bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing a Proxy For The Value of Knowledge Sharing of International Congresses
Authors: Stoff-Hochreiner Martina , Mutschlechner Christian , Zins Andreas H.
Published: May 2024

Vienna as a capital city in the heart of Europe is considered a ﬁrst-ter destnaton for congresses and conferences (VCB, 2022). The Vienna Conventon Bureau (VCB) has been reportng statstcs on the demand and economic impact about its congress and conference sector since 1991. The contributon to overnight tourism demand fell from a long-term average of around 11% before COVID to 6% in the year 2021 (VCB, 2022). International congresses contributed 39% of total participants, 68% of overnights, 74% of induced economic impact and 75% of induced tax income for the City of Vienna according to the Event Model Austria (© Consultng Dr. Martna Stoﬀ-Hochreiner). This academically recognized model supports speciﬁc extrapolaton of the spending induced by congresses according to mult-dimensional classiﬁcaton criteria, as well as their economic and tax eﬀects. The Event Model Austria is constantly updated (economic and tax parameters speciﬁc to the Austrian economy, regular surveys with congress participants, exhibitors and experts) to ensure accurate economic impact assessments. Congresses and conferences in the medical segment are responsible for about 40% of the internatonal demand followed by natural science (with 15%) and economy and politcs (with 12%; VCB, 2022).
Net Zero Nonsense? A Greenwashing Guide for Association Events
Authors: McKinley Shawna
Published: May 2024

This article examines the challenges of assessing environmental claims and avoiding misleading information. The article explores the complexities of net zero and emphasises the significance of frameworks such as the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) and the Race to Zero. SBTi ensures adherence to scientific guidelines and specific activities, while Race to Zero mobilises organisations to achieve net zero by 2050. The article highlights the High-Level Expert Group on Net- Zero Emissions Commitments of Non-State Entities, which provides criteria to reduce greenwashing risks. It emphasises the need to transition from voluntary commitments to regulated requirements. The article urges organisations to act, collaborate, and evaluate net zero claims using credible tools. It warns against being climate bystanders and emphasises the importance of participation, ambition, and addressing greenwashing to meet the climate challenge.
The World Water Envoys Programme
Authors: Pal Awantika
Published: May 2024

The International Water Resources Association (IWRA) has been working for more than 50 years towards a more sustainable use and management of the world’s water resources. One of the key instruments is the World Water Congress where knowledge exchange across continents and disciplines is the main mission. For the recent Congress in Daegu, South Korea, IWRA not only worked closely with Korean stakeholders to increase awareness of water-related issues but launched an Envoy Programme inviting young and ambitious people from various countries in the world to bridge the world of the conference audience and the realities of societies for whom clean and sufficient water is out of reach.
Hosting Business Events in Times of Crisis – A Brief Overview of the Interview with An Event Practitioner
Authors: Ho Jie Min , Ang Chee Vui , Yong Shirley, Yi Wen
Published: May 2024

The views of Mr Geoffrey Lee, Head of CRM and Market Intelligence with Business Events Sarawak (BESarawak), on Sarawak’s current business event landscape are discussed. Notably, this industry perspective paper described the action taken by the business event industry to tackle the challenges in times of COVID-19 as well as the observed obstacles in positioning Sarawak as a leading business event destination.
The immediate DOs for Business Events: SARAWAK 2030 Marketing Plan Development for Government Sector
Authors: Roziman Amelia
Published: May 2024

The paper highlighted three main challenges that the business events industry in Sarawak faces: (i) limited exposure to legacy impacts; (ii) limited impact case studies and literature; as well as (3) knowing the government and BESarawak. Following the challenges, solutions and outcomes were provided. It was emphasized that long-term planning is important, legacy impact is transformational, being consistent, and understanding what matters to others are the four key takeaways in order to implement the Sarawak 2030 marketing plan for the local government sector more effectively.
Winning a Tough Bid and the Value to a 2nd Tier Destination Convention Bureau Environment – Part II
Authors: Cannon Mike
Published: May 2024

The paper is to provide a greater understanding of the bidding process to convention bureaux team members outside the field of bidding, allied supporters such as suppliers and government aka ministry, and students of business events. The paper talks about the bidding challenges, and importantly, the key benefits of winning events such as these, to the convention bureaux of the world, to society, and of course the community of a destination. The story is naturally bigger than this paper provides. For example, this study is developed from a 90-minute PowerPoint presentation and workshop developed by the writer.
Shaping Destinations with Business Events: Insights into Ecosystem Dynamics
Authors: Pacher Birgit , Roerig Christopher , Schreiber Michael-Thaddaeus , Tilman Naujoks
Published: May 2024

Moments when something new arises. Conferences, congresses, and events serve as platforms for exchanging experiences and ideas. They promote innovation, facilitate knowledge transfer, and further education and training. They foster international understanding. They reflect both international and national society and provide impetus for political, economic, scientific, and social processes. The event ecosystem also undergoes sustainable changes in response to global shifts that influence the conditions within which the industry operates. The innovation network Future Meeting Space (FMS) has been examining and discussing this continuous transformation since 2015. Based on this research, as well as other sources, the present white paper, considering all stakeholders in the event ecosystem, illustrates what a sustainable environment for business events might look like and the importance of these events for the development of regions and cities. It also analyzes the demands that business events place on destinations, locations, and the stakeholders involved today and even more so in the future, as well as the necessary conditions.
How to Define (Your) Legacy?
Authors: Schot Bas , Baggs Adam
Published: May 2024

This paper explores and questions the diverse interpretations and understandings of the concept of “legacy” across various organizations and individuals. A recurrent theme encountered is the perception of legacy as the ultimate goal. Many organizations, associations, and individuals aspire to create a lasting impact and indelible influence in their respective domains, a feat equated with legacy. As an instrumental tool for fostering global change and propelling success into the future, association events are asserted to have immense strategic potential. However, they do not provide a legacy in their own right – ultimately and most importantly, the legacy must be derived from the association itself. However, the paper recognizes that events can support association legacy; it highlights that realizing an event’s full potential does not occur in isolation. There is a need for strategic facilitation in various ways across many stakeholders. Whether this involves the creation of the perfect physical environment for individuals to gather, providing guidance, the allotment of necessary resources, or even financial support, crucial groundwork must be laid to ensure the success of these events. Any legacy programme’s establishment and ultimate success should be noticed and appreciated. Indeed, the paper advocates for initiating these programmes from the top level of an organization, as strategic direction is fundamental to their success. Furthermore, given the long-term nature of legacy, measurements should consider a broader perspective and not strictly adhere to typical short-term outlooks. This challenge is how to accurately measure these long-term strategic goals, especially when these goals need to be time-based, a major problem identified in the paper. Thus, careful consideration must be given to the metrics and indicators used.
Business Event Legacies – Website Analysis and a Process Approach
Authors: Tham Aaron
Published: May 2024

Business event legacies are widely promoted, but academic research remains in its infancy. This industry viewpoint seeks to excavate business event legacies from websites of member destinations within the Best Cities Alliance, given that it claims it is a network of best practices related to impacts and legacies. It was observed that 8 out of the 12 destinations feature legacies on their websites and that environmental legacies were the most frequently listed areas of impact. Interestingly, social legacies were identified more often than economic legacies, even though some of these indicators suggest that changes may only be realised in the long-term future. Most of the exemplars of Best Cities Alliance destinations also showcase business event legacies in situ rather than considering how pre- and post-event legacies can be intentionally designed. Derived from the outcomes of this industry viewpoint (or the lack thereof) has led to the development of a process approach to business event legacy consideration and operationalisation.
Sarawak’s Vision of Borneo’s Legacy Capital for Business Events
Authors: Zins Andreas H.
Published: May 2024

The article explores the intricate idea of “legacy” within the context of business events, highlighting its importance not just for individual events, but also for the lasting influence of an organization. Drawing insights from a study by Schot et al., (2023), and more recent critical voices (Lancaster, 2023; Latham, 2023) it underscores the importance of aligning associations’ missions with destinations’ marketing strategies. The role of destinations as enablers in the legacy-building process is highlighted, with a call to prioritize legacy discussions within associations. The article further explores Sarawak’s vision of becoming Borneo’s Legacy capital for business events, detailing legacy impact approaches in Copenhagen and Vancouver. Business Events Sarawak’s (BESarawak) commitment to fostering legacies is showcased through the BESLegacy framework, which aligns with Sarawak’s key areas and the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs). Instruments like the Anak Sarawak Award and the Legacy Ambassador Programme are highlighted as tangible tools for recognizing legacy impacts. The article concludes with case studies of significant conferences and the contributions of individuals emphasizing the broader impacts of business events in Sarawak.
The Legacy of IBRO 2019 for Daegu, South Korea and the World
Authors: Vong-Holmes Jane
Published: May 2024

his submission is derived from the “Business Event Legacies in Daegu, Korea” which was commissioned by the Daegu Business Events District. This report sponsored by the Daegu Metropolitan City and Daegu Convention & Visitors Bureau (Daegu CVB) illustrates legacies from five business events which were held in their city. Data for the report was compiled and researched by Prof. Jun Soo-hyun, Prof. Oh Ik-geun (Department of Tourism Management, Keimyung University), and Dr. Park Seong-deok (DaeguGyeongbuk Development Institute). Dr Kwon Young-Jin, Mayor of Daegu explained that the report is ground-breaking because it clearly shows that international business meetings are transformative agents for Daegu, and the city will leverage on its future conventions as a strategy for the development of its priority industries. This summary article for IJBEL which covers one case study is submitted on behalf of the Daegu CVB which acts as the Secretariat for the Daegu Business Events District. Daegu has long roots in its conventions industry as the site of South Korea’s first regional convention centre EXCO which opened for business in 2001. Two years later, the Daegu CVB was set-up, and the city has not looked back since. With an impressive list of national and international conventions under its belt, Daegu is one of South Korea’s top convention cities. The 28th World Gas Conference and 13th World Conference of Gerontechnology are among those expected this year. The legacy impacts of hosting the World Congress of Neuroscience (IBRO 2019) is scrutinized.
As fronteiras da cidadania: uma (re)leitura da história do constitucionalismo moderno ampliada pela Revolução Haitiana e pelo novo constitucionalismo latino-americano
Authors: Pimenta Luciana , Gonçalves Isaque Rafael Castella
Published: May 2024

(Re)ler a história do constitucionalismo moderno como quem sabe que só é possível escrever uma nova história da cidadania a partir daquilo que não foi contado ou ficou relegado às margens da história canônica, encontrando nos espaços em branco a narrativa constitucional que emerge dos elementos fáticos apagados ou suprimidos, dos atores negligenciados e das paisagens excluídas do mapa das revoluções modernas. Essa é a proposta deste artigo, que retoma a história do constitucionalismo moderno para ampliar as fronteiras da cidadania, repensadas e alargadas a partir das experiências da Revolução Haitiana e do novo constitucionalismo latino-americano. Nosso objetivo é apresentar uma leitura que se deixa rasurar por fenômenos não considerados na formulação e compreensão do constitucionalismo e da cidadania, sustentados nos pilares do Estado-nação moderno e suas bases filosóficas.
Direitos linguísticos e constitucionalismo: diálogos possíveis
Authors: Andrade Tadeu Luciano Siqueira
Published: May 2024

Considerando a importância do constitucionalismo para o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, este artigo busca apresentar algumas reflexões acerca dos direitos linguísticos como direitos fundamentais previstos em algumas Constituições de forma implícita ou explícita. Partindo de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, a pesquisa expõe o percurso histórico dos direitos linguísticos e suas implicações para a construção de uma sociedade livre e sem preconceito, caracterizada pelas mudanças sociais, históricas e linguísticas que repercutem no direito.
A cooperação dolosamente distinta nos crimes agravados pelo resultado
Authors: Quandt Gustavo de Oliveira
Published: May 2024

O texto volta-se a delinear a abrangência e o conteúdo do § 2º do art. 29 do Código Penal brasileiro, bem como a propor uma forma de conciliação do dispositivo com os crimes agravados pelo resultado.
Anotações sobre as categorias do chamado risco permitido
Authors: Amaral Rodrigo
Published: May 2024

Nem toda conduta perigosa ao bem jurídico está proibida pelo ordenamento jurídico, sendo essa a ratio do chamado risco permitido. O presente artigo versa sobre as categorias desse instituto, possuindo, a rigor, três momentos: analisar se o termo risco permitido é o mais adequado; verificar como os critérios sobre a valoração jurídica do risco criado aparentam possuir determinados padrões de relação e os eventuais porquês de isso ocorrer; refletir sobre a fundamentação da ideia e a insuficiência da opinião dominante – consistente na ponderação de interesses – quanto ao tema.
Noções sobre infiltração online no processo penal brasileiro: uma análise a partir do estudo de Luís Greco
Authors: Campos Wellington José
Published: May 2024

Este estudo visa explorar as complexidades da infiltração online dentro do processo penal brasileiro, abordando suas implicações éticas e legais por meio da perspectiva do estudo de Luís Greco sobre a experiência alemã. O objetivo é avaliar a necessidade de um marco regulatório que concilie a eficácia investigativa com a salvaguarda dos direitos fundamentais no contexto da digitalização crescente. A metodologia utilizada é a dedutiva, por meio da revisão bibliográfica, com uma abordagem comparativa. O artigo analisa como a legislação alemã, especialmente o § 100b StPO, regula a infiltração online, enfatizando critérios rigorosos e medidas protetivas para garantir a justiça e a proporcionalidade das operações de investigação. A pesquisa baseia-se na análise teórica e na revisão da legislação pertinente, buscando adaptar as lições aprendidas com a experiência alemã ao cenário brasileiro. Destaca-se a importância de um marco legal específico que permita a infiltração online de forma ética e fundamentada, respeitando os direitos individuais enquanto enfrenta os desafios impostos pelo ciberespaço. O artigo conclui enfatizando a contribuição de Greco para o diálogo sobre infiltração online no Brasil, sugerindo que a abordagem legislativa da Alemanha pode oferecer diretrizes valiosas para a criação de uma legislação brasileira que equilibre a segurança e as liberdades civis. Propõe-se uma reflexão sobre as implicações da infiltração online, reiterando a necessidade de um debate aprofundado e do desenvolvimento de normas claras para a prática investigativa no ambiente digital, respeitando princípios éticos e constitucionais.
Zapomniana peregrynacja Piety Skrzatuskiej
Authors:   Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Instytut Nauk Teologicznych, Katedra Historii Kościoła i Patrologii - adiunkt, Ceynowa Tadeusz ,   Archiwum Diecezji Koszalińsko-Kołobrzeskiej - dyrektor,   Biblioteka Wyższego Seminarium Duchownego w Koszalinie - dyrektor
Published: May 2024

Diecezja koszalińsko-kołobrzeska, kiedy została erygowana w 1972 r., miała jedno sanktuarium. W skrzatuskim kościele była czczona od 1575 r. MB Bolesna. To miejsce pierwszy biskup Ignacy Jeż ogłosił diecezjalnym sanktuarium z uroczystymi obchodami odpustu diecezjalnego 15 września lub w najbliższą niedzielę po tej dacie. O Skrzatuską Pietę i parafię dbali księża salezjanie już od 1952 r. Bp I. Jeż przekazał im sanktuarium. To zainicjowało podjęcie wielu starań z ich strony. Starania biskupie i salezjanów doprowadziły do ożywienia ruchu pielgrzymkowego. Rozwijający się kult umożliwił podjęcie starań o koronację cudownej Piety. Prymas Polski kardynał Józef Glemp 18 września 1988 r. uroczyście ukoronował koronami papieskimi wizerunek MB Bolesnej w Skrzatuszu. Ze względu na rozległość diecezji bp I. Jeż w porozumieniu z dziekanami zaproponował peregrynację kopii Piety Skrzatuskiej po 12 najbardziej oddalonych dekanatach od Skrzatusza. Pielgrzymowanie rozpoczęło się w Lęborku 24 września 1988 r., a zakończyło się w dekanacie koszalińskim w Bobolicach 22 grudnia 1988 r. Na podstawie zachowanych archiwaliów spróbowano odtworzyć zapomnianą przez wielu peregrynację sprzed 35 lat.
Ksiądz prałat Antoni Rojko (1898–1958). Kapłan diecezji mińskiej i pińskiej, wikariusz generalny administracji gorzowskiej, proboszcz parafii w Skrzatuszu w latach 1946–1948
Authors:   Archiwum Salezjańskiego Inspektorii Pilskiej – dyrektor, Wąsowicz Jarosław ,   WSD Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego w Lądzie
Published: May 2024

Ksiądz Prałat Antoni Rojko należał do pionierów duszpasterstwa na Ziemiach Zachodnich i Północnych przyznanych Polsce po II wojnie światowej. W 1946 r. przybył na tereny wraz z wiernymi z parafii w Prużanie na Polesiu. Był duchownym cieszącym się bardzo dobrą opinią, na wielu polach zasłużonym dla diecezji pińskiej, w której pracował od momentu jej powstania w 1925 r. W 1946 r. został włączony do duchowieństwa Administracji Apostolskiej Kamieńskiej, Lubuskiej i Prałatury Pilskiej, od 1950 r. ordynariatu gorzowskiego. W nowej rzeczywistości powojennej przeżył dwanaście kolejnych lat, pełniąc funkcje proboszcza parafii w Skrzatuszu, dziekana wałeckiego i wreszcie pierwszego w historii wikariusza generalnego administracji apostolskiej. Zmarł 5 marca 1958 r. w Gorzowie i został pochowany w Skrzatuszu. Artykuł jest pierwszą próbą szerszego ukazania jego biografii jako kapłana diecezji pińskiej i ordynariatu gorzowskiego.
Capacity Audit on Disaster Risk Reduction and Management in Basic Education
Authors: Balanggoy Henderson
Published: May 2024

Vulnerability may be associated with a community's capacity to act and counteract the effects of a hazard by enhancing the community's capacity to reduce risk. With this, the study seeks to assess the school's capacity for disaster risk reduction and management in terms of implementation differences and identify the obstacles and training requirements for DRRM in the Secondary Public Schools of the province of Benguet. The questionnaire was self-designed based on the activities of the four thematic areas, with its validity and dependability subject to verification. The result indicates that the resource capacity of public secondary institutions is moderately established. Regarding capability, there is no significant distinction between resources, knowledge, and talents. With the current School DRRM plan, every school has a disaster risk reduction and management plan, and most have evacuation and contingency plans. The Public Service Continuity plan and the local climate change action plan are present in only nine institutions. With this result, there are still many spaces to be filled, and the DRRM capacity of each public school must be improved. It may affect the school's performance in delivering its main objective to provide a safe and hazard-free environment. It is best to be proactive and ready to ensure that learners and teachers are safe. The result also indicates that public institutions must examine their system and enhance its implementation of the different thematic areas of DRRM; it does not require a complicated framework but a functional and understandable guideline. If DRRM is implemented effectively, it will assure the continuity of education and the safety of students and faculty.
Correlational Analysis of Academic Performance in General Education Courses During the Digital Learning Space
Authors: Terania Lizette , Dela Cruz Jonathan Daved
Published: May 2024

The integration of digital learning setups in higher education has revolutionized the educational landscape, necessitating a reevaluation of academic performance in General Education Courses (GECs). This correlational analysis study examines the interconnectedness of student grades across eight GECs during the transition to digital learning environments. By investigating the relationships between GEC subjects, the study sheds light on potential interdisciplinary connections and offers insights into overall academic performance trends. Findings reveal significant correlations between various GECs, highlighting the importance of fostering interdisciplinary learning experiences and promoting critical skills development among students in digital educational contexts. The study underscores the imperative of designing curriculum frameworks that encourage holistic learning experiences, prioritizing the development of communication skills, scientific literacy, and ethical reasoning. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for continuous evaluation and improvement initiatives to enhance the quality of education in digital learning environments. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of academic performance trends in GECs and informs pedagogical practices aimed at preparing students for success in an increasingly complex and interconnected world.
ON THE MODEL OF INNOVATIVE SYSTEM OF MIGRANT CHILDREN LANGUAGE ADAPTATION IN THE CONTEXT OF INTEGRATIVE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE LEARNING: PROBLEM STATEMENT AND MODEL DESIGN EXPERIENCE
Authors: БРЕУСОВА Е.И. , РУДНЕВА О.В.
Published: May 2024

Миграционные потоки в ХМАО–Югру остро ставят вопрос о языковой адаптации детей-мигрантов. Многие из них, поступая в школу, сталкиваются с пробле- мой незнания русского — государственного — языка или слабого владения им для получения образования. В статье транслируется опыт разработки модели инновационной системы языковой адаптации детей-мигрантов в условиях интегративного обучения русскому языку, кото- рая позволит сократить период адаптации таких школьников. Данная модель строилась на основе обобщения опыта деятельности МБОУ СОШ № 22 им. Г. Ф. Пономарева по работе с детьми-мигрантами. Структурные элементы, в том числе и инновационные, и алгоритм функционирования модели еще ждут своего подробного описания.

Migration flows in the Khanty–Mansiysk Autonomous District sharply raise the problem of migrant children language adaptation. Many of them, starting school, face the problem of not knowing Russian (the state language) or have a poor command of it for education purposes. The article presents the experience of developing a model of an innovative system of migrant children language adaptation in the context of integrative Russian language learning. The model implementation is aimed at the reduction of these schoolchildren adaptation period. The model is based on the analysis and generalization of the working experience with migrant children in the municipal budgetary educational institution of secondary education School No. 22 named after G. F. Ponomaryov. Structural elements, including innovative ones, and the algorithm of the model functioning are to be described in perspective.
Sliding mode active disturbance rejection control for manipulator considering actuator saturation
Authors: Tian Dongyu
Published: May 2024

Considering the issue of low control accuracy in joint trajectory tracking control for manipulator systems with actuator saturation due to external disturbances, modelling inaccuracies, and joint friction, a sliding mode active disturbance rejection control approach was proposed. An improved extended state observer is employed to observe and estimate the lumped disturbances affecting the system, providing feedback compensation. A variable gain reaching law is devised, coupled with a fast non-singular terminal sliding mode to design the system control law, which mitigates chattering inherent and ensuring precision control. Additionally, a novel output error compensation-based anti-windup scheme is introduced to compensate for the detrimental impacts caused by actuator saturation. Simulation results collectively demonstrate that the proposed tracking control algorithm exhibits better control performance and robustness against disturbances.
Populism and Mass Clientelistic Politics in Classical Athens
Authors: Hedetoft Christopher H.
Published: May 2024

The potential dangers and uses of populism are as never before at the forefront of discourse on modern democracy. From political scientists to the media, politicians and of course the public, everyone seems to have an opinion in the heated debate about the role of populism in politics. In most cases, contemporary populists are chastised by pundits and academics for undermining democracy and dividing the nation. Yet perhaps we need a new, albeit historical, perspective. Was populism present in a democratic state outside of our own time frame – and if so, how did it work? Using a number of works on populism as a theoretical framework, most importantly Jan-Werner Müller’s What is populism? (2016), this paper seeks to uncover, analyze and discuss popu- lism, rhetoric, leadership and power relations in the direct democracy of classical Athens (508-323 BCE). Through an in-depth study of Aristophanes’ comedy Knights, Thucydides’ history of the Peloponnesian War, and various forensic orations, I conclude that populism was very much alive and well in ancient Athens, and likely even embedded in the politico-legal structure of their society. Furthermore, I find that the relationship between elite orators and the masses of the Athenian citizenry was primarily an interde- pendent and mutually reciprocal one.
Two Misunderstood Visual Puns in Public Protests against Nero in A.D. 68 (SUET. NERO 45.2)
Authors: Woods David
Published: May 2024

Suetonius records a short list of four different examples of public protestagainst Nero at Rome during early A.D. 68 (Nero 45.2). One allegedly involved the adornmentof a statue of Nero with an inscription and a lock of hair (cirrus), the other theadornment of his statue with an inscription and a leathern canteen (ascopa). It is arguedhere that the true significance of these two protests has been lost because the key termsused to describe the objects placed on the statues were altered during the transmissionof the accounts of these events resulting in the obscuring of the puns that had beencentral to their understanding.Introduction
Plataean Remembrances
Authors: Müller Christel
Published: May 2024

This article focuses, in a regressive approach going back in time from the Imperial to the Classical period, on the physical markers which became places of commemoration on the territory of Plataea after 479, and their significance in terms of the memory of the battle and the persistence (or otherwise) of a Panhellenic landscape. These markers fall into three categories: trophies, the altar of Zeus Eleutherios, and the graves of fallen soldiers. Trophies, initially ephemeral monuments celebrating a victory, were monumentalised before 380 BC to become concrete manifestations of Panhellenic values. The punctual sacrifice to Zeus Eleutherios on the agora was perpetuated by the construction of a marble altar and was enriched by the addition of a goddess, Homonoia, at least in the Hellenistic period, but perhaps as early as the end of the 5th century BC. Finally, the tombs of dead soldiers were the object of sacrifices that seemed to change in nature between the Classical and Imperial periods, with the enagismos ritual so well described by Plutarch. Two ceremonies are also discussed, the Eleutheria and the dialogos, which further encapsulate the memorial importance of the battle, perhaps as early as the end of the 4th century BC for the contest and the end of the 2nd century BC for the dialogos.
Patterns of Relationship between Metropolis and Apoikia in Dorian Sicily
Authors: Morakis Andreas
Published: May 2024

This paper explores the relationship between Dorian metropoleis of Sicily and their colonies there during the archaic and early classical periods. We will concentrate on three case studies and different topics such as political organization, attitude towards the indigenous populations, alphabet, foreign relations, burials, and material culture. The three case studies are the following: (a) Syracuse and its three colonies, Akrai, Kasmenai and Kamarina, (b) Megara Hyblaea and Selinous, and (c) Gela and Akragas.
Pregnancy after kidney and liver transplantation
Authors: Wise A , Diana N E , Bobat B , Saggers R T , Bhoora S , Budhram S , Chauke L , Lala V G , Mahomed A , Mokgoko D , Seabi M , Moore B , Naidoo S , Nyakoe R B , Odell N , Paget G , Wium L , Zamparini J
Published: May 2024

Pregnancy in kidney and liver transplant recipients presents unique challenges and risks for both maternal and fetal health. This article examines the management of pregnancy in kidney and liver transplant recipients, focusing on pre-pregnancy counselling, trimester-specific care, the teratogenic effects of immunosuppressive drugs, and the role of the multidisciplinary team. While South African (SA) data on this topic are limited, the Transplant Pregnancy Registry International has provided valuable insights. Despite the increased risk of maternal and fetal complications, the overall risk of graft loss during pregnancy is low. Graft survival rates are comparable between pregnant and non- pregnant transplant recipients, except for pregnancies occurring within 1 year of transplantation. By addressing the complexities of managing pregnant women with kidney or liver transplants, this article underscores the importance of tailored care and the involvement of various medical specialists. It also explores the safety of and potential complications associated with specific immunosuppressive therapies during pregnancy. Further research is needed to enhance our understanding and optimise the management of these high-risk pregnancies in SA.
An Examination of Educational Leadership Preparation in Ontario: Are Principals Prepared to Lead Equitably?
Authors: Spooner Nia
Published: May 2024

In response to the changing demographics of schools in Canada and efforts to better equip principals to challenging inequity, leadership preparation programs have adopted new policies focused more on leading with an equity lens. However, studies have demonstrated a disconnect between what is covered in these leadership programs and how school principals actually perceive their ability to lead equitably and work with diverse learners. Six current school principals and vice principals in Ontario, Canada who have successfully completed a Principal Qualification Program (PQP) course were interviewed to understand their perceptions on the program’s ability to prepare them to lead, and their perceptions on concepts of equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI). The racial experiences and identities of each participant shaped their definitions of EDI, as well as their understandings of difference. Study findings indicate several critical areas of change for principal preparation programs in Ontario: training guidelines, efforts to prepare educators to be equitable leaders, and the educators’ perceptions on their preparedness to lead. Utilization of Critical Race Theory in Education and Applied Critical Leadership additionally help frame analysis and support the need to integrate culturally relevant pedagogical practice into leadership preparation programs.
Examining the Virtual Leadership of Leaders in Higher Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study
Authors: Guzar Katlyn , Bianchi-Laubsch Daniella
Published: May 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, student services leaders needed to adapt to working entirely virtually, find creative solutions to adjust their service delivery, and change how they engaged with their teams. Before COVID-19, studies of virtual leadership focused on virtual teams developed because of the geographical distance between team members. This qualitative study investigated virtual leadership and virtual teams developed because of the move to virtual work during the COVID-19 pandemic. It examined how student services leaders changed their leadership behaviours in response to moving to the virtual work environment. Using data gathered through a questionnaire, interviews, and documentation, four themes reflecting how leaders changed their behaviours and practices were identified: reimagining communication, reconstructing work using technology, reframing team support, and reorienting toward hybrid work. Understanding how these leaders managed their virtual teams at a midsized university in southern Ontario provides insight into what practices might be helpful for teams that continue exclusively virtual work and those that transition to a hybrid work approach.
Multiple Guidance Mechanisms Control Axon Growth to Generate Precise T-shaped Bifurcation during Dorsal Funiculus Development in the Spinal Cord
Authors: Curran Bridget M , Nickerson Kelsey R , Yung Andrea R , Goodrich Lisa V , Jaworski Alexander , Tessier-Lavigne Marc , Ma Le
Published: May 2024

The dorsal funiculus in the spinal cord relays somatosensory information to the brain. It is made of T-shaped bifurcation of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory axons. Our previous study has shown that Slit signaling is required for proper guidance during bifurcation, but loss of Slit does not affect all DRG axons. Here, we examined the role of the extracellular molecule Netrin-1 (Ntn1). Using wholemount staining with tissue clearing, we showed that mice lacking Ntn1 have axons escaping from the dorsal funiculus at the time of bifurcation. Genetic labeling confirmed that these misprojecting axons come from DRG neurons. Single axon analysis showed that loss of Ntn1 does not affect bifurcation but rather alters turning angles. To distinguish their guidance functions, we examined mice with triple deletion of Ntn1, Slit1, and Slit2 and found a completely disorganized dorsal funiculus. Comparing mice with different genotypes using immunolabeling and single axon tracing revealed additive guidance errors, demonstrating the independent roles of Ntn1 and Slit. Moreover, the same defects were observed in embryos lacking their cognate receptors. These
in vivo
studies thus demonstrate the presence of multi-factorial guidance mechanisms that ensure proper formation of a common branched axonal structure during spinal cord development.
#GotGlycans: Role of N343 Glycosylation on the SARS-CoV-2 S RBD Structure and Co-Receptor Binding Across Variants of Concern
Authors: Ives Callum M. , Nguyen Linh , Fogarty Carl A. , Harbison Aoife M. , Durocher Yves , Klassen John S. , Fadda Elisa
Published: May 2024

Glycosylation of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein represents a key target for viral evolution because it affects both viral evasion and fitness. Successful variations in the glycan shield are difficult to achieve though, as protein glycosylation is also critical to folding and to structural stability. Within this framework, the identification of glycosylation sites that are structurally dispensable can provide insight into the evolutionary mechanisms of the shield and inform immune surveillance. In this work we show through over 45 μs of cumulative sampling from conventional and enhanced molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, how the structure of the immunodominant S receptor binding domain (RBD) is regulated by
N
-glycosylation at N343 and how this glycan’s structural role changes from WHu-1, alpha (B.1.1.7), and beta (B.1.351), to the delta (B.1.617.2) and omicron (BA.1 and BA.2.86) variants. More specifically, we find that the amphipathic nature of the
N
-glycan is instrumental to preserve the structural integrity of the RBD hydrophobic core and that loss of glycosylation at N343 triggers a specific and consistent conformational change. We show how this change allosterically regulates the conformation of the receptor binding motif (RBM) in the WHu-1, alpha and beta RBDs, but not in the delta and omicron variants, due to mutations that reinforce the RBD architecture. In support of these findings, we show that the binding of the RBD to monosialylated ganglioside co-receptors is highly dependent on N343 glycosylation in the WHu-1, but not in the delta RBD, and that affinity changes significantly across VoCs. Ultimately, the molecular and functional insight we provide in this work reinforces our understanding of the role of glycosylation in protein structure and function and it also allows us to identify the structural constraints within which the glycosylation site at N343 can become a hotspot for mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 S glycan shield.
Value Chain Analysis of Groundnut in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Kiruthika N.
Published: May 2024

Oilseeds provide vegetable oils which not only form an essential part of human diet but also serve as an important raw material for the manufacture of soaps, paints, varnishes, hair oils, lubricants and various other products. Among all the oilseed crops groundnut is an important oilseed and supplementary food crop. Itis also called as ‘the king of oilseeds. In Tamil Nadu, Ground nut is being cultivated in almost all the districts. Totally, 240 farmers were contacted from 24 villages spread over in 8 blocks of 2 districts. Besides farmers, traders and processors were contacted in each district at the rate of 10 traders per district. The data were analysed by using value chain mapping and price spread analysis. Results indicated that cost of cultivation under rainfed condition was Rs. 30967.81 per ha and Rs. 34789.21 per ha under irrigated condition. The net income realised was Rs. 30628.38 and Rs.32450.26 per ha in rainfed and irrigated condition respectively. The results reveal that net income from groundnut was found to be higher under irrigated condition. Value chain analysis indicated that there were 5 marketing channels through which groundnut were marketed by the sample farmers. Nearly 23.33 percent of the sample farmers sold the produce to the village merchants. The percentage of the sample farmers marketed through commission agents and regulated markets were 25.00 and 33.33, respectively.
Application of Precision Farming in Horticulture: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Halder Shuvadeep , Purkaystha Shampa , Ghosh Tushar , Ghosh Subhash Chandra , Hayat Abid
Published: May 2024

With the ever-increasing global population and diverse challenges caused by climate change, horticultural productivity must increase in an ecofriendly and sustainable way. Precision farming, also known as precision agriculture may play an important role to improve this situation by a data-driven farm management system that aims to identify, analyze, and manage variability within fields for optimal profitability, sustainability, and land resource protection. It involves applying the right treatments at the right time and location within a field. In horticulture, precision farming plays a crucial role in resource-efficient management as well as reducing significant labour requirement, including techniques like fertigation, greenhouse cultivation, soil and leaf nutrient-based fertilizer management, and more. This comprehensive review paper explores the application of precision farming in horticulture, emphasizing its potential impact on crop management, environmental health, and economic sustainability.
Psychological Perspective of Mother-Daughter Relationship in Toni Morrison’s Beloved
Authors: Darshana V.
Published: May 2024

Toni Morrison delves deeply into history, culture, and human psychology in her novels, which go well beyond surface dynamics to examine the mother-daughter bond in great detail. Morrison's writing expertly explores the psychological elements that shape and define the relationship between mothers and daughters while also illuminating the bond between them through the careful weaving together of intricate events. Morrison focuses his examination on the idea of identity. She examines how women negotiate their identities in the face of family expectations, societal norms, and personal aspirations. Through the lives of her characters, Morrison illustrates the inner struggles that women experience as they attempt to strike a balance between the weight of their ancestors' past and their demand for personal liberty. Morrison uses parallelism between Beloved and Sethe frequently enough to make it hard for the reader to ignore their affection for one another and their mental relationship, which is, regrettably, the source of their conflict as mother and daughter. A further sign that the two do not understand each other's reasons for love and desertion is the difference between Beloved's recall that Sethe "left her" and Sethe's reminder to her that she "loves her."
Scrunity and Enslavement of Woman in Shashe Deshpande’s The Dark Holds No Terror
Authors: Dhivya V.
Published: May 2024

Patriarchal amazingness and the subordination of women are typical in almost all social orders and societies. Shashi Deshpande, an Indian writer, depicts the physical, mental, and ideological persecution that patriarchy has caused with indescribable detail. Women's freedom and ladylike character are celebrated by Deshpande through the creation of two strong female characters, Sarita and Indu, who give importance to their internal heart. The role of patriarchy is assumed by female characters in English literature who are quiet, detached, and unapproachable. Desdemona by William Shakespeare, Ophelia, Tess by Thomas Solid, Catherine by Emily Bronte, Isabella, Bertha Bricklayer by Charlotte Bronte, and D.H. Lawrence's Miriam are depicted as powerless, delicate and powerless within the hands of patriarchy. On the flip side, Deshpande succeeds in displaying how her female heroes transform and comprehend their place in society. She has opted for two books that illustrate the patriarchal control and frustrations faced by females in marital unions. Hence, the by and large reason of this article is to portray the long-lasting battle of ladies to discover their genuine personality and position in families, social orders and societies. This inquires about looks for to discover out the genuine nature of patriarchy that endures in society in different shapes and shapes to limit ladies by reducing their internal quality and individuality.
Subjugation of Indian Women in Anita Nair's Ladies Coupe
Authors: Anusuya J.
Published: May 2024

Perhaps Anita Nair is a famous postmodern Indian English writer. She writes about the lives of women on streets in her latest book, Women car. The primary focus of this novel is to explore the oppression of Indian men in society through self-discovery. Women coupe here implies a segment saved for ladies within the prepare. In the within the synonyms post-colonial period, most of these books were about the freedom of women and their problems in Indian society. The prevalent nature of Indian society meant that men saw themselves as dominant and ranked second to women, surpassing them. Indian English fiction reflects society. The focus of this article is on women's ongoing emancipation and eventual discovery of themselves.
Childhood vs Adulthood: A Study of the Characters in Charles Dicken’s Great Expectations
Authors: Jessy J.
Published: May 2024

In Great Expectations, Pip travels the path of self-discovery, self-enhancement, and gentlemanly behavior. But differently, the story explores the aspirations of obtaining wealth, education, and social refinement. Victorian civilization instilled morality and etiquette in its readers, as demonstrated by Charles Dickens’ “Great Expectations". The lead character's journey from childhood to adulthood is followed by the reader, who gains insight into the reader's ability to discern morality even in the non-fictional world through the protagonist's interactions with other people, values, and behaviors. Because it acts as a bridge connecting social norms and the development of a fictional character, this is what draws interest to the educational romance genre.
Malgudi a Fictional World: A Critical Study on R.K. Narayan’s Malgudi Days
Authors: Revathi R.
Published: May 2024

Rasipuram Krishna Swami Iyer Narayanaswami, a leading writer of early Indian English literature famous for his works set in the fictional South Indian town of Malgudi. Malgudi is the fictional place of R.K. Narayan, like Wordsworth’s Lake District and Arnold Bennett’s Five Cities. It is the eternal source of pleasure and sadness for the characters of the novel. This article consists of four parts; such as introduction, setting, people and structure. It has its limitations, but it is hoped that it will help those who lead the same path. It analyzes and interprets the life of this city. This distinguishes the author’s approach to Indian life from that of some Western writers. It also shows a live image of configuration Malgudi. Additionally; it focuses on the people and structure of Malgudi.
Interaction of water soluble chitosan with multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Feng Wei , Li Ying , Ji Peijun
Published: January 2011

A water soluble chitosan derivative (p‐chitosan) was synthesized and used to functionalize multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) through the noncovalent interaction. The interaction of p‐chitosan with MWCNTs was investigated by analyzing the spectra of ultraviolet‐visible, Fourier transform infrared, Raman, and X‐ray photoelectron. Circular dichroism spectroscopy was used to study the interaction as well. The results of the circular dichroism spectra indicate that, the interaction of p‐chitosan with MWCNT makes p‐chitosan less regularly structured. It was found that the interaction of p‐chitosan with MWCNTs at a lower temperature is stronger than that at a higher temperature; pH conditions affect the interaction between p‐chitosan and MWCNTs. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012