bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Processing of Words Related to the Demands of a Previously Solved Problem
Authors: Kowalczyk Marek
Published: June 2014

Earlier research by the author brought about findings suggesting that people in a special way process words related to demands of a problem they previously solved, even when they do not consciously notice this relationship. The findings concerned interference in the task in which the words appeared, a shift in affective responses to them that depended on sex of the participants, and impaired memory of the words. The aim of this study was to replicate these effects and to find out whether they are related to working memory (WM) span of the participants, taken as a measure of the individual’s ability to control attention. Participants in the experimental group solved a divergent problem, then performed an ostensibly unrelated speeded affective classification task concerning each of a series of nouns, and then performed an unexpected cued recall task for the nouns. Afterwards, a task measuring WM span was administered. In the control group there was no problem-solving phase. Response latencies for words immediately following problem-related words in the classification task were longer in the experimental than in the control group, but there was no relationship between this effect and WM span. Solving the problem, in interaction with sex of the participants and, independently, with their WM span, influenced affective responses to problem-related words. Recall of these words, however, was not impaired in the experimental group.
Individual Differences in Coping with Mortality Salience in Germany vs. Poland: Cultural World View or Personal View Defense?
Authors: Wojdylo Kamila , Kazén Miguel , Kuhl Julius , Mitina Olga
Published: June 2014

We investigated the influence of personality and culture on effects of mortality salience (MS) over cultural worldview defense (CWVD). We hypothesized that CWVD reactions to MS differ between Germany and Poland because of the higher conservatism of the latter country, and that they are moderated by action vs. state orientation. In this study German (N=112) and Polish (N=72), participants were exposed either to MS or to a control condition (dental pain). Punishment ratings to trivial offences and serious social transgressions were measures of CWVD. Results showed that social transgressions in both conditions were more strongly punished in Poland than in Germany. Additionally, compared to the control condition, under MS action oriented punished serious transgressions more strongly in Germany whereas state oriented punished serious transgressions more strongly in Poland. That is, the effects of MS on CWVD are moderated by personality and culture. We interpret the opposite pattern of punishment to serious social transgressions given by action and state orientedin in Germany and Poland, respectively, according to the higher emotional autonomy of action-oriented persons in either culture.
Resource potential of bioethanol and biodiesel production in Ukraine
Authors: Kaletnik Grygorii , Prutska Olena , Pryshliak Natalia
Published: June 2014

Recently the biofuel production has significantly increased all over the world. In Ukraine this trend is increasing under the influence of such factors as the need to overcome the energy shortage, reduce dependence on oil imports and availability of powerful natural resource potential. The aim of the article is assessment of the resource potential of bioethanol and biodiesel production in Ukraine both for domestic needs and for export. Data from the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine on production and exports volumes of major bioenergy crops is analyzed and the potential volume of biofuels production in Ukraine is calculated for achievement the research objectives. The importance of shift from exportoriented agriculture to energy crops production for their processing into biofuels within the country is described
Ensuring Operators-Drivers Transport of Agricultural Machinery Safety in the Context of Sustainable Development
Authors: Ovcharenko Marina , Ovcharenko Andrey , Ovchinnikova Elena , Arefiev Alexey
Published: June 2014

The number and severity of road traffic accidents in the Russian Federation is not reduced from year to year. It is established that one of the common causes of traffic accidents is sleep at the wheel, it is especially typical for operators-drivers of transport agricultural machinery. According to the experimental data were derived mathematical dependences of operator reaction time of the driver at the beginning and end of the work shift by his age, which proved that with increasing age operator reaction time in an emergency increases
Functional Outcomes After Surgical Management of Articular Cartilage Lesions in the Knee: A Systematic Literature Review to Guide Postoperative Rehabilitation
Authors: Schmitt Laura C. , Quatman Carmen E. , Paterno Mark V. , Best Thomas M. , Flanigan David C.
Published: June 2014

Study Design

Systematic literature review.

Objective

To systematically review the literature relative to muscle performance, knee joint biomechanics, and performance-based functional outcomes following articular cartilage repair and restoration surgical procedures in the knee.

Background

Articular cartilage injuries are associated with functional limitations, poor quality of life, and the potential for long-term disability. This review systematically evaluates evidence related to muscle performance, joint biomechanics, and performance-based functional outcomes following articular cartilage procedures, and discusses their implications for rehabilitation.

Methods

The online databases of PubMed (MEDLINE), CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Scopus were searched (inception to September 2013). Studies pertaining to muscle performance, knee joint biomechanics, and performance-based measures of function following articular cartilage procedure in the knee were included.

Results

Sixteen articles met the specified inclusion criteria. Seven studies evaluated muscle performance, all showing persistent deficits in quadriceps femoris muscle strength for up to 7 years postprocedure. Quadriceps femoris strength deficits of greater than 20% were noted in 33% and 26% of individuals at 1 and 2 years following microfracture and autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), respectively. Two studies evaluated knee mechanics post-ACI, showing persistent deficits in knee kinematics and kinetics for up to 12 months postprocedure compared to uninjured individuals. Seven studies showed improved functional capacity (6-minute walk test) over time, and 3 studies showed persistent performance deficits during higher-level activities (single-leg hop test) for up to 6 years postprocedure. Five studies comparing weight-bearing protocols (accelerated versus traditional/current practice) following ACI found few differences between the groups in function and gait mechanics; however, persistent gait alterations were observed in both groups compared to uninjured individuals.

Conclusion

Significant quadriceps femoris strength deficits, gait deviations, and functional deficits persist for 5 to 7 years following ACI and microfracture surgical procedures. Future research regarding rehabilitation interventions to help mitigate these deficits is warranted.

Level of Evidence

Prognosis, level 2a-. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(8):565–578. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.4844
Diagnostic and Procedural Imaging Curricula in Physical Therapist Professional Degree Programs
Authors: Boissonnault William G. , White Douglas M. , Carney Sara , Malin Brittany , Smith Wayne
Published: June 2014

Study Design

Descriptive survey.

Objective

To describe the status of diagnostic and procedural imaging curricula within United States physical therapist professional degree programs.

Background

As patient direct access to physical therapy services increases, the ability to refer patients directly for diagnostic imaging could promote more efficient delivery of care. Appropriate patient referral is contingent on physical therapists having the requisite knowledge base and skills. While evidence describing imaging competence of physical therapists with advanced training in military institutions exists, evidence is lacking for other physical therapists, including new graduates of physical therapist professional degree programs.

Methods

Faculty members teaching imaging at 206 United States physical therapist professional degree programs recognized by the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education were recruited via e-mail correspondence. An e-mail attachment included the survey on which faculty reported imaging curricula and faculty qualifications, attitudes, and experiences.

Results

Faculty from 155 (75.2%) programs responded to the survey, with imaging being included in the curriculum of 152 programs. Content was integrated by required standalone courses or clinical science track courses, and/or through elective courses. The average reported estimate of imaging contact hours was 24.4 hours (range, 2–75 hours). Emphasis was on the musculoskeletal system, including 76.3% of the required standalone course content. Student competence was assessed in 147 (96.7%) programs, primarily by written (66.7%) and practical (19.7%) examinations. Faculty rated student competence on a scale of 1 (not competent) to 5 (competent), with ratings ranging from a high of 4.0 (identifying normal anatomy on plain-film radiography) to a low of 1.9 (identifying common tissue pathological processes/injuries on ultrasound).

Conclusion

While a majority of programs reported including imaging curricula, variability was noted in all curricular aspects. These results may serve as a benchmark for faculty to assess existing curricula, allow for further development of imaging curricula, and provide a benchmark for the profession regarding current level of training for recent graduates of entry-level physical therapist professional degree programs. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(8):579–586. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.5379
Factors Affecting Callus Induction and Organogenesis in Saffron (Crocus sativus L.)
Authors: Vahedi Maryam , Kalantari Siamak , Salami Seyed Alireza
Published: June 2014

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) belongs to Iridaceae and is known an important native commercial plants in Iran for its high value of saffron. The best growth regulator composition for callus production from corms and sahoot regeneration from callus were determined. Saffron corms harvested from previous crops are generally used for future cropping cycles. However, this practice causes major yield losses due to the heavy attack by different pathogens. Availability of healthy disease free planting materials is of great importance for successful cultivation of saffron. By this investigation the best composition of growth regulators for callus production from corms and shoot regeneration from callus were determined. Callus induction of Crocus sativus L. was investigated by using different combinations NAA, 2, 4-D and TDZ, BA and Kn. The highest frequency of callus induction was observed in medium containing 2 mg/l 2, 4-D + 1 mg/l BA followed by 1 mg/l 2, 4-D + 0.15 mg/l Kn. However, in case of growth parameters such as diameter and the area of calli the best result was obtained in the medium supplemented with 2 mg/l 2, 4-D + 1 mg/l BA.  In some treatments, calli were transferred to organogenesis stage after two subcultures.  For sprouting of shoots transferred to medium containing 1 mg/l BAP and 1 mg/l NAA. Statistical analyses indicated that the treatment containing 5 mg/l NAA and 5 mg/l TDZ  proved to be the best growth regulator treatment for shoot regeneration from the saffron calli. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 24(1): 1-9, 2014 (June) D. O. I. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v24i1.19184
In vitro Development of Cauliflower Synthetic Seeds and Development of Plantlets In vivo
Authors: Qamar Zahida , Hossain Md. Belal , Nasir Idrees A. , Tabassum Bushra , Husnain Tayyab
Published: June 2014

Synthetic seeds of cauliflower cv. Chillout were developed by encapsulating mature somatic embryos in neutral gel media. Somatic embryos were obtained by optimizing callus and cell suspension cultures of cauliflower. Friable, yellowish embryogenic calli were obtained on MS supplemented with 2 mg/l  2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l BAP using hypocotyl as explants, while calli were regenerated in media consisting of 5 mg/l BAP, 2 mg/l Kn and 6 mg/l GA3. Somatic embryo-genesis was induced in cell suspension culture where auxins were removed in successive steps triggering  conversion of globular cells into the heart, torpedo stage (71%) and finally into cotyledonary/somatic embryos (28%). The mature somatic embryos were encapsulated by mixing mature cell suspension with sodium alginate and calcium chloride mixture (1 : 4). Developed synthetic seeds germinated into complete plantlets when placed in neutral gel media.  Germination efficiency of synthetic seeds decreased to about 50 per cent after 12 weeks of storage at 4ºC followed by a rapid decrease to zero per cent after 16 weeks. It was also observed that cauliflower plantlets from synthetic seeds survived successfully when transferred to soil demonstrating  that cauliflower synthetic seeds is a promising step towards their  in vivo direct use. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 24(1): 27-36, 2014 (June) D. O. I. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v24i1.19193
Heavy Metals and Nanoparticles: Impact on Protocorm-like Body Formation in Hybrid Cymbidium
Authors: Da Silva Jaime A. Teixeira
Published: June 2014

Heavy metals (HMs) typically inhibit plant growth and development. Only HM accumulators are able to tolerate the presence of these toxic compounds. No studies exist on the response of any orchid cultures to HMs or to nano-particles. In this study, all HMs tested (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Zn) fully reduced neo-PLB growth at or greater than 100 ??. Some neo-PLB growth was observed at 10 and 50 ??, but the levels were significantly lower than the control treatments. Thin cell layers necrosed even at 50 ??, while levels of neo-PLB formation were extremely low at 10 ??. When 100 and 400 mg/l of nano-SiO2 and nano-TiO2 were added to 10 and 50 ?? of all HMs, in a bid to try and mitigate the negative effects of the HMs and improve neo-PLB formation, there was no improvement to neo-PLB formation. Hybrid Cymbidium is thus an extremely HM-sensitive species. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 24(1): 47-55, 2014 (June) D. O. I. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v24i1.19195
Direct Organogenesis and Genetic Characterization of Solanum pseudocapsicum L. in vitro Regenerated Plants
Authors: Nath Sayantani , Das Anusree
Published: June 2014

Solanum pseudocapsicum L. is an unexplored plant of Solanaceae having horticultural and medicinal importance. Earlier the in vitro morphogenic potential of this plant species has not been explored. Induction of direct organogenesis was obtained from internodes, leaf bases and root explants from in vitro grown seedlings and plants  in MS supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of BAP (0.44 - 8.88 µM/l) and IAA (0.29 - 2.85 µM/l). Direct organogenesis was achieved in 90% of internodes, 65% of leaf bases and 75% of root explants. The optimum regeneration medium was MS supplemented with 4.44 µM/l BAP and 1.43 µM/l IAA. The regeneration rate observed six weeks after culture was approximately 20, 9 and 12 shoot buds/explants from internodes, leaf bases and root explants, respectively. cDNA RAPD analysis from organogenic stages was carried out and revealed distinct gene expression pattern. In vitro rooting in 100% shoots was achieved on MS within ten days of culture. Successfully hardened rooted plants (R0) on transfer  to the field  produced flowers, fruits and viable seeds (R1). Genetic characterization of R0 and R1 plants revealed stability and uniformity at the chromosomal and genomic DNA level. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 24(1): 65-76, 2014 (June)  D. O. I. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v24i1.19201
Tissue-Specific Metabolic Profile Study of Moringa oleifera L. Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Mahmud Iqbal , Chowdhury Kamal , Boroujerdi Arezue
Published: June 2014

Moringa oleifera L. an important multipurpose crop, is rich in various phytochemicals: flavonoids, antioxidants, vitamins, minerals and carotenes. The purpose of this study was to profile the groups of metabolites in leaf and stem tissues of M. oleifera. Various sugars, amino acids, and organic acid derivatives were found in all of the M. oleifera tissues with different profiles and/or peak intensities depending on the tissue. 1D proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was applied for collecting metabolite spectra. Approximately 30 metabolites with 2 unknown peaks were identified with Chenomx and verified with MMCD databases. Among these metabolites, 22 were identified as common in both leaf and stem tissues. Of the remaining 8 metabolites, 4-aminobutyrate, adenosine, guanosine, tyrosine, and p-cresol were found only in leaf tissues; however, glutamate, glutamine, and tryptophan were found only in stem tissues. Biochemical pathway analysis revealed that 28 identified metabolites were interconnected with 36 different pathways as well as related to different fatty acids and secondary metabolite-synthesis biochemical pathways. It is well known that different tissues of M. oleifera have nutritional, medicinal, and therapeutic values; therefore, our main objective is to provide a publicly available M. oliefera tissue specific metabolite database. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 24(1): 77-86, 2014 (June) D. O. I. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v24i1.19214
Micropropagation of Environmental Stress Tolerant Local Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties of Bangladesh
Authors: Parveen Fazlima , Khatun Mahmuda , Islam Aparna
Published: June 2014

In vitro response of four explants namely, leaf, shoot apex, nodal and internodal, in three stress tolerant Bangladeshi potato varieties, viz. Zaubilati, Shadaguti and Challisha were tested. Of all the varieties, Shadaguti responded best for all the explants. Among the explants nodal segment responded best, followed by shoot apex. For all these explants and varieties, shoot regeneration response was tested in response to two cytokines, BAP and Kn. When compared between BAP and Kn supplementation, Kn treatment performed better than that of BAP for nodal and shoot apex, while opposite was observed for remaining explants. Interestingly, hormone free basal PROP medium was found to be best for nodal explants of both Zaubilati and Challisha varieties. While nodal explants of Shadaguti showed the best result in 0.5 mg/l Kn. Shoot apex  performed best in 0.5 mg/l Kn  for all the varieties. As an explant both internode and leaf did not perform well. Direct regeneration from these explants was found best in PROP + 0.2 mg/l GA3 + 0.5 mg/l IAA;  1.0 mg/l BAP, 1.5 mg/l BAP and 2.0 mg/l BAP for Zaubilai, Challisha and Shadaguti, respectively. For rooting, of the in vitro grown shoots half strength of PROP medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l IBA was found to be best. Cent percent survival of transplanted plantlets was recorded. The successful protocol for in vitro regeneration was developed which can be used for large scale production of these abiotic stress tolerant potato varieties. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 24(1): 101-109, 2014 (June) D. O. I. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v24i1.19218
Cloning and Characterization of Alcohol Dehydrogenase (Adh) Promoter Region for Expression Under Submergence and Salinity Stress
Authors: Ashraf Mohammad Arif , Biswas Sudip , Razzaque Samsad , Haque Taslima , Seraj Zeba I
Published: June 2014

The characterization of promoter is important for developing stress tolerant crops as well as understanding the role of promoters in regulating gene expression. The current study was initiated with an aim to characterize the Adh promoter under salinity and submergence stress in rice calli. The upstream regions (~1kb) of the Adh gene was amplified from the genomic DNA of Arabidopsis (Columbia Ecotype). The amplified product was then cloned successively into an entry and promoter-characterization binary destination vector having the reporter gene ?-glucuronidase (GUS) by applying Gateway Technology. A positive clone was confirmed by applying PCR, restriction digestion and sequencing. The construct was then transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 strain and rice calli infected with the latter. In both salt and submergence stresses, Adh could selectively express GUS gene activity up to two-fold compared to control. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 24(1): 111-120, 2014 (June) D. O. I. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v24i1.19252
Morphological and Physiological Characterization of Embryogenic and Non-embryogenic Tissues of Centella asiatica
Authors: Lai Kok Song , Yusoff Khatijah , Mahmood Maziah
Published: June 2014

Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 24(1): 125-129, 2014 (June)D. O. I. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v24i1.19257
The Spaces of Containment: Valérie Jouve's Urban Portraits
Authors: Smith Olga
Published: June 2014

This article analyses the complex dynamics between the human body and the urban environment in the work of French photographer Valérie Jouve. Focussing on a number of works drawn from the series Les Personnages and Les Façades, I propose the notion of containment to be crucial to the study of Jouve's urban portraits. I first approach it as a matter of containment of the human body by the civic and architectural structures of the city, arguing that Jouve renders visible the usually hidden mechanisms of such containment. This leads me to consider the question of boundaries and the relationship of the urban centre to its periphery, which, in the context of France, is bound up with narratives of social stratification. In the final part of the article I consider Jouve's photography as the space of representation, contained by the photographic frame, with theoretical discourse on the tableau providing the main analytical framework.
La Carte et le territoire: Mapping, Photography and the Visualization of Contemporary France
Authors: Welch Edward
Published: June 2014

Drawing on recent work by novelist Michel Houellebecq and photographer Raymond Depardon, this article examines the relationship between visual culture, spatial change and modernization in contemporary France. Investigating how Houellebecq foregrounds the visual representation of space in his novel La Carte et le territoire (2010), the article goes on to align the questions it raises with the six-year photographic tour of France undertaken by Raymond Depardon during the first decade of the twenty-first century. It considers Depardon's portrait of contemporary France in the context of his previous engagement with spatial change and state-led planning as part of the Mission photographique de la DATAR of the 1980s. It explores the vision of spatial layering and heterogeneity which emerges from the project, and discusses how it reasserts the importance of photography for capturing and articulating territorial identity and spatial change.
Retour/détour: Bruno Boudjelal's Jours intranquilles
Authors: Jackson Amanda Crawley
Published: June 2014

This paper explores the photographic series made by French-Algerian artist Bruno Boudjelal in Algeria during the ‘black decade’ of civil war in the 1990s. The paper opens with a study of the artist's return to Algeria following the disclosure of his hidden Algerian origins, but makes the case that this retour is better described as a détour, in which the linear temporalities of return and the teleology of origin give way to a provisional intersection of trajectories and an ongoing, negotiated sense of cultural identity. It then goes on to consider the ways in which Boudjelal's images, in their negotiation of the well documented regime of (in)visibility that prevailed in Algeria during that period, re-work the indexicality of the photographic medium by means of an indirect (or détourné) representational practice that facilitates a reappraisal of what constitutes the ‘real’ in a context where the real is manipulated for politico-ideological reasons through censorship and spectacle.
Annie Ernaux, 1989: Diaries, Photographic Writing and Self-Vivisection
Authors: Kawakami Akane
Published: June 2014

This article attempts to create a portrait of ‘Annie Ernaux’ in 1989, by examining her acts of self-portrayal in that year in Se perdre, Journal du dehors, L'Atelier noir and Passion simple. It describes and analyses her practice of a ‘photographic writing’ in her diaries, and links this to her preference for the material over the abstract, which leads her to examine the traces left by her self in her diaries as concrete evidence of her passage through time. This auto-ethnological approach culminates in the dissection of her thoughts and feelings, in L'Atelier noir, even as she is experiencing them – in ‘real time’ – a practice I call ‘self-vivisection’. The article concludes that the presence in the public domain of Ernaux's various kinds of self-writing, which all bear a relation to the photographic medium, might be said to constitute a composite photograph of her ‘self’ in 1989.
Clinical Data Integration Model
Authors: Curcin V. , Barton A. , McGilchrist M. M. , Bastiaens H. , Andreasson A. , Rossiter J. , Zhao L. , Arvanitis T. N. , Taweel A. , Delaney B. C. , Burgun A. , Ethier J. -F.
Published: June 2014

Introduction: This article is part of the Focus Theme of Methods of Information in Medicine on “Managing Interoperability and Complexity in Health Systems”.

Background: Primary care data is the single richest source of routine health care data. However its use, both in research and clinical work, often requires data from multiple clinical sites, clinical trials databases and registries. Data integration and interoperability are therefore of utmost importance.

Objectives: TRANSFoRm’s general approach relies on a unified interoperability framework, described in a previous paper. We developed a core ontology for an interoperability framework based on data mediation. This article presents how such an ontology, the Clinical Data Integration Model (CDIM), can be designed to support, in conjunction with appropriate terminologies, biomedical data federation within TRANSFoRm, an EU FP7 project that aims to develop the digital infrastructure for a learning healthcare system in European Primary Care.

Methods: TRANSFoRm utilizes a unified structural / terminological interoperability frame work, based on the local-as-view mediation paradigm. Such an approach mandates the global information model to describe the domain of interest independently of the data sources to be explored. Following a requirement analysis process, no ontology focusing on primary care research was identified and, thus we designed a realist ontology based on Basic Formal Ontology to support our framework in collaboration with various terminologies used in primary care.

Results: The resulting ontology has 549 classes and 82 object properties and is used to support data integration for TRANSFoRm’s use cases. Concepts identified by researchers were successfully expressed in queries using CDIM and pertinent terminologies. As an example, we illustrate how, in TRANSFoRm, the Query Formulation Workbench can capture eligibility criteria in a computable representation, which is based on CDIM.

Conclusion: A unified mediation approach to semantic interoperability provides a flexible and extensible framework for all types of interaction between health record systems and research systems. CDIM, as core ontology of such an approach, enables simplicity and consistency of design across the heterogeneous software landscape and can support the specific needs of EHR-driven phenotyping research using primary care data.
Controlling mechanical properties of bio-inspired hydrogels by modulating nano-scale, inter-polymeric junctions
Authors: Hong Seonki , Lee Hyukjin , Lee Haeshin
Published: June 2014

Quinone tanning is a well-characterized biochemical process found in invertebrates, which produce diverse materials from extremely hard tissues to soft water-resistant adhesives. Herein, we report new types of catecholamine PEG derivatives, PEG-NH-catechols that can utilize an expanded spectrum of catecholamine chemistry. The PEGs enable simultaneous participation of amine and catechol in quinone tanning crosslinking. The intermolecular reaction between PEG-NH-catechols forms a dramatic nano-scale junction resulting in enhancement of gelation kinetics and mechanical properties of PEG hydrogels compared to results obtained by using PEGs in the absence of amine groups. Therefore, the study provides new insight into designing new crosslinking chemistry for controlling nano-scale chemical reactions that can broaden unique properties of bulk hydrogels.
Adamantinoma
Authors: Holden Darlene M. , Joyce Michael J. , Sundaram Murali
Published: June 2014

A 73-year-old woman with no significant past medical history presents with a palpable lump in the midshaft of the left tibia and intermittent mild discomfort for the past 8 months.
Subaquatic Reaming During Arthrodesis of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint to Prevent Thermal Necrosis of Bone
Authors: Moore Jeffrey , Berberian Wayne S.
Published: June 2014

When performing fusions of the first metatarsophalangeal joint, it has been hypothesized that the use of a cup and cone reamer may cause thermal necrosis, leading to potential nonunion. The friction created by the reamer spinning against the bone has been shown to cause elevations of temperatures capable of causing thermal necrosis. Failing to cool the bony–reamer interface, or doing so inadequately with a bulb syringe, increases the patient’s odds of experiencing a nonunion. The authors describe a simple technique that prevents significant temperature elevations at the reamer–bony interface, decreasing the potential for thermal necrosis and increasing the likelihood of successful fusion. The authors have performed this procedure for several patients without complications. [
Orthopedics.
2014; 37(6):389–391.]
Pirogoff Amputation for a Bilateral Traumatic Lower-extremity Amputee: Indication and Technique
Authors: Ipaktchi Kyros , Seidl Adam , Banegas Rodrigo , Hak David , Mauffrey Cyril
Published: June 2014

Although only a small portion of all lower-extremity amputations in the United States are of traumatic origin, almost half of all living amputees have sustained traumatic amputations. This particular epidemiology is explained by the younger age, and thus longer life expectancy, of traumatic amputees. In this group especially, restoration and lifelong maintenance of ambulation and mobility is essential. The authors present the case of a bilateral traumatic lower-leg amputee whose management included a Pirogoff amputation. Although this amputation technique is not widely used, the authors believe it greatly facilitated stump and soft tissue management in this case and allowed for improved mobility. The indication for and technique of Pirogoff amputation are described, and a brief overview of amputation techniques in the foot is provided. [
Orthopedics.
2014; 37(6):397–401.]
Systematic Review of High-volume Multimodal Wound Infiltration in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Banerjee Purnajyoti , Rogers Benedict A.
Published: June 2014

Educational Objectives

As a result of reading this article, physicians should be able to:

1.

Understand the high-quality evidence regarding the use of multimodal high-volume local wound infiltration in total knee arthroplasty.

2.

Understand the contents of the drugs used, intraoperative infiltration techniques, and postoperative placement and use of a wound catheter.

3.

Explain the effects of using wound infiltration in immediate postoperative pain relief, early mobilization, and length of hospital stay after total knee arthroplasty.

4.

Understand the safety and complications associated with this technique.

Pain relief following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is challenging because early mobilization and rehabilitation are essential for a successful outcome. Postoperative pain can limit recovery, leading to reduced mobility and prolonged hospitalization. There are potential benefits of infiltrating high volumes of local anesthetics around the soft tissues of replaced hip and knee joints. The risk of systemic toxicity is minimized with diluted local anesthetic solution, which also allows a high volume to be used. One of the principal advantages is that analgesia agents are administered intraoperatively by the surgeon, thereby minimizing the need for additional invasive procedures. The authors conducted a systematic review to evaluate whether high-volume multimodal wound infiltration reduces pain and opiate intake while enhancing early rehabilitation and discharge when used in patients undergoing TKA. Only randomized controlled studies were included. Although better pain relief in the immediate postoperative period with wound infiltration is gained after TKA, there is no definite evidence that this leads to a reduction in opiate consumption, the achievement of early milestones, or a reduction in hospital stay. The roles of individual agents in achieving pain relief and the use of percutaneous wound catheter for postoperative doses are also unclear. There are few reports of complications, including falls and delayed mobilization, when femoral nerve blocks are used. Wound infiltration analgesia should be used at the preference of the surgeon and anesthetist provided regular review of their practice is undertaken to identify any untoward side effects. Further randomized trials with sufficient sample size comparing each outcome, including pain scores, opiate consumption, and length of hospital stay, should be undertaken. [
Orthopedics.
2014; 37(6):403–412.]
No Advantage to rhBMP-2 in Addition to Autogenous Graft for Fracture Nonunion
Authors: Takemoto Richelle , Forman Jordanna , Taormina David P. , Egol Kenneth A.
Published: June 2014

Bone morphogenetic proteins are a necessary component of the fracture healing cascade. Few studies have delineated the efficacy of iliac crest bone graft and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2), especially, in comparison with the gold standard treatment of nonunion, which is autogenous bone graft alone. This study compared the outcome of patients with fracture nonunion treated with autogenous bone graft plus rhBMP-2 adjuvant vs patients treated with autogenous bone graft alone. A total of 118 consecutive patients who were to undergo long bone nonunion surgery with autogenous bone graft (50) or autogenous bone graft plus rhBMP-2 (68) were identified. Surgical intervention included either harvested iliac autogenous bone graft or autogenous bone graft plus 1.5 mg/mL of rhBMP-2 placed in and around the site of nonunion. No differences were found in the distribution of nonunion sites included within each group. Twelve-month follow-up was obtained on 100 of 118 patients (84.7%). Analyses of demographic characteristics (including tobacco), medical comorbidities, previous surgeries, and nonunion type (atrophic vs hypertrophic) did not differ. Postoperative complication rates did not differ. The percentage of patients who progressed to union did not differ. Mean time to union in the autogenous bone graft plus rhBMP-2 group was 6.6 months (±3.9) vs 5.4 (±2.7) months in the autogenous bone graft–only group (
P
=.06). Rates of revision (16.2% for rhBMP-2 plus autogenous bone graft vs 8% for autogenous bone graft) did not differ statistically (
P
=.19), nor did 12-month scores of pain and functional assessment. Although rhBMP-2 is a safe adjuvant, there was no benefit seen when rhBMP-2 was added to autogenous bone graft in the treatment of long bone nonunion. Given its high cost, rhBMP-2 should be reconsidered as an aid to autogenous bone graft in the treatment of nonunion.
Operative Versus Nonoperative Treatment for Complex Proximal Humeral Fractures: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Jia Zhiwei , Li Wei , Qin Yingyi , Li Haifeng , Wang Deli , Zhang Chao , He Qing , Ruan Dike
Published: June 2014

Whether operative treatment for complex proximal humeral fractures has a greater benefit over nonoperative treatment is uncertain. The authors conducted a meta-analysis to include all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to determine the advantages and disadvantages of operative vs nonoperative treatment. Multiple databases, online registries of RCTs, and proceedings from major meetings were systematically searched up to November 2012. Randomized controlled trials comparing operative and non-operative treatment for 3- and 4-part proximal humeral fractures were included. Two authors independently assessed methodological quality and extracted data. Seven articles with a total of 286 patients met inclusion criteria. No significant differences were found between operative and nonoperative treatment regarding Constant score, the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, Simple Shoulder Test, 15 Dimensions, and complications. Health-related quality of life according to the EuroQol-5D score in operative treatment showed statistically, but not clinically, significant improvement compared with nonoperative treatment. Operative treatment could significantly increase the incidence of additional surgery at 12- and 24-month follow-up compared with nonoperative treatment. However, sensitivity analysis showed a higher additional surgery rate at 12-month follow-up remained unstable. On the basis of current evidence, both operative and nonoperative treatment can achieve a similar treatment effect on complex proximal humeral fractures, but operative treatment may increase the occurrence of additional surgery. However, due to some limitations, the result of this meta-analysis should be cautiously interpreted, and further studies are needed.
PET/CT Study of Temporal Variations in Blood Flow to the Femoral Head Following Low-energy Fracture of the Femoral Neck
Authors: Kumar Malhar N. , Belehalli Pavan , Ramachandra Prashanth
Published: June 2014

Earlier studies on femoral neck fractures have assessed the blood flow in either the pre- or postoperative period and information is lacking regarding changes in vascular flow to the femoral head after injury. Sixty-two adults with low-energy intracapsular femoral neck fractures were studied prospectively. Mean patient age was 57.2 years (range, 45–82 years). All patients underwent positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) prior to surgical intervention and 6 weeks after internal fixation. Internal fixation was done using cannulated cancellous titanium screws and serial follow-up radiographs were obtained (at monthly intervals for the first 3 months followed by 3 monthly intervals between radiographs up to 2 years). On the preoperative PET/CT, 13 patients showed intact vascularity, 31 showed total loss of vascularity, and 18 showed partial loss of vascularity of the femoral head. The 6-week postoperative PET/CT scan showed recovery of blood supply in 23 of the 31 patients with total loss of vascularity and 15 of the 18 patients with partial loss of vascularity of the femoral head. Eleven of 62 patients had total or partial avascularity at the 6-week postoperative PET/CT scan and all 11 patients showed evidence of avascular necrosis on plain radiographs at the end of 2 years. The association between the vascular status of the femoral head at 6 weeks and avascular necrosis at the end of 2 years was statistically significant (
P
<.001). This study shows that the femoral head undergoes temporal variations in blood flow following femoral neck fracture. Decreased or absent vascularity is seen in approximately 75% of the fractures and 80% of the femoral heads with initial vascular compromise seem to regain blood flow within 6 weeks. Thus, prognostication about vascularity based on single-point preoperative imaging is difficult. The 6-week postoperative PET/CT scan seems to be reliable in predicting the future status of the femoral head. However, decision making regarding hemiarthroplasty or internal fixation at the time of injury may have to depend on factors other than the preoperative vascular status of the femoral head.
Pseudoaneurysm After Arthroscopic Subacromial Decompression and Distal Clavicle Excision
Authors: Webb Brian G. , Elliott Michael P.
Published: June 2014

Arthroscopic shoulder surgery is considered a safe and effective method of treating a variety of shoulder pathologies and is associated with a low complication rate. The type and rate of complications can vary, depending on the procedure, positioning, surgical time, and anesthesia. Fortunately, neurovascular injuries occur infrequently. Numerous studies have described the proximity of neurovascular structures to portals placed in shoulder arthroscopy, in both the beach chair and the lateral decubitus positions. Accurate portal placement is important to avoid damage to adjacent neurovascular structures. Inaccurate placement of portals can lead to inadvertent damage to these structures and create more difficulty with visualization and angle of instrumentation, possibly compromising the success of the procedure. This article describes a 50-year-old man who underwent arthroscopic subacromial decompression and distal clavicle excision for persistent subacromial impingement and acromioclavicular arthritis. During postoperative follow-up, the patient had a small, bulging area located near the anterior portal site. Examination showed a well-healed anterior portal site with a small (approximately 2×2 cm), nontender, immobile mass located within the deep soft tissues just below the anterior portal incision. Ultrasound evaluation showed a pseudoaneurysm of a branch off the axillary artery. The patient underwent successful embolization of the pseudoaneurysm, with complete resolution of symptoms.
Uncommon Complication After Revision Hip Surgery
Authors: Sakellariou Vasileios I. , Papadopoulos Elias C. , Babis George C.
Published: June 2014

Cauda equina syndrome is an uncommon complication of ankylosing spondylitis characterized by the slow and insidious development of severe neurologic impairment related to dural ectasia. This report describes a unique case of cauda equina syndrome in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis after hip revision surgery. A 70-year-old man with long-standing ankylosing spondylitis underwent standard hip revision surgery; combined spinal and general anesthesia was administered. Pain was controlled with intravenous opioids postoperatively (patient-controlled analgesia). As per routine protocol, on the first postoperative day, the patient remained supine on a hip abduction pillow; mobilization was initiated on the second postoperative day. On postoperative day 1, the patient had severe low back pain that was controlled with patient-controlled analgesia. On postoperative day 2, the Foley catheter was removed and the patient sat and dangled. Back pain persisted while supine; in addition, the patient noticed involuntary loss of urine. On postoperative day 3, the patient had below-the-knee numbness that progressed to saddle anesthesia and foot flexor and extensor weakness. An epidural hematoma was suspected and urgent magnetic resonance imaging was performed, which showed severe degenerative stenosis at the L4-L5 level (mainly by dense ligamentum flavum). An L4-L5 decompression and instrumented fusion was performed; intraoperatively, L4-L5 was found to be the sole mobile segment. The extension of the spine in the supine position that completely obliterated the spinal canal was considered the mechanism of cauda equina syndrome. The intensity of back pain is a good indicator of a severe spinal lesion; however, pain can be dampened by intravenous opioids. High suspicion is required in patients with preexisting spinal pathology, such as ankylosing spondylitis.
B2B E-Commerce Institutionalization in SMEs in Less Developed Countries
Authors: Ali A Almaaf Bader , Miao Jian-Jun , Tran Quang-Dung
Published: June 2014

The adoption of e-commerce technologies is an organization-learning process. Existing literature on the adoption has not been adequately addressed on this nature. This study develops a model and instrument to investigate the determinants of both initial adoption of e-commerce and its sophisticated extent in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in less developed countries' context. A model is tested empirically by using the data collected in Saudi Arabia. Since the sophistication of e-commerce is essential to gain full benefits from the technology, it is important to understand well influential factors of a decision of sophisticated adoption. Therefore, this present study is a necessary contribution to the literature.
Usability Testing of an Interactive Online Movie Download Service
Authors: Darisipudi Ashok , Sharma Sushil K. , Zhang Jeff , Harris Tom , Smith Sheila
Published: June 2014

The Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is gaining momentum as more and more people increasingly are using technology tools and devises for their daily activities. Users expect highly effective and easy-to-learn interfaces and developers and designers now realize the crucial role the users' interface plays. HCI and System Usability design have greater significance in media use as the usability problems can adversely affect the large population of users depending on the overall usability of system design and the user interface design. This study is conducted to get rich and detailed feedback of users' personal experiences and usability of a new movie download software application and subscription service. This is achieved by a different approach of using eye-tracking methodology in conjunction with usability software for usability testing. Study gave rich information of quantitative data from eye-tracking and usability software for better analysis of the product.
Study of Performance on Reduce Fragility and Increase the Toughness of Fly Ash Ceramsite Concrete
Authors: Li Rui , Zhang Xiao Hua , Meng Yun Fang
Published: June 2014

High strength fly ash ceramsite concrete has the advantages of low density, high compressive strength, but the brittleness is too large, limiting its application in engineering. In order to solve this problem, we used Carbon fiber in the orthogonal test. The results show that Carbon fiber can obviously improve the tension compression ratio of fly ash ceramisite concrete, improve the strength of fly ash ceramsite concrete brittleness.
Study on the Oxidation and Spontaneous Combustion Characteristics of Jurassic Coal in North Shaanxi
Authors: Deng Jun , Wang Kai , Zhai Xiao Wei
Published: June 2014

Proximate and ultimate analysis, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis experiments were carried out to study the spontaneous combustion oxidation based characteristic of six Jurassic coal samples from North Shaanxi in West China and three Permo-carboniferous coal samples from East China. The results showed that the characteristic of north Shaanxi Jurassic coal was low ash, low sulfur, high volatile, high oxygen content and amorphous structure. More type and quantity of reactive functional groups existed in the original Jurassic coal, such as carboxyl, methyl, methylene and ether oxygen. And the characteristic temperatures of north Shaanxi Jurassic coal sample in the oxidation and spontaneous combustion process was lower than other coal samples, due to the participation in the reaction with oxygen of the more active functional groups.