bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Brain perfusion in dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer’s disease: an arterial spin labeling MRI study on prodromal and mild dementia stages
Authors: Roquet Daniel , Sourty Marion , Botzung Anne , Armspach Jean-Paul , Blanc Frédéric
Published: July 2016

Background

We aimed to describe specific changes in brain perfusion in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) at both the prodromal (also called mild cognitive impairment) and mild dementia stages, relative to patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and controls.

Methods

Altogether, 96 participants in five groups (prodromal DLB, prodromal AD, DLB with mild dementia, AD with mild dementia, and healthy elderly controls) took part in an arterial spin labeling MRI study. Three analyses were performed: a global perfusion value comparison, a voxel-wise analysis of both absolute and relative perfusion, and a linear discriminant analysis. These were used to assess the global decrease in perfusion, regional changes, and the sensitivity and specificity of these changes.

Results

Patterns of perfusion in DLB differed from AD and controls in both the prodromal stage and dementia, DLB having more deficits in frontal, insular, and temporal cortices whereas AD showed reduced perfusion in parietal and parietotemporal cortices. Decreases but also increases of perfusion in DLB relative to controls were observed in both absolute and relative measurements. All these regional changes of perfusion classified DLB patients with respect to either healthy controls or AD with sensitivity from 87 to 100 % and specificity from 90 to 96 % depending on the stage of the disease.

Conclusions

Our results are consistent with previous studies. We extend the scope of those studies by integrating prodromal DLB patients and by describing both hypo- and hyperperfusion in DLB. While decreases in perfusion may relate to functional impairments, increases might suggest a functional compensation of some brain areas.
Letter to the Editor
Authors: Bhimasankaram V. L. S.
Published: July 2016

Dear Dr. Stolt:

During the 11th Annual Convention and Seminar on Exploration Geophysics of the Association of Exploration Geophysicists held at Bhubaneswar (India), November 22-24, 1985, a few speakers who presented papers dealing with the magnetotelluric prospecting method time and again referred to the method as the “MT” method. For some in the audience, especially non-geophysicists, the word seemed odd since it sounded like “empty.”
Gq Protein-Coupled Membrane-Initiated Estrogen Signaling Rapidly Excites Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus in Female Mice
Authors: Hu Pu , Liu Ji , Yasrebi Ali , Gotthardt Juliet D. , Bello Nicholas T. , Pang Zhiping P. , Roepke Troy A.
Published: July 2016

CRH neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) play a central role in regulating the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and are directly influenced by 17β-estradiol (E2). Although compelling evidence has suggested the existence of membrane-associated estrogen receptors (mERs) in hypothalamic and other central nervous system neurons, it remains unknown whether E2 impacts CRH neuronal excitability through this mechanism. The purpose of the current study is to examine the existence and function of mER signaling in PVN CRH neurons. Whole-cell recordings were made from CRH neurons identified by Alexa Fluor 594 labeling and post hoc immunostaining in ovariectomized female mice. E2 (100nM) rapidly suppressed the M-current (a voltage-dependent K+ current) and potentiated glutamatergic excitatory postsynaptic currents. The putative Gq-coupled mER (Gq-mER) characterized in hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin neurons initiates a phospholipase C-protein kinase C-protein kinase A pathway; therefore, we examined the involvement of this pathway using selective inhibitors. Indeed, the ER antagonist ICI 182780 and inhibitors of Gq-phospholipase C-protein kinase C-protein kinase A blocked E2's actions, suggesting dependence on the Gq-mER. Furthermore, STX, a selective ligand for the Gq-mER, mimicked E2's actions. Finally, to examine the in vivo effect of Gq-mER activation, E2 or STX injection increased c-fos expression in CRH neurons in the PVN, suggesting CRH neuronal activation. This corresponded to an increase in plasma corticosterone. We conclude that the Gq-mER plays a critical role in the rapid regulation of CRH neuronal activity and the HPA axis. Our findings provide a potential underlying mechanism for E2's involvement in the pathophysiology of HPA-associated mood disorders.
O direito penal do inimigo como quebra do Estado de Direito: a normalização do Estado de Exceção
Authors: Callegari André Luís , Linhares Raul Marques
Published: July 2016

O Estado de Direito é considerado como uma barreira não só formal, mas também material do exercício do poder do estado, como verdadeira proteção aos direitos e garantias dos cidadãos. Em relação ao Direito Penal, essa barreira se faz ainda mais importante, considerando-se o perigo dos excessos na aplicação do poder punitivo do Estado. Contudo, algumas propostas doutrinárias se colocam em possível contradição com a lógica da criação de barreiras ao exercício do poder do Estado de Direito, o que acontece com o Direito Penal do inimigo. Por isso, o presente trabalho pretende desenvolver os postulados básicos do Estado de Direito, contrapondo-o ao Estado de exceção, concluindo pela incompatibilidade do Direito Penal do inimigo com esse modelo de Estado. Para tanto, utilizar-se-á de pesquisa bibliográfica para desenvolvimento de cada tema a ser problematizado. Ao final, é possível concluir pela caracterização do Direito Penal do inimigo como um Direito de exceção, incompatível com o modelo de Estado de Direito.
Acceptance of animal research in our science community
Authors: Bergmeister Konstantin , Podesser Bruno
Published: July 2016

Animal research is debated highly controversial, as evident by the “Stop Vivi-section” initiative in 2015. Despite widespread protest to the initiative by researchers, no data is available on the European medical research community’s opinion towards animal research. In this single-center study, we investigated this question in a survey of students and staff members at the Medical University of Vienna. A total of 906 participants responded to the survey, of which 82.8% rated the relevance of animal research high and 62% would not accept a treatment without prior animals testing. Overall, animal research was considered important, but its communication to the public considered requiring improvement.
LEGAL AND LOGIC PROBLEMS IN INTERPRETATION OF LEGISLATION
Authors: Романов Александр , Romanov Alyeksandr
Published: July 2016

Legislation promulgated by the State has not only textual but also legal nature. Any text, including such as legislation one, needs to be interpreted, but legislation text needs to be not only read but competently comprehended in the legal context. In practice interpretation problem solving becomes complicated by a number of problems and circumstances. Among them besides a range of problems connected with juridical techniques special place is taken by legal and logical problems. Interpretation of legal acts requires special training, skills and know-how. Not all legal

problems of interpretation still become subject of theoretical study. Legal problems are concerned with exegesis and hermeneutics of interpretation, logical problems means isomorphism and antinomy of denotation relations.
THE COLLECTIVE RIGHTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF LIBERAL MULTICULTURAL SOCIETIES AND THEIR LEGAL NATURE
Authors: Молчанов Борис , Molchanov Boris , Стародубцев Григорий , Starodubtsyev Grigoriy , Иванова Жанна , Ivanova Zhanna
Published: July 2016

In article individual human rights on cultural identity, political representation or on participation in the collective or group rights in the sphere of human rights in the liberal states are analyzed. Especially international law gives the collective rights for physical existence, protection against economic and cultural destruction and originality preservation ethnic, religious and language minorities. In detail also the legislation of a number of the states on a combination of the collective and individual rights of the small people for protection of their primordial habitat, a traditional way of life, customs, managing and crafts is in details analysed.
Contract Structure for Joint Production: Risk and Ambiguity Under Compensatory Damages
Authors: Ryall Michael D. , Sampson Rachelle C.
Published: July 2016

We develop a model in which the parties to a joint production project have a choice of specifying contractual performance in terms of actions or deliverables. Penalties for noncompliance are not specified; rather, they are left to the courts under the legal doctrine of compensatory damages. We analyze three scenarios of increasing uncertainty: full information, where implications of partner actions are known; risk, where implications can be probabilistically quantified; and ambiguity, where implications cannot be so quantified. Under full information, action requirements dominate: they always induce the maximum economic value. This dominance vanishes in the risk scenario. Under ambiguity, deliverables specifications can interact with compensatory damages to create a form of “ambiguity insurance,” where ambiguity aversion is assuaged in a way that increases the aggregate, perceived value of the project. This effect does not arise under contracts specifying action requirements. Thus, deliverables contracts may facilitate highly novel joint projects that would otherwise be foregone as a result of excessive uncertainty. Suggested empirical implications include the choice of contract clause type depending on the level of uncertainty in a joint development project, one application being the level of partner experience with interfirm collaborations.

This paper was accepted by Bruno Cassiman, business strategy.
Measuring Multichannel Advertising Response
Authors: Zantedeschi Daniel , Feit Eleanor McDonnell , Bradlow Eric T.
Published: July 2016

Advances in data collection have made it increasingly easy to collect information on advertising exposures. However, translating this seemingly rich data into measures of advertising response has proven difficult, largely because of concerns that advertisers target customers with a higher propensity to buy or increase advertising during periods of peak demand. We show how this problem can be addressed by studying a setting where a firm randomly held out customers from each campaign, creating a sequence of randomized field experiments that mitigates (many) potential endogeneity problems. Exploratory analysis of individual holdout experiments shows positive effects for both email and catalog; however, the estimated effect for any individual campaign is imprecise, because of the small size of the holdout. To pool data across campaigns, we develop a hierarchical Bayesian model for advertising response that allows us to account for individual differences in purchase propensity and marketing response. Building on the traditional ad-stock framework, we are able to estimate separate decay rates for each advertising medium, allowing us to predict channel-specific short- and long-term effects of advertising and use these predictions to inform marketing strategy. We find that catalogs have substantially longer-lasting impact on customer purchase than emails. We show how the model can be used to score and target individual customers based on their advertising responsiveness, and we find that targeting the most responsive customers increases the predicted returns on advertising by approximately 70% versus traditional recency, frequency, and monetary value–based targeting.

This paper was accepted by Pradeep Chintagunta, marketing.
Sourcing Under Supplier Responsibility Risk: The Effects of Certification, Audit, and Contingency Payment
Authors: Chen Li , Lee Hau L.
Published: July 2016

Companies that source from emerging economies often face supplier responsibility risks, namely, financial and reputational burdens that the companies have to bear when their suppliers’ engagement in noncomplying labor and environmental practices becomes public. To mitigate such risks, companies can invest in screening mechanisms and design incentive schemes in sourcing contracts. Common mitigation instruments include supplier certification, process audits, and contingency payments. The interactions of these instruments are often not well understood. We first note that the effectiveness of any mitigation instrument depends on how it changes the economic trade-offs faced by a supplier in compliance to social and environmental standard, and hence we develop a model that explicitly captures such trade-offs. As a result, our model endogenizes the supplier’s noncompliance probability and connects it with various factors, including the supplier’s intrinsic ethical level that is unobservable to the buyer. We then study the buyer’s optimal contracting problem under different mitigation instruments. We find that although the process audit and contingency payment instruments can directly lower supplier responsibility risk, they, acting alone, are not as effective as the supplier certification instrument in screening suppliers with different ethical levels. Nevertheless, these instruments are all complementary to each other; when used jointly, they make supplier screening more effective and result in lower sourcing cost. These findings provide explanations for some of the observed practices used in industry to mitigate supplier responsibility risks.

This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
Behavior-Based Pricing in Vertically Differentiated Industries
Authors: Rhee Ki-Eun , Thomadsen Raphael
Published: July 2016

We study behavior-based pricing (BBP) in a vertically differentiated model. Vertical differentiation is innately asymmetric because all customers prefer the higher-quality product when prices are equal. This asymmetry causes BBP to have different properties than symmetric horizontally differentiated models. We highlight two dimensions that affect the analysis: the role of quality-adjusted cost differences between the firms and the role of consumer discounting relative to firm discounting. In the second period, consistent with the prior literature, we find that there are conditions based on market shares and quality-adjusted costs under which either the low-quality firm or the high-quality firm—but not both—will reward its current customers with lower prices than it charges to new customers. We then consider whether these conditions can arise in a two-period equilibrium. We find that if consumers sufficiently discount the future periods, then firms at enough of a competitive disadvantage will reward their customers: i.e., the low-quality firm will reward its current customers if the quality-adjusted cost differential between the two firms is small, while the high-quality firm will reward its current customers if this cost differential is large. Conversely, we find that if consumers do not discount the future very much, then the firm at a competitive disadvantage (i.e., a low-quality firm competing against a low-cost high-quality firm, or a high-quality firm that has very high costs) can earn greater profits with BBP than without BBP, although there are cases where both firms may benefit from BBP.

This paper was accepted by J. Miguel Villas-Boas, marketing.
UK Lyme disease: treatment and prevention
Authors: Wright Ian
Published: July 2016

Lyme disease, caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, remains the primary tick-borne pathogen affecting dogs and people in the UK. Confirmed human cases are increasing year by year, while dogs have been found to be carrying ticks infected with B. burgdorferi. The increasing risk of this disease in both dogs and owners makes prevention of exposure to B. burgdorferi vital for pets and people whose lifestyle puts them at particular risk of infection. This article reviews the treatment of Lyme disease and its prevention, including practical disease prevention and the role of the veterinary professional in giving accurate disease control advice.
Fanconi-like syndrome associated with jerky treats
Authors: Kent Andrew
Published: July 2016

Acquired Fanconi-like syndrome associated with dogs eating jerky treats is an international problem that has been recognised in the last few years, with a cluster of cases in the UK in early 2016.
Chicken nutrition
Authors: Davies Gaynor
Published: July 2016

The growing popularity of hen keeping has resulted in an ever growing hen feed industry. The days of backyard hens living off a handful of grain or kitchen scraps have long gone and the responsible chicken keeper is now faced with a bewildering array of different feeds and often no idea which to choose.
Ischaemia and reperfusion injury: when cells almost die
Authors: Newfield Amy Breton
Published: July 2016

Ischaemia/reperfusion injury is a syndrome in which the body or part of the body suffers a decrease in oxygen delivery. As a result, ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury occurs and is a complex cascade of events resulting in devastating effects to the body, sometimes including death.
How to run a successful nurse clinic
Authors: Wiggins Holly
Published: July 2016

The veterinary market in today's world is forever evolving, putting more pressure on the veterinary team and practice. Clients are expecting more and more from the veterinary team in terms of diagnosis and treatment, meaning performing, running and delivering test results the same day. The veterinary nurse's role is becoming more diverse as treatments become more sophisticated, while still complementing the everyday workings of the veterinary practice. The fundamental principle of running a successful nursing clinic is to nurture the client–practice relationship, provide education, and generate profit. The use of the adapted Cambridge-Calgary model can also assist veterinary nurses in the running of successful nursing clinics.
Medium-term durability of giant hiatus hernia repair without mesh
Authors: Furtado RV , Vivian SJ , van der Wall H , Falk GL
Published: July 2016

Introduction

This is the second report on objective review of 100 patients who underwent composite fundoplication-cardiopexy for repair of giant hiatus hernia (GHH) at a median of 24 months following surgery. Outcomes were objective follow-up by endoscopy and quality of life (QoL) by Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI), modified Visick scores and dysphagia scores. The initial report for this cohort suggested a low objective recurrence rate (9%) and substantial improvements in QoL indices.

Methods

The rate of hernia recurrence was assessed with Kaplan–Meier analysis and covariates were analysed with the Cox proportional hazards model. Paired t-tests and related samples Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to compare QoL scores. Unpaired data were compared with the independent samples t-test and Mann–Whitney U test.

Results

Objective review was obtained in 97% of the patients. There were five recurrences of hernias that had a vertical height of >2cm from the diaphragmatic hiatus, with three patients requiring reoperation for severe dysphagia. Small recurrences (<2cm) occurred in 20 patients. The median time to recurrence was 40 months (95% confidence interval: 34–46 months). At two years, recurrence of any size had occurred in 24% of cases. At follow-up review (median: 27 months), the mean GIQLI score was 109 (p=0.279), the median modified Visick score was 2 (p=0.954) and the median dysphagia score was 41 (p=0.623). There was no evidence that the GIQLI score (p=0.089), the modified Visick score (p=0.339) or the dysphagia score (p=0.445) changed significantly after recurrence.

Conclusions

There was a sustained improvement in overall QoL and reflux scores after GHH repair. QoL scores showed persistent improvement in reflux and overall health, even in the subgroup with recurrence. The majority (80%) of recurrences were small and recurrent herniation did not appear to significantly change QoL. The rates of recurrence and QoL are comparable with those for other methods of repair.
Exhibition Review
Authors: Arden Holly
Published: July 2016

Marina Abramović: In Residence, Kaldor Public art Project, No. 30, 24 June–5 July 2015, Pier 2/3 Walsh bay, Sydney, Australia
Open Source Paradigm: A Synopsis of The Cathedral and the Bazaar for Health and Social Care
Authors: Benson Tim
Published: July 2016

Background: Open source software (OSS) is becoming more fashionable in health and social care, although the ideas are not new. However progress has been slower than many had expected.Objective: The purpose is to summarise the Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) paradigm in terms of what it is, how it impacts users and software engineers and how it can work as a business model in health and social care sectors.Method: Much of this paper is a synopsis of Eric Raymond’s seminal book The Cathedral and the Bazaar, which was the first comprehensive description of the open source ecosystem, set out in three long essays. Direct quotes from the book are used liberally, without reference to specific passages. The first part contrasts open and closed source approaches to software development and support. The second part describes the culture and practices of the open source movement. The third part considers business models.Conclusion: A key benefit of open source is that users can access and collaborate on improving the software if they wish. Closed source code may be regarded as a strategic business risk that that may be unacceptable if there is an open source alternative. The sharing culture of the open source movement fits well with that of health and social care.
Endodontic treatment of maxillary lateral incisor with internal root resorption using a hybrid instrumentation technique - case report
Authors: De Araújo Francisco Roosivelt Assis , De Carvalho Fredson Marcio Acris , Marques André Augusto Franco , Sponchiado Júnior Emílio Carlos , Garcia Lucas da Fonseca Roberti
Published: July 2016

Several factors influence the cleaning and shaping capacity of instrumentation techniques, such as internal resorption areas. Internal root resorption contributes to failure of endodontic treatment, since debris may remain attached to dentine walls, and the instruments are not able to completely remove them. This paper reports a clinical case of endodontic treatment of a tooth with internal root resorption using a hybrid instrumentation technique. After clinical and radiographic examinations, pulp necrosis with periapical lesion, and the presence of an internal root resorption were diagnosed. Biomechanical preparation began with glide path creation with sizes 15 and 20 K-type files. Apical third instrumentation was performed with rotary ProFile files #25.04 up to #35.04, followed by root canal filling. The case was followed-up for twelve months. Progressive bone repair was observed radiographically. Despite the presence of internal root resorption, the results achieved with the hybrid technique suggest effectiveness in this clinical case solution.Keywords: Dental Pulp Cavity; Endodontics; Root canal therapy.
Brazilian oral pathology: a retrospective survey of 245 cases from a Surgical Pathology Hospital Laboratory
Authors: Nascimento Juliana Souza , Takahama Jr Ademar , Pires Fábio Ramôa , Barros Eleni Maria Viana de Brandão , Azevedo Rebeca Souza
Published: July 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the range of oral histopathological diagnoses in a Brazilian survey obtained from a surgical pathology hospital laboratory. Material and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed, and all histological slides from the oral and maxillofacial region during a 14-year period were reviewed. The materials were grouped into five major diagnostic categories, and age and sex were specified. Results: A total of 769 samples were collected and submitted for histopathological analysis. There were 245 oral cases, which were divided into 48 different diagnoses. There was no sex predilection, and the mean age was about 44 years old. Proliferative non-neoplastic lesions (43.2%) and malignant neoplasms (26.5%) comprised the main two groups of diagnoses. Conclusion: The malignant prevalence observed in this Brazilian sample may be due to the nature of the population or, most probably, to the nature of the source, a referral hospital center in the city.
Psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics among sudanese high school students.
Authors: Abualela Mustafa , Abuaffan Amal Hussein
Published: July 2016

Objective: Dental aesthetics   essential part of facial attractiveness,  plays a vital role in the social as well as the psychological well being of individuals. This study aimed  to assess the level of dental aesthetics by the self-rated Aesthetic Component (AC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) and the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics using the ‘Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire’ (PIDAQ). Material Methods: A total of 192 high school students (13-16 years old), genders equally participated in the study and completed a modified version of the ‘Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire’ (PIDAQ). Dental aesthetics were assessed by the IOTN Aesthetic Component (self-rated IOTN-AC). The data was processed and analyzed using computer software program “SPSS” (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 17. T-test has been used, P-value of less than 0.05 was considered as significance. Results: All the variables of the PIDAQ showed a significant difference with the groups of the IOTN-AC (P-value < 0.05). Inter-gender significant difference was found among the students. Conclusion: Self-perceived dental aesthetics has a strong influence on the psychological as well as the social wellbeing of individuals. Therefore self-perception of dental aesthetics maybe an important key in deciding the orthodontic treatment need.Keywords: Dental aesthetics; Psychosocial impact; Malocclusion; IOTN; Students.
Impact of malocclusion on oral health-related quality of life in Brazilian children with cleft lip and palate.
Authors: Falzoni Maiara Miyuki Matsui , Jorge Paula Karine , Vitor Luciana Lourenço Ribeiro , Carrara Cleide Felicio Carvalho , Soares Simone , Almeida Ana Lucia Pompeia Fraga , Bastos Roosevelt Silva , Machado Maria Aparecida Andrade Moreira , Oliveira Thais Marchini
Published: July 2016

Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the impact of malocclusion on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in Brazilian children with non-syndromic oral clefts at tertiary craniofacial center. Material and methods: Sixty-nine children with non-syndromic oral clefts, aged between 8 and 10 years, were selected and divided into groups according to the cleft type: Group 1 – Children with complete unilateral cleft lip and alveolus; Group 2 – Children with unilateral cleft lip and palate; Group 3 – Children with cleft palate. Each child answered the Child Perceptions Questionnaire8-10 (CPQ 8-10) which is a multiple-choice questionnaire, with 29 questions on the impact of oral diseases on the OHRQoL. Then, a visual examination of dental occlusion was carried out. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to determine statistical significant differences among groups (p<0.05). Results: No statistically significant differences were verified for the impact of cleft type (p=0.895) and malocclusion (p=0.528) on OHRQoL of Brazilian children with oral clefts. Conclusion: The malocclusion did not impact on the OHRQoL of 8-10 year-old children with non-syndromic clefts.
Influence of composite resin volume and C-factor on the polymerization shrinkage stress
Authors: Mondelli Rafael Francisco Lia , Velo Marilia Mattar de Amoêdo Campos , Gonçalves Rafael Simões , Tostes Bhenya Ottoni , Ishikiriama Sergio Kiyoshi , Bombonatti Juliana Fraga
Published: July 2016

Objective: Composite polymerization shrinkagestress is an inherent process of chemical and lightcomposite resin activation. Consequently, this fact hasbeen associated to potential clinical problems. Theaim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate thevolume and C-factor influence on chemical and lightcuringcomposite resin polymerization shrinkagestress, using a non-rigid method that thereby provideslower stress values, causing a minimal deflection inload cell. Materials and Methods: The contractionforces of the Z-250 and Concise composite resinsduring polymerization were recorded in an UTM intwo experiments. In the first experiment, the Z-250composite was inserted beetwen two rectangularsteel plates (6.0 x 2.0 mm), varyng the resin volumesand C-factors, in a single increment, polymerized for20 s and the forces generated were recorded for 120s. In the second experiment, a pair of rectangular steelplates (3x2mm) and two square steel plates (2x2mm),with varied heights (2; 3 mm, respectively), wereused to determine the C-factor (0.6; 0.3) influence.Results: The polymerized Z-250 results showed thatthe volume variations, independent of the C-factor,had a direct influence on the shrinkage stress,different from the Concise, which was influenced bythe C-factor. Conclusion: The present study showedthat a higher volume of composite resins determinesan increase in the shrinkage stress of light-curingcomposites.KeywordsC-factor. Composite resin. Polymerization. Shrinkagestress.
Microtensile bond strength of a universal adhesive to deep dentin
Authors: Gre Cristina , Amaral Caldeira de Andrada MAuro , Monteiro Junior Sylvio
Published: July 2016

Objective: This study evaluated the microtensile bond strength of a universal adhesive system applied to deep dentin under different bonding strategies. Material and Methods: Fifteen human third molars had the coronal portion removed exposing deep dentin and were assigned into 3 groups according to the adhesive system: G1(control): 2-steps totaletch (Adper Single Bond 2, 3M ESPE); G2: 1-step self-etch universal adhesive (Scotchbond Universal, 3M ESPE); G3:2 steps total-etch universal adhesive (Scotchbond Universal, 3M ESPE). Composite buildups were performed on the dentin surfaces and after water storage for 24 h, teeth were sectioned to obtain 40 bonded beams per group with sectional area of 0.9 mm2 . The specimens were submitted to the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) test until failure. Statistical analyses were computed using one-way ANOVA (p = 0.05). Results: The mean µTBS (in MPa) were G1 = 22.27, G2 = 22.85 and G3 = 20.3. After statistical analysis, no significant differences were observed among the groups. Conclusions: Universal adhesive system performed similarly to the total-etch adhesive and was not affected by the adhesion strategy. KEYWORDS Microtensile; Adhesive system; Dentin.
The Perils of Category Management: The Effect of Product Assortment on Multicategory Purchase Incidence
Authors: Hong Sungtak , Misra Kanishka , Vilcassim Naufel J.
Published: July 2016

Retailers determine the assortment for a mix of product categories in a particular space (e.g., the checkout aisle, endcaps, freezer space). Within such a “target” space, shoppers are exposed to a selection of product categories that are not necessarily correlated in consumption. In this article, the authors examine whether the assortment of one category affects consumers’ purchase incidence decision in another, independent category that shares a common display space (e.g., frozen meals and ice cream). They use a multivariate probit model of purchase incidence and incorporate assortment variety captured by an entropy measure. Results from analyses of IRI data and an online experiment provide strong evidence that consumers are less likely to purchase from a category of a given assortment when it is presented with another category assortment of greater variety and that this effect is driven by the display proximity. Furthermore, results from an eye-tracking study indicate consumers’ allocation of limited attention to category assortments as an explanation for the finding. This work serves as one of the first studies to document the impact of product assortment beyond a focal category, and the results highlight a limitation of individual category management when grocery retailers make product assortment decisions.
Doing Well versus Doing Good: The Differential Effect of Underdog Positioning on Moral and Competent Service Providers
Authors: Kirmani Amna , Hamilton Rebecca W. , Thompson Debora V. , Lantzy Shannon
Published: July 2016

This research examines how consumers make trade-offs between highly competent, less moral service providers and highly moral, less competent service providers. Counter to research on general impression formation, which shows that moral traits dominate competence traits, the authors demonstrate that when choosing between service providers, consumers systematically value competence more than morality. However, underdog positioning moderates this effect. When a moral service provider is positioned as an underdog, consumers feel empathy, thereby attenuating the dominance of competence. Notably, although underdog positioning can help a moral provider overcome a deficit in competence, it does not help a competent service provider overcome a deficit in morality or a warm provider overcome a deficit in competence. Thus, underdog positioning is particularly well suited for less competent service providers who are highly moral.
Generalized Carrier-Based PWM Method for a
12-Switch Converter
Authors: Aganah Kennedy Adinbo , Ojo Olorunfemi
Published: July 2016

This paper proposes a generalized carrier-based
pulse-width modulation (CBPWM) method for a 12-switch
converter feeding three independent loads. The converter
topology is part of the (3N + 3)-switch converter family
where N is the number of outputs (N = 3 for this special
case). Its more famous sibling is the 9-switch converter
which is gaining considerable interest from researchers
because of its reduced-switch count architecture. The
structure and limitations of the converter are elaborated;
its modulation method applicable to both equal and different
frequency (and/or amplitude) operations is formulated.
The generalized neutral voltages for the converter is
derived for the first time and used as the offset voltages required
by this type of topology to decouple its three outputs.
The proposed algorithm is validated by both theoretical
simulations and experimental results.
Game technology to increase range of motion for adolescents with cerebral palsy: a feasibility study
Authors: Hung Jen-Wen , Chang Yao-Jen , Han Wen-Ying
Published: July 2016

Background:

People with cerebral palsy (CP) experience limitations in motor control, strength, and range of motion (ROM). Abnormal movements caused by motor impairments commonly occur in people with CP. Activities of daily living (ADLs) can be seriously affected by insufficient ROM among others. To increase ROM, this study assessed the possibility of training three adolescents with CP using a Kinect-based system in a public school setting.

Methods:

We gamified the movement training by leveraging the Scratch language and the Kinect2Scratch tool that allowed the therapists to perform individual customization with less technical support. This experiment was carried out according to an ABAB reversal replication design in which A represented the baseline and B represented the intervention phases. Three adolescents in a public special-education school participated in the experiment.

Results:

Data showed that the three participants significantly increased their shoulder ROM and motivation of engaging in rehabilitation as well, thus improving exercise performance during the intervention phases.

Conclusion:

Despite that, the game is a promising and highly accepted training tool for school use, currently, it is still error-prone, and the requested support exceeds the support that can be provided by clinical therapists. A technically more robust system, combined with additional attractive games, likely results in higher patient motivation and better compliance. This would reduce the need for parents to motivate their children extrinsically and allow for clinical trials to investigate the effectiveness of the system.
There is more to biometrics than user identification: Making mobile interactions personal, secure and representative
Authors: Buschek Daniel
Published: July 2016

This essay contributes an extended view on user information inferred by personal devices to motivate applications of
biometrics beyond user identification. We unfold a new design space in two parts: First, we take inspiration
from the shared focus on individuality in both biometrics and Belk's Extended Self (ES

Belk, R. W.,
Possessions and the extended self. Journal of Consumer Research, 15(2), 139–168, 1988; Belk, R. W., Extended
self in a digital world. Journal of Consumer Research, 40(3), 477–500, 2013.

). ES describes that people use (digital)
objects to define and reflect on their identities. Following this, we propose that personal devices can use biometrics to
assess individual user attributes and behaviour for three application areas related to the core aspects of ES: privacy and
security (Having), UI personalisation (Doing), digital self-presentation (Being). Second, we propose to view biometrics as
part of a larger class of Implicit Information. Such information is inferred from interactions and sensors to be
used across these application domains. We discuss implications
and limitations of this view.
States with values in the Łukasiewicz groupoid
Authors: Matoušek Milan , Pták Pavel
Published: July 2016

In this paper we consider certain groupoid-valued measures and their connections with quantum logic states. Let ∗ stand for the Łukasiewicz t-norm on [0, 1]2. Let us consider the operation ⋄ on [0, 1] by setting x ⋄ y = (x
⊥ ∗y
⊥)⊥ ∗ (x∗y)⊥, where x
⊥ = 1−x. Let us call the triple L = ([0, 1], ⋄, 1) the Łukasiewicz groupoid. Let B be a Boolean algebra. Denote by L(B) the set of all L-valued measures (L-valued states). We show as a main result of this paper that the family L(B) consists precisely of the union of classical real states and Z
2-valued states. With the help of this result we characterize the L-valued states on orthomodular posets. Since the orthomodular posets are often understood as “quantum logics” in the logico-algebraic foundation of quantum mechanics, our approach based on a fuzzy-logic notion actually select a special class of quantum states. As a matter of separate interest, we construct an orthomodular poset without any L-valued state.
States on symmetric logics: extensions
Authors: Bikchentaev Airat , Navara Mirko
Published: July 2016

We continue the study ofsymmetric logics, i.e., collections of subsets generalizing Boolean algebras and closed under the symmetric difference. We contribute to several open questions. One of them is whether there is á non-Boolean symmetric logic such that all states on it are Δ-subadditive.
Large rigid sets of algebras with respect to embeddability
Authors: Czédli Gábor , Jakubíková-Studenovská Danica
Published: July 2016

Let τ be a nonempty similarity type of algebras. A set H of τ-algebras is called rigid with respect to embeddability, if whenever A, B ∈ H and φ: A → B is an embedding, then A = B and φ is the identity map. We prove that if τ is a nonempty similarity type and 𝖒 is a cardinal such that no inaccessible cardinal is smaller than or equal to m, then there exists a set H of τ-algebras such that H is rigid with respect to embeddability and |H| = 𝖒. This result strengthens a result proved by the second author in 1980.
Extension of measures on pseudo-D-lattices
Authors: Avallone Anna , De Simone Anna , Vitolo Paolo
Published: July 2016

We prove a Carathéodory type extension theorem for σ-additive exhaustive modular measures on σ-continuous pseudo-D-lattices.
Compatibility for probabilistic theories
Authors: Gudder Stan
Published: July 2016

We define an index of compatibility for a probabilistic theory (PT). Quantum mechanics with index 0 and classical probability theory with index 1 are at the two extremes. In this way, quantum mechanics is at least as incompatible as any PT. We consider a PT called a concrete quantum logic that may have compatibility index strictly between 0 and 1, but we have not been able to show this yet. Finally, we show that observables in a PT can be represented by positive, vector-valued measures.
Effect of ethanol and plant growth regulators on termination of potato microtuber dormancy
Authors: Wróbel Sławomir , Kęsy Jacek , Treder Krzysztof
Published: July 2016

The duration of dormancy varies significantly among cultivars, but even short dormancy can limit usage of potato microtubers for seed production. The aim of the research was to test efficacy of dormancy breaking by treatment with an aqueous solution of ethyl alcohol, saccharose, gibberellic acid and kinetin (ethanol treatment) in comparison to treatment with aqueous solution of thiourea, daminozide and gibberellic acid (standard treatment). Prolonging the period of microtuber production at the in vitro stage significantly favored the short-ening of the dormancy and facilitated its breaking. While the standard treatment had the strongest effect, the ethanol treatment was slightly less efficient. The statistically significant differences were only observed during the first 13 days after the microtuber treatment. After that time, efficacy of ethanol and standard treatments was similar to control treatment with water. The investigated treatments had no effect on the natural decrease of ABA level in microtubers.
Optimization of micropropagation by different concentration of vitamins and sucrose in St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum)
Authors: Khakpour Sahar , Motallebi-Azar Alireza , Hosseini Bahman , Alizadeh-Salte Saeede , Hasani Abbas
Published: July 2016

In order to approach optimal micropropagation of Hypericum perforatum, it will be necessary to optimize shoot proliferation stage in in vitro culture. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different concentrations of B group vitamins; Thiamine HCl, Pyridoxine HCl, Nicotinic acid (control and 100 fold of MS) and Sucrose (30 and 40 g.l−1) on shoot proliferation. For this purpose, Stems with one node were taken from in vitro shoots and cultured on MS medium. All cultures kept at 16h light/8h photoperiod and 25 ±2 °C in growth chamber. Results showed that the highest number of shoots and leaves were achieved when explants cultured in media containing 40 g.l−1 sucrose with 100 fold of MS vitamins. The highest shoots and leaf length were obtained with medium supplemented with 30 g.l−1 sucrose. Nicotinic acid concentrations had an important role in length of the leaves. The highest number of nodes achieved in the media containing 40 g.l−1 sucrose with both concentrations of Nicotinic acid. After two month growing plantlets, light (LGN) and dark glands number (DGN) were counted. Maximum number of LGN was observed in the media containing 30 g.l−1 sucrose with 100 fold of Thiamine and Pyridoxine. However, The Highest number of DGN achieved in the media containing 40 g.l−1 sucrose with 100 fold of Thiamine or Pyridoxine. Increasing of sucrose and vitamins concentrations were efficiently improved in vitro proliferation and some morphological attributes without negative side effects. Therefore, use of high levels of sucrose and vitamins were useful on micro-propagation of Hypericum perforatum.
Germination response of grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.) and arugula (Eruca sativa L.) to osmotic and salinity stresses
Authors: Fallahi Hamid-Reza , Fadaeian Golsoom , Gholami Marziyeh , Daneshkhah Omolbanin , Hosseini Fatemeh Sadat , Aghhavani-Shajari Mahsa , Samadzadeh Alireza
Published: July 2016

The use of genetic potential of forgotten plants such as grasspea and arugula is an appropriate strategy for increasing of plants tolerance to environmental stresses. Therefore, in this laboratory study the effects of different levels of osmotic (0, -2, -4, -6, -8, -10, -12 and -14 bar caused by PEG) and salinity (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 and 350 mmol induced by NaCl) stresses were evaluated on germination indices of grasspea and arugula in four separate experiments. Arugula showed a suitable tolerance to osmotic stress, so that its germination percentage and rate at treatment of -10 bar were similar to control. Arugula had 79% germination at osmotic level of -14 bar, but its germination rate at this level was 60% lower than control. In addition, its radicle length until -8 bar and radicle dry weight up to -14 bar were higher than control treatment. However, all levels of salinity stress particularly treatments of more than 100-150 mmol decreased the germination indices of arugula. Germination percentage of arugula in 150 and 200 mmol treatments was 22 and 56% lower than control treatment, respectively. Grasspea had partially suitable tolerance to osmotic stress until -6 bar, but then intensified the reducing trends of its germination indices and finally reached to zero at -14 bar treatment. Moreover, salinity stress especially treatments of higher than 100 mmol decreased all germination indices of grasspea. Overall, arugula was a more tolerant plant especially to osmotic stress; therefore this forgotten plant can be used in agronomic and breeding programs in areas affected by drought stress.
In vitro seed germination and seedling growth of Calanthe discolor Lindl
Authors: Bae Kee Hwa , Oh Kyoung Hee , Kim Soo-Young
Published: July 2016

We investigated the effects of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and culture medium on embryo swelling and germination of Calanthe discolor Lindl., and established a method for determining the swelling and protocorm formation of C. discolor seeds via in vitro examination of immature seeds. Treatment of immature seeds with NaOCl greatly enhanced the extent of embryo swelling and protocorm formation of immature zygote embryos compared to seeds without NaOCl treatment. The effects of the culture media were also evaluated with regard to embryo swelling and protocorm formation of in vitro cultured seeds with and without NaOCl treatment. Additionally, the effects of white fluorescent light and red and blue LED lights on seedling growth in in vitro culture were examined. The most suitable condition for seedling growth after 12 weeks of culture was the red LED light with POM medium. These results show effective asymbiotic germination and growth of C. discolor.
From Fearful to Trustful – How Perceived Risk Dimensions in E-Commerce Differentiate between Consumers
Authors: Bertea Patricea Elena
Published: July 2016

The need to segment the market for e-commerce in terms of risk is without doubt of great importance, from a theoretical, but mainly from a managerial point of view. This is why the present study derives a typology of consumers based on six dimensions of perceived risk in online shopping (product, financial, delivery, privacy, social and psychological) and links the resulting risk profiles to several outcome variables. The study is one of the few that offers a new perspective on perceived risk, identifying a two-factor structure: situational risk and individual risk. These two factors were used in a cluster analysis, where four segments were identified: careful consumers, fearful consumers, suspicious consumers and trustful consumers. To offer valuable information for practitioners, these segments are compared in terms of intentions to buy online, online shopping frequency, trust in e-commerce, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness of e-commerce. One interesting finding is that suspicious and trustful consumers do not differ in terms of buying intention, even though the difference between them in terms of perceived risk is significant. Implications and further research directions are identified.