bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Correlates of Electroencephalographic Patterns in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Nazish Saima , Zafar Azra , Shariff Erum , Shahid Rizwana , Alamri Sara , Albakr Aisha
Published: October 2020

Objective

The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and clinical correlates of different electroencephalographic patterns and their association with clinical outcomes in critically ill patients.

Subjects and Methods

This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed in the Neurology Department of King Fahd Hospital of the University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and involved a review and analysis of medical records pertaining to 179 intensive care unit patients who underwent electroencephalography (EEG) in the June to November 2018 period.

Results

Among the different etiologies, presence of spike and wave or sharp wave (SWs) was associated with encephalitis ( P = .01) and large artery stroke ( P = .01), whereas markedly attenuated EEG activity ( p = .04) and burst suppression ( P = .01) were associated with large artery stroke and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), respectively. Generalized theta activity ( P = .01) was significantly found in patients of septic encephalopathy, while generalized delta activity ( P = .02) and asymmetrical background ( P = .04) were significantly associated with traumatic brain injury. Presence of periodic discharges in EEG was significantly associated with more adverse clinical outcomes ( P = .001), whereas rhythmic delta activity (RDA) ( P = .03), persistent focal slow wave activity ( P = .01), and asymmetric background ( P = .002) were found in patients who were discharged from hospital with sequelae of current illness.

Conclusion

Certain EEG patterns are associated with particular underlying etiologies like SWs for encephalitis, markedly attenuated EEG activity and burst suppression with large artery stroke and HIE, respectively. Whereas few EEG patterns, including periodic discharges, RDA, persistent focal slow wave activity have some prognostic value in critically ill patients. However, they cannot be used as markers for prognostic assessment of patients without considering other clinical and diagnostic variables. Further larger prospective studies with continuous EEG monitoring with control of confounding factors are needed.
Study on the process of knitted woolen fabric treatment based on oxygen low-temperature plasma
Authors: Han Hao , Cong Honglian , Gao Zhe , Zhou Change
Published: October 2020

The oxygen low-temperature plasma (LTP) treatment on knitted woolen fabric was carried out to investigate the changes of shrinkage resistance, bursting strength and moisture absorption of knitted woolen fabric after treatment. In addition, the effects of different levels of exposure time, treatment power and gas flow rate on the change of felting rate, bursting strength and moisture absorption of knitted woolen fabric in the process of LTP were investigated. The results show that LTP treatment can improve the anti-felt, bursting strength, moisture absorption of knitted woolen fabric. According to the analysis of variance, in the process of LTP treatment, the exposure time is the primary factor that affects the degree of change in the hygroscopicity of knitted woolen fabric, and treatment power is the main factor that affects the degree of change in the shrinkage resistance of knitted woolen fabric. Finally, under the experimental conditions, the best treatment process of knitted woolen fabric by oxygen low-temperature plasma is 20 min, 150 sccm and 400 w.
On the irreversible thermodynamic of a gas influenced by a thermal radiation force generated from a heated rigid flat plate
Authors: Abdel Wahid Taha Zakaraia
Published: October 2020

In the present paper, the effect of the nonlinear thermal radiation (TR) on the neutral gas mixture in the unsteady state is investigated for the first time. The unsteady BGK technique of the Boltzmann kinetic equation (BKE) for a non-homogenous neutral gas (NHNG) is solved. The solution of the unsteady case makes the problem more general than the stationary case. For this purpose, the moments’ method, together with the traveling wave method, is applied. The temperature and concentration are calculated for each gas component and mixture for the first time. Furthermore, the study is held for aboard range of temperatures ratio parameter and a wide range of the molar fraction. The non-equilibrium distribution function (NEDF) is calculated for each gas component and the gas mixture. The significant non-equilibrium irreversible thermodynamic characteristics the entire system is acquired analytically. That technic allows us to investigate our model consistency with Boltzmann’s H-theorem, Le Chatelier’s principle, and thermodynamics laws. Moreover, the ratios among the further participation of the internal energy change (IEC) are evaluated via the Gibbs formula of total energy. The final results are utilized to the argon-helium NHNG at different magnitudes of radiation force (RF) strength and molar fraction parameters. 3D-graphics are presented to predict the behavior of the calculated variables, and the obtained results are theoretically discussed. The significance of this study is due to its vast applications in numerous fields, such as satellites, commercial, and various industrial applications.
The information and support needs of patients living with inflammatory bowel disease: A qualitative study
Authors: Karadag Paige , Morris Beth , Woolfall Kerry
Published: October 2020

Objectives

To explore patients’ experiences of living with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with a focus on their information and support needs.

Methods

Qualitative interview study involving adults diagnosed with IBD recruited through social media. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and data were analysed thematically.

Results

Interviews with 15 patients (9 females, 6 males) highlighted how misdiagnosis or hesitation to diagnose had caused frustration and anxiety. Once diagnosed, only a few participants received detailed information about IBD from their doctor. Negative experiences shared on social media caused initial anxiety, as individuals assumed that they may have a similar experience, yet online communities enabled insights into the experiences of others, helping patients adjust to living with IBD. Participants described both positive and negative impacts of living with IBD, including improved confidence and periods of anxiety. Discussion: Our findings highlight the importance of clear information and support from health professionals, as well as the benefits of online communities for ongoing support. At the point of diagnosis, patients would benefit from information about what IBD is, as well as how it may impact day to day life from doctors so that social media is not the only source of initial information about IBD.
Meeting the need: Creation of an online infection prevention course by the Golisano Institute for Developmental Disability Nursing for direct support professionals during COVID-19
Authors: Kiss Elizabeth A , Redlo Jesse M
Published: October 2020

The Center for Disease Control (CDC) recommended that direct support professionals (DSPs) take additional steps to protect people with disabilities during COVID-19 and receive training on the use of personal protective equipment and infection prevention. The Golisano Institute for Developmental Disability Nursing identified this as an unmet need and created an online asynchronous course for DSPs on infection prevention and use of personal protective equipment to reduce transmission of COVID-19 among individuals with disabilities and DSPs. Constructivism, experiential learning theory, and active learning theory guided content development. The course used games to break-up dense information into more manageable chunks as a means to increase learner engagement and motivation. The course was delivered on a dynamic Learning Management System to allow for a variety of content authoring tools to be utilized. After evaluation, the course was disseminated to DSPs. Future directions include a broader infection protection course for DSPs, without a direct focus on COVID-19.
Peer Feedback in Aesthetic Labour: Forms, Logics and Responses
Authors: Vonk Laura
Published: October 2020

Research on aesthetic labour has largely been confined to studying practices and experiences of managerial control and self-discipline. However, co-workers also have an impact on the experiences and practices of aesthetic labour. This article explores peer feedback regarding personal aesthetics in work situations without clear organisational aesthetic guidelines. Testimonies of experiences of peer feedback from 28 qualitative wardrobe interviews with ‘frontstage’ and creative workers in insecure employment positions show that peer feedback (1) is often ambiguous both in content and form; (2) can contain both a commercial logic and logics of ‘belonging’; and (3) is not only accepted, but in many cases is seen as legitimate and taken very seriously by workers on the receiving end. This study illustrates how informal processes of control and distinction concerning personal appearance intensify and complicate experiences of aesthetic labour as the interplay between market logics and judgements of taste has the potential to act as a reinforcement of insecurities and inequalities
Beyond Language in Infant Emotion Concept Development
Authors: Ruba Ashley L. , Repacholi Betty M.
Published: October 2020

The process by which emotion concepts are learned is largely unexplored. Hoemann, Devlin, and Barrett (2020) and Shablack, Stein, and Lindquist (2020) argue that emotion concepts are learned through emotion labels (e.g., “happy”), which cohere variable aspects of emotions into abstract, conceptual categories. While such labeling-dependent learning mechanisms (supervised learning) are plausible, we argue that labeling-independent learning mechanisms (unsupervised learning) are also involved. Specifically, we argue that infants are uniquely situated to learn emotion concepts given their exceptional learning abilities. We provide evidence that children learn from complex, irregular input in other domains (e.g., symbolic numbers) without supervised instruction. Thus, while labels undoubtedly influence emotion concept learning, we must also look beyond language to create a comprehensive theory of emotion concept development.
Post-surgical physiotherapy in frozen shoulder: A review
Authors: Willmore Elaine G , Millar Neal L , van der Windt Daniëlle
Published: October 2020

Despite its prevalence, the optimal management of frozen shoulder is unclear. A range of conservative measures are often undertaken with varying degrees of success. In cases of severe and persistent symptoms, release procedures which could include any combination of manipulation under anaesthetic, arthroscopic capsular release or hydrodilatation are frequently offered, none of which has been shown to offer superior outcome over the others. When surgical release is performed a period of rehabilitation is normally recommended but no best practice guidelines exist resulting in considerable variations in practice which may or may not directly affect patient outcome. During this narrative review, we hypothesise that these differing responses to treatment (both conservative and surgical options) are potentially the result of different causal mechanisms for frozen shoulder and may also suggest that post-release rehabilitation may need to take this into account.
Nivolumab treatment in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: real-world long-term outcomes within overall and special populations (the UNIVOC study)
Authors: Assié Jean-Baptiste , Corre Romain , Levra Matteo Giaj , Calvet Christophe Yannick , Gaudin Anne-Françoise , Grumberg Valentine , Jouaneton Baptiste , Cotté François-Emery , Chouaïd Christos
Published: October 2020

Objective:

To describe long-term outcomes of patients treated with nivolumab for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) in everyday clinical practice in France, with a focus on patients aged ⩾80 years, patients with renal impairment and patients with brain metastases.

Methods:

The study included all patients with aNSCLC recorded in the French national hospital database, starting nivolumab in 2015–2016 and followed until December 2018. Patients were stratified by age, the presence of renal impairment and brain metastasis, as documented in the hospital discharge summaries. Information was retrieved on demographics, comorbidities and treatment history at baseline. Time to discontinuation of nivolumab treatment and overall survival were estimated using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis.

Results:

Overall, 10,452 patients were included, of whom 514 were octogenarians, 479 had renal impairment and 1800 had brain metastases at baseline. Median duration of nivolumab treatment was 2.8 months in the overall population and in both the octogenarian and renally impaired subgroups, and 2.3 months in patients with brain metastases. Median overall survival in these patient groups was 11.7 months (95% confidence interval: 11.3–12.2), 11.7 months (11.3–12.1), 11.7 months (11.3–12.2) and 9.9 months (9.0–10.9) respectively. Three-year overall survival rates were 19.1% (18.1–20.2) in the overall population, 16.5% (11.6–23.4) in octogenarians, 15.9% (11.8–21.4) in patients with renal impairment and 21.7% (19.4–24.2) in those with brain metastases.

Conclusion:

This large nationwide retrospective real-life cohort provided narrow estimates of long-term overall survival, which reached 19% at 3 years, consistent with data from phase III trials of nivolumab. Survival rates were comparable in the three special populations of interest and the overall population.
Anionic effect on nanostructure and morphology of bio-schwertmannite dynamically produced within cellular reproduction
Authors: Xiong Huixin , Lu Xiancai , Wang Rucheng
Published: October 2020

Schwertmannite has been considered as the host mineral and potentially excellent adsorbent of contaminates from waters, and it has various morphologies of spheroid with pincushions, whiskers, hedge-hogs, and needles. In this work, using the (high-resolution transmission and field-emission scanning) electron microscopes, we studied nanostructure, morphological evolution, and difference in chemical composition for the produced schwertmannites in the cell-rich iron solutions. All analysis results showed within cellular 36-h reproduction period, the production of only schwertmannite was examined in iron solutions at the Cl−/SO4 2− molar ratios of 0–10 and pH 3.0 ± 0.1. There were differences in two typical morphologies of “pincushions” (Cl−/SO4 2− = 0 and 3) and “hedge-hogs” (Cl−/SO4 2− = 6 and 10) for the schwertmannite nanostructures. And all final schwertmannite particles had the chemical formulas of Fe8O8(OH)8−2 x(SO4) x (1.08 ≤ x ≤ 1.66), especially as Cl−/SO4 2− = 0, the visible “pincushions” only being the outermost sections of the whole needles existing in a tightly spherical assemblage of schwertmannite. Moreover, the absence of ferrihydrite and goethite was determined in the nanodimension of these needles, though the initial Fe and SO4 2− were 5600 and of 9600 µg/mL, respectively. It could be induced by the amounts and activities of aqueous Fe, SO4 2−, and Cl− associated with cellular activities and mineral precipitation. This study will be useful for understanding the actual occurrence of iron oxyhydroxide nanostructure and better developing its potential environmental application.
Level of Digitalization in Germany: Results of the Diabetes Digitalization and Technology (D.U.T) Report 2020
Authors: Roos Timm , Hochstadt Sabine , Keuthage Winfried , Kröger Jens , Lueg Andreas , Mühlen Hansjörg , Schütte Lisa , Scheper Nikolaus , Ehrmann Dominic , Hermanns Norbert , Heinemann Lutz , Kulzer Bernhard
Published: October 2020

Background:

New diagnostic and therapeutic technologies are increasingly changing the treatment of people with diabetes (PWD), along with increased usage of digital tools. To date, however, there is little data to which level and how diabetologists and PWD implement digitalization. Also, not much is known about the view of diabetologists on the current status and future developments in this respect.

Method:

In an online survey, diabetologists working in clinics and practices across Germany provided responses regarding their view on digitalization and the adoption of new technologies in diabetology to 56 questions. These comments reflect the opinion of several experts about the current importance and use of specific digital/technological topics.

Results:

Overall, 326 diabetologists took part in the survey. They reported a positive attitude (75.8%) toward new technologies and digitalization, and they see more advantages rather than disadvantages. Younger age of the diabetologists was significantly associated with a more positive attitude ( r = −0.176; P < .01), and there was no gender effect ( P = .738). On average, in each practice, 5.5% of PWD are using an insulin pump for therapy, 4.8% a real-time continuous glucose monitoring system, 16.9% an intermittent scanning continuous glucose monitoring system, and 0.3% an automated insulin delivery (AID) system. With respect to digitalization, the three most important current topics are software for glucose data analysis (average rank on a scale from one to six, with one being the most important: 2.4), compatibility with other systems (2.9), and AID systems (3.8)).

Conclusions:

This survey, which is going to be repeated annually, showed that the diabetologists who participated predominantly have a positive attitude toward new technologies and digital applications and were aware of the associated advantages. However, perceived disadvantages need to be addressed to enable wider adoption of new technologies and digital solutions.
“It Got Likes, But I Don’t Think People Understood”: A Qualitative Study of Adolescent Experiences Discussing Type 1 Diabetes on Social Media
Authors: Chalmers Kristen , Smith Mia , Moreno Megan , Malik Faisal
Published: October 2020

Background:

The majority of adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) integrate social media engagement into their daily lives. The aim of this study was to explore adolescents’ experiences and perspectives discussing their T1D on social media.

Methods:

Semi-structured interviews with adolescents with T1D were conducted in person and via telephone. Questions focused on the participant’s experiences utilizing social media to discuss T1D and factors that informed the nature of T1D-related social media engagement. Open coding and thematic content analysis were used to identify emergent themes that aligned with accepted domains of social media affordances.

Results:

Participants included 35 adolescents with T1D. Adolescents’ experiences related to discussing T1D on social media aligned with four affordances of social media: identity, cognitive, emotional, and social. The identity affordances of social media platforms allowed adolescents to curate online personas that selectively included their diagnosis of T1D, while managing the potential negative emotional and social implications linked to the stigma of T1D. Adolescents who decided to discuss T1D on social media leveraged cognitive affordances by providing and receiving diabetes management advice, emotional affordances by obtaining affirmation from peers, and social affordances by extending their network to include other individuals with T1D.

Conclusions:

Adolescents with T1D flexibly leverage the affordances offered by social media to access emotional support, information, and identity affirmation resources while navigating stigma-based social consequences. Our findings highlight the value of developing tools to support adolescents with T1D in comfortably discussing and receiving appropriate support about T1D on social media.
Simultaneous Determination of 6 Antiallergic Components in Asarum sieboldii Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Jang Seol , Park Sun Haeng , Kim Ho Kyoung
Published: October 2020

Owing to the side effects of current drugs for treating atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic disease in the skin, traditional herbal medicine is receiving much attention as an alternative treatment. Asarum sieboldii has traditionally been used to treat colds, fevers, headaches, coughs, neuralgia, chronic bronchitis, asthma, and allergies. In this study, 6 compounds (echinacoside, vanillic acid, kakuol, methyl eugenol, sesamin, and asarinin) in A. sieboldii were analyzed simultaneously using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the proposed analytical method was validated. In addition, the inhibitory effects of the A. sieboldii extract and the 6 analyzed compounds on the expression of chemokine were evaluated in HaCaT cells. The HPLC method showed high linearity, with a correlation coefficient of ≥0.9999. The limits of detection for the 6 compounds ranged from 0.00 to 0.02 µg/mL, and the limits of quantification ranged from 0.01 to 0.05 µg/mL. The intraday and interday precisions were 0.15%-1.90%; the accuracy was 97.36%-103.23%, and the recoveries of the 6 compounds were 97.45%-103.93%. The content of each compound in A. sieboldii, as determined using the corresponding calibration curve, was in the range of 0.380-12.062 mg/g. This optimized simultaneous quantification method will be suitable for improving the quality control of A. sieboldii. Moreover, the 6 compounds in A. sieboldii showed an inhibitory effect on the production of chemokines, which suggests that A. sieboldii has an antiallergic effect.
Influence of Decoction Duration of FDY2004 on Its Physicochemical Components and Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities
Authors: Lee In-Hee , Lee Ho-Sung , Kang Kyungrae , Park Sang-In , Kwon Tae-wook , Moon Seung-Joon , Lee Chol Hee , Lee Dae Yeon
Published: October 2020

FDY2004 (Medicinal herbs: Rheum palmatum, Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews, and Prunus davidiana), an herbal drug composition with an antiproliferative effect, is prepared by boiling, which is the most common herbal extraction method in traditional Korean medicine. Several parameters are considered in the process, including herb-to-solvent ratio, extraction temperature and pressure, and total decoction time. The aim of this study was to examine the physicochemical changes, index compound analysis results, antioxidant activity, and antiproliferative activity of FDY2004 according to the decoction duration to establish the conditions that ensure efficacy while minimizing side effects. Different samples of FDY2004 were obtained by decocting for 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 minutes. Each sample was evaluated for hydrogen ion concentration (pH), total soluble solid content (TSSC), index compound profiles, and antioxidative and antiproliferative activity. pH was found to decrease, while TSSC increased with an increase in decoction duration. Index compound contents for FDY2004 (aloe emodin, emodin, rhein, chrysophanol, physcion, and sennoside A for R. palmatum, paeonol for P. suffruticosa Andrews, and amygdalin for P. davidiana) increased when the decoction duration was 120 minutes or more, while the content of sennoside A did not increase. The total d-glucose amount increased with an increase in boiling duration. Antioxidant activity of FDY2004 increased when the decoction duration was 120 minutes or more, and the antiproliferative activity of FDY2004 was concentration dependent. The decoction duration for FDY2004 needs to be carefully determined so as to maintain efficacy while reducing side effects related to digestive absorption.
Positioning, Principles, and Parrhesia: From Ranting to Activism
Authors: Price Mark
Published: October 2020

This paper examines issues of positioning and its relationship to professionality and principled, ethical, and responsible practice. As academics and practitioners, we find ourselves working in dislocated, fragmented, and contested cultures and contexts, which can appear increasingly unfamiliar, disturbed, and disturbing. In such contexts in which professionality is enacted, it is posited that the imperative to be authentic and accountable to the academy and humanity is paramount. The process of managing tensions between the pressures of neoliberalism, performativity, and a more principled, individualized but connected professionality is explored with reference to parrhesia. This enacted professionality is viewed and refracted through a prism of regarded acts of resistance and exertions of the micro-physics of power; as a dynamic and contextually appropriate response to hegemonic discourses of acting professionally. This offers qualitative inquirers, academics, and professional practitioners a framework or reference point for activism in present and future contexts; an urgency to commit to focused, authentic, and congruent action, rather than just engage in ranting, which can only exacerbate feelings of frustration, disillusionment, and exhaustion. This paper explores processes of parrhesiastic alignment and authentic positioning through my own writing too—as a late career academic practitioner and an early career researcher.
Aesthetic Intervention: Lines of Flight
Authors: Mackay Susan , Soler Gabriel , Wyatt Tessa
Published: October 2020

During the European Congress of Qualitative Inquiry, Edinburgh, 2019, we offered an esthetic intervention: two spaces open to delegates in which they could explore and express their interactions with the conference through the assemblage of paper, paint, crayons, scissors, glue, glitter, bodies, breath, memories, thoughts—ineffable and effable. Delegates were invited to produce either individual journals, individual pieces, or contribute to large collective pieces of art. In this article, we follow the lines of flight to create the event and reflect on the process that led up to and continued after the esthetic intervention.
Successful Treatment of Femoral Chondral Lesions with a Novel Customized Metal Implant at Midterm Follow-Up
Authors: Martinez-Carranza Nicolas , Rockborn Peter , Roberts David , Högström Magnus , Stålman Anders
Published: October 2020

Background

Full-depth cartilage lesions do not heal spontaneously and may progress to osteoarthritis (OA). Treatment for these lesions is warranted when symptomatic. At younger age, biological treatment remains the gold standard, but treatment in the middle-aged patient remains a clinical challenge and focal metal implants have been proposed. We aim to present the subjective outcome at 2 years and the risk of reoperation for any reason at midterm after surgery with a novel customized implant for focal femoral chondral lesions in the knee.

Methods

In a prospective cohort study, 30 patients were included between January 2013 and December 2017 at 9 different clinics in Sweden. The primary outcome was subjective outcome measurements (Visual Analogue Scale [VAS], EuroQoL [EQ5D], Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score [KOOS]) at a minimum of 2 years. The secondary outcome was reoperations for any reason during the follow-up period until December 2019 (mean of 55 months) studied retrospectively by analyzing medical records.

Results

The VAS, EQ5D, and all the KOOS subscales showed significant improvements from preoperatively to the 2-year follow-up. The VAS showed the greatest improvement at the early (3 months) postoperative stage ( P < 0.001). Five (7%) patients underwent reoperations and one of these was revised to hemiarthroplasty due to OA progression. No implant loosening was detected in any of the cases.

Conclusions

This customized resurfacing metal implant showed good safety and patient satisfaction. The risk of OA progression and implant loosening is low. Subjective function and pain improved significantly.
Public attitudes about emergent issues in LGBTQ rights: Conversion therapy and religious refusals
Authors: Flores Andrew R. , Mallory Christy , Conron Kerith J.
Published: October 2020

Following legal recognition of marriages for same-sex couples, new topics have emerged in debates over LGBT rights. While numerous studies of public opinion about gay and transgender rights have been examined, some emergent issues remain underexamined. Two prominent issues are conversion therapy and denials of service based on religious beliefs in a variety of settings. These areas of LGBT rights are dynamic, with some states recently banning conversion therapy on minors, the Trump Administration’s guidance on denials of service by health professionals, and some states funding adoption and foster agencies that refuse to provide services to same-sex couples and LGBT adults. In this study, we assess factors associated with public attitudes on these issues. While we find patterns that are consistent with previous studies, we also find inconsistencies when examining the effects of age, race, partisanship, educational attainment, and interpersonal contact. We further find that being a parent moderates the effects of interpersonal contact. Sometimes the moderated contact effects are large and positive but other times contact effects are negative. The contact effect depends on the particular type of contact such as with LGB people, transgender people, or knowing parents who have a transgender child.
Brand Novelty and Publicity About Athlete Endorsers Affect Psychological Processing of Ads
Authors: Read Glenna , Brown Kenon
Published: October 2020

Using a hierarchy of effects theoretical framework, the present study investigates psychological responses to positive and negative publicity about athlete endorsers. Furthermore, this research addresses the role of brand novelty on these processes. Participants were exposed to an ad for a soft drink brand (either novel or well-established) that featured an athlete endorser. Each ad was paired with a news story that contained either positive or negative information about the athlete’s off-field behavior. Participants’ cognitive, affective, and conative responses were assessed. Results indicate more cognition, affect, and conation to ads associated with positive publicity about the athletes and for established brands. Unexpectedly, publicity and brand novelty interacted such that established brands were more susceptible to the effects of publicity than were novel brands. Results are discussed in regard to furthering theory and practical implications.
The Lonely Collegiate: An Examination of the Reasons for Loneliness Among Emerging Adults in College in the Western United States and West-Central Poland
Authors: Hopmeyer Andrea , Terino Beatrice , Adamczyk Katarzyna , Corbitt Hall Darcy , DeCoste Kathleen , Troop-Gordon Wendy
Published: October 2020

Loneliness among emerging adults in college has been primarily attributed to real and perceived socioemotional deficits. We posit that the cognitive underpinnings of loneliness are more complex. Participants were 520 students at a small liberal arts college in the Western United States ( Mage = 19.97; 69.7% women; 54.6% White) and 551 students at a large university in west-central Poland ( Mage = 21.72; 74.5% women; 100% White). In both samples, attributing loneliness to deficits in friendships, not feeling connected to peers, and concerns about one’s identity and future were uniquely associated with greater loneliness. Attributing loneliness to romantic deficits was also associated with greater loneliness, but this relation was stronger for men than women. Nationality moderated the relationship between attributing loneliness to social deficits and loneliness. The results underscore that school administrators in the United States and Europe who are concerned about student mental health would benefit from a more nuanced understanding of loneliness.
Achieving Lean Warehousing Through Value Stream Mapping
Authors: Abhishek P.G.  , Pratap Maheshwar
Published: October 2020

This article applies value stream mapping (VSM) in a distribution warehouse after identifying and categorizing different warehousing wastes. The study suggests solutions for the reduction of each type of waste and employs lead time as the metric to understand the overall effectiveness of the suggested remedies. The distribution warehouse faced severe stock-out situations and high lead time for all deliveries. Current state and future state maps were utilized for mapping the current and revamped system, respectively. While existing studies on lean warehousing have utilized VSM to study a specific type of waste, this study extends it to include all types of warehousing waste, classifies them into seven types and provides a real case study along with evidence for improvement schemes for each category. This research, employing a case study, suggests an integrated lean warehousing method for design and operation of distribution warehouses.

Dilemma/research question/purpose: Can the warehouse avoid stock-outs and decrease the lead time by identifying and reducing or eliminating the seven types of wastes in the warehouse operations?

Theory: Lean management principle applied to a warehouse using value stream mapping to eliminate wastes.

Type of the case: A problem-solving using lean tools carried out in a warehouse.

Protagonist: Not needed.

Options: Allow the current state to continue causing stock-outs and high lead times, or identify and reduce the wastes in the warehouse operations and avoid stock-outs, decrease lead times, and improve the overall efficiency of the warehouse.

Discussions and case questions: Is it possible for the firm to go one step further than what the future state map has shown in the study? What other lean tools do you see fit to reduce or eliminate the types of waste outlined in this article?
The Role of Senior Resident Clinics in Plastic Surgery Education in Canada
Authors: McGuire Connor , Crawley Emma , Tang David
Published: October 2020

Background:

Senior resident clinics are a means to encourage independent practice and problem solving and enhance surgical skills. The objective of this study is to investigate senior resident clinics across Canada and their utility in providing comprehensive plastic surgery training.

Methods:

A web-based survey was sent to all plastic surgery program directors (PDs) and senior residents (SRs; postgraduate years 3, 4, and 5) across Canada. The surveys focused on demographics, clinic structure, procedures commonly performed, perceived autonomy, educational benefit, competency-based design considerations, and areas for improvement. Chi-square tests were used to compare responses between PDs and SRs.

Results:

A total of 10 PDs (100% response rate) and 26 SRs (41% response rate) responded. Half of the training programs across Canada currently have senior clinics, and the format varies between institutions. Clinics generally focus on hand trauma and aesthetics. Both PDs and SRs felt that there is considerable autonomy for resident care in both the pre/post-operative and operative setting. Common barriers to implementing a senior clinic include not enough staff, not enough time, and the medicolegal risk. Most core competencies are felt to be addressed through the use of senior clinics. Methods to improve senior clinics could include more regular and higher volume clinics, enhanced equipment, and separation of hand and aesthetics clinics.

Conclusions:

Senior clinics are a useful method to improve plastic surgery education and address many core aspects of plastic surgery training. Implementation of supported clinics focused on hand and aesthetics surgery separately may be useful for training programs that currently lack a senior clinic.
Prevalence of Female Athlete Triad Risk Factors and Iron Supplementation Among High School Distance Runners: Results From a Triad Risk Screening Tool
Authors: Skorseth Paige , Segovia Nicole , Hastings Katherine , Kraus Emily
Published: October 2020

Background:

Investigations of the female athlete triad (Triad) in high school athletes have found that 36% had low energy availability, 54% had menstrual abnormalities, and 16% had low bone mineral density (BMD). Limited data are available showing the prevalence of these risk factors in high school distance runners or regarding best practice on screening for the Triad in the adolescent population.

Purpose:

To (1) evaluate the prevalence of Triad risk factors and iron supplementation in high school distance runners and (2) pilot a screening tool for Triad risk score.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

The study population included female high school athletes who participated in cross-country/track. Participants completed a survey including questions regarding dietary habits, menstrual history, and bone stress injury (BSI) history. They then underwent evaluation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, free triiodothyronine (T3), and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan to measure body fat and BMD through use of age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched Z scores. Triad scores were calculated. Relationships were analyzed using Spearman correlation coefficient.

Results:

There were 38 study participants (mean age, 16.9 years). Average body mass index was 19.8 kg/m2. Disordered eating or eating disorders were reported in 76.3% of runners; in addition, 23.7% reported delayed menarche, 45.9% had a history of amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea, 42.1% had low BMD ( Z score < –1.0), and 15.8% reported prior BSI. Low free T3 was significantly associated with higher Triad risk scores ( r S = –0.36; P = .028). More than 42% of athletes were supplementing iron.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of Triad risk factors in high school distance runners was high. Free T3 was inversely associated with Triad score, which may serve as an indicator of low energy availability. Nearly half of the athletes were using iron supplementation.
Chinese Vaccine Providers’ Perspectives on the HPV Vaccine
Authors: Ji Mengdi , Huang Zhuoying , Ren Jia , Sun Xiaodong , Wagner Abram L.
Published: October 2020

China approved a human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in 2018. Recommendations from health care providers can positively impact vaccine receipt. This study characterized vaccine providers’ attitudes toward the HPV vaccine and contrasted attitudes by the providers’ demographic characteristics. In total, 120 vaccine providers in Shanghai, China, completed a questionnaire. Associations between essential characteristics of the HPV vaccine and providers’ urbanicity and working length were explored using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Doctors with ≤5 years’ work experience were more likely to think it important to emphasize that HPV is a sexually transmitted disease compared to doctors with longer work experiences ( P = .0231). More suburban than urban providers thought that China should include the HPV vaccine into the publicly funded Expanded Program on Immunization ( P = .0315). Differences in attitudes toward HPV could lead to variation in how providers talk to parents and adolescents about the HPV vaccine, with disparities in vaccine uptake as a result.
Strength of ties and pioneering orientation: The moderating role of scanning capabilities
Authors: Ruiz-Ortega María José , Molina-Morales F Xavier , Parra-Requena Gloria , García-Villaverde Pedro M
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this article is to study the curvilinear effect on pioneering orientation of one of its key relational backgrounds: strength of ties. The study is based on a sample of 224 companies in the footwear industry in Spain. A hierarchical regression analysis was performed. The results show a curvilinear U-shaped relationship between the strength of ties and pioneering orientation. This curvilinear relationship is increasingly pronounced as scanning capabilities grow. Managers wishing to develop a pioneering orientation should avoid excessive levels of strength in their ties and unduly low levels. Furthermore, firms might benefit from developing scanning capability.

JEL CLASSIFICATION: M100; o320
The Importance of the Cognitive Aspects of Vocational Rehabilitation for Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Kennedy Winston , Fruin Robert
Published: October 2020

Background:

Individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) face symptoms that affect them physically and cognitively; 80% of individuals diagnosed with MS are out of work within 10 years, and 58% are unemployed. It appears that a diagnosis of MS creates a barrier to individuals obtaining and maintaining work. To combat this, vocational rehabilitation (VR) has been utilized by individuals with MS but with limited success. This may be due to the lack of interventions that address cognitive symptoms that occur.

Purpose:

The purpose of this perspective is to review the interaction between individuals with MS and the components of VR and discuss implications that could potentially increase the success of individuals with MS obtaining work.

Implications:

Approximately 48.1% of clients with MS receiving services from state VR agencies obtain or retain employment compared to 60% of clients with other diagnoses. This disparity highlights a disconnect in VR services. It has been seen that individuals with MS who were employed at application were more likely to receive services that include cognitive retraining-type services. Including more opportunities for cognitive retraining-type services may decrease this disparity and help more individuals with MS maintain or obtain work.
Applying integrated video assisted learning approaches for medical clerkship – potential adaptations in the post-COVID-19 era
Authors: Yaqinuddin Ahmed , Kashir Junaid , AlKattan Wael , AlKattan Khaled
Published: October 2020

Lockdowns and social distancing measures due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic have forced the delivery and assessment of educational material to be performed via online and virtual educational tools. Such disruption has greatly affected hands-on training programs essential to acquire clinical competencies, particularly modes requiring physical patient encounters. While most educational content has successfully been shifted to predominantly web-conferencing platforms, the essential clinical teaching at affiliated hospitals for undergraduate medicine clerkship years has been severely disrupted due to barring of students from hospital premises to minimise spread of COVID-19, presenting a problem requiring unique solutions to ensure that quality of education and subsequent healthcare is kept sufficiently high. To this degree, technological advances increasingly present several elegant solutions which may provide the required levels of educational delivery. In this article, we briefly discuss the number of options that could be deployed to aid in acquisition of requisite skills during the clerkship years, with a focus on wearable technologies and video recording/broadcasting. Given the ongoing pandemic, application of technological advances could provide, with some global coordination, the medical education community with numerous proactive solutions rather than just educational luxuries or novelties.
Perspectives on Human Resources Management
Authors: Wright Patrick M. , Rowland Kendrith M. , Ferris Gerald R.
Published: October 2020

For an overview of the field, this paper will examine the HRM function from a number of different perspectives. First, the evolution of the HRM function from a historical perspective will provide an understanding of the forces which have molded and defined present activities. Second, an environmental perspective will shed light on the external forces which continually pressure and constrain these activities. Third, a strategic perspective explores the role of the HRM function in the strategy of the organization. Fourth, an international perspective examines the problems and opportunities that face the HRM function in what is fast becoming a global marketplace. Finally, an evaluation perspective will discuss the ways in which human resources activities can be evaluated as to their usefulness toward aiding in the attainment of organizational goals.
Frühstarteffekte in betrieblichen Karrieren
Authors: Kräkel Matthias
Published: October 2020

Empirische Studien über Karriereverläufe von Arbeitnehmern belegen für unterschiedlichste Unternehmen einen deutlichen Zusammenhang zwischen raschen ersten Beförderungen und überdurchschnittlich hohen Karriereerfolgen der entsprechenden Arbeitnehmer in späteren Perioden. Der vorliegende Beitrag kritisiert zunächst zwei traditionelle Erklärungsansätze für derartige Frühstarteffekte, die von Rosenbaum vorgeschlagen wurden: eine Variante des Tournament-Ansatzes sowie den Signaling-Ansatz. Beide Ansätze können nicht diejenigen Befunde erklären, bei denen Frühstarteffekte nur relativ schwach ausgeprägt sind und spätere Karriereerfolge hauptsächlich durch ganz andere Faktoren bestimmt werden. Auch auf konzeptioneller Ebene sind die beiden älteren Erklärungsansätze nicht unproblematisch, da sie u.a. von irrationalen Entscheidungen auf Arbeitgeberseite ausgehen. Als alternativer Erklärungsansatz wird anschließend eine Kombination aus Superstar- und Matching-Theorie vorgeschlagen. Dieser Ansatz weist die Schwächen der älteren Ansätze nicht auf und kann zudem einer weitergehenden Diskussion der Gestaltung betrieblicher Karrieren durch eine strategische Personalpolitik dienen.
Multimodal Imaging in Ocular Siderosis
Authors: Bui Anh D. , Diep Anna L. , Lin Qiyin , Minckler Donald S. , Browne Andrew W. , Wang Angeline L.
Published: October 2020

Purpose:

This report aims to characterize ocular changes in a case of ocular siderosis with iron toxicity using multimodal imaging and electroretinography.

Methods:

A 34-year-old woman presented with ocular siderosis of the left eye following penetrating injury with an iron-containing foreign body. The patient’s uncorrected visual acuities were 20/60 and 20/150 in the right and left eye, respectively, with abnormal pupillary function and presence of a cataract in the left eye. She underwent successful intraocular foreign body removal and cataract surgery with no postoperative complications. Cone contrast threshold (CCT), full-field electroretinogram, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCT angiography (OCTA) were used to characterize ocular alterations preoperatively and postoperatively.

Results:

CCT color vision testing showed abnormal color vision, and OCTA revealed increased vascular flow density associated with the foreign body.

Conclusions:

CCT color vision testing, OCTA, OCT, and full-field electroretinogram can characterize retinal changes in cases of ocular siderosis.
The digital immunization system of the future: imagining a patient-centric, interoperable immunization information system
Authors: Atkinson Katherine M. , Mithani Salima Saleem , Bell Cameron , Rubens-Augustson Taylor , Wilson Kumanan
Published: October 2020

To ensure the effectiveness of increasingly complex immunization programs in upper-middle and high-income settings, comprehensive information systems are needed to track immunization uptake at individual and population levels. The maturity of cloud systems and mobile technologies has created new possibilities for immunization information systems. In this paper, we describe a vision for the next generation of digital immunization information systems for upper-middle and high-income settings based on our experience in Canada. These systems center on the premise that the public is engaged and informed about the immunization process beyond their interaction with primary care, and that they will be a contributor and auditor of immunization data. The digital immunization system of the future will facilitate reporting of adverse events following immunization, issue digital immunization receipts, permit identification of areas of need and allow for delivery of interventions targeting these areas. Through features like immunization reminders and targeted immunization promotion campaigns, the system will reduce many of the known barriers that influence immunization rates. In light of the global COVID-19 pandemic, adaptive digital public health information systems will be required to guide the rollout and post-market surveillance of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.