bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Practice makes perfect: Using simulation to build and assess competency in bone marrow biopsy for heme/onc fellows.
Authors: Rosenstein Lori J.
Published: June 2024

9042

Background: The American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) requires that Hematology/Oncology fellows demonstrate competence in bone marrow biopsies (BMB). However, offers no guidance in assessment methods. Neither the "see one, do one, teach one" nor the "complete 5 procedures" approach is sufficient to ensure competency. As this is a potentially painful procedure that requires knowledge of landmarks, simulation in a safe environment is an ideal way to introduce BMB to trainees. In 2015, we started a simulation program to teach fellows how to perform BMB using a cadaver pelvis, and assess their BMB competency. Methods: The Hematology Oncology Fellowship Program at Gundersen Health System holds a half-day simulation for our 6 fellows each July. We begin with a self-evaluation of current skills, using an 8-question pre-test. We then view a demonstration video, pausing to discuss key learning points. Fellows are given a detailed check list of the steps of the procedure. They then experiment with the tools of the procedure and practice sterile technique. We discuss the indications, contraindications, consent, and the procedure itself. For part two, fellows are divided into two groups, each consisting of a first year (F1), second year (F2), and third year (F3) fellow. A cadaver pelvis is used as the model and is positioned in a prone position. Each team is assigned a side of the pelvis. The F3 demonstrates the procedure from start to finish while the F2 and staff assesses competency and the F1 follows with the procedure check list. Once the F3 has completed the procedure and is deemed "competent" they become the leader of the session for their team. F1s can practice as many times as desired, under the guidance of the F2 and F3. F2s also have a chance to refine their skills. After the simulation is complete, fellows repeat the self-evaluation, and we debrief. Results: 44 fellows completed the simulation (F1=16, F2=14, F3=14). Questions for the pre- and post-tests were ranked on a 5-point Likert Scale of strongly agree (1) to strongly disagree (5). F1s had the worst self-assessment prior to the procedure, with a mean score of 2.4 for all questions. However, their post-test self-assessment improved to 1.6. F2s started at 1.5 and improved to 1.1 after the simulation. F3s started at 1.2 and improved to 1.0. All fellows answered that this was a useful exercise and should be continued. Comments were consistently positive, speaking to the importance of a check list, the relaxed atmosphere, and having senior fellows teach the junior fellows. Conclusions: BMB simulation allows for a low-stakes introduction to a stressful procedure, while promoting a team approach to learning. It also gives an opportunity to verify competence for graduating fellows. Fellows self-reported improvement following the session as well as from year to year. Fellows value this learning experience and look forward to it each year.
Analysis of hematology-oncology fellowship match outcomes (2007-2022) and cross-subspecialty comparisons: A retrospective cohort study.
Authors: Ingawale Sushrut , Abbagoni Vaidarshi , Verma Abhiroop , Regelmann David , Kollipara Praveen
Published: June 2024

9044

Background: The four most sought-after fellowships following Internal Medicine, by volume, are: Hematology-Oncology (HO), Cardiovascular (CV), Gastroenterology (GI), and Pulmonology-Critical Care (PC). This analysis assesses the trends in match outcomes for HO compared to other fellowships, including subset National Residency Match Program (NRMP) outcomes based on applicant types [United States (US) and non-US medical graduates (MDs)]. Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzes applicants who applied to HO, CV, GI, or PC fellowships for 2007-2022. The analysis is based on publicly available NRMP data for this time. Metrics analyzed include: number of applicants per position, number and type of applicants, number and type of successfully matched applicants, and, corresponding match rates (MR) within each subspecialty. Using the chi-square test, this analysis compared match outcomes between different applicant types. Results: Out of total 55,604 applicants, the distribution across subspecialties was as follows: HO (12,006), CV (19,950), GI (11,693), and PC (11,955). Despite the apparent differences in the total number of applicants for different subspecialties, the number of applicants per position was not statistically significantly different, and decreased from 2007 to 2022 for all subspecialties except PC (+6.7%). As the number of applicants increased, the number of available positions also increased to a substantially higher degree. In 2008, MR ranged from 50-64% across subspecialties, gradually increasing over the years, with HO achieving the highest MR at 73.5% in 2022, compared to PC at 60.7%. USMD graduates consistently had higher MRs compared to non-USMDs (p<0.001) across all subspecialties. Despite this persistent gap over the study's duration, this difference progressively narrowed across all subspecialties, with HO representing the lowest difference (22.1%) and GI the highest (37.2%) in match rates for 2022. Conclusions: The HO fellowship exhibited the highest match rates, closely followed by CV. The proportional increase in HO, CV and GI positions in response to the growing applicants has led to a reduction in the applicants per position, unlike in PC. HO fellowship consistently stands out with the lowest MR disparity among USMDs and non-USMDs. This may represent successful efforts towards equity, diversity and inclusion among programs. [Table: see text]
Hematology/oncology fellowship programs’ instagram presence.
Authors: Greenberg Max , Ssentongo Paddy , Mattikalli Shivani , Tomasulo Emily , Desai Parth Anil , Perimbeti Stuthi , Komiya Takefumi , Rakszawski Kevin
Published: June 2024

9047

Background: Since the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, applicants and programs have transitioned to virtual platforms as a surrogate for in-person visits. Social media provides insight into trainees’ experiences, wellness, medical education, and life outside the hospital. Instagram has been reported as the preferred platform and a majority of applicants note that social media content could change their perception of a program.1 Due to the emergence of social media in fellowship recruitment, no studies have analyzed the relationship between Instagram content and hematology/oncology fellowship programs’ perception. Methods: The American Medical Association Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database was used to identify and categorize programs as either community-based (CB), community-based academic affiliated (CBAA), university-based (UB), military, and other. For programs with Instagram pages created prior to 2023, the posts from 2022 were subjectively classified into one of two categorizes, either “Medical Education” or “Fellow Life” based on the emphasis of the caption and image. “Medical Education” encompassed posts that promote education as well as academic accomplishments of trainees and faculty. “Fellow Life” included posts emphasizing culture, wellbeing, camaraderie, and social activities. Post from 2023 were analyzed for Instagram accounts created after 2022. The first image was used for posts containing multiple images. This was exempt from IRB review by Pennsylvania State University. Results: There are 183 accredited hematology/oncology fellowships programs; 60% (n=110) UB, 28% (n=52) CBAA, 9% (n=16) CB, 2% (n=4) others, and 0.5% (n=1) military. Of the 183 programs, 33 Instagram pages representing 18% of programs were identified (binomial test, p<0.0001), consisting of 70% (n=23) UB, 24% (n=8) CBAA, and 6% (n=2) CB. UB programs were significantly more likely to have an Instagram (Fisher’s exact test p<0.0001). Posts highlighting “Fellow Life” were significantly more frequent than those emphasizing “Medical Education” (Wilcoxon signed rank test, p = 0.001) (interquartile range: 65% (50-84%) vs. 36% (17-50%)). Conclusions: Despite the implementation of virtual interviews, an overwhelming majority of hematology/oncology fellowship programs do not have an Instagram page. Those with Instagram emphasize extracurricular wellbeing and culture, which is likely valuable to applicants. In this digital age, Instagram is not just a platform; it is a catalyst for connection, engagement, and decision-making in the hematology/oncology recruitment landscape. We advocate for a strategic embrace of Instagram, a balanced content mix highlighting academic and cultural facets, as a key recruitment strategy, reflecting the unique ethos of each program. Reference: 1. Oliver MG, Kelly K: Student Perceptions and Use of Social Media as Residency Program Information. Fam Med 54:380–383, 2022.
Realism’s Reputations, Financialized Whiteness
Authors: Huerta Monica
Published: June 2024

This essay uses the legal rearticulation of reputation as white heteropatriarchal property in an “Imperial Jim Crow” United States to piece apart the preoccupation with characters’ reputations in realist fiction. It focuses on two later-nineteenth-century arenas of what property theorist and legal scholar K-Sue Park has called the “generative dynamics” of racial capitalism: new markets in private commercial credit and the socio-legal (re)production of reputation. In so doing, the essay unearths realism’s invisiblized generic presupposition that the idea of reputations that help create modern literary characters are a neutral or self-evident category of experience.
Water Troubles: Peruvian Capitalists, Mining Infrastructure, and the First Copper Bonanza
Authors: Rubio Juan Manuel
Published: June 2024

This essay examines struggles over a water drainage tunnel as a window into the politics of mining, infrastructure, and national development in early twentieth-century Peru. It argues that the Peruvian mining elite operated as an organized network of entrepreneurs, mobilizing capital, environmental technology, and the power of the state to challenge the rising hegemony of US interests in Peru's copper corridor. Unlike the classic literature on nineteenth-century mining in Peru, which has presented Peruvian mineowners as a struggling bourgeoisie, this study focuses on this group's innovations and dynamism in the wake of the copper bonanza. It also studies its discursive strategies, which appealed to preexisting skepticism of free trade and anxieties about foreign influence. Altogether, this essay contributes to the literature on US imperialism and capitalist penetration by centering local actors and studying US hegemony as a contentious and contingent process.
Manuscript and the Human in Modern China
Authors: Estep Chloe
Published: June 2024

While the stylus, or handwriting instrument, is typically left out of narratives of technologization, this article details how manuscripts expressed modernity. By examining representations of pens and brushes in print media and cinema from the Republican and socialist eras, this article shows that the stylus served as a metonym for the changing status of the human in manuscript writing in the modern period. While earlier literary examples show that the brush and the human were understood to be commensurable, mutually resonant categories, rapid technological and political changes in the twentieth century led to increasing friction between the human and various forms of manuscript writing. This reevaluation of the relationship between writer and writing instrument began in the early twentieth century and resulted in anxiety over the introduction of mechanized forms of inscription into a human-centered writing process. Examples from Maoist cinema in the latter half of the twentieth century show the replacement of this anxiety with attempts to integrate manuscript writing into socialist modernity through the displacement of the writing subject.
How We Write Now
Authors: Nash Jennifer C.
Published: June 2024

In How We Write Now Jennifer C. Nash examines how Black feminists use beautiful writing to allow writers and readers to stay close to the field’s central object and preoccupation: loss. She demonstrates how contemporary Black feminist writers and theorists such as Jesmyn Ward, Elizabeth Alexander, Christina Sharpe, and Natasha Trethewey mobilize their prose to ask readers to feel, undo, and reassemble themselves. These intimate invitations are more than a set of tools for decoding the social world; Black feminist prose becomes a mode of living and feeling, dreaming and being, and a distinctly affective project that treats loss as not only paradigmatic of Black life but also an aesthetic question. Through her own beautiful writing, Nash shows how Black feminism offers itself as a companion to readers to chart their own lives with and in loss, from devastating personal losses to organizing around the movement for Black lives. Charting her own losses, Nash reminds us that even as Black feminist writers get as close to loss as possible, it remains a slippery object that troubles memory and eludes capture.
The Impacts of Physician Payments on Patient Access, Use, and Health
Authors: Alexander Diane , Schnell Molly
Published: June 2024

We examine how supply-side health insurance generosity affects patient access, use, and health. Exploiting large, exogenous changes in Medicaid reimbursement rates for physicians, we find that increasing payments for new patient office visits reduces reports of providers turning away beneficiaries: closing the gap in payments between Medicaid and private insurers would reduce more than half of disparities in access among adults and would eliminate such disparities among children. We further find that higher physician reimbursement leads to more office visits, better self-reported health, and reduced school absenteeism among the program’s beneficiaries. (JEL G22, H51, I11, I13, I18, I38, J44)
Contribution to the forecast skill of meteorological and air pollution numerical predictions at mesoscale and urban scale with post-processing algorithms
Authors: Παππά Αρετή
Published: June 2024

Σημαντικές επιστημονικές και τεχνoλoγικές ανακαλύψεις τον περασμένο αιώνα επέτρεψαν την ποσοτικοποίηση της αβεβαιότητας σε ασταθή μη γραμμικά δυναμικά συστήματα, όπως η ατμόσφαιρα. Οι πολύπλοκες ατμοσφαιρικές διεργασίες, όπως η μεταφορά ενέργειας, οι χημικές αλληλεπιδράσεις όπως η δυναμική των ατμοσφαιρικών φαινομένων, έχουν επιτυχώς προσομοιωθεί από τα αριθμητικά μοντέλα πρόγνωσης καιρού. Η ικανότητα αυτών των μοντέλων να αναπαριστούν με ακρίβεια φαινόμενα σε διάφορες κλίμακες, από την μικροκλίμακα μέχρι την παγκόσμια κλίμακα, τα έχει καθιερώσει ως θεμελιώδες εργαλείο στις ατμοσφαιρικές επιστημονικές μελέτες. Ο κρίσιμος ρόλος τους έχει προσανατολίσει το επιστημονικό ενδιαφέρον και την έρευνα προς την κατεύθυνση της βελτίωσης της ακρίβειας των αριθμητικών προβλέψεων. Αυτό συνεπάγεται τη βελτίωση των αριθμητικών μοντέλων πρόγνωσης καιρού για μια πιο λεπτομερή αναπαράσταση των ατμοσφαιρικών διεργασιών καθώς και την εφαρμογή προηγμένων στατιστικών μεθόδων για τη βελτίωση των αποτελεσμάτων των μοντέλων. Αυτή η διπλή προσέγγιση - η προώθηση της πολυπλοκότητας των μοντέλων και η ανάπτυξη ισχυρών στατιστικών τεχνικών - έχει συμβάλει καθοριστικά στην αύξηση της ακρίβειας και της αξιοπιστίας της πρόγνωσης καιρού. Το αντικείμενο αυτής της διατριβής εστιάζει στην ανάπτυξη και αξιολόγηση προηγμένων στατιστικών τεχνικών με σκοπό την ενίσχυση της ακρίβειας των αριθμητικών προβλέψεων προβλέψεων για τον καιρό και την ποιότητα του αέρα. Αυτές οι προσεγγίσεις στοχεύουν στην αντιμετώπιση των εγγενών αβεβαιοτήτων στη μοντελοποίηση του καιρού και της ποιότητας του αέρα, διορθώνοντας σφάλματα στα αποτελέσματα των αριθμητικών μοντέλων, παρουσιάζοντας μια ολοκληρωμένη μεθοδολογία για τη βελτίωση των προβλέψεων σε αυτούς τους ζωτικούς τομείς. Το πρωταρχικό βήμα για τον σκοπό αυτό, είναι η ολοκληρωμένη αξιολόγηση της ακρίβειας και της αποτελεσματικότητας των αριθμητικών προβλέψεων καιρού και ποιότητας του αέρα. Στη συνέχεια, γίνεται η αξιολόγηση της επίδρασης των ανακριβειών στις μετεωρολογικές προβλέψεις και στις προβλέψεις για την ποιότητα του αέρα. Η μελέτη ολοκληρώνεται με τη χρήση προηγμένων στατιστικών μεθόδων. Αυτές οι μέθοδοι περιλαμβάνουν φίλτρα μετα-επεξεργασίας, αναλυτικά βελτιστοποιημένες τεχνικές συνόλου πολλαπλών μοντέλων και δημιουργία νευρωνικών δικτύων, με στόχο την ενίσχυση της ακρίβειας των αριθμητικών προβλέψεων. Η ευελιξία αυτών των τεχνικών επεκτείνεται σε μια ποικιλία εφαρμογών, από τη βελτίωση των προβλέψεων για την ποιότητα του αέρα έως την υποστήριξη της παραγωγής ενέργειας από ανανεώσιμες πηγές.
Noémie Ndiaye. Scripts of Blackness: Early Modern Performance Culture and the Making of Race. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2022, and Emily Weissbourd. Bad Blood: Staging Race Between Early Modern England and Spain. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2023.
Authors: Andrea Bernadette
Published: June 2024

This review considers Noémie Ndiaye, Scripts of Blackness: Early Modern Performance Culture and the Making of Race, and Emily Weissbourd, Bad Blood: Staging Race Between Early Modern England and Spain.
Інноваційні процеси творення аксіологійних значень в українській лінгвокультурі: проєкція на антропоніми та їхні похід
Authors: Kovtun Oksana
Published: June 2024

Some changes connected with sociolinguistic factors, in particular, the Russian-Ukrainian war, that are taking place in the Ukrainian vocabulary are characterized. The trends of rethinking anthroponyms and their derivatives, which, thanks to the linguistic creativity of Ukrainians, are widespread in modern Ukrainian media discourse and recorded in dictionaries of new words and meanings, as carriers of evaluatively marked meanings and senses, are highlighted. The lexical structure of the Ukrainian language is being updated on the basis of the innovative word formation processes system.
La protección social y las políticas activas de empleo de la población vulnerable: un estudio comparado entre Francia y España.
Authors: Vicente Vicente María José , Valmorisco Pizarro Segundo
Published: June 2024

Los colectivos vulnerables son objeto de estudio recurrente en la investigación académica sobre protección social. La reciente crisis de la COVID, al igual que ocurriera con la crisis de 2008, nos muestra que el acceso al mundo laboral sigue siendo difícil para muchos grupos en riesgo de exclusión. El impacto de esta reciente crisis mundial en ellos ha hecho que se preste especial atención a los sistemas de protección social. En este artículo, se repasan las diferentes políticas puestas en marcha para hacer más accesible el mercado de trabajo y permitir su inclusión sociolaboral. Basándonos en textos legales y programas gubernamentales, se comparan las medidas de protección de estos grupos en el contexto del acceso al empleo en España y Francia, analizando tanto las políticas activas y pasivas como las medidas de protección social puestas en marcha en el contexto del acceso al empleo de ambos países
Specyfika miasta a tworzenie świadomości regionalnej
Authors: Król Remigiusz
Published: June 2024

The author of the study entitled The Specificity of a City and the Creation of Regional Awareness captures the problem of a city in the thought and cultural awareness of modern civilisation and touches upon the essential components of the visual experience in the urban space arrangement. The author refers to the characteristic features of thinking about the city, associated with all kinds of historical and contemporary ‘utopias’. Then he discusses utopian phenomena occurring in the urban city space. The author emphasises that a detailed analysis of the city makes it possible for us to read the world of values in the historical, utopian, and ideal aspects. Moreover, he proves that thanks to in-depth investigations we can see the self-contained world of values and the superior goals of the city connected with social communication, urban projects and dialogue in the individual, personal and subjective dimensions of communication. According to the author, the city is associated with rich, multiple, and diverse forms of existence, inscribed in the European culture focused on dialogue and tolerance. The modern city has been included in the article as open to a new world of values in the changing world. The author proves that pursuing beauty by great utopias has currently taken the form of modern kitsch. According to him, all this leads to the relativization of values and shows the whole inconsistency of changes present in the modern world.
Diagnostic value of multimodal cardiovascular imaging technology coupled with biomarker detection in elderly patients with coronary heart disease
Authors: Liu Xiaocheng , Li Yong , Li Weitian , Zhang Youtao , Zhang Shaolei , Ma Yongqing , Yang Fei , Zhu Yuexiang
Published: June 2024

Aims/Background Coronary heart disease is a common disease in the elderly and has a complex pathogenesis, which complicates the clinical diagnostic process. Thus, enhancing the diagnostic efficiency for coronary heart disease is imperative to improve the life expectancy of the elderly. This study aimed to explore the diagnostic value of multimodal cardiovascular imaging technology coupled with biomarker detection in elderly patients with coronary heart disease.

Methods The medical records of 421 patients with suspected coronary heart disease obtained from the geriatric department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from February 2020 to February 2023 were retrospectively analysed. After excluding 10 patients who did not meet the inclusion criteria, the remaining 411 patients were included in this study. The included subjects had undergone coronary computed tomography angiography and were divided into coronary heart disease group (n=208) and non-coronary heart disease group (n=203) according to the diagnostic results. Multimodal cardiovascular imaging (coronary computed tomography angiography and echocardiography) and detection of serum biomarkers such as small dense low-density lipoprotein, lipoprotein a, and gamma-glutamyl transferase were performed in both groups. The clinical indicators of the two groups were compared, and the combined diagnostic efficacy of multimodal cardiovascular imaging and biomarker detection was evaluated.

Results Compared to the non-coronary heart disease group, the coronary heart disease group had significantly higher levels of maximum area stenosis, total plaque volume, total plaque burden and fibrotic plaque volume (p < ..001), and lower left ventricular ejection fraction level (p < ..001). Additionally, the coronary heart disease group exhibited higher levels of left ventricular end-diastolic volume, left ventricular end-systolic volume and stroke volume than the non-coronary heart disease group (p < ..001), and had higher levels of small dense low-density lipoprotein, lipoprotein a and gamma-glutamyl transferase (p < ..001). Our results demonstrated that combined diagnosis had better diagnostic efficacy than individual approaches, marked by higher area under the curve and sensitivity of the former (p < ..001).

Conclusion Multimodal cardiovascular imaging technology combined with biomarker detection can distinctly improve the accuracy of coronary heart disease diagnosis in elderly patients.
Multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) gene mutation in dogs
Authors: Hart Katherine
Published: June 2024

The multidrug resistance (MDR1) gene mutation in the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) is an inherited condition most frequently observed in herding breeds. Dogs with the mutated gene are at risk of neurological toxicosis and life-threatening reactions if certain drugs are administered. Determining the MDR1 genotype of a dog via blood or buccal swab sampling will assist owners and veterinary professionals in understanding their risk of multidrug sensitivity. Some of the drugs known to be dangerous when administered to a dog with the mutation are used in everyday practice. To ensure patient safety, the student and registered veterinary nurse should have an understanding of this condition, particularly when dealing with the dog breeds at higher risk. This article aims to provide student and registered veterinary nurses with a comprehensive and logical analysis of the MDR1 gene mutation in dogs.
Visual Mnemonics and Gamification
Authors: Bland Tyler , Guo Meize
Published: June 2024

This learning representation is an innovative approach to teaching muscle physiology in a first-year medical school curriculum, utilizing assets from the Medimon game-based website. Medimon is a game designed to enhance students' preference and retention of medical concepts through interactive and visually engaging game contexts. The Medimon game experience allows students to (a) engage with characters representing various physiological components, (b) explore buildings designed to align with visual mnemonics, and (c) reinforce knowledge via game activities of muscle physiology, including muscle, cardiac, and smooth muscle structure and function. By leveraging the detailed visual mnemonics of the game, we implemented Medimon game assets into a presentation on muscle physiology to supplement existing presentation materials and promote long-term retention of muscle physiology.
Using Roblox to Explore Natural Selection
Authors: Balogun Aishat , Dehner Amber
Published: June 2024

This is part of a series of biology lessons that teach 9th to 12th graders about natural selection and uses the Roblox game to engage students. This lesson begins with a reminder to students about expectations and rules regarding appropriate use of technology, which can provide opportunities to explore scientific concepts in the virtual environment of Roblox. Students are expected to explore the Darwin postulates of natural selection using the examples provided. Then they discuss their findings with fellow students. This discussion is followed by an activity where students model evolution using previously created Roblox games. Next, students create their own Roblox game. This lesson concludes with students exchanging their finished games for others to explore.
SOROCONVERSÃO APÓS VACINAÇÃO CONTRA HEPATITE B ENTRE TRABALHADORES E TRABALHADORAS DE FEIRA DE SANTANA, BAHIA
Authors: Andressa Souza Oliveira  , Pedro Nascimento Prates Santos
Published: June 2024

Os trabalhadores da saúde estão frequentemente expostos a doenças ocupacionais em virtude, por exemplo, dos riscos biológicos devido ao contato diário com espécimes clínico como sangue e mucosas de indivíduos submetido aos seus cuidados que podem estar infectados.
Islamophobia in India and the Racial State
Authors: Kattiparambil Sheheen
Published: June 2024

This article focuses on the relationship between nation-making and the emergence of Islamophobia in India. Studies on anti-Muslim violence and Islamophobia in India either tend to dismiss the concept or limit its deployment by identifying it within the actions of Hindu nationalist groups situating their rise as an exception to India’s secular and multicultural trajectory. Premising on the idea that Islamophobia should be understood as the negation of Muslim political subjectivity this article argues that Hindutva is not an aberration. Rather, it is a continuation of the Indian nation-making project with the Muslim placed as the other of this project. Further, the article frames India as a racial state and this argument would include identifying its systemic nature by looking at the sections of the Indian constitutions and constituent assembly debates. Thus, the Indian state will be understood not as a mere facilitator but as an embodiment of Brahminical hegemony that generates racial conflict and divisions and attempts to exclude or eliminate Muslimness through homogenizing or marginalizing processes.
Hinduism and the Genealogy of Culture: Sovereignty, Religion, and Authority in India
Authors: Shajahan Muhammed Shah
Published: June 2024

The article is an attempt to unpack the famous “Hindutva verdict” of 1995, by specifically paying attention to the construction of culture and its relationship with Hinduism in India. The verdict opens up an avenue to think afresh about the relationship between the state and religion in the context of Hinduism, supporting me to argue that the question of (religious) authority for Hinduism is distinctly connected to secular sovereignty unlike in the case of Islam or Christianity. This in turn suggests that there is no authoritative distinction between Hinduism and Hindutva since these discourses are the products of the state’s ongoing effort to define Hinduism as the context demands. The practice of the state in authorizing acts, attitudes, norms, and sensibilities that are deemed Hindu is encased in the construct of culture and its various enunciations such as legal and rhetoric. One must attend to the genealogy of culture in order to understand the nature of authority in Hinduism as well as the form of sovereignty recognized and exercised in India.
Family Support of Older Caregivers: Factors Influencing Change in Quality of Life
Authors: Samuel Preethy Sarah , Marsack-Topolewski Christina N. , Janks Elizabeth , Raoufi Gelareh , Milberger Sharon
Published: June 2024

Understanding factors that can improve the quality of life (QOL) of older caregivers of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) is important in broadening participation in family empowerment interventions. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing the QOL of older caregivers (50+) of adults with IDD who participated in a peer-mediated state-wide family support project. The research study used a quasi-experimental research design grounded in the family quality of life (FQOL) framework, with pretest and posttest data gathered from 82 caregivers. Correlation and regression analyses were conducted to identify factors influencing changes in the QOL of study participants. Findings indicated that improvements in caregiver QOL after participating in the project could be explained by caregiver’s employment status, increased global FQOL, and decreased caregiver stress and depression.
"It starts on TikTok": Looping Effects and The Impact of Social Media on Psychiatric Terms
Authors: Chevalier Owen
Published: June 2024

Abstract: This paper examines the impact of TikTok on the public's understanding and engagement with psychiatric and psychological concepts. The rise of mental health-related content on social media has been linked to an increase in adults seeking a diagnosis of ADHD (Yeung et al., 2022). By reviewing a case study: the revision of the term "object permanence" from a developmental stage to an attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom, I argue that a looping effect, modeled after Hacking (1999), can explain the pattern of language revision for psychological terms on TikTok. Interviews with TikTok users provide preliminary evidence for this looping effect and the research is contextualized within the broader psychiatric discourse.
The Meaning(s) of Humiliation According to the Empirical Evidence
Authors: Rea Sandy , Mills Jane , Caltabiano Nerina , Dimmock James
Published: June 2024

Abstract: Despite the advances made in understanding the effects of humiliation, no univocal position regarding its meaning exists. Indeed, so indiscreet is its meaning, the emotion is commonly conflated with other related emotions such as shame, embarrassment, and anger. Employing a scoping review design, this review aimed to scope the empirical literature concerning the meaning of humiliation from the perspective of two definitional parameters: i) status, subsuming the values descriptive and prescriptive, and ii) format, subsuming the values intension and extension. CINAHL, EMBASE, EMCare, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and PubMed were searched for eligible studies. In total, twelve studies were synthesized in this review. Vis-à-vis status, seven studies were found to define humiliation prescriptively, and five, descriptively. Vis-à-vis format, seven studies defined humiliation intensionally, and five, extensionally. Accordingly, the meaning of humiliation varies in the literature. If further progress is to be made in humiliation studies, it is vital for researchers to be cognizant of the different meanings ascribed to humiliation.
COVID-19 vaccine attitudes among mental health professionals in the WHO’s global clinical practice network
Authors: Kogan Cary S. , Stein Dan J. , Garcia-Pacheco José A. , Rebello Tahilia J. , Montoya Madeline I. , Robles Rebeca , Khoury Brigitte , Kulygina Maya , Matsumoto Chihiro , Huang Jingjing , Medina-Mora María Elena , Gureje Oye , Sharan Pratap , Gaebel Wolfgang , Kanba Shigenobu , Andrews Howard F. , Roberts Michael C. , Pike Kathleen M. , Zhao Min , Ayuso-Mateos José Luis , Sadowska Karolina , Maré Karen , Denny Keith , Stroup T. Scott , Reed Geoffrey M.
Published: June 2024

Although COVID-19 vaccines have demonstrated efficacy, there is variability in health professionals’ attitudes towards these agents. Factors associated with mental health professionals’ attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination are not well understood. We investigated these factors by administering a newly developed measure, the COVID-19 Vaccine Attitudes Questionnaire (C-VAQ), to members of the World Health Organization’s Global Clinical Practice Network (GCPN) of mental health professionals. 1,931 GCPN members representing all world regions participated between July 28 and September 7, 2021. Mental health professionals’ attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination were assessed in one of five languages (Chinese, English, French, Japanese, Russian, or Spanish) using the C-VAQ. Internal consistency, factor structure, and predictive validity of the C-VAQ were examined, and a multiple-linear regression model was employed to assess C-VAQ score predictors, including sociodemographic variables (age, gender, WHO region, country income level, profession, and years of professional experience) as well as country mortality rate and the stringency of each country’s response to COVID-19. The C-VAQ demonstrated good internal consistency and external validity. Items loaded on to a single factor. Having received a COVID-19 vaccine, higher country mortality rate, and higher stringency index was significantly associated with more positive vaccine attitudes. Lower age, residing in a low-and-middle income country, and living in Asia were all was significantly associated with less positive vaccine attitudes. The C-VAQ scores were negatively correlated with the number of concerns about the COVID-19 vaccination. The C-VAQ was useful in demonstrating the extent to which additional work is needed to improve mental health professionals’ attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines globally. Relatively poorer attitudes toward vaccination among some mental health clinicians around the world suggests the need for broad, multi-pronged interventions.
Scientific production in sexual and reproductive health and rights research according to gender and affiliation: An analysis of publications from 1972 to 2021
Authors: Oliveira-Ciabati Livia , Thorson Anna , Brizuela Vanessa
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Peer-reviewed literature is commonly used to assess academic progress and research excellency. However, representation in authorship of global health publications is biased and unfair. In order to shed light on current gaps towards attaining gender equality in scientific production and shift power asymmetries in global health research, we conducted an assessment of authorship trends from 1972 to 2021 with a focus on gender and geographic representation in scientific articles authored or co-authored by researchers affiliated with UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP).

Methods

We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and HRP public reports for publications where at least one author was affiliated with HRP. Our main outcome measures were author gender and location of author affiliation, classified by region and country income group. We used descriptive statistics to characterize the publications under analysis as well as the total number of authors from the included papers. We applied a logistic regression model to explore associations between author gender and other characteristics of published articles and a time series analysis to assess how time can influence the inclusion of women as authors in a publication. Python and R were used for all analyses.

Results

A total of 1,484 publications with 14,424 listed authors representing 5,950 unique authors were included in our analysis: 42.5% were female, 35.1% male, and 22.4% unknown (p<0.0001). First authorship was more likely female (56.9%) and from a high-income country (74.6%, p<0.0001) while last authorship was mostly male (53.7%) also from a high-income country (82.5%, p<0.0001). Females more frequently published papers using qualitative data (61.4%) and reviews/estimates (59.4%) while men published more case control (70.7%) and randomised controlled studies (53.0%), p<0.0001. The adjusted odds of there being a female author increased 4% for every additional year that passed.

Conclusion

While there are more females authoring articles as compared to the past, they are still lagging behind with regards to seniority and prestige. Likewise, female representation is closely tied to what institution they are affiliated with and where that institution is located. Global health research institutions need to actively promote change by ensuring women are included in research and research outputs, giving them opportunities to lead.
The contribution of birth plans to shared decision-making from the perspectives of women, their partners and their healthcare providers
Authors: Shareef Naaz , Said Poshya , Lamers Silke , Nieuwenhuijze Marianne , de Vries Marieke , van Dillen Jeroen
Published: June 2024

Background

The birth plan is a document expressing a pregnant woman’s childbirth preferences, enabling communication of expectations and facilitating discussions among women, their partners, and healthcare providers for key birthing decisions. There has been limited research on the role of birth plans in shared decision-making (SDM). Our study aims to explore how the use of birth plans can contribute to SDM from women’s, partners, and healthcare providers’ perspectives.

Methods

We conducted in-depth interviews with women, their partners, and their healthcare providers. We used a thematic analysis to identify themes and subthemes. Furthermore, we created a grounded theory about the role of birth plans as a tool in SDM.

Results

Three main themes were created: ‘‘Creating a birth plan”, ‘‘Getting all on board” and ‘‘Birth plans in the daily practice of decision-making”. Most women, partners, and healthcare providers agreed that birth plans can facilitate communication and SDM. Women and their partners viewed the birth plan as a tool to prepare for birth. Most healthcare providers mentioned the birth plan as a tool to get to know the women, their partners, and their preferences. Barriers are the attitude of healthcare providers toward birth plans, such as their evident resistance to the birth plan itself or to certain preferences. Another barrier is the assumption women and their partners may have that these plans can accurately predict the childbirth experience, enhancing the chance of a disappointing, negative experience. Some healthcare providers view birth plans as barriers to SDM.

Conclusion

The use of a birth plan seems to promote women’s, partners’, and healthcare providers’ involvement in the birth process, and seems suitable to facilitate SDM. Further research is required to explore strategies for overcoming barriers, including healthcare providers’ attitudes toward birth plans and the expectations of women and their partners regarding their role.
The water adaptation techniques atlas: A new geospatial library of solutions to water scarcity in the U.S. Southwest
Authors: Silber-Coats Noah , Elias Emile , Steele Caiti , Fernald Katherine , Gagliardi Mason , Hrozencik Aaron , Levers Lucia , Ostoja Steve , Parker Lauren , Williamson Jeb , Yao Yiqing
Published: June 2024

As climate change, population demands, and economic growth put increasing pressure on finite water resources in the southwestern United States, there is a critical need for adaptation to increasing water scarcity in the region. The Water Adaptation Techniques Atlas (WATA) is a new web-based compendium of geospatially-referenced solutions to problems posed by water scarcity. Developed by the USDA Southwest and California Climate Hubs, WATA arranges these solutions as case studies pinpointed on an interactive, user-friendly map viewer. Cases include research outcomes and practices that impact water use and availability to alleviate the mismatch between supply and demand. Organization of case studies by type of practice, specific crops, types of water user and water use allows a broad base of users to locate adaptations of particular interest. An example use case presented in this article shows how WATA can be used to investigate alternatives to alfalfa, one of the biggest water-consuming crops in the region. The development of WATA is an ongoing, iterative process, informed by new research and by feedback from agricultural professionals and others concerned with water scarcity in the Southwest.
Fakanalakat kézbe!
Authors: Bíró-Balogh Tamás , Tatai Nóra
Published: June 2024

A fakanálhegedűt (hivatalos nevén: taneszköz hegedűoktatáshoz) 1934. december 1-jén jelentette be feltalálója, és a következő évben meg is kapta a szabadalmat. Feltalálója, Veres József, Budapesten tanított, különcnek tartották, pedig kivételes zenei és tanári tehetség volt, akinek lelkesedése magával ragadta a gyerekeket. Zeneoktatási módszerének alapelve, hogy egy összetett mozgásokból álló, nehezebb feladatot kisebb koncentrálást igénylő módon tanít, s ez nem teljesen idegen a mai kor módszereitől sem. A találmányt mégis elfelejtették, Veres után máshol, máskor nem használták.
Trajetórias judiciais e suas representações históricas no Império Romano: Tibério César e o julgamento de Clutório Prisco (21 d.C).
Authors: Lanna de Freitas João Victor
Published: June 2024

As representações literárias de julgamentos são elementos essenciais para uma compreensão mais aprofundada da realidade sociopolítica do Alto Império Romano e das estruturas narrativas utilizadas na construção imagética dos personagens históricos desse período. Dessa forma, as descrições das trajetórias judiciais oferecem múltiplas e distintas possibilidades de representação e interpretação historiográfica. Na Antiguidade Clássica, essas representações estavam inseridas em um amplo repertório imagético, cujo objetivo principal não era necessariamente a precisão histórica, mas o decoro e a verossimilhança em relação às expectativas com as quais aquela tradição literária buscava dialogar. Com base nessa série de preposições, este artigo analisa como a historiografia antiga narra a acusação movida contra Clutório Prisco, por volta de 21 d.C., e como esse caso se tornou um elemento retórico importante para a construção histórica do imperador Tibério César (14 d.C. - 37 d.C) e da administração da justiça durante seu governo.
Global citizenship values among students: testing the thesis with World Values Survey data
Authors: De Wet Jacques P , Bacher Johann , Wetzelhuetter Daniela , Nnebedum Chigozie
Published: June 2024

The many universities across the world that promote internationalisation together with global citizenship education overtly or covertly orient their students around particular global citizenship values. Neoliberal and liberal humanist perspectives on global citizenship have historically dominated global citizenship education. The neoliberal ‘global competitiveness’ model promotes the values Achievement and Power, and the humanist ‘global rights and responsibilities’ model promotes the values Benevolence and Universalism. The critical perspective has emerged to challenge these dominant approaches. Inter alia, the critical perspective has argued against the prescription of certain values (or homogeneity of values) and for value pluralism that is open-ended. We investigated the extent to which these different perspectives on global citizenship values correspond with patterns in the value priorities among students from across the world. With data from the World Values Survey, we tested for homogeneity of values among students and assessed whether either global rights and responsibilities or global competitiveness values are dominant. There is no clear evidence of students’ values converging as either global rights and responsibilities or global competitiveness. These findings suggest that a critical perspective on global citizenship education, which acknowledges value pluralism, is better suited to work with differences in student value priorities by creating opportunities in dialogical non-prescriptive ways for the conceptualisation of multiple global citizen selves.
Enhancing Forest‐Steppe Ecotone Mapping Accuracy through Synthetic ApertureRadar‐Optical Remote Sensing Data Fusion and Object-based Analysis
Authors: Wang Ruilin , Wang Meng , Sun Xiaofang , Wang Junbang , Li Guicai
Published: June 2024

In ecologically vulnerable regions with intricate land use dynamics, such as ecotones, frequent and intense land use transitions unfold. Therefore, the precise and timely mapping of land use becomes imperative. With that goal, by using principal component analysis, we integrated Sentinel-1
and Sentinel-2 data, using an object-oriented methodology to craft a 10-meter-resolution land use map for the forest‐grassland ecological zone of the Greater Khingan Mountains spanning the years 2019 to 2021. Our research reveals a substantial enhancement in classification accuracy
achieved through the integration of synthetic aperture radar‐optical remote sensing data. Notably, our products outperformed other land use/land cover data sets, excelling particularly in delineating intricate riverine wetlands. The 10-meter land use product stands as a pivotal guide,
offering indispensable support for sustainable development, ecological assessment, and conservation endeavors in the Greater Khingan Mountains region.
Mapeamento semântico-sintático de haver/ter no presente + particípio
Authors: Coan Márluce , Sousa Francisco José Gomes de
Published: June 2024

Centrando-nos na Linguística Histórica, investigamos indícios de gramaticalização de haver/ter no presente + particípio em textos dos séculos XIII a XV, disponíveis na base de dados Corpus Informatizado do Português Medieval. Para efetuarmos um mapeamento semântico-sintático da construção, analisamos as acepções aspecto-temporais: de antepresente ou pretérito por século, as quais foram articuladas aos parâmetros: seleção/significação argumental do segundo argumento de haver/ter; combinação semântica entre haver/ter e particípio e frequência de uso de haver/ter. A construção haver/ter no presente + particípio esteve mais atrelada à acepção de antepresente: passado com relevância presente, embora haja considerável número de ocorrências da outra acepção: a de pretérito, sendo as construções com o verbo haver mais frequentes tanto no século XIII quanto no século XIV, com leve tendência ao uso do verbo ter no século XV. Em termos de seleção argumental, observa-se tendência à seleção de objeto indicativo de posse inalienável, o que se configura como um indício de gramaticalização, pois a abstratização do objeto possuído conduz à atenuação da significação de posse originária dos verbos haver e ter. Também há ocorrências de combinações com particípios que contradizem a noção de posse própria desses verbos (como em ‘ter perdido’), o que é outro indício de gramaticalização, ou seja, da auxiliarização de haver/ter. A articulação entre funções, século e parâmetros semântico-sintáticos permitiu-nos um olhar mais verticalizado sobre a gênese do pretérito perfeito composto em português, tanto em relação à forma que se fixou (ter + particípio) quanto à acepção corrente de passado com relevância presente.