bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demokrasi Di indonesia Dari Masa Kemasa
Authors: Ratu Aku
Published: November 2021

Perkembangan Demokrasi di Indonesia sudah mengalami beberapa proses dari awal kemerdekaan Indonesia hingga sekarang. Dengan wujud demokrasi berbeda-beda pada setiap masa tersebut menentukan corak dan bentuk daripada sistem Pemilu yang dipakai/diterapkan dalam kehidupan berdomokrasi di Negara ini. Dengan demikian penelitian ini mengenai pelaksanaan dari Demokrasi itu yakni Pemilu. Dan yang diteliti adalah sistem pemilu dan dasar Hukum dari kedua Pemilu tersebut. Sehingga penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Hukum Normatif (penelitian kepustakaan). Adapun tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji antara sistem Pemilu Legislatif 2009 dan sistem Pemilu Legislatif 2014 yang dilaksanakan berdasar Undang-Undang N0 10 Tahun 2008 Tentang Pemilu Anggota DPR,DPD, dan DPRD dan Undang-Undang No 8 Tahun 2012 atas Pokok yang sama.Sehingga menemukan beberapa hasil dari kajian serta analisis tersebut yang pada kesimpulannya adalah bahwa kedua sistem dalam pemilu di dua era /masa berbeda itu diterapkan sistem yang sama (sistem proporsional terbuka) dan Undang-Undang No 8 Tahun 2012 (Undang-Undang yang lebih baru) lebih melengkapi atau menyempurnakan Undang-Undang No 10 Tahun 2008.Kata Kunci: Demokrasi,Pemilu, Sistem Pemilu, Perbandingan Sistem Pemilu
LITERATURE REVIEW TERAPI RANGE OF MOTION (ROM) TERHADAP KEKUATAN OTOT PASIEN STROKE
Authors: Puspitasari Indah
Published: November 2021

stroke merupakan suatu kondisi penyakit yang disebabkan oleh terhentinya aliran darahyang mensuplai otak secara tiba-tiba, baik karena adanya sumbatan maupun rupturnyapembuluh darah. kekuatan otot memiliki beberapa faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi yaitupegangan, dimensi otot dan nyeri yang dialami oleh seorang individu. Range of motion(ROM) merupakan suatu latihan yang menggerakkan persendian serta memungkinkanterjadinya kontraksi serta pergerakan pada otot dengan gerakan-gerakan normal baiksecara pasif atau aktif. Penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan literature review denganmetode pencarian menggunakan electronic data base dengan sumber pencarian googlescholar. Kriteria inklusi yang digunakan yaitu menggunakan jurnal intervensi untukmengatasi skala kekuatan otot pada pasien stroke . tahun jurnal yang digunakan dibatasi2010-2020. Berdasarkan telaah literature 5 jurnal didapat bahwa terapi Range Of Motiondilakukan pemberian intervensi latihan ROM aktif setiap pagi dan sore hari durasi waktuselama 20 menit, lembar observasi kekuatan otot penulis menelaah dari observasilangsung dan hasil wawancara.
PENERAPAN DEMOKRASI DALAM SUSUNAN KETATANEGARAAN INDONESIA
Authors: WURIAHANDAYANI SINTYA EKA
Published: November 2021

Pelaksanaan demokrasi di Indonesia dalam praktiknya menghadapi kendala yang bersifat politis dan ideologis. Sungguhpun demikian demokrasi sudah menjadi pilihan politik yang diyakini sebagai salah satu bentuk sistem politik terbaik untuk mencapai efektivitas penyelenggaraan pemerintahan negara. Akan tetapi setelah 71 tahun Indonesia merdeka, praktik kehidupan demokrasi masih mengalami pasang surut seiring dengan dinamika perkembangan politik yang masih dalam proses menentukan format politik yang ideal.
“Resistance and Care in the time of COVID-19: Archaeology in 2020”
Authors: Guedes Jade d'Alpoim , Gonzalez Sara , Rivera-Collazo Isabel
Published: November 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic offered humanity a portal via which we could break withthe past and imagine our world anew. This article reviews how over the course of 2020, a seriesof intersecting crises at the nexus of racism, settler colonialism, climate change and sexualharassment have prompted acts of resistance and care in the field of archaeology. Throughout thearticle, we provide concrete suggestions as to how we can continue the work of movementsbegun over the course of the past year to improve dynamics within our field and use the lessonsfrom our field to improve life for all people in the world and for our planet.
Makalah Desain dan struktur organisasi
Authors: Nurfadila Dayang
Published: November 2021

Struktur organisasi adalah pola tentang hubungan antara berbagai komponen dan bagian organisasi. Struktur organisasi-organisasi memberikan kerangka yang menghubungkan wewenang karena struktur merupakan penetapan dan penghubung antar posisi para anggota organisasi. Desain organisasi merupakan proses perkembangan hubungan dan penciptaan struktur untuk mencapai tujuan organisasi. Jadi struktur merupakan hasil dari proses desain.
CARA MENGAJUKAN PINJAMAN BERBASIS WEB MENGGUNAKAN METODE ( SIMPLE ADDITIVE WEINGHTING)
Authors: NURBAITI
Published: November 2021

Dalam usaha meningkatkan jumlah anggota yang bergabung dalam naungan koperasi karyawan, koperasi UMB bermaksud melakukan peningkatan pelayanan pada produk simpan pinjam. Namun produk tersebut memiliki rentang waktu pelayanan yang sangat panjang dan antrian yang cukup besar.Sebelum peminjaman disetujuiterdapat verifikasi berkas atas aplikasi anggota terlebih dahulu.Pendataan dan pencatatan atas peminjaman dan pembayaran pinjaman pun masih dilakukan secara sederhana yaitu dengan metode tulis tangan.Hal ini menyebabkan rawan terjadinya human error dan dokumen tidak terkontrol.Oleh karena itu, kami merancang sebuah sistem informasi pengajuan pinjaman bagi anggota untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut.Untuk mendukung usaha koperasi karyawan memberikan kemudahan dalam mengajukan pinjaman, rancangan ini kami buat menggunakan basis web dan berorientasi obyek. Sistem ini nantinya akan memberikan kemudahan bagi anggota untuk mengajukan pinjaman dari manapun dan kapanpun, memberikan keleluasaan bagi anggota untuk mengetahui status peminjaman yang diajukan dan pengembalian hutang yang telah dibayarkan. Selain itu dari sisi koperasi pegawai UMB, benefit yang diterima adalah kemudahan dan kecepatan dalam hal verifikasi berkas serta kerapihan administrasi peminjaman uang. Selain itu dalam pembuatan laporan juga menjadi fitur utama dari sistem yang kami rancang ini. Dalam menghasilkan rekomendasi peminjaman yang disetujui kami menggunakan variasi metode SAW. Hasil kalkulasi dari fitur rekomendasi ini akan menjadi dasar bagi pelayanan verifikasi berkas yang lebih cepat.
Partai politik dalam penyelenggaraan pemilu yang demokratis
Authors: udju maria fauziah oes
Published: November 2021

Salah satu wujud pelibatan masyarakat dalam proses politik adalah pemilihan umum (pemilu). Ketika demokrasi mendapat perhatian yang luas dari masyarakat dunia, penyelenggaraan pemilu yang demokratis menjadi syarat penting dalam pembentukan kepemimpinan sebuah negara.Oleh karena itu,pemilu merupakan salah satu sarana legitimasi kekuasaan.Dengan gambaran ini dapat dikatakan bahwa sistem perpolitikan nasional dipandang mulai sejalan dengan penataan kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara yang di dalamnya mencakup penataan partai politik.Artikel ini dibuat sebagai respon dengan harapan dapat merubah sistem pemilu demokratis menjadi lebih baik.
Administrasi supervisi
Authors: Mulyati
Published: November 2021

Artikel tersebut bertujuan untuk mengetahui serta bagaimana sebuah administrasi di jenjangPendidikan terutama bagaimana penting nya kita mengetahui supervisi didalam Pendidikan untukmeningkatkan sebuah kualitas dalam pembelajaran kepada guru tentunya yang akan nantimendapatkan atau menghasilkan sebuah prestasi yang tinggi untuk para siswa ,dengan demikianmereka bisa dapat bersaing di tingkat yang lebih tinggi ke nasional maupun tingkatinternasional.dalam sebuah peningkatan pada kualitas adanya sebuah pembelajaran harusberkesinambungan dengan berjalan nya sebuah perkembangan dalam ilmu pengetahuan, baik ituteknologi,serta sosial terhadap ekonomi dan budaya masyarakat.adanya melakukan sebuahpendekatan pada supervisi tersebut tentunya akan meningkatkan sebuah ke profesionalismeseorang guru yang nantinya tentu akan meningkatkan prestasi siswa nya.adanya tujuan dari sebuahsupervisi ialah untuk diberikan sebuah bantuan dengan secara langsung kepadabawahannya,demikian untuk mereka mempunyai bekal yang sangat cukup dalam melaksanakanatau menjalankan suatu tugas dan pekerjaan yang dimana hasil tersebut baik danmengorientasikan,melatih para pekerja,memimpin,memberi arahan serta mengembangkan sebuahketerampilan secara personel.
Stable Silicon Isotopes Uncover a Mineralogical Control on the Benthic Silicon Cycle in the Arctic Barents Sea
Authors: Ward James , Hendry Katharine , Arndt Sandra , Faust Johan , Freitas Felipe , Henley Sian , Krause Jeffrey , M aerz Christian , Ng Hong Chin , Pickering Rebecca
Published: November 2021

Biogeochemical cycling of silicon (Si) in the Barents Sea is under considerable pressure from physical and chemical changes, including dramatic warming and sea ice retreat, together with a decline in dissolved silicic acid (DSi) concentrations of Atlantic inflow waters since 1990. Moreover, further expansion of the Atlantic realm (termed ‘Atlantification’) is expected to shift phytoplankton community compositions away from diatom-dominated spring blooms in favour of Atlantic flagellate species. The changes in pelagic primary production will alter the composition of the material comprising the depositional flux, which will subsequently influence the recycling processes at and within the seafloor. In this study we assess the predominant controls on the early diagenetic cycling of Si, a key nutrient in marine ecosystems, by combining stable isotopic analysis (δ30Si) of pore water DSi and of operationally defined reactive pools of the solid phase. We show that low biogenic silica (BSi) contents (0.26-0.52 wt% or 92-185 μmol g dry wt−1) drive correspondingly low asymptotic concentrations of pore water DSi of ~100 μM, relative to biosiliceous sediments (>20 wt% BSi) wherein DSi can reach ~900 μM. While Barents Sea surface sediments appear almost devoid of BSi, we present evidence for the rapid recycling of bloom derived BSi that generates striking transient peaks in sediment pore water [DSi] of up to 300 μM, which is a feature that is subject to future shifts in phytoplankton community compositions. Using a simple isotopic mass balance calculation we show that at two of three stations the pore water DSi pool at 0.5 cm below the seafloor (+0.96 to +1.36 ‰) is sourced from the mixing of core top waters (+1.46 to +1.69 ‰) with the dissolution of BSi (+0.82 to +1.50 ‰), supplemented with a lithogenic Si source (LSi) (-0.89 ±0.16‰). Further, our sediment pore water δ30Si profiles uncover a coupling of the Si cycle with the redox cycling of isotopically light metal oxides (-2.88 ±0.17‰). We suggest that a high LSi:BSi ratio and apparent metal oxide influence could lead to a degree of stability in the annual background benthic flux of DSi despite the pressures on pelagic phytoplankton communities. Coupled with supporting isotopic evidence for the precipitation of authigenic clays in Barents Sea sediment cores, our observations have implications for the regional Si budget.
Online Disinhibition: Reconsideration of the Construct and Proposal of New Model (Japanese)
Authors: Ruohan Wen , Miura Asako
Published: November 2021

On the Internet, behaviors that differ from those in real-life situations sometimes appear. The online disinhibition theory, pioneered by Suler(2004), has been frequently cited in empirical studies as a theory to explain this mechanism. However, the construct of online disinhibition has not yet reached a consensus. This study aimed to explore an appropriate construct of online disinhibition for psychological research, and propose a model to explain how online disinhibition works. First, we pointed out that previous studies have dealt with online disinhibition from three perspectives. After discussing contributions and limitations of each perspective, we argued that psychological research had better to deal with online disinhibition from the perspective of mental state. Next, we reviewed three significant models about how online disinhibition works: the “benign/toxic disinhibition model”, the “online disinhibition/ behaviors model”, and the “online disinhibition and deindividuation model”. Finally, in order to solve the limitations of these models, we proposed the “motivation-based online disinhibition model”, as an improved model.
Principles of Model Specification in ANOVA Designs
Authors: Rouder Jeffrey N. , Schnuerch Martin , Haaf Julia M. , Morey Richard Donald
Published: November 2021

ANOVA---the workhorse of experimental psychology--seems well understood in that behavioral sciences have agreed-upon contrasts and reporting conventions. Yet, we argue this consensus hides considerable flaws in common ANOVA procedures, and these flaws become especially salient in the within-subject and mixed-model cases. The main thesis is that these flaws are in model specification. The specifications underlying common use are deficient from a substantive perspective, that is, they do not match reality in behavioral experiments. The problem, in particular, is that specifications rely on coincidental rather than robust statements about reality. We provide specifications that avoid making arguments based on coincidences, and note these Bayes factor model comparisons among these specifications are already convenient in the BayesFactor package. Finally, we argue that model specification necessarily and critically reflects substantive concerns, and, consequently, is ultimately the responsibility of substantive researchers. Source code for this project is at github/PerceptionAndCognitionLab/stat_aov2
Constructing the Corpus of Chinese Textual ‘Run-on’ Sentences (CCTRS)
Authors: Sun Kun
Published: November 2021

Chinese is a discourse-oriented language. “Run-on” sentences (liushui ju) are a typical and prevalent form of discourse in Chinese. These sentences show the capacity of the Chinese language for organizing loose structures into an effective and coherent discourse. Despite their widespread use in Chinese, previous studies have only explored “run-on” sentences by using small-scale examples. In order to carry out a quantitative investigation of “run-on” sentences, we need to establish a corpus. The present study selects 500 “run-on” sentences and annotates them on the levels of discourse, syntax and semantics. We mainly adopt PDTB (Penn Discourse Treebank) styles in the discourse annotations but we also borrow some features from RST (rhetorical structure theory). We find that the distribution of the frequency of discourse relations in the data extracted from this corpus follows the power law. The preliminary results reveal that semantic leaps in “run-on” sentences are closely related to the use of the topic chain and the animacy and the span of discourse relations. This corpus can thus aid in carrying out further computational and cognitive studies of Chinese discourse.
Bewilderment between Might and Right: Tawfiq al-Hakim’s The Sultan’s Dilemma (al- Sulṭan al-Ha’ir)
Authors: Muhi Maysoon Taher
Published: November 2021

The Egyptian writer Tawfiq al-Hakim (1898- 1987) is one of the leading figures in Arabic literature and drama. In his masterpiece, The Sultan’s Dilemma (1960), al-Hakim discusses an eternal question, which is mightier and has a lasting, influential role. Is it the power of authority or the power of the principles? Is it the sword or the law? The play is set in the medieval past, but its moral is addressed to the modern world. It explores the legitimacy of power through the character of a Mamluk Sultan raised into power. Suddenly, this Sultan faced a dilemma that he is neither a legible ruler nor released from the slavery of the earlier Sultan. Hence, the Sultan finds himself trapped between using forceful authority to establish his kinghood or applying the rightful law that might be difficult to be achieved, and it might take time. Sultan’s dilemma symbolizes the political predicament that the modern world is facing.
In a Melting Pot of Autobiography: Pickthall’s With the Turk in Wartime and the Cause of Islam
Authors: Sadiq Ebtisam Ali
Published: November 2021

Marmaduke Pickthall, a half-forgotten British novelist of the early twentieth century, has come back to the spotlight over the past few years. His Near Eastern novels and short stories have started to receive attention in contemporary scholarship but not his two autobiographies. This essay aims at tackling the more neglected piece of the two, With the Turk in Wartime, that deserves attention because of its intricate amalgamation of several features of the genre of autobiography as manifested across its history within the tradition of English literature. Analysis finds that Pickthall’s autobiography has some Romantic, Victorian, and Modern elements as well as some old characteristics of the genre elaborately interwoven into its structure. The study also traces the use that Pickthall makes of this unique autobiography and how the commingling of diverse elements allows him to turn a usually subjective genre into a public cause and dedicate it to the service of Islam. This essay highlights both the diversity that the literary history of the genre lends to Pickthall’s autobiography and the socio-political service it renders to the faith that the author has long esteemed and will ultimately convert to not long after writing this autobiography.
The Critical Approach in Al-Muazana “In the Modern Equalization of Criticism” (A Criticism of Criticism)
Authors: Al-Huwairini Amal Abdullah
Published: November 2021

The research was directed to the modern critical books that received the book “Al-Muazana bayna Abu Tammam and Al-Buhturi” by Abu Al-Qasim Al-Hassan bin Bishr for Al-Amidi (370 Ah) to answer the main question: what are the main features of criticism in Al-Muazana book in contemporary criticism books? The study aims to reveal the views on the critical approach of Al-Amidi, and then trying to reconcile the opinions of contemporary critics that discussed the method of Al-Amidi in his book, one of them was the first book in which applied criticism appeared. One of contemporary critics’ opinion was that it was characterized by investigating the opinions of the old critics about the Poetry of the Poets, a book in which objectivity was achieved in equalizing and neutrality. Contemporary critics almost agreed that Al-Amidi was characterized by planning his approach in the introduction to his book and its application. The most important results: Al-Amidi explained the poetic thefts attributed to Al-Buhturi and Abu Tammam simultaneously. He explained the many poetries that Abu Tammam took from others with his many archives. Contemporary critics pointed out that Al-Amidi was not interested in the linguistic errors of poets, and he argued that there were many mistakes of ancient poets. Contemporary critics differed about Al-Amidi’s intolerance of the poet Al-Buhturi and all his arguments.
Feminist Criticism in Virginia Woolf’s To the Lighthouse and Ibrahim Ahmed’s Janî Gel
Authors: Mohammed Diyar
Published: November 2021

This paper investigates the concepts of Feminism and Feminist Criticisms to identify their features in two novels; Virginia Woolf’s To the Lighthouse and Ibrahim Ahmed’s Janî Gel. The theoretical and historical backgrounds of Feminism and the other Feminist Criticisms are presented according to their importance. The paper then introduces the two novels by presenting their plot summary. This paper tries to answer how two prominent writers, one British and one Kurdish, discuss women issues. The author wants to investigate whether both writers’ cultural upbringing and social background affect the way they present women in their respective novels. Through quotations taken from the novels, one learns about the writers’ ideas regarding women’s issues; economic, social, psychological, and political. In conclusion, the present study argues that women’s experiences in English society and Kurdish society have many similarities; however, despite the many similarities, there lay differences regarding the attitudes of both writers towards women issues and representation. For instance, Wood presents an ideal female character to oppose women’s traditional roles in society in her novel. On the other hand, Ahmed paints vivid imagery of what women go through without solid women characters. Thus, this paper hopes to provide future students and researchers with helpful material on Feminism, Feminist Criticisms, and the analysis of both novels, especially the Kurdish one, since research is scarce on it.
TRADUCTION FRANÇAISE DE L’ECHELLE THINKING ABOUT LIFE EXPERIENCE (TALE) - Mesure des fonctions de la mémoire autobiographique
Authors: Oulahal Rachid
Published: November 2021

Résumé :Le présent article propose la traduction en langue française d’une échelle d’investigation des fonctions de la mémoire autobiographique, disponible en langue anglaise, et que ses concepteurs ont intitulé TALE – Thinking About Life Experience. Ne disposant pas de version française de ce questionnaire, nous avons donc procédé à une traduction selon une méthode de rétro-traduction (back-translation).Nous proposons la divulgation de cette traduction française ainsi que la présentation de résultats issus de l’analyse statistique sur un échantillon de participants français (N=126).Mots-clés : Mémoire autobiographique, Fonction, Échelle, FrançaisFRENCH TRANSLATION OF THE THINKING ABOUT LIFE EXPERIENCE SCALE (TALE)Autobiographical memory functions assessmentAbstract :This article proposes a French translation of an investigation scale of the autobiographical memory functions, available in English, entitled TALE - Thinking About Life Experience. Since we did not have a French version of this questionnaire, we therefore carried out a translation using a back-translation method.We propose the disclosure of this French translation as well as the presentation of results from the statistical analysis on a sample of French participants (N = 126).Keywords : Autobiographical memory, Function, Scale, French
Undergraduate Certificate in Equine Science and Management
Authors: Auwerda Peggy M. , Ferwerda Nicole S. , Paxton Jill , Bundy Jennifer , Huff-Lonergan Elisabeth J. , Sterle Jodi A. , Cunnick Joan , Jackson Christen G. , Greiner Laura L , Bobeck Elizabeth , Gabler Nicholas K. , Lonergan Steven M.
Published: November 2021

Iowa State University offers undergraduate certificates to demonstrate completion of a focused study in a specialized area. The certificate has the significant benefit of allowing students to customize their curriculum and document an approved course of study. An Equine Science and  Management Certificate is offered within the Animal Science Department at Iowa State University. The certificate requirements are organized to correspond with faculty and employer-defined needs for a successful transition from student to equine industry professional.  The Equine Science and  Management certificate will integrate technical topics in animal science with practical considerations in enterprise management. Two critical components to the certificate are the capstone Equine Systems Management course and a required internship in equine science and management. Students that complete the certificate will have the background to identify and address challenges in modern equine enterprises. Further, the certificate assists employers in identifying students that have shown the interest, discipline, and ability to complete this specialized study program. 
Population income differentiation under modern condition of economics development
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Pashchenko Oksana , Zharikova Olena ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Published: November 2021

Income generation is a problem that cannot leave anyone indifferent. It is known that income in a market economy is a fee for the use of production resources or a reward for the contribution to the creation of the product. It is the main source of meeting the needs of consumer goods and services, due to their accumulation and consumption, and the level and quality of life is determined by the quantity and quality of goods that can be purchased for their income. Income determines the level and quality of life of the population and is an indicator of its well-being. In Ukraine, the differentiation of incomes is growing every year, which weakens the economic development of the country. Half of the country’s population lives below the poverty line, and skilled labor emigrates abroad as a result of growing social tensions. Political instability, military confrontation in the east, low living standards, the epidemiological situation associated with the coronavirus pandemic, the development of the shadow economy, high levels of corruption, low wages, and impoverishment have led to income differentiation. Therefore, the state should focus all its activities not only on socio-economic development of the country, finding effective methods, norms, standards to improve the quality and quality of life, but also pursue a reasonable and balanced income regulation policy that will reduce the ratio between poor and rich. The income of the population should reflect the social status of the individual or household. However, currently incomes do not show the real standard of living of the population, so they are studied and studied together with the costs. It should be noted that in Ukraine in recent years there has been deterioration in living standards population, which leads to a reduction in household savings (accumulation of non-financial assets). The results of the study show that the population spends most of its income on consumption, namely on food and do not have the opportunity to make savings, which can be investment resources. Therefore, the lack of monetary resources in the domestic market forces the government and economic entities to attract them abroad, which leads to an increase in external debt and a decrease in the welfare of the population. It is possible to overcome income differentiation, but it is difficult, it requires financial resources and an effective and competent socio-economic policy aimed at improving the standard and quality of life.
Deposit insurance system as a guarantee of depositor’s protection
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Sova Olena , Poliakova Nataliia ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Published: November 2021

The article examines the state and trends in the development of the deposit guarantee system for individuals in Ukraine. The challenges and needs of improving the mechanism of centralized insurance protection of depositors are identified. The authors emphasize the growing role of the Deposit Guarantee Fund of individuals in the banking market and expanding the scope of its modern mechanisms to reduce the negative effects of bank bankruptcy, which is an important factor in ensuring the stability of the banking system. Emphasis is placed on considering the disposable income of domestic households, as this indicator is an eloquent indicator of improving the country’s economic well-being. Parallels were made in the analysis of quantitative indicators of state social guarantees, namely: the expression of the living wage and the amount of the minimum wage for 2016-2020. The size of the household savings growing is estimated. The importance of converting household savings into investments for economic development is determined and the number of deposits and the value of deposits for households in 2016-2020 are analyzed. The authors also illustrate the dynamics of changes in the UIRD indicator. The deposit guarantee system is presented as an important factor in the financial stability of the state economy. The article emphasizes the successful steps of legislative regulation of the subject composition of the Deposit Guarantee Fund of Ukraine and reformation of compensation limits, which brings the domestic insurance field closer to European standards of depositor’s protection. According to the results of attracting deposits from the top-9 commercial banks of Ukraine, tables have been formed, the data in which allow making conclusions about the leaders of the deposit services market and the amount of potential reimbursement. Proposals have been formulated to improve the deposit guarantee system, aimed at optimizing insurance schemes and relations in accordance with the threats to financial security as an objective phenomenon of a market economy and the conditions of globalization.
Assessment of concentration of producers on the beef market
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Stepasiuk Liudmyla
Published: November 2021

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the functioning of the beef market and its impact on the development of the country’s economy. It is emphasized that the importance of national food security and the country’s export potential is an indisputable fact. It is emphasized that an important role in this mission of the state is played by livestock, which provides the population with valuable food. Therefore, the state of development of this branch of agriculture is relevant at present and is one of the priorities of agricultural policy. The importance and role of cattle meat in food security are substantiated. Based on the calculation of five concentration indicators (concentration ratio, Herfindahl-Hirschman index, Hall-Tidman index, market share variance, coefficient of variation, entropy coefficient, relative entropy coefficient), the peculiarities of competition in the domestic meat market are determined. Calculations show that this market is moderately concentrated with a limited oligopoly, has weak market power of economic entities, and a high level of competition in the foreign market of cattle. It is established that ensuring the competitiveness of domestic beef is possible due to the revival of the meat industry based on the development of specialized enterprises, which will reduce production costs, provide affordable prices for beef in rising food prices and product quality standards to enter foreign markets. It is emphasized that the effective development of the meat market will contribute to the sustainable development of the agricultural sector in Ukraine and increase the competitiveness of domestic products. There is still a wide field for research on the mechanisms of state support for the development of livestock in order to restore the potential of the industry and provide the country with stable international positions.
Directions of activation of investment activity of small and medium enterprises of the agricultural sector
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Shynkaruk Lidiia , Alekseieva Kateryna ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Tsokol Olha ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Published: November 2021

The article substantiates the directions of investment activity of the small and medium enterprises of the agrarian sector of Ukraine. The role of the small and medium sized enterprises is well-grounded in modern economic conditions and the need to intensify their investment activities is shown. The current situation with the development of such enterprises is analyzed and the specific measures to stimulate the investment activity are indicated. It is proved that the investment activity of small and medium-sized agrarian enterprises should be intensified. It is obvious that the large agrarian enterprises possess more abilities in attracting investments in particular in implementing the new technologies. However, these are the small and medium sized agrarian enterprises able to reach both economic and social goals and serve as an elevator for the youth in the villages. Also the food security function is implemented by the small and medium-sized agrarian enterprises. The analysis of the data on the development of small and medium-sized agrarian enterprises in Ukraine shows the importance of them for the economic growth and the development of the national economy. Their development was unfortunately negatively affected by the fast spread of the corona virus in the world and the following quarantine restrictions. The data on the development of small and medium agrarian enterprises in Ukraine and in Germany has been presented in order to compare and to use the positive German experience in domestic conditions. In current conditions it is necessary to implement urgent measures to support the small and medium enterprises, i.e. to reduce the tax burden, to provide access to markets, in particular by stimulating the export activities of small and medium enterprises, to increase the level of digitalization of them. Presently there are public programs for support of the small and medium agrarian enterprises introduced by the Government. If these measures prove to be effective there are positive anticipations concerning the renewal and intensification of the development of small and medium enterprises in Ukraine.
Preoperative predictive model of surgical planning in endometrial carcinoma using MRI and tumor grade in endometrial biopsy
Authors: Gorostidi Mikel , Ruiz Ruben , Jaunarena Ibon , Cobas Paloma , Lekuona Arantxa , Diez Irene
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecological cancer in developed countries. Histological grade (G) and myometrial invasion (MI) are important risk factors, and together with the histological type and other postoperative data establish the risk of lymph node involvement and guide the adjuvant treatments. The objective of this study was to assess the validity of a preoperative stratification model that combines preoperative histological grade and MI as identified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to select candidates for lymph node staging and optimize surgical planning for our patients. Material and methods: It´s an observational retrospective cohort study including 294 patients diagnosed with EC at Donostia University Hospital from January 2012 to December 2017. Preoperative endometrial biopsy, including histological type and grade, preoperative MRI was compared with the definitive histological diagnosis. Sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the MRI-based diagnosis were calculated. Results: After inclusion and exclusion criteria 242 cases of type I or II EC were analyzed. Our model was found to have a Se of 91.4% (95% CI 83.2-95.8) and a Sp of 90.7% (95% CI 85.2-94.3). Percentage of down staging was 6.2% (15 unnecessary lymphadenectomies) and the upstaging rate was 2.9%. The NPV of the model was very high (95.4%, 95% CI 90.9-97.8). The diagnostic odds ratio for our model was 147.95 (95% CI 52.9-410.5), with a diagnostic accuracy of 91.7% (95% 87.6-94.6). Conclusions: A preoperative strategy that includes the determination of the tumor grade based on an endometrial biopsy and an assessment of MI by MRI is of great help in pre-surgical planning for endometrial cancer surgery, allowing an extra peritoneal approach and optimizing the use of physical and human resources. MRI presents excellent discriminatory power in the detection of MI in EC, with no significant variation by pathological subtype.
High Complexity Fertilization in Cuba: Egg Donation
Authors: Álvarez Medina Georgina
Published: November 2021

The decades of the 70s and 80s of the last century in our country, allowed us to glimpse that the possibilities of treatment for the infertile couple were considerably expanded. Until that moment, infertile couples had very limited options such as adoption, insemination using a donor or conforming to not having children. In Cuba, since 1979, the first steps were taken in the field of assisted reproduction in animals. Human reproduction studies have been carried out at the National Institute of Endocrinology and the Ramón González Coro Gyneco-obstetric Hospital, the first birth having occurred in 1986. Since 2006 and with the aim of guaranteeing perinatological care specialized in pregnant patients as a result of in vitro fertilization, it was decided to create a consultation at the Ramón González Coro Hospital given the high rate of twin and triple pregnancies, preterm births and complications. The number of patients treated had to proceed with high complexity in vitro fertilization and sometimes ICSI and it was not until 2014 after the approval by our constitution, the family code and medical ethics that egg donation began.
Cervical ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Dziadek Olivia , Bhalwal Asha , Papanna Ramesha , Moise Kenneth , Hardy John , Montealegre Alvaro
Published: November 2021

We performed dilation and curettage and cervical balloon placement in a cervical ectopic pregnancy after treatment with Methotrexate, KCI and bilateral uterine artery embolization. A minimally invasive approach was used in the case as the patient desired future fertility. We present the potential challenges in management of cervical ectopic pregnancy as well as approaches to treatment.
A comprehensive review of peptide toxins vs synthetic modulators of BK channels in Epilepsy
Authors: Latha Jeevigunta Naveena Lavanya , Susithra E. , Thumma Gouthami , Basaveswara Rao MV. , Gangarapu Kiran
Published: November 2021

BK channels, or voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, are essential regulators of neuronal excitability and muscular contractions, all of which are abnormal in epilepsy, a chronic neuronal disease. The form, frequency, and transmission of action potentials (APs), as well as neurotransmitter release from presynaptic terminals, are all influenced by BK channels found in the plasma membrane of neurons. Over the last two decades, several naturally occurring BK channel modulators have attracted a lot of attention. The structural and pharmacological properties of BK channel blockers are discussed in this article. The properties of various venom peptide toxins from scorpions and snakes are first identified, with a focus on their distinctive structural motifs, such as their disulfide bond formation pattern, the binding interface between the toxin and the BK channel, and the functional consequences of the toxins' blockage of BK channels. Then, several non-peptide BK channel blockers are discussed, along with their molecular formula and pharmacological impact on BK channels. The precise categorization and explanations of these BK channel blockers are hoped to provide mechanistic insights into BK channel blockade. The structures of peptide toxins and non-peptide compounds may serve as models for the development of new channel blockers, as well as aid in the optimization of lead compounds for use in neurological disorders.
Predictive Value of Maternal Anemia in Cases of Fetal Growth Restriction
Authors: Tawfik Waleed M. , Abdelmaksoud Shaimaa R. , Mahmoud Ghada M.
Published: November 2021

Anemia can be defined as a state of inadequate O2 delivery to tissues due to reduction of the O2 carrying capacity of blood practically, anemia is diagnosed when there is reduction in the hemoglobin concentration or haematocrit level below normal values. Iron deficiency anemia is a major public health problem among women of reproductive age in most of developing countries approximately 50% of pregnant women and 35% of non pregnant women are anemic. These nutritional disorders, has profound negative effects on pregnancy outcome, health of mothers and babies. The objective of this study: Is to evaluate the maternal anemia during pregnancy as a risk factor for fetal growth restriction. The study was done this study conducted on 120 pregnant women. Pregnant women with inclusion criteria: Singleton pregnancy, Gestational age more than 28 week and Hb level less than 10mg/dl. We exclude multiple pregnancy, Gestational age less than 28 week, Hb level more than 10 mg/dl and other medical disorder with pregnancy. The results of this study reveal the following: There was significant difference between group 1, 2, 3, 4 as regard to Hb level, (PCV), (MCV), (MCH), (MCHC), (Ht) and (CBC). The restriction of fatal growth was significant lower in sever anemic patient rather than mild or moderate anemic patient In conclusions: The result of this study shows that there was restriction of fatal growth was significantly high in sever anemic group than mild or moderate group also, incidence of low birth weight and risk of fatal morbidity or mortality was significantly high in sever anemic group than mild or moderate group.
Challenges to Private School Teachers in Remote Areas of Pakistan During Pandemic: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Noor Bushra
Published: November 2021

It was because of the worldwide lockdown, the COVID-19 had quite a significant impact on corporate organizations as well as the lives of millions of people. It had an impact on the supply chain as well. The impact of the COVID-19 period on educational systems and institutions was studied in this study. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the research conducted on primary school teachers working in private schools in remote areas of Pakistan. The research is based on quantitative analysis. The population of this study was 120 students from the education department of university students. The technique was simple and convenient because due to pandemics, it was not possible to collect data from individuals; data were collected through Google form. The results of this study articulated the challenges like lack of internet access, lack of administrative assistance and cooperation in Monterey terms, Parents complete absence in their children studies. This study recommends that government should work on the private teachers in terms of incentives and professional development and take action for their professional development in remote areas.
Effectively Dealing with Bullying in Elite Schools: Principals' Perceptions and Practices
Authors: Butt Sana , Muhammad Yaar , Masood Sajid
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study was to explore principals' perceptions and practices to deal with students who show disruptive and aggressive behavior in schools by using qualitative research methods. The conceptual framework of the study was based on six different approaches to effectively deal with bullying in educational institutions. A basic qualitative research design was used, and twelve elite school principals were selected through the purposive sampling technique. The framework analysis of the interview data revealed that principals' understanding of what could be done to address bullying was not limited. They were well acquainted with the alternatives or options to deal with a problematic situation, and they creatively mixed different approaches according to their own perceptions and the nature of the problem. However, most of the participants dealt with students while strengthening their confidence and making them independent through counselling techniques.
Incorporating patient-centered quality-of-life measures for outcome assessment after Chiari malformation type I decompression in a pediatric population: a pilot study
Authors: Savchuk Solomiia , Jin Michael C. , Choi Stephanie , Kim Lily H. , Quon Jennifer L. , Bet Anthony , Prolo Laura M. , Hong David S. , Mahaney Kelly B. , Grant Gerald A.
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE

Optimal management of pediatric Chiari malformation type I (CM-I) is much debated, chiefly due to the lack of validated tools for outcome assessment, with very few tools incorporating patient-centered measures of health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Although posterior fossa decompression (PFD) benefits a subset of patients, prediction of its impact across patients is challenging. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the role of patient-centered HRQOL measures in the assessment and prediction of outcomes after PFD.

METHODS

The authors collected HRQOL data from a cohort of 20 pediatric CM-I patients before and after PFD. The surveys included assessments of selected Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) health domains and were used to generate the PROMIS preference (PROPr) score, which is a measure of HRQOL. PROMIS is a reliable standardized measure of HRQOL domains such as pain, fatigue, depression, and physical function, which are all relevant to CM-I. The authors then compared the PROPr scores with Chicago Chiari Outcome Scale (CCOS) scores derived from time-matched clinical documentation. Finally, the authors used the PROPr scores as an outcome measure to predict postsurgical HRQOL improvement at 1 year on the basis of patient demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and radiological and physical findings. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Kendall’s correlation were used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS

Aggregate analysis revealed improvement of pain severity after PFD (p = 0.007) in anatomical patterns characteristic of CM-I. Most PROMIS domain scores trended toward improvement after surgery, with anxiety and pain interference reaching statistical significance (p < 0.002 and p < 0.03, respectively). PROPr scores also significantly improved after PFD (p < 0.008). Of the baseline patient characteristics, preexisting scoliosis was the most accurate negative predictor of HRQOL improvement after PFD (median −0.095 vs 0.106, p < 0.001). A correlation with modest magnitude (Kendall’s tau range 0.19–0.47) was detected between the patient-centered measures and CCOS score.

CONCLUSIONS

The authors observed moderate improvement of HRQOL, when measured using a modified panel of PROMIS question banks, in this pilot cohort of pediatric CM-I patients after PFD. Further investigations are necessary to validate this tool for children with CM-I and to determine whether these scores correlate with clinical and radiographic findings.
Prospects for the use of small interfering RNAs as inhibitors of immune checkpoints for immunotherapy in oncology
Authors: Bogdanov A.A. , Vysochinskaya V.V. , Kornev A.A. , Emelyanov A.K. , Bogdanov An.A. , Moiseyenko V.M.
Published: November 2021

Immune therapy is one of the most promising areas of cancer treatment. It is aimed at a cascade of processes responsible for the antitumor immune response. The involved regulatory mechanisms become targets for various therapeutic approaches aimed at restoring the impaired functions of immune cells that eliminate cancer cells. The ability of malignant cells to affect receptors of immune checkpoints is one of the most important mechanisms for suppressing antitumor immunity. The development of immune check-point inhibitors (ICIs) based on monoclonal antibodies, as well as the methods of adoptive cell therapy (ACT), are a breakthrough in the immunotherapy of malignant diseases, but it carries a number of limitations such as insufficient efficiency, safety and cost-effectiveness. The use of RNA interference technologies opens up prospects for the development of fundamentally new class of ICIs and, as a consequence, the development of more efficient ACT methods. This review presents the main problems and prospects of the use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) as the ICIs are highlighted in order to optimize modern AKT approaches
Infrared spectroscopy in detection of brain tumor of different morphological structure
Authors: IMedyanik I.A. , Gordetsov A.S. , Krasnikova O.V. , Kondratyeva1 A.R. , Badu S.K. , Lobanov I.A. , Karyakin N.N. , Shenkarev Z.О.
Published: November 2021

The study considers the results of application of blood serum infrared spectroscopy as a diagnosis method of brain tumors with various morphological structure. The study involves 99 patients with brain tumors (glioblastomas were diagnosed in 22 patients, astrocytomas – in 21, neuromas – in 13, meningiomas – in 12, ependymomas – in 11, oligodendroastrocytomas – in 10, hypophyseal adenomas – in 10 patients), 16 patients with acute cerebrovascular accidents of ischemic type, 24 patients with severe traumatic brain injury and 20 healthy volunteers. In each studied case, 13 ratios of peak heights of blood serum infrared spectrum absorption bands were studied applying infrared spectroscopy (IRS). The results of morphological and immunohistochemical examinations were compared with the results of blood serum IRS data of patients with brain tumors. There were statistically significant correlations between the histological nature of brain tumors and IRS values. Statistically significant differences between the blood serum IRS of patients with tumor, non-tumor brain lesions and healthy volunteers were also found.