bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The social and spatial insularity of internally displaced persons: “neighbourhood effects” in Georgia’s collective centres
Authors: Gogishvili David , Harris-Brandts Suzanne
Published: June 2019

Since 1991, armed conflicts in regions of Georgia have forced over 300,000 people to become internally displaced persons (IDPs). Many settled on the outskirts of cities in state-provided, nonresidential buildings called collective centres, which function as distinct neighbourhoods with their spatial segregation and community networks. This article charts the impacts of social and spatial insularity on IDPs in these centres and frames it within the concept of neighbourhood effects. Research on neighbourhood effects has shown that physical and social isolation can exacerbate issues of health, education, living conditions, and employment, present in particular areas. Although IDPs are a vulnerable, socio-economically disadvantagedpopulation often living in concentrated poverty, to date this concept has not been applied to their conditions. This article addresses that gap by examining the neighbourhood effects of collective centres. The work provides a meta-analysis of existing research on Georgian IDPs and complements it with two years of first-hand data collected through a representative survey. The results show that IDPs within Georgia are at multiple disadvantages as a result of their isolation in collective centres. The article concludes with a call for greater government consideration of IDP isolation in situations of protracted conflict, so as to resist such detrimental effects.
Training Performance of Recurrent Neural Network using RTRL and BPTT for Gamelan Onset Detection
Authors: Sari Dian Kartika , Wulandari Diah Puspito , Suprapto Yoyon Kusnendar
Published: June 2019

Gamelan is one of Indonesia’s traditional musical instruments. Signal variations in gamelan music are caused by differences in play style and the process of making gamelan. Gamelan music analysis usually using supervised learning method like Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). This paper will compare the performance of Simple Recurrent Neural Network training process using a gradient-based algorithm Backpropagation Through Time (BPTT) and Real-Time Recurrent Learning (RTRL) algorithm. The performance of the algorithm during training process was necessary to be evaluated, in order to know which algorithm has better performance and faster process to approach convergences on the training method of the recurrent neural network. The performance results of the algorithm training process will be compared and evaluated by the means of a Normalized Negative Log-likelihood (NNL). BPTT resulted better and faster forming convergence in terms of the number of epoch parameter with NNL 0.0121 In terms of the value of learning rate, BPTT perform better at learning rate 0.1 with NNL 0.0174 and RTRL performs better at learning rate 0.4 with NNL 0.0382.
Implementation of sequential circuit using feynman and fredkin reversible logic gates
Authors: Bala Krishna K , Purna Ramesh A
Published: June 2019

At present, one of the most vital issue is reversible logic and this reversible logic has various applications in different areas such as low power CMOS, quantum computing, nanotechnology, cryptography, Digital Signal Processing(DSP), quantum dot cellular automata. A unique one-to-one mapping technique is used in reversible logic gates. To create a helpful capacity of gates, the reversible gates require some supported auxiliary data sources known as ancilla inputs. Likewise to keep up the reversibility of the circuits some extra unutilized yields are requiring that are referenced to as the trash yields. The quantity of garbage outputs, the quantity of ancilla sources of info and quantum cost assumes a noteworthy job in the reversible circuit’s assessment. Subsequently these parameters are most enormous for structuring reversible circuit’s effectively. In this paper implementing the sequential circuit using Feynman and Fredkin reversible logic gates. The proposed sequential circuit is simulated using Tanner Tool. The result shows that overhead delay and total delay are reduced by 33.69% and 20.42% respectively.
Chemical and physical influence of sodic soils on the coleoptile length and root growth angle of wheat genotypes
Authors: Anzooman Monia , Christopher Jack , Dang Yash P , Taylor Julian , Menzies Neal W , Kopittke Peter M
Published: June 2019

Background and Aims

High exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and bulk density of sodic soils can reduce seedling emergence. This study examined variation in seedling coleoptile length and seminal root angle of wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) genotypes to determine whether these traits vary between genotypes that differ in their tolerance to sodic soils.

Methods

Wheat genotypes were grown in three different experiments. First, four wheat genotypes were grown using soils of three ESPs (4, 10 and 17 %) and secondly in soils of three different bulk densities (1.2, 1.4 and 1.5 g cm–3) and ESP 10 %. Thirdly, seedling coleoptile length and seminal root angle were determined for 16 genotypes grown in a soil of ESP 10 % and bulk density 1.2 g cm–2. Seminal root angle and coleoptile length measurements from the current study were compared with seedling emergence rate and force measured previously.

Key Results

The seedling coleoptile length of all genotypes decreased with increasing soil ESP and bulk density, but with no significant differences between genotypes. In contrast, seminal root angles differed significantly between genotypes, but were not significantly affected by ESP or bulk density. There was an inverse relationship between the seminal root angle of the 16 genotypes and seedling emergence rate (R2 = 0.89) and also between seminal root angle and seedling emergence force (R2 = 0.61).

Conclusions

Lack of significant variation in coleoptile length between genotypes suggests that this may not be a suitable characteristic to identify wheat tolerance to sodic conditions. However, a narrower seminal root angle was correlated with rate and force of seedling emergence, traits likely to improve establishment. The mechanism underlying this correlation is not yet clear. Genotypes with a narrow root angle had greater root depth. One possible mechanism might be that genotypes with narrow root angles were able to take up more soil moisture at depth, leading to a higher proportion of seedling emergence.
Comparison of outcomes following three surgical techniques for patients with severe jejunoileal atresia
Authors: Peng Yan-Fen , Zheng Hai-Qing , Zhang Hong , He Qiu-Ming , Wang Zhe , Zhong Wei , Yu Jia-Kang
Published: June 2019

Background

Severe jejunoileal atresia is associated with prolonged parenteral nutrition, higher mortality and secondary surgery. However, the ideal surgical management of this condition remains controversial. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of patients with severe jejunoileal atresia treated by three different procedures.

Methods

From January 2007 to December 2016, 105 neonates with severe jejunoileal atresia were retrospectively reviewed. Of these, 42 patients (40.0%) underwent the Bishop–Koop procedure (BK group), 49 (46.7%) underwent primary anastomosis (PA group) and 14 (13.3%) underwent Mikulicz double-barreled ileostomy (DB group). Demographics, treatment and outcomes including mortality, morbidity and nutrition status were reviewed and were compared among the three groups.

Results

The total mortality rate was 6.7%, showing no statistical difference among the three groups (P = 0.164). The BK group had the lowest post-operative complication rate (33.3% vs 65.3% for the PA group and 71.4% for the DB group, P = 0.003) and re-operation rate (4.8% vs 38.8% for the PA group and 14.3% for the DB group, P < 0.001). Compared with the BK group, the PA group showed a positive correlation with the complication rate and re-operation rate, with an odds ratio of 4.15 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.57, 10.96] and 12.78 (95% CI: 2.58, 63.29), respectively. The DB group showed a positive correlation with the complication rate when compared with the BK group, with an odds ratio of 7.73 (95% CI: 1.67, 35.72). The weight-for-age Z-score at stoma closure was –1.22 (95% CI: –1.91, –0.54) in the BK group and –2.84 (95% CI: –4.28, –1.40) in the DB group (P = 0.039).

Conclusions

The Bishop–Koop procedure for severe jejunoileal atresia had a low complication rate and re-operation rate, and the nutrition status at stoma closure was superior to double-barreled enterostomy. The Bishop–Koop procedure seems to be an appropriate choice for severe jejunoileal atresia.
Parental Effects and Climate Change: Will Avian Incubation Behavior Shield Embryos from Increasing Environmental Temperatures?
Authors: DuRant Sarah E , Willson John D , Carroll Rachel B
Published: June 2019

A major driver of wildlife responses to climate change will include non-genomic effects, like those mediated through parental behavior and physiology (i.e., parental effects). Parental effects can influence lifetime reproductive success and survival, and thus population-level processes. However, the extent to which parental effects will contribute to population persistence or declines in response to climate change is not well understood. These effects may be substantial for species that exhibit extensive parental care behaviors, like birds. Environmental temperature is important in shaping avian incubation behavior, and these factors interact to determine the thermal conditions embryos are exposed to during development, and subsequently avian phenotypes and secondary sex ratios. In this article, we argue that incubation behavior may be an important mediator of avian responses to climate change, we compare incubation strategies of two species adapted to different thermal environments nesting in extreme heat, and we present a simple model that estimates changes in egg temperature based on these incubation patterns and predicted increases in maximum daily air temperature. We demonstrate that the predicted increase in air temperature by 2100 in the central USA will increase temperatures that eggs experience during afternoon off-bouts and the proportion of nests exposed to lethal temperatures. To better understand how species and local adaptations and behavioral-plasticity of incubation behavior will contribute to population responses to climate change comparisons are needed across more avian populations, species, and thermal landscapes.
Optimizing Ergonomics in Breast Imaging
Authors: Seidel Rebecca L , Krupinski Elizabeth A
Published: June 2019

Breast imaging radiologists spend many hours seated at workstations and are therefore at high risk for repetitive strain injuries and computer vision syndrome. In addition, many perform hand-held sonography and image-guided procedures, which may present additional ergonomic challenges. In this article, we describe optimal ergonomics for breast imaging radiologists and discuss additional strategies to mitigate risks from work-related injury and improve overall physical well-being.
Functional impacts of non-coding RNA processing on enhancer activity and target gene expression
Authors: Ntini Evgenia , Marsico Annalisa
Published: June 2019

Tight regulation of gene expression is orchestrated by enhancers. Through recent research advancements, it is becoming clear that enhancers are not solely distal regulatory elements harboring transcription factor binding sites and decorated with specific histone marks, but they rather display signatures of active transcription, showing distinct degrees of transcription unit organization. Thereby, a substantial fraction of enhancers give rise to different species of non-coding RNA transcripts with an unprecedented range of potential functions. In this review, we bring together data from recent studies indicating that non-coding RNA transcription from active enhancers, as well as enhancer-produced long non-coding RNA transcripts, may modulate or define the functional regulatory potential of the cognate enhancer. In addition, we summarize supporting evidence that RNA processing of the enhancer-associated long non-coding RNA transcripts may constitute an additional layer of regulation of enhancer activity, which contributes to the control and final outcome of enhancer-targeted gene expression.
Mitotic motor CENP-E cooperates with PRC1 in temporal control of central spindle assembly
Authors: Liu Xu , Xu Leilei , Li Junying , Yao Phil Y , Wang Wanjuan , Ismail Hazrat , Wang Haowei , Liao Bryce , Yang Zhihong , Ward Tarsha , Ruan Ke , Zhang Jianchun , Wu Quan , He Ping , Ding Xia , Wang Dongmei , Fu Chuanhai , Dou Zhen , Yan Feng , Wang Wenwen , Liu Xing , Yao Xuebiao
Published: June 2019

Error-free cell division depends on the accurate assembly of the spindle midzone from dynamic spindle microtubules to ensure chromatid segregation during metaphase–anaphase transition. However, the mechanism underlying the key transition from the mitotic spindle to central spindle before anaphase onset remains elusive. Given the prevalence of chromosome instability phenotype in gastric tumorigenesis, we developed a strategy to model context-dependent cell division using a combination of light sheet microscope and 3D gastric organoids. Light sheet microscopic image analyses of 3D organoids showed that CENP-E inhibited cells undergoing aberrant metaphase–anaphase transition and exhibiting chromosome segregation errors during mitosis. High-resolution real-time imaging analyses of 2D cell culture revealed that CENP-E inhibited cells undergoing central spindle splitting and chromosome instability phenotype. Using biotinylated syntelin as an affinity matrix, we found that CENP-E forms a complex with PRC1 in mitotic cells. Chemical inhibition of CENP-E in metaphase by syntelin prevented accurate central spindle assembly by perturbing temporal assembly of PRC1 to the midzone. Thus, CENP-E-mediated PRC1 assembly to the central spindle constitutes a temporal switch to organize dynamic kinetochore microtubules into stable midzone arrays. These findings reveal a previously uncharacterized role of CENP-E in temporal control of central spindle assembly. Since CENP-E is absent from yeast, we reasoned that metazoans evolved an elaborate central spindle organization machinery to ensure accurate sister chromatid segregation during anaphase and cytokinesis.
Seed provenance determines germination responses of Rumex crispus (L.) under water stress and nutrient availability
Authors: Pérez-Fernández María , Elliott Carole P , Valentine Alex , Oyola José Antonio
Published: June 2019

Aims

Seeds of Rumex crispus from six provenances were studied in relation to their germination under drought and presence of nitrogen in the germination and emergence media. We also investigated whether adaptation to soil increases the ability of the species to colonize and establish in contrasting environments along a longitudinal gradient in western Spain by means of a reciprocal transplantation experiment.

Methods

We conducted a germination trial in the lab to test for the germination responses to water scarcity along a polyethylene glycol gradient and to varying concentrations of nitrogen compounds. Simultaneously reciprocal transplantations experiment was conducted, where seeds from six provenances were grown in the soils from the very same provenances. Seedling emergence, survivorship and fitness-related variables were measured in all plots.

Important Findings

We found that R. crispus has a cold-stratification requirement that enhances its germination. Significant differences between the six provenances were detected for time-to-germination, total seedling emergence, plant mortality and reproductive effort in all the experiments. The differences between provenances with respect to germination were confirmed by the significant statistical analyses of the variance, thus providing evidence that seeds from parent plants grown in different environmental conditions have an intrinsically different abilities to germinate and establish. Soil nitrogen content where seed germination and seedlings establish also play an important role in their performance in terms of survivorship and reproduction, being the higher levels of inorganic nitrogen and of microbial biomass those that increased biomass production, enhanced inflorescence formation and reduced plant mortality. We conclude that one of the main reasons for the spread and maintenance of R. crispus would be the increased levels of nitrogen in agricultural soils.
Occurrence of great magnetic storms on 6–8 March 1582
Authors: Hattori Kentaro , Hayakawa Hisashi , Ebihara Yusuke
Published: June 2019

Although knowing the occurrence frequency of severe space weather events is important for the modern society, it is insufficiently known due to the lack of magnetic or sunspot observations, before the Carrington event in 1859, which is known as one of the largest events of the last two centuries. Here we show that a severe magnetic storm occurred on 8 March 1582, based on auroral records in East Asia. The equatorward boundary of auroral visibility reached 28.8° magnetic latitude. The equatorward boundary of the auroral oval is estimated to be 33.0° invariant latitude (ILAT), which is comparable to the storms on 25/26 September 1909 (∼31.6° ILAT, minimum Dst of −595 nT), 28/29 August 1859 (∼36.5° ILAT), and 13/14 March 1989 (∼40° ILAT, minimum Dst of −589 nT). Assuming that the equatorward boundary is a proxy for the scale of magnetic storms, we presume that the storm in March 1582 was severe. We also found, by combining Euroepan records, that the storm in March 1582 lasted at least three days. The auroral oval stayed at mid-latitude for the first two days and moved to low latitude (in East Asia) for the last day. It is plausible that the storm was caused by a series of ICMEs (interplanetary coronal mass ejections). We can reasonably speculate that the first ICME could have cleaned up interplanetary space to make the following ICMEs more geoeffective, as probably occurred in the Carrington and Halloween storms.
Instabilities in multiplanet circumbinary systems
Authors: Sutherland Adam P , Kratter Kaitlin M
Published: June 2019

The majority of the discovered transiting circumbinary planets are located very near the innermost stable orbits permitted, raising questions about the origins of planets in such perturbed environments. Most favoured formation scenarios invoke formation at larger distances and subsequent migration to their current locations. Disc-driven planet migration in multiplanet systems is likely to trap planets in mean motion resonances and drive planets inwards into regions of larger dynamical perturbations from the binary. We demonstrate how planet–planet resonances can interact with the binary through secular forcing and mean-motion resonances, driving chaos in the system. We show how this chaos will shape the architecture of circumbinary systems, with specific applications to Kepler 47 and the Pluto–Charon system, limiting maximum possible stable eccentricities and indicating what resonances are likely to exist. We are also able to constrain the minimum migration rates of resonant circumbinary planets.
A far-UV survey of three hot, metal-polluted white dwarf stars: WD0455−282, WD0621−376, and WD2211−495
Authors: Preval Simon P , Barstow Martin A , Bainbridge Matthew , Reindl Nicole , Ayres Thomas , Holberg Jay B , Barrow John D , Lee Chung-Chi , Webb John K , Hu Jiting
Published: June 2019

Using newly obtained high-resolution data (R ∼ 1 × 105) from the Hubble Space Telescope, and archival UV data from the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer, we have conducted a detailed UV survey of the three hot, metal-polluted white dwarfs WD0455−282, WD0621−376, and WD2211−495. Using bespoke model atmospheres, we measured Teff, log g, and photospheric abundances for these stars. In conjunction with data from Gaia, we measured masses, radii, and gravitational redshift velocities for our sample of objects. We compared the measured photospheric abundances with those predicted by radiative levitation theory, and found that the observed Si abundances in all three white dwarfs, and the observed Fe abundances in WD0621−376 and WD2211−495, were larger than those predicted by an order of magnitude. These findings imply not only an external origin for the metals, but also ongoing accretion, as the metals not supported by radiative levitation would sink on extremely short time-scales. We measured the radial velocities of several absorption features along the line of sight to the three objects in our sample, allowing us to determine the velocities of the photospheric and interstellar components along the line of sight for each star. Interestingly, we made detections of circumstellar absorption along the line of sight to WD0455−282 with three velocity components. To our knowledge, this is the first such detection of multicomponent circumstellar absorption along the line of sight to a white dwarf.
Does Conducting a Risk Assessment Facilitate Better Care for Patients at Risk of Pressure Injuries?
Authors: Hödl Manuela , Eglseer Doris , Lohrmann Christa
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate if the use of a pressure injury (PI) risk assessment is associated with the more frequent use of international evidence-based guideline interventions in patients at risk of PI.

METHODS

Data were collected through a multicenter cross-sectional prevalence study conducted on November 14, 2017. Study authors analyzed data from 532 patients 65 years at risk of PI or older in Austrian hospitals.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

Repositioning, mobilization, floating heels/heel devices, moisture/barrier cream, patient education, malnutrition screening, referral to a dietitian, and hydration/nutrition management.

MAIN RESULTS

The risk assessment was documented on admission for 80% (n = 435) of the at-risk patients. Patients for whom a PI risk assessment was conducted were older and more care dependent, and nearly 20% had a PI compared with patients for whom no risk assessment was conducted upon admission. Conducting a risk assessment led to a statistically significantly higher number of internationally recommended PI preventive interventions being performed for at-risk patients, such as provision of moisture/barrier cream, mobilization specific for PI, malnutrition screening, and floating heels or heel suspension devices.

CONCLUSIONS

These results showed that conducting and documenting a risk assessment led to more recommended interventions being performed. Although such interventions are recommended for all patients, these findings are especially relevant for patients at mild or moderate risk of PI who might be otherwise overlooked, which in turn could reduce hospital-acquired PI rates.
Meta-analysis of Histological Margin Positivity in the Prediction of Recurrence After Crohn’s Resection
Authors: Ryan Jessica M. , Rogers Ailín C. , O’Toole Aoibhlinn , Burke John P.
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND:

Despite significant advances in the medical management of Crohn’s disease, many patients will require intestinal resection during their lifetime. It is disappointing that many will also develop disease recurrence.

OBJECTIVES:

The current study utilizes meta-analytical techniques to determine the effect of positive histological margins at the time of index resection on disease recurrence.

DATA SOURCES:

Embase, Medline, PubMed, PubMed Central, and Cochrane databases were searched using a Boolean search algorithm for articles published up to August 2017.

STUDY SELECTION:

Meta-analysis was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

Databases were searched for studies reporting the outcomes for patients with Crohn’s disease undergoing primary resection that correlated resection margin status with disease recurrence. Results were reported as pooled ORs with 95% CI.

RESULTS:

A total of 176 citations were reviewed; 18 studies comprising 1833 patients were ultimately included in the analysis, with a mean rate of histopathological margin positivity of 41.7 ± 17.4% and a pooled mean follow-up of 69 ± 39 months. Histopathological margin positivity was associated with a higher rate of overall recurrence (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.3–2.1; p < 0.001), clinical recurrence (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0–2.8; p = 0.04), and anastomotic recurrence (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.0–2.3; p = 0.03). In studies reporting plexitis specifically at the resection margin, there was an increase in recurrence (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.1–4.9; p = 0.02).

LIMITATIONS:

The definitions of histological margin positivity and postoperative recurrence vary between the studies and follow-up durations vary.

CONCLUSIONS:

The presence of involved histological margins at the time of index resection in Crohn’s disease is associated with recurrence, and plexitis shows promise as a marker of more aggressive disease. Further studies with homogeneity of histopathological and recurrence reporting are required.
Impact of Electronic Chromoendoscopy on Adenoma Miss Rates During Colonoscopy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Desai Madhav , Viswanathan Lavanya , Gupta Neil , Kennedy Kevin F. , Repici Alessandro , Hassan Cesare , Sharma Prateek
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND:

The impact of virtual chromoendoscopy such as narrow-band imaging, Fujinon intelligent chromoendoscopy, blue-light imaging, linked-color imaging, and i-SCAN on adenoma detection rate has been variable. However, adenoma miss rate (another measure suggested as a quality indicator) of electronic chromoendoscopy modalities has not been systematically evaluated.

OBJECTIVES:

This study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the adenoma miss rate of white-light endoscopy compared with electronic chromoendoscopy.

DATA SOURCES:

Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, and Cochrane were the data sources for this study.

STUDY SELECTION:

The studies selected were tandem randomized controlled trials of electronic chromoendoscopy modalities compared with white-light endoscopy.

INTERVENTIONS:

Electronic chromoendoscopy compared with white light endoscopy was used to measure the adenoma miss rate.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

Primary outcome was the pooled adenoma miss rate of electronic chromoendoscopy techniques compared with white-light endoscopy. Secondary outcomes were subgroup analysis, adenoma size analysis, and adenoma detection rate.

RESULTS:

A total of 3507 patients were evaluated from 7 eligible tandem randomized control trials. A total of 1423 patients had white-light endoscopy as the first of the tandem examinations. The rest of the patients had electronic chromoendoscopy as the first of the tandem examination (narrow-band imaging, 988 patients; Fujinon intelligent chromoendoscopy, 728 patients; i-SCAN, 233 patients; blue-light imaging, 64 patients; and linked-color imaging, 71 patients). The pooled adenoma miss rate for electronic chromoendoscopy was not different than white-light endoscopy (17.9% vs 21%; OR, 0.72 (0.67–1.11); I
2 67%; p = 0.13). When only narrow-band imaging, blue-light imaging, and linked-color imaging were considered, the pooled rate was statistically significant (OR, 0.60 (0.37–0.98); p = 0.04). The pooled adenoma detection rate was not statistically different with electronic chromoendoscopy than white-light endoscopy (OR, 1.02 (0.88–1.19); p = 0.78).

LIMITATIONS:

The small number of studies to assess the impact of each modality limited stratified conclusions.

CONCLUSIONS:

Electronic chromoendoscopy is not associated with a significant reduction in adenoma miss rate compared with white-light colonoscopy.
A Note on the Measurement of Socioeconomic Inequalities in Life Years Lost by Cause of Death
Authors: Latouche Aurélien , Andersen Per Kragh , Rey Grégoire , Moreno-Betancur Margarita
Published: June 2019

Quantifying socioeconomic inequalities in health in absolute terms is of prime interest for decision-making and for international comparisons. The Slope Index of Inequality (SII), an index that quantifies absolute socioeconomic inequalities, was recently formalized, particularly in the context of mortality differences measured in the rate or hazard scale. However, absolute inequalities using either rates or hazards do not translate into a time dimension, which makes their interpretation difficult for policymakers. We propose an extension of the

JOURNAL/epide/04.03/00001648-201907000-00015/inline-graphic1/v/2023-09-08T093821Z/r/image-tiff

in terms of the expected number of life years lost before an upper age, as well as its decomposition by cause of death. The

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in the life years lost metric quantifies the extent to which life expectancy is shortened when comparing the higher and lower ends of the socioeconomic scale. The methodology proposed builds on recent developments in survival analysis for decomposing the number of life years lost according to cause of death using a pseudo-value approach. We illustrate our proposal using a representative 1% sample of the French population. On average, the least educated men lost 7 years of life from age 30 up to age 90 compared to the most educated. The loss for women is twice as much with 3.5 years. The

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in the life years lost metric is easily understood, and the decomposition of the all-cause mortality

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into parts attributable to given causes provides a sound estimation of the burden of different causes of death on absolute socioeconomic inequalities in mortality.
Effect of Antiplatelet Drugs on D-Dimer Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Morelli Francesca , Schol-Gelok Suzanne , Arends Lidia R. , Boersma Eric , Kruip Marieke J. H. A. , Versmissen Jorie , van Gelder Teun
Published: June 2019

Aims:

D-dimer is a product of fibrinolysis. In clinical practice, D-dimer levels are commonly used to rule out venous thromboembolism. Antiplatelet drugs may influence D-dimer levels, potentially affecting the accuracy of this diagnostic tool. To evaluate the effect of antiplatelet drugs on D-dimer levels, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of all published articles on this topic (PROSPERO registration number CRD42017058932).

Methods and Results:

We electronically searched EMBASE, MEDLINE Epub, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Google Scholar (100 top relevance) (last search on October 5, 2017). We included randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and cross-sectional studies conducted in humans, with a drug exposure time of at least 7 days. Two reviewers independently selected eligible articles and extracted the data. Five controlled trials, 7 cohort studies, and 5 cross-sectional studies were finally included. Meta-analysis involving all 1117 participants showed no change in dimer levels (standardized mean difference: −0.015, 95% confidence interval, 0.182–0.151, P = 0.855).

Conclusions:

In conclusion, antiplatelet drugs do not seem to influence D-dimer levels.
Puerarin Decreases Collagen Secretion in AngII-Induced Atrial Fibroblasts Through Inhibiting Autophagy Via the JNK–Akt–mTOR Signaling Pathway
Authors: Xu Xudong , Jiang Ruhong , Chen Mengmeng , Dong Mengmeng , Liu Qiang , Cheng Hui , Zhou Kuangshi , Chen Laite , Li Miaomiao , Jiang Chenyang
Published: June 2019

Puerarin is used to treat cardiovascular diseases due to its anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects. However, its mechanism of action in atrial fibroblasts is unknown. In this study, we investigated the autophagy pathway and molecular changes in angiotensin II (AngII)-stimulated atrial fibroblasts in response to puerarin treatment. Atrial fibroblasts were cultured and then subjected to stimulation with AngII and puerarin or other chemical drugs (3-MA, CQ, and SP600125). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot experiments were used to quantify the expression levels of mRNA and protein. mCherry-GFP-LC3 adenovirus was applied to reflect the autophagic flux. The results showed aggravating levels of autophagy and collagen deposit in the presence of AngII. Puerarin inhibited autophagy and decreased collagen secretion in a dose-dependent manner in atrial fibroblasts. Furthermore, phosphorylation of JNK was down-regulated in response to puerarin, whereas phosphorylation of Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) was upregulated. Interestingly, reduced autophagy and collagen secretion were observed when the JNK signaling pathway was blocked using SP600125. We also observed upregulation of Akt and mTOR phosphorylation in the presence of SP600125. These results suggest that puerarin exerts its antifibrotic effect in atrial fibroblasts partly through the inhibition of autophagy. Furthermore, the mechanism of action of puerarin in fibroblast autophagy seems to be mediated partly through JNK–Akt–mTOR signaling.
Double Tongue Flaps for Anterior Huge Palatal Fistula Closure
Authors: Zhou Xia , Ma Lian
Published: June 2019

Even though it is widely accepted that the tongue flap is effective and feasible for repair of huge palatal fistula, there still exist a few failed cases due to the severity or complicated situation. The aim of this paper is to report the validity and feasibility of using double tongue dorsal flaps to repair a huge anterior fistula. A 10-year-old boy diagnosed with Van de Woude syndrome with repaired bilateral cleft lip and palate presented with a huge anterior fistula divided by septum. A double tongue dorsal flap was designed to cover the fistula. The huge unusual anterior palatal fistula was repaired successfully by usage of double pedicle tongue flaps with a follow-up period of 1 month. The double tongue flap is an alternative choice to handle a large residual fistula in anterior part of palate which was divided into 2 fistulas by septum. This technique was indicated in the situation of large residual fistula in anterior part of palate which was divided into 2 fistulas by septum after bilateral cleft palate repair.
NLRP2 inflammasome in dorsal root ganglion as a novel molecular platform that produces inflammatory pain hypersensitivity
Authors: Matsuoka Yutaka , Yamashita Ayahiro , Matsuda Megumi , Kawai Kenshiro , Sawa Teiji , Amaya Fumimasa
Published: June 2019

Inflammatory pain hypersensitivity is associated with activation of primary afferent neurons. This study investigated the existence of the inflammasome in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and the functional significance in the development of inflammatory pain hypersensitivity. Tissue inflammation was induced in male C57BL/6 mice with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or ceramide injection into the hind paw. Behavioral testing was performed to investigate inflammation-induced pain hypersensitivity. Ipsilateral L5 DRGs were obtained for analysis. Expression of nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs) was analyzed with real-time PCR. Cleaved interleukin (IL)-1β and NLRP2 expression was investigated with immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Caspase 1 activity was also measured. A caspase 1 inhibitor and NLRP2 siRNA were intrathecally administered to inhibit NLRP2 inflammasome signaling in DRG. Cleaved IL-1β expression was significantly increased after CFA injection in small-sized DRG neurons. The amount of cleaved IL-1β and caspase 1 activity were also increased. Among several NLRs, NLRP2 mRNA was significantly increased in DRG after CFA injection. NLRP2 was expressed in small-sized DRG neurons. Intrathecal injection of a caspase 1 inhibitor or NLRP2 siRNA reduced CFA-induced pain hypersensitivity and cleaved IL-1β expression in DRG. Induction of cleaved IL-1β and NLRP2 in DRG neurons was similarly observed after ceramide injection. NLRP2 siRNA inhibited ceramide-induced pain hypersensitivity. These results confirmed the existence of NLRP2 inflammasome in DRG neurons. Activation of the NLRP2 inflammasome leads to activation of DRG neurons and subsequent development of pain hypersensitivity in various types of tissue inflammation.
Relationship Between Lifestyle and Family Functioning Among Family Members of Amphetamine Abusers in Southeast Iran
Authors: Izadabadi Zahra , Tirgari Batool , Pouraboli Batool
Published: June 2019

Introduction:

Drug abuse is a social event and one of the worse health problems in the current age. Nowadays, the inclination of young people has changed from traditional drugs to more sophisticated and industrial drugs such as ecstasy, glass, and crack. Increasing drug abuse can be sought in families’ lifestyles as an effective factor on individuals’ health. The disturbance in family functioning can be associated with an individual’s antisocial behaviors like addiction. Therefore, the current study is aimed at determining the relationship between lifestyle and family functioning of family members of patients with amphetamine abuse who referred to drug rehabilitation clinics in Southeast Iran.

Method:

This is a correlational descriptive study conducted on 196 family members of patients with amphetamine abuse who referred to drug rehabilitation clinics in Southeast Iran. Data were collected through the use of demographic, family functioning, and lifestyle questionnaires. Data analysis was performed with SPSS 19 using independent t test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation coefficient test.

Results:

The total mean score of lifestyle was observed to be 105.77 ± 24.39. Among the dimensions of lifestyle, the highest mean score was associated with health responsibility (26.28 ± 7.43), whereas the lowest mean score was associated with exercise (12.7 ± 5.1). In addition, the results showed that the total mean score of family functioning was 129.25 ± 20.97. Among the dimensions of family functioning, the highest mean score was associated with general functioning (26.07 ± 4.92), whereas the lowest mean score was associated with affective responsiveness (13.16 ± 2.88). There was a positive and significant relationship between lifestyle and family functioning, such that the increase in the mean score of lifestyle increased the score of family functioning (r = .34, p = .001).

Conclusion:

Because lifestyle is associated with family functioning of patients with amphetamine abuse, basic measures can be taken in families to prevent addiction by increasing information to families, which enhances their lifestyle and functioning.
Exploring the Trajectory and Prevention of Alcohol Use Among Young People From the Perspective of Professional Youth Workers
Authors: Haglund Kristin , Hayter Mark
Published: June 2019

Excessive alcohol use is a significant health issue. Underage drinking is one expression of excessive alcohol use. Researchers have identified a trajectory of alcohol involvement. Gaps exist in understanding the influences that delay and promote the trajectory of alcohol use among young people. The purpose of this study was to explore the contexts and influences that limited and contributed to the trajectory of alcohol use among young people. A qualitative descriptive design was used. Eight youth workers from a city in Northern England participated in individual audio-recorded semistructured interviews. Transcriptions were coded. Data were analyzed within, and across, codes to identify themes. The theme “Alcohol is an Expected Part of Life” characterized a hypothetical trajectory of alcohol involvement. “Fostering Community in Youth Centers” characterized how participants’ perceptions informed their work. The results increase understanding of how contexts may influence initiation, promotion, and prevention of alcohol use among young people.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence and mortality of metallo-beta-lactamases in Iranian patients infected with metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Mohammadpour Bashir , Salimizand Himen , Rahmani Khaled
Published: June 2019

Background and adjective:

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is associated with morality and healthcare associated infections. P. aeruginosa producing metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) genes causing more problems especially in patients with underlying immunosuppressive background. The aim of this study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of MBLs in P. aeruginosa in Iranian patients.

Search method:

All available national and international databanks (PubMed, Science Direct and pages web address) were searched to find published studies from 2006 to March 2018. Quality of studies was assessed by STROBE. Because of the significant heterogeneity, random effects model was used to combine the results. Statistical analysis was performed by STATA (software version 13, Stanford, California, USA) (confidence interval; 95%, P < 0.05).

Findings:

Final analyze was done on 51 articles relevant with 7548 sample size. Current study indicates that most of the P. aeruginosa isolated from wound. Pooled prevalence belonged to genes bla
VIM-1 3%, bla
VIM-2 2%, bla
IMP-1 5% and bla
IMP-2 3% in infected patients. Overall prevalence of another MBLs is replaced in Table 1. The overall prevalence of the MBL genes in all regions of Iran were 16% (95% confidence interval, 0.15–0.17). Moreover, the mortality rate in MBL producing P. aeruginosa infected patients, was 6% in three studies.

Conclusion:

The bla
VIM-1, bla
IMP, bla
IMP-1 and bla
IMP-2 genes are more prevalent in Iranian patients. Therefore, it is essential to set a national surveillance program for preventing of antibiotic resistance in Iranian patient.
Nurse Managers' Experiences With Electronic Health Records in Quality Monitoring
Authors: Soriano Rayne , Siegel Elena O. , Kim Tae Youn , Catz Sheryl
Published: June 2019

Little is known about how hospital-based nurse managers use electronic health records (EHR) to monitor nurse-sensitive quality measures, or about how they learn to do so. This article describes the role of nurse managers in quality monitoring, their experience in using the EHR to monitor nurse-sensitive quality measures, and their related training. A convenience sample of nurse managers and directors (n = 28) was recruited to participate in semistructured interviews. The resulting data were analyzed, using content analysis. This study revealed 3 components of the nurse manager's quality-monitoring role: monitoring documentation, monitoring practice, and performing investigations. Facilitators for accessing EHR information included ease of navigation, timeliness and accessibility of reports, and usefulness of EHR tools. Participants described a range of formal and informal approaches to learning how to access information for quality monitoring in general and for the EHR specifically. The findings provide direction for further exploration of the EHR structures and processes needed to support nurse managers' information needs and quality-monitoring training.
Innovation in Nursing Leadership: A Skill That Can Be Learned
Authors: Machon Michelle , Cundy Denise , Case Helen
Published: June 2019

Innovation and creativity are part of everyday life for the bedside nurse. Nursing clinicians continuously innovate and create to meet each patient's unique needs. However, policies, regulations, and drama can inhibit that creativity when clinicians move into management. Three nurse leaders discuss their journeys to bring innovation into their leadership practices through participation in a yearlong program, the “Executive Fellowship in Innovation Health Leadership.”

The authors share insights gained after they participated in a cohort of health care leaders who took part in this yearlong fellowship. Details of the fellowship program are discussed, along with the benefits of entering such a program. Three separate innovation projects are reviewed. In Iowa, an Assistant Vice President of Nursing led the restructure and development of a support role to remove unnecessary tasks from nurse managers. In California, a Director of Education, Practice, and Informatics took a personal journey to enhance her senior leadership skills. In Florida, a Chief Nursing Officer created a program designed to teach nurse leaders to be innovative in health care. Each author addresses the innovation model/methodologies that they applied in the execution of their individual projects.
The Pathologic and Genetic Characteristics of the Intestinal Subtype of Intraductal Papillary Neoplasms of the Bile Duct
Authors: Nakanuma Yasuni , Kakuda Yuko , Fukumura Yuki , Sugino Takashi , Uesaka Katsuhiko , Serizawa Masakuni , Terada Takuro , Ohnishi Yoshifumi
Published: June 2019

The present study aimed to identify the pathologic and genetic characteristics of intestinal subtype of intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (iIPNB) showing columnar cells with pseudostratified, cigar-shaped nuclei, and basophilic or amphophilic cytoplasm with the diffuse immunohistochemical expression of CK20 and/or CDX2. A total of 34 cases of iIPNB were pathologically examined according to their anatomic location (the bile duct) and were then compared with the intestinal subtype of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (iIPMN) of the pancreas (n=22). Mutations of 26 somatic genes were examined in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from 21 cases of iIPNB using the TruSight Tumor 26 gene panel and next-generation sequencing. iIPNB cases were divided into intrahepatic (n=6) and extrahepatic (n=28) categories. Intrahepatic IPNBs showed a less-complicated villous-papillary pattern, while extrahepatic IPNBs showed a papillary pattern with tubular and/or villous components and predominant high-grade dysplasia with complicated architectures. MUC5AC was frequently and extensively expressed in intrahepatic iIPNBs and iIPMNs but not in extrahepatic iIPNBs. CD10 was frequently expressed in extrahepatic IPNBs but not in intrahepatic iIPNBs or iIPMN. Genetic mutations of TP53 and PIK3CA, which were infrequent or absent in iIPMNs, were frequently detected in extrahepatic iIPNBs, while KRAS and GNAS, which were commonly observed in iIPMNs, were frequently detected in intrahepatic iIPNBs. Intrahepatic iIPNBs showed villous-papillary growth with features reminiscent of iIPMNs, while extrahepatic iIPNBs showed papillary growth with tubular and/or villous components, complicated histology and variable differences from iIPMNs, suggesting differences in the tumorigenesis of iIPNBs along the biliary tree.