bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Prospective Study on the Relationship Between Cervical Dilatation at Initial Presentation in Labour and Subsequent Outcome in Nulliparous Women
Authors: Kabiraj Smriti Kona , Bhowmik Juthi , Deb Nath Haradhan
Published: January 2015

Background: The spontaneous birth of a live infant can convey a huge degree of both satisfaction and achievement for both the mother and her partner. Many factors influence the variation in rates of caesarean section among hospitals throughout the world. These included patients demographic characteristics, underlying medical and obstetric complication, hospital facilities, hospital practice and physician practice style. Objective: The present study was planned to determine how the outcome of women change with timing of admission either in active or latent phase of spontaneous labour.Methods: This was a prospective observational study, which was conducted at labour ward, department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BSMMU hospital and DMCH Dhaka, from February 1, 2008 to August 30, 2008, where data were collected prospectively. Patients with any medical or obstetric complications, rupture of membrane antenatally diagnosed fetal anomalies or death and with prior caesarean section were excluded from the study. Patients with cervical dilatation at less than 4cm were in group I. On the other hand, patients with cervical dilatation of 4 cm or more in active phase and these types of patients were allocated in group II.Results: Outcome differences were compared using chi-square(X2) test, fishers exact test, A p value <0.05 considered significant. Main outcome variables were duration of labour, mode of delivery, indication for caesarean section, need for oxytocin, labour analgesia, Apgar score <7, maternal PPH and postpartum hospital stay. A total 500 patients were enrolled during the study period. Of them 308 patients were (61.6%) in group I and 192 patients (38.4%) in group II. Dystocia was the main indication for caesarean delivery in early admitted group which was 58.6% and fetal distress in late admitted group which was 37.5%. Second commonest indication for caesarean section was fetal distress which was 31.6% in group I and dystocia 50.0% in group II). Oxytocin for augmentation was used in 70.0% in group I and 30.0% in group II.Conclusion: It is shown that early admission to the hospital in low-risk women may negatively affect the outcome of labour and are at increased risk of prolonged labour, more oxytocin used, increased rate of caesarean section.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v13i1.19417
Testicular FNAC in Azoospermia
Authors: Ahmad M. Shahab Uddin , Islam Sk Md. Jaynul , Chowdhury Md. Babul Osman , Khanam Shireen Akhtar , Ahmed ASM Mostaque
Published: January 2015

Aim: To describe the technique and findings of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the testes for the assessment of azoospermic male infertility.Methods: Fifty four azoospermic patients were included in this study. A single dose of diclofenac sodium (50mg) Supository was given per rectally half an hour before aspiration. The FNA was done on both testes under surface anesthesia with 23G needle attached to a 10ml disposable syringe. Aspirated smears were stained with H&E.Results: Normal spermatogenesis in both testes was found in 6(11.11%), only in right testis 03(5.55%) and only in left testis 03(5.55%) cases. Hypo spermatogenesis in 07(12.96%) cases . Sertoli cell syndrome in 05(9.26%) and maturation arrest in 30 (55.60%) cases. No significant complications were noted.Conclusion: FNAC of testis is a simple, well tolerated and informative procedure in assesing azoospermia.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v13i1.19419
Few Aspects of Government Primary School Environment at Hathazari Upazilla of Chittagong
Authors: Uddin M Jalal , Barua Shaibal , Elahi Qudrat-E , Uddin Shahid
Published: January 2015

School health environment is very important for school students. To observe existing school environment we conducted the study. A total of 11 government primary school of hathazari upazilla were studied to observe about few aspects of school environment. The study was conducted during first week of May, 2012. Purposively selected primary schools were physically surveyed by the investigators. The result was as follows: Average students 373, average teachers 8.73 and average staffs were 0.45. Average school area was 23 decimal and average floor space was 2230 sft. 82% schools were provided with tube wells and 100% school had toilet facilities. Only 18% schools provided mid-day meal. Electricity was connected with all schools. Cleanliness was satisfactory in 55% schools and 82% schools were found fenced. There was gap between standard and existing facilities. So, it should be minimized.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v13i1.19421
Coarctation of Aorta
Authors: Sheikh Naveen , Adhikary Dipal Krishna
Published: January 2015

Coarctation derived from Latin term coartatio, which translated literally means a drawing together. When used in the context of congenital heart disease, Coarctation refers to an area of narrowing of the thoracic aorta in the region of the insertion of arterial duct, with or without additional abnormalities of the aortic arch.Aortic Coarctation accounts for 6-8% life births with congenital heart disease. Coarctation occurs more commonly in males, with a male: female ratio ranging from 1.27 to 1.74.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v13i1.19422
Phonophoresis in Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder)
Authors: Barua Sunam Kumar , Chowdhury Md. Zahangir Alam
Published: January 2015

Adhesive capsulitis  also known as frozen shoulder, pericapsulitis, scapulohumeral periarthritis or check- rein syndrome. The condition usually resolves spontaneously after about 18 months. Adhesive capsulitis is a common musculoskeletal disorder mainly affecting middle aged adults. Also self care activities and occupational activities decreases depends on which shoulder is involved, for instance, self care, grooming, combing hair, eating and dressing are impaired if right shoulder is involved for right handed person, on the other hand dressing and perineal care are hampered if left shoulder is involved.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v13i1.19423
Early Detection of Central Pontine Myelinolysis with MRI: A Case Study
Authors: Chowdhury Goutam , Ryhan Uddin Abdul Ahad Mohammed , Rouf Md. Abdur , Biswas Rajat Sanker Roy , Ismail Md. , Siraj Md. , Rahman Mohammed Musfequr
Published: January 2015

Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) is a complication of treatment of patients with severe hyponatremia. The microscopic appearance of central pontine myelinolysis is loss of myelin with sparing of axons, without evidence of inflammation. The abnormalities associated with central pontine myelinolysis are readily identified on magnetic resonance imaging scans. A patient with central pontine myelinolysis following rapid correction of hyponatremia was studied with magnetic resonance imaging soon after onset of tetraplegia & dysarthria. Affected central pontine white matter showed restricted diffusion on diffusion-weighted images associated with hyper signal on T2-W & FLAIR images. MRI with dedicated sequences is the modality of choice for early detection of osmotic changes in the brain.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v13i1.19427
Clinicopathological correlation of liver biopsy- study of 50 cases
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Murad , Khandaker Md Abul Kashem , Azad Khan Abul Kalam , Sardar Md Hafiz , Deb Shudip Ranjan , Mallik Md Uzzwl
Published: January 2015

Background: The liver biopsy is considered by many experts to be the most specific diagnostic tool used to assess the nature and severity of liver diseases such as hepatitis C. Liver biopsies are important for many reasons, such as accurate diagnosis or ruling out any coexisting liver diseases, staging and grading the severity of liver disease, treatment decisions, patient and provider reassurance, and as a benchmark for gauging future progression. Methods: In this observational study, 50 patients were recruited from different Medicine units of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, from May, 2008 to June, 2009. After preliminary selection of patients, a specific protocol was followed which include patients particulars, clinical features and clinical diagnosis, biochemical parameters, radiological and other investigative procedures and finally percutaneous needle biopsy of liver was done. The objective of the study was to establish the correlation of clinical presentation of chronic parenchymal liver disease with histopathological findings and establish liver biopsy as a tool for diagnosis. SPSS version 16.0 was used to analyze the data. Quantitative data were presented in the form of tables and figures. Chi-square test and student t test was done to find out the statistical significance. Results: Histopathologically chronic liver disease (CLD) was found to be the commonest lesion (pd0.05), which was 24 (48%) followed by hepatocellular carcinoma 13(26%) and secondary deposit 02(4%). Eleven cases consist of other findings including normal. CLD commonly presented with loss of appetite (82%), Jaundice (74%), Weight loss (68%), hepatic facies (54%).Hepatocellular carcinoma commonly presented with hepatomegaly (100%), jaundice (61.84%), weight loss (76.92%), and ascites (53.85%). Hepatomegaly was constant feature (100%) of all secondary metastasis. Among two cases of secondary carcinoma one (50%) was adenocarcinoma and another one (50%) was anaplastic type. Out of 29 cases of clinically diagnosed chronic liver disease 24 cases were confirmed histopathologically which was statistically significant (pd0.05). Conclusion: For the establishment of diagnosis and treatment it is mandatory to have a good correlation between clinical features and histopathological finding. Histopathology could detect diseases which were not considered clinically and specific management could only be done depending on histopathology. Therefore, if there is no contraindication, for confirmation of diagnosis liver biopsy still remains the corner stone modality. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v22i2.21520 J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 22, No.2, October, 2013, Page 120-124
Role of chest X-ray in tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis
Authors: Shah Rameez , Talukdar Debesh Chandra , Fakir Md Abu Yousuf , Hossain Mohammad Zaid , Khan AF Mohiuddin , Shaha Partho Sarthi , Kashem Md Abul
Published: January 2015

Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis is not an uncommon entity when it comes to otolaryngology practice in Bangladesh. This study was done in the department of ENT and Head Neck Surgery, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, from January 2012 to January 2013 and was designed to find out chest x-ray abnormalities in apparently chest asymptomatic confirmed tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis without associated diseases. The diagnosis of tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis was confirmed by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and/or smear for acid-fast bacillus, and chest x-ray (PA view) was done in all confirmed cases (n=183). Normal chest x-ray was found in 132 cases (72.13%) and abnormal chest x-ray in 51 cases (27.87%). Pulmonary infiltration, the commonest radiological finding was detected in 32 cases (17.49%), hilar enlargement in 17 cases (9.29%), right paratracheal opacity in 2 (1.09%), obliteration of costophrenic angles in 3 cases (1.64%) and miliary mottling in one case (0.55%). Upper zonal predominance of lung parenchymal infiltrations was noted in 12.57% and right lung involvement in 16.39%. Single zone was affected in 9.84% cases and multiple zones were involved in 7.65% cases. We observed right hilar enlargement in 6.56%, left hilar lymphadenopathy in 4.37% and bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy in 2.73% cases. We concluded that routine chest x-ray should be done in all tuberculous lymphadenitis before categorization and starting of treatment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v22i2.21521 J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 22, No.2, October, 2013, Page 125-128
Association between allergic rhinitis and atopic bronchial asthma: a study of 125 cases
Authors: Islam Md Zahidul , Ahmad Mohiuddin , Ahmed Nafiza , Haque Md Emdadul , Kabir AKM Humayon , Talukder Debesh Chandra , Sarker Mohammad Abdul Sattar
Published: January 2015

Background: The aim of the present study was to see the prevalence of allergic comorbidities among the countrys population and to increase impression of cost savings in the management of allergic comorbidities. Methods: The study was done in the ENT outpatient department (OPD) of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, from January 2011 to January 2012 and 125 patients with allergic rhinitis with or without other allergies were selected over the period of study. Results: Among the patients affected by allergic rhinitis along with other allergies 64% patients were male and 36% were female. Maximum patients for both male and female were of the age group of 21-30 years (46%). From the occupational point of view, students were mostly affected (34% of the total patients). Maximum patients were suffering from allergic rhinitis along with atopic asthma and allergic conjunctivitis (22%) and atopic asthma patients were about 55% of the total patients of allergic rhinitis. Maximum patients of atopic asthma were of the age group of 21-30 years (48%) for both male and female. 100% asthmatic patients were suffering from chest tightness, 90% from cough, 87% from respiratory distress, 22% from wheeze 85% patients got positive stair test. 82% of the total patients of allergic rhinitis got eosinophilia, 68% got hyperimmunoglobulinemia IgE and 25% got eosinophil in their nasal smear. 87% patients with atopic asthma got eosinophilia, 83% got hyperimmunoglobulinemia IgE and 45% got eosinophil in their nasal smear- maximum patients (17%) got the total circulatory eosinophil level from 901 to 1000 per cubic milimeter and maximum patients (32%) got the IgE level from 100-300 per international unit. A good number of patients with atopic asthma selected randomly underwent spirometry test after having proper and adequate treatment of allergic rhinitis for few months along with bronchodilator for few weeks and they got no pulmonary obstruction. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v22i2.21524 J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 22, No.2, October, 2013, Page 144-150
Comparative study between the outcome of Laparoscopic Palomo and open inguinal Varicocelectomy
Authors: Karmaker Uttam , Alam SM Mahbub , Chowdhury Md Shafiqul Alam , Rahman Mohammed Mizanur , Islam Md Nazmul , Rahman Md Mustafizur , Saha Prodyut Kumar
Published: January 2015

Background: The ideal method of varicocele treatment is a controversial issue. The present study was designed to compare the outcome of laparoscopic palomo and open inguinal varicocelectomy. Methods: The present quasi experimental study was conducted in the Department of Urology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, between July 2010 and June 2012 to compare the outcome of open inguinal and laparoscopic Palomo approach of varicocelectomy. Purposively selected 50 patients were divided into equal two groups, Group A and Group B treated with open inguinal varicocelectomy and laparoscopic Palomo varicocelectomy respectively. Statistical analyses were done by using SPSS and p value <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: In the present study, mean age of the patients of Group A and Group B were 29.1 ± 2.0 and 28.9±1.5 years respectively. Among the patients of Group A developed neither hydroeele nor testicular atrophy, where as in patients of Group B 20% and 12% developed hydrocele and testicular atrophy respectively. The recurrence rate of varicocele was lower in the Group A than that in the Group B. The findings of semen analysis at 1st and 2nd follow up visits show that there was negligible improvement in semen quality in terms of sperm count, motility and morphology. Conclusion: Open inguinal varicocelectomy is better than laparoscopic palomo varicocelectomy. Although sooner return to work is achieved by laparoscopic varicocelectomy, complications are more frequent than the open inguinal method. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v22i2.21527 J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 22, No.2, October, 2013, Page 156-162
Hepatitis B Virus positive (HBsAg positive) among the blood donors attended at transfusion medicine department, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh: a one year study
Authors: Karim Shanaz , Begum Hussne Ara , Begum Hosne Ara , Hoque Ehteshamul , Hoque Md Mazharul , Islam Kashfia , Alam Md Ashraful , Sarkar Prodip Kumar
Published: January 2015

Context: The possibility of hepatitis transmission through blood and blood products is very high and pretransfusion screening is mandatory by law in our country. The present study was carried out to find out the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus positive (HBsAg positive) among the blood donors attended the Department of Transfusion Medicine, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, in 2012. Method: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Transfusion Medicine, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, between January and December 2012. Total blood donors were 27,560. Blood donors of 18-60 years of both sexes were included in this study. Results: Among 27,560 blood donors, relative blood donors were 21,081 (76.49%) and voluntary blood donors were 6,479 (23.50%). Among total blood donors male and female were 23,776 (86.26%) and 3784 (13.73%) respectively. 25,906 (93.99%) were in 18-40 years age group and 1,654 (6%) were in 41-60 years age group. A total of 453 were detected as HBsAg seropostive. Among them, relatives of the patients were 363 (1.7%) and voluntary donors were 90 (1.4%). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v22i2.21528 J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 22, No.2, October, 2013, Page 163-166
Role of transabdominal Ultrasonography in the evaluation of suspected ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Nahar Mst Nazmun , Sattar Asifa , Ara Husne , Rabbi Akanda Fazle , Shirin Mahbuba , Kumu Farhana Kamal
Published: January 2015

The study was carried out to assess the diagnostic accuracy of transabdominal ultrasonography in the evaluation of clinically suspected ectopic pregnancy patients . This cross sectional study was carried out in the department of Radiology and Imaging, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, from July 2006 to June 2008. 50 patients were selected purposively and transabdominal ultrasonography was done in each patient by 3.5 MHz frequency curvilinearprobe. Findings of transabdominal ultrasonography were then compared with the peroperative findings. Transabdominal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy showed a sensitivity of 79.5%, specificity of 83.3%, and accuracy of 80%. Positive predictive value was 97.2% and negativepredictive value was 55.6%. . This study shows thattransabdominal ultrasonographyis an effective modality in the evaluation of ectopic pregnancy and should be used as a routine first-step procedure in patients of suspected ectopic pregnancy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v22i2.21529 J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 22, No.2, October, 2013, Page 167-172
Discontinued Anti-Hypertensive medication: a case control study on the stroke patients
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Zaid , Azad Khan Abul Kalam , Hasan Pratyay , Hussain Tahmeed , Rahman Kazi Monisur , Saleh Mohammed Abaye Deen , Kahher Md Azizul , Ahasan HAM Nazmul , Karim Md Enamul
Published: January 2015

Though it is long known that irregular intake of antihypertensive may cause harm, but still there is much lack of awareness among the patients in this matter. This case controlled study was done in Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, to determine the relationship between discontinuation of antihypertensive drugs and the risk of stroke among hypertensive patients. Number of cases was 72. Control group was selected via random sampling of stroke free treated hypertensive group, similar in age to stroke cases. Sampling technique was random systematic sampling. The relationship was determined employing statistical methods including Chi-square (?2) test using computer programs, and significant association between discontinuation of antihypertensive and development of stroke in hypertensive adult patients was found ?2(1,N= 103) = 32.637, p<0.001. Odds ratio is 15.83. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v22i2.21530 J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 22, No.2, October, 2013, Page 173-178
A comparative study of computed Tomographic Angiography and digital subtraction Angiography in evaluation of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
Authors: Islam Mahmudul , Chowdhury Ahmed Hossain , Chowdhury Md Shah Jahirul Hoque , Islam Md Nahidul , Nayeem Abu , Khan Sharifuddin , Rahman Kazi Mohibur , Sarkar Rabindranath , Mohammad Quazi Deen
Published: January 2015

Context: The aim of the study was to retrospectively analyze the performance of Computed Tomographic Angiography (CTA) in detecting, localizing and sizing intracranial aneurysms in patients of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage using Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) as standard. Methods: The study was carried out from December 2009 to November 2010 in the Dept. of Neurology of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka. Among 81 patients of SAH admitted in the above mentioned period, 30 were enrolled in the study as they met the inclusion criteria. Patients age range was 26 to 70 years; male female ratio was 1.5: 1. All the study patients underwent both DSA and CTA examinations. The findings of both procedures were recorded and compared. Results: A total of 30 aneurysms in 30 patients were identified on DSA. Among 10 small sized aneurysms (<4 mm) detected by DSA, CTA incorrectly diagnosed 2 and overlooked 2 aneurysms. Out of 14 medium sized (5- 12 mm) identified on DSA, CTA missed 2 aneurysms. But CTA correctly diagnosed all 6 large (e13 mm) aneurysms. The overall sensitivity of CTA was 60% for small, 85.7% for medium and 100% for large aneurysm. Regarding identification of aneurysmal sites, CTA correctly localized 22 (73.4%), incorrectly localized 4 (13.3%) and missed 4 (13.3%) cases. Sensitivity of CTA in identification of aneurysmal site was 73.3%. Conclusion: CTA is less sensitive than DSA in detecting small and medium sized aneurysms. However it correlated perfectly with DSA in detection of large aneurysms. The performance of CTA in identification of aneurysmal site is also lesser than DSA. So, DSA remains the standard technique for evaluation of aneurysmal SAH. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v22i2.21542 J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 22, No.2, October, 2013, Page 195-200
Hexadactyly in all four limbs in a neonate - a case report
Authors: Banerjee Manisha , Majumdar Sajal Kumar
Published: January 2015

Polydactyly or hyperdactyly is a congenital physical anomaly and is a common congenital digital variation affecting the hand and foot. It may present as a range of defects from minor soft tissue duplications to major bony abnormalities. Of the different varieties the post-axial one is the commonest. Polydactyly may appear as isolated or in association with other birth defects. For proper management a comprehensive knowledge of this condition is required for medical experts particularly the pediatric orthopedic surgeons. Here we report a case of hexadactyly (six fingers) in all four limbs of a neonate. This neonate was free from other congenital anomaly. Photograph and radiographs revealed the anatomical abnormalities, which is essential for proper planning of the future management. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v22i2.21547 J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 22, No.2, October, 2013, Page 219-222
Echinococcosis in Liver - a case report
Authors: Rahman Kazi Monisur , Khatun Mst Habiba , Fatema Nasreen
Published: January 2015

The most common cause of hydatid disease in humans is infestation by the parasite Echinococcus granulousus. A 33 years old female patient with complaints of upper abdominal pain, discomfort, anorexia, nausea and loss of weight, was referred for ultrasound assessment of the whole of the abdomen. On ultrasound, her liver was enlarged in size. A fairly large cystic area measuring about (12 cm x 7.6 cm) having internal septations giving the appearance of cartwheel is noted in right lobe of liver. Intrahepatic biliary Channels and CBD were not dilated. Gall bladder, pancreas, spleen, both kidneys and other organs were found to be normal. No free fluid was seen in cul-de-sac. The patient was diagnosed as a case of echinococcosis in liver. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v22i2.21548 J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 22, No.2, October, 2013, Page 223-224
A case report on Sarcoidosis
Authors: Deb Sudip Ranjan , Sarkar Ratul , Hasan Pratyay , Mukerrama Shegufta Mishket , Baral Prianka , Kabir Ahmedul , Hossain Mahbub
Published: January 2015

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease that may involve almost any organ system. Infiltration with non-caseating granulomas is the hallmark of the disease, and it may result in various clinical manifestations. Since the first description of the disease by British dermatologist Jonathan Hutchison in 1869, sarcoidosis has been seen in almost every part of the world and continues to engender considerable interest among clinicians because of its unknown aetiology, protean manifestations, and variable course and prognosis. Here we report a 65-year old woman who presented to us with a rather atypical presentation of sarcoidosis- subcutaneous nodules. Later, on subsequent diagnostic work-up, she was found to have bilateral hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy and pulmonary reticular lesions. It is a bit unusual to have only subcutaneous nodules as the presenting complaint of sarcoidosis without any prominent systemic and respiratory symptoms, which is what prompted this report. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v22i2.21549 J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 22, No.2, October, 2013, Page 225-228
Sarcoglycanopathy - a rare case report and literature review
Authors: Mustafa Ekramul , Khandaker Md Azizul Hasan , Rashid Md Mamunur , Ghose Swapon Kumar , Salehin Masood , Hussain Ahmed Riyad , Sabah KM Nurus
Published: January 2015

Sarcoglycanopathies are relatively rare progressive muscular dystrophies with autosomal recessive inheritance designated as á, â, ã, or ä sarcoglycanopath.; which belong to the group of limb girdle muscular dystrophies and are caused by mutations in any of the four sarcoglycan genes: alpha (LGMD 2D), beta (LGMD 2E), gamma (LGMD 2C) and delta (LGMD 2F). The phenotype resembles dystrophinopathies due to proximal muscle weakness and calf hypertrophy. Reports from Bangladesh are scarce. We report a rare case of primary sarcoglycanopathy (SGP) which emphasizes the evolving concept of dystrophinopathy to sarco-glycanopathy. and describe literature pertaining to this rare entity DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v22i2.21551 J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 22, No.2, October, 2013, Page 232-235
Corrigendum for Vol.22(1)
Authors: Editor The
Published: January 2015

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v22i2.21568
Label Free Detection of L-Glutamate Using Microfluidic Based Thermal Biosensor
Authors: Kopparthy Varun , Tangutooru Siva , Guilbeau Eric
Published: January 2015

A thermoelectric biosensor for the detection of L-glutamate concentration was developed. The thermoelectric sensor is integrated into a micro-calorimeter which measures the heat produced by biochemical reactions. The device contains a single flow channel that is 120 µm high and 10 mm wide with two fluid inlets and one fluid outlet. An antimony-bismuth (Sb-Bi) thermopile with high common mode rejection ratio is attached to the lower channel wall and measures the dynamic changes in the temperature when L-glutamate undergoes oxidative deamination in the presence of glutamate oxidase (GLOD). The thermopile has a Seebeck coefficient of ~7 µV·(m·K)−1. The device geometry, together with hydrodynamic focusing, eliminates the need of extensive temperature control. Layer-by-layer assembly is used to immobilize GLOD on the surface of glass coverslips by alternate electrostatic adsorption of polyelectrolyte and GLOD. The impulse injection mode using a 6-port injection valve minimizes sample volume to 5 µL. The sensitivity of the sensor for glutamate is 17.9 nVs·mM−1 in the linear range of 0–54 mM with an R2 value of 0.9873. The lowest detection limit of the sensor for glutamate is 5.3 mM.
Palladium on Carbon-Catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling Reaction Using an Efficient and Continuous Flow System
Authors: Hattori Tomohiro , Tsubone Aya , Sawama Yoshinari , Monguchi Yasunari , Sajiki Hironao
Published: January 2015

The continuous flow Suzuki-Miyaura reaction between various haloarenes and arylboronic acids was successfully achieved within only ca. 20 s during the single-pass through a cartridge filled with palladium on carbon (Pd/C). No palladium leaching was observed in the collected reaction solution by atomic absorption spectrometry (detection limit: 1 ppm).
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Children in 2014
Authors: Children Editorial Office
Published: January 2015

The editors of Children would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2014:[...]
The Entropy of an Armco Iron under Irreversible Deformation
Authors: Kostina Anastasiia , Plekhov Oleg
Published: January 2015

This work is devoted to the development of a theoretical approach for the calculation of entropy in metals under plastic deformation. The thermodynamic analysis of the plastic deformation process allowed us to obtain the expression for determination of the entropy production. The value of the entropy production in an Armco iron specimen under plastic deformation as calculated the basis of the proposed technique and infrared thermography data. This method also lets us define the inelastic strain caused by the initiation and growth of the defects which was used as the internal variable in the considered thermomechanical model from the experimental data. In order to verify the obtained results a theoretical analysis of the modeled situation was carried out.
Role of Leading Programs in Doctoral Education: A New Type of Leadership Education in the Sciences at University of Hyogo, Japan
Authors: Okamoto Maya , Matsuzaka Hiroshi
Published: January 2015

Fostering global leaders for the next generation is an important mission of universities. In Japan, Leading Programs in Doctoral Education (LP) has been implemented in many graduate schools. The main goal of this program is to foster PhDs with deep specialization and peer leadership who will be able to compete well internationally. The Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo is implementing a LP to foster global leaders using cutting-edge technology. They are also trying to create new evaluation criteria of human resource development with their corporate sponsors. The success of LP depends not only on how many graduates can play leading roles globally, but also how university staff can create a superior new evaluation criteria of human resource development and how much it can be shared with universities and industry. Development of students and graduates with a high level of ability takes time, thus it is important to consider the continuous development of LP.
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Energies in 2014
Authors: Energies Editorial Office
Published: January 2015

The editors of Energies would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2014:[...]
Public Health Adaptation to Climate Change in Canadian Jurisdictions
Authors: Austin Stephanie , Ford James , Berrang-Ford Lea , Araos Malcolm , Parker Stephen , Fleury Manon
Published: January 2015

Climate change poses numerous risks to the health of Canadians. Extreme weather events, poor air quality, and food insecurity in northern regions are likely to increase along with the increasing incidence and range of infectious diseases. In this study we identify and characterize Canadian federal, provincial, territorial and municipal adaptation to these health risks based on publically available information. Federal health adaptation initiatives emphasize capacity building and gathering information to address general health, infectious disease and heat-related risks. Provincial and territorial adaptation is varied. Quebec is a leader in climate change adaptation, having a notably higher number of adaptation initiatives reported, addressing almost all risks posed by climate change in the province, and having implemented various adaptation types. Meanwhile, all other Canadian provinces and territories are in the early stages of health adaptation. Based on publically available information, reported adaptation also varies greatly by municipality. The six sampled Canadian regional health authorities (or equivalent) are not reporting any adaptation initiatives. We also find little relationship between the number of initiatives reported in the six sampled municipalities and their provinces, suggesting that municipalities are adapting (or not adapting) autonomously.
Describing the Primary Care Actions of Oral Health Teams in Brazil
Authors: Dos Reis Clarice , Da Matta-Machado Antônio , Do Amaral João , Werneck Marcos , De Abreu Mauro
Published: January 2015

Objective: To describe the primary care actions performed by oral health teams (OHTs) that participated in a large national survey led by the Ministry of Health in 2012. Methods: A total of 12,403 dentists from OHTs completed a set of survey questions (response rate = 85.01%) on the organization of care, basic dental procedures and oral health surveillance actions of OHTs. Descriptive and hierarchical cluster analyses were developed. Results: The majority of OHTs (85.2%) reported that they performed “patient welcoming”. The delivery of services was based on a patient’s identified disease risk (83.1%), and continuity of care was ensured by 85.9% of OHTs. Individual preventive, restorative and surgical procedures were performed by the majority of the teams; however, screening for oral cancer and construction of dental prostheses/dentures occurred less frequently. Cluster 1 was composed of OHTs with the lowest proportion of oral healthcare actions related to oral cancer and dental prostheses/dentures, and the Southeastern and Southern regions had higher proportions of OHTs from cluster 2. Conclusions: OHTs adhere to some of the principles of primary care organizations; however, the teams perform fewer actions related to oral cancer treatment and rehabilitation with complete dentures. The geographical distribution of the clusters was unequal in Brazil.
Protection of Retina by Mini-αA in NaIO3-Induced Retinal Pigment Epithelium Degeneration Mice
Authors: Zhang Jinglin , Zhao Xiujuan , Cai Yu , Li Yonghao , Yu Xiling , Lu Lin
Published: January 2015

Background: Studies have shown that mini-αA can protect retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells from apoptosis. However, no in vivo study concerning the anti-apoptotic function of mini-αA has been conducted yet. Methods: MTT assay, HE staining and TUNEL assay were used to assess levels of cells, and an animal model was established to examine the protective effects of mini-αA against NaIO3-induced RPE cell apoptosis. Western blot analysis and RT-qPCR were performed to explore the possible mechanism of mini-αA’s protective function against NaIO3-induced RPE cell apoptosis. Results: Results from in vivo and animal experiments showed that mini-αA antagonized NaIO3-induced RPE cell apoptosis. Further investigation into how mini-αA provided protection against NaIO3-induced RPE cell apoptosis showed that mini-αA reduced NaIO3-induced RPE cell apoptosis and autophagy. In addition, unfolded protein response was also involved in the protective effects of mini-αA against NaIO3-induced RPE cell apoptosis. Conclusions: mini-αA can antagonize RPE cell apoptosis induced by NaIO3. A possible mechanism is by inhibition of apoptosis by repressing autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress.
Activation of the Ubiquitin Proteasome Pathway by Silk Fibroin Modified Chitosan Nanoparticles in Hepatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Yang Ming-Hui , Chung Tze-Wen , Lu Yi-Shan , Chen Yi-Ling , Tsai Wan-Chi , Jong Shiang-Bin , Yuan Shyng-Shiou , Liao Pao-Chi , Lin Po-Chiao , Tyan Yu-Chang
Published: January 2015

Silk fibroin (SF) is a protein with bulky hydrophobic domains and can be easily purified as sericin-free silk-based biomaterial. Silk fibroin modified chitosan nanoparticle (SF-CSNP), a biocompatible material, has been widely used as a potential drug delivery system. Our current investigation studied the bio-effects of the SF-CSNP uptake by liver cells. In this experiment, the characterizations of SF-CSNPs were measured by particle size analysis and protein assay. The average size of the SF-CSNP was 311.9 ± 10.7 nm, and the average zeta potential was +13.33 ± 0.3 mV. The SF coating on the SF-CSNP was 6.27 ± 0.17 μg/mL. Moreover, using proteomic approaches, several proteins involved in the ubiquitin proteasome pathway were identified by analysis of differential protein expressions of HepG2 cell uptake the SF-CSNP. Our experimental results have demonstrated that the SF-CSNP may be involved in liver cancer cell survival and proliferation.
Biosynthesis and Function of Extracellular Glycans in Cyanobacteria
Authors: Kehr Jan-Christoph , Dittmann Elke
Published: January 2015

The cell surface of cyanobacteria is covered with glycans that confer versatility and adaptability to a multitude of environmental factors. The complex carbohydrates act as barriers against different types of stress and play a role in intra- as well as inter-species interactions. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the chemical composition, biosynthesis and biological function of exo- and lipo-polysaccharides from cyanobacteria and give an overview of sugar-binding lectins characterized from cyanobacteria. We discuss similarities with well-studied enterobacterial systems and highlight the unique features of cyanobacteria. We pay special attention to colony formation and EPS biosynthesis in the bloom-forming cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa.
Experimental Investigation of the Mg-Nd-Zn Isothermal Section at 300 °C
Authors: Mostafa Ahmad , Medraj Mamoun
Published: January 2015

The Mg-Nd-Zn isothermal section at 300 °C was established in the full composition range using diffusion couples and equilibrated key alloys. Microstructural characterization was carried out using WDS, XRD, and metallographic methods. The homogeneity ranges of the binary and ternary compounds were determined by WDS analysis. Six ternary compounds were observed in the Mg-Nd-Zn system at 300 °C. These are: τ1 (Nd5Mg21+xZn45−x; 0 ≤ x ≤ 4), τ2 (Nd5Mg3+yZn25−y; 0 ≤ y ≤ 1), τ3 (NdMg1+zZn2−z; 0 ≤ z ≤ 0.44), τ4 (Mg40Nd5Zn55), τ5 (Mg22–23.5Nd15.5–17.5Zn59.1–61.8), and τ6 (Nd2(Mg,Zn)23). τ5 was found to have a homogeneity range of 22.0–23.5 atom % Mg, 15.5–17.6 atom % Nd and 59.1–61.8 atom % Zn and τ6 was found to have 54.1–61.3 atom % Mg at a constant Nd of 8.0 atom %. The ternary solubility of Zn in Mg-Nd compounds was found to increase with the decrease in Mg concentration. Accordingly, (Mg41Nd5) was found to have an extended solubility of 3.1 atom % Zn, whereas (Mg3Nd) was found to have 30.0 atom % Zn. MgNd was found to have a complete substitution of Mg by Zn. The maximum solid solubility of Zn in α-Mg was measured as 4.8 atom % Zn.
Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity in Algal Food Products
Authors: Machu Ludmila , Misurcova Ladislava , Vavra Ambrozova Jarmila , Orsavova Jana , Mlcek Jiri , Sochor Jiri , Jurikova Tunde
Published: January 2015

The study objective was to investigate total phenolic content using Folin-Ciocalteu’s method, to assess nine phenols by HPLC, to determine antioxidant capacity of the water soluble compounds (ACW) by a photochemiluminescence method, and to calculate the correlation coefficients in commercial algal food products from brown (Laminaria japonica, Eisenia bicyclis, Hizikia fusiformis, Undaria pinnatifida) and red (Porphyra tenera, Palmaria palmata) seaweed, green freshwater algae (Chlorella pyrenoidosa), and cyanobacteria (Spirulina platensis). HPLC analysis showed that the most abundant phenolic compound was epicatechin. From spectrophotometry and ACW determination it was evident that brown seaweed Eisenia bicyclis was the sample with the highest phenolic and ACW values (193 mg·g−1 GAE; 7.53 µmol AA·g−1, respectively). A linear relationship existed between ACW and phenolic contents (r = 0.99). Some algal products seem to be promising functional foods rich in polyphenols.
The Giant Adhesin SiiE of Salmonella enterica
Authors: Barlag Britta , Hensel Michael
Published: January 2015

Salmonella enterica is a Gram-negative, food-borne pathogen, which colonizes the intestinal tract and invades enterocytes. Invasion of polarized cells depends on the SPI1-encoded type III secretion system (T3SS) and the SPI4-encoded type I secretion system (T1SS). The substrate of this T1SS is the non-fimbrial giant adhesin SiiE. With a size of 595 kDa, SiiE is the largest protein of the Salmonella proteome and consists of 53 repetitive bacterial immunoglobulin (BIg) domains, each containing several conserved residues. As known for other T1SS substrates, such as E. coli HlyA, Ca2+ ions bound by conserved D residues within the BIg domains stabilize the protein and facilitate secretion. The adhesin SiiE mediates the first contact to the host cell and thereby positions the SPI1-T3SS to initiate the translocation of a cocktail of effector proteins. This leads to actin remodeling, membrane ruffle formation and bacterial internalization. SiiE binds to host cell apical membranes in a lectin-like manner. GlcNAc and α2–3 linked sialic acid-containing structures are ligands of SiiE. Since SiiE shows repetitive domain architecture, we propose a zipper-like binding mediated by each individual BIg domain. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of the SPI4-T1SS and the giant adhesin SiiE.
Electron Interference in Molecular Circular Polarization Attosecond XUV Photoionization
Authors: Yuan Kai-Jun , Bandrauk André
Published: January 2015

Two-center electron interference in molecular attosecond photoionization processes is investigated from numerical solutions of time-dependent Schrödinger equations. Both symmetric H\(_2^+\) and nonsymmetric HHe\(^{2+}\) one electron diatomic systems are ionized by intense attosecond circularly polarized XUV laser pulses. Photoionization of these molecular ions shows signature of interference with double peaks (minima) in molecular attosecond photoelectron energy spectra (MAPES) at critical angles \(\vartheta_c\) between the molecular \(\textbf{R}\) axis and the photoelectron momentum \(\textbf{p}\). The interferences are shown to be a function of the symmetry of electronic states and the interference patterns are sensitive to the molecular orientation and pulse polarization. Such sensitivity offers possibility for imaging of molecular structure and orbitals.
2-DE Mapping of the Blue Mussel Gill Proteome: The Usual Suspects Revisited
Authors: Rocher Béatrice , Bultelle Florence , Chan Philippe , Foll Frank , Letendre Julie , Monsinjon Tiphaine , Olivier Stéphanie , Péden Romain , Poret Agnès , Vaudry David , Knigge Thomas
Published: January 2015

The Blue Mussel (Mytilus edulis, L. 1758) is an ecologically important and commercially relevant bivalve. Because of its ability to bioconcentrate xenobiotics, it is also a widespread sentinel species for environmental pollution, which has been used in ecotoxicological studies for biomarker assessment. Consequently, numerous proteomics studies have been carried out in various research contexts using mussels of the genus Mytilus, which intended to improve our understanding of complex physiological processes related to reproduction, adaptation to physical stressors or shell formation and for biomarker discovery. Differential-display 2-DE proteomics relies on an extensive knowledge of the proteome with as many proteoforms identified as possible. To this end, extensive characterization of proteins was performed in order to increase our knowledge of the Mytilus gill proteome. On average, 700 spots were detected on 2-DE gels by colloidal blue staining, of which 122 different, non-redundant proteins comprising 203 proteoforms could be identified by tandem mass spectrometry. These proteins could be attributed to four major categories: (i) “metabolism”, including antioxidant defence and degradation of xenobiotics; (ii) “genetic information processing”, comprising transcription and translation as well as folding, sorting, repair and degradation; (iii) “cellular processes”, such as cell motility, transport and catabolism; (iv) “environmental information processing”, including signal transduction and signalling molecules and interaction. The role of cytoskeleton proteins, energetic metabolism, chaperones/stress proteins, protein trafficking and the proteasome are discussed in the light of the exigencies of the intertidal environment, leading to an enhanced stress response, as well as the structural and physiological particularities of the bivalve gill tissue.
A Simple Fusion Method for Image Time Series Based on the Estimation of Image Temporal Validity
Authors: Bisquert Mar , Bordogna Gloria , Bégué Agnès , Candiani Gabriele , Teisseire Maguelonne , Poncelet Pascal
Published: January 2015

High-spatial-resolution satellites usually have the constraint of a low temporal frequency, which leads to long periods without information in cloudy areas. Furthermore, low-spatial-resolution satellites have higher revisit cycles. Combining information from high- and low- spatial-resolution satellites is thought a key factor for studies that require dense time series of high-resolution images, e.g., crop monitoring. There are several fusion methods in the bibliography, but they are time-consuming and complicated to implement. Moreover, the local evaluation of the fused images is rarely analyzed. In this paper, we present a simple and fast fusion method based on a weighted average of two input images (H and L), which are weighted by their temporal validity to the image to be fused. The method was applied to two years (2009–2010) of Landsat and MODIS (MODerate Imaging Spectroradiometer) images that were acquired over a cropped area in Brazil. The fusion method was evaluated at global and local scales. The results show that the fused images reproduced reliable crop temporal profiles and correctly delineated the boundaries between two neighboring fields. The greatest advantages of the proposed method are the execution time and ease of use, which allow us to obtain a fused image in less than five minutes.
Angular Dependency of Hyperspectral Measurements over Wheat Characterized by a Novel UAV Based Goniometer
Authors: Burkart Andreas , Aasen Helge , Alonso Luis , Menz Gunter , Bareth Georg , Rascher Uwe
Published: January 2015

In this study we present a hyperspectral flying goniometer system, based on a rotary-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with a spectrometer mounted on an active gimbal. We show that this approach may be used to collect multiangular hyperspectral data over vegetated environments. The pointing and positioning accuracy are assessed using structure from motion and vary from σ = 1° to 8° in pointing and σ = 0.7 to 0.8 m in positioning. We use a wheat dataset to investigate the influence of angular effects on the NDVI, TCARI and REIP vegetation indices. Angular effects caused significant variations on the indices: NDVI = 0.83–0.95; TCARI = 0.04–0.116; REIP = 729–735 nm. Our analysis highlights the necessity to consider angular effects in optical sensors when observing vegetation. We compare the measurements of the UAV goniometer to the angular modules of the SCOPE radiative transfer model. Model and measurements are in high accordance (r2 = 0.88) in the infrared region at angles close to nadir; in contrast the comparison show discrepancies at low tilt angles (r2 = 0.25). This study demonstrates that the UAV goniometer is a promising approach for the fast and flexible assessment of angular effects.