bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new species of sponge crab of the genus Epigodromia McLay 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Dromiidae) from the southeastern Arabian Sea, with notes on the Zoogeography
Authors: PREMA MANI , CUBELIO SHERINE SONIA
Published: August 2024

A new dromiid crab, Epigodromia mclayi sp. nov., is described from the southeastern Arabian Sea and southwestern Bay of Bengal, India, based on 2 males collected onboard FORV Sagar Sampada cruises 392 and 236, respectively at depths of 107–113 m. Epigodromia mclayi sp. nov., resembles E. areolata (Ihle, 1913) from Indonesia and Australia but can be easily distinguished by the conspicuously rounded carapace with well-defined regions and areolate ornamentation, anterolateral margin with two lobes, each adorned with small 5–9 distinct teeth, relatively more inflated branchial region, presence of a large conical tooth behind the posterior branchial granular node, large rounded granular chelipeds, not strongly dimorphic, more tubular ambulatory legs with nodules on meri and propodi, dactyli with 5–7 small spines, and strongly reduced last pair of legs with propodi bearing three similar sized spines on the anterior margin and a distal spine on the posterior margin opposed to deeply curved dactylus. This is the second new species of Epigodromia McLay, 1993 discovered in Indian waters, it raises the species number 11.
Three new species of Capitellidae (Annelida) from France
Authors: MAGALHÃES WAGNER F. , LAVESQUE NICOLAS , LAMARQUE BASTIEN
Published: August 2024

Sampling in shallow sediments of Bay of Biscay up to 70 m has yielded three undescribed capitellids. Mediomastus biscayensis sp. nov. is distinct from its congeners by a combination of characters that includes the presence of bilimbate thoracic capillaries, thoracic and abdominal hooks similar in shape and length and distinct Methyl Green staining pattern with chaetigers 5–9 having sparse green speckles and chaetigers 10–11 with dense green speckles. Notomastus hutchingsae sp. nov. is a very distinct Notomastus species because of the presence of two achaetous segments in the thoracic region and the shape of the thoracic segments with a constriction after segment 4, and after segment 6 segments becoming distinctly separated and bi-annulated. The newly proposed Peresiella ellae sp. nov. is most similar to its Atlantic congener P. spathulata Ewing, 1984 by the absence of eyespots and presence of modified spatulate chaetae on chaetiger 4–11, but differing by the presence of two peristomial annuli, shape of thoracic and abdominal segments, number of spatulate chaetae per tori and dentition of hooded hooks. All species are fully described, illustrated and commented on according to their closest congeners.
“Cops Need Doxxed”: Releasing Personal Information of Police Officers as a Tool of Political Harassment
Authors: Huey Laura , Ferguson Lorna , Towns Zachary
Published: August 2024

The present study explores the phenomenon of doxxing and, in particular, the use of doxxing as a form of harassment against police officers. This work relies on an analysis of in-depth interviews with 65 ( n = 65) police officers from across Canada, each of whom has had experiences of policing politically contested events. Drawing on our data, we outline specific examples of the doxxing of police officers, before exploring the political and other impacts on both police agencies and individual officers. We conclude with a discussion of the need for police and policymakers to begin considering the need for potential changes to policy and practice in order to protect workers from off-duty harassment.
Canada's instruments of national power suffer from crippling human resources vulnerabilities
Authors: Juneau Thomas
Published: August 2024

Canada faces an increasingly difficult international environment. The to-do list is extensive: decades of neglect and underinvestment mean that every instrument of national power - diplomacy, defence, development, intelligence, national security, law enforcement - all suffer from chronic under-investment. Perhaps most strikingly, Canada has also not produced a comprehensive national security policy since 2004. These vulnerabilities are being increasingly discussed publicly. There is, however, one persistent problem that underlies these vulnerabilities and systematically fails to receive the attention it deserves, both in public debates and inside government: human resources.
Canada and Japan can play a role in rebuilding a rules-based trade order
Authors: Davis Christina L.
Published: August 2024

The rules-based trade order confronts a crisis as both rule-making and enforcement have stalled in the World Trade Organization (WTO). Locked in great power rivalry, the United States and China are undermining the rules, making it necessary for middle powers like Canada and Japan to lead a coalition to reform the WTO. Working together they should advocate for greater transparency over subsidy policies and guidelines for how to balance security goals with economic cooperation.
School composition and academic achievement: The case of Russian-medium and Polish-medium schools in Lithuania
Authors: Dunajeva Jekatyerina , Kroezen Taylor , Siarova Hanna
Published: August 2024

After Lithuania re-gained its independence, linguistic and cultural minority groups residing in the country had the right to be educated in non-Lithuanian-medium schools. Yet, the education of linguistic minority children has been a contentious topic in Lithuania for many years, and there is no conclusive evidence on how minority-language-medium schools in Lithuania perform academically, with national assessment suggesting that they perform worse than Lithuanian-speaking schools, and international assessment showing mixed results. Our research focuses on Russian- and Polish-medium schools and analyses the difference in academic performance among children attending Lithuanian-medium school and minority-language schools, as well as its reasons and social implications. Using the OECD Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) data, we find that minority-language children perform better when attending a school in which the language of instruction is the same as their home language.
Treatment randomisation at animal or pen level?
Authors: Duchateau Luc , Dockx Robrecht , Goethals Klara , Vynck Matthijs , Vangroenweghe Frédéric , Burvenich Christian
Published: August 2024

Random treatment assignment is essential in demonstrating a causal relationship between a treatment and the outcome of interest. Randomisation ensures that animals assigned to different treatment groups do not differ from each other systematically, except for the randomly assigned treatment. The randomisation pattern should also dictate the statistical analysis.
About statistical significance, and the lack thereof
Authors: Magara Fulvio , Boury-Jamot Benjamin
Published: August 2024

Absence of statistical significance (i.e., p > 0.05) in the results of a frequentist test comparing two samples is often used as evidence of absence of difference, or absence of effect of a treatment, on the measured variable. Such conclusions are often wrong because absence of significance may merely result from a sample size that is too small to reveal an effect. To conclude that there is no meaningful effect of a treatment/condition, it is necessary to use an appropriate statistical approach. For frequentist statistics, a simple tool for this goal is the ‘two one-sided t-test,’ a form of equivalence test that relies on the a priori definition of a minimal difference considered to be relevant. In other words, the smallest effect size of interest should be established in advance. We present the principles of this test and give examples where it allows correct interpretation of the results of a classical t-test assuming absence of difference. Equivalence tests are also very useful in probing whether certain significant results are also biologically meaningful, because when comparing large samples it is possible to find significant results in both an equivalence test and in a two-sample t-test, assuming no difference as the null hypothesis.
Restraint of patients in psychiatric hospitals in England and Wales
Authors: Andoh Benjamin
Published: August 2024

The restraint of patients is one of the important aspects of the regime in psychiatric hospitals. It has been an issue in hospitals over the years because it interferes with the personal freedom of patients. Most recently it was one of the matters raised in X NHS Foundation Trust v RH [2024] EWCOP 150. This paper aims to add to the awareness of it by looking at what it means, the forms it may take and the justifications for it. It is concluded that restraint of patients is controversial but reasonable and necessary at times in the interests of the patient’s own health/safety or that of others.
Topology-based parametric modeling of three-dimensional hexagonal braids for advanced composite structures
Authors: Ren Chengwei , Gong Xiaobo , Liu Zong , Li Jinyu , Xie Fang , Jia Fei , Zhang Tao
Published: August 2024

Three-dimensional hexagonal braiding technology is an advanced method with significant potential for producing geometrically complex, large-scale braided fabrics. However, efficient geometric modeling of such intricate braid architectures remains challenging. This article presents a topology-based parametric modeling framework to effectively link three-dimensional hexagonal braiding process parameters to resultant fabric structures. The core innovation is a modeling tool that swiftly generates the yarn network topology and complete three-dimensional geometry of braids based on specified production conditions without restrictions on the number of layers. We utilize this tool to simulate diverse braiding patterns and systematically assess the influence of key process variables on the emerging fabric configuration. We identify a unit cell motif in multilayered versions that may provide insights into mechanical properties. Then, to extend the tool’s utility, we introduce a novel concentric circle projection technique that enables structural modeling of hollow three-dimensional hexagonal braided tubes critical for high-performance composites. The versatility of this parameterization scheme could bolster the development of novel braid-derived engineering materials. Finally, tubular braided preforms and lamellar braided preforms were produced to verify the accuracy of the parametric modeling algorithm.
Measurement and evaluation of down jacket fabrics by tactile, visual and auditory sense, Part I: objective evaluation
Authors: Tian Yuan , Du Zhaoqun , Zheng Dongming , Zou Haochen
Published: August 2024

In order to evaluate fabric style better, 20 down jacket fabrics of different types (material, structure, warp and weft density, surface texture) were selected for a variety of sensory style evaluations, including touch, vision and auditory sense, so as to understand the characteristics and quality of the fabrics more comprehensively. Based on the principal component analysis of 16 indexes obtained by the comprehensive handle evaluation system for fabrics and yarns (CHES-FY test), five principal components and comprehensive handle evaluation models were obtained. Various sensorial analyses were used to explore the relationship between tactile style, visual style, and auditory style. In order to combine the tactile, visual, and auditory styles to evaluate fabrics, a multi-sensory style evaluation instrument was developed based on the CHES-FY system. The results showed that there was significant correlation among the three sensory style indicators. By comparing the results obtained from the multi-sensory style evaluation instrument with other instruments, it was concluded that this instrument can simply evaluate the fabric style, combine the three senses of vision, touch, and hearing, provide a variety of combination information, enhance the availability of the instrument, and provide a new idea for the design of the fabric style evaluation instruments.
Productivity enhancement of continuous miners packages of underground mines with energy conservation in industrial sectors
Authors: Siddiqui Mohd Ahtesham Hussain , Chattopadhyaya Somnath , Sharma Shubham , Li Changhe , Zhang Yanbin , Kumar Abhinav , Kozak Dražan , Abbas Mohamed , Lozanovic Jasmina
Published: August 2024

Energy auditing is crucial for both emerging and developed nations, focusing on aspects such as energy efficiency, quality and intensity. This becomes especially significant in the industrial sector, where major operating costs involve materials, machinery, personnel and energy. A key objective is identifying energy consumption in the Continuous Miner Machine, boasting a 1050 KW connected load, to explore opportunities for energy savings and improved quality. The execution of an energy audit promises increased efficiency, enhanced power quality, reduced costs and prevention of energy wastage. This research study has meticulously examined the electrical equipment supplying power to Continuous Miner Machines, proposing modifications to boost production through energy-efficient methods. Comprehensive assessments of primary substations, including Incomers, Transformers, Feeders, etc., involve tests for voltage, current, power factor, harmonics and AC waveform. Thermal imaging is employed to analyze the operational temperature of the electrical equipment. The graphical representations of test outcomes have highlighted a significant recommendation: installing an Automatic Power Factor Controller on the inductive load side of transformers could lead to a notable 3.85% reduction in energy costs.
Looking White But Feeling Asian: The Role of Perceived Membership Permeability and Perceived Discrimination in Multiracial-Monoracial Alliances
Authors: Merrell Wilson N. , Vossoughi Nadia , Kteily Nour S. , Ho Arnold K.
Published: August 2024

Relatively little is known about the extent to which multiracial people stand in solidarity with their parent groups. Here, we draw from social identity theory to examine predictors of Asian-White multiracial people’s solidarity with Asian and White people, Asian monoracial people’s meta-perceptions of these solidarity levels, and consequences of these meta-perceptions for intergroup relations. Studies 1a–b show that Asian-White multiracial people stand in solidarity more strongly with Asian people than White people, especially when they perceive high levels of anti-Asian discrimination, and even when they believe they physically look White. Studies 2a–b demonstrate that Asian monoracial people incorrectly believe that physically White-looking Asian-White multiracial people stand in solidarity more strongly with White people, and these pessimistic meta-perceptions are associated with more rejection of multiracial people. Study 3 provides a causal link between meta-perceptions and rejection while providing preliminary evidence that correcting these solidarity meta-perceptions can improve intergroup attitudes.
Subjective Cognitive Dysfunction in Chronic Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Synthesis
Authors: Cuevas Heather , Heitkemper Elizabeth , Kim Jeeyeon
Published: August 2024

Background:

Qualitative studies have examined the experiences of subjective cognitive dysfunction in specific populations or specific disease stages, but there has not yet been a systematic synthesis and evaluation of findings related to perceptions of subjective cognitive dysfunction in nondementia-related chronic illnesses.

Objective:

The aim of this study was 2-fold: (1) to undertake a systematic review of experiences of subjective cognitive dysfunction in people with nondementia-related chronic disease and (2) to develop an explanatory framework to describe the experiences of living with subjective cognitive dysfunction.

Methods:

Four databases were systematically searched for studies on subjective cognitive dysfunction up to June 2023. Qualitative synthesis was conducted on the final sample (N = 25) using Sandelowski’s adaptation of Nobilt and Hare’s reciprocal transactional analysis method. Critical appraisal was completed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist.

Results:

Through constant comparison of key concepts, findings were organized within 4 interrelated themes that informed a conceptual explanatory model of adapting to living with subjective cognitive dysfunction: (1) symptoms, (2) health care, (3) perceptions of self, and (4) relationships. Participants highlighted how subjective cognitive dysfunction affected interactions in health care settings and involved other symptoms that in turn complicated meaning, self-enhancement, and mastery.

Conclusions:

Our model of the process of adapting provides a new way to conceptualize cognitive dysfunction in chronic illness and suggests opportunities for health care professionals to support patients and their families. The results highlight the need for more research to better understand the role of subjective cognitive dysfunction in nondementia-related chronic illnesses. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021231410).
Nurturing Longitudinal Samples 2.0
Authors: Stuifbergen Alexa K. , Becker Heather , Kullberg Vicki , Palesh Oxana , Kesler Shelli R.
Published: August 2024

Background:

While longitudinal designs can provide significant advantages compared to single measurement/cross sectional designs, they require careful attention to study infrastructure and the risk of attrition among the sample over multiple time points.

Objective:

The strategies used to design and manage an appropriate infrastructure for a longitudinal study and approaches to retain samples are explored using examples from 2 studies, a 25-year study of persons living with multiple sclerosis and a 10-year longitudinal follow-up of breast cancer survivors.

Results:

Key strategies (developing appropriate infrastructure, minimizing costs to participants, and maximizing rewards of study participation) have helped address the serious threat of attrition in these longitudinal samples.

Conclusion:

Implementation of these strategies can help mitigate some of the disadvantages and leverage the strengths of longitudinal research to produce reliable, insightful, and impactful outcomes.
Pretreatment with oleuropein protects the neonatal brain from hypoxia-ischemia by inhibiting apoptosis and neuroinflammation
Authors: Reyes-Corral Marta , Gil-González Laura , González-Díaz Ángela , Tovar-Luzón Javier , Ayuso María Irene , Lao-Pérez Miguel , Montaner Joan , de la Puerta Rocío , Fernández-Torres Rut , Ybot-González Patricia
Published: August 2024

Hypoxic-ischemic (HI) encephalopathy is a cerebrovascular injury caused by oxygen deprivation to the brain and remains a major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Therapeutic hypothermia is the current standard of care but it does not provide complete neuroprotection. Our aim was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of oleuropein (Ole) in a neonatal (seven-day-old) mouse model of HI. Ole, a secoiridoid found in olive leaves, has previously shown to reduce damage against cerebral and other ischemia/reperfusion injuries. Here, we administered Ole as a pretreatment prior to HI induction at 20 or 100 mg/kg. A week after HI, Ole significantly reduced the infarct area and the histological damage as well as white matter injury, by preserving myelination, microglial activation and the astroglial reactive response. Twenty-four hours after HI, Ole reduced the overexpression of caspase-3 and the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α. Moreover, using UPLC-MS/MS we found that maternal supplementation with Ole during pregnancy and/or lactation led to the accumulation of its metabolite hydroxytyrosol in the brains of the offspring. Overall, our results indicate that pretreatment with Ole confers neuroprotection and can prevent HI-induced brain damage by modulating apoptosis and neuroinflammation.
Students as Value Co-Creators in the Business Education Ecosystem
Authors: Petrescu Maria , Gironda John T. , Krishen Anjala S. , Dudau Adina , Fergurson J.Ricky , Stewart Steven A. , Kitchen Philip , Fine Monica
Published: August 2024

Departing from the dyadic paradigm of students versus business schools in marketing and business education, this article utilizes a pluralistic perspective to account for and investigate various stakeholder groups’ value expectations and roles as we develop and examine a value co-creation ecosystem framework for marketing and business education. Service-Dominant Logic and Authority Theory are used as theoretical lenses along with a mixed-method approach to conduct three studies: (a) a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), (b) a qualitative conceptual mapping content analysis, and (c) a three-round quantitative Delphi study. The results provide insights into the differing elements of value and level of authority expected by various stakeholders in marketing education. This research significantly contributes to the pluralist perspective, gaining ground in business education research by extending previous work. In addition, the article contributes to the Service-Dominant Logic and Authority Theory literature by integrating the two to improve the explanatory power of value co-creation ecosystems to an expertise-led service such as marketing education. Theoretically, integrating Service-Dominant Logic and Authority Theory generates fruitful avenues to uncover what matters to business school education stakeholders.
Public Perceptions of Memory Failures in Infant ‘Hot Car’ Deaths
Authors: Krackow Elisa , Elias Hannah
Published: August 2024

Caregivers can forget young children in the back of the car, thereby resulting in the tragic circumstance of infant death. The current exploratory study examined whether the public (N = 171) believes a memory explanation when the defendant caregiver relationship to the child is varied and when expert witness testimony is and is not provided regarding the processes by which these memory failures can occur. Adult participants believed that a memory failure played a role when the defendant caregiver was the grandfather as opposed to when the caregiver was the father. Expert witness testimony did not impact this belief. Other memory-related variables impacted perceptions of defendant guilt when defendant guilt was measured continuously but not dichotomously. Numerous non-memory related outcome variables were also studied. Defendant relationship and expert witness testimony impacted different memory-related and non-memory related outcome variables. Results are discussed in terms of age-related forgetting and collective vulnerability versus prospective memory failures. Implications regarding the legal system are considered.
Relationships between Transportation Expenditures and Built Environment in the United States: Insights from Interpretable Machine-Learning Approach
Authors: Lee Sangwan
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the relationships between transportation expenditures and built environment (i.e., the D variables) in the United States using interpretable machine-learning (IML). Key findings include significant associations between these features, collectively contributing to 70.2 percent of feature importance. The study uncovers nonlinear relationships, such as transportation expenditures significantly declining after the compactness index value of 8. In addition, a pronounced reduction in transportation expenditures occurs when the job accessibility index falls below 4. This research contributes to (1) offering empirical evidence from nationwide analysis and (2) highlighting the potential of IML in improving our understanding, and (3) providing implications.
Ethical challenges in healthcare innovation: A leadership perspective
Authors: Ilse Renate
Published: August 2024

Innovation is essential for advancing and sustaining healthcare systems, particularly in hospitals. While innovation offers solutions to challenges such as chronic disease management, access to care, and patient safety, it also introduces significant ethical dilemmas for health leaders. This column explores the broad ethical issues associated with healthcare innovation, focusing on resource allocation, support for diverse healthcare professions, equitable access to care, and the emphasis on technology-based innovations. It highlights the complexities of funding innovation through government, private sector, universities, donors, and the unpaid work of healthcare providers. The column also addresses the disparities in innovation support across different professions and the potential for innovation to exacerbate healthcare inequities. Potential solutions are proposed, including the establishment of interdisciplinary councils, dedicated innovation funds, and public-private partnerships. By prioritizing ethical leadership and balanced innovation strategies, health leaders can ensure that advancements benefit all stakeholders, fostering a more equitable and sustainable healthcare system in Canada.
The Role of Identity and Gender Beliefs in Self-Identification of Abuse for Male Victims of IPV
Authors: Vail Summer L. , Spencer Chelsea M. , Moore Mariah , Keilholtz Brooke M.
Published: August 2024

Men experience numerous barriers in seeking help or resources after intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization, with one barrier being a reluctance or lack of ability to identify that they have been victims of IPV. This study examines factors relating to male victims of IPV self-identification of abuse. Using a gender socialization approach, demographics and facets of masculine honor ideology were tested to see whether they were significantly related to self-identifying as experiencing abuse in their relationship. Using a sample of 289 men, the frequency of individuals who self-identified as someone who had been in an abusive relationship was compared to the number of individuals who indicated IPV victimization on the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2), and percentages of correct identification were calculated. In addition, a binary logistic regression was run to examine factors that were related to someone identifying as a victim of IPV compared to those that were not. When directly asked if they had ever experienced abuse in a romantic relationship, a total of 41 (14.2%) men self-identified as having been a victim of IPV. However, when examining scores on the CTS2, 69 (23.9%) reported some sexual IPV, 201 (69.6%) indicated psychological abuse, and 59 (20.4%) indicated physical abuse. Subscales of the Masculine Honor Belief Scale were not found to have a significant relationship with self-identification, but differences were found among types of IPV and demographics. Specifically, men who identify as LGBTQ+ were significantly more likely to identify when they experienced IPV victimization. Barriers to male self-identification and treatment are discussed.
Exploring the Mechanism of Adult Users’ Cyber-Aggression Against Adolescents: The Roles of Online Communication, Age Group Identity, and Online Moral Disengagement
Authors: Chen Yueying , Chen Hongliang
Published: August 2024

The increasing prevalence of adults’ prejudice against adolescents on the Internet could cause opposing attitudes and even online aggression against teenagers. Yet, such age discrimination is less challenged compared to other social biases in cyberspace. Employing a social identity approach, this study aims to explore how features of online communication, teen-related personal experiences, and the dual identity of adult aggressors influence online moral disengagement (OMD), motives, and behaviors for cyber-aggression. We conducted an online survey of 767 Chinese adults in May 2023. The results demonstrated that perceived controllability of online speech, negative teen-related online experiences, and generation-based bias were positively associated with OMD. Next, adult respondents’ self-serving motives positively predicted moderate and severe cyber-aggression, while educational motives only increased moderate cyber-aggression. Mediation analysis revealed that generation-based bias was the sole significant factor that amplified OMD, self-serving motives, educational motives, and cyber-aggression behaviors. In contrast, the effects of lifestage-based bias were insignificant. Our findings yield insights into individuals’ moral transgressions in digital environments and shed light on the dynamics of the identity of adult aggressors in age-based discrimination. This study suggests that empathy from adults and age-appropriate prevention by online platforms are crucial to address online aggression against young generations.
Modification of bisphenol a type epoxy resin by biobased magnolol epoxy
Authors: Wang Ming Yuan , Yu Shou Wu , Zhao Chen Jing , Zhang Tian Yu , Hou Gui Xiang
Published: August 2024

Reducing the dependence of epoxy resin preparation on petroleum resources and developing thermosetting epoxy resins with excellent comprehensive performance are important directions for the current development of epoxy resins. This article uses biomass resource magnolol as the main raw material to prepare magnolol epoxy monomer (DGEM). Then, using 4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) as the curing agent, the DGEM and bisphenol A epoxy resin (E44) were blended and cured. The results showed a dual modification effect of DGEM on the toughening and strengthening of E44 epoxy resin. When the mass ratio of DGEM to E44 is 30:70, the bending strength of the cured blended resin is 18.7% higher than that of the E44 system, and the tensile strength is 57.7% higher. When the mass ratio of DGEM to E44 is 5:95, the cured blended resin exhibits the optimal impact strength (5.10 kJ/mol), which is 22.9% higher than the pure E44 system. However, the addition of DGEM reduced the glass transition temperature and crosslinking degree of the blended resin system. The addition of DGEM improves the heat resistance and flame retardancy of the blended resin. When the mass ratio of DGEM: E44 was 50:50, the vertical combustion reached UL-94 V-0 level.
Children Sustain Cooperation in a Threshold Public-Goods Game Even When Seeing Others’ Outcomes
Authors: Kanngiesser Patricia , Sunderarajan Jahnavi , Hafenbrädl Sebastian , Woike Jan K.
Published: August 2024

Many societal challenges are threshold dilemmas requiring people to cooperate to reach a threshold before group benefits can be reaped. Yet receiving feedback about others’ outcomes relative to one’s own ( relative feedback) can undermine cooperation by focusing group members’ attention on outperforming each other. We investigated the impact of relative feedback compared to individual feedback (only seeing one’s own outcome) on cooperation in children from Germany and India (6- to 10-year-olds, N = 240). Using a threshold public-goods game with real water as a resource, we show that, although feedback had an effect, most groups sustained cooperation at high levels in both feedback conditions until the end of the game. Analyses of children’s communication (14,374 codable utterances) revealed more references to social comparisons and more verbal efforts to coordinate in the relative-feedback condition. Thresholds can mitigate the most adverse effects of social comparisons by focusing attention on a common goal.
Triply periodic minimal surface based lattices for acoustic performance
Authors: Chouhan Ganesh , Bidare Prveen , Bala Murali Gunji
Published: August 2024

Environmental noise pollution is exacerbated by accelerated urbanization and different sources generate a unique sound spectrum. To address the aforementioned issue, triply periodic minimal surface acoustic absorbers were additively manufactured with three geometrical parameters (porosity, sample thickness, and wall thickness) patterns to absorb sound across a wide range of frequencies. TPMS absorbers made from Abs resin were manufactured using VAT polymerization additive manufacturing (SLA) technology. The acoustic properties of these absorbers were evaluated using the impedance tube technique across a frequency range of 100-6400 Hz and discussed. The four TPMS absorbers exhibit slight variations in density as a result of their distinct unit cell sizes, which are necessary to uphold constant porosity levels. This study found multiple parameters, especially the nature of the surfaces, porosity ranges, sample thicknesses, and wall thickness of the tested sound-absorbing TPMS 3D printed structure, significantly impacted the sound absorption performance. At the ideal process parameters of 80% lattice porosity, 60 mm sample thickness, and 0.8 mm wall thickness, the gyroid lattice obtained a peak sound absorption coefficient of 0.945, a noise reduction coefficient of 0.50, and an average sound absorption of 0.575. The suggested 3D-printed TPMS acoustic absorbers, inspired by nature, can be placed on construction walls or transportation applications, depending on the desired acoustic absorption range.
Nano-enhanced lipid and essential polyunsaturated fatty acid production by Thraustochytrium sp.: Boosting nutraceuticals and biodiesel industries
Authors: Chauhan Ajeet Singh , Singhania Reeta Rani , Patel Anil Kumar , Chandra Kunal , Dong Cheng-Di
Published: August 2024

In recent years, microbial platforms for biofuels and nutraceuticals have gained recognition as sustainable alternatives. This study investigates titanium dioxide nanoparticles’ effect on lipid and omega fatty acid production in Thraustochytrium sp. Both titanium dioxide and nitrogen starvation independently enhance lipid content, with a synergistic effect observed when combined. Titanium dioxide increases lipid content by 37.69% (up to 78.84%), while nitrogen starvation achieves a 34.91% enhancement (total lipid 75.92 ± 2.43%). The combined approach yields the highest lipid content at 81.48 ± 3.14%, denoting a 46.19% increase. Additionally, titanium dioxide increases omega-6 (LA by 66.95%) and omega-9 (OA by 44.98%) levels, while nitrogen starvation enhances omega-3 (mainly EPA, by 91.83%) levels. This eco-friendly strategy has implications for bioenergy and nutraceuticals, offering a cost-effective means of enhancing oleaginous microorganisms for biodiesel production. The research outcomes contribute to addressing key obstacles in cost-efficient biodiesel production, impacting the economic landscape of the biodiesel industry.
Exploring artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots adoption among research scholars using unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT)
Authors: Chen Guanhua , Fan Jiamei , Azam Mehreen
Published: August 2024

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools, such as chatbots, has significantly increased in academia and research. The present study seeks to determine the key factors influencing chatbot adoption, as well as attempts to validate the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) in the context of AI chatbots adoption among research scholars. The data for this study were collected through purposive sampling using a cross-sectional survey. The population of the study comprised research scholars enrolled in three public sector universities in Pakistan. The eight-factor proposed measurement model was estimated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) based on 30 valid items. The goodness of fit indices suggest a favourable fit for the model χ2 = 1.710, DF = 381; p = 0.000; IFI = .902; TLI = 0.886, CFI = 0.900, RMSEA = 0.056. Our research affirms that social influence, trust, and facilitating conditions play pivotal roles as primary predictors of behavioural intentions for AI chatbots adoption among scholars. The study suggests that the perceived risks associated with using AI chatbots due to their potential misuse can be minimized by effectively implementing AI user guidelines, and developing AI literacy among scholars. Information professionals and ethical libraries can play an important role in “building the bridge” between cutting-edge technology capabilities and information users’ needs and rights. The proposed eight-factor AI chatbots adoption model holds substantial potential in understanding the influence of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, trust, perceived risk, and facilitating conditions on behavioural intention to AI chatbots adoption. This study contributes to the limited body of research investigating the factors influencing AI chatbot adoption among research scholars using the UTAUT model with additional constructs for trust and perceived risk.
New clinical trial design borrowing information across patient subgroups based on fusion-penalized regression models
Authors: Kerioui Marion , Iasonos Alexia , Gönen Mithat , Arfé Andrea
Published: August 2024

In cancer research, basket trials aim to assess the efficacy of a drug using baskets, wherein patients are organized into subgroups according to their tumor type. In this context, using information borrowing strategy may increase the probability of detecting drug efficacy in active baskets, by shrinking together the estimates of the parameters characterizing the drug efficacy in baskets with similar drug activity. Here, we propose to use fusion-penalized logistic regression models to borrow information in the setting of a phase 2 single-arm basket trial with binary outcome. We describe our proposed strategy and assess its performance via a simulation study. We assessed the impact of heterogeneity in drug efficacy, prevalence of each tumor types and implementation of interim analyses on the operating characteristics of our proposed design. We compared our approach with two existing designs, relying on the specification of prior information in a Bayesian framework to borrow information across similar baskets. Notably, our approach performed well when the effect of the drug varied greatly across the baskets. Our approach offers several advantages, including limited implementation efforts and fast computation, which is essential when planning a new trial as such planning requires intensive simulation studies.
Microbial culture collections: Stanley Morris Martin, the first international conference (Ottawa 1962), and beyond
Authors: Duffin Jacalyn
Published: August 2024

Culture collections originated in the 19th century, but it was not until 1962 that the first international conference was held at the National Research Council in Ottawa, Canada. Microbes—like epidemics—know no borders. Collectors were concerned with public health as well as science. For the 1962 meeting, 266 scientists came from 25 countries. They recommended a special section for collections within the International Association of Microbiological Societies. By 1970, it became the World Federation of Culture Collections, which still coordinates collections worldwide. Canadian microbiologist Stanley Morris Martin (1920–2007) who had handled local arrangements for the Ottawa meeting became the inaugural president, serving from 1970 to 1976. Originally an expert on enzymes, Martin embraced his role within the international network and championed peaceful uses of microbes and the establishment of collections in developing countries. But after his retirement, he seemed to disappear. Drawing upon scientific contributions, newspapers, and interviews, this article explores the conference, its programme, challenges, and legacy. It also tracks the long-forgotten career of Stanley Martin.
Ibn Wāfid Andalusi, a medieval physician, pharmacist, and botanist, with a look at his most important work Al-Adwiyah Al-Mufradah
Authors: Memariani Zahra , Hashemimehr Mohammad , Mohammadi Fatemeh
Published: August 2024

The mastery of medical sciences, pharmacy, and botany can be seen in the records of Andalusian scientists. This descriptive-analytical research introduces one of the scientists of the 10th and 11th centuries AD. Medical knowledge and its affiliates are taken from the medical heritage of ancient civilizations. Andalusian scientists changed Andalusia's agricultural and economic situation by adopting new agricultural methods, especially irrigation and planting of medicinal plants. The name of Ibn Wāfid shines among Andalusian scholars. He was one of the theorists in the field of pharmacology in the Middle Ages. His practical method of treating patients is remarkable. His therapies tend to use nutritional methods more than prescribing drugs. He preferred single medications to compound ones. He insisted on curing diseases through hydrotherapy in mineral springs. While working in botany, Ibn Wāfid also specialized in medicine and pharmacy. He also benefits from the experiences of his master Zahrāwi while using the works of Galen, Aristotle, and Dioscorides. One of his honours was the establishment of several botanical gardens for the kings of the time. Ibn Wāfid's attempt at the flourishing of pharmacology, botany, and medicine can be considered a significant contribution to the visibility of these sciences in Medieval Andalusia.
Dr. Wu Mengchao (1922–2021), founder and pioneer of Chinese hepatobiliary surgery
Authors: Duan Shaoming
Published: August 2024

Wu Mengchao had been engaged in basic and clinical research in hepatobiliary surgery since the 1950s and is recognised as the founder and pioneer of hepatobiliary surgery in China. In his career of over 60 years, Wu performed over 16,000 operations and made numerous breakthroughs in hepatobiliary surgery, liver cancer signal transduction, immunotherapy and molecular pathology research. Wu's series of achievements have driven the innovative development of basic theoretical research on the liver in China, establishing it as a long-term international leader in the field of hepatobiliary surgery. This biography elucidates Wu's outstanding contributions to the establishment and development of Chinese hepatobiliary surgery.
Isabella Barbour ‘Ella’ Pirrie (1857–1929): Pioneering contributions to British nursing
Authors: Bharadwaj Hareesha Rishab , Shah Muhammad Hamza , Mehta Kahan
Published: August 2024

Miss Isabella “Ella” Barbour Pirrie (1857–1929) made substantial contributions to nursing through her work in Belfast and Edinburgh. Born to a notable medical family, Pirrie's inclination toward nursing was influenced by her father's profession. She trained at the Liverpool Royal Infirmary and was mentored by Florence Nightingale, whose guidance shaped her nursing philosophy and practices. Notably, Pirrie's role in the Belfast Union Workhouse Infirmary was transformative; she championed the implementation of standardized nursing uniforms, enhancing the professional standing and recognition of nurses. Her efforts led to the establishment of a formal nursing training program in Belfast, despite facing significant resistance and challenges. In 1894, Pirrie moved to Edinburgh to become the First Matron at the Lady Grisell Baillie Memorial Hospital. Her tenure there was marked by significant advancements in nursing education, including the establishment of a community and district nursing department. By the end of her service, over 140 nurses had been trained, with many pursuing international missions. Despite her resignation in 1914 due to health issues, Pirrie continued her work as the superintendent of the Deaconess Rest Home in Edinburgh until her death in 1929. Her legacy is commemorated by a statue at Belfast City Hospital and a plaque at Greyfriars' Charteris Sanctuary, reflecting her profound impact on nursing education and the professionalization of the field.
Should Mother Baby Units be renamed Parent Baby Units? A critical reflection on gendered language in perinatal psychiatry
Authors: Isobel Sophie
Published: August 2024

Objective

Mother Baby Units provide mental health care to parents experiencing severe perinatal mental illness. The majority of admitted parents identify as mothers and are the birthing parent and primary caregiver for their infants. However, there is increasing recognition of transgender and gender diverse people who birth and parent infants, as well as awareness of the mental health needs of fathers, people in same-sex relationships, and other non-birthing parents. As such there are moves to use ungendered language for health services including renaming these units as Parent Baby Units. This paper explores this debate, critically reflecting on emergent tensions.

Conclusion

Movements towards, and resistance against, changing language in perinatal mental health care are attempts to ensure the visibility of groups within mainstream services. Whether to adopt new terminology is a complex question. But ensuring MBUs meet the needs of people who require them should remain paramount.
Genetic Testing in Craniofacial Care: Development of Algorithms for Testing Patients with Orofacial Clefting, Branchial Arch Anomalies, and Craniosynostosis
Authors: Gallagher Emily R. , Chow Penny , Mills Maria R. , Perry Hazel , Tam Allison C. , Rosenbluth Glenn , Gutierrez Yvonne R. , Shamshoni Jessica Kianmahd , Matthews Marisa , Schweitzer Daniela N. , Hing Anne
Published: August 2024

Objective

To develop consensus-based algorithms for genetic testing in patients with common craniofacial conditions.

Design

An online collaborative consisting of online meetings, independent work, and feedback across groups. Setting/Participants: A collaborative of genetics and pediatrics providers from three regional craniofacial centers (four institutions).

Methods

Collaborative participants agreed upon a shared initial framework, developed algorithms independently, and presented/tested the algorithms with a national audience. Algorithms were modified based on consensus feedback.

Results

The collaborative group developed final algorithms for genetic testing in patients with orofacial cleft, branchial arch conditions, and craniosynostosis.

Conclusions

Timely and accurate diagnosis of genetic conditions can support medical management recommendations that result in safer surgical interventions. Algorithms can help guide best-practices for testing, particularly in institutions without easy access to genetics providers.
Impact of Data Breach on IT Investment: Embracing Both Failure Learning and Threat Rigidity
Authors: Wang Qian , Peng Chih-Hung , Jin Yong , Jiang Shenyang
Published: August 2024

The extant literature has provided valuable insights into the post-failure behavior of organizations, highlighting two distinct tendencies: failure learning and threat rigidity. While failure learning involves organizations embracing change and seeking improvements after experiencing failures, threat rigidity leads to a more conservative and resistant approach to change during such times. In our study, we used a pioneering approach by integrating these seemingly competing perspectives within the context of data breaches. Employing a propensity score matching (PSM)-combined-difference-in-differences (DiD) approach, we uncovered a dual impact of data breaches on firms’ information technology (IT) investment—after data breaches, firms tend to increase their IT investment intensity (a promoting effect) while simultaneously reducing their new IT investments (an inhibiting effect). Furthermore, we found that a firm with a strong quality culture exhibits a stronger tendency to increase its IT investment intensity following a data breach, while a firm highly valuing innovation demonstrates a weaker trend in reducing new IT investments after a breach. In post hoc analyses, we found that the impact of data breaches on IT investments is contingent on a series of factors related to the nature of the breach and the specific type of IT investments considered. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the complex and diverse relationship between data breaches and IT investments in firms.