bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Legal Power of Pipil as the Real Evidence of Ownership of Rights to Land in Dispute (Analysis on the Decision of Selong District Court
Authors: Daulay Imanul Ichwar , Rodliyah Rodliyah , Widodo Widodo
Published: September 2019

In this paper, the authors discuss cases that relate to the basis of ownership of rights and authority of land rights called Pipil among the people of Lombok Island. Landowners use Pipil as the real evidence of land rights because it is only landowners who are obliged to pay taxes. After the enactment of Law No. 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA), there are fundamental changes in the field of land law and individual rights to land that apply in Indonesia. It mandates that certificate is the only real evidence of ownership of rights to land. However, even though UUPA is in force, there are still many Indonesians, especially in Lombok, who consider Pipil as real evidence of ownership of rights to land. In civil court practice for land cases in the Selong District Court, there are some times that court decisions win the Pipil holder. On the other hand, there are also some times when the Pipil holder is the party who loses the case. It can be found in two land cases decided by the Selong District Court. In the decision of the Selong District Court No. 73/Pdt.G/2008/PN.SEL. on June 18, 2009, the plaintiff who filed Pipil as real evidence was the party who won the case because the real evidence of Pipil was supported by two witnesses who saw that the plaintiff’s controlled and worked on the dispute land. Meanwhile, the decision of the Selong District Court No. 113/Pdt.G/2015/PN.SEL. on June 2, 2016 jo. the decision of Mataram High Court No. 102/PDT/2016/PT.MTR. on October 4, 2016 jo. the decision of Supreme Court No. 399 K/Pdt/2017 on 23 May 2017, the plaintiff who filed Pipil as the real evidence was the party who lost the case. In this case, consideration of the court’s decision prioritized the use of the dispute land in the public interest even though the plaintiff submitted three witnesses who witnessed that the plaintiff’s parents/ grandfather controlled and worked on the dispute land.
Preliminary Agreement Deed of Sale and Purchase Agreement (PPJB) on Houses through House Ownership Loan (KPR) Still in the Form of Pictures
Authors: Hijriyani Syarifah , HS Salim , Muhaimin Muhaimin
Published: September 2019

The Research Objective is First To analyze the legal certainty of the Act of Sale and Purchase Agreement (PPJB) on houses through Housing Ownership Credit (KPR) which is still in the form of images. The second is to analyze the legal consequences of the Sale and Purchase Agreement (PPJB) deed for housing through mortgage loans that are still in the form of images.The type of research used by authors is normative research. Normative legal research is legal research that places law as a building system of norms. The norm system in question is regarding principles, norms, rules of law and regulations, court decisions, agreements and doctrines (teachings). By using an approach: Statutes Approach, Case Approach, Conceptual Approach.The results of the study that the certainty of PPJB in home ownership loans is still in the form of images is valid for the parties even though the PPJB is not regulated in the Civil Code, but the PPJB is valid as long as it meets the requirements as an agreement; not prohibited by law; in accordance with prevailing habits; as long as the agreement is implemented in good faith, the PPJB is valid and applies to both parties because it is an implementation of the principle of freedom of contract. The legal consequences of the Deed of Agreement on the Sale and Purchase Agreement (PPJB) on home ownership loans are still in the form of drawings which are the rules of both parties that must be obeyed and implemented. The deed of sale and purchase agreement can take two positions depending on how the Sale and Purchase Agreement (PPJB).
Eradication of Forest Fire and Land through the Application of Criminal Sanctions in Law No. 32 of 2009
Authors: Rafki Jon , Husin Sukanda , Danil Elwi
Published: September 2019

Forest and land damage in Indonesia has reached 43 million hectares per year. In general, this is due to unsustainable large-scale exploitation and ecological insufficiency of forest resources for the purpose of harvesting forest products, clearing plantation land and for other purposes such as mining. The problem of forest and land damage as described above is exacerbated by forest and land burning activities as a result of land clearing through burning. The burning of this forest and land has caused smoke pollution, which contributes to global warming and climate change, which in turn has placed its own burden and disturbance on the forest ecosystem.
The Analysis of the Results of Acceptability on the Translation Results in the Unedited Version and Edited Version in the Novel “After You”
Authors: Azti Irma Fitriana , Nababan Mangatur Rudolf , Djatmika Djatmika
Published: September 2019

The main objective of this study is to compare the acceptability translation result from the translator and edited by the editor. It employed a descriptive-qualitative approach. Its data were obtained through content analysis, FGD, and observation, and analyzed with an interactive data analysis technique. The final findings of this research indicate the followings. First, the translation techniques used by translator and editing techniques used by the editor. Second, the rate of acceptability of the translation results from the translator and that have been edited by the editor. Third, the analysis of the acceptability of the translation results by the translator and that have been edited by the editor. Prior to its application, the translation techniques and editing techniques used by the translator and editor have a positive impact on the acceptability of the translation.
Regulating Legal Relationships of Doctors and Hospitals to One Party with Patients to Other Parties in the Indonesian Civil Law System
Authors: Rahmawan Handika , Sabri Fadillah , Mannas Yussy Adelina
Published: September 2019

The condition among the Indonesians nowadays indicated that there are many legal cases, especially in the medical disputes between doctors and hospitals on the one side towards their patients on the other side. The medical disputes are basically emerged because there is an inequality between patients expectation with reality that patients get. The first problem of this research is how are the legal relations of doctors and hospitals on the one side towards their patients on the other side under the Indonesian civil law system, and the second problem of this research is what are the criteria to determined doctors and hospitals could be liable under the civil law system towards their patients damaged in the medical disputes. The first objective of this research is to study and analyze how are the legal relations of doctors and hospitals on the one side towards their patients on the other side under the Indonesian civil law system, and the second objective of this research is to study and analyze what are the criteria to determined doctors and hospitals could be liable under the civil law system towards patients damaged in the medical disputes. The method used in approaching the problem of this research is normative juridical. The type of this research is descriptive analytics. The source of this research is from secondary data with using primary legal substance, secondary legal substance, and tertiary legal substance. Based on the result of the research, it can be concluded that are, first, the legal relations between doctors towards their patients in medical services emerged because there are therapeutic contractual and the regulations which is regulated in Civil Law Code Article Number 1233, while the legal relations between hospitals towards their patients included in common contractual which is regulated in Civil Law Code Article Number 1234, and also could emerged according to Civil Law Code Article Number 1367 (3). Second, the criteria for doctors and hospitals can be declared responsible for the loss of patients, are because of negligence by doing medical actions contrary to the standards operational procedures (SOP) and the service standards, and also because of negligence based on legislation.
Uma pintura barroca: nuances do século XVII e da obra do Padre Antônio Vieira, um embaixador do evangelho nas cortes e nas matas
Authors: Cruz Pedro Silva Goudard , Soares de Oliveira Thiago , Vigneron Azevedo Felipe
Published: September 2019

Este artigo objetiva contextualizar a obra do Padre Antônio Vieira no panorama barroco do século XVII, percebendo como se exibem os valores que guiavam e as ideias que povoavam as mentes da época, além de deslindar as vertentes predominantes no discurso religioso do jesuíta. Parte-se, pois, de um esforço reflexivo a fim de estabelecer um verdadeiro diálogo entre áreas indissociáveis: a literatura e o contexto histórico. Por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica, dada a própria fonte de dados a que se recorre para o desenvolvimento da proposta, pretende-se promover um reflexão que sirva aos propósitos da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Brasileira e dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais para o Ensino Médio, ao propor um estudo que vá além da trivial memorização de datas e marcos.
Mestiçagem e sincretismo na obra Capitães da Areia, de Jorge Amado
Authors: Almeida Rossana Tavares , Pessoa de Andrade Sobreira Íracles Andressa
Published: September 2019

O intuito deste trabalho é fazer a análise acerca da mestiçagem e sincretismo na obra Capitães da Areia, de Jorge Amado, publicado em 1937, através das personagens Don' Aninha e o Padre José Pedro. A escolha da temática se justifica em face da recorrência do tema na obra do autor, em especial no romance objeto de nossa pesquisa. Em relação à compreensão da temática, nos apoiamos principalmente nas obras de Darcy Ribeiro, O povo brasileiro: a formação e o sentido do Brasil (1995), além das pesquisas Sincretismo religioso afro-brasileiro, de Valdemar Valente (1976) e Sincretismo afro-católico no Brasil: lições de um povo em exílio, de Afonso Soares (2002). No que diz respeito à compreensão desse tema no corpus, nos apoiamos no trabalho de Lilia Moritz Schwarcz “O artista da mestiçagem”, que integra a obra de Ilana Seltzer, O universo de Jorge Amado (2009), como  também no estudo sociológico de Reginaldo Prandi, Religião e sincretismo religioso em Jorge Amado, escrito em 2009. Assim, nossa análise se detém nos personagens que mais representam a mestiçagem e o sincretismo religioso brasileiro no corpus escolhido. Apesar de a obra amadiana, objeto deste estudo, ser conhecida pela crítica social ao abandono de crianças e adolescentes, instala-se nessa denúncia literária a temática de nossa mestiçagem espiritual advinda de nossa própria formação como povo. No que se refere à metodologia, nos utilizares dos pressupostos de Antonio Candido, elaborados em sua Literatura e sociedade (1965).
Nanosilver Colloid Inhibits Toxoplasma gondii Tachyzoites and Bradyzoites in Vitro
Authors: SHOJAEE Saeedeh , FIROUZEH Nima , KESHAVARZ Hussein , JAFARPOUR AZAMI Sanaz , SALIMI Mahboobeh , MOHEBALI Mehdi
Published: September 2019

Background: Toxoplasma gondii, the coccidian protozoan parasite with worldwide distribution, is the agent of toxoplasmosis. The disease is life threatening in congenital form and in immunocompromised patients. The present study was carried out in 2016 to evaluate the in vitro effects of nanosilver colloid on tachyzoites and bradyzoites of T. gondii, RH and Tehran strains.
Methods: Different concentrations (5, 10 , 20 ppm) of  nanosilver colloid were added to tachyzoites of T. gondii , RH strain (type I) and bradyzoites and tissue cysts of T. gondii , Tehran strain (type II) and incubated for 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. The mortality rates of tachyzoites and bradyzoites were evaluated by trypan blue dye and MTT assay. Then SEM carried out to show the changes between control and exposed parasites.
Results: The greatest mortality rate was seen in 20 ppm concentration and after 120 minutes of exposure. By electron microscopy, the structural changes were seen in tachyzoites of RH and tissue cyst of Tehran strain in comparison with control groups.
Conclusion: Nanosilver colloid was effective on both tachyzoites and bradyzoites of T. gondii, RH and Tehran strains.
Assessment of Giardia and Cryptosporidium Assemblages/ Species and Their Viability in Potable Tap Water in Beni-Suef, Egypt Using Nested PCR/RFLP and Staining
Authors: HAMDY Doaa , El-BADRY Ayman , ABD EL WAHAB Wegdan
Published: September 2019

Background: The protozoan Giardia and Cryptosporidium are responsible for most water-borne diseases all over the world. The extent and number of outbreaks of waterborne diseases suggests a significant risk of their potential transmission via drinking water. This study aimed to document the prevalence and viability of Giardia and Cryptosporidium (oo) cysts in tap water samples in Beni-Suef Governorate, Egypt and to detect the predominant Giardia and Cryptosporidium assemblages/species using nested PCR/ Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) confirmed by further sequencing of positive samples.
Methods: A total of 80 tap water samples were collected throughout a year from four big centers and filtered using the membrane filtration method. Samples were stained by Lugol’s iodine, Modified Zeihl-Neelsen (MZN) (to detect prevalence) and trypan blue stain (to detect viability). Nested PCR-RFLP and sequencing were used for molecular characterizations and genotyping of the detected Giardia and Cryptosporidium.
Results: Giardia and Cryptosporidium DNA was detected in 20 (25%) and 29 (36.3%) samples respectively, with predominance of Giardia assemblage B (85%) and C. hominis (75.9%). The prevalence and viability of both parasites (oo) cysts showed seasonality which peaked in summer and were greater in Beba center and in rural areas.
Conclusion: To our knowledge, no studies have been done in these areas before. The anthroponotic transmission has an important role in giardiasis and crypto­sporidiosis epidemiology in this studied area.
Protein Detection of Excretory-Secretory Products and Somatic Extracts from Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica Using Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis
Authors: RASOULI Afshin , FARAHNAK Ali , ZALI Hakimeh , REZAEIAN Mostafa , GOLESTANI Abolfazl , MOLAEI RAD Mohammad Bagher
Published: September 2019

Background: The aim of this research was to compare excretory-secretory and somatic extract materials of Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica to detect protein maps of two species.
Methods: Twenty infected livers were collected from sheep in industrial slaughterhouse in Tehran, 2017-2019. Worms were detached from bile ducts, then recognized according to morphologic and morphometric criteria. After three times washing, worms were incubated in RPMI culture media and excretory-secretory products were collected. Worms were crushed and homogenized for preparation of somatic extract. Two Dimensional Electrophoresis gels were accomplished for both excretory-secretory material and somatic extracts. Gels were scanned with densitometer and analyzed with Same Spots software and protein spots were identified with Expasy database.
Results: For both excretory-secretory products and somatic extract, protein spots were appeared with two-dimensional electrophoresis technique. Quantitative analysis showed 40 and 28 protein spots for excretory-secretory of F. hepatica and F. gigantica respectively. For somatic extract 19 and 12 protein spots were recognized for F. hepatica and F. gigantica in that order.
Conclusion: The rate of expression of some proteins were more in F. hepatica while expression of other proteins was high in F. gigantica. The expression of protease enzyme was higher in F. gigantica than F. hepatica. These data could be considered for biochemical differentiation of Fasciola species and subsequently to design and prepare of antigens for diagnosis/vaccine development.
Epidemiological Study of Equine Piroplasmosis (Theileria equi and Babesia caballi) by Microscopic Examination and Competitive-ELISA in Erbil Province North-Iraq
Authors: Jabar AZIZ Khalid , Taib Omer AL-BARWARY Lokman
Published: September 2019

Background: Equine piroplasmosis is a major tick-borne disease that can lead to serious health problems and economic losses in horse industry. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in different species of Equus namely (Horse, mule, donkey and pony) by Giemsa stained blood films and competitive ELISA.
Methods: This study was conducted at various geographic areas of Erbil governorate.  A total of 349 blood samples from equine (209 horses, 62 mule, 57 donkey and 21 ponies) were collected to estimate the prevalence rate of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi by using Giemsa stained blood smear and competitive ELISA.
Results: The overall prevalence rates were (10.6%) consisting of (8.3%), (1.7%) and (0.6) for T. equi, B. caballi and both infection respectively by Giemsa stained blood smears, and the rate was 38.97%, consisting of 20.9% for T. equi, 11.2% for B. caballi and 6.9% for both infection by cELISA. Seroprevalence rate of T. equi was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than that B. caballi in equids. There was also a significant difference associated between age (P < 0.01), activity (P < 0.01), management (P < 0.001) and tick infestation (P < 0.001), but neither the type of equids nor the gender was significant differences associated with prevalence rate.
Conclusion: The present study concluded that the equine piroplasmosis is a vital infection distributed among the equine in Erbil province North of Iraq. Thus a better control programme should be implemented to contain and control the prevalence of the disease within the area.
Esophageal-Crop Capillariasis and Proventriculus Ventriculus Hystrichisiasis in a Migratory Duck (Anas crecca)
Authors: GHARAGOZLOU Mohammad Javad , MOBEDI Iraj , AGHAEBRAHIMI  SAMANI Reza , TAGHIZADEH Fariba , MOWLAVI Gholamreza
Published: September 2019

Background: The aim of the present study was to study pathological and parasitological characteristics of simultaneous capillariasis and hystrichiasis in a diseased Anas crecca captured in Mazandaran Province of Iran on Oct 2016.
Methods: Parasitology and histopathology techniques were used to detect the parasites of the carcass of the captive common teal.
Results: Macroscopically, severe chronic inflammatory reactions and nodular or granuloma formation and irregular thickening of the affected wall of the esophagus, crop, proventrculus and ventriculus were observed. Microscopically, apart from the chronic inflammatory reactions and granuloma formation, in the paraffin sections stained with Harris Hematoxyline and Eosin technique, the characteristics of the mature female and male Capillaria spp.  and their barrel-shaped operculated embryonated eggs were found within the tunnels burrowed by the nematode in the hyperplastic stratified squamous epithelium of the inflamed crop and distal portion of the esophagus. The mature female Hystrichis spp. containing oval-shaped, embryonated non-operculated eggs and male parasite were found within the labyrinthus spaces formed in the submucosa granulomas of the ventriculus and proventriculus.
Conclusion: Based on the parasitological and pathological studies, the species of the nematode parasites were identified as Capillaria (Thominx) contorta and Hystrichis. tricolor.
Situation and Cercarial Infection of Freshwater Mollusk from Sirindhorn Reservoir, Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand
Authors: HARUAY Surat , PIRATAE Supawadee
Published: September 2019

Background: Most of trematodes need snails to complete their life cycles. Consequently freshwater snails are served as intermediate hosts of many parasites worldwide. There is a lack of report on snail diversity and parasitic infection in snails in Sirindhorn Reservoir, Ubon Ratchathani province, Thailand.
Methods: Mollusk diversity and trematode cercariae infections were investigated in snails from 120 sampling sites surround Sirindhorn Reservoir from April 2018 to June 2018. Mollusk species were identified based on their shell morphology. The presence of cercariae infections in snails was examined by cercarial shedding methods. The interaction between snail species was analyzed by the correlation method.
Results: Overall, 2076 mollusks were collected which comprised six species of snails and two species of bivalves. Snail species were identified as Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos, Anentome helena, Filopaludina sumatrensis spiciosa, F. martensi martensi, F. martensi munensis and Pomacea canaliculata. The overall rate of trematode cercariae infection was 1.69% (35/2,076). The cercariae found infecting snails were Cercariaeum cercaria, Virgulate cercaria, Cotylomicrocercous cercaria and Furcocercous cercaria. The most common snails found was the assassin snail, A. helena, which showed the negative relationship among other species interactions.
Conclusion: This finding indicated infection with animal’s parasites in snails in this area are common, besides, we found many species of snails in Sirindhorn Reservoir are potentially be the host of parasite in animal and human.
Toxoplasma gondii in Aborted Fetuses of Sheep in Ardebil Ar-ea, North-West of Iran
Authors: SHAHBAZI Gholamreza , HOGHOOGHI RAD Nasser , MADANI Rassoul , MATIN Somaieh , MORTAZAVI Pedjman , Hossein JANGJOU Amir
Published: September 2019

Background: One of the severe complications of toxoplasmosis is the induction of abortion in sheep, goats, and human beings. The rate of abortions related to toxoplasmosis in sheep varies between 10% and 23% in the United States and European countries. In Iran, Toxoplasma infection were diagnosed in aborted ovine fetuses between 13.5% and 69% in the brain samples based on PCR. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of abortions related to T. gondii among the aborted fetuses of sheep in Ardabil area, North-West of Iran.
Methods: The brains of 75 aborted sheep fetuses in Ardebil area were investigated with nested PCR method using fragments of the GRA6 gene during lambing seasons in 2014-2015. Meanwhile, thoracic and abdominal fluids of aborted fetuses and 200 serum samples collected from the herds affected by abortion were examined for the existence of anti-T. gondii IgG.
Results: For 48 out of the 75 fetal brain samples (64%), the results of nested PCR test were found to be positive. Furthermore, antibodies against Toxoplasma was observed in 136 (68%) collected samples of sheep and 21 samples (28%) of fetal fluids.
Conclusion: There is the significant role of T. gondii in the abortions of sheep in Ardabil area. Meanwhile, this condition can also be dangerous for human beings because of their consumption of sheep meat.
The Incidence of Demodex folliculorum in the Combination of Allergic Rhinitis and Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: ARLİ Cengiz , OZSAN Muge , GURKAN Eren , AYCAN KAYA Ozlem , KOKACYA Umeyya
Published: September 2019

Background: Demodex mites are permanent ectoparasites of human pilosebaceous unit. They mainly infect skin of the face and scalp. Many studies have shown higher density of the ectoparasites in diseased inflammatory skin than in normal skin. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of Demodex folliculorum (DF) in treatment-resistant patients with the combination of allergic rhinitis (AR) and diabetes mellitus (DM).
Method: This study was conducted in 2014-2017. It included 92 patients aged 18-70 years who presented at the Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) and Endocrinology Polyclinics of Mustafa Kemal University Medical Faculty Hospital, Turkey. An age and gender matched control group was formed of 30 healthy individuals. To determine the presence of DF, a few eyelashes were taken from eyelids in both groups. Then samples were examined under a light microscope.
Results: DF positivity was determined in 44 (47.8%) of the 92 patients and in 1 (3.3%) of the 30 control group subjects. In the patient group, DF positivity was evaluated as present in 14 (43.7%) of the DM patients, in 12 (40%) of the AR patients and in 18 (60%) of the AR+DM patients. Statistically significant DF incidence was found in all three patient groups compared to the control group (P=0.001). The incidence in AR + DM group was not different from other patient groups.
Conclusion: DM, AR, advanced age and obesity had prepared the environment for Demodex infestations. This issue should be considered especially in treatment of patients with AR+DM.
Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania major on the Glans Pe-nis: A Case Report
Authors: MOSAYEBI Mahdi , MOHEBALI Mehdi , FARAZI Aliasghar , SHIRZADI Mohammad Reza , AKHLAGHI Davood , HAJHOSSEIN Reza , ELIKAEE Samira
Published: September 2019

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is one of the prevalent parasitic diseases in Iran principally caused by two species, Leishmania major and L. tropica. Here, we present a rare case of a congenital form of CL around the glans penis from the central part of Iran in 2017. A 24-yr-old male patient from the central part of Iran presented with biennial ulceration of the glans penis. Diagnostic methods included physical and preclinical examination, microscopic observation, leishmanin skin test (LST), and serological tests including direct agglutination test (DAT). Nested PCR and sequencing analysis were used on the positive smears for confirmation of CL and Leishmania species identification. The preclinical results were normal, and no anti-Leishmania antibodies were detected in the peripheral blood of the patient using DAT. In abdominal ultrasonography, the spleen and liver size were normal. LST was positive (≥5 mm) after 72 h, and a few amastigote forms of Leishmania sp. were demonstrated under light microscopy. L. major was confirmed using nested PCR and sequencing analysis. The patient responded to oral administration of miltefosine (2.5 mg/kg/d) for 28 days. To the best of our knowledge, genital CL due to L. major has not been previously reported from Iran.
Exposure Assessment of Total Mercury: A Probabilistic-Approach Study Based on Consumption of Canned Fish
Authors: Ebrahimi Afshin , Karimpoor Elaheh , Godazandehha Zahra , Heidari Zahra , Zarean Maryam , Moazeni Malihe
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Exposure to mercury (Hg) by consumption of fish is a recent health concern. So, it is important to evaluate the health risks related to canned fish consumption. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential health risk based on Hg concentration in people who consumed canned fish with a probabilistic approach in Isfahan City, the central province in Iran.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 20 popular brands of canned fish prepared in Iran and other countries were selected and analyzed for Hg concentration with atomic absorption spectrometer. The results were compared with the European Communities and JECFA guidelines. Then, a probabilistic method with Monte-Carlo simulation was used to assessment the Provisional Tolerable Daily Intake (PTDI) and the Hazard Quotient (HQ) for consumers in Isfahan City.
Results: The average Hg concentrations in samples were 0.251 ± 0.204 and 0.189 ± 0.152 µg/g in canned fish of Iran and other countries, respectively. The Hg level was found below the guideline limit for European Communities and JECFA. The estimated PTDI was 0.037 µg person/day and HQ was 0.074.
Conclusion: The results indicated that canned fish available in the markets of Iran did not have a health risk for adults. Moreover, canned fish consumption has a possible influence on the risk estimate and its risk should be assessed  for vulnerable groups.
Fungi Occurrence Assessment in Drinking Water Distribution Systems and Its Relationship with Fecal Indicator Bacteria
Authors: Mirshekar Zahra , Shahryari Ali , Gharekhan Alostani Mohamad , Aali Rahim
Published: September 2019

Introduction: As recommended by World Health Organization, consumption of the fungal contaminated water does not cause to serious infection, but may lead to healthy or aesthetic problems. The aim of this research was to assess the occurrence of fungi in water and its relationship with fecal indicator bacteria.
Materials and Methods: 110 water samples were collected from different location of water distribution systems in Aliabad-e Katul City, North of Iran during April to November 2018. Enumeration of coliforms bacteria and fungi were performed by multiple tube fermentation and membrane filtration method, respectively; as described in Standard Methods.
Results: Our results showed that fungi and total coliform were detected in 31 (28.4%) and 26 (23.9%) samples, respectively. Among samples of fungi positive, 22 (20.2%), 7 (6.4%), and 5 (4.6%) water samples were positive for Aspergillus sp., Rhizopus sp., and Penicillium sp., respectively. However, none faecal coliform and E. coli were observed in all examined samples, proposing the absence of faecal pollution in water. The mean and SD residual chlorine and pH were 0.55 ± 0.23 (mg/l) and 7.30 ± 0.30, respectively. The statistical analysis showed a remarkable difference between the prevalence of total coliforms and fungal species (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: Presence of potential opportunistic pathogens fungi in potable water can be considered as a health risk, especially for immuno-suppressed individuals. Therefore, cleaning the processes such as biofilm removal and addition of the free chlorine concentration can be effective to decrease fungi contamination and total coliform from water distribution system.
"Escape rooms" – nowa oferta sektora rekreacji w Polsce
Authors: Stasiak Andrzej
Published: September 2019

Globalizacja odciska swoje piętno również na rynku czasu wolnego, sprzyjając upowszechnianiu się na całym świecie zupełnie nowych form rekreacji. Doskonałym przykładem takiej błyskawicznej dyfuzji innowacji w globalnej skali jest powstanie i rozwój escape rooms. Celem artykułu jest próba wyjaśnienia niebywałej popularności pokoi zagadek w Polsce, głównie przez pryzmat analizy ich oferty. W pracy opisano genezę i rozwój tej formy rekreacji, omówiono lokalizację blisko 600 lokali działających w 2016 r., a także dokonano szczegółowej charakterystyki escape rooms w 10 polskich metropoliach. Przeprowadzone analizy prowadzą do wniosku, że fenomen pokoi zagadek wyrasta m.in. z fundamentalnych założeń tzw. gospodarki doświadczeń.
Łódź jako arena wielkich wydarzeń sportowych – wybrane przykłady
Authors: Włodarczyk Bogdan
Published: September 2019

Opracowanie jest próbą przedstawienia Łodzi jako miejsca organizacji znaczących wydarzeń sportowych. Miasto dysponuje kilkoma obiektami sportowymi, które umożliwiają realizację różnego rodzaju spotkań, nawet o charakterze międzynarodowym. W ostatnich latach w oparciu o posiadaną infrastrukturę organizowane były przedsięwzięcia o randze mistrzostw Europy czy mistrzostw świata. Łódź postrzegana jest jako jeden z wiodących ośrodków jeśli chodzi o organizację zawodów związanych z piłką siatkową (mecze ligowe, Liga Mistrzów, Mistrzostwa Polski, Liga Światowa, Mistrzostwa Europy, Mistrzostwa Świata).
The Multiple Sclerosis Self-Management Scale-2: Evaluation of an Updated Scale
Authors: Bishop Malachy L. , Frain Michael P. , Li Jian , Chiu Chung-Yi , McDaniels Bradley , Kim Byung-Jin
Published: September 2019

Objective

The Multiple Sclerosis Self-Management Scale (MSSM) was developed to provide a multidimensional and psychometrically sound assessment of self-management knowledge and behavior among adults with multiple sclerosis (MS). The scale was recently updated with new items to address advances in MS treatment and self-management interventions. We present results of an evaluation of these updates and the psychometric adequacy of the updated MSSM.

Method

Participants were 2,393 adults with MS recruited through the North American Research Committee on Multiple Sclerosis (NARCOMS) registry and selected chapters of the National Multiple Sclerosis Society. Participants completed the MSSM and several additional instruments of function and quality of life. A seven-factor structure of the revised MSSM (MSSM-2) was identified using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and the stability of the factor structure was evaluated using a cross-validation approach.

Results

Factor analysis of the updated MSSM-2 revealed seven factors. Construct validity was supported by factor analysis and correlation of the MSSM with constructs related to self-management.

Conclusion

The MSSM-2 provides a brief, psychometrically sound multidimensional assessment of MS self-management for research and clinical applications.
Citizen Lawsuit in Environmental Cases
Authors: Fatah Abdul
Published: September 2019

The citizen law suit is one of the effective alternatives for the environmental law enforcement. The citizen lawsuit in environmental disputes has been regulated in the PPLH Law specifically Article 91 paragraph (1) and the Chief Justice of the Indonesian Supreme Court Number 36/KMA/SK/II/2013 concerning the Implementation of Guidelines for Handling Environmental Cases. However, there are no specific rules governing citizen lawsuits in Indonesia because it’s not widely known in the Indonesian legal system. This paper argues that there are three main constraints to the practice of citizen lawsuits in environmental cases, namely: (1) the absence of legal rules that specifically regulate citizen lawsuits, especially the reading mechanism; (2) lack of understanding of law enforcement officials (especially judges) regarding citizen lawsuits; and (3) lack of environmental-certified judges in Indonesia, especially in regions.

Keywords: Citizen Lawsuit, Environment, Government
La mujer rusa en el imaginario de los Amigos y Enemigos de la Unión Soviética (1905-1945) = The Russian Woman in the imaginary of the Friends and Enemies of the Soviet Union (1905-1945)
Authors: Rodríguez López Sofía
Published: September 2019

Resumen: En este artículo abordaremos tanto un estado de la cuestión sobre el papel de las mujeres rusas en la Revolución de 1917, como la propaganda que circuló en España sobre su situación en el Estado comunista. En este sentido, veremos cuáles fueron las principales publicaciones, las afiliadas a la Asociación de Amigos de la Unión Soviética entre 1933 y 1938, así como sus vínculos personales con Rusia, o qué aspectos interesaban a nivel legislativo, laboral, familiar o sexual sobre lo que el imaginario entendía cómo “nueva mujer”, “amor libre”, etc., dentro de la dialéctica fascismo/antifascismo. Por otra parte, veremos cómo el bando franquista, la dictadura después y especialmente la Sección Femenina de Falange se encargaron de denostar a esas “madres desnaturalizadas” tras el telón de acero y caricaturizarlas, al menos hasta el final de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, como representación de la Anti-España y la No-Mujer.Palabras clave: Mujeres, Revolución, Propaganda, Amigos de la Unión Soviética, Antikomintern, España.Abstract: In this article, we review the current knowledge on the role of Russian women in the Revolution of 1917 and the propaganda that circulated in Spain about their situation in the Communist State. This involves an analysis of the main publications, affiliated to the Association of Friends of the Soviet Union between 1933 and 1938, their personal links with Russia and the aspects of interest in legislative, labor, family and sexual áreas regarding the imaginary’s understanding of the “new woman”, “free love”, etc., within the dialectic fascism/antifascism. This is supplemented by an exploration of how Francoist supporters, the dictatorship and especially the Feminine Section of the Phalange took it upon themselves to insult these “denatured mothers” behind the iron curtain, caricaturing them, at least until the end of the Second World War, as an Anti-Spain and No-Woman representation.Key words: Women, Revolution, Propaganda, Friends of the Soviet Union, Antikomintern, Spain.
La relación entre Julio César y Décimo Bruto de cara a los idus de marzo: la visión de Sir Ronald Syme y su recepción historiográfica = The relationship between Julius Caesar and Decimus Brutus with regard to the Ides of March: the view of Sir Ronald Syme and its historiographical reception
Authors: Gago Gómez de Luna Mikel
Published: September 2019

Resumen: El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la relación entre J. César y D. Bruto en relación con los idus de marzo en la obra de R. Syme, así como la recepción de la visión del historiador oxoniense en esta materia. A tal fin, comenzaremos realizando una contextualización del tema sobre el que versa el escrito acusando la existencia de un cambio ostensible en el interés de Syme sobre César a partir de 1960. Seguidamente, efectuaremos un análisis de los trabajos del investigador neozelandés en los que se interesó por la cuestión César-Décimo. Y, en fin, estudiaremos los principales estudios que, tras Syme, han retomado el aspecto de la relación entre el dictador y Décimo. Syme reivindica un mayor peso en el cometido de Décimo en la trama criminal de los idus de marzo, y, a su juicio, la hipótesis de atribuir la paternidad de Décimo a César explica mejor el favor que aquel disfruto por parte de este durante toda su carrera. Las contribuciones de Syme allanarán el camino a futuras investigaciones, ora para suscribir sus tesis, ora para discrepar de ellas.Palabras clave: Ronald Syme, Julio César, Décimo Bruto, Historiografía, Historia de Roma.Abstract: The aim of this paper is to study the relationship between J. Caesar and D. Brutus in regard to the Ides of March in the work of R. Syme and the reception of his views on this matter. To this end, we will start contextualizing the subject of the work, noting the existence of an appreciable change in Syme’s interest in Caesar from 1960. Then, the analysis will take up the work of Syme, in which he addresses the issue of Caesar-Brutus. Finally, a review will take in the main works that, after Syme, have resumed the work on this relationship between Caesar and Brutus. Syme claimed Brutus to have played a more significant role in the criminal plot of the Ides of March, and he thinks that the hypothesis of attributing the paternity of Brutus to Caesar explains better the favour that Brutus enjoyed under Caesar throughout his career. Syme’s contributions will pave the way for future researchs, sometimes to concur with his thesis, sometimes to disagree with them.Key words: Ronald Syme, Julius Caesar, Decimus Brutus, Historiography, Roman History.
Los espejos de Clío. Usos y abusos de la Historia en el ámbito escolar
Authors: Escribano-Miralles Ainoa
Published: September 2019

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Clásicos y naturalistas jesuitas. Los antiguos en la interpretación de la naturaleza americana (siglos XVII y XVIII)
Authors: Molino García Ricardo del
Published: September 2019

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Arqueología, museo y sociedad. Juan Lafita y el Museo Arqueológico de Sevilla. La etapa 1925-1936
Authors: Rodríguez Gutiérrez Oliva
Published: September 2019

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Four Weeks of Treatment With Rifaximin Fails to Significantly Alter Microbial Diversity in Rectal Samples of HIV-Infected Immune Non-Responders (ACTG A5286) Which May be Attributed to Rectal Swab Use
Authors: Williams Brett B. , Green Stefan J. , Bosch Ronald J. , Chan Ellen S. , Jacobson Jeffrey M. , Margolis David M. , Engen Phillip , Landay Alan L. , Wilson Cara C.
Published: September 2019

Introduction: HIV-infected individuals have evidence of intestinal microbial translocation which is associated with immune activation and unfavorable clinical outcomes. Rifaximin, a non-absorbable antibiotic which reduces microbial translocation in other disease states, was shown to have a marginal beneficial effect on microbial translocation, T-cell activation, and inflammation in a multisite randomized trial (ACTG A5286; NCT01466595) of HIV-infected persons with poor immunologic recovery receiving ART. Here, we report analysis of the rectal microbiome changes associated with that trial.Methods: HIV-1-infected individuals receiving ART with CD4-T cell count <350cells/mm3 and viral suppression were randomized 2:1 to rifaximin or no therapy for 4 weeks. Rectal swabs were collected at baseline (pre-treatment) and at week 4 of rifaximin therapy. Genomic DNA extracted from rectal swab samples was analyzed using high throughput sequencing and quantitative PCR of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes.Results: Forty-eight HIV-infected participants (31 received rifaximin, 17 no treatment) were included. There was broad variability in the recovery of bacterial rRNA from the specimens at baseline. No major significant (FDR P<0.05) effects of rifaximin treatment on alpha- or beta- diversity or individual taxa were observed between or within the treatment arms, with analyses conducted at taxonomic levels from phylum to genus.Conclusions: Rifaximin did not meaningfully alter the diversity or composition of the rectal microbiome of HIV-infected individuals after 4 weeks of therapy, although rectal swab specimens varied widely in their microbial load.
Studies of antagonistic effect between Lactobacillus sakei on Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Portella Augustus Caeser Franke , Aguiar Raimundo Wagner de Souza , Costa Jefferson da Luz , Da Silva André Luís Lopes , Scheidt Gessiel Newton
Published: September 2019

A atividade antimicrobiana de uma cultura comercial probiótica  deLactobacillus  sakei  (ATCC  1521)  foi avaliada em termos de concentração celular (30, 42, 60, 78 e 90 mcg / ml, 105 - 107UFC/mL), temperatura de incubação (4, 10, 20, 30, 37 ° C) e pH inicial do meio de cultura (3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0 e 5.5) contra três patógenos alimentares, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes e Staphylococcus aureus. O efeito antagônico da cultura probiótica in vitro foi realizada através da aplicação de método quantitativo espectrofotométrico. Os resultados indicaram que uma substância inibitória presente em caldo de cultura de 24 horas poderia ser vantajoso quando mantendo a cultura dominante durante fermentações mais prolongadas. Para a maior produção de ácido láctico (1,04%v/v), o período de incubação da bactéria em caldo MRS foi de 24 horas em condições aeróbicas e a 37 ºC, com um valor de pH mínimo do sobrenadante (3,5). Os dados sugerem que o sobrenadante pode ter atividade bacteriostática significativa contra E. coli,L. monocytogenes e S. aureus, e pode fornecer carnes curadas com um grau de protecção contra este microorganismo, particularmente se empregada com uma combinação de pH ácido, e de refrigeração adequada.
ÇOK ULUSLU ŞİRKETLERDE KURUMSAL KURAMIN ÖNGÖRDÜĞÜ MEŞRUİYET KAZANMA VE EŞBİÇİMLİLİK ÇABALARINA KOŞUL BAĞIMLILIK KURAMI AÇISINDAN BİR BAKIŞ
Authors: ŞEN Cem
Published: September 2019

Bu çalışmada, her ne kadar meşruiyet kazanma ve eşbiçimlilik kavramları kurumsal kurama ait kavramlar olsa da, söz konusu kavramların yerel şirketler için taşıdığı anlamın çok uluslu şirketlerde farklı etkilere sahip olabildiği ve koşul bağımlılık faktörlerine göre değişebildiği sorunsalından yola çıkılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, yeni kurumsal kuram kapsamındaki meşruiyet kazanma ve eşbiçimlilik kavramlarının çok uluslu şirketler tarafından nasıl ele alındığı ve uygulamalarının diğer yerel örgütlerden farklı olup olmadığı koşul bağımlılık faktörleri bağlamında tartışılmaktadır. Özellikle gerekli kaynaklara ulaşma konusunda gerektiğinde kendi ana ülkeleri ve onların kurumlarını, gerektiğinde de faaliyet gösterdiği ev sahibi ülkeler ve onların kurumlarını referans alabilen çok uluslu şirketlerin kendi ana ülkelerinden (iç) ve ev sahibi ülkelerden kaynaklanan (dış) bir kurumsal ikilik (institutional duality) yaşadıkları ifade edilebilir. Çalışma ile çok uluslu şirketler için meşruiyet kazanma ve eşbiçimliliğin hayatta kalma şansını artırmanın tek ve gerek şartı olmadığı açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Çok uluslu şirketlerin bu özel durumu, yeni kurumsal kuramın öne sürdüğü kavramlara koşul bağımlılık kuramı çerçevesinde yaklaşılarak örgüt kuramları yazınının zenginleştirilmesi hedeflenmiştir.
The Evolution of Grooming and Hand Use in Primates: An Interdisciplinary Perspective
Authors: Dunkel Alexander
Published: September 2019

The evolution of manual grooming and its implications have received little attention in the quest to understand the origins of simian primates and their social and technical intelligence. All simians groom manually, whereas prosimians groom orally despite comparable manual dexterity between some members of the two groups. Simians also exhibit a variable propensity for the manipulation of inanimate, non-food objects, which has culminated in tool making and tool use in some species. However, lemuriform primates also seem capable of tool use with training. Furthermore, lemuriforms appear to understand the concept of a tool and use their own body parts as “tools”, despite not using inanimate objects. This suggests that prosimian primates are pre-adapted for proprioceptive object manipulation and tool use, but do not express these cognitive abilities by default. This essay explores the paleontological, anatomical, cognitive, ethological, and neurological roots of these abilities and attempts to explain this behavioural divide between simians and prosimians. Common misconceptions about early primate evolution and captive behaviours are addressed, and chronological inconsistencies with Machiavellian Intelligence are examined. A “licking to picking” hypothesis is also proposed to explain a potential link between manual grooming and object manipulation, and to reconcile the inconsistencies of Machiavellian Intelligence. Bayesian decision theory, the evolution of the parietal cortex and enhanced proprioception, and analogies with behavioural changes resulting from artificial selection may help provide new insights into the minds of both our primate kin and ourselves.
The capability Enhancement of DC-link Voltage Using ARPI Controller for Single-Stage Grid-Connected PV System
Authors: Alhejji Ayman
Published: September 2019

The article introduces a new solution approach to grid-connected single-stage three-phase PV inverter whereby a dc-link voltage can successfully achieve the desired performance. As a single-stage, the variable output of perturb and observe maximum power point tracking (P&O based-MPPT) is fully utilized as dc-link voltage reference in inverter control scheme. As a result, it is challenging for the dc-link voltage to preserve energy balance by tracking its variable dc-link voltage reference under unpredictable environmental changes. To overcome this challenge, an adaptive reference proportional-integral (ARPI) controller, self-tuning, is designed and implemented to compel the dc-link voltage tracking its voltage reference to be equal as closely as possible; hence, the capability of the dc-link under abnormal events substantially guarantees the best energy balance and transient performance enhancement. To verify the validity of the method, simulation results for multiple events scenarios on 250 KW single-stage grid-connected PV systems show the effectiveness of the ARPI controller compared with PI controller.