bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Turkish University Libraries on the Centenary of the Republic
Authors: Bayır Didar
Published: September 2024

Turkey celebrated the Centenary of the Republic in 2023. Within the scope of this article, the development and changes that Turkish university libraries have undergone in this century-long adventure will be conveyed under the main topics that we consider prominent and important. Under each, the general situation in Turkish university libraries will be explained with examples; and the article will finish with a brief evaluation and suggestions for the future by considering trends that emerge because of studies conducted on a global scale and changes in social, economic, political, and technological fields which contribute to the transformation of libraries.
A Portrayal of French University Libraries 1989–2024
Authors: Grandet Odile
Published: September 2024

The evolution of French university libraries since 1989 has been marked by the construction of library buildings and the training of librarians in the languages and rules of architects. Starting from the beginning of the 21st century, university reforms have reshaped the landscape of university libraries, aligning them with societal changes and emphasising a greater focus on user services. This paper looks at all aspects of university libraries, from training to research.*
Sememe richness: a supplementary indicator of lexical richness in Chinese second-language writing
Authors: Zhao Ming
Published: September 2024

This article uses the vocabulary measurement indicators of lexical diversity, lexical sophistication, lexical density, and lexical accuracy for second-language writing levels to systematically measure the lexical richness of essays written by Chinese as a second language (CSL) learners. It employs the methodology of building a corpus based on the collected compositions for data analysis. It shows that the Uber index of lexical diversity and the lexical density of CSL learners does not always show a positive correlation with increased test scores. Lexical sophistication usually positively correlates with test scores, but the growth trend tends to be flat from the 81–90 score range. Lexical accuracy below 80 points is positively correlated with writing scores; however, the data above 91 points is slightly lower than that of 81–90 points. This article further hypothesizes that the above measurement indicators fail to accurately measure CSL students’ Chinese lexical ability because those indicators do not include the sememe factors of Chinese words and thus rely too much on word form. This article further puts forward the specific manifestations (polysemes, homographs, and multi-category words) of sememe richness and proposes specific solutions to add sememe richness to the four original formulas through the use of the four above-mentioned measurement indicators in CSL.
多元文化交互语境下汉语二语语块的创造性特征及认知机制
Authors: 杨 庞 , 静 高
Published: September 2024

提要

语块在二语学习中具有关键作用, 通过学习和掌握常用的语块, 学习者可以避免过度依赖单词和短语的机械组合, 从而提高语言表达的流畅度。 然而, 当前的汉语二语习得研究主要着眼于母语和目的语语言系统之间的比较, 分析学习者在语音、字词和语法等方面的理解和产出偏误, 却未能深入研究多元文化互动因素对汉语二语语块的影响。 本研究分析了《非正式会谈》这一档电视节目中真实的多元文化互动, 其中包含来自12个国家的参与者使用汉语进行的自发性讨论。 基于社会认知语用学模型 (Socio-cognitive Approach to Pragmatics, 简称: SCA), 尤其是 Kecskes (Kecskes, Istvan. 2019. English as a lingua franca: The pragmatic perspective. Cambridge University Press, Kecskes, Istvan (ed.). 2022. The Cambridge handbook of intercultural pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) 提出的蓄意创造 (deliberate creativity) 和涌现共识 (emergent common ground) 等理论, 研究发现, 来自不同社会文化背景的会话参与者通过近似、省略、增字、颠倒和组合等方式构建创造性汉语二语语块, 这些语块具有可理解性、语义透明性和临场涌现性特征。 在多元文化互动情境下, 会话双方通常采取不同的会话交际策略 (如重复和修正), 以确保语块意义的成功理解和构建。 本研究还借助对话范畴模型 (Dialogic Categorization Model, 简称: DCM), 深入分析创造性汉语二语语块的认知机制。 研究发现, 非本族语者借助认知语用能力, 如概念范畴化和图示范畴化等, 在多元文化交互情境中成功地构建了创造性语块的含义。 过程中, 会话双方通过在线合作与协商及动态意义构建, 调整了原有的认知框架, 促使逐步推理和涌现共识的构建。
Fe78Si9B13/MnO2 composite: a magnetic and efficient Fenton-like catalyst in degradation of methyl orange under activation of H2O2
Authors: Ma Guofeng , Jin Jiaoyang , Dong Yuting , Zhang Hongling , Sun Yuan , Wang Shiyang , Yang Yanhong
Published: September 2024

A magnetic and efficient Fe78Si9B13/MnO2 composite was successfully fabricated by a facile hydrothermal method. This composite was employed as a Fenton-like catalyst for the degradation of methyl orange (MO) under activation of H2O2. The phase and morphology of the composite were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The experimental results reveal that the theoretical mass loading of Fe78Si9B13/MnO2 composite and H2O2 dosage have a significant effect on MO degradation. Fe78Si9B13/MnO2 composite effectively improved MO oxidation ability and could quickly decolorize the MO to 99.7 %. Decolorization efficiency increased with increasing H2O2 concentration from 0 % to 1.15 %. Additionally, a possible reaction mechanism of the coupling system was proposed.
Das Medium barbarisieren
Authors: Vernillo Daniele
Published: September 2024

This article analyses the peculiar writing processes of Tomer Gardi in his novel Broken German as a broken mediality. Through the interaction of theoretical tools proper to Media Studies with perspectives of so-called Betroffenheitsliteratur and postcolonial theory, I claim that the novel can be seen as example of how the affection (Betroffenheit) of migrants facing discrimination due to their broken language can be not only picked out as a central theme of postmigrant narrations, but also performed through the medium itself. Here, through its own body, language actually becomes capable of performing what it is talking about. My reasoning starts from Dewey’s reflections on the role of medium in the aesthetic experience, from the concepts of Automedialität and Mikropolitik der Betroffenheit, as theorized by Jörg Dünne, Christian Moser and Andrea Seier, researching how individual and collective subjectivities are constituted through their cultural, linguistic and medial genealogies, in the wake of theorists like Foucault, Deleuze, Derrida, Butler and Spivak.I argue that Gardi’s case shows that the dynamic constitution of the writing subject always implicates a radical and violent transformation of the medium, in a process of mutual breaking and becoming-each-other.
Streetscapes and memories of real socialist anti-fascism in south-eastern Europe: between dystopianism and utopianism
Authors: Mirocha Piotr
Published: September 2024

Historical revisionism towards the Yugoslavian experience of real socialism is gaining ground in Croatia and Slovenia, as exemplified, for example, by the 2017 renaming of Zagreb’s Marshal Tito Square and similar cases in Šibenik or Karlovac, as well as parallel developments in Ljubljana. However, the spaces that once represented the Yugoslavian workers’ movement and the anti-fascist struggle can be also subject to nostalgic practices termed Titostalgia. This study employs an analysis inspired by a discourse-historical approach to scrutinize the arguments used in naming controversies in nine Croatian and Slovenian localities from 2011 to 2022. The investigation of semiotic landscapes draws from extensive fieldwork, including photographic documentation consisting of 1,658 images. Dystopian interpretations of Yugoslavia’s past turn out to be propagated through top–down discourses, circulating in media outlets and endorsed by local authorities through infrastructural signage. These discourses are typically initiated by civil society actors aligned with right and far right politics. Besides mild media opposition, which mainly invokes anti-fascist values, smaller urban centres exhibit passive resistance or inertia towards the renaming, observable in grassroots signage. Conversely, capital cities emerge as hubs of intense expressive and predominantly progressive ideological semiotic practices within the renamed spaces.
Wozu communiter? Theoretische Überlegungen zum Gemeinsinn im modernen Olympischen Sport
Authors: Arenz Tobias , Jaitner David
Published: September 2024

Dieser Text nimmt die Erweiterung des Olympischen Mottos zu „citius, altius, fortius – communiter“ zum Anlass, nach der Bedeutung von Gemeinsinn (lat. sensus communis) im Olympischen Sport zu fragen. Unter Bezugnahme auf eine gesellschaftstheoretische Perspektive argumentieren wir, dass der Gemeinsinn die Fähigkeit des Olympischen Sports bezeichnet, sein normatives Grundprinzip – das Fair Play – zum Thema zu machen. Die Akte der Reflektion haben ihren Ausgangspunkt häufig in individuellen Klagen über unfaire Verhältnisse und fordern dazu auf, traditionelle Verständnisse von Fair Play zu überprüfen. Unter Bezugnahme auf die Athletes‘ Rights and Responsibilities Declaration aus dem Jahr 2018 zeigen wir, dass solche Reflektionen zum einen die inhaltliche Bestimmung von Fair Play im Sinne eines ‚sauberen‘ Sports betreffen. Zum anderen gibt es eine formale Seite, die den individuellen Anspruch auf eine faire Behandlung gegenüber der Verpflichtung, andere fair zu behandeln, priorisiert. Theoretische Überlegungen zum Gemeinsinn im Olympischen Sport haben diese beiden Dimensionen gleichermaßen zu berücksichtigen.
Gewerkschaften und Streiks aus einer ökonomisch-spieltheoretischen Perspektive
Authors: Amann Erwin
Published: September 2024

Strikes can sometimes place a significant burden on affected third parties, particularly when they last for a long time, cannot be planned and affect many people or companies. This raises the question of the extent to which the effective conduct of strikes is necessary to enforce fair collective agreements or whether they could be avoided. The following discussion addresses this question from a game theoretic perspective.
TECHNO-FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF CHICKPEA PROTEIN ISOLATE-TREATED ACIDIC AND BASIC PH-CYCLING
Authors: Karabulut Gülşah
Published: September 2024

This study examined the impact of extreme pH-cycling treatments on chickpea protein isolate (CPI). Untreated CPI, along with samples shifted to pH 2 (pH2) and pH 12 (pH12), displayed solubilities of 60.25%, 25.01%, and 75.48%, respectively. Both treatments significantly improved water and oil absorption capacities. Emulsion activity and stability for CPI at pH2 and pH12 were 125 m2/g and 110 m2/g, respectively, versus 75 m2/g for the untreated sample. Notably, the foaming capacity and stability of pH12-treated CPI increased by 3.5 and 8.8 times, respectively, compared to the untreated protein. pH12-treated CPI also demonstrated the lowest gelling concentration at 10%, compared to 14% and 18% for untreated and pH2-treated CPI, respectively. Microstructural analysis revealed partial disintegration of CPI under pH-cycling, underscoring that alkaline pH12-shifting notably enhances functional properties of CPI.
Evaluación técnica, financiera y ambiental de la higienización alcalina del lodo de aguas residuales ordinarias para su transformación en biosólido
Authors: Centeno Mora Erick , Calderón Mejía Ronald
Published: September 2024

[Introduction]: The search for techniques and methods for managing sludge generated during wastewater treatment is necessary to ensure a sustainable sanitation in the medium term in Costa Rica. An interesting approach involves converting sludge into a biosolid usable in agriculture through alkaline sanitization. [Objective]: This article evaluated the efficacy and economic and environmental viability of this technique for obtaining an agriculturally usable type A biosolid from municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) sludge. [Methodology]: To this end, the efficacy in reducing microbiological parameters was experimentally tested at the laboratory scale using quicklime, for anaerobic and aerobic WWTP sludge. The experimental results fed a benefit/cost analysis model and a life cycle assessment. [Results]: It was confirmed that the application of a 40% lime dose allowed the obtention of a type A biosolid with non-detectable concentrations of pathogenic microorganisms, which remained in that condition for more than 30 days. Additionally, the benefit/cost and life cycle analyses concluded that this option would be more attractive than sludge disposal in a landfill, due to the corresponding savings in chemical compounds (fertilizers, agricultural lime). [Conclusions]: Therefore, alkaline sanitization can be considered suitable for WWTP sludge management in Costa Rica. Its application on a larger scale should be further investigated.
ALGORITHM FOR FINDING OPTIMAL VALUES OF PARAMETERS OF SINGULAR POINT DETECTORS FROM LOCAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE IMAGE
Authors: ЛИХАЧЕВ А.В.
Published: September 2024

Предложен метод, позволяющий определять оптимальные значения параметров детекторов особых точек p по локальным характеристикам изображения µ. Метод основан на процедуре поиска экстремума аналитической зависимости δ = P (p, µ), где δ - критерий эффективности детектора, определяемый как взвешенная сумма ошибок первого и второго рода. Зависимость P (p, µ) интерполирует набор δ(pi, µj), получаемый по выборке из множества однотипных изображений. Выполнен эксперимент с 40 рентгенограммами нижней части позвоночника человека, которые обрабатывались детекторами Харриса - Стефенса и SUSAN. Получено, что при выборе настраиваемых параметров детектора предложенным методом критерий δ оказался существенно ниже, чем для значений этих параметров на границах рекомендуемых интервалов.

A method is proposed that allows determining the optimal values of the parameters p of the detectors of singular points from the local characteristics of the image µ. The method is based on the procedure for finding the extremum of the analytical dependence δ = P(p, µ), where δ is the criterion of detector efficiency, defined as the weighted sum of errors of the first and second kind. The dependence P(p, µ) interpolates a set δ(pi, µj) obtained from a sample chosen from a set of similar images. An experiment is performed with 40 radiographs of the lower part of the human spine, which are processed by the Harris-Stephens and SUSAN detectors. It is found that, when choosing the configurable detector parameters by the proposed method, the criterion δ turns out to be significantly lower than that for the values of these parameters at the boundaries of the recommended intervals.
INVESTIGATION OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF MODEL PETROLEUM RAW MATERIALS UNDER CRACKING CONDITIONS OVER A REGENERATED SPENT HYDROTREATMENT CATALYST
Authors: DOKUCHAEV I. S. , MAXIMOV N. M. , TYSHCHENKO V. A.
Published: September 2024

The physicochemical properties and catalytic activity of regenerated spent aluminium-cobalt-molybdenum hydrotreatment catalyst have been investigated under cracking conditions in the model systems n-dodecane - toluene and decalin - toluene - n-hexane. A series of experiments to study the catalytic activity of the sample was carried out using a flow-type laboratory installation within the temperature range 430-470 °C, nitrogen pressure 1.6 MPa, liquid hourly space velocity 0.5-3.0 h-1. The directions of transformation were determined for paraffin and naphthenic hydrocarbons by means of gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. Paraffin hydrocarbons enter into cracking, isomerisation and compaction reactions. Naphthenic hydrocarbons are transformed into the products of isomerisation, dehydrogenation and compaction. Predominant dehydrogenation of decalin with the formation of naphthalene and hydrogen is observed in the system under investigation. A positive role of hydrogen in thermodestructive processing of heavy oil residues is observed due to the hydrogenation of nonlinear olefin hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbon intermediates, which decreases the rate of coke formation. The corresponding reaction rate constants were calculated, and the results were analysed. Conclusions are drawn about the prospects of introducing a regenerated spent hydrotreatment catalyst into the procedure of thermodestructive processing of heavy oil residues.
SYNTHESIS AND INVESTIGATION OF SOME PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF NANOSTRUCTURED CO-PT SYSTEM
Authors: ZAKHAROV N. S. , TIKHONOVA I. N. , POPOVA A. N. , ZAKHAROV YU. A. , PUGACHEV V. M. , DODONOV V. G.
Published: September 2024

The phase compositions and particle morphology of nanostructured Co-Pt system, obtained by the reduction of aqueous solutions of precursors with hydrazine hydrate, have been studied (for the first time in the Pt-rich region) by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (coupled with electron diffraction (ED)), thermogravimetry, small-angle X-ray scattering analysis (SAXS) and elemental analysis of the samples. As determined by XRD, with Co content less than approximately 60 at%, the only phase is determined: the face-centred cubic (fcc) phase of the solid solution of Co in Pt, with the upper limit of Co solubility in Pt equal to 18±1 at%. For Co content in the solid solution higher than its solubility limit during the synthesis, diffraction-undetectable phase (phases) is also formed in addition to the fcc solid solution phase. The presence of such phases was confirmed by the results of SAXS, and their metal nature, rather than oxide-hydroxide one, was confirmed by XRD, ED, and thermal analysis.
OPTIMISATION OF CATALYTIC REFORMING TECHNOLOGY TO OBTAIN AI-100-K5 GASOLINE
Authors: KOVALEVA E.B. , DYACHKOVA S.G. , GANINA A.A. , ARTEMYEVA ZH.N. , KUZORA I.E. , HERSHPIGEL T.N. , KOVALENKO M.V.
Published: September 2024

Technological parameters for reforming process are chosen and optimised through an increase in temperature at the reactor inlet and increased selection of benzene-containing fraction during catalysate fractionation, which made it possible to obtain the fraction (100-200 °C), a heavy reformate of the required quality in terms of octane number - 99.5/89.5 (determined by the research/motor method, respectively), and use it as a high-octane component in the production of AI-100-K5 gasoline. Relying on the data of mathematical modelling, requirements to minimise energy consumption, and the standards for the content of aromatic hydrocarbons in commercial motor gasoline, it was proposed to increase the feedstock temperature by 1 °C at the inlet to the reformer unit reactors. A formalised scheme of hydrocarbon transformations in the reforming feedstock that occurs with an increase in process temperature is proposed, which explains the qualitative and quantitative changes in the fractional composition of the catalysate. It has been established that an increase in the extraction of benzene-containing fraction makes it possible to reduce the yield of light reformate, increase the octane number, and reduce the mass fraction of benzene to 1.5 wt% in heavy reformate. Using the Aspen PIMS programme software package, the optimal composition of AI-100-K5 gasoline was modelled, including light straight-run naphtha isomerisate, C4 hydrocarbon fraction raffinate, high-octane gasoline component (alkylate), methyl tert-butyl ether and heavy reformate obtained under the conditions of optimized scheme. The quality of the manufactured pilot batch (MPB) of fuel fully meets the requirements of TR TS 013/2011, STO 44905015-005-2017 and the standards established for the performance properties of AI-100-K5 gasoline, determined by qualification methods and engine-bench tests. The manufactured MPB of motor gasoline AI-100-K5 exhibits improved operational and environmental characteristics, since sulphur content is reduced to 8.0 mg/kg, benzene content to 0.38 vol%, and the volume fraction of aromatic and olefin hydrocarbons to 28.6 and 4.2 vol%, respectively. As a result of motor-bench tests, it is established that AI-100-K5 gasoline has a reduced tendency to form deposits on intake valves and soot in the engine combustion chamber.
On neutron generator applications in Brazil: current panorama and perspectives
Authors: Dos Santos Filho José Alípio , Fonseca E. S. , Dias C. M. , Salata C. , Santini E. S. , De Sousa Lacerda Marco Aurélio
Published: September 2024

Techniques based on neutron beams are used in research, industry and medicine being especially suitable for the characterization of a wide variety of materials. Neutron radiation can be produced using nuclear reactors, isotopic sources, or particle accelerators. Since the number of reactors is in decline and isotopic sources are expensive and difficult to handle, neutron generator (NG) technology has experienced significant development. Neutron generators are safer than nuclear reactors and isotopic sources, and the use of NGs is increasing worldwide, including in Brazil. This article reviews the main applications of neutron radiation, neutron production techniques, and specifically the technologies used in neutron generators. An overview of the utilization of these techniques in Brazil is presented, along with studies on acquisition and start-up costs of neutron-generating equipment and perspectives for future utilization in various areas.
METOVITAN INCREASES THE RESISTANCE OF THE BODY TO HYPOXIA
Authors:   Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Parkhomenko Yu.M.
Published: September 2024

Aim. To study the efficacy of the vitamin preparation Metovitan and multivitamin preparation Decamevit in preventing the development of oxidative stress in the development of oxidative stress in rat tissues and their survival under hypoxic hypoxia. Methods. Experiments were performed on Wistar rats, 160-220 g. A model of hypoxic hypoxia was induced by lifting the rats in a barocamp to a conditional altitude of 11 thousand meters above sea level (pressure 190 mm Hg). Tissue metabolite concentrations and enzyme activities were measured using conventional biochemical methods. Results. The results of the study showed that the positive effect of Metovitan, which contained methionine and vitamins E, B1, and B3, on many indicators, including the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes, was significantly higher than the effect of Decamevit, which contained the same components plus vitamins A, B2, B6, B9, B12, vitamin C, and the bioflavonoid rutin. The survival time of rats treated with Metovitan before the experiment was one and a half times longer than that of Decamevit. Conclusion. A preparation containing a limited amount of vitamins acting synergistically on narrow links of cellular metabolism was more effective in preventing oxidative stress than a conventional multivitamin preparation.
Optoelectronics and the SPQEO journal
Authors:   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics NAS Ukraine 41 prospect Nauky, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine, Smertenko P. , Pekur D. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics NAS Ukraine 41 prospect Nauky, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine, Sorokin V. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics NAS Ukraine 41 prospect Nauky, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine, Maksimenko Z. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics NAS Ukraine 41 prospect Nauky, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: September 2024

This article touches on the main trends in the development of optoelectronics, its fundamentals and possible applications, and gives a general overview of the research results in this field published by SPQEO over the past decade. We will emphasize the relationship between the development of optoelectronics and the sixth technological wave related to nano-, bio-, information and cognitive technologies. For convenience, we will conditionally divide the discussion into the optoelectronics fields of photonics, terahertz and infrared electronics, and photovoltaics, etc. This paper is devoted to one of these areas of optoelectronics, namely LEDs and their applications in LED lighting systems, which use in “smart” home and city projects opens up new opportunities for creating adaptive lighting environments that can be adjusted to the needs of users.
Anisotropic magnetoresistance of GaMnAs:Be
Authors:   National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, 4th University str., 100174 Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Parchinskiy P.B. , Gazizulina A.S. ,   National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, 4th University str., 100174 Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Nasirov A.A. ,   National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, 4th University str., 100174 Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Yuldashev Sh.U. ,   National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, 4th University str., 100174 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Published: September 2024

The effect of co-doping with Be on the magnetic anisotropy in Ga0.972Mn0.028As epitaxial layers has been studied by magnetoresistance measurements. Co-doping with Be has been shown to lead to reorientation of both easy and hard magnetic axes in GaMnAs. Measurements of the temperature dependence of the anisotropic magnetoresistance demonstrate no changes in the type of the magnetic anisotropy with the increase in temperature. The results of the study of the anisotropic magnetoresistance indicate that the parameters of the magnetic anisotropy in GaMnAs are significantly influenced by the magnitude of the compressive strain.
Theoretical Review of The Nature and the Possibilities of Inclusive Catholic Education in Lithuania
Authors: Voidogaitė Viktorija
Published: September 2024

Aim. The aim of this theoretical review is to identify the possibilities of inclusive education in a Catholic school. The review seeks to describe the ways in which such schools have already chosen to engage or not engage in compulsory inclusive education in Lithuania. It also seeks to highlight the Catholic Church's teaching on inclusion of vulnerable groups.
Methods. Analysis and synthesis of scientific literature. Analysis and synthesis of Catholic Church documents.
Results. The analysis and synthesis of the scientific literature revealed that Catholic educational institutions in Lithuania implement one of the following three ways of contact with inclusion: a) full inclusion, b) gradual involvement in the state strategy of inclusion, c) segregation of pupils at the time of admission to the school. The analysis and synthesis of Catholic Church documents has shown that the Church's teaching on the inclusion of vulnerable groups unequivocally invites, encourages and even insists that schools become open to all children and their needs.
Conclusions. The very nature of the Church community is inherently inclusive and has no room for discrimination; on the contrary, its weakest members should be the most lovingly protected. The development of Catholic education is bound up not only with the creators of specific educational paradigms, but also with the changes in general education in a particular context. Although concrete practices are gradually changing and showing good trends towards inclusiveness, some schools retain a strong elitist character and tend to offer aid as a form of charitable action outside the formal schooling.
History of Educational Migration in Georgia: From Ancient Times to the Soviet Period
Authors: Shelia Mzia , Tukhashvili Mirian
Published: September 2024

Aim. The problem of “brain drain” is currently very relevant for Georgia. It is a fact that, despite the country’s low economic development, the number of people wishing to obtain higher education abroad has grown rapidly. This process often leads to permanent migration thus reducing the intellectual and labour potential of the country. Our goal was to find out whether this event also took place in Georgia in the historical past and how our ancestors managed it.
Methods. The present work is based on historical documents, some of which were found by the author in the personal archives of Georgian scientists.
Results. The research has revealed that educational migration is not new to Georgia. For thousands of years it has been both organised and unorganised in nature. It has been established that still in early 1900s, educational migration was studied in Georgia under the leadership of Prof. Ivane Javakhishvili. This allowed us to identify the geographical area and professional interests of those who went to study abroad.
Conclusion. It was also established that against the backdrop of incessant wars that continued for hundreds of years, educational migration has contributed to the preservation of a more or less stable regime of social and cultural development of the country.
Learning Outcomes of Psychomotor Domains in Welding Technology: VR Welding Kit Assessment: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Arifin Ardian , Seth Nur Hazirah Noh , Zainuddin Norziha Megat Mohd. , Norehan Haron Habibah
Published: September 2024

Aim. This systematic literature review aims to analyse existing studies that have investigated the impact of VR welding kits on the development of psychomotor skills, knowledge acquisition, and overall learning experience. By synthesising findings from a variety of sources, this review seeks to provide insight into the strengths, limitations, and potential areas for further research in this domain.
Method. This systematic literature review involved an extensive search of electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and IEEE Xplore to identify relevant studies that focused on the impact of VR welding kits on psychomotor skills development and knowledge acquisition.
Result. Findings from a systematic literature review reveal a range of results related to the impact of VR welding kits on psychomotor skills development and knowledge acquisition. Most of the research highlights the positive effects of utilising VR technology in welding education. VR welding kits were invented to improve learners’ psychomotor skills by providing a realistic and interactive simulation environment.
Conclusion. Ongoing research in this domain will be critical to refining and integrating VR welding technology into welding education and practice, ultimately positioning the industry for a future that improves productivity, safety, and competitiveness.
Cognitive Value. Allowing students to practice and refine welding techniques in a safe and controlled setting, ultimately leading to increased proficiency and confidence in practical applications. The insights gained from this review have significant implications for educators, training programs, and the welding industry.
Predictive Model of Risk Behaviour in the University Student Community
Authors: Wylęgły Kamila
Published: September 2024

Aim. The study aimed to attempt to explain the probable causality of undertaken risk behaviours in a group of university students, from the perspective of various predictors (which included low individual and social resources, as well as other risk behaviours). The choice of predictors was dictated, among other things, by the assumptions of risk behaviour theory and gateway theory. 
Methods. The research was conducted among university students from many cities in Poland. Empirical data were collected using the survey method. The tool was a survey questionnaire, constructed from the author's scale and the Resilience Scale by Gail Wagnild in the Polish adaptation by Janusz Surzykiewicz and Karol Konaszewski (2019). The data were statistically analysed. The target procedure became path analysis.
Results. The study revealed several plausible predictive factors for specific risk behaviours of students. Analyses included behavioural categories such as the use of psychoactive substances and behaviour associated with them, risky sexual contact, low physical and psychosocial health care, dangerous behaviour in daily life, and disclosure of images and private data on the Internet. Each form of risky behaviour was situated in the model. The predictive factors in the path structure were identified as, among others, low social and cultural resources and low levels of resilience. It also appeared that some risk behaviours may be predictors for others.
Conclusion. The study reveals that not only syndromes of risk behaviours, but even entire risk pathways creating the possibility to infer probable causality, are noticeable in the group of university students.
Modeling and Assessment of Soil Fertility Level
Authors: Dzhabborov Nozim I. , Mishanov Aleksey P. , Dobrinov Aleksandr V. , Savelev Anatoliy P.
Published: September 2024

Introduction. The relevance of the study is related to the problem of increasing soil fertility. The value of soil as the main means of agricultural production in a specific economic infrastructure is determined by its fertility that is its ability to satisfy the needs of specific plants for nutrients, water, and to provide the root system of plants with air and heat. The effectiveness of increasing soil fertility depends on objective soil assessments and forecasting. Therefore, mathematical modeling for the fertility level of soils for the agricultural production is an urgent task for agroengineering studies.Aim of the Study. The study is aimed at developing a mathematical model for an integrated assessment of soil fertility levels.Materials and Methods. When conducting the study, analytical methods were used and the results obtained by various authors on this problem were summarized. The object of the study was the published results of scientific researches by the authors from other scientific institutions obtained on the problem under consideration.Results. Based on an analysis of the literature references, there was made a scientifically-based list of the most significant indicators for assessing soil fertility, which includes the content of organic matter (humus), acidity, humidity, soil porosity, presence of microorganisms and clay particles, content of mobile forms of nitrogen, phosphorus and exchangeable potassium. A mathematical model has been developed based on the criterion of maximum soil fertility, which makes it possible to assess the level of soil fertility using the proposed indicators.Discussion and Conclusion. The examples of calculations based on average and basic values of indicators with the use of the proposed mathematical model are presented. They give an idea of the most typical procedures for generating indicators and assessing the process under consideration. The value of the fertility probabilistic coefficient 1 indicates soil depletion (degradation), which will not ensure an economically sound harvest. In this case, measures must be taken to increase soil fertility. When 1, the soil is fertile and is able to supply plants with nutrients, water and air for their growth and development. The soil fertility level is an important criterion for assessing the impact of agricultural technologies on environmental safety and the environment state.
Flow Structure and Periodic Processes in a Disc-Shaped Vortex Chamber of a Hydrodynamic Cavitator
Authors: Ivanov Evgeniy G. , Vorotnikov Igor L. , Pasin Alexander V. , Sedov Alexander V. , Oshurkov Maksim V.
Published: September 2024

Introduction. The essence of the acoustic – cavitation processes is that the liquid is passed through sound with a pressure at the wave surface of more than 3 bar that causes local breaks of the liquid in the vacuum phase of the wave and the collapse in the manometric phase. The opposite walls of each cavern in the collapse approach at a speed exceeding two speed of sound, due to which a high energy density is achieved at the meeting point, and what is especially valuable is the mutual transitions of energies from one form to another, unattainable under normal conditions, and, moreover, as inside cavitation area and near it. The novelty of the work is confirmed by the results of a periodic information and patent analysis, and by four patents received for inventions on the topic under consideration.Aim of the Study. The study is aimed at improving the acoustic-cavitation qualities of a disk-shaped vortex chamber used as a liquid whistle.Materials and Methods. In the study, there were used numerical modeling of flows in the FlowVision program, experimental determination of flow rates using a pitot tube, film method, removal of frequency response using SpectraPLUS 5.0, and visualization of flows and processes on optically transparent devices by the method of color indicators in stroboscopic lighting high-speed video shooting.Results. The mechanism of sound generation and noise in the flow transiting through the device has been found. The corrective effect of pump pulsations f = 300 Hz on the sound generation mechanism was revealed. The disc-shaped character of the device, which encloses the input flow in cross section from three directions, contributes to creating a more expressive acoustic signal, forming two conjugate torus vortices along the shell that ensures uniformity of the circumferential flow, attenuation of longitudinal high-frequency oscillations f = 200 kHz, and the creation of periodic zones of increased pressure along the shell. The concentrated tangential entrance to the device determines the central asymmetry of the flows in it and a number of processes that create acoustic noise.Discussion and Conclusion. The frequency of the useful acoustic signal in the vortex chamber is proportional to the speed of the transit flow, and the amplitude is proportional to the dimensions of the device. Along with the useful signal created by the interaction of the peripheral and input parts of the transit flow, noise of similar frequencies is created in the device. Other sources of noise generation are due to the presence of a concentrated tangential input. The formation of two conjugate torus vortices along the shell can be used as a means of controlling the process of interaction between parts of the transit flow. The disc-shaped vortex chamber combines the functions of sound generation and the ability to create a centrifugal field, which expands its technological capabilities.
Critical Parameters of the Athermal Electroplastic Effect in Metallic Materials
Authors: Stolyarov Vladimir V.
Published: September 2024

Introduction. Plastic deformation and electric current, acting separately, usually have opposite effects on the deformation behavior and flow stresses in electrically conductive materials. In the case of the combined action of plastic deformation and applied electric current, the result is not pre predictable. The study of the synergistic effect of deformation and electric current can be used for metal forming.Aim of the Study. The study is aimed at demonstrating the existence of impulse current threshold parameters at which the athermal electroplastic effect manifests itself in various materials.Materials and Methods. Tensile tests were performed at various current modes, which exclude the increased contribution of the thermal effect to the reduction of flow stresses – current density and duty cycle. The fractographic features of the fracture surface were studied using raster scanning microscopy. There were found the threshold values of current parameters at which stress jumps associated with the electroplastic effect occur.Results. The influence of the density and duty cycle of the impulse current on the manifestation of the electroplastic effect is shown. Both parameters have threshold values, above which the electroplastic effect becomes observable (at density j jкр ) or athermal (at duty cycle Q Qкр). All types of tension are accompanied by a viscous fracture and void formation, which is most intensively formed, when current is injected.Discussion and Conclusion. In alloys with low electrical resistance, the threshold impulse current density corresponding to the occurrence of the electroplastic effect is higher than in alloys with high electrical resistance. Increasing the duty cycle of the impulse current reduces the temperature of the deformed sample that allows considering the electroplastic effect as athermal.
Thermal Energy Resource Potentials of the Kara-Bogaz-Gol Gulf as a “Solar Pond”
Authors: Penjiyev Ahmet M. , Orazov Parahat O.
Published: September 2024

Introduction. The use of environmentally-friendly engineering systems including solar energy technologies makes it possible to reduce energy costs and therefore to lower production costs and anthropogenic stress on the environment.Aim of the Study. The authors used innovative techniques to assess the thermal resource potential of solar radiation, to analyze the salt deposits of the Kara-Bogaz-Gol Gulf as thermal accumulators for the development, introduction and use of solar thermal technologies and to justify the technical and economic feasibility of their use in engineering systems in the Kara-Bogaz-Gol Gulf (Caspian region).Meterials and Methods. The study design is based on systematic theoretical calculations of the gross, technical, economic and ecological potentials of solar radiation taking into account environmental conditions. For calculating there were used the methods of mathematical modeling of heat and mass transfer processes in active solar energy systems when converting solar energy into thermal energy in the salty reservoir of the Kara-Bogaz-Gol Gulf as a “solar pond”.Results. There have been assessed the solar energy characteristics for the introduction of various engineering storage systems and technologies. There have been determined the results of energy storage on the reservoir salt surface during the day: in winter – 1 009.0 W/m2 per day, in summer – 1 574.7 W/m2 per day. It has been proven that the potential of solar energy conversion into thermal energy varies from 40 to 70% depending on the season. Aaccording to theoretical calculations, the solar pond efficiency in winter is 11.4% and in summer – 14.6%. In summer, there was measured the average temperature on the salt surface of the reservoir bottom, it ranges from 55.04 to 79.8 ºC, in winter from 20.0 to 25.6 ºC.Discussion and Conclusion. The results obtained can be used for strengthening energy security, developing energy systems and producing autonomous thermal power devices based on solar energy that will reduce the energy consumption of fossil fuels and improve the environmental situation in the region. The materials of the article can be used in preparing design estimates and feasibility study for developing various solar energy systems and technologies in the Caspian region.
Micro-Bending Effect on the Field and Energy of Weakly Guiding Optical Fiber with a Gradient Profile in Single-Mode Regime
Authors: Gladkikh Vyacheslav A. , Vlasenko Victor D.
Published: September 2024

Introduction. Optical fibers are widely used for high-bandwidth transmitting communication signals over long distances. The key feature enabling this performance is signal low attenuation, that is signals experience minimal power loss propagating along the optical fiber. One of the factors influencing power loss during information transmission is the fiber bending. Bending can increase the signal transmission power loss of an optical fiber because of both macrobending and microbending. Studying the dependence of signal power losses when bending on waveguide parameters makes it possible to control the signal power losses of an optical fiber during information transmission.Aim of the Study. The study ia aimed at evaluating the effect of microbending on the field and energy of a weakly guiding optical fiber with a gradient refractive index profile in a single-mode regime.Materials and Methods. From the equations for the fields of straight and curved sections of weakly guiding fiber for an arbitrary gradient profile of the refractive index with the help of the subsequent solution of inhomogeneous Helmholtz equations by the Green’s function method, there were obtained expressions for relative energy: the ratio of the field energy of the fiber curved section to the field energy of the fiber straight section (in the first approximation for a single-mode regime).Results. The obtained expression for the relative energy depends on two parameters: the waveguide parameter and the ratio of the optical fiber radius to the radius of curvature. For the quadratic case of a power-law profile, as the closest to the actually used one, numerical calculations were used to construct the dependences of the relative energy on the parameter characterizing the bending for different values of the waveguideparameter.Discussion and Conclusion. It has been shown that in the case of microbending, the longer the wavelength or the smaller the fiber radius, the lower the losses. The results obtained can be used in calculating optical fiber profiles designed to operate in a bent state and eliminate expensive experimental modeling of light guides and in designing waveguides to solve specific applications, in particular, to increase energy efficiency, reliability and performance of the measuring instruments.
Using Ontology to Analyze English Comments on Social Networks
Authors: Viet Hung Nguyen , Tan Nguyen , Thi Thuy Nga Nguyen , Huyen Trang Le Thi , Thuy Hang Tran Thi
Published: September 2024

Chatbots have become interesting for many users as technology becomes more and more advanced. The need for information exchange among people through computer systems is increasing daily, raising the preference for using chatbots in most countries. Since Vietnam is such a developing country with a variety of ethnic groups, it requires much attention to the proliferation of social networks and the expansion of the cooperative economy. Regarding social networks, the inappropriate use of words in everyday life has become a significant issue. There are mixed reviews of praise and criticism on social networks; and we try to reduce the negative language use and improve the quality of using social networks language. We aim to meet users’ needs on social networks, promote economic development, and address social issues more effectively. To achieve these goals, in this paper we propose a deep learning technique using ontology knowledge mining to collect and process comments on social networks. This approach aims to enhance the user experience and facilitate the exchange of information among people by mining opinions in comments. Experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms the conventional approach.
Modeling sandbar effects on nearshore waves and morphological change using SWAN
Authors:   ,   Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Murman Charles E. ,   Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Published: September 2024

Numerical model simulations (Delft3D SWAN) are used to examine the impact of small alongshore variations in the bathymetry of an outer sandbar (in about 5-m water depth) on the nearshore wave field as the shallow (< 3 m) bathymetry changes from near alongshore uniform to strongly spatially variable to understand wave driven morphologic evolution. Waves were observed at Duck, NC with an array of 14 pressure gages between 1- and 3-m water depth spread over 250 meters alongshore. Bathymetry was measured between the dune toe and about 8-m water depth on September 26 and October 2, 2013. The bathymetry evolved from roughly alongshore uniform on September 26 to strongly alongshore variable on October 2. Between these dates incident significant wave heights ranged from 0.5 meters to 2.3 meters, with incident angles from 20 degrees north to 5 degrees south of shore normal. Simulations were run with observed bathymetry for both the outer bar and inner shallow bathymetry, with smoothed outer bar and observed shallow bathymetry, and with digital elevation model bathymetry to determine the effects of outer bar and shallow bathymetry on wave evolution.