bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ventilation CFD Analysis at an Classroom as a Tool for Air Safety Verification Under COVID19 Context, a Case Study
Authors: Kehler Patrik , Chaves Carlos , García Abdias , Centurion Hugo , Escobar Alejandro , Lopes Logan , Aquino Santiago , Ferreira Nicolás , Kurita Jorge
Published: January 2022

The COVID 19 pandemic has struck the global economy and slowed down human activity. Paraguay, a small South-American country, was not an exception. This work results from the urgent need to reopen universities, schools, and other academic institutions to resume teaching activities in light of restrictive access to online learning in Paraguay. In order to contain the spread of this virus, school activities such as course lectures were placed on hold indefinitely. Inappropriate airflow in an enclosed space is one of the main factors in the spread of this virus. When combined with personal protective equipment, proper air ventilation and air replacement can significantly reduce this airborne virus’s spread. Potential sources of contaminant accumulation are stagnant locations of air in a closed volume. It is, therefore, essential to first identify these hot spots. Utilizing computational tools, such as CFD, an airflow analysis can be conducted to see any potential stagnant point. In the case of a classroom, it will then allow proper airflow by avoiding stagnant points by moving furniture, equipment, and chairs in combination to adding walls and opening windows and doors. This type of CFD study will set the benchmark for future classroom layout standards in this pandemic background. The work discussed here is a case study on a 300 student classroom at the Faculty of Engineering at the National University of Asuncion.

The CFD results showed detailed information on flow patterns and velocity profiles in the analyzed classroom environment and air cycle and exhaust results. The six air conditioning systems blowing 300 CFM each, combined with eight fans installed at the ceiling, forced air to recirculate and helped to remove old air to the windows and suction some new air from doors. This helped university administrators to reopen some class areas and keep their faculties and students safe for lectures. It is important to remark here that air reposition could be measured, showing 200 CFM air removal in this first simulation run. Further analysis with a different internal layout will be needed to see if any improvements can be made. It is expected to have a much better air removal by adding a localized exhaust fan. This work suggests the location of each location’s outlet points and flows capacity to ensure proper ventilation is achieved in this particular case study. Other academic institutions are showing interest in implementing this computational tool to design classroom layout as well as ventilation schemes.
Design of an Apparatus to Measure Aerodynamic Forces During Flapping Wing Hovering
Authors: Fernandez Vernon , Vejdani Hamid , Jawad Badih
Published: January 2022

In this paper we report on the design of an apparatus to study the force distribution on flapping wings during hovering. We designed the system to use a well-known optical technique that measures the deflection of a wing along the wingspan using high speed cameras. Our motivation is to understand the generated aerodynamic forces on flapping wings to be able to design and control flapping flight robots. We are inspired in particular by the wing motion of hummingbirds and dragonflies. Dragonflies have two wings that move at an offset distance from each other and have the ability to rotate about its longitudinal axis in order to change the azimuth angle during its flapping motion. The knowledge gained from such a study can be used to design flapping wing flying robots.
Linear Vibration of Functionally Graded Beams in Contact With an Inviscid Incompressible Fluid
Authors: Valencia Murillo Carlos , Gutierrez Rivera Miguel , Celaya Garcia Luis , Ledesma Orozco Elias
Published: January 2022

In this paper, a finite element formulation to analyze the free vibration response of functionally graded beams interacting with a finite fluid domain is presented. The finite element model of the beam is based on the Third-order Shear Deformation Theory, while the equations of motion are obtained by means of Hamilton’s principle. Additionally, the Functionally Graded Material (FGM) is considered to vary by means of the power-law distribution and that the volume variation of the constituents is only along its thickness coordinate. The constituents are considered in the elastic regime and the beam is subjected to small deformations. The fluid domain is assumed as an inviscid incompressible fluid. The contact between the beam and the fluid generates a coupling between their corresponding finite element models, and this interaction is considered by means of an added mass approach. Numerical comparison with results available in the literature is made, to validate the presented formulation. Additionally, to illustrate the behavior of the functionally graded beams interacting with an inviscid fluid, natural frequencies and vibration modes, for different ratios of fluid density to solid density and length to height, are presented.
The Influence of Rapid Transient Heating in Critical Heat Flux of Boiling Heat Transfer
Authors: Gao Yuan , Song Zhuorui , Villarreal Ezekiel , Ban Heng
Published: January 2022

The critical heat flux of fast transient boiling impacts the safety assessment of nuclear reactor designs. This paper conducted a series of experiments to explore the critical heat flux of saturated water boiling at different heating rates on a platinum wire. The wire is placed in a glass box surrounded by deionized water at saturation temperature. The diameter of wire is 126 μm, and a constant voltage power supply is used. Data is collected at 250k sample/s. A high-speed camera with 50,000 fps is used to record boiling video. Eight tests are presented with 2 steady boiling experiments and 6 transient boiling experiments. In steady boiling experiments, both the wire temperature and heat flux to the water increase until they reach a steady point. In the transient boiling experiments, the wire temperature keeps increasing. But the heat flux reaches a peak first, a critical heat flux; then it goes down to a certain value before the power is shut off. The higher the wire heating rate, the larger the critical heat flux peak will be. The mechanism of the critical heat flux peak relates to bubble formation, propagation, and coalescence, and is discussed based on the high-speed camera images. This initial research in transient boiling paved the way for further experiments with subcooling at prototypical temperature and pressure conditions in a nuclear pressured water reactor.
Optimum Selection of Thin-Walled Laminated Composite Structures in Robot Design
Authors: Khozeimeh M. A. , Moazed R. , Fotouhi R.
Published: January 2022

In this paper, a simplified approach for the design of thin-walled laminated composite beam structures is presented. For this purpose, structural efficiency metrics have been developed that allow for the integrated selection of layup sequence, materials of construction, and cross-sectional shape of laminated composite beams. The structural efficiency metrics are plotted in design charts for axial, bending (in both cross-section’s principal directions), and torsional loading conditions. The design charts provide the designer with an accurate and efficient approach for the selection of the optimum fiber direction, number of layers in the laminate, and mass of the overall structure. The results are generated for two different sizes of envelopes to analyze various cross-sectional types and sizes. It is shown that the design charts can be applied to single open and closed loop cross sections as well as multi-cell sections. The proposed simplified approach and developed design charts have been used for increasing the bending and torsional stiffness of a laminated composite robotic arm. The results show that the design charts can be used to accurately predict stiffnesses and deformations and assist the designer in selecting the various parameters that govern the performance of laminated composite beams.
Additive Manufacturing Design of the Frequency-Scaled, Ultra-Wideband, Spectrum Element (FUSE™) Phased Array Antenna
Authors: Ramos-Carrizosa Francisco F. , Elsallal M. Wajih , Liston John P.
Published: January 2022

In 2015, MITRE introduced a new class of wideband phased array antenna technology called the Frequency-Scaled, Ultra-Wideband, Spectrum Element (FUSE™) array. Since then, MITRE has continued to advance the technology improving electrical performance and manufacturing design to expedite deployment into the field. One such improvement was to redesign the FUSE™ antenna to be additively manufacturable in 2017. Additive manufacturing (AM) reduced manufacturing complexity to one or two steps (depending on the array design), fabrication and labor-intensive assembly costs by up to 50%, and fabrication time from months to weeks. Furthermore, the unique capabilities of AM enable the use of internal latticed structures which can result in 50% weight reduction.

This paper discusses a follow-on study to the first AM FUSE™ array comparing the design and manufacture of two new FUSE™ antennas operating between 1 and 6 Gigahertz (GHz) with identical geometries but built via different additive manufacturing processes: direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) and stereolithography (SLA). The SLA part was metal plated to achieve RF and structure requirements and is referred to as the “plated-stereolithography (p-SLA) FUSE™”. Both versions exhibit nearly identical RF performance while benefitting from unique attributes of each manufacturing design.
Jugando con la musicalidad de las lenguas
Authors: Albisu Barandiaran Josune
Published: January 2022

Partiendo de los trabajos antropológicos sobre los dones (Mauss, 2009; Sansi, 2014) nos centraremos en las posibilidades que plantea el arte participativo, tomando como referencia la estética relacional de Bourriaud (2013) y la definición de creatividad (relación entre obra, autor y receptor) por parte de Csikszentmihályi (2011[1996]. Trataremos de identificar un "espacio relacional" que nos ayudará a entender la importancia de la diversidad. La definición de ese espacio (Jullien, 2017; Berger, 2015; Oteiza, 2010) conformará el núcleo de esta propuesta, siendo el punto de intersección donde convergen los factores que nos aúnan en la diversidad.Para ilustrar este pensamiento proponemos un ejercicio con la canción "Gaberakoaterbea" de Laboa. En principio es la musicalidad de las lenguas a lo que atenderemos. Escucharemos recitar la letra en diferentes idiomas. De hecho, cada idioma tiene su musicalidad; podríamos decir que las lenguas y los idiomas son un continuum (Finnegan, 2016). Finalmente, cuando escuchemos la canción (obra musical) podremos experimentar, la riqueza que nos ofrece la diversidad de idiomas y a la par sentir lo común (lo que nos une).No me gustaría concluir sin reflexionar sobre la posibilidad de utilizar estos "espacios relacionales" en otras áreas de las culturas, siendo conscientes de la necesidad de esfuerzos compartidos para el fluir de las relaciones, que tiene como constante las transformaciones y mutaciones.
Ray tracing in a stratified moving atmosphere: Azimuthal deviation in sound propagation
Authors: Ostashev Vladimir E. , Norris David
Published: January 2022

Ray tracing based on a closed-form expression for the sound propagation path in a stratified moving medium such as a stratified atmosphere is suggested. The approach involves a one-dimensional (1D) integration over the vertical coordinate and can complement existing ray tracing codes based on a set of differential equations. It can also be used as a benchmark solution, because 1D integration is usually computationally simpler than these codes. Using this approach, a closed-form expression for the azimuthal deviation between the true and apparent source location is obtained. The result enables estimation of the azimuthal deviation given a crosswind or remote sensing of the crosswind provided the azimuthal deviation is measured. Based on these formulations, sound propagation in the atmospheric surface layer characterized by the friction velocity and surface heat flux is studied.
Motor Competence Among Children in the United Kingdom and Ireland: An Expert Statement on Behalf of the International Motor Development Research Consortium
Authors: Duncan Michael J. , Foweather Lawrence , Bardid Farid , Barnett Anna L. , Rudd James , O’Brien Wesley , Foulkes Jonathan D. , Roscoe Clare , Issartel Johann , Stratton Gareth , Clark Cain C.T.
Published: January 2022

The United Kingdom and Ireland have a well-established research base in motor competence (MC) research, ranging from reporting and monitoring levels of MC, developing assessment tools for MC, providing innovative curriculum and intervention design to support learning and development, as well as providing advocacy for particular groups, such as those with motor impairments. This expert statement, on behalf of the International Motor Development Research Consortium, draws together what is currently known about levels of MC in the United Kingdom and Ireland as well as current approaches to intervention in both countries. Subsequently presented are recommendations for researchers and practitioners to advance the field of MC for the benefit of children and youth in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and worldwide.
The Effects of Virtual Reality Nonphysical Mental Training on Coordination and Skill Transfer in Healthy Adults
Authors: Köyağasıoğlu Ogün , Özgürbüz Cengizhan
Published: January 2022

Context: Mental training is a promising method to improve motor skills. However, transfer of these improvements to different skills or functional activities is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of mental balance training programs on motor coordination and skill transfer. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Fifty-seven healthy adults (28 females and 29 males) aged between 18 and 25 years participated in this study. Participants were randomly assigned to 3 groups: virtual reality (VR) mental training group, conventional mental training group, and control group. The training program included action observation and motor imagery practice with balance exercise videos. The VR mental training group trained with a VR head-mounted display and the conventional mental training group trained with a nonimmersive computer monitor for 30 minutes, 3 days per week, for 4 weeks. Coordination skills were tested with 2 separate custom-made obstacle course tests (OCT-1 and OCT-2). OCT tests included crouching, turning, leaning, stepping over, changing direction, walking on various surfaces, or using repeated hand and arm movement tasks. OCT-1 was used to investigate the effects of mental exercises on coordination skills, and OCT-2 to investigate transfer effects for novel tasks. Test time (total and corrected) and error types (minor, major, and total) were recorded. Touching an obstacle without changing its position was classified as a minor error, and changing its position was a major error. Results: OCT-1 test time and number of errors significantly decreased in the VR mental training and conventional mental training groups, but not in the control group. The number of minor errors was only decreased in the VR mental training group. For OCT-2, total and corrected time were not significantly different between the groups. However, both training groups were significantly superior to the control group for all types of errors. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that both training interventions can significantly improve coordination and skill transfer test results. In addition, VR mental training may have some advantages over conventional mental training. These findings are promising for the use of mental training for prevention and rehabilitation in special populations.
Structural basis for assembly of TRAPPII complex and specific activation of GTPase Ypt31/32
Authors: Mi Chenchen , Zhang Li , Huang Guoqiang , Shao Guangcan , Yang Fan , You Xin , Dong Meng-Qiu , Sun Shan , Sui Sen-Fang
Published: January 2022

Transport protein particle (TRAPP) complexes belong to the multiprotein tethering complex and exist in three forms—core TRAPP/TRAPPI, TRAPPII, and TRAPPIII. TRAPPII activates GTPase Ypt31/Ypt32 as the guanine nucleotide exchange factor in the trans-Golgi network to determine the maturation of Golgi cisternae into post-Golgi carriers in yeast. Here, we present cryo-EM structures of yeast TRAPPII in apo and Ypt32-bound states. All the structures show a dimeric architecture assembled by two triangle-shaped monomers, while the monomer in the apo state exhibits both open and closed conformations, and the monomer in the Ypt32-bound form only captures the closed conformation. Located in the interior of the monomer, Ypt32 binds with both core TRAPP/TRAPPI and Trs120 via its nucleotide-binding domain and binds with Trs31 via its hypervariable domain. Combined with functional analysis, the structures provide insights into the assembly of TRAPPII and the mechanism of the specific activation of Ypt31/Ypt32 by TRAPPII.
Pore dynamics and asymmetric cargo loading in an encapsulin nanocompartment
Authors: Ross Jennifer , McIver Zak , Lambert Thomas , Piergentili Cecilia , Bird Jasmine Emma , Gallagher Kelly J. , Cruickshank Faye L. , James Patrick , Zarazúa-Arvizu Efrain , Horsfall Louise E. , Waldron Kevin J. , Wilson Marcus D. , Mackay C. Logan , Baslé Arnaud , Clarke David J. , Marles-Wright Jon
Published: January 2022

Encapsulins are protein nanocompartments that house various cargo enzymes, including a family of decameric ferritin-like proteins. Here, we study a recombinant
Haliangium ochraceum
encapsulin:encapsulated ferritin complex using cryo–electron microscopy and hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to gain insight into the structural relationship between the encapsulin shell and its protein cargo. An asymmetric single-particle reconstruction reveals four encapsulated ferritin decamers in a tetrahedral arrangement within the encapsulin nanocompartment. This leads to a symmetry mismatch between the protein cargo and the icosahedral encapsulin shell. The encapsulated ferritin decamers are offset from the interior face of the encapsulin shell. Using hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, we observed the dynamic behavior of the major fivefold pore in the encapsulin shell and show the pore opening via the movement of the encapsulin A-domain. These data will accelerate efforts to engineer the encapsulation of heterologous cargo proteins and to alter the permeability of the encapsulin shell via pore modifications.
Platelet-mimicking procoagulant nanoparticles augment hemostasis in animal models of bleeding
Authors: Sekhon Ujjal Didar Singh , Swingle Kelsey , Girish Aditya , Luc Norman , de la Fuente Maria , Alvikas Jurgis , Haldeman Shannon , Hassoune Adnan , Shah Kaisal , Kim Youjoung , Eppell Steven , Capadona Jeffrey , Shoffstall Andrew , Neal Matthew D. , Li Wei , Nieman Marvin , Sen Gupta Anirban
Published: January 2022

Treatment of bleeding disorders using transfusion of donor-derived platelets faces logistical challenges due to their limited availability, high risk of contamination, and short (5 to 7 days) shelf life. These challenges could be potentially addressed by designing platelet mimetics that emulate the adhesion, aggregation, and procoagulant functions of platelets. To this end, we created liposome-based platelet-mimicking procoagulant nanoparticles (PPNs) that can expose the phospholipid phosphatidylserine on their surface in response to plasmin. First, we tested PPNs in vitro using human plasma and demonstrated plasmin-triggered exposure of phosphatidylserine and the resultant assembly of coagulation factors on the PPN surface. We also showed that this phosphatidylserine exposed on the PPN surface could restore and enhance thrombin generation and fibrin formation in human plasma depleted of platelets. In human plasma and whole blood in vitro, PPNs improved fibrin stability and clot robustness in a fibrinolytic environment. We then tested PPNs in vivo in a mouse model of thrombocytopenia where treatment with PPNs reduced blood loss in a manner comparable to treatment with syngeneic platelets. Furthermore, in rat and mouse models of traumatic hemorrhage, treatment with PPNs substantially reduced bleeding and improved survival. No sign of systemic or off-target thrombotic risks was observed in the animal studies. These findings demonstrate the potential of PPNs as a platelet surrogate that should be further investigated for the management of bleeding.
Roseobacter
Group Probiotics Exhibit Differential Killing of Fish Pathogenic
Tenacibaculum
Species
Authors: Tesdorpf Jens Edward , Geers Aileen Ute , Strube Mikael Lenz , Gram Lone , Bentzon-Tilia Mikkel
Published: January 2022

A productive and sustainable aquaculture sector is needed to meet the UN sustainable development goals and supply the growing world population with high-protein food sources. A sustainable way to prevent disease outbreaks in the industry is the application of probiotic bacteria that can antagonize fish pathogens in the aquaculture systems.
Evaluating Antibody Mediated Protection against Alpha, Beta, and Delta SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern in K18-hACE2 Transgenic Mice
Authors: Wong Ting Y. , Horspool Alexander M. , Russ Brynnan P. , Ye Chengjin , Lee Katherine S. , Winters Michael T. , Bevere Justin R. , Miller Olivia A. , Rader Nathaniel A. , Cooper Melissa , Kieffer Theodore , Sourimant Julien , Greninger Alexander L. , Plemper Richard K. , Denvir James , Cyphert Holly A. , Barbier Mariette , Torrelles Jordi B. , Martinez Ivan , Martinez-Sobrido Luis , Damron F. Heath
Published: January 2022

Emerging SARS-CoV-2 VoC are posing new problems regarding vaccine and monoclonal antibody efficacy. To better understand immune evasion tactics of the VoC, we utilized passive immunization to study the effect of early-pandemic SARS-CoV-2 HCP against, Alpha, Beta, and Delta VoC.
T-Cell Immunoglobulin and Mucin Domain 1 (TIM-1) Is a Functional Entry Factor for Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus
Authors: Zhang Xiaowei , Liang Cuiqin , Wang Hanzhong , Guo Zhengyuan , Rong Heng , Pan Jingdi , Li Wei , Pei Rongjuan , Chen Xinwen , Zhang Zhiping , Zhang Xian-En , Cui Zongqiang
Published: January 2022

TBEV is a tick-transmitted flavivirus that causes serious diseases in the human central nervous system in Eurasia. The host determinants required for viral entry remain poorly understood.
Coxiella burnetii Sterol-Modifying Protein Stmp1 Regulates Cholesterol in the Intracellular Niche
Authors: Clemente Tatiana M. , Ratnayake Rochelle , Samanta Dhritiman , Augusto Leonardo , Beare Paul A. , Heinzen Robert A. , Gilk Stacey D.
Published: January 2022

Coxiella burnetii
is the causative agent of human Q fever, an emerging infectious disease and significant cause of culture-negative endocarditis. Acute infections are often undiagnosed, there are no licensed vaccines in the United States, and chronic Q fever requires a prolonged antibiotic treatment.
Limited Variation between SARS-CoV-2-Infected Individuals in Domain Specificity and Relative Potency of the Antibody Response against the Spike Glycoprotein
Authors: Van Ert Hanora A. , Bohan Dana W. , Rogers Kai , Fili Mohammad , Rojas Chávez Roberth A. , Qing Enya , Han Changze , Dempewolf Spencer , Hu Guiping , Schwery Nathan , Sevcik Kristina , Ruggio Natalie , Boyt Devlin , Pentella Michael A. , Gallagher Tom , Jackson J. Brooks , Merrill Anna E. , Knudson C. Michael , Brown Grant D. , Maury Wendy , Haim Hillel
Published: January 2022

Infection by SARS-CoV-2 elicits antibodies against various domains of the spike protein, including the RBD and NTD of subunit S1 and against subunit S2. The antibody responses of different infected individuals exhibit different efficacies to inactivate (neutralize) the virus.
The Linker Region Promotes Activity and Binding Efficiency of Modular LPMO towards Polymeric Substrate
Authors: Srivastava Aishwarya , Nagar Pragya , Rathore Sumit , Adlakha Nidhi
Published: January 2022

The polysaccharide-disintegrating carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) are often found with multimodular architecture, where the catalytic domain is connected to an accessory CBM domain with the help of a flexible linker region. So far, the linker has been understood merely as a flexible spacer between the two domains.
Supplemental Material: Evidence for pre-Cenozoic extension in the eastern Main Ranges of the southern Canadian Rockies
Authors: Taerum R.L.
Published: January 2022

Index map and reference list of background material used for this project. Bedding and cleavage data measured in this project. Final 1:50,000 geologic map and accompanying cross-sections produced in this project.
Hemiretinal vein occlusion 12-month outcomes are unique with vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors: data from the Fight Retinal Blindness! Registry
Authors: Hunt Adrian Robert , Nguyen Vuong , Arnold Jennifer J , McAllister Ian L , Mehta Hemal , Invernizzi Alessandro , Ponsioen Theodorus , Gabrielle Pierre-Henry , O'Toole Louise , Kusenda Pavol , Alforja Socorro , Barthelmes Daniel , Gillies Mark C
Published: January 2022

Background/aims

To describe baseline characteristics and 12-month outcomes with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors of treatment-naïve hemiretinal vein occlusion (HRVO) compared with branch (BRVO) and central (CRVO) variants in routine clinical care.

Methods

A database observational study recruited 79 HRVO eyes, 590 BRVO eyes and 344 CRVO eyes that initiated therapy over 10 years. The primary outcome was mean change in visual acuity (VA—letters read on a logarithm of minimal angle of resolution chart) at 12 months. Secondary outcomes included mean change in central subfield thickness (CST), injections and visits.

Results

At baseline, mean VA in HRVO (53.8) was similar to CRVO (51.9; p=0.40) but lower than BRVO (59.4; p=0.009). HRVO eyes improved to match BRVO eyes from soon after treatment started through 12 months. Mean change in VA was greater in HRVO (+16.4) than both BRVO (+11.4; p=0.006) and CRVO (+8.5; p<0.001). Mean change in CST in HRVO (−231 µm) was similar to CRVO (−259 µm; p=0.33) but greater than BRVO eyes (−151 µm; p=0.003). The groups had similar median burdens of eight injections and nine visits.

Conclusions

HRVO generally experienced the greatest mean change in VA of the three types of RVO when treated with VEGF inhibitors, ending with similar 12-month VA and CST to BRVO despite starting closer to CRVO. Inclusion of HRVO in BRVO or CRVO cohorts of clinical trials would be expected to proportionally inflate and skew the visual and anatomic outcomes.
Simplified and more sensitive criteria for identifying individuals with pathogenicCDH1variants
Authors: Lerner Benjamin A , Xicola Rosa M , Rodriguez Nicolette J , Karam Rachid , Llor Xavier
Published: January 2022

Background

Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) is an autosomal-dominant syndrome most often caused by pathogenic variants inCDH1. The International Gastric Cancer Linkage Consortium (IGCLC) recently updated its criteria for genetic testing. The purpose of this study was to estimate the sensitivity of IGCLC’s 2020 criteria for identifying carriers ofCDH1pathogenic variants and to formulate a new set of criteria that is simpler and more sensitive.

Methods

Medical histories of 112CDH1mutation carriers, identified predominantly by multigene panel testing, and their 649 family members were reviewed. The percentage of subjects fulfilling the IGCLC 2015 and 2020 criteria was calculated, once without making any assumptions about unavailable pathology, and once assuming gastric cancer to be diffuse when pathology was unavailable. For comparison, we calculated the percentage of subjects who fulfilled our proposed criteria.

Results

When making no assumptions about missing pathology, a small (19%) and equal percentage ofCDH1mutation carriers fulfilled the IGCLC 2015 and 2020 criteria. When assuming unspecified gastric cancer to be diffuse, 45 out of 112 (40%) subjects met the 2015 criteria and 53 out of 112 (47%) met the 2020 criteria. Eighty-seven per cent (97/112) fulfilled our proposed criteria.

Conclusion

In consecutive cases, mostly unselected for clinical criteria of HDGC, the IGCLC 2020 criteria are, at best, marginally more sensitive than previous iterations, but they are also more cumbersome. Unavailable cancer pathology reports are a real-world obstacle to their proper application. Our proposed Yale criteria both address this issue and offer significantly greater sensitivity than the IGCLC 2020 criteria.
Acute ischaemic stroke associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in North America
Authors: Dmytriw Adam A , Dibas Mahmoud , Phan Kevin , Efendizade Aslan , Ospel Johanna , Schirmer Clemens , Settecase Fabio , Heran Manraj K S , Kühn Anna Luisa , Puri Ajit S , Menon Bijoy K , Sivakumar Sanjeev , Mowla Askan , Vela-Duarte Daniel , Linfante Italo , Dabus Guilherme C , Regenhardt Robert W , D'Amato Salvatore , Rosenthal Joseph A , Zha Alicia , Talukder Nafee , Sheth Sunil A , Hassan Ameer E , Cooke Daniel L , Leung Lester Y , Malek Adel M , Voetsch Barbara , Sehgal Siddharth , Wakhloo Ajay K , Goyal Mayank , Wu Hannah , Cohen Jake , Ghozy Sherief , Turkel-Parella David , Farooq Zerwa , Vranic Justin E , Rabinov James D , Stapleton Christopher J , Minhas Ramandeep , Velayudhan Vinodkumar , Chaudhry Zeshan Ahmed , Xavier Andrew , Bullrich Maria Bres , Pandey Sachin , Sposato Luciano A , Johnson Stephen A , Gupta Gaurav , Khandelwal Priyank , Ali Latisha , Liebeskind David S , Farooqui Mudassir , Ortega-Gutierrez Santiago , Nahab Fadi , Jillella Dinesh V , Chen Karen , Aziz-Sultan Mohammad Ali , Abdalkader Mohamad , Kaliaev Artem , Nguyen Thanh N , Haussen Diogo C , Nogueira Raul G , Haq Israr Ul , Zaidat Osama O , Sanborn Emma , Leslie-Mazwi Thabele M , Patel Aman B , Siegler James E , Tiwari Ambooj
Published: January 2022

Background

To analyse the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) and identify factors predicting functional outcome.

Methods

Multicentre retrospective cohort study of COVID-19 patients with AIS who presented to 30 stroke centres in the USA and Canada between 14 March and 30 August 2020. The primary endpoint was poor functional outcome, defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 5 or 6 at discharge. Secondary endpoints include favourable outcome (mRS ≤2) and mortality at discharge, ordinal mRS (shift analysis), symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (sICH) and occurrence of in-hospital complications.

Results

A total of 216 COVID-19 patients with AIS were included. 68.1% (147/216) were older than 60 years, while 31.9% (69/216) were younger. Median [IQR] National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at presentation was 12.5 (15.8), and 44.2% (87/197) presented with large vessel occlusion (LVO). Approximately 51.3% (98/191) of the patients had poor outcomes with an observed mortality rate of 39.1% (81/207). Age >60 years (aOR: 5.11, 95% CI 2.08 to 12.56, p<0.001), diabetes mellitus (aOR: 2.66, 95% CI 1.16 to 6.09, p=0.021), higher NIHSS at admission (aOR: 1.08, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.14, p=0.006), LVO (aOR: 2.45, 95% CI 1.04 to 5.78, p=0.042), and higher NLR level (aOR: 1.06, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.11, p=0.028) were significantly associated with poor functional outcome.

Conclusion

There is relationship between COVID-19-associated AIS and severe disability or death. We identified several factors which predict worse outcomes, and these outcomes were more frequent compared to global averages. We found that elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, rather than D-Dimer, predicted both morbidity and mortality.
Improving forecasts of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) with parametric and nonparametric models
Authors: Ovando Daniel , Cunningham Curry , Kuriyama Peter , Boatright Christopher , Hilborn Ray
Published: January 2022

Accurate forecasts of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Bristol Bay, Alaska, play an important role in management and harvesting decisions for this culturally and ecologically vital species. We used a suite of parametric and nonparametric models to assess the frontiers in forecast accuracy of Bristol Bay sockeye salmon possible given currently available data. In retrospective performance testing individual models were capable of reducing pre-season forecast error at the river system level by on average 15% relative to a benchmark model. We used an ensemble modeling approach to produce pre-season forecasts based on historical performance of individual models. This ensemble model reduced river system forecast error by 13% on average in 5 of the 7 evaluated river systems, though it increased forecast error by 39% on average in the remaining 2 systems. We found potential for modest improvements in forecast accuracy across a variety of scales. However, all tested models failed to accurately predict certain periods in the historical salmon return patterns, indicating that further forecast improvements likely depend on novel data rather than more flexible models.
Aerodynamic performance analysis of a supercritical airfoil in the helicopter main rotor
Authors: Hasan Inamul , R Mukesh , P Radha Krishnan , R Srinath
Published: January 2022

Helicopters can be considered as any-terrain vehicles, as they can take off and land at any location. The aerodynamic characteristics of helicopters are more complicated than those of fixed-wing aircraft. The rotor is the source of lift and thrust for helicopters. The complex aerodynamic characteristics of helicopters are due to their rotational frame and variations in the velocity and pressure throughout the blades. Moreover, the airfoil undergoes phase changes because half of the phase exhibits a trailing edge toward the flow. In this study, four isolated helicopter rotor blades were analyzed using ANSYS Fluent in terms of flow in a static domain under non-rotating conditions. Supercritical airfoils used in high-speed aircraft have been found to be incredibly useful in the transonic region. They increased the critical and drag divergence Mach numbers. Incorporating supercritical airfoils in helicopter rotor blades ensures suitable flow characteristics and more than 50% efficiency compared to those of the HH02 blade in a stationary frame. Analyses were conducted for HH02 and NASA SC(2)-0714 airfoils with Mach numbers of 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 without rotation. The post-processing results prove that the NASA SC(2)-0714 airfoil rotor achieves a better aerodynamic performance than the HH02 airfoil rotor.
A modified lattice hydrodynamic model considering the driver’s predictive and honk effect
Authors: Qiu Dongdong , Xu Qing , Zhai Cong
Published: January 2022

Vehicular honk behavior is not uncommon in real traffic. Meanwhile, with the advent of sensors and communication technology, the real-time traffic state can be readily available to drivers. With such information, drivers can estimate the future traffic status and take countermeasures in advance. In this study, we propose a new lattice hydrodynamic model by jointly considering the vehicular honk and driver’s predictive effect. In the linear stability analysis section, neutral stability curve of the model is given, and the modified Korteweg de Vries (mKdV) equation is obtained in nonlinear stability analysis. The kink–antikink soliton solution is obtained by solving the above mKdV equation, which can be used to describe the phase transition of the traffic flow near the critical point. Results show that the honk and the driver’s predictive effect contribute to the traffic flow stability.
ANALYSIS OF A NONLINEAR DYNAMICAL MODEL OF HEPATITIS B DISEASE
Authors: LIU PEIJIANG , SHEN WEI-YUN , DIN ANWARUD
Published: January 2022

Mathematical epidemiology holds prime importance for comprehending the dynamics of infectious diseases. Consequently, mathematical model of hepatitis B with fractional-order derivative under Caputo sense is primarily focused in this research. The analysis of the required solution is qualitatively derived by applying the fixed-point theory approach. By perturbing the proposed model, the Ulam–Hyer’s stability techniques are further derived. To achieve the iterative series solution of the proposed system of hepatitis, the modified Euler method like Taylor’s series method is utilized. For validation and importance of the fractional operators, sufficient significant numerical results at various fractional orders are presented and compared them with the integer order. It is inferred from this research that, by using the fractional-order method, the transmission mechanism of hepatitis B disease can be acutely revealed. This study may provide positive theoretical support for the prevention and treatment of hepatitis B disease.
ON ANALYTICAL AND NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS FOR THE ULTRA-SHORT PULSES MATHEMATICAL MODEL IN OPTICAL FIBERS
Authors: HOU ENRAN , WANG FUZHANG , SALAMA SAMIR A. , KHATER MOSTAFA M. A.
Published: January 2022

This paper investigates the solitons and breathers wave solutions of the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLGSE) of third order through new generalized computational (generalized Khater (GK)) technique. These solutions are employed to construct the initial and boundary conditions to apply a new numerical scheme known by the trigonometric Quintic spline. This well-known mathematical model in ultra-short pulses in the engineering and applied sciences, especially optical fibers, where the obtained solutions can be used in distinct applications. The NLGSE is the basis of the mechanical wave model, which helps in studying the structure of the atom, and as the name suggests, it shows all the wave-like properties of matter. Also, it is considered a state function of a quantum-mechanical system that describes the atoms’ dynamical and physical behavior, or transistors where it determines the atomic particle at a specific position and time. In fact, this approach is sometimes regarded as a platform for quantum aspects. The accuracy of our solutions is checked by evaluating the absolute error value between functional and numerical solutions. In addition, the physical representations of the model under consideration are represented in some of the solutions obtained graphically. The consequences of empirical and computational methods are confirmed by the accuracy and uniqueness of their tests.
FRACTIONAL MATHEMATICAL MODELING TO THE SPREAD OF POLIO WITH THE ROLE OF VACCINATION UNDER NON-SINGULAR KERNEL
Authors: LIU XUAN , UR RAHMAN MATI , ARFAN MUHAMMAD , TCHIER FAIROUZ , AHMAD SHABIR , INC MUSTAFA , AKINYEMI LANRE
Published: January 2022

This paper deals with the fractional mathematical model for the spread of polio in a community with variable size structure including the role of vaccination. The considered model has been extended with help of Atangana–Baleanu in the sense of the Caputo (ABC) fractional operator. The positivity and boundedness of solution (positively invariant region) are presented for the ABC-fractional model of polio. The fixed-point theory has been adopted to study the existing results and uniqueness of the solution for the concerned problem. We also investigate the stability result for the considered model using the Ulam–Hyers stability scheme by taking a small perturbation in the beginning. Numerical simulation is obtained with the help of the fractional Adams–Bashforth technique. Two different initial approximations for all the compartments have been tested for achieving stability to their same equilibrium points. The control simulation is also drawn at fixed infection and exposure rates at various fractional orders. The comparison at different available rates of infection and exposition is also plotted to show the decrease in the infection by decreasing these rates. Various graphical presentations are given to understand the dynamics of the model at various fractional orders.
MODELING THE DYNAMICS OF STOCHASTIC NOROVIRUS EPIDEMIC MODEL WITH TIME DELAY
Authors: WANG YE , ABDELJAWAD THABET , DIN ANWARUD
Published: January 2022

In this work, we study the norovirus (NoV) epidemic model with random perturbations and a time delay. First of all, the existence and uniqueness of the global positive solution are obtained. Then, we derive sufficient conditions for the extinction of the disease. Moreover, by establishing appropriate Lyapunov function, the existence of a stationary distribution is discussed. Some numerical simulations are given to illustrate our analytical results.
Experimental Analysis and Parametric Study on the Dehumidification System Using Liquid Hybrid Desiccants-A Source of Sustainable Energy
Authors: Murthy Krishna , Shetty Rahul J , Kumar Shiva
Published: January 2022

The desiccant cooling mechanism is one of the alternate methods to control the air humidity compared to the conventional air conditioning system. An experimental investigation has been carried out in the current research using a hybrid desiccant in a liquid desiccant dehumidification system. Triethylene glycol (TEG) mixed with different proportions of magnesium chloride (MgCl2) has been used as the hybrid desiccants. The performance of the dehumidifier was measured using the parameter moisture removal rate and enthalpy effectiveness. The blends of TEG and MgCl2 gave a better moisture removal rate (MRR) as compared to 100% TEG. The MRR and moisture effectiveness increased with the increasing desiccant flow rate and air flow rate for all of the blend ratios. The blend with 25% MgCl2 and 75% TEG concentration had relatively high MRR and dehumidification effectiveness. The study reveals that if an optimized blend of TEG and MgCl2 is used as the desiccant instead of a neat TEG, it will overcome the high viscosity problems of TEG and become one of the promising candidates for sustainable energy sources.
Cache Interference-aware Task Partitioning for Non-preemptive Real-time Multi-core Systems
Authors: Xiao Jun , Shen Yixian , Pimentel Andy D.
Published: January 2022

Shared caches in multi-core processors introduce serious difficulties in providing guarantees on the real-time properties of embedded software due to the interaction and the resulting contention in the shared caches. Prior work has studied the schedulability analysis of global scheduling for real-time multi-core systems with shared caches. This article considers another common scheduling paradigm: partitioned scheduling in the presence of shared cache interference. To achieve this, we propose CITTA, a cache interference-aware task partitioning algorithm. We first analyze the shared cache interference between two programs for set-associative instruction and data caches. Then, an integer programming formulation is constructed to calculate the upper bound on cache interference exhibited by a task, which is required by CITTA. We conduct schedulability analysis of CITTA and formally prove its correctness. A set of experiments is performed to evaluate the schedulability performance of CITTA against global EDF scheduling and other greedy partition approaches such as First-fit and Worst-fit over randomly generated tasksets and realistic workloads in embedded systems. Our empirical evaluations show that CITTA outperforms global EDF scheduling and greedy partition approaches in terms of task sets deemed schedulable.
Academic Freedom, Deemed Exports, and International Students, Part 1
Authors: Schaefer Robert
Published: January 2022

The concerns of this column are questions of law and fairness, of the balance of competing interests - of encouraging collaboration among research engineers, scientists, and students against what appears to be coercion and censorship by the U.S. government under the rationale of national defense.
Strategies for "Socially Distant"
Authors: Fraser Steven , Mancl Dennis
Published: January 2022

In the early months of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic abruptly transformed the way the world works and collaborates. With most workrelated travel curtailed and many knowledge workers constrained to work-from-home, face-to-face interaction was replaced by a world of virtual communication and collaboration. In 2021, workflows continue to evolve for universities, corporations, and governments to support "socially distant" R&D, education, and organizational infrastructure. This paper reports on a ICSE 2021 workshop panel focused on how COVID-19 has inspired changes to university-company collaborations, for better or worse. The panel was organized and moderated by Steven Fraser (Innoxec) with invited panelists Sheri Brodeur (MIT), Randy Katz (UC Berkeley), Xue [Steve] Liu (McGill), Stefanie Molthagen- Schnöring (HTW-Berlin), and Sheng-Ying [Aithne] Pao (NTHU Taiwan).
TORACLE 2021 Workshop Summary
Authors: Jahangirova Gunel , Terragni Valerio
Published: January 2022

Testing is an important activity in software engineering, especially with the growing adoption of software systems in safety-critical domains. Testing research, however, is mostly focused on deter- mining which test inputs to use (e.g., proposing and evaluating test coverage criteria or automatic test generation tools). Re- gardless of the used coverage criterion, we need to know whether a given program executes correctly on a given input. Indeed, a test execution for which we cannot discriminate between success or failure serves little purpose. This corresponds to the so-called øracle problem", the problem of knowing whether a program be- haves correctly for a speci c input. Although the importance of the oracle problem is well understood, only a few alternatives exist to manually deriving test oracles. This makes automated test or- acle generation one of the main bottlenecks for achieving full test automation. Therefore, novel approaches and tools are needed to address this important problem.
TensorRT-Based Framework and Optimization Methodology for Deep Learning Inference on Jetson Boards
Authors: Jeong Eunjin , Kim Jangryul , Ha Soonhoi
Published: January 2022

As deep learning inference applications are increasing in embedded devices, an embedded device tends to equip neural processing units (NPUs) in addition to a multi-core CPU and a GPU. NVIDIA Jetson AGX Xavier is an example. For fast and efficient development of deep learning applications, TensorRT is provided as the SDK for high-performance inference, including an optimizer and runtime that delivers low latency and high throughput for deep learning inference applications. Like most deep learning frameworks, TensorRT assumes that the inference is executed on a single processing element, GPU or NPU, not both. In this article, we present a TensorRT-based framework supporting various optimization parameters to accelerate a deep learning application targeted on an NVIDIA Jetson embedded platform with heterogeneous processors, including multi-threading, pipelining, buffer assignment, and network duplication. Since the design space of allocating layers to diverse processing elements and optimizing other parameters is huge, we devise a parameter optimization methodology that consists of a heuristic for balancing pipeline stages among heterogeneous processors and fine-tuning the process for optimizing parameters. With nine real-life benchmarks, we could achieve 101%~680% performance improvement and up to 55% energy reduction over the baseline inference using a GPU only.