bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synchronous bilateral ureteral and renal pelvic carcinomas
Authors: Holmäng Sten , Johansson Sonny L.
Published: August 2004

BACKGROUND

Synchronous bilateral urothelial tumors of the upper urinary tract are very rare. The authors reported baseline and long‐term follow‐up data for all patients in western Sweden during a 28‐year period.

METHODS

The authors performed a clinical and histopathologic study of all patients in western Sweden who were diagnosed with a malignant neoplasm in the renal pelvis or ureter between 1971 and 1998.

RESULTS

Of 936 patients, 15 (1.6%) had synchronous bilateral tumors. The incidence of such tumors decreased in each successive decade. Abuse of phenacetin‐containing analgesics by patients also decreased during the study period, as did the incidence of renal papillary necrosis. The median age at diagnosis of bilateral tumors was 68 years, and 80% of the patients were male. Eleven patients had bilateral tumors of the renal pelvis, two had bilateral ureteral tumors, and two had tumors of the renal pelvis and contralateral ureter. Partial renal pelvic, ureteral, or kidney resection on at least one side was possible in eight patients, and four patients were left untreated on at least one side. Only three patients underwent bilateral nephroureterectomy. Twelve patients (80%) had bladder carcinoma diagnosed either before or after diagnosis of the upper tract tumors. The median survival period for the 11 patients who received surgery for their bilateral tumors was 84 months.

CONCLUSIONS

The decreasing incidence of synchronous bilateral upper tract tumors may be related to the prohibition of phenacetin‐containing analgesics in the 1960s. Partial resection with preservation of the renal parenchyma was possible in the majority of patients. Survival for patients with bilateral tumors did not differ from that of patients with unilateral tumors. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Distribution of trigeminothalamic and spinothalamic lamina I terminations in the macaque monkey
Authors: Craig A.D. (Bud)
Published: August 2004

Thalamic terminations from trigeminal, cervical, and lumbosacral lamina I neurons were investigated with Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA‐L) and labeled dextrans. Iontophoretic injections guided by physiological recordings were restricted to lamina I or laminae I–II. PHA‐L‐labeled trigemino‐ and spinothalamic (TSTT) terminations were identified immunohistochemically. TRITC‐ and FITC‐labeled dextrans were injected at different levels to confirm topography. Terminations consistently occurred in two main locations: a distinguishable portion of posterolateral thalamus identified cytoarchitectonically as the posterior part of the ventral medial nucleus (VMpo) and a portion of posteromedial thalamus designated as the ventral caudal part of the medial dorsal nucleus (MDvc). In addition, isolated fibers bearing boutons of passage were observed in the ventral posterior medial and lateral (VPM and VPL) nuclei, and spinal terminations occurred in the ventral posterior inferior nucleus (VPI). Isolated terminations occasionally occurred in other sites (e.g., suprageniculate, zona incerta, hypothalamic paraventricular n.). Terminations in MDvc occurred in concise foci that were weakly organized topographically (posteroanterior = rostrocaudal). Terminations in VMpo consisted of dense clusters of ramified terminal arbors bearing multiple large boutons that were well organized topographically (anteroposterior = rostrocaudal). Terminations in VMpo colocalized with a field of calbindin‐immunoreactive terminal fibers; double‐labeled terminals were documented at high magnification. This propitious marker was especially useful at anterior levels, where VMpo can easily be misidentified as VPM. These findings demonstrate phylogenetically novel primate lamina I TSTT projections important for sensory and motivational aspects of pain, temperature, itch, muscle ache, sensual touch, and other interoceptive feelings from the body. J. Comp. Neurol. 477:119–148, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor‐like immunoreactivity in the brain of Sepia and Octopus
Authors: Di Cosmo Anna , Paolucci Marina , Di Cristo Carlo
Published: August 2004

Ionotropic glutamate receptors have been subdivided into N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) and AMPA/kainate classes. NMDA receptor subunit 2A and 2B immunoreactivity is shown to be present in specific regions of the central nervous system (CNS) of the cephalopod molluscs Sepia officinalis and Octopus vulgaris. An antibody that recognizes both mammalian NMDAR2A and NMDAR2B subunits equally was used. SDS‐PAGE/Western blot analysis performed on membrane proteins revealed an immunoreactive band at 170 kDa for both species. Immunoreactive bands from both Octopus and Sepia brains disappeared when the antibody was preabsorbed with membrane proteins from rat hippocampus or from their own brains. The same antibody was then used for immunohistochemical staining of serial sections of the CNS to reveal localized specific staining of cell bodies and fibers in several lobes of the brain. Staining was found in lower motor centers, in some higher motor centers, in learning centers, and in the optic lobes. Immunopositivity was also found in the areas of brain that control the activity of the optic gland, a gonadotropic endocrine gland. These findings suggest that glutamate, via NMDA receptors, may be involved as a signaling molecule in motor, learning, visual, and olfactory systems in the cephalopod brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 477:202–219, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Somatomotor system of the adult amphioxus (Branchiostoma lanceolatum) revealed by an anticalretinin antiserum: An immunocytochemical study
Authors: Castro Antonio , Becerra Manuela , Jesús Manso María , Anadón Ramón
Published: August 2004

In a classic study with silver staining methods, the somatomotor system of the amphioxus spinal cord was described as consisting of three different types of neuron segmentally arranged in two opposite fan‐shaped group types (Bone [1960] J Comp Neurol 115:27–64). The present study reports the presence of calretinin‐like immunoreactivity in the somatomotor system of the amphioxus, which allows us to reevaluate old descriptions of amphioxus motoneurons. In the spinal cord, two types of calretinin‐like immunoreactive (CR‐ir) motoneurons, large and small, sent processes toward the ventrolateral region of the cord, where they branched and gave rise to processes coursing longitudinally in the somatomotor bundles. These processes produced a number of long and thin collaterals directed to several neuropil regions. Short collaterals were directed to the region of the neuromuscular contacts at the ventrolateral surface of the cord. The groups of CR‐ir motoneurons exhibited a segmental organization and were localized only facing the myomeres, i.e., opposite to the entrance of the dorsal nerve roots, which is at variance with the above‐mentioned classical report. CR‐ir motoneurons were also observed in the brain between a level just rostral to the nerve III entry and nerve VI. The CR‐ir somatomotor bundle ascended to the region of the neuromuscular junction of myomere 1. Additional faintly CR‐ir neurons were observed in the region of the lamellate body of the brain. Our results reveal for the first time that calretinin immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of amphioxus was limited to a few types of neuron and that calretinin was not expressed in the peripheral nervous system, unlike vertebrates. J. Comp. Neurol. 477:161–171, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Parvalbumin is expressed in glutamatergic and GABAergic corticostriatal pathway in mice
Authors: Jinno Shozo , Kosaka Toshio
Published: August 2004

The connections between the cortex and the striatum are critically involved in control and execution of voluntary movements. Here we focused on the expression of calcium binding protein parvalbumin (PV) in the corticostriatal pathway. Injections of Fluorogold into the striatum gave rise to retrograde labeling of PV‐positive neurons in the retrosplenial cortex and somatosensory cortex. The PV‐positive corticostriatal projection neurons were mainly found in layer V, but occasionally seen in layers II, III, and VI. The PV immunoreactivity of retrogradely labeled cells was weaker than that of nonlabeled cells. Although it was rather difficult to analyze the morphology of Fluorogold‐labeled neurons that exhibited PV immunoreactivity, some of them showed distinct apical dendrites and were considered pyramidal cells. The main target of PV‐positive cortical afferents was the caudal striatum on the ipsilateral side. Next, we tested whether PV‐positive corticostriatal projection neurons were GABAergic or not, because previous studies emphasized that PV was an important marker for cortical GABAergic neurons. Unexpectedly, we found that the majority of PV‐positive corticostriatal projection neurons were glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)‐negative, while some of them were GAD‐positive. Finally, an anterograde tracer Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA‐L) injection into the somatosensory cortex resulted in many PV‐positive corticostriatal terminals that were vesicular glutamate transporter 1‐positive, whereas some of the PV‐positive PHA‐L‐labeled terminals were GAD‐positive. Our results provide anatomical evidence for expression of PV in glutamatergic and GABAergic corticostriatal pathway in mice and suggest that a subset of cortical afferents may exert some inhibitory influence on striatal activity. J. Comp. Neurol. 477:188–201, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Myelin stains reveal an anatomical framework for the representation of the digits in somatosensory area 3b of macaque monkeys
Authors: Qi Hui‐Xin , Kaas Jon H.
Published: August 2004

Brain sections cut parallel to the cortical surface revealed myelin‐light septa that isolated representations of the digits and parts of the face, teeth, and tongue in area 3b of adult and infant macaque monkeys. The widths of the bands of cortex representing individual digits, as measured by the distances between isolating septa, were proportionally similar in infant (2–4 week) and adult monkeys. However, the bands for digits 1–3 were somewhat narrower in infant than adult monkeys. There was little variation in absolute widths across individuals in the infant or adult groups, or between left and right hemispheres of the same group. Widths for digits 1–4 progressively decreased. The results suggest that these isomorphs of digits emerge in prenatal or early postnatal development and typical variations in postnatal hand use have little impact on subsequent development. As the hand representation in somatosensory cortex of monkeys may be significantly altered after the partial loss of peripheral nerve inputs, the physiological representation is not completely constrained by the isolating septa. Instead, the septa may serve as a persistent marker of normal organization in studies of cortical reorganization. J. Comp. Neurol. 477:172–187, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synaptic relationships between axon terminals from the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus and γ‐aminobutyric acidergic cortical cells in the prelimbic cortex of the rat
Authors: Kuroda Masaru , Yokofujita Junko , Oda Satoko , Price Joseph L.
Published: August 2004

Although the reciprocal interconnections between the prefrontal cortex and the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus (MD) are well known, the involvement of inhibitory cortical interneurons in the neural circuit has not been fully defined. To address this issue, we conducted three combined neuroanatomical studies on the rat brain. First, the frequency and the spatial distribution of synapses made by reconstructed dendrites of nonpyramidal neurons were identified by impregnation of cortical cells with the Golgi method and identification of thalamocortical terminals by degeneration following thalamic lesions. Terminals from MD were found to make synaptic contacts with small dendritic shafts or spines of Golgi‐impregnated nonpyramidal cells with very sparse dendritic spines. Second, a combined study that used anterograde transport of Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA‐L) and postembedding γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) immunocytochemistry indicated that PHA‐L‐labeled terminals from MD made synaptic junctions with GABA‐immunoreactive dendritic shafts and spines. Nonlabeled dendritic spines were found to receive both axonal inputs from MD with PHA‐L labelings and from GABAergic cells. In addition, synapses were found between dendritic shafts and axon terminals that were both immunoreactive for GABA. Third, synaptic connections between corticothalamic neurons that project to MD and GABAergic terminals were investigated by using wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase and postembedding GABA immunocytochemistry. GABAergic terminals in the prelimbic cortex made symmetrical synaptic contacts with retrogradely labeled corticothalamic neurons to MD. All of the synapses were found on cell somata and thick dendritic trunks. These results provide the first demonstration of synaptic contacts in the prelimbic cortex not only between thalamocortical terminals from MD and GABAergic interneurons but also between GABAergic terminals and corticothalamic neurons that project to MD. The anatomical findings indicate that GABAergic interneurons have a modulatory influence on excitatory reverberation between MD and the prefrontal cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 477:220–234, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anatomical and cellular localization of neuroactive 5α/3α‐reduced steroid‐synthesizing enzymes in the spinal cord
Authors: Patte‐Mensah Christine , Penning Trevor M. , Mensah‐Nyagan Ayikoe G.
Published: August 2004

The complementary activities of 5α‐reductase (5α‐R) and 3α‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3α‐HSD) are crucial for the synthesis of neuroactive 5α/3α‐reduced steroids, such as 3α‐androstanediol, allopregnanolone, and tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone, which control several important neurophysiological mechanisms through allosteric modulation of γ‐aminobutyric acid type A receptors. Immunocytochemical localization of 3α‐HSD in the central nervous system (CNS) has never been determined. The presence and activity of 5α‐R have been investigated in the CNS, but only the brain was considered; the spinal cord (SC) received little attention, although this structure is crucial for many sensorimotor activities. We have determined the first cellular distribution of 5α‐reductase type 1 (5α‐R1) and type 2 (5α‐R2) and 3α‐HSD immunoreactivities in adult rat SC. 5α‐R1 immunostaining was detected mainly in the white matter (Wm). In contrast, intense 5α‐R2 labeling was observed in dorsal (DH) and ventral horns of gray matter (Gm). 3α‐HSD immunoreactivity was largely distributed in the Wm and Gm, but the highest density was found in sensory areas of the DH. Double‐labeling experiments combined with confocal analysis revealed that, in the Wm, 5α‐R1 was localized in glial cells, whereas 35% of 5α‐R2 and 3α‐HSD immunoreactivities were found in neurons. In the DH, 60% of 5α‐R2 immunostaining colocalized with oligodendrocyte, 25% with neuron, and 15% with astrocyte markers. Similarly, 45% of 3α‐HSD immunoreactivity was found in oligodendrocytes, 35% in neurons, and 20% in astrocytes. These results are the first demonstrating that oligodendrocytes and neurons of the SC possess the key enzymatic complex for synthesizing potent neuroactive steroids that may control spinal sensorimotor processes. J. Comp. Neurol. 477:286–299, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Calpain activity in the amikacin‐damaged rat cochlea
Authors: Ladrech Sabine , Guitton Matthieu , Saido Takaomi , Lenoir Marc
Published: August 2004

The principal aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of calpain in the degeneration of hair cells and ganglion neurons in the amikacin‐poisoned rat cochlea. An antibody designed against fodrin‐breakdown products (FBDP), which result exclusively from cleavage by calpain, was used. In addition, the involvement of both caspases and protein kinase C (PKC) was studied using, respectively, antibodies against activated caspase 3 and PKCγ. The results demonstrate the accumulation of FBDP in the degenerating hair cells, in some supporting cells such as Deiters cells, and, later, in the affected ganglion neurons that had been deprived of their sensory targets. Activated caspase 3 was evidenced in a few dying hair cells and ganglion neurons. PKCγ was highly expressed in all ganglion neurons, sometimes after the loss of hair cells. We conclude that calpain plays a role in the degradation of both the sensory cells and neurons after amikacin ototoxicity. In the poisoned hair cells, calpain and caspase 3 may have synergistic effects in the process of apoptosis. In the ganglion neurons deprived of their sensory elements, calpain may have a prominent role in cell degradation. By contrast, in these ganglion neurons PKCγ may be implicated in a survival process. Finally, we suggest that calpain is involved in the remodeling of Deiters cells during the scarring process that follows hair cell loss. J. Comp. Neurol. 477:149–160, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunohistochemical localization of cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript peptide in the central nervous system of the frog Rana esculenta
Authors: Lázár Gyula , Calle Marinella , Roubos Eric W. , Kozicz Tamás
Published: August 2004

The distribution of cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript peptide (CARTp)‐ like immunoreactivity was studied only in the rat central nervous system (CNS). In mammals, CART peptides occur among others in brain areas that control feeding behavior. We mapped CARTp‐immunoreactive structures in the CNS of the frog Rana esculenta and assumed that differences may exist in the CARTp‐containing neuronal populations between the frog, which does not feed in winter, and the rat. In the forebrain, immunoreactive cells and fibers were found in the olfactory bulb, nucleus accumbens, amygdala, medial pallium, septum, striatum, the preoptic nuclei, ventromedial nucleus, central thalamic nucleus, and the hypothalamus. The optic pathway was free of immunoreactivity. The neurohypophysis showed intense immunostaining. In the mesencephalon, many cells were stained in the Edinger–Westphal nucleus, and a few in the optic tectum, where fibers were stained in all plexiform layers. In the retina, some cells in the inner nuclear layer contained CARTp. In the rhombencephalon, cells were stained in the raphe nuclei, central gray, nucleus of the solitary tract, and the vicinity of motor nuclei. Neurons of the motor cranial nerves were densely innervated by CARTp‐positive fibers originating from the spinal cord. In the spinal cord, preganglionic cells were stained, and motoneurons were surrounded by immunoreactive varicose axon terminals. Major differences were found between the frog and the rat brains in the distribution of CARTp in the visual system, olfactory bulb, preoptic area, and the motor nuclei. Some of these differences may be related to feeding behavior of these animals. J. Comp. Neurol. 477:324–339, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electrochemical Modulation of Remote Fluorescence Imaging at an Ordered Opto‐electrochemical Nanoaperture Array
Authors: Chovin Arnaud , Garrigue Patrick , Servant Laurent , Sojic Neso
Published: August 2004

An array of nanometer‐sized apertures capable of electrochemically modulating the fluorescence of a model analyte is presented. The device, which combines near‐field optical methods and ultramicroelectrode properties in an array format, is based on an etched coherent optical fiber bundle. Indeed, the fabrication steps produced an ordered array where each optical nanoaperture is surrounded by a ring‐shaped gold nanoelectrode. The chronoamperometric behavior of the array shows stable diffusion‐limited quasi‐steady‐state response. The model analyte, tris(2,2′‐bipyridine) ruthenium, emits fluorescence in the Ru(II) state, but not in the oxidized Ru(III) state. Fluorescence is excited by visible light exiting from each nanoaperture since light is confined to the tip apex by the gold coating. A fraction of the isotropically emitted luminescence is collected by the same nanoaperture, transmitted by the corresponding fiber core and eventually detected by a charge‐coupled device (CCD) camera. The array format provides a fluorescence image resolved at the nanometric scale which covers a large micrometric area. Therefore the high‐density array plays a bridging role between these two fundamental scales. We established that the opto‐electrochemical nanoapertures are optically independent. Fluorescence of the sample collected by each nanoaperture is modulated by changing the potential of the nanoring electrodes. Reversible electrochemical switching of remote fluorescence imaging is performed through the opto‐electrochemical nanoaperture array itself. Eventually this ordered structure of nanometer light sources which are electrochemically manipulated provides promising photonic or electro‐optical devices for various future applications. For example, such an array has potential in the development of a combined SNOM‐electrochemical nanoprobe array to image a real sample concomitantly at the nanometer and micrometer scale.
Cover Picture: Biomolecule‐Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes: Applications in Nanobioelectronics (ChemPhysChem 8/2004)
Authors: Katz Eugenii , Willner Itamar
Published: August 2004

The cover picture shows that biomolecule–carbon nanotube hybrids provide exciting new materials for bionanotechnology. In the Review on pp. 1084, E. Katz and I. Willner highlight recent advances in the field. The use of these systems for electronic biosensing, assembly of nanocircuitry, and the organization of nanoscale devices is discussed.
Structure, growth and optical properties of Zn0.24Ni0.76(SO4)·7H2O single crystal
Authors: Zhuang Xinxin , Su Genbo , Wang Guofu , Li Guohui , Huang Zixiang
Published: August 2004

A new crystalline complex zinc nickel sulfate heptahydrate (ZNSH) has been prepared. The crystal structure was investigated by x‐ray single crystal diffraction method and the empirical formula is Zn0.24Ni0.76(SO4)·7H2O. The ZNSH crystal belongs to the orthorhombic space group P212121 with cell parameters a = 6.7742(14) Å, b = 11.748(2) Å, c = 12.009(2) Å. The deep‐green ZNSH single crystal with dimension of 30 × 25 × 25 mm3 has been grown by the cooling solution method. The constituent ratio of ZNSH crystal grown from various compounding solutions at temperature range 40‐50 °C is approximate invariant. The crystal absorption spectra with theoretical analysis are reported. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
AFM study of the surface morphology of the {100} cleavage planes of L‐arginine phosphate monohydrate single crystals
Authors: Geng Y. L. , Xu D. , Sun D. L. , Wang X. Q. , Du W. , Liu H. Y. , Zhang G. H.
Published: August 2004

Surface morphology of the {100} cleavage planes of L‐arginine phosphate monohydrate single crystals grown from aqueous solutions is described and discussed. Different from the previous studies, dislocations are not frequently detected and most of them don't have hollow cores on the emergence points. Various step patterns are also described. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Numerical simulation of heat conduction for the growth of anisotropic layered GaSe crystals
Authors: Tasarkuyu E. , Akinoglu B. G.
Published: August 2004

In this report, we present the usage of a second rank cylindrical conductivity tensor which we derived to simulate the crystal growth processes of a layered compound GaSe in a cylindrical enclosure by directional solidification. Use of such a tensor is inevitable in the simulations of the growth of highly anisotropic crystals having layered structure, since the crystallographic orientation of the grown material is not necessarily aligned with the ampoule symmetry. Using the finite difference control volume approach in 3D, we solved transient heat conduction equation for a highly anisotropic solid in a cylindrical enclosure. We obtained sloped thermal fields and isothermal surfaces and the magnitudes of the slopes are strong functions of both azimuthal angle and growth orientation. The results showed that the orientation of the crystallographic axes of GaSe in the enclosure is quite effective in the steady and the transient fields, isotherms, and axial and radial temperature gradient within the material. Increase of Bi number decreases the magnitude of the slope of isothermal surface. Anisotropy of the conductivity seems to be effective in the orientation of the growth direction of the resulting crystal within the cylindrical ampoule. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electron paramagnetic resonance of Gd3+ in Eu2Zn3(NO3)12·24H2O single crystals
Authors: Jain V. K.
Published: August 2004

Electron paramagnetic resonance of Gd3+ in Eu2Zn3(NO3)12·24H2O single crystals is studied at ≈9.45 GHz and at 298 and 77 K. Gd3+ substitutes for the Eu3+ site. In addition to the allowed fine structure lines, forbidden transitions (ΔM = ±2,±3,±4,±5) are observed. The superposition model is applied to the zero‐field splitting parameter b20. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stable and transient color centers in Gd3Ga5O12 crystals
Authors: Matkovskii A. , Potera P. , Sugak D. , Grigorjeva L. , Millers D. , Pankratov V. , Suchocki A.
Published: August 2004

The work is devoted to investigation of stable color centers (CC) that are created in Gd3Ga5O12 (GGG) crystals under irradiation with γ‐quanta (E = 1.25 MeV, D = 105 Gy ) as well as transient CC created in the crystals under irradiation with pulsed electron beam (E = 0.25 MeV, pulse duration 10 ns, fluence 1012 cm‐2, time interval of registration 0‐500 ns). On the basis of the performed study of optical absorption spectra of the as‐grown and irradiated crystals it was established the correlation between a defect subsystem of as‐grown crystals and a type of CC induced by radiation in the crystals. The role of Ca2+ dopant ions in the processes of CC formation is examined. Models of the stable and transient CC are proposed. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Origin and relation of three kinds of scatter centers in KDP and DKDP crystals
Authors: Sun X. , Wang Z. P. , Wang S. L. , Gu Q. T. , Xu X. G. , Li Y. P. , Fang C. S.
Published: August 2004

The origin of three kinds of scatter centers in KDP and DKDP crystals and their relations were investigated. The results have shown that solid inclusions will form liquid and gas inclusions in KDP (DKDP) crystals. The effect of scatter centers on Laser Damage Threshold of the crystals is not same because their sizes are different. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Infrared photoluminescence from TlGaS2 layered single crystals
Authors: Yuksek N. S. , Gasanly N. M. , Aydinli A. , Ozkan H. , Acikgoz M.
Published: August 2004

Photolimuniscence (PL) spectra of TlGaS2 layered crystals were studied in the wavelength region 500‐1400 nm and in the temperature range 15‐115 K. We observed three broad bands centered at 568 nm (A‐band), 718 nm (B‐band) and 1102 nm (C‐band) in the PL spectrum. The observed bands have half‐widths of 0.221, 0.258 and 0.067 eV for A‐, B‐, and C‐bands, respectively. The increase of the emission band half‐width, the blue shift of the emission band peak energy and the quenching of the PL with increasing temperature are explained using the configuration coordinate model. We have also studied the variations of emission band intensity versus excitation laser intensity in the range from 0.4 to 19.5 W cm‐2. The proposed energy‐level diagram allows us to interpret the recombination processes in TlGaS2 crystals. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
X‐ray powder diffraction study of the semiconducting alloy Cu2Cd0.5Mn0.5GeSe4
Authors: Delgado G. E. , Quintero E. , Tovar R. , Quintero M.
Published: August 2004

The structure of the semiconducting alloy Cu2Cd0.5Mn0.5GeSe4 was refined from an X‐ray powder diffraction pattern using the Rietveld method. The present alloy crystallizes in the wurtz‐stannite structure, space group Pmn21 (No 31), and unit cell parameters values of a = 8.0253(2) Å, b = 6.8591(2) Å, c = 6.5734(2) Å and V = 361.84(2) Å3. The structure exhibits a three‐dimensional arrangement of slightly distorted CuSe4, Cd(Mn)Se4 and GeSe4 tetrahedras connected by corners. © 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Crystal and molecular structure of 3‐phenyl‐4‐(p‐chlorobenzylamino)‐4,5‐dihydro‐1‐H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐on
Authors: Yilmaz V. T. , Agar E. , Guven K. , Kahveci B. , Sasmaz S.
Published: August 2004

The structure of the title compound, C15H13N4OCl was determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction technique. The structure consists of a p‐chlorobenzylamino moiety and triazol and phenyl rings. The title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 14.368(3), b = 6.255(3), c = 17.631(3) Å, β = 113.24(3)°, Z = 4, V = 1455.8(8) Å3 and Dx = 1.372 gcm‐3. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined by full‐matrix least‐squares method (R=0.0477). The dihedral angle between the triazole moiety and the phenyl ring is 28.8(3)°. The molecular packing is stabilized by N‐H…N and N‐H…O types of inter molecular hydrogen bonds. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Crystal structure of 1,4‐dihydroxy‐3,4‐dibromo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐naphthalene
Authors: Öztürk S. , Büyükkįdan B. , Erenler R. , Akkurt M. , Çakmak O. , Fun H.‐K.
Published: August 2004

The title compound (C10H10O2Br2 ) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121 with a = 5.0319(2)Å, b = 13.5282(5)Å, c = 15.6289(6)Å, V = 1063.90(1) Å3, Z = 4, Dx = 2.01 g/cm3 at T = 293(2) K. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined by full‐matrix least‐squares procedures to final R = 0.078 and wR = 0.140 using 1212 observed reflections with [I ≥ 2σ(I)]. The title compound as a whole is not planar. The crystal structure is stabilized by hydrogen contacts and weak van der Waals interactions. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Crystal structure of 2,6‐diphenyl azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonan‐9‐one thiosemicarbazone
Authors: Sampath N. , Malathy Sony S. M. , Ponnuswamy M. N. , Nethaji M.
Published: August 2004

The title compound (C21H24N4S, CCDC 206345) crystallizes in triclinic space group P&1macr; with cell parameters a =12.557(2) Å, b = 12.743(2) Å, c = 13.703(2) Å, α =90.005(3)°, β = 113.663(3)°, γ = 106.756(3)°, V = 1906.2(5) Å3, Z = 4, Dcal = 1.270 Mg/m3 at T =293 K. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined by full‐matrix least‐squares procedures to a final R1= 0.0573and wR2 = 0.1364 using 8192 observed reflections. The piperidine and cyclohexane rings adopt chair conformation. The planar phenyl rings are the equatorial substituents of the piperidine ring. The molecules in the unit cell are stabilized by N‐H…N, N‐H…S & C‐H…π intra and intermolecular hydrogen bond networks in addition to van der Waals forces. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fractal processing for an analysis of the quality and resistivity of large semiconductor plates
Authors: Yücel Kurt H. , Kurt E. , Salamov B. G.
Published: August 2004

A nondestructive method is suggested for the analysis of the quality and resistivity inhomogeneity of semiconductor plates in an ionization system with a SI GaAs semiconductor plate. At the same time, a device for rapid visualization and recording the resistance inhomogeneity and photoconductivity distribution throughout the bulk material in high‐resistivity and photosensitive semiconductor plates of large diameter (50‐100 mm) is described. Semiconductor plates with the resistivity from 105 to 109 Ωcm can be analyzed in the proposed device. The possibilities of the device have been evaluated, i.e. a relative change of the resistance inhomogeneity is determined by a relative change of discharge light emission intensity when a current is passed through an ionization cell. For the quantitative analysis of quality and resistivity inhomogeneity of semiconductor plates, fractal dimension analysis was used following the records of the discharge light emission intensity. The quality of plates was analyzed using both the profile and spatial distributed light emission intensity data showing the internal inhomogeneity in the semiconductor plate. Thus, by using fractal concept, the surface quality of the high‐resistivity semiconductor plate can be assessed exactly and the size and location of the internal inhomogeneities in the semiconductor plate to be ascertained. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Diffusion couple studies of the Ti‐Bi‐Zn system
Authors: Vassilev G. P.
Published: August 2004

The system Ti‐Bi‐Zn has been investigated using diffusion couples consisting of solid Ti and liquid (Bi+Zn) phase. The diffusion paths at 400, 500, 700 and 800 °C have been traced by means of electron microprobe analyses. The growth constants of the diffusion layers are roughly assessed. The phase diagram data obtained in this investigation are compared with previous studies of equilibrated alloys. The existence of the ternary compound TiBiZn has been confirmed. The formation of another phase with approximate formulae Ti4Bi3Zn to Ti9Bi7Zn4 has been observed at high temperatures. The latter compound as well as the ternary extension of the TiXBiY (X ≈ 5, Y ≈ 6) phase react easily with air. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Affinity of single S. cerevisiae cells to 2‐NBDglucose under changing substrate concentrations
Authors: Achilles J. , Müller S. , Bley T. , Babel W.
Published: August 2004

Background

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a widely employed microorganism in biotechnological processes. Since proliferation and product formation depend on the capacity of the cell to access and metabolize a carbon source, a technique was developed to enable for analyzing the S. cerevisiae H155 cells' affinity to extracellular glucose concentrations.

Methods

The fluorescent glucose analogue 2‐NBDglucose was employed as a functional parameter to analyze the cells' affinity to glucose. Structural parameters (proliferation, neutral lipid content, granularity, and cell size) were also investigated. Cells were grown both in batches and in chemostat regimes.

Results

The 2‐NBDglucose uptake in individual cells proceeds in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner and is affected by respiratory and respirofermentative modes of growth. The process is inhibited by D‐glucose, D‐fructose, D‐mannose, and sucrose, but not L‐glucose, D‐galactose or lactose; maltose is a weak inhibitor. The affinity of the individual cells to 2‐NBDglucose was found to be high at low extracellular glucose concentrations, and weak at high concentrations. An additional, underlying pattern in the cells' affinity to glucose was detected, illustrated by the recurrent appearance of two subpopulations showing distinctly differing quantities of this substrate.

Conclusions

A multiparameter flow cytometry approach is presented that enables, for the first time, for analysis of the affinity of individual S. cerevisiae cells to glucose. Besides the adjustment of the yeast cell metabolism to extracellular glucose concentrations by altering their affinity to glucose, at least one further mechanism is clearly involved. Two subpopulations of cells were resolved, with different affinities not correlated with other cellular parameters measured. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coexpression of p53 protein and MDR functional phenotype in leukemias: The predominant association in chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Cavalcanti Geraldo Barroso , Vasconcelos Flavia da Cunha , de Faria Giselle Pinto , Scheiner Marcos Antônio Maurício , Dobbin Jane de Almeida , Klumb Claudete Esteves , Maia Raquel C.
Published: August 2004

Background

One of the best characterized resistance mechanisms of leukemias is multidrug resistance (MDR) mediated by P‐glycoprotein (Pgp) and multidrug‐resistant related protein (MRP). In addition to Pgp and MRP, p53 mutation or inactivation might play a relevant role in therapeutic failure. Some studies have demonstrated that Pgp and MRP may be activated in association with overexpression of mutant or inactivated p53 protein. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between p53 expression and MDR functional phenotype analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM).

Methods

Rhodamine‐123 assay analyzed by FCM was used to detect the MDR phenotype that was positive in 18 out of 41 (43.9%) cases of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), 16 out of 28 (57.1%) chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) cases, 11 out of 28 (39.3%) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases, and four out of 22 (18.2%) acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) cases.

Results

Variable levels of p53 expression were observed in leukemic cells: 12 out of 41 (29.2%) in CML, nine out of 28 (32.1%) in CLL, 15 out of 28 (53.6%) in AML, and eight out of 22 (36.4%) in ALL samples.

Conclusions

In our study, no significant association between p53 expression and MDR functional phenotype was observed in ALL, CLL, and AML. On the other hand, a significant association (P = 0.0003) of the coexpression was observed in CML. The p53 overexpression was more frequently seen in the accelerated phase and the blastic phase of this disease. Our results suggest that an MDR functional phenotype could be associated with p53 mutation in the advanced stage of leukemias. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiplex bead array assays for detection of soluble cytokines: Comparisons of sensitivity and quantitative values among kits from multiple manufacturers
Authors: Khan Sameena S. , Smith Meghan S. , Reda Debra , Suffredini Anthony F. , McCoy J. Philip
Published: August 2004

Background

Multiplex bead array assays permit simultaneous cytometric quantitation of multiple cytokines in solution by capturing these to spectrally distinct beads. Because several manufacturers offer reagents to quantitate the same cytokines on a single instrument, a comparison should be made to determine whether these kits yield similar data and whether these data are comparable to enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Methods

This study compared cytokine detection kits by using Luminex 100. Twenty‐six serum samples from seven subjects were analyzed for interferon‐γ, interleukins 1β, 6, and 8, and tumor necrosis factor‐α by using multiplex kits from LINCO Research, Bio‐Rad Laboratories, R&D Systems, and BioSource International. Each assay was performed according to the manufacturers' specifications. Standard curves were generated by using reference concentrations supplied by each manufacturer. ELISAs for interleukin‐8 were performed by using kits from R&D and BioSource.

Results

Cytokine levels followed similar patterns, although absolute concentrations differed among kits. ELISA and Luminex values for interleukin‐8 were similar in kits from the same manufacturer.

Conclusions

Because relative cytokine measurements are often valuable when performed serially, it may be possible to make interlaboratory comparisons by using different kits. When comparison of absolute values is crucial, kits from the same supplier should be used. Within‐vendor, bead array, and ELISA values appear comparable. Published 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Organization and function of microfilaments during late epiboly in zebrafish embryos
Authors: Cheng Jackie C. , Miller Andrew L. , Webb Sarah E.
Published: August 2004

We report that, during epiboly in zebrafish, three F‐actin–based structures appear only after the blastoderm migrates past the embryonic equator. They are composed of two ring‐like F‐actin structures that form at the deep cell and enveloping layer margins of the blastoderm and a punctate actin band that develops in the external yolk syncytial layer. Treatment with cytochalasin B or the calcium chelator dibromo‐BAPTA results in the disruption of all three of these actin‐based structures, leading to the slowing or immediate arrest of epiboly, respectively, followed by a failure of yolk cell occlusion and the eventual lysis of the embryo through the vegetal pole region. We suggest, therefore, that these structures function in the occlusion of the vegetal portion of the yolk cell during the latter stages of epiboly. Possible roles for these new structures, their modulation by Ca2+, as well as the functions of other previously described F‐actin–based structures observed throughout epiboly, are discussed. Developmental Dynamics 231:313–323, 2004.© 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
d‐ or f‐Mononuclear and Related Heterodinuclear Complexes With [1+1] Asymmetric Compartmental Macrocycles
Authors: Caneschi Andrea , Sorace Lorenzo , Casellato Umberto , Tomasin Patrizia , Vigato Pietro Alessandro
Published: August 2004

d‐ or f‐mononuclear and d,f‐heterodinuclear complexes with the [1+1] asymmetric compartmental macrocycles H2LA, H2LB, H2LC or H2LD, derived from the condensation of 1,2‐diaminoethane or 1,3‐diaminopropane with 3,3′‐(3‐oxapentane‐1,5‐diyldioxy)bis(2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde) or 3,3′‐(3,6dioxaoctane‐1,8‐diyldioxy)bis(2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde), have been synthesized and characterized, including by single‐crystal X‐ray structural determinations. The influence of coordinating size and the number of donor atoms of the two adjacent chambers on the preparation of stable d,f‐heterodinuclear complexes has also been tested. The X‐ray structure of the isostructural complexes [MLn(L)(Cl)3(CH3OH)] (MLn = LaCu, LaZn, TbCu) shows the metal(II) ion residing in the N2O2 site in a square‐pyramidal coordination, the fifth apical position being filled by a chloride ion, while each lanthanide(III) ion is located in the O2O4 site and reaches nona‐coordination by linking six oxygen atoms of the macrocyclic ligand, two chloride ions and the oxygen atom of a methanol molecule. Magnetic susceptibility data, complemented by EPR spectroscopy, of the heterodinuclear complexes, studied over the range 2−300 K, show a ferromagnetic coupling for the CuGd complex, whereas, when comparing CeCu and TbCu derivatives with the corresponding Zn derivatives, no appreciable interaction could be detected for the former and a ferromagnetic interaction seems to dominate in the latter. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Two Copper(II) Complexes Built from a Novel Redox‐Active Bipyridinium Dimer Ligand and Oxalate Anions: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Sun Yan‐Qiong , Zhang Jie , Chen Jing‐Lin , Yang Guo‐Yu
Published: August 2004

The synthesis of a novel V‐shaped redox‐active bipyridinium dimer ligand, 2,6‐bis(4′‐pyridyl‐1′‐pyridiniumyl)pyrazine (Bpypr) dichloride and its copper complexes, (H2Bpypr)[Cu2(C2O4)4] (1) and {[(Bpypr)Cu2(C2O4)3(H2O)2]·5H2O}n (2), are described. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies confirm that complex 1 contains one V‐shaped H2Bpypr cation and two essentially planar [Cu(C2O4)2]2− anions, which participate in two hydrogen bonds through the two N−H moieties. Complex 2 has a 1D zigzag chain structure composed of [Cu2(C2O4)3]2− units bridged by V‐shaped Bpypr cations. The magnetic study revealed the occurrence of a weak ferromagnetic interaction within the dinuclear copper unit of complex 2. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Adducts of Aluminum and Gallium Trichloride with a N‐Heterocyclic Carbene and an Adduct of Aluminum Trichloride with a Thione
Authors: Stasch Andreas , Singh Sanjay , Roesky Herbert W. , Noltemeyer Mathias , Schmidt Hans‐Georg
Published: August 2004

The reactions of AlCl3 and GaCl3 with 1,3,4,5‐tetramethylimidazole‐2‐ylidene in toluene at room temperature affords the 1:1 adducts 5 and 6, respectively. The use of a bulky N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) in toluene/THF and AlCl3 results in the formation of an imidazolium salt 7 with the tetrachloroaluminate anion. A 1:1 adduct 8 of 1,3,4,5‐tetramethylimidazole‐2(3H)‐thione with AlCl3 is obtained in toluene. The crystal structures of 5·0.5C7H8, 7·THF and 8 were determined. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
18‐Crown‐6 and Titanium Tetrafluoride − Preparation of the TiIV Fluoride Crown Ether Complexes (TiF4)2(18‐Crown‐6) and the Stabilization of cis‐TiF4(H2O)2 in [{cis‐TiF4(H2O)2}2(18‐Crown‐6)]
Authors: Cameron T. Stanley , Decken Andreas , Ilyin Evgeny G. , Nikiforov Grigori B. , Passmore Jack
Published: August 2004

Reaction of TiF4 and 18‐crown‐6 in MeCN affords the molecular complex [(cis‐TiF4)2(18‐crown‐6)] (1) only. Water and THF displace the 18‐crown‐6 in the tetrafluoro complex 1, with the formation of cis‐TiF4L2. The complex cis‐TiF4(H2O)2 and 18‐crown‐6 form [{cis‐TiF4(H2O)2}2(18‐crown‐6)] (2), in which cis‐TiF4(H2O)2 and 18‐crown‐6 are connected by hydrogen bonding through the protons of coordinated H2O in TiF4(H2O)2 and the oxygen atoms of the crown ether. Complexes 1 and 2 were characterized by X‐ray single crystal analysis, elemental analysis, IR, NMR and Mass spectroscopy. The relative basicities of the 18‐crown‐6 and the molecular donor ligands MeCN, THF, H2O toward TiIV fluoride were established by NMR spectroscopic investigations of the substitution reactions. 18‐crown‐6 is slightly more basic than MeCN, similar to that of Et2O, and less basic than THF and H2O. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Cover Picture: Plasma‐Enhanced CVD Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Ta2N3 (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 16/2004)
Authors: Ganin Alexei Yu. , Kienle Lorenz , Vajenine Grigori V.
Published: August 2004

The cover picture shows symbolically the activation of an N2 molecule by igniting a plasma discharge in nitrogen gas. The crystal structure of a new tantalum nitride obtained by the plasma‐enhanced CVD method is seen in the background. Details are discussed in the article by G. V. Vajenine et al. on p. 3233 ff. We thank the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for support through a Sofia Kovalevskaja Research Award.
Use of Bile Acids in Pharmacological and Supramolecular Applications
Authors: Virtanen Elina , Kolehmainen Erkki
Published: August 2004

Bile acid‐based structures have become increasingly important in different fields of chemistry over recent years, having found applications in pharmacology, supramolecular chemistry and nanoscience. Some interesting studies concerning these applications are reviewed, together with the latest developments in synthetic and analytical methods for bile acid‐derived frameworks. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Polymer‐Bound Diphenylphosphane Hydrobromide, a Mild Acid for the Activation of Enol Ethers: Applications in Polymer‐Assisted Glycosidations
Authors: Jaunzems Janis , Kashin Dmitri , Schönberger Andreas , Kirschning Andreas
Published: August 2004

Polymer‐bound diphenylphosphane hydrobromide 2 shows excellent properties in the activation of enol ethers and glycals, the introduction and cleavage of THP ethers being promoted with excellent yields with this functionalized polymer. Glycosidations of glycals work equally well, with suppression of the formation of undesired Ferrier rearranged products. The reagent is sufficiently mild to leave labile 2‐deoxy glycosidic bonds and acid‐labile protecting groups intact. It can be employed to transfer disaccharide glycosyl donors onto aglycons and is also selective for the promotion of two glycosidations in one pot. Highly hindered glycosyl donor groups such as the hydroxy group at C‐13 of the baccatin III framework can be glycosylated with glycals in the presence of this polymer‐bound reagent. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Synthesis of Novel 5α,9α‐Bridged Steroids by a Boron Trifluoride−Diethyl Ether Induced Rearrangement
Authors: Bondarenko Lidija , Lorenc Ljubinka , Bläser Dieter , Boese Roland
Published: August 2004

A stereoselective and synthetically useful rearrangement reaction of 5α,8α‐bridged 9,11α‐epoxy steroids induced by boron trifluoride−diethyl ether is presented, in the preparation of a new class of 5α,9α‐bridged 11α‐hydroxy steroid derivatives in high yields. Lactones were prepared from several of the rearranged 11α‐hydroxy compounds. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)