bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A 10‐Year Community‐Based Study of Leucine‐Rich Repeat Kinase 2 G2385R Carriers' Conversion to Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Wang Pei , Pan Jing , Luo Qi , Chen Jie , Tang Huidong , Chen Shengdi , Ma Jianfang
Published: June 2022

Background

The G2385R variant of leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is mainly associated with Parkinson's disease(PD) in Asian populations.

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the PD conversion rate and clinical characteristics of LRRK2 G2385R nonmanifesting carriers.

Methods

All participants were from the community‐based longitudinal cohort of Shanghai Ruijin Hospital. The G2385R carriers and noncarriers were screened by Sanger sequencing and received face‐to‐face interviews at baseline and follow‐up assessments. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to compare the conversion rate of PD. Cox regression models were used to estimate the risk of G2385R variant for PD.

Results

In the combined cohort, 26 (7.9%) people developed PD in 329 carriers versus 9 (2.6%) in 345 noncarriers (P = 0.0016). Cox regression model confirmed that the G2385R variant was a strong risk factor for PD in a Chinese population older than 50 years (hazard ratio, 3.314; 95% confidence interval, 1.551–7.078; P = 0.002). No difference was found in clinical symptoms between carriers and noncarriers.

Conclusions

We confirmed an increased conversion of PD in leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 G2385R carriers during a 10‐year follow‐up. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Using Active Learning to Develop Machine Learning Models for Reaction Yield Prediction
Authors: Viet Johansson Simon , Gummesson Svensson Hampus , Bjerrum Esben , Schliep Alexander , Haghir Chehreghani Morteza , Tyrchan Christian , Engkvist Ola
Published: June 2022

Computer aided synthesis planning, suggesting synthetic routes for molecules of interest, is a rapidly growing field. The machine learning methods used are often dependent on access to large datasets for training, but finite experimental budgets limit how much data can be obtained from experiments. This suggests the use of schemes for data collection such as active learning, which identifies the data points of highest impact for model accuracy, and which has been used in recent studies with success. However, little has been done to explore the robustness of the methods predicting reaction yield when used together with active learning to reduce the amount of experimental data needed for training. This study aims to investigate the influence of machine learning algorithms and the number of initial data points on reaction yield prediction for two public high‐throughput experimentation datasets. Our results show that active learning based on output margin reached a pre‐defined AUROC faster than random sampling on both datasets. Analysis of feature importance of the trained machine learning models suggests active learning had a larger influence on the model accuracy when only a few features were important for the model prediction.
Long noncoding RNA PVT1 accelerates the growth of placental trophoblasts in preeclampsia through the microRNA‐24‐3p/HSD11B2 axis
Authors: Wei Xiaoying , Yuan Yichong , Yang Qiong
Published: June 2022

Long noncoding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) is essential for the maintenance of normal functions of trophoblasts in preeclampsia (PE). This study aims to decipher the concrete mechanism of PVT1 with the microRNA‐24‐3p/Type‐2 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (miR‐24‐3p/HSD11B2) axis in PE. PVT1, miR‐24‐3p, and HSD11B2 expression levels in normal placental tissues and PE placental tissues were defined. HTR‐8/SVneo cells were transfected to determine the effects of PVT1, miR‐24‐3p, and HSD11B2 on the growth of HTR‐8/SVneo cells. The relationships among PVT1/miR‐24‐3p/HSD11B2 in HTR‐8/SVneo cells were identified. PVT1 and HSD11B2 were downregulated, while miR‐24‐3p was upregulated in the placenta of PE. Upregulated/downregulated PVT1 promoted/impeded the growth of human placental trophoblast (HTR‐8/SVneo) cells in PE. Restored/knocked down miR‐24‐3p impeded/enhanced the growth of HTR‐8/SVneo cells in PE. PVT1 inhibited miR‐24‐3p to mediate HSD11B2. PVT1 sponges miR‐24‐3p to regulate HSD11B2; thereby, the growth of placental trophoblasts is promoted in PE.
High‐order multigrid strategies for hybrid high‐order discretizations of elliptic equations
Authors: Di Pietro Daniele A. , Matalon Pierre , Mycek Paul , Rüde Ulrich
Published: June 2022

This study compares various multigrid strategies for the fast solution of elliptic equations discretized by the hybrid high‐order method. Combinations of ‐, ‐, and ‐coarsening strategies are considered, combined with diverse intergrid transfer operators. Comparisons are made experimentally on 2D and 3D test cases, with structured and unstructured meshes, and with nested and non‐nested hierarchies. Advantages and drawbacks of each strategy are discussed for each case to establish simplified guidelines for the optimization of the time to solution.
Effect of CNTNAP2 polymorphism on receptive language in children with autism spectrum disorder without language developmental delay
Authors: Shiota Yuka , Hirosawa Tetsu , Yoshimura Yuko , Tanaka Sanae , Hasegawa Chiaki , Iwasaki Sumie , Sano Masuhiko , An Kyung‐min , Yokoyama Shigeru , Kikuchi Mitsuru
Published: June 2022

Aim

The receptive language ability of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) seems to lag behind expressive language ability. Several autism‐related genes may influence this developmental delay. Polymorphism of one such gene, namely, the contactin‐associated protein‐like 2 gene (CNTNAP2), affects receptive language in individuals with language delay. However, the association between CNTNAP2 polymorphism and receptive language in individuals with no language delay remains unclear.

Methods

We included 59 children with ASD and 57 children with typical development in this study and investigated this association using coarse‐grained exact matching.

Results

We present the first evidence of an association between CNTNAP2 rs2710102 (A‐allele carrier) and reduced receptive language ability in children with ASD whose language development was not delayed. Similarly, among children with typical development, A‐allele carriers had lower receptive language ability, but the difference was non‐significant.

Conclusions

It is possible that the effect of rs2710102 on receptive language ability is larger in the presence of autism‐related genes. Consequently, we speculate that the effect of rs2710102 on receptive language ability would be exerted in combination with other genes. These findings provide new insights into the genetic interactions between mutations associated with common language disorders and ASD and identify molecular mechanisms and risk alleles that contribute to receptive vocabulary. These findings also provide practical guidance in terms of providing candidate genetic markers that may provide opportunities for targeted early intervention to stratify risk and improve prognosis for poor receptive language development in children with ASD.
Postchemotherapy gross residual tumor in non‐high‐risk neuroblastoma: Clinical significance and the role of adjuvant therapy
Authors: Seo Eun Seop , Lim Hana , Cho Hee Won , Ju Hee Young , Lee Ji Won , Yoo Keon Hee , Lee Sanghoon , Lim Do Hoon , Sung Ki Woong , Koo Hong Hoe
Published: June 2022

Background

Although survival rate among patients with non‐high‐risk neuroblastoma is excellent, a gross residual tumor (GRT) is often present at the end of treatment. However, reliable data do not exist on the relevance of a GRT for the risk of progression and the role of adjuvant therapy for patients with GRT.

Methods

A retrospective review of 131 patients with non‐high‐risk neuroblastoma who underwent chemotherapy was performed. GRT was defined as >1 cm3residual soft tissue density on end‐of‐chemotherapy scans. Progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were compared between patients with GRT and those without GRT. A proportional hazards model was also used to assess the effects of GRT and adjuvant therapies, including radiation and isotretinoin therapy on outcomes.

Results

GRT was found in 52 (40%) patients in the study cohort. Correlation was not found between GRT and outcomes (PFS;p = .954, OS;p = .222). In multivariable analysis, GRT remained a nonsignificant predictor of outcome after adjusting for confounders. Local radiation and isotretinoin therapy did not affect outcome for patients with GRT. However, within GRT subgroups, the degree of volume reduction, as well as absolute residual volume in the primary tumor after induction treatment, were significantly associated with outcomes.

Conclusion

GRT in non‐high‐risk neuroblastoma may not indicate active disease that requires additional treatment. However, risk of progression is increased in patients with GRT whose response to treatment was less prominent, thus adjuvant therapy should be reserved only for those patients.
Enhancing structural strength and improving cell survival through Polycaprolactone/(gelatin/hydroxyapatite) Core‐Shell nanofibers for tissue engineering
Authors: Sadeghi Elham , Zebarjad Seyed Mojtaba , Khademi Farzaneh , Bagherzadeh Elham
Published: June 2022

Bone tissue engineering is a practical approach to repairing broken or damaged bones that combines scaffold, cells, and growth factors for treatment. In this study, polycaprolactone (PCL)/gelatin (Ge)/hydroxyapatite (HA) core‐shell nanocomposites have been produced by the coaxial electrospinning method. Coaxial electrospinning is an efficient method for scaffold preparation to provide an interconnected porous fibrous scaffold. The prepared nanocomposite simultaneously benefited from the good mechanical behavior of the core PCL polymer. The desired biological properties also originated from the outer layer of the Ge/HA nanocomposite. Nanofibrous scaffolds' properties were characterized using SEM, TEM, FTIR, TGA, DSC, tensile test, contact angle, and MTT assay. The morphology of the as‐electrospun nanofibers was investigated using SEM and TEM, which revealed a defect‐less fibrous morphology. TEM images showed the core‐shell structure of the prepared scaffold nanofibers. The contact angle test showed that the presence of HA nanoparticles has improved the wettability of fibrous composites. In addition, HA nanoparticles could effectively strengthen the polymer scaffolds. The highest UTS value of 4.1 MPa was obtained in the PCL/(Ge+10%HA) sample. The cytotoxicity results revealed that the prepared scaffolds were utterly biocompatible. Moreover, significant cell proliferation of osteosarcoma cells was observed at high HA contents. The interconnected pores allowed cells to migrate into the scaffolds and grow inside. Based on the obtained results, PCL/(Ge/ HA) core‐shell nanofibers could be a promising candidate for bone scaffolds.
Investigate of shock wave mitigation performance of nano‐carbon fillers modified epoxy composites
Authors: Ma Dong , Wang Cheng , Xu Wenlong , Jia Shiyu
Published: June 2022

Polymer composites are considered to be the most effective materials in mitigating shock waves. Efforts are made in this work to improve shock wave mitigation performance of polymer composites. Epoxy resin (EP) with nano‐carbon fillers, including fullerene (FL), graphene (GP), and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) were prepared through solution casting method. A variety of testing methods, including transmission electron microscope (TEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), shock tube test, have been introduced to investigate the reaction process, dynamic mechanical properties and shock wave mitigation performance of epoxy composites. The results shown that different nano‐carbon fillers lead to differences of spatial and reactivity in EP matrix. The addition of nano‐carbon materials is conducive to improve the shock wave mitigation ability of EP. EP with GP fillers show the best enhancement for the shock wave mitigation in shock tube test. With same addition amount of nano‐carbon fillers, shock wave peak pressure of EP with FL fillers (EP‐FL), EP with CNT fillers (EP‐CNT), and EP with GP fillers (EP‐GP) decreased by 16.5%, 29.6%, and 31.7% in comparison with EP, respectively.
Machine learning analysis of dynamic‐dependent bond formation in trajectories with consecutive transition states
Authors: Melville Jesse , Hargis Cal , Davenport Michael T. , Hamilton R. Spencer , Ess Daniel H.
Published: June 2022

Dynamic motion often controls selectivity in reactions featuring two consecutive potential‐energy transition states. Here we report density functional theory (DFT)‐based direct dynamics trajectories and machine learning classification analysis for cyclopentadienone dimerization and a N2 extrusion reaction leading to semibullvalene. These reactions have consecutive transition states, and there is dynamic selectivity that determines which of two possible C‐C bonds is formed after the first transition state. For cyclopentadienone dimerization with a bispericyclic first transition state, machine learning analysis using transition‐state based features provided >90% trajectory classification accuracy, but only using AdaBoost and random forest algorithms. Many other relatively sophisticated machine learning algorithms showed poor accuracy despite the obvious motion responsible for selectivity. Feature importance analysis confirmed that the sigmatropic rearrangement vibrational motion in the bispericyclic transition state provides prediction of which of the second C‐C bonds is dynamically formed. For the reaction leading to semibullvalene, machine learning analysis provides solid accuracy for classifying trajectories and predicting which C‐C bond is formed and which C‐C bond is broken immediately after N2 ejection. Like the cyclopentadienone dimerization reaction, machine learning feature importance analysis showed that the sigmatropic rearrangement vibrational motion in the N2 extrusion transition state determines which C‐C bond is formed and which is broken. Surprisingly, machine learning struggles to predict which trajectories undergo a subsequent [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangement process, which isomerizes equivalent forms of semibullvalene.
Abnormal platelet aggregation in pediatric pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Handler Stephanie S. , Jin Jing , Ogawa Michelle T. , Feinstein Jeffrey A. , Lo Clara
Published: June 2022

Endogenous prostacyclin stimulates pulmonary vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation. For the synthetic analog treprostinil, used in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension (PH), conflicting, anecdotal evidence exists regarding its effects on clinically relevant platelet function. This study investigated whether treprostinil therapy results in inhibition of platelet aggregation in pediatric PH patients. This is a single institution, prospective, cohort study. Pediatric patients ≤18 years of age on medical therapy for PH underwent platelet function testing by light transmission aggregometry with U‐46619—a stable analog of endoperoxide prostaglandin H2, exhibiting properties similar to thromboxane A2 (TXA2). Results were compared for those on continuous treprostinil therapy (TRE) versus those on other, non‐prostacyclin therapies (non‐TRE). Thirty‐five patients were enrolled: 18 in the TRE group and 17 in the non‐TRE group. There was no difference in platelet aggregation abnormalities between the two groups: 44% (n = 8) in the TRE group and 41% (n = 7) in the non‐TRE group were abnormal. Furthermore, subgroup analysis showed no difference based on treprostinil dosing. This study demonstrated similar, moderately high rates of abnormal platelet aggregation in pediatric PH patients on continuous treprostinil therapy compared to those on other, non‐prostacyclin therapies. The high rate of abnormal platelet aggregation in the entire cohort, however, warrants follow‐up study to identify a potential inherent risk in this population.
Distributed observer based event‐triggered affine formation maneuver control for underactuated surface vessels with positive minimum inter‐event times
Authors: Zhou Bin , Huang Bing , Mao Lei , Zhu Cheng , Su Yumin
Published: June 2022

This article investigates the distributed event‐triggered affine formation maneuver control problem for multiple underactuated surface vessel (USV) systems with positive minimum inter‐event times (MIET). Unlike common formation control methods that only ensure the formation system to keep a fixed geometric shape, the proposed scheme enables multiple USVs maneuver as a group in translation, shearing, rotation, or combinations of them. The proposed control strategy is composed of two parts. First, a distributed event‐triggered observer (DETO) is proposed to observe the time‐varying target formation under the lack of global leaders' information and govern the inter‐vessel communications among the formation group. Besides, the MIET of the designed communication strategy is proved to be strictly positive and computable from formation configurations and control parameters. With these guarantees, the maximum communication frequency can be known in advance. Then, upon the DETO signals, the adaptive local tracking controller is subsequently synthesized for each vessel to realize the target formation track. Rigorous theoretical analysis and simulation results are finally conducted to verify the validness and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
A Stereoselective, Base‐free, Palladium‐Catalyzed Heck Coupling Between 3‐halo‐1,4‐Naphthoquinones and Vinyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐Triazoles
Authors: Costa Dora C. S. , da S. M. Forezi Luana , Lessa Milena D. , Delarmelina Maicon , Matuck Beatriz V. A. , Freitas Maria Clara R. , Ferreira Vitor F. , de C. Resende Jackson A. L. , de M. Carneiro José Walkimar , de C. da Silva Fernando
Published: June 2022

A stereoselective, base‐free Heck coupling between 1,4‐naphthoquinone and 1H‐1,2,3‐triazole derivatives was reported for the first time. This study shows that depending on the 1,4‐naphthoquinone, the use of an additional base is unnecessary to produce the naphthoquinone‐triazole conjugates. This is also the first example of a Heck coupling of these two cores without using a base as an additive. In this work, sixteen new naphthoquinone‐triazole hybrids were stereoselectively synthetized in good to excellent yields. The reaction mechanism was discussed based on DFT CAM−B3LYP calculations. The first step is the coordination of the arene to the palladium catalyst to form a palladacycle intermediate. After reorganization in this intermediate, the double bond in the arene is restored to proceed with the coupling step and formation of the C−C bond in the rate determining step. The Kozuchi‐Shaik span model was employed to rationalize substituent effects.
Microfluidic Production of Zwitterion Coating Microcapsules with Low Foreign Body Reactions for Improved Islet Transplantation
Authors: Xiao Zhisheng , Wei Ting , Ge Ruiliang , Li Qiaofeng , Liu Bo , Ji Zhaoxin , Chen Linfu , Zhu Junjie , Shen Jingjing , Liu Zhuang , Huang Yueye , Yang Yang , Chen Qian
Published: June 2022

Islet transplantation is a promising strategy for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) treatment, whereas implanted‐associated foreign body reaction (FBR) usually induces the necrosis of transplanted islets and leads to the failure of glycemic control. Benefiting from the excellent anti‐biofouling property of zwitterionic materials and their successful application in macroscopic implanted devices, microcapsules with zwitterionic coatings may be promising candidates for islet encapsulation. Herein, a series of zwitterion‐coated core–shell microcapsules is fabricated (including carboxybetaine methacrylate [CBMA]‐coated gelatin methacrylate [GelMA] [CBMA‐GelMA], sulfobetaine methacrylate [SBMA]‐coated GelMA [SBMA‐GelMA], and phosphorylcholine methacrylate [MPC]‐coated GelMA [MPC‐GelMA]) by one‐step photopolymerization of inner GelMA and outer zwitterionic monomers via a handmade two‐fluid microfluidic device and it is demonstrated that they can effectively prevent protein adsorption, cell adhesion, and inflammation in vitro. Interestingly, the zwitterionic microcapsules successfully resist FBR in C57BL/6 mice after intraperitoneal implantation for up to 4 months. After successfully encapsulating xenogeneic rat islets in the SBMA‐GelMA microcapsules, sustained normoglycemia is further validated in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced mice for up to 3 months. The zwitterion‐modified microcapsule using a microfluidic device may represent a platform for cell encapsulation treatment for T1DM and other hormone‐deficient diseases.
Cascading Photoelectric Detecting and Chemiresistive Gas‐Sensing Properties of Pb5S2I6 Nanowire Mesh for Multi‐Factor Accurate Fire Alarm
Authors: Huang Gui‐Qian , Jin Ying‐Xue , Luo Shao‐Zhen , Fu Zhi‐Hua , Wang Guan‐E , Xu Gang
Published: June 2022

Accurate fire warning is very important for people's life and property safety. The most commonly used fire alarm is based on the detection of a single factor of gases, smoke particles, or temperature, which easily causes false alarm due to complex environmental conditions. A facile multi‐factor route for fabricating an accurate analog fire alarm using a Pb5S2I6 nanowire mesh based on its photoelectric and gas‐sensing dual function is presented. The Pb5S2I6 nanowire mesh presents excellent photoelectric detection capabilities and is sensitive to ppm‐level NO2 at room temperature. Under the “two‐step verification” circuit of light and gas factors, the bimodal simulation fire alarm based on this Pb5S2I6 nanowire mesh can resist the interference of complex environmental factors and effectively reduce the false alarm rate.
Early‐phase risk assessments during the first epidemic year of African swine fever outbreaks in Vietnamese pigs
Authors: Mai Ngan Thi , Tuyen Le Anh , Van Truong Le , Huynh Le Thi My , Huong Pham Thi Lan , Hanh Vu Duc , Anh Vu Viet , Hoa Nguyen Xuan , Vui Tran Quang , Sekiguchi Satoshi
Published: June 2022

Background

African swine fever (ASF) is a notifiable viral disease of pigs and wild boars that could lead to serious economic losses for the swine industry.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to identify risk factors in the early phase of ASF outbreaks in Vietnamese swine herds during the first epidemic year.

Methods

The period of interest for this case–control study was February to July 2019. A questionnaire was administered in northern Vietnam where all early cases of ASF were reported. Producers of herds with reported cases were asked to provide information starting from the day of onset of clinical signs as well as 30 days prior to that day. The period of interest for controls was within the 6 months of the first outbreak in Vietnam (February 2019). Questionnaires included 55 questions; responses were received from 67 cases and 115 controls. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with ASF status.

Results

Thirty‐seven variables of interest (among a total of 55 variables) were associated with ASF status in univariate analysis (p < 0.05). These 37 variables were assessed for inclusion in the multivariate analysis by backward stepwise selection. Six variables remained significant as ASF risk factors in the final model: distance to farm within 500 m, distance of irrigation systems within 200 m, total number of pigs (≤500), absence of dressing rooms for workers/visitors before entering the farm, poor hygienic practices for people within the farm, and poor hygienic practices at pig loading/unloading locations.

Conclusions

These results may help in understanding the epidemiology of ASF in Vietnam and provide a scientific basis for optimization of current interventions and development of new tools and strategies to reduce transmission of ASF.
Correction to: Working-Class Women Living Religion in Finland at the Turn of the Twentieth Century
Authors: Markkola Pirjo
Published: June 2022

The footnote number 10 in Pirjo Markkola’s chapter, page 222 in the book, 10 Katajala-Peltomaa & Toivo, “Introduction to Medieval and Early Modern,” 11-13; Koselleck, Futures Past, 267-76; Kivimäki, “Reittejä Kokemushistoriaan,” 17-19; Berger & Luckmann, The Social Construction, 54-56, 85-89 has been corrected to10 Katajala-Peltomaa & Toivo, “Introduction to Medieval and Early Modern,” 11-13; Koselleck, Futures Past, 267-76; Kivimäki, “Reittejä Kokemushistoriaan,” 17-19; Berger & Luckmann, The Social Construction, 54-56, 85-89; Within HEX, ’scene of experience’ as a theoretical concept has been developed by Minna Harjula and Heikki Kokko.
Anachronic Entanglements: Archaeological Traces and the Event in Beowulf
Authors: Johnston Andrew James
Published: June 2022

This article provides a reading of archaeological traces in Beowulf that shows how the epic deals with and makes use of the notion of an always-already absent presence not in the singular, but in the plural. Through negotiating the notion of the trace, the epic produces a palimpsestic interplay between various levels and layers of absence-cum-presence—layers of temporality that are imagined, however, in very material terms. This layered, archaeological idea of temporality contributes to generating a complex notion of history. In particular, this article is interested in the ways in which, within the poem, the networks of traces associated with a given object may, in fact, help to constitute a specific concept of the historical event. In Beowulf, this essay argues, a historical event is characterized as such through the particular density and complexity of the entangled traces that mark it in a manner that resembles what Carolyn Dinshaw has called ‘multiple temporalities’. The epic thus conceives of an event in terms of a node that binds together a multiplicity of traces, and hence, a multiplicity of entangled temporalities.
Individual Psychotherapy
Authors: Kaluarachchi Tharushi , Sarmiento Karen , Modini Matt , Mather Nina
Published: June 2022

Adolescents admitted to the Walker Unit often present with complex mental health issues that have not responded well to previous treatment. Therefore, treatment at the Walker Unit requires flexibility within standard treatment approaches. This includes finding creative ways of building rapport, exploring difficult themes and negotiating achievable goals. The organisational set-up of the unit allows for increased frequency and flexibility with therapy sessions. Clinicians who deliver individual psychotherapy may also interact with the young person in other roles on the unit, which challenges the traditional notion of a singular patient-therapist relationship. In this chapter, we explore specific aspects of delivering psychotherapy to a severely unwell patient population.
Speech and Language Therapy
Authors: Jones Kelly
Published: June 2022

There is a multi-directional relationship between communication difficulties and mental health. A young person with a language disorder may fall behind at school, have difficulty maintaining appropriate peer relationships and have trouble expressing their internal experience. This can result in adverse mental health outcomes. Conversely, a mental health condition which leads to a young person not attending school and withdrawing from family and friends alters the environmental input they receive in terms of speech, language and social communication; they may therefore fall behind in these areas. It is also important to recognise that communication impairments are inherent in a number of mental health conditions—for example, marked changes to speech rate and language content in psychoses.
Formulation and Case Review
Authors: Hazell Philip
Published: June 2022

A formulation integrates information derived about a patient to inform diagnosis and management. Cases referred to the Walker Unit are complex, and are likely to have been reformulated many times in the light of new information, and in response to evolution in the clinical problem. After a period of observation, assessment and investigation, the multidisciplinary team develops a formulation using a Five P structure, and identifies the patient’s strengths and vulnerabilities. The process informs the development of a management plan which is presented to the patient and family for comment and endorsement. The process is repeated at six to eight weekly intervals throughout the admission. In addition, weekly case review meetings occur to examine progress against treatment goals, and to fine tune the management plan.
Learning Centre and School Reintegration
Authors: Feijo Isabelle , Hoare Steve , Scali Amanda , Shumack Jennifer
Published: June 2022

The Learning Centre is an important part of the Walker Unit Program as it provides structure to the day and helps the young person to regain confidence in their cognitive ability after often a long absence in education and learning, and it supports the young person in the transition to an appropriate educational setting after discharge.
Group Therapies
Authors: Nielsen Fran , Kwan Polly , Mather Nina
Published: June 2022

The group therapy programme at the Walker Unit uses a multimodal approach including verbal, non-verbal, and physical elements. The programme draws on expertise from a range of professional disciplines. The group programme provides therapeutic clinical intervention rather than activity or distraction-based programmes, providing structure and containment as well as cultivating engagement in the therapeutic process and therapy skill building, navigating interpersonal dynamics. Being in a contained unit, the spaces on the ward are also used to facilitate a therapeutic environment during groups. Toward the end of the admissions adolescents and their families may adopt a similarly structured programme or routine including skills and strategies, to assist with their transition from hospital and maintain therapeutic gains achieved from their admission.
Exploring the effects of scalar non standard interactions on the CP violation sensitivity at DUNE
Authors: Medhi Abinash , Dutta Debajyoti , Devi Moon Moon
Published: June 2022

Abstract

The Neutrino oscillations have provided an excellent opportunity to study new-physics beyond the Standard Model, popularly known as BSM. The unknown couplings involving neutrinos, termed non-standard interactions (NSI), may appear as ‘new-physics’ in different neutrino experiments. The neutrino NSI offers significant effects on neutrino oscillations and CP-sensitivity, which may be probed in various neutrino experiments. The idea of neutrinos coupling with a scalar has evolved recently and looks promising. The effects of scalar NSI may appear as a perturbation to the neutrino mass matrix in the neutrino Hamiltonian. It modifies the neutrino mass matrix and may provide a direct possibility of probing neutrino mass models. As the scalar NSI affects the neutrino mass matrix in the Hamiltonian, its effect is energy independent. Moreover, the matter effects due to scalar NSI scales linearly with the matter density.

In this work, we have performed a model-independent study of the effects of scalar NSI at long baseline neutrino experiments, taking DUNE as a case study. We have performed such a thorough study for DUNE for the first time. Various neutrino parameters may get affected due to the inclusion of scalar NSI as it modifies the effective mass matrix of neutrinos. We have explored the impact of scalar NSI in neutrino oscillations and its impact on the measurements of various mixing parameters. We have probed the effects of scalar NSI on different oscillation channels relevant to the experiment. We have also explored the impact of various possible elements in the scalar NSI term on the CP-violation sensitivity at DUNE.
Endovaskuläre Aortenreparatur bei Endoleaks
Authors: Hauck Sven Rudolf , Schernthaner Rüdiger , Dachs Theresa-Marie , Kern Maximilian , Funovics Martin
Published: June 2022

Sämtliche Patienten nach endovaskulärer Versorgung eines Aortenaneurysmas bedürfen einer regelmäßigen Nachkontrolle, zumeist in jährlichem Abstand. Der kontrastmittelverstärkte Ultraschall und die Computertomographie-Angiographie (CTA) sind die wichtigsten diagnostischen Modalitäten für die Erkennung von Endoleaks. Die (CTA) erlaubt eine bessere Unterscheidung der verschiedenen Endoleak-Typen. Sogenannte Hochdruck-Endoleaks (Typ I und Typ III) stellen, wenn sich nicht kurzzeitig ein Spontanverschluss zeigt, eine absolute Indikation zur Nachbehandlung dar. Typ-II-Endoleaks weisen in der Mehrzahl einen benignen Verlauf auf. Wenn kein Wachstum des Aneurysmasacks erfolgt, kann eine Nachkontrolle im gewohnten Intervall durchgeführt werden. Typ-II-Endoleaks mit assoziiertem Wachstum des Aneurysmasacks können durch Embolisation der verantwortlichen Gefäße behandelt werden. Ob eine Behandlung immer durchgeführt werden muss, ist umstritten. Eine Behandlungsindikation von einem Typ-II-Endoleak mit wachsendem Aneurysmasack ist jedoch gegeben, wenn durch eine Verkürzung des Aneurysmahalses ein sekundäres Typ-I-Endoleak droht. Typ-I-Endoleaks stellen die Hauptlimitation der Stentgraft-Therapie dar. Die beste Prävention eines Typ-I-Endoleaks ist die Bereitstellung einer adäquaten proximalen Landezone. Dies kann durchaus bedeuten, dass fenestrierte Stentgrafts verwendet werden müssen. Die Verwendung von Schrauben oder anderen Fixationsinstrumenten zur sicheren Behandlung auch kurzer Hälse ist derzeit noch in der Studienphase.
The news framing of artificial intelligence: a critical exploration of how media discourses make sense of automation
Authors: Nguyen Dennis , Hekman Erik
Published: June 2022

Analysing how news media portray A.I. reveals what interpretative frameworks around the technology circulate in public discourses. This allows for critical reflections on the making of meaning in prevalent narratives about A.I. and its impact. While research on the public perception of datafication and automation is growing, only a few studies investigate news framing practices. The present study connects to this nascent research area by charting A.I. news frames in four internationally renowned media outlets: The New York Times, The Guardian, Wired, and Gizmodo. The main goals are to identify dominant emphasis frames in AI news reporting over the past decade, to explore whether certain A.I. frames are associated with specific data risks (surveillance, data bias, cyber-war/cyber-crime, and information disorder), and what journalists and experts contribute to the media discourse. An automated content analysis serves for inductive frame detection (N = 3098), identification of risk references (dictionary-based), and network analysis of news writers. The results show how A.I.’s ubiquity emerged rapidly in the mid-2010s, and that the news discourse became more critical over time. It is further argued that A.I. news reporting is an important factor in building critical data literacy among lay audiences.
Modifiable factors influencing length of stay after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Missmann Martin , Grenier Jean-Pascal , Raas Christoph
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This cohort study aims to investigate the current Rapid-Recovery-(RR)-pathway at an orthopaedic surgery hospital centre and to identify preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors that are significantly associated with prolonged hospital Length of Stay (LOS) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Method

A total of 194 patients undergoing primary TKA were included in this retrospective study. Sociodemographic data documented were age, gender, body mass index, living situation, and the clinical diagnosis. Factors affecting patient constitution and laboratory data for serum level of Hb and CRP were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively. In addition, we collected patients’ data for attendance of patient education, planned discharge to rehabilitation facilities, and levels of postoperative pain.

Results

In univariate group comparisons, prolonged LOS was significantly associated with increased age, elevated C-reactive-Protein-level, and decreased haemoglobin level. Patients experiencing prolonged LOS also showed significant association with higher prevalence of comorbidities, female gender, living as widow, preoperative anticoagulation, requirement of blood transfusion, and planned discharge to rehabilitation facilities. However, after multivariate logistic regression, only planned discharge to rehabilitation facility, non-attendance of preoperative patient education, female gender, and increased pain levels were identified as significant predictors for prolonged LOS.

Conclusion

Efficient pain therapy and thorough patient education have a positive effect on treatment outcome after TKA in a RR-setting.
Wave power trends along the U.S. coastline: in situ measurements and model hindcast estimates
Authors: Hall Candice , Jensen Robert E. , Wang David W.
Published: June 2022

Observational data are successfully assessed to investigate wave power (wave energy flux per unit of wave-crest) trends within four coastal regions around the US, a parameter that is deemed vital to those responsible for coastal protection and community resilience. This study tests for shifting observational inter-annual wave power trends using a newly developed, unique, United States Army Corps of Engineers Quality Controlled Consistent Measurement Archive, and offers a viable methodology to remove documented observational time series data discontinuations. This study is one of the first to show spatially and temporally comparative observational and model wave power results, providing new information on the accuracy of model wave power estimates, while showcasing in situ wave power trends at 29 sites around the U.S. coastline. Overall, the majority of the eastern Pacific Ocean and Hawaii wave power trends are downward, with mixed slope wave power trends apparent within the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. Observational and model results are similar with respect to timing, but not magnitude, of wave power peaks in long-term inter-annual trends, with the moored buoy data presenting smaller wave power ranges for two (eastern Pacific Ocean and Hawaii) of the four regions. Additionally, the detection of a noticeable variability in the wave power trend direction within each region suggests that site-specific wave power trends should not be generalised to represent a large region. This work demonstrates that observational data are essential in local and regional wave climate studies to accurately estimate wave power for coastal planners and engineers.
Tilting Modules and Exceptional Sequences for a Family of Dual Extension Algebras
Authors: Persson Westin Elin , Thuresson Markus
Published: June 2022

We provide a classification of generalized tilting modules and full exceptional sequences for a certain family of quasi-hereditary algebras, namely dual extension algebras of path algebras of uniformly oriented linear quivers, modulo the ideal generated by paths of length two, with their opposite algebra. An important step in the classification is to prove that all indecomposable self-orthogonal modules (with respect to extensions of positive degree) admit a filtration with standard subquotients or a filtration with costandard subquotients. Furthermore, we prove that that every generalized tilting module, not equal to the characteristic tilting modules, admits either a filtration with standard subquotients or a filtration with costandard subquotients. Since the algebras studied in this article admit a simple-preserving duality, combining these two statements reduces the problem to classifying generalized tilting modules admitting a filtration with standard subquotients. To finalize the classification of generalized tilting modules we develop a combinatorial model for the poset of indecomposable self-orthogonal modules with standard filtration with respect to the relation arising from higher extensions. This model is also used for the classification of full exceptional sequences.
Synthetic observations using POLARIS: an application to simulations of massive prestellar cores
Authors: Zamponi Joaquin , Giannetti Andrea , Bovino Stefano , Sabatini Giovanni , Schleicher Dominik R. G. , Körtgen Bastian , Reissl Stefan , Wolf Sebastian
Published: June 2022

Young massive stars are usually found embedded in dense and massive molecular clumps which are known for being highly obscured and distant. During their formation process, the degree of deuteration can be used as a potential indicator of the very early formation stages. This is particularly effective when employing the abundance of H2D+. However, its low abundances and large distances make detections in massive sources hard to achieve. We present an application of the radiative transfer code POLARIS, with the goal to test the observability of the ortho-H2D+ transition $1_{10}$

1

10

-$1_{11}$

1

11

(∼372.42 GHz) using simulations of high-mass collapsing cores that include deuteration chemistry. We analyzed an early and a late stage of the collapse of a 60 M⊙ core, testing different source distances. For all cases, we generated synthetic single-dish and interferometric observations and studied the differences in both techniques. The column densities we derive are comparable to values reported for similar sources. These estimates depend on the extent over which they are averaged, and sources with compact emission they can be highly affected by beam dilution. Combined ALMA-ACA observations improve in signal-to-noise ratio and lead to better column density estimates as compared to ALMA alone. We confirm the feasibility to study ortho-H2D+ emission up to distances of ∼7 kpc. We provide a proof-of-concept of our framework for synthetic observations and highlight its importance when comparing numerical simulations with real observations. This work also proves how relevant it is to combine single-dish and interferometric measurements to derive appropriate source column densities.
Intraperitoneal drug delivery systems releasing cytostatic agents to target gastro-intestinal peritoneal metastases in laboratory animals: a systematic review
Authors: Wintjens Anne G. W. E. , Simkens Geert A. , Fransen Peter-Paul K. H. , Serafras Narcis , Lenaerts Kaatje , Franssen Gregor H. L. M. , de Hingh Ignace H. J. T. , Dankers Patricia Y. W. , Bouvy Nicole D. , Peeters Andrea
Published: June 2022

For peritoneal metastases (PM), there are few curative treatment options, and they are only available for a select patient group. Recently, new therapies have been developed to deliver intraperitoneal chemotherapy for a prolonged period, suitable for a larger patient group. These drug delivery systems (DDSs) seem promising in the experimental setting. Many types of DDSs have been explored in a variety of animal models, using different cytostatics. This review aimed to provide an overview of animal studies using DDSs containing cytostatics for the treatment of gastro-intestinal PM and identify the most promising therapeutic combinations. The review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) guidelines. The 35 studies included revealed similar results: using a cytostatic-loaded DDS to treat PM resulted in a higher median survival time (MST) and a lower intraperitoneal tumor load compared to no treatment or treatment with a ‘free’ cytostatic or an unloaded DDS. In 65% of the studies, the MST was significantly longer and in 24% the tumor load was significantly lower in the animals treated with cytostatic-loaded DDS. The large variety of experimental setups made it impossible to identify the most promising DDS-cytostatic combination. In most studies, the risk of bias was unclear due to poor reporting. Future studies should focus more on improving the clinical relevance of the experiments, standardizing the experimental study setup, and improving their methodological quality and reporting.
Mortality in adult children of parents with alcohol use disorder: a nationwide register study
Authors: Westman Jeanette , Jayaram-Lindström Nitya , Kane Kimberly , Franck Johan , Gissler Mika
Published: June 2022

Research suggests that adult children of parents with harmful alcohol use are at increased risk for premature death. This national cohort study investigated mortality in adult children of parents with alcohol use disorder (AUD), adjusting for sociodemographic variables. The study used 1973 to 2018 data from Swedish national registers to compare mortality risk in children who had ≥ 1 parent with AUD (ICD-10 code F10 and its ICD-8 and ICD-9 equivalents) (n = 122,947) and those who did not (n = 2,298,532). A Cox regression model adjusted for year of birth, sex, parental education, and childhood loss of a parent was used. Before the age of 18 years, about 5% of children born in Sweden lived with ≥ 1 parent who had a clinical diagnosis of AUD. Overall mortality was higher in adult children of parents with AUD: hazard ratio (HR) 1.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.71–1.82. Mortality remained elevated after adjustments for sociodemographic factors (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.40–1.50). Children of parents with AUD had increased mortality from all investigated causes. The highest excess risk was for death from drug-related causes (excluding accidental poisonings) (HR 3.08, 95% CI 2.74–3.46). For most causes, mortality was higher if the mother had AUD than if the father had AUD. Patterns of mortality were similar in both sexes. This study provides evidence that parental AUD raises the risk of offspring mortality from preventable causes such as drug use, suicide (HR 2.16, 95% CI 1.98–2.36), accident (HR 2.00, 95% CI 1.87–2.13), and assault (HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.38–2.24).
The comparative mortality of an elite group in the long run of history: an observational analysis of politicians from 11 countries
Authors: Clarke Philip M. , Tran-Duy An , Roope Laurence S. J. , Stiles Jay A. , Barnett Adrian G.
Published: June 2022

This study aims to compare the mortality rate and life expectancy of politicians with those of the age and gender-matched general populations. This was an observational analysis of mortality rates of politicians (i.e. members of national parliaments with available data on dates of birth, death and election, gender, and life tables) in 11 developed countries. Politicians were followed from date of first election until either death or the last available year with life table data. Relative mortality differences were estimated using standardised mortality ratios (SMRs). Absolute inequalities were quantified as the difference in survival by deducting a population’s remaining life expectancy from politicians’ remaining life expectancy at age 45, estimated using Gompertz parametric proportional hazards models. We included 57,561 politicians (with follow-up ranging from 1816–2016 for France to 1949–2017 for Germany). In almost all countries politicians had similar rates of mortality to the general population in the early part of the twentieth century. Relative mortality and survival differences (favouring politicians) increased considerably over the course of the twentieth century, with recent SMRs ranging from 0.45 (95%CI 0.41–0.50) in Italy to 0.82 (95%CI 0.69–0.95) in New Zealand. The peak life expectancy gaps ranged from 4.4 (95% CI, 3.5–5.4) years in the Netherlands to 7.8 (95% CI, 7.2–8.4) years in the US. Our results show large relative and absolute inequalities favouring politicians in every country. In some countries, such as the US, relative inequalities are at the greatest level in over 150 years.