bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative Surgical Strategy in Abdominal Emergency Surgery
Authors: Tolstrup Mai‐Britt , Jensen Thomas Korgaard , Gögenur Ismail
Published: October 2022

Background

Emergency abdominal surgery is associated with a high rate of postoperative complications and death. Pre‐ and immediate postoperative bundle‐care strategies have improved outcome, but so far, no standardized intraoperative strategies have been proposed. We introduced a quality improvement model of specific intra‐ and postoperative strategies for the heterogenous group of patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery. The objective was to evaluate a quality improvement strategy, using an intraoperative, multidisciplinary time‐out model in emergency abdominal surgery to apply one of three surgical strategies; definitive–palliative–or damage control surgery.

Methods

All patients scheduled for any gastrointestinal emergency procedure were stratified dynamically according to standardized criteria for performing definitive–palliative–or damage control surgery. Pre‐ intra‐ and postoperative data were collected according to the intraoperative strategy applied. Postoperative complications were displayed according to the Clavien‐Dindo‐score and the CCI (Comprehensive Complication Index). 30–90‐day‐ and 1‐year mortality was presented.

Results

We included 436 consecutive patients undergoing emergency laparotomy or laparoscopy in 2019. Intraoperative strategy was definitive in 326(75%)–palliative in 90(21%) and damage control approach in 20(4%) patients. CCI was 21(0,45), 30(17,54) and 78(54,100) in the definitive–, the palliative–, and the damage control group, respectively. 30‐day mortality was; 11.7%, 26.7% and 30%, and the 1‐year mortality was 16.9%, 56.7% and 40% in the definitive– the palliative– and the damage control group, respectively.

Conclusions

We present a multidisciplinary, intraoperative decision‐making standard as a potential quality improvement tool of ensuring individualized intra‐ and postoperative treatment for every emergency surgical patient and for future research‐protocols.
Nitrogen isotope enrichment predicts growth response of Pinus radiata in New Zealand to nitrogen fertiliser addition
Authors: Garrett Loretta G. , Lin Yue , Matson Amanda L. , Strahm Brian D.
Published: October 2022

The fertiliser growth response of planted forests can vary due to differences in site-specific factors like climate and soil fertility. We identified when forest stands responded to a standard, single application of nitrogen (N) fertiliser and employed a machine learning random forest model to test the use of natural abundance stable isotopic N (δ15N) to predict site response. Pinus radiata growth response was calculated as the change in periodic annual increment of basal area (PAI BA) from replicated control and treatment (~ 200 kg N ha−1) plots within trials across New Zealand. Variables in the analysis were climate, silviculture, soil, and foliage chemical properties, including natural abundance δ15N values as integrators of historical patterns in N cycling. Our Random Forest model explained 78% of the variation in growth with tree age and the δ15N enrichment factor (δ15Nfoliage − δ15Nsoil) showing more than 50% relative importance to the model. Tree growth rates generally decreased with more negative δ15N enrichment factors. Growth response to N fertiliser was highly variable. If a response was going to occur, it was most likely within 1–3 years after fertiliser addition. The Random Forest model predicts that younger stands (< 15 years old) with the freedom to grow and sites with more negative δ15N isotopic enrichment factors will exhibit the biggest growth response to N fertiliser. Supporting the challenge of forest nutrient management, these findings provide a novel decision-support tool to guide the intensification of nutrient additions.
New concepts in EBV-associated B, T, and NK cell lymphoproliferative disorders
Authors: Quintanilla-Martinez Leticia , Swerdlow Steven H , Tousseyn Thomas , Barrionuevo Carlos , Nakamura Shigeo , Jaffe Elaine S.
Published: October 2022

EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) include conditions of B, T, and NK cell derivation with a wide clinicopathological spectrum ranging from indolent, self-limiting, and localized conditions to highly aggressive lymphomas. Since the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) lymphoma classification, progress has been made in understanding the biology of the EBV-associated LPDs. The diagnostic criteria of EBV+ mucocutaneous ulcer and lymphomatoid granulomatosis have been refined, and a new category of EBV-positive polymorphic B cell LPD was introduced to encompass the full spectrum of EBV-driven B cell disorders. The differential diagnosis of these conditions is challenging. This report will present criteria to assist the pathologist in diagnosis. Within the group of EBV-associated T and NK cell lymphomas, a new provisional entity is recognized, namely,primary nodal EBV+ T or NK cell lymphoma. The EBV + T and NK cell LPDs in children have undergone major revisions. In contrast to the 2016 WHO classification, now four major distinct groups are recognized: hydroa vacciniforme (HV) LPD, severe mosquito bite allergy, chronic active EBV (CAEBV) disease, and systemic EBV-positive T cell lymphoma of childhood. Two forms of HV LPD are recognized: the classic and the systemic forms with different epidemiology, clinical presentation, and prognosis. The subclassification of PTLD, not all of which are EBV-positive, remains unaltered from the 2016 WHO classification. This review article summarizes the conclusions and the recommendations of the Clinical Advisory Committee (CAC), which are summarized in the International Consensus Classification of Mature Lymphoid Neoplasms.
Institutionelle Dynamiken und (ungenutzte) Potenziale im Markt für Heimstromspeicher in Deutschland
Authors: Zademach Hans-Martin , Käsbohrer Andrea
Published: October 2022

Der Markt für stationäre Batteriespeicher in Privathaushalten in Deutschland weist aktuell ein ausgesprochen dynamisches Wachstum auf, gekennzeichnet sowohl von rasantem technischen Fortschritt und rapide steigenden Verkaufszahlen als auch von organisatorischen Neuerungen, die großes Potenzial dazu haben, den Energiemarkt grundlegend zu revolutionieren. Insbesondere eröffnen sich Möglichkeiten für dezentrale Energiegemeinschaften, in denen meist private, dezentrale Photovoltaikanlagen und Solarstromspeicher mithilfe digitaler Technologien zu großen virtuellen Kraftwerken miteinander verbunden werden und so selbst produzierter Solarstrom unter den Mitgliedern ohne die etablierten Energiekonzerne geteilt werden kann. Wie im Beitrag unter Rückgriff auf das Konzept des Layering of Policies ausführlicher dargelegt, bleibt ein großer Teil dieses Potenzials jedoch ungenutzt, und dies vor allem aufgrund institutioneller Rahmenbedingungen und politischer Interessen(-konflikte). Dazu präsentiert der Beitrag originäre empirische Befunde, vorwiegend aus problemzentrierten Interviews und teilnehmenden Beobachtungen. Auf konzeptioneller Ebene vertiefen die präsentierten Erkenntnisse unser Wissen über die Rolle institutioneller Dynamiken auf verschiedenen Maßstabsebenen im Allgemeinen und die (verzögerte) Durchsetzung von Nachhaltigkeitsinnovationen im Besonderen.
Closed-Form Equation for Estimating Unconfined Compressive Strength of Granite from Three Non-destructive Tests Using Soft Computing Models
Authors: Skentou Athanasia D. , Bardhan Abidhan , Mamou Anna , Lemonis Minas E. , Kumar Gaurav , Samui Pijush , Armaghani Danial J. , Asteris Panagiotis G.
Published: October 2022

The use of three artificial neural network (ANN)-based models for the prediction of unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of granite using three non-destructive test indicators, namely pulse velocity, Schmidt hammer rebound number, and effective porosity, has been investigated in this study. For this purpose, a sum of 274 datasets was compiled and used to train and validate three ANN models including ANN constructed using Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm (ANN-LM), a combination of ANN and particle swarm optimization (ANN-PSO), and a combination of ANN and imperialist competitive algorithm (ANN-ICA). The constructed ANN-LM model was proven to be the most accurate based on experimental findings. In the validation phase, the ANN-LM model has achieved the best predictive performance withR = 0.9607 and RMSE = 14.8272. Experimental results show that the developed ANN-LM outperforms a number of existing models available in the literature. Furthermore, a Graphical User Interface (GUI) has been developed which can be readily used to estimate the UCS of granite through the ANN-LM model. The developed GUI is made available as a supplementary material.
Gridchain: an investigation of privacy for the future local distribution grid
Authors: Picazo-Sanchez Pablo , Almgren Magnus
Published: October 2022

As part of building the smart grid, there is a massive deployment of so-called smart meters that aggregate information and communicate with the back-end office, apart from measuring properties of the local network. Detailed measurements and communication of, e.g., consumption allows for remote billing, but also in finding problems in the distribution of power and overall to provide data to be used to plan future upgrades of the network. From a security perspective, a massive deployment of such Internet of Things (IoT) components increases the risk that some may be compromised or that collected data are used for privacy-sensitive inference of the consumption of households. In this paper, we investigate the privacy concerns regarding detailed readings of smart meters for billing purposes. We present Gridchain, a solution where households can opt-in to hide their consumption patterns and thus make Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) more challenging. Households form groups where they can tradereal consumptionamong themselves to achievereported consumptionthat would be resistant to NILM. Gridchain is built on a publish/subscribe model and uses a permissioned blockchain to record any trades, meaning that dishonest households can be discovered and punished if they steal from other households in the group or the electricity company in the end. We implement and release a proof of concept of Gridchain and use public datasets to allow reproducibility. Our results show that even if an attacker has access to the reported electricity consumption of any member of a Gridchain group, this reported consumption is significantly far from the actual consumption to allow for a detailed fingerprint of the household activities.
How Can the European Union Adapt to Climate Change?
Authors: Lenaerts Klaas , Tagliapietra Simone , Wolff Guntram B.
Published: October 2022

Europe must increasingly deal with the harmful impacts of climate change, regardless of its success in reducing emissions. These impacts have significant cross-border effects and threaten to deepen existing divisions. Cooperation on adaptation, which is mostly seen as requiring local or regional efforts, may be useful, but the role of the European Union is ill-defined. This article gives an overview of how climate change might transform Europe and how it might affect people and the economy. It also discusses on what grounds adaptation policies should be pursued at the EU level. The article argues that a stronger adaptation governance framework would benefit adaptation efforts and formulates three ideas to strengthen adaptation. The first is a three-layered governance framework based on intensive cooperation to establish binding adaptation plans. Second is an EU-level insurance scheme against damages from climate change, with the size of national contributions tied to the achievement of targets in adaptation plans. The final suggestion is to increase ex ante adaptation funding by targeting more spending under EU regional and agricultural policies specifically to adaptation in the most vulnerable regions.
Intra-operator Repeatability of Manual Segmentations of the Hip Muscles on Clinical Magnetic Resonance Images
Authors: Davico Giorgio , Bottin Francesca , Di Martino Alberto , Castafaro Vanita , Baruffaldi Fabio , Faldini Cesare , Viceconti Marco
Published: October 2022

The manual segmentation of muscles on magnetic resonance images is the gold standard procedure to reconstruct muscle volumes from medical imaging data and extract critical information for clinical and research purposes. (Semi)automatic methods have been proposed to expedite the otherwise lengthy process. These, however, rely on manual segmentations. Nonetheless, the repeatability of manual muscle volume segmentations performed on clinical MRI data has not been thoroughly assessed. When conducted, volumetric assessments often disregard the hip muscles. Therefore, one trained operator performed repeated manual segmentations (n = 3) of the iliopsoas (n = 34) and gluteus medius (n = 40) muscles on coronal T1-weighted MRI scans, acquired on 1.5 T scanners on a clinical population of patients elected for hip replacement surgery. Reconstructed muscle volumes were divided in sub-volumes and compared in terms of volume variance (normalized variance of volumes – nVV), shape (Jaccard Index—JI) and surface similarity (maximal Hausdorff distance—HD), to quantify intra-operator repeatability. One-way repeated measures ANOVA (or equivalent) tests with Bonferroni corrections for multiple comparisons were conducted to assess statistical significance. For both muscles, repeated manual segmentations were highly similar to one another (nVV: 2–6%, JI > 0.78, HD < 15 mm). However, shape and surface similarity were significantly lower when muscle extremities were included in the segmentations (e.g., iliopsoas: HD –12.06 to 14.42 mm,P < 0.05). Our findings show that the manual segmentation of hip muscle volumes on clinical MRI scans provides repeatable results over time. Nonetheless, extreme care should be taken in the segmentation of muscle extremities.
Health Promotion and Identity Construction in Norwegian Kindergartens – A Qualitative Study on Children with and without Disabilities
Authors: Åmot Ingvild , Ytterhus Borgunn
Published: October 2022

This article focuses on how children, independent of abilities, create healthy identities and spaces in kindergarten, and is based on a qualitative CGT-study carried out in Norwegian Kindergartens. Data sources include Life-form interviews with 24 children, with and without disabilities. Children placed health in the context of their daily-life experiences. They underlined the importance of aspiring to social well-being and creating healthy spaces through internally driven physical exertion and child-controlled activities. Children described how they relate to the staff’s restrictions and legal requirements as “the staff” versus “we, the children”. They advocate for the staff’s engagement in play and activities.
Geospatial measurement of urban sprawl using multi-temporal datasets from 1991 to 2021: case studies of four Indian medium-sized cities
Authors: Chettry Vishal
Published: October 2022

In recent decades, medium-sized Indian cities have experienced accelerated urban growth due to the saturation of large cities. Such rapid urban growth combined with inadequate urban planning has triggered urban sprawl in medium-sized Indian cities. In this context, the present study focuses on the geospatial measurement of urban sprawl in four rapidly expanding Indian medium-sized cities located in diverse physiographic regions, such as Lucknow urban agglomeration (UA), Bhubaneswar UA, Raipur UA, and Dehradun UA. Multi-temporal Landsat imageries from 1991 to 2021 were downloaded for land cover classification through the maximum likelihood classification tool in ArcGIS 10.3. Thereafter, spatiotemporal land cover change detection was performed based on the classified land cover maps. The presence of urban sprawl was detected using the relative entropy index while the urban expansion index quantified the urban sprawl typologies such as edge expansion, leapfrog development, and ribbon development. The results exhibited a rapid rise in built-up land cover from 1991 to 2021. The prevalence of urban sprawl was detected in all four cities as per the relative entropy index. Edge expansion typology of urban sprawl was dominant compared to leapfrog development and ribbon development. Such urban growth phenomenon creates a hindrance in promoting sustainable urban development in medium-sized Indian cities. The results obtained from this paper would assist urban planners and policymakers in developing strategies to encourage planned urban growth. This paper exhibits the potential of geoinformatics to monitor and analyze urban sprawl.
The Buoyancy of the Tunnel Segmental Lining in the Surrounding Filling Material and its Effects on the Concrete Stress State
Authors: Han Xin , Oreste Pierpaolo , Ye Fei
Published: October 2022

Segmental lining is subject to significant upward buoyancy forces when a grouting material (slurry), initially fluid, is adopted to fill the gap between its external profile and the wall of a tunnel excavated with a TBM machine. The analysis of the effects of these forces is important in order to correctly dimension the segmental lining and avoid damage to the lining and subsequent costly maintenance and restoration actions. Given the complexity of the behavior of a segmental lining consisting of segmental rings and circular joints that alternate in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, a specific numerical model has been implemented, adopting the Finite Element Method (FEM). This model is able to obtain the development of the vertical displacements of the segmental lining starting from the TBM tail, together with the bending moments and the shear forces induced inside it. The developed model is able to assess the risks of breaking and damaging the concrete and steel bolts that are used to connect the segmental rings at the circular joints; therefore, it represents a useful design tool for being able to correctly dimension the segmental lining also in relation to the risks produced by the appearance of considerable buoyancy forces around it, due to the presence of the initially fluid filling material. The proposed numerical model was applied to a real case (Ningbo metro tunnel) and allowed to obtain satisfactory results from the comparison of the calculated displacements with in situ measurements. Some sensitivity analyzes developed on the studied case have made it possible to detect which are the influencing parameters that have the greatest impact on the behavior of segmental lining in the presence of the studied buoyancy forces.
Non-destructive, Contactless and Real-Time Capable Determination of the α’-Martensite Content in Modified Subsurfaces of AISI 304
Authors: Fricke Lara Vivian , Thürer Susanne Elisabeth , Jahns Moritz , Breidenstein Bernd , Maier Hans Jürgen , Barton Sebastian
Published: October 2022

Cryogenic turning can be used to produce deformation-induced martensite in metastable austenitic steels. Martensite exhibits a higher hardness than austenite and increases the wear resistance of the workpiece. In order to reliably induce a desired martensite content in the subsurface zone during the turning process, a non-destructive, contactless and real-time testing method is necessary. Eddy current testing is an electromagnetic method that is non-destructive, non-contact and real-time capable. Furthermore, eddy current testing has been integrated into production processes many times. Eddy current testing can be used to detect the transformation of paramagnetic austenite to ferromagnetic α′-martensite based on the change in magnetic and electrical properties. Thus, the newly formed subsurface can be characterized and the manufacturing process can be monitored. The objective of this study was to understand the correlation of eddy current testing signals with newly formed α′-martensite in the subsurface of AISI 304 and to quantify the amount formed. The measurements were performed within a machining center. Several methods for reference measurement of martensite content are known in the literature. However, depending on the method used, large discrepancies may occur between the determined contents. Therefore, different analytical methods were used for reference measurements to determine the total martensite content in the subsurface. Metallographic sections, magnetic etching, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction with two different analytical methods were employed. Based on the correlation between the eddy current testing signals and the α′-martensite content in the subsurface, process control of the manufacturing process can be achieved in the future.
Equilibrium Solubility of Triclocarban in (Cyclohexane + 1,4-Dioxane) Mixtures: Determination, Correlation, Thermodynamics and Preferential Solvation
Authors: Agredo-Collazos John Jairo , Ortiz Claudia Patricia , Cerquera Nestor Enrique , Cardenas-Torres Rossember Edén , Delgado Daniel Ricardo , Peña María Ángeles , Martínez Fleming
Published: October 2022

Equilibrium solubility of triclocarban (TCC) expressed in mole fraction in 1,4-dioxane and cyclohexane, as well, as in 19 {cyclohexane (1) + 1,4-dioxane (2)} mixtures, was determined at seven temperatures fromT = (288.15 to 318.15) K. Logarithmic TCC solubility in these cosolvent mixtures was adequately correlated with a lineal bivariate equation as function of both the mixtures composition and temperature. Apparent thermodynamic quantities for the dissolution and mixing processes were computed by means of the van’t Hoff and Gibbs equations observing endothermal and entropy-driven dissolution processes in all cases. The enthalpy–entropy compensation plot of apparent enthalpyvs.apparent Gibbs energy was linear exhibiting positive slope implying enthalpy-driving for TCC transfer from cyclohexane to 1,4-dioxane. Ultimately, by using the inverse Kirkwood–Buff integrals it is observed that TCC is preferentially solvated by cyclohexane molecules in 1,4-dioxane-rich mixtures but preferentially solvated by 1,4-dioxane molecules in cyclohexane-rich mixtures.
Was the Fishing Village of Lepenski Vir Built by Europe’s First Farmers?
Authors: Brami Maxime , Winkelbach Laura , Schulz Ilektra , Schreiber Mona , Blöcher Jens , Diekmann Yoan , Burger Joachim
Published: October 2022

It is now widely accepted that agriculture and settled village life arrived in Europe as a cultural package, carried by people migrating from Anatolia and the Aegean Basin. The putative fisher-forager site of Lepenski Vir in Serbia has long been acknowledged as an exception to this model. Here, the Mesolithic–Neolithic transition—possibly inspired by interaction with the new arrivals—was thought to have taken place autochthonously on site. Our reinterpretation, based on ancient genomes, as well as archaeological and isotopic evidence, indicates that here, too, house construction, early village society and agriculture were primarily associated with Europe’s first farmers, thus challenging the long-held view of Lepenski Vir as a Mesolithic community that adopted Neolithic practices. Although aspects of the site's occupation, such as the trapezoidal houses, were inspired by local Mesolithic traditions, it is far from certain that the village was founded by Iron Gates foragers. A detailed timeline of population changes at the site suggests that Aegean incomers did not simply integrate into an established Mesolithic society, but rather founded new lineages and households. Iron Gates foragers and their admixed descendants largely appear to have been buried separately, on the fringes of the settlement. The diet of those buried outside in pits shows no major shift from aquatic to terrestrial food resources.
Designing an evidence based community pharmacy service specification for a pharmacogenomic testing service
Authors: Rendell Tim , Barnett Julie , Scott Sion , Wright David
Published: October 2022

Background

Pharmacogenomics is a novel arena of medicine that uses patients’ Deoxyribonucleic Acid to support pharmacists and prescribers selecting the most appropriate medicine for patients.

Aim

To review and validate a service specification for a pharmacogenomics testing service.

Method

Consensus methods (Delphi method and the Nominal Group Technique) were deployed. A consensus panel comprising of pharmacists, prescribers and patients was convened to participate in the co-design process. Panel members were first surveyed to obtain their views on Behaviour Change Techniques identified as necessary for the service in a previous study. Following this, a workshop was convened to discuss, agree and confirm details for the service specification and recommend strategies for operationalisation. Outputs from the workshop were used to inform a final version of the service specification.

Results

From the consensus panel (pharmacists (n = 6), general practitioners (n = 3) and patients (n = 3)), strategies for operationalisation of nine Behaviour Change Techniques were agreed as being required. In addition, several unique and innovative strategies for implementation of the community pharmacy service were identified and included in the service specification.

Conclusion

The research shows that to encourage community pharmacist engagement in providing a pharmacogenomic testing service and prescriber acceptance of recommendations for any changes to patients’ prescriptions, a multi-professional launch event is required. To agree communication strategies and professional boundaries, training in clinical decision making and patient support materials are required as is guidance on how to deliver the service in a standardised manner. Finally, healthcare professionals would be reassured by the provision of an expert help-line for any complex patients.
General practice pharmacists’ implementation of advanced clinical assessment skills: a qualitative study of behavioural determinants
Authors: Rushworth Gordon F. , Jebara Tesnime , Tonna Antonella Pia , Rudd Ian , Stewart Fiona , MacVicar Ronald , Cunningham Scott
Published: October 2022

Background

The role of General Practice Clinical Pharmacists is becoming more clinically complex. Some are undertaking courses to develop their skillsets.

Aim

To explore potential behavioural determinants influencing the implementation of skills gained from Advanced Clinical Examination and Assessment courses by General Practice Clinical Pharmacists.

Method

This study used a qualitative methodology with theoretical underpinning. General Practice Clinical Pharmacists in the Scottish National Health Service, having completed an Advanced Clinical Examination and Assessment course, were invited for online dyadic (paired) interviews. Informed written consent was obtained. The interview schedule was developed using the Theoretical Domains Framework and piloted. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using a framework analysis. Ethics approval was obtained.

Results

Seven dyadic interviews were conducted. These included fourteen pharmacist participants from eight Health Boards. Three main themes were identified: 1. Factors influencing implementation of advanced clinical skills by pharmacists; 2. Social and environmental influences affecting opportunities for pharmacists in advanced clinical roles; 3. Perceptions of pharmacist professional identity for advanced practice roles. Nine sub-themes provided a depth of insight including; participants reporting courses allowed clinically autonomous practice; participants shared frustration around social and environmental factors limiting implementation opportunities; participants expressed a need for clarification of professional identify/roles within current contractual mechanisms to allow them to fully implement the skills gained.

Conclusion

This work identified numerous behavioural determinants related to implementation of advanced clinical skills by pharmacists in general practice. Policy, and review of implementation strategies are urgently required to best utilise pharmacists with these skills.
Is There a Limit to Resemblances?
Authors: Park Wonyong , Brock Richard
Published: October 2022

The notion of family resemblance has recently emerged as a promising and fruitful approach to characterising the nature of science (NOS) in science education research, offering solutions to some perplexing challenges such as capturing both the domain-general and domain-specific features of science with a single framework. At the same time, however, criticism has been levelled that the resemblance might eventually extend to certain activities that are not scientific but pose as science. This would be an undesirable consequence for science educators, particularly given the increasing need for individuals to discern pseudoscientific claims circulated on social media from scientific information. Many pseudoscientific and non-scientific activities resemble science in terms of their aim to explain nature, their use of evidence-based methods, and their interrelation with politics and society. In this theoretical article, we build on the concept of family resemblance to consider how it can simultaneously explain the diversity and unity of science and help students to learn about the nature of science and that of pseudoscience in science education. We put forward three principles that can guide teaching about pseudoscience based on the family resemblance conceptualisation of science.
Starstruck by journal prestige and citation counts? On students’ bias and perceptions of trustworthiness according to clues in publication references
Authors: Eika Evelyn , Sandnes Frode Eika
Published: October 2022

Research is becoming increasingly accessible to the public via open access publications, researchers’ social media postings, outreach activities, and popular disseminations. A healthy research discourse is typified by debates, disagreements, and diverging views. Consequently, readers may rely on the information available, such as publication reference attributes and bibliometric markers, to resolve conflicts. Yet, critical voices have warned about the uncritical and one-sided use of such information to assess research. In this study we wanted to get insight into how individuals without research training place trust in research based on clues present in publication references. A questionnaire was designed to probe respondents’ perceptions of six publication attributes. A total of 148 students responded to the questionnaire of which 118 were undergraduate students (with limited experience and knowledge of research) and 27 were graduate students (with some knowledge and experience of research). The results showed that the respondents were mostly influenced by the number of citations and the recency of publication, while author names, publication type, and publication origin were less influential. There were few differences between undergraduate and graduate students, with the exception that undergraduate students more strongly favoured publications with multiple authors over publications with single authors. We discuss possible implications for teachers that incorporate research articles in their curriculum.
Anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty in patients under 50 and over 80 years of age. Part 1
Authors: Raniga Sumit , Arenas-Miquelez Antonio , Bokor Desmond J.
Published: October 2022

Anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty is a widely used definitive surgical solution for end-stage glenohumeral joint osteoarthritis and is associated with good clinical outcomes. Anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty has a role for patients under 50 years of age who have exhausted nonoperative management and for patients over 80 years of age with an intact rotator cuff. Patients younger than 50 place greater demands on their replaced shoulders, raising concerns about implant survivorship and in particular the failure of the glenoid component. There are limited data on the long-term survivorship of anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty in patients under the age of 50 years in the literature. Modern bone-preserving designs utilizing newer materials may contribute to improved outcomes and survivorship. Achieving comparable functional outcomes in patients over 80 years of age remains a challenge with concerns related to rotator cuff failure. However, in appropriately selected patients over the age of 80 years, an anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty provides better pain relief and function than a reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.
High-resolution impacts of green areas on air quality in Madrid
Authors: San Jose Roberto , Perez-Camanyo Juan L.
Published: October 2022

This study numerically investigates the influence of trees on air quality in Madrid urban area (Spain). Simulations are performed using the mesoscale model WRF/Chem (EPA, US) and the microclimate computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model PALM4U (IMUK, DE) configured as LES (Large Eddy Simulation). PALM4U is running over one of the 1 km × 1 km grid cells with 5 m very high spatial resolution using three different scenarios. In the simulation domain, there is a zone (approximately 25% of the domain) of vegetation where the dominant species are broadleaf trees included in the BAU (Business as Usual) scenario. The second scenario is focused on changing the type of the tree from broad leaf at BAU scenario to needle leaf the so-called ND scenario and the third scenario called NOTREE which comprise the replacement of the trees located in the green zone. The base simulations (BAU) are compared with data from the Madrid air quality monitoring network for the evaluation of the simulation results. The effects of the trees are calculated comparing scenarios (BAU-NOTREE and BAU-ND), so a brute force methodology has been used. This paper shows that the effects of the trees and type of trees are not uniform across the urban area because there are variations in the energy fluxes and the aerodynamic effect and there are important interactions of trees with wind flow dynamics. The mitigation potential effect of trees on gaseous air pollutants concentrations is showed and also may enhance substantially air pollution in other areas.
Räume eröffnen und gemeinsames Wagen im Offenen Dialog
Authors: Bröhling-Kusterer Julia , Berens Sarah , Vogelsang Jost , Aderhold Volkmar
Published: October 2022

Der Offene Dialog definiert eine moderne sozialpsychiatrische Arbeitsweise, in dem der Genesungsprozess der Betroffenen und ihrer Netzwerke kollaborativ gefördert wird. Dies wird im Kern durch professionell moderierte Netzwerkgespräche erreicht. Dabei lassen sich Moderator_innen, Betroffene und Angehörige miteinander auf einen gemeinsamen Prozess ein, der auf allen Seiten zu Begegnungsmomenten und emotionalem Berührtsein führt und so zu tragfähigen Entwicklungen, Veränderungen und Lösungen für alle Beteiligten beiträgt.
Antigenspezifische Aktivierung von B-Lymphozyten in vitro
Authors: Michelchen Sophia , Micheel Burkhart , Hanack Katja
Published: October 2022

We established an in vitro activation protocol for the generation of monoclonal antibodies. Purified murine B lymphocytes were activated in vitro with combinations of antigen and selected stimuli. Within ten days we induced specific IgM and IgG antibody responses against a viral coat protein. Permanently antibody-producing hybridomas were generated to produce monoclonal antibodies.
Rekrutierung von Natürlichen Killerzellen durch optimierte Immunliganden
Authors: Boje Ammelie Svea , Klausz Katja , Pekar Lukas , Kellner Christian , Zielonka Stefan , Peipp Matthias
Published: October 2022

NK cells emerged as promising immune cells for cancer therapy. Beyond antibody-based approaches triggering NK cell activity via the FcγRIIIa, also multifunctional approaches are being exploited to redirect NK cell cytotoxicity against malignant cells. In this respect, immunoligands which are fusion proteins composed of an antibody-derived targeting arm and a natural ligand for an activating receptor on NK cells show great promise in inducing effector cell activation against tumor cells.
Reinventing the Penumbra — the Emerging Clockwork of a Multi-modal Mechanistic Paradigm
Authors: Walther Jakob , Kirsch Elena Marie , Hellwig Lina , Schmerbeck Sarah S. , Holloway Paul M. , Buchan Alastair M. , Mergenthaler Philipp
Published: October 2022

The concept of the ischemic penumbra was originally defined as the area around a necrotic stroke core and seen as the tissue at imminent risk of further damage. Today, the penumbra is generally considered as time-sensitive hypoperfused brain tissue with decreased oxygen and glucose availability, salvageable tissue as treated by intervention, and the potential target for neuroprotection in focal stroke. The original concept entailed electrical failure and potassium release but one short of neuronal cell death and was based on experimental stroke models, later confirmed in clinical imaging studies. However, even though the basic mechanisms have translated well, conferring brain protection, and improving neurological outcome after stroke based on the pathophysiological mechanisms in the penumbra has yet to be achieved. ﻿Recent findings shape the modern understanding of the penumbra revealing a plethora of molecular and cellular pathophysiological mechanisms. We now propose a new model of the penumbra, one which we hope will lay the foundation for future translational success. We focus on the availability of glucose, the brain’s central source of energy, and bioenergetic failure as core pathophysiological concepts. We discuss the relation of mitochondrial function in different cell types to bioenergetics and apoptotic cell death mechanisms, autophagy, and neuroinflammation, to glucose metabolism in what is a dynamic ischemic penumbra.
p-adaptive discontinuous Galerkin method for the shallow water equations with a parameter-free error indicator
Authors: Faghih-Naini Sara , Aizinger Vadym
Published: October 2022

We propose a p-adaptive quadrature-free discontinuous Galerkin method for the shallow water equations based on a computationally efficient adaptivity indicator which works without any problem-dependent parameters. The error and smoothness of the solution are detected using the information collected for slope limiting and, for piecewise constant discretizations, by carrying out a reconstruction procedure. The accuracy and robustness of the new scheme are evaluated using several benchmarks and compared to other adaptivity indicators. Our results indicate that the proposed indicator finds a good balance between solution quality and computational overhead.
Who polarizes Twitter? Ideological polarization, partisan groups and strategic networked campaigning on Twitter during the 2017 and 2021 German Federal elections 'Bundestagswahlen'
Authors: Darius Philipp
Published: October 2022

Political campaign activities are increasingly digital. A crucial part of digital campaigning is communication efforts on social media platforms. As a forum for political discourse and political communication, parties and candidates on Twitter share public messages and aim to attract media attention and persuade voters. Party or prominent candidate hashtags are a central element of the campaign communication strategy since journalists and citizens search for these hashtags to follow the current debate concerning the hashed party or political candidate. Political elites and partisans use social media strategically, e.g., to link their messages to a broader debate, increase the visibility of messages, criticize other parties, or take over their hashtags (hashjacking). This study investigates the cases of the most recent 2017 and 2021 German federal elections called 'Bundestagswahlen'. The investigation (1) identifies communities of partisans in retweet networks in order to analyze the polarization of the most prominent hashtags of parties, 2) assesses the political behavior by partisan groups that amplify messages by political elites in these party networks, and 3) examines the polarization and strategic behavior of the identified partisan groups in the broader election hashtag debates using #BTW17 and #BTW21 as the prominent hashtags of the 2017 and 2021 elections. While in 2017, the far-right party 'Alternative für Deutschland' (AfD) and its partisans are in an isolated community, in 2021, they are part of the same community as the official party accounts of established conservative and liberal parties. This broader polarization may indicate changes in the political ideology of these actors. While the overall activity of political elites and partisans increased between 2017 and 2021, AfD politicians and partisans are more likely to use other party hashtags, which resulted in the polarization of the observed parts of the German political twitter sphere. While in 2017, the AfD polarized German Twitter, 2021 shows a broader division along the classical left–right divide.
Heat shock transcriptional factors (HSFs) are expressed in response to hydrogen peroxide production in grapevines inoculated with Colletotrichum Species
Authors: You Young Jun , Ahn Soon Young , Yun Hae Keun
Published: October 2022

Heat shock transcriptional factors (HSFs) are expressed in plants due to external stress, high temperatures, or pathogenic infections. This study was undertaken to analyze the expression of HSF genes in grapevines inoculated with pathogens. Spores of Colletotrichum acutatum and C. gloeosporioides were inoculated on the leaves, and on immature and mature fruits of ‘Campbell Early’ and creeping grapevine (Vitis flexuosa). The real-time PCR of RNA isolated from infected leaves and fruits showed specific upregulation of HSF11, HSF12, HSF14, and HSF15 subsequent to both high temperature and pathogen infections. However, HSF16 and HSF17 were up-regulated specifically by pathogenic infections only and showed different expression patterns in response to wounding. Among the hydrogen peroxide-related genes, the expression of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was up-regulated by pathogen infections. Concurrently, expression of six HSFs (HSF11, HSF12, HSF14, HSF15, HSF16, and HSF17) dose-dependently increased with accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in the leaves and fruits of grapevines. The expression of selected HSF genes was up-regulated differentially as a defense reaction in ‘Campbell Early’ and V. flexuosa grapevine in response to external stress (such as wounding) and pathogen inoculation. This indicates that expression of some HSFs is regulated through the hydrogen peroxide-mediated pathways in response to pathogens. Further studies determining the mechanism of HSF gene expression induced by external stress are required.
Oxygen vacancy engineering on cerium oxide nanowires for room-temperature linalool detection in rice aging
Authors: Xu Jinyong , Zhang Chao
Published: October 2022

It is a huge challenge for metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors to inspect volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at room temperature (RT). Herein, the effective utilization of cerium oxide (CeO2) nanowires for RT detection of VOCs was realized via regulating its surface chemical state. Oxygen vacancy engineering on CeO2 nanowires, synthesized via hydrothermal method, can be manipulated by annealing under various controlled atmospheres. The sample annealed under 5%H2+95%Ar condition exhibited outstanding RT sensing properties, displaying a high response of 16.7 towards 20 ppm linalool, a fast response and recovery time (16 and 121 s, respectively), and a low detection of limit of 0.54 ppm. The enhanced sensing performance could be ascribed for the synergistic effects of its nanowire morphology, the large specific surface area (83.95 m2/g), and the formation of extensive oxygen vacancy accompanied by an increase in Ce3+. Additionally, the practicability of the sensor was verified via two varieties of rice (Indica and Japonica rice) stored in various periods (1, 3, 5, 7, 15, and 30 d). The experimental results revealed that the sensor was able to distinguish Indica rice from Japonica rice. Accordingly, the as-developed sensor delivers a strategic material to develop high-performance RT electronic nose equipment for monitoring rice quality.
Experimental study on the oxidation kinetics of coal in typical coal mining areas of the Southern Junggar coalfield, Xinjiang, China
Authors: Zeng Qiang , Shen Li
Published: October 2022

Coal spontaneous combustion (CSC) is a disaster associated with coal mining that leads to loss of coal resources and environmental and human health issues. To investigate kinetic characteristics for oxidation of coal, three coal samples were collected from different coal mining areas in the Southern Junggar coalfield. Subsequently, the collected coal samples were ground into different particle sizes and tested using microscopic and macroscopic methods, including thermal gravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and temperature-programmed oxidation. The results obtained are as follows: the sharpest absorption peak (002) indicates that graphitization is high. Furthermore, the results show that the SKS coal sample is prone to spontaneous combustion; the greater the aromatic hydrocarbon content is, the more difficult it is for CSC to occur, while the opposite is true for oxygen-containing functional groups. The SKS data confirmed this conclusion; the rate for generation of CO and CO2 controlled the possibility of SKS oxidation at 110 °C and provided an indication of the temperature. During the dehydration stage, the WD sample had the lowest activation energy, indicating that it was most susceptible to spontaneous combustion. During the combustion stage, the lowest activation energy was found for the SKS sample with particle sizes < 0.075 mm, indicating that particle size was one of the factors affecting spontaneous combustion. The activation energy for dehydration was significantly lower than that for combustion, which showed that the coal oxygen reaction was more likely to occur in the dehydration stage. Based on DSC curves, the SKS sample had the largest exothermicity, indicating that it would ignite more readily.
Exploration of adventure therapy community and practice in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Jeffery Helen , Hensey Ciara
Published: October 2022

This research explored the use of adventure therapy in Aotearoa New Zealand, how practitioners have learned their skills, and what they perceive the field needs to support its development. The mixed methods study used interpretive description methodology to analyse focus group and survey data. The field is diverse and includes practitioners from outdoor education, youth work, and therapy professions. They share common understanding of, and passion for adventure therapy practices. Formal learning opportunities are limited, and a Community of Practice model exists. Practitioners should use adventure therapy strategies within their discipline boundaries and practice with a trauma informed lens. The field would benefit from more education and training opportunities, from intentionally strengthening the Community of Practice model, and from Māori research to enhance appropriateness of practice for the unique cultural context of Aotearoa New Zealand.