bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DNA self-organization controls valence in programmable colloid design
Authors: McMullen Angus , Hilgenfeldt Sascha , Brujic Jasna
Published: November 2021

Significance

Controlling valence is a prerequisite for making materials of arbitrary complexity by design. Previously, solid patchy particles were explicitly engineered to define the valence and geometry of a given assembly. By contrast, this work demonstrates how mobile DNA linkers self-organize at the interface between colloidal droplets into a well-defined number of adhesive patches, that is, valence, to create order on much longer length scales. Our experiments and analytical theory are in excellent agreement, demonstrating that this valence is a thermodynamic equilibrium state, which is tuned by experimental control parameters, such as the number of DNAs, the mechanical properties of DNA, and the patch geometry.
Probing the electronic properties of the electrified silicon/water interface by combining simulations and experiments
Authors: Ye Zifan , Prominski Aleksander , Tian Bozhi , Galli Giulia
Published: November 2021

Significance

Probing electrified interfaces is critical to understanding a myriad of phenomena relevant to transient electronics, photoelectrochemical modulation of biological cells and tissues, and photoelectrocatalysis. However, it remains challenging to devise atomistic models of electrified interfaces that can be used to predict electrochemical processes at the microscopic scale. We present a theoretical study of the hydrogenated silicon/water interface, validated by experiments, and we show that by performing quantum simulations and electronic structure calculations based on first principles one can reliably predict capacitive and Faradaic currents at the electrified interface. Our combined simulation and experimental strategy provide a protocol to understand, at the atomistic level, several properties of Si-based electrochemical or photoelectrochemical devices of interest to transient electronics and biomodulation applications.
A solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency up to 0.26% achieved in ambient conditions
Authors: Ye Yu-Xin , Pan Jinhui , Shen Yong , Shen Minhui , Yan Huijie , He Jian , Yang Xin , Zhu Fang , Xu Jianqiao , He Jianguo , Ouyang Gangfeng
Published: November 2021

Significance

Artificial photosynthesis is a straightforward and environmentally friendly way to convert solar energy into chemical energies. The frequently studied solar-to-chemical conversion (SCC) systems are photocatalytic water splitting and nitrogen fixation. However, special facilities and equipment are always required to ensure efficiency and safety in these two SCC systems. Artificial photosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide is emerging as a promising alternative SCC protocol. Here, we successfully mimic the NADP-mediated photosynthetic processes in green plants by introducing redox moieties as the electron acceptors in the present conjugated polymeric photocatalyst. An unprecedented SCC efficiency is achieved under ambient conditions, which is more than two times higher than the average solar-to-biomass conversion efficiency in nature (0.1%).
Cell division in the shoot apical meristem is a trigger for miR156 decline and vegetative phase transition in
Arabidopsis
Authors: Cheng Ying-Juan , Shang Guan-Dong , Xu Zhou-Geng , Yu Sha , Wu Lian-Yu , Zhai Dong , Tian Shi-Long , Gao Jian , Wang Long , Wang Jia-Wei
Published: November 2021

Significance

Why the developmental transitions of multicellular organisms are unidirectional and how the rate of these transitions is determined are biological mysteries. Earlier reports have shown that both animals and plants utilize microRNA (miRNA) as a timer in regulating their developmental transitions. However, how age temporally regulates the abundance of these miRNAs is poorly understood. In plants, the progressive decline in miR156 triggers the appearance of adult traits. Here, we show that cell division in the apical meristem is a trigger for miR156 decline. The transcriptional decline in
MIR156C
along with cell division in the apical meristem contributes to plant maturation. This simple model explains why the developmental transitions of a plant are unidirectional and inevitable under normal growth conditions.
Covariant origin of the U(1)3 model for Euclidean quantum gravity
Authors: Bakhoda S , Thiemann T
Published: November 2021

If one replaces the constraints of the Ashtekar–Barbero SU(2) gauge theory formulation of Euclidean gravity by their U(1)3 version, one arrives at a consistent model which captures significant structures of its SU(2) version. In particular, it displays a non-trivial realisation of the hypersurface deformation algebra which makes it an interesting testing ground for (Euclidean) quantum gravity as has been emphasised in a recent series of papers due to Varadarajan et al. The simplification from SU(2) to U(1)3 can be performed simply by hand within the Hamiltonian formulation by dropping all non-abelian terms from the Gauss, spatial diffeomorphism, and Hamiltonian constraints respectively. However, one may ask from which Lagrangian formulation this theory descends. For the SU(2) theory it is known that one can choose the Palatini action, Holst action, or (anti-)selfdual action (Euclidean signature) as starting point all leading to equivalent Hamiltonian formulations. In this paper, we systematically analyse this question directly for the U(1)3 theory. Surprisingly, it turns out that the abelian analog of the Palatini or Holst formulation is a consistent but topological theory without propagating degrees of freedom. On the other hand, a twisted abelian analog of the (anti-)selfdual formulation does lead to the desired Hamiltonian formulation. A new aspect of our derivation is that we work with (1) half-density valued tetrads which simplifies the analysis, (2) without the simplicity constraint (which admits one undesired solution that is usually neglected by hand) and (3) without imposing the time gauge from the beginning. As a byproduct, we show that also the non-abelian theory admits a twisted (anti-)selfdual formulation. Finally, we also derive a pure connection formulation of Euclidean GR including a cosmological constant by extending previous work due to Capovilla, Dell, Jacobson, and Peldan which may be an interesting starting point for path integral investigations and displays (Euclidean) GR as a Yang–Mills theory with non-polynomial Lagrangian.
Intense XUV pulses from a compact HHG setup using a single harmonic
Authors: Kretschmar M , Vrakking M J J , Schütte B
Published: November 2021

We report on a compact and spectrally intense extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) source, which is based on high-harmonic generation (HHG) driven by 395 nm pulses. In order to minimize the XUV virtual source size and to maximize the XUV flux, HHG is performed several Rayleigh lengths away from the driving laser focal plane in a high-density gas jet. As a result, a high focused XUV intensity of 5 × 1013 W cm−2 is achieved, using a beamline with a length of only two meters and a modest driving laser pulse energy of 3 mJ. The high XUV intensity is demonstrated by performing a nonlinear ionization experiment in argon, using an XUV spectrum that is dominated by a single harmonic at 22 eV. Ion charge states up to Ar3+ are observed, which requires the absorption of at least four XUV photons. The high XUV intensity and the narrow bandwidth are ideally suited for a variety of applications including photoelectron spectroscopy, the coherent control of resonant transitions and the imaging of nanoscale structures.
A novel improved cubature Kalman filter with adaptive generation of cubature points and weights for target tracking
Authors: Fu Hongpo , Cheng Yongmei , Cheng Cheng
Published: November 2021

In nonlinear state estimation, the generation method of cubature points and weights of the classical cubature Kalman filter (CKF) limits its estimation accuracy. Inspired by this, in this paper, a novel improved CKF with adaptive generation of the cubature points and weights is proposed. Firstly, to improve the accuracy of the classical CKF while considering the calculation efficiency, we introduce a new high-degree cubature rule combining the third-order spherical rule and the sixth-degree radial rule. Next, in the new cubature rule, a novel method that can adaptively generate cubature points and weights based on the distance between the points and center point in the sense of the inner product is designed. We use the cosine similarity to quantify the distance. Then, based on that, a novel high-degree CKF (HCKF) is derived that uses much fewer points than other HCKFs. In the proposed filter, based on the actual dynamic filtering process, the simultaneous adaptive generation of cubature points and weight can make the filter reasonably distribute the cubature points and allocate the corresponding weights, which can obviously improve the approximate accuracy of the one-step state and measurement prediction. Finally, the superior performance of the proposed filter is demonstrated in a benchmark target-tracking model.
A comparative study of two-step anodization with one-step anodization at constant voltage
Authors: Zeng Huipeng , Li Chengyuan , Dan Yuxin , Lu Yishan , Sun Weidong , Zhang Shaoyu , Song Ye
Published: November 2021

Two-step anodization has been widely used because it can produce highly self-organized anodic TiO2 nanotubes, but the differences in morphology and current-time curve of one-step anodization and two-step anodization are rarely reported. Here, one-step anodization and two-step anodization were conducted at different voltages. By comparing the FESEM image of anodic TiO2 nanotubes fabricated by one-step anodization and two-step anodization, it was found that the variation of morphology characteristics is same with voltage. The distinction of morphology and current-time curve between one-step anodization and two-step anodization at the same voltage were analyzed: the nanotube average growth rate and porosity of two-step anodization are greater than that of one-step anodization. In the current-time curve, the duration of stage I and stage II in two-step anodization are significantly shorter than one-step anodization. The traditional field-assisted dissolution theory cannot explain the three stages of the current-time curves and their physics meaning under different voltages in the same fluoride electrolyte. Here, the distinction between one-step anodization and two-step anodization was clarified successfully by the theories of ionic current and electronic current and oxygen bubble mould.
X-ray high frequency pulse emission characteristic and application of CNT cold cathode x-ray source cathode x-ray source
Authors: Lai Sheng , Tang Xiaobin , Liu Yunpeng , Mu Junxu , Feng Zhaopeng , Miao Kai
Published: November 2021

Carbon nanotube (CNT) field-emission x-ray source has great potential in x-ray communication (XCOM) because of its controllable emission and instantaneous response. A novel voltage loading mode was proposed in this work to achieve high-frequency pulse x-ray emission. The characteristics of cathode current and pulse x-ray versus voltage, frequency, and pulse amplitude were studied, and XCOM data transmission experiment was carried out. Results showed that the CNT cold cathode x-ray source, as a communication signal source, could work in 1.05 MHz pulse emission frequency. When the grid voltage was higher than 470 V, the pulse x-ray waveform amplitude achieved peak, and the shape exhibited a pseudo square wave. The duty cycle of the x-ray waveform exceeded 50%, reaching 56% when the pulse frequency reached 1 MHz. In the XCOM data transmission experiment, the pulsed x-ray waveform was well consistent with the loading data signal voltage waveform under different pulse-emission frequencies. This work realized the x-ray high-frequency pulse emission of CNT cold cathode x-ray source and lays a foundation for the development and application of CNT cold cathode x-ray source in XCOM.
Fixed point behavior of cumulants in the three-dimensional Ising universality class
Authors: Pan Xue
Published: November 2021

High-order cumulants and factorial cumulants of conserved charges are suggested for the study of the critical dynamics in heavy-ion collision experiments. In this paper, using the parametric representation of the three-dimensional Ising model which is believed to belong to the same universality class as quantum chromo-dynamics, the temperature dependence of the second- to fourth-order (factorial) cumulants of the order parameter is studied. It is found that the values of the normalized cumulants are independent of the external magnetic field at the critical temperature, which results in a fixed point in the temperature dependence of the normalized cumulants. In finite-size systems simulated using the Monte Carlo method, this fixed point behavior still exists at temperatures near the critical. This fixed point behavior has also appeared in the temperature dependence of normalized factorial cumulants from at least the fourth order. With a mapping from the Ising model to QCD, the fixed point behavior is also found in the energy dependence of the normalized cumulants (or fourth-order factorial cumulants) along different freeze-out curves.
A Study of Magnetized White Dwarf + Helium Star Binary Evolution to Type Ia Supernovae
Authors: Cui Zhe , Li Xiang-Dong
Published: November 2021

The white dwarf (WD) + helium (He) star binary channel plays an important role in the single degenerate scenario for the progenitors of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). Previous studies on the WD + main sequence star evolution have shown that the magnetic fields of WDs may significantly influence their accretion and nuclear burning processes. In this work we focus on the evolution of magnetized WD + He star binaries with detailed stellar evolution and binary population synthesis (BPS) calculations. In the case of magnetized WDs, the magnetic fields may disrupt the inner regions of the accretion disk, funnel the accretion flow onto the polar caps and even confine helium burning within the caps. We find that, for WDs with sufficiently strong magnetic fields, the parameter space of the potential SN Ia progenitor systems shrinks toward shorter orbital periods and lower donor masses compared with that in the non-magnetized WD case. The reason is that the magnetic confinement usually works with relatively high mass transfer rates, which can trigger strong wind mass loss from the WD, thus limiting the He-rich mass accumulation efficiency. The surviving companion stars are likely of low-mass at the moment of the SN explosions, which can be regarded as a possible explanation for the non-detection of surviving companions after the SNe or inside the SN remnants. However, the corresponding birthrate of Galactic SNe Ia in our high-magnetic models is estimated to be ∼(0.08–0.13) × 10−3 yr−1 ( ∼0.17–0.28 × 10−3 yr−1 for the non-magnetic models), significantly lower than the observed Galactic SN Ia birthrate.
Variability assessment of productivity traits and quality of berries in the genetic collection of garden strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) in the Orenburg region
Authors: Aminova E V , Salimova R R , Merezhko O E
Published: November 2021

Nowadays the study of the interrelation of the genotype of strawberry plants in garden and climatic conditions is extremely relevant. Due to the various systems of genetic control and the modifying effects of growing conditions on the manifestation of quantitative traits, there is the need to assess the genotypic variability of economically valuable features, focused on the identification of genotypes characterized by stability and adaptive qualities in growing conditions. The study examined 15 varieties of garden strawberries of domestic and foreign selection. The field experiments and surveys were carried out according to the Program generally accepted in the Russian Federation and methodology for the variety study of fruit, berry and nut crops. We studied such features as the number of peduncles (pcs/bush), number of berries (pcs/bush), average weight of berries (g), total and marketable yield (g/bush), sugar content in berries, soluble solids and ascorbic acid. The purpose of this work was to assess the genotype-year interrelation in terms of the variability of productivity features and berry quality and to identify strawberry varieties with a stable genotype. As a result of two-way analysis of variance for the variety-year interrelation, the obtained values were 1.10-8.50 at standard Fst. - 1.24. Statistically important differences had indicators of productivity of a bush between the first and second clusters (t = 5.89 at p <0.01), the first and third (t = 15.83 at p <0.01), the second and third clusters (t = 8.13 at p <0.01), as well as the average berry weight between the first and third, second and third clusters (t = 15.50 and 6.99 at p <0.01, respectively). Significant differences in the value of the Euclidean distance were revealed for varieties Mishutka (54.5), Daryonka (54.5), Pervoklassnitsa (58) realizing their productivity potential in different years of cultivation.
Effective use of various forms of nitrogen fertilizers in barley cultivation
Authors: Bobrenko IA , Kormin V P , Goman N V , Popova V I , Boldysheva E P
Published: November 2021

The paper aims to assess the use of various forms of nitrogen fertilizers (seedbed dressing and foliar dressing) in barley cultivation in the steppe and forest-steppe zones of the Omsk region. The research objects were barley, nitrogen fertilizers, ordinary steppe chernozem, forest-steppe meadow chernozem. Variety – Sasha. The most agronomic efficiency in the steppe zone, 5.52 kg of grain derived from 1 kg of fertilizer nitrogen, was yielded in response to the use of N30 in the form of ammonium nitrate and urea during sowing. N60 (seedbed dressing + foliar fertilizing) resulted in a reimbursement of 1 kg of fertilizer active agent in the maximum amount of 4.44 kg (ammonium nitrate + urea, ammonium nitrate + UAN). The greatest reimbursement in the forest-steppe zone, 11.11 kg of grain from 1 kg of fertilizer nitrogen, resulted from the use of N30 in the form of ammonium nitrate and UAN during sowing. N60 (seedbed dressing + foliar dressing) resulted in a reimbursement of 1 kg of active agent in the maximum amount of 11.11 kg of barley (ammonium nitrate + urea). The richest harvest of barley was taken in following seedbed dressing and supplementary fertilizing applied together during the growing season in a total dose of 60 kg/ha. In this case, the yield did not reliably depend on the forms of nitrogen fertilizers used; a greater effect resulted from nitrogen fertilizers in the forest-steppe zone.
Adaptation of microclones of blackberries to in vivo conditions
Authors: Titenkov A V , Lushpin M N , Lushpina T N , Kotsareva N V , Kryukov A N
Published: November 2021

The results of studying the effect of mineral fertilizing on rhizogenesis and the development of aboveground organs of regenerant plants of blackberry thornless adaptable to in vivo conditions in the laboratory of selection, vegetable growing and horticulture, cloning “UNITS” Agrotechnopark “of Belgorod State Agrarian University are presented. Regenerated plants of thornless blackberry cultivar Agavam were adapted to in vivo conditions in a peat-perlite mixture with the addition of microelements and growth regulator root 16 days earlier than in the control. An active growth of the aboveground part and roots of regenerated plants of thornless blackberry was noted on the 21st day, in the control - on the 42nd day after the start of adaptation. By the end of the rooting stage on the 24th day, the regenerant plants formed an aerial part of two pairs of leaves 22 mm high and a developed root system - 37 mm. The mineral and hormonal composition of nutrient media for the cultivation of thornless blackberries has been optimized, an effective combination of physical and chemical factors at different stages of micropropagation has been determined, which enhance the proliferation of shoots and roots, and the dependence of the efficiency of adaptation of regenerated plants to in vivo conditions has been established. Along with traditional breeding methods, new opportunities for solving the problem of thorn-free blackberry varieties are provided, along with traditional breeding methods, which make it possible to accelerate the process of obtaining valuable planting material to provide the population and the processing industry with valuable berry products.
Regeneration from leaf explants of steppe cherry (Prunus fruticosa Pall)
Authors: Plaksina T V , Mochalova O V , Borodulina I D
Published: November 2021

The article represents data on morphogenesis from leaf explants of three steppe cherry genotypes, as well as the degree of somaclonal variability at in vitro and ex vitro stages, and in the field. It was revealed that a content of 6-benzylaminopurine, 4.43 μM, in combination with auxin, 0.5–0.6 μM, stimulates in the light the direct organogenesis in the tissues of the leaf base. This reaction was observed from 16.7 to 75.0% of explants, depending on the genotype. An equal 6-benzylaminopurine - auxin ratio (1: 1) led to the callus along with microshoots. Depending on the genotype, up to 30.0% of explants had such a mixed type of organogenesis. The mitotic index value in the apical leaflets differed depending on the day time. At the stage of micropropagation itself, an increase of the mitotic index was observed from 10 to 16 hours; at the stage ex vitro, no significant differences in the mitosis frequency were revealed within this time interval. No significant differences were found between the level of the mitotic index for plants obtained directly from leaves and those from buds. The mitosis passed without disturbances. No phenotypic changes in plant habit, shape and color of leaves were found.
Technical means for disinfection and processing of bedding manure into organic fertilizers
Authors: Guryanov D V , Khmyrov V D , Kudenko V B , Trufanov B S , Guryanova Yu V , Khatuntsev P Yu , Nuzhdova E N
Published: November 2021

Organic waste from agricultural production, bedding manure of cattle, pigs, sheep, horses, chickens and poultry litter when kept in cages are the main components for the production of organic fertilizers and biogas production. Waste of grain, cereal crops and sugar beets should be used as components for reducing moisture during aeration in piles, houses and bioreactors. Fresh organic waste should be stored on the sites in piles, where, before being processed in aeration houses and bioreactors, they must go through a mesophilic period. Fresh organic waste, when introduced into the soil in the first year, negatively affects the growth and development of plants, therefore, it must be disinfected and processed into organic fertilizers and biogas. Currently, the lack of knowledge about the methods of disinfection and processing of agricultural waste requires the development of new technological and technical solutions.
Irradiation influence on the chemical composition and morphological properties of the agricultural products
Authors: Anikieva E N , Astapov A Yu , Anikiev A A , Anikieva E A
Published: November 2021

The article discusses the impact of radiation treatment of agricultural products on their chemical composition, which determines the nutritional value of products, as well as on the main properties of products. The main advantages of agricultural products that have undergone radiation treatment are given, related, inter alia, to an increase in their shelf life, prevention of diseases and insect damage. The world experience of increasing the volume of radiation processing products by type in comparison with the 2010 level is considered. The main criteria for radiation processing of food products and the levels of radiation doses required for absorption by products to achieve certain technological goals are presented. The influence of radiation doses of radiation on proteins, fats, carbohydrates and vitamins in agricultural products is indicated. The influence of radiation exposure on the growth and maturation of some crops is estimated. The possibility of the influence of changes in the structure and composition of irradiated food products on the human body is emphasized. The factors that ensure the profitability of farms that use the practice of radiation processing of agricultural products when supplying them to international markets are also given. The calculations are carried out on a model of a small farm specializing in the cultivation of cucumbers and tomatoes.
Model of integrated resistant variety spring wheat for soil-climatic conditions of the Kurgan region
Authors: Evseev VV , Mikolaychik I N , Morozova L A
Published: November 2021

In the conditions of resource-saving or “zero” soil cultivation, when a mass of plant residues remains on the surface of the field, the phytosanitary situation for many leaf diseases of wheat, the primary infection of which hibernates on straw, as well as root rot, has become extremely aggravated. The complication of the phytosanitary situation, especially concerning septoria and pyrenoforosis, was also facilitated by the predominantly chemical strategy of plant protection. In this situation, the selection of wheat varieties for complex resistance to leading pathogens and unfavorable environmental factors acquires relevance. The introduction of new resistant varieties into the agroecosystem allows for a change in biological diversity, expansion of the ecological niche of antagonists, and the prevalence of the stabilizing type of natural selection in pathogen populations. In this regard, the work aimed to develop a conceptual model (idiotype) of a complex resistant wheat variety to the main pathogens with traits that are responsible for optimizing the relationship of plants with pests. The main objectives of the study were to identify the immunogenetic mechanisms of local spring wheat varieties that reduce the biotic potential of harmful organisms. and restraining the rate of their adaptive population variability; development of a conceptual model of a comprehensively resistant variety and methods for selecting resistant forms of plants. For the first time, an assessment of all immunogenetic barriers can effectively and long-term protect plants from the effects of infectious and non-infectious agents. unfavorable abiotic environmental factors, as well as the analysis of the information available in the scientific literature on the mechanisms and parameters of plant resistance, a conceptual model of a variety of soft spring wheat, was developed for the conditions of the Southern Trans-Urals with resistance to a complex of phytopathogenic fungi and moisture deficit. resistance should be focused primarily on pyramiding a block of resistance genes (polygenes) with the use of appropriate techniques, on the formation of complex resistance to stressors of different childbirth. Such models have no analogs since research in this direction in regional research institutes (Kurgan Research Institute of Agriculture, Chelyabinsk Research Institute of Agriculture, etc.) has not previously been carried out.
Assessment of the decorative qualities of species of the genus Pinus L. in the conditions of the European part of Russia
Authors: Simakhin M V , Tazina S V , Kryuchkova V A , Tazin I I
Published: November 2021

The paper presents the results of a study of the decorativeness of pines, which are actively grown on the territory of the European part of Russia. Decorativeness is based on the visual perception of plant habitus. The state of the habitus depends on the genotype and adaptive characteristics in certain growing conditions. The study examined 25 decorative features of 56 species. 24 traits were related to vegetative and generative organs. 1 trait was assessed by the method of weight taxonomy as an indicator of originality of all species for 24 traits. Studies have shown that the total score on a 100-point scale of decorativeness in the studied pines varies from 40 in Pinus heldreichii Chirst and Pinus waschoensis Mason & Stockwell to 68 in Pinus patula Schltdl. & Cham. The research results can be applied when choosing species for cultivation on landscaping objects to increase their aesthetic appeal.
Qualitative composition of purebred and crossbred lamb fat
Authors: Gagloev A G , Negreeva A N , Sugareva T E
Published: November 2021

The physical and chemical properties and structure of lamb fat are derived from the qualitative composition and content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Higher levels of saturated fatty acid in sheep fat increase the melting point and yield a solid lard. Characteristic fat deposition in the carcass of young sheep is closely related to meat productivity and nutritional value of mutton. The paper presents the results to prove the influence of the genotype of purebred Tsigai rams and their crosses from the Romanov, Texel and Edilbay rams. Crossbred young animals of all genotypes are proved to have an increased content of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The amount of lipids in intramuscular fat in crossbred Romanov rams is 1.68% more, Texel – 13.97% and Edilbay – 21.79%, while the cholesterol content is lower by 1.47%, 6.35% and 5.21%, respectively.
Prospects for the use of fruit enhancers in bakery technology for healthy diet
Authors: Bryksina K V , Perfilova O V , Popova E I
Published: November 2021

Bread is a useful biological product that remains high in the human diet and contains a large amount of substances necessary for the human. A rational way to expand the range of functional bakery products is to integrate natural plant-based ingredients into the formulation, which will increase the nutritional value of products, improve their sensory and physicochemical characteristics, create a group of new varieties, boost production, advance the quality of raw materials with low properties and save the critical and accessory raw materials. The paper discusses the effect of fruit enhancers on the physical and chemical properties of dough and finished bakery products. The paper proposes optimal dosages of fruit powders.
Quality of technological limestone quality as an important aspect of the efficiency of sugar beet factories
Authors: Egorova M I , Puzanova L N , Nikolaeva E S
Published: November 2021

The authors studied 252 samples of limestone mined in 2014-2020 on the territory of 5 fields located in 2 regions of the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation. Limestone quality was assessed by the content of calcium carbonate and associated impurities. According to the results of the assessment, a number of deposits were formed in decreasing limestone quality. The highest quality was noted at the East-Bernikovskoe deposit (Tula region), containing on average 95.3% of calcium carbonate. Through the example of 10 beet sugar factories located in 5 regions of the Central Federal District, the influence of the quality of limestone on its consumption in sugar production was assessed. The authors studied the data on the consumption of limestone of the considered deposits at sugar beet factories, which was used in the period from 2014 to 2020. According to the results, a number of deposits were determined to increase the consumption of limestone in the production of sugar, which coincided with a number in terms of decreasing quality. A lower consumption of limestone was noted at beet sugar factories that used limestone from the East-Bernikovskoe (in average 3.81% during the studied period). Therefore, the choice of limestone of a certain deposit for the use in sugar production is a factor in enhancement of operating efficiency of beet sugar factories.
The optimization of table beet cultivation by using a boron-containing chelate
Authors: Shilova O V , Smirnova T I , Akimov A A
Published: November 2021

In the field experiment, the possibility of optimizing the cultivation of table beet Beta vulgaris L. using a borate complex based on ethylenediamine disuccinic acid (B-EDDS) was investigated. Before sowing, beet seeds were soaked for a day in a solution of this compound, as well as in solutions of boric acid and a borate complex based on ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (B-EDTA), taken for comparison, with a concentration of solutes of 1.5·10-3 mol/L. During the growing season, the plants were sprayed twice with experimental solutions at a rate of 100 ml/m2. In the first decade of August, the content of photosynthetic pigments in plant leaves and microbial carbon in the soil was determined, after harvesting, sugars and betanin in root crops were determined by spectrophotometric methods. The boron content in beet root crops was analyzed by the fluorometric method. According to the results of the two-year experiment, all three boron-containing compounds, to varying degrees, had a positive effect on the experimental plant. In decreasing efficiency, they can be arranged in a row: B-EDDS > H3BO3> B-EDTA. Treatment with the solution of borate-ethylenediamine disuccinate complex increased the boron content in root crops by 65% in comparison with treatment with boric acid. In comparison with the control variant, the sugar content in root crops increased by 37%, the content of betanin increased by 25% and the yield of root crops increased by 39%. At the same time, the mass of microbial carbon in the soil increased by 20%, which serves as one of the arguments confirming the ecological safety of the compound under study. Judging by the results of the experiment, borate-ethylenediamine disuccinate has good prospects for use as boron micronutrient fertilizer.
Food product quality and safety control based on HACCP principles
Authors: Zakharova L M , Gorbunchikova M S
Published: November 2021

The quality and safety of the resulting food product depend on many factors, including action coordination at all stages of the production process. A high level of control makes it possible to ensure it. In this sense, the HACCP system is the most suitable quality control system. The paper considers the possibility of the HACCP principles’ application to the technological process of bakery product production from wheat flour in the conditions of the Kemerovo Bread Factory. Then the authors present the possible risk analysis, identify critical points of the technological process, establish critical limits for each of the points, and define a monitoring system.
North American species of Solidago as ornamental plants and a source of promising raw plant materials
Authors: Shelepova V , Tkacheva E V , Vinogradova Yu K
Published: November 2021

A review of the role of ornamental horticulture as a vector of phytoinvasions is presented on the example of North American species of Solidago: S. canadensis L., S. gigantea Ait and S. graminifolia (L.) Salisb. The first two species were originally cultivated as ornamental plants. With changes in environmental conditions, their range expanded to the north and east of the Eurasian continent, and the lag phase lasted 100-150 years. At the end of the XX century, their secondary range covered all the Eurasian regions, they were transformed into invasive plants and were listed in the Top 100 most threatened and aggressive species that are introduced into natural phytocoenosis and pose a threat to the environment. The secondary range of S. graminifolia is represented by several scattered localities, its lag phase ends, this species is recognized as invasive only in Poland. It has now become evident that alien species can be used as new resource plants. The study of secondary metabolites composition of species of Solidago makes possible the disbursement of a wide range of flavonoids, triterpene saponins, organic acids, and various terpene compounds in their composition. The authors believe that a detailed study of the phytochemical properties and many other widespread invasive species is required in order to identify new plant resources.
Parameter optimization in satellite-based measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution
Authors: Dong Qin , Huang Guoqi , Cui Wei , Jiao Rongzhen
Published: November 2021

The satellite-based measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution can promote the realization of quantum communication networks. Under the condition of the limited data set, it is necessary to optimize all parameters. For communication networks, real-time prediction and optimization are also indispensable. With the development of machine learning, cross-combination with machine learning has also become the mainstream of parameter optimization in various disciplines. This paper discusses the asymmetric MDI-QKD based on the satellite in the case of statistical fluctuations, and uses the local search algorithm to achieve full parameter optimization under the condition of considering the probability of sending the signal. Compared with fixed related parameters, the key rate is increased by an order of magnitude. On this basis, random forest is used to predict the high-precision optimal parameters, thereby eliminating the simulation and iteration required by the search method to meet the real-time optimization of the future QKD network.
Performance of weld bead profile during A-TIG welding on nitrogen alloyed stainless steel
Authors: Deep Akash , Singh Vivek , Ashutosh Som , Chandrasekaran M , Patel Dixit
Published: November 2021

Austenitic stainless steel (ASS) is widely fabricated by tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding for aesthetic look and superior mechanical properties while compared to other arc welding process. Hitherto, the limitation of this process is low depth of penetration and less productivity. To overcome this problem activated tungsten inert gas (A-TIG) welding process is employed as an alternative. In this investigation the welding performance of conventional TIG welding is compared with A-TIG process using TiO2and SiO2flux with respect to weld bead geometry. The experimental investigation on A-TIG welding of ASS-201 grade shows TiO2flux helps in achieve higher penetration as compared to SiO2flux. While welding with SiO2the hardness in HAZ and weld region higher than that of TIG welding process.
Revisiting the Relationship Between Deception and Design: A Replication and Extension of Hancock et al. (2004)
Authors: Markowitz David M
Published: November 2021

Evidence published nearly 20 years ago suggested people tell more lies per social interaction via synchronous, distributed, and recordless media (the phone) versus relatively richer (face-to-face communication) and leaner media (email, instant messaging). With nontrivial changes to the size and variety of our media landscape, it is worth re-examining the relationship between deception and technology. Over 7 days, 250 participants reported their social interactions and lies across face-to-face communication, social media, texting, the phone, video chat, and email. Replicating Hancock, Thom-Santelli, and Ritchie (2004), people told the most lies per social interaction over synchronous, distributed, and recordless media (the phone, video chat), though the effects were small and between-person effects explained more variance than between-media effects. Lying rates were also associated with aversive personality traits, plus antisocial, and relational deception motives. Together, while media options have evolved, technological design features often remain stable and indicate deception rates. Theoretical contributions are discussed.
Towards a calibrated trust-based approach to the use of facial recognition technology
Authors: Chan Gary K Y
Published: November 2021

The use of facial recognition technology has given rise to much debate relating to issues concerning privacy infringements, bias and inaccuracies of data and outputs, possibilities of covert use, the lack of data security and the problem of function creep. Certain states and jurisdictions have called for bans and moratoria on the use of facial recognition technology. This article argues that a blanket ban on facial recognition technology would be overly precautionary without fully considering the wide range of uses and benefits of the innovation. To promote its acceptance, trust in facial recognition technology should be developed in a calibrated fashion taking into account the relative risks and benefits, risk mitigation measures and safeguards based on legal and ethical considerations. This article recommends some guidelines for a calibrated trust-based approach.
Increased microbial phytase increased phytate destruction, plasma inositol, and feed efficiency of weanling pigs, but reduced dietary calcium and phosphorus did not affect gastric pH or fecal score and reduced growth performance and bone ash
Authors: Lagos L Vanessa , Bedford Mike R , Stein Hans H
Published: November 2021

An experiment was conducted to test two hypotheses: 1) reducing dietary Ca and P reduces gastric pH and diarrhea in weanling pigs; 2) negative effects of low Ca and P on pig growth performance may be overcome if phytase is added to the diets. A total of 320 weanling pigs (6.35 ± 0.87 kg) were allotted to eight corn-soybean meal-based diets in a randomized complete block design with five pigs per pen. Two phase 1 (days 1 to 14) control diets containing 100 or 50% of total Ca and digestible P relative to the requirement, and six diets in which 500, 2,000, or 16,000 units of phytase/kg feed (FTU) were added to each control diet were formulated. Phytase was assumed to release 0.16% total Ca and 0.11% digestible P. Common diets were fed in phases 2 (days 15 to 27) and 3 (days 28 to 42). Growth performance data were recorded within each phase. Data for fecal scores and gastrointestinal pH were recorded for phase 1. Colon content (day 14), the right femur (days 14 and 42), and blood samples (days −1, 14, 27, and 42) were collected from one pig per pen. In phase 1, reducing Ca and P did not reduce gastric pH or fecal score, but pigs fed the 50% diets had reduced (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) compared with pigs fed the 100% diets. In both 50% and 100% diets, phytase above 500 FTU increased (P < 0.05) gain:feed ratio (G:F) and tended (P < 0.10) to reduce gastric pH of pigs. From days 1 to 42, pigs fed the 50% diets tended (P < 0.10) to have reduced ADG and ADFI compared with pigs fed the 100% diets, but among the 100% diets, pigs tended (P < 0.10) to have a linear increase in G:F as phytase level increased. Pigs fed the 50% diets had reduced (P < 0.05) concentrations of inositol phosphate esters (IP) in the colon and reduced bone ash (days 14 and 42) compared with pigs fed the 100% diets. Phytase did not affect bone ash or most blood metabolites. Concentrations of IP in the colon decreased, whereas plasma inositol increased (d 14; P < 0.05) in pigs fed diets with phytase (≥ 500 FTU). In pigs fed the 100% diets, IP in the colon linearly decreased (P < 0.05), but plasma inositol linearly increased (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of phytase. In conclusion, reducing Ca and P in diets for weanling pigs did not influence gastric pH or fecal score, but compromised growth performance and bone ash. However, regardless of dietary Ca and P, high doses of phytase increased phytate degradation and inositol absorption, which consequently increased G:F of pigs.
Compensation and its Limits: Can Trade’s Losers be Made Whole?
Authors: Kolben Kevin
Published: November 2021

Free trade and global economic integration has been under pressure from populist political movements across the globe. Many of the critiques of trade relate to the losses, both economic and non-economic, that trade’s losers suffer. Many economists and trade lawyers consider the case for free trade to be unassailable and rely on the compensation principle to argue that trade is welfare maximizing if trade’s losers could be compensated such that each is as least as well off as they were before. As a corollary, they will argue that the losers of trade should be compensated for their losses through, for example, direct payments, wage insurance, job retraining, or other supports. It is further assumed that such compensation will boost support for liberal trade policy. This article argues, however, that compensation is conceptually and practically limited in its ability to in fact make trade’s losers whole and is a poor tool to build support for free trade and address the plight of trade’s losers. Instead, it is suggested that broadly targeted non-trade specific programs are preferable, as well as perhaps a reconsideration of the purpose of safeguard measures such that they may be explicitly applied in order to mitigate political opposition to trade rather than only when industries are under threat.
Identifying Novel Causes of Cancers to Enhance Cancer Prevention: New Strategies Are Needed
Authors: Brennan Paul , Davey-Smith George
Published: November 2021

The burden of cancer from a clinical, societal, and economic viewpoint continues to increase in all parts of the world, along with much debate regarding how to confront this. Projected increases in cancer indicate a 50% increase in the number of cases over the next 2 decades, with the greatest proportional increase in low- and medium-income settings. In contrast to the historic high cancer burden due to viral and bacterial infections in these regions, future increases are expected to be due to cancers linked to westernization including breast, colorectum, lung, and prostate cancer. Identifying the reasons underlying these increases will be paramount to informing prevention efforts. Evidence from epidemiological and laboratory studies conducted in high-income countries over the last 70 years has led to the conclusion that approximately 40% of the cancer burden is explained by known risk factors—the 2 most important being tobacco and obesity in that order—raising the question of what is driving the rest of the cancer burden. International cancer statistics continue to show that approximately 80% of the cancer burden in high-income countries could be preventable in principle, implying that there are important environmental or lifestyle risk factors for cancer that have not yet been discovered. Emerging genomic evidence from population and experimental studies points to an important role for nonmutagenic promoters in driving cancer incidence rates. New research strategies and infrastructures that combine population-based and laboratory research at a global level are required to break this deadlock.
Radio and X-ray observations of giant pulses from XTE J1810 − 197
Authors: Caleb M , Rajwade K , Desvignes G , Stappers B W , Lyne A G , Weltevrede P , Kramer M , Levin L , Surnis M
Published: November 2021

We present the results of two years of radio and X-ray monitoring of the magnetar XTE J1810 − 197 since the radio re-activation in late 2018. Single pulse analysis of radio observations from the Lovell and MkII telescopes at 1564 MHz and the Effelsberg telescope at 6 GHz has resulted in the detection of a total of 91 giant pulses (GPs) between MJDs 58858 and 59117. These GPs appear to be confined to two specific phase ranges (0.473 ≤ ϕ ≤ 0.502 and 0.541 ≤ ϕ ≤ 0.567). We also observe that the first detection of GP emission corresponds to a minimum in the spin-down rate. Simultaneous radio and X-ray observations were performed on MJDs 59009 and 59096. The 0.5–10 keV X-ray spectrum from NICER is well characterized by a two-component blackbody model that can be interpreted as two hot spots on the polar cap of the neutron star. The blackbody temperature decreases with time, consistent with the previous outburst, while the change in the pulsed fraction does not follow the same trend as was seen in the previous outburst. The radio and X-ray flux of XTE J1810 − 197 are correlated during the initial phase of the outburst (MJD 58450 – MJD 58550) and an increase in the radio flux is observed later that may be correlated to the onset of GPs. We argue that the disparity in the evolution of the current outburst compared to the previous one can be attributed to a change in geometry of the neutron star.