bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organoleptic Test Formulation of Gel Hand Sanitizer Extract Citronella (Cymbopogon nardus)
Authors: Qodri Udrika Lailatul , Lutfiah La’iqotul
Published: November 2021

Hand sanitizer preparation circulating in the market generally contain alcohol with various concentrations. Continous use of hand sanitizers that contain alcohol will irritate the skin. So that hand sanitizer is needed by using natural ingredients as active ingredients. One of the natural ingredients that can be used is Citronella (Cymbopogon nardus). The purpose of this study was to determine the results of the organoletic test for hand sanitizer gel formulations of citronella (Cymbopogon nardus). This organoleptic test consists of observing odor, color, measuring pH, homogeneity and viscosity. Citronella extract was obtained by distillation method. The results of the organoleptic test in this study were the preparation with a distinctive smell of citronella (Cymbopogon nardus), colorless, and homogeneous hand sanitizer gel preparation was obtained. The pH value of 5 indicates that the hand sanitizer gel preparation is safe touse, because it is still included in the skin’s pH range of 4,5-6,5. Measurement of viscosity using a viscometer tester, the value of viscosity is 100 dPas.

ABSTRAK

 

Sediaan hand sanitizer yang beredar dipasaran umumnya mengandung alkohol dengan berbagai konsentrasi. Penggunaan hand sanitizer yang mengandung alkohol secara terus menerus akan menimbulkan iritasi pada kulit. Sehingga dibutuhkan  hand sanitizer dengan menggunkan bahan alami sebagai bahan aktif. Salah satu bahan alami yang dapat digunakan adalah sereh wangi (Cymbopogon nardus). Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui hasil Uji organoleptis formulasi sediaan gel hand sanitizer ekstrak sereh wangi (Cymbopogon nardus). Uji organoleptis ini berupa pengamatan bau, warna, pengukuran pH, homogenitas dan viskositas. Ekstrak sereh wangi diperoleh dengan metode destilasi. Hasil uji organoleptis pada penelitian ini yaitu sediaan berbau khas sereh wangi (Cymbopogon nardus), tidak berwarna, dan diperoleh sediaan gel hand sanitizer yang homogen. Nilai pH 5 yang menunjukkan bahwa sediaan gel hand sanitizer aman digunakan, karena masih termasuk dalam pH kulit yang berkisar 4,5-6,5. Pengukuran viskositas menggunakan alat viscometer tester, nilai viskositas atau kekentalan yang diperoleh yaitu sebesar 100 dPas.
Pendidikan dan Ekonomi Orang Tua terhadap Kemampuan Literasi Anak Usia Dini di Masa Pandemi
Authors: Baiti Noor , Zain Anwar , Hasanah Ikhwatun
Published: November 2021

Children's literacy skills are related to language skills in writing and reading. During pandemic times parents are required to meet facilities and guide children at home. The education and economics of parents play a role in this situation. The purpose of this study is to find out the educational and economic influence of parents on children's literacy skills. This research used quantitative research. This research used a questionnaire instrument, observation, and interviews in data collection. The results of this study indicate: (1) the influence of parental education on the literacy ability of early childhood, (2) the influence of the economy of parents on the literacy ability of early childhood, and (3) the influence of parents' education and economy on early childhood literacy skills.
Introduction
Authors: Lenart Mirosław , Marchel Sławomir , Smołucha Janusz
Published: November 2021

The graphic design of this issue of The Ignatianum Philosophical Year- book front cover includes the entrance gate to the Wawel Royal Castle in Krakow. The gate itself is transformed into a triumphal arch opening towards the road recognizable to every person who feels a bond with the cultural heritage of the Western world. This road is the via Appia, once built by the will of Appius Claudius Caecus, and considered one of the oldest Roman tracts. Called “the queen of all roads” by the Romans them- selves, it is inseparable from the Eternal City for everyone raised on the values of Western civilization. Mikołaj Sęp-Szarzyński wrote about it in his famous epitaph: “today in Rome defeated, Rome invincible,” express- ing this way the overwhelming awareness of connecting the past with what we experience as the present. It was on this road that the legendary scene recalled by Henryk Sienkiewicz took place, in which the question: quo vadis, Domine? is asked by the apostle Peter, fleeing from the Eternal City, to Christ he meets on the Appian Way. The power of this question is understood by anyone who is able to see in the roots of Classical and Christian culture all that is the most important for the Western culture not only in terms of its past, but also in terms of its future.
Rycerz i mieszczanin – etosy konkurencyjne czy komplementarne? Przypadek Polski
Authors: Cichobłaziński Leszek
Published: November 2021

Przedmiotem niniejszego opracowania są rozważania dotyczące roli, jaką odegrały w przemianach społeczeństwa polskiego dwa etosy: etos rycerski i etos mieszczański. Główne pytanie badawcze brzmi: czy etosy te są konkurencyjne względem siebie, czy komplementarne? Czy etos rycerski musi zniknąć ze świadomości społecznej, aby mógł pojawić się na jego miejsce etos mieszczański, czy też są to systemy wartości, które mogą się uzupełniać? W literaturze przedmiotu, a także na gruncie wiedzy potocznej, spotyka się bowiem często tezę (słabiej lub mocniej artykułowaną), że można być albo romantykiem, albo pragmatykiem, a połączenie tych dwóch postaw, tak w sferze ideowej, jak i w działaniu, jest niemożliwe. To z tego powodu podejście romantyczne, wywodzące się z etosu rycerskiego, jest obecnie często analizowane w ramach tzw. teorii krytycznej. Innymi słowy – poddawane jest dekonstrukcji, aby stworzyć miejsce dla funkcjonowania paradygmatu odwołującego się do utylitaryzmu i konstruktywizmu. Teza postawiona w omawianym artykule brzmi następująco: paradygmat romantyczno-rycerski, mimo wielu różnic, nie jest przeciwstawny paradygmatowi mieszczańskiemu. Podejścia te służą realizacji tych samych wartości i cnót, lecz w różnych warunkach historycznych i w odmiennych kontekstach społecznych i cywilizacyjnych. W tekście oparto się na analizie etosów zaprezentowanych w literaturze socjologicznej, w tekstach literackich oraz w biografiach wybranych postaci historycznych. W zakończeniu przedstawione zostały wnioski z podjętej analizy. Zdaniem autora, oba etosy mogą odegrać pozytywną rolę w modernizacji Polski i nie wykluczają się one całkowicie, jak to ma miejsce w niektórych podejściach analizujących przemiany społeczne, które zachodziły w Polsce w wieku XIX i XX. Wniosek ten jest aktualny także w czasach zmian, przed którymi stoi Polska obecnie.
Jan Paweł II i Polska w wybranych przemówieniach prezydentów Stanów Zjednoczonych Ameryki: George’a Walkera Busha i Donalda Johna Trumpa
Authors: Sławiński Henryk
Published: November 2021

Celem artykułu jest prezentacja percepcji osoby papieża Jana Pawła II i Polski z perspektywy prezydentów Stanów Zjednoczonych Ameryki. Jest ona tym bardziej interesująca, że owi prezydenci, przemawiający publicznie podczas różnych okazji, nie byli katolikami. Podstawowym źródłem artykułu są dwa oficjalne przemówienia prezydentów George’a W. Busha i Donalda J. Trumpa, pochodzące z archiwum prezydentów Stanów Zjednoczonych w Waszyngtonie. Przemówienia zostały dobrane ze względu na tematykę dotyczącą narodu polskiego i jego najwybitniejszego przedstawiciela w tysiącletniej historii – Jana Pawła II. Okazją do przemówienia G.W. Busha było poświęcenie Centrum Kulturalnego im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Waszyngtonie (22 marca 2001), natomiast przemówienie D. Trumpa zostało wygłoszone przed Pomnikiem Powstania Warszawskiego, na Placu Krasińskich w Warszawie (8 lipca 2017), przy okazji wizyty w Polsce. Na literaturę przedmiotu składają się publikacje służące charakterystyce sylwetek wybranych prezydentów Stanów Zjednoczonych, a także publikacje z zakresu retoryki. Podstawową metodą badawczą była analiza jakościowa wybranych tekstów źródłowych. W celu lepszego ich zrozumienia, najpierw w zwięzły sposób zaprezentowane zostały wybrane elementy biografii autorów przemówień. W dalszej kolejności przeanalizowane zostały okoliczności, w jakich zostały wygłoszone wybrane mowy. Zastosowana metoda pozwoliła wydobyć charakterystyki papieża z Polski oraz narodu polskiego dokonane z perspektywy prezydentów Stanów Zjednoczonych. W percepcji G.W. Busha papież z Polski jest jedną z najciekawszych postaci w historii ludzkości. Do najbardziej znaczących epizodów pontyfikatu zaliczone zostały: pielgrzymka do Ojczyzny w 1979 roku, wizyta w Manili na Filipinach w 1995 roku, bezprecedensowa wizyta w synagodze i kraju muzułmańskim, przebaczenie okazane niedoszłemu zamachowcowi – Alemu Ağcy, oraz wizyty w Stanach Zjednoczonych, podczas których papież z Polski przypominał o godności człowieka i cnotach sprawiedliwego społeczeństwa. Z kolei w percepcji D. Trumpa na szczególne wyróżnienie zasłużył duch polskiego narodu, który znalazł wyraz w niezłomnej walce o zachowanie tożsamości kulturowej, pomimo utraty Ojczyzny i doświadczenia eksterminacji ze strony niemieckich nazistów i sowieckich komunistów. Ponadto na przykładzie przeobrażeń w Polsce i Europie, zapoczątkowanych pielgrzymką Jana Pawła II do Ojczyzny w 1979 roku, uwypuklony został wpływ wiary w Boga na przemiany polityczne i społeczne w świecie oraz na przetrwanie cywilizacji zachodniej opartej na wierze w Boga i na zachowaniu rodziny i wolności.
Demographic Dividend in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): A Far-Fetched Dream?
Authors: Onyekwere Sixtus Cyprian
Published: November 2021

This research was set out to assess whether ‘demographic dividend’ is a far-fetched dream for most countries in Sub Saharan Africa. To achieve this aim, the research draws from a wide range of secondary sources, including data from publications as well as past research and evidence gathered from this study shows that the Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) region is still at the early stage of demographic transition thereby lagging when compared to other regions. The research concluded by aligning with the position that achieving demographic dividend may be a far-fetch dream for most countries in the Sub Saharan African region. Some policy recommendations were made with key emphasis on education, dulling out of modern and safe contraception, bridging the gap of gender inequality and investing in social amenities.
Analysis of Sectoral Profitability of the Indian Stock Market Using an LSTM Regression Model
Authors: Sen Jaydip , Mondal Saikat , Mehtab Sidra
Published: November 2021

Predictive model design for accurately predicting future stock prices has always been considered an interesting and challenging research problem. The task becomes complex due to the volatile and stochastic nature of the stock prices in the real world which is affected by numerous controllable and uncontrollable variables. This paper presents an optimized predictive model built on long-and-short-term memory (LSTM) architecture for automatically extracting past stock prices from the web over a specified time interval and predicting their future prices for a specified forecast horizon, and forecasts the future stock prices. The model is deployed for making buy and sell transactions based on its predicted results for 70 important stocks from seven different sectors listed in the National Stock Exchange (NSE) of India. The profitability of each sector is derived based on the total profit yielded by the stocks in that sector over a period from Jan 1, 2010 to Aug 26, 2021. The sectors are compared based on their profitability values. The prediction accuracy of the model is also evaluated for each sector. The results indicate that the model is highly accurate in predicting future stock prices.
PHIL implementation of a decentralized online OPF for active distribution grids
Authors: Cornejo Martin , Mohapatra Anurag , Candas Soner , Peric Vedran S.
Published: November 2021

This paper demonstrates a Power Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHIL) implementation of a decentralized optimal power flow (D-OPF) algorithm embedded into the operations of two microgrids connected by a tie line. To integrate the static behavior of the optimization model, a two layer control architecture is introduced. Underneath the dispatch commands from the D-OPF, a primary control scheme provides instantaneous reaction to the load dynamics. This setup is tested in the PHIL environment of the CoSES Lab in TU Munich. In the experiment, the two microgrids cooperatively optimize their operation through an ADMM based unbalanced D-OPF. The operations is then benchmarked against the exclusive use of primary control, without D-OPF. The decentralized approach outperforms, but also shows minor inefficiencies of integrating optimization methods into the real-time operation of the system.
L’immagine di Magellano nei primi racconti della circumnavigazione del globo
Authors: Perocco Daria
Published: November 2021

The journey of the Portuguese Magellan, one of the greatest adventures attempted by a man in the sixteenth century, had an inauspicious end for its deviser (Magellan died in Mactan on April 27, 1522). But even more inauspicious was the narration of his adventure because the only ship of the initial expedition, which returned home, was led by a Spaniard against him. The text retraces the first testimonies of the voyage, especially taking into consideration the press of the navigations and voyages that that adventure spread throughout the world.
«Non deponeva mai dalle mani un librettino, ed il vocabulario della lingua cocincinese»: l’inedita relazione di viaggio di Domenico Fuciti (1623-1696) in terra vietnamita
Authors: Russo Mariagrazia
Published: November 2021

In addition to tracing the main aspects and the most salient events in the life of the Neapolitan Jesuit Domenico Fuciti (1623-1696), attention will be paid to the religious and socio-cultural issues that emerge from a critical reading of the unpublished Relazione della Missione, preserved in the Archivum Romanum Societatis Iesu (ARSI) of which the second chapter (central chapter) is published here. The historical coordinates regarding Fuciti’s missionary activity and his hostility towards the Society for Foreign Missions of Paris, whose members were sent to the Indochinese peninsula by the Sacra Congregatio de Propaganda Fide, are also taken into consideration.
Migrazione alla ricerca di un’identità in La stagione della migrazione al nord di al-Ṭayyib Ṣāliḥ
Authors: La Spisa Paolo
Published: November 2021

The novel by Al-Ṭayib Ṣāliḥ The Season of Migration to the North is a classic of the post-modern Arabic literature. The critical literature of the last century has privileged the post-colonial interpretation. One of the aims of this essay is to reveal the inner reality of the main characters, who are not seen from an external point of view, but within a closer relationship with the reader.
Dai primi trattati portoghesi di astronomia alla «Nube di Magellano» di Haroldo de Campos
Authors: Graziani Michela
Published: November 2021

Starting with the first astronomical treatises of the 16th century, this work focuses on the metaliterary concept of travel and on the attraction that astronomy, specifically the Magellanic clouds, produce in the Portuguese treaties of the modern age and in the Portuguese and Brazilian literature of the 20th century.
El viento de la luna di Antonio Muñoz Molina: spazio terrestre e spazio lunare a confronto
Authors: Fiordaliso Giovanna
Published: November 2021

Published in 2006, El viento de la luna is one of Muñoz Molina’s latest novels. Set in Mágina, a little town in the Andalusian province, in 1969, it’s the story of a boy of thirteen year old fascinated by the events of Apollo XI and its landing on the moon. His observation of the earth and the moon expresses an image of the reality made by a strange mixture of the present and the past, during the last years of Franco’s dictatorship. The inverted point of view proposed along the novel through the eyes of the boy opens a new and courageous way of seeing and perceiving events: with such a perspective, the moon looks at the earth and allows the consciousness of a new meaning and a new dimension about life.
Sorption of cationic dyes from aqueous solutions by moss Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus: Kinetics and equilibrium studies
Authors: Remenárová Lucia , Pipíška Martin , Horník Miroslav , Augustín Jozef
Published: November 2021

With the aim to investigate sorption properties of natural sorbent prepared from moss Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus we elucidated biosorption of cationic dyes Malachite green (BG4), Auramine O (BY2) and Thioflavine T (BY1) from aqueous solutions. The removal of dyes by moss biosorbent was found to be rapid at an initial stage and the equilibrium was reached within 1-2 hours. The pseudo-n-order kinetic model was successfully applied to the kinetic data and the order of adsorption reaction was calculated in the range from 1.7 to 2.6. The value of rate constant kn' ranged from 0.001 to 0.039 [min-1]/[μmol/g]1-n. The equilibrium data were fitted to the adsorption isotherms. The Freundlich isotherm was found to represent the measured sorption data of BG4, BY1 and BY2 well. The maximum sorption capacities of moss biomass from single dye solutions calculated by Langmuir equation were 354 μmol/g for BG4, 310 μmol/g for BY1 and 382 μmol/g for BY2. These results showed that the prepared biomass presents low-cost, natural and easy available sorbent which may be potentially used for removal of dyes from environment and also may be an alternative to more costly materials such as activated carbon.
Multiplex PCR method for detection of variability in genes encoding the alpha proteins of Streptococcus agalactiae
Authors: Vidová Barbora , Chotár Michal , Timko Jozef , Godány Andrej
Published: November 2021

The majority of Streptococcus agalactiae strains express one or more surface-anchored proteins that vary by strain. These proteins, which are characteristic for S. agalactiae, and are able to induce protective antibodies, include the alpha C, Rib proteins, alpha-like protein 2, and alpha-like protein 3. In this study was developed multiplex PCR method for detection of genes encoding these proteins, and its occurrence within a various S. agalactiae isolates of bovine origin. Also are reported two new genes from bovine isolates of S. agalactiae amplified by PCR, encoding other putative members of the family, alphalike protein 6, and alpha-like protein 7. They contain an overall genetic organization highly similar to that of the alpha C and Rib proteins.
Chemometric characterization and classification of new wheat genotypes
Authors: Kraic Filip , Mocák Ján , Roháčik Tibor , Sokolovičová Jana
Published: November 2021

The final goal of this work is development of new genotypes of wheat with better properties compared to the standard set. Prediction of optimal descriptors and properties related to the production characteristics is performed using several statistical and chemometrical tools, like correlation analysis, principal component analysis, cluster analysis and linear discriminant analysis. Optimisation of wheat genotypes is directed towards high food quality.
Mechanical and thermal characterization of tungsten particulate reinforced epoxy polymer composites
Authors:   Faculty*, Department of Mechanical Engineering, PG Scholar, Production & Industrial Engineering, SCMS School of Engineering and Technology, Ernakulam, Kerala, Joseph. E Jenson , A.K Kiran ,   Faculty, Production Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India., K Panneerselvam ,   Faculty, Production Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
Published: November 2021

Polymer matrix composites find a wide range of industrial applications due to its unique properties like lightweight, improved strength and the properties could also be tailored to suit specific applications. In this present work, a new class of polymer matrix composites with epoxy resin as matrix and tungsten metal particles as fillers were developed. The influence of the addition of tungsten fillers on mechanical and thermal properties of the composites has been investigated. The composites are fabricated by hand lay-up method and the specimens containing tungsten particle content by 1%, 3%, 5%, 7% and 9% by weight were developed. The developed specimens were subjected to mechanical and thermal investigations. Mechanical behavior was analyzed by conducting a flexural test and hardness as per ASTM standards. Thermal behavior was analyzed by conducting Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) of the developed composites. The results show that the addition of 7 wt. % filler has a higher value of flexural strength and hardness. Further addition of particulate fillers deteriorates the flexural strength and hardness due to agglomeration of filler content in the epoxy. Analysis by TGA and DSC shows that the thermal stability of composites is improved by increasing the addition of tungsten content in the epox.
The risk assessment of a crude oil pipeline using fuzzy and bayesian based bow-tie analysis
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Tamilnadu, India., T Jishin Jayan , K Muthukumar ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Tamilnadu, India., V.R. Renjith ,   Division of Safety and Fire Engineering, School of Engineering, Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT), Kochi, Kerala, India., George Priscilla ,   Division of Safety and Fire Engineering, School of Engineering, Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT), Kochi, Kerala, India.
Published: November 2021

Cross country pipelines are one of the major modes of transportation of petroleum products. Due to external and internal factors, the failure probability of pipeline is increasing over the past decades. The failure of pipelines can cause fires, which can result in environmental damage, loss of materials and further resulting into casualties. Effective risk assessment is vital to prevent and mitigate such potential incidents. In this work, an efficient tool that makes use of Bayesian approach along with Bow-tie analysis is used to obtain the failure frequencies of all the identified causes that may lead to failure of the selected pipeline located in Kerala, India. Bayesian networks can perform effective dynamic risk analysis by considering the conditional dependencies between various basic events leading to pipeline failure. The fuzzy logic and expert elicitation method are incorporated to determine the prior failure frequencies of all the identified causes of pipeline failure. The effectiveness of Bayesian network in performing forward analysis to determine the probabilities of pipeline failure consequences is demonstrated. This study also identifies the weak links associated with the occurrence of particular consequences, so that adequate measures can be taken to rectify them.
Experimental Investigation on Bead Geometry Parameter and Mechanical Property of Part Fabricated by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode, Tamilnadu, India., Eswaran Soundrapanidan , Panneerselvam Vivekkumar ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode, Tamilnadu, India.
Published: November 2021

In additive manufacturing process, wire arc additive manufacturing process (WAAM) is a technique which can produce a metal 3D printed part. In Industries product are produced by wasting one third of its material, from this process time consumption and material wastage is more comparing in Subtractive Manufacturing over Additive Manufacturing. Additive Manufacturing stepped from 1925 in manufacturing industry and it has gained its remarkable growth in past few decades, as of now metal 3D oriented parts have come to play a major role in aerospace industry. This research work focused on Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) welding. It has high deposition rate, ultimate build volume and good structural integrity compare with other additive manufacturing process. MACH3 controller is used to control the welding torch motion for addition of material by 3 axis movement (X, Y and Z). To identify the correct parameters for metal part we have done numbers of samples by changing values in the MIG machine from that we finalize the three parameters through visualizes on the printed materials after that a wall like structure is built and post processing like cutting the materials from base plate, grinding the uneven surface on printed materials. The printed materials are ready for material testing like bead geometry analysis of various parameter and tensile testing to identify the printed material strength, elongation, stress and strain.
SECURITY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND CULTURAL VALUES
Authors: TOMASZYCKI Krzysztof
Published: November 2021

Celem artykułu jest ocena wpływu wartości kulturowych na bezpieczeństwo Unii Europejskiej. Przedstawiono uwarunkowania bezpieczeństwa tego podmiotu oraz dokonano identyfikacji podstawowych zagrożeń dla jej funkcjonowania. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na zjawiska radykalizacji i ekstremizmu jako zagrożeń dla wartości kulturowych. W pracy posłużono się metodami analizy i syntezy dokumentów.
Obstetric implications of maternal chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Lao Terence T.
Published: November 2021

Antenatal screening for hepatitis B surface antigen seropositivity is widely adopted to identify pregnant women with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in order to target their newborn infants for combined passive-active neonatal immunization to prevent the maternal-to-child transmission of HBV. It is less certain whether the presence of chronic HBV infection in these largely asymptomatic women could impact their pregnancy outcome. There is now gathering information in the literature, though sometimes conflicting, on the obstetric implications of chronic HBV infection. The conflicting data is most probably related to confounding factors such as the immunological phase of chronic HBV infection, viral genotype and activity, presence of hepatic inflammation and other co-existing liver disorders such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and coinfection with other virus such as hepatitis C virus and micro-organisms, which are usually not examined, but which could have made significant influence on the occurrence of many of the pregnancy complications and adverse fetal and neonatal outcome. For pregnancy complications, the evidence suggests association with increased gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm birth, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, caesarean delivery, and postpartum haemorrhage, probably increased placental abruption and prelabour rupture of the membranes, and no effect or a reduction in the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, especially preeclampsia. For perinatal outcome, there may be increased miscarriage and fetal malformations, and increase in both low birthweight and large-for-gestational age/macrosomic infants, as well as increased intrauterine fetal demise/stillbirth and fetal distress. However, most studies have not elaborated on the mechanisms or explanations of many of the adverse outcomes. Taken together, maternal chronic HBV infection increases the risk of adverse obstetric outcome overall, but further prospective studies are warranted to elucidate the reasons and mechanisms of, and with a view to mitigate, these adverse obstetric outcomes.
Bentuk Pertunjukan dan Fungsi Musik Ma’dandan dalam Kristen
Authors: Anugerah Yustin Rati , Lestari Wahyu
Published: November 2021

Musik ma’dandan merupakan pertunjukan dalam penyajian ma’dandan. Penyajian ma’dandan terdapat nyanyian yang mengandung makna dalam kekristenan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana bentuk pertunjukan dan fungsi musik ma’dandan dalam Kristen. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang menghasilkan data deskriptif. Hasil penelitian dari bentuk pertunjukan dan fungsi musik ma’dandan dalam Kristen yaitu dilakukan oleh sekelompok kaum wanita, yang dilantunkan dalam bentuk gerakan dan nyanyian, dimana nyanyian tersebut terdiri dari syair yang menggunakan bahasa Toraja dan memiliki fungsi estetika dalam masyarakat Kristen yakni mensyukuri kemurahan Tuhan, lewat berkat-Nya bagi seluru rumpun keluarga, sehingga dipertemukan dalam keadaan baik dan bersukacita bersama masyarakat setempat atas selesainya pembangunan rumah adat Tongkonan Toraja. Masyarakat Toraja khususnya di Lembang Bululangkan sebagai orang Kristen beranggapan bahwa mengucap syukur adalah hal yang sangat penting untuk dilakukan, oleh karena masyarakat Toraja meyakini bahwa segala apa yang dimiliki adalah kepunyaan Tuhan. Jadi, dengan melantunkan nyanyian dan tari-tarian merupakan salah satu hal yang penting dalam mengucap syukur dan berterima kasih kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa.
Silabel Ritmis dalam Pembelajaran Musik
Authors: Putra Agung Dwi , Ferdian Robby , Hidayat Hengki Armez
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan beberapa analisis kritis tentang formulasi ritmis dan karakteristiknya dalam pembelajaran musik. Pembahasan Ritmis dalam pembelajaran musik menjadi sangat penting untuk dipelajari karena berkaitan dengan proses pembelajaran musik pada tahap selanjutnya. Pendekatan Desain Based Research digunakan sebagai landasan awal dalam mengkaji formula ritmis dalam pembelajaran musik. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada mata kuliah Teori Musik pada Prodi Pendidikan Musik, Universitas Negeri Padang. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat beberapa karakteristik dalam jenis-jenis silabel ritmis. Salah satu karakteristik dari ritmis yang sering dijumpai adalah ketika mahasiswa tidak memahami secara menyeluruh tentang nilai atau durasi pada not, maka mahasiswa akan mengalami kendala dalam membaca ritmis dengan tepat. Selanjutnya, mahasiswa akan mengalami kendala dalam menuliskan notasi baik pada notasi balok maupun notasi angka. Seluruh karakteristik tersebut nantinya akan bermuara pada mata kuliah Praktik Instrumen Mayor. Penelitian ini masih pada tataran analisis singkat terkait dengan kendala yang dihadapi pada pembelajaran ritmis, sehingga diharapkan pembahasan tentang ritmis dapat dilakukan pada penelitian selanjutnya.
Latviešu mācībvalodas un mazākumtautību izglītības iestāžu vidusskolēnu latviešu valodas kompetence: salīdzinošais pētījums
Authors:   Liepājas Universitāte, Anspoka Zenta
Published: November 2021

The topicality of the research is related to the State policy of education to strengthen the role of the Latvian language as a national language by enabling the integration of society and intercultural dialogue. The aim of the study is to analyse the level of language competence of Grade 12 students of Latvian language of instruction in comparison with minority schools. The results of the empirical research are obtained from 468 texts written by students with the Latvian language of instruction and minority secondary education institutions in different regions of Latvia. The texts used are systematised in the balanced corpus of modern Latvian language. The research was conducted within the framework of the National Research Programme “Latvian Language” (No VPP-IZM-2018/2-0002). An analysis of essays’ content, sentences, contextual binding of their sets, language style, orthography, and punctuation has been carried out. Data from the study shows no significant difference between the skills of Latvian language of instruction and minority secondary education institutions’ students to form text according to the topic. Approximately 57% of respondents follow the proportions among different parts of the text, the binding of sentences to create the text as a whole, the principle of completion of the text; 29% of respondents use language features exactly according to language style. The most common language errors in the self-created texts of students from both types of schools are punctuation errors, the spelling of short and long vowels and consonants in words, words written together and separately, and the spelling of foreign names. Students from minority secondary schools make simpler sentence syntactic structures and by 9% fewer punctuation errors. Still, they have 32% more errors in spelling words and the use of words in sentences. In the didactic of the Latvian language, we have to think more about learning of language based on discourse, in which the text has a social context at first, only then a linguistic form. We have to develop a sense of language for students, improve a methodology for learning linguistics terminology, cooperation between teachers of all subjects, and the attitude of each teacher to their own language and speech in the learning and teaching process.
Частный железнодорожный транспорт Сибири
Authors:   ФГБОУ ВО «АлтГПУ», Андреева Т. И.
Published: November 2021

В монографии на основе комплекса разнообразных исторических источников исследуется процесс становления и развития частной железнодорожной сети Сибири в контексте общих социально-экономических перемен, происходивших в России в конце ХIХ – начале ХХ в., определены источники финансирования частного железнодорожного строительства Сибири в условиях становления частно-государственного партнёрства, рассмотрен ход строительства, начальный период эксплуатации и планово-проектная деятельность акционерных обществ Алтайской, Ачинско-Минусинской, Кольчугинской и Кулундинской железных дорог по развитию частного железнодорожного строительства в Сибири. Книга предназначена для преподавателей, научных работников, краеведов.
Principles and Developments in Soil Grouting: a Historical Review
Authors: Christodoulou Dimitrios , Lokkas Philotheos , Markou Ioannis , Droudakis Alexandros , Chouliaras Ioannis , Alamanis Nikolaos
Published: November 2021

Grouting includes a range of processes that involve the injection of wet or dry materials into the ground to provide improved engineering properties. Common aims are to increase strength or stiffness or to reduce permeability within the mass of ground treated. The simplest process in concept is the permeation of the pore spaces with a fluid grout which then sets, and provides the desired properties. Jet grouting employs erosion and mixing using high energy jets, to attack a wide-ranging set of soils and applications. This paper, mainly, addresses permeation grouting for the improvement of soils, in terms of strengthening or reduction of permeability, and compensation grouting for the displacement of structures during subsurface exploration. The historical evolution of these two grouting processes is described leading up to present-day practice. Reference is made to grouting materials, methods of injection, equipment, limitations and verification for each type of grouting. The grouts used to make permeation grouting are mainly suspensions and chemical solutions. The suspensions penetrate well into soils with granulometry up to coarse sand. On the contrary, the chemical solutions penetrate satisfactorily in finer formations up to fine sands or coarse sludges. Because some chemical solutions are toxic or generally harmful to the environment and humans, an effort has been made internationally in recent years to replace them with inorganic fine-grained suspensions.
Reliability Analysis of Hydrodynamic System for Robot Configuration
Authors: Liu Hui
Published: November 2021

The failure tree and J-M model method are lack of analysis of the importance of each component model, which leads to the low reliability of the analysis results. In view of this problem, a Monte Carlo method based on the shape of the English long-distance robot is proposed. In view of the configuration of the robot, the realization process of the robot shape fluid dynamics system is analyzed. The frequency of accident is determined by Monte Carlo simulation, which is used as the reliability index of the system. In MATLAB, the reliability of the shape fluid dynamic system of robot is analyzed by Monte Carlo method. The system importance name and parameters are determined. The parameter conforms to the statistical function of random variables of each corresponding probability distribution function. According to the parameters, the function of the structure is established. The system is divided into reliable state, failure state and limit state with 0 as the dividing point, and the actual failure probability of the system is calculated. The numerical solution of log domain is simulated by the method of statistical calculation of random variables, and the actual failure probability is expressed by normal distribution function. The experimental results show that the actual failure probability of the method is lower than 5% under any working load, and the reliability of the analysis results is high.
Estimation of the Ambit of Breast Cancer with a Modified Resnet Analysis Using Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Narayanappa C. K. , Poornima G. R., , Hiremath Basavaraj V.
Published: November 2021

Breast Cancer has been one of the most common reasons for mortality and morbidity among the females around the world especially in developing countries. In this regard, Mammography is a popular screening technique for breast cancer diagnosis so as to label the existence of cancerous cells. The present work encompasses the design and development of a M-ResNet (Modified ResNet) approach so as to classify the breast cancer into benign and malignant conditions with the inclusions for supervised classification models with the training of both upper as well as the lower layers of the designed networks. The efficacy of the developed approach was evaluated using various performance evaluators such as those of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and F1-Score. Bi-Rads score was used as a basis for the classification process wherein a score of 0-3 correlated to benign and it is non-cancerous nature of tissues whereas malignancy was denoted by a score of 4 and above. InBreast dataset, a publicly available online dataset with 112 breast images were used for the evaluation of the developed paradigm. The present paradigm portrayed an accuracy of 96.43% with Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 95.63%.
What Australian students say about transition to secondary school. Final report
Authors: Sniedze-Gregory Shani , Felgate Rachel , O'Grady Elizabeth , Buckley Sarah , Lietz Petra
Published: November 2021

Life Education Australia's Being Healthy Being Active project involved the collection of student voice related to the concept of school transition and the move from primary to secondary school. Students from around Australia participated in 82 focus groups, or student forums, to discuss their own positive experiences, as well as perceived needs and challenges related to their move to secondary school. Section One of this report is a literature review and environmental scan on student transition from primary to secondary school. Section Two describes the methods used to design and administer the Student Forums. This includes a description of the target population and sampling methods as well as the details of the achieved sample: 82 forums with 444 students across 15 schools. Section Three outlines the findings of the Student Forums. Section Four offers conclusions and recommendations to inform the next stage of the project, designing a suite of resources and training for teachers aimed at assisting students with the transition from primary to secondary school.
INDIVIDUAL PREVENTION OF ESCAPES FROM SETTLEMENT COLONIES
Authors: Рудаев Василий Алексеевич
Published: November 2021

В статье анализируются правовые и организационные аспекты профилактики побегов из колоний-поселений. Автор акцентирует внимание на недостатках и трудностях в обеспечении контроля и надзора за осужденными-поселенцами. Это связано с тем, что нормы пенитенциарного законодательства наделяют осужденных значительным объемом льгот в период отбывания наказания в колониях-поселениях. Отсутствие вооруженной охраны, наличный оборот денежных средств, свобода передвижения по территории колонии, использование труда осужденных на отдельных объектах в пределах субъекта Российской Федерации по месту дислокации учреждения обуславливают невозможность обеспечения должного надзора. В указанных условиях традиционные формы надзора и контроля мало результативны. Автор аргументирует эффективность использования инновационных технических средств контроля и надзора за осужденными, содержащимися в колониях-поселениях, для профилактики побегов. Однако данный вид контроля невозможно осуществлять без внесения изменений в законодательство. На основании изучения нормативной базы, регламентирующей индивидуальную профилактику правонарушений в пенитенциарных учреждениях, а также рекомендаций практических работников, автор делает вывод, что действующие нормы не отвечает современным реалиям. Автор обосновывает расширение круга подучетных лиц, с одновременным увеличением юридического значения профилактического учета посредством закрепления возможности использования технических средств контроля и надзора за ними.

The article analyzes the legal and organizational aspects of the prevention of escapes from the settlement colonies. The author focuses on the shortcomings and difficulties in the government of control and supervision over convicted settlers. This is due to the fact that the norms of the penitentiary legislation endow convicts with a significant amount of benefits during the period of serving their sentences in settlement colonies. The lack of armed guards, cash circulation of funds, freedom of movement across the territory, the use of convicts' labor at certain facilities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation at the location of the institution make it impossible to ensure proper supervision. Under these conditions, the forms of supervision and control are not very effective. The author argues the effectiveness of the use of innovative technical means of control and supervision over convicts held in settlement colonies for the prevention of escapes. However, this type of control cannot be carried out without amending the legislation. Based on the regulatory framework governing the individual prevention of offenses in penitentiary institutions, as well as the recommendations of practitioners, the author concludes that the current application of the measure does not correspond to modern realities. Use of technical means of preventive control over them.
PROBLEMS OF CHOOSING THE RUSSIAN MODEL DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOCIAL STATE
Authors: Чупилкина Айгуль Фаридовна , Буравов Илья Сергеевич
Published: November 2021

Статья посвящена изучению проблем российской модели социального государства и его развития. На сегодняшний день выбор правильной стратегии социальной политики является важнейшей задачей для ряда государств, поскольку ошибки в этой сфере деятельности государства могут привести к социальным волнениям не только в кризисные, но и в стабильные периоды. Есть потребность в комплексном рассмотрении проблемы и выявлении тенденций в данной сфере. Россия на конституционном уровне провозглашает себя социальным государством, но в то же время с определенной периодичностью мы сталкиваемся с решениями государственных органов, которые можно считать спорными с точки зрения положений Конституции РФ о социальном государстве. В связи с вышесказанным, мы приходим к выводу, что российскому законодательству в виде правовых норм различного уровня необходимо выработать единую социальную стратегию, которая должна соответствовать ряду критериев. Среди них важно выделить: четкость и конкретность желаемых результатов, реалистичность задач и их важность для общества, сроки их достижения. Следует также отметить необходимость привлечения к разработке целей, показателей эффективности концепции, мер социальных гарантий представителей различных общественных наук.

The article is devoted to the study of the problems of the Russian model of the social state and its development. To this date, the choice of the right strategy of social policy is the most important task for a number of states, because mistakes in this area of state activity can lead to social unrest not only in crisis periods, but also in stable periods. There is a need for a comprehensive review of the problem and identification of trends in this area. Russia at the constitutional level proclaims itself a social state, but at the same time with a certain periodicity we are faced with decisions of state bodies which can be considered disputable from the point of view of provisions of the Russian Federation Constitution on a social state. In connection with the above, we come to the conclusion that the Russian legislation in the form of legal norms of different levels needs to develop a unified social strategy, which must meet a number of criteria. Among them it is important to highlight: the clarity and specificity of the desired results, the realism of objectives and their importance for society, the timing of their achievement. And in the development of goals, performance indicators of the concept, measures of social guarantees it is necessary to involve representatives of various social sciences.
Global Convergence of Nonlinear Conjugate Gradient Coefficients with Inexact Line Search
Authors: Abdelrahman Awad , Yousif Osman , Mhammed Mogtaba , Elbashir Murtada
Published: November 2021

Nonlinear conjugate gradient (CG) methods are significant for solving large-scale, unconstrained optimization problems, providing vital knowledge to determine the minimum point or optimize the objective functions. Many studies of modifications for nonlinear CG methods have been carried out to improve the performance of numerical computation and to establish global convergence properties. One of these studies is the modified CG method, which has been proposed by Rivaie et al. (2015). In this paper, we modify their work in such a way that one can obtain efficient numerical performance and global convergence properties. Due to the widespread use of the strong Wolfe line search in practice, our proposed modified method implemented its use. At the same time, to show the performance of the modified method in practice, a numerical experiment is performed.

KEYWORDS
Unconstrained optimization; conjugate gradient method; sufficient descent property; global convergence