjected to reactions with olefins (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Broensted Acid Enhanced Rhodium‐Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of Aryl C—H Bonds to α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Yang Lei , Qian Bo , Huang Hanmin
Published: January 2013

The treatment of 2‐arylpyridines, 2‐arylquinolines, or 1‐phenylpyrazole with chalcones or analogues in AcOH as solvent and an optimized Rh/Ag catalyst affords a range of corresponding addition products (32 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of 1‐Aminoisoquinolines via the Tandem Reactions of 2‐Alkynylbenzaldoximes with Isothiocyanates.
Authors: Li Wenhai , Wang Yue , Lu Tao
Published: January 2013

Aminoisoquinolines are efficiently synthesized by silver triflate‐catalyzed reaction of alkynylbenzaldoximes with isothiocyanates (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Mild Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed C—H Activation and Intermolecular Annulation with Allenes.
Authors: Wang Honggen , Glorius Frank
Published: January 2013

The novel oxidative coupling reaction of N‐pivaloyloxybenzamides or heterocyclic analogues with allenes affords a variety of dihydroisoquinoline derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Aza‐Diels—Alder and Cation—Olefin Cyclization Sequence: A Concise Way to Fused Chiral Cyclopenta[b]piperidines.
Authors: Li Qing‐Zhu , Ma Lei , Dong Lin , Chen Ying‐Chun
Published: January 2013

An efficient and mild synthesis of the title compounds is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid and Efficient, Microwave‐Assisted, Base‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Some Novel 2,7‐Disubstituted Pyrrolopyrimidinones.
Authors: Deverakonda Murty , Mailavaram Raghu Prasad , Deb Pran Kishore , Banda Narsaiah , Vedula Girija Sastry
Published: January 2013

An improved method for the synthesis of the title compounds (III) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Outer‐Sphere Direction in Iridium C—H Borylation.
Authors: Roosen Philipp C. , Kallepalli Venkata A. , Chattopadhyay Buddhadeb , Singleton Daniel A. , Maleczka Robert E. Jr. , Smith Milton R. III
Published: January 2013

The NHBoc groups offer ortho selectivity in arenes and alkenes for the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular‐based Conducting Magnet
Authors: Zhang Bin , Zhu Dao Ben
Published: January 2013

Review: 67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Production and Properties of Transuranium Elements
Authors: Nagame Y. , Hirata M.
Published: January 2013

Review: 156 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Trifluoromethyl Group in Transition Metal Chemistry
Authors: Garcia‐Monforte M. Angeles , Martinez‐Salvador Sonia , Menjon Babil
Published: January 2013

Review: ca. 200 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Hydroarylation of Alkynes
Authors: de Mendoza Paula , Echavarren Antonio M.
Published: January 2013

Review: 153 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Progress and Prospects of Pyrrole‐Imidazole Polyamide—Fluorophore Conjugates as Sequence‐Selective DNA Probes
Authors: Vaijayanthi Thangavel , Bando Toshikazu , Pandian Ganesh N. , Sugiyama Hiroshi
Published: January 2013

Review: about 100 refs.
Towards virtual dataspaces for material scientific data cloud
Authors: Liu Zhenyu , Hu Jingyuan , Li Yang , Huang Yi
Published: January 2013

New challenges for large‐scale data management and sharing have arisen because of the information evolution from massive data to “big data”. In this paper, we propose the concept of virtual dataspaces and domain scientific data cloud (DSDC) to address the challenges of management, reusability, and service of scientific data in scientific domain. The application of DSDC is also introduced, which is used in the materials science domain for e‐Science applications. Virtual dataspaces is then defined, which is used to integrate and organize both structured and unstructured scientific data in cloud environment. To build the virtual dataspaces, a logical resources model based on ontology is discussed. And then a new mapping and evolutionary model of virtual dataspaces is described in a “pay‐as‐you‐go” fashion. As such, we introduce a “semi‐automatic evolution” method. A scientific data cloud application model is also proposed for defining service template. Finally, the virtual dataspaces and DSDC are verified by “material service safety evaluation”, and the results show that our approach is efficient in scientific data management and suitable for data‐intensive application. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Graphics processing unit computing and exploitation of hardware accelerators
Authors: Amor Margarita , Doallo Ramón , Fraguela Basilio B. , Herrero José R. , Quintana‐Ortí Enrique S. , Strzodka Robert
Published: January 2013

This special issue contributes to this promising field with extended and carefully reviewed versions of selected papers from two workshops, namely the 2nd Minisymposium on GPU Computing, which was held as part of the 9th International Conference on Parallel Processing and Applied Mathematics (PPAM 2011) in Torun (Poland); and the Workshop on Exploitation of Hardware Accelerators (WEHA 2011), which was held in conjunction with The 2011 International Conference on High Performance Computing & Simulation in Istanbul (Turkey). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Materials for the Active Layer of Organic Photovoltaics: Ternary Solar Cell Approach
Authors: Chen Yung‐Chung , Hsu Chih‐Yu , Lin Ryan Yeh‐Yung , Ho Kuo‐Chuan , Lin Jiann T.
Published: January 2013

Power conversion efficiencies in excess of 7 % have been achieved with bulk heterojunction (BHJ)‐type organic solar cells using two components: p‐ and n‐doped materials. The energy level and absorption profile of the active layer can be tuned by introduction of an additional component. Careful design of the additional component is required to achieve optimal panchromatic absorption, suitable energy‐level offset, balanced electron and hole mobility, and good light‐harvesting efficiency. This article reviews the recent progress on ternary organic photovoltaic systems, including polymer/small molecule/functional fullerene, polymer/polymer/functional fullerene, small molecule/small molecule/functional fullerene, polymer/functional fullerene I/functional fullerene II, and polymer/quantum dot or metal/functional fullerene systems.
Design considerations for low power time‐mode SAR ADC
Authors: Fan Hua , Han Xue , Kobenge Sekedi B. , Wei Qi , Yang Huazhong
Published: January 2013

This paper describes circuit design considerations for realization of low power dissipation successive approximation register (SAR) analog‐to‐digital converter (ADC) with a time‐mode comparator. A number of design issues related to time‐mode SAR ADC are discussed. Also, noise and offset models describing the impact of the noise and offset on the timing error of time‐domain comparator are presented. The results are verified by comparison to simulations. The design considerations mentioned in this paper are useful for the initial design and the improvements of time‐mode SAR ADC. Then, a number of practical design aspects are illustrated with discussion of an experimental 12‐bit SAR ADC that incorporates a highly dynamic voltage‐to‐time converter and a symmetrical input time‐to‐digital converter. Prototyped in a 0.18‐µm six‐metal one‐polysilicon Complementary Metal‐Oxide‐Semiconductor (CMOS) process, the ADC, at 12 bit, 500 kS/s, achieves a Nyquist signal‐to‐noise‐and‐distortion ratio of 53.24 dB (8.55 effective number of bits) and a spurious‐free dynamic range of 70.73 dB, while dissipating 27.17 μW from a 1.3‐V supply, giving a figure of merit of 145 fJ/conversion‐step. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pilot study on the significance of random intrasite placement of the Semmes–Weinstein monofilament
Authors: Slater Robert A. , Koren Shlomit , Ramot Yoram , Buchs Andreas , Rapoport Micha J.
Published: January 2013

Background

The possible effect of random intrasite placement on the outcome of the Semmes–Weinstein monofilament (SWF) test is not known. We sought to determine the significance of this variable in the diagnosis of loss of protective sensation (LOPS) in patients with diabetes.

Methods

Forty‐five patients with diabetes with history of pedal ulceration (group 1), 81 patients with diabetes without history of ulceration (group 2) and 21 non‐diabetic controls (group 3) were studied. The three original sites of the International Consensus on the Diabetic Foot at the hallux, first and fifth sub‐metatarsal areas were divided into peripheral and interior zones resulting in a total of six zones.

Results

Mean total scores of monofilament test were significantly lower in peripheral zones as compared with interior zones of both feet in all three groups and affected the resulting percentage of loss of protective sensation.

Conclusions

Intrasite monofilament placement can significantly affect monofilament test results and the diagnosis of loss of protective sensation. A model that corrects the effect of random intrasite placement is needed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of Neurogenin 1 in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Directs the Differentiation of Neuronal Precursors and Identifies Unique Patterns of Down‐stream Gene Expression
Authors: Velkey J. Matthew , O'Shea K. Sue
Published: January 2013

Background: Delineating the cascades of growth and transcription factor expression that shape the developing nervous system will improve our understanding of its molecular histogenesis and suggest strategies for cell replacement therapies. In the current investigation, we examined the ability of the proneural gene, Neurogenin1 (Neurog1; also Ngn1, Neurod3), to drive differentiation of pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESC). Results: Transient expression of Neurog1 in ESC was sufficient to initiate neuronal differentiation, and produced neuronal subtypes reflecting its expression pattern in vivo. To begin to address the molecular mechanisms involved, we used microarray analysis to identify potential down‐stream targets of Neurog1 expressed at sequential stages of neuronal differentiation. Conclusions: ESC expressing Neurogenin1 begin to withdraw from cycle and form precursors that differentiate exclusively into neurons. This work identifies unique patterns of gene expression following expression of Neurog1, including genes and signaling pathways involved in process outgrowth and cell migration, regional differentiation of the nervous system, and cell cycle. Developmental Dynamics 242:230–253, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Linear Heterometallic Co3Li2 and Co4Li2 Siloxides: Precursors for the Plasma Synthesis of Adsorbent Materials
Authors: Ehle Sophie , Brüser Volker , Lorenz Volker , Hrib Cristian G. , Saulich Katja , Müller Siegfried , Quade Antje , Edelmann Frank T.
Published: January 2013

New linear heterometallic Co3Li2 and Co4Li2 arrays have been assembled with the use of disiloxanediolate and silsesquioxane ligands. Treatment of anhydrous CoCl2 with in situ‐prepared (Ph2SiOLi)2O afforded (thf)Co[Co{μ‐(Ph2SiO)2O}{(μ‐Cl)2Li(thf)2}]2 (5) as dark blue prisms in 73 % yield, while the analogous reaction of CoCl2 with in situ‐prepared Cy7Si7O9(OLi)3 (Cy = cyclohexyl) gave royal blue [Co2(μ‐Cy7Si7O12)(μ‐OSiMe3)(μ‐Cl){Li(thf)2}2]2 (6) in 68 % yield. Both of the new compounds have been structurally characterized by X‐ray crystallography. Plasma treatment of 5 was found to activate the surface by creating –C–O, –C=O, and –COO functionalities. An initial study revealed promising formaldehyde adsorption properties for the plasma‐treated material 5a.
An 17O NMR Study of Hydrolyzed NbV in Weakly Acidic and Basic Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Klemperer Walter G. , Marek Keith A.
Published: January 2013

Time‐dependent 17O NMR spectra of basified decaniobate (Nb10O286–) solutions displayed intense resonances assigned to the well‐known protonated hexaniobate anion (Nb6O198–) and two other species identified as heptaniobate (Nb7O229–) and protonated tetracosaniobate (Nb24O7224–) anions. The decaniobate ion showed no sign of protonation from pH 6–10, in contrast with the hexaniobate ion which was protonated at doubly‐bridging oxygen sites when the pH was 10–13. Most (> 90 %) of the heptaniobate formed 1 h after basification was transformed into other species after 3 weeks. Tetracosaniobate was formed reversibly from decaniobate, but only when KOH, NaOH and [(CH3)4N]OH were employed; none was observed after basification with [(n‐C4H9)4N]OH. Moreover, far more tetracosaniobate was formed from KOH than from [(CH3)4N]OH. This effect was attributed to a tetracosaniobate cation binding site that binds K+ more readily than (CH3)4N+ but is too small to accommodate (n‐C4H9)4N+.
Two Locally Chiral Dysprosium Compounds with Salen‐Type Ligands That Show Slow Magnetic Relaxation Behavior
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhang Peng , Zhao Lang , Lin Shuang‐Yan , Xue Shufang , Tang Jinkui , Liu Zhiliang
Published: January 2013

Two Dy compounds, [Dy4(μ4‐O)L2(C6H5COO)6]·3CH3OH (1) and [Dy2L(H2L)(teaH2)(o‐vanillin)(H2O)](ClO4)2·2CH3OH·H2O (2, teaH3 = triethanolamine), were assembled by the reactions of the salen‐type ligand N,N′‐bis(3‐methoxysalicylidene)‐1,2‐cyclohexanediamine (H2L) and different dysprosium salts and bases. These compounds show both local chirality and slow magnetic relaxation. The former is induced by an unprecedented coordination mode of the ligand H2L, in which the N2O2 pocket encapsulates one Dy ion. Compound 1, which has four Dy ions in distinct coordination environments, demonstrates the rare Dy4 tetrahedron motif supported by a central μ4‐O atom, which is akin to a chiral carbon atom in organic molecules, as revealed by single‐crystal X‐ray analyses. In contrast, the formation of 2, which shows an unusual structural motif with a tail, is driven by the presence of triethanolamine. In spite of the low‐symmetry coordination geometry around each Dy ion, both compounds display slow magnetic relaxation behavior, but with fast quantum tunneling relaxation, as indicated by alternating current (ac) susceptibility measurements.
5‐Substituted (1‐Thiolan‐2‐yl)cytosines as Inhibitors of A. aeolicus and E. coli IspE Kinases: Very Different Affinities to Similar Substrate‐Binding Sites
Authors: Schütz Andri P. , Locher Sebastian , Bernet Bruno , Illarionov Boris , Fischer Markus , Bacher Adelbert , Diederich François
Published: January 2013

The enzymes of the non‐mevalonate pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis are potential new targets for the development of selective drugs for the treatment of important infectious diseases. This pathway is used by major human pathogens, such as Plasmodium falciparum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but not by humans. The fourth enzyme in the pathway is the kinase IspE, and we report here the development and biological evaluation of new ligands for this enzyme from Escherichia coli and Aquifex aeolicus species as model systems for the pathogenic enzymes. The study focuses on analysis of the methylerythritol pocket of the 4‐diphosphocytidyl‐2‐C‐methyl‐D‐erythritol binding site. A series of 5‐substituted 1‐(thiolan‐2‐yl)cytosines with increasingly polar substituents were synthesized, opting for possible water‐replacements in that sub‐pocket as well as a high water‐solubility of the ligands. In vitro studies showed IC50 values in the micromolar range against E. coli IspE, but, unexpectedly, no inhibition against A. aeolicus IspE within the measurement range of the biological tests.
Detailed study of distribution patterns of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and isocyanates under different fire conditions
Authors: Blomqvist Per , McNamee Margaret Simonson , Stec Anna A. , Gylestam Daniel , Karlsson Daniel
Published: January 2013

This study has examined the distribution patterns between gas phase and particle phase of some chemical compounds produced in fires. It has also addressed the question of the distribution of individual particle‐associated species between the different size‐ranges of particles. The chemical compounds studied and discussed in this paper are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and isocyanates.

The steady‐state tube furnace, ISO/TS 19700, was chosen as the physical fire model in order to study the production of particles from different types of fire exposure, that is, oxidative pyrolysis, well‐ventilated flaming fires and under‐ventilated flaming post‐flashover fires.

Two materials were chosen for investigation, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) carpet and a wood board. The particle production from the two materials investigated varied concerning both the amounts produced and the particle size distributions.

The analysis of PAHs showed that volatile PAHs were generally dominant. However, when the toxicity of the individual species was taken into account, the relative importance between volatile and particle‐associated PAHs shifted the dominance to particle‐bound PAH for both materials.

The substantial degradation in the tests of the low polyurethane content of the PVC carpet, and the (4,4′‐methylenediphenyl diisocyanate)‐based binder in the wood board resulted in no or very small amount of quantifiable diisocyanates. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calibration of flow rate in cone calorimeter tests
Authors: Guillaume Eric , Marquis Damien , Saragoza Laurent
Published: January 2013

The cone calorimeter is one of the major fire tests. The measurement method is based on the evaluation of mass flow and oxygen concentration of fire effluents to calculate heat release rate. Different studies highlighted that the governing parameter for uncertainty at important values of heat release rate was the characteristic constant of an orifice plate used to measure mass flow (C‐factor). This parameter is usually determined each testing day by oxygen consumption calorimetry with a reference methane burner. This publication presents a calibration method for volumetric flow rate without using orifice plate and then an extension to C‐factor determination without methane burner and calorimetry. The uncertainty calculation applied to a real example highlights the fact that the method is suitable to respect tolerance of standardized test conditions for both parameters. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.