bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Optimal Multiple Object Tracking Based on Global Cameras for a Decentralized Autonomous Transport System
Authors: Zhang Xu , Scholz Michael , Paryanto  , Franke Jörg
Published: June 2016

In order to adapt to the mass customization, a new concept of material flow systems that can handle product varieties is needed. Firstly, this paper analyzes the current problems and future requirements of the structure of a new production system. Then, in response to current limitations, the corresponding concept of a decentralized transport system for low payloads with high flexibility is introduced. For this purpose, automated guided vehicles (AGVs) as an effective means of transport are used. The key issues of the autonomous transport system are then researched, and an improvement of the multiple object tracking algorithm is proposed. We demonstrate the performance of our proposed system with a designed workspace. Based on the demonstration and experiment, results show that the proposed concept and the tracking algorithm are appropriate and robust to be implemented in real-time applications.
Simplified Path Programming for Industrial Robots on the Basis of Path Point Projection by a Laser Source
Authors: Müller Rainer , Vette Matthias , Mailahn Ortwin
Published: June 2016

This paper describes the concept and implementation of a hybrid programming method for robots, which absolves working people from the specific expertise that is required for the conventional programming of robots. The method is based on a provided path point, which is presented by laser projection. The projected path points are detected and approached by the robot. By linking the path points and entering the path and transfer parameters on a tablet computer the path is programmed in a simple and easy understandable way. Afterwards the path can be executed and the produced robot program can get exported. In this way, not only the circle of people who can program a robot will be extended, but also the safety of the people improves because nobody has to stay in the immediate vicinity of the robot, while programming it.
Towards a Domain Specific Language for Sensor-Based Actions
Authors: Spangenberg Michael , Henrich Dominik
Published: June 2016

Actual robot systems are typically used within an industrial environment, where they perform tasks in the areas of manufacturing, assembly, or inspection. Many of these tasks require the definition and execution of sensor-based motions. Such motions are typically defined using a subsymbolic representation like manipulation primitive nets [1] or iTaSC [2]. These representations are only suitable for experts in the domain of robotics because they require the definition of low-level parameters like setpoints, control strategies, or task frames. Since the application domains of robot systems shall be extended to SMEs or private households, existing representations lack in an intuitive interface for users without expert knowledge in the area of robotics. In this work, we describe an intuitive interface for the definition of sensor-based actions. Our approach is based on manipulation primitive nets and consists of a transformation between the subsymbolic manipulation primitive nets and a symbolic user interface, described by a domain specific language.
Combining Planning and Simulation to Create Human Robot Cooperative Processes with Industrial Service Robots
Authors: Heinze Frank , Klöckner Maike , Wantia Nils , Rossmann Jürgen , Kuhlenkötter Bernd , Deuse Jochen
Published: June 2016

The integration of lightweight robots and service robots into industrial work places forms the new area of industrial service robots characterized by the transformation of manual processes to human robot interactive processes. Still, it is highly difficult to decide which manual processes are qualified for automation or collaboration. Consequently, only few collaborative processes can be found in industry. The objective of the project MANUSERV is to support decisions towards this transfer by developing a tool that supports users to identify practical technical solutions. The tool is a combination of a planning system and a simulation system. The aim of the planning system is to select technically feasible solutions and generate task sequences that solve the problem. The simulation system verifies the proposed solution and evaluates it technically, economically, and ergonomically. Manufacturers of service robots can provide their service robot specifications to be included into the system selection process.
Huge Aneurysm of the Proper Hepatic Artery
Authors: Attaoui Mohamed Amine , Bayar Rached , Mzoughi Zeineb , Omrani Sahir , Gharbi Lassaad , Khalfallah Mohamed Taher
Published: June 2016

Hepatic artery aneurysms are rarely diagnosed. It is mainly because of non specific symptoms. They are generally an incidental findings during imaging studies. They are usually detected in the sixth decade, predominantly in men. We report herein a case of an 80 year-old man with a huge hepatic artery aneurysm revealed by abdominal pain and chronic anemia. It was treated by embolisation. Hepatic artery aneurysms are second among visceral aneurysms. They may cause abdominal pain, jaundice and hemorrhagic events.
Aberrant DKK3 expression in the oral leukoplakia and oral submucous fibrosis: a comparative immunohistochemical study
Authors: Al-dhohorah T. , Mashrah M. , Yao Z. , Huang J.
Published: June 2016

We aimed to assess and compare the expression of Dickkopf homolog 3 (DKK3), a possible tumor suppressor gene (TSG), in oral leukoplakia (OLK) and oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) using immunohistochemistry. Seventy-five cases of normal oral mucosa (NOM), OLK, OSF, and squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) were studied. DKK3 was expressed in all cases of NOM, OLK and OSCC. There was steady increases in the percentage of the positive cells progressing toward OSCC. The expression was localized in the cytoplasm and cell membrane of cell affected by OLK with mild dysplasia and OLK with severe dysplasia. No significant association was observed between DKK3 expression and dysplastic status of OLK. Loss of DKK3 expression was observed in 15 of 30 cases in the OSF group, which was significantly associated with histological grade of OSF (P<0.0001). The percentage of positive cells gradually declined with the increasing severity of epithelial atrophy. A significant difference (P<0.01) was observed when comparing DKK3 expression among different groups of OLK and OSF cases. DKK3 may have diverse expressions in oral premalignant lesions. Loss of DKK3 expression in dysplastic/advanced stage of OSF may imply a high risk of progression to oral cancer.
Management of syncope: from evidence to clinical practice
Authors: Attardo Tiziana M. , Ambrosino Immacolata , Magnani Elena , Artom Nathan , Battino Nicola , Cervo Deasy , Chiuch Massimiliano , Frualdo Mariella , Gino Miriam , Pasin Federico , Zaninetti Carlo
Published: June 2016

Syncope is defined as a transient loss of consciousness (T-LOC) due to temporary global cerebral hypoperfusion. It is characterized by rapid onset, short duration, loss of postural tone possibly causing patient fall, and spontaneous full recovery. Syncope has a high prevalence and incidence within the general population with a relevant impact on both quality of life and health care costs. The diagnosis of syncope is often inaccurate and subject to delay, and management is greatly variable. The main objective of this monograph is to discuss a methodological diagnostic approach to signs and symptoms suggestive of syncope, aiming for a management optimization. The present work is based on a systematic review of recent international guidelines.
A review of hypoglycaemia in a South African family practice setting
Authors: Pillay Devan K. , Ross Andrew J. , Campbell Laura
Published: June 2016

Background: The prevalence and incidence of diabetes in South Africa are high and are expected to increase. Mortality and morbidity may be related to hypoglycaemia, and there is limited information on hypoglycaemia from private practice sites. The aim of this study was to assess patients’ education about, knowledge of and response to hypoglycaemia.Methods: The study site was a general practice, and participants were all patients with diabetes who presented to the practice over a 1-month period. Data were collected using a closedended questionnaire and analysed descriptively.Findings: Most respondents were South Africans of Indian origin and were diagnosed with diabetes at a relatively young age. Despite attending a private practice, most had low incomes and low schooling levels. Just under half reported having experienced hypoglycaemia, and there was a strong association between hypoglycaemia and insulin use. Many reported never having received any education around hypoglycaemia.Discussion: The study highlights the need for early screening for diabetes in this vulnerable population. Hypoglycaemic education should consider low schooling levels even in a private general practice, and further study is required on the quality and frequency of education provided in general practice.Keywords: diabetes; hypoglycemia, KwaZulu-Natal; hypoglycemic education
Preliminary thoughts on the relevance of the research field of cognition for Practical Theology
Authors: Kruger Ferdi P.
Published: June 2016

In this research from the vantage point of Practical Theology, the author focusses on the importance and the possible value of the concept of cognition for further research. The philosophical roots of the concepts of knowledge and understanding are highlighted in a qualitative manner by means of a short selection from the insights of philosophers from the era of the Greek Philosophy to the nineteenth century. The insights of Plato, Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas, Descartes and Kant are utilised. The purpose was to indicate the importance of the concepts of knowing and cognition from an early stage. Research from the field of cognitive science also received attention in this research. The purpose of this discussion is to indicate that cognition is not a mere intellectual activity. Cognition is important in the processes of perspective-making and moral choices. Cognitive distortions could possibly endanger people�s ability to have the right cognition about people, events and life itself. The concept of phronesis, as the concept that comes the nearest to the essence of cognition, is also investigated from the vantage point of Philippians 2:5 and Romans 12:3. Wisdom thinking is really important in research on the acts of people from a practical theological vantage point. Cognition must be regarded as people�s attempt to make sense out what they already know and also out of what they are observing. In the final part of the article, fields for possible further investigation are highlighted in order to make the statement that practical theologians can consider the fact to reclaim the field of investigation on cognition in further research. The importance of cognition for liturgy, homiletics, pastoral care and youth ministry is indicated.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This article is undertaken from a practical theological vantage point in order to highlight the importance of the concept of cognition for further research. In this article a discourse between Practical Theology, Philosophy and Cognitive Psychology is undertaken. Important aspects were indicated and also the importance of the concept of phronesis. The importance of understanding and insight were also indicated. The concept of phronesis was discussed from Philippians 2:5 and Romans 12:3. Finally, practical theological perspectives were offered in which the importance of cognition for the various fields in Practical Theology was indicated.Keywords: cognition; understanding; knowing
Patient satisfaction in Dental Healthcare Centers
Authors: Ali Dena A.
Published: June 2016

Objectives: This study aimed to (1) measure the degree of patient satisfaction among the clinical and nonclinical dental services offered at specialty dental centers and (2) investigate the factors associated with the degree of overall satisfaction. Materials and Methods: Four hundred and ninety-seven participants from five dental centers were recruited for this study. Each participant completed a self-administered questionnaire to measure patient satisfaction with clinical and nonclinical dental services. Analysis of variance, t-tests, a general linear model, and stepwise regression analysis was applied. Results: The respondents were generally satisfied, but internal differences were observed. The exhibited highest satisfaction with the dentists’ performance, followed by the dental assistants’ services, and the lowest satisfaction with the center's physical appearance and accessibility. Females, participants with less than a bachelor's degree, and younger individuals were more satisfied with the clinical and nonclinical dental services. The stepwise regression analysis revealed that the coefficient of determination (R2
) was 40.4%. The patient satisfaction with the performance of the dentists explained 42.6% of the overall satisfaction, whereas their satisfaction with the clinical setting explained 31.5% of the overall satisfaction. Conclusion: Additional improvements with regard to the accessibility and physical appearance of the dental centers are needed. In addition, interventions regarding accessibility, particularly when booking an appointment, are required.
Effects of staining and bleaching on a nanohybrid composite with or without surface sealant
Authors: Halacoglu Derya Merve , Yamanel Kıvanc , Basaran Saffet , Tuncer Duygu , Celik Cigdem
Published: June 2016

Objective: The effect of different staining solutions and a bleaching procedure on color stability and surface roughness of a nanohybrid resin composite were evaluated with or without liquid resin polishing (RP). Materials and Methods: Ninety-six disc-shaped resin composite specimens (A1 Shade, Z550 Filtek 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) were prepared and divided randomly into two groups (n = 48). Liquid RP (BisCover LV, Bisco Inc., Schaumburg, IL, USA) was applied in one group (RP) and not in the other (P). Specimen color and surface roughness were determined using a colorimeter and profilometer, respectively. After baseline measurements, each group was divided into four subgroups (n = 12) for immersion in a control (distilled water) or three different staining solutions (ice tea, red wine, and cola) for 1 week. Color and surface roughness were then reevaluated. After measurements, all specimens were bleached using a 35% hydrogen peroxide gel. The color and surface roughness of the specimens were reevaluated. Statistical Analysis: Data were subjected to an analysis of variance for repeated measurements among the groups (P < 0.05). Results: Staining and bleaching did not change the surface roughness of the RP and P groups (P > 0.05). Discoloration in the red wine group was higher than for the other staining solutions for the RP (P < 0.001) and P groups (P = 0.018). Conclusion: Application of liquid RP did not enhance the color stability and surface roughness of the composite resin restoration.
Assessment of post-contamination treatments affecting different bonding stages to dentin
Authors: Elkassas Dina , Arafa Abla
Published: June 2016

Objectives: To assess the effect of cleansing treatments following saliva and blood contamination at different bonding stages to dentin. Materials and Methods: Labial surfaces of 168 permanent maxillary central incisors were ground flat exposing superficial dentin. Specimens were divided into: uncontaminated control (A), contamination after etching (B), contamination after adhesive application (C), contamination after adhesive polymerization (D). Groups were further subdivided according to cleansing treatments into: rinsing (B1, C1, D1), re-etching (B2, D3), sodium hypochlorite application (B3), ethyl alcohol application (C2), acetone application (C3), rinsing and rebonding (D2), re-etching and rebonding (D4). Composite microcylinders were bonded to treated substrates and shear loaded micro-shear bond strength (μSBS) until failure and treated surfaces were examined with scanning electron microscope. Debonded surfaces were classified as adhesive, cohesive or mixed failure. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test. Results: The μSBS values were ranked as follow; Group B: A > B3 > B2 > B1 > B, Group C: A > C3 > C2 > C1 > C, Group D: A > D4 > D1 = D2 ≥ D3. Debonded surfaces showed adhesive failure in Group B while cohesive failure in Groups C and D. Conclusions: Cleansing treatments differ according to bonding step; re-etching then rebonding suggested if etched substrate or polymerized adhesive were contaminated while acetone application decontaminated affected unpolymerized adhesive.
Full-mouth rehabilitation of Class II deep-bite patient: A 5-year clinical report
Authors: Ergun Gulfem , Bozkaya Erdal
Published: June 2016

This case report demonstrates the full-mouth rehabilitation of a 45-year-old male patient with severe deep-bite by increasing vertical dimension. The technique of anterior maxillary osteotomy performed in the present situation has been found to be effective, requiring anterior and inferior repositioning of the anterior maxilla to provide an esthetic and functional implant supported fixed prosthesis. Four months after surgery, the fixation system was removed, and 6 dental implants were placed. The anterior and inferior movements of the segment allowed for natural tooth anatomy and size in the definitive implant supported partial fixed prosthesis. A satisfactory functional and esthetic result was obtained after 5 years of follow-up.
Effect of bracket base design on shear bond strength to feldspathic porcelain
Authors: Dalaie Kazem , Mirfasihi Armin , Eskandarion Solmaz , Kabiri Sattar
Published: June 2016

Objectives: This study sought to assess the effect of bracket base design on the shear bond strength (SBS) of the bracket to feldspathic porcelain. Materials and Methods: This in vitro, experimental study was conducted on 40 porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations and four different bracket base designs were bonded to these specimens. The porcelain surfaces were etched, silanized, and bonded to brackets. Specimens were thermocycler, incubated for 24 h and were subjected to SBS. Data were analyzed using Shapiro–Wilk test, Levene's test, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey's honest significant difference test. Adhesive remnant index was calculated and compared using Fisher's exact test. Results: One-way ANOVA showed that the SBS values were significantly different among the four groups (P < 0.001). Groups 1, 2, and 4 were not significantly different, but group 3 had significantly lower SBS (P < 0.001). Fractures mostly occurred at the porcelain-adhesive interface in Groups 1 and 2 while in Groups 3 and 4, bracket-adhesive and mixed failures were more common. Conclusion: The bracket base design significantly affects the SBS to feldspathic porcelain.
Role of enamel deminerlization and remineralization on microtensile bond strength of resin composite
Authors: Rizvi Abbas , Zafar Muhammad S. , Al-Wasifi Yasser , Fareed Wamiq , Khurshid Zohaib
Published: June 2016

Objective: This study is aimed to establish the microtensile bond strength of enamel following exposure to an aerated drink at various time intervals with/without application of remineralization agent. In addition, degree of remineralization and demineralization of tooth enamel has been assessed using polarized light microscopy. Materials and Methods: Seventy extracted human incisors split into two halves were immersed in aerated beverage (cola drink) for 5 min and stored in saliva until the time of microtensile bond testing. Prepared specimens were divided randomly into two study groups; remineralizing group (n = 70): specimens were treated for remineralization using casein phosphopeptides and amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) remineralization agent (Recaldent™; GC Europe) and control group (n = 70): no remineralization treatment; specimens were kept in artificial saliva. All specimens were tested for microtensile bond strength at regular intervals (1 h, 1 days, 2 days, 1 week, and 2 weeks) using a universal testing machine. The results statistically analyzed (P = 0.05) using two-way ANOVA test. Results: Results showed statistically significant increase in bond strength in CPP-ACP tested group (P < 0.05) at all-time intervals. The bond strength of remineralizing group samples at 2 days (~13.64 megapascals [MPa]) is comparable to that of control group after 1 week (~12.44 MPa). Conclusions: CPP-ACP treatment of teeth exposed to an aerated drink provided significant increase in bond strength at a shorter interval compared to teeth exposed to saliva alone.
Brownian bridges on random intervals
Authors: Bedini Matteo L , Buckdahn Rainer , Engelbert Hans-Jurgen
Published: June 2016

Задача явного описания потока рыночной информации, определяющей время банкротства компании (или государства), решается введением случайного процесса типа броуновского моста, который выходит из нуля в начальный момент времени и возвращается в нуль в момент дефолта. Данный процесс позволяет описать некоторые эмпирические закономерности поведения финансовых рынков. Когда он отдален от нуля, инвесторы в достаточной степени уверены, что дефолт тотчас же не произойдет. Если же указанный процесс подходит к нулю слишком близко, агенты рынка знают о возможности скорого дефолта. В этом смысле рассматриваемый
процесс дает некоторую информацию о дефолте до его наступления. Цель данной статьи, посвященной броуновским мостам на случайных интервалах, описать основные свойства таких мостов.
Об одном интегральном представлении броуновского функционала
Authors: Glonti Omar Aleksandrovich , Purtukhiya Omar Grishaevich
Published: June 2016

В данной работе предложен метод нахождения подынтегрального выражения в стохастическом интегральном представлении Кларка квадратично интегрируемого броуновского функционала $F$ с дифференцируемым в смысле Маллявэна условным математическим ожиданием $\mathbf{E} [F|\mathbf{I}^B_t]$, $t < T$, где $(\mathbf{I}^B_t)$ - натуральная броуновская фильтрация. Предложенный метод позволяет определить явный вид подынтегрального выражения в случае, когда у функционала $F$ нет производной Маллявэна. В качестве иллюстрации приводятся примеры.
Energy Consumption and the Size of the Informal Economy
Authors: Basbay Mustafa Metin , Elgin Ceyhun , Torul Orhan
Published: June 2016

In this paper, the authors empirically investigate the relationship between energy consumption and the size of the informal economy. Relying on panel data regression models, their results show that at the aggregate level, energy intensity is inversely related to the size of the informal sector, providing actual empirical evidence on the presence of high labor and low capital intensity in the informal economy. Furthermore, the authors also find some support towards the presence of non-linearity and asymmetry in this relationship.
Input–output structures of the Australian construction industry
Authors: Liu Chunlu , He Shimeng
Published: June 2016

The Australian construction industry continues to play an important role in the national economy. Analysis using input–output tables makes it possible to understand the role of the construction industry in Australia’s economy and its relationships to other major industries over years. This study applies several economic indicators to investigate the construction industry’s contributions to gross national product and gross national income, as well as its backward and forward linkage indicators, and its output and input multipliers. The paper also investigates the purchases of goods and services by the construction industry from other sectors and its sales to other industries over the analysis period. Findings from this research may help policymakers to better understand the economic linkages between the construction industry and other major industries, and the structural changes in its inputs and outputs in relation to these others.
Book Review - Cost Studies of Buildings
Authors: Gajendran Thayaparan
Published: June 2016

Cost Studies of BuildingsAshworth, A. and Perera, S. (2015). Cost Studies of Buildings. 6th Ed. London: Routledge. 570 pages.  ISBN 978-1-138-0735-1.
A versatile, refrigerant-free cryofocusing-thermodesorption unit for preconcentration of traces gases in air
Authors: Obersteiner F. , Bönisch H. , Keber T. , O'Doherty S. , Engel A.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. We present a compact and versatile cryofocusing thermodesorption unit, which we developed for quantitative analysis of halogenated trace gases in ambient air. Possible applications include aircraft-based in-situ measurements, in situ monitoring and laboratory operation for the preconcentration of analytes from flask samples. Analytes are trapped on adsorptive material cooled by a Stirling cooler to low temperatures (e.g. −80 °C) and desorbed subsequently by rapid heating of the adsorptive material (e.g. +200 °C). The setup neither involves exchange of adsorption tubes nor any further condensation or refocusation steps. No moving parts are used that would require vacuum insulation. This allows a simple and robust single stage design. Reliable operation is ensured by the Stirling cooler, which does not require refilling of a liquid refrigerant while allowing significantly lower adsorption temperatures compared to commonly used Peltier elements. We use gas chromatography mass spectrometry for separation and detection of the preconcentrated analytes after splitless injection. A substance boiling point range of approximately −80 °C to +150 °C and a substance mixing ratio range of less than 1 ppt (pmol mol−1) to more than 500 ppt in preconcentrated sample volumes of 0.1 to 10 L of ambient air is covered, depending on the application and its analytical demands. We present the instrumental design of the preconcentration unit and demonstrate capabilities and performance through the examination of injection quality, analyte breakthrough and analyte residues in blank tests. Application examples are given by the analysis of flask samples collected at Mace Head Atmospheric Research Station in Ireland using our laboratory GC TOFMS instrument and by data obtained during a research flight with our in-situ aircraft instrument GhOST MS.
Ecological controls on N2O emission in surface litter and near-surface soil of a managed grassland: modelling and measurements
Authors: Grant Robert F. , Neftel Albrecht , Calanca Pierluigi
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Large variability in N2O emissions from managed grasslands may occur because most emissions originate in surface litter or near-surface soil where variability in soil water content (θ) and temperature (Ts) is greatest. To determine whether temporal variability in θ and Ts of surface litter and near-surface soil could explain this in N2O emissions, a simulation experiment was conducted with ecosys, a comprehensive mathematical model of terrestrial ecosystems in which processes governing N2O emissions were represented at high temporal and spatial resolution. Model performance was verified by comparing N2O emissions, CO2 and energy exchange, and θ and Ts modelled by ecosys with those measured by automated chambers, eddy covariance (EC) and soil sensors on an hourly timescale during several emission events from 2004 to 2009 in an intensively managed pasture at Oensingen, Switzerland. Both modelled and measured events were induced by precipitation following harvesting and subsequent fertilizing or manuring. These events were brief (2–5 days) with maximum N2O effluxes that varied from  <  1 mgNm−2h−1 in early spring and autumn to  >  3 mgNm−2h−1 in summer. Only very small emissions were modelled or measured outside these events. In the model, emissions were generated almost entirely in surface litter or near-surface (0–2 cm) soil, at rates driven by N availability with fertilization vs. N uptake with grassland regrowth and by O2 supply controlled by litter and soil wetting relative to O2 demand from microbial respiration. In the model, NOx availability relative to O2 limitation governed both the reduction of more oxidized electron acceptors to N2O and the reduction of N2O to N2, so that the magnitude of N2O emissions was not simply related to surface and near-surface θ and Ts. Modelled N2O emissions were found to be sensitive to defoliation intensity and timing which controlled plant N uptake and soil θ and Ts prior to and during emission events. Reducing leaf area index (LAI) remaining after defoliation to half that under current practice and delaying harvesting by 5 days raised modelled N2O emissions by as much as 80 % during subsequent events and by an average of 43 % annually. Modelled N2O emissions were also found to be sensitive to surface soil properties. Increasing near-surface bulk density by 10 % raised N2O emissions by as much as 100 % during emission events and by an average of 23 % annually. Relatively small spatial variation in management practices and soil surface properties could therefore cause the large spatial variation in N2O emissions commonly found in field studies. The global warming potential from annual N2O emissions in this intensively managed grassland largely offset those from net C uptake in both modelled and field experiments. However, model results indicated that this offset could be adversely affected by suboptimal land management and soil properties.
Brewer spectrometer total ozone column measurements in Sodankylä
Authors: Karppinen Tomi , Lakkala Kaisa , Karhu Juha M. , Heikkinen Pauli , Kivi Rigel , Kyrö Esko
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Brewer total ozone column measurements started in Sodankylä in May 1988, 9 months after the signing of The Montreal Protocol. The Brewer instrument has been well maintained and frequently calibrated since then to produce a high-quality ozone time series now spanning more than 25 years. The data have now been uniformly reprocessed between 1988 and 2014. The quality of the data has been assured by automatic data rejection rules as well as by manual checking. Daily mean values calculated from the highest-quality direct sun measurements are available 77 % of time with up to 75 measurements per day on clear days. Zenith sky measurements fill another 14 % of the time series and winter months are sparsely covered by moon measurements. The time series provides information to survey the evolution of Arctic ozone layer and can be used as a reference point for assessing other total ozone column measurement practices.
An integrated multi-fingerprint sensitivity-nested approach for regional model parameter estimation and catchment similarity assessment
Authors: Höllering Simon , Ihringer Jürgen , Samaniego Luis , Zehe Erwin
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The present study provides a novel approach to the challenge of identifying behavioural parameters in the context of parameter sensitivity and related hydrologic similarity classification. A methodical framework is presented wherein global sensitivity analysis of a spatially distributed conceptual hydrologic model within 14 different mesoscale headwater catchments is combined with a parameter estimation scheme based upon both classification by (1) physiographic and climate and (2) related dynamic response characteristics represented by hydrologic signatures (fingerprints) creating an interface between hydrologic variables of observed and simulated origin. Changing ranks in (3) partial parameter sensitivities within the catchments indicate that hydrologic dynamics might be governed by different hydrologic processes. Model simulated and the respective observed response fingerprints are found to cluster within typical sample regions. These findings show a general model adequacy to represent mesoscale streamflow response processes that relate temporally dominant parameters and allow a reasonable constraint on the parameter space. The senstivity-nested approach may be useful to calibrate hydrologic models sequentially on streamflow sections as well as on constraining (observable) single or combined hydrologic fingerprints and also to transfer results to similar sites, ungauged or anthropogenically altered.
Picturing and modelling catchments by representative hillslopes
Authors: Loritz Ralf , Hassler Sibylle  K. , Jackisch Conrad , Allroggen Niklas , van Schaik Loes , Wienhöfer Jan , Zehe Erwin
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Despite the numerous hydrological models existing in hydrology we are limited to a few forms of conceptualization when abstracting hydrological systems into different model frameworks. Speaking in black and white terms, in most cases hydrological systems are either represented spatially lumped with conceptual models or spatially explicit with physically-based models. Physically-based models are often parameter-rich, making the parametrization challenging, while conceptual models are parsimonious, with only a few parameters needing to be identified. But this simplistic mathematical expression is often also their drawback since their model states and parameters are difficult to translate to the physical properties of a catchment. It is interesting to note that both hydrological modeling approaches often start with the drawing of a perceptual model. This follows the hydrologist’s philosophy to separate dominant patterns and processes from idiosyncratic system details. Due to the importance of hillslopes as key landscape elements perceptual models are often displayed as 2D cross-sections. In this study we examine whether we can step beyond the qualitative character of perceptual models by using them as blueprint for setting up representative hillslope models. Thereby we test the hypothesis if a single hillslope can represent the functioning of an entire lower mesoscale catchment in a spatially aggregated way. We do this by setting up and testing two hillslope models in catchments located in two different geological settings, Schist and Marl, using a two-dimensional physically-based model. Both models are parametrized based on intensive field data and literature values without automatic calibration. Remarkably we are able to not only match the water balance of both catchments but further have some success in simulating runoff generation as well as soil moisture and sap flow dynamics. Particularly, our findings demonstrate that both models performed well during the winter season and clearly worse during the summer period. Virtual experiments revealed that this was most likely either due to a poor representation of the onset of vegetation in the Schist catchment or due to emergence of soil cracks in the Marl area. Both findings underpin that a static parameterization of hydrological models might be problematical in case of emergent behavior. Additional virtual experiments indicate that the storage of water in the bedrock and not so much the topographic gradient is a first order control on the hydrological functioning of the Schist catchment. We conclude that the representative hillslope concept is a feasible approach in data rich regions and that this form of abstraction provides an added value to the established conceptualization frameworks in hydrology.
CONTEST OF WEB-BASED GEOSPATIAL APPLICATIONS FOR STUDENTS AND YOUNG SCIENTISTS
Authors: Tsai F. , Cho K.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The Asian Association on Remote Sensing (AARS) organizes a web contest (WEBCON) of photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences in the annual meeting of Asian Conference on Remote Sensing (ACRS) every year. The purpose of WEBCON is to promote the development of web and other forms of internet services of the internet related to geo-information sciences and to attract more students and young scientists participating in the related fields of study and applications. Since 2011, WEBCON has become one of the major events in ACRS and successfully increased the interest in the research, development and applications of photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences among students and young scientist. The success of WEBCON is an excellent example of promoting the profession of spatial information to young people.
Geo-Informatics in India: Major Milestones and Present Scenario
Authors: Gupta S. , Karnatak H. , Raju P. L. N.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Geo-informatics has emerged globally as a useful tool to address spatial problems with significant societal implications that require integrative and innovative approaches for analysis, modelling, managing, and archiving of extensive and diverse data sets. Breakneck technological development and availability of satellite based data and information services in public domain along with real time geo-data n through participatory approaches, in the two last decades have led to a sea-change in our know-how of our natural resources and their effective management at various levels. It has led to a realization that every phenomena and requirement in our day to day life has some spatial, or geographic component that can be predicted and governed more effectively through geoinformatics tool. India also has come a long way in effective utilization of geoinformatics for various applications. This quantum leap owes its foundation in a humble beginning about half century back and almost parallel developments in the country’s space programme to a current level where it touches almost all areas of life and living. Though geoinformatics technology (GIT) is believed to reach satisfactory level in the country, Indian geospatial community faces critical challenges with respect to research, education and training along with enhanced the access to the stakeholders and mobilization of the workforce, that are crucial in further penetration of this technology in context to India’s development. In this paper we have critically reviewed milestones of GI development and its current utilization status in Indian context.
FRAMEWORK SEE-THINK-DO AS A TOOL FOR CROWDSOURCING SUPPORT – CASE STUDY ON CRISIS MANAGEMENT
Authors: Netek R. , Panek J.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. See-Think-Do is a framework originally used as an approach focused on a service and product marketing on the Internet. Customers can be classified into three groups according to their involvement from potential users to real customers. The article presents an idea of public involvement in community mapping in three levels: “See”—almost any user; “Think”—potential contributors; and “Do”—interested users. The case study implements the See-Think-Do framework as an awareness-based approach used for The Crisis Map of the Czech Republic. It is an Ushahidi-based crowdsourcing platform for sharing spatial and multimedia information during crisis situations, e.g. disaster floods in 2013. While the current crisis projects use public mapping just at the onset of the disaster, according to See-Think-Do any user can be considered as a potential contributor even during the dormant period. The focus is put on the "See" and "Think" groups of contributors, which are currently ignored. The objective of this paper is to summarize approaches (social networks, mass-media, emailing, gamification, …) and tools (GIT/GIS, ICT, multimedia) for increasing the awareness about the project within the resting phase. That recruits a higher number of both active and passive users during the disaster. It allows the training in ICT, cartographical, spatial and GIS skills in a non-stressful way and the targeting on specific operators. Volunteers from the "Think" group may be used for data processing or rectification, GIS professionals from the "Do" group for data verification. The results refer that contributors with already established skills and required literacy (interface, data uploading) provide data faster and more accurate, the usability of the project increases based on users' comments.
RS-BASED WATER RESOURCES INVENTORY OF THE PHILIPPINES: CAPACITY BUILDING EFFORTS FOR NATIONWIDE IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Perez A. M. C. , De La Cruz R. M. , Olfindo N. T. , Borlongan N. J. B. , Felicen M. M. , Blanco A. C.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Considering that the Philippines is archipelagic in nature and is exposed to disasters accentuated by climate change, water resource monitoring and management has been an important concern in the country. The design and implementation of an effective management scheme relies heavily on accurate, complete, and updated water resource inventories, usually in the form of maps and geodatabases. With the aim of developing a detailed and comprehensive database of all water resources in the Philippines, a 3-year project entitled “Development of the Philippine Hydrologic Dataset (PHD) for Watersheds from LiDAR Surveys”, has been initiated by the University of the Philippines Diliman (UPD) and the Department of Science and Technology (DOST). Various workflows has been developed to extract inland hydrologic features in the Philippines using accurate Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) and LiDAR point cloud data obtained through other government-funded programs, supplemented with other remotely-sensed imageries and ancillary information. Since the project covers national-scale mapping and inventory, the implementation was structured to be a collaborative effort between fifteen (15) State Universities/Colleges (SUCs) and Higher Education Institutes (HEIs), along with multiple National Government Agencies (NGAs) and Local Government Units (LGUs). This paper presents the project’s general structure, focusing mainly on its attempts and accomplishments in strengthening individual capacities of all involved SUCs, HEIs, and stakeholders utilizing hydrologic data for different applications.
BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN NASA EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND DECISION MAKERS THROUGH THE NASA DEVELOP NATIONAL PROGRAM
Authors: Remillard C. M. , Madden M. , Favors J. , Childs-Gleason L. , Ross K. W. , Rogers L. , Ruiz M. L.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The NASA DEVELOP National Program bridges the gap between NASA Earth Science and society by building capacity in both participants and partner organizations that collaborate to conduct projects. These rapid feasibility projects highlight the capabilities of satellite and aerial Earth observations. Immersion of decision and policy makers in these feasibility projects increases awareness of the capabilities of Earth observations and contributes to the tools and resources available to support enhanced decision making. This paper will present the DEVELOP model, best practices, and two case studies, the Colombia Ecological Forecasting project and the Miami-Dade County Ecological Forecasting project, that showcase the successful adoption of tools and methods for decision making. Through over 90 projects each year, DEVELOP is always striving for the innovative, practical, and beneficial use of NASA Earth science data.
PRELAUNCH PHOTOGRAMMETRIC CALIBRATION OF RUSSIAN SATELLITE ELEKTRO-L IMAGERY INSTRUMENTS
Authors: Gektin U. M. , Egoshkin N. A. , Eremeev V. V. , Kuznetcov A. E. , Kochergin A. M.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Technology of prelaunch geometric calibration of multispectral imagery instruments of Russian geostationary satellites “Elektro-L” No.1 and No.2 is considered. Circular control points are used as a test field. Its geometrical model is developed to take distortions in the collimator optical system into account. Multiple observations of a test field at different angles is used to cover the full visual field of a geostationary sensor. New algorithm of circular control point detection is developed and adapted to complex geometry of geostationary imagery. It is capable of processing images formed as a set of separate scans. Under calibration, sensor design parameters and also the law of scanning mirror motion are specified. The paper contains results of the technology approval under prelaunch calibration of MSU-GS sensors for geostationary operational meteorological satellites (GOMS) “Elektro-L” No.1 and No.2.
DEVELOPMENT OF MAPPING APPLICATIONS FOR MOBILE DEVICES
Authors: Kolesnikov A. A. , Kikin P. M.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Development of mobile applications is a very popular trend of today’s informational technologies. Moreover, mapping applications are one of the most popular among all. However, development of mobile applications has some issues while implementing application for multiple mobile platforms and while making it work offline. According to our development experience, it was decided to show main methods of mobile application development, describe advantages and disadvantages of each with respect to mapping functions and application complexity. Special attention was paid to hybrid mobile development technology in order to check out the widespread information about it’s high development speed in compare to “native” and to make sure that it allows to realize easy transferring of existing web application to mobile platform.
MODELS FOR PHOTOGRAMMETRIC PROCESSING OF INFORMATION FROM “RESOURCE-P” SATELLITES
Authors: Poshekhonov V. , Eremeev V. , Kuznetcov А. , Kochergin A.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The present paper provides information about imagery and navigation systems of the Russian high resolution satellites "Resource- P". Models of image geolocation used for photogrammetric processing of information from all types of imagery systems are designed. Design of these models is based on two task solutions: correct processing of the measurement information and geometric calibration of the imagery systems. It is shown that for high-precision interior orientation parameters adjustment of the high-resolution "Geoton" instrument the method of self-calibration should be used. The technology of calibration activities is considered. Distinctive features of calibration of the hyperspectral and wide-swath imagery systems are noted. It is represented in the paper that after calibration the root mean square error (RMSE) of measured geodetic coordinates of objects on images do not exceed 10 m. Examples of the obtained models practical application for photogrammetric processing of images from “Resource-P” satellites are shown.
MESOSCALE DIFFRACTIVE PHOTONICS IN GEOSCIENCES
Authors: Minin I. V. , Minin O. V.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The scattered light by various dielectric particles in atmosphere give information about the type of molecules and particles and their location, which are important to definition of propagation limitations through atmospheric and space weather variations, crisis communications, etc. Although these investigations explain far field properties of disturbed radiations, the solution of the physical problem requires simulations of the interactions in near-field. It has been shown that strongly localized EM field near the surface of single dielectric particle may be form by non-spherical and non-symmetrical mesoscale particles both as in transmitting as in reflection mode. It was also shown that the main lobe is narrower in case of 3 cube chain than single cube in far field, but there are many side-scattering lobes. It was mentioned that unique advantages provided by mesoscale dielectric photonic crystal based particles with three spatial dimensions of arbitrary shape allow developing a new types of micro/nano-probes with subwavelength resolution for ultra compact spectrometer-free sensor for on board a spacecraft or a plane.
POSE ESTIMATION OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES BASED ON A VISION-AIDED MULTI-SENSOR FUSION
Authors: Abdi G. , Samadzadegan F. , Kurz F.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. GNSS/IMU navigation systems offer low-cost and robust solution to navigate UAVs. Since redundant measurements greatly improve the reliability of navigation systems, extensive researches have been made to enhance the efficiency and robustness of GNSS/IMU by additional sensors. This paper presents a method for integrating reference data, images taken from UAVs, barometric height data and GNSS/IMU data to estimate accurate and reliable pose parameters of UAVs. We provide improved pose estimations by integrating multi-sensor observations in an EKF algorithm with IMU motion model. The implemented methodology has demonstrated to be very efficient and reliable for automatic pose estimation. The calculated position and attitude of the UAV especially when we removed the GNSS from the working cycle clearly indicate the ability of the purposed methodology.