bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Injuries in outdoor climbing: a retrospective single-centre cohort study at a level 1 emergency department in Switzerland
Authors: Krieger Chantal Selina , Vesa Doris-Viviana , Ziegenhorn Stephan , Exadaktylos Aristomenis Konstantinos , Klukowska-Rötzler Jolanta , Brodmann Maeder Monika
Published: March 2022

Objectives

Outdoor rock climbing has become popular in recent years. However, few data have been published on climbing accidents in Switzerland, even though the Swiss Alps are a major climbing resort.

To analyse data on accidents related to outdoor climbing treated in the Emergency Department (ED) of University Hospital Bern, Switzerland.

Methods

A retrospective database search for accidents related to outdoor climbing was conducted in the clinical reporting system E.care of the ED of University Hospital Bern for the period April 2012–December 2018.

Results

78 patients were treated after an accident related to outdoor climbing, which accounted for 1 per 3571 (0.028%) of all ED visits during this period. Mean age was 35.8±10.4 years. 76% of patients were male. Falls were the most common mechanism of injury (64%), followed by rock or ice falling on the climber (21%). Injuries affected multiple body regions (38%) or only the lower limbs (22%). Most injuries were fractures (68%). Mean ISS was 7.5 (1–38), and grade 3 UIAA MedCom injuries were most common (45%). 11 cases of polytrauma occurred and one fatality. 44 patients needed inpatient admission. Mean duration of inpatient stay was 7 days. Mean costs per patient were 12 283 CHF.

Conclusions

Accidents related to outdoor climbing accounted for a small number of patients seen in the University ED Bern. Further research should be on a nationwide basis, with collection of specific climbing data like use of a helmet and experience of climbing to inform injury prevention strategies. This should shed further light on this topic, as would a prospective study using the International Alpine Trauma Register.
Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals intrahepatic and peripheral immune characteristics related to disease phases in HBV-infected patients
Authors: Zhang Chao , Li Jiesheng , Cheng Yongqian , Meng Fanping , Song Jin-Wen , Fan Xing , Fan Hongtao , Li Jing , Fu Yu-Long , Zhou Ming-Ju , Hu Wei , Wang Si-Yu , Fu Yuan-Jie , Zhang Ji-Yuan , Xu Ruo-Nan , Shi Ming , Hu Xueda , Zhang Zemin , Ren Xianwen , Wang Fu-Sheng
Published: March 2022

Objective

A comprehensive immune landscape for HBV infection is pivotal to achieve HBV cure.

Design

We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of 2 43 000 cells from 46 paired liver and blood samples of 23 individuals, including six immune tolerant, 5 immune active (IA), 3 acute recovery (AR), 3 chronic resolved and 6 HBV-free healthy controls (HCs). Flow cytometry and histological assays were applied in a second HBV cohort for validation.

Results

Both IA and AR were characterised by high levels of intrahepatic exhausted CD8+ T (Tex) cells. In IA, Tex cells were mainly derived from liver-resident GZMK+ effector memory T cells and self-expansion. By contrast, peripheral CX3CR1+ effector T cells and GZMK+ effector memory T cells were the main source of Tex cells in AR. In IA but not AR, significant cell–cell interactions were observed between Tex cells and regulatory CD4+ T cells, as well as between Tex and FCGR3A+ macrophages. Such interactions were potentially mediated through human leukocyte antigen class I molecules together with their receptors CANX and LILRBs, respectively, contributing to the dysfunction of antiviral immune responses. By contrast, CX3CR1+GNLY+ central memory CD8+ T cells were concurrently expanded in both liver and blood of AR, providing a potential surrogate marker for viral resolution. In clinic, intrahepatic Tex cells were positively correlated with serum alanine aminotransferase levels and histological grading scores.

Conclusion

Our study dissects the coordinated immune responses for different HBV infection phases and provides a rich resource for fully understanding immunopathogenesis and developing effective therapeutic strategies.
Unscheduled care pathways in patients with myocardial infarction in Scotland
Authors: Hodgins Peter , McMinn Megan , Shah Anoop , Reed Matthew J , Mercer Stewart , Guthrie Bruce
Published: March 2022

Objective

Treatment of acute myocardial infarction (MI) requires rapid transfer of people with chest pain to hospital, however, unscheduled care pathways vary in their directness (the minimal number of contacts to hospital admission). The aim was to examine unscheduled care pathways and the associations with mortality in people admitted with MI.

Methods

Retrospective population study of all people admitted to Scottish hospitals with a diagnosis of MI between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2017. Linked data for all National Health Service Scotland unscheduled care services (NHS24 telephone triage service, primary care out of hours, ambulance, emergency department (ED)) was used to define continuous unscheduled care pathways (pathways), which were categorised by initial contact, and whether they were ‘direct’ (had minimum number of contacts between first contact and admission). Analysis estimated ORs and 95% CIs in adjusted models in which all covariates were included.

Results

26 325 people admitted with MI (63.1% men, 61.6% aged 65+ years), of whom 5.6% died from coronary heart disease within 28 days. For 47.0%, the first unscheduled care contact was ambulance, 23.3% attended ED directly and 18.7% called telephone triage. 92.1% of pathways were direct. Pathways starting with telephone triage were more likely to be indirect compared with other initial contacts (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.97, 95% CI 1.61 to 2.40). Compared to direct pathways, indirect pathways starting with telephone triage were associated with higher mortality (aOR 1.97, 95% CI 1.61 to 2.40) as were indirect pathways starting with another service (aOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.01), but not direct pathways starting with telephone triage (aOR 0.87, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.02).

Conclusion

Unscheduled care pathways leading to admission with MI in Scotland are usually direct, but those starting with telephone triage were more commonly indirect. Those indirect pathways were associated with higher mortality.
Driving offences and risk of subsequent crash in novice drivers: the DRIVE cohort study 12-year follow-up
Authors: Möller Holger , Cullen Patricia , Senserrick Teresa , Rogers Kris , Boufous Soufiane , Ivers Rebecca Q
Published: March 2022

Background

Penalties are a key component to improve road user safety, but previous studies suggested that they might not be successful in reducing crashing in offending drivers. However, these studies were not able to consider important crash risk factors in the analysis that might confound the results. Using data from a large prospective cohort study of young drivers in New South Wales, Australia, we explored if novice drivers with driving offences have a higher rates of car crash and if these differences are explained by established crash risk factors.

Methods

We used data from a 2003/2004 Australian survey of young drivers, linked to police reported offence and crash data, hospital data and deaths data up to 2016. We used Poisson regression models adjusted for confounders to estimate the association between driving offences during 2003–2006 with car crash during 2007–2016.

Results

The study cohort comprised 20 781 young drivers of whom 7860 drivers (37.8%) had at least one driving offence and 2487 (12.0%) were involved in at least one crash. After adjusting for confounders in the regression model, drivers with three or more driving offences had 2.25 (95% CI 1.98 to 2.57), 2.87 (95% CI 1.60 to 5.17) and 3.28 (95% CI 2.28 to 4.72) times higher rates of any crash, crashes that resulted in hospital admission or death and single vehicle crashes compared with drivers with no driving offences.

Conclusion

Measures that successfully mitigate the underlying risk factors for both, crashes and offences, have the potential to improve road safety.
Injury patterns in competitive and recreational surfing: a systematic review
Authors: Monteiro Carlos Eduardo Miguelote de Pinho , Moreira-Pinto João , Queiroga Ana Catarina
Published: March 2022

Context

Despite the growing evidence regarding surf-related injuries, investigation seems to overlook the differences between professional and recreational surfers’ injuries and their specific risk factors.

Objective

This review aimed at identifying differences in injuries sustained by recreational and competitive surfers. It also presents research gaps and suggests recommendations for future injury research and prevention.

Methods

Study search was conducted on MEDLINE/PubMed, SportDiscus and Web of Science databases. To be included studies needed to report original data, clearly specify if recreational and/or competitive surfers were included, provide information regarding acute surfing injuries and/or analyse data concerning those injuries.

Results

17 studies were included in the analysis. All included studies had at least Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine level of evidence 3. The percentage of recreational surfers sustaining at least one injury ranged from 31% to 35% in the 12 months prior to data collection and from 88% to 100% in lifetime while 42% to 49% and 81% to 100% of competitors were injured over the same periods. Competitive surfers appear to have a higher injury risk. Both recreational and competitive surfers appear to sustain more frequently skin, joint/ligament and muscle/tendon injuries affecting the lower limbs and caused by contact with their own equipment.

Conclusions

Competitive status, less surfing experience, older age and prior surgical injuries are risk factors for sustaining injuries while surfing. The most common types, anatomical locations and mechanisms of injury seem to be similar between recreational and competitive surfers.
FimH confers mannose-targeting ability to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin for improved immunotherapy in bladder cancer
Authors: Zhang Yang , Huo Fan , Cao Qiang , Jia Ru , Huang Qiju , Wang Zhu A , Theodorescu Dan , Lv Qiang , Li Pengchao , Yan Chao
Published: March 2022

Background

Bladder cancer is a common disease worldwide with most patients presenting with the non-muscle-invasive form (NMIBC) at initial diagnosis. Postoperational intravesical instillation of BCG is carried out for patients with high-risk disease to reduce tumor recurrence and progression to muscle invasive disease. However, BCG can also have side effects or be ineffective in some patients because it cannot enter the cancer cells. Thus, to improve the efficacy of BCG immunotherapy is the long-term pursuit of the bladder cancer field.

Methods

To increase the adhesion of BCG to the urothelium we overexpressed FimH, a mannose binding protein naturally used by uropathogenicEscherichia colito adhere to human urothelium, onto the surface of BCG. The adhesion/internalization ability of rBCG-S.FimH was examined in mouse bladder by fluorescence microscopy. Preclinical evaluation of antitumor efficacy was carried out in orthotopic mouse models of bladder cancer and in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Mechanistic studies were carried out using toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) knockout mice. Immune cells and cytokines in the serum, tumor and lymph nodes were analyzed by flow cytometry, PCR, ELISA and ELISPOT.

Results

rBCG-S.FimH exhibited markedly improved adhesion and more rapid internalization into urothelial cells than wild-type BCG, resulting in more potent antitumor activity in orthotopic murine models of bladder cancer. To our surprise, rBCG-S.FimH elicited a much more prominent Th1-biased immune response known to be positively correlated with BCG efficacy. Mechanistic studies using TLR4 knockout mouse showed that rBCG-S.FimH could induce enhanced dendritic cell activation and tumor antigen-specific immune response in a TLR4-dependent manner. Furthermore, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated by rBCG-S.FimH also showed better tumoricidal effects than those using wild-type BCG.

Conclusion

rBCG-S.FimH is a novel BCG strain with significantly improved efficacy against bladder cancer. Since intravesical BCG immunotherapy is the first-line treatment for NMIBC, which accounts for more than 70% of all bladder cancer cases, our results provide a compelling rationale for clinical development.
Effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the immune microenvironment in gastric cancer as determined by multiplex immunofluorescence and T cell receptor repertoire analysis
Authors: Xing Xiaofang , Shi Jinyao , Jia Yongning , Dou Yunsheng , Li Zhongwu , Dong Bin , Guo Ting , Cheng Xiaojing , Li Xiaomei , Du Hong , Hu Ying , Jia Shuqin , Zhang Jian , Li Ziyu , Ji Jiafu
Published: March 2022

Background

The combination of immune checkpoint blockade and chemotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of advanced gastric cancer (GC). It is crucial to unravel chemotherapy-induced tumor microenvironment (TME) modulation and identify which immunotherapy would improve antitumor effect.

Methods

In this study, tumor-associated immune cells (TAICs) infiltration in residual tumor after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) together with 1075 cases of treatment-naïve GC patients was analyzed first. Then we performed multiplex fluorescence staining of a panel of immune markers (CD3, CD4, CD8, FOXP3 and PDL1) and T cell receptor β-chain sequencing to phenotype and enumerate T cell subpopulations and clonal expansion in paired GC samples (prechemotherapy and postchemotherapy) from another cohort of 30 cases of stage II/III GC patients.

Results

Infiltration of CD68+macrophages in residual tumors after NAC was significantly decreased compared with treatment-naïve GC patients, while no significant difference observed with respect to other immune markers. In residual tumors, post-NAC CD8 +T cells and CD68+ macrophages levels were significantly associated with chemotherapy response. Post-NAC CD8+ T cell levels remained as an independent predictor for favorable prognosis. Furthermore, when comparing the paired samples before and after NAC from 30 cases of stage II/III GC patients, we found FOXP3+ regulatory T cells proportion significantly decreased after chemotherapy. Pre-NAC FOXP3+ T reg cells level was much richer in the response group and decreased more significantly in the stromal compartment. CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes levels were elevated after chemotherapy, which was more significant in the group treated with XELOX regimen and in patients with better response, consistent with the TCR diversity elevation.

Conclusions

These findings have deepened our understanding of the immune modulating effect of chemotherapy and suggest that the immune profile of specimens after standard chemotherapy should be considered for the personalized immunotherapy to ultimately improve clinical outcome in patients with GC.
Novel truncating variants inCTNNB1cause familial exudative vitreoretinopathy
Authors: He Yunqi , Yang Mu , Zhao Rulian , Peng Li , Dai Erkuan , Huang Lulin , Zhao Peiquan , Li Shujin , Yang Zhenglin
Published: March 2022

Background

Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is an inheritable blinding disorder with clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Heterozygous variants in theCTNNB1gene have been reported to cause FEVR. However, the pathogenic basis ofCTNNB1-associated FEVR has not been fully explored.

Methods

Whole-exome sequencing was performed on the genomic DNA of probands. Dual-luciferase reporter assay, western blotting and co-immunoprecipitation were used to characterise the impacts of variants. Quantitative real-time PCR, EdU (5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine) incorporation assay and immunocytochemistry were performed on the primary human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRECs) to investigate the effect ofCTNNB1depletion on the downstream genes involved in Norrin/β-catenin signalling, cell proliferation and junctional integrity, respectively. Transendothelial electrical resistance assay was applied to measure endothelial permeability. Heterozygous endothelial-specificCtnnb1-knockout mouse mice were generated to verify FEVR-like phenotypes in the retina.

Results

We identified two novel heterozygous variants (p.Leu103Ter and p.Val199LeufsTer11) and one previously reported heterozygous variant (p.His369ThrfsTer2) in theCTNNB1gene. These variants caused truncation and degradation of β-catenin that reduced Norrin/β-catenin signalling activity. Additionally, knockdown (KD) ofCTNNB1in HRECs led to diminished mRNA levels of Norrin/β-catenin targeted genes, reduced cell proliferation and compromised junctional integrity. The Cre-mediated heterozygous deletion ofCtnnb1in mouse endothelial cells (ECs) resulted in FEVR-like phenotypes. Moreover, LiCl treatment partially rescued the defects inCTNNB1-KD HRECs and EC-specificCtnnb1heterozygous knockout mice.

Conclusion

Our findings reinforced the current pathogenesis of Norrin/β-catenin for FEVR and expanded the causative variant spectrum ofCTNNB1for the prenatal diagnosis and genetic counselling of FEVR.
Predicting soil organic matter and soil moisture content from digital camera images: comparison of regression and machine learning approaches
Authors: Taneja Perry , Vasava Hiteshkumar Bhogilal , Fathololoumi Solmaz , Daggupati Prasad , Biswas Asim
Published: March 2022

Appropriate soil management maintains and improves the health of the entire ecosystem. Soil appropriate administration necessitates proper characterization of its properties including soil organic matter (SOM) and soil moisture content (SMC). Image-based soil characterization has shown strong potential in comparison with traditional methods. This study compared the performance of 22 different supervised regression and machine learning algorithms, including support vector machines (SVMs), Gaussian process regression (GPR) models, ensembles of trees, and artificial neural network (ANN), in predicting SOM and SMC from soil images taken with a digital camera in the laboratory setting. A total of 22 image parameters were extracted and used as predictor variables in the models in two steps. First models were developed using all 22 extracted features and then using a subset of six best features for both SOM and SMC. Saturation index (redness index) was the most important variable for SOM prediction, and contrast (median S) for SMC prediction, respectively. The color and textural parameters demonstrated a high correlation with both SOM and SMC. Results revealed a satisfactory agreement between the image parameters and the laboratory-measured SOM ( R2 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.74 and 9.80% using cubist) and SMC ( R2 and RMSE of 0.86 and 8.79% using random forest) for the validation data set using six predictor variables. Overall, GPR models and tree models (cubist, RF, and boosted trees) best captured and explained the nonlinear relationships between SOM, SMC, and image parameters for this study.
General one-loop formulas for $$H\rightarrow f\bar{f}\gamma $$ and its applications
Authors: Van On Vo , Tran Dzung Tri , Nguyen Chi Linh , Phan Khiem Hong
Published: March 2022

General one-loop contributions to the decay processes $$H\rightarrow f\bar{f}\gamma $$

H
→
f

f

¯

γ

and its applications are presented in this paper. We consider all possible contributions of the additional heavy vector gauge bosons, heavy fermions, and charged (also neutral) scalar particles propagating in Feynman loop diagrams. Therefore, analytic results are valid in a wide class of models beyond the Standard Model. Analytic formulas for the form factors are expressed in terms of Passarino-Veltman functions in the standard notations of . Hence, the decay rates can be evaluated numerically by using this package. The computations are then applied to the cases of the Standard Model, $$U(1)_{B-L}$$

U

(
1
)

B
-
L

extension of the Standard Model as well as Two Higgs Doublet Model. Phenomenological results for all the above models are studied. We observe that the effects of new physics are sizable contributions and these can be probed at future colliders.
Twistorial cohomotopy implies Green–Schwarz anomaly cancellation
Authors: Fiorenza Domenico , Sati Hisham , Schreiber Urs
Published: March 2022

We characterize the integral cohomology and the rational homotopy type of the maximal Borel-equivariantization of the combined Hopf/twistor fibration, and find that subtle relations satisfied by the cohomology generators are just those that govern Hořava–Witten’s proposal for the extension of the Green–Schwarz mechanism from heterotic string theory to heterotic M-theory. We discuss how this squares with the Hypothesis H that the elusive mathematical foundation of M-theory is based on charge quantization in tangentially twisted unstable Cohomotopy theory.
Thermal quantum correlations in a two-qubit Heisenberg model under Calogero–Moser and Dzyaloshinsky–Moriya interactions
Authors: Sbiri A. , Oumennana M. , Mansour M.
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we investigate the pairwise quantum correlations in a two-qubit anisotropic Heisenberg model under the interplay of Calogero–Moser (CM) and Dzyaloshinsky–Moriya (DM) interactions in the presence of the homogeneous and inhomogeneous magnetic fields. We employ, respectively, the logarithmic negativity and local quantum uncertainty (LQU) to characterize the degree of entanglement and the amount of quantum correlations between the two parties of the considered system in equilibrium with a thermal reservoir. We analyze and compare the behaviors of the two quantum correlation quantifiers in the thermal state of the chain spin system and we discuss how relative distance between spins, equilibrium temperature, DM interaction coupling parameter and the external magnetic fields strengths influence the variations of both quantum correlation measures in such system.
Topological Weak Specification and Distributional Chaos on Noncompact Spaces
Authors: Yadav Naveenkumar , Shah Sejal
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we relate the topological definitions of specification property and distributional chaos defined for uniformly continuous self-maps on noncompact, nonmetrizable spaces. We prove that a uniformly continuous surjective self-map acting on a uniformly locally compact Hausdorff uniform space with topologically weak specification property and a pair of distal points is topologically distributionally chaotic of type 1. This extends the result due to Oprocha and Štefánková [2008]. As a consequence, we get that uniformly continuous surjective self-map on a uniformly locally compact totally bounded Hausdorff uniform space with topological shadowing, topological mixing, and a distal pair is topologically distributionally chaotic of type 1.
Tangent Method and Some Dynamical Properties of an Oval-Like Billiard
Authors: da Costa Diogo Ricardo , Hansen Matheus , Silva Mário Roberto , Leonel Edson D.
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we consider the evolution of an ensemble of noninteracting classical particles confined in a closed region. Each one of these particles experiences several elastic collisions with a rigid-smooth oval-like boundary. As known in the literature, numerical simulations for this kind of system demand too much time, mostly because of the time spent in solving transcendental equations. To deal with that, we highlight an alternative approach to speed up the search of solutions for the transcendental equations via the tangent method, which has proved to be a faster way to solve this problem when compared with other methods, like the bisection one. The methods applied here are generic and can be used or adapted for other billiard boundaries.
Generalized Hopf Bifurcation of Semilinear FDEs in General Banach Spaces
Authors: Li Shangzhi
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we investigate the generalized Hopf bifurcation for semilinear functional differential equations in general Banach spaces by applying the Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction process. We not only obtain explicit expressions about the parameters of the original system, but also use these expressions to determine whether there are several periodic solutions when the parameters are changed. Moreover, an example is given to illustrate the theoretical results.
Finite-Time Stabilization of the Fractional Model of the Driven Dissipative Nonlinear Pendulum
Authors: Timofejeva Inga , Laukaitis Giedrius , Rinkevicius Zilvinas , Ragulskis Minvydas
Published: March 2022

Finite-time stabilization of the driven dissipative nonlinear pendulum is investigated in this paper. First, asymptotic and nonasymptotic convergence towards stable and unstable orbits of the ordinary model of the driven dissipative nonlinear pendulum is considered. It is shown that the existence of nonasymptotic convergence does not contradict the fact that time-reversal invariance holds true for the ordinary model of the driven dissipative nonlinear pendulum. Then, finite-time stabilization of unstable orbits of the fractional model of the driven dissipative nonlinear pendulum is discussed. The proposed stabilization technique is based on a proper selection of initial conditions and does not require any feedback loops. Computational experiments are used to illustrate the efficacy of the proposed finite-time stabilization techniques.
Chaos Induced by Heteroclinic Cycles Connecting Repellers for First-Order Partial Difference Equations
Authors: Li Zongcheng , Liu Zhonghua
Published: March 2022

This paper studies chaos and chaotification for a class of first-order partial difference equations with a finite or infinite system size by using the theory of heteroclinic cycles connecting repellers. Three criteria of chaos induced by regular and nondegenerate heteroclinic cycles connecting repellers or regular heteroclinic cycles connecting repellers are established, respectively. Especially, one chaotification theorem for general discrete systems in the finite-dimensional space [Formula: see text] or the infinite-dimensional space [Formula: see text] is established, which is also based on heteroclinic cycles connecting repellers. Then, by using this result, two chaotification schemes for first-order partial difference equations are established. For illustrating the existence of chaos and the validity of chaotification schemes, three examples are provided with computer simulations.
Sobolev meets Besov: Regularity for the Poisson equation with Dirichlet, Neumann and mixed boundary values
Authors: Schneider Cornelia , O. Szemenyei Flóra
Published: March 2022

We study the regularity of solutions of the Poisson equation with Dirichlet, Neumann and mixed boundary values in polyhedral cones [Formula: see text] in the specific scale [Formula: see text] of Besov spaces. The regularity of the solution in these spaces determines theorder of approximation that can be achieved by adaptive and nonlinear numerical schemes. We aim for a thorough discussion of homogeneous and inhomogeneous boundary data in all settings studied and show that the solutions are much smoother in this specific Besov scale compared to the fractional Sobolev scale [Formula: see text] in all cases,which justifies the use of adaptive schemes.
Model of hybrid star with baryonic and strange quark matter in Tolman–Kuchowicz spacetime
Authors: Rej Pramit , Bhar Piyali
Published: March 2022

The purpose of our work is to investigate some new features of a static anisotropic relativistic hybrid compact star composed of strange quark matter (SQM) in the inner core and normal baryonic matter distribution in the crust. Here we apply the simplest form of the phenomenological MIT bag model equation of state [Formula: see text] to correlate the density and pressure of strange quark matter within the stellar interior, whereas radial pressure and matter density due to baryonic matter are connected by the simple linear equation of state [Formula: see text]. In order to obtain the solution of the Einstein field equations, we have used the Tolman–Kuchowicz ansatz [R. C. Tolman, Static solutions of Einstein’s field equations for spheres of fluid, Phys. Rev. 55 (1939) 364–373; B. Kuchowicz, Acta Phys. Pol. 33 (1968) 541] and further derivation of the arbitrary constants from some physical conditions. Here, we examine our proposed model graphically and analytically in detail for physically plausible conditions. In particular, for this investigation, we have reported on the compact object Her [Formula: see text] [[Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text] km] in our paper as a strange quark star candidate. In order to check the physical validity and stability of our suggested model, we have performed various physical tests both analytically and graphically, namely, dynamical equilibrium of applied forces, energy conditions, compactness factor and surface redshift. Finally, we have found that our present model meets all the necessary physical requirements for a realistic model and can be studied for strange quark stars (SQS).
EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ECONOMIC FREEDOM, INCOME AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN SOUTH AFRICA: A VECM APPROACH
Authors: MAHADEA DARMA , KABANGE MARTIN
Published: March 2022

Entrepreneurship is an integral part of change and development, contributing positively to employment, poverty reduction and income growth. It flourishes in an institutional context of freedom rather than suppression. This paper examines the relationship between economic freedom, income and entrepreneurship in South Africa, using (1994–2019) time-series data. Economic freedom was measured by the Economic Freedom Index (FREE) as a proxy. Income and early-stage entrepreneurship were proxied by gross domestic product per capita (GDPC) and total entrepreneurial activity (TEA), respectively. Johansen cointegration tests and a vector error correction model (VECM) were used to estimate the short- and long-run associations between the variables. The results indicate a bi-directional short- and long-run cointegrating relationship between freedom and entrepreneurship; freedom is also found to be a significant predictor of GDPC in South Africa. Thus, improvements in real per capita GDP and economic freedom tend to enhance early-stage entrepreneurship, providing greater scope for business formations. Hence, a mindset change from radical economic transformation to pro-economic freedom might help in stimulating entrepreneurship.
Some new results for n-quasi-isometries*
Authors: Garbouj Zied
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this paper is to present new additive results for [Formula: see text]-quasi-isometries operators on Hilbert spaces. In particular Precisely, we focus on the study of the descent of a [Formula: see text]-quasi-isometry operator. Some spectral properties for this class of operators and decomposition theorems are also given. Part of the results proved in this paper improve and generalize some results known for isometries and quasi-isometries.
One note on positive A-computable numberings
Authors: Faizrahmanov Marat
Published: March 2022

A family of finite sets is said to be strongly coverable if it has a subfamily with the computable set of canonical indices, such that every set of the coverable family is a subset of some set of the covering subfamily. We prove that a set [Formula: see text] is low if and only if every finite strongly coverable [Formula: see text]-computable family has a positive [Formula: see text]-computable numbering. We also show that in the previous criterion the strong coverability of a finite family cannot be skipped.
Impact analysis of macro-economic factors on non-life insurance sector in India
Authors: Chakraborty Abhijit , Das Ashim Kr.
Published: March 2022

The development of global economy has pushed up the importance of insurance industry in the growth of an economy. This paper intends to study the non-life insurance sector with an objective to identify the macro-economic factors that influence its growth. Time series data of 37 years is considered using Johansen & Engle Granger Cointegration and Ordinary Least Square method. It was found that Final Consumption Expenditure plays a negatively significant role in influencing non-life insurance sector in India. The practical implication of this study lies in controlling the responsible factors through appropriate policy measures to ensure a sustainable growth of the non-life Insurance sector.
Impact of advertising expenditure on firm performance: Evidence from listed companies of Pakistan
Authors: Mirza Hammad Hassan , Hussain Haroon , Gull Warda
Published: March 2022

The primary focus of this study is to investigate the impact of advertising expenditure on firm performance. In light of the existing literature, this study considers four proxies of firm performance i.e., Sales (SLS), Return on Assets (ROA), Market-to-Book Ratio (MBR) and Market Capitalization (MC). The sample data for the purpose of estimation consists of 100 listed companies selected randomly from Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) during 2005–2018. The results show that advertising spending has a significantly positive impact on firm’s performance. This is also true for lagged value of advertising, where the results show significant positive relationship of lagged advertising on firm performance. This study supports the signaling effect of advertising expenditure on performance of Pakistani firms.
Sense of Agency and User Experience: Is There a Link?
Authors: Bergström Joanna , Knibbe Jarrod , Pohl Henning , Hornbæk Kasper
Published: March 2022

Sense of control is increasingly used as a measure of quality in human-computer interaction. Control has been investigated mainly at a high level, using subjective questionnaire data, but also at a low level, using objective data on participants’ sense of agency. However, it remains unclear how differences in higher level, experienced control reflect lower level sense of control. We study that link in two experiments. In the first one we measure the low-level sense of agency with button, touchpad, and on-skin input. The results show a higher sense of agency with on-skin input. In the second experiment, participants played a simple game controlled with the same three inputs. We find that on-skin input results in both increased sense and experience of control compared to touchpad input. However, the corresponding difference is not found between on-skin and button input, whereas the button performed better in the experiment task. These results suggest that other factors of user experience spill over to the experienced control at rates that overcome differences in the sense of control. We discuss the implications for using subjective measures about the sense of control in evaluating qualities of interaction.
APIRO: A Framework for Automated Security Tools API Recommendation
Authors: Sworna Zarrin Tasnim , Islam Chadni , Babar Muhammad Ali
Published: March 2022

Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response (SOAR) platforms integrate and orchestrate a wide variety of security tools to accelerate the operational activities of Security Operation Center (SOC). Integration of security tools in a SOAR platform is mostly done manually using APIs, plugins, and scripts. SOC teams need to navigate through API calls of different security tools to find a suitable API to define or update an incident response action. Analyzing various types of API documentation with diverse API format and presentation structure involves significant challenges such as data availability, data heterogeneity, and semantic variation for automatic identification of security tool APIs specific to a particular task. Given these challenges can have negative impact on SOC team’s ability to handle security incident effectively and efficiently, we consider it important to devise suitable automated support solutions to address these challenges. We propose a novel learning-based framework for automated security tool

API

R

ecommendation for security

O

rchestration, automation, and response,
APIRO
. To mitigate data availability constraint, APIRO enriches security tool API description by applying a wide variety of data augmentation techniques. To learn data heterogeneity of the security tools and semantic variation in API descriptions, APIRO consists of an API-specific word embedding model and a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model that are used for prediction of top three relevant APIs for a task. We experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of APIRO in recommending APIs for different tasks using three security tools and 36 augmentation techniques. Our experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of APIRO for achieving 91.9% Top-1 Accuracy. Compared to the state-of-the-art baseline, APIRO is 26.93%, 23.03%, and 20.87% improved in terms of Top-1, Top-2, and Top-3 Accuracy and outperforms the baseline by 23.7% in terms of Mean Reciprocal Rank (MRR).
Deep Learning on Monocular Object Pose Detection and Tracking: A Comprehensive Overview
Authors: Fan Zhaoxin , Zhu Yazhi , He Yulin , Sun Qi , Liu Hongyan , He Jun
Published: March 2022

Object pose detection and tracking has recently attracted increasing attention due to its wide applications in many areas, such as autonomous driving, robotics, and augmented reality. Among methods for object pose detection and tracking, deep learning is the most promising one that has shown better performance than others. However, survey study about the latest development of deep learning-based methods is lacking. Therefore, this study presents a comprehensive review of recent progress in object pose detection and tracking that belongs to the deep learning technical route. To achieve a more thorough introduction, the scope of this study is limited to methods taking monocular RGB/RGBD data as input and covering three kinds of major tasks: instance-level monocular object pose detection, category-level monocular object pose detection, and monocular object pose tracking. In our work, metrics, datasets, and methods of both detection and tracking are presented in detail. Comparative results of current state-of-the-art methods on several publicly available datasets are also presented, together with insightful observations and inspiring future research directions.
MFGAN: Multi-modal Feature-fusion for CT Metal Artifact Reduction Using GANs
Authors: Xu Liming , Zeng Xianhua , Li Weisheng , Zheng Bochuan
Published: March 2022

Due to the existence of metallic implants in certain patients, the
Computed Tomography (CT)
images from these patients are often corrupted by undesirable metal artifacts, which causes severe problem of metal artifact. Although many methods have been proposed to reduce metal artifact, reduction is still challenging and inadequate. Some reduced results are suffering from symptom variance, second artifact, and poor subjective evaluation. To address these, we propose a novel method based on
generative adversarial nets (GANs)
to reduce metal artifacts. Specifically, we firstly encode interactive information (text) and imaging CT (image) to yield multi-modal feature-fusion representation, which overcomes representative ability limitation of single-modal CT images. The incorporation of interaction information constrains feature generation, which ensures symptom consistency between corrected and target CT. Then, we design an enhancement network to avoid second artifact and enhance edge as well as suppress noise. Besides, three radiology physicians are invited to evaluate the corrected CT image. Experiments show that our method gains significant improvement over other methods. Objectively, ours achieves an average increment of 7.44% PSNR and 6.12% SSIM on two medical image datasets. Subjectively, ours outperforms others in comparison in term of sharpness, resolution, invariance, and acceptability.
Computationally Efficient Quasi-3D Model of a Secondary Electrode Particle for Enhanced Prediction Capability of the Porous Electrode Model
Authors: Zelič Klemen , Katrašnik Tomaž
Published: March 2022

Models of Li-ion batteries addressing a particular scale—from atomistic to continuum—have reached a certain level of maturity. Meanwhile, consistent multi-scale modelling approaches are still in their infancy despite their large potential to boost the accuracy and prediction capability of Li-ion battery models. As an answer to this challenge, the paper presents an advanced quasi-3D model of the active electrode material that tackles one of the main deficiencies of the porous-electrode theory (PET) based models which arises from a poor representation of the electrode topology. It is hypothesised that there exists a quasi-3D modelling representation of the active electrode material that adequately virtually replicates intra primary particle Li-distribution and features significantly shorter computational times compared to models featuring a fully 3D meshed electrode topology, which enables its full integration into the porous electrode model. An advanced quasi-3D model is constructed by the integration of the concentration and the chemical potential in each primary particle across its volume and by the introduction of the permeability parameter at the interfaces. Besides compatibility with PET and acceptable computational times, the model also exhibits results that are in good agreement with measured lithium concentration profiles inside secondary particles published in literature.
Influence of Rutile and Anatase TiO2 Precursors on the Synthesis of a Li1.5Al0.5Ti1.5(PO4)3 Electrolyte for Solid-State Lithium Batteries
Authors: La Monaca Andrea , Zhu Wen , Feng Zimin , Bertoni Giovanni , Campanella Daniele , Girard Gabriel , Savoie Sylvio , Nita Alina Gheorghe , Clement Daniel , Demers Hendrix , Vijh Ashok , Rosei Federico , Paolella Andrea
Published: March 2022

We report the effect of using rutile and anatase TiO2 as precursors in the synthesis of ceramic Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) NASICON-type electrolyte for solid-state lithium batteries. Anatase TiO2 enables LATP crystallization at lower temperatures while rutile TiO2 leads to a purer and more crystalline LATP phase. We believe these findings are an important contribution towards the development of more effective and less expensive synthesis of Ti-based solid electrolyte materials.
Influences of Hydrogen-Natural Gas Mixtures on The Performance of an Internal Reforming Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Unit: A Simulation Study
Authors: Fan J. , Wang Y. , Shi J. , Shi Y. , Cao H. , Cai N.
Published: March 2022

Blending hydrogen into natural gas grid can effectively reduce carbon emissions and promote the development of the hydrogen economy. Utilizing hydrogen-natural gas mixtures through internal reforming solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) can convert the chemical energy of the fuels direct into electricity, which is a promising technology for combined heat and power systems. In this study, a three-dimensional model for an internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell unit is developed coupling chemical and electrochemical reactions, mass, momentum and heat transfer processes. The model is validated by both the patterned anode experiments and the button cell experiments with porous electrodes. The distributions of temperature, gas compositions, and current density between pure methane and 30% hydrogen addition are simulated and compared. The influences of the hydrogen addition on the performance of the SOFC unit are further studied by changing the hydrogen blending ratio. The simulation results show that the addition of hydrogen affects the coupling of the endothermic reforming reactions and exothermic electrochemical reactions, which leads to improved temperature uniformity and higher current density of the SOFC unit compared with pure methane feeding.
Three-Dimensional TiO2 Film Deposited by ALD on Porous Metallic Scaffold for 3D Li-Ion Micro-Batteries: A Road towards Ultra-High Capacity Electrode
Authors: Hallot Maxime , Boyaval Christophe , Troadec David , Huvé Marielle , Karroubi Lotfi Benali , Patnaik Sai Gourang , Brousse Thierry , Roussel Pascal , Pech David , Lethien Christophe
Published: March 2022

To power the next generation of miniaturized electronic devices, the energy storage capability of Li-ion micro-batteries has to be significantly improved and the fabrication of high performance 3D electrodes is mandatory. Here we show how to carefully match the design of efficient 3D scaffold based on metallic porous template with the deposition parameters of titanium dioxide films made from thermal Atomic Layer Deposition method for designing efficient 3D electrodes for Li-ion micro-batteries. A 3D electrode made from Pt porous scaffold coated with 150 nm-thick anatase TiO2 film reaches a high surface capacity value up to 1600 μAh.cm−2 at C/12 with a good cycling stability during 100 cycles.
Effect of Ni Substitution on Structural, Dielectric, and Ferroelectric Properties and Variation in Magnetocapacitance of Single-Phase Ba0.7Pb0.3TiO3 Ceramic
Authors: Chavan Sanjay. G. , Mane Sagar. M. , Chavan Sanjeev. D. , Dhumal Swati. G. , Kolekar Yesh. D. , Kulkarni Shrinivas. B. , Tayade Nishant T. , Shin Jae Cheol , Salunkhe Dadasaheb J.
Published: March 2022

The present study demonstrates the influence of Ni substitution on the structural, dielectric, and ferroelectric properties of single-phase Pb-doped BaTiO3, that is, Ba0.7Pb0.3TiO3 (BPT) ceramic, and variations in the magnetocapacitance. The hydroxide co-precipitation method was employed to fabricate single-phase Pb-doped BaTiO3 and Ni-substituted Ba0.7Pb0.3TiO3, as Ba0.7Pb0.3TiO3-(x)Ni for x = 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15. Rietveld refinement reflects the single-phase tetragonal crystal structure of pure Ba0.7Pb0.3TiO3 and at higher Ni concentrations, the detection of rhombohedral crystal symmetry of the NiO phase confirms the biphasic structure of the composite. The ferroelectric-paraelectric transition temperature decreased from 274 °C for pure Ba0.7Pb0.3TiO3 to 162 °C for the composite with a higher Ni concentration of x = 0.15. A drastic change in the typical ferroelectric (P-E) loop of Ba0.7Pb0.3TiO3 was observed with the substitution of Ni. The composite with a higher concentration had the highest value of the magnetodielectric coupling coefficient, MD (%) = −2.86. This study reflects an easy and useful approach to achieve two-order parameter coupling with doping of acceptor ions in the ferroelectric phase. This kind of material substantially plays a vital role in the advanced electromagnetic devices for futuristic applications.
One-Pot Synthesis of rGO@Cu2V2O7 Nanocomposite as High Stabled Electrode for Symmetric Electrochemical Capacitors
Authors: Suganya P. , Princy J. , Mathivanan N. , K. Krishnasamy
Published: March 2022

The rGO anchored copper vanadate nanostructures have been synthesized through facile hydrothermal synthesis for the high efficient energy storage applications. The prepared Cu2V2O7 and rGO@Cu2V2O7 nanostructures are fabricated as the electrode materials for three electrode and symmetric type electrochemical supercapacitors. Based on the electrochemical the electrodes shows the outstanding areal capacitance values of 340 and 545 F g−1 for Cu2V2O7 and rGO@Cu2V2O7 electrodes, respectively. Also the charge discharge curves of the rGO@Cu2V2O7 electrode revealed the higher specific capacitance values of 520 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 which is higher capacitance value than Cu2V2O7 electrode (318 F g−1 at 1 A g−1). Based on the cyclic performance the rGO@Cu2V2O7 electrode enumerate 98.6% withstand even the 1000th cycle. The symmetric electrode based device have been shows the higher capacitance values of 190 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 for rGO@Cu2V2O7 it is higher than pure Cu2V2O7 (148 F g−1 at 1 A g−1). With the synergitic reaction of rGO@Cu2V2O7 electrode shows the high energy 29.7 Wh kg−1 and power 4.8 kW kg−1 and the Cu2V2O7 and rGO@Cu2V2O7 electrodes. Also the rGO@Cu2V2O7 symmetric electrode device shows the higher cyclic efficiency about 97.5% at the 2000th cycle. These findings assess the rGO@Cu2V2O7 electrode is a promising candidate for the energy storage application.