bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent New Drug Approvals, Part 2: Drugs Undergoing Active Clinical Studies in Children
Authors: Chhim Rebecca F. , Shelton Chasity M. , Christensen Michael L.
Published: April 2013

The objective of this 2-part review is to provide information about drugs that have been recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Part 1 reviewed recently approved drugs with pediatric indications. Part 2 reviews drugs recently approved only in adults and have published or ongoing studies in children.
Effects of Methylprednisolone Infusions on Vital Signs in Children With Headaches
Authors: Heidrich Elaine , Greene Gail , Weberding Jessica , Lin Li , McGee Susan
Published: April 2013

OBJECTIVES

Intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) infusions have been associated with adverse cardiovascular effects. Inconsistent monitoring practices in a pediatric hospital led to questions about patient safety and allocation of nursing resources. This study describes vital sign changes in children and monitoring practices related to IVMP.

METHODS

This retrospective chart review received Institutional Review Board approval. Children aged 5 to 17 years receiving IVMP from January 2006 to January 2009 were included. Seventy-four patients with 94 hospital admissions were evaluated. Data collected included systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate, as well as the time and dosage of IVMP. Frequency of vital sign monitoring as ordered and as performed was described. Interrater reliability was calculated, and descriptive statistics were used in the data analysis.

RESULTS

At baseline, about half of the patients had vital signs out of normal range for age. After the first dose, vital signs fluctuated, with a majority having greater than 10% changes from baseline as increases, decreases, or both. Time of initial 10% change in vital signs ranged from immediately after the dose to 135.5 hours later. Increased vital sign changes were seen in the older patients and in patients receiving higher doses. Monitoring of vital signs occurred more frequently than was ordered. Only 1 patient had a specific order for monitoring with IVMP.

CONCLUSIONS

The patients included in this study experienced documented fluctuations in vital signs. A prospective study to evaluate the relationship of IVMP and patient safety will assist in standardizing vital sign monitoring guidelines.
Effect of a Resident Physician Educational Program on Pediatric Emergency Department Pharmacy Interventions and Medication Errors
Authors: Foster Megan E. , Lighter Donald E. , Godambe Ashok V. , Edgerson Brandon , Bradley Randy , Godambe Sandip
Published: April 2013

PURPOSE

To determine the effects of a resident physician educational program in a pediatric emergency department (ED) on pharmacy interventions and medication errors, particularly dose adjustments, order clarifications, and adverse drug events (ADE).

METHODS

The ED pharmacist recorded all interventions and medication errors on weekdays from 3 to 11 pm during a 9-month period, consisting of a preobservational (Quarter 1), observational (Quarter 2), and interventional (Quarter 3) phases. Program implementation occurred in Quarter 3, with an initial 3-hour lecture during the ED orientation, followed by daily patient case discussions. Weekly interventions and errors were analyzed using statistical process control u-chart analyses. Chi-square analyses of independence were also performed. Resident and ED staff feedback on the program was obtained through anonymous internet-based surveys.

RESULTS

A total of 3507 interventions were recorded during the 9-month period. Chi-square approximation and interval estimation of odds ratio showed a statistically significant decrease between Quarters 1 and 3 in the number of dose adjustments (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.324–0.689) and order clarifications (95% CI, 0.137 to 0.382) after initiation of the program. The decline in ADE, while not as substantial (95% CI, 0.003 to 1.078), still achieved a level of significance (90% CI, 0.006 to 0.674). Survey results were positive toward the program.

CONCLUSIONS

The implementation of a resident physician educational program in our pediatric ED significantly decreased the number of medication errors, increased resident physician awareness of the potential for errors, and increased ED pharmacist utilization.
Vancomycin and Gentamicin Pharmacokinetic Alterations in an Adolescent Amputee
Authors: Nichols Kristen R. , Edison Kari M. , Rosenbaum Michelle D. , Knoderer Chad A.
Published: April 2013

A 14-year-old male with bilateral above-the-knee amputations presented to our hospital for treatment of a skin and soft-tissue infection. We report the experience of vancomycin and gentamicin therapy in this patient. Because these medications require weight-based dosages and pharmacokinetic monitoring of serum levels, it was necessary to obtain peak and trough levels of the two drugs in order to determine the pharmacokinetic differences in this patient compared to those in an adolescent male without amputations. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing pharmacokinetic differences in an adolescent amputee.
Essential Tremor
Authors: Elias W. Jeffrey , Shah Binit B.
Published: July 2024

This JAMA Insights discusses the diagnostic evaluation and treatment, including pharmacological, nonpharmacological, and surgical options, of essential tremor.
Performance of a Large Language Model in Screening Citations
Authors: Oami Takehiko , Okada Yohei , Nakada Taka-aki
Published: July 2024

Importance

Large language models (LLMs) are promising as tools for citation screening in systematic reviews. However, their applicability has not yet been determined.

Objective

To evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of an LLM in title and abstract literature screening.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This prospective diagnostic study used the data from the title and abstract screening process for 5 clinical questions (CQs) in the development of the Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock. The LLM decided to include or exclude citations based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria in terms of patient, population, problem; intervention; comparison; and study design of the selected CQ and was compared with the conventional method for title and abstract screening. This study was conducted from January 7 to 15, 2024.

Exposures

LLM (GPT-4 Turbo)–assisted citation screening or the conventional method.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The sensitivity and specificity of the LLM-assisted screening process was calculated, and the full-text screening result using the conventional method was set as the reference standard in the primary analysis. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were also estimated, and screening times of the 2 methods were compared.

Results

In the conventional citation screening process, 8 of 5634 publications in CQ 1, 4 of 3418 in CQ 2, 4 of 1038 in CQ 3, 17 of 4326 in CQ 4, and 8 of 2253 in CQ 5 were selected. In the primary analysis of 5 CQs, LLM-assisted citation screening demonstrated an integrated sensitivity of 0.75 (95% CI, 0.43 to 0.92) and specificity of 0.99 (95% CI, 0.99 to 0.99). Post hoc modifications to the command prompt improved the integrated sensitivity to 0.91 (95% CI, 0.77 to 0.97) without substantially compromising specificity (0.98 [95% CI, 0.96 to 0.99]). Additionally, LLM-assisted screening was associated with reduced time for processing 100 studies (1.3 minutes vs 17.2 minutes for conventional screening methods; mean difference, −15.25 minutes [95% CI, −17.70 to −12.79 minutes]).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this prospective diagnostic study investigating the performance of LLM-assisted citation screening, the model demonstrated acceptable sensitivity and reasonably high specificity with reduced processing time. This novel method could potentially enhance efficiency and reduce workload in systematic reviews.
Evidence From the USPSTF and New Approaches to Evaluate Interventions to Prevent Child Maltreatment
Authors: Hart Laura C. , Viswanathan Meera , Nicholson Wanda K. , Silverstein Michael , Stevermer James , Harris Sheena , Ali Rania , Chou Roger , Doran Emma , Hudson Kesha , Rains Caroline , Sathe Nila , Zolotor Adam J.
Published: July 2024

Importance

The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) has considered the topic of prevention of child maltreatment multiple times over its nearly 40-year history, each time reaching the conclusion that the evidence is insufficient to recommend for or against interventions aimed at preventing this important health problem with significant negative sequelae before it occurs. In the most recent evidence review, which was conducted from August 2021 to November 2023 and published in March 2024, the USPSTF considered contextual questions on the evidence for bias in reporting and diagnosis of maltreatment in addition to key questions regarding effectiveness of interventions to prevent child maltreatment.

Observations

A comprehensive literature review found evidence of inaccuracies in risk assessment and racial and ethnic bias in the reporting of child maltreatment and in the evaluation of injuries concerning for maltreatment, such as skull fractures. When children are incorrectly identified as being maltreated, harms, such as unnecessary family separation, may occur. Conversely, when children who are being maltreated are missed, harms, such as ongoing injury to the child, continue. Interventions focusing primarily on preventing child maltreatment did not demonstrate consistent benefit or information was insufficient. Additionally, the interventions may expose children to the risk of harm as a result of these inaccuracies and biases in reporting and evaluation. These inaccuracies and biases also complicate assessment of the evidence for making clinical prevention guidelines.

Conclusions and Relevance

There are several potential strategies for consideration in future efforts to evaluate interventions aimed at the prevention of child maltreatment while minimizing the risk of exposing children to known biases in reporting and diagnosis. Promising strategies to explore might include a broader array of outcome measures for addressing child well-being, using population-level metrics for child maltreatment, and assessments of policy-level interventions aimed at improving child and family well-being. These future considerations for research in addressing child maltreatment complement the USPSTF’s research considerations on this topic. Both can serve as guides to researchers seeking to study the ways in which we can help all children thrive.
Diet Quality Among Children
Authors: Ding Guodong , Wen Chaochao , Chen Yan , Vinturache Angela , Zhang Yongjun
Published: July 2024

This cross-sectional study uses data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the USDA’s Food Patterns Equivalents Database from 2005 to 2020 to assess temporal changes in diet quality among US children aged 12 to 23 months.
Bipolar Textile Composite Electrodes Enabling Flexible Tandem Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Wei Zhenyao , Luo Yufeng , Yu Wancheng , Zhang Yufei , Cai Jiehua , Xie Chuan , Chang Jian , Huang Qiyao , Xu Xiaoxiong , Deng Yonghong , Zheng Zijian
Published: July 2024

A majority of flexible and wearable electronics require high operational voltage that is conventionally achieved by serial connection of battery unit cells using external wires. However, this inevitably decreases the energy density of the battery module and may cause additional safety hazards. Herein, a bipolar textile composite electrode (BTCE) that enables internal tandem‐stacking configuration to yield high‐voltage (6 to 12 V class) solid‐state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) is reported. BTCE is comprised of a nickel‐coated poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabric (NiPET) core layer, a cathode coated on one side of the NiPET, and a Li metal anode coated on the other side of the NiPET. Stacking BTCEs with solid‐state electrolytes alternatively leads to the extension of output voltage and decreased usage of inert package materials, which in turn significantly boosts the energy density of the battery. More importantly, the BTCE‐based SSLMB possesses remarkable capacity retention per cycle of over 99.98% over cycling. The composite structure of BTCE also enables outstanding flexibility; the battery keeps stable charge/discharge characteristics over thousands of bending and folding. BTCE shows great promise for future safe, high‐energy‐density, and flexible SSLMBs for a wide range of flexible and wearable electronics.
Advancements and Perspectives in Folate‐Based Anticancer Drugs: Bridging Quantum and Classical Mechanics in Folate Receptor Research
Authors: Josiah Andrea Jess , Govender Krishna Kuben , Govender Penny Poomani , Sinha Ray Suprakas
Published: July 2024

This review highlights the role of computational chemistry, specifically quantum and molecular mechanics, in the development of folate‐based anticancer drugs. Folate receptors (FRs) are overexpressed in cancerous cells, rendering these receptors a key focus in the design of targeted drug delivery systems. These computational tools are fundamental for analyzing drug–receptor interactions and overcoming the limitations of traditional drug development processes. A 10‐year literature survey demonstrated advancements in employing FRs for targeted cancer therapy. Key findings reveal that structural modifications to folate derivatives consistently enhance binding affinities and specificity toward FRα and FRβ. Computational methodologies predicted and analyzed molecular interactions, validated by experimental data. Functional groups play a crucial role in enhancing binding stability and interaction strength within FR binding pockets. Detailed structural insights into folate derivatives and antifolates interacting with FRs have identified critical residues involved in binding, aiding the design of targeted therapeutics.
Double Imprinted Nanoparticles for Sequential Membrane‐to‐Nuclear Drug Delivery
Authors: Singla Pankaj , Broughton Thomas , Sullivan Mark V. , Garg Saweta , Berlinguer‐Palmini Rolando , Gupta Priyanka , Smith Katie J , Gardner Ben , Canfarotta Francesco , Turner Nicholas W. , Velliou Eirini , Amarnath Shoba , Peeters Marloes
Published: July 2024

Efficient and site‐specific delivery of therapeutics drugs remains a critical challenge in cancer treatment. Traditional drug nanocarriers such as antibody‐drug conjugates are not generally accessible due to their high cost and can lead to serious side effects including life‐threatening allergic reactions. Here, these problems are overcome via the engineering of supramolecular agents that are manufactured with an innovative double imprinting approach. The developed molecularly imprinted nanoparticles (nanoMIPs) are targeted toward a linear epitope of estrogen receptor alfa (ERα) and loaded with the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. These nanoMIPs are cost‐effective and rival the affinity of commercial antibodies for ERα. Upon specific binding of the materials to ERα, which is overexpressed in most breast cancers (BCs), nuclear drug delivery is achieved via receptor‐mediated endocytosis. Consequentially, significantly enhanced cytotoxicity is elicited in BC cell lines overexpressing ERα, paving the way for precision treatment of BC. Proof‐of‐concept for the clinical use of the nanoMIPs is provided by evaluating their drug efficacy in sophisticated three‐dimensional (3D) cancer models, which capture the complexity of the tumor microenvironment in vivo without requiring animal models. Thus, these findings highlight the potential of nanoMIPs as a promising class of novel drug compounds for use in cancer treatment.
DCAF7 Acts as A Scaffold to Recruit USP10 for G3BP1 Deubiquitylation and Facilitates Chemoresistance and Metastasis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Li Qing‐Jie , Fang Xue‐Liang , Li Ying‐Qin , Lin Jia‐Yi , Huang Cheng‐Long , He Shi‐Wei , Huang Sheng‐Yan , Li Jun‐Yan , Gong Sha , Liu Na , Ma Jun , Zhao Yin , Tang Ling‐Long
Published: July 2024

Despite docetaxel combined with cisplatin and 5‐fluorouracil (TPF) being the established treatment for advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), there are patients who do not respond positively to this form of therapy. However, the mechanisms underlying this lack of benefit remain unclear. DCAF7 is identified as a chemoresistance gene attenuating the response to TPF therapy in NPC patients. DCAF7 promotes the cisplatin resistance and metastasis of NPC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, DCAF7 serves as a scaffold protein that facilitates the interaction between USP10 and G3BP1, leading to the elimination of K48‐linked ubiquitin moieties from Lys76 of G3BP1. This process helps prevent the degradation of G3BP1 via the ubiquitin‒proteasome pathway and promotes the formation of stress granule (SG)‐like structures. Moreover, knockdown of G3BP1 successfully reversed the formation of SG‐like structures and the oncogenic effects of DCAF7. Significantly, NPC patients with increased levels of DCAF7 showed a high risk of metastasis, and elevated DCAF7 levels are linked to an unfavorable prognosis. The study reveals DCAF7 as a crucial gene for cisplatin resistance and offers further understanding of how chemoresistance develops in NPC. The DCAF7‐USP10‐G3BP1 axis contains potential targets and biomarkers for NPC treatment.
High‐Performance Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Conductive Hydrogels for Stretchable Elastic All‐Hydrogel Supercapacitors and Flexible Self‐Powered Integrated Systems
Authors: Cheng Tao , Liu Zhong‐Ting , Qu Jie , Meng Chao‐Fu , He Ling‐Jun , Li Lang , Yang Xuan‐Li , Cao Yu‐Jie , Han Kai , Zhang Yi‐Zhou , Lai Wen‐Yong
Published: July 2024

Conductive polymer hydrogels exhibit unique electrical, electrochemical, and mechanical properties, making them highly competitive electrode materials for stretchable high‐capacity energy storage devices for cutting‐edge wearable electronics. However, it remains extremely challenging to simultaneously achieve large mechanical stretchability, high electrical conductivity, and excellent electrochemical properties in conductive polymer hydrogels because introducing soft insulating networks for improving stretchability inevitably deteriorates the connectivity of rigid conductive domain and decreases the conductivity and electrochemical activity. This work proposes a distinct confinement self‐assembly and multiple crosslinking strategy to develop a new type of organic–inorganic hybrid conductive hydrogels with biphase interpenetrating cross‐linked networks. The hydrogels simultaneously exhibit high conductivity (2000 S m−1), large stretchability (200%), and high electrochemical activity, outperforming existing conductive hydrogels. The inherent mechanisms for the unparalleled comprehensive performances are thoroughly investigated. Elastic all‐hydrogel supercapacitors are prepared based on the hydrogels, showing high specific capacitance (212.5 mF cm−2), excellent energy density (18.89 µWh cm−2), and large deformability. Moreover, flexible self‐powered luminescent integrated systems are constructed based on the supercapacitors, which can spontaneously shine anytime and anywhere without extra power. This work provides new insights and feasible avenues for developing high‐performance stretchable electrode materials and energy storage devices for wearable electronics.
Selective and Controllable Cracking of Polyethylene Waste by Beta Zeolites with Different Mesoporosity and Crystallinity
Authors: Liu Yanchao , Dai Weijiong , Zheng Jiajun , Du Yanze , Wang Quanhua , Hedin Niklas , Qin Bo , Li Ruifeng
Published: July 2024

Waste plastics bring about increasingly serious environmental challenges, which can be partly addressed by their interconversion into valuable compounds. It is hypothesized that the porosity and acidity of a zeolite‐based catalyst will affect the selectivity and effectiveness, enabling a controllable and selective conversion of polyethylene (PE) into gas‐diesel or lubricating base oil. A series of embryonic, partial‐ and well‐crystalline zeolites beta with adjustable porosity and acidity are prepared from mesoporous SBA‐15. The catalysts and catalytic systems are studied with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and adsorption kinetics and catalytic reactions. The adjustable porosity and acidity of zeolite‐beta‐based catalysts achieve a controllable selectivity toward gas‐diesel or lubricating base oil for PE cracking. With a catalyst with mesopores and appropriate acid sites, a fast escape and reduced production of cracking of intermediates are observed, leading to a significant fraction (88.7%) of lubricating base oil. With more micropores, a high acid density, and strong acid strength, PE is multiply cracked into low carbon number hydrocarbons. The strong acid center of the zeolite is confirmed to facilitate significantly the activation of hydrogen (H2), and, an in situ ammonia poisoning strategy can significantly inhibit hydrogen transfer and effectively regulate the product distribution.
Caregiver coping mediates the relationship between caregivers’ understanding of dementia as terminal and their distress
Authors: Balasubramanian Ishwarya , Poco Louisa Camille , Andres Ellie Bostwick , Chaudhry Isha , Østbye Truls , Malhotra Chetna ,   PISCES study group
Published: July 2024

We assessed which coping strategies (problem‐focused, emotion‐focused, dysfunctional) mediate the association between caregivers’ understanding of dementia as terminal and their distress. A total of 215 caregivers of community‐dwelling persons with severe dementia were surveyed every 4 months over 3 years. A generalized structural equation model was used to test mediation. Caregivers who correctly understood dementia as terminal and those unsure (vs incorrect), experienced more distress (correct: β [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 0.80 [0.00 to 1.60]; unsure: 0.95 [0.04 to 1.87]). Caregivers with correct understanding of dementia as terminal (vs incorrect) employed more dysfunctional (2.01 [0.60 to 3.42]) and problem‐focused coping strategies (2.56 [0.08 to 5.05]). Although dysfunctional and problem‐focused coping (associated with higher distress) mediated the positive association between caregivers’ understanding that dementia is terminal and their distress, emotion‐focused coping (associated with lower distress) did not offset this relationship. Results suggest that terminal illness disclosure to caregivers should be accompanied by interventions to promote emotion‐focused coping strategies.

Highlights

Caregivers who understood dementia as terminal experienced more distress.

Dysfunctional and problem‐focused coping mediated the positive relationship between terminal illness understanding and caregiver distress.

Emotion‐focused coping did not offset this relationship.
Development of surface‐treated poly(lactic acid)/zinc oxide biocomposites for 3D printing in bone tissue engineering
Authors: Marega Felippe Migliato , Klok Larissa Aline , Steffen Teresa Tromm , Cunha Daniel A. L. V. , Harb Samarah V. , Kolanthai Elayaraja , Seal Sudipta , Becker Daniela , Pessan Luiz Antonio , Costa Lidiane Cristina
Published: July 2024

The increase in bone fractures has been driving the development of materials for bone repair with better mechanical and biological properties. This work reports the development of poly (lactic acid) (PLA)‐zinc oxide (ZnO) biocomposites for 3D printing of scaffolds to be applied in bone tissue engineering. The ZnO surface was functionalized with maleic anhydride (ZnOMA) by applying radio frequency plasma treatment as an alternative to control the catalytic effects of ZnO on the degradation of the PLA during the molten state processing. PLA and ZnOMA powders were processed using a heated internal mixer and the resulted biocomposites were used to manufacture scaffolds by 3D printing. The scaffolds were characterized by their rheological, thermal, microstructural, mechanical, and biological properties. Compositions containing ZnOMA presented higher viscosities, evidencing the control of degradation by surface functionalization, and achieved an elastic modulus near 1 GPa, suitable for bone applications, unlike the untreated samples. In relation to cell functions, PLA‐ZnOMA scaffolds exhibited cell viabilities at 160%, compared to 50% for untreated samples and stimulated mesenchymal stem cells toward osteoblast. Therefore, ZnO's negative thermal degradation effect on PLA was successfully overcome using plasma functionalization, enabling the 3D printing of bioactive scaffolds with great potential for application in tissue engineering.
Bombyx mori UFL1 facilitates BmNPV proliferation by regulating host cell apoptosis through PERK
Authors: Zheng Yijun , Meng Haonan , Jiang Xiaochun , Huang Shoujun
Published: July 2024

Ubiquitin‐fold modifier 1 (UFM1) is attached to protein substrates through the sequential activity of an E1 (UBA5)‐E2 (UFC1)‐E3 (UFL1) cascade. UFL1 is the E3 ligase for UFMylation in vertebrates. However, there have been no studies on UFL1 in silkworm to date. In this study, we identified a UFL1 ortholog in Bombyx mori genome. Spatio‐temporal expression profiles showed that BmUFL1 expression was high in the midgut, epidermis, and testis and in the pupa–adult stage. BmUFL1 knockdown inhibited B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) proliferation, while BmUFL1 overexpression promoted BmNPV proliferation. Mechanically, protein kinase RNA‐like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) signaling and cell apoptosis are involved in BmUFL1‐regulated BmNPV proliferation. Overall, these results suggest that BmUFL1 facilitates BmNPV proliferation in silkworm.
Coordination Site Selective Occupation Strategy for Tuning the Photosalient Effects of Photoactive Cd Complexes
Authors: Zhao Shuang , Wang Ning , James Young David , Mi Yan , Hu Fei‐Long
Published: July 2024

The application of photo responsive crystals to useful actuation demands a rational design to elicit controllable movement. The [2+2] photocycloaddition reaction triggers mechanical motion using associated photosalient (PS) effects. We herein report a coordination site selective occupation strategy to modulate the arrangement of C=C bonds and thereby tune the PS effect. Replacing or repositioning the donor atom at one end of the linear ligand allowed for a greater level of molecular structural flexibility, facilitating [2+2] photocycloaddition. The distance between photoreactive centres and coordination sites was adjusted by ligand design to regulate PS behaviour. This work suggests new avenues for modulating PS movement to achieve useful motion.
Pharmacological activation of mesenchymal stem cells increases gene expression pattern of cell adhesion molecules and fusion with neonatal cardiomyocytes
Authors: Khan Irfan , Muneer Rabbia , Qazi Rida‐e‐Maria , Salim Asmat
Published: July 2024

Cellular therapy is considered a better option for the treatment of degenerative disorders. Different cell types are being used for tissue regeneration. Despite extensive research in this field, several issues remain to be addressed concerning cell transplantation. One of these issues is the survival and homing of administered cells in the injured tissue, which depends on the ability of these cells to adhere. To enhance cell adherence and survival, Rap1 GTPase was activated in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as well as in cardiomyocytes (CMs) by using 8‐pCPT‐2′‐O‐Me‐cAMP, and the effect on gene expression dynamics was determined through quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction analysis. Pharmacological activation of MSCs and CMs resulted in the upregulation of connexin‐43 and cell adhesion genes, which increased the cell adhesion ability of MSCs and CMs, and increased the fusion of MSCs with neonatal CMs. Treating stem cells with a pharmacological agent that activates Rap1a before transplantation can enhance their fusion with CMs and increase cellular regeneration.
Transcatheter Fontan completion: Creation of an extracardiac Fontan
Authors: Boudjemline Younes , Hijazi Ziyad M. , Sallehuddin Ahmad , Ghez Olivier
Published: July 2024

Patients with functionally univentricular hearts are usually palliated surgically. There have been several reports of successful attempts to complete the Fontan procedure without surgery. The pathways created at the time of the preconditioning were largely reminiscent of the lateral tunnel Fontan. However, this approach is still confidentially limited to a small number of centers. In 2013, we designed a circuit that mimics the actual surgical technique of extracardiac total cavopulmonary connection to allow for transcatheter completion in an animal study. A polytetrafluoroethylene conduit was connected between the pulmonary artery and the inferior vena cava (IVC). The superior anastomosis was occluded to avoid flow between IVC and superior vena cava (SVC). The conduit was connected to the right atrium (RA) and a large fenestration was created to allow free flow from the IVC to the RA. Extrapolating our approach, a center reported the successful transcatheter completion of an extracardiac Fontan in a 6‐year‐old child. However, this technique is not directly transposable to our population of patients who require preconditioning in infancy. We report here an innovative extension of this technique that may allow preparing patients in infancy, ideally at the time of the Glenn in the future, to receive an extracardiac Fontan at 2 years/11 kg without additional surgery.
Well‐Defined Highly‐Coordinated Copper(III) Iodide and Pincer Tris(trifluoromethyl)copper Complexes
Authors: Motornov Vladimir , Ackermann Lutz
Published: July 2024

Copper(III) iodide and bromide complexes representing a unique combination of highly‐coordinated metal and soft polarizable anions were synthesized and fully characterized, including X‐ray crystallography. Ligand substitution in well‐defined highly‐coordinated copper complex PyCu(CF3)3 with pincer ligands was achieved to give formally octahedral copper(III) complexes.
Safety and Pharmacokinetics of a Combined Antioxidant Therapy against Myocardial Reperfusion Injury: A Phase 1 Randomized Clinical Trial in Healthy Humans
Authors: Gajardo Cortez Abraham I.J. , Lillo‐Moya José , San‐Martín‐Martinez Daniel , Pozo‐Martinez Josue , Morales Pablo , Prieto Juan C. , Aguayo Rubén , Puentes Ángel , Ramos Cristobal , Silva Solange , Catalán Mabel , Ramos Karla , Olea‐Azar Claudio , Rodrigo Ramón
Published: July 2024

Myocardial reperfusion injury (MRI) accounts for up to 50% of the final size in acute myocardial infarction and other conditions associated with ischemia‐reperfusion. Currently, there is still no therapy to prevent MRI, but it is well known that oxidative stress has a key role in its mechanism. We previously reduced MRI in rats through a combined antioxidant therapy (CAT) of ascorbic acid, N‐acetylcysteine, and deferoxamine. This study determines the safety and pharmacokinetics of CAT in a Phase I clinical trial. Healthy subjects (n = 18) were randomized 2:1 to CAT or placebo (NaCl 0.9% i.v.). Two different doses/infusion rates of CATs were tested in a single 90‐minute intravenous infusion. Blood samples were collected at specific times for 180 minutes to measure plasma drug concentrations (ascorbic acid, N‐acetylcysteine, and deferoxamine) and oxidative stress biomarkers. Adverse events were registered during infusion and followed for 30 days. Both CAT1 and CAT2 significantly increased the CAT drug concentrations compared to placebo (P < .05). Most of the pharmacokinetic parameters were similar between CAT1 and CAT2. In total, 6 adverse events were reported, all nonserious and observed in CAT1. The ferric‐reducing ability of plasma (an antioxidant biomarker) increased in both CAT groups compared to placebo (P < .001). The CAT is safe in humans and a potential treatment for patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing reperfusion therapy.
Admittance stability model and equivalent circuit analysis of three‐phase AC systems in different coordinate systems
Authors: Hu Zhe , Han Yang , Zhang Songling , Yang Ping , Zalhaf Amr S.
Published: July 2024

In recent years, with a large number of distributed energy sources connected to the grid, the distribution network has shown a clear trend towards the use of power electronics. As a power conversion interface, the stability of the converter's interaction with the grid has received considerable attention. Adequate admittance (impedance) modeling of the three‐phase grid‐connected converter is a prerequisite for analyzing the stability and resonance characteristics of the grid‐connected system. Understanding the internal mechanisms and proposing effective solutions are crucial to enable power systems to effectively cope with the impact of power electronics. Therefore, by studying the admittance equivalence relationship and equivalent circuit of three‐phase AC systems in various coordinate systems, this paper focuses on solving the non‐uniqueness problem of impedance admittance modeling of three‐phase converter system. It is proposed that the input admittance of the three‐phase asymmetrical system in the dq and fb rotating coordinate systems is a 2‐order matrix and equivalent. The input admittance of the three‐phase unbalanced system in the αβ and “12” static coordinate systems is a 4‐order matrix and equivalent. From both theoretical analysis and simulation verification, it is shown that the number of eigenvalues of the three‐phase asymmetrical system in the stationary coordinate system is twice that in the rotating coordinate system, and the overall damping of the system is improved. The control strategy based on the stationary coordinate system will make the system more stable. The second contribution of this paper is to establish the equivalent circuit of the three‐phase symmetric converter system by the node admittance matrix and extend it to the multi‐machine system to explain the system instability mechanism by the circuit resonance mechanism. Finally, the frequency coupling phenomenon is studied for the three‐phase asymmetrical converter system, and it is explained that it cannot establish an equivalent circuit similar to the three‐phase symmetrical converter system.
Composition of soil Frankia assemblages across ecological drivers parallels that of nodule assemblages in Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia in interior Alaska
Authors: Anderson M. D. , Taylor D. L. , Olson K. , Ruess R. W.
Published: July 2024

In root nodule symbioses (RNS) between nitrogen (N)‐fixing bacteria and plants, bacterial symbionts cycle between nodule‐inhabiting and soil‐inhabiting niches that exert differential selection pressures on bacterial traits. Little is known about how the resulting evolutionary tension between host plants and symbiotic bacteria structures naturally occurring bacterial assemblages in soils. We used DNA cloning to examine soil‐dwelling assemblages of the actinorhizal symbiont Frankia in sites with long‐term stable assemblages in Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia nodules. We compared: (1) phylogenetic diversity of Frankia in soil versus nodules, (2) change in Frankia assemblages in soil versus nodules in response to environmental variation: both across succession, and in response to long‐term fertilization with N and phosphorus, and (3) soil assemblages in the presence and absence of host plants. Phylogenetic diversity was much greater in soil‐dwelling than nodule‐dwelling assemblages and fell into two large clades not previously observed. The presence of host plants was associated with enhanced representation of genotypes specific to A. tenuifolia, and decreased representation of genotypes specific to a second Alnus species. The relative proportion of symbiotic sequence groups across a primary chronosequence was similar in both soil and nodule assemblages. Contrary to expectations, both N and P enhanced symbiotic genotypes relative to non‐symbiotic ones. Our results provide a rare set of field observations against which predictions from theoretical and experimental work in the evolutionary ecology of RNS can be compared.
Neutral markers reveal complex population structure across the range of a widespread songbird
Authors: Veale Aaron , Reudink Matthew W. , Burg Theresa M.
Published: July 2024

Understanding how both contemporary and historical physical barriers influence gene flow is key to reconstructing evolutionary histories and can allow us to predict species' resilience to changing environmental conditions. During the last glacial maximum (LGM), many high latitude North American bird species were forced into glacial refugia, including mountain bluebirds (Silia currucoides). Within their current breeding range, mountain bluebirds still experience a wide variety of environmental conditions and barriers that may disrupt gene flow and isolate populations. Using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained through restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing, we detected at least four genetically distinct mountain bluebird populations. Based on this structure, we determined that isolation‐by‐distance, the northern Rocky Mountains, and discontinuous habitat are responsible for the low connectivity and the overall history of each population going back to the last glacial maximum. Finally, we identified five candidate genes under balancing selection and three loci under diversifying selection. This study provides the first look at connectivity and gene flow across the range of these high‐altitude and high latitude songbirds.
An allocative method of stationary and vehicle‐mounted mobile energy storage for emergency power supply in urban areas
Authors: Yan Zhe , Zhang Yongming , Yu Jiesheng
Published: July 2024

Extreme climate events are on the rise, posing significant challenges to power systems, leading to blackouts and infrastructure damage. Energy storage plays a crucial role in enhancing grid resilience by providing stability, backup power, load shifting capabilities, and voltage regulation. While stationary energy storage has been widely adopted, there is growing interest in vehicle‐mounted mobile energy storage due to its mobility and flexibility. This article proposes an integrated approach that combines stationary and vehicle‐mounted mobile energy storage to optimize power system safety and stability under the conditions of limiting the total investment in both types of energy storages. The principal aim is to minimize the weighted energy not served index in the presence of fault conditions. By strategically allocating energy storage resources and dynamically dispatching stored energy, operators can ensure rapid response and effective power restoration, improving overall reliability in the face of extreme weather events.
Impact of a regional simulation‐based training course in the implementation of external cephalic version: Intervention study
Authors: Pinto Luísa , Fonseca Andreia , Ayres‐de‐Campos Diogo
Published: July 2024

Objective

The aims of this study were to assess whether a regional simulation‐based training course in external cephalic version (ECV) would lead to the adoption of this technique in hospitals where it was not previously practiced, and to improve success rates in those already performing it.

Methods

This was an intervention study where two specialists in obstetrics and gynecology from 10 Portuguese public maternity hospitals attended a structured simulation‐based training in ECV. Hospitals were categorized based on whether ECV was conducted prior to the training program, and on their annual number of deliveries. Main outcomes were the number of ECVs performed in the 2 years before and after the course, and their success rates.

Results

Implementation of ECV was achieved in four additional hospitals during the 2 years following the course. Among the three hospitals already performing ECV and able to report their data, no significant differences in success rates were observed in the 2 years following the course (45.6% vs. 47.9%, P = 0.797). After a successful ECV, 77.7% of women had a vaginal delivery.

Conclusion

A regional simulation‐based training course in ECV led to an increase in the number of hospitals implementing the technique in the subsequent 2 years, but it did not impact the success rates in centers where it was already performed. This study highlights the potential of simulation‐based courses in ECV, as well as the need to improve patients' access to the technique and to centralize ECV services at a regional level.
Dynamic multipath routing for energy‐efficient and reliable communication in 6G networks with MIMO
Authors: Annadurai C. , Nelson I. , Nirmala Devi K. , Thavasi Raja G.
Published: July 2024

In the era of 6G networks, Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technology offers unprecedented opportunities for high‐throughput and low‐latency communication. Existing communication frameworks, however, have difficulty optimizing both energy efficiency and reliability at the same time. In most cases, conventional routing protocols fail to meet the needs of MIMO systems, making them inefficient and prone to reliability problems due to their inability to dynamically adapt to different network conditions. This research addresses the intricate interplay between energy efficiency and reliability within the context of 6G networks with MIMO. The motivation for this research arises from the imperative to unlock the full potential of 6G networks with MIMO for achieving energy‐efficient and reliable communication. With the advancement of communication technology, seamless connectivity, minimal energy consumption, and robust reliability become increasingly critical. Currently, solutions cannot adapt dynamically to the diverse and dynamic conditions of a 6G environment. Through this research, we aim to bridge this gap, enhancing 6G network performance and sustainability with unprecedented gains in energy efficiency and reliability. We have developed the Dynamic Multipath Routing (DMR) algorithm by harnessing the advanced features of MIMO technology. The DMR algorithm strategically chooses paths to minimize the effects of fading, interference, and channel impairments, creating a resilient communication network. This improvement is essential for meeting the demanding connectivity needs of various 6G applications, covering ultra‐reliable low‐latency communication and massive machine‐type communication.
The roles of dating and victimization on adverse mental health among teens: Survey findings during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Cheng Shih‐Ying , Gerassi Lara B.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The relationship between romantic involvement, dating violence, other victimizations, and mental health among adolescents in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic is understudied.

Methods

This study analyzed 2021 survey data collected from a representative sample of 9th–12th grade students (n = 10,792) from 24 high schools in a US Midwestern state. Most respondents identified as White, heterosexual, and US‐born, with more than three‐quarters aged 15–17 years. Guided by the poly‐victimization framework, this study explored: (a) How do youth victimizations and mental health concerns differ by their experience of dating and dating violence? (b) What are the associations between youth mental health concerns, victimizations, and dating?

Results

Youths reported mental health concerns and victimizations at considerable rates during the COVID‐19 pandemic when in‐person interactions were limited. Those who experienced dating violence were at a higher risk of reporting other victimizations (i.e., unwanted sexual comments, unwanted sexual contact, sexual photos/videos, sex trading for compensation, discrimination, and bullying). The number of victimizations demonstrated a cumulative effect on teen mental health. Most individual victimizations showed significant net associations with mental health concerns, even when controlling for other differing victimizations.

Conclusions

Dating violence plays a critical role in the interconnectedness of victimizations, and the number of victimizations has a cumulative effect on teen mental health. The high prevalence of youth victimizations during the time when in‐person interactions were limited suggests that victimizations may transfer from in‐person forms to virtual forms and occur offline. Implications for individual and community prevention and interventions are discussed.
Pathways from school to work: A sequence analysis of non‐engaged youth
Authors: Ngai Steven Sek‐yum , Cheung Chau‐kiu , Ng Yuen‐hang , Lee Bong Joo , Dupéré Véronique , Wang Miao , Chen Chen , Li Yunjun , Zhou Qiushi , Wong Laing‐ming , Zhang Xuyang
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Research on heterogeneous pathways in school‐to‐work transitions (SWT), particularly longitudinal research, has been limited, as have empirical studies examining effective interventions for facilitating multiple SWT pathways among non‐engaged youth (NEY), who are generally at risk of being not in education, employment, or training (NEET).

Methods

To develop a typology of SWT pathways, we conducted sequence analysis with longitudinal data from a sample of 630 NEY aged 14–29 (M = 19.78; 63.65% males) in Hong Kong during a 22‐month period beginning in September 2020. We also performed multinomial logistic regressions to assess the impact of career and life development (CLD) interventions on SWT outcomes.

Results

Our analysis yielded a fivefold typology of SWT pathways: the Employment/Entrepreneurship cluster (31.27%), the Vocational Education and Training cluster (13.49%), the Generic Education cluster (16.83%), the Serious Leisure Development cluster (15.24%), and the long‐term NEET cluster (23.17%). NEY in the intervention group receiving CLD services, inspired by the expanded notion of work (ENOW) and youth development and intervention framework (YDIF), demonstrated significantly higher likelihoods of being in the Employment/Entrepreneurship (OR = 34.5, 95% CI [10.53, 105.08]), Generic Education (OR = 3.74, 95% CI [1.81, 7.74]), Vocational Education and Training (OR = 1.55, 95% CI [1.05, 6.26]), and Serious Leisure Development (OR = 1.77, 95% CI [1.04, 4.46]) clusters than the long‐term NEET cluster.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight the dynamic, heterogeneous nature of NEY's CLD journeys, including that CLD interventions based on ENOW–YDIF have had a beneficial effect on NEY's multiple SWT pathways.
Community environmental healing benefits: A systematic review comparing intervening variables, environments, and outcomes
Authors: He Nan , Xu Leiqing , Li Na
Published: July 2024

As the smallest spatial unit in the city, the community should be an important space for healing the urban population. This paper presents a systematic review summarizing studies on community healing environments. The study identified 75 publications. The research findings are as follows: the main intervening variables include restorativeness, emotions and mood, stress, and well‐being. Little attention has been paid to the intervening variables including social support, environmental preferences and satisfaction, place attachment, behavior types that respond to personal will, self‐fulfillment, and the spirit of personal culture. The various types of natural environments in communities have been given focused attention for a long time. However, the superiority of the natural environment should not be a reason to underestimate the healing benefits of community spaces. The mechanisms by which environmental characteristics are transformed into positive individual influences through intervening variables should be explored.