bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Behaviour of Deep Beam Strengthened with Gfrp Sheets
Authors: Meena A. , Suganya Devi K. , Sattainathan Sharma A.
Published: October 2021

This article discusses the behavior of a reinforced concrete deep beam that has been strengthened with GFRP sheets. The GFRP shows many essential and necessary properties such as low weight to strength ratio, non-corrosive, high fatigue strength, high tensile strength, etc. In this paper, four deep beams were cast, in which one beam is a control beam, and another one is with special confinement reinforcement. The rest of the two beams are strengthened with the GFRP sheets in standard control beam and special confinement reinforcement beam under static or monotonic loading under three points, and the corresponding behavior is determined. The behavior of the RC Deep beams, such as load-carrying capacity, first crack load, load-deflection behavior, crack patterns, and stress vs. strains, are determined. The analysis of the reinforced concrete deep beams was done using the finite element software called ANSYS. Additionally, this article provides preliminary support for proposing a novel shear strengthening technique during the member’s design. In the finite element simulations, the proposed deep beams have been modeled and analyzed using the finite element software, ANSYS, and the results are compared with experimental work.
Analytical Study on Static Behaviour of a Transmission Tower Line Systems
Authors: Menaka B. , Kumar Vinoth
Published: October 2021

The need for significant transmission and distribution system has been raised in India due to the large population living worldwide and its huge need for electricity supply due to the technological boom, making it necessary to be available 24×7. As transmission line towers are critical lifeline structures that transport power from the source to various locations for various purposes and serve as lifelines for humans by illuminating our daily lives, it is critical to creating a damage-free transmission tower unthinkable life without such electric serving systems. The project here sheds on the type of connections that are said to be provided in the tower connection, and a design procedure is carried out to evaluate the tower member properties. A three-dimensional structure was performed using NEi-NASTRAN and tower designs. The members of the tower are then drawn up.
Numerical Analysis of Cold rolled structural steel angle sections subjected to tension members
Authors: Paulmakesh A. , Makebo Gizachew Markos
Published: October 2021

Finite element method is a precise and flexible technology for predicting the performance, load conditions of a structure, mechanism or process. During the tests, the structural behaviour was used to build a FEM, especially for the nonlinear analysis. As the failure approaches, angles under tension exhibit non-linear behaviour. Everything is constructed, including the static structural component and all of its modules. Like ANSYS MAPDL modules (Mechanical Ansys Parametric Design Language). Build geometry, define materials, generate mesh, apply load, solving the model, and reviewing the results are all part of the static analyses of FEA. In order to determine the various structural investigations of a single or double section, a number of models have been developed. There were 72 specimens used in the analysis; they were modelled by bolt tensioners that were attached to the specimen. In order to calculate equivalent stress, equivalent elastic strain, and total deformation of single angle and double angle sections, equivalent stress, elastic strain, and total deformation of single angle and double angle sections were examined. In order to find out the ultimate load-carrying capacity of the single angle specimens and double angle specimens, a non-linear static analysis was done. The findings from the experiments, computational codes, and worldwide investigations into load capacity tension members are detailed in the paper. Failure modes are observed, too. In an ANSYS simulation using a numerical model, which used the ANSYS angle algorithm, researchers discovered that experimental and international codes values closely match each other.
Novel Enhanced Algorithm Based on DNA Cryptography to Secure Data Transfer over Network
Authors: Idris Samwal , Mathur Anjali , Hussain Asdaque
Published: October 2021

As the crime rates are increasing, the process of ensuring security has become one of the important demands in wide networks. There is always a chance by third-party to threatened the data privacy and security, which led to continued development the information security. Cryptography defined as the process of encoding or encoding data to make it incomprehensible using mathematical operations. DNA cryptography is a new branch of DNA computation that represents a new era of technology in security for data transfer over the internet. In this paper, a Novel Algorithm Based on DNA Cryptography and Combination with One Time Pad and Caesar cipher has been introduced. The output of the algorithm is the tested using National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) statistical test suite much time to check the strength of an algorithm with the encrypted text. The algorithm has shown promising results.
A Comparative Study: Performance and Optimization of Artificial Neural Networks in Blood Cell Datasets
Authors: Sivaraman K. , Khanna V.
Published: October 2021

Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) generally referred to as Neural Networks are the statistical model, It is mainly focused on the biological neuron for the information or signal processing. A neural network is a dynamic system consisting of a community of interconnected neurons that offers a very exciting solution to complex problem solving and other applications that can play a crucial role in today’s technology. In this paper we are using various process like pattern recognition, prediction and optimization of blood cells is usually undertaken to help clinicians determine a wide variety of haematics. Pathologies identify dengue, anemia, diabetes and other related diseases.
Performance Testing of VCR Engine using Plastic Oil Produced by Pyrolysis Method
Authors: Samuvel Michael B , Muthurajan K.G. , Samuvel Michael B.
Published: October 2021

Recycling is the retrieval, reclamation, reprocessing or refining process of waste to produce new products. Recycling has always been a top priority in waste management since it enables us not only to maintain the health of the environment, but also to reuse garbage profitably. Many techniques are utilised to transform plastic waste into articles that are not present in virgin plastic with distinctive features. Polymers undergo molecular and structural changes in this process leading to simpler basic materials with superior thermal properties than original plastics. While gasification and pyrolysis processes break plastics down, fluid and semi-liquid products are also generated.
Simplified Analytical Solution for Tapered Circular Elements on Homogeneous or Non-homogeneous Soil
Authors: Vega-Posada Carlos A. , Garcia-Aristizabal Edwin F. , Saldarriaga-Molina Julio C.
Published: October 2021

This paper presents a simplified method to examine the response of circular tapered Euler-Bernoulli beam-columns. The Di˙erential Transformation Method (DTM) is implemented to solve the di˙erential equation (DE) that governs the response of the element. When conventional analytical approaches (i.e., discrete or continuum approaches) are used to solve the DE, and because of the introduction of the non-uniform cross-section and the soil non-homogeneity, the analysis becomes rather di˚cult and the solution complex to obtain. Here, the rather complex DE and corresponding boundary conditions (B.Cs.) are expressed as a system of linear algebraic expressions which solution is readily available. The proposed formulation includes the e˙ects of i) semi-rigid connections and lateral restraints at the ends of the element, ii) an external transverse load, iii) flexible and short elements, iv) soil/element sti˙ness, and v) an elastic homogeneous or non-homogeneous Pasternak soil. Both static and buckling analysis can be carried out using the same formulation.
Boiling simulation and PEC evaluation of helically corrugated tubes in vertical grooves with different pipe diameters
Authors: Gao J Y , Teng W Q , Wang J F , Xie J
Published: October 2021

The double tube structure is simulated, R32 in the inner helical corrugated tubes with vertical grooves is heated by the water flowing in the outer tube to make it boil. The influence of pipe diameter and number of vertical grooves on the performance of double tube is analyzed. The evaporation temperature of the refrigerant is 283K. The temperatures of inlet refrigerant and inlet water are 280K and 320K, respectively. The flow velocity of inlet refrigerant and inlet water are 1m/s and 5m/s, respectively. The simulation results show that, compared with the smooth pipe, when the inner pipe diameter is 3, 4, 5, 6, 7mm, the surface heat transfer coefficients of the double tube have been increased by 160%, 150%, 147%, 138%, and 130%, respective. when PEC=1.691, the performance of the inner helical corrugated tube is the best, whose inner pipe diameter is 3 mm, outer pipe diameter is 6.2 mm, number of vertical grooves is 10.
Adsorption of fatty acid and methanol via calcium sulfate-based catalyst using a density functional theory approach
Authors: Sun Y , Hu J , Jin H , Yang G , He J
Published: October 2021

This paper reports the molecular simulation of catalytic adsorption of the model compounds (simulated fatty acid and methanol) via the density functional theory (DFT) approach. The catalyst was prepared from an improved clean wet process using phosphorous rock as the raw materials. The adsorptions of the model compounds on the catalyst were simulated. The associated energies during adsorption were calculated. The proposed the detailed simulation offers great details of molecular adsorptions of the model compounds on the created crystallite lattice surface during adsorption.
Cellulose in natural flocculant applications: A review
Authors: Fauzani D , Notodarmojo S , Handajani M , Helmy Q , Kardiansyah T
Published: October 2021

Natural polymeric flocculants have gained popularity in water and wastewater treatment in recent years due to their non-toxicity and biodegradability. Because of its broad availability, renewability, sustainability, and surface modification potential, cellulose is regarded as one of the foundation polymers for flocculant production and modification. The following literature review includes of an overview of coagulation-flocculation, which is the process mechanism consisting of colloid destabilization for coagulation, followed by bridging, charge neutralization, and electrostatic patch for flocculation; aspects affecting the coagulation-flocculation performance; as well as the types of coagulants and flocculants that are commonly used. Furthermore, we will go over the physical and chemical properties of flocculants, as well as their usage as a coagulant-aid in the flocculation process following coagulation and as a flocculant in direct flocculation. There is also a discussion of the most recent advances in biopolymers, which are natural materials used to alter biopolymers as flocculants such as chitosan, tannins, starch, and cellulose. Whereas there is a review of the cellulose modifications that have been performed in past research to make it a natural flocculant, the use of ramie cellulose as flocculants has never been carried out to be used as a coagulant-aid and/or flocculant in drinking water and wastewater treatment. Ramie cellulose as backbone of biomaterial composites are expected to be applied as flocculants, have good flocculation performance, and can facilitate sludge handling in water treatment plants and/or wastewater treatment plants.
The Characteristics of Dielectric Barrier Discharge with Different Magnetic Field Intensity in Narrow Gap and Ozone Production
Authors: Murdiya Fri , Saputra Ivan , Ernawan Agus , Hamzah Amir , Firdaus  , Ramdani
Published: October 2021

This investigation is the implementation of high voltage generator with the topology push-pull inverter that connected to fly-back transformer. This generator is used to examine the ozone generator with DBD model and it was enhanced with the variation of magnetic field. The plasma in all models at a distance of 1.2 mm (narrow gap) are shown that the highest light intensity in model 1, while the lowest light intensity in model 4. The light intensity in model 1 are also higher than model 2 and 3, respectively. There are many current pulse or noises for model 1 and 2. However, there is a bit of current pulse in model 3 and 4. It is indicated that there are any micro discharges in the gap. Furthermore, the effect of intensity of magnetic field is influence the micro discharges in the gap. The DBD in model 1 produces maximum voltage and current of 8 kV and 37 mA, respectively. Model 2 is at 8.1 kV and 36 mA for maximum voltage and current, respectively. Finally, the model 4 adjusts the maximum current and voltage of 8.12 kV and 36 mA, respectively. It is indicated that the intensity of magnetic field influences the maximum voltage of DBD. Then, it is also shown that the maximum currents of DBD has varied. It is indicated that the intensity of magnetic field and attractive and repulsive conditions of magnet has also influenced the ozone production for all models. Model 3 of DBD produces higher ozone concentration than model 1,2 and 4, respectively.
Determination of Pb(II) ion Adsorption Isotherm Model by Regenerated Spent Bleaching Earth (RSBE)
Authors: Yusnimar  , Sasmita Dani , Fadli Ahmad
Published: October 2021

Waste water from several industries such as paint plant, printing, tin smelting, plastic factory, also fuel leaking from ships and ship welding are the main causes of the presence of Pb(II) ions in the water. Lead is a heavy metal that can adversely affects all organisms in the waters and can accumulate in the food chain, it is harmful to human and animal if exposed to it. Adsorption is one of the technologies for separating dissolved metal ions in liquid that easy handling and very effective. The concentration of heavy metal ions in solution can be reduced by using a adsorbent, such as zeolte, activated charcoal, regenerated spent bleaching earth (RSBE). Spent bleaching earth (SBE) is a disposal from edible of the bleaching unit in oil refinery industries, it can be regenerated to a adsorbent RSBE. The treatment SBE into RSBE, oil of SBE is separated by the solvent extraction method at 72°C for 5 hours with n-hexane as a solvent, followed by washing it with HCl 3%, then physically activated at 470°C for 12 hours. The goal of this study are to increase SBE value and reduce the level of Pb(II) ions in solution with RSBE. Several works done in this study, namely characterization of SBE and RSBE, determination of the absorption capacity of RSBE against Pb (II) ions at equilibrium conditions, and an adsorption isotherm model of Pb (II) ion by RSBE. Results, RSBE has a specific surface area of 165.88 m2/g, a total pore volume of 0.21 cc/g with an average pore diameter of 6.90 nm. Based on these values, RSBE is categorized as a mesoporous adsorbent. The adsorption of Pb (II) ion by RSBE reaches equilibrium after 150 minutes contact time.The adsorption Pb (II) ion by RSBE is follows the Langmuir isotherm adsorption model with a correlation coefficient (R2) value of 0.9935 and a maximum adsorbing capacity value of 4.29 mg Pb (II)/g RSBE.
Analyze Instructional Materials for Physics Modul Integrated Natural Disasters and Mitigation
Authors: Fauza Naila , Syaflita Dina , Ernidawati  , Dipuja Diah Anugrah , Yogi Ryantama Isjoni M. , Hermita Neni , Rahim Fanny Rahmatina
Published: October 2021

Today natural disasters are a global issue. Several countries have made strategies in natural disaster mitigation. Natural disasters of land forest fires, smog, floods, and landslides are common disasters in Riau province. Environment and natural disaster phenomena are closely related to physics. Integrated Physics materials of natural disasters can be applied in secondary schools. The teaching materials in general consist of knowledge, skills, and attitudes that students must learn to achieve a standard competence. The purpose of the research is analyze the physics instructional material of natural disasters to build physics modules integrated with natural disasters and mitigation in secondary schools. The method used ADDIE model (Analyza, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation). This research in analyze. The define (analyze) stage is done through field study and literature study to collect the kinds of material hat occur in the concept. The scope of the study analyzed the material physics curriculum 2013 high school integrated natural disasters namely particle dynamics, rotation dynamics and equilibrium rigid body, static fluids, dynamic fluids, heat and displacement. This research was conducted at SMAN 15 Pekanbaru City. The school used a revised 2013 curriculum. This research includes qualitative approach research and descriptive research type. The physics that can be integrated are the rotational dynamics and equilibrium of rigid objects, the weight points of objects, static and dynamic fluids and heat and displacement. The material is integrated into the material of natural disasters that often occur in Riau province, namely landslides, forest fires, smog and floods.
Design and Implementation of GeoGebra Learning Activities of Area and Perimeter of Rectangles for Primary School Students
Authors: Putra Zetra Hainul , Panjaitan If Only Dia , Putri Nur Aini , Wulandari Tengku Ririn , Hermita Neni , Dahnilsyah
Published: October 2021

GeoGebra-based mathematics learning is an approach to teach mathematics that can support students to think mathematically. Learning using GeoGebra provides students with a new hands-on experience in learning mathematics as they can understand the mathematical concepts both from visualisation and representation. This study exploits the method by designing GeoGebra-based mathematics learning on the area and perimeter of rectangles. This study aims to provide a varied and exciting learning experience, support students in thinking mathematically and give a chance to students to solve mathematical problems correctly and fluently. The design of learning activities for the area and perimeter of rectangles with GeoGebra was tested with 4 elementary school students. The results indicate that students begin to understand the area and perimeter of a rectangle logically, although some are still doubts when answering the questions given.
Effect of Application of Mesoporous Silica on Titanium Dioxide Sulfate catalyst for Synthesis of Palmitate Ethyl Ester as Biodiesel
Authors: Manga J , Yulistiono Hb. S
Published: October 2021

This research studied the effect of the addition of mesoporous silica on the active site SO4
2-/TiO2. Mesoporous silica was designed to be a matrix that affects the surface area of the catalyst activity. This study aimed to obtain a solid acid catalyst capable of treating palmitic acid with ethanol through an esterification reaction. The research began with the synthesis of SO4
2-/TiO2 catalyst, followed by the addition of synthetic mesoporous silica support. Both of these catalysts were applied to the palmitic acid esterification reaction. The activity of the SO4
2-/TiO2 catalyst was observed at variations of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% in the application. Observations through the analysis of gas chromatography-mass spectra for the indicated application of 20% obtained the highest % area of ethyl ester palmitate was reached at 96.15. For the modified SO4
2-/TiO2 catalyst with mesoporous silica support synthesized with different purification steps. They are ethanol-acid and calcined, which are indicated to have a % area of 83.14 and 94.22. In order to be able to define the ethyl ester palmitate and this catalyst, the microstructure characterization was carried out using the FTIR and XRD methods. Several indications resulting from the characterization of SO4
2-/TiO2 supported by mesoporous silica for 2θ were 23.430 and 25.190, which indicate the presence of silica in the position of mesoporous silica and TiO2 in the anatase phase.
Extraction of Hydroxyapatite by Alkaline Acid from Budu Waste and Synthesis Using Calcination Method
Authors: Daupor Hasan
Published: October 2021

Hydroxyapatite powders were synthesised using anchovy fish bone waste collected from the Budu production process. Liquid Budu factory leaved much fish bones waste containing valuable calcium and phosphorous. It was extracted by two different acid solutions (HCl and HNO3) and was subsequently precipitated by NH4OH. Finally, as-prepared products were calcined at 800 °C for 2 hours in a muffle furnace. The per cent yield of both obtaining products was 80%. The obtained samples were characterised by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). As a result, the XRD patterns of the products prepared from two different acids were identical; these acids have no significant influence on the structure of a product. The XRD patterns were identified as calcium magnesium sodium pentaphosphate [Ca9MgNa(PO4)7] or merrillite (MER) crystallisation in the rhombohedral structure, and the crystal sizes of these products were estimated as nanometers. The FT-IR spectra showed the vibration modes of PO4
3- at 562, 596, 983, and 1034 cm−1, while the peak located at 369 cm−1 correspondings to the vibration of the metal-oxygen bonding in the merrillite structure. Moreover, the presence of Mg2+ in the product was confirmed by EDS technique. This paper showed the excellent potential for the phase transformation of merrillite from hydroxyapatite at low temperatures.
Integrated Very Low Frequency and Geoelectrical Resistivity Methods to Study Possibility Shallow Groundwater Pathway in Bedrock Area
Authors: Islami Nur , Irianti Mitri
Published: October 2021

Exploration of groundwater movement has a specific challenge in thick forest area and cover with the shallow hard rock. The use of active and passive geophysical method is needed for groundwater exploration. This study aims to explore the prospect of groundwater zone especially for the groundwater pathway in the area around the hot spring zone. Geoelectrical resistivity and very low frequency (VLF) methods were used with electrode spacing of 2 meter and reading stations of about 5 meter, respectively. The geoelectrical resistivity was carried out using the Wenner configuration in the sites around the hot spring. The results show that the VLF model indicates occurrence of the conductive zones at the depth of about 10 m. The geoelectrical resistivity data show the same pattern with the VLF image. These conductive zones which is appeared in the VLF model are indicating as the zone of groundwater water pathway from the source to the hot spring zones. The geoelectrical resistivity data also showed the same possibility of groundwater pathway.
Comparison of Grayscale Value in T1-Weighted Pre- and Post-Contrast Brain MRI Images: with and without Fat Suppression Technique
Authors: Asri Isnindar Tandya , Widodo Chomsin Sulistya , Wadjib Yuyun Yueniwati Prabowowati
Published: October 2021

The MRI T1-weighted image can provide information on the pre- and post-contrast images. Post-contrast images is an image obtained after the administration of GBCA In some cases, not all post-contrast images can show clear lesions so it requires additional technique in the form of Fat Suppression (FS), which works by suppressing the fat signal in an image. The T1-weighted images with and without FS have a different signal intensity. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare the signal intensity of the pre- and post-contrast T1-weighted images with and without the FS technique. The signal intensities are indicated with a grayscale value. There are seven T1-weighted images with FS and seven T1-weighted images without FS. Each of the image have a pre-and post-contrast. Image reading is done by a radiology specialist. Area plot was performed on abnormal tissues in each image. Each area will be measured with an ImageJ software to obtain the grayscale mean value. The measurements of the post contrast T1-weighted image showed an increase in the grayscale mean value with or without the FS technique. This showed that the administration of GBCA can increase the signal intensity on the T1-weighted images with or without the FS technique.
Prepare and Utilize Mesoporous Silica SBA-15 for Efficient Photocatalytic Adsorption of Methylene Blue and Copper(II)
Authors: Raya Indah , Nafie Nursiah La , Thahir Ridhawati , Yasser M. , Ismail Syarif
Published: October 2021

This work has provided a novel technique for preparation, characterization, and utilization of mesoporous silica SBA-15 in waste treatment to remove methylene blue as an organic pollutant and copper(II) as inorganic pollutant sampling with a photocatalytic adsorption system. To process of mesoporous silica SBA-15 was prepared by the sol-gel method for Pluronic as a surfactant template and following the hydrothermal process to high interaction between Pluronik and tetraethyl ortho silicate (TEOS) as precursor reagent. The proceed materials were characterized by the surface analyzer, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared. Mesoporous silica SBA-15 was obtained with hexagonal structure having 72 percent amorphous content, high surface area, large pore-volume, approximately 948 m2/g, and 1.3 cm3/g. The second major finding was that mesoporous silica SBA-15 have a high photocatalytic adsorption capacity to remove methylene blue and copper(II). These present results suggest several courses of action in order to utilize SBA-15 samples in waste treatment.
Effect of Adding Fe3O4 in Graphene/TiO2/Fe3O4 Composite for Phenol Photodegradation Application
Authors: Heltina D , Adharianti N , Randa D G , Komalasari
Published: October 2021

In order to improve the performance of TiO2, a material that can increase the adsorption ability of TiO2 is needed, one of which is graphene. Graphene/TiO2 composites can be used to degrade phenol. The addition of a magnet material to the grapene/TiO2 composite, namely Fe3O4 is expected to facilitate the separation of the catalyst after being used in the phenol degradation process. This study aims to synthesize and characterize graphene/TiO2/Fe3O4 composites. The composite obtained was used to degrade phenol. This research begins with the modification of graphene with the surfactant cocoPAS. Synthesis of graphene/TiO2/Fe3O4 composite with various amount of Fe3O4 in composite (0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 g, respectively). Composites used for phenol degradation and separated after degradation. The composite materials were characterized by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface areas, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. Graphene/TiO2/Fe3O4 composite with a mass of Fe3O4 in the composite of 0.3 g indicates the highest degradation, while the catalyst separation process after phenol degradation showed the fastest time in the separation of the Fe3O4 mass in the composite, which was 0.5 g. the faster the separation time required, but the performance of the composite in degrading phenol is decreasing.
Mechanistic Rheological Evaluation of Asbuton Modified Asphalt on Stiffness Modulus of Asphalt
Authors: Ramdhani Fitra , Rahman Harmein , Subagio Bambang Sugeng
Published: October 2021

Asphalt rheology greatly affects the performance of asphalt mixtures. One of the properties and behavior of asbuton is visco-elastic which is a rheological parameter. Asbuton's visco-elastic properties will affect the durability of the pavement layer. Therefore, knowing the rheological properties of pure asbuton, especially the proportion of visco-elastic asbuton, is expected to improve the rheological properties of oil asphalt. This study aims to evaluate the mechanistic rheology of asphalt modified Asbuton on the stiffness modulus of asphalt. The methodology used in this study is an experimental method, with asphalt mechanistic rheology testing. The results showed that the asphalt stiffness modulus (E*) increased with the addition of Asbuton content. In addition, a review of the effect of temperature with the asphalt stiffness modulus (E*) shows that the higher the test temperature, the lower the asphalt stiffness modulus (E*). Based on the minimum criterion limit of asphalt stiffness modulus, the optimum level of asbuton addition is obtained, which is 30% asbuton content into asphalt pen 80/100.
Study on Modal and Harmonic Response Analysis by Modifying Motorcycle Chassis using Finite Element Method
Authors: Wong Y J , Hashim M S M , Shahriman A B , Rahman A , Azizul Aziz I , Saad M A M , Nasirudin M A , Razlan Z M , Kamarrudin N S , Ibrahim I , Faizi M K
Published: October 2021

Motorcycle chassis is one of the most important structures in the design of a motorcycle. Excessive vibration occurs in chassis is undesirable as it may lead to structural failure and discomfort among riders. This study aims to model the motorcycle chassis and carry out dynamic analysis to understand the behaviour of the chassis under vibration. Modelling of chassis was conducted based on Seri Perlis motorcycle, which is characterised by double cradle frame. In dynamic analysis, the modal and harmonic response analysis were employed in this study of the motorcycle chassis and the material used is low carbon steel. Both modal and harmonic response analysis were conducted using Ansys. The results show natural frequencies for six mode shapes and the steady-state response of the chassis under the engine weight excitation revealed that the deformation under z-axis orientation was more prevalent. From this study, the dynamic behaviour of the chassis was understood and improvement of the chassis can be made in the future.
Performance Analysis of Multi Rotating Savonius Turbines for Exhaust Air Energy Recovery Through CFD Simulations
Authors: Youngblood K , Roy S
Published: October 2021

Wind energy generation in adverse conditions has always been a challenge for the energy industry, especially at low wind speeds. Vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) are promising solutions for low and turbulent wind conditions; however, their low efficiency has been a problem for their application and requires further research initiatives. In this research, a multi-Savonius VAWT arrangement is tested to use an unnatural wind source, a cooling tower exhaust, to improve the turbine performance. The analysis method was done by a series of two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations using Ansys FLUENT. A grid sensitivity test was performed, and the numerical model was validated against published numerical and experimental results. Test cases with single and multi-turbine configurations at six different tip speed ratios were then performed to calculate the turbine performance. The multi-turbine configuration improved the power coefficient by up to 19.29%. The multi- turbine arrangement has proven to be an effective means of increasing the performance of the Savonius turbine for the exhaust energy recovery system.
Developing an empirical model to predict the winding coil temperature for a compact wind turbine
Authors: Zaiazmin Y N , Ismail K A , Abdul Manan M S
Published: October 2021

One of the problems with a compact wind generator is a temperature control. The aim of this research is to establish an empirical model for estimating the winding coil temperature through natural convection cooling. The modeling process began with physical experimentation at different operating conditions while measuring temperature at various positions on the compact wind generator. Later, simulation experiment is divided into two sections: Electromagnetic (EM) simulation and Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulation. The electromagnetic simulation was applied and tested successfully, with a Vpeak discrepancy of less than 4 percent. While the CFD software was then used to replicate the natural convection cooling effects at the compact generator. The CFD results were validated by experimental measurements with a difference in winding coil temperature of less than 9 percent. Then, using Design of Experiment (DOE), various operating conditions were simulated to evaluate the results and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to develop the empirical model. The empirical model for estimating the winding coil temperature with a difference of less than 10% from experimental data was successfully developed. As a result, the empirical model can be used to estimate the winding coil temperature at different operating conditions with a good accuracy.
Aerodynamics Analysis of UniMAP Automotive Racing Team Formula SAE Race Car spoiler via Simulation: Effect of Angle of Attack
Authors: Wafi A , Basha M H , Tasyrif M , Hamid M F
Published: October 2021

When a racing car moves at high velocity, aerodynamic factors will cause a lift and drag force, causing the speeding vehicle to lose stability, traction and speed. To solve this problem, racing cars use a rear spoiler as a medium to reduce drag and lift, increasing the car’s stability. This study explores the idea that focuses on the impact of the angle of attack on UniART SAE race car performance and the effect of angle of attack on drag force and downforce. ANSYS Fluent is used to generate the simulation In the context of the lift force analysis, angle of attack equal to 12.5° produce the most outstanding results and generated the highest negative lift force value between three tested angles. The highest negative lift force generated is 35.658 N at the inlet velocity of 105 km/h. Furthermore, by referring to drag force analysis, it shows an increasing trend when the variable angle of attack parameter is changed to a higher value. Angle 25° produced the highest drag force data which is 60N and the inlet velocity condition is set equal to 105 km/h.
Aerodynamics Analysis of UniMAP Automotive Racing Team Formula SAE race car spoiler via simulation: Effect of Spoiler Size
Authors: Wafi A , Basha M H , Tasyrif M , Hamid M F
Published: October 2021

Lift force that occurred on a speeding race car will cause the vehicle to lost its stability, traction and speed. Therefore, a car spoiler is installed on a race car to reduce the lift force, making the vehicle more stable. The present work investigated the impact of spoiler size on the drag force and downforce value on the UniART FSAE race car using simulation software. From the results, a larger spoiler size gives the highest downforce compared to other sizes. The downforce and the area of the spoiler showed a directly proportional relationship. The result of drag force led us to conclude drag force increase if the spoiler is mounted at the rear part of the car, however different sizes of spoiler doesn’t seem to have a big effect on the drag force.
Static and Dynamics Analysis of Bicycle Frame
Authors: Tan W H , Ashraf M , Ooi L E , Niresh J
Published: October 2021

Leisure bike became a trend among the people in Malaysia as their method of exercise. The problem rises as the riders start to complain about their muscle fatigue after long cycling. This study aims to determine how the changing of material of the bicycle frame and the insertion of the suspension system can reduce vibration. This study was conducted using aluminium alloy as the material for bicycle frame to reduce the vibration and the weight of the bike. The suspension system has also been customized into the bicycle frame as the main vibration absorber. The CAD model was developed and been analysed using static and dynamic analysis based on the specific boundary condition. The result showed a small deformation occurs on the frame that causes the frame to deflect from the original shape as depicted in modal analysis. Overall, it is concluded that a suspension system adopted on the bicycle frame can have a significant enhancement in vibration reduction on the rider.
Design and analysis of a solar integrated agriculture irrigation system for rural farming area
Authors: Aziz NA , Amin NAM , Mohamad A , Mohamad MS Bin , Saad MAM , Rahman MTA , Izham M
Published: October 2021

Precision farming involves a management strategy to increase productivity and economic returns with reduced environmental impacts. Precision farming is available for small farm agriculture and big farm agriculture, and it plays a significant role in rural development programs in the agriculture industry. Accordingly, an automated solar integrated agriculture irrigation system is proposed to effectively help farmers in rural areas supply the water to their farms. The proposed automated system is expected to increase productivity and provide better quality control, as well as minimising the work labour time. The system was designed by considering various design factors, such as the reliability, safety, and ergonomic factors, to ensure the product is user friendly. Besides, the material selection process and parametric studies conducted to determine the right sizing and position of the components are discussed. Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) analysis was used to simulate the water tank to visualise the water flow. From the design analysis, a higher water tank placement and bigger pipe diameter are found to make the system more efficient.
A review on the correlation between exhaust backpressure and the performance of IC engine
Authors: Murali R , Shahriman A B , Razlan Z M , Ahmad W K W , Azizul A I , Rojan M A , Ma’arof M I N , Radzuan M A , Hassan M A S M , Ibrahim Z
Published: October 2021

The exhaust system in any Internal Combustion (IC) engine is a critical component that affects the engine’s performance. A poorly designed exhaust system generally results in an increment of exhaust backpressure. Backpressure is one of the fluid’s characteristics that acts as a resistance to exhaust gas flow. Relatively higher backpressure blocks the exhaust gas flow from discharging efficiently, decreasing the engine’s performance. In general, higher backpressure results in power and torque loss as well as higher fuel consumption and emission to the environment. This review paper aims to elucidate the relationship between exhaust backpressure and the performance of IC engine. Various past studies were conducted to study the effect of exhaust backpressure on the performance of IC engine through Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulation, engine simulation and experimental analysis. Some studies used Taguchi’s method to optimize the exhaust manifold’s design in respect to backpressure decrement. It was found that 0.22 kW to 0.45 kW of engine’s power increases for every 1 kPa of exhaust backpressure decrement. At the same time, 1.5% to 3% of fuel consumption decreases for every 10 kPa of backpressure decrement. In contrast, higher backpressure does reduce the Nitrous Oxides (NOx) emission in the exhaust gas due to higher temperature. Therefore, exhaust backpressure must be minimized to improve any IC engine’s performance if the NOx emission is neglected. This review paper is expected to provide a better understanding of the impact of exhaust backpressure on IC engine’s performance.
A Simulation on Influence of Cooling at Rake Face to Tool Temperature
Authors: Zakaria M S , Nawi M A M , Khor C Y , Rosli M U M
Published: October 2021

In this paper, heat balance equation at the tool is derived and modified. The equation covered heat generated at tool-chip interface and dissipation via rake face and flank face. Based on heat balance equation derived, heat removal from the tool can be improved by reducing rake face length exposed to ambient air. A cooling source from water is introduced at a fraction of exposed rake face with high heat transfer coefficient. Finite element study conducted shows tool temperature closed to cutting edge is reduced by 23% by increasing length of water cooling at rake face. In addition, increasing area of water cooling shows significant impact on tool temperature when tool temperature decent by 31% compared to without cooling from water. The presence of cooling source at a fraction of exposed rake face has remarkable effect on tool temperature.
Research on Different Types of Cooling System on Ground Mounted Solar Photovoltaic System for Electrical Output Enhancement
Authors: Elias M A , Jais R M , Muda N , Azlin N A , Ahmad N M
Published: October 2021

Solar photovoltaic (PV) can be used to generate power by using semiconductor materials to convert solar energy into electricity. In Malaysia, solar PV technology plays a significant role in increasing renewable energy generation capacity target at 20% by 2025. Malaysia’s strategic location at the equator makes it possible to achieve this target. However, several challenges need to be mitigated when implementing this technology, among others is the effect of temperature on solar PV system performance. Solar PV panel is currently rated at a range of efficiency between 13% to 20%. The efficiency of the PV panel is affected by temperature where the PV power and efficiency decrease at the rate of -0.5%/°C and -0.05%/°C respectively as the ambient temperature increases. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of different types of PV cooling systems in reducing the solar PV panel temperature. In this study, the PV systems were retrofitted by two types of cooling system which are passive cooling and active cooling systems. The results of panel temperatures were measured against the control system without the cooling mechanism. The research was conducted in real operating condition with direct sunlight. Active cooling system reduced the temperature of the PV system and improved the electrical output by 4.9% while the best passive cooling system improved the output by 3%. Factors contributing to the results are also discussed in this paper.
Performance of CI Engine Using Swirl Type Retrofit
Authors: Somanath Swamy R H M , Yerrennagoudar Hiregoudar , Mahesh G , Vishwanatha J S
Published: October 2021

Due to its higher thermal efficiency diesel engines are used worldwide in transportation, agriculture and many. The problem associated with these diesel engines are less efficiency and release of toxic emissions like CO, HC and NOx to the atmosphere. These problems can be overcome by use of alternative fuels and by engine modification. Modification of fuel spray is one of the methods to achieve complete combustion of fuel, which helps in achieving higher efficiency and reduced toxic emissions. This work is carried out by using an attachment for fuel injector known as retrofit. Experiments were conducted using retrofit attached to fuel injector nozzle and found to be increased in efficiency of the engine and reduced toxic emissions when compared with conventional injector without retrofit.
Cloud based AI approach for predictive maintenance and failure prevention
Authors: Karthik T S , Kamala B
Published: October 2021

Every industry has utilized machines of various types for many functions. The manufacturing industry has utilized machines since the industrial revolution for mass manufacturing. Operating machines continuously can lead to faults and require maintenance and repairs. As computing power increased and various technologies such as embedded systems, artificial intelligence, deep learning, cloud computing etc. were developed, new systems were implemented to perform diagnostics on machines. In this paper, A conceptual system architecture of a cloud based AI system to predict potential failure of a component by analyzing data collected from various sources and develop inspection and maintenance schedules is proposed. The application of technologies such as Artificial Intelligence, Cloud computing and process mining in the system is discussed in detail. The operation of the system in a real world condition is discussed by developing a system architecture for maintenance and failure prediction of aircraft fan blades of an aircraft engine. The future application of the system with potential increase in capability is discussed.
Optimization of Injection Pressure on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine Using Waste Cooking Oil
Authors: Arunprasad S , Indumathi R , Sharmila N , Saravana Priya S
Published: October 2021

Biodiesel is one of the alternative fuels made from vegetable oil, environment friendly and can reduce the emission compared with diesel fuel. In this present work, an effort has been made to investigate the performance and emission characteristics of a single cylinder diesel engine fueled with blends of waste cooking oil (WCO). Experiments were conducted with different blends of waste cooking oil (25,50,75%) in diesel engine for various loads. Also, experiments were conducted by changing the injection pressure from 200 bar to 240 bar in the step of 20 bar. The results clearly show that lower brake thermal efficiency and higher brake specific fuel consumption were obtained with WCO by varying the injection pressure. Lower in CO and HC and higher in NOx emission were observed for WCO for different injection pressure. Lower smoke opacity was found by changing pressure. Taguchi method were used to find the optimum level of injection pressure, fuel fraction and blends of waste cooking oil.
Study on CRDI engine for the various fuel injection pressures
Authors: Balaji G , Sathish Kumar T R , Mankar Sanket , Kumar Anand
Published: October 2021

The people in our society are highly depended on petroleum for their activities. The petroleum is a finite source and it produce several problems such as rising carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere. Around 75% of fuel produced is used for as an energy source for transportation, heat and electricity generation. This study was carried out to understand the effect of fuel injection pressure on the CRDI engine for the performance, combustion and emissions. This work has been done out on a four stroke, single cylinder diesel engine. The fuel injection pressure was varied from 400 bar, 500 bar and 600 bar by having the fuel injection angle as 20°bTDC. The collected data were analysed for various parameters such as brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), CO, CO2, HC, NOxand Smoke emissions for diesel fuel. CO, HC and smoke emissions were reduced by increasing the fuel injection pressure. NO and CO2emissions were increasing by increasing the fuel injection pressure. This is due to injected fuel droplets find smaller as the injection pressure increase, which leads to improve atomization of the fuel. The BTE and SFC were not much varying.
Performance comparison of solar stills with different fin materials coupled with PCM energy storage
Authors: Sathish Kumar T R , Balaji G , Deepak Kumar A , Sivanath K , Thirumalai S
Published: October 2021

Low productivity is a major issue to be addressed in solar still which is considered to be an economical and viable gadget used to convert brackish water into potable water in remote and rural regions of developing countries. In the present work, an attempt has been made to improve the productivity of solar still by incorporating fins and energy storage materials. Two identical single slope single basin solar stills were fabricated with an effective basin area of 0.5 m2 (1000 mm x 500 mm) and glazing inclination of 120 with the horizontal. Experiments were conducted to compare the performance of conventional solar still with finned solar still attached with paraffin wax as phase change material (PCM). Two different materials; Galvanized iron and Aluminium were used to fabricate the basin and tubular fins. The experimental results showed that the productivity and the daily efficiency of the solar still with fins and energy storage were higher compared to solar still with mere fins and solar still with mere energy storage. Further, solar still with Aluminium fins exhibited superior performance compared to the solar still with galvanized iron fins.