bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thiophene Cation Intercalation to Improve Band‐Edge Integrity in Reduced‐Dimensional Perovskites
Authors: Ni Chuyi , Huang Yahao , Zeng Tao , Chen Daohong , Chen Hao , Wei Mingyang , Johnston Andrew , Proppe Andrew H. , Ning Zhijun , Sargent Edward H. , Hu Peng , Yang Zhenyu
Published: May 2020

The insertion of large organic cations in metal halide perovskites with reduced‐dimensional (RD) crystal structures increases crystal formation energy and regulates the growth orientation of the inorganic domains. However, the power conversion performance is curtailed by the insulating nature of the bulky cations. Now a series of RD perovskites with 2‐thiophenmethylammonium (TMA) as the intercalating cation are investigated. Compared with traditional ligands, TMA demonstrates improved electron transfer in the inorganic framework. TMA modifies the near‐band‐edge integrity of the RD perovskite, improving hole transport. A power conversion efficiency of 19 % is achieved, the highest to date for TMA‐based RD perovskite photovoltaics; these TMA devices provide a 12 % relative increase in PCE compared to control RD perovskite devices that use PEA as the intercalating ligand, a result of the improved charge transfer from the inorganic layer to the organic ligands.
Room‐Temperature Ferroelectric Material Composed of a Two‐Dimensional Metal Halide Double Perovskite for X‐ray Detection
Authors: Guo Wuqian , Liu Xitao , Han Shiguo , Liu Yi , Xu Zhiyun , Hong Maochun , Luo Junhua , Sun Zhihua
Published: May 2020

Although two‐dimensional (2D) metal–halide double perovskites display versatile physical properties due to their huge structural compatibility, room‐temperature ferroelectric behavior has not yet been reported for this fascinating family. Here, we designed a room‐temperature ferroelectric material composed of 2D halide double perovskites, (chloropropylammonium)4AgBiBr8, using an organic asymmetric dipolar ligand. It exhibits concrete ferroelectricity, including a Curie temperature of 305 K and a notable spontaneous polarization of ≈3.2 μC cm−2, triggered by dynamic ordering of the organic cation and the tilting motion of heterometallic AgBr6/BiBr6 octahedra. Besides, the alternating array of inorganic perovskite sheets and organic cations endows large mobility‐lifetime product (μτ=1.0×10−3 cm2 V−1) for detecting X‐ray photons, which is almost tenfold higher than that of CH3NH3PbI3 wafers. As far as we know, this is the first study on an X‐ray‐sensitive ferroelectric material composed of 2D halide double perovskites. Our findings afford a promising platform for exploring new ferroelectric materials toward further device applications.
Chemical components analysis of Toona sinensis bark and wood by pyrolisis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Yang Yafeng , Ma Yongtao , Yang Shuhong , Yue Xiaochen , Peng Wanxi
Published: May 2020

The production of energy from wood biomass is as old as humanity itself. There has been enormous progress in research of sustainable pyrolysis processes for optimal energy conversion in the past 30 years. Pyrolisis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (PY‐GC‐MS) was used to examine the components of bark and wood of Toona sinensis for expanding high value utilization different parts of trees. In the study, 174 chemical constituents were identified in the bark; 169 chemical constituents were identified in the wood, respectively. The chemical composition of bark is different from that of wood. The change in thermal cracking 30 min ago is not very large. In the retention time is more than 30 min, they are very different. Because the ash content of bark had much large corresponding wood. Mainly the phenols and their derivatives formed after the pyrolysis of lignin and extractives. The chemical composition of T. sinensis provides a scientific basis for the development and utilization of the plant. The richer chemical constituents of T. sinensis are found, which will provide new scientific evidence for further development and utilization of bark and wood of T. sinensis.
Attenuation properties of epoxy‐Ta2O5 and epoxy‐Ta2O5‐Bi2O3 composites at γ‐ray energies 59.54 and 662 keV
Authors: Muthamma Muddiyada Vishnu , Bubbly Shivappa Gudennavar , Gudennavar Shivappa Bharamappa
Published: May 2020

Epoxy resin filled with suitable high Z elements can be a potential shield for X‐rays and γ‐rays. In this work, we present the γ‐ray attenuation properties of epoxy composites filled with (0–30 wt%) Tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) and Ta2O5‐Bi2O3, which were prepared by open mold cast technique. X‐ray diffraction patterns showed crystalline peaks of Ta2O5 and bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) in the prepared epoxy‐Ta2O5 and epoxy‐Ta2O5‐Bi2O3 composites. Homogeneity of the samples at higher filler wt% was revealed by SEM images. Mechanical characterization showed the enhanced mechanical strength of epoxy‐Ta2O5‐Bi2O3 composites compared to epoxy‐Ta2O5. Higher storage modulus and glass transition temperature of the epoxy‐Ta2O5‐Bi2O3 composites showed enhanced stiffness and thermal stability when compared to neat and epoxy‐Ta2O5. Decrease in the value of tan(δ) at higher content of filler loadings indicated the good adhesion between filler and matrix. Mass attenuation coefficients of epoxy‐Ta2O5 (30 wt%) composites at γ‐ray energies 59.54 and 662 keV were found to be 0.876 cm2 g–1 and 0.084 cm2 g–1, while that of epoxy‐Ta2O5‐Bi2O3 (30 wt% Bi2O3) composite were 1.271 cm2 g–1 and 0.088 cm2 g–1, respectively. The epoxy‐5% Ta2O5‐30% Bi2O3 composites with higher μ/ρ value and tensile strength may be a potential γ‐ray shield in various radiation environments.
From sumud to intifada: Supporting non‐violent action to enhance mental health
Authors: Harrold David
Published: May 2020

Background

The siege of Gaza provides a challenge for mental health workers across the world in terms of how to respond to the forces that create the mental health problems caused by it. Inside Gaza, there are responses to the siege that have therapeutic purposes and outcomes. These need to be understood.They also set up the issue of active solidarity.

Aims

To provide a background to the mental health crisis in Gaza and to examine some of the psychosocial methods being used to help alleviate symptoms of PTSD.

Materials and Methods

This is a survey of methods used by Palestine Trauma Centre in Gaza between 2011 and 2018.

Results

Statistics are contained not in this report but in the referenced report by Dr Mohamed Altawil.

Discussion

The article discusses the importance of action or activity in the therapeutic process and how actions directed at changing environmental circumstances can enhance personal wellbeing.

Conclusion

It is to be hoped that mental health workers outside Gaza can find some way of showing solidarity with those trying to be resilient under siege and actively support mental health workers inside Gaza.
A mind–body intervention for stress reduction as an adjunct to an information session on stress management in university students
Authors: Cozzolino Mauro , Girelli Laura , Vivo Deborah R. , Limone Pierpaolo , Celia Giovanna
Published: May 2020

Introduction

This study describes the implementation of a mind–body intervention to reduce the perceived level of stress in a nonclinical group of university students. We used a novel approach including a single session of a mind–body technique known as the brain wave modulation (BWM) as an adjunct to a single information session on stress management.

Methods

Three hundred and six students participated in the study. A quasi‐experimental design was adopted: Students in the experimental group were exposed to an information session on stress management followed by a single session of the BWM, while the other students were exposed to the information session alone.

Results

A 2 × 2 mixed factor analysis of variance demonstrated that the single session of the BWM was effective in reducing the perceived level of stress in the experimental group as compared to the control group.

Conclusion

The BWM is a very easy‐to‐learn technique that presents certain advantages over traditional mind–body methods.
Analysis of adaptive e‐learning systems with adjustment of Felder‐Silverman model in a Moodle DLS
Authors: Zlatkovic Dragan , Denic Nebojsa , Petrovic Milena , Ilic Milos , Khorami Majid , Safa Amin , Wakil Karzan , Petković Dalibor , Vujičić Slađana
Published: May 2020

E‐learning, as a complex system, includes distance learning, teaching materials in various forms and shapes, group and individual learning processes, as well as interactive and tutorial work. To increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the e‐learning system, it is necessary first of all to consider the characteristics of students and their learning styles. Based on the data collected in various ways, in surveys, using the distance learning dystem (DLS) Moodle, based on the subjective assessment of the subject teachers, as well as based on data from the business information system, the student preferences are determined. Then, based on these data, an adaptation is made, a process that adapts the work of the DLS based on student knowledge. The primary goals that can be achieved through the adjustment of the e‐learning system are to improve the design and usefulness of the course, help with finding information on the course, more efficient searching and placement of search results in the context of students' interest, as well as increasing students' loyalty to a higher education institution.
RETRACTED: PAK5 facilitates the proliferation, invasion and migration in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Huang Silin , Zhu Ying , Wang Chunfei , Li Xiaxi , Cui Xiaobing , Tu Sufang , You Lijuan , Fu JingWen , Chen Zemin , Hu Wei , Gong Wei
Published: May 2020

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third‐most common cancer around the world, accounting for approximately 10% of cancer‐related mortality. Deeper molecular understanding of colorectal carcinogenesis will provide evidences for identification of early diagnostic indicators and novel therapeutic strategies for CRC treatment. The p21cdc42/rac1‐activated kinase 5 (PAK5) has been reported to be involved in a variety of tumor‐promoting behaviors, whereas the underlying mechanisms of PAK5 in CRC progression are still obscure. Our current study revealed an upregulated expression of PAK5 in human CRC tissues as compared with normal adjacent biopsies, which was associated with tumor progression and metastasis. We further unraveled that inhibition of PAK5 was correlated with restrained proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we showed an indispensable role of PAK5 in interacting with Cdc42 and Integrin β1, β3, thus, to facilitate the migration and invasion of CRC cells. Collectively, we pointed out a potential of PAK5 to serve as a novel therapeutic target in restricting CRC proliferation and metastasis. The uncovered mechanisms will deepen the comprehension with regard to the mechanisms of CRC progression, as well as providing new insights for therapeutic intervention in colorectal cancer.
Clinical outcomes of double stent strategy for unprotected left main distal bifurcation lesions using current generation drug eluting stent comparing to early generation drug eluting stent; The Milan and New Tokyo (MITO) registry
Authors: Watanabe Yusuke , Mitomo Satoru , Naganuma Toru , Kawamoto Hiroyoshi , Takagi Kensuke , Chieffo Alaide , Carlino Mauro , Montorfano Matteo , Nakamura Sunao , Colombo Antonio
Published: May 2020

Background

There are only little data available on the comparison of clinical outcomes between a early generation drug eluting stent (eDES) and a current generation drug eluting stent (cDES) for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with double stent strategy (DSS) for unprotected distal left main disease (ULMD).

Methods

Between April 2005 and December 2015, we recruited 452 consecutive ULMD patients treated with DSS (eDES, 236 patients; cDES, 216 patients). In this study, eDES included Cipher, Taxus, and Endeavor and cDES included Ultimaster, Resolute family, Xience family, Promus family, Synergy, and Nobori. The primary endpoint was target lesion failure (TLF) defined as a composite of cardiac death, target lesion revascularization (TLR) and myocardial infarction (MI) during the median follow‐up period of 1,809(IQR: 1,190–2,510) days.

Results

In entire population, the rate of overall TLR was significantly lower in cDES group than that in eDES group (adjusted HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.40–0.96, p = .032). The rate of TLR for the ostium of LCX was significantly lower in cDES group than that in eDES group (adjusted HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.39–0.99, p = .047). Cardiac mortality, the rate of TLR for LM‐LAD, MI and definite/probable ST did not significantly differ between both groups. The results were preserved in the propensity adjusted population.

Conclusions

cDES significantly improved the clinical outcomes in population treated with DSS mainly driven by the reduction of TLR for the ostium of LCX.
Follow‐up strategies and individual risk profile after percutaneous coronary intervention: The prospective post percutaneous coronary intervention registry
Authors: Ferlini Marco , Musumeci Giuseppe , Grieco Niccolò , Trabattoni Daniela , Castiglioni Battistina , Lettieri Corrado , Klersy Catherine , Tarantini Giuseppe , Oltrona Visconti Luigi , Rossini Roberta
Published: May 2020

Background

A multidisciplinary consensus document (MCD) provided a follow‐up strategy after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) based on individual risk profiles: A, high; B, intermediate; and C, low.

Aim

To assess patterns of follow‐up after PCI and to evaluate the potential reduction of cardiologic examinations with the application of the MCD.

Methods

The post‐PCI registry was carried out at 31 Italian Hospitals and included consecutive patients undergoing PCI. We collected cardiologic consults (CC), noninvasive stress tests (ST), and echocardiograms (EC) actually performed at 12 months and we compared them with the expected by the MCD.

Results

We included 1,113 patients (58% with acute coronary syndrome) that underwent 1,567 CC, 398 ST, and 612 EC. The performed CC and ST were significantly lower compared to the expected, respectively [1.6 (95% CI, 1.5–1.7) vs. 1.9 (95% CI, 1.8–2.0), and 0.40 (95% CI, 0.4–0.5) vs. 0.61 (95% CI, 0.6–0.7), p < .001]; the performed EC were significantly higher [0.6 (95% CI, 0.6–0.7) vs. 0.3 (95% CI, 0.3–0.37), p < .001]. Patients at moderate low risk had an excess of noninvasive tests whereas patients at higher risk received less examinations than the expected.

The individual risk profile was an independent predictor of increased number of cardiac examination in patients at intermediate and low risk [profile B, OR 2.56 (95%CI 1.38–4.75); profile C, OR 27.00 (95%CI 8.13–89.62), p < .001].

Conclusion

In real world patients undergoing PCI, the intensity of follow‐up at 12 months appeared not based on individual risk profile, with a higher numbers of examinations, particularly EC, performed in low risk subjects.
Biohydrogen Production via Dark Fermentation with Pig Manure and Glucose Using pH‐Dependent Feeding
Authors: Weide Tobias , Hernández Regalado Roberto Eloy , Brügging Elmar , Wichern Marc , Wetter Christof
Published: May 2020

Process controls for mesophilic dark fermentation using a pH‐dependent feeding strategy without NaOH addition were examined. One reactor utilizing microorganism holdback and two continuously stirred‐tank reactors (CSTRs) with the same volume were employed. These were fed with pig manure and glucose as cosubstrates. Different hydraulic retention times were applied. The target pH was 5.5 within a limited range and controlled by varying organic loading rate. When the pH target interval was exceeded, the hydrogen production rate (HPR) decreased, and CH4 was produced. A pH below the target interval had positive effects on the HPR.
Activated Carbon by Potassium Carbonate Activation from Pine Sawdust (Pinusmontezumae Lamb.)
Authors: Márquez-Montesino Francisco , Torres-Figueredo Neil , Lemus-Santana Adela , Trejo Fernando
Published: May 2020

Activated carbon (AC) was gained from Pinus montezumae (PM) wood sawdust and chemical activation with K2CO3 was used for obtaining activated carbons. Variations in reaction conditions such as temperature, impregnation ratio (IR), and activation time were carried out to study their influence on the specific surface area (SSA) and average pore volume (APV) in AC. Materials were analyzed by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) to determine the functional groups, pore structure, and morphology of pine sawdust and activated carbons. Activated carbons were amorphous in nature with some crystalline regions.
Novel chiral stationary phases based on 3,5‐dimethyl phenylcarbamoylated β‐cyclodextrin combining cinchona alkaloid moiety
Authors: Zhu Lunan , Zhu Junchen , Sun Xiaotong , Wu Yaling , Wang Huiying , Cheng Lingping , Shen Jiawei , Ke Yanxiong
Published: May 2020

Novel chiral selectors based on 3,5‐dimethyl phenylcarbamoylated β‐cyclodextrin connecting quinine (QN) or quinidine (QD) moiety were synthesized and immobilized on silica gel. Their chromatographic performances were investigated by comparing to the 3,5‐dimethyl phenylcarbamoylated β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) chiral stationary phase (CSP) and 9‐O‐(tert‐butylcarbamoyl)‐QN‐based CSP (QN‐AX). Fmoc‐protected amino acids, chiral drug cloprostenol (which has been successfully employed in veterinary medicine), and neutral chiral analytes were evaluated on CSPs, and the results showed that the novel CSPs characterized as both enantioseparation capabilities of CD‐based CSP and QN/QD‐based CSPs have broader application range than β‐CD‐based CSP or QN/QD‐based CSPs. It was found that QN/QD moieties play a dominant role in the overall enantioseparation process of Fmoc‐amino acids accompanied by the synergistic effect of β‐CD moiety, which lead to the different enantioseparation of β‐CD‐QN‐based CSP and β‐CD‐QD‐based CSP. Furthermore, new CSPs retain extraordinary enantioseparation of cyclodextrin‐based CSP for some neutral analytes on normal phase and even exhibit better enantioseparation than the corresponding β‐CD‐based CSP for certain samples.
Catalytic activity of Ni‐Co supported metals in carbon dioxides methanation
Authors: Frontera Patrizia , Malara Angela , Modafferi Vincenza , Antonucci Vincenzo , Antonucci Pierluigi , Macario Anastasia
Published: May 2020

This work deals with the catalytic performance of nickel‐cobalt supported on ceria‐doped gadolinia (GDC) catalyst in the single and in the simultaneous methanation of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The catalysts have been prepared by impregnation method, starting from metal salts precursors. Samples have been characterized by x‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA‐DSC), hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (TPR‐H2), transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDX) technique. The temperature examined for methanation tests ranged from 200°C‐600°C. The results show that the prepared and optimized catalysts possess the main characteristics of materials suitable for SOECs (solid oxide electrolyzer cells) applications: high metal content (50% wt/wt with respect to the support), high activity, and high stability. The catalytic performance of bimetallic catalysts highlights that the cobalt does not improve the activity of the nickel catalysts.
Intertwined Detection and Recognition Roles of Tetrazine in Synergistic Anion‐π and H‐bond Based Anion Receptor
Authors: Plais Romain , Gouarin Guy , Gaucher Anne , Haldys Violette , Brosseau Arnaud , Clavier Gilles , Salpin Jean‐Yves , Prim Damien
Published: May 2020

The intrinsic properties of tetrazine as a π‐anion receptor and as an on/off recognition probe merged with H‐bond ability of an urea motif into a single architecture constitutes a new generation of well‐defined anion receptors. Complexation properties directly benefit from the dual and synergistic contribution of tetrazine and urea. In this study, we report on the synthesis and assessment of binding properties to anions of diverse geometries. Association constants have been predicted by theoretical calculations and evaluated by multiple and complementary experimental techniques including electrospray‐mass tandem spectroscopy, NMR, UV‐visible, steady state fluorescence spectroscopies and time resolved fluorescence. These results provide the basis for a better understanding of both the complexation and the anion‐dependent quenching mechanism.
Strong Light–Matter Interactions in Au Plasmonic Nanoantennas Coupled with Prussian Blue Catalyst on BiVO4 for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Ghobadi T. Gamze Ulusoy , Ghobadi Amir , Soydan Mahmut Can , Vishlaghi Mahsa Barzgar , Kaya Sarp , Karadas Ferdi , Ozbay Ekmel
Published: May 2020

Invited for this month′s cover is the group of Ferdi Karadas and Ekmel Ozbay at Bilkent University. The image proposes a hybrid architecture, in which the semiconductor photoactive host is coupled to a plasmonic particle and a catalyst, to significantly substantiate the photoactivity of the cell. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202000294.
Cognitive‐behavioral therapy in the time of coronavirus: Clinician tips for working with eating disorders via telehealth when face‐to‐face meetings are not possible
Authors: Waller Glenn , Pugh Matthew , Mulkens Sandra , Moore Elana , Mountford Victoria A. , Carter Jacqueline , Wicksteed Amy , Maharaj Aryel , Wade Tracey D. , Wisniewski Lucene , Farrell Nicholas R. , Raykos Bronwyn , Jorgensen Susanne , Evans Jane , Thomas Jennifer J. , Osenk Ivana , Paddock Carolyn , Bohrer Brittany , Anderson Kristen , Turner Hannah , Hildebrandt Tom , Xanidis Nikos , Smit Vera
Published: May 2020

Objective

The coronavirus pandemic has led to a dramatically different way of working for many therapists working with eating disorders, where telehealth has suddenly become the norm. However, many clinicians feel ill equipped to deliver therapy via telehealth, while adhering to evidence‐based interventions. This article draws together clinician experiences of the issues that should be attended to, and how to address them within a telehealth framework.

Method

Seventy clinical colleagues of the authors were emailed and invited to share their concerns online about how to deliver cognitive‐behavioral therapy for eating disorders (CBT‐ED) via telehealth, and how to adapt clinical practice to deal with the problems that they and others had encountered. After 96 hr, all the suggestions that had been shared by 22 clinicians were collated to provide timely advice for other clinicians.

Results

A range of themes emerged from the online discussion. A large proportion were general clinical and practical domains (patient and therapist concerns about telehealth; technical issues in implementing telehealth; changes in the environment), but there were also specific considerations and clinical recommendations about the delivery of CBT‐ED methods.

Discussion

Through interaction and sharing of ideas, clinicians across the world produced a substantial number of recommendations about how to use telehealth to work with people with eating disorders while remaining on track with evidence‐based practice. These are shared to assist clinicians over the period of changed practice.
Stuck on pain? Assessing children’s vigilance and awareness of pain sensations
Authors: Heathcote Lauren C. , Simons Laura E.
Published: May 2020

Background

Attending towards pain is proposed as a key mechanism influencing the experience and chronification of pain. Persistent attention towards pain is proposed to drive poor outcomes in both adults and children with chronic pain. However, there are no validated self‐report measures of pain‐related attention for children.

Methods

The goals of this study were to adapt the Pain Vigilance and Awareness Questionnaire (PVAQ) for use in a child sample, to preliminary examine its psychometric properties, and to assess its utility over and above a measure of general attentional capacities. We adapted the language of the PVAQ to be more easily understood by children as young as 8 years. In a sample of 160 children (8–18 years) with chronic pain, we examined the factor structure, internal consistency and criterion validity of the PVAQ‐C.

Results

The PVAQ‐C demonstrated excellent internal consistency (α = 0.92) and moderate‐to‐strong criterion validity. A one‐factor structure best fit the data. Children who reported greater attention to pain also reported greater pain catastrophizing, fear of pain, avoidance of activities and poorer physical functioning. Pain‐related attention remained a significant predictor of functioning while controlling for demographics, catastrophizing and fear‐avoidance. Pain‐related attention also significantly predicted child outcomes independent of the child's general attention control capacities, indicating added value of a pain‐specific measure of attention.

Conclusions

The PVAQ‐C shows strong indices of internal reliability and criterion validity, and indicates unique predictive utility. It will be important to study the role of pain‐related attention in youth within developmental and functional–motivational frameworks.

Significance

Pain‐related attention is proposed as a key factor influencing fear‐avoidance outcomes in both adults and youth with chronic pain, yet no self‐report measures of pain‐related attention have been validated for children. This paper presents a child version of the Pain Vigilance and Awareness Questionnaire (PVAQ‐C), which indicates strong internal consistency, criterion validity and unique predictive validity, and provides evidence to support the Fear‐Avoidance Model in youth with chronic pain.
Throughput enhancement of cognitive radio networks‐nonorthogonal multiple access with energy harvesting and adaptive transmit power
Authors: Alhamad Raed , Boujemaa Hatem
Published: May 2020

In this article, we derive the theoretical throughput of cognitive radio networks using nonorthogonal multiple access with energy harvesting nodes. We also optimize both power allocation coefficients and harvesting duration to maximize the throughput. In the primary network, there are a primary source and a primary destination. The secondary network contains a secondary source,KrelaysRk, andNnonorthogonal multiple access usersDi. Secondary source and relays harvest energy from radio frequency signals received from nodeA. Secondary nodes adapt their powers to generate low interference at primary destination. We also suggest two strategies for user classification using average or instantaneous channel gains while taking into account the interference from primary source. We show that users' ranking using instantaneous channel gains offers the largest throughput. In addition, the suggested optimal power allocation and optimal harvesting duration allow to increase the throughput. Our theoretical derivations are also compared with computer simulations performed in the presence of Rayleigh fadingchannels.
Advanced head and neck surgery training during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Givi Babak , Moore Michael G. , Bewley Arnaud F. , Coffey Charles S. , Cohen Marc A. , Hessel Amy C. , Jalisi Scharukh , Kang Steven , Newman Jason G. , Puscas Liana , Shindo Maisie , Shuman Andrew , Thakkar Punam , Weed Donald T. , Chalian Ara
Published: May 2020

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic has significantly impacted medical training. Here we assess its effect on head and neck surgical education.

Methods

Surveys were sent to current accredited program directors and trainees to assess the impact of COVID‐19 on the fellow's experience and employment search. Current fellows' operative logs were compared with those of the 2018 to 2019 graduates.

Results

Despite reduction in operative volume, 82% of current American Head and Neck Society fellows have reached the number of major surgical operations to support certification. When surveyed, 86% of program directors deemed their fellow ready to enter practice. The majority of fellows felt prepared to practice ablative (96%), and microvascular surgery (73%), and 57% have secured employment to follow graduation. Five (10%) had a pending job position put on hold due to the pandemic.

Conclusions

Despite the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic, current accredited trainees remain well‐positioned to obtain proficiency and enter the work‐force.
Negative correlation between grey matter in the hippocampus and caudate nucleus in healthy aging
Authors: Sodums Devin J. , Bohbot Véronique D.
Published: May 2020

Neurobiological changes that occur with aging include a reduction in function and volume of the hippocampus. These changes were associated with corresponding memory deficits in navigation tasks. However, navigation can involve different strategies that are dependent on the hippocampus and caudate nucleus. The proportion of people using hippocampus‐dependent spatial strategies decreases across the lifespan. As such, the decrease in spatial strategies, and corresponding increase in caudate nucleus‐dependent response strategies with age, may play a role in the observed neurobiological changes in the hippocampus. Furthermore, we previously showed a negative correlation between grey matter in the hippocampus and caudate nucleus/striatum in mice, young adults, and in individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. As such, we hypothesized that this negative relationship between the two structures would be present during normal aging. The aim of the current study was to investigate this gap in the literature by studying the relationship between grey matter in the hippocampus and caudate nucleus of the striatum, in relation to each other and to navigation strategies, during healthy aging. Healthy older adults (N = 39) were tested on the Concurrent Spatial Discrimination Learning Task (CSDLT), a virtual radial task that dissociates between spatial and response strategies. A regression of strategies against structural MRIs showed for the first time in older adults that the response strategy was associated with higher amounts of grey matter in the caudate nucleus. As expected, the spatial strategy correlated with grey matter in the hippocampus, which was negatively correlated with grey matter in the caudate nucleus. Interestingly, a sex difference emerged showing that among older adult response learners, women have the least amount of grey matter in the hippocampus, which is a known risk for Alzheimer's disease. This difference was absent among spatial learners. These results are discussed in the context of the putative protective role of spatial memory against grey matter loss in the hippocampus, especially in women.
Hematological toxicities in immune checkpoint inhibitors: A pharmacovigilance study from 2014 to 2019
Authors: Ye Xiaofei , Hu Fangyuan , Zhai Yinghong , Qin Yingyi , Xu Jinfang , Guo Xiaojing , Zhuang Yonglong , He Jia
Published: May 2020

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown remarkable clinical effects in many cancer types. However, ICIs could also induce severe organ system toxicities, including those of the hematological system. The present study aimed to extensively characterize the hematological toxicities of ICIs immunotherapy. Data were extracted from the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database from January 1, 2014, to March 31, 2019. Disproportionality analysis, including information component (IC) and reporting odds ratio (ROR), was used to detect potential disproportionality signal. The lower boundary of the 95% confidence interval of IC (IC025) exceeding zero or that of ROR (ROR025) exceeding one was considered statistically significant for detecting disproportionality signal. A total of 29 294 335 records were extracted from the database, with 132 573 related to ICIs. Overall, hematological adverse events (AEs) were more frequently reported in ICIs (IC025: 0.81; ROR025: 1.80). On further analysis, hematological AEs were overreported in female patients (female vs male, ROR025: 1.04) and anti‐CTLA‐4 monotherapy groups (anti‐CTLA‐4 vs anti‐PD‐1, ROR025: 1.33) and polytherapy groups (polytherapy vs monotherapy, ROR: 1.20, ROR025: 1.11). Moreover, class‐specific hematological AEs were also detected and differed in unique ICI regimens. Notably, disseminated intravascular coagulation had the highest proportion of death outcomes among the top 10 most frequently reported ICI‐associated hematological AEs. Our study shows a high reporting frequency of hematological AEs induced by ICI monotherapy (especially by anti‐CTLA‐4 therapy) and reinforced by polytherapy. A spectrum of class‐specific disproportionality signal was also detected; some were fatal and reported for the first time. The heterogeneous clinical spectrum of hematological toxicities, including the non‐negligible proportion of death as reported outcome, are warranted to be reminded by clinicians. Early recognition and management of ICI‐related hematological AEs are highly important and further studies are needed to confirm the results of our study.
Error‐prone DNA repair pathways as determinants of immunotherapy activity: an emerging scenario for cancer treatment
Authors: Caracciolo Daniele , Riillo Caterina , Arbitrio Mariamena , Di Martino Maria Teresa , Tagliaferri Pierosandro , Tassone Pierfrancesco
Published: May 2020

Defects in DNA repair machinery play a critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of human cancer. When they occur, the tumor cells activate error‐prone mechanisms which lead to genomic instability and high mutation rate. These defects represent, therefore, a cancer Achilles'heel which could be therapeutically exploited by the use of DNA damage response inhibitors. Moreover, experimental and clinical evidence indicates that DNA repair deregulation has a pivotal role also in promoting immune recognition and immune destruction of cancer cells. Indeed, immune checkpoint inhibitors have received regulatory approval in tumors characterized by high genomic instability, such as melanomas and lung cancer. Here, we discuss how deregulation of DNA repair, through activation of error‐prone mechanisms, increases immune activation against cancer. Finally, we address the potential strategies to use DNA repair components as biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets to empower immune‐oncology treatment of human cancer.
Rare case of carcinoma in situ originated in right retrocaval ureter successfully managed with laparoscopic procedure
Authors: Noda Yusuke , Naiki Taku , Naiki‐Ito Aya , Kato Hiroyuki , Etani Toshiki , Shimizu Nobuhiko , Nagai Takashi , Iwatsuki Shoichiro , Hamamoto Shuzo , Yasui Takahiro
Published: May 2020

Introduction

A retrocaval ureter is a rare congenital abnormality characterized by the persistence of the posterior subcardinal vein on the right, which causes the proximal ureter to deviate medially behind the inferior vena cava. The presence of retrocaval ureter is usually found because of the development of progressive hydronephrosis, but many cases are clinically silent. In addition, an urothelial malignancy associated with retrocaval ureter is very rare.

Case presentation

Herein we report a very rare case of a 57‐year‐old male with retrocaval ureter and carcinoma in situ diagnosed by ureteroscopy. In spite of strong adhesion in the area of the ureter behind the inferior vena cava, dissection was successfully managed by a laparoscopic procedure after cutting the ureter and separating it into two segments.

Conclusion

Early histopathological diagnosis and radical laparoscopic surgery based on the results of ureteroscopy may lead to a good outcome, even in retrocaval ureter cases with a carcinoma in situ.
Effects of coloured water pillows on yield and water productivity of eggplant*
Authors: Gerçek Sinan , Demirkaya Mustafa
Published: May 2020

In this study, the effects of black and blue coloured water pillows on eggplant yield and water productivities were investigated under greenhouse conditions in a semi‐arid region of Turkey. There were five different irrigation treatments: black water pillows (BLACKWP), black mulching + drip (BLACKM + D), blue water pillows (BLUEWP), blue mulching + drip (BLUEM + D) and drip irrigation (DI) without mulching. Yield per hectare, yield per plant, number of fruits per plant, number of fruits per unit area (m2) and seasonal water consumption were investigated. The yields in BLACKWP, BLUEWP, BLACKM + D, BLUEM + D and DI treatments were respectively measured as 104, 103, 115, 107 and 76.2 t ha−1. Seasonal water consumption of the BLACKWP and BLUEWP treatments and BLACKM + D and BLUEM + D treatments was respectively 19 and 16% less than that of DI treatment. Irrigation water productivity of the BLACKWP, BLUEWP, BLACKM + D and BLUEM + D treatments were respectively 40, 39, 44 and 40% greater than that of DI treatment. Yield of BLACKWP, BLUEWP, BLACKM + D and BLUEM + D treatments was respectively 26, 26, 34 and 29% higher than that of DI treatment. Black and blue water pillows and black and blue mulching + drip irrigations had much higher yields and water productivities than drip irrigation without mulching. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The components of an innovation ecosystem framework for Botswana's mobile applications
Authors: Nyamaka Admore Tutsirayi , Botha Adele , Van Biljon Judy , Marais Mario Alphonso
Published: May 2020

The literature on information and communication technology comprises numerous studies on the role of mobile technologies in developing communities, including examples of innovative mobile applications which improve literacy and access to healthcare, banking and agricultural services. There is a growing understanding that sustainable development requires more than rational, scientific and technological means – it also requires a web of support from both social networks and business infrastructure. Innovation ecosystems consist of economic agents and relations, as well as non‐economic components such as technology, institutions, sociological interactions and culture, which facilitate idea‐making, innovation and the diffusion of such innovations. There is, as yet, no evidence‐based innovation ecosystem conceptualisation to describe the situation in Botswana. This study aims to identify and present the essential components of a mobile application innovation ecosystem, by using Design Science Research methodology and adopting a pragmatic research approach which draws on two theoretical streams: the Computing, Connectivity, Content and Capacity (4Cs) framework for information and communications technology, and a systems theory‐based Triple Helix Model of Innovation. In addition to making a theoretical contribution towards understanding information and communications technology for development innovation frameworks, the study provides practical recommendations in respect of supporting mobile application innovations in Botswana.
Noncovalent modification of self‐assembled functionalized COF by PNIPAM and its properties of Pickering emulsion
Authors: Zhang Na , Wang Fei , Cai Chang‐chen , Sun Qian , Zhang Kai , Li Ai‐xiang , Weng Jun‐ying , Li Qiu‐hong
Published: May 2020

Based on a facile and universal method using noncovalent bonding, here, polymer‐modified covalent organic framework materials (COFs) were rapidly prepared. PNIPAM‐modified COF (COF‐PNIPAM) was synthesized by electrostatic self‐assembly between COF prepared by low‐cost melamine and terephthalaldehyde and carboxyl‐terminated poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) prepared via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. The carboxyl‐terminated PNIPAM was characterized by Gel Permeation Chromatography and Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy (UV–vis). COF and COF‐PNIPAM were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopes, Scanning Electron Microscope, Transmission Electron Microscope, X‐Ray Diffractomer (XRD), and Brunner‐Emmet‐Teller (BET) measurements. The results showed that the COF‐PNIPAM was successfully prepared. The Pickering emulsion properties of the COF‐PNIPAM in a water‐to‐toluene mixed system were studied, and when the water‐to‐oil ratio is 2:1, a stable emulsion can be obtained. However, the results show that the PNIPAM chains of COF‐PNIPAM nearly lose their temperature responsiveness.
PLCε regulates metabolism and metastasis signaling via HIF‐1α/MEK/ERK pathway in prostate cancer
Authors: Fan Yanru , Ou Liping , Fan Jiaxin , Li Luo , Wang Xiao , Niu Lingfang , Wu Xiaohou , Luo Chunli
Published: May 2020

Phospholipase C‐ε (PLCε) is frequently overexpressed in tumors and plays an important role in the regulation of tumorigenesis. Although great progress has been made in understanding biological roles of PLCε, the relevant molecular mechanisms underlying its pro‐tumor activity remain largely unclear. Here, we demonstrated that PLCε knockdown reduced cell metastasis, glucose consumption and lactate production in a manner that depended on hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α) expression in prostate cancer cells. Interestingly, our findings showed that the expression levels of PLCε were positively associated with those of HIF‐1α in clinical prostate carcinoma samples. Knockdown of PLCε impaired HIF‐1α levels and transcriptional activity by regulating the extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinase pathway, and blocking HIF‐1α nuclear translocation. Furthermore, PLCε could interact with the von Hippel–Lindau E3 ligase complex to modulate the stability of HIF‐1α. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that PLCε could be a crucial positive regulator of HIF‐1α, which would promote PLCε‐enhanced tumorigenesis.
Evaluating the mechanism underlying antitumor effect of interleukin 27 on B cells of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients
Authors: Manouchehri‐Doulabi Ehsan , Abbaspour Somaye , Rostami Shahrbano , Faranoush Mohammad , Ghahramanfard Farahnaz , Pak Fatemeh , Barati Mehdi , Kokhaei Parviz , Momtazi‐Borojeni Amir A.
Published: May 2020

Chronic lymphocyte leukemia (CLL) is a B‐cell malignancy resisted to apoptosis. Recently, some studies indicated that cytokines such as interleukin 27 (IL‐27) can reduce B‐cell proliferation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the mechanism underlying the proapoptotic effect of IL‐27 on B cells of patients with CLL in comparison with B cells of normal subjects. The effect of IL‐27 on the antitumor activity of natural killer (NK) and T cells was also evaluated. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 35 patients with CLL and 15 normal subjects. B cells and PBMCs were cocultured with IL‐27 and B cells apoptosis to evaluate proliferation. Both messenger RNA and protein expression of IL‐27 and IL‐27 receptor were determined using flow cytometry and real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis. To evaluate the apoptotic effect of IL‐27 on B cells of patients with CLL, Annexin V‐FITC and 7‐AAD (BioLegend) fluorescent dyes were used. In addition, the IL‐27 effect on activation of T cell and NK cell was determined by determining CD96 molecule expression. IL‐27 and IL‐27 receptor expression in patients with CLL was significantly lower than that of normal subjects (p < .05). IL‐27 enhanced apoptosis of B cells in patients with CLL (p < .05) but this effect was not significantly observed in B cells of normal subjects (p > .05). Consequently, IL‐27 reduced the proliferation of B cells and enhanced NK cell activity (p < .05). IL‐27, through inducing apoptosis, can exert an inhibitory effect on cancer B cells of CLL patients with minimal effect on normal B cells.
Cortical Changes in Epilepsy Patients With Focal Cortical Dysplasia: New Insights With T2 Mapping
Authors: Ahmad Rida , Maiworm Michelle , Nöth Ulrike , Seiler Alexander , Hattingen Elke , Steinmetz Helmuth , Rosenow Felix , Deichmann Ralf , Wagner Marlies , Gracien René‐Maxime
Published: May 2020

Background

In epilepsy patients with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) as the epileptogenic focus, global cortical signal changes are generally not visible on conventional MRI. However, epileptic seizures or antiepileptic medication might affect normal‐appearing cerebral cortex and lead to subtle damage.

Purpose

To investigate cortical properties outside FCD regions with T2‐relaxometry.

Study Type

Prospective study.

Subjects

Sixteen patients with epilepsy and FCD and 16 age‐/sex‐matched healthy controls.

Field Strength/Sequence

3T, fast spin‐echo T2‐mapping, fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), and synthetic T1‐weighted magnetization‐prepared rapid acquisition of gradient‐echoes (MP‐RAGE) datasets derived from T1‐maps.

Assessment

Reconstruction of the white matter and cortical surfaces based on MP‐RAGE structural images was performed to extract cortical T2 values, excluding lesion areas. Three independent raters confirmed that morphological cortical/juxtacortical changes in the conventional FLAIR datasets outside the FCD areas were definitely absent for all patients. Averaged global cortical T2 values were compared between groups. Furthermore, group comparisons of regional cortical T2 values were performed using a surface‐based approach. Tests for correlations with clinical parameters were carried out.

Statistical Tests

General linear model analysis, permutation simulations, paired and unpaired t‐tests, and Pearson correlations.

Results

Cortical T2 values were increased outside FCD regions in patients (83.4 ± 2.1 msec, control group 81.4 ± 2.1 msec, P = 0.01). T2 increases were widespread, affecting mainly frontal, but also parietal and temporal regions of both hemispheres. Significant correlations were not observed (P ≥ 0.55) between cortical T2 values in the patient group and the number of seizures in the last 3 months or the number of anticonvulsive drugs in the medical history.

Data Conclusion

Widespread increases in cortical T2 in FCD‐associated epilepsy patients were found, suggesting that structural epilepsy in patients with FCD is not only a symptom of a focal cerebral lesion, but also leads to global cortical damage not visible on conventional MRI.

Evidence Level

21

Technical efficacy Stage

3 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2020;52:1783–1789.
Cohort Multicenter Study on the Role of Medications in Parenteral Nutrition–Related Alteration of Liver Function Tests in Adults
Authors: Mateu‐de Antonio Javier , Miana‐Mena María Teresa , Martínez‐Bernabé Eva , González‐Valdivieso Juan , Berlana David , Pons‐Bussom Montserrat , Murgadella‐Sancho Anna , Badia‐Tahull Maria B. , Martínez‐Castro Beatriz , Sunyer‐Esquerrà Neus , Sanmartin‐Suñer Mónica , Leiva‐Badosa Elisabet , Mirerachs‐Aranda Nuria , Vila‐Bundó Anna , Fernández‐Morató Jordi , Vitales‐Farrero María Teresa
Published: May 2020

Background

Our objective was to assess in non–critically‐ill adult inpatients receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) the risk of developing liver function test (LFT) alterations when receiving concomitant possibly hepatotoxic medications or others reported to improve LFTs during PN.

Methods

A multicenter retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was performed on patients receiving PN. Two groups were recruited: group LALT (patients with any LFT alterations during PN), and group NOLALT (patients without such alterations). Exclusion criteria were previous sepsis, shock, renal failure, hyperglycemia, LFT alteration, or biliopancreatic surgical procedures. Medications were classified into 2 categories: medications reported to improve LFTs during PN (n = 8) and possibly hepatotoxic medications (n = 54), including a subgroup of possibly highly hepatotoxic medications (n = 30).

Results

The study included 200 patients, 136 (68.0%) in the LALT group. The groups differed in the number of patients requiring surgical intervention ≤7 days before PN (LALT, 94 [69.1%]; NOLALT, 29 [45.3%]; P < .002) and those receiving possibly hepatotoxic medications (LALT, 126 [92.6%]; NOLALT, 45 [70.3%]; P < .001). Variables in the final Cox regression model were possibly hepatotoxic medications, odds ratio (OR) 3.310 (1.678–6.530); surgical intervention prior to PN, OR 1.861 (1.277–2.711); baseline triglyceridemia, OR 1.005 (1.001–1.009); and creatinine, OR 1.861 (1.043–3.323).

Conclusions

Patients who received PN and concomitantly possibly hepatotoxic medications had a 3‐fold risk of developing LFT alterations. Medications reported to improve LFTs had no effect. The use of possibly hepatotoxic medications during
PN was associated with LFT alterations.