bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Detailed Look at the SLIP Model Dynamics: Bifurcations, Chaotic Behavior, and Fractal Basins of Attraction
Authors: Zaytsev Petr , Cnops Tom , David Remy C.
Published: April 2019

This paper provides a comprehensive numerical analysis of a simple 2D model of running, the spring-loaded inverted pendulum (SLIP). The model consists of a point-mass attached to a massless spring leg; the leg angle at touch-down is fixed during the motion. We employ numerical continuation methods combined with extensive simulations to find all periodic motions of this model, determine their stability, and compute the basins of attraction of the stable solutions. The result is a detailed and complete analysis of all possible SLIP model behavior, which expands upon and unifies a range of prior studies. In particular, we demonstrate and explain the following effects: (i) saddle-node bifurcations, which lead to two distinct solution families for a range of energies and touch-down angles; (ii) period-doubling (PD) bifurcations which lead to chaotic behavior of the model; and (iii) fractal structures within the basins of attraction. In contrast to prior work, these effects are found in a single model with a single set of parameters while taking into account the full nonlinear dynamics of the SLIP model.
From Micro to Nano: Material Characterization Methods for Testing of Nuclear Core and Structural Materials
Authors: Gávelová Petra , Halodová Patricie , Namburi Hygreeva Kiran , Prokůpková Iveta Adéla , Mikloš Marek , Krejčí Jakub
Published: April 2019

Nuclear grade fuel claddings act as a barrier against release of fuel particles into the coolant water during nuclear power plant operation, handling, and wet or dry storage of the spent fuel rods. The integrity of claddings is always a critical issue during the reactor operation, storage, or loss of coolant accidents (LOCA). After Fukushima disaster, cladding materials are widely studied, as the neutron transparent zirconium (Zr)-based alloys or accident tolerant fuel claddings, which should reduce the high-temperature oxidation rate of Zr-based alloys and enhance the accident tolerance. One part of the long-term investigation of Zr-based claddings in the Research Center Řež contributes to the characterization of material behavior after creep testing and high-temperature oxidation, i.e., conditions that may occur during reactor operation or storage of the spent fuel. Then, the microstructure response can be investigated by means of standard as well as advanced microscopy methods. In this study, we introduce the methodology of the cladding microstructure complex characterization demonstrated on the reference (nonirradiated) Zr-1%Nb alloy after creep testing. In the Zr-1%Nb microstructure, the hydrogen is present under some conditions as the hydride phases ZrH or ZrH2 that cause the mechanical properties degradation. As well, the hydride reorientation can pose a risk. Therefore, currently used methods of hydrides evaluation are presented. Furthermore, we introduce the microstructure analysis of the zircalloy-4 cladding after high-temperature oxidation at the temperature 1300 °C simulating LOCA. For this study, the new automatic chemical analysis procedure was developed. The main issue is the determination of the oxygen concentration and alloying elements behavior after critical increase of oxygen in the Zr-alloy tube at LOCA, also concerning the hydrogen content in the microstructure. Based on the element concentration gradients, the phase transitions from the oxide ZrO2 to the prior β-Zr can be determined and contributes to the phase diagrams experimental verification. In our contribution, the significant role of the electron microscopy methods “from micro to nano-scale” in the nuclear research is emphasized in these two research topics.
Temperature Profile of Thermal Impinging Flow Induced by Horizontally Oriented Rectangular Jet Flame Upon an Opposite Plate
Authors: Dong Bingyan , Huang Youbo , Wu Jinxiang
Published: April 2019

The horizontally oriented jet flame induced by rectangular source impinging upon the opposite wall is actually common in the chemical industry, but the related studies are limited. In this paper, the computational fluid dynamics codes are carried out to investigate the temperature profile in thermal impinging flow of the horizontally oriented methane jet flame with rectangular source, which the rectangular orifice is 400 mm2 with three different aspect ratios (L/W = 1, 2, 4); besides, the jet velocities vary from 27.5 m/s to 125 m/s. As the horizontally oriented methane jet flame impinges on the vertical plate in front of the fuel orifice directly, the vertical temperature along the opposite plate is focused on. Results show that the temperature near the impingement point is the same for different jet velocities, but the temperature along the vertical direction is larger with increasing fuel jet velocity. Moreover, the orifice aspect ratio has a significant effect on the temperature, which increases with the aspect ratio at a given position for the momentum-controlled flame. The effective heat release rate on the basis of unburned fuel and ellipse flame shape hypothesis is put forward to correlate the temperature profile. Finally, a new correlation to illustrate the vertical temperature rising along the opposite plate is proposed in light of the orifice aspect ratio and fuel jet velocity, and the predictions obtained by the proposed model agree well with the numerical results, which is applicable for the horizontally oriented flame with rectangular source impinging upon the opposite wall.
Jet Impingement Heat Transfer Enhancement by Packing High-Porosity Thin Metal Foams Between Jet Exit Plane and Target Surface
Authors: Madhavan Srivatsan , Singh Prashant , Ekkad Srinath
Published: April 2019

High-porosity metal foams are known for providing high heat transfer rates, as they provide a significant increase in wetted surface area as well as highly tortuous flow paths resulting in enhanced mixing. Further, jet impingement offers high convective cooling, particularly at the jet footprint areas on the target surface due to flow stagnation. In this study, high-porosity thin metal foams were subjected to array jet impingement, for a special crossflow scheme. High porosity (92.65%), high pore density (40 pores per inch (ppi)), and thin foams (3 mm) have been used. In order to reduce the pumping power requirements imposed by full metal foam design, two striped metal foam configurations were also investigated. For that, the jets were arranged in 3 × 6 array (x/dj = 3.42, y/dj = 2), such that the crossflow is dominantly sideways. Steady-state heat transfer experiments have been conducted for varying jet-to-target plate distance z/dj = 0.75, 2, and 4 for Reynolds numbers ranging from 3000 to 12,000. The baseline case was jet impingement onto a smooth target surface. Enhancement in heat transfer due to impingement onto thin metal foams has been evaluated against the pumping power penalty. For the case of z/dj = 0.75 with the base surface fully covered with metal foam, an average heat transfer enhancement of 2.42 times was observed for a concomitant pressure drop penalty of 1.67 times over the flow range tested.
Phenomenological Consulting: Long-Term Mental Training With an Elite College Football Place Kicker
Authors: Wrisberg Craig A. , Raabe Johannes
Published: April 2019

This case study depicts the approach taken by a sport psychology consultant who worked with an elite college football place kicker from the beginning of the individual’s freshman year to the end of his senior competitive season. The player expressed an interest in adding mental training to his conventional practice habits to manage the mental and emotional demands he expected to face throughout his career at the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I level. The consultant used an approach rooted in the philosophy of existential phenomenology, referred to as phenomenological consulting. The effectiveness of interventions was determined by the player’s description of his experience and reflections of the consultant. The present study represents an example of the benefits athletes might derive from a phenomenological approach to long-term performance consulting.
Catch the Feeling of Flying: Guided Walks Through a Trampoline Olympic Development Environment
Authors: Seanor Michelle , Schinke Robert J. , Stambulova Natalia B. , Henriksen Kristoffer , Ross Dave , Giffin Cole
Published: April 2019

Olympic-medal performances represent peak accomplishments in athlete development. Seanor, Schinke, Stambulova, Ross, and Kpazai identified environmental factors in a high-performance Canadian trampoline sport environment that developed decorated Olympic medalists. The current intrinsic case study was authored to further highlight the idiosyncrasies of a high-performance trampoline environment (re)presenting stories garnered from this localized Canadian sport environment. Through guided walks, a mobile method of conversational interviews, three contextual experts who are engaged in the development of Olympic athletes provided tours of their sport environment. Each contextual expert’s guided walk played out uniquely in relation to his or her ascribed role (i.e., Olympic coach, assistant coach, and Olympic champion). Three main themes were identified through interpretive thematic analysis: creating lift (subthemes: facility design, sport-culture paragons), providing a tailwind (subthemes: establishing athlete–coach partnerships, team interactions), and soaring onto the Olympic podium (subthemes: preparing athletes to be untethered, competitive collaboration). Each theme is presented through three portrait vignettes, with discrete vantages derived from each contextual expert to illuminate the context from idiosyncratic ascribed roles within the environment. These stories create a rich (re)presentation of a high-performance sport environment through the interplay of the contextual experts’ narratives, their surrounding context, and their Olympic-podium accomplishments.
Context-specific modulation of intrinsic coupling modes shapes multisensory processing
Authors: Galindo-Leon Edgar E. , Stitt Iain , Pieper Florian , Stieglitz Thomas , Engler Gerhard , Engel Andreas K.
Published: April 2019

Audiovisual integration is facilitated by the context-specific dynamical reconfiguration of cortical intrinsic coupling.
Nanoscale magnetic imaging of ferritins in a single cell
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Chen Sanyou , Guo Maosen , Peng Shijie , Wang Mengqi , Chen Ming , Ma Wenchao , Zhang Rui , Su Jihu , Rong Xing , Shi Fazhan , Xu Tao , Du Jiangfeng
Published: April 2019

A nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond is used for magnetic imaging of intracellular proteins in a single cell at 10-nm scale.
GABARAPs dysfunction by autophagy deficiency in adolescent brain impairs GABA
A
receptor trafficking and social behavior
Authors: Hui Kelvin K. , Takashima Noriko , Watanabe Akiko , Chater Thomas E. , Matsukawa Hiroshi , Nekooki-Machida Yoko , Nilsson Per , Endo Ryo , Goda Yukiko , Saido Takaomi C. , Yoshikawa Takeo , Tanaka Motomasa
Published: April 2019

Autophagy regulates social behaviors by affecting the ability of brain cells to receive inhibitory signaling.
Structure and mechanisms of sodium-pumping KR2 rhodopsin
Authors: Kovalev Kirill , Polovinkin Vitaly , Gushchin Ivan , Alekseev Alexey , Shevchenko Vitaly , Borshchevskiy Valentin , Astashkin Roman , Balandin Taras , Bratanov Dmitry , Vaganova Svetlana , Popov Alexander , Chupin Vladimir , Büldt Georg , Bamberg Ernst , Gordeliy Valentin
Published: April 2019

High resolution structures reveal the mechanisms of sodium, potassium, and proton pumping by a light-driven microbial rhodopsin.
Targeting dePARylation selectively suppresses DNA repair–defective and PARP inhibitor–resistant malignancies
Authors: Chen Shih-Hsun , Yu Xiaochun
Published: April 2019

A novel PARG inhibitor traps DNA repair factors at DNA lesions and selectively kills tumor cells with DNA repair defects.
A pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitor targeting the HR1 domain of human coronavirus spike
Authors: Xia Shuai , Yan Lei , Xu Wei , Agrawal Anurodh Shankar , Algaissi Abdullah , Tseng Chien-Te K. , Wang Qian , Du Lanying , Tan Wenjie , Wilson Ian A. , Jiang Shibo , Yang Bei , Lu Lu
Published: April 2019

EK1 is a broad-spectrum human coronavirus fusion inhibitor for combating infection of current and emerging coronaviruses.
Shifts in dominant tree mycorrhizal associations in response to anthropogenic impacts
Authors: Jo Insu , Fei Songlin , Oswalt Christopher M. , Domke Grant M. , Phillips Richard P.
Published: April 2019

Anthropogenic influences alter tree mycorrhizal associations inducing nutrient acceleration in the U.S. forests.
Transient activation of the UPR
ER
is an essential step in the acquisition of pluripotency during reprogramming
Authors: Simic Milos S. , Moehle Erica A. , Schinzel Robert T. , Lorbeer Franziska K. , Halloran Jonathan J. , Heydari Kartoosh , Sanchez Melissa , Jullié Damien , Hockemeyer Dirk , Dillin Andrew
Published: April 2019

A transient activation of the unfolded protein response of the ER is a key factor of cellular reprogramming success.
Programming soft robots with flexible mechanical metamaterials
Authors: Rafsanjani Ahmad , Bertoldi Katia , Studart André R.
Published: April 2019

The complex behavior of highly deformable mechanical metamaterials can substantially enhance the performance of soft robots.
Dynamic DNA material with emergent locomotion behavior powered by artificial metabolism
Authors: Hamada Shogo , Yancey Kenneth Gene , Pardo Yehudah , Gan Mingzhe , Vanatta Max , An Duo , Hu Yue , Derrien Thomas L. , Ruiz Roanna , Liu Peifeng , Sabin Jenny , Luo Dan
Published: April 2019

An emergent locomotion behavior was programmed from a mesoscale DNA material powered by artificial metabolism.
Comparative Evaluation of Enteric Bacterial Culture and a Molecular Multiplex Syndromic Panel in Children with Acute Gastroenteritis
Authors: Kellner Thomas , Parsons Brendon , Chui Linda , Berenger Byron M. , Xie Jianling , Burnham Carey-Ann D. , Tarr Phillip I. , Lee Bonita E. , Nettel-Aguirre Alberto , Szelewicki Jonas , Vanderkooi Otto G. , Pang Xiao-Li , Zelyas Nathan , Freedman Stephen B.
Published: April 2019

Although enteric multianalyte syndromic panels are increasingly employed, direct comparisons with traditional methods and the inclusion of host phenotype correlations are limited. Luminex xTAG gastrointestinal pathogen panel (GPP) and culture results are highly concordant.
Complete Genome Sequence of Iris Severe Mosaic Virus Isolated in Japan
Authors: Nishikawa Masanobu , Tokuda Ryosuke , Yoshida Tetsuya , Nijo Takamichi , Maruyama Noriko , Katsu Kosuke , Maejima Kensaku , Yamaji Yasuyuki , Namba Shigetou
Published: April 2019

The complete genome sequence of an iris severe mosaic virus isolate (ISMV) from
Iris tectorum
in Japan was determined for the first time. According to sequence identity analyses, our specimen is closely related to isolates reported from China.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Carrot Torradovirus 1 Isolate, Obtained from
Angelica keiskei
in Japan
Authors: Tokuda Ryosuke , Nishikawa Masanobu , Hosoe Naoi , Nijo Takamichi , Iwabuchi Nozomu , Yoshida Tetsuya , Watanabe Kiyoto , Maejima Kensaku , Yamaji Yasuyuki , Namba Shigetou
Published: April 2019

The complete genome sequence of the first Japanese isolate of carrot torradovirus 1 (CaTV1-J), which infects
Angelica keiskei
, was determined. This is the first report of a CaTV1 isolate obtained from
A. keiskei
.
Complete Genome Sequence of an
Ehrlichia minasensis
Strain Isolated from Cattle
Authors: Aguiar Daniel M. , Araujo João P. , Nakazato Luciano , Bard Emilie , Cabezas-Cruz Alejandro
Published: April 2019

Ehrlichia minasensis
is a tick-borne pathogen affecting cattle, cervids, and dogs, and it is closely related to the monocytotropic pathogen
Ehrlichia canis
. Here, we announce the draft genome sequence of
Ehrlichia minasensis
strain Cuiabá, isolated from a naturally infected calf from Santo Antônio do Leverger, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Improved Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas poae A2-S9, a Strain with Plant Growth-Promoting Activity
Authors: Xia Ye , DeBolt Seth , Ma Qin , McDermaid Adam , Wang Cankun , Shapiro Nicole , Woyke Tanja , Kyrpides Nikos C.
Published: April 2019

We report here the improved draft genome sequence of
Pseudomonas poae
strain A2-S9, a bacterium that was originally isolated from switchgrass plants and exhibited the capacity for plant growth promotion. Its genome has a size of 6.68 Mbp and a GC content of 61.3%.
Draft Genome Sequences of a Putative Prokaryotic Consortium (IPPAS B-1204) Consisting of a Cyanobacterium (
Leptolyngbya
sp.) and an Alphaproteobacterium (
Porphyrobacter
sp.)
Authors: Mironov Kirill S. , Leusenko Pavel A. , Ustinova Vera V. , Bolatkhan Kenzhegul , Zayadan Bolatkhan K. , Kupriyanova Elena V. , Shumskaya Maria , Sinetova Maria A. , Los Dmitry A.
Published: April 2019

A new presumably simple consortium of a
Leptolyngbya
sp. and a
Porphyrobacter
sp. was isolated from Tolbo Lake in Mongolia. The draft genome sequences of both species are reported.
A Novel
Polycipiviridae
Virus Identified in
Pteropus lylei
Stools
Authors: Temmam Sarah , Hul Vibol , Bigot Thomas , Hoem Thavry , Gorman Christopher , Duong Veasna , Dussart Philippe , Cappelle Julien , Eloit Marc
Published: April 2019

Polycipiviridae
is a recently recognized viral family within the order
Picornavirales
with unusual genome organization and phylogenetic placement. Viruses belonging to this family were only reported from arthropod hosts.
Dietary supplementation with inulin-propionate ester or inulin improves insulin sensitivity in adults with overweight and obesity with distinct effects on the gut microbiota, plasma metabolome and systemic inflammatory responses: a randomised cross-over trial
Authors: Chambers Edward S , Byrne Claire S , Morrison Douglas J , Murphy Kevin G , Preston Tom , Tedford Catriona , Garcia-Perez Isabel , Fountana Sofia , Serrano-Contreras Jose Ivan , Holmes Elaine , Reynolds Catherine J , Roberts Jordie F , Boyton Rosemary J , Altmann Daniel M , McDonald Julie A K , Marchesi Julian R , Akbar Arne N , Riddell Natalie E , Wallis Gareth A , Frost Gary S
Published: April 2019

Objective

To investigate the underlying mechanisms behind changes in glucose homeostasis with delivery of propionate to the human colon by comprehensive and coordinated analysis of gut bacterial composition, plasma metabolome and immune responses.

Design

Twelve non-diabetic adults with overweight and obesity received 20 g/day of inulin-propionate ester (IPE), designed to selectively deliver propionate to the colon, a high-fermentable fibre control (inulin) and a low-fermentable fibre control (cellulose) in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design. Outcome measurements of metabolic responses, inflammatory markers and gut bacterial composition were analysed at the end of each 42-day supplementation period.

Results

Both IPE and inulin supplementation improved insulin resistance compared with cellulose supplementation, measured by homeostatic model assessment 2 (mean±SEM 1.23±0.17 IPE vs 1.59±0.17 cellulose, p=0.001; 1.17±0.15 inulin vs 1.59±0.17 cellulose, p=0.009), with no differences between IPE and inulin (p=0.272). Fasting insulin was only associated positively with plasma tyrosine and negatively with plasma glycine following inulin supplementation. IPE supplementation decreased proinflammatory interleukin-8 levels compared with cellulose, while inulin had no impact on the systemic inflammatory markers studied. Inulin promoted changes in gut bacterial populations at the class level (increased Actinobacteria and decreased Clostridia) and order level (decreased Clostridiales) compared with cellulose, with small differences at the species level observed between IPE and cellulose.

Conclusion

These data demonstrate a distinctive physiological impact of raising colonic propionate delivery in humans, as improvements in insulin sensitivity promoted by IPE and inulin were accompanied with different effects on the plasma metabolome, gut bacterial populations and markers of systemic inflammation.
Landscape, colonization, and life history: their effects on genetic diversity in four sympatric species inhabiting a dendritic system
Authors: Ruzzante Daniel E. , McCracken Gregory R. , Salisbury Sarah J. , Brewis Hilary T. , Keefe Donald , Gaggiotti Oscar E. , Perry Robert
Published: April 2019

To what degree are patterns of genetic structure in fragmented systems the result of contemporary landscape versus history? We examined the distribution of genetic diversity as a function of colonization history and contemporary landscape in four fish species inhabiting a hierarchically fragmented, unaltered system, the Kogaluk drainage (Labrador): lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), longnose sucker (Catostomus catostomus), round whitefish (Prosopium cylindraceum), and lake chub (Couesius plumbeus). The footprint of colonization history was still observable in the three species where this issue was examined regardless of the generations since their arrival. Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) analyses suggest colonization took place from the southwest. The species exhibit similar diversity patterns despite different [Formula: see text] values and generation intervals. Contemporary gene flow was largely negligible except for gene flow from a centrally located lake. These results suggest landscape has driven colonization history, which still has influence on genetic structuring. The species are widespread. Understanding how they behave in the pristine Kogaluk provides a baseline against which to evaluate how other anthropogenically perturbed systems are performing. Improved understanding of historical and contemporary processes is required to fully explain diversity patterns in complex metapopulations.
Angiotensin blockade attenuates diabetic nephropathy in hypogonadal adult male rats
Authors: Makary Samy , Abdo Mohamed , Hassan Wael Abdo , Tawfik Mona K.
Published: April 2019

This study examined the effect of the aromatase inhibitor letrozole (0.5 mg/kg) alone or in combination with the angiotensin-receptor blocker valsartan (30 mg/kg) against streptozocin-induced diabetic nephropathy (DN) in hypogonadal (HG) rats for 12 weeks. First, we tested the HG effect on hormone levels, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress in nondiabetic (ND) and diabetic (D) rats. HG was induced with the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonist cetrorelix (0.71 mg/kg). Diabetes enhanced hormonal hypogonadism and increased inflammation and oxidative stress. Next, experiments examined the effect of early letrozole and valsartan intervention on DN in HG rats. HG-ND and HG-D rats were treated with letrozole alone or in combination with valsartan. HG-D rats developed proteinuria and had increased blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, and histopathological evidence of renal injury, including glomerular hypertrophy and mesangial expansion. Valsartan alone or in combination with letrozole reduced proteinuria, improved renal functions, and reduced diabetes-induced renal angiotensin II. Both agents ameliorated nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells, interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels. The combination decreased superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and glutathione peroxidase levels, and prevented glomerular hypertrophy. In HG-D rats, valsartan reduced renal collagen IV and transforming growth factor-beta 1, especially when the testosterone level was corrected by letrozole. Thus, normalizing testosterone and inhibiting renal angiotensin II have a renoprotective effect against DN in HG male rats.
Regeneration of shoots from immature and mature inflorescences ofCannabis sativa
Authors: Piunno Kevin F. , Golenia Gregory , Boudko Ekaterina A. , Downey Cassandra , Jones A. Maxwell P.
Published: April 2019

Cannabis sativa is usually clonally propagated from plants in the vegetative phase. However, phenotypic traits such as yield and chemical composition can only be assessed in unfertilized plants reaching the end of their life cycle and there are no peer-reviewed methods to propagate flowering plants. In this study, immature (three cultivars) and mature (one cultivar) floral explants were cultured on thidiazuron and shoot development was observed in both the immature and mature explants. This provides the first report of micropropagation from floral tissues in C. sativa and will enable plants to be clonally propagated up to the date of harvest.
Symplectic critical surfaces with parallel normalized mean curvature vector in two-dimensional complex space forms
Authors: He Ling , Li Jiayu
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we obtain a sufficient and necessary condition for the existence of symplectic critical surfaces with parallel normalized mean curvature vector in two-dimensional complex space forms. Explicitly, we find that there does not exist any symplectic critical surface with parallel normalized mean curvature vector in two-dimensional complex space forms of nonzero constant holomorphic sectional curvature. And there exists and only exists a two-parameters family of symplectic critical surfaces with parallel normalized mean curvature vector in two-dimensional complex plane, which are rotationally symmetric.
Acupuncture Inhibits the Increase in Alpha-Synuclein by Modulating SGK1 in an MPTP Induced Parkinsonism Mouse Model
Authors: Yeo Sujung , Lim Sabina
Published: April 2019

Parkinson’s disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative disease, is caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). It is characterized by the formation of intracytoplasmic Lewy bodies that are primarily composed of the protein alpha-synuclein ([Formula: see text]-syn) along with dystrophic neurites. Acupuncture stimulation results in an enhanced survival of dopaminergic neurons in the SN in parkinsonism animal models. We investigated the role of acupuncture in inhibiting the increase in [Formula: see text]-syn expression that is related with dopaminergic cell loss in the SN in a chronic 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) parkinsonism mouse model. In this model, acupuncture stimulation at GB34 and LR3 attenuated the decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase. Moreover, acupuncture stimulation attenuated the increase in [Formula: see text]-syn. We identified that serum- and glucocorticoid-dependent kinase 1 (SGK1) is evidently downregulated in chronic MPTP-intoxication and acupuncture stimulation maintained SGK1 expression at levels similar to the control group. For an examination of the expression correlation between SGK1 and [Formula: see text]-syn, SH-SY5Y cells were knocked down with SGK1 siRNA then, the downregulation of dopaminergic cells and the increase in the expression of [Formula: see text]-syn were observed. Our findings indicate that the acupuncture-mediated inhibition in the [Formula: see text]-syn increase induced by MPTP may be responsible for modulating SGK1 expression.
Some consequences of theories with maximal acceleration in laser–plasma acceleration
Authors: Torromé Ricardo Gallego
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we consider classical electrodynamic theories with maximal acceleration and some of their phenomenological consequences for laser–plasma acceleration. It is shown that in a recently proposed higher-order jet theory of electrodynamics, the maximal effective acceleration reachable by a consistent bunch of point-charged particles being accelerated by the wakefield is damped for bunches containing large number of charged particles. We argue that such a prediction of the theory is falsifiable. In the case of Born–Infeld kinematics, laser–plasma acceleration phenomenology provides an upper bound for the Born–Infeld parameter b. Improvements in the beam qualities will imply stronger constraints on b.
A low scale left-right symmetric mirror model
Authors: Abbas Gauhar
Published: April 2019

A left-right symmetric mirror model restoring parity at a high scale in a way such that the mirror fermions and mirror gauge sector simultaneously could exist at TeV scale is discussed. We also provide an ultraviolet completion of the model with vector-like fermions, and discuss some theoretical and phenomenological implications of this model.
Minimal-time mean field games
Authors: Mazanti Guilherme , Santambrogio Filippo
Published: April 2019

This paper considers a mean field game model inspired by crowd motion where agents want to leave a given bounded domain through a part of its boundary in minimal time. Each agent is free to move in any direction, but their maximal speed is bounded in terms of the average density of agents around their position in order to take into account congestion phenomena. After a preliminary study of the corresponding minimal-time optimal control problem, we formulate the mean field game in a Lagrangian setting and prove existence of Lagrangian equilibria using a fixed point strategy. We provide a further study of equilibria under the assumption that agents may leave the domain through the whole boundary, in which case equilibria are described through a system of a continuity equation on the distribution of agents coupled with a Hamilton–Jacobi equation on the value function of the optimal control problem solved by each agent. This is possible thanks to the semiconcavity of the value function, which follows from some further regularity properties of optimal trajectories obtained through Pontryagin Maximum Principle. Simulations illustrate the behavior of equilibria in some particular situations.
Local and global solutions for a hyperbolic–elliptic model of chemotaxis on a network
Authors: Guarguaglini Francesca Romana , Papi Marco , Smarrazzo Flavia
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we study a hyperbolic–elliptic system on a network which arises in biological models involving chemotaxis. We also consider suitable transmission conditions at internal points of the graph which on one hand allow discontinuous density functions at nodes, and on the other guarantee the continuity of the fluxes at each node. Finally, we prove local and global existence of non-negative solutions — the latter in the case of small (in the [Formula: see text]-norm) initial data — as well as their uniqueness.
Approximate cloaking for electromagnetic waves via transformation optics: Cloaking versus infinite energy
Authors: Nguyen Hoai-Minh , Tran Loc
Published: April 2019

We study the approximate cloaking via transformation optics for electromagnetic waves in the time harmonic regime in which the cloaking device only consists of a layer constructed by the mapping technique. Due to the fact that no-lossy layer is required, resonance might appear and the analysis is delicate. We analyze both non-resonant and resonant cases. In particular, we show that the energy can blow up inside the cloaked region in the resonant case and/whereas cloaking is achieved in both cases. Moreover, the degree of visibility depends on the compatibility of the source inside the cloaked region and the system. These facts are new and distinct from known mathematical results in the literature.
Regularity and hp discontinuous Galerkin finite element approximation of linear elliptic eigenvalue problems with singular potentials
Authors: Maday Yvon , Marcati Carlo
Published: April 2019

We study the regularity in weighted Sobolev spaces of Schrödinger-type eigenvalue problems, and we analyze their approximation via a discontinuous Galerkin (dG) [Formula: see text] finite element method. In particular, we show that, for a class of singular potentials, the eigenfunctions of the operator belong to analytic-type non-homogeneous weighted Sobolev spaces. Using this result, we prove that an isotropically graded [Formula: see text] dG method is spectrally accurate, and that the numerical approximation converges with exponential rate to the exact solution. Numerical tests in two and three dimensions confirm the theoretical results and provide an insight into the behavior of the method for varying discretization parameters.
Measurement of beam steering and RF defocusing effect for a quarter-wave resonator
Authors: Qin Yuanshuai , Wang Zhijun , Jia Huan , He Yuan , Gao Penghui , Liu Shuhui , Feng Chi , Chen Weilong , Wang Chao , Jia Yongzhi
Published: April 2019

Quarter-wave resonators (QWRs) are being widely used in linear accelerators (linac) for acceleration of ions with low-[Formula: see text] velocity. Two effects of this kind of cavities are beam steering effect and RF defocusing effect caused by geometric asymmetry. Measurement for the two effects has been conducted by using beam position monitors (BPMs) and wires for a QWR type buncher whose frequency is 162.5[Formula: see text]MHz at Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Since experiment and simulation matches well, beam central position and beam envelope could be predicted in simulation code, which is beneficial for high-intensity proton accelerator design and commissioning.
The Nowicki conjecture for free metabelian Lie algebras
Authors: Drensky Vesselin , Fındık Şehmus
Published: April 2019

Let [Formula: see text] be the polynomial algebra in [Formula: see text] variables over a field [Formula: see text] of characteristic 0. The classical theorem of Weitzenböck from 1932 states that for linear locally nilpotent derivations [Formula: see text] (known as Weitzenböck derivations), the algebra of constants [Formula: see text] is finitely generated. When the Weitzenböck derivation [Formula: see text] acts on the polynomial algebra [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] variables by [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], Nowicki conjectured that [Formula: see text] is generated by [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text]. There are several proofs based on different ideas confirming this conjecture. Considering arbitrary Weitzenböck derivations of the free [Formula: see text]-generated metabelian Lie algebra [Formula: see text], with few trivial exceptions, the algebra [Formula: see text] is not finitely generated. However, the vector subspace [Formula: see text] of the commutator ideal [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is finitely generated as a [Formula: see text]-module. In this paper, we study an analogue of the Nowicki conjecture in the Lie algebra setting and give an explicit set of generators of the [Formula: see text]-module [Formula: see text].
TIGRNCRN: Trustful inference of gene regulatory network using clustering and refining the network
Authors: Pirgazi Jamshid , Khanteymoori Ali Reza , Jalilkhani Maryam
Published: April 2019

In this study, in order to deal with the noise and uncertainty in gene expression data, learning networks, especially Bayesian networks, that have the ability to use prior knowledge, were used to infer gene regulatory network. Learning networks are methods that have the structure of the network and a learning process to obtain relationships. One of the methods which have been used for measuring the relationship between genes is the correlation metrics, but the high correlated genes not necessarily mean that they have causal effect on each other. Studies on common methods in inference of gene regulatory networks are yet to pay attention to their biological importance and as such, predictions by these methods are less accurate in terms of biological significance. Hence, in the proposed method, genes with high correlation were identified in one cluster using clustering, and the existence of edge between the genes in the cluster was prevented. Finally, after the Bayesian network modeling, based on knowledge gained from clustering, the refining phase and improving regulatory interactions using biological correlation were done. In order to show the efficiency, the proposed method has been compared with several common methods in this area including GENIE3 and BMALR. The results of the evaluation indicate that the proposed method recognized regulatory relations in Bayesian modeling process well, due to using of biological knowledge which is hidden in the data collection, and is able to recognize gene regulatory networks align with important methods in this field.
Explicit solutions of imaginary quadratic norm equations
Authors: Sze Sandra
Published: April 2019

Let [Formula: see text] be an imaginary quadratic extension of [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] be the class number and [Formula: see text] be the discriminant of the field [Formula: see text]. Assume [Formula: see text] is a prime such that [Formula: see text]. Then [Formula: see text] splits in [Formula: see text]. The elements of the ring of integers [Formula: see text] are of the form [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The norm [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. In this paper, we find the elements of norm [Formula: see text] explicitly. We also prove certain congruences for solutions of norm equations.
An improved upper bound for the size of the multiplicative 3-Sidon sets
Authors: Pach Péter Pál
Published: April 2019

We say that a set is a multiplicative 3-Sidon set if the equation [Formula: see text] does not have a solution consisting of distinct elements taken from this set. In this paper, we show that the size of a multiplicative 3-Sidon subset of [Formula: see text] is at most [Formula: see text], which improves the previously known best bound [Formula: see text].
Modeling control of foot and mouth disease with two time delays
Authors: Tessema Kassahun M. , Chirove Faraimunashe , Sibanda Precious
Published: April 2019

We develop a delay ordinary differential equation model that captures the effects of prophylactic vaccination, reactive vaccination, prophylactic treatment and reactive culling on the spread of foot and mouth disease (FMD) with time delays. Simulation results from the study suggest that increasing time delay while increasing the control strategies decreases the burden of FMD. Further, the results reveal, that decreasing time delay while decreasing the control strategies increases the burden of FMD. The intermediate scenarios of either (i) increasing time delay while decreasing control or (ii) decreasing time delay while increasing control have intermediate effects on burden reduction. Thus, the implementation of effective control strategies combination can play an important role in mitigating against the FMD burden.
A long-life pseudocapacitive triazine-based porous organic framework and resulting N-doped microporous carbons for supercapacitance application
Authors: Wang Mingyue , Xue Rui , Guo Hao , Yang Wu
Published: April 2019

A porous organic framework as electrode material for supercapacitor was prepared successfully. It exhibited the remarkable specific capacitance of [Formula: see text] at current density of [Formula: see text], and 100% of capacitance retention after successive charge–discharge 10,000 cycles in an alkaline aqueous electrolyte solution. At the same time, we explored the electrochemical performance of porous N-doped carbon derived from the template of porous organic framework as supercapacitor electrode material. Impressively, it possessed the higher specific capacitance and better cycling stability, which showed specific capacitance of [Formula: see text] at the current density of [Formula: see text] and retained 100% of initial capacitance after 30,000 cycles.
Photo-Reactive Oxygen Species Boosting Strategy by Employing Mitochondrial Targeting Zinc-Doped Magnetic Nanoparticles to Enhance Anti-Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wu Congyu , Li Ying , Wang Jingjing , Chen Mengwei , Shen Yajing , Han Yu , Lesniak Maciej S. , Cheng Yu
Published: April 2019

The peroxidase-like functionality of iron oxide (IO) nanoparticles has attracted substantial attention in cancer treatment by reactive oxygen species (ROS) catalytic over-generation. However, the inefficient intracellular ROS generation still hurdles ready-to-use application of IO nanoparticles, attributing to the transient lifetime and limited diffusion distance of ROS. Indeed, excessive ROS generation in mitochondria is desirable to enhance cell death against cancer cells. In this study, we designed zinc-doped magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) conjugated with triphenylphosphonium (TPP) for mitochondrial targeting. Moreover, the nanoparticles with high absorbance in visible region can catalyze ROS overproduction under visible light irradiation. Our platform provides a novel application of MNPs in targeted cancer therapy, which serves as a light-controlled switch to accelerate ROS generation and induce incremental cellular death.
Trends of U.S.-China Trade Disputes and Beijing’s Policy Options
Authors: Tianhao Sun , Yan Wang
Published: April 2019

Although the intensified trade disputes between China and the United States accord with the basic theory of international political economy, they are unlikely to escalate into a trade war in a world characterized by the inexorable forces of globalization. What lies behind the Trump administration’s aggressive trade policy toward China is a bipartisan consensus on the growing need to reduce U.S. trade deficits, rein in China’s non-market economic forces, slow down China’s technological innovation and industrial upgrading, as well as to create political pressure on China to rectify its allegedly malign practices in global economic arenas. Motivation analysis suggests that the ongoing trade disputes are a product of the United States trying to coerce a potential challenger into adjusting its industrial development strategy and to prevent a determined rising power from pursuing national revival on its own terms. Lessons drawn from the trade conflicts between Japan and the United States in the 1980s suggest that Beijing may encounter even more trade frictions with Washington in the next few years. China must stand its ground under growing political and economic pressure, define trade disputes in strictly economic terms, and deal flexibly with their impacts. The lasting trade tensions between China and the United States has also exposed Beijing’s strategic shortcomings and forced China to enhance its innovation capacity while fostering independent intellectual property, so as to consolidate its comprehensive national power.
Lightweight Implementations of NIST P-256 and SM2 ECC on 8-bit Resource-Constraint Embedded Device
Authors: Zhou Lu , Su Chunhua , Hu Zhi , Lee Sokjoon , Seo Hwajeong
Published: April 2019

Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) now is one of the most important approach to instantiate asymmetric encryption and signature schemes, which has been extensively exploited to protect the security of cyber-physical systems. With the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT), a great deal of constrained devices may require software implementations of ECC operations. Under this circumstances, the SM2, a set of public key cryptographic algorithms based on elliptic curves published by Chinese Commercial Cryptography Administration Office, was standardized at ISO in 2017 to enhance the cyber-security. However, few research works on the implementation of SM2 for constrained devices have been conducted. In this work, we fill this gap and propose our efficient, secure, and compact implementation of scalar multiplication on a 256-bit elliptic curve recommended by the SM2, as well as a comparison implementation of scalar multiplication on the same bit-length elliptic curve recommended by NIST. We re-design some existent techniques to fit the low-end IoT platform, namely 8-bit AVR processors, and our implementations evaluated on the desired platform show that the SM2 algorithms have competitive efficiency and security with NIST, which would work well to secure the IoT world.
Designing to Distract
Authors: Lim Bohyeon , Rogers Yvonne , Sebire Neil
Published: April 2019

Many public buildings are entered through reception areas, intended for visitors to sit and wait in to be met. A concern is how to make visitors feel welcome while in transit. Hospitals, medical centres and other healthcare organisations are a special case where the challenge is to enable patients and families feel less anxious when waiting. One approach has been to design for distraction – where displays, surfaces, and interactive installations are created to draw visitor's attention away from their immediate thoughts. However, little is known as to how people respond to such interventions. We present the findings of an ethnographic study that examined the social and psychological effects of using distraction as a design principle in a children's hospital reception area. We discuss the challenges of designing to distract, in relation to how it can be combined with other architectural and HCI ones, when developing new human–building interfaces.
Tractor Beam
Authors: Noh Juhwan , Kwon Yujin , Son Yunmok , Shin Hocheol , Kim Dohyun , Choi Jaeyeong , Kim Yongdae
Published: April 2019

The consumer drone market is booming. Consumer drones are predominantly used for aerial photography; however, their use has been expanding because of their autopilot technology. Unfortunately, terrorists have also begun to use consumer drones for kamikaze bombing and reconnaissance. To protect against such threats, several companies have started “anti-drone” services that primarily focus on disrupting or incapacitating drone operations. However, the approaches employed are inadequate, because they make any drone that has intruded stop and remain over the protected area. We specify this issue by introducing the concept of
safe-hijacking
, which enables a hijacker to expel the intruding drone from the protected area remotely. As a
safe-hijacking
strategy, we investigated whether consumer drones in the autopilot mode can be hijacked via adaptive GPS spoofing. Specifically, as consumer drones activate GPS fail-safe and change their flight mode whenever a GPS error occurs, we performed black- and white-box analyses of GPS fail-safe flight mode and the following behavior after GPS signal recovery of existing consumer drones. Based on our analyses results, we developed a taxonomy of consumer drones according to these fail-safe mechanisms and designed
safe-hijacking
strategies for each drone type. Subsequently, we applied these strategies to four popular drones: DJI Phantom 3 Standard, DJI Phantom 4, Parrot Bebop 2, and 3DR Solo. The results of field experiments and software simulations verified the efficacy of our
safe-hijacking
strategies against these drones and demonstrated that the strategies can force them to move in any direction with high accuracy.
Supporting Superpages and Lightweight Page Migration in Hybrid Memory Systems
Authors: Wang Xiaoyuan , Liu Haikun , Liao Xiaofei , Chen Ji , Jin Hai , Zhang Yu , Zheng Long , He Bingsheng , Jiang Song
Published: April 2019

Superpages have long been used to mitigate address translation overhead in large-memory systems. However, superpages often preclude lightweight page migration, which is crucial for performance and energy efficiency in hybrid memory systems composed of DRAM and non-volatile memory (NVM). In this article, we propose a novel memory management mechanism called
Rainbow
to bridge this fundamental conflict between superpages and lightweight page migration. Rainbow manages NVM at the superpage granularity, and uses DRAM to cache frequently accessed (hot) small pages within each superpage. Correspondingly, Rainbow utilizes split TLBs to support different page sizes. By introducing an efficient hot page identification mechanism and a novel NVM-to-DRAM address remapping mechanism, Rainbow supports lightweight page migration without splintering superpages. Experiment results show that Rainbow can significantly reduce applications’ TLB misses by 99.9%, and improve application performance (in terms of IPC) by up to 2.9× (45.3% on average) when compared to a state-of-the-art memory migration policy without a superpage support.
"But why?" Understanding explainable artificial intelligence
Authors: Miller Tim
Published: April 2019

Opaque algorithms get to score and choose in many areas using their own inscrutable logic. To whom are said algorithms held accountable? And what is being done to ensure explainability of these algorithms?