bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Simple Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Ketenimines.
Authors: Bayat Mohammad , Imanieh Hossien , Hossieninejad Elham
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of α‐Substituted Amino Acid Ester: Alkylation and Hydrogenation Removal of Schiff′s Base Protecting Group.
Authors: Ansari Aslam M. , Ugwu Sydney O.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An “anti‐Baldwin” 3‐Exo‐Dig Cyclization: Preparation of Vinylidene Cyclopropanes from Electron‐Poor Alkenes.
Authors: Campbell Matthew J. , Pohlhaus Patrick D. , Min Geanna , Ohmatsu Kohsuke , Johnson Jeffrey S.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Synthesis of Spiro[2.6]nonadienones by the Reaction of Magnesium Cyclopropylidenes with Naphtholates and Phenolates.
Authors: Satoh Tsuyoshi , Nagamoto Shinobu , Yajima Masanobu , Yamada Yukie , Ohata Yuki , Tadokoro Makoto
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Primary Aromatic Amines under Irradiation with Ultrasound and/or Microwaves.
Authors: Wu Zhilin , Ondruschka Bernd , Cravotto Giancarlo , Garella Davide , Asgari Jila
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Optimization of Enantiopure 2‐Cyclialkylamino‐2‐aryl‐1,1‐diphenylethanols as Catalytic Ligands for Enantioselective Additions to Aldehydes.
Authors: Rodriguez‐Escrich Sergi , Reddy Katamreddy Subba , Jimeno Ciril , Colet Gisela , Rodriguez‐Escrich Carles , Sola Lluis , Vidal‐Ferran Anton , Pericas Miquel A.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones Catalyzed by Ruthenium(II) Complexes Bearing a Chiral Phosphinoferrocenyloxazoline Ligand.
Authors: Madrigal Cesar A. , Garcia‐Fernandez Almudena , Gimeno Jose , Lastra Elena
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I)‐Promoted Synthesis of Chloromethyl Ketones from Trichloromethyl Carbinols.
Authors: Ram Ram N. , Manoj T. P.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Trifluoromethylation of N‐Benzoylhydrazones.
Authors: Dilman Alexander D. , Arkhipov Dmitry E. , Levin Vitalij V. , Belyakov Pavel A. , Korlyukov Alexander A. , Struchkova Marina I. , Tartakovsky Vladimir A.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Triphenylarsine‐Catalyzed Cyclopropanation: Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of trans‐2,3‐Dihydro‐spiro[cyclopropane‐1,2′‐indan‐1′,3′‐dione] from Alkene and Phenacyl Bromide.
Authors: Ren Zhongjiao , Cao Weiguo , Tong Weiqi , Chen Jie , Deng Hongmei , Wu Danyi
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α‐Trifluoromethyl‐β‐lactams and Esters of β‐Amino Acids via 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Nitrones to Fluoroalkenes.
Authors: Jakowiecki Jakub , Loska Rafal , Makosza Mieczyslaw
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: meso‐Phbox‐Pd(II) Catalyzed Tandem Carbonylative Cyclization of 1‐Ethynyl‐1‐propargyl Acetate
Authors: Kato Keisuke , Teraguchi Ryuhei , Motodate Satoshi , Uchida Akira , Mochida Tomoyuki , Peganova Tat'yana A. , Vologdin Nikolai V. , Akita Hiroyuki
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Solar Thermochemical Reactions. Part 2. Synthesis of 2‐Aminothiophenes via Gewald Reaction Induced by Solar Thermal Energy.
Authors: Mekheimer Ramadan Ahmed , Ameen Mohamed Abdallah , Sadek Kamal Usef
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New and Expeditious Tandem Sequence Aza‐Michael/Intramolecular Nucleophilic Substitution Route to Substituted γ‐Lactams: Synthesis of the Tricyclic Core of (.+‐.)‐Martinellines.
Authors: Comesse Sebastien , Sanselme Morgane , Daich Adam
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Green N‐Detosylation of Indoles and Related Heterocycles Using Phase Transfer Catalysis.
Authors: Liu Yugang , Shen Lichun , Prashad Mahavir , Tibbatts Jessica , Repic Oljan , Blacklock Thomas J.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Rigid Analogues of Tryptamine as Potential Serotonin Ligands Through Pd(0)‐Catalyzed Diaryl Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Kambhampati Ramasastri , Kothmirkar Prabhakar , Deshpande Amol D. , Arepalli Sobhanadri , Karturi Kameswara Rao , Pamuleti Narasimha Reddy G. , Shinde Anil K. , Nirogi Ramakrishna V. S.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Glyoxylic Acid as Catalyst: A Simple Selective Synthesis of 1,2‐Disubstituted Benzimidazoles in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Pawar Shivaji S. , Dekhane Deepak V. , Shingare Murlidhar S. , Thore Shivaji N.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Mono‐ and Bicyclic Heterocyclic Derivatives Containing 1,2,4‐Triazole, 1,3,4‐Thia‐, and ‐Oxadiazole Rings.
Authors: El‐Sayed Wael A. , Hegab Mohamed I. , Tolan Hala E. M. , Abdel‐Rahman Adel A.‐H.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: P2O5‐Promoted Efficient and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Substituted 5‐Methylene‐dihydropyran‐2,6‐diones and 3‐Methylene‐3,4‐dihydropyran‐2‐ones
Authors: Singh Vijay , Madapa Sudharshan , Batra Sanjay
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Benzo[c]xanthones from 2‐Benzylidene‐1‐tetralones by the Ultraviolet Radiation‐Mediated Tandem Reaction.
Authors: Xu Wen‐Zhi , Huang Zhi‐Tang , Zheng Qi‐Yu
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Tunable Bisphosphine Ligands and Their Application in Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Quinolines.
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Bing , Zhou Yong‐Gui
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of 4‐(Indole‐3‐yl)quinazolines — A New Class of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors.
Authors: Lueth Anja , Loewe Werner
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 6‐Pyridylaminopurines.
Authors: Demange Luc , Oumata Nassima , Quinton Julia , Bouaziz Serge , Lozach Olivier , Meijer Laurent , Galons Herve
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Furazan Ring Opening upon Treatment of Benzofurazan with Ethanolamine to Yield Quinoxalines.
Authors: Samsonov V. A.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,4‐Dienyl Selenides by Hydrostannylation—Stille Tandem Reaction of Acetylenic Selenides with Bu3SnH and Allylic Bromides.
Authors: Yu La Mei , Hao Wen Yan , Cai Ming Zhong
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Pathway of Alkylation of 2‐(4‐Bromobenzylidene)‐p‐menthan‐3‐one with Ethyl Bromoacetate.
Authors: Krivoshei A. I. , Shishkina S. V. , Vashchenko V. V. , Shishkin O. V.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Conversion of Carbohydrates into 1‐C‐Alditols: Application to the Synthesis of Chiral γ‐Substituted Butenolides and Bicyclic Alkaloid Analogues.
Authors: Boto Alicia , Hernandez Dacil , Hernandez Rosendo
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Automated Synthesis of Lipomannan Backbone α(1—6) Oligomannoside via Glycosyl Phosphates: Glycosyl Tricyclic Orthoesters Revisited.
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Wada Reiko , Boonyarattanakalin Siwarutt , Castagner Bastien , Seeberger Peter H.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Four Novel Gelsedine‐Type Oxindole Alkaloids from Gelsemium elegans.
Authors: Yamada Yousuke , Kitajima Mariko , Kogure Noriyuki , Takayama Hiromitsu
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Carexanes from Carex distachya Desf.: Revised Stereochemistry and Characterization of Four Novel Polyhydroxylated Prenylstilbenes.
Authors: Fiorentino Antonio , D'Abrosca Brigida , Pacifico Severina , Iacovino Rosa , Izzo Angelina , Uzzo Piera , Russo Agostino , Di Blasio Benedetto , Monaco Pietro
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Combination of Ionic Liquid [bmim]PF6 with Boron Trifluoride Etherate as an Efficient Catalytic System for the Glycosylation of α‐Tocopherol and Naphthotocopherol.
Authors: Spivak A. Yu. , Knyshenko O. V. , Ivanova O. V. , Mallyabaeva M. I. , Murtazina E. S. , Ponedel'kina I. Yu. , Odinokov V. N.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Convergent Total Syntheses of Fluvibactin (III) and Vibriobactin (IV) Using Molybdenum(VI) Oxide‐Catalyzed Dehydrative Cyclization as a Key Step.
Authors: Sakakura Akira , Umemura Shuhei , Ishihara Kazuaki
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Belizeanic Acid: A Potent Protein Phosphatase 1 Inhibitor Belonging to the Okadaic Acid Class, with an Unusual Skeleton.
Authors: Cruz Patricia G. , Fernandez Jose Javier , Norte Manuel , Daranas Antonio Hernandez
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Sorption‐Enhanced Hydrogen Production: A Review
Authors: Harrison Douglas P.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Optical Properties of Cation‐Substituted Zinc Oxide
Authors: Kim Young‐Il , Seshadri Ram
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structures, Physical Properties, and Chemistry of Layered Oxychalcogenides and Oxypnictides
Authors: Clarke Simon J. , Adamson Paul , Herkelrath Sebastian J. C. , Rutt Oliver J. , Parker Dinah R. , Pitcher Michael J. , Smura Catherine F.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Elusive Chemistry of Bent‐Aandwich Chromocene
Authors: Shapiro Pamela J.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Transmetallation Reactions Involving Group 10 Metals
Authors: Wendt Ola F.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Definition Self‐Assemblies Driven by the Hydrophobic Effect: Synthesis and Properties of a Supramolecular Nanocapsule
Authors: Liu Simin , Gibb Bruce C.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd—NHC (PEPPSI) Complexes: Synthetic Utility and Computational Studies into Their Reactivity
Authors: Organ Michael G. , Chass Gregory A. , Fang De‐Cai , Hopkinson Alan C. , Valente Cory
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐Phase and Microwave‐Assisted Syntheses of 2,5‐Diketopiperazines: Small Molecules with Great Potential
Authors: O'Neill Jennifer C. , Blackwell Helen E.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Glycoconjugated Branched Macromolecular Architectures
Authors: Narumi Atsushi , Kakuchi Toyoji
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,2‐Diheteroatom‐substituted Alkanoic Acid Esters
Authors: Westbrook J. A. , Schaus S. E.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkenyl Alkanoates
Authors: Nelson S. G.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Carboxylic Acid Esters: Synthesis by Rearrangement
Authors: Phillips A. J. , Love C. E.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetraalkylammonium Ions in Aqueous and Non‐Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Marcus Yizhak
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Optical properties of ZnO nano fiber thin films grown by spray pyrolysis of zinc acetate precursor
Authors: Islam M. R. , Podder J.
Published: November 2008

Good homogeneous and stoichiometric ZnO nanofiber thin films have been deposited onto cleaned glass substrate by a simple spray pyrolysis technique under atmospheric pressure using zinc acetate precursor at temperature 200 °C. Films of various thicknesses have been obtained by varying the deposition time, while all other deposition parameters such as spray rate, carrier gas pressure and distance between spray nozzle to substrate were kept constant. Surface morphology and optical properties of the as deposited thin films have been studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) attached with an EDX and UV visible spectroscopy. From EDX data, atomic weight% of Zinc and Oxygen were found to be 49.22% and 49.62% respectively. The SEM micrograph of the film shows uniform deposition and scattered nano fiber around the nucleation centers. The optical band gap of the ZnO thin films was found to be in the range 3.3 to 3.4 eV and the band gap decreases with thickness of the film. Optical constants such as refractive index, extinction coefficient, real and imaginary parts of dielelectric constants were evaluated from reflectance and absorbance spectra. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Preparation of crystalline fibres of codoped BaAl2O4:Eu2+:Cr3+
Authors: Ryu H. , Bartwal K. S.
Published: November 2008

Phosphor material BaAl2O4:Eu2+, Cr3+ with varying concentrations of Cr co‐doping were prepared by solid‐state synthesis method. Crystalline fibres were obtained by controlled annealing temperature. Synthesized compositions were characterized for their phase and crystallinity by powder x‐ray diffraction. The crystalline morphology was investigated using SEM analysis. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) in image and diffraction modes was used to investigate the microstructure. The effect of Cr doping on quality and morphology of grown crystals was investigated. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
IFN regulatory factor (IRF) 3/7‐dependent and ‐independent gene induction by mammalian DNA that escapes degradation
Authors: Okabe Yasutaka , Kawane Kohki , Nagata Shigekazu
Published: November 2008

DNase II in macrophages cleaves the DNA of engulfed apoptotic cells and of nuclei expelled from erythroid precursor cells. Macrophages in DNase II‐deficient mice accumulate undigested DNA and constitutively produce IFN‐β as well as TNF‐α. The IFN‐β causes severe anemia in the DNase II−/− embryos, which die prenatally. On the other hand, when the DNase II gene is inactivated postnatally, mice develop polyarthritis owing to the TNF‐α produced by macrophages. Here, we showed that the IFN‐β gene activation in DNase II−/− mice is dependent on IFN regulatory factor (IRF) 3 and 7. Accordingly, DNase II−/−IRF3−/−IRF7−/− mice do not suffer from anemia, but they still produce TNF‐α, and age‐dependently develop chronic polyarthritis. A microarray analysis of the gene expression in the fetal liver revealed a set of genes that is induced in DNase II−/− mice in an IRF3/IRF7‐dependent manner, and another set that is induced independent of these factors. These results indicate that the mammalian chromosomal DNA that accumulates in macrophages due to inefficient degradation activates genes in both IRF3/IRF7‐dependent and ‐independent manners.
Altered gene expression in breast cancer liver metastases
Authors: Erin Nuray , Wang Ning , Xin Ping , Bui Voung , Weisz Judith , Barkan Guliz A. , Zhao Wei , Shearer Debra , Clawson Gary A.
Published: November 2008

We previously developed a highly aggressive cell line from heart metastases of 4T1 breast carcinoma (designated 4THM), which produced liver metastases (designated 4TLM). In this study, gene array analysis (GAEA) compared gene expression profiles in 4TLM with profiles in 4T1 and 4THM primary tumors. GAEA demonstrated that 4T1 and 4THM tumors differed in about 250 genes. Over 1,000 genes, however, were expressed differently in 4TLM compared with primary tumors. A cohort of 16 genes showed significantly decreased expression in 4THM tumors, which decreased even further in 4TLM. Many of these genes have been implicated in breast cancer, and many are involved in cell adhesion and junctional complexes. Expression of multiple tight and adherence junction proteins was either downregulated or disappeared in 4TLM; downregulation of claudin 4, claudin 7 and γ‐catenin was confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunoblot, and immunocytochemical (ICC) analyses. At the protein level, intact ZO‐1 was also observed in 4T1 tumors, but was not expressed in 4THM or 4TLM tumors. ICC demonstrated expression of γ‐catenin at the plasma membrane with 4T1 tumors, whereas staining appeared to be nuclear/perinuclear in 4THM tumors. Claudin 7 staining was also seen in monocyte/pmacrophage‐like cells in liver around metastatic lesions by ICC, and it appeared that larger 4TLM tumors apparently reexpressed claudin 7 RNA and protein. Our results demonstrate that decreased or abnormal expression of a number of cell adhesion/junctional proteins, including claudin 4, 7, ZO‐1 and γ‐catenin, correlates with liver metastases, and that cell adhesion molecules in the microenvironment are also altered. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hypoxia‐mediated up‐regulation of MGr1‐Ag/37LRP in gastric cancers occurs via hypoxia‐inducible‐factor 1‐dependent mechanism and contributes to drug resistance
Authors: Liu Lili , Sun Li , Zhang Hongbo , Li Zhichao , Ning Xiaoxuan , Shi Yongquan , Guo Changcun , Han Shuang , Wu Kaichun , Fan Daiming
Published: November 2008

Our previous study demonstrated hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1(HIF‐1) could prompt multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype and MGr1‐Ag/37LRP, a novel drug‐resistance protein was reported by our labortary, associated with multidrug resistance in gastric cancer. Given this association, we hypothesized that MGr1‐Ag/37LRP contributed to HIF‐1‐dependent hypoxia‐induced MDR phenotype. Initial experiments revealed that blocking MGr1‐Ag/37LRP expression by siRNA in gastric cancer cells effectively reversed multidrug resistance phenotype induced by hypoxia. Subsequent analysis of MGr1‐Ag/37LRP mRNA and protein in gastric cancer cells revealed a time‐dependent manner increase with hypoxia. While the up‐regulation of MGr1‐Ag/37LRP was abolished by HIF‐1 inhibition with siRNA. Studies using luciferase promoter constructs revealed a significant increase in activity in cells subject to hypoxia and such hypoxia inducibility was lost in cells co‐transfected siRNA targeting HIF‐1. Analysis of the MGr1‐Ag/37LRP promoter revealed several potential binding sites for HIF‐1. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated a functional HIF‐1 binding site within MGr1‐Ag/37LRP gene regulatory sequence located at −16 to −11 relative to the transcriptional initiation point. These observations demonstrate that MGr1‐Ag/37LRP is actively engaged by hypoxia and represent a novel HIF‐1 target. Such results suggest hypoxia‐elicited MGr1‐Ag/37LRP expression as a pathway for resistance of gastric cancer to chemotherapeutics. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Platelet‐rich plasma alone is not sufficient to enhance suture repair of the ACL in skeletally immature animals: An in vivo study
Authors: Murray Martha M. , Palmer Matthew , Abreu Eduardo , Spindler Kurt P. , Zurakowski David , Fleming Braden C.
Published: November 2008

In this study, we hypothesize that supplementation of suture repair of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) with platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) will improve the biomechanics of the repair. Six 30‐kg pigs underwent bilateral suture repair of the ACL. One side was treated with suture repair alone, while the contralateral side was treated with suture repair augmented with PRP. After 14 weeks in vivo, anterior–posterior (AP) knee laxity and the tensile properties of the repaired ligament were measured. The addition of PRP to the suture repairs did not improve AP knee laxity at 30° (p = 0.73) or 60° (p = 0.65). It also did not improve the maximum tensile load (p = 0.64) or linear stiffness (p = 0.42) of the ACL repairs after 14 weeks in vivo. The model had 80% power to detect a 30% improvement of biomechanical properties with PRP; thus, we are confident that a clinically meaningful effect as a result of adding PRP is unlikely. Use of PRP alone to supplement suture repair of the ACL is ineffective in this animal model. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27: 639–645, 2009
Determination of heteronuclear coupling constants from 3D HSQC‐TOCSY experiment with optimized random sampling of evolution time space
Authors: Misiak Maria , Koźmiński Wiktor
Published: November 2008

An application of 3D version of HSQC–TOCSY experiment for the measurement of heteronuclear coupling constants of organic compounds yielding complex spectra is proposed. The approach presented here is based on the optimized random sampling of the evolution time space followed by Multidimensional Fourier Transform (MFT).

In this study, we show that the interpretation of ω3‐13C coupled 1H‐13C 3D HSQC‐TOCSY spectra with E.COSY‐type multiplets allows one to evaluate heteronuclear coupling constants of strychnine with high accuracy, whereas the employment of 2D methods is associated with signal overlap and use of conventionally recorded 3D NMR spectra cannot provide accurate results in an overnight experiment. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding and controlling the structure of polypropylene/layered silicate nanocomposites
Authors: Chrissopoulou K. , Altintzi I. , Andrianaki I. , Shemesh R. , Retsos H. , Giannelis E.P. , Anastasiadis S. H.
Published: November 2008

The miscibility and structure in polypropylene/layered silicate nanocomposites is systematically investigated utilizing a maleic‐anhydride grafted polypropylene with a low degree of functionalization acting as the compatibilizer. The morphology of the hybrids can be modified from phase separated to almost completely exfoliated in a controlled way by varying the ratio α of the compatibilizer to the organophilized clay; this ratio α is found to be the most important parameter in determining the final structure whereas exfoliated structures can be obtained for α values of 9 or higher. Furthermore, utilization of a “masterbatch” procedure can enhance the degree of exfoliation even for smaller values of α; in that case, polypropylene is essentially mixed with the already dispersed “hairy” platelets. Investigation of the thermal stability of the micro‐ and nanocomposites shows that high degree of exfoliation is vital in increasing the temperature that the polymer starts to degrade. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 2683–2695, 2008
Exfoliation of a stack of platelets and intercalation of polymer chains: Effects of molecular weight, entanglement, and interaction with the polymer matrix
Authors: Pandey R. B. , Farmer B. L.
Published: November 2008

Exfoliation of a stack of sheets (a model for clay platelets) in a dynamic matrix of polymer chains is investigated by a computer simulation model. How the interplay between the thermodynamics (interaction‐driven) and conformational (structural constraints) entropy affects the exfoliation of sheets is the subject of this study. A stack of four sheets with a small initial interlayer distance constitutes the layer on a discrete lattice. The layered platelets are immersed in a matrix represented by the mobile polymer chains which occupy a fraction (concentration) of the lattice sites. Both sheets and chains are modeled by the bond‐fluctuation mechanism and execute their stochastic motion via Metropolis algorithm. An attractive and a repulsive interaction between the polymer matrix and platelets are considered. Exfoliation of the sheets is examined by varying the molecular weight of the polymer chains forming a dynamic network matrix with various degrees of entanglements. At low‐molecular weight of the polymer, exfoliation is achieved with repulsive interaction and the exfoliation is suppressed with attractive matrix as sheets stick together via polymer mediated interaction introduced by intercalated polymer chains. Increasing the molecular weight of the polymer matrix suppresses the exfoliation of sheets primarily due to enhanced entanglement—at high‐molecular weight (with the radius of gyration of polymer chains larger than the characteristic linear dimension of the platelets), the stacked (layered) morphology is arrested via entropic trapping and exfoliation ceases to occur. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 2696–2710, 2008
Lung function in 3–5‐year‐old children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Mayer Oscar H. , Jawad Abbas F. , McDonough Joseph , Allen Julian
Published: November 2008

It is well established that the lung disease of CF can occur early in life and may progress through the preschool years when accurate lung function assessment has been challenging to perform. We hypothesized that respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP) and spirometry could be effectively performed in 3–6‐year‐old children and could be used to assess both longitudinal changes in lung function and the acute changes that occur during exacerbation of pulmonary disease. Both RIP and spirometry were equally feasible; however, the success rate for spirometry gradually increased with age to become higher than that for RIP in the 6‐year‐old subjects. Forty‐four subjects were studied longitudinally and demonstrated significant increases in FVC, FEV1, and FEV0.5, but not in FEF25–75 or RIP variables. There were significant differences in FVC, FEV1, and phase angle (a measure of thoracoabdominal asynchrony) during exacerbations of lung disease. Although both RIP and spirometry were able to show differences in lung function in subjects with acute clinical worsening, spirometry was more robust in demonstrating change in lung function longitudinally and in children who had an exacerbation of lung disease. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2008; 43:1214–1223. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Activation of β‐Catenin in mouse prostate causes HGPIN and continuous prostate growth after castration
Authors: Yu Xiuping , Wang Yongqing , Jiang Ming , Bierie Brian , Roy‐Burman Pradip , Shen Michael M. , Taketo Makoto Mark , Wills Marcia , Matusik Robert J.
Published: November 2008

BACKGROUND

The role of Wnt/β‐Catenin signaling in embryogenesis and carcinogenesis has been extensively studied in organs such as colon, lung and pancreas, but little is known about Wnt/β‐Catenin signaling in the prostate. Although stabilizing mutations in APC and β‐Catenin are rare in primary prostate tumors, recent studies suggest that cytoplasmic/nuclear β‐Catenin is associated with advanced, metastatic, hormone‐refractory prostate carcinoma.

METHODS

To better understand the role of β‐Catenin in prostatic development and carcinogenesis, we studied Wnt expression during prostate development and activated Wnt/β‐Catenin signaling in the developing and adult prostate.

RESULTS

Our results demonstrated that during prostate development Wnt ligands display a dynamic expression pattern. Activation of β‐Catenin during prostate development caused epithelial hyperplasia followed by prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) in prostate. In the adult prostate, activation of β‐Catenin resulted in high grade PIN (HGPIN) and continuous prostatic growth after castration. As a result of activation of β‐Catenin, AR was first up‐regulated with the emergence of epithelial hyperplasia, but was later down‐regulated when HGPIN developed. Furthermore, activation of β‐Catenin induced Foxa2 re‐expression in adult prostate which normally is only expressed in the embryonic budding stage during prostate development.

CONCLUSIONS

The results from this study strongly suggest that Wnt/β‐Catenin signaling is involved in the regulation of prostate development and confirm that constitutive activation of this pathway enables the mouse prostate to grow after castration. Prostate 69:249–262, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Baustähle im konstruktiven Ingenieurbau
Authors: Volz Michael , Schröter Falko , Steidl Gerhard
Published: November 2008

Zuverlässigkeit und Grenzabmessungen der Tragstrukturen des konstruktiven Ingenieurbaus werden unter anderem durch die Eigenschaften der verwendeten Werkstoffe bestimmt. Die Werkstoffeigenschaften der bei Stahltragwerken verwendeten Halbzeuge können den jeweiligen Anforderungen genau angepasst werden. Für die niedrig legierten ferritischen Stähle des Stahlbaus werden die gebräuchlichen Methoden der Festigkeitssteigerung beschrieben. Die Verarbeitungs‐ und Nutzungsbedingungen können das Zähigkeitsverhalten der Stähle je nach der Art der angewandten Methode der Festigkeitssteigerung unterschiedlich beeinflussen. Um unzulässige Risiken auszuschließen, sind Begrenzungen für die Werkstoffsorten bezüglich Einsatzbedingungen, Abmessungen und Bearbeitungsmethoden erforderlich. In Deutschland werden für Bauwerke solche Grenzen in den Technischen Baubestimmungen vorgegeben. Der Aufsatz soll das Zusammenwirken der verschiedenen festigkeitssteigernden Einflüsse aufzeigen und damit das Verständnis für die Einhaltung werkstoffbedingter Begrenzungen fördern. Für Fälle, bei denen von den Begrenzungen der Regeln abgewichen wird, werden Hintergrundinformationen aufgezeigt, die eine Beurteilung im Einzelfall (Zustimmung im Einzelfall) erleichtern.
A New Deal Restoration: Individuals, Communities, and the Long Struggle for the Collective Good
Authors: Klein Jennifer
Published: November 2008

Much of the literature on the New Deal over the last fifteen years has sought to extend it in time and scope. The New Deal has become the New Deal Order. More than the legislation and programs of the Great Depression years under President Roosevelt, it encompasses or designates particular political coalitions brought together under a dominant Democratic Party, expanded citizenship rights, Keynesian economic policymaking, rising standards of living through collective bargaining and public investment, checks on the prerogatives of business, and working-class enfranchisement that continued well beyond the Roosevelt years.1We talk about the New Deal when we refer to the G.I. Bill, Truman's economic and social policies or organized labor's gains in the late 1940s, Republican President Eisenhower's extension of Social Security in the 1950s, Lyndon Johnson's enactment of Medicare, and can even include the passage of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) laws in 1970 as the New Deal's last gasp, under President Nixon. Other historians have extended the New Deal back in time, linking its programs more firmly with social policy and industrial relations experiments in the Progressive Era, the First World War, and the 1920s. Widow's pensions, war labor boards, unemployment insurance, industrial democracy became the basic building blocks of the New Deal.2Historians have also been revising the histories of later social movements, such as the African-American freedom struggle or the women's movement, and relocating them as New Deal movements.3So we no longer think in terms of the “interwar period”—which was always more of a European periodization—just as we no longer talk about the New Deal as emerging full-blown from the forehead of Roosevelt and an inner-circle, male Brain Trust and ending with the Supreme Court packing incident.
Getting New Deal History Wrong
Authors: MacLean Nancy
Published: November 2008

Jefferson Cowie and Nick Salvatore have written an ambitious and provocative essay. Ranging across more than a hundred years of history in less than half as many manuscript pages, it seeks to unlock deep secrets of the American past. The New Deal, Cowie and Salvatore argue, constitutes a lone “long exception” in a history otherwise determined by “a deep and abiding individualism” so definitive of U.S. political culture that it dooms any radical rupture in advance. Presenting themselves as realists, Cowie and Salvatore claim that their interpretation of the long sweep of national history “can provide a more stable intellectual foundation on which to build discussions of present and future politics.” I disagree, and the reasons why matter.
“Things Are Different Down Here”: The 1955 Perfect Circle Strike, Conservative Civic Identity, and the Roots of the New Right in the 1950s Industrial Heartland
Authors: Anderson David M.
Published: November 2008

The article examines the history of the violent 1955 Perfect Circle strike to join the growing body of labor history scholarship that rejects the existence of a postwar “labor-management accord.” Contrary to previous depictions of a postwar “class peace,” the small-town industrial Midwest stood as a key battleground between unionized workers and competitive-sector employers such as the Indiana-based Perfect Circle Corporation, a small, family-owned manufacturer, a model welfare capitalist firm, and one of the nation's leading automotive parts producers. Driven by their desire to hold down labor costs and their own antistatist ideology, Perfect Circle's owners had opposed the New Deal and, by the late 1930s, had shed their previous provincialism to join the national political coalition of business conservatives in the National Association of Manufacturers to secure the passage of the Taft-Hartley Act in 1947. During the Cold War era, even while they were extending their political reach and expanding their operations overseas, Perfect Circle's owners sought to forge labor-management unity by promoting a quaint vision of “heartland consensus,” a conservative civic identity that management was convinced would render unions unnecessary. As with many business conservatives, Perfect Circle owners tried to rid their plants of unions by tapping into an interlocking network of well-financed right-wing policy groups to mount an extensive employee educational program and public relations campaign in defense of “free enterprise.” Despite Perfect Circle's vigorous efforts to undercut unionization, by 1953 the majority of workers at all four of its east-central Indiana plants voted to affiliate with the United Auto Workers (UAW). Conflict between labor and management culminated in the violent 1955 strike, in which Perfect Circle handed the UAW a decisive defeat while enjoying widespread support from the regional and national press. The strike became a conservativecause célèbreduring the 1957 national “right-to-work” campaign and a centerpiece of the Senate's 1958 McClellan “Labor Rackets” hearings, which launched Barry Goldwater's bid for the 1964 presidency. The article concludes that Perfect Circle and many other employers not only continued to contest unions in the 1950s but also played a neglected but important role in the formation of the New Right.