bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social and economic aspects of environmental problems in the globalized world
Authors: Gudmanian Artur , Yahodzinskyi Sergiy , Koshetar Uliana , Orochovska Liudmyla
Published: May 2020

Globalization is the phenomenon that has made quite a loud statement about itself during the last decades of the 20th century and found its representation in the formation of global economic, financial, cultural, legal, and political areas. Having been the conglomerate of various national states for thousands of years, the world’s social, economic, ecological, cultural space is now transforming into space without borders. The formation of global economic relations, ecological, demographic challenges can’t be solved individually, with local measures and means. In the second half of the 20th century, the world faced global problems and crises (ecological, demographic, reorganization of the economic and political world order), which have become the challenges that can’t be solved with the help of local actions. The global community is forced to raise issues about the ecologization of the entire industrial activity taking into account its consequences at all levels: local, national, and international. That’s what common threats and problems require. The sustainable development paradigm requires both reviewing and changing the “human-nature” system and realizing the necessity of preserving nature for ensuring the existence of the next generations. Sustainable development is to provide the transfer to a new economic type – the green economy, which requires significant investments, particularly in the renewable-energy industry, industrial waste treatment, restoration of soil fertility, preservation of forests.
Theoretical foundations of the impact of documentation on urbanization and territory development
Authors: Merkuryeva Kristina , Kryakhtunov Alexander
Published: May 2020

In an urban environment, the issue of the organization and development of spaces is particularly relevant and significant. The purpose of the study is to determine the role and importance of the preparation of urban planning and land management documentation in the process of development of the territory and urbanization. It is noted that the process of territorial development entails an increase in business, social, and, at the same time, construction activity. So, there is a need to improve infrastructure, development, reconstruction, as well as ensuring an acceptable ecological state of the environment. As a result of the analysis, the author concludes that in order to achieve significant results in the field of urban planning, the use of tools in the form of developed and approved urban planning and land management documentation is required, which will effectively organize the urban planning industry, thereby overcoming numerous and intractable social issues, and also contribute to raising quality of life.
Sustainable regional social protection system
Authors: Suptelo Natalia , Sobol Tatyana , Rubtsova Ekaterina , Fokina Olga
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this article is to develop directions for transforming the regional social protection system. The regions with a large imbalance in the population structure are very vulnerable. The study focuses on the analysis of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (YNAO), as it differs in a specific labor market with a large number of shift workers. The result of the study was the identification of priority areas for the regional social protection system development. The analyzed foreign experience also showed the need to involve retirees in the labor activity.
The motivation to run in a marathon
Authors: Simasathiansophon Nalin
Published: May 2020

The trend of marathon running is becoming popular in a modern day. This is, perhaps, because of the tourism policy promoted by the government as well as the behavioral changes toward health concerning among people. The outdoor running event has been organized by many countries around the world. The running events brink a number of touriststo a country and, consequently,increase the revenue. This study, therefore, focus on this interesting topic in order to exploit how runners have been motivated to participate in the marathon event. The researcher applied multistage sampling method to select the respondents. There were three locations selected with 15 runners given an in-depth interview for those locations. The semi-structure interview questions have been used to get information about motivation to run of those respondents. The result showed that there are four main themes of motivation. The first element was mental motivation where the desire to fulfill the mental needs is the key. The second element, physical motivation, referred to how people maintain their physical health condition. This included the exercising level, gaining the energy as well as losing weight. The third motivation was societal motivation. It deals with how the runners perceived social norms. Lastly, environmental motivation accounts how standardized the event is and the quality of service of the organizers. Surprisingly, the result states that the environmental motivation does not have high motivation level to runners. This was, perhaps, the runners tend to focus on their physical motivation rather than the marathon event itself.
False messages in scientific publics using the example of Russian social network Vkontakte
Authors: Alexander Fedyukovsky
Published: May 2020

Information and communication technologies form, in different ways, the modern person’s world picture. Despite huge educational possibilities of the Internet, the information flowing to the person through most commonly used channels, like social networks, can not be described as completely representing real facts. This problem is well considered in terms of policy, but the reliability or inaccuracy of the scientific information in social networks is studied little. This paper analyzes the degree of reliability of scientific facts contained in Russian social network VKontakte. The results show that more than half of messages (57 %) in publics called scientific do not contain scientific information, and 32.4 % of the others contain not completely true information. The inaccuracy degree can vary considerably. It is possible to distinguish its following types: Inaccuracies, Exaggerations, Incomplete information, False attribution, Representing creative works as real, Gross errors in actual understanding. The analysis of false facts in scientific public shows that more often the facts are misrepresented to surprise, for the sake of this, numerical indicators are exaggerated, information partially disappears or misrepresented to look exclusive. There is an interesting trend of using "photoproofs" mismatching the text in time, place or general understanding, or just shots from films or works of art (in particular, digital art).
The evaluation of university’s impact on «human resource potential» of alumni
Authors: Obukhova Iuliia , Popov Dmitrii , Tanova Anna , Fokina Veronika
Published: May 2020

This paper considers university educational environment to be an important factor in the development of students' organizational and managerial competence. The authors discuss the approaches to the educational environment of the university, analyze its parameters and characteristics and study the connection between the developmental educational environment and a high level of managerial competence attained by technical university graduates. The authors rely on the environmental approach which allows them to assess the impact of the educational environment on students' organizational and managerial competence taking into account the analysis of empirical data obtained by monitoring methods of sociological research. This method also made it possible to improve self-organization and self-management skills of students and to achieve a high level of resilience both on the environmental and personal level.
Modern aspects of the implementation of interactive technologies in a multidisciplinary university
Authors: Odinokaya Maria , Andreeva Antonina , Mikhailova Olga , Petrov Mikhail , Pyatnitsky Nikolai
Published: May 2020

The article discusses modern aspects of the implementation of interactive technologies in a multidisciplinary university. The characteristic features of interactive technologies are described, the feasibility of their use in the educational process is substantiated. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of the didactic potential of interactive technologies in a higher educational institution. The importance of interactive technologies in comparison with traditional teaching methods is discussed, which allows organizing effective interaction of all participants in the educational process, planning joint work, correctly allocating resources, and providing the necessary tools for solving educational problems. In conclusion, it is determined that interactive technologies contain great potential for their application in the educational process of a multidisciplinary university, which requires further study, including the development of software and methodological support.
Increase in energetic and exploitation stability of solar systems with array of flat collectors
Authors: Kurasov Ilya , Shchukina Tatiana , Zherlykina Mariya , Potekhin Igor
Published: May 2020

With the account of modern requirements of energy saving each year increase actuality of technologies of use solar energy to decrease energy consumption. Multifunctional utilization of solar radiation make able much more degree in autonomy the energy supply of buildings, that main condition in case of too far location of traditional resources and appear of faults during their supply. Because of it is considered possibility of receiving heat and electrical energy in one technical device, with high efficiency. It is offered structural solution of multifunctional flat solar collector, which rise efficiency of radiation utilization. It is analyzed degree. It is analyzed the degree of absorption of solar radiation by additional location the photo converters in the device. It is estimated the influence of occupied by semi-conductors square on total absorption coefficient. It is proved, that by occupied square with photo elements less than 20% square of collector, the decrease of heat process parameters will be in limits of 5%. However by this it will be act neither heat, not electrical energy, which could be forwarded to systems of building life-support systems. Beside of it, for increase efficiency of solar collector it is offered additional processing of absorber’s surface, which is rise degree of radiation absorption. Technology of laser weld allows to create on surface ultra-thin cell ribbing, which in forthcoming could be consider as decrease reflection roughness. Execution by this way ribbing increase panel’s square and its absorption ability. By this size of cells could be from 0,5 to 4 mm and choose in depend of area irradiance, where will be located solar unit.
Raman scattering spectra of amber
Authors: Verkhovskaia Iana , Prokopenko Viktor
Published: May 2020

The Raman spectra of amber (succinite) of different transparency levels of the Palmniken Deposit of Kaliningrad of Russia were obtained using the Fourier Transform–Raman spectroscopy method, which allows obtaining real and elemental compositions. It was found that succinite (amber) is an organic unsaturated carbon - chain homopolymer with different valence oscillations of aliphatic CH2 and CH3 groups, containing heteroatoms C=C and CH in the main chain with valence in RNS=CH2 and deformation in trans RHC=CHR' oscillations with chemical side chains of up to 8 subgroups. Three main connections were experimentally identified on the obtained Raman spectra, which can be used as characteristic features for identification and diagnostics of succinite of the Palmniken Deposit. Practical significance. The proposed method may be of interest for chemistry, materials science and research related to identification processes. The performed research can be used in the synthesis of high-molecular compounds, in issues related to the development and distribution of various applications of organic materials.
Contact-deformation mechanism of boundary friction
Authors: Dykha Alexandr , Kukhar Volodymyr , Artiukh Viktor , Aleksandrovskiy Maxim
Published: May 2020

Research was conducted to determine the effect of lubricants on stress and strain in the contact of metal surfaces. Experiments were carried out on the introduction of a fixed and moving indenter in contact with a dry and lubricated surface.The steel spherical specimen was pressed into a lubricated and dry metal surface. The microstructures of the structure of the surface layer are studied under various conditions of deformation. The diagrams of the relative deformation of the surface layers are constructed. The mechanism of the formation and distribution of internal stresses for dry and greased contact is described. Experimental studies of the introduction of a moving steel indenter into a lubricated surface have been carried out. The relationship of the deformation mechanisms of lubricated surfaces with their wear resistance is determined. The results obtained are recommended for predicting the durability of lubricated friction units according to the criterion of contact strength.
Determination of technological parameters and tool for flanging holes from sheet blanks
Authors: Kaderov Khaidar , Kireev Sergey , Korchagina Marina , Lebedev Aleksey
Published: May 2020

In the article the parameters of shaping operations of internal axisymmetric cylindrical flanging are considered. The article is written to improve the quality and speed of flanging round holes development from sheet blanks and tooling construction by increasing the accuracy of hole diameter calculation for flanging in the automated mode of building three-dimensional models of workpiece and a flanged product. Given formulas increase the accuracy of hole diameter calculation for flanging, taking into account the deformed condition of the sheet blank. The accuracy of the hole diameter calculation for flanging according to the given formulas is determined by comparing the mass of the workpiece with the mass of the flanged part. CAD system algorithm for automated construction of the flanged parts sketch and determination of technological parameters is implemented. The parameterized scheme of a typical construction of a flanging stamp is presented. The constructed schemes allow making changes in their parameters and providing automatic representation of calculation results and also their correct graphic interpretation. Discussion of the article results allows drawing conclusions about correctness of the given mathematical model and its applicability for the automated construction of three-dimensional models of the flanged details that will allow simplifying technological development and constructed documentation with simultaneous increase of their accuracy and reducing costs of production preparation.
Hardening features for high manganese steel cores of crosspieces along the way
Authors: Shishkina Irina
Published: May 2020

Herein are established main regularities of steel hardening and defect formation for the working conditions of cross-pieces along the way in order to be able to further reduce the number of samples without losing informativity about the metal functioning of cross-piece. The change in the hardness of the metal along the depth of the cross section at the stage of steady wear occurs with the wear rate of the cross-piece. From the surface of the cross into the depths of the cross section, the hardness of the metal decreases. The rule of change can be considered linear. The generalized results of studies of susceptibility of cross-pieces metal for defects showed that the processes of contact defect occurrence and their expansion on the cross-pieces are fatigue-like.
Modeling and thermal calculation of a pipeline insulation system
Authors: Krashchenko Vladislav , Tretyakov Nikita , Chernov Alexander , Shaykhalov Ilmir , Zhukov Alexey
Published: May 2020

Energy efficiency of heating networks depends on the costs of the manufacture of insulation materials and components, its installation and exploitation of insulating jacket. As insulation materials for insulation of heating networks, products based on rock wool, polyurethane foam extruded polystyrene foam, foam rubber and polyethylene foam. In this contribution introduced basic principles of calculating the thickness of the thermal insulation of a pipeline by the value of the standard density of the heat flow are given using an example of the use of products based on polyethylene foam. Calculation of the heat flux from the surface of the heat-insulating structure is carried out at a given thickness of the heat-insulating layer if there is a need to determine heat loss (or cold loss). The basis for the calculation is a mathematical model of heat transfer, a developed calculation algorithm and a computer program. The method of installation of thermal insulation depends on the diameter of the pipeline and the selected type of product. Insulating cylinders or cylinders in combination with heat-insulating mats are used for pipelines of small diameters. Roll materials are used to isolate large diameters. Products are fixed on pipelines using mechanical fasteners.
Band structure and transmission spectra in multiferroic based Sierpinski-carpet phononic crystal
Authors: Ozer Zafer , Palaz Selami , Mamedov Amirullah M. , Ozbay Ekmel
Published: May 2020

In this study, the band structure and transmission spectra in multiferroic based Sierpinski-carpet phononic crystal are investigated based on finite element simulation. In order to obtain the band structure of the phononic crystal (PnC), the Floquet periodicity conditions were applied to the sides of unit cell. The square lattice PnC consists of various piezoelectric inclusion in a rubber matrix with circular and triangular cross section.
Advanced numerical simulation and modelling for reactor safety − contributions from the CORTEX, HPMC, McSAFE and NURESAFE projects
Authors: Demazière Christophe , Sanchez-Espinoza Victor Hugo , Chanaron Bruno
Published: May 2020

Predictive modelling capabilities have long represented one of the pillars of reactor safety. In this paper, an account of some projects funded by the European Commission within the seventh Framework Program (HPMC and NURESAFE projects) and Horizon 2020 Program (CORTEX and McSAFE) is given. Such projects aim at, among others, developing improved solution strategies for the modelling of neutronics, thermal-hydraulics, and/or thermo-mechanics during normal operation, reactor transients and/or situations involving stationary perturbations. Although the different projects have different focus areas, they all capitalize on the most recent advancements in deterministic and probabilistic neutron transport, as well as in DNS, LES, CFD and macroscopic thermal-hydraulics modelling. The goal of the simulation strategies is to model complex multi-physics and multi-scale phenomena specific to nuclear reactors. The use of machine learning combined with such advanced simulation tools is also demonstrated to be capable of providing useful information for the detection of anomalies during operation.
Fuel fabrication and reprocessing issues: the ASGARD project
Authors: Ekberg Christian , Retegan Teodora , De Visser Tynova Eva , Sarsfield Mark , Wallenius Janne
Published: May 2020

The ASGARD project (2012–2016) was designed to tackle the challenge the multi-dimensional questions dealing with the recyclability of novel nuclear fuels. These dimensions are: the scientific achievements, investigating how to increase the industrial applicability of the fabrication of these novel fuels, the bridging of the often separate physics and chemical communities in connection with nuclear fuel cycles and finally to create an ambitious education and training platform. This will be offered to younger scientists and will include a broadening of their experience by international exchange with relevant facilities. At the end of the project 27 papers in peer reviewed journals were published and it is expected that the real number will be the double. The training and integration success was evidenced by the fruitful implementation of the Travel Fund as well as the unique schools, e.g. practical and theoretical handling of plutonium.
Nuclear cogeneration with high temperature reactors
Authors: Wrochna Grzegorz , Fütterer Michael , Hittner Dominique
Published: May 2020

Clean energy production is a challenge, which was so far addressed mainly in the electric power sector. More energy is needed in the form of heat for both district heating and industry. Nuclear power is the only technology fulfilling all 3 sustainability dimensions, namely economy, security of supply and environment. In this context, the European Nuclear Cogeneration Industrial Initiative (NC2I) has launched the projects NC2I-R and GEMINI+ aiming to prepare the deployment of High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactors (HTGR) for this purpose.
A nuclear owner/operator perspective on ways and means for joint programming on predisposal activities
Authors: Pieraccini Michel , Granger Sylvain
Published: May 2020

Nuclear decommissioning is a worldwide competitive market. It is also the main source of radioactive waste from the nuclear energy field. In order to reduce the waste volume it is necessary to sort the actual radioactive waste to be disposed of and to separate them from other materials that could be recycled. Since 2015, Electricité de France (EDF) has gathered the waste management and dismantling (WM&D) projects, the related competences and human resources in the WM&D field, in a dedicated directorate (DP2D) and a company group called Cyclife (including waste treatment facilities). Taking into account the experience gained by carrying out its own WM&D projects as well as contributing to international cooperation, EDF considers that integrating collaborative research and development (R&D) on pre-disposal and waste management could be carried out following four main objectives: (1) alignment of the application of regulatory frameworks through appropriate definition of criteria and rules for radioactive waste to enable sensible worldwide comparison of technics; (2) improvement of technical and organisational aspects of nuclear reactors decommissioning using a demonstrator facility to be in operation, at first for graphite reactors, by 2022; (3) development of new techniques to decontaminate/homogenize metallic materials through a dedicated recycling route. These technics will be implemented in a new treatment facility foreseen to be available by 2030; and (4) increased training of decommissioning operators with the help of new technologies. All these improvements are aiming, beyond technical and experimental aspects, at reducing environmental impacts of nuclear activities as well as preserving the radioactive disposal volumes, as they are considered by EDF as rare resources.
Beacon: bentonite mechanical evolution
Authors: Sellin Patrik , Westermark Mary , Leupin Olivier , Norris Simon , Gens Antonio , Wieczorek Klaus , Talandier Jean , Swahn Johan
Published: May 2020

The aim of Beacon is to develop the understanding of fundamental processes that lead to material homogenisation, as well as to improve capabilities for numerical modelling. In earlier assessments of bentonite EBS, the mechanical interaction between the installed bentonite components has been neglected and an “ideal” final state has generally been assumed. Key features of the project are (1) re-evaluation of the available knowledge to extract the crucial data to compile the qualitative and quantitative data and to enhance the conceptual understanding. (2) Enhanced, robust and practical numerical tools based on a good scientific understanding, which have the expected predictive capabilities regarding the evolution of engineered barriers and seals. (3) A developed database with experimental data needed by the quantitative models. (4) Verified calculation tools based on experimental results in different scales. The Beacon project is required for the pan-European objectives at building confidence amongst regulators and stakeholders regarding the performance of the engineered barriers in a geological repository.
A rare case of maxillary ameloblastic fibro-odontoma and a review of the literature
Authors: Cossiez Marie , Del Pin David
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma (AFO) is a benign complex odontogenic tumor in the mandible in children and adolescents. Observation: A 9-year-old boy was referred to the dental department for the delayed eruption of tooth 26. He was asymptomatic, and on clinical examination, we found that tooth 26 was absent with tumefaction instead of the tooth. Cone beam computed tomography revealed an opaque mass in the root of 26. The management was surgical, and anatomopathological examination facilitated the diagnosis of AFO. Commentary: The upper maxillary localization of AFO is rare and is not often a practitioner's first thought. Surgical excision of the tumor is essential based on the histological diagnosis. The patient must be followed up after 3 months and regularly until the eruption of the affected tooth. Conclusion: AFO is one of the differential diagnoses to be considered when a young patient presents with firm swelling with delayed eruption of the opposing tooth, especially since it has good prognosis and is easy to manage.
Multi objective optimization of wear behaviour of Aluminum MMCs using Grey-Taguchi method
Authors: Muthu Poovalingam
Published: May 2020

In recent years, metal matrix composite (MMCs) have been receiving worldwide attention on account of their superior strength-to-weight ratio and stiffness. Among the several classes of composite materials, Aluminium matrix ceramic reinforcement composites have attracted increasing attention due to their unique properties such as better specific strength, specific stiffness, wear resistance, excellent corrosion resistance, high elastic modulus and light weight. The aim of the present investigation is to optimize the dry sliding wear parameters of Aluminum LM25 matrix reinforced with silicon carbide (SiC) (5 wt.%) and Copper (Cu) (3 wt.%) using Taguchi based grey relational analysis. In this work, the composite is prepared using stir casting method. The specimens are prepared according to ASTM standard. Using pin-on-disc apparatus, wear tests are conducted as per Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array and optimum wear parameters are identified with an objective to minimise the wear rate and coefficient of friction based on the grey relational grade. The effect of parameters on the wear rate and coefficient of friction was determined using Analysis of variance (ANOVA). Finally, the experimental results were verified using confirmation tests and the SEM analysis was carried out to study the wear mechanism.
A theoretical connection between the Noisy Leaky integrate-and-fire and the escape rate models: The non-autonomous case
Authors: Dumont Grégory , Henry Jacques , Tarniceriu Carmen Oana
Published: May 2020

Finding a mathematical model that incorporates various stochastic aspects of neural dynamics has proven to be a continuous challenge. Among the different approaches, the noisy leaky integrate-and-fire and the escape rate models are probably the most popular. These two models are generally thought to express different noise action over the neural cell. In this paper we investigate the link between the two formalisms in the case of a neuron subject to a time dependent input. To this aim, we introduce a new general stochastic framework. As we shall prove, our general framework entails the two already existing ones. Our results have theoretical implications since they offer a general view upon the two stochastic processes mostly used in neuroscience, upon the way they can be linked, and explain their observed statistical similarity.
Strawberry algorithm and its newly evolved variant for pattern nulling in an antenna array
Authors: Konidala Subhashini R.
Published: May 2020

In this article attempt has been made for the first time to apply the reported strawberry optimization technique to antenna array synthesis problem. The algorithm is further modified by reinforcing it with adaptive values for the two key parameters known as runner length and root length embedded in the mathematical expression governing the movement of the mother plant from one position to another in the search space to locate the optimum solution. The case studies cited here refer to linear and circular array configurations. The design constraints are limited to minimizing the side lobe level and restricting the first null beam width, which play significant roles in antenna array performances. The important features which greatly influence in achieving the said objectives are either placement of antenna elements or amplitudes of excitations of these elements or both. And the recently reported nature inspired metaheuristic optimization algorithms have addressed to these antenna problems quite effectively and the application of the strawberry algorithm for the first time and the unraveling of a new algorithm known as reduced step size strawberry algorithm (rss-SBA) a variant of the existing SBA have shown quite exciting results thus opening avenues for these techniques to be the potential contenders in the race of authenticating their positions in the domain of nonlinear function optimization.
Early outcome after the use of the triceps fascia flap in interposition elbow arthroplasty: a novel method in the treatment of post-traumatic elbow stiffness
Authors: Iyidobi Emmanuel C. , Nwadinigwe Cajetan U. , Ekwunife Remigus T. , Anyaehie Udo E. , Omolade Lasebikan A. , Ede Osita , Okeke Valentine
Published: May 2020

Background: Post-traumatic elbow stiffness (PTES) results in severe interference with the activities of daily living (ADL), affecting mainly young people. Total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) is relatively contraindicated in the young patient and arthrodesis is poorly tolerated. Interposition elbow arthroplasty (IEA) improves the range of motion (ROM) buying time for future reconstructive surgery. While the fascia lata remains the most common material used in IEA, the triceps fascia is a native vascularized tissue, and it does not require a separate incision to harvest. To our knowledge, there are no published studies on the use of this technique of IEA. Method: Sixteen patients with post-traumatic elbow stiffness had IEA with the triceps fascia between January 2009 and January 2017. The ROM was assessed pre-operatively and post-operatively at the 6th and the 24th week. The researchers also evaluated the functional outcome with the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) at the 24th week. The data were analysed with the software IBM SPSS Version 20. Results: Nine males and seven females had IEA with the triceps fascia. The mean age of the subjects was 22.8 years (SD = 6.39). The median duration of the stiffness was eight months (range: 2–168 months). Fall was the most frequent cause of post-traumatic elbow stiffness, and the non-dominant side was more frequently involved. Fourteen patients had an intervention at the native bone setters before presentation to the hospital. The mean elbow ROM increased from 16.4° pre-operatively to 97.2° at the 24th week (p < 0.001), while the mean MEPS improved from 42.5° pre-operatively to 81.2° post-operatively (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The triceps fascia flap provides an excellent alternative to the fascia lata for IEA without the complications of the donor site morbidity.
Radiographic parameters and a novel fluoroscopic control view for posterior screw fixation of coracoid base fractures
Authors: Said Hatem Galal , Fetih Tarek Nabil , Abd-Elzaher Hosam Elsayed , Lambert Simon Martin
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Coracoid fractures have the potential to lead to inadequate shoulder function. Most coracoid base fractures occur with scapular fractures and the posterior approaches would be utilized for surgical treatment. We investigated the possibility of fixing the coracoid through the same approach without an additional anterior approach. Materials and methods: Multi-slice CT scans of 30 shoulders were examined and the following measurements were performed by an independent specialized radiologist: posterior coracoid screw entry point measured form infraglenoid tubercle, screw trajectory in coronal plane in relation to scapular spine and lateral scapular border, screw trajectory in sagittal plane in relation to glenoid face bisector line and screw length. We used the results from the CT study to guide postero-anterior coracoid screw insertion under fluoroscopic guidance on two fresh frozen cadaveric specimens to assess the reproducibility of accurate screw placement based on these parameters. We also developed a novel fluoroscopic projection, the anteroposterior (AP) coracoid view, to guide screw placement in the para-coronal plane. Results: The mean distance between entry point and the infraglenoid tubercle was 10.8 mm (range: 9.2–13.9, SD 1.36). The mean screw length was 52 mm (range: 46.7–58.5, SD 3.3). The mean sagittal inclination angle between was 44.7 degrees (range: 25–59, SD 5.8). The mean angle between screw line and lateral scapular border was 47.9 degrees (range: 34–58, SD 4.3). The mean angle between screw line and scapular spine was 86.2 degrees (range: 75–95, SD 4.9). It was easy to reproduce the screw trajectory in the para-coronal plane; however, multiple attempts were needed to reach the correct angle in the parasagittal plane, requiring several C-arm corrections. Conclusion: This study facilitates posterior fixation of coracoid process fractures and will inform the “virtual visualization” of coracoid process orientation.
Streiflichter vom San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium
Authors: Westphal Kirsten
Published: May 2020

Das San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium (SABCS) ist das Highlight des Jahres für alle, die an Fortschritten zu Forschung und Therapie des Mammakarzinoms interessiert sind. Auch in diesem Jahr wurden zahlreiche Studien präsentiert, welche das therapeutische Vorgehen in der nächsten Zeit maßgeblich beeinflussen werden – sowohl beim fortgeschrittenen als auch beim frühen Brustkrebs.
Zeitarbeit in der OP-Pflege – Motive, Auswirkungen und Perspektiven
Authors: Fichtner Liesa , Honekamp Ivonne
Published: May 2020

Zielsetzung Der Anteil der Zeitarbeitskräfte in Krankenhäusern wächst, so auch in den OPs, in welchen die Kernerlöse erzielt werden. In diesem Beitrag soll untersucht werden, warum OP-Pflegekräfte in die Zeitarbeit wechseln, ob sich ihre Erwartungen an die Zeitarbeit erfüllt haben und welche Bedingungen vorliegen müssten, um zurück in eine Festanstellung zu wechseln.

Methodik Es wurde eine standardisierte online Befragung durchgeführt. Teilgenommen haben OP-Pflegekräfte einer Zeitarbeitsfirma an den Einsatzorten Hamburg, Bremen, Berlin, Lübeck und Hannover.

Ergebnis Es zeigt sich, dass der Wechsel in die Zeitarbeit bei einem Großteil der Befragungsteilnehmer dazu geführt hat, dass sich private Verpflichtungen und der Beruf besser in Einklang bringen lassen, als es im Rahmen der Festanstellung im Krankenhaus der Fall war. Gäbe es keine Zeitarbeit, würden mehr als die Hälfte der Befragten einen anderen Beruf wählen.

Schlussfolgerung Möchte man Pflegekräfte in ihrem Beruf halten oder für eine Festanstellung im Krankenhaus zurückgewinnen, müssten insbesondere die Gehälter steigen, flexible Arbeitszeitmodelle angeboten werden und ein wertschätzender Umgang miteinander gepflegt werden.
Frühe Rehabilitation bei COVID-19 – Best Practice
Empfehlungen für die frühe Rehabilitation von
Patient/innen mit COVID-19
Authors: Liebl Max Emanuel , Gutenbrunner Christoph , Glaesener Jean Jacques , Schwarzkopf Susanne , Best Norman , Lichti Gabriele , Kraft Eduard , Krischak Gert , Reißhauer Anett
Published: May 2020

Während der COVID-19-Pandemie stehen Rehabilitationskliniken und
Akutkliniken bezüglich physikalisch-medizinischer, physiotherapeutischer
und frührehabilitativer Versorgung vor neuen Herausforderungen. In der
Behandlung von COVID-19 ist von einer Notwendigkeit frühmobilisierender
Maßnahmen und frührehabilitativer Behandlung auszugehen, auch
wenn vorhandene Strukturen bislang nicht flächendeckend solche
Komplexbehandlungen vorsahen. Aus den Erfahrungen aus der
fachübergreifenden Frührehabilitation in der Behandlung von
Patienten mit möglicherweise vergleichbaren Atemwegserkrankungen in
Verbindung mit aktuell verfügbaren Quellen und Erfahrungen sollen
therapeutisch-konzeptuelle Hinweise für die Behandlung von
Patient/innen mit COVID-19 abgeleitet werden. Die Empfehlungen
betreffen: Logistische Vorbereitung (Mitarbeiterumgang und -schulungen),
Infektiosität und persönliche Schutzausrüstung,
Umgebungsanpassung, interprofessionelles Arbeiten und Co-Therapie, Atemtherapie,
Mobilisierung, aktivierende Pflege und ADL, Trainingsintensität,
psychosoziales Management.
Anatomical Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Hamstring Tendon Autografts: A Comparative Study of Three Different Techniques
Authors: Wen Zhenxing , Zhang Hua , Yan Wenlong , Mohamed Sheikh Ibrahimrashid , Zhao Pei , Huang Xiao , Xu Zijie , Zhang Jian , Zhou Aiguo
Published: May 2020

The ideal procedure for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is one that can achieve anatomical restoration for a better ACL function. This retrospective comparative study was conducted to evaluate the objective and subjective clinical results of the conventional single-bundle femoral round (SBR) tunnel technique, the single-bundle femoral oval (SBO) tunnel technique, and the double-bundle (DB) surgical technique for anatomical ACL reconstruction with hamstring tendon autografts. Patients who underwent the SBO, SBR, and DB ACL reconstructions from January 2016 to August 2017 were included in this study. A total of 163 patients underwent different surgical techniques; 41 patients underwent the SBO procedure, 78 patients received SBR, and the remaining 44 patients underwent the DB procedure. The Lachman's test, pivot-shift test, Lysholm's score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, and Tegner's score were compared among groups postoperatively. KT-1000 was used to measure the anterior laxity of the knee. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to compare the ACL graft maturity. Second-look arthroscopy was conducted to compare the graft status and synovial coverage. Significant differences among groups were found with respect to the Lysholm's score, Tegner's score, and IKDC score. Patients in the SBO and DB groups acquired higher functional scores than the SBR group. More patients with positive pivot-shift test were observed in the SBR group than other groups at 12- and 24-month postoperative follow-ups. The postoperative KT-1000 was better in the SBO and DB groups than in the SBR group. The mean signal/noise quotient (SNQ) of the SBO group was 2.70 ± 0.92, significantly lower than 3.58 ± 1.21 of the SBR group. Despite a higher proportion of patients with grade B or C synovial coverage and partial graft injury found in the SBR group, there were no significant differences among the groups. The SBO and DB technique achieved better clinical results than the SBR technique. The SBO technique was indeed an ideal surgical procedure for ACL reconstruction provided that the shortcoming of DB technique must be taken into account. This is a Level III, retrospective comparative study.
The 50 Most Cited Articles in the Indications, Risk Factors, Techniques, and Outcomes of ACL Revision Surgery
Authors: Ennis Hayley E. , Bondar Kevin , McCormick Johnathon , Chen Clark Jia-Long , Donnally Chester J. , Kaplan Lee
Published: May 2020

The rate of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) retear remains high and revision ACL reconstruction has worse outcomes compared with primaries. To make advances in this area, a strong understanding of influential research is necessary. One method for systematically evaluating the literature is by citation analysis. This article aims to establish and evaluate “classic” articles. With consideration of these articles, this article also aims to evaluate gaps in the field and determine where future research should be directed. The general approach for data collection and analysis consisted of planning objectives, employing a defined strategy, reviewing search results using a multistep and multiauthor approach with specific screening criteria, and analyzing data. The collective number of citations for all publications within the list was 5,203 with an average of 104 citations per publication. “Biomechanical Measures during Landing and Postural Stability Predict Second Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and Return to Sport” by Paterno et al contained both the highest number of total citations and the highest number of citations per year, with 403 total citations and 43.9 citations per year. The most recurring level of evidence were level II (n = 18) and level III (n = 17). “Clinical Outcomes” was the most common article type (n = 20) followed by “Risk Factors” (n = 10). The American Journal of Sports Medicine had the highest recorded Cite Factor with over 50% of the articles (n = 27) published. The most productive authors included R.W. Wright (n = 6), S.D. Barber-Westin (n = 5), F.R. Noyes (n = 5), and K.P. Spindler (n = 5). Historically, influential studies have been published in the realms of clinical outcome and risk factor identification. It has been established that revision ACL reconstruction has worse outcomes and more high-level studies are needed. Additionally, prospective studies that apply the knowledge for current known risk factor mitigation are needed to determine if graft tear rates can be lowered.
Sulfur-Mediated Decarboxylative Coupling of 2-Nitrobenzyl Alcohols and Arylacetic Acids
Authors: Nguyen Tung T. , Phan Nam T. S. , Nguyen Khang X. , Nguyen Duyen K. , Pham Phuc H. , Le Ha V.
Published: May 2020

We report a new method for the synthesis of substituted quinazolines by the condensation of 2-nitrobenzyl alcohols with arylacetic acids. The transformation requires the use of urea as a nitrogen source, elemental sulfur as a promoter, DABCO as a base, and DMSO as a solvent. Functionalities such as chloro, fluoro, trifluoromethyl, thienyl, and indolyl groups were all compatible with the reaction conditions. Because our method uses stable simple substrates to obtain the N,N-heterocycles in the absence of transition metals, it offers a potential pathway for preparing complex structures under mild conditions.
Cobalt-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Methylation and Ethylation of Aliphatic N-(Acyloxy)phthalimides with Organoaluminum Reagents
Authors: Shang Rui , Fu Yao , Wang Ze-Zhong , Wang Guang-Zu , Zhao Bin
Published: May 2020

A cobalt-catalyzed decarboxylative methylation of aliphatic redox-active esters [N-(acyloxy)phthalimides; RAEs] with trimethylaluminum under mild conditions was developed, providing a method for transforming a carboxylate group into a methyl group without redox fluctuation. Primary and secondary RAEs were both amenable substrates, whereas a tertiary RAE delivered an elimination product. Triethylaluminum was also used to deliver a decarboxylative ethylation product.
Modeling to Predict Factor VIII Levels Associated with Zero Bleeds in Patients with Severe Hemophilia A Initiated on Tertiary Prophylaxis
Authors: Chowdary Pratima , Fischer Kathelijn , Collins Peter W. , Cotterill Amy , Konkle Barbara A. , Blanchette Victor , Pipe Steven W. , Berntorp Erik , Wolfsegger Martin , Engl Werner , Spotts Gerald
Published: May 2020

Background Factor VIII (FVIII) trough levels > 1 IU/dL in patients with severe hemophilia A receiving regular prophylaxis may optimize bleed protection.

Objectives In this post hoc analysis of patients receiving tertiary prophylaxis for approximately 1 year, the relationship between estimated FVIII levels and reported bleeds was investigated to predict the potential for zero bleeds.

Methods Sixty-three patients (median [range] age, 28 [7–59] years) with severe hemophilia A (229 bleeds) were included. FVIII levels at time of each bleed were estimated from single-dose individual pharmacokinetics. The highest estimated FVIII level at which patients experienced a bleed was considered the “potentially effective trough level” for that bleed type. Kaplan–Meier estimates of proportions of patients with no bleeds above certain estimated FVIII levels were determined. Those not experiencing a bleed in the trial were assumed to have a bleed at 0 IU/dL (pragmatic approach) or at their median trough level (conservative approach).

Results Kaplan–Meier estimates based on pragmatic approach predicted zero all bleeds, joint bleeds, and spontaneous joint bleeds in 1 year in 40, 43, and 63% of patients, respectively, when the potentially effective trough FVIII level was set at 1 IU/dL. Between 1 and 10 IU/dL, every 1 IU/dL rise in estimated FVIII level was associated with an additional 2% of patients having zero all bleeds.

Conclusion This post hoc analysis confirms benefits with trough levels of approximately 1 to 3 IU/dL in most patients starting tertiary prophylaxis; prophylaxis with higher trough levels may help patients to achieve zero bleeds.
A Novel, Enriched Population Pharmacokinetic Model for Recombinant Factor VIII-Fc Fusion Protein Concentrate in Hemophilia A Patients
Authors: Bukkems Laura H. , Heijdra Jessica M. , Mathias Mary , Collins Peter W. , Hay Charles R. M. , Tait Robert C. , Mangles Sarah , Myers Bethan , Evans G. , Bailiff Benjamin , Curry Nicola , Payne Jeanette , Austin Steve , Goedhart Tine M. H. J. , Leebeek Frank W. G. , Meijer Karina , Fijnvandraat Karin , Chowdary Pratima , Mathôt Ron A. A. , Cnossen Marjon H. ,   for UK-EHL Outcomes Registry OPTI-CLOT Collaboration
Published: May 2020

Background The currently published population pharmacokinetic (PK) models used for PK-guided dosing in hemophilia patients are based on clinical trial data and usually not externally validated in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to validate a published model for recombinant factor VIII-Fc fusion protein (rFVIII-Fc) concentrate and to develop an enriched model using independently collected clinical data if required.

Methods Clinical data from hemophilia A patients treated with rFVIII-Fc concentrate (Elocta) participating in the United Kingdom Extended Half-Life Outcomes Registry were collected. The predictive performance of the published model was assessed using mean percentage error (bias) and mean absolute percentage error (inaccuracy). An extended population PK model was developed using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling (NONMEM).

Results A total of 43 hemophilia A patients (FVIII ≤ 2 IU/dL), aged 5 to 70 years, were included. The prior model was able to predict the collected 244 rFVIII-Fc levels without significant bias (–1.0%, 95% CI: –9.4 to 7.3%) and with acceptable accuracy (12.9%). However, clearance and central distribution volume were under predicted in patients <12 years, which was expected as this age group was not represented in the previous model population. An enriched population PK model was constructed, which was able to successfully characterize PK profiles of younger children.

Conclusion We concluded that the existing rFVIII-Fc population PK model is valid for patients ≥ 12 years. However, it is not reliable in younger patients. Our alternative model, constructed from real world patient data including children, allows for better description of patients ≥5 years.