bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Internal Organization of Consumers' Cognitive Schemata
Authors: Friedmann Roberto , Fox Richard
Published: August 2011

An operational definition for internal-based versus external-based schema variables via the tangible versus intangible dichotomy is provided. Using strings of one-word associations made in response to a verbal stimulus, the stochastic structure associated with the use of these variables is investigated. Analysis shows that a first-order Markov chain model which allows for dependence between two consecutive schema variables is more appropriate than a Bernoulli model in the description of the internal organization of cognitive schemata. The phenomena of “chunking” and tangible versus intangible dominance are expressed in the context of the parameters associated with a first-order Markov chain.
On the Number and Nature of Common Factors Extracted by the Eigenvalue-One Rule Using BMDP VS SPSSX
Authors: Hubbard Raymond , Allen Stuart J.
Published: August 2011

Given nuances in the computer programs, unwary researchers performing a common factor analysis on the same set of data can be expected to arrive at very different conclusions regarding the number and nature of extracted factors if they use the BMDP, as opposed to the SPSSx (or SAS), statistical software package. This is illustrated using six well-known empirical data sets from the psychology literature.
Social Distance: A Study of Changing Views of Young Mormons toward Black Individuals
Authors: Kunz Phillip R. , Oheneba-Sakyi Yaw
Published: August 2011

This study reports the changes of Bogardus Social Distance scores for beginning students at Brigham Young University from 1979 to 1989. A revelation was reported by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints in 1978 which permitted black members to receive the Priesthood on an equal basis with whites. An earlier study reported an initial decrease in the social distance toward black members by the university students. This study was designed to ascertain whether that decrease was sustained over the 10-yr. period, or whether the initial decrease may have stemmed from the euphoria felt at the time of the announced revelation. The data support the notion that the change has been genuine and sustained, although not as dramatic as in the period immediately following the announcement which gave the Priesthood to black members.
A Doctoral Program for the Working Psychologist
Authors: Motta Robert W. , Vane Julia R.
Published: August 2011

The doctoral program in School-Community Psychology at Hofstra University was designed to permit master's-level psychologists to enter a doctoral training program without giving up their full-time employment. Classes within the program take place on Saturdays, evenings and during the summer. This program helps to address the problem of the two-tier system of MAs and Ph.D. psychologists which is viewed as a highly controversial issue for the profession of psychology. The program has been enthusiastically supported by graduates who feel that they have benefited a great deal by obtaining their doctorates.
Note on Cohen's Kappa
Authors: Kvålseth Tarald O.
Published: August 2011

Cohen's Kappa is a measure of the over-all agreement between two raters classifying items into a given set of categories. This communication describes a simple computational method of determining the agreement on specific categories without the need to collapse the original data table as required by the previous Kappa-based method. It is also pointed out that Kappa may be formulated in terms of certain distance metrics. The computational procedure for the specific agreement measure is exemplified using hypothetical data from psychological diagnoses.
Reliability of Parental Reports Using the Katz Adjustment Scales: Before and after Hospital Admission for Schizophrenia
Authors: Parker Gordon , Johnston Penny
Published: August 2011

We examined the interrater and test-retest reliability of the KATZ Adjustment Scale (Relative rated or R form) longitudinally in a sample of schizophrenic patients, assessing their function before hospital admission, as well as at 1 and 9 mo. after discharge. Changes in mean scores over those assessments suggested sensitivity to change while mothers and fathers both completed the measure with moderate consistency over time. Interrater reliability was moderate at best and quite poor at initial testing, when the subjects were most disturbed clinically, suggesting that the scales may be acceptable when the individual is stable but that ratings may be unreliable when there is an exacerbation in clinical state.
The Value Content of Organizational Mission as a Factor in the Commitment of Members
Authors: Vardi Yoav , Wiener Yoash , Popper Micha
Published: August 2011

In a quasi-experimental design, organizational mission was examined as an influence on individual behavior of members. Workers in an organization with a high value-content-mission exhibited higher normative commitment than workers in a control (neutral mission) organization. No differences were found, however, in instrumental commitment. This finding supports the distinction between normative and instrumental processes in a motivational analysis.
Comparability of Wais and Wais—R Scores among Mentally Retarded Adults
Authors: Raggio Donald J.
Published: August 2011

This study compared the performance on the WAIS and WAIS—R of 21 mentally retarded adults residing in an Intermediate Care Facility. Tests were administered in one order, the WAIS initially and the WAIS—R second, with approximately two years between testings. Significant differences were found on the WAIS and WAIS—R for Verbal, Performance and Full Scale IQs. This finding contrasts with the differences between the measures as reported in the WAIS—R manual.
Childhood Photographs of Homosexual and Heterosexual Men
Authors: Grellert Edward A.
Published: August 2011

20 homosexual men and 20 heterosexual men, including a pair of discordant identical twins, contributed photographs of themselves at 6 mo. to 6 yr. of age for judging on personality. 18 traits were rated successfully. Factor analysis yielded two factors, Extroversion and Toughness. Data for only 19 homosexual and 11 heterosexual men were usable for the t tests; no significant differences were found, although trends for the homosexual group suggested less Extroversion and less Toughness. For the twins, photographs the mother identified as the homosexual twin were rated as showing less Extroversion and less Toughness. In conclusion, no obvious differences were found in the ratings of homosexuals' childhood photographs but slight differences were hinted at.
Relations between Preventive Health Behavior and Hardiness
Authors: Nagy Stephen , Nix Charles L.
Published: August 2011

To estimate the relationship between hardiness and preventive health behaviors a hardiness scale and a health hazard appraisal were administered to 211 college students. Multiple regression analysis indicated that modest amounts of variance on the hardiness measures were explained by the components of the health-hazard appraisals. Indications are that the concepts of hardiness and preventive health behavior are related and need further clarification.
Attitudes toward Women as Managers with Regard to Sex, Education, Work, and Marital Status
Authors: Ware Roger , Cooper-Studebaker Jerilyn J.
Published: August 2011

Participants were 58 undergraduate and 55 MBA students who were administered the Women as Managers Scale. Analysis indicated that over-all, females rated women as managers more favorably than did males. Much of the difference was accounted for with the category of traits considered necessary to managerial success. Part-time workers and graduate students indicated more favorable attitudes. More specifically, male graduate students who worked part time indicated significantly more favorable attitudes in this category than those who worked full time and attended undergraduate school.
Relationships between Adaption-Innovation, Experienced Control, and State-Trait Anxiety
Authors: Elder Richard L.
Published: August 2011

This study examines correlations among scores on the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory, the Tiffany Control Scales, and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for 104 undergraduates enrolled in the general psychology classes at a middle-sized midwestern university. Analysis indicated that adaptors and innovators perceive control from and/or over some aspects of their lives differently. Innovators feel control over internal (self) and over external (environment) while adaptors feel control from internal (self) and from external (environment). These results suggest innovators generally feel that they are in control of both themselves and the environment. Adaptors, however, generally feel they are controlled by internal drives and impulses or environmental events. The present study yielded no correlation between choice of college major and adaption-innovation but more research is needed. A relation between adaption and state anxiety was found, which may suggest adaptors feel more pressure when completing a novel task (answering questionnaires) than innovators. Finally, no significant correlation was found between the Kirton scores and trait anxiety.
The Differential Diagnostic Technique: A Visual-Motor Projective Test: Further Research
Authors: Weininger O.
Published: August 2011

Within a wide variety of research settings and problems investigation the Differential Diagnostic Technique continues to indicate its usefulness as an objective measure of certain personality characteristics.
Diabetes and Illness Image: An Analysis of Diabetic Early-Adolescents' Self-Perception through the Draw-a-Person Test
Authors: Nuvoli Gianfranco , Maioli Mario , Ferrari Caterina , Pala Gavino , Chiaretti Giuseppina
Published: August 2011

To study the self-projective representations expressed by diabetic children, aged between 10 and 15 yr., and to compare these with representations of a control group the Draw-a-person test associated with those for subsequent Draw-a-sick-person were administered to 23 children regularly checked by an Antidiabetic Centre. The diabetic subjects drew an image of “sick person” having projective elements with a regressive value and denoting a refuge in the past, together with depressive signs of retiring into themselves and of less consideration of the self. Also, the diabetic children seemed to be less prone to the cultural stereotype which requires a smiling and happy image of “the healthy person.” At the same time there was also a transparent symbolic defense which allowed the diabetics to adapt variously and to move from their anxious state toward psychological recovery.
An Evaluation of Mood States among First-Year Residents
Authors: Kirsling Robert A. , Kochar Mahendr S. , Chan Carlyle H.
Published: August 2011

To examine the need for preventive and treatment interventions, a prevalence study was conducted to ascertain the rate of depressive symptomatology and other negative mood states among 112 first-year residents The participation rate was 54%. Subjects ( N = 61) were administered the Beck Depression Inventory and Profile of Mood States in personal interview sessions. The Profile measures five negative mood states, namely, “tension-anxiety,” “depression-dejection,” “anger-hostility,” “fatigue-inertia,” “confusion-bewilderment,” and one positive state, “vigor-activity.” A 15.5% rate of depression was found, which is lower than a rate of 23 5%, also measured by Beck's inventory, among a sample of university undergraduates and 19 9% among an adult sample from the general population. No differences were observed among residency programs or sex on Beck's scale; however, significantly higher scores were found for women on the “depression-dejection” dimension of the Profile. The mean scores on all negative mood dimensions of the Profile were below the mean for university undergraduate norms. Neither sleep nor hours worked over the past week were associated with increased Beck scores. These results indicate that sleep deprivation and long work hours did not contribute to depression among the subjects who participated in the study. Female interns, however, appear to be at increased risk of depression, and adequate support systems need to be provided.
Screening Procedure for Use with a Self-Help Book to Overcome Dating Anxiety
Authors: Grossman Kandee S. , McNamara J. Regis
Published: August 2011

Descriptive results from a screening procedure used to qualify individuals for inclusion into a study evaluating the efficacy of self-help manual are presented.
Brief Resolution of the Issue of Similarity versus Complementarity in Mate Selection Using Height Preferences as a Model
Authors: Wilson Warner
Published: August 2011

Do birds of a feather flock together or do opposites attract? Do we marry someone who reinforces our strengths and who shares our weaknesses or do we marry someone whose strengths, weaknesses, and needs are complementary to our own? Investigations into this question have established two facts. The first fact is that most people have a strong conviction that opposites do attract, that we want and choose someone complementary. The second fact, however, is that most data show that we in fact choose someone similar. A possible resolution is offered by the hypothesis that on some dimensions at least we want someone rather similar to ourselves but still just different enough to create a comfortable contrast in the correct direction. One might call this idea the contrast hypothesis or contrast model of mate selection. Preferences in regard to height fit this hypothesis to some degree at least and indeed a contemplation of height preferences inspired the notion in the first place. The present article uses simulated height-preference data to present the model and to illustrate statistical techniques to test for the predicted outcomes.
The Ceo: An Analysis of the Cnn Telecast ‘Pinnacle’
Authors: Piotrowski Chris , Armstrong Terry R.
Published: August 2011

The present study investigated leadership characteristics of Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) from major corporations in the USA. The sample was obtained from 80 verbatim interviews on the CNN broadcast “Pinnacle.” 30 interviews were randomly selected and rated on 25 personality/lifestyle dimensions. The analyses indicated some consistent trends, namely, CEOs exhibited clear values, high tolerance for frustration, egalitarian attitudes, and dedication to the “work ethic.” Several surprising findings were noted, such as inadequate family life and low social visibility. Implications for research on the executives' personalities were discussed.
Cognitive Style and Alcoholics: A Comment on Robertson, Et Al.
Authors: Kirton Michael
Published: August 2011

Errors and ways of extending work with alcoholics as reported by Robertson, Fournet, Zelhart, and Estes in 1987 and 1988 are noted.
Navajo Ceremonial Gaps and Individual Selfhood
Authors: Hartley Eugene L. , Beaver William T.
Published: August 2011

The traditional Navajo wedding ceremony is examined. The ritual includes the depiction of a sample mandala and the welding of the couple into a unitary selfhood. The design on the wedding basket involves mandalas with ceremonial gaps. The open mandala is interpreted to represent an expanded selfhood that transcends the body and embraces the community and all phases of nature.
The Naturalistic Fallacy: Moral Inferences Drawn from Research with Children versus Adults
Authors: Kierniesky Nicholas C. , Sobus Mark
Published: August 2011

The naturalistic fallacy occurs when a person reads a report of scientific research and concludes that the moral implication of the research was included in the article when, in fact, it was not. For example, the fallacy is committed when a study contains the conclusion that TV advertising increases preference for sugar-based foods, but the reader later believes that the study concluded that TV advertising should be controlled. Previous research indicates that the commission of the fallacy was strong when memory for social research was tested. The present study showed that the commission of the fallacy was stronger when the research which was read involved children as subjects compared to adult subjects. Increased empathy for the subjects of a research article strengthens commission of the fallacy.
Cognitive and Social-Emotional Development of Children in Different Preschool Environments
Authors: Brand Handré J. , Welch Kim
Published: August 2011

62 English-speaking preschool children were divided into three groups, a Montessori group ( n = 21), a traditional preschool group ( n = 21), and a homestaying group ( n = 20) to compare their relative cognitive and social-emotional development. Significant differences in favour of the school groups were found for vocabulary, language comprehension, ability to judge the correctness of figural stimuli, visual memory, and perceptual organization. No differences were found for social-emotional development, and no relationship existed between type of preschool and level of development.
Subvocalization Rate versus other Predictors of the Memory Span
Authors: Standing Lionel , Curtis Lorie
Published: August 2011

Two experiments were performed to determine how accurately the immediate memory span may be predicted from the subject's subvocalization rate, as compared with other subject and stimulus variables. In the first, span and free-recall measures were obtained for 24 subjects, each tested with four types of spoken material (nonsense syllables, random words, fourth-order approximations to English, and normal prose). Silent subvocalization rate, whispered subvocalization rate, speaking rate, and silent reading rate were also measured for each subject. The span (3.9–14 items) showed the highest zero-order correlation with silent subvocalization rate: r = .80. Multiple regression analysis confirmed this as the span's best predictor, partial r = .31. Similar results were found for free-recall scores. In Exp. 2 the digit span was correlated against measures of age, intelligence, subvocalization rate, perceptual speed, and memory search rate, for 40 subjects aged 7 to 17 yr. The best zero-order predictor was age (.62), followed by subvocalization rate (.57) and intelligence (.39). Multiple regression analysis indicated that the span was best predicted by age, partial r = .37, and subvocalization rate, partial r = .29. The span appears more closely related to subjects' internal speech rate than to other cognitive functions.
Adaptors and Innovators in Large Organizations: Does Cognitive Style Characterize Actual Behavior of Employees at Work? An Exploratory Study
Authors: Clapp R. G. , De Ciantis S. M.
Published: August 2011

This study explores empirically the relationship between employees' cognitive preferences for different styles of creative problem-solving, as measured by the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory (KAI), and their actual behavior in relation to organizational change in a large industrial setting. The hypothesis that overt creativity, problem solving and decision-making behavior is modified in a large industrial setting (even though the underlying cognitive style preference remains intact) in a way that is predictable and observable, is supported and replicated across three work groups. The research design produces a matrix with cognitive style and actual behavior as its axes, constructed using the inventory, together with colleagues' ratings of behavior based on items from the same inventory. Implications for research into the situational influences affecting overt creative problem-solving behavior of individuals at work and organizational change and development are discussed.
Single-Source Response Bias in the Job Diagnostic Survey
Authors: Spangler William D.
Published: August 2011

Tests of the job characteristics model using the Job Diagnostic Survey have been criticized in the literature for having single-source response bias. To test this criticism, undergraduate and graduate students used the Job Diagnostic Survey to describe their job as “student” (the pretest). The same students then worked at and described a contrived job using the survey. Results from the current study suggested that personality and instrument characteristics had relatively minimal effects on interscale correlations of the scores in the survey within and across situations. However, response biases attributable to priming, consistency, and implicit theories artificially inflated interscale correlations.
Helping the Child with Cancer: What School Personnel Want to Know
Authors: Fryer Lynn L. , Saylor Conway F. , Finch A. J. , Smith Karen E.
Published: August 2011

As more children with cancer survive, the importance of facilitating school reintegration as a part of maximizing the quality of life has become evident. Workshops have been presented to school personnel to acquaint them with the issues facing cancer patients and their families, but there are gaps in our knowledge of what school personnel really need or want to know. In this study, 18 teachers of children with cancer and 15 teachers with no prior contact with students with cancer completed a questionnaire designed to assess needs, beliefs, and priorities with regard to working with cancer patients in the classroom. Significant findings included: (a) a consensus that a certain core of information about medical/psychological issues would be useful, and presentation of such information by psychologists and medical personnel working with such families would be optimal; (b) teachers having cancer patients as students were less likely to see the adaptation of siblings as an important issue; (c) teachers associated working with a student with cancer with less stress and demands on their time than predictable from previous studies; and (d) cancer patients as a whole were rated as having fewer behavioral, emotional, and learning problems than randomly selected students without a major illness, suggesting a “halo effect” or contradiction of some literature. Preliminary findings are detailed and implications are discussed for those attempting to help teachers facilitate students' adjustment to school following diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
Control-Related Beliefs and Sleep Characteristics of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Patients
Authors: Mikulincer Mario , Glaubman Hanania , Wasserman Orna , Porat Anat , Birger Moshe
Published: August 2011

To examine correlations among chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), control-related beliefs, and sleep difficulties 7 PTSD casualties and 7 non-PTSD matched subjects were compared in their laboratory sleep patterns as well as in their beliefs about personal control over external and internal events in general and over sleep-related events in particular. Analyses indicated that PTSD casualties had poorer sleep and reported more doubts regarding their ability to control external and internal events than control subjects. Further, we found a significant association between perceived control and sleep difficulties. Results were discussed in terms of Horowitz's conception of intrapsychic processes related to PTSD.
Job Satisfaction among School Psychologists: A Replication Study
Authors: Levinson Edward M.
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the results of Anderson, et al.'s 1984 national study of the job satisfaction of NASP affiliated school psychologists could be replicated in one state and with a sample that comprised both NASP-affiliated and nonaffiliated school psychologists. The job satisfaction of 362 school psychologists in Pennsylvania was analyzed using demographic data and the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire and other procedures nearly identical to those employed by Anderson, et al. Current results paralleled the results of Anderson, et al. both in the percentages of school psychologists who showed various levels of job satisfaction and in regard to sources of satisfaction and dissatisfaction.
Religiosity, Schizotypal Thinking, and Schizophrenia
Authors: Feldman Joan , Rust John
Published: August 2011

The relationship between religiosity and the incidence of schizotypal thinking was investigated in a normal sample and in acute and chronic schizophrenic samples. The Rust Inventory of Schizotypal Cognitions was administered to measure schizotypal thinking, and two religiosity measures were developed. Religiosity had a significantly negative relationship with schizotypal thinking in normal subjects, while in schizophrenic patients the relationship was positive and significantly different. It is suggested that the process of existential growth of awareness in the normal development of religious belief, which is thought to be associated with schizotypal thinking, may have proceeded differently in persons suffering from schizophrenia.
Further Validation of Three Short Forms of the Marlowe-Crowne Scale of Social Desirability
Authors: Fraboni Maryann , Cooper Douglas
Published: August 2011

This study evaluates three short forms of the Marlowe-Crowne Scale of Social Desirability (M-C Scale). Descriptive data, scale intercorrelations, and alpha coefficients are reported for the original Marlowe-Crowne Scale and the three short forms for a sample of 231 subjects and for subsamples of 72 men, 151 women, 109 college students, and 122 employed adults. Four separate multiple regression analyses were used to estimate the amount of variability in Marlowe-Crowne scores which could be attributed to age and socioeconomic status. Results were consistent with the original studies of the scales; however, multiple regression analysis indicated that both age and sex accounted for small but statistically significant amounts of variability in Marlowe-Crowne scores. The authors recommend use of a short form least affected by age and socioeconomic status. The need for further research into other factors which may affect Marlowe-Crowne scores is discussed.
The Personality-Trait Approach to Leader Effectiveness
Authors: Jones Robert E.
Published: August 2011

Noting that the 1989 article by Jaffe, Nebenzahl, and Gotesdyner yields data partially confirming prior work, it is recommended that research should focus on identifying the circumstances and personality traits to understand their interaction.
Multidimensionality of the Wagner and Morse Competence Index
Authors: Srinivasan P. T. , Anantharaman R. N.
Published: August 2011

This study examined the factor structure of the 1975 Wagner and Morse Sense of Competence Index. Data were collected from 380 managerial personnel. Factor analysis with varimax rotation confirms three reliable subdimensions. Implications are discussed.
Use of Profanity in the Counseling Interview
Authors: Kottke Janet L. , MacLeod Carolyn D.
Published: August 2011

Although profane language is used in the counseling interview by both clients and counselors, past research has focused on the counselor's use of profanity without considering whether the counselor is matching the language of the client. This research examined 160 college students' impressions of an audiotape of a female counselor who used profanity with either a male or female client who did or did not use profanity. In general, when the female counselor swore she was less likely to be sought for help. Further research is recommended.
Conservatism of Israeli Junior High School Students: Interethnic Differences
Authors: Katz Yaacov J.
Published: August 2011

The aims of the study were (a) to establish the factor structure characterizing Israeli junior high school students of Western and Oriental ethnic origin on the Children's Scale of Social Attitudes, (b) to compare the Israeli factor structure with those for school children from other societies, and (c) to examine whether the Israeli school children's factor structure resembled those for Israeli adults as well as for adults from other societies. Analysis indicated that Israeli junior high school children from both Western and Oriental ethnic groups were characterized by similar factors of general conservatism, namely, Religion, Antihedonism, and Punitiveness, although the Orientals were more conservative on these factors than the Westerners. In addition, the present factor structure resembled those for groups of school children as well as adults from other societies, reconfirming that factors of general conservatism have cross-cultural validity.
“Should i Have an Affair?”: A Case Study
Authors: Peschel Richard , Peschel Enid
Published: August 2011

Forced to face the possibility of dying of cancer soon, a patient may question previous values and practices. A medical practitioner can learn a lot from such patients about fear, guilt, depression, and hope.
Keypecking as a Self-Control Response
Authors: Lewis Paul , Lopatto David
Published: August 2011

Self-control was analyzed in an operant conditioning experiment using pigeons as subjects. In past experiments, subjects were presented a brief stimulus such that a peck against a response key during the stimulus resulted in a small reinforcer, and not pecking during the stimulus resulted in a large reinforcer, delivered sometime later. Pecking the response key represented a lack of self-control; not keypecking represented self-control. Because evidence shows a stimulus that precedes a reinforcer can elicit keypecking, and possibly complicate the analysis of the self-control, we changed the self-control response. We made keypecking the response that led to the large reinforcer, and we made not keypecking the response that led to the small reinforcer. This change greatly improved self-control as compared to previous experiments. It also illustrated the fact that many elicited responses were probably present in previous self-control experiments.
Subtypes of Limbic System Dysfunction Evoking Homicide in Limbic (?) Psychotic Trigger Reaction and Temporal Lobe Epilepsy—Evolutionary Constraints
Authors: Pontius Anneliese A.
Published: August 2011

Within an evolutionary context two subtypes of limbic system dysfunctioning are compared: (1) the previously proposed limbic psychotic trigger reaction, in which nondrive motivated homicide is triggered by a specific individualized external stimulus, which evokes a brief-lasting active reliving of past (moderately) stressful, frequently repeated (“kindled”?) situations. The brief-lasting out-of-character homicidal episode with flat affect is typically associated with first-time formed or unformed hallucinations of various modalities and with overactivation of the autonomic nervous system. There is no (noticeable) loss of consciousness, enabling the patient's full recall (at times with suicidal attempts) (Pontius, 1981, 1984, 1987). (2) A rare case of homicide during a fugue state with echopraxia in temporal lobe epilepsy is discussed.
Computer Analysis of Sensory Predicate Use in Written and Oral Communication
Authors: Durand Douglas , Weitzel John , Hansen Anita
Published: August 2011

Numerous studies have shown that the predominant activity for white collar work is communication. Much interpersonal communication depends upon nonverbal cues; these are significantly reduced or lost by electronic media (e.g., electronic mail). This study explored a possibility for maintaining interpersonal rapport while using information technology. Using Neurolinguistic Programming concepts, an analysis of written and spoken sensory predicate patterns was conducted. Sensory predicates were detected in both electronic and oral communications. The results hold promise for increased interpersonal rapport by automating the matching of predicates in electronic messages.
Hypnotic Susceptibility and its Relationship to Outcome in the Behavioral Treatment of Asthma: Some Preliminary Data
Authors: Infantino Annemarie , Lehrer Murphy Paul M. , Karlin Robert , Swartzman Leora , Hochron Stuart , McCann Barbara
Published: August 2011

12 subjects from an experiment on relaxation therapy for asthma were given the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A. Full scale hypnotic susceptibility scores were positively correlated, at a borderline significance, with improvement in the methacholine challenge test, a measure of asthma severity. Performance on the amnesia item of the Harvard Group Scale was correlated with improvement in self-reported symptoms of asthma.
The Cognitive Triad and Suicide Intent in Depressed in-Patients
Authors: Wetzel Richard D. , Reich Theodore
Published: August 2011

Daily ratings of self-esteem, hopelessness and suicide intent were made by senior psychiatric residents on 60 patients hospitalized for depression. Both hopelessness and low self-esteem correlated highly with suicide intent and both contributed independently to suicide intent. This suggested that self-esteem may be important in the development of suicide intent as well as hopelessness.
Motivation for Marriage among Women and Men
Authors: Inglis A. , Greenglass E. R.
Published: August 2011

This paper examines sex differences in motivation for marriage and related career/family plans. Never-married women and men indicated their wish to get married as well as the degree of importance they accorded various benefits and drawbacks associated with marriage. Women had significantly stronger motivation for marriage than did men. Both women and men gave similar ratings to the importance of the benefits and drawbacks of marriage. Women, however, accorded greater importance to the benefit “legal security” in marriage and to the drawback “marriage requires a lot of work” than did men. In addition, among correlations for the importance accorded spousal, parental, worker, and self roles and motivation for marriage scores for women, there was a negative correlation between importance of the worker-role and motivation for marriage while for men a positive value was found between these variables. Implications of these results are discussed from a sex-role perspective.
Caribbean, Black, and White College Students' Perceived Satisfaction at a Predominantly White University in the Southwest
Authors: Dillard John M.
Published: August 2011

This paper discusses findings of three student groups' perceived college satisfactions which indicated significant differences among the three groups ( ns = 112, 43, 275) on five subscales.
Changes in Drug Involvement: A Longitudinal Study of Childhood and Adolescent Determinants
Authors: Brook Judith S. , Whiteman Martin , Gordon Ann Scovell , Cohen Patricia
Published: August 2011

Previous research has identified childhood and adolescent personality determinants of early adolescent drug involvement. The purpose of the present study was to examine the determinants of increased involvement over time and to compare these results with previous findings regarding early involvement. Data were available on 654 white males and females at three points, Time 1 (T1) at ages 1–10 yr., Time 2 (T2) at ages 9–18 yr., and Time 3 (T3) at ages 11–20 yr. The subjects (at T2 and T3) and their mothers (at all three points) were given structured interviews assessing the child's personality and behavior. Results indicated that T1 traits of conventionality and emotional control were associated with similar traits at T2, which, in turn, were related to lower drug involvement over time (T2 and T3). Interactive effects indicated first that T2 adolescent protective (nondrug-conducive) factors weakened the effect of childhood-risk (drug-conducive) characteristics resulting in lower drug involvement. Second, high levels of earlier drug use interacted synergistically with personality risk leading to increased levels of involvement. Over-all, the personality factors implicated in increased involvement were similar to those related to earlier involvement.
Observations of Japanese Men and Children in Public Places: A Comparative Study
Authors: Bailey William T. , Mackey Wade C.
Published: August 2011

The popular image of Japanese men, both in the United States and Japan, is that of “salaryman” who works such long hours that he has no time left for his children. The little empirical evidence available, however, suggests that Japanese men have familial involvement patterns not unlike those of men in the United States. In the study reported here, prepubertal children and adult males in Japan and the USA were observed together disproportionately more often during those times when men were not precluded (by work) from being with children. Further, during those periods children were more likely to be found in groups containing men rather than with women only. In both countries women continue to be the primary caregivers of children. However, previous research has shown that men in the USA, compared to men in other cultures, are not totally uninvolved; Japanese men are not either.
Guidelines for Conducting and Reporting Meta-Analyses
Authors: Rothstein Hannah R. , McDaniel Michael A
Published: August 2011

As meta-analytic methods are being applied to an ever wider variety of research domains, it is becoming apparent that researchers need more guidance than is currently available to produce replicable and consistent sets of findings. The present paper suggests some general guidelines to govern four critical steps in the meta-analytic process These are (1) selection and coding of studies, (2) correction of coefficients for artifacts, (3) interpretation of results, and (4) resolution of conflicting meta-analyses.
Burnout among Primary Care Physicians and Mental Health Professionals in a Managed Health Care Setting
Authors: Snibbe John R. , Radcliffe Tony , Weisberger Calvin , Richards Mary , Kelly Joyce
Published: August 2011

This study assessed burnout within a large Health Maintenance Organization. Primary care physicians and one psychiatric clinic staff were studied. The Maslach Burnout Inventory was used to develop frequency data in the areas of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal achievement. Among the primary care physicians, moderate emotional exhaustion, and depersonalization were found. Personal achievement was high. Among the psychiatric staff, high emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were found. Again, personal achievement was high. The entire professional group, with the one exception, was significantly higher in emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal achievement than Maslach's normative sample. Psychiatrists and social workers had significantly higher scores on depersonalization than the primary care physicians or psychologists. High burnout in a Health Maintenance Organization setting suggests that managed health care providers may be more prone to burnout than fee-for-service practitioners. Several suggestions were made for such organizations to help alleviate burnout in their staffs.
Anxiety among Children in Israel
Authors: Ginter Earl J. , Lufi Dubi , Trotzky Arthur S. , Richmond Bert O.
Published: August 2011

A sample of 676 children from Israel participated in the present study. They resided in either a city ( n = 105) or kibbutz ( n = 571) in northern or central Israel. Participants completed an Hebrew version of the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale. The current study hypothesized that anxiety is multidimensional in nature. It was also hypothesized that anxiety, given the unique environment of Israel, would be associated with different sources of potential threat. The anxiety items comprising the revised scale were analyzed via a principal factor analysis with varimax rotation. A two-factor solution was retained as the most statistically sound solution; one factor was labeled Anticipatory Anxiety and the other Social Anxiety. The results support the hypotheses.
Reply to Vorhees' Comments: What is the Proper Unit of Analysis for the Collaborative Behavioral Teratology Study Data?
Authors: Tachibana Toshiaki
Published: August 2011

Vorhees (1989) argued critically that my reanalysis of the Collaborative Behavioral Teratology Study data was performed on the basis of improper unit of analyses. It was shown that his criticism is unwarranted. The erroneous logic underlying the collaborative study's conclusion that excellent reproducibility of data was obtained was confirmed.
Relationship between Religiousness and Trait Anxiety: Fact or Artifact?
Authors: Frenz Arthur W. , Carey Michael P.
Published: August 2011

Previous research with conservative Christians has examined the relationship between religious orientation and trait anxiety. Typically, such studies have shown that intrinsically oriented persons experience lower trait anxiety than do their extrinsically oriented peers. The present study extends this line of research by investigating a religiously heterogeneous sample and by analyzing the interactive effects of religious orientation and sex. In addition, analyses were conducted using a recently recommended four-fold scoring method, which permits a more refined assessment of religiousness. Contrary to previous research, the findings obtained in the current study do not support the proposed relationship between religiousness and trait anxiety. Sex of subjects did not influence these findings. Interpretation of these results and suggestions for research are offered.
Construct Validity of the Lethal Behaviors Scale
Authors: Thorson James A. , Powell F. C.
Published: August 2011

A Lethal Behaviors (LB) scale and Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS) Form V were completed by 535 university students. The Pearson correlation of the scores on Lethal Behaviors scale with sensation seeking was .60 and was .53 with the Thrill and Adventure Seeking subscale of Zuckerman's scale. Younger men were significantly higher in both lethal behaviors and sensation-seeking.
Factors in Adults' Attitudes toward Pets
Authors: Kidd A. H. , Kidd R. M.
Published: August 2011

Because the literature on factors influencing the average adult's attitudes and attachment to pet animals is extremely limited, this study was designed to investigate whether present pet ownership or nonownership, childhood ownership or nonownership, sex, and family size were significant influences on adults' attitudes and attachment to pets. 900 adults were given either the Wilson Pet Attitude Inventory for Pet Owners or for Nonpet Owners. Statistical analysis of responses indicated that current pet owners were more attached to pets than nonowners, that adults who had owned pets as children or adolescents were more attached than those who never owned or who first owned them as adults, that women were more attached than men, that single subjects were more attached than married subjects, and that childless subjects were more attached than those who were parents.
Are Employment-Interview Skills a Correlate of Subtypes of Schizophrenia?
Authors: Charisiou James , Jackson Henry J. , Boyle Gregory J. , Burgess Philip , Minas I. Harry , Joshua Stephen D.
Published: August 2011

46 inpatients with a DSM-III diagnosis of schizophrenia were assessed in the week prior to discharge from hospital on measures of positive and negative symptoms and on 12 measures of employment interview skills (i.e., eye contact, facial gestures, body posture, verbal content, voice volume, length of speech, motivation, self-confidence, ability to communicate, manifest adjustment, manifest intelligence, over-all interview skill), and a global measure of employability. A cluster analysis based on the total positive and negative symptom scores produced two groups. The group with the lower mean negative symptom score exhibited better employment-interview skills and higher ratings on employability.
Student Leaders and Social Performance as Measured by the Social Performance Survey Schedule
Authors: Karnes Frances A. , D'Ilio Victor
Published: August 2011

There is a paucity of research on the social skills of student leaders, although studies have been conducted on other groups of students and adults. In this study, the Social Performance Survey Schedule was administered to 114 student leaders in Grades 6 to 11. Consistent with previous research applying the survey on diverse populations, girls engaged in more positive social behaviors, fewer negative behaviors, and had higher over-all performance than boys. Suggestions for those who may have contact with such students were made.
Preliminary Investigation of the Relationship between Religion and Psychological Distress in Black Women
Authors: Handal Paul J. , Black-Lopez Wandamarie , Moergen Stephanie
Published: August 2011

Analysis of the relationship for 114 black women (a 15% sample) between religion, measured by the Integration Scale of the Personal Religiosity Inventory, and psychological distress, measured by the Langner Symptom Survey, an epidemiological measure with a valid cut-off score to identify individuals in distress, yielded statistically significant and clinically meaningful information for high and low religious groups ( ns = 42 and 13). A low level of religion was associated with significant mental distress while a high level of religion was associated with adjustment scores that did not reflect psychological distress
Psychotherapists' Religious Beliefs and Their Perception of the Psychotherapy Process
Authors: Gibson William C. , Herron William G.
Published: August 2011

In a comparison of religious and nonreligious psychotherapists' perceptions of a portion of a psychotherapeutic session no significant differences were found on the Vanderbilt Psychotherapy Process Scale for four groups of therapists designated according to their scores on three religious questionnaires. While the results suggest attitudes toward religion are not reflected in therapists' practice of psychotherapy, limitations of the study indicate the need for more rigorous testing of this possibility.
Personality, Stress and Disease: Description and Validation of a New Inventory
Authors: Grossarth-Maticek R. , Eysenck H. J.
Published: August 2011

The construction of a new Personality-Stress Inventory is discussed, based on previous research and other types of inventory constructed on the same principles. Scores on the inventory divide people into six types, selectively prone to different types of disease. The instrument is administered twice, with six months intervening, and changes in the inventory scores are prognostic of the probability of contracting different diseases. Evidence is presented to show the validity of the questionnaire and the method used.
The Empirical Testing of Harter's Self-Concept Matrix on Female Adult Students
Authors: Lavallée Marguerite , Chagnon Ghislaine , Pelletier René
Published: August 2011

This research aimed at testing an hypothetical matrix to be used for the study of self-concept development within a life-span perspective. Following data categorization collected from 111 female university students, a significant relationship was found between structural levels and content dimensions, demonstrating a linear form of development. Also several content dimensions were often used in subjects' self-definitions, illustrating the multidimensional aspect of such development in adults.
Relationship of Therapists' Sex, Sex-Role, and Age to Awareness of the Salience of Gender-Related Concepts in Analogue Research: A Preliminary Finding regarding Distribution of Therapists by Sex-Role
Authors: Livingston Mary M.
Published: August 2011

In response to speculation that awareness of feminist concerns had made patient analogue studies transparent, the present study was done to estimate the extent and correlates of therapists' awareness of the gender-related characteristics of such a sex-role questionnaire. A national sample of 131 male and 120 female therapists showed that male therapists tend to be sex-typed and female therapists are predominantly androgynous. No significant relationship obtained between the therapists' sex-role and their awareness that this experiment involved gender. The relationship between sex of therapist and awareness only approached significance. Younger therapists tended to be more aware than older ones.
Validity of a Short Measure of Child Sexual Abuse for Use in Adult Mental Health Surveys
Authors: Bagley Christopher
Published: August 2011

An 18-yr. follow-up of 49 children for whom presence or apparent absence of sexual abuse was independently verified by social service reports in childhood, indicated partial validity for a recently developed measure of sexual abuse. Of 19 subjects known to have been sexually abused in childhood, 74% recalled details of such abuse when young adults.