bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GEANT4 Simulation of the Gamma-Ray Total Absorption Facility
Authors: Zou Chong , Luan Guangyuan , Luo Haotian , Zhang Qiwei , Ren Jie , Ruan Xichao , Huang Hanxiong , Wang Zhaohui , He Guozhu , Bao Jie , Sun Qi , Wang Xiaoyu , Kang Mengxiao , Wang Jincheng , Liu Yingyi , Yang Haolan , Chen Xuanbo
Published: January 2025

To fulfill the needs of neutron capture reaction cross-section measurement in the keV energy region in the field of nuclear astrophysics and advanced nuclear energy system development, the 4π BaF_2 Gamma-Ray Total Absorption Facility (GTAF) developed by the Key Laboratory of Nuclear Data of the China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) was transplanted and installed at the Back-streaming White Neutron Source (Back-n) of the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) in 2019. A series of results has been achieved and published based on the GTAF since then, and it has been identified that the need of reducing backgrounds is becoming increasingly urgent. In order to understand the origins of backgrounds and to optimize the facilities, a detailed simulation program using GEANT4 toolkits was established and is presented in this paper. The symmetry in the geometric arrangement of the 4π BaF2 detector array plays a critical role in ensuring uniform detection efficiency and accurate reconstruction of gamma-ray spectra, which is essential for neutron capture studies. To demonstrate the availability of the proven codes, several practical examples of assisting the process of experimental data and helping verify the optimization proposition are also shown in this paper.
Artificial Intelligence-Based Target for Personalized Interventions of Atherosclerosis from Gut Microbiota Signature
Authors: Majumder Suravi , Sen Koushik , Karanjai Rabimba
Published: January 2025

Atherosclerosis remains a major driver for cardiovascular disease (CVD), despite advancements in traditional risk factor management therapies. Recent evidence emphasizes the crucial role of the gut microbiome in the progression of atherosclerosis and plaque rupture, highlighting a promising therapeutic avenue. This review focuses on the intertwined relationship between the gut microbiome, its metabolites, and atherosclerosis and CVD, also highlighting the potential therapeutic role of probiotics and prebiotics. Given the diverse and unique gut microbiota signatures among individuals, a one-size-fits-all therapeutic approach is unlikely to be effective. Personalized treatment strategies are therefore necessary. Here, we discussed how Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be leveraged to analyze individual gut microbiome profiles from microbiome sequencing, predict treatment response, and optimize therapeutic strategies based on individual patients, which would significantly improve outcomes of the treatment for atherosclerosis patients.
Digital Transformation and Innovation Performance in Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises: A Systems Perspective on the Interplay of Digital Adoption, Digital Drive, and Digital Culture
Authors: Wang Shaofeng , Zhang Hao
Published: January 2025

Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) face complex systemic challenges in managing digital transformation while pursuing innovation in an increasingly interconnected business environment. This study adopts a systems theory perspective to investigate how digitalization enhances Innovation Performance by examining the dynamic interrelationships among digital adoption, digital drive, digital culture, and Innovation Performance. Through an empirical analysis of 201 Chinese SMEs using PLS-SEM, IPMA, and ANFIS approaches, we reveal that digital drive fully mediates the relationship between digital adoption and Innovation Performance, highlighting the systemic nature of digital transformation processes. Digital culture emerges as a critical moderator, positively influencing the relationships between digital adoption and digital drive, as well as between digital drive and Innovation Performance. These findings demonstrate how different elements of digital transformation form an integrated system where components interact to produce innovation outcomes. This study contributes to systems theory by illuminating the complex interdependencies in digital transformation and offers practical implications for managing systemic change in SMEs.
Serious Bacterial Infections and Hepatitis C Virus Among People Who Inject Drugs: A Syndemic or Intertwined Epidemics?
Authors: Stopka Thomas J. , Nance Robin M. , Mixson L. Sarah , Spencer Hunter , Tsui Judith I. , Leahy Judith M. , Pho Mai T. , DeJace Jean , Feinberg Judith , Young April M. , Yang Wei-Teng , Baltes Amelia , Romo Eric , Brown Randall T. , Nolte Kerry , Miller William C. , Zule William A. , Jenkins Wiley D. , Delaney Joseph A. , Friedmann Peter D.
Published: January 2025

Limited research has examined the possible synergistic interrelationships between serious bacterial infections (SBIs) of the heart (i.e., endocarditis), bone, spine, brain, or joints (e.g., osteomylelitis) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. We examined whether syndemic interactions existed between SBI, HCV, and substance-use-related factors in rural communities, hypothesizing that injection-mediated risks elevated the likelihood for both SBIs and HCV infections, which could be exacerbated by synergistic biological–biological or biological and social interactions. We calculated the prevalence ratios (PRs) of past-year SBI associated with each risk factor in separate models. Effect modification among significant risk factors was assessed using multiplicative interaction. Among 1936 participants, 57% were male and 85% White, with a mean age of 36 years. Eighty-nine participants (5%) reported hospitalization for an SBI in the year prior to the survey. More than half tested HCV-antibody-positive (58%); 62 (5.6%) of the participants with a positive HCV antibody result reported past-year hospitalization with an SBI. Injection behaviors were correlated with other SBI risk factors, including multiple injections in the same injection event (MIPIE), injection equipment sharing, and fentanyl use. In adjusted models, MIPIE (PR: 1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03, 3.11) and fentanyl use (PR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.04, 2.73) were significantly associated with past-year SBI. Our analyses pointed to co-occurring epidemics of SBI and HCV, related to the cumulative health effects of fentanyl use contributing to frequent injections and MIPIE. Both the SBI and HCV epidemics present public health challenges and merit tailored interventions.
Developing an Effective Therapeutic HPV Vaccine to Eradicate Large Tumors by Genetically Fusing Xcl1 and Incorporating IL-9 as Molecular Adjuvants
Authors: Sun Zhongjie , Wu Zhongyan , Su Xuncheng
Published: January 2025

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a prevalent infection affecting both men and women, leading to various cytological lesions. Therapeutic vaccines mount a HPV-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte response, thus clearing HPV-infected cells. However, no therapeutic vaccines targeting HPV are currently approved for clinical treatment due to limited efficacy. Our goal is to develop a vaccine that can effectively eliminate tumors caused by HPV. Methods: We genetically fused the chemokine XCL1 with the E6 and E7 proteins of HPV16 to target cDC1 and enhance the vaccine-induced cytotoxic T cell response, ultimately developing a DNA vaccine. Additionally, we screened various interleukins and identified IL-9 as an effective molecular adjuvant for our DNA vaccine. Results: The fusion of Xcl1 significantly improved the quantity and quality of the specific CD8+ T cells. The fusion of Xcl1 also increased immune cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment. The inclusion of IL-9 significantly elevated the vaccine-induced specific T cell response and enhanced anti-tumor efficacy. IL-9 promotes the formation of central memory T cells. Conclusions: the fusion of Xcl1 and the use of IL-9 as a molecular adjuvant represent promising strategies for vaccine development.
Application of Machine Learning to Identify Influential Factors for Fecal Contamination of Shallow Groundwater
Authors: Wu Jianyong , Cao Yanni , Islam Md. Sirajul , Emch Michael
Published: January 2025

Understanding influential factors for fecal contamination in groundwater is critical for ensuring water safety and public health. The objective of this study is to identify key factors for fecal contamination of shallow tubewells using machine learning methods. Three methods, including recursive feature elimination (RFE) with XGBoost, Random Forest, and mutual information, were implemented to examine E. coli presence and concentration in 1495 tubewell water samples in Matlab, Bangladesh. For E. coli presence, climatic variables, including average rainfall and temperature over the 30, 15, and 7 days preceding sampling, as well as ambient temperature and rainfall on the sampling day, emerged as critical predictors. Land cover characteristics, such as the percentages of urban and agricultural areas within 100 m of a tubewell, were also significant. For E. coli concentration, land cover characteristics within 100 m, the number of hot and heavy-rain days in the 30 days preceding sampling, average rainfall and temperature in the 3 days preceding sampling, and ambient temperature on the sampling day were identified as key drivers. Random Forest and mutual information yielded results that were more similar to each other than to those of RFE with XGBoost. The findings highlight the interplay between climatic factors, land use, and population density in determining fecal contamination in shallow well water and demonstrate the power of machine learning algorithms in ranking these factors.
An Efficient Photocatalytic Material, rGO-TiO2, That Can Be Industrially Produced: Fabrication and Structural Characterization
Authors: Xiong Nan , Guo Yansen , Nie Yanyan , Yao Yuqing , Ying Zhemian , Zhang Wei , Liu Renduo , Wu Xiaoling , Zhou He , Zhou Limin , Wang Ying , He Jian , Yan Long
Published: January 2025

As a well-known photocatalyst, TiO2 still suffers from rapid electron–hole recombination and limited visible light absorption. To overcome these challenges, the combination of graphene and TiO2 has been proposed. However, traditional methods such as ball milling and hydrothermal synthesis face limitations, including high energy consumption and complex procedures. Here, we develop a simple and industrially feasible method to prepare reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-coated TiO2 nanoparticles, referred to as rGO-TiO2 composites. The optimized rGO-TiO2 composites exhibit an enhanced photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under simulated sunlight conditions, about 99.95% for 4% rGO-TiO2 within 80 min. The first-order reaction rate constant (k) of 4% rGO-TiO2 (0.0867 min−1) is 5.42 times higher than that of nano TiO2 (0.0135 min−1). The key reactive species involved in the degradation process are identified. Additionally, the effects of pH and NaCl concentration on the degradation efficiency of rGO-TiO2 are also investigated. The 4% rGO-TiO2 composite exhibits an excellent photocatalytic activity within the pH range of 3.87–11.89, and the NaCl concentration does not affect its photocatalytic efficiency. After characterization, the enhanced photocatalytic activity is ascribed to the introduction of rGO and the generation of surface oxygen vacancies (OV) and Ti3+ in TiO2 crystals.
Modeling the Used Vehicle Market Share in the Electric Vehicle Transition
Authors: Diouf Boucar
Published: January 2025

The adoption of a new technology is well described by an S-curve. It starts with a slow initial introduction, faster growth, and a final low-pace stage that corresponds to saturation. Once the innovation is introduced and progressively adopted, prior to saturation, some of the initial owners will begin selling their initially owned goods for different reasons, including lack of satisfaction, upgrading to a newer model, or other special unrevealed reasons. In a given market, new and second-hand products will coexist that will find new owners. The evolution of the two qualities of the same product will progress to a given equilibrium and a final ratio specific to each market. With the hypothesis of second-hand goods viewed as a new technology for lower budgets in the market, their adoption can also be described by the S-curve. The questions to be answered will relate to the dynamics of adoption of the two technologies, the ratio at equilibrium between new and used products in a market, and the delay required before equilibrium is achieved. In this manuscript, a realistic model is presented to approach and analyze the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) with the mix of new and used vehicles with new registrations. The EV transition is presented with an adoption represented by the S-curve; the ratio of new to used EVs with new registrations is also presented in a context of high demand of used EVs and a context of rapid depreciation of EVs corresponding to lower demand of pre-owned EVs. The model predicts the number of years required before an equilibrium is reached in the ratio between used and new EVs in new registrations for a given market.
Assessing University Contributions to Sustainability in Europe: A Data-Driven Analysis of SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption) and SDG 13 (Climate Action)
Authors: Perović Lena Malešević , Mihaljević Kosor Maja , Alfirević Nikša
Published: January 2025

With intensifying demands for sustainability in higher education—particularly tied to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)—universities remain central to fostering responsible consumption and climate action. However, a significant gap persists in quantifying how effectively higher education institutions (HEIs) contribute to SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) and SDG 13 (Climate Action). The extant literature has largely relied on qualitative evidence or limited case studies, lacking comprehensive, data-driven comparisons across nations. This study addresses the existing gap in the literature by applying data envelopment analysis (DEA) to assess how efficiently European universities bolster sustainable consumption and climate initiatives. Drawing on secondary data from the 2023 Times Higher Education (THE) Impact Rankings and the Sustainable Development Report, this method provides new insights on how HEIs coordinate with their countries’ broader sustainability objectives. Our results show differences in efficiency among universities across 24 European countries, shaped by unique national contexts and policies. The study results can be used by university administrators and policymakers, who aim to improve the university contributions to achieving UN SDGs.
Gas-producing potential of intestinal microbiota representatives in patients with post-infarction cardiosclerosis
Authors: Chervinets Y. V. , Stepanova E. V. , Chervinets V. M. , Belyaev V. S.
Published: January 2025

Relevance. Analyzing the spectrum of gaseous signaling molecules (GSM) produced and consumed by the intestinal microbiota in patients with post-infarction cardiosclerosis (PICS) is essential for understanding their potential role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications and for identifying strategies to address these conditions. Purpose. To investigate the prevalence and abundance of specific intestinal microbiota representatives isolated from patients with post-infarction cardiosclerosis (PICS) and to examine the species diversity and concentrations of microbial gaseous signaling molecules in this population.

Materials and methods. This case-control study involved the analysis of stool samples from 35 healthy individuals (14 men and 21 women) aged 45–60 years (mean age: 51.8 ± 4.8 [49; 56] years) and 34 patients with PICS (19 men and 15 women) aged 40–84 years (mean age: 64.5 ± 8.1 [53; 72] years). Gaseous signaling molecules (CO, CH₄, NO, H₂S) were quantified using gas chromatography.

Results. Patients with post-infarction cardiosclerosis exhibited a functional microbial imbalance marked by disrupted production of gaseous signaling molecules (GSM) compared to healthy individuals. In the PICS group, Lactobacillus spp. were observed to exclusively absorb NO, whereas in healthy individuals, Lactobacilli produced NO at a statistically significant higher mean concentration of 5.283 µg/mL (p < 0.001). Additionally, Staphylococcus aureus in the PICS group produced CO at levels 880 times higher than those observed in healthy individuals, a difference that was also statistically significant (p < 0.001).

Conclusion. Restoring the functional activity of the intestinal normal microbiota in patients with PICS is essential. Through the production of gaseous signaling molecules (primarily NO and CO), the normal microbiota can support neuromodulatory, cardiomodulatory, immunomodulatory, and other beneficial functions that are critical for the rehabilitation process.
Estilos de afrontamiento de mujeres ante la ruptura de pareja por infidelidad. Estudio de casos en el Cantón Piñas
Authors: Blacio Romero Byron , Cedeño Cedeño Hernán Andrés , Rodríguez Álava Leonor Alexandra
Published: January 2025

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo describir los estilos de afrontamiento de mujeres ante la ruptura de pareja por infidelidad en el Cantón Piñas de la provincia de El Oro. Pudiéndose evidenciar la problemática por medio de un sondeo exploratorio a 100 personas que estuvieron separadas por diferentes índoles. Para dar cumplimiento al objetivo del problema en la población asignada, se llevó a cabo por medio de criterios inclusivos, donde se determinó que 20 mujeres de 18 a 50 años de edad cumplieron con las características para llevarse a cabo la investigación. El soporte bibliográfico se operacionalizó mediante la revisión teórica acerca de investigaciones relevantes asociadas con la temática. Se aplicó un enfoque mixto, de diseño no experimental, con alcance exploratorio, descriptivo, explicativo; con métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadísticos. Para la obtención de los resultados del problema se aplicó el inventario de estrategias de afrontamiento; concluyendo que las puntuacionesobtenidas del instrumento no son favorables para la muestra por la existencia de una ala utilización de los estilos afrontativos ante el rompimiento amoroso. Para darvalidez a los resultados y al curso de esta investigación, se procedió a la valoración de la misma por medio del personal experto en el tema para su viabilidad. La ejecución de este estudio es beneficioso como aporte para futuras investigaciones y para lapsicoeducación de la población participante frente a la problemática.
Tecnologías Innovadoras para el Aprendizaje de Estudiantes con Trastorno del Espectro Autista
Authors: Barberán Gómez Andrea Elizabeth , Lazo Moreira María Verónica
Published: January 2025

Las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) son esenciales para el aprendizaje de estudiantes con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA), ya que permitieron personalizar los enfoques educativos, fomentar habilidades sociales y aumentar la motivación. Este estudio se centró en la Unidad Educativa Emilio Bowen Roggiero, analizando las deficiencias en la implementación de tecnologías innovadoras en la educación de estos estudiantes. A través de una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura científica, se identificaron elementos teóricos relevantes que sirvieron como base para la investigación y se definieron componentes clave para el desarrollo de una estrategia didáctica. La metodología se basó en un enfoque cualitativo y descriptivo, empleando métodos inductivos y bibliográficos, y utilizando entrevistas con docentes, padres y psicólogos clínicos mediante un cuestionario estructurado. Los resultados indican que las TIC pueden adaptarse eficazmente a las necesidades individuales de los estudiantes con TEA. Sin embargo, también se identificaron importantes desafíos, como la falta de recursos tecnológicos, la necesidad de formación docente adecuada y la selección apropiada de herramientas tecnológicas. Además, se resalta la importancia de la colaboración activa entre todos los actores involucrados en el proceso educativo. En conclusión, las tecnologías innovadoras tienen un gran potencial para mejorar el aprendizaje de estudiantes con TEA, siempre que se ajusten a sus necesidades específicas y cuenten con el apoyo de una comunidad educativa comprometida que potencie su implementación.
Using "make a match" methods for improving knowledge and preventive attitudes toward flour albus among adolescent
Authors: Nasution Nur Arfah , Harahap Nur Hamima , Dongoran Rini Fitriani
Published: January 2025

Reproductive health issues remain prevalent among adolescents due to limited access to information. Fluor albus is a common concern among women. Global surveys indicate that approximately 75% of women experience at least one episode of abnormal vaginal discharge during their lifetime. Promotive and preventive interventions, including targeted health education, are crucial to improve adolescents' knowledge and attitudes regarding reproductive health and hygiene. This study investigated the effectiveness of the "Make a Match" educational method in enhancing knowledge and attitudes about leukorrhea prevention among adolescent girls. This quasi-experimental pre-posttest control group study examined the impact of the "Make a Match" method. The study population comprised female adolescents in Sitinjak Sub-district, South Tapanuli Regency. A total sample of 30 participants was recruited using total sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires, posters, and leaflets. Data analysis involved paired t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. The results of the Wilcoxon tests revealed statistically significant differences in knowledge and attitude scores before and after the intervention (p < 0.001 for both variables). These findings demonstrate a significant improvement in both knowledge and attitudes related to leukorrhea prevention following the "Make a Match" health education intervention (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study provides evidence that the "Make a Match" health education method effectively enhances knowledge and attitudes regarding leukorrhea prevention among adolescent girls. These findings underscore the need for enhanced community-based health education programs, particularly for adolescents, focusing on reproductive health.
Pathogenesis and management of sepsis patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation
Authors: Napitupulu Olivia Des Vinca Albahana , Budipratama Dhany
Published: January 2025

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulation of the body's response to infection, and is one of the leading causes of death in intensive care units. In sepsis, the systemic inflammatory reaction that occurs activates the coagulation system and increases the consumption of clotting factors, leading to a serious complication of coagulopathy known as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). DIC is a clinicopathological syndrome that is a complication of various diseases characterized by the activation of systemic blood coagulation and intravascular fibrin production, which can cause thrombosis of small- and medium-sized blood vessels and can even cause organ function failure along with the consumption of platelets and coagulation factors, resulting in a clinical picture of bleeding. In 35% of severe sepsis cases, and in shock sepsis DIC causes high mortality, which is associated with increased severity of illness and serious organ failure with poor outcomes. This article aims to summarize the evolving understanding of DIC pathogenesis in patients with sepsis and its implications for current and future management strategies.
Some problems of energy transition in Russia
Authors: Burmatova O. P.
Published: January 2025

The article highlights the problems associated with one of the most important modern environmental challenges, which reflects the opportunities and limitations of the energy transition in Russian conditions. The “green” transformations taking place in the world, primarily in energy systems, growing climate change, and tightening environmental protection requirements determine the relevance and need for a timely and adequate response to the associated risks and threats. The modern energy transition reflects changes in the structure of primary energy consumption through the gradual expansion of the use of renewable energy sources. An analysis of the problems of the energy transition in Russia made it possible to identify the risks and threats caused by them, among which climate risks and threats, possible directions for decarbonization of the economy and the associated high costs of introducing renewable energy generation facilities, risks of increasing costs for reducing the carbon footprint of Russian companies in connection with the introduction of transboundary carbon regulation on world markets, risks associated with the need to reconstruct the energy system during the transition to the widespread use of renewable energy sources. lag in financing the transition to a low-carbon economy and the implementation of climate projects, etc. Proposals have been made for the formation of a system of measures aimed at neutralizing and minimizing relevant risks and threats. These proposals may be useful in developing management tools within the framework of environmental and economic policy at the regional and federal levels.
Family values as a universal factor of entrepreneurship development: bibliographical analysis of international research
Authors: Ruban D. A.
Published: January 2025

Entrepreneurship is able to contribute substantially to the support of economic and technological sovereignty, which makes urgent studies of different factors of its development. The growing attention to traditional family values raises a question about their importance as one of these factors. The world’s research experience in this problematic is treated with the help of bibliographical survey aimed at the detection of relevant sources and the systematization of information from them. It is established that 45 % of the total quantity of the selected articles in international journals argue a positive influence of family values on entrepreneurial activity, and none work informs about only negative influence. Thematically, the selected articles are diverse and can be gathered into five groups. The geographical analysis of the authors’ affiliations indicates on a scientific interest to this factor in twenty countries differing by historical-cultural and socio-economical aspects. Family values can be proven as a universal and positive factor of entrepreneurship development. The attention of the state to traditional family values in Russia provides with an important competitive advantage to the country, and the interest of domestic scientists in this factor matches the national interests.
Economic security of Russia’s foreign trade activities under sanctions restrictions
Authors: Gretchenko A. I. , Gretchenko A. A.
Published: January 2025

The article presents the results of research conducted at the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics concerning the systematic analysis of the state of economic security of Russia’s foreign trade activity as a dynamic process requiring constant adaptation to changing conditions of the internal and external environment. The authors consider the economic security of foreign trade activities as an integral part of the country’s overall economic security strategy aimed at protecting the economic interests of domestic producers on the international market in the face of sanctions restrictions from unfriendly countries. The article evaluates the impact of sanctions on the structure of foreign trade activities; identifies challenges and threats to economic security and defines the directions of state policy to neutralize them. In the final section of the article, measures and recommendations are proposed to improve economic security in the field of foreign trade activity.
Promoting Quality Culture through Internal Quality Assurance Standards
Case Study: Jerash University
Authors: Ababneh Saleh
Published: January 2025

This study aims to investigate the extent to which academic leaders at the University of Jordan practice sustainable leadership according to the Cambridge University model and its relationship to the quality of work life of faculty members. A descriptive correlational survey design was employed, with a sample of 195 participants chosen through a self-selection bias sampling approach. Participants responded to the study tool, which consisted of two dimensions: the Sustainable Leadership dimension (37 items), based on the University of Cambridge Sustainable Leadership Scale, and the Quality of Work Life dimension (24 items), based on the second edition of the Easton & Van Laar Scale [2018]. The results of the study showed that the degree of academic leaders' practice of sustainable leadership was moderate, and the other areas were ranked in descending order as follows: the leadership context, the leadership characteristics, and finally the leadership behaviors, all of which had a moderate degree of practice. The results also revealed that the degree of quality of work life of faculty members was also moderate, and there was a strong positive relationship between the different areas. The study recommended that the University of Jordan should enhance sustainable leadership traits and elevate the quality of work life for its faculty members.
A síndrome de Guillain-Barré na infância: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Gonçalves Mariana Ribeiro , Santos Daniel Freitas dos , Duarte Jordana Montalvão , Lopes Talita Renata Quirino , Biz Giovanna , Bozzi Alana Suelen de Lima , Dias Thais Favaro , Altomani Ana Luiza Ract
Published: January 2025

A síndrome de Guillain-Barré (SGB) é uma polineuropatia desmielinizante imunomediada de instalação aguda, representando a principal causa de paralisia flácida aguda infantil. A incidência em menores de 15 anos é rara, cerca de 0,46/100.000. As manifestações são variáveis e geralmente progressivas, incluindo principalmente manifestações motoras, mas em casos atípicos podem apresentar disfunções autonômicas associadas a complicações cardiovasculares. Ainda assim, o prognóstico para as crianças é positivo, 80% tem recuperação satisfatória a longo prazo desde que haja diagnóstico e tratamento precoce. As terapias indicadas para a SGB são dependentes de medidas de suporte, antibioticoterapia e infusão de imunoglobulinas venosas, sendo essa última reservada para crianças e adolescentes com quadro severo.
A relação intrínseca entre a progressão da miopia em crianças e a pandemia da Covid-19
Authors: Gonçalves Mariana Ribeiro , Santos Daniel Freitas dos , Duarte Jordana Montalvão , Lopes Talita Renata Quirino , Biz Giovanna , Dias Thais Favaro , Pandolfo Bianca , Tannous Marcelo
Published: January 2025

Introdução: A miopia é um erro refrativo comum que é causada pela curvatura exacerbada da córnea que leva os raios de luz focalizar na frente da retina devido a acomodação amenizada. Na pandemia da COVID-19, houve um aumento do tempo de exposição à tela em crianças, tal fato favorece a progressão da miopia, uma vez que possuem menor fator de proteção ambiental. Objetivo: Analisar a relação intrínseca entre a progressão da miopia em crianças e a pandemia da COVID-19. Material e Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão de literatura, feito através de pesquisas utilizando-se os descritores “Myopia and covid” e “Myopia children covid” nas bases de dados PubMed®/MEDLINE® e Scielo. Foram encontrados 20 artigos, os quais relacionavam-se com o critério de inclusão. Apenas 13 artigos puderam ser utilizados no trabalho. Resultados e Discussão: A pandemia da COVID-19 afetou a rotina das crianças, com isso houve aumento da incidência de miopia. O tempo de tela das crianças aproximadamente dobrou durante o confinamento, indo de 16%, antes da pandemia, para 27% após 1 ano do início do período. A exposição à luz e a prática de atividade física foi menor entre as crianças míopes do que as não míopes. Não houve diferença no tempo de sono entre os dois grupos, sendo a média diária de 9,4 horas. Medidas educacionais, como estabelecer limites de uso, devem ser implementadas para evitar a progressão da doença. Considerações Finais: Fatores ambientais impactaram na progressão de miopia em crianças saudáveis.
Translating Arabic Kuwaiti Proverbs into English: A Semiotic Perspective.
Authors: Alhomidy Yassin Hussein
Published: January 2025

The present analytical comparative study aims to investigate the semiotic meaning of some Arabic Kuwaiti proverbs and their equivalents in English. Besides, it explores translation strategies that have been employed in rendering those proverbs semiotically. The problem of the study arises from the difficulty in interpreting the semiotic signs of Kuwaiti proverbs and finding a suitable equivalent within the scope of translation from Arabic into English. The importance of the study emanates from its interdisciplinary nature––incorporating semiotics into translation. The corpus comprises fifteen Arabic Kuwaiti proverbs and their suggested equivalents in English. The source language proverbs have been quoted from Hamad Alsauaedan's (1992) The Kuwaiti Encyclopedia. The study adopts Peirce's (1931) Interpretive Model of Semiotics and Farghal and Almanna's (2015) strategies for translating semiotic signs. The findings of the study have indicated that Peirce's triadic model can apply not only to English but also to the Arabic Kuwaiti dialect. In addition, it is possible to modify the 'object' and the 'representamen' in the target language without affecting the source language's semiotic meaning. All the chosen proverbs were rendered functionally into English from a semiotic perspective. Using an idiomatic expression to render a Kuwaiti proverb into English semiotically is probable. Literal translation seems to be an acceptable method if the SL proverb and the TL proverb share a universal content. Accordingly, the study recommends translation students, practitioners, and other researchers explore other equivalent English proverbs that could express the same semiotic meaning in the Kuwaiti dialect.
بقاء الحكم بعد زوال علته الأصلية أو دونها- دراسة صرفية تطبيقية.
Authors: أحمد عبدالمؤمن محمود
Published: January 2025

فكرة هذا البحث تدور حول العلاقة بين العلّة والحكم، فلا يخفى ما للعلّة من أثر في الحكم، فهي الباعثة عليه والمؤثرة فيه؛ ومن ثَمّ يدور الحكم مع علّته وجودًا وعدمًا، غير أن هناك مسائل صرفية خرجت عن هذا الأصل، بَقِيَ فيها الحكم مع زوال علّته أو دونها، وأوّل من أشار إلى هذا ونَبَّهَ عليه من اللغويين ابن جنّي في كتابه الخصائص 3/157؛ حيث ترجم له بقوله: (باب في بقاء الحكم مع زوال العلة).
والهدف من البحث الوقوف على تلك المسائل التي خالفت هذا الأصل، وبيان مقاصد الصرفيين فيها.
ومشكلة البحث التي حاولت الإجابة عنها: هل بقاء الحكم بعد زوال علّته دليل على فساد العلّة وَوَهْنِها؟ وما مقاصد الصرفيين في بقاء الحكم بعد فَقْد علّته؟ 
واتّبعت المنهج الوصفي القائم على تتبّع تلك المسائل وتحليلها، ثم بيان مقصد الصرفيين في بقاء الحكم بعد زوال علّته الأصيلة.
وكان من أهم النتائج التي خلُصت إليها: أن زوال الحكم بزوال علّته متوقّفٌ على كون العلة تامّة قطعية مؤثّرة، فينتفي الحكم إذا زالت علّته، وما عدا ذلك فيجوز بقاء الحكم برغم زوال علّته إذا كانت علّته ظنّية. وأن الصرفيين حملوا بقاء الحكم مع زوال علّته الأصيلة على مقاصدَ عامّة خلفت العلّة الأصيلة للحكم، كالأخذ بالاستحسان، وطرد الباب على سنن واحد، والاستخفاف، وأمن اللبس، والحمل على الكثير، وتقوية الشبه بين النظيرين، والطارئ لا يزيل حكم الثابت.
ثم أوصى البحث بدراسة الفكر اللغوي لابن جنّي -ولاسيّما ما تفرّد به- في ضوء الدراسات اللغوية الحديثة.
Modeling of Multi-Frequency Microwave Backscatter and Emission of Land Surface by a Community Land Active Passive Microwave Radiative Transfer Modeling Platform
Authors: Zhao Hong , Zeng Yijian , Hofste Jan G. , Duan Ting , Wen Jun , Su Zhongbo
Published: January 2025

Utilizing combined active and passive microwave signals at different frequencies provides complementary information of soil and vegetation physical states for ecosystem monitoring. We present here a prototype of a unified multi-frequency backscatter and emission simulator called the Community Land Active Passive Microwave Radiative Transfer Modeling Platform (CLAP). By assessing CLAP’s performance using in situ and satellite multi-frequency measurements of grassland backscatter and emission at the Maqu site, the impacts of different grass properties (i.e., structure, water, and temperature dynamics) and soil conditions (i.e., varied moisture and temperature profiles) are investigated. Results indicate that CLAP with cylinder parameterization for vegetation representation simulates grassland backscatter at X- and C-bands better than the disc parameterization does (e.g., root mean square errors [RMSEs] of 2.1 vs. 3.7 dB) during summer. Dynamic vegetation water content (VWC) partially explains diurnal variations of observed signals at low frequencies, while changes in vegetation temperature predominantly affect high-frequency signals. The study also reveals that grassland optical depth is frequency-dependent, with diurnal variation linked to VWC irrespective of frequency. CLAP using the cylinder parameterization and either the in situ measurements or the process model outputs simulates well the observed C-band backscatter at vertical transmit/vertical receive polarization (e.g., RMSE of 1.9 dB) during winter, while it cannot simulate signal dynamics at other bands during this period. Achieving consistent matches between CLAP modeled and observed signals across all frequencies, particularly for both passive and active signals, remains challenging. The limitations discussed in the study shed light on future directions to enhance CLAP’s modeling capability.
Polarization Control in High Harmonic Generation Using Molecular Structures in Nonaligned Molecules
Authors: Long Jie , Zhu Xiaosong , Zhai Chunyang , Li Wenqing , He Wanzhu , He Lixin , Lan Pengfei , Lu Peixiang
Published: January 2025

The symmetry of the target system plays a decisive role in the polarization of high harmonic generation (HHG). Molecules breaking the isotropic symmetry can be utilized to manipulate HHG polarization, but it has long been believed that prealignment is necessary to manifest the microscopic molecular structural effect within the macroscopic ensemble. In this work, we show that the molecular structural effect can be exploited in nonaligned molecular ensembles with appropriate 2-dimensional driving fields, despite the ensembles exhibiting isotropic macroscopic symmetry. The feasibility of this scheme is comprehensively elaborated with a multiscale theory from the perspective of symmetry breaking and is experimentally validated employing bichromatic counterrotating circularly polarized driving fields as an example. By varying the intensity ratio of the bichromatic components, substantially chiral high harmonics are generated from nonaligned molecules associated with the highest HHG efficiency, where, by contrast, the spectral chirality is nearly zero from the reference atom. Remarkably, we observe a simultaneous enhancement of both the chirality and yield of the harmonics from CO
2
, overcoming a commonly observed trade-off of the HHG efficiency for higher spectral chirality. Our findings hold the potential for a straightforward and robust pathway toward attosecond light sources with high brightness and large ellipticity.
High-Stability and Fast Calibration-Free Temperature Measurement Based on Light-Induced Thermoelastic Spectroscopy
Authors: Liu Xiaonan , Qiao Shunda , He Ying , Ma Yufei
Published: January 2025

In this paper, a series of calibration-free temperature measurement methods based on light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy (LITES) are proposed for the first time. These techniques utilize the steady-state and transient response characteristics of the quartz tuning fork (QTF), namely, the calibration-free LITES (CF-LITES) and calibration-free heterodyne LITES (CF-H-LITES) methods. Four methods, first harmonic (1
f
) difference signal to normalize the second harmonic (2
f
) fundamental signal (method I, 2

f
fund

/1

f
diff

), 1
f
overtone signal to normalize the 2
f
fundamental signal (method II, 2

f
fund

/1

f
over

), 1
f
heterodyne difference signal to normalize the 2
f
heterodyne fundamental signal (method III, 2
f
-

H
fund

/1

f-H
diff

), and 1
f
heterodyne overtone signal to normalize the 2
f
heterodyne fundamental signal (method IV, 2

f-H
fund

/1

f-H
over

), for simultaneously detecting 1
f
and 2
f
within the frequency response range of the QTF are proposed to achieve calibration-free measurement. A self-designed T-shaped QTF with low fundamental and overtone frequencies was used to increase the energy accumulation time, thereby enhancing the sensor signal level. A 3-stage tube furnace was adopted to verify the performance of these 4 methods. Experimental results showed that the errors for the 4 methods were less than 4%, with a standard deviation below 11 °C. Furthermore, the calibration-free method, which employs normalization of the 2
f
signal with the 1
f
signal, effectively mitigates the impact of laser beam jitter and power fluctuations on detection performance. A superior performance can be obtained by adopting the CF-H-LITES technique based on method IV. It not only has excellent detection performance but also reduces the measurement period to 4 s, which is about 5 times faster. This development shows substantial promise for expanding the application of the CF-LITES and CF-H-LITES techniques in harsh environments.
The efficacy of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on renoprotection in lupus nephritis: a comprehensive review
Authors: Nagaraju Shankar Prasad , Swaminathan Shilna Muttickal , Rani Priya , Rao Indu Ramachandra , Attur Ravindra Prabhu , Rangaswamy Dharshan , Shenoy Srinivas Vinayak , Gupta Ankur , Bhojaraja Mohan V
Published: January 2025

Lupus nephritis (LN) is a major organ condition in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) leading to end-stage kidney disease if not managed effectively. Two main therapeutic approaches that are successful in the management of LN include immunosuppression and non-immunosuppressive drugs, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors, and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), which are supported by numerous clinical trials. Recent clinical trials with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have consistently shown substantial evidence of reno-protection for those with IgA nephropathy and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. However, emerging evidence shows the protective role of SGLT2i in renal outcomes for the management of LN. This review explores the underlying mechanisms by which SGLT2i contributes to nephroprotection, with promising evidence from both animal and human studies, and guideline recommendations regarding its utilization in LN.
Relationship between systemic immune-inflammation Index and contrast-induced acute kidney injury in cardiovascular patients: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rostamzadeh Mohammad , Ghasemi Sholeh , Heidari Amir , Hameed Al-Qanbar Maytham , Golnavaz Maedeh , Roohinezhad Roozbeh , Pourghaz Nadia , Jafari Negar , Faramarzzadeh Reza
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) imposes high costs and various complications on individuals and society. Considering that inflammation is a significant risk factor for CI-AKI incidence, the present research aimed to investigate the relationship between the systematic immune-inflammation (SII) index and the CI-AKI risk in cardiovascular patients using the systematic review and meta-analysis method. Materials and Methods: In the present study, ProQuest, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were used to search for articles published until October 16, 2024. Data analysis was conducted using the STATA 14 software, and tests with P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: There was no significant association between the SII index and risk of CI-AKI in patients who underwent carotid artery angiography (OR: 1; 95% CI: 1, 1.01) or coronary angiography (OR: 1.96; 95% CI: 0.94, 4.11). However, in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 1, 1.02), high SII index levels increased the risk of CI-AKI. High SII index levels (OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.02), higher ages (OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.06), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 1, 1.02), hypertension (OR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.31, 2.03), diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.12, 2.68), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (OR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.17), and neutrophil count (OR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.16) increased the risk of CI-AKI in cardiovascular patients. On the other hand, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (OR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.98, 0.99), lymphocyte count (OR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.71), and hemoglobin (OR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.96, 0.98), albumin (OR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.93, 0.99) in individuals with CIN were lower than those in the no-CIN group. Conclusion: High systemic immune-inflammation index levels, age, NLR, hs-CRP, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and neutrophil count were among the risk factors of CI-AKI incidence in cardiovascular patients. Registration: This study has been compiled based on the PRISMA checklist, and its protocol was registered on the PROSPERO (ID: CRD42024604243) and Research Registry (UIN: reviewregistry1904) website.
Living Conditions and Socio-Economic Challenges of Jasmine Flower Street Vendors in Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Jesu Arul Christella J
Published: January 2025

Informal Worker does manual work. More than 90 percent of Informal workforce in India generate nearly 50 percent of national income. Street vending has become a common source of employment for women than for men in India. Street vendors face occupational health issues due to poor working condition and lack safety. Jasmine flower street vending is a viable source of employment for the people of Chengalpattu district in Tamil Nadu. Middle aged men and women in large numbers are involved in the Jasmine Flower Street Vending activity in the road side of Chengalpattu district of Tamil Nadu both female and male jasmine flower street vendors are actively involved. They are less educated and adapted to this kind of informal activity for their survival. The income they earn out of this informal activity is sufficient to meet only food expenditure. Work throughout the day every month for more than two to three decades untiring effort to support their family economically. Migrants from other states of the country after Covid-19 pandemic lockdown moved into this district involved in this activity found difficult to access facility to sell. Migrants live in hut look for assistance from Government, it is displeasure in the urban sector to find large street vendors in the post pandemic covid-19. This business in Chengalpattu District has opened a new avenue of survival to such migrants and income earned is spent on food and other consumption expenditure. Nothing remains in the hands for saving rely on indigenous money lenders to continue the business. They are relatively poor. Jasmine flower street vendors in this study area are socially backward, economically marginalized and very poor in health.