bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of Bolton's Analysis among Different Malocclusion Patients Plaster Models and Digital Models Obtained by Ex Vivo Scanning with iTero Scanner in Chinese Han Population
Authors: Jabri M Al , Wu S , Zhang Y , Wang H , Pan Y , Ma J , Wang L
Published: August 2023

Aim:

This investigation aimed to compare the accuracy of Bolton's analysis on plaster models of various malocclusion groups by utilizing digital calipers and iTero scanner.

Materials and Methods:

The data consisted maxillary and mandibular plaster study casts of 61 patients (Class I-20, Class II-20, Class III-21) there were 31 males and 30 females. iTero®element scanner was utilized to scan the models and Bolton's analysis was performed on digital models. Also, the Digital caliper was utilized to perform the Manual measurements. Mesiodistal tooth widths, Anterior and Overall Bolton ratio was measured utilizing OrthoCAD™ software on digital models and plaster models with digital calipers. Statistical analysis was performed utilizing One-way ANOVA and independent T-test.

Results:

Results revealed anterior and overall Bolton ratios showed significant differences (P < 0.05) for the measurements performed utilizing digital models. Anterior ratio for (Group 1) iTero measurements depicted the statistical significant value (P < 0.03) and overall ratio for (Group 2) digital caliper measurements depicted the statistical significant value (P < 0.02).

Conclusion:

With the introduction of intra-oral laser scanners it has become more convenient for the practitioner to perform the intra-oral digital scanning and carry out the model analysis digitally and iTero scanner can also be utilized extra-orally to perform the scanning and model analysis. Our study concludes that intra-oral laser scanner like iTero is more convenient for an orthodontist, and can be utilized for extra-oral scanning of orthodontic dental models as the measurements obtained on digital models was as accurate as the conventional method.
Trauma Patients and Whole-Body Computerized Tomography Imaging
Authors: Kaya FB , Cevik AA , Ozkan B , Koksal A , Ozakin E , Abu-Zidan FM.
Published: August 2023

Objective

We aimed to study the factors affecting the mortality of trauma patients who underwent whole-body computerized tomography (CT) on Emergency department (ED) time frames in a developing emergency care system. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of adult patients who received WBCT from August to November for two consecutive years (2014 and 2015). Non-parametric statistical methods were used to compare the patients who died and survived. The Backward logistic regression model was used to define factors significantly affecting mortality.

Results:

During 2014, 200 patients out of 827 (24.1%) received WBCT. During 2015, 263 patients out of 951 (27.6%) received WBCT. Four hundred sixteen patients were entered into the analysis. The overall mortality was 3.4% (7% in 2014 and 1% in 2015, P = 0.002). Significant factors found in backward logistic regression model defining factors affecting mortality were ISS (p < 0.0001), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) (p = 0.001). CT location (outside the ED in 2014, inside the ED in 2015) showed a very strong trend for affecting mortality (p = 0.054). Patients who had WBCT in the ED had lower ISS (p < 0.0001). CT imaging in the ED decreased ED to CT time 15.5 minutes (p < 0.0001), but admission time was 75.5 minutes longer.

Conclusions:

ISS and GCS were the main factors predicting mortality in patients who received WBCT. Patients received more WBCT imaging and physicians showed a tendency to order WBCT for less severe patients when the CT located in the ED. CT location did not show a significant effect on mortality, but on some operational time frames.
Knowledge about Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Nassar Afnan A.
Published: August 2023

Background:

The Saudi Ministry of Health (MOH) has published detailed guidelines and educational documents about Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevention and infection control. The knowledge of dentists of the reported guidelines is not yet assessed and lack of awareness of these guidelines may have negative implications on dental patients.

Aims:

The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge of dentists about COVID-19 and the MOH guidelines while treating dental patients in Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Method:

A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey which was sent to a sample of dentists in Saudi Arabia from March to May 2020.

Results:

A total of 294 dentists with a mean age of (36.9 ± 10.6) years completed the questionnaire. Participants included 157 females and 137 males with a range of professional classification and experience. All of the participants were aware of COVID-19, the nature of the disease, symptoms, modes of transmission and people at higher risk, except for 7.2% who did not report the correct incubation period. All participants agreed that patients and staff should wear a facial mask, use hydroalcoholic hand sanitizer upon arrival. Only 72.4% had knowledge about published guidelines. Infection control training was provided for 53% of the participants and those who had training were more confident to treat patients. Regarding personal protective equipment (PPE), putting on and taking off PPE, 64.6% and 78.6%, respectively, were aware of the guidelines.

Conclusion:

Dentists in Saudi Arabia had optimal knowledge about COVID-19. However, infection control training is recommended to increase readiness and confidence among dentists.
Does Inflammation Play a Role in the Pathophysiology of Tinnitus?
Authors: Demir M
Published: August 2023

Objective:

The present study aimed to investigate the potential of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and mean platelet volume (MPV) as prognostic markers in tinnitus patients at inflammatory process.

Methods:

This study consisted of 216 subjects (124 males and 92 females), Routine laboratory CBC test results were calculated in this study. All the patients were divided into three groups according to their hearing thresholds: a high frequency hearing loss-tinnitus group (HFHL-TN) consisted of 55 subjects, an hearing loss in all frequencies tinnitus group (AFHL-TN) consisted of 53 subjects and a normal hearing-tinnitus group (NH-TN) consisted of 51 subjects. The control group (CNT) included 57 age-and sex-matched healthy subjects.

Results:

NLR, PLR and MPV were observed in the HFHL-TN group when compared to AFHL-TN, NH-TN and CNT group (P < 0.001). An increase in NLR was observed in the AFHL-TN group compared with the CNT group (P = 0.004). The PLR value of the HFHL-TN group was significantly higher than that of the AFHL-TN (P = 0.028) and NH-TN, CNT group (P < 0001). The PLR value of the HFHL-TN group was significantly higher than that of the AFHL-TN (p=0.028) and NH-TN, CNT group (P < 0001). MPV values in HFHL-TN group was slightly higher AFHL-TN group and significantly higher than NH-TN (P = 0.025) and CNT (P < 0.001) group.

Conclusion:

Our results confirm that elevated NLR, PLR and MPV values has been suggested to be a useful inflammatuar prognostic biomarker of tinnitus patients.
Individualized Supplement of Folic Acid Based on the Gene Polymorphisms of MTHER/MTRR Reduced the Incidence of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Newborn Defects
Authors: Yang J , Luo G , Chen X
Published: August 2023

Background:

The association between conventional folic acid supplement (FAS) in pregnancy and the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes, newborn defects has been proven. However, recent researches have reported a weakened association. Based on the different maternal metabolism capability of folic acid, it's beneficial for clinicians to provide pregnant women with different doses of FAS, that's individualized FAS.

Subjects and Methods:

A total of 2,677 pregnant women in Dazu, Chongqing, China were recruited in this cohort study. 1,539 women volunteered to receive individualized FAS, in which FAS dose increased with the risk level of maternal genotype? specify MTHFR and MTRR (write in full then abbreviate bracket open and close) while 1,138 women received conventional FAS with unified FAS dose. Additionally, 1,964 pregnant women without FAS were retrospectively analyzed as the control. Finally, the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes and newborn defects were recorded.

Results:

Based on the genotype of MTHFR and MTRR, women were identified as five risk levels of folic acid metabolism. The distributions of genotype and risk levels were not significantly different between FAS-individualized supplement group and FAS-unified supplement group. However, compared with control or FAS-unified supplement group, the incidence of spontaneous abortion, prolonged pregnancy, premature labor, fetal macrosomia and congenital heart disease were significantly decreased in FAS-individualized supplement group. In subgroup analysis, individualized FAS significantly improved pregnancy outcomes for women between 20-40 years old and inhibited the occurrence of newborn defects in both women of the first gestation and women of ≥2 gestations.

Conclusions:

The application of individualized FAS based on gene polymorphisms was more effective in preventing adverse outcomes in the mother and child.
Iron Deficiency Anemia in Nigerians with Heart Failure (IDAN-HF)
Authors: Akintunde AA , Akinlade OM , Egbewale BE , Opadijo OG
Published: August 2023

Background:

Recent evidence has reported significant improvement in clinical profile, quality of life, and prognosis of heart failure subjects with iron replacement.

Aims:

This study aimed to determine the safety and outcome of parenteral iron replacement among heart failure subjects in Nigeria.

Method:

A randomized interventional study was done at the Cardiology Clinic of LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria. One hundred and forty subjects with heart failure were recruited. Iron deficiency and anemia were determined according to standardized criteria. Parenteral iron dextran was administered to a block randomized group of 30 of those identified with iron deficiency and compared with controls. The primary outcome was the six minutes' walk test (6 MWT) after 8 weeks while the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) score was used to assess the quality of life as a secondary outcome. Statistical analysis was done with the SPSS 20.0. P value <0.05 was taken as statistically significant.

Results:

Iron deficiency was present in 84 (60.0%) of all study participants. Iron dextran was fairly tolerated with mild to moderate adverse reactions reported in 7 (23.3%) subjects who had an iron infusion. Improvement in the 6 MWT distance (390.1 ± 92.6 vs. 156.9 ± 72.5 meters, P < 0.05) and the KCCQ score (84.5 ± 3.7 vs. 64.2 ± 12.5%, P < 0.05) among iron-deficient heart failure subjects who received iron dextran was significantly higher than those who did not receive the iron replacement. Functional classification according to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) profile and heart rate were also much improved after the iron replacement than those who did not receive it.

Conclusion:

Parenteral iron dextran therapy was fairly tolerated among heart failure subjects. Iron replacement is associated with improved quality of life, better temporal clinical profile, and functional classification among Nigerians with heart failure. Iron replacement therapy can be an additional therapeutic option in heart failure management among Africans to improve prognosis.
Knowledge and Behavioral Assessment of Dentists Toward Screening and Managing Patients with Head and Neck Cancer in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alhazzazi TY
Published: August 2023

Background:

Widening the breadth of dentists' responsibilities to include screening all patients for life-threatening diseases, such as head and neck cancer (HNC), is crucial to improve survival rates and decrease morbidity.

Aims:

The study aimed to assess the knowledge and behavior of dentists toward screening and managing patients with HNC in Daudi Arabia. Thus, this study aimed to assess the knowledge and behavior of dentists toward screening and managing patients with HNC in Saudi Arabia.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study comprised a closed-ended electronic questionnaire sent to dentists including general practitioners, specialists, and consultants (n = 723). The e-questionnaire included questions that assessed dentists' behavior and knowledge toward screening and managing patients with HNC. The Chi-square test was used to establish relationships between categorical variables.

Results:

The response rate was 28.5%. Dentists obtained the dental and medical histories of 74% and 80% of their cases, respectively. Only 55% and 14% of dentists routinely ask their patients about smoking habits and family history of cancer, respectively. Additionally, only 13% and 12% always screen for HNC and were familiar with adjunct HNC screening tools, respectively. Approximately 75% of respondents identified HPV as a risk factor, whereas 54% and 41% identified human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and poor oral hygiene as risk factors, respectively.

Conclusions:

There is an apparent lack of essential concepts of the behavior and knowledge in our dental community with respect to screening and managing patients with HNC. More emphasis should be placed on updating information on clinical practices and having dentists familiarize themselves with HNC screening methods and tools. Ultimately, the role of the dentist should include screening and detecting systemic diseases in dental settings.
Knowledge Attitude and Practice of Safety Measures for Corona Virus Disease - 19 (COVID-19) Among General Population
Authors: Ahmed N , Abbasi MS , Bin-Shuwaish MS , Al-Aali KA , Al-Hamdan RS , Abduljabbar T , Vohra F
Published: August 2023

Objective:

To evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of general population for Corona virus disease 19 (COVID-19).

Methods:

A total of 950 participants submitted an online self-administered questionnaire, which was developed through literature search and validated. The online survey link was distributed through various social media platforms (WhatsApp, Instagram, Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, Snapchat, Pinterest, and Tumblr). And 861 forms were included in the study after checking for completion of relevant response from participants, whereas 89 forms were excluded. The data were analyzed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Descriptive statistics were performed for percentage and frequency determination of quantitative and qualitative variables. Spearman's correlation and Chi square test were performed to control confounders and association of knowledge, attitude, and practices with gender and education level. The P value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results:

More than two third of the population was aware of COVID-19 and three fourth had had bachelor's degrees, whereas 18% had master level education. 85% have not attended any courses, awareness campaigns, and lectures to inculcate recent and updated knowledge. 83% believed that COVID-19 is a serious threat to the community; hence, prevention strategies should be adopted. There was no significant relationship (p = 0.23) between knowledge, attitude, and practice levels with gender, whereas a significant relationship (p = 0.01) was noted with education of participant. Similarly, a significant relationship (p = 0.00) was seen between knowledge and practices of participants toward COVID-19.

Conclusion:

The studied population displayed adequate knowledge, attitude, and practice to combat COVID-19. However, we also find a knowledge gap between information source and perception of COVID-19 among our study participants. Therefore, there is a critical need for effective education and widespread public campaigns aiming to enhance relevant and contemporary information related to prevention and management of COVID-19.
A Rare Rectosigmoid Mass Mimicking Cancer; Solitary Rectal Ulcer
Authors: Anilir E
Published: August 2023

Solitary rectal ulcer (SRU) is a rare, benign disease that has a rate of 1–3.6/100000. Perineal pain, rectal bleeding, mucosal discharge accompanied by incomplete defecation, rectal prolapse, obstructive symptoms, such as constipation and obstipation, may occur as clinical findings in SRU. Different methods, ranging from medical treatment to surgery, can be applied according to the severity of the disease and clinical findings. A 36-year-old female patient, who did not have any chronic disease or previous surgical operation, was admitted to our outpatient clinic due to complaints of abdominal pain, anorexia, constipation, occasional rectal bleeding, and weight loss, which had been ongoing for about 2 months. An obstructive polypoid mass was detected in colonoscopy. Low anterior resection was performed. The pathology result was SRU. The patient was discharged on the 12th day after healing without any complication. SRU should always be considered in patients who present lower gastrointestinal system symptoms. Surgery may be preferred in patients who do not respond to medical treatment or have an obstructive lesion and suspected malignancy.
Evaluation of Pediatric High-Energy Trauma Patients with Whole-Body Computed Tomography
Authors: Aydın ZB
Published: August 2023

Objectives:

We aimed to evaluate the findings of whole-body computed tomography (WBCT) in pediatric high-energy trauma patients and to determine the distribution of injuries.

Materials and Methods:

The WBCT images of 1132 pediatric patients who were admitted to emergency department between 2013 and 2018 for high-energy trauma were evaluated retrospectively. Six hundred and twenty patients with abdominal, chest, head, and skeletal injuries were included.

Results:

Using the WBCT images, we detected skeletal injuries in 557 pediatric patients; spinal, rib, extremity, and pelvic fractures were detected in 113, 57, 51, and 37 patients, respectively. Craniofacial fractures were viewed in 299 patients. We detected intracranial hemorrhage, pulmonary contusion, pneumothorax, and solid organ injuries in 102, 115, 45, and 55 pediatric patients, respectively.

Conclusion:

The frequency and distribution of injuries in trauma cases vary between adults and children. While there are many studies about whole-body CT findings of adult trauma, there are only a few studies about pediatric high-energy trauma patients. The traumatic injury types also differ in pediatric age groups. WBCT scan (with pediatric radiation dose) is the fast and accurate diagnostic tool in high-energy trauma cases and therefore is associated with low mortality rates.
Use of BRAF Immunohistochemistry as a Screening Test in Detecting BRAFV600E Mutation in Melanomas
Authors: Gün S , Kefeli M , Yildiz L
Published: August 2023

Objective:

BRAF mutation is detected in 50–70% of melanomas. The molecular methods used to detect BRAF mutations are 80–90% sensitive, specific, and expensive methods. Immunohistochemistry is a relatively common, rapid, relatively inexpensive method in pathology practice compared to molecular techniques.

Aims:

We aimed to compare immunohistochemical and molecular methods in our case of malign melanoma in which we investigated BRAF mutation with “real time PCR” method and to investigate the compatibility of molecular test results of BRAF immunohistochemistry results as a preliminary test.

Methods:

Selected blocks of 30 patients with metastatic melanoma who came to our department for BRAF mutation detection were subjected to real time PCR molecular method and immunohistochemical study was performed with BRAF primer antibody.

Results:

BRAF mutation was detected by molecular method in 7 of 30 cases (23.33%).

Conclusion:

In all of these 7 cases, positive immunohistochemical staining was identified (100%). In conclusion, the use of BRAF immunohistochemistry as a screening test in the detection of mutant disease will allow the cost-effective use of molecular testing.
The Efficiency of Laser Application for Debonding Laminate Restorations Manufactured of Current CAD-CAM Materials with Different Thicknesses
Authors: Çulhaoğlu AK , Kilicarslan MA , Gökdeniz B , Gür G
Published: August 2023

Background:

Using lasers for adhesive restoration removal can be practical and atraumatic.

Aims:

The purpose of this study was to investigate Er: YAG laser exposure on debonding the adhesive cementation between enamel and feldspar ceramic, lithium disilicate-reinforced and resin nano ceramic composite laminate restorations.

Materials and Methods:

Vita Cerec Blocs, IPS e.max Computer-aided design (CAD). Computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD-CAM) in full and Lava Ultimate restorative materials were chosen. The 3 × 3 mm2 standardized, 0.5-mm and 1 mm thick specimens were cemented on an enamel surface. After thermocycling, each material group was randomly divided into laser treated and control (non-laser treated) groups. Shear bond strength test was done with a universal testing machine with crosshead speed 0.5 mm/min. Factorial ANOVA Technique and TUKEY HSD multiple comparison test were used for statistical analyses. Moreover, the surface morphology of the debonded samples and the enamel was observed using a scanning electron microscope.

Results:

The laser application was found to weaken the SBS values significantly (P < 0.05) for all groups; however, the most dramatic SBS decrease was observed for laser treated IPS e.max at both thicknesses.

Conclusions:

Laser treatment can serve as a practical and effective method that eliminates the risk the enamel damage and restoration fracture.
Analysis of 10 Cases of Orbital Infections Arising from Odontogenic Cervicofacial Infections
Authors: Benjamin F , Ezekiel AT , Kelvin OU , Albert OU , Rowlan A , Emmanuel AR
Published: August 2023

Background:

Orbital cellulitis, also called postseptal cellulitis, is an infection of contents of the orbit (periorbital fat, neurovascular bundle, and the extraocular muscles). It should be differentiated from preseptal (periorbital) cellulitis which is a lesion of the anterior portion of the eyelid. However, both preseptal and postseptal cellulitis could present in a similar way with eye pain, edema, and erythema.

Aim:

The aim of the study was to review patients with orbital cellulitis as a complication of odontogenic cervicofacial infections seen in a Nigerian tertiary care facility.

Patients and Methods:

A retrospective analysis of cases of odontogenic cervicofacial infections complicated by orbital infections that presented at a Nigerian tertiary health facility between January 2006 and September 2019 was conducted.

Results:

A total of 10 patients with cervicofacial infections who presented with 11 orbital infections as a complication were retrieved for this study. They were six males and four females; male to female ratio was 1.5:1. Median age was 33.5 years (mean age was 34.3 years, range was 22–47 years). Based on clinical features and results of available imaging, orbital infections using the classification by Chandler et al., (1970), were one cases of type I (9.1%), seven cases (63.6%) of type II and two cases (18.2%) of type IV and one case (9.1%) of type V. There was no case of type III.

Conclusion:

Cervicofacial infections could arise from upper posterior teeth. These infections could spread into the orbit causing cellulitis especially type II.
The Utility of CONUT Score in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma Patients
Authors: Baysal M , Bas V , Demirci U , Gulsaran SK , Umit E , Kirkizlar HO , Demir AM
Published: August 2023

Background:

Assessment of nutritional status is gaining more importance in cancer patients because nutritional status is associated with response to chemotherapy, side effects of cancer treatment and disease progression. Several studies that were performed on patients with solid malignancies have shown the clinical significance of CONUT score (Controlling nutritional status).

Aims:

Therefore we tried to show the utility of CONUT score in newly diagnosed Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) patients which is the most frequently seen B Cell Lymphoma type.

Methods:

Data of the 81 patients diagnosed with DLBCL were retrospectively evaluated. The primary endpoint of our study was to evaluate and classify newly diagnosed DLBCL patients according to the CONUT score and secondary endpoint was to show any relationship with CONUT score and overall survival. Patients' demographics, treatment details, stages, extranodal involvements, the presence of bulky disease, response to treatment options and overall survivals were evaluated from medical recordings.

Results:

Univariate cox regression analysis CONUT score was associated with overall survival (HR: 2.34–95% CI: 1.55–3.24 P = 0.040). On multivariate Cox regression analysis model CONUT score ≥5 was found to be an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (HR: 4.96–95% CI: 1.77–13.97- P = 0.002).

Conclusion:

The value of obtaining nutritional status in cancer patients is underestimated and CONUT score is simple, easily applicable and in our opinion is going to fill the gap especially in DLBCL patients.
Testicular Torsion
Authors: Ogbetere FE
Published: August 2023

Testicular torsion leads to loss of blood supply to the testes due to the twisting of the spermatic cord and its contents, necessitating urgent surgical intervention to salvage the affected testis. Testicular loss from missed diagnosis and delayed referral is preventable, especially when patients present early to first contact health care workers. This makes having the correct diagnostic knowledge for testicular torsion by these first contact healthcare providers a very essential determinant of its overall outcome. Two cases of testicular torsion are presented here. Their diagnoses were missed and referrals were delayed despite presenting within three hours of onset of symptoms. It led to the removal of the affected testis in both patients. This case series emphasizes the need to regard every testicular pain in children and young adults as testicular torsion until proven otherwise and highlights the importance of training the first contact health care providers on recognition and prompt intervention or referral of patients with testicular torsion.
Retrospective Evaluation of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Findings of Odontogenic Cysts in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Yılmaz B , Yalçin ED
Published: August 2023

Background:

Odontogenic cysts develop from the epithelium of dental structures and generally grow slowly. In children and adolescents, cysts usually grow faster than adults and require much knowledge for diagnoses and treatments.

Aims:

This study aimed to determine the diagnosis and treatment of odontogenic cysts in different age groups by evaluating the type of lesions, age, gender, and anatomical distribution of odontogenic cysts seen in children and adolescents by cone-beam computed tomography.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 42 odontogenic cysts (radicular, dentigerous cyst, and odontogenic keratocyst) were determined in children and adolescents aged 7–18 years. Cone-beam computed tomography images of odontogenic cysts were analyzed in terms of types, age, sex, anatomical location, height, width, depth, scalloped borders, lesion shapes, tooth displacement, root resorption, and association with an unerupted tooth.

Results:

There was a significant correlation between odontogenic cyst types and age groups, scalloped borders, lesion shape, tooth displacement, root resorption, and association with an unerupted tooth.

Conclusion:

When odontogenic cysts seen in children and adolescents are examined with cone-beam computed tomography, the radicular cyst was the most common form and was predominated in the 13–18 years age group and in boys. Differences in terms of scalloped borders, lesion shape, tooth displacement, root resorption, and association with unerupted teeth were noticed. The knowledge of the distribution and properties of odontogenic cysts in pediatric patients will help diagnose the lesions during clinical and radiological examinations and make appropriate treatment planning.
Alteration of Intestinal Microflora in Uremia Patients With or Without Blood Purification
Authors: He H , Xie Y
Published: August 2023

Aims:

To investigate alteration of intestinal microflora in uremia patients with or without blood purification treatments.

Methods:

The present study included a total of 109 adult patients who were administered in our hospital during 2014 August to 2015 December, 85 cases had already received hemodialysis treatment and 24 cases had not received any renal transplantation treatments. Serum levels of hemoglobin, albumin, creatinine, hypersensitive C reactive protein, and cystatin C, as well as blood urea nitrogen and estimated glomerular filtration rate were determined. 16S rRNA sequencing was conducted to determine the levels of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis.

Results:

The hemoglobin level in the hemodialysis group was significantly higher than that of the non-hemodialysis patients. The levels of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus acidophilus were significantly lower while the levels of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis were significantly higher in both of the patient groups compared with the healthy control. In all treatment groups, levels of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus acidophilus were significantly higher and levels of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis were significantly lower compared with the non-blood purification treatment group.

Conclusions:

The intestinal microflora might be influenced by uremia and might also be affected by blood purification treatments.
Obesity Affects Health-Related Quality of Life in Schools Functioning Among Adolescents in Southwest of Nigeria
Authors: Fagbohun AO , Orimadegun AE , Yaria JO , Falade AG
Published: August 2023

Background:

The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adolescence is important but there is a dearth of this information among developing countries such as Nigeria. To assess the relationship between BMI and HRQoL among healthy schooling adolescents in Southwestern Nigeria.

Aims:

We assessed the relationship between BMI and HRQoL among healthy schooling adolescents in southwestern Nigeria.

Methods:

In a cross-sectional study design, 650 adolescents were selected and interviewed about their quality of life in the preceding 1 month using a validated instrument with contents adapted from the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQLTM) questionnaire. The BMI was calculated and plotted on the Center for Disease Control and Prevention percentile chart to categorize as underweight, normal, overweight, or obese. Comparisons were made using Student's t-test, ANOVA, and linear regression model at P = 0.05.

Results:

Participants mean BMI and overall HRQoL score was 19.0 ± 3.0 kg/m2 and 73.7 ± 11.7, respectively. The prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity was 6.9%, 2.3%, and 0.6%, respectively. Females (72.3 ± 12.2) had a significantly lower overall mean HRQoL score than males (75.0 ± 11.1), P = 0.048. Post-hoc ANOVA showed that obese adolescents had significantly lower mean HRQoL in school functioning domain (55.0 ± 20.8) than underweight (83.5 ± 14.), and normal BMI (81.3 ± 16.3) participants (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Obesity reduces HRQoL in the school functioning domain among adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria. Our finding buttresses the need to monitor body mass and size in high schools for enhancing quality of life.
Dental Caries Experience among Down's Syndrome Population in Saudi Arabia – A Systematic Review
Authors: Ashi H
Published: August 2023

It is the most common and best-known chromosomal disorder in humans. Its incidence in Saudi Arabia is reported to be 1 in 554 live births. and the scientific evidence on the experience of dental caries (Dental Caries) in DS population is non-conclusive. The aim of this systematic review was to report on the Dental Caries experience among DS population in Saudi Arabia. The electronic databases were searched for scientific research articles published from January 2000 to July 2020. The data search was performed in the electronic search engines like PubMed, Google scholar, Scopus, Web of science, Medline, Embase, Cochrane, and Saudi Digital Library. Eight studies which met the eligibility criteria were further analyzed. The qualitative and quantative data were included in the analysis. The sample size of the study population in the included studies varied from 36 to 224 participants and their age ranged from 3 years to 40 years. In this systematic review we found that five studies have reported a higher prevalence of Dental Caries among the DS population. Three studies reported that there was no difference in the Dental Caries prevalence among the DS population when compared to those without DS. The findings of these studies emphasizes the need to prioritize preventive and curative programs for this special care group. Oral health education programs should focus on targeting the DS population as well as their caretakers in order to help them in achieving better quality of life.
A 10-Year Review of Colonoscopy at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano Nigeria
Authors: Musa Y , Abdulkadir YM , Manko M , Umar YS , Mohammed AN , Yusuf I , Borodo MM , Samaila AA
Published: August 2023

Background:

Colonoscopy is an investigation modality used for colorectal examination; it is the most accurate technique for the diagnosis and surveillance of important colorectal diseases such as cancers (colorectal cancer) and polyps. Aims: Most studies on colonoscopy in Nigeria were conducted in southwest such as Ilorin, Ife, Ibadan, and Lagos. We therefore feel the need to get information from other regions such as northwest, the area of this study. The aim of this study was to identify the common indications as well as colonoscopic findings among patients who had colonoscopy in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano.

Methodology:

It was a 10-year retrospective descriptive study of patients who had colonoscopy between January 2008 and December 2017 at the study center. Colonoscopy register was used to extract information concerning the patient's age, gender, symptoms that necessitated the request for the procedure, and the endoscopic findings.

Results:

A total of 839 patient records were reviewed, males constituted 62.2% of the patients. The mean age ± standard deviation was 43.86 ± 18.36 years, with a range of 8–96 years. The 30–39 years constituted the modal age group, followed by 40–49 years and 50–59 years. The commonest indications for the procedure were rectal bleeding (52.4%), chronic abdominal pain (51.3%), and diarrhea (48.8%). The cecal intubation rate was 98.2% with hemorrhoids as the commonest finding (42.3%) followed by suspected inflammatory bowel disease lesions (18.1%) and suspected colorectal tumors (16.2%).

Conclusion:

The commonest reason for colonoscopy was rectal bleeding while the commonest colonoscopic finding was hemorrhoids.
Characterization of Pepsin-Soluble Collagen Extracted from Gourami (Osphronemus goramy) Scales
Authors: Tangguh HL , Prahasanti C , Ulfah N , Krismariono A
Published: August 2023

Background:

Periodontal regeneration is the anticipated result of periodontal tissue therapy. Of the many scaffold materials utilized, collagen has been shown to possess characteristics that strongly promote the periodontal regeneration process. Gourami (Osphronemusgoramy) scales can be utilized as an alternative source of collagen due to their abundant availability, the absence of risk of zoonosis, and lack of religious strictures against their use.

Aims:

To analyze the characteristics of collagen extracted from gourami scales.

Methods and Materials:

A combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and in vitro enzymatic biodegradation analysis were employed to determine pore sizes, constituent functional groups, and the degradation rate of collagen extractedfrom gourami scales.

Results:

Collagen extracted from gourami scales demonstrated an average porosity of 13.779 μm. The FTIR test results indicated Amide A, Amide B, Amide I, Amide II, and Amide III peaks. The degradation rate of extracted collagen from gourami scales was 92.00 ± 0.8165% on the first day, 95.75 ± 1.70783% on the third day and 100% on the seventh day.

Conclusion:

The pore sizes ofcollagen extracted from gouramy scalesare suitable for use as scaffold. FTIR analysis indicated that this collagen possessed a triple helix structure. Collagen extracted from gourami scales was completely degraded within seven days when treated with 0.6 g/mL collagenase solution.
Dental Implant for Maxillary Cancellous Alveolar Bone with Expandable Transformation in Apical Part
Authors: Sozkes S
Published: August 2023

Aim:

The focus of this study is to propose a new implant design that will resemble the tooth anatomy as with three roots thus increase the primary stability in bone and open new indications to dental implant applications.

Methods:

Developed implant design and control implants were fabricated from Grade 4 type medical titanium. Three different media are selected as similar structural mechanical properties of alveolar cancellous bone quality; bovine iliac bone, bovine spinal bone, and polymer block. Implant sites were prepared with a 2-mm final drill. Then implants were inserted and all insertion torques were recorded. Starting from 5 Ncm implants were applied removal torques to test the initial stability. The sample that withstands the removal torque is marked with “+” until the torque value where the implant started to move out from the bone socket.

Results:

Different bone structures and polymer material, designed implant with apical arms have shown relatively average gains of % 38.6 in bovine spinal bone samples, % 38.2 in bovine iliac bone samples and % 46.4 gain in polymer block in retention to removal torques. In the Bovine spinal bone environment, the percentage of gain of the Implant Group developed was significantly higher than the Control Implant Group (p: 0.000; P < 0.05). In the Bovine iliac bone medium, the percentage of gain of the Implant Group developed was significantly higher than the Control Implant Group (p: 0.002; P < 0.05). In the Polymer block environment, the gain percentage of the Implant Group developed was significantly higher than the Control Implant Group (p: 0.008; P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

The results of this study indicate promising positive future directions to make further researches on the material production and testings of such a new dental implant design including in vivo clinical controlled studies will be beneficial for better understanding the behavior of the developed implant design under different conditions.
Are Radiological Measurements Reliable Methods in the Postoperative Follow-up of Calcaneal Fractures?
Authors: Bulut T , Gursoy M
Published: August 2023

Background:

Böhler's angle (BA) and the crucial angle of Gissane (CAG) are the most frequently used objective measurements for the follow-up of fixation following calcaneus fracture surgery. However, the measurements of these angles by different people can affect the results and cause conflicting interpretations of different results obtained. This has caused confusion in the literature.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability and disagreement of BA and the CAG, and to interrogate the veracity of angular changes in the postoperative period of calcaneal fractures.

Methods:

In the first round, a total of 82 postoperative lateral radiographs were investigated to assess the inter-tester reliability and disagreement. Second round; all radiographs were re-evaluated by two testers 15 days after the first measurement. These values were used to assess the intra and inter-tester reliability, disagreement and false negative/positive angular change. All measurements were performed separately by a radiologist and an orthopedic surgeon.

Results:

Inter- and intra-tester reliability was found low to high in BA (ICC: 0.465 to 0.837), and moderate to very high in CAG (ICC: 0.661 to 0.926). The mean inter-tester disagreement of BA was 4.19° and 6.07°. These values were 4.76° and 7.22° for CAG. The mean intra-tester disagreement of BA was 4.09° for the orthopedic surgeon and 3.97° for the radiologist. These values were 4.96° and 4.39° for CAG respectively. The false negative angular difference was found for BA in 51 (62.2%) cases for the orthopedic surgeon and 46 (56.1%) cases for the radiologist. The mean values were -3.87° and -4.21°, respectively. For the CAG, the false positive angular difference was found in 43 (52.4%) cases for both the orthopedic surgeon and the radiologist. The mean values were +5.01° and +4.72°, respectively.

Conclusion:

These angles alone should not be considered to be of guidance in the postoperative period. If any angular change is determined on the lateral radiographs, this could arise from a disagreement or false angular change.
Do the Bioactive Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Platelet-Rich Fibrin Influence the Oral Health Related Quality of Life Following Impacted Third Molar Surgery? A Randomized Comparative Study
Authors: Osagie O , Saheeb BD , Egbor EP
Published: August 2023

Aim:

To compare the effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL) following impacted mandibular third molar (M3) surgery.

Patients and Methods:

A prospective, randomized study of 50 subjects was designed. Participants were divided equally into the PRP and PRF groups. The OHQoL was assessed using the OHQoL-UK instrument preoperatively and on postoperative days (PODS) 1, 3, and 7. Categorical variables were presented as frequencies and proportions. The linear mixed model analysis was used to determine the effects of PRF and PRP on overall OHQoL with respect to time, treatment, and treatment by time–point interaction. The analysis was also performed for the physical, social, and psychological domains.

Results:

Fifty subjects were analyzed. The time–point assessment of the overall OHQoL was significant within the PRP and PRF groups (P-values of 0.01 and 0.000002, respectively). The time–point analysis was also significant in both study groups at all domain levels (P < 0.05). A comparison of treatment by time–point interaction for the overall OHQoL between the study groups was insignificant (P = 0.217). Treatment by time–point interaction for OHQoL between the study groups at social and psychological domain levels was insignificant, however, at the physical domain level, PRF had a significantly better effect on OHQoL (P = 0.016).

Conclusion:

The study showed that the overall OHQoL was not significantly different between the PRP and PRF groups after M3 surgery. However, PRF had a significant influence on OHQoL at the physical domain level.
Visual Morbidities among Patients at a Geriatric Center in Southwest Nigeria and the Merits of Designated Geriatric Health Care Centers Incorporating Eye Care Services
Authors: Ogun OA , Adebusoye LA , Olowookere OO , Majekodunmi OI
Published: August 2023

Background:

Visual morbidities increase the burden of care and negatively impact the quality of life of older people. Few empirical reports exist on the visual status of older Nigerians.

Aim:

This study describes the visual morbidities and determinants of visual impairment among persons aged 60 years and above who presented at a geriatric center in southwestern Nigeria and discusses the merits of focused geriatric care at a single location.

Materials and Methods:

Data were obtained from electronic health records and case files of 628 older patients (≥60 years) who attended the facility between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2018. Data extracted included, age, sex, married status, occupational status, visual acuity, eye diagnoses, eye medications, previous surgeries, and anthropometric measurements.

Results:

Mean age of patients was 70.1 ± 7.4 years and 378 (60.2%) were females. Two out of every three patients had more than one visual diagnosis. Significantly, glaucoma (P < 0.001) and cataract (P = 0.01) were common among men, whereas dry eye syndrome (P < 0.001) and allergic conjunctivitis (P = 0.01) were common in women. Antiglaucoma medications (55.8%) were the commonest medications used and 21.0% had previous eye surgery. Assessment of presenting visual acuity demonstrated that 28.7% of patients had moderate-severe visual impairment (MSVI) in both eyes at presentation while 10.3% were bilaterally blind. Increasing age (P < 0.001) and male sex (P = 0.01) were the factors significantly associated with blindness.

Conclusion:

MSVI and blindness were common in our setting with glaucoma and cataract being the most prevalent associated diagnosis. Information obtained should stimulate advocacy for the prompt management of preventable causes of poor vision in older Nigerians.
Clinicopathological Comparison of VHL Expression as a Prognostic Tumor Marker in Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Sekar H , Krishnamoorthy S , Kumaresan N , Chandrasekaran D , Ramaswamy P , Sundaram S , Raj N
Published: August 2023

Aim:

To assess the VHL gene expression as a prognostic marker in Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) and compare it with clinicopathologic features.

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective observational study was conducted in the department of Urology and Renal Transplantation in Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai from August 2016 to August 2018. Thirty patients who have undergone a radical/partial nephrectomy with biopsy proven histological diagnosis of RCC during the study period were included in the study. Data was analyzed using Statistical package for Social Sciences version 17.

Results:

A complete loss and retained VHL expression were noted in 60% and 40% of the RCC specimens. Association between smoking and VHL expression was found to be statistically significant. There was no statistical significance found between age group, sex, chief complaints, BMI. ECOG score, hypertension, family history, location of tumor, calcification, venous system or lymphnode involvement. However, rT staging, nature of lesion and cut surface, HPE type, pT staging, HPE grade, necrosis and lympho-vascular invasion were also found to be statistically significant.

Conclusion:

Complete loss of VHL expression was noted in majority of the specimens that leads to the development of RCC. Smoking has been found to be statistically significant in tumors that retain VHL expression which may contributes to more aggressive form of tumor. Association between rT staging, nature of lesion and cut surface, HPE type, pT staging, HPE grade, necrosis and lympho-vascular invasion were also found to be statistically significant.