bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Keuntungan Dan Analisis Keuntungan Dan Strategi Pengembangan Usaha Ayam Buras Unggul Varietas Jowo Super (JOPER) Di Kabupaten Jember
Authors: Widayanto Eko Andris , Hadi Syamsul , Prawitasari Saptya
Published: September 2019

This study aims to determine the profitability of domestic chicken business in Jember Regency, to find out the factors that influence the profitability of chicken farming in Jember Regency, determine the development strategy domestic chicken in Jember Regency. This researche used survey method. The research was conducted in 3 (three) Subdistricts namely Bangsalsari, Umbulsari, and Gumukmas Subdistricts, in Jember Regency. The data used in this researche include primary data and secondary data. The data is done qualitatively and quantitatively. The analysis used is profit analysis, multiple regression analysis and SWOT analysis. This researche concludes that (1) Wild Chicken Jowo Super (Joper) Business in Jember Regency is profitable with an average revenue gain of Rp. 9,749,038 per production process, and the total production costs are Rp. 9,082,346 per production process. The average business profit rate of Buras Joper Chicken in Kabupaten Jember is IDR 666,693 / production process / 404 heads. (2) Business Benefits of Burst Joper Chicken are influenced by 5 independent variables namely price (X1), production (X2), cost of production facilities (X3), labor costs (X4), and other costs (X5) with a positive relationship and significant at the real level of five percent. This is indicated by the results of the calculated F test greater than F table at the real level of 99%. Simultaneously the factors have a significant effect on profits including price, production, production facilities, labor costs and other costs. But partially significant factors include the price of output and production, while the ones that are not significant include the costs of means of production, labor costs, and other costs. (3) Based on the results of the SWOT Analysis, the Buras Chicken Business in Jember Regency is in position / quadrant I (Growth / Aggressive / progressive). This position signifies a strong and potential business, meaning that the business is carried out in prime condition. So that it is truly possible to continue to expand, increase growth and achieve maximum progress.
Application of 180W XPS GreenLight laser vaporization of the prostate for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Tao Wei , Sun Chuanyang , Yang Dongrong , Zang Yachen , Zhu Jin , Zhang Yuanyuan , Wang Gang , Xue Boxin
Published: September 2019

Purpose:

To evaluate safety, efficacy and clinical outcomes after photovaporization of the prostate with the 180W-XPS Greenlight laser in patients with low urinary tracts symptom secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Materials and Methods:

All 102 patients with lower urinary tract symptoms who underwent 180W XPS laser vaporization of the prostate from April 2017 to April 2018 were enrolled. The preoperative parameters, postoperative functional, uroflowmetry outcomes and complications were collected.

Results:

All patients were successfully treated with 180W XPS laser vaporization. Mean preoperative prostate volume was 81±28.7 ml and mean laser time was 28.2±12.5 minutes. No major complications intraoperatively or postoperatively were observed and no blood transfusions were required. Comparing to preoperative characteristics, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), maximum flow rate (Qmax) and post-void residual (PVR) parameters were improved significantly and sustained during the follow-up period. At 3, 6 and 12-month follow-ups, mean urinary peak flow increased from 6.2±2.1 ml per second to 19.8±4.6, 19.4±4.7 and 19.6±4.9 ml per second, respectively. Mean International Prostate Symptom Scores decreased over time, from 28.9±4.5 to 8.2±1.6, 6.2±1.22 and 5.88±1.15 at 3, 6, 12 months, respectively.

Conclusions:

180W XPS Greenlight laser vaporization is a safe and effective treatment option for patients with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to BPH.
解析自来水厂深度处理工艺
Authors: 马 艳萍
Published: September 2019

如今,我国淡水资源供应日益匮乏。与此同时,重工业的迅猛发展,加剧了水生态环境污染,对生态系统平衡造成不可逆损耗。为平衡水资源供需关系,满足可持续发展基本要求,探究饮用水净化处理技术势在必行。基于此,本文围绕自来水厂深度处理工艺展开探究。
生态水利工程设计问题浅析
Authors: 刘 海玲
Published: September 2019

水利工程事业是国民经济体系的支柱型产业。在新时期发展背景下,生态水利以可持续发展理念为核心,兼顾水利工程建设与水生态修复。本文主要论述了生态水利工程的基本概念与设计原则,简要分析了生态水利设计环节存在的各类问题,并提出了切实可行的改进策略,旨在推动水利工程事业的良好发展。
国家治理现代化视野下水污染治理机制的改革与创新
Authors: 吕 俊杰
Published: September 2019

国家治理现代化为我国的水污染治理创新机制建设提供了新思路。文章首先诠释了国家治理现代化的内涵和特征,分析了国家治理现代化视野下我国水污染治理机制存在的问题,探讨了基于国家治理现代化理念的水污染治理机制创
农田水利施工对环境的影响及防治措施
Authors: 赵 会斌
Published: September 2019

我国的国土面积巨大,居于世界第三位,农业生产在国民经济发展中发挥着重要的位置。而当前我国社会经济发展速度较快,为了更充分的发挥出农业生产在促进社会发展方面的作用,提出农田水利建设的发展措施。结合农田水利建设对农业发展的影响,探讨了农田水利施工对其周围环境的影响,以及降低因农田水利施工对环境的破坏的措施,以期实现社会经济与环境的协调发展,进一步提高国民生活水平。
电子信息技术在水利工程管理中的创新应用
Authors: 卞 清
Published: September 2019

随着经济建设的发展,国家对于基础设施的建设越来越重视,并对其进行了大量的投入,而水利工程作为国家基础设施的重要组成部分,在近些年当中更是得到了有效的建设,基本已经实现了大范围的普及,这对国家经济发展产生了很大的促进作用,但想要将水利工程的综合效益充分的发挥出来,还需要相关部门在水利工程管理的过程中,对电子信息技术进行有效的应用,以此来提升水利工程管理的效率和质量,这对于水利工程的可持续发展具有至关重要的作用,因此,本文针对电子信息技术在水利工程管理中的创新应用进行讨论,对各种电子信息技术加以了解,并对强化电子信息技术应用的措施进行探讨和描述。
双江口水电站大规模地下洞室群开挖关键技术研究
Authors: 常 家强
Published: September 2019

水电站地下厂房实施过程中经常会遇到规模宏大的地下洞室群,而这些地下洞室群多存在纵横交错、立体交叉、平竖衔接、结构断面大、岩爆突出、工期紧、质量要求高等情况,本文通过地处高寒、高地应力、高海拔地区的双江口水电站大规模地下洞室群作为依托,从工程实际执行过程中遇到的实际问题为出发点,总结概括地下洞室群实施过程中常见的关键问题,并给出处理方案,供后续大规模地下洞室群实施作为参考。
Pulaʼs tram driversʼ strikes as a result of their poor financial status in the context of political and economic crises in the city
Authors: Zekić Jasenko
Published: September 2019

Tram traffic in Pula, commencing its three decades of traffic in 1904, was perceived as a segment of modernization of Pula, which was then undergoing its demographic, urban and infrastructural expansion. On the other hand, political and economic crises in the city influenced the functioning of tram traffic, meaning its employees as its social component. Pula’s tram drivers became dissatisfied already in the first year of the tram’s operation, culminating with the strikes between 1910 and 1912, and they continued even after the outbreak of World War I. The causes of their dissatisfaction, can be found in low wages, unsuitable working conditions, poor job security and neglect from local authorities. Frequently, their protests were used as tools in political struggles, with social problems painted as national issues, leading thereby to the rise in inter-ethnic antagonisms. Financial insecurity often led to conflicts between tram drivers, as well as to the collapse of their families. Strikes and uprisings also had an impact on political and economic circumstances, and on the everyday life of all residents. They had to endure irregularities in traffic, unprofessional behaviour of the tram’s staff the majority of whom were newly hired, poorly trained and inexperienced, which resulted in frequent traffic accidents.
Study of Rare Earth Elements (REE) in Ex Tin Mining and Kaoline Mining in Merawang District, Bangka Regency)
Authors: Andini Delita Ega , Guskarnali Guskarnali , Rosita Alfitri
Published: September 2019

Indonesia have natural resources in producing rare earth elements (REE). The abundance ofmineral resources in Bangka Island is related to the strategic geological position of BangkaIsland formed on the Southeast Asian Tin Belt (Cobbing, 2005). Geologically, the REEdeposits are associated with acid rocks (granitic) and phosphatic deposits. This studyfocuses on primary samples taken directly from ex tin mining area and ex kaolin mining inMerawang District, Bangka. The analysis of the sample uses X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) tofind out the REE content are Ce, La, Nd, Sb, Sc, Sm, Te, Th, Y, and U. The analysis resultsshow that the spread of elemental content in the sample tends to have a relatively similarpresence. But in Sample 1 shows the Ce element is the dominant element that is equal to25.19 ppm, equivalent to 0.002% of its availability in sedimentary sand in the ex tin mining.while on the ex kaoline mining area the results of the analysis showed that there wasThorium (Th) content in Sample 3 of 70.05 ppm or 0.007% and was the highest contentcompared to other elements in all samples.
Probabilistic Of Slope Failure Grasberg Open Pit Mining PT Freeport Indonesia
Authors: Iswandaru Iswandaru , R. Rully Nurhasan , Rai Made Astawa , Wattimena Ridho K.
Published: September 2019

The stability of a slope in mining activities is highly influenced by geology, especially thenature of rocks and geological structures. Slope stability analysis will be faced with severalproblems in the uncertainty of rock properties and rock mass. Slope stability analysis usingprobabilistic methods offers a more systematic way of treating conditions of uncertainty andprovides other alternatives to the value factor approach to security regarding information onthe probability of a slope failure.Grasberg Open Mine rock type classification based ongeotechnical parameters or Geotechnical Rock Code (GTRCK) classifies rocks based onrock type, rock mechanical properties, hydrothermal alteration type, clay content and RockQuality Designation (RQD) to 46 types of GTRCK. The GTRCK type which has a low rockmass strength value is a change in intrusive rock minerals and a low RQD value such as alot of clay material is exposed in the Northeast and Southwest of the Grasberg Open PitMine.The overall slope probabilistic modeling of the Grasberg mine uses a cross section of220o (northwest) with the effect of a 0.02g seismic factor which is the maximum criterionaccording to the probability of slope failure received with the average FK 1.13 and PK 0%.
Robust Topology Optimization Under Load and Geometry Uncertainties by Using New Sparse Grid Collocation Method
Authors: Latifi Rostami Seyyed Ali , Ghoddosian Ali
Published: September 2019

In this paper, a robust topology optimization method presents that insensitive to the uncertainty in geometry and applied load. Geometric uncertainty can be introduced in the manufacturing variability. Applied load uncertainty is occurring in magnitude and angle of force. These uncertainties can be modeled as a random field. A memory-less transformation of random fields used to random variation modeling. The Adaptive Sparse Grid Collocation (ASGC) method combined with the uncertainty models provides robust designs by utilizing already developed deterministic solvers. The proposed algorithm provides a computationally cheap alternative to previously introduced stochastic optimization methods based on Monte Carlo sampling by using the adaptive sparse grid method. Numerical examples, such as a 2D simply supported beam and cantilever beam as benchmark problems, are used to show the effectiveness and superiority of the ASGC method.
Ressenyes bibliogràfiques
Authors: Autors Diversos
Published: September 2019

Ressenyes bibliogràfiques
电力系统变电站自动化调试策略的研究与应用
Authors: 陶 泽宁
Published: September 2019

在新时代的背景下，传统的变电站运行模式已经不能适应人们的需求了。同时，随着科学技术的不断更新，变电站也逐渐向新一代自动化的方向发展。合理的变电站自动化调试工作能够为电力系统安全运行提供更多保障，因此对电力系统变电站自动化调试策略及应用进行分别说明，希望电力企业可以借鉴文中内容进行实际工作，从而提高调试工作的效果，保证变电站及电力系统正常运行。
试析水土保持治理中的常见问题及防治措施
Authors: 李 琳琳
Published: September 2019

随着经济的快速发展，人们的生活水平日益提高，水土保持治理工作也逐渐引起大众的重视。在此之上，文章简要分析了水土流失的特点及我国水土保持治理中的常见问题，并通过加强生态环境保护、加大水土保持治理监督力度、注重工程保护工作等防治措施，进一步提高我国水土保持治理水平，从而实现对生态环境的有效保护。
220t/h电站锅炉贫瘦煤掺烧烟煤试验研究
Authors: 聂 广华
Published: September 2019

贫廋煤掺烧烟煤是电厂提高锅炉热效率，降低煤炭成本的一种方式，但由于烟煤挥发分高，极易引起煤堆自燃和燃烧器损坏，需要全面了混煤的特性，2017年热电部通过试验，从锅炉效率、煤价、制粉电耗、风机电耗、液氨消耗、污染物排放浓度等方面考察了锅炉在现有煤种中掺烧烟煤的安全经济性和环境影响，对中储式煤粉炉混煤掺烧有一定的参考作用。
高压配电网产生线路损耗的主要原因及降损措施
Authors: 肖 波
Published: September 2019

在电网结构中，配电网是一项重要组成，为人们的工作、生活提供电力支持。但是，在高压配电网运行中，常出现线路损耗问题，影响企业的经济效益和社会发展。因此，集中管控和处理线路损耗问题尤为重要。文中首先分析了高压配电网线路损耗的内涵，然后分析了高压配电网产生线路损耗的原因，最后探讨了相关的降损措施。
电力工程配电电缆施工技术要点分析
Authors: 李 文利
Published: September 2019

电力工程的配电电缆施工质量直接关系着配电安全性及供电质量，必须掌握配电电缆施工技术要点。文章首先对电力工程配电电缆施工质量要求进行分析，介绍配电电缆施工设计方案。在此基础上，对电力工程的配电电缆施工技术要点进行探讨，以期为相关工程建设活动提供参考。
Challenges of Publishing in High Impact Medical Journals from Lower- And Middle- Income Countries
Authors: Haque Mainul , Kamal Zubair
Published: September 2019

Abstract not available

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(4) 2019 p.671-674
Trabalho como princípio educativo e a superação da dualidade educacional brasileira
Authors: Pereira Maria Elly Krishna dos Santos , Silva Solonildo Almeida da , Jucá Sandro César Silveira
Published: September 2019

O presente trabalho trata-se de um estudo preliminar sobre a educação e suas transformações ao longo da história. Pretende-se abordar a cisão sofrida pela mesma com o advento da propriedade privada, analisando suas mudanças e destacando seu desdobramento no projeto educacional brasileiro atual. Objetivamos, neste artigo, compreender a dicotomia expressa nos projetos distintos de educação presentes atualmente no Brasil. Pretendemos também, refletir acerca de uma perspectiva de superação deste modelo dual através de uma práxis educativa que tome o trabalho como princípio educativo. Parte-se da compreensão do Trabalho como categoria fundante do ser social sendo necessário que assuma o papel norteador das ações educativas. O trabalho como princípio educativo relaciona-se com a gênese da educação e sua retomada aponta como um horizonte possível de superação da atual dualidade expressa em uma educação para classe trabalhadora e outra para a classe dominante. Este texto trata-se de uma investigação sobre os fatores responsáveis pela atual dualidade do projeto educacional brasileiro materializado em duas propostas distintas de educação, uma para a classe trabalhadora e outra para as elites. Neste sentido a retomada do debate acerca do trabalho como princípio educativo se destaca na perspectiva de superação da educação fragmentada e alienante e construção de um projeto educacional de viés emancipatório. O excurso embasa-se no pensamento de teóricos do campo marxiano que refletem sobre uma educação para emancipação humana.
Designing speaking activities for a teacher-preparation course: An ESP approach
Authors: Salas Serrano Leticia Aracelli
Published: September 2019

Turning a top-down teacher-preparation course into a more meaningful course for teachers involves the identification of the needs of learners. This chapter shows the way a general English course for teachers became an ESP (English for Specific Purposes) course that aimed at meeting the expectations and personal goals of the participants. Teacher-preparation has become an important issue in Mexico as a teacher evaluation process is being carried out along the country as part of recent educational reforms. The results of the needs analysis instrument identified speaking as the most difficult skill for the teachers to master. Based on the participants´ answers, a complement to the original content of the course was created so that participants could reach their own goals in addition to the institutional goals of the preparation. ESP may be an alternative to help learners perform their professional activities in the target language more effectively.
Polymeric Nanogels as Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: KOUSALOVÁ J. , ETRYCH T.
Published: September 2019

The present review focuses on the description of the design, synthesis and physico-chemical and biological evaluation of polymer nanogels. Nanogels are robust swollen cross-linked polymer nanoparticles that can be used as highly efficient and biodegradable carriers for the transport of drugs in controlled drug delivery. In this article, various types of nanogels are described and methods for their preparation discussed. The possibility of using synthesized nanosystems for targeting are reviewed to show the potential of tailored structures to reach either solid tumor tissue or direct tumor cells. Finally, the methods for encapsulation or attachment of biologically active molecules, e.g. drugs, proteins, are described and compared.
Alginate Matrices for Protein Delivery – a Short Review
Authors: WAWRZYŃSKA E. , KUBIES D.
Published: September 2019

Growth factors are powerful molecules that regulate cellular growth, proliferation, healing, and cellular differentiation. A delivery matrix that incorporates growth factors with high loading efficiencies, controls their release, and maintains bioactivity would be a powerful tool for regenerative medicine. Alginate has several unique properties that make it an excellent platform for the delivery of proteins. Mild gelling conditions can minimize the risk of protein denaturation; moreover, alginate can serve as protection from degradation until protein release. Various modifications have been proposed to tune alginate binding and release proteins, simultaneously adjusting alginate degradability, mechanical stiffness, swelling, gelation properties and cell affinity. The primary objective of this article is to review the literature related to recent advances in the application of alginate matrices in protein delivery in regenerative medicine. A special emphasis is put on the relevance of delivery of growth factors and chemokine.
A Clinical Review of Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Boyle Noel
Published: September 2019

Heart failure is an increasingly prevalent condition, which is associated with ventricular arrhythmias. The reduction in cardiac pumping efficiency leads to the activation of several compensatory mechanisms. These mechanisms eventually lead to cardiac remodelling and a decline in haemodynamic status, contributing to the formation of a substrate conducive to arrhythmias, including increased automaticity, triggered activity, and, most commonly, re-entry circuits. In turn, ventricular arrhythmias can lead to the worsening of heart failure. A diagnosis of heart failure and ventricular arrhythmias is obtained using the patient’s history, examination findings, and investigation results. A key tool in this is echocardiogram imaging, which visualises the cardiac chambers, determines ventricular ejection fraction, and identifies structural abnormalities. A reduction in ejection fraction is a significant risk factor for the development of ventricular arrhythmias. Arrhythmias are diagnosed by ECG, Holter monitoring, and telemetry or event monitoring, and should initially be treated by optimising the medical management of heart failure. Anti-arrhythmic drugs, including beta-blockers, are usually the first-line therapy. Sudden cardiac death is a significant cause of mortality in heart failure patients, and implantable cardioverter defibrillator devices are used in both primary and secondary prevention. Anti-arrhythmic drugs and catheter ablation are important adjunctives for minimising shock therapy. In addition, autonomic modulation may offer a novel method of controlling ventricular arrhythmias. The objective of this review is to provide a practical overview of this rapidly developing field in relation to current evidence regarding the underlying pathophysiology, burden of disease, and management strategies available.
In Search of Meaning: Why We Still Don't Know What Digital Data Represent
Authors: Tromble Rebekah
Published: September 2019

In the early years, researchers greeted the internet and digital data with almost wide-eyed wonder and excitement. The opportunities provided by digital media such as websites, bulletin boards, and blogs—and later by social media platforms and mobile apps—seemed nearly endless, and researchers were suddenly awash in data. The bounty was so great that it required new methods for processing, organizing, and analysis. Yet in all the excitement, it seems that the digital research community largely lost sight of something fundamental: a sense of what all these data actually represent. In this essay, I argue that moving forward, researchers need to take a critical look into, be more open about, and develop better approaches for drawing inferences and larger meaning from digital data. I suggest that we need to more closely interrogate what these data represent in at least two senses: statistical and contextual. In the former instance I call for much greater modesty in digital social research. In the latter, I call for heuristic models that permit bolder, more robust comparisons throughout our work.
A Compendium of Parameterized Problems at Higher Levels of the Polynomial Hierarchy
Authors: de Haan Ronald , Szeider Stefan
Published: September 2019

We present a list of parameterized problems together with a complexity classification of whether they allow a fixed-parameter tractable reduction to SAT or not. These problems are parameterized versions of problems whose complexity lies at the second level of the Polynomial Hierarchy or higher.
Examining How Dog ‘Acquisition’ Affects Physical Activity and Psychosocial Well-Being: Findings from the BuddyStudy Pilot Trial
Authors: Potter Katie , Teng Jessica E. , Masteller Brittany , Rajala Caitlin , Balzer Laura B.
Published: September 2019

Dog owners are more physically active than non-dog owners, but evidence of a causal relationship between dog acquisition and increased physical activity is lacking. Such evidence could inform programs and policies that encourage responsible dog ownership. Randomized controlled trials are the ‘gold standard’ for determining causation, but they are prohibited in this area due to ethical concerns. In the BuddyStudy, we tested the feasibility of using dog fostering as a proxy for dog acquisition, which would allow ethical random assignment. In this single-arm trial, 11 participants fostered a rescue dog for six weeks. Physical activity and psychosocial data were collected at baseline, 6, and 12 weeks. At 6 weeks, mean change in steps/day was 1192.1 ± 2457.8. Mean changes on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and the Perceived Stress Scale were −4.9 ± 8.7 and −0.8 ± 5.5, respectively. More than half of participants (55%) reported meeting someone new in their neighborhood because of their foster dog. Eight participants (73%) adopted their foster dog after the 6-week foster period; some maintained improvements in physical activity and well-being at 12 weeks. Given the demonstrated feasibility and preliminary findings of the BuddyStudy, a randomized trial of immediate versus delayed dog fostering is warranted.
Marketing Innovations in Industry 4.0 and Their Impacts on Current Enterprises
Authors: Ungerman Otakar , Dědková Jaroslava
Published: September 2019

This paper discussed the marketing innovations associated with Industry 4.0 and the effects that these innovative approaches cause. The main aim of the research was to discover the relationship between marketing innovations and their effects. Knowledge of this relationship can be used for the strategic planning of industrial companies in practice. The research methodology consisted of pilot research followed by primary research in industrial enterprises. The data were evaluated by descriptive statistics, statistical hypothesis, and correlation analysis. Through the research, the authors identified the importance of 17 innovative marketing tools and the strength of the use of 11 effects resulting from the implementation of these tools. The authors identified the relationships between tools and their implications in Industry 4.0 where a correlation was demonstrated. A list of 11 strategic objectives was created and, subsequently, a specific marketing mix proposal for each objective consisting of innovative marketing tools was as well. The results of this work enable enterprises involved in Industry 4.0 to better plan.
Failure-Robot Path Complementation for Robot Swarm Mission Planning
Authors: Lee Meng-Tse , Chen Bo-Yu , Lu Wen-Chi
Published: September 2019

Currently, unmanned vehicles are widely used in different fields of exploration. Due to limited capacities, such as limited power supply, it is almost impossible for one unmanned vehicle to visit multiple wide areas. Multiple unmanned vehicles with well-planned routes are required to minimize an unnecessary consumption of time, distance, and energy waste. The aim of the present study was to develop a multiple-vehicle system that can automatically compile a set of optimum vehicle paths, complement failed assignments, and avoid passing through no-travel zones. A heuristic algorithm was used to obtain an approximate solution within a reasonable timeline. The A* Search algorithm was adopted to determine an alternative path that does not cross the no-travel zone when the distance array was set, and an improved two-phased Tabu search was applied to converge any initial solutions into a feasible solution. A diversification strategy helped identify a global optimal solution rather than a regional one. The final experiments successfully demonstrated a group of three robot cars that were simultaneously dispatched to each of their planned routes; when any car failed during the test, its path was immediately reprogrammed by the monitoring station and passed to the other cars to continue the task until each target point had been visited.
Channeling of Protons through Radial Deformed Double Wall Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Borka Duško , Borka Jovanović Vesna
Published: September 2019

In this study we presented a theoretical investigation of the channeling of high energy protons with the radial deformed (10, 0)@(5, 0) double-wall carbon nanotubes (DWNTs). Proton energy is varied from 0.1 to 10 GeV. The channeling potential within the deformed DWNTs is presented. A Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is used to obtain spatial and angular distributions of channeled protons with radially deformed DWNTs. We treated problem relativistically. This is the first time that we presented spatial and angular distributions of channeled protons with radially deformed DWNTs. Our results show that the spatial and angular distributions depend strongly of nanotube lengths, proton energy, and especially of level of radial deformation of nanotube. Multi-wall nanotubes (MWNTs) can be technically realised with better channeling performance then single-wall nanotubes (SWNTs) and that is why we believe that these results may be useful for production and guiding of nanosized ion beams.
Evaluation of an Oxygen Transport Coefficient in the Aditya Tokamak Using the Radial Profile of O4+ Emissivity and the Importance of Atomic Data Used Therein
Authors: Chowdhuri Malay Bikas , Ghosh Joydeep , Dey Ritu , Patel Sharvil , Yadava Nandini , Manchanda Ranjana , Bhattacharya Amrita , Murakami Izumi ,   Aditya Team
Published: September 2019

Oxygen impurity transport in the typical discharges of the Aditya tokamak was investigated using emissivity radial profile of emissivity of the spectral line (2p3p 3D3–2p3d 3F4) at 650.024 nm from the Be-like oxygen ion. This O4+ spectral line was recorded using a 1.0 m multi-track spectrometer capable of simultaneous measurements from eight lines of sight passing through the plasma. The oxygen transport coefficients were determined by reproducing the experimentally measured emissivity profiles of O4+, using a one-dimensional impurity transport code, STRAHL, and photon emissivity coefficient (PEC) belonging to that transition. The PEC values were obtained from both ADAS and NIFS atomic databases. Using both the databases, much higher values of diffusion coefficients compared to the neo-classical values were observed in both high and low magnetic field edge regions of typical Aditya tokamak Ohmic plasma. Although, almost similar profiles of diffusion coefficients were obtained using PEC values from both databases, the magnitude differs considerably. The maximum values of diffusion coefficients in the plasma edge at low field side of tokamak were ~45 and ~25 m2·s−1 when modeling was done using the ADAS and NIFS databases, respectively. Further analysis on the atomic data used in the calculation indicates that the difference in diffusion coefficients is mainly related to the variation in the values of atomic data of the two databases.
Parameterization and Validation of an Electrochemical Thermal Model of a Lithium-Ion Battery
Authors: Liebig Gerd , Gupta Gaurav , Kirstein Ulf , Schuldt Frank , Agert Carsten
Published: September 2019

The key challenge in developing a physico-chemical model is the model parameterization. The paper presents a strategic model parameterization procedure, parameter values, and a developed model that allows simulating electrochemical and thermal behavior of a commercial lithium-ion battery with high accuracy. Steps taken are the analysis of geometry details by opening a battery cell under argon atmosphere, building upon reference data of similar material compositions, incorporating cell balancing by a quasi-open-circuit-voltage experiment, and adapting the battery models reaction kinetics behavior by comparing experiment and simulation of an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and hybrid pulse power characterization. The electrochemical-thermal coupled model is established based on COMSOL Multiphysics® platform (Stockholm, Sweden) and validated via experimental methods. The parameterized model was adopted to analyze the heat dissipation sources based on the internal states of the battery at different operation modes. Simulation in the field of thermal management for lithium-ion batteries highly depends on state of charge-related thermal issues of the incorporated cell composition. The electrode balancing is an essential step to be performed in order to address the internal battery states realistically. The individual contribution of the cell components heat dissipation has significant influence on the temperature distribution pattern based on the kinetic and thermodynamic properties.
Comparison of Dry Versus Wet Milling to Improve Bioethanol or Methane Recovery from Solid Anaerobic Digestate
Authors: Monlau Florian , Sambusiti Cecilia , Barakat Abdellatif
Published: September 2019

Biogas plants for waste treatment valorization are presently experiencing rapid development, especially in the agricultural sector, where large amounts of digestate are being generated. In this study, we investigated the effect of vibro-ball milling (VBM) for 5 and 30 min at a frequency of 20 s−1 on the physicochemical composition and enzymatic hydrolysis (30 U g−1 total solids (TS) of cellulase and endo-1,4-xylanase from Trichoderma longibrachiatum) of dry and wet solid separated digestates from an agricultural biogas plant. We found that VBM of dry solid digestate improved the physical parameters as both the particle size and the crystallinity index (from 27% to 75%) were reduced. By contrast, VBM of wet solid digestate had a minimal effect on the physicochemical parameters. The best results in terms of cellulose and hemicelluloses hydrolysis were noted for 30 min of VBM of dry solid digestate, with hydrolysis yields of 64% and 85% for hemicelluloses and cellulose, respectively. At the condition of 30 min of VBM, bioethanol and methane production on the dry solid separated digestate was investigated. Bioethanol fermentation by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation resulted in an ethanol yield of 98 geth kg−1 TS (corresponding to 90% of the theoretical value) versus 19 geth kg−1 TS for raw solid digestate. Finally, in terms of methane potential, VBM for 30 min lead to an increase of the methane potential of 31% compared to untreated solid digestate.
The Diagnostic Significance of PDGF, EphA7, CCR5, and CCL5 Levels in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Üçüncü Muhammed , Serilmez Murat , Sarı Murat , Bademler Süleyman , Karabulut Senem
Published: September 2019

In this study, we compared the levels of C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5), C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and EphrinA7 (EphA7) in patients with colorectal carcinoma and healthy controls in order to investigate the significance and usability of these potential biomarkers in early diagnosis of colorectal cancer. The study included 70 colorectal carcinoma patients and 40 healthy individuals. The CCR5, CCL5, PDGF, and EphA7 levels were measured using ELISA in blood samples. PDGF-BB, EphA7, CCR5, and CCL5 levels of the patients with colorectal carcinoma were significantly higher compared to the control group (p < 0.001 for each comparison). Our logistic regression analysis (the area under the curve was 0.958) supports the notion that PDGF-BB, EphA7, and CCL5 are potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of colon cancer. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were found to be 87.9%, 87.5%, 92.1%, and 81.4%, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first study that investigates the relationship between colorectal carcinoma and the four biomarkers CCL5, CCR5, PDGF, and EphA7. The significantly elevated levels of all these parameters in the patient group compared to the healthy controls indicate that they can be used for the early diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma.
Molecular Basis of Cisplatin Resistance in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors
Authors: Bakardjieva-Mihaylova Violeta , Skvarova Kramarzova Karolina , Slamova Martina , Svaton Michael , Rejlova Katerina , Zaliova Marketa , Dobiasova Alena , Fiser Karel , Stuchly Jan , Grega Marek , Rosova Blanka , Zachoval Roman , Klezl Petr , Eis Vaclav , Kindlova Eva , Buchler Tomas , Trka Jan , Boublikova Ludmila
Published: September 2019

The emergence of cisplatin (CDDP) resistance is the main cause of treatment failure and death in patients with testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT), but its biologic background is poorly understood. To study the molecular basis of CDDP resistance in TGCT we prepared and sequenced CDDP-exposed TGCT cell lines as well as 31 primary patients’ samples. Long-term exposure to CDDP increased the CDDP resistance 10 times in the NCCIT cell line, while no major resistance was achieved in Tera-2. Development of CDDP resistance was accompanied by changes in the cell cycle (increase in G1 and decrease in S-fraction), increased number of acquired mutations, of which 3 were present within ATRX gene, as well as changes in gene expression pattern. Copy number variation analysis showed, apart from obligatory gain of 12p, several other large-scale gains (chr 1, 17, 20, 21) and losses (chr X), with additional more CNVs found in CDDP-resistant cells (e.g., further losses on chr 1, 4, 18, and gain on chr 8). In the patients’ samples, those who developed CDDP resistance and died of TGCT (2/31) showed high numbers of acquired aberrations, both SNPs and CNVs, and harbored mutations in genes potentially relevant to TGCT development (e.g., TRERF1, TFAP2C in one patient, MAP2K1 and NSD1 in another one). Among all primary tumor samples, the most commonly mutated gene was NSD1, affected in 9/31 patients. This gene encoding histone methyl transferase was also downregulated and identified among the 50 most differentially expressed genes in CDDP-resistant NCCIT cell line. Interestingly, 2/31 TGCT patients harbored mutations in the ATRX gene encoding a chromatin modifier that has been shown to have a critical function in sexual differentiation. Our research newly highlights its probable involvement also in testicular tumors. Both findings support the emerging role of altered epigenetic gene regulation in TGCT and CDDP resistance development.
PTEN Alterations as a Potential Mechanism for Tumor Cell Escape from PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibition
Authors: Cretella Daniele , Digiacomo Graziana , Giovannetti Elisa , Cavazzoni Andrea
Published: September 2019

The recent approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors drastically changed the standard treatments in many advanced cancer patients, but molecular changes within the tumor can prevent the activity of immunotherapy drugs. Thus, the introduction of the inhibitors of the immune checkpoint programmed death-1/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1), should prompt deeper studies on resistance mechanisms, which can be caused by oncogenic mutations detected in cancer cells. PTEN, a tumor suppressor gene, dephosphorylates the lipid signaling intermediate PIP3 with inhibition of AKT activity, one of the main effectors of the PI3K signaling axis. As a consequence of genetic or epigenetic aberrations, PTEN expression is often altered, with increased activation of PI3K axis. Interestingly, some data confirmed that loss of PTEN expression modified the pattern of cytokine secretion creating an immune-suppressive microenvironment with increase of immune cell populations that can promote tumor progression. Moreover, PTEN loss may be ascribed to reduction of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), which can explain the absence of activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors. This review describes the role of PTEN loss as a mechanism responsible for resistance to anti PD-1/PD-L1 treatment. Moreover, combinatorial strategies between PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and PI3K/AKT targeting drugs are proposed as a new strategy to overcome resistance to immune checkpoint inhibition.
Survival and Prognostic Factors for Outcome after Radiotherapy for T2 Glottic Carcinoma
Authors: Hendriksma Martine , Ruler Marc A.P. van , Verbist Berit M. , Jong Martin A. de , Langeveld Ton P.M , Benthem Peter Paul G. van , Sjögren Elisabeth V.
Published: September 2019

Background: Local recurrence after radiotherapy for T2 glottic carcinoma remains an issue and identifying patients at risk for relapse is, therefore, important. This study aimed to assess the oncological outcomes and prognostic factors in a consecutive series of patients treated with radiotherapy for T2N0 glottic carcinoma. Methods: Patients with T2N0 glottic carcinoma treated with radiotherapy were included in this retrospective study. Five- and ten-year local control (LC), overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and laryngeal preservation (LP) rates were calculated with the Kaplan–Meier method. The impact of prognostic variables was evaluated with the log-rank test. Results: Ninety-four patients were included for analysis. LC, OS, DSS, and LP rates were 70.5, 63.7, 86.0, and 74.7%, respectively at five years and 65.8, 41.0, 75.6, and 72.4% at 10 years. In total, 46 scans were included in the analyses. Vertical involvement of the anterior commissure on imaging showed a significant impact on LC. Conclusions: In accordance with previously described surgical risk factors, we identified vertical involvement of the anterior commissure on imaging as a prognostic factor for radiation failure.
Clinical Significance of ABCB1 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Comprehensive Study
Authors: Boyer Thomas , Gonzales Fanny , Barthélémy Adeline , Marceau-Renaut Alice , Peyrouze Pauline , Guihard Soizic , Lepelley Pascale , Plesa Adriana , Nibourel Olivier , Delattre Carole , Wetterwald Marc , Pottier Nicolas , Plantier Isabelle , de Botton Stéphane , Dombret Hervé , Berthon Céline , Preudhomme Claude , Roumier Christophe , Cheok Meyling
Published: September 2019

ABCB1 is a member of the ATP binding cassette transporter family and high ABCB1 activity is considered as a poor prognostic factor in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated with intensive chemotherapy, its direct relation with drug resistance remains unclear. We evaluated ABCB1 activity in relation with clinical parameters and treatment response to standard chemotherapy in 321 patients with de novo AML. We assessed multiple clinical relationships of ABCB1 activity—ex vivo drug resistance, gene expression, and the ABCB1 inhibitor quinine were evaluated. ABCB1 activity was observed in 58% of AML and was linked to low white blood cell count, high expression of CD34, absence of FLT3-ITD, and absence of mutant NPM1. Moreover, ABCB1 activity was associated with worse overall- and event-free survival. However, ABCB1 activity did not directly lead to ex vivo drug resistance to anthracyclines. We found that ABCB1 was highly correlated with gene expressions of BAALC, CD34, CD200, and CD7, indicating that ABCB1 expression maybe a passenger characteristic of high-risk AML. Furthermore, ABCB1 was inversely correlated to HOX cluster genes and CD33. Thus, low ABCB1 AML patients benefited specifically from anti-CD33 treatment by gemtuzumab ozogamicin in addition to standard chemotherapy. We showed prognostic importance of ABCB1 gene expression, protein expression, and activity. Furthermore, ABCB1 was not directly linked to drug resistance, ABCB1 inhibition did not improve outcome of high ABCB1 AML patients and thus high ABCB1 may represent a passenger characteristic of high-risk AML.
Survival Benefits of Chemotherapy for Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Cancer in A Clinical Real-World Cohort
Authors: Kordes Maximilian , Yu Jingru , Malgerud Oscar , Gustafsson Liljefors Maria , Löhr J. -Matthias
Published: September 2019

Clinical outcomes of chemotherapy for patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma in a real-world setting might differ from outcomes in randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Here we show in a single-institution cohort of 595 patients that median overall survival (OS) of patients who received gemcitabine alone (n = 185; 6.6 months (95% CI; 5.5–7.7)) was the same as in pivotal RCTs. Gemcitabine/capecitabine (n = 60; 10.6 months (95% CI; 7.8–13.3)) and gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel (n = 66; 9.8 months (95% CI; 7.9–11.8)) resulted in a longer median OS and fluorouracil/oxaliplatin/irinotecan (n = 31, 9.9 months (95% CI; 8.1–11.7)) resulted in a shorter median OS than previously reported. Fluorouracil/oxaliplatin (n = 35, 5.8 months (95% CI; 4.5–7)) and best supportive care (n = 206, 1.8 months (95% CI; 1.5–2.1)) could not be benchmarked against any RCTs. The degree of protocol adherence explained differences between real-world outcomes and the respective RCTs, while exposure to second-line treatments did not.
Selective Inhibition of Histone Deacetylases 1/2/6 in Combination with Gemcitabine: A Promising Combination for Pancreatic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Laschanzky Richard S. , Humphrey Lisa E. , Ma Jihyun , Smith Lynette M. , Enke Thomas J. , Shukla Surendra K. , Dasgupta Aneesha , Singh Pankaj K. , Howell Gillian M. , Brattain Michael G. , Ly Quan P. , Black Adrian R. , Black Jennifer D.
Published: September 2019

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a five-year survival rate of <10% due in part to a lack of effective therapies. Pan-histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have shown preclinical efficacy against PDAC but have failed in the clinic due to toxicity. Selective HDAC inhibitors may reduce toxicity while retaining therapeutic efficacy. However, their use requires identification of the specific HDACs that mediate the therapeutic effects of HDAC inhibitors in PDAC. We determined that the HDAC1/2/3 inhibitor Mocetinostat synergizes with the HDAC4/5/6 inhibitor LMK-235 in a panel of PDAC cell lines. Furthermore, while neither drug alone synergizes with gemcitabine, the combination of Mocetinostat, LMK-235, and gemcitabine showed strong synergy. Using small interfering (si)RNA-mediated knockdown, this synergy was attributed to inhibition of HDACs 1, 2, and 6. Pharmacological inhibition of HDACs 1 and 2 with Romidepsin and HDAC6 with ACY-1215 also potently synergized with gemcitabine in a panel of PDAC cell lines, and this drug combination potentiated the antitumor effects of gemcitabine against PDAC xenografts in vivo. Collectively, our data show that inhibition of multiple HDACs is required for therapeutic effects of HDAC inhibitors and support the development of novel strategies to inhibit HDACs 1, 2, and 6 for PDAC therapy.
Anthracyclines Suppress Both NADPH Oxidase- Dependent and -Independent NETosis in Human Neutrophils
Authors: Khan Meraj A. , D’Ovidio Adam , Tran Harvard , Palaniyar Nades
Published: September 2019

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are cytotoxic DNA-protein complexes that play positive and negative roles in combating infection, inflammation, organ damage, autoimmunity, sepsis and cancer. However, NETosis regulatory effects of most of the clinically used drugs are not clearly established. Several recent studies highlight the relevance of NETs in promoting both cancer cell death and metastasis. Here, we screened the NETosis regulatory ability of 126 compounds belonging to 39 classes of drugs commonly used for treating cancer, blood cell disorders and other diseases. Our studies show that anthracyclines (e.g., epirubicin, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, and idarubicin) consistently suppress both NADPH oxidase-dependent and -independent types of NETosis in human neutrophils, ex vivo. The intercalating property of anthracycline may be enough to alter the transcription initiation and lead NETosis inhibition. Notably, the inhibitory doses of anthracyclines neither suppress the production of reactive oxygen species that are necessary for antimicrobial functions nor induce apoptotic cell death in neutrophils. Therefore, anthracyclines are a major class of drug that suppresses NETosis. The dexrazoxane, a cardioprotective agent, used for limiting the side effects of anthracyclines, neither affect NETosis nor alter the ability of anthracyclines to suppress NETosis. Hence, at correct doses, anthracyclines together with dexrazoxane could be considered as a therapeutic candidate drug for suppressing unwanted NETosis in NET-related diseases.
Bone Metastases in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: From Pathogenesis to Clinical Management
Authors: Altieri Barbara , Di Dato Carla , Martini Chiara , Sciammarella Concetta , Di Sarno Antonella , Colao Annamaria , Faggiano Antongiulio
Published: September 2019

Bone represents a common site of metastases for several solid tumors. However, the ability of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) to localize to bone has always been considered a rare and late event. Thanks to the improvement of therapeutic options, which results in longer survival, and of imaging techniques, particularly after the introduction of positron emission tomography (PET) with gallium peptides, the diagnosis of bone metastases (BMs) in NENs is increasing. The onset of BMs can be associated with severe skeletal complications that impair the patient’s quality of life. Moreover, BMs negatively affect the prognosis of NEN patients, bringing out the lack of curative treatment options for advanced NENs. The current knowledge on BMs in gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) and bronchopulmonary (BP) NENs is still scant and is derived from a few retrospective studies and case reports. This review aims to perform a critical analysis of the evidence regarding the role of BMs in GEP- and BP-NENs, focusing on the molecular mechanisms underlining the development of BMs, as well as clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of BMs, in an attempt to provide suggestions that can be used in clinical practice.
Radiation Tolerance in Tardigrades: Current Knowledge and Potential Applications in Medicine
Authors: Jönsson K. Ingemar
Published: September 2019

Tardigrades represent a phylum of very small aquatic animals in which many species have evolved adaptations to survive under extreme environmental conditions, such as desiccation and freezing. Studies on several species have documented that tardigrades also belong to the most radiation-tolerant animals on Earth. This paper gives an overview of our current knowledge on radiation tolerance of tardigrades, with respect to dose-responses, developmental stages, and different radiation sources. The molecular mechanisms behind radiation tolerance in tardigrades are still largely unknown, but omics studies suggest that both mechanisms related to the avoidance of DNA damage and mechanisms of DNA repair are involved. The potential of tardigrades to provide knowledge of importance for medical sciences has long been recognized, but it is not until recently that more apparent evidence of such potential has appeared. Recent studies show that stress-related tardigrade genes may be transfected to human cells and provide increased tolerance to osmotic stress and ionizing radiation. With the recent sequencing of the tardigrade genome, more studies applying tardigrade omics to relevant aspects of human medicine are expected. In particular, the cancer research field has potential to learn from studies on tardigrades about molecular mechanisms evolved to maintain genome integrity.