bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immunoconjugates for Cancer Targeting: A Review of Antibody-Drug Conjugates and Antibody-Functionalized Nanoparticles
Authors: Petrilli Raquel , Pinheiro Daniel Pascoalino , de Cássia Evangelista de Oliveira Fátima , Galvão Gabriela Fávero , Marques Lana Grasiela Alves , Lopez Renata Fonseca Vianna , Pessoa Claudia , Eloy Josimar O.
Published: May 2020

Targeted therapy has been recently highlighted due to the reduction of side effects
and improvement in overall efficacy and survival from different types of cancers. Considering
the approval of many monoclonal antibodies in the last twenty years, cancer treatment can be
accomplished by the combination of monoclonal antibodies and small molecule chemotherapeutics.
Thus, strategies to combine both drugs in a single administration system are relevant
in the clinic. In this context, two strategies are possible and will be further discussed in this
review: antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and antibody-functionalized nanoparticles. First, it
is important to better understand the possible molecular targets for cancer therapy, addressing
different antigens that can selectively bind to antibodies. After selecting the best target, ADCs
can be prepared by attaching a cytotoxic drug to an antibody able to target a cancer cell antigen.
Briefly, an ADC will be formed by a monoclonal antibody (MAb), a cytotoxic molecule
(cytotoxin) and a chemical linker. Usually, surface-exposed lysine or the thiol group of cysteine
residues are used as anchor sites for linker-drug molecules. Another strategy that should
be considered is antibody-functionalized nanoparticles. Basically, liposomes, polymeric and
inorganic nanoparticles can be attached to specific antibodies for targeted therapy. Different
conjugation strategies can be used, but nanoparticles coupling between maleimide and thiolated
antibodies or activation with the addition of ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide
(EDC)/ N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) (1:5) and further addition of the antibody are
some of the most used strategies. Herein, molecular targets and conjugation strategies will be
presented and discussed to better understand the in vitro and in vivo applications presented.
Also, the clinical development of ADCs and antibody-conjugated nanoparticles are addressed
in the clinical development section. Finally, due to the innovation related to the targeted therapy,
it is convenient to analyze the impact on patenting and technology. Information related to
the temporal evolution of the number of patents, distribution of patent holders and also the
number of patents related to cancer types are presented and discussed. Thus, our aim is to
provide an overview of the recent developments in immunoconjugates for cancer targeting
and highlight the most important aspects for clinical relevance and innovation.
Schizophrenia; A Review on Promising Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Bülbül Ece Ö. , Karantas Ioannis D. , Okur Mehmet E. , Siafaka Panoraia I. , Okur Neslihan Ü.
Published: May 2020

Background:

Schizophrenia belongs to mental illnesses affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Its
therapy is still unmet; thus, researchers aimed to develop new pharmacological molecules which can improve its
management.

Methods:

Moreover, the current typical and atypical antipsychotics should be formulated in more efficacious
systems that can deliver the drug in the brain with as few side effects as possible. Further, the development of
long-acting efficient drug delivery systems could be significant in minimizing frequent dosing which is nonpreferred
to schizophrenics.

Results:

Herein, authors focused on current developments of antipsychotic medications used in schizophrenia
management. Various studies, which include the use of first and second-generation antipsychotics, were analyzed
according to their efficacy. In fact, in this review, oral, injectable, transdermal and intranasal formulations entrapped
antipsychotics are presented to be valuable guidance for scientists to formulate more effective drug delivery
systems for schizophrenic patients.

Conclusions:

This review aimed to assist researchers working on schizophrenia management by summarizing
current medications and newly synthesized drug delivery systems recently found in the literature.
Biocompatible Nanovesicular Drug Delivery Systems with Targeting Potential for Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Neupane Yub Raj , Mahtab Asiya , Siddiqui Lubna , Singh Archu , Gautam Namrata , Rabbani Syed Arman , Goel Honey , Talegaonkar Sushama
Published: May 2020

Autoimmune diseases are collectively addressed as chronic conditions initiated by the loss of one’s
immunological tolerance, where the body treats its own cells as foreigners or self-antigens. These hay-wired
antibodies or immunologically capable cells lead to a variety of disorders like rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis,
systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis and recently included neurodegenerative diseases like
Alzheimer’s, Parkinsonism and testicular cancer triggered T-cells induced autoimmune response in testes and
brain. Conventional treatments for autoimmune diseases possess several downsides due to unfavourable
pharmacokinetic behaviour of drug, reflected by low bioavailability, rapid clearance, offsite toxicity, restricted
targeting ability and poor therapeutic outcomes. Novel nanovesicular drug delivery systems including liposomes,
niosomes, proniosomes, ethosomes, transferosomes, pharmacosomes, ufasomes and biologically originated
exosomes have proved to possess alluring prospects in supporting the combat against autoimmune diseases.
These nanovesicles have revitalized available treatment modalities as they are biocompatible, biodegradable, less
immunogenic and capable of carrying high drug payloads to deliver both hydrophilic as well as lipophilic drugs
to specific sites via passive or active targeting. Due to their unique surface chemistry, they can be decorated with
physiological or synthetic ligands to target specific receptors overexpressed in different autoimmune diseases and
can even cross the blood-brain barrier. This review presents exhaustive yet concise information on the potential of
various nanovesicular systems as drug carriers in improving the overall therapeutic efficiency of the dosage
regimen for various autoimmune diseases. The role of endogenous exosomes as biomarkers in the diagnosis and
prognosis of autoimmune diseases along with monitoring progress of treatment will also be highlighted.
Insect Cuticular Chitin Contributes to Form and Function
Authors: Muthukrishnan Subbaratnam , Mun Seulgi , Noh Mi Y. , Geisbrecht Erika R. , Arakane Yasuyuki
Published: May 2020

:

Chitin contributes to the rigidity of the insect cuticle and serves as an attachment matrix for other cuticular proteins. Deficiency of chitin results in abnormal embryos, cuticular structural defects and growth arrest. When chitin is not turned over during molting, the developing insect is trapped inside the old cuticle. Partial deacetylation of cuticular chitin is also required for proper laminar organization of the cuticle and vertical pore canals, molting, and locomotion. Thus, chitin and its modifications strongly influence the structure of the exoskeleton as well as the physiological functions of the insect.

:

Internal tendons and specialized epithelial cells called “tendon cells” that arise from the outer layer of epidermal cells provide attachment sites at both ends of adult limb muscles. Membrane processes emanating from both tendon and muscle cells interdigitate extensively to strengthen the attachment of muscles to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Protein ligands that bind to membrane-bound integrin complexes further enhance the adhesion between muscles and tendons. Tendon cells contain F-actin fiber arrays that contribute to their rigidity. In the cytoplasm of muscle cells, proteins such as talin and other proteins provide attachment sites for cytoskeletal actin, thereby increasing integrin binding and activation to mechanically couple the ECM with actin in muscle cells. Mutations in integrins and their ligands, as well as depletion of chitin deacetylases, result in defective locomotion and muscle detachment from the ECM. Thus, chitin in the cuticle and chitin deacetylases strongly influence the shape and functions of the exoskeleton as well as locomotion of insects.
Role of Chromatograph-based Analytical Techniques in Quantification of Chiral Compounds: An Update
Authors: Gunjal Pradnya , Singh Sachin Kumar , Kumar Rajesh , Kumar Rajan , Gulati Monica
Published: May 2020

Background:

Chiral purity is a critical quality attribute of pharmaceutical materials as chiral
compounds are known to exhibit different pharmacological and toxicological properties as compared
to those of their enantiomers (or diastereomers for molecules with multiple chiral centers). It is
important to note that about 40% of the synthetic drugs are chiral, 60% of all pharmaceuticals are
chiral and 45% chiral drugs are sold as racemates. The objective of the current review is to discuss
various chromatographic techniques used for the separation of chiral compounds.

Methods:

Various bibliographic databases of previously published peer-reviewed research papers
were explored and systematic data has been compiled in terms of various chromatographic techniques
used for chiral compounds’ separation. A comparison of different techniques as well as their
advantages is also discussed.

Results:

A comprehensive review of 130 papers including both, research and review articles, was
carried out. The analytical techniques have been discussed in detail. Apart from chromatographic
techniques, other techniques such as circular dichroism, nuclear magnetic resonance, UV-visible
spectroscopy using cyclodextrin derivatives have also been highlighted.

Conclusion:

The pharmaceutical industries need analytical methods to conclude enantiomeric concentration
and obtain a drug with a single stereo configuration. Sensitive techniques such as HPLC,
GCMS and LCMS, etc. are used for identification and quantification of single enantiomers, specifically
in drug discovery and development.
Analysis of Quinolones in Biological Materials by Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Gök Elif Damla , Kır Sedef , Nemutlu Emirhan
Published: May 2020

Background:

Quinolones are an important group of synthetic antibiotics with bactericidal
action. The antibacterial activity of these compounds has been shown to result from selective inhibition
of bacterial DNA synthesis. It is a preferable option in clinical use because of its efficacy, reliability
and wide antibacterial spectrum. The identification and quantification of quinolones in various
biological tissues and fluids are needed.

Methods:

Numerous techniques have been developed for their analysis of biological materials and
pharmaceutical dosage forms. In this review, the chromatographic methods published in the last ten
years for the analysis of quinolones, using for the treatment of an infection in a human, were reviewed.

Results:

The analysis methods of quinolones as single or simultaneous in biological materials were
summarized according to sample preparation, chromatographic conditions, validation parameters and
applicability of the methods. The pH effect on the chromatographic behaviors of quinolones was discussed.
Moreover, multivariate analysis was performed for the summarized published methods based
on the method parameters.

Conclusions:

Many rapid and efficient separation methods have been developed for individual or
simultaneous determination of quinolone. In this study, a comprehensive review is presented for the
analysis of quinolone developed in the last decade.
Evaluation of type II Toxin-Antitoxin Systems, Antibiotic Resistance Profiles, and Biofilm Quorum Sensing Genes in Acinetobacter Baumannii Isolates in Iraq
Authors: Al Marjania Mohammed F. , Kouhsari Ebrahim , Ali Fatima S. , Authman Sawsan H.
Published: May 2020

Background:

Bacterial Toxin-Antitoxin (TAs) systems are extensive two-component elements
in the bacterial genome, which are involved in many key biological functions, including
growth arrest, survival, biofilm formation, plasmid maintenance, defense against phages, persistence,
and virulence.

Aim:

This study aimed to assess the molecular determinants involved in TAs, biofilm quorum sensing,
and antibiotic resistance profiles in Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from Baghdad’s hospitals
in Iraq.

Methods:

A total of 127 A. baumannii isolates were collected from 2160 different clinical samples.
The antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using the disk diffusion test. All isolates were
characterized for molecular determinants involved in TAs and biofilm formation using the wellknown
PCR-based sequencing assay.

Results:

A high multi-drug resistant (MDR) (96.06%; 122/127) and imipenem resistance (84.25%;
107/127) rates were observed from A.baumannii isolates. Results showed the presence of rhlIR
gene in three isolates (2.36%), and lasIR gene appeared in two isolates (1.57%) isolates, whilst,
mazEF, ccdAB, and relBE genes have not been detected among any of the isolates.

Conclusion:

A high MDR and imipenem resistance rates within a low prevalence of rhlIR, and
lasIR genes could be found in clinical A. baumannii isolates from some of the Iraqi hospitals.
Endodontic Treatment in Pregnancy: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Dentists and Interns in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aboalshamat Khalid , Abdulrahman Somaya , Alowadi Jameelah , Al-Mutairy Najwa , Fairak Mysam , Alraithi Noufah , Alsolami Amani , Alshahrani Asma , Almansouri Wejdan
Published: May 2020

Aim:

Pregnant women require special consideration in dental treatment due to physiological changes during their pregnancy. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of dentists and dental interns in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, regarding endodontic treatment during pregnancy.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted using validated self-report questionnaires completed by 450 dental interns and dentists who treat pregnant women in governmental and private dental clinics in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire measured participants’ knowledge, beliefs, and actual practices regarding behavioral counseling and the treatment of pregnant patients. Descriptive statistics were generated, and significance was set at 0.05.

Results:

A total of 86.4% of the participants acknowledged the importance of endodontic treatment for pregnant patients and responded that most endodontic procedures are considered safe during the second trimester, including periapical radiographs (67.11%), endodontic treatment (81.11%), local anesthesia with and without epinephrine (70.67%), open access (83.78%), drainage of abscesses (76.89%), prescribing acetaminophen (75.56%), and prescribing antibiotics (61.11%). In addition, 57.8% knew that Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are contraindicated. However, 69.33% considered panoramic radiographs contraindicated. Knowledgeable participants were significantly more likely to practice appropriate endodontic procures. The majority (70.9%) were interested in more education about pregnant patients.

Conclusion:

Dental interns and dentists in Saudi Arabia have fair levels of knowledge about endodontic treatment of pregnant patients, and need to improve their knowledge, especially regarding radiographs and NSAIDs.
Evidence-based Review of Periarticular Injections and Peripheral Nerve Blocks in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Gaukhman Alexander , Garceau Simon , Schwarzkopf Ran , Slover James
Published: May 2020

Background:

Recently, post-operative pain management after Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) has focused on a multimodal approach for reducing opioid requirements, promoting early rehabilitation, and expediting discharge from hospital. Regional anesthesia, in the form of Periarticular Injections (PAI) and Peripheral Nerve Blocks (PNB), has shown promise as adjunctive therapy to oral analgesics.

Objective:

To review the current literature surrounding regional anesthesia for TKA.

Discussion:

PNBs provide effective analgesia after TKA. Historically, femoral nerve blocks (FNB) have been commonly employed. FNBs, however, lead to the significant motor blockade to the quadriceps musculature, which can dampen early rehabilitation efforts and increase the risk of post-operative falls. Adductor Canal Blocks (ACB) have shown excellent results in reducing post-operative pain while minimizing motor blockade. Periarticular injections (PAI), and infiltration between the popliteal Artery and Capsule of the Knee (IPACK) have similarly helped in reducing patient discomfort after TKA and providing analgesia to the posterior capsular region of the knee.

Conclusion:

PAIs, and PNBs are important elements in many multimodal postoperative pain management protocols after TKA. Current evidence appears to suggest that a combination of an ACB supplemented by posterior capsular analgesic coverage through PAI or IPACK may provide optimal results.
Reducing Life Dissatisfaction by Ecological Intelligence: Psychological and Psychopathological Implications
Authors: Caponnetto Pasquale , Inguscio Lucio , Riolo Maria , Maglia Marilena , Lai Carlo
Published: May 2020

Background:

Our planet’s recent ecologic perturbation solicited the researchers to deepen their analysis of environmental impacts. The concept of Life Satisfaction (LS) described as the degree to which a person positively evaluates the overall quality of his/her life as-a-whole.

Objective:

This study examined the relationship between ecological intelligence and perceived life satisfaction.

Materials and Methods:

1025 adult males and females were selected for the study through an online announcement. The research was carried out in a single phase and participants completed Life Satisfaction and Ecological Intelligence questionnaires.

Results:

A statistically meaningful and satisfying outcome emerged from the relationship between Life Satisfaction and Ecological Intelligence. Additional important final results marked a positive relationship between Ecological Intelligence and the education level.

Conclusion:

The conclusions of statistical interpretation of the data highlight the urge to revitalize the citizens’ sense of respect of the environment, in order to reach two fundamental aims of mankind life: to love our own planet and to feel calm along one’s own life path.
Fault Tolerance in WSN Through Uniform Load Distribution Function
Authors: Mohapatra Hitesh , Rath Amiya Kumar
Published: May 2020

Aim:

The existing cluster-based energy-efficient models such as Low Energy Adaptive
Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) and Stable Election Protocol (SEP) unable for the distribution of
sensor nodes uniformly during cluster formation. The non-uniform cluster distribution structure
leads to rapid energy depletion and high energy consumption. So, this paper aims to create uniform
load-based cluster formation.

Background:

This proposed idea is generated from the famous saying "If a Fault is Handling Another
Fault Then That's not a Fault". Designing of energy-efficient and fault-tolerant model is indeed
wireless sensor network deployments. The involvement of WSN's is not only limited to domestic
purposes but also applied in a harsh and hostile environment.

Objective:

In this paper, we focus on the energy depletion-based fault occurrence and its tolerance.
Here, we propose a Uniform Load Distribution Function (ULDF) with two objectives. The
first one is to form equilibrium energy level clusters, and the second one is to avoid the frequent
involvement of SNs in cluster formation. The proposed function is compared against the performance
of both homogeneous LEACH and heterogeneous SEP protocols.

Methods:

Efficient clustering through equal distribution of SNs based on their current residual energy.

Results:

Our analysis concludes with the results where the proposed ULDF perform better than
LEACH and SEP and reduces SNs involvement in cluster formation, which indirectly implies
minimum energy consumption.

Conclusion:

Energy saving through uniform load distribution.
Deep Learning Approach for Imputation of Missing Values in Actigraphy Data: Algorithm Development Study
Authors: Jang Jong-Hwan , Choi Junggu , Roh Hyun Woong , Son Sang Joon , Hong Chang Hyung , Kim Eun Young , Kim Tae Young , Yoon Dukyong
Published: May 2020

Background

Data collected by an actigraphy device worn on the wrist or waist can provide objective measurements for studies related to physical activity; however, some data may contain intervals where values are missing. In previous studies, statistical methods have been applied to impute missing values on the basis of statistical assumptions. Deep learning algorithms, however, can learn features from the data without any such assumptions and may outperform previous approaches in imputation tasks.

Objective

The aim of this study was to impute missing values in data using a deep learning approach.

Methods

To develop an imputation model for missing values in accelerometer-based actigraphy data, a denoising convolutional autoencoder was adopted. We trained and tested our deep learning–based imputation model with the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data set and validated it with the external Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the Korean Chronic Cerebrovascular Disease Oriented Biobank data sets which consist of daily records measuring activity counts. The partial root mean square error and partial mean absolute error of the imputed intervals (partial RMSE and partial MAE, respectively) were calculated using our deep learning–based imputation model (zero-inflated denoising convolutional autoencoder) as well as using other approaches (mean imputation, zero-inflated Poisson regression, and Bayesian regression).

Results

The zero-inflated denoising convolutional autoencoder exhibited a partial RMSE of 839.3 counts and partial MAE of 431.1 counts, whereas mean imputation achieved a partial RMSE of 1053.2 counts and partial MAE of 545.4 counts, the zero-inflated Poisson regression model achieved a partial RMSE of 1255.6 counts and partial MAE of 508.6 counts, and Bayesian regression achieved a partial RMSE of 924.5 counts and partial MAE of 605.8 counts.

Conclusions

Our deep learning–based imputation model performed better than the other methods when imputing missing values in actigraphy data.
At a glance on Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Pathogenesis, Innate and acquired mechanisms, Host-virus genomes interactions, Therapeutic options and prevention (Preprint)
Authors: Singh Desh Deepak
Published: May 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

On 11th march 2020 WHO declared COVID-19 is pandemic. The ongoing outbreak is global and as on 22 May 2020, 5.2 Million Cases, 337000 deaths of COVID-19 were recorded by more than 200 counties. COVID -19 is public health threat and rapidly transmitting diseases the globally. The sign and symptoms of COVID-19 infection in primary stage are non-specific, a number of more cases are observed than initially expected. There is urgent requirement for improved knowledge in diagnosis, pathophysiology, preventive and therapeutic options. Published reviews on the COIVD-19 are based on the specific problem and very few review articles are available on recent development of 2019-nCoV2 infection to minimize any barriers which effect the prevention and transmission against COVID-19 outbreak. The aim of this review article is to explore recent updates on COVID -19 infection in context of pathogenesis during disease progression, Innate and acquired mechanisms of defence against, Advances in the diagnostics , Susceptibility and severity of Host-virus genomes interactions, Modes and dynamics of transmission, Active compounds in the context of pre-clinical and clinical for the treatment ,Vaccine developments and Effectiveness of COVID-19 infection prevention and control measure.
Semiotics of the Image: Addressing the Different Types of Mental Operation and Their Sematic Interpretation
Authors: Efthimiadou Euphrosyne
Published: May 2020

Our era is dominated by the prevailing presence of images. The spectator often identifies with the characters and aims to interpret the signs evoked by the objects, since every image is governed by codes. If we look at the history of image semiotics, we observe a cognitive and pragmatic approach. According to Kant, the images we receive from the environment are not simply reproductions but often creative productions based on patterns generated by the imagination. According to recent research in semiotics, we observe that the pragmatic approach is extended by a study of stimuli collected by the environment. On the other hand, Köhler’s theory of Gestalt considers perception as a pre-conscious activity, linking visual semiology with the functional interpretation of perception. In addition, Tardy brings into focus strategies of visual communication by highlighting the semiotic status of represented objects. For this reason, it is essential to deepen the versatility of the field of semantic interpretation of a visual support from different types of mental operations. Finally, the semiological approach to the image with different types of mental operation will be able to generate a plural and original semantic interpretation through the creative exploitation of visual elements.
Understanding America: Unequal Economic Returns of Years of Schooling in Whites and Blacks Race, Years of Schooling, and Economic Wellbeing
Authors: Assari MD MPH Shervin
Published: May 2020

Background: Higher schooling is associated with higher economic wellbeing. Marginalization-related Diminished Returns (MDRs) framework, however, refers to smaller returns of schooling for non-Hispanic Blacks (NHBs) compared to non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs). Aim: Using a national sample of American adults, the current study compared NHBs and NHWs for the effects of each incremental increase in the years of schooling (gradient of educational level) among American adults. Methods: Data came from the Understanding America Study (UAS), a national online survey with a nationally representative sample. A total of 5715 adults (18+ years old) were included. From this number, 4,826 (84.4%) were NHWs, and 889 (15.6%) were NHBs. Years of schooling was the independent variable. Economic wellbeing was the main outcome. Age and gender were the covariates. Race was the moderator. Results: Overall, each additional year of schooling was associated with higher economic wellbeing, net of age, and gender. A statistically significant interaction was found between race and years of schooling on the outcome, indicating a smaller boosting effect of any incremental increase in the years of education on the economic wellbeing of NHBs compared to NHWs. Conclusion: In line with MDRs, highly educated Black people experience low economic wellbeing. The MDRs of education on economic wellbeing may be why highly educated, and middle-class Black Americans still report poor health. Policy solutions should address multi-level causes of MDR-related health disparities.
THE EFFECTS OF SKILL-BASED EXERCISES AND A SMALL-SIDED GAMES PROGRAM ON THE BODY COMPOSITION OF ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Stojanović Darko , Branković Nataša , Stojanović Tijana , Momčilović Zoran
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this experimental study was to determine the effects of a skill-based exercise program on the body composition of adolescents. The study was conducted on 90 participants, (age, 13±6 years), divided by gender then randomly assigned into two sub-samples: the experimental [SS1, N=39 (EG1, 19 girls and EG2, 20 boys)] and the control group [SS2, N=51 (CG1, 24 girls and CG2, 27 boys)]. Body composition parameters were assessed by a caliper (skinfold thickness) and bioelectrical impedance analyzer Omron BF511 (percentage of body fat tissue and muscle tissue). After conducting the 16-week program of skill-based exercises and small-sided games (SSG) related to volleyball, certain body composition parameters statistically significantly increased in the experimental groups (except body fat percent in girls, and body fat mass in both genders). In the experimental period, the SS2 increased in body fat tissue (both genders) and in muscle tissue (girls), while a decrease in muscle tissue was recorded among the boys. The results of this study showed no significant differences in the effects of the two programs on body composition at the multivariate level for both genders. Furthermore, at the univariate level it was noted that the students following the experimental program (SS1) had better results compared to the SS2 of students in terms of the decrease of body fat tissue, as well as the increase of muscle tissue for both genders. The obtained results indicate that the program of skill-based exercises and SSG related to volleyball is suitable for adequate intensification of PE classes and improvement of body composition parameters of elementary school students.
TAKING A STAND: STANCE STRATEGIES IN L1 SERBIAN ENGLISH LEARNERS’ EXPOSITORY ESSAYS
Authors: Veličković Marta , Danilović Jeremić Jelena
Published: May 2020

An important part of undergraduate essay writing is the argumentative/persuasive essay genre, which has been described as one of the keys to academic success in higher education (Chandrasegaran and Kong, 2006). It requires not only grammatical fluency and appropriate cohesion, but also that the author be able to take a stand on a particular issue. In an attempt to understand what strategies Serbian L1 English learners at the tertiary level use to take a stand, we analyzed a corpus of their expository (argumentative and opinion) essays. The essays were analyzed and coded for various linguistic structures used to convey taking a stand. These include nouns which are preceded by a sentence initial deictic This as a structure which encapsulates previous propositions, reported speech used to assign a stance to and take a stand on the reported speaker and the event, the passive voice, demonstrative pronouns, and the like. The quantitative analysis of this material was carried out with the aim of presenting our findings in the light of possible implications for teaching expository/persuasive writing at the tertiary level to NNS of English, in an attempt to bridge the intercultural gap that any NNS faces when forced to express their opinions in a language other than their own.
Entrevista al Doctor Juan Antonio García Amado
Authors: Uscanga Barradas Abril
Published: May 2020

Juan Antonio García Amado es Licenciado y Doctor en Derecho por la Universidad de Oviedo. Catedrático de Filosofía del Derecho de la Universidad de León desde 1994. Recibió el Premio de Investigación en Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales con ocasión del XXV aniversario de la Universidad de León. Posee la Orden del Congreso de Colombia en el Grado de Cruz de Caballero. Doctor honoris causa por varias universidades latinoamericanas. Miembro del comité editorial o el comité científico de revistas como Rechtstheorie, Doxa, Droit et Société, Derechos y libertades y numerosas publicaciones jurídicas y filosóficas de América Latina. Autor de más de dos centeneras de artículos en libros colectivos y revistas españolas y extranjeras, así como artículos traducidos al portugués, el francés y el alemán. Ha publicado sobre temas de Filosofía y Teoría del Derecho, Filosofía política, Derecho penal, Derecho constitucional, Derecho civil, Derecho administrativo, Derecho laboral, Derecho y cine, Derecho y literatura, etc.

Entre sus libros de encuentran: Teorías de la tópica jurídica (Civitas, 1988 y Palestra Editores, 2019); Hans Kelsen y la norma fundamental (Marcial Pons, 1996); La filosofía del Derecho de Habermas y Luhman (Universidad Externado de Colombia, 1997) Escritos de Filosofía del Derecho (1999); Ensayos de filosofía jurídica (Temis, 2003); La Lista de Schindler. Abismos que el Derecho difícilmente alcanza (Tirant lo Blanch, 2003); Delito político (2007); Un debate sobre ponderación (con Manuel Atienza, Palestra, 2012); El Derecho y sus circunstancias (Universidad Externado de Colombia, 2010); Iusmoralismo(s). Dworkin, Alexy, Nino (Cevallos Editora Jurídica, 2015); Teoría de la decisión judicial. Subsunción, argumentación, ponderación (Ediciones Nueva Jurídica, 2016); Filosofía política para juristas. Doctrinas, debates y cuestiones prácticas (Ediciones Doctrina y Ley, 2017), Ponderación judicial. Estudios críticos (Zela, 2019), Razonamiento jurídico y argumentación (Eolas, 2020, segunda edición ampliada; Zela, 2019), entre otros.Ha editado o coordinado libros colectivos como El Derecho en la teoría social. Diálogo con catorce propuestas actuales (Dykinson, 2001); Torturas en el cine (editor junto con Manuel Paredes Castañón, Tirant lo Blanch, 2005); Filosofía del Derecho penal (editor junto con Miguel Díaz y García Conlledo, Universidad Externado de Colombia, 2006); Prueba y razonamiento probatorio en Derecho. Un debate sobre abducción (con Pablo Bonorino, Editorial Comares, 2014); La responsabilidad civil por daños en las relaciones familiares (Bosch, 2017); Conflictos de derechos. Problemas teóricos y supuestos prácticos (Tirant lo Blanch, 2019), etc.Redacta el blog Dura Lex (www.garciamado.blogspot.com), de temática jurídica, política y social y colabora habitualmente con el blog jurídico almacendederecho.org.Director del Máster Online en Argumentación Jurídica impartido por convenio entre la Universidad de León y Tirant Formación.
Self-Emulsifying Formulations: A Pharmaceutical Review
Authors: Agubata Chukwuma
Published: May 2020

The oral route of drug delivery is commonly utilized for administration of medicines and is particularly preferred for the treatment of many chronic diseases which require continuous ingestion over a reasonably prolonged period of time. However the oral delivery of lipophilic drugs presents a major obstacle because of their low aqueous solubility. The aqueous solubility of a drug is a crucial determinant of its dissolution rate, absorption and bioavailability. Drugs with relatively high intrinsic lipophilicity can be dissolved in appropriate mixtures of oils/lipids, surfactants, cosolvents which can rapidly form oil-in-water (o/w) fine emulsions when dispersed in aqueous phase under mild agitation or mixing. These isotropic self-emulsifying formulations or self-emulsifying drug delivery systems are effective for delivery of poorly soluble, lipophilic drugs by dispersing the drugs within fine oil droplets in emulsions and this solubilization of drugs can then improve its absorption, bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. The present paper reviews the concept, design, formulation, characterization and applications of self-emulsifying formulations.

Keywords: Self-Emulsifying Formulations, lipophilicity, emulsions
Management of Hypertension with Conventional and Herbals Drugs
Authors: Marjina , , Singh Amandeep , Sharma Amit , Narang Raj Kumar , Singh Gurmeet
Published: May 2020

In this article, we have discussed about Types (primary, secondary, isolated, white coat, malignant, resistant and pulmonary hypertension), classification, adverse drug reactions of antihypertensive drugs (beta-blocker induce psoriasis and calcium channel blocker cause peripheral oedema. ACE inhibitor produce ankle oedema and thiazide diuretics causes hypenatremia and also hyperglycaemia. These are some of the serious adverse drug reactions associated with patients who are being treated with these drugs), measurement, management, diagnosis and associated diseases (e.g. diabetes mellitus, heart disease, cerebrovascular disease) lastly concluded about the herbal approach for management of hypertension  .

Keywords: Hypertension, conventional drugs, Herbal drugs
Recent trends in management of common glomerulopathy
Authors: El-Reshaid Kamel
Published: May 2020

Diagnosis of glomerulopathy requires correlation between: (a) clinicopathological syndromes, (b) kidney histology for the abnormalities which are useful for the severity of disease, stage of activity and extent of chronicity.  Subsequently, management dictates the choice of effective medications to avoid renal loss and long-term side effects.  In this review article; we provide our practical experience with drug-therapy in common idiopathic and secondary glomerular diseases.

Keywords: glomerulopathy, kidney biopsy, nephrotic syndrome, Rituximab, treatment.
Antimicrobial and Hepatoprotective Potential of Pterospermum acerifollium leaves Extracts on Swiss albino mice
Authors: Varandani Deepa , Sekhar Sharmishta , Trivedi Suman , Jha Megha , Jain Sourabh
Published: May 2020

The objective of present study to investigate the hepatoprotective activity of hydro-alcohollic extract leaves of Pterospermum acerifollium against antitubercular drug induced liver damage in swiss albino mice and also performs antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion assay. Successive extractions was performed with different organic solvents viz; hydroalcohollic by cold maceration. The extract was analysed as antioxidant activity as a content of Total phenolic content, Total flavanoid content, Reducing power assay and DPPH Scavenging assay. Antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract was estimated by Agar well diffusion method. Antitubercular drug induced is used as toxicants in hepatoprotective studies in acute condition was analysed by serum biochemical estimations by AST, ALT, ALP and Total Bilirubin. In-vivo Antioxidant activity was performed by LPO, GSH, SOD and Catalase. During the collection of tissue for biochemical estimation piece of tissue cut and transferred for Histopathological estimation. The levels were measured and it indicated that the extract had significant antioxidant activity however the results obtained were dose dependent the higher the dose (400 mg/kg) the better activity. The extract administered at dose 400 mg/kg showed better activity. The treatment with hydroalcohollic extract of Pterospermum acerifillium reduced the elevated levels of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, TB and also reversed the hepatic damage towards normal which further supports the hepatoprotective activity.

Keywords: Succesive extraction, In-vivo, Serum biochemical, Cold maceration
Formulation and Evaluation of Herbo-Mineral Facial Scrub
Authors: Mahajan Shraddha , Gayakwad Devshree , Tiwari Abhilasha , Darwhekar G. N.
Published: May 2020

The main objective of present study was to prepare a herbo-mineral facial scrub. Majorly facial skin comes in direct contact of dirt, pollution, dust particles and having large number of dead cells. In order to remove the dead cells and make the skin healthy, cleaned and nourished, some facial preparations required. The prepared scrub contains various natural ingredients which are safer for use and having fewer side effects and also they possess antiseptic, anti-infective, antioxidant, anti-aging and humectant properties. The scrub was prepared by using simple mixing method using various ingredients such as poppy seeds, neem extract, tulsi extract, aloe vera gel, almond oil, mixed in carbopol 934, rest of ingredients such as glycerin, triethanolamine, preservatives and perfuming agent were also added to this preparation with homogeneous mixing. The formulated scrub was evaluated for various parameters such as physical appearance, color, texture, odor, pH, viscosity, irritability, washability, homogeneity, extrudability, spreadability and found fruitful results for all the parameter tested. Thus the prepared formulation can be used effectively as it shows good scrubbing properties and it can be used to make a healthy, clean and glowing skin.

Keywords: Facial scrub, antiseptic, anti-aging, herbal, poppy seeds etc.
Phytochemicals in Cancer Treatment : A Review
Authors: Murugesan Priya , Venkatajalapathi Thrisha
Published: May 2020

Cancer is a heterogeneous disease characterized by uncontrolled proliferation and impaired

cell cycle leading to the growth of abnormal cells that invade and metastasize to other parts of the body. Oxidative stress, hypoxia, genetic mutations and lack of apoptotic function are the main internal causes of cancer, whereas the external causes are related to increased exposure to stress, pollution, smoking, radiation and ultraviolet rays. Phytochemicals derived from plants, serve as vital resources for novel drugs and are also sources for cancer therapy. The objective of this review is to describe the active compounds derived from the natural products/plants, along with their pharmacologic action and molecular targets.
Role of Micro Emulsion Based In-Situ Gelling System of Fluoroquinolone for Treatment of Posterior Segment Eye Diseases (PSED)
Authors: Fatima Eram , Vivek Dr.
Published: May 2020

The in situ drug delivery system and colloidal formulation like micro emulsion has potential to use in ocular delivery. Micro emulsion provides better permeation of drug through the membrane and provides improved bioavailability. The in situ drug delivery system decreases pre-corneal drainage, increase the contact time of formulation with eye and prolong the release in ocular tissues. Again, in situ gelling system has advantage of delivering accurate and reproducible quantities each time, against any already gelled formulations. To combine the benefits of these two dosage forms, micro emulsion based in situ gelling system can be developed as a novel vehicle for ophthalmic drug delivery. Endophthalmitis is an infection of intraocular fluids like vitreous humor and ocular tissues. To combat the disease, the formulation which provides sufficient concentration in posterior segment eye diseases (PSED) is required.

Keywords: Posterior segment eye diseases, micro emulsion, drug delivery system, ocular, formulation.
In Vivo Antioxidant Potential of Protein Hydrolysates of some Cucurbitaceae Seed
Authors: Dash Priyanka , Rath Goutam , Ghosh Goutam
Published: May 2020

Nowadays, dietary proteins play a very crucial role against oxidation, which is a fundamental process in the occurrence of many diseases.  The aim of this study was to hydrolyze globulin fractions from C. moschata (CMH), C. lanatus (CLH) and L. siceraria (LSH), and to evaluate their in vivo antioxidant potential.  The in vivo antioxidant potential was conducted using in vivo catalase and lipid peroxidation (LPO) assay methods. The total protein content was also estimated using Bio-Rad protein assay and bovine serum albumin methods. For in vivo study, ethanol was induced into test animals for toxicity and oxidative damage for 15 days. The catalase and LOP of serum / liver homogenate were determined. The results showed that globulin hydrolysates decrease the MDA level and increase the catalase level in normal mice. Based on these findings, this study provides information about in vivo antioxidant activities of C. moschata, C. lanatus and L. siceraria hydrolysates. Globulin hydrolysates of L. siceraria showed effective antioxidant properties in vivo models, whereas globulin hydrolysates of C. moschata and C. lanatus exhibited remarkable antioxidant properties, as well. Thus, the results suggest that globulin hydrolysates might be used as a novel source in reducing the risk of oxidative stressed diseases and development of functional foods.

Keywords: cucurbitaceae, globulin, antioxidant, trypsin
LA DISPONIBILIDAD EN LOS BIENES JURÍDICOS
Authors: Ackermann Hormazábal Ignacio E. , Ovalle Donoso María Fernanda
Published: May 2020

A partir de la constatación del problema que enfrenta la concepción tradicional para explicar la indisponibilidad de ciertos bienes individuales, este trabajo propone una concepción de la disponibilidad que permita armo- nizar sus fundamentos con el ejercicio de ciertos bienes jurídicos en el marco de un Estado democrático de Derecho.
Análisis de QoS para IPTV en un Entorno de Redes Definidas por Software
Authors: Campo Muñoz Wilmar Yesid
Published: May 2020

El despliegue masivo de servicios, soportados en la tecnología del videostreaming, trae consigo la expansión de redes de datos y el crecimiento del ancho de banda necesario para transportar la información. Esto, a su vez, demanda mayores capacidades de control y gestión de red que permitan garantizar calidad de servicio (QoS) al usuario final. Tal demanda ha impulsado la innovación de las arquitecturas de red. Surgen así las redes definidas por software (SDN), paradigma de arquitectura de red donde se desacoplan los planos de datos y control. Así, este artículo analiza, para uno de los servicios de videostreaming, como lo es la televisión sobre el protocolo IP (IPTV), las métricas de QoS sobre una red SDN real y emulada. Los resultados demuestran que es posible igualar la QoS de una arquitectura convencional, ofreciendo otras ventajas a la red como la lógica centralizada y programabilidad desde el plano de gestión.
Revisión sistemática de literatura sobre modelos de pronósticos de consumo de energía eléctrica
Authors: Mazzeo Agustín José , Sepúlveda Cano Lina María , Villa Montoya Luisa Fernanda , Gallego Burgos Ricardo Alonso
Published: May 2020

El creciente consumo de energía eléctrica, los cambios climáticos y el desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías exigen mejoras para la gestión eficiente de la energía. El adecuado pronóstico del consumo de energía es relevante para el desarrollo sostenible de cualquier país. En este artículo se propone una revisión sistemática de literatura seleccionada a partir de cadenas de búsqueda formada por las palabras forecasting, energyy consumptionaplicadas en las bases de datos científicas. Se comparan principalmente los modelos/técnicas utilizadas, las variables consideradas y las métricas de error usadas con el fin de obtener conocimiento de cada una de las propuestas, relevar sus características y así poder evidenciar el vacío en la literatura que podría determinar la semilla para un nuevo trabajo de investigación. Como conclusiones se observan el uso continuo de redes neuronales artificiales para el pronóstico de consumo, la importancia determinar las variables de entrada y la medición del error para evaluar la precisión de los modelos. Finalmente, como nueva línea de investigación se propone desarrollar un modelo para el pronóstico de corto plazo de CEE para un país latinoamericano en vías de desarrollo, a partir de la comparación y evaluación de diferentes técnicas/modelos, variables y herramientas ya existentes.
A Fábrica de Monstros: performances da masculinidade em entrevistas com Léo Stronda
Authors: Sacramento Igor , Brasiliense Danielle Ramos , Sanches Julio Cesar
Published: May 2020

Nos últimos anos, percebemos o uso frequente de palavras como “monstro” e “monstrão” como qualificadores de corpos masculinos musculosos, mas também como vetores da identificação da virilidade como valor pelo bodybuilding. Neste texto, analisaremos esses discursos por meio de entrevistas com Léo Stronda, cujas performances da masculinidade consistem nos modos de afirmação de um projeto identitário centrado na revaloração da monstruosidade. Nossa análise consistirá em duas etapas. Na primeira, abordaremos os modos como Léo Stronda se identifica como monstro, reelaborando seu passado e projetando um futuro, o que o permite afirmar uma autoridade por meio da conquista do corpo-monstro. Em seguida, tratamos dos comentários aos vídeos e do reconhecimento do youtuber como modelo e guru do "ser monstro". Concluímos que a associação entre masculinidade e monstruosidade em um sentido positivo contribui para a construção da virilidade pela brutalidade e preocupação com a aparência, o que configura a forma corporal como parte de um estilo de vida.