bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Tingkat Kemampuan Metakognitif Mahasiswa Melalui Mai (Metacognitive Awareness Inventory) Pada Eksperimen Berbasis Problem Solving
Authors: Pertiwi Faninda Novika , Ahmadi Ahmadi , Fadly Wirawan
Published: August 2019

Pembelajaran fisika harus bermakna, yaitu didalamnya menekankan pada fisika sebagai produk, sebagai proses, dan sebagai sikap. Dua hal dalam pembelajaran fisika yang tidak dapat dipisahkan yaitu pengamatan dalam eksperimen dan telaah teori. Eksperimen fisika hendaknya memungkinkan mahasiswa terlibat langsung dalam segala proses mulai dari tahap merumuskan tujuan eksperimen sampai mengambil kesimpulan dari eksperimen yang telah dilakukan. Salah satu metode yang dapat memfasilitasi keberhasilan tujuan eksperimen fisika adalah dengan metode problem solving. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tingkat kemampuan metakognitif mahasiswa yang melaksanakan eksperimen fisika dasar berbasis problem solving di IAIN Ponorogo melalui MAI (Metacognitive Awareness Inventory) serta untuk menjelaskan keterkaitan antar indikator (perencanaan diri, pemonitoran diri, dan evaluasi diri) pada kemampuan metakognitif mahasiswa. Data yang dihasilkan penelitian ini adalah data kemampuan metakognitif mahasiswa yang telah diukur menggunakan lembar kuesioner MAI (Metacognitive Awareness Inventory). Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis korelasi product moment. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan yaitu bahwa eksperimen fisika dasar berbasis problem solving ini sangat baik untuk mengoptimalkan kemampuan metakognitif mahasiswa. Hal ini terbukti ketika eksperimen fisika dasar yang dilaksanakan berbasis problem solving ternyata tingkat kemampuan metakognitif mahasiswa mencapai 153,459 yang artinya tingkat kemampuan metakognitif mahasiswa pada kategori super (berkembang sangat baik). Hal ini menandakan bahwa mahasiswa menggunakan kesadaran metakognitif secara teratur untuk mengukur proses berpikir dan belajarnya secara mandiri. Selain tingkat kemampuan metakognitif, ternyata ada keterkaitan antar ketiga indikator kemampuan metakognitif. Keterkaitan indikator perencanaan diri dan pemonitoran diri adalah sebesar 0,901, keterkaitan indikator pemonitoran diri dan evaluasi diri adalah sebesar 0,891, dan keterkaitan indikator perencanaan diri dan evaluasi diri adalah sebesar 0,926. Ketiganya menunjukkan korelasi positif yang sangat kuat.
Res Nullius Waqf: Dinamika Relasi Penguasaan Wilayah oleh Negara dan Pemilikan Aset Tanah Wakaf oleh Umat serta Ide Prospektif Penguatan Fungsi dan Daya Guna Wakaf
Authors: Hanifuddin Iza
Published: August 2019

Konsep wakaf yang semestinya kekal, ternyata telah mengalami intervensi penguasa yang dikhawatirkan akan membawa terjadinya ketidak kekalan wakaf dengan cara res nullius, yaitu wakaf yang tak bertuan. Dalam konteks wakaf (waqf), semestinya tidak ada istilah wakaf tak bertuan (res nullius waqf) karena hakikat wakaf merupakan milik bersama seluruh umat Islam karena ia dihasilkan dari milik individu yang dikekalkan objeknya, tidak boleh dijual, dihibahkan, dan diwariskan agar diambil manfaat sebesar-besarnya untuk umat sesuai tujuan wakaf.Fenomena penggusuran masjid oleh Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (Ahok), Gubernur DKI Jakarta terhadap masjid tua Amir Hamzah di Taman Ismail Marzuki untuk pembangunan demi kepentingan umum dan pengambilan tanah wakaf oleh pengembang di Riau untuk kawasan hunian telah menjadi fenomena yang mengusik sisi akademik, apakah negara berposisi sebagai pemilik atau penguasa terhadap aset umat ini, adakah milik umat pada objek yang sudah menjadi hak umum. Celah potensial proses res nullius pun perlu dilihat dari sisi kelemahan umat dari sisi administrasi dan manajemen pengelolaan aset wakaf pun dikritisi
Building Fluency In Writing II Based On Micro And Macro Skills Of Writing By Using Peer Assessment
Authors: Susilowati Tintin
Published: August 2019

Writing is difficult for English Department students in Indonesia. Students commonly have low ability to write and have very limited time to practice this skill. To overcome students’ problems in writing, the use of peer assessment can be an appropriate way to improve fluency in writing since this research is held to: (1) elaborate the roles of peer assessment to build fluency in writing classes, (2) identify the types of activity in writing class by implementing peer assessment, (3) explore the strengths of peer assessment to build fluency in writing, and (4) to prove the effectiveness of peer assessment to build fluency in writing.This is a mixed method research. The subjects of this research are nine students of TI.B class in academic years 2016/ 2017. To collect the data, some instruments such as field note, observation, documentation and test were used. Interactive analysis and statistical analysis (t-test) were applied to analyze quantitative data. Furthermore, statistical analysis using SPSS 20 used to analyze quantitative data.The results of the research are: (1) the use of peer assessment minimizes students’ apprehension in writing, (2) constructive activities are important to lead students in conducting active and critical learning, (3) peer assessment is meaningful to build students to be authentic writers and readers, (4) peer assessment is effective to build students’ fluency in writing indicated by the result of hypothesis test.
Pengembangan E-Learning Berbasis Moodle Sebagai Media Pengelolaan Pembelajaran
Authors: Hakim Arif Rahman
Published: August 2019

Tujuan dari kajian ini adalah untuk mendiskripsikan pengembangan dan penggunaan e-learning berbasis moodle sebagai media dalam pengelolaan pembelajaran. Kajian ini menggunakan metode R&D dengan tahapan menggunakan model yang dikembangkan oleh Sugiyono yaitu; desain produk, validasi desain, revisi desain, ujicoba skala kecil, revisi produk, ujicoba skala besar, revisi produk dan Produk final. Subjek kajian dalam pengembangan e-learning berbasis moodle ini adalah mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) Fakultas Tariyah dan Ilmu Keguruan IAIN Ponorogo. Teknik pengumpulan datanya dengan menggunakan teknik angket dan observasi sedangkan analisis datanya adalah dengan menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan, kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa, hasil validasi media dinyatakan layak dengan skor penilaian sebesar 79,53. Dan hasil validasi materi mendapat skor penilaian sebesar 76,34 dan dinyatakan layak. Pengembangan e-learning berbasis moodle dilakukan dengan cara menginstal secara online melalui cPanel dan kemudian setelah instalasi selesai dilanjutkan dengan mengatur tampilan serta mendesain menu serta aktifitas yang akan disediakan dalam e-learning berbasis moodle. Penggunaan e-learning berbasis moodle sebagai media untuk pengelolaan kegiatan pembelajaran dapat berupa; chatting, grup discussion, message, assiggment, dan quis yang kesemuanya terbingkai dalam tiga aktivitasi pengelolaan yaitu; perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengevaluasian dan pengawasan
Kognisi Pembaca Berita Palsu (Fake News) Di Media Online
Authors: Rusdiana Ika
Published: August 2019

Perkembangan teknologi menjadikan media online sebagai preferensi untuk menyampaikan sebuah berita. Berita yang tersebar di media online sangatlah berpengaruh pada pola pikir dan kehidupan masyarakat, serta pada kondisi sosial ekonomi di suatu wilayah. Era baru ini telah mengubah kecenderungan masyarakat dalam memproduksi dan menyebarkan sebuah berita, sehingga sulit bagi masyarakat untuk memfilter informasi yang benar-benar valid. Hal ini berimplikasi pada tingginya potensi masyarakat untuk terjebak pada berita-berita palsu (fake news) yang tersebar secara massif di media online. Tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa individu yang meyakini atau tidak meyakini kebenaran berita palsu di media online sangat berkaitan dengan cognitive abilities (kemampuan kognitif) individu tersebut, yakni kemampuan seseorang untuk berpikir secara rasional yang mencakup aspek pengetahuan, pemahaman, penerapan, analisis, sintesa, dan evaluasi. Sebagaimana ditunjukkan dalam tulisan ini bahwa pada dasarnya berita palsu yang tersebar di media online tidak lain adalah propaganda yang dimaksudkan untuk memengaruhi dan menggiring pembaca pada opini tertentu yang sarat dengan kepentingan ekonomi politik. Tulisan ini mengemukakan bahwa sikap pembaca berita palsu di media online merupakan representasi dari cognitive abilities individu yang diindikasikan dengan  tiga unsur penting yaitu kemampuan dalam membuat formasi konsep, kemampuan dalam menggunakan logika, serta kemampuan dalam mengambil keputusan. Tiga indikator ini merupakan  representasi dari pemahaman, sikap, serta aktualisasi masing-masing individu sebagai pembaca berita palsu di media online.
Desain Pengembangan Buku Ajar Arab Bagi Mahasiswa Non PBA Berbasis Joyful Learning IAIN Ponorogo
Authors: Nasrullah Nasrullah
Published: August 2019

Mata kuliah bahasa Arab bagi sebagian besar mahasiswa merupakan momok yang menakutkan, apalagi mahasiswa tersebut belum pernah belajar bahasa Arab sebelumnya. Asumsi tersebut akan berubah dengan sendirinya, seiring dengan waktu setelah mereka belajar desain materi ajar bahasa Arab yang berbasis joyful learning, belajar bahasa Arab selalu diringin dengan rasa senang dan penuh permainan, tetapi unsur materi bahasa mereka juga mendapatkannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendesain dan mengembangkan materi ajar berbasis joyful learning. Jenis penelitian pengembangan ini mengacu pada langkah-langkah model Borg dan Gall, data dikumpukan dengan tehnik observasi, wawancara, document, angket dan check list kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif dan quantitative  descriptive. Desain buku ajar pembelajaran bahasa Arab berbasis joyful learning bagi mahasiswa non Pendidikan Bahasa Arab (PBA). Pada tahap validasi ahli materi dan validasi ahli media keduanya memberikan skor “sangat baik” dan desain produk buku ajar dinyatakan “layak” untuk dipergunakan sebagai materi ajar bagi mahasiswa non PBA IAIN Ponorogo. Setelah diuji cobakan kepada mahasiswa, mereka merasa senang dan antusias dalam proses pembelajaran bahasa Arab dengan indikasi bahwa mahasiswa tidak khawatir akan kesalahan membaca teks bahasa Arab, tidak mengalami kesulitan dalam mencari kosa kata, sehingga pemahaman mahasiswa terhadap materi ajar bahasa Arab dapat dilihat pada skor pre test rata-rata test 61,23,  sementara skor post test 87,13  artinya ada peningkatan skor yang signifikan setelah diajarkan dengan desain materi ajar  bahasa Arab berbasis joyful learning.
IMPLEMENTASI KONSEP ISLAM WASATHIYYAH (Studi Kasus MUI Eks. Karesidenan Madiun)
Authors: Munir Ahmad , Saputra Agus Romdlon
Published: August 2019

Munas MUI ke-9 yang digelar di Surabaya tahun 2015, mengusung tema “Islam wasathiyyah untuk Indonesia dan dunia yang berkeadilan dan berkeadaban.” Tema dikehendaki untuk   membumikan Islam yang berkeadilan, moderat, seimbang, berkemajuan dan toleran. Posisi MUI sebagai tenda besar umat Islam, memiliki posisi strategis bagi umat Islam di Indonesia yang majemuk. Namun, sejauh mana tema tersebut tersosialisasikan kepada struktur organisasi di bawahnya?. Dengan menggunakan logika induktif menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian menemukan bahwa  wasathiyyah dimaknai sebagai pertengahan,   akomodatip,  adil,  dan moderat. Konsep tersebut diimplementasikan pada program kerja yang terfokus pada empat hal yaitu a) Pembentukan kesadaran terhadap aturan, baik agama maupun Negara. b) Penyatuan umat. c) Edukasi sosial dan pemberdayaan kesejahteraan masyarakat. d) Kaderisasi dan pengkajian. Faktor Pendukung program adalah wilayah Karesidenan Madiun yang kental sistem kekerabatannya, wilayah pesantren,   struktur dan kepengurusan MUI yang akomodatif, serta program kerja MUI yang mengacu pada kemaslahatan umum. Sementara faktor penghambat adalah adanya ketidakterwakilan dari sebagian elemen keagamaan, peluang keterlibatan sebagian anggota MUI dalam kontestasi politik dukung mendukung, kuatnya dominasi dan doktrinasi ormas keagamaan dan ketaatan kepada tokoh,  dan kurang maksimalnya transformasi konsep wasathiyyah. The 9th MUI National Conference held in Surabaya in 2015 carries the theme "Wasathiyyah Islam for Indonesia and the world that is just and civilized." The theme is intended to ground Islam that is just, moderate, balanced, progressive and tolerant. MUI's position as a large Muslim tent has a strategic position for Muslims in a pluralistic Indonesia. However, to what extent is the theme socialized to the organizational structure below? By using inductive logic and using a qualitative approach. The study found that wasathiyyah was interpreted as mid, accommodative, fair and moderate. The concept is implemented in a work program that focuses on four things, namely: a) Establishing awareness of rules, both religion and state. b) Unification of the Ummah. c) Social education and empowerment of community welfare. d) Cadreization and assessment. Program Supporting Factors are the Madiun Residency area which has a strong kinship system, boarding area, accommodative MUI structure and management, and MUI work programs that refer to general welfare. While the inhibiting factor is the absence of representation from some religious elements, the chance of involvement of some members of the MUI in supporting political contestation supports, strong domination and doctrination of religious organizations and obedience to figures, and a less than optimal transformation of the concept of wasathiyyah.
SISTEM PENGELOLAAN (PERENCANAAN, PELAKSANAAN, EVALUASI) LABORATORIUM IPA SMP NEGERI DI PONOROGO
Authors: Pertiwi Faninda Novika
Published: August 2019

Penelitian kualitatif ini dilakukan di empat SMP Negeri di Ponorogo untuk mengevaluasi pengelolaan laboratorium IPA di sekolah tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem pengelolaan laboratorium pada keempat SMP Negeri yang ada di Ponorogo masuk kategori baik. Dari segi perencanaan, yaitu terkait tata letak, tata ruang, kelengkapan alat bahan, dan pengadministrasian sudah sesuai standar pedoman pengelolaan laboratorium. Berdasarkan pelaksanaan praktikum keempat sekolah tersebut telah melaksanakan praktikum sesuai dengan jadwal dan rutin sesuai dengan yang ada pada program semester. Tiga dari empat sekolah yang diteliti ini telah memanfaatkan laboratorium sesuai fungsinya, tidak digunakan untuk hal lain yang tidak ada hubungannya dengan pelaksanaan praktikum. Panduan kerja yang digunakan di laboratorium masih belum maksimal dalam mencapai tujuan pembelajaran IPA. Dari segi evaluasi dan monitoring, keempat sekolah negeri yang diteliti ini telah rutin melakukan evaluasi laboratorium kemudian dilakukan monitoring setiap tahunnya. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai acuan dalam meningkatkan pengelolaan laboratorium di sekolah yang lain serta mengembangkan panduan praktikum yang sesuai dengan tujuan pembelajaran IPA sehingga keberadaan laboratorium bermakna bagi siswa. This qualitative research was conducted in four public junior high schools in Ponorogo to evaluate the management of the natural science laboratory. The results showed that the laboratory management system in the four public junior high school in Ponorogo was in a good category. In terms of planning that related to the layout, the variety of materials, and administration according to laboratory management guidelines. Based on the implementation of the practicum, the four schools have carried out practicums in accordance with the schedule and the routine was compatible with those in the semester program. Three of four schools have used laboratories according to their functions, not used for other things that have nothing to do with practicum. The work guidelines that used in the laboratory are still lack of achieving in the learning goals. In the case of evaluation and monitoring, the four public schools studied have routinely conducted laboratory evaluations and then carried out monitoring in every year. The results of this study are expected to be used as a reference in improving laboratory management in other schools as well as developing practical guidelines that are suitable with the aim of the natural science learning. So, the existence of the laboratory is important for students.
Well Testing Applications of Numerical Laplace Transformation of Sampled-Data
Authors: Onur M. , Reynolds A. C
Published: August 2019

In recent years, the numerical Laplace transformation of sampled-data has proven to be useful for well test analysis applications. However, the success of this approach is highly dependent on the algorithms used to transform sampled-data into Laplace space and to perform the numerical inversion. In this work, we investigate several functional approximations (piecewise linear, quadratic, and log-linear) for sampled-data to achieve the "forward" Laplace transformation and present new methods to deal with the "tail" effects associated with transforming sampled-data. New algorithms that provide accurate transformation of sampled-data into Laplace space are provided. The algorithms presented can be applied to generate accurate pressure-derivatives in the time domain. Three different algorithms investigated for the numerical inversion of sampled-data. Applications of the algorithms to convolution, deconvolution, and parameter estimation in Laplace space are also presented. By using the algorithms presented here, it is shown that performing curve-fitting in the Laplace domain without numerical inversion is computationally more efficient than performing it in the time domain. Both synthetic and field examples are considered to illustrate the applicability of the proposed algorithms.
Transcriptome profiling of laser-captured germ cells and functional characterization of zbtb40 during MT-induced spermatogenesis in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides)
Authors: Liu Xiaochun , Wu Xi , Yang Yang , Zhong Chaoyue , Guo Yin , Li Shuisheng , Lin Haoran
Published: August 2019

Background: Spermatogenesis is an intricate process regulated by a finely organized network. The orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) is a protogynous hermaphroditic fish, but the process of its spermatogenesis is not well-understood. In the present study, transcriptome sequencing of the male germ cells from orange-spotted grouper was performed to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying spermatogenesis.

Results: In this study, the orange-spotted grouper was induced to change sex from female to male by 17alpha-methyltestosterone implantation. During the artificial spermatogenesis, different cell types from cysts containing spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids, and spermatozoa were isolated by laser capture microdissection. Subsequently, transcriptomic analysis for the isolated cells were performed. A series of genes was used to verify and investigate the expression patterns in spermatogenesis. Furthermore, we also analyzed the expression of the same set of genes involved with steroid metabolism and sex throughout spermatogenesis (early-mid, late, and maturing stages) in the orange-spotted grouper. Several generally female-related genes took significantly changes in sex reversal hinted that the female-related genes in previously recognized may also play vital roles in spermatogenesis and sex reversal. In the transcriptomic data, we focused on zbtb family genes, which may be related to the process of spermatogenesis. Their expression patterns and cellular localization were examined, and the location of Eczbtb40 in different gonadal stages was investigated. We found that Eczbtb40 was expressed throughout spermatogenesis. These preliminary findings suggest that Eczbtb40 is highly conserved during vertebrate evolution and plays roles in spermatogenesis. Besides, the expression of Eczbtb40 and Eccyp17a1a overlapped in male germ cells, especially spermatogonium and spermatocyte, which suggested that Eczbtb40 might interact with Eccyp17a1a participant in spermatogenesis and sex reversal.

Conclusions: The present study first depicted RNA sequencing of the male germ cells from orange-spotted grouper, and identified many important functional genes and pathways involved in spermatogenesis. The Eczbtb40 gene was subjected to molecular characterization and expression pattern analysis. These results will contribute to future studies of the molecular mechanism of spermatogenesis and sex reversal.
Theoretical asthma self-management program for Taiwanese adolescents with self-efficacy, outcome-expectancy, health behavior, and asthma symptoms: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tseng Tzu-Jung , Wu Chiung-Jung (Jo) , Chang Anne M
Published: August 2019

Background: The asthma prevalence of Taiwanese adolescents is continued to rise and affecting sufferers’ daily life. With physical and psychological changes in adolescents, managing asthma can be quite challenges for them and could lead to negative social, emotional and physical impacts if not well managed. Literature found that adolescents with high levels of self-efficacy are more likely to be involved in prevention and management activities. The aim of this study was to develop an effective asthma self-management program by taking account for adolescents’ developmental stages and based on Bandura’s self-efficacy model for this group of young people.
Methods: A randomised controlled trial was used to evaluate effects of the newly developed Asthma Self-management Program for Taiwanese adolescents. The outcomes were self-efficacy, outcome-expectancy, asthma prevention and self-management behaviour, and controlling asthma symptoms. Translation and back-translation process were used for original tools in English. Good consistent reliabilities of Chinese versions tools were identified. A t-test or Mann-Whiney U test was employed to determine any mean differences of outcome variables between groups overtime.
Results: A sample of 83 patients completed (n = 43 in control group, n = 40 in experimental group) the study. The mean age was 14.3 years (SD = 1.85), two-third of the participants were males. Seventy-six percent (n = 68) had a mild to intermittent level of asthma severity. Significant improvements were found on self-efficacy, t =
-2.75; outcome-expectancy, U = 646, prevention behaviours, t = -3.62, and management behaviours, t = -3.19, but non-significant results for the outcome of asthma control, U = 716.
Conclusions: The results provide evidence to support the efficacy of the asthma self-management program based on the self-efficacy model that has taken considerations of developmental phases. The findings indicated the self-management program improved adolescents’ self-confidence in carrying out asthma prevention and management behaviours for effectively manage their asthma symptoms. Future clinical practice should consider delivering an educational program using multifaceted and interactive learning strategies.
Does the Use of a Closed-Suction Drain Reduce the Effectiveness of an Antibiotic-loaded Spacer in Two-Stage Exchange Arthroplasty for Periprosthetic Hip Infection? A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Study
Authors: Xu Chi , Jia Cheng-Qi , Kuo Feng-Chih , Chai Wei , Zhang Ming-Hua , Chen Ji-Ying
Published: August 2019

Objectives

There is a concern regarding the use of a closed-suction drain (CSD) in two-stage exchange arthroplasty for periprosthetic joint infection as it may decrease the antibiotic concentrations in the joint fluids. The purpose of this study was to identify whether the use of a CSD could reduce local antibiotic concentrations following spacer implantation.

Methods

A prospective, randomized, controlled trial was conducted at our institution between January 2018 and November 2018. We enrolled 32 patients undergoing two-stage exchange arthroplasty for periprosthetic hip infection with an interim cement spacer containing 4-g vancomycin and 2-g meropenem per 40-g methyl-methacrylate cement polymer. Patients were randomized and evenly divided into the clamped CSD group and open CSD group after surgery. Drainage samples of joint fluids (n=160) were collected every 24 hours for the first five days following spacer implantation. The antibiotic concentrations of drainage samples were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the bioactivities of the drainage samples against methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA and MRSA) and E. coli were assessed.

Results

There was no significant difference in the decrease of vancomycin (p=0.917) and meropenem concentration (P=0.548) between the two groups during the first five days following spacer implantation. All joint drainage samples in each group exhibited antibacterial activity against MSSA, MRSA and E. Coli.

Conclusions

The use of CSD following the implantation of an antibiotic-loaded cement spacer does not reduce the effectiveness of such a spacer in two-stage exchange arthroplasty.
Magnitude of intestinal parasitic infections and associated factors among food handlers working at Woldia University Student’s cafeteria, Northeastern Ethiopia: an institution based cross sectional study
Authors: Alemnew Birhan , Belay Yalemzewud , Demis Asmamaw
Published: August 2019

Abstract Objectives: the main of this study was to assess the Magnitude of intestinal parasitic infections and associated factors among food handlers working at Woldia University Student’s cafeteria, Northeastern Ethiopia. An Institution based cross sectional study was conducted among 256 food handlers, Northern Ethiopia. Systematic random sampling were used to select study participants Results: A total of 256 food handlers were enrolled making the overall magnitude of intestinal parasite which was stool specimens positive for different diagnostic stages of parasites was found to be 43(16.8%). Entamoeba histolytica/dispar was the most prevalent parasites 14(5.5%), followed by Giardia lamblia 10(3.9%). Lack of food safety training (AOR = 6.58; 95%CI: 2.46–17.62), no regular medical checkup (AOR=2.41; 95 %CI: 1.47-4.24), no hand washing practice after toilet by soap (AOR =3.24; 95%CI: 1.28-8.19), no hand washing practice before eating by soap (AOR =4.03; 95%CI: 1.64-9.91) and haven’t food preparation license (AOR= 6.13; 95 % CI: 2.18-17.22) were significantly associated with parasitic infection among food handlers. Keywords: Intestinal parasites, Food handlers, Student cafeteria, Woldia University
Burden of Viral Pathogens in Pediatric Patients in Southwest Ohio
Authors: DeBurger Barbara , Hanna Sarah , Ankrum Andrea , Schaffzin Joshua , Powell Eleanor , Mortensen Joel E.
Published: August 2019

Background: Viral gastroenteritis is a leading cause of morbidity worldwide. Evolving epidemiology, in part due to vaccines, has made identifying specific stool pathogens more relevant for clinical and public health providers. Molecular testing for gastrointestinal viruses is sensitive and effective for rapid identification of viruses from stool samples. In this study we report the prevalence of key viral pathogens in diarrheal stool specimens from a pediatric population.
Methods: From February 2014 to March 2017, remnant stool samples from patients presenting to a healthcare provider with diarrhea were examined for both bacteria (Salmonella species, Shigella species, Campylobacter species, and Shiga toxins 1 and 2) and viruses (norovirus, sapovirus, astrovirus, adenovirus, and rotavirus). Detection of targets was performed using and FDA-approved platform (BD Max™) with PCR/sequencing serving as the reference method.
Results: Of the 386 samples tested, at least one potential pathogen (viral and/or bacterial) was detected in 41.2% of specimens. 136 (35.2%%) samples tested positive for at least one virus; 34 (8.8%) samples tested positive for at least one bacterium. There were 28 dual infections.
Conclusions: The most commonly detected targets were viruses. Norovirus and sapovirus were the most prevalent stool pathogens, especially in very young patients. Shigella species was the most prevalent bacteria and third most detected target overall. Rotavirus prevalence was low, but still detected in 15 (3.9%) of the samples. This may indicate that while vaccine has reduced its prevalence, it should still be considered in clinical evaluation of this population. Of note, the majority (59%) of samples were negative for viral pathogens. Providers should also consider parasites and noninfectious causes such as inflammatory bowel disease when evaluating diarrhea in a pediatric patient.
The effectiveness of an interactive organ donation education intervention for Dutch lower-educated students: a cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Steenaart Esther , Crutzen Rik , Candel Math JJM , de Vries Nanne K
Published: August 2019

Background

Organ donation registration rates remain low, especially among people with lower educational levels. An interactive educational intervention was developed to prepare lower-educated students in the Netherlands for making a well-informed decision about organ donation. This article reports on the effects of this intervention on the intention to register (i.e. the primary outcome in the study at hand) and beliefs regarding organ donation.

Methods

The effectiveness was investigated in a post-test only cluster randomized controlled trial, in which the intervention was offered to the experimental group and after measurement also to the control group. Randomization to the experimental and control groups took place at a class level. Teachers of schools for intermediate vocational education who taught a course on Citizenship delivered three intervention elements (i.e. video fragments and discussion, quizzes with tailored feedback and exercise filling out a registration form) to their students during two 50-minute lessons.

Results

A total of 1170 students participated in the trial and filled out a questionnaire. After receiving the intervention, more students were intending to register a decision (OR=1.81; 95%CI [1.10-2.96]), their perceived knowledge increased (B=.62; 95%CI [.23-1.01]) and they had higher intentions to talk to family members (B=.68; 95%CI [.28-1.08]) and friends (B=.36; 95%CI [.07-.66]) about organ donation. There were no effects on the choice students intended to register (OR=1.08; 95%CI [.67-1.73]).

Conclusions

Providing education in a classroom setting is an effective tool in increasing registration intentions. Despite uncertainties about the effects on actual registration behavior, a larger scale dissemination of this intervention is recommended. Providing clear information and opening the discussion about organ donation is an important and promising first step towards higher registration rates.

Trial registration: The Dutch Trial Register, NTR6771. Registered on 24 October 2017. https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/6557
Reducing violent discipline by teachers using Interaction Competencies with Children for Teachers (ICC-T): Study protocol for a matched cluster randomized controlled trial in Tanzanian public primary schools
Authors: Masath Faustine Bwire , Hermenau Katharin , Nkuba Mabula , Hecker Tobias
Published: August 2019

Background

Despite the existing national and international plans of action to end violent discipline strategies used by teachers in schools, it still prevails in Tanzanian schools. This underlines the need to implement school-based interventions that aim at reducing violent discipline by teachers. In this study, we will evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the preventative intervention Interaction Competencies with Children for Teachers in Tanzanian primary schools. Following its success in secondary schools, we hypothesize that the intervention will reduce teachers’ positive attitudes towards and their use of violent discipline at school.

Methods

The study will be conducted in six randomly selected regions in Tanzania. We have already randomly selected two schools in each region (12 in total) that fulfill our inclusion criteria. From each region, one school will be randomly assigned to the intervention and the other to the monitoring group (no intervention). Eighty students between the ages of nine to twelve years (N = 960) and 20 teachers from each school (N = 240) will be included in the trial. We will collect data directly before the intervention (t1) and six months after the intervention (t2) both at intervention and monitoring schools. Using guided questionnaire assessments, we will measure violence by teachers using students’ reports on their exposure to and teachers’ reports on their use of violence using the Conflict Tactics Scale. Furthermore, we will assess teachers’ positive attitudes towards violent discipline using a modified version of the Conflict Tactic Scale. The feasibility of the intervention will be evaluated using purpose-built measures assessing the demand, applicability, acceptability and integration of core elements into the daily work in the participating schools.

Discussion

The proposed study will allow us to test the feasibility and effectiveness of an intervention aiming to reduce positive attitudes towards and the use of violent discipline by teachers in school settings. With the reduction of violent discipline by teachers, this study contributes to national and international efforts towards ending violence against children as well as the attainment of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals that also aim for preventing children from all types of maltreatment.
Effects of the Informed Health Choices primary school intervention on the ability of children in Uganda to assess the reliability of claims about treatment effects, one-year follow-up: a cluster-randomised trial
Authors: Nsangi Allen , Semakula Daniel , Oxman Andrew David , Dalghren Astrid Austvoll- , Oxman Matt , Rosenbaum Sarah , Morelli Angela , Glenton Claire , Lewin Simon , Kaseje Margaret , Chalmers Iain , Freithem Atle , Ding Kristoffer Yunpeng , Sewankambo Nelson Kaulukusi Kaulukusi
Published: August 2019

Introduction
We evaluated an intervention designed to teach 10 to 12-year-old primary school children to assess claims about the effects of treatments (any action intended to maintain or improve health). We report here on outcomes measured one year after the intervention.
Methods
In this cluster-randomised trial, we included primary schools in the central region of Uganda that taught year-five children (aged 10 to 12 years). We randomly allocated a representative sample of eligible schools to either an intervention or control group. Intervention schools received the Informed Health Choices primary school resources (textbooks, exercise books, and a teachers’ guide). The primary outcome, measured at the end of the school term and again after one year, was the mean score on a test with two multiple-choice questions for each of the 12 concepts and the proportion of children with passing scores.
Results
We assessed 2960 schools for eligibility; 2029 were eligible, and a random sample of 170 were invited to recruitment meetings. After recruitment meetings, 120 eligible schools consented and were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n=60, 76 teachers and 6383 children) or control group (n=60, 67 teachers and 4430 children). After one year, the mean score in the multiple-choice test for the intervention schools was 68.7% compared to 53.0% for the control schools (adjusted mean difference 16.7%, 95% CI 13.9 to 19.5; p<0·00001). In the intervention schools, 3160 (80.1%) of 3943 children that completed the test after one year achieved a predetermined passing score (≥13 of 24 correct answers) compared with 1464 (51.5%) of 2844 children in the control schools (adjusted difference 39.5%, 95% CI 29.9 to 47.5).
Conclusion
Use of the learning-resources led to a large improvement in the ability of children to assess claims, which was sustained for at least one year.
Effect of Coflex interspinous stabilization on the prevention of progression of adjacent segment degeneration after single level and skipped level spinal fusion in a canine model
Authors: Liang Jia-ming , Lin Fang-qi , Ding Jia-ning , Xu Jian-guang
Published: August 2019

Background

Interspinous spacer (ISPs) was a promising treatment method for adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) after spinal fusion. Coflex, one of ISPs, has been deceived to prevent or decelerate ASD after spinal fusion, while the proof of the effectiveness of such device is still very limited. The purpose of this study was further to investigate the protection role of Coflex in vivo after spinal fusion, when implanted in adjacent segment and middle segment.

Methods

Three groups of beagles were allocated as follows (n=6): (1)L4-5 lumbar interbody fusion(IF). (2) L4-5 lumbar interbody fusion +L5-6 interspinous Coflex implantation(Cof1).(3) L4-5 and L6-7 interbody fusion+ L5-6 interspinous Coflex implantation (Cof2). In all animals, L5-6 discs were punctured to generate degeneration, and the intact L2–3 disc served as a noninjuries control (Con group). The effectiveness of Coflex on the prevention or deceleration of the progression of ASD was determined by magnetic resonance imaging, gross anatomical observation, histological and immunohistochemically analysis, and Real-time PCR analysis of gene expression.

Results

The objective disc in every group showed degeneration, however, the degeneration was more significant in IF group than Cof1 and Cof2 groups. MRI and histologic assay demonstrated that the discs of Cof1 and Cof2 groups maintained a relatively well-preserved structure as compared to the discs of IF group. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry analysis and real-time PCR demonstrated that the indicators of disc degeneration, TIMP1, BMP2, Col I, were up-regulated and disc matrix gene, Col II was down-regulated in IF group significantly

Conclusions

Coflex could decelerate the progression of ASD after spinal fusion, and it holds the same value not only at adjacent segment after single level spinal fusion, but also dose at the middle segment after “skipped” level (nonconsecutive) fusion
Female clients’ gender preferences for frontline health workers who provide maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH) services at primary health care level in Nigeria
Authors: Okereke Ekechi , Unumeri Godwin , Akinola Akinwumi , Eluwa George , Adebajo Sylvia
Published: August 2019

Background

In Nigeria, anecdotes abound that female clients, particularly within northern Nigeria, have gender-based preferences for frontline health workers (FLHWs) who provide healthcare services. This may adversely affect uptake of maternal newborn and child health services, especially at primary healthcare level in Nigeria, where a huge proportion of the Nigerian population and rural community members in particular, access healthcare services. This study explored female clients’ gender preferences for frontline health workers who provide maternal, newborn and child healthcare (MNCH) services at primary healthcare level in Nigeria.

Methods

The study adopted a cross-sectional quantitative design with 256 female clients’ exit interviews from 66 randomly selected primary health facilities within two States - Bauchi (northern Nigeria) and Cross-River (southern Nigeria). Data was collected using Personal Digital Assistants and data analysis was done using SPSS software. Descriptive analysis was carried out using percentage frequency distribution tables. Bivariate analysis was also carried out to examine possible relationships between key characteristic variables and the gender preferences of female clients involved in the study.

Results

Out of 256 women who accessed maternal, newborn and child health services within the sampled health facilities, 44.1% stated preference for female FLHWs, 2.3% preferred male FLHWs while 53.5% were indifferent about the gender of the health worker. However only 26.6% of female clients were attended to by male FLHWs. Bivariate analyses suggest a relationship between a female client’s health worker gender preference and her pregnancy status, the specific reason for which a female client visits a primary healthcare facility, a female client’s location in Nigeria as well as the gender of the health worker(s) working within the primary healthcare facility which she visits to access maternal, newborn and child health services.

Conclusions

The study findings strongly suggest that female clients at primary healthcare level in Nigeria possibly have gender preferences for the frontline health workers who provide services to them. There should be sustained advocacy and increased efforts at community engagement to promote the acceptability of healthcare services from male frontline health workers in order to have a significant impact on the uptake of MNCH services, particularly within northern Nigeria.
Incidence of Heart Failure among Diabetic Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease: A Cohort Study
Authors: Abdissa Senbeta Guteta , Deressa Wakgari , Shah Amit
Published: August 2019

Background

In population studies of heart failure (HF), diabetes was shown to be an independent risk factor but the evidence regarding Diabetes Mellitus (DM) having incremental effect in incidence of HF in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) is scarce. Our study aimed to assess the incidence of HF in diabetic IHD patients compared to non-diabetic IHD patients.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 306 patients with IHD followed-up at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The IHD patients who did not have HF at baseline were followed for 24 months beginning from November 30, 2015. We assessed the incidence of HF in patients with diabetic IHD versus the non-diabetic IHD. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between diabetic IHD and HF after controlling for important covariates.

Results

Mean age was 56.8 years and male patients accounted for 69%. Prevalence of DM was 31.4% (n=96). During the 24 months follow-up period, 196 (64.1%) had incident HF. Predictors of incident HF were female sex [COR 2.2(1.3-3.8), p=0.006], DM [COR 1.8 (1.1-3.0), p = .04], older age [t (304) = 2.5, p = 0.01, two tailed], bigger left atrial size [t (196) = 2.9, p = 0.005, two-tailed], and lower hemoglobin [t (232) = - 2.3, p = 0.02, two-tailed]. On multivariate Cox regression, DM was significantly associated with incident HF [Hazard Ratio = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.32-3.14, p = 0.001]. Furthermore, when the patients were stratified by hypertension (HTN), DM was associated with worse prognosis, the strongest association being in those with co-existing DM and HTN [HR = 2.57,95% CI =1.66-3.98, p<0.0001] followed by the presence of DM without HTN [HR 2.27, 95% CI = 1.38-3.71, p=0.001].

Conclusion

DM is the strongest predictor of incident HF in patients with IHD. It is worse when DM is combined with HTN.
Hyperhomocysteinemia in association with male gender, advanced age, uric acid and metabolic syndrome: A retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Chen Po-Ju , Lu Yueh-Chien , Wang Pei-Ming , Loke Song-Seng
Published: August 2019

Background
Elevated homocysteine level has been proposed as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study is to evaluate the connection between hyperhomocysteinemia with other factors for early detection of possible cardiovascular disease.
Methods
The data in this retrospectively designed cross-sectional study was retrieved from the health examination database in a medical center located in southern Taiwan in 2016. The correlation of hyperhomocysteinemia with sex, age, body mass index, waist circumference, lipid profile, blood pressure, uric acid, high sensitivity C-reactive protein and lipoprotein were investigated. Both simple and multiple stepwise logistic regression models were used for the assessment of their connection.
Results
A total of 878 subjects with mean age of 55.4 ± 10.8 years were included in the current study and 73 (9.1%) participants had elevated homocysteine levels. Simple logistic regression analysis showed elevated Hcy was significantly associated with sex (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.04-0.31, P < 0.001), age (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00-1.05, P < 0.035), waist circumference (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02-1.06, P = 0.001), HDL-C (OR 0.97, CI 0.95-0.99, P = 0.011), triglyceride (OR 1.00, CI 1.00-1.01, P = 0.002), SBP (OR 1.02, CI 1.01-1.03, P = 0.004), DBP (OR 1.04, CI 1.02-1.06, P = 0.001), sugar level (OR 1.01, CI 1.00-1.02, P = 0.021), uric acid (OR 1.39, CI 1.20-1.60, P < 0.001) and the presence of metabolic syndrome (OR 1.81, CI 1.12-2.93, P = 0.016). Multiple stepwise logistic regression analysis was applied and the result showed that male gender (OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.05-0.43, P < 0.001), advanced age (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00-1.05, P < 0.036), triglycerides (OR 1.002, 95% CI 1.001-1.004, P = 0.022), systolic blood pressure (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.03, P = 0.023) and uric acid (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.07-1.47, P = 0.005) were significantly associated with the elevation of plasma homocysteine.
Conclusions
Several factors are associated with hyperhomocysteinemia in asymptomatic subjects including sex, age, uric acid and metabolic syndrome components. Among these factors, male, advanced age, systolic blood pressure, plasma level of triglyceride and uric acid were independently associated with hyperhomocysteinemia.
Wistar and Sprague-Dawlay rats demonstrate distinct features of metabolic profile after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Zheng Yue , Zhang Qiang , Xu Wenxuan , Dong Zhihuan , Huang Lei , Zhang Lei , Li Tong
Published: August 2019

Background: Wistar and Sprague-Dawley (SD) Outbred Rat can be considered the standard rodents for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, a direct comparison between Wistar and SD Rat as models of AMI has not been adequately evaluated so far.
Methods: MI was constructed and cardiac functions were measured to show the success of model construction. The metabolites among Wistar, SD rats and patients with AMI were screened, respectively, and further three groups and subgroups metabolic pathway analysis was applied through MetaboAnalyst 4.0.
Results: The animal MI model was constructed successfully. All the QC samples we inserted qualified, which allowed us to confirm that the analytical results were valid. After screening by three methods, there are 42 significant plasma metabolites determined in our study, which consist of 19, 18 and 23 metabolites in Wistar, SD rats and human with AMI, respectively. Therefore, to discuss the similarity of Wistar and SD rats to human, SD rats and human had two similar screened metabolic pathways, whereas Wistars rats and human had three screened metabolic pathways. Through subgroup analysis, Glycerophospholipid metabolism was only one which possessed metabolic pathway difference and did not affected by age and time, whereas Sphingolipid metabolism increased only in AMI when compared to SHAM group.
Conclusions: Sphingolipid metabolism in SD rats is not suggested to be substitute for human metabolic research and the effect of Wistar rats on metabonomic is better than that of SD rats because their metabolic pathways are relatively closer to human’s real world.