bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in globulin fractions ratio in newborn calves with signs of dyspepsia
Authors:   Ural Federal Agrarian Scientific Research Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Oparina Olga Yu. , Krasnoperov Aleksandr S. , Malkov Sergey V.
Published: January 2022

Ensuring the safety of young farm animals in the early postnatal period is an urgent task for veterinary specialists in industrial animal husbandry. The article considers the dynamics of comparing changes in the ratio of globulin fractions in newborn calves with symptoms of dyspepsia and clinically healthy calves. According to the results of the clinical examination, clinical signs of dyspeptic disorders were registered in 55% of the animals on the 1st and 2nd day of life. After 14 days – in 40% of the total number of examined patients. In calves with dyspepsia in the 1st and 2nd observation periods, representatives of the beneficial microflora, opportunistic and pathogenic microflora were registered as part of the intestinal microbiocenosis. Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and E. coli (with normal enzymatic activity), Staphylococcus, Proteus, E. сoli (hemolytic) and mold fungi of the genus Aspergillus. In the composition of protein fractions of blood serum in these calves on the 1st and 2nd day of life, the percentage of albumin was 1.8 times lower than in clinically healthy calves. In the composition of globulin fractions, the concentration of α-globulins was 30% lower. β- and γ-globulins are higher on average by 43%. On the 14th day, changes in the composition of globulin fractions in animals of both groups had a similar trend. The redistribution in the composition of protein fractions occurred due to an increase in the content of γ-globulins, which are serum immunoglobulins. They are able to localize in the intestinal lumen to counteract infection. Redistribution of the composition of protein fractions occurs as secondary signs in various diseases. Determination of their concentration can give the veterinary specialist grounds for a more complete differential diagnosis.
Equine leptospirosis: results of laboratory control in the Russian Federation
Authors:   Central Scientific and Methodological Veterinary Laboratory, Nurlygayanova Gulnara A. , Belousov Vasiliy , Sharypov Andrey , Zyuzgina Svetlana V. , Devrishova Zelikha S.
Published: January 2022

An analysis of the results of equine leptospirosis diagnostics by methods used in practice in state veterinary laboratories of the Russian Federation (bacteriological, serological (microagglutination reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)), molecular genetic (polymerase chain reaction method) for the period 2018-2020 is presented in the article. The veterinary laboratories of the Russian Federation received 225,582 horses blood serum samples for research on leptospirosis, for which research was carried out in the microagglutination reaction – 1,516,087, in ELISA – 1,039, 12,770 samples reacted positively. The analysis of the reported data for the last three years in the 4-vet form showed that the epizootic situation in equine leptospirosis in the Russian Federation remains difficult. The level of infection of horses with Leptospira averaged 5.7%. In 2020, the largest number of positive responders in microagglutination reaction were detected in 9 regions; among the studied animals, specific leptospirotic antibodies were found from 1.6% to 65.0% of cases. The dominant serogroups of leptospira in horses in the Russian Federation are Icterohaemorrhagiae and Grippotyphosa, up to 34% and 19.7%, respectively. Over the past three years, 1,907 urine samples from horses have been examined by dark-field microscopy; live leptospira have been found in only 1 case. To improve the epizootic situation in horses leptospirosis in Russia, it is necessary to increase the number of bacteriological and molecular biological studies for the timely detection of the causative agent of the disease – L. interrogans. In disadvantaged regions, it is necessary to use antileptospirosis vaccines in accordance with the specific etiological structure of animal leptospirosis, which is relevant for a specific territory.
Digestibility of nutrients of full-fledged compound feed by rabbits in the first quarter of pregnancy
Authors:   Scientific Research Institute of FurBearing Animal Breeding and Rabbit Breeding named after V.A. Afanasyev, Kvartnikova Elizaveta , Kvartnikov Mikhail
Published: January 2022

Basis of the organization of feeding of farm animals is the rationing of nutrients and energy. The latest rabbit feeding standards were reissued unchanged from the 80s of the last century in 2007. To develop new effective feeding standards, there is an urgent need to study the digestibility of nutrients and energy of full-fledged compound feed by pregnant rabbits. The balance experiment on rabbits of the Soviet Chinchilla breed in the first quarter of its pregnancy was carried out in the vivarium and the department of animal husbandry and rabbit breeding of the Scientific Research Institute of Fur Farming and Rabbit Breeding according to the generally accepted method with authors’ modifications. Two (control and experimental) groups of 6 heads each were formed from twelve 9-month-old rabbits. Rabbits received a full-fledged granular compound feed of the same energy value, but with a different ratio of nutrients. As a result of the balance experiment, it was found that the feed consumption in the control and experimental groups was at the same level. The coefficients of digestibility of dry, organic matter, soluble carbohydrates and gross energy are significantly higher in the experimental group. The coefficients of protein and fat digestibility are approximately at the same level in both groups, which indicates their stability and independence from the content in the feed. The lower coefficient of digestibility of mineral substances (ash) in the experimental group is obviously explained by the fact that there is no vitamin-mineral premix in it. And the digestibility of fiber probably depends on its content in the feed, the more fiber, the higher its digestibility coefficient. From the point of view of satisfying the physiological need for nutrients and energy, as well as considerations of economy, the diet of the experimental group is more optimal for rabbits in the first quarter of their life.
ANALYSIS OF HEREDITARY PREDISPOSITION TO MAMMARY GLAND DISEASES IN ANIMALS
Authors:   Federal Rostov Agrarian Scientific Center, Chekrysheva Viktoriya V. , Klimenko Aleksandr I.
Published: January 2022

This article presents data on the study of hereditary predisposition to diseases of the mammary gland in cats. The studies were carried out on the basis of veterinary clinics in the cities of Rostov-on-Don, Novocherkassk, Shakhty for 8 years. In the course of the research, a predisposition to the development of mastitis in cats of various breeds with a history of breast disease in the parents was established. A direct relationship was revealed between the incidence of mastitis in daughters and mothers with a history of breast diseases (86.9%). At the same time, mothers without breast disease in the anamnesis were noted in 13% of cases, with breast infl ammation – 18.5%, with a diagnosis of mastopathy – 23.2%, with breast tumors – in 45.2% of cases. It was also determined that in cats whose mothers did not have a history of breast disease, mastitis of moderate severity is most often recorded (47.4%), a severe course of the disease is slightly less common (37%), a mild course of mastitis is noted in 15.5% of cases. During the research, it was found that in cats whose mothers had a history of breast disease, moderate and severe mastitis is most often noted, 36.2% and 39.9%, respectively. Slightly less often mild mastitis is recorded in such animals – 23.8%. It has been determined that in daughters from mothers with a history of breast diseases, moderate and severe infl ammation of the mammary gland prevails.
Influence of polymorphism of loci associated with reproductive qualities of large horned cattle on immunobiological parameters of carriers
Authors:   Krasnodar Scientific Center for Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Staroselov Mikhail A. , Basova Natalya , Novikova Elena , Skhatum Aminet K. , Novikov Vitaliy V.
Published: January 2022

In the structure of losses in the livestock industry, pathologies of the reproductive organs of cattle occupy a leading place, creating serious problems for motivating business owners to develop animal husbandry. A decrease in the rate of reproduction in animal husbandry is facilitated by the wide spread of symptomatic infertility of cows, one of the main reasons for which is gynecological diseases: metritis, mastitis and ovarian pathologies. As a result of the studies, the authors obtained reliable data indicating that in case of reproduction problems in cows, the platelet level decreases by 32%. The phagocytic capacity in animals with reproductive problems after 120 minutes of incubation is lower than in healthy animals, as is the activity of the microbicidal system of neutrophilic granulocytes, which indicates a lower degree of lysis of microbial cells. The authors studied the effect of the presence of a lethal mutation in the FXI gene on the immunobiological parameters of the Holstein cattle, which are problematic in terms of reproduction, carriers of the major histocompatibility complex gene BoLADRB3 and lethal mutation. In the course of the work, laboratory and clinical studies were carried out on 100 daughters of the bull Athlet 307 (JSC Krasnodarskoe for artificial insemination), a carrier of a lethal mutation in the FXI gene. The authors established the degree of influence of polymorphism of loci associated with the reproductive qualities of the large horned cattle on the immunobiological indices of their carriers in comparison with animals that do not have these loci. The given data are interesting, they should be taken into account when carrying out a survey of the livestock of farms unfavorable for the reproduction of cattle and the development of recreational measures.
O sentido pessoal do trabalho voluntário: uma análise de relatos de voluntários de uma instituição de longa permanência para idosos
Authors: Santos Michelle Aparecida , Leal Zaira Fátima de Rezende Gonzalez
Published: January 2022

O seguinte artigo é fruto de uma dissertação de mestrado a qual se objetivou analisar o sentido pessoal do trabalho voluntário. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo por meio de entrevistas abertas em uma entidade de acolhimento de longa permanência para idosos do Município de Maringá/PR. Foram realizadas entrevistas com seis voluntários, e observamos que os motivos que instigam os sujeitos a realizarem a ação voluntária estão ligados intrinsecamente a questões históricas, culturais e econômicas, que por sua vez são permeadas por contradições, nexos e múltiplas determinações. As categorias de análise levantadas a partir das respostas comuns foram: a empatia; o voluntariado enquanto um espaço de trabalho; o ganho pessoal obtido pelo trabalho voluntário e o voluntariado justificado pela espiritualidade e/ou religiosidade.
ГОРОД КУЗНЕЦК В ВОСПОМИНАНИЯХ ЕГО ЖИТЕЛЕЙ
Authors: Шляхтина Наталья Валерьевна
Published: January 2022

Публикация рукописи «Город Кузнецк в воспоминаниях его жителей», подготовленной жителем Кузнецка, где собраны редкие воспоминания о послереволюционном, довоенном и послевоенном времени церковной жизни города с необходимыми комментариями.
СОВЕТСКАЯ МОДЕЛЬ КОНВЕРТАЦИИ БОГАТСТВА: 1920-1930-е ГОДЫ
Authors: Кириченко Олег Викторович
Published: January 2022

Статья посвящена проблеме конвертации богатства после разрушения новой властью всех прежних форм конвертации, новой, не существовавшей до того, — государственной форме конвертации. Тема конвертации богатства в других аспектах рассмотрена автором в 13, 15, 18 и 19 номерах журнала.
КОНВЕРТАЦИЯ БОГАТСТВА В СОВЕТСКУЮ ЭПОХУ (1950-е - 1990-е ГОДЫ)
Authors: Кириченко Олег Викторович
Published: January 2022

Статья продолжает тему, начатую в 13, 15, 17 и 18 номерах журнала. Речь идет о времени разрушения советской модели конвертации богатства, процессе объективном и неудержимом.
ЗНАЧЕНИЕ А.И. СОЛЖЕНИЦЫНА ДЛЯ СОХРАНЕНИЯ РУССКОЙ ЭТНИЧЕСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ
Authors: Кириченко Олег Викторович
Published: January 2022

Статья выходит за рамки абстрактно ценностного подхода к общественно значимой личности. Автору такая личность интересна с разных точек зрения: традиции, модерна и постмодерна. Только так можно увидеть разные срезы в солженицынской многогранности: особенности его почвенности как причины его отступления от традиции и даже модерна.
ОБ ОТДЕЛЬНОЙ КАТЕГОРИИ СОЦИАЛЬНО МАЛОЗАЩИЩЕННЫХ ЛИЦ В СОВЕТСКОМ ОБЩЕСТВЕ
Authors: Шляхтина Наталья Валерьевна
Published: January 2022

Статья посвящена вдовам в советском обществе и построена большей частью на полевых материалах, собранных автором в Воронежской, Тамбовской, Белгородской, Курской областях. Автор показывает, что из двух групп вдов (солдатских и социальных) в советское время первенствующее значение получают первые в связи с событиями Великой Отечественной войны. Довоенный же период характеризуется сознательным разрушением советской властью социально структурированной корпорации вдов в силу ее большой общественной активности.
Genetic-Based Optimization of 3D Burch–Schneider Cage With Functionally Graded Lattice Material
Authors: Xu Manman , Zhang Yan , Wang Shuting , Jiang Guozhang
Published: January 2022

A Burch–Schneider (BS) cage is a reinforcement device used in total hip arthroplasty (THA) revision surgeries to bridge areas of acetabular loss. There have been a variety of BS cages in the market, which are made of solid metal. However, significant differences in structural configuration and mechanical behavior between bone and metal implants cause bone resorption and interface loosening, and hence lead to failure of the implant in the long term. To address this issue, an optimal design framework for a cellular BS cage was investigated in this study by genetic algorithm and topology optimization, inspired by porous human bone with variable holes. In this optimization, a BS cage is constructed with functionally graded lattice material which gradually evolves to achieve better mechanical behavior by natural selection and natural genetics. Clinical constraints that allow adequate bone ingrowth and manufacturing constraint that ensures the realization of the optimized implant are considered simultaneously. A homogenization method is introduced to calculate effective mechanical properties of octet-truss lattice material in a given range of relative density. At last, comparison of the optimum lattice BS cage with a fully solid cage and a lattice cage with identical element density indicates the validity of the optimization design strategy proposed in this article.
Downregulation of NAGLU in VEC Increases Abnormal Accumulation of Lysosomes and Represents a Predictive Biomarker in Early Atherosclerosis
Authors: Xing Changchang , Jiang Zhongyi , Wang Yi
Published: January 2022

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), predominantly caused by atherosclerosis (AS), are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Although a great number of previous studies have attempted to reveal the molecular mechanism of AS, the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The aberrant expression profiling of vascular endothelial cells (VECs) gene in early atherosclerosis (EAS) was analyzed according to the dataset (GSE132651) downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We primarily performed functional annotation analysis on the downregulated genes (DRGs). We further identified that α-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGLU), one of the DRGs, played a critical role in the progression of EAS. NAGLU is a key enzyme for the degradation of heparan sulfate (HS), and its deficiency could cause lysosomal accumulation and lead to dysfunctions of VECs. We found that siRNA knockdown of NAGLU in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) aggravated the abnormal accumulation of lysosomes and HS. In addition, the expression of NAGLU was reduced in the EAS model constructed by ApoE−/- mice. Furthermore, we also showed that heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) protein was upregulated while NAGLU knockdown in HUVEC could specifically bind to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and promote its phosphorylation, ultimately activating the phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs). However, the application of selective VEGFR2 and ERKs inhibitors, SU5614 and PD98059, respectively, could reverse the abnormal lysosomal storage caused by NAGLU knockdown. These results indicated that downregulation of NAGLU in HUVEC increases the abnormal accumulation of lysosomes and may be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of EAS.
Long Noncoding RNA GAS5: A New Factor Involved in Bone Diseases
Authors: Zhou Zimo , Chen Jiahui , Huang Ying , Liu Da , Chen Senxiang , Qin Sen
Published: January 2022

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), as an important type of RNA encoded in the human transcriptome, have shown to regulate different genomic processes in human cells, altering cell type and function. These factors are associated with carcinogenesis, cancer metastasis, bone diseases, and immune system diseases, among other pathologies. Although many lncRNAs are involved in various diseases, the molecular mechanisms through which lncRNAs contribute to regulation of disease are still unclear. The lncRNA growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) is a key player that we initially found to be associated with regulating cell growth, differentiation, and development. Further work has shown that GAS5 is involved in the occurrence and prognosis of bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, osteosarcoma, and postosteoporotic fracture. In this review, we discuss recent progress on the roles of GAS5 in bone diseases to establish novel targets for the treatment of bone diseases.
p53 Modulation of Autophagy Signaling in Cancer Therapies: Perspectives Mechanism and Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Rahman Md Ataur , Park Moon Nyeo , Rahman MD Hasanur , Rashid Md Mamunur , Islam Rokibul , Uddin Md Jamal , Hannan Md Abdul , Kim Bonglee
Published: January 2022

The key tumor suppressor protein p53, additionally known as p53, represents an attractive target for the development and management of anti-cancer therapies. p53 has been implicated as a tumor suppressor protein that has multiple aspects of biological function comprising energy metabolism, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, growth and differentiation, senescence, oxidative stress, angiogenesis, and cancer biology. Autophagy, a cellular self-defense system, is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process involved in various physiological processes that maintain cellular homeostasis. Numerous studies have found that p53 modulates autophagy, although the relationship between p53 and autophagy is relatively complex and not well understood. Recently, several experimental studies have been reported that p53 can act both an inhibitor and an activator of autophagy which depend on its cellular localization as well as its mode of action. Emerging evidences have been suggested that the dual role of p53 which suppresses and stimulates autophagy in various cencer cells. It has been found that p53 suppression and activation are important to modulate autophagy for tumor promotion and cancer treatment. On the other hand, activation of autophagy by p53 has been recommended as a protective function of p53. Therefore, elucidation of the new functions of p53 and autophagy could contribute to the development of novel therapeutic approaches in cancer biology. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of p53 and autophagy shows reciprocal functional interaction that is a major importance for cancer treatment and manegement. Additionally, several synthetic drugs and phytochemicals have been targeted to modulate p53 signaling via regulation of autophagy pathway in cancer cells. This review emphasizes the current perspectives and the role of p53 as the main regulator of autophagy-mediated novel therapeutic approaches against cancer treatment and managements.
Mood Disorders Induced by Maternal Overnutrition: The Role of the Gut-Brain Axis on the Development of Depression and Anxiety
Authors: Jantsch Jeferson , Tassinari Isadora D’Ávila , Giovenardi Márcia , Bambini-Junior Victorio , Guedes Renata Padilha , de Fraga Luciano Stürmer
Published: January 2022

Since the first evidence suggesting that maternal nutrition can impact the development of diseases in the offspring, much has been elucidated about its effects on the offspring’s nervous system. Animal studies demonstrated that maternal obesity can predispose the offspring to greater chances of metabolic and neurodevelopmental diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying these responses are not well established. In recent years, the role of the gut-brain axis in the development of anxiety and depression in people with obesity has emerged. Studies investigating changes in the maternal microbiota during pregnancy and also in the offspring demonstrate that conditions such as maternal obesity can modulate the microbiota, leading to long-term outcomes in the offspring. Considering that maternal obesity has also been linked to the development of psychiatric conditions (anxiety and depression), the gut-brain axis is a promising target to be further explored in these neuropsychiatric contexts. In the present study, we review the relationship between maternal obesity and anxious and depressive features, exploring the gut-brain axis as a potential mechanism underlying this relationship.
Role of Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Diagnostic and/or Therapeutic Biomarkers in Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Martin-Ventura Jose Luis , Roncal Carmen , Orbe Josune , Blanco-Colio Luis Miguel
Published: January 2022

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the first cause of death worldwide. In recent years, there has been great interest in the analysis of extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microparticles, as potential mediators of biological communication between circulating cells/plasma and cells of the vasculature. Besides their activity as biological effectors, EVs have been also investigated as circulating/systemic biomarkers in different acute and chronic CVDs. In this review, the role of EVs as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in chronic cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis (mainly, peripheral arterial disease, PAD), aortic stenosis (AS) and aortic aneurysms (AAs), will be described. Mechanistically, we will analyze the implication of EVs in pathological processes associated to cardiovascular remodeling, with special emphasis in their role in vascular and valvular calcification. Specifically, we will focus on the participation of EVs in calcium accumulation in the pathological vascular wall and aortic valves, involving the phenotypic change of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) or valvular interstitial cells (IC) to osteoblast-like cells. The knowledge of the implication of EVs in the pathogenic mechanisms of cardiovascular remodeling is still to be completely deciphered but there are promising results supporting their potential translational application to the diagnosis and therapy of different CVDs.
Hagfish to Illuminate the Developmental and Evolutionary Origins of the Vertebrate Retina
Authors: Bradshaw Sarah N. , Allison W. Ted
Published: January 2022

The vertebrate eye is a vital sensory organ that has long fascinated scientists, but the details of how this organ evolved are still unclear. The vertebrate eye is distinct from the simple photoreceptive organs of other non-vertebrate chordates and there are no clear transitional forms of the eye in the fossil record. To investigate the evolution of the eye we can examine the eyes of the most ancient extant vertebrates, the hagfish and lamprey. These jawless vertebrates are in an ideal phylogenetic position to study the origin of the vertebrate eye but data on eye/retina development in these organisms is limited. New genomic and gene expression data from hagfish and lamprey suggest they have many of the same genes for eye development and retinal neurogenesis as jawed vertebrates, but functional work to determine if these genes operate in retinogenesis similarly to other vertebrates is missing. In addition, hagfish express a marker of proliferative retinal cells (Pax6) near the margin of the retina, and adult retinal growth is apparent in some species. This finding of eye growth late into hagfish ontogeny is unexpected given the degenerate eye phenotype. Further studies dissecting retinal neurogenesis in jawless vertebrates would allow for comparison of the mechanisms of retinal development between cyclostome and gnathostome eyes and provide insight into the evolutionary origins of the vertebrate eye.
Investigation of Parameter Control for Electrocatalytic Semihydrogenation in a Proton-Exchange Membrane Reactor Utilizing Bayesian Optimization
Authors: Ashikari Yosuke , Tamaki Takashi , Takahashi Yusuke , Yao Yiyue , Atobe Mahito , Nagaki Aiichiro
Published: January 2022

Owing to its applicability in sustainable engineering, flow electrochemical synthesis in a proton-exchange membrane (PEM) reactor has attracted considerable attention. Because the reactions in PEM reactors are performed under electro-organic and flow-synthetic conditions, a higher number of reaction parameters exist compared to ordinary reactions. Thus, the optimization of such reactions requires significant amounts of energy, time, chemical and human resources. Herein, we show that the optimization of alkyne semihydrogenation in PEM reactors can be facilitated by means of Bayesian optimization, an applied mathematics strategy. Applying the optimized conditions, we also demonstrate the generation of a deuterated Z-alkene.
One-Pot Difunctionalization of Aryldiazonium Salts for Synthesis of para-Azophenols
Authors: Liu Zhenhua , Fang Yang , Liu Yi , Fu Wei , Gan Xingxing , Gao Wen , Tang Bo
Published: January 2022

A novel difunctionalization of aryldiazonium salts was realized for the one-step generation of symmetric and asymmetric p-azophenols. This approach is proceeded by the sequentially regioselective aromatic C-O and C-N bond construction under mild reaction conditions, unlocking a new reaction strategy to facilitate the synthesis of p-azophenols.
Assembly of a Library of Pel-Oligosaccharides Featuring α-Glucosamine and α-Galactosamine Linkages
Authors: Zhang Yongzhen , Wang Liming , Overkleeft Herman S. , van der Marel Gijsbert A. , Codée Jeroen D. C.
Published: January 2022

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a pathogenic Gram-negative bacterium for which currently antibiotic resistance is posing a significant problem and for which no vaccines are available, protects itself by the formation of a biofilm. The Pel polysaccharide, a cationic polymer composed of cis-linked galactosamine (GalN), N-acetyl galactosamine (GalNAc), glucosamine (GlcN) and N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) monosaccharides, is an important constituent of the biofilm. Well-defined Pel oligosaccharides will be valuable tools to probe the biosynthesis machinery of this polysaccharide and may serve as diagnostic tools or be used as components of glycoconjugate vaccines. We here, report on the development of synthetic chemistry to access well-defined Pel-oligosaccharides. The chemistry hinges on the use of di-tert-butylsilylidene protected GalN and GlcN building blocks, which allow for completely cis-selective glycosylation reactions. We show the applicability of the chemistry by the assembly of a matrix of 3 × 6 Pel heptasaccharides, which has been generated from a single set of suitably protected Pel heptasaccharides, in which a single glucosamine residue is incorporated and positioned at different places along the Pel oligo-galactosamine chain.
Research Progress of UiO-66-Based Electrochemical Biosensors
Authors: Wu Ming , Zhang Qi , Zhang Qiuyu , Wang Huan , Wang Fawei , Liu Junmei , Guo Liquan , Song Kai
Published: January 2022

UiO-66, as a member of the MOFs families, is widely employed in sensing, drug release, separation, and adsorption due to its large specific surface area, uniform pore size, easy functionalization, and excellent stability. Especially in electrochemical biosensors, UiO-66 has demonstrated excellent adsorption capacity and response signal, which significantly improves the sensitivity and specificity of detection. However, the existing application research remains in its infancy, lacking systematic methods, and recycling utilization and exclusive sensing of UiO-66 still require further improvement. Therefore, one of the present research objectives is to explore the breakthrough point of existing technologies and optimize the performance of UiO-66-based electrochemical biosensors (UiO-66-EBs). In this work, we summarized current experimental methods and detection mechanisms of UiO-66-EBs in environmental detection, food safety, and disease diagnosis, analyzed the existing problems, and proposed some suggestions to provide new ideas for future research.
Early Detection of Cardiac Damage by Two-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography After Thoracic Radiation Therapy: Study Protocol for a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zhu Dan , Li Tingcui , Zhuang Hongqing , Cui Ming
Published: January 2022

Background

As one of the important treatment methods for cancer patients, radiotherapy may lead to incidental irradiation of the heart, resulting in radiotherapy-induced heart disease (RIHD) arising many years after radiotherapy. While, there are few studies on early subclinical cardiac damage, which may be essential for the protection of late RIHD. To detect and predict RIHD and early subclinical cardiac damage induced by thoracic radiation therapy, based on two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D STE) combined with multiple circulating biomarkers and accurate heart dosimetry.

Methods and Analysis

This is a monocentric prospective cohort study in which 104 patients treated for malignant tumors and with cardiac radiation exposure will be included. All participants will be followed for 12 months after radiotherapy. Echocardiography, 2D STE, and blood samples will be underwent at 5-time points (baseline; after completion of RT; 2, 6, and 12 months after RT). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF); global longitudinal, radial, and circumferential strain; diastolic function parameters; creatine kinase (CK); creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB); cardiac troponin T (cTnT); N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) will be measured at baseline and every follow-up time. The incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events will be recorded.

Discussion

This study details the protocol and presents the primary limits and advantages of this single-center project. The inclusion of patients began in 2021, and the results are expected to be published in 2023. This study will be allowed to enhance knowledge on detection and prediction of early subclinical cardiac dysfunction induced by thoracic radiation therapy, based on two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D STE) combined with circulating biomarkers and accurate heart dosimetry. Furthermore, we will evaluate risk factors of subtle cardiac damage and identify high-risk groups for early heart damage.

Clinical Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT04443400.
Brain Imaging Changes and Related Risk Factors of Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Jiang Yangyang , Wang Lei , Lu Ziwen , Chen Shiqi , Teng Yu , Li Tong , Li Yang , Xie Yingzhen , Zhao Mingjing
Published: January 2022

Background/Aims

To explore the imaging changes and related risk factors of heart failure (HF) patients with cognitive impairment (CI).

Methods

A literature search was systematically carried out in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library. In this systematic review, important relevant information was extracted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The methodological quality was assessed by three scales according to the different study types.

Results

Finally, 66 studies were included, involving 33,579 patients. In the imaging changes, the severity of medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) and the decrease of gray Matter (GM) volume were closely related to the cognitive decline. The reduction of cerebral blood flow (CBF) may be correlated with CI. However, the change of white matter (WM) volume was possibly independent of CI in HF patients. Specific risk factors were analyzed, and the data indicated that the increased levels of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)/N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and the comorbidities of HF, including atrial fibrillation (AF), diabetes mellitus (DM) and anemia were definitely correlated with CI in patients with HF, respectively. Certain studies had also obtained independent correlation results. Body mass index (BMI), depression and sleep disorder exhibited a tendency to be associated with CI. Low ejection fraction (EF) value (<30%) was inclined to be associated with the decline in cognitive function. However, no significant differences were noted between heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in cognitive scores.

Conclusion

BNP/NT-proBNP and the comorbidities of HF including AF, DM and anemia were inextricably correlated with CI in patients with HF, respectively. These parameters were independent factors. The severity of MTA, GM volume, BMI index, depression, sleep disorder, and low EF value (<30%) have a disposition to associated with CI. The reduction in the CBF volume may be related to CI, whereas the WM volume may not be associated with CI in HF patients. The present systematic review provides an important basis for the prevention and treatment of CI following HF.
Prenatal Exposure to Methamphetamine Causes Vascular Dysfunction in Adult Male Rat Offspring
Authors: Chavva Hasitha , Belcher Adam M. , Brazeau Daniel A. , Rorabaugh Boyd R.
Published: January 2022

Methamphetamine use during pregnancy can have negative consequences on the offspring. However, most studies investigating the impact of prenatal exposure to methamphetamine have focused on behavioral and neurological outcomes. Relatively little is known regarding the impact of prenatal methamphetamine on the adult cardiovascular system. This study investigated the impact of chronic fetal exposure to methamphetamine on vascular function in adult offspring. Pregnant female rats received daily saline or methamphetamine (5 mg/kg) injections starting on gestational day 1 and continuing until the pups were born. Vascular function was assessed in 5 month old offspring. Prenatal methamphetamine significantly decreased both the efficacy and potency of acetylcholine-induced relaxation in isolated male (but not female) aortas when perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) remained intact. However, prenatal methamphetamine had no impact on acetylcholine-induced relaxation when PVAT was removed. Nitroprusside-induced relaxation of the aorta was unaffected by prenatal methamphetamine. Angiotensin II-induced contractile responses were significantly potentiated in male (but not female) aortas regardless of the presence of PVAT. This effect was reversed by L-nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Serotonin- and phenylephrine-induced contraction were unaffected by prenatal methamphetamine. Prenatal methamphetamine had no impact on acetylcholine-induced relaxation of third order mesenteric arteries and no effect on basal blood pressure. These data provide evidence that prenatal exposure to methamphetamine sex-dependently alters vasomotor function in the vasculature and may increase the risk of developing vascular disorders later in adult life.
Water Resource Availability Assessment Through Hydrological Simulation Under Climate Change in the Huangshui Watershed of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Fu Zhenghui , Xie Yulei , Zhang Yang , Jiang Xia , Guo Huaicheng , Wang Shuhang
Published: January 2022

The related dynamic change in meteorological and hydrological parameters is critical for available water resources, development management options, and making informed decisions. In this study, to enhance the resolution of the predicted meteorological and hydrological parameters under climate change, the statistical downscaling method (SDSM), the generalized regression neural network (GRNN) model, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, and the improved Tennant method were integrated into a framework. The available water resources were assessed in the Huangshui watershed of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, which has the highest average elevation in the world. The meteorological parameters were obtained by the SDSM model and the GRNN model. The SWAT model used the meteorological parameters to simulate the hydrological data under climate change scenarios. Considering the meteorological conditions and the high sediment content in the basin, the available water resources are evaluated by the improved Tennant method. The meteorological data of the Xining station from 1958 to 2011 were used to analyze the dynamic changes and mutation trends in the data. The results indicated that the precipitation would have a great increase during the wet season from May to September, and the flows and available water resources would decrease with increasing carbon emissions under different representative concentration pathways (RCPs).
Short-Term Climatic Effect of Gyaring and Ngoring Lakes in the Yellow River Source Area, China
Authors: Yang Xianyu , Wen Jun , Huang Anning , Lu Yaqiong , Meng Xianhong , Zhao Yong , Wang Yurun , Meng Lixia
Published: January 2022

Based on the field observation and WRF-CLM model, the effects of Gyaring and Ngoring lakes on the short-term climate over the Yellow River source area during May to September have been studied through two experiments with and without the lakes. A backward water vapor transfer model was also employed to investigate the contribution of water vapor evapotranspiration from the Gyaring and Ngoring lakes and various surface types to the local precipitation. The results show that without the Gyaring and Ngoring lakes, the sensible heat is increased by 120%, whereas the latent heat is decreased by 58.5%, and the height of atmospheric boundary layer increases from 500 to 1,500–2,000 m during daytime over the lake area. The sum of sensible and latent heat fluxes in the lake area simulated by the experiment with and without the lakes is 185.8 and 130.3 W m−2, respectively. The precipitation amount over the lake area is significantly increased without considering the lake effect, generally by more than 20–40 mm. About 63.8% of the total precipitation in Gyaring and Ngoring lakes is contributed by the external water vapor sources. The evapotranspiration from the grassland is the secondary water vapor source for the precipitation in the Yellow River source area, and 25.2% of the total precipitation is contributed by this source. Around 4.2% of the total precipitation in the lake area is contributed by the evaporation from the Gyaring and Ngoring lakes.
Hyaluronic Acid Correlates With Bone Metastasis and Predicts Poor Prognosis in Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Zhao Cong , Zhang Zhiyun , Hu Xingsheng , Zhang Lina , Liu Yanxia , Wang Ying , Guo Yi , Zhang Tongmei , Li Weiying , Li Baolan
Published: January 2022

Background

Hyaluronan (HA) is one of the essential elements of the extracellular matrix (ECM), involved in the onset of metastasis in various tumors. The interaction and binding of the ligand–receptor HA/cluster of differentiation-44 (CD44) regulate the physical and biochemical properties of the ECM, which correlates with an increased propensity toward metastasis and poor survival outcome. Our study aimed to explore HA for predicting metastasis and survival rate in patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC).

Materials and Methods

This prospective cohort study recruited 72 patients with SCLC. Plasma HA and CD44 levels were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for 72 cases before initial systematic treatment (baseline samples), and plasma HA was detected via after-2-cycle-chemotherapy (A-2-C-CT) in 48 samples. Logistic regression analysis and the Cox proportional risk model were used to determine the independent predictors of distant metastasis and survival rate of patients.

Results

Baseline plasma HA was notably associated with bone metastasis (BM) [OR (95% CI = 1.015 (1.006–1.024), p = 0.001]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that baseline plasma HA was chosen as an independent predictor of BM. Either baseline HA or CD44 or both were associated with BM. Dynamic alteration of HA was notably associated with A-2-C-CT clinical efficacy. Multivariate Cox regression analysis in forward likelihood ratio showed that A-2-C-CT HA was an independent predictor of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Conclusions

HA appears to be used as an independent predictive factor for BM, and the dynamic detection of HA can predict prognosis in SCLC patients. The mechanism of the HA/CD44 axis in BM of SCLC deserves further exploration.
Novel Subgroups and Chronic Complications of Diabetes in Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese:A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Fei , Zheng Ruizhi , Li Ling , Xu Min , Lu Jieli , Zhao Zhiyun , Li Mian , Wang Tiange , Wang Shuangyuan , Bi Yufang , Xu Yu , Ning Guang , Cai Weimin
Published: January 2022

Background

Diabetes mellitus, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is regarded as highly heterogeneous. Novel diabetes phenotypes by cluster analysis have been proposed in Europeans but may show different cluster features in Asians. The applicability of cluster analysis in middle-aged and elderly Chinese community T2DM patients needs further investigation.

Methods

Participants were recruited from Jiading community in Shanghai, China. We adopted k-means cluster analysis in 1130 patients (aged ≥ 40 years) with newly-diagnosed T2DM at baseline. Cluster analysis was performed based on seven variables, including fasting plasma glucose, 2 hours postprandial blood glucose, age at diagnosis, body mass index, hemoglobin A1c, homoeostatic model assessment estimates of β-cell function and insulin resistance. All subjects were re-examined at 4.4 years later. Metabolic associated fatty liver disease was diagnosed using B-ultrasound, hepatic fibrosis by non-invasive scores, renal and cardiovascular status by subclinical biomarkers. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to compare the risks of complications between clusters.

Results

Patients were classified into 4 clusters. 381 (33.7%), 456 (40.4%), 87 (7.7%), and 206 (18.2%) patients were separately assigned to mild age-related diabetes (MARD), mild obesity-related diabetes (MOD), severe insulin-deficient and insulin-resistant diabetes (SIDRD), or severe obesity-related and insulin-resistant diabetes (SOIRD), respectively. Participants in MARD, SOIRD, and SIDRD clusters were associated with significantly increased risks of different complications. SOIRD and SIDRD showed novel features in Chinese T2DM patients that were different from those in Europeans.

Conclusions

The refined diabetes phenotypic approach was applicable to Chinese middle-aged and elderly T2DM patients. Patients in different clusters presented significantly different characteristics, progression of metabolic features, and risks of diabetic complications.
Calcitriol-Mediated Hypercalcemia, Somatostatin Receptors Expression and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3-1α- Hydroxylase in GIST Tumors
Authors: Herrera-Martínez Yiraldine , Contreras González María José , Pedraza-Arévalo Sergio , Guerrero Martínez Maria del Carmen , Rodrigo Martínez Ángela , González Menchen Alberto , Blanco Molina Maria Angeles , Gálvez-Moreno Maria Angeles , Moreno-Vega Alberto L. , Luque Raúl M. , Herrera-Martínez Aura D.
Published: January 2022

Hypercalcemia is a common complication in cancer patients Mainly caused by Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) secretion and metastasis. Calcitriol secretion is a rare source of hypercalcemia in solid tumors, especially in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). We present a case report of a female patient with a 23 cm gastric GIST that expressed somatostatin-receptors and presented with severe hypercalcemia due to calcitriol secretion. Calcium control was achieved with medical treatment before the use of targeted-directed therapies. Surgery was performed and allowed complete tumor resection. Two years later, patient remains free of disease. Molecular analysis revealed the mRNA expression of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1-hydroxylase (1αOHase) and vitamin-D receptors in the tumor cells, confirming the calcitriol-mediated mechanism. Furthermore, the expression of the endotoxin recognition factors CD14 and TLR4 suggests an inflammatory mediated mechanism. Finally, the expression of somatostatin-receptors, especially SST2 might have been related with clinical evolution and prognosis in this patient.
Ecological Efficiency Evaluation and Spatiotemporal Characteristics Analysis of the Linkage Development of the Logistics Industry and Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Zheng Wen-Long , Wang Jian-Wei , Mao Xin Hua , Li Jin-Feng
Published: January 2022

The logistics and manufacturing industries are basic industries that support social development. First, this study classifies the carbon emissions from the logistics industry and pollution emissions from the manufacturing industry as undesirable outputs and evaluates the ecological efficiency of the logistics and manufacturing industries in the Yangtze River Delta from 2006 to 2016 by using the unexpected slacks-based measure (SBM) model. Second, the study analyzes the spatial differences in industrial correlation efficiency by using the exploratory spatial data analysis method. Third, the spatial econometric model is used to analyze the driving factors of the linkage ecological efficiency between logistics industry and manufacturing industry. Finally, the neural network model is used to predict the linkage ecological efficiency. The results show that the ecological efficiency of the manufacturing industry has steadily improved. The ecological efficiency of the logistics industry presents the rising trend in fluctuation. The level of the linkage development between the logistics and manufacturing industries is high. The results of the spatial heterogeneity analysis show that the spatial differentiation of high–high agglomeration and low–low agglomeration is obvious. The spatial agglomeration characteristics are relatively stable, and the spatial diffusion effect is strong. In space, the linkage ecological efficiency shows a trend of development from multiple agglomeration areas to one agglomeration area. The results of driving factor analysis show that foreign direct investment (FDI), government intervention (GI), and human capital (HP) have positive effects on linkage ecological efficiency, while industrial structure (IS), environmental regulation (ER), and energy intensity (EI) have negative effects on linkage ecological efficiency. The results of the linkage development trend analysis show that the linkage ecological efficiency of the two industries will tend to be stable in the future.