bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
İŞYERİ NEZAKETSİZLİĞİNİN SONUÇLARININ BELİRLENMESİNE YÖNELİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: AKNAR Ahmet , BAYRAM Ali
Published: January 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı işyeri nezaketsizliği, örgütsel vatandaşlık, duygusal bağlılık, iş tatmini, tükenmişlik ve iş-aile çatışması arasındaki ilişkileri incelemektir. Bu kapsamda Kayseri, Nevşehir, Aksaray ve Konya’da faaliyet göstermekte olan turizm işletmelerinde çalışmakta olan işgörenlerden kolayda örneklem yöntemiyle 492 anket toplanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında güvenilirlik analizi, frekans analizi, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi, korelasyon analizi ve regresyon analizinden faydalanılmıştır. Yapılan regresyon analizi sonucunda iş yeri nezaketsizliğinin örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı, duygusal bağlılık ve iş tatmine ile negatif yönlü, tükenmişlik ve iş-aile çatışması ile pozitif yönlü etkiye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularının literatürde önemli bir boşluğu doldurmasının yanı sıra, uygulamada turizm işletme sahip ve yöneticilerine işletmelerdeki etik olmayan uygulamaları engelleyebilecek ve işyerindeki medeni davranışları teşvik edecek öneriler sunulması hedeflenmektedir.
NORMATİF SOSYAL ETKİ KAVRAMI ÜZERİNE BİBLİYOMETRİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: SARP Pınar , GÜROL Yonca
Published: January 2023

Farklı disiplindeki bilim adamlarının sosyal normlara hızla artan ilgisi sosyal normları neyin oluşturduğuna ve temel kavramların nasıl işlevselleştirildiğine dair bakış açısı kazandırmaktadır. Bu makalenin amaçları (a) sosyal normlar üzerine hızla gelişen literatürün gözden geçirilmesini sağlamak ve normların davranışları nasıl etkilediğini açıklayan teorileri gözden geçirmek, (b) bu alanda gelecekteki araştırmalar için öneriler sunmaktır. Çalışmada, 1985-2022 yılları arasında SCI, SSCI ve ESCI atıf indekslerinde yer alan Normatif Sosyal Etki kavramı ile ilgili 2.606 makale VOSviewer yazılımı kullanılarak Web of Science veri tabanında bibliyometrik olarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, esas olarak normatif sosyal etki kavramı ile ilgili araştırmaları değerlendirmek ve gelecek çalışmalar için öngörü sağlamaktır. Bu kapsamda araştırmada yer alan yayınların değerlendirilmesi amacıyla alandaki değişimler ve gelişmeler, konu başlıklarındaki eğilimler, yayın yapan ülke ve kurumlar ele alınmıştır. Normatif sosyal etki alanında sıklıkla kullanılan anahtar kelimelerin "sosyal normlar", "sosyal etki”, “norm”, "tanımlayıcı normlar" olduğu görülmektedir. Konu ile ilgili psikoloji, sosyoloji ve iletişim alanında çalışmalar yapıldığı gözlenmektedir. Gelecekteki araştırmacıların normatif sosyal etki alanında ülkelerin yayınladıkları çalışma sayılarındaki farklılıkların nedenleri ve alana ilgi düzeyleri konusunda ampirik ve kavramsal çalışmalar yapmaları önerilmektedir.
TÜRKİYE GİRİŞİMCİLİK EKOSİSTEMİNİN KIRILMA NOKTALARI VE 2001-2020 YILLARI ARASINDAKİ TARİHSEL SÜRECİ
Authors: AKA Seçil Pelin , ÖZDEMİRCİ Ata
Published: January 2023

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye girişimcilik ekosisteminin 2001-2020 yılları arasındaki tarihsel süreci incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın amacı, Türkiye teknoloji girişimciliğinin oluşum sürecini ve günümüze kadar gelişimini ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaçla, İstanbul girişimcilik ekosisteminde yer alan 42 kişi ile derinlemesine görüşme yapılarak Türkiye teknoloji girişimciliği ekosistemindeki kırılma noktaları öğrenilmiştir. Verilen cevaplar MAXQDA 2022 programı ile analiz edilerek görselleştirilmiştir. Belirtilen kırılma noktaları sonucunda ekosistemin tarihsel gelişimi 3 aşamaya ayrılmıştır. Belirlenen 3 aşamalı tarihsel süreç katılımcı görüşlerine dayanarak ikincil verilerle birlikte incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda Türkiye teknoloji girişimciliği ekosisteminin oluşum aşaması ve yakın tarih incelemesi gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Micro Finance and Women Empowerment: A Critical Overview
Authors: Jebasingh Dr. D. Raja
Published: January 2023

The present study entitled “Micro Finance and Women Empowerment: A Critical Overview” is invented to find out the women empowerment (challenges, achievement, innovations) prevailing in the Microfinance sector. It reveals that the possibility of the process microfinance being hijacked by other people who have been attracted by the credit. Moreover, people, who are in poor for enabling them to raise their income level and improve living standards through Microfinance.The study recommends that the repayment in-tervals to the investment opportunities available in that community or seasonal variations.
Ex-Dividend Day Stock Price Behaviour: Evidence from India
Authors: Ramachandran M. , Sanju P. S. , Nirmala P. S.
Published: January 2023

The aim of this paper is to examine the ex-dividend day price behaviour of dividend paying Indian stocks during the period 2005-2007. From the ex-dividend day price drop to dividend ratios, we find that stock prices drop by less than dividend on the ex-dividend day, which could be explained neither by taxation hypothesis nor microstructure explanations. So, we test whether short term trading hypothesis could explain the price drop. To this end, event study methodology is employed to examine stock price and trading volume behaviour on and around ex-dividend day. Significant positive abnormal return on ex-dividend day and significant positive abnormal volumes on and around ex-dividend day are observed. These findings suggest that there is short term trading activity around ex-dividend day that causes the ex-dividend day price drop to dividend ratio being less than one. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that examines the ex-dividend day price behaviour for the Indian market.
Comparative Study on Customers' Satisfaction towards Mobile Service Provided by AIRCEL and BSNL in Erode Town
Authors: VIDYA B. , PRABHU R. MAHA , GANAPATHI R.
Published: January 2023

In olden days the only phone system available to all the users was BSNL. BSNL had a monopolistic trade for long time since independence. But due to the globalization and privatization policy adopted by the government private entries in communication was encouraged by the government at all level. Due to this reason in modern scenario the public have enormous choices in selecting the services of communication system provided by the private sectors apart from the BSNL. So BSNL was in a position to update the technology and services, schemes offered to the customers. The AIRCEL communication is one of the familiar communications available in southern parts of India which provides various products to the customers mainly covering the rural public. Due to the effort taken by the union government particular in communication system the BSNL has developed well and launched various products which mainly attracted the public and customers in all parts of the country. It gives toughest competition to all the private sectors in communication system. So the customers have choices in selecting the mobile communication system. They are aware of all the services provided by various mobile communication systems. Further they frequently change their brand of services from time to time based on the scheme provided by BSNL, AIRCEL and other communication system. These decisions of the customers have considerable impact on the marketing of products both by BSNL and also AIRCEL. Frequently they lose the existing customers and get new customers also. Both of them (BSNL and AIRCEL) meet competition in the market and face problems to retain the existing customers. Though they offer attractive schemes to customers they could not stop the changing mind of the customers to select other brand. What are the reasons for it? What are the causes? How these problems can be solved? To know all these things a thorough study is to be undertaken. This is inevitable at present. Hence, the researchers as a preliminary step tried to write an article on "Comparative Study on Customers' Satisfaction towards Mobile Service Provided by Aired and BSNL in Erode Town". Through this article the research found the real causes for the changing attitudes of the customers in selecting the mobile phone services offered by both BSNL and AIRCEL, and found out the issues in the related area and the customers attitudes towards the services of BSNL and Aircel and also remedial measures to solve the issues faced by the customers in the mobile phone services offered by BSNL and AIRCEL.
Training and Its Impact on Employee Self Development
Authors: Hemamalini R.
Published: January 2023

Training analysis process is a series of activities conducted to identify problems or other issues in the workplace, and to determine whether training is an appropriate response. The analysis is usually the first step taken to cause a change. This is mainly done specifically to define the gap between the current and the desired individual and organizational performances. Generally training is carried out for the various purposes such as performance problem, anticipating new system, task or technology and also for self development. In all three situations, the starting point is a desire to effect a change. Given this, you must know how the people who will experience change perceive it. In the absence of a training analysis, we may find employees resistant to change and reluctant to training. They may be unable to transfer their newly acquired skills to their jobs because of the organizational constraints. This paper helps us to identify the effectiveness of training through self development analysis. From the analysis it could be inferred that the opportunity for self development has the highest mean score value of 1.5040 and the next highest value is opportunity for learning with mean score value of 1.6240 which shows that a good opportunity for self development and learning for employees by training.
Succession Planning & its impact on Organizational Performance in IT Sector
Authors: Subrahmanian Dr. Mu. , N Anjani.
Published: January 2023

The present study aims at measuring the practice of Succession Planning and its impact on Organizational Performance in IT companies based in Chennai. This study falls under descriptive study mainly aimed at fact finding. The method adopted to collect data is questionnaire method. The study found that the mean percentage of Succession Planning and Organizational Performance in IT consultancy firms and the relationship between Succession Planning and Organizational Performance is found to be positive.
Relationship between Employees Perceptions to Organization and Turnover Intentions
Authors: S. SUDHA Ms.
Published: January 2023

The study is mainly conducted to examine the relationship between employees’ perceptions and turnover intentions. The variables selected for the study are support given by the management to its employees, work attitudes, compensation benefits, fulfillment of employees’ expectations and opinion on organization’s retention strategies. A sample survey of 120 questionnaires has been collected from the respondents for the purpose of the study. The study concludes that there is perfect relationship between employees’ perceptions to organization and turnover intentions.
Importance of Information Management in B-School: A Critical Analysis Exploring the Issues Relating to its Storage, Use and Dissemination
Authors: Joshi Mrunal U.
Published: January 2023

Information is becoming an important corporate resource that must be captured, preserved, protected and grown. It involves people, technology, and processes. Creating and using the captured information in an effective way is now necessary for all organizations, regardless of industry sector. Information when processed further helps in knowledge creation which is a central productive and strategic asset for any organization. The success of the organization increasingly depends on its ability to gather, produce, maintain and disseminate information. Proper Storage and Dissemination of Information would be playing a very important role in social knowledge relationships. Academia especially B-Schools are honing the budding managers and trying to pace up with the fast growing world. This paper is an attempt to explore the preparedness and use of technology within the B-Schools and effects of technology on the process improvement. It explores the scenario of initiatives in academics especially in B-Schools and discusses the strategies effective work environment.
KARAKTERISTIK PASIEN DENGAN CATHETER URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS (CAUTI)
Authors: Fauziah Wardah , Mahayu Adiutama Novian , Aldy Mandhatyi Fhandy
Published: January 2023

Urinary tract infections may increase the prevalence of healthcare-associated infections, which reaches 40%. Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI) is the most common urinary tract which occurs in patients.. This study aims to find out the identifications of the Catheter Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI) based on characteristics in Subang Regency Regional Hospital. This study is a descriptive study, based on primary and secondary data. The population in this study was all patient on diagnostic CAUTI at the Intensive Care Unit Subang District Hospital. The results of this study found that there are  patient with CAUTI The results of the analysis showed that the average age of respondents in the control group was 48.42 years, with the youngest age being 18 years and the oldest being 60 years (standard deviation 10.67). Based on the statistical results showed that most of the respondents were male, namely 41 people (62.12%) and 25 people (37.88%).
ANALISIS KARAKTERISTIK, PENGETAHUAN, DAN SIKAP PERAWAT TERHADAP PERAWATAN PALIATIF DI RUMAH SAKIT DAERAH KABUPATEN SUBANG
Authors: Handayani Fitri , Neneng Rosita Iis
Published: January 2023

Palliative care cannot be done by just anyone, because it must involve a special team such as doctors, nurses, and other medical experts who are professionals in the field of palliative specialization. The purpose of this study is to be able to analyze the relationship between the level of knowledge and the attitude of nurses about palliative care to the characteristics in the Subang Regency Regional Hospital. The research design used is Cross Sectional. The sample in this study was 76 respondents. Univariate, bivariate data analysis using chi square and multiple logistic regression multivariates. The results showed that the variables that had a meaningful relationship with nurse actions in valiative care were variables of age, education, knowledge, and attitudes with a p value of < 0.05. Of the four variables, there is a chance of palliative care implementation of 67.5%. It is necessary to improve knowledge and attitudes in the field of palliative care for nurses who provide palliative care through special education.
The Image of Fichte’s Philosophy in German Neo-Kantianism
Authors: Kornilaev Leonid Yu.
Published: January 2023

Neo-Kantianism is traditionally seen as a philosophy that was formed to develop and actualise Kant’s philosophy and Kantian transcendental methodology. However, Kant was the determining, but by no means the only, influence on the emergence of the neo-Kantian tradition. Neo-Kantianism was strongly influenced by the entire German post-Kantian philosophy, especially by Fichte and Hegel, although neo-Kantians have repeatedly tried to dissociate themselves from the great idealists. In many ways neo-Kantianism was cultivated by the Fichtean reading of Kant, which enabled succeeding philosophers, notably H.-G. Gadamer, to consider neo-Kantianism to be “hidden neo-Fichteanism”. The main goal of this study is a historical-philosophical reconstruction of the image of Fichtean philosophy formed within German neo-Kantianism. To achieve this aim I have analysed the key projects of the German neo-Kantians in which the influence of Fichte’s philosophy, in particular his interpretation of the Kantian doctrine of the primacy of practical reason, is most clearly manifested. I show that the theory of values of the Southwest neo-Kantians and the ethics of pure will of the Marburg neo-Kantians are associated with the Fichtean revision of Kant’s doctrine of the primacy of practical reason. The following, in my opinion, are the main features of the image of Fichte’s philosophy: it is close to neo-Kantians precisely because it strives to combine theoretical and practical reason; it is in ethics that Fiche’s ideas are most manifest in neo-Kantianism; neo-Kantian original theories contain the ideas of self-consciousness “in the spirit” of Fichte. The conclusion is drawn that the growth of the metaphysical component in neo-Kantian doctrines may be connected with the influence of Fichte’s philosophy.
Application Interactive Thematic Learning Media i-Spring to Improve Student Learning Outcomes
Authors: Batubara Hakiki Annisa , Simbolon Naeklan , . Sriadhi
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of feasibility of using interactive thematic learning media for the application of i-spring to elementary school students. Development research methods (Development & Research). Development research is a model in research that is used to produce certain products and to test the feasibility of media and the effectiveness of a product. The subjects in this study were students of class III A at Tembung 101767 Elementary School. The location of this research was carried out at elementary school IT Nurul 'Ilmi in the odd semester of the 2022/2023 academic year. This development research focused on thematic learning, namely theme 3 "Things Around Me", sub-theme 2 "Objects Being" and Learning 5 and 6 in class III elementary school. The final product will be evaluated based on the specified product quality aspects. The results of the study show that the Thematic Interactive Learning media in the thematic learning developed has been validated and meets the criteria for good and appropriate learning media to be used in thematic learning on the theme 6 sub-themes 3 in class III elementary school with an average media percentage of 88% and material of 90% with a very feasible category as a learning medium.
Emulsion Properties of Synbiotic Yoghurt Red Dragon Fruit Peel Extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Evaporation with Honey
Authors: Pradana Dimas Wahyu , Manab Abdul , Sawitri Manik Eirry
Published: January 2023

Synbiotic yogurt is a combination of probiotics and prebiotics. Red dragon fruit peel extract contains 10.79% pectin, which can be used as a prebiotic. Dragon fruit peel synbiotic yogurt produces an unpleasant aftertaste. The addition of honey can improve the functional properties of dragon fruit peel synbiotic yogurt. The purpose of this study was to determine the emulsion of synbiotic yogurt with evaporated red dragon fruit peel extract and honey sweetener. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Animal Products Technology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Brawijaya. The research material is probiotic yoghurt, synbiotic yoghurt with addition of red dragon fruit peel extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus) 20% made from 10% skim milk and yoghurt starter containing Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus (1:1), and the addition of 2% honey to synbiotic. The research method was an experimental completely randomized design with treatment T1 = probiotic yoghurt, T2 = synbiotic yoghurt fortified red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel extract 20% and T3 = T2 + 2% honey, with 3 replications (v/v).The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), if the test results showed a difference, then the Duncan test (DMRT) was carried out. The results showed that adding evaporated red dragon fruit peel extract and honey sweetener to synbiotic yogurt did not result in a significant difference (P>0.05) in emulsion stability or yogurt turbidity but did result in a significant difference (P>0.05) in emulsion activity. It was concluded that the evaporation of red dragon fruit peel extract with honey sweetener affected the emulsion properties.
Investigation of Agro-morphological Characters between 34 Accessions of Trifolium resupinatum L
Authors: Salimpour Mohammad Ehsan , Omoomi Farnoor Davachi , Salimpour Fahimeh
Published: January 2023

Agro-morphological characters in 34 populations of Iranian Trifolium resupinatum L. germplasm, were investigated. 24 traits for each accession were evaluated according to white clover and forage legume descriptors.  Data were analyzed by SPSS and Excel softwares. Statistical tendency parameters for agro-morphological characters were calculated.  A cluster analysis based on morphological traits separate populations in two different groups that in one cluster there was an only accession belongs to Kurdestan locality.  Factor analysis have shown that 61/24% of collection variations were expressed by six factors. Leaflet shape, calyx trichome, the length of leaflet and inflorescence diameter were the most important morphological characters and the weight of 1000 seeds, number of days until to flowering were significant agricultural traits. . Based on these results, it seems that variation in germplasms is independent to geographical distribution. This research showed that there is a high biodiversity for this species in Iran due to the diverse environmental conditions, so that be useful for breeding programs and marketing.
Ex-vivo Antispasmodic and In vivo Anti Salmonella Potential of Rumex bequaertii Leaves Extracts
Authors: Deumeni Claude Ruphin Mougoue , Amang André Perfusion , Nkenfou Céline Nguefeu , Fosin Roméo Georges Bonsou , Notedji Augustin , Tchuenguem Roland Tchuenteu , Siwe Gael Tchokomeni , Kuiate Jules-Roger , Watcho Pierre , Tan Paul Vernyuy
Published: January 2023

Objective: The present study aimed at investigating the acute toxicity, the ex-vivo antispasmodic potential of aqueous and ethanolic Rumex bequaertii leaves extracts in isolated ileum fragment and antimicrobial activity of Rumex bequaertii ethanolic leaves extract in animal models infected with Salmonella typhi.

Methods: Acute toxicity using a single dose of ethanolic extract of Rumex bequaertii at 2000 mg/kg was administered to female rats and effects were observed during 14 days. Different cumulative concentrations of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Rumex bequaertii leaves were tested for spontaneous contractions and potassium chloride-induced contractions in rat ileum fragment. Different doses of the ethanolic extract of Rumex bequaertii leaves were tested for antidiarrheal activity in Wistar rats infected with Salmonella typhi.

Results: Rats given the single dose of Rumex bequaertii ethanolic extract showed no significant changes in body and organs weights compared to control rats. Administration of extracts at all tested concentrations resulted to inhibition of ileum contractions. Inhibition of spontaneous contractions of ileum fragment by aqueous extract ranging from 24.48 to 90.19 %, for 2.91, to 15.25 mg/mL, respectively, while ethanolic extract was from 42.00 to 83.72 %, for 0.99, to 5.66 mg/mL, respectively. Concerning potassium chloride-induced contraction, aqueous extract concentrations (from 2.91 to 15.25 mg/mL) inhibited contractions from 31.46 to 67.23 %; the ethanolic extract (0.99 to 5.66 mg/mL) inhibited from 38.25, to 82.60 % and verapamil from 14.31 to 80.70 %, at 0.06 to 0.34 mg/mL. After administration of ethanolic extract, all tested doses resulted to reduction of Salmonella typhi load in stools and blood, with activities being duration and dose dependent. Conclusion: The lethal dose 50 of the Rumex bequaertii ethanol extract is greater than 2000 mg/kg. Aqueous and ethanolic leaves’ extracts of Rumex bequaertii possess ex-vivo antispasmodic and ethanolic leaves extract of Rumex bequaertii possess antimicrobial activity.
Integrated Soil Fertility Management: A Promising Pathway for Sustainable Intensification of Smallholder Cotton Farming Systems in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Gnahoua Jean-Baptiste Gnélié , Ouattara Marie Luce Mâ Semba , Coulibali Zonlehoua , Diomandé Loua Barthélémy , Soro Yadé Réné
Published: January 2023

Aims: This study was aimed to increase the sustainability of smallholder cotton cultivation in Côte d’Ivoire, through the implementation of Integrated Soil Fertility Management, combining the use of moderate amounts of mineral fertilizer and fortified organic manure.

Study Design: The experiment was set up in a Fisher block design, with four treatments and three replications.

Place and Duration of Study: The trials were conducted in four locations across two largest cotton growing areas (Odienne and Minignan) in the northern agro-ecological zone, between March and September 2021.

Methodology: The technical options included: 1) mineral fertilizer (25 kg NPK ha-1 + 12.5 kg urea ha-1) + 0 kg manure ha-1 (control), 2) mineral fertilizer + 50 kg manure ha-1, 3) mineral fertilizer + 75 kg manure ha-1 and 4) local practice (200 kg NPK ha-1 + 50 kg urea ha-1 + 0 kg manure ha-1).

Results: The results showed an increase in seed cotton yield for the manure treatments compared to the control treatment. Non-significant yield difference was found between the manure treatments and local practice. The average yields obtained in Odienne were 5.73 ± 0.70 t ha-1 for 75 kg manure ha-1 and 5.13 ± 0.96 for 50 kg manure ha-1, versus 2.58 ± 0.76 t ha-1 for the control treatment. In Minignan, the average yields obtained were 6.86 ± 1.76 t ha-1 for 75 kg manure ha-1 and 5.73 ± 0.70 t ha-1 for 50 kg manure ha-1, versus 2.58 ± 0.76 t ha-1 for the control. The Agronomic Efficiency of applied manure varied from 37.00 ± 13.07 to 73.41 ± 16.89 kg cotton kg-1 and from 44.34 ± 15.05   to 1 for the two agro-ecological zones.

Conclusion: The Integrated Soil Fertility Management system was proven to be a promising pathway for achieving sustainable intensification of smallholder cotton cultivation systems.
Modelling and Simulation of the Earth-to-Air Heat Exchanger in Laminar Air Flow Regime for the Passive Cooling of Buildings
Authors: Kolani Yendouban , N’wuitcha Kokou , Nougbléga Yawovi , Banna Magolmèèna , Zeghmati Belkacem
Published: January 2023

The earth-to-air heat exchanger is a very energy efficient system for preheating and cooling premises, which consists of circulating air through a tube buried at a certain depth in the ground. The temperature of the ground is less variable than that of the outside air, so that the air leaving the exchanger is more temperate. In the warm periods of the year, the air is cooled while it is warmed during the cold periods. The present work is devoted to the modelling and numerical simulation of the mixed convection earth-to-air heat exchanger in laminar regime. The mixed convection equations governing the heat transfers in the earth-to-air heat exchanger and in the building as well as the boundary and initial conditions have been presented and discretized using the finite difference method with an Alternate Direction Implicit (ADI) scheme. The linear algebraic equations obtained are solved using the Thomas algorithm combined with an iterative Gauss-Seidel procedure. The results show that the flow is dominated by forced convection. The analysis of the effect of Reynolds number indicated that the temperature, average Nusselt number and earth-to-air heat exchanger efficiency increase with Reynolds number.
Ashwagandha and Its Active Ingredient, Withanolide A, Increase Phosphorylation of TrkB in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons
Authors: Chen Michael , Russo-Neustadt Amelia
Published: January 2023

Aims: To primary rat embryonic hippocampal neurons in culture, ashwagandha or one of its active ingredients, withanolide A were added in the presence or absence of nutrient supplementation and then assayed for activity of the BDNF receptor, TrkB.

Study Design:  Primary hippocampal neurons were cultured and grown in nutrient-rich or nutrient-poor medium.  Ashwagandha or withanolide A were then be added to both types of media with or without an inhibitor of TrkB or either the PI-3K or MAPK pathway.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, CA, USA, between July 2021 and August 2022.

Methodology: Rat embryos were removed by cesarean section from mother rats at 18 days’ gestation and the hippocampi of the former dissected, plated into culture dishes, and treated with the appropriate drug(s) (see Study Design above).  After 4 days, neurons were harvested for Western blotting.  Optical density of Western blot bands were quantified and statistically analyzed in a 2-way ANOVA, using a level of statistical significance at P < .05.

Results: Under normal conditions (with N2 supplement), ashwagandha, but not withanolide A, increased phospho-TrkB immunoreactivity when compared to the effects of vehicle (controls, F(11, 24) = 22.48, P < .001), although withanolide A did not quite reach statistical significance (P = .069) when compared to that of the controlled condition.  Likewise, under nutrient-deprived conditions, both ashwagandha and withanolide A also increased phosphorylation of TrkB when compared to that of vehicle-nutrient-deprived conditions (P < .0001). The same results were obtained in the presence of inhibitors of TrkB itself and the PI-3K (ashwagandha, P < .001; withanolide A, P < .001) and MAPK (ashwagandha, P = .027; withanolide A, P = .045) pathways.

Conclusion: Ashwagandha or withanolide A activates TrkB, in nutrient-deprived hippocampal neurons, underscoring its role in neuronal survival signaling.
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth and Yield of Cauliflower
Authors: Nahar Hashi Samsun , Mostarin Tahmina , Khatun Khaleda , Kabir Sayma , Akter Shapla , Banu Khodaiza , Roy Sanchita , Ahmed Asif , Abdus Samad Md.
Published: January 2023

With the use of integrated nutrient management, cauliflower the growth and yield can be boosted. Due to their complementing effects, the ideal combination of different organic and inorganic sources of nutrients may significantly boost cauliflower growth and yield. The experiment consisted of 13 treatments viz. T1= N120P60K100S20 kg/ha (Recommended dose of NPKS as control), T2= N120P60K100S20 kg/ha + CD (5 t/ha), T3= N120P60K100S20 kg/ha + VC (4 t/ha), T4= N120P60K100S20 kg/ha + MSC (4 t/ha), T5= N120P60K100S20B0.6Mo0.54 kg/ha + CD (5 t/ha), T6= N120P60K100S20B0.6Mo0.54 kg/ha + VC (4 t/ha), T7= N120P60K100S20B0.6Mo0.54 kg/ha + MSC (4 t/ha), T8= N120P60K100S20 kg/ha + CD (5 t/ha) + Bio. (5 kg/ha), T9= N120P60K100S20 kg/ha + VC (4 t/ha) + Bio. (5 kg/ha), T10= N120P60K100S20 kg/ha + MSC (4 t/ha) + Bio. (5 kg/ha), T11= N120P60K100S20B0.6Mo0.54 kg/ha + CD (5 t/ha) + Bio. (5 kg/ha), T12= N120P60K100S20B0.6Mo0.54 kg/ha + VC (4 t/ha) + Bio. (5 kg/ha) and T13= N120P60K100S20B0.6Mo0.54 kg/ha + MSC (4 t/ha) + Bio. (5 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) having single factor with three replications. Data were recorded on growth, yield components of cauliflower and significant variation was observed for most of the studied characters. Under this investigation, it was revealed that the highest yield (36.34 t/ha) with net return (Tk. 524202) and BCR (3.59) was obtained from T12 (N120P60K100S20B0.6Mo0.54 kg/ha + VC (4 t/ha) + Bio. (5 kg/ha) treatment. On the other hand, the lowest yield (13.50 t/ha) with net return (Tk. 137869) and BCR (2.04) was obtained from T1 (N120P60K100S20 kg/ha) treatment. So, economic analysis revealed that T12 (N120P60K100S20B0.6Mo0.54 kg/ha + VC (4 t/ha) + Bio-fertilizer (5 kg/ha) treatment appeared to be the best for achieving the higher growth, yield and economic benefit of cauliflower.
Dissipation Dynamics and Risk Assessment of Imidacloprid in Grape Berries Using LC- MS for Food Safety
Authors: Reddy Banka Kanda Kishore , Bhuvaneswari K. , Sadhineni Malleswari
Published: January 2023

Aim: The present study was taken up to assess the imidacloprid residue pattern in order to define strategies for improvement of quality and safety mainly healthfulness in grapes.

Place and Duration of Study: The present study was carried out in Tamil Nadu during the period 2020-2021.

Methodology: Dissipation studies were carried out in a farmer’s field at Theni, India (9o N latitude and 76o E longitude and 375m above mean sea level) with all good agricultural practices. During this study Grapes (Muscat Hamburg variety) was grown and the commercial formulation of imidacloprid 17.8% SL was applied at recommended dose (53 a.i ha-1) and double dose (106 a.i  ha-1) Two sprays were given with an interval of 10 day by using a power operated sprayer as 500 L ha-1 spray fluid for dissipation study. The samples were processed by adopting modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) method.

Results: The initial deposit imidacloprid in grape berries was 0.65 and 1.56 mg kg-1 at the recommended dose (53 g a.i ha-1) and double dose respectively (106 g a.i ha-1). The insecticide exhibited a slower dissipation rate and reached below its quantification level (<0.01 mg kg-1) in grape berries on 25th, 30th day at recommended and double doses respectively.

Conclusion: The toxicological dietary risk assessment data shows that risk quotient is less than one which confirms safer to consumers. Pre-harvest interval does not apply for imidacloprid at recommended dose as being grapes harvested on the day of application itself were found safe for consumption and PHI/ safe waiting period of 2 days is suggested for double dose for harvesting.
Study of Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance in Tomato Genotypes for Yield and Its Components
Authors: Mishra Gaurav , Kumar Nandan , Kumar Raj , Singh H. C. , Singh Niranjan
Published: January 2023

To select prospective genotype variants for future breeding programs, research is currently being done to evaluate the degree of genetic variability, heritability, and genetic progress among various tomato varieties using morphological features.

Experimental material comprising thirty-seven species of tomato genotype was raised in the three-replication using Randomized Block Design during the Rabi 2020-21 season and data were recorded in morphological and quality aspects. On the basis of mean performance of weight of fruits per plant, genotype superior to check genotype are 7053, 8105, 8202, 8623, 8730 as compared to the best checks 8716 and 9426. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) in Randomized Block Design experiments revealed significant for all morphological characters. The result showed higher phenotypic coefficients of variation of all characters compared to genotypic coefficients of variation. High Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation as recorded by fruit number per plant (38.07) followed by fruit weight per plant (33.49) and days to flowering (28.09) while high Genotypic Coefficient of Variation was identified by fruit number per plant (37.60) and followed by fruit weight per plant (32.94) and flowering days (27.52). All the characters showed high divergence. The number of fruits per plant showed high genetic advance (53.66) followed by maturity days (23.27) and plant height (20.73). The study provided an opportunity to identify genotypes and appropriate parameters like number of fruits per plant, days to plant height to be used in future breeding programs.
SOCS‐1 can suppress CD3ζ‐ and Syk‐mediated NF‐AT activation in a non‐lymphoid cell line
Authors: Matsuda Tadashi , Yamamoto Tetsuya , Kishi Hiroyuki , Yoshimura Akihiko , Muraguchi Atsushi
Published: July 2002

To elucidate T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling leading to activation nuclear factor of activated T cells (NF‐AT), we reconstituted TCR signaling to activate NF‐AT in a non‐lymphoid cell line, 293T. We demonstrated that co‐expression of CD8/ζ and Syk were necessary for NF‐AT activation in 293T. This NF‐AT response was completely inhibited by the addition of cyclosporin A or FK506, but markedly enhanced by the additional expression of Tec protein tyrosine kinase. We also show that the cytokine signaling suppressor, suppressor of cytokine signaling 1, potently inhibited this response by interacting with Syk and immunoreceptor tyrosine‐based activation motifs in CD8/ζ. These results imply that this novel system may provide a useful tool to delineate or identify the regulatory molecules for CD3ζ/Syk‐mediated NF‐AT activation.
The suitability of hexyl cinnamic aldehyde as a calibrant for the murine local lymph node assay
Authors: Dearman Rebecca J. , Wright Zoe M. , Basketter David A. , Ryan Cindy A. , Gerberick G. Frank , Kimber Ian
Published: July 2002

The murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) for the prospective identification of contact allergens assesses skin sensitization potential as a function of proliferative activity induced in lymph nodes draining the site of topical exposure to test chemical. This method has been endorsed recently as a stand alone test for the identification of contact allergens. We have now examined the suitability of hexyl cinnamic aldehyde (HCA), a recommended positive control for skin sensitization testing, as a calibrant for comparing the consistency of LLNA responses with time, and between laboratories, and thus for the routine assessment of assay reliability. Standard LLNAs were performed with CBA strain mice in 3 independent laboratories over a period of 8 years. Dose‐response curves were used to derive mathematically the EC3 value (the estimated concentration of chemical necessary to cause a stimulation index (SI) of 3 compared with proliferation induced by concurrent vehicle controls). In each laboratory, 6 separate experiments were conducted using a single concentration of HCA (25%). Very similar stimulation indices were achieved, with mean values of 9.0, 6.5 and 6.6 recorded. A total of 10 dose‐response experiments were performed independently in the 3 laboratories and these revealed that there was very little inter‐laboratory, or temporal, variation in EC3 values. These data confirm that HCA responses in the LLNA are very stable and demonstrate that HCA provides a suitable calibrant for determining assay sensitivity and performance.
Regulation of inhibin production in the human male and its clinical applications
Authors: Anderson R.A , Sharpe R.M
Published: July 2002

Investigation of the regulation of testicular function has been enhanced by the ability to measure the dimeric, biologically active form of inhibin in men, inhibin B. This has allowed the demonstration that inhibin B is the afferent arm of the feedback loop from the testis that regulates FSH secretion, and investigation of inhibin B levels during reproductive development and in a variety of physiological and pathological states. Such studies have demonstrated many primary aspects of the relationship between FSH, testicular function (and in particular spermatogenesis) and inhibin B levels in blood, though many more specific questions remain. These include the precise nature of the relationship between inhibin B secretion and Sertoli cell function and how this relationship is influenced by the germ cell types present in the testis and by overall sperm production. When such information becomes available it will allow more accurate interpretation of blood concentrations of inhibin B. Similarly, apical secretion of inhibin B into seminal plasma may have considerable value in aiding assessment of the status of the seminiferous epithelium. Finally, neonatal secretion of inhibin B as a measure of Sertoli cell number and/or as a predictor of adult reproductive function offers novel possibilities for assessment and intervention.
Rizatriptan 5 mg for the Acute Treatment of Migraine in Adolescents: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Study
Authors: Winner Paul , Lewis Donald , Visser W. Hester , Jiang Kaihong , Ahrens Suzanne , Evans Judith K. , On Behalf Of The Rizatriptan Adolescent Study Group
Published: July 2002

Objective.—To investigate the tolerability and efficacy of rizatriptan 5 mg in adolescent migraineurs.

Methods.—Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study. Patients aged 12 to 17 years received rizatriptan 5 mg (n=149) or placebo (n=147) for a moderate or severe headache and for up to two recurrences. Headache severity, presence or absence of associated symptoms, and functional disability were assessed over a 4‐hour postdose period, and any adverse events were recorded. The primary efficacy measure was pain‐free status at 2 hours postdose.

Results.—Rizatriptan 5 mg was well tolerated. The most commonly reported adverse events (all with incidence of 5% or less) among patients receiving rizatriptan were dry mouth, dizziness, asthenia/fatigue, nausea, and somnolence. The percentage of patients pain‐free at 2 hours was 32% for rizatriptan 5 mg versus 28% for placebo (P=.474). The percentage of patients with pain relief (reduction of predose pain intensity to mild or none) at 2 hours was 66% for rizatriptan versus 56% for placebo (P=.079). Placebo response rates were higher than those typically observed in previous studies of rizatriptan in adults. Compared with placebo, rizatriptan significantly improved functional disability at 1.5 and 2 hours, and nausea at 1 and 1.5 hours. Post hoc analysis showed a significant benefit of rizatriptan versus placebo in the percentage of patients who had pain relief when their migraine attacks were treated on weekends (65% versus 36%, P=.046) compared with weekdays (66% versus 61%, P=.365), and the weekend placebo response rate was similar to that seen in adults.

Conclusions.—Rizatriptan 5 mg was well tolerated and effective on some measures when used in adolescents for the treatment of a migraine attack.
Seizures in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Sokić Dragoslav V. , Stojsavljević Nebojša , Drulović Jelena , Dujmović Irena , Mesaroš Šarlota , Ercegovac Marko , Perić Vesna , Dragutinović Gradimir , Lević Zvonimir
Published: July 2002

Summary:  Purpose: In patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), epileptic seizures occur more frequently than in the general population. The aim of this study was to analyze clinical characteristics of epilepsy in patients with MS, potential correlation between the semiology of seizures, EEG and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in these patients, as well as to examine the response to anticonvulsant therapy.

Methods: In a series of 268 consecutive patients with definite MS hospitalized at the Institute of Neurology, Belgrade, we identified 20 (7.5%) patients with seizures or epilepsy. All patients with seizures or epilepsy were submitted to standard EEG and brain MRI with gadopentetate dimeglumine.

Results: In four patients, epilepsy occurred 1–5 years before other clinical manifestations of MS. Eight patients had seizures only during MS relapses (provoked seizures). In two of them, seizures were the only manifestations of relapse. In 12 patients, seizures occurred regardless of the phase of MS (chronic epilepsy). In the majority of patients, seizures were partial with secondary generalization. Five patients experienced episodes of status epilepticus, and they all had dementia. Abnormal EEG pattern was found in 11 patients. Brain MRI disclosed cortical–subcortical lesions in nine patients and focal cortical atrophy in one, whereas in the remaining patients, findings were inconclusive. Probable EEG–MRI–seizure type correlation existed in 10 patients.

Conclusions: Our data suggest that epilepsy may represent an initial symptom of MS and a single clinical manifestation of a relapse, and further support the assumption of the existing correlation between the presence of cortical–subcortical lesions and epileptic seizures or epilepsy in patients with MS.
As-deposited high T
c and J
c superconducting thin films made at low temperatures
Authors: Inam A. , Hegde M. S. , Wu X. D. , Venkatesan T. , England P. , Miceli P. F. , Chase E. W. , Chang C. C. , Tarascon J. M. , Wachtman J. B.
Published: July 2002

2000 Å as-deposited high Tc superconducting Y1Ba2Cu3O7−x films with zero-resistance temperatures of ∼89 K and critical current densities about 0.7×106 A/cm2 at 77 K have been reproducibly fabricated at a substrate holder temperature of 650 °C, using pulsed laser deposition, with no post-annealing. One key to these results is the injection of gaseous oxygen into the laser-produced plume just in front of the target. In this way, the correct amount of oxygen is incorporated into the as-grown film so that post-deposition treatment becomes unnecessary. The in situ growth of such high Tc and Jc films is an important step in the use of the laser deposition technique to fabricate multilayer structures such as Josephson junctions.
Photoluminescence variations associated with the deposition of palladium electrical contacts on detector-grade mercuric iodide
Authors: Wong D. , Bao X. J. , Schlesinger T. E. , James R. B. , Cheng A. , Ortale C. , van den Berg L.
Published: July 2002

Specimens of mercuric iodide with evaporated semitransparent palladium contacts have been studied using low-temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy. Distinct differences were found between spectra taken from beneath the Pd contacts and those taken from regions on the HgI2 sample that were masked during the Pd deposition, indicating that contact fabrication can change the defect structure near the contact/substrate interface. Comparison of the spectra from spots beneath the contacts with spectra from bulk material specimens and HgI2 detectors graded in terms of their nuclear detection performance suggests that the processing steps used to deposit electrical contacts and the choice of contact material may have a significant influence on detector performance.
High T
c superconducting thin films by rapid thermal annealing of Cu/BaO/Y2O3 layered structures
Authors: Ma Q. Y. , Licata T. J. , Wu X. , Yang E. S. , Chang Chin-An
Published: July 2002

Superconducting thin films of YBaCuO have been formed using rapid thermal annealing of Cu/BaO/Y2 O3 layered structures, which were deposited on MgO substrates by electron beam evaporation. The best film has an onset temperature of 94 K and zero resistance at 84 K. The dependence of the film characteristics and superconducting transition temperature on the annealing conditions has been studied. Auger depth profiling was used to examine the interdiffusion between the film and the MgO substrate.
Microwave detection and mixing in Y-Ba-Cu-O thin films at liquid-nitrogen temperatures
Authors: Konopka Janusz , Sobolewski Roman , Konopka Anna , Lewandowski Stanisl/aw J.
Published: July 2002

Microwave properties of an Y-Ba-Cu-O microstrip detector have been studied at 24 GHz frequency band at the liquid-nitrogen temperature. The amplitude of the video detection signal was found to be proportional to the incident microwave power. Direct mixing action was also demonstrated, setting the upper limit for the film response time as short as 40 ps. Occurrence of microwave mixing in the absence of dc current bias was observed, suggesting the presence of the inverse Josephson effect. Physical properties of the detector response were very similar to the enhanced mode of detection, characteristic for granular superconducting films.
New high-rate sputtering-type electron cyclotron resonance microwave plasma using an electric mirror
Authors: Matsuoka Morito , Ono Ken’ichi
Published: July 2002

High-rate sputtering is achieved by means of new electron cyclotron resonance microwave plasma employing sputtering using an electric mirror. This apparatus consists of both planar and cylindrical targets. Microwave power is perpendicularly or obliquely introduced into the resonance chamber. High-density plasma of 1012 cm−3 is generated. The reflected electrons oscillating between the two targets play a major role in generating the dense plasma, i.e., as a beam-plasma interaction. Both insulator and conductor films can be continuously deposited by this sputtering method at high rates under low gas pressures of 10−2 Pa. Al, Mo, and Fe films are deposited at rates above 2000 Å/min.
High-gain lateral hot-electron device
Authors: Palevski A. , Umbach C. P. , Heiblum M.
Published: July 2002

A lateral hot-electron device has been fabricated in a plane of a two-dimensional electron gas. The transfer ratio of the device, α, was studied for different geometrical configurations of the emitter barrier. The maximum transfer ratio was greater than 0.99 at 4.2 K, corresponding to a current gain greater than 100 for devices with base widths of 220 nm. An emission of a single longitudinal optical phonon, by the injected electrons, has been observed.