bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementasi Pendekatan Saintifik dalam Mengembangkan Kognitif Anak
Authors: Akromah Jumrotul , Rohmah Lailatu
Published: February 2021

Latar belakang dari penelitian ini adalah masih banyak diusianya anak usia dini masih mengalami masa pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang pesat dengan bawaan sifat peserta didik yang masih egosentris dan dalam melakukan tindakan masih dalam tuntutan orang dewasa dan  pendidik. Dewasa ini anak pada usai 4-5 tahun dalam merumuskan gagsan berfikir secara logis dan berfikir memecahkan masalah masih dalam taraf  ingin tahu lebih mengenai kegiatan pembelajaran. Adanya strategi proses pembelajaran pendekatan saintifik menjadi angin segar dalam dunia pendidikan khususnya pendidikan anak usia dini. Meskipun dalam proses yang  masih banyak ditemukan beberapa teknik pengajaran pendidik yang masih menumpang dalam kurikulum sebelumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetauhi  implementasi pendekatan saintifik dalam megembangkan kognitif anak dan bagaimana faktor penghambat dan pendukung adanya penerapan pendekatan saintifik dalam mengembangkan kognitif anak pada kelompok A di TK Nurul Ummah Kotagede Yogyakarta.Jenis penelitian ini  mengguakan penelitian lapangan (field research) dengan objek penelitan TK Nurul Ummah. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini mengumpulkan data melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentas. Sedangkan validitas data yang diperoleh melalui  Triangulasi  teknik dan sumber.  Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa implementasi pendektan sanitifk dalam mengembangkan kognitif anak pada kelompok A di TK nurul Ummah sudah berjalan dengan baik, ditunjukkan dengan proses pembelajaran yang sudah sesuai dengan perencanaan pembelajaran, pesera didik yang aktif bertanya, pengaadaaan mediaa yang kreatif dan hasil karya yang terselesaikan dengan baik oleh peserta didik. Faktor pengambat dan pendukung yaitu faktor pendukung; kepala sekolah yang antusias baikanya dalam mengembangkan kualitas dan kuantitas  sekolahan , Pendidik yang berkompeten dalam menyampaikan proses pembelajaran pendektan saintifik,  Peserta didik yang aktif bertanya, Sarana dan prasarana yang mendukung. Faktor penghambat; Bahan media yang sulit deedapatkan, waktu pembelajaran yang kurang efektif.
Pengembangan Nilai Agama dan Moral Melalui Metode Bercerita pada Anak
Authors: Safitri Latifah Nurul , ‘Aziz Hafidh
Published: February 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) Untuk mengetahui perkembangan nilai agama dan moral anak sebelum dilakukan metode bercerita.  (2) Untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan metode bercerita untuk mengembangkan aspek nilai agama dan moral. (3) Untuk mengetahui bagai mana perkembangan aspek nilai agama dan moral anak setelah dilakukan metode bercerita. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah (PTK) penelitian tindakan kelas. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam 2 siklus dengan mengambil data yang dilakukan dengan mengadakan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Adapun urutan pelaksanaan penelitian ini mencakup: (1) perencanaan, (2) Pelaksanaan, (3) Observasi, (4) Refleksi. Analisis data yang digunakan oleh peneliti yaitu deskripsi kualitatif dan deskripsi kuantitatif. Data kualitatif diperoleh dari menganalisis hasil catatan observasi dan wawancara. Data kuantitatif diperoleh dari menganalisis data obeservasi berdasarkan penyajian tabel dan persentase. Penentuan kriteria dalam penelitian ini menggunakan rumus yang dikembangkan oleh Djemari Mardapi. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan bahwa: (1) nilai agama dan moral pada anak kelompok B2 RA Riyadhus Shalihin Moyudan sebelum tindakan sebesar 12,50% anak yang memiliki perkembangan nilai agama dan moral kategori tinggi dalam perkembangannya. Dengan menggunakan metode bercerita maka perkembangannya sangat efektif  dan meningkatkan perkembangan nilai agama dan moral anak. (3) setelah diterapkan menggunakan metode bercerita, terjadi peningkatan nilai agama dan moral anak, pada siklus I sebesar 45,83% dan meningkat pada siklus II menjadi sebesar 66,67% (kategori tinggi dan sangat tinggi).
Efektivitas Permainan Pola Suku Kata Terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Awal Anak di Taman Kanak-Kanak Mutiara Ananda Tabing Padang
Authors: Lisa Revi Narsih  , Saridewi
Published: February 2021

Permainan pola suku kata adalah pembelajaran membaca awal yang diawali dengan menyajikan suku kata kemudian anak diminta mencari gambar sesuai dengan yang mereka inginkan dan dibelakang gambar sudah tercantum pola kata. Penelitian ini berawal dari kenyataan bahwa kurangnya kemampuan membaca anak di Taman Kanak-kanak Mutiara Ananda Tabing Padang. Hal ini menunjukkan masih ada anak kesulitan dalam mengenal huruf, membedakan huruf, menghubungkan huruf menjadi kata dan bahkan masih ada anak yang belum bisa menyebutkan huruf dari tulisan namanya sendiri. Penelitian ini berjenis kuantitatif dengan metode eksperimen dalam bentuk quashi eksperimen (eksperimen semu). Seluruh anak Taman Kanak-kanak Mutiara Ananda merupakan populasi dalam penelitia yang dilkaukan yang berjumlah 42 orang. Kelas B1 sampel kontrol, dan B2 sebagai sampel eksperimen masing-masing berjumlah 12 orang. Purpposive sampling  merupkan teknik dari penelitian ini. adapun teknik pengumpulan dataa menggunakan tes perbuatan dan tes lisan. Alat pengumpulan data berupa lembaran pernyataan selanjutnya data diolah dengan uji perbuatan (t-test). Berdasarkan analisis data, diperoleh rata-rata hasil tes kelompok eksperimen adalah 76,04 sedangkan kelas kontrol adalah 68,22. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan permainan pola suku kata efektif terhadap kemampuan membaca anak di Taman Kanak-kanak Mutiara Ananda tahun ajaran 2018/2019.
Peran Guru Dalam Mengembangkan Kreativitas Anak Usia Dini Di TK Islam Terpadu Salsabila Al-Muthi’in Yogyakarta
Authors: Sartika  , Erni Munastiwi
Published: February 2021

Berkenaan dengan sistem pendidikan di indonesi salah satu penyebab rendahnya kreativitas anak indonesia ialah lingkungan yang kurang menunjang anak untuk mengekspresikan kreativitasnya khususnya lingkungan keluarga dan sekolah. Permasalahan ini muncul dengan banyaknya persoalan menyangkut pengembangan potensi melalui pendidikan. Orang tua maupun lembaga pendidikan lebih banyak melakukan kegiatan yang berorentasi pada pengembangan akademik (kognitif). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan secara mendalam tentang peran guru dalam mengembangkan kreativitas anak usia dini di TK Islam Terpadu Salsabila Al-Muthi’in. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif  dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: (1) Upaya guru dalam mengembangkan kreativitas anak usia dini yaitu melalui proses pembelajaran sentra yaitu: sentra imtaq, bahan alam, balok, persiapan, bermain peran, seni dan ekstra. 2) Terdapat 8 peran guru dalam mengembangkan kreativitas anak usia dini yaitu:guru sebagai pendidik, motivator, penasehat, teladan, pengajar, pembimbing, pelatih dan pengevaluasi (3) faktor pendukung dalam mengembangkan kreativitas anak usia dini yaitu manajemen waktu, kondisi lingkungan, sarana prasarana, rangsangan mental, dorongan internal dalam diri anak dan peran guru. Sedangkan faktor penghambatnya yaitu: peran keluarga, rasa emosional anak yang berlebihan dan pengawasan guru guru yang terlalu ketat dalam proses pembelajaran.
Stimulasi Kemampuan Berbicara Anak di PAUD Solok Selatan Sejahtera
Authors: Helmi Rahma Wati  , Yulsyofriend
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tentang kemampuan berbicara anak di PAUD Solok Selatan Sejahtera. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskripif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Peneliti menggunakan kepala sekolah dan guru sebagai informan. Cara untuk mengumpulkan data yang peneliti gunakan yaitu observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan teknik triangulasi data. Hasil kegiatan stimulasi kemampuan berbicara anak di PAUD Solok Selatan Sejahtera telah terlaksana baik seperti yang diharapkan. Struktur kalimat yang digunakan dalam stimulasi kemampuan berbicara anak adalah kalimat yang mudah dimengerti oleh anak sehingga anak mampu berkomunikasi dengan baik. Cara guru menstimulasi kosa kata dalam kemampuan berbicara anak yaitu guru harus menciptakan suasana yang menyenangkan bagi anak sehingga anak tertarik dalam mengikuti pembelajaran yang dilakukan dikelas dan tidak merasa terbebani, dengan demikian daya ingat anak akan terstimulasi sehingga anak akan lebih mudah mengingat apa yang dipelajarinya dan dapat menambah kosa kata pada anak. yang digunkan guru dalam pengembangan artikulasi pada kemampuan berbicara anak adalah metode dan keterampilan belajar yang bervariasi.
Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Posyandu dalam Meningkatkan Kesehatan Batita di Tanjung Batang, Kapas, Inderapura Barat
Authors: Sari Venta 'Yulia , Sri Hartati
Published: February 2021

This study aims to study the implementation of Posyandu activities in improving toddler health through activities. This type of research is quantitative survey. They population is all of the people of Tanjung Batang Kapas who have toddlers with as many as 36 people, samples taken 100% of the population. The technique of collecting data uses a questionnaire. Data collection tool eses quationnaire sheets. The data analysis technique uses the percentage formula. The results of the research show how the implementation of Posyandu activities in improving toddler health in Tanjung Batang Kapas, west Inderapura through activities (a) weighing the implemetantion sometimes and never, (b) assistance with complementary food  for ASI and Vitamin A is done sometimes and never even, (c) supplementary feeding for underweihght children and growth is not enough sometimes and never, (d) immunization is done sometimes and never even, (e) monitoring the incidence of ISPA and diarrhea programs sometimes and never, also seen from (f) the healthof children (healthy children), there are still many children experiencing health problems so that they are categorized as less healthy children.
Profil Keluarga Tunarungu di Bungus Teluk Kabung
Authors: Yulia Syaputri Rahmatul , Irdamurni Irdamurni
Published: February 2021

Every parent who has a child would want to nurture and educate him, as well as families who have limitations or have special needs, especially in deaf families, this study explains the profile of deaf families who live in the Bungung Bay Subdistrict of Kabung Bay, the family numbered seven people, among them there was a father, mother and five other children and all of them were hearing impaired, living in remote and without electricity. This family lives with various limitations, including hearing and economic limitations, they live independently and help one another. This research will reveal the family tree, faktors causing disability, environmental perception and interaction of the deaf family in the environment. This research uses a case study method with a qualitative approach. the results show that this family is a very friendly and polite family with everyone. while the faktors that cause disability are due to hereditary faktors and are supported by environmental faktors. this is because this family lives in a remote place and far from the community. people's perception of this family is very good and they communicate using oral language and gestures to everyone.
Application of a D Number based LBWA Model and an Interval MABAC Model in Selection of an Automatic Cannon for Integration into Combat Vehicles
Authors: Hristov Nebojsa , Pamucar Dragan , E. Amine M.S.M.
Published: February 2021

A decision making procedure for selection of a weapon system involves different, often contradictory criteriaand reaching decisions under conditions of uncertainty. This paper proposes a novel multi-criteria methodology based on D numbers which enables efficient analysis of the information used for decision making. The proposed methodology has been developed in order to enable selection of an efficient weapon system under conditions when a large number of hierarchically structured evaluation criteria has to be processed. A novel D number based Level Based Weight Assessment – Multi Attributive Border Approximation area Comparison (D LBWA-MABAC) model is used for selection of an automatic cannon for integration into combat vehicles. Criteria weights are determined based on the improved LBWA-D model. The traditional MABAC method has been further developed by integration of interval numbers. A hybrid D LBWA-MABAC framework is used for evaluation of an automatic cannon for integration into combat vehicles. Nine weapon systems used worldwide have been ranked in this paper. This multicriteria approach allows decision makers to assess options objectively and reach a rational decision regarding the selection of an optimal weapon system. Validation of the proposed methodology is performed through sensitivity analysis which studies how changes in the weights of the best criterion and the elasticity coefficient affect the ranking results.
Latent-variable Approaches Utilizing Both Item Scores and Response Times To Detect Test Fraud
Authors: Sinharay Sandip
Published: February 2021

There is a growing interest in approaches based on latent-variable models for detecting fraudulent behavior on educational tests. Wollack and Schoenig (2018) noted the presence of five types of statistical/psychometric approaches to detect the three broad types of test fraud that occur in educational tests. This paper includes a brief review of the five types of statistical/psychometric approaches mentioned by Wollack and Schoenig (2018). This paper then includes a more detailed review of the recent approaches for detecting test fraud using both item scores and response times—all of these approaches are based on latent-variable models. A real data example demonstrates the use of two of the approaches.
Heat Treatment Response of Selectively Laser Melted AlSi10Mg
Authors: Kleiner Simon , Zürcher Josef , Bauer Otmar , Margraf Patrick
Published: February 2021

The age-hardenable cast alloy AlSi10Mg is the most widely used alloy for additive manufacturing of aluminium components by means of selective laser melting. Due to the rapid solidification, the material exhibits a fine cellular microstructure, composed of a supersaturated Al-matrix and a network of silicon along the cell boundaries. The temperature of the building platform as well as the built time both have an influence on the level of precipitation in the material and this in turn affects the heat treatment response of AlSi10Mg in as-built condition. Material built on a cold platform can be strengthened by direct artificial ageing and shows only a small loss in strength after a stress relief heat treatment. Material built on a preheated platform has the highest strength in as-built condition and subsequent artificial ageing or stress relieving causes softening of the material. A condition which is truly independent of the platform temperature can only be reached by applying a solution heat treatment followed by quenching. Unlike castings, which need a long-term solution heat treatment to reach optimum mechanical properties, the selectively laser melted material shows the best mechanical properties in T6-condition after a solution heat treatment of short duration
The Golgi microtubules regulate single cell durotaxis
Authors: Rong Yingxue , Yang Wenzhong , Hao Huiwen , Wang Wenxu , Lin Shaozhen , Shi Peng , Huang Yuxing , Li Bo , Sun Yujie , Liu Zheng , Wu Congying
Published: February 2021

Current understandings on cell motility and directionality rely heavily on accumulated investigations of the adhesion–actin cytoskeleton–actomyosin contractility cycles, while microtubules have been understudied in this context. Durotaxis, the ability of cells to migrate up gradients of substrate stiffness, plays a critical part in development and disease. Here, we identify the pivotal role of Golgi microtubules in durotactic migration of single cells. Using high‐throughput analysis of microtubule plus ends/focal adhesion interactions, we uncover that these non‐centrosomal microtubules actively impart leading edge focal adhesion (FA) dynamics. Furthermore, we designed a new system where islands of higher stiffness were patterned within RGD peptide coated polyacrylamide gels. We revealed that the positioning of the Golgi apparatus is responsive to external mechanical cues and that the Golgi–nucleus axis aligns with the stiffness gradient in durotaxis. Together, our work unveils the cytoskeletal underpinning for single cell durotaxis. We propose a model in which the Golgi–nucleus axis serves both as a compass and as a steering wheel for durotactic migration, dictating cell directionality through the interaction between non‐centrosomal microtubules and the FA dynamics.
Imiona chrześcijańskie staroobrzędowców polskich (charakterystyka fonetyczna)
Authors: Abramowicz Zofia
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to phonetic characteristics of the names of Polish old believers inhabiting Sudovia (Suwalszczyzna) in the 19th (Pokrowsk) and the 20th centuries (Gabowe Grądy i Bór). The research comprised the names that have been written in grażdanka (Cyrillic alphabet) in the sources. Most phonetic changes occurred in the Old Ruthenian Period. They have been preserved in their national forms in many names. However, the researched materiał revealed a lot of names that had not been found in Russian dictionaries of names (e.g. by A. Superanska) as commonly used forms but those which had rather belonged to a sphere of Iocal dialectal uses, which confirms the fact that Old Believers used Russian in its dialectal varieties. In the analyzed anthroponomical material, some transformations of Church Slavonic names imply contacts with local population. The introduction of hybrid name forms, such as Амбросий (comp. Polish Ambroży), Василъи (comp. Polish Bazyli), Ворфоломи, Григоръиб, Маласси, Трифилъи, Трифилли (comp. Polish names like Jerzy, Antoni), Миколай (comp. Polish Mikołaj), Михал (comp. Polish Michał) or Юлианна (comp. Polish Julianna) into birth certificates proves that Polish language had impact upon the language of that ethnic group also at the time when these lands belonged to the Russian Empire.
Funkcje składniowe wybranych frazeologizmów polskich z komponentem czasownikowym
Authors: Andrejewicz Urszula
Published: February 2021

The aim of the paper is to describe the syntactic functions of selected Polish phraseological units containing finite forms (more precisely verbal components of finitive structure) and to research whether the syntactic functions performed by the analyzed units are in accordance with their interior structure. The method chosen is the distributive one, proposed by Zygmunt Saloni and Marek Świdziński in Składnia współczesnego języka polskiego (The Syntax of the Contemporary Polish Language, 1998), partialy modified by the author (cf. Andrejewicz 2006). The starting point is the division of phraseological units according to their interior structure, i.e. the type of group they represent. The next step is to analyze whether the phraseologism representing a given group performs the functions typical of its group, i.e. whether it is the realization of a given syntactic phrase or phrases. The conclusion is that the majority of verbal components of phraseological units, identical to finite forms retains their syntactic characteristics, i.e. they constitute a sentence. From the syntactic points of view the phrascological units formed with such verbs are finite phrases. Apart from such phraseological units which behave completely regularly as syntax, there is a small number of units which are not typical in this respect. Some of them, e.g. the phraseological unit do rany przyłóż ( lit. for putting on a wound) may perform the function of finitive phrase in utterance, but it also appears in sentences , in which it performs other functions which are usual of the syntactic group it represents. Moreover, there are phraseological units, which perform only non-standard functions, which are not typical of the group they represents. The type can be exemplified with the units ni przypiął ni przyłatał (lit. neither stuck, nor patched) or komuś w to graj (lit. somebody as if to play).
Rosyjskie elementy językowe w Przedwiośniu S. Żeromskiego
Authors: Kupiszewski Władysław
Published: February 2021

The article concerns borrowings from Russian in Stefan Żeromski's Przedwiośnie ("Early Spring"). They include quotations /original parenthetic remarks/, better assimilated past units /chandra, knut, sołdat, rubaszka/ as well as more recent ones . They play different artistic roles in the novel , i.e. they portray characters and the environment, and introduce the atmosphere of revolutionary menace. Sometimes, they intensify emotions and feelings by their very strangeness, and sometimes they just name other realities of the existence.
Leksyka „zwierzęca" jako składnik comparatum w porównaniach księdza Jana Twardowskiego
Authors: Sokólska Urszula
Published: February 2021

The paper The "animal" lexis as a component of the comparatum in Rev. Jan Twardowski's similes deals with the subject of similes considerably diverging from the full pattern, with an omitted element, the word order which is untypical of Polish and, first of all, with a strongly built segment of the comparatum. It exposes here the function and the way of expressing comparatum referring as a rule to the reader's knowledge and experience, to his feelings and stereotypes encoded in his subconsciousness. The above analysis leads to pointing out linguistic and semantic aspects of Twardowski's poetry, as well as to drawing attention to breaking linguistic stereotypes and transgressing religious taboos.
Jeszcze o dialektalnym podłożu gwary miejskiej Poznania
Authors:   Uniwersytet Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Piotrowicz Anna
Published: February 2021

The author pays attention to a significant contribution of dialectal words to the Poznań’s lexical localisms. She reminds her conception – presented in the book The Types of the Lexical Localisms (Typy regionalizmów leksykalnych), ed. Adam Mickiewicz University Press 1991) – of distinction criteria which afford systematized description of these localisms. She analyses four types of localisms connected with dialectal words. The lexical material (303 words) is taken from Dictionary of Poznań’s Urban Jargon (Słownik gwary miejskiej Poznania) by M. Gruchmanowa i B. Walczak, ed. PWN 1999.
Metafory motywowane metonimicznie (metaftonimie) na przykładzie nazw własnych
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie, Rutkowski Mariusz
Published: February 2021

Apart from their basic use as an identifying function, proper names are used in texts in secondary uses (the process “losing a name” occurs then). This process is twostage, either by way of a metaphor or a metonymy. Some cases of names’ textual use may be problematic in the respect they both transfer a name by way of the metonymic contact of designates as well as metaphorization by way of designates’ similarity. This article is a detailed analysis of these kinds of uses. The considerations therein are based on cognitivist theories, where a metonymy is a shift within then same domain whereas a metaphor – a projection between two different domains. The integration of both kinds of shifts allows to detect the process of metaphtonymy in the discussed cases whereas the phenomena of a metaphor and metonymy themselves may be considered as polar cases of certain continuum.
Речевая агрессия в коммуникативно-дискурсивной парадигме
Authors:   Instytut Językoznawstwa im. A. A. Potebni Akademii Nauk Ukrainy w Kijowie, Stanisławska Anneta
Published: February 2021

The article presents the phenomenon of aggression in pragmalinguistic terms. Communicative discourses expressing aggression have been discussed in the context of a concrete discourse including the following factors: mutual communicative relations between “addresser – addressee”; the use of specific linguistic means in a specific communicative discourse; the addresser’s initial position: aims, objectives, emotions; the results of utterance’s impact, etc. The presence of linguistic aggression has been found in all types of communication: interpersonal, mass and institutional.
Семантические категории угрозы и предостережения и их основные категориальные признаки
Authors:   Instytut Problemów Radykalizmów, Kijów, Starowa Żanna , Masalska Natalia
Published: February 2021

The article is a detailed analysis of communicative discourses expressing threat or warning in the Russian and German language, which allowed to determine significant features of these semantic categories, e.g. prioritization/non-prioritization of the addressee, compulsoriness/non-compulsoriness of communicated actions for the participants of a communicative discourse, etc. Moreover, the analysis has revealed that in utterances expressing threat or warning we may distinguish such semantic elements as prejudice (against something), ban, promise and command.
Perswazyjność w słowniku polsko-łotewskim z II połowy XX wieku
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Szamryk Konrad Kazimierz
Published: February 2021

According to the sematic field theory the persuasion in Polish-Latvian dictionary (Lies 1970, Riga) has been analyzed by the author. The lexicography units from the semantic superfield “A man as a social human being” have been used as researched material. Polish-Latvian dictionary (JUMpl 1999, Riga) has been used to compare it. Persuasion in Lies has been used to indicate the importance of the lexicography units which were related to communist regime. They have been highlighted (emphasized) by including linguistic units connected to communism as examples and the others linguistic units by making affirmative association sequences. The lexicography units were straightly connected with freedom, democracy, capitalism or religion in the time of communism system and they have been depreciated in Lies dictionary by using methods such as: linguistic taboo, making negative association sequences and writing proper names by small letters.
Jednowyrazowe ekwiwalenty obcojęzycznych związków frazeologicznych (na materiale wybranych języków europejskich)
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Szerszunowicz Joanna
Published: February 2021

Cross-linguistic single-word equivalents of phraseological units are discussed in the paper with a view to presenting their typology. The single-word equivalents constitute a group containing units of different equivalence degree, which is of great importance in translation. Single-word equivalents can be divided into the following categories: compound nouns, compound adjectives, compound verbs, phrasal verbs and non-compounds, i.e. real single-words. Among the equivalents analyzed numerous units, especially those of compound character, are close equivalents, since they have the same motivation, realized with different formal means. There are also units, in which one component is substituted with another, slightly changing the image conveyed by the idiom. The real single-word equivalents are divided into two subgroups, i.e.: equivalents which do not covey any pictorial image and lose the stylistic markedness possessed by phraseological expressions; equivalents which convey the image carried by a given idiom and retain their stylistic markedness possessed by idioms.
Mikołaj Rej jako wzorzec dla pisarza Józefa Wereszczyńskiego (syna podsędka chełmskiego)
Authors:   Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie, Wiśniewska Halina
Published: February 2021

The subject of the article is the political-moral treatise by Józef Wereszczyński entitled “Reguła to jest nauka abo postępek dobrego życia króla każdego chrześcijańskiego” from 1587 as the imitation of ”Żywot człowieka poćciwego” by Mikołaj Rej. In the 16th century, imitation (following a model) was valued art of writing. That is why J. Wereszczyński repeats M. Rej’s “Żywot” on 40 out of the 86 pages of “Reguły”. Both works are juxtaposed and compared by the author in philological terms to show how J. Wereszczyński, writing his treatise, imitated M. Rej’s work. Such issues as, inter alia, those referring to the titles and contents of the chapters, text composition, the names of the characters – exempla from the “Bible” and ancient history, have been analyzed therein. What is more, the article also presents the chapter on justice from “Reguły” and “Żywot” to show J. Wereszczyński’s imitation in a better way.
Delitos contra los derechos de los trabajadores: veinticinco años de política legislativa errática
Authors: Terradillos Basoco Juan María
Published: February 2021

El Código Penal español de 1995 (Código Penal de la democracia) introdujo un innovador Título XV, dedicado a los delitos contra los derechos de los trabajadores. Veinticinco años más tarde, estos delitos han registrado numerosas reformas, asistemáticas, de escaso rigor técnico, y,  sobre todo,  ajenas al objetivo de tutela de los derechos propios del colectivo de trabajadores. Al margen del Título XV, la reforma más relevante es la relativa a los delitos contra el sistema de SS, que castigan las conductas de trabajo en negro con un excesivo y discriminatorio rigor penal.
Enzyme activity in soil after different procedures for managing rice straw
Authors: Albiach Remedios , Pomares Fernando , Ribó Marta , Pérez- Piqueres Ana , Canet Rodolfo
Published: February 2021

Severe problems are caused by site burning of rice straw in Valencia, the third largest Spanish city. Removal, incorporation or composting are being tested as alternatives to burning, and the changes they produce in selected soil biological properties have been studied in two field trials. One compares removal, burning and incorporation the straw, and a second evaluates the application of straw-derived compost for rice production. No statistically-significant effects on the measured indicators of biological activity were found in either experiment, indicating that management-induced changes are small. Unexpectedly, burning did not affect negatively enzyme activities or microbial biomass contents since there were no differences between treatments, or usual levels were recovered in a few months. The changes induced by straw removal or incorporation were also not statistically significant. When straw-derived compost applications were assayed, dehydrogenase activity was slightly variable and apparently unaffected by N and compost rates or compost/mineral N combinations, but phosphomonosterase activity seems to increase parallel to compost to mineral N ratio.
Restauración de montes quemados en condiciones mediterráneas
Authors: Ramón Vallejo Victoriano , Bautista Susana , Alloza José Antonio
Published: February 2021

Wildfires may produce ecosystem damages that would require post-fire mitigation and/or restoration actions. The question is what are the criteria to identify those burned areas that show high degradation risk in order to plan and prioritise restoration projects. To address that question it is necessary to start with the analysis of fire impact, and from that analysis to derive predictive tools for assessing the fragility and regeneration capacity of burned ecosystems. The identification of post-fire degradation mechanisms provides the basis for developing the corresponding specific mitigation/restoration actions. The diagnostic of ecological impact of wildfires together with the established forest management objectives allow deriving mitigation/restoration strategies and the subsequent implementation projects.We present our experience on the evaluation of post-fire ecosystem vulnerability and on the assessment of restoration planning derived from recent and ongoing EC research projects. This includes the development of short-term restoration techniques suited for degraded soils and dry Mediterranean conditions, where fire-induced degradation is complicated with water shortage for regenerating vegetation.
Ponencia - Olga Patricia Castro de Cárdenas - Konstanz, Alemania - 2015
Authors: Olga Patricia Castro de Cárdenas
Published: February 2021

Informe de movilidad académica. Congreso: ‘’Seguridad en Libertad’’. Universidad de Konstanz.
Ponencia - Yohana Andrea Mojica Mojica - Lisboa, Portugal - 2014
Authors: Yohana Andrea Mojica Mojica
Published: February 2021

Informe de movilidad académica. Objetivo: Socializar resultados preliminares de investigación con miras a la identificación de posibles redes de trabajo y/u otros insumos teóricos y conceptuales sobre el abordaje de género.
Ponencia - Emilbus Azelleb Uribe Guerrero - San Cristobal, Ecuador - 2014
Authors: Emilbus Azelleb Uribe Guerrero
Published: February 2021

Informe de movilidad. Presentación de póster en conferencia internacional, San Cristobal, Ecuador.
Combating discrimination through Big Data – future of equality?
Authors: Sakolciová Sandra , Máčaj Adam
Published: February 2021

The paper aims firstly to assess the future of anti-discrimination measures and policies, above all through the lens of ethnic data utilization. The question posed is not only whether massive collection and usage of such data is viable in relation to its result, but also whether such ethnic data collection is an obligation incumbent upon state authorities, in international and European human rights protection systems in particular. On the other hand, this article aims to compare existence of such obligation with the existing standards on right to privacy and implications for this right stemming from such use of Big Data. The negative impact resulting from such obligation in this regard could weigh heavily on protection of personal data, currently one of the main concerns throughout Europe and the EU.
Life and Research of V. А. Charkin — scientist, father, grandfather
Authors:   Institute of Animal Biology NAAS, 38 Vasyl Stus str., Lviv, 79034, Ukraine, Nevostruyeva І. V.
Published: February 2021

Charkin Volodymyr was PhD in Biology, Senior researcher, Head of the Laboratory of Cattle Nutrition that focuses on researching the physiology of animal lactation, studying the influence of Iodium, Chromium, Selenium, Cobalt on metabolic processes, productivity and composition of milk; development of elements of national protein feeding system of high productive cows that correspond to modern protein standardizing criteria. Lactation is a complex process of creation, storing and producing milk in animal’s mammal gland. Nervous system and hormones of endocrine glands with the help of brain cortex and hypothalamus, where lactation center is located, regulate the process of mild production. Hypothalamus produces releasing factors – somatoliberin and prolactoliberin that stimulate the production of hormones somatotropin and prolactin in hypothesis. These hormones directly take part in the production of milk. The role of other endocrine glands is that they contribute to promotion of the synthesis of milk precursors and increase of their amount in blood.
Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Konsumen Pengguna Jasa Pengangkutan Udara atas Kehilangan Bagasi Tercatat (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 609 K/Sus-Bpsk/2012)
Authors: Mayang Muhammad Luthfi , Nahrowi Nahrowi
Published: February 2021

Studi ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan tentang perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen selaku pengguna jasa angkutan udara apabila terjadi kehilangan barang bawaan seperti bagasi tercatat, dan untuk mengetahui apakah Putusan Mahkamah Agung Agung Nomor 605 K/Sus-BPSK/2012 sudah sesuai dalam penerapan Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian yuridis normatif. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan pendekatan undang undang (statuta approach). Adapun sumber data yang digunakan yaitu, bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder, dan bahan hukum non-hukum. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data secara studi kepustakaan (library research) dan menganalisis data secara deduktif yakni menarik kesimpulan dari suatu permasalahanyang bersifat umum terhadap masalah konkret yang sedang dihadapi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 605 K/Sus-BPSK/2012 bahwa dalam pertimbangannya Hakim Mahkamah Agung telah sesuai dalam penerapan undang-undang perlindungan konsumen. Kata kunci: Perlindungan Konsumen, Konsumen Penerbangan, Maskapai                 Penerbangan, Bagasi Tercatat
Implementasi Perlindungan Negara Terhadap Kebebasan Beragama dalam Ketatanegaraan Indonesia
Authors: Fauziah Iqlima , Syarif Mujar Ibnu
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi perlindungan negara terhadap kebebasan beragama dalam ketatanegaraan Indonesia berdasarkan analisis Undang-undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia. Secara khusus penelitian ini mencoba mendalami tentang bentuk implementasi perlindungan yang negara berikan kepada warga negaranya dalam hak asasi manusia terkhusus dalam ruang lingkup hak kebebasan beragama. Disamping itu skripsi ini juga mencoba meneliti tentang perlindungan yang negara berikan terhadap nilai-nilai kebebasan beragama dan meneliti perlindungan kebebasan beragama dalam Undang-undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif melalui pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan (statue approach). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengumpulan berupa studi pustaka. Melalui metode inilah penyusun mengumpulkan dokumen dan data yang kemudian diolah menggunakan analisis isi. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa bentuk implementasi perlindungan kebebasan beragama dalam ketatanegaraan Indonesia berdasarkan analisis Undang-undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia yaitu dengan ditetapkannya kedudukan aspek ketuhanan dalam setiap nafas peraturan perundang-undangan dalam konstitusi yang berlaku dan negara memiliki tanggungjawab untuk bersikap adil atas perlindungan kepada segenap agama yang ada dalam menetapkan batasan dan larangan dalam melaksanakan ajaran agama yang diyakininya guna menjaga persatuan bangsa dan menghindari perpecahan yang mengatasnamakan agama tertentu. Kata Kunci: Implementasi Kebebasan Beragama, Hak Asasi Manusia, Perlindungan.
KEPASTIAN HUKUM TERKAIT KEWAJIBAN PENGURUSAN IZIN MENGGUNAKAN TENAGA KERJA ASING DAN PENERAPANNYA (Studi putusan Pengadilan Negeri Nomor: 51/Pdt.G/2015/PN.bil)
Authors: Shafira Syafita
Published: February 2021

penelitian ini membahas tentang kepastian hukum terkait kewajiban pengurusan izin menggunakan tenaga kerja asing (IMTA) yang diatur didalam Undang-undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang ketenagakejaan dan mengetahui pertimbangan hakim dalam putusan Nomor 51/Pdt.G/2015/PN.bil antara penggugat yang bernama G Raymond Pical dengan tergugat yaitu PT. A. Schulman International dan untuk mengetahui bagaimana penyelesaian permasalahan Tenaga Kerja Asing yang bekerja di Indonesia tanpa adanya izin mempekerjakan Tenaga Kerja Asing (IMTA). Untuk mendalami kajian tersebut maka peneliti merumuskan permasalahan antara lain Bagaimana kepastian hukum terkait kewajiban pengurusan izin menggunakan tenaga kerja asing (IMTA) dan Bagaimana penyelesaian sengketa pelanggaran perizinan tenaga kerja asing pada Putusan Pengadilan Nomor: 51/Pdt.g/2015/PN.Bil              Pendekatakan yang digunakan bersifat normatif dengan menggunakan bahan hukum primer terdiri dari Undang-undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan Peraturan Presiden Nomor 20 Tahun 2018 tentang Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja Asing serta putusan Pengadilan Negeri Nomor: 51/Pdt.G/2015/PN.bil dan bahan hukum sekunder terdiri dari publikasi tentang hukum dalam Tenaga Kerja Asing meliputi buku-buku, kamus hukum, jurnal hukum, website, atau sumber yang lain yang mencakup pokok permasalahan materi. Hasil dari penelitian skripsi ini menunjukan bahwa pertimbangan hakim Pengadilan Negeri dalam perkara penggunaan Tenaga Kerja Asing berdasarkan pemeriksaan judex facti pada Pengadilan Negeri Bangil telah benar namun kurang cukup karena dalam pertimbangan tersebut hakim tidak memberikan sanksi kepada tergugat karena tergugat mempekerjakan Tenaga Kerja Asing tanpa adanya izin IMTA sebagaimana yang sudah tertulis pada Undang-undang Nomor 13 tahun 2003
Tinjauan Yuridis Penerapan Tindakan Keberi Kimia Terhadap Pelaku Persetubuhan Pada Anak Di Kejaksaan Negeri Kabupaten Bogor (Studi Kasus Perkara Atas Nama Hendra Iskandar dengan Nomor Berkas Perkara: B/60/X/2018/Reskrim)
Authors: Azis Fahmi , Irwani Febby , Putra Bayu Eka , Husada Vikram Surya
Published: February 2021

Indonesia has ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child which means that Indonesia is bound by international law to implement provisions in the CRC to adopt legislative, administrative and programmatic measures to ensure children's rights are realized with the issuance of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 1 Year 2016 which was passed into law as the second revision to Child Protection Law Number 23 of 2002 on Child Protection. The ratification of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 1 Year 2016 is a form of crunch against the high cases of child sex abuse because the criminal sanctions imposed on perpetrators of child sexual abuse have not had a deterrent effect and have not been able to comprehensively prevent the occurrence of sexual violence against children, so it is necessary to immediately amend Law Number 23 of 2002 on Child Protection. Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 1 Year 2016 imposes sanctions for perpetrators of sexual crimes that add to the basic penalty of death and life imprisonment and additional criminal acts of chemical castration, the addition of provisions on the act of chemical castration is a form of legal reform because punishing violators with the death penalty is no longer constitutional and those who are released often return and end up in prison, therefore it is necessary to find other rule of law and humane methods to treat these offenders.
Surface Modification of Polypropylene by Atmospheric Pressure Plasma
Authors: Xosocotla O. , Martinez H. , Campillo B.
Published: February 2021

In this investigation, we studied the influence of atmospheric pressure plasma treatment on the surface properties of polypropylene (PP). The PP samples were treated for various durations using a gliding arc plasma source with air as a working gas. The formation of polar groups (–OH and C = O) on the PP surface after plasma treatment was evaluated and analyzed using Raman spectroscopy and attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The contact angle was measured using polar and non-polar liquids to obtain the polar and dispersive components as well as the surface free energy of the PP before and after treatment. A sevenfold increase after treatment was observed for the polar component, while hydrophobicity decreased 73% after treatment. Finally, changes in topography were observed using atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis before and after plasma treatment. AFM images showed that under atmospheric treatment, the PP surface underwent etching, reducing the surface roughness. Microhardness measurements of the films also revealed significant changes in mechanical properties after plasma treatment.
Gamma Irradiation of Aqueos Solution of L-Aspartic Acid, L-Aspartic Acid in Solid State, and L-Aspartic Acid Adsorbed into Na-Montmorillonite: Its Relevance in Chemistry Prebiotic
Authors: Meléndez-López A. , García-Hurtado M. F. , Cruz-Castañeda J. , Negrón-Mendoza A. , Ramos-Bernal S. , Heredia A.
Published: February 2021

Aspartic acid is an amino acid present in the modern proteins, however, is considered a primitive amino acid hence its importance in prebiotic chemistry experiments studies. In some works of prebiotic chemistry have been studied the synthesis and the stability of organic matter under high energy sources, and the role of clays has been highlighted due to clays that can affect the reaction mechanisms in the radiolytic processes. The present work is focused on the study of the role of Namontmorillonite in the gamma radiolysis processes of L-aspartic acid. Gamma radiolysis processes were carried out in three different systems a) L-aspartic acid in aqueous solution; b) L-aspartic acid in solid-state; and c) L-aspartic acid adsorbed into Na-montmorillonite. L-aspartic acid was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography−electrospray ionization−mass spectrometry (HPLCESI-MS). The results showed that the decomposition of L-aspartic acid considerably decreased in the presence of clay thus highlighting the protector role of clays and favors the stability of organic matter even under the possible high energy conditions of primitive environments. The principal product ofgamma radiolysis of L-aspartic acid was succinic acid produced by deamination reaction. On the other hand, when aspartic acid was irradiated in solid-state the main product was the L-aspartic acid dimer. Both radiolysis products are important for chemical evolution processes for L-aspartic acid in primitive environments.
Structural Shielding Design of CT Facility using Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: Yadav Ashwani Kumar , Huillcara Basilia Quispe , Ramírez Pablo Víctor Cerón , Aquino Modesto Antonio Sosa , Hernández Miguel Ángel Vallejo
Published: February 2021

Radiation application in medicine offers extraordinary benefits. But radiation is like a double-edged sword, it has both benefits and associated risks on the community in contact. To justify the safety of workers and members of the public, regulated use of radiation is assessed by the radiation protection protocols. The aim of this study is to design a Computed Tomography (CT) facility with a simplified model of CT scanner, whose shielding follows the guidelines of National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) Report No. 147. To design the study model, Monte Carlo (MC) radiation transport code in MCNPX 2.6.0 was used for the simulation. Furthermore, MCNPX was used to measure the photon flux in a vicinity or the detector cell. To validate the functioning of the X-ray tube, the experimental results were compared with the X-ray Transition Energies Database of National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce. The results obtained were within 0.60% of relative error. To confirm the functioning of shielding design, radiation protection quantity, air kerma was measured at several points outside, and inside of the CT room and they were under the radiation dose recommended by NCRP, which demonstrates that the shielding design wassuccessful in blocking the radiation. The study can be used for an easy evaluation of any CT room within the framework of the model of the study.
Changes of the Neutron Flux of the Nuclear Reactor Triga Mark III Since the Conversion from High to Low 235U Enrichment
Authors: Vázquez-López C. , Ángel-Gómez O. Del , Raya-Arredondo R. , S. Cruz-Galindo S. , Golzarri-Moreno J. I. , Espinosa G.
Published: February 2021

The neutron flux of the Triga Mark III research reactor was studied using nuclear track detectors. The facility of the National Institute for Nuclear Research (ININ), operates with a new core load of 85 LEU 30/20 (Low Enriched Uranium) fuel elements. The reactor provides a neutron flux around 2 × 1012 n cm-2s-1 at the irradiation channel. In this channel, CR-39 (allyl diglycol policarbonate) Landauer® detectors were exposed to neutrons; the detectors were covered with a 3 mm acrylic sheet for (n, p) reaction. Results show a linear response between the reactor power in the range 0.1 - 7 kW, and the average nuclear track density with data reproducibility and relatively low uncertainty (±5%). The method is a simple technique, fast and reliable procedure to monitor the research reactor operating power levels.