bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Planetary migration in wind-fed non-stationary accretion disks in binary systems
Authors: Nekrasov A. D. , Zhuravlev V. V. , Popov S. B.
Published: December 2024

Context. An accretion disk can be formed around a secondary star in a binary system when the primary companion leaves the main sequence and starts to lose mass at an enhanced rate.

Aims. We study the accretion disk evolution and planetary migration in wide binaries.

Methods. We used a numerical model of a non-stationary alpha disk with a variable mass inflow. We took into account that the low- mass disk has an extended region that is optically thin along the rotation axis. We considered irradiation by both the host star and the donor. The migration path of a planet in such a disk is determined by the migration rate varying during the disk evolution.

Results. Giant planets may open and close the density gap several times over the disk lifetime. We identify a new type of migration specific to parts of the growing disk with a considerable radial gradient of an aspect ratio. Its rate is enclosed between the type II and the fast type I migration rates determined by the ratio of time and radial derivatives of the disk aspect ratio. Rapid growth of the wind rate just before the envelope loss by the donor leads to the formation of a zone of decretion, which may lead to substantial outward migration. In binaries with an initial separation of a ≲ 100 AU, migration becomes most efficient for planets with 60–80 Earth masses. This results in approaching the distance from the host star, where the tidal forces become non-negligible. Less massive Neptune-like planets at the initial orbits rp ≲ 2 AU can reach these internal parts in binaries with a ≲ 30 AU.

Conclusions. In binaries, mass loss by the primary component at late evolutionary stages can significantly modify the structure of a planetary system around the secondary component, resulting in mergers of relatively massive planets with a host star.
Features of morfogenesis of Thymus х citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb. and Thymus marschallianus Willd. explants at the second stage of clonal micropropagation in vitro
Authors: Tevfik Arzy , Yegorova Natalia
Published: December 2024

Many species of the genus Thymus are widely known as valuable essential oil and medicinal plants that have antiseptic, anti- inflammatory and analgesic properties. The use of biotechnological methods makes it possible to increase the efficiency of traditional methods of breeding and seed production. Our investigation aimed to study the influence of the different factors on the explants morphogenesis at the 2th stage of Thymus marschallianus Willd. and Thymus × citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb. clonal micropropagation. It was established that the highest morphogenetic potential was possessed by explants of T. marschallianus, whose multiplication index reached 19.9, while that of T. × citriodorus was 10.3. The optimal culture media for T. marschallianus (½MS with 0.5 mg/l naphthylacetic acid and 20 g/l glucose) and for T. × citriodorus (MS hormone free and 20 g/l sucrose) were determined. The efficiency of culturing T. × citriodorus explants in glass jars (closed with foil) was demonstrated, which allowed increasing the multiplication index up to 2.9–6.2 times compared to using test tubes or flasks as culture vessels. It was found that a longer growing cycle (70 days) in T. × citriodorus contributed to an increase the multiplication index by 3.6 times, and in T. marschallianus – by 6.2 times compared to the standard growing cycle (40 days).
Fungal diseases of tomatoes and their inhibition by local strains of microorganisms
Authors: Bekmukhamedova Nigora , Mamiyev Mukhiddin , Tadjiyev Anvar , Quziyev Tulqin , Norimov Shohrukh , Rustamova Dildora
Published: December 2024

Research has been carried out to determine the antagonistic properties of local strains of actinomycetes and microscopic fungi to the main pathogens of plant diseases - Alternaria alternata, Verticillium dahliae. It was shown that among the studied strains of microorganisms, the cultures of Streptomyces sp.31 and Stachybotrys sp.13 showed high antagonistic activity to the studied phytopathogens. At the same time, the zone of suppression of phytopathogens reached up to 36-40 mm in diameter.
Treating grapes with a natural alkaline decoction prepared from (Salsola arbuscula Pall.)
Authors: Odinayev Mirzamad , Safarov Asqar
Published: December 2024

In the article, the methods of increasing the efficiency of drying, shortening the drying time and obtaining high-quality dried raisins have been achieved by processing the bunches of large-sized raisin varieties of grapes grown in the Republic of Uzbekistan in different ways. The location of the large cultivation is considered to be the hill slopes with good wind circulation, as well as these areas are considered to be optimal, as well as there is a lot of precipitation in early autumn. To eliminate these inconveniences, the process of drying grape bunches is the use of basic and energy-saving methods of processing agricultural products, Salsola arbuscula Pall, which grows in the natural steppe regions of “Surkhandarya” region, is used for grape bunches. Experiments were conducted to determine the optimal concentration of the natural alkaline decoction prepared from the plant.
Preparing onion (Allium) for drying and determination of drying time
Authors: Azizov Aktam , Nematov Nurillo , Makhmurov Doston
Published: December 2024

In this article, the reasons for the increasing demand of the population for dried onion vegetable products, the use of dried onion products in the food industry, its external appearance, i.e., the structure of the skin layer, the average caliber of the onion raw material being dried, the portion of the cleaned onion that can be used as raw material for drying, the amount of waste in relation to the total weight of the onion head, the chemical composition of onion raw materials, the methods of determining the amount of dry matter, the degree of acidity and the amount of nitrates, the effect of its cut size on the drying process, the temperature of the heat agent during the drying process, the initial moisture content of the yellow product amount, methods of determining critical moisture and the dependence of drying duration on organic indicators are presented.
Use of drying methods in productive use of tomato fruit harvest
Authors: Nazarov Abdiqahhor , Murodbek Boltayev
Published: December 2024

In the agro industrial complex of our country, there are enough favorable conditions for the storage of vegetables, as well as their processing, and for the production of valuable environmentally friendly products from them. This allows increasing economic efficiency by significantly reducing excessive wastage of vegetables during the season. In this article, the selection of drying varieties from tomato varieties grown in our country. Yusuf F1, Uzbekistan, Burxon F1, TMK-22, Madera, Lodjeyn F1, Novichok tomato varieties included in the list of the state register of agricultural crops recommended for planting in the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan were used during the research. According to the results of the study, the best result in terms of dried product yield was observed in Lodjeyn F1 and Yusuf F1 varieties.
Development of sukat preparation technology from introduced unabi (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) fruits
Authors: Ochilov Musirmon , Shaumarov Xikmat
Published: December 2024

Unabi (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is considered a fruit with high food and medicinal properties in Uzbekistan, and this article presents the results of improving the technology of making sukat from unabi fruits introduced from China. In the development of technological parameters of fruit drying, when three stages of 40-50-60 °C drying regimes were used for 12 hours with 4-hour intervals, “Junzao” and “Zanhuangdazao” were among the dried varieties with 91.0 and 90.0 points. excellent quality sugarcane, “Jixinzao”, “Xiangzao”, “Tangzao”, “Linyilizao”, “Ta-Yan- Tszao” varieties were evaluated, respectively 87.3; 86.1; 79.5; 78.3; 75.1 points were obtained, and the average commodity type candied fruit products were obtained, as well as “Dabailing”, “Mayabaizao” and “Dongzao” varieties, respectively 56.0; 54.9; 55.4 were evaluated with the lowest indicator score, so it was recorded as an unsuitable variety for making sukat.
Phytonematodes found in potato soil and root system
Authors: Narzikulova Mashhura F. , Mamarakhimov Oybek M. , Mamatov Abdugafur E. , Ziyadullayev Kuyoshbek O. , Akhmedova Fotima T.
Published: December 2024

The article provides information about phytonematodes found in potato soils and its root system in the Bulungur, Tailak, Samarkand, Pastdargom districts of the Samarkand region. During the study, 109 species of plant nematodes were discovered. According to the ecological classification, among devisaprobionts - 33 species and phytohelminths - 26 species (ectoparasites, endoparasites) predominate, pararisobionts - 20 species, mycohelminths - 23 species, eusaprobionts - 7 species. In the studied regions, plant nematodes of potato crops differed from each other in the diversity of species and the number of individuals. In the fauna of potato nematodes and soils around its roots, the Tailak (62 species) and Samarkand (59 species) regions dominated in terms of species diversity and number of individuals, while in the Bulungur (52 species) and Pastdargom (52 species) regions these species were relatively poorly represented. The Samarkand and Tailak regions have the greatest similarity between the faunal complexes of the potato nematode (0.67), the Samarkand and Pastdargom regions have the least similarity between the faunal complexes (0.58), while the similarity between the Bulgur and Pastdargom regions is the least (0.48).
Exploring diverse apple tree varieties in Kirov Region, Russia
Authors: Firsova Svetlana , Sofronov Alexandr , Rusinov Anatoly
Published: December 2024

The research was conducted in the experimental orchard of FARС North-East (Kirov) in the period from 2011 to 2022. The object of study - 11 varieties of apple trees. According to the winter hardiness, the variety Yunga was selected, which did not show any signs of frost during the period of study. In the group of varieties of summer ripening none of the examined samples did not surpass the control variety Grushovka Moskovskaya in productivity. In the group of varieties of fall maturity, the varieties Suvenir Altaya (55.77 kg/plant) and Novost Altaya (45.48 kg/plant) were identified by productivity, which significantly exceeded the control variety Borovinka (12.97 kg/plant). The maximum productivity of most fall varieties was observed in 2022, in the 16th year after planting. The variety Osennyaya radost’ with medium fruit size (111-150 g) was isolated during the study period. Most of the studied varieties are characterized by an attractive appearance. The varieties Osennyaya radost’, Novost Altaya (5 points), Severnaya zor’ka, Suvenir Altaya (4,5 points), Borovinka (4,3 points) deserve special attention. Selected variety Podarok sadovodam with dessert taste of fruits (5 points). Excellent taste of apples was noted in 3 other varieties: Osennyaya radost’ (4.8 points), Suvenir Altaya (4.7 points) and Krasnaya gorka (4.5 points).
Methods of obtaining products from generative organs of Sambucus nigra L. taking into account the biological properties of the plant cell
Authors: Vardanyan Zaruhi , Bayramyan Lilia , Sahakyan Gayane , Mkhitaryan Hasmik , Lebedev Aleksandr
Published: December 2024

In Armenia, the species Sambucus nigra L. is found in the undergrowth of the lower and middle forest belts of the northern (Lori, Tavush) and southern regions (Zangezur). Black elderberry is almost never used in Armenian folk medicine. In Armenia, research into obtaining beverages from the generative organs of the black elderberry plant is at an early stage. The aim of the study is to identify methods for obtaining products from the generative organs of black elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.), taking into account the biological properties of the plant cell. Thus, our proposed method for obtaining beverages from the generative organs of black elderberry plants has a number of advantages: a wide range of beverage applications with comparative product safety; lower risk of changes in taste over a long period of time under the influence of environmental factors; the pH level of the resulting liquid product does not change for three years, which is the most important indicator of the stability of the quality and safety of the beverage; no artificial additives; no heat treatment; the beverage production process is simplified, one-stage; beverages are available for the general public to prepare; the finished beverage has a low cost price.
Evaluation of factors in the transportation of melons by railway
Authors: Tursunkhodjaeva Rashida , Saidivaliev Shukhrat
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a methodology for assessing the influence of microbiological and transport factors on the preservation of the quality of melons during their transportation by rail. The study covers key aspects such as the effect of temperature, humidity and packaging conditions on the growth of microorganisms that contribute to product spoilage. The methodology includes a comprehensive study of various stages of transportation, as well as monitoring of the microbiological condition of products during transportation. The results of the analysis make it possible to identify critical points at which measures must be taken to improve storage and transportation conditions. The practical application of the developed recommendations can help reduce losses and ensure high quality of melons on the market, which is important for both producers and consumers.
Biotechnology and its contribution to the agricultural economy: Using microbes for increasing crop yields
Authors: Nazarova Nadezhda , Sazhneva Lioubov , Sakhbieva Amina , Kokhreidze Murman
Published: December 2024

The article analyses the significant role of biotechnology in the development of the agricultural economy, focusing on the use of microorganisms to increase crop yields. Biotechnology based on interaction with microbes represents an innovative approach that contributes to sustainable agriculture and optimization of production processes. The article elaborates on the various applications of microorganisms, including the use of nitrogen-fixing bacteria to increase soil nutrient content, phosphate-mobilizing microbes, and microorganisms involved in pathogen suppression and plant defense against diseases and stressors. Special attention is paid to biological fertilizers and biopesticides, which help to reduce the use of chemical agents, which in turn reduces harmful effects on the environment and human health. The prospects for using microbes to increase plant resistance to climate change, improve soil structure and quality, and optimize water use are discussed. The paper also analyses the economic benefits of microbial biotechnology in the agricultural sector, including reduced costs of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, as well as increased efficiency of agricultural production through increased yields. Successful examples of microbial technologies in agriculture and their contribution to global food security are highlighted. In conclusion, it is emphasized that the use of microorganisms in agriculture is a promising area that can not only increase yields and product quality, but also make a significant contribution to the sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex.
Scientific justification for the selection of vegetable crops of the cruciferous family for the design of functional dairy products
Authors: Peysakhov Mark , Dunchenko Nina , Yankovskaya Valentina
Published: December 2024

This article is devoted to the study of the possibility of using domestic vegetable crops of the Cruciferous family (white cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, kohlrabi, Brussels sprouts, red cabbage, Savoy cabbage, Chinese cabbage and turnip) as a source of essential food components based on the results of analysis of the nutrient composition. New data were obtained on the content of basic nutrients, water- and fat- soluble vitamins, micro- and macroelements and amino acids in samples of vegetable crops of the Cruciferous family. It was found that the highest content of protein and carbohydrates was observed in samples of Brussels sprouts (3.4 and 3.4%), broccoli (2.8 and 8.9%) and cauliflower (1.9 and 4.9%). It was found that the largest amount of vitamins is contained in Brussels sprouts and broccoli. According to the results of the amino acid composition of broccoli samples, it is distinguished by a variety of essential and non-essential amino acids with increased content in accordance with daily consumption standards: methionine 0.04 (2.1%), cystine 0.03 (1.6%), phenylalanine 0.12 (2.7%), aspartic 0.33 (2.7%), glutamine 0.4 (4.0%); glycine 0.09 (2.5%), serine 0.12 (1.5%). The research results obtained show the possibility of increasing the nutritional value of dairy products by adding cruciferous vegetables to expand the range of dairy products enriched with functional food ingredients. In particular, the choice of broccoli and Brussels sprouts for designing technology and modeling the composition of new dairy products with functional ingredients was scientifically justified. The data obtained allow us to consider vegetable products of the Russian agro- industrial complex as raw materials rich in essential food ingredients when creating new competitive dairy products.
Digital transformation modeling for agricultural land irrigation
Authors: Grankina Viktoriya , Vasilyev Denis
Published: December 2024

The paper defines the importance of using software solutions to manage the process of agricultural land reclamation. Effective implementation of such a process ensures high yields of plant crops while preserving soil properties, ecosystem biodiversity and reducing the negative impact on the environment. This requires control and monitoring of numerous factors, most of which are random in nature. Designing a software product that provides constant and objective monitoring of the state of agricultural land is the purpose of this work. The use of system analysis methods made it possible to establish the key factors affecting the changes in the states of plants in their growing season, and based on this to formulate the functional possibilities of the intelligent system. Based on this, a functional model demonstrating the processes of transformation of data flows and control at each stage of functioning of the designed software product was developed. In addition, the main categories of users for whom the functional possibilities of the intelligent system are available have been defined.
The relative hydraulic conductivity model of soil “Guelph Loam”
Authors: Terleev Vitaly , Lazarev Victor , Moiseev Kirill , Dunaeva Elisaveta , Nikonorov Aleksandr
Published: December 2024

The relevance of the study is closely related to the urgent demands of society for the development of technologies that allow saving water resources, as well as agrochemicals when cultivating agricultural crops on irrigated lands. The goal outlined by the authors is to fill in the missing ideas about the physical nature of the interactions of the solid and liquid phases of the soil for the development of hydraulic functions, such as its moisture conductivity. The subject of the study is the most important patterns that control the water-physical properties of the soil. The research method is mathematical modelling. The work uses the proposed original function of soil moisture conductivity, which has parameters that allow interpretation. The correlation estimates of the modelling results and experimental data from the literature are given. Two options for setting the exponential parameter of the moisture conductivity function are discussed, including an option that allows eliminating the possible undesirable methodological effect of crossing the scanning and main branches of hysteresis of the water physical properties of the soil. The method has potential for effective application in precision irrigated agriculture.
Physically based method for determining the Hausdorff’s topological dimension of capillary-porous media
Authors: Moiseev Kirill , Terleev Vitaly , Dunaeva Elisaveta , Nikonorov Aleksandr
Published: December 2024

The soil structure the solid phase and pore space of the soils are a set of self-similar parts of each other at different levels ( for example, on level aggregates, micro-aggregates or elementary particles of soil). Fractal models of the soil structure best describe this spatial composition of soils. For a quantitative description of the soil structure, the dimension Hausdorff (D) is adopted, based on the premise different of scales in the soil structure. The existing methodology for determining the Hausdorff dimension using computational methods represents a series of labor- intensive operations including either special analysis of images or tomograms, or production of analyzes such as dry sieving and soil granulometric analysis. The development of less labor-intensive algorithms for determining the Hausdorff dimension is relevant. The direct, physical method for determining the parameters of the structure of the object of study presented in the work is preferable to the calculation method. The testing of the method proposed in the work consists in comparing the results of determining the values of the Hausdorff dimension obtained by the generally accepted methodology and the method for determining D by moisture filtration. The research results are summarized in a table and show almost complete convergence of the Hausdorff dimension values obtained on the different methodologies basis.
Aggregate analysis of dark chestnut soil in irrigated and rain-fed conditions
Authors: Podovalova Svetlana , Volkova Natalya , Popovich Valentina , Terleev Vitaly
Published: December 2024

The soil aggregate composition is influenced by a large number of natural and anthropogenic factors, including irrigation. The question of the effect of irrigation with limited suitable waters on soil aggregate composition is insufficiently studied in the territory of the Russian Federation, although world experience indicates that prolonged use of low- and slightly saline waters entails an increase in the content of soil particles with size of less than 0.25 mm. According to the results of aggregate composition analysis the structural condition of dark chestnut soil in rain- fed conditions and in irrigation with limited suitable waters with similar agricultural techniques for cultivating crops was identified as good. The site–averaged content of soil particles with size of 0.25–10 mm in irrigated conditions was 67.8 %, and in rain-fed conditions – 63.9 %, and content of water resistant aggregates with size of more than 0.25 mm were 57.7 and 49.8 %, respectively.
A device for gas dynamic loosening of the soil under the arable layer
Authors: Tajiev Rasuljon , Erkaboev Khusniddin
Published: December 2024

The article introduces an innovative method for deep loosening of subsoil layers by harnessing the energy generated from detonation waves. This groundbreaking approach aims to improve soil structure and facilitate better water and nutrient penetration, ultimately enhancing agricultural productivity. The authors have meticulously designed and validated the parameters of a specialized device that operates non-contact, which allows for precise manipulation of the subsoil without direct physical interference. The research delves into the mechanics of soil destruction when subjected to the intense forces of a detonation wave, providing detailed models that illustrate the process. Additionally, the article outlines the rate of penetration achieved through this method and describes the formation of wells as a result of the controlled soil disruption. This technique not only promises to revolutionize traditional soil management practices but also offers potential applications in various fields, including environmental restoration and construction, contributing to more sustainable and efficient land use.
Application of GIS-technologies in studying the hydrogeochemical zonation of groundwater (on the example of the Navoi region)
Authors: Abdullaev Bakhromjon , Abdullaev Botirjon , Ruziev Ilkhom , Dadajonov Boburjon , Ibragimova Zaytuna
Published: December 2024

One of the most principal issues in regional hydrogeochemistry is the study of hydrogeochemical zonality of groundwater. This phenomenon is manifested in regular and systematic changes in the chemical composition and mineralization of groundwater, varying by geographic area and depth. Understanding these regularities is not just academically significant; it enables critical applications in resource management and environmental protection. By studying the alterations in the chemical composition of groundwater, researchers can elucidate the origins and formation processes of various groundwater systems. Additionally, this knowledge provides valuable insights for the targeted exploration of groundwater sources with diverse compositions. It also aids in predicting potential changes in both chemical composition and mineralization within different geological structures over time. This project encompasses the development of a Geographic Information System (GIS), where selected observation points are mapped, thereby facilitating the construction of detailed layer-by-layer geochemical maps. Such tools are essential for visualizing and interpreting the complexities of groundwater chemistry across the region [1].
Thermal defluorinated phosphates based on phosphorites of the Central Kyzylkum
Authors: Kaxarov Erkinjon , Kurbanova Sevara , Mirzakulov Gulomkodir , Qurbonova Umida , Hasanov Azamat , Saydaliyev Otabek
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the defluorination of phosphates derived from the Central Kyzylkum phosphorites through heat treatment processes. The research focuses on the thermal decomposition of fluorine-containing compounds in the phosphorites, aiming to produce defluorinated phosphates suitable for industrial applications. The influence of various temperatures and time durations on the efficiency of fluorine removal is examined. The study also explores the resulting chemical composition and potential uses of the defluorinated product, particularly in fertilizers. Results indicate that optimal heat treatment conditions can significantly reduce fluorine content, enhancing the utility of Kyzylkum phosphorites in various sectors.
Dynamics of CO2 emission when introducing fallow lands into circulation
Authors: Bobrenko Igor , Goman Natalia , Drofa Olga , Bobrenko Elena , Kadermas Irina
Published: December 2024

The results of CO2 flows variability from fallow land soils, when they are introduced into circulation in the Western Siberia steppe are described in the present paper. The purpose of the research consists in studying the dynamics of CO2 emission by meadow-chernozem solodized fallow solonetzes when they are introduced into circulation with the use of various technologies. The research was carried out in Tarsky district of the Omsk region in 2023. The soil type: meadow-chernozem solodized solonetz (medium, low-sodium, columnar); slightly loamy and medium- degree loamy in terms of granulometric composition; and low-sodium content in terms of exchangeable-sodium content (7-15.5% of cation- exchange capacity (CEC)). Solonetz is an alkali soil characterized by low degree of soda-sulfate salini-zation. Based on obtained data for carbon dioxide emission from the soil of key land plots, the authors developed models of CO2 emission from soil depending on a technology used to introduce the fallow land into circulation on the solonetz. Significant correlation (r ˃ 0.50) throughout a year were obtained for emission (E) by key land plots with soil temperature. Moisture content of soil exerted lesser-degree influence on emission value. Agrotechnical technology for introducing fallow lands into circulation contributed to higher CO2 emission than the combined one. Compared to the reference land plot, CO2 emission increased by 1.17 times when using agrotechnical technology and by 1.09 times when using combined technology.
Snow thermal state monitoring at the observation site of Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU) in 2024
Authors: Frolov D.M. , Gagarin V.E. , Koshurnikov A.V. , Rzhanitsyn G.A. , Sidorova T.A.
Published: December 2024

The 2023 climate report suggests that there may be rising greenhouse gas levels, record global temperatures and significant glacier melt. The summer of 2024 saw some of the highest temperatures on record in the Northern Hemisphere, with Moscow experiencing its warmest September in 150 years and an unusually dry climate. Snow observations at MSU involve analysing a number of factors related to snow cover dynamics, including snowfall types, accumulation, and melting processes. Research also encompasses measuring snow density and structure, accommodating uneven terrain, and understanding weather influences on snow and ground thermal state and heat transfer properties. The findings contribute to our collective understanding of the cryosphere's evolution amidst climate change.
Geoinformation modeling of agricultural land transformation
Authors: Klimenko Ksenia , Melnichuk Alexander , Popovich Valentina
Published: December 2024

The article considers the economic and mathematical modeling methods, used to justify the transformation of agricultural land. A study of possibilities of geoinformation modeling methods for assessing the set of conditions that ensure the suitability of land for conversion to particular type of land has been carried out. The structure of geodatabase for conducting geoinformation modeling of agricultural land transformation is presented. Examples of application of geoinformation modeling operations for agricultural land transformation on specific land plots are considered.
Mechanism for the transition to digitalization of forestry enterprises using correlation analysis
Authors: Shanin Igor , Shtondin Anatoly
Published: December 2024

This paper presents the results of a scientific study based on the conducted economic and mathematical modelling. The author's model of key conditions for the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the structure of innovative digital optimization of business processes is proposed. Based on the presented model, an integral indicator for assessing the level of provision of innovative development in the context of the transition to import-substituting products, taking into account the crisis and sanctions, is formed. Taking into account the developed integral indicator, the optimality coefficients of the indicators of the group of forestry enterprises were developed, determining the degree of use of digital resources (Kdrfc) and the optimality of the indicators of financing the digitalization of forestry enterprises (Kfdfc). A correlation analysis of the digitalization data of forestry enterprises was carried out. According to the calculation results, it was revealed that the highest level of correlation is noted for variables (y2i) and (y2.3i), caused by the introduction of the latest production equipment based on the use of modern digital technologies. The largest increase is observed in the pulp and paper industry, with a level of 219112.18, according to the results of 2023, but in comparison with the same base period (2020), a significant increase is observed, where the value of the variable (y2.3i) was 148286.57. The most successful, according to the coefficient of optimality of indicators of the use of digital resources of the group of forestry enterprises in digitalization (Kdrfc), are enterprises engaged in furniture production with a variable (x1.4ij) with an index of 0.235, with (Iael) = 7.412.
Water resources in Kazakhstan: Analysis and challenges of environmental safety
Authors: Kishkenbayeva Zhuldyzai , Sailaubay Erlan , Zhanbossinova Albina
Published: December 2024

This research focuses on the conservation and environmental safety of Kazakhstan’s water resources. Water scarcity is a global issue, and its increase is likely to trigger a chain reaction with devastating consequences, including threats to the world’s population, more than half of whom already lack access to clean drinking water. In Kazakhstan, disruptions to ecosystem stability, compounded by a lack of environmental awareness among the population, undermine sustainable development, regardless of the country’s strong economic potential. Sustainable development in Kazakhstan is not only about oil production but primarily concerns the environmental safety of its population and its social stability. The authors’ analysis of the environmental safety of water resources and the ongoing government conservation programs in Kazakhstan reveals troubling conclusions. Despite the implementation of legal regulations and the establishment of goals aimed at sustainable development, the level of environmental awareness and education in Kazakhstani society remains insufficient. Irregular water usage, the lack of adoption of water-saving technologies, and human activities that contribute to pollution and ecosystem degradation continue to pose significant challenges to Kazakhstan’s water balance.
The impact of anthropogenic factors on aquatic ecosystems: The case of Kazakhstan
Authors: Abenova Gulnur , Atantayeva Bakyt , Akhmetova Raushan , Kulshanova Arman , Smagulov Nurtas , Amrina Minar
Published: December 2024

This article analyzes the impact of anthropogenic factors on aquatic ecosystems. Anthropogenic factors refer to those resulting from human activities. The authors examine factors that negatively affect the environment and the resulting consequences. It is highlighted that mining operations have a particularly detrimental effect, as wastewater from industrial enterprises introduces large amounts of toxic heavy metal compounds into the aquatic environment. The negative impact on aquatic ecosystems is also linked to agricultural production and inefficient irrigation systems. Additionally, thermal pollution, which occurs when excess energy is released during electricity generation, has serious environmental consequences. Water used for cooling is subsequently discharged into reservoirs, further degrading water quality. The condition of water bodies is a pressing environmental issue that requires urgent attention. The authors propose a set of measures to protect and restore aquatic ecosystems.
Assessment of fish productivity of two small Karelian lakes using a balance model
Authors: Syarki Maria , Sidorova Anastasia , Slastina Julia
Published: December 2024

There are over 60,000 lakes in the Republic of Karelia (Northwest Russia). In recent years, this region has been increasingly used for tourism and recreation. The development of amateur and sport fishing increases the relevance of rational use of the bioresources of the lakes in this region. Due to the unique features of their natural potential, lakes Kroshnozero and Urozero are a favorite vacation spot for local residents, centers of attraction for tourists, and fishing enthusiasts. To assess the fish productivity of two Karelian lakes, Kroshnozero and Urozero, the mass- balance model of V.V. Bulyon was used. This model reflects the most general patterns of distribution of organic matter and energy in trophic networks of a lake ecosystem. The model was verified using hydrochemical and hydrobiological parameters of lakes (phytoplankton, zooplankton, and macrozoobenthos biomass) obtained in field conditions over the past decade. Comparison of empirical data with model calculations showed good convergence. It was shown that the adequacy of the model in describing lake processes allows its use as a tool for assessing fish productivity in various reservoirs.
Floodplain-channel complex of the lower Irtysh: Dynamics of flood and fish number
Authors: Chemagin Andrey , Popova Elena , Drabovich Yuri
Published: December 2024

The dynamics of fish aggregation density in the riverbed was studied using the hydroacoustic method during the intensive phase of the hydrological regime of the Irtysh River – the spring-summer flood. The dynamics of fish density with increasing water levels was recorded taking into account the analysis of average values of the indicator for decades periods of May in 2020 and 2021. During the flood period under study, the size of the share of taxonomic fish groups (cyprinids, percids, coregonids- esociids, unidentified) at the family level varied insignificantly, intensive dynamics were noted for the fish density indicator: Fish density decreased with increasing water level. The decrease in the number of fish in the riverbed is associated with their transition to the flooded floodplain of the river of the studied floodplain-channel complex. With a more powerful flood in 2020, the decrease in fish density in the riverbed occurs more intensively than with a less intensive rise in water level in 2021. The significance differences between decades were noted both for the indicator of the total fish density and for the density of taxonomic groups of fish.
Using data mining techniques to identify the impact of water availability in the agricultural sector
Authors: Tynchenko Vadim , Krasovskaya Lyudmila , Kozlova Anastasia , Ermolaeva Olga , Pchelintseva Svetlana
Published: December 2024

This paper comprehensively analyzes the impact of water availability on the agricultural sector, focusing on several key aspects. The study evaluated soil composition and its relationship to crop yields and productivity, as well as the efficiency of different irrigation methods. Special attention was paid to seasonal changes in crop production and their dependence on water resources. The analysis also covered economic indicators, including crop prices and water costs. The used methods of data mining allowed to study in depth the impact of water availability on the agricultural sphere. Correlation analysis revealed that water availability has a significant impact on crop yields and productivity, but this impact is not decisive. In some cases, other factors such as soil composition and agronomic management practices applied played a more important role. Factor analysis identified key factors affecting crop yield, including not only water availability but also soil type, climatic conditions and agronomic practices. It was found that although water availability has an impact on production, it is by no means always the main determinant. The clustering of data showed that there are groups of factors and conditions that together have a complex influence on the results of agricultural production. This confirms that optimization of agricultural activity requires consideration of many variables, not only water resources availability
Fish parasitofauna of the amudarya river delta lakes
Authors: Kurbanova Alfiya
Published: December 2024

The paper deals with changes in the parasitofauna of some fish species of the Amudarya delta lakes. Recent data on the parasitofauna of 8 indigenous commercial fish species of the Amudarya delta lakes in the degraded natural environment (2019-2023) are presented. Impoverishment of ichthyoparasite fauna under the influence of continuous anthropogenic pressure and its causes is shown. Species of parasites with constant high infestation and pathogenic forms that are potential agents of fish diseases in extreme environmental conditions of the region are indicated. The research conducted between 2019 and 2023 revealed a significant reduction in parasite species previously widespread among commercial fish in the lakes of the Amudarya River delta. Anthropogenic factors, such as water pollution by industrial and agricultural wastes, as well as the reduction of water levels in the river due to intensive use of water resources for irrigation, played a decisive role in these changes. A detailed analysis of the factors causing changes in the fish parasitofauna has shown that anthropogenic impacts, including pollution, changes in the water temperature regime and its chemical composition, are causing significant changes in the ecosystem of the Amudarya delta lakes. In the future, this may lead to even greater changes in the microbiological composition of the water and, as a consequence, to the emergence of new epidemics among fish.
Downstream Migration of Burbot (Lota lota) Larvae in the Subglacial Period
Authors: Chemagin Andrey , Volosnikov Gleb , Drabovich Yuri
Published: December 2024

The research was carried out in the Ob-Irtysh basin on the Irtysh River. The studied section of the river is located in Western Siberia in the Tyumen region. The dynamics of the downstream migration of burbot larvae were assessed in the period preceding the spring ice melting. In the river flow, using a stationary trawl, larvae were caught at equal intervals in the morning, afternoon and evening. The research period was 2 weeks (31.03.2023-14.04.2023). As a result of the research, it was established that there were 2 peaks of migration activity and density of burbot larvae in the periods 3.04-8.04 – the first and 10.04-12.04 – the second. The average density values in the specified periods were 0.066 and 0.034 ind./m3, with current speeds of 0.317 m/s and 0.450 m/s, respectively. The body length of the burbot larvae during the study period varied from 3.23 to 3.76 mm. Analysis of the dynamics during the migration period revealed a trend towards an increase in the body length of the larvae during the study period. Over the entire period of research, it was established that migration has a daily rhythm: it intensifies during the twilight period and slows down during the day.
Research on the treatment of oil-polluted wastewater with olive oil production waste
Authors: Abdullayeva Maya , Mammadova Zuleykha
Published: December 2024

Despite the development and use of waste-free technological processes in the oil refining industry, the modernization of oil production enterprises, the improvement of the processes of storage and transportation of oil products, the pollution of water bodies and lands with oil products is quite high. The scientific significance of the work lies in the justification of the possibility of obtaining oil-absorbing sorbents from olive peel and the determination of the dependence of the specific capacity of the sorbent on the initial oil content in water and the amount of the sorbent. The olive groves of “Absheron Olive Garden” LLC are the result of the successful implementation of the concept of the development of the non-oil sector and agriculture in our country, and they are used in the treatment of waste water. The practical importance of the work lies in the development of the production method of oil absorbent sorbents and the development of proposals for the creation of territorial ecological-technological complexes.
Effect of freshwater injection on Jurassic well injectivity
Authors: Krivova Nadezhda
Published: December 2024

The paper deals with the research of mineralogical composition of clay fraction of rock samples, injection of different water in the fields of Western Siberia, analyzed well performance. It was found that the final oil recovery of reservoirs at reservoir pressure maintenance by water injection is significantly affected by the swelling of clay minerals.
Simulation of water supply control on water intakes facilities from underground sources
Authors: Purusova Irina , Chizhik Konstantin , Tolstoy Mikhail , Popova Ekaterina
Published: December 2024

Consideration is given to the enhancement of mathematical modeling of water supply regulation by subterranean water intake structures. The examination of publications using a mathematical model of how subterranean water intake structures function revealed that there hasn't been enough research done on how to solve problems when there is ambiguity and incompleteness of the initial data. A mathematical model of the functioning of the existing water intake facilities from Voronezh's underground sources was constructed using the actual characteristics of the interacting system parts. The distribution of water flows is described by a system of linear equations that include chain, nodal balance, and normal equations that create a balance between the inflow and flow of water at each node. A functional restriction is the balanced flow of water through the collecting duct and into the clean water tank. A control model using linear equations is proposed to forecast the submersible pump supply and to realistically assess the optimal joint functioning of the system comprising the well, submersible pump, collecting conduit, and clean water reservoir. An approach is proposed to solve a system of equations for controlling the water flow from wells to a clean water reservoir.
Assessment of changes in vegetation cover of reservoir banks using GIS technologies
Authors: Gapparov Furkat , Abduraimova Dilbar , Khaydarov Aziz , Atakulov Dinislam , Gafforova Mushtariybonu , Yakhshiev Shohzod
Published: December 2024

The article presents the dependence of changes in the vegetation cover of reservoir banks on geographical location, the area of shallow water depths up to 2 meters at the NPA and the configuration of the object. The analysis was carried out with the help of GIS technologies and maps were created to visualize the change in vegetation cover of reservoirs. Shurtna, Charvak and Kapchagai reservoirs were selected as objects. The results showed that temperature, location, shape, soil and water composition of the reservoir play a major role in overgrowth. It was also revealed that aquatic plants are adapted to seasonal temperature fluctuations. In spring and summer, when water temperature increases, active growth of aquatic vegetation begins. In fall and winter, when temperatures decrease, plant growth slows down and some species may go dormant. Landsat OLI satellite imagery was used to collect the data. This high-resolution satellite captures objects at 30 m/pixel resolution and has 11 spectral layers. These layers and resolutions allow large objects to be analyzed at high resolution
Prospective methods of improving productivity in mechanical processing of agricultural parts
Authors: Khusanov Yunusali , Alimjonova Gulnoza , Usmonov Mamur , Nazarova Gulsanam , Gapparov Qodir , Mirzamaxmudova Nilufar , Mamayusupov Jamshid
Published: December 2024

The comprehensive analysis of existing literature reveals that the effective utilization of cooling and lubricating fluids plays a critical role in enhancing the efficiency of mechanical machining processes. These fluids not only facilitate the removal of chips but also significantly influence the accuracy of the surface finishes achieved. As such, they directly impact key technological parameters, including the cutting speed and feed rate, which are vital for optimizing machining operations. Research indicates that the incorporation of cooling and lubrication strategies leads to improved surface quality and dimensional accuracy of the machined components. This enhancement is accompanied by an increase in cutting capacity, which ultimately boosts productivity. Furthermore, the process of deburring is recognized as another crucial factor in refining surface quality and precision. Consequently, establishing the optimal cutting speed and feed rate emerges as a pivotal focus for process optimization, underscoring the interconnected nature of these parameters in achieving superior machining outcomes.