bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interactions Between Tumor Biology and Targeted Nanoplatforms for Imaging Applications
Authors: Azizi Mehdi , Dianat‐Moghadam Hassan , Salehi Roya , Farshbaf Masoud , Iyengar Disha , Sau Samaresh , Iyer Arun K. , Valizadeh Hadi , Mehrmohammadi Mohammad , Hamblin Michael R.
Published: March 2020

Although considerable efforts have been conducted to diagnose, improve, and treat cancer in the past few decades, existing therapeutic options are insufficient, as mortality and morbidity rates remain high. Perhaps the best hope for substantial improvement lies in early detection. Recent advances in nanotechnology are expected to increase the current understanding of tumor biology, and will allow nanomaterials to be used for targeting and imaging both in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Owing to their intrinsic physicochemical characteristics, nanostructures (NSs) are valuable tools that have received much attention in nanoimaging. Consequently, rationally designed NSs have been successfully employed in cancer imaging for targeting cancer‐specific or cancer‐associated molecules and pathways. This review categorizes imaging and targeting approaches according to cancer type, and also highlights some new safe approaches involving membrane‐coated nanoparticles, tumor cell‐derived extracellular vesicles, circulating tumor cells, cell‐free DNAs, and cancer stem cells in the hope of developing more precise targeting and multifunctional nanotechnology‐based imaging probes in the future.
Suppressing Voltage Fading of Li‐Rich Oxide Cathode via Building a Well‐Protected and Partially‐Protonated Surface by Polyacrylic Acid Binder for Cycle‐Stable Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Jingsong , Li Peng , Zhong Faping , Feng Xiangming , Chen Weihua , Ai Xinping , Yang Hanxi , Xia Dingguo , Cao Yuliang
Published: March 2020

Li‐rich manganese based oxides (LRMOs) are considered an attractive high‐capacity cathode for advanced Li‐ion batteries; however, their poor cyclability and gradual voltage fading have hindered their practical applications. Herein, an efficient and facile strategy is proposed to stabilize the lattice structure of LRMOs by surface modification of polyacrylic acid (PAA). The PAA‐coated LRMO electrode exhibits only 104 mV of the voltage fading after 100 cycles and 88% capacity retention over 500 cycles. The structural stability is attributed to the carboxyl groups in PAA chains reacting with oxygen species on the surface of LRMO to form a uniform and tightly coated film, which significantly suppresses the dissolution of transition metal elements from the cathode materials into the electrolyte. Importantly, a H+/Li+ exchange reaction takes place between the LRMO and PAA, generating a proton‐doped surface layer. Density functional theory calculations and experimental evidence demonstrates that the H+ ions in the surface lattice efficiently inhibit the migration of transition metal ions, leading to a stabilized lattice structure. This surface modification approach may provide a new route to building a stable Li‐rich oxide cathode with high capacity retention and low voltage fading for practical Li‐ion battery applications.
Whole‐genome sequencing reveals complex chromosome rearrangement disrupting NIPBL in infant with Cornelia de Lange syndrome
Authors: Plesser Duvdevani Morasha , Pettersson Maria , Eisfeldt Jesper , Avraham Ortal , Dagan Judith , Frumkin Ayala , Lupski James R. , Lindstrand Anna , Harel Tamar
Published: March 2020

Clinical laboratory diagnostic evaluation of the genomes of children with suspected genetic disorders, including chromosomal microarray and exome sequencing, cannot detect copy number neutral genomic rearrangements such as inversions, balanced translocations, and complex chromosomal rearrangements (CCRs). We describe an infant with a clinical diagnosis of Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) in whom chromosome analysis revealed a de novo complex balanced translocation, 46,XY,t(5;7;6)(q11.2;q32;q13)dn. Subsequent molecular characterization by whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) identified 23 breakpoints, delineating segments derived from four chromosomes (5;6;7;21) in ancestral or inverted orientation. One of the breakpoints disrupted a known CdLS gene, NIPBL. Further investigation revealed paternal origin of the CCR allele, clustering of the breakpoint junctions, and molecular repair signatures suggestive of a single catastrophic event. Notably, very short DNA segments (25 and 41 bp) were included in the reassembled chromosomes, lending additional support that the DNA repair machinery can detect and repair such segments. Interestingly, there was an independent paternally derived miniscule complex rearrangement, possibly predisposing to subsequent genomic instability. In conclusion, we report a CCR causing a monogenic Mendelian disorder, urging WGS analysis of similar unsolved cases with suspected Mendelian disorders. Breakpoint analysis allowed for identification of the underlying molecular diagnosis and implicated chromoanagenesis in CCR formation.
Skeletal morphology of the lesula (Cercopithecus lomamiensis) and the evolution of guenon locomotor behavior
Authors: Arenson Julia L. , Sargis Eric J. , Hart John A. , Hart Terese B. , Detwiler Kate M. , Gilbert Christopher C.
Published: March 2020

Objectives

The guenons (tribe Cercopithecini) are a diverse and primarily arboreal radiation of Old World monkeys from Africa. However, preliminary behavioral observations of the lesula (Cercopithecus lomamiensis), a little‐known guenon species described in 2012, report it spending substantial amounts of time on the ground. New specimens allow us to present the first description of lesula postcranial morphology and apply a comparative functional morphology approach to supplement our knowledge of its locomotor behavior.

Materials and methods

To infer the substrate use preferences of the lesula, 22 postcranial variables correlated with locomotion were assessed in a sample of 151 adult guenon specimens, including two C. lomamiensis. Using multivariate statistical analyses, we predict the amount of time the lesula spends on the ground relative to the comparative sample.

Results

Results suggest that the lesula spends nearly half its time on the ground, and the two available individuals were classified as semiterrestrial and terrestrial with strong support. Comparisons with two outgroup cercopithecid taxa (Colobus guereza and Macaca mulatta) demonstrate that, as a group, guenons retain signals of a generalized, semiterrestrially adapted postcranium compared to specialized arboreal cercopithecids.

Discussion

These results corroborate preliminary behavioral observations of the lesula as a semiterrestrial to terrestrial primate and imply multiple evolutionary transitions in substrate use among the guenon radiation. A broader view of cercopithecoid evolution suggests that a semiterrestrial ancestor for extant guenons is more parsimonious than an arboreal one, indicating that the arboreal members of the group are probably recently derived from a more semiterrestrial ancestor.
Fano‐Andreev and Fano‐Majorana Correspondence in Quantum Dot Hybrid Structures
Authors: Calle Ana M. , Pacheco Mónica , Orellana Pedro A. , Otálora Jorge A.
Published: March 2020

A correspondence on the single‐electron transport properties between systems of different nature, a topological quantum system and a (conventional) non‐topological one, is demonstrated. Specifically, the equivalence between the Fano resonances obtained in T‐shaped double quantum dot system coupled to a superconducting lead (QD–QD–S) and a topological superconductor ring nanowire (QD–MBSs) is presented. The non‐zero value of the Fano (anti)resonance in the conductance of the QD‐MBSs systems is shown as a consequence of a complex Fano factor , which is equivalent to the complex Fano factor of the QD–QD–S. The complex nature of is understood as a sign of a phase introduced by the superconducting lead in the QD–QD–S. It is because of this phase that the correspondence between the QD–QD–S and the QD–MBSs is possible. It is believed that these results can help to reveal the importance of the Fano interference process toward the understanding of the role of the superconductor lead in the QD–QD–S system as well as giving a clear signature of the presence of MBS's in the topological system.
Tandem Insertion–[1,3]‐Rearrangement: Highly Enantioselective Construction of α‐Aminoketones
Authors: Chen Yushuang , Liu Yun , Li Zhaojing , Dong Shunxi , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming
Published: March 2020

An enantioselective synthesis of α‐aminoketone derivatives were readily available through a tandem insertion–[1,3] O‐to‐C rearrangement reaction. The rhodium salt and chiral N,N′‐dioxide‐indium(III) complex make up relay catalysis, which enables the O−H insertion of benzylic alcohols to N‐sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles, and asymmetric [1,3]‐rearrangement of amino enol ether intermediates, subsequently. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggested that the [1,3] O‐to‐C rearrangement step proceeded through an ion pair pathway.
Near‐Infrared Light Triggered‐Release in Deep Brain Regions Using Ultra‐photosensitive Nanovesicles
Authors: Xiong Hejian , Li Xiuying , Kang Peiyuan , Perish John , Neuhaus Frederik , Ploski Jonathan E. , Kroener Sven , Ogunyankin Maria O. , Shin Jeong Eun , Zasadzinski Joseph A. , Wang Hui , Slesinger Paul A. , Zumbuehl Andreas , Qin Zhenpeng
Published: March 2020

Remote and minimally‐invasive modulation of biological systems with light has transformed modern biology and neuroscience. However, light absorption and scattering significantly prevents penetration to deep brain regions. Herein, we describe the use of gold‐coated mechanoresponsive nanovesicles, which consist of liposomes made from the artificial phospholipid Rad‐PC‐Rad as a tool for the delivery of bioactive molecules into brain tissue. Near‐infrared picosecond laser pulses activated the gold‐coating on the surface of nanovesicles, creating nanomechanical stress and leading to near‐complete vesicle cargo release in sub‐seconds. Compared to natural phospholipid liposomes, the photo‐release was possible at 40 times lower laser energy. This high photosensitivity enables photorelease of molecules down to a depth of 4 mm in mouse brain. This promising tool provides a versatile platform to optically release functional molecules to modulate brain circuits.
Elucidating Noncovalent Reaction Mechanisms: G‐Quartet as an Intermediate in G‐Quadruplex Assembly
Authors: Martín‐Arroyo Miguel , del Prado Anselmo , Chamorro Raquel , Bilbao Nerea , González‐Rodríguez David
Published: March 2020

In analogy to covalent reactions, the understanding of noncovalent association pathways is fundamental to influence and control any supramolecular process. Following an approach that is reminiscent of covalent methodologies, we study here, for the first time, the mechanism of G‐quadruplex formation in organic solvents. Our results support a reaction pathway in which the cation shifts the equilibrium towards a G‐quartet transient intermediate, which then acts as a template in the formation of the G‐quadruplex product.
On‐Surface Assembly of Hydrogen‐ and Halogen‐Bonded Supramolecular Graphyne‐Like Networks
Authors: Yang Zechao , Fromm Lukas , Sander Tim , Gebhardt Julian , Schaub Tobias A. , Görling Andreas , Kivala Milan , Maier Sabine
Published: March 2020

Demonstrated here is a supramolecular approach to fabricate highly ordered monolayered hydrogen‐ and halogen‐bonded graphyne‐like two‐dimensional (2D) materials from triethynyltriazine derivatives on Au(111) and Ag(111). The 2D networks are stabilized by N⋅⋅⋅H−C(sp) bonds and N⋅⋅⋅Br−C(sp) bonds to the triazine core. The structural properties and the binding energies of the supramolecular graphynes have been investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy in combination with density‐functional theory calculations. It is revealed that the N⋅⋅⋅Br−C(sp) bonds lead to significantly stronger bonded networks compared to the hydrogen‐bonded networks. A systematic analysis of the binding energies of triethynyltriazine and triethynylbenzene derivatives further demonstrates that the X3‐synthon, which is commonly observed for bromobenzene derivatives, is weaker than the X6‐synthon for our bromotriethynyl derivatives.
Interfacial Design of Dendrite‐Free Zinc Anodes for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Qi , Luan Jingyi , Tang Yougen , Ji Xiaobo , Wang Haiyan
Published: March 2020

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries have rapidly developed recently as promising energy storage devices in large‐scale energy storage systems owing to their low cost and high safety. Research on suppressing zinc dendrite growth has meanwhile attracted widespread attention to improve the lifespan and reversibility of batteries. Herein, design methods for dendrite‐free zinc anodes and their internal mechanisms are reviewed from the perspective of optimizing the host–zinc interface and the zinc–electrolyte interface. Furthermore, a design strategy is proposed to homogenize zinc deposition by regulating the interfacial electric field and ion distribution during zinc nucleation and growth. This Minireview can offer potential directions for the rational design of dendrite‐free zinc anodes employed in aqueous zinc‐ion batteries.
Modelling Photosynthesis with ZnII‐Protoporphyrin All‐DNA G‐Quadruplex/Aptamer Scaffolds
Authors: Luo Guo‐Feng , Biniuri Yonatan , Chen Wei‐Hai , Wang Jianbang , Neumann Ehud , Marjault Henri‐Baptiste , Nechushtai Rachel , Winkler Martin , Happe Thomas , Willner Itamar
Published: March 2020

All‐DNA scaffolds act as templates for the organization of photosystem I model systems. A series of DNA templates composed of ZnII‐protoporphyrin IX (ZnIIPPIX)‐functionalized G‐quadruplex conjugated to the 3′‐ or 5′‐end of the tyrosinamide (TA) aptamer and ZnIIPPIX/G‐quadruplex linked to the 3′‐ and 5′‐ends of the TA aptamer through a four‐thymidine bridge. Effective photoinduced electron transfer (ET) from ZnIIPPIX/G‐quadruplex to bipyridinium‐functionalized tyrosinamide, TA‐MV2+, bound to the TA aptamer units is demonstrated. The effectiveness of the primary ET quenching of ZnIIPPIX/G‐quadruplex by TA‐MV2+ controls the efficiency of the generation of TA‐MV+.. The photosystem‐controlled formation of TA‐MV+. by the different photosystems dictates the secondary activation of the ET cascade corresponding to the ferredoxin‐NADP+ reductase (FNR)‐catalysed reduction of NADP+ to NADPH by TA‐MV+., and the sequestered alcohol dehydrogenase catalysed reduction of acetophenone to 1‐phenylethanol by NADPH.
Molecular Design of Highly Efficient Heavy‐Atom‐Free Triplet BODIPY Derivatives for Photodynamic Therapy and Bioimaging
Authors: Nguyen Van‐Nghia , Yim Yubin , Kim Sangin , Ryu Bokyeong , Swamy K. M. K. , Kim Gyoungmi , Kwon Nahyun , Kim C‐Yoon , Park Sungnam , Yoon Juyoung
Published: March 2020

Novel BODIPY photosensitizers were developed for imaging‐guided photodynamic therapy. The introduction of a strong electron donor to the BODIPY core through a phenyl linker combined with the twisted arrangement between the donor and the BODIPY acceptor is essential for reducing the energy gap between the lowest singlet excited state and the lowest triplet state (ΔEST), leading to a significant enhancement in the intersystem crossing (ISC) of the BODIPYs. Remarkably, the BDP‐5 with the smallest ΔEST (ca. 0.44 eV) exhibited excellent singlet oxygen generation capabilities in both organic and aqueous solutions. BDP‐5 also displayed bright emission in the far‐red/near‐infrared region in the condensed states. More importantly, both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that BDP‐5 NPs displayed a high potential for photodynamic cancer therapy and bioimaging.
Co(III) N,N′‐diarylformamidine dithiocarbamate complexes: Synthesis, characterization, crystal structures and biological studies
Authors: Oladipo Segun D. , Omondi Bernard , Mocktar Chunderika
Published: March 2020

Three symmetric N,N‐diarylformamidine dithiocarbamates, N,N′‐bis(2,6‐dimethylphenyl)formamidine dithiocarbamate (DTL1), N,N′‐bis(2,6‐disopropylphenyl)formamidine dithiocarbamate (DTL2) and N,N′‐dimesitylformamidine dithiocarbamate (DTL3), and three unsymmetric ones, N′‐(2,6‐dichlorophenyl‐N‐(2,6‐dimethylphenyl)formamidine dithiocarbamate (DTL4), N′‐(2,6‐dichlorophenyl)‐N‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)formamidine dithiocarbamate (DTL5) and N′‐(2,6‐dichlorophenyl)‐N‐mesitylformamidine dithiocarbamate (DLT6), were reacted with chloridocobalt(III) in water to give Co‐(DTL1)3 (1), Co‐(DTL2)3 (2), Co‐(DTL3)3 (3), Co‐(DTL4)3 (4), Co‐(DTL5)3 (5) and Co‐(DTL6)3 (6). All the dithiocarbamates and complexes were characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Fourier transform infrared, UV–visible and mass spectra and the purity confirmed by elemental analysis. In addition, crystal structures of complexes 1, 2, 4 and 5 were determined, confirming the formation of mononuclear species in which the Co(III) centers coordinated to six sulfur atoms from three dithiocarbamate ligands resulting in distorted octahedral geometries. All complexes showed moderate to good antibacterial activities against Gram‐negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa even at low concentrations. None of the six were active against Gram‐positive bacterium methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and only active against S. aureus at high concentrations. Complexes 5 and 6 were found to be more active than ciprofloxacin against S. typhimurium, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae and complexes with chloro‐substituted ligands generally had enhanced activities. Antioxidant activities of the dithiocarbamate salts and their Co(III) complexes were also investigated using DPPH assay and the complexes were found to be more efficient. Complex 2 with an IC50 value of 2.84 × 10−4 mM displayed the highest activity of all compounds tested, even outdoing ascorbic acid. The radical scavenging ability of the complexes followed the order 2 > 1 > ascorbic acid >3 > 4 > 6 > 5.
High‐performance sodium polyacrylate nanocomposites developed by using ionic liquid covalently modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Yuan Xiang , Liu Honglin , Yu Hang , Ding Weijie , Li Yue , Wang Jikui
Published: March 2020

Ionic liquids grafted with multiwalled‐nanotubes (CNTBr/NTf2), involving hydrophilic bromide salt and hydrophobic bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)imide salt, were prepared by amidation, followed by an easy solution‐casting method of blending CNTBr/NTf2 with sodium polyacrylate (PAA) as well as crosslinking agent (XR‐100) to form PAA hybrid nanocomposites. The uniform dispersion of CNTBr/NTf2 were analyzed by TEM. The defects and physical properties of fillers were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, Contact angle test, and TGA. Furthermore, microstructures of hybrid nanocomposites were characterized by SEM, from which it can be found that fillers were homogeneously distributed in the PAA matrix. CNTBr/NTf2 significantly improved the mechanical properties and tensile fatigue resistance, as well as offered tunable swelling behavior of PAA nanocomposites without wasting too much of thermal stability. This study offers a simple approach to develop multifunctional materials based on ionic liquids covalently modified MWCNTs PAA nanocomposites.
Autism Spectrum Disorder Prevalence in Children Aged 12–13 Years From the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children
Authors: May Tamara , Brignell Amanda , Williams Katrina
Published: March 2020

This study aimed to provide an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prevalence update from parent and teacher report using the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC). The LSAC is a prospective cohort study of Australian children representative of the population with two cohorts: Kinder (birth year 1999/2000) and Birth cohort (birth year 2003/2004). Children in the Birth and Kinder cohort with parent‐ and teacher‐reported ASD prevalence were compared to children without ASD. There were N = 3,381 (66%) responding in the Birth cohort at age 12 and N = 3,089 (62%) for the Kinder cohort at age 16. Quality of life was measured by the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, and emotional/behavior problems using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Parent‐reported ASD prevalence increased to 4.36% [95% CI 3.56–5.19] at age 12–13 years in the Birth cohort and 2.60% [95% CI 2.07–3.31] in the Kinder cohort. Kinder cohort ASD children had more parent‐ and teacher‐reported social problems, and lower parent‐reported social and psychosocial quality of life. As expected, parent‐reported ASD prevalence continued to rise. The higher prevalence in the Birth cohort may relate to milder cases of ASD being diagnosed. Autism Res 2020, 13: 821–827. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

Parent‐reported ASD prevalence in 2016 in 12‐year‐old children from the Birth cohort of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children was 4.4%, and higher than the 2.6% in the earlier born Kinder cohort. The Birth cohort had a milder presentation with fewer social, emotional, and behavioral problems than the Kinder cohort. Milder cases of ASD are being diagnosed in Australia resulting in one of the highest reported prevalence rates in the world.
Identification of a novel repressor encoded by the putative gene ctf1 for cellulase biosynthesis in Trichoderma reesei through artificial zinc finger engineering
Authors: Meng Qing‐Shan , Zhang Fei , Liu Chen‐Guang , Zhao Xin‐Qing , Bai Feng‐Wu
Published: March 2020

Strains from Trichoderma reesei have been used for cellulase production with a long history. It has been well known that cellulase biosynthesis by the fungal species is controlled through regulators, and elucidation of their regulation network is of great importance for engineering T. reesei with robust cellulase production. However, progress in this regard is still very limited. In this study, T. reesei RUT‐C30 was transformed with an artificial zinc finger protein (AZFP) library, and the mutant T. reesei M2 with improved cellulase production was screened. Compared to its parent strain, the filter paper activity and endo‐β‐glucanase activity in cellulases produced by T. reesei M2 increased 67.2% and 35.3%, respectively. Analysis by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction indicated significant downregulation of the putative gene ctf1 in T. reesei M2, and its deletion mutants were thus developed for further studies. An increase of 36.9% in cellulase production was observed in the deletion mutants, but when ctf1 was constitutively overexpressed in T. reesei RUT‐C30 under the control of the strong pdc1 promoter, cellulase production was substantially compromised. Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed that the deletion of ctf1 upregulated transcription of gene encoding the regulator VIB1, but downregulated transcription of gene encoding another regulator RCE1, which consequently upregulated genes encoding the transcription factors XYR1 and ACE3 for the activation of genes encoding cellulolytic enzymes. As a result, ctf1 was characterized as a gene encoding a repressor for cellulase production in T. reesei RUT‐C30, which is significant for further elucidating molecular mechanism underlying cellulase biosynthesis by the fungal species for rational design to develop robust strains for cellulase production. And in the meantime, AZFP transformation was validated to be an effective strategy for identifying functions of putative genes in the genome of T. reesei.
Learning strategic cooperative behavior in industrial symbiosis: A game‐theoretic approach integrated with agent‐based simulation
Authors: Yazan Devrim Murat , Yazdanpanah Vahid , Fraccascia Luca
Published: March 2020

This paper investigates the negotiation phase of industrial symbiosis relationships, where companies exchanging wastes for inputs need to develop strategies on how to share the additional costs to operate the industrial symbiosis business. The business behavior is approached as a “coopetition” problem where companies need to cooperate to reduce waste discharge costs and traditional input purchase costs and dive into competition to pay a minimum share of additional costs (i.e., waste treatment, waste transportation, and transaction costs) of operating industrial symbiosis. A noncooperative game‐theoretical model for sharing the additional costs is proposed that highlights the two strategies that companies can adopt aimed at sharing costs: a fair strategy and an opportunistic strategy. Then, an agent‐based model is used to simulate the game iterated over time and investigate how the players can adapt their strategies according to their past experience. Simulation results show that players learn that playing the fair strategy is beneficial in the long period, despite in the short period they can gain more benefit by playing the opportunistic strategy. Findings of the paper are critically important to reduce the business and managerial barriers against the formation of industrial symbiosis networks and to stimulate innovative thinking of company managers to foster the development of the circular economy. The paper proposes theoretical, managerial, and policy implications, which are discussed in detail in a comparative manner between linear and circular economy.
Preoperative diagnosis of malignant pulmonary nodules in lung cancer screening with a radiomics nomogram
Authors: Liu Ailing , Wang Zhiheng , Yang Yachao , Wang Jingtao , Dai Xiaoyu , Wang Lijie , Lu Yuan , Xue Fuzhong
Published: March 2020

Background

Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. Its survival rate can be significantly improved by early screening. Biomarkers based on radiomics features have been found to provide important physiological information on tumors and considered as having the potential to be used in the early screening of lung cancer. In this study, we aim to establish a radiomics model and develop a tool to improve the discrimination between benign and malignant pulmonary nodules.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted on 875 patients with benign or malignant pulmonary nodules who underwent computed tomography (CT) examinations between June 2013 and June 2018. We assigned 612 patients to a training cohort and 263 patients to a validation cohort. Radiomics features were extracted from the CT images of each patient. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was used for radiomics feature selection and radiomics score calculation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to develop a classification model and radiomics nomogram. Radiomics score and clinical variables were used to distinguish benign and malignant pulmonary nodules in logistic model. The performance of the radiomics nomogram was evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC), calibration curve and Hosmer‐Lemeshow test in both the training and validation cohorts.

Results

A radiomics score was built and consisted of 20 features selected by LASSO from 1288 radiomics features in the training cohort. The multivariate logistic model and radiomics nomogram were constructed using the radiomics score and patients’ age. Good discrimination of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules was obtained from the training cohort (AUC, 0.836; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.793‐0.879) and validation cohort (AUC, 0.809; 95% CI: 0.745‐0.872). The Hosmer‐Lemeshow test also showed good performance for the logistic regression model in the training cohort (P = 0.765) and validation cohort (P = 0.064). Good alignment with the calibration curve indicated the good performance of the nomogram.

Conclusions

The established radiomics nomogram is a noninvasive preoperative prediction tool for malignant pulmonary nodule diagnosis. Validation revealed that this nomogram exhibited excellent discrimination and calibration capacities, suggesting its clinical utility in the early screening of lung cancer.
Study on solutions to problems in the application of multimedia in translation teaching
Authors: Zhang Shidong , Ji Hongli , Sun Pengfei , Peng Shuang
Published: March 2020

The development of technology has revolutionized the teaching methods. Multimedia‐assisted education has gained extensive recognition since the 20th century. However, due to limited research on the subject, multimedia‐assisted education faces three major challenges. With respect to the teaching content, teachers and students regard the computer and the Internet as simple tools for searching for information and facilitating the translation of the available out‐of‐date source text in most universities; in terms of teaching methods, teachers use PowerPoint to present teaching content similar to using the traditional blackboard; as regards teaching evaluation, teachers are only evaluators. This kind of a traditional teaching system follows the “teacher‐centered” model, which is obviously inefficient in the cultivation of students’ comprehensive translation ability. Thus, a study on the corresponding solutions is meaningful and crucial for enhancing the quality of translation teaching. We provide the following suggestions. Teaching content should be time‐bound. Teachers need to search for up‐to‐date materials on the Internet for students to practice translating; the teaching method should be guided by a “process‐centered” concept, which means that students make presentations about making a comparative analysis of their translations and reference translations that are clips of videos of conferences or are recorded by the students themselves in translation companies. Their presentations need to be recorded to facilitate reflection; students should be evaluators as well as teachers. Evaluation by students is beneficial for cultivating the concepts of translation and independent thinking.
A Developmental Perspective on the Relationship between Child Sexual Abuse and Depression: A Systematic and Meta‐Analytic Review
Authors: Li Dongdong , Chu Chi Meng , Lai Violet
Published: March 2020

It is essential to examine child sexual abuse (CSA) and depression from a developmental perspective. Two meta‐analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between CSA and depression pertaining to the age at onset. English and Chinese databases were searched for articles on the association between CSA and depression that were published before December 2016. Random effect models were used in the meta‐analyses (35 studies with 37 effect sizes altogether). The result of the first analysis showed that CSA experiences were related to an earlier onset of depression among adult patients with depression with a moderate effect size. This relationship was found to be robust as it was not influenced by any of the moderators except for gender composition of the sample, and no publication bias was detected. The second analysis showed that CSA at a younger age was significantly related to a higher risk for depression in studies with female, adult or clinical/community samples, or where CSA onset was measured as a continuous age variable. The mixed findings between the age at CSA onset and depression caution against the use of a simple linear model.

‘Two meta‐analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between CSA and depression pertaining to the age at onset’

Key Practitioner Messages

Screening for child maltreatment experiences should be done routinely for the treatment of depression.

Preventive treatment is recommended for young CSA victims even if they do not present with depressive symptoms.

Clinicians who work with sexually abused children should consider abuse‐specific treatment to reduce the negative effect of earlier depression onset.
Penehyclidine hydrochloride protects against anoxia/reoxygenation injury in cardiomyocytes through ATP‐sensitive potassium channels, and the Akt/GSK‐3β and Akt/mTOR signaling pathways
Authors: Zi Congna , Zhang Chunlei , Yang Yanli , Ma Jun
Published: March 2020

Penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) can protect against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the possible mechanisms of PHC in anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R)‐induced injury in H9c2 cells remain unclear. In the present study, H9c2 cells were pretreated with PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002, ATP‐sensitive K+ (KATP) channel blocker 5‐hydroxydecanoate (5‐HD), PHC, or KATP channel opener diazoxide (DZ) before subjecting to A/R injury. Cell viability and cell apoptosis were determined by cell counting kit‐8 assay and annexin V/PI assay, respectively. Myocardial injury was evaluated by measuring creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities. Intracellular Ca2+ levels, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) were measured. The levels of cytoplasmic/mitochondrial cytochrome c (Cyt‐C), Bax, Bcl‐2, cleaved caspase‐3, KATP channel subunits (Kir6.2 and SUR2A), and the members of the Akt/GSK‐3β and Akt/mTOR signaling pathways were determined by western blotting. We found that PHC preconditioning alleviated A/R‐induced cell injury by increasing cell viability, reducing CK and LDH activities, and inhibiting cell apoptosis. In addition, PHC preconditioning ameliorated intracellular Ca2+ overload and ROS production, accompanied by inhibition of both mPTP opening and Cyt‐C release into cytoplasm, and maintenance of ΔΨm. Moreover, PHC preconditioning activated mitochondrial KATP channels, and modulated the Akt/GSK‐3β and Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. Similar effects were observed upon treatment with DZ. Pretreatment with LY294002 or 5‐HD blocked the beneficial effects of PHC. These results suggest that the protective effects of PHC preconditioning on A/R injury may be related to mitochondrial KATP channels, as well as the Akt/GSK‐3β and Akt/mTOR signaling pathways.
Expression of genes involved in apoptosis is dysregulated in mucopolysaccharidoses as revealed by pilot transcriptomic analyses
Authors: Brokowska Joanna , Pierzynowska Karolina , Gaffke Lidia , Rintz Estera , Węgrzyn Grzegorz
Published: March 2020

Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS), a group of lysosomal storage diseases (LSD), are inherited disorders caused by mutations in genes coding for enzymes involved in the degradation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Therefore, accumulated GAGs in lysosomes lead to severe symptoms in patients and significantly shortened life span. Although GAG accumulation in cells is the primary cellular defect in MPS, recent reports indicated that severe changes in cellular processes occur there as secondary or tertiary effects, which may contribute significantly to the disease pathomechanism. Apoptosis is one of such process, while mechanisms leading to dysregulation of this process in MPS remain largely unknown. To learn about these mechanisms, we have performed transcriptomic studies using cultures of fibroblasts derived from patients suffering from all types and subtypes of MPS, and assessed genes related to apoptosis. We found that there are significant changes in expression levels of many such genes relative to control fibroblasts (Human Dermal Fibroblasts‐adult cell line), and the number of down‐ or up‐regulated transcripts was between 19 and 73 in different MPS types. We have identified apoptosis‐related genes, which were considerably dysregulated in many MPS types, as well as those in which expression was significantly changed in specific MPS types. BNIP3, C1D, CLU, GPER1, KREMEN1, and PRKCD genes displayed the most changed expression profiles in most MPS types relative to control cells. Caspase 3/7 activity was increased in MPS IVA and IX. These results indicate that changes in apoptosis, observed in MPS, may arise, at least partially, from dysregulation of genes coding for proteins involved in this process.
Reaction Rate Inside the Cavity of [Ga4L6]12− Supramolecular Metallocage is Regulated by the Encapsulated Solvent
Authors: Norjmaa Gantulga , Maréchal Jean‐Didier , Ujaque Gregori
Published: March 2020

In the present study the dependence of the reaction rate of carbon‐carbon reductive elimination from R3PAu(MeOH)(CH3)2 (R=Me, Et) complexes inside [Ga4L6]12− metallocage on the nature of the phosphine ligand is investigated by computational means. The reductive elimination mechanism is analyzed in methanol solution and inside the metallocage. Classical molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the smaller the gold complex (which depends on the phosphine ligand size) the larger the number of solvent molecules encapsulated. The size of the phosphine ligands defines the space that is left available inside the cavity that can be occupied by solvent molecules. The Gibbs energy barriers calculated at DFT level, in excellent agreement with experiment both in solution and in the metallocage, show that the presence/absence of explicit solvent molecules inside the cavity significantly modifies the reaction rate.
Matrix Effects in a Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalyst Particle: Influence on Structure, Acidity, and Accessibility
Authors: Velthoen Marjolein E. Z. , Lucini Paioni Alessandra , Teune Iris E. , Baldus Marc , Weckhuysen Bert M.
Published: March 2020

Matrix effects in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst have been studied in terms of structure, accessibility, and acidity. An extensive characterization study into the structural and acidic properties of a FCC catalyst, its individual components (i.e., zeolite H‐Y, binder (boehmite/silica) and kaolin clay), and two model FCC catalyst samples containing only two components (i.e., zeolite‐binder and binder‐clay) was performed at relevant conditions. This allowed the drawing of conclusions about the role of each individual component, describing their mutual physicochemical interactions, establishing structure‐acidity relationships, and determining matrix effects in FCC catalyst materials. This has been made possible by using a wide variety of characterization techniques, including temperature‐programmed desorption of ammonia, infrared spectroscopy in combination with CO as probe molecule, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Ar physisorption, and advanced nuclear magnetic resonance. By doing so it was, for example, revealed that a freshly prepared spray‐dried FCC catalyst appears as a physical mixture of its individual components, but under typical riser reactor conditions, the interaction between zeolite H‐Y and binder material is significant and mobile aluminum migrates and inserts from the binder into the defects of the zeolite framework, thereby creating additional Brønsted acid sites and restoring the framework structure.
Controlled Growth of SrxBa1−xNb2O6 Hopper‐ and Cube‐Shaped Nanostructures by Hydrothermal Synthesis
Authors: Grendal Ola G. , Nylund Inger‐Emma , Blichfeld Anders B. , Tominaka Satoshi , Ohara Koji , Selbach Sverre M. , Grande Tor , Einarsrud Mari‐Ann
Published: March 2020

Controlling the shape and size of nanostructured materials has been a topic of interest in the field of material science for decades. In this work, the ferroelectric material SrxBa1−xNb2O6 (x=0.32–0.82, SBN) was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis, and the morphology is controllably changed from cube‐shaped to hollow‐ended structures based on a fundamental understanding of the precursor chemistry. Synchrotron X‐ray total scattering and PDF analysis was used to reveal the structure of the Nb‐acid precursor, showing Lindqvist‐like motifs. The changing growth mechanism, from layer‐by‐layer growth forming cubes to hopper‐growth giving hollow‐ended structures, is attributed to differences in supersaturation. Transmission electron microscopy revealed an inhomogeneous composition along the length of the hollow‐ended particles, which is explained by preferential formation of the high entropy composition, SBN33, at the initial stages of particle nucleation and growth.
Editorial: CITPlus 3/2020
Authors: Sieß Wolfgang
Published: March 2020

An Zuspruch mangelte es nicht am ersten Tag des Messe‐Trios Pumps & Valves, Maintenance und Logistics in Dortmund.
Heimsieg für das Team CrystAlizAir der TU Dortmund
Authors: Woppowa Ljuba
Published: March 2020

Anfang November des vergangenen Jahres trugen die kreativen jungen Verfahrensingenieure (kjVI) in Dortmund den alljährlichen Chemcar‐Wettbewerb aus. Beworben hatten sich Teams von den Universitäten RWTH Aachen, TU Berlin und der TU Dortmund, sowie ein ira
Micromixing performance in a rotating bar reactor
Authors: Banaga Abdelgadir Bashir , Yue Xu‐Jia , Chu Guang‐Wen , Wu Wei , Luo Yong , Chen Jian‐Feng
Published: March 2020

A rotating bar reactor (RBR) was designed for adjusting micromixing efficiency. It consists of two concentric cylinders of inner rotating and outer fixed cylinders. Two feeding modes, named as radial and tangential feeding modes, were applied to modify the feeding at the bottom section of the RBR. The influence of feeding modes on the micromixing performance was measured with different rotational speeds, flow rates, viscosities, volumetric flow ratios, and hydrogen ion concentrations. Experimental results reveal that the RBR with tangential feeding mode has better micromixing performance than that with radial mode. The higher rotational speed has a positive impact on the segregation index (Xs). The values of Xs increased with the decrease of the flow rate, and the increase of the viscosity, volumetric flow ratio, and hydrogen ion concentration. The micromixing time, estimated by using an incorporation model, was in the range of 5.00 × 10−6‐1.13 × 10−5 seconds in the RBR with a tangential feeding mode, which indicates a promising prospect of the RBR for process intensification of fast and complex reactions.
Prognostic value of admission electrocardiographic findings in non‐ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Chen Peng‐fei , Tang Liang , Pei Jun‐yu , Yi Jun‐lin , Xing Zhen‐hua , Fang Zhen‐fei , Zhou Sheng‐hua , Hu Xin‐qun
Published: March 2020

Background

Admission electrocardiographic (ECG) findings of non‐ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) include transient ST‐segment elevation (TSTE), ST‐segment depression (STD), T‐wave inversion (TWI), and no ischemic changes (NIC).

Hypothesis

This study aimed to assess the prognostic value of qualitative ECG findings at presentation and to clarify the influence of invasive treatment on the prognostic value of admission ECG findings.

Methods

We analyzed the Acute Coronary Syndrome Quality Improvement in Kerala (ACS QUIK) study post hoc. NSTEMI patients were included and classified into four groups per ECG findings. Study endpoints were in‐hospital and 30‐day mortality rates and major adverse events (MAE). We performed multivariate logistic regression, adjusting for covariates in the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events risk model, with subset analyses of patients treated with or without invasive management.

Results

STD patients had significantly higher in‐hospital and 30‐day mortality rates/MAE than TWI patients, which had lower in‐hospital mortality rate/MAE than the NIC group. TSTE patients had intermediate outcomes. In multivariate logistic regression using the TWI group as the reference, STD and NIC remained independently associated with worse outcomes. Subset analysis showed prognostic value of admission ECG in non‐invasively managed but not in invasively managed patients.

Conclusions

STD was associated with adverse outcomes, TWI with benign prognoses. NIC should not be taken to indicate low risk. Qualitative analysis of admission ECG is suitable for rapid risk stratification of NSTMI patients at presentation. However, it may not be predictive of short‐term outcomes of NSTEMI patients after invasive management.
High Na+ Mobility in rGO Wrapped High Aspect Ratio 1D SbSe Nano Structure Renders Better Electrochemical Na+ Battery Performance
Authors: Patel Mahendra , Haroon Haamid , Kumar Ajay , Ahmad Jahangir , Bhat Gulzar A. , Lone Saifullah , Putthusseri Dhanya , Majid Kowsar , Wahid Malik
Published: March 2020

We chose to understand the cyclic instability and rate instability issues in the promising class of Na+ conversion and alloying anodes with Sb2Se3 as a typical example. We employ a synthetic strategy that ensures efficient rGO (reduced graphene oxide) wrapping over Sb2Se3 material. By utilization of the minimum weight of additive (5 wt.% of rGO), we achieved a commendable performance with a reversible capacity of 550 mAh g−1 at a specific current of 100 mA g−1 and an impressive rate performance with 100 % capacity retention after high current cycling involving a 2 Ag−1 intermediate current step. The electrochemical galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) has been employed for the first time to draw a rationale between the enhanced performance and the increased mobility in the rGO wrapped composite (Sb2Se3‐rGO) compared to bare Sb2Se3. GITT analysis reveals higher Na+ diffusion coefficients (approx. 30 fold higher) in the case of Sb2Se3‐rGO as compared to bare Sb2Se3 throughout the operating voltage window. For Sb2Se3‐rGO the diffusion coefficients in the range of 8.0×10−15 cm2 s−1 to 2.2×10−12 cm2 s−1 were observed, while in case of bare Sb2Se3 the diffusion coefficients in the range of 1.6×10−15 cm2 s−1 to 9.4×10−15 cm2 s−1 were observed.
The geology of Tianshui‐Qin'an area of the western Loess Plateau and the chemical characteristics of its Neolithic pottery
Authors: Ma Hongjiao , Hein Anke , Henderson Julian , Ma Qinglin
Published: March 2020

The difference in the chemical compositions between Neolithic pottery from the eastern and western ends of the northern Chinese Loess Plateau has been known for some time, and a number of possible explanations have been proposed. However, a full understanding of the difference is yet to be achieved. Based on recent geological studies of the Tianshui‐Qin'an area on the western Loess Plateau, the present study establishes a logical connection between the chemical characteristics of Neolithic pottery from the western Loess Plateau and the primary sediments available in the area. Moreover, this study reveals that the chemical compositions of clay used for fine wares and coarse wares at Dadiwan also bear some clear differences. Based on these findings, the paper discusses possible clay selection methods by potters in the Neolithic western Loess Plateau to make their different wares based on the locales where suitable raw materials are available. The paper demonstrates that the raw materials available for pottery making on the eastern and western Loess Plateau differ significantly and this explains the marked difference in ceramic composition between the two locations.
FAM213A is linked to prognostic significance in acute myeloid leukemia through regulation of oxidative stress and myelopoiesis
Authors: Oh Chang‐Kyu , Ha Mihyang , Han Myoung‐Eun , Heo Hye J. , Myung Kyungjae , Lee Yoonsung , Oh Sae‐Ock , Kim Yun Hak
Published: March 2020

Accurate prediction of malignancies is important in choosing therapeutic strategies. Although there are many genetic and cytogenetic prognostic factors for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), prognosis is difficult to predict because of the heterogeneity of AML. Prognostic factors, including messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, have been determined for other malignancies, but not for AML. A total of 402 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas, GSE12417 (GPL96, 97), and GSE12417 (GPL570) were included in this study. In Kaplan‐Meier curve analyses, high expression of family with sequence similarity 213 member A (FAM213A), which activates antioxidant proteins, was associated with worse prognosis of AML. Similar to the results of the survival curve, C‐indices and area under the curve values were high. Current prognostic factors of AML, unlike those of other cancers, do not take mRNA expression into consideration. Thus, the development of mRNA‐based prognostic factors would be beneficial for accurate prediction of the survival of AML patients. Additionally, in vivo validation using zebrafish revealed that fam213a is important for myelopoiesis at the developmental stage and is a negative regulator of the p53 tumor suppressor gene. The findings implicate fam213a as a novel prognostic factor for AML patients.