bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regressão do hipocratismo digital em pacientes com câncer de pulmão tratados cirurgicamente
Authors: Moreira José da Silva , Hass Marlene , Moreira Ana Luiza Schneider , Fleck James de Freitas , Camargo José de Jesus Peixoto
Published: August 2008

OBJETIVO: Estudar, por meio de avaliações objetivas, a ocorrência de regressão do hipocratismo digital (HD) em pacientes com câncer de pulmão, tratados cirurgicamente, e revisar a literatura sobre o assunto. MÉTODOS: Sessenta e um pacientes com câncer de pulmão não-pequenas células-40 com e 21 sem HD-foram tratados por cirurgia de ressecção pulmonar. Onze deles (18%) também receberam radioterapia pós-operatória. No período pré-operatório e no 7º, no 18º e no 90º dia pós-operatório, o ângulo hiponiquial (AH) e a relação entre as espessuras falangeana distal e interfalangeana (EFD/EIF) foram determinados sobre imagens da sombra dos dedos indicadores em perfil. Uma revisão da literatura sobre regressão do HD (1954-2007) também foi efetuada. RESULTADOS: Do período pré-operatório ao 90º dia pós-operatório, o AH diminuiu de 200,5 ± 5,0º para 193,3 ± 6,8º (p < 0,001), e a relação EFD/EIF, de 1,014 ± 0,051 mm para 0,956 ± 0,045 mm (p < 0,001) no grupo de 40 pacientes com HD. Em 33 (82,5%), o AH e a relação EFD/EIF diminuíram, mas, em 7 (1,7%), 6 com evolução desfavorável, esses valores não se reduziram. Nos 21 pacientes sem HD, tanto o AH (184,5 ± 5,5º) como a relação EFD/EIF (0,937 ± 0,046 mm) permaneceram inalterados após a cirurgia. Na literatura (1954-2007) foram encontrados 52 casos em que a regressão do HD, observada em diversas condições clínicas, foi explicitamente referida, 5 dos quais eram casos de câncer de pulmão. CONCLUSÕES: O HD em pacientes com câncer de pulmão regride na maioria dos casos após tratamento cirúrgico efetivo do tumor, o que pode também ocorrer em pacientes com outras condições.
Deficiência de alfa-1 antitripsina: diagnóstico e tratamento
Authors: Camelier Aquiles A , Winter Daniel Hugo , Jardim José Roberto , Barboza Carlos Eduardo Galvão , Cukier Alberto , Miravitlles Marc
Published: August 2008

A deficiência de alfa-1 antitripsina é um distúrbio genético de descoberta recente e que ocorre com freqüência comparável à da fibrose cística. Resulta de diferentes mutações no gene SERPINA1 e tem diversas implicações clínicas. A alfa-1 antitripsina é produzida principalmente no fígado e atua como uma antiprotease. Tem como principal função inativar a elastase neutrofílica, impedindo a ocorrência de dano tecidual. A mutação mais freqüentemente relacionada à doença clínica é o alelo Z, que determina polimerização e acúmulo dentro dos hepatócitos. O acúmulo e a conseqüente redução dos níveis séricos de alfa-1 antitripsina determinam, respectivamente, doença hepática e pulmonar, sendo que esta se manifesta principalmente sob a forma de enfisema de aparecimento precoce, habitualmente com predomínio basal. O diagnóstico envolve a detecção de níveis séricos reduzidos de alfa-1 antitripsina e a confirmação fenotípica. Além do tratamento usual para doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, existe atualmente uma terapia específica com infusão de concentrados de alfa-1 antitripsina. Essa terapia de reposição, aparentemente segura, ainda não teve a eficácia clínica definitivamente comprovada, e o custo-efetividade também é um tema controverso e ainda pouco abordado. Apesar da sua importância, não existem dados epidemiológicos brasileiros a respeito da prevalência da doença ou da freqüência de ocorrência dos alelos deficientes. O subdiagnóstico também tem sido uma importante limitação tanto para o estudo da doença quanto para o tratamento adequado dos pacientes. Espera-se que a criação do Registro Internacional de Alfa-1 venha a resolver essas e outras importantes questões.
Amiloidose traqueobrônquica primária
Authors: Chatkin Gustavo , Pipkin Mauríco , Pinto José Antonio Figueiredo , Silva Vinicius Duval da , Chatkin José Miguel
Published: August 2008

A amiloidose é uma doença caracterizada pelo depósito extracelular de proteínas fibrilares em órgãos e tecidos. A forma traqueal primária isolada é rara. Relata-se o caso de um homem, 55 anos de idade, portador de amiloidose traqueal que interna por insuficiência respiratória aguda, com história de pneumonias prévias recentes. Radiograma de tórax seguido de tomografia computadorizada de tórax revelou obstrução da traquéia por tumoração. Foi realizada tunelização para alívio temporário dos sintomas. Os achado histológicos não revelaram neoplasia, mas identificaram substância amilóide pelo vermelho congo. Embora a baixa freqüência desta situação clínica, é discutida sua importância no diagnóstico diferencial de tumores de traquéia e a repercussão na conduta terapêutica.
FLOWS THROUGH FOREST CANOPIES IN COMPLEX TERRAIN
Authors: Belcher S. E. , Finnigan J. J. , Harman I. N.
Published: August 2008

Recent progress on boundary layer flow within and above tall forest canopies in complex terrain is reviewed from the perspective of developing methods to interpret carbon dioxide fluxes from tower measurements in real terrain. Two examples of complex terrain are considered in detail: a forest edge, which exemplifies nonuniform forests, and hilly terrain, which can lead to drainage currents at night. Dynamical arguments show that, when boundary layer winds approach a forest edge, the mean wind adjusts on a length scale of approximately 3Lc, where Lc is the canopy drag length scale, which depends inversely on the leaf area density of the forest. Over a further distance that also scales on Lc, turbulence in the flow adjusts, and the mixing and transport in the canopy approaches the homogeneous limit. Even low hills change the neutral flow within and above the forest canopy substantially. When the canopy is tall, pressure gradients drive flow up both the upwind and downwind slopes of the hill, leading to an ejection of air out of the top of the canopy just downwind of the crest. This flow at the crest can then advect scalar out of the top of the forest, leading to large variations in the flux of scalar across the hill. At night, when the air near the ground cools and becomes stably stratified, turbulence within the canopy can collapse, even when the flow above the canopy remains turbulent. This leads to a decoupling of the air motions within the canopy from those above. The air above the canopy can then continue to pass up and over the hill, as it does in the neutral case, but at the same time, air within the canopy drains down the hill slopes as drainage currents. These analyses will help us understand when flux towers are reliably measuring the net ecosystem exchange and suggest ways of correcting the flux tower data in more complex situations.
FIRE SEVERITY AND ECOSYTEM RESPONSES FOLLOWING CROWN FIRES IN CALIFORNIA SHRUBLANDS
Authors: Keeley Jon E. , Brennan Teresa , Pfaff Anne H.
Published: August 2008

Chaparral shrublands burn in large high‐intensity crown fires. Managers interested in how these wildfires affect ecosystem processes generally rely on surrogate measures of fire intensity known as fire severity metrics. In shrublands burned in the autumn of 2003, a study of 250 sites investigated factors determining fire severity and ecosystem responses.

Using structural equation modeling we show that stand age, prefire shrub density, and the shortest interval of the prior fire history had significant direct effects on fire severity, explaining >50% of the variation in severity.

Fire severity per se is of interest to resource managers primarily because it is presumed to be an indicator of important ecosystem processes such as vegetative regeneration, community recovery, and erosion. Fire severity contributed relatively little to explaining patterns of regeneration after fire. Two generalizations can be drawn: fire severity effects are mostly short‐lived, i.e., by the second year they are greatly diminished, and fire severity may have opposite effects on different functional types.

Species richness exhibited a negative relationship to fire severity in the first year, but fire severity impacts were substantially less in the second postfire year and varied by functional type. Much of this relationship was due to alien plants that are sensitive to high fire severity; at all scales from 1 to 1000 m2, the percentage of alien species in the postfire flora declined with increased fire severity. Other aspects of disturbance history are also important determinants of alien cover and richness as both increased with the number of times the site had burned and decreased with time since last fire.

A substantial number of studies have shown that remote‐sensing indices are correlated with field measurements of fire severity. Across our sites, absolute differenced normalized burn ratio (dNBR) was strongly correlated with field measures of fire severity and with fire history at a site but relative dNBR was not. Despite being correlated with fire severity, absolute dNBR showed little or no relationship with important ecosystem responses to wildfire such as shrub resprouting or total vegetative regeneration. These findings point to a critical need for further research on interpreting remote sensing indices as applied to postfire management of these shrublands.
TEMPORAL CHANGES IN C AND N STOCKS OF RESTORED PRAIRIE: IMPLICATIONS FOR C SEQUESTRATION STRATEGIES
Authors: Matamala R. , Jastrow J. D. , Miller R. M. , Garten C. T.
Published: August 2008

The recovery of ecosystem C and N dynamics after disturbance can be a slow process. Chronosequence approaches offer unique opportunities to use space‐for‐time substitution to quantify the recovery of ecosystem C and N stocks and estimate the potential of restoration practices for C sequestration. We studied the distribution of C and N stocks in two chronosequences that included long‐term cultivated lands, 3‐ to 26‐year‐old prairie restorations, and remnant prairie on two related soil series. Results from the two chronosequences did not vary significantly and were combined. Based on modeling predictions, the recovery rates of different ecosystem components varied greatly. Overall, C stocks recovered faster than N stocks, but both C and N stocks recovered more rapidly for aboveground vegetation than for any other ecosystem component. Aboveground C and N reached 95% of remnant levels in only 13 years and 21 years, respectively, after planting to native vegetation. Belowground plant C and N recovered several decades later, while microbial biomass C, soil organic C (SOC), and total soil N recovered on a century timescale. In the cultivated fields, SOC concentrations were depleted within the surface 25 cm, coinciding with the depth of plowing, but cultivation apparently led to redistribution of soil C, increasing SOC stocks deeper in the soil profile. The restoration of prairie vegetation was effective at rebuilding soil organic matter (SOM) in the surface soil. Accrual rates were maintained at 43 g C·m−2·yr−1and 3 g N·m−2·yr−1in the surface 0.16 Mg/m2soil mass during the first 26 years of restoration and were predicted to reach 50% of their storage potential (3500 g C/m2) in the first 100 years. We conclude that restoration of tallgrass prairie vegetation can restore SOM lost through cultivation and has the potential to sequester relatively large amounts of SOC over a sustained period of time. Whether restored prairies can retain the C apparently transferred to the subsoil by cultivation practices remains to be seen.
War-Related Medically Unexplained Symptoms, Prevalence, and Treatment: Utilizing EMDR Within the Armed Services
Authors: Russell Mark C.
Published: August 2008

The mental health impact of war is often underestimated by military, government, and media officials who focus primarily on well-known conditions like depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) while ignoring the complex toll of modern warfare. These effects are clearly evident in “war syndromes,” many of which can be collectively understood as medically unexplained symptoms (MUS). The current study provides a brief historical review of combat-related MUS as well as an analysis of present evidence of a possible “Iraqi War Syndrome.” An overview of past and current treatments for combat MUS is followed by a single case study treating an Iraqi war combat veteran with combat-related MUS with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Therapy resulted in significant improvement of the patient’s 1-year psychophysical condition and comorbid PTSD. We provide a detailed account of those treatment sessions as well as a discussion of EMDR’s potential to simultaneously treat a range of combat-related psychophysical conditions without requiring extensive homework or self-disclosure that some military patients may resist. The results are promising, but they require further research.
Enantioselective estrogenicity of o,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane in the MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cell line
Authors: Wang Lumei , Zhou Shanshan , Lin Kunde , Zhao Meirong , Liug Weiping , Gan Jianying
Published: August 2008

Research increasingly suggests that selectivity between enantiomers may exist in acute and chronic toxicological effects of chiral contaminants. In this study, we used the human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cell line to evaluate enantioselectivity of o,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (o,p'-DDT). Baseline separation of o,p'-DDT enantiomers was achieved on the Chiralcel® OJ chiral column by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the absolute configuration and optical rotation of the resolved enantiomers were further identified. Significant differences in estrogenic potential were observed between the two enantiomers of o,p'-DDT in the MCF-7 cell proliferation assay (i.e., the E-Screen assay) and the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the E-Screen assay, the relative proliferative effect ratios of R-(—)-o,p'-DDT and S-(+)-o,p'-DDT were 89.4 and 27.9%, respectively, and the relative proliferative potency ratios were 0.1 and 0.001%, respectively. Compared to the solvent control, R-(—)-o,p'-DDT induced the maximal increase of 2.31-fold at a concentration of 10−6 mol/L, while S-(+)-o,p'-DDT at 10−5 mol/L induced the maximal increase of 1.65-fold in estrogenic biomarker pS2 mRNA level. The maximal down-regulation of the transcription levels of estrogen receptor a (ERα) and ERβ by R-(—)-o,p'-DDT were 49 and 40% at the concentration of 10−6 mol/L, while those by S-(+)-o,p'-DDT were 24 and 26% at the concentration of 10−5 mol/L. The cell proliferation, the up-regulation of pS2, and the down-regulation of ERα and ERβ gene expressions induced by the racemate and enantiomers of o,p'-DDT were all reversed by cotreatment with 10−6 mol/L ICI 182,780. Therefore, the enantioselective estrogenicity of o,p'-DDT was likely through the ERα and ERβ signaling pathways. Results from this study suggest the need for considering enantioselectivity of chiral contaminants in chronic ecological toxicities.
Short Radius Horizontal and Multilateral Re-entry of Oil and Water Injection Wells
Authors: Al-Ghamdi I. A. , Al-Hendi A. A. , Esmail O. J.
Published: August 2008

During the past four years Saudi Aramco has used short radius horizontal and multilateral drilling technology to increase oil recovery, productivity and injectivity of existing production and injection wells. This was achieved by (a) sidetracking oil wells with thin bypassed oil column and drilling short radius horizontal holes at the top of the reservoir to control water coning and increase oil recovery, (b) drilling short radius horizontal holes across thin reservoirs and increase the wellbore flow area and well productivity, and (c) drilling multilateral short radius horizontal holes to increase the productivity and injectivity of existing oil and water injection wells completed in low permeability reservoirs. This paper presents well case histories that describe the drilling and completion operations and compare the performances of the horizontal and conventional wells.
SBR technology for high ammonium loading rates
Authors: Galí A. , Dosta J. , López-Palau S. , Mata-Álvarez J.
Published: August 2008

This paper focuses on the study of high ammonium concentrated wastewater with SBR reactors. Four type of wastewaters, landfill leachates (T=20°C) and the reject water (T=35°C) coming from mesophilic anaerobic digesters of sewage sludge, pig slurry and organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW), were studied in four SBR during 6 months. The removal of nitrogen was done in all the cases with nitrification/denitrification via nitrite obtaining high removal nitrogen conversions for the three types of reject water (0.75–0.85 kg N day−1 m−3) and lower for landfill leachates due to temperature requirements (0.3 kg N day−1 m−3).
Parents' and Teachers' Attitudes regarding School Involvement in Education That Extends beyond the Traditional Academic Core
Authors: Åman-Back Susanna , Björkqvist Kaj
Published: August 2008

In a survey conducted with 1,107 parents (590 mothers, M age = 38.8 yr., SD = 5.8; 517 fathers, M age = 41.3 yr., SD = 6.0) and 123 teachers (82 women, M age = 41.1 yr., SD = 9.2; 41 men, M age = 41.3 yr., SD = 9.1) in coastal rural Southern Ostrobothnia, Finland, an assessment of the relative responsibility of the family in comparison with that of school in the teaching of various skills to children was made. Parents and teachers agreed that the school carries 30–40% of the responsibility for the teaching of socio-emotional skills, such as conflict resolution, norms and values, self-esteem, sense of justice and responsibility, and close human relations. They also agreed that school carries 50% of the responsibility for providing information about sexuality and drugs. Fathers opined that school carried a greater responsibility in teaching skills than mothers did.
College Students' Perceptions of Sexual Orientation and Gender Given Job Descriptions and Titles for Interior Decoration, Interior Design, and Architecture
Authors: Wood-Nartker B. Jeanneane , Sepanski Jungsywan , McCrady Joe , Gligor Andreea
Published: August 2008

To examine perceptions of design professionals, this study was designed to examine possible gender-bias based on job title and description and whether there is a relationship between the two perceptions. A respondent's sex was significantly related to perceptions of a design professional's sex. Both respondents' sex and the perceived sex of the design professional had significant effects on the perceived sexual orientation of the design professionals. Furthermore, the results also indicated that if the design professional was perceived to be male, there was a higher tendency that he would be perceived as homosexual, especially by a male respondent.
A Pilot Study of a Possible Effect from a Motor Task on Reading Performance
Authors: Uhrich Tabatha A. , Swalm Ricky L.
Published: August 2008

This pilot study examined the influence of participation in a 6-week bimanual coordination program on Grade 5 students' reading achievement. Twenty Grade 5 students participated in a bimanual activity (sport stacking) and were tested whether reading achievement scores were significantly different from the scores for 21 control students. The experimental group consisted of 20 students (11 boys, 9 girls) from one intact classroom cohort; the control group consisted of 21 students (12 boys, 9 girls) from one intact classroom cohort. Students in both groups ranged in age from 10 to 11 years. The intact classroom cohorts were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Reading achievement was measured by differences in pre- and posttest scores from the GMRT-4 Decoding and Comprehension skill subtests. Group by sex analyses of covariance, using pretest scores as covariates, indicated that there were no significant differences by group or sex for decoding skills. A significant increase was found for the experimental group on Comprehension skills. Therefore, participation in a bimanual coordination program, using sport stacking as the activity, may improve Grade 5 students' reading comprehension skills, regardless of sex.
Correlates of a Taoist Orientation among Korean Students
Authors: Park B. C. Ben , Zeyrek Emek Yüce , Lester David
Published: August 2008

Associations of .35 and −.34, respectively, were found for a measure of having a Taoist orientation to life with death anxiety and the perception that one's self is unified (versus fragmented) in samples of 41 Korean high school and 145 Korean university students.
Entropy and Environmental Mystery
Authors: Stamps Arthur E.
Published: August 2008

Two studies are reported regarding the effects of entropy, lighting, and occlusion on impressions of mystery in physical environments. The theoretical context of this study was the “informational theory” of environmental preference, which, among other claims, holds that mystery can be measured by the extent to which people perceive a promise of more information if they move deeper into an environment. Entropy, in the context of this article, is visual diversity as measured using information theory. Mystery was measured by a semantic differential scale. The definition of mystery was left up to each individual participant. Entropy of occluded objects was used to obtain an objective, experimentally manipulatable and operational definition of “promise of more information.” Exp. 1 had 12 stimuli and 15 participants. Exp. 2 had 12 stimuli and 16 participants. Entropy of occluded objects ranged from 0 to 6 bits. Entropy of occluded objects was used to measure the promise that there would be more information if one moved deeper into an environment. Overall, amount of light had the strongest effect on responses of mystery ( r = −.63, darker was more mysterious), followed by occlusion ( r = .26, occluding objects made a scene seem more mysterious), and by the promise of more information if one moved about in the scene ( r = .13), the more entropy in occluded objects, the greater the impression of mystery). The theoretical contribution of this work is that a relationship between subjective impressions of mystery and an objective measure of “promise of more information” was found.
Development of a Metabolic Equation for Elliptical Crosstrainer Exercise
Authors: Dalleck Lance C. , Kravitz Len
Published: August 2008

The purpose of this study was to develop an accurate metabolic prediction equation for elliptical crosstrainer (ECT) exercise. Male and female ( n = 40) subjects ( M ± SD, age: 30 ± 7 yr.; height: 173 ± 11 cm; weight: 72.3 ± 13.8 kg; body composition: 18.3 ± 6.9%) completed two randomized testing sessions. Steady-state oxygen uptake (VO2) was measured, while subjects exercised on the ECT at nine separate workloads each testing session. Multiple regression analysis to predict steady-state VO2 from ECT resistance, ECT cadence, and subjects' body mass resulted in the following model ( R2 = .783): Steady-state VO2 = 3.5 + 0.15(Cadence) + 1.22 (Resistance) − 0.11 (Weight). Both the standard error of the estimate ( SEE) and total error ( TE) for the prediction of steady-state VO2 under all ECT workload conditions combined were 2.8 mL/kg/min. The SEE and TE values are similar to those previously reported in the literature regarding the accuracy of metabolic equations for other exercise modalities. These findings support the use of the equation developed in the present study to predict steady-state VO2 for ECT exercise.
Body Mass Index of 23 or More is a Risk Factor for Hypertension and Hyperlipidemia in Japanese Workers
Authors: Kawada Tomoyuki , Morihashi Maki , Ueda Harumi , Sirato Takako
Published: August 2008

In comparison with western populations, body mass index (BMI) of the Japanese population is typically lower. In this study, the relationship between BMI and other metabolic risk factors was examined in 1,130 male manufacturing workers surveyed from 2000 to 2003. The association between the BMI and the relative risk of hypertension was evaluated in a cross-sectional design using logistic regression analysis. The mean BMI in the subjects was 23.6 ( SD = 3.2). Of the total number of subjects, 26.6% and 3.3% were classified as pre-obese and obese, respectively. Multivariate analysis indicated that BMI of 23 or greater was significantly associated with an increased risk of hypertension and/or hyperlipidemia. Health education of weight control of borderline obesity of workers is important for the primary prevention of hypertension and hyperlipidemia in Japan.
Time Perception, Estimation Paradigm, and Temporal Relevance
Authors: Klapproth Florian
Published: August 2008

52 women and 20 men ( M age = 25.3 yr., SD = 4.1) reproduced one of three durations (15, 30, and 45 sec.) of a uniform visual stimulus in either a prospective or a retrospective estimation paradigm. In contrast to the prospective conditions, the participants in the retrospective conditions did not know that time estimation would be required subsequently. However, temporal relevance in the retrospective conditions was raised explicitly by instructing the participants to wait for the termination of a visual stimulus and to press a button immediately after the stimulus had disappeared. The results contrasted with most findings of comparisons between prospective and retrospective duration judgments: there were no differences between the conditions regarding their mean estimates. However, intersubject variability of temporal judgments was higher in the retrospective conditions than in the prospective conditions. The results were interpreted within the framework of attentional models of temporal information processing.
Resampling Permutation Probability Values for Six Measures of Qualitative Variation
Authors: Johnston Janis E. , Berry Kenneth J. , Mielke Paul W.
Published: August 2008

An algorithm and associated FORTRAN program are provided for six common measures of ordinal association: Kendall's τ a and τ b, Stuart's τ c, Goodman and Kruskal's γ, and Somers' dyx and dxy. Program ROMA reports the observed data table, the values for the six test statistics, and the resampling upper- and lower-tail probability values associated with each test statistic.
Hand Preference Consistency and Simple Rhythmic Bimanual Coordination in Preschool Children
Authors: Mori Shiro , Iteya Misaki , Gabbard Carl
Published: August 2008

This study examined whether strength of hand preference is associated with rhythmic bimanual coordination. 27 preschool children ages 4 to 6 years, identified as 10 right-, 8 left-, and 9 mixed-handed, were evaluated on accuracy and stability with a bimanual tapping task requiring intermodal matching. The primary hypothesis was that consistent right- and left-handers would have an advantage over mixed-handers given higher hemispheric maturation, possibly the corpus callosum, which may be the main interhemispheric communication conduit. A significant difference was noted among the three groups, with right-handers having higher accuracy and stability. This finding suggests that bimanual coordination in young children may be influenced by handedness, which may also be related to the development of interhemispheric communication.
Relationship between Visual and Motor Imagery
Authors: McAvinue Laura P. , Robertson Ian H.
Published: August 2008

The relationship between visual and motor imagery was investigated by administering a battery of visual and motor imagery measures to a sample of 101 men ( n = 49) and women ( n = 52), who ranged in age from 18 to 59 ( M=34.5, SD=12.6). A principal components analysis applied to the correlation matrix indicated four underlying components, which explained 62.9% of the variance. The components were named Implicit Visual Imagery Ability, Self-report of Visual and Motor Imagery, Implicit Motor Imagery Ability, and Explicit Motor Imagery Ability. These results suggested a dissociation between visual and motor imagery although visual and motor imagery were associated as self-reports and there were correlations among particular measures.
Tolerance of Ambiguity: Text Analytic vs Self-Report Measures in Two Nonclinical Groups
Authors: Leichsenring Falk , Steuernagel Elke , Steuernagel Jens , Meyer H. A.
Published: August 2008

Avoidance of ambiguity can be examined by both text analytic and self-report methods. In previous studies using text analytic methods, clinical groups showed a higher avoidance of ambiguity than nonclinical subjects. In nonclinical subjects, however, higher avoidance of ambiguity did not correlate with emotional processes. In these studies, higher avoidance of ambiguity was assessed by a text analytic method (DoTA), which was applied to the Holtzman Inkblot Technique. However, the Inkblot Technique may not activate those cognitive-affective structures in nonclinical subjects required to elicit higher avoidance of ambiguity. Thus, the following discrepant results can be predicted: in nonclinical subjects, DoTA indicators of higher avoidance of ambiguity based on Holtzman Inkblot Technique do not show correlations with self-report measures of higher avoidance of ambiguity such as the Ambiguity Tolerance Questionnaire, the Inventory for the Measurement of Tolerance of Ambiguity (Reis inventory), or self-report measures of related traits of personality such as the Giessen Test. Self-report measures of higher avoidance of ambiguity should show such correlations. Two studies were carried out to test these hypotheses. In Study 1, 80 nonclinical subjects (48 women, M age = 34.5 yr.) were examined using the DoTA text analytic method, the Ambiguity Tolerance Questionnaire-14 and the Giessen Test. In Study 2, 82 nonclinical subjects (43 women, M age = 34.0 yr.) were tested using the Reis inventory. The results obtained in these subjects are consistent with the hypothesis.
Persons with Multiple Disabilities and Minimal Motor Behavior Using Small Forehead Movements and New Microswitch Technology to Control Environmental Stimuli
Authors: Lancioni Giulio E. , O'Reilly Mark F. , Singh Nirbhay N. , Sigafoos Jeff , Didden Robert , Oliva Doretta , Montironi Gianluigi
Published: August 2008

Persons with multiple disabilities and minimal motor behavior may be unable to use available microswitch technology to control environmental stimuli. For these persons, one may need to rely on small motor expressions (as responses) and new, matching microswitch technology to ensure a successful outcome. In the present study, a small movement of the forehead skin was selected as the response for two participants (ages 6.5 and 14.2 years) with profound multiple disabilities. The microswitch technology included (a) an optic sensor, i.e., barcode reader, (b) a small tag with horizontal bars attached to the participants' forehead, and (c) an electronic control system which activated stimuli in relation to response occurrence. Movement of the forehead skin shifted up or down the tag with bars and this shifting, if greater than a preset limit and therefore recorded as a response, led to the activation of the control system. Each participant received an ABAB sequence, in which A represented baseline and B intervention phases, and a 6-wk. postintervention check. Analysis showed both participants increased their responding during the intervention phases and maintained that responding at the postintervention check. Implications of the findings were discussed.
Visual Memory Transformations in Dyslexia
Authors: Barnes James , Hinkley Lisa , Masters Stuart , Boubert Laura
Published: August 2008

Representational Momentum refers to observers' distortion of recognition memory for pictures that imply motion because of an automatic mental process which extrapolates along the implied trajectory of the picture. Neuroimaging evidence suggests that activity in the magnocellular visual pathway is necessary for representational momentum to occur. It has been proposed that individuals with dyslexia have a magnocellular deficit, so it was hypothesised that these individuals would show reduced or absent representational momentum. In this study, 30 adults with dyslexia and 30 age-matched controls were compared on two tasks, one linear and one rotation, which had previously elicited the representational momentum effect. Analysis indicated significant differences in the performance of the two groups, with the dyslexia group having a reduced susceptibility to representational momentum in both linear and rotational directions. The findings highlight that deficits in temporal spatial processing may contribute to the perceptual profile of dyslexia.
Relationship between Perfectionism and Social Physique Anxiety among Male and Female College Student Exercisers
Authors: Anshel Mark H. , Seipel Scott J.
Published: August 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between two constructs, social physique anxiety and perfectionism, both conceptually linked to exercise behavior. A secondary purpose was to examine sex differences. Men ( n = 80) and women ( n = 106) university students who exercised regularly at the campus fitness center completed the Brief Multiple Perfectionism Scale and the Social Physique Anxiety Scale immediately prior to their exercise session. A small but significant correlation was found between the two measures through the Brief Multiple Perfectionism Scale Doubts about Actions. It was concluded that the overall relationship between social physique anxiety and perfectionism is weak.
Approach-Avoidance Individual Differences in Changing Students' Responses to Physical Education
Authors: Robazza Claudio , Bortoli Laura , Carraro Attilio , Bertollo Maurizio
Published: August 2008

The purpose of this report was to examine the effects of physical education acrobatic activities as a function of individual differences on approach-avoidance tendencies for acrobatics. The data of a study conducted by Robazza, Bortoli, Carraro, and Bertollo (2006) were analyzed after having classified students as high- or low-avoiders. Approach-avoidance tendencies and idiosyncratic emotions related to acrobatic tasks and adventurous sports were originally assessed for 72 Italian male high school students. Experimental participants engaged in acrobatic tasks of physical education for 12 lessons, while control participants were involved in team sports. Analysis showed that high-avoiders changed their emotions positively toward physical education tasks more than low-avoiders, whereas the latter modified their attitudes for adventurous sports. Approach-avoidance tendencies can be expected to moderate involvement in challenging physical activities.
Relationship between Home and School Adjustment: Children's Experiences at Ages 10 and 14
Authors: Åman-Back Susanna , Björkqvist Kaj
Published: August 2008

773 children (359 girls, 414 boys) of two age groups, 10 years and 14 years, completed a questionnaire about subjective experiences of home and school. Children who reported getting along well with their parents and finding it easy to communicate with them also reported being more satisfied with themselves, enjoying school more, feeling less lonely, being less bullied by others, and also bullying others less. Boys reported bullying more than girls and more satisfaction with themselves than girls. Girls reported enjoying school more, feeling lonelier, sometimes having trouble falling asleep, and having headaches more often than boys. Girls at age 14 reported experiencing a prominent increase in headaches and parental complaints about their eating habits.
Helmholtz Plane Reconfiguration Enables Robust Zinc Metal Anode in Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wu Tingqing , Hu Chao , Zhang Qi , Yang Zefang , Jin Guanhua , Li Yixin , Tang Yougen , Li Huanhuan , Wang Haiyan
Published: April 2024

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries are promising for next‐generation energy storage systems. However, the zinc dendrite growth, corrosion, and hydrogen evolution reaction at the electrochemical interface severely impede their further development. Herein, a Zn2+‐rich and H2O‐poor Helmholtz plane is constructed to regulate the electrochemical interface between the zinc anode and the electrolyte. Electrochemical and in situ spectroscopy characterizations reveal that the designed electric double layer with abundant Zn2+ coordination sites and less H2O content can facilitate rapid electron transfer, homogenize Zn2+ deposition, and alleviate the side reactions induced by active H2O. Benefiting from the high reversibility and stability of zinc anode, the Zn||Zn symmetric cell can be cycled over 1000 h at 1 mA cm−2 and the Zn||NH4V4O10 full cell can maintain a capacity of 85.23% for 1000 cycles at 3 A g−1. This work aims at Helmholtz plane reconfiguration and provides a realizable strategy in interface construction for other similar systems.
Cellulosic Nonwovens Incorporated with Fully Utilized MXene Precursor as Smart Pressure Sensor and Multi‐Protection Materials
Authors: Yu Zhaochuan , Deng Chao , Sun Jianglei , Zhang Xing , Liu Yuqian , Liu Chao , Seidi Farzad , Han Jingquan , Yong Qiang , Xiao Huining
Published: April 2024

Currently, multifunctional MXene‐integrated wearable textiles (MWTs) are particularly appealing due to their various applications such as health monitoring, smart protection, and medical treatment. However, scalable manufacture of durable, stable, and high‐performance multifunctional MWTs still face challenges due to the poor oxidation stability of MXene and low utilization of precursor titanium aluminum carbide (MAX). Herein, an improved preparation strategy for zinc ion (Zn2+) intercalation is proposed to create high antioxidative MXene (ZM) and exceptionally conductive and printable gel ink based on MXene sediments (ZMS‐ink), while multifunctional wearable textiles are fabricated using spray‐coating and screen‐printing techniques on cellulosic nonwoven textiles (CNWs), achieving the complete utilization of MXene precursor. Benefiting from the inherent disordered stacking and porous structure of CNWs, along with the highly conductive ZM and ZMS‐ink, as‐prepared smart, wearable and green‐based pressure sensor offered proper breathability, high sensitivity (2602.26 kPa−1), wide sensing range (0–141 kPa), and excellent cycling stability (>5000 cycles). Additionally, the sensor exhibited efficient photothermal/photodynamic therapy antibacterial activity and exceptional electromagnetic interference shielding performance (57.5 dB). Therefore, this work paves the way for the future development of integrated and scalable multifunctional wearable devices building on the environmental‐friendly CNWs incorporated with fully utilized MAX, offering a green and cost‐effective approach.
Gold‐Template‐Assisted Mechanical Exfoliation of Large‐Area 2D Layers Enables Efficient and Precise Construction of Moiré Superlattices
Authors: Wu Kang , Wang Hao , Yang Meng , Liu Li , Sun Zhenyu , Hu Guojing , Song Yanpeng , Han Xin , Guo Jiangang , Wu Kehui , Feng Baojie , Shen Chengmin , Huang Yuan , Shi Youguo , Cheng Zhigang , Yang Haitao , Bao Lihong , Pantelides Sokrates T. , Gao Hong‐Jun
Published: April 2024

Moiré superlattices, consisting of rotationally aligned 2D atomically thin layers, provide a highly novel platform for the study of correlated quantum phenomena. However, reliable and efficient construction of moiré superlattices is challenging because of difficulties to accurately angle‐align small exfoliated 2D layers and the need to shun wet‐transfer processes. Here, efficient and precise construction of various moiré superlattices is demonstrated by picking up and stacking large‐area 2D mono‐ or few‐layer crystals with predetermined crystal axes, made possible by a gold‐template‐assisted mechanical exfoliation method. The exfoliated 2D layers are semiconductors, superconductors, or magnets and their high quality is confirmed by photoluminescence and Raman spectra and by electrical transport measurements of fabricated field‐effect transistors and Hall devices. Twisted homobilayers with angle‐twisting accuracy of ≈0.3°, twisted heterobilayers with sub‐degree angle‐alignment accuracy, and multilayer superlattices are precisely constructed and characterized by their moiré patterns, interlayer excitons, and second harmonic generation. The present study paves the way for exploring emergent phenomena in moiré superlattices.
Supergravity‐Steered Generic Manufacturing of Nanosheets‐Embedded Nanocomposite Hydrogel with Highly Oriented, Heterogeneous Architecture
Authors: Xu Guang‐Chang , Nie Yihan , Li Hao‐Nan , Li Wan‐Long , Lin Wan‐Ting , Xue Yu‐Ren , Li Kai , Fang Yu , Liang Hong‐Qing , Yang Hao‐Cheng , Zhan Haifei , Zhang Chao , Lü Chaofeng , Xu Zhi‐Kang
Published: April 2024

Designing nanocomposite hydrogels with oriented nanosheets has emerged as a promising toolkit to achieve preferential performances that go beyond their disordered counterparts. Although current fabrication strategies via electric/magnetic force fields have made remarkable achievements, they necessitate special properties of nanosheets and suffer from an inferior orientation degree of nanosheets. Herein, a facile and universal approach is discovered to elaborate MXene‐based nanocomposite hydrogels with highly oriented, heterogeneous architecture by virtue of supergravity to replace conventional force fields. The key to such architecture is to leverage bidirectional, force‐tunable attributes of supergravity containing coupled orthogonal shear and centrifugal force field for steering high‐efficient movement, pre‐orientation, and stacking of MXene nanosheets in the bottom. Such a synergetic effect allows for yielding heterogeneous nanocomposite hydrogels with a high‐orientation MXene‐rich layer (orientation degree, f = 0.83) and a polymer‐rich layer. The authors demonstrate that MXene‐based nanocomposite hydrogels leverage their high‐orientation, heterogeneous architecture to deliver an extraordinary electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of 55.2 dB at 12.4 GHz yet using a super‐low MXene of 0.3 wt%, surpassing most hydrogels‐based electromagnetic shielding materials. This versatile supergravity‐steered strategy can be further extended to arbitrary nanosheets including MoS2, GO, and C3N4, offering a paradigm in the development of oriented nanocomposites.
n‐Bu4NI/K2S2O8 Mediated Csp2−Csp2 Bond Cleavage – Transformylation from p‐Anisaldehyde to Primary Amides
Authors: Liu Xiaochen , Hee Samual , Sapir Netanel G. , Li Alvin , Liu Jianbo , Chen Yu
Published: April 2024

n‐Bu4NI/K2S2O8 mediated transformylation from p‐anisaldehyde to primary amides is reported. The mechanistic studies suggest the reaction occurs via a single electron transfer pathway. Based on the DFT electronic structure calculations of various reaction pathways, the most plausible mechanism involves the formation of a phenyl radical cation and an arenium ion as the key intermediates. It represents the first example where p‐anisaldehyde is employed as a formyl source via a non‐metal mediated Csp2−Csp2 bond cleavage.
Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Peptidols via Reductive Cleavage Through a Benzotriazole Linker
Authors: Chen Szu‐Hsuan , Chuang Hui‐Ying , Rajavel Chitra , Kai Lin Yi , Chang Shu‐Han , Tsai Pei‐Chen , Chen Hui‐Ting , Sun Chung‐Ming , Selvaraj Anand , Kao Chai‐Lin
Published: April 2024

Peptidols were prepared through the reductive cleavage of benzotriazole intermediates obtained from the on‐bead activation of 3,4‐diaminobenzoyl linkers. Remarkably, this method used commercially available amino acid residues and resins without further modification. Pure peptidols were collected with only filtration in 49%–87% yield. Only the derivatives with aspartic acid as the first C‐terminal residue required sophisticated chromatography purification. Esters and carboxylic acids were identified as side products and were suppressed by additional reduction or reduction in DMF. Remarkably, the reduction of peptides with the first aspartic acid residue at the C‐terminal afforded a C‐terminal lactone, which could be reduced by deprotection at 0 °C. For the synthesis of branched peptidols, the bulky wedge structures of the branched peptides resulted in low total yields, which were improved to 23%–28% by using peripheral Boc groups and SPPS on the Tental gel resin. In addition, this method gave two peptaibols, SPF‐5506‐A4 and Ac‐Gramicidin A, in 11% and 46% yields, respectively.
Chloro‐Functionalized Ether‐Based Electrolyte for High‐Voltage and Stable Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hu Yanyao , Fu Hongwei , Geng Yuanhui , Yang Xiaoteng , Fan Ling , Zhou Jiang , Lu Bingan
Published: April 2024

Ether‐based electrolyte is beneficial to obtaining good low‐temperature performance and high ionic conductivity in potassium ion batteries. However, the dilute ether‐based electrolytes usually result in ion‐solvent co‐intercalation of graphite, poor cycling stability, and hard to withstand high voltage cathodes above 4.0 V. To address the aforementioned issues, an electron‐withdrawing group (chloro‐substitution) was introduced to regulate the solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) and enhance the oxidative stability of ether‐based electrolytes. The dilute (~0.91 M) chloro‐functionalized ether‐based electrolyte not only facilitates the formation of homogeneous dual halides‐based SEI, but also effectively suppress aluminum corrosion at high voltage. Using this functionalized electrolyte, the K||graphite cell exhibits a stability of 700 cycles, the K||Prussian blue (PB) cell (4.3 V) delivers a stability of 500 cycles, and the PB||graphite full‐cell reveals a long stability of 6000 cycles with a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.98 %. Additionally, the PB||graphite full‐cell can operate under a wide temperature range from −5 °C to 45 °C. This work highlights the positive impact of electrolyte functionalization on the electrochemical performance, providing a bright future of ether‐based electrolytes application for long‐lasting, wide‐temperature, and high Coulombic efficiency PIBs and beyond.
Highly Efficient One‐pot Electrosynthesis of Oxime Ethers from NOx over Ultrafine MgO Nanoparticles Derived from Mg‐based Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Wang Shihan , Xiang Runan , Liao Peisen , Kang Jiawei , Li Suisheng , Mao Min , Liu Lingmei , Li Guangqin
Published: April 2024

Oxime ethers are attractive compounds in medicinal scaffolds due to the biological and pharmaceutical properties, however, the crucial and widespread step of industrial oxime formation using explosive hydroxylamine (NH2OH) is insecure and troublesome. Herein, we present a convenient method of oxime ether synthesis in a one‐pot tandem electrochemical system using magnesium based metal‐organic framework‐derived magnesium oxide anchoring in self‐supporting carbon nanofiber membrane catalyst (MgO‐SCM), the in situ produced NH2OH from nitrogen oxides electrocatalytic reduction coupled with aldehyde to produce 4‐cyanobenzaldoxime with a selectivity of 93 % and Faraday efficiency up to 65.1 %, which further reacted with benzyl bromide to directly give oxime ether precipitate with a purity of 97 % by convenient filtering separation. The high efficiency was attributed to the ultrafine MgO nanoparticles in MgO‐SCM, effectively inhibiting hydrogen evolution reaction and accelerating the production of NH2OH, which rapidly attacked carbonyl of aldehydes to form oximes, but hardly crossed the hydrogenation barrier of forming amines, thus leading to a high yield of oxime ether when coupling benzyl bromide nucleophilic reaction. This work highlights the importance of kinetic control in complex electrosynthetic organonitrogen system and demonstrates a green and safe alternative method for synthesis of organic nitrogen drug molecules.