bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internships and engineering: beliefs and behaviors of academics
Authors: Matusovich Holly , Carrico Cheryl , Harris Angela , Sheppard Sheri , Brunhaver Samantha , Streveler Ruth , McGlothlin Lester Marlena B.
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Internships play an important role in the choices engineering students make about future career pathways though there is little research about the messaging students receive regarding internships from academics. This messaging is important because it can contribute to the expectations students set for internships which in turn influences the interpretation of the experience and sense of appropriateness of that particular career pathway. Situated in Expectancy X Value theory, the purpose of this paper is to examine the beliefs and behaviors of the academics with whom engineering students interact as related to internship experiences.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted and analyzed interviews with 13 career center employees and 14 academic advisers/faculty members across six demographically and geographically diverse schools. Interviews were coded, and within and across case patterns developed.

Findings

Across all six schools, interview participants believe internships are important for students with regard to three areas: enabling career discovery, providing opportunities for development of career skills and helping students with full-time job acquisition. However, participants describe few direct actions associated with these beliefs. The lack of recommended actions for making the most of the internship experience, despite a strong belief in their importance, is a major finding of this paper.

Originality/value

This study is original in that it examines an important perspective that is not often a focus of research related to internships: academic advisors, faculty or career center personnel. The multi-institution sample enhances the value of the study as commonalities were seen despite variation in schools, enabling recommendations useful to a variety of contexts.
Effect of viscous dissipation in stokes flow between rotating cylinders using BEM
Authors: Teleszewski Tomasz Janusz
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to apply the boundary element method (BEM) to Stokes flow between eccentric rotating cylinders, considering the case when viscous dissipation plays a significant role and determining the Nusselt number as a function of cylinder geometry parameters.

Design/methodology/approach

The problem is described by the equation of motion of Stokes flow and an energy equation with a viscous dissipation term. First, the velocity field and the viscous dissipation term were determined from the momentum equation. The determined dissipation of energy and the constant temperature on the cylinder walls are the conditions for the energy equation, from which the temperature distribution and the heat flux at the boundary of the cylinders are determined. Numerical calculations were performed using the author’s own computer program based on BEM. Verification of the model was carried out by comparing the temperature determined by the BEM with the known theoretical solution for the temperature distribution between two rotating concentric cylinders.

Findings

As the ratio of the inner cylinder diameter to the outer cylinder diameter (r1/r2) increases, the Nusselt number increases. The angle of inclination of the function of the Nusselt number versus r1/r2 increases as the distance between the centers of the inner and outer cylinders increases.

Originality/value

The computational results may be used for the design of slide bearings and viscometers for viscosity testing of liquids with high viscosity where viscous dissipation is important. In the work, new integral kernels were determined for BEM needed to determine the viscous dissipation component.
Numerical optimization methods comparison based on the CFD conduction-convection heat transfer case
Authors: Mlynarczyk Przemyslaw
Published: June 2019

Purpose

In some types of industries, the best possible design, in terms of thermal and flow performance, determines the success or failure of the company. This applies, among others, to the sectional elements that form doors, windows or prefabricated building walls. The purpose of this paper is to show the possibilities and limitations of the different response surface methods for optimization in the case where natural convection phenomenon appears inside the sectional structures.

Design/methodology/approach

A three-layered wall with air gap is used as a cross-section heat flow model. Response surface algorithms for optimization, which can be found in commercial software, e.g. ANSYS/WORKBENCH, can help to optimize geometrical structure of components to achieve bigger or smaller heat flux value. In this paper, the optimization methodology of the design of experiments (DOE) and different response surface (RS) methods are used.

Findings

Optimal results obtained with the use of genetic aggregation, standard RS, Kriging, non-parametric regression and neural network methods are compared with direct CFD and analytical calculations. Different limitations and advantages of the RS methods make individual methods more appropriate for different issues. For a properly defined optimization problem, the heat flux value approximated for the optimal geometry agrees with the direct CFD simulations.

Practical implications

The presented investigations show how to use response surface optimization methods for thermal optimization of the sectional elements and their applications to obtain reliable results.

Originality/value

This paper presents the value of the use of RS methods in CFD-based geometry optimization. The study also shows that the RS optimization methods can approximate thermal properties under natural convection development conditions.
Published incidents and their proportions of human error
Authors: Evans Mark Glenn , He Ying , Yevseyeva Iryna , Janicke Helge
Published: June 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to provide an understanding of the proportions of incidents that relate to human error. The information security field experiences a continuous stream of information security incidents and breaches, which are publicised by the media, public bodies and regulators. Despite the need for information security practices being recognised and in existence for some time, the underlying general information security affecting tasks and causes of these incidents and breaches are not consistently understood, particularly with regard to human error.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper analyses recent published incidents and breaches to establish the proportions of human error and where possible subsequently uses the HEART (human error assessment and reduction technique) human reliability analysis technique, which is established within the safety field.

Findings

This analysis provides an understanding of the proportions of incidents and breaches that relate to human error, as well as the common types of tasks that result in these incidents and breaches through adoption of methods applied within the safety field.

Originality/value

This research provides original contribution to knowledge through the analysis of recent public sector information security incidents and breaches to understand the proportions that relate to human error.
Theoretical perspectives on public entrepreneurship
Authors: Liddle Joyce , McElwee Gerard
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The interest in entrepreneurship in the public sector is recognized as an emergent phenomenon in the field of entrepreneurship. Existing theoretical work is limited in helping understand how entrepreneurship in public agencies occurs. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a conceptual paper which develops the literature.

Findings

Building on the work of Klein et al. (2010) this paper contributes to theoretical development by providing an overview of public sector entrepreneurship (PSE). Although, there are similar features shared by private and PSE, it is proposed that there are significant differences between them, particularly in that public sector enterprise can be seen as entrepreneurship without entrepreneurs.

Research limitations/implications

As a conceptual paper on PSE the literature is predominantly UK based.

Practical implications

This paper brings entrepreneurship from the periphery to the core of the theoretical debates, as it is an under-researched area. Moreover, theoretical development has implications for policy and practice as existing research is disparate.

Originality/value

The paper considers how entrepreneurship and enterprise in the public sector is formulated. The significance of the paper is to highlight the importance of public entrepreneurs in working alongside a multitude of stakeholders to deal with numerous global and internal environment forces ethically amongst on-going budgetary and fiscal constraints. The contribution is the highlighting of the difficulties and concerns when uniting the discourse of market-based entrepreneurship and the discourse of public sector service provision.
Crowdfunding: a systemic framework of benefits
Authors: De Luca Valerio V. , Margherita Alessandro , Passiante Giuseppina
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Crowdfunding (CF) is a fast-developing and multifaceted phenomenon at the intersection of entrepreneurship, technology, finance and sociology. Although it is an alternative way to fund innovative projects using the internet, CF can provide great value other than money. Nevertheless, only few studies have been conducted to shed light on such additional benefits. The purpose of this paper is to present an integrative model of benefits of CF for the successful undertaking and sustainability of an entrepreneurial initiative.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on a systematic review of literature, a preliminary taxonomy is first identified. Industry experts, campaign creators and the analysis of real cases are then used to progressively build a model of 11 areas and 85 categories of benefits deriving from CF.

Findings

The paper presents a comprehensive model of benefits of CF for the project, the start-up and the creator related to the following aspects: viability, costs, customer, demand, distribution, employees, fund, strategy, market, partners, personal, product.

Research limitations/implications

The study does not distinguish among different forms of CF. Besides, only benefits are studied whereas potential drawbacks and challenges are not considered. Further research is thus needed to complement the framework along such two additional areas of investigation.

Originality/value

The theoretical framework is an exhaustive snapshot of the benefits of a CF campaign and it can thus be assumed as a starting point for future and empirical studies. Moreover, the paper can support platforms managers in the design of values-added tools aimed to improve attractiveness and project creators in campaign design and management.
Relating entrepreneurial orientation with operational responsiveness
Authors: Sahi Gurjeet Kaur , Gupta Mahesh C. , Cheng T.C.E. , Lonial Subhash C.
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Premised on dynamic capability theory, the purpose of this paper is to explore the link between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and operational responsiveness (OR). In addition, grounded in contingency theory, the authors examine the roles of competitive intensity and technological turbulence in affecting the entrepreneurial orientation and OR link.

Design/methodology/approach

This study proposes that firms’ entrepreneurial initiatives in terms of innovativeness, proactiveness and risk-taking significantly affect their responsiveness. Competitive intensity and technological turbulence moderate the EO and OR relationship. Using hierarchical regression analysis, the authors analyze the data generated from a sample of 164 small-and-medium enterprises in the USA.

Findings

The findings show that entrepreneurial initiatives are instrumental in responding to market requirements, which in turn results in superior performance. The authors also find that the interactive effects of innovativeness/risk-taking and competitive intensity are significant and positive, while those of innovativeness/proactiveness and technological turbulence on responsiveness are significant but negative. These findings imply that OR is effective when the level of competitive intensity is high while technological turbulence is low.

Research limitations/implications

The authors conclude the paper by suggesting that entrepreneurial actions are pre-requisites for OR, which becomes effective only when the market experiences a moderate level of competition and a low level of technological change. The study provides implications for cross-functional research in the areas of entrepreneurship and operations management (OM) and also suggests future directions in this research stream.

Originality/value

Although responsiveness has been recognized as a critical competitive capability in the OM literature, its relationship with EO is not fully understood and has not been empirically tested. Moreover, the interplay between EO and competitive intensity/technological turbulence and their effects on effective OR have not been gauged in the past.
Cross section of stock returns on Shari’ah-compliant stocks: evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Shaikh Salman Ahmed , Ismail Mohd Adib , Ismail Abdul Ghafar , Shahimi Shahida , Mohd. Shafiai Muhammad Hakimi
Published: June 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to study the cross section of expected returns on Shari’ah-compliant stocks in Pakistan by using single- and multi-factor asset pricing models.

Design/methodology/approach

To estimate cross section of expected returns of Shari’ah-compliant stocks, the study uses capital asset pricing model (CAPM), Fama-French three-factor model and Fama-French five-factor model. Data for the period 2001-2015 on 217 companies are used. For the market portfolio, PSX-100 and Dow Jones Islamic Index for Pakistan are used.

Findings

The study could not find empirical support for CAPM using Lintner (1965), Black et al. (1972) and Fama and Macbeth (1973) approach. Nonetheless, the relation between beta and returns is positive in up-market and negative in down-market. The results of Fama-French three-factor and five-factor models suggest that size premium is positive and significant for explaining the cross section of stock returns of small size stocks, whereas value premium is positive and significant for explaining the cross section of returns of high value stocks.

Practical implications

The results suggest that fund managers can use Shari’ah-compliant stocks for portfolio diversification and for offering specialized investments given the positive market excess returns and the existence of size and value premium on Shari’ah-compliant stocks.

Originality/value

This is the first study on Fama-French (2015) five-factor model for Islamic capital markets in Pakistan.
Do fundamental portfolios outperform in the MENA equity markets?
Authors: Abadi Rasha Tawfiq , Silva Florinda
Published: June 2019

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the performance of fundamental weighted portfolios (using sales, cash flows, dividends, book values and a composite of all these variables), an equal weighted portfolio and a smoothed cap-weighted (CW) portfolio in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) markets. The performance of these portfolios is compared with that of a CW portfolio for the period 2005 to 2015.

Design/methodology/approach

The portfolios are formed using different concentration levels, different construction schemes and different sub-regions. The performance is assessed using a large set of risk-adjusted performance measures, including more robust measures in the context of multi-factor models, such as the Fama and French (1993) three-factor model, the Fama and French (2015) five-factor model and a seven-factor model.

Findings

The results show that the fundamental portfolios, with the exception of the sales portfolio, underperform the CW portfolio using either the traditional or more robust risk-adjusted performance measures. The underperformance of the fundamental portfolios is found to be robust using different concentration levels, different construction schemes and different sub-regions. The results also show that the equal weighted portfolio outperforms the CW portfolio using traditional risk-adjusted measures. However, after controlling for additional risk factors, this outperformance disappears.

Practical implications

The failure of fundamental indexation in the emerging markets could help the researchers and the academics to search for the best weighting method that could be used as an alternative to the CW indexation method.

Originality/value

The results of the study add evidence to the debatable propositions on the performance of fundamental portfolios in emerging markets. Furthermore, the findings may help domestic and international investors, practitioners and decision-makers to deepen their knowledge in terms of the best portfolio construction scheme in the MENA region.
Support for smallholder farmers through Islamic instruments
Authors: Hossain Ishrat , Muhammad Aliyu Dahiru , Jibril Binta Tijjani , Kaitibie Simeon
Published: June 2019

Purpose

In societies with strong presence of Islam, Islamic instruments with more scope for fairness and equity can be innovatively harnessed to play an increasing role in the development process and poverty alleviation schemes. Poor smallholder farmers dominate agricultural production in many developing countries and contribute a significant portion of global food production. This paper aims to develop a scheme to improve poor smallholder farmers’ vulnerable financial situation through the application of Zakah and Salam contract, using Bangladesh as a case study. Secondary goals are to show the effect of the scheme on food security and relevance to Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors explore the existing traditional modes of financing available to poor smallholders, identify their challenges and propose an appropriate Islamic financing scheme.

Findings

With the Zakah-based Salam forward contract, the proposed scheme would procure food through Institutional Demand to offer interest free financing, fair price and access to new marketing channels and reduce income uncertainty for the rural smallholders. The discussions indicate that the local food security will be enhanced through incentivized farming activities and disbursement of food from the food bank to the Zakah-eligible food insecure local people.

Research limitations/implications

This proposal brings forth a potentially powerful idea that needs further empirical validation.

Originality/value

The religion-based Institutional Demand initiative to promote smallholder agricultural development and social protection is a novel one. The attempt to apply the framework to Nigeria context shows the potential of the framework to generalize for other Muslim developing countries with similar characteristics, especially the poorer agriculture-based countries.
Building institutional legitimacy in impact investing
Authors: Lehner Othmar M. , Harrer Theresia , Quast Madeleine
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Impact investing denominates an investment logic that combines social and environmental goals, financial returns as well as personal values. The purpose of this paper is to consider the concept of legitimacy to be an appropriate way to understand how actors in the impact investing market influence discourse in order to overcome the inherent liability of newness – based on hybrid institutional logics – through their financial and non-financial communication.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on two theoretically defined sets of codes, a thematic discourse analysis is conducted by analysing meaningful units derived from documents produced by case-selected actors in the impact investing industry, which are then categorised into rhetorical strategies for legitimacy building.

Findings

The paper finds that actors use diverse legitimisation strategies based on their relative positioning in the impact investing market. These strategies determine the actors’ main discursive foci and, in turn, are affected by the overall organisational activities, governance and mission. This study proposes and discusses eight legitimacy creating strategies of relevant archetypes of impact investing actors in their financial and non-financial communication. Following these interconnected discursive engagements, a communication gap can be demonstrated between investors, intermediaries and social entrepreneurs.

Originality/value

Such discursive engagement gaps can provide a theoretical lens to explain the almost non-functional market and, as practical implications, show the need for convergence and harmonisation in financial and non-financial reports and communiques. This research further contributes to theory by providing insights into the discursive creation of legitimacy, and by promoting a better understanding of the emerging field of impact investing.
Interactive visualization of big data in the field of accounting
Authors: Perkhofer Lisa Maria , Hofer Peter , Walchshofer Conny , Plank Thomas , Jetter Hans-Christian
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Big Data introduces high amounts and new forms of structured, unstructured and semi-structured data into the field of accounting and this requires alternative data management and reporting methods. Generating insights from these new data sources highlight the need for different and interactive forms of visualization in the field of visual analytics. Nonetheless, a considerable gap between the recommendations in research and the current usage in practice is evident. In order to understand and overcome this gap, a detailed analysis of the status quo as well as the identification of potential barriers for adoption is vital. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey with 145 business accountants from Austrian companies from a wide array of business sectors and all hierarchy levels has been conducted. The survey is targeted toward the purpose of this study: identifying barriers, clustered as human-related and technological-related, as well as investigating current practice with respect to interactive visualization use for Big Data.

Findings

The lack of knowledge and experience regarding new visualization types and interaction techniques and the sole focus on Microsoft Excel as a visualization tool can be identified as the main barriers, while the use of multiple data sources and the gradual implementation of further software tools determine the first drivers of adoption.

Research limitations/implications

Due to the data collection with a standardized survey, there was no possibility of dealing with participants individually, which could lead to a misinterpretation of the given answers. Further, the sample population is Austrian, which might cause issues in terms of generalizing results to other geographical or cultural heritages.

Practical implications

The study shows that those knowledgeable and familiar with interactive Big Data visualizations indicate high perceived ease of use. It is, therefore, necessary to offer sufficient training as well as user-centered visualizations and technological support to further increase usage within the accounting profession.

Originality/value

A lot of research has been dedicated to the introduction of novel forms of interactive visualizations. However, little focus has been laid on the impact of these new tools for Big Data from a practitioner’s perspective and their needs.
Coopetition and innovation. Lessons from worker cooperatives in the Spanish machine tool industry
Authors: Basterretxea Imanol , Charterina Jon , Landeta Jon
Published: June 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate how the implementation of the inter-cooperation principle among Spanish machine-tool cooperatives helps them to coopete–collaborate with competitors, in their innovation and internationalization processes and achieve collaborative advantages.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper uses a multi-case approach based on interviews with 15 CEOs and research and development (R&D) managers, representing 14 Spanish machine tool firms and institutions. Eight of these organizations are worker-cooperatives.

Findings

Worker-cooperatives achieve advantages on innovation and internationalization via inter-cooperation (shared R&D units, joint sales offices, joint after-sale services, knowledge exchange and relocation of key R&D technicians and managers). Several mutual bonds and ties among cooperatives help to overcome the risk of opportunistic behaviour and knowledge leakage associated to coopetition. The obtained results give some clues explaining to what extent and under which conditions coopetitive strategies of cooperatives are transferable to other types of ownership arrangements across sectors.

Practical implications

Firms seeking cooperation with competitors in their R&D and internationalization processes can learn from the coopetitive arrangements analyzed in the paper.

Social implications

Findings can be valuable for sectoral associations and public bodies trying to promote coopetition and alliances between competitors as a means to benefit from collaborative advantages.

Originality/value

Focussing on an “ideal type” of co-operation–cooperative organizations – and having access to primary sources, the paper shows to what extent (and how) strong coopetitive structures and processes foster innovation and internationalization.
Smart service experience in hospitality and tourism services
Authors: Kabadayi Sertan , Ali Faizan , Choi Hyeyoon , Joosten Herm , Lu Can
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to offer a discussion, definition and comprehensive conceptualization of the smart service experience, i.e. the way guests and customers in hospitality and tourism experience and value the use of personalized and pro-active services that the intelligent use of data and technology enable.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on prior research on service experience, smart services and the differences between regular and smart services, this paper develops a conceptual framework in which the smart service experience is the central construct.

Findings

The characteristics of smart services (the intelligent, anticipatory, and adaptable use of data and technology) permit customers to experience services that previous conceptualizations of the service experience could not capture. The smart service experience provides empowerment, a seamless experience, enjoyment, privacy and security, and accurate service delivery. The paper also discusses challenges that service firms face in employing smart services, and proposes a future research agenda.

Practical implications

Both academics and practitioners expect smart services to revolutionize many industries such as tourism and hospitality. Therefore, research is needed to help understand the way customers experience smart services, what values they derive from them and the way service firms can employ them sensibly to enhance customers’ experiences.

Originality/value

This paper synthesizes insights from the literature on customer experience, smart services and co-creation into a conceptualization of the smart service experience, and distinguishes it from previous conceptualizations of regular services.
Creating innovation that drives authenticity
Authors: Keiningham Timothy Lee , He Zeya , Hillebrand Bas , Jang Jichul , Suess Courtney , Wu Laurie
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between innovation and authenticity by developing a conceptual framework that illuminates the key constructs.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper adopts a common perspective – the customer – for both innovation and authenticity. A conceptual framework identifying the roles of centrality and distinctiveness in the innovation–authenticity relationship is developed and justified based upon prior research regarding brand extensions and authenticity.

Findings

The innovation–authenticity relationship can be visualized and managed using two constructs: centrality and distinctiveness. Centrality is proposed to have a positive relationship, whereas distinctiveness is proposed to have a non-linear (inverted-U) relationship.

Originality/value

The paper contributes a new conceptualization of the innovation–authenticity–loyalty relationship. It applies C–D Mapping in a completely new way to provide managerially relevant visualization of customers’ perceptions of a new innovation vis-à-vis the parent brand to guide strategic decision making. The paper also suggests areas for further research to improve our understanding of successful innovation–authenticity alignment.
A framework for sustainable service system configuration
Authors: Van Riel Allard C.R. , Zhang Jie J. , McGinnis Lee Phillip , Nejad Mohammad G. , Bujisic Milos , Phillips Paul A.
Published: June 2019

Purpose

While innovative service systems may create substantial value for certain stakeholders, they often destroy value for others. This value paradox frequently leads to unsustainable service systems. The purpose of this paper is to explore the use of multiple theories to pinpoint and explain these value paradoxes, build a framework allowing potentially more sustainable value configuration of service systems and develop an agenda for future research. The framework is illustrated with examples from the hospitality industry.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper draws on prevalent theories and approaches, including service-dominant logic, business modeling, transaction cost economics, stakeholder theory, configuration theory and set theory, to develop a value configuration framework.

Findings

In a service system, the configuration of resources and relationships between these resources (i.e. the set of value propositions for various stakeholders of the system) determines which stakeholders will gain and which will lose and to what extent. For that reason, insight into the range of possible service configurations – or business models – will help decision makers consider the effects on various stakeholders, and, where possible, set their priorities right and make their businesses more sustainable. The research produces a rich research agenda.

Research limitations/implications

Examples from hospitality allow an in-depth examination of a range of dynamic configurational and technological innovations, but some idiosyncratic characteristics of the context may impede the wider applicability of the conceptual framework. Future research could complement this work by studying other service sectors.

Practical implications

The paper aims to provide decision makers in the service industry with a conceptual tool to explore, diagnose and, if needed, adjust the value configuration of their service operations. In practice, this tool may help explicate the service system configuration, thus helping managers determine their organizations’ desired positioning in terms of value creation and destruction, and to choose strategic directions by adapting configurations.

Social implications

Legislation and regulations are being adapted to various new service configurations. This paper attempts to – at least conceptually – distinguish different service configurations, allowing policy makers to identify the value trade-offs between stakeholders, including society at large.

Originality/value

Previous research focused primarily on value creation by innovative services and business models. Value creation for one stakeholder, however, could lead to value destruction for another. Taking this paradox into consideration may result in more open service ecosystems that explicitly consider sustainability and value implications in multiple dimensions and for a broader group of stakeholders.
Complaints on abortuses handling: policy recommendations for Hong Kong
Authors: Cheng Celine S.M. , Lau Amanda P.Y.
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to review cases about complaints of abortuses handling in Hong Kong, and to further propose policy recommendations to help comfort parents with respect and dignity toward abortuses.

Design/methodology/approach

There is a systematic review of articles/newspapers related to the practice and regulation of abortuses handling in Hong Kong and overseas countries. Also, point of views among stakeholders are selected from: newspapers, patients’ groups, Hong Kong SAR Government’s websites, radio programmes’ interviews, related organizations’ websites, blogs from legislative councilors and lawyers.

Findings

Since parents suffered from miscarriage before 24 weeks’ pregnancy are increasingly willing to share their experiences and struggled for arranging a legal funeral for their children, Hong Kong SAR Government is able to understand these parents’ needs and hence set up more “Angel Garden” in both the public and the private cemeteries. Yet, the provision of funeral and cremation services are still not comprehensive. Existing measures from Mainland China and overseas countries to handle abortuses and to provide support for parents are analyzed. More critically, ethical concern on handling abortuses as one of the clinical wastes is further included in the discussion.

Originality/value

Although all less than 24 weeks’ fetuses cannot be given any Certificate of Stillbirth, respect and dignity can still be presented toward their parents by flexible regulation. After discussing the related measures on handling abortuses from other countries, some of their humane regulations are feasible to be applied to Hong Kong.
The informativeness of impression management − financial analysts and rhetorical style of CEO letters
Authors: Yan Beibei , Aerts Walter , Thewissen James
Published: June 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the informativeness of rhetorical impression management patterns of CEO letters and examines whether these rhetorical features affect financial analysts’ forecasting behaviour.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use textual analysis on a sample of 526 CEO letters of US firms and apply factor analysis on individual linguistic style measures to identify co-occurrence patterns of style features.

Findings

The authors identify three holistic style patterns (assertive acclaiming, cautious plausibility-based framing and logic-based rationalizing) and find that assertive rhetorical feature in CEO letters is negatively related with the dispersion of financial analysts’ earnings forecasts and positively associated with earnings forecast accuracy. CEOs’ use of a rationalizing rhetorical pattern tends to decrease the dispersion of financial analysts’ earnings, whereas a cautious plausibility-based rhetorical position is only marginally instrumental in getting more accurate earnings predictions.

Practical implications

Whilst impression management communication is often theorized as manipulative and void of real information content, the findings suggest that impression management serves both self-presentation and information-sharing purposes.

Originality/value

This paper elaborates on the co-occurrence of style characteristics in management communication and is a first attempt to validate the external ramifications of holistic style profiles of corporate narratives by focusing on an economic target audience.
The early bird catches the retirement savings
Authors: Rey-Ares Lucía , Fernández-López Sara , Vivel-Búa María Milagros , Lado-Sestayo Rubén
Published: June 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate whether individuals’ planning horizon influences their decision to save privately for their retirement.

Design/methodology/approach

Focussing on Spain, this empirical research uses the fifth wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE)[1]. Logit models are estimated considering variables related to demographic characteristics, economic situation, education and cognitive abilities and psychological and social factors.

Findings

The results confirm that the planning horizon significantly influences the decision to save for retirement. Long-term planners are more likely to save for retirement than short-term planners.

Originality/value

Although previous literature has identified the planning horizon as a relevant variable in the decision to save for retirement, few empirical studies have evaluated their impact. This paper shows that it is important to develop habits of financial planning in societies, especially in societies with a prominent orientation towards the present.
Elucidating the ecological networks in stone‐dwelling microbiomes
Authors: Louati Moussa , Ennis Nathaniel J. , Ghodhbane‐Gtari Faten , Hezbri Karima , Sevigny Joseph L. , Fahnestock Maria F. , Cherif‐Silini Hafsa , Bryce Julia G. , Tisa Louis S. , Gtari Maher
Published: June 2019

Stone surfaces are extreme environments that support microbial life. This microbial growth occurs despite unfavourable conditions associated with stone including limited sources of nutrients and water, high pH and exposure to extreme variations in temperature, humidity and irradiation. These stone‐dwelling microbes are often resistant to extreme environments including exposure to desiccation, heavy metals, UV and Gamma irradiation. Here, we report on the effects of climate and stone geochemistry on microbiomes of Roman stone ruins in North Africa. Stone microbiomes were dominated by Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria but were heavily impacted by climate variables that influenced water availability. Stone geochemistry also influenced community diversity, particularly through biologically available P, Mn and Zn. Functions associated with photosynthesis and UV protection were enriched in the metagenomes, indicating the significance of these functions for community survival on stones. Core members of the stone microbial communities were also identified and included Geodermatophilaceae, Rubrobacter, Sphingomonas and others. Our research has helped to expand the understanding of stone microbial community structure and functional capacity within the context of varying climates, geochemical properties and stone conditions.
Victor Turner and The ritual process
Authors: Kapferer Bruce
Published: June 2019

Victor Turner’s The ritual process is discussed as articulating a general sociological theory, a practice theory, concerning the dynamics of continuity and change methodologically grounded in the analysis of rites that address moments of sociocultural and personal existential crisis. The significance of Turner’s development from the work of Arnold van Gennep (rather than Durkheim) is considered in relation to the ongoing contemporary importance of Turner’s intervention across disciplines and in relation to the existential crises that humanity faces.
Hyperstructure, hierarchy and humanitas in Olympic ritual
Authors: MACALOON JOHN J.
Published: June 2019

The Olympic victory ceremony is a globally familiar and highly stable ritual form of the world system of nation states. In this article, the medal ceremony is placed within the overarching Olympic ritual process, and its evocative power is attributed to its symbolic treatment of the relationship between Individual, National and Human identities in modern worlds. The ritual asserts and performs the compatibility of these identities in the face of all the horrific counter‐evidence of the 20th century and today; it presents a very specific strategy for symbolically handling exclusionary nationalism.
In permanent transition: Multiple temporalities of communitas in the Enawenê‐nawê ritual everyday
Authors: NAHUM‐CLAUDEL CHLOE
Published: June 2019

This article extends Turner’s central idea about the dialectic between communitas and structure, which he understood to generate social and historical dynamics across cultures. For Turner, this tended to be a story of temporal alternation and the constitutive instability of social structures which are always being potentially undone by communitas. In this article, the author starts from the premise that Enawenê‐nawê society is hyperstructured – like other central Brazilian societies made famous by Lévi‐Strauss and others – and that as such, it also needs a heavy dose of communitas. The article is about the nested temporal scales at which communitas interacts with structure. It argues that the Enawenê‐nawê have achieved permanent communitas – an egalitarian social structure – by living in a permanent state of transition.
Cadaveric evaluation of sternal reconstruction using the pectoralis muscle flap
Authors: O'Keeffe Nick , Concannon Elizabeth , Stanley Alanna , Dockery Peter , McInerney Niall , Kelly Jack L.
Published: June 2019

Background

Deep sternal wound infection is a significant complication of open cardiac surgery associated with increased mortality and morbidity. The use of muscle flaps, such as the pectoralis major advancement flap, in deep sternal wound infection reconstruction reduces hospital stay and mortality. However, the lower end of the sternum is remote from the vascular supply and cover is therefore problematic in many cases.

Methods

This study aimed to determine the distance (cm) and surface area (cm2) of sternum covered when the pectoralis major muscle is sequentially dissected from the sternocostal origin and humeral insertion using 10 cadaveric specimens.

Results

The largest proportion of sternum was covered when both the origin and insertion were divided, allowing the flap to be islanded on its vascular pedicle. There was a statistically significant difference when the pectoralis major was divided from the origin and insertion compared to division of the origin alone (P < 0.01). The average area covered with sternocostal origin division alone was 55.43 cm2 compared to 85.36 cm2 after division of both the origin and insertion.

Conclusion

Division of both the sternocostal origin and humeral insertion of the pectoralis major muscle represents an effective means to increase sternal coverage. This study describes the average distance and area covered by sliding pectoralis major muscle advancement flaps. These measurements could better inform plastic surgeons when evaluating reconstructive options in sternal defects.
The British Pharmacological Society's WDM Paton Memorial Lecture 2019: How doctors were informed about pharmaceutical products through advertising in the British Medical Journal from 1955/6 to 1985/6
Authors: Aronson Jeffrey K. , Green A. Richard
Published: June 2019

We have reviewed pharmaceutical advertisements in every available issue of the British Medical Journal (BMJ) in 12‐month periods during 1955/6, 1965/6, 1975/6, and 1985/6. We have determined the amount of advertising, the therapeutic areas covered, and whether adverts reflected the large number of New Chemical Entities (NCEs) launched during that time. For each product we recorded the therapeutic indications, the marketing company, and the number of adverts appearing. The total number of products advertised fell from 340 in 1955/6 to 260 in 1965/6, 70 in 1975/6, and 16 in 1985/6. Advertisement numbers and companies advertising also fell. Antimicrobial drugs and cardiovascular drugs were the top products advertised over the 30 years, with respiratory, analgesic, and gastrointestinal drugs also in the top five. The number of different drugs advertised by individual companies fell from around eight per company in 1955/6 to one or two in 1985/6. There was good concordance between the most advertised therapeutic areas and NCEs entering the market. From the 1950s to the 1980s prescribers were extensively informed about pharmacological advances in therapeutics through BMJ advertisements. Many novel drugs that were advertised proved to be of lasting value. The Medicines Act 1968 introduced product licensing, regulations requiring demonstration of quality, efficacy, and safety, and restrictions on advertising. Subsequently many companies reduced their advertising or stopped altogether. Since advertising influences prescribing, and since antimicrobial drugs were the most commonly advertised products during 1955–86, we speculate that advertising, resulting in excess use, may have, at least partly, driven bacterial drug resistance.
Practically wise ethical decision‐making: An ethnographic application to the UNE‐Millicom merger
Authors: Díez Gómez David Andrés , Rodríguez Córdoba María del Pilar
Published: June 2019

Integrated approaches in the ethical decision‐making (EDM) and practically wise decision‐making literature are emerging as alternative perspectives to management theories that conceptualize decision‐making in a rationalist and value‐free manner. However, more dialogue between both perspectives and qualitative research that applies them is required. In addition, there is a need for empirical analysis on business engagement in the face of grand challenges in developing countries. This paper proposes an integrated practically wise EDM framework to study how Colombian councilors who, in 2013, voted for or against the merger between the Colombian state‐owned company UNE and the Swedish multinational Millicom interpret this decision and its public impact. Qualitative semi‐structured interviews were conducted with a voluntary sample of 18 of 21 councilors. Supporters of the UNE‐Millicom merger expressed open‐mindedness, seeing the merger as a means to achieve justice. On the contrary, the merger’s opponents expressed circumspection, doubting that Millicom’s intentions really leaned toward justice. We conclude that practical wisdom—embodied by both supporters and detractors—fosters an understanding of EDM beyond what leaders should not do. It also includes a democratic and balanced deliberation on what leaders think they should do to promote the common good.
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of target water‐soluble hydroxamic acid‐based HDACi derivatives as prodrugs
Authors: Li Jun , Zhu Yedan , Xie Miaohong , Zhang Qian , Du Wenting
Published: June 2019

Four compounds T1, T2, T3, and T4 were designed and synthesized as Vorinostat and Belinostat derivatives being the target water‐soluble prodrugs. The water solubility of Vorinostat derivatives, T1 and T2, exhibited 400‐ to 600‐fold higher than that of Vorinostat, and Belinostat derivatives, T3 and T4, showed 600‐ to 750‐fold higher than that of Belinostat. Four compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against tumor cell lines HT‐29 and Hut‐78 in the absence or presence of β‐D‐glucuronidase. The inhibitory effects of T1 and T2 were comparable to Vorinostat in the presence of β‐D‐glucuronidase, but were higher than 10 μM in the absence of β‐D‐glucuronidase. Therefore, T1 and T2 are promising candidates for in vivo investigations with high potential to be the target water‐soluble prodrugs. IC50 values of Belinostat derivatives T3 and T4 were not affected by β‐D‐glucuronidase, but T3 and T4 had the excellent cell proliferation inhibition on Hut‐78.