bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Establishment and Evaluation of Dual HDAC/BET Inhibitors as Therapeutic Options for Germ Cell Tumors and Other Urological Malignancies
Authors: Burmeister Aaron , Stephan Alexa , Alves Avelar Leandro A. , Müller Melanie R. , Seiwert Andrea , Höfmann Stefan , Fischer Fabian , Torres-Gomez Hector , Hoffmann Michèle J. , Niegisch Guenter , Bremmer Felix , Petzsch Patrick , Köhrer Karl , Albers Peter , Kurz Thomas , Skowron Margaretha A. , Nettersheim Daniel
Published: August 2022

Urological malignancies represent major challenges for clinicians, with annually rising incidences. In addition, cisplatin treatment induced long-term toxicities and the development of therapy resistance emphasize the need for novel therapeutics. In this study, we analyzed the effects of novel histone deacetylase (HDAC) and bromodomain and extraterminal domain-containing (BET) inhibitors to combine them into a potent HDAC-BET-fusion molecule and to understand their molecular mode-of-action. Treatment of (cisplatin-resistant) germ cell tumors (GCT), urothelial, renal, and prostate carcinoma cells with the HDAC, BET, and dual inhibitors decreased cell viability, induced apoptosis, and affected the cell cycle. Furthermore, a dual inhibitor considerably decreased tumor burden in GCT xenograft models. On a molecular level, correlating RNA- to ATAC-sequencing data indicated a considerable induction of gene expression, accompanied by site-specific changes of chromatin accessibility after HDAC inhibitor application. Upregulated genes could be linked to intra- and extra-cellular trafficking, cellular organization, and neuronal processes, including neuroendocrine differentiation. Regarding chromatin accessibility on a global level, an equal distribution of active or repressed DNA accessibility has been detected after HDAC inhibitor treatment, questioning the current understanding of HDAC inhibitor function. In summary, our HDAC, BET, and dual inhibitors represent a new treatment alternative for urological malignancies. Furthermore, we shed light on new molecular and epigenetic mechanisms of the tested epi-drugs, allowing for a better understanding of the underlying modes-of-action and risk assessment for the patient.
As políticas culturais no Chile: os percursos particulares entre o governo da Unidade Popular e a patrimonialização da memória pós ditadura militar
Authors: Calarezo Bruna Torres , Cardoso Cinthia de Cássia
Published: August 2022

Este artigo apresenta reflexões acerca das políticas de cultura em dois momentos da história chilena: o governo da Unidade Popular de Salvador Allende e a reabertura democrática após a ditadura militar de Pinochet. Partindo desses processos históricos, é preciso compreender os distintos conceitos de política, cultura e memória adotados durante esses períodos e, também, as instituições museológicas que sintetizam essas expressões - como é o caso do Museu da Solidariedade e o Museu da Memória e dos Direitos Humanos do Chile. O questionamento proposto aqui utiliza-se do debate entre autores das áreas de cultura, patrimônio e memória para exemplificar a expressão da Nova Museologia em torno desses projetos e suas respectivas contribuições e discussões.
Novas fontes históricas, novas agentes históricas: dinâmicas de gênero na comunidade mercantil de Luanda do século XIX
Authors: Gonçalves Raphael dos Santos
Published: August 2022

OLIVEIRA, Vanessa S. Slave trade and abolition: gender, commerce, and economic transition in Luanda. Madison, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press, 2021, 272p.
A muralha e a tempestade: uma análise do Hino Nacional da República Popular da China
Authors: Inada Enzzo Sato
Published: August 2022

“Marcha dos Voluntários” é uma canção de Tian Han e Nie Er, criada para ser trilha sonora do filme “Os Filhos da Tempestade”, de 1935. Contudo, seu impacto sociocultural, bem como sua polissemia interpretativa foram tão relevantes naquele período, que a marcha logo se consagraria como o Hino Nacional da recém criada República Popular da China. Este presente artigo propõe analisar alguns aspectos verbais e musicais do Hino Nacional chinês dentro de seu contexto histórico, para desta forma compreender efetivamente o papel e a importância de “Marcha dos Voluntários” na consolidação de um ainda incipiente nacionalismo chinês do século XX. Procura-se também manter a análise atual, demonstrando como este hino ainda consegue se comunicar com a dita “identidade nacional chinesa” dos tempos presentes; tempos estes tão distintos e distantes daqueles dos compositores que o pensaram.
Use of Percutaneous Atrioseptotosmy for Left Heart Decompression During Veno‐Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support: An Observational Study
Authors: Delmas Clément , Vallee Luigi , Bouisset Frédéric , Porterie Jean , Biendel Caroline , Lairez Olivier , Crognier Laure , Marcheix Bertrand , Conil Jean‐Marie , Maury Philippe , Minville Vincent
Published: August 2022

Background

Left ventricular overload is frequent under veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, which is associated with a worsening of the prognosis of these patients. Several left heart decompression (LHD) techniques exist. However, there is no consensus on their timing and type. We aimed to describe characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing LHD and to compare percutaneous atrioseptostomy (PA) to other LHD techniques.

Methods and Results

Retrospective analysis was conducted of consecutive and prospectively collected patients supported by veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for refractory cardiac arrest or cardiogenic shock between January 2015 and April 2018, with a 90‐day follow‐up in our tertiary center. Patients were divided according to the presence of LHD, and then according to its type (PA versus others). Thirty‐nine percent (n=63) of our patients (n=163) required an LHD. Patients with LHD had lower left ventricular ejection fraction, more ischemic cardiomyopathy, and no drug intoxication‐associated cardiogenic shock. PA was frequently used for LHD (41% of first‐line and 57% of second‐line LHD). PA appears safe and fast to realize (6.3 [interquartile range, 5.8–10] minutes) under fluoroscopic and echocardiographic guidance, with no acute complications. PA was associated with fewer neurological complications (12% versus 38%,
P
=0.02), no need to insert a second LHD (0% versus 19%,
P
=0.04), and higher 90‐day survival compared with other techniques (42% versus 19%, log‐rank test
P
=0.02), despite more sepsis (96% versus 73%,
P
=0.02) and blood transfusions (13.5% versus 7%,
P
=0.01). Multivariate analysis confirms the association between PA and 90‐day survival (hazard ratio, 2.53 [1.18–5.45],
P
=0.019).

Conclusions

LHD was frequently used for patients supported with veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, especially in cases of ischemic cardiomyopathy and low left ventricular ejection fraction. PA seems to be a safe and efficient LHD technique associated with greater mid‐term survival justifying the pursuit of research on this topic.
Association of Systemic Vascular Resistance Analog and Cardiovascular Outcomes: The Heart and Soul Study
Authors: Lu Dai‐Yin , Fang Qizhi , Bibby Dwight , Arora Bhaskar , Schiller Nelson B.
Published: August 2022

Background

Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) is an integral component of the hemodynamic profile. Previous studies have demonstrated a close correlation between an estimated SVR analog (eSVR) based on echocardiographic methods and SVR by direct hemodynamic measurement. However, the prognostic impact of eSVR remains unestablished.

Methods and Results

Study participants with established coronary artery disease from the Heart and Soul Study formed this study cohort. We defined Doppler‐derived eSVR as the ratio of systolic blood pressure to left ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral. Study participants were separated based on baseline eSVR tertile: <5.6, 5.6 to <6.9, and ≧6.9. An elevated eSVR was defined as an eSVR in the third tertile (≧6.9). Follow‐up eSVR was calculated at the fifth year of checkup. Cardiovascular outcomes included heart failure, major cardiovascular events, and all‐cause death. Among the 984 participants (67±11 years old, 82% men), subjects with the highest baseline eSVR tertile were the oldest, with the highest systolic blood pressure and lowest left ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral. A higher eSVR was associated with increased risk of heart failure, major cardiovascular events, and death. The hazard ratio for major cardiovascular events was 1.38 (95% CI, 1.02–1.86,
P
=0.03) for subjects with the highest eSVR tertile compared with the lowest. In addition, those with a persistently elevated eSVR during follow‐up had the most adverse outcomes.

Conclusions

An elevated eSVR, derived by the ratio of systolic blood pressure and left ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral, was more closely correlated with cardiovascular events than systolic blood pressure alone. Repeatedly elevated eSVR was associated with more adverse outcomes.
Gut Microbiota and Coronary Plaque Characteristics
Authors: Nakajima Akihiro , Mitomo Satoru , Yuki Haruhito , Araki Makoto , Seegers Lena Marie , McNulty Iris , Lee Hang , Kuter David , Ishibashi Midori , Kobayashi Kazuna , Dijkstra Jouke , Onishi Hirokazu , Yabushita Hiroto , Matsuoka Satoshi , Kawamoto Hiroyoshi , Watanabe Yusuke , Tanaka Kentaro , Chou Shengpu , Naganuma Toru , Okutsu Masaaki , Tahara Satoko , Kurita Naoyuki , Nakamura Shotaro , Das Suman , Nakamura Sunao , Jang Ik‐Kyung
Published: August 2022

Background

The relationship between gut microbiota and in vivo coronary plaque characteristics has not been reported. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota and coronary plaque characteristics in patients with coronary artery disease.

Methods and Results

Patients who underwent both optical coherence tomography and intravascular ultrasound imaging and provided stool and blood specimens were included. The composition of gut microbiota was evaluated using 16S rRNA sequencing. A total of 55 patients were included. At the genus level, 2 bacteria were associated with the presence of thin‐cap fibroatheroma, and 9 bacteria were associated with smaller fibrous cap thickness. Among them, some bacteria had significant associations with inflammatory/prothrombotic biomarkers.
Dysgonomonas
had a positive correlation with interleukin‐6,
Paraprevotella
had a positive correlation with fibrinogen and negative correlation with high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol,
Succinatimonas
had positive correlations with fibrinogen and homocysteine, and
Bacillus
had positive correlations with fibrinogen and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein. In addition,
Paraprevotella
,
Succinatimonas
, and
Bacillus
were also associated with greater plaque volume. Ten bacteria were associated with larger fibrous cap thickness. Some were associated with protective biomarker changes;
Anaerostipes
had negative correlations with trimethylamine N‐oxide, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin‐6, and
Dielma
had negative correlations with trimethylamine N‐oxide, white blood cells, plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1, and homocysteine, and a positive correlation with high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Conclusions

Bacteria that were associated with vulnerable coronary plaque phenotype and greater plaque burden were identified. These bacteria were also associated with elevated inflammatory or prothrombotic biomarkers.

Registration

URL:
https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/
; Unique identifier: UMIN000041692.
New records of Micropezidae (Diptera, Acalyptratae) from South Korea, with description of a new species of Rainieria Rondani
Authors: KIM WONWOONG , VAN DER WEELE RUUD , LEE SEUNGHWAN
Published: August 2022

The stilt-legged fly (Diptera, Micropezidae) fauna of South Korea is reviewed, including a description of a new species, Rainieria tenebrosa Kim and Lee sp. nov., and 4 new distributional records (Micropezinae: Micropeza soosi Ozerov; Taeniapterinae: Rainieria triseta Li, Liu & Yang, Mimegralla suzukiana (Matsumura); Calobatinae: Compsobata dentigera (Loew)). Detailed information on the biology of the new species is presented. Keys to the Palearctic species of Rainieria and the Korean Micropezidae species are provided.
Diversity, distribution and new records of freshwater and estuarine shrimp in the state of Amapá, eastern Brazilian Amazon region
Authors: VIEIRA INACIA MARIA , SILVA LUIZ MAURÍCIO ABDON , DE ALMEIDA ALINI GOMES SANTIAGO , DE ALMEIDA DANILO PELAES , SILVA-JÚNIOR ORLENO MARQUES , TAVARES-DIAS MARCOS
Published: August 2022

This study presents the freshwater and estuarine shrimp species that occur in the state of Amapá, in the eastern region of the Brazilian Amazon. The data were obtained through information contained in the Brazilian crustacean collections of the Institute of Scientific and Technological Research of the State of Amapá (IEPA) and the National Institute for Research in the Amazon (INPA) and the detailed examination of the listed specimens. All information contained in the log book and specimen labels were noted for the identification and mapping of occurrence areas in the region. A survey in the literature of the species previously recorded for Amapá was carried out. The diversity of freshwater and estuarine shrimp was composed of 21 species distributed in the following families: Alpheidae (Alpheus nuttingi), Euryrhynchidae (Euryrhynchus amazoniensis, Euryrhynchus burchelli, Euryrhynchus tomasi and Euryrhynchus wrzesniowskii), Lysmatidae (Exhippolysmata oplophoroides), Palaemonidae (Macrobrachium acanthurus, Macrobrachium amazonicum, Macrobrachium brasiliense, Macrobrachium carcinus, Macrobrachium jelskii, Macrobrachium inpa, Macrobrachium olfersii, Macrobrachium surinamicum, Nematopalemon schmitti, Palaemon carteri, Pseudopalaemon amazoniensis, Pseudopalaemon chryseus, Leander tenuicornis), Penaeidae (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri and Sergestidae) (Acetes marinus and Acetes paraguayensis). Alpheus nuttingi and L. tenuicornis were new records for the state of Amapá. This study contributes to the knowledge of the diversity and geographic distribution of decapod crustaceans in Amapá and highlights areas where there are gaps in collection, thus contributing to a better understanding of these invertebrates in the region.
Impact of Hospital Volume on Utilization of Minimally Invasive Surgery for Gastric Cancer
Authors: Dougherty Kristen , Zhang Zidong , Montenegro Grace , Hinyard Leslie , Xu Evan , Hsueh Eddy , Luu Carrie
Published: August 2022

Background

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for gastric cancer is increasingly performed. The purpose of this study is to evaluate trends in utilization of laparoscopic and robotic techniques compared to open surgery as well as utilization based on hospital volume.

Methods

We used the National Cancer Database to query patients who underwent gastrectomy from 2010 to 2017 for adenocarcinoma. Regression analyses were used to determine associations between MIS and clinical factors, the trend of MIS over time, and survival.

Results

A total of 18,380 patients met inclusion criteria. The annual rates of MIS increased for all hospital volumes, though lower volume centers were less likely to undergo MIS. MIS was associated with a shorter length of stay compared to open, and robotic gastrectomy had a higher rate of obtaining at least 15 lymph nodes and lower rate of having a positive margin.

Conclusions

MIS utilization for resection of gastric cancer increased over time, with robotic surgery increasing at a higher rate than laparoscopic surgery. Importantly, this occurred without increased in mortality or sacrificing adequate oncologic outcomes.
The impact of INGO ties on flows of aid for women’s health in the developing world
Authors: Yoo Eunhye
Published: August 2022

Recent literature on international development aid has emphasized the role of international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) in determining who receives international development assistance. However, few analyses have investigated the specific sectors of international aid and the influence of INGOs by INGO type. Using panel data from 94 countries from 1996 to 2015, this study tests the effects of general INGOs, women’s international non-governmental organizations (WINGOs), and health international non-governmental organizations (HINGOs) on the flows of aid for women’s reproductive health, family planning, and sexually transmitted diseases (STD) control/HIV/AIDS. The results show that general INGOs, WINGOs, and HINGOs are an important source of women’s health aid. However, the effects of these organizations are conditioned by recipients’ levels of political and economic development. These findings provide supporting evidence for the idea that INGO ties are important in women’s health aid, but also suggest that the size and significance of INGO effects should be considered cautiously.
The Effect of Positive Management Practices on Firm Profitability – Evidence from Text Mining
Authors: Becker Martin
Published: August 2022

The concepts of positive psychology and positive organizational scholarship emphasize the value of employees’ positive emotions and satisfaction for organizations to thrive. However, conceptions of positive practices or virtuousness emanating from managers are not yet fully established and suffer from incompleteness and inconsistency. This study establishes a framework that holistically and coherently captures management practices that lead to satisfaction among employees, applying text mining and unsupervised machine learning methods to a large sample of employee reviews (n = 5,650). The framework of positive management practices (PMP) encompasses the six dimensions of respectful interaction, open communication, interpersonal support, reasonable instructions, intellectual support, and managerial competence. In a subsequent analysis, this study finds a positive association between PMP at the organizational level and firm profitability, indicating that companies should ensure that employees in leadership positions understand and adopt PMP.
Autoethnographic Examination of Data-Driven, Community-Tailored COVID-19 Response in Brownsville, Texas
Authors: Blackburn Christine Crudo , Jones Michelle , Lee Miryoung , Bauer Cici , Rodriguez Arturo , Garcia Roberto , Fisher-Hoch Susan P. , McCormick Joseph B. , Zhang Kehe , Garrett Ava , Esteves Johanna
Published: August 2022

The City of Brownsville was made vulnerable to the COVID-19 pandemic due to high rates of obesity and diabetes, high rates of poverty, and adverse social determinants of health. To address the unique challenges faced by the community, Brownsville’s COVID-19 response brought together the skills of academia with the local understanding and health expertise of the city’s public health department to craft a pandemic response that addressed the specific needs and unique challenges of the residents. This article explores the response partnerships formed and the data-driven, community-oriented campaigns that were designed by the Brownsville Public Health Department. The collaborative partnership of the COVID-19 working group and the innovative dissemination strategies designed by the health department provided an effective method of disease mitigation among the city’s most vulnerable residents. The article demonstrates the impact of the response campaigns by including a resident’s perspective on the impact of the response, specifically how the health department tailored their efforts to meet the needs of the Brownsville community.
Motivations of diaspora support in homeland civil conflict
Authors: Bird Lucia
Published: August 2022

Although diasporas often leave their homelands due to violence or political upheaval, these groups may engage in homeland politics by providing financial, material, or diplomatic assistance to militants engaged in civil conflicts. Conversely, diasporas may ignore homeland civil conflicts and exclusively focus on opportunities available in their host states. This study argues that variation in diasporas’ degree of integration into their host states influences whether diasporas support militants opposing homeland governments. Diaspora members may be dissimilated, which undermines their ability to consolidate resources in support of homeland militants, or incorporated, which limits their will to engage in homeland civil conflicts. Moderately integrated diasporas, which maintain identity ties with the homeland and have access to beneficial resources, are most likely to aid militants fighting homeland civil conflicts. Using original data, I test and find support for this integration-based theory.
Computational Modeling of an Auditory Lexical Decision Experiment Using DIANA
Authors: Nenadić Filip , Tucker Benjamin V. , ten Bosch Louis
Published: August 2022

We present an implementation of DIANA, a computational model of spoken word recognition, to model responses collected in the Massive Auditory Lexical Decision (MALD) project. DIANA is an end-to-end model, including an activation and decision component that takes the acoustic signal as input, activates internal word representations, and outputs lexicality judgments and estimated response latencies. Simulation 1 presents the process of creating acoustic models required by DIANA to analyze novel speech input. Simulation 2 investigates DIANA’s performance in determining whether the input signal is a word present in the lexicon or a pseudoword. In Simulation 3, we generate estimates of response latency and correlate them with general tendencies in participant responses in MALD data. We find that DIANA performs fairly well in free word recognition and lexical decision. However, the current approach for estimating response latency provides estimates opposite to those found in behavioral data. We discuss these findings and offer suggestions as to what a contemporary model of spoken word recognition should be able to do.
Characteristics Associated With US Adults’ Self-Reported COVID-19 Protective Behaviors When Getting Food From Restaurants, Winter 2021
Authors: Wittry Beth C. , Hoover Edward R. , Pomeroy Mary A. , Dumas Brianna L. , Marshall Katherine E. , Yellman Merissa A. , St. Louis Michael E. , Garcia-Williams Amanda G. , Brown Laura G.
Published: August 2022

Objectives:

Visiting restaurants and bars, particularly when doing so indoors, can increase transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, among people who are not fully vaccinated. We aimed to understand US adults’ self-reported protective behaviors when getting food from restaurants during the COVID-19 pandemic when vaccines were not widely available.

Methods:

We used online nationwide survey data from January 2021 to assess self-reported restaurant-related behaviors of respondents (n = 502). We also used multiple logistic regression models to examine associations between respondents’ characteristics and these restaurant-related behaviors.

Results:

Half (49.7%) of respondents reported eating indoors at a restaurant at least once in the month before the survey. Respondents most likely to report eating inside restaurants were in the youngest age category (18-34 y), had personal COVID-19 experience, or indicated they felt safe eating inside a restaurant. Among respondents who had gotten food from a restaurant, more than 65% considered each of the following factors as important in their restaurant dining decision: whether the restaurant staff were wearing face masks, the restaurant requires face masks, other customers are wearing face masks, seating was spaced at least 6 feet apart, someone in their household was at risk for severe COVID-19 illness, and the restaurant was crowded. The most common protective behavior when eating at a restaurant was wearing a face mask; 44.9% of respondents who had eaten at a restaurant wore a face mask except when actively eating or drinking.

Conclusion:

The need for practicing prevention strategies, especially for those not up to date with COVID-19 vaccines, will be ongoing. Our findings can inform COVID-19 prevention messaging for public health officials, restaurant operators, and the public.
The Impact of Group Feedback on Self-Perceptions Following Videotape Exposure in CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Laposa Judith M. , Rector Neil A.
Published: August 2022

Video feedback following social anxiety exposures improves self-perceptions. Clinical studies have not examined whether feedback from group members has incremental benefit beyond that of viewing the tape itself. Sixty-seven individuals with social anxiety disorder completed videotaped exposure during group based cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). After participants viewed their taped exposure, group members and therapists gave feedback. Participants completed ratings of anxiety and performance before and after taping their exposure, after viewing the video themselves, and after receiving group feedback. Appraisal of social concerns were assessed after taping, viewing, and group feedback. There were significant improvements in anxiety, performance, and decreased social concerns across time points. Comparing only the time points of after viewing and after receiving group feedback, the same pattern emerged for anxiety, performance, and appraisal of social concerns, with moderate to large effect sizes. Group feedback led to ratings that exceeded their own initial evaluation of their video. Video feedback in group CBT that also includes feedback from others may improve clinical outcomes.
Not-for-Profit Organizations: A Multi-Disciplinary Review and Assessment From a Strategic Management Perspective
Authors: Gee Inn Hee , Nahm Peter Inho , Yu Tieying , Cannella Albert A.
Published: August 2022

Despite the popularity of not-for-profit organizations (NFPs) as a research topic, existing comprehensive reviews are rather limited, resulting in a large body of literature that lacks integration. In this review, we summarize prior research on NFPs, focusing on four key differences between for-profit organizations and NFPs: organizational goals, financial resources, human resources, and leadership and governance. Our aims are to delineate the major inroads that have been made—not only in theory testing, but also in theory building—and to identify fruitful avenues for continued inquiry.
Morphologic Features and Deep Learning–Based Analysis of Canine Spermatogenic Stages
Authors: Mehrvar Shima , Kambara Takahito
Published: August 2022

In nonclinical toxicity studies, stage-aware evaluation is often expected to assess drug-induced testicular toxicity. Although stage-aware evaluation does not require identification of specific stages, it is important to understand microscopic features of spermatogenic staging. Staging of the spermatogenic cycle in dogs is a challenging and time-consuming process. In this study, we first defined morphologic features for the eight spermatogenic stages in standard histology sections (H&E slides) of dog testes. For image analysis, we defined the key morphologic features of five stages/pooled stage groups (I-II, III-IV, V, VI-VII, and VIII). These criteria were used to develop a deep learning (DL) algorithm for staging of the spermatogenic cycle of control dog testes using whole slide images. In addition, a DL-based nucleus segmentation model was trained to detect and quantify the number of different germ cells, including spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids. Identification of spermatogenic stages and quantification of germ cell populations were successfully automated by the DL models. Combining these two algorithms provided color-coding visual spermatogenic staging and quantitative information on germ cell populations at specific stages that would facilitate the stage-aware evaluation and detection of changes in germ cell populations in nonclinical toxicity studies.
The internal dialogue of a Black Dramatherapist: ‘Am I the only one who feels like this?’
Authors: Sunday Linda
Published: August 2022

This article shares and reflects personal experiences of being a Dramatherapist, the internal dialogue that goes on because you’re not able to voice what’s happening, the fear of rejection, being misunderstood or simply being labelled as disruptive to others. My intent in this article is to shed light on the experiences faced by ethnic minority Dramatherapists and the struggles of constantly trying to fit in, blend in and not stand out. Lawson draws on the difficulties that Black students face at predominantly White institutions, not only from underrepresentation, but the perception and experiences of racial environments which can trigger feelings of depression, anxiety, alienation and other problems with mental health.
Island sensitivity in L2 learners: Evidence from acceptability judgments and event-related potentials
Authors: Covey Lauren , Fiorentino Robert , Gabriele Alison
Published: August 2022

This study investigates the processing of wh-dependencies in English by native speakers and advanced Mandarin Chinese-speaking learners. We examined processing at a filled gap site that was in a licit position (non-island) or located inside an island, a grammatically unlicensed position. Natives showed N400 in the non-island condition, which we take as evidence of gap prediction; no N400 emerged within the island. Learners yielded P600 in the non-island condition, suggesting learners did not predict a gap, but rather experienced syntactic integration difficulty. Like natives, learners showed no effects inside the island. Island sensitivity was also observed for both natives and learners in an offline acceptability judgment task. We also explored whether event-related potentials (ERP) responses were related to attentional control (AC), a cognitive ability that has been related to predictive processing in native speakers, in order to examine whether variability in processing in learners and native speakers is similarly explained. Results showed that increased AC was associated with larger N400s for natives and larger P600s for learners in the non-island condition, suggesting that increased AC may be related to prediction for natives and to integration effort for learners. Overall, learners demonstrated island sensitivity offline and online, suggesting that second language (L2) processing is indeed grammatically-guided. However, ERP results suggest that predictive processing in the resolution of wh-dependencies may be limited, at least for learners whose first language (L1) does not instantiate overt wh-movement.
Preserving stroke penumbra by targeting lipid signalling
Authors: Achón Buil Beatriz , Rust Ruslan
Published: August 2022

Pharmacological inhibition of astrocytic enzyme autotaxin rescues the stroke penumbra in mice and improves functional recovery, indicating therapeutic potential.
Outcome of mobile and fixed unicompartmental knee arthroplasty and risk factors for revision
Authors: Saylık Murat , Yenigul Ali Erkan , Atıcı Teoman
Published: August 2022

Objectives

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the outcomes of patients undergoing unilateral knee arthroplasty (UKA) and to analyze risk factors that may lead to revision in patients who undergo UKA.

Methods

We included patients who underwent mobile or fixed UKA owing to osteoarthritis and who had at least 24 months of follow-up in the postoperative period. We recorded information on patient age, sex, side, body mass (kg/m2), follow-up duration, Knee Society Score, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) pain, WOMAC function, WOMAC stiffness, mechanical axle angle, femoral component compliance, tibial component compliance, accumulated experience of the surgeon, and revision status.

Results

In total, we evaluated 131 knees in 118 patients. 50 (38%) who underwent mobile UKA and 81 (62%) who underwent fixed UKA. The effect of obesity on mobile and fixed UKA revision was significant. The likelihood of revision decreased with greater experience of the surgeon performing UKA.

Conclusion

Our study showed that the clinical results of mobile and fixed UKA procedures are similar. We also revealed that obesity poses a risk for revision in both fixed and mobile UKA, and the revision rate decreases with increased experience of the surgeon.
Environmental factors affecting classical music concert experience
Authors: Chen Yuxiao , Cabrera Densil
Published: August 2022

Based on an online survey, this study investigated the effect of various factors, including those related to performance, acoustic condition, visual condition, price, comfort, architectural design, and social aspects, on participants’ selection of concert, seat, and their experience of attending classical concerts. From 153 valid responses, it was found that the most important factors were related to performance, acoustics, and view; but price, comfort, and social factors were also moderately important. Performance and acoustic factors, comfort and view, social aspects, and architectural design were closely linked in participants’ judgments. More frequent concert-goers focused more on the music itself, including performance and acoustics, whereas less frequent concert-goers cared more for the experience of going to a concert, and were more concerned with price, social aspects, view, and architecture. People who were professional musicians, or had backgrounds in acoustics or architecture, attached more importance to visual factors and acoustics. Differences between groups of participants were generally smaller than differences between attributes.
Capital flows and geographically uneven economic dynamics: A monetary perspective
Authors: Kohler Karsten
Published: August 2022

This paper provides a monetary perspective on capital flows and their effects on geographically uneven economic dynamics. Contributing to debates on global imbalances and the international dimension of financialisation, the paper applies heterodox theories of endogenous money creation, asset pricing, and balance sheet fragility to capital flows across regions. Three theoretical claims are made and illustrated through coherent balance-sheet accounting and empirical examples. First, trade imbalances usually are financed endogenously by net inflows that need not originate from surplus regions. Second, bank inflows are not a precondition for local credit creation, but certain types of gross financial flows can contribute to destabilising financial booms through exchange rate appreciation and asset price inflation. Third, sudden stops in capital flows can be entirely unrelated to current account deficits but may trigger financial instability, resulting in negative gross flows rather than increased outflows. For debates in economic geography and heterodox economics, the arguments imply that the focus on surplus countries as originators of destabilising flows can be misleading and that global financial centres are likely to be more important. More attention is needed to gross portfolio and FDI flows into asset markets rather than bank flows and net flows.
Deformation Monitoring in Highway Slope with Square-Artificial-Marks-Based Image Processing Technology
Authors: Yang Gang , Wu Jianchao , Lei Dongning
Published: August 2022

To be able to easily and efficiently monitor the deformation characteristics of the highway slope, the author explores slope monitoring based on image processing methods. The image characteristics of highway slope deformation are studied by setting multiple square artificial marks and using image processing technology. The captured image is processed by graying, binarization, noise removal, region segmentation mark and pixel calibration, coordinate system establishment, and artificial mark coordinate point acquisition. We can calculate the coordinate value, and horizontal direction and vertical displacement deformation value of the observed artificial mark point in the image. By comparing with the observed artificial mark point coordinate value and the horizontal and vertical displacement deformation values, the result shows that the displacement point of the artificial mark point obtained by this paper’s method is consistent with the actual deformation trajectory, and the displacement deformation monitoring accuracy is 95.38%. The absolute error value of the single horizontal and vertical displacement is small. A method for monitoring the deformation of highway slope proposed in this paper can provide new ideas for solving practical engineering problems.
Machine Learning Methods to Analyze and Predict Crash Injury Severity Based on Contributing Factors for Southeast Michigan
Authors: Cai Xiaolin , Twumasi-Boakye Richard , Rahmati Yalda , Jain Seema , Fishelson James
Published: August 2022

Traffic safety is a critical aspect of transportation. Transportation agencies and researchers have been continuously making an effort to ensure minimal error margins in the road system. There is a growing interest in the Southeast Michigan region because of the active role of original equipment manufacturers in spurring research in the new mobility field and autonomous vehicle technology. As new jobs are created and commuting trips increase, traffic safety becomes even more important. Thus, this study presents one of the first efforts to study crash patterns for Southeast Michigan using machine learning models to analyze and predict crash severity in the region based on various contributing factors. We combine a three-step method of correlation analysis, machine learning predictive models, and spatial analysis to develop a rigid schema for crash prediction. Results show that decision tree classifiers provide accurate predictions and rapid computations. Also, spatial plots of predicted injury severities reveal disproportionate errors in model predictions at intersections prompting the need to stratify the crash data for further analyses. This significantly improves severe injury predictions at non-intersection locations and highlights pedestrians as a main important feature. The converse holds for intersections that identify motorcycles as the main feature for severity prediction. Further results are elucidated in this paper.
Network Planning for Innovative Track-Based Transportation Technologies: A Minimum Spanning Tree Algorithm to Demonstrate Network Benefits
Authors: Zhang Dapeng , Li Yanning
Published: August 2022

Direct connectivity, the main principle of developing the Interstate highway system, is of reduced importance for track-based transport networks. Ultra-speed, enabled by innovative technologies, can transport passengers via indirect links fast enough that certain direct links can be strategically removed to achieve cost savings while maintaining target transit times. Few studies have investigated such network benefits associated with ultra-speed technologies, and the relationship of vehicle speed, track length, and travel time savings is not well understood. Therefore, this article quantifies the relationship by studying potential transport networks using a case study in the American Midwest. A graph-theory-based heuristic algorithm is proposed to generate the optimal network and a set of scenarios are analyzed to test the sensitivity of network benefits to speed. Results show that ultra-speed can reduce the total length of the transport network by almost 50% while offering over 50% travel time reduction. This first attempt at quantifying the network benefits sheds light on transport network planning and infrastructure project development by mitigating the problems of capital cost and land acquisition.
Characterizing Ride-Hailing Driver Attrition and Supply in the City of Chicago Through the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hegde Sharika , Abkarian Hoseb , Mahmassani Hani S.
Published: August 2022

The flexible nature of on-demand ride services provided by transportation network companies (TNC) has resulted in unique supply-side challenges as the industry deals with the COVID-19 pandemic. Early during the pandemic, there was a 70% decrease in the number of drivers accepting trips on TNC platforms, as individual drivers chose to reduce their risk of viral infection and abide by social distancing recommendations. Given the two-sided market nature of TNCs, the decrease was also the effect of reduced rider demand creating a less desirable driver experience. This paper characterizes and quantifies this change in supply as it relates to driver residency, tenure, attrition, and the number of trips provided. The distribution of drivers accepting trips shifted slightly toward the lower income and higher minority areas of Chicago. Using survival analysis methods, we find that retention among drivers who started in the early months of the pandemic was significantly lower than in reference years, after six months of driving. The results of the negative binomial regression show that drivers on a single TNC platform provided 20% less trips than drivers on multiple platforms. This difference increases to 30% during the pandemic. Additionally, new drivers joined multiple apps during COVID-19, likely to serve more trips and secure higher income. The results of this paper can be used to understand and target driver retention to accelerate the recovery of the TNC industry.
Childhood Adversity and Mental Health Outcomes Among University Students: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Bhattarai Asmita , King Nathan , Adhikari Kamala , Dimitropoulos Gina , Devoe Dan , Byun Jin , Li Melanie , Rivera Daniel , Cunningham Simone , Bulloch Andrew G.M. , Patten Scott B. , Duffy Anne
Published: August 2022

Background

Mental health concerns are common among university students and maybe elevated among those with specific risk exposures. The study examined the association between childhood adversities and mental health outcomes among undergraduate university students and assessed whether psychosocial and behavioral factors mediate those associations.

Methods

The Queen’s University Student Well-Being and Academic Success Survey identified two large cohorts of first-year undergraduate students entering university in Fall 2018 and 2019 ( n = 5,943). At baseline, students reported sociodemographic information, family-related mental health history, childhood physical abuse, sexual abuse, peer bullying, and parental separation or divorce. Baseline and follow-up surveys in Spring 2019, Fall 2019, and Spring 2020 included validated measures of anxiety (7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder) and depressive symptoms (9-item Patient Health Questionnaire ), non-suicidal self-harm, and suicidality, along with psychological processes and lifestyle variables. Repeated measures logistic regression using Generalized Estimating Equations was used to characterize the associations between childhood adversities and mental health outcomes and examine potential mediation.

Results

Adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, familial mental illness, and parental education, any childhood abuse (odds ratio: 2.89; 95% confidence interval, 2.58 to 3.23) and parental separation or divorce (odds ratio: 1.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.12 to 1.50) were significantly associated with a composite indicator of mental health outcomes (either 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire score ≥10 or 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorderscore ≥10 or suicidality or self-harm). The association with childhood abuse weakened when adjusted for perceived stress, self-esteem, and insomnia (odds ratio: 2.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.80 to 2.34), and that with parental divorce weakened when adjusted for self-esteem (odds ratio: 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.00 to 1.36).

Conclusion

Childhood abuse and parental separation or divorce were associated with mental health concerns among university students. Childhood adversities may impact later mental health through an association with stress sensitivity, self-esteem, and sleep problems. The findings suggest that prevention and early intervention focusing on improving sleep, self-esteem, and coping with stress while considering the individual risk profile of help-seeking students may help support student mental health.
Effects of a Cognitive Apprenticeship on Transfer of Argumentative Writing in Middle School Science
Authors: De La Paz Susan , Butler Cameron , Levin Daniel M. , Felton Mark K.
Published: August 2022

Writing in science can be challenging for all learners, and it is especially so for students with cognitive or language-based learning difficulties. We examined the effects of a cognitive apprenticeship on student disciplinary writing skills as well as near and far transfer of learning outcomes. This instructional approach included a gradual release of responsibility for learning through four, 3-day investigations that included authentic scientific experiments, small- and whole-group discussions, and the construction and revision of scientific arguments. Intervention students showed significant gains for both near (effect size = 1.08) and far (effect size = 0.76) transfer disciplinary writing outcomes. These results held true even when compared with a nonequivalent control group (effect size = 1.95). Students with disabilities demonstrated similar rates of growth as peers without disabilities, especially with respect to the quality of their claims and ability to provide scientific evidence. This study provides additional data on the value of cognitive apprenticeships in middle school science classrooms, and the results indicate the importance of discussion in helping students to think and write more like scientists.
Preparing simvastatin nanoparticles by a combination of pH-sensitive and timed-release approaches for the potential treatment of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Fardafshari Fereshteh , Taymouri Somayeh , Minaiyan Mohsen , Tavakoli Naser
Published: August 2022

In this study, an emulsion solvent evaporation method was used to produce Eudragit RL (ERL) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with simvastatin (SIM) for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Accordingly, the effects of different formulation variables on the properties of NPs were evaluated using the Box-Behnken design. The optimized NPs were then coated by Eudragit FS30D (EFS30D). Drug release was studied in different physiological environments. Colitis was induced by 3% of acetic acid in rats, which received NPs of SIM (10 mg/kg/day), mesalazine (150 mg/kg/day), blank NPs and normal saline orally for 5 days. Macroscopic histopathological evaluation and biochemical analysis, including myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the colon tissues, were carried out in this study. The optimized SIM-ERL NPs showed the particle size of 182.48 ± 4.57 nm, the polydispersity index of 0.29 ± 0.12, the zeta potential of 26.45 ± 4.57 mV, drug loading % of 34.64 ± 0.48, the encapsulation efficiency % of 98.68 ± 0.69, and the release efficiency % of 35.78 ± 1.37. Coating the optimized NPs with EFS30D caused an increase in particle size and a decrease in the zeta potential of NPs. The optimized SIM-EFS30D/RL NPs improved the macroscopic and histopathological scores. Also, MPO activity and MDA level were reduced significantly by NPs, as compared to the control group. Therefore, this drug delivery system can be an alternative to the previous treatments of UC.