bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN RECIPROCAL TEACHING PAIR SHARE (RTPS) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MIKROBIOLOGI MAHASISWA IKIP BUDI UTOMO
Authors: Lestari Purwaning Budi , Widyaningrum Diyah Ayu
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this research is to analyze the development of the learning model Reciprocal Teaching  Pair Share (RTPS) in improving student learning outcomes microbiology and testing the effectiveness of the learning model Reciprocal Teaching Pair Share (RTPS) in improving student learning outcomes at the Teachers' Training College Budi Utomo. The model used in this research is the development model of Thiagarajan 4D (1974). The 4D model has four stages, namely define, design, develop, and disseminate. Design test for individual testing and small scale trial is descriptive, whereas for largescale field trials using quasi-experimental. Data were analyzed using General Linear Model (GLM)-Multivariate SPSS 16. The results showed that the development model of reciprocal teaching decentpair share used in learning activities. The results of large-scale trial could be concluded no effect onthe learning model of cognitive learning outcomes of students. Besides the development of a model reciprocal teaching pair share effective in improving student learning outcomes microbiology Budi Utomo Malang Teachers' Training College.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN QUANTUM DENGAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR IPA SISWA KELAS V SDN NGRUKEM KECAMATAN MLARAK KABUPATEN PONOROGO
Authors: Saksitasari Nindya Arianulva , Muryanto Hagus , Retno Raras Setyo
Published: February 2018

This research aims to determine whether there is influence of quantum learning model with the audio visual media to science learning outcomes student class V SDN Ngrukem Mlarak District of  Ponorogo in academic year 2015/2016. Due to very low yields Science learning and teachers teaching with conventional methods. This study uses a one-group pretest-posttest design. The research sample of 15 students and research instruments in the form of a multiple choice test. Data
were analyzed by using t-test. The result showed there are significant quantum learning model with audio visual media to science learning outcomes student class V SDN Ngrukem Mlarak District of Ponorogo in academic year 2015/2016.
PENGGUNAAN STRATEGI INKUIRI DALAM PEMBELAJARAN ISOLASI BAKTERI ASAL MOL DAN PENERAPANNYA SEBAGAI PUPUK HAYATI
Authors: Astriani Meli
Published: February 2018

This study aims to utilize household waste and used MOL (Micro-Organism-Local). MOL is used to assist the process of decomposition in composting. This study aims to isolate the bacterial origin of MOL with media of different organic materials and the application of the isolated bacteria as a biological fertilizer. Stages of research involved isolating bacteria from MOL vegetables, then do purification. The next stage is to identify the bacteria colony morphology that includes forms, cells, and Gram. This research is expected to contribute to the field, namely: the development of science, research methodology. First, for science to improve information research methods, research for further development activities for people who have an interest in the processing of biological fertilizers and organic fertilizers. Second, the methodology how to obtain microbes for use in applied research. The results were obtained bacterial isolates were collected from three kinds of treatment samples MOL namely MOL to-I (waste vegetable, sugar, rice water), II (vegetable waste, brown sugar, rice water), and III (waste vegetable, sugar sand, coconut water). The result of the isolation and purification of bacteria obtained amounted to 79 types of bacterial isolates comprising 23 species of bacteria from the sample MOL to-1, 30 species of bacteria from the sample to the MOL-II, and 24 types of bacteria from the sample to-III. Overall the data obtained from the sample to the MOL-I, II, and III of the highest number of bacterial cells present in the sample to the MOL-II with a number of types of bacteria most. This type of bacteria that is known at the time T0, T1.
EFEKTIFITAS PENAMBAHAN MEDIA ORGANIK EKSTRAK UBI JALAR (Ipomoea batatas L) PADA PERTUMBUHAN SUBKULTUR ANGGREK Cattleya sp.
Authors: Meilani Shinta Nurdika , Anitasari Septarini Dian , Zuhro Fatimatuz
Published: February 2018

 

Orchids (Chattleya sp) is popular plant which is favorted by peoples and has higt economic value. It’s price Rp. 562,000 / plant. Tissue culture technique is needed to produce this flower quicky than conventional technique. This study have aims to determine the effect of some medium concentration of organic sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L) on growing Cattleya sp and for knowing the best of concentration on the growth of  Chattleya sp. The method used was Completely Random Design (RAL) with four of factors, that is: 0 g / L, 75 g / L, 150 g / L, and 300 g / L. The results were analyzed with Anova test and Duncan test multiple ranger test at the level of 5%. Each treatment was repeated six times. Parameters were observed are the number of new shoots, long leaf, number of leaves, leaf width, long roots, and height of the plant for 5 weeks. Based on the results of analysis showed that the sweet potato extract on 150 g / L concentration give the best results in long root parameter, the concentration of 75 g / L gived the best results to long leaf parameter and concentration of 300 g / L gived the best effect against leaf width. Same concentrations of sweet potato did not give significantly effect to number of new shoots, plantlets height, and number of leaves. 
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING DIPADU STUDENT FACILITATOR AND EXPLAINING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA KELAS X SMAN 6 KEDIRI PADA POKOK BAHASAN FUNGI
Authors: Setiawan M. Agung
Published: February 2018

     Kingdom Fungi material is material to learn about mushrooms. In the Kingdom Fungi consist of six phylum that zygomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Deuteromycota, Lumut crust, and Mycorrhiza. The material has many types of fungi kingdom, scientific name, and classification of fungi that constrain students to memorize and understand that students need learning model that can provide a good learning experience. This study aimed to determine the effect of learning model combined Student Problem Based Learning Facilitator And Explaining the ability of critical thinking on the matter Kingdom Fungi in grade X SMAN 6 Kediri. This study was conducted in August and September of odd semester 2016/2017 academic year. This research was conducted by quasi-experimental research subjects in class X-9 and X-10. Parameters measured were critical thinking skills that are measured using posttest essay. The results were analyzed using critical thinking skills t test showed the t-test calculation results obtained Sig. (2-tailed) 0.000 <0.05. This means there is significant influence learning model combined Student Problem Based Learning Facilitator And Explaining to students' critical thinking skills matter Kingdom Fungi

 
EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN MAHONI (Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq.) TERHADAP LARVA Aedes aegypti L.
Authors: Amelia Tisa Rizkika Nur
Published: February 2018

The aim of the research were to evaluate the efficacy of botanical insecticide of S. mahagoni leaves extracts against larvae of Ae. aegypti, based on concentration of the leaves S. mahagoni extract, and in additional to determine secondary metabolites compounds of S. mahagoni leaves extract. The extraction of S. mahagoni leaves was done by using ethanol solvents and than was analyzed by using Thin Layer Chromatography. The result indicated that ethanolic extract of S. mahagoni leaf contained alkaloid, tannin, saponin, terpenoid, and flavonoid compounds. The value of LC50 and LC90 calculation showed that LC50 of ethanolic extract over second and third instar larvae respectively were 488 ppm and 644 ppm. However the value of LC90 of both instar larvae were 732 ppm and 797 ppm. Based on the above result, it can be concluded that ethanolic extract of S. mahagoni leaf was effective against larvae of Ae .aegypti.

Key words: Ae. aegypti, S. mahagoni, botanical insecticide
VARIASI POLA SIDIK JARI MAHASISWA BERBAGAI SUKU BANGSA DI KOTA MADIUN
Authors: Purbasari Karlina
Published: February 2018

The research aimed to find the distribution of fingerprint pattern and the total ridge of students from various ethnis in Madiun. The research was conducted in five Universities in Madiun using Proportional Stratified Random Sampling method. The taking of the fingerprint was conducted by pressing the fingers of each student on the ink pad and the press them on the while paper. The fingerprint patterns were counted by percentage of each pattern and the total ridges of each ethnic were counted by average. The result of the research showed that 10 ethnic had a higher percentage of loop pattern out of 11, they are Javanese (60,4%), Dayak (69%), Flores (50,59%), Batakese (56%), Lampung (90%), Balinese (70%), Mentawai (50%), Banjar (60%), Madurese (100%), and Betawi (70%). Minang ethnic had a higher whorl pattern than other patterns, that is 70%. The highest average of the total ridge could be found in Batakese 196,33 while the lowest average of the total ridge could be found in Madurese 70. It can be concluded that there was different percentage of each pattern and each total ridge in 11 ethnic.
A CONCILIAÇÃO NAS DEMANDAS DO PODER PÚBLICO COMO INSTRUMENTO DE PACIFICAÇÃO SOCIAL E EFICIÊNCIA NA ADMINISTRAÇÃO
Authors: Machado de Souza Fernando , Graeff Filho Joe
Published: February 2018

O presente artigo aborda dois importantes aspectos justificadores da conciliação, nas demandas que envolvem o Poder Público, sendo a pacificação social e o reflexo desta na eficiência da Administração Pública. Através da entrada em vigor do Código de Processo Civil de 2015, que inseriu expressamente em seu texto o princípio da solução consensual dos conflitos, busca-se a aplicação dos métodos consensuais à Administração Pública, por ser esta individualmente, a maior litigante do Poder Judiciário.
Metode Pemeriksaan pada Sistem TNM untuk Karsinoma Sel Skuamosa Kulit
Authors: Widiawaty Alida , Rihatmadja Rahadi , Djurzan Aviyanti
Published: February 2018

Squamous cell carcinoma is a nonmelanoma skin malignancy derived from suprabasal keratinocytes. Although completeremission can occur after surgery, patients with advanced stage have poor prognosis. Some cases of high risk canmetastasis. Lymph node’s metastasis occur in approximately 4% of cases with 1,5% mortality rate. Difficulties inidentifying high risk cases and the absence of management guideline are contributing factors in patient mortality.Staging is a process to determine the presence and progression of cancer.
Distribusi Keganasan Organ Tiroid Berdasarkan Pemeriksaan Histopatologi di Kota Pekanbaru
Authors: Fidiawaty Wiwit Ade , Selvialiany Selvialiany , Zulfikar Welly
Published: February 2018

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death. Cancer can occur in various organs of the human body. Thyroid canceris one of the most common cancer. Pathological based registration indicates that thyroid cancer is the ninth of theoverall cancer and the most common type of endocrine related cancer. The purpose of this research was to determinethe distribution of thyroid cancer in Pekanbaru’s Hospital during 2009-2013 based on histopathologic type, age andgender. This research was a retrospective study were retrieved based on result of hospital’s histopathology laboratoriesand histopathology laboratories centers in Pekanbaru. The results showed 163 cases of thyroid cancer. Mostly foundat RSUD Arifin Achmad Riau Province as many as 106 cases (65%). The cancer was dominated by women (83,4%).The age range of most thyroid cancer is 35-44 years (24,5%). The most common histopathological type of thyroidcancer was papillary thyroid cancer, as many as 111 cases (68,1%).
Ko-infeksi Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) dengan Mycobacterium leprae
Authors: Anggraini Yuni Eka
Published: February 2018

Human immunodefficiency virus (HIV) epidemic covers several countries with endemic leprosy without any significantincrease in the number of patients co-infected with HIV and leprosy, so it can be concluded that HIV-positive does notincrease the risk of developing leprosy. Clinicopathological spectrum of leprosy patients who are co-infected withHIV is not changed. Leprosy may be attributed to the presence of immune recovery syndrome after the administrationof highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Long-term incubation period and the low incidence of leprosy inpatients with HIV make prospective cohort or case-control studies on the prevalence of leprosy among a group of HIVpositive and HIV negative hardly possible to be performed. The benefit of this circumstance is the HIV pandemicdoes not become a nuisance of the effort to control leprosy. Further studies on the molecular pathogenesis of M.leprae and other mycobacterial can provide an understanding of the differences of the pathogenesis in patients withHIV infection.
Pengaruh Olahraga Teratur Terhadap Kadar Estrogen Adiposa dan Estrogen Serum pada Tikus Sprague dawley yang Dilakukan Ovariektomi
Authors: Bebasari Eka
Published: February 2018

Menopause has some effects on women’s health. Exercise is one alternative to resolve menopausal complaints.Regular exercise can increase serum estrogen level in postmenopausal women. This increase is believed to occurthrough increased aromatization of androgen in extragonadal tissue especially adipose tissue in postmenopausal women.The purpose of this study is to explore estrogen levels in adipose tissue and serum due to regular exercise inovariectomized rats. A post-test only control group design was performed in this study. Ten female Sprague dawleyrats were used throughout the study and randomly selected. Rats were ovariectomized and divided into two groups:five rats in treated group and five rats in control group. Treatment groups get treadmill exercise for 8 weeks. Furthermore,rats blood were taken for examination of serum estrogen level, rats were killed and subcutaneous abdominal adiposetissue were removed for examination of estrogen level in adipose tissue. Statistical analysis was performed withindependent t test. Estrogen level in adipose tissue was higher in the treatment group but not statistically significant (p> 0,05). Higher serum estrogen levels in the control group but not statistically significant (p > 0,05). Extragonadalaromatization has occurred in adipose tissue of ovariectomized rats with regular exercise.
Deteksi Protozoa Usus Oportunistik pada Penderita Diare Anak di Puskesmas Rawat Inap Pekanbaru
Authors: Maryanti Esy , Lesmana Suri Dwi , Mandela Hendro
Published: February 2018

Diarrhea is still a public health problem, especially in developing countries. Diarrhea causes morbidity and highmortality in children. Diarrhea can be caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites and food poisoning. One of the parasitethat can cause diarrhea is intestinal protozoa. Lately, attention to intestinal opportunistic protozoan infections isincreasing. Opportunistic intestinal protozoa infection is an infection by intestinal protozoa that had not consideredimportant and now can cause disease in humans. Cryptosporidium sp, Cyclospora cayetanensis, Isospora belii andBlastocystis hominis are opportunistic intestinal protozoa. The clinical manifestations of the infection depends on theimmune status of patients, ranging from asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals to chronic diarrhea not curedand fatal in patients imunokompromis. This study aims to detect opportunistic intestinal protozoa in children withdiarrhea patients in health centers Inpatient Pekanbaru used modified acid fast stain procedure. A total of 76 samplestested positive obtained 22.3% of opportunistic intestinal protozoa found that 9.2% were infected with Cryptosporidiumsp, Cyclospora infection were 2.6% and Blastocystis hominis 10.5%, while Isospora not found.
Hubungan Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) dengan Hipertensi Menggunakan Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE)
Authors: Lestari Enny , Fikrani Meiliza Rausan , Maryanti Esy
Published: February 2018

Mild Cognitive Impairment is a decreasing in memory, decision, language and attention with normal functionalactivity which not classified in dementia. One of risk factor of MCI is high blood pressure or hypertension. Hypertensionis >140 mmHg systolic blood pressure and >90 mmHg diastolyc blood pressure. The purpose of this research is toinforming the relation between mild cognitive impairment and hypertension in Local Women Organization (PKK RWIX Kelurahan Tangkerang Timur Pekanbaru). The research used cross-sectional analitic study method, finished onJanuari 2015. Fifty subjects of Local Women Organization (PKK RW IX) were involved in this research, they weredivided into two criterias, 31 with MCI and 19 with non MCI. Based on the research, 21 of 31 MCI were detectedwith hypertension. The Chi Square test showed there is significant relation between MCI and hypertension (p value= 0,004 ).
Duration of immunity of a four-valent vaccine against bovine respiratory diseases
Authors: Philippe-Reversat Corinne , Homer David , Hamers Claude , Brunet Sylvie , Huňady Milan
Published: February 2018

This study demonstrated the duration of immunity over 6 months of a vaccine against key bovine respiratory disease pathogens: Parainfluenza 3, Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Bovine Viral Diarrhoea and Mannheimia haemolytica. This was performed by challenge on colostrum-deprived calves at the age of 2 weeks. Recent European field isolates were used as challenge strains. Clinical signs and pathogen excretion or presence were monitored. Field relevance of the viral challenge strains was analysed using phylogenic analysis. Significant reduction of excretion of the 3 viruses in vaccinated animals was a consistent finding, demonstrating the efficacy of the vaccine. Reducing shedding is indeed key to interrupting the infection transmission chain and helping to achieve the protective effects of immunisation that extend beyond the individual. A significant reduction of clinical signs and lung lesions following the Mannheimia haemolytica challenge was also observed in vaccinated animals versus controls. Comparison of the challenge strains to an array of global and European strains, including recent ones, demonstrated a high genetic proximity, supporting the potential for the vaccine to maintain similar levels of efficacy in the field over a 6-month period post vaccination.
Improvement of colitis by Lactobacillus plantarum LS/07 and inulin
Authors: Hijová Emília , Šoltésová Alena , Bertková Izabela , Štofilová Jana , Strojný Ladislav , Bomba Alojz
Published: February 2018

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum LS/07 and prebiotic inulin on the activity of β-glucuronidase, transcription nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), myeloperoxidase (MPO), cytokine levels (IL-6, IL-8, IL-13), and counts of coliforms and lactobacilli in rats with dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) induced acute colitis. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into groups: control (C), acute colitis (AC), prebiotic (Pre), and probiotic (Pro). Dextran sulphate sodium induced inflammatory process in the colonic tissue, increased the activity of β-glucuronidase (P < 0.05), increased counts of coliforms, decreased lactobacilli counts (P < 0.05), and activated production of the measured indicators NFκB, MPO, IL-6, IL-8, except of IL-13. Diet supplemented with L. plantarum and inulin alleviated DSS induced inflammatory process by inhibiting production of IL-6, IL-8, activities of NFκB and MPO, and by stimulation of IL-13. These results indicate that the dietary intake of Lactobacillus plantarum LS/07 and inulin suppressed the expression of markers playing an important role in the inflammatory process, which predisposes their use in prevention or treatment of acute colitis.
Kinetic properties of growth of intestinal sulphate-reducing bacteria isolated from healthy mice and mice with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Kushkevych Ivan , Vítězová Monika , Fedrová Pavla , Vochyanová Zora , Paráková Lenka , Hošek Jan
Published: February 2018

Inflammatory bowel disease including ulcerative colitis are complex multifactorial diseases of unknown aetiology. Sulphate-reducing bacteria are often associated with the occurrence of the disease. The physiological properties of intestinal sulphate-reducing bacteria including kinetic characteristic of their growth have never been reported. The aim of this research was to evaluate the presence of sulphate-reducing bacteria isolated from the intestines of mice, study their growth, calculate and compare the kinetic growth properties on the model of dextran sulphate sodium induced ulcerative colitis in the mice. The number of viable intestinal sulphate-reducing bacteria from the bowel lumen of mice with ulcerative colitis was higher (P> 0.05) by 22% at 12 h of cultivation compared with cultures of sulphate-reducing bacteria from the bowel lumen of healthy mice. The sulphate-reducing bacteria from mice with colitis also had a slightly higher generation time (14.29 h) and exponential growth phase (22.24 h) compared with cultures from healthy mice. The time of lag-phase was 2 × shorter (P> 0.01) in the cultures of sulphate-reducing bacteria from mice with ulcerative colitis. The described research is new and important for the prediction of the sulphate-reducing bacteria number in the gut and their rate of dissimilatory sulphate reduction. The kinetic characteristic of their growth is important for further clarification of the mechanisms of sulphate reduction and accumulation of hydrogen sulphide, which is toxic for epithelial cells of the intestine and can cause bowel diseases both in humans and animals, in particular ulcerative colitis.
Defining Doctorateness: A Concept Analysis
Authors: Yazdani Shahram , Shokooh Foroozan
Published: February 2018

Aim/Purpose: This study analyses the concept of doctorateness and its defining characteristics and gives a definition for it by examining the various ways it is used in doctoral education literature.

Background: The term ‘doctorateness’ is an immature unclarified concept referred to as a common quality for all doctoral awards. With the emergence of different types of doctoral studies worldwide, a clear definition for this concept is a requirement. Defining doctorateness can result in major implications for research and the practice of doctoral education, as determining attributes of doctorateness will pose serious expectations regarding standard setting for the process and outcome of doctoral programs and requirements of doctoral students.

Methodology: In this study, Walker and Avant’s eight step method of concept analysis is used. The method is a systematic approach frequently used to analyze relatively new concepts.

Contribution: The current study moves beyond the earlier studies by isolating defining attributes of the concept and giving a clear conceptual definition for doctorateness.

Findings: Five defining attribute of doctorateness refined from literature include independent scholar, developmental and transformative apprenticeship process, original conceptual contribution/scholarship, highest academic degree, and stewardship of the discipline. Based on the defining attributes a definition is formulated for the concept of doctorateness. In addition to giving a definition a conceptual model consisting of five conceptual areas of purpose, process, product, prerequisite, and impact according to the usage of concept in the literature is also presented.

Recommendations for Practitioners: By using the conceptual model and defining attributes presented in this study practitioners and professionals in doctoral education can study the effective design for doctoral programs and utilize the definition as a basis for evidencing doctoral awards.

Future Research: Defining attributes can also contribute to psychometric researches related to tool development and constructing tools with explicit criteria for doctorate judgment.
The Incorporation of Communicative Language Teaching into the Elaboration of Interactive Software for ESL/EFL Learning
Authors: Borges Vladia
Published: February 2018

Investigates the extent to which currently available ESL/EFL software programs develop language skills according to the principles of Communicative Teaching and an interactive approach to computer use for language learning. An ESL/EFL software evaluation instrument was developed, tested for its reliability and validity, and then used to evaluate fifteen software programs. Results indicated that only two programs incorporated more than seventy percent of the technological, pedagogical, and individualization features associated with the principles of Communicative Language Teaching and an interactive approach to computer use for language learning.
A Qualitative Study of the Epistemological Interplay between Teachers and Students in a High Stakes Testing Environment
Authors: Bierman Donald
Published: February 2018

Employing grounded theory methodology informed by microethnographic discourse analysis, studies the classroom conversations, interviews with students and teachers, and students' written texts in a high stakes test preparation program for tenth graders to determine the effects students and teachers have upon one another's epistemological beliefs concerning the source of knowledge. Students were preparing for the Connecticut Academic Performance Test (CAPT).
An Investigation of Communication Patterns and Strategies between International Teaching Assistants and Undergraduate Students in University-level Science Labs
Authors: Gourlay Barbara
Published: February 2018

Investigates communication between international teaching assistants and their undergraduate students in university-level chemistry labs. Qualitative and quantitative data from observations and interviews with study participants guide the analysis of laboratory interactions, which examines patterns of conversational listening. Results reveal that successful communication depends on teaching assistant listening comprehension skills and on the coordination of verbal and visual (gestural and physical resources) sources of information.
The Relationship between Assistive Technology State Standards for Teachers, Assistive Technology Implementation, and Student Performance in the Context of Evidence-based Practice
Authors: Dalton Elizabeth
Published: February 2018

Identifies, through a national survey, states' formally-adopted assistive technology standards for teachers, the evidence on which these standards were based, and the extent of state support for the implementation of these standards by teachers. Applies descriptive analysis to the data collected for these three areas of study and compares the results with national performance measures for students with disabilities via regression analysis.
Making Waves with Critical Literacy
Authors: Fortuna Carolyn
Published: February 2018

A qualitative study undertaken in 2007 that explores the application of critical literacy pedagogy within English language arts classes of an upper middle class public high school. Results demonstrate that when students recontextualize their own modalities, literacies, and cultures as part of their learning experience, they begin to understand the concept of social justice for all.
Literacy Coaching
Authors: May Patricia
Published: February 2018

Examines the experience of four elementary level classroom teachers and one coach as they engaged in a year-long literacy coaching program. Analysis of coach/teacher interactions highlights the role of reflective thought in teacher learning and positions reflective thought as a foundational premise of teacher learning. In addition, as a result of the discovery process inherent in the grounded theory design, finds that teachers' goal setting influenced movement along a gradual release of responsibility (GRR) continuum of adult learning.
Gendered Patterns in High Achievement in Mathematics for Grades 4,6, and 8
Authors: Falvey Laura
Published: February 2018

Since 2001 , No Child Left Behind (N CLB) legislation has mandated that every state test students' educational progress annually, allowing each state to choose among many different instruments (Hoff, 2008). This demand for educational testing of all students has enabled the growth and availability of raw achievement data for subject areas tested and created an opportunity for a wide range of knowledge discovery. Not all states report testing results disaggregated by gender but in 2008, Hyde, Lindberg, Linn, Ellis, and Williams conducted research on data from I 0 states that do. They found the weighted mean achievement scores in mathematics showed no statistical difference between males and females for all tested grades (2 through 11) for those states' data (Hyde, Lindberg, Linn, Ellis, & Williams, 2008). This finding aligns with research showing increasing parity for females in mathematics achievement (National Center for Education Statistics, 2003a).

In the current study, a northeastern state's annual NCLB test results for students in 4th, 6th, and 8th grades, during the 2010-2011 school year, are the source of data. An examination of mean scores for this population shows no gender differences in mathematics achievement. Reporting achievement results solely based on the statistical mean of test scores potentially overlooks information that other examinations of the distribution may provide especially when the area of interest is high achieving students (Koerselman, 201 0). The purpose of this study is to examine extremes in high mathematics achievement testing data to determine whether inequitable patterns exist along gendered lines. The following research questions are be addressed in this research:

• Are there meaningful differences between males and females in mathematics achievement in grades 4, 6, and 8 at the upper extremes of the distribution?

• How do race, socioeconomic status, and limited proficiency in English intersect with gender at the upper extremes of achievement?

Gender issues surrounding equity in mathematics achievement have important implications for both educational systems and society. Although many elements influence the underrepresentation of women in the STEM pipeline, achievement in mathematics is positively linked to entrance into the fields of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (Steen, 1987; Tai, Liu, Maltese, & Fan, 2006; Miller & Kimmel, 201 0). By delving deeply into one state's mathematical achievement data, early evidence of concealed but influential disparities in male and female performance in mathematics may be described. This study's goal is to add quantitatively to the conversation about gender and mathematics achievement. By using regression methods to unravel the extremes of achievement data by gender, it is hoped that potentially overlooked inequities will be illuminated, and in time, addressed in curricula and instructional reforms.
Describing Comprehension
Authors: Vander Does Susan
Published: February 2018

Teachers' observations of student performance in reading are abundant and insightful but often remain internal and unarticulated. As a result, such observations are an underutilized and undervalued source of data. Given the gaps in knowledge about students’ reading comprehension that exist in formal assessments, the frequent calls for teachers’ observational data to fill these gaps, and the paucity of research on teachers as assessment instruments, this study sought to learn more about the knowledge teachers gain about students’ comprehension through embedded observation.

This research was framed by a transactional conception of reading and informed by cognitive and sociocultural studies of reading comprehension. It was guided by two questions: 1). What do teachers notice about students’ reading comprehension? 2). How do they articulate what they observe and interpret?

Data were derived from a three-phased set of semi-structured interviews conducted with ten study participants, teachers employing a transactional strategic instructional approach in grades two through five. Quantitative and qualitative analyses resulted in a comprehension framework that organizes teachers’ observations into three categories: stance, technique, and interpretation. The three categories are comprised of nine observed states and twenty-seven ranges with definitions and exemplars derived from the data. Teachers’ observational methods are characterized as a real-time data processing system in which dimensions of comprehension are articulated as moments, patterns, and trends.

Implications for teachers, professional development and public policy are discussed. First, a comprehension framework, drawn from participants’ observations of student comprehension, is offered to teachers as a tool for reflecting on and organizing knowledge of students gained through embedded observation. Multiple forms of collaborative inquiry are suggested to support teachers’ interpretation and use of observational data to inform instruction. Finally, active support for teachers’ local and continuous knowledge construction and a greater appreciation of the complexity and value of the data teachers generate through embedded observation are considered essential to the implementation of data-based instruction.
Professional Development in Historical Inquiry
Authors: Wood Thalia
Published: February 2018

Educators in the social studies content area have struggled for over a century with how to best instruct their students in critical thinking. A growing group of researchers in the discipline of history, one of the major components of social studies education, support teaching the domain-specific skills of historical thinking through the process of historical inquiry. Nevertheless, many social studies teachers lack the pedagogical content knowledge to instruct their students in historical thinking skills through historical inquiry. This multiple case study sought to examine how two social studies teachers might change their knowledge, beliefs and practices after engaging in eight historical inquiry professional development sessions. The professional development in historical inquiry incorporated many characteristics shown to be effective based on research studies. The theoretical frameworks for the study included social constructivist learning theory, expert/novice learning theory, and teacher change theory. Analysis of data from teacher and student interviews, teacher surveys, classroom observations, teacher reflective journals, artifact review, and audio recordings of the professional development sessions revealed significant patterns within and across the two case study participants. Changes observed in the teachers’ knowledge, beliefs and practices indicated they were able to instruct their students in historical thinking skills through historical inquiry within their respective curriculums. However, both teachers faced the challenges of curriculum design and time constraints, and students’ varied developmental and motivation levels. Findings from this study have implications for how to support social studies teachers as they develop pedagogical content knowledge in historical inquiry in order to teach their students historical thinking skills.
World Class(ed) Talk
Authors: Hospod Thomas
Published: February 2018

As American higher education proceeds with the internationalization process of the undergraduate curriculum, college and university campuses continue to advocate for higher levels of study abroad participation among the student population. Originating from a tradition that perceived involvement as a luxury for a select few, these experiences are now commonly viewed as a means for the general student body to develop the knowledge and the 21st century skills required to fully engage the global context in which we live. Despite the continued expansion in the number of students participating, the general profile of participants has remained stubbornly similar, with individuals of “lower” socioeconomic standing and social class origins consistently identified as being underrepresented in these programs.

This investigation aims to better understand this low-income segment of the student population by researching the experience of Pell Grant recipients who did study abroad to determine what factors supported their decision to proceed with participation. The study also seeks to better understand these students’ experience while abroad and upon reentry into their domestic social networks. Employing Seidman’s (2006) structure for in-depth, phenomenological interviewing as a guide, a three-interview series was used to explore the experience of 17 students at a public flagship university in the northeast region of the U.S. Theoretical concepts of social and cultural capital developed by Pierre Bourdieu are utilized to frame the study and to analyze the constructed discourse, as well as to foreground issues of social class and status.

The analysis revealed two groups of low-income participants roughly distinguished by parents’ educational levels and associated social and cultural capital of their families. By examining the discourse of these study abroad alumni, the objective is to produce knowledge that can be used to gain a more robust understanding of these participants to better inform international educators how to encourage and support participation, to expand these opportunities to this population, and to gain deeper insight into how to effectively support them throughout the study abroad process. Recommendations for international educators and further research are suggested.
Capability of Pocket Penetrometer to Evaluate Unconfined Compressive Strength of Baghdad Clayey Soil
Authors: Yasun Azhar Sadiq
Published: February 2018

Unconfined compressive strength represents an important parameter for soil investigation report test results because the values of cohesion and allowable bearing capacity can directly obtained from the relevant test especially if the clayey soil layers are found at sufficient enough depth above water table level.

This paper deals with simple comparison (based on (31) soil samples) between unconfined compressive strength (qu) obtained by using the pocket soil penetrometer tool and the unconfined compressive strength using the conventional test for the same sample penetrated by the pocket penetrometer with different soil moisture contents. Two triaxial specimens, sample type-1- with dimensions 38 X 79mm and type-2- with dimensions 33 X 79mm(diam. X height)) prepared in the libratory.

It was found that the results refers that soil pocket penetrometer readings are closed enough to the results that obtained from the unconfined compression test result with certain conditions.

The average percentage of difference between penetrometer readings and unconfined compression test result values was (1.103%) for sample type-1- and (1.53%) for sample type -2-.

The maximum moisture content for all tests samples was (27.3%) and the minimum was (14.7%) while the average moisture content was(20.9%).
Effect of Aging on Corrosion Behavior of Martensite Phase in Cu-Al-Be Shape Memory Alloy
Authors: Al-Haidary Jafer T. , Aldulaimi Ali M. , Hamza Ahmed A.
Published: February 2018

The corrosion behavior of martensite phase in Cu-Al-Be shape memory alloy with aging at 150  at time 2,4and 6 hour and quenching ice water with salt, water at room temperature and oil media study by open circuit potential, tafal polarization and cyclic polarization. The microstructure of martensite study by optical microscope and x-ray diffraction(XRD) and transformation temperature was determined by Diﬀerential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC).the result show aging martensite at 150   at 2 and 4 hour have high open circuit potential, low corrosion current density , high corrosion potential and pitting potential than  martensite without aging.
Galvanic Corrosion of Copper / Nickel-Chrome Alloy in an Agitated Sulfuric Acid Solution
Authors: Hussein Samar S. , Hasan Basim O. , Al-Haboubi Naseer A.
Published: February 2018

Galvanic corrosion of Nickel-Chrome alloy (Ni-Cr alloy) and Copper (Cu) coupled in 5% sulfuric acid solution was investigated. The effects of agitation velocity, temperature, and time on the galvanic corrosion current and the weight loss of both metals in both free corrosion and galvanic corrosion were investigated. The trends of open circuit potential (OCP) of each metal and galvanic potential (Eg) of the couple were also determined. The results showed that Cu was cathodic relative to Ni-Cr alloy in galvanic couple and the corrosion potential of the couple (Ni- Cr alloy /Cu) was between the values of the two single components because the OCP of copper shifted to positive with the increase in velocity. Under stagnant conditions initially the galvanic current was more negative then shifted to the positive with time. The corrosion of Ni-Cr alloy decreased with time because the passivation layer was formed on the surface. Under flow conditions, the galvanic current sharply shifted to the negative direction (increase galvanic current from Ni-Cr alloy (anode) to Cu (cathode) during the first few minutes.
Investigation on Influence of Ultrasonic Impact Treatment (UIT) on Fatigue Life for Aluminium Alloy 2017-T4
Authors: Alalkawi Hussain J. M. , Alhamdany Aseel A. , Abdul Hassan Marib R.
Published: February 2018

Improving fatigue life is one of the most important issues in mechanical design; an investigation has been conducted on Al 2017-T4. Group of samples have been machined and prepared, some of specimens have been treated using the ultrasonic impact treatment (UIT) with one line peening. The fatigue tests were carried out under constant and variable amplitude (R=-1) at ambient temperature, in order to find out the fatigue life S-N curve and strength after treatment. It has been found significant increasing in strength after it was treated by (UIT).  The fatigue strength is improved after treatment up to 4.16% at 107 cycles, enhancement are present with 24% and 18.78% for the cumulative fatigue lives low-high and high–low respectively.  These results also show a strong tendency of increasing of fatigue strength after application of (UIT) with increase in mechanical properties of material used.
Endothelial Repair and Endothelial Cell-Derived Secretome
Authors: Alexander E. Berezin
Published: February 2018

Growing evidence supports the hypothesis that endothelial cell-derived microparticles (MPs) might contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular (CV) disease. Endothelial cell-derived MPs play a pivotal role in the regulation of the endogenous repair system, thrombosis, coagulation, inflammation, immunity and metabolic memory phenomenon. There is evidence that the MPs are secreted actively accompanied to other regulatory molecules. All these actively synthetizing and secreting factors include proteins, adhesion and intercellular signal molecules, peptides, lipids, free DNAs, microRNAs, and even microparticles (MPs) are defined as cellular secretome. The proteomic profile of secretome is under tightly control of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, which may altered a secretion of the proteins involved into MPs’ organization. Finally, this may contribute the modification of MP’s after their secretion and throughout transfer to the target cells. As a result, communicative ability of endothelial cell-derived MPs may sufficiently worse. Subsequently, cross talk between some components of secretome might modulate delivering cargos of MPs and their regenerative and proliferative capabilities via intercellular signaling networks. The aim of the review is to discuss the effect of various components of secretome on MP-dependent effects on endothelium.
Evaluating the Efficiency of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana to Control the Brown Banded Cockroach Supella longipalpa F.
Authors: Shafeeq Al-Salihi Maan Abdul Azeez
Published: February 2018

Entomopathogenic fungi can be ideal for the biocontrol of cockroaches since it is environment-friendly microbial pesticide. Susceptibility of second and fourth instar of nymphs and adults of the brown banded cockroach, Supella longipalpa (F.) (Blattodea: Blattellidae) to the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. at two concentrations 1x 107 and 1x 108 spore/ml was evaluated. Fungus was tested by using two different methods: bait and direct contact. Mortality was monitored after 3, 5 and 7 days’ post exposure. Direct contact of B. bassiana at concentration 1x 107 spore/ml produced mortality on adults 82.76% and for fourth and second instar of nymphs 82.76 and 93.10% after 7 days’ post treatment, respectively. When S. longipalpa was exposed to bait with B. bassiana the mortality percentage was 37.93% for the adults, and caused 64.29 and 58.62% mortality to the second and fourth instar of nymphs, after 7 days from treatment, respectively. Nymphs and adults of S. longipalpa treated by direct contact with B. bassiana at 1x 108 spore/ml, produced mortality on adults, fourth and second instar of nymphs 78.57, 93.10 and100% after 7 days’ post treatment, respectively. Method of bait the mortality for adults, fourth and second instar of nymphs were 51.72, 72.41 and 78.57% after 7 days’ post treatment, respectively. Results showed differences in susceptibility between nymphs and adults of S. longipalpa. Adult and nymph instars (fourth and second) mortalities due to direct contact by B. bassiana suspension (1x 107 and 1x 108 spore/ml) produce high mortalities (53.51, 93.10, 82.76% and 78.57, 100, 93.10%) respectively.
Panchromatic and Multispectral Image Fusion by Combining IHS Transform and Haar Wavelet
Authors: Hamed Alaa A. , Al-Safar Amna , Taha Namar A.
Published: February 2018

The technique of integrate complimentary details from two or more input images is known as image fusion.  The fusion image is more informational and will be complete more than any of the original input images. This paper Illustrates implementation and evaluation of fusion techniques used on the Satellite images a high-resolution Panchromatic (Pan) and Multispectral (MS). A new algorithm is proposed to fuse a  Pan  and MS  of the lowresolution images based on combining IHS and Haar wavelet transform.Firstly, this paper clarifies the classical fusion by using IHS transform and Haar wavelet transform individually. Secondly proposition new strategy of combining the two methods. Performance of the proposed method is evaluated with the help of assessment parameter such as Mean Square Error and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio. Experiment results shows that the proposed algorithm has higher performance than the classical fusion by IHS transform.
Organizational Knowledge Systems Design & Implementation
Authors: AlShehhi Abdulmunem , Mansoor Wathiq
Published: February 2018

This research paper aims to explain relationships of   organization learning (OL), knowledge management (KM), talent management (TM) practices and organizational performance (OP) in order to have excellent understanding of the subject by using in-depth analysis of the extant literature. This research offers mechanisms for Organizational Knowledge Systems (OKS) that will help the entity to apply OKS. The research paper has created a complete mechanism of the OKS then tests the proposed model.

Keywords: Organization Learning, Knowledge Management, Talent Management and Organization Knowledge Systems.