bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Research on Recycling Treatment Process of Citrate Wastewater
Authors: Wang Juan , Fan Ling Fei , Fan Di
Published: December 2012

Researching on the feasibility of citrate wastewater recycling treatment, the combined treatment methods of coagulation and filtration were adopted in the recycling treatment process of citrate wastewater from secondary biological treatment effluents. Meanwhile the ferric salt and water treatment processor were used as the coagulant and filtration equipment respectively. The experiments of coagulant addition, hydraulic retention time, the volume ratio of compounded filtering materials, aeration intensity were taken respectively. The final experimental results demonstrated that at the ferric salt addition of 36 mg/L, hydraulic retention time of 40 min, the volume ratio of biological fibred ball / biological carbon and the ratio of water/gas were 1:2 and 1:6 respectively, 81.3% of COD was removed, from179.2mg/L down to33.6 mg/L and 96.7% of SS was removed, from 152.7mg/L down to below 5mg/L. The effluent of the citrate wastewater recycling treatment process with coagulation + water treatment processor could meet the National standard of Recycling and Miscellaneous usages of Municipal Sewage on COD and SS requirements.
Oxidation of Phenol by Persulfate Activated with UV-Light and Ag+
Authors: Sun De Dong , Zheng Huan , Xue Wen Ping
Published: December 2012

Phenol degradation with a UV/Ag+/K2S2O8 advanced oxidation process (AOP) was studied in a batch photolytic reactor. The UV irradiation source was a low-pressure mercury vapor lamp that was axially centered and was immersed in the phenol solution. In the UV/ K2S2O8 and Ag+/K2S2O8 system, the degradation of phenol was inefficient with an low concentration K2S2O8 at ambient temperature, and only around 26% and 23%of the phenol was degraded in 3 h , respectively. In the UV/Ag+/K2S2O8 oxidation process, persulfate (S2O82-) was activated by UV irradiation and Ag+ catalysis to produce powerful oxidants, SO4– •.The effects of K2S2O8 concentration, UV irradiation time and Ag+ concentration on the oxidation had been investigated. The experimental results indicated that optimum K2S2O8 concentration was 0.37mmol/L, and Ag+ concentration was 0.185 mmol/L. Phenol and chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction was analyzed to determine the efficiency of the UV/Ag+/K2S2O8 process in mineralization, where we obtained 77% phenol reduction, and 65% COD reduction, respectively . The efficient mineralization of phenol is based on the in situ formation of the strong oxidant sulfate anion radical.
Effects of Simulated Acid Rain and Aluminum Enrichment on Growth and Photosynthesis of Tea Seedlings
Authors: Duan Xiao Hua , Hu Xiao Fei , Chen Fu Sheng , Deng Ze Yuan
Published: December 2012

The effects of simulated acid rain and aluminum (Al) addition on growth and photosynthesis physiology of tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.) were studied with tea seedlings in a hydroculture experiment. Results showed that the growth of tea plant, chlorophyll content, and photosynthesis (Pn) of tea leaves were better in the treatments of suitable Al addition (10 mg/L and/or 20 mg/L) than the treatments without Al addition and higher Al addition (30 mg/L). The growth of tea plant increased with increasing acidity of acid rain, while the leaves of tea plant showed more chlorophyll content and higher Pn at the treatment of pH 4.0 than pH 5.0 and pH 3.0 acid solutions. The growth of tea plant, chlorophyll content and Pn were the best at the combined treatment of suitable Al addition (10~20 mg/L) and moderate acidity of acid rain (pH 4.0), while the slowest at the combined treatment of 30 mg/L Al and pH 3.0 acid rain. These results suggested that suitable Al and moderate acidity of acid rain are helpful to increase tea production by increasing photosynthesis capacity.
The Study of Aluminum Sulfate Purifying Effects for Papermaking Wastewater
Authors: Yang Hui Chun , Han Jin Zhi , Jiang Wen Qiang , Wang Qiang , Ding Shi Ling , Zhang Yin Xin
Published: December 2012

As a high concentration organic wastewater, papermaking wastewater is so strong stability that it is difficult to be decomposition by microorganisms [1, 2]. Through adding aluminum sulfate Al2（SO4）3, the stability of the wastewater will be changed and the value of the COD Cr will be lower. The effect of some important operation parameters, such as the dosage of the pharmaceuticals, pH value and stirring intensity were investigated and optimized. After the experimental, the results showed that, when the optimal dosage of Al2（SO4）3 was 1.5g/L, the solution pH controlled in 6~8, it could get the best treatment effect.
Review on Disinfection Pretreatment Processes to Remove Water N-Nitrosodimethylamine Disinfection By-Products
Authors: Zhang Jing , Hu Chen Yan
Published: December 2012

As a new finding disinfection by-product (DBP), N-nitrosodimethylamine is becoming research focus for its high carcinogenicity. Some pretreatment technologies of drinking water such as activated carbon adsorption, enhanced coagulation, chemical oxidation, biological oxidation, advanced oxidation were summarized. As shown above, the control effect of process of NDMA and its precursors were analyzed.
A Device for Protecting the Optical Windows of the Moored Radiometer from Biofouling
Authors: Li Cai , Cao Wenxi , Yang Yue Zhong
Published: December 2012

Due to the debilitating effect of biological and mineral fouling on the optical windows, the in situ development period and data quality of moored radiometer have been very limited, especially in coastal waters. In this paper, a device for protecting the optical window of the underwater radiometer from biofouling was designed, developed and tested, and with this device, the surface of the optical window can be cleaned for several times before and after radiometric measurements to clear away the biofouling and the mineral that have adhered to the optical windows. The reliability of this device has been tested in the offing of our country.
Analysis of Storage Capacity of Artificial Lake in Wu Lian City
Authors: Gao Zong Jun , Tian Yu , Cui Hao Hao , Zhu Xi , Ma Yang Min , Li Jia Jia
Published: December 2012

Artificial lakes are important parts of urban ecological construction. Combined with the local hydro-geological conditions and the topography, this paper studied the leakage problem of the proposed artificial lake, determined that the main source of leakage are reservoir bottom and by-pass dam, calculated the corresponding leakage, and finally demonstrated that the lake's storage capacity is fully capable of maintaining its ecological landscape effects.
The Study of Copper (II) Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption Using Corn Stalk Material
Authors: Gong Zheng Jun , Zhou Wenbo , Qiu Zhong Ping
Published: December 2012

In this study, removal of copper(Ⅱ) from aqueous solutions was examined using corn stalk. In the batch mode adsorption studies, the effects of initial pH and contact time on the copper(Ⅱ) adsorption by the corn stalk have been studied. The results show that: the pH 6.0 and contact time 8 hrs is optimum conditions of this absorption process when the dosage of corn stalk is 0.1g. In the isotherm studies, the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied. The R2 of the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm are 0.981 and 0.944 respectively. The Langmuir adsorption capacity Qmax is 54.05 mg/g. The goodness of fitness was obtained with the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms.
Hazards and Treatment Methods of Large-Scale Livestock Sewage Pollution in China
Authors: Bao Zhen Bo , Jin Deng Chao , Teng Hong Jun
Published: December 2012

Large-scale livestock pollution has become the third largest source of pollution following industrial pollution and domestic pollution. The possible dangers of livestock sewage pollution on rivers, lakes, underground water, soil, human health are pointed out. Pretreatment is necessary for processing of livestock sewage treatment. The principle, advantages and disadvantages, applicability of three modes of livestock sewage treatment including land spreading, natural treatment and industrialized treatment are summarized. It is very necessary to study and develop efficient, low-cost, resource utilization of livestock sewage treatment technology according to local conditions.
Establishment of the Lakes and Reservoirs’ Model
Authors: Ma Xing Guan , Sun Jun Ping , Pei Zhe , Gao Yu Nan , Tang Jing , Fu Jin Xiang , Tang Yu Lan , Zhang Rong Xin
Published: December 2012

This article describes the simulation method of water temperature and the model classification of water quality in lakes and reservoirs, and classic model of ecosystem dynamics of lakes and reservoirs - BA model from the water quality parameters of the relationship between two aspects of the basic equations are introduced. On this basis, establish the eutrophication of ecological models of lakes and reservoirs.
Water Repellency and Corrosion Resistance for High-Temperature Filter Fabrics Based on a Fluorinated Finishing Composition
Authors: Zhang Nan , Jin Xiang Yu , Ke Qin Fei , Li Bing Tao
Published: December 2012

This paper described a finishing composition and method for applying the composition to three kinds of nonwoven fabrics made from PPS, NOMEX and P84 respectively, which were used in separating the solid particles from flue gas. From the corrosion test and surface energy test, it can be concluded that the filters showed good water repellency and little strength loss after H2SO4 solution treatment, illustrating improved chemical resistance.
A Review of Impacts of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution on Microbial Community in Riparian Zone
Authors: Gong Xiao Min , Dong Jie , Tian Wei Jun
Published: December 2012

In recent years, continuous input of exogenous pollutants has changed the original environment of riparian zone, impacting on soil biological community and the stability of ecosystem at the riparian zone. Therefore, it is necessary to study these impacts for environmental protection and providing scientific basis for environmental decision-makers. In this paper, the author took the microbial community of riparian zone as an example and reviewed the relevant literatures at home and abroad published latest years. The impacts of exogenous contamination on microbial community succession in riparian zone were been discussed, and microbial species, microbial biomass and community information were been revealed for understanding the impact of continuous input of exogenous pollutants on micro-ecosystem structure and function and the degree and finding out the leading pollutants in riparian zone. The paper has a great significance to the development of microbial resources and protection of riparian zone.
Study on Variation Trends of Heavy Metals Contents in Process of Sludge Energy Utilization
Authors: Xie Ying , Zhang Tao , Xu Chong Li , Hui Yuan Feng , Ou Yang Wen Jing
Published: December 2012

Application of sludge-to-energy is an important direction for disposal of sludge, and it is necessary to provide the contents change of heavy metals in sludge. Through sampling in situ and analysis in laboratory, distributions of seven heavy metals in five kinds of sludge, which were come from wastewater treatment plant of Jilin Petrochemical Company of Petro China, were studied, and contents change of heavy metals in the course of sludge-to-energy were analyzed. The results were compared with the other sludge in the factory and municipal wastewater treatment plants and the national standard. The results showed that the heavy metal contents are different in the different sludge, and the mean is Fe>Cu>Zn>Mn>Pb >Cr>Cd, the total content distributions from high to low is incinerated sludge, chemical sludge, activated sludge, neutralization sludge, digested sludge. Contents of Cu and Zn exceeded the the mean of 44 municipal wastewater treatment plants and GB18918-2002. After biogas of digested sludge and energy of incinerated sludge were recovered, heavy metal contents exceeded in varying degrees, which were paid more attention for treatment and utilization.
Research on the Treatment of Coal Chemical Wastewater by Activated Sludge Process with Fixed Biological Media Process and Strains
Authors: Xu Chun Yan , Han Hong Jun
Published: December 2012

Full scale two-stage activated sludge process (ASP) with fixed biological media was used to treat coal gasification wastewater. The ASP has operated for more than one year and COD, total phenol and NH4-N removal effects were illuminated. COD and total phenol removal rates were around 85% and 90% during long term operation. Effluent COD and total phenol of the first stage of the ASP had an abnormal increase and turned to normal after several weeks. Nitrification of the ASP increased slowly and NH4-N removal rates achieved 80% after 15 weeks. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia K279a is isolated from coal chemical industry wastewater. The optimum conditions for PO production are phenol 1000mg/L, temperature 30-34 and pH 7-7.5. The strain resists 980mg/L COD and 805mg/L phenols. The degradation rate of phenols reaches 97% in 48h. The results show that Stenotrophomonas maltophilia K279a can be applied to the aerobic process with high proportion of phenols
Cloning, Expression, Purification, and Characterization of an Organophosphate-Degrading Enzyme in Escherichia Coli
Authors: Wang Jin Bin , Chen Da Chao , Hu Dong Xiao , Su Xue Feng , Tang Xue Ming
Published: December 2012

OpdA is one of organic phosphorus degradation enzyme gene from Agrobacterium radiobacter that may be the most promising targets for the digestion of digestion. In this study, we describe for the cloning and expression in Escherichia coli (E. coli) of plasmid pET28b-opdA, followed by purification by NTA-Ni2+ agarose affinity chromatography. Protein expression and purification were evaluated by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).The Results showed that the optimal value of inoculum OD600 before induction, inducing time, final IPTG concentration and inducing temperature respectively were 0.5,5h,1 mmol/L,37°C. We obtained the concentration of renatured protein was 18.312mg / L. The Km was 4.26μmol/L at 37 °C, and the maximum reaction velocity (Vmax) was 3.2669μmol/L • min.
NOx Reduction by In Situ Catalytic Reduction in the Combustion Process of Coke
Authors: Chen Yan Guang , Han Hong Jing , Lu Jia , Li Jin Lian , Chen Ying , Wang Bao Hui
Published: December 2012

A new method, NOx reduction by in-situ catalytic effects of additives loaded in coke, was proposed. A series of coke samples with different loading amounts of CaCl2, Ce(SO4)2 and La2(SO4)3 were prepared by using the impregnation method, the rules of NOx and CO emissions in the combustion were investigated. The results show that CaCl2, Ce(SO4)2 and La2(SO4)3 play in-situ catalytic effects on the NOx reduction reactions. When the loading of CaCl2 is 4.0%, the amount of NOx emission is reduced by 13.9%. When the loading of Ce(SO4)2is 4.0%, the amount of NOx emission decreases by 17.2%. When the loading of La2(SO4)3 is 4.0%, the amount of NOx emission decreases by 8.7%. Ce(SO4)2 possesses the combustion-supporting effect. As 4.0% Ce(SO4)2 in coke, the CO emission is reduced by 26%, which improves the combustion efficiency of coke.
Effect of Additives on Wet Flue Gas Desulphurization
Authors: Liu Xian Zhuo , Chen Chuan Min , Liu Song Tao , Tang Dong Cai
Published: December 2012

Experiments were conducted in small bubbling absorber apparatus to study the effect of organic additives such as adipic acid, inorganic additives such as sodium sulfate, and self developed compound additives on wet flue gas desulphurization which using CaCO3 as sorbents. Experimental results show that adding these additives not only speed up limestone dissolving, but also intensify calcium sulfite oxidation, which provides theoretical support for application of additives in the WFGD.
Modeling of Carbon Dioxide Measurement on Cement Plants
Authors: Peng Jun Xia , Huang Liang , Zhao Yu Bo , Chen Pan , Zeng Lu , zheng Weimin
Published: December 2012

Input-output model on cement plants were established. Carbon dioxide emissions of key steps and carbon footprint of products were calculated and predicted using the input-output model. The results showed that CO2 emission in the plant (the production of the plant is 1320000t a year) reached 910000 t a year and CO2 emission per ton product is 0.689 ton. Over 80% of the total CO2 was emitted during the process of firing，so the firing process is the key step for reducing CO2 emission in the cement plant. Carbon footprint of three kinds of cement products including ordinary portland cement, portland pozzolan cement and portland blast furnace slag cement are 0.76, 0.59, 0.72 respectively.
A Study on Analyzing the Pollutants of Construction Wastewater in Northern Section of Qinling Tunnel of the YinHanJiWei Project and its Treatment Processes
Authors: Li Hou Feng , Jin Peng Kang , Jin Li Ping , He Dong , Wang Xian Bao
Published: December 2012

The Qinling tunnel is an important part of hanjiang-to-weihe river water transfers project.In the construction period of northern section of Qinling tunnel, large amount of wastewater was produced and after direct discharged into water, the adverse effects to the environment will become a serious issue. According to the analysis by drilling and blasting method of construction and the prediction of construction wastewater by TBM in the later stage, it can be found that tunnel construction wastewater hashigh SS, low COD as well as relatively small amount of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients. Therefore, it can be regarded as inorganic polluted wastewater. Meanwhile, by continuous monitoring on wastewater, it proves the accuracy of the formal analysis and prediction. According to the constitution of wastewater, the treatment combined with coagulation, filtration, manganese sand filter, adsorption is proposed. The related researches show thate the mentioned treatmente removal rate for suspended solids, COD and ammonia nitrogen can be more than 90%, 85% and 60% respectively. The treated water quality can meet "The Surface Water Environment Quality Standard"（GB3838-2002）of the Ⅱwater index. Consideration of tunnel construction characteristic and analysis of variation pattern of pollutants in wastewater provide basis and reference for construction wastewater treatment.
The Influence of Coagulant on the Membrane System
Authors: Zhang Chun Bo , Wang Jiu Sheng , Sun Tian Li
Published: December 2012

On the beaker test of Laboratory coagulation sedimentation for low turbidity water, through the relationship of water turbidity, residual metal ion content and type of coagulant dosage, and membrane fouling material component within the system, the cause of coagulant fouling membrane system is coagulant sedimentation occurs once again, and put forward to measures of reduce membrane fouling because of coagulant, these will be benefit for adjustment of coagulation sedimentation treatment.
Study on Dynamic Optimization Model of Surplus Gas Distribution in Iron and Steel Plant
Authors: Song Jun , Zhang An Chao , Zheng Hai Kun
Published: December 2012

This paper analyzes the byproduct gas utilization and management status of china's iron and steel plant, point out that the dynamic optimization of surplus gas distribution has a very important position in the management of gas system, and a common model is established using mixed integer MILP (linear programming) method. Two typical enterprise application results show that: The model suitable for different types of iron and steel plant; optimization model can take full account of the characteristics of the adjustable users, CCPP(Combined Cycle Power Plant), blending boilers and gas tanks to maximize overall efficiency; diversification of the buffer unit to ensure security and stability of gas system and qualified enterprises should establish CCPP.
Study on Flocculation and Sedimentation of Fine and High-Silicon Bauxite Tailings
Authors: He Shu Ming , Xie Hai Yun , Jiang Ya Xiong , Tong Xiong
Published: December 2012

the influence rules for the settlement of tailings from bauxite direct flotation were investigated under the different pulp pH and dosage of inorganic flocculants(such as Al2(OH)nCl6-n, Al2(SO4)3) and organic flocculants(nonionic polyacrylamide(080), cationic polyacrylamide(603), anionic polyacrylamide(JB-TR782)). The results show that surface static potential of particles is the key effect factor for the settlement of tailings. The good settlement of tailings can be obtained with adding a little dosage of flocculants when pH was kept at about 7.0, 080 and 603 can increase the sedimentation rate in the alkaline pulp evidently, the organic flocculants can do as well. The combination of Al2(SO4)3 and 080 could produce good sedimentation results for tailings and the dosage of Al2(SO4)3 and 080 can be decreased as well, so it has an application prospect.
Reduction Efficacy of Activated Sludge by Electrochemical Oxidation
Authors: Wang Li , Li Chun Mei , Li Xiao Song , Wang Li Jie
Published: December 2012

As the electrochemical oxidation technology is an effective and reliable clean technology, in this study the electrochemical oxidation activated sludge process was developed, in which the electrolysis reactor with homocentric circle arrangement electrode was installed, with Ti/RuO2 being used as reticular plates. The results showed that the electrochemical oxidation can reduce activated sludge production substantially. The lysis efficiency of activated sludge achieved was 29.98% in the experiment under the optimal oxidation conditions as follows: pH=12, 60 min of intermittent electrolysis time, working voltage of 6 V and initial VSS concentration of 4670 mg·L-1,while the SCOD and TP being released from cell lysis at the maximum of 712.2 and 33 mg·L-1 respectively; and the NH3-N also reached the maximum and presented a declining trend with operation time?, which showed that this conditions were the best for electrolysis oxidation of activated sludge.
The Effect of Organic Compounds on the Recovery of Ammonium by Struvite Precipitation from Swine Anaerobic Digester Effluent
Authors: Liu Ji Dan , Xu Zu Xin , Wang Wei Gang , Jin Wei
Published: December 2012

Recovering nitrogen and phosphorus through struvite crystallization from swine wastewater has gained increasing interest. However, effluents of anaerobic digested swine wastewater contains other constituents including complex and hardly definited organic compounds, which may hinder the formation of struvite crystal and affect the purity of the precipitates by forming other insoluble minerals. Struvite precipitation was carried out at laboratory scale by adding magnesium chloride and potassium hydrogen as external sources of magnesium and phosphorus to equal Mg: N: P molar ratio, respectively, and regulating the pH at 9.5 in the absence and presence of organic compounds. Exceeded 70% phosphate and ammonium reduction were obtained. The recovered products were detected and analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and chemical methods, which were proved to be struvite crystals. The soluble organic compounds had less than 6% changes in amount during struvite precipitation and it was proved that the removal of TCOD during the precipitation of struvite may be attributed to the co-precipitation of struvite. The results indicate that struvite precipitation could be a viable method of ammonium removal in the presence of organic compounds from anaerobically digested swine manure.
Engineering Applications on Reclaimed Water Treatment and Reuse of Hotel's High Grade Gray Water
Authors: Chai Hong Xiang , Bao Yan Rong , Lin Hua Dong
Published: December 2012

The design and operation of membrane bio-reactor (MBR) process treating hotel’s high grade gray water were introduced. The main processes were hydrolysis and acidification，MBR and disinfection, through which the removal rates of BOD5, SS and NH3-N were above 90%. The effluent reached the requirements of Reclamation and Reuse of Urban Sewage: Quality of Urban Service Water (GB/T18920-2002), for road irrigating, greening and toilet flushing. The hydraulic retention time of reclaimed water tank was increased to 12h, which enhanced the utilization rate of the reclaimed water to 90%. The designed wastewater amount was 360m3/d. Every year, the saving water amount is 13.14 million tons, the net income is 693800 yuan and the static payback period is 1.3 years. The project reduces pollutants and creates economic benefits.
Study on the Desorption Performance of Feather as a New Adsorption Material on Pb2+
Authors: Ren Qi , Wang Hong
Published: December 2012

In this paper, feather was used to adsorb lead ions as a new type of adsorbent materials. For recycling feather, NaOH solutions as the desorption solutions were adopted to desorb feather after adsorption of lead ions, and then the factors which affect the desorption effect, such as desorption time, concentration of desorption solutions, temperature and so on were studied. It was found that the optimum desorption conditions are: the desorption time of 60min, the concentration of NaOH solutions of 30mmol/L, the temperature of 40°C.
Acidification of Waste Activated Sludge during Mesophilic Phase in Two Phases Anaerobic Digestion System
Authors: Sun Xiu Yun , Chen Can , Wang Wei , Shen Jin You , Li Jian Sheng , Wang Lian Jun
Published: December 2012

Waste activated sludge is always used to product methane by two phases anaerobic digestion, but fermenting to accumulate VFAs has seldom reported. This paper deals with the effects of pH value, adding ratio and hydraulic retention time (HRT) on WAS acidification during mesophilic phase in two phases anaerobic digestion (TPAD) system through batch experiments. In order to gain the most amount of VFAs for providing more carbon source, the optimal conditions for WAS mesophilic anaerobic digestion observed in this study are pH=7, adding ratio=12.5%, HRT=4d and TC/TNb value=1.7~2.0. Finally, we analyzed acid production kinetic under the optimal conditions. It can be inferred that the performance of WAS acidification is sensitive to operating conditions.
An Adaptive Filter Denoising Based on Wavelet Transform Applied in ECG Signal
Authors: Xiao Qian
Published: December 2012

Due to the fact that it is not easy to filter out the spectrum overlap noise between noisy signal and noise by using the traditional wavelet method, an adaptive filter model based on the wavelet transform is constructed in this paper. In the new filter, the adaptive filter is used to filter out noise secondary on the basis of wavelet denoising on the original noise signal. The experimental results show that the filter can effectively remove the noise. The new filter is applied to the denoising of the ECG signal, achieving a better filtering effect.
Study on Noise Attenuation Laws and Control Methods of the Transformer
Authors: Xie Lian Ke , Chen Chuan Min , Gao Yang , Liu Song Tao , Jiang Li Xing
Published: December 2012

The mechanism and characteristics of substation transformer noise are introduced in this paper. Based on the recent measured noise data of 220 kV, 500 kV and 750 kV substations, the noise source characteristics of transformer and the attenuation laws in noise transmission are analyzed. It is hoped that this paper can offer some measures and suggestions for controlling the noise of transformer substation. Lastly but not least it will provide some references for noise control during the new substation’s design and construction process.
Study on the Vibration Suppression Performance of Damping Spring Damper in High-Voltage Transmission
Authors: Kong Wei , Hu Kun Qi , Cheng Yin Jian
Published: December 2012

Damping spring damper is a new type of damper and an utility model patent. It has better damping effect than traditional damper because of the new structures and new materials. The paper set a model of damping spring damper and transmission line by ANSYS. The model is loaded by the breeze force. Displacement time curve which is be extracted from ANSYS is the result to compare the difference between the two kinds of damper. At the end, the paper optimizes the structural parameters of damping spring a damper.
Measurement of Reducing Sugar in Black Liquor by Dual Wavelength Spectrophotometry
Authors: Ge Lan , Lu Jie , Yang Rui Feng , Liu Yan Jun
Published: December 2012

The lignin will drag interference in the system of the sugar determination. Dual wavelength spectrophotometry can remove the interference when making use of the DNS to detect the reducing sugar content in the black liquor. After the analysis to the absorbency graphs of the lignin and the glucose dissolved in the DNS solution at specific wave length region in the ultraviolet-visible light, and the contrast between the coefficients of the relation curves between their absorbency and their concentration at specific wave length, the test wave length is intended to be 520 and 570nm. From the relation curves between the absorbency of the lignin and its concentration at 520nm and 570nm, the magnification coefficient of the differential signal were defined as K2=5.338, K1=3.288.The correction index k=1.2. Then the concentration c (g/L) of the glucose solution can be figured out through formula c=(S/k-0.0165)×M/0.821.Then a group of glucose solution with same glucose addition but different lignin addition had been measured. So this method is effective to detect the reducing sugar content in the black liquor.
Adsorption Characteristics of L-Phenylalanine in Drinking Water by Granule Activated Carbon
Authors: Shang Fei , Zhou Xiao Lv , Zhou Zhen Xing , Hu Chen Yan , Zhang Jing , Zhao Yi Ming
Published: December 2012

In this paper,granular activated carbon GAC was used to investigate the adsorption capacity and adsorption rate of a typical nitrogen-containing organic compounds L-phenylalanine. GAC shows a high adsorption capacity for the L-phenylalanine and the adsorption isotherms conform to with Langmuir model.The pseudo-first-order equation shows the best fitting for adsorption kinetics in L-phenylalanine adsorption by GAC. Besides the factors such as the temperature, adsorption time and activated carbon quantity were studied.
Virtual Water Content of the Main Crops in Chongqing
Authors: Chen Ya Nan , He Zheng Pu , Wen Na , Zhang Wei Hua
Published: December 2012

Based on the theory of virtual water, by using of Penman-Monteith method and CROPWAT model, the study calculated and analyzed the virtual water content of the main crops in Chongqing from 2006 to 2010. According to the analysis, it’s proper to increase vegetables, rice and maize planting area in Chongqing, and appropriate to reduce wheat and potato planting area to save water and raise water resource efficiency.
Integrated Fuzzy Delphi Method and GIS to Indentify Farm Ponds’ Preservation Values and Spatial Location in Yunlin County, Taiwan
Authors: Lee Soen Han , Chou Wen Wen , Wu Chen Fa
Published: December 2012

Objective of this work is to indentify farm ponds’ preservation values and spatial location for farm ponds conservation in Yunlin County, Taiwan. Conclusions of the Fuzzy Delphi Method and GIS mapping found that farm ponds in western coastal areas presented higher living, production, ecology, and cultural landscapes preservation value, while the inland areas in central plains and the northeast presented the advantages of ecology, living, environmental disaster relief and cultural landscapes.
The Influence of Emergent Macrophytes on Porewater PO43- Distribution and Physic Transport in the Estuary Wetlands
Authors: Gu Xiao Zhi , Chen Kai Ning , Huang Wei , Bai Xiang , Fan Cheng Xin
Published: December 2012

Emergent macrophytes growth and development are believed to play an important role in nutrients physical transport processes and biogeochemical cycles. In the present study, a high-resolution in-situ sampling technology (Porewater equilibrators, Peepers) was employed to obtain vertical porewater PO43- profiles from the vegetated and the non-vegetated sediments, and accurately quantify benthic flux across sediment-water interface by Fick's first law applying porewater profiles of peepers, and coupled with core sediments incubation experiments as comparison. In addition, to distinguish benthic organism contribution to measured apparent benthic flux, we used HgCl2 (0.5% by weight) to suppress bottom fauna activity during the experiment. The results showed that porewater PO43- concentrations were far lower in vegetated than in the non-vegetated sediments, and also significantly lower in overlying water than in porewater. Whereas, porewater PO43- distribution fluctuated sharply at the upper sediments and kept an approximative constant below 8cm depth. Additionally, the average molecular diffusion flux applying Fick's first law fluctuated slightly within the range of 0.004 to 0.018 mg m-2 d-1(i.e., PO43- from porewater diffused into overlying water), which was higher in typha latifolia site, but lower in zizania latifolia site. PO43- average apparent diffusion flux based on core sediments incubation experiments varied between 1.03 and 6.78 mg m-2 d-1, and an opposite pattern was observed with respect to emergent macrophyte effects, as the PO43- flux at phragmites australis site was low (only 19% of control), but reached as high as 126% of the control in typha latifolia site. In unsterilized treatments (i.e., benthic organism participation), PO43- average net fluxes were lower up to an order of magnitude and more variable compared with those in sterilized treatments. Our results highlighted emergent macrophytes (e.g., phragmites australis) in estuary wetlands could efficiently relieved release risk from sediments, and reduce dissolved reactive phosphorus diffusion physical barrier crossed sediment-water interface by adding porosity in surface sediment.
Comparison of Groundwater Flow Systems under the Control of Different Aquifer Structures
Authors: Zhang Jun , Zhao Zhen Hong , Ma Hong Yun , Wang Dong , Guo Li
Published: December 2012

The structure of groundwater flow system is the core of study of groundwater system and the base of evaluation of groundwater resources. The control role of aquifer system to groundwater flow system is a key of study of the structure of groundwater flow system. The groundwater systems of the Ordos basin are analyzed as a case study. The control role of aquifer system to groundwater flow system is studied by comparison of groundwater flow systems under the control of different aquifer structures in 2-D profile numerical model. The research shows that the groundwater flow systems of the Ordos basin have the multilayer structure characteristics. The groundwater flow systems in the north of the Ordos basin show a cross-formational multi-hierarchy nested flow pattern in the northern aquifer systems without regional impermeable layer where the hydraulic connection between aquifer layers is closely. While, the hydraulic connection is discontinuous in the southern aquifer systems because there are regional impermeable layers in the aquifer systems. The groundwater flow systems in the south of the Ordos basin show a follow-formational flow pattern.
Influence of the Diversion Angle on Flow Characteristics of the North Branch of the Changjiang River Estuary
Authors: Gu Jie , Qin Xin , Chen Wei , Ma Dan Qing , Wang Xiao Li , Yang Ji Zhong
Published: December 2012

A 2D current model about Changjiang River Estuary was set up with Delft3D-FLOW in this research, which was well calibrated and verified with the observed tidal levels and velocities, the computed results of water level and flow velocity magnitude agree well with the measured data. The model has been applied to calculate the flow velocities and the split ebb flow ratio of the North Branch with the diversion angle of 30o and 60o respectively. The computed results show that the smaller the diversion angle of North Branch is, the larger the flow velocities and the split ebb flow ratio will be. Therefore, the diversion angle plays a positive role to the dynamics improvement in the North Branch.
Calculation of Mine Water Inflow and Cite Influencing Radius of Hetaoyu Coal with “Virtual Large Diameter Well” Method
Authors: Hou Yan Jun
Published: December 2012

Calculation of mine water inflow and influencing radius is one of studies of hydrogeology conditions of mining area. Hetaoyu Coal Mine is located in discharge region of lower Cretaceous Luohe Formation aquifer in Qingyang City of Gansu Province. The water inflow and influencing radius are computed by the “Large diameter well” formula of artesian water with “virtual large diameter well” method is based on Dupuit formula. The drill hole radius is replaced by Cite Radius and the influencing radius is replaced by Cite Influencing Radius in calculation process. The scope of groundwater cone is confirmed by cite influencing radius.
Groundwater Flow Simulation and Resource Evaluation of the Affected Zone along the Yellow River (Henan Section)
Authors: Gu Lei Lei , Shao Jing Li , Sun Yue , Zhao Yun Zhang
Published: December 2012

The purpose of this paper is to build a three-dimensional groundwater flow model of the affected zone along the Yellow River, and to conduct equilibrium analysis and resource evaluation to the groundwater of the research area according to the simulation results. In the beginning, the groundwater flow numerical simulation model (1999.1-2009.12) is established and verified through the GMS software on the basis of the establishment of hydrogeological conceptual and mathematical models. Results of the simulation model show that the perennial average of the resources of shallow groundwater recharge is 29.32×108m3/a, the average recharge modulus is 22.35×104m3/km2•a and the safe yield of groundwater resource is 27.04×108m3/a.
Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation on North-China Groundwater Quality
Authors: He Yu Jiang , Wang Dong , Wang Gui L.
Published: December 2012

The representative pollution factors are selected to undergo the single-factor membership grade evaluation and weight normalization treatment, and then fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is employed to analyze the groundwater quality in a particular region in North-China Plain. The weight of each factor is determined as per the measured density value, thus guaranteeing objective and accurate evaluation results, which provide scientific grounds for the water resources planning and treatment. Therefore, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is a scientific means of efficiently and accurately evaluating the groundwater quality.
Comparison Studies on Sea Surface Roughness Schemes
Authors: Pan Yu Ping , Ge Su Fang , Sha Wen Yu
Published: December 2012

The data, originated from the RASEX experiment and the Surface Wave Dynamics Experiment. RASEX experiment took place at an offshore wind turbine site in the Baltic Sea in 1994, it is representative of the fetch-limited conditions; SWADE experiment was carried out off the Atlantic coast of the United States in 1990, it is representative of the wind-sea/swell conditions. Both datasets are used to test sea surface roughness schemes by using bulk algorithm. The aim of this study is to better understand the sensitively of the surface momentum fluxes to choice of surface roughness parameterization and the range of applicability of the four schemes (YT96, TY01, O02, and GW06). It was found YT96, TY01 and GW06 schemes generated friction velocity, drag coefficient and wind stress in good agreement with the direct measurements under different wind sea conditions, but O02 scheme overestimate them with the wind speed larger than 8ms-1 for the fetch-limited conditions.
Spatial Distribution of Phosphorus Fractions in the Sediments of Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, China
Authors: Song Qian Wen , Li Yang Fong , Jiang Xia
Published: December 2012

The amounts of phosphorus fractions in the sediments of Meiliang Bay were examined using the SMT sequential method. Results indicated that the TP concentration in surface sediment averaged 594.90 mg/kg (284.06-945.14 mg/kg) and mainly composed of IP (60%-80%). Pollution was more serious near the four inflow rivers. Phosphorus fractions in the core sediment showed a decreasing trend. Correlation analyses showed that NaOH-P was the main factor controlling TP.
Simulation of Hydrological Functions of Typical Vegetations in Poyang Lake Basin
Authors: Cai Yu Lin , Xu Juan , Li Yang
Published: December 2012

Vegetation influences the runoff through affecting rainfall interception, soil water infiltration capacity and surface evaporation and other factors etc. In this paper, remote sensing data is used to analyze the major vegetation types of Poyang Lake Basin, and then a hydrological model (VIC model) is employed to simulate and compare runoff under different vegetation type scenarios. The simulation results show that the presence of vegetation will reduce the runoff and rate of decrease varies according to vegetation type: runoff reduction reaches the maximum when the vegetation type were mixed forest, followed by evergreen coniferous forest follows, and reaches the lowest when the evergreen broad-leaved forest predominates.
Influence of Thickness of Unstructured Zone to Volatilization Function of BTEX in Groundwater
Authors: Cheng Dong Xiang , Zhang Qing , Ying Hai Ning , Ren He Jun
Published: December 2012

There are lots of natural attenuation functions and one of the most important is volatilization. The test was carried out to study the influence of the thickness of unstructured zone. The results indicated that, BTEX compounds are easy to volatile when the thickness of unstructured zone is thin and the zone entirely belongs to capillary zone but contrary to it when the thickness of unstructured zone is bigger than capillary zone.
Applicable Correlations Based on Field Survey and Theory for Predicting the Indoor Thermal Climate
Authors: Hu Fen E , Wang Fan , Hou Neng Bang , Chen Fei Xiang
Published: December 2012

Fanger’s PMV is the most famous thermal sensation index but it is too complex to be applied in practice. Besides, the PMV index does not take into account the effect of the hourly beam and diffuse solar radiation absorbed by the room on the indoor thermal climate. In order to obtain applicable correlations with consideration of solar radiation, a one-year measurement has been carried out in a naturally ventilated residential room in Qujing Normal University of Yunnan province, China. Based on collected data, PMV indices are calculated by using Newton’s iterative method. The correlations of the PMV and the environmental parameters — outdoor air temperature, indoor mean air temperature, mean radiant temperature, wind velocity, relative humidity, and hourly beam and diffuse solar radiation — have been studied by using the multivariable regression techniques. Lots of correlations with high correlativity have been developed in this paper. It is convenient to use these results to predict the indoor thermal climate in the natural ventilation buildings in the subtropical plateau monsoon climate.
Understanding of Landscape Architecture Design in Japan
Authors: Feng Yao , Zhang Lu Si
Published: December 2012

In the 1960s, rapid economic growth of Japan resulted in urban problems such as public hazard, environmental pollution and destruction of historic streetscape etc. To rescue increasingly worsening living environment, various citizen endeavors have been carried out. The reflection of modern urban planning was called "Machi-zukuri". After tens of years of evolution, it has become the representative of the citizens and the citizen groups participating in urban planning, design and government affairs. Landscape "Machi-zukuri" is one of its important types. Through the case analysis of Chiba Townscape Citizen Festival, this paper discusses the successful experience of Japan in improving regional landscape architecture which is worth our reference.
Study on Improving Thermal Environment of College Dormitory in Chongqing
Authors: Ou Hong Yin , Liu Fang , Song Qing Long , Yu Long Xing
Published: December 2012

To improve the low air velocity above the bed areas during the night in hot summer, the reformed plan for the college dormitory fan was presented.The indoor environment was simulated by the software Airpak3.0 to compaire the fan with both no diversion deflector and diversion deflector (the deflector angles are 60°, 120° and 160°) respectively. And a field test was conducted to confirm the simulation results. The results show that the indoor thermal environment above the bed areas has been improved inordinately if adding a deflector with different angles. The air velocity can be increased by 0.15m/s at most when the deflector angle is 160°, yet the airflow displays most evenly with the 120° deflector angle. Meanwhile, the temperature and thermal discomfort have been decreased. The variation of the simulation and measurement values tends to be consistent, so it suggests the fan installing the diversion deflector may improve the thermal environment of college dormitory.
Surface Reflectance for Illuminance Level Control in Daylit Historical Museum Gallery under Tropical Sky Conditions
Authors: Ahmad Noraini , Sh Ahmad Sabarinah , Talib Anuar
Published: December 2012

Malaysia has tropical sky conditions, receiving plenty of natural light throughout the year. Natural light fluctuates greatly and it can be rather tricky to provide good distribution of daylight throughout an interior space and this prompts the need for strategic daylight control programme in a historic museum gallery. Surface reflectance is a significant design consideration, particularly with regards to how light is distributed throughout an interior space. Research on how the internal surfaces reflectances are controlled for long-term preservation of museum exhibits is still lacking for tropical skies conditions. The study aims to assess the internal surface reflectance contribution at a west facing daylit historical museum gallery through in-situ measurements and simulation model assessment. The results obtained in these experiments are visually compared with the existing surface reflectance values through simulation modelling. The results show new knowledge on light damage issues. The results also highlight daylighting distributions control and light exposure limits through realistic predictions’ images and reflectance’s alterations. The study confirms that surface reflectances can be a control mechanism for preventive conservation in the historical museum gallery.
A Forecasting Method of Kostiakov Infiltration Model Parameters Based on Back-Propagation Model
Authors: Cao Chong Wen , Fan Gui Sheng
Published: December 2012

Based on test data of field soil water infiltration, Back-propagation (BP) model of predicting Kostiakov infiltration model parameters was established after analyzing the primary influence factors of water infiltration model parameters. The results indicate that BP model can reflect the non-linear relationship between the model parameters and the physical parameters of the soil; BP model is high accuracy for prediction soil infiltration model parameters. It can be referred as a new method to predict soil infiltration process using soil physical parameters.
Isolation and Genetic Identification of Dibenzothiophene Degrading Bacteria from Contaminated Soil
Authors: Li Lin , Zhao Chao Cheng , Liu Qi You , Zhang Yun Bo
Published: December 2012

The biodegradation abilities of 10 dibenzothiophene degrading microbial consortia isolated from contaminated soil were investigated. 5 highly efficient dibenzothiophene degrading bacterial strains were obtained from the consortium LKY10 by screening on LB-agar plates.The bacterial strain LKY10-5 reduced more than 90% of dibenzothiophene with 40 mg•L-1concentration, and had higher degradation efficiency than enriched bacterial consortia in 7 days of cultivation. According to species identification and phylogenetic analysis, strain LKY10-1 and LKY10-3 belonged to Actinobacteria and could be included in Rhodococcus and Cellulosimicrobium genus, LKY10-5 and LKY10-6 belonged to Proteobacteria and could be included in Pseudomonas and Devosia genus, and LKY10-13 could be included in Lysinibacillus genus and belonged to Firmicutes.