bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação da efetividade de tratamentos conservadores para disfunções temporomandibulares miogênicas: revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Duarte Bruna Fonseca , Cruz Raul Antonio , Brew Myrian Camara , Grossmann Eduardo , Bavaresco Caren Serra
Published: August 2019

Objetivo: revisão integrativa sobre os principais métodos de tratamento conservador para disfunção temporomandibular, sendo eles: placa oclusal, aconselhamento e farmacoterapia. Materiais e método: a busca foi feita nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO, Lilacs e Google Acadêmico, utilizando os seguintes descritores: “counseling and temporomandibular joint”; “counseling and facial pain”; “counseling and temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome”; “counseling and temporomandibular joint and drug therapy”; e “counseling and drug therapy and facial pain”. Resultados: no total, foram encontrados 314 estudos nesta pesquisa, porém, somente 8 foram incluídos no estudo. Esses comprovam a eficácia desses métodos de tratamento, fazendo com que o paciente obtenha diminuição da sintomatologia dolorosa, melhora das funções mastigatórias, além de proporcionar um alívio na tensão muscular, devido ao relaxamento das estruturas relacionadas. A placa oclusal tende a diminuir as forças oclusais aplicadas, redistribuindo a carga mastigatória sobre as superfícies oclusais. Alguns fármacos (anti-inflamatórios, antidepressivos e relaxantes musculares) são capazes de minimizar a sintomatologia dolorosa, proporcionando uma melhora na qualidade do sono e a redução de episódios de dor intensa. Por sua vez, o aconselhamento orienta os pacientes para que possam evitar atitudes que piorem sua doença, educando-os e conscientizando-os sobre seus hábitos parafuncionais, além de reduzir os fatores causadores de sintomatologia dolorosa. Conclusão: conseguimos observar que esses tratamentos apresentam índices de sucesso relevantes, quando se referem à diminuição dos sintomas, especialmente o aconselhamento, que ainda é uma terapia conservadora pouco explorada. Faz-se necessária a realização de mais estudos neste campo, para que sejam obtidos resultados cada vez mais concretos e conclusivos.
Displasia cemento-óssea florida: relato de dois casos tratados por diferentes abordagens
Authors: Santos Elias Almeida dos , Borges Eduardo Francisco De Deus , Barreto Lucas Da Silva , Moreira Carlos Vinícius Ayres , Queiróz Christiano Sampaio
Published: August 2019

Objetivo: relatar dois casos de displasia cemento-óssea florida, descrevendo a evolução clínico-radiográfica ao longo de 5 anos em um paciente assintomático e a abordagem cirúrgica em um caso sintomático. Relato de caso 1: paciente, melanoderma, sexo feminino, 56 anos de idade, encaminhada ao Serviço de Cirurgia Bucomaxilofacial da Universidade Federal da Bahia, por cirurgião-dentista clínico que notou alterações imagiológicas em radiografia panorâmica de rotina. Apesar da importante extensão da lesão em maxila e mandíbula, não havia qualquer sintoma ou sinal clínico de infecção. A paciente foi acompanhada durante 5 anos, com exames de imagem bianuais e medidas clínicas profiláticas. Relato de caso 2: paciente, melanoderma, sexo feminino, 57 anos, apresentou-se ao ambulatório de cirurgia queixando-se de atraso em cicatrização após remoção de um dente. A radiografia panorâmica e a tomografia computadorizada, em conjunto com dados clínicos, permitiram o diagnóstico de displasia cemento-óssea florida com infecção secundária. A paciente foi abordada por meio de osteotomia em região do defeito em mandíbula. A análise microscópica do espécime obtido confirmou a alteração displásica cementoide. Os sinais e sintomas regrediram e a paciente segue em acompanhamento. Considerações finais: a displasia cemento-óssea florida, portanto, é uma doença pouco frequente, cujas manifestações podem demandar diferentes abordagens. É importante o domínio clínico do cirurgião-dentista, uma vez que o diagnóstico equivocado pode guiar a escolhas terapêuticas com resultados insatisfatórios.
Influência de inibidores de metaloproteinases na degradação da camada híbrida
Authors: Silva Erika Thaís Cruz , Vasconcelos Marcelo Gadelha , Vasconcelos Rodrigo Gadelha
Published: August 2019

Objetivo: realizar uma revisão de literatura acerca da eficácia de utilização da clorexidina (CHX) e de outros tipos de inibidores de metaloproteinases (MMPs) na resistência de união da camada híbrida. Métodos: a busca bibliográfica foi realizada na base de dados PubMed, nos meses de novembro e dezembro de 2018. A pesquisa ocorreu em três fases, com os descritores previamente selecionados. Foram incluídas publicações dos últimos 10 anos no formato de pesquisas científicas realizadas in vitro ou in vivo. Após análise, obedecendo aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram incluídos sete estudos na presente revisão. Resultados/Revisão de literatura: na interface adesiva, os estudos mostram que as MMPs são ativadas durante a etapa de ataque ácido realizada nos protocolos de aplicação de sistemas adesivos, podendo ser ativada tanto por procedimentos adesivos com condicionamento ácido prévio como por sistemas adesivos autocondicionantes. Além da CHX, outras substâncias foram pesquisadas e se mostraram eficazes na inibição de MMPs. Considerações finais: por meio da inibição da atividade das MMPs, é possível obter uma maior durabilidade da interface adesiva e uma menor degradação hidrolítica do colágeno presente na camada híbrida.

Palavras-chave: Metaloproteinases da matriz. Clorexidina. Inibidor de Protease. Adesão dentária.
Distinguishing duodenal duplication cyst from choledochocele: A case report
Authors: Okiemy Ongoly , Meunier Helene , Goldstein Allan M.
Published: August 2019

Duodenal duplication cysts (DDC) are a rare type of enteric duplication. We describe the clinical presentation and laparoscopic management of a 7-year-old boy with a periampullary DDC.We also discuss the embryologic and imaging features that distinguish DDC from choledococele (CC). Careful consideration of the anatomic relationships between the ampulla, common bile duct, and duplication cyst are essential to avoid intraoperative bile duct injury.
Art Horror, Reactive Attitudes, and Compassionate Slashers
Authors: Pascale Marius A. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2019

In “The Immorality of Horror Films,” philosopher and film scholar Gianluca Di Muzio proposes an analytic argument that aims to prove horror narratives, particularly slashers, unethical. His Argument from Reactive Attitudes contests slashers encourage pleasurable responses towards depictions of torture and death, which is possible only by suspending compassionate reactions. Doing so degrades sympathy and empathy, causing desensitization. This article will argue Di Muzio’s ARA, while valuable to discussion of art horror and morbidity, fails to meet its intended aim. The ARA contains structural flaws in its logic, compounded by reliance on insufficient evidence. Additionally, Di Muzio does not adequately consider or rebut prominent aesthetic concerns, including ontological and moral distance of representations. Lastly, the argument utilizes a flawed classificatory schema that undermines its primary goal. Even narrowly confined to slashers, the ARA cannot explain alternative reasons for engaging with horror, nor does it account for those nuanced slasher works designed to foster compassion. The project concludes by offering a modified ARA with greater potential to accurately analyze the interrelation between art horror and morality.
Variações do mesmo tema sem sair do tom: imprensa, Comissão Nacional da Verdade e a Lei da Anistia
Authors: Perlatto Fernando
Published: August 2019

Este artigo objetiva investigar o papel da imprensa no debate público em torno da Comissão Nacional da Verdade (CNV), a partir da análise dos editoriais publicados sobre o tema pelos jornais Folha de São Paulo, O Globo e O Estado de São Paulo. Busco compreender de que maneira esses jornais participaram das controvérsias públicas sobre as “memórias conflitantes” da ditadura e da transição democrática, enquadrando determinadas interpretações e representações sobre esse passado. Apesar de algumas diferenças, é possível perceber um posicionamento comum dos editoriais desses jornais, que se aproximam no sentido de enquadrar o debate público sobre a CNV com o intuito de defender a Lei da Anistia, de 1979, se contrapondo à sua revisão e à punição daqueles que praticaram violações aos direitos humanos como agentes do Estado.Palavras-chave: Comissão Nacional da Verdade. Memórias. Imprensa. Enquadramento. Lei da Anistia.
Lluerna, un modelo de negocio social para la electrificación rural
Authors: Caballé Daniel , Mollá Alexandre , Blanch Gil
Published: August 2019

Lluerna es un plan de empresa social desarrollado como trabajo final1 del ciclo de estudios de MBA por parte de estudiantes de la especialidad de emprendimiento social y de executive MBA de la UOC.

Como resultado de esta colaboración, el plan combina técnicas clásicas de escuela de negocios con enfoques más innovadores propios del emprendimiento social, centrando la actividad de la empresa en el impacto social y no solo en la rentabilidad económica. Así, este plan de negocio constituye un ejemplo de la posibilidad de crear empresas con beneficios pero con un objetivo social, en este caso, la electrificación rural.

En este sentido, el plan muestra un modelo de negocio rentable y aplicable en varios países con bajos índices de electrificación en el ámbito rural, que, además, tiene un fuerte impacto positivo en la vida de las personas. El caso concreto de Lluerna está centrado en Bolivia, donde además de existir las condiciones de mercado adecuadas hay una importante voluntad de colaboración por parte de los distintos actores locales en el mundo de la electrificación rural.

Lluerna pone de manifiesto, pues, cómo la combinación de nuevas tecnologías y de nuevas formas de gestión comercial puede generar impacto incluso con los que normalmente son considerados demasiado pobres como para formar parte del mercado.
Impacto de la crisis económica en las condiciones de trabajo y la salud laboral
Authors: de Montserrat i Nonó Jaume , Molinero Ruiz Emilia , Nájera Chico Julià , Ros Pueyo Andrés , Tvrdy Moix Jiri
Published: August 2019

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar los efectos que la crisis económica que sufre Cataluña desde el año 2008 ha provocado en las condiciones de empleo y de trabajo, con especial énfasis en los aspectos relacionados con la seguridad y la salud en el trabajo. El impacto de la crisis, aparte del que ha tenido en las personas que han perdido su trabajo, es ya perceptible en un deterioro de las condiciones de trabajo en aspectos como la jornada o la exposición a riesgos ergonómicos y psicosociales.

A pesar de que este deterioro no se ha traducido todavía en un empeoramiento demasiado significativo en los registros de accidentes de trabajo y enfermedades laborales, esto no nos puede conducir al error de pensar que en prevención la crisis no ha causado daños. Por un lado, hay que tomar con prudencia los datos de los registros públicos de siniestralidad laboral, que no permiten por ahora detectar todos los daños a la salud derivados del trabajo, y, por otro, hay que tener en cuenta que el deterioro en las condiciones de trabajo no se traduce de forma inmediata en accidentes de trabajo o enfermedades laborales. Precisamente por ello es necesario tener en cuenta que, ahora que parece que la situación económica comienza a mejorar, es urgente recuperar el terreno perdido en materia de prevención de riesgos laborales.
Classyfied, la compra más fácil
Authors: Macías Perea Daniel
Published: August 2019

¿Cada vez que visitas el supermercado compras los mismos productos? ¿Estás harto de desaprovechar las pocas horas de tiempo libre que tienes en una tarea tan repetitiva y monótona? ¿Acabas invirtiendo el mismo tiempo en hacer la compra en línea que visitando un supermercado tradicional?

En este artículo se presenta una síntesis del plan de empresa de Classyfied, elaborado como trabajo final del grado de Administración y Dirección de Empresas. Su modelo de negocio pretende resolver todas las insatisfacciones que produce el proceso de compra de productos de alimentación, proponiendo una modernización de la cadena de distribución mediante la inclusión de nuevas tecnologías en el envasado y en el hogar de los consumidores finales.

Classyfied, como se verá al largo de este texto, demuestra ser una idea de negocio viable y rentable económicamente, y ofrece propuestas claras mediante un producto innovador y realista que supondrá una revolución en la industria de la distribución de alimentos al por menor.
Realidad aumentada y turismo. Potenciales y límites para la mejora de la competitividad en los destinos turísticos
Authors: González Reverté Francesc
Published: August 2019

Este artículo pretende ser una aproximación al potencial que la realidad aumentada genera en el sector turístico, uno de los sectores económicos que menos la ha usado y en el que mayores expectativas se han puesto. La realidad aumentada es una tecnología disruptiva que, bien gestionada, puede resultar un importante instrumento de competitividad para los destinos turísticos. En especial, la combinación de la realidad aumentada con los dispositivos móviles, hoy en día de uso prácticamente universal entre los turistas, genera altas expectativas en relación con la captación de aquellos perfiles de turistas más tecnológicos, como los llamados millenials. La realidad aumentada mejora la experiencia turística de los visitantes y permite la creación de nuevos productos, así como formas creativas de promocionar los destinos a bajo coste. No obstante, antes de implementar acciones estratégicas centradas en el uso de la realidad aumentada, es conveniente conocer qué limitaciones tiene en términos de usabilidad tecnológica, desconocimiento de las preferencias de la demanda y falta de evaluación de los resultados y del rendimiento económico obtenido.
Innovación social: el porqué de un fenómeno emergente
Authors: Luis Tomás Mariona
Published: August 2019

La innovación social es un fenómeno emergente en el que grupos de personas se ponen de acuerdo para dar respuesta a desafíos comunes. La innovación social está llegando a la sociedad a través de plataformas tecnológicas basadas en internet y las redes sociales, que permiten poner en contacto a las personas que comparten los mismos objetivos.

Los formatos de innovación social son varios, y están basados en el intercambio, el uso compartido de recursos, la transmisión de conocimiento y la confianza avalada por la reputación colectiva.

La innovación social se está consolidando porque surge a partir a cambios en los valores de los usuarios, en la demanda de servicios y en el modo como se consumen. Fenómenos como Airbnb, Uber o Goteo corresponden a la punta del iceberg de la innovación social en el mercado español, un proceso que apenas acaba de empezar.
Emerging Urban Mobility Technologies through the Lens of Everyday Urban Aesthetics
Authors: Mladenović Miloš N. , Lehtinen Sanna , Soh Emily , Martens Karel ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2019

The goal of this article is to deepen the concept of emerging urban mobility technology. Drawing on philosophical everyday and urban aesthetics, as well as the postphenomenological strand in the philosophy of technology, we explicate the relation between everyday aesthetic experience and urban mobility commoning. Thus, we shed light on the central role of aesthetics for providing depth to the important experiential and value-driven meaning of contemporary urban mobility. We use the example of self-driving vehicle (SDV), as potentially mundane, public, dynamic, and social urban robots, for expanding the range of perspectives relevant for our relations to urban mobility technology. We present the range of existing SDV conceptualizations and contrast them with experiential and aesthetic understanding of urban mobility. In conclusion, we reflect on the potential undesired consequences from the depolitization of technological development, and potential new pathways for speculative thinking concerning urban mobility futures in responsible innovation processes.
Influence of acute combined physical and cognitive exercise on cognitive function: an NIRS study
Authors: Ji Zhiguang , Feng Tian , Mei Lingnan , Li Anmin , Zhang Chunhua
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of different types of acute exercise on cognitive function and cerebral oxygenation. A within-subject design was adopted. In total, 20 healthy older adults were enrolled in the study. They came to the laboratory individually on four separate days and completed four conditions of activity. Four conditions were sedentary reading control (RC), cognitive exercise (CE), physical exercise (PE) and cognitive + physical exercise (CE + PE). During these visits, participants completed the Stroop task before and immediately after the experimental condition, which consisted of 15 min of aerobic exercise, verbal fluency task (VFT), and dual task. The Stroop task included the following two conditions: a naming condition and an executive condition. The fNIRS is an optical method using near-infrared light to measure relative changes of oxygenated (O2Hb) and deoxygenated (HHb) hemoglobin in the cortex. The results indicate that acute exercise facilitates performance for executive tasks, not only combined cognition, but also the different results between combined exercise and single exercise. The fNIRS findings showed that acute single exercise influences oxygenation for executive tasks but not for naming tasks. Greater improvement was observed in the post-exercise session of combined exercise during the modified Stroop. These findings demonstrate that acute single exercise, single cognition exercise, and combined exercise enhanced the performance of the inhibition control task. Only acute combined exercise has a general facilitative effect on inhibition control. Combined exercise was shown to be superior to single exercise for task-efficient cerebral oxygenation and improved oxygen utilization during cortical activation in older individuals. Also, to maximize the performance of cognition it may be important for older adults to take part in more cognitive demand exercise or take more kinds of exercise.
Analyzes of Physico-chemical Parameters of Surface Waters from Ogunpa River, Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Peter Ogungbile , John A. Akande , Emmanuel Akintunde , Odekunle O.
Published: August 2019

Physico-chemical indices of waters from Ogunpa River were examined for locational differences; seasonal variation; and to know if gradient effect is associated with the pollution dynamics. Data obtained were analyzed and compared with WHO thresholds for those parameters in water. Test results gave the following mean values viz:-Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 226.81mg/L, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 278.14 mg/L, Temperature (TºC) 27.18ºC, pH 7.57, Electrical Conductivity (EC) 191.28 µs/cm, Sulphate (SO42-) 0.03 mg/L, Phosphate (PO42-) 0.03 mg/L, Nitrate (NO3-) 0.02 mg/L, Chloride(Cl-)  0.03 mg/L, Total Hardness (TH) 185.71mg/L, Alkalinity (Alk) 180.14 mg/L, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) 8.60 mg/L, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) 0.59 mg/L and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 109.89 mg/L. Variation arising from locations and seasonal effects were analyzed using ANOVA at P<0.05 and the outcome presented no seasonal variation in all the parameters except for Cl-, TH, Alk, and COD. Also no significant variation between the test locations except for PO42 and BOD. When compared to WHO recommended limits, values obtained were generally lower except for TH and COD that were above. It is concluded that  surface waters from Ogunpa River, at the time of study, is within the recommended WHO values for normal survival and living of aquatic organisms.
Simulation of Stochastic Processes
Authors: Gallagher Colin
Published: August 2019

As stochastic and statistical models have increased in complexity in response to the data revolution, simulation of stochastic processes has become a necessary part of estimation, model fitting, and prediction for these models. There exist a few general methods, but the generation on computer for most models requires nontrivial and complicated operations that heavily depend on the specific structure of the underlying stochastic elements.
Quasi‐Likelihood and its Extensions
Authors: Paul Sudhir R.
Published: August 2019

Quasi‐likelihood (QL) is a method of estimation for regression analysis that requires the specification of only the first two moments of the response distribution, and the term also refers to the objective function analogous to the likelihood. In generalized linear models (GLMs), the iterative weighted least‐squares algorithm for solving the score equations depends only on the mean and variance of the response. The solution of the estimating equations is consistent even when the variance expression is incorrect. Various extensions are described.
Sparsity
Authors: Jansen Maarten
Published: August 2019

Sparsity is a popular assumption adopted in the analysis of data that are supposed to come from high‐dimensional models, for use in variable and model selection and in inference after selection. It can also be used in the context of big data in order to avoid significant but not relevant conclusions. It is also one of the foundations for compressive sampling or compressed sensing (CS). Sparsity means that the response in a regression model can be predicted with a limited number of covariates. The precise formulation of the assumption depends on the problem at hand.
Organic Photodetectors for Next‐Generation Wearable Electronics
Authors: Chow Philip C. Y. , Someya Takao
Published: August 2019

Next‐generation wearable electronics will need to be mechanically flexible and stretchable such that they can be conformally attached onto the human body. Photodetectors that are available in today's market are based on rigid inorganic crystalline materials and they have limited mechanical flexibility. In contrast, photodetectors based on organic polymers and molecules have emerged as promising alternatives due to their inherent mechanical softness, ease of processing, tunable optoelectronic properties, good light sensing performance, and biocompatibility. Here, the recent advances of organic photodetectors in terms of both optoelectronic and mechanical properties are outlined and discussed, and their application in wearable electronics including health monitoring sensors, artificial vision, and self‐powering integrated devices are highlighted.
Strain Regulation to Optimize the Acidic Water Oxidation Performance of Atomic‐Layer IrOx
Authors: Meng Ge , Sun Wenming , Mon Aye Aye , Wu Xuan , Xia Longyu , Han Aijuan , Wang Yu , Zhuang Zhongbin , Liu Junfeng , Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong
Published: August 2019

Strain regulation has become an important strategy to tune the surface chemistry and optimize the catalytic performance of nanocatalysts. Herein, the construction of atomic‐layer IrOx on IrCo nanodendrites with tunable IrO bond length by compressive strain effect for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acidic environment is demonstrated. Evidenced from in situ extended X‐ray absorption fine structure, it is shown that the compressive strain of the IrOx layer on the IrCo nanodendrites decreases gradually from 2.51% to the unstrained state with atomic layer growth (from ≈2 to ≈9 atomic layers of IrOx), resulting in the variation of the IrO bond length from shortened 1.94 Å to normal 1.99 Å. The ≈3 atomic‐layer IrOx on IrCo nanodendrites with an IrO bond length of 1.96 Å (1.51% strain) exhibits the optimal OER activity compared to the higher‐strained (2.51%, ≈2 atomic‐layer IrOx) and unstrained (>6 atomic‐layer IrOx) counterparts, with an overpotential of only 247 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the precisely tuned compressive strain effect balances the adsorbate–substrate interaction and facilitates the rate‐determining step to form HOO*, thus assuring the best performance of the three atomic‐layer IrOx for OER.
Reductive Etherification of Aldehydes and Ketones with Alcohols and Triethylsilane Catalysed by Yb(OTf)3: an Efficient One‐Pot Benzylation of Alcohols
Authors: Pelosi Azzurra , Lanari Daniela , Temperini Andrea , Curini Massimo , Rosati Ornelio
Published: August 2019

The one‐pot synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical ethers from aldehydes and ketones can be conveniently performed using Yb(OTf)3 as catalyst and triethylsilane as reducing agent in presence of alcohols. This methodology leads to the synthesis of ether derivatives with good yields. Notably, this process resulted a useful tool to protect alcohols as benzyl ether derivatives using differently substituted benzaldehydes as protecting agents under mild conditions. A plausible mechanism was also proposed.

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Competing Interface and Bulk Effect–Driven Magnetoelectric Coupling in Vertically Aligned Nanocomposites
Authors: Chen Aiping , Dai Yaomin , Eshghinejad Ahmad , Liu Zhen , Wang Zhongchang , Bowlan John , Knall Erik , Civale Leonardo , MacManus‐Driscoll Judith L. , Taylor Antoinette J. , Prasankumar Rohit P. , Lookman Turab , Li Jiangyu , Yarotski Dmitry , Jia Quanxi
Published: August 2019

Room‐temperature magnetoelectric (ME) coupling is developed in artificial multilayers and nanocomposites composed of magnetostrictive and electrostrictive materials. While the coupling mechanisms and strengths in multilayers are widely studied, they are largely unexplored in vertically aligned nanocomposites (VANs), even though theory has predicted that VANs exhibit much larger ME coupling coefficients than multilayer structures. Here, strong transverse and longitudinal ME coupling in epitaxial BaTiO3:CoFe2O4 VANs measured by both optical second harmonic generation and piezoresponse force microscopy under magnetic fields is reported. Phase field simulations have shown that the ME coupling strength strongly depends on the vertical interfacial area which is ultimately controlled by pillar size. The ME coupling in VANs is determined by the competition between the vertical interface coupling effect and the bulk volume conservation effect. The revealed mechanisms shed light on the physical insights of vertical interface coupling in VANs in general, which can be applied to a variety of nanocomposites with different functionalities beyond the studied ME coupling effect.
Showing Your Thinking: Using Mind Maps to Understand the Gaps Between Experienced Emergency Physicians and Their Students
Authors: Gossack‐Keenan Kira , De Wit Kerstin , Gardiner Emily , Turcotte Michelle , Chan Teresa M.
Published: August 2019

Background

Clinical teaching faculty rely on schemas for diagnosis. When they attempt to teach medical students, there may be a gap in the interpretation because the students do not have the same schemas. The aim of this analysis was to explore expert thinking processes through mind maps, to help determine the gaps between an expert's mind map of their diagnostic thinking and how students interpret this teaching artifact.

Methods

A novel mind‐mapping approach was used to examine how emergency physicians (EPs) explain their clinical reasoning schemas. Nine EPs were shown two different videos of a student interviewing a patient with possible venous thromboembolism. EPs were then asked to explain their diagnostic approach using a mind map, as if they were thinking to a student. Later, another medical student interviewed the EPs to clarify the mind map and revise as needed. A coding framework was generated to determine the discrepancy between the EP‐generated mind map and the novice's interpretation.

Results

Every mind map (18 mind maps from nine individuals) contained some discrepancy between the expert's mind and novice's interpretation. From the qualitative analysis of the changes between the originally created mind map and the later revision, the authors developed a conceptual framework describing types of amendments that students might expect teachers to make in their mind maps: 1) substantive amendments, such as incomplete mapping; and 2) clarifications, such as the need to explain background for a mind map element.

Conclusion

Emergency physician teachers tend to make jumps in reasoning, most commonly including incomplete mapping and maps requiring clarifications. Educating EPs on these processes will allow modification of their teaching modalities to better suit learners.
A standardized autopsy protocol for arthrogryposis (multiple congenital contractures)
Authors: Oberg Kerby C. , Magaki Shino , Hall Judith G.
Published: August 2019

Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) describes disorders with multiple joint contractures that arise from neurological, neuromuscular, or mechanical origin. Although impaired fetal movement is the typical clinical presentation, the etiology underlying this phenotype for a number of conditions remains unknown. In an effort to better characterize and define the etiologies underlying these disorders, we recommend a standardized autopsy protocol that will allow for appropriate diagnosis and a methodical approach for examination that will facilitate subsequent study by investigators across disciplines. To further support investigation, we have also established an AMC autopsy registry to bank tissue obtained at autopsy for subsequent study.
Spectroscopic and electrochemical study for evaluating DNA interaction activity of 4‐(3‐halophenyl)‐6‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)pyrimidin‐2‐amine based piano stool Cp* Rh (III) and Ir (III) complexes
Authors: Vekariya Pankajkumar A. , Karia Parag S. , Bhatt Bhupesh S. , Patel Mohan N.
Published: August 2019

Six novel organometallic half sandwich complexes [(η5‐C5Me5)M(L1–3)Cl]Cl.2H2O were synthesized using [{(η5‐C5Me5)M(μ‐Cl)Cl2], where M = Ir (III)/Rh (III) and L1–3 = three pyridyl pyrimidine based ligands; and characterized by NMR, Infra‐red spectroscopy, conductance, elemental and thermal analysis. The complex‐DNA binding mode and/or strength evaluated using absorption titration, electrochemical studies and hydrodynamic measurement proposed intercalative binding mode, which was also confirmed by molecular docking study. Differential pulse voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry studies indicated an alteration in oxidation and reduction potentials of complexes (M+4/M+3) in presence of CT‐DNA. The metal complexes can cleave plasmid DNA as proposed in gel electrophoretic analysis. The LC50 values of complexes evaluated on brine shrimp suggested their potent cytotoxic nature.
Effects of laser polishing on surface quality and mechanical properties of PLA parts built by fused deposition modeling
Authors: Chen Lan , Zhang Xinzhou , Gan Shuyuan
Published: August 2019

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) produces parts through layer by layer on the top of each other, making it almost impossible to obtain smooth printed parts. Hence, there is a huge demand for the postprocessing of the FDM‐printed parts. Laser polishing is a novel technique that can be used to polish products to obtain a smoother surface. The aim of this work was to explore the feasibility of surface‐finishing FDM‐printed polylactic acid (PLA) parts by laser polishing. The surface roughness, surface morphology, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and tensile properties were investigated. The results indicated that the lower laser power and the bigger laser beam diameter within a certain range could facilitate the formation of smoother surface. With optimized parameters, the surface roughness was reduced by 90.4%. DMA showed that the storage modulus (E’) and glass transition temperature of PLA specimens were significantly improved due to the decrease of molecular mobility of denser structures. Moreover, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the PLA specimen were also significantly increased after laser polishing. The fracture morphologies were observed, and the possible strengthening mechanism was also discussed. These results indicated that laser polishing could be an efficient method for surface polishing of FDM parts. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48288.
Modification of mechanical and color properties of polypropylene with colored nano‐SiO2 prepared from diatomite
Authors: Ma Qianer , Xia Meisheng
Published: August 2019

Diatomite powder was dissolved in alkali to form sodium silicate, which was then used to prepare colored nano‐SiO2 (CNS) by the process of chemical precipitation. The CNS was analyzed by means of X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. To explore the application of colored nano‐SiO2 in polypropylene (PP), CNS was incorporated into PP T30s. The mechanical and colorimetric properties of prepared CNS/PP composites were also investigated. The results of tensile tests indicated that the nanoparticles could simultaneously provide PP with stiffening, strengthening, and toughening effects at a low filler content (typically 2% by volume). At the same time, with CNS filler, the PP composites acquired a bright red color. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48328.
Systematic review of the impact of patient death on surgeons
Authors: Joliat G-R , Demartines N , Uldry E
Published: August 2019

Background

The death of a patient is experienced at some time by most surgeons. The aim of this review was to use existing literature to establish how surgeons have dealt with the death of patients.

Methods

A systematic review of the medical literature was performed. MEDLINE/PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched for qualitative and quantitative studies on surgeon reactions when facing death or a dying patient. This systematic review was performed following the recommendations of the Cochrane collaboration and reported following the PRISMA guidelines. Individual and interview-based opinions were summarized and synthesized.

Results

An initial search found 652 articles. After exclusion of articles that did not satisfy the inclusion criteria, 20 articles remained and seven were included. Two of these articles were personal opinion of the author and five were interviews or surveys. The main findings were that facing death routinely induces a strong psychological burden and that surgeons are more at risk than the general population to develop psychological morbidity.

Conclusion

Although it is a frequent and emotional subject in the surgical world, the impact of patient death on surgeons is not abundantly studied in the literature. Dealing with patient death or taking care of a dying patient might have long-lasting psychological impact on surgeons.
Pedagogy of diversity and data analytics: Theory to practice
Authors: Shankar P. Mohana
Published: August 2019

A course in probability is a requirement in Baccalaureate Programs in Electrical and Computer Engineering. Students view this course as conceptual with little connection to real world problems. Efforts have been undertaken to mitigate this issue and connect the conceptual topics to data analytics to make the course relevant. Data analytics based exercises are now integral to the course. Several demos were created to link statistical concepts with practice through analysis of data. In this study, a demo created to illustrate the concept of diversity to improve the performance of a machine vision system is described. It incorporates concepts of Bayes’ rule, single and multiple random variables, goodness fit tests, random number simulation and data analytics to illustrate the pedagogy of diversity and associated data processing. Student survey results suggest that these demos enhance that the learning experience in the engineering probability course.
Plasma‐Made (Ni0.5Cu0.5)Fe2O4 Nanoparticles for Alcohol Amination under Microwave Heating
Authors: Li Alain You , Dumaresq Nicolas , Segalla Andréanne , Braidy Nadi , Moores Audrey
Published: August 2019

Amine N‐alkylation is a process involved in the production of a wide range of chemicals. Here we describe the synthesis of well‐defined (Ni0.5Cu0.5)Fe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles by plasma induction, and their successful application to amine N‐alkylation using alcohols as coupling agents through a borrowing hydrogen pathway. Plasma induction allows precise morphology and size control over nanoparticle synthesis, while allowing the one‐pot production of decagram quantities of material. Up to date, such nanoparticles have never been applied for organic reactions. By coupling high‐end characterization techniques with catalytic optimization, we showed that small Cu(0) satellite nanoparticles played an essential role in alcohol oxidation, whereas both Ni and Cu were required for the last step of the reaction. Using elemental mapping, we demonstrated that catalyst deactivation occurred through a leaching/re‐deposition mechanism of Cu and Ni. The reactions were conducted under microwave conditions, which exerted a positive effect on catalytic activity. Finally, the catalyst was active at low metal loadings (2 mol%) even on the gram‐scale, and affording unprecedented TON for this reaction catalyzed by Ni/Cu bimetallic systems (19).
Toehold‐Mediated Strand Displacement in a Triplex Forming Nucleic Acid Clamp for Reversible Regulation of Polymerase Activity and Protein Expression
Authors: Nguyen Thuy J. D. , Manuguerra Ilenia , Kumar Vipin , Gothelf Kurt V.
Published: August 2019

Triplex forming oligonucleotides are used as a tool for gene regulation and in DNA nanotechnology. By incorporating artificial nucleic acids, target affinity and biological stability superior to that of natural DNA may be obtained. This work demonstrates how a chimeric clamp consisting of acyclic (L)‐threoninol nucleic acid (aTNA) and DNA can bind DNA and RNA by the formation of a highly stable triplex structure. The (L)‐aTNA clamp is released from the target again by the addition of a releasing strand in a strand displacement type of reaction. It is shown that the clamp efficiently inhibits Bsu and T7 RNA polymerase activity and that polymerase activity is reactivated by displacing the clamp. The clamp was successfully applied to the regulation of luciferase expression by reversible binding to the mRNA. When targeting a sequence in the double stranded plasmid, 40 % downregulation of protein expression is achieved.
An Improved Two‐Step Protocol for Trophoblast Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Horii Mariko , Bui Tony , Touma Ojeni , Cho Hee Young , Parast Mana M.
Published: August 2019

We previously established a two‐step protocol for differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into trophoblasts, using a StemPro‐based minimal medium (EMIM) with bone morphogenetic protein‐4 (BMP4). This protocol was suboptimal, resulting in induction of mixed mesoderm and trophoblast markers. Furthermore, adapting hPSCs to StemPro has proven difficult, and prolonged culture in this medium has been shown to promote genomic instability. Therefore, we moved on to the use of new media, including E8, and most recently, StemFlex, for rapid adaptation from feeder to non‐feeder conditions. In the new protocol, we have incorporated the WNT inhibitor IWP2 into the first step, resulting in uniform differentiation of hPSCs into cytotrophoblast (CTB)‐like cells, without induction of the mesoderm lineage. We also show that, at the end of the second step, there are distinct populations of terminally differentiated multinucleated human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)‐producing syncytiotrophoblast (STB) and HLAG+ extravillous trophoblast (EVT)‐like cells. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Facile Two‐Step Synthesis of Delafossite CuFeO2 Photocathodes by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis and Hybrid Microwave Annealing
Authors: Garcia‐Torregrosa Ivan , Geertzema Yannick G. , Ismail Ahmed S. M. , Lee Tien‐Lin , de Groot Frank M. F. , Weckhuysen Bert M.
Published: August 2019

Delafossite CuFeO2 photocathodes have recently attracted attention for water splitting due to their suitable band gap (∼1.5 eV) and high stability in aqueous media. The preparation of CuFeO2 usually requires long and energy‐intense treatments in an inert atmosphere for the full conversion of spinel CuFe2O4 to delafossite CuFeO2. Herein, we report the preparation and characterization of highly uniform and stable CuFeO2 thin films obtained via a combination of inexpensive ultrasonic spray pyrolysis followed by a short hybrid microwave treatment (∼4 min). The resulting films show good stability in alkaline media and produce a photocurrent of ∼650 μA/cm2 under 1.5 AM simulated sunlight and with oxygen bubbling. The effect of the rapid transformation from the spinel to the delafossite phase induced by hybrid microwave annealing was investigated with synchrotron‐based X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
Crossing thresholds: The use of spatial analysis to identify intensification of the Colombian conflict
Authors: Palao‐Mendizabal Agustin , Holmes Jennifer S. , Callenes Mercedez , Cardenas Álvaro
Published: August 2019

This research note uses exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) to understand regional conflict escalation. This study suggests rethinking the use of strict thresholds of conflict in studies of civil war, given that hot spots are predictors of conflict escalation. In the Colombian case, human rights violations hot spots are predictors of higher intensity conflict escalation.
Functional Inks for Printable Energy Storage Applications based on 2 D Materials
Authors: Wang Libin , Chen Shi , Shu Ting , Hu Xianluo
Published: August 2019

Ubiquitous portable electronics and the ever‐growing internet‐of‐things have necessitated the emergence of high‐end miniaturized devices as well as associated sophisticated printing technologies. With excellent solution processability and tunable electronic properties, 2 D materials stand as a promising candidate for functional inks that are readily printable for energy‐storage devices. In this Review, we outline the significance, status, and challenges that we are facing of the developments of 2 D materials‐based functional inks. Then, general ink formulation and basic knowledge of printing techniques together with their rheological requirements and enabled applications in energy storage are introduced, providing guidelines for developing inks that match well with the present printing techniques. Last, but not least, we also propose the perspectives on the development of 2 D materials‐based inks for energy‐storage applications.
When water interacts with temperature: Ecological and evolutionary implications of thermo‐hydroregulation in terrestrial ectotherms
Authors: Rozen‐Rechels David , Dupoué Andréaz , Lourdais Olivier , Chamaillé‐Jammes Simon , Meylan Sandrine , Clobert Jean , Le Galliard Jean‐François
Published: August 2019

The regulation of body temperature (thermoregulation) and of water balance (defined here as hydroregulation) are key processes underlying ecological and evolutionary responses to climate fluctuations in wild animal populations. In terrestrial (or semiterrestrial) ectotherms, thermoregulation and hydroregulation closely interact and combined temperature and water constraints should directly influence individual performances. Although comparative physiologists traditionally investigate jointly water and temperature regulation, the ecological and evolutionary implications of these coupled processes have so far mostly been studied independently. Here, we revisit the concept of thermo‐hydroregulation to address the functional integration of body temperature and water balance regulation in terrestrial ectotherms. We demonstrate how thermo‐hydroregulation provides a framework to investigate functional adaptations to joint environmental variation in temperature and water availability, and potential physiological and/or behavioral conflicts between thermoregulation and hydroregulation. We extend the classical cost–benefit model of thermoregulation in ectotherms to highlight the adaptive evolution of optimal thermo‐hydroregulation strategies. Critical gaps in the parameterization of this conceptual optimality model and guidelines for future empirical research are discussed. We show that studies of thermo‐hydroregulation refine our mechanistic understanding of physiological and behavioral plasticity, and of the fundamental niche of the species. This is illustrated with relevant and recent examples of space use and dispersal, resource‐based trade‐offs, and life‐history tactics in insects, amphibians, and nonavian reptiles.
Regional patterns of genetic structure and environmental differentiation in willow populations (Salix humboldtiana Willd.) from Central Mexico
Authors: Hernández‐Leal Mariana S. , Suárez‐Atilano Marco , Piñero Daniel , González‐Rodríguez Antonio
Published: August 2019

Aim

To infer the geological and climatic factors that have shaped the genetic diversity and structure of a willow species (Salix humboldtiana) in three basins of Central Mexico.

Location

Central Mexico.

Methods

We collected samples from 11 populations across two hydrological basins (Balsas and Lerma) and one population from another basin (Ameca) within the Mexican Central Plateau (MCP). Individuals were analyzed using sequences of two chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) regions and eight nuclear simple sequence repeats (nSSR). Population genetic diversity and structure were determined from these data. To evaluate whether genetic structure was associated with ecological niche differentiation, we determined whether there is niche equivalence, overlap, or divergence between the Balsas and Lerma basins. Also, we evaluated the relative contributions of geographic distribution and climatic variation on population genetic structuring through redundancy analysis (RDA) and partial RDA.

Results

Both cpDNA and nSSRs data indicated the presence of three highly differentiated genetic groups, mostly geographically congruent with the three main hydrological basins. According to nSSRs, the three genetic groups can be further subdivided into eight subgroups corresponding to different rivers within the main basins. The niche equivalency test showed that the niches of the species in the Balsas and Lerma basins are significantly nonequivalent. The RDA indicated a significant association of genetic variation among populations with climate variables (particularly those related to the precipitation regime), while controlling for geographic distribution.

Main conclusions

The genetic structure of S. humboldtiana is strongly associated with the historical and current geological configuration of the basins and the rivers within basins. The observed hierarchical genetic differentiation can be due to gene flow limitation resulting from physical barriers to the dispersal of S. humboldtiana, but also to some degree of isolation by environment, as suggested by the significant association between genetic variation among populations and precipitation regime.