bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Approximate determination of the plasma potential spatial distribution in the isolated dust particle vicinity
Authors: Salnikov M V
Published: December 2021

In this paper, results of two numerical models are compared. The main purpose of these models is to determine the self-consistent spatial distributions of plasma (electric potential and space charge) near isolated spherical dust particles. In the first model, the spatial distribution of the self-consistent plasma potential is determined by expanding the plasma space charge spatial distribution in Legendre polynomials; in the second model, it is determined by direct numerical integration of the Poisson equation solution. The results show that the dependences of the system main parameters (wake magnitude and position, dipole moment of the ion cloud) coincide for small values of the external electrostatic field. With an increase in the external field strength, the dependences for two models cease to coincide, which is due to the inapplicability of Legendre polynomial decomposition in the case of strong anisotropy.
Strength analysis of warship hull’s bottom loaded by the pressure wave from a non-contact explosion of sea mine explosion of sea mine
Authors: Szturomski B , Kiciński R
Published: December 2021

The study was based on the analysis of stamina of steel flat bottom section of transport warships, burdened by the spherical pressure wave from the non-contact explosion of TNT at a distance of 20 m under the keel. This study aims to determine the TNT mass required to break the hull. The task was solved by finite element method (FEM) explicite using CAE program [1], in which the hull’s bottom was modelled as thin shell space. The hull’s burden with pressure wave was modelled as a pressure impulse specified by the formula introduced by T.L. Geers, K.S. Hunter and R.S. Price [2]. To describe the material properties, considering high-speed strain, the Johnson-Cook model was used [3]. Therefore, the main goal of the hereby paper is to present how to correctly model the impact of large, concentrated masses of the ship’s equipment on its hull. The study presents the results of the calculated stress and strain states of the analysed section of the construction of the hull.
Comparison of laser beam, oxygen and plasma arc cutting methods in terms of their advantages and disadvantages in cutting structural steels
Authors: Írsel G , Güzey B N
Published: December 2021

The laser beam, plasma arc, and oxygen cutting methods are widely used in metal cutting processes. These methods are quite different from each other in terms of initial setup cost and cutting success. A powered laser beam is used in laser beam cutting, plasma is used in plasma arc cutting, flammable gas - oxygen mixture is used in the oxygen cutting method. In this study, the cutting success of these methods was investigated on tensile specimens. Microstructure, hardness (HV 0.1), surface roughness, and strengths were investigated after the cutting process. The tensile test implemented with tensile samples cut from the same material by these three methods, it was observed that the strength values of the samples changed by about 8% in tensile strength depending on the cutting process. The hardness of the cut surfaces in plasma arc cutting increased from 150 HV to 230 HV for S235JR material. For this reason, it is difficult to perform machining operations after plasma cutting. The hardness value reached after laser beam cutting is 185 HV. Plasma arc cutting is more cost-effective than laser beam cutting. 1-3° vertical inclination (conicity) occurs on the cut surface in plasma arc cutting, while this inclination almost does not occur in laser cutting. In plasma cutting benches, cutting is done with oxygen, and in cutting with oxygen, the taper is seen in a small amount.
Influence of spent drilling mud on sedimentation time of activated sludge flocs
Authors: Cel W
Published: December 2021

Co-treatment of drilling muds with municipal wastewater in the reactors operating on the activated sludge principle constitutes a potentially safe method of their disposal. The method is based on the process of biological degradation of pollutants by assemblages of activated sludge organisms (prokaryotic and eukaryotic), which include different species described as functional and trophic groups. When the ecosystem in the bioreactor is in equilibrium, high wastewater treatment efficiency and process stability can be achieved. Analysis of qualitative and quantitative changes occurring in assemblages of activated sludge organisms may facilitate understanding the causes and mechanisms involved in the observed processes. In such a context, using a model of an SBR wastewater treatment plant, a study was performed to assess the feasibility of co-treating spent drilling mud with municipal wastewater using the activated sludge method. The floc constitutes the basic structural and physiological unit forming activated sludge. In this study, the sedimentation velocity of activated sludge flocs was analysed, and the obtained results were subjected to statistical analysis.
Numerical analysis of the support platform for an unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: Czyż Z , Suwała S , Karpiński P , Skiba K
Published: December 2021

The study investigates a thin-walled support platform for an unmanned aerial vehicle, i.e. aluminum beams connected by flat bars and angle irons. The construction is a kind of frame for a propulsion unit of the designed aircraft which is a combination of a multi-copter and a gyrocopter. This construction was tested for various load patterns to investigate the stresses and strains its profiles are connected. The load patterns correspond to different operation modes of the propulsion system, and the finite element method (FEM) and the SolidWorks software were used for the numerical calculations. The research was done for elastic operation of the individual components of the support platform. The analysis enabled to verify the state of stresses on the critical spots of the construction and to develop a construction for ground and flight tests to verify the correct operation of the propulsion control system and optimize its operation in different flight states.
Research Self-balancing UAV Takeoff and Landing Control System Based on Quadruped Robot
Authors: Yang Kaiwen , Huang Sinuo , Li Siqi
Published: December 2021

Aiming at the advantages of UAVs in field survey and search as well as their difficulties in taking off and landing in poor ground environment in the field, a simple self-balancing UAV take-off and landing control system based on a quadruped robot is proposed. Firstly, the simple physical model of the system is established and the mathematical analysis is carried out. Secondly, the inverse kinematics of the single leg model is derived. Thirdly, the attitude sensor is used to measure the attitude angle data of the system platform, and the Kalman filter is used in the software design to filter the attitude angle data, and the PID control algorithm is used to control each leg joint. Finally, The design is simulated by MATLAB and experimentally analyzed, and the test results meet the design requirements.
Research on Civil Aircraft Flight Test of Power Supply Quality Analysis
Authors: Wu Jingtao , Wang Pei , Cai Jin , Liu Ying
Published: December 2021

In the process of civil aircraft airworthiness, analyzing power quality is the key to verify whether the power supply system meets the requirements of the clause. This paper makes deep research on the domestic and foreign power supply quality standard files and detailed introduces the characteristics of the power supply quality standard files. Then, comparative and analysis give suggestions which tally with power supply quality test requirements. Finally, define the special power supply quality test method for the practical engineering specifically, and power supply quality test characteristic in civil aircraft flight test, to provide guidance help for the future civil aircraft models.
Grid-Connected Resonance Suppression Of Group-Series Photovoltaic Cluster Inverters Based On Hybrid Damping
Authors: Li Shengqing , Wang Zhijian
Published: December 2021

Grid-connected group-series photovoltaic cluster inverter system will cause resonance, which will adversely affect the system. To suppress grid-connected resonance, the mathematical model, resonance mechanism and resonance characteristics of the cluster inverters are analyzed, and a global resonance suppression strategy based on hybrid damping is proposed. In the current loop of the inverter, capacitive current feedback and parallel voltage proportional feed-forward are introduced as active dampers to reduce the harmonics of the parallel current. On this basis, RLC type second-order resonance suppression circuit is added as passive damping to suppress system resonance, so that the output current of the inverters can meet the grid-connected conditions when the cluster is connected to the grid. The simulation and experimental results show that the total harmonic distortion of the grid-connected current decreases from 10.54% to 1.97% after three series photovoltaic cluster inverters adopt this strategy, which effectively suppresses the grid-connected resonance.
Power Sharing Control Strategy of High-Frequency Chain Matrix Converter Parallel System Based on Adaptive Virtual Impedance
Authors: Li Shengqing , Tang Xinyun , Zheng Jian , Wang Chenyang
Published: December 2021

In the high frequency link matrix converter parallel system, the impedance parameters on each line are unequal so that the output power of each converter is not equal. To solve this problem, the reason why the power cannot be divided equally under the droop control strategy is analyzed, and a power sharing strategy based on adaptive virtual impedance is proposed. This strategy introduces virtual impedance in a voltage-current dual-loop system with droop control, and uses the converter’s power information and output power factor to adaptively adjust the amplitude and phase of the virtual impedance, so that different branches have the same equivalent output impedance to compensate The voltage drop on the line impedance, while adding the droop control fine-tuning compensation link, so as to realize the load power sharing. Simulation results show that the proposed strategy can effectively improve the accuracy of output power sharing and ensure the stability of the system output voltage amplitude.
Harmonic Suppression Strategy of Photovoltaic Grid Connected Inverter Based on Repetitive and PI Control
Authors: Li Shengqing , Han Wang , Li Xiaobao , Wang Zhijian
Published: December 2021

To address the serious harmonic problem of grid connected current in photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, a harmonic suppression strategy based on Repetitive and PI control is proposed in this thesis. According to this strategy, the mathematical model of LCL photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is established with the harmonic mechanism analyzed, the repetitive and PI control is added into the current controller, and the capacitive-current feedback is added to enhance the system damping. Furthermore, it puts PI control on the inner loop and the repetitive control on the outer loop to improve the dynamic performance and achieve the harmonic suppression of the system. Moreover, the simulation results show that this method improves the dynamic response ability of the system, and effectively suppress the grid-connected current harmonics as THD of grid-connected current is 19.65% lower than that of PI controller.
Modeling and Performance of Mine MIMO Channel Based on Geometric Stochastic Characteristics
Authors: Li Haocong
Published: December 2021

MIMO technology has become one of the most promising content in mobile wireless communication, and it has shown positive application value in both application and innovation. On the basis of understanding the current development status of MIMO channel technology, this paper analyzes the standardization of MIMO to the future development trend according to the modeling of broadband dryness ratio of GBSM.
Performance Analysis of Navigation Signal Based on FH-BOC Modulation System
Authors: Zhang Minshu , Zhang Lixin , Xu Qibing , Bian Lang
Published: December 2021

Based on the traditional BOC modulation system, a new navigation signal system based on FH-BOC is proposed in this paper. The simulation and verification of FH-BOC signal are carried out, and the modulation characteristics, code tracking performance and anti-interference performance of FH-BOC signal are analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of the modified system are verified. The results show that FH-BOC signal has good ranging and anti-interference ability, which is suitable for navigation system and can reduce the ambiguity of BOC signal’s secondary peak to a certain extent. At the same time, the T has important scientific significance and application value to improve the countermeasure capability of other satellite navigation systems.
The Application of Manufacturing Execution System in Virtual Manufacturing
Authors: Pan Fangyu , Bai Yuewei , Liu Shupiao , Nie Li
Published: December 2021

Compaired with mart manufacturing and digital manufacturing, virtual manufacturing is a more advanced mode, which is more flexible, more inexpensive and more suitable for modern competitive society. No matter what type of manufacturing, Manufacturing Execution System (MES) is necessary and plays a key role. So this paper focuses on the MES in virtual manufacturing. MES serves as a bridge to connect the upper planning layer and the control layer of the factory. It has at least 8 functions, including data collection, production process management, human resource management, workpieces tracking, production planning and scheduling, quality control, documentation system and maintenance management. As a typical virtual manufacturing enterprise, the company A is chosen to be introduced, including the background, composition of MES and implementation of MES.
Research on Innovation of Design Education Based on Artificial Intelligence Technology
Authors: Yang Yan , Sha Zijian
Published: December 2021

The network teaching assistance system uses the form of dialogue to discuss the teaching content with students, the course schedule arrangement, the way and technology of teaching and training, which can effectively improve the teaching quality, shorten the teaching time and increase the teaching efficiency to achieve the established optimization of teaching purposes. In this paper, a forum system for experimental teaching is proposed, which aims to establish a public communication platform to serve the experimental teaching process, and to apply it to the exchange and study between the experimental instructors and students. Through text multimedia technology, the quality of experimental teaching is improved, and students’ practical ability and innovative thinking are cultivated. The experimental teaching forum uses B/S structure to design the interactive platform of information exchange, and presents the information to the user through the browser. The transaction logic is processed by the server side, and the front-end represents the exchange of information.
Research on Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning Character Recognition Algorithm Based on Feature Fusion
Authors: He Dongdong , Zhang Yaping
Published: December 2021

With the continuous progress of science and information technology, people begin to study in the field of intelligence, and machine learning is one of the key contents. At present, human beings have made some progress in intelligent robot, speech recognition and network search. The method of character recognition based on machine learning is of great significance to information technology. In this paper, an improved CRNN algorithm based on feature fusion is proposed, which combines Gabor features and Zernike moment features into a new feature vector, and then uses generalized K-L transform to compress the new feature dimension to remove redundant information. After testing, the accuracy of CRNN based on feature fusion on training data set and test data set is as high as 0.99, which shows that the neural network model can perfectly fit the training set of Chinese character recognition.
Research on Mountain Fire Detection method of UAV based on Mathematical Modeling method
Authors: Jiang Hongchao , Wu Di , Tan Yating
Published: December 2021

For the first question, we establish two main models for SSA drones and repeater drones respectively. For repeater drones, we establish a grid search model, aiming at terrain, repeater range limits and other restrictions, by gradually removing the grid points, work out the optimal position and quantity of the repeater drones. For SSA drones, we also use the grid search model, considering the flight parameters of SAA drones, to find the position of the charging station (EOC) and fully meet the charging needs of SSA drones. Considering the impact of the size of fire, we divide the size of the fire into three levels, which correspond to different SSA drones demand quantities, and referred to the VRPTW algorithm to solve the TSP problem with different node requirements. Finally, we use genetic algorithm to optimize.
The Technical Scheme Optimization of Nuclear Vessel Hydrostatic Test
Authors: Zhang Zhenguo , Feng Huixing , Zhao Weihua , Li Maochao , Xu Xiaobing , Li Jiuqiang
Published: December 2021

Nuclear vessel hydrostatic test is an important means of sealing and pressure resistance, because the nuclear vessel hydrostatic test involves important system and key equipment, how to optimize the nuclear vessel hydraulic test is a worthy topic. This paper discusses how to optimize nuclear vessel hydrostatic test technology, mainly from three aspects to optimize, such as the optimization of working ticket logic, the optimization of vessel hydrostatic test implementation, and the optimization of hydrostatic test equipment. Optimization of hydrostatic test scheme provides significance reference for plant maintenance.
Analysis of the level of community readiness in Kecamatan Penajam as a buffer area for the plan to move the Capital City of Nega
Authors: Syafitri E D , Dewanti A N , Ulimaz M
Published: December 2021

The transfer of the capital a state has been experienced by several countries with diverse reason. Problems the reason for conducting the capital city can happened again next new capital city when people are not capable of prepare. Capital city Indonesia planned to move in East Kalimantan. Locations planned to be the capital city are Samboja and Sepaku, Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara. Displacement capital city Indonesia was one of national development giving effect in creating sustainable development, it is important to know the community condition of readiness to the development. Besides the transfer of the capital city, it is necessary to know the comunity condition of readiness as the supporting areas, this is important because community readiness which is at supporting areas will giving positive and negative effect to development. The purpose of this research analyzed levels of the readiness of the community in Kecamatan Penajam toward the transfer state capitals using community readiness model. The research showed the final score the readiness in Kecamatan Penajam are in the denial/resistance at level 2.
Measuring pedestrian accessibility of Transit Oriented Development area in surabaya (a study case: Joyoboyo Terminal)
Authors: Zahra A A , Ahyudanari E
Published: December 2021

The Surabaya government has embarked development of urban public transportation to reduce the tendency of private vehicle usage. Urban transport development is also coupled with strategic planning for development around stations, known as transit-oriented development (TOD). The TOD areas are still in pre-development planning phases as the Surabaya mass rapid transit project has not started yet. One of the pre-development planning TOD in Surabaya is Joyoboyo Terminal. This research aims to evaluate Joyoboyo TOD readiness to represent the area where people are physically able to walk. The accessibility of Joyoboyo TOD measured by distance traveled to Joyoboyo terminal. Findings showed only 53.04% of Joyoboyo TOD is accessible in current condition and it is increased 6.7% if scenario 2 applied. The accessibility map represents a suitable area for public space and a decent area for high-density housing in Joyoboyo TOD. These findings represent the basis requirements for developing a TOD area in Surabaya, especially Joyoboyo TOD.
The impact of physical and non-physical factors of houses on the tuberculosis endemic sufferer cases in Magelang
Authors: Husna P F , Musyawaroh  , Astuti W
Published: December 2021

The house becomes one of the basic human needs after food and clothing. The quality of the house is determined by physical factors and other factors such as the socio-cultural economy of the inhabitants. Tuberculosis is one of the most infectious diseases with high mortality in Indonesia, Central Java ranks third on the national scale after West Java and East Java in 2016. Magelang has the highest new cases of tuberculosis in Central Java at 775.32 per 100,000 population in 2016 and increase case 845.4 per 100,000 population in 2017. Tuberculosis infection occurs with various factors, including physical (home), and non-physical (socio-cultural and economic) of the inhabitants. The problem is how the physical and non-physical factors of the house affect on the endemic cases of tuberculosis patients in Magelang. The purpose of the study is to examine the effect of physical and non-physical factors on the increasing cases of tuberculosis patients in Magelang. In this article, the researcher uses qualitative descriptive methods with literature review. The results of this review literature will be used to examine empirical cases in Magelang.
Factors influencing adequate sanitation on domestic wastewater management of black water type in Margasari Village
Authors: Muliana R , Ghozali A , Ariyaningsih
Published: December 2021

Sanitation on the domestic wastewater management (WWM) component was a severe concern in the slums of Margasari Village, which has two characteristics area, administrative neighborhood above water, and neighborhood on land. The universal access to adequate sanitation was only 35.8%. Therefore, Margasari Village belonged in the priority zone of sanitation risk at a very high level for domestic wastewater problems. The purpose of this research was to identify important factors to increase the adequateness sanitation on the black water domestic WWM in Margasari Village. The questionnaires spread on 345 household samples taken at 32 neighborhoods as the data collection method. Identification factors had done through two stages of analysis. The comparative descriptive analysis used to determine characteristics of the domestic WWM black water type obtained the findings that the neighborhood above water had low users percentage of adequate black water domestic WWM. Second, binary logistic regression analysis was to identify the factors that affect the adequatess domestic WWM of black water type, four significant factors encompassing household income, knowledge level, financing willingness, and ease of technology. Significant factors not only increased adequate sanitation, but also contribute to the development of appropriate environmental and public health policies related to slums settlement.
Spatial distribution in the emergence of coffee shops in Surakarta
Authors: Maulana R R , Cahyono U J , Muqoffa M
Published: December 2021

The phenomenon of the rise of coffee-drinking has become a trend economic-cultural as globalization in lifestyle for the community in Surakarta. This coffee-drinking habit increasingly supporting the emergence of coffee shops that keep flourishing and the number continuously expand. Specifically, each coffee shop presents their own theme and display the architectural style that show its earmark of the coffee shops. It indicates that the growth of coffee shop has contributed to enrich the architecture in the city. The aim of the paper to identify spatial distribution patterns of the emergence of coffee shop in Surakarta. The research is carried out through spatial analysis, which is mapping the distribution of the coffee shops. Later, use spatial observation to find the patterns of distribution from the emergence of the coffee shop. As a result, is expected to be an outset for further research of spatial development structure as seen from the growth of coffee shop in Surakarta.
Javanese architectural concept on the spatial pattern of Surakarta Grand Mosque
Authors: Adityaningrum D , Pitana T S , Setyaningsih W
Published: December 2021

A mosque is a cultural product related to the system of ideas and activities of the community. Physically, the form of the Surakarta Grand Mosque is based on a view of life rooted in the beliefs of Javanese people’s religion, who have Islamic-Javanese religious beliefs. In particular, this study aims to identify and analyse elements of Javanese architecture that are applied to the spatial patterns of Surakarta Grand Mosque building. This study uses qualitative descriptive methods with narrative approaches. The study concludes that elements of Javanese architecture in the spatial pattern of Surakarta Great Mosque building have spatial pattern characteristics similar to traditional Javanese houses namely the Joglo House. From the architectural elements of Surakarta Great Mosque building there are local wisdom values that can be taken namely the value of truth, moral value, aesthetic value, and religious values.
Use of geographic information systems in crisis management
Authors: Brumarová L , Kukuliač P , Brumar J
Published: December 2021

Key factor in the crisis management decision-making process is complete, easy-to-use, and quickly available spatial information on protected interests, preparedness, and vulnerability in the area. Technology progression of geographic information systems help us significantly simplify and speed up this process. It helps us to visualize this essential information for the strategic level of crisis management.
The quality of bottom sediments in small water reservoirs located in agricultural watersheds
Authors: Junakova N , Balintova M , Junak J , Singovszka E
Published: December 2021

Silting of water reservoirs by sediments detached through soil erosion is a serious water management problem. One of the solutions is direct application of sediments to the soil. The aim of the paper is to monitor the quality of bottom sediments taken from selected water reservoirs in the eastern Slovakia (Hervartov, Nižný Žipov, Byšta) and to evaluate their quality according to legislation. The results showed that the concentrations of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in sediments are higher than in soils taken from the vicinity of reservoirs.Simultaneously, it was confirmed that the sediment in the evaluated reservoirs meets the physicochemical parameters according to the Act No. 188/2003 Coll. for direct application to the soil.
Algae as a part of microorganisms involved in biocorrosion of cement composites with total replacement of natural aggregates by photovoltaic glass
Authors: Máčalová K , Kučová K , Václavík V , Dvorský T , Charvát J , Papesch R
Published: December 2021

Algae of the Pleurococcus, Trentepohlia and Stichococcus genera were selected for the experiment on the cement composites with total replacement of natural aggregates by recycled photovoltaic glass. The growth of the algae was monitored on cement beams with dimension 40 x 40 x 8 mm (length x width x height) and on the cement crumbling in various proportion. In the case of cement composites with recycled glass from photovoltaic panels, intensive growth was observed in the Trentepohlia genus from the Chlorophyceae class, while in the case of cement crumbling with recycled photovoltaic glass, the most obvious growth in biomass was recorded in the Pleurococcus genus; the Stichococcus and Trentepohlia genera showed minimal or zero growth. This minimal growth is mainly influenced by the pH value and the fact that biocorrosion is accompanied by the effect of symbiotizing microbiota, which mutually support each other, not just one species.
New modes of transport and their impact on international transport
Authors: Petrová M , Krügerová M , Kozieł M
Published: December 2021

Various alternative transport options are currently being developed. The business environment as well as legislation must respond to these. It is possible that in a few years we will encounter modes of transport that were unknown until recently. Whether it is air transport by drones or autonomous vehicles, these are just concepts that are at a more advanced stage of implementation. The task of the legislation will be to respond to these stimuli to avoid uncertainty. These changes will have a major impact on the international transport of goods. The advantage of these alternative modes of transport is the lower impact on the environment, when alternative modes are usually used to power them. The aim of this article is to identify opportunities of new modes of transport on international trade relations. The international legal environment must face new challenges and respond in advance to possible modes of alternative transport. The practice is known that if an adequate legal framework is not created, these alternative modes of transport will develop uncontrollably and after that it will be very difficult to introduce any changes or rules. One way to do this is to implement any changes to the Incoterms. There is also a variant of introducing uniform international standards or, in the case of EU directives, that would address this issue.
Condition of urban park infrastructure in the context of perceived security of park users
Authors: Polko P , Kimic K
Published: December 2021

Personal security is one of the key aspects affected by the perception of urban greenery, which plays an important role for city dwellers. The survey conducted in Poland in 2020 (N=394) aimed to check how important for park users in context of perceived security are selected factors related to maintenance of different types of park infrastructure (condition of equipment and pavement, also condition of greenery), level of park cleanliness (filling of the rubbish bins, litter on the ground, and graffiti on different types of facilities), and elements related to the use of park space (paths, varied topography, functional aids, and water). The condition of equipment was assessed as a factor of high impact (average of 4.13 in 5-point Likert scale), as well as the presence of park paths (4.02). The results indicate that all 10 of the examined factors are recognized as important (3 and higher). They also show that both women (compared to men) and older respondents (compared to those under 60) assessed higher the importance of factors related to the condition of elements of infrastructure and pavement, as well as the level of cleanliness in urban parks in shaping their personal sense of security.
Methodological development for teaching environmental management within the framework of the university research and teaching project in the Central of Heredia (March to September 2020), Costa Rica. A preliminary study
Authors: Durán Sosa R , Alexandre Castanho R
Published: December 2021

In January 2020, the “Urban and social reconfiguration project of Heredia, and youth population, 1985-2020” starts its operations. Its objective is to analyze the urban capacities for social life, and the imprint of young people has developed between 1985 to 2020 in Heredia. Thus, to achieve the proposed goals, a methodology is established that joins research and teaching areas. Consequences of institutional policies impact this methodology to come from a national emergency of Covid-19, which causes the substantial methodological changes of the project. This preliminary study aims to communicate the methodological challenges in teaching environmental management in the current context. The method is interviews applied to students and academics participating in the project, consultation of secondary sources, records, databases, institutional reports, and observation of areas representing a less epidemiological risk to researchers. The conclusions of this experience are the following: (i) changes in the techniques of the methods and tools used in science; (ii) resilience of academic staff to take on extra hours; development of new learning technologies; and (iii) approach to the pedagogical discussion related to the project in the current conditions, which it makes a solid and enriching panorama for academic issues.
On weak solution of SDE driven by inhomogeneous singular Lévy noise
Authors: Kulczycki Tadeusz , Kulik Alexei , Ryznar Michał
Published: December 2021

We study a time-inhomogeneous SDE in

R

d

\mathbb {R}^d

driven by a cylindrical Lévy process with independent coordinates which may have different scaling properties. Such a structure of the driving noise makes it strongly spatially inhomogeneous and complicates the analysis of the model significantly. We prove that the weak solution to the SDE is uniquely defined, is Markov, and has the strong Feller property. The heat kernel of the process is presented as a combination of an explicit ‘principal part’ and a ‘residual part’, subject to certain

L
∞

(
d
x
)
⊗

L
1

(
d
y
)

L^\infty (dx)\otimes L^1(dy)

and

L
∞

(
d
x
)
⊗

L
∞

(
d
y
)

L^\infty (dx)\otimes L^\infty (dy)

-estimates showing that this part is negligible in a short time, in a sense. The main tool of the construction is the analytic parametrix method, specially adapted to Lévy-type generators with strong spatial inhomogeneities.
A systems approach to investigate GPCR-mediated Ras signaling network in chemoattractant sensing
Authors: Xu Xuehua , Quan Wei , Zhang Fengkai , Jin Tian
Published: December 2021

Simmune is used to construct spatiotemporal models of a signaling network and run computational simulations without writing mathematical equations. This approach will help biologists to develop and analyze computational models that parallel live-cell experiments.
Involvement of Smi1 in cell wall integrity and glucan synthase Bgs4 localization during fission yeast cytokinesis
Authors: Longo Larissa V. G. , Goodyear Evelyn G. , Zhang Sha , Kudryashova Elena , Wu Jian-Qiu
Published: December 2021

Smi1 regulates the trafficking and localization of glucan synthases, especially Bgs4, at the division site in fission yeast, which is crucial for successful septum synthesis and cell separation during cytokinesis.
A multiparametric activity profiling platform for neuron disease phenotyping and drug screening
Authors: Boivin Bruno , Roet Kasper C. D. , Huang Xuan , Karhohs Kyle W. , Rohban Mohammad H. , Sandoe Jack , Wiskow Ole , Maeda Rie , Grantham Alyssa , Dornon Mary K. , Shao Jenny , Frost Devlin , Baker Dylan , Eggan Kevin , Carpenter Anne E. , Woolf Clifford J.
Published: December 2021

A novel cloud-based image processing and analysis platform is described that captures the intricate activity profiles revealed by GCaMP fluorescence recordings of intracellular calcium changes. It enables the discovery of molecules that correct 153 parameters that define the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis motor neuron disease phenotype.
Bespoke Instruments: A new tool for addressing unmeasured confounders
Authors: Richardson David B , Tchetgen Tchetgen Eric J
Published: December 2021

Suppose that an investigator is interested in quantifying an exposure-disease causal association in a setting where the exposure, disease, and some potential confounders of the association of interest have been measured. However, there remains concern about residual confounding of the association of interest by unmeasured confounders. We propose an approach to account for residual bias due to unmeasured confounders. The proposed approach uses a measured confounder to derive a “bespoke” instrumental variable that is tailored to the study population and is used to control for bias due to residual confounding. The approach may provide a useful tool for assessing and accounting for bias due to residual confounding. We provide a formal description of the conditions for identification of causal effects, illustrate the method using simulations, and provide an empirical example concerning mortality among Japanese atomic bomb survivors.
MYB42 inhibits hypocotyl cell elongation by coordinating brassinosteroid homeostasis and signalling in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Zhuang Yamei , Lian Wenjun , Tang Xianfeng , Qi Guang , Wang Dian , Chai Guohua , Zhou Gongke
Published: December 2021

Background and Aims

The precise control of brassinosteroid (BR) homeostasis and signalling is a prerequisite for hypocotyl cell elongation in plants. Arabidopsis MYB42 and its paralogue MYB85 were previously identified to be positive regulators of secondary cell wall formation during mature stages. Here, we aim to reveal the role of MYB42 and MYB85 in hypocotyl elongation during the seedling stage and clarify how MYB42 coordinates BR homeostasis and signalling to regulate this process.

Methods

Histochemical analysis of proMYB42-GUS transgenic plants was used for determination of the MYB42 expression pattern. The MYB42, 85 overexpression, double mutant and some crossing lines were generated for phenotypic observation and transcriptome analysis. Transcription activation assays, quantitative PCR (qPCR), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-qPCR and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) were conducted to determine the relationship of MYB42 and BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1 (BZR1), a master switch activating BR signalling.

Key Results

MYB42 and MYB85 redundantly and negatively regulate hypocotyl cell elongation. They function in hypocotyl elongation by mediating BR signalling. MYB42 transcription was suppressed by BR treatment or in bzr1-1D (a gain-of-function mutant of BZR1), and mutation of both MYB42 and MYB85 enhanced the dwarf phenotype of the BR receptor mutant bri1-5. BZR1 directly repressed MYB42 expression in response to BR. Consistently, hypocotyl length of bzr1-1D was increased by simultaneous mutation of MYB42 and MYB85, but was reduced by overexpression of MYB42. Expression of a number of BR-regulated BZR1 (non-)targets associated with hypocotyl elongation was suppressed by MYB42, 85. Furthermore, MYB42 enlarged its action in BR signalling through feedback repression of BR accumulation and activation of DOGT1/UGT73C5, a BR-inactivating enzyme.

Conclusions

MYB42 inhibits hypocotyl elongation by coordinating BR homeostasis and signalling during primary growth. The present study shows an MYB42, 85-mediated multilevel system that contributes to fine regulation of BR-induced hypocotyl elongation.
Poor acclimation to experimental field drought in subalpine forest tree seedlings
Authors: Goke Alex , Martin Patrick H
Published: December 2021

The ability of tree species to acclimate and tolerate projected increases in drought frequency and intensity has fundamental implications for future forest dynamics with climate change. Inquiries to date on the drought tolerance capacities of tree species, however, have focused almost exclusively on mature trees with scant in situ work on seedlings, despite the central role that regeneration dynamics play in forest responses to changing conditions. We subjected naturally established seedlings of co-dominant subalpine conifer species (Abies lasiocarpa and Picea engelmannii) in the southern Rocky Mountains to 2 years of in situ summer precipitation exclusion, simulating summer drought conditions similar to a failure of the North American monsoon. We compared the morphological and physiological responses of seedlings growing in drought vs. ambient conditions to assess the relative changes in drought tolerance traits as a function of seedling size. Drought treatments had a marked impact on soil moisture: volumetric water content averaged ≈5–8 % in drought treatments and ≈8–12 % in ambient controls. We detected no significant shifts in morphology (e.g. root biomass, leaf:stem area ratio) in response to drought for either species, but net photosynthesis in drought treatments was 78 % lower for spruce and 37 % lower for fir. Greater stomatal control associated with increasing stem diameter conferred greater water use efficiencies in larger seedlings in both species but was not significantly different between drought and ambient conditions, suggesting an overall lack of responsivity to water stress and a prioritization of carbon gain over investment in drought mitigation traits. These results indicate a canonization of traits that, while useful for early seedling establishment, may portend substantial vulnerability of subalpine seedling populations to prolonged or recurrent droughts, especially for spruce.
II—No Duty to Resist: Why Individual Resistance Is an Ineffective Response to Dominant Beauty Ideals
Authors: Widdows Heather
Published: December 2021

In this paper I argue that the way to reduce the power of overdemanding beauty ideals is not to advocate that individuals have a ‘duty to resist’, a duty to stop engaging in appearance enhancing practices and body work. I begin by arguing against the claim that women who ‘do’ beauty are suffering from false consciousness. I then give four further additional arguments against advocating a ‘duty to resist’ as an effective means to challenge dominant beauty norms. First, that as a tactic it is ineffective. Second, it is an individual approach which divides and silences. Third, it induces shame and blame, and undermines effective collective action. Fourth, it fails to recognize the privilege of the group norms which make resistance possible.
Prolonged neutrophilia is associated with worse outcomes after Esophagectomy
Authors: Bostock Ian C , Zhou Nicolas , Antonoff Mara B , Murphy Mariela Blum , Lin Steven , Maru Dipen , Mehran Reza , Rajaram Ravi , Rice David , Sepesi Boris , Swisher Stephen , Vaporciyan Ara , Walsh Garrett , Hofstetter Wayne
Published: December 2021

Neutrophilia is a potential biomarker for postoperative complications and oncologic outcomes. There is a paucity of data regarding neutrophilia in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma. Our Institutional Database was queried for esophageal adenocarcinoma patients who underwent esophagectomy from 2006 to 2019. Complete blood counts (CBC), demographic characteristics, perioperative and oncologic outcomes were evaluated. Two groups were created based on the presence of prolonged neutrophilia (PN, >7,000 absolute neutrophils 90 days after surgery). Univariate, multivariable, and survival analysis were performed (P-value < 0.05). We identified 686 patients with complete CBC data: 565 in the no prolonged neutrophilia (NPN) and 121 in the PN groups (17.6%). The mean age was 54 versus 48 years in the NPN and PN groups (P = 0.01). There was no difference in height, weight, gender, race, tumor size, histology, pTNM, PS, ASA, salvage procedure, neoadjuvant treatment and comorbidities. On multivariable analysis, the PN group had increased transfusions (19.8% vs. 11.9%; P = 0.02), aspiration (13.2% vs. 2.5%; P = 0.002), pulmonary embolus (3.3% vs. 0.4%; P = 0.02), cardiac arrest (5% vs. 0.4%; P = 0.02) and hematologic complications (23.1% vs. 12.6%; P = 0.01). After controlling for any postoperative complication, PN had increased distant recurrence (24% vs. 12.7%; hazard ration [HR]: 2.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.42–3.9; P = 0.001) and decreased OS (33.8% vs. 49.7%, HR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.19–2.81; P = 0.006); median follow up 77 months (46–109). PN was predictive of distant recurrence and decreased overall survival. Further work investigating these neutrophil populations represents a potential area for biomarker research, immunomodulation, and may guide postoperative surveillance strategies.
Sustainable low-field cardiovascular magnetic resonance in changing healthcare systems
Authors: Qin Cathy , Murali Sanjana , Lee Elsa , Supramaniam Vaishnavi , Hausenloy Derek J , Obungoloch Johnes , Brecher Joanna , Lin Rongyu , Ding Hao , Akudjedu Theophilus N , Anazodo Udunna C , Jagannathan Naranamangalam R , Ntusi Ntobeko A B , Simonetti Orlando P , Campbell-Washburn Adrienne E , Niendorf Thoralf , Mammen Regina , Adeleke Sola
Published: December 2021

Cardiovascular disease continues to be a major burden facing healthcare systems worldwide. In the developed world, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is a well-established non-invasive imaging modality in the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. However, there is significant global inequality in availability and access to CMR due to its high cost, technical demands as well as existing disparities in healthcare and technical infrastructures across high-income and low-income countries. Recent renewed interest in low-field CMR has been spurred by the clinical need to provide sustainable imaging technology capable of yielding diagnosticquality images whilst also being tailored to the local populations and healthcare ecosystems. This review aims to evaluate the technical, practical and cost considerations of low field CMR whilst also exploring the key barriers to implementing sustainable MRI in both the developing and developed world.
Reliability of cephalometric superimposition for the assessment of craniofacial changes: a systematic review
Authors: Graf Carmen Camila , Dritsas Konstantinos , Ghamri Mohammed , Gkantidis Nikolaos
Published: December 2021

Background

Superimposition of serial cephalometric radiographs enables the assessment of craniofacial changes over time, and therefore, several methods have been suggested in the literature.

Objective

The aim of the present study is to summarize and critically evaluate the available evidence on the reliability of methods used to superimpose serial cephalometric radiographs.

Search methods

Electronic searches were performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Databases, without time limit (last update: 1 November 2020). Unpublished literature was searched on the Open Grey and Grey Literature Report databases.

Selection criteria

Studies that tested the accuracy, precision, or agreement between different cephalometric superimposition techniques, used to evaluate the craniofacial changes due treatment or growth.

Data collection and analysis

Reference lists of relevant articles were screened and authors were contacted, if needed. All study selection steps, data extraction, and risk of bias (QUADAS-2 tool) assessments were performed independently by two authors on predefined forms.

Results

There were 27 eligible studies. From these, 17 tested superimpositions methods on the anterior cranial base, 10 on the maxilla and 12 on the mandible. There were three studies that compared superimpositions on the cranial base with those on the maxilla and one that compared the cranial base with the mandibular superimposition. There was high heterogeneity among studies in terms of sample size, growth, radiographic machines, selection criteria, superimposition methods, references, and outcomes measured. Furthermore, almost all studies presented important methodological limitations, with only two studies having unclear risk of bias and the rest 25 presenting high risk.

Conclusions

Currently, there is no cephalometric superimposition method that has been proved to deliver accurate results. There is an urgent need for further research in this topic, since this is a primary assessment method to assess craniofacial changes over time for several relevant disciplines.

Registration

PROSPERO (CRD42020200349).