bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MXene derivatives for energy storage applications
Authors: He Shiyu , Zhu Qizhen , Soomro Razium Ali , Xu Bin
Published: July 2020

A review based on the preparation strategies of various MXene derivatives and their applications in the field of energy storage.
Drop impact on hot plates: contact times, lift-off and the lamella rupture
Authors: Lee Sang-Hyeon , Harth Kirsten , Rump Maaike , Kim Minwoo , Lohse Detlef , Fezzaa Kamel , Je Jung Ho
Published: July 2020

Reliable contact and rebound times of liquid drops impacting on hot plane substrates are measured by a new high-speed X-ray refraction method and optically by TIR. Lamella rupture reduces the contact duration at intermediate temperatures.
Introduction to Active Matter
Authors: Das Moumita , Schmidt Christoph F. , Murrell Michael
Published: July 2020

Moumita Das, Michael Murrell and Christoph Schmidt introduce the Soft Matter collection on active matter.
Voltage-tunable portable power supplies based on tailored integration of modularized silicon photovoltaics and printed bipolar lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Kim Jung-Hui , Hwang Inchan , Kim Se-Hee , Park Jeonghwan , Jin Wonjoo , Seo Kwanyong , Lee Sang-Young
Published: July 2020

Voltage-tunable, all-day operating portable power supplies based on tailored integration of silicon photovoltaics and bipolar lithium-ion batteries are demonstrated with a wide voltage window, high overall efficiency, and stable cyclability.
Highly efficient self-healing materials with excellent shape memory and unprecedented mechanical properties
Authors: Chen Chaoxian , Chen Siwen , Guo Zhihao , Hu Wanruo , Chen Zhangpei , Wang Jiwei , Hu Jianshe , Guo Jing , Yang Liqun
Published: July 2020

Novel dual-physical cross-linked elastomers with unprecedented mechanical, highly efficient self-healing, and excellent shape memory properties are designed, which will offer new guild for future body-sensors, stimulating reactive and wound healing.
A simple PVA/Cu(OAc)2 thermogel with an inherent near-infrared light response and its applications in smart windows and photoresistors
Authors: Zhang Hao , Hao Jie , Yu Xia , Wu Jianqiao , Li Jiawei , Li Min-Hui , Hu Jun
Published: July 2020

A PVA/Cu(OAc)2 thermogel with an inherent NIR photothermal response was prepared, and its applications in smart windows and photoresistors were explored.
Lithium oxidation and electrolyte decomposition at Li-metal/liquid electrolyte interfaces
Authors: Ospina-Acevedo Francisco , Guo Ningxuan , Balbuena Perla B.
Published: July 2020

We examine the evolution of events occurring when a Li metal surface is in contact with a 2 M solution of a Li salt, via classical molecular dynamics simulations with a reactive force field allowing bond breaking and bond forming.
Correlated migration of ions in a 2D heterostructure anode: guaranteeing a low barrier for a high site occupancy
Authors: Song Dong-Xing , Ma Wei-Gang , Zhang Xing
Published: July 2020

The present study shows that ion migrations in a heterostructure mainly obey a correlated mechanism, which can guarantee a low barrier for various ion occupancies.
Boosting the anchoring and catalytic capability of MoS2 for high-loading lithium sulfur batteries
Authors: Xu Zheng-Long , Onofrio Nicolas , Wang Jian
Published: July 2020

The limit of polysulfides anchoring and the catalytic capability of MoS2 is approached by the design of 1T MoS2 nanodots.
A high rate and long cycling life lithium metal anode with a self-repairing alloy coating
Authors: Liu Shan , Zhao Qianqian , Zhang Xinyue , Liu Jingyue , Dai Lei , Wang Ling , Luo Jiayan
Published: July 2020

Li metal is regarded as the best candidate for anode materials because of its high theoretical capacity and negative electrode potential.
Surfactant-free liquid-exfoliated copper hydroxide nanocuboids for non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose detection
Authors: Lynch Peter J. , Amorim Graf Aline , Ogilvie Sean P. , Large Matthew J. , Salvage Jonathan P. , Dalton Alan B.
Published: July 2020

Effect of hydrogen bonding parameter on concentration (left) and chronoamperometry of sequential addition of glucose (right).
Rapid quantitative determination of fentanyl in human urine and serum using a gold-based immunochromatographic strip sensor
Authors: Lei Xianlu , Xu Xinxin , Liu Liqiang , Kuang Hua , Xu Liguang , Hao Changlong , Xu Chuanlai
Published: July 2020

In this study, an ultrasensitive monoclonal antibody (mAb) was prepared and used to develop an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) and a colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic strip (CG-ICS) for the analysis of fentanyl in urine and serum.
Phosphorylcholine- and cation-bearing copolymer coating with superior antibiofilm and antithrombotic properties for blood-contacting devices
Authors: Zhang Fanjun , Yang Li , Hu Cheng , Li Linhua , Wang Jingyu , Luo Rifang , Wang Yunbing
Published: July 2020

The phosphorylcholine- and cation-bering copolymer coating endowed the blood-contacting devices with superior antibiofilm and antithrombotic ability.
Optimization of oxygen vacancy concentration in HfO2/HfOx bilayer-structured ultrathin memristors by atomic layer deposition and their biological synaptic behavior
Authors: Liu Chang , Zhang Chun-Chen , Cao Yan-Qiang , Wu Di , Wang Peng , Li Ai-Dong
Published: July 2020

Tuning the oxygen vacancy concentration in HfO2/HfOx bilayer-structured ultrathin memristors to simulate synaptic functions.
Recent developments of colorimetric mechanical sensors based on polymer composites
Authors: Inci Ezgi , Topcu Gokhan , Guner Tugrul , Demirkurt Merve , Demir Mustafa M.
Published: July 2020

Colorimetric mechanical (force, pressure, strain, and impact) sensors allow naked-eye visualization of existing structural deformations of a system occurring upon application of a mechanical action.
Polyurethane-coated luminescent dye@MOF composites for highly-stable white LEDs
Authors: Tang Ying , Cao Wenqian , Yao Lijia , Cui Yuanjing , Yu Yang , Qian Guodong
Published: July 2020

A blue-excitable phosphor was obtained by encapsulating pyrromethene 546, pyrromethene 605 and sulforhodamine 101, into the MOF ZIF-8. Utilizing polyurethane as a protective coating, the photostability was remarkably enhanced by 52.54%.
DNA-damage tolerance through PCNA ubiquitination and sumoylation
Authors: Fan Li , Bi Tonghui , Wang Linxiao , Xiao Wei
Published: July 2020

DNA-damage tolerance (DDT) is employed by eukaryotic cells to bypass replication-blocking lesions induced by DNA-damaging agents. In budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, DDT is mediated by RAD6 epistatic group genes and the central event for DDT is sequential ubiquitination of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a DNA clamp required for replication and DNA repair. DDT consists of two parallel pathways: error-prone DDT is mediated by PCNA monoubiquitination, which recruits translesion synthesis DNA polymerases to bypass lesions with decreased fidelity; and error-free DDT is mediated by K63-linked polyubiquitination of PCNA at the same residue of monoubiquitination, which facilitates homologous recombination-mediated template switch. Interestingly, the same PCNA residue is also subjected to sumoylation, which leads to inhibition of unwanted recombination at replication forks. All three types of PCNA posttranslational modifications require dedicated conjugating and ligation enzymes, and these enzymes are highly conserved in eukaryotes, from yeast to human.
Making drugs out of sunlight and ‘thin air’: an emerging synergy of synthetic biology and natural product chemistry
Authors: Stephenson Michael J. , Osbourn Anne
Published: July 2020

Nature has long served as a rich source of structurally diverse small organic molecules with medicinally relevant biological activities. Despite the historical success of these so-called natural products, the enthusiasm of big pharma to explore these compounds as leads in drug design has waxed and waned. A major contributor to this is their often inherent structural complexity. Such compounds are difficult (often impossible) to access synthetically, a hurdle that can stifle lead development and hinder sustainable large-scale production of promising leads for clinical evaluation. However, in recent years, an emerging synergy between synthetic biology and natural product chemistry offers the potential for a renaissance in our ability to access natural products for drug discovery and development. Advances in genome sequencing, bioinformatics and the maturing of heterologous expression platforms are increasing, enabling the study, and ultimately, the manipulation of plant biosynthetic pathways.

The triterpenes are one of the most structurally diverse families of natural products and arguably one of the most underrepresented in the clinic. The plant kingdom is the richest source of triterpene diversity, with >20,000 triterpenes reported so far. Transient expression of genes for candidate enzymes and pathways in amenable plant species is emerging as a powerful and rapid means of investigating and harnessing the plant enzymes involved in generating this diversity. Such platforms also have the potential to serve as production systems in their own right, with the possibility of upscaling these discoveries into commercially useful products using the same overall basic procedure. Ultimately, the carbon source for generation of high-value compounds in plants is photosynthesis. Therefore, we could, with the help of plants, be producing new medicines out of sunlight and ‘thin air’ in green factories in the not too distant future.
Acquisition and Acoustic Patterns of Southern American English /l/ in Young Children
Authors: Chung Hyunju
Published: July 2020

Purpose

The aim of the current study was to examine /l/ developmental patterns in young learners of Southern American English, especially in relation to the effect of word position and phonetic contexts.

Method

Eighteen children with typically developing speech, aged between 2 and 5 years, produced monosyllabic single words containing singleton /l/ in different word positions (pre- vs. postvocalic /l/) across different vowel contexts (high front vs. low back) and cluster /l/ in different consonant contexts (/pl, bl/ vs. /kl, gl/). Each production was analyzed for its accuracy and acoustic patterns as measured by the first two formant frequencies and their difference (F1, F2, and F2-F1).

Results

There was great individual variability in /l/ acquisition patterns, with some 2- and 3-year-olds reaching 100% accuracy for prevocalic /l/, while others were below 70%. Overall, accuracy of prevocalic /l/ was higher than that of postvocalic /l/. Acoustic patterns of pre- and postvocalic /l/ showed greater differences in younger children and less apparent differences in 5-year-olds. There were no statistically significant differences between the acoustic patterns of /l/ coded as perceptually acceptable and those coded as misarticulated. There was also no apparent effect of vowel and consonant contexts on /l/ patterns.

Conclusion

The accuracy patterns of this study suggest an earlier development of /l/, especially prevocalic /l/, than has been reported in previous studies. The differences in acoustic patterns between pre- and postvocalic /l/, which become less apparent with age, may suggest that children alter the way they articulate /l/ with age. No significant acoustic differences between acceptable and misarticulated /l/, especially postvocalic /l/, suggest a gradient nature of /l/ that is dialect specific. This suggests the need for careful consideration of a child's dialect/language background when studying /l/.
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs
Authors: Nowak G. , Luque R. , Parviainen H. , Pallé E. , Molaverdikhani K. , Béjar V. J. S. , Lillo-Box J. , Rodríguez-López C. , Caballero J. A. , Zechmeister M. , Passegger V. M. , Cifuentes C. , Schweitzer A. , Narita N. , Cale B. , Espinoza N. , Murgas F. , Hidalgo D. , Zapatero Osorio M. R. , Pozuelos F. J. , Aceituno F. J. , Amado P. J. , Barkaoui K. , Barrado D. , Bauer F. F. , Benkhaldoun Z. , Caldwell D. A. , Casasayas Barris N. , Chaturvedi P. , Chen G. , Collins K. A. , Collins K. I. , Cortés-Contreras M. , Crossfield I. J. M. , de León J. P. , Díez Alonso E. , Dreizler S. , El Mufti M. , Esparza-Borges E. , Essack Z. , Fukui A. , Gaidos E. , Gillon M. , Gonzales E. J. , Guerra P. , Hatzes A. , Henning Th. , Herrero E. , Hesse K. , Hirano T. , Howell S. B. , Jeffers S. V. , Jehin E. , Jenkins J. M. , Kaminski A. , Kemmer J. , Kielkopf J. F. , Kossakowski D. , Kotani T. , Kürster M. , Lafarga M. , Latham D. W. , Law N. , Lissauer J. J. , Lodieu N. , Madrigal-Aguado A. , Mann A. W. , Massey B. , Matson R. A. , Matthews E. , Montañés-Rodríguez P. , Montes D. , Morales J. C. , Mori M. , Nagel E. , Oshagh M. , Pedraz S. , Plavchan P. , Pollacco D. , Quirrenbach A. , Reffert S. , Reiners A. , Ribas I. , Ricker G. R. , Rose M. E. , Schlecker M. , Schlieder J. E. , Seager S. , Stangret M. , Stock S. , Tamura M. , Tanner A. , Teske J. , Trifonov T. , Twicken J. D. , Vanderspek R. , Watanabe D. , Wittrock J. , Ziegler C. , Zohrabi F.
Published: July 2020

We present the discovery and characterisation of two transiting planets observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) orbiting the nearby (d⋆ ≈ 22 pc), bright (J ≈ 9 mag) M3.5 dwarf LTT 3780 (TOI–732). We confirm both planets and their association with LTT 3780 via ground-based photometry and determine their masses using precise radial velocities measured with the CARMENES spectrograph. Precise stellar parameters determined from CARMENES high-resolution spectra confirm that LTT 3780 is a mid-M dwarf with an effective temperature of Teff = 3360 ± 51 K, a surface gravity of log g⋆ = 4.81 ± 0.04 (cgs), and an iron abundance of [Fe/H] = 0.09 ± 0.16 dex, with an inferred mass of M⋆ = 0.379 ± 0.016M⊙ and a radius of R⋆ = 0.382 ± 0.012R⊙. The ultra-short-period planet LTT 3780 b (Pb = 0.77 d) with a radius of 1.35−0.06+0.06 R⊕, a mass of 2.34−0.23+0.24 M⊕, and a bulk density of 5.24−0.81+0.94 g cm−3 joins the population of Earth-size planets with rocky, terrestrial composition. The outer planet, LTT 3780 c, with an orbital period of 12.25 d, radius of 2.42−0.10+0.10 R⊕, mass of 6.29−0.61+0.63 M⊕, and mean density of 2.45−0.37+0.44 g cm−3 belongs to the population of dense sub-Neptunes. With the two planets located on opposite sides of the radius gap, this planetary system is anexcellent target for testing planetary formation, evolution, and atmospheric models. In particular, LTT 3780 c is an ideal object for atmospheric studies with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).
Rubble Assistant Robot using SLAM
Authors: Patil Priyal , Pol Jayraj , Roy Amarkant , Petkar Sharmila
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we are going to present an implementation of SLAM. This SLAM technology is used for creating a map of an unknown environment by placing a robot. Robot will be interfaced and controlled using Robot Operating System (ROS). We are aiming to create a map of a region where disaster has taken place. It can be used to create a map of the regions where humans cannot reach. In the disaster prone areas it is not possible for humans to check the location of survivors. Our robot will help to amplify low human noise to detect presence of humans under the rubble and to detect them using sensors and then we can mark that location so that rescue team would quickly reach to that location for their rescue, also simultaneous live feed/streaming using normal camera to monitor the area. Here main part is odometry of robot. To calculate odometry, camera and encoders are used. So, SLAM based robots can help in mapping their locations digitally.
Design and Development of Solar Powered Intelligent Irrigation & Water Management System using Data Science
Authors: Saney Atharva , Guha Ayush , Parulekar Amey , Jadhav Sharad
Published: July 2020

India is an agricultural country. Agriculture and its allied activities act as main source of livelihood for more than 80 percent population of rural India. Available irrigation systems are not efficient and lead to wastage of water. Literature revels that there is need to develop automated irrigation system with latest technology. In this paper we are proposing a system which will detect the moisture percentage of the respective farmland and compare it with the provided set point. Based on the difference our machine learning algorithms will decide how long the water pump will remain switched on, it will then close the pump after that particular time and give out final moisture percentage reading and final water level of the water storage tank. Also, there will be a website provided which will continuously show current moisture percentage, amount of water present in the tank, how long water in the tank will last, the usage statistics and predict preferred and non- preferred crop to grow in that particular season. Plus a manual override will be provided for all systems.Usage statistics will consist of a graph showing water usage vs day. System display will show amount of water used vs date and below that the median and mode of the outcomes will also be indicated. Proposed in-house designed system has potential to provide the list of preferred and non-preferred crops.
A novel approach to ensemble MLP and random forest for network security
Authors: Deore Bhushan , Kyatham Aditya , Narkhede Shubham
Published: July 2020

The following paper provides a novel approach for Network Intrusion Detection System using Machine Learning and Deep Learning. This approach uses two MLP (Multi-Layer Perceptron) models one having 3 layers and other having 6 layers. Random Forest is also used for classification. These models are ensembled in such a way that the final accuracy is boosted and also the testing time is reduced. Researchers have implemented various ways for the ensemble of multiple models but we are using contradiction management concept to ensemble machine learning models. Contradiction Management concept means if two machine learning models are contradicting in their decisions (in our case 3-layer MLP and Random Forest), then the third model’s (6-layer MLP) decision is considered whose accuracy is higher than the previous models. The third model is only used for testing when the previous two models contradict in their decision because the testing time of third model is higher than the two previous models as the third model has complex architecture. This approach increased the final accuracy as ensemble of multiple models is done and also testing time has reduced. The novelty of this paper is the choice and the combination of the models for the purpose of Network security.
A Parallel Environment Designing for OWL Thinking
Authors: Madargi Sanjana C , Ragha Leena R , Mane Vanita M
Published: July 2020

A huge volume of information available today is in the form of images and searching the wanted images is very difficult and highly time-consuming. The search may take longer periods as the search volume on the internet is very huge and also the relevance of extracted images is still not up to the mark. The technologies like ontology and languages like OWL help us to tag the images that describe the semantic of the images. Hence, it helps in faster searching of the wanted images. Also, another challenge with OWL and Semantic web is the speed in which one can derive the relationships between various objects extracted from the images. The challenge is to extract the semantic from the images more efficiently using a parallel approach. In this paper, we explore the different techniques for generating semantic knowledge using parallel approaches like the T-box approach, merge classification, extract concept for matching ontology. We propose an enhanced method to speed-up the computation by combining T-box and merge classification techniques.
Optimization of Data using Artificial Bee Colony Optimization with Map Reduce
Authors: Patil Parikshit , Mhatre Hrishikesh , Patil Ruchita , Shinde Apurva , Joshi Bharti
Published: July 2020

We are developing an idea through this paper which would give any question the perfect and best answer. Existing system is not capable of classifying according to different patterns. This compromises with efficiency of the system and quality of final result. In this project Parallel Clustering optimization method is formed by amalgamation of Map-Reduce with Ant Bee Colony Optimization Technique for improving the efficiency and success of the data science method. In addition, related running services on a Hadoop network are predicted with the help of Map Reduce algorithm.
Supply Chain of Relief Materials using Blockchain
Authors: Bhatelia Jeet , Pandita Sagar , Ajmera Abhishek , Shekokar Narendra , Katre Neha
Published: July 2020

Blockchain serves as an immutable ledger which allows transactions to take place in a decentralized manner. The proposed solution incorporates the use of Blockchain for Supply Chain Management of Relief Materials after a Disaster. The proposed solution also provides many additional features when compared to the current system like being tamper-proof, providing anonymity and accountability to the users. Our solution incorporates a box-in-box approach whilst keeping tabs via tamper-proof barcodes. Barcodes will be frequently scanned at designated locations. Users also have the facility to track the donated items online through a dedicated website. For blockchain infrastructure, we have used Hyperledger Fabric.
Identification of Anthracnose Disease in Mango Plant Using Clustering and Gray level Co- occurrence Matrix
Authors: Gawand Mamata , Gowda Soumya , Hnade Sonali , Mahadik Pooja , Dere Prajakta
Published: July 2020

The aim of this paper is to help farmers to identify disease without observing each and every mango plant by eyes. Farmers can use the pesticides according to the leaf disease identified. For identification of this leaf disease K-means clustering and GLCM (Gray level co-occurrence matrix) technique are used. Affected areas of the leaf are identified more accurately by using K-means clustering. GLCM is used to get the texture features which help for identifying the mango leaf disease. The signs of the diseases on the leaf should be identified at the early for the growth of productivity in mango plant, for this leaf disease identification is important.
Optimization of fatigue strength of selective inhibition sintered polyamide 12 parts using RSM
Authors: Sisay Mesfin , Balasubramanian Esakki
Published: July 2020

Selective inhibition sintering (SIS) is a powder based that fabricate functional parts through fusion of powder bed on a layer by layer basis. Being a new fabrication method, the correlation between process variables and part properties are not fully comprehended. Polyamide 12 (nylon 12) is one of the widely used materials in powder based AM processes including SIS. Therefore, in this work, the effect of critical SIS process parameters on the fatigue behavior of polyamide 12 parts was experimentally investigated, and the parameter settings were optimized to maximize fatigue strength. The number of experimental runs was determined based on Box-Behnken design, and specimens were fabricated as per ASTM D7791. Specimens were tested by subjected them to fluctuating loading at a frequency of 3 Hz. The test results were analyzed using Minitab statistical analysis software. From the ANOVA result, it was identified that the fatigue life of SIS parts is significantly influenced by layer thickness, heater temperature, and heater feed rate. Optimization of process variables settings was performed using the Minitab response optimizer and maximum fatigue strength of 17.43 MPa was obtained. The verification experiment resulted in 17.93 MPa fatigue strength which is comparable to the predicted value and with the result from the literatures.
Knock-Down of Long Non-Coding RNA ANRIL Suppresses Mouse Mesangial
Cell Proliferation, Fibrosis, Inflammation via Regulating
Wnt/β-Catenin and MEK/ERK Pathways in Diabetic
Nephropathy
Authors: Fang Xun , Hu Jun , Zhou Hongyan
Published: July 2020

Aims Our study aimed to investigate the role of long non-coding RNA ANRIL
(lnc-ANRIL) knock-down in regulating cell activities, inflammation and
downstream signaling pathways in mouse mesangial cellular diabetic nephropathy
(DN) model.

Methods The mouse mesangial cells (SV40-MES13 cells) were treated with
high-glucose (HG) to construct cellular DN model. Lnc-ANRIL knock-down plasmid
and control knock-down plasmid were transfected into HG-treated SV40-MES13 cells
as Sh-ANRIL group and Sh-NC group respectively.

Results Lnc-ANRIL expression was significantly higher in HG-treated
SV40-MES13 cells compared with normal glucose-treated SV40-MES13 cells and
osmotic control-treated SV40-MES13 cells. Lnc-ANRIL knock-down suppressed cell
proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis in HG-treated SV40-MES13 cells. As for
fibrosis, lnc-ANRIL knock-down reduced fibronectin and collagen I expressions in
HG-treated SV40-MES13 cells. Besides, the expressions of supernatant tumor
necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
(MCP-1), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-18 were reduced in
Sh-ANRIL group compared with Sh-NC group. Furthermore, Wnt3, β-catenin,
p-MEK1 and p-ERK1 expressions were suppressed in Sh-ANRIL group compared with
Sh-NC group, which suggested that lnc-ANRIL knock-down inhibited
Wnt/β-catenin and MEK/ERK pathways in HG-treated
SV40-MES13 cells.

Conclusions Lnc-ANRIL knock-down suppresses mouse mesangial cell
proliferation, fibrosis, inflammation, Wnt/β-catenin and
MEK/ERK pathways in DN.
Radikale Nephrektomie und Nierenteilentfernung
Authors: Eich Caroline , Giessing Markus
Published: July 2020

Das Nierenzellkarzinom ist der zweithäufigste bzw. dritthäufigste urologische maligne Tumor der Frau bzw. des Mannes mit einem Erkrankungsgipfel in der 7. Lebensdekade. Früh erkannt ist es gut heilbar, sofern der Tumor nicht metastasiert ist. Im Gegensatz zu früher ist bei lokal begrenzten Nierenzellkarzinomen die lokale Therapie (Teil-Entfernung/topische Energieapplikation wie Radio-Frequenz-Ablation oder Kryoablation) die leitliniengerechte operative Therapie, wobei je nach Expertise des Operateurs die minimalinvasive (laparoskopisch/roboterassistiert) oder offene Operation ihre Berechtigung haben. Die verschiedenen Leitlinien setzen hier unterschiedliche Akzente. Bei der individuellen Therapieentscheidung müssen aber insbesondere Alter und Komorbiditäten in die Überlegung einbezogen werden. Dies kann dazu führen, dass auch bei lokal begrenzten Tumoren aufgrund der geringen perioperativen Morbidität eine (minimalinvasive) radikale Nephrektomie an Stelle einer Teil-Nephrektomie zu empfehlen ist oder aber eine aktive Überwachungsstrategie die richtige Behandlungsoption darstellt, ohne die Lebenserwartung des Karzinomträgers zu kompromittieren. Höhergradige Tumoren hingegen sollen – vorausgesetzt es sind keine Metastasen nachweisbar – Indikation zur Nephrektomie sein, auch wenn z. B. Tumorthromben bis in den Vorhof reichen. Mögliche Komplikationen eines operativen Eingriffs sind in aller Regel selten und gut beherrschbar.
Taming Nitrene Reactivity with Silver Catalysts
Authors: Schomaker Jennifer M. , Vine Logan E. , Zerull Emily E.
Published: July 2020

Nitrene transfer (NT) is a convenient strategy to directly transform C–H bonds into more valuable C–N bonds and exciting advances have been made to improve selectivity. Our work in silver-based NT has shown the unique ability of this metal to enable tunable chemo-, site-, and stereoselective reactions using simple N-dentate ligand scaffolds. Manipulation of the coordination environment and noncovalent interactions around the silver center furnish unprecedented catalyst control in selective NT and provide insights for further improvements in the field.

1 Introduction

1.1 Strategies for Nitrene Transfer

1.2 Brief Summary of Chemocatalyzed Nitrene Transfer

1.3 Focus of this Account

2 Challenges in Chemocatalyzed Nitrene Transfer

2.1 Reactivity Challenges

2.2 Selectivity Challenges

2.3 Chemoselective Nitrene Transfer

2.4 Site-Selective Nitrene Transfer

2.5 Enantioselective Nitrene Transfer

3 Summary and Perspective

3.1 Future Opportunities and Challenges

3.2 Conclusion
Palladium/Sensory Component-Catalyzed Homocoupling Reactions of Aryl Halides
Authors: Liu Pengfei , Chai Guobi , Bao Fengyu , Liu Zhikai , Bai Haixin , Zhang Haiyan , Zhang Qidong
Published: July 2020

A novel and efficient catalyst system was developed for homocoupling reactions of aryl halides. The catalyst system consists of Pd(OAc)2 and the peppery sensory component of tobacco leaves. This is the first time that a sensory component has been used in an organic reaction. Experiments using the catalyst system showed that the reactions proceeded smoothly under air in the absence of both an additional ligand and a reductant. Furthermore, the catalyst system can be applied to the coupling reactions of hetaryl iodides. Many functional groups (including a hydroxy group) are tolerated.
Assessment of Serum ST2 Receptor Levels in Female Coronary Artery Disease Patients with LV Dysfunction in Comparison to Males
Authors: Rama Kishore Y. , Lalitha N. , Naveen Kumar M.
Published: July 2020

Background Heart failure is shown to be associated with elevated levels of ST2 levels in blood. The data about the relation of blood ST2 levels, in patients of significant coronary artery disease (CAD) with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction is limited. The impact of gender on ST2 levels not studied until now, so this study aimed to assess the blood ST2 levels measured for males and females patients in comparisons, of CAD with LV dysfunction and their relation to the outcomes at the end of 1-year post intervention.

Material and Methods Out of the 60 patients with 1:2 ratio of females and males with CAD and LV dysfunction, baseline quantitative assessment of ST2 levels in blood was done by rapid lateral flow immunoassay method; > 35 mg/mL was considered as abnormal. Postintervention patients followed up to one year, adverse cardiovascular events noted at the end of 1 year. By using binary logistic regression, the outcomes in females compared with males for statistical significance in relation to baseline blood ST 2 levels. The p value of < 0.05 considered was significant.

Results Among the 60 patients (females 33.3% and males 66.6 %) presented with CAD with LV dysfunction in the study, 40 (66.6 %) patients diagnosed of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and 20 (33.3%) patients with chronic stable angina (CSA). In both the genders, ACS is most common presentation (55% in females and 72.5 % in males). Eighteen (90%) females and 20 (50%) males were hypertensive, 12 (60%) females and 18 (45%) males were diabetics. Twenty-seven (67.5%) males were smokers and 14 (35%) were alcoholics. Nine (45%) female and 14 (35%) male patients had elevated ST2 levels. At the end of 1 year 9 females had events including 2 mortalities, 2 heart failures, and 7 repeat revascularizations. At the same time 7 male patients had events at the end of 1 year including 4 mortalities, 5 heart failures, and 2 repeat revascularizations. The difference in the event rates between male and female patients were statistically significance (p = 0.03). Elevated ST2 levels were correlated with echocardiographic parameter end systolic volume which was statistically significant (p= 0.03). Similarly elevated ST2 levels correlated with presence of diabetes (p= 0.01) and low LV EF.

Conclusion Mean Blood ST2 levels were higher in females who associated with diabetes, high echo cardio graphic end-systolic volume, and a low ejection fraction of LV in severe LV dysfunction with statistical significance. At the end of 1 year in patients with elevated baseline ST2 levels, the female patient had more events than males with statistical significance.
Comparison of Resting Full Cycle Ratio with Fractional Flow Reserve in Indian Population
Authors: Ch Shravan Kumar , Kanumuri Sudhakar , Indrani Garre , Kumar M. Naveen
Published: July 2020

Background From the previous studies fractional flow reserve (FFR) was considered best for hemodynamic assessment of bordersline coronary lesions. In literature, previous studies compared instant wave-free ratio (IFR) with resting full cycle ratio (RFR) which concluded that both were equally effective diagnostically. Studies comparing RFR with FFR are still lacking in number.

So we have done a prospective study comparing RFR and FFR in predominately chronic stable angina patients, whose coronary angiogram suggestive of borderline coronary lesions.

Material and Methods In the department of cardiology in our institution, we have done a prospective study in chronic stable angina patients whose coronary angiogram was suggestive of borderline coronary lesions from March 2019 to June 2019. We recorded RFR value, basal FFR value, and after-adenosine FFR values in borderline coronary lesion patients.

Results A total of 33 patients were included in the study. The study population was predominantly male (93.9%). Hypertension was noted in 81.8% and diabetes was noted in 51.5% patients. We compared RFR and FFR by regression analysis; it suggested that both RFR and FFR were significantly correlated, with p = 0.000. This is true even in subgroup analysis of sex (p = 0.001).

Conclusion From our study, we conclude that RFR may be used instead of FFR for physiologic assessment of inducible ischemia in borderline coronary artery lesions as it is independent of gender also.
Noninvasive Ventilation and High-Flow Nasal Therapy Administration in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations
Authors: Ferrer Miquel , Torres Antoni
Published: July 2020

Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is considered to be the standard of care for the management of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation. It can be delivered safely in any dedicated setting, from emergency rooms to high dependency or intensive care units and wards. NIV helps improving dyspnea and gas exchange, reduces the need for endotracheal intubation, and morbidity and mortality rates. It is therefore recognized as the gold standard in this condition. High-flow nasal therapy helps improving ventilatory efficiency and reducing the work of breathing in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Early studies indicate that some patients with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure can be managed with high-flow nasal therapy, but more information is needed before specific recommendations for this therapy can be made. Therefore, high-flow nasal therapy use should be individualized in each particular situation and institution, taking into account resources, and local and personal experience with all respiratory support therapies.
Paradoxical Increase of Stroke in Patients with Defect of High Molecular Weight Multimers of the von Willebrand Factors following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Matsushita Kensuke , Marchandot Benjamin , Trimaille Antonin , Kibler Marion , Heger Joe , Peillex Marilou , Hess Sebastien , Grunebaum Lelia , Reydel Antje , Kindo Michel , Hoang Minh Tam , Sato Chisato , De Poli Fabien , Leddet Pierre , Ohana Mickael , Jesel Laurence , Ohlmann Patrick , Susen Sophie , Morel Olivier
Published: July 2020

Background Stroke is a major cause of disability after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and stroke prediction models and data are crucially needed. Following TAVR, high molecular weight (HMW) multimers defect of von Willebrand factor (VWF) as assessed by closure time of adenosine diphosphate (CT-ADP) value > 180 seconds is an independent predictor of bleeding events. This study sought to identify predictors of ischemic neurological events in patients who underwent TAVR and the specific impact of HMW multimers defect of VWF.

Methods Patients were prospectively enrolled between November 2012 and May 2018 at our institution. The CT-ADP, a point-of-care measure of hemostasis, was assessed the day before and 24 hours after the procedures. The rate of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) was recorded up to 30 days after the procedures.

Results Of 565 TAVR patients, ischemic stroke/TIA was observed in 21 (3.7%) patients within 30 days. Ischemic stroke/TIA was associated with major/life-threatening bleeding complications (MLBCs) (9 [43%] vs. 88 [16%], p = 0.002) and postprocedure CT-ADP > 180 seconds (10 [48%] vs. 116 [21%], p = 0.01). By multivariate analysis, MLBCs (odds ratio [OR]: 3.58; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.45–8.84; p = 0.006) and postprocedure CT-ADP > 180 seconds (OR: 3.38; 95% CI: 1.38–8.25; p = 0.008) were evidenced as independent predictors of ischemic stroke/TIA.

Conclusion MLBCs and CT-ADP > 180 seconds were identified as predictors for ischemic stroke or TIA. The present study suggests that the defects of HMW multimers of the VWFs may contribute not only to bleeding events but also to thrombotic events.
Perception of Dentofacial Aesthetics in School Children and Their Parents
Authors: Tiro Alisa , Nakas Enita , Arslanagic Amra , Markovic Nina , Dzemidzic Vildana
Published: July 2020

Objective The aim of this research was to examine the attitudes and perceptions of dentofacial aesthetics among different age groups.

Materials and Methods The sample consisted of elementary-school students from the city of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and their parents. This study included 314 subjects: 157 children and 157 parents. The children’s group consisted of 85 (54.14%) males and 72 (45.85%) females, aged 9 to 15 years.

Statistical Analysis Descriptive statistics were used to determine frequency distribution and percentages for all variables. A chi-squared (x
2) test was used to determine the association between variables and a p-value < 0.05 was considered significant for all the differences and associations.

Results For the dentofacial appearance with no teeth irregularity or with severe teeth irregularity, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) (post-hoc tests—Tukey’s HSD) indicated that the difference is not statistically significant (p = 0.06) relative to rank matching between all three subject groups.

For dentofacial appearance with mild teeth irregularity, an ANOVA (post-hoc tests—Tukey’s HSD) showed statistical difference (p = 0.07) between the teenage group of subjects relative to pre-teenage group of subjects and adult group of subjects.

Conclusion Attitudes about desirable and acceptable dental aesthetics differ in younger children compared with older children and parents. Ten years old children find good function with poor aesthetics more pleasing, while 14 years old children find aesthetics with bad function as more pleasing.
Impact of Smoking Status in Free Deep Inferior Epigastric Artery Perforator Flap Breast Reconstruction: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Prantl Lukas , Moellhoff Nicholas , Fritschen Uwe V. , Germann Guenter , Giunta Riccardo E. , Zeman Florian , Kehrer Andreas , Lonic Daniel , Broer P. Niclas , Ehrl Denis , Heidekrueger Paul I.
Published: July 2020

Background Several patient-related factors have been identified with regard to the safety and efficacy of breast reconstructions. Using the largest database available in Europe, the presented study investigated the impact of cigarette smoking on deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) free-flap breast reconstructions.

Methods In total, 3,926 female patients underwent 4,577 free DIEP-flap breast reconstructions after malignancies in 22 different German breast cancer centers. The cases were divided into two groups: nonsmokers (NS) and smokers (S). Impact of smoking on surgical complications, controlled for covariates, and cluster effects within the cancer centers were analyzed by using generalized linear mixed models.

Results Overall, there was no significant difference between the groups of patients regarding the rate of total flap loss. However, the rate of partial flap loss (0.9 vs. 3.2%, p < 0.001) and wound-healing disturbances requiring revision surgery (donor site: 1.5 vs. 4.0; recipient site: 1.3 vs. 3.6%, both p < 0.001) was significantly higher in smokers. Multivariable analysis identified smoking to be an independent risk factor for revision surgery (p = 0.001) and partial flap loss (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion Our findings suggest that successful free tissue transfer can be achieved in smokers despite higher rates of partial flap losses and wound-healing disturbances. However, patients with a history of smoking requiring DIEP flap reconstruction should be critically evaluated preoperatively, informed in detail about the higher risk of complications and encouraged to quit smoking prior to surgery.
Treatment of Recurrent Tracheocutaneous Fistulas in the Irradiated Neck with a Two Layers–Two Flaps Combined Technique
Authors: Pignatti M. , Sapino G. , Alicandri-Ciufelli M. , Canzano F. , Presutti L. , De Santis G.
Published: July 2020

The development of a tracheocutaneous fistula (TCF) is a well-documented complication after tracheostomy, especially in chronic morbid patients, in whom tubes or cannulas are left in place over time, or in irradiated patients.

Surgical treatments are therefore needed which range from simple curettage and dressings to local skin flaps, muscle flaps and, in the more complex cases, microsurgical free tissue transfers.

We present a novel combined technique used to successfully treat recurrent TCFs in irradiated patients, involving a superiorly based turnover fistula flap and a sternocleidomastoid transposition flap.
Spondylo-ocular Syndrome Due to a Novel Variant in XYLT2 in an Omani Patient
Authors: Al-Araimi Musallam , Hamza Nishath , Al-Hosni Aliya , Al Maimani Ashwaq
Published: July 2020

Spondylo-ocular syndrome (SOS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder and affects primarily ocular and spinal tissues. This case report presented an Omani child with a novel homozygous variant, c.2070 G > A (p.Trp690Ter) in XYLT2 associated with SOS for the first time. Oman and other Middle East countries have a high consanguine marriage rate. Our case report will increase knowledge of SOS syndrome to be able to provide genetic diagnosis and counseling for other family members and families as well as prenatal diagnostics for the future pregnancies.
Metal–alloy induced crystallization of amorphous silicon
Authors: Sanwald Philipp , Wang Zumin , Mittemeijer Eric Jan
Published: July 2020

A comprehensive investigation of metal–alloy induced crystallization (MAIC) of amorphous silicon (a-Si) is presented. The crystallization processes in three microstructurally principally different, representative types of metal(-alloy)/a-Si systems, Alx(Ge1−x)/a-Si, AgxAl1−x/a-Si, and AlxZn1−x/a-Si, have been monitored by in situ heating x-ray diffraction (XRD) from 25 °C up to 475 °C, until crystallization of a-Si was completed. The obtained experimental results have been systematically compared to predictions obtained by applications of thermodynamic models based on calculations of interface and crystallization energies for the determination of so-called critical thicknesses and initial crystallization temperatures. From the investigation of the MAIC processes in the metal–alloy/a-Si systems, it has been demonstrated that the crystallization temperature and the crystallization kinetics can be well tailored and optimized by controlling the composition and microstructure of the metal alloys. This research, on the one hand, exposes the fundamental, principal role of interface thermodynamics on the crystallization processes and, on the other hand, opens new possibilities for the growth of technologically important, pure, crystalline semiconductor thin films at very low temperatures, as compared to the crystallization temperature of isolated, bulk semiconductor materials.
Effect of quantum reflection over the barrier on thermionic refrigeration
Authors: Zhang Zeyu , Peng Zelong , Ma Zhongshui , Zhang Chao
Published: July 2020

We study the effect of quantum reflection over the barrier (ROB) in a thermionic cooling device. We find that the performance of refrigerators can be enhanced by the ROB effect if the bias voltage and the lattice thermal resistance of the semiconductor in the barrier region are both sufficiently high. Furthermore, the figure of merit ZT can be higher due to the ROB effect if the workfunction of the cathode is low and the lattice thermal resistance is high. The overall optimum ZT calculated with and without the ROB effect are 6.5 and 7.1, respectively. The origin of the ROB correction to ZT is that the quantum reflection becomes asymmetric for the carrier transport in opposite directions.
Electronic structure and spontaneous magnetization in Mn-doped SnO2
Authors: Naji Aljawfi Rezq , Abu-Samak Mahmoud , Swillam Mohammed A. , Hwa Chae Keun , Kumar Shalendra , McLeod John A.
Published: July 2020

Mn-doped SnO2 is a promising dilute magnetic semiconductor; however, there are many inconsistent reports on the magnetic ordering in the literature. We investigate the magnetic ordering and the local electronic structure in stoichiometric and Mn-doped (with Mn concentrations of 1 at.%, 3 at.%, and 6 at.%) SnO2 using magnetization measurements, Mn L2,3-edge and O K-edge x-ray absorption fine structure measurements, and density functional theory and model Hamiltonian calculations. We find that paramagnetic and ferromagnetic behavior is present as a function of Mn concentration and, in particular, that paramagnetic, ferromagnetic, and antiferromagnetic order coexist independently in Mn(6%):SnO2. Simultaneously, we find that Mn2+, Mn3+, and Mn4+ also coexist in Mn(6%):SnO2. These findings demonstrate the care needed to study Mn:SnO2 and point to the wealth of magnetic behaviors that might be realized with careful control of synthesis conditions.
Influence of edge effects on laser-induced surface displacement of opaque materials by photothermal interferometry
Authors: Flizikowski G. A. S. , Anghinoni B. , Rohling J. H. , Belançon M. P. , Mendes R. S. , Baesso M. L. , Malacarne L. C. , Požar T. , Bialkowski S. E. , Astrath N. G. C.
Published: July 2020

We demonstrate the influence of edge effects on the photothermal-induced phase shift measured by a homodyne quadrature laser interferometer and compare the experiments with rigorous theoretical descriptions of thermoelastic surface displacement of metals. The finite geometry of the samples is crucial in determining how the temperature is distributed across the material and how this affects the interferometer phase shift measurements. The optical path change due to the surface thermoelastic deformation and thermal lens in the surrounding air is decoded from the interferometric signal using analytical and numerical tools. The boundary/edge effects are found to be relevant to properly describe the interferometric signals. The tools developed in this study provide a framework for the study of finite size effects in heat transport in opaque materials and are applicable to describe not only the phase shift sensed by the interferometer but also to contribute to the photothermal-based technologies employing similar detection mechanisms.