bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TEKNIK PEMBESARAN IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus) DI INSTALASI BUDIDAYA AIR TAWAR PANDAAN, JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Salsabila Meidiana , Suprapto Hari
Published: June 2019

Ikan nila merupakan ikan yang banyak dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat di Indonesia. Permintaan pasar akan ikan nila mengalami kenaikan setiap tahunnya, sehingga produksi ikan nila perlu ditingkatkan lagi, terutama pada proses pembesaran ikan nila. Tujuan dari praktek kerja lapang ini adalah mengetahui secara langsung tentang teknik pembesaran secara semi-intesif pada ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) di Instalasi Budidaya Air Tawar (IBAT) Pandaan, Jawa Timur dan mengetahui permasalahan yang terjadi dalam teknik pembesaran secara semi-intensif pada ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) di Instalasi Budidaya Air Tawar (IBAT) Pandaan, Jawa Timur. Kegiatan pembesaran ikan nila meliputi persiapan kolam, penebaran benih, pemberian pakan, pengelolaan kualitas air, pengendalian hama dan penyakit, serta pemanenan. Persiapan kolam meliputi pengeringan tanah, pembalikan tanah, pengapuran, dan pengisian air. Pengeringan dilakukan selama 1-2 minggu atau tergantung cuaca hingga tanah tampak retak. Pembalikan tanah dilakukan setelah tanah kering dan dicangkul dengan kedalaman 5-10 cm. Pengapuran dilakukan dengan menggunakan kapur dolomit dengan dosis 70 gram per m2 dan dibiarkan hingga 2 hari. Kemudian kolam diisi dengan air hingga mencapai ketinggian 50- 60 cm.Benih yang ditebar di kolam pembesaran memiliki ukuran 3-5 cm dengan padat tebar 30-50 ekor per m2. Dosis pakan yang diberikan sebanyak 3% dari total berat ikan nila. Selama kegiatan Praktek Kerja Lapang tidak ditemukan ikan yang terkena penyakit, namun ditemukan beberapa hama di kolam yang berupa siput air. Kualitas air yang diukur terdiri dari dissolved oxygen atau oksigen terlarut, suhu, pH, dan kecerahan. Kadar oksigen terlarut berkisar antara 4,00-6,50 mg/L, suhu antara 27-30oC, pH 6,0-6,5, dan kecerahan 31 cm. Untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan ikan nila, dilakukan sampling setiap minggunya dengan mengukur panjang dan berat ikan.
Realistic Traffic Condition Informed Life Cycle Assessment: Interstate 495 Maintenance and Rehabilitation Case Study
Authors: Haslett Katie E. , Dave Eshan V. , Mo Weiwei
Published: June 2019

As construction costs continue to rise and adequate amounts of funding continues to be a challenge, the allocation of resources is of critical importance when it comes to the maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) of highway infrastructure. A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology is presented here that integrates realistic traffic conditions in the operational phase to compare M&R scenarios over the analysis period of a 26-km stretch of Interstate-495. Pavement International Roughness Index (IRI) were determined using AASHTO’s PavementME System. Meanwhile, vehicle fuel consumption and emission factors were calculated using a combination of Google Maps®, the U.S. EPA’s Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator, the SHRP2 Naturalistic Driving Study, and MassDOT’s Transportation Data Management System. The evaluation of pavement performance with realistic traffic conditions, varying M&R strategies and material characteristics was quantified in terms of Life Cycle Cost (LCC), Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Cumulative Energy Demand (CED) for both agencies and users. The inclusion of realistic traffic conditions into the use phase of the LCA resulted in a 6.4% increase in CED and GWP when compared to baseline conditions simulated for a week long operation duration. Results from this study show that optimization of M&R type, material selection and timing may lead to a 2.72% decrease in operations cost and 47.6% decrease in construction/maintenance costs.
Carboplatin Enhances the Activity of Human Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 through the Cyclic AMP-Protein Kinase A-A-Kinase Anchoring Protein (AKAP) Pathways
Authors: Miyano Kanako , Shiraishi Seiji , Minami Koichiro , Sudo Yuka , Suzuki Masami , Yokoyama Toru , Terawaki Kiyoshi , Nonaka Miki , Murata Hiroaki , Higami Yoshikazu , Uezono Yasuhito
Published: June 2019

Carboplatin, an anticancer drug, often causes chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (PN). Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), a non-selective cation channel, is a polymodal nociceptor expressed in sensory neurons. TRPA1 is involved not only in pain transmission but also in allodynia or hyperalgesia development. However, the effects of TRPA1 on carboplatin-induced PN is unclear. We revealed that carboplatin induced mechanical allodynia and cold hyperalgesia, and the pains observed in carboplatin-induced PN models were significantly suppressed by the TRPA1 antagonist HC-030031 without a change in the level of TRPA1 protein. In cells expressing human TRPA, carboplatin had no effects on changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i); however, carboplatin pretreatment enhanced the increase in [Ca2+]i induced by the TRPA1 agonist, allyl isothiocyanate (AITC). These effects were suppressed by an inhibitor of protein kinase A (PKA). The PKA activator forskolin enhanced AITC-induced increase in [Ca2+]i and carboplatin itself increased intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels. Moreover, inhibition of A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) significantly decreased carboplatin-induced enhancement of [Ca2+]i induced by AITC and improved carboplatin-induced mechanical allodynia and cold hyperalgesia. These results suggested that carboplatin induced mechanical allodynia and cold hyperalgesia by increasing sensitivity to TRPA1 via the cAMP-PKA-AKAP pathway.
Smart Cities Planning and Sustainable Urban Development through Development and Analyzing Mental Maps of Citizen Perceptions
Authors: Aram Farshid , Solgi Ebrahim , Higueras Garcia Ester , Mohammadzadeh S. Danial , Mosavi Amir , Shamshirband Shahaboddin
Published: June 2019

Considering citizens' perceptions of their living environment is very helpful in making the right decisions for city planners who intend to build a sustainable society. Mental map analyses are widely used in understanding the level of perception of individuals regarding the surrounding environment. The present study introduces Aram Mental Map Analyzer (AMMA), an open-source program, which allows researchers to use special features and new analytical methods to receive outputs in numerical data and analytical maps with greater accuracy and speed. AMMA performance is contingent upon two principles of accuracy and complexity, the accuracy of the program is measured by Accuracy Placed Landmarks (APL) and General Orientation (GO), which respectively analyses the landmark placement accuracy and the main route mapping accuracy. Also, the complexity section is examined through two analyses Cell Percentage (CP) and General Structure (GS), which calculates the complexity of citizens’ perception of space based on the criteria derived from previous studies. AMMA examines all the dimensions and features of the graphic maps, and its outputs have a wide range of valid and differentiated information, which is tailored to the research and information subject matter that is required.
Ultimate Flexural Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Elements Damaged by Corrosion
Authors: Bossio Antonio , Imperatore Stefania , Kioumarsi Mahdi
Published: June 2019

Worldwide the steel corrosion is one of the greatest deterioration problems for reinforced concrete structures. Comparing some literature experimental results with a complex FEM model, the present paper points out the principal aspects those characterize the static behavior of RC elements damaged by corrosion. Moreover, the non-dimensional abaci defined for some specific case studies finalized to the evaluation of the residual flexural strength of corroded elements highlight the dangerousness of the corrosion degradation if the failure of the element is governed by the steel
On the Main Components of Landscape Evolution Models
Authors: Nones Michael
Published: June 2019

Currently, the use of numerical models for reproducing the landscape evolution of a river basin is part of the day-by-day research activities of fluvial engineers and geomorphologists. However, despite landscape modelling is based on a rather long tradition, and scientists and practitioners are trying to schematize the processes involved in the evolution of a landscape since decades, there is still the need for improving both the knowledge of the physical mechanisms and their numerical coding. The present review focuses on the first aspect, discussing the main components of a landscape evolution model and their more common schematizations, presenting possible open questions to be addressed towards an improvement of the reliability of such kind of models in describing the fluvial geomorphology.
Retrieval of snow properties from the Sentinel-3 Ocean and Land Colour Instrument
Authors: Kokhanovsky Alexander , Lamare Maxim , Danne Olaf , Dumont Marie , Brockmann Carsten , Picard Ghislain , Arnaud Laurtent , Favier Vincent , Jourdain Bruno , Lemeur Emmanuel , Di Mauro Biagio , Aoki Teruo , Niwano Masashi , Rozanov Vladinmir , Korkin Sergey , Kipfstuhl Sepp , Freitag Johannes , Hoerhold Maria , Zuh Alexandra , Vladimirova Diana , Faber Anne-Katrine , Steen-Larsen Hans-Christian , Wahl Sonja , Andresen Jonas , Vandecrux Baptiste , van As Dirk , Mankoff Kenneth , Kern Michael , Zege Eleonora , Box Jason
Published: June 2019

The Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP) architecture facilitates Earth Observation data processing (http://step.esa.int/main/toolboxes/snap/). In this work we present results from a new Snow Processor for SNAP. We also describe physical principles behind the developed snow property retrieval technique based on the analysis of Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) onboard Sentinel-3A/B measurements over clean and polluted snow fields. Using OLCI spectral reflectance measurements in the range 400-1020nm, we derive important snow properties such as spectral and broadband albedo, snow specific surface area, snow extent and grain size on the spatial grid of 300m. The algorithm also incorporates cloud screening and atmospheric correction procedures over snow surfaces. We present validation results using ground measurements from Antarctica, the Greenland ice sheet and the French Alps. We find the spectral albedo retrieved with accuracy of better than 3% on average, making our retrievals sufficient for a variety of applications. Broadband albedo is retrieved with the average accuracy of about 5% over snow. Therefore, the uncertainties of satellite retrievals are close to experimental errors of ground measurements. The retrieved surface grain size shows good agreement with ground observations. Snow specific surface area observations are also consistent with our OLCI retrievals. We present snow albedo and grain size mapping over the inland ice sheet of Greenland for areas including dry snow, melted/melting snow and impurity rich bare ice. The algorithm can be applied to OLCI Sentinel-3 measurements providing an opportunity for creation of long – term snow property records essential for climate monitoring and data assimilation studies - especially in the Arctic region, where we face rapid environmental changes including reduction of snow/ice extent and, therefore, planetary albedo.
Urinary Equol is Associated with Bioavailable Testosterone but not Total Testosterone in Women
Authors: Dong Hong-li , Xiong Feng , Zhong Qing-wei , Li Yi-hong , Liu Meng , Ling Wen-hua , Tang Xin-yi , Chen Yu-ming
Published: June 2019

Little is known about the association between equol and bioavailable testosterone (BT) in adults. We examined the associations of urinary equol concentrations with serum total, bioavailable and free testosterone (FT), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfide (DHEAS), free androgen index (FAI) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations. This cross-sectional study included 1904 women aged 59.7 years. Urinary equol and serum sex hormone concentrations were measured. Overall, urinary equol tended to be inversely associated with bioactive forms of androgenic indices (BT, FT or FAI) but not with total testosterone (TT) or DHEAS. Urinary equol was also positively associated with SHBG. In multi-covariate-adjusted analyses stratified by menopausal status, graded and inverse associations between urinary equol and bioactive forms of androgenic indices (BT, FT and FAI) were observed in postmenopausal women (all p-trends <0.05), but not in premenopausal women. A significant positive association between urinary equol and SHBG was observed only in postmenopausal women. No significant associations were observed between urinary equol and TT or DHEAS in either group. A path analysis indicated that these associations of equol with androgens in postmenopausal women might be mediated by SHBG. Our findings indicated urinary equol exhibited graded and inverse associations with BT or FT but not TT in women.
Designing a Feature Vector for Statistical Texture Analysis of Brain Tumor
Authors: Prithiviraj Kavitha , Prabakaran S
Published: June 2019

This paper presented a feature vector using a different statistical texture analysis of brain tumor from MRI image. The statistical feature texture is computed using GLCM (Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrices) of Brain Nodule structure. For this paper, the brain nodule segmented using strips method to implemented marker watershed image segmentation based on PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) and Fuzzy C-means clustering (FCM). Furthermore, the four angles 0o, 45o, 90o and 135o are calculated the segmented brain image in GLCM. The four angular directions are calculated using texture features are correlation, energy, contrast and homogeneity. The texture analysis is performed a different types of images using past years. So the algorithm proposed statistical texture features are calculated for iterative image segmentation. These results show that MRI image can be implemented in a system of brain cancer detection.
Reconfiguration of the Pattern and Transmission Spectrum in Near Infrared Band by Plasmon Nano-Optical Antenna
Authors: Zhong Dong-zhou , Yang Hua , Zeng Neng , Yang Guang-Ze , Zhou Jun-Long
Published: June 2019

We propose a novel plasmon nano-optical antenna that consists of three vertically superimposed discs with different materials. Two symmetrical nanometer-scale Yagi antenna elements with gold-material are embedded into the surface of the middle disc with silicon dioxide. Based on plasmon theory and Yagi antenna principle, we explore the properties of the far-field radiation and near-field transmission of the antenna in near infrared band. It is found that the pattern of the xoy plane in the antenna can be adjusted in arbitrary direction. The far-field pattern and near-field transmission spectrum can be reconfigured by changing the angle a of the Yagi antenna elements in the middle disc. Moreover, we also discuss the influences of the widths and lengths of the elements on the near-field transmission spectrum when a is fixed at 0 degree.
Acute Presentation of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Due to Ossified Ligamentum Flavum: The Possible Role of Spondylolisthesis
Authors: Perna Fabrizio , Geraci Giuseppe , Mazzotti Antonio , Stefanini Niccolò , Panciera Alessandro , Faldini Cesare
Published: June 2019

Case:

A 64-year-old woman with a history of low back pain, presented with acute gait impairment and lower limbs numbness without any history of trauma. Imaging studies revealed ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) at L4-L5 and concomitant spondylolisthesis. Decompression surgery with en-bloc removal including the laminae, the ossified ligamentum flavum, and the medial facet and posterior stabilization was performed resulting in complete immediate recovery.

Conclusions:

This report is the first to describe a case of an acute nontraumatic presentation of OLF associated with spondylolisthesis. OLF pathogenesis in still unknown, although several factors have been considered. According to the literature, operative treatment has demonstrated to be effective.
Lower Extremity Surgical Treatment to Improve Function in a Patient with Gollop-Wolfgang Complex
Authors: Albright Patrick , Veenstra Joshua , Habeck Jason , Bovid Karen
Published: June 2019

Case:

Gollop-Wolfgang Complex (GWC) includes congenital absence of the tibia with ipsilateral distal femur bifurcation associated with hand/foot ectrodactyly. A 20-month-old male presented with GWC, including left bifid distal femur with ipsilateral tibial hemimelia and absent extensor mechanism, hypoplastic bilateral thumbs, and right foot tarsal-type preaxial polydactyly. Left through-knee amputation preserving growth and contralateral polydactyly reconstruction were performed. Complications of wound infection and dehiscence were successfully treated. Patient is 44 months old and ambulating with left knee disarticulation prosthesis and right supramalleolar orthosis.

Conclusions:

Through-knee amputation and prosthetic fitting provides limb function for GWC patients with tibial hemimelia lacking an extensor mechanism.
Modified Sauve-Kapandji Procedure Using Iliac Bone Graft for Giant Cell Tumor of the Distal Ulna: Stabilizing With Two-Screw Fixation
Authors: Tsai Ting-Chien , Chen Chien-Chin , Huang Hui-Kuang , Wang Jung-Pan
Published: June 2019

Case:

We describe a 33-year-old man who had a giant cell tumor in the ulnar head treated with wide resection and reconstructed using the modified Sauve-Kapandji procedure with an iliac crest bone graft as ulnar support.

Conclusions:

Due to the destructive nature of the tumor and the important role played by the ulnar head in the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ), treatment of the giant cell tumor in the distal ulna is a challenge. The modified Sauve-Kapandji procedure is an effective technique to restore DRUJ function, which is performed as an ulnar support arthroplasty. Using an iliac crest bone graft as ulnar support in reconstruction surgery could be a practical method after the ulnar head has been resected.
Pengaruh Daya Motor Bensin Terhadap Kapasitas Produksi Mesin Pemipil Jagung
Authors: Sari Nasmi Herlina , Nurhasanah Nurhasanah
Published: June 2019

The demand for corn kernels is increasing in developing countries. This study focuses to investigated the effect of power engine on the production capacity of corn sheller machine. The power of engine has been varied i.e 4 HP, 5,5 HP and  8 HP. The methods of this research using by empirisly calculated. The results shows that the maximum production capacity obtained on power engine at 8 HP, 5,5 HP and 4 HP are 14 kg/minutes, 10 kg/min, and 7 kg/min, respectively. The conclusion of this research is the production capacity of corn sheller machine affected by power engine, shaft diameter, pegs length, bearing number and spin sheller.
Pengaruh Flux Elektroda AWS 5.1 E 6013 Dicelup Oli pada Pengelasan Besi Cor Kelabu FC-25 Terhadap Kekuatan Tarik
Authors: Hermanto Aris , Iswanto Iswanto
Published: June 2019

In this study using specimens of gray cast iron Fc-25 (grade 2500). The test specimen is needed there 12 specimens include three test specimen material (base metal), 3 specimen variety of welding electrodes cast CI-A1, 3 specimen variety of welding using welding electrodes AWS 5.1 E6013 without immersion oil, three specimens variation welding using welding electrodes 5.1 AWS E6013 with immersion oil. The results of testing specimens welding electrodes cast CI-A1 in the amount of 16.63 MPa with 0.84% strain and a variety of welding electrode AWS E6013 5.1 with immersion oil also has the highest ultimate tensile strength of welding another variation in the amount of 17.98 MPa with a strain of 0.48% , While the lowest was tensile strength using a variety of welding electrode AWS E6013 5.1 without immersion oil that is 16.28 MPa with a strain of 0.49%.
Deletion of Tet proteins results in quantitative disparities during ESC differentiation partially attributable to alterations in gene expression
Authors: Reimer Michael J , Pulakanti Kirthi , Shi Linzheng , Abel Alex , Liang Mingyu , Malarkannan Subramaniam , Rao Sridhar
Published: June 2019

Background: The Tet protein family (Tet1, Tet2, and Tet3) regulate DNA methylation through conversion of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine which can ultimately result in DNA demethylation and play a critical role during early mammalian development and pluripotency¬. While multiple groups have generated knockouts combining loss of different Tet proteins in murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs), differences in genetic background and approaches has made it difficult to directly compare results and discern the direct mechanism by which Tet proteins regulate the transcriptome. To address this concern, we utilized genomic editing in an isogenic pluripotent background which permitted a quantitative, flow-cytometry based measurement of pluripotency in combination with genome-wide assessment of gene expression and DNA methylation changes. Our ultimate goal was to generate a resource of large-scale datasets to permit hypothesis-generating experiments.
Results: We demonstrate a quantitative disparity in the differentiation ability among Tet protein deletions, with Tet2 single knockout exhibiting the most severe defect, while loss of Tet1 ¬alone or combinations of Tet genes showed a quantitatively intermediate phenotype. Using a combination of transcriptomic and epigenomic approaches we demonstrate an increase in DNA hypermethylation and a divergence of transcriptional profiles in pluripotency among Tet deletions, with loss of Tet2 having the most profound effect in undifferentiated ESCs.
Conclusions: We conclude that loss of Tet2 has the most dramatic effect both on the phenotype of ESCs and the transcriptome compared to other genotypes. While loss of Tet proteins increased DNA hypermethylation, especially in gene promoters, these changes in DNA methylation did not correlate with gene expression changes. Thus, while loss of different Tet proteins alters DNA methylation, this change does not appear to be directly responsible for transcriptome changes. Thus, loss of Tet proteins likely regulates the transcriptome epigenetically both through altering 5mC but also through additional mechanisms. Nonetheless, the transcriptome changes in pluripotent Tet2-/- ESCs compared to wild-type implies that the disparities in differentiation can be partially attributed to baseline alterations in gene expression.
Determination of compound channel apparent shear stress: application of novel data mining models
Authors: Khozani Zohreh Sheikh , Khosravi Khabat , Pham Binh Thai , Kløve Bjørn , Wan Mohtar Wan Hanna Melini , Yaseen Zaher Mundher
Published: June 2019

Momentum exchange in the mixing region between the floodplain and the main channel is an essential hydraulic process, particularly for the estimation of discharge. The current study investigated various data mining models to estimate apparent shear stress in a symmetric compound channel with smooth and rough floodplains. The applied predictive models include random forest (RF), random tree (RT), reduced error pruning tree (REPT), M5P, and the distinguished hybrid bagging-M5P model. The models are constructed based on several correlated physical channel characteristic variables to predict the apparent shear stress. A sensitivity analysis is applied to select the best function tuning parameters for each model. Results showed that input with six variables exhibited the best prediction results for RF model while input with four variables produced the best performance for other models. Based on the optimised input variables for each model, the efficiency of five predictive models discussed here was evaluated. It was found that the M5P and hybrid bagging-M5P models with the coefficient of determination (R2) equal to 0.905 and 0.92, respectively, in the testing stage are superior in estimating apparent shear stress in compound channels than other RF, RT and REPT models.
Formas Alternantes do Presente do Subjuntivo
Authors: Cunha Carla Maria , Alencar Mônica Alves Bezerra
Published: June 2019

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo identificar e analisar o uso corrente de formas verbais em enunciados nos quais a expectativa de uso seria de formas do presente do subjuntivo, mas, efetivamente, acabam sendo produzidas outras formas morfológicas. Tal expectativa baseia-se na distinção dos modos, considerando que o indicativo mostra, em geral, posicionamento de certeza do falante em relação a seu dizer e o modo subjuntivo revela um posicionamento de incerteza. Limitamos nossa análise às formas verbais do indicativo e do subjuntivo no tempo presente. Os dados apresentados são todos registros de fala de indivíduos em situação não monitoradas, ou seja, são fragmentos de conversas espontâneas. Para quem tem uma expectativa de uso, nos enunciados da língua, de formas verbais ora no presente do indicativo, ora no presente do subjuntivo, a escuta de enunciados registrando o presente do indicativo, por exemplo, em substituição ao presente do subjuntivo chama a atenção. A troca, em alguns registros de fala, é respaldada pelo conteúdo semântico do verbo e/ou por formas adverbiais em coocorrência com o verbo no presente do indicativo. Mas não se limita a essas possibilidades.r
Metodologias ativas e tecnologias digitais:
Authors: Ferrarini Rosilei , Saheb Daniele , Torres Patricia Lupion
Published: June 2019

Ao tratar a temática metodologias ativas e tecnologias digitais, objetivou-se discutir seus conceitos, além de descrever a origem e seus elementos constitutivos. O estudo centrou-se na problemática: quais seriam as aproximações e distinções entre o uso de tecnologias digitais e as metodologias ativas? O corpus da pesquisa abordou conceitos sobre metodologias ativas e tecnologias, destacando as digitais na atualidade, além das origens e características das metodologias ativas e suas possíveis relações com o uso de tecnologias digitais, ao que se construiu um quadro síntese para cada metodologia estudada. As metodologias consideradas foram: aprendizagem por projetos, aprendizagem baseada em problemas, estudo de caso, aprendizagem por pares e metodologia da sala de aula invertida. Enquanto pesquisa qualitativa, consistiu em estudo exploratório, tendo por base autores como Hernández (1998), Serra e Vieira (2006), Mazur (1997), Souza e Dourado (2015), Kensky (2012), Moran (2018) e Bergmann e Sams (2018), entre outros. Os resultados apontam para a existência de metodologias ativas nos séculos XIX e XX antes mesmo da criação das tecnologias digitais, por isso, não podem ser confundidas; o uso de tecnologias digitais não implica necessariamente a aplicação de metodologias ativas; e tecnologias digitais potencializam as metodologias, sejam ativas ou não.
A dialética entre a normatização e a interpretação:
Authors: Favero Altair Alberto , Centenaro Junior Bufon
Published: June 2019

O presente ensaio tem por escopo compreender, a partir de Bauman (2001; 2007; 2008; 2010), a autoridade docente na transição da modernidade sólida para a modernidade líquida, ou seja, de uma educação legisladora para uma educação intérprete. O problema que norteará este estudo é o seguinte: quais os desafios emergentes decorrentes da modernidade líquida à autoridade docente? Trabalha-se com a hipótese de que os vários desafios estão numa relação dialética entre a normatização (característica da modernidade sólida) e a interpretação (característica da modernidade líquida). Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica ancorada no método analítico-hermenêutico como percurso de análise. Os resultados do estudo indicam que a autoridade docente, na modernidade líquida, possui suas especificidades e desafios numa dialética entre o ofício de normatizar (oferecer conhecimentos basilares e direcionar um processo formativo) e o de interpretar (compreender as relações cambiáveis, diferenças culturais, novos hábitos).
Educação profissional, dualidade estrutural e neoprodutivismo
Authors: Borges Elisabete Ferreira , Araújo José Carlos Souza
Published: June 2019

Reconstruir a trajetória a respeito da dualidade entre o ensino profissional e o ensino médio no Brasil, no decorrer do período republicano, através do referencial teórico-neoprodutivista, constitui-se o objetivo principal deste artigo. Tal referencial tem, como princípio, a dialética, e inclui, quanto à metódica, dois movimentos interligados: a pesquisa bibliográfica e a documental. A dualidade estrutural do sistema de ensino continua configurando trajetórias e finalidades com padrões diferenciados de ensino para classes sociais distintas. Nesse sentido, há o predomínio do neoprodutivismo como referencial teórico da organização atual do sistema de ensino. O desafio que se coloca, atualmente, é o de reverter essa situação buscando o resgate da dignidade de milhares de seres humanos condenados à marginalidade das conquistas que a humanidade conseguiu através do capital e do desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico.
Accelerated Atherosclerosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Mechanisms and Treatment
Authors: Reiss Allison B. , Silverman Andrew , Khalfan Muhammed , Vernice Nicholas A. , Kasselman Lora J. , Carsons Steven E. , De Leon Joshua
Published: June 2019

Background:

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune inflammatory disorder that increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. There is accumulating evidence that the RA disease state accelerates the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Treatments for RA improve joint symptomatology and may reduce inflammation, but consideration of their effects on the cardiovascular system is generally low priority.

Objective:

Since cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in RA patients, the impact of RA therapies on atherosclerosis is an area in need of attention and the focus of this review.

Results:

The drugs used to treat RA may be analgesics, conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, and/or biologics, including antibodies against the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α. Pain relievers such as nonselective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cyclooxygenase inhibitors may adversely affect lipid metabolism and cyclooxygenase inhibitors have been associated with increased adverse cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Methotrexate, the anchor disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug in RA treatment has multiple atheroprotective advantages and is often combined with other therapies. Biologic inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor-α may be beneficial in preventing cardiovascular disease because tumor necrosis factor-α promotes the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. However, some studies show a worsening of the lipid profile in RA with blockade of this cytokine, leading to higher total cholesterol and triglycerides.

Conclusion:

Greater understanding of the pharmacologic activity of RA treatments on the atherosclerotic process may lead to improved care, addressing both damages to the joints and heart.
Tuberculosis: Current Status, Diagnosis, Treatment and Development of Novel Vaccines
Authors: Yadav Jyoti , Verma Sonali , Chaudhary Darshna , Jaiwal Pawan K. , Jaiwal Ranjana
Published: June 2019

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that mainly affects the lungs and spreads to other organs of the body through the haematogenous route. It is one of the ten major causes of mortality worldwide. India has the highest incidence of new- and multidrug-resistant (MDR) - TB cases in the world. Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is the vaccine commonly available against TB. BCG does offer some protection against serious forms of TB in childhood but its protective effect wanes with age. Many new innovative strategies are being trailed for the development of effective and potent vaccines like mucosal- and epitope-based vaccines, which may replace BCG or boost BCG responses. The use of nanotechnology for diagnosis and treatment of TB is also in the pipeline along with many other vaccines, which are under clinical trials. Further, in-silico models were developed for finding new drug targets and designing drugs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). These models offer the benefit of computational experiments which are easy, inexpensive and give quick results. This review will focus on the available treatments and new approaches to develop potent vaccines for the treatment of TB.
Synthetic Opioid Use and Common Injection-associated Viruses: Expanding the Translational Research Agenda
Authors: Blackard Jason T. , Brown Jennifer L. , Lyons Michael S.
Published: June 2019

The US is in the midst of a major epidemic of opioid addiction and related comorbidities. People with opioid use disorder (OUD) are at significant risk for transmission of several blood-borne pathogens including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Commonly abused opioids and their receptors promote viral replication and virus-mediated pathology. However, most studies demonstrating an adverse effect of drugs of abuse have been conducted in vitro, the specific effects of synthetic opioids on viral replication have been poorly characterized, and the evaluation of opioid-virus interactions in clinically relevant populations is rare. Rigorous characterization of the interactions among synthetic opioids, host cells, and common injection-associated viral infections will require an interdisciplinary research approach and translational studies conducted on humans. Such research promises to improve clinical management paradigms for difficult-to-treat populations, facilitate rational public health policies given severely strained resources, and reveal additional pathways for novel target-specific therapeutic interventions. This mini-review examines the published literature on the effects of opioids on HIV, HBV, and HCV pathogenesis and proposes a series of scientific questions and considerations to establish a translational research agenda focused on opioid-virus interactions.
Docking and 3D-QSAR Studies of Hydrazone and Triazole Derivatives for Selective Inhibition of GRK2 over ROCK2
Authors: Keretsu Seketoulie , Bhujbal Swapnil Pandurang , Cho Seung Joo
Published: June 2019

Introduction:

G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is known to be implicated in
heart failure, and therefore serves as an important drug target. GRK2 belongs to the protein kinase A,
G, and C family and shares high sequence similarity with its closely related protein, the Rhoassociated
coiled-coil protein kinase 2 (ROCK2). Therefore, selective inhibition of GRK2 over
ROCK2 is considered crucial for heart failure therapy.

Objective:

To understand the structural factors for enhancing the inhibitory activity for GRK2 and
selectivity over ROCK2, we analyzed and compared molecular interactions using the same set of
ligands against both receptors.

Methods:

We have performed molecular docking and three-dimensional quantitative structure
activity relationship (3D-QSAR) studies on a series of hydrazone and triazole derivatives.

Results:

The presence of hydrophobic substituents at the triazole ring, electronegative substituents
between the pyridine and triazole ring and hydrophobic substituents near the benzene ring increases
the activity of both kinases. Whereas, having non-bulky substituents near the triazole ring, bulky and
hydrophobic substations at the benzene ring and electronegative and H-bond acceptor substituents at
the triazole ring showed a higher inhibitory preference for GRK2 over ROCK2.

Conclusion:

The outcome of this study may be used in the future development of potent GRK2
inhibitors having ROCK2 selectivity.
Factorial Experimental Design for Optimization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Production
Authors: El-Ghwas Dina E. , Mazeed Tarek E. , El-Waseif Amr , Al-Zahrani Hind A. , Almaghrabi Omar A. , Elazzazy Ahmed M.
Published: June 2019

Background:

Biosynthetic nanomaterials have recently received increasing attention because
they are non-toxic, clean, environmentally acceptable, safe, and biocompatible.

Objective:

In the present study, cell-free culture filtrate of Aspergillus sp. was used for extracellular
synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles.

Method:

Plackett-Burman and Taguchi designs were implemented to optimize conditions for maximum
ZnO nanoparticle production. In the Plackett-Burman design, 15 factors, representing different
carbon and nitrogen sources, were studied. For the Taguchi design, an L-27 (313) standard orthogonal
array was constructed to examine nine factors.

Results:

The maximum yield of ZnO nanoparticles of 21.73 g/L was achieved with 1.0 mM ZnSO4
under optimal conditions of peptone extract (20 g/L), yeast extract (10 g/L), meat extract (10 g/L),
K2HPO4 (0.25 g/L), FeSO4⋅7H2O (0.002 g/L), NaCl (2.5 g/L), pH 6, 32°C, and a 200-mL volume.
The ZnO nanoparticles’ production was confirmed by the formation of white aggregates. The UV
absorption spectrum showed one peak at 376 nm, which also confirmed the formation of nanoparticles.
Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the nanoparticles were large rods of 11.6-43.97
nm diameter, and 355.91 nm length. Importantly, the ZnO nanoparticles exhibited broad antimicrobial
activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and a unicellular fungus.

Conclusion:

The concentrations of ZnSO4 ions, ferrous ions, and peptone and meat extracts, and the
interactions between them, were observed to be the main parameters influencing ZnO nanoparticles’
yield.
Tribology Analysis of Spherical-Surface Contact Sliding Pairs Under Fluctuating Loads
Authors: Yuan Wei , Feng Song , Wang Zhiwen , Guo Qianjian , Yu Jie
Published: June 2019

Background:

Spherical contacting surfaces are often designed to increase the contact surface
area and bearing ability, and frequently suffer fluctuating loading, which will play an important
role in tribological properties.

Objective:

Effects of high-frequency fluctuating loading on friction and wear performance of spherical-
surface contact sliding pairs should be experimentally investigated.

Methods:

Bench tests with the differential gear contacting pairs of heave trucks were conducted under
fluctuating loading generated by the traction force of spring-connecting hanging weights.

Results:

High amplitude of fluctuating loads tends to result in different wear forms such as fatigue
wear, plowing damages, material side flow and plastic deformation. The amplitude of the fluctuating
loads has significant influence on the tribological performance of the spherical-surface contact sliding
pairs and is apt to break the frictional stability of the friction pairs indicated by the variation of the
signal components of friction force signals decomposed by discrete wavelet transform method.

Conclusion:

The high frequency and large amplitude are the main factors of fluctuating loading that
plays very important role in the tribological characteristics of spherical-surface contact sliding pairs.
A Health Education Website Developed to Meet Young People’s Information Needs About Web-Based Pornography and Sharing of Sexually Explicit Imagery (SCOPE): Usability Study
Authors: Davis Angela C , Wright Cassandra J C , Temple-Smith Meredith J , Hellard Margaret E , Lim Megan S C
Published: June 2019

Background

Although we know that many young people watch online pornography and engage in sexting, there is limited literature examining their needs in relation to information on these highly sensitive and complex issues. Online resources exist; however, we can find no evidence of any of them having been formally tested for usability within the target population.

Objective

This study aimed to test the usability of a resource about online pornography and sexting among young people.

Methods

Semistructured interviews were conducted with 17 participants aged 15 to 29 years.

Results

We found that the SCOPE resource was perceived as trustworthy and credible because of its evidence-based content, nonjudgmental tone, and balanced perspectives. Multimedia and video content enhanced the layout and usability of the resource; however, content relevance could be improved by targeting age and developmental stages. Participants identified resource sections such as Real Stories from young people as relevant and engaging. However, they raised issues with the translation of formative research findings relating to these stories into their final presentation.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that young people prefer online resources about complex issues, such as online pornography and sexting, if they are balanced in content and tone. Most importantly, in the context of responding to complex and sensitive issues such as these, co-design methods can ensure that young people are central to the development of resources and avoid gaps in translating research into practice. In the context of limited literature focusing on the usability of online resources about these topics, this paper provides important insights for public health practitioners working in this emerging space.
Nutrition-Related Mobile Apps in the China App Store: Assessment of Functionality and Quality
Authors: Li Yuan , Ding Jingmin , Wang Yishan , Tang Chengyao , Zhang Puhong
Published: June 2019

Background

There are an increasing number of mobile apps that provide dietary guidance to support a healthy lifestyle and disease management. However, the characteristics of these nutrition-related apps are not well analyzed.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the functionality and quality of nutrition-related apps in China.

Methods

Mobile apps providing dietary guidance were screened in the Chinese iOS and Android app stores in November 2017, using stepwise searching criteria. The first screening consisted of extracting information from the app descriptions. Apps that (1) were free, (2) contain information on diet and nutrition, and (3) were last updated after January 1, 2016, were downloaded for further analysis. Nutritional functionalities were determined according to the Chinese Dietary Guidelines framework. Market-related functionalities were developed from previous studies and tailored to downloaded apps. The quality of apps was assessed with the user version of the Mobile App Rating Scale (uMARS).

Results

Out of 628 dietary guidance apps screened, 44 were nutrition-related. Of these, guidance was provided on diet exclusively (11/44, 25%), fitness (17/44, 39%), disease management (11/44, 25%), or maternal health (5/44, 11%). Nutritional functionalities included nutritional information inquiry (40/44, 91%), nutrition education (35/44, 80%), food record (34/44, 77%), diet analysis (34/44, 77%), and personalized recipes (21/44, 48%). Dietary analysis and suggestions mainly focused on energy intake (33/44, 75%) and less on other factors such as dietary structure (10/44, 23%). Social communication functionalities were available in 42 apps (96%), user incentives were supported in 26 apps (59%), and intelligent recognition technology was available in 8 apps (18%). The median score for the quality of the 44 apps, as determined on a 5-point uMARS scale, was 3.6 (interquartile range 0.7).

Conclusions

Most nutrition-related apps are developed for health management rather than for dietary guidance exclusively. Although basic principles of energy balance are used, their nutritional functionality was relatively limited and not individualized. More efforts should be made to develop nutrition-related apps with evidence-based nutritional knowledge, comprehensive and personalized dietary guidance, and innovative technology.
Effects of Digital Device Ownership on Cognitive Decline in a Middle-Aged and Elderly Population: Longitudinal Observational Study
Authors: Jin Yinzi , Jing Mingxia , Ma Xiaochen
Published: June 2019

Background

Cognitive decline is a major risk factor for disability and death and may serve as a precursor of dementia. Digital devices can provide a platform of cognitively stimulating activities which might help to slow cognitive decline during the process of normal aging.

Objective

This longitudinal study aimed to examine the independent protective factors of desktop and cellphone ownership against cognitive decline in mid-life and older adulthood and to examine the combined effect of desktop and cellphone ownership on the same outcome.

Methods

Data was obtained from a China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Studies (CHARLS) cohort made up of 13,457 community-dwelling adults aged 45 years or above in 2011-2012. They were followed for 4 years, with baseline measurements taken as well as 2 two-year follow-up visits. Cognitive function was tested during the baseline test and follow-up visits. A global cognition z-score was calculated based on two domains: word recall and mental intactness. The key independent variables were defined as: whether one had desktops with internet connection at home and whether one had a cellphone. An additional categorical variable of three values was constructed as: 0 (no desktop or cellphone), 1 (desktop or cellphone alone), and 2 (desktop and cellphone both). Mixed-effects regression was adjusted for demographic and health behavior as well as health condition risk factors.

Results

Adjusted for demographic and health behavior as well as health condition risk factors, desktop and cellphone ownership were independently associated with subsequent decreased cognitive decline over the four-year period. Participants without a desktop at home had an adjusted cognitive decline of –0.16 standard deviations (95% CI –0.18 to –0.15), while participants with a desktop at home had an adjusted cognitive decline of –0.10 standard deviations (95% CI –0.14 to –0.07; difference of –0.06 standard deviations; P=.003). A similar pattern of significantly protective association of 0.06 standard deviations (95% CI 0.03-0.10; P<.001) between cellphone ownership and cognitive function was observed over the four-year period. Additionally, a larger longitudinal protective association on cognitive decline was observed among those with both of the digital devices, although the 95% CIs for the coefficients overlapped with those with a single digital device alone.

Conclusions

Findings from this study underscored the importance of digital devices as platforms for cognitively stimulating activities to delay cognitive decline. Future studies focusing on use of digital devices are warranted to investigate their longitudinal protective factors against cognitive decline at mid- and later life.
Market devices and structural dependency: The origins and development of ‘dark pools’
Authors: MacKenzie Donald
Published: June 2019

‘Dark pools’ are private, electronic share-trading systems in which participants cannot see each other's buy and sell orders. This article shows that the development of these material ‘market devices’ was strongly shaped by the structural dependency of their intended clientele (fund-management firms) on the big investment banks, particularly the indirectly monetary mechanism of dependency known in the US as ‘soft dollars’. The article's underlying argument is that (a) the sociological analysis of financial markets requires bringing together the focus on materiality of, for example, actor-network theory with an emphasis on structural advantage such as that found in field theory; and (b) that both actor-network and field theory approaches could be strengthened by a stronger focus on mundane but important monetary mechanisms such as ‘soft dollars’.