bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Announced Extinction: The Impacts of Mining on the Persistence of Arthrocereus glaziovii, a Microendemic Species of Campos Rupestres
Authors: Pires Andréa , Moreira Patrícia de Abreu , Beirão Marina do Vale
Published: July 2023

The ironstone outcrops in the rupestrian grasslands, known as cangas, are rich in species of endemic plants. This high endemism and the constant threat because of the area loss and fragmentation make the conservation of the rupestrian grasslands necessary. The rupestrian grasslands that host one of Brazil's largest iron-ore mining areas are Iron Quadrangle. About 89 rare and endangered species of the Iron Quadrangle are exclusive to cangas, including a threatened species Arthrocereus glaziovii. According to the International Union Conservation of Nature (IUCN), this species is considered micro-endemic and endangered and a priority for recovering the Iron Quadrangle's ferruginous rupestrian fields. This work aims to evaluate the potential distribution of A. glaziovii based on abiotic variables and soil elements and characterize the distribution of mining titles that may restrict the areas of occurrence of this species. We used five types of ecological niche model (ENM) algorithms (Bioclim, Domain, MaxEnt, GLM and RandomForest) in two sets of environmental variables for the modeling: 20 climatic variables and 18 edaphic variables. Our results showed that the area of the potential occurrence of A. glaziovii is more extensive and covers areas outside the Iron Quadrangle. However, mining titles currently licensed and in exploration correspond the entire identified area, threatening the species' survival.
Natural Rubber Latex-Modified Concrete with PET and Crumb Rubber Aggregate Replacements for Sustainable Rigid Pavements
Authors: Hoy Menglim , Ro Bundam , Horpibulsuk Suksun , Yosthasaen Thanongsak , Suddeepong Apichat , Buritatum Apinun , Yaowarat Teerasak , Samingthong Wisanukhorn , Arulrajah Arul
Published: July 2023

In this study, various percentage combinations of waste aggregates such as PET and crumb rubber were used to replace coarse and fine aggregates in natural rubber latex (NRL) modified concretes. Engineering properties such as compressive and flexural strengths, modulus of elasticity, and toughness obtained from compressive- and flexural stress-strain curves were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was performed to examine the microstructural properties and to study the strength development of the studied concretes. The results indicated that both the compressive and flexural strengths of NRL-modified concretes with PET and crumb rubber aggregate replacements decreased with increasing replacement ratios. SEM analysis indicated that PET and crumb rubber (hydrophobic and non-polar materials) can affect the microstructure of the studied concrete by creating a weak interface between the aggregate and cement pastes, leading to reducing strength development. With the addition of the NRL additive, the film formation was found to act as a bridge and improved the bond strength of aggregates and hydration products of NRL-modified concrete. Furthermore, the integration of PET and crumb rubber aggregate can enhance the ability of the concrete to absorb energy and improve ductility. It was found that 10% of PET and crumb rubber aggregate replacement can be used for NRL-modified concrete as a rigid pavement, as its compressive and flexural strengths met the minimum requirement specified by the Department of Highways, Thailand. This research helps repurpose waste materials and reduce the environmental footprint of concrete production.
Application of the ant colony method to search for rational values of the parameters of a technical system
Authors: Sudakov Vladimir Anatolievich , Titov Yuri Pavlovich , Sivakova Tatiana Vladimirovna , Ivanova Polina Mihailovna
Published: July 2023

The work is devoted to the problems of improving the search for rational sets of parameters of a complex technical system. Setting the parameter sets is carried out by specifying the boundaries of the parameter values and the variation step, and the sets of specific values form the solution. An approach with the possibility of a directed search for a solution that satisfies the decision maker is considered. If such a solution is not found, the algorithm will provide a complete search of all possible solutions. A multi-threaded socket connection is used to control the process of stopping and interacting with the calculator. Suggested: modification of the ant colony method using a hash table; new formula for probabilistic choice of vertices. The study was conducted on single-criteria tasks and benchmarks. The resulting modifications make it possible to find all solutions without using a multistart, leaving the advantages of the ant colony method: a quick search for rational solutions.
Virtual gravity assists maneuvers in interplanetary mission design
Authors: Golubev Yury Filippovich , Grushevskii Alexey Vasilyevich , Tuchin Andrey Georgievich
Published: July 2023

It is shown that the backward in time extension of the spacecraft interplanetary launch trajectory from the point of the low orbit of the departure planet generates a trajectory structurally coinciding with the virtual gravity assist trajectory near the departure planet. The pericenters of the auxiliary beam of the flying by hyperbolas and the time of their pericenter passage in this case differ slightly from the corresponding parameters of the designed departure orbit when starting from the specified point. Thus, the search for the trajectory of an interplanetary flight can be separated from the need to take into account the boundary conditions of the launch from an intermediate low pre-launch orbit. The pre-launch orbit is refined on the results of the search for the trajectory of the interplanetary flight. A structurally uniform scheme of ballistic design of spacecraft flight paths using multiple gravitational maneuvers based on the consideration of planetary ephemerides is presented.
Sexually Transmitted Infections in Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Patients
Authors: Sleeman Nicholas , Hoban Carol , Koutoubi Samer
Published: July 2023

Background and Objective: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) effectively prevents the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV is a disease primarily contracted by men who have sex with men or the sharing of needles, syringes, and other drug injection equipment. However, there is some disparity over the thought that PrEP patients have a disproportionate incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) compared with non-PrEP patients. This study aims to clarify the disparity and identify if PrEP patients have a higher incidence of STIs.
Methods: A survey of 143 respondents was conducted on STI incidence, risk factors, and abstinence from May 13, 2022, to June 20, 2022. The results were analyzed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS V28.0.0.0). SPSS was used to analyze the descriptive statistics associated with STI data obtained from the Naval Medical Readiness and Training Command, Camp Lejeune, Community Health Clinic Patient and Laboratory Tracker.
Results: This study found a higher incidence of STIs among PrEP patients than non-PrEP patients and a statistical significance (p = 0.010) between the number of partners a person had sex with over the past year and the lifetime incidence of STIs. Portions of the data in the linear regression were used to calculate the significance and can be used as a predictor of STIs based on the number of partners a person has. This can help patients within this community understand their actual risk of contracting an STI based on a potential risk factor.
Conclusion and Implications for Translation: This study found a higher incidence of STIs among PrEP patients than non-PrEP patients. Additionally, the study can help public health professionals understand the risks associated with military patients who take PrEP and target specific risk factors that influence the disparity in the incidence of STIs. Future studies may use survey data from this study to understand the implications of other risk factors and their association with STIs. Public health professionals can also use these data to develop a predictive index for many risk factors. A predictive index on STI risk is an extremely valuable tool as it allows users to view their risk of obtaining an STI.
 
Copyright © 2023 Sleeman and Hoban. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc.This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.
Improvements in Drilling Fluid Rheology Predictions Using Rotational Viscometer
Authors: Costa Camila M. , Varges Priscilla R. , Naccache Monica F.
Published: July 2023

The success of an oilwell drilling operation is directly associated with the correct formulation of drilling fluids and their rheological measurements. The goal of this study is to investigate the usage of a Fann 35A viscometer and the methodology for rheological characterization of drilling fluids by comparison with the use of a rotational rheometer. Flow curves and gel strength tests were performed considering classic measurement artifacts such as apparent wall slip, secondary flows, steady-state (SS) regime, and inertial effects, among others. In addition, a study of the relationship between pressure drop and flow rate in a tube and in an annular space was carried out to investigate the influence of the viscosity function and of the rheological properties on the design of pipelines and the correct sizing of pumps. Use of American Petroleum Institute (API) equations and curve fitting were explored as potential choices for viscosity functions. The results indicate that the use of API equation predictions can compromise the effectiveness of the drilling process, while the choice of an adequate viscosity function is essential for the correct sizing of pumps. The gel strength was evaluated in the viscometer and presented divergent results from those obtained in the rheometer. Furthermore, a grooved geometry was developed for the viscometer to avoid the effects of apparent slip at low shear rates. Some recommendations are made based on the results obtained, which lead to better accuracy in the rheological results of drilling fluids and, consequently, better performance of some functions assigned to it. The proposed improvements and methodologies proved to be promising, although in some cases the cost-benefit remained unchanged.
Parkinson’s disease-related lncRNA PINK1-AS advances glioma oncogenesis by activating IPO5-RAS signaling pathway
Authors: Sun Jinxing , Li Zhenke , Wang Xu , Jia Junheng , Wu Qianqian , Zhang Chao , Li Weiguo
Published: July 2023

Background: Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a higher incidence of gliomas in patients with Parkinson's disease. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear, and insights into why and how patients with Parkinson's disease are susceptible to gliomas are essential for advancing novel therapeutic approaches for both diseases.
Methods: The Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database was used to screen Parkinson’s disease-related genes associated with glioma prognosis. The expression of the lncRNA PINK1-AS in the brain tissue of patients with Parkinson’s diseaseand glioma tissues and cells was characterized by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The efficacy of PINK1-AS knockdown in gliomas was evaluated by assessing cell proliferation, migration, cell cycles, and experimental xenografts. To establish the relationship between the PINK1-AS, miR-200a-3p, and IPO5 genes, RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA probe pull-down, luciferase reporter, and fluorescence in situ hybridization assays were performed.
Results: PINK1-AS expression was anomalously elevated in brain tissue of patients with Parkinson’s disease, glioma tissues, and cell lines compared to normal brain tissue, and the overall survival time was reduced in patients with glioma with high PINK1-AS expression. PINK1-AS knockdown remarkably suppressed glioma malignant phenotypes, including cell promotion, metastasis, and aggression in vitro and xenograft tumor generation in vivo. Furthermore, PINK1-AS may serve as a pool for miR-200a-3p, thereby de-repressing IPO5 and activating the RAS signaling pathway.
Conclusions: PINK1-AS, highly expressed in both Parkinson's disease and glioma, regulates IPO5 expression by downregulating miR-200a-3p and activating the RAS signaling pathway.
Yield Strength-Plasticity Trade-off and Uncertainty Quantification for Machine-learning-based Design of Refractory High-Entropy Alloys
Authors: Giles Stephen , Shortt Hugh , Liaw Peter , Sengupta Debasis
Published: July 2023

Refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) are of prime interest for their potential use as high-temperature materials in next-generation gas turbine engines. Improving the strength-plasticity trade-off has been a grand challenge for RHEAs due to the vast composition search space and non-availability of reliable models. In this paper, we have developed a machine learning-based plasticity model and yield strength model in order to define criteria for the yield strength-plasticity trade-off. A robust probabilistic-based uncertainty quantification is performed to identify confidence in predictions. Model descriptors are also analyzed through a state-of-the-art model explainability technique. Our analysis not only is consistent with known physics, but also provides new insights for identifying critical descriptors dictating the strength-plasticity trade-off. This can be used as a guideline to discover new compositions with desired properties. Finally, model predictions are validated through processing and characterization of two new RHEA compositions.
Unmanipulated haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for mixed phenotype acute leukemia: a single center study
Authors: Huang Junbin , Feng Bo , Cheng Yifei , Xu Lanping , Zhang Xiao-hui , Huang Xiao-Jun , Wang Yu
Published: July 2023

Mixed-phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL), which is categorized as a rare subtype of acute leukemia with a generally dismal prognosis. Hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is traditionally considered a curative treatment for MPAL. Thirty-three MPAL patients undergoing HSCT at the Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People’s Hospital (Beijing, China) between December 2017 and April 2022 were enrolled in this study. The 2-year overall survival (OS) rate was 84.4% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 69.9–98.9%), and the event-free survival (EFS) rate was 86.3% (95% CI, 73.8–98.8%) in MPAL patients undergoing HSCT in first complete remission (CR1). The median time to relapse after HSCT was 7.2 months (range: 0.8–12 months). The 2-year cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) was 13.7% (95% CI, 4.2–28.9%). No patients died due to non-relapsed mortality (NRM) events. This study suggested that haplo-HSCT is a feasible and safe strategy for patients with MPAL patients in CR1. The outcomes were promising; however, they need to be confirmed by further research.
A rapid, efficient and cost-effective DNA isolation protocol for various herbal products which is appropriate for different downstream genomics applications
Authors: Ibrahim Munir , Detroja Asmita , BIshoyi ASHOK KUMAR
Published: July 2023

Medicinal plants have been used for the treatment of diseases and its demand is expanding in both developed and developing countries. The extensive consumption to meet demand:supply ratio exerts a heavy strain on the existing resources. This subsequently led to adulteration and substitution. The DNA-based method is the most widely adopted for the determination of adulteration in herbal products. Quality DNA extraction is regarded as the prerequisite for the application of DNA-based techniques in herbal plant authentication. Various protocols for DNA isolation could only be applied to a small number of species and were often expensive and time-consuming. Furthermore, herbal products undergo various conditions and are mixed with different substances, these factors affect the integrity of the DNA making it difficult to isolate. In this study, a simple, cost-effective and rapid CTAB-optimized DNA extraction protocol was developed which successfully isolated quality DNA from different samples of medicinal plants and their respective adulterants without using liquid nitrogen. Quality DNA was also isolated from different herbal products of reputed companies. The protocol was also validated in different herbarium samples and quality DNA has been obtained. DNA quality of both plants and herbal drugs was measured by A260/A280 ranging between 1.3–1.8. Thus, the developed protocol can be adapted to medicinal plants and herbal drugs quality DNA isolation and authentication as well as herbarium samples for molecular identifications. The isolated DNA was found to have suitable quality and sufficient quantity for ISSR-PCR, SCoT-PCR and restriction digestion reaction, advocating the protocol is best suitable for different genomics downstream applications.
The correlation between primary open-angle glaucoma(POAG) and gut microbiota: a potential towards predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine
Authors: Chen Si , Wang Nan , Xiong Siqi , Xia Xiaobo
Published: July 2023

Background
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Emerged evidence has shown that glaucoma is considered an immune disorder. Gut is the largest immune organ in human body and gut microbiota (GM) plays irreversible role of maintaining immune homeostasis. But how does GM influences glaucoma remain unrevealed. This study aimed at investigating key molecules/pathways mediating GM and glaucoma and provide new biomarkers for future predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine.
Methods
Datasets from primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients (GSE138125) and datasets for target genes of GM/GM metabolites were downloaded from public database. For GSE138125, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between healthy and POAG samples were identified. And the online Venn diagram tool was used to obtain the DEGs from POAG related to GM. After which GM-related DEGs were analyzed by correlation analysis, pathway enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Human trabecular meshwork cells were used for validation, and mRNA level of hub genes was verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in the in vitro glaucoma model.
Results
A total of 16 GM-related DEGs in POAG were identified from the above 2 datasets (9 up-regulated genes and 7 down-regulated genes). Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that these genes are mostly enriched in immune regulation especially macrophages related pathways. Then 6 hub genes were identified by PPI network analysis and construction of key modules. Finally, RT-qPCR confirmed that the expression of the hub genes in the in vitro glaucoma model was consistent with the results of bioinformatics analysis of mRNA chip.
Conclusion
This bioinformatic study elucidates NFKB1, IL18, KITLG, TLR9, FKBP2, and HDAC4 as hub genes for POAG and GM regulation. Immune response modulated by macrophages play an important role in POAG and may be potential targets for future predictive, preventive, and personalized diagnosis and treatment.
The new clinical classification of metastatic spinal malignancies serves as a vital reference to surgical management:a retrospective case-control study
Authors: Bai Junjun , Li Jian , Lv Jia , Yang Wangzhe , Wang Yushan , Feng Yi , Lv Zhi
Published: July 2023

Background
It is commonly accepted that Surgical treatment is an essential component of the comprehensive treatment of metastatic spinal malignancies. However, Up until now, the clinical classification of metastatic spinal malignancies has not been well-structured.
Methods
After IRB approval, 86 patients with metastatic spinal malignancies who underwent therapy at the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University between January 2014 and March 2020 were adopted. According to the vascular distribution, stability of vertebrae and the degree of nerve compression, osteolytic metastatic spinal tumors can be classified into five types. 20 of them who did not receive segmental arterial embolization was set as a control group. The standard group included 24 patients who received segmental arterial embolization on both sides of the diseased vertebrae. 42 patients were included in the intervention group after receiving responsible arterial embolization. Surgical intervention was performed within 24 hours following an embolization.
Results
In comparison with the control and standard groups, the intervention group presented unique advantages in terms of bleeding volume (p＜0.001), operating time (p＜0.001), and local recurrence rate within 12 months (p＜0.006).
Conclusion
The promising surgical intervention strategies can be developed according to the new clinical classification of metastatic spinal malignancies.
Radiation Exposure Assessment of Nuclear Medicine Staff Administering [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE with Active and Passive Dosimetry
Authors: Riveira-Martin Mercedes , Struelens Lara , Iglesias José Muñoz , Schoonjans Werner , Tabuenca Olga , Nogueiras José Manuel , Gómez Francisco Javier Salvador , Medina Antonio López
Published: July 2023

Background
The use of lutetium-177 (177Lu)-based radiopharmaceuticals in peptide receptor nuclear therapy is increasing, but so is the number of nuclear medicine workers exposed to higher levels of radiation. In recent years, [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE has begun to be widely used for the treatment of neuroendocrine tumours. However, there are few studies evaluating the occupational radiation exposure during its administration, and there are still some challenges that can result in higher doses to the staff, such as a lack of trained personnel or fully standardised procedures. In response, this study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of occupational doses to the staff involved in the administration of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE.
Results
A total of 32 administrations of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE (7.4 GBq/session) carried out by a physician and a nurse, were studied. In total, two physicians and four nurses were independently monitored with cumulative (passive) and/or real-time (active) dosemeters. Extremity, eye lens and whole-body doses were evaluated in terms of the dosimetric quantities Hp(0.07), Hp(3) and Hp(10), respectively. It was obtained that lead aprons reduced dose rates and effective doses by 71% and 69% for the physician, respectively, and by 56% and 68% for the nurse. On average, normalised Hp(10) showed lower values with active (0.65 ± 0.18 µSv/GBq) than with passive (11.6 ± 2.9 µSv/GBq) dosemeters, so further measurements are needed. For physicians, the median of the maximum normalised Hp(0.07) values was 41.5 µSv/GBq on the non-dominant hand and 45.2 µSv/GBq on the dominant hand. For nurses 15.4 µSv/GBq on the non-dominant and 13.9 µSv/GBq on the dominant hand. The ratio between the maximum dose measured on the hand and the dose measured on the base of the middle/ring finger of the non-dominant hand resulted in a factor of 5/6 for the physicians and 3/4 for the nurses. Finally, maximum normalised Hp(3) doses resulted in 2.02 µSv/GBq for physicians and 1.76 µSv/GBq for nurses.
Conclusions
If appropriate safety measures are taken, the administration of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE is a safe procedure for workers. However, regular monitoring is recommended to ensure that the annual dose limits are not exceeded.
Evaluation of Deep Learning-Based Quantitative Computed Tomography for Opportunistic Osteoporosis Screening
Authors: Oh Sangseok , Kang Woo Young , Park Heejun , Yang Zepa , Lee Jemyoung , Kim Changwon , Woo Ok Hee , Hong Suk-Joo
Published: July 2023

Background
To evaluate diagnostic efficacy of deep learning (DL)-based automated bone mineral density (BMD) measurement for opportunistic screening of osteoporosis with routine computed tomography (CT) scans.
Methods
A DL-based automated quantitative computed tomography (DL-QCT) solution was evaluated with 92 routine clinical CT scans from 65 patients who underwent either chest (N:29), lumbar spine (N:34), or abdominal CT (N:29) scan. The automated BMD measurements (DL-BMD) on L1 and L2 vertebral bodies from DL-QCT were validated with manual BMD (m-BMD) measurement from conventional asynchronous QCT using Pearson’s correlation and intraclass correlation. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis identified the diagnostic ability of DL-BMD for low BMD and osteoporosis, determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and m-BMD.
Results
Excellent concordance were seen between m-BMD and DL-BMD in total CT scans (r = 0.960/0.980). The ROC-derived AUC of DL-BMD compared to that of central DXA for the low-BMD and osteoporosis patients was 0.840 and 0.784 respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of DL-BMD compared to central DXA for low BMD were 73.1%, 68.0%, and 71.7%, respectively, and those for osteoporosis were 78.9%, 83.6%, and 82.6%. The AUC of DL-BMD compared to the m-BMD for low BMD and osteoporosis diagnosis were 0.982 and 0.934, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of DL-BMD compared to m-BMD for low BMD were 94.8%, 94.1%, and 94.6%, and those for osteoporosis were 73.3%, 91.9%, and 85.9%, respectively.
Conclusions
DL-BMD exhibited excellent agreement with m-BMD on L1 and L2 vertebrae in the various routine clinical CT scans and had comparable diagnostic performance for detecting the low-BMD and osteoporosis on conventional QCT.
Congenital Anomalous Origin of the Coronary Artery in Children: Use of Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography for Diagnosis
Authors: Zhen Zhen , Dong Ziyan , Na Jia , Chen Xi , Li Qirui , Gao Lu , Yuan Yue
Published: July 2023

Background
AOCA can cause different degrees of myocardial ischemia. The various clinical presentations and diagnostic limitations of TTE often lead to missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis.
Methods
The retrospective study analysed the clinical date of 208 children with AOCA diagnosed by CT coronary angiography (CTCA), aimed to describe the clinical features and prognosis of the disease.
Results
One hundred and fifty-seven (75.5%) cases had cardiac symptoms, 3 (1.4%) had atypical symptoms, and 48 (23.1%) were asymptomatic. Levels of serological markers of myocardial injury were elevated in 49 patients (23.6%), and ST-T changes were predominant in electrocardiographic abnormalities (n = 140, 67.3%). Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) identified 27 cases (13%) with cardiac enlargement and 10 (4.8%) with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Only 6 cases (5.8%) of AOCA were identified by TTE, 4 of which were anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the opposite sinus of Valsalva (R-ACAOS). The anomalous origin of the left coronary artery was the most common anomaly revealed (n = 126, 60.6%) by CTCA, followed by the anomalous origin of the right coronary artery (n = 50, 24.0%). Bilateral coronary arteries of anomalous origin were the least frequent (n = 32, 15.4%). Except for four cases who underwent surgical treatment, the others were treated conservatively. No deaths in the whole process.
Conclusions
CTCA has high diagnostic accuracy and can be used to determine the location and course of coronary ostia. The treatment of AOCA should be individualized according to the type of coronary origin, and surgical repair should be performed if necessary.
Trial registration
retrospectively registered.
CNT based enhanced GaAs/InAs Multiple quantum well (MQW) solar cell
Authors: Warepam Dickson , Singh Khomdram Jolson , Dhar Rudra Sankar
Published: July 2023

This work presents the optimized model and results of numerical simulations and analysis of CNT based GaAs/InAs multiple quantum wells (from 5 to 70 QWs) GaAs solar cell. These QWs is found to extend the absorption edge beyond that of the GaAs bandgap. Further, with the introduction of the wide bandgap InGaP back surface field (BSF) layer in the model, efficiency is enhanced due to the reflection of unabsorbed photons from the bottom of the device back into the quantum well. The proposed model uses a heterogeneous CNT layer as top semi-transparent electrode. It is observed that this CNT top layer with lower sheet resistance and better light transmission can significantly improve the overall efficiency. Our optimized cell with 35 number 25nm quantum well structure with 100 nm CNT top layer with sheet resistance of 128 Ω/□ is found to increase the efficiency up to 34.12% (with CNT top layer) from 32.46%(without CNT top layer). EQE of the cell is nearly 90%. To show the accuracy of our findings, the key phases of the numerical modelling are presented, and the base simulation data are checked using standard experimental data. An essential step towards creating commercially viable QWSCs is the effective application of the suggested CNT-based QWSC model within a modern TCAD tool environment (Silvaco ATLAS).
Polymetallic nodule mineralization in the Pigafeta Basin, West Pacific responses to the Antarctic ice-sheet evolution
Authors: Wang Haifeng , deng xianze , He Gaowen , Deng Xiguang , Yang Yong , Yao Huiqiang , Li Gang , Zhang Limin
Published: July 2023

We found polymetallic nodules wide spread in the Pigafeta Basin, West Pacific. It turns out to be influenced by the Antarctic Bottom Current, which forms around the Antarctic ice-sheet through surface-water freezing. Thus, we propose the polymetallic nodule mineralization is coupling with the Antarctic ice-sheet evolution. In order to clarify the coupling relationship, we here carry out chronology and geochemistry analysis. The polymetallic nodules consist of four layers and three sedimentary discontinuities. The chronology results demonstrate that nucleation age is ~ 34 Ma, and three sedimentary discontinuities are > 25 Ma, 14.2~16.9Ma and 3.7 ~ 3.4 Ma. Coincidentally, the polymetallic nodules stopped growing during global warming and accreted when glaciation occurred in the Antarctic. In addition, there are coupling effects between the Antarctic ice-sheet parameter (volume and standard deviation) and geochemical indexes of the polymetallic nodules (MgO/CaO and Mn/Fe). These coupling effects indicate that the polymetallic nodule mineralization in the Pigafeta Basin respond to the Antarctic ice-sheet evolution.
Development of a multivariate predictive nomogram among women with antepartum fetal death diagnosed at ≥34 weeks of gestation for outcome of TOLAC
Authors: Dasgupta Subhankar , DASGUPTA JIJA
Published: July 2023

Objective
A priori estimate on probability of having successful vaginal birth, helps to reduce maternal complications and increases treating physician’s confidence when planning a TOLAC in women with antepartum fetal death. Aim for this study was to develop a nomogram which will give probability of vaginal birth from maternal features in women with antepartum fetal death diagnosed at ≥ 34 week’s gestation and previous one low transverse cesarean section (LTCS).
Methods
This was a prospective observational study where participants were managed based on a predesigned protocol. Data was collected on different predelivery maternal features. Outcomes were categorized into two classes - vaginal delivery and cesarean delivery. Different classifiers were trained with data obtained on maternal features and accuracy of predicting outcome class determined. The machine learning model giving highest accuracy was used to develop a nomogram.
Result
Classical machine learning models by using selective maternal features could predict outcome of TOLAC among women attempting VBAC with IUFD with high accuracy. Factors found to have a significant impact on outcome of TOLAC according to their order of importance were maternal BMI at admission, bishop score, duration of augmentation, estimated foetal weight, interval from previous LTCS, admission to active labor interval, vaginal delivery after LTCS and gestational age. The Naïve -Bayes model gave the highest prediction accuracy (0.88).
Conclusion
Non-linear classifiers by using selective features could predict outcome of TOLAC among women attempting VBAC with IUFD at or beyond 34 weeks gestation with high accuracy.
Study of the prevalence and influencing factors of WMSDs among automotive maintenance workers in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: zhang huadong , Li Xiaoping , Deng Huaxin , Cao Lei , Wang Zhongxu , Liu Jing , Wang Rugang , Li Renjie , Jia Ning , Chen Fengqiong
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND
China remains the world’s largest automotive manufacturing country. The work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are a common occupational hazard associated with heavy industries. 76.2%-91.4% of vehicle maintenance workersuffers from WMSDs, among them, automotive maintenance workers have a higher risk of WMSDs due to some uncomfortable working postures and unreasonable work schedules.Furthermore, the prevalence of multi-site WMSDs is higher than that of single-site WMSDs in automotive workers. The available data (descriptive, etiological and prognostic data) largely focuses on the WMSDs defined by anatomical sites, and the research on multi-site WMSDs is particularlysparse.
OBJECTIVES
To explore the regularity and influencing factors of WMSDs in automotive maintenance workers.
METHODS
Through cluster sampling, 539 workers from 50 automotive repair and maintenance companies in China were recruited. The prevalence of WMSDs in the main anatomical sites was investigated using the modified Nordic MusculoskeletalDisorders Questionnaire (NMQ). The chi-square test and logistic regression models were used to analyze the associated risk factors.
CONCLUSIONS
Multisite WMSDs are more prevalent than single-site WMSDs among automotive maintenance workers, and two sites are most commonly affected. The influencing factors include demographic characteristics,such as gender, working age, certain types of movements and postures (working in uncomfortable positions, repetitive movements of the lower limbs and ankles), regular overtime, back to work after a break, and number of breaks per shift.
Calculation of correction angle required for spinal osteotomy in ankylosing spondylitis patients with thoracolumbar kyphosis: comparison of FBI method and hilus pulmonis (HP) method.
Authors: Chi Cheng , Zhang Jiandang , Tang Jiaguang , Zhou Jianwei , Li Mao
Published: July 2023

Study Design：Retrospective case–control radiographic study
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to compare hilus pulmonis (HP) method and full balance integrated (FBI) method in calculating the amount of correction angle needed to achieve a satisfactory sagittal balance for ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients with thoracolumbar kyphosis, then, to explore if HP method can be safely used instead when C7 vertebra is invisible.
Methods
38 AS patients (34 men, 4 women; mean age, 38.4 yr) who underwent one-level PSO for thoracolumbar kyphosis deformity were retrospectively collected. The planned osteotomy angles were calculated on preoperative full-length spinal radiographs using both methods (HP and FBI). Pre- and post-operative sagittal parameters were also assessed, including Cobb T1- S1, global tilt, sagittal vertical axis (SVA), pelvic tilt, lumbar lordosis, femoral obliquity angle (FOA).
Results
All radiographical parameters had significantly improved from preoperative to postoperative. The T1–S1 sagittal Cobb angles significantly improved from 43.5 ° (range, -12.1° ~84.5°) preoperatively to 9.2° (range, −15.7°~33.7°) postoperatively (P < 0.001). All radiographical
parameters had significantly improved from preoperative to postoperative, including global tilt (52.3°~21.8°, P<0.001), SVA (139.4 ~ 58.1mm, P < 0.001), PT (33.6° ~16.8°, P<0.001),
lumbar lordosis (1.9°~-36.3°, P<0.001) and femoral tilt (22.0° ~10.1°, P<0.001). The mean osteotomy angle was 28.2° (range 20.4°~41.9°). The average predicted correction angles with FBI method and HP method were 43.70° and 51.80°, respectively. There was significant difference between these two methods in terms of predicted correction angle (P=0.001).
Conclusions
In AS patients with only thoracolumbar kyphosis, HP method had greater estimated correction angle than FBI method. Since our experience confirmed that all patients achieved the best equilibrium when C7 plumb line closed to the sacral plateau according to FBI method, HP method could not be safely used instead to calculate the estimated correction angle.
Direct regeneration and morpho-histological study of de novo shoot development from leaf explants of Rhododendron mucronulatum Turcz.
Authors: Zaytseva Yulianna
Published: July 2023

Rhododendron mucronulatum Turcz., a rare medicinal and ornamental deciduous multi-branched shrub native to northern parts of East Asia, is a valuable genetic resource for breeding and biotechnological producing bioactive metabolites. To create propagation system of R. mucronulatum, an efficient method of direct shoot regeneration from leaf explants based on thidiazuron (TDZ) and dark treatment was developed, and detailed histological analysis for revealing localization of cell competent to morphogenesis was carried out for the first time. The highest regeneration rate (75%) and number of shoots per explant (an average of 51.7) were achieved under 0.5 µM TDZ and dark treatment. The dark treatment was found to increase the regeneration rate more than two-fold compared to culturing under light conditions. The histological analysis showed that tested TDZ concentrations induced direct organogenesis pathway. The competent to morphogenesis cells were found to locate in epidermal tissue of leaf explants on adaxial side of petiole and lamina base next to main vein. The formation of embryo-like structures was observed on the late morphogenesis stages. It was discovered that parenchymal and epidermal tissues of embryo-like structures were well-separated from explant tissue but its vascular bundle was connected with vascular bundle of explant and had a joining vascular system, and led to adventitious shoots development. The result obtained can promote further establishment of efficient and stable systems for genetic transformation and biomass production of R. mucronulatum.
A single nuclei atlas of aging human abdominal subcutaneous white adipose tissue
Authors: Sparks Lauren , Whytock Katie , Divoux Adeline , Sun Yifei , Pino Maria , Yu Gongxin , Smith Steven , Walsh Martin
Published: July 2023

White adipose tissue (WAT) is a robust energy storage and endocrine organ critical for maintaining metabolic health as we age. Our aim was to identify cell-specific transcriptional aberrations that occur in WAT with aging. We leveraged full-length snRNA-Seq to characterize the cellular landscape of human subcutaneous WAT in a prospective cohort of 10 Younger (≤ 30 years) and 10 Older individuals (≥ 65 years) balanced for sex and body mass index (BMI). We highlight that aging WAT is associated with adipocyte hypertrophy, increased proportions of resident macrophages (M2), an upregulated innate immune response and senescence profiles in specific adipocyte populations, highlighting CXCL14 as a biomarker of this process. We also identify novel markers of pre-adipocytes and track their expression levels through pre-adipocyte differentiation. We propose that aging WAT is associated with low-grade inflammation that is managed by a foundation of innate immunity to preserve the metabolic health of the WAT.
Efficient Flood Risk Mitigation and Intersectional Equity Implications: A Case Study in New Orleans
Authors: Geldner Nathan , Johnson David , Doss-Gollin James , Keller Klaus
Published: July 2023

Government agencies often require cost-benefit tests for environmental risk mitigation measures. These tests implicitly prioritize more valuable assets and may therefore produce inequitable outcomes. Previous studies propose directly prioritizing vulnerable groups or minimizing Gini coefficients, but these violate popular notions of procedural equity. We propose an alternative non-monetary risk measure which treats homes as equally valuable, improving distributional outcomes without violating procedural norms. As a case study, we compare optimal fixed-budget housing elevation strategies in New Orleans which respectively minimize flood risk measured as (i) economic damage, and (ii) the proportion of a structure’s replacement cost. The latter strategy allocates more resources to impoverished neighborhoods and reduces proportional damage to housing by an additional 11% at the expense of 2% of economic damage. Composite strategies provide more favorable tradeoffs (4% of proportional damage for 0.04% economic damage). This analysis demonstrates the value of non-monetary risk measures in pursuing equitable outcomes.
The prevalence of foot pain and association with baseline characteristics in people participating in education and supervised exercise for knee or hip osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional study of 26,003 participants from the GLA:D® registry
Authors: Gates Lucy S , Cherry Lindsey , Grønne Dorte T , Roos Ewa M , Skou Soren T
Published: July 2023

Background
Osteoarthritis (OA) affecting the knee or hip is highly prevalent in the general population and has associated high disease burden. Early identification of modifiable risk factors that prevent, limit, or resolve disease symptoms is critical. Foot pain may represent a potentially modifiable factor however little is known about the prevalence of foot pain in people with knee or hip OA nor whether foot pain is associated with clinical characteristics. The main aim of this study was therefore to determine the prevalence of foot pain in people with knee or hip OA attending an education and supervised exercise-based intervention in Denmark (GLA:D®) and determine if baseline demographic or clinical characteristics are associated with foot pain.
Methods
Analysis was conducted on baseline data of 26,003 people with symptomatic knee or hip OA completing a body mannequin as part of the Good Life with osteoArthritis in Denmark (GLA:D®) primary care programme. Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to estimate the strength of association between baseline clinical characteristics (including pain severity in worst knee/hip joint, number of painful knee/hip joints, pain medication use and physical activity level) and the presence of baseline foot pain.
Results
Twelve percent of participants (n = 3,049) reported foot pain. In those people with index knee OA (n = 19,391), knee pain severity (OR 1.01 CI 1.00, 1.01), number of painful knee/hip joints (OR 1.67 CI 1.58, 1.79), and use of pain medication (OR 1.23 CI 1.12, 1.36) were statistically associated with foot pain. Excluding use of pain medication, similar associations were seen in those with index hip OA.
Conclusion
Twelve percent of people with knee or hip OA participating in GLA:D® had foot pain. Those with worse knee/hip pain, and greater number of painful joints were more likely to report foot pain. This study is the first to demonstrate a significant relationship between clinical characteristics and foot pain in people with knee or hip OA participating in education and supervised exercise. Future investigation should consider the role that foot pain may play on knee and hip related outcomes following therapeutic intervention.
The anticancer effects of thymol on HepG2 cell line
Authors: Altintas Fatih , Tunc-Ata Melek , Secme Mucahit , Kucukatay Vural
Published: July 2023

There is an increasing incidence of liver cancer, which is a hazard for global health. The present study was designed to evaluate possible cytotoxic, genotoxic, apoptotic, oxidant and antioxidant effects of thymol on hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line. The cytotoxic effect of thymol on HepG2 cell line was determined by XTT test. We also used the HUVEC cell line to show whether thymol damages healthy cells. Oxidative stress level was determined with Total Oxidant Status (TOS) and Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) measurement kits. Apoptosis of cells was detected in flow cytometry with Annexin V apoptosis kit. Apoptotic gene expressions were analyzed by real-time PCR. Genotoxicity was determined by comet assay, which measures DNA damage. The thymol IC50 dose was found to be 11 μM on HepG2 cell line. This dose had no lethal effect on the healthy HUVEC cell line. While thymol significantly decreased the TOS level, it increased the TAS level significantly in HepG2 cells compared to control. Thymol significantly induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells (apoptosis rate in control group 1%, in thymol group 21%). Thymol did not alter the gene expressions of bax, bcl-2, and casp3, all of which are associated with apoptosis. Statistically significant change in favor of genotoxicity was observed in tail length measurements. Our results suggest that thymol decreases oxidative stress in HepG2 cell line, but it induces apoptosis and genotoxicity.
Missed Opportunities in Aspirin Prescribing for Preeclampsia Prevention
Authors: Singh Noreen , Shuman Saskia , Chiofalo Jacqueline , Cabrera Mariela , Smith Aimee
Published: July 2023

Background
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including preeclampsia, are a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality in the United States, particularly among low-income and historically marginalized populations. Evidence suggests low-dose aspirin prophylaxis may help prevent preeclampsia in individuals at increased risk of developing the disease. This study examines associations between preeclampsia risk factors and aspirin prescribing practices among patients receiving prenatal care at a network of federally qualified health centers (FQHC).
Methods
Researchers conducted retrospective chart reviews (n = 523) of pregnant individuals ages 18–50 who completed two or more prenatal visits at the FQHC between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2020. Prescription patterns for patients at moderate and high risk for preeclampsia were analyzed using unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models to identify the patients with the greatest risk of not receiving the recommended prophylactic treatment.
Results
Of 249 total patients considered at risk for preeclampsia, only 39% received an aspirin prescription. 57.89% of patients with any high-risk factor were appropriately prescribed aspirin, but only 27.27% of patients with two or more moderate risk factors without high risk factors received a prescription. Clinicians most frequently prescribed aspirin for patients with a history of preeclampsia and history of hypertension. However, aspirin was prescribed a maximum of 78.79% of the time for patients with a prior history of hypertension. Among moderate risk factors, patients with advanced maternal age, Black race, or nulliparity were significantly more likely in adjusted models to be prescribed aspirin.
Conclusions
Despite the documented benefits of aspirin prescribing and support from professional societies, there are still many missed opportunities for aspirin prophylaxis to prevent preeclampsia. Future interventions should focus on identifying patients who qualify for aspirin prophylaxis on the basis of having multiple moderate risk factors without comorbid high risk factors.