bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Light resonances and the low-q2 bin of $$ {R}_{K^{*}} $$
Authors: Altmannshofer Wolfgang , Baker Michael J. , Gori Stefania , Harnik Roni , Pospelov Maxim , Stamou Emmanuel , Thamm Andrea
Published: April 2018

Abstract

LHCb has reported hints of lepton-flavor universality violation in the rare decays B → K
(*)
ℓ
+
ℓ
−, both in high- and low-q
2 bins. Although the high-q
2 hint may be explained by new short-ranged interactions, the low-q
2 one cannot. We thus explore the possibility that the latter is explained by a new light resonance. We find that LHCb’s central value of

$$ {R}_{K^{*}} $$

R

K
*

in the low-q
2 bin is achievable in a restricted parameter space of new-physics scenarios in which the new, light resonance decays preferentially to electrons and has a mass within approximately 10 MeV of the di-muon threshold. Interestingly, such an explanation can have a kinematic origin and does not require a source of lepton-flavor universality violation. A model-independent prediction is a narrow peak in the differential B → K
*
e
+
e
− rate close to the di-muon threshold. If such a peak is observed, other observables, such as the differential B → Ke
+
e
− rate and R

K
, may be employed to distinguish between models. However, if a low-mass resonance is not observed and the low-q
2 anomaly increases in significance, then the case for an experimental origin of the lepton-flavor universality violating anomalies would be strengthened. To further explore this, we also point out that, in analogy to J/ψ decays, e
+
e
− and μ
+
μ
− decays of ϕ mesons can be used as a cross check of lepton-flavor universality by LHCb with 5 fb−1 of integrated luminosity.
Fermionic one-loop amplitudes of the RNS superstring
Authors: Lee Seungjin , Schlotterer Oliver
Published: April 2018

Abstract

We investigate massless n-point one-loop amplitudes of the open RNS superstring with two external fermions and determine their worldsheet integrands. The contributing correlation functions involving spin-1/2 and spin-3/2 operators from the fermion vertices are evaluated to any multiplicity. Moreover, we introduce techniques to sum these correlators over the spin structures of the worldsheet fermions such as to manifest all cancellations due to spacetime supersymmetry. These spin sums require generalizations of the Riemann identities among Jacobi theta functions, and the results can be expressed in terms of doubly-periodic functions known from the mathematics literature on elliptic multiple zeta values. On the boundary of moduli space, our spin-summed correlators specialize to compact representations of fermionic one-loop integrands for ambitwistor strings.
Using phytostabilisation to conserve threatened endemic species in southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Boisson Sylvain , Séleck Maxime , Le Stradic Soizig , Collignon Julien , Garin Olivier , Malaisse François , Shutcha Mylor Ngoy , Mahy Grégory
Published: April 2018

Outcrops in the southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) are recognized as some of the largest copper–cobalt orebodies in the world. They support a unique vegetation with nearly 600 metallophytes that include rare and endemic species. Mineral exploitation has increased considerably in the region since the 1900s, affecting both environmental and public health. Phytostabilisation of polluted areas represents an opportunity to decrease the bioavailability of heavy metals in the highly polluted soils that result from ore extraction. Such a technique has been successfully implemented near Lubumbashi with the grass Microchloa altera. However, long‐term maintenance requires a good understanding of interspecific relationships, such as competition and facilitation. This study tested the establishment success of four herbaceous species from the Katangan Copperbelt by assessing the potential role of Microchloa altera as a nurse species. Two annual and two perennial species were sown in an experiment designed to study the influence of soil amendment and vegetation cover on seedling emergence, growth, and survival. These variables were monitored during the vegetation growing season as well as resprouting success for perennials. Microchloa altera showed a distinct effect on the emergence and survival of annual and perennial species and negatively affected the growth of individuals belonging to both groups of species.
DESIGNING AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND AGRIBUSINESS UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMS
Authors: GILLESPIE JEFFREY M. , BAMPASIDOU MARIA
Published: April 2018

Agricultural economics and agribusiness (AEAB) programs offer their graduates unique exposure to agricultural markets, policy, and production systems, which differentiates them from business programs. Despite the advantages associated with AEAB degrees, a significant challenge universities and AEAB graduates face is a general lack of recognition of what agricultural economics is and what an agricultural economist does. Using data collected from U.S. 1862 and 1890 land grant universities, we stress the importance of designing effective AEAB curricula based on enrollment trends, the desired attributes of graduates, and the current structure of AEAB undergraduate programs.
Communicable Disease Surveillance Systems in Disasters: Application of the Input, Process, Product, and Outcome Framework for Performance Assessment
Authors: Babaie Javad , Ardalan Ali , Vatandoost Hasan , Goya Mohammad Mahdi , Akbarisari Ali
Published: April 2018

Objective

One of the most important measures following disasters is setting up a communicable disease surveillance system (CDSS). This study aimed to develop indicators to assess the performance of CDSSs in disasters.

Method

In this 3-phase study, firstly a qualitative study was conducted through in-depth, semistructured interviews with experts on health in disasters and emergencies, health services managers, and communicable diseases center specialists. The interviews were analyzed, and CDSS performance assessment (PA) indicators were extracted. The appropriateness of these indicators was examined through a questionnaire administered to experts and heads of communicable diseases departments of medical sciences universities. Finally, the designed indicators were weighted using the analytic hierarchy process approach and Expert Choice software.

Results

In this study, 51 indicators were designed, of which 10 were related to the input (19.61%), 17 to the process (33.33%), 13 to the product (25.49%), and 11 to the outcome (21.57%). In weighting, the maximum score was that of input (49.1), and the scores of the process, product, and outcome were 31.4, 12.7, and 6.8, respectively.

Conclusion

Through 3 different phases, PA indicators for 4 phases of a chain of results were developed. The authors believe that these PA indicators can assess the system’s performance and its achievements in response to disasters. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:158–164)
The Impact of Isolation on Healthcare Worker Contact and Compliance With Infection Control Practices in Nursing Homes
Authors: Pineles Lisa , Petruccelli Chris , Perencevich Eli N. , Roghmann Mary-Claire , Gupta Kalpana , Cadena Jose , Baracco Gio , Pfeiffer Christopher D. , Forrest Graeme , Bradley Suzanne F. , Crnich Chris , Reisinger Heather , Morgan Daniel J.
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVE

To directly observe healthcare workers in a nursing home setting to measure frequency and duration of resident contact and infection prevention behavior as a factor of isolation practice

DESIGN

Observational study

SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS

Healthcare workers in 8 VA nursing homes in Florida, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Washington, and Texas

METHODS

Over a 15-month period, trained research staff without clinical responsibilities on the units observed nursing home resident room activity for 15–30-minute intervals. Observers recorded time of entry and exit, isolation status, visitor type (staff, visitor, etc), hand hygiene, use of gloves and gowns, and activities performed in the room when visible.

RESULTS

A total of 999 hours of observation were conducted across 8 VA nursing homes during which 4,325 visits were observed. Residents in isolation received an average of 4.73 visits per hour of observation compared with 4.21 for nonisolation residents (P<.01), a 12.4% increase in visits for residents in isolation. Residents in isolation received an average of 3.53 resident care activities per hour of observation, compared with 2.46 for residents not in isolation (P<.01). For residents in isolation, compliance was 34% for gowns and 58% for gloves. Healthcare worker hand hygiene compliance was 45% versus 44% (P=.79) on entry and 66% versus 55% (P<.01) on exit for isolation and nonisolation rooms, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Healthcare workers visited residents in isolation more frequently, likely because they required greater assistance. Compliance with gowns and gloves for isolation was limited in the nursing home setting. Adherence to hand hygiene also was less than optimal, regardless of isolation status of residents.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:683–687
False-Positive Tuberculin Skin Test Results Among Low-Risk Healthcare Workers Following Implementation of Fifty-Dose Vials of Purified Protein Derivative
Authors: Collins Jeffrey M. , Hunter Mary , Gordon Wanda , Kempker Russell R. , Blumberg Henry M. , Ray Susan M.
Published: April 2018

Following large declines in tuberculosis transmission the United States, large-scale screening programs targeting low-risk healthcare workers are increasingly a source of false-positive results. We report a large cluster of presumed false-positive tuberculin skin test results in healthcare workers following a change to 50-dose vials of Tubersol tuberculin.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:750–752
Patient Involvement in Healthcare-Associated Infection Research: A Lexical Review
Authors: Dadich Ann , Wyer Mary
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVE

This review examines patient involvement in healthcare-associated infection (HAI) research. Healthcare-associated infections represent an intractable issue with considerable implications for patients and staff. Participatory methodologies that involve patients in healthcare research are associated with myriad benefits.

DESIGN

Lexical review.

METHODS

PubMed was searched to identify all publications on patient involvement in HAI research since 2000; publications were also identified from the cited references. A lexical analysis was conducted of the methods sections of 148 publications.

RESULTS

The findings reveal that HAI research that actively involves patients and members of the public is limited.

CONCLUSIONS

Patient involvement is largely limited to recruitment to HAI studies rather than extended to patient involvement in research design, implementation, analysis, and/or dissemination. As such, there is considerable opportunity to further this important research area via alternative methodologies that award primacy to patient expertise and agency.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2018;39:710–717
General concepts of goals and goal-setting in healthcare: A narrative review
Authors: Ogbeiwi Osahon
Published: April 2018

Goal-setting is fundamental to organisational management, yet not every manager knows how to do it well. A narrative literature review was done to explore current knowledge of definitions and classifications of goals, and principles of goal-setting in the healthcare sector. Online databases generated 65 relevant articles. Additional literature sources were snowballed from referenced articles, and textbooks. Most academic authors define ‘goal’ synonymously as ‘aim’ or ‘objective’, but there is evidence of hermeneutical confusion in general literature. Goal classifications are diverse, differing according to their contextual, structural, functional, and temporal characteristics. Many authors agree that goal-setting is problem-based, change-oriented, and can effectively motivate attainment if the goal statement is formulated with a specific and challenging or SMART framework. However, recent authors report varying definitions for SMART, and evidence of past studies that empirically examined the nature and efficacy of frameworks currently used for formulating goal statements for health programmes are lacking.
Traditional methodsv.new technologies – dilemmas for dietary assessment in large-scale nutrition surveys and studies: a report following an international panel discussion at the 9th International Conference on Diet and Activity Methods (ICDAM9), Brisbane, 3 September 2015
Authors: Amoutzopoulos B. , Steer T. , Roberts C. , Cade J. E. , Boushey C. J. , Collins C. E. , Trolle E. , Boer E. J. de , Ziauddeen N. , van Rossum C. , Buurma E. , Coyle D. , Page P.
Published: April 2018

The aim of the present paper is to summarise current and future applications of dietary assessment technologies in nutrition surveys in developed countries. It includes the discussion of key points and highlights of subsequent developments from a panel discussion to address strengths and weaknesses of traditional dietary assessment methods (food records, FFQ, 24 h recalls, diet history with interviewer-assisted data collection)v.new technology-based dietary assessment methods (web-based and mobile device applications). The panel discussion ‘Traditional methodsv.new technologies: dilemmas for dietary assessment in population surveys’, was held at the 9th International Conference on Diet and Activity Methods (ICDAM9), Brisbane, September 2015. Despite respondent and researcher burden, traditional methods have been most commonly used in nutrition surveys. However, dietary assessment technologies offer potential advantages including faster data processing and better data quality. This is a fast-moving field and there is evidence of increasing demand for the use of new technologies amongst the general public and researchers. There is a need for research and investment to support efforts being made to facilitate the inclusion of new technologies for rapid, accurate and representative data.
Coniferous wood ofAgathoxylonfrom the La Matilde Formation, (Middle Jurassic), Santa Cruz, Argentina
Authors: Kloster Adriana C. , Gnaedinger Silvia C.
Published: April 2018

In this contribution, four species ofAgathoxylonare described from the La Matilde Formation, Gran Bajo de San Julián and central and south-western sectors of Santa Cruz Province, Argentina.Agathoxylon agathioides(Kräusel and Jain) n. comb.,Agathoxylon santalense(Sah and Jain) n. comb.,Agathoxylon termieri(Attims) Gnaedinger and Herbst, and the new speciesAgathoxylon santacruzensen. sp. are described based on a detailed description of the secondary xylem. In this work, it was possible to construct scatter plots to elucidate the anatomical differences between the fossil species described on quantitative anatomical data. Comparisons are made with otherAgathoxylonspecies from Gondwana. These parameters can be used to discriminate genera and species of wood found in the same formation, as well as to establish differences/similarities between other taxa described in other formations. Some localities contain innumerable “in situ” petrified trees, which allowed us to infer that these taxa formed small forests, or local forests, or small forests within a dense forest, which is a habitat coincident with the extant Araucariaceae.
TEXTOS Y HUESOS: ANÁLISIS COMPARATIVO DE LOS REGISTROS HISTÓRICO-ETNOGRÁFICO Y ARQUEOLÓGICO SOBRE LA SUBSISTENCIA DE LOS SHELK'NAM-HAUSH DE TIERRA DEL FUEGO (EXTREMO AUSTRAL DE SUDAMÉRICA) ENTRE LOS SIGLOS DIECISÉIS Y VEINTE
Authors: Saletta María José , Fiore Dánae
Published: April 2018

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo comparar la información sobre la subsistencia de los Shelk'nam-Haush de Tierra del Fuego proveniente de dos tipos de registros: el arqueológico y el escrito (fuentes histórico-etnográficas). Estos registros abarcan desde los inicios del contacto con poblaciones europeas (siglo dieciséis) hasta la ocupación efectiva del espacio por parte de los Estados nación argentino y chileno (fin de siglo diecinueve y principios del veinte). Se analizaron 58 fuentes escritas por 41 autores desde 1580, que dieron como resultado 307 citas que forman un registro escrito promediado sobre la subsistencia de los Shelk'nam-Haush. El registro arqueológico contemporáneo a dicho período comprende 21 sitios adscribibles a momentos postcontacto. Los resultados muestran: a) una representación similar de los taxones faunísticos de rendimiento energético alto y medio en ambos registros; b) una baja representación de taxones faunísticos de menor rendimiento energético; c) una moderada representación de estos últimos en el registro escrito. La información escrita provee además datos de baja visibilidad arqueológica tales como el tipo de actividades de captura y la división del trabajo, lo que genera una visión más completa de la subsistencia de estos cazadores-recolectores fueguinos. En conjunto, se destaca que la metodología de trabajo propuesta, que combina de manera sistemática datos de dos tipos de registros, permite evaluar en qué medida estos se corroboran, completan o contradicen, generando nueva información para entender el comportamiento de los cazadores-recolectores durante el período postcontacto.
Rapid age assessment of glacial landforms in the Pyrenees using Schmidt hammer exposure dating (SHED)
Authors: Tomkins Matt D. , Dortch Jason M. , Hughes Philip D. , Huck Jonny J. , Stimson Andrew G. , Delmas Magali , Calvet Marc , Pallàs Raimon
Published: April 2018

Schmidt hammer (SH) sampling of 54 10Be-dated granite surfaces from the Pyrenees reveals a clear relationship between exposure and weathering through time (n=52, R2=0.96, P<0.01) and permits the use of the SH as a numerical dating tool. To test this 10Be-SH calibration curve, 100 surfaces were sampled from five ice-front positions in the Têt catchment, eastern Pyrenees, with results verified against independent 10Be and 14C ages. Gaussian modelling differentiates Holocene (9.4±0.6 ka), Younger Dryas (12.6±0.9 ka), Oldest Dryas (16.1±0.5 ka), last glacial maximum (LGM; 24.8±0.9 ka) and Würmian maximum ice extent stages (MIE; 40.9±1.1 ka). These data confirm comparable glacier lengths during the LGM and MIE (~300 m difference), in contrast to evidence from the western Pyrenees (≥15 km), reflecting the relative influence of Atlantic and Mediterranean climates. Moreover, Pyrenean glaciers advanced significantly during the LGM, with a local maximum at ~25 ka, driven by growth of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, southward advection of the polar front, and a solar radiation minimum in the Northern Hemisphere. This calibration curve is available online (http://shed.earth) to enable wider application of this method throughout the Pyrenees.
TWO NEW FRAGMENTS OF ANAXANDRIDES IN HESYCHIUS?
Authors: Dale Alexander
Published: April 2018

We can first note the obvious, that both glosses are sexual in nature: τὸ βιάζεσθαι γυναῖκας, ‘to rape women’; in τὸ παιδὶ συνεῖναι we obviously have the euphemistic use of συνεῖναι, ‘to have sex with a child’. Hesychius’ entries have the appearance of straightforward dialect glosses, yet Ambraciot never elicited much attention in ancient dialectology and glossography. Furthermore, as ancient glossography consisted mainly in culling unusual vocabulary from literary texts, we can legitimately ask what sources might have been available to Hellenistic scholars for Ambraciot.
Comparison of bacterial communities associated withXestospongia testudinaria, sediment and seawater in a Singaporean coral reef ecosystem
Authors: Pires A.C.C. , Cleary D.F.R. , Polónia A.R.M. , Lim S.C. , De Voogd N.J. , Oliveira V. , Gomes N.C.M.
Published: April 2018

Despite alterations caused by anthropogenic activities in Singaporean coral reefs, the sponge communities are quite diverse andXestospongia testudinariais one of the most common sponge species. In the present study, we used 16S rRNA gene barcoded pyrosequencing to characterize and compare bacterial communities from different biotopes (sponge, seawater and sediment) and to identify dominant bacterial symbionts ofX. testudinariain a Singaporean coral reef ecosystem. Our results showed that biotope appears to affect the richness, composition and abundance of bacterial communities. Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum in sediment and seawater whilst Chloroflexi was more abundant inX. testudinaria.Members of the order Caldilineales (fermentation of organic substrates), Chromatiales (purple sulphur bacteria), Rhodospirillales (purple non-sulphur bacteria) and Syntrophobacterales (sulphate-reducing bacteria) were relatively more abundant inX. testudinariasamples.
Provincial Pasts and National Histories: Territorial self-fashioning in twentieth-century Bihar
Authors: CHAKRAVARTTY ARYENDRA
Published: April 2018

This article explores how local lived experiences and nationalist sentiments converged to shape a regional literati's conception of the province of Bihar in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century colonial India. Following the formation of the separate province of Bihar in 1912, certain very powerful Indian-nationalist and cultural-historical factors were deployed to create a much-needed cultural-historical past for Bihar. In this project of territorial self-fashioning, institutions such as the Bihar and Orissa Research Society (1915) and the Patna Museum (1917) became crucial to the new political-cultural configuration of the region. Additionally, they also made Bihar's ancient past visible in a deliberately nationalist narrative. Projecting its rich ancient past onto a national framework provided Bihar with the possibility of overcoming its characterization as ‘backward’ and provincial. This article therefore moves beyond analytic frameworks of nationalism which emphasize particularities of regional identity by framing them in perpetual antagonism to the efforts of Indian national integration. By looking at the construction of narratives of an ancient past that straddled the region and the nation, I argue that the emergence of an entity called Bihar was braided into India's nationalist imagination.
The Diffusion of Contention in Contemporary China: An investigation of the 2014–15 wave of teacher strikes
Authors: CHANG SHENGPING , HESS STEVE
Published: April 2018

The article examines a wave of teachers’ strikes that spread across China during the autumn, winter, and spring of 2014–15. Looking at event data and social media coverage of the wave, it discusses how social media enabled protesters to carry out media-savvy campaigns that involved both online and offline tactics, draw inspiration from claimants in faraway protest sites, and emulate tactics, slogans, and symbols from other locations. The episode indicates that claimants in contemporary China are utilizing social media to break the geographic bounds of localized protests and, while falling short of nationally coordinated protest movements, are able to generate widespread, cross-regional protest waves that place greater pressure on subnational authorities to give in to protester demands. These cross-regional protest waves present a third category of ‘widespread’ protests in China that are distinct from parochial/localized protests and national protest movements.
Knowing a Sentient Mountain: Space, science, and the sacred in ascents of Mount Paektu/Changbai
Authors: ROGASKI RUTH
Published: April 2018

Mount Paektu/Changbai is a massive stratovolcano situated on the current border between North Korea and China, in a region that has historically lain at the edges of competing Eurasian polities. Formed by a past of dramatic eruptions, Mount Paektu/Changbai has long been held as a powerful, sentient entity by those living near it, but the mountain's unique geographical features and distance from political centres rendered it extremely elusive as an object of elite empirical knowledge. This article examines narratives of multiple expeditions to Mount Paektu/Changbai from the seventeenth to the twentieth centuries in order to understand the role of space in the creation of knowledge about the mountain, and to probe how that knowledge intersected with political goals. Consideration of human experience of the mountain's topography and environment reveals a complex relationship between proximal and distal perceptions of nature. Even as they sought to create rational, ‘universal’ forms of knowledge about the mountain, Asian elites appropriated more localized belief in the mountain's powers, creating a hybrid knowledge that combined science and miracles. As the political context shifted in the late nineteenth century, the positioning of this hybrid knowledge shifted to become an indiginized basis for national resistance. This consideration of Mount Paektu/Changbai highlights the virtues of making space and environment central to the political and cultural history of northeast Asia.
Developmental sensitivity to cannabis use patterns and risk for major depressive disorder in mid-life: findings from 40 years of follow-up
Authors: Schoeler Tabea , Theobald Delphine , Pingault Jean-Baptiste , Farrington David P. , Coid Jeremy W. , Bhattacharyya Sagnik
Published: April 2018

Background

Evidence regarding the association between cannabis use and depression remain conflicting, especially as studies have not typically adopted a longitudinal design with a follow-up period that was long enough to adequately cover the risk period for onset of depression.

Method

Males from the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development (CSDD) (N = 285) were assessed seven times from age 8 to 48 years to prospectively investigate the association between cannabis use and risk of major depressive disorder (MDD). A combination of multiple analyses (logistic regression, Cox regression, fixed-effects analysis) was employed to explore the strength and direction of effect within different developmental stages.

Results

Multiple regression analyses revealed that early-onset cannabis use (before age 18) but not late-onset cannabis use (after age 27) was associated with a higher risk and shorter time until a subsequent MDD diagnosis. This effect was present in high-frequency [(odds ratio (OR) 8.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29–70.79]; [hazard ratio (HR) 8.69, 95% CI 2.07–36.52)] and low-frequency early-onset users (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.22–4.76; HR 2.09, 95% CI 1.16–3.74). Effect of increased frequency of cannabis use on increased risk of subsequent MDD was observed only for use during adolescence (age 14–18) but not at later life stages, while controlling for observed and non-unobserved time-invariant factors. Conversely, MDD in adulthood (age 18–32) was linked to a reduction in subsequent cannabis use (age 32–48).

Conclusions

The present findings provide evidence implicating frequent cannabis use during adolescence as a risk factor for later life depression. Future studies should further examine causality of effects in larger samples.
The etiology of social aggression: a nuclear twin family study
Authors: Slawinski Brooke L. , Klump Kelly L. , Burt S. Alexandra
Published: April 2018

Background

Social aggression is a form of antisocial behavior in which social relationships and social status are used to damage reputations and inflict emotional harm on others. Despite extensive research examining the prevalence and consequences of social aggression, only a few studies have examined its genetic–environmental etiology, with markedly inconsistent results.

Method

We estimated the etiology of social aggression using the nuclear twin family (NTF) model. Maternal-report, paternal-report, and teacher-report data were collected for twin social aggression (N= 1030 pairs). We also examined the data using the classical twin (CT) model to evaluate whether its strict assumptions may have biased previous heritability estimates.

Results

The best-fitting NTF model for all informants was the ASFE model, indicating that additive genetic, sibling environmental, familial environmental, and non-shared environmental influences significantly contribute to the etiology of social aggression in middle childhood. However, the best-fitting CT model varied across informants, ranging from AE and ACE to CE. Specific heritability estimates for both NTF and CT models also varied across informants such that teacher reports indicated greater genetic influences and father reports indicated greater shared environmental influences.

Conclusions

Although the specific NTF parameter estimates varied across informants, social aggression generally emerged as largely additive genetic (A= 0.15–0.77) and sibling environmental (S= 0.42–0.72) in origin. Such findings not only highlight an important role for individual genetic risk in the etiology of social aggression, but also raise important questions regarding the role of the environment.
Narratives of migration on Facebook: Belonging and identity among former fellow refugees
Authors: Baran Dominika M.
Published: April 2018

This article brings together research on migration and identity in translocal and superdiverse contexts, and the recently expanding interest in narratives and interaction in social media, by examining the construction of identities in narratives shared in a private Facebook group message. The participants are former fellow refugees from Poland who reconnected on Facebook after two decades. The article analyzes three narratives produced in response to the researcher's question about ethnic and national affiliations. Using Bucholtz & Hall's (2004) tactics of intersubjectivity framework, this study examines the complex and conflicting ways in which individuals position themselves with respect to various contexts of belonging and difference (Meinhof & Galasiński 2005) that emerge in their narratives. I argue that the narratives show a link between essentialist or nonessentialist views of ethnicity/nationality, and the teller's assumed agency over her identity. The study also discusses new possibilities for discursive practices in social media contexts. (Narrative, migration, social media, identity, belonging)
Computer simulation and experimental benchmarking of ultrashort pulse laser ablation of metallic targets
Authors: Suslova Anastassiya , Elsied Ahmed , Hassanein Ahmed
Published: April 2018

Integrated simulation results of femtosecond laser ablation of copper were compared with new experimental data. The numerical analysis was performed using our newly developed FEMTO-2D computer package based on the solution of the two-temperature model. Thermal dependence of target optical and thermodynamic processes was carefully considered. The experimental work was conducted with our 40 fs 800 nm Ti:sapphire laser in the energy range from 0.14 mJ to 0.77 mJ. Comparison of measured ablation profiles with simulation predictions based on phase explosion criterion has demonstrated that more than one ablation mechanisms contribute to the total material removal even in the laser intensity range where explosive boiling is dominating. Good correlation between experimental and simulation results was observed for skin depth and hot electron diffusion depth – two parameters commonly considered to identify two ablation regimes in metal. Analysis of the development dynamics for electron–lattice coupling and electron thermal conduction allowed explaining different ablation regimes because of the interplay of the two parameters.
Singularities of a planar 3-R

P

R parallel manipulator with joint clearance
Authors: Gallant Marise , Gosselin Clément
Published: April 2018

If the joint clearances of the joints of a manipulator are considered, an unconstrained motion of the end-effector can be computed. This is true for all poses of the manipulator, even with all actuators locked.

This paper presents how this unconstrained motion can be determined for a planar 3-RPR manipulator. The singularities are then studied. It is shown that when clearances are considered, the singularity curves normally found in the workspace of such a manipulator become singular zones. These zones can be significant and greatly reduce the usable workspace of a manipulator. Since a prescribed configuration that would not, in theory, corresponds to a singular pose can become singular due to the unconstrained motion, the results of this paper are relevant to manipulator design and trajectory planning.
Fissures between Human Rights Advocates and NGO Practitioners in China's Civil Society: A Case Study of the Equal Education Campaign, 2009–2013
Authors: Zhou Mujun
Published: April 2018

This article uses a case study to analyse the fissures between human rights advocates and NGO practitioners. Since 2009, the Open Constitution Initiative, an organization run by human rights advocates, has been campaigning for migrant children's right to attend local schools. While fragmented resistance on the same issue has long existed in activities organized by migrant community NGOs, there has been almost no cooperation between the two parties during the campaign. Based on ethnographic research, I elaborate on how these two groups of activists differ in their strategies and goals, and how their choices are related to their understanding of political struggle and political transformation. I contend that this case provides a new lens through which to view the recent decline in some human rights activism in China, and illustrates the importance of investigating the internal structure of civil society.
Later-Life Homelessness as Disenfranchised Grief
Authors: Burns Victoria F. , Sussman Tamara , Bourgeois-Guérin Valérie
Published: April 2018

Bien que l’itinérance chez les personnes âgées soit un sujet qui se soit développé ces dernières années, peu de recherches ont considéré les expériences des « nouveaux » itinérants plus âgés à partir de leur propre perspective. La présente étude, reposant sur la théorie constructiviste, vise à combler cette lacune en explorant les liens entre la perception sociétale de l’itinérance et du vieillissement, d’une part, et l’accès au logement et aux services, ainsi que la perception de soi, d’autre part, pour 15 personnes âgées vivant dans des refuges d’urgence pour sans-abris à Montréal (Québec, Canada). Les résultats démontrent que l’itinérance provoque une réaction de deuil caractérisée par le choc, le désespoir, la colère et, dans certains cas, le soulagement. Le fait d’entrer en contact et de recevoir de l’appui d’autres personnes vivant dans les refuges et du personnel sur place ont aidé les participants à reconnaître et à faire le deuil de leurs pertes. Cependant, les conditions difficiles de la vie en refuge, le stigma associé au vieillissement et à l’itinérance, et la non-reconnaissance ou l’absence de validation des expériences de deuil ont contribué à empêcher la reconnaissance du deuil. La conceptualisation de l’itinérance au grand âge comme un deuil non reconnu contribue aux études concernant le vieillissement et l’itinérance, et trace une nouvelle voie pour améliorer la compréhension et la validation des expériences d’une population vulnérable et âgée en croissance.
Time location sampling in men who have sex with men in the HIV context: the importance of taking into account sampling weights and frequency of venue attendance
Authors: Sommen C. , Saboni L. , Sauvage C. , Alexandre A. , Lot F. , Barin F. , Velter A.
Published: April 2018

Sex between men is the most frequent mode of HIV transmission in industrialised countries. Monitoring risk behaviours among men who have sex with men (MSM) is crucial, especially to understand the drivers of the epidemic. A cross-sectional survey (PREVAGAY), based on time-location sampling, was conducted in 2015 among MSM attending gay venues in 5 metropolitan cities in France. We applied the generalised weight share method (GWSM) to estimate HIV seroprevalence for the first time in this population, taking into account the frequency of venue attendance (FVA). Our objectives were to describe the implementation of the sampling design and to demonstrate the importance of taking into account sampling weights, including FVA by comparing results obtained by GWSM and by other methods which use sample weights not including FVA or no weight. We found a global prevalence of 14.3% (95% CI (12.0–16.9)) using GWSM and an unweighted prevalence of 16.4% (95% CI (14.9–17.8)). Variance in HIV prevalence estimates in each city was lower when we did not take into account either the sampling weights or the FVA. We also highlighted an association of FVA and serological status in the most of investigated cities.
Multi-step prediction for influenza outbreak by an adjusted long short-term memory
Authors: Zhang J. , Nawata K.
Published: April 2018

Influenza results in approximately 3–5 million annual cases of severe illness and 250 000–500 000 deaths. We urgently need an accurate multi-step-ahead time-series forecasting model to help hospitals to perform dynamical assignments of beds to influenza patients for the annually varied influenza season, and aid pharmaceutical companies to formulate a flexible plan of manufacturing vaccine for the yearly different influenza vaccine. In this study, we utilised four different multi-step prediction algorithms in the long short-term memory (LSTM). The result showed that implementing multiple single-output prediction in a six-layer LSTM structure achieved the best accuracy. The mean absolute percentage errors from two- to 13-step-ahead prediction for the US influenza-like illness rates were all <15%, averagely 12.930%. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that LSTM has been applied and refined to perform multi-step-ahead prediction for influenza outbreaks. Hopefully, this modelling methodology can be applied in other countries and therefore help prevent and control influenza worldwide.
How children's anxiety symptoms impact the functioning of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis over time: A cross-lagged panel approach using hierarchical linear modeling
Authors: Ma Denise , Serbin Lisa A. , Stack Dale M.
Published: April 2018

Anxiety symptoms in childhood and adolescence can have a long-term negative impact on mental and physical health. Although studies have shown dysregulation of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis is associated with anxiety disorders, it is unclear how and in what direction children's experiences of anxiety symptoms, which include physiological and cognitive–emotional dimensions, impact the functioning of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis over time. We hypothesized that higher physiological symptoms would be contemporaneously associated with hypercortisolism, whereas cognitive–emotional symptoms would be more chronic, reflecting traitlike stability, and would predict hypocortisolism over time. One hundred twenty children from the Concordia Longitudinal Risk Research Project were followed in successive data collection waves approximately 3 years apart from childhood through midadolescence. Between ages 10–12 and 13–15, children completed self-report questionnaires of anxiety symptoms and provided salivary cortisol samples at 2-hr intervals over 2 consecutive days. The results from hierarchical linear modeling showed that higher physiological symptoms were concurrently associated with hypercortisolism, involving cortisol levels that remained elevated over the day. In contrast, longitudinal results over the 3 years between data collection waves showed that chronic worry and social concerns predicted hypocortisolism, showing a low and blunted diurnal cortisol profile. These results have implications for broadening our understanding of the links between anxiety, the stress response system, and health across the course of development.
The infinitesimal phase response curves of oscillators in piecewise smooth dynamical systems
Authors: PARK Y. , SHAW K. M. , CHIEL H. J. , THOMAS P. J.
Published: April 2018

The asymptotic phase θ of an initial point x in the stable manifold of a limit cycle (LC) identifies the phase of the point on the LC to which the flow φt(x) converges as t → ∞. The infinitesimal phase response curve (iPRC) quantifies the change in timing due to a small perturbation of a LC trajectory. For a stable LC in a smooth dynamical system, the iPRC is the gradient ∇x(θ) of the phase function, which can be obtained via the adjoint of the variational equation. For systems with discontinuous dynamics, the standard approach to obtaining the iPRC fails. We derive a formula for the iPRCs of LCs occurring in piecewise smooth (Filippov) dynamical systems of arbitrary dimension, subject to a transverse flow condition. Discontinuous jumps in the iPRC can occur at the boundaries separating subdomains, and are captured by a linear matching condition. The matching matrix, M, can be derived from the saltation matrix arising in the associated variational problem. For the special case of linear dynamics away from switching boundaries, we obtain an explicit expression for the iPRC. We present examples from cell biology (Glass networks) and neuroscience (central pattern generator models). We apply the iPRCs obtained to study synchronization and phase-locking in piecewise smooth LC systems in which synchronization arises solely due to the crossing of switching manifolds.
Habitat selection of an endangered European farmland bird, the Ortolan BuntingEmberiza hortulana, in two contrasting landscapes: implications for management
Authors: ŠÁLEK MARTIN , ZEMAN VÍT , VÁCLAV RADOVAN
Published: April 2018

Effective conservation measures for any bird species across their distribution ranges require detailed knowledge of landscape-specific differences in habitat associations. The Ortolan BuntingEmberiza hortulanais a farmland bird species, which experienced massive population declines during the recent decades and has become a conservation priority in many European countries. Thus, identification of the key habitat features is an important prerequisite for the conservation of the species. Here we investigate habitat associations of the Ortolan Bunting for the remaining breeding population of the species in the Czech Republic. This population is remarkable by its distribution in two markedly different environments – farmland and post-mining landscapes. The main objectives of this study were to identify habitat features associated with Ortolan Bunting occurrence within the two contrasting landscapes and at two spatial scales. Our results reveal a high degree of habitat plasticity by Ortolan Buntings in the Czech Republic which was revealed by the landscape- and scale- specific habitat associations. Habitat heterogeneity, in terms of compositional and configurational diversity, and the cover of bare ground were the most important predictors of Ortolan Bunting occurrence in both landscape types. In farmland, the species occurrence was positively associated with shrub and woody vegetation, poppy fields and set-asides, and negatively associated with grasslands, gardens/orchards, seedlings and urban habitats. In the post-mining landscape, the cover of herb vegetation and greater slope steepness and terrain ruggedness were most important habitat features. Ortolan Buntings in the post-mining landscape appear to avoid patches with a higher cover of shrub and woody vegetation, forests, seedlings and urban areas. We propose that conservation measures for Ortolan Buntings should focus on enhancing farmland habitat heterogeneity, but also on regulating the rate of succession in disturbed environments, such as post-mining landscapes.
Behavioural consequences of human disturbance on subantarctic Yellow-eyed Penguins Megadyptes antipodes
Authors: FRENCH REBECCA K. , MULLER CHRIS G. , CHILVERS B. LOUISE , BATTLEY PHIL F.
Published: April 2018

Human disturbance can have behavioural, physiological and population-level consequences on wildlife. Unregulated tourism is having a negative effect on the endangered Yellow-eyed Penguin Megadyptes antipodes on mainland New Zealand. Subantarctic Yellow-eyed Penguins are exposed to tourism on Enderby Island in the Auckland Islands group, 450 km south of New Zealand. Restrictions and guidelines for tourism are in place on Enderby Island, but there has been little study on the efficacy of these. We quantified behavioural responses of the Yellow-eyed Penguin on Enderby Island to human presence by documenting movement patterns and behaviour of penguins in the presence and absence of humans, through both controlled approaches and monitoring penguin behaviour in the presence of tourists. We used these data to model the effective approach distances for reducing disturbance. Human presence caused a significant drop in the probability of a successful transit to or from their nest, and significantly increased the time penguins spent alert and decreased the time spent preening. Modelling showed the distance from a human to a penguin is a significant predictor of the likelihood of a bird displaying disturbance behaviour, with the current minimum approach guideline of 5 m not sufficient for preventing disturbance. Our results indicate that the minimum approach guideline needs to be revised if the probability of disturbance is to be reduced. Modelling the appropriateness of minimum approach guidelines by predicting the probability of disturbance is a useful technique that could be applied to other species and systems. Worldwide, management guidelines need to be scientifically evaluated to ensure efficacy and cater for the more sensitive species affected.
An Average Case NP-complete Graph Colouring Problem
Authors: LEVIN LEONID A. , VENKATESAN RAMARATHNAM
Published: April 2018

NP-complete problems should be hard on some instances but those may be extremely rare. On generic instances many such problems, especially related to random graphs, have been proved to be easy. We show the intractability of random instances of a graph colouring problem: this graph problem is hard on average unless all NP problems under all samplable (i.e. generatable in polynomial time) distributions are easy. Worst case reductions use special gadgets and typically map instances into a negligible fraction of possible outputs. Ours must output nearly random graphs and avoid any super-polynomial distortion of probabilities. This poses significant technical difficulties.
Christoffel–Darboux Type Identities for the Independence Polynomial
Authors: BENCS FERENC
Published: April 2018

In this paper we introduce some Christoffel–Darboux type identities for independence polynomials. As an application, we give a new proof of a theorem of Chudnovsky and Seymour, which states that the independence polynomial of a claw-free graph has only real roots. Another application is related to a conjecture of Merrifield and Simmons.
A Stability Theorem for Matchings in Tripartite 3-Graphs
Authors: HAXELL PENNY , NARINS LOTHAR
Published: April 2018

It follows from known results that every regular tripartite hypergraph of positive degree, with n vertices in each class, has matching number at least n/2. This bound is best possible, and the extremal configuration is unique. Here we prove a stability version of this statement, establishing that every regular tripartite hypergraph with matching number at most (1 + ϵ)n/2 is close in structure to the extremal configuration, where ‘closeness’ is measured by an explicit function of ϵ.
Hebron between Jordan and Egypt: an uncertain transition resulting from the 1948 Palestine War
Authors: KATZ KIMBERLY
Published: April 2018

The story of Hebron during the 1948 Palestine War remains largely untold, obscured by the larger historical forces of the PalestinianNakba(Catastrophe) and refugee crisis that resulted from Israel's declaration of independence. This article examines the history and historiography of Hebron from mid-May 1948 until the departure of Egyptian troops from the country on 30 April 1949, a period referred to as the ‘Dual Era’, an unusual configuration between Jordan and Egypt in which both countries temporarily ruled over the city. It analyses the Dual Era against an emerging Egyptian and Jordanian proto-pan-Arab nationalism as each country's locally based leaders vied for support for their rule from the Palestinian population in Hebron.