bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Band pass filter design against interrupted‐sampling repeater jamming based on time‐frequency analysis
Authors: Chen Jian , Wu Wenzhen , Xu Shiyou , Chen Zengping , Zou Jiangwei
Published: May 2019

The interrupted‐sampling repeater jamming (ISRJ) is coherent with an emitted signal, and significantly limits radar's ability to detect, track and recognise targets. This study focuses on the research of ISRJ suppression for linear frequency modulation radars. A new band pass filter design method based on time frequency (TF) analysis is proposed. A function named ‘max‐TF’ is constructed from the TF energy distribution of the de‐chirped signal, reflecting the changes of the maximum signal component amplitude with respect to time. Based on the ‘max‐TF’ function, jamming‐free signal segments are automatically and accurately extracted to generate the filter, which is smoothed subsequently. After filtering, jamming signal peaks in pulse compression results are suppressed while real targets are retained simultaneously. Comparing with the state‐of‐the‐art filtering method, the proposed method has improved jamming suppression ability and extended the feasible scope of signal‐to‐noise ratio and jamming‐to‐signal ratio conditions. Simulations have validated the improvements and demonstrated how the parameters affect performance. The average signal to jamming improvement and average radar detection rate of the proposed method is about 7.4 dB and 23% higher than those of the state‐of‐the‐art filtering method, respectively. The direction of further works is inferred.
Dynamic field line draping at comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko during the Rosetta dayside excursion
Authors: Volwerk Martin , Goetz Charlotte , Behar Etienne , Delva Magda , Edberg Niklas J. T. , Eriksson Anders , Henri Pierre , Llera Kristie , Nilsson Hans , Richter Ingo , Stenberg Wieser Gabriella , Glassmeier Karl-Heinz
Published: May 2019

Context. The Rosetta dayside excursion took place in September–October 2015 when comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P/CG) was located at ~1.36 AU from the Sun after it had passed perihelion on 13 August 2015 at ~1.25 AU. At this time, the comet was near its most active period, and its interaction with the solar wind was expected to be at its most intense, with ion pickup and magnetic field line draping. The dayside excursion was planned to move through different regions that were expected upstream of the cometary nucleus, and to possibly detect the location of the bow shock.

Aims. The goal of this study is to describe the dynamic field line draping that takes place around the comet and the plasma processes that are connected to this.

Methods. The data from the full Rosetta Plasma Consortium (RPC) were used to investigate the interaction of solar wind and comet, starting from boxcar-averaged magnetic field data in order to suppress high-frequency noise in the data. Through calculating the cone and clock angle of the magnetic field, we determined the draping pattern of the magnetic field around the nucleus of the comet. Then we studied the particle data in relation to the variations that are observed in the magnetic field.

Results. During the dayside excursion, the magnetic field cone angle changed several times, which means that the magnetic field direction changes from pointing sunward to anti-sunward. This is caused by the changing directions of the interplanetary magnetic field that is transported toward the comet. The cone-angle direction shows that mass-loading of the interplanetary magnetic field of the solar wind leads to dynamic draping. The ion velocity and the magnetic field strength are correlated because the unmagnetized ions are accelerated more (less) strongly by the increasing (decreasing) magnetic field strength. There is an indication of an anticorrelation between the electron density and the magnetic field strength, which might be caused by the magnetized electrons being mirrored out of the strong field regions. The Rosetta RPC has shown that (dynamic) draping also occurs as mildly active comets, as was found at highly active comets such as 1P/Halley and 21P/Giacobini-Zinner, but also that determining both dynamic and nested draping will require a combination of fast flybys and slow excursions for future missions.
Is the sky the limit?
Authors: Scharmer G. B. , Löfdahl M. G. , Sliepen G. , de la Cruz Rodríguez J.
Published: May 2019

We discuss the use of measurements of the solar granulation contrast as a measure of optical quality. We demonstrate that for data recorded with a telescope that uses adaptive optics and/or post-processing to compensate for many low- and high-order aberrations, the RMS granulation contrast is directly proportional to the Strehl ratio calculated from the residual (small-scale) wavefront error (static and/or from seeing). We demonstrate that the wings of the high-order compensated point spread function for the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope (SST) are likely to extend to a radius of not more than about 2″, which is consistent with earlier conclusions drawn from stray-light compensation of sunspot images. We report on simultaneous measurements of seeing and solar granulation contrast averaged over 2 s time intervals at several wavelengths from 525 nm to 853.6 nm on the red-beam (CRISP beam) and wavelengths from 395 nm to 484 nm on the blue-beam (CHROMIS beam). These data were recorded with the SST, which has been revamped with an 85-electrode adaptive mirror and a new tip-tilt mirror, both of which were polished to exceptionally high optical quality. Compared to similar data obtained with the previous 37-electrode adaptive mirror in 2009 and 2011, there is a significant improvement in image contrast. The highest 2 s average image contrasts measured in April 2015 through 0.3−0.9 nm interference filters at 525 nm, 557 nm, 630 nm, and 853.5 nm with compensation only for the diffraction limited point spread function of SST are 11.8%, 11.8%, 10.2%, and 7.2%, respectively. Similarly, the highest 2 s contrasts measured at 395 nm, 400 nm, and 484 nm in May 2016 through 0.37−1.3 nm filters are 16%, 16%, and 12.5%, respectively. The granulation contrast observed with SST compares favorably to measured values with SOT on Hinode and with Sunrise as well as major ground-based solar telescopes. Simultaneously with the above wideband red-beam data, we also recorded narrowband continuum images with the CRISP imaging spectropolarimeter. We find that contrasts measured with CRISP are entirely consistent with the corresponding wideband contrasts, demonstrating that any additional image degradation by the CRISP etalons and telecentric optical system is marginal or even insignificant. Finally, we discuss the origin of the 48 nm RMS wavefront error needed to bring consistency between the measured granulation contrast and that obtained from 3D simulations of convection.
Measurements of UHECR Mass Composition by Telescope Array
Authors: Hanlon William
Published: May 2019

Telescope Array (TA) has recently published results of nearly nine years of Xmax observations providing its highest statistics measurement of ultra high energy cosmic ray (UHECR) mass composition to date for energies exceeding 1018.2 eV. This analysis measured agreement of observed data with results expected for four different single elements. Instead of relying only on the first and second moments of Xmax distributions, we employ a morphological test of agreement between data and Monte Carlo to allow for systematic uncertainties in data and in current UHECR hadronic models. Results of this latest analysis and implications of UHECR composition observed by TA are presented. TA can utilize different analysis methods to understand composition as both a crosscheck on results and as a tool to understand systematics affecting Xmax measurements. The different analysis efforts utilizing fluorescence detector stereo, surface detector and fluorescence detector hybrid, and surface detector-only, currently underway at TA performed to understand composition are also discussed.
High energy cosmic ray interactions and UHECR composition problem
Authors: Ostapchenko Sergey
Published: May 2019

The differences between contemporary Monte Carlo generators of high energy hadronic interactions are discussed and their impact on the interpretation of experimental data on ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) is studied. Key directions for further model improvements are outlined. The prospect for a coherent interpretation of the data in terms of the UHECR composition is investigated.
Air showers, hadronic models, and muon production
Authors: Sciutto S. J.
Published: May 2019

We report on a study about some characteristics of muon production during the development of extended air showers initiated by ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. Using simulations with the recent new version of the AIRES air shower simulation system, we analyze and discuss on the observed discrepancies between experimental measurements and simulated data.
CORSIKA 8 – Towards a modern framework for the simulation of extensive air showers
Authors: Reininghaus Maximilian , Ulrich Ralf
Published: May 2019

Current and future challenges in astroparticle physics require novel simulation tools to achieve higher precision and more flexibility. For three decades the FORTRAN version of CORSIKA served the community in an excellent way. However, the effort to maintain and further develop this complex package is getting increasingly difficult. To overcome existing limitations, and designed as a very open platform for all particle cascade simulations in astroparticle physics, we are developing CORSIKA 8 based on modern C++ and Python concepts. Here, we give a brief status report of the project.
Study of muons from ultrahigh energy cosmic ray air showers measured with the Telescope Array experiment
Authors: Takeishi R.
Published: May 2019

One of the uncertainties in ultrahigh energy cosmic ray (UHECR) observation derives from the hadronic interaction model used for air shower Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations. One may test the hadronic interaction models by comparing the measured number of muons observed at the ground from UHECR induced air showers with the MC prediction. The Telescope Array (TA) is the largest experiment in the northern hemisphere observing UHECR in Utah, USA. It aims to reveal the origin of UHECRs by studying the energy spectrum, mass composition and anisotropy of cosmic rays by utilizing an array of surface detectors (SDs) and fluorescence detectors. We studied muon densities in the UHE extensive air showers by analyzing the signal of TA SD stations for highly inclined showers. On condition that the muons contribute about 65% of the total signal, the number of particles from air showers is typically 1.88 ± 0.08 (stat.) ± 0.42 (syst.) times larger than the MC prediction with the QGSJET II-03 model for proton-induced showers. The same feature was also obtained for other hadronic interaction models, such as QGSJET II-04.
Direct Measurement of the Muon Density in Air Showers with the Pierre Auger Observatory
Authors: Müller Sarah ,   for the Pierre Auger Collaboration
Published: May 2019

As part of the upgrade of the Pierre Auger Observatory, the Auger Muons and Infill for the Ground Array (AMIGA) underground muon detector extension will allow for direct muon measurements for showers falling into the SD-750 array. We optimized the AMIGA muon reconstruction procedure by introducing a geometrical correction for muons leaving a signal in multiple detector strips due to their inclined angle of incidence and deriving a new unbiased parametrization of the muon lateral distribution function. Furthermore, we defined a zenith-independent estimator ρ35 of the muon density by parametrizing the attenuation of the muonic signal due to the atmosphere and soil layer above the buried detectors and quantified the relevant systematic uncertainties for AMIGA. The analysis of one year of calibrated data recorded with the prototype array of AMIGA confirms the results of previous studies indicating a disagreement between the muon content in simulations and data.
Transition from Galactic to Extragalactic Cosmic Rays
Authors: Kachelrieß M.
Published: May 2019

The question at which energy the transition from Galactic to extragalactic cosmic rays takes place has been a long-standing conundrum in cosmic ray physics. In the past, the transition energy has been usually associated with one of the evident features of the cosmic ray spectrum: The second knee around E≃5 ×1017 eV or the ankle at E≃3 ×1018 eV. I review anisotropy and composition data and show that they require that the transition from Galacticto extragalactic CRs has to happen early, at few ×1017 eV. As a result, a successful model for the transition should explain the ankle as a feature of the extragalactic CR spectrum. I review briefly such models and their implications.
Origins of Extragalactic Cosmic Ray Nuclei by Contracting Alignment Patterns induced in the Galactic Magnetic Field
Authors: Erdmann Martin , Geiger Lukas , Schmidt David , Urban Martin , Wirtz Marcus
Published: May 2019

We present a novel approach to search for origins of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. In a simultaneous fit to all observed cosmic rays we use the galactic magnetic field as a mass spectrometer and adapt the nuclear charges such that their extragalactic arrival directions are concentrated in as few directions as possible. During the fit the nuclear charges are constraint by the individual energy and shower depth measurements. We show in a simulated astrophysical scenario that source directions can be reconstructed even within a substantial isotropic background.
Progress in the Global Modeling of the Galactic Magnetic Field
Authors: Unger Michael , Farrar Glennys
Published: May 2019

We discuss the global modeling of the properties of the Galactic Magnetic Field (GMF). Several improvements and variations of the model of the GMF from Jansson & Farrar (2012) (JF12) are investigated in an analysis constrained by all-sky rotation measures of extragalactic sources and polarized and unpolarized synchrotron emission data from WMAP and Planck. We present the impact of the investigated model variations on the propagation of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays in the Galaxy
NICHE: Air-Cherenkov observation at the TA site
Authors: Bergman Douglas R. , Tsunesada Yoshiki , Krizmanic John F. , Omura Yugo
Published: May 2019

The Non-Imaging CHErenkov (NICHE) Array has been deployed at the Telescope Array Middle Drum site, and has been collecting data. We see many coincidences with TALE fluorescence mirror events, establishing hybrid imaging/non-imaging air-Cherenkov observation of cosmic ray air showers. We have verified the TALE Profile-Constrained Geometry Fit of Cherenkov events at the 3° level. We have performed hybrid timing fits between NICHE and TALE and have established that the growth in the FWHM of the NICHE signal with the distance of the shower core depends on the height of the shower maximum.
Radio detection of cosmic rays with the Auger Engineering Radio Array
Authors: Huege Tim ,   on behalf of the Pierre Auger Collaboration
Published: May 2019

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) complements the Pierre Auger Observatory with 150 radio-antenna stations measuring in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. With an instrumented area of 17 km2, the array constitutes the largest cosmic-ray radio detector built to date, allowing us to do multi-hybrid measurements of cosmic rays in the energy range of 1017 eV up to several 1018 eV. We give an overview of AERA results and discuss the significance of radio detection for the validation of the energy scale of cosmicray detectors as well as for mass-composition measurements.
Simulation of the optical performance of the Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes
Authors: Pech Miroslav , Albury Justin , Bellido Jose A. , Farmer John , Fujii Toshihiro , Hamal Petr , Horvath Pavel , Hrabovsky Miroslav , Chytka Ladislav , Malacari Max , Mandat Dusan , Matthews John N. , Ni Xiaochen , Nozka Libor , Palatka Miroslav , Privitera Paolo , Schovanek Petr , Thomas Stan B. , Travnicek Petr
Published: May 2019

The Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes (FAST) is a proposed large-area, next-generation experiment for the detection of ultra-high energy cosmic rays via the atmospheric fluorescence technique. The telescope’s large field-of-view (30 ×30) is imaged by four 200 mm photomultiplier-tubes at the focal plane of a segmented spherical mirror of 1.6 m diameter. Two prototypes are installed and taking data at the Black Rock Mesa site of the Telescope Array experiment in central Utah, USA. We present the process used for optimization of the optical performance of this compact and low-cost telescope, which is based on a simulation of the telescope’s optical point spread function.
Status and prospects of the TAx4 experiment
Authors: Kido Eiji
Published: May 2019

The TAx4 experiment is a project to observe highest energy cosmic rays by expanding the detection area of the TA experiment with newly constructed surface detectors (SDs) and fluorescence detectors (FDs). The construction of both SDs and FDs is ongoing. New SDs are arranged in a square grid with 2.08 km spacing at the north east and south east of the TA SD array. Field of view of new FDs overlaps the detection area of new SDs to observe SD FD hybrid events. New SDs are planning to be deployed early next year. The first light with new FDs was already observed on February 2018. Especially the hotspot and energy spectrum anisotropy are expected to be understood in more detail from the implications obtained by the TA experiment.
The GRAND project and GRANDProto300 experiment
Authors: Martineau-Huynh Olivier
Published: May 2019

The Giant Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND) is a proposal for a giant observatory of ultra-high energy cosmic particles (neutrinos, cosmic rays and gamma rays). It will be composed of twenty subarrays of 10 000 antennas each, totaling a detection area of 200 000 km2. GRAND will reach unprecedented sensitivity to neutrinos allowing to detect cosmogenic neutrinos while its sub-degree angular resolution will also make it possible to hunt for point sources and possibly start neutrino astronomy. Combined with its gigantic exposure to ultra-high energy cosmic rays and gamma rays, GRAND will be a powerful tool to solve the century-long mistery of the nature and origin of the particles with highest energy in the Universe. On the path to GRAND, the GRANDProto300 experiment will be deployed in 2020 over a total area of 200 km2. It primarly aims at validating the detection concept of GRAND, but also proposes a rich science program centered on a precise and complete measurement of the air showers initiated by cosmic rays with energies between 1016.5and 1018eV, a range where we expect to observe the transition between the Galactic and extra-galactic origin of cosmic rays.
POEMMA: Probe Of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics
Authors: Krizmanic John
Published: May 2019

Developed as a NASA Astrophysics Probe mission concept study, the Probe Of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (POEMMA) science goals are to identify the sources of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) and to observe cosmic neutrinos above 20 PeV. POEMMA consists of two satellites flying in loose formation at 525 km altitudes. A novel focal plane design is optimized to observe the UV air fluorescence signal from extensive air showers (EASs) in a stereoscopic UHECR observation mode and the Cherenkov signals from EASs from UHECRs and neutrino-induced τ-leptons in an Earth-limb viewing mode. POEMMA is designed to achieve full-sky coverage and significantly higher sensitivity to the highest energy cosmic messengers compared to what have been achieved so far by ground-based experiments. POEMMA will measure the spectrum, composition, and full sky distribution of the UHECRs above 30 EeV to identify the most energetic cosmic accelerators in the universe and study the acceleration mechanism(s). POEMMA will also have sensitivity to cosmic neutrinos by observing the upward-moving air showers induced from tau neutrino interactions in the Earth. POEMMA will also be able to re-orient to a Target-of-Opportunity (ToO) neutrino mode to view transient astrophysical sources with unique sensitivity. This paper discusses the science goals, instrument design, mission profile, and the simulated UHECR and neutrino measurement capabilities for POEMMA.
Scintillator Surface Detector simulations for AugerPrime
Authors: Schmidt David ,   for the Pierre Auger Collaboration
Published: May 2019

Knowledge of the mass composition of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays is understood to be a salient component in answering the open questions in the field. The AugerPrime upgrade of the Pierre Auger Observatory aims to enhance its surface detector with the hardware necessary to reconstruct primary mass for individual events. This involves placing a scintillation-based detector with an active area of 3.8 m2 on top of each existing water-Cherenkov detector in its surface detector array. Here, we present the methods for simulating this Scintillator Surface Detector. These simulations have and will continue to aid in the interpretation of measurements with AugerPrime as well as the development and improvement of event reconstruction algorithms including primary mass.
Prospects of testing an UHECR single source class model with the K-EUSO orbital telescope
Authors: Kalashev Oleg , Pshirkov Maxim , Zotov Mikhail
Published: May 2019

KLYPVE-EUSO (K-EUSO) is a planned orbital detector of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), which is to be deployed on board the International Space Station. K-EUSO is expected to have a uniform exposure over the celestial sphere and register from 120 to 500 UHECRs at energies above 57 EeV in a 2-year mission. We employed the TransportCR and CRPropa 3 packages to estimate prospects of testing a minimal single source class model for extragalactic cosmic rays and neutrinos by Kachelrieß, Kalashev, Ostapchenko and Semikoz (2017) with K-EUSO in terms of the large-scale anisotropy. Nearby active galactic nuclei Centaurus A, M82, NGC 253, M87 and Fornax A were considered as possible sources of UHECRs. We demonstrate that an observation of more than 200 events will allow testing predictions of the model with a high confidence level providing the fraction of events arriving from any of the sources is ^10-15%, with a smaller contribution for larger samples. These numbers agree with theoretical expectations of a possible contribution of a single source in the UHECR flux. Thus, K-EUSO can provide good opportunities for verifying the minimal model basing on an analysis of the large-scale anisotropy of arrival directions of UHECRs.
Dietary niche divergence between two invasive fish in Mediterranean streams
Authors: Gkenas Christos , Magalhães Maria Filomena , Cucherousset Julien , Orjuela Rafael Leonardo , Ribeiro Filipe
Published: May 2019

Clarifying the mechanisms associated with the coexistence of invasive species is important to understand the overall impact of multiple invasions on recipient communities. Here we examined whether divergence or convergence in dietary niche occurred when invasiveLepomis gibbosusandAustraloheros facetuscoexist in Iberian streams. We used stomach content analyses to determine dietary niche composition, width, and overlap in allopatric and sympatric counterparts in the Lower Guadiana throughout the dry-season. The variations in dietary niche between pumpkinseed and the cichlid were consistent with predictions derived from the niche divergence hypothesis. Although there were no changes in the use of plant material from allopatry to sympatry in either species, sympatric pumpkinseed and the cichlid displayed marked shifts in the use of animal prey and a decrease in niche width relative to allopatric counterparts. Moreover, sympatric pumpkinseed and cichlid showed similar niche width but differed significantly in plant and animal prey use. Taken together these results suggest that divergence in dietary niches may play a role in mediating coexistence of multiple invaders in Iberian streams.
Jetlag, schlaflos auf und nach Reisen – bewährte Indikationen
Authors: Bleul Gerhard
Published: May 2019

Homöopathische Differenzialdiagnose von Schlafstörungen im Zusammenhang mit Reisen. Schnelle Mittelwahl aufgrund der psychischen Hintergründe, besonderer Charakteristika und Modalitäten.
Fünf Fälle enttarnt: nicht-muskuloskelettal
Authors: Knorr Hansjörg
Published: May 2019

Bei manchen Patienten ist echte Detektivarbeit notwendig, um zur richtigen
Diagnose zu gelangen. Neuromuskuloskelettale Symptome können unter anderem auch
bei viszeralen Erkrankungen auftreten und so Therapeuten auf die falsche Fährte
locken. Interdisziplinäres Arbeiten ist gefragt, um in diesen Fällen dennoch auf
die richtige Spur zu kommen. Dr. Hansjörg Knorr zeigt an fünf Fallbeispielen,
wie dies gelingen kann.
Roboterassistierte Resektion einer retrorektalen Tailgut-Zyste – erstbeschreibender Videofallbericht einer 27-jährigen Patientin
Authors: Wilhelm Peter , Jansen Kai , Rolinger Jens , Kirschniak Andreas , Axt Steffen , Johannink Jonas
Published: May 2019

Zielsetzung Tailgut-Zysten stellen eine seltene Form perirektaler Raumforderungen dar. Es handelt sich dabei um zystische Hamartome mit zumeist retrorektaler Manifestation und weiblicher Prädominanz. Das maligne Entartungsrisiko ist unzureichend evaluiert und wird mit etwa 2 – 10% angegeben. Unabhängig vom Malignitätsrisiko besteht die Gefahr für Komplikationen durch Infektion, Fistelbildung, Defäkationsstörungen und Dystokie, sodass die Indikation zur vollständigen Resektion gegeben ist.

Indikationen Wir beschreiben den Fall einer 27-jährigen Patientin mit intermittierendem Prolabieren einer rundlichen Struktur bei Defäkation. Der MR-morphologischen und endosonografischen Abklärung folgte die histologische Sicherung mittels endoskopischer transrektaler Drainage und roboterassistierter minimalinvasiver Zystenentfernung im Verlauf. Nach Kenntnisstand der Autoren ist dieser Zugangsweg bislang nicht beschrieben in der Resektion von Tailgut-Zysten.

Methode Unser Video zeigt die präoperativen Befunde einschließlich der funktionellen Diagnostik, die Durchführung der endoskopischen Histologiegewinnung sowie die Technik der roboterassistierten retrorektalen Zystenresektion. Dabei präsentierte sich intraoperativ eine Vollwandläsion der hinteren Rektumwand im Bereich der ehemaligen Punktionsstelle, die sich komplikationslos übernähen ließ.

Schlussfolgerung Verschiedene Zugangswege sind für die Tailgut-Zysten-Resektion beschrieben. Die weiteste Verbreitung ist für den posterioren/sakralen Zugang dokumentiert. Weitere etablierte Techniken sind die abdominale und transrektale Resektion. Eine abdominale roboterassistierte Zystenresektion ist nicht vorbeschrieben. Aufgrund der umfangreichen Erfahrung mit der roboterassistierten minimalinvasiven Chirurgie im kleinen Becken wählten wir die hier erstbeschriebene Vorgehensweise.
Testsequenzen für den Praktiker
Authors: Schulze Elke , Kubat Heike
Published: May 2019

Bei zervikalen Dysfunktionen in Verbindung mit Schwindel stellen Lagerungstests
einen wichtigen Bestandteil der Manuellen Therapie dar. Dieser 1. Teil der
Artikelreihe zu Tests bei kraniozervikalen Nacken-, Kopf- und Gesichtsschmerz
oder Schwindel erklärt die Anwendung und den Nutzen der Tests beim posterioren
benignen paroxysmalen Lagerungsschwindel (p-BPLS).

Der Dix-Hallpike-Test oder der Semont-Test ermöglichen eine relativ zuverlässige
Differenzierung des einseitigen p-BPLS, der sich effektiv mit einem
Befreiungsmanöver behandeln lässt.
A Cut-off Value for Gestational Week at Birth for Better Perinatal Outcomes in Early- and Late-Onset Fetal Growth Restriction
Authors: Beksac Mehmet Sinan , Fadiloglu Erdem , Tanacan Atakan , Mamopoulos Apostolos , Basol Merve , Muresan Daniel , Athanasiadis Apostolos
Published: May 2019

Objective Prediction of cut-off value for gestational week at birth for better perinatal outcomes in early- and late-onset fetal growth restriction (FGR).

Materials and Methods This study consists of 83 singleton pregnancies with FGR that were diagnosed antenatally and confirmed postnatally between January 2017–April 2018. We used the 34th gestational week as a cut-off for early- and late-onset FGR discrimination.

Results Early- and late-onset FGRs were detected in 22 (26.5%) and 61 (73.5%) of the cases, respectively. Expectant management significantly improved birth weight and Apgar scores at the 1st, 5th, and 10th minute in early-onset FGR cases (p=0.001, p=0.019, p=0.002, and p=0.001,respectively). Similar analysis revealed no significant improvements in late-onset FGR (p=0.151, p=0.727, p=0.951 and p=0.477, respectively). Umbilical cord blood gas pH was found to be similar between management modalities in both the early- and late-onset groups (p=0.186 and p=0.456, respectively). Gestational week 33.5 was found to be the threshold for better Apgar scores at the 1st, 5th, and 10th minute according to ROC curve analysis. Percentiles of 4.5, 2.5, and 4.5 were cut-off values for better Apgar scores at the 1st, 5th, and 10th minute, respectively.

Conclusion Expectant management must be the first choice to improve Apgar scores in early-onset FGR cases, and gestational week 33.5 must be considered as a threshold for delivery. Immediate delivery might be the choice in late-onset FGR in necessary cases. However, etiology-based management and perinatal surveillance might also be considered to improve prematurity-related neonatal complications.
Return to Work aus einer zeitlich befristeten Erwerbsminderungsrente
Authors: Köckerling Elena , Sauzet Odile , Hesse Bettina , Körner Michael , Razum Oliver
Published: May 2019

Ziel der Studie Zurzeit wird in Deutschland keine Statistik darüber geführt, wie viele Personen mit einer zeitlich befristeten Erwerbsminderungsrente (EM-Rente) ein Return to Work (RTW) realisieren. Ziel dieser Studie ist es zu prüfen, wie viele Personen, die 2006 zum ersten Mal eine zeitlich befristete EM-Rente erhalten haben, ein RTW erreichten und welche soziodemografischen, gesundheitlichen und beruflichen Merkmale diese Personen aufweisen.

Methodik Der Scientific Use File „Abgeschlossene Rehabilitation 2006–2013 im Versicherungsverlauf“ des Forschungsdatenzentrums der Deutschen Rentenversicherung wurde ausgewertet. Als RTW wurde gewertet, wenn eine Person nach Berentung in einem der 7 Folgejahre an 183–365 Tagen mindestens einer Halbtagsbeschäftigung nachging und dafür wenigstens 8,50 Euro/Stunde erhielt. Die Entwicklungen der Kohorte wurden deskriptiv ausgewertet. Der Zusammenhang von soziodemografischen, gesundheitlichen und beruflichen Merkmalen der Personen und dem RTW wurde durch Cox-Regressionen ermittelt.

Ergebnisse Von der Ausgangskohorte (N=9.789) erreichten in dem Beobachtungszeitraum 5,9% ein RTW. Von diesen erreichten ca. 25% ein RTW in jedem Folgejahr. Im Beobachtungszeitraum verstarben 10,6%, 9,1% gingen in Altersrente und 1,4% erhielten eine unbefristete EM-Rente. Die Regressionsanalyse zeigt, dass soziodemografische, gesundheitliche und berufliche Merkmale der EM-Rentner/innen in signifikantem Zusammenhang mit einem RTW stehen: EM-Rentner/innen im Alter von 18–39 Jahren, mit einer somatischen Rentenbewilligungsdiagnose, einer medizinischen Rehabilitation oder einer Erwerbstätigkeit vor der EM-Rente haben die höchste Wahrscheinlichkeit auf ein RTW.

Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass nur wenige Personen ein RTW aus der EM-Rente erreichen. Es könnte einerseits geschlussfolgert werden, dass die Kriterien für eine zeitliche Befristung von EM-Renten geschärft werden sollten, um dadurch z. B. den Arbeitsaufwand für Wiederbegutachtungen zu verringern. Andererseits könnte auch ein deutlicher Unterstützungsbedarf der EM-Rentner/innen bei der Realisierung eines RTW und ein dafür notwendiger Forschungsbedarf postuliert werden.
Stationäre Diabetestherapie und Behandlung
Authors: Fritsche Andreas
Published: May 2019

In der Gesellschaft und Politik wird Diabetes mellitus oftmals noch als eine Krankheit angesehen, die leicht ambulant zu behandeln ist und nur selten eine stationäre Therapie erfordert. In Wahrheit ist jedoch jeder 4. stationär behandelte Patient an Diabetes erkrankt. Auch die Mortalität von Diabetes wurde bisher weit unterschätzt. Angesichts der demographischen Entwicklung und Zunahme der Diabetesprävalenz, der gleichzeitig sinkenden Anzahl von Diabetesabteilungen in den Krankenhäusern und der schlechten Abbildung von Diabetes im Vergütungssystem in den Krankenhäusern kommt ein großes Problem auf das Gesundheitssystem zu. Dieser Artikel zeigt die Notwendigkeit einer stationären Diabetologie auf und gibt Anregungen zur Behandlung und Forschung von Diabetes im Krankenhaus.
Biomechanical Comparison of Three Crural Fascia Repair Techniques for Tibial Tuberosity Advancement Surgery
Authors: Giangarra Jenna , Lanz Otto , Glennon Joseph , Kobayashi Takayuki , Tarkanian Michael , Tepic Slobodan , Werre Stephen
Published: May 2019

Objectives The aim of this study was to compare the strength of three described techniques for repair of the medial crural fascia to the strength of the intact fascia of the paired limbs. We hypothesized that intact controls would have higher peak loads at failure than repair groups and that the modified Mason–Allen suture pattern would have the highest peak load at failure of the repair groups.

Materials and Methods Canine cadavers (n = 22) were randomly assorted into three groups. Group A: a continuous suture pattern. Group B: five equally spaced simple interrupted cruciate sutures over a simple continuous suture pattern. Group C: an interrupted modified Mason–Allen suture pattern. The mid-portion of the crural fascia was incised in Groups A and C, while Group B used a cranial incision. Contralateral limbs were utilized as paired controls. Tibiae were mounted to a biomaterial testing machine and the medial crural fascia loaded at 10 mm/min.

Results Mean peak load to failure for Group A: 201.0N, Group B: 261.0N, Group C: 306.1N and Intact limbs: 799.5N. Between repair groups, there was no significant difference between peak loads to failure identified. Significant differences were identified between all repairs and intact limbs. All repairs approached a mean of 33.5% (267.8N) of intact medial crural fascia strength.

Clinical Significance All repair techniques met no more than 1/3 intact medial crural fascia strength. Further research is required to continue to evaluate the most clinically appropriate technique to repair the medial tibial crural fascia.
Peripheral Nerve Injury to the Lower Limb: Repair and Secondary Reconstruction
Authors: Thatte Mukund R. , Hiremath Amita , Goklani Mayur S. , Patel Neehar R. , Takwale Anupam B.
Published: May 2019

This article is based on literature review of relevant articles as well as the authors’ own experiences in treating peripheral nerve injuries of the lower limb. The article deals with causative factors of lower limb nerve injuries, various grading systems of the injuries, approaches to such injuries, and techniques to repair lower limb nerve injuries. It also enumerates several reasons to explain the poorer prognosis of peroneal nerve injuries and the possible distal nerve transfers in lower limb albeit with poorer outcomes.
Fachkräftemangel: Hauptsache flexibel
Authors: Kohrs Jens
Published: May 2019

Im Ringen um rare Pflegefachkräfte werden deutsche Kliniken zunehmend kreativ. Flexible Arbeits-zeitmodelle rücken dabei immer stärker in den Fokus. Die teilweise ungewöhnlichen Ideen sollen Mitarbeiter halten, die Kliniken für Teilzeitkräfte interessanter machen und das Image aufpolieren. kma stellt aktuelle Modelle vor.
A calibration method of ultra-short baseline installation error with large misalignment based on variational Bayesian unscented Kalman filter
Authors: Zhang Liang , Zhang Tao , Tong Jin-wu , Weng Cheng-cheng , Li Yao
Published: May 2019

The ultrashort baseline system is widely used in ships and underwater navigation and positioning. The misalignment and level arm with the inertial measurement unit are the two sources of positioning inaccuracy. The accuracy of calibration is usually affected by measurement noise and linearization of the observation equation. In order to improve the calibration accuracy, the variational Bayesian unscented Kalman filter (VBUKF) method is proposed for the calibration of the ultrashort baseline installation error in the paper. The detailed derivation of VBUKF for the calibration is presented in the paper. Simulation experiments and field experiments were carried out, respectively, to verify the algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed method can calibrate the installation error of the sensors in real time on line. The field experiment verified that the algorithm improves the calibration accuracy of the installation error under the large misalignment. The positioning accuracy is also improved compared with the traditional method.
Universal low temperature theory of charged black holes with AdS2 horizons
Authors: Sachdev Subir
Published: May 2019

We consider the low temperature quantum theory of a charged black hole of zero temperature horizon radius Rh in a spacetime which is asymptotically AdSD (D > 3) far from the horizon. At temperatures T ≪ 1/Rh, the near-horizon geometry is AdS2, and the black hole is described by a universal 0+1 dimensional effective quantum theory of time diffeomorphisms with a Schwarzian action and a phase mode conjugate to the U(1) charge. We obtain this universal 0+1 dimensional effective theory starting from the full D-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell theory, while keeping quantitative track of the couplings. The couplings of the effective theory are found to be in agreement with those expected from the thermodynamics of the D-dimensional black hole.
Extended short wavelength infrared heterojunction phototransistors based on type II superlattices
Authors: Dehzangi Arash , McClintock Ryan , Wu Donghai , Haddadi Abbas , Chevallier Romain , Razeghi Manijeh
Published: May 2019

A two terminal extended short wavelength infrared heterojunction phototransistor based on type-II InAs/AlSb/GaSb on a GaSb substrate is designed, fabricated, and investigated. With the base thickness of 40 nm, the device exhibited a 100% cut-off wavelength of ∼2.3 μm at 300 K. The saturated peak responsivity value is 320.5 A/W at 300 K, under front-side illumination without any antireflection coating. A saturated optical gain of 245 at 300 K was measured. At the same temperature, the device exhibited a collector dark current density (at unity optical gain) and a DC current gain of 7.8 × 10−3 A/cm2 and 1100, respectively. The device exhibited a saturated dark current shot noise limited specific detectivity of 4.9 × 1011 cm·Hz1/2/W at 300 K which remains constant over a broad range of wavelengths and applied biases.
Selective lateral epitaxy of dislocation-free InP on silicon-on-insulator
Authors: Han Yu , Xue Ying , Lau Kei May
Published: May 2019

Efficient on-chip laser sources of Si photonics can be built from direct epitaxy of dislocation-free III–V alloys on industrial-standard (001) Si wafers. Here, we report on selective lateral epitaxy of InP on patterned (001) silicon-on-insulators (SOIs) by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. Based on the conventional “aspect ratio trapping” approach, we created undercut patterns to alter the growth front to the lateral direction. Growth of InP inside the nano-scale SOI trenches results in dislocation-free InP crystals right atop the buried oxide layer. The intimate placement of the InP crystals with the Si device layer points to the development of dislocation-free nano-ridges for integration of efficient III–V light emitters with Si-based photonic components on SOI.
Tunable surface wrinkling on shape memory polymers with application in smart micromirror
Authors: Wang Yu , Villada Andres , Zhai Yao , Zou Zhanan , Chen Yizhou , Yin Xiaobo , Xiao Jianliang
Published: May 2019

Surfaces with tunable topological features enable important applications, such as optical devices, precision metrology, adhesion, and wetting. In this study, we demonstrate a facile method to fabricate and control the surface morphologies by combining thin film wrinkling and thermal expansion. This approach utilizes self-assembled surface wrinkling induced by shape recovery of shape memory polymers (SMPs) and localized thermal expansion caused by Joule heating. Recovering the prestrain in the SMP substrate induces global wrinkling of the thin film on the substrate. Joule heating in the SMP by a heating wire embedded in the substrate induces thermal expansion of the substrate in a localized area, which leads to the disappearance of the wrinkling pattern. This effect is reversed when heating is stopped, leading to reversible and repeatable tuning of the surface morphology in a controllable localized surface region. With metal coating, the SMP surface can be switched from specular to diffuse reflectance in response to external Joule heating. Finally, we demonstrate a smart micromirror device with its diffuse reflectance tunable between 13.5% and 81.9% in the visible light region. This approach provides a method to modulate surface diffusivity by controlling its surface morphologies, with potential applications in optical display and optical microelectromechanical systems devices.
Implosion performance of subscale beryllium capsules on the NIF
Authors: Zylstra A. B. , MacLaren S. , Yi S. A. , Kline J. , Callahan D. , Hurricane O. , Bachmann B. , Kyrala G. , Masse L. , Patel P. , Ralph J. E. , Salmonson J. , Volegov P. , Wilde C.
Published: May 2019

Many inertial fusion designs use capsules made of beryllium, as its high mass ablation rate is advantageous. We present the first systematic experimental study of indirectly driven beryllium capsules with a cryogenic deuterium-tritium fuel layer. “Subscale” capsules, 80% of the nominal National Ignition Facility point design radius, show optimal performance with the remaining mass of ∼6–7%. A buoyancy-drag mix model explains the implosion performance, suggesting that fuel-ablator mix is the dominant degradation mechanism. Increasing the capsule scale is predicted to reduce the impact of fuel-ablator mix and achieve high performance.
Cocrystals and Salts of 3,5-Bis(pyridinylmethylene)piperidin-4-one with Aromatic Poly-Carboxylates and Resorcinols: Influence of Stacking Interactions on Solid-State Luminescence Properties
Authors: Das Debarati , Biradha Kumar
Published: May 2019

Two bis-pyridyl-substituted α,β-unsaturated ketones were shown to form complexes with carboxylic acids and resorcinol derivatives. The neutral acid–acid homosynthon was observed in only one complex out of the five acid-bis-pyridyl containing complexes studied here, while the –COO−⋯HOOC– synthon was found to be dominant as it was observed in four complexes. The carboxylates self-assembled to form discrete dimeric, anionic, 1D chains and also exhibited mixed ionic hydrogen bonds. On the other hand, resorcinol derivatives displayed O–H⋯N hydrogen bonding to form tetrameric aggregates of bis-pyridyl ketone molecules and respective co-formers, while 3,5-dihydroxy benzoic acid (DHBA) molecules formed 1D chains by clipping two molecules of ketones with three DHBA molecules. Such clipping by the resorcinol derivatives promoted continuous π–π stacking interactions. Consequently, these materials emitted at higher wavelengths compared with the parent bis-pyridyl-substituted α,β-unsaturated ketones.
Losses and environmental aspects of a byproduct metal: tellurium
Authors: Nuss Philip
Published: May 2019

Environmental contextStudies involving modelling are increasingly being performed to better understand how technology-critical elements such as tellurium are transported and accumulated in man-made technological systems. The resulting ‘anthropogenic cycles’ provide estimates of current and anticipated future material releases to the environment, and their associated environmental implications. This information complements data on natural cycles in which the subsequent transport and fate of tellurium in the environment can be examined.
AbstractGlobal demand for tellurium has greatly increased owing to its use in solar photovoltaics. Elevated levels of tellurium in the environment are now observed. Quantifying the losses from human usage into the environment requires a life-cycle wide examination of the anthropogenic tellurium cycle (in analogy to natural element cycles). Reviewing the current literature shows that tellurium losses to the environment might occur predominantly as mine tailings, in gas and dust and slag during processing, manufacturing losses, and in-use dissipation (situation in around 2010). Large amounts of cadmium telluride will become available by 2040 as photovoltaic modules currently in-use reach their end-of-life. This requires proper end-of-life management approaches to avoid dissipation to the environment. Because tellurium occurs together with other toxic metals, e.g. in the anode slime collected during copper production, examining the life-cycle wide environmental implication of tellurium production requires consideration of the various substances present in the feedstock as well as the energy and material requirements during production. Understanding the flows and stock dynamics of tellurium in the anthroposphere can inform environmental chemistry about current and future tellurium releases to the environment, and help to manage the element more wisely.
Activation of unliganded FGF receptor by extracellular phosphate potentiates proteolytic protection of FGF23 by its O-glycosylation
Authors: Takashi Yuichi , Kosako Hidetaka , Sawatsubashi Shun , Kinoshita Yuka , Ito Nobuaki , Tsoumpra Maria K. , Nangaku Masaomi , Abe Masahiro , Matsuhisa Munehide , Kato Shigeaki , Matsumoto Toshio , Fukumoto Seiji
Published: May 2019

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 produced by bone is a hormone that decreases serum phosphate (Pi). Reflecting its central role in Pi control, serum FGF23 is tightly regulated by serum Pi alterations. FGF23 levels are regulated by the transcriptional event and posttranslational cleavage into inactive fragments before its secretion. For the latter, O-glycosylation of FGF23 by
GALNT3
gene product prevents the cleavage, leading to an increase in serum FGF23. However, the molecular basis of Pi sensing in the regulation of serum FGF23 remains elusive. In this study, we showed that high Pi diet enhanced the skeletal expression of
Galnt3
, but not
Fgf23
, with expected increases in serum FGF23 and Pi in mice.
Galnt3
induction by high Pi was further observed in osteoblastic UMR 106 cells, and this was mediated by activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. Through proteomic searches for the upstream sensor for high Pi, we identified one subtype of the FGF receptor (FGFR1c), which was phosphorylated by high Pi in the absence of FGFs. The mode of unliganded FGFR activation by high Pi appeared different from that of FGFR bound to a canonical FGFR ligand (FGF2) when phosphorylation of the FGFR substrate 2α and ERK was monitored. Finally, we showed that an FGFR inhibitor and conditional deletion of
Fgfr1
in osteoblasts/osteocytes abrogated high Pi diet-induced increases in serum FGF23 and femoral
Galnt3
expression in mice. Thus, these findings uncover an unrecognized facet of unliganded FGFR function and illustrate a Pi-sensing pathway involved in regulation of FGF23 production.