bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Daily implementation of health‐protective behaviors and family life during the early months of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Bai Sunhye , Tornello Samantha L. , Mogle Jacqueline A. , Feinberg Mark E.
Published: February 2023

The coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic has necessitated the use of health‐protective behaviors (HPB), such as social distancing, staying at home, frequent handwashing, and wearing facemasks to mitigate the transmission of disease. An investigation of interpersonal costs associated with the use of HPB can help inform strategies to promote their sustained implementation. This study examined the daily associations between the implementation of HPB and family functioning and assessed moderation by coparenting quality, economic strain, and the number of days that state‐level stay‐at‐home policies had been in effect, during the early days of the pandemic. Mothers and fathers from 155 families with children who were 9 years old, on average, completed daily reports of HPB, parental stress, and family relationship quality over eight consecutive days in April or May of 2020. Hierarchal linear models showed that HPB was associated with increased levels of parental stress and interparental conflict. Negative coparenting relations exacerbated the next‐day association between HPB and interparental conflict. HPB was also associated with increased levels of parent–child and interparental closeness, but these linkages dissipated for families who had spent more days under state‐level stay‐at‐home policies. Although crucial for public health, the implementation of HPB may have detrimental short‐term effects on daily family life. Family support and interventions are necessary to minimize the psychosocial burden of these important public health measures and increase their sustained adherence.
From remotely‐sensed solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence to ecosystem structure, function, and service: Part II—Harnessing data
Authors: Sun Ying , Wen Jiaming , Gu Lianhong , Joiner Joanna , Chang Christine Y. , van der Tol Christiaan , Porcar‐Castell Albert , Magney Troy , Wang Lixin , Hu Leiqiu , Rascher Uwe , Zarco‐Tejada Pablo , Barrett Christopher B. , Lai Jiameng , Han Jimei , Luo Zhenqi
Published: February 2023

Although our observing capabilities of solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) have been growing rapidly, the quality and consistency of SIF datasets are still in an active stage of research and development. As a result, there are considerable inconsistencies among diverse SIF datasets at all scales and the widespread applications of them have led to contradictory findings. The present review is the second of the two companion reviews, and data oriented. It aims to (1) synthesize the variety, scale, and uncertainty of existing SIF datasets, (2) synthesize the diverse applications in the sector of ecology, agriculture, hydrology, climate, and socioeconomics, and (3) clarify how such data inconsistency superimposed with the theoretical complexities laid out in (Sun et al., 2023) may impact process interpretation of various applications and contribute to inconsistent findings. We emphasize that accurate interpretation of the functional relationships between SIF and other ecological indicators is contingent upon complete understanding of SIF data quality and uncertainty. Biases and uncertainties in SIF observations can significantly confound interpretation of their relationships and how such relationships respond to environmental variations. Built upon our syntheses, we summarize existing gaps and uncertainties in current SIF observations. Further, we offer our perspectives on innovations needed to help improve informing ecosystem structure, function, and service under climate change, including enhancing in‐situ SIF observing capability especially in “data desert” regions, improving cross‐instrument data standardization and network coordination, and advancing applications by fully harnessing theory and data.
Production of Bauxite Certified Reference Material (BARC‐B1201) for Nine Property Values (Al2O3, Fe2O3, SiO2, TiO2, V2O5,MnO, Cr2O3, MgO and LOI) Traceable to SI Units
Authors: Prasad Ankam Durga , Rastogi Lori , Verma Vinod Kumar , Kumari Vasudevan Krishna , Yadlapalli Sudhakar , Dash Kulamani
Published: February 2023

The National Centre for Compositional Characterisation of Materials (NCCCM) / Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) and National Aluminium Company Limited (NALCO), India have produced an Indian origin bauxite certified reference material (CRM), referred to as BARC‐B1201, certified for major (Al2O3, Fe2O3, SiO2, TiO2, loss on ignition ‐ LOI) and trace contents (V2O5, MnO, Cr2O3, MgO). Characterisation was undertaken by strict adherence to ISO Guides. A method previously developed and validated in our laboratory, using single step bauxite dissolution and subsequent quantitation (of Al2O3, Fe2O3, SiO2, TiO2, V2O5, MnO, Cr2O3 and MgO) by ICP‐AES (SSBD ICP‐AES) was used for homogeneity studies and an inter‐laboratory comparison exercise (ILCE) of the candidate CRM. LOI was determined by thermo‐gravimetric analysis. Property values were assigned after an ILCE with participation from seventeen reputed government and private sector laboratories in India. The CRM was certified for nine property values: Al2O3, Fe2O3, SiO2, TiO2, V2O5, MnO, Cr2O3, MgO and LOI, which are traceable to SI units.
Rubidium Isotope Ratios of International Geological Reference Materials
Authors: Zhang Zhuoying , Ma Jinlong , Zhang Le , Liu Ying , Wei Gangjian
Published: February 2023

In this study we determined rubidium isotope ratios in twenty‐one commonly used international geological reference materials, including igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, as well as an IAPSO seawater reference material. All δ87Rb results were obtained relative to the NIST SRM 984 reference material. For most reference materials, Rb was purified using a single column loaded with Sr‐spec resin. For reference materials containing low Rb but high mass fractions of matrix elements (such as basic rock and seawater), Rb was purified using two‐column chromatography, with the first column packed with AGMP‐50 resin and the second column packed with Sr‐spec resin. Two methods for instrumental mass bias correction, sample‐standard bracketing (SSB) mode, and the combined sample‐standard bracketing and Zr internal normalisation (C‐SSBIN) method, were compared for Rb isotopic measurements by multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (MC‐ICP‐MS). The long‐term reproducibility of Rb isotopic measurements using both methods was similar, better than 0.06‰ (2s, standard deviation) for NIST SRM 984. Significant Rb isotopic fractionation was observed among the reference materials, with an overall variation in δ87Rb values of approximately 0.5‰. The δ87Rb values of igneous rocks ranged from ‐0.28‰ to +0.06‰, showing a trend from heavier isotopic compositions in mafic rocks to lighter δ87Rb values in the more evolved felsic rocks. The sedimentary and metamorphic rocks had Rb isotope ratios similar to those of igneous rocks. The δ87Rb values of the reference materials related to low‐temperature geological processes showed a wider range than those of high‐temperature processes. Notably, the IAPSO seawater reference material had a δ87Rb value of +0.14‰, which deviated from that of igneous rocks, and represents the heaviest reservoir of Rb isotopes found thus far on Earth. The comprehensive dataset presented here has the potential to serve for quality assurance purposes, and provide a framework for interlaboratory comparisons of Rb isotope ratios.
The Ilizarov technique in the management of haemophilic knee flexion contracture
Authors: Wei Zhanqi , Cao Qing , Zhu Wei , Feng Bin , Weng Xisheng
Published: February 2023

Introduction

The Ilizarov technique has the potential to be an attractive option for severe knee flexion contracture (KFC) patients with a high risk of bleeding. However, studies on this technique in the management of haemophilic KFC are scarce.

Aim

The purpose of this study was to review and analyse the results of the Ilizarov technique in correcting haemophilic KFC and to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this technique.

Methods

Twelve male haemophilia patients with severe KFC who underwent distraction treatment using the Ilizarov technique from June 2013 to April 2019 were included in this study. The hospital day, flexion contracture, range of motion (ROM) of the knees, complications and functional outcomes were recorded and analysed. Functional outcomes were evaluated according to the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee scores of the preoperation, end of distraction and last follow‐up.

Results

The average preoperative flexion contracture and range of motion (ROM) of the knees were 55 ± 15° and 66 ± 18°, respectively. The average preoperative HSS knee score was 47 ± 5. The average duration of follow‐up was 75.5 ± 30.1 months. All flexion contractures achieved full correction (≤5°) at the end of distraction, and the flexion contracture significantly decreased to 6 ± 5° at the last follow‐up (p < .0001). The ROM of the knees was significantly increased at the last follow‐up compared with that before distraction treatment (p < .0001). The HSS knee scores at the end of distraction and at the last follow‐up were both significantly higher than the preoperative HSS knee score (p < .0001). No major complications were encountered.

Conclusions

This study provided evidence for the safety and effectiveness of Ilizarov technique plus physical therapy in the management of haemophilic KFC and accumulated clinical experience for the proper application of this technology.
Validation of the utility of Agile scores to identify advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis in Japanese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Oeda Satoshi , Seko Yuya , Hayashi Hideki , Arai Taeang , Iwaki Michihiro , Yoneda Masato , Shima Toshihide , Notsumata Kazuo , Ikegami Tadashi , Fujii Hideki , Toyoda Hidenori , Miura Kouichi , Morishita Asahiro , Kawata Kazuhito , Tomita Kengo , Kawanaka Miwa , Isoda Hiroshi , Yamaguchi Kanji , Fukushima Hideaki , Kamada Yoshihiro , Sumida Yoshio , Aishima Shinichi , Itoh Yoshito , Okanoue Takeshi , Nakajima Atsushi , Takahashi Hirokazu ,   Japan Study Group of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (JSG‐NAFLD)
Published: February 2023

Aim

Agile 3+ and Agile 4 scores, based on liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by transient elastography and clinical parameters, were recently reported to be effective in identifying advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to validate the utility of these scores in Japanese patients with NAFLD.

Methods

Six hundred forty‐one patients with biopsy‐proven NAFLD were analyzed. The severity of liver fibrosis was pathologically evaluated by one expert pathologist. The LSM, age, sex, diabetes status, platelet count, and aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels were used to calculate Agile 3+ scores, and the parameters above excluding age were used for Agile 4 scores. The diagnostic performance of the two scores was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of the original low cut‐off (for rule‐out) value and high cut‐off (for rule‐in) value were tested.

Results

For diagnosis of fibrosis stage ≥3, the area under the ROC (AUROC) was 0.886, and the sensitivity of the low cut‐off value and the specificity of the high cut‐off value were 95.3% and 73.4%, respectively. For diagnosis of fibrosis stage 4, AUROC, the sensitivity of the low cut‐off value, and the specificity of the high cut‐off value were 0.930, 100%, and 86.5%, respectively. Both scores had higher diagnostic performance than the FIB‐4 index and the enhanced liver fibrosis score.

Conclusions

Agile 3+ and Agile 4 are reliable noninvasive tests to identify advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis in Japanese NAFLD patients with adequate diagnostic performance.
Women's experiences of age‐related discontinuation from mammography screening: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Gram Emma G. , Knudsen Sigrid W. , Brodersen John Brandt , Jønsson Alexandra Brandt R.
Published: February 2023

Introduction

In Denmark, women are discontinued from mammography screening at age 69 due to decreased likelihood of benefits and increased likelihood of harm. The risk of harm increases with age and includes false positives, overdiagnosis and overtreatment. In a questionnaire survey, 24 women expressed unsolicited concerns about being discontinued from mammography screening due to age. This calls for further investigation of experiences related to discontinuation from screening.

Methods

We invited the women, who had left comments on the questionnaire, to participate in in‐depth interviews with the purpose to explore their reactions, preferences, and conceptions about mammography screening and discontinuation. The interviews lasted 1–4 h and were followed up with a telephone interview 2 weeks after the initial interview.

Results

The women had high expectations of the benefits of mammography screening and felt that participation was a moral obligation. Following that, they perceived the screening discontinuation as a result of societal age discrimination and consequently felt devalued. Further, the women perceived the discontinuation as a health threat, felt more susceptible to late diagnosis and death, and therefore sought out new ways to control their risk of breast cancer.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that the age‐related discontinuation from mammography screening might be of more importance than previously assumed. This study raises important questions about screening ethics, and we encourage research to explore this in other settings.

Patient and Public Contribution

This study was conducted as a result of the women's unsolicited concerns about being discontinued from screening. This particular group contributed to the study with their own statements, interpretations and perspectives on the discontinuation of screening, and the initial analysis of data was discussed with the women during follow‐up interviews.
Effect of Ni foam on the microstructure and properties of AlN ceramic/Cu brazed joint
Authors: Guo Weibing , Yu Zhanlong , Ding Zhijie , Bian Wenshan , Xue Haitao , Li Anhang , Hu Yiren , Fan Chong
Published: February 2023

Aluminum nitride (AlN) ceramics and oxygen‐free Cu were brazed with multilayer filler consisted of Ag‐Cu‐Ti +Ni foam. The microstructure and forming principle of AlN/Cu joints were studied and the influence of Ni foam on the joints was focused. The result shows that the composition of AlN/Cu joint was AlN/TiN/Ni3Ti+Cu(s,s)+CuTi+Ni foam+Ag(s,s)/Cu. The joint strength was only 66.7 ± 3.7MPa with pure Ag‐Cu‐Ti solder and the fracture occurred inside AlN ceramics due to the residual stress. The foam nickel reacted with Ag‐Cu‐Ti filler metal to form Ni3Ti during brazing process. Ni foam still retained the basic skeleton structure during brazing, and the mechanical capacity of AlN/Cu joint was enhanced significantly. The maximum shear strength of the brazed joint can reach 89.6 ± 4.5 MPa with .1 mm Ni foam, and the fracture position changed to the brazing filler. The result shows that nickel foam can reduce the residual thermal stress, and the mechanical properties of AlN/Cu joints were improved.
Killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor three domains long cytoplasmic tail 1 gene *007 may modulate disease progression of human immunodeficiency virus‐1 infection in the Japanese population
Authors: Naruse Taeko K. , Konishi‐Takemura Makiko , Yanagida Risa , Sharma Gaurav , Vajpayee Madhu , Terunuma Hiroshi , Mehra Narinder K. , Kaur Gurvinder , Kimura Akinori
Published: February 2023

One of the KIR allele, KIR3DL1*007, was associated with the progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and not with the susceptibility to HIV‐1 infection in the Japanese and Indian populations, implying that KIR3DL1*007‐positive NK cells might eliminate HIV‐infected cells less effectively than NK cells bearing the other KIR3DL1 alleles or KIR3DS1 alleles.
A new second‐order conic optimization model for the Euclidean Steiner tree problem in Rd$\mathbb {R}^d$
Authors: Pinto Renan Vicente , Ouzia Hacène , Maculan Nelson
Published: February 2023

In this work, a new second‐order conic optimization model for the Euclidean Steiner tree problem in d‐space, where the dimension d is at least three, will be presented. Also, two strategies for eliminating isomorphic trees will be developed. Computational results highlighting the efficiency of this model compared to existing models for the Euclidean Steiner tree problem will be discussed. Finally, enforcing the proposed model with any of the isomorphic tree elimination strategies permits us to compute for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the minimum Steiner tree for the cube in .
Far from equilibrium ultrafast high‐temperature sintering of ZrO2–SiO2 nanocrystalline glass–ceramics
Authors: Fu Le , Wu Jinghua , Sathyanath Sharath Kumar Manjeshwar , Wang Bohan , Leifer Klaus , Engqvist Håkan , Grasso Salvatore , Xia Wei
Published: February 2023

Ultrafast high‐temperature sintering (UHS) is a novel sintering technique with ultrashort firing cycles (e.g., a few tens of seconds). The feasibility of UHS has been validated on several ceramics and metals; however, its potential in consolidating glass–ceramics has not yet been demonstrated. In this work, an optimized carbon‐free UHS was utilized to prepare ZrO2–SiO2 nanocrystalline glass–ceramics (NCGCs). The phase composition, grain size, densification behavior, and microstructures of NCGCs prepared by UHS were investigated and compared with those of samples sintered by pressureless sintering. Results showed that NCGCs with a high relative density (～95%) can be obtained within ～50 s discharge time by UHS. The UHS processing not only hindered the formation of ZrSiO4 and cristobalite but also enhanced the stabilization of t‐ZrO2. Meanwhile, owing to the ultrashort firing cycles, the UHS technology allowed the NCGCs to be consolidated in a far from equilibrium state. The NCGCs showed a microstructure of spherical monocrystalline ZrO2 nanocrystallites embedded in an amorphous SiO2 matrix.
“You want to be politically correct”: Opposition to political correctness predicts less adherence to COVID‐19 guidelines in the US
Authors: Mackey Cameron D. , Rios Kimberly , Johnson Evan
Published: February 2023

Previous research has demonstrated that conservative individuals (relative to liberal individuals) were less likely to adhere to COVID‐19 guidelines (e.g., social distancing). We argue that because adherence to COVID‐19 guidelines was largely characterized as “politically correct” behavior, individuals opposed to political correctness (PC) norms would follow COVID‐19 guidelines less, controlling for political conservatism and other relevant demographic variables. In two correlational studies and one preregistered experiment, we tested whether opposition to political correctness (OPC) predicts less adherence to COVID‐19 guidelines. Study 1 showed that OPC correlates negatively with mask‐wearing and social distancing, controlling for conservatism, gender, age, and religious identity. Study 2 replicated and extended these effects, demonstrating that seeing mask‐wearing as a common good (i.e., as a beneficial COVID‐19 mitigation strategy) mediated the relationship between OPC and mask‐wearing, social distancing, handwashing, and vaccination intentions. Study 3 experimentally manipulated feelings toward PC. Inconsistent with our preregistered hypothesis but consistent with previous research, participants induced to have positive feelings toward PC adhered to COVID‐19 guidelines the most and had the most positive feelings toward wearing masks. We discuss how moralization of health guidelines can predict individuals' likelihood of adhering to these guidelines. We also discuss how best to persuade individuals who see adherence to health guidelines as “politically correct,” as well as future research directions to address this concern.
Anti‐BP180 IgG antibody ELISA values correlate with adverse pregnancy outcomes in pemphigoid gestationis
Authors: Cordel Nadège , Flament Jasmine , Jouen Fabienne , Seta Vannina , Tancrède‐Bohin Emmanuelle , Dahan Catherine Picard , Konstantinou Maria‐Polina , Dereure Olivier , Quéreux Gaëlle , Prost Catherine , Bedane Christophe , Debarbieux Sébastien , Lacour Jean‐Philippe , Dompmartin Anne , Wierzbicka‐Hainaut Ewa , Villada Isabelle Bourgault , Oro Saskia Ingen Housz , Vabres Pierre , Richard Marie‐Aleth , Delaporte Emmanuel , Pham‐Ledard Anne , Leccia Marie‐Thérèse , Litrowski Noémie , Michel Catherine , Lagrange Brigitte , D'Incan Michel , Abasq Claire , Duvert‐Lehembre Sophie , Dupuy Alain , Alcaraz Isabelle , Breton‐Guitarian Anne‐Laure , Lombart Florian , Estève Eric , Machet Laurent , Del Giudice Pascal , Fenot Marion , Belmondo Thibaut , Morin Florence , Guérin Olivia , Benichou Jacques , Tressières Benoît , Joly Pascal ,   for the French study Group on autoimmune bullous skin diseases
Published: February 2023

Background

Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO) occur in 35% of patients with pemphigoid gestationis (PG). No biological predictor of APO has been established yet.

Objectives

To assess a potential relationship between the occurrence of APO and the serum value of anti‐BP180 antibodies at the time of PG diagnosis.

Methods

Multicentre retrospective study conducted from January 2009 to December 2019 in 35 secondary and tertiary care centres. Inclusion criteria: (i) diagnosis of PG according to clinical, histological and immunological criteria, (ii) ELISA measurement of anti‐BP180 IgG antibodies determined at the time of PG diagnosis with the same commercial kit and (iii) obstetrical data available.

Results

Of the 95 patients with PG included, 42 had one or more APO, which mainly corresponded to preterm birth (n = 26), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (n = 18) and small weight for gestational age at birth (n = 16). From a ROC curve, we identified a threshold of 150 IU ELISA value as the most discriminating to differentiate between patients with or without IUGR, with 78% sensitivity, 55% specificity, 30% positive and 91% negative predictive value. The threshold >150 IU was confirmed using a cross‐validation based on bootstrap resampling, which showed that the median threshold was 159 IU. Upon adjusting for oral corticosteroid intake and main clinical predictors of APO, an ELISA value of >150 IU was associated with the occurrence of IUGR (OR = 5.11; 95% CI: 1.48–22.30; p = 0.016) but not with any other APO. The combination of blisters and ELISA values higher than 150 IU led to a 2.4‐fold higher risk of all‐cause APO (OR: 10.90; 95% CI: 2.33–82.3) relative to patients with blisters but lower values of anti‐BP180 antibodies (OR of 4.54; 95% CI 0.92–34.2).

Conclusion

These findings suggest that anti‐BP180 antibody ELISA value in combination with clinical markers is helpful in managing the risk of APO, in particular IUGR, in patients with PG.
Development of Measurement Tools to Assess Cumulative Life Course Impairment in Patients with Chronic Skin Diseases
Authors: Braren‐von Stülpnagel Catharina C. , Augustin Matthias , Westphal Lukas , Sommer Rachel
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Patients with chronic skin diseases suffer from physical, psychological, emotional and social impairments. The overall burden has significant impact on patients' life, contributing to irreversible damage across many domains, known as cumulative life course impairment (CLCI). The aim of this project was to develop instruments which (a) measure persisting CLCI and (b) identify patients at risk for developing future CLCI.

Methods

We identified key topics that negatively impact life course due to skin disease patient‐reported open item selection. Subsequently, we conducted focus group interviews with patients and experts to conceptualize items and response scales, resulting in two preliminary measurement tools. These tools were tested in a cognitive debriefing before finalization.

Results

Consecutively, 162 patients participated in the open item selection and indicated the following topics were most relevant to their disease: disease symptoms, risk behaviour, comorbidities, psychological and emotional impairments, physical impairments, occupational impairments, treatment, sexuality, problems with family or friends, everyday life and positive event or decisions because of the disease. In the focus group interviews, patients reported stigmatization, support at disease onset, pre‐existing diseases and age of onset as additional important topics. The cognitive debriefing resulted in minor changes to sentence structure. The final tools included: (1) DermCLCI‐r, which assesses retrospective CLCI, and (2) DermCLCI‐p, which assesses current CLCI and future risk. Each tool consisted of 30 items.

Discussion

The newly developed measures allow for early identification of CLCI, facilitate adequate dermatological and psychosocial interventions and may contribute to the prevention of CLCI. Further validation studies will be performed.
Excess psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis mortality during the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United States: A nationwide population‐based study from 2010 to 2021
Authors: Liu Ying , He Xinyuan , Lee Ernest Y. , Lv Fan , Yao Leiqing , Meng Qinqin , Zhang Lan , Ng Wee Han , Zhang Yanfei , Elias Peter M. , Man Maoqiang , Yeo Yee Hui , Li Zhengxiao
Published: February 2023

Background

Little is known about mortality trends among patients with psoriasis (PsO) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in the United States.

Objectives

To ascertain mortality trends of PsO and PsA between 2010 and 2021, focusing on the effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

We collected data from the National Vital Statistic System and calculated age‐standardized mortality rates (ASMR) and cause‐specific mortality for PsO/PsA. We evaluated observed versus predicted mortality for 2020–2021 based on trends from 2010 to 2019 with joinpoint and prediction modelling analysis.

Results

Among 5810 and 2150 PsO‐ and PsA‐related deaths between 2010 and 2021, ASMR for PsO dramatically increased between 2010–2019 and 2020–2021 (annual percentage change [APC] 2.07% vs. 15.26%; p < 0.01), leading to a higher observed ASMR (per 100,000 persons) than predicted for 2020 (0.27 vs. 0.22) and 2021 (0.31 vs. 0.23). The excess mortality of PsO was 22.7% and 34.8% higher than that in the general population in 2020 (16.4%, 95% CI: 14.9%–17.9%) and 2021 (19.8%, 95% CI: 18.0%–21.6%) respectively. Notably, the ASMR rise for PsO was most pronounced in the female (APC: 26.86% vs. 12.19% in males) and the middle‐aged group (APC: 17.67% vs. 12.47% in the old‐age group). ASMR, APC and excess mortality for PsA were similar to PsO. SARS‐CoV‐2 infection contributed to more than 60% of the excess mortality for PsO and PsA.

Conclusions

Individuals living with PsO and PsA were disproportionately affected during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Both ASMRs increased at an alarming rate, with the most pronounced disparities among the female and middle‐aged groups.
Increasing the COVID‐19 immunization rate through allergy testing
Authors: Bent R. K. , Weinbrenner J. , Faihs V. , Steffens S. , Nau T. , Vitus M. , Mathes S. , Darsow U. , Biedermann T. , Brockow K.
Published: February 2023

Background

Vaccination of the population is required to combat the COVID‐19 pandemic. Allergy testing could reduce anxiety towards COVID‐19 vaccination and thereby may increase vaccination rate, however, its effectiveness remains unclear.

Methods

One hundred and thirty prospective real‐life patients in need of but not daring to get vaccinated asked for allergy workup for COVID‐19 vaccine hypersensitivity in 2021/2022. Characterization of patients, identification of anxieties, decrease of patient's anxiety levels, overall vaccination rate and adverse reactions after vaccination were assessed.

Results

Tested patients were characterized by being female (91.5%) and having a high rate of previous allergies (e.g. to food 55.4%, drugs 54.6%, or previous vaccinations 50%) and dermatological disease (29.2%) but not always had medical contraindications for COVID‐19 vaccination. Sixty one patients (49.6%) were highly concerned (4‐6, Likert scale 0‐6) about vaccination and 47 (37.6%) expressed resolving thoughts about vaccinaion anaphylaxis (3‐6, Likert scale 0‐6). However only 35 patients (28.5%) were scared of getting COVID‐19 within 2 months (4–6, Likert scale 0–6) and only 11 (9%) patients had high expectations of getting COVID‐19 (4–6, Likert scale 0–6). Allergy testing significantly (p < 0.01 to p < 0.05 respectively) reduced the median anxiety of allergic symptoms following vaccination: dyspnoea (4.2–3.1), to faint (3.7–2.7), long‐term consequences (3.6–2.2), pruritus (3.4–2.6), skin rash (3.3–2.6) and death (3.2–2.6). After allergy testing, most patients (108/122, 88.5%) let themselves be vaccinated within 60 days. Revaccinated patients with previous symptoms experienced a reduction of symptoms (p < 0.05) upon revaccination.

Conclusions

Patients not daring to get vaccinated have more anxiety towards vaccination than to acquire COVID‐19. For those, allergy testing excludes vaccine allergy, and is a tool to increase vaccination willingness and thereby helps to combat vaccination hesitancy.
Colorimetric indicator films developed by incorporating anthocyanins into chitosan‐based matrices
Authors: Pang Guiyin , Zhou Chuang , Zhu Xudong , Chen Lianmei , Guo Xiaoqiang , Kang Tairan
Published: February 2023

A novel pH‐sensitivity and antimicrobial films based on chitosan (CS), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), ε‐polylysine (ε‐PL) matrix by incorporating purple sweet potato anthocyanins (PSPA) through solvent casting method, has been developed. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FT‐IR) of the films showed that PSPA was added to CS/HPMC/ε‐PL matrix. The scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) spectra indicated that PSPA was well blend in CS/HPMC/ε‐PL‐matrix. The light transmittance rate and moisture contents (MC) of the films decreased by adding PSPA and ε‐PL. Adding an appropriate ε‐PL, the antimicrobial properties films can be improved. When the fish became spoiled, the color of the film was changed from red to green, and the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N) content was higher than that of Chinese Standard GB 2733–2015 at 36 hr. Therefore, the novel films could be applied in monitoring and packaging the freshness of fish.
CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2 over‐expression alleviates neuronal ferroptosis and brain injury by inhibiting lipid peroxidation via AKT/mTOR pathway following intracerebral hemorrhage in mice
Authors: Li Ruihao , Zhang Xingyu , Gu Lingui , Yuan Ye , Luo Xu , Shen Weiwei , Xie Zongyi
Published: February 2023

Ferroptosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of secondary brain injury following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and regulating this process is considered a potential therapy for alleviating further brain injury. A previous study showed that CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2 (CISD2) can inhibit ferroptosis in cancer. Thus, we investigated the effects of CISD2 on ferroptosis and the mechanisms underlying its neuroprotective role in mice after ICH. CISD2 expression markedly increased after ICH. CISD2 over‐expression significantly decreased the number of Fluoro‐Jade C‐positive neurons and alleviated brain edema and neurobehavioral deficits at 24 h after ICH. In addition, CISD2 over‐expression up‐regulated the expression of p‐AKT, p‐mTOR, ferritin heavy chain 1, glutathione peroxidase 4, ferroportin, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase activity, which are markers of ferroptosis. Additionally, CISD2 over‐expression down‐regulated the levels of malonaldehyde, iron content, acyl‐CoA synthetase long‐chain family member 4, transferrin receptor 1, and cyclooxygenase‐2 at 24 h after ICH. It also alleviated mitochondrial shrinkage and decreased the density of the mitochondrial membrane. Furthermore, CISD2 over‐expression increased the number of GPX4‐positive neurons following ICH induction. Conversely, knockdown of CISD2 aggravated neurobehavioral deficits, brain edema, and neuronal ferroptosis. Mechanistically, MK2206, an AKT inhibitor, suppressed p‐AKT and p‐mTOR and reversed the effects of CISD2 over‐expression on markers of neuronal ferroptosis and acute neurological outcome. Taken together, CISD2 over‐expression alleviated neuronal ferroptosis and improved neurological performance, which may be mediated through the AKT/mTOR pathway after ICH. Thus, CISD2 may be a potential target to mitigate brain injury via the anti‐ferroptosis effect after ICH.

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Sleep and memory: The impact of sleep deprivation on transcription, translational control, and protein synthesis in the brain
Authors: Lyons Lisa C. , Vanrobaeys Yann , Abel Ted
Published: February 2023

In countries around the world, sleep deprivation represents a widespread problem affecting school‐age children, teenagers, and adults. Acute sleep deprivation and more chronic sleep restriction adversely affect individual health, impairing memory and cognitive performance as well as increasing the risk and progression of numerous diseases. In mammals, the hippocampus and hippocampus‐dependent memory are vulnerable to the effects of acute sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation induces changes in molecular signaling, gene expression and may cause changes in dendritic structure in neurons. Genome wide studies have shown that acute sleep deprivation alters gene transcription, although the pool of genes affected varies between brain regions. More recently, advances in research have drawn attention to differences in gene regulation between the level of the transcriptome compared with the pool of mRNA associated with ribosomes for protein translation following sleep deprivation. Thus, in addition to transcriptional changes, sleep deprivation also affects downstream processes to alter protein translation. In this review, we focus on the multiple levels through which acute sleep deprivation impacts gene regulation, highlighting potential post‐transcriptional and translational processes that may be affected by sleep deprivation. Understanding the multiple levels of gene regulation impacted by sleep deprivation is essential for future development of therapeutics that may mitigate the effects of sleep loss.

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Locomotor and postural diversity among reptiles viewed through the prism of femoral microanatomy: Palaeobiological implications for some Permian and Mesozoic taxa
Authors: Gônet Jordan , Bardin Jérémie , Girondot Marc , Hutchinson John R. , Laurin Michel
Published: February 2023

The water‐to‐land transition by the first tetrapod vertebrates represents a key stage in their evolution. Selection pressures exerted by this new environment on animals led to the emergence of new locomotor and postural strategies that favoured access to different ecological niches and contributed to their evolutionary success. Today, amniotes show great locomotor and postural diversity, particularly among Reptilia, whose extant representatives include parasagittally locomoting erect and crouched bipeds (birds), sub‐parasagittal ‘semi‐erect’ quadrupeds (crocodylians) and sprawling quadrupeds (squamates and turtles). But the different steps leading to such diversity remain enigmatic and the type of locomotion adopted by many extinct species raises questions. This is notably the case of certain Triassic taxa such as Euparkeria and Marasuchus. The exploration of the bone microanatomy in reptiles could help to overcome these uncertainties. Indeed, this locomotor and postural diversity is accompanied by great microanatomical disparity. On land, the bones of the appendicular skeleton support the weight of the body and are subject to multiple constraints that partly shape their external and internal morphology. Here we show how microanatomical parameters measured in cross‐section, such as bone compactness or the position of the medullocortical transition, can be related to locomotion. We hypothesised that this could be due to variations in cortical thickness. Using statistical methods that take phylogeny into account (phylogenetic flexible discriminant analyses), we develop different models of locomotion from a sample of femur cross‐sections from 51 reptile species. We use these models to infer locomotion and posture in 7 extinct reptile taxa for which they remain debated or not fully clear. Our models produced reliable inferences for taxa that preceded and followed the quadruped/biped and sprawling/erect transitions, notably within the Captorhinidae and Dinosauria. For taxa contemporary with these transitions, such as Terrestrisuchus and Marasuchus, the inferences are more questionable. We use linear models to investigate the effect of body mass and functional ecology on our inference models. We show that body mass seems to significantly impact our model predictions in most cases, unlike the functional ecology. Finally, we illustrate how taphonomic processes can impact certain microanatomical parameters, especially the eccentricity of the section, while addressing some other potential limitations of our methods. Our study provides insight into the evolution of enigmatic locomotion in various early reptiles. Our models and methods could be used by palaeontologists to infer the locomotion and posture in other extinct reptile taxa, especially when considered in combination with other lines of evidence.
Impact of maternal late hospital arrival on adverse outcome of offspring affected by placental abruption: A regional multicenter nested case–control study in Japan
Authors: Kawamura Hiroshi , Takahashi Nozomu , Miyazaki Yumiko , Tsuyoshi Hideaki , Orisaka Makoto , Yoshida Yoshio
Published: February 2023

Aims

To elucidate the influence of the time‐intervals between the onset and arrival (TIME 1), onset and delivery (TIME 2), and the decision to deliver and delivery (TIME 3) on severe adverse outcomes of offspring born to mothers complicated by placental abruption outside the hospital.

Methods

This is a multicenter nested case–control study about placental abruption at Fukui Prefecture, a regional area in Japan, through 2013 to 2017. Multiple pregnancy, fetal or neonatal congenital abnormality, and unknown detailed information at onset of placental abruption were excluded. A composite of perinatal death and cerebral palsy or death at 18–36 months of corrected age was defined as the adverse outcome. The relationship between time‐intervals and the adverse outcome was analyzed.

Results

The 45 subjects for analysis were divided into two groups, including a group with and without adverse outcome (poor, n = 8; and good, n = 37). TIME 1 was longer in the poor group (150 vs. 45 min, p < 0.001). A subgroup analysis targeted to 29 cases with preterm birth at the third trimester indicates that TIME 1 and TIME 2 were longer in the poor group (185 vs. 55 min, p = 0.02; and 211 vs. 125 min, p = 0.03), while TIME 3 was shorter in the poor group (21 vs. 53 min, p = 0.01).

Conclusions

Long time‐intervals between onset and arrival or onset and delivery may be correlated with perinatal death or cerebral palsy in surviving infants affected by placental abruption.
Low molecular weight heparin treatment reduced apoptosis and oxidative cytotoxicity in the thrombocytes of patients with recurrent pregnancy loss and thrombophilia: Involvements of TRPM2 and TRPV1 channels
Authors: Dal Yusuf , Nazıroğlu Mustafa , Özkaya Mehmet Okan
Published: February 2023

Aim

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is known to be associated with increased thrombophilia and oxidative toxicity. However, the mechanism of thrombophilia apoptosis and oxidative toxicity is still unclear. In addition, the treatment of heparin induced regulator roles on intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and cytosolic reactive oxygen species (cytROS) concentrations in several diseases. TRPM2 and TRPV1 channels are activated by different stimuli, including oxidative toxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) via modulation of TRPM2 and TRPV1 on calcium signaling, oxidative toxicity, and apoptosis in the thrombocytes of RPL patients.

Study Design

Thrombocyte and plasma samples collected from 10 patients with RPL and 10 healthy controls were used in the current study.

Main Findings

The [Ca2+]i concentration, cytROS (DCFH‐DA), mitochondrial membrane potential (JC‐1), apoptosis, caspase‐3, and caspase‐9 levels were high in the plasma and thrombocytes of RPL patients, although they were diminished by the treatments of LMWH, TRPM2 (N‐(p‐amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid) and TRPV1 (capsazepine) channel blockers.

Conclusions

The current study results suggest that the treatment of LMWH is useful against apoptotic cell death and oxidative toxicity in the thrombocytes of patients with RPL, which seem to be dependent on increased levels of [Ca2+]i concentration via the activation of TRPM2 and TRPV1.
Changes to same day discharge after minimally invasive hysterectomy throughout COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Sullivan Marie E. , Michel Lindsey C. , Wasser Thomas , Clark Mitchell , Chudnoff Scott , Andikyan Vaagn
Published: February 2023

Background

Minimally invasive hysterectomy is a common gynecologic procedure. Numerous studies have found that a same day discharge (SDD) is safe following this procedure. Research has found that SDDs decrease resource strain, nosocomial infections, and financial burden for both the patient and healthcare system. Due to the recent COVID‐19 pandemic, the safety of hospital admissions and elective surgeries was called into question.

Objective

To assess the rates of SDD among patients who underwent a minimally invasive hysterectomy before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Study Design

A retrospective chart review was performed from September 2018 to December 2020 on 521 patients, who met inclusion criteria. Descriptive analysis, chi‐square tests of association, and multivariable logistic regression were used for analysis.

Results

There was a significant difference between rate of SDDs pre‐COVID‐19 (12.5%) versus during the COVID‐19 period (28.6%) (p < 0.001). Surgical complexity was predictive of not being discharged the same day of surgery (odds ratio [OR] = 4.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.2–8.8), as was surgical completion time after 4 p.m. (OR = 5.2, 95% CI = 1.1–25.2). There was no difference in readmissions (p = 0.209) and emergency department (ED) visits (p = 0.973) between SDD and overnight stay.

Conclusion

Rates of SDD for patients undergoing minimally invasive hysterectomy were significantly increased during the COVID‐19 pandemic. SDDs are safe; the number of readmissions and ED visits did not increase among patients who were discharged on the same day.
Effect of persuasive messaging about COVID‐19 vaccines for 5‐ to 11‐year‐old children on parent intention to vaccinate
Authors: Kaufman Jessica , Steffens Maryke S , Hoq Monsurul , King Catherine , Marques Mathew D , Mao Kevin , Bullivant Bianca , Danchin Margie
Published: February 2023

Aim

Uptake of COVID‐19 vaccines for children aged 5–11 years old in Australia has plateaued. Persuasive messaging is an efficient and adaptable potential intervention to promote vaccine uptake, but evidence for its effectiveness is varied and dependent on context and cultural values. This study aimed to test persuasive messages to promote COVID‐19 vaccines for children in Australia.

Methods

A parallel, online, randomised control experiment was conducted between 14 and 21 January 2022. Participants were Australian parents of a child aged 5–11 years who had not vaccinated their child with a COVID‐19 vaccine. After providing demographic details and level of vaccine hesitancy, parents viewed either the control message or one of four intervention texts emphasising (i) personal health benefits; (ii) community health benefits; (iii) non‐health benefits; or (iv) personal agency. The primary outcome was parents' intention to vaccinate their child.

Results

The analysis included 463 participants, of whom 58.7% (272/463) were hesitant about COVID‐19 vaccines for children. Intention to vaccinate was higher in the community health (7.8%, 95% confidence interval (CI) −5.3% to 21.0%) and non‐health (6.9%, 95% CI −6.4% to 20.3%) groups, and lower in the personal agency group (−3.9, 95% CI −17.7 to 9.9) compared to control, but these differences did not reach statistical significance. The effects of the messages among hesitant parents were similar to the overall study population.

Conclusion

Short, text‐based messages alone are unlikely to influence parental intention to vaccinate their child with the COVID‐19 vaccine. Multiple strategies tailored for the target audience should also be utilised.
GPR40 deficiency worsens metabolic syndrome‐associated periodontitis in mice
Authors: Li Yanchun , Lu Zhongyang , Kirkwood Cameron L. , Kirkwood Keith L. , Wank Stephen A. , Li Ai‐Jun , Lopes‐Virella Maria F. , Huang Yan
Published: February 2023

Background and Objective

G protein‐coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) is a receptor for medium‐ and long‐chain free fatty acids (FFAs). GPR40 activation improves type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), metabolic syndrome (MetS), and the complications of T2DM and MetS. Periodontitis, a common oral inflammatory disease initiated by periodontal pathogens, is another complication of T2DM and MetS. Since FFAs play a key role in the pathogenesis of MetS which exacerbates periodontal inflammation and GPR40 is a FFA receptor with anti‐inflammatory properties, it is important to define the role of GPR40 in MetS‐associated periodontitis.

Materials and Methods

We induced MetS and periodontitis by high‐fat diet and periodontal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), respectively, in wild‐type and GPR40‐deficient mice and determined alveolar bone loss and periodontal inflammation using micro‐computed tomography, histology, and osteoclast staining. We also performed in vitro study to determine the role of GPR40 in the expression of proinflammatory genes.

Results

The primary outcome of the study is that GPR40 deficiency increased alveolar bone loss and enhanced osteoclastogenesis in control mice and the mice with both MetS and periodontitis. GPR40 deficiency also augmented periodontal inflammation in control mice and the mice with both MetS and periodontitis. Furthermore, GPR40 deficiency led to increased plasma lipids and insulin resistance in control mice but had no effect on the metabolic parameters in mice with MetS alone. For mice with both MetS and periodontitis, GPR40 deficiency increased insulin resistance. Finally, in vitro studies with macrophages showed that deficiency or inhibition of GPR40 upregulated proinflammatory genes while activation of GPR40 downregulated proinflammatory gene expression stimulated synergistically by LPS and palmitic acid.

Conclusion

GPR40 deficiency worsens alveolar bone loss and periodontal inflammation in mice with both periodontitis and MetS, suggesting that GPR40 plays a favorable role in MetS‐associated periodontitis. Furthermore, GPR40 deficiency or inhibition in macrophages further upregulated proinflammatory and pro‐osteoclastogenic genes induced by LPS and palmitic acid, suggesting that GPR40 has anti‐inflammatory and anti‐osteoclastogenic properties.