bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical investigation of the shear behavior of reinforced ultra‐high‐performance concrete beams
Authors: Bahij Sifatullah , Adekunle Saheed K. , Al‐Osta Mohammed , Ahmad Shamsad , Al‐Dulaijan Salah U. , Rahman Muhammad K.
Published: November 2017

This computational investigation focused on numerical modeling of the shear behavior of ultra‐high‐performance concrete (UHPC) beams reinforced longitudinally with high‐strength rebars and ordinary‐strength steel (stirrups). Nonlinear three‐dimensional finite element model, using the concrete damaged plasticity model and material properties obtained from uniaxial compressive and tensile laboratory tests, was conducted to simulate UHPC concrete beams within a commercial finite element software package ABAQUS 6.13. This investigation included the effects of various parameters; shear span‐to‐effective depth ratio (a/d), volume fraction of steel fibers, Vf, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, ρ, and stirrups spacing, s, on shear behavior of UHPC beams. Numerical results compared with previously obtained experimental results in terms of shear force–midspan deflection and cracking‐propagation behaviors. The results showed that finite element analysis predicted the shear behavior of UHPC beams in good agreement with the experimental data and predicted the response of the beam with variation in various parameters with a good accuracy.
Predictive strength of ready‐mixed concrete: Exemplified using data from the Norwegian market
Authors: Engen Morten , Hendriks Max A. N. , Köhler Jochen , Øverli Jan Arve , Åldstedt Erik , Mørtsell Ernst , Sæter Øyvind , Vigre Roar
Published: November 2017

A hierarchical model for the variability of material properties in ready‐mixed concrete is formulated. The model distinguishes between variation on the batch, recipe, plant, producer, durability class, strength class, and regional standard level. By considering Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood estimators, the contributions from the different hierarchical levels to the variability can be estimated. The methodology is demonstrated by considering more than 14,000 compressive strength recordings from Norwegian ready‐mixed concrete plants. The results suggest that the compressive cube strength of lab‐cured specimens can be represented by a log‐normally distributed variable with mean 1.28fck,cube and coefficient of variation Vc,cube=0.13. Prior parameters for Bayesian updating are given for a range of strength and durability classes. The application of the results is demonstrated in two examples. Since the durability class gives a required maximum water–binder ratio, and the strength of the concrete is governed by the water–binder ratio, the durability class introduces a strength potential if the concrete is subject to strict durability requirements and low‐strength requirements. It is suggested that the designer should specify a strength class that utilizes this strength potential, and it is expected that a closer collaboration between the designer, contractor, and producer will result in improved concrete specifications.
Asymptotic U(1) charges at spatial infinity
Authors: Campiglia Miguel , Eyheralde Rodrigo
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Large gauge symmetries in Minkowski spacetime are often studied in two distinct regimes: either at asymptotic (past or future) times or at spatial infinity. By working in harmonic gauge, we provide a unified description of large gauge symmetries (and their associated charges) that applies to both regimes. At spatial infinity the charges are conserved and interpolate between those defined at the asymptotic past and future. This explains the equality of asymptotic past and future charges, as recently proposed in connection with Weinberg’s soft photon theorem.
Minimal gravity and Frobenius manifolds: bulk correlation on sphere and disk
Authors: Aleshkin Konstantin , Belavin Vladimir , Rim Chaiho
Published: November 2017

Abstract

There are two alternative approaches to the minimal gravity — direct Liouville approach and matrix models. Recently there has been a certain progress in the matrix model approach, growing out of presence of a Frobenius manifold (FM) structure embedded in the theory. The previous studies were mainly focused on the spherical topology. Essentially, it was shown that the action principle of Douglas equation allows to define the free energy and to compute the correlation numbers if the resonance transformations are properly incorporated. The FM structure allows to find the explicit form of the resonance transformation as well as the closed expression for the partition function. In this paper we elaborate on the case of gravitating disk. We focus on the bulk correlators and show that in the similar way as in the closed topology the generating function can be formulated using the set of flat coordinates on the corresponding FM. Moreover, the resonance transformations, which follow from the spherical topology consideration, are exactly those needed to reproduce FZZ result of the Liouville gravity approach.
Constraints on parity violating conformal field theories in d = 3
Authors: Chowdhury Subham Dutta , David Justin R. , Prakash Shiroman
Published: November 2017

Abstract

We derive constraints on three-point functions involving the stress tensor, T, and a conserved U(1) current, j, in 2+1 dimensional conformal field theories that violate parity, using conformal collider bounds introduced by Hofman and Maldacena. Conformal invariance allows parity-odd tensor-structures for the 〈T T T〉 and 〈jjT〉 correlation functions which are unique to three space-time dimensions. Let the parameters which determine the 〈T T T〉 correlation function be t
4 and α

T
, where α

T
is the parity-violating contribution. Similarly let the parameters which determine 〈jjT〉 correlation function be a
2, and α

J
, where α

J
is the parity-violating contribution. We show that the parameters (t
4, α

T
) and (a2, α
J
) are bounded to lie inside a disc at the origin of the t
4 - α

T
plane and the a
2 - α

J
plane respectively. We then show that large N Chern-Simons theories coupled to a fundamental fermion/boson lie on the circle which bounds these discs. The ‘t Hooft coupling determines the location of these theories on the boundary circles.
New BPS Wilson loops in $$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$ circular quiver Chern-Simons-matter theories
Authors: Mauri Andrea , Penati Silvia , Zhang Jia-ju
Published: November 2017

Abstract

We construct new families of 1/4 BPS Wilson loops in circular quiver

$$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$

N
=
4

superconformal Chern-Simons-matter (SCSM) theories in three dimensions. They are defined as the holonomy of superconnections that contain non-trivial couplings to scalar and fermions, and cannot be reduced to block-diagonal matrices. Consequently, the new operators cannot be written in terms of double-node Wilson loops, as the ones considered so far in the literature. For particular values of the couplings the superconnection becomes block-diagonal and we recover the known fermionic 1/4 and 1/2 BPS Wilson loops. The new operators are cohomologically equivalent to bosonic 1/4 BPS Wilson loops and are then amenable of exact evaluation via localization techniques. Moreover, in the case of orbifold ABJM theory we identify the corresponding gravity duals for some of the 1/4 and 1/2 BPS Wilson loops.
Generalised kinematics for double field theory
Authors: Freidel Laurent , Rudolph Felix J. , Svoboda David
Published: November 2017

Abstract

We formulate a kinematical extension of Double Field Theory on a 2d-dimensional para-Hermitian manifold

$$ \left(\mathcal{P},\eta, \omega \right) $$

P
η
ω

where the O(d, d) metric η is supplemented by an almost symplectic two-form ω. Together η and ω define an almost bi-Lagrangian structure K which provides a splitting of the tangent bundle

$$ T\mathcal{P}=L\oplus \tilde{L} $$

T
P
=
L
⊕

L
˜

into two Lagrangian sub-spaces. In this paper a canonical connection and a corresponding generalised Lie derivative for the Leibniz algebroid on

$$ T\mathcal{P} $$

T
P

are constructed. We find integrability conditions under which the symmetry algebra closes for general η and ω, even if they are not flat and constant. This formalism thus provides a generalisation of the kinematical structure of Double Field Theory. We also show that this formalism allows one to reconcile and unify Double Field Theory with Generalised Geometry which is thoroughly discussed.
Final-state QED multipole radiation in antenna parton showers
Authors: Kleiss Ronald , Verheyen Rob
Published: November 2017

Abstract

We present a formalism for a fully coherent QED parton shower. The complete multipole structure of photonic radiation is incorporated in a single branching kernel. The regular on-shell 2 → 3 kinematic picture is kept intact by dividing the radiative phase space into sectors, allowing for a definition of the ordering variable that is similar to QCD antenna showers. A modified version of the Sudakov veto algorithm is discussed that increases performance at the cost of the introduction of weighted events. Due to the absence of a soft singularity, the formalism for photon splitting is very similar to the QCD analogon of gluon splitting. However, since no color structure is available to guide the selection of a spectator, a weighted selection procedure from all available spectators is introduced.
Thermal quarkonium physics in the pseudoscalar channel
Authors: Burnier Y. , Ding H.-T. , Kaczmarek O. , Kruse A.-L. , Laine M. , Ohno H. , Sandmeyer H.
Published: December 2017

Abstract

The pseudoscalar correlator is an ideal lattice probe for thermal modifications to quarkonium spectra, given that it is not compromised by a contribution from a large transport peak. We construct a perturbative spectral function incorporating resummed thermal effects around the threshold and vacuum asymptotics above the threshold, and compare the corresponding imaginary-time correlators with continuum-extrapolated lattice data for quenched SU(3) at several temperatures. Modest differences are observed, which may originate from non-perturbative mass shifts or renormalization factors, however no resonance peaks are needed for describing the quenched lattice data for charmonium at and above T ∼ 1.1T
c ∼ 350 MeV. For comparison, in the bottomonium case a good description of the lattice data is obtained with a spectral function containing a single thermally broadened resonance peak.
Evaluation of Resources Necessary for Provision of Trauma Care in Botswana: An Initiative for a Local System
Authors: Mwandri Michael B. , Hardcastle Timothy C.
Published: November 2017

Background

Developing countries face the highest incidence of trauma, and on the other hand, they do not have resources for mitigating the scourge of these injuries. The World Health Organization through the Essential Trauma Care (ETC) project provides recommendations for improving management of the injured and building up of systems that are effective in low–middle‐income countries (LMICs). This study uses ETC project recommendations and other trauma‐care guidelines to evaluate the current status of the resources and organizational structures necessary for optimal trauma care in Botswana; an African country with relatively good health facilities network, subsidized public hospital care and a functioning Motor Vehicle Accident fund covering road traffic collision victims.

Method

A cross‐sectional descriptive design employed convenience sampling for recruiting high‐volume trauma hospitals and selecting candidates. A questionnaire, checklist, and physical verification of resources were utilized to evaluate resources, staff knowledge, and organization‐of‐care and hospital capabilities. Results are provided in plain descriptive language to demonstrate the findings.

Results

Necessary consumables, good infrastructure, adequate numbers of personnel and rehabilitation services were identified all meeting or exceeding ETC recommendations. Deficiencies were noted in staff knowledge of initial trauma care, district hospital capability to provide essential surgery, and the organization of trauma care.

Conclusion

The good level of resources available in Botswana may be used to improve trauma care: To further this process, more empowering of high‐volume trauma hospitals by adopting trauma‐care recommendations and inclusive trauma‐system approaches are desirable. The use of successful examples on enhanced surgical skills and capabilities, effective trauma‐care resource management, and leadership should be encouraged.
Metacontingency in pairs of fish (Melanotaenia boesemani): A proposedsetup to investigate cultural selection
Authors: Couto de Carvalho Lucas
Published: November 2017

La metacontingencia es una herramienta conceptual que permite a los analistas de la conducta estudiar los procesos conductuales a nivelcultural. La mayoría de los estudios sobre metacontingencias abordan la conducta cooperativa en humanos. Sin embargo Skinner (1962) propusoalgunas configuraciones experimentales para el estudio de la cooperación utilizando palomas, que han sido seguidas por otros investigadores. Estetrabajo fue dise˜nado para presentar una configuración que permita a los investigadores estudiar metacontingencias utilizando peces como sujetos.Adicionalmente se presentará un estudio piloto. Los resultados de la prueba piloto podrían indicar que un producto agregado emitido por los paresde peces puede moldearse y mantenerse por sus consecuencias. Esto fortalece la generalidad del concepto de metacontingencia, demostrando queéste puede describer selección cultural en sujetos no humanos.© 2017 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Asociación Mexicana de Comportamiento y Salud. Este es un artículo Open Access bajo lalicencia CC BY-NC-ND (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Basic Practical Skills in Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Authors: Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
Published: November 2017

This handbook is designed to introduce trainee obstetricians and gynaecologists to safe surgical techniques and obstetric skills in a structured workshop environment. It is the course manual for the Basic Practical Skills in Obstetrics and Gynaecology course offered by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, successful completion of which is mandatory to obtain an ST3 post. The manual consists of modules covering basic open general surgical techniques (such as instrument handling, suturing and knot tying); basic obstetric skills (such as pelvic anatomy, instrumental delivery and shoulder dystocia); and basic gynaecological procedures, including hysteroscopy and laparoscopy. This revised and fully updated edition is in line with the latest course, and includes new sections on human factors and basic ultrasound. The course and the manual provide a valuable early step towards building safe and sound surgical and obstetric skills, giving trainees a firm foundation for their future careers in obstetrics and gynaecology.
On the dimension of triangular self-affine sets
Authors: BÁRÁNY BALÁZS , RAMS MICHAŁ , SIMON KÁROLY
Published: November 2017

As a continuation of a recent work [Bárányet al, On the dimension of self-affine sets and measures with overlaps.Proc. Amer. Math. Soc.144(2016) 4427–4440] of the same authors, in this note we study the dimension theory of diagonally homogeneous triangular planar self-affine iterated function systems.
The steady motion of a closely fitting vesicle in a tube
Authors: Barakat Joseph M. , Shaqfeh Eric S. G.
Published: November 2017

A singular perturbation theory is developed for the steady, inertialess motion of a lipid-bilayer vesicle flowing through a narrow tube. The vesicle is treated as a sac of fluid enclosed by an inextensible membrane that admits a bending stiffness. Matched asymptotic expansions are developed in terms of a clearance parameter $\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}\ll 1$ in order to calculate the flow field and vesicle shape. Mild restrictions are applied to the ratio of viscosities $\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}$ and the ratio of bending stresses to viscous stresses $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$; in particular, the theory holds for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}=o(\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}^{-1/2})$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}=O(\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}^{-1})$. The ratio of the vesicle length to the tube radius $\ell$ is included as a parameter and asymptotic solutions in the limit of negligible bending stiffness are developed for long, cylindrical vesicles and short, spherical vesicles. The main result of the theory is a prediction for the vesicle speed and extra pressure drop due to the presence of the vesicle in the tube. The effects of confinement, vesicle length, and membrane bending elasticity are examined. The theoretical predictions show good agreement with experimental measurements reported for vesicles and red blood cells in highly confined channel flow. Previously reported models for red blood cells (Secomb et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 163, 1986, pp. 405–423; Halpern & Secomb, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 203, 1989, pp. 381–400) are clarified and extended in light of the new theory.
Inertial settling of a sphere through an interface. Part 2. Sphere and tail dynamics
Authors: Pierson Jean-Lou , Magnaudet Jacques
Published: November 2017

Selected situations in which a rigid sphere settles through a two-layer system obtained by superimposing two immiscible Newtonian fluids are studied using a combination of experiments and direct numerical simulations. By varying the viscosity of the two fluids and the sphere size and inertia, the flow conditions cover situations driven by capillary and viscous effects, in which case the sphere detaches slowly from the interface and may even rise for a period of time, as well as highly inertial cases where its motion is barely affected by the interface and essentially reacts to the change in the fluid viscosity and density. The evolutions of the sphere velocity, effective drag force and entrained volume of upper fluid are analysed. In most cases considered here, this entrained volume first takes the form of an axisymmetric tail which elongates as time proceeds until it pinches off at some point. We examine the post-pinch-off dynamics of this tail under various conditions. When the viscosity of the lower fluid is comparable or larger than that of the upper one, an end-pinching process initiated near the initial pinch-off position develops and propagates along the tail, gradually transforming it into a series of primary and satellite drops; the size of the former is correctly predicted by the linear stability theory. In contrast, when the lower fluid is much less viscous than the upper one, the tail recedes without pinching off again. During a certain stage of the process, the tip velocity keeps a constant value which is significantly underpredicted by the classical Taylor–Culick model. An improved theoretical prediction, shown to agree well with observations, is obtained by incorporating buoyancy effects resulting from the density difference between the two fluids. Spheres with large enough inertia settling in a low-viscosity lower fluid are found to exhibit specific tail dynamics prefiguring wake fragmentation. Indeed, an interfacial instability quickly develops near the top of the sphere, resulting in the formation of thin axisymmetric corollas surrounding the central part of the tail and propagating upwards. A simplified inviscid model considering the role of the boundary layer around the tail and including surface tension effects is found to predict correctly the characteristics of the observed instability which turns out to be governed by the Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism.
Flow separation control behind a cylindrical bump using dielectric-barrier-discharge vortex generator plasma actuators
Authors: Vernet Julie A. , Örlü Ramis , Alfredsson P. Henrik
Published: November 2017

Dielectric-barrier-discharge plasma actuators are arranged to produce counter-rotating streamwise vortices to control flow separation on a cylindrical bump on a flat plate that is approached by a turbulent boundary layer. The control was tested for different free-stream velocities and actuation driving voltages. The recirculation area downstream of the bump was reduced by the actuation for velocities up to $15~\text{m}~\text{s}^{-1}$ at the highest voltage achievable of the present set-up. However, the flow shows a bi-modality, the nominal two-dimensional wake flow is shown to consist of large-scale streamwise vortices, which are energised by the actuation until a phenomenon of lock-on of these vortices occurs at sufficiently high driving voltages. The wavelength of the actuation is half that of the large-scale vortices. The lock-on shifts sometimes, i.e. the large streamwise vortices centre switch spanwise location, explaining the bi-modality in the flow. The details of the bi-modality are further investigated by conditional averaging and proper orthogonal decomposition.
Oral Hygiene Therapy Assists in Behavioural Intervention for Smoking Cessation: A Pilot Approach for Oral Health Care Providers
Authors: Furgeson Danielle , Wang Chin-Wei (Jeff)
Published: November 2017

Introduction: Behavioural dependency, such as oral and hand fixation, can hinder cessation efforts when nicotine replacement therapy is used as a stand-alone intervention. We here present a case report of one of several patients who has successfully achieved smoking cessation utilizing oral hygiene therapy (OHT).

Case description: The patient is a 52-year-old male with a 25-year smoking habit of two packs daily. Previous attempts at smoking cessation were unsuccessful with various nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs). After introducing interdental cleaning device and modifying tooth-brushing techniques during oral hygiene therapy, the patient reported frequent use of toothpaste and using the device to satisfy his oral-hand fixation to successfully quit smoking.

Conclusion: Oral hygiene therapy may enhance smoking cessation in select patients who are more behavioural dependent than nicotine dependent. Future studies are needed to develop evidence-based individualized intervention to include OHT as part of the interdisciplinary approach for smoking cessation.
Influence of parasite load on the diagnosis and occurrence of eosinophilia in alcoholic patients infected withStrongyloides stercoralis
Authors: Silva M.L.S. , Inês E.J. , Souza J.N. , Souza A.B.S. , Dias V.M.S. , Oliveira L.N. , Guimarães C.M. , Menezes E.R. , Barbosa L.G. , Alves M.C.M. , Teixeira M.C.A. , Soares N.M.
Published: November 2017

Alcoholic patients are more susceptible toStrongyloides stercoralisinfection. The chronic use of alcohol raises the levels of endogenous corticosteroids, which regulates the development of larvae and stimulates the differentiation of rhabditiform into infective filariform larvae, thus inducing internal autoinfection. Therefore, early diagnosis is important to prevent severe strongyloidiasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of parasitological methods, according to the parasite load and the number of stool samples, for diagnosis ofS. stercoralisinfection, as well the peripheral blood eosinophil count in alcoholic patients. A total of 330 patients were included in this study. The diagnosis was established using three parasitological methods: agar plate culture, Baermann–Moraes method and spontaneous sedimentation. Peripheral eosinophilia was considered when the level was >600 eosinophils/mm3. The agar plate culture (APC) had the highest sensitivity (97.3%). However, the analysis of multiple samples increased the sensitivity of all parasitological methods. The sensitivities of the methods were influenced by the parasite load. When the larval number was above 10, the sensitivity of APC was 100%, while in spontaneous sedimentation the sensitivity reached 100% when the larval number was above 50. In the present study, 15.4% of alcoholic patients infected withS. stercoralis(12/78) had increased peripheral blood eosinophil count (above 600 eosinophils/mm3). For an efficient parasitological diagnosis ofS. stercoralisinfection in alcoholic patients, repeated examination by two parasitological methods must be recommended, including agar plate culture due to its higher sensitivity. Moreover,S. stercoralisinfection was associated with eosinophilia, mostly in patients excreting up to 10 larvae/g faeces.
Ethnic disparities in the dietary requirement for vitamin D during pregnancy: considerations for nutrition policy and research
Authors: O'Callaghan Karen M. , Kiely Mairead E.
Published: November 2017

Despite the inverse association between skin colour and efficiency of cutaneous vitamin D synthesis, in addition to the widely accepted racial disparity in vitamin D status, populations of ethnic minority are understudied in terms of setting target serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and corresponding dietary requirements for vitamin D. In minority groups, prevention of vitamin D deficiency on a population basis is challenging due to the lack of clarity surrounding the metabolism and transport of vitamin D. Authoritative agencies have been unable to define pregnancy-specific dietary recommendations for vitamin D, owing to an absence of sufficient evidence to confirm whether nutritional requirements for vitamin D are altered during pregnancy. While the question of setting race- and pregnancy-specific dietary reference values for vitamin D has not been addressed to date, endemic vitamin D deficiency has been reported among gravidae worldwide, specifically among ethnic minorities and white women resident at high latitude. In light of the increased risk of nutritional rickets among infants of ethnic minority, coupled with growing evidence for potential non-skeletal roles of vitamin D in perinatal health, determination of the dietary vitamin D requirement that will prevent deficiency during pregnancy is a research priority. However, systematic approaches to establishing dietary requirements are limited by the quality of the available evidence and the under-representation of minority groups in clinical research. This review considers the evidence for racial differences in vitamin D status and response to vitamin D supplementation, with particular application to pregnancy-specific requirements among ethnic minorities resident at high latitudes.
The Pursuit of Social Welfare
Authors: Kruks-Wisner Gabrielle
Published: December 2017

Who makes claims on the state for social welfare, and how and why do they do so? This article examines these dynamics in the rural Indian context, observing that citizens living in the same local communities differ dramatically in their approaches to the state. The author develops a theory to explain these varied patterns of action and inaction, arguing that citizen claim-making is best understood as a product of exposure to people and places beyond the immediate community and locality. This social and spatial exposure builds citizens’ encounters with, knowledge of, and linkages to the state. This in turn develops their aspirations toward the state and their capabilities for state-targeted action. The author tests the theory in rural Rajasthan, drawing on a combination of original survey data and qualitative interviews. She finds that those who traverse boundaries of caste, neighborhood, and village are more likely to make claims on the state, and that they do so through broader repertoires of action than those who are more constrained by the same boundaries. The article concludes by considering the extensions and limitations of the theory and the role of the state itself in establishing the terrain for citizen action.
Generalised Theory on the Effects of Sampling Frequency on GNSS Code Tracking
Authors: Tran Vinh T. , Shivaramaiah Nagaraj C. , Nguyen Thuan D. , Cheong Joon W. , Glennon Eamonn P. , Dempster Andrew G.
Published: November 2017

Synchronisation of the received Pseudorandom (PRN) code and its locally generated replica is fundamental when estimating user position in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers. It has been observed through experiments that user position accuracy decreases if sampling frequency is an integer multiple of the nominal code rate. This paper provides an accuracy analysis based on the number of samples and the residual code phase of each code chip. The outcomes reveal that the distribution of residual code phases in the code phase range [0, 1/ns), where ns is the number of samples per code chip, is the root cause of accuracy degradation, rather than the ratio between sampling frequency and nominal code rate. Doppler frequencies, coherent integration periods, front-end filter bandwidths and received Carrier to Noise ratios (C/N0) also influence receiver accuracy. Also provided are a sampling frequency selection guideline and new proposed estimates of the correlation output and the Delay Locked Loop (DLL) tracking error, which can be applied to precisely model GNSS receiver baseband signal processing.
Enhanced Kalman Filter using Noisy Input Gaussian Process Regression for Bridging GPS Outages in a POS
Authors: Ye Wen , Liu Zhanchao , Li Chi , Fang Jiancheng
Published: November 2017

A Position and Orientation System (POS) integrating an Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) and the Global Positioning System (GPS) is a key component of remote sensing motion compensation. It can provide reliable and high-frequency high-precision motion information using a Kalman Filter (KF) during GPS availability. However, the performance of a POS significantly degrades during GPS outages. To maintain reliable POS outputs, this paper proposes a new hybrid predictor based on modelling the nonlinear time-series data-driven INS-errors using Noisy Input Gaussian Process Regression (NIGPR), which takes the input noise into account. The proposed approach is used to learn the nonlinear INS-errors model when GPS signals are available. When GPS outages occur, it starts to predict the observation measurement, and then feeds it to a KF as a virtual update to estimate all the INS errors. The proposed approach is verified in a real airplane, which combines a POS and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). Experimental results show that the proposed approach significantly improves the performance of the POS, with improvements more than 90% better than a KF and 10% better than a Gaussian Process Regression (GPR/KF) combination during various GPS outages.
Divine Hiddenness: Defeated Evidence
Authors: Anderson Charity
Published: November 2017

This paper challenges a common assumption in the literature concerning the problem of divine hiddenness, namely, that the following are inconsistent: God's making available adequate evidence for belief that he exists and the existence of non-culpable nonbelievers. It draws on the notions of defeated evidence and glimpses to depict the complexity of our evidential situation with respect to God's existence.
Copy Number Variants and Exome Sequencing Analysis in Six Pairs of Chinese Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Xu Yuejuan , Li Tingting , Pu Tian , Cao Ruixue , Long Fei , Chen Sun , Sun Kun , Xu Rang
Published: December 2017

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common birth defects. More than 200 susceptibility loci have been identified for CHDs, yet a large part of the genetic risk factors remain unexplained. Monozygotic (MZ) twins are thought to be completely genetically identical; however, discordant phenotypes have been found in MZ twins. Recent studies have demonstrated genetic differences between MZ twins. We aimed to test whether copy number variants (CNVs) and/or genetic mutation differences play a role in the etiology of CHDs by using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping arrays and whole exome sequencing of twin pairs discordant for CHDs. Our goal was to identify mutations present only in the affected twins, which could identify novel candidates for CHD susceptibility loci. We present a comprehensive analysis for the CNVs and genetic mutation results of the selected individuals but detected no consistent differences within the twin pairs. Our study confirms that chromosomal structure or genetic mutation differences do not seem to play a role in the MZ twins discordant for CHD.
Cross-Informant Disagreement on Behavioral Symptoms in Adolescent	Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Its Impact on Treatment	Effects
Authors: Hennig Timo , Schramm Satyam Antonio , Linderkamp Friedrich
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In assessing adolescent behavior difficulties, parents, teachers, and the adolescents themselves are key informants. However, substantial disagreement has been found between informants. Specifically, children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) tend to overestimate their competencies, also known as “positive (illusionary) bias.” This study compared parent, teacher, and adolescent ratings of ADHD and other behavioral symptoms in a sample of 114 adolescents with ADHD. Further, the effect of cross-informant disagreement (CID) on treatment outcomes was investigated in a subsample of 54 adolescents who had undergone a training and coaching intervention. Overall, there was moderate agreement among informants. Parent and adolescent ratings were more strongly correlated with each other than with teacher ratings. The strongest discrepancy was found between teacher and adolescent ratings on prosocial behavior. This discrepancy explained 12% of the variance in parent-rated ADHD symptom severity after the intervention. The treatment was less effective in participants with high teacher-adolescent disagreement on prosocial behavior (d = 0.41) than with low disagreement (d = 0.98). These findings suggest that professionals working with adolescents with ADHD should consider multiple sources of information before initiating treatment and pay attention to cross-informant disagreements because these may indicate a risk of diminished treatment effects.
Callous-Unemotional Traits in Children and	Adolescents
Authors: Carvalho Marina , Faria Miguel , Conceição Andreia , de Matos Margarida Gaspar , Essau Cecilia A.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The Inventory of Callous and Unemotional Traits (ICU) was developed to measure callous-unemotional (CU) psychopathic traits in children and adolescents. Studies that have examined the factor structure of ICU showed considerable controversy. The aim of this study was to examine the factor structure and psychometric proprieties of the Portuguese translation of the ICU. A total of 1,011 children and adolescents (495 boys and 516 girls), mean age of 13.36 years, participated in this study. Exploratory factor analysis produced two factors: uncaring and callousness; Cronbach’s α for each of the factor was .83 and .79 for the total score. Significant main gender and interaction between gender and age effects were found; girls reported lower CU traits than boys; children reported higher CU traits compared to preadolescents and adolescents, particularly in boys. CU also correlated with emotional symptoms, conduct problems, and psychosocial impairment. Furthermore, CU traits related to conduct problems both in boys and in girls, although this relationship was higher for boys. To conclude, findings of the present study showed that the Portuguese version of the ICU seems to be a reliable and valid instrument to assess CU traits among children and adolescents in Portugal. However, the original 3-factor model was not supported.
A New Model Yields a Better Picture of Methane Fluxes
Authors: Thompson Elizabeth
Published: November 2017

Scientists update an old model with recent findings, allowing for a more accurate understanding of methane dynamics in wetlands.
The enigmatic SAR202 cluster up close: shedding light on a globally distributed dark ocean lineage involved in sulfur cycling
Authors: Mehrshad Maliheh , Rodriguez-Valera Francisco , Amoozegar Mohammad Ali , López-García Purificación , Ghai Rohit
Published: November 2017

The dark ocean microbiota represents the unknown majority in the global ocean waters. The SAR202 cluster belonging to the phylum Chloroflexi was the first microbial lineage discovered to specifically inhabit the aphotic realm, where they are abundant and globally distributed. The absence of SAR202 cultured representatives is a significant bottleneck towards understanding their metabolic capacities and role in the marine environment. In this work, we use a combination of metagenome-assembled genomes from deep-sea datasets and publicly available single-cell genomes to construct a genomic perspective of SAR202 phylogeny, metabolism and biogeography. Our results suggest that SAR202 cluster members are medium sized, free-living cells with a heterotrophic lifestyle, broadly divided into two distinct clades. We present the first evidence of vertical stratification of these microbes along the meso- and bathypelagic ocean layers. Remarkably, two distinct species of SAR202 cluster are highly abundant in nearly all deep bathypelagic metagenomic datasets available so far. SAR202 members metabolize multiple organosulfur compounds, many appear to be sulfite-oxidizers and are predicted to play a major role in sulfur turnover in the dark water column. This concomitantly suggests an unsuspected availability of these nutrient sources to allow for the high abundance of these microbes in the deep sea.
Interleukin-13 receptor alpha 2 cooperates with EGFRvIII signaling to promote glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Newman Jennifer P. , Wang Grace Y. , Arima Kazuhiko , Guan Shou P. , Waters Michael R. , Cavenee Webster K. , Pan Edward , Aliwarga Edita , Chong Siao T. , Kok Catherine Y. L. , Endaya Berwini B. , Habib Amyn A. , Horibe Tomohisa , Ng Wai H. , Ho Ivy A. W. , Hui Kam M. , Kordula Tomasz , Lam Paula Y. P.
Published: November 2017

The interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 (IL-13Rα2) is a cancer-associated receptor overexpressed in human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). This receptor is undetectable in normal brain which makes it a highly suitable target for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. However, the pathological role of this receptor in GBM remains to be established. Here we report that IL-13Rα2 alone induces invasiveness of human GBM cells without affecting their proliferation. In contrast, in the presence of the mutant EGFR (EGFRvIII), IL-13Rα2 promotes GBM cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the cytoplasmic domain of IL-13Rα2 specifically binds to EGFRvIII, and this binding upregulates the tyrosine kinase activity of EGFRvIII and activates the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and STAT3 pathways. Our findings support the “To Go or To Grow” hypothesis whereby IL-13Rα2 serves as a molecular switch from invasion to proliferation, and suggest that targeting both receptors with STAT3 signaling inhibitor might be a therapeutic approach for the treatment of GBM.
Harnessing heterogeneous nucleation to control tin orientations in electronic interconnections
Authors: Ma Z. L. , Belyakov S. A. , Sweatman K. , Nishimura T. , Nishimura T. , Gourlay C. M.
Published: November 2017

While many aspects of electronics manufacturing are controlled with great precision, the nucleation of tin in solder joints is currently left to chance. This leads to a widely varying melt undercooling and different crystal orientations in each joint, which results in a different resistance to electromigration, thermomechanical fatigue, and other failure modes in each joint. Here we identify a family of nucleants for tin, prove their effectiveness using a novel droplet solidification technique, and demonstrate an approach to incorporate the nucleants into solder joints to control the orientation of the tin nucleation event. With this approach, it is possible to change tin nucleation from a stochastic to a deterministic process, and to generate single-crystal joints with their c-axis orientation tailored to best combat a selected failure mode.
Complete 3-Qubit Grover search on a programmable quantum computer
Authors: Figgatt C. , Maslov D. , Landsman K. A. , Linke N. M. , Debnath S. , Monroe C.
Published: November 2017

The Grover quantum search algorithm is a hallmark application of a quantum computer with a well-known speedup over classical searches of an unsorted database. Here, we report results for a complete three-qubit Grover search algorithm using the scalable quantum computing technology of trapped atomic ions, with better-than-classical performance. Two methods of state marking are used for the oracles: a phase-flip method employed by other experimental demonstrations, and a Boolean method requiring an ancilla qubit that is directly equivalent to the state marking scheme required to perform a classical search. We also report the deterministic implementation of a Toffoli-4 gate, which is used along with Toffoli-3 gates to construct the algorithms; these gates have process fidelities of 70.5% and 89.6%, respectively.
Dendrogenin A drives LXR to trigger lethal autophagy in cancers
Authors: Segala Gregory , David Marion , de Medina Philippe , Poirot Mathias C. , Serhan Nizar , Vergez François , Mougel Aurelie , Saland Estelle , Carayon Kevin , Leignadier Julie , Caron Nicolas , Voisin Maud , Cherier Julia , Ligat Laetitia , Lopez Frederic , Noguer Emmanuel , Rives Arnaud , Payré Bruno , Saati Talal al , Lamaziere Antonin , Despres Gaëtan , Lobaccaro Jean-Marc , Baron Silvere , Demur Cecile , de Toni Fabienne , Larrue Clément , Boutzen Helena , Thomas Fabienne , Sarry Jean-Emmanuel , Tosolini Marie , Picard Didier , Record Michel , Récher Christian , Poirot Marc , Silvente-Poirot Sandrine
Published: November 2017

Dendrogenin A (DDA) is a newly discovered cholesterol metabolite with tumor suppressor properties. Here, we explored its efficacy and mechanism of cell death in melanoma and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We found that DDA induced lethal autophagy in vitro and in vivo, including primary AML patient samples, independently of melanoma Braf status or AML molecular and cytogenetic classifications. DDA is a partial agonist on liver-X-receptor (LXR) increasing Nur77, Nor1, and LC3 expression leading to autolysosome formation. Moreover, DDA inhibited the cholesterol biosynthesizing enzyme 3β-hydroxysterol-Δ8,7-isomerase (D8D7I) leading to sterol accumulation and cooperating in autophagy induction. This mechanism of death was not observed with other LXR ligands or D8D7I inhibitors establishing DDA selectivity. The potent anti-tumor activity of DDA, its original mechanism of action and its low toxicity support its clinical evaluation. More generally, this study reveals that DDA can direct control a nuclear receptor to trigger lethal autophagy in cancers.
A Paleocene penguin from New Zealand substantiates multiple origins of gigantism in fossil Sphenisciformes
Authors: Mayr Gerald , Scofield R. Paul , De Pietri Vanesa L. , Tennyson Alan J. D.
Published: November 2017

One of the notable features of penguin evolution is the occurrence of very large species in the early Cenozoic, whose body size greatly exceeded that of the largest extant penguins. Here we describe a new giant species from the late Paleocene of New Zealand that documents the very early evolution of large body size in penguins. Kumimanu biceae, n. gen. et sp. is larger than all other fossil penguins that have substantial skeletal portions preserved. Several plesiomorphic features place the new species outside a clade including all post-Paleocene giant penguins. It is phylogenetically separated from giant Eocene and Oligocene penguin species by various smaller taxa, which indicates multiple origins of giant size in penguin evolution. That a penguin rivaling the largest previously known species existed in the Paleocene suggests that gigantism in penguins arose shortly after these birds became flightless divers. Our study therefore strengthens previous suggestions that the absence of very large penguins today is likely due to the Oligo-Miocene radiation of marine mammals.
Three distinct developmental pathways for adaptive and two IFN-γ-producing γδ T subsets in adult thymus
Authors: Buus Terkild Brink , Ødum Niels , Geisler Carsten , Lauritsen Jens Peter Holst
Published: November 2017

Murine γδ T cells include subsets that are programmed for distinct effector functions during their development in the thymus. Under pathological conditions, different γδ T cell subsets can be protective or can exacerbate a disease. Here we show that CD117, CD200 and CD371, together with other markers, identify seven developmental stages of γδ T cells. These seven stages can be divided into three distinct developmental pathways that are enriched for different TCRδ repertoires and exhibit characteristic expression patterns associated with adaptive (γδTn), IFN-γ-producing (γδT1) and IFN-γ/IL-4-co-producing γδ T cells (γδNKT). Developmental progression towards both IFN-γ-producing subsets can be induced by TCR signalling, and each pathway results in thymic emigration at a different stage. Finally, we show that γδT1 cells are the predominating IFN-γ-producing subset developing in the adult thymus. Thus, this study maps out three distinct development pathways that result in the programming of γδTn, γδT1 and γδNKT cells.
Lysosomal integral membrane protein-2 as a phospholipid receptor revealed by biophysical and cellular studies
Authors: Conrad Karen S. , Cheng Ting-Wen , Ysselstein Daniel , Heybrock Saskia , Hoth Lise R. , Chrunyk Boris A. , am Ende Christopher W. , Krainc Dimitri , Schwake Michael , Saftig Paul , Liu Shenping , Qiu Xiayang , Ehlers Michael D.
Published: November 2017

Lysosomal integral membrane protein-2 (LIMP-2/SCARB2) contributes to endosomal and lysosomal function. LIMP-2 deficiency is associated with neurological abnormalities and kidney failure and, as an acid glucocerebrosidase receptor, impacts Gaucher and Parkinson’s diseases. Here we report a crystal structure of a LIMP-2 luminal domain dimer with bound cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine. Binding of these lipids alters LIMP-2 from functioning as a glucocerebrosidase-binding monomer toward a dimeric state that preferentially binds anionic phosphatidylserine over neutral phosphatidylcholine. In cellular uptake experiments, LIMP-2 facilitates transport of phospholipids into murine fibroblasts, with a strong substrate preference for phosphatidylserine. Taken together, these biophysical and cellular studies define the structural basis and functional importance of a form of LIMP-2 for lipid trafficking. We propose a model whereby switching between monomeric and dimeric forms allows LIMP-2 to engage distinct binding partners, a mechanism that may be shared by SR-BI and CD36, scavenger receptor proteins highly homologous to LIMP-2.
Random access quantum information processors using multimode circuit quantum electrodynamics
Authors: Naik R. K. , Leung N. , Chakram S. , Groszkowski Peter , Lu Y. , Earnest N. , McKay D. C. , Koch Jens , Schuster D. I.
Published: November 2017

Qubit connectivity is an important property of a quantum processor, with an ideal processor having random access—the ability of arbitrary qubit pairs to interact directly. This a challenge with superconducting circuits, as state-of-the-art architectures rely on only nearest-neighbor coupling. Here, we implement a random access superconducting quantum information processor, demonstrating universal operations on a nine-qubit memory, with a Josephson junction transmon circuit serving as the central processor. The quantum memory uses the eigenmodes of a linear array of coupled superconducting resonators. We selectively stimulate vacuum Rabi oscillations between the transmon and individual eigenmodes through parametric flux modulation of the transmon frequency. Utilizing these oscillations, we perform a universal set of quantum gates on 38 arbitrary pairs of modes and prepare multimode entangled states, all using only two control lines. We thus achieve hardware-efficient random access multi-qubit control in an architecture compatible with long-lived microwave cavity-based quantum memories.