bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endorsement and phylogenetic analysis of some Fabaceae plants based on DNA barcoding
Authors: Abdelsalam Nader R. , Hasan Mohamed E. , Javed Talha , Rabie Samar M. A. , El-Wakeel Houssam El-Din M. F. , Zaitoun Amera F. , Abdelsalam Aly Z. , Aly Hesham M. , Ghareeb Rehab Y. , Hemeida Alaa A. , Shah Adnan Noor
Published: June 2022

Background

DNA barcoding have been considered as a tool to facilitate species identification based on its simplicity and high-level accuracy in compression to the complexity and subjective biases linked to morphological identification of taxa. MaturaseK gene (MatK gene)of the chloroplast is very vital in the plant system which is involved in the group II intron splicing. The main objective of this study is to determine the relative utility of the “MatK” chloroplast gene for barcoding in 15 legume as a tool to facilitate species identification based on their simplicity and high-level accuracy linked to morphological identification of taxa.

Methods and Results

MatKgene sequences were submitted to GenBank and the accession numbers were obtained with sequence length ranging from 730 to 1545 nucleotides. These DNA sequences were aligned with database sequence using PROMALS server,Clustal Omega server and Bioedit program. Maximum likelihood and neighbor-joining algorithms were employed for constructing phylogeny. Overall, these results indicated that the phylogenetic tree analysis and the evolutionary distances of an individual dataset of each species were agreed with a phylogenetic tree of all each other consisting of two clades, the first clade comprising(Enterolobium contortisiliquum, Albizia lebbek), Acacia saligna,Leucaena leucocephala, Dichrostachys Cinerea, (Delonix regia, Parkinsonia aculeata), (Senna surattensis, Cassia fistula, Cassia javanica)andSchotia brachypetalawere more closely to each other, respectively. The remaining four species ofErythrina humeana, (Sophora secundiflora, Dalbergia Sissoo, Tipuana Tipu)constituted the second clade.

Conclusion

Moreover, their sequences could be successfully utilized in single nucleotide polymorphism or as part of the sequence as DNA fragment analysis utilizing polymerase chain reaction in plant systematic. Therefore,MatKgene is considered promising a candidate for DNA barcoding in the plant family Fabaceae and provides a clear relationship between the families.
A Third Generation Calphad Description of Fe: Revisions of Fcc, Hcp and Liquid
Authors: He Zhangting , Haglöf Fredrik , Chen Qing , Blomqvist Andreas , Selleby Malin
Published: June 2022

The thermodynamic description of pure Fe was re-assessed using updated third generation Calphad models and taking into account the most recent theoretical data. In the present re-assessment, a critical evaluation was performed for the magnetic properties of the fcc and hcp phases yielding different descriptions from those accepted in the SGTE database. The selected magnetic properties enable us to model the thermodynamic properties of fcc satisfactorily without using the magnetic two-state model. A new method was applied to extrapolate the thermodynamic data for the solid phases, i.e. a single Gibbs energy expression is used for the entire temperature range for the bcc, fcc and hcp phases. The description of the liquid phase was re-evaluated following a recent suggestion on estimating the electronic heat capacity coefficient for the liquid phase. Overall, the present Calphad description can reproduce the selected experimental and theoretical data well.
Differences Between the 2016 and 2022 Editions of the Enhanced Recovery After Bariatric Surgery (ERABS) Guidelines: Call to Action of FAIR Data and the Creation of a Global Consortium of Bariatric Care and Research
Authors: Torensma Bart , Hisham Mohamed , Eldawlatly Abdelazeem A. , Hany Mohamed
Published: June 2022

In 2016, the Enhanced Recovery After Bariatric Surgery guidelines (G16) was published, and in 2022, an update to it was released (G22). Grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluations (GRADE), emphasizing the level of evidence (LoE) of both the guidelines, was performed. An overview of methodology was also performed, considering the following questions: how can research be improved, what can be done in the future using data, and how to collaborate more? Both guidelines did not explain how the LoE conclusions were derived regarding the risk of bias. There is also potential for forming a global consortium that deals with bariatric research, which can serve as a repository for all relevant data. Ensuring that this data is FAIR (findability, accessibility, interoperability, reusability) compliant and using this data to formulate future guidelines will benefit clinicians and patients alike.
“Lymphocyte population in peripheral blood in children and adolescents with graves disease. Potential predictive tool for severity of the disease”
Authors: Tuli Gerdi , Munarin Jessica , Mazzucco Beatrice , Matarazzo Patrizia , de Sanctis Luisa
Published: June 2022

Purpose

To date, few data are available on the prognostic role of lymphocyte subsets in pediatric Graves’ Disease (GD). The aim of this retrospective study is to analyze the role of lymphocyte subtypes in predicting the severity of GD.

Methods

Data of 10 pediatric subjects aged <18 years with GD onset in the period November 2017–April 2021 were collected. The lymphocyte population was assessed at the onset of GD as well as hormonal and clinical data. The follow-up period was 2.4 ± 0.8 years.

Results

Pearson correlation coefficient between CD4+ /CD8+ ratio and fT3 levels and thyroid volume at diagnosis was 0.72 (p = 0.04) and 0.81 (p = 0.004) respectively; that between CD4+ /CD8+ ratio and the TRAb titer at diagnosis and after 6, 12 and 24 months was 0.89, 0.89, 0.73 and 0.77 respectively (p = 0.02, p = 0.01, p = 0.03 and 0.04). The correlation coefficient of anti-thyroid drug (ATD) dose after 6 and 12 months with CD4+ /CD8 ratio was 0.88 and 0.78 (p = 0.001 and p = 0.02 respectively). Patients with a higher CD4+ /CD8+ ratio at diagnosis displayed higher fT3 levels (28.73 ± 2.18 vs 13.48 ± 2.19 pmol/L, p = 0.03) and higher TRAb titers (28.9 ± 11.2 vs 4.88 ± 0.97, p = 0.01).

Conclusion

CD4+/CD8+ ratio appears as a promising predictive tool to be considered together with other prognostic factors to better manage pediatric GD. These preliminary data need to be confirmed over a longer follow-up period and in larger cohorts.
Sexual violence among male sexual minority college students in Guangdong, China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wei Dannuo , Li Jinghua , Xu Huifang , Fan Lirui , Du Yaoyao , Chen Xiaoting , Hou Fengsu , Gu Jing
Published: June 2022

This study aims to provide an estimate of lifetime sexual violence (SV) among male sexual minority college students with differing sexual orientations and contribute to the evidence base on the association between SV experience, stress, and depressive symptoms. The data stemmed from the 2019 Internet Survey on HIV/AIDS and Sexual Health in Colleges and Universities in Guangdong province, China. Lifetime SV victimisation (including non-sexual harassment, physical contact sexual harassment, and rape), level of stress, and depressive symptoms were examined among 1441 male sexual minority students from 37 colleges and universities in Guangdong province. Linear regression analyses were adopted to examine associations between independent variables and depressive symptoms. 23.4% (337/1441) of the participants reported lifetime non-contact harassment, while 8.8% (127/1441) and 2.4% (35/1441) of the participants reported physical contact sexual harassment and rape, respectively. Homosexual students reported the most physical contact sexual harassment (48/127, 37.8%) and bisexual students reported the most non-contact sexual harassment (102/337, 30.3%) and rape (10/35, 28.6%) among sexual minority participants; 85.6% participants reported high levels of stress. The experience of SV and the level of stress were significantly associated with depressive symptoms, and stress completely mediated the path from SV experiences to depressive symptoms. This study specifically showcases SV as a pervasive problem affecting Chinese male sexual minority college students and highlighting the severity of stress and depressive symptoms among this population. These findings emphasise the urgency of implementing effective practices and policies to address SV and depressive symptoms among male sexual minority college students in China.
Role of MicroRNA-326 and its Target Genes Bcl-xL and Bak as Potential Markers in Platelet Storage Lesion in Blood Banks
Authors: Elgendy Wessam , Swelem Rania , Aboudiba Noha , Elwafa Reham Abo
Published: June 2022

Platelet transfusion is crucial in the management of various conditions such as quantitative and qualitative platelet disorders. A serious problem that impacts public health is the shortage of Platelet concentrates (PCs) that frequently affect few blood donors’ countries, such as Egypt. This has necessitated the need to establish novel standards for determining the quality of PC during storage. It was found that microRNAs (miRNA) differential expression profile is a helpful tool for recognition of physiological platelet changes during storage. The aim of the current study was to highlight the role of platelet miRNA-326 and its putative target apoptotic genes, Bcl-xL and Bak, and their role in platelet storage lesion (PSL). Differential expression of miRNA-326 and its target genes in the apoptotic pathway, Bcl-xL and Bak was done using quantitative real time PCR (QR-PCR) on different storage points at day 0, day 3 and day 5 in blood bank. The results of the current study revealed over expression of miRNA-326 throughout days of storage resulted in down regulation of Bcl-xL gene and subsequently up regulation of Bak gene. MiRNA-326 contributes to platelet apoptosis and PSL through inhibition of anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL expression and enhancing pro-apoptotic Bak expression. Differential miRNA-326 and its target gene, Bcl-xL and Bak, expression levels at different points of platelets storage are promising tools as biomarkers for platelets undergoing PSL in blood banks.
Cloud-based email phishing attack using machine and deep learning algorithm
Authors: Butt Umer Ahmed , Amin Rashid , Aldabbas Hamza , Mohan Senthilkumar , Alouffi Bader , Ahmadian Ali
Published: June 2022

Cloud computing refers to the on-demand availability of personal computer system assets, specifically data storage and processing power, without the client's input. Emails are commonly used to send and receive data for individuals or groups. Financial data, credit reports, and other sensitive data are often sent via the Internet. Phishing is a fraudster's technique used to get sensitive data from users by seeming to come from trusted sources. The sender can persuade you to give secret data by misdirecting in a phished email. The main problem is email phishing attacks while sending and receiving the email. The attacker sends spam data using email and receives your data when you open and read the email. In recent years, it has been a big problem for everyone. This paper uses different legitimate and phishing data sizes, detects new emails, and uses different features and algorithms for classification. A modified dataset is created after measuring the existing approaches. We created a feature extracted comma-separated values (CSV) file and label file, applied the support vector machine (SVM), Naive Bayes (NB), and long short-term memory (LSTM) algorithm. This experimentation considers the recognition of a phished email as a classification issue. According to the comparison and implementation, SVM, NB and LSTM performance is better and more accurate to detect email phishing attacks. The classification of email attacks using SVM, NB, and LSTM classifiers achieve the highest accuracy of 99.62%, 97% and 98%, respectively.
Czech Corporate Governance in the Light of its History and the Influence of the G20/OECD Corporate Governance Principles
Authors: Havel Bohumil , Lasák Jan , Pihera Vlastimil , Štenglová Ivana
Published: June 2022

This article maps the development of Czech corporate law after 1989 against the backdrop of the gradual change of private law and its paradigms as well as considering especially the influence and use of corporate governance soft law. It describes some of the economic, political and social reasons that slowed down or marginalized the relevance of OECD Corporate Governance Principles after the transition of Czechoslovakia and later the Czech Republic to democratic law. At the same time, the article attempts to show that while the gradual recodification of corporate law, in particular corporate governance rules, did not provide much support for the use of corporate governance codes, it nevertheless reflected the relevant rules and recommendations for statutory rules, thus, partially attaining similar goals. The authors of this article therefore believe that the lack of the practical development of some aspects of corporate governance or corporate social responsibility is often not due to the inadequacy of legal regulation but is rather the result of an overestimation of the personal characteristics of entrepreneurs, their reluctance to introduce complex governance structures and a rigid or very conservative interpretive positivism.
Mathematikbezogene Prüfungsangst am Grundschulübergang – Welche Rolle spielen elterliches Unterstützungsverhalten und die Übergangsempfehlung?
Authors: Jonberg Anna , Porsch Raphaela , Kastens Claudia Pereira
Published: June 2022

Die im Beitrag vorgestellte Studie untersucht Prüfungsangst im Fach Mathematik am Grundschulübergang und dessen Zusammenspiel mit der voraussichtlichen Übergangsempfehlung sowie dem elterlichen Unterstützungsverhalten. Datengrundlage bietet die Durchstarten-Studie mit 365 Viertklässler*innen und deren Eltern, die kurz vor dem Erhalt der Übergangsempfehlung befragt wurden. Hohe Prüfungsangst geht mit einer niedrigeren Schulformempfehlung einher. Elterliches Unterstützungsverhalten hängt mit höherer Prüfungsangst zusammen. Dabei zeigen sich schulformempfehlungsspezifische Zusammenhänge: Die Vorhersagekraft der elterlichen Unterstützung zeigt sich nur für angehende Gymnasiast*innen, jedoch nicht für Kinder mit Real- oder Hauptschulempfehlung. Gründe und Implikationen für die Praxis werden diskutiert.
Police prosecutors and LGBTIQ intimate partner violence, victims, and perpetrators: an empirical study
Authors: Miles-Johnson Toby , Ball Matthew
Published: June 2022

This paper reports on a survey exploring whether police prosecutors in the Queensland Police Service can recognise and respond appropriately to intimate partner violence (IPV) in the LGBTIQ community. Utilising an online survey featuring hypothetical vignettes of IPV involving LGBTIQ people, it sought to understand police prosecutors’ recognition of, and response to, IPV situations involving LGBTIQ people; the likelihood of IPV occurring in LGBTIQ relationships; and whether friendships, interaction (social and professional), and levels of trust in LGBTIQ people shape their perceptions of LGBTIQ victims, perpetrators, and IPV itself. Contributing new knowledge into the extant policing literature examining policing of IPV, the results of this study offer a unique insight into police prosecutors and LGBTIQ IPV and their inability to clearly distinguish between perpetrators and victims in LGBTIQ IPV scenarios, particularly where coercive control is involved, or a transgender person is the victim. We argue that enhancing police prosecutors’ recognition of, and response to, IPV situations in the LGBTIQ community is important because of the key role that prosecutors play in LGBTIQ peoples’ access to justice and responding appropriately to their needs as victims and perpetrators. The results from this study have international significance regarding developments in policing policy and practice and IPV recognition, and what this means for operational policing guidelines and better policing response when prosecuting IPV situations involving LGBTIQ people.
PEM water electrolysis for hydrogen production: fundamentals, advances, and prospects
Authors: Wang Tongzhou , Cao Xuejie , Jiao Lifang
Published: June 2022

Hydrogen, as a clean energy carrier, is of great potential to be an alternative fuel in the future. Proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis is hailed as the most desired technology for high purity hydrogen production and self-consistent with volatility of renewable energies, has ignited much attention in the past decades based on the high current density, greater energy efficiency, small mass-volume characteristic, easy handling and maintenance. To date, substantial efforts have been devoted to the development of advanced electrocatalysts to improve electrolytic efficiency and reduce the cost of PEM electrolyser. In this review, we firstly compare the alkaline water electrolysis (AWE), solid oxide electrolysis (SOE), and PEM water electrolysis and highlight the advantages of PEM water electrolysis. Furthermore, we summarize the recent progress in PEM water electrolysis including hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts in the acidic electrolyte. We also introduce other PEM cell components (including membrane electrode assembly, current collector, and bipolar plate). Finally, the current challenges and an outlook for the future development of PEM water electrolysis technology for application in future hydrogen production are provided.
Victorian Women Writers and the Other Germany
Authors: Hughes Linda
Published: June 2022

Shedding new light on the alternative, emancipatory Germany discovered and written about by progressive women writers during the long nineteenth century, this illuminating study uncovers a country that offered a degree of freedom and intellectual agency unheard of in England. Opening with the striking account of Anna Jameson and her friendship with Ottilie von Goethe, Linda K. Hughes shows how cultural differences spurred ten writers' advocacy of progressive ideas and provided fresh materials for publishing careers. Alongside well-known writers – Elizabeth Gaskell, George Eliot, Michael Field, Elizabeth von Arnim, and Vernon Lee – this study sheds light on the lesser-known writers Mary and Anna Mary Howitt, Jessie Fothergill, and the important Anglo-Jewish lesbian writer Amy Levy. Armed with their knowledge of the German language, each of these women championed an extraordinarily productive openness to cultural exchange and, by approaching Germany through a female lens, imported an alternative, 'other' Germany into English letters.
COVID-19 and Islamic Finance
Authors: Hassan M. Kabir , Muneeza Aishath
Published: June 2022

The objective of this Element is to provide an overview of Islamic finance by highlighting the impact of the pandemic on it in a comprehensive manner by looking at two branches of Islamic finance: Islamic commercial finance; and Islamic social finance. The approach that is adopted in this Element is to first provide an overview of Islamic finance to the readers in a simple and easy manner followed by the impact of pandemic discussed separately for both types of Islamic finance. Last, but not least, the Element also recommends ways in which Islamic finance could be further improved in the light of the lessons learnt from the pandemic. It is anticipated that the recommendations made in this regard would assist policymakers, practitioners, researchers and other stakeholders of Islamic finance to understand the way to unlock the full potential of Islamic finance to reduce the wealth gap and achieve financial inclusion.
The UN Security Council and International Law
Authors: Wood Michael , Sthoeger Eran
Published: June 2022

The UN Security Council and International Law explores the legal powers, limits and potential of the United Nations Security Council, offering a broadly positive (and positivist) account of the Council's work in practice. This book aims to answer questions such as 'when are Council decisions binding and on whom?', 'what legal constraints exist on Council decision making?' and 'how far is the Council bound by international law?'. Defining the controlling legal rules and differentiating between what the Council can do, as opposed to what it should do as a matter of policy, this book offers both a tool for assessment of the Council as well as realistic solutions to address its deficiencies, and, most importantly, evaluates its potential for maintaining international peace and security, to the benefit of us all.
More than a Massacre
Authors: Cadeau Sabine F.
Published: June 2022

More than a Massacre is a history of race, citizenship, statelessness, and genocide from the perspective of ethnic Haitians in Dominican border provinces. Sabine F. Cadeau traces a successively worsening campaign of explicitly racialized anti-Haitian repression that began in 1919 under the American Occupiers, accelerated in 1930 with the rise of Trujillo, and culminated in 1937 with the slaughter of an estimated twenty thousand civilians. Relatively unknown by contrast with contemporary events in Europe, the Haitian-Dominican experience has yet to feature in the broader literature on genocide and statelessness in the twentieth century. Bringing to light the massacre from the perspective of the ethnic Haitian victims themselves, Cadeau combines official documents with oral sources to demonstrate how ethnic Haitians interpreted their changing legal status at the border, as well as their interpretation of the massacre and its aftermath, including the ongoing killing and land conflict along the post-massacre border.
The effects of an 8-year individualised lifestyle intervention on food consumption and nutrient intake from childhood to adolescence: the PANIC Study
Authors: Sallinen Taisa , Viitasalo Anna , Lintu Niina , Väistö Juuso , Soininen Sonja , Jalkanen Henna , Haapala Eero A. , Mikkonen Santtu , Schwab Ursula , Lakka Timo A. , Eloranta Aino-Maija
Published: June 2022

We aimed to investigate the effects of a long-term, individualised, family-based lifestyle intervention on food consumption and nutrient intake from childhood to adolescence. We conducted an 8-year diet and physical activity intervention study in a population sample of children aged 7–9 years at baseline in 2007–2009. We allocated the participants to the intervention group (n 306) and the control group (n 198). We assessed diet by 4-d food records at baseline, 2-year follow-up and 8-year follow-up. We analysed the data using linear mixed-effects models adjusted for age at baseline and sex. The consumption of vegetables and vegetable oil-based spreads (fat ≥60 %) increased in the intervention group but did not change in the control group (P < 0⋅001 for time×group interaction). The consumption of fruits and berries increased in the intervention group but decreased in the control group (P = 0⋅036). The consumption of high-fat cheese (P = 0⋅029), butter-based spreads (P = 0⋅001) and salty snacks (P = 0⋅028) increased less, and the consumption of low-fat cheese (P = 0⋅004) increased more in the intervention group than in the control group. Saturated fat intake (P = 0⋅001) increased less, and the intakes of dietary fibre (P = 0⋅003), vitamin D (P = 0⋅042) and vitamin E (P = 0⋅027) increased more in the intervention group than in the control group. The intakes of vitamin C (P < 0⋅001) and folate (P = 0⋅001) increased in the intervention group but decreased in the control group. To conclude, individualised, family-based lifestyle intervention altered food choices towards more recommended diet and resulted in enhanced diet quality from childhood to adolescence.
BIRATIONAL RIGIDITY OF ORBIFOLD DEGREE 2 DEL PEZZO FIBRATIONS
Authors: ABBAN HAMID , KRYLOV IGOR
Published: June 2022

Varieties fibered into del Pezzo surfaces form a class of possible outputs of the minimal model program. It is known that del Pezzo fibrations of degrees$1$and$2$over the projective line with smooth total space satisfying the so-called$K^2$-condition are birationally rigid: their Mori fiber space structure is unique. This implies that they are not birational to any Fano varieties, conic bundles, or other del Pezzo fibrations. In particular, they are irrational. The families of del Pezzo fibrations with smooth total space of degree$2$are rather special, as formostfamilies a general del Pezzo fibration has the simplest orbifold singularities. We prove that orbifold del Pezzo fibrations of degree$2$over the projective line satisfying explicit generality conditions as well as a generalized$K^2$-condition are birationally rigid.
The Local Dynamics of Nation Building: Identity Politics and Constructions of the Russian Nation in Kazan and Ekaterinburg
Authors: Wilmers Leila
Published: June 2022

This article explores the role of place-based identity politics in constructions of the Russian nation by nongovernmental actors in the cities of Kazan and Ekaterinburg. Departing from more established approaches to the study of nation building concerned with elite strategies and actions, it contributes to an emerging line of inquiry focused on the agency of mesolevel actors. Drawing on interviews and analysis of public communications, the article demonstrates that actors such as museums, activist groups, and religious institutions creatively employ mainstream discursive practices present also in state narratives to anchor the nation in local symbols. At the same time, they position themselves in locally specific identity cleavages concerning city, regional, and ethnonational minority identities. The findings show that the imbrication of local identity politics in their narratives can problematize nation building by exposing contradictions in federal discourses or troubling the association of nation and state. Emphasizing the importance of locally situated processes of constructing the nation in conjunction with other scales of belonging, the article argues that nation building in Russia is complicated by mesolevel practices of identity making that can simultaneously support and subvert it.
From the Red Belt to the Bible Belt? Religiosity and Voting in Russia since 2011
Authors: Shcherbak Andrey , Ukhvatova Maria
Published: June 2022

The article explores the relationship between Orthodox religiosity and voting in Russia in 2011–2018. Using the theoretical framework of desecularization from above, which claims that church structures play a key role in the religious renaissance policy, we argue that the rise of the political influence of the ROC (Russian Orthodox Church) may be explained by its capacity for dissemination of traditional values that ultimately results in votes for United Russia and President Vladimir Putin in national elections. This study reveals the emergence of a new area on Russia’s political map—the belt – into Belt, which combines higher levels of Orthodox religiosity and pro-Kremlin voting in national elections. Using multiple empirical strategies we construct an index of religiosity on the regional level and identify the Orthodox Belt regions, test the relationship between Orthodox religiosity and voting in the national elections in 2011–2018, and test the differences in value orientations and electoral support between the Orthodox Belt regions and other ones. Finally, two model regions of the Orthodox Belt—Tambov and Lipetsk—are explored. We conclude that non-Orthodox Belt regions in Russia with higher Orthodox religiosity, conservatism, and loyalty are an emerging trend in Russian political geography.
Why Bother Using Bots?
Authors: COSTIK LEAH
Published: June 2022

As the Russian invasion of Ukraine continues to unfold, social media platforms are clamping down on Russian state-owned media, a key lever the Kremlin uses to spread propaganda and disinformation. The survival of non-democratic regimes in part depends on their ability to manage the information environment in this way. Social media has become a key ingredient in autocrats’ toolkits of how to respond to online opposition, which includes the use of trolls and automated bot accounts. But what are bots? What work do they do? And how might this social media tool be used in authoritarian regimes to help such regimes? In their new article, authors Stukal, Sanovich, Bonneau, and Tucker explore these pressing questions through an investigation of the use of pro-government Twitter bots within Russia during times of both offline and online political protests.
LOVE, ALLEGIANCE AND WEALTH IN FIFTEENTH-CENTURY WALES: THE RAGLAN RING AND ITS CONTEXT
Authors: Redknap Mark
Published: June 2022

In 1998 a massive gold signet ring was found by metal detecting in the parish of Raglan, Monmouthshire (Gwent), close to Raglan Castle. Now generally known as the Raglan ring, it is a remarkable example of late medieval goldsmiths’ work. This paper considers its motifs, legend, date and stylistic affinities. Its findspot is close to the castle-building programme at Raglan continued by William Herbert (executed 1469), who projected his position as premier supporter of the House of York in a variety of ways. Possible ownership is discussed, as is its wider context (including newly discovered signet rings from Wales).
EUnetHTA’s contribution to the new legal framework for health technology assessment cooperation in Europe
Authors: Imaz-Iglesia Iñaki , Wild Claudia
Published: June 2022

The history of the European cooperation on health technology assessment (HTA) has reached an important milestone with the adoption of the European HTA Regulation (HTA R) 2021/2282 in Dec 2021 (1). Its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union means a lot to those of us who wish to give HTA a stronger role in supporting health policy in favor of sustainable healthcare systems in Europe. The HTA R was prepared well by the European Commission with an impact assessment on policy options for enhanced EU cooperation on HTA (2) in 2017, followed by 3 years of negotiations with Member States. Now the ratified document stipulates that the European Cooperation on HTA will be based on a legal mandate and no longer stay a voluntary project-based initiative. It also means sustainability, since a permanent Secretariat at the European Commission will be set-up under the HTA R.
5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase becomes phosphorylated during meiotic maturation in mouse oocytes
Authors: Young Kyla , Tscherner Allison K. , Zhang Baohua , Meredith Megan , McClatchie Taylor , Trasler Jacquetta M. , Baltz Jay M.
Published: June 2022

The enzyme 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) links the folate cycle that produces one-carbon units with the methionine cycle that converts these intoS-adenosylmethionine (SAM), the universal methyl donor for almost all methyltransferases. Previously, MTHFR has been shown to be regulated by phosphorylation, which suppresses its activity. SAM levels have been shown to increase substantially soon after initiation of meiotic maturation of the mouse germinal vesicle (GV) stage oocyte and then decrease back to their original low level in mature second meiotic metaphase (MII) eggs. As MTHFR controls the entry of one-carbon units into the methionine cycle, it is a candidate regulator of the SAM levels in oocytes and eggs.Mthfrtranscripts are expressed in mouse oocytes and preimplantation embryos and MTHFR protein is present at each stage. In mature MII eggs, the apparent molecular weight of MTHFR was increased compared with GV oocytes, which we hypothesized was due to increased phosphorylation. The increase in apparent molecular weight was reversed by treatment with lambda protein phosphatase (LPP), indicating that MTHFR is phosphorylated in MII eggs. In contrast, LPP had no effect on MTHFR from GV oocytes, 2-cell embryos, or blastocysts. MTHFR was progressively phosphorylated after initiation of meiotic maturation, reaching maximal levels in MII eggs before decreasing again after egg activation. As phosphorylation suppresses MTHFR activity, it is predicted that MTHFR becomes inactive during meiotic maturation and is minimally active in MII eggs, which is consistent with the reported changes in SAM levels during mouse oocyte maturation.
Discretion and local health policy implementation: street-level bureaucrats and integrative and complementary therapies in Santos’ local health units
Authors: Macena Ariel , Oliveira Vanessa Elias de
Published: June 2022

This research discusses contextual factors that influence the development of complementary and/or integrative therapies developed by local health units on street-level bureaucracy in Santos. Through a qualitative approach, the research verifies that street-level bureaucracy is free to suggest and implement the aforementioned therapies, even if they do not have formal support of the municipality; however, they need support from their immediate local supervisors so they can adjust and implement the practice’s routine, or the practice might not occur. Additionally, this text also presents guidelines in order to further develop the research.
Die interkulturelle pflegepädagogische Kompetenz in Aneignungssituationen
Authors: Mittenzwei Marcus
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung. Eine andere Kultur zu besitzen, stellt einen Benachteiligungsfaktor auch für den Bereich der (Pflege-) Ausbildung dar (Mecheril & Vorrink, 2017; Scherr et al., 2015). In einer empirischen Analyse wurden interkulturelle Handlungsstrategien und Kompetenzelemente von Pflegepädagog_innen ermittelt, die im folgenden Beitrag in das Handlungsfeld der Aneignungssituationen transferiert werden.
Feinmotorik, Fingergnosie und frühe mathematische Fähigkeiten
Authors: Roesch Stephanie , Bahnmueller Julia , Barrocas Roberta , Moeller Korbinian
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: In zahlreichen Studien wurden inzwischen die Zusammenhänge zwischen Feinmotorik, Fingergnosie und frühen mathematischen Fähigkeiten untersucht. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, einen Überblick über diese Studien zu geben und diese qualitativ dahingehend auszuwerten, für welche mathematischen Fähigkeitsbereiche bereits Zusammenhänge mit Feinmotorik und/oder Fingergnosie nachgewiesen wurden und inwiefern für unterschiedliche feinmotorische Aufgabenbereiche differenzierte Ergebnisse vorliegen. Methoden: In einer systematischen Literaturrecherche wurden 32 empirische Arbeiten als relevant identifiziert. Ergebnisse: Insgesamt zeigten sich für die Bereiche Zahlwortreihe und Zählen, Zahlgröße verstehen (nur für Feinmotorik), Zahlraumvorstellung (nur für Fingergnosie) sowie Rechnen Befundlagen, die für positive Zusammenhänge mit Feinmotorik und/oder Fingergnosie sprechen – wenn auch unter Einschränkungen. Für den Bereich Zahlsymbole lesen und schreiben spricht die Befundlage tendenziell für keinen signifikanten Zusammenhang mit der Fingergnosie. Diskussion: Die insgesamt recht uneinheitliche Befundlage deutet darauf hin, dass die Zusammenhänge zwischen Feinmotorik, Fingergnosie und früher mathematischer Entwicklung differenziert zu betrachten sind. Feinmotorik scheint darüber hinaus eher indirekt durch fingerbasierte Strategien (z.B. Fingerzählen) und/oder exekutive mit mathematischen Fähigkeiten verknüpft zu sein. Implikationen für Forschung und Praxis werden diskutiert.
Vertical Postseismic Deformation of the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence
Authors: Ward Lauren A. , Guns Katherine A. , Smith‐Konter Bridget R. , Xu Xiaohua , Bock Yehuda , Sandwell David T.
Published: June 2022

The 2019 Ridgecrest conjugate Mw6.4 and Mw7.1 events resulted in several meters of strike‐slip and dip‐slip along an intricate rupture, extending from the surface down to 15 km. Now with >2 years of post‐rupture observations, we utilize these results to better understand vertical postseismic deformation from the Ridgecrest sequence and illuminate the emerging significance of vertical earthquake cycle deformation data. We determine the cumulative vertical displacement observed by the continuous GNSS network since Ridgecrest, which requires additional time series analyses to adequately resolve vertical deformation compared to the horizontal. Using a Maxwell‐type viscoelastic relaxation model, with a best fit time‐averaged asthenosphere viscosity of 4e17 Pa·s and a laterally heterogeneous lithosphere, we find that viscoelastic relaxation accounts for a majority of the cumulative vertical deformation at Ridgecrest and strongly controls far‐field observations in all north‐east‐up components. The viscoelastic model alone generally underpredicts deformation from GNSS and the remaining nonviscoelastic displacement is most prominent in the horizontal near‐field (−16 to 19 mm), revealing a deformation pattern matching the coseismic observations. This suggests that multiple deformation mechanisms are contributing to Ridgecrest's postseismic displacement, where afterslip likely dominates the near‐field while viscoelastic relaxation controls the far‐field. Similar deformation at individual GNSS stations has been observed for past earthquakes and additionally reveals long‐term transient viscosity over several years. Moreover, the greater temporal and spatial resolution of the GNSS array for Ridgecrest will help resolve the evolution of deformation for the entire network of observations as regional postseismic deformation persists for the next several years.
Spatial Markov Model for the Prediction of Travel‐Time‐Based Solute Dispersion in Three‐Dimensional Heterogeneous Media
Authors: Cirpka Olaf A. , Stettler Marie‐Madeleine , Dentz Marco
Published: June 2022

In recent years, Spatial Markov Models have gained popularity in simulating solute transport in heterogeneous formations. They describe the transition times of particles between equidistant observation planes by statistical distributions, assuming correlation of the transit times of individual particles between subsequent steps. By this, the approach naturally captures preasymptotic solute dispersion. In this study, we analyze Spatial Markov Models assuming bivariate log‐normal distributions of the particle slowness (i.e., the inverse velocity) in subsequent transitions. The model is fully parameterized by the mean Eulerian velocity, the variance of the log‐slowness, and the correlation coefficient of log‐slowness in subsequent steps. We derive closed‐form expressions for distance‐dependent ensemble dispersion, which is defined in terms of the second‐central moments of the solute breakthrough curves. We relate the coefficients to the properties of the underlying log‐hydraulic conductivity field assuming second‐order stationarity. The results are consistent with linear stochastic theory in the limit of small log‐conductivity variances, while the approach naturally extends to high‐variance cases. We demonstrate the validity of the approach by comparison to three‐dimensional particle‐tracking simulations of advective transport in heterogeneous media with isotropic, exponential correlation structure for log‐conductivity variances up to five. This study contributes to relating solute dispersion to metrics of the porous‐medium structure in cases of strong heterogeneity.
Patterns of activity correlate with symptom severity in major depressive disorder patients
Authors: Spulber S. , Elberling F. , Svensson J. , Tiger M. , Ceccatelli S. , Lundberg J.
Published: June 2022

Objective measures, such as activity monitoring, can potentially complement clinical assessment for psychiatric patients. Alterations in rest–activity patterns are commonly encountered in patients with major depressive disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate whether features of activity patterns correlate with severity of depression symptoms (evaluated by Montgomery–Åsberg Rating Scale (MADRS) for depression). We used actigraphy recordings collected during ongoing major depressive episodes from patients not undergoing any antidepressant treatment. The recordings were acquired from two independent studies using different actigraphy systems. Data was quality-controlled and pre-processed for feature extraction following uniform procedures. We trained multiple regression models to predict MADRS score from features of activity patterns using brute-force and semi-supervised machine learning algorithms. The models were filtered based on the precision and the accuracy of fitting on training dataset before undergoing external validation on an independent dataset. The features enriched in the models surviving external validation point to high depressive symptom severity being associated with less complex activity patterns and stronger coupling to external circadian entrainers. Our results bring proof-of-concept evidence that activity patterns correlate with severity of depressive symptoms and suggest that actigraphy recordings may be a useful tool for individual evaluation of patients with major depressive disorder.
Sex-different interrelationships of rs945270, cerebral gray matter volumes, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a region-wide study across brain
Authors: Luo Xingguang , Fang Wenhua , Lin Xiandong , Guo Xiaoyun , Chen Yu , Tan Yunlong , Wang Leilei , Jing Xiaozhong , Wang Xiaoping , Zhang Yong , Yu Ting , Ide Jaime , Cao Yuping , Yang Lingli , Li Chiang-Shan R.
Published: June 2022

Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) reported that the allele C of rs945270 of the kinectin 1 gene (KTN1) most significantly increased the gray matter volume (GMV) of the putamen and modestly regulated the risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). On the other hand, ADHD is known to be associated with a reduction in subcortical and cortical GMVs. Here, we examined the interrelationships of the GMVs, rs945270 alleles, and ADHD symptom scores in the same cohort of children. With data of rs945270 genotypes, GMVs of 118 brain regions, and ADHD symptom scores of 3372 boys and 3129 girls of the Adolescent Brain Cognition Development project, we employed linear regression analyses to examine the pairwise correlations adjusted for the third of the three traits and other relevant covariates, and examine their mediation effects. We found that the major allele C of rs945270 modestly increased risk for ADHD in males only when controlling for the confounding effects of the GMV of any one of the 118 cerebral regions (0.026 ≤ p ≤ 0.059: Top two: left and right putamen). This allele also significantly increased putamen GMV in males alone (left p = 2.8 × 10−5, and right p = 9.4 × 10−5; α = 2.1 × 10−4) and modestly increased other subcortical and cortical GMVs in both sexes (α < p < 0.05), whether or not adjusted for ADHD symptom scores. Both subcortical and cortical GMVs were significantly or suggestively reduced in ADHD when adjusted for rs945270 alleles, each more significantly in females (3.6 × 10−7 ≤ p < α; Top two: left pallidum and putamen) and males (3.5 × 10−6 ≤ p < α), respectively. Finally, the left and right putamen GMVs reduced 14.0% and 11.7% of the risk effects of allele C on ADHD, and allele C strengthened 4.5% (left) and 12.2% (right) of the protective effects of putamen GMVs on ADHD risk, respectively. We concluded that the rs945270-GMVs-ADHD relationships were sex-different. In males, the major allele C of rs945270 increased risk for ADHD, which was compromised by putamen GMVs; this allele also but only significantly increased putamen GMVs that then significantly protected against ADHD risk. In females, the top two GMVs significantly decreasing ADHD risk were left pallidum and putamen GMVs. Basal ganglia the left putamen in particular play the most critical role in the pathogenesis of ADHD.
Universal protein misfolding intermediates can bypass the proteostasis network and remain soluble and less functional
Authors: Nissley Daniel A. , Jiang Yang , Trovato Fabio , Sitarik Ian , Narayan Karthik B. , To Philip , Xia Yingzi , Fried Stephen D. , O’Brien Edward P.
Published: June 2022

Some misfolded protein conformations can bypass proteostasis machinery and remain soluble in vivo. This is an unexpected observation, as cellular quality control mechanisms should remove misfolded proteins. Three questions, then, are: how do long-lived, soluble, misfolded proteins bypass proteostasis? How widespread are such misfolded states? And how long do they persist? We address these questions using coarse-grain molecular dynamics simulations of the synthesis, termination, and post-translational dynamics of a representative set of cytosolic E. coli proteins. We predict that half of proteins exhibit misfolded subpopulations that bypass molecular chaperones, avoid aggregation, and will not be rapidly degraded, with some misfolded states persisting for months or longer. The surface properties of these misfolded states are native-like, suggesting they will remain soluble, while self-entanglements make them long-lived kinetic traps. In terms of function, we predict that one-third of proteins can misfold into soluble less-functional states. For the heavily entangled protein glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, limited-proteolysis mass spectrometry experiments interrogating misfolded conformations of the protein are consistent with the structural changes predicted by our simulations. These results therefore provide an explanation for how proteins can misfold into soluble conformations with reduced functionality that can bypass proteostasis, and indicate, unexpectedly, this may be a wide-spread phenomenon.
Artificial neural networks enable genome-scale simulations of intracellular signaling
Authors: Nilsson Avlant , Peters Joshua M. , Meimetis Nikolaos , Bryson Bryan , Lauffenburger Douglas A.
Published: June 2022

Mammalian cells adapt their functional state in response to external signals in form of ligands that bind receptors on the cell-surface. Mechanistically, this involves signal-processing through a complex network of molecular interactions that govern transcription factor activity patterns. Computer simulations of the information flow through this network could help predict cellular responses in health and disease. Here we develop a recurrent neural network framework constrained by prior knowledge of the signaling network with ligand-concentrations as input and transcription factor-activity as output. Applied to synthetic data, it predicts unseen test-data (Pearson correlationr = 0.98) and the effects of gene knockouts (r = 0.8). We stimulate macrophages with 59 different ligands, with and without the addition of lipopolysaccharide, and collect transcriptomics data. The framework predicts this data under cross-validation (r = 0.8) and knockout simulations suggest a role for RIPK1 in modulating the lipopolysaccharide response. This work demonstrates the feasibility of genome-scale simulations of intracellular signaling.
Reliable crystal structure predictions from first principles
Authors: Nikhar Rahul , Szalewicz Krzysztof
Published: June 2022

An inexpensive and reliable method for molecular crystal structure predictions (CSPs) has been developed. The new CSP protocol starts from a two-dimensional graph of crystal’s monomer(s) and utilizes no experimental information. Using results of quantum mechanical calculations for molecular dimers, an accurate two-body, rigid-monomer ab initio-based force field (aiFF) for the crystal is developed. Since CSPs with aiFFs are essentially as expensive as with empirical FFs, tens of thousands of plausible polymorphs generated by the crystal packing procedures can be optimized. Here we show the robustness of this protocol which found the experimental crystal within the 20 most stable predicted polymorphs for each of the 15 investigated molecules. The ranking was further refined by performing periodic density-functional theory (DFT) plus dispersion correction (pDFT+D) calculations for these 20 top-ranked polymorphs, resulting in the experimental crystal ranked as number one for all the systems studied (and the second polymorph, if known, ranked in the top few). Alternatively, the polymorphs generated can be used to improve aiFFs, which also leads to rank one predictions. The proposed CSP protocol should result in aiFFs replacing empirical FFs in CSP research.