bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A facile post-peeling modification approach of elastic dielectrics for high-performance conformal organic thin-film transistors
Authors: Zhao Xiaoli , Li Hanbing , Tang Qingxin , Tong Yanhong , Liu Yichun
Published: February 2019

A facile post-peeling modification approach is developed to form an ultrasmooth monolayer on elastic dielectrics for constructing high-performance conformal organic thin-film transistors.
Novel bimetallic lanthanide metal–organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs) for colour-tuning through energy-transfer between visible and near-infrared emitting Ln3+ ions
Authors: Zeng Min , Zhan Chuanlang , Yao Jiannian
Published: February 2019

Controllable color-tuning has been achieved in a bimetallic Ln-MOF through energy transfer from visible-emitting to near-infrared-emitting Ln ions.
The in situ synthesis of conductive polyaniline patterns using micro-reactive inkjet printing
Authors: Teo Mei Ying , Stuart Logan , Devaraj Harish , Liu Cody Yang , Aw Kean C. , Stringer Jonathan
Published: February 2019

The micro-reactive inkjet printing technique and the patterned conductive PANI on a glass substrate using this printing method.
Correction: Theoretical insights into intermolecular interactions during d8 organometallic self-aggregation
Authors: Xie Mo , Lu Wei
Published: February 2019

Correction for ‘Theoretical insights into intermolecular interactions during d8 organometallic self-aggregation’ by Mo Xie et al., Dalton Trans., 2019, 48, 1275–1283.
Correction: Hydrogel nanotubes with ice helices as exotic nanostructures for diabetic wound healing
Authors: Singh Aarti , Bhattacharya Rohan , Shakeel Adeeba , Sharma Arun Kumar , Jeevanandham Sampathkumar , Kumar Ashish , Chattopadhyay Sourav , Bohidar Himadri B. , Ghosh Sourabh , Chakrabarti Sandip , Rajput Satyendra K. , Mukherjee Monalisa
Published: February 2019

Correction for ‘Hydrogel nanotubes with ice helices as exotic nanostructures for diabetic wound healing’ by Aarti Singh et al., Mater. Horiz., 2019, DOI: 10.1039/c8mh01298a.
Self-templated synthesis of amide catenanes and formation of a catenane coordination polymer
Authors: Lewis James E. M.
Published: February 2019

A metal-free synthesis of [2]catenanes is exploited to prepare an interlocked ligand that self-assembles with Ag(i) to form one-dimensional metallo-polycatenanes.
The study of the characteristics and hydrolysis properties of naringinase immobilized by porous silica material
Authors: Luo Jian , Li Qian , Sun Xitong , Tian Jing , Fei Xu , Shi Feng , Zhang Nan , Liu Xiangli
Published: February 2019

SBA-15 is an innovative silica material for naringinase immobilization, which achieved improved naringinase activity and had excellent hydrolysis properties.
Interface engineering on Janus Pd–Au heterojunction co-catalysts for selective photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CH4
Authors: Cai Xiaotong , Wang Jiawei , Wang Ruoxin , Wang An , Zhong Shuxian , Chen Jianrong , Bai Song
Published: February 2019

Interfacial reaction on Janus metal heterojunction co-catalysts is found to promote their activity and selectivity for photocatalytic conversion of CO2 to CH4.
Effects of hydroxyapatite@poly-lactide-co-glycolide nanoparticles combined with Pb and Cd on liver and kidney parenchyma after the reconstruction of mandibular bone defects
Authors: Ignjatović Nenad L. , Janković Radmila , Uskoković Vuk , Uskoković Dragan P.
Published: February 2019

Reconstruction of bone defects with the use of biomaterials based on hydroxyapatite (HAp) has been a popular approach in medicine and dentistry.
Dust opacity variations in the pre-stellar core L1544
Authors: Chacón-Tanarro A. , Pineda J. E. , Caselli P. , Bizzocchi L. , Gutermuth R. A. , Mason B. S. , Gómez-Ruiz A. I. , Harju J. , Devlin M. , Dicker S. R. , Mroczkowski T. , Romero C. E. , Sievers J. , Stanchfield S. , Offner S. , Sánchez-Argüelles D.
Published: February 2019

Context. The study of dust emission at millimeter wavelengths is important to shed light on the dust properties and physical structure of pre-stellar cores, the initial conditions in the process of star and planet formation.

Aims. Using two new continuum facilities, AzTEC at the Large Millimeter Telescope Alfonso Serrano and MUSTANG-2 at the Green Bank Observatory, we aim to detect changes in the optical properties of dust grains as a function of radius for the well-known pre-stellar core L1544.

Methods. We determined the emission profiles at 1.1 and 3.3 mm and examine whether they can be reproduced in terms of the current best physical models for L1544. We also made use of various tools to determine the radial distributions of the density, temperature, and dust opacity in a self-consistent manner.

Results. We find that our observations cannot be reproduced without invoking opacity variations. New temperature and density profiles, as well as opacity variations across the core, have been derived with the new data. The opacity changes are consistent with the expected variations between uncoagulated bare grains, toward the outer regions of the core, and grains with thick ice mantles, toward the core center. A simple analytical grain growth model predicts the presence of grains of ~3–4 μm within the central 2000 au for the new density profile.
Astronomical bounds on the modified Chaplygin gas as a unified dark fluid model
Authors: Li Hang , Yang Weiqiang , Gai Liping
Published: February 2019

The modified Chaplygin gas could be considered to abide by the unified dark fluid model because the model might describe the past decelerating matter dominated era and at present time it provides an accelerating expansion of the Universe. In this paper, we have employed the Planck 2015 cosmic microwave background anisotropy, type-Ia supernovae, observed Hubble parameter data sets to measure the full parameter space of the modified Chaplygin gas as a unified dark matter and dark energy model. The model parameters Bs, α, and B determine the evolutional history of this unified dark fluid model by influencing the energy density ρMCG = ρMCG0[Bs + (1 − Bs)a−3(1 + B)(1 + α)]1/(1 + α). We assumed the pure adiabatic perturbation of unified modified Chaplygin gas in the linear perturbation theory. In the light of Markov chain Monte Carlo method, we find that Bs = 0.727+0.040+0.075−0.039−0.079, α = −0.0156+0.0982+0.2346−0.1380−0.2180, B = 0.0009+0.0018+0.0030−0.0017−0.0030 at 2σ level. The model parameters α and B are very close to zero and the nature of unified dark energy and dark matter model is very similar to cosmological standard model ΛCDM.
Evolving optical polarisation of the black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1820+070
Authors: Veledina Alexandra , Berdyugin Andrei V. , Kosenkov Ilia A. , Kajava Jari J. E. , Tsygankov Sergey S. , Piirola Vilppu , Berdyugina Svetlana V. , Sakanoi Takeshi , Kagitani Masato , Kravtsov Vadim , Poutanen Juri
Published: February 2019

Aims. The optical emission of black hole transients increases by several magnitudes during the X-ray outbursts. Whether the extra light arises from the X-ray heated outer disc, from the inner hot accretion flow, or from the jet is currently debated. Optical polarisation measurements are able to distinguish the relative contributions of these components.

Methods. We present the results of BVR polarisation measurements of the black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1820+070 during the period of March-April 2018.

Results. We detect small, ∼0.7%, but statistically significant polarisation, part of which is of interstellar origin. Depending on the interstellar polarisation estimate, the intrinsic polarisation degree of the source is between ∼0.3% and 0.7%, and the polarisation position angle is between ∼10 ° −30°. We show that the polarisation increases after MJD 58222 (2018 April 14). The change is of the order of 0.1% and is most pronounced in the R band. The change of the source Stokes parameters occurs simultaneously with the drop of the observed V-band flux and a slow softening of the X-ray spectrum. The Stokes vectors of intrinsic polarisation before and after the drop are parallel, at least in the V and R filters.

Conclusions. We suggest that the increased polarisation is due to the decreasing contribution of the non-polarized component, which we associate with the the hot flow or jet emission. The low polarisation can result from the tangled geometry of the magnetic field or from the Faraday rotation in the dense, ionised, and magnetised medium close to the black hole. The polarized optical emission is likely produced by the irradiated disc or by scattering of its radiation in the optically thin outflow.
Hints about the multiplicity of WR 133 based on multiepoch radio observations
Authors: De Becker M. , Isequilla N. L. , Benaglia P.
Published: February 2019

Several tens of massive binary systems display indirect, or even strong evidence for non-thermal radio emission, hence their particle accelerator status. These objects are referred to as particle-accelerating colliding-wind binaries (PACWBs). WR 133 is one of the shortest period Wolf-Rayet + O systems in this category, and is therefore critical to characterize the boundaries of the parameter space adequate for particle acceleration in massive binaries. Our methodology consists in analyzing JVLA observations of WR 133 at different epochs to search for compelling evidence for a phase-locked variation attributable to synchrotron emission produced in the colliding-wind region. New data obtained during two orbits reveal a steady and thermal emission spectrum, in apparent contradiction with the previous detection of non-thermal emission. The thermal nature of the radio spectrum along the 112.4-d orbit is supported by the strong free–free absorption by the dense stellar winds, and shows that the simple binary scenario cannot explain the non-thermal emission reported previously. Alternatively, a triple system scenario with a wide, outer orbit would fit with the observational facts reported previously and in this paper, albeit no hint for the existence of a third component exists to date. The epoch-dependent nature of the identification of synchrotron radio emission in WR 133 emphasizes the issue of observational biases in the identification of PACWBs, that undoubtedly affect the present census of PACWB among colliding-wind binaries.
Deciphering an evolutionary sequence of merger stages in infrared-luminous starburst galaxies atz∼ 0.7
Authors: Calabrò A. , Daddi E. , Puglisi A. , Oliva E. , Gobat R. , Cassata P. , Amorín R. , Arimoto N. , Boquien M. , Carraro R. , Delvecchio I. , Ibar E. , Jin S. , Juneau S. , Liu D. , Onodera M. , Mannucci F. , Méndez-Hernández H. , Rodighiero G. , Valentino F. , Zanella A.
Published: February 2019

Based on optical and near-IRMagellanFIRE spectra of 25 starburst galaxies at 0.5 <  z <  0.9, a recent publication showed that their attenuation properties can be explained by a single-parameter sequence of total obscurations ranging fromAV = 2 toAV = 30 toward the starburst core centers in a mixed stars and dust configuration. We investigate here the origin of this sequence for the same sample. We show that total attenuations anticorrelate with the starburst sizes in radio (3 GHz) with a significance larger than 5σand a scatter of 0.26 dex. More obscured and compact starbursts also show enhanced N2 (=[NII]/Hα) ratios and larger line velocity widths that we attribute to an increasing shock contribution toward later merger phases, driven by deeper gravitational potential wells at the coalescence. Additionally, the attenuation is also linked to the equivalent width (EW) of hydrogen recombination lines, which is sensitive to the luminosity weighted age of the relatively unobscured stellar populations. Overall, the correlations amongAV, tot, radio size, line width, N2 and EW of Balmer and Paschen lines converge toward suggesting an evolutionary sequence of merger stages: all of these quantities are likely to be good time-tracers of the merger phenomenon, and their large spanned range appears to be characteristic of the different merger phases. Half of our sample at higher obscurations have radio sizes approximately 3 times smaller than early type galaxies at the same redshift, suggesting that, in analogy with local ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs), these cores cannot be directly forming elliptical galaxies. Finally, we detect mid-IR AGN torus for half of our sample and additional X-ray emission for 6 starbursts; intriguingly, the latter have systematically more compact sizes, suggestive of emerging AGNs toward later merger stages, possibly precursors of a later QSO phase.
Low-redshift lowest-metallicity star-forming galaxies in the SDSS DR14
Authors: Izotov Y. I. , Guseva N. G. , Fricke K. J. , Henkel C.
Published: February 2019

We present a sample of low-redshift (z <  0.133) candidates for extremely low-metallicity star-forming galaxies with oxygen abundances 12 + log O/H <  7.4 selected from the Data Release 14 (DR14) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Three methods are used to derive their oxygen abundances. Among these methods two are based on strong [O II]λ3727 Å, [O III]λ4959 Å, and [O III]λ5007 Å emission lines, which we call strong-line and semi-empirical methods. These were applied for all galaxies. We have developed one of these methods, the strong-line method, in this paper. This method is specifically focused on the accurate determination of metallicity in extremely low-metallicity galaxies and may not be used at higher metallicities with 12 + log O/H ≳ 7.5. The third, the direct Te method, was applied for galaxies with detected [O III]λ4363 emission lines. All three methods give consistent abundances and can be used in combination or separately for selection of lowest-metallicity candidates. However, the strong-line method is preferable for spectra with a poorly detected or undetected [O III]λ4363 emission line. In total, our list of selected candidates for extremely low-metallicity galaxies includes 66 objects.
Öfter mal das Großhirn einschalten …
Authors: Hertlein Margit
Published: February 2019

Wie nahe sind wir noch an unseren Ur-Instinkten? „Sehr nahe“, sagt unsere Autorin
Margit Hertlein und beschreibt weiter: „Solange wir auf kleine Provokationen
genauso reagieren wie auf einen Wollnashorn-Angriff, folgt auch unser Gehirn den
archaischen Ritualen Angriff, Flucht oder Starre.“ Zum Glück ist das
trainierbar.
Entscheider Blog: „Müller, machen Sie mal Personalmarketing!“
Authors: Camphausen Martin
Published: February 2019

Die Nachrichten zu allgemeiner Personalnot und geschlossenen Stationen überschlagen sich allerorts, die Panik ist förmlich greifbar. Die Einführung der Personaluntergrenzen verschärft die Lage für Krankenhäuser abermals. Aber werden die notwendigen Management-Schritte eingeleitet, um dem zu begegnen? Nein. Stattdessen sollen es einzelne richten.
Gesundheitskongress des Westens: Patienten besser lenken
Authors: Kohrs Jens
Published: February 2019

In Köln läuft seit Anfang Januar ein Modellprojekt, mit dem der Rettungsdienst der Stadt und die nordrhein-westfälische Arztrufzentrale (ARZ) in Duisburg die Notfallversorgung optimieren wollen. kma sprach mit Professor Alex Lechleuthner, Ärztlicher Leiter des Rettungsdienstes in Köln, der das Thema „Härtetest Notfallversorgung!“ auch auf dem Gesundheitskongress des Westens diskutieren wird.
Wegbereiter: Thieme Management Award
Authors: Freye Carolin
Published: February 2019

Der Thieme Management Award ehrt Persönlichkeiten in der deutschen Gesundheitswirtschaft und wird in den Kategorien „Manager des Jahres“ sowie „Senkrechtstarter“ verliehen.
Wertigkeit von Qualitätsberichten: Facebook-Bewertungen bilden nicht die klinische Versorgungsqualität ab
Authors: Hölbling Catrin
Published: February 2019

Die Mehrzahl deutscher Krankenhäuser ist mittlerweile auf Facebook vertreten und erhält dort Bewertungen von ihren Patienten. Inwieweit diese mit den veröffentlichten Qualitätsberichten der Kliniken übereinstimmen, haben Nürnberger Wissenschaftler erstmals systematisch für den Fachbereich Geburtshilfe untersucht.
Quo Vadis Radiologie: Künftige Technologien aktiv mitgestalten
Authors: Priester Stephanie
Published: February 2019

Professor Michael Forsting, Direktor der Universitätsradiologie Essen spricht im Interview über „Radiologie 4.0“ und die Bedeutung der Digitalisierung für das Fach.
Radial Access for Lower Extremity Peripheral Arterial Interventions: Do We Have the Tools?
Authors: Posham Raghuram , Young Lindsay , Lookstein Robert , Pena Constantino , Patel Rahul , Fischman Aaron
Published: February 2019

The benefits of transradial arterial access (TRA) versus transfemoral arterial access (TFA) have been extensively described in the literature; however, TFA remains the predominant access site choice in the management of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). There are still significant unmet needs for operators wishing to provide the same effective interventions for lower extremity PAD via TRA as with TFA. This article provides an up-to-date review of the literature and devices currently available for operators wishing to treat lower extremity PAD via TRA and the limitations they may face.
On the Cutting Edge: Wound Care for the Endovascular Specialist
Authors: Yates Timothy , Vianna Sofia , Adenikinju Omosalewa , Beasley Robert , Houseworth Jon , Olivieri Brandon
Published: February 2019

Clinical outcomes in patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) depend not only on endovascular restoration of macrovascular blood flow but also on aggressive periprocedural wound care. Education about this area of CLI therapy is essential not only to maximize the benefits of endovascular therapy but also to facilitate participation in the multidisciplinary care crucial to attaining limb salvage. In this article, we review the advances in wound care products and therapies that have granted the wound care specialist the ability to heal previously nonhealing wounds. We provide a primer on the basic science behind wound healing and the pathogenesis of ischemic wounds, familiarize the reader with methods of tissue viability assessment, and provide an overview of wound debridement techniques, dressings, hyperbaric therapy, and tissue offloading devices. Lastly, we explore emerging technology on the horizons of wound care.
Pilot Comparison of Adjustment Protocols of Personal Sound Amplification Products
Authors: Oliver Antoinette , Srinivasan Nirmal , Lin Frank , Korczak Peggy , Reed Nicholas
Published: February 2019

The Over-the-Counter Hearing Aid Act of 2017 was signed into law in August 2017 and facilitates the introduction of direct-to-consumer sales of hearing aids for adults with mild-to-moderate hearing loss. Among many questions surrounding over-the-counter sales is the ability of users to self-fit amplification. Many studies have conducted self-fitting procedures using guidance materials provided by audiologists. In this pilot, we explore the ability of users to self-adjust personal sound amplification devices using only materials provided by the manufacturer and contrast this with models that involve a hearing professional. Outcomes to assess adjustments included clinic-based speech-in-noise measures and ability to approximate NAL-NL2 prescriptive targets. We found that an audiologist-driven model provided the best outcomes. However, it is unknown if the difference is clinically meaningful.
Translating Public Health Practices: Community-Based Approaches for Addressing Hearing Health Care Disparities
Authors: Marrone Nicole , Han Hae-Ra , Lin Frank , Nieman Carrie , Suen Jonathan
Published: February 2019

Epidemiologic studies reveal disparities in hearing health care with lower prevalence of hearing aid use among older adults from racial/ethnic minority groups and lower socioeconomic positions. Recent national reports recommend exploring innovative delivery models to increase the accessibility and affordability of hearing health care, particularly for underserved and vulnerable populations. With an expected rise in the prevalence of age-related hearing loss over the next four decades due to a rapidly aging population, the condition is a growing public health imperative. This review describes key public health practices for developing and delivering community-based care that characterizes an emerging area of research in novel approaches of hearing loss management programs to reach underserved populations. With evolving technologies that enable care to extend beyond the clinic, adapting a long-utilized community health worker approach presents a strategy for the field of hearing health care to be actively involved in designing and leading initiatives for achieving hearing health equity. Principles from community-based participatory research offer a paradigm for the field to integrate into its research endeavors for addressing disparities. An interdisciplinary approach for engaging these challenges offers hearing health care researchers and providers an opportunity to advance the field and delivery of care.
Determinants of the Quality of Warfarin Control after Venous Thromboembolism and Validation of the SAMe-TT2-R2 Score: An Analysis of Hokusai-VTE
Authors: Barco Stefano , Granziera Serena , Coppens Michiel , Douxfils Jonathan , Nijkeuter Mathilde , Riva Nicoletta , Vanassche Thomas , Zhang George , Lin Min , Kamphuisen Pieter , Cohen Alexander , Beyer-Westendorf Jan
Published: February 2019

Background Time in therapeutic range (TTR) measures the quality of vitamin K antagonist (VKA) anticoagulation. In patients with atrial fibrillation, the dichotomized SAMe-TT2-R2 score (≥2 vs. < 2 points) can predict if adequate TTR is unlikely to be achieved.

Aims We validated the SAMe-TT2-R2 score in patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) randomized to the warfarin arm of the Hokusai-VTE trial.

Patients and Methods A total of 3,874 patients were included in the primary analysis (day 31–180 from randomization). The efficacy and safety outcomes were symptomatic recurrent VTE and major or clinically relevant non-major bleeding.

Results The rates of recurrent VTE and bleeding events were higher in patients with a TTR below the median (< 66% vs. ≥66%) resulting in an absolute risk difference (ARD) of +0.5% (95% confidence interval: 0%, +1.1%) and +2.2% (0.9%, +3.5%), respectively. Patients with high SAMe-TT2-R2 score were 76% of total and had lower median TTR (64.7% vs. 70.7%). The SAMe-TT2-R2 score exhibited low negative (0.59) and positive (0.52) predictive value (TTR threshold 66%), and poor discrimination (c-statistic, 0.58). ARD between patients with high and low score was 0% (–0.6%, +0.7%) for recurrence and +1.3% (–0.1%, +2.7%) for bleeding. Results were confirmed in sensitivity analyses focusing on the whole study period (day 1–365).

Conclusion In VTE patients, the SAMe-TT2-R2 score showed unsatisfactory discrimination and predictive value for individual TTR and did not correlate well with clinical outcomes. The choice of starting a patient on VKA cannot be based on this parameter and its routine use after VTE may not translate into clinical usefulness.
Is Asymmetry of the Pons Associated with Hand Function and Manual Ability after Arterial Ischemic Stroke in Children?
Authors: Slavova Nedelina , Shojai Max , Everts Regula , Wiest Roland , Steinlin Maja , Grunt Sebastian
Published: February 2019

Aim This study was designed to investigate how the asymmetry of the brain stem is related to hand function and manual ability after arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) diagnosed during childhood.

Method Patients diagnosed with AIS during childhood (> 5 years old, diagnosis > 2 years before recruitment) and typically developing peers were recruited by the Swiss Neuropediatric Stroke Registry. Brainstem cross-sectional areas of each side at the level of the pons were measured. Pinch and grip strength were measured with a dynamometer, quality of upper limb movement by the Melbourne Assessment 2 and manual ability by the ABILHAND-kids. An asymmetry index was calculated for all measures (except the ABILHAND-kids). Differences between groups and correlations were calculated using nonparametric statistics.

Results Fourteen AIS survivors without hemiparesis, 10 AIS survivors with hemiparesis, and 47 typically developing peers were assessed. Patients with hemiparesis showed the highest brainstem asymmetry. There was a significant positive correlation between brainstem asymmetry, the asymmetry of strength and quality of upper limb movement, and a significant negative correlation between brainstem asymmetry and manual ability.

Interpretation In pediatric AIS survivors, brainstem asymmetry can serve as an indirect measure of corticospinal tract integrity. It is significantly correlated with strength, quality of movement, and manual ability.
Can resistant infections be perceptible in UK dairy farming?
Authors: Helliwell Richard , Morris Carol , Raman Sujatha
Published: February 2019

This paper interrogates the claim that antimicrobial-resistant infections are rarely encountered in animal agriculture. This has been widely reiterated by a range of academic, policy and industry stakeholders in the UK. Further support comes from the UK's Animal and Plant Health Agency’s (APHA) passive clinical surveillance regime, which relies on veterinarians to submit samples for analysis and similarly reports low levels of resistance amongst key animal pathogens. Building on social science work on knowledge-practices of animal health and disease, and insights from emerging literature on non-knowledge or ‘agnotology’, we investigate the conditions shaping what is known about antimicrobial-resistant infections on farms. In so doing, we find that how on-farm knowledge is produced about resistant infection is concurrently related to domains of imperceptibility or what cannot be known in the context of current practices. The paper discusses the findings of ethnographic research undertaken on an East Midlands dairy farm that highlight the following specific findings. First, farmers and veterinarians, when observing instances of treatment failure, draw on an experiential repertoire that effaces resistances and instead foregrounds the complexities of host-pathogen interaction, or failings in human behaviour, over pathogen-antibiotic interactions. Second, the knowledge-practices of both farmers and veterinarians, although adept at identifying and diagnosing infectious disease are not equipped to make resistance perceptible. Third, this imperceptibility has implications for antibiotic use practices. Most notably, veterinarians anticipate resistance when making antibiotic choices. However, because of the absence of farm level knowledge of resistance this anticipatory logic is informed through the prevalence of resistance ‘at large’. The analysis has implications for the existing passive resistance surveillance regime operating in the dairy sector, which relies on veterinarians and farmers voluntarily submitting samples for diagnostic and susceptibility testing. In effect this entrenches farm level imperceptibility and effacement by farmers and veterinarians within the national dairy surveillance regime. However, we also highlight opportunities for providing farm specific knowledge of resistance through the anticipatory logic of veterinarians and a more active regime of surveillance.
Universality of neutral models: decision process in politics
Authors: Hösel Volker , Müller Johannes , Tellier Aurelien
Published: February 2019

Political elections exemplify complex decision processes in human populations. Data of proportional elections show a striking feature at different spatial scales, across years, and for several democracies: when ranking the parties according to their number of voters, the amount of votes grows exponentially with the party’s rank. We develop a mechanistic mathematical model of birth and death of parties and voter grouping based only on word of mouth and not on political contents, close to neutral models used in evolutionary biology (Ewens sampling formula), or Hubbell’s model of species biodiversity. Data and model agree strikingly well. The model explains, for instance, the steady loss of big-tent parties in France and Germany by the increasing number of parties standing for elections. A cannibalism effect (parties/candidates at a given rank systematically withdraw votes from others) can be identified. The interpretation and consequences of the rational or lack thereof of voters’ choices for modern democracies are discussed.
Natural convection heat transfer in a cavity filled with electrically conducting nano-particle suspension in the presence of magnetic field
Authors: Dixit Desh Deepak , Pattamatta Arvind
Published: February 2019

This work reports the effect of uniform magnetic field on the heat transfer behavior in the natural convection of electrically conducting but non-magnetic nano-particle suspensions. The experiments are carried out in a differentially heated cubical cavity with two opposite vertical faces at a different uniform temperature kept in a uniform magnetic field. The Rayleigh number range for the present experiment is between 1 × 106 and 1 × 107. To investigate the effect of volume fraction and the type of nanofluid, three different volume fractions of multi-wall carbon nanotubes, graphene, copper, and silica nanofluid are tested at different strengths and directions of the magnetic field. The presence of magnetic field deteriorates the heat transfer which depends upon the direction, strength of the magnetic field and type, and volume fraction of the nanofluid used. The role of magnetic field in the suppression of heat transfer in the presence of magnetic field is explained by a theory involving the interaction of moving electrically conducting particles with the uniform magnetic field.
Enhanced modulation of magnetization in the Fe3O4/MgO/SrTiO3 heterostructure by electric field
Authors: Lu Y. L. , Wu H. , Zhu L. , Li Y. , Wang Y. G. , Pan F. M.
Published: February 2019

The temperature dependence of the in-plane saturation magnetization of the Fe3O4/MgO/SrTiO3 multiferroic heterostructure is investigated under various electric fields. The MgO interlayer is utilized to introduce oxygen vacancies into the heterostructure. Compared with the case of the Fe3O4/SrTiO3, a different variation trend of the magnetization has been attained in the Fe3O4/MgO/SrTiO3 since the oxygen vacancies accumulate on the Fe3O4 layer at the negative electric field. The magnetoelectric coupling coefficient of the Fe3O4/MgO/SrTiO3 at an electric field of −500 kV/cm is 1.21 Oe·cm/kV, 42% larger than that of the Fe3O4/SrTiO3. The distribution of oxygen vacancies controlled by the electric field plays an important role in the modulation of magnetization. The insertion of the MgO layer is responsible for the larger magnetoelectric response.
Dispersive long wave of nonlinear fractional Wu-Zhang system via a modified auxiliary equation method
Authors: Khater Mostafa M. A. , Lu Dianchen , Attia Raghda A. M.
Published: February 2019

In this paper, we examine a modified auxiliary equation method. We applied this novel method on Wu-Zhang system. This model used to describe (1 + 1)-dimensional dispersive long wave in two horizontal directions on shallow waters. This model is one of the fractional nonlinear partial differential equations. We used conformable derivatives properties to convert nonlinear fractional partial differential equation into the ordinary differential equation with integer order. We obtained many different kinds of solutions such as kink and anti-kink, dark, bright, shock, singular, periodic solitary wave.
Graphene–Magnetic Spinel Ferrite Nanocomposite: Facile Synthesis and Excellent Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Wang Yuhang , Yan Hongxia , Zhang Qiuyu
Published: February 2019

Spinel ferrite structured ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles anchored on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets have been prepared via a facile hydrothermal method combined with a solvothermal approach. For the synthesis of the ZnFe2O4/rGO nanocomposites, the rGO nanosheet contains epoxy functional groups serving as the active sites, which allowed the formation of uniform ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles. Due to the structure of the ZnFe2O4/RGO nanocomposites, the aggregation of the ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles can be readily disrupted and electronic transfer through the rGO nanosheets is accelerated. This could in turn enhance the photocatalytic efficiency. It was also demonstrated that ZnFe2O4/rGO (40 wt-%) hybrid nanocomposites almost reached adsorption equilibrium in the RhB dye within 60min. The Langmuir equation model showed that the photodegradation of RhB was well fitted to first order reaction kinetics with k=0.6254min−1. This illustrated that the addition of GO could reduce the bandgap of pure ZnFe2O4, which avoided the combination of electrons and holes. The ZnFe2O4/rGO nanocomposites could also enhance the utilisation of sunlight. In addition, the ZnFe2O4/rGO nanocomposite photocatalyst also demonstrated a supramagnetic property, holding potential to be utilised for water treatment.
A new genus with two new capitate species of dimorphic soft corals (Octocorallia : Alcyoniidae) from north-western Australia
Authors: Bryce Monika , Wilson Nerida G.
Published: February 2019

Soft coral diversity in tropical northern Australia remains relatively understudied compared with other parts of the world. As a result of ongoing biodiversity surveys, we describe here a new genus of Octocorallia, Anastromvos, gen. nov., and two new species, A. aldersladei, sp. nov. and A. catherinae, sp. nov., collected from waters off the Pilbara, Kimberley and Darwin. To test the validity of the new genus, we used traditional morphological approaches combined with a molecular phylogeny using three mitochondrial genes (COI, mtMutS, ND2) and nuclear 28S. The markers did not amplify for the colony of A. catherinae, sp. nov., which was described on the basis of morphology only. The new genus, belonging to the family Alcyoniidae, is dimorphic, possessing autozooids and siphonozooids, and is characterised by its unique capitate growth form, stone-like colony consistency, heavy autozooid polyp armature and the possession of clubs, tuberculated spindles and/or oval-shaped sclerites and crosses. The molecular phylogeny shows the new genus as the sister group to Sarcophyton+Lobophytum, and forms a unique clade among other alcyoniid clades. The Sarcophyton–Lobophytum group of taxa can be ecologically dominant in shallow-water coral reef communities but there is still much taxonomic refinement needed for these and related genera.
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:71E96A7A-A24D-4485-AF3B-834CEF959578
Cyprinid passage performance in an experimental multislot fishway across distinct seasons
Authors: Romão Filipe , Quaresma Ana L. , Santos José M. , Branco Paulo , Pinheiro António N.
Published: February 2019

New engineering solutions are required to minimise the effects of an increasing number of anthropogenic barriers on watercourses. Longitudinal connectivity must be provided through fishways to allow free passage for the whole fish community. Recently, a multislot fishway (MSF) was developed, with two consecutive vertical slots that divide the overall head drop by two, thus reducing the flow velocity, the magnitude of turbulence and operational discharge compared with a standard vertical slot fishway (VSF) with similar pool and slot dimensions. The present study assessed the effectiveness of a MSF design for two cyprinid species with different ecological traits, under laboratory conditions, namely the Iberian barbel (Luciobarbus bocagei), a large-bodied potamodromous benthic fish, and the southern Iberian chub (Squalius pyrenaicus), a small-bodied water column fish. Experiments were conducted in a full-scale experimental fishway, in spring and autumn. Results showed differences in passage performance between seasons and species. During spring, chub had a higher entry efficiency and shorter transit time to fully negotiate the fishway, whereas no seasonal differences were found for the barbel. Overall, the MSF could be considered a cost-effective design for cyprinids with different ecological traits because it offers lower operational costs than a standard VSF. However, concerns about the entrance and attraction conditions should be addressed. In addition, because of the lower operational discharge, the propensity for obstruction with woody debris and sediments should not be disregarded.
Universality of local weak interactions and its application for interferometric alignment
Authors: Dziewior Jan , Knips Lukas , Farfurnik Demitry , Senkalla Katharina , Benshalom Nimrod , Efroni Jonathan , Meinecke Jasmin , Bar-Ad Shimshon , Weinfurter Harald , Vaidman Lev
Published: February 2019

The modification of the effect of interactions of a particle as a function of its preselected and postselected states is analyzed theoretically and experimentally. The universality property of this modification in the case of local interactions of a spatially preselected and postselected particle has been found. It allowed us to define an operational approach for the characterization of the presence of a quantum particle in a particular place: the way it modifies the effect of local interactions. The experiment demonstrating this universality property provides an efficient interferometric alignment method, in which the position of the beam on a single detector throughout one phase scan yields all misalignment parameters.
Structural insights into FTO’s catalytic mechanism for the demethylation of multiple RNA substrates
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Wei Lian-Huan , Wang Yuxin , Xiao Yu , Liu Jun , Zhang Wei , Yan Ning , Amu Gubu , Tang Xinjing , Zhang Liang , Jia Guifang
Published: February 2019

FTO demethylates internal
N
6
-methyladenosine (m
6
A) and
N
6
,2′-
O
-dimethyladenosine (m
6
A
m
; at the cap +1 position) in mRNA, m
6
A and m
6
A
m
in snRNA, and
N
1
-methyladenosine (m
1
A) in tRNA in vivo, and in vitro evidence supports that it can also demethylate
N
6
-methyldeoxyadenosine (6mA), 3-methylthymine (3mT), and 3-methyluracil (m
3
U). However, it remains unclear how FTO variously recognizes and catalyzes these diverse substrates. Here we demonstrate—in vitro and in vivo—that FTO has extensive demethylation enzymatic activity on both internal m
6
A and cap m
6
A
m
. Considering that 6mA, m
6
A, and m
6
A
m
all share the same nucleobase, we present a crystal structure of human FTO bound to 6mA-modified ssDNA, revealing the molecular basis of the catalytic demethylation of FTO toward multiple RNA substrates. We discovered that (
i
)
N
6
-methyladenine is the most favorable nucleobase substrate of FTO, (
ii
) FTO displays the same demethylation activity toward internal m
6
A and m
6
A
m
in the same RNA sequence, suggesting that the substrate specificity of FTO primarily results from the interaction of residues in the catalytic pocket with the nucleobase (rather than the ribose ring), and (
iii
) the sequence and the tertiary structure of RNA can affect the catalytic activity of FTO. Our findings provide a structural basis for understanding the catalytic mechanism through which FTO demethylates its multiple substrates and pave the way forward for the structure-guided design of selective chemicals for functional studies and potential therapeutic applications.
Decrease of citric acid produced by Aspergillus niger through disruption of the gene encoding a putative mitochondrial citrate-oxoglutarate shuttle protein
Authors: Kirimura Kohtaro , Kobayashi Keiichi , Yoshioka Isato
Published: February 2019

The transporter that exports citric acid (CA) generated in mitochondria to the cytosol is an important component of the CA production machinery of Aspergillus niger. In this report, we cloned and identified the gene cocA, encoding a 33.7-kDa putative mitochondrial citrate-oxoglutarate shuttle protein of the CA hyper-producer A. niger WU-2223L. The amount of CA produced by a representative cocA disruptant (35 g/L) was significantly lower than that produced by strain WU-2223L (63 g/L) after culture for 12 days under CA production conditions, and the phenotype of the cocA disruptant differed in part from that of strain WU-2223L. A cocA disruptant complemented with cocA exhibited the same phenotypes as those of strain WU-2223L. This report is the first to show that cocA and its protein product clearly contribute to substantial CA production by A. niger, and provides a significant insight into microbial organic acid production by fermentation.

Abbreviations: CA: citric acid; CD medium: Czapek-Dox medium; CS: citrate synthase; CTP: citrate transport protein; HR: homologous recombination; MCF: mitochondrial carrier family; RT-PCR: reverse-transcription PCR; TCA: tricarboxylic acid
Modelling of selective laser melting process with adaptive remeshing
Authors: Khan K. , De A.
Published: February 2019

Selective laser melting involves manufacturing of a part layer-by-layer by localised melting and solidification of metal powders. The geometry, composition, structure and property of the solidified deposit are significantly influenced by repeated exposure to the laser beam at a high scanning speed. A computationally efficient heat transfer model of selective laser melting is reported here using the finite element method with adaptive remeshing. The model has incorporated a very fine mesh, moving with the laser beam, to capture the local thermal gradient in and around the melt pool. A gradually varying coarser mesh is used away from the melt pool. The computed results are verified with that calculated using a uniform fine mesh and against reported experimental observations.
Effect of dilution on fatigue behaviour of welded joints produced by low-transformation-temperature fillers
Authors: Wu Shipin , Wang Dongpo , Zhang Zhi , Li Chengning , Liu Xiuguo , Zhou Zhijin , Di Xinjie
Published: February 2019

Low-transformation-temperature (LTT) fillers with various martensitic transformation start ( Ms) temperatures were used to produce fillet welds. In comparison with conventional welds, the fatigue strength of the LTT fillet welds offers a significant improvement, with a minimum increase of 145%. Owing to the substantial dilution of base metal, the Cr and Ni alloying elements in the LTT weld metals decrease, resulting in an increase of the Ms temperatures. Therefore, the fillet welds produced using the LTT filler material with the lower Ms temperature (92°C) exhibit a larger compressive residual stress and higher fatigue strength.
The influence of spiritual values on employee’s helping behavior: the moderating role of Islamic work ethic
Authors: Ahmed Adeel , Arshad Mohd Anuar , Mahmood Arshad , Akhtar Sohail
Published: February 2019

The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of spiritual values (i.e., sense of meaning, sense of community, and wisdom) on employee’s helping behavior. This study also investigated the moderating effect of the Islamic work ethic (IWE). The research framework was supported by the Al-Ghazali theory of soul. A cross-sectional design with purposive sampling was used to collect data from 344 first-line managers within the Pakistan airline industry. A total of 316 useable questionnaires with a response rate of 49.37% was used for data analysis. Partial least square (PLS) second-generation structural equation modeling (SEM) method (Smart-PLS software) was employed to test the hypothesized relationship. The current study findings revealed that spiritual values had a positive influence in affecting employees’ helping behavior. In addition, the moderation test showed a significant influence of IWE on the specific relationships of spiritual values and helping behavior. Implications for theoretical and practical discussion and limitations of the study are taken into account along with suggestions for future research. This study enriches the existing literature on spiritual values, employee behavior, and IWE.Abbreviations:IWE: Islamic Work Ethic; AVE: Average variance extracted; IATA: International Air Transport Association; PLS: Partial Least Square; SEM: Structural Equation Modeling; PIA: Pakistan International Airline
Approaches for Utilizing Insect Protein for Human Consumption: Effect of Enzymatic Hydrolysis on Protein Quality and Functionality
Authors: Liceaga Andrea M
Published: February 2019

Humans have practiced entomophagy for thousands of years; yet until recently, interest from Western countries has emerged toward using insects as alternative proteins to feed the growing world population. Research shows that western cultures are in favor of consuming familiar foods formulated with insect protein. This has led to the productions of insect-derived flours, primarily from crickets and mealworms, which are now available in North American and European markets. Studies have shown limited functional properties of these insect flours. Food scientists have long used controlled enzymatic protein hydrolysis as means for improving the functionality of different animal and plant proteins. Consequently, the production of insect protein hydrolysates seems like a logical approach to improve the functionality and nutritional quality of insect flours. This article provides an overview of the application of controlled enzymatic hydrolysis to produce insect protein hydrolysates with improved protein functionality, as well as opportunities and challenges faced during their use in food and feed formulations.
How to Reply to Some Ethical Objections to Entomophagy
Authors: Fischer Bob
Published: February 2019

Some people have moral objections to insect consumption. After explaining the philosophical motivations for such objections, I discuss three of them, suggesting potential replies. The first is that insect consumption ignores the precautionary principle, which we can gloss here as “Don’t know, don’t farm.” In other words, although there might be evidence that insects are not conscious, we do not know that they are not; so, we should not take the moral risk associated with killing them en masse. The second concern is driven by a different way of assessing moral risk—namely, by calculating expected utility. The short version: even if it is incredibly unlikely that insects are conscious, farming them involves harming so many of them that it is better simply to grow plants instead. The third concern is about whether insects live “net negative lives,” with more pain than pleasure. The thought is that if they do, then their lives are not worth living overall, in which case it is wrong to bring them into existence. I conclude by considering the prospects for strategic alliances between animal advocates and those who promote insect consumption, in the even that they are unable to resolve their moral disagreements.