bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identified GABAergic and Glutamatergic Neurons in the Mouse Inferior Colliculus Share Similar Response Properties
Authors: Ono Munenori , Bishop Deborah C. , Oliver Douglas L.
Published: August 2017

GABAergic neurons in the inferior colliculus (IC) play a critical role in auditory information processing, yet their responses to sound are unknown. Here, we used optogenetic methods to characterize the response properties of GABAergic and presumed glutamatergic neurons to sound in the IC. We found that responses to pure tones of both inhibitory and excitatory classes of neurons were similar in their thresholds, response latencies, rate-level functions, and frequency tuning, but GABAergic neurons may have higher spontaneous firing rates. In contrast to their responses to pure tones, the inhibitory and excitatory neurons differed in their ability to follow amplitude modulations. The responses of both cell classes were affected by their location regardless of the cell type, especially in terms of their frequency tuning. These results show that the synaptic domain, a unique organization of local neural circuits in the IC, may interact with all types of neurons to produce their ultimate response to sound.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAlthough the inferior colliculus (IC) in the auditory midbrain is composed of different types of neurons, little is known about how these specific types of neurons respond to sound. Here, for the first time, we characterized the response properties of GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons in the IC. Both classes of neurons had diverse response properties to tones but were overall similar, except for the spontaneous activity and their ability to follow amplitude-modulated sound. Both classes of neurons may compose a basic local circuit that is replicated throughout the IC. Within each local circuit, the inputs to the local circuit may have a greater influence in determining the response properties to sound than the specific neuron types.
Mahler's Bruckner, between Devotion and Misprision
Authors: Korstvedt Benjamin M.
Published: August 2017

This article centers on a detailed study of Mahler's performing version of Bruckner's Fourth Symphony. This study, which is based on the orchestral materials used in Mahler's performances in Vienna (1900) and New York (1910), outlines the changes Mahler made to the work, particularly a series of major cuts, and considers their musical significance. The article uses these observations as an occasion for analyzing aspects of Mahler's complex personal and musical relationship to the older composer. It argues that, beyond the manifest issues of symphonic form and style raised by Mahler's adaptation, something deeper was also at work: in performing Bruckner in a heavily edited form Mahler was unconsciously negotiating his own artistic relationship to his great predecessor. This process must have been particularly fraught given Mahler's deeply contradictory sentiments about Bruckner's music, the two composers’ personal relationship, and the public's image of their affiliation. The article argues that Mahler's treatment of Bruckner's Fourth was palpably haunted by what Harold Bloom famously defined as “the anxiety of influence” and that this led him to attempt to remake Bruckner's symphony in ways that were more in keeping with his own artistic self-image. It concludes by suggesting that later generations have inherited something of Mahler's anxiety about his musical affiliation with Bruckner.
Pervasive coexpression of spatially proximal genes is buffered at the protein level
Authors: Kustatscher Georg , Grabowski Piotr , Rappsilber Juri
Published: August 2017

Genes are not randomly distributed in the genome. In humans, 10% of protein‐coding genes are transcribed from bidirectional promoters and many more are organised in larger clusters. Intriguingly, neighbouring genes are frequently coexpressed but rarely functionally related. Here we show that coexpression of bidirectional gene pairs, and closeby genes in general, is buffered at the protein level. Taking into account the 3D architecture of the genome, we find that co‐regulation of spatially close, functionally unrelated genes is pervasive at the transcriptome level, but does not extend to the proteome. We present evidence that non‐functional mRNA coexpression in human cells arises from stochastic chromatin fluctuations and direct regulatory interference between spatially close genes. Protein‐level buffering likely reflects a lack of coordination of post‐transcriptional regulation of functionally unrelated genes. Grouping human genes together along the genome sequence, or through long‐range chromosome folding, is associated with reduced expression noise. Our results support the hypothesis that the selection for noise reduction is a major driver of the evolution of genome organisation.
Konstrukcija identiteta u makro-mikro kontekstu
Authors: Tomić-Koludrović Inga , Knežević Sanja
Published: August 2017

Tekst kontekstualizira različite diskurse o identitetu i društvu u mikromakro raspravu koja se od sredine osamdesetih godina dvadesetog stoljeća intenzivno vodi unutar suvremenih socioloških teorija. Ta rasprava izražava promjene koncepta identiteta nastale pod utjecajem procesa individualizacije i pluralizacije načina življenja u postindustrijski moderniziranim društvima. Najvažniji razlog novoprobuđenog interesa za probleme identiteta unutar suvremenih socioloških teorija su procesi karakteristični za "drugu" ili "refleksivnu" modernizaciju (Beck, 1986). Ovi procesi potakli su promjene identiteta u pravcima koji u prijašnjim vremenima nisu bili mogući. Identitet se u kontekstu "druge modernizacije" ili "kasne modernosti" (Giddens, 1991), konceptualizira kao samo-refleksivni individualni projekt u kontekstu višestrukih šansi koje društvo nudi za njegovu realizaciju. Diskursi o identitetu nastali u ovom kontekstu omogućuju osobito dobru integraciju socioloških mikro i makro pristupa.
Elementi filozofije jezika u "Povijesti Međuzemlje" J. R. R. Tolkiena
Authors: Ćirić Josip
Published: August 2017

U Tolkienovoj "Povijesti Međuzemlje" mogu se prepoznati njegovi stavovi, kao lingviste, o naravi jezika. Ovo se ispitivanje temelji na pretpostavkama o projektivnoj naravi fantazijske literature, analogističkoj teoriji naravi imena u filozofiji jezika, te teoriji fonetičke ikoničnosti. Analiza hrvatskog tradicijskog bestijarija upućuje da se ova pojava može identificirati stastičkim metodama, poimenice za fonološko svojstvo prekidnosti. Kao autor četrnaest umjetnih jezika, Tolkien je pretočio u leksik i strukturu pisma ideju o poklapanju biti jezika i svijeta: fonetska struktura, konotativne asocijacije i ustroj tengwara skladno prate etičku dimenziju objekata na koje referiraju. Na koncu se navodi nekoliko istraživanja koja potvrđuju početne teze i u nefantazijskoj okolini.
Stem cell-derived exosomes: a novel vector for tissue repair and diabetic therapy
Authors: Newton William C , Kim Joseph W , Luo John Z Q , Luo LuGuang
Published: August 2017

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted from a majority of cell types. Exosomes play a role in healthy and pathogenic intercellular interactions via the transfer of proteins, lipids and RNA. The contents and effects of exosomes vary depending on the properties of the originating cell. Exosomes secreted from some cell types, including stem cells, carry biological factors implicated in the protection, regeneration and angiogenesis of damaged tissues. Due to these properties, exosomes have attracted attention as a novel vector for regenerative therapies. Exosomes as a therapeutic tool could have applications for the treatment of many disorders characterized by chronic tissue damage. Exosomes derived from stem cells could be applied to repair or prevent damage from the complications of diabetes mellitus. The immunomodulatory and reparative properties of stem cell-derived exosomes could protect or even restore an early-stage type 1 diabetic patient’s original islets from autoimmune destruction. Exosomes could also possibly suppress graft rejection of pancreatic islet transplants. Therefore, it is our recommendation that the treatment of diabetes mellitus using exosome-based therapies be further explored. Development of novel therapies using exosomes is slowed by a limited understanding of their mechanisms. This hurdle must be overcome to pave the way for clinical trials and ultimately the adaptation of exosomes as a therapeutic vector.
AIP and the somatostatin system in pituitary tumours
Authors: Ibáñez-Costa Alejandro , Korbonits Márta
Published: August 2017

Classic somatostatin analogues aimed at somatostatin receptor type 2, such as octreotide and lanreotide, represent the mainstay of medical treatment for acromegaly. These agents have the potential to decrease hormone secretion and reduce tumour size. Patients with a germline mutation in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein gene,AIP, develop young-onset acromegaly, poorly responsive to pharmacological therapy. In this review, we summarise the most recent studies on AIP-related pituitary adenomas, paying special attention to the causes of somatostatin resistance; the somatostatin receptor profile including type 2, type 5 and truncated variants; the role of G proteins in this pathology; the use of first and second generation somatostatin analogues; and the role of ZAC1, a zinc-finger protein with expression linked to AIP in somatotrophinoma models and acting as a key mediator of octreotide response.
Dissecting Causal Pathways Using Mendelian Randomization with Summarized Genetic Data: Application to Age at Menarche and Risk of Breast Cancer
Authors: Burgess Stephen , Thompson Deborah J , Rees Jessica M B , Day Felix R , Perry John R , Ong Ken K
Published: August 2017

Mendelian randomization is the use of genetic variants as instrumental variables to estimate causal effects of risk factors on outcomes. The total causal effect of a risk factor is the change in the outcome resulting from intervening on the risk factor. This total causal effect may potentially encompass multiple mediating mechanisms. For a proposed mediator, the direct effect of the risk factor is the change in the outcome resulting from a change in the risk factor, keeping the mediator constant. A difference between the total effect and the direct effect indicates that the causal pathway from the risk factor to the outcome acts at least in part via the mediator (an indirect effect). Here, we show that Mendelian randomization estimates of total and direct effects can be obtained using summarized data on genetic associations with the risk factor, mediator, and outcome, potentially from different data sources. We perform simulations to test the validity of this approach when there is unmeasured confounding and/or bidirectional effects between the risk factor and mediator. We illustrate this method using the relationship between age at menarche and risk of breast cancer, with body mass index (BMI) as a potential mediator. We show an inverse direct causal effect of age at menarche on risk of breast cancer (independent of BMI), and a positive indirect effect via BMI. In conclusion, multivariable Mendelian randomization using summarized genetic data provides a rapid and accessible analytic strategy that can be undertaken using publicly available data to better understand causal mechanisms.
Reflexiones sobre la formación de competencias transversales y digitales en las instituciones de educación superior de México
Authors: Vega Cadena Uzziel Japhet , Figueroa de la Fuente Mariana , Del Real Medina Francisco
Published: August 2017

La educación en el siglo XXI enfrenta el gran reto de formar profesionales que puedan encarar las necesidades laborales contemporáneas en un entorno globalizado y altamente tecnificado. Por lo que se requiere que la educación superior fomente el desarrollo de competencias laborales y digitales que permitan trabajar proyectos transversales e interrelacionados, para que el estudiantado tenga las herramientas necesarias para afrontar los cambios de la sociedad del conocimiento de forma competitiva. Por tanto, el objetivo del presente ensayo es reflexionar acerca del papel de la educación superior en México en la llamada sociedad del conocimiento, así como contribuir al análisis de las relaciones de las instituciones educativas con el Estado, la sociedad y el sector productivo. Para ello, en un primer apartado se abordan, de manera general, las políticas educativas vigentes en México; en un segundo apartado se realiza un acercamiento teórico a la definición de competencias; para finalmente revisar la importancia de las competencias digitales en la era actual. Por último, se presentan las conclusiones.
El aprendizaje por proyectos: una experiencia pedagógica para la construcción de espacios de aprendizaje dentro y fuera del aula
Authors: Arias Sandoval Leonel
Published: August 2017

Este ensayo tiene como objetivo exponer las experiencias pedagógicas del aprendizaje por proyectos a partir de la práctica docente en un colegio urbano de la ciudad de Alajuela, a partir de la inclusión de proyectos educativos en el aula. Lo anterior responde a una serie de estrategias pedagógicas que implican el desarrollo de ciertas actividades, técnicas y recursos didácticos consecuentes con los contenidos curriculares denominados conceptuales, procedimentales y actitudinales. Los proyectos pedagógicos se sitúan dentro del marco filosófico constructivista e implican una estrategia metodológica que integra los procedimientos necesarios para desarrollar aprendizajes individuales o colectivos con base en actividades innovadoras. Se concluye que cada proyecto responde a un contexto específico, por tanto, no se pueden generalizar las estrategias que van a desarrollar en cada una de las instituciones; además el acompañamiento docente en el aula es fundamental durante la organización del trabajo.
El uso del número en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje con niñez de cinco años en la Institución Educativa Peruana 1094
Authors: Ortiz Ortiz Liliana Beatriz , Cruzata-Martínez Alejandro
Published: August 2017

Este artículo presenta los principales resultados de una investigación de maestría sobre estrategias vivenciales para el uso del número en el proceso de enseñanza - aprendizaje de la educación inicial con niñez de 5 años. Metodológicamente corresponde al enfoque cualitativo educacional de tipo aplicada. Se aplicaron como instrumentos de investigación la entrevista a docentes y padres y madres de familia y la observación a docentes y a niños y niñas. Para el procesamiento de la información se emplearon fichas de análisis documental y la triangulación. Los resultados evidencian contradicciones en el manejo del número y limitado aprovechamiento de su uso en el aula por parte de docentes, indiferencia ante el juego y las actividades en la escuela así como disposición para el trabajo matemático durante el juego cotidiano, capacidad de asombro, atención y disfrute por parte de los niños y niñas y conocimiento de los diversos usos del número en los padres. Como contribución a la solución de las dificultades identificadas se proponen estrategias vivenciales que favorecen el aprendizaje y práctica del número en las aulas a través de la comunicación y la cultura.
Competencia léxico-productiva, memoria a corto plazo y desempeño académico en nivel superior: correlaciones a partir de un análisis simple y uno multivariado
Authors: Zapico Martín Gonzalo , Gómez-Delsouc Alejandro
Published: August 2017

Hablar de desempeño académico en el nivel superior es referirse a un tema de gran interés tanto en términos de reflexión teórica como de praxis. Teniendo en cuenta la gran cantidad de estudios, y la gran diversidad de estos en el ámbito de la predicción del desempeño, se han propuesto gran cantidad de elementos que predicen el desempeño académico. No obstante, tres destacan por su solidez estadística: la motivación personal (autoestima, expectativas, estrés), el juicio crítico y el desempeño en instancias previas. La hipótesis que se sostiene en este trabajo es que tanto el vocabulario léxico-productivo como la memoria de trabajo pueden ser indicadores estadísticamente válidos del desempeño académico. Para confirmar dicha hipótesis se realizó un análisis comparativo cuantitativo (estadística descriptiva y correlacional) en una muestra de 120 estudiantes de un instituto de formación superior a quienes se les administró tanto un test de vocabulario léxico-productivo como un test de memoria de trabajo. Los resultados sugieren que el vocabulario es un predictor altamente fiable del desempeño, en tanto la memoria, si bien tiene un grado de correlación, es significativamente más bajo que el del vocabulario.
Peaceful in Pesantren: The Involvement of Santri’s Peaceful Environment and Personality
Authors: Hidayat Ade
Published: August 2017

The aim of this study is to identify the characteristics of peaceful personality of adolescent Santri (Islamic students) and their peaceful environment. The subjects of the study are 57 respondents taken from two classes (both male and female classes) of the 11th grade in Madrasah Aliyah (Mualimin) Pesantren Persis 19 Bentar Garut, academic year 2015-2016. Quantitative research was used where the data was analyzed descriptive and correlational statistics. The result of the study showed that average achievement of peaceful personality is considered high in the aspects of intrapersonal and interpersonal peaceful personality. The number of Santri’s perceptions on the condition of Pesantren’s (Islamic school) peaceful environment is also considered high. The factor of the environmental condition in Pesantren and home, according to the result of study, significantly influences the peaceful personality of adolescent Santri.
A Percepção de Marcas de Luxo em uma Era de “Populismo” de Réplicas: um Estudo a Partir da Ancoragem de Preços
Authors: Pereira Jefferson Rodrigues , E Sousa Caissa Veloso , Matos Eliane Bragança de
Published: August 2017

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo investigar o conhecimento das marcas de luxo e suas réplicas a partir da heurística cognitiva de ancoragem com base em preços.  Foram escolhidas 14 marcas de luxo, em que os respondentes da pesquisa atribuíram valor ao produto original e a sua réplica, em duas etapas diferentes. Um total de 134 pessoas, escolhidas pelos critérios de acessibilidade e de conveniência, respondeu a um questionário on line. A primeira etapa da análise dos resultados mostrou, por meio do levantamento de dados extremos, que um significativo percentual de respondentes não conhecia as marcas. A segunda parte da análise mostrou que a ancoragem baseada nos preços das marcas originais funcionou de forma mais realista do que a situação contrária. Com base nestas análises foram feitas sugestões de modificação das estratégias de comunicação e direcionamento das marcas de luxo de maneira a fortalecê-las e a facilitar o combate a pirataria e as falsificações.
FDA Approval Summary: Pembrolizumab for Treatment of Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: First-Line Therapy and Beyond
Authors: Pai-Scherf Lee , Blumenthal Gideon M. , Li Hongshan , Subramaniam Sriram , Mishra-Kalyani Pallavi S. , He Kun , Zhao Hong , Yu Jingyu , Paciga Mark , Goldberg Kirsten B. , McKee Amy E. , Keegan Patricia , Pazdur Richard
Published: August 2017

On October 24, 2016, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved pembrolizumab (Keytruda; Merck & Co., Inc., https://www.merck.com) for treatment of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) whose tumors express programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) as determined by an FDA-approved test, as follows: (a) first-line treatment of patients with mNSCLC whose tumors have high PD-L1 expression (tumor proportion score [TPS] ≥50%), with no epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) genomic tumor aberrations, and (b) treatment of patients with mNSCLC whose tumors express PD-L1 (TPS ≥1%), with disease progression on or after platinum-containing chemotherapy. Patients with EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations should have disease progression on FDA-approved therapy for these aberrations prior to receiving pembrolizumab.

Approval was based on two randomized, open-label, active-controlled trials demonstrating statistically significant improvements in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for patients randomized to pembrolizumab compared with chemotherapy. In KEYNOTE−024, patients with previously untreated mNSCLC who received pembrolizumab (200 mg intravenously [IV] every 3 weeks) had a statistically significant improvement in OS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.41–0.89; p = .005), and significant improvement in PFS (HR 0.50; 95% CI: 0.37–0.68; p < .001). In KEYNOTE-010, patients with disease progression on or after platinum-containing chemotherapy received pembrolizumab IV 2 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, or docetaxel 75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. The HR and p value for OS was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.58–0.88), p < .001 comparing pembrolizumab 2 mg/kg with chemotherapy and the HR and p value for OS was 0.61 (95% CI: 0.49–0.75), p < .001 comparing pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg with chemotherapy.
A Tomada de Decisão com o Iowa Gambling Task
Authors: Paixão Rui Alexandre Paquete
Published: August 2017

Este artigo analisa os padrões de tomada de decisão com Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) e a hipótese do marcador somático. A tarefa experimental com o IGT é apresentada e analisados os resultados obtidos com a população de controlo nos estudos clínicos com esta tarefa onde se evidenciam tomadas de decisão desvantajosas semelhantes às encontradas nas populações clínicas. Estas populações de controlo apresentam características sociodemográficas específicas e relativamente comuns, nomeadamente um baixo nível económico. Considerando estes dados, a hipótese discutida neste trabalho é a de que a experiência de vida estabelecida pela baixa renda pode constituir uma variável fundamental no processo de tomada de decisão.A análise desta variável é feita tomando por referência os resultados obtidos num outro estudo onde estes padrões de decisão aparecem relacionados com essa variável . Nesse estudo, os indivíduos nestas condições evidenciam um padrão de decisão marcado pela escolha sistemática da recompensa imediata, independentemente dos custos futuros dessa decisão. Finalmente, estes padrões são discutidos considerando a sua relação com as experiências de vida marcadas por múltiplas privações.
AUTOESTIMA, AUTOIMAGEM E CONSTITUIÇÃO DA IDENTIDADE: UM ESTUDO COM GRADUANDOS DE PSICOLOGIA
Authors: Vasconcelos Helena Serafim de
Published: August 2017

Esta pesquisa objetivou identificar as possíveis transformações percebidas por estudantes de Psicologia ao longo do curso e o impacto destas na autoestima e na autoimagem. Com um desenho híbrido, realizou-se inicialmente um estudo-piloto de corte transversal analítico, no qual foram encaminhados questionários semiestruturados a 235 estudantes de psicologia de uma instituição sem fins lucrativos da Bahia, por e-mail. Os resultados identificaram um perfil sócio demográfico consonante com a literatura, sendo a maioria de mulheres, entre 16 e 21 anos de idade, heterossexual e autodenominada parda. Na amostra, 73,81% afirmaram melhora na autoestima. Num segundo momento, realizou-se um estudo complementar qualitativo, no qual, através de entrevistas individuais com alunos do último ano, verificou-se que a maioria afirmava percepção de mudança positiva na autoestima e na autoimagem, relacionando-as à experiência do curso de Psicologia. Houve também relatos de amadurecimento pessoal e empoderamento na realização das atividades práticas propostas nas diferentes áreas de estágio curricular, além da formação de identidades profissionais a partir dessas experiências e do curso de graduação.
CytoSelect™ 24-Well Wound Healing Assay v1
Authors: Wittkowski Knut , Dadurian Christina , Sang Kim Hang , Hoshino Ayuko , Lyden David
Published: August 2017

The CytoSelect™ 24-well Wound Healing Assay Kit contains 2 x 24-well plates each containing 12 proprietary treated plastic inserts. The inserts create a wound field with a defined gap of 0.9 mm for measuring the migratory and proliferation rates of cells. Migratory cells are able to extend protrusions and ultimately invade and close the wound field. Cell proliferation and migration rates can be determined using manual fixing and microscopic imaging. A fixing solution is provided for stopping cells at specific time points. Cell stain and DAPI stain are also provided for viewing results with light and fluorescence microscopy.
Finnish Innovations in Medicine and Social Sphere
Authors: Akimova Svetlana L
Published: August 2017

The article presents data collected during the tour dedicated to the medical and social institutions of Finland about new solutions and Finnish innovations in medicine and the social sphere. The article describes the principles of the Finnish health care system, including the work of maternal and child welfare clinics, as well as common European approaches in geriatrics. Thе article describes the features of geriatric services in Finland. It reflects the role of the municipal social services to provide residents of barrier-free environment in their regions. The article presents the facts from the personal experience exploring the Finnish system of medical and social support to older generation focused on the application of the latest scientific developments. The article presents innovative products for comfortable living of older people, including a traveling exhibition of technologies for older people, specialized furniture and household items available in the functional building DoMedi and others. This article describes the function of public and private Finnish services and the Finnish Centre for Elderly, including a Finnish non-profit organization Valli. The article presents the features of a private home for the elderly “Wilhelmiina” in Helsinki and scientific developments behalf Miyna Sillanpää Foundation. The article describes the innovative products, created in the Health Innovation Village at the Finnish office of GE: vacuum therapy device for the treatment of edema, a portable device for the treatment of depression, a sensor for measuring the electrical activity of muscles. The paper presents the solutions offered by the Finnish university hospitals, including personalized medicine technology for patients with cancer, developed at the Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki. The article describes the work of one of the divisions of the institute - Biobank. The article describes the general approach to reform the health care system in Finland.
Results of routine medical examinations of the children’s population of the russian federation in 2014
Authors: Baranov Alexander A. , Namazova-Baranova Leila S. , Terletskaya Rimma N. , Antonova Elena V. , Ustinova Natalya V. , Baibarina Elena N. , Chumakova Olga V.
Published: August 2017

The relevance of this research was determined by the need for enhancement and increase in the efficiency of routine medical examinations of minors in the Russian Federation. The information and statistical materials of medical examination of the children’s population in 2014 in terms of the health of various age groups in a section of federal districts and subjects were studied. The following indicators were studied: coverage of the children’s population by routine medical examination; level and structure of the revealed general and primary morbidity; frequency of dispensary registration; need for additional consultations; and researches and treatment in an outpatient clinic, a day hospital, a hospital with round-the-clock services, and sanatorium organizations as well as coverage by these medical services. A high level of coverage of minors by routine medical examinations was registered. More than one-third of the healthy children’s population passed the medical examination. The revealed general and primary morbidity of the children’s population in more than one-third of subjects is above mean Russian levels. Diseases of the respiratory organs, bone, and muscular and nervous systems are the most common among children, whereas diseases of the bone and muscular system, eyes, and respiratory organs are common among teenagers. Despite the high prevalence of chronic diseases among the children’s population, recommendations for treatment and rehabilitation were given insufficiently during routine medical examinations. Regional characteristics of the medical examination results, which allowed for the identification of the most disadvantaged areas and defects in its organization and the lack of continuity between medical institutions providing this type of service, have been established.
The Analysis of Effectiveness of the Optimized Intensive Care Consultative System of Urgent Medical Care to Children in the Territory of Rostov Region
Authors: Piskunova Svetlana G , Sharshov Fedor G , Prometnoy Dmitry V , Prometnaya Galina A , Eryomenko Vera P
Published: August 2017

Increase of effectiveness of intensive care consultative providing of children is an actual problem.Purpose: the analysis of effectiveness of the optimized system of intensive care consultative providing of the emergency medical care to children in the Rostov region.Methods: the retrospective cohort study, including patients of the of intensive care consultative center (ICCC) is conducted. Databases and log-books of patients of ICCC were analyzed. Research period: 2012-I half of 2016. The studied groups: the 1st – 2012-2014 (before optimization, n = 1124), the 2nd – 2015-2016 (after optimization, n = 1432). Effectiveness was estimated on dynamics of a lethality in intensive care unit (ICU), it is padding – dynamics of number of distant consultations, departures and evacuations.Results: Ninety-seven percent of patients of ICCC are evacuated in the ICU. The lethality decreased from 5,1% – in 2012 to 3% in the I half-year 2016. Increased: the number of distant (telephone) consultations for 119,6% from 572 to 1363 in 2015 in comparison with 2014; consultations near the patients for 37,6% with 237 to 326; a share of departures with the subsequent evacuation from 54,8% (338 of 617) in group 1 to 60,8% (270 of 444; p = 0,050) in group 2; indexes “the number of departures evacuations to departures consultations” to 1,8 in the I half-year 2016 in comparison with 1,2 in 2012 and “number of primary consultations to repeated consultations” to 3,1 in comparison with 2,2. Significant strong negative correlation between an index of a lethality, the relation of number of departures evacuations to departures to consultations (р = 0,028) and the relation of primary distant consultations to repeated is revealed (р = 0,026).Conclusion: optimization of reanimation providing advice allowed to lower a lethality in ICU at increase in a flow of the evacuated patients.
The importance of immunohistochemical examinations for patients with failed IVF-methods
Authors: Abramova Viktorija N. , Gajdukov Sergej N. , Tajc Anna N.
Published: August 2017

Infertility is one of the most acute problems in modern reproductive studies. The theme of research is poorly conceptualized in modern medical literature, and this fact is an additional confirmation of the relevance and scientific significance of this research. With the use of assisted reproductive technology (ART), pregnancy in an infertile marriage became possible. In this article, the authors pay significant attention to the role of the endometrium in the implantation process. To better assess the status of the endometrium, they performed hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy and conducted morphological study of biopsy material and immunohistochemistry analysis. The features, competitive advantages, or disadvantages of every method of research and treatment have also been included in the discussion. Analysis of the results of the immunohistochemical studies revealed the presence of autoimmune chronic endometritis and chronic endometritis without an autoimmune component. Comprehensive examination and treatment resulted in successful pregnancy in 90% of women with failed IVF attempts in anamnesis. At the same time, in 60% of cases the pregnancy resulted in childbirth between 36 and 40 weeks of gestation. During such pregnancies, there are only a few specific features: high risk of miscarriage, fetal defects, and extragenital pathology. Thus, reproductology is in constant search for new methods that are able to further improve the positive results of IVF.
Pathogenic Variants of Urolithiasis
Authors: Baketin Petr S , Mollaev Rashid A , Mazurenko Denis A , Grigoryev Vladislav E , Gadzhiev Nariman K , Obidnyak Vladimir M , Pisarev Alexey V , Tagirov Nair S , Malkhasyan Vigen A , Petrov Sergey B , Popov Sergei V
Published: August 2017

The essence of Urolithiasis - one of the oldest diseases known by the mankind - is still not understood completely. For a long time the comprehension of Urolithiasis was based on matrix, colloid, ionic, inhibitory and precipitation theories. In these cases it was impossible to single out separate pathogenetic patterns. Besides, in spite of the absence of in vivo proofs the fact that new concrement nucleus forming (de novo nucleation) is only possible outside of the stone-forming metastability range should be taken into consideration for metaphilactic purposes. Fortunately, certain progress in understanding Urolithiasis started with the onset of studies devoted to detailed scrutiny of stone-forming patients’ metabolic peculiarities as well as with the introduction into clinical practice of the up-to-date digital endoscopes. Based on existing publications one may classify pathogenesis of stone-forming into 4 major groups: growth of calcium-oxalic stones on Randall’s plaques in patients with hypercalciumuria; excrescences on the of Belliny’s ducts’ “gags”; microlites forming within the internal medullar layer discharging tubules’ lumen in patients with cystineuria; stones forming in free solution. There is no doubt this classification is not the final one, neither does it exclude mixed variants, however better understanding of the aforementioned pathogenic variants would facilitate a novel view at Urolithiasis and in patients with kidney stones would increase anti-relapse measures’ effectiveness.
Blood lipids in athletes depending on the orientation of the training process
Authors: Vasilenko Vladimir S , Semenova Evgeniya S , Semenova Yuliya B
Published: August 2017

Sports form the metabolic response caused by the body’s adaptation to increased physical stress, which leads to the restructuring of metabolism for energy and plastic maintenance of sport activities. The restructuring of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism is caused primarily by the increasing energy request body, depending on type and intensity of sports activity. In this research blood serum lipids were studied depending on the orientation of the training process. A total of 108 athletes (men and women) aged 15 to 20 years of different sports qualification (I sports category, Candidate Master of Sports and Master of Sports) were examined, and a control group of 28 persons of the same age and gender. Depending of the direction of the training process there were isolated 3 groups: cyclical sport that develops mainly endurance (academic rowing); sports of complex nature (football, volleyball, handball and Nordic combined); and complex coordinated sports (artistic gymnastics). Were studied: total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, atherogenic coefficient and triglycerides. The study was conducted in the preparatory period of the training cycle. The research had shown that the level of blood lipids depends on the orientation of training process and sports training. The most marked reduction of total cholesterol and high-density lipoproteins has been observed both in men and women in cyclic kinds of sports, developing mainly stamina that indicates that intense exercise in athletes who train primarily for endurance, cause the connection of lipids to the processes of energy supply of muscle activity.
A Marfanoid Habitus Dyagnostics’ Algorithm And Morfo-Functional Heart Singularities Relevent To This Dysplastic Phenotype
Authors: Timofeev Evgenij V , Zaripov Bajazit I , Malev Eduard G , Zemtsovsky Eduard V
Published: August 2017

Official Russian guidelines for inherited connective tissue diseases distinguish a range of dysplastic phenotypes, with the marfanoid habitus being one of them. The prevalence of the marfanoid habitus and morfometrical heart singularities among the young practically healthy persons were not studied before. Materials and methods of the study: 560 practically healthy young persons aged from 18 to 25 years (average value 19.2 ± 1.4) were examined within the framework of the study. All the persons were subjected to phenotypical and anthropometrical examinations, with a group of 320 persons studied with the Echo-cardiographic procedure specifically aimed at small heart anomalies’ discovery. The study resulted in assessment of the marfanoid habitus among the young persons depending on sex and selected threshold of Dolichostenomelia and arachnodactylia coefficients. It shows that the use of the diagnostic algorithms offered by official Russian recommendations leads to the identification of this state of nearly half practically healthy young male persons. This could cause a hyper-diagnostics among this contingent group. The girls with marfanoid habitus demonstrate alternated morfometrical parameters - greater myocardia mass index, bigger thickness of myocardia, the trend to left cardiac ventricle hypertrophy. The persons with marfanoid habitus also tend to have some cardiac anomalies more frequently (mitral and tricuspidal valve prolapsed, left ventricular false tendons, foramen ovale).
Lipolysis In Lacto Trophy Of Newborn And 1-Year Infant
Authors: Model’ Galina Yu. , Korot’ko Gennadii F.
Published: August 2017

Lipolysis is accomplished sequentially and simultaneously by lipase in saliva and gastric juice in the infant’s stomach as inductors in autolytic digestion by bile-dependent lipase in breast milk and colipase-dependent pancreatic lipase in the ileum. Lipase was determined in blood serum of women in labor, in umbilical cord blood, in water, and in infant gastric content. According to the data obtained, the initial lipolysis potential of newborns is significantly lower than that of the mothers. It is developed during the first half of pregnancy so gestation period does not have a significant effect on it. Over a year of lactation period, the breast milk steatolytic activity decreases, with a lower rate compared with other breast hydrolytic activities. If the steatolytic activity is low during the first month of lactation, it increases during the succeeding 4–5 months. In cases when steatolytic activity is high initially, it decreased during the following months. This indicates that the lipase content level has an effect on lipolysis at lactotrophy. Additional food and specifically bottle feeding strongly increased the steatolytic activity of duodenal content because of lipase exosecretion stimulation in the pancreas. In contrast, the steatolytic activity is decreased when mixed feeding is introduced. Assessment of lipolysis potential is important in choosing the feeding type for newborns and infants.
Nursing and rehabilitation of very preterm infants: current state of the problem
Authors: Khmilevskaya Svetlana A , Zryachkin Nikolay I , Shcherbatyuk Ekaterina S , Ermolaeva Elena I , Rebrova Anastasiya A
Published: August 2017

The article deals with basic ethiopathogenetic factors of birth of extremely premature infants, their malconditions, disease incidence. The authors give live birth criteria adopted in Russia in 2011 according to WHO recommendations. The article presents basic ethiologic factors of prematurely born and the role of intrauterine infection (IUI) in the pathogenesis of this condition, also survival rate, mortality and adverse outcomes. These literatures devoted to the international experience of nursing of such children and forecasting of viability of newborns in the viability limit zone (VLZ) are provided. Reflects the basic malconditions typical of children with very low (VLBW) and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) and leading to disability (damage to the nervous, respiratory system, analysis unit, etc). It is shown significance of IUI in the formation of infectious and inflammatory diseases (IID), the place and especially the innate immune system in the implementation of anti-infectious protection and ways of its correction in severe forms of EWI. Need of development of the differentiated programs of the treatment-and-prophylactic actions directed to correction of critical conditions and simplification of a course of the developed diseases is proved.
Russia’s first POEM in the treatment of achalasia in children
Authors: Korolev Mikhail P. , Fedotov Leonid E. , Ogloblin Alexandr L. , Kopyakov Alexander L. , Mamedov Shokhrat D. , Fedotov Boris L. , Baranov Dmitriy G.
Published: August 2017

The article describes various methods of treatment of achalasia, for example, endoscopic balloon pneumatic dilation that extends the lower esophageal sphincter, injection of botulinum toxin that decreases cardia tone, minimally invasive endoscopic methods in combination with medicinal therapy, and surgical treatment of patients at the fourth stage of the disease that promotes good or satisfactory clinical results in 98.2% of patients. The present study also introduces an optimal algorithm for the examination of patients with suspected achalasiocardia. X-ray diagnostics and endoscopic examination were used to verify the diagnosis. All these methods ensure timely and correct diagnosis, determining also the stage of the disease development. Stage-wise diagnostics in Russia are mostly based on the classification suggested by B.V. Petrovsky in 1962. This classification is founded upon X-ray examination of the esophagus due to its simplicity and availability. The article also presents a completely novel approach for the treatment of achalasiocardia in Russia, that is, peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM).This method of endoscopic operation has been used in our clinic since 2014 for adult patients, and in 2016, it has been for the first time in Russia performed on a child. A clinical example of achalasiocardia in a child is presented as well as diagnostic methods, medicinal treatment, and the use of balloon pneumatic dilation resulting in a recurrence that subsequently demanded peroral endoscopic myotomy. This minimally invasive endoscopic operation nowadays is highly effective and prospective for the treatment of achalasiocardia in both adults and children.
Actual problems of measles
Authors: Timchenko Vladimir N , Kaplina Tatyana A , Leonicheva Olga A , Bulina Oksana V , Hakizimana Jean-Claude , Timofeeva Elena V
Published: August 2017

Measles is still an major public health problem in many countries. According to the World Health Organization, up to 3 million measles cases were recorded annually. Measles was one of the main causes of death among young children in the pre-vaccine period. More than 10 million children died of measles every year throughout the world. In 2014, on a global scale, there were 114 900 deaths from measles almost 314 deaths per day or 13 deaths per hour. The main cause of death from measles are complications from the respiratory tract (pneumonia), the central nervous system (meningitis, encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, encephalomyelitis), gastrointestinal tract (diarrhea). Between 2000 and 2014, mass measles vaccination reduced global measles mortality rate by 79%, and about 17.1 million children's lives were saved. However, measles still remains endemic and, one of the leading causes of childhood mortality in developing countries as a result of lack of immunization policies. Up to 98% of measles mortality are registered in developing countries, such India, Bangladesh, Nigeria, RDC, etc. If in the pre-vaccine period, measles affected predominantly children aged less than five years, the global immunization era led to a change in the measles-age-category pattern. The increase measles occurency in adults is due to the loss of protective antibodies, that last generally for 10 to 15 years after vaccination in only 36% of the vaccinees. Complications due to measles in adolescents and adults are most likely than in children. However, immunocompetent individuals may have repeated measles infections. The possibility of transplacental transmission of the disease: measles in pregnant women leads to a higher risk of premature birth, spontaneous abortion, congenital malformations, and with a woman at the end of pregnancy intrauterine infection and the birth of a child with signs of measles. In the absence of specific anti-measles antibodies in the mother, the child may become ill in theantenatal period. Differential diagnosis of measles is carried out with infections that occur with exanthema syndrome (parvovirus B19, sudden exanthema, etc.). Etiotropic therapy is carried out with preparations of recombinant interferon (viferon, etc.). Doses of drugs and the duration of treatment are determined by the severity of the disease. Pathogenetic and symptomatic therapy is strongly recommended.
Próteses Livres de Metal: Revisão de Literatura
Authors: Pierote Josué Junior Araujo , Porta Lais Cortelazzi , Barbosa Isabel Ferreira , Nóbilo Mauro Antônio de Arruda , Paulillo Luis Alexandre Maffei Sartini
Published: August 2017

Devido aos padrões estéticos atuais, que visam um sorriso branco e alinhado e um aumento da valorização e enfoque desses atributos pela mídiae pela sociedade, ocorreu nos últimos anos uma rápida evolução no que se diz respeito às próteses livres de metal. Por outro lado, juntamentecom o ganho estético decorrido desse material, houve também a perda de resistência e aumento de friabilidade devido à redução de fasecristalina. Para evitar fracassos decorrentes de falhas técnicas, pesquisas são desenvolvidas, a fim de proporcionar melhor adaptação e adesãoà superfície dental, bem como a obtenção de materiais mais estéticos e resistentes. O objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar revisão de literaturae reunir informações atuais sobre as cerâmicas utilizadas na confecção de próteses livres de metal e aprofundar o entendimento do uso dasporcelanas, em cada situação clínica. Foram analisados artigos publicados sobre o assunto, no Pubmed e Medline, nos últimos vinte anos. Pormeio dos estudos selecionados foi possível concluir que existem diversos tipos de cerâmicas utilizadas em próteses livres de metal; que o usode cada material vai depender da estética, resistência desejada e localização da prótese em boca e que a tecnologia CAD/CAM elevou o níveldas próteses dependendo de seu material, podendo ter esta a resistência semelhante às metalocerâmicas.Palavras-chave: Prótese Dentária. Estética Dentária. Cerâmica.