bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consideration of children with intellectual disability as candidates for solid organ transplantation—A practice in evolution
Authors: Wightman Aaron , Diekema Douglas , Goldberg Aviva
Published: December 2017

Children with intellectual disability were historically excluded from consideration as recipients of solid organ transplants. In light of an evolution in provider practices, this commentary will define intellectual disability and review the relevant provider attitudes and guidelines and known outcomes of solid organ transplant in this population.
Necrotizing enterocolitis in the setting of milk allergy after pediatric living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Narumoto Soichi , Sakamoto Seisuke , Uchida Hajime , Sasaki Kengo , Shigeta Takanobu , Fukuda Akinari , Nosaka Shunsuke , Irie Rie , Yoshioka Takako , Kasahara Mureo
Published: December 2017

NEC is an idiopathic intestinal mucosal injury that may progress to transmural bowel necrosis without mesenteric ischemia. NEC usually affects 7‐ to 10‐day‐old neonates following enteral feeding. A 10‐month‐old girl with no history of laparotomy underwent LDLT for acute liver failure. After starting enteral feeding on postoperative day 5, she developed abdominal distention. Diffuse PVG and PI were detected by radiologic modalities. Exploratory laparotomy revealed patchy necrosis of the intestine without perforation. The microscopic findings of a resected specimen revealed transmural coagulative necrosis with multiple small thromboses compatible with neonatal NEC features, and eosinophil infiltration was also observed. Subsequently, after the resumption of enteral feeding with cow's milk, she developed severe diarrhea, the symptoms of which were eliminated after the administration of cow's milk was stopped. These clinical and pathological findings support the speculation that NEC might have been induced by a CMA. Food allergies, which can be induced by immunosuppressive agents, should be considered as a potential cause of NEC in the setting of pediatric liver transplantation.
Using Culturally Responsive Stories in Mathematics: Responses From the Target Audience
Authors: Corp Amy
Published: December 2017

This study examined how Black students responded to the utilization of culturally responsive stories in their mathematics class. All students in the two classes participated in mathematics lessons that began with an African American story (culturally responsive to this population), followed by mathematical discussion and concluded with solving problems that correlated to the story. The researcher observed and recorded responses by students during each part of these lessons with protocols. Students independently reflected weekly by answering five questions to share their perspective on the African American stories. The teacher reflected on each lesson as well, describing thoughts on how these students responded to the story in each lesson. This paper examines the analyzed data from the target audience: Black students. Results revealed that Black students responded to the use of African American stories with high self‐rated levels of engagement and enjoyment and that the stories helped them think about mathematics to varying degrees. Since students who are engaged and are thinking about mathematics are more likely to achieve mathematical understanding, the researcher concludes that this strategy should continue to be tested in diverse classrooms with an emphasis on student reflection to determine if the outcomes are transferable and generalizable.
What Is a Fraction? Developing Fraction Understanding in Prospective Elementary Teachers
Authors: Reeder Stacy , Utley Juliana
Published: December 2017

Classroom teachers need a well‐developed deep understanding of fractions and pedagogic practices so they can provide meaningful experiences for students to explore and construct ideas about fractions. This study sought to examine prospective elementary teachers' understandings of fraction by focusing specifically on their use of fractions meanings and interpretations. Results indicated that prospective elementary teachers bring with them to their final methods course a limited understanding of fractions and that experiences in methods courses resulted only in minor improvement of those limited understandings. The limited part‐whole understanding of fractions that prospective elementary teachers entered the course with was resilient. The implications of this study suggest a need for prospective elementary teachers to continue to develop their conceptual understanding of fractions and for changes to the content and instructional strategies of mathematics content courses designed for prospective elementary teachers.
Examining the potential for porcine‐derived islet cells to harbour viral pathogens
Authors: Crossan Claire , O'Hara Zoe , Mourad Nizar , Gianello Pierre , Scobie Linda
Published: December 2017

With an onus on safety in the potential use of porcine islet cells as a treatment for diabetes, the use of animals lacking exogenous pathogens is clearly important and multilevel screening strategies have been presented on testing animals and the product. In this study, we wished to investigate whether islet cells indeed harboured the same viral pathogens of concern in the source animal. PMBC and islet cells from both adult and neonatal source animals were directly compared and tested for PCMV, PLHV, PCV2, PPV and HEV using both molecular and serological assays. Adult PBMC were found positive for all viruses with the exception of PCV2 and HEV. Neonatal PBMC were only found positive for PCMV and HEV. All animals were found negative for HEV antibodies. Interestingly, islet cells were negative for all viruses tested regardless of status in the animal‐derived PBMC. Given that other laboratories have demonstrated the lack of virus detection during the culture of islets, this study also demonstrates that the hygiene status of the herd may not reflect the status of the product. This is important for establishing guidelines for any risk evaluation and mitigation process utilised during product manufacture.
Complete Genome Sequences of Two Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 Isolates Collected in Brazil
Authors: Di Paola Nicholas , Cunha Marielton dos Passos , Durigon Giuliana Stravinskas , Berezin Eitan Naaman , Durigon Edison , Oliveira Danielle Bruna Leal de , Zanotto Paolo Marinho de Andrade
Published: December 2017

Here, we present the complete genome sequences of two human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV-3) isolates collected from hospitalized infants suffering from acute respiratory disease. These are the first complete genome sequences of HPIV-3 originating from Brazil.
Genome Sequence of Listeria monocytogenes Strain F4244, a 4b Serotype
Authors: Bailey Taylor W. , do Nascimento Naila C. , Bhunia Arun K.
Published: December 2017

Listeria monocytogenes
is an opportunistic invasive foodborne pathogen. Here, we performed whole-genome sequencing of
L. monocytogenes
strain F4244 (serotype 4b) using Illumina sequencing. The sequence showed 94.5% identity with strain F2365, serotype 4b, and 90.6% with EGD-e, serotype 1/2a.
Draft Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus salivarius SGL 03, a Novel Potential Probiotic Strain
Authors: Federici Federica , Manna Laura , Rizzi Eleonora , Galantini Elena , Marini Umberto
Published: December 2017

In this work, we report the draft genome sequence of
Lactobacillus salivarius
SGL 03, a novel potential probiotic strain isolated from healthy infant stools. Antibiotic resistance analysis revealed the presence of a tetracycline resistance gene without elements potentially responsible for interspecific horizontal gene transfer.
Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas fragi Strain DBC, Which Has the Ability To Degrade High-Molecular-Weight Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Singha L. Paikhomba , Kotoky Rhitu , Pandey Piyush
Published: December 2017

Pseudomonas fragi
strain DBC was isolated from crude oil-contaminated soil. The genome of
P. fragi
DBC is comprised of 5,072,304 bp with 54.09% GC content. Genes for degradation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons were found in the genome, in addition to genetic elements for related physiological functions such as chemotaxis, detoxification, and quorum sensing.
Not man's best friend
Authors: Bourne Gemma
Published: December 2017

Gemma Bourne describes her dog, Max, who displays challenging behaviour and what she wants from her vet
Isolation and characterization of a bacterium able to degrade high concentrations of iprodione
Authors: Cao Li , Shi Wenhong , Shu Rundong , Pang Jian , Liu Yuetao , Zhang Xiaohua , Lei Yuming
Published: December 2017

A bacterial strain CQH-1 capable of mineralizing iprodione was isolated and characterized. On the basis of its morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics combined with phylogenetic analysis of its 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain CQH-1 was identified as a Microbacterium sp. CQH-1. It was able to use iprodione and 3,5-dichloroaniline as the sole source of carbon and energy for its growth. It completely degraded 100 mg·L−1iprodione within 96 h at 30 °C. During the degradation of iprodione by strain CQH-1, 2 compounds were detected in GC–MS analysis and were recognized as N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2,4-dioxoimidazolidine and 3,5-dichloroaniline. So, the biodegradation pathway of iprodione by strain CQH-1 was proposed. This is the first report of an iprodione-mineralizing strain from the genus Microbacterium, and strain CQH-1 might be a promising candidate for application in the bioremediation of iprodione-contaminated environments.
Characterization tools of thin polymer films
Authors: Zhou Shenglin , Yang Zhaohui , Zhang Xiaohua
Published: December 2017

Materials having nanoscale structures have shown potentials for applications in microelectronics, biomedicine and energy storage. A continuing challenge is the capability of fabricating multi-function nanodevices with controlled nanostructures and excellent performances. Measurement platforms, which provide accurate and detailed information on internal structures, surface morphologies, mechanical properties and electrochemical properties are a key to this challenge. In this review, we, in particular, highlight the crucial role of measurement techniques in quantifying these nanostructures and their properties.
Many-body theory of effective mass in degenerate semiconductors
Authors: Tripathi G. S. , Shadangi S. K.
Published: December 2017

We derive the many-body theory of the effective mass in the effective mass representation (EMR). In the EMR, we need to solve the equation of motion of an electron in the presence of electron–electron interactions, where the wavefunction is expanded over a complete set of Luttinger–Kohn wavefunctions. We use the Luttinger–Ward thermodynamic potential and the Green’s function perturbation to derive an expression for the band effective mass by taking into account the electron–electron interactions. Both quasi-particle and the correlation contributions are considered. We show that had we considered only the quasi-particle contribution, we would have missed important cancellations. Thus the correlated motion of electrons has important effects in the renormalization of the effective mass. Considering the exchange self-energy in the band model, we derive a tractable expression for the band effective mass. We apply the theory to n-type degenerate semiconductors, PbTe and SnTe, and analyze the impact of the theory on the anisotropic effective mass of the conduction bands in these systems.
Probabilistic controlled remote state preparation of an arbitrary two-qubit state via partially entangled states with multi parties
Authors: Wei Jiahua , Shi Lei , Xu Zhiyan , Ni Yanhui , Han Zhongxiang , Hu Qingqing , Jiang Jun
Published: December 2017

We propose a novel and efficient scheme for probabilistic controlled remote state preparation of an arbitrary two-qubit quantum state with the aid of the introduction of auxiliary particles and some appropriate local unitary operations. In this scheme, two partially three-qubit entangled states are used as quantum channel. The controlled preparation with one sender, two receivers and one controller can be realized when the information of nonmaximally entangled states are only available for the sender. Furthermore, the concrete implementation processes of this proposal are presented, and the successful probability of our scheme are calculated in the general case and special case, respectively.
Fabrication and Flatwise Compression Property of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polypropylene Corrugated Sandwich Panel
Authors: Du Bing , Chen Li-Ming , Zhou Hao , Guo Yong-Guang , Zhang Jian , Peng Shi-Wei , Liu Hou-Chang , Li Wei-Guo , Fang Dai-Ning
Published: December 2017

Composite sandwich structures with cellular cores have wide application in many fields such as aerospace due to their excellent properties. Thermoplastic composite structure has superior impact resistance and recycling ability compared with conventional thermosetting. The glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene corrugated sandwich panels were fabricated by hot-pressing and hot-melting methods, and the flatwise compression property was experimentally investigated. Numerical simulations by use of ABAQUS VUMAT were subsequently carried out, which captured the main experimental features. The classic buckling theory was used to establish the analytical prediction. Experimental results were used to fit the boundary condition factor between face sheet and corrugated core. The fabricated thermoplastic corrugation has competing compression strength with some metal lattice cores and outperforms the commercial aluminum foams with the same density.
Non-Equilibrium Evaporation/Condensation Model
Authors: Librovich B. V. , Nowakowski A. F. , Nicolleau F. C. G. A. , Michelitsch T. M.
Published: December 2017

A new mathematical model for non-equilibrium evaporation/condensation including boiling effect is proposed. A simplified differential-algebraic system of equations is obtained. A code to solve numerically this differential-algebraic system has been developed. It is designed to solve both systems of equations with and without the boiling effect. Numerical calculations of ammonia–water systems with various initial conditions, which correspond to evaporation and/or condensation of both components, have been performed. It is shown that, although the system evolves quickly towards a quasi-equilibrium state, it is necessary to use a non-equilibrium evaporation model to calculate accurately the evaporation/condensation rates, and consequently all the other dependent variables.
Long‐Term Prognostic Implications of Cerebral Microbleeds in Chinese Patients With Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Lau Kui Kai , Wong Yuen Kwun , Teo Kay Cheong , Chang Richard S. K. , Tse Man Yu , Hoi Chu Peng , Chan Chung Yan , Chan Oi Ling , Cheung Ryan Hoi Kit , Wong Edmund Ka Ming , Kwan Joseph Shiu Kwong , Hui Edward S. , Mak Henry Ka Fung
Published: December 2017

Background

This study was performed to determine the clinical correlates and long‐term prognostic implications of microbleed burden and location in Chinese patients with ischemic stroke.

Methods and Results

We recruited 1003 predominantly Chinese patients with ischemic stroke who received magnetic resonance imaging at the University of Hong Kong. We determined the clinical correlates of microbleeds and the long‐term risks (3126 patient‐years of follow‐up) of recurrent ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage (
ICH
) by microbleed burden (0 versus 1, 2–4, and ≥5) and location, adjusting for age, sex, and vascular risk factors and stratified by antithrombotic use. Microbleeds were present in 450 of 1003 of the study population (119/450 had ≥5, 187/450 had mixed location). Having ≥5 microbleeds was independently associated with prior antiplatelet and anticoagulant use, whereas microbleeds of mixed location were independently associated with hypertension and prior anticoagulant use (all
P
<0.05). Microbleed burden was associated with an increased risk of
ICH
(microbleed burden versus no microbleeds: 1 microbleed: multivariate hazard ratio: 0.59 [95% confidence interval, 0.07–5.05]; 2–4 microbleeds: multivariate hazard ratio: 2.14 [95% confidence interval, 0.50–9.12]; ≥5 microbleeds: multivariate hazard ratio: 9.51 [95% confidence interval, 3.25–27.81];
P
trend
<0.0001), but the relationship of microbleed burden and risk of recurrent ischemic stroke was not significant (
P
trend
=0.054). Similar findings were noted in the 862 of 1003 patients treated with antiplatelet agents only (
ICH
:
P
trend
<0.0001; ischemic stroke
P
trend
=0.096). Multivariate analysis revealed that, independent of vascular risk factors, antithrombotic use, and other neuroimaging markers of small vessel disease, having ≥5 microbleeds (multivariate hazard ratio: 6.08 [95% confidence interval, 1.11–33.21];
P
=0.037) was identified as an independent predictor of subsequent
ICH
, but neither microbleed burden nor location was predictive of recurrent ischemic stroke risk.

Conclusions

In Chinese patients with ischemic stroke, a high burden of cerebral microbleeds was significantly associated with an increased risk of
ICH
; however, neither microbleed location nor burden was associated with recurrent ischemic stroke risk.
Agapetes brevipedicellata (Ericaceae), a new species from Putao, Kachin State, Northern Myanmar
Authors: ZHOU SHI-SHUN , YANG BIN , TONG YI-HUA , DING HONG-BO , LI REN , KYAW WIN MAUNG , TAN YUN-HONG
Published: December 2017

Agapetes brevipedicellata, a new species of Ericaceae from Putao, Kachin State, Myanmar, is here described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to Agapetes pseudogriffithii, but can be easily distinguished from the latter by its nearly fleshy branchlets, linear-lanceolate leaf blades, stout, fleshy, bracteate peduncles, pedicels and calyx pale greenish tinged with pale pink, and stems and branches with prominent leaf and inflorescence scars.
Correction of a typographical error in Bignonia ‘ghorta’ (Bignoniaceae)
Authors: MADHUKAR VIRENDRA K. , BANDYOPADHYAY SUBIR
Published: December 2017

Wallich (1828–1849) published the work entitled “A numerical list of dried specimens of plants, in the East India Company’s Museum collected under the superintendence of Dr. Wallich of the Company’s botanic garden at Calcutta.” This work was lithographed from a manuscript written by N. Wallich and G. Bentham and has been often cited as “Wallich’s Catalogue.” This catalogue includes more than 8600 names, but lacks descriptions or references to the descriptions. As such, most of the names listed are nomina nuda and not validly published names (see Art. 38.2 Ex.1 of ICN, McNeill & al. 2012). Many of these nomina nuda were validated by Don (1831–1838).
Piper jianfenglingense, a new species of Piperaceae from Hainan Island, China
Authors: HAO CHAO-YUN , QIN XIAO-WEI , TAN LE-HE , HU LI-SONG , WU GANG , LUO SHUI-XING , DENG HAI-YAN , TAN YUN-HONG
Published: December 2017

Piper jianfenglingense, which was collected in the Jianfengling National Natural Reserve, Hainan Island, China, is described and illustrated herein. Morphologically it is similar to P. mutabile, from which it differs in having sparsely pubescent petioles, vaginate at base only; rachises glabrous; floral bracts adnate to rachis, margin partially hidden; stamens 2, with considerably longer filaments, these caducous when anthers mature; stigmas ovoid, apex acute; berries and seeds ellipsoid. Molecular analyses based on the ITS marker of nuclear ribosomal DNA strongly support P. jianfenglingense as a new species in the genus Piper, most closely related to P. macropodum.
New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil
Authors: FEIJOO ALEXANDER M. , BROWN GEORGE G. , JAMES SAMUEL W.
Published: December 2017

Findings pertinent to 11 earthworm species from Venezuela and Brazil are reported. Six of these species are described as new to science, one is re-described and relocated in the genus Andiorrhinus, and new sites of occurrence are reported for four other species. Eight species of oligochaetes were found in the Andes in the state of Mérida, Venezuela: Andiorrhinus (Turedrilus) duranti sp. nov., Andiorrhinus (Meridrilus) timotocuica sp. nov., Andiorrhinus (Meridrilus) torondoy sp. nov., Andiorrhinus (Meridrilus) sp. 1, Andiorrhinus (Quibario) tatuy sp. nov., Andiorrhinus (Meridrilus) kuika (Righi, 1993), Andiorrhinus (Meridrilus) mukuci (Righi, 1993), and Andiorrhinus (Meridrilus) rimeda (Righi & Araujo, 2000). Andiorrhinus (Meridrilus) sp. 1, represented by one specimen only, is possibly a new species. Three other species were collected in Brazil: Andiorrhinus (Amazonidrilus) karinae sp. nov. in the Cerrado bioregion of Mato Grosso state; Andiorrhinus (Amazonidrilus) rodriguezi sp. nov. in the Amazon region in compost, and Andiorrhinus (Amazonidrilus) duseni (Michaelsen, 1918) in the Atlantic Forest, in the states of São Paulo and Paraná, the last species characterized by broad geographical and land use occurrences. The new subgenus Quibario was distinguished by the presence of three pairs of hearts in segments 10, 11, and 12. Keys are also included to differentiate species of subgenera Amazonidrilus and Meridrilus. The implications of these results in the context of ecological interactions, and dispersion of Andiorrhinus species in South America are discussed.
Cherax acherontis (Decapoda: Parastacidae), the first cave crayfish from the Southern Hemisphere (Papua Province, Indonesia)
Authors: PATOKA JIŘÍ , BLÁHA MARTIN , KOUBA ANTONÍN
Published: December 2017

Cherax acherontis n. sp., is a crayﬁsh endemic to the submerged river Yumugima in Hagepma/Jugurama cave in the New Guinea Highlands, Jayawijaya Regency, Papua Province, Indonesia. This species is the first cave crayfish from the Southern Hemisphere. The new species is most similar to Cherax monticola. Both species can be easily distinguished by certain morphological characteristics, which easily demonstrate C. acherontis n. sp. is a valid species.
Measuring Organizational Legitimacy in Social Media: Assessing Citizens’ Judgments With Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Etter Michael , Colleoni Elanor , Illia Laura , Meggiorin Katia , D’Eugenio Antonino
Published: December 2017

Conventional quantitative methods for the measurement of organizational legitimacy consider mainly three sources that make judgments about organizations visible: news media, accreditation bodies, and surveys. Over the last decade, however, social media have enabled ordinary citizens to bypass the gatekeeping function of these institutional evaluators and autonomously make individual judgments public. This inclusion of voices beyond functional and formally organized stakeholder groups potentially pluralizes the ongoing discussions about organizations. The individual judgments in blogs, tweets, and Facebook posts give indication about the broader fit between an organization’s perceived behavior and heterogeneous social norms and therefore constitute an indicator of organizational legitimacy that can be accessed and measured. We propose the use of social media data and sentiment analysis to study the affect-based responses to organizational actions by citizens. We critically discuss and compare the method with existing quantitative methods for legitimacy measurement and apply them to a recent case in the banking industry. We discuss the value of the method for studying the process of legitimacy construction as the expression and negotiation of normative judgments about organizations by various evaluators.
India and Issues in Global Governance with Reference to Internet Governance
Authors: Murthy C.S.R.
Published: December 2017

The unique characteristics of the Internet—its openness, its global interconnectedness, its decentralized nature and the interrelationships among the layers that comprise it—have made it remarkably resistant to traditional tools of state governance. India is among such state actors which prefer a model of governance in which national governments serve as essential gatekeepers to global institutions, and Inter-Governmental Organizations (IGOs) remain the key venue for negotiations on complex problems like Internet. However, the role of international organizations, considered so far as settled sites of global governance, is faced with the task of navigating through a range of competing interests, namely governmental sensitivities regarding security and sovereignty, the commercial interests of private corporations (like the US-based ICANN) as also the concerns of civil society and user groups across the world. The 2005 World Summit on the Information Society witnessed a divisive debate about appropriate models—some privileging the place of intergovernmental bodies, while others promoting the role of non-governmental stakeholders—for regulating the Internet and the domain names system. Notwithstanding inconsistencies, India joined other emerging countries both in 2011 and 2014 negotiations to support creation of a suitable mechanism within the UN system. At the latter event in Sao Paulo, India outlined its detailed considerations for creating an intergovernmental body that would be committed to both the primacy of state sovereignty and to developing the capacities of the disadvantaged developing countries. The Western critics, nevertheless, have found it paradoxical that despite being a democratic and open society, India prefers government-led multilateral, rather than multi-stakeholder, approach to Internet governance.
Justice Perceptions and Demographics of Privilege Among Brazilian Adolescents
Authors: Thomas Kendra J.
Published: December 2017

Drawing from just world theory and system justification theory, this study explores how privileged status influences perceptions of justice. Data from 475 Brazilian adolescents across three schools shed light on how adolescents’ social demographics (ethnicity, education, and income) influence their perceptions of fairness. Adolescents from higher income or educational privilege backgrounds had higher personal belief in a just world (BJW), and better perceptions of legal authorities, but lower general BJW. The opposite was true for less privileged adolescents, indicating that those from lower income homes are less likely to differentiate between personal and general BJW. Contrary to the hypothesis, ethnicity was not a significant variable, but the results were in the expected direction. This research is discussed under the framework of system justification theory and just world theory and provides insight into how the theories complement each other in socially unequal contexts.
A model-driven framework for multi-paradigm modeling and holistic simulation of healthcare systems
Authors: Djitog Ignace , Aliyu Hamzat O , Traoré Mamadou K
Published: December 2017

The domain of healthcare is characterized by a high degree of complexity and a diversity of perspectives, and modelers are often confronted with the challenge of formulating a simulation model that captures this complexity in a systematic and manageable manner. Most often, the diverse perspectives of healthcare systems are studied in isolation and using specific formalisms. As it turns out, answering questions concerning behavioral properties of the overall system becomes difficult and therefore not sufficient for an efficient design and analysis of the system under study. In this article, we propose a framework for multi-paradigm modeling and holistic simulation of healthcare systems. We present a modeling methodology with a plethora of formalisms to allow the modeler to choose an appropriate formalism at a given level of abstraction while model transformation relates the different formalisms. Furthermore, we develop an integrative approach for the interactions between models of different perspectives through dynamic update of model output-to-parameter integration during concurrent simulations. Such an approach provides multiple levels of explanation for the same system, while offering, at the same time, an integrated view of the whole. The framework has successfully been applied to study part of the Nigerian healthcare system.
Techniques for nothingness: Debate over the comparability of hypnosis and Zen in early-twentieth-century Japan
Authors: Wu Yu-chuan
Published: December 2017

This paper explores a debate that took place in Japan in the early twentieth century over the comparability of hypnosis and Zen. The debate was among the first exchanges between psychology and Buddhism in Japan, and it cast doubt on previous assumptions that a clear boundary existed between the two fields. In the debate, we find that contemporaries readily incorporated ideas from psychology and Buddhism to reconstruct the experiences and concepts of hypnosis and Buddhist nothingness. The resulting new theories and techniques of nothingness were fruits of a fairly fluid boundary between the two fields. The debate, moreover, reveals that psychology tried to address the challenges and possibilities posed by religious introspective meditation and intuitive experiences in a positive way. In the end, however, psychology no longer regarded them as viable experimental or psychotherapeutic tools but merely as particular subjective experiences to be investigated and explained.
Structural Cities: Delimiting Retailing Center Boundaries and Their Hierarchical Characteristics in Urban China Based on GPS-Enabled Taxi Data
Authors: Nong Yun , Zhou Suhong , Liu Lin , Li Qiuping , Peng Yinong , Hao Xinhua
Published: December 2017

Previous behavioral studies on urban structure have been limited by the scale, accuracy, or promptness in obtaining statistical data used for delimiting retail center boundaries and hierarchical analysis. Using a large amount of GPS-enabled taxi data from Guangzhou, China, this research attempts to delimit the boundaries of retailing centers and explore their hierarchical characteristics. The identified retailing centers are verified with economic census data, and the retailing hierarchical structure is identified through assessing trip summation, travel distance, and travel time. Among these indicators, trip summation reveals hierarchical characteristics best. The urban retailing hierarchical structure also reveals the centrality of urban Guangzhou.
Effects of Motivational Interviewing Training in Career Counseling: A Pilot Study
Authors: Rochat Shékina
Published: December 2017

Motivational interviewing (MI) is receiving increasing attention in the field of career counseling. Using a quasi-experimental design, this pilot study examines the impact of MI training on career counselors’ behaviors and clients’ talk within audio-recorded interviews. Eight school-based career counselors participated in the study. They audio-recorded their interviews with 30 students prior to MI training and with 32 students after it. Counselors’ behaviors and students’ talk were coded using the Motivational Interviewing Skills Code 2.1. The results demonstrate mixed outcomes in terms of career counselors’ MI proficiency after the training. Career counselors’ proficiency improved in some of the indicators (percentages of MI-consistent behaviors and reflections-to-questions ratio) and worsened in others (percentages of complex reflections [% REC] and open questions). Reaching proficiency in the % REC influenced students’ change talk, but reaching proficiency in the % MICO did not. Implications for MI training and research in career counseling are discussed.
Dielectric and kinetic comparison of APO-BMI grades
Authors: Daily Connor , Torres Sabrina MW , Robison Thomas W , Bowler Nicola
Published: December 2017

Low-density, high-strength, and high-temperature foams are recently finding new structural applications in the aerospace sector. In many instances, these foams are comprised of a thermosetting polymer resin incorporating dispersed microballoons, of a variety of materials, to achieve low mass density and other behaviors. Bismaleimide (BMI) is a thermosetting resin that is being used in these applications, in a variety of formulations. In this study, BMI is combined with Apocure-601 (APO). While a purified grade of the APO-BMI resin is achievable, an unpurified, production-ready grade is regularly utilized. To understand the performance and aging mechanisms of the two grades, and differences between them, they have been characterized by broadband dielectric spectroscopy over frequency range of 10−1 Hz to 106 Hz and temperature range of −140°C to approximately 300°C. Additionally, the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) coupled with an evolved gas characterization technique (mass spectrometry) has been applied. Results show that impurities in the production grade APO-BMI lead to significant differences in the dielectric alpha-relaxation, in comparison to those measured on the purified APO-BMI resin. Additionally, kinetic models based on TGA results were developed to describe the thermo-oxidative degradation of the two materials. Using these models, life predictions based on both isothermal and cyclic exposure to temperatures up to 300°C and durations up to 25 h have shown significantly more higher mass loss for production grade material compared to the purified APO-BMI. Additional use of this model for specific conditions may provide beneficial information to the aerospace industry.
Fuzzy set based multi-objective optimization for eight-rod mechanism via sensitivity analysis
Authors: Pan Yongjun , Zhang Chao , Yin Banghui , Wang Baohua
Published: December 2017

The wheel loader multi-rod mechanism working device, which can be considered as a rigid multibody system, is a crucial component for shoveling and loading material. The six-rod and eight-rod mechanisms are two popular working devices used in construction, mining and agriculture. However, the design of the eight-rod mechanism device has not received much more attention due to its emerging applications. In this paper, a fuzzy set based multi-objective optimization procedure for an eight-rod mechanism device is presented by taking advantage of design sensitivities. The sensitivity analysis is carried out to extract the several most relevant design variables so as to simplify the optimization problem. Furthermore, the fuzzy set theory is introduced to express each objective in terms of membership function, thus different objectives can be measured in the same dimension. As a result, the multi-objective optimization problem is converted into a single objective through the combined membership function. Finally, an eight-rod mechanism working device of a wheel loader is analyzed and optimized by using the proposed method. The results show that the optimal eight-rod mechanism can provide a better kinematic performance.
Appraising the cohesion of palaeoenvironmental reconstructions in north-west Spain since the mid-Holocene from a high temporal resolution multi-proxy peat record
Authors: Stefanini Bettina S , Oksanen Pirita O , Corcoran John P , Mitchell Fraser JG
Published: December 2017

Investigation of abrupt palaeohydrological regime change remains challenging due to site-specific noise ratios and the limitations of dating control and spatial resolution of multi-proxy records. Some of these issues are addressed through a well dated and highly resolved record from an ombrotrophic peatland in Galicia, north-west Spain. The site is in an ideal location to record marine influences and test models of past palaeoclimatic boundaries and ocean-atmosphere linkages through multi-proxy records of macrofossils, microfossils, charcoal, peat humification and loss-on-ignition data. In conjunction with many regional proxy records of terrestrial and marine origin, the data suggest spatial coherence between 5300 and ca. 3300 cal. BP and continue to link to marine responses afterwards. After ca. 2000 cal. BP, episodes of spatially consistent palaeohydrological change persist but become more short-lived, local and sporadic in north-west Iberia. These indicate an increase in the complexity of drivers of palaeoenvironmental change in recent millennia. Fire history inferred from microscopic charcoal and apparent upland erosion indicated by the loss-on-ignition profile relate to anthropogenic pressure and appear to be linked to local deforestation phases in the Xistral uplands.
Factor Structure and Further Validation of the 20-Item Short Form of the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire
Authors: Fergus Thomas A. , Latendresse Shawn J. , Wu Kevin D.
Published: December 2017

A 44-item version of the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire (OBQ-44) put forward by the Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group remains the most widely used version of the OBQ, despite research casting doubt on its factorial validity and the existence of a short form (i.e., OBQ-20). In a large sample of undergraduate students ( n = 1,210), a bifactor model of the OBQ-20, consisting of a general factor and four specific factors (threat, responsibility, importance/control of thoughts, perfectionism/certainty), was supported as the best-fitting model. None of the examined OBQ-44 models provided adequate fit. The bifactor model of the OBQ-20 was retained in two independent samples ( n = 1,342 community adults, n = 319 undergraduate students). The incremental validity of the specific factors of the OBQ-20 beyond the general factor was evidenced across multiple criterion indices, including obsessive–compulsive symptom measures and reactions to a thought-induction task. Results further support use of the OBQ-20.
Using the Internet to Recruit Respondents for Offline Interviews in Criminological Studies
Authors: Gundur R.V.
Published: December 2017

Current and ex-gang members are hard-to-reach populations for research purposes. To date, researchers have resorted to embedding themselves long-term or recruiting individuals of interest within a target community. Typically, such studies provide a great deal of empirical depth but not necessarily empirical breadth given their lack of comparative analysis and generalizability. Moreover, they often rely on snowballing or chain referral methods that depend on the networks of the recruited seeds. This article explores the use of the Internet to recruit such individuals for face-to-face interviews. This strategy has been employed in settings outside criminology to good effect. This article shows that the online recruitment of current and ex-gang members not only reduces the time necessary to develop contacts but also allows researchers to triangulate data by encountering a diverse array of respondents.
Doing stigma: Online commenting around weight-related news media
Authors: Brooker Phillip , Barnett Julie , Vines John , Lawson Shaun , Feltwell Tom , Long Kiel
Published: December 2017

Weight stigma results from the mediatisation of ‘obesity’: conceptually, a medicalised problem resulting from personal bodily irresponsibility. We undertake a frame analysis of 1452 comments on a thematically related online news article published via The Guardian, about the status of ‘obesity’ as a disability in European Union (EU) employment law. We identify three themes: (1) weight as a lifestyle choice or disability, (2) weight as an irresponsible choice and (3) weight as a simple or complex issue. We contend that the design of the commenting platform prevents counter-narratives from challenging the dominant (‘obesity’) framing for three reasons: (1) content is driven by comments appearing earlier in the corpus, (2) the commenting system primarily supports argument between polarised rhetorical positions and (3) the platform design discourages users from developing alternative terminologies for producing counter-narratives. In this way, we explore how weight stigma is propagated through online media, and how users’ comments intersect with the affordances of the platform itself.
The use of biodiversity offsets in mining and energy development
Authors: Grinlinton David
Published: December 2017

This article first reviews the nature of biodiversity offsets and their use in selected jurisdictions, including the UK, US, Canada and Australia. The unique approach to biodiversity offsets in New Zealand under the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA) is then examined in detail, including judicial consideration and analysis of the concept in several recent decisions. The RMA is the primary legislation governing the protection of the environment and the use of land, air and water resources in New Zealand, guided by the principle of 'sustainable management'. The Crown Minerals Act 1991 (CMA) governs the allocation of mining rights and access to minerals over private and Crown land. Opportunities for offsets through the mineral permitting and resource consenting regime is discussed, and mining and energy development case studies are used to illustrate the use of biodiversity offsets in practice. The article also examines the value of national policy guidance in the design of biodiversity offsets, the use of conservation covenants to ensure durability of offset arrangements, and the idea of 'conservation banking' to facilitate and encourage industry 'buy-in'. Conclusions and recommendations are made, which hopefully may inform and advance the debate on the use of biodiversity offsets in other jurisdictions.
Vitamin B12sources and microbial interaction
Authors: Watanabe Fumio , Bito Tomohiro
Published: December 2017

Vitamin B12is synthesized only by certain bacteria and archaeon, but not by plants. The synthesized vitamin B12is transferred and accumulates in animal tissues, which can occur in certain plant and mushroom species through microbial interaction. In particular, the meat and milk of herbivorous ruminant animals (e.g. cattle and sheep) are good sources of vitamin B12for humans. Ruminants acquire vitamin B12, which is considered an essential nutrient, through a symbiotic relationship with the bacteria present in their stomachs. In aquatic environments, most phytoplankton acquire vitamin B12through a symbiotic relationship with bacteria, and they become food for larval fish and bivalves. Edible plants and mushrooms rarely contain a considerable amount of vitamin B12, mainly due to concomitant bacteria in soil and/or their aerial surfaces. Thus, humans acquire vitamin B12formed by microbial interaction via mainly ruminants and fish (or shellfish) as food sources. In this review, up-to-date information on vitamin B12sources and bioavailability are also discussed.

Impact statement

To prevent vitamin B12(B12) deﬁciency in high-risk populations such as vegetarians and elderly subjects, it is necessary to identify foods that contain high levels of B12. B12is synthesized by only certain bacteria and archaeon, but not by plants or animals. The synthesized B12is transferred and accumulated in animal tissues, even in certain plant tissues via microbial interaction. Meats and milks of herbivorous ruminant animals are good sources of B12for humans. Ruminants acquire the essential B12through a symbiotic relationship with bacteria inside the body. Thus, we also depend on B12-producing bacteria located in ruminant stomachs. While edible plants and mushrooms rarely contain a considerable amount of B12, mainly due to concomitant bacteria in soil and/or their aerial surfaces. In this mini-review, we described up-to-date information on B12sources and bioavailability with reference to the interaction of microbes as B12-producers.
Reconsidering the Composer-Educator in Postwar America
Authors: Mukherjee Anoosua
Published: December 2017

By the middle of the twentieth century, American universities had evolved into powerful institutions with aggressive cultural agendas. Renewed interest in the arts provided a platform for composers employed by these universities to grow into powerful civic leaders. This article investigates the contributions of four modernist composers—Walter Piston, Roger Sessions, William Schuman, and David Diamond,—who held academic and administrative posts at Harvard University, Princeton University, the University of California at Berkeley, and the Juilliard School of Music. During this period, these four composers used their academic positions to shape American classical music culture—not through their compositions—but by overhauling music departments, authoring textbooks, and extending the reach of universities and conservatories far beyond the campus walls. This project relies on primary and secondary sources, weaving together academic records, administrative reports, and composer correspondence into a narrative of educational reform, cultural patronage, and even urban renewal. This article endeavors to widen the historiographic focus on postwar composers like the Four to reconsider their relevance as music educators, cultural authorities, and practitioners of modernism outside of the concert hall.
Reversed positionality, reversed reality? The multimodal Environmental Justice frame in mainstream and alternative media
Authors: Moernaut Renée , Mast Jelle , Pepermans Yves
Published: December 2017

Environmental injustice, the unequal distribution of benefits and burdens, is key to understanding climate change. Yet, mainstream media are criticized for only reproducing anthropocentrism when discussing the concern, while this ideology causes socio-environmental problems. Current research is preoccupied with the verbal mode, while visual and verbal modes always work in tandem. This prevents a full understanding of the problems. Also, most studies overlook the alternative media, which may counterbalance the dominant perspective. We have therefore carried out a multimodal framing analysis of a corpus of mainstream and alternative articles published in Belgium. The identified subframes, ‘Unequal Vulnerability’ and ‘Unequal Attribution’, show a remarkable reversal of roles and responsibilities. Yet, the counter-hegemonic subframe is still struggling to find a salient multimodal language to depict complex views. Further development is necessary. We hope that this study incites other research on multimodal framing in general and environmental justice in particular.
The liver and Chilaiditi’s syndrome: Significance of hepatic surface grooves
Authors: Cawich Shamir O , Spence Richard , Mohammed Fawwaz , Gardner Michael T , Sinanan Alex , Naraynsingh Vijay
Published: December 2017

Chilaiditi’s syndrome describes a symptomatic patient with radiographic findings of interposed colon between the diaphragm and right lobe of liver. It may mimic a pneumoperitoneum on plain radiographs. We present a case in which Chilaiditis’ syndrome was entertained, delaying a decision for laparotomy. This case reinforces the diagnostic difficulty associated with Chilaiditi’s syndrome, and it increases awareness of an uncommon variation in the liver surface anatomy.
The Cheng Ho (Zheng He) Cultural Museum in Malacca (Melaka)
Authors: Lim Tai Wei
Published: December 2017

The Zheng He Museum is an important depository of material artefacts related to Zheng He’s seven voyages through the maritime world. This writing intends to highlight three contemporary narratives related to his legacies: (1) the idea of Zheng He as a symbol of the ‘art of collaboration’; (2) the narrative that associates Zheng He with peaceful tributary relations; and (3) the concept of Malacca as an emporium of trade that prospered under official trade and diplomatic exchanges with Ming dynasty China. All three narratives highlight the idea of the Maritime Silk Road as a metaphor for exchanges, trade, politics, culture and the ‘Asian’ way of mediating differences between nations. The narratives conform to the idea of the Silk Road Ethos by exceptionalizing intercultural respect and non-hegemonic Pan-Asianism. Arising from these narratives and related to the material artefacts presented in the Malacca Zheng He Museum, the important legacies of Zheng He’s maritime voyages related to contemporary concerns in East Asia are in the realm of conflict resolution, capacity-building and free trade, although, for objectivity, this writing will also selectively discuss contested elements and alternative interpretations of the symbolism of Zheng He’s voyages.