bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Drunk Utilitarian Revisited: Does Alcohol Really Increase Utilitarianism in Moral Judgment?
Authors: Paruzel-Czachura Mariola , Pypno Katarzyna , Everett Jim Albert Charlton , Bialek Michal , Gawronski Bertram
Published: September 2021

The “drunk utilitarian” phenomenon suggests that people are more likely to accept harm for the greater good when they are under the influence of alcohol. This phenomenon conflicts with the ideas that (1) acceptance of pro-sacrificial harm requires inhibitory control of automatic emotional responses to the idea of causing harm and (2) alcohol impairs inhibitory control. The current preregistered experiment aimed to provide deeper insights into the effects of alcohol on moral judgments by using a formal modeling approach to disentangle three factors in moral dilemma judgments and by distinguishing between instrumental harm and impartial beneficence as two distinct dimensions of utilitarian psychology. Despite the use of a substantially larger sample and higher doses of alcohol compared to the ones in prior studies, alcohol had no significant effect on moral judgments. The results pose a challenge to the idea that alcohol increases utilitarianism in moral judgments.
Developmental noise is an overlooked contributor to innate variation in psychological traits
Authors: Mitchell Kevin J.
Published: September 2021

Stochastic developmental variation is an additional important source of variance – beyond genes and environment – that should be included in considering how our innate psychological predispositions may interact with environment and experience, in a culture-dependent manner, to ultimately shape patterns of human behaviour.
Arcybiskup generał brygady Sawa (Sowietow) 1898–1951: duszpasterz, żołnierz, obywatel
Authors: Grzybowski Jerzy
Published: September 2021

The books presents the life of archbishop brygadier general Sawa (Sowietow). The author explores its successive stages: young years during the First World War, priesthood in the Second Polish Republic, wanderings during the Second World War, service in Polish Armed Forces in the West (as the chief military chaplain of the Orthodox Church), and religious service among Polish citizens abroad after the Yalta Conference.
Feng Xiaogang’s Youth and the Nostalgic Imagination
Authors: Han Qijun
Published: September 2021

En analysant Youth (Feng Xiaogang, 2017), film sorti il n’y a pas longtemps, et son extraordinaire popularité en Chine, cet article entend se pencher sur les débats actuels concernant le rôle du cinéma en évoquant la nostalgie à travers la référence continuelle au passé national. Dérivé du roman semi-biographique You Touched Me du romancier chinois basé aux États-Unis Yan Geling, le film fournit à la fois une source et une réinvention de la mémoire collective du passé révolutionnaire et socialiste. La popularité de Youth réside dans le sentiment nostalgique qu’il crée non seulement pour les téléspectateurs qui ont vécu dans cette période historique spécifique, mais aussi pour ceux qui ont une image imagée du passé historique. Le mélodrame « pleurant » puissant trouve une expression séduisante dans des objets nostalgiques, tels que le style vestimentaire symbolique, la décoration intérieure avec des caractéristiques historiques et l’utilisation combinée de la musique « rouge classique » et des chansons populaires, qui fonctionnent pour construire l’authenticité perçue de la période. La nostalgie postsocialiste construite par Youth est une réaction réflexive au passé traumatique, et en même temps, elle anticipe un avenir meilleur.
Assessment of the resource potential of the agri-food market of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kabardino-Balkarian State Agricultural University named after V.M. Kokov», Nalchik, Russian Federation, Gyatov Anzor V. , Soskieva Zarina V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Gorskiy State Agrarian University», Vladikavkaz, Russian Federation, Mirzoeva Anzhelika R. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kabardino-Balkarian State Agricultural University named after V.M. Kokov», Nalchik, Russian Federation, Temrokova Asiyat E. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kabardino-Balkarian State Agricultural University named after V.M. Kokov», Nalchik, Russian Federation
Published: September 2021

The article considers the resource potential of the agricultural sector of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic from the standpoint of a systematic approach. The capacity of the market of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic by the main food groups is determined, the degree of self-sufficiency of the region with the main types of food is analyzed and the consumption of food is considered in accordance with the recommended norms of food consumption. The relationship between the standard of living of the population of the republic and the level of consumption of basic food products is studied.
The role of private farming in providing the population with food
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev, Moscow, Russia, Shibalkin Alexandr E.
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Since its appearance, private farming has performed several functions, the most important of which is to provide the rural and urban population with food. The article explores the change in the mechanism for performing this function. The volumetric characteristics of its implementation in dynamics are given, the calculation of the number of rural and urban population of the USSR and Russia, who used private farming to provide with food, is made. Based on the analysis of the currently changed conditions for the functioning of this sector of the economy. a predictive assessment of its existence in the future is made
Selection and evaluation of suppliers as a quality control element for bakery products
Authors:   Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education «Omsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin», Omsk, Russia, Jurk Natalia A.
Published: September 2021

The article presents research in the field of quality management by suppliers of dairy whey to a bakery enterprise in the Omsk region. The general assessment criteria are systematized in the form of a tree diagram, which makes it possible to identify them depending on the target orientation. When evaluating suppliers, such fundamental elements as the quality of purchased raw materials, their cost and timeliness of delivery were taken into account. The results of an expert assessment of the organoleptic parameters of serum, controlled physicochemical parameters and subsequent regression analysis made it possible to establish their compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents. A comprehensive assessment of the possibilities allowed us to give an objective assessment, as well as to make a decision on choosing in favor of one of the suppliers.
The Development of the French Version of the Psychological Sense of School Membership (PSSM) Questionnaire: An Analysis of its Structure, Properties and Potential for Research with at-risk Students
Authors: St-Amand Jerome , Boily Robert , Bowen Francois , Smith Jonathan , Janosz Michel , Verner-Filion Jérémie
Published: September 2021

Introduction. As it plays an important role in students' adjustment, and positively impacts their motivation and academic success, school belonging seems to be a pivotal determinant of the overall quality of a school experience. However, measuring such a belonging and estimating its contribution to the overall quality of school adjustment remain a challenge for the scientific community. Method. Thus, the French version of the Psychological Sense of School Membership (PSSM) questionnaire was tested to determine its latent structure, validity, and capacity to predict dropout among at-risk students. In Study 1, the French version of the PSSM scale was thoroughly analyzed for validity while performing exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and multigroup confirmatory factor analysis on self-reported data provided by a sample of high school students. In study 2, answers of a particular sample of at-risk students were carefully analyzed with ANOVAS to determine the potential of the PSSM to predict high school dropout. Results. The exploratory factor analysis and the confirmatory factor analysis revealed four predominant dimensions: (1) teacher-student relationships; (2) peers' relationships; (3) sense of acceptance; and (4) sense of attachment, while the multigroup confirmatory factor analysis revealed the PSSM to be partially invariant with regards to the gender of the participants. In Study 2, we found that the PSSM can be used as a tool to help identify students who are at risk of dropping out of school. Conclusion. Strategies to develop students' school belonging are discussed.
Teacher Enthusiasm, Supportive Instructional Practices, and Student Motivation in Mathematics Classrooms
Authors: C. Frommelt Marthe , Schiefele Ulrich , Lazarides Rebecca
Published: September 2021

This longitudinal study examined the relations between teacher enthusiasm, supportive instructional practices, and students’ mastery goal orientation and behavioral engagement in mathematics. All variables were assessed by means of student reports. A total of 751 9th and 10th grade secondary school students from 46 mathematics classrooms were presented with questionnaires at the beginning (Time 1) and the middle of the school year (Time 2). Structural equation analyses revealed that student-perceived teacher enthusiasm at Time 1 predicted student-perceived support for autonomy, competence, social relatedness, and subject matter relevance at Time 2. Student-perceived support for autonomy and social relatedness (Time 2) were related to students’ mastery goal orientation and their behavioral engagement (Time 2). Moreover, student-perceived teacher enthusiasm (Time 1) indirectly predicted students’ mastery goal orientation (Time 2) via student-perceived support for social relatedness and autonomy (Time 2). The findings contribute to research aimed at identifying teacher characteristics and instructional processes that promote student motivation.
Early Outcomes Following off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery under General Anaesthesia with and without High Thoracic Epidural Analgesia: A Comparative Study
Authors: Dasgupta Chaitali
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Reduction of postoperative morbidity by providing optimal pain relief and improving overall quality of care is an important goal of modern anaesthesia practice. The aim of this prospective, randomized, open, controlled study is to investigate the impact of high thoracic epidural analgesia on early clinical outcomes in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) surgery. Methodology: After obtaining the institutional ethics committee approval and written informed consent from all patients, 80 patients of either sex, aged 40 – 70 years, scheduled for elective primary OPCAB surgery were randomized into two groups. Group I received 4 mL of an epidural bolus of 1% ropivacaine and fentanyl 100 µg followed by ropivacaine 1% and fentanyl 5 µg/mL infusion for 72 h at 3–5 mL/h postoperatively. Analgesia in the Group II was provided with a continuous IV fentanyl infusion. Patients were given rescue analgesic (inj Tramadol intravenous) when VAS score is >40 in the postoperative period. Results: VAS score, need for rescue analgesics and incidence of postoperative arrythmia were significantly lower in Group I specially for first twenty four hours postoperatively. Time for extubation and length of postoperative ICU stay were found similar in both the groups. Incidence of other outcomes found to be not significant. Conclusion: The pain scores, analgesic requirements and incidence perioperative arryrhmias were significantly less in Group I compared to Group II, but we could not be able to find any significant difference in time for extubation and length of ICU stay, neither in incidence of postoperative MI, CVA, renal failure, blood transfusion and death.
Surgical outcomes of patients with degenerative lumbar disc disease post-IntraSPINE® device fixation: Three-year prospective study
Authors: Co-Minh Doan
Published: September 2021

Background: Lumbar degenerative disc disease is one of the most common conditions associated with chronic low back pain. IntraSPINE® is a novel inter-laminar device that allows more physiological rocking-type movements in flexion and extension. Aim: To evaluate the results of patients with symptomatic Lumbar degenerative disc disease treated with an IntraSPINE® device and followed up over a 3-year period. Materials and Methods: A Prospective longitudinal research study involving patients with imaging-confirmed Lumbar degenerative disc disease in whom conservative treatment was unsuccessful. Outcome measures were changes over baseline score on the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and low back and radicular pain assessed at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months postoperatively. Overall success, a composite outcome that included key safety and clinical considerations, was assessed. Secondary outcomes included satisfaction with symptoms, employment status and post-surgery medical interventions. To compare differences in longitudinal clinical score patterns over 36 months, a mixed-effect model ANCOVA with repeated measurements was performed, with adjustment for low back and radicular pain score and ODI score at baseline. Results: 231 patients were recruited and 180 completed the study. A significant improvement in ODI score (p=0.0597), as well as in VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) scores for back (p= 0.0228) and leg pain (p<0.0001) was observed during the follow-up. For ODI score, the mean percentage decrease from inclusion to month 36 was 64.5%. These scores were respectively 66.2% for radicular pain and 46.4% for low back pain. In 73% of cases, surgery was considered successful. 89% of working patients returned to work and 68% of patients were very satisfied at month 12. Only four patients presented intraoperative complications.
Mucormycose Rhino-Orbito-Cerebrale: Bonne Evolution
Authors: Boumendil Ikrame
Published: September 2021

Mucormycoses are opportunistic, rare, aggressive, often rapidly fatal infections caused by fungi of the zygomycete class. They are most often associated with decompensated diabetes or immunosuppression. They manifest themselves in different forms, the rhino-cerebral localization of which is the most frequent. The early diagnosis of this affection is essentially based on the histopathological analysis. Therefore, it must be evoked and sought by biopsies in any diabetic or immunocompromised patient suffering from complicated rhinosinusitis. We present in this work the case of a 14-year-old patient who suffered from rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis successfully treated in our department of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery.
Treatment of Pediatric Life Threatening Amitriptilin Intoxication with Plasma Exchange
Authors: Karakaya Deniz
Published: September 2021

Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) overdose is one of the most common causes of serious drug poisoning in children. Amitriptyline is a major TCA drug that is used widely. Tricyclic antidepressant intoxications are very important because of their severe adverse effects and probable fatal outcomes. It may cause cardiovascular, respiratory and neurological side effects. Poisoning results in hypotension, cardiac dysrhythmia, depression of the central nervous system (CNS) and seizures. The most common effects on the central nervous system are agitation, lethargy, seizures, and coma. Cardiovascular toxicities manifest itself especially with electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities, arrhythmias, and refractory hypotension and they are the leading cause of fatal outcome. Treatments in TCA overdose are mainly conservative including gastric lavage, activated charcoal and vasopressors for hypotension, sodium bicarbonate for dysrhythmias, and benzodiazepines for seizures. Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) also has an effective role in the treatment of fatal cardiac arrhythmias occurring in high-dose amitriptyline intoxication. Intravenous lipid emulsions have been increasingly studied as antidotes to reverse acute, life-threatening drug toxicity. Unpredictable and poor results with hemoperfusion (HP) and hemodialysis (HD) should be expected, as the drug binds rapidly to tissues and has a large volume of distribution. But beside it, in the last few years, HP has been successfully used in severe TCA overdose, especially in patients with persistent respiratory, cardiac, and neurologic symptoms. Besides all these, recently, plasma exchange, have been increasingly used. A reduction of plasma levels by 63% after plasmapheresis in TCA poisoning has been reported. Here, we report a successful treatment of plasma exchange 3 year patient with amitriptyline overdose who had arrhythmias and seizures that wasn't respond all to conservative therapies.
Dermatofibroma Frequent Disease, Uncommon Location
Authors: Chaoui R.
Published: September 2021

Dermatofibroma (DF) is a very common benign tumor, which occurs most often in middle-aged women. In general, DF presents as a solitary lesion on the extremities, shoulders or buttock, which occasionally develops following minor trauma or an insect bite. We describe a case of dermatofibroma involving the dorsum of right hand.
Prevention of Reflux Disease After Operations On Gastric And Intestinal Tract
Authors: V.L. Martynov
Published: September 2021

Creating anastomoses between the hollow organs of the abdominal cavity, abdominal formations of the retroperitoneal space and the jejunum always raises the question of preventing reflux from the jejunum into the drained cavity of the esophagus, stomach, gallbladder, external hepatic ducts, cysts of the liver and pancreas. After surgery, any reflux becomes pathological. Reflux is an obligate precancer. Thus, the reflux of bile and pancreatic juices in the stomach, the stump of the stomach and esophagus contributes to the occurrence of reflux esophagitis, reflux gastritis, ulcers and gastric cancer or its stump. After internal drainage of the cavity formation in the jejunum, postoperative reflux disease develops, which is caused by the actions of the surgeon who tried to help the patient sincerely. This allowed such states to be defined as “iatrogenic postoperative reflux disease”. The purpose of this work was to develop and introduce into practice the “plug” on the resulting loop of the jejunum, which does not migrate into the lumen of the intestine, with internal drainage of the hollow organs of the abdominal cavity and abdominal formations of the retroperitoneal space and evaluate the clinical results. As a result, the authors have developed a method for creating a “plug” on the jejunum loop, which is used for drainage, studies are being conducted on its safety, adequacy of functioning, general accessibility, and clinical situations are analyzed. For drainage of the abdominal formation impose a fistula between it and the jejunum loop 40–50 cm from the ligament of Treitz. We form an inter-intestinal fistula according to Brown, above which the length leading to a drained formation of the area of ​​the jejunum is about 10 cm, in the middle of which we impose a “plug”. The length of the small intestine section which diverts from the drained formation to the inter-intestinal brown anastomosis is about 30 cm. To form a “plug”, we use the free area of ​​the greater omentum, through which we perform a ligature of non-absorbable polypropylene material by vcol-vykola. The developed method of forming a "plug" does not cause abrupt ischemic changes in the area of ​​operation, followed by necrosis of the intestinal wall and migration of the "plug" into the intestinal lumen, and its effectiveness has been proven using clinical observations, microcirculation studies, water test results and X-ray examination. The method of creating a "stub" is promising for the internal drainage of abdominal cavity formations and retroperitoneal space, for the formation of areflux nutrient eunostoma.
Clinical Figure and Rate of Mortality Among Chronic Schizophrenics: A Local Assessment
Authors: Shafti Saeed
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Researchers have consistently reported that people with mental disorders have elevated mortality compared with the general population. In Iran there are not systematic psychiatric case registers that could allow us to study precisely the mortality of psychiatric patients. The aim of the current study was to determine the mortality rate and clinical profile of death in a group of non-western chronic elderly schizophrenic patients. Methods: chronic geriatric subdivision of Razi Psychiatric hospital with a capacity around 220 beds (110 for each of male and female elderly patients) had been selected as the specific arena of investigation. For the present retrospective survey, all recorded deceases during the last sixty months (April of 2014-August 2019) in the said senior wards had been included in the current study. Clinical diagnosis, too, was essentially based on ‘Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders’, 5th edition (DSM-5). Results: Among eight-hundreds and frothy chronic elderly schizophrenic patients, sixty-nine deceases had been registered by the mortality committee of the hospital. As said by results, the annual rate of mortality among elderly schizophrenic patients in the present assessment was around 0.015 (0.15 per 1,000 individuals per year) and 0.017 (0.17 per 1,000 individuals per year) among male and female aged patients, respectively, which were significantly lower than current native crude death rate (p<0.000). While the age of the expired female patients was significantly more than the died male schizophrenics (p < 0.001), the life expectancy of both male and female expired patients was significantly shorter than the public’s life expectancy (p< 0.000). Besides, in the present evaluation, while cardiac illness was the main leading cause of death among old schizophrenics, reasons like suicide, falls, drug use or tuberculosis, were not applicable at all. Conclusion: While the rate of mortality among elderly schizophrenics was significantly lower than public’s crude death rate, age of the deceased female patients was significantly longer than the male expired patients and life expectancy of both male and female died patients was significantly lower than native public’s life expectancy. Cardiac disorder, as well, was the main leading cause of death among aged schizophrenic patients.
Nanotoxicity of corona-nanoparticles (SARS-COV-2): Nano mechanisms of hypoxia
Authors: Hanini Amel
Published: September 2021

The present review aim to help scientific community to better understand, in vitro and in vivo, COVID-19 compared to Monge disease (MD). The SARS-COV-2 or Corona-nanoparticles (NPs: 60-140nm) model based on nanosciences give an innovative understanding of virus nanotoxicity associated to violent inflammatory reactions and acute respiratory distress. Our analysis of COVID-19 suggest for the first time as far as we know that SARS-COV-2 use nanosciences laws such as virus agglomeration and mitochondria respiration toxicity induced by cluster virus-Heme. Moreover, the implication of age, gender, and ethnicity to COVID-19 must be confirmed by future studies compared to MD. Virus could use nanomechanisms to induce hypoxia via generation of Heme-virus clusters mitigating microcoagulation implicated in acute respiratory distress and heart failure. Our analysis point to the presence of possible link between hypoxia and COVID-19 pro-pulmonary complications.
Gestational diabetes management postpartum in primary healthcare facilities: Mini review update on Delta State Nigeria
Authors: U Nwose Ezekiel , A Orove Annette , Garba Ahmed , O Orru Mary , Otovwe Agofure , O Igumbor Eunice
Published: September 2021

In this piece of the series on primary health care (PHC) as a ‘central hub’ role in health systems of Delta State Nigeria, focus is on gestational diabetes screening and postpartum follow up. Antenatal services offered by the governmental health system are rarely available in PHC facilities. Based on preliminary reports from ongoing studies, this narrative review articulates the potential of PHC to offer antenatal services including gestational diabetes screening and postpartum follow up. The basic evidence and need to enhance behavioural change wheel among all stakeholders, including but not limited to both the healthcare providers and community members, are presented.
Rendezvous for afferent limb syndrome
Authors: Mendez Ivan
Published: September 2021

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients with surgical alterations in the normal biliary anatomy is technically challenging. We describe the case of a 73-year-old patient with an afferent limb syndrome secondary to a Whipple procedure for pancreatic cancer, in which a percutaneous rendezvous technique assisted in the endoscopic metallic stent placement with favorable outcome.
The smoking economic burden by morbidity
Authors: Hernández Fé Fernández
Published: September 2021

Background: The research and analysis from smoking must be from several points of view. Nevertheless the smoking economic burden by morbidity must be strongly researched since the Health Economy. The usefulness from postgraduate course about this subject offer the opportunity to generalize the whole knowledge obtained. Thus more health professional will be better capacitated to make better measures from the smoking economic impact over the Public Health. Objective: To design a postgraduate trainer course about the measurement from the smoking economic burden by morbidity. Materials and methods: Were used the inductive – deductive and the comparative as theoretical methods. As empiric method was used the bibliographic research. Results: The suggested course has the particularity of be contextualized agree to general learning needs from health professionals related to the smoking economic control. The course has the characteristic that each subject is supported by the previous. Conclusion: Was designed a postgraduate trainer course for health professionals related with the smoking economic control. The course is agreed to general learning needs from health professionals related to the smoking economic control.
EFEKTIVITAS LAYANAN KONSELING KELOMPOK KONTRAK PERILAKU UNTUK MENGURANGI PERILAKU BERMAIN GAME ONLINE DI RUMAH (Studi Eksperimen Kuasi Siswa Kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 15 Palu)
Authors: Lestari Mardi , Aras Nurul Fitriah , Fauziah Nur , Irawan Andi Wahyu , Mahyuddin Muhammad Junaedi
Published: September 2021

Permasalahan utama penelitian ini adalah kebiasaan bermain game online oleh siswa di rumah. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan efektivitas layanan konseling kelompok kontrak perilaku untuk mengurangi perilaku bermain game online di rumah. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan model One Grup Pretest-Posttes Design. Sampel penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling sebanyak 6 orang siswa SMP Negeri 15 Palu. Data hasil angket analisis dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan inferensial berdasarkan rumus Wilcoxon sign rank test. Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa  perilaku bermain game online di rumah sebelum mengikuti layanan konseling kelompok kontrak perilaku, antara lain: 6 siswa yaitu MAB, MRA, YL, J, MR dan MRT memiliki intensitas tinggi bermain game online di rumah. Setelah diberikan layanan konseling kelompok kontrak perilaku, 3 siswa berinisial MRA, YL dan MRT memiliki perilaku bermain game online  tinggi, 3 siswa yaitu MAB, MR, dan J memiliki perilaku bermain game online rendah. Hasil analisis inferensial menunjukkan bahwa perilaku bermain game online di rumah setelah mengikuti layanan konseling kelompok kontrak perilaku lebih rendah dibanding sebelum mengikuti layanan konseling kelompok kontrak perilaku. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa layanan konseling kelompok kontrak perilaku efektif untuk mengurangi perilaku bermain game online di rumah.
Methamphetamine-Triggered Neurotoxicity in Human Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Zare Ali , Ghanbari Alireza , Hoseinpour Mohammad Javad , Eskandarian Boroujeni Mahdi , Alimohammadi Alimohammad , Abdollahifar Mohammad Amin , Aliaghaei Abbas , Mansouri Vahid , Zaferani Arani Hamid
Published: September 2021

Background: Methamphetamine (MA), is an extremely addictive stimulant that adversely affects the central nervous system. Accumulating evidence indicates that molecular mechanisms such as oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy are involved in the toxicity of MA. Considering experimental animal studies exhibiting MA-induced neurotoxicity, the relevance of these findings needs to be evidently elucidated in human MA users. It is generally assumed that multiple chemical substances released in the brain following MA-induced metabolic activation are primary factors underlying damage of neural cells. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the role of autophagy and apoptosis as well as oxidative stress in the brain of postmortem MA-induced toxicity. Materials and Methods: In this study, we determine the gene expression of autophagy and apoptosis, including BECN1, MAP1ALC3, CASP8, TP53, and BAX genes in ten healthy controls and ten chronic users of MA postmortem dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Also, we applied immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human brain samples to analyze brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Also, spectrophotometry was performed to measure glutathione (GSH) content. Results: The expression level of apoptotic and autophagic genes (BECN1, MAP1ALC3, CASP8, TP53, and BAX) were significantly elevated, while GSH content and BDNF showed substantial reductions in DLPFC of chronic MA users. Conclusion: Our data showed that MA addiction provokes transduction pathways, namely apoptosis and autophagy, along with oxidative mechanisms in DLPFC. Also, MA induces multiple functional and structural perturbations in the brain, determining its toxicity and possibly contributing to neurotoxicity. [GMJ.2021;10:e2016]
Effects of Dexmedetomidine On the Postoperative Shivering, Nausea, and Vomiting Among Opium User Patients Undergoing Elective Supratentorial Brain Tumor Surgery: A Randomized, Placebo, Controlled Clinical trials
Authors: Rajabi Mona , Ommi Davood , Zali Alireza , Arefian Noor Mohammad
Published: September 2021

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), and shivering are common general anesthesia complications. Hence, this study evaluates the effect of dexmedetomidine, given as a premedication, on PONV and shivering in patients with opium use who underwent elective supratentorial brain tumor surgeries. Materials and Methods: In a randomized clinical trial, 100 opium user patients who were candidates for elective supra-tentorial brain tumor surgery under general anesthesia were studied in two groups of 50 patients. The intervention group received dexmedetomidine (within 10 and 30 minutes infusion) before the anesthesia induction. Group placebo that received normal saline as a group. PONV and shivering rates were compared between the two groups. Results:  Both groups did not differ in hemodynamic parameters during operation, including pulse rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and anesthesia duration. In the dexmedetomidine group, patients suffered less from PONV and shivering rather than controls, and these differences were both significant (P=0.001 and P=0.027, respectively). Discussion: Dexmedetomidine administration before major surgeries might reduce post-operative nausea and vomiting and the occurrence of shivering, particularly in opium-addicted patients.[GMJ.2021;10:e2146]
The Lived Temporalities of Prognosis
Authors: Sakellariou Dikaios , Nissen Nina , Warren Narelle
Published: September 2021

In this article, we explore the ways in which a man with motor neurone disease, Gareth, and his wife and carer, Maggie, enact different temporal orientations, when the expected future, an early death, does not arrive. We attend to the tensions between everyday priorities and uncertain futures to discuss the ways Gareth and Maggie negotiate action to deal with problems that are yet to come, but, despite this, already matter. We argue that prognosis thrusts people towards multiple presents and futures; while the future is fixed in time through prognosis and repaired through present action, it is also unfixed as lived experience unfolds over time. What emerges is a dialogue between multiple futures, pre-determinedanduncertain, and practices that aim to repair the future, even if they cannot do so.
The history of the preparation for publication of “The Ladder” in the translation of Optina Pustyn
Authors: Каширина В. В.
Published: September 2021

В статье рассматривается история подготовки к изданию переводов «Лествицы», выполненных в Оптиной пустыни, где во второй половине XIX в. сложилась перевод- ческая школа, продолжающая традиции прп. Паисия Величковского. В 1862 г. были опубликованы две редакции перевода: оптинская редакция перевода «Лествицы» прп. Паисия на славянский язык и перевод «Лествицы» на русский язык. В переводческой деятельности монастыря участвовали прп. Макарий Оптинский, прп. Амвросий Оптинский, о. Леонид (Кавелин), о. Ювеналий (Половцев), о. Климент (Зедергольм). Из светских лиц активное участие в издательской деятельности принимали И. В. Киреевский и Н. П. Киреевская и др. Постоянно поддерживал и принимал непосредственное участие в книгоиздательской деятельности митрополит Московский Филарет (Дроздов).

In this article the A. analyzes the history of the preparation for publication of “The Ladder” of St. John Climacus in the edition of Optina Pustyn, where in the second half of the nineteenthcentury there was a translation school, which continued the tradition of St. Paisius Velichkovsky. In 1862 there were published two editions of translation of “The Ladder”: the editors of Optina translation of “The Ladder” by St. Paisius and a translation into the Russian language. St.Macarius of Optina, St. Ambrose of Optina, Leonidus (Kavelin), Yuvenaly (Polovtsev), Kliment (Zedergolm) and I. V. Kireevsky, N. P. Kireevskaya etc. and also metropolitan of Moscow Philaretus (Drozdov) participated in the translation activities of Optina Pustyn.
Reaction of the Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church 1917-1918 to the news of the execution of Nicholas II
Authors: Масин Вячеслав Вячеславович
Published: September 2021

В статье сделана попытка осветить такую немаловажную тему, как реакция Поместного Собора 1917-1918 годов на известие о казни Николая II (1868-1918 гг.). Автором рассматриваются прения, которые состоялись на Соборе по вопросу служения панихиды за бывшего царя. Также в статье проведён анализ проповеди Святителя Тихона (Белавина) (1865-1925 гг.), который даёт нам представление о позиции Патриарха по данному вопросу.

This article tries to consider such an important question as the reaction of the Local Council of 1917-1918 to the news of the execution of tsar Nicholas II (1868-1918). The author considers the debates, which took place on the Sobor on the issue of service of memorial for the former tsar. The article also analyzes the sermon of St. Tikhon (Belavin) (1865-1925), which gives us an idea of the position of the Patriarch on this issue.
Career stages at the bottom line: Revisiting the relationship between organizational justice and turnover intentions
Authors: Nadeem-Uz-Zaman  , Ahmed Tariq , Ramayah Thurasamy , Khalid Zeeshan , Asad Muhammad
Published: September 2021

PURPOSE:

The literature of the field suggests a strong relationship between organizational justice and turnover intentions of employees; however, the applicability of this claim has never been tested across different career stages, therefore, this study attempted to examine if there were any differences in this relationship across different career stages.

METHODS:

The data was collected from 71 different service sector organizations from both the public and private sectors. Initially, the lists of all the employees were obtained from their respective HR departments. From the main list, three subsidiary lists were generated relating to (1) early-career level employees, (2) mid-career level employees, and (3) the top-career level employees.

RESULTS:

It is found that the justice-turnover intentions relationship varied across different career stages. Only distributive justice affected the turnover intentions of early-career employees. At the middle career stage, all three components of justice affected turnover intentions. None of the components of organizational justice influenced turnover intentions at the later career stage.

RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS:

The current study was only focused on looking for differences in the proposed relationship across different career stages. Future researchers can consider looking for the underlying causes that make up such differences.

ORIGINALITY:

This study offers a better understanding of employee turnover behavior as a result of their perception of organizational justice at different career levels across diverse organizations, it attempts to contribute to exploring the interaction of different organizational stages concerning Career stage theory (CST). This study further adds new insights into the theories of organizational justice, and turnover intentions.
Effects of Chronic, Maximal Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino Oligomer (PMO) Dosing on Muscle Function and Dystrophin Restoration in a Mouse Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Benny Klimek Margaret E. , Vila Maria Candida , Edwards Katie , Boehler Jessica , Novak James , Zhang Aiping , Van der Meulen Jack , Tatum Kathleen , Quinn James , Fiorillo Alyson , Burki Umar , Straub Volker , Lu Qi Long , Hathout Yetrib , van Den Anker John , Partridge Terence A. , Morales Melissa , Hoffman Eric , Nagaraju Kanneboyina
Published: September 2021

Background: Phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer (PMO)-mediated exon skipping is currently used in clinical development to treat Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), with four exon-skipping drugs achieving regulatory approval. Exon skipping elicits a truncated, but semi-functional dystrophin protein, similar to the truncated dystrophin expressed in patients with Becker Muscular dystrophy (BMD) where the disease phenotype is less severe than DMD. Despite promising results in both dystrophic animal models and DMD boys, restoration of dystrophin by exon skipping is highly variable, leading to contradictory functional outcomes in clinical trials. Objective: To develop optimal PMO dosing protocols that result in increased dystrophin and improved outcome measures in preclinical models of DMD. Methods: Tested effectiveness of multiple chronic, high dose PMO regimens using biochemical, histological, molecular, and imaging techniques in mdx mice. Results: A chronic, monthly regimen of high dose PMO increased dystrophin rescue in mdx mice and improved specific force in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. However, monthly high dose PMO administration still results in variable dystrophin expression localized throughout various muscles. Conclusions: High dose monthly PMO administration restores dystrophin expression and increases muscle force; however, the variability of dystrophin expression at both the inter-and intramuscular level remains. Additional strategies to optimize PMO uptake including increased dosing frequencies or combination treatments with other yet-to-be-defined therapies may be necessary to achieve uniform dystrophin restoration and increases in muscle function.
Providing ART-DECOR ValueSets via FHIR Terminology Servers – A Technical Report
Authors: Wiedekopf Joshua , Drenkhahn Cora , Ulrich Hannes , Kock-Schoppenhauer Ann-Kristin , Ingenerf Josef
Published: September 2021

To ensure semantic interoperability within healthcare systems, using common, curated terminological systems to identify relevant concepts is of fundamental importance. The HL7 FHIR standard specifies means of modelling terminological systems and appropriate ways of accessing and querying these artefacts within a terminology server. Hence, initiatives towards healthcare interoperability like IHE specify not only software interfaces, but also common codes in the form of value sets and code systems. The way in which these coding tables are provided is not necessarily compatible to the current version of the HL7 FHIR specification and therefore cannot be used with current HL7 FHIR-based terminology servers. This work demonstrates a conversion of terminological resources specified by the Integrating the Healthcare Initiative in the ART-DECOR platform, partly available in HL7 FHIR, to ensure that they can be used within a HL7 FHIR-based terminological server. The approach itself can be used for other terminological resources specified within ART-DECOR but can also be used as the basis for other code-driven conversions of proprietary coding schemes.
openMNGlab: Data Analysis Framework for Microneurography – A Technical Report
Authors: Schlebusch Fabian , Kehrein Frederic , Röhrig Rainer , Namer Barbara , Kutafina Ekaterina
Published: September 2021

openMNGlab is an open-source software framework for data analysis, tailored for the specific needs of microneurography – a type of electrophysiological technique particularly important for research on peripheral neural fibers coding. Currently, openMNGlab loads data from Spike2 and Dapsys, which are two major data acquisition solutions. By building on top of the Neo software, openMNGlab can be easily extended to handle the most common electrophysiological data formats. Furthermore, it provides methods for data visualization, fiber tracking, and a modular feature database to extract features for data analysis and machine learning.
Patient Portals: Objectives, Acceptance, and Effects on Health Outcome – A Scoping Review of Reviews
Authors: Leb I. , Magnin S. , Prokosch H.-U. , Boeker M.
Published: September 2021

Patient portals provide patients access to their electronic health record and other functions as secure messaging. For over a decade, more and more patient portals are developed for various settings. The aim of this scoping review of reviews is to systematically search the literature for existing reviews to provide an overview of patient portals’ objectives, acceptance and effects on outcome. We followed the PRISMA Statement and its extension for scoping reviews, and searched for articles published in 2011–2021. The 19 included articles were considerably heterogeneous concentrating on health outcome or patient portal facilitators and barriers.
Development of a resource-saving technology of production of strip-type profiles by drawing in roller dies using dummy passes
Authors: Klyuchnikov K. Yu. , Razdobreev V. G. , Leshchenko A. I. , Palamar’ D. G.
Published: September 2021

The rolling-drawing process is used in the production of a large number of shaped profiles of complex configuration, including thin-walled, strip and periodic section profiles. This process, in comparison with drawing in monolithic dies, allows to reduce energy costs by 20–40 %, to increase deformation in one pass to 40–50 %, to reduce the number of preparatory operations (heat treatment, pickling), to exclude the use of expensive lubricants for drawing. Compared to the production of profiles by the method of cold rolling, the rolling-die process has a higher technological flexibility, does not require significant capital investments when organizing the production of precise profiles. At the same time, due to the presence of tensile stresses at the edges of the profile, which can cause their destruction, the assortment of strip-type profiles produced by this method was previously limited to readymade profiles with a ratio of width to height of no more than two. The authors of this work have previously developed a technology for the production of crimped steel strip with a width-to-height ratio of more than 10 by the rolling-drawing method. However, the developed calibration provides for a large number of transitions, complicates the organization of the production of strip profiles of a wide range of sizes, especially in the production of low-tonnage batches. To decrease the number of transitions, the use of dummy paases was proposed. It was shown that this will make it possible to increase the width-to-height ratio of strip-type profiles to 20, and, accordingly, reduce the production cost. The proposed technology for the production of strip-type profiles by the method of drawing in roller dies using dummy passes will allow to comprehensively solve the problem of providing machine-building and instrument-making enterprises by especially precise profiles of a wide range of sizes.
СORRUPTION COMPONENT IN RAILWAY TRANSPORT ACTIVITIES: ROLE SEGMENT AND CONCEPTUAL ASPECT
Authors:   Donetsk State University of Internal Affairs, Kadala Vitaliy , Guzenko Olena ,   Donetsk State University of Internal Affairs
Published: September 2021

Domestic railway transport suffers from a number of problems that hinder its development. At the same time, the manifestations of corruption intensified, which resulted in the violation of the planned development plans for the future. As a rule, railway transport must function safely, combine the interests of the country with the interests of persons using transport services, promote competition, ensure equal access to its strategic infrastructure, as well as sustainable operation in a special period. However, every year the problems of transport industry development deepen, on the one hand, low level of fixed assets renewal, high level of rolling stock wear, low density of railways, low coefficient of electrification of railways, low speed of cargo delivery, technical and technological backwardness of infrastructure; on the other hand - a high level of transport capacity of GDP, transport services, low share of wages in the provided transportation service, air pollution and a high level of final energy consumption. Only these factors indicate the need for immediate implementation of measures that can ensure the reform of the system of organization of operation and management of the railway transport sector. One of the rather influential factors in slowing down the process of renewing the transport sector is corruption, which reduces cash flows for this type of work, as well as a certain level of imperfection of the legal framework, which should provide tools for anti-corruption actions. Studying the problem of corruption, scholars have drawn attention to different positions on the interpretation of it as a conceptual category. The research emphasizes the expediency and need to clarify the conceptual framework from the standpoint of corruption, which will allow politicians, scientists, top management of large, medium and small businesses operating in the railway sector to make decisions on a more substantive basis. Attention is drawn to the existing scientific positions on the interpretation of the definition of “corruption” with coverage of existing regulations aimed at overcoming it. The author's vision of the essential characteristic of the definitions “corruption in the field of railway transport” and “corruption event on the railway” is offered.