bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identities of the rodents (Muridae) listed in T. L. Mitchell's "Three expeditions into the interior of eastern Australia, with descriptions of the recently explored region of Australia Felix, and of the present colony of New South Wales" (1st ed., 1838; 2nd ed., 1839).
Authors: Mahoney J. A.
Published: December 2022

Mitchell applied four names to the rodents collected during his exploration of New South Wales and Victoria in 1831-36. They are "Dipus Mitchellii. Ogilby [Dipus mitchellii Ogilby, 1838]", "Conilurus constructor. Ogilby [Conilurus constructor (Ogilby, 1837))", "Mus Platurus Mitch. [Mus platurus Mitchell, 1838]" and "Mus Hovellii. Mitch. [Mus hovellii Mitchell, 1838] ". M. platurus Mitchell and M. hovellii Mitchell are nomina nuda. The whereabouts of the specimens are unknown. One is the holotype of Notomys mitchellii (Ogilby, 1838). The identities of the others are in doubt, but Conilurus albipes (Lichtenstein, 1829), Leporillus conditor (Sturt, 1848) and Leporillus apicalis (Gould, 1853) may all be represented in Mitchell's collec tion. The original descriptions of D. mitchellii Ogilby and C. constructor (Ogilby) are in abstracts of a paper read to the Linnean Society of London on December 5th, 1837. A lectotype is designated for Conylurus constructor Ogilby, 1837 and for Conilurus constructor Ogilby, 1838. The former name is an unused one and l will be making an application to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature asking that the name be suppressed. The publication date of 1829 attributed here to Hapalotis albipes Lichtenstein is derived from external evidence. The evidence for Leporillus apicalis being a stick-nest builder is inconclusive, but it probably has that habit. Conilurus albipes is apparently extinct. Notomys mitchellii still occurs in northwestern Victoria. Leporillus apicalis may be extant in remote areas of the continent. Leporillus conditor presumably continues to survive on Franklin Island, off the South Australian coast. It may also be extant on the Australian mainland.
Antechinus puteus (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae), a new fossil species from the Texas Caves, southeastern Queensland.
Authors: Dyck S. Van
Published: December 2022

Antechinus puteus, a new fossil species of Antechinus is described from a Pleistocene deposit in the Texas Caves of southeastern Queensland. This species most closely resembles A. flavipes (Waterhouse) but differs from it in possessing a single-rooted, obliquely oriented P3, and reduced talonids on M2 and M3.
Bohra paulae, a new giant fossil tree kangaroo (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) from New South Wales, Australia.
Authors: Flannery T. F. , Szalay F. S.
Published: December 2022

Bohra paulae, a new fossil macropodid, may be the primitive sister-group of species of Dendrolagus. Known only from hindlimb material, it is larger than any species of Dendrolagus, yet shows arboreal adaptations.
The systematics of tree kangaroos (Dendrolagus; Marsupialia, Macropodidae).
Authors: Groves C. P.
Published: December 2022

There are six species of the genus Dendrolagus, differing in body proportions, skull, teeth and other characters, such that they can be arranged into a more primitive group (D . inustus and D. lumholtzi) and a group with a serially increasing complex of derived characters (D. ursinus, D. matschiei and D. dorianus). The position of D. bennettianus is unclear; despite its retention of primitive features, it may show some derived characters in common with the ursinus group. The distributions and geographic variation within each of these species are delineated, and a dispersal hypothesis is put forward.
The anatomy of the rostral nasal cavity and vomeronasal organ in Tarsipes rostratus (Marsupialia: Tarsipedidae).
Authors: Kratzing J. E.
Published: December 2022

The rostral nasal structure of Tarsipes is described from diagrams drawn from transverse serial sections. Left and right nasal cavities are separate but nasal and oral cavities communicate freely via the nasopalatine ducts, whose oral openings lie lateral to the incisive papilla. The papilla is grooved ventrally with taste buds on the sides of the groove. The nasopalatine ducts open to the nasal cavity below a glandular swell body over the tip of the vomeronasal cartilage. The ducts of the vomeronasal organ open into the oral end of the nasopalatine ducts. The organ extends about one third of the way along the base of the septum, with sensory epithelium medially and ciliated epithelium laterally. Vomeronasal glands occupy the ventral half of the septum caudal to the sensory epithelium. It is suggested that their secretion reaches the spiny dorsal surface of the tongue, and that tongue movements may assist the presentation of odours to the vomeronasal organ. Olfactory epithelium reaches as far rostrally as the bony nasal septum in the dorsal nasal cavity. The ventral cavity is lined by ciliated epithelium with few goblet cells. The nasal vestibule receives secretion from septal glands of the dorsal swell body, from the lateral nasal gland, and from the lacrimal gland via the nasolacrimal duct.
Is the striped possum (Dactylopsila trivirgata; Marsupialia, Petauridae) an arboreal anteater?
Authors: Smith A.
Published: December 2022

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Observations on the reproduction and growth of the Long-tailed Pygmy Possum, Cercartetus caudatus (Marsupialia: Burramyidae), in captivity.
Authors: Atherton R. G. , Haffenden A. T.
Published: December 2022

Long-tailed Pygmy Possums Cercartetus caudatus were bred in captivity. Twice yearly breeding was indicated by the births of young to captive females, and by peaking and regression of the testes width of the male. Litter sizes were up to four, and young were first recorded emerging from the pouch at 34 ± 5 days. Young become independent at 92 ± 10 days. Females raised in captivity first bred at the age of 15 months. Maximum longevity of captive born individuals was 38 months. Torpidity was observed in a tropical climate.
The identity of Captain Cook's quoll Mustela quoll Zimmermann, 1783 (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae).
Authors: Mahoney J. A. , Ride W. D. L.
Published: December 2022

A drawing, accoutitS and vocabularies made during Captain James Cook 's voyage to eastern Australia in 1768-1771 indicate that the name Mustela quoll Zimmermann, 1783, is probably the valid name of the Northern Quail (Dasyurus hallucatus Gould, 1842). Previous allocation of the specific name quoll to the Eastern Quoll (Dasyurus viverrinus (Shaw, 1800)) and the belief that Mustela quoll is not an available name are erroneous. Suppression of M. quoll is sought because introduction of the name would upset a stable nomenclature; it would also cause confusion because the name quoll has been used both as vernacular and scienitific names for the Eastern Quoll.
A Papua New Guinea specimen of Hydromys hussoni Musser and Piik, 1982 (Rodentia: Muridae).
Authors: Ziegler A. C.
Published: December 2022

NA
Organ-body weight relationships in the Common Brushtail Possum Trichosurus vulpecula (Marsupialia: Phalangeridae).
Authors: Gilmore D. P.
Published: December 2022

Organ-body weight relationships were studied in the adult, juvenile and pouch young Common Brushtail Possum, Trichosurus vulpecula. It was found that the relative sizes of spleen, heart and kidney were larger in the pouch young than in the juvenile and adult. The liver increased in relative size during pouch life but then fell around the time the pouch was vacated. In the adult possum all four organs examined were significantly larger in the male but this sex difference was only apparent in the size of the heart in the pouch young and juvenile. Significant seasonal changes were observed in the relative weights of the kidneys and heart in both sexes. However, only in the male did the relative liver size show significant seasonal variation.
Correlates of torpor in the insectivorous dasyurid marsupial Sminthopsis murina.
Authors: Geiser F. , Augee M. L. , McCarron H. , Raison J. K.
Published: December 2022

Body temperatures, oxygen consumption and the thermal response of liver mitochondrial membranes of the Common Dunnart, Sminthopsis murina, were measured during winter and the summer mating season. In winter body temperatures for S. murina during spontaneous torpor were as low as 15oC and oxygen consumption was reduced to 6% of normothermic resting animals. In summer animals remained normothermic. For the winter animals liver mitochondrial succinate oxidase and succinate: cytochrome c reductase showed a constant apparent Arrhenius activation energy (Ea) over the temperature range 6 to 40oC. For summer animals Ea increased below about 20oC. The temperature coefficient for the motion of spin labels intercalated with membrane lipids increased below about 8oC for membranes from winter animals and below 20oC for summer animals.
The thermal physiology of the Mountain Pygmy-possum Burramys parvus (Marsupialia: Burramyidae).
Authors: Fleming M. R.
Published: December 2022

The Mountain Pygmy-possum Burramys parvus is restricted to the Australian alpine region. Laboratory studies of the thermo-physiology of this species found that body temperature (Tb) was tightly regulated at 36.1oC, but animals quickly become hyperthermic at ambient temperatures (Ta) above 30oC, causing the thermal neutral zone to be truncated. Basal metabolic rate was 2.15 W kg -0.75 (mean body mass 44.3 g) and weight-specific thermal conductance was 0.112 ml O2, g-1 h-1 oC-1. These values are 9% and 44% lower, respectively, than the mass predicted value for a marsupial, showing that the overall rate of energy expenditure is considerably reduced in this species. Huddling also reduces individual rates of energy expenditure. Burramys parvus enters prolonged bouts of deep torpor lasting up to one week, during which Tb is very low and close to Ta and the rate of oxygen consumption greatly reduced. Spontaneous arousal occurred from a Tb as low as 6oC and the overall rate of rewarming was 0.17 oC /min. Attainment of a critical body mass appeared to be necessary before an animal would enter torpor. Burramys parvus shows physiological adjustments similar to that described in many placental mammals from cold climates and this species represents a true marsupial hibernator.
Organization of North American desert rodent associations: insights from geographic comparisons and perturbation experiments.
Authors: Brown J. H.
Published: December 2022

In this essay I use my own research on North American desert rodents to illustrate how comparative geographic studies and experimental perturbations at local sites give different, sometimes seemingly conflicting insights into the patterns and processes that characterize assemblages of species. In general, results of the two approaches can be reconciled, and they support the hypotheses that community organization is by no means entirely random, but determined in part by deterministic effects of limited food availability, interspecific competition, and other interactions. On the other hand , either approach by itself is inadequate and sometimes misleading, because ecological processes operate in different ways and have different effects on different spatial and temporal scales.
Preface
Authors: Archer M.
Published: December 2022

NA
Preface
Authors: Hand S.
Published: December 2022

NA
The absorptive surface area of the small intestine of Pteropus poliocephalus (Megachiroptera: Pteropodidae): an important factor in rapid food transit?
Authors: Tedman R. A. , Hall L. S.
Published: December 2022

Food transit time is remarkably short in the fruit bat Pteropus poliocephalus. This report details observations on the morphology of the intestinal villi and microvilli, and relates them to the unusual digestive physiology of the species. The tall, broad, flattened, triangular villi provide mucosal surface area to serosal area ratios which are larger than those reported for other mammalian species with a variety of diets. The relatively high density (≤79/μm2) of very tall microvilli (≤5.7 μm) produces an enormous increase in absorptive surface area of intestinal epithelial cells. The large absorptive surface area may be important in maximising the absorption of predominantly fluid digesta to compensate for the short exposure to absorptive cells because of the short food transit time.
Audiogram of the Grey-headed Flying-fox, Pteropus poliocephalus (Megachiroptera: Pteropodidae).
Authors: Calford M.B. , Wise L. Z. , Pettigrew J. D.
Published: December 2022

The hearing of the Grey-headed Flying-fox, Pteropus poliocephalus, has been examined by neurophysiological recording from single neurons in the midbrain inferior colliculus. The neurophysiological audiogram so obtained covers the frequency range from 2 kHz to 50 kHz, with maximal sensitivity (18 dB SPL) at 15 kHz.
Disease exchange between bats and researchers: problems and precautions.
Authors: Constantine D. G.
Published: December 2022

Extensive surveys of bats have revealed that various species may experience infection by a variety of pathogenic micro-organisms. Of foremost interest to humans are rabies in American bats and histoplasmosis in bats or guano from various parts of the world. Recently, certain African and European bats have been found infected with rabies-like viruses against which rabies vaccine provides little if any protection. Bat researchers may inadvertently introduce microbial pathogens into bat populations. For example, spores of the fungus that causes histoplasmosis might be transferred between bat roosts in guano particles on boots. Pathogenic organisms could be exchanged between species that normally are geographically or ecologically separate when they are caged together. Human pathogens might be introduced into bat populations by infected investigators.
Feeding behaviour of the Yellow-bellied Glider, Petaurus australis (Marsupialia: Petauridae), at Bombala, New South Wales.
Authors: Goldingay R. L.
Published: December 2022

Observations on the feed ing behaviour of the Yellow-bellied Glider (Petaurus australis) were conducted in a tall montane forest near Bombala, New South Wales to determine seasonal changes in food resource utilisation . Eucalypt sap, arthropods and honeydew were the main components in the diet. Time spent harvesting these resources varied seasonally: sap (0-94% of the observed feeding time), arthropods (4-86%), honeydew (2-56%). Eucalyptus viminalis was used for sap in January and E. fastigata was used in May and June. Only a few individual trees of each species were incised for sap. Arthropods were predominantly harvested from beneath the loose bark of each of the six species of eucalypt in the study area with this activity being closely tied to the bark shedding pattern of these species. Honeydew was only obtained from a restricted number of trees with E. cypellocarpa being the main species providing this resource. Manna was only harvested during December when it accounted for 29% of the observed feeding time. Nectar was absent from the diet of P. australis during 1984 even though five of the six eucalypt species in the study area flowered during the year. Results obtained confirm those of other researchers which suggest an annual cycle of food resource use by P. australis, dictated by the pattern of phenological change in the forest. The nature of the relationship between the use of certain resources (sap, honeydew) and their availability is yet to be determined.
Interactions between adult female and juvenile Anteclunus stuartii ( Marsupialia: Dasyuridae) at the time of juvenile dispersal.
Authors: Vestal B. M. , Lee A. K. , Saxon M. J.
Published: December 2022

Juvenile male Antechinus stuartii disperse from the natal site soon after weaning when their mothers are present, but may be philopatric when mothers are missing. These males join other nesting groups which may include adult females. Juvenile males may thus be caused to emigrate by their mothers. We tested the hypothesis that parous females exhibit more aggression towards their newly-weaned sons than towards other juveniles at the time of dispersal. Encounters between females and juveniles were observed in a test arena in the fi eld. Females were not more aggressive towards sons. Encounters between mothers and offspring involved more contact and investigation than those between adult females and alien young, indicating kin recognition in the test situation. Proximate mechanisms other than maternal aggression may cause male-biased juvenile dispersal.
Bat fauna of Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory.
Authors: Friend G. R . , Braithwaite R. W.
Published: December 2022

Bat species recorded during recent CSlRO fauna surveys of Kakadu National Park (1980-83) are documented, together with information on abundance and distribution of species in five habitats. Twenty-one species were detected comprising 12 genera and six families. More species were recorded in the open forest and woodland areas, probably because of their greater structural complexity, the availability of tree hollows as roost sites and the larger area of such habitat in the region. A further four species are known to occur in the Park, bringing the total to 25 species comprising 14 genera and six families. The richness and composition of this assemblage was compared with that of other areas in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions of Australia. The Kakadu bat fauna has its strongest affinities with that of the Kimberley region. Specific similarity declines linearly with (direct) distance from Kakadu, but generic similarity shows no significant linear trend. The Kakadu region supports a rich bat fauna, including several species which are regarded as rare or of limited distribution. This has considerable significance for their conservation.
Notes on the size of Pseudomys novaehollandiae (Waterhouse) (Rodentia: Muridae) in Tasmania.
Authors: Norton T. W.
Published: December 2022

NA
The Chestnut Dunnart, Sminthopsis archeri (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae), a new species from the savannahs of Papua New Guinea and Cape York Peninsula, Australia.
Authors: Van Dyck S.
Published: December 2022

Sminthopsis archeri sp. nov. is described from the mixed savannahs of southwestern Papua New Guinea and Cape York Peninsula, Australia. This medium-sized species has clearly defined striate apical granules on the interdigital hindfoot pads and characteristic development of the metastylar corner of the fifth upper molars. The phenetic affinities of S. archeri lie with the S. macroura species group and with S. butleri in particular. The historic problems associated with the identification of this species are outlined and some solutions proposed.
Foraging behaviour of the yellow-bellied glider, Petaurus australis (Marsupialia: Petauridae), near Eden.
Authors: Kavanagh R. P.
Published: December 2022

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The breeding season of Sminthopsis virginiae (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae) in the Northern Territory.
Authors: Morton S. R. , Armstrong M. D. , Braithwaite R. W.
Published: December 2022

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Flying-foxes (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) in the Coffs Harbour district of New South Wales.
Authors: Palmer R. H.
Published: December 2022

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Flying-fox (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) research and management policies.
Authors: Saunders G.
Published: December 2022

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The ecology of the Bush Rat, Rattus fuscipes (Rodentia: Muridae), in Sherbrooke Forest, Victoria.
Authors: Robinson A.C.
Published: December 2022

A population of Rattus fuscipes, in Sherbrooke Forest, Victoria, had a well defined breeding season. Mating occurred between November and January and the young were born between December and February. Juveniles were first captured in late February at approximately 1.5 months of age. The subadult age class displaced the parental age class in the population by the following August, so that almost all animals breeding in a season belonged to a single age class. The degree of home range overlap changed seasonally and could be related to changes in the proportion of amicable and agonistic behaviour judged from a series of contrived laboratory encounters. Diet consisted of both plant and insect material and changes in the proportion of these two components correlated with changes in survival. Measurements of 15 physiological parameters and organ weights, drawn at montly intervals indicated three periods during the life cycle when R. fuscipes exhibited heightened adreno-cortical activity. It is suggested that the development of territoriality in subadults during late autumn and possibly the decrease in abundance and quality of food in early winter, largely determine the size of the breeding population in late spring.
Current Literature
Authors: Calaby J. H.
Published: December 2022

NA
Parametric Evolution of Power-law Energy Spectra of Energetic Electrons in the Coronal Loops
Authors: Tang Jian-Fei , Wu De-Jin , Chen Ling , Xu Lei
Published: December 2022

Fast electron beams (FEBs) are one of the main products of various active events and are ubiquitous in solar, space and cosmic plasmas. They reveal themselves in hard X-ray and radio emissions. The observed characteristics of X-ray and radio emissions sensitively depend on the energy distribution of FEBs, which usually have a power-law energy spectrum. As FEBs travel in the solar atmosphere, their energy distribution can considerably vary due to the interaction with ambient plasmas. Tang et al. investigated the evolution of the energy spectrum of the FEBs traveling along a flare loop and discussed the possible effects on associated hard X-ray (HXR) and radio emissions. Considering the ubiquitous coronal loops in active regions, in the present paper, we investigate the parametric evolution of the energy spectra of FEBs when propagating along coronal loops. Here, we take the sunpot atmospheric model as an approximate coronal loop atmosphere model. The results show that the energy loss has an important impact on the cutoff behavior and energy spectra of FEBs when precipitating in a coronal loop with density ratio n

b
/n

e
= 0.01. The initially single power-law spectrum with a steepness cutoff can evolve into a more complex double power-law spectrum or two “knees” power-law spectrum with a flattened steepness cutoff behavior or saturation cutoff behavior. Our calculations also demonstrate that the energy spectrum evolution is not obvious if n

b
/n
0 = 0.001 as Tang et al. asserted. The present results are helpful for a more comprehensive understanding of the dynamic spectra of HXR and radio emissions from FEBs.
A socio-economic environment that transformed farmers’ households into merchants
Authors: Tajidan Tajidan , Halil Halil , Efendy Efendy , Fernandez Fransiskus Xaverius Edy , Nabilah Sharfina , Muttaqin M. Zaenul , Sukmana Febrian Humaidi
Published: December 2022

This study aims to reveal the socio-economic background of the household that led the farmer’s household to transform into a farmer at the same time as a healthy vegetable trader, as well as to design the marketing mix strategy plus motivation and management (4’P + 2’M). Data collection uses a triangular method, which is a combination of structured interview, in-depth interviews, and observation techniques at farms and places where healthy vegetables are sold. Data analysis used mixed models, namely quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative analysis applies descriptive statistics, while qualitative methods apply comparative analysis and desk studies. The results of the study show that the income obtained from agricultural products is not sufficient for economic needs as a trigger for them to double work as farmers and traders, as well as optimizing the use of household resources through the application of marketing mix strategies plus motivation and management, so that they are able to increase their household income.
Production and income dynamics of maize farmers in dryland of North Lombok Indonesia before and during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Jaya I K D , Rosmilawati
Published: December 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a broad impact on several aspects of human life, one of which is the issue of food sufficiency. Due to social restrictions, the agricultural sector, which plays a role in producing food for humans, may be affected by the pandemic. These restrictions impact the availability of farm labor and the market, both agricultural inputs, and outputs. This three-year study examines the factors that influence the productivity and income of maize farmers in the dry sandy lands of Gumantar village, North Lombok, Indonesia, before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. The method used was descriptive quantitative with 50 respondents, determined by accidental sampling. The study results showed variations in land area ownership of respondent farmers, variations in crop productivity, and variations in the form of products sold, such as selling cobs and selling grains. Maize production was more affected by rainfall, fertilizer availability, and pest disturbances than the Covid-19 pandemic. However, the Covid-19 pandemic impacted the income of maize farmers due to restrictions on the mobility of maize buyers.
Additive intercropping with peanut increases growth and yield of various promising lines of red rice under aerobic irrigation system on permanent raised-beds
Authors: Wangiyana W , Fikri M A , Aryana I G P M , Mahardika I B K
Published: December 2022

Cereal-legume intercropping can potentially increase yield of the intercropped cereals such as maize and rice. The aim of this research was to examine whether relay-planting peanut between rows of several promising lines of red rice could increase growth and yield of irrigated aerobic red rice. The Split Plot design was used to arrange the experiment consisting of three blocks and two treatment factors. The main plot factor was red rice line comprising four genotypes (G04, G10, G15 and G21) while the subplot factor was intercropping comprising two treatments (T0= monocropped rice, T1= rice-peanut intercropping). The results indicated that the rice-peanut intercropping could significantly increase red rice growth and yield while different lines only affected plant height and some yield variables. However, plant height and grain yield showed significant interactions of the treatment factors, in which G21 intercropped with peanut had the highest yield (47.16 g/clump equivalent to 9.34 tons/ha), while the lowest yield was on monocropped G04 (21.55 g/clump equivalent to 4.31 tons/ha). These indicated different responses among the red rice lines to additive intercropping with peanut, in which G21 showed the highest yield increase, followed by G15 and G04, while G10 showed no significant yield increase due to intercropping.
Adaptation strategies of farmers to increase capacity in the midst of climate change
Authors: Busthanul N , Demmalino E B , Syafiuddin M , Zhafran L M , Rahmawati Nabilah , Heliawaty
Published: December 2022

The objectives of this study are examining the factors that influence cocoa producers’ adaptive capacity in the face of climate change in the Bantaeng district. This is a qualitative-descriptive data analysis research project. This is an analytical method for processing research findings in order to get a conclusion. Qualitative analysis is used to describe and describe cocoa farming, in addition to analyzing the adaption strategy of cocoa farmers in the research area. The findings revealed that compared to Tompobulu District, where farmers do not pay care to their cocoa trees, cocoa farmers in Gantarangkeke District pay more attention to their plants by always doing sanitation such as pruning, smoking, and other activities.
Effect of NAA and BAP concentrations on rambutan growth (Nephelium lappaceum L.) in Vitro
Authors: Yuniastuti E , Chintiana D G , Sukaya  , Putri I I S
Published: December 2022

Rambutan fruit (Nephelium lappaceum L.) is a popular fruit in the ASEAN (Association of Southest Asian Nations) region. Rambutan is a tropical fruit plant that is much favored by people both at home and abroad. Rambutan fruit is much loved and in demand, this is because it has a delicious, sweet taste and has a fairly high nutritional value. Apart from being consumed fresh, rambutan fruit also has a lot of benefits. Demand for rambutan commodities continues to increase but is not matched in terms of production which tends to decline every year. The cultivation of rambutan has not been carried out intensively so that the production and quality are not optimal. Therefore, it is necessary to breed rambutan through the application of in vitro culture to overcome this problem. The application of biotechnology through tissue culture is believed to be able to provide seed mass, uniform and throughout the year, so that the demand for rambutan commodities can be met. This study aims to examine the effect of growth regulators, namely BAP and NAA, on the growth and development of rambutan lateral shoot explants planted on Woody Plant Medium (WPM) in vitro using several varieties. This research was conducted from August 2020 to April 2021 in the Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University. The prime purpose of this research is to figure out the best growing regulatory substances and varieties in the growth of rambutan plants in vitro. This study used a completely Randomized Design with two treatment. Varieties consisting of rapiah, binjai, ace was the first factor, and the growth regulator type consists of four levels: 0 ppm, NAA 0.5 ppm, BAP 4 ppm, NAA 0.5 ppm + BAP 4 ppm was the second factor. The study showed that the combination treatment of NAA 0.5 ppm + BAP 4 ppm was able to produce an average when the fastest shoots appeared (13.33 DAP), the average when the most rapid leaves appeared (20.67 DAP), with the leaves’ average number (4 leaves), the fastest roots’ average number (21 DAP), the average number of roots (3 roots), and the longest average root is 3.67 cm in the binjai variety.
Food crops base sector in Merauke Regency
Authors: Wafajariyah Nawa Fillaili , Ginting Nina Maksimiliana , Situmorang Ferdinand Christianto , Paramita Ni Wayan Pradnya , Untari  , Widiastuti Maria Magdalena , Simatupang David Oscar , Sembiring Jefri , Panga Nurhaya
Published: December 2022

The aim of the research is to find out the food crops base commodities, the food crops base commodities that are competitive and have a fast growth, and food crops base that are potential to be development priorities. The data used is secondary data covering all 20 districts in Merauke Regency. This study uses Location Quotient analysis and Shift Share analysis, as well as combination of both analyses. This study shows that rice is the food crops base commodity in six districts, corn in eight districts, soybean in three districts, cassava in sixteen districts, sweet potato in fifteen districts, peanut in five districts, and mung bean in seven districts. Basic food crop commodities that have fast growth are corn commodity that found in eight districts, and cassava in fifteen districts. The basic food crop commodities that become development priorities are cassava as the main priority commodity in one district, and second priority commodity is in fourteen districts. Corn as the second priority in five districts, and soybean as the second priority commodities in one district.
Does mechanization have an impact on increasing productivity and income of narrow land corn farmers in Indonesia?
Authors: Feryanto  , Herawati  , Rifin A , Tinaprilla N
Published: December 2022

Smallholder farmers dominate the agricultural system in Indonesia, including farmers of corn. The high demand for corn for the food and feed industry and the low domestic production have prompted the government to import. The increase in corn production is carried out by using mechanization in its cultivation activities. This study aimed to see the effect of mechanization on increasing the productivity and income of corn farmers on a small land. The definition of narrow land used in this study is a farmer who has a land area of less than 5000 m2. The data used is derived from a household survey of palawija crop farmers in 2014. The findings show that the mechanization adopted by corn farmers on small land has a positive effect. Small land farmers who use mechanization show that their average productivity and income are higher than small land farmers who do not use mechanization in their farming activities.
Sustainability agricultural supply chain in improving the welfare of North Toraja Arabica coffee farmers
Authors: Panggabean Y B S , Arsyad Muhammad , Mahyuddin  , Nasaruddin
Published: December 2022

This form of agricultural acceleration requires considerable effort as a form of capacity building, agricultural production, as well as developing agricultural product innovations into processed products that have economic value, and are multipurpose. Business in the field of coffee farming has a long and complicated supply chain that is often encountered from upstream to downstream and is also one of the obstacles in developing business in the Arabica coffee sector. The success of sustainable rural agricultural development in Indonesia is very important so that the expected results can ultimately contribute to the country’s economic stability and support the country’s economic growth. Indonesia’s agricultural sector has played a major role in supporting the country’s stability, as well as in improving quality and production to meet the growing national food needs. Thus, agricultural development efforts are focused on increasing production levels through land expansion and agricultural intensification. The increasing adoption of sustainable agriculture is attracting the attention of governments and farmers, especially companies and end consumers, with the increasing awareness of sustainability in agriculture which has become the concern of the global market, many producers are competing to improve their products from year to year. On the one hand, the benefits of sustainable agriculture can also be seen from consumer interest, starting with an increasing preference for environmentally friendly products and services. On the other hand, the enthusiasm of several parties in establishing relationships with other companies that have implemented sustainable agriculture programs is an effective and good way in agriculture.
Geoportal platform design for agricultural development of small island based on geosmart system
Authors: Baja Sumbangan , Arif Samsu , Nurmiaty  , Surni  , Adzima Ahmad Fauzan , Mawaleda Rahmat
Published: December 2022

Sustainable management of agricultural resources aims to achieve global food security and the greater interest in achieving several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as proposed by the United Nations, particularly the goals without poverty, without hunger, and terrestrial ecosystems. One method that can be done to facilitate policy-making in achieving these goals is to build a web-based food security information system on the basis of a geosmart system. The purpose of this study is to develop a user-friendly information system that provides thematic databases obtained from various sources, particularly remote sensing data, GIS, GPS, and field surveys, with metadata information that has a coordinate system. The development of this system is expected to provide various thematic services on land and land resource information to facilitate visualization, access, and information services in the study area. This study was conducted on a small island of Kaledupa island, in Wakatobi Regency. In addition to biophysical information, it is expected that this system can also provide information services on socio-economic conditions, agricultural commodities, production, agroecology, soil, and crop suitability. The data presented on the website is currently in the form of a thematic map, a plan map in the form of a map of the island’s spatial pattern, and documentation of sampling data. The long-term target of developing this information system is expected to facilitate users and policy makers in Wakatobi Regency in managing land resources, assessing land degradation, and user-friendly agricultural planning in Wakatobi Regency.
The effect of encapsulated liquid smoke at drinking water to percentage of weight life, carcass, organ and chemical component of broiler meat
Authors: Aulyani T L , Andy  , Azhar M , Faradila S , Sara U
Published: December 2022

The aims of this study was to determine the effect of addition encapsulated liquid smoke in drinking water to relative of weight life, carcass, organ and chemical component of broiler meat. Broilers were grown to 30 days of age on ad libitum diets and addition of liquid smoke encapsulated in drinking water were given in 14th day every 3 days ad libitum. One hundred Day Old Chicks (DOC) were randomly assigned into 5 treatments and 4 replications, each replicate consisted of 5 birds. The treatments started at 14th day, consist of P0 = control, P1= commercial antibiotic (acidal™) and liquid smoke encapsulated (P2 = 0.5 %, P3=1.0%, P4=1.5%). The result showed that addition of encapsulated liquid smoke to drinking water had significant effect (P<0.05) on broiler life weight, and carcass weight. Meanwhile, there was no significant effect (P>0.05) on percentage of carcass, liver, heart and gizzard. The result of broiler fat meat show at 0.5-1.0 % level addition of liquid smoked encapsulated have same effect as commercial antibiotic, meanwhile the addition of liquid smoked encapsulated have no effect to pH and cholesterol of broiler meat.
The energy and fat digestibility of finisher phase broiler with different feeding frequency
Authors: Faradila S. , Nuraeni  , Aulyani T. L , Azhar M. , Sara U.
Published: December 2022

This study aims to determine the digestibility of energy and fat in finisher phase broiler with different feeding frequency. The study method was arranged based on a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 4 replications where each replication consisted of 5 broilers. The treatments applied were the frequency of feeding one time (at 17.00 PM), two times (at 07.00 AM dan 19:00 PM), three times (at 07.00 AM, 15.00 PM, 23.00 PM), and four times (at 05.00 AM, 11.00 AM, 17.00 PM, 23.00 PM). The parameters observed were energy and fat digestibility. The results showed that energy and fat digestibility had no significant effect (P>0.05) on different feeding frequencies. The conclusion of this study is feeding once (P0) is more efficient to implement.
Percentage of internal organs of broiler chickens given Vernonia amygdalina flour feed additives
Authors: Badaruddin Rusli , Auza Fuji Astuty , Syamsuddin  , Nafiu La Ode , Saili Takdir , Pagala Muhammad Amrullah , Munadi La Ode Muh.
Published: December 2022

Feed is the most important thing in supporting various livestock businesses, including broiler chickens. The use of natural ingredients as animal feed additives is an effort to increase livestock production. This study aimed to analyze the carcass of broiler chickens fed with Vernonia amygdalina flour at different levels using 100 DOC strain SR 202 with 20 experimental units reared for 5 weeks using a completely randomized design with 4 treatments with 4 replications consisting of 5 chickens. Each replicate containing broiler chickens was fed with CAB broiler concentrate, milled corn, bran, and Vernonia amygdalina flour and then mixed with the treatment feed. The results of the study average percentage of broiler heart weight ranged from 0.58% to 0.66%, liver weight 3.40% to 3.85%, and gizzard weight 2.44% to 2.64%.
Sustainable horticultural products in Indonesian traditional retail market
Authors: Harianto  , Herawati  , Harmini
Published: December 2022

Red chili, cayenne pepper, shallot, and garlic are horticultural products that are very important for the essential ingredients of various cuisines in Indonesia. Although household expenditure on those products is relatively small compared to total food expenditure, the government pays great attention to its price movements. This study aims to analyze price behaviour at the retailer level in traditional markets. The data used in the study are obtained from the National Strategic Food Price Information Center (PIHPSN) of the Central Bank of Indonesia, the daily price data for horticultural products at the wholesale and retail market levels. The regression model built in this study was estimated using the 3SLS method. The results showed that horticultural product retailers in traditional markets tried to stabilize prices. However, the results cannot conclusively conclude the existence of averaging price practices. This research also showed a spill over effect of rice’s retail price on the price of horticultural products in traditional markets. This study’s results are expected to help formulate government policies to stabilize food prices at the consumer level.
Portrait of welfare of mountain communities applying traditional agroforestry model in Ajaobaki Village District of South Central Timor
Authors: Dako Fransiskus Xaverius , Ranta Fabianus , Ora Yudhistira A.N.R , Adrin  , Kleruk Flora Evalina Ina , Wardhana Laurentius DW , Benu Yakub , Luan Abraham Manek
Published: December 2022

Mountain communities in Mutis commonly work as farmers, and farm is used as physical capital to provide all life necessities such as food, housing, clothing, and services. Fulfillment of their life necessities depends heavily on income generated from agriculture, farming, forestry, animal husbandry, and other small business products. This research aims to understand the level of welfare of mountain communities applying the traditional agroforestry model in Ajaobaki Village, District of South-Central Timor. The study was conducted from May to July 2021, with the number of respondents being 41 households. The method used in this research was survey methods with descriptive analysis. Community welfare is measured through respondents’ expenditures for one year (2020) to meet the needs of food, housing, and clothing compared to expenditures to meet the needs/consumption of services such as education, health, electronic goods, recreation, and so on. The result of the research showed that the value of consumption of the basic necessities per year to meet comunities’ needs for food was IDR 9,352,902.439 on average, the board was IDR 1,696,341.463 on average, and clothing was IDR 783,902.439 on average. Meanwhile the average expenditure for service consumption per year was IDR 9,916,439.024. Analysis of the level of community welfare through the analysis of the good services ratio (GSR) in Ajaobaki Village showed that the percentage of people who are not prosperous are 56.11%, prosperous 29.26%, and more prosperous 14.63%. The people who are not or less prosperous generally prioritize primary needs such as food, housing, and clothing rather than consumption of service values, while prosperous people are oriented towards the value of consumption of services (services) in the form of education, health, communication, social, and so on.
The potential of chicken in supporting poultry: A case in South Konawe Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Sani La Ode Arsad , Abadi Musram , Kurniawan Widhi , Murdifin  , Munadi La Ode Muh
Published: December 2022

This study examines and evaluates the financial feasibility of laying hens at the Bina Mandiri company in South Konawe Regency with the aim of the study being to measure the potential of eggs to support the availability of protein from livestock. Research respondents are business owners and employees using direct interviews with the help of a questionnaire. Research variables include investment costs, fixed costs, variable costs, and revenues and are analyzed using income analysis (Pq) Net Present Value (NPV), Net Benefit-Cost Ratio (Net B/C Ratio), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Break Event Points (BEP). The results of the analysis show that the laying hens business of UD. Bina Mandiri is feasible to be developed, with positive NPV calculation results at a discount factor of 12%, which is IDR. 457,451,699 for 10 years, Net B/C Ratio is 1.47 (>1), IRR is 25.43% (>12%), and BEP is based on products as many as 24.548 shelves and based on sales of IDR. 23.989.
Optimizing nutrition knowledge improvement at the RI/PNG borders through local food diversification program
Authors: Sumarsono A , Wayangkau I H , Wati I D P
Published: December 2022

The creation of equitable development in all of Indonesia is not only the construction of infrastructure in every corner of the country. The most important thing from government policies that are comprehensive in nature is more emphasized on the equal distribution of people’s welfare. Through the knowledge of qualified citizens, it can improve welfare to make a lifestyle and subsequently create an awareness of self-sufficient and sustainable needs. The problem focused on this research is the low level of knowledge of the people, especially at the RI / PNG border on nutrition and how to make it sufficient by relying on natural products. This research method is a quasi-experimental. Data collection was carried out before and after treatment in the form of three steps of community empowerment, through training, implementation and mentoring. Residents who live in the Border in Sota District, Merauke Regency, Papua are given theoretical material and also practice in processing local food by means of diversification. The results obtained are a change in the increase in knowledge about citizen nutrition, especially those living in the RI / PNG border area by maximizing local food processing. Based on the average analysis of the Gain 0.5 results which are in the medium category. Through diversification of local food can be maximized in processing and meeting the nutritional needs of citizens. Optimal success through this activity can provide a positive aspect for progress in managing fair and prosperous development for all the Indonesian people, especially citizens in the RI / PNG border area in accordance with the five precepts of the Pancasila.
Farmer’s perception of the performance of a field agricultural extension agent during Covid-19 pandemic in Jember Regency
Authors: Prasetya E S T , Aji J M M , Subekti S
Published: December 2022

The Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia has an impact to agriculture and extension activities. Agricultural extension activities during the Covid-19 pandemic were carried out used online media such as Whatsapp Groups, Youtube and radio, whereas extension activities involving many people were temporarily removed. Agricultural extension agents are agents of change related with farmers. So that, it is important for farmers to evaluate the performance of agricultural extension workers during the Covid-19 pandemic, so that the benefits of extension activities can feel by all farmers. The purpose of this study was to analyze the perceptions and factors that influence farmers’ perceptions to the performance of Field Agricultural Extension during the Covid-19 pandemic in Jember Regency. This research is located in Jember Regency and was conducted from July 2021 to December 2021. The sampling technique was cluster random sampling with a total of 200 respondents. The data collected in this study were analyzed by statistical descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression model analysis. The results show that farmers’ perceptions of the performance of agricultural extension workers during the Covid-19 pandemic are very satisfied. The factors that influence the perception of farmers are the frequency of extension, the level of farmer’s participation, and farmer’s knowledge. Meanwhile farmer’s experience, farmer’s group class, and land tenure had no effect on farmers’ perceptions of the extension workers’ performance.