bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Servitization and the Effect of Training on Service Delivery System Performance
Authors: Karatzas Antonios , Papadopoulos Georgios , Godsell Janet
Published: January 2020

Manufacturers moving into services must design a service delivery system that can effectively and efficiently support their product‐service offerings. Commonly, such manufacturers outsource customer service and support to independent service suppliers, while maintaining the ownership and control of certain service units. Despite the increasing number of studies in service triads investigating ways that may improve service performance and customer satisfaction, the dynamics of mixed‐ownership service delivery systems have remained understudied. By deploying the Motivation–Opportunity–Ability (MOA) framework, and synthesizing insights from research in franchising and the literature on training effectiveness, we hypothesize that manufacturer‐led formal training increases the service performance of the entire network, but that outsourced service units choose more suitable training courses and derive comparatively higher performance benefits than company‐owned ones. We test (and find support for) our hypotheses within the UK service network of a major commercial vehicles manufacturer, using several panel data regression models and objective measures of training and performance. This study primarily contributes to the literature on servitization and service triads by showing the performance‐enhancing capacity of manufacturer‐led training. The results have practical implications for the development and implementation of the service operations strategy of servitized manufacturers that support customers through mixed‐ownership service networks.
Validation of criteria to identify severe maternal morbidity
Authors: Himes Katherine P. , Bodnar Lisa M.
Published: January 2020

Background

Epidemiologic research on severe maternal morbidity often relies on a screening definition of the outcome because a gold standard approach requires medical record review.

Objective

To determine the validity of screening or identification criteria to classify cases of severe maternal morbidity using the definition of severe maternal morbidity proposed by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG).

Methods

From all singleton deliveries at Magee‐Womens Hospital in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (2010‐2011; n = 19 307), we selected all deliveries that had at least one screening or identification criteria for severe maternal morbidity (n = 349) and a random sample of deliveries with no case identification criteria (n = 349). Screen‐positive deliveries were a delivery with any of the following: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention International Classification of Diseases 9th Revision diagnosis and procedure codes for the identification of severe maternal morbidity; prolonged post‐partum length of stay; or maternal intensive care unit admission. We identified true cases through detailed chart review using the suggested diagnoses in the 2016 ACOG and SMFM Obstetric Care Consensus on severe maternal morbidity. We calculated the positive and negative predictive values of the screening criteria.

Results

Approximately 1.8% of deliveries screened positive for severe maternal morbidity. After medical record review, 166 screen‐positive deliveries were true cases (48% positive predictive value), and 347 screen‐negative cases were true negatives (99% negative predictive value). Two screen‐negative cases were false negatives. If we applied the negative predictive value to the population, 109 true cases would be missed with these criteria.

Conclusion

The criteria we used to identify potential cases of severe acute maternal morbidity had poor performance in our cohort. In the absence of resources to apply the gold standard outcome definition to a large population, validation data and analytic strategies that incorporate measurement error are essential to estimate the direction and magnitude of the resulting bias.
Reflectance confocal microscopy may be included as part of the diagnostic algorithm of early‐stage mycosis fungoides
Authors: Zhu Mengyan , Yu Wenzhong , Wang Ping , Liu Jiao , Li Zhao , Dai Hui , Xu Ai‐E
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), a noninvasive, real‐time technique of computed tomography, has been widely used for pigmentary, inflammatory, and tumor diseases of the skin.

Aim

Our main purpose was to analyze the consistency between pathological and RCM characteristics of early‐stage mycosis fungoides (MF) and the utility of RCM in the diagnosis of early‐stage MF.

Methods

According to the RCM features of MF in the early stage, the biopsy sites of 40 cases of suspected MF and 20 cases of chronic inflammatory skin diseases clinically were preliminarily located. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical examinations were performed to make a diagnosis based on the diagnostic algorithm proposed by the International Society for Cutaneous Lymphomas.

Results

Among the 60 patients observed, there were 12 confirming cases of MF, 14 suspecting cases, 6 not completely excluding cases, and 28 eliminating cases according to the diagnostic algorithm, as well as characteristics of RCM were typical in 8 cases, suspected in 16 cases, not excluded in 3 cases, and excluded in 33 cases. The kappa value was 0.769 (P < .01), which means there is a strong consistency between the classification by RCM and the diagnosis algorithm. MF in patch stage and plaque stage (IA to IIB) has typical characteristics of RCM, respectively.

Conclusions

RCM can be used as an objective and convenient auxiliary means to diagnose early‐stage MF and may be included as part of the diagnostic algorithm of early‐stage MF.
SUMOylation of MYB30 enhances salt tolerance by elevating alternative respiration via transcriptionally upregulating AOX1a in Arabidopsis
Authors: Gong Qianyuan , Li Sha , Zheng Yuan , Duan Hongqin , Xiao Fei , Zhuang Yufen , He Jiaxian , Wu Guochun , Zhao Shuangshuang , Zhou Huapeng , Lin Honghui
Published: January 2020

Salt stress reduces crop growth and productivity globally. Here we report that a R2R3‐MYB transcription factor MYB30 participates in salt tolerance in Arabidopsis. MYB30 can be SUMOylated by SIZ1 in response to salt stress and the lysine (K)283 of MYB30 is essential for its SUMOylation. In contrast to wild‐type MYB30, the MYB30K283R mutant failed to rescue the salt‐sensitive phenotype of the myb30‐2 mutant, indicating that SUMOylation of MYB30 is required for the salt‐stress response. Through transcriptomic analysis, we identified a MYB30 target, alternative oxidase 1a (AOX1a). MYB30 binds the promoter of AOX1a and upregulates its expression in response to salt stress; however, MYB30K283R cannot bind the promoter of AOX1a. The cyanide (CN)‐resistant alternative respiration (Alt) mediated by AOX is significantly reduced in the myb30‐2 mutant through the loss of function of MYB30. As a result, the redox homeostasis is disrupted in the myb30‐2 mutant compared with that in wild‐type seedlings (WT) under salt conditions. The artificial elimination of excess reactive oxygen species partially rescues the salt‐sensitive phenotype of the myb30‐2 mutant, whereas after the exogenous application of SHAM, an inhibitor of AOXs and Alt respiration, the salt tolerance of Col‐0 and the complemented plants decreased to a level similar to that observed in myb30‐2. Finally, overexpression of AOX1a in myb30‐2 confers WT‐like salt tolerance compared with that of the myb30‐2 mutant. Taken together, our results revealed a functional link between MYB30 and AOX1a, and indicated that SIZ1‐mediated SUMOylation of MYB30 enhances salt tolerance by regulating Alt respiration and cellular redox homeostasis via AOX1a in Arabidopsis.
Labour market adjustment to third‐party competition: Evidence from Mexico
Authors: Robertson Raymond , Halliday Timothy J. , Vasireddy Sindhu
Published: January 2020

China's exports reduce wages in importing countries, but few studies have looked at competition in third‐party markets. We examine labour market outcomes in Mexico's apparel and textile sectors associated with US apparel and textile imports from China. Using data on US imports in conjunction with quarterly Mexican labour force surveys, we show that US imports from China are associated with a reduction of employment in Mexico's apparel and textile sectors. These effects are the most pronounced for the least educated. Wages were not impacted on net except for possibly the poorest which would indicate stronger local labour market ties in the left tail of the wage distribution. Finally, the effects of trade‐induced demand shocks dissipate after about two quarters indicating low firm‐level adjustment costs.
Clinical features of canine nodal T‐cell lymphomas classified as CD8+ or CD4−CD8− by flow cytometry
Authors: Harris Lauren J. , Rout Emily D. , Labadie Julia D. , Avery Paul R. , Fernandez Monica , Yoshimoto Janna , Avery Anne C.
Published: January 2020

Canine T‐cell lymphoma (TCL) encompasses a heterogeneous group of diseases with variable clinical presentation, cytomorphology, immunophenotype, and biologic behaviour. The most common types of TCL in dogs involving peripheral lymph nodes include indolent T‐zone lymphoma (TZL) and biologically aggressive peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL). TCL phenotypes can be categorized by expression of the surface antigen molecules CD4 and CD8. The majority of TCL cases are CD4+, with far fewer cases being CD8+ or CD4− CD8−. The clinical features of CD4+ TCLs have been previously described. The less common TCL phenotypes, however, are poorly characterized with little to no information about prognosis. In this retrospective study, we describe and correlate the presenting clinical signs, flow cytometry, and outcomes of 119 dogs diagnosed with nodal, non‐TZL, CD8+ or CD4− CD8− TCL by flow cytometry. Skin lesions present at the time of diagnosis were more commonly observed in the CD8+ TCL group. Mediastinal enlargement and/or hypercalcemia were more commonly seen in the CD4− CD8− TCL group. Dogs with either CD8+ or CD4− CD8− TCLs had aggressive clinical disease with median overall survival (OS) times of 198 days and 145 days, respectively. In both groups, neoplastic cell size determined by flow cytometry ranged from small to large, and large cell size was associated with shorter OS times (median OS = 61 days). Cases classified as small cell had a median OS of 257 days. Expression levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and CD5 were highly variable among cases but were not prognostically significant in this group of patients.
Preservice Science Teachers’ Misconceptions About Evolution
Authors: Karataş Ayla
Published: January 2020

Misconceptions/misunderstandings are a basic problem often encountered in topics in education. “Misunderstandings” commonly observed about evolution makes it difficult for biology teachers to teach this topic. Reasons that are related to teachers are a basic source of misconceptions. Misconceptions can increase incrementally if their source is teachers. This study aims to determine the nature and scope of nonscientific views about evolution in preservice science teachers. An important step in correcting misconceptions or misunderstandings is to first determine the frequently observed misunderstandings. This study investigates and compares the misconceptions of students who have completed an evolution course and those who have not. The results showed that an evolution course considerably decreased the misconceptions. The most frequently observed misconceptions were; considering evolution as the effort to bring living things to perfection, associating evolution only with Darwin, identifying evolution with metamorphosis, thinking that living things evolve to accommodate, and having only a human-focused perspective about evolution. The idea that believing in evolution is an alternative to believing in a creator; that it is not possible for someone to believe in a creator and, at the same time in evolution, or vice versa also appeared as a noteworthy misconception revealed by the study.
The homological projective dual of
Authors: Rennemo Jørgen Vold
Published: January 2020

We study the derived category of a complete intersection $X$ of bilinear divisors in the orbifold $\operatorname{Sym}^{2}\mathbb{P}(V)$. Our results are in the spirit of Kuznetsov’s theory of homological projective duality, and we describe a homological projective duality relation between $\operatorname{Sym}^{2}\mathbb{P}(V)$ and a category of modules over a sheaf of Clifford algebras on $\mathbb{P}(\operatorname{Sym}^{2}V^{\vee })$. The proof follows a recently developed strategy combining variation of geometric invariant theory (VGIT) stability and categories of global matrix factorisations. We begin by translating $D^{b}(X)$ into a derived category of factorisations on a Landau–Ginzburg (LG) model, and then apply VGIT to obtain a birational LG model. Finally, we interpret the derived factorisation category of the new LG model as a Clifford module category. In some cases we can compute this Clifford module category as the derived category of a variety. As a corollary we get a new proof of a result of Hosono and Takagi, which says that a certain pair of non-birational Calabi–Yau 3-folds have equivalent derived categories.
Integration of energy homeostasis and stress by parvocellular neurons in rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus
Authors: Melnick Igor , Krishtal Oleg A. , Colmers William F.
Published: January 2020

Key points

Central regulation of energy homeostasis and stress are believed to be reciprocally regulated, i.e. excessive food intake suppresses, while prolonged hunger exacerbates, stress responses in vivo.

This relationship may be mediated by neuroendocrine parvocellular corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus that receive both stress‐ and feeding‐related input.

We find that hunger strongly and selectively potentiates, while re‐feeding suppresses, a cellular analogue of a stress response induced by acute glucopenia in CRH neurons in rat hypothalamic slices.

Neuronal activation in response to glucopenia was mediated synaptically, via the relative enhancement of glutamate over GABA input.

These results illustrate how acute stress responses may be initiated in vivo and show that it is reciprocally integrated with energy balance via local hypothalamic mechanisms acting at the level of CRH neurons and their afferent terminals.

Increased food intake is a common response to help cope with stress, implying the existence of a previously postulated but imperfectly understood, inverse relationship between the regulation of feeding and stress. We have identified components of the neural circuitry that can integrate these homeostatic responses. Prior fasting (∼24 h) potentiates, and re‐feeding suppresses, excitatory responses to acute glucopenia in about half of the corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)‐expressing, putatively neurosecretory, stress‐related neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus studied. Glucoprivation stress ex vivo resulted from a preferential relative increase in excitatory (glutamatergic) over inhibitory (GABAergic) inputs. Putative preautonomic cells were less sensitive to fasting, and showed a predominant inhibition to acute glucopenia. We conclude that hunger may sensitize hypothalamic stress responses by acting via local mechanisms, at the level of CRH neurons and their presynaptic inputs. Those mechanisms involve neither presynaptic ATP‐sensitive potassium channels nor postsynaptic ATP levels.
Optimization of Pipe Insulation Volume for a Subsea Production System
Authors: Hong Cheng , Wang Yuxi , Yang Jiankun , Estefen Segen F. , Lourenço Marcelo Igor
Published: January 2020

The increasing of deepwater oil field developments brings a growing need for thermal management to prevent hydrate and wax formations in the subsea production system, due to the low environment temperature and long-distance transportation. Pipeline insulation coating is a typical strategy for thermal management. In a subsea production system, pressure, temperature, flowrate, and length of each flowline vary, leading to different thermal performances of the transported fluid. Therefore, the insulation coating should be carefully designed from the overall perspective to minimize the total material volume, thus reducing the cost. In this paper, an optimization model for the insulation material volume of a rigid subsea flowline system is proposed. Then, the best insulation thickness of each subsea flowline can be determined under given flow parameters and temperature requirements. The factor that defines the temperature drop from the riser base to the top termination is introduced and analyzed. There is a proper temperature drop factor associated with the insulation material volume for subsea flowlines, as well as a proper insulation capacity for the risers. This optimization model can define the subsea system insulation and provide reliable results for cost estimation.
Mechanics of Buckled Kirigami Membranes for Stretchable Interconnects in Island-Bridge Structures
Authors: Tang Ruitao , Fu Haoran
Published: January 2020

Island-bridge structures incorporated with kirigami membranes emerge as a novel design strategy for flexible/stretchable electronics, taking advantages of large stretchability, high-surface filling ratio and low resistance. However, it is hard to determine the mechanical properties of this design due to its complex geometries and nonlinear deformation configuration, thereby limiting its further applications. In this paper, we present a model for the postbuckling behavior of kirigami membranes through a combination of theoretical modeling, finite element analysis, and experiments. Scaling laws for elastic stretchability are developed, showing good agreement with numerical results and experimental images. Investigations on the critical height of post array are conducted to ensure the boundary condition of the kirigami membranes in the analytical model. These results can serve as design guidelines for kirigami structures and facilitate their applications in flexible/stretchable electronics.
Effects of Residual Stress on the Hardness of Elastoplastic Material Under Spherical Indentation
Authors: Yuan Lingxiao , Yuan Weike , Wang Gangfeng
Published: January 2020

Residual stress can strongly affect the mechanical behaviors of engineering components. In this work, the authors revisit the role of equi-biaxial residual stress in the spherical indentation of elastoplastic solids by the finite element method. When specified residual stress remains in the body, the material hardness and the corresponding indentation depth at the inception of fully plastic deformation are examined for the first time. It is found that the hardness is remarkably dependent on the value of residual stress, especially for materials with a relatively small ratio of modulus to yield strength. Based on the dimensional analysis as well as numerical calculations, explicit expressions of the hardness and the critical indentation depth are generalized with respect to residual stress, indentation modulus, and yield strength. These results can be employed in the analysis and determination of residual stress by spherical indentation tests.
Combined Enhancement Techniques on Double Tube Heat Exchanger Using Nanofluid and Helicoid Tube Shape
Authors: Alhendal Yousef , Gomaa Abdalla , Abdelmagied Mahmoud
Published: January 2020

The thermofluid characteristics of Al2O3–water nanofluid in the annulus of double-helical coiled tubes were experimentally and numerically carried out. The purpose was to investigate the effect of combined enhancement techniques of nanofluid and helicoid tube shape on the performance of a double tube heat exchanger. The effects of concentration of nanoparticles, Reynolds number, coil curvature ratio, and flow arrangement through the annulus of double-helical coiled tube were the main points of interest. Three coiled tube heat exchangers were manufactured and experimentally tested to study the design parameters on the performance of such a heat exchanger. A three-dimensional numerical computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model was developed to get additional insights on the thermal performance of double helically coiled tubes with nanofluid on a level of details not always available in experiments. It was found that the Al2O3–water nanofluid achieved an enhancement by 32% on the overall heat transfer coefficient. The heat exchanger effectiveness, heat transfer per unit pumping power, and the Nusselt number were also presented for different design parameters.
Optimal Layout Design of a Liquefied Natural Gas FPSO: A Case Study
Authors: Lee Sang-Hyun , Roh Myung-Il , Oh Min-Jae , Kim Ki-Su
Published: January 2020

An liquefied natural gas (LNG) FPSO is a floating, production, storage, and offloading facility with a LNG plant, including all ancillary facilities. In contrast to commercial vessels, the various parts of the process are located topside and are distributed as modules that are installed on the deck. The design of an LNG FPSO requires many considerations such as international codes and standards, the owner's requirements, and the operation and maintenance philosophy. To resolve the many considerations in FPSO design, we proposed an optimization method for the topside arrangement in the previous study. Based on the previous study, an integrated optimization technique for an LNG FPSO is proposed to obtain the optimal principle dimensions, the arrangement of the hull tanks, and the layout of the topside modules and equipment that satisfies many requirements for not only the topside but also the hull. As a case study, the topside and hull layout of an LNG FPSO is optimized in terms of safety, economics, and stability. The case study shows that the proposed method can develop the optimal layout design of an LNG FPSO.
Frictional Study of a High-Speed Helical Gear Pair Using Computational and Experimental Thermo-Elastic Analyses
Authors: Dobiáš Jiří , Hrubý Jan , Kordík Jozef , Pták Svatopluk , Masák Jan , Joch Jaroslav
Published: January 2020

The paper is concerned with frictional study of a high-speed lubricated helical gear pair. The objectives were numerical evaluations of temperature and stress fields of the gear pair and the analysis of their frictional interaction in terms of the coefficient of friction. The problem was also investigated experimentally by temperature measurements at several points of a tooth. We developed an algorithm of numerical modeling based on an iterative scheme generating a sequence of approximate solutions to the temperature and stress fields till attainment of convergence of the numerically obtained and measured temperatures. Since the coefficient of friction significantly affected the frictional heat flux and thereby the temperature fields, it was used as a calibration parameter of the numerical model. Its magnitude was updated from an initial value until the one the process reached convergence with. The outcomes of the study include the temperature and stress fields, the magnitude of the coefficient of friction, and the frictional heat flux distribution.
Mapping Raindrop Erosion of GFRP Composite Wind Turbine Blade Materials: Perspectives on Degradation Effects in Offshore and Acid Rain Environmental Conditions
Authors: Rasool Ghulam , Middleton Anna C. , Stack Margaret M.
Published: January 2020

Climate change is rapidly forcing the world to create renewable energy that is capable of sustaining future energy requirements globally. The generation of renewable energy at a comparatively lower cost is a major challenge for this industry. Unforeseen weather conditions and environments such as offshore conditions or involving acid rain have a significant effect on the degradation of structural materials of renewable energy devices. For the investigation of droplet erosion behavior of the advanced material for the wind turbine blades, experimental work was carried out on a glass fiber-reinforced epoxy (GFRE) composite in different environments. A whirling arm rig was used for this experimental work in a laboratory-simulated rainfall conditions at a constant tip speed of the rotor blade. Three types of rainwater were used for a range of angles of attack from 15 to 90 deg in an increment of 15 deg. Erosive wear maps have been constructed to show the weather, location, environment, and raindrop erosion effects on the degradation of the wind turbine blade material. This map predicts that erosion in saline and acidic rain conditions acts synergistically on the blade material, which results in delamination between the fiber layers, pit formation, and development of micro stresses leading to loss of adhesion of reinforcement fibers.
Tribological Studies of Epoxy Composites With UHMWPE and MoS2 Fillers Coated on Bearing Steel: Dry Interface and Grease Lubrication
Authors: Singh Neha , Sinha Sujeet K.
Published: January 2020

Epoxy with ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and MoS2 fillers was coated on a bearing steel (SAE 52100). Frictional and wear properties of the coated samples in sliding contact were investigated on a pin-on-disc tribometer under a normal load of 10 N and a linear sliding speed of 1 m/s against a bearing steel ball. The optimized coating composition (72 wt% Epoxy + 7 wt% hardener + 18 wt% UHMWPE + 3 wt% MoS2) showed highly improved tribological properties compared to pure epoxy and other epoxy-based composites. There was 75% reduction in the coefficient of friction (COF) in the dry interfacial condition (COF reduced from 0.2 to 0.05) over pure epoxy and 80% reduction with grease as the lubricant. The specific wear-rate of the composite was lower by five orders of magnitude over that of pure epoxy. Other mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength, and Young's modulus of the composite showed increments of 86%, 121%, and 43%, respectively, with respect to those of pure epoxy. 2–3 wt% of MoS2 had drastic effects on improving strength and reducing friction and wear of the composites. For dry sliding, initial abrasive and adhesive wear mechanisms led to transfer film formation on the steel counterface, and the shearing was mainly within the transfer film. For the grease-lubricated case, a thin layer of grease helped in easy shearing, and the transfer film formation was avoided. This epoxy-based composite will have applications as tribological coatings for journal bearings.
Erosion Model for Brittle Materials Under Low-Speed Impacts
Authors: Wang Zhen-Ting
Published: January 2020

The erosion of perfectly brittle materials under low-speed impacts is studied by the combination of the Hertzian contact theory and the maximum stress criterion. It is found that the fractional erosion per impact is proportional to the product of the square root of the yield strain and the ratio of the kinetic energy per volume of the impacting body to the critical strain energy density of the target. The novel formula is conceptually extended to the erosion of cracked brittle materials.
Analytical Prediction and Experimental Investigation of Burnishing Force in Rotary Ultrasonic Roller Burnishing Titanium Alloy Ti–6Al–4V
Authors: Zhao Jian , Liu Zhanqiang , Wang Bing , Cai Yukui , Song Qinghua
Published: January 2020

Ultrasonic burnishing is usually applied to make machined surface modification. The acoustic softening effect caused by ultrasonic vibration is beneficial to the machining of difficult-to-cut materials. In the present work, a burnishing force prediction model was proposed for rotary ultrasonic burnishing of titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V, whose surface had been machined with the face milling process. Firstly, the contact between the burnishing roller and one single milling mark was analyzed with plane strain assumption based on the Boussinesq–Flamant contact problem. Then, the effect of ultrasonic softening on the yield stress of Ti–6Al–4V was investigated. The critical contact width and contact load that the burnishing roller crushed on one single milling mark were examined to confirm the feasibility of the proposed ultrasonic burnishing force prediction model. The experimental verifications were carried out at various ultrasonic powers. The burnishing forces from experiment measurements were consistent with the calculated results from the proposed model. The mean deviations between theoretical and experimental results of the ultrasonic burnishing force were 10.4%, 12.2%, and 15.2%, corresponding to the ultrasonic power at the level of 41 W, 158 W, and 354 W, respectively.
Optical and mechanical properties of nanolaminates of zirconium and hafnium oxides grown by atomic layer deposition
Authors: Jõgiaas Taivo , Kull Mikk , Seemen Helina , Ritslaid Peeter , Kukli Kaupo , Tamm Aile
Published: January 2020

Nanolaminates of ZrO2 and HfO2 were grown by atomic layer deposition, using metal halides and water as precursors, on silicon and fused quartz substrates at 300 °C. The crystalline phase composition, optical refraction, and mechanical performance of the multilayers were influenced by the relative contents of the constituent metal oxides. The crystal growth in as-deposited HfO2 dominantly led to the monoclinic phase, whereas ZrO2 was partially crystallized as its metastable and hard tetragonal polymorph. The hardness and elasticity of the nanolaminate structures could be modified by varying the amounts of either oxide contributing to the crystallographic order formed in the solid films. The refractive indexes depended on the nanolaminate structure.
Leveraging Event Participation Benefits Beyond the Running Course: Deciphering the Motivational Basis of Event Satisfaction
Authors: Du James , Kennedy Heather , James Jeffrey D. , Funk Daniel C.
Published: January 2020

To combat the declining number of finishers plaguing the distance-running industry, it is increasingly important for organizers to optimize event satisfaction levels. Participants’ survey responses from two distance-running events (n1 = 2,324 and n2 = 2,526) were analyzed to challenge the traditional managerial scope and theoretical lens through which event satisfaction is conventionally examined. Results revealed five event benefits that capture key motivational antecedents of event satisfaction. Collectively, these benefits, including euphoric, fitness, competition, social, and entertainment benefits, influenced event satisfaction levels (R2 = 43%) and repeat consumption intentions (R2 = 23%). For event organizers to foster event satisfaction, it is central to encourage event preparation and participation that promotes the enjoyment of physical activity, fitness and appearance enhancement, socialization, competition, and excitement among registrants. Academics should also extend their scope of event satisfaction to fully capture the entirety of event experience lifecycles (e.g., from registration through event participation).
Gaming the system
Authors: Piller Charles
Published: January 2020

Clinical trial sponsors may faulty data or just not register their studies.
Singular charge fluctuations at a magnetic quantum critical point
Authors: Prochaska L. , Li X. , MacFarland D. C. , Andrews A. M. , Bonta M. , Bianco E. F. , Yazdi S. , Schrenk W. , Detz H. , Limbeck A. , Si Q. , Ringe E. , Strasser G. , Kono J. , Paschen S.
Published: January 2020

Spin-charge entanglement

Many physical properties follow characteristic scaling laws near quantum critical points, which are associated with phase transitions at absolute zero temperature. The material YbRh
2
Si
2
has an antiferromagnetic quantum critical point, where spin-related properties are expected to follow such a scaling. Unexpectedly, Prochaska
et al.
found that charge fluctuations follow a critical scaling as well. The researchers fabricated high-quality thin films of YbRh
2
Si
2
and used transmission spectroscopy to measure the optical conductivity of the film and infer the scaling. Their findings point to a highly entangled state of charge and spin, which may also be responsible for the strangemetal phase in this material.

Science
, this issue p.
285
How flight feathers stick together to form a continuous morphing wing
Authors: Matloff Laura Y. , Chang Eric , Feo Teresa J. , Jeffries Lindsie , Stowers Amanda K. , Thomson Cole , Lentink David
Published: January 2020

Wing shapes take flight

Birds can dynamically alter the shape of their wings during flight, although how this is accomplished is poorly understood. Matloff
et al.
found that two mechanisms control the movement of the individual feathers. Whenever the skeleton moves, the feathers are redistributed passively through compliance of the elastic connective tissue at the feather base. To prevent the feathers from spreading too far apart, hook-shaped microstructures on adjacent feathers form a directional fastener that locks adjacent feathers. These features are found across a range of bird sizes; however, because the detachment of the hooks is noisy, they are notably absent in silent fliers, such as barn owls.

Science
, this issue p.
293
Subwavelength dielectric resonators for nonlinear nanophotonics
Authors: Koshelev Kirill , Kruk Sergey , Melik-Gaykazyan Elizaveta , Choi Jae-Hyuck , Bogdanov Andrey , Park Hong-Gyu , Kivshar Yuri
Published: January 2020

Enhancing optical nonlinearity

Intense pulses of light interacting with a dielectric material can induce optical nonlinear behavior, whereby the frequency of the output light can be doubled or tripled or excited to even higher harmonics of the input light. Usually this interaction is weak and occurs over many thousands of wavelengths, typically requiring the combination of bulk volumes of material with a confining cavity. Using a mechanism of light confinement called bound states in the continuum, Koshelev
et al.
show that enhanced second-harmonic generation can be obtained in nanoscale subwavelength cylinders of a dielectric material. The results on these optical nanoantennas offer a platform for developing integrated nonlinear nanophotonic devices.

Science
, this issue p.
288
Water loss regulates cell and vesicle volume
Authors: King Jason S. , Smythe Elizabeth
Published: January 2020

Active control of vesicle water content ensures that cell size is maintained when extracellular fluid is taken up
GlnR Negatively Regulates Glutamate-Dependent Acid Resistance in Lactobacillus brevis
Authors: Gong Luchan , Ren Cong , Xu Yan
Published: January 2020

Free-living lactic acid bacteria often encounter acid stresses because of their organic acid-producing features. Several acid resistance mechanisms, such as the glutamate decarboxylase system, F
1
F
o
-ATPase proton pump, and alkali production, are usually employed to relieve growth inhibition caused by acids. The glutamate decarboxylase system is vital for GAD-containing lactic acid bacteria to protect cells from DNA damage, enzyme inactivation, and product yield loss in acidic habitats. In this study, we found that a MerR-type regulator, GlnR, was involved in glutamate-dependent acid resistance by directly regulating the transcription of the
gadR
gene and
gadCB
operon, resulting in an inhibition of GABA conversion from glutamate in
L. brevis
. This study represents a novel mechanism for GlnR's regulation of glutamate-dependent acid resistance and also provides a simple and novel strategy to engineer
Lactobacillus
strains to elevate their acid resistance as well as GABA conversion from glutamate.
The riverscape meets the soundscape: acoustic cues and habitat use by brook trout in a small stream
Authors: Kacem Zaccaria , Rodríguez Marco A. , Roca Irene T. , Proulx Raphaël
Published: January 2020

Hydromorphological descriptors such as substrate type, water depth, and velocity are commonly used to describe fish habitat, but few studies have focused on how underwater sounds affect habitat use by freshwater fish. We evaluated the influence of the underwater soundscape and other habitat descriptors on the spatial distribution of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in a small stream in eastern Canada. Habitat measurements were made at high spatial resolution (2.5 m intervals). High acoustical heterogeneity of stream habitats (40–150 dB re 1 μPa) was related to differences in water velocity and depth as expected from theory. Brook trout densities were positively related to broadband sound pressure levels (SPL), irrespective of water velocity and depth, but in interaction with habitat type. The positive relationship between brook trout densities and SPL could be related to the high auditory threshold of salmonid fishes. Alternatively, brook trout may use the underwater soundscape to select favourable feeding habitats. Underwater sounds integrate the many environmental dimensions of a stream and may be used by fish as cues for habitat selection.
Change of sign in the Casimir interaction of peptide films deposited on a dielectric substrate
Authors: Velichko E. N. , Baranov M. A. , Mostepanenko V. M.
Published: January 2020

The Casimir free energy and pressure of thin peptide films deposited on a dielectric substrate are investigated in the region of parameters where they change their sign. Numerical computations are performed for a modelled peptide film on a silica glass plate. The Casimir free energy is computed at room temperature as a function of the film thickness and the fraction of water contained in the film. It is shown that the values of the Casimir pressure change from negative to positive when the film thickness decreases to below some value in the region from 115 to 133 nm depending on the fraction of water in the film. Possible applications of the obtained results to the problem of stability of peptide coatings are discussed.
Instability of super-entropic black holes in extended thermodynamics
Authors: Johnson Clifford V.
Published: January 2020

The charged black hole of Bañados, Teitelbiom and Zanelli is studied in extended gravitational thermodynamics where there is a dynamical pressure and volume. It is a simple example of a super-entropic black hole, violating the reverse isoperimetric inequality. It is proven that this property implies that its specific heat at constant volume is negative, signaling a new kind of fundamental instability for black holes. It is conjectured that this instability is present for other super-entropic black holes, and this is demonstrated numerically for a large family of known solutions.
东南亚—台湾—闽粤： 两大家族的跨地域婚姻与政商网络
Authors: 黄 贤强
Published: January 2020

本文通过张林两大家族的联姻来讨论19世纪末20世纪初东南亚—台湾—闽粤华商的跨地域活动和跨族群关系。新娘张福英来自荷属东印度（今之印度尼西亚）棉兰地区最有财力和权势的华侨家族。他的父亲张鸿南早年从广东省嘉应州梅县移民南来，发迹后被荷兰殖民政府先后委任为甲必丹和玛腰，即当地的侨领，富甲一方。新郎林景仁出自台湾板桥林家，也是台湾数一数二的富豪家族，即使1895年台湾因马关条约被割让给日本后，原籍福建省龙溪县的林家一部分族人迁到厦门，林家还有产业和族人留在台湾，并保留一定的影响力。棉兰张家和闽台林家，不只地理上隔着一个宽广的南中国海，族群上也分属不同的方言群。本文将讨论棉兰张家和闽台林家的姻缘是如何产生的？跨地域的商业和政治网络在这两大家族的婚姻中又扮演何种角色？此外，族群和地域背景如何影响林景仁和张福英的婚姻生活和事业发展？
Influence of mass transport deposit (MTD) surface topography on deep-water deposition: an example from a predominantly fine-grained continental margin, New Zealand
Authors: Bull Suzanne , Browne Greg H. , Arnot Malcolm J. , Strachan Lorna J.
Published: January 2020

Three-dimensional (3D) seismic data reveal the complex interplay between the surface topography of a
c.
4405 km
3
mass transport deposit (MTD) and overlying sedimentary packages over approximately the last two million years. The data image part of the Pleistocene to recent shelf to slope to basin-floor Giant Foresets Formation in offshore western New Zealand. The MTD created substantive topographic relief and rugosity at the contemporaneous seabed, formed by the presence of a shallow basal detachment surface, and very large (up to 200 m high) intact slide blocks, respectively. Sediments were initially deflected away from high-relief MTD topography and confined in low areas. With time, the MTD was progressively healed by a series of broadly offset-stacked and increasingly unconfined packages comprised of many channel bodies and their distributary complexes. Positive topography formed by the channels and their distributary complexes further modified the seafloor and influenced the location of subsequent sediment deposition. Channel sinuosity increased over time, interpreted as the result of topographic healing and reduced seafloor gradients. The rate of sediment supply is likely to have been non-uniform, reflecting tectonic pulses across the region. Sediments were routed into deep water via slope-confined channels that originated shortly before emplacement of the MTD.
Driving Lane Detection on Smartphones using Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Bhandari Ravi , Nambi Akshay Uttama , Padmanabhan Venkata N. , Raman Bhaskaran
Published: January 2020

Current smartphone-based navigation applications fail to provide lane-level information due to poor GPS accuracy. Detecting and tracking a vehicle’s lane position on the road assists in lane-level navigation. For instance, it would be important to know whether a vehicle is in the correct lane for safely making a turn, or whether the vehicle’s speed is compliant with a lane-specific speed limit. Recent efforts have used road network information and inertial sensors to estimate lane position. While inertial sensors can detect lane shifts over short windows, it would suffer from error accumulation over time. In this article, we present DeepLane, a system that leverages the back camera of a windshield-mounted smartphone to provide an accurate estimate of the vehicle’s current lane. We employ a deep learning--based technique to classify the vehicle’s lane position. DeepLane does not depend on any infrastructure support such as lane markings and works even when there are no lane markings, a characteristic of many roads in developing regions. We perform extensive evaluation of DeepLane on real-world datasets collected in developed and developing regions. DeepLane can detect a vehicle’s lane position with an accuracy of over 90%, and we have implemented DeepLane as an Android app.
Deep Iterative Frame Interpolation for Full-frame Video Stabilization
Authors: Choi Jinsoo , Kweon In So
Published: January 2020

Video stabilization is a fundamental and important technique for higher quality videos. Prior works have extensively explored video stabilization, but most of them involve cropping of the frame boundaries and introduce moderate levels of distortion. We present a novel deep approach to video stabilization that can generate video frames without cropping and low distortion. The proposed framework utilizes frame interpolation techniques to generate in between frames, leading to reduced inter-frame jitter. Once applied in an iterative fashion, the stabilization effect becomes stronger. A major advantage is that our framework is end-to-end trainable in an unsupervised manner. In addition, our method is able to run in near real-time (15 fps). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to propose an unsupervised deep approach to full-frame video stabilization. We show the advantages of our method through quantitative and qualitative evaluations comparing to the state-of-the-art methods.
ITiCSE 2019 working groups report
Authors: Rößling Guido , Giannakos Michail
Published: January 2020

The concept of Working Groups has been a unique feature since the start of the ITiCSE conference series, with CompEd adopting the Working Group practice in 2019. A Working Group comprises of typically 5 to 10 researchers who work together on a project related to computing education. Working Groups provide a wonderful opportunity to work intensively on a topic of interest with an international group of computing education researchers.
Comparative Analysis of the Complete Chloroplast Genomes in Allium Subgenus Cyathophora (Amaryllidaceae): Phylogenetic Relationship and Adaptive Evolution
Authors: Yang Xin , Xie Deng-Feng , Chen Jun-Pei , Zhou Song-Dong , Yu Yan , He Xing-Jin
Published: January 2020

Recent advances in molecular phylogenetics provide us with information of Allium L. taxonomy and evolution, such as the subgenus Cyathophora, which is monophyletic and contains five species. However, previous studies detected distinct incongruence between the nrDNA and cpDNA phylogenies, and the interspecies relationships of this subgenus need to be furtherly resolved. In our study, we newly assembled the whole chloroplast genome of four species in subgenus Cyathophora and two allied Allium species. The complete cp genomes were found to possess a quadripartite structure, and the genome size ranged from 152,913 to 154,174 bp. Among these cp genomes, there were subtle differences in the gene order, gene content, and GC content. Seven hotspot regions (infA, rps16, rps15, ndhF, trnG-UCC, trnC-GCA, and trnK-UUU) with nucleotide diversity greater than 0.02 were discovered. The selection analysis showed that some genes have elevated Ka/Ks ratios. Phylogenetic analysis depended on the complete chloroplast genome (CCG), and the intergenic spacer regions (IGS) and coding DNA sequences (CDS) showed same topologies with high support, which revealed that subgenus Cyathophora was a monophyletic group, containing four species, and A. cyathophorum var. farreri was sister to A. spicatum with 100% bootstrap value. Our study revealed selective pressure may exert effect on several genes of the six Allium species, which may be useful for them to adapt to their specific living environment. We have well resolved the phylogenetic relationship of species in the subgenus Cyathophora, which will contribute to future evolutionary studies or phylogeographic analysis of Allium.
A Novel Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm for Structural Damage Detection
Authors: Zhao Yinghao , Yan Quansheng , Yang Zheng , Yu Xiaolin , Jia Buyu
Published: January 2020

A novel artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm to detect structural damage via modal and frequency analyses is proposed (named as TCABC algorithm). Compared to the standard ABC algorithm, tabu search method and chaotic search method are adopted in the proposed algorithm to enhance the exploration and exploitation ability. The tabu search method uses a memory function to avoid the solution being trapped in a local minimum, which increases the exploitation ability. Chaotic search method generates more searching points for finding the global minimum, which increases the exploration ability. Additionally, the first roulette wheel selection is replaced by the tournament selection to enhance the global searching ability of the TCABC algorithm. Several explicit test functions and an implicit damage detection function are employed to check the numerical results obtained from ABC and TCABC algorithms. Afterward, the damage detection accuracy of the TCABC algorithm is verified under different circumstances, and several recommendations are given for using the TCABC algorithm to detect structural damages under actual conditions. Finally, an experimental study is applied to examine the performance of TCABC algorithm for damage detection. The results show the following: (1) compared to traditional ABC algorithm, TCABC algorithm performs better; (2) fewer groups lead to faster convergence as demonstrated by both algorithms used in the same damage situation; (3) TCABC algorithm can infer the locations and extents of the damage when the groupings are inaccurate; (4) the accuracy of the field test data profoundly affects the precision of the damage detection results. In other words, stronger noises result in worse identification results; (5) whether or not the noises exist, the more data are measured, the more accurate the results can be achieved; (6) the TCABC algorithm can efficiently detect structural damage in the experimental study.