bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Practical advice for refugees aspiring to become registered nurses in Australia
Authors: Ng Chok Harrison , Lewis Peter , Mannix Judy , Wilkes Lesley
Published: October 2022

Aims

This paper describes practical advice for refugees aspiring to become Registered Nurses (RNs) in Australia.

Design

Qualitative description using a naturalistic inquiry framework.

Methods

Between February 2018 and September 2019, the lead author conducted semi‐structured interviews with employed RNs that are former refugees that speak English. Interviews were 45–90 min in duration and digitally recorded. Participants provided voluntary informed consent and were sent questions beforehand. All transcription data were thematically analysed for key themes until no further themes were identified. This paper covers practical advice provided by the participants at the conclusion of their interviews.

Results

Twelve participants provided practical advice. Six themes were identified: (1) Find your purpose and set goals; (2) Work hard and never give up; (3) Seek support; (4) Capitalize on opportunities; (5) Be optimistic; (6) Give back. The last theme, give back, was salient across all interviews and was an inherent motivator for some participants once their RN status was achieved.

Conclusion

Each participant set the goal of becoming a fully registered nurse and made it a life goal that provided meaning for them. Despite their experiences, the participants provided practical advice that could guide younger people aspiring to become successfully qualified RNs.

Impact

The findings in this study are unique as they are derived from people with experiences as refugees who, despite their adversity, became RNs. The practical advice provides a framework not only for younger people from refugee backgrounds seeking to achieve their professional goals, but others looking to succeed in other workforce sectors. The practical advice for success will be useful in informing nursing authorities, tertiary institutions and private and public health organizations to develop effective approaches to guide the next generation of would‐be RNs set to contribute to nursing practice in Australia. There were no patient or public contributions as the focus was the personal and professional lives of nurses with refugee backgrounds.
Stuck on top of a mountain: Consequences of dispersal limitations for alpine diversity
Authors: Laiolo Paola , Illera Juan Carlos , Obeso José Ramón
Published: October 2022

Aim

The future of biodiversity in increasingly warmer mountains may be poorly predicted by climate variation if dispersal affects ecological change. We assessed the influence of dispersal limitations in the assembly of mountaintop communities, focusing on the relationship between proxies of flight abilities and species diversity in insects.

Location

Cantabrian Mountains, Spain.

Taxon

Grasshoppers (Orthoptera, Acrididae) and bumblebees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombinae).

Methods

We analysed the magnitude of variation in the relative wing length of individuals, species and communities along elevation by means of phylogenetic multilevel and generalized least square models, to assess the environmental fit of this morphological trait. Then we analysed whether wing length variation among assemblages affected species diversity and the biotic interchange between foothills and mountaintops, and between nearby mountaintops, by means of linear models and metrics quantifying dispersal.

Results

Grasshoppers and bumblebees converged in the evolution of shorter wings at higher elevations. The effects of this adaptation scaled to the community level and affected diversity patterns. Mountaintop assemblages were richer (grasshoppers) or shared more species with lowlands (bumblebees) when the average wingspan of their member species was larger. The species composition of mountaintops was significantly affected by dispersal processes and their species richness was more strongly correlated with that of their foothills than that of nearby mountains.

Main Conclusions

These results show a wingspan reduction in upland insects, the role of dispersal in improving species richness and reducing beta diversity, and the dependence of mountaintop diversity from the species pools of foothills. In these settings, we can envisage that upward movements of long‐winged species will be favoured and increase the species richness and nestedness of upland biotas as climate warms. However, the fate of upland inhabitants will depend on how they tackle novel biotic and abiotic pressures, given the constraints to peak‐to‐peak displacement.
Physical activity and depression in Indonesian adults with stroke: A nationwide survey
Authors: Apriliyasari Renny Wulan , Budi Ilham Setyo , Tan Maw Pin , Tsai Pei‐Shan
Published: October 2022

Purpose

To examine the associations between physical activity and depressive symptoms in adults with stroke.

Design

We conducted a cross‐sectional study involving the data of 3234 adults with stroke obtained from the 2018 Basic Health Research (Riset Kesehatan Dasar, RISKESDAS).

Methods

Physical activity level in metabolic equivalents‐minutes per week were determined using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behavior recommendations. Depression was assessed using the Mini‐International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Multivariate binomial logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the predictive role of physical activity for depression after adjusting for confounders.

Results

Adults with stroke who met the WHO recommendation of physical activity were independently and significantly associated with lower odds of depression after adjustment for confounders (adjusted OR = 0.757, p = 0.017).

Conclusions

Performing physical activity according to the WHO recommendation is associated with a lower likelihood of depression among Indonesian adults with stroke.

Clinical relevance

Clinicians should be informed by the findings of this study and prescribe exercise interventions or plan physical activities to optimize recovery and prevent poststroke depression.
Caregiving in the COVID‐19 pandemic: Family adaptations following an intensive care unit hospitalisation
Authors: Robinson‐Lane Sheria G. , Leggett Amanda N. , Johnson Florence U. , Leonard Natalie , Carmichael Alicia G. , Oxford Grace , Miah Tanbirul , Wright Johnny J. , Blok Amanda C. , Iwashyna Theodore J. , Gonzalez Richard
Published: October 2022

Aim and Objective

To identify how family caregivers adapt to the caregiving role following a relative's COVID‐19‐related intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalisation.

Background

Family caregiving is often associated with poor health amongst caregivers which may limit their capacity to effectively support patients. Though severe COVID‐19 infection has necessitated increasing numbers of persons who require caregiver support, little is known about these caregivers, the persons they are caring for, or the strategies used to effectively adjust to the caregiving role.

Design

A qualitative descriptive study design was adopted, and findings are reported using COREQ.

Methods

A secondary analysis of transcripts from semi‐structured interviews conducted with recently discharged ICU patients who had COVID‐19 (n = 16) and their family caregivers (n = 16) was completed using thematic analysis. MAXQDA 2020 and Miro were used to organise data and complete coding. Analysis involved a structured process of open and closed coding to identify and confirm themes that elucidated adaptation to family caregiving.

Results

Six themes highlight how family caregivers adapt to the caregiving role following an ICU COVID‐19‐related hospitalisation including (1) engaging the support of family and friends, (2) increased responsibilities to accommodate caregiving, (3) managing emotions, (4) managing infection control, (5) addressing patient independence and (6) engaging support services. These themes were found to be congruent with the Roy adaptation model.

Conclusions

Family caregiving is a stressful transition following a patient's acute hospitalisation. Effective adaptation requires flexibility and sufficient support, beginning with the care team who can adequately prepare the family for the anticipated challenges of recovery.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Clinical teams may improve post‐hospitalisation care outcomes of patients by preparing families to effectively adjust to the caregiver role—particularly in identifying sufficient support resources.

Patient or Public Contribution

Participation of patients/caregivers in this study was limited to the data provided through participant interviews.
Implementation of peer‐support services in Asia: A scoping review
Authors: Ong Qin Soo , Yang Hui Zhu , Kuek Jonathan Han Loong , Goh Yong Shian
Published: October 2022

Accessible Summary

What is known on the subject

Peer‐support services was started in the 1970s psychiatric survivor movement in the United States of America (USA) due to the lack of transitional support for deinstitutionalized psychiatric patients.

Delivered by peer‐support workers (PSWs) with lived experiences of mental health conditions, peer‐support workers use their experiential knowledge to help others with similar conditions.

The paradigm shifts in mental health recovery has led to an increase in interest on peer‐support services among the Asia countries.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

The diversity political and cultural differences in Asia makes it a unique for people to understand the mental health ecosystem that exist within.

This review is timely as it provides the insights into the current state of peer‐support services for mental health consumers in Asia and the future research on them.

What are the implications for practice?

First, this review provided a broad overview on the current types of peer‐support services and their implementation in Asia.

Second, emphasized the importance and value of peer‐support services for individuals with mental health conditions in their journey towards recovery.

Third, important to build a more positive image for peer‐support workers by assigning more clarity to their roles and systematizing training to hone their skills in providing peer support.

Introduction

The increasing recognition and need for recovery‐oriented services led to the heightened interests of peer‐support services globally, including Asia. However, little is known about the peer‐support services in Asia as compared to the West, where peer‐support services primarily originated from and are well established.

Aim

To examine available evidence on the implementation of peer‐support services for such consumers in Asia.

Method

This scoping review was based on the Arksey & O′Malley's framework. A comprehensive search was performed across seven electronic databases. The grey literature was also searched through Open Grey and ProQuest Dissertation and Theses, alongside hand searching of the reference of the studies. Articles searched was from January 2000 to December 2021.

Results

Three main themes were identified to provide an overview on peer‐support services for mental health consumers in Asia: the delivery of such services in Asia; Asian consumers' perceptions of them; and factors affecting their implementation.

Discussion

Given their relative novelty in Asia, findings from this review represent useful insights for organizations and policy administrators when formulating such services.

Implications for Practice

Future research should also focus on evaluating the effectiveness of such services in Asia and comparing their outcomes with other regions.
Probiotic mixture (Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis) a potential in‐feed additive to improve broiler production efficiency, nutrient digestibility, caecal microflora, meat quality and to diminish hazardous odour emission
Authors: Biswas Sarbani , Kim Min H. , Baek Dong Heon , Kim In Ho
Published: October 2022

This research aimed to assess the impact of probiotic supplementation in the broiler diet on growth performance, nutrient utilization, noxious gas emissions, excreta micromiota and meat quality. One thousand six hundred and twenty male Ross 380 broilers (one‐day‐old, body weight, 42 ± 0.5 g and 5‐week trial) were arbitrarily chosen and assigned to three nutritive treatments (basal diet and basal diet included with 0.1%, and 0.2% probiotic mixture [Bacillus subtilis 7.0 × 107 cfu/g, Bacillus licheniformis 4.1 × 107 cfu/g]) with 30 duplicates (18 birds each). Probiotic inclusion linearly increased (p < 0.05) broiler body weight gain (BWG) during Phases 1, 2 and the overall period and decreased (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) linearly on Phase 2 and the overall period. However, feed intake (FI) and mortality rate remained unaffected (p > 0.05). Though nutrient digestibility of nitrogen (N) tendency to increase (p < 0.05), dry matter (DM) and energy (E) did not influence (p > 0.05). Inclusion of a probiotic supplement linearly increased (p < 0.05) Lactobacillus and reduced Salmonella (p < 0.05) counts in broilers. Moreover, broilers fed a diet supplement with probiotic addition linearly decreased (p < 0.05) NH3, H2S, C2O and acetic acid emissions. The graded level of probiotic addition linearly reduced (p < 0.05) cooking loss and the tendency to decrease (p < 0.05) weight of bursa of Fabricius, but had no effect (p > 0.05) on other meat quality measures. These findings indicated that increasing the level of probiotics in feed could improve growth efficiency, nutrient absorption, microbial index, meat quality and reduce gas emissions in broilers.
Oral‐gut bacterial profiles discriminate between periodontal health and diseases
Authors: Lourenço Talita Gomes Baêta , de Oliveira Adriana Miranda , Tsute Chen George , Colombo Ana Paula Vieira
Published: October 2022

Objective

This investigation explored oral‐gut microbial signatures with potential to distinguish among periodontal conditions.

Background Data

The interplay between the oral and gut microbiomes may be a critical pathway linking periodontal diseases and systemic inflammatory disorders. The mechanisms by which oral microorganisms translocate to the gut and cause microbial dysbiosis, favoring an inflammatory state, are still unknown. As a first approach, characterization of oral‐gut microbial profiles associated with periodontal health and diseases can provide insights on such mechanisms of etiology and pathogenesis.

Methods

Fecal and saliva samples from individuals with periodontal health (PH, 8), gingivitis (GG, 17), and periodontitis (PD, 24) were analyzed for their microbial composition by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Microbial taxa were compared and correlated to periodontal parameters. Multivariate discriminant analysis (MDA) was carried out to identify profiles related to health and disease.

Results

Few significant differences in oral‐gut taxa were detected among clinical groups, although increase in fecal Fusobacterium nucleatum ss vincentii and salivary Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Parvimonas micra, and Fretibacterium sp. HMT358 were strongly correlated with deep pockets and inflammation (p < .01). Over 50% of the fecal microbiota comprised microorganisms shared between oral and gut sites, whereas oral taxa were detected in approximately 9%, particularly enriched in GG fecal samples (p = .04). Trends for lower fecal richness and higher salivary diversity in PD compared to PH were observed. MDA was able to classify correctly 82% of the patients into the clinical groups. Main classifiers of periodontitis were high BMI, older age, and enrichment of oral‐fecal Leptotrichia sp. HMT4, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Dialister invisus, and a novel Lautropia sp. HMTC89‐like organism.

Conclusion

Within the limitations of an exploratory investigation, specific profiles of oral‐gut taxa, including known and potential novel organisms, combined with social‐demographic features were able to discriminate individuals with periodontal diseases in this study population.
Evidence‐based strategies to navigate complexity in dietary DNA metabarcoding: A reply
Authors: Littleford‐Colquhoun Bethan L. , Sackett Violet I. , Tulloss Camille V. , Kartzinel Tyler R.
Published: October 2022

It is clearly beneficial to eliminate low‐abundance sequences that arise in error during dietary DNA metabarcoding studies, but to purge all low‐abundance sequences is to risk eliminating real sequences and complicating ecological analyses. Our prior literature review noted that DNA sequence relative read abundance (RRA) thresholds can help ameliorate false‐positive taxon occurrences, but that historical emphasis on this utility has fostered uncertainty about the associated risk of inflating the false‐negative rate (Littleford‐Colquhoun et al., 2022). To address this, we combined a simulation study and an empirical data set to both illustrate the issue and provide blueprints for simulation studies and sensitivity analyses that can help investigators avoid overcorrecting and thereby bolster confidence in ecological inferences. Awareness of both the costs and the benefits of abundance‐filtering is needed because accurately characterizing dietary distributions can be critically important for understanding animal diets, nutrition and trophic networks. Highlighting the need to raise awareness, a critique of our paper emphasized the misleading notion that “false positive interactions between species can present fundamentally incorrect network structures in network ecology, whereas false negatives will provide a correct but incomplete version of the network” (Tercel & Cuff, 2022). Asserting that the reliability of results will be eroded by false positives but resilient to the omission of true positives is risky and runs counter to evidence. Unfortunately, abundance‐filtering methods can introduce false negatives at higher rates than they eliminate false positives and thereby undermine the analysis of otherwise reliable sequencing data. Overcorrecting can qualitatively alter and ultimately undermine ecological interpretations.
Late Pleistocene landscape changes and habitat specialization as promoters of population genomic divergence in Amazonian floodplain birds
Authors: Luna Leilton Willians , Naka Luciano Nicolas , Thom Gregory , Knowles Laura Lacey , Sawakuchi André Oliveira , Aleixo Alexandre , Ribas Camila Cherem
Published: October 2022

Although vicariant processes are expected to leave similar genomic signatures among codistributed taxa, ecological traits such as habitat and stratum can influence genetic divergence within species. Here, we combined landscape history and habitat specialization to understand the historical and ecological factors responsible for current levels of genetic divergence in three species of birds specialized in seasonally flooded habitats in muddy rivers and which are widespread in the Amazon basin but have isolated populations in the Rio Branco. Populations of the white‐bellied spinetail (Mazaria propinqua), lesser wagtail‐tyrant (Stigmatura napensis) and bicolored conebill (Conirostrum bicolor) are currently isolated in the Rio Branco by the black‐waters of the lower Rio Negro, offering a unique opportunity to test the effect of river colour as a barrier to gene flow. We used ultraconserved elements (UCEs) to test alternative hypotheses of population history in a comparative phylogeographical approach by modelling genetic structure, demographic history and testing for shared divergence time among codistributed taxa. Our analyses revealed that (i) all three populations from the Rio Branco floodplains are genetically distinct from other populations along the Amazon River floodplains; (ii) these divergences are the result of at least two distinct events, consistent with species habitat specialization; and (iii) the most likely model of population evolution includes lower population connectivity during the Late Pleistocene transition (~250,000 years ago), with gene flow being completely disrupted after the Last Glacial Maximum (~21,000 years ago). Our findings highlight how landscape evolution modulates population connectivity in habitat specialist species and how organisms can have different responses to the same historical processes of environmental change, depending on their habitat affinity.
Philosophical underpinnings of intersubjectivity and its significance to phenomenological research: A discussion paper
Authors: Tembo Agness Chisanga , Gullick Janice , Pendon Joseph Francis
Published: October 2022

Intersubjectivity is the proposition that human experience occurs in a world of shared and embodied understandings, mediated by culture and language. Nursing is fundamentally relational, and nursing research stems from an exchange between participants and researchers and indeed around the transaction of the patient and the nurse in the intersubjective space of clinical settings. Through the philosophical standpoints of Husserl, Merleau‐Ponty, Heidegger, and Gadamer we examine these differing philosophical constructs of intersubjectivity and the contribution of these positions to phenomenological nursing inquiry. Particular framings of intersubjectivity should influence the way researchers interact with their participants and data so that the chosen philosophy sits coherently within a research plan and methodology. This exploration of philosophical standpoints is extended through examples of, and reflections upon, the authors' experiences of intersubjectivity in our published phenomenological nursing studies and through dynamic interactions that characterise interpretive activities within a research team.
Identification Robust Empirical Evidence on the Open Economy IS‐Curve
Authors: Haque Qazi , Magnusson Leandro M.
Published: October 2022

Existing empirical evidence on the Euler equation based on closed economy models suggests low responsiveness of aggregate consumption to changes in interest rates. We incorporate open economy features and consider extensions that include habit formation and hand‐to‐mouth consumers. For several open economies and applying econometric methods that are robust to weak instruments and structural changes, we continue to find low values for the elasticity of intertemporal substitution, implying a small effect of real interest rate changes on aggregate income. In some countries, structural changes are informative for identification, but otherwise aggregate data provide limited information to learn about IS‐curve specifications.
Targeting cellular metabolism in head and neck cancer precision medicine era: A promising strategy to overcome therapy resistance
Authors: Lin Xiaohu , Zhou Wenkai , Liu Zheqi , Cao Wei , Lin Chengzhong
Published: October 2022

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is among the most prevalent cancer worldwide, with the most severe impact on quality of life of patients. Despite the development of multimodal therapeutic approaches, the clinical outcomes of HNSCC are still unsatisfactory, mainly caused by relatively low responsiveness to treatment and severe drug resistance. Metabolic reprogramming is currently considered to play a pivotal role in anticancer therapeutic resistance. This review aimed to define the specific metabolic programs and adaptations in HNSCC therapy resistance. An extensive literature review of HNSCC was conducted via the PubMed including metabolic reprogramming, chemo‐ or immune‐therapy resistance. Glucose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism are closely related to the malignant biological characteristics of cancer, anti‐tumor drug resistance, and adverse clinical results. For HNSCC, pyruvate, lactate and almost all lipid categories are related to the occurrence and maintenance of drug resistance, and targeting amino acid metabolism can prevent tumor development and enhance the response of drug‐resistant tumors to anticancer therapy. This review will provide a better understanding of the altered metabolism in therapy resistance of HNSCC and promote the development of new therapeutic strategies against HNSCC, thereby contribute to a more efficacious precision medicine.
Conradi‐Hünermann‐Happle syndrome: Clinical and trichoscopic findings
Authors: del Río‐Martínez Christopher Jesús , de León‐Jiménez Beatriz , Ramos‐Gómez Laura Isabel , Martinez Rebeca , Durán‐Mckinster Carola , Tosti Antonella , Vázquez‐Herrera Norma Elizabeth
Published: October 2022

Conradi‐Hünermann‐Happle syndrome (CHHS) is a rare genodermatosis resulting from mutations in the EBP (emopamil binding protein) gene. Dermatologic manifestations may include cicatricial alopecia, ichthyosis, follicular atrophoderma, pigmentary abnormalities, and nail dystrophy. In addition to genetic testing and clinical findings, trichoscopic findings may aid in the diagnosis. In this case report, we discuss the trichoscopic findings in a 3‐year‐old girl with CHHS and how these findings help us understand the pathophysiology of this disease.
Upper and Lower Bound Estimates of Inequality of Opportunity: A Cross‐National Comparison for Europe
Authors: Carranza Rafael
Published: October 2022

I provide lower and upper bound estimates of inequality of opportunity (IOp) for 32 European countries, between 2005 and 2019. Lower bound estimates use machine learning methods to address sampling variability. Upper bound estimates use longitudinal data to capture all‐time invariant factors. Across all years and countries, lower bound estimates of IOp account from 6 percent to 60 percent of total income inequality, while upper bound estimates account from 20 percent to almost all income inequality. On average, upper bound IOp saw a slight decrease in the aftermath of the Great Recession, recovering and stabilizing at around 80 percent of total inequality in the second half of the 2010s. Lower bound estimates for 2005, 2011, and 2019 show a similar pattern. My findings suggest that lower and upper bound estimates complement each other, corroborating information and compensating each other's weaknesses, highlighting the relevance of a bounded estimate of IOp.
Smart oceans governance: Reconfiguring capitalist, colonial, and environmental relations
Authors: Ritts Max , Simpson Michael
Published: October 2022

How does the digitisation of the ocean reconfigure capitalist, colonial, and environmental relations? What analytic tools allow us to trace their intersecting dynamics? These are the central questions that we take up through an examination of smart oceans governance along the west coast of Canada, where the state is developing new institutional partnerships to manage the expansion of fossil fuel infrastructure across unceded Indigenous lands and waters. In this context, laden with environmental risks and resurgent anti‐colonial politics, state actors are implicating smart oceans governance in efforts to harmonise capitalist growth with sustainability mandates and the ‘recognition’ of Indigenous self‐determination. Our analysis draws on environmental state theory, critical indigenous studies, and human geographies of the ocean, to analyse interviews, Access to Information requests, scientific studies, and policy reports. Our findings suggest that smart oceans governance poses novel risks to Indigenous peoples and their distinctive ‘seascape epistemologies’. At the same time, we observe in this medium new limits to the state's ability to consolidate settler colonial authority and extend possessive colonial entitlements to Indigenous lands and waters. First Nations are also engaging with smart oceans governance in ways that assert ‘Indigenous data sovereignty’, help chart their own political and territorial ambitions, and carve out meaningful spaces of Indigenous marine stewardship.
An Efficient Quantification Method Based on Feature Selection for High-Dimensional Uncertainties of Multistage Compressors
Authors: Wang Junying , Zheng Xinqian , Yang Heli , Sun Zhenzhong , Song Zhaoyun , Fu Yu
Published: October 2022

Multistage compressors are widely used in aero-engines, gas turbines, and industrial compressors. However, many inevitable geometric/condition uncertainties will lead to low manufacturing qualified rate and severe performance degradation of multistage compressors. There might be hundreds of uncertainty variables simultaneously, so the “curse of dimensionality” problem has seriously constrained the uncertainty quantification (UQ) study in multistage compressors. In this paper, a feature selection method based on interpretable machine learning and bidirectional search is developed to reduce the dimensionality in a multistage compressor UQ study. The method is applied to a three-stage compressor and reduces the uncertainties dimensionality from 292 to 41 and 66 for mass flow rate and efficiency prediction. Consequently, the required sample size is reduced from 1674 to 160 with the model accuracy almost unchanged. For the first time, this study realizes the UQ modeling study on the high dimensional problem of a multistage compressor. In addition, significant stage-by-stage uncertainty propagation is found in the compressor. The last stage has the most significant efficiency deviation, which is significantly affected by the geometric uncertainty of the first two stages. Therefore, traditional studies, which usually simplify the multistage compressor UQ problem to a single cascade/row level, may seriously underestimate the uncertainty effect due to the neglect of stage-by-stage propagation. This study not only reveals the necessity for direct UQ study of multistage compressors but also reduces the computational cost, which lays a foundation for the uncertainty control of multistage compressors in engineering practice.
Large Deflections of Functionally Graded Nonlinearly Elastic Cantilever Beams
Authors: Hacıoğlu Ayhan , Candaş Adem , Baykara Cemal
Published: October 2022

Uses of functionally graded materials (FGMs) are increasing owing to recent development in manufacturing technologies. Large deflection of beams that made of nonlinearly elastic, Ludwick's type of material, and also FGMs has received considerable critical attention during recent years. However, the precise effect of a number of laminae on both vertical and horizontal deflection of the beam in the finite element analysis (FEA) is unknown. Here, we examined the large deflections of a cantilever beam that was subjected to various loading conditions and made of nonlinearly elastic, modified Ludwick's type of material using FEA. The direction-dependent material properties in the functionally graded material and nonlinearity from modified Ludwick's law are combined in the analysis using Marlow's material model. Our results show that the gradient function and the number of laminae have significant effects on normal stress distribution along the horizontal axis and both vertical and horizontal deflection of the beam.
Effect of Humid Tropical Climate and Electrical Current on the Electrical Sliding Wear Behavior of Graphite Brush in Motor
Authors: Hung Pham Van , Bao Le Duc , Duong Nguyen Thuy
Published: October 2022

The commutator and brush of the motor are often worn during operation. The wear of commutator—brushes is influenced by various factors: current density, material, sliding speed, contact force, temperature, and environmental humidity, especially by humid tropical climate conditions. This affects directly wear, long life, and the reliability of commutator—brushes. This paper presents the results of the electrical sliding wear behavior of the graphite brushes when the temperature, the humidity of the humid tropical environment, and current change. According to experimental planning, the studies were conducted on graphite brushes with three input factors: the temperature of 25 °C, 40 °C, and 55 °C, relative humidity (RH) of 51%, 75%, and 99%, and current 5 A, 7.5 A, and 10 A. The results show that the specific wear-rate Ws increases when relative humidity, temperature, and current increase. When the brush works in extreme conditions, the specific wear-rate Ws will reach the maximum value and equal to about 5.37 times the Ws value in the best conditions in this experiment.
Relative changes in the cochlear summating potentials to paired-clicks predict speech-in-noise perception and subjective hearing acuity
Authors: Lai Jesyin , Bidelman Gavin M.
Published: October 2022

Objective assays of human cochlear synaptopathy (CS) have been challenging to develop. It is suspected that relative summating potential (SP) changes are different in listeners with CS. In this proof-of-concept study, young, normal-hearing adults were recruited and assigned to a low/high-risk group for having CS based on their extended audiograms (9–16 kHz). SPs to paired-clicks with varying inter-click intervals isolated non-refractory receptor components of cochlear activity. Abrupt increases in SPs to paired- vs single-clicks were observed in high-risk listeners. Critically, exaggerated SPs predicted speech-in-noise and subjective hearing abilities, suggesting relative SP changes to rapid clicks might help identify putative synaptopathic listeners.
Spillover benefits from the world’s largest fully protected MPA
Authors: Medoff Sarah , Lynham John , Raynor Jennifer
Published: October 2022

Previous research has cast doubt on the potential for marine protected areas (MPAs) to provide refuge and fishery spillover benefits for migratory species as most MPAs are small relative to the geographic range of these species. We test for evidence of spillover benefits accruing from the world’s largest fully protected MPA, Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument. Using species-specific data collected by independent fishery observers, we examine changes in catch rates for individual vessels near to and far from the MPA before and after its expansion in 2016. We find evidence of spillover benefits for yellowfin (
Thunnus albacares
) and bigeye tuna (
Thunnus obesus
).
MTCH2 is a mitochondrial outer membrane protein insertase
Authors: Guna Alina , Stevens Taylor A. , Inglis Alison J. , Replogle Joseph M. , Esantsi Theodore K. , Muthukumar Gayathri , Shaffer Kelly C. L. , Wang Maxine L. , Pogson Angela N. , Jones Jeff J. , Lomenick Brett , Chou Tsui-Fen , Weissman Jonathan S. , Voorhees Rebecca M.
Published: October 2022

In the mitochondrial outer membrane, α-helical transmembrane proteins play critical roles in cytoplasmic-mitochondrial communication. Using genome-wide CRISPR screens, we identified mitochondrial carrier homolog 2 (MTCH2), and its paralog MTCH1, and showed that it is required for insertion of biophysically diverse tail-anchored (TA), signal-anchored, and multipass proteins, but not outer membrane β-barrel proteins. Purified MTCH2 was sufficient to mediate insertion into reconstituted proteoliposomes. Functional and mutational studies suggested that MTCH2 has evolved from a solute carrier transporter. MTCH2 uses membrane-embedded hydrophilic residues to function as a gatekeeper for the outer membrane, controlling mislocalization of TAs into the endoplasmic reticulum and modulating the sensitivity of leukemia cells to apoptosis. Our identification of MTCH2 as an insertase provides a mechanistic explanation for the diverse phenotypes and disease states associated with MTCH2 dysfunction.
Protect global values of the Southern Ocean ecosystem
Authors: Brooks Cassandra M. , Ainley David G. , Jacquet Jennifer , Chown Steven L. , Pertierra Luis R. , Francis Elizabeth , Rogers Alex , Chavez-Molina Vasco , Teh Louise , Sumaila U. Rashid
Published: October 2022

Climate change and fishing present dual threats
The timing of eating controls energy use
Authors: Lagarde Damien , Kazak Lawrence
Published: October 2022

Synchronizing food intake with the body clock boosts thermogenesis and limits obesity
RfaH Counter-Silences Inhibition of Transcript Elongation by H-NS–StpA Nucleoprotein Filaments in Pathogenic Escherichiacoli
Authors: Hustmyer Christine M. , Wolfe Michael B. , Welch Rodney A. , Landick Robert
Published: October 2022

Bacterial pathogens adapt to hosts and host defenses by reprogramming gene expression, including by H-NS counter-silencing. Counter-silencing turns on transcription initiation when regulators bind to promoters and rearrange repressive H-NS nucleoprotein filaments that ordinarily block transcription.
Complete Genome Sequence of Bacillus safensis Strain AHB2, Isolated from African Raw Honey from Kajo Keji, South Sudan
Authors: Shin Carson J. , O’Connor Tamara J.
Published: October 2022

We report the complete genome sequence of
Bacillus safensis
strain AHB2, isolated from African raw honey originating in Kajo Keji, South Sudan, and purchased from a third-party vendor. The genome consists of 3,785,324 bp encompassing 3,774 predicted protein-coding sequences and 183 RNA genes.
Draft Genome Sequence of an Endophytic
Micromonospora
sp. Strain, ANENR4, Isolated from the Root of a Peanut Plant (Arachis hypogaea)
Authors: Islam Md Majharul , Sarkar Biraj , Maiti Pulak Kumar , Das Sandip , Dam Paulami , Mondal Rittick , Biswas Trishanjan , Sadat Abdul , Chakraborty Arka Pratim , Gangopadhyay Debnirmalaya , Mandal Sukhendu , Kati Ahmet , Mandal Amit Kumar
Published: October 2022

The genus
Micromonospora
was found to occur in a diverse range of habitats. Here, we report the genome sequence of an endophytic strain of
Micromonospora
sp., ANENR4. ANENR4 was isolated from the healthy roots of a peanut (
Arachis hypogaea
) plant from Egra, West Bengal, India.
An Evolutionary Paradigm Favoring Cross Talk between Bacterial Two-Component Signaling Systems
Authors: Vemparala Bharadwaj , Valiya Parambathu Arjun , Saini Deepak Kumar , Dixit Narendra M.
Published: October 2022

Bacteria use two-component signaling systems (TCSs) to sense and respond to environmental changes. The prevalent paradigm governing TCSs is specificity, where signal flow through TCSs is insulated; leakage to other TCSs is considered evolutionarily disadvantageous.
Systematic Metabolic Profiling Identifies
De Novo
Sphingolipid Synthesis as Hypha Associated and Essential for Candida albicans Filamentation
Authors: Garbe Enrico , Gerwien Franziska , Driesch Dominik , Müller Tina , Böttcher Bettina , Gräler Markus , Vylkova Slavena
Published: October 2022

The reversible switch of
Candida albicans
between unicellular yeast and multicellular hyphal growth is accompanied by a well-studied hypha-associated gene expression, encoding virulence factors like adhesins, toxins, or nutrient scavengers. The investigation of this gene expression consequently led to fundamental insights into the pathogenesis of this fungus.
Tibetan Plateau insights into >1100 °C crustal melting in the Quaternary
Authors: Zhang Xiu-Zheng , Wang Qiang , Wyman Derek , Kerr Andrew C. , Dan Wei , Qi Yue
Published: October 2022

Partial melting during high-temperature to ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) metamorphism facilitates crustal differentiation, element transfer, and the evolution of topography in orogens, however the mechanisms that drive heating of Earth’s crust remain controversial. We provide new evidence from ca. 2.3 Ma dacites in the Tibetan Plateau, representing the youngest known UHT metamorphic event. Our results show that these dacites were mainly generated by fluid-absent melting of metasedimentary rocks and minor mafic rocks at peak temperatures of 1100–1150 °C and pressures of 0.8–0.9 GPa. The dacites represent mixtures of UHT melts and granulite residues and are geochemically similar to A-type granites with extremely high heat-production values (5.33–5.99 μW m–3). Compared with the geological and geophysical observations, numerical modeling indicates that the key factor determining the thermal evolution of Tibet is the thickness of the radioactive layer. Orogens dominated by rocks of felsic composition, like Tibet, could easily reach UHT conditions within a short period of time (20–40 m.y.) after crustal thickening by radioactive heating, without the need for an additional tectonic mechanism.
Hematite accommodated shallow, transient Pleistocene slow slip in the exhumed southern San Andreas fault system, California, USA
Authors: DiMonte Alexandra A. , Ault Alexis K. , Hirth Greg , Bradbury Kelly K.
Published: October 2022

Slow slip is part of the earthquake cycle, but the processes controlling this phenomenon in space and time are poorly constrained. Hematite, common in continental fault zones, exhibits unique textures and (U-Th)/He thermochronometry data patterns reflecting different slip rates. We investigated networks of small hematite-coated slip surfaces in basement fault damage of exhumed strike-slip faults that connect to the southern San Andreas fault in a flower structure in the Mecca Hills, California, USA. Scanning electron microscopy shows these millimeter-thick surfaces exhibit basal hematite injection veins and layered veinlets comprising nanoscale, high-aspect-ratio hematite plates akin to phyllosilicates. Combined microstructural and hematite (U-Th)/He data (n = 64 new, 24 published individual analyses) record hematite mineralization events ca. 0.8 Ma to 0.4 Ma at <1.5 km depth. We suggest these hematite faults formed via fluid overpressure, and then hematite localized repeated subseismic slip, creating zones of shallow off-fault damage as far as 4 km orthogonal to the trace of the southern San Andreas fault. Distributed hematite slip surfaces develop by, and then accommodate, transient slow slip, potentially dampening or distributing earthquake energy in shallow continental faults.
Performance of a 56 m deep circular excavation supported by diaphragm and cut-off double-wall system in Shanghai soft ground
Authors: Wang Ruisong , Liu Shujia , Xu Longhai , Zhao Chenyang , Ni Pengpeng , Zheng Weifeng
Published: October 2022

The performance of a 56 m deep circular excavation supported by a double-wall system, consisting of an inner circular diaphragm wall and an outer rectangular cut-off wall, in Shanghai soft ground is studied in this paper. The surveyed data (e.g., lateral wall deflections ( δ h), horizontal displacement of soil ( δ s), ground surface settlement ( δ v), soil rebound ( δ v+), earth pressure ( P), pore water pressure ( Pw), and soil stress path) are systematically investigated. The results show that the maximum lateral wall deflections are 0.002% ∼ 0.03% of the excavation depth ( H e). The maximum ground surface settlement ( δ v m) is generally larger than δ h m, which is located at 0.4 ∼ 0.6 H e. Moreover, an innovative formula is proposed to estimate the ground settlement. It is able to distinguish various characteristics of surface settlement in different zones of the settlement profile. The ground surface settlements are mainly induced by surcharge loading and continuous excavation, and they are related to the change in confined water level. The lateral earth and pore water pressures in the active zone are relatively insensitive to the excavation, while the correlation becomes obvious in the passive zone. The findings from this study can be helpful to the design of other similar deep excavations in soft clay.
Lactoferrin modulates the biofilm formation and bap gene expression of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis
Authors: Khanum Ramona , Chung Pooi Yin , Clarke Stuart C. , Chin Beek Yoke
Published: October 2022

Lactoferrin is an innate glycoprotein with broad antibacterial and antibiofilm properties. The autonomous antibiofilm activity of lactoferrin against Gram-positive bacteria is postulated to involve the cell wall and biofilm components. Thus, the prevention of biomass formation and eradication of preformed biofilms by lactoferrin was investigated using a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) strain. Additionally, the ability of lactoferrin to modulate the expression of the biofilm-associated protein gene ( bap) was studied. The bap gene regulates the production of biofilm-associated proteins responsible for bacterial adhesion and aggregation. In the in vitro biofilm assays, lactoferrin prevented biofilm formation and eradicated established biofilms for up to 24 and 72 h, respectively. Extensive eradication of MRSE biofilm biomass was accompanied by the significant upregulation of bap gene expression. These data suggest the interaction of lactoferrin with the biofilm components and cell wall of MRSE, including the biofilm-associated protein.
Investigating the influence of the superfinishing process on the residual stress of the raceway
Authors: Chang Zhou , Hu Lai
Published: October 2022

The residual stress of bearing inner race after superfinishing machining along the axial direction is usually measured by using an X-ray analyzer. The experimental results show that the residual stress on the surface of the bearing raceway is compressive stress with an average value of −266 to −438 MPa, and the circumferential residual stress on the bottom surface of the bearing raceway is greater than the axial residual stress. The obtained results reveal that the oilstone pressure has a significant effect on the residual compressive stress. It is found that increasing the oilstone pressure can significantly improve the residual compressive stress on the surface of the bearing raceway.
The Capture and Evaluation System of Student Actions in Physical Education Classroom Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Liu Guiyun , Crespo Rubén González , Manickam Adhiyaman
Published: October 2022

Nowadays, it is essential to capture and evaluate student action in the physical education classroom to assess their behavior. Every student’s performance is unique in physical activity. Every time, the staff or trainer cannot watch and evaluate the students individually. At the university level, the use of classroom capture systems is becoming more widespread. However, due to technology’s recent growth and application, the research on classroom capture systems’ efficacy in university classrooms has been minimal. This paper is proposed for the student action capture and evaluation system. Image preprocessing is the process of preparing pictures for use in model training and inference. This covers resizing, orienting, and color adjustments, among other things. As a result, a change that can be an augmentation in certain cases can be better served as a pretreatment step in others. The DL-IF uses cloud technology for data storage and evaluation. DL-IF uses the imaging technology to monitor students’ actions and responses in the classroom. The image data are evaluated based on the trained set of data provided in DL-IF’s Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The evaluation of unique individuality in every student’s performance is reported to the respective trainer. The simulation analysis of the proposed method DL-IF proves that it can monitor, capture and evaluate every student’s action in all physical activity classrooms. Hence, it proved that this framework could work with high accuracy and minimized mean square error rate.
Modeling Large-Surface Impact-Induced Damage in Iteratively Characterized Filament-Wound Composite Pipes: A Numerical and Experimental Investigation
Authors: Giam Anthoni , Toh William , Tan Vincent Beng Chye
Published: October 2022

With the widespread use of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite pipes, their susceptibility to impact damage remains a significant cause of concern. This work investigates the structural response and damage propagation of glass-fiber reinforced epoxy (GRE) pipes under large-surface low-velocity impacts. A series of drop-weight impact tests of varying heights is conducted and compared to numerical finite element (FE) simulations. Then, plies are individually modeled and assigned with properties obtained from the authors’ earlier work. Utilizing composite failure theories and mixed-mode delamination theories, the simulated structural responses including the load–displacement, strain–displacement response and damage propagation are compared and validated with the experimental results. It was found that the structural response is well predicted at higher drop heights and there is a significant change in damage type and propagation with increasing drop heights. The proposed approach builds on the authors’ earlier work and provides a modeling approach for the prediction of structural response, inter- and intra-laminar damage with just pipe level properties.