bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assistência de enfermagem às crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista
Authors: Costa Adriane Nascimento da , Silva Andreia Sousa da , Pinheiro Enrico Gustavo Mescouto , Bentes Jéssica Cristie Corrêa , Queiroz Letícia Tainá Gomes
Published: June 2024

Transtorno do Espectro Autístico (TEA) ou Transtorno Autístico (TA), popularmente conhecido como autismo, têm por característica ser uma síndrome que interfere no neurodesenvolvimento da criança. Objetivo: Analisar na literatura a intervenção de assistência em cuidados de enfermagem com crianças com TEA. Metodologia: Trata-se da realização de uma revisão narrativa de literatura de abordagem qualitativa e de natureza exploratória. Utilizou-se base de dados nas plataformas. Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) via Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e Sistema Online de Busca e Análise de Literatura Médica (MEDLINE) via PubMed. Determinando o período de 2020 a 2024. Resultados: foram encontradas 35 publicações, após submeter ao critério de inclusão e exclusão, foram identificadas 20 publicações que fazem parte deste estudo. Considerações finais: a assistência de enfermagem, envolvem projeto terapêutico, com terapias específicas, esta síntese resumida da discussão dos autores venha contribuir para o conhecimento das diversas especificidades de assistências que o profissional de saúde, assiste a criança com TEA. se faz necessário habilidade de curso de treinamentos e ações com novos métodos de cuidados, tanto na atenção à saúde como na prática clínica. Os autores, ressaltam em seus estudos a dificuldade de atuação dos enfermeiros nas práticas clínicas.
Uma revisão das definições de “esforço” nos artigos publicados no Journal of the Experimental Behavior Analysis (JEAB) e Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (JABA)
Authors: Teixeira Luan Mendes , Tsutsumi Myenne Mieko Ayres , Silva Thays da Cruz , Luiz André Connor de Méo , Santos Julia Röcker dos
Published: June 2024

Por meio de uma revisão da literatura, este trabalho mapeou as concepções analítico comportamentais de “esforço” apresentadas nos dois primeiros periódicos especializados em análise do comportamento: JEAB e JABA. O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar, organizar e apresentar diferentes conceituações da definição de esforço nas publicações analítico-comportamentais, bem como categorizar as manipulações experimentais utilizadas para investigar essa variável em estudos publicados no JEAB e no JABA. Foram selecionados artigos que delimitavam “esforço” como uma das variáveis experimentais. Foram encontradas quatro categorias de definições de “esforço”: (1) esforço como exigências do esquema de reforço; (2) esforço como exigência física requerida para cada resposta; (3) esforço como requisitos de distância ou altura; (4) esforço como complexidade geral da tarefa. Observou-se maior preponderância de manipulações da Categoria 2 nos artigos do JEAB, e da Categoria 3 no JABA. A despeito da variedade nas definições de esforço, observa-se que (a) é um conceito que descreve uma característica intrínseca da resposta se considerarmos que qualquer ação exige algum nível de esforço e que (b) sua definição varia de acordo com o arranjo de contingências no qual o organismo se comporta.
Enriquecimento proteico de resíduos agroindustriais por fermentação semissólida a partir de Lentinus tigrinus
Authors: Benevides Raquel Guimarães , Brandão Luiz Gustavo Neves , Santos Matheus Batista dos
Published: June 2024

Seleção de diferentes microrganismos e substratos são importantes desafios para viabilizar potenciais resíduos para alimentação animal. Diante disso, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da fermentação semissólida (FSS) com o fungo Lentinus tigrinus no enriquecimento proteico e degradação das frações fibrosas de diferentes resíduos agroindustriais para alimentação animal. As cepas foram repicadas por 7 dias até crescimento visível do micélio e posteriormente inoculadas nos substratos. Cinco tipos de resíduos agroindustriais foram usados como substrato: Bagaço de cana (BC), coproduto do desfibramento do sisal (CDS), feno do CDS, resíduo seco de cervejaria (RCS) e resíduo úmido de cervejaria (RUC). Amostras do substrato sem inócuo e após a FSS foram coletadas para análise bromatológica em triplicata. Os teores de MS não apresentaram grandes índices de perdas durante o período de 24 horas, mantendo um valor muito próximo ao inicial em todos os resíduos. Foi observado um enriquecimento proteico nos cinco tipos de resíduos agroindustriais estudados usando FSS por L. tigrinus com destaque para o resíduo úmido de cervejaria, 50%. Foi também neste substrato que houve significativa redução de lignina (17%) sob as condições estabelecidas. Todos os resíduos deste estudo podem ser usados como substrato para o enriquecimento protéico e destinados como alimentos para animais. Todavia, o resíduo de cervejaria e o coproduto do desfibramento do sisal, nas diferentes formas avaliadas, se destacaram.
A abordagem terapêutica de câncer de colo de útero em gestantes: Uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Siniscalchi Giulia Carvalho , Penha Letícia Lencione , Reis Julia dos
Published: June 2024

É delimitado como câncer na gestação, aquele que é detectado desde as primeiras semanas até 12 meses de puerpério, tendo como base as mudanças fisiológicas que ocorrem durante a gravidez, que estão relacionadas com alterações hormonais. A terapêutica ainda não definida com precisão para os casos de cânceres ginecológicos, gera incerteza na equipe médica e danos psicológicos na paciente, que vive a dualidade entre o temor do diagnóstico e a hesitação quanto à maternidade. Portanto, averiguar estratégias para conduzir adequadamente o tratamento dessas pacientes, garantirá uma melhora de prognóstico e bem estar materno e fetal. O objetivo do presente trabalho é listar e avaliar as alternativas terapêuticas que são indicadas para mulheres que sofrem de câncer cervical durante a gestação em seus variados períodos. Esse estudo é uma revisão sistemática de literatura, baseada nos estudos presentes nas plataformas Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), PubMed. Artigos de até 10 anos fizeram parte da verificação presente neste estudo (2013-2023). Serão usadas as palavras: gestação, câncer cervical, tratamento e prognóstico. Espera-se obter como resultado uma classificação das condutas, baseadas no melhor prognóstico da doença, evolução do feto e manutenção da gestação a fim de evitar complicações materno-fetais.
A uberização e relação de emprego: Uma análise acerca da flexibilização e proteção social
Authors: Américo Lana Larissa Ribeiro Jorge
Published: June 2024

A história do trabalho humano tem sido marcada por transformações influenciadas pela evolução dos meios de produção e demandas sociais. No Brasil, o aumento do desemprego levou muitos à informalidade, com destaque para aplicativos de transporte e entrega. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o impacto da uberização na definição da relação de trabalho, com foco nos requisitos da relação de emprego e na situação dos motoristas de aplicativos, considerando os possíveis caminhos da regulamentação trabalhista. A metodologia utilizada para realizar este estudo é uma pesquisa documental, qualitativa e reflexiva. O estudo examina a legislação trabalhista brasileira, que define a relação de emprego com base em pessoalidade, não eventualidade, remuneração e subordinação jurídica. A uberização, caracterizada pela flexibilização e desregulamentação, apresenta desafios regulatórios e econômicos. Casos jurisprudenciais mostram divergências na interpretação do vínculo empregatício entre motoristas e plataformas digitais, com decisões tanto a favor quanto contra o reconhecimento desse vínculo. Essa decisão poderá redefinir a legislação trabalhista frente às novas formas de trabalho. A uberização, embora ofereça alternativas de emprego, também apresenta riscos de precarização laboral. É essencial uma abordagem equilibrada que proteja os direitos dos trabalhadores enquanto aproveita os benefícios da inovação tecnológica.
COMPARISON OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTIVENESS OF GARLIC EXTRACT AND THE ANTIBIOTIC CLINDAMYCIN ON THE GROWTH OF THE BACTERIA PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNES AND STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIDIS
Authors: Prabowo Imam , Malona Daniel Natanael , Puspita Oktania Sandra
Published: June 2024

Acne vulgaris is an inflammatory disorder of pilosebaceous glands caused by an increase in sebum production, abnormal follicle keratinization, and colonization of positive gram P. acnes and S. epidermidis bacteria. Clindamycin antibiotic resistance has been reported because it is used to bacteria that cause acne vulgaris. Garlic extract has antimicrobial properties called allicin. This study aimed to determine the in vitro antimicrobial effectiveness of garlic extract in the growth of P. acnes and S. epidermidis. The samples of this study are garlic extract. This study was a true experimental study conducted using disc diffusion method with Mueller Hinton Agar. The zone of inhibition was observed on all groups of P. acnes and S. epidermidis in all tested concentrations with allicin concentration of 256µg/ml showing the widest zone of inhibition. Statistical analysis using the One- Way ANOVA resulted in (p)<0.005. Conclusively, garlic extract was effective in inhibiting the growth of P. acnes and S. epidermidis.
Sclerostin modulates mineralization degree and stiffness profile in the fibrocartilaginous enthesis for mechanical tissue integrity
Authors: Yambe Shinsei , Yoshimoto Yuki , Ikeda Kazutaka , Maki Koichiro , Takimoto Aki , Tokuyama Akihide , Higuchi Shinnosuke , Yu Xinyi , Uchibe Kenta , Miura Shigenori , Watanabe Hitomi , Sakuma Tetsushi , Yamamoto Takashi , Tanimoto Kotaro , Kondoh Gen , Kasahara Masataka , Mizoguchi Toshihide , Docheva Denitsa , Adachi Taiji , Shukunami Chisa
Published: June 2024

Fibrocartilaginous entheses consist of tendons, unmineralized and mineralized fibrocartilage, and subchondral bone, each exhibiting varying stiffness. Here we examined the functional role of sclerostin, expressed in mature mineralized fibrochondrocytes. Following rapid mineralization of unmineralized fibrocartilage and concurrent replacement of epiphyseal hyaline cartilage by bone, unmineralized fibrocartilage reexpanded after a decline in alkaline phosphatase activity at the mineralization front. Sclerostin was co-expressed with osteocalcin at the base of mineralized fibrocartilage adjacent to subchondral bone. In Scx-deficient mice with less mechanical loading due to defects of the Achilles tendon, sclerostin+ fibrochondrocyte count significantly decreased in the defective enthesis where chondrocyte maturation was markedly impaired in both fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage. Loss of the Sost gene, encoding sclerostin, elevated mineral density in mineralized zones of fibrocartilaginous entheses. Atomic force microscopy analysis revealed increased fibrocartilage stiffness. These lines of evidence suggest that sclerostin in mature mineralized fibrochondrocytes acts as a modulator for mechanical tissue integrity of fibrocartilaginous entheses.
Efficacy and safety of the Chinese herbal medicine Bu-Shen-Huo-Xue granule for the treatment of coronary heart disease: study protocol for a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Liu Lanchun , Wang Jie , Li Jun , Li Xiao , Li Rong , Liu Yongmei , Yang Guang , Mao Qiyuan , Wang Lin , Yao Zhengyang , Wang Yongcheng , Zong Shuli , Liu Chao
Published: June 2024

Background

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is representative of cardiovascular disease and the leading cause of death in humans. Previous studies have shown that kidney disease is associated with CHD, and current treatment options that can improve both cardiac and renal functions still have some limitations. The traditional Chinese medicine Bu-Shen-Huo-Xue granule (BSHXG) can promote blood rheology, inhibit platelet agglutination, and improve heart and kidney functions.

Methods

This is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of 210 participants will be randomized to the intervention group and the placebo group. The Guang’anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences is the leading center, and the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Chinese Medicine and the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine are the participating units. In addition to conventional pharmacotherapy for angina, the intervention group will receive BSHXG while the placebo group will receive BSHXG placebo. All participants will receive 2 months of treatment with 6 months of follow-up. The primary outcome is the efficacy of angina pectoris symptoms in CHD. Secondary outcomes are nitroglycerin arrest, ECG efficacy, Seattle Angina Questionnaire score, serology indicators, assessment of safety, and cardiovascular endpoint events. The transcriptome and metabolome will be used to screen biomarkers for diagnosis and efficacy evaluation.

Discussion

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Bu-Shen-Huo-Xue granule in the treatment of coronary heart disease, and to evaluate the benefits to patients with coronary heart disease from both cardiac and renal indicators.

Trial registration

This trial is approved by the Ethical Review Committee of the Guang’anmen Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences with the number 2022-224-KY-01, and has been registered on the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry with the number ChiCTR2300070977 on 27 April 2023.
Characterization and fractal characteristics of nano-scale pore structure in shale gas reservoirs: a case study of the deep Longmaxi Formation, Zigong region, Southern Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: Zhao Chenxu , Bao Zhidong , Li Zhongcheng , Qi You , Chen Li , Wang Hailong , Zhang Yu , Fang Feifei
Published: June 2024

Taking the Longmaxi deep-marine shale gas reservoir in Zigong region as the research target, this paper aimed to characterize the nano-scale pore structure and investigate the reservoirs’ heterogeneity based on fractal theory. By conducting a series of experimental studies, mainly including TOC, XRD, gas adsorption (N2 and CH4), we were able to clarify the main controlling factors for the heterogeneity of deep shale pore structure. Our results indicated that the deep marine shale possessed a significant amount of organic matter, as the average TOC value is 3.68%. The XRD analysis results show that quartz and clay were the main mineral types, and the total content of these two minerals averaged 77.5%. Positive correlations were observed between TOC and quartz, while TOC decreases as the clay mineral increases, this discovery indicating that quartz is biogenic. Based on FHH (Frenkele-Halseye-Hill) method, by using the LTNA adsorption isotherms, we took relative pressure P/P0=0.5 as the boundary, then two separate fractal dimension were deduced, D1 and D2 represent the fractal characteristics of small and large pores, respectively. Our study revealed that both D1 and D2 demonstrated positive correlations with N2 adsorption pore volume and adsorption specific surface area, while negatively correlated with the adsorption average pore diameter. Moreover, the two fractal dimensions showed positive associations with TOC and quartz and negative associations with clay. Additionally, D1 and D2 also demonstrated a positive correlation with Langmuir volume. The presence of micropores was found to significantly influence the formation of an irregular pore structure in shale. As the pore size decreased, the adsorption specific surface area increased, resulting in a more intricate pore structure, and the fractal dimension of the pores elevated, ultimately. This intricate structure is beneficial for the accumulation of shale gas. These research findings offer valuable insights for the comprehensive assessment of deep shale gas, and enrich our knowledge of enrichment mechanisms in deep shale gas reservoirs.
Impact of active learning instruction in blended learning on students' anxiety levels and performance
Authors: Li Bo , Yu Jiajing , Sun Lichen , Yang Hongze
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Contemporary educational research has extensively explored the link between anxiety and student performance, yet there's a gap in understanding this relationship in classrooms with varying levels of active learning. This study aims to establish connections between instructional design, anxiety levels, and student performance, ultimately creating a comprehensive theoretical framework.

Methods

This study was conducted during the pandemic. Data from 186 respondents at Northeast Forestry University were collected through an online survey, and 25 students were randomly selected for interviews to gather feedback. In the practical application of the introductory course “Basics Product Design,” the Rain Class software was used to facilitate an active learning environment. Data from the online survey were organized in SPSS, then imported into the structural model framework in AMOS to calculate fit indices and other values to test hypotheses, applying structural equation modeling. Additionally, the relationship between anxiety levels and student performance was analyzed based on data from five classes using different instructional designs.

Results

The results indicated that cold calling was significantly positively correlated with anxiety levels (SE = 0.632, P < 0.001), group work was significantly positively correlated with anxiety (SE = 0.166, P < 0.05), clickers were not significantly positively correlated with anxiety (SE = 0.188, P > 0.05), and anxiety levels were not significantly negatively correlated with student performance (SE = −0.306, P > 0.05). Mediation effect tests revealed that anxiety levels fully mediated the relationship between the use of clickers and student performance. Comparing student performance and anxiety levels across the five classes, the relationship between anxiety levels and student performance did not show a simple positive or negative correlation but followed a fluctuating curve, with an interval of anxiety levels that promotes student performance.

Discussion

In a blended learning environment, different designs and frequencies of active learning activities can lead to varying levels of anxiety, which in turn affect student performance. One prominent factor in increasing student anxiety is cold calling. The findings can serve as a basis for teachers to design educational plans, helping to create classroom environments that foster active participation and maintain a positive state among students. Furthermore, in this instructional environment, it is worth further investigating the factors influencing student anxiety and the impact of anxiety on student academic performance.
A rapid action plan to improve diagnosis and management of lipodystrophy syndromes
Authors: Fourman Lindsay T. , Lima Josivan Gomes , Simha Vinaya , Cappa Marco , Alyaarubi Saif , Montenegro Renan , Akinci Baris , Santini Ferruccio
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Lipodystrophy syndromes are rare diseases that can present with a broad range of symptoms. Delays in diagnosis are common, which in turn, may predispose to the development of severe metabolic complications and end-organ damage. Many patients with lipodystrophy syndromes are only diagnosed after significant metabolic abnormalities arise. Prompt action by clinical teams may improve disease outcomes in lipodystrophy syndromes. The aim of the Rapid Action Plan is to serve as a set of recommendations from experts that can support clinicians with limited experience in lipodystrophy syndromes.

Methods

The Rapid Action Plan was developed using insights gathered through a series of advisory meetings with clinical experts in lipodystrophy syndromes. A skeleton template was used to facilitate interviews. A consensus document was developed, reviewed, and approved by all experts.

Results

Lipodystrophy is a clinical diagnosis. The Rapid Action Plan discusses tools that can help diagnose lipodystrophy syndromes. The roles of clinical and family history, physical exam, patient and family member photos, routine blood tests, leptin levels, skinfold measurements, imaging studies, and genetic testing are explored. Additional topics such as communicating the diagnosis to the patients/families and patient referrals are covered. A set of recommendations regarding screening and monitoring for metabolic diseases and end-organ abnormalities is presented. Finally, the treatment of lipodystrophy syndromes is reviewed.

Discussion

The Rapid Action Plan may assist clinical teams with the prompt diagnosis and holistic work-up and management of patients with lipodystrophy syndromes, which may improve outcomes for patients with this rare disease.
Transforming body composition with semaglutide in adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Rodríguez Jiménez Beatriz , Rodríguez de Vera Gómez Pablo , Belmonte Lomas Samuel , Mesa Díaz Ángel Manuel , Caballero Mateos Irene , Galán Irene , Morales Portillo Cristóbal , Martínez-Brocca María Asunción
Published: June 2024

Background

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor-agonists (GLP-1ra), such as semaglutide, have emerged as promising treatments, demonstrating sustained weight reduction and metabolic benefits. This study aims to assess the impact of oral and subcutaneous semaglutide on body composition and metabolic parameters in patients with T2DM and obesity.

Methods

A 24-week quasi-experimental retrospective study including adults with T2DM and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) who were treated with either daily-oral or weekly-subcutaneous semaglutide. Body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis, evaluating fat mass, fat-free mass, total body water, skeletal muscle mass, and whole-body phase angle. Analytical parameters included lipid profile and glycaemic control. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS v.26.

Results

Participants (n=88) experienced significant weight loss after treatment with semaglutide (9.5% in subcutaneous, 9.4% in oral, P<0.001). Weight reduction primarily resulted from fat mass reduction without substantial lean mass compromise. Visceral fat area decreased, whiles phase-angle remained stable. Improvements in lipid profiles and glycaemic control were observed, with a decrease in both HbA1c and insulin requirements. Multivariate analysis demonstrated comparable impacts of oral and subcutaneous semaglutide on body composition.

Conclusion

Semaglutide, administered orally or subcutaneously, demonstrated positive effects on body composition, metabolic and glycaemic control in patients with T2DM and obesity. This real-world study highlights the potential of bioelectrical impedance analysis in assessing antidiabetic drugs’ impact on body composition, providing valuable insights for future research and clinical applications.
Characterisation of negative social impact risks within pre-deployment carbon dioxide utilisation projects
Authors: Newman Alex J. K. , Rothman Rachael H. , Styring Peter
Published: June 2024

As the youngest of the three sub-fields within sustainability assessment, development of social impact assessment lags behind life cycle and techno-economic assessments. This is manifested in comparatively lacking methodological maturity. The calculation of impact indicator results, achieved through the use of characterisation models, is a prime example of the field’s immaturity. This research initially identifies current methodologies observed within social impact assessment. This reveals that impact pathway characterisation models, analogous to those seen in life cycle assessment, have primarily been neglected; instead, research has been focused on less reproducible and more subjective reference scale approaches. Redressing this balance, a set of seven UNEP and SETAC indicators are evaluated, developing novel impact pathway-based characterisation models. Focussing on the effects of stimulating and de-stimulating factors on indicators, identifying hotspots where negative social impacts are likely to arise. The presented methodologies are tailored to applications involving the assessment of potential carbon dioxide utilisation (CDU) value chains. This focus results in open access characterisation models that are indiscriminate of technology readiness level, requiring no primary process data. Data from the World Bank and its partner organisations are utilised, generating complete results across all indicators for 129 countries. Development of these quantifiable characterisation models delivers significant value in the standardisation of assessment procedure and facilitates inter-assessment comparability, a benefit to stakeholders ranging from practitioners to commissioners.
Integrating non-renewable energy consumption, geopolitical risks, economic development with the ecological intensity of wellbeing: evidence from quantile regression analysis
Authors: Khurshid Nabila , Egbe Chinyere Emmanuel , Akram Nabila
Published: June 2024

Introduction: This study delves into the intricate relationship between non-renewable energy sources, economic advancement, and the ecological footprint of well-being in Pakistan, spanning the years from 1980 to 2021.

Methods: Employing the quantile regression model, we analyzed the co-integrating dynamics among the variables under scrutiny. Non-renewable energy sources were dissected into four distinct components—namely, gas, electricity, and oil consumption—facilitating a granular examination of their impacts.

Results and discussion: Our empirical investigations reveal that coal, gas, and electricity consumption exhibit a negative correlation with the ecological footprint of well-being. Conversely, coal consumption and overall energy consumption show a positive association with the ecological footprint of well-being. Additionally, the study underscores the detrimental impact of geopolitical risks on the ecological footprint of well-being. Our findings align with the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, positing that environmental degradation initially surges with economic development, subsequently declining as a nation progresses economically. Consequently, our research advocates for Pakistan’s imperative to prioritize the adoption of renewable energy sources as it traverses its developmental trajectory. This strategic pivot towards renewables, encompassing hydroelectric, wind, and solar energy, not only seeks to curtail environmental degradation but also endeavors to foster a cleaner and safer ecological milieu.
Association between systemic immunity-inflammation index and psoriasis among outpatient US adults
Authors: Ding Qike , Li Xiaoting , Lin Lihong , Xie Xiaoping , Jing Wenjuan , Chen Xinyu , Chen Jiadong , Lu Tao
Published: June 2024

Background

Psoriasis is a chronic dermatological condition characterized by a complex pathogenesis that impacts approximately 3% of adults in the United States and brings enormous social burdens. For many diseases, the systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII), defined as neutrophils × platelets/lymphocytes, has been recognized as a prognostic indicator. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study to assess the association between SII and psoriasis among outpatient US adults.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, we used data on the US adults 20 to 59 years of age from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2003–2006 and 2009–2014. Sample-weighted logistic regression and stratified analysis of subgroups were used.

Results

Among the 16,831 adults, there were 8,801 women and 8,030 men, with a psoriasis prevalence rate of 3.0%. A fully adjusted model revealed a positive association between a SII higher than 479.15 × 109/L and a high risk of psoriasis. According to subgroup analysis and interaction testing (p for interaction > 0.05), age, sex, alcohol drinking status, marital status, and body mass index (BMI) were not significantly correlated with this positive association.

Conclusion

Our findings suggested that SII higher than 479.15 × 109/L was positively associated with a high risk of psoriasis among outpatient US adults. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first cross-sectional study using NHANES data focused on the risk of higher SII on psoriasis among outpatient US adults. The outcomes of this cross-sectional serve to supplement previous research, indicating a need for larger-scale prospective cohorts for further validation.
Clinical features associated with the presence of anti-Ro52 and anti-Ro60 antibodies in Jo-1 antibody-positive anti-synthetase syndrome
Authors: Yamaguchi Koichi , Tang Qi , Poland Paul , Reay Daniel P. , Gregory Alyssa , Aggarwal Rohit , Oddis Chester V. , Ascherman Dana P.
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Anti-SSA antibodies target two unrelated proteins, Ro52 (E3 ligase) and Ro60 (RNA binding protein). Previous studies indicate that anti-Ro52 antibodies are frequently associated with various myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs)–including anti-tRNA synthetase antibodies—and that the coexistence of MSAs and anti-Ro52 antibodies may portend worse clinical outcomes. Although not well-described in the setting of myositis, work from our animal model of HRS (histidyl-tRNA synthetase)-induced myositis suggests that anti-Ro60 antibodies may also be linked to specific MSAs such as anti-HRS/Jo-1. We therefore aimed to demonstrate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of Ro52 and Ro60 antibody positivity in patients possessing Jo-1 antibodies.

Methods

To establish the immunological link between anti-synthetase, anti-Ro52, and anti-Ro60 antibodies, we evaluated the relative titers of these antibodies in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of mice following immunization with HRS/Jo-1. In parallel, we used ELISA-based approaches to assess sera from 177 anti-Jo1 antibody-positive patients for the presence of anti-Ro52 and/or anti-Ro60 antibodies. We then determined statistical associations between co-existing anti-Jo-1, anti-Ro52, and/or anti-Ro60 antibodies and clinical manifestations associated with the anti-synthetase syndrome.

Results

Mice immunized with HRS had higher levels of anti-Ro52 and anti-Ro60 antibodies in serum and BALF than PBS-immunized mice. In 177 anti-Jo-1 antibody-positive patients, the prevalence of anti-Ro52 and anti-Ro60 antibodies was 36% and 15%, respectively. The frequency of dry eye/dry mouth, interstitial pneumonia, and pulmonary events over time differed between patients with various combinations of anti-Ro52 and anti-Ro60 antibodies. While anti-Ro52 antibodies generally correlated with statistically significant increases in each of these clinical manifestations, the presence of Ro60 antibodies alone was associated with decreased frequency of ILD.

Discussion

Anti-Ro52 and/or anti-Ro60 antibodies are often co-expressed with anti-Jo1 antibodies, defining clinical subsets with different disease course/outcomes.
NECA alleviates inflammatory responses in diabetic retinopathy through dendritic cell toll-like receptor signaling pathway
Authors: Li Lanjiao , Chen Jichun , Wang Zhenyan , Xu Yan , Yao Hao , Lei Wulong , Zhou Xiyuan , Zheng Minming
Published: June 2024

Introduction

This study examined the impact of 5’-(N- ethylcarboxamido)adenosine (NECA) in the peripheral blood of healthy individuals, those with diabetes mellitus, diabetic retinopathy (DR), and C57BL/6 mice, both in vivo and in vitro.

Methods

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and flow cytometry (FCM) were used to evaluate the effects of NECA on dendritic cells (DCs) and mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and the effects of NECA-treated DCs on Treg and Th17 cells. The effect of NECA on the Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway in DCs was evaluated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blotting (WB).

Results

FCM and ELISA showed that NECA inhibited the expression of surface markers of DCs and BMDCs, increased anti-inflammatory cytokines and decreased proinflammatory cytokines. PCR and WB showed that NCEA decreased mRNA transcription and protein expression in the TLR-4-MyD88-NF-kβ pathway in DCs and BMDCs. The DR severity in streptozocin (STZ) induced diabetic mice was alleviated. NECA-treated DCs and BMDCs were co-cultivated with CD4+T cells, resulting in modulation of Treg and Th17 differentiation, along with cytokine secretion alterations.

Conclusion

NECA could impair DCs’ ability to present antigens and mitigate the inflammatory response, thereby alleviating the severity of DR.
Complex patterns of genetic structure in the sea cucumber Holothuria (Metriatyla) scabra from the Philippines: implications for aquaculture and fishery management
Authors: Lal Monal M. , Macahig Deo A. S. , Juinio-Meñez Marie A. , Altamirano Jon P. , Noran-Baylon Roselyn , de la Torre-de la Cruz Margarita , Villamor Janine L. , Gacura Jonh Rey L. , Uy Wilfredo H. , Mira-Honghong Hanzel , Southgate Paul C. , Ravago-Gotanco Rachel
Published: June 2024

The sandfish Holothuria (Metriatyla) scabra, is a high-value tropical sea cucumber harvested from wild stocks for over four centuries in multi-species fisheries across its Indo-Pacific distribution, for the global bêche-de-mer (BDM) trade. Within Southeast Asia, the Philippines is an important centre of the BDM trade, however overharvesting and largely open fishery management have resulted in declining catch volumes. Sandfish mariculture has been developed to supplement BDM supply and assist restocking efforts; however, it is heavily reliant on wild populations for broodstock supply. Consequently, to inform fishery, mariculture, germplasm and translocation management policies for both wild and captive resources, a high-resolution genomic audit of 16 wild sandfish populations was conducted, employing a proven genotyping-by-sequencing approach for this species (DArTseq). Genomic data (8,266 selectively-neutral and 117 putatively-adaptive SNPs) were used to assess fine-scale genetic structure, diversity, relatedness, population connectivity and local adaptation at both broad (biogeographic region) and local (within-biogeographic region) scales. An independent hydrodynamic particle dispersal model was also used to assess population connectivity. The overall pattern of population differentiation at the country level for H. scabra in the Philippines is complex, with nine genetic stocks and respective management units delineated across 5 biogeographic regions: (1) Celebes Sea, (2) North and (3) South Philippine Seas, (4) South China and Internal Seas and (5) Sulu Sea. Genetic connectivity is highest within proximate marine biogeographic regions (mean Fst=0.016), with greater separation evident between geographically distant sites (Fst range=0.041–0.045). Signatures of local adaptation were detected among six biogeographic regions, with genetic bottlenecks at 5 sites, particularly within historically heavily-exploited locations in the western and central Philippines. Genetic structure is influenced by geographic distance, larval dispersal capacity, species-specific larval development and settlement attributes, variable ocean current-mediated gene flow, source and sink location geography and habitat heterogeneity across the archipelago. Data reported here will inform accurate and sustainable fishery regulation, conservation of genetic diversity, direct broodstock sourcing for mariculture and guide restocking interventions across the Philippines.
Inclusion effect of jack mackerel meal in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) diet substituting blended fish meal with tuna by-product meal on growth, feed availability, and economic efficiency
Authors: Islam Md. Rabiul , Cho Sung Hwoan , Kim Taeho
Published: June 2024

The low fish meal (FM) diet commonly causes deteriorated palatability, and eventually leads to lowered feed consumption and growth performance of fish. This study was, therefore, designed to determine inclusion impact of the graded levels of jack mackerel meal (JMM) in olive flounder (P. olivaceus) diets replacing 50% FM with tuna by-product meal (TBM) on growth, feed availability, biochemical composition, blood chemistry, and economic efficiency. Six isonitrogenous (55.5%) and isolipidic (10.0%) diets were formulated. Sixty percent FM was incorporated in the control (Con) diet. In the Con diet, fifty percent of FM was replaced by TBM, and then 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% JMM were included at the cost of FM, referred as the TJ10, TJ20, TJ30, TJ40, and TJ50 diets, respectively. Three hundred and sixty juvenile fish (18.0 ± 0.01g; mean ± SD) were delivered into 18, 50-L flow-through tanks. All diets were randomly assigned to triplicate groups of fish. Fish were hand-fed to apparent satiation twice daily for 56 days. Weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed consumption of fish fed the TJ30, TJ40, and TJ50 diets were significantly (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P < 0.002, respectively) greater than those of fish fed the Con and TJ10 diets, but not significantly (P > 0.05) different from those of fish fed the TJ20 diet. Feed utilization, proximate composition, amino acid profiles, and blood chemistry of fish were not significantly (P > 0.05) altered by dietary treatments. However, the TJ30 diet was the most recommendable to farmers in terms of economic profit index (EPI). Conclusively, 30% inclusion of JMM is the most recommendable in the olive flounder diet substituting 50% FM with TBM based on growth performance, feed availability, and EPI.
Orca (Orcinus orca) and shark predator-prey interactions within Cabo Pulmo National Park in the Gulf of California, Mexico
Authors: Ayres Kathryn A. , Gallagher Austin J. , Higuera-Rivas Jesús Erick
Published: June 2024

Orcas (Orcinus orca) have a worldwide distribution and as apex predators feed on a wide variety of prey, including marine mammals, seabirds, sea turtles, cephalopods, teleost fish and elasmobranchs. Historically, there have been few observations of orca predation on large elasmobranch species nor are they commonly identified in the stomach contents of deceased orcas. In recent years there has been an increase in observational records of orca predation, such as on white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) in South Africa, which could indicate that elasmobranchs serve a greater importance in their diet than previously considered. These events are often documented by members of the public due to the development and affordability of innovative cameras, including the use of the drones (unoccupied aerial vehicles). Here we describe new predator-prey interactions between orcas and large shark species in Cabo Pulmo National Park (CPNP), a small no-take marine protected area located in the Gulf of California. In this paper, we were able to successfully identify individuals from the described orca pods in the region; specifically, the same individuals hunting sharks over a period of nearly two years. We discuss the potential implications of these new ecological interactions, given the importance of tourism to sustain the management of CPNP, as cascading impacts have been documented elsewhere in light of orca predations on sharks.
The relationship between refractive error and the risk of diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Yanqing , Hu Pengcheng , Li Li , Wu Xianhui , Wang Xi , Peng Yanli
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This meta-analysis was conducted to collect all available data and estimate the relationship between refractive error and the risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with diabetes, and to assess whether vision-threatening DR (VTDR) is associated with refractive error.

Methods

We systematically searched several literature databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, CBM, Wan Fang Data, and VIP databases. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using fixed or random effects models. Four models were developed to assess the relationship between refractive error and the risk and DR, VTDR: hyperopia and DR, VTDR; myopia and DR, VTDR; spherical equivalent (SE per D increase) and DR, VTDR; and axial length (AL per mm increase) and DR, VTDR. The included literature was meta-analyzed using Stata 12.0 software, and sensitivity analysis was performed. Publication bias in the literature was evaluated using a funnel plot, Begg's test, and Egger's test.

Results

A systematic search identified 3,198 articles, of which 21 (4 cohorts, 17 cross-sectional studies) were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed that hyperopia was associated with an increased risk of VTDR (OR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.08–1.39; P = 0.001), but not with DR (OR: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.94–1.17; P = 0.374). Myopia was associated with a reduced risk of DR (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.61–0.90; P = 0.003), but not with VTDR (OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 0.85–1.38; P = 0.519). Every 1 diopter increase in spherical equivalent, there was a 1.08 increase in the odds ratio of DR (OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.05–1.10; P<0.001), but not with VTDR (OR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.00–1.10; P = 0.06). AL per mm increase was significantly associated with a decreased risk of developing DR (OR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.71–0.84; P<0.001) and VTDR (OR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.56–0.72; P<0.001). Analysis of sensitivity confirmed the reliability of the study's findings.

Conclusion

This meta-analysis demonstrates hyperopia was associated with an increased risk of VTDR in diabetes patients. Myopia was associated with a reduced risk of DR. AL is an important influencing factor of refractive error. Every 1 mm increase in AL reduces the risk of DR by 23% and the risk of VTDR by 37%.

Systematic review registration

identifier: CRD42023413420
Combination of Bacillus tequilensis with difenoconazole to control pear black spot and the related synergistic mechanism
Authors: Bi Qiuyan , Lu Fen , Wu Jie , Liu Xiangyu , Han Xiuying , Wang Wenqiao , Zhao Jianjiang
Published: June 2024

Background

Pear black spot (PBS) is caused by Alternaria alternata and causes severe damage worldwide. It is particularly important to screen for synergistic fungicide combinations to address issues associated with the low efficacy of biocontrol agents, high dosage requirements and poor sustained effectiveness of chemical fungicides.

Methods

In vitro and in vivo studies were performed to determine the efficacy of a treatment for this important disease. Additionally, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were performed to determine the main molecular and biochemical mechanisms involved in the interaction.

Results

Bacillus tequilensis 2_2a has a significant synergistic effect with difenoconazole, causing hyphal entanglement and spore lysis and inhibiting the formation of PBS lesions in vitro. In the field, the control effect of the combination was greater than 95%. The pathways associated with the synergistic effect on the mycelia of A. alternata were divided into two main types: one included glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and MAPK signal transduction, while the other included glycolysis, the TCA cycle, coenzyme A biosynthesis, sterol synthesis, and fatty acid degradation. Both types of pathways jointly affect the cell cycle. The main functions of the key genes and metabolites that have been verified as being affected are glucose synthesis and oxidative respiration, as well as citric acid synthesis, acetyl-CoA synthesis, and sterol synthesis. Both functions involve intracellular pyridine nucleotide metabolism and adenine nucleotide transformation.

Conclusion

This study helps to reveal the synergistic mechanisms underlying the combined efficacy of biological and chemical agents, providing a scientific basis for field applications.
Definition and analysis of gray matter atrophy subtypes in mild cognitive impairment based on data-driven methods
Authors: Zhang Baiwen , Xu Meng , Wu Qing , Ye Sicheng , Zhang Ying , Li Zufei ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an important stage in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) research, focusing on early pathogenic factors and mechanisms. Examining MCI patient subtypes and identifying their cognitive and neuropathological patterns as the disease progresses can enhance our understanding of the heterogeneous disease progression in the early stages of AD. However, few studies have thoroughly analyzed the subtypes of MCI, such as the cortical atrophy, and disease development characteristics of each subtype.

Methods

In this study, 396 individuals with MCI, 228 cognitive normal (CN) participants, and 192 AD patients were selected from ADNI database, and a semi-supervised mixture expert algorithm (MOE) with multiple classification boundaries was constructed to define AD subtypes. Moreover, the subtypes of MCI were obtained by using the multivariate linear boundary mapping of support vector machine (SVM). Then, the gray matter atrophy regions and severity of each MCI subtype were analyzed and the features of each subtype in demography, pathology, cognition, and disease progression were explored combining the longitudinal data collected for 2 years and analyzed important factors that cause conversion of MCI were analyzed.

Results

Three MCI subtypes were defined by MOE algorithm, and the three subtypes exhibited their own features in cortical atrophy. Nearly one-third of patients diagnosed with MCI have almost no significant difference in cerebral cortex from the normal aging population, and their conversion rate to AD are the lowest. The subtype characterized by severe atrophy in temporal lobe and frontal lobe have a faster decline rate in many cognitive manifestations than the subtype featured with diffuse atrophy in the whole cortex. APOE ε4 is an important factor that cause the conversion of MCI to AD.

Conclusion

It was proved through the data-driven method that MCI collected by ADNI baseline presented different subtype features. The characteristics and disease development trajectories among subtypes can help to improve the prediction of clinical progress in the future and also provide necessary clues to solve the classification accuracy of MCI.
Lupus nephritis: management challenges during pregnancy
Authors: Gholizadeh Ghozloujeh Zohreh , Singh Tripti , Jhaveri Kenar D. , Shah Silvi , Lerma Edgar , Abdipour Amir , Norouzi Sayna
Published: June 2024

Lupus nephritis (LN), a severe complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), leads to significant kidney inflammation and damage and drastically increases mortality risk. Predominantly impacting women in their reproductive years, LN poses specific risks during pregnancy, including pre-eclampsia, growth restrictions, stillbirth, and preterm delivery, exacerbated by lupus activity, specific antibodies, and pre-existing conditions like hypertension. Effective management of LN during pregnancy is crucial and involves carefully balancing disease control with the safety of the fetus. This includes pre-conception counseling and a multidisciplinary approach among specialists to navigate the complexities LN patients face during pregnancy, such as distinguishing LN flare-ups from pregnancy-induced conditions. This review focuses on exploring the complex dynamics between pregnancy and LN, emphasizing the management difficulties and the heightened risks pregnant women with LN encounter.