bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improved labour productivity is imperative for Oman’s economic diversification
Authors: Al-Abri Almukhtar S.
Published: January 2018

This study measures sectoral labour productivity in Oman. Our findings indicate low as well as declining labour productivity across most sectors. Only Financial Intermediation shows some increases in labour productivity. We note that growth in most sectors was largely driven by fiscal spending rather than growth in labour productivity. The findings suggest that improving labour productivity and diversifying the economy can be both achieved by directing future expansions towards high-end industries, which can absorb the highly skilled and highly motivated workforce of Omanis.
Environmental capabilities of small and medium sized enterprises: Towards transition to a low carbon economy in the East Midlands
Authors: Baranova Polina , Paterson Fred
Published: January 2018

This paper presents the results of a survey-based study, which involved 120 small and medium sized enterprises in the East Midlands region of the UK, and aims to explore small and medium sized enterprises environmental practices, environmental capabilities and awareness of the regional support for green growth. Environmental capabilities of small and medium sized enterprises are found to be bound to energy efficiency projects, with very few small and medium sized enterprises having a strategic outlook toward developing these capabilities. The majority of small and medium sized enterprises did not access governmental grants to improve energy efficiency, and those who did accessed governmental rather than NGO or private sources. Around a third of small and medium sized enterprises did not invest in any form of Environmental Management System or Environmental Management Accreditation over the last two years. Environmental capabilities, which are considered to have a direct positive impact on cost reduction, are found to be attracting the highest demand from small and medium sized enterprises. The study offers a typology of small and medium sized enterprises environmental capabilities providing a valuable conceptual development in understanding the links between various environmental capabilities and their significance for the strategic success of an enterprise.
Reduced spinal cord parenchymal cerebrospinal fluid circulation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Fournier Antoine P , Gauberti Maxime , Quenault Aurélien , Vivien Denis , Macrez Richard , Docagne Fabian
Published: January 2018

An alteration of parenchymal cerebrospinal fluid circulation (CSF) has been proposed to take part in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis. By using an intragate T1-weighted high-resolution MRI of the spinal cord of freely breathing mice injected with a gadolinium chelate in the cisterna magna, we show that a parenchymal CSF circulation exists in the spinal cord, in addition to that originally described in the brain. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a model of multiple sclerosis, we show a reduction of parenchymal CSF circulation specifically in the spinal cord but not in the brain.
Integrating Corporate Social Responsibility Awareness Into a Retail Management Course
Authors: Beitelspacher Lauren , Rodgers Vikki L
Published: January 2018

Both students and industry are demanding that marketing instructors incorporate discussions of environmental and social responsibility into their courses. Marketing educators play a critical role in developing the knowledge and skills students need to effectively integrate corporate social responsibility (CSR) into their future business endeavors. Yet many educators struggle with developing meaningful and effective strategies to incorporate CSR authentically into their curricula. The project discussed in this article outlines a learning tool that encourages students to consider CSR in the context of their own purchase decisions while also considering CSR from a broader macro environmental perspective. The main goal is to build a CSR awareness that extends beyond a student’s initial purchase exchange. Using retail as the context, students are required to consider CSR challenges including labor laws, environmental regulations, sourcing issues, and so on from the retailer and supplier relationships as well as the retailer and consumer relationships. Based on preliminary results, students’ awareness of CSR challenges throughout the supply chain increased and the project proved to be an effective way to engage students in real learning about CSR.
The Nature, Measurement, and Development of Imagery Ability
Authors: Cumming Jennifer , Eaves Daniel L.
Published: January 2018

This introduction to a special issue of Imagination, Cognition and Personality discusses how imagery ability is conceptualized, measured, and developed within sport and exercise sciences. Drawing from the model of imagery ability in sport, exercise, and dance, we explain that imagery ability is best understood not as a single undifferentiated general ability but as a complex multiprocess, multisensory, and multidimensional set of capacities. We argue that a more nuanced way of understanding imagery ability and its subcomponents should guide the development and selection of appropriate measurement tools and training methods. Finally, we introduce the four articles that make up this special issue on imagery ability, which collectively present a range of approaches for progressing this area of research further.
A large solitary fibrous tumour of the pleura: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: You Yong-Hao , Liu Rong-Ting , Zhang Yi
Published: January 2018

We report a clinical case of a solitary fibrous tumour of the pleura (SFTP) in a 67-year-old female patient complaining of chest pain for 2 months. A localized large mass was found in the left inferior hemithorax by computed tomography scan. The patient underwent a thoracotomy at the left side with endotracheal anaesthesia. During surgical resection, the tumour was located in the left inferior hemithorax and was attached to the inferior lobe of the left lung and diaphragmatic pleura by a fibrous pedicle. A wedge resection of the left lower lobe was undertaken to completely remove the tumour. Diagnosis of the SFTP was confirmed by the surgical findings and subsequent histological and immunohistochemical examinations. At the 6-month follow-up, no signs of local tumour recurrence or metastasis were documented. After a 3-year follow-up, this patient remains in good health.
Incidence, Severity, and Time Loss Associated With Collegiate Football Fractures, 2004-2005 to 2013-2014
Authors: Cairns Mark A. , Hasty Eddie K. , Herzog Mackenzie M. , Ostrum Robert F. , Kerr Zachary Y.
Published: January 2018

Background:

The inherent risk of any time loss from physical injury in football has been extensively discussed, with many such injuries having a profound effect on the lives of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) football players. However, the incidence of fractures in collegiate football has not been well established.

Purpose:

To examine the epidemiology of fractures in NCAA football.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

Fracture data reported in college football during the 2004-2005 to 2013-2014 academic years were analyzed from the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program (NCAA-ISP). Fracture rates per 1000 athlete-exposures, surgery and time loss distributions, injury rate ratios, injury proportion ratios (IPRs), and 95% CIs were reported.

Results:

Overall, 986 fractures were reported. The rate of competition fractures was larger than the rate of practice fractures (1.80 vs 0.17 per 1000 athlete-exposures; injury rate ratio = 10.56; 95% CI, 9.32-11.96). Fractures of the hand/fingers represented 34.6% of all injuries, while fibula fractures (17.2%) were also common. A majority (62.5%) of all fractures resulted in time loss >21 days. Altogether, 34.4% of all fractures required surgery, and 6.3% were recurrent. The proportion of fractures resulting in time loss >21 days was higher for fractures requiring surgery than fractures not requiring surgery (85.0% vs 50.7%; IPR = 1.68; 95% CI, 1.53-1.83). The proportion of recurrent and nonrecurrent fractures requiring surgery did not differ (35.5% vs 34.3%; IPR = 1.03; 95% CI, 0.73-1.46); however, recurrent fractures were more likely to require surgery than nonrecurrent fractures when restricted to the hand/fingers (66.7% vs 27.2%; IPR = 2.45; 95% CI, 1.36-4.44).

Conclusion:

Fractures in collegiate football were sustained at a higher rate in competition than practice and frequently required extended time lost from participation, particularly among those requiring surgery. Prevention strategies are warranted to reduce incidence and severity of fractures.
Beneficial effects of inhaled nitric oxide with intravenous steroid in an ischemia–reperfusion model involving aortic clamping
Authors: Gozdzik Waldemar , Zielinski Stanisław , Zielinska Marzena , Ratajczak Kornel , Skrzypczak Piotr , Rodziewicz Sylwia , Kübler Andrzej , Löfström Kalle , Dziegiel Piotr , Olbromski Mateusz , Adamik Barbara , Ryniak Stanislaw , Harbut Piotr , Albert Johanna , Frostell Claes
Published: January 2018

This study evaluated the effects of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) therapy combined with intravenous (IV) corticosteroids on hemodynamics, selected cytokines, and kidney messenger RNA toll-like receptor 4 (mRNA TLR4) expression in ischemia–reperfusion injury animal model. The primary endpoint was the evaluation of circulatory, respiratory, and renal function over time. We also investigated the profile of selected cytokines and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein, as well as renal mRNA TLR4 activation determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Pigs (n = 19) under sevoflurane AnaConDa anesthesia/sedation were randomized and subjected to abdominal laparotomy and alternatively suprarenal aortic cross-clamping (SRACC) for 90 min or sham surgery: Group 1 (n = 8) iNO (80 ppm) + IV corticosteroids (25 mg ×3) started 30 min before SRACC and continued 2 h after SRACC release, followed with decreased iNO (30 ppm) until the end of observation, Group 2 (n = 8) 90 min SRACC, Group 3 (n = 3)—sham surgery. Renal biopsies were sampled 1 hr before SRACC and at 3 and 20 h after SRACC release. Aortic clamping increased TLR4 mRNA expression in ischemic kidneys, but significant changes were recorded only in the control group ( P = 0.016). Treatment with iNO and hydrocortisone reduced TLR4 mRNA expression to pre-ischemic conditions, and the difference observed in mRNA expression was significant between control and treatment group after 3 h ( P = 0.042). Moreover, animals subjected to treatment with iNO and hydrocortisone displayed an attenuated systemic inflammatory response and lowered pulmonary vascular resistance plus increased oxygen delivery. The results indicated that iNO therapy combined with IV corticosteroids improved central and systemic hemodynamics, oxygen delivery, and diminished the systemic inflammatory response and renal mRNA TLR4 expression.
Perceived Environments as Physical Activity Correlates and Moderators of Intervention in Five Studies
Authors: King Abby C. , Toobert Deborah , Ahn David , Resnicow Ken , Coday Mace , Riebe Deborah , Garber Carol E. , Hurtz Shannon , Morton Jessica , Sallis James F.
Published: January 2018

Purpose

Few studies have explored how relationships of perceived environment and physical activity vary across different activity domains and populations. This question was explored in five physical activity intervention trials funded by the National Institutes of Health Behavior Change Consortium.

Design

Observational.

Settings

San Francisco peninsula, California (N = 94); Eugene, Oregon (N = 122); Atlanta, Georgia (N = 256); Kingston, Rhode Island (N = 109); Memphis, Tennessee (N = 64).

Subjects

Ethnically diverse community adults ages 18 to 85 years.

Measures

The Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale and CHAMPS physical activity questionnaire. Response rate among those invited to complete these measures was 90%.

Results

Cross-sectional pooled signal detection analysis indicated that people who reported living in neighborhoods with more attractive scenery and ease of walking were more likely to meet national physical activity recommendations (67%) compared with those without these neighborhood attributes (36%, χ2 = 13.04, p = .0003). Within-site multiple regression identified two additional variables–-seeing others when walking and encountering loose dogs that make it difficult to walk–-as correlates across multiple sites and activity domains (i.e., minutes of weekly moderate or more vigorous activity, walking for errands, walking leisurely) (incremental R2 = 2.0–7.5; p < .05). Analyses of covariance suggested that traffic safety might be particularly important in facilitating or impeding physical activity in response to a formal intervention (for traffic-arm assignment interactions, F = 3.8–7.0, p ≤ .05).

Conclusions

Relationships between perceived environments and physical activity may differ depending upon population groups and activity domains and merit investigation by using stronger prospective designs.
Shelter Environment and Placement in Community Affects Lifestyle Factors among Homeless Families in Minnesota
Authors: Richards Rickelle , Smith Chery
Published: January 2018

Purpose

To investigate the impact of the shelter environment and surrounding community on lifestyle factors influencing the health of homeless families.

Design and Setting

Seven focus groups were conducted at two homeless shelters serving families in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Food resources and food prices at convenience stores were recorded within a five-block radius of shelters.

Subjects

Low-income parents of children aged 3–12 years (n = 53).

Measures

Focus groups were transcribed verbatim, evaluated for common themes, coded, and reevaluated for consistency. Food resources were mapped via GIS software, and recorded food prices were compared to available TFP market basket prices.

Analysis Results

The shelter environment and surrounding community influenced lifestyle factors related to health, including food access and availability, exercise behaviors, job access, and day care issues. Participants commented that location of grocery stores, inflated prices, and poor food quality and variety limited their families’ food choice and access. Walking was the main form of exercise and served as a means of transportation. Finding employment, housing, and affordable day care caused high levels of stress because of inadequate social support and government subsidies.

Conclusions

Several strategies should be considered to modify environments affecting lifestyle factors among homeless families, including greater affordability and access of food, reevaluation of food stamp allotments, alterations in urban planning designs, and increased access to affordable day care.
Evaluation of a Community-based Health Promotion Program for the Elderly: Lessons from Seniors CAN
Authors: Collins Claudia C. , Benedict Jamie
Published: January 2018

Purpose

To evaluate the effects of a community-based educational program designed to promote health by enhancing older adults’ mastery while decreasing loneliness and stress.

Methods

Between 1999 and 2004, 339 older adults who participated in Seniors CAN completed standardized assessments of mastery, loneliness, and stress, prior to and upon completion of the 4–month intervention. Participants’ scores were compared using paired t-tests to measure changes from preintervention to postintervention. Change scores were then subjected to three-way ANOVA to assess the relative effectiveness based upon participants’ sociodemographic characteristics.

Results

Participants demonstrated significant improvements from preintervention to postintervention for mastery, loneliness, and stress. Additional analysis revealed that improvement in loneliness was significantly greater among low-income ethnic minorities and minorities with a high level of formal education, p < .05.

Conclusion

The 16-week intervention resulted in significant improvements in constructs associated with better health and a higher quality of life for independent-living older adults. These findings suggest that a community-based educational intervention can be an effective strategy to reduce risk and promote the health and independence of older adults.
Policies and perceptions on generic drugs: The case of Greece
Authors: Xanthopoulou Sofia-Sotiria , Katsaliaki Korina
Published: January 2018

The increase in the consumption of generic drugs to reduce pharmaceutical expenditure is a challenge for many countries, especially during the economic crisis. The purpose of the present study is to review the Greek market of generic drugs and the decisions that shape it, to determine the factors that affect Greek patients’ and doctors’ attitudes about generic substitution and present a set of measures for all stakeholders based on the findings of the secondary and primary analysis. The study includes (a) an analysis of international and national reports and legislation on drugs policies and (b) a questionnaire survey of 242 hospital patients and 85 doctors regarding their perceptions on generics. A small increase in the volume of generics is recorded, yet not followed by sales value, over the recent years that the measures for promoting generics prescription took effect. Distrust from both patients and doctors was observed toward generics’ effectiveness and toward the appropriateness of the regulatory authorities’ quality controls. The study presents a structured set of viable measures, applicable to many countries, for promoting generic drug consumption that can lead to economic efficiency without degrading the health care quality.
Influence of volute design on flow field distortion and flow stability of turbocharger centrifugal compressors
Authors: Sun Zhenzhong , Zheng Xinqian , Linghu Zelin , Kawakubo Tomoki , Tamaki Hideaki , Wang Baotong
Published: January 2018

Volute-induced distortion of the flow field remarkably exacerbates the flow stability of turbocharger centrifugal compressors; hence, reducing the flow field distortion by modifying the volute design is of great significance. This study investigated the influence of volute design on the flow field distortion and flow stability of turbocharger centrifugal compressors. Volutes with different throat areas and different area-to-radius ratio ([Formula: see text]) distributions were designed, and their performances were analyzed via both numerical and experimental methods. The results show that the throat area and the [Formula: see text] distribution significantly influence the volute-induced pressure distortion. By modifying the volute design, the amplitude of the pressure distortion can be reduced from 8.82% to 3.22%, and the stable flow range can be extended from 49.8% to 58.7%. Additionally, to reduce flow field distortion, the throat area should be appropriate to guarantee a match between the volute and upstream components, and the [Formula: see text] distribution near the volute tongue should have a moderate slope. This study provides design methods for reducing flow field distortion by modifying the volute, and it also verifies the belief that smaller flow field distortion is beneficial to the flow stability of compressors.
Is submucosal bladder pressure monitoring feasible?
Authors: Basu Anisha S , Majerus Steve , Ferry Elizabeth , Makovey Iryna , Zhu Hui , Damaser Margot S
Published: January 2018

There has been recent interest in placing pressure-sensing elements beneath the bladder mucosa to facilitate chronic bladder pressure monitoring. Wired submucosal sensors with the wires passed through detrusor have been demonstrated in vivo, with limited chronic retention, potentially due to the cable tethering the detrusor. Published studies of submucosal implants have shown that high correlation coefficients between submucosal and lumen pressures can be obtained in caprine, feline, and canine models. We have developed a wireless pressure monitor and surgical technique for wireless submucosal implantation and present our initial chronic implantation study here. Pressure monitors were implanted (n = 6) in female calf models (n = 5). Five devices were implanted cystoscopically with a 25-French rigid cystoscope. One device was implanted suprapubically to test device retention with an intact mucosa. Wireless recordings during anesthetized cystometry simultaneous with catheter-based reference vesical pressure measurements during filling and manual bladder compressions were recorded. Individual analysis of normalised data during bladder compressions (n = 12) indicated high correlation (r = 0.85–0.94) between submucosal and reference vesical pressure. The healing response was robust over 4 weeks; however, mucosal erosion occurred 2–4 weeks after implantation, leading to device migration into the bladder lumen and expulsion during urination. Wireless pressure monitors may be successfully placed in a suburothelial position. Submucosal pressures are correlated with vesical pressure, but may differ due to biomechanical forces pressing on an implanted sensor. Fully wireless devices implanted beneath the mucosa have risk of erosion through the mucosa, potentially caused by disruption of blood flow to the urothelium, or an as-yet unstudied mechanism of submucosal regrowth. Further investigation into device miniaturisation, anchoring methods, and understanding of submucosal pressure biomechanics may enable chronic submucosal pressure monitoring. However, the risk of erosion with submucosal implantation highlights the need for investigation of devices designed for chronic intravesical pressure monitoring.
Model-based force and position tracking control of a multi-pressure hydraulic cylinder
Authors: Linjama Matti , Huova Mikko
Published: January 2018

This article presents a force control solution for a throttle-free multi-pressure hydraulic cylinder actuator. A model-based force controller was developed and the position and velocity tracking control was implemented using low-order linear controllers. Special attention was paid to robustness against variations in the load mass, bulk modulus, and system delay. Experimental results demonstrated excellent energy efficiency and robustness, and acceptable tracking performance.
Efficiency and Its Determinants: Panel Data Evidence from the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Mahajan Varun , Nauriyal D. K. , Singh S. P.
Published: January 2018

The study determines the efficiency of Indian pharmaceutical firms and its determinants in the pre- and post-product patent regime. Overall inefficiency in the industry is higher due to the inefficient conversion of inputs into output rather than through scale inefficiency. The study finds that the Product Patent Act has a negative impact on efficiency. Ownership, capital imports intensity and size variables are positively related with efficiency scores whereas age, time dummy and size square variables are inversely related. The study supports the finding that with an increase in mergers and acquisitions, a movement towards diversifying operations, the use of advanced imported foreign technology, investment in fixed assets and judicious allocation of resources for marketing activities could improve firm performance. For future policy implications, the small firms may either merge into bigger entities or manufacture pharmaceutical products for other companies, so as to raise operational scale and improve capacity utilisation.

JEL Classification: C02, C61, D2, L65
The IS Curve and Monetary Policy Transmission in India: A New Keynesian Perspective
Authors: Salunkhe Bhavesh , Patnaik Anuradha
Published: January 2018

The present study assesses the empirical performance of the new Keynesian IS model by estimating the standard as well as extended specifications of both the backward-looking and hybrid models in India over the period 1998Q1 to 2015Q4. It is found that the backward-looking IS model fits the data quite well in comparison with the hybrid model. The link between the policy rate and output gap appeared to be a bit stronger in the extended backward-looking IS model, as the interest rate coefficient is larger. Also, besides the interest rate, the real exchange rate, external demand and crude oil prices also have an impact on aggregate demand. The results suggest that the standard specification of the IS curve is inadequate to estimate the impact of the interest rate on aggregate demand and therefore a broader framework which accounts for additional variables besides the interest rate may be required.

JEL Classification: E520, E120, C360, E510
Patenting Matters, Not Patents: Firm Market Value in Indian Manufacturing
Authors: Singh Shailu
Published: January 2018

This article looks at the association between firm market value and patenting activity in the Indian manufacturing sector, using a matched panel dataset of 380 firms spanning 22 industry groups over the period 2001–2010. To see whether the very act of patenting matters or not we introduce variation through an indicator variable indicating a firm’s patenting status, whereas to see whether having a larger number of patents matters for firm value we employ a patent stock variable. Differences in the response of firm market value to variations in these two different ways of capturing patents provide evidence for the signalling role of patents in the context of Indian manufacturing. The empirical investigations indicate that while firms that use patents to protect their innovations have a significantly higher market value than firms that do not, an increase in the number of patents granted to a firm is associated with higher market value only for firms at the lowest end of the market value distribution. The results are consistent with the explanation that patents serve as signals of firm quality.
Feasibility study of an adaptive mount system based on magnetorheological elastomer using real-time hybrid simulation
Authors: Eem Seung-Hyun , Koo Jeong-Hoi , Jung Hyung-Jo
Published: January 2018

This article investigates an adaptive mount system based on magnetorheological elastomer in reducing the vibration of an equipment on the isolation table. Incorporating MR elastomers, whose elastic modulus or stiffness can be adjusted depending on the applied magnetic field, the proposed mount system strives to alleviate the limitations of existing passive-type mount systems. The primary goal of this study is to evaluate the vibration reduction performance of the proposed MR elastomer mount using the hybrid simulation technique. For real-time hybrid simulations, the MR elastomer mount and the control system are used as an experimental part, which is installed on the shaking table, and an equipment on the table is used as a numerical part. A suitable control algorithm is designed for the real-time hybrid simulations to avoid the responses of the equipment’s natural frequency by tracking the frequencies of the responses. After performing a series of real-time hybrid simulation on the adaptive mount system and the passive-type mount system under sinusoidal excitations, this study compares the effectiveness of the adaptive mount system over its passive counterpart. The results show that the proposed adaptive elastomer mount system outperforms the passive-type mount system in reducing the responses of the equipment for the excitations considered in this study.
Modelling and optimisation of a force amplification energy harvester
Authors: Evans Matthew , Tang Lihua , Aw Kean C
Published: January 2018

A flexure frame mechanism is a device historically used to amplify the displacement of an actuator with limited travel, such as a piezoelectric stack actuator. Conversely, these mechanisms may be used as a generator to amplify the force applied to piezoelectric transducers. This in turn can greatly increase the harvested power. Previous studies have used a variety of methods to analyse the amplification factor of a flexure frame mechanism operating as an actuator in displacement mode, as opposed to a generator in force amplification mode. The effects on the performance of such a device when operating in force amplification mode are not as well understood. In this study, an analysis of the force amplification of a flexure frame mechanism is conducted. A model of the force amplification factor based on the material properties and geometry of the device is developed for use as an optimisation and design tool. The analytical findings are compared against finite element analysis simulation and experimental results for validation. The effect of the stiffness of the central piezoelectric stack and the maximum stresses developed in the frame are determined to be critical parameters in determining the effectiveness of the mechanism as an energy harvester.
Facial Expressiveness in Infants With and Without Craniofacial Microsomia
Authors: Hammal Zakia , Cohn Jeffrey F. , Wallace Erin R. , Heike Carrie L. , Birgfeld Craig B. , Oster Harriet , Speltz Matthew L.
Published: January 2018

Objective:

To compare facial expressiveness (FE) of infants with and without craniofacial microsomia (cases and controls, respectively) and to compare phenotypic variation among cases in relation to FE.

Design:

Positive and negative affect was elicited in response to standardized emotion inductions, video recorded, and manually coded from video using the Facial Action Coding System for Infants and Young Children.

Setting:

Five craniofacial centers: Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Illinois–Chicago, and University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill.

Participants:

Eighty ethnically diverse 12- to 14-month-old infants.

Main Outcome Measures:

FE was measured on a frame-by-frame basis as the sum of 9 observed facial action units (AUs) representative of positive and negative affect.

Results:

FE differed between conditions intended to elicit positive and negative affect (95% confidence interval = 0.09-0.66, P = .01). FE failed to differ between cases and controls (ES = –0.16 to –0.02, P = .47 to .92). Among cases, those with and without mandibular hypoplasia showed similar levels of FE (ES = –0.38 to 0.54, P = .10 to .66).

Conclusions:

FE varied between positive and negative affect, and cases and controls responded similarly. Null findings for case/control differences may be attributable to a lower than anticipated prevalence of nerve palsy among cases, the selection of AUs, or the use of manual coding. In future research, we will reexamine group differences using an automated, computer vision approach that can cover a broader range of facial movements and their dynamics.
Development and preliminary validation of a scale to measure patient uncertainty: The “Uncertainty Scale”
Authors: LaNoue Marianna D , Gerolamo Angela M , Powell Rhea , Nord Garrison , Doty Amanda MB , Rising Kristin L
Published: January 2018

Research suggests that patient uncertainty related to experiencing symptoms may drive decisions to seek care. The only validated measure of patient uncertainty assesses uncertainty related to defined illness. In prior work, we engaged patients to describe uncertainty related to symptoms and used findings to develop the ‘U-Scale’ scale. In this work, we present results from preliminary scale reliability and validity testing. Psychometric testing demonstrated content validity, high internal consistency, and evidence for concurrent validity. Next steps include administration in diverse populations for continued refinement and validation, and exploration of the potential contribution of uncertainty to healthcare utilization.
Mass supervision, misrecognition and the ‘Malopticon’
Authors: McNeill Fergus
Published: January 2018

This paper aims to contribute to debates about ‘mass supervision’ by exploring its penal character as a lived experience. It begins with a review of recent studies that have used ethnographic methods to explore how supervision is experienced before describing the two projects (‘Supervisible’ and ‘Mass Supervision: Seen and Heard’) on which the paper draws, explaining these as an attempt to generate a ‘counter-visual criminology’ of mass supervision. I then describe two encounters with ‘Teejay’; encounters in which we explored his experiences of supervision firstly through photography and then through song-writing. Both media are presented alongside Teejay’s commentary on what he sought to convey, inviting the reader to engage with and interpret the pictures and song. In the concluding discussion, I offer my own analysis, arguing that Teejay’s representations suggest a need to recognize mass supervision as ‘Maloptical’ as much as ‘Panoptical’. Through the ‘Malopticon’, the penal subject is seen badly, is seen as bad and is projected and represented as bad. Experiences of misrecognition and misrepresentation constitute significant yet poorly understood pains of supervisory punishment. The paper concludes by suggesting several ways in which a counter-visual criminology might follow Teejay’s lead in exposing and challenging of mass supervision.
Proposal for the hierarchical classification of thematic cartography methods and its application to evaluation of Czech and Slovak national atlases
Authors: Miklín Jan , Dušek Radek
Published: January 2018

In this article, we review the classifications of thematic cartography methods and propose a new universal classification system, putting a special emphasis on the hierarchisation and logical structure. Basic groups of thematic cartography methods are defined as follows: (1) value-by-size/count, (2) value-by-colour, (3) dot density maps, (4) surfaces and (5) cartograms, with a further detailed classification. In the second part, we apply the proposed classification system on the evaluation of thematic cartography methods in five Czech and Slovak national atlases published throughout nearly a century. Our results show that the lowest number of methods was used in the oldest atlas (published in 1935), while the highest number of methods was used in the atlases from the years 1966 and 1980. The newest national atlases (published in 2002 and 2010) use a relatively low number of methods. The maps of the newest atlases are also simpler, and they contain a generally low amount of ascertainable information.
Endocervicoscopy and Biopsy to Detect Cervical Intraepithelial Squamous Neoplasia in Nonvisible Squamocolumnar Junction With Unsatisfactory Colposcopy: A Pilot Study
Authors: Rahimi Siavash , Marani Carla , Gardner Francis , Yeoh Chit Cheng , Akaev Iolia , Votano Sergio
Published: January 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the practical utility of endocervicoscopy and targeted biopsy in high-risk human papilloma virus–positive women with abnormal squamous cells on cervical cytology and unsatisfactory colposcopy with nonvisible squamocolumnar junction. Seventy-seven high-risk human papilloma virus–positive patients with abnormal cervical cytology for squamous cells bearing type 3 transformation zone were enrolled. Endoscopic examination of the endocervical epithelium, with office-based continuous-flow hysteroscopy after application of acetic acid 5%, followed by targeted biopsies and consequent large loop excision of the transformation zone was carried out. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of endocervicoscopy, and orientated biopsy were confronted with the results of large loop excision of the transformation zone (referral test). The sensitivity and specificity of endocervicoscopy and orientated biopsy for low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia were 53% and 81%, respectively, while the sensitivity and specificity for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia were 64% and 47%, respectively. The positive predictive value for low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was 64% and for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was 88%. The negative predictive value for low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was 87% and for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was 41%. Endocervicoscopy is a safe, office-based technique. It is a reliable method to detect the transformation zone in patients with type 3 transformation zone and unsatisfactory colposcopy. It potentially allows target biopsy of the transformation zone but presents a relatively low specificity/negative predictive value to predict high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, thus negative biopsy results should be interpreted with caution.
Thermo-mechanical behavior analysis of motorized spindle based on a coupled model
Authors: Liu Junfeng , Zhang Peng
Published: January 2018

This article presents a thermo-mechanical coupled dynamic model for high-speed motorized spindles. The proposed model includes an angular ball bearing model, a thermal model, and a rotor dynamic model. The coupling relationship among these submodels is analyzed, and a solution procedure for the integrated model is designed. Based on the proposed model and solution procedure, the dynamic behaviors of the spindle system and the effects of the thermal displacement of the system on the behaviors are quantificationally discussed. Finally, an integrated dynamic test is carried out on a D62D24A-type motorized spindle, and the good agreement between the mathematical results and the experimental data indicates that the proposed model is capable of accurately predicting the dynamic properties of motorized spindles, and the accuracy of the model is improved when considering the thermo-mechanical coupled factor. The conclusions are useful for the dynamic design and the thermal compensation control of high-speed motorized spindles.
Optimal enforcement of liveness to flexible manufacturing systems modeled with Petri nets via transition-based controllers
Authors: Bashir Muhammad , Liu Ding , Uzam Murat , Wu Naiqi , Al-Ahmari Abdulrahman , Li Zhiwu
Published: January 2018

This article reports a transition-based control technique to prevent deadlocks for flexible manufacturing systems that can be modeled with a generalized class of Petri nets. The proposed method utilizes the structural properties of the Petri net model to avoid the computation of its reachability graph which in general leads to the state explosion problem. Three algorithms are developed. The first and second algorithms aim to compute first-met and n-met uncontrolled transitions, respectively, in an iterative manner until all the n-met uncontrolled transitions are found in the plant net model. The third algorithm is used to design n-transition controllers iteratively. The iteration terminates when all the transitions in the set of uncontrolled transitions are processed. The addition of the n-transition controllers to the plant net model is to make the n-met uncontrolled transitions controlled. The transition controllers are capable of enforcing liveness to the plant net model with all its reachable markings being retained in the controlled system, which ensures the full utilization of resources and provides the high productivity of a flexible manufacturing system.
Impact cushioning device of wireless sensor node for emergency rescue system in underground coal mine
Authors: Tang Chaoquan , Zhou Gongbo , Wang Penghui , Zhu Zhencai , Zhang Peng , Chen Hao , Li Wei
Published: January 2018

Because of the closed geographic conditions and the effect of uncertain factors during a catastrophe in an underground coal mine, a high failure rate of the sensor nodes after a disaster is a common phenomenon. To ensure normal communications after a disaster, an impact cushioning device is designed to ensure survival of the sensor nodes during the disasters like the tunnel collapse, gas explosion, and so on. First, a model for the spring absorbing system is built; an analysis based on the model shows that the impact cushioning device can survive the free impact due to the extremely short impact time and the small displacement despite the large force from the instantaneous impact. Second, a collision model between the impact cushioning device and the rock is built; an analysis based on the model shows that both the circuit boards and the shell of the device can survive a tunnel collapse because the maximum stress values of the shell material and the circuit boards during the collision process are much less than their yield strength values. Finally, we use a triangular wave to simulate the shock wave used to test the collision model. An analysis of the test shows that the shell of the device and circuit boards are still safe and reliable under the effects of a gas explosion for the same reason that the maximum stress values of the shell material and the circuit boards in the gas explosion process are much lower than their yield strength values.
Adaptive parametric prediction of event times in clinical trials
Authors: Lan Yu , Heitjan Daniel F
Published: January 2018

Background:

In event-based clinical trials, it is common to conduct interim analyses at planned landmark event counts. Accurate prediction of the timing of these events can support logistical planning and the efficient allocation of resources. As the trial progresses, one may wish to use the accumulating data to refine predictions.

Purpose:

Available methods to predict event times include parametric cure and non-cure models and a nonparametric approach involving Bayesian bootstrap simulation. The parametric methods work well when their underlying assumptions are met, and the nonparametric method gives calibrated but inefficient predictions across a range of true models. In the early stages of a trial, when predictions have high marginal value, it is difficult to infer the form of the underlying model. We seek to develop a method that will adaptively identify the best-fitting model and use it to create robust predictions.

Methods:

At each prediction time, we repeat the following steps: (1) resample the data; (2) identify, from among a set of candidate models, the one with the highest posterior probability; and (3) sample from the predictive posterior of the data under the selected model.

Results:

A Monte Carlo study demonstrates that the adaptive method produces prediction intervals whose coverage is robust within the family of selected models. The intervals are generally wider than those produced assuming the correct model, but narrower than nonparametric prediction intervals. We demonstrate our method with applications to two completed trials: The International Chronic Granulomatous Disease study and Radiation Therapy Oncology Group trial 0129.

Limitations:

Intervals produced under any method can be badly calibrated when the sample size is small and unhelpfully wide when predicting the remote future. Early predictions can be inaccurate if there are changes in enrollment practices or trends in survival.

Conclusions:

An adaptive event-time prediction method that selects the model given the available data can give improved robustness compared to methods based on less flexible parametric models.
Department heads negotiating emerging managerialism: The Central Eastern European context
Authors: Machovcová Kateřina , Zábrodská Kateřina , Mudrák Jiří
Published: January 2018

The Czech higher educational system has transformed over the past three decades from a state-centred model evolving via strong academic autonomy to the current system, which is characterised by academic freedom but also heightened pressure to produce measurable research output. The purpose of this study was to explore how Czech academic middle managers relate to this emerging managerialism in their faculties. We conducted 31 interviews with Heads of Departments (HoDs) and, using thematic analysis, we identified three central themes. First, despite their enhanced managerial tasks, the HoDs strongly identified themselves as researchers. Second, the HoDs instrumentally adopted certain managerialist practices congruent with their values as academic professionals with a primary focus on increasing research performance and the ability to acquire additional financing through grants. Third, the HoDs used practices to lessen the negative effects of managerialist pressures, such as diverting the administrative overload from academics. In conclusion, academic middle managers supported performance management even though existing structural differences benefited certain departments more than others. Paradoxically, the HoDs more likely to succeed in the quantitative assessment appeared to be in a better position to buffer some of the negative impacts of the managerialist reforms.
Evaluation of Hematocrit Influence on Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose Based on ISO 15197:2013: Comparison of a Novel System With Five Systems With Different Hematocrit Ranges
Authors: Hattemer Andrew , Wardat Sami
Published: January 2018

Introduction:

ISO 15197:2013 recommends testing procedures and acceptance criteria for the evaluation of influence quantities such as hematocrit on measurement results with systems for self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). In this study, hematocrit influence was evaluated for a novel SMBG system (system A) and five other systems with different hematocrit ranges based on ISO 15197:2013.

Methods:

Test procedures were performed with one test strip lot for each system. Each system was tested within the hematocrit range indicated in the manufacturer’s labeling (system A: 10-65%, B: 15-65%, C: 20-60%, D: 35-60%, E: 30-60%, F: 30-55%). According to ISO 15197:2013, clause 6.4.2, venous blood samples were used for the evaluation of hematocrit influence. The evaluation was performed for three glucose concentration categories (30-50 mg/dL, 96-144 mg/dL, and 280-420 mg/dL). For each glucose concentration category, at least five different hematocrit levels were investigated.

Results:

The novel system A and systems B, E, and F complied with the tested lot with the defined criteria and showed ≤10 mg/dL and ≤10% difference between the test sample and the respective control sample with a hematocrit value of 42% ± 2% for BG concentrations <100 mg/dL and ≥100 mg/dL, respectively. Two systems showed >10% difference at glucose concentrations ≥100 mg/dL.

Conclusions:

Remarkable hematocrit influence within the labeled hematocrit range was obtained in two systems with the tested reagent system lot. Adequate SMBG systems should be carefully chosen by patients and their health care professionals, particularly for patients with increased and decreased hematocrit values.
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection: Acute findings on coronary computed tomography angiography
Authors: Tweet Marysia S , Akhtar Nila J , Hayes Sharonne N , Best Patricia JM , Gulati Rajiv , Araoz Philip A
Published: January 2018

Background:

The coronary computed tomography angiography features of acute spontaneous coronary artery dissection, an important cause of acute coronary syndrome in young women, have not been assessed.

Methods:

The “Virtual” Multicenter Mayo Clinic Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection Registry was established in 2010 and includes retrospective and prospective patient data. Retrospective assessment of acute coronary computed tomography angiography images was performed for 14 patients (16 vessels) who had images performed within two days of invasive coronary angiography diagnosis of acute spontaneous coronary artery dissection.

Results:

Four pertinent diagnostic coronary features of acute spontaneous coronary artery dissection were observed in order of prevalence: 1) abrupt luminal stenosis (64%); 2) intramural hematoma (50%); 3) tapered luminal stenosis (36%); and 4) dissection (14%). Additional findings include epicardial fat stranding (42%), coronary tortuosity (29%), and coronary bridge (14%). Fifty percent of patients had myocardial hypoperfusion in the myocardial distribution of the dissected coronary artery.

Conclusions:

We define key coronary computed tomography angiography features of acute spontaneous coronary artery dissection, the most common of which are abrupt luminal stenosis and intramural hematoma. Importantly, intramural hematoma appears similar to noncalcified atherosclerotic plaque, emphasizing the importance of invasive coronary angiography for acute diagnosis of spontaneous coronary artery dissection until the sensitivity and specificity of coronary computed tomography angiography is better understood.