bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cuidados de enfermagem na prevenção de lesões de pele em recém-nascidos prematuros em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal
Authors: Silva João Felipe Tinto , Jacob Layanne Ramalho , Martins Alaine dos Santos Silva , Almeida Antonia Mylene Sousa , Santos Isabelly Raiane Silva dos , Lima Ilana Darcia Alves de , Barbosa Carlos Eduardo da Silva , Santos Amanda Ferreira de Magalhães , Tomaz Samuel Carlos , Carvalho Neto Cloves de Moraes , Almeida Andréa Gomes de , Fernandes Lorena Stephany Lopes , Lima Edla Nayara da Silva , Carvalho Karolini de Oliveira , Souza Brenda Tayrine Tavares , Gonçalves Nathalie Oliveira , Sousa Geovana Maria Rodrigues de , Bomfim Vitoria Vilas Boas da Silva
Published: July 2021

O presente estudo tem como objetivo realizar um levantamento bibliográfico acerca dos cuidados de enfermagem na prevenção de lesões de pele em recém-nascidos prematuros em unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, a busca ocorreu nas bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), com auxílio das bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF), MEDLINE e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Os artigos foram coletados no período de maio a junho de 2021. Foram utilizando os descritores: Enfermagem, Pele, Recém-nascido prematuro e Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão, restaram 11 estudos. Os cuidados de enfermagem ao recém-nascido prematuro devem ser realizados de maneira contínua e cautelosa, tendo em vista que o RNPT necessita de cuidados especiais e delicados, onde o enfermeiro como profissional da saúde deve sempre buscar estratégias adequadas para realização de um cuidado que influencie diretamente na sua assistência, com vistas a oferecer mais qualidade de vida ao prematuro em UTIN.
Análise da prevalência de polifarmácia e do perfil farmacoterapêutico de idosos adscritos em uma unidade de saúde da família
Authors: Silva Andressa Andrade , Lemos Gisele da Silveira , Souza Tuany Santos
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: analisar a prevalência da polifarmácia e o perfil farmacoterapêutico de idosos adscritos em uma unidade de saúde da família. Métodos: Estudo farmacoepidemiológico transversal, quantitativo, descritivo e analítico, realizado com indivíduos com 60 anos ou mais no município de Lafaiete Coutinho – BA. A associação entre as variáveis foi testada usando a Regressão de Poisson, com cálculo robusto de razões de prevalência (RP) e intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%) e significância p<0,05. Resultados: Participaram 70 idosos; a prevalência da polifarmácia foi de 24,3% e mostrou-se significativamente associada ao uso dos serviços de saúde pelo menos uma vez por ano (RP=1,44; IC=0,29-3,67; p<0,001) ou por mais de duas vezes ao ano (RP=3,43; IC=1,61-7,43; p<0,01); aos idosos que não conhecem a indicação dos seus medicamentos (RP=7,40; IC=1,37-39,89; p=0,02), aos que relataram queixas sobre medicamentos (RP=4,09; IC=0,78-21,42; p=0,04) e aos que necessitam de algum recurso pra lembrar de tomar os seus medicamentos (RP=4,17; IC=0,97-17,94; p=0,05). O fator ajuda para tomar os medicamentos mostrou-se como fator de proteção (RP=0,19; IC=0,03-1,00; p=0,02). Conclusão: A prevalência da polifarmácia foi considerável e sugere a necessidade de uma maior sensibilização por parte dos profissionais de saúde, no que compete ao acompanhamento dos potenciais riscos e benefícios associados, afim de garantir o uso seguro dos medicamentos em regimes de polifarmácia nestes idosos.
Atuação do enfermeiro brasileiro no ambiente escolar: Revisão narrativa
Authors: Bastos Patrícia de Oliveira , Moreira Junior Jose Jader , Norjosa Maria Emanuela Silveira , Vasconcelos Maria Joelma Carneiro , Queiroz Maisa Leitão de
Published: July 2021

Introdução: O contexto escolar representa um espaço estratégico para aquisição de conhecimentos, habilidades, mudanças de comportamento e estilos de vidas, por ser um local em que o educando desenvolve vínculos e permanece, geralmente, por um tempo prolongado. Objetivo: Descrever as evidências de estudos sobre a atuação do enfermeiro brasileiro no ambiente escolar. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura. As buscas foram desenvolvidas entre os meses de abril e maio de 2020, nas bases de dados: Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Banco de Dados em Enfermagem Bibliografia Brasileira (BDEnf) via Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e na literatura cinzenta. Utilizou-se os Descritores de Ciências da Saúde (DeCS) e as palavras-chave relacionadas à temática: Enfermagem escolar, Saúde escolar, Promoção da saúde, School nursing, School health e Health promotion. A análise crítica dos estudos e a síntese dos dados bibliográficos foram realizadas de forma descritiva, agrupados por temas pertinentes ao assunto estudado. Resultados: Os resultados encontrados permitiram apresentar os comentários em três grandes categorias temáticas, sendo essas: A escola como ambiente de intervenção do enfermeiro para formação integral e saudável; A significativa contribuição do enfermeiro no ambiente escolar brasileiro e a Influência da educação e promoção da saúde no ambiente escolar. Considerações finais: Percebeu-se que a atuação do enfermeiro no ambiente escolar é fundamental para o desenvolvimento e crescimento dos alunos e ainda a promoção da saúde de todos os atores envolvidos no ambiente escolar.
Prevalência de disfunções sexuais no puerpério de parto cesáreo
Authors: Baratella Thayna Maria Praia , Quiros Ana Carolina Silva , Veras Maria Eduarda Siqueira , Alves Jamile Maria Souza , Silva Thaynan Santos da , Barros Marina de Lima Neves , Uchôa Erica Patrícia Borba Lira , Carvalho Valéria Conceição Passos de
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Descrever a prevalência de disfunções sexuais no puerpério de parto Cesário. Metodologia: Estudo do tipo observacional descritivo, o tamanho da amostra foi de 30 puérperas. Sendo desenvolvido de forma digital, através de um formulário criado no Google Forms de outubro de 2020 a abril de 2021. A primeira etapa contou com o preenchimento dos dados sociodemográficos no formulário e em seguida aplicação do Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), um autorrelato com 19 itens que abrange seis domínios sexuais (desejo, excitação, lubrificação, orgasmo, satisfação e dor), nas últimas quatro semanas, a paciente seleciona uma das respostas que mais lhe representa, a alternativa 0 indica que não teve relação sexual e as outras variam de 1 a 5. O somatório final reúne as respostas de todos os domínios.  A análise estatística foi descritiva. Resultados: Dentre as voluntárias, 80% da população possui faixa etária entre 19-29 anos de idade e 43,3% das mulheres são casadas, 53,3% das mulheres concluíram o ensino superior. 70% da amostra esteve grávida apenas 1 vez e 76,6% realizaram apenas 1 cesárea até o momento da pesquisa. Em relação ao desejo, 36,7% das mulheres relataram sentir desejo ou interesse sexual poucas vezes. Quando se questiona sobre a satisfação sexual, 53,3% relataram estar muito satisfeitas com a intensidade de intimidade emocional com seu parceiro. Conclusão: O presente estudo evidenciou que as mulheres participantes da pesquisa que estavam no puerpério de parto Cesáreo não apresentaram uma DSF e sim uma alteração moderada na atividade sexual.
Examinando o fenômeno da corrupção no mundo: Um olhar sobre os fatores que interferem na percepção da corrupção
Authors: Oliveira Eliã Pereira de , Santos João Alberto Neves dos , Cosenza José Paulo , Neves Samantha Fernandes Milczaznowski
Published: July 2021

O objetivo do artigo é identificar quais variáveis podem influenciar nos Índices de Percepção da Corrupção dos países, por meio de uma análise da atuação simultânea de variáveis relacionadas aos fatores social, político, jurídico e econômico. A metodologia da pesquisa compreende então a construção de um modelo de regressão linear múltipla, representativo da relação entre os Índices de Percepção da Corrupção dos países e conjunto de variáveis analisadas. Para a coleta de dados, informações disponibilizadas por vários sítios de internet internacionais (Transparency International, NationMaster database, World Bank, Fraser Institute of Economics, Freedom House and the United Nations) foram acessadas, a partir das quais criou-se um banco de dados para a realização da análise de regressão linear múltipla, seguindo os pressupostos desta técnica e, considerando uma modelagem com quatro hipóteses. Os resultados encontrados apontaram que, ao serem analisadas simultaneamente, as variáveis estaticamente significantes do modelo (p-value<=10) estão relacionadas aos fatores: i) político (Liberdade Civil e Direitos Políticos), ii) social (Educação e Renda Nacional Bruta Per Capita) e iii) jurídico (Imparcialidade do Júri e Integridade do Sistema Jurídico). Quanto as variáveis relacionadas ao fator econômico, não foram encontradas evidências estatísticas (p-value>0,10) de que as mesmas influenciem nos Índices de Percepção da Corrupção. A pesquisa aqui abordada auxilia os formuladores de políticas públicas dos países na concepção de políticas públicas que visem influenciar, de forma positiva, no Índice de Percepção da Corrupção destes.
Comparison of minimally invasive surfactant therapy with intubation surfactant administration and extubation for treating preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Sabzehei Mohammad Kazem , Basiri Behnaz , Shokouhi Maryam , Ghahremani Sajad , Moradi Ali
Published: July 2021

Background: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a common cause of hospitalization and death in preterm infants who require surfactant treatment and respiratory support.Purpose: This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of minimally invasive surfactant therapy (MIST) and the INtubation, SURfactant administration, and Extubation (INSURE) technique in preterm infants with RDS.Methods: In this clinical trial, 112 preterm infants born at 28–36 weeks of gestation and diagnosed with RDS randomly received 200-mg/kg surfactant by MIST or the INSURE method. In the MIST group, surfactant was administered using a thin catheter (5F feeding tube); in the INSURE group, surfactant was administered after intubation using a feeding tube and the tracheal tube was removed after positive pressure ventilation was started. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure was applied in both groups for respiratory support and the postprocedure clinical outcomes were compared.Results: The mean hospitalization time was shorter for infants in the MIST group than for those in the INSURE group (9.19± 1.72 days vs. 10.21±2.15 days, P=0.006). Patent ductus arteriosus was less frequent in the MIST group (14.3% vs. 30.4%, P=0.041). Desaturation during surfactant administration occurred less commonly in the MIST group (19.6% vs. 39.3%, P=0.023). There were no significant intergroup differences in other early or late complications.Conclusion: These results suggest that surfactant administration using MIST could be a good replacement for INSURE in preterm infants with RDS since its use reduced the hospitalization time and the number of side effects.
C-Reactive Protein, Chemerin, Fetuin-A and Osteopontin as Predictors of Cardiovascular Risks in Persons With Psoriasis Vulgaris
Authors: BORSKY P , FIALA Z , ANDRYS C , BERANEK M , HAMAKOVA K , KREMLACEK J , MALKOVA A , SVADLAKOVA T , KREJSEK J , PALICKA V , REHACEK V , KOTINGOVA L , BORSKA L
Published: July 2021

The study aimed to contribute to understanding the role of CRP, chemerin, fetuin-A and osteopontin and to assess their suitability as biomarkers of early stages of cardiovascular diseases in psoriasis vulgaris. Serum levels measured in 28 patients and 22 controls. Patients: increased levels of CRP (p<0.001), chemerin (p<0.05), osteopontin (p<0.05) and decreased levels of fetuin-A (p<0.05), significant relationships between CRP and fetuin-A (rho=0.530, p<0.01), CRP and chemerin (rho=0.543, p<0.01), CRP and age (rho=0.590, p<0.001), osteopontin and fetuin-A (r=-0.415, p<0.05), chemerin and PASI score
(rho=-0.424, p<0.05). We confirmed specific roles of the biomarkers in psoriasis. CRP, fetuin-A and osteopontin could be considered appropriate markers for the detection of early stages of cardiovascular diseases.
Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 Channel: An Evolutionarily Tuned Thermosensor
Authors: SINICA V , VLACHOVÁ V
Published: July 2021

The discovery of the role of the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel as a polymodal detector of cold and pain-producing stimuli almost two decades ago catalyzed the consequent identification of various vertebrate and invertebrate orthologues. In different species, the role of TRPA1 has been implicated in numerous physiological functions, indicating that the molecular structure of the channel exhibits evolutionary flexibility. Until very recently, information about the critical elements of the temperature-sensing molecular machinery of thermosensitive ion channels such as TRPA1 had lagged far behind information obtained from mutational and functional analysis. Current developments in single-particle cryo-electron microscopy are revealing precisely how the thermosensitive channels operate, how they might be targeted with drugs, and at which sites they can be critically regulated by membrane lipids. This means that it is now possible to resolve a huge number of very important pharmacological, biophysical and physiological questions in a way we have never had before. In this review, we aim at providing some of the recent knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying the temperature sensitivity of TRPA1. We also demonstrate how the search for differences in temperature and chemical sensitivity between human and mouse TRPA1 orthologues can be a useful approach to identifying important domains with a key role in channel activation.
Game Studies, Next Level? Nuevos horizontes para una disciplina emergente
Authors: Gómez-García Salvador , De la Hera Teresa , Cuadrado-Alvarado Alfonso
Published: July 2021

Tras fraguarse durante las últimas décadas, la disciplina de Game Studies ha concluido su fundamentación teórica y metodológica y ha desarrollado un interés institucional por parte de académicos de todo el mundo. Este número temático de la revista index.comunicación presenta una recopilación de estudios relacionados con la disciplina de Game Studies, llevados a cabo en el ámbito español y centrados en la exploración de líneas de futuro de una disciplina heterogénea y transversal. En concreto, se pone el foco en rasgos de las particularidades narrativas del juego, su potencial persuasivo y su influencia social. El principal objetivo de este especial es consolidar un punto de reflexión de la investigación de presente y de futuro sobre los Game Studies.
modelo de análisis político comparado para videojuegos de simulación de gobierno. Estudio de caso con 'Frostpunk', 'Tropico IV' y 'Civilization V'
Authors: Moreno Azqueta Carlos
Published: July 2021

En este artículo se presenta un modelo de análisis comparativo a gran escala para videojuegos en los que el jugador gestiona el desarrollo de una comunidad política, que llamaremos «simuladores de gobierno». El modelo, construido sobre literatura de ciencia política y otros modelos analíticos de videojuegos, usa un conjunto de variables operacionalizadas para sintetizar los componentes del sistema político representados en los juegos, así como la estructura de objetivos y elementos que orientan la acción del jugador, para finalmente compararlos con un conjunto de variables independientes. Pondremos a prueba el modelo aplicándolo a tres famosos simuladores de gobierno que han recibido notable atención académica (Civilization V, Tropico IV y Frostpunk), para finalmente discutir sus ventajas y límites.
WEAKLY LOCALLY ARTINIAN SUPPLEMENTED MODULES
Authors: NİŞANCI TÜRKMEN Burcu
Published: July 2021

In this study, by using the concept of locally artinian supplemented modules, we have obtained that weakly locally artinian supplemented modules as a proper generalization of these modules in module theory. Our results generalize and extend various comparable results in the existing literature. We have proved that a notion of weakly locally artinian supplemented modules inherited by factor modules, finite sums and small covers. We have obtained that weakly locally artinian supplemented modules with small radical coincide with weakly (radical) supplemented modules which have locally artinian radical. Also, we have shown that if $N$ and $\frac{M}{N}$ are weakly locally artinian supplemented for some submodule $N\subseteq M$ which has a weak locally artinian supplement in $M$ then $M$ is weakly locally artinian supplemented.
Regulatory Issues of the Accounting Procedure for Civil R&D
Authors: Maydannik Olga , Gaponenko Mikhail , Salieva Roza
Published: July 2021

Introduction. The issues of legal regulation of the accounting procedure for scientific research, experimental design and technological work for civil purposes (hereinafter — R&D, work) plays an important role in the implementation of governmental science & technological policy. Such accounting not only stimulates the identification and registration of rights to the results of intellectual activity (hereinafter referred to as RIA) created during the work — it also contributes to improving the quality of rights management for such RIAs, their commercialisation and their wider involvement in civil law turnover. It also creates conditions for accessing the effectiveness of budgetary expenditures for such work. In addition, the system for recording the results of R&D for civil purposes simplifies the implementation and administration of tax benefits associated with their performance. The aim of this study is to monitor current legislation for regulating civil R&D accounting procedures and to identify its shortcomings in order to determine further measures for improvement. Methods. The analytical research methods employed include systemic, structural, functional, specific and sociological, formal and legal, as well as technical and legal methods along with methods for interpreting legal rules. Results. The procedure for state registration of civil R&D projects carried out with federal budgetary funding is regulated by a set of regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation. The technical basis for accounting is the state information system for recording scientific research results, experimental design and technological work for civil purposes (hereinafter referred to as the System). This system is accessible online. A list of accounting objects, forms of sending information for accounting and the procedure for interacting with customers and project executioners from the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia in the implementation of accounting have been established. The information contained in the System is publicly available, excluding certain types of information outlined by Russian law. Over the course of this research, we have identified and noted several shortcomings to legal regulations of the examined sphere of relations: there were some contradictions between individual regulatory documents. Measures to eliminate these shortcomings can further improve the legal frameworks governing this area of public relations. Conclusion. The materials collected as part of the monitoring effort enabled us to compile a holistic picture of the legal regulatory framework governing the accounting system for civil R&D results. The findings of this study can be used to optimise a public administration system taking into account scientific and technical activity results.
Systems of Socio-Humanitarian Expertise in Technoscience: Global Experience in Review
Authors: Aseeva Irina
Published: July 2021

Introduction. This article is dedicated to the highly relevant philosophical and methodological problem of organising effective social oversight for developing and implementation innovative technoscientific projects. The fundamental transformations that science has induced in matters of production and its associated technological/socio-administrative functions have made this topic all the more relevant, to the detriment of its humanistic component. The intensive expansion of technosciences into all spheres of human existence accentuates the risks typically associated with it. The nature of the technoscience thus requires transdisciplinary comprehension and reorientation towards traditional human values — those of truth and common good. An effective mechanism for social reflection on the achievements of technoscience falls under the purview of socio-humanitarian expertise. This expertise dictates that we must attract not only the elite scientific community but also social institutions, public organisations and broad masses of volunteers — non-professional experts who possess the ability for creative self-organisation and can provide useful insights. Methods. We have employed comparative analytical methods of real experiences to establish the relevance of the main provisions of the Russian socio-humanitarian expertise to foreign approaches and programmes, such as Responsible Research and Innovation, Social Assessment of Technology, among others, defining the ethically acceptable contours of modern technoscience. Results and Discussion. To accomplish this task, we researched American, Western European and Russian philosophers of science and technology and the empirical materials of domestic and foreign sociology of science, in which the results of public reflection on techno-scientific achievements are recorded. We also analysed opinion polls and expert interviews on the problems of socio-humanitarian expertise. Conclusion. Based on an analysis of studies devoted to the ethical aspects of modern technoscience, gaps and shortcomings of the existing methods and techniques of socio-humanitarian expertise are identified, and examples of successful communication between science and society are demonstrated in order to increase social trust in modern technoscience and reduce potential risks.
Sensitivity of a High-Speed Rail Development on Supply Chain and Logistics via Air-Rail-Road Freight Transportation
Authors: Liu Rucheng , Stefanovich Anton , Kaewunruen Sakdirat
Published: July 2021

The casual effect and synergy of high-speed rail development on the modal transport changes in supply chain and logistics have not been considered well during the initial phase of any rail project design and development. This has impaired the systems integration and connectivity among the modes of transport in a region. In the United Kingdom, High Speed 2, a large-scale railway project with a planned completion date in 2033, affects many transport stakeholders. The project influences the existing transport systems, but the transport systems integration design has not been well depicted, resulting in a pressing concern on systems connectivity and social value. This is evident by many public protests along the planned route of the project. Therefore, it is important to evaluate different aspects for any possible changes in supply chains caused by the development of high-speed rail networks. This paper is the world's first to provide the sensitivity analysis of supply chains via air-rail-road freight transportation and logistics stemming from the High Speed 2 case by the rigorous assessments into the capacity, performance and environmental changes that may follow the project’s implementation. The research proposes a new method for estimation of consequences from a new transport project construction. The research findings demonstrate slight beneficial changes in freight transportation and logistics with a high potential for development; and reveal the project’s weaknesses and opportunities for better systems integration and business synergy.
Pre-mRNA Processing Factors and Retinitis Pigmentosa: RNA Splicing and Beyond
Authors: Yang Chunbo , Georgiou Maria , Atkinson Robert , Collin Joseph , Al-Aama Jumana , Nagaraja-Grellscheid Sushma , Johnson Colin , Ali Robin , Armstrong Lyle , Mozaffari-Jovin Sina , Lako Majlinda
Published: July 2021

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is the most common inherited retinal disease characterized by progressive degeneration of photoreceptors and/or retinal pigment epithelium that eventually results in blindness. Mutations in pre-mRNA processing factors (PRPF3, 4, 6, 8, 31, SNRNP200, and RP9) have been linked to 15–20% of autosomal dominant RP (adRP) cases. Current evidence indicates that PRPF mutations cause retinal specific global spliceosome dysregulation, leading to mis-splicing of numerous genes that are involved in a variety of retina-specific functions and/or general biological processes, including phototransduction, retinol metabolism, photoreceptor disk morphogenesis, retinal cell polarity, ciliogenesis, cytoskeleton and tight junction organization, waste disposal, inflammation, and apoptosis. Importantly, additional PRPF functions beyond RNA splicing have been documented recently, suggesting a more complex mechanism underlying PRPF-RPs driven disease pathogenesis. The current review focuses on the key RP-PRPF genes, depicting the current understanding of their roles in RNA splicing, impact of their mutations on retinal cell’s transcriptome and phenome, discussed in the context of model species including yeast, zebrafish, and mice. Importantly, information on PRPF functions beyond RNA splicing are discussed, aiming at a holistic investigation of PRPF-RP pathogenesis. Finally, work performed in human patient-specific lab models and developing gene and cell-based replacement therapies for the treatment of PRPF-RPs are thoroughly discussed to allow the reader to get a deeper understanding of the disease mechanisms, which we believe will facilitate the establishment of novel and better therapeutic strategies for PRPF-RP patients.
gQuant, an Automated Tool for Quantitative Glycomic Data Analysis
Authors: Huang Jiangming , Jiang Biyun , Liu Mingqi , Yang Pengyuan , Cao Weiqian
Published: July 2021

MALDI-MS-based glycan isotope labeling methods have been effectively and widely used for quantitative glycomics. However, interpretation of the data produced by MALDI-MS is inaccurate and tedious because the bioinformatic tools are inadequate. In this work, we present gQuant, an automated tool for MALDI-MS-based glycan isotope labeling data processing. gQuant was designed with a set of dedicated algorithms to improve the efficiency, accuracy and convenience of quantitation data processing. When tested on the reference data set, gQuant showed a fast processing speed, as it was able to search the glycan data of model glycoproteins in a few minutes and reported more results than the manual analysis did. The reported quantitation ratios matched well with the experimental glycan mixture ratios ranging from 1:10 to 10:1. In addition, gQuant is fully open-source and is coded in Python, which is supported by most operating systems, and it has a user-friendly interface. gQuant can be easily adapted by users for specific experimental designs, such as specific glycan databases, different derivatization types and relative quantitation designs and can thus facilitate fast glycomic quantitation for clinical sample analysis using MALDI-MS-based stable isotope labeling.
Exploiting Peptide Self-Assembly for the Development of Minimalistic Viral Mimetics
Authors: Janković Patrizia , Šantek Iva , Pina Ana Sofia , Kalafatovic Daniela
Published: July 2021

Viruses are natural supramolecular nanostructures that form spontaneously by molecular self-assembly of complex biomolecules. Peptide self-assembly is a versatile tool that allows mimicking viruses by creating their simplified versions through the design of functional, supramolecular materials with modularity, tunability, and responsiveness to chemical and physical stimuli. The main challenge in the design and fabrication of peptide materials is related to the precise control between the peptide sequence and its resulting supramolecular morphology. We provide an overview of existing sequence patterns employed for the development of spherical and fibrillar peptide assemblies that can act as viral mimetics, offering the opportunity to tackle the challenges of viral infections.
Supercritical CO2 Synthesis of Freestanding Se1-xSx Foamy Cathodes for High-Performance Li-Se1-xSx Battery
Authors: Lu Chengwei , Fang Ruyi , Wang Kun , Xiao Zhen , kumar G. Gnana , Gan Yongping , He Xinping , Huang Hui , Zhang Wenkui , Xia Yang
Published: July 2021

Selenium-sulfur solid solutions (Se1-xSx) are considered to be a new class of promising cathodic materials for high-performance rechargeable lithium batteries owing to their superior electric conductivity than S and higher theoretical specific capacity than Se. In this work, high-performance Li-Se1-xSx batteries employed freestanding cathodes by encapsulating Se1-xSx in a N-doped carbon framework with three-dimensional (3D) interconnected porous structure (NC@SWCNTs) are proposed. Se1-xSx is uniformly dispersed in 3D porous carbon matrix with the assistance of supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) technique. Impressively, NC@SWCNTs host not only provides spatial confinement for Se1-xSx and efficient physical/chemical adsorption of intermediates, but also offers a highly conductive framework to facilitate ion/electron transport. More importantly, the Se/S ratio of Se1-xSx plays an important role on the electrochemical performance of Li- Se1-xSx batteries. Benefiting from the rationally designed structure and chemical composition, NC@SWCNTs@Se0.2S0.8 cathode exhibits excellent cyclic stability (632 mA h g−1 at 200 cycle at 0.2 A g−1) and superior rate capability (415 mA h g−1 at 2.0 A g−1) in carbonate-based electrolyte. This novel NC@SWCNTs@Se0.2S0.8 cathode not only introduces a new strategy to design high-performance cathodes, but also provides a new approach to fabricate freestanding cathodes towards practical applications of high-energy-density rechargeable batteries.
Indigenous Publicity in American Public Lands Controversies: Environmental Participation in the Fight for Bears Ears National Monument
Authors: Johnson Taylor N.
Published: July 2021

Environmental decision-making scholars have attended closely to the role of publics and counterpublics in environmental controversies. However, this body of work has undertheorized the ways that Indigeneity may complicate access to or desirability of American publicity as a driving force in environmental advocacy. Inclusion within the American national body both functions as an advocacy tool for Native people and as a colonial discourse that may undermine sovereignty goals. Through a critical rhetorical analysis of documents at the center of the controversy over Bears Ears National Monument, this essay explicates the deployment of American publicity both to support and to undermine Native advocacy for the Monument. Scholars of rhetoric and environmental decision-making must re-orient toward publicity in a way that accounts for settler colonialism and decolonization.
SUMOylation as a Therapeutic Target for Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Zhao Wei , Zhang Xiuying , Rong Jianhui
Published: July 2021

Myocardial infarction is a prevalent and life-threatening cardiovascular disease. The main goal of existing interventional therapies is to restore coronary reperfusion while few are designed to ameliorate the pathology of heart diseases via targeting the post-translational modifications of those critical proteins. Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins are recently discovered to form a new type of protein post-translational modifications (PTM), known as SUMOylation. SUMOylation and deSUMOylation are dynamically balanced in the maintenance of various biological processes including cell division, DNA repair, epigenetic transcriptional regulation, and cellular metabolism. Importantly, SUMOylation plays a critical role in the regulation of cardiac functions and the pathology of cardiovascular diseases, especially in heart failure and myocardial infarction. This review summarizes the current understanding on the effects of SUMOylation and SUMOylated proteins in the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction and identifies the potential treatments against myocardial injury via targeting SUMO. Ultimately, this review recommends SUMOylation as a key therapeutic target for treating cardiovascular diseases.
Cultivating Graduate STEM Pathways: How Alliance-Based STEM Enrichment Programs Broker Opportunity for Students of Color
Authors: Garcia Ariana L. , Lane Tonisha B. , Rincón Blanca E.
Published: July 2021

To understand how higher education institutionsbrokergraduate opportunities for Students of Color (SOCs) in STEM, we employ a single case study of a Louis Stokes Alliance for Minority Participation (LSAMP) alliance. Drawing primarily from student interviews and informed bySmall’s (2006)organizational brokerage theory, our findings illuminate how 1) alliance-based STEM enrichment programs (SEPs) bridge social capitalviainterorganizational networks and 2) how SEP instability creates barriers to building the trust that is central to the brokerage process. We conclude with recommendations for future research and practice.
Perfluoroalkyl Substance Exposure and the BDNF Pathway in the Placental Trophoblast
Authors: Marchese Melissa J. , Li Shuman , Liu Bin , Zhang Jun J. , Feng Liping
Published: July 2021

Background

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent organic pollutants that have become globally ubiquitous in humans and the environment. In utero PFAS exposure is associated with neurodevelopmental effects; however, the mechanism is poorly understood. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling is critical to fetal neurodevelopment during pregnancy and maintains important regulatory roles later in life. This study aims to characterize placental BDNF signaling and investigate whether PFAS exposure disrupts the signaling pathway in placental trophoblast cells.

Methods

The expression and localization of BDNF receptors–p75NTR and TrkB–in first trimester and term human placentas and trophoblast cells were investigated by immunofluorescence staining. To assess the effects of PFAS exposure on the BDNF pathway, BeWo cells were treated with PFAS mixtures that mimicked blood levels in a highly exposed population and major PFAS compounds in the mixture at 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 µM concentrations. Changes in pro-BDNF levels and phosphorylation of TrkB receptors were examined by Western blot.

Results

In first trimester human placentas, TrkB and p75NTR receptors were primarily localized to syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast cells. At term, TrkB and p75NTR receptors were primarily observed in the placental villous stroma. TrkB receptor staining in trophoblasts was reduced at term, while p75NTR receptor staining was negative. TrkB receptors were confined to the nuclear and perinuclear spaces, and phosphorylation occurred at the Tyr816 residue in BeWo cells. Exposure to PFOS, PFOA, PFBS, and the six-PFAS mixture did not significantly affect BDNF levels or activation (phosphorylation) of TrkB. Treating cells with 1 μM and 10 μM of PFNA resulted in increased TrkB phosphorylation compared to unexposed controls, but BDNF levels were unchanged.

Conclusions

BDNF receptors are present in different regions of human placental villi, indicating diverse functions of BDNF signaling in placental development. Our findings suggest that the BDNF pathway in placental trophoblast cells is not disrupted by exposures to PFOS, PFOA, PFBS, and a PFAS mixture, but may be affected by PFNA exposures. Further investigation is needed on how PFAS affects other critical signaling pathways during fetal neurodevelopment.
Predictive Value of Free Triiodothyronine to Free Thyroxine Ratio in Euthyroid Patients With Myocardial Infarction With Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries
Authors: Gao Side , Ma Wenjian , Huang Sizhuang , Lin Xuze , Yu Mengyue
Published: July 2021

Background

Thyroid function is closely involved in cardiovascular diseases. The free triiodothyronine (fT3) to free thyroxine (fT4) ratio has been reported as a risk factor for coronary artery disease, but its prognostic value in euthyroid patients with myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) remains unclear.

Methods

A total of 1162 euthyroid patients with MINOCA were enrolled and divided according to decreased tertiles of fT3/fT4 ratio. The study endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including all-cause death, nonfatal MI, nonfatal stroke, revascularization, and hospitalization for unstable angina or heart failure. Kaplan-Meier, Cox regression, and receiver-operating characteristic analyses were performed.

Results

Patients with lower fT3/fT4 tertile levels had a significantly higher incidence of MACE (10.0%, 13.9%, 18.2%; p=0.005) over the median follow-up of 41.7 months. The risk of MACE increased with the decreasing fT3/fT4 tertiles even after multivariate adjustment (tertile1 as reference, tertile2: HR 1.58, 95% CI: 1.05-2.39, p=0.030; tertile3: HR 2.06, 95% CI: 1.17-3.11, p=0.006). Lower level of fT3/fT4 ratio remained a robust predictor of MACE in overall (HR 1.64, 95% CI: 1.18-2.29, p=0.003) and in subgroups. When adding fT3/fT4 ratio [area under the curve (AUC) 0.61] into the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) risk score (AUC 0.69), the combined model (AUC 0.74) yielded a significant improvement in discrimination for MACE (ΔAUC 0.05, p=0.023).

Conclusions

Low level of fT3/fT4 ratio was strongly associated with a poor prognosis in euthyroid patients with MINOCA. Routine assessment of fT3/fT4 ratio may facilitate risk stratification in this specific population.
Chloroplast Genome Sequencing, Comparative Analysis, and Discovery of Unique Cytoplasmic Variants in Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)
Authors: Singh Nripendra Vikram , Patil Prakash Goudappa , Sowjanya Roopa P. , Parashuram Shilpa , Natarajan Purushothaman , Babu Karuppannan Dhinesh , Pal Ram Krishna , Sharma Jyotsana , Reddy Umesh K.
Published: July 2021

Here we report on comprehensive chloroplast (cp) genome analysis of 16 pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) genotypes representing commercial cultivars, ornamental and wild types, through large-scale sequencing and assembling using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. Comparative genome analysis revealed that the size of cp genomes varied from 158,593 bp (in wild, “1201” and “1181”) to 158,662 bp (cultivar, “Gul-e-Shah Red”) among the genotypes, with characteristic quadripartite structures separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs). The higher conservation for the total number of coding and non-coding genes (rRNA and tRNA) and their sizes, and IRs (IR-A and IR-B) were observed across all the cp genomes. Interestingly, high variations were observed in sizes of large single copy (LSC, 88,976 to 89,044 bp) and small single copy (SSC, 18,682 to 18,684 bp) regions. Although, the structural organization of newly assembled cp genomes were comparable to that of previously reported cp genomes of pomegranate (“Helow,” “Tunisia,” and “Bhagawa”), the striking differences were observed with the Lagerstroemia lines, viz., Lagerstroemia intermedia (NC_0346620) and Lagerstroemia speciosa (NC_031414), which clearly confirmed previous findings. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis also revealed that members outside the genus Punica were clubbed into a separate clade. The contraction and expansion analysis revealed that the structural variations in IRs, LSC, and SSC have significantly accounted for the evolution of cp genomes of Punica and L. intermedia over the periods. Microsatellite survey across cp genomes resulted in the identification of a total of 233 to 234 SSRs, with majority of them being mono- (A/T or C/G, 164–165 numbers), followed by di- (AT/AT or AG/CT, 54), tri- (6), tetra- (8), and pentanucleotides (1). Furthermore, the comparative structural variant analyses across cp genomes resulted in the identification of many varietal specific SNP/indel markers. In summary, our study has offered a successful development of large-scale cp genomics resources to leverage future genetic, taxonomical, and phylogenetic studies in pomegranate.
Identification of Parkinson’s Disease-Causing Genes via Omics Data
Authors: Cui Xinran , Xu Chen , Zhang Liyuan , Wang Yadong
Published: July 2021

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most frequent neurogenic disease after Alzheimer’s disease. The clinical manifestations include mostly motor disorders, such as bradykinesia, myotonia, and static tremors. Since the cause of this pathological features remain unclear, there is currently no radical treatment for PD. Environmental and genetic factors are thought to contribute to the pathology of PD. To identify the genetic factors, some studies employed the Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) method and detected certain genes closely related to PD. However, the functions of these gene mutants in the development of PD are unknown. Combining GWAS and expression Quantitative Trait Loci (eQTL) analysis, the biological meaning of mutation could be explained to some extent. Therefore, the present investigation used Summary data-based Mendelian Randomization (SMR) analysis to integrate of two PD GWAS datasets and four eQTL datasets with the objective of identifying casual genes. Using this strategy, we found six Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) loci which could cause the development of PD through altering the susceptibility gene expression, and three risk genes: Synuclein Alpha (SNCA), Mitochondrial Poly(A) Polymerase (MTPAP), and RP11-305E6.4. We proved the accuracy of results through case studies and inferred the functions of these genes in PD. Overall, this study provides insights into the genetic mechanism behind PD, which is crucial for the study of the development of this disease and its diagnosis and treatment.
The Importance of Metabolism for Immune Homeostasis in Allergic Diseases
Authors: Rodriguez-Coira Juan , Villaseñor Alma , Izquierdo Elena , Huang Mengting , Barker-Tejeda Tomás Clive , Radzikowska Urszula , Sokolowska Milena , Barber Domingo
Published: July 2021

There is increasing evidence that the metabolic status of T cells and macrophages is associated with severe phenotypes of chronic inflammation, including allergic inflammation. Metabolic changes in immune cells have a crucial role in their inflammatory or regulatory responses. This notion is reinforced by metabolic diseases influencing global energy metabolism, such as diabetes or obesity, which are known risk factors of severity in inflammatory conditions, due to the metabolic-associated inflammation present in these patients. Since several metabolic pathways are closely tied to T cell and macrophage differentiation, a better understanding of metabolic alterations in immune disorders could help to restore and modulate immune cell functions. This link between energy metabolism and inflammation can be studied employing animal, human or cellular models. Analytical approaches rank from classic immunological studies to integrated analysis of metabolomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. This review summarizes the main metabolic pathways of the cells involved in the allergic reaction with a focus on T cells and macrophages and describes different models and platforms of analysis used to study the immune system and its relationship with metabolism.
Home-Based Exercise Training in Childhood-Onset Takayasu Arteritis: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Astley Camilla , Clemente Gleice , Terreri Maria Teresa , Carneiro Camila G. , Lima Marcos S. , Buchpiguel Carlos Alberto , Leão Filho Hilton , de Sá Pinto Ana Lúcia , Silva Clovis Artur , Campos Lucia Maria Arruda , Aikawa Nadia Emi , Gil Saulo , Pereira Rosa Maria Rodrigues , Roschel Hamilton , Gualano Bruno
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Childhood-onset Takayasu Arteritis (c-TA) is a rare, large-vessel vasculitis seen in children that could predisposing patients to a high risk of mortality. Exercise has the potential to improve overall health in several diseases, but evidence remains scant in c-TA. The main objective of this study was to investigate the safety and potential therapeutic effects of exercise in c-TA.

Methods

This was a 12-week, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial, to test the effects of a home-based, exercise intervention vs. standard of care in c-TA patients in remission. The primary outcomes were arterial inflammation, assessed by [18F] FDG- PET/MRI and systemic inflammatory markers. Secondary outcomes included, physical activity levels, functionality, body composition, disease-related parameters, and quality of life.

Results

Thirty-seven patients were assessed for eligibility, which represents the total number of c-TA patients being followed by the three specialized medical ambulatory services in Sao Paulo. After exclusions, fourteen c-TA patients (71.4% females) aged 12-25 years were randomly allocated into exercised (n=5) and non-exercised groups (n=9). Exercise did not exacerbate arterial inflammation. In fact, exercised patients had a reduction in the frequency of vessel segments with severe inflammation, whereas the non-exercised patients had an opposite response (P=0.007). Greater improvements in visceral fat, steps per day, functionality and physical component SF-36 were observed in the exercised patients (P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusions

Exercise is safe and may improve visceral fat, physical activity levels, functionality, and physical component SF-36 in c-TA patients. Thus, exercise arises as a novel, evidence-based intervention to improve general health in c-TA.

Clinical Trial Registration

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03494062?term=NCT03494062&draw=2&rank=1, identifier NCT03494062.
Guardian of the Genome: An Alternative RAG/Transib Co-Evolution Hypothesis for the Origin of V(D)J Recombination
Authors: Yakovenko Iryna , Agronin Jacob , Smith L. Courtney , Oren Matan
Published: July 2021

The appearance of adaptive immunity in jawed vertebrates is termed the immunological ‘Big Bang’ because of the short evolutionary time over which it developed. Underlying it is the recombination activating gene (RAG)-based V(D)J recombination system, which initiates the sequence diversification of the immunoglobulins and lymphocyte antigen receptors. It was convincingly argued that theRAG1andRAG2genes originated from a single transposon. The current dogma postulates that the V(D)J recombination system was established by the split of a primordial vertebrate immune receptor gene into V and J segments by aRAG1/2transposon, in parallel with the domestication of the same transposable element in a separate genomic locus as the RAG recombinase. Here, based on a new interpretation of previously published data, we propose an alternative evolutionary hypothesis suggesting that two different elements, a RAG1/2 transposase and aTransibtransposon invader with RSS-like terminal inverted repeats, co-evolved to work together, resulting in a functional recombination process. This hypothesis offers an alternative understanding of the acquisition of recombinase function by RAGs and the origin of the V(D)J system.