bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El depósito bancario escrow y su fundamento en Panamá.
Authors: Beck Andrés
Published: December 2021

El presente artículo tiene dos objetivos. En primer lugar, intenta dar una idea general de la fgura del depósito bancario, como un contrato, cuando este utiliza la modalidad y se le da la fnalidad de escrow. En consecuencia, plantea la fundamentación de dicha fgura en el principio de libertad contractual que inspira el Derecho Privado en Panamá. Para cumplir lo anterior, se plantea que la existencia de fguras contractuales atípicas, como lo es el depósito bancario escrow, son necesarias válidas dentro del ordenamiento, y de igual manera, son la expresión de la amplia libertad jurídico-privada que ofrece Panamá.
CYBERTERRORISM: MAIN THREATS AND LEGAL REGULATION ISSUES
Authors: КУДИНОВ Владимир Владимирович
Published: December 2021

В статье рассматриваются особенности правового регулирования противодействия кибертерроризму, исследовано понятие «кибертерроризм», показаны основные угрозы, исходящие от террористических организаций «Исламское государство Ирака и Леванта» (ИГИЛ) и «Аль-Каида» (запрещены в РФ), предложены основные направления по противодействию угрозам кибертерроризма.

The article examines the features of the legal regulation of countering cyberterrorism, explores the concept of “cyberterrorism”, shows the main threats emanating from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) and Al-Qaeda (terrorist organizations banned in the Russian Federation), suggests the main directions of countering the threats of cyberterrorism.
ON THE CONTENT OF THE SUBJECTIVE SIDE OF BRINGING A MINOR TO SUICIDE
Authors: СТАРЖИНСКАЯ Анна Николаевна
Published: December 2021

В статье рассматривается статистика совершенных в Российской Федерации суицидов, а также проблемы квалификации преступлений, связанных с доведением до самоубийства.

The article discusses the statistics of suicides committed in the Russian Federation, as well as the problems of qualifying crimes associated with incitement to suicide.
PROSPECTS FOR MANAGEMENT OF INVESTIGATIVE BODIES USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Authors: БУРЫНИН Сергей Сергеевич
Published: December 2021

В статье с учетом новейшей нормативной базы, анализа взглядов ученых и практиков раскрывается понятие искусственного интеллекта применительно к управлению следственными органами. Определяются перспективы использования искусственного интеллекта в управлении следственными органами с установлением соответствующих целей и задач. Кроме того, на примере регионального следственного подразделения Следственного комитета Российской Федерации приводятся конкретные функциональные задачи элементов управляющей подсистемы, решение которых возможно с применением искусственного интеллекта.

Taking into account the latest regulatory framework, the analysis of the views of scientists and practitioners, the article reveals the concept of artificial intelligence in relation to the management of investigative bodies. The author determines the prospects for the use of artificial intelligence in the management of investigative bodies with the establishment of appropriate goals and objectives. In addition, the article uses the example of the regional investigative unit of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation to present specific functional tasks of the elements of the control subsystem, the solution of which is possible with the use of artificial intelligence.
ON THE CAPABILITIES OF THE DEVICE “ILYUMIN” IN THE DISCLOSURE AND INVESTIGATION OF CRIMES
Authors: КУПИН Алексей Федорович
Published: December 2021

В статье рассмотрены функциональные возможности прибора «ИЛЮМИН» как одного из средств технико-криминалистического и экспертного обеспечения раскрытия и расследования преступлений. В частности, описан принцип работы, изложены результаты проведенных автором экспериментальных исследований по измерению приведенной яркости люминесценции бумаги с помощью прибора «ИЛЮМИН», определены задачи, при решении которых использование рассматриваемого прибора является состоятельным и целесообразным.

The article considers the functionality of the device “ILYUMIN” as one of the means of technical, forensic and expert support for the detection and investigation of crimes. In particular, the author describes the principle of operation, presents the results of his experimental studies on measuring the reduced luminescence brightness of paper using the device “ILYUMIN”, and determines the tasks for which the use of the device in question is consistent and appropriate.
CAUSES OF MASS RIOTS IN THE MODERN PERIOD AND PECULIARITIES OF THEIR INVESTIGATION (BASED ON A SUMMARY OF THE INVESTIGATIVE PRACTICE)
Authors: ХМЕЛЁВА Алла Владимировна
Published: December 2021

В статье рассматриваются вопросы расследования преступлений, предусмотренных ст. 212 УК РФ - «Массовые беспорядки». На основе результатов обобщения следственной практики выделяются особенности массовых беспорядков современного периода развития общества и государства. Приводятся статистические данные и примеры следственной практики.

The article deals with the investigation of crimes under Article 212 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation - “Mass riots”. Based on the results of the generalization of investigative practice, the features of mass riots of the modern period of the development of society and the state are highlighted. The author provides statistical data and examples of investigative practice.
ON THE USE OF HIGH TECHNOLOGY IN CRIME INVESTIGATIONS
Authors: ПЛАХОТА Ксения Сергеевна
Published: December 2021

В статье рассматриваются возможности и перспективы применения современных высоких технологий, в том числе искусственного интеллекта, в деятельности правоохранительных органов; приводятся примеры успешного опыта использования информационных технологий в раскрытии и расследовании преступлений в ряде зарубежных стран; обозначаются организационные проблемы освоения таких технологий в нашей стране.

The article discusses the possibilities and prospects of using modern high technologies, including artificial intelligence, in the activities of law enforcement agencies; provides examples of successful experience of using information technologies in solving and investigating crimes in a number of foreign countries; and outlines the organizational problems of mastering such technologies in our country.
CASE STUDY: MANAGEMENT OF PATIENT WITH SHOULDER PAIN BY GENERAL PRACTITIONER
Authors: Nazarian V. M. , Velichko V. I. , Synenko V. I. , Kovalenko S. F.
Published: December 2021

Shoulder pain is one of the most common presentations of musculoskeletal pain with population prevalence of between 7 and 26 %. The most common pathology that affects the shoulder joint is rotator cuff syndrome. The most important aspects in the management of patient with shoulder pain by general practitioner are to ensure an accurate diagnosis and to start the appropriate treatment on time. The main direction of rotator cuff syndrome treatment includes a period of rest from the exacerbating activity and taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In some cases the use of the NSAIDs is not possible, so we decided to suggest an alternative non-pharmacological method of treatment. We treated a patient with rotator cuff syndrome by injections of autologous plasma into the affected muscles and projections of entheses that were involved in the pathological process. We obtained positive results. The shoulder pain had been reduced, mobility and movement had been improved after a course of autologous plasma injections. In our opinion, it is expedient to consider such treatment of the rotator cuff syndrome both as an additional method and separately in case of impossibility of prescribing the main therapy.
A neural network model for short term prediction of surface ozone at Pone
Authors: GUHATHAKURTA P.
Published: December 2021

A new method for short term prediction of air pollution is presented using the neural network technique, Due to increase in industrial and anthropogenic activity, air pollution is a serious subject of concern today, Surface ozone can be considered as a representative of total atmospheric oxidants and of air pollution, A three layer neural network model using the technique of adaptive pattern recognition is developed, The model can predict the mean surface ozone between 12 and 13 hours (hour of maximum concentration), The model can perform well both in training and independent periods, The classical methods of short term modelling are not reliable enough, The method can also be used for short term prediction of other air pollutants.
Risk factors associated with the presence of Mycobacterium bovis in macroscopic lesions suspected as being caused by bovine tuberculosis detected in slaughterhouses
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barcelos Flávio Gomes , Anjos Taís Ramalho dos ,   Universidade de Cuiabá, Alencar Leila Auxiliadora de Arruda ,   Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Castro Vinicius Silva ,   Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cunha-Neto Adelino ,   Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Carvalho Fernanda Tavares ,   Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Espinosa Mariano Martinez ,   Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Carvalho Ricardo Cesar Tavares ,   Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Figueiredo Eduardo Eustáquio de Souza ,   Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso
Published: December 2021

Mycobacterium bovis is a bacterium belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex that causes tuberculosis in cattle and in other domestic and wild animals, as well as in humans. Disease control measures are carried out by slaughtering animals tested positive in the intradermal tuberculinization test and sanitation of their original living spaces, in addition to epidemiological surveillance carried out through the sanitary inspection of bovine carcasses in slaughterhouses. In the latter, official inspection services collect samples from macroscopic lesions suspected of bovine tuberculosis, which are then sent for laboratory analysis. Knowledge concerning the variables associated with the occurrence of M. bovis can aid in decision-making regarding control and disease eradication efforts. In this context, the aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for a positive M. bovis diagnosis in suspected bovine tuberculosis lesions obtained during epidemiological surveillance activities in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. A total of 105 suspicious lesions were analyzed using the Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (nested q-PCR) method, of which 14 (13.33%) tested positive for M. bovis. Univariate and bivariate statistical analyses indicated that the variable “animal slaughter” was the only risk factor presenting statistical significance associated with the diagnosis of M. bovis (p < 0.05), demonstrating that macroscopic lesions suspected as being caused by bovine tuberculosis from animals with an in vivo diagnosis were 2.82 - fold more likely to result in a positive M. bovis diagnosis by molecular tests.
Identification of the contaminating psychrotrophic bacteria in refrigerated bulked raw milk and the assessment of their deteriorating potential
Authors:   Instituto Federal do Sudeste de Minas Gerais, Condé Patricia Rodrigues , Pinto Cláudia Lúcia de Oliveira ,   Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais, Gandra Scarlet Ohana ,   Instituto Federal do Sudeste de Minas Gerais, Campos Renata Cristina Almeida Bianchini ,   Instituto Federal do Sudeste de Minas Gerais, Silva Roselir Ribeiro da ,   Instituto Federal do Sudeste de Minas Gerais, Costa Jhonatan Faria da ,   Instituto Federal do Sudeste de Minas Gerais, Martins Maurilio Lopes ,   Instituto Federal do Sudeste de Minas Gerais
Published: December 2021

This work aimed to characterize, identify, and determine the deteriorating potential of the contaminating psychrotrophic bacteria in refrigerated raw milk. Samples were submitted to serial dilutions and plated in specific culture media to form a bacterial culture collection. The isolates were characterized for their morphology and biochemical characteristics. The deteriorating potential of the isolates was determined according to the proteolytic, lipolytic and lecithinase activities at 4.0 ºC, 6.5 ºC, and 25.0 ºC. The results obtained for deterioration potential were assessed by the multivariate statistical method and by the principal components analysis (PCA). A total of 159 isolates were characterized, and of these, 46 strongly proteolytic Gram-negative isolates were selected for identification using the API 20 NE kit. The predominant bacteria were Gram-negative and oxidase and catalase positive, with a predominance of bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas. Using PCA, it was shown that the bacteria with the greatest deterioration potential were lecithinase producers, and that, in the autumn, proteolytic bacteria predominated at 4.0 ºC. Of the 46 isolates identified, more than 80% belonged to the species Pseudomonas fluorescens. Thus, attention should be given to the importance of implementing microbial contamination prevention measures in the bulking process, since, even under refrigeration, psychrotrophic bacteria multiply and produce enzymes that deteriorate lipids and proteins, with consequent quality losses of the milk and its derivatives, yield losses in the production of dairy products, and economic losses.
Manajemen Sarana Prasarana di SD Inpres Umapura, Kecamatan Alor Barat Laut Kabupaten Alor
Authors: Nasir Rahmad , M. Hering Rahman , Rosanti Atik
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini tentang manajemen sarana prasarana di SD Inpres Umapura yang memiliki tujuan agar mengetahui mutu tahapan manajemen sarana prasarana sekolah dimulai perencanaan, pengadaan, pengaturan, penggunaan dan penghapusan. Subjek penelitian ini yakni kepala sekolah dan objek dari penelitian ini yaitu sistem manajemen sarana prasarana sekolah yang selama ini terjadi. Sumber data penelitian ini berasal dari observasi dan pencermatan dokumen terhadap situasai sarana prasarana sekolah serta wawancara terhadap kepala sekolah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mutu perencanaan sebesar 73,6% terkategori cukup baik, mutu pengadaan sebesar 75% (cukup baik), mutu pengaturan pada angka 66,66% dalam kategori cukup baik, mutu penggunaan yakni 65,625% terkategori cukup baik serta mutu penghapusan sebesar 25% yang dikategorikan tidak baik. Penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi untuk melakukan perubahan besar pada tahapan penghapusan, sementara perubahan kecil pada tahapan perencanaan, pengadaan, pengaturan dan penggunaan sarana prasarana sekolah.
E-PERAKENDECİLERİN BİLGİ YÖNETİMİ VE TÜKETİCİ ÇEVRİMİÇİ GÜVEN UNSURLARINA İLİŞKİN UYGULAMALARI: AMPİRİK BİR ÇALIŞMA
Authors: Habiboglu Ozge , Akturan Ulun , Pirtini Serdar
Published: December 2021

Çalışmanın amacı, elektronik perakendecilerin bilgi yönetimi ve tüketici çevrimiçi güven unsurlarına ilişkin uygulamalarını tespit etmektir. Toplam perakende sektörü içerisinde elektronik perakendecilik en hızlı gelişen perakende türüdür. Özellikle COVİD-19 pandemisi sonrasında elektronik perakendecilere olan talep büyük ölçüde artış göstermiştir. Bu bağlamda bu çalışmada nitel araştırma kullanılmış ve Türkiye’de en fazla alışveriş yapılan e-perakendecilerin web siteleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmada önceden belirlenmiş kodlar üzerinden data toplanmış ve toplanan data içerik analizi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda en çok alışveriş yapılan e-perakendecilerin- çoğunluğu Türk menşeili ve fiziksel mağazası yok- firma, kargo, güvenli alışveriş, yardım, iade ve değişimlerle ilgili şeffaf bir şekilde bilgi paylaştığı görülmüştür. Ancak tüketicilerin negatif yorumlarına ve şikayetlerine fazla yer verilmediği tespit edilmiştir.
POLİTİK YETİ VE BİLGİ PAYLAŞIMI DAVRANIŞI: KARŞILIKLI İLİŞKİ BEKLENTİSİNİN ARACI ROLÜ
Authors: Kartaltepe Behram Nihal , Eser Gül
Published: December 2021

Bu araştırmada politik yetinin bilgi paylaşımı davranışı üzerindeki etkisinde, karşılıklı ilişki beklentisinin aracı rolü incelenmiştir. Bilgi paylaşımı davranışı, bilgi yönetiminin en önemli bileşenlerinden birisi olarak örgütler açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Çalışanın bilgisinin kurumun bilgisi haline gelmesi ve kurumun işleyişinde kullanılabilmesinin önem arz etmesi nedeniyle, bilgi paylaşımı davranışının öncellerinin belirlenmesi ve bilgi paylaşım davranışının teşvik edilmesine yönelik uygulamalara yer verilmesi önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada da, bilgi paylaşım davranışı üzerinde etkili olabileceği düşünülen politik yeti ve karşılıklı ilişki beklentisi bir model kapsamında incelenmiştir. Araştırmaya 265 özel sektör çalışanı katılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, politik yeti ve bilgi paylaşımı davranışı arasındaki ilişkide karşılıklı ilişki beklentisinin kısmı aracı role sahip olduğu ortaya koyulmuş ve araştırmanın hipotezi kısmen doğrulanmıştır.
Co-creating with BAME students in legal education
Authors: Daramy Fatmata , Duffin Morag , Ilyas Ibrahim , Taylor David
Published: December 2021

This article explores the challenges of addressing inequitable outcomes and experiences for BAME Law students. It considers the specific challenges BAME students face in entering a profession that is highly competitive, and which has traditionally lacked diversity. It details the approach
that The University of Law, as a specialist legal educational institution, has taken to work and co-create with its student body to reduce these inequitable outcomes and experiences, as well as to improve a wider sense of belonging between students, their educational institution and the legal
sector. It takes, as a case study, The University of Law's BAME Student Advocate scheme, which was established in the spring of 2020, and spotlights a few key projects delivered by the BAME Advocates: an employer engagement project, a Ramadan project and a project on raising awareness
of institutional racism through the Stephen Lawrence case.
SISTEM INFORMASI PELAYANAN PARKIR DI KLINIK NOVA MEDIKA BERBASIS QR CODE
Authors: Feggy Dhika , Suradi Agustinus , Wuryandari Aryati
Published: December 2021

Klinik Nova Medika pada saat ini belum menggunakan sistem dengan dukungan IT dalam pengolahan datanya khususnya pengelolaan parkir. Sistem parkir yang berjalan sekarang menggunakan cara manual yaitu ditulis pada kertas atau disebut juga karcis parkir. Pengguna kendaraan yang memasuki area parkir diberi karcis parkir oleh petugas parkir, kemudian nomor tersebut disimpan oleh pengguna kendaraan yang digunakan jika akan keluar atau meninggalkan area parkir. Beberapa permasalahan yang muncul di Klinik Nova Medika yaitu belum terkelolanya proses pengolahan sistem parkir dengan baik, pelaporan bahkan adanya kehilangan kendaraan bermotor karena tidak teridentifikasi dengan baik antara kendaraan dengan karcis parkir, sehingga diperlukan suatu sistem untuk membantu dalam pengelolaannya. Metode pengembangan perangkat lunak yang digunakan adalah metode waterfall. Sedangkan metode pengumpulan data untuk menggunakan metode observasi dan wawancara. Bahan dan materi penelitian yang diperoleh terdiri dari identitas karyawan atau petugas, jadwal jaga karyawan dan ruang parkir. Penelitian ini menghasilkan sebuah aplikasi yang dapat digunakan untuk membantu dalam mengelola layanan parkir di Klinik Nova Medika berbasis QR Code. Sistem informasi pelayanan parkir dan laporan dibuat terkomputerisasi menggunakan perangkat lunak Microsoft Visual FoxPro 9.0. Melalui aplikasi ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pengelola parkir didalam melakukan layanan parkir di Klinik Nova Medika.
PENERAPAN DATA MINING DALAM MENGELOMPOKKAN KUNJUNGAN WISATAWAN DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA MENGGUNAKAN METODE K-MEANS
Authors: Setio Bambang , Prasetyaningrum Putri
Published: December 2021

Yogyakarta merupakan salah satu kota di Indonesia yang memiliki daya tarik wisata dan merupakan kota tujuan wisata yang paling diminati oleh wisatawan, dilihat dari jumlah kunjungan wisatawan yang semakin naik dari tahun ke tahun. Selain sebagai kota wisata, Yogyakarta merupakan kota pelajar, kota budaya dan kota perjuangan. Karena Yogyakarta disebut sebagai kota wisata, banyak berbagai macam objek wisata yang ditawarkan oleh Kota Yogyakarta. Dalam hal ini, penerapan datamining mampu menjadi solusi dalam menganalisa data. Clustering termasuk ke dalam descriptive methods, dan juga termasuk unsupervised learning dimana tidak ada pendefinisian kelas objek sebelumnya. Sehingga clustering dapat digunakan untuk menentukan label kelas bagi data-data yang belum diketahui kelasnya. Metode K-Means termasuk dalam partitioning clustering yang memisahkan data ke daerah bagian yang terpisah. Metode K-Means sangat terkenal karena kemudahan dan kemampuannya untuk mengelompokkan data besar dan outlier dengan sangat cepat. dari data yang diinputkandan telah di proses melalui metode algoritma K-Means bahwa telah melakukan iterasi sebanyak 5 kali dengan memilih cluster 1, cluster 2, cluster 3 secara acak (random) dengan cluster 1 memiliki 24 data dengan persentase sebesar (50%), cluster 2 memiliki 11 data dengan persentase sebesar (23%),  dan cluster 3 memiliki 13 data dengan persentase sebesar (27%).
La investigación sobre curación de contenidos: análisis de la producción académica
Authors: Guallar Javier , Codina Lluís , Abadal Ernest
Published: December 2021

En este artículo se pretende analizar la producción científica sobre curación de contenidos, estudiando su evolución temporal, aspectos de autoría como las colaboraciones entre autores y sus filiaciones, las revistas y congresos más relevantes así como las temáticas más tratadas. Entre los resultados, se puede destacar la multidisciplinariedad de los estudios sobre curación de contenidos, ya que encontramos ejemplos realizados desde el periodismo a la ingeniería e informática, o desde la educación a la documentación, una distribución de autorías y filiaciones en muchos investigadores y centros, así como una fuerte vinculación temática con los medios sociales, que son los canales más utilizados para su difusión.
Redes y comunidades de descriptores en artículos de Biblioteconomía y Ciencia de la Información (1971-2020)
Authors: Figuerola Carlos G. , Mercado Modesto Escobar , Rodríguez Angel Zazo , Berrocal José Luis Alonso
Published: December 2021

En este artículo se examinan las palabras clave con que los autores describen sus propios trabajos académicos, a partir de los artículos del campo temático Libtary and Information Science del WoS, entre 1971 y 2020. Mediante algoritmos de búsqueda de comunidades propios del análisis de redes se han identificado los principales subcampos temáticos de investigación en esta disciplina y se han analizado sus evoluciones temporales a través del uso de redes dinámicas. Los resultados muestran que algunos descriptores aparecen de manera habitual en el intervalo temporal, pero asociados con diferentes descriptores a lo largo de los años, lo cual es indicativo de una especialización temática. Existen también grupos de descriptores autocontenidos, dibujando subcampos temáticos bien definidos desde sus primeras apariciones. Por otra parte, encontramos comunidades de descriptores bien perfiladas y con metodologías bien asentadas en unas determinadas fechas, que se van expandiendo en el tiempo, añadiendo otros descriptores de especialización, que, asimismo, permiten conectar con otras comunidades temáticas. De las trece áreas encontradas, las principales se han agrupado en torno a seis amplios descriptores interrelacionados: bibliometrics, library, e_government, e_commerce, information_literacy y knowledge_management, cuyas evoluciones se manifiestan con diferentes pautas.
Defensieve geneeskunde: een juridisch-­empirisch perspectief
Authors: Wiznitzer Shosha
Published: December 2021

Defensive medicine: a legal-empirical perspective

Some scholars argue that a growing number of Dutch physicians practice defensive medicine. This implies physicians base their professional decisions primarily on a fear of being held liable. The main question of this article is whether empirical evidence corroborates the claim that Dutch medical liability law causes physicians to behave defensively. I argue that this is not the case. If we assume that the law influences physicians’ behavior, we must also assume physicians know the law. Empirical evidence shows this knowledge is limited. Furthermore, Dutch physicians tend to report low levels of defensive behavior.
Kanttekeningen bij een instrumentele waar­dering van procedurele rechtvaardigheid
Authors: Geeraets Vincent
Published: December 2021

A Critical Assessment of an Instrumental Approach to Procedural Justice

Procedural justice has been at the forefront of empirical legal research in the Netherlands in past years. One of the major goals of this research is to find out what the effects are of the perception of procedural justice. In this article, I argue that the notion of procedural justice is deontological in nature. It has an intrinsic value, which means that it cannot be weighed against other interests. This is recognized in law: people have a right to a fair trial. However, since in social scientific research the focus is on the effects of procedural justice, researchers treat this concept (also) as a consequentialist notion. It is thought of as a means which can serve some useful end. My aim is to assess whether this way of valuing procedural justice can be considered acceptable. An important upshot of my discussion is that conducting research into procedural justice implies a normative stance. Finally, I suggest ways in which an all too instrumental approach to procedural justice can be avoided.
Water bij de wijn: alcohol, legitieme autoriteit en lokale opvattingen over de staat in ruraal Oeganda
Authors: de Bondt Danse Anna Maria
Published: December 2021

The spirit of the law: Alcohol, legitimate authority and colloquial understandings of the state in rural Uganda

Those people in charge of rule creation, implementation or dispute settlement are often imagined to work with – or relate in some way to – the state. The state is often imagined to encompass full authority on law and governance over the people living in a specific space-time dimension. However, in everyday life, practices that intrinsically connect to the creation of ‘the state’ are not necessarily connected to those actors or institutions representing it, nor do they necessarily help to create or maintain the state’s positive image. In this dissertation I ethnographically study the everyday practices of law and governance in rural Uganda by using a relational approach. I follow lower-level government servants, police officers and clan councils in their work and show how colloquial conceptions of tradition, modernity and (un)officialdom blur what constituted the state, (state-)law and legitimate authority. I use alcohol as a lens through which to study these governance practices as its ambiguous status in decision-making practices of clans opens up a window through which discussions on legitimate authority, governance and the state can be explored.
Detection of acoustic wave generated by Baganuur mining explosion
Authors: Lkhagva Tungalag , Chimedtseren Bayarsaikhan , Adiyasuren Narmandakh
Published: December 2021

We analyzed all available recorded infrasound data and determined the station detection capability in Mongolia. While in the winter times, we continuously detect acoustic signals from blasts at the Baganuur open-pit mine (150 km from infrasound I34MN station), which we rarely registered during the summer times. A previous study has shown that the noise level increased by 5 dB - 10 dB in the summer, which affected the detection capability of the stations.
On the other hand, this could be connected to infrasound propagation model difference between winter and summer times. To verify this phenomenon, we installed a new infrasound IBHM station in a forest area at a distance of 350 km from the Baganuur mine area. When we compared the background noise level of the two stations, the noise level at the temporary station was lower than the permanent one, which allowed us to compare winter and summer time registered infra wave characteristics. With the comparison observed and modeled, apparent velocity suggested that winter and summer time detection difference could be due to the propagation model of infrasound wave itself.
The humid and thermal impact on distribution of Sea buckthorn fly (Rhagolethis batava Hering, 1958) in Mongolia
Authors: Baasan Munkhtsetseg , Tumurbaatar Turbat , Balchin Dorjderem
Published: December 2021

A total of 80 species in 1834 types of Tephritidae Newman (fruit flies) were recorded in the Mongolian-Russian comprehensive and joint expedition report, which was organized in 1967-1995. In the course of an itinerary survey conducted in 2019, we have recorded the dispersion of Rhagoletis batava at 223 natural (wild) and planted sea buckthorn points in 22 soums of Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, Zavkhan, Khovd, Selenge and Govi-Altai aimags (provinces).

Accordingly, we summarized the spread of sea buckthorn fruit fly relating mostly to territories that have dry and cooler climates, while some areas are humid and cold. Based on the dispersion points, we determined the current and future changes in the distribution of this species of flies, using the MaxEnt Modeling of geographical distribution. Thermal and humidity rates that affect the flies were estimated using data collected from 18 meteorological stations and sentinel posts. These points are located in different natural zones with an average annual air temperature fluctuating from -4.8 to 3.2°С. For example, in Tes soum of Uvs aimag, Bayantes soum of Zavkhan aimag and in Tes along the Tes river basin the average annual temperature is from -3.7 to - 4.8°С; in Baitag Kharuul of Bulgan soum of Khovd aimag, along the Bulgan river basin, the warmest temperature is 3.2°С, and in other soums it is -2.4 ... 1.8°С.
Morphological Assessments of Root Apex of Permanent Mandibular First and Second Premolars in a Turkish Population
Authors: Babayeva Fidan , Orhan Ekim Onur , Irmak Ozgur
Published: December 2021

There is no apical morphological data being available for mandibular first or second premolars in the Turkish population. The aims of the study were (I) to assess apical morphological data of mandibular first and second premolars in a Turkish population at a young-adult age range (II) to analyze potential correlations between the size and position of the apical foramina (AF). Extracted sound teeth were collected from an adult volunteer population as willing to donate. Morphological data were obtained from specimens using a stereomicroscope. The number, size, shape, and position of AF and frequency of accessory foramina were quantified. Mann-Whitney U and Spearman's rank correlation tests were performed (α=0.05). A total of 237 teeth were investigated. The majority of the specimens had one major AF. The frequency of major AF was between 1–3 for both groups. The median AF size in mandibular first and second premolars were 55,180 µm2 and 67,483 µm2, respectively. The majority of foramina shape was irregular for the mandibular first premolars whereas, was oval for the second premolars. The median location of AF with respect to the anatomic apex was 664 µm in mandibular first premolars and 677 µm in mandibular second premolars. The size and location of AF mostly overlap between the mandibular first and second premolars. The shape of the AF might be the only relevant variation concerning the apical morphology between the mandibular first and second premolars in young adults. The interaction between the size and location of AF in mandibular premolars of young adults seems not significant
Two-Step Method for Assessing Similarity of Random Sets
Authors: Gotovac Đogaš Vesna , Helisová Kateřina , Radović Bogdan , Staněk Jakub , Zikmundová Markéta , Brejchová Kateřina
Published: December 2021

The paper concerns a new statistical method for assessing dissimilarity of two random sets based on one realisation of each of them. The method focuses on shapes of the components of the random sets, namely on the curvature of their boundaries together with the ratios of their perimeters and areas. Theoretical background is introduced and then, the method is described, justified by a simulation study and applied to real data of two different types of tissue - mammary cancer and mastopathy.
Leaf Anatomical Adaptation Under Early Drought Stress of Sugarcane Cultivars – KKU-1999-02 and KKU-1999-03
Authors: Taratima Worasitikulya , Ritmaha Thapakorn , Jongrungklang Nakorn , Maneerattanarungroj Pitakpong
Published: December 2021

Anatomical adaptation is an important feature that allows plants to mitigate drought stress. A comparative leaf anatomy of two drought-tolerant sugarcane cultivars, KKU-1999-02 and KKU-1999-03, was studied in early drought stress between 30 and 90 days after planting using peeling and freehand sectioning methods. KKU-1999-02 and KKU-1999-03 showed different anatomical adaptation features, such as increase in cuticle thickness, bulliform cell size, vascular bundle, and stomatal density, and decreases in leaf thickness and stomatal size. KKU-1999-02 showed more remarkable anatomical changes than KKU-1999-03. The results provide important information that can be applied in combination with other agronomic traits in sugarcane breeding programs to expand the adaptation devices of tolerant cultivars under preliminary drought stress.
CONDITIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON WORK AND OTHER CERTAIN LEGAL SOCIAL, TECHNOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC ISSUES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: Świątkowski Andrzej
Published: December 2021

The European Union is in the initial phase of managing the conditions for the growth of artificial intelligence. Assuming that the above-mentioned electronic technology of the future should be trustworthy, guarantee the safety of its users and develop under human leadership, the Union should be able to convince the Member States of the necessary need for all interested parties to apply modern electronic technologies in practice while respecting European values, principles and human rights. The above common goal, extremely important for the future of European societies, and a uniform unified strategy for achieving it, binds the EU Member States. The above statement applies to all EU Member States, including those with above-average ambitions to become European leaders in the use of artificial intelligence for economic and social development. Considering that the European Union is competing with the USA and China, it is justified to ask whether the strategy of the development and use of artificial intelligence intended by the European Union will enable the achievement of the above goal?
THE FREEDOM OF CONTRACT AND ADDITIONAL CONTRACTS OF THE PARTIES TO THE EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP
Authors: Tomanek Artur
Published: December 2021

The issue of freedom of contract in the individual labour law is discussed in this text taking into account the additional conctracts, concluded by the employer and the employee in addition to the primary contract (i.e. employment contract). The scope of freedom of contract which is construed in the relation to the additional contracts shows deviations from the basic model. The main difference is the recognition of the rule of numerus apertus (as opposed to numerus clausus rule) of additional conctracts. The specifity of additional contracts extends the freedom of parties of an employment relationship to form the content of that legal relationship. This, however, does not prejudge a question of a regulatory model of the above-mentioned freedom.
SUBJECTIVE TRANSFORMATION OF THE EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP OF AN ACADEMIC TEACHER
Authors: Lekston Mariusz
Published: December 2021

A subjective change of the employment relationship by the employer is subject to the regulation of Art. 231 of the labour code. The norm has got a universal character and its application to the employment in an institution of higher education requires taking into account the specificity of two aspects. Firstly, it is the matter of a workplace possessed by an institution of higher education as the employer. Secondly, the higher education act introduces mechanisms which can be defined as characteristic to this form of transfer of a workplace. In case of the former it is important whether an institution of higher education is public or non-public. Subjective transformation of the employment relationship in institutions of higher education should also require consideration of the protection of stability of employment relationship of academic teachers.
Stare i nowe polskie piosenki i pieśni patriotyczne
Authors: Kładoczny Piotr
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to old and new Polish patriotic songs. It contains an analysis of the content of the collected works. The old songs were uplifting in nature and were very important for national culture. They were used to shape identity and build community, and at the same time to communicate important events. They express love for the homeland, proclaim its beauty and the need to fight for the maintenance or recovery of freedom. The new songs were created after 1983 and are already part of popular culture. They are highly individualized and express the emotional personal commitment of the creator. In addition, they move away from religious themes. Modern patriotic songs consist of four currents: traditional, new attitudes, social and historical. Traditional and historical currents are the closest in value to old patriotic songs. The current of new attitudes becomes a place of searching for an individual reference to patriotism. The social trend registers reality and is sometimes used to take a critical look at what is currently happening in Poland.
Znaczenie intuicji językowej w procesie antycypacji – na przykładzie komunikacji obcojęzycznej
Authors: Piegzik Wioletta A.
Published: December 2021

This paper presents the phenomenon of anticipation which is one of the manifestations of linguistic maturity and language user rationality. Anticipation, taking place essentially in implicit structures and based on evolutionary old intuition, improves speech comprehension and increases the efficiency of cognitive processes. The phenomenon in question is presented on the example of foreign language communication, because it is there that the mechanisms governing the formulation of accurate hypotheses about form and content are particularly evident.
The first part of the article discusses speech perception, and with it the categorization and selection of an appropriate cognitive schema conditioning accurate anticipation. The second part presents factors that facilitate and hinder the right hypothesis. Finally, conclusions and directions for future research on anticipation are formulated.
LEGAL CLAIM OF A MILITARIZED FORMATION OFFICER FOR ADMISSION TO SERVICE
Authors: Grześków Małgorzata
Published: December 2021

Employment in militarized services should be of interest not only to representatives of the doctrine of administrative law, but also to labor law. One-sided approach to these issues (only from the perspective of one field of law) gives an incomplete picture and forces to use certain simplifications. The article deals with the issue of the possibility of a militarized service officer claiming to be admitted to service. The analyzed issue was presented in a comparative legal aspect. The aim of the article is to answer the question whether, in the event of an officer not admitting to the service, he has a claim similar to the employee’s claim for admission to work.
The right to a fair trial in the ECHR judicature
Authors: Szuber-Bednarz Ewa Tamara
Published: December 2021

The right to a fair trial is a fundamental human right. It is all the more important
when the right to a fair trial is infringed more and more frequently in various regions of the
world. Therefore, selected ECHR judgments were analysed.
Enforcement of Arbitral Awards Against States - a Risk to Peaceful Relations?
Authors: Karolak Michał
Published: December 2021

The aim of this paper is to present and critically appraise the norms of
international law relating to the enforcement of arbitral awards against States. It canvasses
the main international instruments governing the recognition and enforcement of foreign
arbitral awards (notably the New York Convention). It then elucidates the doctrine of
sovereign immunity in customary international law – and an attempt to codify it – as
a hurdle to enforcement of such awards in domestic courts. The analysis investigates
whether the doctrine acts as a safeguard against jeopardizing peaceful relations between
States while promoting international commerce, foreign direct investment and trade
relations between State and foreign non-State actors. Diplomatic protection is examined
as an alternative to international and national adjudication
Cooperation agreement as an innovative form of cooperation
with the tax administration
Authors: Macudziński Mariusz
Published: December 2021

The goal of the publication is to assess the normative scope of the new form of
cooperation with the tax administration, which is the institution of a cooperation agreement.
This innovative form of relations between entities of tax law is another and necessary
element of modern state policy.
The starting point is the location of the institution of the cooperation agreement
within the scope of the Cooperation Programme, its basic assumptions and conditions, as
well as its reference to the applicable tax law regulations.
It has also been shown that horizontal monitoring is being established within
the framework of this cooperation, which, unlike tax control, does not constitute direct
supervision of the correctness of tax obligations. It is merely a supervision of the taxpayer’s
internal procedures implemented in his company.
A tax agreement is a supplement and a necessary element of the cooperation
agreement, which is a consequence of the cooperation agreement concluded, binding on
both parties to the agreement and guaranteeing the observance of the arrangements in the
scope of the resulting disputes or doubts.
The legal basis for acting in connection with the verification of the taxpayer’s
compliance with the conditions of the cooperation agreement is also a tax audit, the basic
assumptions of which are presented in part 3 of the study
A new method for measurement the residual stresses in friction stir welding
Authors: Jweeg M.J. , Hamdan Z.Kh. , Majeed A.H. , Resan K.K. , Al-Waily M.
Published: December 2021

Purpose: The residual stresses in different welding methods are fundemental problems to consider. Friction stir welding is one of a solid state joining process, it is economical in that it permits joining together different materials, the specimens in this method (FSW) have excellent properties of mechanical as proven by tensile, flextural and fatigue tests, also it is environmentally friendly process minimizes consumption of energy and generate no gasses or smoke. In friction stir welding , there are two kinds of generated residual stresses: tensile stress and compressive stress. So, this study measuring the residual stresses by using a new method for measuring residual stresses depends on tensile testing and stress concentration factor, this method is a simple, fast and low cost, also it is not need special device.
Design/methodology/approach: In previous studies, several techniques were used to predict the value of residual stress and its location, such as destructive, semi-destructive, and non-destructive methods. In this study, a simple, new, and inexpensive way was used based on the tensile test and stress concentration of the friction stir welding (FSW).
Findings: By comparing the results obtained with the previous studies using the X-ray method, with the current research, it was found that the results are good in detecting the location and value of the residual stress of friction stir welding. The value of discrepancy of the residual stress in the results between those obtained by the previous method and the current method was about 3 MPa.
Research limitations/implications: There are many rotational and linear feeding speeds used in this type of welding. This research used two plates from 6061 AA with 3mm thickness, 100 mm width, and 200 mm length. The rotational speed used in friction stir welding was 1400 rpm, and the feeding speed was 40 mm/min.
Practical implications: The residual stress obtained with the new method is 6.2 MPa, and this result approximates other known methods such as the X-ray method in previus studies.
Originality/value: Using a new simple method for measuring residual stresses of friction stir welding depends on stress concentration factor and tensile testing. This method is fast and low cost , also it is not need specialized device, compared to other methods such as x-ray or hole drilling methods.
Analysis of Clinical Characteristics and Chronic Factors of Drug-induced Liver Injury in Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Lin Yanjie , Xu Mengjiao , Yi Wei , Sun Fangfang , Zeng Zhan , Bi Xiaoyue , Yang Liu , Zhang Lu , LI Minghui , Xie Yao
Published: December 2021

Background: This study investigated clinical characteristics and chronic factors of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) among patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Methods: DILI patients were enrolled and divided into a DILI group and an HBV+DILI group. Laboratory indicators were recorded and analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to determine risk factors and the predictive value for chronic DILI. Results: Of all the 114 patients, 87 were in the DILI group and 27 were in the HBV+DILI group. Baseline total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), and incidence of chronicity were significantly higher in the HBV+DILI group than in the DILI group (P = 0.017, P = 0.037, P = 0.045, respectively). However, platelet (PLT) and prothrombin activity (PTA) were significantly lower in the HBV+DILI group than in the DILI group (P = 0.022, P = 0.013, respectively). HBV infection, baseline aspartate aminotransferase (AST) > 200 U/L, and TBIL > 34.2 μmol/L were predictors of chronic DILI (OR = 4.481 [95% CI, 1.298 - 15.470], P = 0.018; OR = 8.478 [95% CI, 2.079 - 34.566], P = 0.003; OR = 7.358 [95% CI, 2.215 - 24.446], P = 0.001). The area under ROC curve (AUC) of joint diagnosis for chronic DILI was 0.814 (95% CI, 0.704 - 0.925, P < 0.001), which was significantly higher than that of single parameter prediction. Also, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of joint diagnosis were 81.0%, 73.1%, 40.5%, and 94.4%, respectively. Conclusions: HBV infection aggravated liver injury. HBV infection, baseline AST > 200 U/L, and TBIL > 34.2 μmol/L were predictors of chronic DILI, and their joint diagnosis could be used to predict chronic DILI effectively.