bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ANGER MANAGEMENT ROOMS ON THE PSYCHOLOGICAL RECOVERY OF ADDICTIVE CLIENTS
Authors: Abdurrahman Aribowo
Published: August 2024

Addiction is a complex issue that not only affects the individual but also their psychological well-being. Anger management has been identified as a crucial component in the rehabilitation process for individuals struggling with addiction. This study explores the efficacy of Anger Management Rooms as an intervention for individuals undergoing addiction rehabilitation at the BNN Batam Rehabilitation Center. Addiction, often accompanied by complex emotional issues including anger, presents significant challenges in the recovery process. The Anger Management Room offers a structured environment where individuals can learn and practice anger management techniques, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, relaxation training, and emotional expression. By providing tools to identify, understand, and manage anger, this intervention aims to reduce relapse rates and improve overall well-being. This paper reviews existing literature to assess the effectiveness of Anger Management Rooms in addressing the emotional needs of individuals in recovery and discusses the various techniques employed within these spaces
THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGIES ON ISLAMIC INSURANCE AND OTHER FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Muradova Dildora Abdusalimovna
Published: August 2024

This article explores the transformative impact of digital financial technology (FinTech) on Islamic insurance (Takaful) and other financial institutions. It examines the unique opportunities and challenges associated with FinTech innovation in the context of Islamic finance, characterized by adherence to Shariah principles. The study examines the integration of digital technologies such as blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI) and big data analytics to improve operational efficiency, customer experience and regulatory compliance. In addition, it addresses specific issues facing Islamic financial institutions, including Shariah compliance, cybersecurity risks, and the digital divide. The results highlight the need for a strategic approach to leveraging FinTech for sustainable growth in the Islamic finance sector.
THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR COMING YEARS AND THE NEW TYPES OF JOB WHICH DEPEND ON IT. (THE DOMAIN OF MEDICINE AND JOURNALISM , DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY ARE INCLUDED IN THIS ARTICLE)
Authors: Mokhichekhra Askarova
Published: August 2024

-
Analysis of the Realistic Impact of the Explosion of Artificial Intelligence Application on Contemporary Social, Economic and Cultural Development
Authors: Wang Wei , Yi Hong
Published: August 2024

With the rapid development of science and technology, artificial intelligence (AI), as an emerging and extremely subversive technological force, is penetrating into every corner of the social economy at an unprecedented speed, and has had a profound and extensive impact on contemporary social, economic and cultural development. This paper aims to comprehensively analyze the social, economic and cultural changes brought about by the explosion of artificial intelligence application, deeply discuss the opportunities created and challenges faced by it, and propose practical countermeasures on this basis, in order to provide reference and inspiration for decision-makers, researchers and practitioners in related fields.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa Melalui Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Jigsaw di SD Negeri Kebulen Kota Pekalongan
Authors: Murodah Naily , Aini Rofiqotul , Khobir Abdul , Abidin M Yasin
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar siswa kelas IV pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam materi asmaul husna melalui model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe jigsaw di SD Negeri Kebulen Kota Pekalongan. Penelitian ini berjenis penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Pengumpulan data menggunakan tes dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: melalui penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe jigsaw pada mata pelajaran PAI materi asmaul husna kelas IV dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas IV. Hal ini dapat diketahui dari hasil belajar siswa kelas IV SD Negeri Kebulen Kota Pekalongan yaitu pada Test siklus I dari 11 siswa, siswa yang tuntas berjumlah 8 orang atau dengan persentase 73 % dan siswa yang tidak tuntas berjumlah 3 orang atau dengan persentase 27 % dengan nilai rata-rata kelas 78. Selanjutnya pada Test siklus II dari 11 siswa, siswa yang tuntas berjumlah 10 orang atau dengan persentase 91 % dan siswa yang tidak tuntas berjumlah 1 orang atau dengan persentase 9 %, dengan rata-rata kelas 87.
Conflicting Historical Texts in Tariq bin Ziyad's Life
Authors: Al-Jabali Khaled Hassan , Eid Adelah Qasim Shehadeh
Published: August 2024

The study aims to examine the differences in the historical texts in the life of Tariq bin Ziyad, including the issue of the lineage of the outstanding leader Tariq bin Ziyad, who was associated with the conquest of Andalusia with his name in the year (92 AH / 711 AD).  Tariq bin Ziyad is of Persian Hamadanian descent, and some of them consider him to be a Berber from the Nafza tribe, and others said that he is of Arab origin, specifically from the Sadaf tribe that inhabited Hadramawt from the country of Yemen. The historical texts differ regarding the incident of burning ships, which was only mentioned in three sources since it is not a characteristic of Muslim leaders to burn these boats, and the accounts differed on the issue of the dispute between Musa bin Nasir and his leader Tariq bin Ziyad, and Tariq’s non-compliance with his orders, and that Tariq’s campaign was seen as an adventure doomed to failure before. Perhaps the reason why Tariq bin Ziyad did not comply with the orders of his commander was that Tariq had to reap the fruits of his struggle and victory in Wadi Laka.  Before the remnants of the Goths met again, and their matter worsened, Tariq crawled to the city of Shaduna, and with this the life of the leader Musa bin Nasir ended, but we do not hear about the end of the leader Tariq bin Ziyad, and we do not know what are the reasons behind the silence of historical sources about mentioning his end, and all that he entered Damascus.
Labor Participation and Subjective Well-being of Older Adult: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Xia Li , Nordin Noradilah Md
Published: August 2024

The consequence of the rapid aging population has received widespread attention globally. Recently, much attention has been given to the active aging population that exists in the elderly population who are currently working or employed. Therefore, this systematic literature review (SLR) investigates the empirical evidence on the association of older adults' labor participation and subjective well-being. Specifically, two main objectives of this study i.e., examine relationship between labor participation and subjective well-being, and other factors affecting older adults' subjective well-being. We used the PRISMA systematic literature review protocol and searched from two databases (i.e., Scopus and Web of Science) in March 2024. Fourteen studies were included in this SLR. Five studies assessed the effect of personal attributes such gender, income, media use, and marital status on older adults' subjective well-being and eleven articles assessed the increase of labor participation/social participation on subjective well-being of older adults. Two of the articles simultaneously assessed the impact of personal attributes and labor participation/social participation on subjective well-being. The reported findings were classified into personal attributes, labor participation, and subjective well-being. The results of the study show that most researchers believe that older adults' labor participation/social participation and personal attributes are highly correlated with older adults' subjective well-being.
Characteristics of Customary Law and Its Characteristics
Authors: Siregar Aziz
Published: August 2024

In today's sophisticated era we sometimes forget the background of the birth of the law that we know in the social life environment in Indonesia and other Asian countries such as Japan as a country that is almost the same in ideological settings, namely the existence of sources where legal regulations are not written and growing and developing and maintained with the customs adopted by the community as a reference and guideline in step The background in the preparation of this paper is first to understand the terms and application of customary laws and habits in society as an implementation of social and kinship in society. Especially the Indonesian people who are still very strong today even become guidelines that cannot be separated from the current law
The Position of Customary Law in the Legal System: An ExplorationRole, Challenges, and Integration in the Context of National Legal Development
Authors: Saputri Fitri Arianti
Published: August 2024

This article delves into the role of customary law within the Indonesian legal framework, examining its interaction with the Indonesian Constitution and national laws, and how it influences its application in various domains. Through analytical exploration, several key insights emerge. Firstly, customary law occupies a position in the Indonesian legal hierarchy akin to other national laws, albeit differing in its oral or unwritten nature. Secondly, the Constitution of 1945 acknowledges both written and unwritten laws, including customary law (hukum adat), alongside each other, though it places greater emphasis on formal written legislation in governing societal affairs. Thirdly, parliamentary responsiveness to this dynamic is essential, particularly evident in the creation of regional laws (Qanun) in Aceh, designed to accommodate the evolving nature of customary law within local communities. This adaptability underscores customary law's status as a form of living law, reflective of community norms and practices. Finally, the judiciary plays a pivotal role in overseeing legal consciousness within communities, particularly in addressing legal issues stemming from customary practices. Judicial prudence emerges as a vital source of legal identity, guiding decision-making processes with an understanding of community values and norms.
Reviving the Role of Customary Law as a Legal Foundation in the Development of the Indonesian Legal System
Authors: Rahayu Iin
Published: August 2024

This research discusses the neglect of customary law as one of the sources of law in Indonesia, due to the perception that customary law is considered too traditional and unable to keep up with the times, such as globalization and technology. This research aims to explore areas of customary law that are still relevant in addressing the challenges faced by Indonesian society in the era of globalization, as well as to highlight the urgency of customary law as a foothold for national legal development policies. The research method used is descriptive analytical with a normative juridical approach. Data and information were obtained through interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches as well as cross-sectoral, then analyzed in depth in a normative juridical manner. The results showed that several aspects of customary law, such as inheritance law, customary rights, pawn, rent, and profit sharing, still have relevance and can be a source of inspiration in the formation of national law and act as a source of law in the process of legal discovery.
Conceptualizing Disruption: Political Science
Authors: Kneuer Marianne
Published: August 2024

The text explores the concepts of "disruption" and "transformation", proposing a typology to distinguish and clarify these terms. The objective is to understand and categorize the distinction of disruption and transformation by contrasting them with the categories of temporality, scope, character of change (classified by predictability, radicality and uncertainty), manageability and their outcome. The text argues that although disruption and transformation are different processes, they can be interrelated. Disruption can initiate transformation, but it is unlikely for transformation to result in disruption. The relationship between these processes appears to be predominantly unidirectional. It underscores the roles and relevance of actors in both processes, pointing to potential future research paths to further explore these dynamics.
Disruptionen/Störungen aus Sicht von IT-Security und Privacy
Authors: Rehms Sebastian , Köpsell Stefan
Published: August 2024

Eines der zentralen Spannungsfelder von IT-Sicherheit und insbesondere technischem Daten­schutz sind Störungen und deren Handhabung. Dies lässt sich vereinfachend auch wie folgt formulieren: „Das Ziel von IT-Sicherheit und Datenschutz ist das Vermeiden von Überraschungen“. Gäbe es keine Störungen, gäbe es diese Felder nicht. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden im Text drei Kategorien von Störungen und ihre Merkmale vorgestellt.
Crescendo como cidadão: a extensão universitária como caminho para a formação integral do aluno
Authors: Oliveira dos Santos Marcos Vinicius , Franzon Cruz do Espirito Santo Jéssica , Zaneti Kirilo Caique , De Oliveira Preto Vivian
Published: August 2024

A extensão universitária se configura como um pilar essencial na formação de cidadãos engajados e com visão crítica, pois abandona os muros da academia e permite conectar o conhecimento teórico à realidade social. Através da participação em projetos de extensão, o aluno é introduzido em uma experiência de aprendizado, onde teoria e prática se entrelaçam, promovendo o desenvolvimento de diversas habilidades essenciais para o sucesso profissional e pessoal. As empresas buscam profissionais engajados, criativos, proativos e com capacidade de trabalhar em equipe, características que são cultivadas e fortalecidas na vivência extensionista. A participação em projetos de extensão também pode abrir portas para oportunidades de estágio, trabalho e networking, impulsionando a carreira profissional do aluno. A extensão universitária representa uma excelente oportunidade para que o aluno se torne um agente de mudança, aprimorando suas habilidades interpessoais e técnicas, ampliando sua visão de mundo e se preparando para os desafios do mercado de trabalho. Trata-se de um verdadeiro instrumento de aprendizado que contribui para a formação de cidadãos completos, conscientes e comprometidos com a construção de um futuro melhor para a sociedade.
META ANALISIS PENGARUH METODE PROBLEM BASED LEARNING DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Istiawan Aziz Mahendra , Laila Alfi , Aka Kukuh Andri
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the PBL (Problem Based Learning) model in learning mathematics. The PBL (Problem Based Learning) model is a learning model that presents a variety of authentic and meaningful problems to students which serves as an investigation and investigation. The method used in this study is a meta-analysis method using a sample of five 2015-2020 national journal articles.
Professional training of future teachers in the provision pre-medical aid with basics of tactical medicine in educational institutions
Authors: Kotsur Nadiіa , Tovkun Lidiia
Published: August 2024

The research is relevant due to life, health and safety threats to children and adolescents during the Russian-Ukrainian war. It led an increase in the number of injuries requiring urgent medical care. First aid knowledge in tactical conditions is essential for teachers working in combat zones, occupied territories and territories under fire. Teachers are responsible for children’s safety at any time, in peace or war. The research was aimed at studying the theoretical and methodological aspects of training future teachers to provide pre-hospital medical care to children in educational institutions. Research methods: scientific medical and biological literature analysis showed a lack of foreign publications on the teacher training in providing pre-hospital care to children in educational institutions; scientific modelling helped to create models for training future teachers to apply knowledge and to process quantitative and qualitative empirical data analysis; questionnaires, pedagogical experiment and methods of mathematical statistics helped to determine the level of knowledge and practical skills in providing pre-hospital medical care among pedagogical specialities students of Hryhorii Skovoroda University in Pereiaslav. The discipline structure and content of “Pre-hospital medical training with the basics of tactical medicine” for pedagogical specialities is revealed. The discipline introduction has increased interest in its study and the expediency of mastering practical skills. Research among Hryhorii Skovoroda University in Pereiaslav students has shown the training effectiveness of future teachers in this area. The future teachers professional training in the martial law conditions in Ukraine requires knowledge and practical skills of providing pre-medical care to children in educational institutions. The discipline studying “Pre-hospital medical training with the basics of tactical medicine” develops competences in the tactical medicine basics, ability to diagnose and provide pre-hospital care. This will contribute that future teachers will work effectively and be ready to help children if necessary
Innovative teaching methods of tactical disciplines for students studying in the programme of training of reserve officers for air defence of the Army
Authors: Bestiuk Andrii
Published: August 2024

The study aimed to reveal modern methods of training reserve officers for air defence of the Army. The study analysed the current state of teaching tactical disciplines to students enrolled in the reserve officer training programme and the existing problems in the context of military education. The requirements for professional qualities, knowledge and skills of military personnel were described. The essence and importance of tactical disciplines are revealed. A study was conducted among 95 students of Ivan Kozhedub Kharkiv National Air Force University and the National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, which demonstrated the lack of innovative technologies in the educational process, as well as the need to develop practical skills of future military personnel using modern approaches. The study identified problems that students face during the educational process, in particular: fear of making mistakes (45% of respondents), lack of confidence in their knowledge and abilities (40% of respondents), and lack of practical skills (35% of respondents). The results of the study necessitated the development of new approaches to the training of military specialists and the improvement of existing curricula. The study proposed innovative methods of teaching tactical disciplines and provided recommendations for their introduction into the educational process. Among the proposed methods are: the creation of a simulation environment using augmented and virtual reality, air defence simulators, the use of artificial intelligence, and the creation of special training laboratories. The study suggested improving the skills of teachers to work more effectively with innovative technologies, regularly monitoring the effectiveness of innovations, and exchanging experience with international partners. The results obtained will improve the training of future military specialists, which may affect the effectiveness of countering armed aggression against Ukraine
Justification for the system of corrective measures to improve the physical condition of adolescent girls through health-enhancing recreational physical activity
Authors: Andrieieva Olena , Yerakova Liubov , Maksymenko Alina , Bozhenko-Kurylo Olha
Published: August 2024

Deviations from the body weight norm are becoming increasingly common among children. This is an urgent problem that limits the health level of a significant number of children, adolescents, and youth, which requires urgent intervention. The aim of the study was to create a system of corrective measures to improve the physical condition of underweight adolescent girls through health-enhancing recreational physical activity. To find out the peculiarities of designing a comprehensive programme of health-enhancing activities for underweight girls, an expert assessment was conducted, which included methodological features of developing programmes based on the use of health fitness and criteria for programme effectiveness. The involvement of experts in the study allowed to identify approaches that are appropriate to use for correcting physical conditions in 12-13-year-old underweight girls. It was found that the most effective approaches are regular physical exercise and changes in eating behaviour. The most effective means of improving physical condition, according to experts, are strength fitness, functional training, dance aerobics, and stretching. The results of the expert assessment showed that the system of corrective measures should include physical exercises, including health fitness, psychological correction, and motivational training. The methodological features and criteria for the effectiveness of the system of corrective measures were identified, and the experts’ opinions on these issues were consistent. The obtained data became the basis for building a programme of health-enhancing activities, the distinctive features of which are the consideration of the physical condition and physical activity of underweight girls. The developed programme should be implemented in practice as a part of extracurricular physical education activities, which will improve the physical development, fitness, and performance of secondary school girls
The Magnitude of Birth Injuries and its Associated Factors among Neonates Admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Units of Selected Public Hospitals of Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Amene Abebe Kerbo  , Baza Daniel , Mandefro Teme
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background: Approximately half of the birth injuries are avoidable if appropriate and timely evidence based measures are taken. However, there is a shortage of studies in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of birth injuries and associated factors among neonates in Southern Ethiopia.
Methods: Multi-center facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to April 2021. The systematic sampling method was used to select 344 mother-neonate pairs admitted to neonatal intensive care units in the included hospitals. Data were collected by face-to-face interview and review of medical records. Epi-info version 4.1 was used to enter data and SPSS version-25 for analysis. Descriptive statistics, binary and multivariable logistic regressions analyses with 95% CI were done. A P-value < 0.05 was used to declare the association of variables.
Results:  The magnitude of birth injuries in the present study was found to be 24.7% (95% CI=24.7% - 24.8%). The majority 71.6 % of the neonates had soft tissue injuries while 16.6 % of them had birth asphyxia. Both birth asphyxia and physical trauma were encountered in 2.9 % of the neonates. ANC follow–up by the health professionals less than four (AOR=0.31, 95% CI, 1.003-11.044), short maternal height (AOR=0.206 95% CI, 0.05 – 0.79), macrosomic baby (AOR= 0.46, 95% CI = 0.013 -0.16) and fetal mal-presentations (AOR=29.69, 95% CI =10.61 - 43.09) are significantly associated with birth injuries in the current study.
Conclusion: The magnitude of birth injuries was higher than other similar studies in Ethiopia. Antenatal care follow-up less than four, short maternal height, macrosomic baby, and fetal mal-presentations are significantly associated with birth injuries. Thus, promotion of full antenatal care follow-up, adequate maternal nutrition, close monitoring of mothers during intrapartum period and timely clinical decision of labor and childbirth process are recommended.
DEFENSE MECHANISM AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ITS TYPES
Authors: Sadıxova Lalə
Published: August 2024

The scientific article describes the psychological essence and analysis of the defense mechanism. It is noted that psychological defense is a special system of personal stability aimed at traumatic stimuli in order to protect mental health. The scientific article consistently identifies the types of defense mechanisms. Age differences occur because the various defense mechanisms used regularly are not the same. It turns out that boys and girls use different defense mechanisms with different frequencies.
PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF FORMATION OF IDEAL AND POLITICAL EDUCATION OF STUDENTS DURING EXTRA-CURRICULUM ACTIVITIES
Authors: Eminova Cənanə
Published: August 2024

The article reflects the issues of correctly determining the psychological basis for the formation of ideological and political education of students in extracurricular activities of universities. The article reflects the general system of psychological bases that serve to form the ideological and political education of students. The article puts forward scientific ideas related to hearing, perceiving, remembering the real truths about ideological and political education, filtering them through imagination and thinking and substantiating them in ideological and political content through speech. The article also provides information about the psychological properties of perception, such as stability, completeness, selectivity, objectivity, apperception (based on previous human experience), meaning.
Successful Removal of a Boiled Soybean Using Flexible Bronchoscopy
Authors: Kashizaki Fumihiro , Konishi Kenji , Matsumoto Sachiko , Tsuchiya Nanami , Osada Reeko , Miyasaka Atsushi , Kaneko Mai , Yumoto Kentaro , Koizumi Harumi , Takahashi Kenichi
Published: August 2024

Background: In developed countries, the number of patients experiencing aspiration for foreign bodies is increasing due to the aging population. Most cases are managed with flexible bronchoscopy; however, training is challenging for many bronchoscopists because of the limited number of available facilities and the few opportunities to perform the procedure. Case Presentation: An 87-year-old patient with a history of pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacteria was admitted to our hospital for bacterial pneumonia. The day after admission, the patient reported aspirating a boiled soybean during breakfast. A chest computed tomography revealed an oval shadow, approximately 10 mm in size, in the bronchus of the right lower lobe, suspected to be the aspirated soybean. Using a flexible bronchoscope, we successfully removed the boiled soybean with a brush, curettage, and basket forceps without complications. Conclusions: There is no standardized method for removing foreign bodies; the procedure should be adapted according to the type of foreign body, the site of obstruction, cost, and the medical resources available in the hospital.
PUBLIC SPACES: PUBLIC PEOPLE
Authors: Lister Anthony
Published: August 2024

City councils and the police villainise street art, convincing the community that it is dirty, unproductive, and antisocial. Street art is the opposite — it is visual and creative freedom. Uncommissioned public art is the true mark of a community that wishes to be involved with itself. Public spaces are built so that the people can use them. Thus, the legal system’s harsh prosecution of creativity lacks an understanding of the dynamics of contemporary society and is in need of a drastic revision.
WHY BLEND IN WHEN YOU WERE BORN TO STAND OUT: A STORY OF RAP, RELIGION, AND RIGHTS
Authors: The LION L-FRESH
Published: August 2024

This narrative explores the experiences of an Australian Hip Hop artist and the religious and cultural discrimination he has faced in the music industry. The narrative identifies some telling double standards experienced by Sikhs in Hip Hop, and reflects on the irony of oppression occurring in a musical genre founded on rejecting conformity and encouraging originality. Above all, this narrative speaks to the importance of recognising the humanity behind both our artistic and personal choices and urges readers to celebrate their individual creativity.
BEYOND THE WAR ON GRAFFITI: THE RIGHT TO VISUAL EXPRESSION IN URBAN SPACES
Authors: Crawley Karen
Published: August 2024

This article draws on the work of urban scholars, activists, graffiti writers and street artists to explore alternative ways of thinking about visual expression in urban space, with a particular focus on Brisbane, Australia. The article first explores the limitations of criminalisation, arguing that a zero-tolerance approach is counterproductive. Next, the author explores the costly policy of rapid removal, arguing that despite the law’s apparent commitment to upholding property rights, the authorities are ultimately more concerned with maintaining control over the visual appearance of public space. Part four argues that graffiti writers and street artists articulate a different relationship to the city based on being a citizen rather than a property owner. The article concludes by suggesting that harm minimisation is better policy than zero tolerance, and that we need to remain open to the possibilities of illegal visual expression in urban spaces.
The Centenary of the First Abolition of Capital Punishment in Queensland: A Study in Law and Human Dignity
Authors: Michael
Published: August 2024

On 1 August 1922, the Parliament of Queensland enacted a Bill to abolish capital punishment. This was the first jurisdiction in the common law world at that time to take that step. It afforded an example and a challenge to the global community. In this article, which derives from the author’s speech to a centenary celebration of the Queensland innovation, the author explains the background of reforms and modernisation of the criminal law and procedure that stimulated the reform. He explains the opposition to reform of many judges and other lawyers and the disappointing record of the High Court of Australia in capital punishment decisions. He also explains recent reforms that have been adopted in Papua New Guinea, Kazakhstan, Malaysia and elsewhere. He recounts earlier instances of partial reform in the United States and other countries, and he lists the continuing opposition to reform in Iran, Singapore, and Myanmar/Burma. Whilst such ‘hold outs’ remain, Australians must continue to advocate abolition. They can take encouragement and inspiration from the innovative reform achieved in Queensland a century ago.
Strategic Litigation and Racism in Healthcare
Authors: Newhouse George , Dozer Ariane , Janssen Isabel , MacGregor Nathalie
Published: August 2024

In Australia, until recently, the use of strategic litigation to achieve broad societal change has not been widely employed, due to historical, constitutional, social, and cultural factors; however, the landscape is changing. This article traces a ground-breaking Australian case, the Inquest into the death of Wiradjuri woman, Naomi Williams, which was run as part of a broader campaign to seek justice for First Nations people affected by racial bias in the healthcare system. The tragic circumstances of the case reignited a national conversation on health inequality through the judicial finding of ‘implicit racial bias’ and served as a platform for Aboriginal communities, organisations, and academics to demand new ways forward, notably by mandating culturally safe care — demands which are being slowly implemented. The authors demonstrate, through a detailed breakdown, how strategic litigation theory functions in practice, showing that litigation is most effective when conducted in conjunction with public advocacy within a multi-faceted campaign for change.
A SLOW-MOTION GENOCIDE: INDONESIAN RULE IN WEST PAPUA
Authors: Elmslie Dr Jim , Webb-Gannon Dr Camellia
Published: August 2024

This paper examines and extends the debate on genocide in West Papua. Referring to the 1948 United Nations Genocide Convention, examples of genocidal acts are listed: killings, causing serious bodily and mental harm, the deliberate infliction of conditions of life calculated to cause the destruction of a group, and the forcible removal of children to another group. Whereas previous examinations of the issue have failed to prove intent on the part of the Indonesian Government – a necessary pre-requisite under the Convention – this article finds that such intent exists. The authors show that West Papua has suffered a military occupation since 1962-63 under which the West Papuan people have been treated as the enemy by the Indonesian armed forces. Explicit and implicit government policy has been consistently directed towards countering and eliminating Papuan attempts to create an independent state for their nation or enjoy political freedom on a par with other Indonesians. In this tightly controlled situation genocidal acts have been undertaken as government policy, effectively thwarting the Papuan nationalists in the era when information emerging from the province(s) could be tightly controlled. In this internet age, however, this is no longer possible, as evidence of both genocidal acts and government ‘intent’ is emerging. This augurs poorly for Indonesia and the region as the little known, but deeply entrenched, conflict in West Papua seeps into global consciousness as a ‘slow-motion’ Pacific genocide.
WA'S 'ONE PUNCH' LAW: SOLUTION TO A COMPLEX SOCIAL PROBLEM OR EASY WAY OUT FOR PERPETRATORS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
Authors: Cullen Jane
Published: August 2024

This article examines Western Australia’s controversial “one-punch law” and questions whether it has achieved the purpose for which it was enacted. The one-punch law was created specifically to punish committers of fatal one-punch assaults. Therefore, its creators did not consider if and how it might apply in the punishment of recidivist domestic violence perpetrators. This article highlights the major shortcomings of Western Australia’s one-punch law through an examination of the separate cases of four Western Australian women who suffered enduring physical violence at the hand of their male partners, each meeting their death by that same hand.  The author questions the “one-punch law’s” place in the conviction and punishment of perpetrators of intimate partner homicides, especially when such killings are preceded by long-term abuse.
QUEENSLAND'S NEW LEGAL REALITY: FOUR WAYS IN WHICH WE ARE NO LONGER EQUAL UNDER THE LAW
Authors: Cappellano Anna
Published: August 2024

The Queensland Government recently amended and enacted legislation directed at criminalising membership in a number of motorcycle clubs. The impact of these new laws on civil liberties in Queensland is critically examined. This article explores the ways in which people may no longer be equal before the law at the discretion of the Queensland Government, including selective mandatory sentencing and exclusion from particular lawful occupations; the criminalisation of behaviours which would otherwise be unobjectionable; and how the amendments have potential for a far-reaching and damaging impact on people for whom the laws were not necessarily intended.
DENIAL BY DEFLECTION: THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ILLUSORY RIGHTS IN THE DENIAL OF FIRST NATION SOVEREIGNTIES
Authors: Griffiths Susan
Published: August 2024

Forty-two years have passed since the establishment of the Aboriginal Tent Embassy in Canberra and 22 years since Mabo declared terra nullius a fiction, removing legitimate basis for Crown sovereignty. However, recognition of First Nation sovereignties remains unrealised. This article suggests that formal rights have proven mixed and illusory, allowing governments to avoid recognition of First Nations’ sovereignties and rights to self-determination. The absence of First Nations sovereignties continues to disadvantage and rob Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people of the capacity to negotiate a just future. Policy has failed and will continue to fail unless First Nations Peoples have the sovereign rights necessary for self-government, effecting change, and accessing resources that are rightfully theirs.
THE PRESIDENT'S TWO BODIES: UHURU KENYATTA AT THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT
Authors: Bikundo Edwin
Published: August 2024

The medieval distinction between the official and the personal bodies of the state sovereign was recently played out before the International Criminal Court. This scenario involved the President of the Republic of Kenya willingly submitting to the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court in his personal capacity and not as president. Essentially this argument is based on the medieval doctrine of the ‘King’s two bodies’. The distinction of describing two bodies united in one, sits at the cross roads of legal theory and political theology. Seeing the ancient doctrine of the King’s two bodies manifested in a contemporary context provides the opportunity to observe a longstanding legal theory applied to a novel factual situation. It demonstrates that this legal fiction remains stubbornly useful and effective in navigating between political imperatives and legal strictures.
THE ISSUE OF MEDICINAL CANNABIS IN CONTEMPORARY AUSTRALIA
Authors: Vivenne L Moxham-Hall & Alex D Wodak Laurence E Mather, Evert  R Rauwendaal,
Published: August 2024

The primary aim of this paper is to enhance the quality of debate and assist interested parties to consider relevant contemporary issues concerning the reintroduction into Australia of cannabis for medicinal purposes: it thereby builds on our previous work in which we outlined the medical case.1 A secondary aim is to discuss some of the major areas where strong differences in opinion may currently be obstructing efforts to reform cannabis laws in Australia. It will be clear to the reader that the authors favour the case for legalising the use of cannabis for medicinal purposes by regulation and control, analogous to the means used for other clinically-useful drugs open to non-therapeutic uses.
The Issue of Driving While a Relevant Drug, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, Was Present in Saliva: Evidence About the Evidence
Authors: Mather Laurence
Published: August 2024

With the lawful use of medicinal cannabis becoming a closer reality across most of Australia, the matter of roadside testing and driving impairment will be of immediate concern to patients undergoing cannabinoid pharmacotherapy. Under current roadside testing laws, the same issues will pertain to the medical patient, who wishes or needs to drive, as to the ‘recreational’ cannabis user. While there is abundant public domain, scientific and medical literature, as well as published expert opinion, exploring the epidemiological, chemical and pharmacological research evidence of cannabis ingestion and driving, this paper analyses the evidence from roadside testing that is being used to support the notion that a driver may be ‘impaired’ or ‘driving under the influence’ of cannabis. By and large, the evidence undeniably shows that cannabis ingestion can impair driving. This paper however, comes to the pharmacological opinion that the current roadside testing of saliva/oral fluid for Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), without other evidence, provides a poor predictor of impairment. This paper thus intends to stimulate re-evaluation of the present pharmacological criteria under which users of cannabis might be judged legally.
First Do Harm: How Intersex Kids Are Hurt by those Who Have Taken the Hippocratic Oath
Authors: Pagonis Pidgeon
Published: August 2024

Pidgeon Pagonis is intersex, meaning that similar to one in 2000 people, they were born with sex characteristics not easily categorised as either male or female. This article critiques the Concealed Non-Consensual Surgery model (‘CNCS’) that dominates intersex treatment via illuminating discrepancies between the model, which Pagonis and others have endured, and the Hippocratic Oath. Instead of the current CNCS model, which has caused harm to so many, Pagonis offers alternatives that centre on psychologists and support groups, instead of unnecessary surgeries.
Teaching Against the Grain: A Conversation between the Editors of the Griffith Journal of Law & Human Dignity and Peter McLaren on the Importance of Critical Pedagogy in Law School
Authors: McLaren Peter
Published: August 2024

This article is a dialogue between the Editors of the Griffith Journal of Law & Human Dignity and leading scholar Peter McLaren, speaking to the importance of critical pedagogy within education and law. This conversation was not subject to peer review.
Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (or Exclusion) in Sport: A Review of the Caster Semenya Case
Authors: Greenhow Annette , Weinert Kim
Published: August 2024

The right to participate in sport, regardless of race, gender, or other defining characteristics is enshrined in various international arrangements. Ratification of these instruments by nation states is located in the development of policies and initiatives which embrace and promote a ‘sport for all’ ethos — where principles of diversity, equity and inclusion are advanced and promoted. International sport federations and world governing sporting authorities are expected to develop policies and regulations as guardians and custodians of the sport to advance this ethos. The parameters of the participatory right to sport have recently been questioned following the arbitral award by the Court of Arbitration (‘CAS’) involving Caster Semenya and the International Association of Athletics Federations (‘IAAF’). This article briefly critiques the Semenya decision using Dworkin’s rights theory and contributes to the literature by framing the analysis of decision-making vis a vis an intersex person’s right to sport as one that involves measuring individual rights against utilitarian preferences. It posits the question as to whether it is time to review the wider social context and human rights considerations in sport-related disputes and whether the private arbitral framework of the CAS is the appropriate forum in such cases.
'Divorce with dignity' as a justification for publication restrictions on proceedings under the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) in an era of litigant self-publication
Authors: Dimopoulos Georgina
Published: August 2024

Upon its enactment, the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) closed the Family Court of Australia to the general public and imposed a total prohibition on the publication of proceedings. Such privacy protection, together with the advent of ‘no-fault’ divorce, were intended to serve the objective of ‘divorce with dignity’, by ridding divorce of its stigma which had made it a public spectacle and prime media fodder. In their current form, the publication restrictions imposed by section 121 of the Family Law Act prohibit the publication or dissemination of identifying details of family law proceedings. Adopting a personhood account of privacy, this paper asks whether the privacy protection embodied by section 121 remains justifiable in terms of human dignity, in light of the phenomenon of litigants self-publishing details of their family law litigation on digital and social media platforms. It explains how online self-publication by litigants may violate privacy and be an affront to dignity, and argues that, notwithstanding the privacy paradox, section 121 can still be justified by ‘divorce with dignity’ to which the Family Law Act aspired.
Dignity and the Future of Family Law
Authors: Paton Micheil , Tapley Phoebe
Published: August 2024

This paper reviews the approach taken by the Australian Law Reform Commission in its recent family law inquiry and explores whether explicitly incorporating considerations of human dignity may have added value to the process. The paper notes a variety of references to 'dignity' by inquiry stakeholders and the Commission itself, and examines the extent to which selected recommendations arguably sought to promote human dignity. It focuses on recommendations which sought to protect vulnerable parties from harm, enhance families' experiences of court proceedings, and protect their privacy. The paper concludes that explicitly incorporating principles of human dignity may have added value in a number of ways.
ORPHANAGE TRAFFICKING, MODERN SLAVERY AND THE AUSTRALIAN RESPONSE
Authors: Van Doore Kate , Nhep Rebecca
Published: August 2024

Orphanage trafficking is fast becoming a highly profiled form of child trafficking involving the transfer and recruitment of children into orphanages or institutional care for the purpose of exploitation and profit. In 2018, the Australian government stated that they were leading the world in recognising orphanage trafficking as a form of modern slavery under the newly enacted Modern Slavery Act 2018 (Cth). This article describes how orphanage trafficking occurs as a process of child trafficking. It then clarifies that whilst orphanage trafficking is a form of modern slavery, orphanage tourism and child institutionalisation are not. The article then considers Australia’s recognition of orphanage trafficking as modern slavery, and the limits of that recognition. To maintain the growing momentum on curbing orphanage trafficking, the article argues that Australia needs to ensure that ensure that orphanage trafficking is criminalised as an offence. The article makes two alternative recommendations to achieve this. The first is to amend the elements of the current legislation on trafficking in Australia to ensure that orphanage trafficking is encapsulated. The second is for the Australian government to explicitly criminalise the offence of orphanage trafficking.
Making the Invisible Visible Again: Pathways for Legal Recognition of Sex and Gender Diversity in Australian Law
Authors: Moulds Sarah
Published: August 2024

People that identify as gender diverse or who are born with non-binary sex characteristics have traditionally been excluded from the law, lawfully discriminated against, or been made invisible by the law.  In recent years, this has begun to shift as law reform bodies in Australian explore pathways for providing legal recognition of sex and gender diversity within our community.  This article explores the legislative reforms that have taken place in this area in recent years, which has resulted in significant changes to State and Territory laws regulating the way sex and gender is recorded and altered on Birth Deaths and Marriages Registers, with important consequences for the way sex and gender is legally recognised in those jurisdictions. The article then explores the extent to which the new provisions align with the self-identification model of reform and whether these new forms of legal recognition have translated into meaningful legal protection for sex or gender diverse people in Australia. The article concludes that, despite the significant positive steps forward achieved by legislative reforms in this area, there are still many gaps when it comes to the protection and promotion of the rights of non-binary or gender diverse individuals.
The Inner Circle of the Winner's Circle: Exclusionary Treatment of Transgender and Gender Diverse Athletes in Elite Sports
Authors: Burbery Rose
Published: August 2024

Transgender and gender diverse athletes’ participation in elite sports has been a controversial topic of debate in mainstream media following several high-profile cases. Testosterone testing for female athletes can be discriminatory and exclusionary, particularly for transgender and gender diverse athletes, and is an area of ambiguity given the lack of consensus internationally on accepted testosterone levels for female athletes. This article intends to examine this issue from a social and theoretical perspective and use this to analyse the relevant Australian legislation governing the issue. An examination of the cases of Caster Semenya, Hannan Mouncey and Laurel Hubbard will be used to demonstrate the current attitude towards transgender and gender-diverse athletes in elite sports, and of the use of queer and gender theories will aid in analysis of the law and policy on gender diversity in elite sports in Australia.