bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single-shot measurements of pulse-front tilt in intense ps laser pulses and its effect on accelerated electron and ion beam characteristics (invited)
Authors: Grace E. S. , Djordjevic B. Z. , Guang Z. , Mariscal D. , Scott G. G. , Simpson R. A. , Swanson K. K. , Zeraouli G. , Stuart B. , Trebino R. , Ma T.
Published: December 2022

We report recent single-shot spatiotemporal measurements of laser pulses, including pulse-front tilt (PFT) and spatial chirp, taken at the Compact Multipulse Terawatt laser at the Jupiter Laser Facility in Livermore, CA. STRIPED FISH, a device that measures the complete 3D electric field of fs to ps laser pulses on a single shot, was adapted to near infrared for these measurements. We present the design of the instrument used for these experiments, the on-shot measurements of systematic high-order PFT, and shot-to-shot variations in the measurements of spatiotemporal couplings. Finally, we simulate the effect of PFT in target normal sheath acceleration experiments. These simulations showed that pulse front tilt can steer hot electrons, shape the distribution of the accelerating sheath field, and increase the variability of cutoff energy in the resulting proton spectra. While these effects may be detrimental to experimental accuracy if the pulse front tilt is left unmeasured, hot electron steering shows promise for precision manipulation of the particle source for a range of applications, including irradiation of secondary targets for opacity measurements, radiography, or neutron generation.
Forced signal and predictability in a prototype climate model: Implications for fingerprinting based detection in the presence of multidecadal natural variability
Authors: Kravtsov S. , Gavrilov A. , Buyanova M. , Loskutov E. , Feigin A.
Published: December 2022

Advanced numerical models used for climate prediction are known to exhibit biases in their simulated climate response to variable concentrations of the atmospheric greenhouse gases and aerosols that force a non-uniform, in space and time, secular global warming. We argue here that these biases can be particularly pronounced due to misrepresentation, in these models, of the multidecadal internal climate variability characterized by large-scale, hemispheric-to-global patterns. This point is illustrated through the development and analysis of a prototype climate model comprised of two damped linear oscillators, which mimic interannual and multidecadal internal climate dynamics and are set into motion via a combination of stochastic driving, representing weather noise, and deterministic external forcing inducing a secular climate change. The model time series are paired with pre-specified patterns in the physical space and form, conceptually, a spatially extended time series of the zonal-mean near-surface temperature, which is further contaminated by a spatiotemporal noise simulating the rest of climate variability. The choices of patterns and model parameters were informed by observations and climate-model simulations of the 20th century near-surface air temperature. Our main finding is that the intensity and spatial patterns of the internal multidecadal variability associated with the slow-oscillator model component greatly affect (i) the ability of modern pattern-recognition/fingerprinting methods to isolate the forced response of the climate system in the 20th century ensemble simulations and (ii) climate-system predictability, especially decadal predictability, as well as the estimates of this predictability using climate models in which the internal multidecadal variability is underestimated or otherwise misrepresented.
Do chaotic field lines cause fast reconnection in coronal loops?
Authors: Huang Yi-Min , Bhattacharjee Amitava
Published: December 2022

Over the past decade, Boozer has argued that three-dimensional (3D) magnetic reconnection fundamentally differs from two-dimensional reconnection due to the fact that the separation between any pair of neighboring field lines almost always increases exponentially over distance in a 3D magnetic field. According to Boozer, this feature makes 3D field-line mapping chaotic and exponentially sensitive to small non-ideal effects; consequently, 3D reconnection can occur without intense current sheets. We test Boozer's theory via ideal and resistive reduced magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the Boozer–Elder coronal loop model driven by sub-Alfvénic footpoint motions [A. H. Boozer and T. Elder, Phys. Plasmas 28, 062303 (2021)]. Our simulation results significantly differ from their predictions. The ideal simulation shows that Boozer and Elder under-predict the intensity of current density due to missing terms in their reduced model equations. Furthermore, resistive simulations of varying Lundquist numbers show that the maximal current density scales linearly rather than logarithmically with the Lundquist number.
Charge to spin conversion in van der Waals metal NbSe2
Authors: Hoque Anamul Md. , Zhao Bing , Khokhriakov Dmitrii , Muduli Prasanta , Dash Saroj P.
Published: December 2022

Quantum materials with a large charge current-induced spin polarization are promising for next-generation all-electrical spintronic science and technology. Van der Waals metals with high spin–orbit coupling and spin textures have attracted significant attention for an efficient charge-to-spin conversion process. Here, we demonstrate the electrical generation of spin polarization in NbSe2 up to room temperature. Characterization of NbSe2 shows superconducting transition temperature, Tc ∼ 7 K. To probe the current-induced spin polarization in NbSe2, we used a graphene-based non-local spin-valve device, where the spin-polarization in NbSe2 is efficiently injected and detected using non-local spin-switch and Hanle spin precession measurements. A significantly higher charge-spin conversion in NbSe2 is observed at a lower temperature. Systematic measurements provide the possible origins of the spin polarization to be predominantly due to the spin Hall effect or Rashba–Edelstein effect in NbSe2, considering different symmetry-allowed charge-spin conversion processes.
A flexible neutron spectrometer concept with a new ultra-high field steady-state vertical-bore magnet
Authors: Winn B. L. , Broholm C. , Bird M. D. , Haberl B. , Granroth G. E. , Katsaras J.
Published: December 2022

The proposed facility explores materials under ultra-high magnetic fields. By combining the power of high fields to tune materials and of neutron scattering to probe the resulting changes down to the atomic scale, this facility will enable transformative progress in the study of quantum materials and is named for the “TITAN” subset of Greek gods to reflect this transformation. TITAN will offer DC magnetic fields up to at least 20 T. Exploiting the record brightness and bandwidth of the Second Target Station at the Spallation Neutron Source, TITAN will probe atomic-scale responses through high efficiency neutron spectroscopy up to 80 meV energy transfer, high resolution diffraction, and small angle neutron scattering. Focusing neutron optics will maximize flux on accurately positioned samples, while radial collimation and optimized shielding and detection strategies will minimize backgrounds.
Ionic liquid gating-tuned superconductor–insulator transition in PrBa2Cu3O7/La2CuO4 bilayers
Authors: Ju Lele , Ren Tianshuang , Shi Chuanyu , Xie Yanwu
Published: December 2022

Recently, high-temperature superconductivity has been found at the interface between two Mott insulators, PrBa2Cu3O7 and La2CuO4. In this work, we demonstrate our tuning of this interface superconductor by ionic liquid gating. By varying gate voltage, VG, a superconductor–insulator phase transition was achieved. Hall-effect measurements suggest that the carrier density, which can be tuned continuously from 1.86 × 1014 to 3.78 × 1014 cm−2 for VG varying from −0.3 to −3 V, is the tuning parameter. A finite-size scaling analysis was used to analyze the superconductor–insulator phase transition, which gives a critical resistance of 14–17 kΩ and a critical exponent of zν ≈ 1.3–1.4. These values are comparable with those obtained in previous studies on ultrathin clean cuprate films gated by ionic liquid.
Design and construction of a novel energy-loss optical scintillation system (ELOSS) for heavy-ion particle identification
Authors: Cortesi M. , Dziubinski S. , Gade A. , Zegers R. , Pereira J. , Asciutto J. , Lidia S. , Bazin D.
Published: December 2022

We present the development of a novel heavy-ion particle-identification (PID) device based on an energy-loss measurement to be implemented in the focal plane of the S800 spectrograph of the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB). The new instrument consists of a multi-segmented optical detector [energy-loss optical scintillation system (ELOSS)] that is filled with xenon at pressures ranging from 400 to 800 Torr. The gas volume is surrounded by arrays of photomultiplier tubes and placed along the direction of the beam for recording the prompt scintillation light. The number of detected photons, which is proportional to the energy deposited by the beam particle along its track in the detector volume, allows one to identify the corresponding atomic number (Z). The ELOSS technology is expected to provide high-resolution ΔE measurements (≤0.6% σ) at a high counting rate (>50 kHz). In addition, it has the capability of providing timing information with around 150 ps resolution (σ) compared to the lack of useable timing information of the conventional ionization chamber relying on drifting charges. The development of fast, accurate ΔE measurement techniques for present and future nuclear science facilities will have a high impact on the design and implementation of rare-isotope beam experiments at FRIB and their scientific outcome. As such, ELOSS also represents a prototype for the development of PID detector systems of other planned and future spectrometers, such as the high rigidity spectrometer at FRIB.
Taming cardiac arrhythmias: Terminating spiral wave chaos by adaptive deceleration pacing
Authors: Lilienkamp Thomas , Parlitz Ulrich , Luther Stefan
Published: December 2022

Sequences of weak electrical pulses are considered a promising alternative for terminating ventricular and atrial fibrillations while avoiding strong defibrillation shocks with adverse side effects. In this study, using numerical simulations of four different 2D excitable media, we show that pulse trains with increasing temporal intervals between successive pulses (deceleration pacing) provide high success rates at low energies. Furthermore, we propose a simple and robust approach to calculate inter-pulse spacing directly from the frequency spectrum of the dynamics (for instance, computed based on the electrocardiogram), which can be practically used in experiments and clinical applications.
Improvement of the reliability of potassium-ion electrets thorough an additional oxidation process
Authors: Ohata Yoshiki , Nakanishi Toru , Chokawa Kenta , Araidai Masaaki , Ishiguro Takuma , Mitsuya Hiroyuki , Toshiyoshi Hiroshi , Shibata Yasushi , Hashiguchi Gen , Shiraishi Kenji
Published: December 2022

Potassium-ion electrets, which mainly consist of amorphous silica and permanently store negative charge, are vital elements of small autonomous vibration-powered generators. However, negative charge decay is sometimes observed to cause issues for applications. In this study, we propose an improved guideline for the fabrication of potassium-ion electrets by first-principles calculations based on density functional theory, which shows that yield reduction can be suppressed by additional oxidation. Moreover, we experimentally confirm that the additional oxidation step effectively extends the lifetime of potassium-ion electrets.
Generation of a GHZ-type optical entangled coherent state without measurements
Authors: Liu Tong , Zhou Yan-Hui , Wu Qi-Cheng , Yang Chui-Ping
Published: December 2022

Typically, multipartite entangled coherent states are difficult to be extended and produced without measurement. We here propose a way to deterministically generate a GHZ (Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger)-type entangled coherent state of cavities, utilizing a system consisting of a single superconducting qutrit (i.e., a three-level quantum system) and multiple microwave cavities. Due to the use of only a coupler qutrit, the architecture of the circuit system is quite simple. More importantly, our proposal does not require measurement on the state of qutrit compared with the previous proposals. Since the qutrit's third energy level is not populated during the operation, decoherence from the higher energy level is greatly minimized. Furthermore, the entire operation time is independent of the number of microwave cavities. As an example, our numerical simulations show that high-fidelity generation of a three-cavity GHZ-type entangled coherent state is feasible with present circuit quantum electrodynamics technology. This proposal is universal and can be applied to other physical systems, such as microwave or optical cavities, which are coupled to a single natural or artificial three-level atom.
Torpor by the Honey Possum, Tarsipes rostratus (Marsupialia: Tarsipedidae), in response to food shortage and low environmental temperature.
Authors: Collins B. G. , Wooller R. D. , Richardson K. C.
Published: December 2022

Tarsipes rostratus is a 5-15 g marsupial with a natural distribution restricted to shrublands and heathlands of southwestern Australia. In the laboratory, it has metabolic rates that vary from 150-350 J (g.h)-1, and does not become torpid if artificial nectar is available. When nectar is removed, animals ultimately become torpid for intervals of several hours, during which metabolic rates are often reduced by more than 90%. The time taken by animals to become torpid is reduced, and the duration of torpor bouts increased, if body size and ambient temperature are decreased. By becoming torpid under the experimental conditions imposed, animals reduce their total daily energy expenditures by approximately 70%. It is suggested that torpor occurs when the energy reserves of animals fall below a critical level. In the field, torpor is most prevalent in animals the weight less than 7 g, and occurs predominantly during the period from March to September. Evidence relating to possible causes of torpor in the field is equivocal.
A smartphone intervention that enhances real-world memory and promotes differentiation of hippocampal activity in older adults
Authors: Martin Chris B. , Hong Bryan , Newsome Rachel N. , Savel Katarina , Meade Melissa E. , Xia Andrew , Honey Christopher J. , Barense Morgan D.
Published: December 2022

The act of remembering an everyday experience influences how we interpret the world, how we think about the future, and how we perceive ourselves. It also enhances long-term retention of the recalled content, increasing the likelihood that it will be recalled again. Unfortunately, the ability to recollect event-specific details and reexperience the past tends to decline with age. This decline in recollection may reflect a corresponding decrease in the distinctiveness of hippocampal memory representations. Despite these well-established changes, there are few effective cognitive behavioral interventions that target real-world episodic memory. We addressed this gap by developing a smartphone-based application called HippoCamera that allows participants to record labeled videos of everyday events and subsequently replay, high-fidelity autobiographical memory cues. In two experiments, we found that older adults were able to easily integrate this noninvasive intervention into their daily lives. Using HippoCamera to repeatedly reactivate memories for real-world events improved episodic recollection and it evoked more positive autobiographical sentiment at the time of retrieval. In both experiments, these benefits were observed shortly after the intervention and again after a 3-mo delay. Moreover, more detailed recollection was associated with more differentiated memory signals in the hippocampus. Thus, using this smartphone application to systematically reactivate memories for recent real-world experiences can help to maintain a bridge between the present and past in older adults.
Updated concepts of seismic gaps and asperities to assess great earthquake hazard along South America
Authors: Lay Thorne , Nishenko Stuart P.
Published: December 2022

So far in this century, six very large–magnitude earthquakes (MW≥ 7.8) have ruptured separate portions of the subduction zone plate boundary of western South America along Ecuador, Peru, and Chile. Each source region had last experienced a very large earthquake from 74 to 261 y earlier. This history led to their designation in advance as seismic gaps with potential to host future large earthquakes. Deployments of geodetic and seismic monitoring instruments in several of the seismic gaps enhanced resolution of the subsequent faulting processes, revealing preevent patterns of geodetic slip deficit accumulation and heterogeneous coseismic slip on the megathrust fault. Localized regions of large slip, or asperities, appear to have influenced variability in how each source region ruptured relative to prior events, as repeated ruptures have had similar, but not identical slip distributions. We consider updated perspectives of seismic gaps, asperities, and geodetic locking to assess current very large earthquake hazard along the South American subduction zone, noting regions of particular concern in northern Ecuador and Colombia (1958/1906 rupture zone), southeastern Peru (southeasternmost 1868 rupture zone), north Chile (1877 rupture zone), and north-central Chile (1922 rupture zone) that have large geodetic slip deficit measurements and long intervals (from 64 to 154 y) since prior large events have struck those regions. Expanded geophysical measurements onshore and offshore in these seismic gaps may provide critical information about the strain cycle and fault stress buildup late in the seismic cycle in advance of the future great earthquakes that will eventually strike each region.
Assembly and architecture of the type III secretion sorting platform
Authors: Soto J. Eduardo , Galán Jorge E. , Lara-Tejero María
Published: December 2022

Type III secretion systems are bacterial nanomachines specialized in protein delivery into target eukaryotic cells. The structural and functional complexity of these machines demands highly coordinated mechanisms for their assembly and operation. The sorting platform is a critical component of type III secretion machines that ensures the timely engagement and secretion of proteins destined to travel this export pathway. However, the mechanisms that lead to the assembly of this multicomponent structure have not been elucidated. Herein, employing an extensive in vivo cross-linking strategy aided by structure modeling, we provide a detailed intersubunit contact survey of the entire sorting platform complex. Using the identified cross-links as signatures for pairwise intersubunit interactions in combination with systematic genetic deletions, we mapped the assembly process of this unique bacterial structure. Insights generated by this study could serve as the bases for the rational development of antivirulence strategies to combat several medically important bacterial pathogens.
Stacking and tuning effects on magneto-electronic and electric contact features for arsenene/Fe3GeTe2 van der Waals heterostructure
Authors: Han J N , Cao S G , Li Z H , Zhang Z H
Published: December 2022

Recently, experimentally available Fe3GeTe2 (FGT) monolayer has attracted tremendous research interest due to its long-range ferromagnetic (FM) order. Here, we systematically study the magneto-electronic and electric contact properties of FGT-based van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures integrated by arsenene (As) with multiple stacking patterns. The low binding energy (−117.69 to −52.69 meV atom−1) proves their highly geometric stability, and the high magnetized energy (91.61–213.61 meV/unit cell) and magnetic exchange energy (64.53–84.43 meV/unit cell) provide a strong evidence for magnetism stability. Particularly, the magnetic proximity exchange effect as well as spin transfer and spin rearrangement can enhance the FM coupling in heterostructures, so that the highest Curie temperature T
C = 173.93 K is achieved, being 19.73% higher than isolated FGT. Meanwhile, the arsenene is magnetized as well. In particular, metal-induced gap states appear in band gap of original As monolayer. Besides, metal-semiconductor contact performance is improved in constructed heterostructures by lowering electronic Schottky barrier height to nearly obtain Ohmic contact. Magnetic exchange energy rises further to improve magnetic stability with the interlayer spacing narrowed, and T
C is increased up to 184.80 K, an increase of 27.21% compared to FGT monolayer. Being attributed to the proximity exchange effect strengthened with a shrunk interlayer spacing, and the electric contact behavior is also boosted further by this compressive strain to realize high-performance electric junction. Our findings provide a new route to extend the applications of FGT by constructing suitable vdW heterostructures.
Light driven magnetic transitions in transition metal dichalcogenide heterobilayers
Authors: Vogl Michael , Chaudhary Swati , Fiete Gregory A
Published: December 2022

Motivated by the recent excitement around the physics of twisted transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) multilayer systems, we study strongly correlated phases of TMD heterobilayers under the influence of light. We consider both waveguide light and circularly polarized light. The former allows for longitudinally polarized light, which in the high frequency limit can be used to selectively modify interlayer hoppings in a tight-binding model. We argue based on quasi-degenerate perturbation theory that changes to the interlayer hoppings can be captured as a modulation to the strength of the moiré potential in a continuum model. As a consequence, waveguide light can be used to drive transitions between a myriad of different magnetic phases, including a transition from a 120∘ Neel phase to a stripe ordered magnetic phase, or from a spin density wave phase to a paramagnetic phase, among others. When the system is subjected to circularly polarized light we find that the effective mass of the active TMD layer is modified by an applied electromagnetic field. By simultaneously applying waveguide light and circularly polarized light to a system, one has a high level of control in moving through the phase diagram in-situ. Lastly, we comment on the experimental feasibility of Floquet state preparation and argue that it is within reach of available techniques when the system is coupled to a judiciously chosen bath.
Isotope doping-induced crossover shift in the thermal conductivity of thin silicon nanowires
Authors: Zhou Ziyue , Xu Ke , Song Zixuan , Wang Zhen , Lin Yanwen , Shi Qiao , Hao Yongchao , Fu Yuequn , Zhang Zhisen , Wu Jianyang
Published: December 2022

Here, using homogeneous nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, we report the thermal transport characteristics of thin Si nanowires (NWs) with varying size and isotope doping ratio. It is identified that crossover in the thermal conductivity (κ) of both isotope doping-free and isotope doped Si-NWs appears at critical sizes, below which κ is enlarged with decreasing size because the hydrodynamic phonon flow predominates, above which, due to the dominant phonon boundary scattering, opposite behavior is observed. With increasing isotope doping, however, the critical size in minimizing the κ is moved to small values because the phonon impurity scattering caused by isotope doping is critically involved. Moreover, there is a critical isotope doping (<50%) in the critical size motion, originating from that, above which, the critical size no longer moves due to the persistence of hydrodynamic phonon flow. This study provides new insights into the thermal transport behaviors of quasi-1D structures.
Magnetorheological properties of Fe–Co nanoparticles with high saturation magnetization and low coercivity
Authors: Du Tianxiang , Zhao Penghui , Tong Yu , Ma Ning , Huang Hao , Dong Xufeng
Published: December 2022

Fe–Co alloys exhibit an excellent saturation magnetization, which makes them become a potential candidate for the high property magnetic particles in magnetorheological fluids (MRFs). How to decrease their coercivity and residual magnetization without sacrificing the saturation magnetization is a crucial problem to be solved. In this study, Fe–Co nanoparticles were prepared by DC arc discharge and further disposed through low temperature annealing in Ar atmosphere. The successful synthesis of Fe–Co nanoparticles was proved by x-ray diffraction and EDS. The vibrating sample magnetometer results revealed that the prepared Fe–Co nanoparticles had a saturation magnetization of 208 emu g−1, while the coercivity and remanent magnetization were 58 Oe and 5.8 emu g−1, respectively. The MR properties of Fe–Co nanoparticles based MRFs (FeCoNP-MRFs) with 10% particles by volume fraction were systematically investigated. The FeCoNP-MRFs showed up to 4.61 kPa dynamic shear stress at 436 kA m−1 magnetic field and an excellent reversibility. The MR properties of FeCoNP-MRFs were fitted well by Bingham and power law model, and described by Seo-Seo and Casson fluid model. Meanwhile, the sedimentation ratio of FeCoNP-MRFs was still 87.3% after 72 h, indicating an excellent sedimentation stability.
Quantification of plasma produced OH and electron fluxes at the liquid anode and their role in plasma driven solution electrochemistry
Authors: Yue Yuanfu , Exarhos Stephen , Nam Jaehyun , Lee Dongho , Linic Suljo , Bruggeman Peter J
Published: December 2022

Plasma–liquid interactions enable various applications through the generation of a large range of reactive species in solution. In this work, we report on the interaction of a pulsed atmospheric pressure glow-like discharge with a liquid anode. Particularly, the flux of hydroxyl (OH) radicals and electrons in the plasma at the liquid anode are measured by laser induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy and current measurements to investigate the role of OH and electrons in plasma-enabled redox chemistry in solution. The impact of the voltage pulse width, voltage amplitude, liquid temperature and conductivity on the OH density distribution was also investigated. We observed a significant OH density near the liquid surface, which showed a transition from a ring-shaped structure to a more uniform structure with increasing plasma power. This transition coincided with a similar transition in the plasma emission intensity and electron density profile. A Raman laser scattering study indicated that this transition can be attributed to an enhanced N2 mixing at larger plasma-dissipated powers. Besides, a time resolved measurement showed that the OH density segregates radially in the afterglow at velocities exceeding the gas velocity at room temperature due to enhanced gas convection resulting from the plasma-induced gas heating. While the OH flux was of the order of ∼1021 m−2 s−1, approximately two orders of magnitude lower than the electron flux, significant reduction in the solution occurs during the voltage pulse. Nonetheless, a slow oxidation was observed in the afterglow due to the much longer lifetime of OH radicals compared to electrons. The Faradaic efficiency of the liquid redox chemistry was evaluated with H cell measurements and showed a good agreement with a 1D liquid phase model with the measured electron and OH fluxes as the input. This result shows the capability to quantitatively describe the plasma-driven solution electrochemistry for a model redox couple based on OH and electron driven reactions.
Investigation of the afterpeaks in pulsed microwave argon plasma at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Jeong Seokyong , Nam Woojin , Shim Seungbo , Yun Gunsu
Published: December 2022

We studied the energy transport process in pulsed microwave argon plasmas at atmospheric pressure, focusing on the optical emission burst during the pulse-off time called the afterpeak. Guided by experimental observations using nanosecond time resolution imaging and spectroscopic diagnostics, we developed a global simulation model considering time-varying reaction rate coefficients and non-thermal electron energy distribution. Experimental and simulation results show that the afterpeak can be maximized by choosing an appropriate pulse period. Our analysis of the generation and consumption of excited argon species reveals that the rapid drop in electron temperature during the inter-pulse time reduces the diffusive loss of ions and enhances the recombination reactions, which produce the afterpeak. We also reveal that the radiation trapping and high energy level argon must be considered to simulate the afterpeak in atmospheric conditions. The improved understanding of the afterpeak dynamics can be utilized to optimize the power coupling and/or generation of reactive species.
Development of highly selective compact high-temperature superconducting quad-band bandpass filter using interdigital feeding structure for radio astronomy
Authors: Rachi Sota , Sakuma Keita , Akahori Takuya , Sekiya Naoto
Published: December 2022

Astronomers at the Mizusawa Very Long Baseline Interferometry Observatory of the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan are promoting the development of broadband receivers in the ultra-high frequency (UHF) band. The presence of extensive radio frequency interferences (RFI) in the UHF band hinders continuous broadband radio observations in this band. A promising technical solution to this problem is to use a superconducting multi-band bandpass filter as it enables the bundling of several RFI-free bands. We have developed a high-temperature superconducting compact quad-band bandpass filter (QB-BPF) at 0.7, 1.4, 1.6, and 2.1 GHz with low loss and steep cutoff characteristics for broadband receivers. That consists of two six-pole dual-band bandpass filters. We have devised an interdigital feeding structure with a high degree of freedom that enables the external quality factor to be designed individually for each band. A compact QB-BPF was fabricated using double-sided YBa2Cu3Oy thin films on a 36.4 mm × 42.0 mm (0.22λ
g × 0.25λ
g) Al2O3 substrate. The measurement results agreed well with the simulated ones, indicating that the QB-BPF overcomes the problem of extensive RFI in the UHF band.
Systematic study of the effect of individual rotational energy levels on the fusion cross-section of 16
O-based reactions of range 480 ≤ Z

P

Z

T
≤ 592
Authors: Jain Nishu , Bhuyan M , Kumar Raj
Published: December 2022

In heavy-ion fusion reactions, the enhancement in the sub-barrier fusion cross-section has been observed as compared to the 1-Dimensional barrier penetration model due to the coupling of many degrees of freedom to the relative motion. This enhancement can be explained theoretically by including nuclear structure effects like deformation and the coupling of relative motion among two colliding nuclei. The present work aims to investigate the effect of individual rotational energy levels on the fusion cross-sections for 16O-based reaction systems, namely, 16O + 182,184,186W, 16O + 176,180Hf, 16O + 174,176Yb, 16O + 166Er, 16O + 148,152,154Sm, 16O + 150Nd at energies below the fusion barrier. Using the CCFULL code, the effect of low-lying rotational energy levels on the fusion cross-section for 16O induced reactions has been investigated at energies below and around the Coulomb barrier. The calculations are performed by assuming the fixed value of diffuseness parameter a
0 = 0.65 fm in the Woods-Saxon nuclear potential and the other two parameters are optimised by fitting the experimental data at the above barrier. Here we have determined the V
0 and r
0 as a function of Z

P

Z

T
, where experimental cross-sections are available. From our calculations, it is observed that the hexadecapole deformation (β
4) with different magnitudes has a significant influence on the fusion cross sections. For the case of the +ve value of β
4, beyond 10+, the rotational levels cease to contribute significantly and also there is a significant difference between the contribution of sequential channels. On the other hand, in the case of -ve β
4, up to 6+ levels contribute significantly. Furthermore, we have established an algebraic systematic of fitting, which one can use to determine the parameters V
0, r
0 of Woods-Saxon nuclear potential within the range of Z

P

Z

T
lie in between 480 ≤ Z

P

Z

T
≤ 592.
Spectroscopic Determination of C, N, and O Abundances of Solar-analog Stars Based on the Lines of Hydride Molecules
Authors: Takeda Yoichi
Published: December 2022

Photospheric C, N, and O abundances of 118 solar-analog stars were determined by applying the synthetic-fitting analysis to their spectra in the blue or near-UV region comprising lines of CH, NH, and OH molecules, with an aim of clarifying the behaviors of these abundances in comparison with [Fe/H]. It turned out that, in the range of −0.6 ≲ [Fe/H] ≲ +0.3, [C/Fe] shows a marginally increasing tendency with decreasing [Fe/H] with a slight upturn around [Fe/H] ∼ 0, [N/Fe] tends to somewhat decrease toward lower [Fe/H], and [O/Fe] systematically increases (and thus [C/O] decreases) with a decrease in [Fe/H]. While these results are qualitatively consistent with previous determinations mostly based on atomic lines, the distribution centers of these [C/Fe], [N/Fe], and [O/Fe] at the near-solar metallicity are slightly negative by several hundredths of dex, which is interpreted as due to unusual solar abundances possibly related to the planetary formation of our solar system. However, clear anomalies are not observed in the [C, N, O/Fe] ratios of planet-host stars. Three out of four very Be-deficient stars were found to show anomalous [C/Fe] or [N/Fe] which may be due to mass transfer from the evolved companion, though its relation to the Be depletion mechanism is still unclear.
Neural evidence for functional roles of tactile and visual feedback in the application of myoelectric prosthesis
Authors: Su Shiyong , Chai Guohong , Xu Wei , Meng Jianjun , Sheng Xinjun , Mouraux André , Zhu Xiangyang
Published: December 2022

Objective. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the electrophysiological mechanism underlying different modalities of sensory feedback and multi-sensory integration in typical prosthesis control tasks. Approach. We recruited 15 subjects and developed a closed-loop setup for three prosthesis control tasks which covered typical activities in the practical prosthesis application, i.e. prosthesis finger position control (PFPC), equivalent grasping force control (GFC) and box and block control (BABC). All the three tasks were conducted under tactile feedback (TF), visual feedback (VF) and tactile-visual feedback (TVF), respectively, with a simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) recording to assess the electroencephalogram (EEG) response underlying different types of feedback. Behavioral and psychophysical assessments were also administered in each feedback condition. Results. EEG results showed that VF played a predominant role in GFC and BABC tasks. It was reflected by a significantly lower somatosensory alpha event-related desynchronization (ERD) in TVF than in TF and no significant difference in visual alpha ERD between TVF and VF. In PFPC task, there was no significant difference in somatosensory alpha ERD between TF and TVF, while a significantly lower visual alpha ERD was found in TVF than in VF, indicating that TF was essential in situations related to proprioceptive position perception. Tactile-visual integration was found when TF and VF were congruently implemented, showing an obvious activation over the premotor cortex in the three tasks. Behavioral and psychophysical results were consistent with EEG evaluations. Significance. Our findings could provide neural evidence for multi-sensory integration and functional roles of tactile and VF in a practical setting of prosthesis control, shedding a multi-dimensional insight into the functional mechanisms of sensory feedback.
Assessing the local farmer’s perspective on Tapanuli Orangutan in Agroforest Landscape of Batang Toru Ecosystem, Indonesia
Authors: Harahap Hamid Arrum , Yonariza  , Ridwan Endrizal
Published: December 2022

Crop raiding by great apes presents a challenge to conservation due to enhancing human and wildlife conflict, and it is one of the main threats to the existence of newly identified species of Tapanuli Orangutan (Pongo Tapanuliensis). Our study aims to understand communities’ socioeconomics, farmers’ knowledge, perception, attitude, action against Tapanuli Orangutan. Nearly 33% of our respondents showed negative action against Tapanuli Orangutan. Farmer’s claimed that they drive the Orangutan out of their agroforests using tools such as air rifles, sharp tools, as well as stones and sticks. Farmer’s knowledge of Tapanuli Orangutan as a forest engineer is very low. Seventy three per cent of the respondent did not know any ecosystem services provided by Orangutans. We found out that cultural services of orangutans are the most understandable services by local farmers (14%), followed by regulation services (10%) and provisioning services as they consume the bushmeat of Orangutan (3%). Simultaneously, we found that knowledge, perceptions and attitude affect farmer actions by 62.2%. Understanding the farmer’s action against the Tapanuli Orangutan will provide vital information for the stakeholders. We suggested further research to determine farmers’ willingness to accept compensation for their crop-raiding by an Orangutan and the resolution conflict scheme of humanorangutan conflict. Using the economic valuation of orangutans, some strategic approaches may be taken to solve the conflict.
Emission factor for emission reduction estimation in reduced impact logging
Authors: Dharmawan I W S , Ridwan M
Published: December 2022

Indonesia has a forest area of 125.92 million hectares and Production Forest has the largest area, which is approximately 55% of the total forest area of Indonesia. To ensure sustainability of forest management, the use of a logging system that provides minimal damage is highly desirable. Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) as one of the logging systems can minimize the impact of damage due to logging. It is important to provide the emission factor for emission reduction estimation in RIL to support achievement of Indonesian NDC target for net sinker in 2030. This research aims to estimate the emission factor of stands stock in forest concession areas that have applied conventional logging systems and RIL. The circular plot was used to conduct a vegetation survey in concessionaries areas in Central Kalimantan Province and the data collected were then analyzed further for carbon stock and emission factor for emission reduction. The results of the research in study sites showed that emission factor for emission reduction estimation in RIL compare to conventional logging (CL) amounted 30.03 tonC/ha and equivalent 110.2 tonCO2eq/ha or 55.71%. Thus, this value can be used as emission factor to estimate the emission reduction locally in RIL compare to the CL in Central Kalimantan.
Tree damage index in Taman Merdeka, Binjai City, North Sumatra Province
Authors: Ahmad A G , Harahap M M , Putratama N I
Published: December 2022

Tree damage is one of the important indicators for tree health monitoring. Data on tree damage conditions will be very useful for city park managers to determine tree care measures. The purpose of this study was to determine the index of tree damage in Taman Merdeka, Binjai City, North Sumatra Province. The assessment of the three parameters (location of damage, type of damage, and level of damage severity) on the tree damage indicators refers to the Forest Health Monitoring method developed by the USDA Forest Service (1997). A total of 86 (eighty six) individual trees from 15 (fifteen) tree species growing in Taman Merdeka – Binjai City were successfully measured for their damage conditions. The results of this study indicate that overall the trees that grow in Taman Merdeka Binjai City are in good condition. This can be seen from the absence of trees that have a heavy damage index. The results of this study showed that as many as 47,67% of tree species growing in Taman Merdeka – Binjai City had a moderate damage index, dan as many as 52,33% had a low damage index. Five species of trees are known to have moderate damage, namely mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla), saga (Adenanthera pavonina), dadap merah (Erythrina christagali), ketapang kencana (Terminalia mantally), and mangga (Mangifera indica).
Analysis of income from pine resin tapping on Forest Farmers Groups in partnership with UPT KPH Region II Pematang Siantar
Authors: Purba P R , Rahmawaty  , Susilowati A
Published: December 2022

The forestry partnership pattern is a social forestry scheme which is an empowerment program that prioritizes the principles of agreement, equality, mutual benefit, local specificity, trust, transparency and participation in its implementation. One of the partnership patterns adopted by UPT. KPH Region II Pematang Siantar is pine resintapping. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence the income of pine resin tappers in farmer groups partnering with UPT. KPH Region II Pematang Siantar. The research was conducted in a qualitative descriptive manner using primary and secondary data. A total of 70 members of the forest farmer group (KTH) from the Mantap Cooperative of Sibaganding Village, were taken as respondents in this study. The method used is Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) using expert choice software. The data collection method is Focus Group Discussion (FGD). From the results of weighting with AHP, it was obtained that the determinants of the income of the pine resin tappers of the Mantap Cooperative were the price (0.41), followed by the number of trees being tapped (0.26), the weather (0.13), the distance from the tapping location (0.10) and gender (0.08). The value of the level of inconsistency in this study is 0.07.
Mini review: Extracellular enzymes and proteins produced by nematophagous fungi
Authors: Hastuti L D S , Berliani K , Mulya M B , Hartanto A , Pahlevi S
Published: December 2022

While the advanced use of nematophagous and nematode-trapping fungi has been promoted and proven to be effective in the field to control root-know nematodes, the prospect of enzymes produced by these group have remained unclear and not extensively summarized. The aim of this review was to describe the current progress and possibly suggestion for further investigation regarding the extracellular enzymes and proteins produced by the fungi. We identified some studies published between 1985 and 2022 from the Scopus database by using a combination of keywords or Boolean operators: “(Nematophagous OR Nematode-trapping) AND (Fungi OR Fungus) AND Enzyme” in the “Article title, Abstract, Keywords” section. The procedure yielded a total of 77 research articles regarding the context with its peak of publication in 2007 with 6 articles. Members of Orbiliaceae or nematode-trapping fungi were predominantly mentioned in the articles among other fungal taxa such as Arthrobotrys oligospora, Duddingtonia flagrans, and Monacrosporium thaumasium. Proteases, serine proteases, and chitinases were the most investigated enzymes produced by nematophagous fungi, with a topic emphasizing on their utilization and role in biological control against nematodes.
Visitor valuation for natural tourism development in Simarjarunjung, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Purwoko A , Patana P , Ginting S A
Published: December 2022

Ecotourism is a type of tourism that became popular around the 1990s. Indonesia has a variety of unique nature that is good for the development of ecotourism. Most foreign tourists come to Indonesia because of its natural beauty and uniqueness. The increase in the local and national economy is obtained from visits and expenses incurred by tourists, so it must continue to be improved and maintain satisfaction. This study aims to analyze the characteristics, level of visitor satisfaction, and the factors that influence the motivation to visit tourist attractions in the Simarjarunjung area. This study uses descriptive and explanatory methods with a quantitative approach. Score and categorization of satisfaction level in each aspect studied, namely natural scenery, access/affordability, security, facilities, cleanliness, comfort, toilet facilities, road infrastructure, and promotion. Scores for all aspects are also obtained as an overall picture of the level of visitor satisfaction for each category of push and pull factors. From the regression analysis obtained the factors that have a significant effect on the motivation of visitors along with the direction and coefficient value. Aspects of satisfaction and motivation as well as the factors that influence them become important policy briefs for stakeholders to develop nature tourism.
Potential of cellulolytic fungi isolated from the intestine of Asiatic rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros)
Authors: Nasution A F , Munir E , Suryanto D , Yurnaliza Y
Published: December 2022

Cellulose is a potential source of fermentable sugars and a promising cost-effective source for biofuel production. This study aimed to obtain potential cellulolytic fungi from the intestine of Asiatic rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros L.). The cellulolytic fungi were isolated using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media using spread plate method. Qualitative and quantitative screening tests were carried out using 1% of CMC (w/v) as a sole carbon source. Twelve isolates were recovered with varying cellulolytic capabilities. The highest cellulolytic activity was obtained from KOr-15J with an index of 1.93 while KOr-23J produced the lowest cellulolytic index (1.01) based on the qualitative screening. The highest cellulase activity assayed using DNS (3,5-Dinitrosalicylic acid) method revealed KOr-21J with an activity of 0.018 U/mL while three isolates (KOr-16J, KOr-19J and KOr-22J) produced the lowest activity (0.003 U/mL). This study provides multiple verifications of the potential ability of cellulolytic fungi and their cellulase activity in the intestine of Asiatic rhinoceros beetle.
Growth response of black soybean (Glycine max L. Merril) with a multi canopy cropping system on measurement chlorophyll and leaf area index
Authors: Rahmadina R , Nurwahyuni I , Elimasni E , Hanafiah D S
Published: December 2022

Black soybean is one of the sources of food that is needed by the people of Indonesia, but its existence is very limited due to the limited area of production that is suitable for its growth so it results in less than optimal production. This study aims to develop new innovations in soybean planting systems by looking at their vegetative growth in terms of the amount of chlorophyll and leaf area index and whether or not it affects vegetative growth. The method in this study used randomized block design with 3 factorials consisting of 4 different cultivars, spacing, and pruning. The parameters measured in this study were chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll ratio, and leaf area index. The results obtained on the leaf area index found in the cultivar Detam 4 Prida (K4P2J1) with a total of 121, 33 cm while the amount of chlorophyll in the cultivar Detam 4 Prida (K4P1J1) was 6.37 mol/m2. This study concludes that each treatment is very influential on the growth of soybean plants with a multi-canopy planting system, especially on the cultivar type and spacing.