bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dressing Dada and the Rise of Flea Markets
Authors: Le Zotte Jennifer
Published: September 2017

This chapter describes the economic, cultural, and demographic supports for the rise of flea markets during the interwar period. I introduce the duality of secondhand consumer motivations, as well as the contradictions of a perennial avant-garde adoration of used materials. The reframing of novelty to include the not-new was connected to, on one hand, transnational art movements tinged with political radicalism, such as Surrealism and Dada, and on the other, nostalgic sentimentalism forged by conservative patriotism, like that of automitive mogul-turned-collecter Henry Ford. While the growth of flea markets did rely on a broadening consumer market for secondhand goods, the forms and locations of the outdoor venues demonstrated the independent determination and entrepreneurialism of marginalized classes, especially immigrants and black southern migrants; xenophobia and antisemitism helped establish the locations and format of many urban flea markets. As chain grocery stores like the Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company (the A & P) replaced direct-to-consumer food distribution via farmer’s markets in the country and city-sanctioned public markets in urban areas, secondhand commodities filled in the gap, sustaining preexisting open-air venures.
The Invention of Vintage Clothing
Authors: Le Zotte Jennifer
Published: September 2017

This chapter recounts the process of upgrading certain older apparel, a transnational process led by the wealthy and famous, including rich collegians, titled nobility, and rock stars like Jimi Hendrix and Janis Joplin. Celebrations of affluence, elitism, individuality, and fame framed this path. The invention of "vintage" responded to a desire for visible distinction, one almost classically linked to affluence and in keeping with the 1899 thesis of economist Thorstein Veblen. For example, the 1956-7 college fad for old raccoon-fur coats from the 1920s was emblematic of a rising class of wealthy youth to whom chain department stores like Lord & Taylor eagerly appealed—and for whom the word “vintage” was first applied to clothing. Vintage exhibitionism usually disavowed political affiliations while reveling in bucking convention.
Genderfuck and the Boyfriend Look
Authors: Le Zotte Jennifer
Published: September 2017

This chapter describes the many ways in which secondhand exchange served the gay liberation movement and helped create a broader scope of sexual identities and related imagery, through not only political activism, but by cultural routes such as glam rock, punk, underground art and film, and avant-garde performance art. Some secondhand dressers such as activist José Sarria used secondhand exchange to both financially support gay rights and to oppose homophobic public perceptions. Others, like underground filmmaker Jack Smith and Hibiscus of the psychedelic drag troupe The Cockettes, cited anticommercial motives for seeking alternative economies and for presenting "queer" appearances. Both men and women—like the Bowery-browsing punk icon Patti Smith—displayed cross-gendered appearance, yet public reception of "genderfuck" suggested that men in women’s clothing were assumed to be more politically radical than women in men’s attire. Regardless of these inconsistencies, by the end of the 1970s, a queer, "trash" self-presentation had entered the country’s visual lexicon, and was specifically associated with popular musicians and artists.
Connoisseurs of Trash in a World Full of It
Authors: Le Zotte Jennifer
Published: September 2017

This chapter examines the links between trash aesthetics, secondhand dress, and pop iconography, focusing on the myths and dismissals of the short-lived but massively popular music and fashion fad grunge. Whether dubbed retro, kitsch, camp, or trash, borrowing from the ideas and images of the past was an intrinsic part of the postmodern artistic landscape, and debates as to the worth of such reflexive borrowing raged. In the nineties, grunge style was often dismissed as an adolescent form of slumming—perhaps as a reaction to the profligancy of the Reagan years. But viewing grunge styles as simply reactive loses the social meaning embodied in the specific ironic posturing of nineties dress and music, views that preserved and sustained foregoing models of creativity and style at least as much as they upset them. Grunge was not just "the way we dress when we have no money," as designer Jean-Paul Gaultier sniffed disdainfully, but an elaboration on what secondhand aficionados had cultivated for almost a century.
Epilogue
Authors: Le Zotte Jennifer
Published: September 2017

The epilogue discusses the contining role of secondhand commerce and style in the twenty-first century United States. Throughout the twentieth century, used goods economies codified and expanded, branching out into million-dollar industries. Vintage exhibitionism and elective poverty merged even more decisively at the end of the millennium. After habitual heroin user Kurt Cobain took his own life with a shotgun in 1994, styles straight-facedly called shabby chic, heroin chic, or poor chic enjoyed greater cultural currency than ever before. Voluntary secondhand dress persists precisely because it suggests both cultural and economic distinction, and shoppers continued to view secondhand venues as exceptions to the social and economic critiques of dominant capitalisms. Secondhand styles satisfy a desire to be seen as different than the average consumer dupe, as willing to invest time in the cultivation of originality without utilizing class and wealth privilege. The success of the 2013 song, “Thrift Shop,” by independent rappers Macklemore and Lewis—born and raised in the hometown of grunge, Seattle— attests to the continuing relevance of secondhand to popular culture.
Introduction
Authors: Michney Todd M.
Published: September 2017

You can squeeze ’em in the ghetto,

An’ with written covenant,

Make ’em live in teeming hovels

Where they pay excessive rent.

You can threaten banks an’ bankers

An’ make money hard to get,

But there’ll always be some fishes

Who escape the jim-crow net....
The Soldier’s Dream
Authors: White Jonathan W.
Published: September 2017

More than anything else, Union and Confederate soldiers dreamed about home. Usually these were pleasant dreams of loved ones, but sometimes they reflected soldiers’ deepest anxieties, such as fears of death or marital infidelity. Soldiers also had nightmares of battle, and some soldiers saw increasing amounts of violence in their dreams. But on the whole, most soldiers experienced pleasant dreams about their wives and children durign the Civil War.
Civilians’ Dreams
Authors: White Jonathan W.
Published: September 2017

Men and women on the home front experienced a wide array of dreams during the Civil War. Women in the South and Border States often dreamed of Yankee soldiers invading their homes, while women in the North dreamed of going to battle to fight. Anxiety also often manifested itself in women’s dreams, as they worried about their husbands who were far away at war. These dreams placed wives in a difficult situation. They wanted to seek comfort by sharing their bad dreams with their husbands, but they did not want to discourage or demoralize their menfolk in the army.
African American Dreams
Authors: White Jonathan W.
Published: September 2017

The experience of slavery had an indelible effect on the dreams of black Americans. Some slaves dreamt of escape, or of loved ones who had been sold away. Former slaves sometimes had vivid dreams of being returned into slavery. Whether slave or free, African Americans often looked to their dreams as signs from God or as confirmation of their conversion to Christianity. White Americans tended to look down on African American dream practices as superstitious, but in fact, white and black Americans had a shared dream culture that stretched back into the colonial era.
Dreams of the Dying
Authors: White Jonathan W.
Published: September 2017

Hundreds, perhaps thousands, of soldiers had dreams, presentiments or premonitions that they would be killed in battle. Whether or not most of these prophetic visions actually occurred can never be known. Their significance, however, lies in that so many soldiers remembered them years after the firing had ceased. Indeed, veterans’ postwar remembering of these dreams reveals how Civil War Americans clung to a sense that God had providentially superintended their lives and deaths—and that their sacrifices on the battlefield had been with purpose.
Epilogue
Authors: White Jonathan W.
Published: September 2017

“Thank God that I have lived to see this!” Abraham Lincoln remarked upon learning of the fall of Richmond in April 1865. “It seems to me that I have been dreaming a horrid dream for four years, and now the nightmare is gone. I want to see Richmond.”...
Feeling at Home
Authors: Miller Adrian
Published: September 2017

This chapter profiles several African Americans who supervised presidential food service operations as steward, maître d'hôtel, or chief usher. Their duties variably included hiring the kitchen staff, procuring food, menu planning, and at times, food preparation. This chapter focuses (chronologically) on the experiences of the following people: Samuel Fraunces, William T. Crump, Henry Pinckney, Alonzo Fields, Rear Admiral Stephen W. Rochon and Angella Reid. Their experiences illuminate how White House operations have changed over time. The White House first was operated as a plantation big house. After the Civil War, it was operated as a wealthy person homes. With the changes implemented by First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy, the White House has been operated like a hotel since the 1960s. The chapter includes recipes for: minted green pea soup and bison meat Brazilian onions.
Bittersweet
Authors: Miller Adrian
Published: September 2017

The U.S. has had a significant number of slaveholding presidents. Accordingly, a number of White House kitchen staffers in antebellum America were enslaved African Americans. This chapter chronicles how these individuals met the demands of the presidential masters while attempting to assert their humanity while they remained in bondage. In many ways, the presidential kitchen became a prison from which these cooks could not escape. There were however rare moments where these cooks obtained freedom by successfully escaping from slavery or by negotiating their manumission. This chapter chronologically profiles the following enslaved cooks: Hercules, James Hemings, Edith Hern Fossett, and Frances Gillette Hern. The chapter ends with a profile of Mary Dines, a formerly enslaved woman who cooked part-time for President Abraham Lincoln. This chapter includes recipes for hoecakes, snow eggs and baked macaroni and cheese.
From Wild Savages to Beloved Primitives
Authors: Cooper Melissa L.
Published: September 2017

This chapter investigates the emergence of Gullah folk in the national imagination by exploring the convergence of the shift from Victorian thought to modernist thought during the World War I era; the advent of the social sciences; the Harlem Renaissance; the Great Migration; and the successes of Julia Peterkin's Gullah novels. Together, these phenomena, and the new strand of primitivism that took root as a result, are presented as essential forces that contributed to the reimagining of the value of black people's African heritage.
The 1920s and 1930s Voodoo Craze
Authors: Cooper Melissa L.
Published: September 2017

This chapter explores the 1920s and 1930s "voodoo craze" by examing the way that negative ideas about "Africa" and "Africans" during these years, and the prevelance of the common association between Africa and spiritual primitivism (superstitions, the belief in black magic, and dark rituals) became a prominent theme in assessments of Gullah folk's African connection. Using newspapers that circulated in popular migration destinations, films, plays, and travel writers' accounts to trace popular ideas about African survivals, this chapter charts a mounting obsession with southern black voodoo and superstition that reenergizes the debate over African survivals in the academe.
Reworking Roots
Authors: Cooper Melissa L.
Published: September 2017

Chapter 5 discusses the legacies of 1920s and 1930s studies within the Gullah revival and the land battles raging throughout the region. Chapter 5 unearths the origins of the revival, analyzes the lull that proceeds it, and explores the new meaning of "Gullah" that takes shape during the 1970, 1980s and 1990s in the wake of the Black Studies Movement.
Gone but Not Forgotten
Authors: Cooper Melissa L.
Published: September 2017

Chapter 6 explores the legacies of 1920s and 1930s studies within the Gullah revival and the land battles raging throughout the region. This chapter recounts the marriage of low country blacks' newly embraced Gullah identity, and their fight for the survival of coastal black communities like Sapelo. Chapter 6 investigates cultural preservation and historic preservation—ideas that became deeply contested categories as Gullah Geechee Cultural Heritage Corridor Commissioners and Gullah communities try to define their past and plan their future.
A Community of Labor
Authors: McConnell-Sidorick Sharon
Published: September 2017

This chapter is an introduction to the community, culture, and class relations of Greater Kensington. It delineates its history, the development of industries and institutions, the different people who migrated to the area, and the interactions among them. The chapter serves to situate the hosiery industry within the textile industry, and the hosiery union within the larger community and within the context of its long, transnational labor relations. It discusses the origins of the union within the Knights of Labor.
From Jazz Babies to Youth Militants
Authors: McConnell-Sidorick Sharon
Published: September 2017

This chapter examines the Jazz Age youth culture: the backlash and disillusionment following World War I, the rebellious modern women and men, new sexual freedom, Prohibition, jazz music and dance. It describes the Kensington neighborhood's youth culture. It then examines how the union transformed its rebellious youth into idealistic and socially conscious "youth militants."
The Firebrands of the Union
Authors: McConnell-Sidorick Sharon
Published: September 2017

This chapter focuses on the women of the union in the 1920s. It examines their increasing struggle for equality as women and workers, and for a share in the decision making of the organization as they became labor feminists and some of the most loyal and militant supporters of the union. These developments are situated within the context of the "Modern Woman" and developments in popular culture and the media that promoted women as having achieved equality and often in heroic terms, after the near martyrdom of the Suffragette heroines.
Storming the Bastille
Authors: McConnell-Sidorick Sharon
Published: September 2017

This chapter demonstrates how the hosiery union's important but heretofore forgotten efforts played a key role in the founding of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) and important labor legislation, major New Deal programs like public housing, and labor feminism. These achievements are bracketed by two major strike waves--under the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) in 1933 when they negotiated the Reading Formula, and under the Wagner Act in 1937 when the Apex strike led to the Supreme Court decision in support of labor, Apex v. Leader. Using the hosiery union as a microcosm of national trends, it also suggests reasons some top CIO officials gravitated toward a top-down structure, increasingly in the orbit of the Democratic Party, while another group struggled to maintain a democratic, bottom-up organizational structure--and what this meant for women and social justice unionism.
Are We on the Air?
Authors: Brookes Chris
Published: September 2017

Chris Brookes conjures masterful features, mostly for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Feature, as the word is used in Canada, Australia, and Europe, refers to a radio genre more boldly artistic than anything regularly heard on the radio in the United States. Chris writes of trying “not to explain things but to give listeners bits of a puzzle that . . . come together later.” In that spirit, he makes dazzling use of the fluttering of a bird’s wings.
That Jackie Kennedy Moment
Authors: Carrier Scott
Published: September 2017

Despite Scott Carrier’s initial urge to do cinema verité, Scott instead found himself in radio, relying mostly on his writing and his own arresting voice. “People liked my narration better than the tape,” he writes with a hint of resignation. Often, for Scott, the best way to create cinema verité in sound, to show the listener what he wants them to see, is to “narrate the part of the camera.”
Talking to Strangers
Authors: Nelson Davia , Silva Nikki
Published: September 2017

Davia Nelson and Nikki Silva, better known as the Kitchen Sisters, tend to find their subjects in the everyday. They sit for hours, “practically in the interviewee’s lap,” listening intently for those moments when speech sparkles with life. They haunt hidden kitchens and Tupperware parties, or gather lost and found sound, then create tapestries of voice, sound, and music. Nikki and Davia write of radio’s power to foster human connection. Provocatively, they describe their relationships with their subjects as “a sort of ventriloquism—we speak through other people and other people speak through us.”
One Story, Week by Week
Authors: Koenig Sarah , Snyder Julie
Published: September 2017

The team that created Serial, led by host/reporter Sarah Koenig and executive producer Julie Snyder, created a sensation that surprised them as much as anyone else. In its first season, the This American Life spinoff was downloaded 100 million times, doing much to propel that podcast tsunami. In one of our new chapters, Sarah and Julie discuss some of their challenges and choices, from how to craft a cliffhanger to the point that they really wanted to make about Bowe Bergdahl.
Story Time at the Azteca Boxing Club
Authors: Alarcón Daniel
Published: September 2017

Daniel Alarcón is a gifted and celebrated novelist. His first novel was titled Lost City Radio. Perhaps there was a hint in that title. A few years after its publication, in 2012, Daniel and a few friends (one of them his wife) launched Radio Ambulante, a Spanish-language storytelling show, the first of its kind, serving Latin America and the Spanish-speaking United States.
Daniel writes of the show’s beginnings, when, tellingly, he found himself drawn as an interviewer not to the famous Peruvian boxer but to the unknown clothing store proprietor with the raised eyebrow, the “nasal and confident and resolute” voice, and the trove of stories the man couldn’t wait to tell.
Out There
Authors: DeLys Sherre
Published: September 2017

Sherre DeLys makes a point of bringing no consistent bag of tricks to her projects. She approaches each as an “improvised, open-ended dialogue with [her] subject.” You never know what approach she’ll take, and neither does she, but the result is often breathtaking. Sherre ends one piece, about the late artist Derek Jarman and his seaside home, with six minutes of wordless sound: waves pulling at the shore, gulls, a bell, an electric piano. This dance of pure sound, she believes, can mesmerize us into a “slower, stiller mode that promotes reflective inquiry.”
Unreality Radio
Authors: Kestecher Natalie
Published: September 2017

Another Australian feature maker, Natalie Kestecher records interviews and combines them with music—and sometimes mixes in fictional fables that she writes and narrates. It’s “easier for me to create characters than to find them,” she says. Any news director would (rightly) spew coffee across the newsroom if a reporter said such a thing. These pieces of Natalie’s are not strictly documentary—not everything in them is factually true—but we chose to include her in Reality Radio because she stirs her fables together with traditional interviews, thereby putting audio nonfiction to strikingly creative use. She is not trying to pass off fiction as fact. Her work is not fraud. It’s art.
Everyone around You Has a Story the World Needs to Hear
Authors: Isay Dave
Published: September 2017

In this essay, we hear from Dave Isay, the founder of StoryCorps, “the largest single collection of human voices ever gathered.” Dave writes of an insight that struck him in his earlier life as a more traditional radio documentary producer: that the interview itself, and the impact of the experience on the person being interviewed (as opposed to the audience), could be the purpose of the work. Dave issues a call and an invitation to us all: Record the voices of the ones you love. Now.
“Everyone around You Has a Story the World Needs to Hear” is adapted from Dave Isay’s TED Talk at the 2015 TED Conference. Reprinted with permission of TED Conferences LLC.
Diaries and Detritus
Authors: Richman Joe
Published: September 2017

Joe Richman and his Radio Diaries team make a lot of compelling, mostly un-narrated historical documentaries, but Joe first became known as the master of the “radio diary.” He gives people recorders and asks them to tape themselves as they go about their lives, talk with their friends or lovers, or sit on the bed at the end of the day and think out loud. Joe receives these recordings and crafts some of public radio’s most memorable portraits. In thumbnail descriptions his characters may sound like victims: the teenager with Tourette’s, the young woman dying of cystic fibrosis, the South African HIV sufferer. But thanks to Joe, millions of NPR listeners have come to know people like Josh Cutler, Laura Rothenberg, and Thembi Ngubane as flesh-and-blood forces of nature.
Crossing Borders
Authors: Martin Maria
Published: September 2017

Maria Martin has things she wants you to know, people about whom she wants you to care. She produces documentaries about Americans and Latin Americans struggling with poverty, injustice, and the aftermath of war. But Maria infuses her documentaries with scenes and sounds and storytelling. Given that she’s often working with interviews recorded in Spanish, she takes special care to let her characters speak for more than the customary few seconds before fading their voices under the English translation. Maria not only wants you to understand the people in her stories, she also wants you to hear them.
An explanation for the different climate sensitivities of land and ocean surfaces based on the diurnal cycle
Authors: Kleidon Axel , Renner Maik
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Observations and climate model simulations consistently show a higher climate sensitivity of land surfaces compared to ocean surfaces. Here we show that this difference in temperature sensitivity can be explained by the different means by which the diurnal variation in solar radiation is buffered. While ocean surfaces buffer the diurnal variations by heat storage changes below the surface, land surfaces buffer it mostly by heat storage changes above the surface in the lower atmosphere that are reflected in the diurnal growth of a convective boundary layer. Storage changes below the surface allow the ocean surface–atmosphere system to maintain turbulent fluxes over day and night, while the land surface–atmosphere system maintains turbulent fluxes only during the daytime hours, when the surface is heated by absorption of solar radiation. This shorter duration of turbulent fluxes on land results in a greater sensitivity of the land surface–atmosphere system to changes in the greenhouse forcing because nighttime temperatures are shaped by radiative exchange only, which are more sensitive to changes in greenhouse forcing. We use a simple, analytic energy balance model of the surface–atmosphere system in which turbulent fluxes are constrained by the maximum power limit to estimate the effects of these different means to buffer the diurnal cycle on the resulting temperature sensitivities. The model predicts that land surfaces have a 50 % greater climate sensitivity than ocean surfaces, and that the nighttime temperatures on land increase about twice as much as daytime temperatures because of the absence of turbulent fluxes at night. Both predictions compare very well with observations and CMIP5 climate model simulations. Hence, the greater climate sensitivity of land surfaces can be explained by its buffering of diurnal variations in solar radiation in the lower atmosphere.
Modelling salinity in river systems using hybrid process and data-driven
models
Authors: Hunter Jason M. , Maier Holger R. , Gibbs Matthew S. , Foale Eloise R. , Grosvenor Naomi A. , Harders Nathan P. , Kikuchi-Miller Tahali C.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Salinity modelling in river systems is complicated by a number of processes, including in-stream salt transport and various mechanisms of saline accession that vary dynamically as a function of water level and flow, often at different temporal scales. Traditionally, salinity models in rivers have either been process- or data-driven. The primary problem with process-based models is that in many instances, not all of the underlying processes are fully understood or able to be represented mathematically, and that there are often insufficient historical data to support model development. The major limitation of data-driven models, such as artificial neural networks (ANNs), is that they provide limited system understanding and are generally not able to be used to inform management decisions targeting specific processes, as different processes are generally modelled implicitly. In order to overcome these limitations, a hybrid modelling approach is introduced and applied in this paper. As part of the approach, the most suitable sub-models are developed for each sub-process affecting salinity at the location of interest based on consideration of model purpose, degree of process understanding and data availability, which are then combined to form the hybrid model. The approach is applied to a 46 km reach of the River Murray in South Australia, which is affected by high levels of salinity. In this reach, the major processes affecting salinity include in-stream salt transport, accession of saline groundwater along the length of the reach and the flushing of three waterbodies in the floodplain during overbank flows of various magnitudes. Based on trade-offs between the degree of process understanding and data availability, a process-driven model is developed for in-stream salt transport, an ANN model is used to model saline groundwater accession and three linear regression models are used to account for the flushing of the different floodplain storages. The resulting hybrid model performs very well on approximately three years of daily validation data, with a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of 0.89 and a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 12.62 mg L−1 (over a range from approximately 50 to 250  mg L−1). Each component of the hybrid model results in noticeable improvements in model performance corresponding to the range of flows for which they are developed. The predictive performance of the hybrid model is significantly better than that of a benchmark process-driven model (NSE = −0.14, RMSE = 41.10 mg L−1) and slightly better than that of a benchmark data-driven (ANN) model (NSE = 0.83, RMSE = 15.93 mg L−1). However, apart from improved predictive performance, the hybrid model also has advantages over the ANN benchmark model in terms of increased capacity for improving system understanding and greater ability to support management decisions.
Brief communication: Characteristic properties of extreme wave events observed in the northern Baltic Proper, Baltic Sea
Authors: Björkqvist Jan-Victor , Tuomi Laura , Tollman Niko , Kangas Antti , Pettersson Heidi , Marjamaa Riikka , Jokinen Hannu , Fortelius Carl
Published: September 2017

Abstract. A significant wave height of 7 m has been measured five times by the northern Baltic Proper wave buoy in the Baltic Sea, exceeding 8 m twice (2004 and 2017). We classified these storms into two groups by duration and wave steepness. Interestingly, the two highest events exhibited opposite properties, with the 2017 event being the longest storm on record. This storm is also the first where the harshest wave conditions were modelled to occur in the western part of the Baltic Proper. The metrics quantifying the storm's duration and steepness might aid in issuing warnings for extreme wave conditions.
An algorithm for estimating the detection efficiency of a lightning location system
Authors: Hu Haibo , Zhang Xiya
Published: September 2017

Abstract. This paper puts forward an algorithm for estimating the detection efficiency (DE) of a lightning location system (LLS). The algorithm can be applied to lightning flash/stroke density correction (e.g., cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning flash/stroke density) and LLS performance evaluation. A lightning strike density correction for DE promotes the applicability of the LLS data. Fundamentally, the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution was found to best fit the probability distribution of the signal strengths of the lightning observed by the ADTD detectors in Beijing, China. With respect to this probability distribution, we estimated the single-station acceptance damped by the uneven underlying land surface conductivity. Accounting for the multi-detector location modes supported by single-station acceptance, the iterative algorithm was applied for deducing the DE of a LLS. In this case study, the DE estimates of the ADTD network were lower in the mountainous areas than in the plains. These lower estimates can be due to the low underlying conductivity of the mountainous areas, which creates a high attenuation effect on the lightning electromagnetic signals, and the greater distances from the lightning detectors. Subsequently, the cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning flash/stroke density derived from the ADTD data was corrected for the DEs. The results indicated that the CG lightning flash/stroke densities in the northern and northwestern mountainous areas are lower than that in the highly urbanized plains. This anomaly is due to the effects of the increased roughness of the underlying land surfaces, enhanced aerosols, urban heat island (UHI), and intensifying thunderstorm activities in urban areas, but this anomaly is not likely related to the DE discrepancy.
In situ measurement of meltwater percolation flux in seasonal alpine
snowpack using self potential and capillary pressure sensors
Authors: Clayton Wilson S.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Downward flux of percolating meltwater was measured quantitatively in an in situ vertical profile, in an alpine snowpack, at a remote location. Three separate measurement systems were used to obtain multiple parameters required to calculate percolation flux. Brooks-Corey constitutive parameters were measured in a 0 °C isothermal snow sample test cell, and then applied to an on-site snow column test. The instrumented column test allowed calculation of fluxes, that were then calibrated to measured outflow to empirically determine an appropriate value of zeta potential. In situ measurements with data logging of self-potential (SP) and capillary pressure sensors then allowed calculation of flux from SP measurements (qsp), expressed as darcy velocity, over a multi-day period. The results strongly reflected diurnal snow melt dynamics, and daily peak qsp ranged from 5.6 to 105 cm/d. qsp was comparable to actual fluxes, represented by changes in snow water equivalent (SWE) (2.5 to 5.3 cm/d) measured at an adjacent USDA SNOTEL station. The average error in qsp was 8 % over a four-day period, with total calculated flux of 18.1 cm, compared to a 16.8 cm change in SNOTEL SWE. Daily (24-hour period) errors ranged from +26 % to −47 %. The methodology developed herein can combine SP with either capillary pressure or saturation measurements. The ability to measure meltwater percolation flux in snowpacks may support mathematical modeling of unsaturated flow processes in melting snow, and may supplement studies of snowmelt-groundwater and snowmelt-runoff interactions and glacier mass balance studies.
Effect of teaching patients neck stretching exercises on neck pain and disability following thyroidectomy
Authors: Abd-El Mohsen Sahar A. , Ahmed Nagwa M.
Published: September 2017

Objective: The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of teaching patients stretching neck exercises on pain and disability of the neck following thyroidectomy.Methods: Research design: a randomized controlled trial was utilized. Setting: the study was conducted at the general surgery ward and outpatient surgery clinic-Assiut university hospital. Sample: 60 adult male and female patients scheduled to undergo thyroidectomy and are willing to take part in this study. Tools of data collection: Tool (I): Patient assessment sheet, Tool II: Neck pain and disability index questionnaire.Results: There was no statistically significant difference between both groups regarding their socio-demographic variables and medical data while there was a highly statistical significant difference between both groups regarding pain in the neck and disability 7 days post thyroidectomy.Conclusions: Teaching and applying neck stretching exercises significantly improved the neck condition of patients in the study group regarding pain and disability of the neck. Nurses working in the general surgery department must include the stretching neck exercises in care and follow-up protocols of patients undergoing total thyroidectomy and to use the validated neck pain and disability questionnaire in monitoring patient’s condition.
The retention of ACCESS nursing assistant graduates in rural Uganda
Authors: Sadigh Mitra , Sarfeh Jamie , Kalyesubula Robert
Published: September 2017

Background: In 2004, the African Community Center for Social Sustainability (ACCESS) established a Nursing Assistant School in Nakaseke, a rural district in Uganda, to address the region’s severe shortage of healthcare resources. A survey conducted in July 2014 assessed the retention of its graduates in rural healthcare work.Methods: A survey aimed at evaluating the retention of ACCESS graduates in rural areas was created with the help of local stakeholders, focusing on demographics, the training program, employment, career development goals, and community impact. A short-form telephone survey was administered to graduates living outside Nakaseke, and a long-form in-person survey to graduates residing close to the school. Quantitative data was analyzed using standard statistical software, and qualitative data via identification of common themes.Results: Thirty-seven participants were contacted using telephone numbers stored in a database containing information for 109 graduates. The mean participant age was 24 years, and 86.5% were female. Nearly all worked in healthcare (91.1%), primarily in health clinics (37.14%) and pharmacies (33.33%) in communities they described as rural (80%), low-resource (60%), and underserved (25.7%). Most graduates planned to continue working in healthcare (85.3%) in rural areas (61.3%). All felt that their work positively impacts their community.Conclusions: The ACCESS nursing assistant training program provided a stepping stone for trainees while contributing to increased health service provision to the community. Rural-focused location and school curriculum, along with confidence building, may help retain nursing assistant trainees in underserved areas.
Migração no semiárido setentrional: dinâmica recente, retorno e políticas sociais
Authors: Ojima Ricardo , Fusco Wilson
Published: September 2017

O objetivo do artigo é desenvolver uma análise descritiva do perfil da migração recente no semiárido setentrional. A partir de uma abordagem sociodemográfica, analisaram-se algumas características da migração interestadual separando os municípios que compõem o semiárido setentrional e fora dele segundo as Unidades da Federação. O trabalho analisou ainda o perfil desses migrantes considerando o recebimento de programas sociais. Os dados censitários do ano de 2010 permitiram identificar que o impacto da migração é mais forte sobre a região do semiárido e que, embora ainda sejam áreas de saldos negativos, o retorno migratório e seus efeitos indiretos se constituem como peça fundamental para entender as dinâmicas intrarregionais. Os programas sociais aparentemente possuem maior impacto sobre os migrantes de retorno e são mais importantes na região do semiárido.
Mulheres à esquerda e à direita: carreiras políticas e partidos políticos
Authors: Resende Roberta Carnelos , Epitácio Sara
Published: September 2017

O objetivo do artigo é identificar os perfis socioeconômicos e políticos das deputadas federais eleitas em 2014. Pretende-se responder às seguintes questões: Quais os partidos que conseguiram eleger mulheres? Existem diferenças significativas quando considerados o espectro ideológico? Como se deu a distribuição destas parlamentares nas Unidades Federativas? Qual o perfil das eleitas em relação à escolaridade, idade e profissão? De que forma o tempo de filiação partidária se relaciona às mulheres dos diferentes partidos? Possuir relações de parentesco com políticos estabelecidos é uma característica importante neste grupo? Nossa hipótese principal corrobora a tese já consagrada na literatura de que os parlamentares de partidos de esquerda percorrem uma trajetória longeva dentro de um mesmo partido, e que para conquistar um cargo eletivo como de deputado federal, estes políticos passam antes por outros cargos, tais como vereadores, deputados estaduais e, por vezes, prefeitos (SANTOS E SIERNA, 2007; MIGUEL, 2003). Por outro lado, nos partidos de centro e direita é possível observar a utilização de atalhos, tais como capital político acumulado por outros indivíduos e compartilhado mediante relações de parentesco, de modo que a conquista do cargo ocorre de maneira precoce.
O “bem básico” como princípio substantivo da ação desconfiada: a economia de tensão em viagens de ônibus na cidade do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Talone Vittorio
Published: September 2017

Neste artigo é analisado como as práticas de desconfiança mobilizadas no Rio de Janeiro por usuários pagantes e funcionários de ônibus urbanos, frente aos diferentes “perigos” projetados por eles sobre a cidade, possuem como princípio substantivo a expectativa de dano quanto à integridade física e patrimonial, elementos componentes do proposto como “bem básico”. Explorando esta forma de bem, é trabalhado como a desconfiança ainda permite uma economia quanto ao gasto de energia que seria mobilizado com a tensão pela concretização dos “perigos” então evitados ou afastados. Trata-se, portanto, de compreender os elementos que permitem a efetivação de ações desconfiadas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro.
O Precariado e as mobilizações de massa no mundo contemporâneo
Authors: Lopes Wibbson Ribeiro
Published: September 2017

Resenha de "A pulsão plebeia", de Ruy Braga.
“Onde é o meu lar?” A aplicação da convenção da Haia sobre os aspectos civis do sequestro internacional de crianças e o princípio do melhor interesse da criança
Authors: Andrade Ribeiro Mayra Thais
Published: September 2017

O artigo analisa a aplicação da Convenção da Haia sobre os Aspectos Civis do Sequestro Internacional de Crianças (1980) a partir do principio do melhor interesse da criança. O termo “sequestro” é referente ao ato do deslocamento ilegal, do infante de seu país ou a sua retenção indevida em outro que não o de sua residência habitual, sem a autorização da outra pessoa detentora da guarda, ainda que compartilhada. A metodologia utilizada nesta pesquisa pauta-se no procedimento jurídico-analítico, através do levantamento bibliográfico especializado, verificação de documentos e dados oficiais publicados e jurisprudência. Conclui-se que, enquanto o principio do melhor interesse da criança não for o ponto principal de interpretação e aplicação da Convenção, os trabalhos realizados pelas autoridades competentes serão ineficientes nas questões envolvendo o pedido de retorno ou direito de visita.
Call for action on radon in child care settings
Authors: Phipps Erica , Nicol Anne-Marie , Giesbrecht Don , Cooper Kathleen , Baytalan Greg , Bush Kelley
Published: September 2017

Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive soil gas that can build up to harmful levels in indoor spaces. It is a known carcinogen and the second leading cause of lung cancer in Canada. Despite its known risks and the availability of testing and remediation measures, most child care facilities in Canada are not tested to ensure that radon levels are below the Canadian guideline. We examine recent efforts to promote radon action in the child care sector and conclude that voluntary approaches that rely on child care staff to “go it alone” in ensuring radon safety often fall short. Such approaches are unlikely to achieve radon safety at every child care program and thus could exacerbate health inequities given uneven resources and capacity. A review of the regulatory landscape reveals specific requirements for radon testing in child care facilities remain scarce in Canada, despite their existence elsewhere. Other available legal instruments that address radiation more generally, and that could apply to radon in child care facilities, are underutilized. We argue that, whether through regulations, licensing requirements or ministry-funded programs, a comprehensive approach to radon safety in child care settings is needed to protect both children and staff.
PET-BCC: Um PET Temático em Desenvolvimento de Software
Authors: Souza Felipe Sampaio de , Aquino José Vitor De Carvalho , Mauch Muriel Guilherme Alves , Migliatti Pedro Henrique , Katsurada Leticia Yumi , Caetano Julia De Moura , Silva Fernando Messias da , Yonamine Thiago , Pinto Alexandre Da Silva Lara , Camargo Valter Vieira de , Penteado Rosângela Aparecida Dellosso , Santos Antonio Carlos Dos
Published: September 2017

O PET-BCC é um grupo temático com o foco em desenvolvimento de software. Além das responsabilidades convencionais de qualquer grupo PET, os temáticos possuem a responsabilidade de desenvolver atividades também voltadas ao seu tema, gerando conhecimento mais direcionado e contribuindo de forma mais pontual para a formação dos estudantes. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar os projetos que são desenvolvidos, a organização e a dinâmica de funcionamento do grupo. Apresentam-se também os desafios, limitações e estratégias de gerenciamento que são atualmente adotadas de forma que outros grupos PET possam se beneficiar.
Análise fitoquímica e das atividades citotóxica, antioxidante, e antibacteriana das flores de Tabebuia serratifolia (Vahl) Nicholson
Authors: Barcelos Izabel Bárbara , Bulian Alexandra Luiza , Calazans Richard Richard da Silva Pereira , Degen Andressa Nayara , Alves Lorraynie de Oliveira , Sobral Fabiana de Oliveira Solla , Salvi Jeferson de Oliveira
Published: September 2017

O presente estudo objetivou realizar a análise fitoquímica e avaliar as atividades antioxidante, citotóxica e antimicrobiana das flores de Tabebuia serratifolia. A análise fitoquímica foi realizada por meio de testes qualitativos colorimétricos, a citotoxicidade pelo teste de letalidade frente à Artemia Salina, a atividade antioxidante foi avaliada pela capacidade de desativação do radical 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazila (DPPH) e a atividade antibacteriana foi avaliada pelo método de difusão em disco, frente aos microrganismos Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus e Shigella spp. Os resultados revelaram a presença de flavonoides, saponinas e triterpenos e/ou esteroides. Observou-se a citotoxicidade (DL50=679 µg/mL), atividade antioxidante (CE50=86 mg/mL) e atividade antibacteriana sobre todas as cepas testadas.
Determinação do protocolo de assepsia para reprodução in vitro de Euterpe precatoria MART.
Authors: Batista Bárbara Nunes , Raposo Nadia V.M. , Liberato Maria Astrid R.
Published: September 2017

Euterpe precatoria Mart. (Arecaceae), importante em aspectos socioeconômico e ecológico por fornecer o “vinho” e palmito, é apreciada em praticamente todo o Brasil. Porém, ao retirar o palmito, executa-se a palmeira, que não perfilha, carecendo reprodução imediata. A micropropagação é o conjunto de técnicas que visa a reprodução em ambiente asséptico, a partir de fragmentos vegetais induzidos, por meio de cultivo artificial com vitaminas e nutrientes necessários. Assim, o objetivo dessa pesquisa foi avaliar protocolos de desinfecção para reprodução in vitro de embriões e explantes foliares de E. precatoria em meios Murashige e Skoog (1962), e meio comercial para Orquídeas B&G Flores – Nutrição vegetal, a fim de baratear a produção. Retirados de forma asséptica, as amostras foram submetidas a tratamento com Álcool 70%, Hipoclorito de Sódio 2%, Fungicida Amistar® a 10% e Glutaron® a 10% variando-se no tempo de imersão. A avaliação foi feita, diariamente, a partir da quantia total de tubos contaminados e não contaminados. Constatou-se contaminações por bactérias nos embriões e oxidação nos explantes foliares. Assim, os adequados para explante foliar apresentou 20% de contaminação em B&G e 40% em MS. Para embriões a porcentagem de contaminação foi 40% em MS e 33% em meio B&G.
Etnobotânica de plantas medicinais utilizadas no distrito de Vista Alegre, Claro dos Poções – Minas Gerais
Authors: Fagundes Nathalle Cristine Alencar , Oliveira Gisele Lopes , De Souza Betânia Guedes
Published: September 2017

Um estudo etnobotânico do uso de plantas medicinais foi realizado em Vista Alegre, distrito de Claro dos Poções - MG, de Novembro/2009 a Maio/2010. Em um total de 37 pessoas, 22 mulheres e 15 homens foram entrevistados. A idade dos participantes variou de 29 a 90 anos, onde 46% apresentaram idade entre 61 e 76 anos, e 19% entre 77 e 90 anos. Foram identificadas 101 espécies utilizadas como medicinais distribuídas em 46 famílias botânicas, em que, as mais representativas foram Fabaceae (17 spp.) e Asteraceae (10 spp.). As espécies Amburana cearensis (IR = 2,0) e Croton antisyphiliticus (IR = 1,6) tiveram maior importância relativa. A maioria das espécies é nativa do Brasil (85%). Os resultados mostram que os informantes têm um grande conhecimento sobre plantas medicinais nativas da região. Portanto, este trabalho pode representar uma forma de resgate cultural, já que este conhecimento encontra-se nas pessoas mais velhas.
Hepatotoxicidade relacionada ao uso de suplementos herbais e dietéticos (HDS)
Authors: Begotti Renata lauren , Sato Marcelo del Olmo , Santiago Ronise Martins
Published: September 2017

Os suplementos herbais e dietéticos (HDS) são cada vez mais consumidos. Utilizados principalmente para perda de peso, melhora da estética corporal, prevenção de doenças e retardo dos efeitos do envelhecimento. Existe uma crença popular que os HDS são seguros, porém relatos de casos de hepatotoxicidade vêm sendo cada vez mais descritos por usuários destes produtos. Desta forma, objetivo principal desta revisão bibliográfica foi discorrer sobre a relação entre o uso dos HDS e a hepatotoxicidade, correlacionando á existência de casos clínicos descritos ou relatados na literatura. Para tal, foi utilizado como metodologia o levantamento de dados de natureza básica, qualitativa e exploratória. Foram localizados um total de 154 documentos referentes ao assunto, destes 34 atenderam ao objeto de estudo. A característica clínica mais prevalente nos casos de hepatotoxicidade identificados foi à lesão hepática geral, seguida de lesão hepatocelular, além de doença hepática induzida por drogas (DILI) e lesão hepática aguda. Assim como a ocorrência de óbitos e pacientes que necessitaram ser submetidos a transplantes de fígado. Após todo o levantamento de dados realizado para a construção desta revisão, foi perceptível a relação entre a hepatotoxicicdade e o uso indiscriminado de HDS.