bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of coating pretreatment with carboxymethyl cellulose in an electrohydrodynamic system on convective drying of banana slices
Authors: Nadery Dehsheikh Fereshteh , Taghian Dinani Somayeh
Published: November 2019

For the first time, a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) coating pretreatment was used in an electrohydrodynamic (EHD) system to produce convectively dried banana slices with improved quality and nutritional attributes. To this end, the impacts of the sample to CMC solution ratio (S:CSR) parameter at two levels of 1:1 and 1:2 and the EHD voltage parameter at four levels of 0, 16, 18, and 20 kV were investigated. The results showed that an increase in the EHD voltage from 0 to 20 kV significantly increased the water absorption capacity (WAC) (117.86%) and the total phenolic content (TPC) (20.83%) of the dried banana slices and significantly reduced their total energy consumption (SETotal) (30.03%), the drying time (27.9%), the shrinkage (74.52%), the shear stress (SS) (76.48%), and the total color difference (ΔE) (78.74%). Moreover, an increase in the S:CSR from 1:1 to 1:2 significantly reduced the shrinkage (20.62%), the SS (21.93%), and ΔE (33.02%) of the dried banana slices and significantly increased their WAC (24.40%) and TPC (16.88%).

Practical applications

According to the results obtained in this study, carboxymethyl cellulose coating pretreatment in an EHD system can be introduced as an innovative and practical pretreatment technique for production of convectively dried products. This approach improves both the quality indexes and nutritional attributes while increasing the performance of the convective drying process.
Subduction and accumulation of lawsonite eclogite and garnet blueschist in eastern Australia
Authors: Tamblyn Renée , Hand Martin , Kelsey David , Anczkiewicz Robert , Och David
Published: November 2019

Lawsonite eclogite and garnet blueschist occur as metre‐scale blocks within serpentinite mélange in the southern New England Orogen (SNEO) in eastern Australia. These high‐P fragments are the products of early Palaeozoic subduction of the palaeo‐Pacific plate beneath East Gondwana. Lu–Hf, Sm–Nd, and U–Pb geochronological data from Port Macquarie show that eclogite mineral assemblages formed between c. 500 and 470 Ma ago and became mixed together within a serpentinite‐filled subduction channel. Age data and P–T modelling indicate lawsonite eclogite formed at ~2.7 GPa and 590°C at c. 490 Ma, whereas peak garnet in blueschist formed at ~2.0 GPa and 550°C at c. 470 Ma. The post‐peak evolution of lawsonite eclogite was associated with the preservation of pristine lawsonite‐bearing assemblages and the formation of glaucophane. By contrast, the garnet blueschist was derived from a precursor garnet–omphacite assemblage. The geochronological data from these different aged high‐P assemblages indicate the high‐P rocks were formed during subduction on the margin of cratonic Australia during the Cambro‐Ordovician. The rocks however now reside in the Devonian–Carboniferous southern SNEO, which forms the youngest and most outboard of the eastern Gondwanan Australian orogenic belts. Geodynamic modelling suggests that over the time‐scales that subduction products accumulated, the high‐P rocks migrated large distances (~>1,000 km) during slab retreat. Consequently, high‐P rocks that are trapped in subduction channels may also migrate large distances prior to exhumation, potentially becoming incorporated into younger orogenic belts whose evolution is not directly related to the formation of the exhumed high‐P rocks.
Shared Children in Stepfamilies: Experiences Living in a Hybrid Family Structure
Authors: Sanner Caroline , Ganong Lawrence , Coleman Marilyn
Published: November 2019

Objective

To explore the lived experiences of shared children in stepfamilies (i.e., those born into a repartnered family who live with married parents and older half‐siblings).

Background

Shared children have been found to fare worse than other sibling groups on a variety of outcomes (e.g., educational outcomes, antisocial behavior, depressive symptoms). Little is known, however, about the lived experiences of these individuals.

Method

Using descriptive phenomenology, we conducted interviews with 20 shared children to answer the following research question: What is the nature of the experience of being a shared child in a stepfamily? Participants ranged in age from 19 to 30 years and lived in the same household with their half‐sibling(s) for at least some time growing up.

Results

Shared children's experiences were shaped by living in a hybrid “step‐nuclear” family; their upbringings were characterized by the tension of “reorganizing” as a nuclear unit but doing so within a larger stepfamily structure. The overriding phenomenon of participants' experiences was regulating family privacy boundaries—privacy rules existed surrounding sensitive information about family structure, marital histories, stepfamily dynamics, and more. In the absence of information, these children hypothesized about the topics that were not openly discussed in their families—a key part of their lived experiences.

Conclusion

Open communication with shared children surrounding family histories and dynamics may help reduce the ambiguity of living in a step‐nuclear family.

Implications

This study is an important step in understanding what about shared children's lived experiences might put them at higher risk for negative outcomes.
Charting self‐esteem during marital dissolution
Authors: Bleidorn Wiebke , Schwaba Ted , Denissen Jaap J. A. , Hopwood Christopher J.
Published: November 2019

Objective

The purpose of this study was to chart changes in self‐esteem before and after marital dissolution to identify the factors that shape individuals’ self‐esteem during this life transition.

Method

We analyzed 10 annual waves of self‐esteem data from 291 divorcees from a nationally representative panel study of the Netherlands (N ~ 13,000). We charted the course of self‐esteem before and after marital dissolution and tested a broad set of moderator variables that may shape individuals’ self‐esteem trajectories.

Results

The average divorcee experienced significant decrease in self‐esteem preceding marital dissolution and remained stable afterward. There were substantial individual differences in self‐esteem trajectories, both before and after marital separation. Divorcees who experienced financial hardship, were affiliated with a church or religion, or scored low in Conscientiousness showed the most pronounced decrease in self‐esteem during the years approaching marital dissolution.

Conclusion

This study highlights the importance of assessing people multiple times before and after marital dissolution to dissect how people approach and respond to this life event. Results are consistent with perspectives that view divorce as an opportunity to abate the strains of an unhappy marriage.
Incidence and aetiology of serious viral infections in young febrile infants
Authors: Hayakawa Itaru , Nomura Osamu , Uda Kazuhiro , Funakoshi Yu , Sakakibara Hiroshi , Horikoshi Yuho
Published: November 2019

Aim

While the incidence and aetiology of serious bacterial infections among febrile infants younger than 90 days old are well studied, those concerning viral infection are not. There are severe life‐threatening viral infections requiring immediate intense therapy. The objective of the study is to describe the incidence and aetiology of serious viral infections (SVI) among young febrile infants.

Methods

A retrospective audit was performed covering all the febrile infants younger than 90 days old admitted to a paediatric emergency department in Japan from 2011 to 2013. SVI was defined as a viral illness that may result in permanent organ dysfunctions or life‐threatening complications. Diagnostic investigation consisted of urine and blood culture for all infants, cerebrospinal fluid cultures for infants who do not fulfil the low‐risk criteria, rapid antigen tests for several viruses in infants with specific symptoms and blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid polymerase chain reaction of possible viruses for infants with fever without a localising source.

Results

Of 275 cases, 32 and 45 cases were diagnosed as serious viral and bacterial infections, respectively. Intensive care unit admission occurred for three viral and four bacterial infections. Viral aetiology consisted of respiratory syncytial virus (11 cases), aseptic meningitis (9 cases), enterovirus (6 cases), influenza virus (3 cases), rotavirus (2 cases) and herpes simplex virus‐1 (1 case). Respiratory (14 cases), central nervous (12 cases) and circulatory (6 cases) systems were affected.

Conclusion

SVI was observed in 11.6% of febrile young infants in a paediatric emergency department.
Molecular and Morphological Delimitation of Species in the Group of Lepocinclis Ovum‐like taxa (Euglenida)
Authors: Łukomska‐Kowalczyk Maja , Chaber Katarzyna , Fells Alicja , Milanowski Rafał , Zakryś Bożena
Published: November 2019

Although Lepocinclis ovum is recognized as a cosmopolitan and common species, and Lepocinclis globulus is the type species of the genus Lepocinclis, their correct identification is nearly impossible. The reason is that over 30 morphologically similar taxa appear in the literature, but no good diagnostic features exist to distinguish amongst them. Using environmental sampling and nuclear SSU rDNA sequencing, we delimited species within the group of Lepocinclis ovum‐like taxa. Morphological and molecular features were analyzed for taxa isolated from Poland and six cultured strains from algal collections. In the case of environmental sampling, DNA was obtained from a small number of cells (20–400) isolated with a micropipette without setting up laboratory cultures (52 isolates), and phylogenetic analyses were based on the variation in nSSU rDNA. Apart from L. ovum and L. globulus, 13 other species were distinguished and four taxa (Lepocinclis conica comb. nov., L. fominii comb. nov., L. gracilicauda comb. nov., and L. pseudofominii nom. nov.) had their taxonomic ranks changed. For all verified species, diagnostic descriptions were emended and epitypes designated. The only exception was L. ovum, for which the epitype was questioned and thus, a new candidate for the epitype was suggested for future adoption.
Paradoxical pseudomyotonia in English Springer and Cocker Spaniels
Authors: Stee Kimberley , Van Poucke Mario , Peelman Luc , Lowrie Mark
Published: November 2019

Background

Paramyotonia congenita and Brody disease are well‐described conditions in humans, characterized by exercise‐induced myotonic‐like muscle stiffness. A syndrome similar to Brody disease has been reported in cattle. Reports of a similar syndrome in dogs are scarce.

Objectives

To define and describe the clinical, diagnostic, and genetic features and disease course of paradoxical pseudomyotonia in Spaniel dogs.

Animals

Seven client‐owned dogs (4 English Springer Spaniels and 3 English Cocker Spaniels) with clinically confirmed episodes of exercise‐induced generalized myotonic‐like muscle stiffness.

Methods

Sequential case study.

Results

All dogs were <24 months of age at onset. The episodes of myotonic‐like generalized muscle stiffness always occurred with exercise, and spontaneously resolved with rest in <45 seconds in all but 1 dog. Extreme outside temperatures seemed to considerably worsen episode frequency and severity in most dogs. Complete blood count, serum biochemistry including electrolytes, urinalysis, brain magnetic resonance imaging, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, electromyography, motor nerve conduction velocity, ECG, and echocardiography were unremarkable. Muscle biopsy samples showed moderate but nonspecific muscle atrophy. The episodes seemed to remain stable or decrease in severity and frequency in 6/7 dogs, and often could be decreased or prevented by avoiding the episode triggers. The underlying genetic cause is not identified yet, because no disease‐causing variants could be found in the coding sequence or splice sites of the 2 major candidate genes, SCN4A and ATP2A1.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Paradoxical pseudomyotonia is a disease affecting Spaniels. It is of variable severity but benign in most cases.
Examining the Alignment of Mathematics Instructional Practices and Mathematics Vocabulary between Core and Intervention Materials
Authors: Nelson Gena , Hughes Pfannenstiel Kathleen , Zumeta Edmonds Rebecca
Published: November 2019

Within a multitiered system of support (MTSS), students who struggle to learn mathematics often receive core instruction and supplemental intervention in different settings, with different teachers and different sets of curriculum materials, all of which can result in poor alignment. This curriculum crosswalk describes how three sets of materials commonly used to provide core instruction and intervention differ with regard to mathematics practices and vocabulary. The results indicate that there is little overlap among all three programs for the majority (n = 6) of the mathematics practices, and very little overlap in mathematics vocabulary (ranging from 6.3 to 24 percent). We also provide a set of research‐based instructional recommendations intended to help teachers address gaps and improve alignment of core instruction and intervention.
Inorganic nitrogen availability alters Eucalyptus grandis receptivity to the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus albus but not symbiotic nitrogen transfer
Authors: Plett Krista L. , Singan Vasanth R. , Wang Mei , Ng Vivian , Grigoriev Igor V. , Martin Francis , Plett Jonathan M. , Anderson Ian C.
Published: November 2019

Forest trees are able to thrive in nutrient‐poor soils in part because they obtain growth‐limiting nutrients, especially nitrogen (N), through mutualistic symbiosis with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. Addition of inorganic N into these soils is known to disrupt this mutualism and reduce the diversity of ECM fungi. Despite its ecological impact, the mechanisms governing the observed effects of elevated inorganic N on mycorrhizal communities remain unknown.

We address this by using a compartmentalized in vitro system to independently alter nutrients to each symbiont. Using stable isotopes, we traced the nutrient flux under different nutrient regimes between Eucalyptus grandis and its ectomycorrhizal symbiont, Pisolithus albus.

We demonstrate that giving E. grandis independent access to N causes a significant reduction in root colonization by P. albus. Transcriptional analysis suggests that the observed reduction in colonization may be caused, in part, by altered transcription of microbe perception genes and defence genes. We show that delivery of N to host leaves is not increased by host nutrient deficiency but by fungal nutrient availability instead.

Overall, this advances our understanding of the effects of N fertilization on ECM fungi and the factors governing nutrient transfer in the E. grandis–P. microcarpus interaction.
Is dynamic arterial elastance a predictor of an increase in blood pressure after fluid administration in pediatric patients with hypotension? Reanalysis of prospective observational studies
Authors: Lee Ji‐Hyun , Kwon Yea‐La , Na Jung‐Hwan , Jang Young‐Eun , Kim Eun‐Hee , Kim Hee‐Soo , Kim Jin‐Tae
Published: November 2019

Background

Dynamic arterial elastance (Eadyn) has been proposed to predict an increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) after volume expansion in hypotensive adults. We aimed to evaluate the clinical usefulness of Eadyn as a predictor of arterial pressure response after fluid loading in pediatric patients with hypotension.

Methods

We re‐analyzed data of 63 hypotensive children (age, ≤5 years), collected from three previous prospective observational studies about fluid responsiveness. Pulse pressure variation (PPV), stroke volume variation (SVV), and respiratory variation in aortic blood flow velocity (ΔVpeak) were used to calculate Eadyn (PPV/SVV) and modified Eadyn (PPV/ΔVpeak). Preload‐dependent patients were defined as those with ΔVpeak ≥12% before fluid loading. Patients were classified as pressure responders, if their MAP increased ≥15% after fluid administration.

Results

Mean Eadyn (SD) was 1.06 (0.47) in pressure responders (n=39) and 0.99 (0.48) in nonresponders (n = 24) (mean difference, 0.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.19‐0.34; P = .567). Additionally, mean modified Eadyn was 1.27 (0.64) in responders and 1.11 (0.43) in nonresponders (mean difference, 0.17; 95% CI, −0.13‐0.46; P = 0.269). Both Eadyn (AUC 0.506; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.337 to 0.675; P = 0.948) and modified Eadyn (AUC 0.498; 95% CI, 0.328‐0.669; P = 0.983), as well as other dynamic variables, could not predict pressure responsiveness in children. Sub‐group analysis revealed similar findings in both in 39 preload‐dependent and hypotensive patients (26 pressure responders and 13 nonpressure responders).

Conclusion

Both Eadyn and modified Eadyn cannot predict whether blood pressure increases with fluid administration in pediatric patients with hypotension.
Second‐Order Devolution or Local Activism? Local Air Agencies Revisited
Authors: Fowler Luke , Jones Bryant
Published: November 2019

In response to calls from previous scholarship for further bottom‐up examination of local government roles in environmental policy, the authors revisit local air agencies to examine two separate phenomena occurring in environmental federalism: one from the top down (second‐order devolution) and one from the bottom up (local activism). Using survey data from local air agencies on devolved authorities to set air quality standards and to enforce federal and/or state standards, the authors identify three different types of local agencies: state administrative subunits (only enforcement authority), fully devolved agencies (authority to both set and enforce standards), and activist agencies (neither authority). Further findings indicate that state administrative subunits and fully devolved agencies are likely functions of second‐order devolution, while activist agencies are likely functions of local activism. Conclusions suggest that both top‐down and bottom‐up approaches to environmental federalism are shaping local government roles in environmental management.
Implementing Monte Carlo tests with p‐value buckets
Authors: Gandy Axel , Hahn Georg , Ding Dong
Published: November 2019

Software packages usually report the results of statistical tests using p‐values. Users often interpret these values by comparing them with standard thresholds, for example, 0.1, 1, and 5%, which is sometimes reinforced by a star rating (***, **, and *, respectively). We consider an arbitrary statistical test whose p‐value p is not available explicitly, but can be approximated by Monte Carlo samples, for example, by bootstrap or permutation tests. The standard implementation of such tests usually draws a fixed number of samples to approximate p. However, the probability that the exact and the approximated p‐value lie on different sides of a threshold (the resampling risk) can be high, particularly for p‐values close to a threshold. We present a method to overcome this. We consider a finite set of user‐specified intervals that cover [0, 1] and that can be overlapping. We call these p‐value buckets. We present algorithms that, with arbitrarily high probability, return a p‐value bucket containing p. We prove that for both a bounded resampling risk and a finite runtime, overlapping buckets need to be employed, and that our methods both bound the resampling risk and guarantee a finite runtime for such overlapping buckets. To interpret decisions with overlapping buckets, we propose an extension of the star rating system. We demonstrate that our methods are suitable for use in standard software, including for low p‐value thresholds occurring in multiple testing settings, and that they can be computationally more efficient than standard implementations.
Donor sex and recipient outcomes
Authors: Valk Sarah J. , Caram‐Deelder Camila , Zwaginga Jaap Jan , van der Bom Johanna G. , Middelburg Rutger A.
Published: November 2019

Donor characteristics, such as donor sex and age, have been implicated in adverse outcomes following red blood cell transfusions. There is a vast body of evidence supporting a role for sex mismatch in solid organ and stem cell transplantation. Most of these findings suggest the strongest effect of sex mismatch between multiparous female donors and male recipients. In this review, we discuss the available evidence from transfusion, solid organ transplantation and stem cell transplantation medicine. We suggest several possible biological mechanisms behind the association of donor pregnancy and transfusion recipient mortality that can be further investigated in future research. Foremost, we claim donor microchimeric cell‐mediated immune modulation is the most likely explanation for the observed associations in transfusion medicine.
Chemical and environmental factors driving germination of Solanum americanum seeds
Authors: Forte César Tiago , Nunes Ubirajara Russi , Filho Alberto Cargnelutti , Galon Leandro , Chechi Leonardo , Roso Rodrigo , Menegat André Dalponte , Rossetto Emanuel De Oliveira , Franceschetti Milena Barretta
Published: November 2019

Solanum americanum Mill. is a weed that occurs with a number of crops, and it is known for its high seed production and its staggered germination. The objective of this work was to evaluate the germination behavior of S. americanum seeds under the influence of chemical and environmental factors. In the laboratory, we tested the effect on germination of (i) constant and alternating temperatures, (ii) seed washing, (iii) exposure time and concentration of chemical treatments and (iv) seeding depth and soil covered with plant residue on seedling emergence. The variables analyzed were germination percentage, germination rate index, seedling emergence and length of the seedlings. The results indicated that alternating temperatures are the main way to promote germination of S. americanum; however, chemical treatments can help to increase the germination percentage and rate index. There was no increase in germination with seed washing, with the exception of KNO3 application. A GA3 concentration of 0.84 g L−1 and an exposure time of 21.22 h in 0.2% of KNO3 promoted the highest germination of S. americanum. Germination occurs when seeds remain on the soil surface and are not covered by crop residue.
Study of acoustic and low-pressure exposure on the temperature of the evaporation of a liquid with free interface before it freezes
Authors: Trushlyakov V. I. , Novikov A. A. , Lesnyak I. Y. , Panichkin A. V.
Published: November 2019

On the basis of the first law of thermodynamics, a thermodynamic physical and mathematical model of the process of evaporation and freezing in a partially filled closed volume of a liquid under acoustic exposure (AE) and pressure reduction has been developed. The acoustic effect on the liquid is taken as a component on the heating of the liquid in the closed volume. The experimental studies performed under AE (amplitude 2.0 μm, frequency 25 kHz), initial temperature, and mass of the liquid 300.85 K, 7 g, respectively, the pressure decreases from 101 to 0.5 kPa showed a close coincidence of the actual and calculated moments of freezing start liquid surfaces, as well as close calculated and experimental values of liquid temperatures during the experiment.
Cellular survival over genomic perfection
Authors: Nik-Zainal Serena , Hall Benjamin A.
Published: November 2019

DNA repair pathways permit some damage, leading to mutagenesis but not always cancer
Nano–opto-electro-mechanical switches operated at CMOS-level voltages
Authors: Haffner Christian , Joerg Andreas , Doderer Michael , Mayor Felix , Chelladurai Daniel , Fedoryshyn Yuriy , Roman Cosmin Ioan , Mazur Mikael , Burla Maurizio , Lezec Henri J. , Aksyuk Vladimir A. , Leuthold Juerg
Published: November 2019

Switching light on-chip

The development of practical, reconfigurable photonics requires a platform that can be scaled to large circuits and driven by low-voltage complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) electronics. Such a platform requires that switching devices possess a compact footprint, low driving voltages, fast switching, low optical losses, and low power consumption. Haffner
et al.
demonstrate that the combination of opto-electro-mechanical effects with plasmonic devices can provide a platform that meets all the above criteria. The results are promising for developing on-chip integrated optical networks that can be switched by CMOS-level voltages.

Science
, this issue p.
860
Microbes and genes in heart failure
Authors: Epelman Slava
Published: November 2019

Human genetic variants and gut microbiota trigger cardiac inflammation
Cross-linking polyethylene through carbenes
Authors: de Zwart Felix J. , Bootsma Johan , de Bruin Bas
Published: November 2019

A carbene-forming molecule can glue various polymers, even ones lacking functional groups
Anaerobic Degradation of Syringic Acid by an Adapted Strain of Rhodopseudomonas palustris
Authors: Oshlag J. Zachary , Ma Yanjun , Morse Kaitlin , Burger Brian T. , Lemke Rachelle A. , Karlen Steven D. , Myers Kevin S. , Donohue Timothy J. , Noguera Daniel R.
Published: November 2019

Lignin is the most abundant aromatic polymer on Earth and a resource that could eventually substitute for fossil fuels as a source of aromatic compounds for industrial and biotechnological applications. Engineering microorganisms for the production of aromatic-based biochemicals requires detailed knowledge of the metabolic pathways for the degradation of aromatics that are present in lignin. Our isolation and analysis of a
Rhodopseudomonas palustris
strain capable of syringic acid degradation reveal a previously unknown metabolic route for aromatic degradation in
R. palustris
. This study highlights several key features of this pathway and sets the stage for a more complete understanding of the microbial metabolic repertoire required to metabolize aromatic compounds from lignin and other renewable sources.
Neonatal care bundles are associated with a reduction in the incidence of intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm infants: a multicentre cohort study
Authors: de Bijl-Marcus Karen , Brouwer Annemieke Johanna , De Vries Linda S , Groenendaal Floris , Wezel-Meijler Gerda van
Published: November 2019

Objective

To investigate the effect of a nursing intervention bundle, applied during the first 72 hours of life, on the incidence of germinal matrix-intraventricular haemorrhage (GMH-IVH) in very preterm infants.

Design

Multicentre cohort study.

Setting

Two Dutch tertiary neonatal intensive care units.

Patients

The intervention group consisted of 281 neonates, whereas 280 infants served as historical controls (gestational age for both groups <30 weeks).

Interventions

After a training period, the nursing intervention bundle was implemented and applied during the first 72 hours after birth. The bundle consisted of maintaining the head in the midline, tilting the head of the incubator and avoidance of flushing/rapid withdrawal of blood and sudden elevation of the legs.

Main outcome measures

The incidence of GMH-IVH occurring and/or increasing after the first ultrasound (but within 72 hours), cystic periventricular leukomalacia and/or in-hospital death was the primary composite outcome measure. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore differences between groups.

Results

The nursing intervention bundle was associated with a lower risk of developing a GMH-IVH (any degree), cystic periventricular leukomalacia and/or mortality (adjusted OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.65). In the group receiving the bundle, also severe GMH-IVH, cystic periventricular leukomalacia and/or death were less often observed (adjusted OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.91).

Conclusions

The application of a bundle of nursing interventions is associated with reduced risk of developing a new/progressive (severe) GMH-IVH, cystic periventricular leukomalacia and/or mortality in very preterm infants when applied during the first 72 hours postnatally.
Epstein-Barr virus-associated acute pancreatitis
Authors: Hammami Muhammad Baraa , Aboushaar Reem , Musmar Ahmad , Hammami Safa
Published: November 2019

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is mostly subclinical and resolves spontaneously without complications. Gastroenterology involvement usually manifests as asymptomatic liver enzymes elevation. We report a new case of acute pancreatitis complicating EBV infection and review the literature. EBV-associated acute pancreatitis is rare, usually develops in the setting of clinically clear EBV infection, occurs mostly in children and young adults, has mild-to-moderate severity, and has excellent prognosis with conservative management. It should be suspected when patients with an EBV infection picture develop unexplained abdominal pain.
Adverse differences in cardiometabolic risk factor levels between individuals with pre-diabetes and normal glucose metabolism are more pronounced in women than in men: the Maastricht Study
Authors: de Ritter Rianneke , Sep Simone J S , van der Kallen Carla J H , Schram Miranda T , Koster Annemarie , Kroon Abraham A , van Greevenbroek Marleen M J , Eussen Simone J P M , Dagnelie Pieter C , de Jong Marit , Vos Rimke C , Woodward Mark , Bots Michiel L , Peters Sanne A E , Stehouwer Coen D A
Published: November 2019

Objective

To investigate whether adverse differences in levels of cardiovascular risk factors in women than men, already established when comparing individuals with and without diabetes, are also present before type 2 diabetes onset.

Research design and methods

In a population-based cohort study of individuals aged 40-75 years (n=3410; 49% women, 29% type 2 diabetes (oversampled by design)), we estimated associations with cardiometabolic and lifestyle risk factors of (1) pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes (reference category: normal glucose metabolism) and (2) among non-diabetic individuals, of continuous levels of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Age-adjusted sex differences were analyzed using linear and logistic regression models with sex interaction terms.

Results

In pre-diabetes, adverse differences in cardiometabolic risk factors were greater in women than men for systolic blood pressure (difference, 3.02 mm Hg; 95% CI:−0.26 to 6.30), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (difference, −0.10 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.18 to −0.02), total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (difference, 0.22; 95% CI: −0.01 to 0.44), triglycerides (ratio: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.22), and inflammation markers Z-score (ratio: 1.18; 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.41). In type 2 diabetes, these sex differences were similar in direction, and of greater magnitude. Additionally, HbA1c among non-diabetic individuals was more strongly associated with several cardiometabolic risk factors in women than men: per one per cent point increase, systolic blood pressure (difference, 3.58 mm Hg; 95% CI: −0.03 to 7.19), diastolic blood pressure (difference, 2.10 mm Hg; 95% CI: −0.02 to 4.23), HDL cholesterol (difference, −0.09 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.19 to 0.00), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (difference, 0.26 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.47). With regard to lifestyle risk factors, no consistent pattern was observed.

Conclusion

Our results are consistent with the concept that the more adverse changes in cardiometabolic risk factors in women (than men) arise as a continuous process before the onset of type 2 diabetes.
Paramedics and serious illness: communication training
Authors: Pease Nikki Jane , Sundararaj Jenifer Jeba , O'Brian Edward , Hayes Joanne , Presswood Edward , Buxton Samantha
Published: November 2019

Objectives

The need to empower Ambulance Service staff at the point of delivery of end of life care (EoLC) is crucial. We describe the delivery, outcomes and potential impact of the Serious Illness Conversation project delivered to Welsh Ambulance Service Trust (WAST) staff. Over an 18-month period, 368 WAST staff attended face-to-face teaching, which included serious illness conversation communication skills, symptom control and ‘shared decision making’.

Method

Data collected from WAST staff were used to gain insight on perception of their role and challenges within the context of EoLC, understand the impact of teaching on self-confidence and identify impact on the wider service. A mixed methods approach was used for data analysis.

Results

WAST staff view themselves in several important roles, acting as ‘facilitators’ to patient-centred, seamless care, providing support, liaison between services and practical help in patient care at the end of life. The difficult questions and situations pertaining to EoLC were related to discussions on death and dying and managing expectation. The predominant barriers identified related to communication. Quantitative outcomes on the six communication domains indicate statistically significant improvement in self-assessed confidence. The overall impact to the wider ambulance service suggests a trend towards better use of resources.

Conclusion

The perceived roles and challenges identified by paramedics can help in customising training objectives. The initial outcomes from the ongoing project with WAST demonstrate increased confidence in handling communication issues. Initial successive surveys suggest teaching is making a real life impact on patient care at end of life.
End-of-life care for frail older people
Authors: Harwood Rowan H , Enguell Hannah
Published: November 2019

Most people die when they are old, but predicting exactly when this will occur is unavoidably uncertain. The health of older people is challenged by multimorbidity, disability and frailty. Frailty is the tendency to crises or episodes of rapid deterioration. These are often functional or non-specific in nature, such as falls or delirium, and recovery is usually expected. Health-related problems can be defined in terms of distress and disability. Distress is as often mental as physical, especially for people with delirium and dementia. Problems can be addressed using the principles of supportive and palliative care, but there is rarely a simple solution. Most problems do not have a palliative drug treatment, and the propensity to adverse effects means that drugs must be used with caution. Geriatricians use a model called comprehensive geriatric assessment, including medical, functional, mental health, social and environmental dimensions, but also use a variety of other models, such as the acute medical model, person-centred care, rehabilitation, alongside palliative care. Features such as communication, family engagement and advance planning are common to them all. These approaches are often consistent with each other, but their commonalities are not always recognised. The emphasis should be on making the right decision at a given point in time, taking account of what treatment is likely to deliver benefit, treatment burden and what is wanted. Choices are often limited by what is available and feasible. Palliative care should be integrated with all medical care for frail older people.
Geochemistry of the Eocene clastic sediments (Suonahu Formation) in the North Qiangtang Basin, Tibet: implications for paleoclimate conditions, provenance and tectonic setting
Authors: Shen Lijun , Wang Jian , Shen Hualiang , Fu Xiugen , Wan Youli , Song Chunyan , Zeng Shengqiang , Dai Jie , Wang Dong
Published: November 2019

The geochemistry of the clastic sedimentary units of the Suonahu Formation from the QD17 well in the northern Qiangtang basin, Tibet, was studied using various chemical analyses. SiO2/Al2O3 ratios indicated that compositional maturity and recycling of the sediments were low to moderate. The total rare earth element (∑REE) contents of the clastic sediments ranged from 29.28 to 191.92 ppm. Element abundances suggest that the studied clastic sediments in the northern Qiangtang Basin were mainly sourced from felsic rocks mixed with small amounts of intermediate rocks, and that they were mostly developed in a continental setting. The REE geochemistry of the clastic sediments suggests that these different lithological samples were derived from a similar terrigenous source and that the Eu anomaly was inherited from the source rocks. The paleoclimate index (C-value) varied from 0.01 to 0.36, reflecting generally arid to semiarid conditions. In addition, Rb/Sr (about 0.41) and Sr/Cu (about 37.02) ratios support the idea that arid conditions prevailed during the deposition of the Suonahu Formation. Sr/Ba ratios (0.48–3.23) suggest a paleoenvironment with variable salinity. The covariation among this factor and paleoclimate indicators suggests that variations in climatic conditions exerted a primary control on salinity. The chemical index of alteration (CIA), A–CN–K ternary diagram, and low Th/U ratios indicate that the parent rocks of the clastic sediments experienced weak chemical weathering. Two multidimensional tectonic discrimination diagrams based on major elements show that the Suonahu Formation was deposited in a rift-related basin. The TiO2 versus Zr, La/Th versus Hf, and Co/Th versus La/Sc bivariate diagrams and multi-major elements discrimination diagram indicate that the detritus was primarily derived from felsic igneous rocks with less contribution from intermediate igneous rocks.
The influence of hybrid nanoparticle (Fe3O4 + MWCNT) transportation on natural convection inside porous domain
Authors: Manh Tran Dinh , Nam Nguyen Dang , Abdulrahman Gihad Keyany , Moradi R. , Babazadeh Houman
Published: November 2019

In this study, hybrid nanofluid free convection has been simulated within a permeable domain involving Lorentz effect. To solve and simulate the problem, Control Volume-based Finite Element Method (CVFEM) method is applied. In addition, the non-Darcy model has been used to apply permeable condition in equations. The influence of hybrid nanoparticles (Fe3O4[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]MWCNT) inside water as base fluid has been studied. Meanwhile, source term of radiation impact has been described for different nanoparticle shapes. The impacts of substantial variables such as Darcy number, radiation factor, magnetic strength and Rayleigh number on nanofluid behavior were fully revealed. It can be concluded that enhancing permeability factor can improve the Nusselt number but reverse behavior can be reported for Lorentz forces.
Bethe Ansatz for XXX chain with negative spin
Authors: Hao Kun , Kharzeev Dmitri , Korepin Vladimir
Published: November 2019

[Formula: see text] spin chain with spin [Formula: see text] appears as an effective theory of Quantum Chromodynamics. It is equivalent to lattice nonlinear Schroediger’s equation: interacting chain of harmonic oscillators [bosonic]. In thermodynamic limit each energy level is a scattering state of several elementary excitations [lipatons]. Lipaton is a fermion: it can be represented as a topological excitation [soliton] of original [bosonic] degrees of freedom, described by the group [Formula: see text]. We also provide the CFT description (including local quenches) and Yang–Yang thermodynamics of the model.
Makespan–Cost–Reliability-Optimized Workflow Scheduling Using Evolutionary Techniques in Clouds
Authors: Zhou Xiumin , Zhang Gongxuan , Wang Tian , Zhang Mingyue , Wang Xiji , Zhang Wei
Published: November 2019

Most popular scientific workflow systems can now support the deployment of tasks to the cloud. The execution of workflow on cloud has become a multi-objective scheduling in order to meet the needs of users in many aspects. Cost and makespan are considered to be the two most important objects. In addition to these, there are some other Quality-of-Service (QoS) parameters including system reliability, energy consumption and so on. Here, we focus on three objectives: cost, makespan and system reliability. In this paper, we propose a Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm on the Cloud (MEAC). In the algorithm, we design some novel schemes including problem-specific encoding and also evolutionary operations, such as crossover and mutation. Simulations on real-world and random workflows are conducted and the results show that MEAC can get on average about 5% higher hypervolume value than some other workflow scheduling algorithms.
A Novel Current-Controlled Oscillator-Based Low-Supply-Voltage Microbolometer Readout Architecture
Authors: Gülden Mehmet Ali , Zencir Ertan , Çavuş Enver
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we present a novel, almost-digital approach for bolometer readout circuits to overcome the area and power dissipation bottlenecks of analog-based classical microbolometer circuits. A current-controlled oscillator (CCO)-based analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is utilized instead of a capacitive transimpedance amplifier (CTIA) in the classical readout circuits. This approach, which has not been reported before, both produces the required gain in the bolometer input circuit and directly digitizes the bolometer signal. With the proposed architecture, the need for large capacitances (of the order of 10–15[Formula: see text]pF for each column) at which the current is accumulated in the bolometer circuits and the voltage headroom limitation of classical microbolometer circuits are eliminated. Therefore, the proposed architecture permits to design readout circuits with reduced pixel pitch and lower power supply, both of which in turn lead to higher-resolution Focal Plane Arrays (FPAs) with lower power dissipation. The new architecture is modeled and simulated using a 180-nm CMOS process for sensitivity, noise performance, and power dissipation. Unlike the 3.3-V power supply usage of classical readout circuits, the proposed design utilizes 1.2-V analog and 0.9-V digital supply voltages with a power dissipation of almost half of the classical approach.
Incremental Subclass Support Vector Machine
Authors: Besrour Amine , Ksantini Riadh
Published: November 2019

Support Vector Machine (SVM) is a very competitive linear classifier based on convex optimization problem, were support vectors fully describe decision boundary. Hence, SVM is sensitive to data spread and does not take into account the existence of class subclasses, nor minimizes data dispersion for classification performance improvement. Thus, Kernel subclass SVM (KSSVM) was proposed to handle multimodal data and to minimize data dispersion. Nevertheless, KSSVM has difficulties in classifying sequentially obtained data and handling large scale datasets, since it is based on batch learning. For this reason, we propose a novel incremental KSSVM (iKSSVM) which handles dynamic and large data in a proper manner. The iKSSVM is still based on convex optimization problem and minimizes data dispersion within and between data subclasses incrementally, in order to improve discriminative power and classification performance. An extensive comparative evaluation of the iKSSVM to batch KSSVM, as well as, other contemporary incremental classifiers, on real world datasets, has shown clearly its superiority in terms of classification accuracy.
Detecting and visualizing 3-dimensional surgery
Authors: Antoniou Stathis , Kauffman Louis H. , Lambropoulou Sofia
Published: November 2019

Topological surgery in dimension [Formula: see text] is intrinsically connected with the classification of [Formula: see text]-manifolds and with patterns of natural phenomena. In this, mostly expository, paper, we present two different approaches for understanding and visualizing the process of [Formula: see text]-dimensional surgery. In the first approach, we view the process in terms of its effect on the fundamental group. Namely, we present how [Formula: see text]-dimensional surgery alters the fundamental group of the initial manifold and present ways to calculate the fundamental group of the resulting manifold. We also point out how the fundamental group can detect the topological complexity of non-trivial embeddings that produce knotting. The second approach can only be applied for standard embeddings. For such cases, we give new visualizations of [Formula: see text]-dimensional surgery as rotations of the decompactified [Formula: see text]-sphere. Each rotation produces a different decomposition of the [Formula: see text]-sphere which corresponds to a different visualization of the [Formula: see text]-dimensional process of [Formula: see text]-dimensional surgery.
Stable Alexander polynomials of arborescent links
Authors: Hirasawa Mikami , Murasugi Kunio
Published: November 2019

We study the zeros of Alexander polynomials of three classes of arborescent links. In the first class, the zeros are real (and negative) or modulus one. In the second class, the zeros are real (and positive). In the third class, the zeros are real or modulus one. For this purpose, we modify their Alexander polynomials into other real polynomials, with only real zeros, and use the property that two such polynomials have interlacing real zeros.
Multivariate Alexander quandles, III. Sublinks
Authors: Traldi Lorenzo
Published: November 2019

If [Formula: see text] is a classical link then the multivariate Alexander quandle, [Formula: see text], is a substructure of the multivariate Alexander module, [Formula: see text]. In the first paper of this series, we showed that if two links [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] have [Formula: see text], then after an appropriate re-indexing of the components of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], there will be a module isomorphism [Formula: see text] of a particular type, which we call a “Crowell equivalence.” In this paper, we show that [Formula: see text] (up to quandle isomorphism) is a strictly stronger link invariant than [Formula: see text] (up to re-indexing and Crowell equivalence). This result follows from the fact that [Formula: see text] determines the [Formula: see text] quandles of all the sublinks of [Formula: see text], up to quandle isomorphisms.
Mining subsequent trend patterns from financial time series
Authors: Wan Yuqing , Lau Raymond Yiu Keung , Si Yain-Whar
Published: November 2019

Chart patterns are one of the important tools used by the financial analysts for predicting future price trends (subsequent trends) in stock markets. Although many works related to the descriptions of chart patterns and several effective methods to identify chart patterns from the financial time series have been proposed in recent years, there is no in-depth study about the general characteristics of the subsequent trends. In this paper, we proposed a general framework for mining subsequent trend for chart patterns. We extensively analyze the characteristics of subsequent trends of chart patterns found with the proposed framework. Based on the analysis, we propose a concept called subsequent trend pattern by mining frequently occurring shapes from these trends. The process of subsequent trend pattern mining was evaluated on a dataset containing 502 time series from S&P 500 and a test dataset containing 494 stocks from Yahoo finance. The proposed concept of subsequent trend pattern provides a solid foundation for the understanding of chart patterns in predicting future price movement and extends the formal definition of chart patterns.