bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Lampe John R.
Published: September 2015

Read back from the 1990s, the scenario of a Greater Serbian agenda based in Belgrade and using Yugoslavia as a means to that end continues to tempt Western scholarship. Serbian exceptionalism thereby doomed both Yugoslavias. This special issue of East Central Europe addresses connections between Belgrade, Serbia, and Yugoslavia promoting contradictions that belie this simple scenario. Focusing on the first Yugoslavia, these six articles by younger Belgrade historians critically examine a series of disjunctures between the capital city and the rest of Serbia as well as Yugoslavia that undercut the neglected pre-1914 promise of Belgrade’s Yugoslavism. First came the failure of the city’s political and intellectual elite the First World War was ending to persevere with that promise. Most could not separate themselves from a conservative rather than nationalist reliance on the Serbian-led ministries in Belgrade to deal with the problems of governing a new state that now included many non-Serbs. From Serbian political divisions and a growing parliamentary paralysis to the Belgrade ministries’ failure to support the Serb colonists in Kosovo, problems mounted. They opened the way for King Aleksandar’s dictatorship in 1929, with initial Serbian support. But as the royal regime imposed an integral Yugoslavism on what had been the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes and punished disloyalty to the Crown in particular Serbs were punished as well as non-Serbs. Their locally organized associations were also placed under royal authority, whose ministries were however no more successful in uniform administration than their predecessors. At the same time, however, Belgrade’s growing connections to European popular culture skipped over the rest of the country, Serbia included, to establish a distinctive urban identity. After the Second World War, what was now a Western identity would grow and spread from Belgrade after the Tito-Stalin split, despite reservations and resistance from the Communist regime. This cultural connection now promoted the wider Yugoslav integration that was missing in the interwar period. It still failed, as amply demonstrated in Western and Serbian scholarship, to overcome the political contradictions that burdened both Yugoslavias.
An Exploration of the Conditions Required of Social Organizations to be Contracted by Government as Service Providers: A Study Based on Analysis of Local Government Documents
Authors: Yi Qiang , Zhu Xiaohong , Liu Xianghui
Published: September 2015

In the Guidelines of the State Council General Office on Government Procurement of Services from the Private and Non-governmental Sectors, “public service provider for the government” is broadly defined; it is stated that npos, businesses, and industry organizations have equal opportunity to be public service providers. A comparison of local eligibility requirements on npos serving as public service providers shows that the eligibility requirements focus on such aspects as service provider qualifications, time of establishment, organizational management, human resources, financial management, professional qualifications, annual inspection, evaluation, and honors. On the whole, the requirements are not demanding; the quality of public services is also secured through institutional design and innovation. The lax eligibility requirements imposed by local governments on npos as public service providers indicate that the social governance system will feature diversity, and reflect the government’s intention to support and develop npos. However, there are also some problems in local policies, such as 1) too much is at the discretion of the government; 2) the eligibility requirements are not good for the development of grassroots organizations; 3) no standards have been defined on eligibility for public service provider; and 4) related laws and regulations lack authority. Therefore, it is necessary to make government procurement of public services law-based and provide continued theoretical and institutional support for the implementation of the most authoritative policy.
Elaeocarpus sveshnikovae, a new name for the fossil-species Elaeocarpus microphyllus (Elaeocarpaceae)
Authors: Doweld Alexander Borisovitch
Published: September 2015

The creation of the International Fossil Plant Names Index (IFPNI 2014 onwards, Doweld 2015) with listing of all fossil plant, algal and fungal species reveals the homonymy between fossil-species belonging to genus Elaeocarpus Linnaeus (1753: 515). The fossil-species Elaeocarpus microphyllus Budantsev & Sveshnikova (1964: 102) was described based on the leaf remains from the Tertiary (Oligocene) sediments near Svetlogorsk, Kaliningrad region, Russian Federation (former East Prussia). However, Elmer (1911) and independently Warburg (1922), proposed the earlier homonyms Elaeocarpus microphyllus Elmer (1911: 1189) and E. microphyllus Warburg (1922: 328) respectively, which were overlooked. According to Art. 53.1 of the ICN (McNeill et al. 2012), a junior fossil homonym, Elaeocarpus microphyllus Budants. & Sveshn. is illegitimate and hence a new name is proposed here. A new nomenclatural act was registered through a pilot registration version in the International Fossil Plant Names Index (IFPNI 2014 onwards), with unique persistent registration barcode (LSID) listed under each newly proposed fossil plant taxon.
Taraxacum pudicum, a new apomictic microspecies of T. section Erythrosperma (Asteraceae) from Central Europe
Authors: Vašut Radim J. , Majeský Ľuboš
Published: September 2015

A new species of apomictic lesser dandelions, Taraxacum pudicum Vašut & Majeský is described. This species is a triploid diplosporous apomict, it belongs to the T. scanicum group and grows in the SE part of Central Europe, with the highest frequency found in southern Bohemia and Moravia. Species characteristics, notes on ecology and chorology are given. The relationship to other taxa and the controversy surrounding the description of apomictic species are discussed in this paper.
Procambarus (Girardiella) holifieldi, a new species of crayfish (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from Alabama with a revision of the Hagenianus Group in the subgenus Girardiella
Authors: SCHUSTER GUENTER A. , TAYLOR CHRISTOPHER A. , ADAMS SUSAN B.
Published: September 2015

Procambarus (Girardiella) holifieldi, new species, is a primary burrowing crayfish from a low-lying field in Perry County, Alabama. It belongs to the Hagenianus Group in the subgenus Girardiella.  The new species is morphologically most similar to Procambarus (Girardiella) barbiger.  They differ in the size and shape of the caudal processes.  Procambarus barbiger has a beard along the mesial margin of the palm of the chela, while the new species lacks the beard.  In addition to the description of the new species, the Hagenianus Group is reviewed and new synonymies are provided. We demonstrate that a cephalic process is indeed present in the Hagenianus Group.
Sawflies of Ethiopia (Hymenoptera: Argidae, Tenthredinidae)
Authors: Koch FRANK , Pauly Alain , Hora Zewdu A. , Boevé Jean-Luc
Published: September 2015

Sawflies were collected in Ethiopia during 2010–2013. Three species represent new records for the country: Arge deckerti Koch, 2005, Athalia excisa Koch, 2006 and Xenapates nigrifrons Koch, 2012. Arge flavifrons Mocsáry, 1909, syn. n. and A. transvaalensis Cameron, 1911, syn. n. are subjective synonyms of A. micheli (Buysson, 1900) that is re-described here. Athalia fumosa Gribodo, 1879 sp. rev. is recognized as a valid species and is removed from synonymy with A. scioensis Gribodo, 1879. Distega braunsi Enslin, 1911 syn. n. and D. brunniventris Enslin, 1913 syn. n. are subjective synonyms of D. montium Konow, 1907. Pseudoneacidiophora Koch, 1998 is a new junior synonym of Kivua Forsius, 1934 (syn. n.), resulting in the new combination Kivua pleuritica (comb. n.) for Athalia pleuritica Forsius, 1927. Kivua camerunensis nom. n. is proposed for P. bicolor Koch, 1998 (preoccupied in Kivua by K. bicolor (Pasteels, 1949) (Bicrista bicolor Pasteels)), the second species formerly included in Pseudoneacidiophora. The female of Distega abyssinica Pasteels, 1955 is described for the first time. An annotated and illustrated list including six distribution maps is given for Ethiopian sawflies. It is composed of 34 species belonging to the genus Arge (Argidae), and seven genera of Tenthredinidae: Athalia (Athaliinae), Kivua, Neacidiophora, Xenapates (Allantinae), Distega, Trisodontophyes (Blennocampinae), and Dulophanes (Selandriinae). Some ecological aspects of Athalia species are discussed, especially for the most abundantly collected A. vollenhoveni Gribodo, 1879.
The Role of Convective Heating in Tropical Cyclone Eyewall Ring Evolution
Authors: Wu Chun-Chieh , Wu Shun-Nan , Wei Ho-Hsuan , Abarca Sergio F.
Published: September 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of diabatic heating in tropical cyclone ring structure evolution. A full-physics three-dimensional modeling framework is used to compare the results with two-dimensional modeling approaches and to point to limitations of the barotropic instability theory in predicting the storm vorticity structure configuration. A potential vorticity budget analysis reveals that diabatic heating is a leading-order term and that it is largely offset by potential vorticity advection. Sawyer–Eliassen integrations are used to diagnose the secondary circulation (and corresponding vorticity tendency) forced by prescribed heating. These integrations suggest that diabatic heating forces a secondary circulation (and associated vorticity tendency) that helps maintain the original ring structure in a feedback process. Sensitivity experiments of the Sawyer–Eliassen model reveal that the magnitude of the vorticity tendency is proportional to that of the prescribed heating, indicating that diabatic heating plays a critical role in adjusting and maintaining the eyewall ring.
Contribution of Extreme Convective Storms to Rainfall in South America
Authors: Rasmussen K. L. , Chaplin M. M. , Zuluaga M. D. , Houze R. A.
Published: September 2015

The contribution of extreme convective storms to rainfall in South America is investigated using 15 years of high-resolution data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR). Precipitation from three specific types of storms with extreme horizontal and vertical dimensions have been calculated and compared to the climatological rain. The tropical and subtropical regions of South America differ markedly in the influence of storms with extreme dimensions. The tropical regions, especially the Amazon basin, have aspects similar to oceanic convection. Convection in the subtropical regions, centered on La Plata basin, exhibits patterns consistent with storm life cycles initiating in the foothills of the Andes and growing into larger mesoscale convective systems that propagate to the east. In La Plata basin, convective storms with a large horizontal dimension contribute ~44% of the rain and the accumulated influence of all three types of storms with extreme characteristics produce ~95% of the total precipitation in the austral summer.
A qualitative study of an international social work course in Germany: Using the EPAS core competencies and practice behaviors as the coding scheme
Authors: Voss Richard W , Bolton David L , Rolly Horst Friedrich , Dente Claire L , Ingersoll Travis S , Bartholomew Joanna
Published: September 2015

This article discusses the methodology and findings of a qualitative study on the impact of an international social work course in Germany on four American undergraduate social work students. These students participated in a 2-week study abroad experience at a host university located near Berlin in what was formerly East Germany. The authors examined how the 10 core Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards (EPAS) competencies and their associated professional behaviors of the Council on Social Work Education Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards were exhibited in the students’ journals. This was done by having two independent coders review the journals and code the professional behaviors exhibited. Summative data were tabulated on the basis of frequencies of each respective professional behavior included in the study. Results were reported and implications discussed.
Cultural Tightness–Looseness and Perceptions of Effective Leadership
Authors: Aktas Mert , Gelfand Michele J. , Hanges Paul J.
Published: September 2015

Previous research has investigated the relationship between cultural values and leadership. This research expands on this tradition and examines how the strength of social norms—or tightness–looseness—influences perceptions of effective leadership. Data from Gelfand, Raver, et al. were integrated with GLOBE’s leadership research to examine the attributes of leaders seen as leading to effectiveness in tight and loose cultures. Analyses of data across 29 samples show that cultural tightness is positively related to the endorsement of autonomous leadership and negatively related to the endorsement of charismatic and team leadership, even controlling for in-group collectivism, power distance, and future orientation at the societal and organizational level of analysis. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
PLAP-1/Asporin Regulates TLR2- and TLR4-induced Inflammatory Responses
Authors: Yamaba S. , Yamada S. , Kajikawa T. , Awata T. , Sakashita H. , Tsushima K. , Fujihara C. , Yanagita M. , Murakami S.
Published: September 2015

Periodontal ligament–associated protein 1 (PLAP-1)/asporin is an extracellular matrix protein preferentially expressed in periodontal ligaments. PLAP-1/asporin inhibits the cytodifferentiation and mineralization of periodontal ligament cells and has important roles in the maintenance of periodontal tissue homeostasis. However, the involvement of PLAP-1/asporin in inflammatory responses during periodontitis is poorly understood. This study hypothesized that PLAP-1/asporin might affect the pathogenesis of periodontitis by regulating periodontopathic bacteria-induced inflammatory responses. Proinflammatory cytokine expression induced by Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 was significantly downregulated when PLAP-1/asporin was overexpressed in periodontal ligament cells. Similarly, recombinant PLAP-1/asporin inhibited TLR2- and TLR4-induced proinflammatory cytokine expression in macrophages. We also confirmed that NF-κB activity induced by TLR2 and TLR4 signaling was suppressed by the addition of recombinant PLAP-1/asporin. Furthermore, IκB kinase α degradation induced by TLR4 was reduced by PLAP-1/asporin. Immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated the binding abilities of PLAP-1/asporin to both TLR2 and TLR4. Taken together, PLAP-1/asporin negatively regulates TLR2- and TLR4-induced inflammatory responses through direct molecular interactions. These findings indicate that PLAP-1/asporin has a defensive role in periodontitis lesions by suppressing pathophysiologic TLR signaling and that the modulating effects of PLAP-1/asporin might be useful for periodontal treatments.
The Role of Residential Segregation in Explaining Racial Gaps in Childhood and Adolescent Obesity
Authors: Ryabov Igor
Published: September 2015

The present study used nationally representative data from the U.S. Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) merged with census-track data from the American Community Survey (ACS) to model race-ethnic disparities in overweight, obesity, and obesity-related disease among children and adolescents as a function of neighborhood race-ethnic segregation, socio-economic status, household size and structure, family history of obesity, and other important predictors. Results indicate that African American and Hispanic children and adolescents are more likely to suffer from obesity and obesity-related disease than their non-Hispanic White peers. We also found that race-ethnic segregation proxied by the Index of Dissimilarity has a strong and negative effect on the weight status and health outcomes mentioned above. Moreover, race-ethnic segregation appears to explain up to 20% of the difference between minority children and their non-Hispanic White peers in the prevalence rate of overweight, obesity, and obesity-related disease.
PTSD Symptoms Mediate Academic Stress and Drinking to Cope in College Students
Authors: Woolman Erin O. , Becker Madelyn M. , Klanecky Alicia K.
Published: September 2015

Heightened perceptions of academic stress may increase college alcohol use behaviors, namely problem drinking and drinking to cope. Leading from prior research, the current study examined posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms as a mediator between academic stress and alcohol use behaviors. Undergraduate participants ( N = 200) completed an online survey battery. Results indicated that posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms mediated the relationship between academic stress and drinking to cope. Findings maintained after excluding the small portion of the sample without prior trauma. Results suggest that early trauma exposure may increase stress sensitivity, which is associated with elevated nontraumatic academic stress and stress-related symptoms. An increase in stress symptoms likely promotes drinking as a method of coping. Information on the role of trauma and stress may be incorporated into alcohol intervention programs.
Epistemic Political Egalitarianism, Political Parties, and Conciliatory Democracy
Authors: Ebeling Martin
Published: September 2015

This article presents two interlocking arguments for epistemic political egalitarianism. I argue, first, that coping with multidimensional social complexity requires the integration of expertise. This is the task of political parties as collective epistemic agents who transform abstract value judgments into sufficiently coherent and specific conceptions of justice for their society. Because parties thus severely lower the relevant threshold of comparison of political competence, citizens have reason to regard each other as epistemic equals. Drawing on the virulent “peer disagreement debate,” I then analyze the epistemic significance of political disagreement. I contend that citizens ought to pursue epistemic conciliation, an idea I contrast to the ideals of compromise and of consensus. Subsequently, I introduce insights from public choice theory and empirical findings which show that and why multi-party electoral competition coupled with equal rights to participation tends to produce conciliatory outcomes. We thus have reason to endorse political egalitarianism on epistemic grounds.
Psychology Students’ Understanding of the Skill-Based Learning Fostered Through University Assignments
Authors: Martini Tanya S. , Rail Ashley , Norton Cole
Published: September 2015

We examined first-year psychology majors’ ( N = 195) beliefs about the relevance of two types of university assignments (individual essay and group wiki) and their connection to the development of career-related skills. Students reported that assignments were only somewhat relevant to their career goals, and relevance ratings were typically justified by referring to assignment features (content and type) rather than skill development. Our results suggest that it is important for faculty to be explicit with students—particularly those in the early stages of their degree—about the career-related skills that their course-based activities are intended to foster.
Being in care situations with young children presents ambiguous challenges
Authors: Harder Maria , Söderbäck Maja , Ranheim Albertine
Published: September 2015

The importance of consulting children in health care situations is acknowledged but not always put into action. Health care professionals have difficulties with facilitating children’s participation and children are not pleased with their amount of involvement. The aim of this study was to explore health care professionals’ reflections on being in care situations with children. A qualitative design with workshops and content analysis was used. The participants ( n = 29) represented various health care professions. The findings show that health care professionals understand being in care situations with children as an ambiguous challenge since each situation depends on the participants involved: the child, the parents and the professionals. The findings can be used for integrating theory and practice to broaden professionals’ awareness of the child’s perspective in care situations. This will encourage professionals to question procedures which are taken for granted and facilitate children’s participation.
Hyperbilirubinemia after cardiac surgery: An observational study
Authors: Sharma Pranav , Ananthanarayanan Chandrasekaran , Vaidhya Nikunj , Malhotra Amber , Shah Komal , Sharma Ramanand
Published: September 2015

Background

We aimed to assess the incidence and perioperative risk factors for hyperbilirubinemia after cardiac surgery, and determine its influence on early operative outcome.

Methods

This prospective observational study was conducted on 476 patients who underwent cardiac surgical procedures from January 2014 to March 2014. Postoperative hyperbilirubinemia was defined as serum total bilirubin >2.0 mg dL−1.

Results

The overall incidence of postoperative hyperbilirubinemia was 25% (119 patients). Patients undergoing valve repair or replacement had the highest incidence of hyperbilirubinemia (36.2%), followed by coronary artery bypass grafting with concomitant valve surgery (34.1%), congenital heart surgery (23.1%), and coronary artery bypass alone (12.7%). Postoperative hyperbilirubinemia was associated with increased duration of inotropic support ( p = 0.0001), mechanical ventilation ( p = 0.0001), intensive care unit stay ( p = 0.001), hospital stay ( p = 0.006), and mortality ( p = 0.014). The perioperative factors associated with postoperative hyperbilirubinemia were increased preoperative bilirubin level ( p < 0.0001), preoperative prothrombin time ( p < 0.0001), cardiopulmonary bypass time ( p = 0.028), aortic crossclamp time ( p = 0.004), and blood transfusion units ( p = 0.0001).

Conclusions

Postoperative hyperbilirubinemia is common in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass and is associated with high hospital mortality. The factors associated with its occurrence are increased preoperative bilirubin level, preoperative prothrombin time, cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic crossclamp time, and blood transfusion units. Persistent hyperbilirubinemia is associated with a worse outcome than early transient hyperbilirubinemia.
Diet quality of adults using intuitive eating for weight loss – pilot study
Authors: Anglin Judith C , Borchardt Nadia , Ramos Elizabeth , Mhoon Kendra
Published: September 2015

As the incidence of obesity and related disease steadily increases, researchers and medical practitioners are continuously examining new approaches to prevent and manage the epidemic. Intuitive eating (IE) is a new and innovative approach that uses an individual’s response to internal cues of hunger, satiety, and appetite, and replaces calorie restriction (CR). CR is the standard approach for weight reduction. This study was a randomized controlled trial with two groups in which we accessed records of the dietary intake of obese adults using CR and IE to achieve weight loss. The participants were sedentary obese individuals with no history of chronic diseases. They engaged in physical activity three times per week for 30 min and recorded their daily food intake in a food diary. Instructions were given for CR and IE at the start and midpoint of the study. The duration of the study was six weeks. Weight and waist circumference were measured, and body mass index (BMI) calculated. The CR group’s total weight loss was significantly ( p = 0.03) lower than that of the IE group. The CR group had consistent weight loss throughout the study, while the IE group’s weight loss was significantly less at the endpoint compared to the midpoint. CR is a superior approach to weight management than IE.
Ottawa Panel evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for therapeutic exercise in the management of hip osteoarthritis
Authors: Brosseau Lucie , Wells George A , Pugh Arlanna G , Smith Christine AM , Rahman Prinon , Àlvarez Gallardo Inmaculada C , Toupin-April Karine , Loew Laurianne , De Angelis Gino , Cavallo Sabrina , Taki Jade , Marcotte Rachel , Fransen Marlene , Hernandez-Molina Gabriela , Kenny Glen P , Regnaux Jean-Philippe , Lefevre-Colau Marie-Martine , Brooks Sydney , Laferriere Lucie , McLean Linda , Longchamp Guy
Published: September 2015

Objectives:

The primary objective is to identify effective land-based therapeutic exercise interventions and provide evidence-based recommendations for managing hip osteoarthritis. A secondary objective is to develop an Ottawa Panel evidence-based clinical practice guideline for hip osteoarthritis.

Methods:

The search strategy and modified selection criteria from a Cochrane review were used. Studies included hip osteoarthritis patients in comparative controlled trials with therapeutic exercise interventions. An Expert Panel arrived at a Delphi survey consensus to endorse the recommendations. The Ottawa Panel hierarchical alphabetical grading system (A, B, C+, C, D, D+, or D-) considered the study design (level I: randomized controlled trial and level II: controlled clinical trial), statistical significance ( p < 0.5), and clinical importance (⩾15% improvement).

Results:

Four high-quality studies were included, which demonstrated that variations of strength training, stretching, and flexibility exercises are generally effective for improving the management of hip osteoarthritis. Strength training exercises displayed the greatest improvements for pain (Grade A), disability (Grades A and C+), physical function (Grade A), stiffness (Grade A), and range of motion (Grade A) within a short time period (8–24 weeks). Stretching also greatly improved physical function (Grade A), and flexibility exercises improved pain (Grade A), range of motion (Grade A), physical function (Grade A), and stiffness (Grade C+).

Conclusion:

The Ottawa Panel recommends land-based therapeutic exercise, notably strength training, for management of hip osteoarthritis in reducing pain, stiffness and self-reported disability, and improving physical function and range of motion.
From labour–capital conflict to social dialogue? A critical review of social-dialogue discourse in Turkey
Authors: Akpınar Taner , Akçay İlker İnan
Published: September 2015

In itself, the term ‘social dialogue’ signifies that the historical conflict between social classes has been replaced with ‘compromise’. In this paper, compromise discourse is first hesitantly approached, and then critically evaluated. In the first instance, it is clear that contrary to what the term ‘social dialogue’ might imply, in reality it is used as a curtain with which to cover hegemonic power relations. Secondly, the question as to whether the term ‘social dialogue’ can describe Turkish industrial relations is raised. As a result, it is argued that social dialogue is not a suitable word with which to discuss the current industrial relations climate in Turkey.
Characteristics of Transition Planning and Services for Students With High-Incidence Disabilities
Authors: Trainor Audrey A. , Morningstar Mary E. , Murray Angela
Published: September 2015

Transition planning is conceptually and empirically linked to successful postschool outcomes for adolescents with disabilities and has been legally mandated for more than two decades. Unfortunately, young adults with high-incidence disabilities, including learning disabilities (LD), emotional disabilities (ED), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), continue to experience poor postschool outcomes. Using a secondary analysis of the second National Longitudinal Transition Study (NLTS2), this study examined both the quality and characteristics of transition plans for a nationally representative group of adolescents with high-incidence disabilities and the extent to which transition planning and services were similar across the three high-incidence disabilities. Findings indicate that a majority of students with high-incidence disabilities have transition plans and that key stakeholders participated in planning meetings. Findings also support the inclusion of adolescents with LD, ED, and ADHD in the larger category of high-incidence disabilities. Implications include further examination of the disparate relationship between planning and outcomes.
The Co-Occurrence and Unique Mental Health Effects of Political Violence and Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Sousa Cindy A. , Yacoubian Kim , Flaherty Fischette Patricia , Haj-Yahia Muhammad M.
Published: September 2015

The global mental health ramifications of political violence and intimate partner violence (IPV) are well established. There also exists a growing body of evidence about the increased risks for IPV within situations of political violence. Yet, except for a few studies, there is little literature that simultaneously examines how political violence and IPV might result in unique risks for particular types of mental health sequela. Delineating possible divergent patterns between specific mental health conditions resulting from political violence and IPV takes on an increased urgency given that, although they are related, the two most commonly reported outcomes of these two types of violence—post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression—not only require different types of treatment, but may in fact be generated or maintained by disparate paths. Using survey data from adult women in Palestine ( n = 122), this study explores the relationships between IPV and political violence (both lifetime and past-month exposure) and tests their independent relationships to PTSD and depressive symptomology. After controlling for the other form of violence exposure, political violence was correlated with PTSD and not with depressive symptomology, while IPV was correlated with depressive symptomology and not with PTSD. Findings demonstrate that distinct forms of violence exposure might indeed be associated with specific mental health outcomes. Results illustrate the need to assess for both political violence and IPV when researching and designing interventions related to violence.
Altruistic Agencies and Compassionate Consumers
Authors: Rudrappa Sharmila , Collins Caitlyn
Published: September 2015

What makes a multimillion-dollar, transnational intimate industry possible when most people see it as exploitative? Using the newly emergent case of commercial surrogacy in India, this article extends the literature on stratified reproduction and intimate industries by examining how surrogacy persists and thrives despite its common portrayal as the “rent-a-womb industry” and “baby factory.” Using interview data with eight infertility specialists, 20 intended parents, and 70 Indian surrogate mothers, as well as blogs and media stories, we demonstrate how market actors justify their pursuits through narrating moral frames of compassion and altruism that are not incidental but systematic to and constitutive of transnational surrogacy. We observed two predominant moral frames: (1) surrogacy liberates and empowers Indian women from patriarchal control; and (2) surrogacy furthers reproductive rights. Within these frames, the market exchange of money for babies is cast as compassion, which allows commissioning clients to sidestep accusations of racism, classism, and sexism. Yet, we reveal that the ability to navigate around these threats relies on racist, classist, and sexist tropes about Third World working-class women. Further, we find that surrogate mothers did not experience significant changes in economic status after surrogacy.
Estimating Policy Positions Using Social Network Data
Authors: Ecker Alejandro
Published: September 2015

Social network site (SNS) data provide scholars with a plethora of new opportunities for studying public opinion and forecasting electoral outcomes. While these are certainly among the most promising big data applications in political science research, a series of pioneering studies have started to uncover the vast potential of such data to estimate the policy positions of political actors. Adding to this emerging strand in the scholarly literature, the present article explores the validity of (individual) policy positions derived from the social network structure of the microblogging platform Twitter. At the aggregate party level, cross-validation with external data sources suggests that SNS data provide valid policy position estimates. In contrast, the empirical analysis reveals only a moderate connection between individual policy positions retrieved from the social network structure and those retrieved from members of parliament individual voting record. These results thus highlight the potential as well as important limitations of SNS data in indicating the policy positions of political parties and individual legislators.
Hitmazrehutor Becoming of the East: Re-Orienting Israeli Social Mapping
Authors: Omer Atalia
Published: September 2015

Through developing of the concept of hitmazrehut, the article highlights avenues for decolonializing and de-orientalizing sociopolitical theory and practice in Israel/Palestine. Hitmazrehut (literally ‘becoming of the East’) is understood as the transformation of relations between space, identity, and narrative through an intersectionality framework of social movement activism and intellectual counter-discourse. Exposing the intersections among sites of marginality as well as cultivating localized interpretations of identity (delinked from the orientalist positing of Israel in the ‘West’) would contribute to the possibility of the formation of transformative coalition building across national boundaries. Hitmazrehut is both an outcome and a necessary process for enabling geopolitical reframing. The article begins with the ahistorical and orientalist biases of sociological inquiry into the region. It continues with an analysis of efforts to localize and re-orient Jewish identity as well as the Mizrahi discursive critique of epistemological violence guiding sociological scholarship, double consciousness and patterns of ethnic passing.
Biaxial stress relaxation of semilunar heart valve leaflets during simulated collagen catabolism: Effects of collagenase concentration and equibiaxial strain state
Authors: Huang Siyao , Huang Hsiao-Ying Shadow
Published: September 2015

Heart valve leaflet collagen turnover and remodeling are innate to physiological homeostasis; valvular interstitial cells routinely catabolize damaged collagen and affect repair. Moreover, evidence indicates that leaflets can adapt to altered physiological (e.g. pregnancy) and pathological (e.g. hypertension) mechanical load states, tuning collagen structure and composition to changes in pressure and flow. However, while valvular interstitial cell-secreted matrix metalloproteinases are considered the primary effectors of collagen catabolism, the mechanisms by which damaged collagen fibers are selectively degraded remain unclear. Growing evidence suggests that the collagen fiber strain state plays a key role, with the strain-dependent configuration of the collagen molecules either masking or presenting proteolytic sites, thereby protecting or accelerating collagen proteolysis. In this study, the effects of equibiaxial strain state on collagen catabolism were investigated in porcine aortic valve and pulmonary valve tissues. Bacterial collagenase (0.2 and 0.5 mg/mL) was utilized to simulate endogenous matrix metalloproteinases, and biaxial stress relaxation and biochemical collagen concentration served as functional and compositional measures of collagen catabolism, respectively. At a collagenase concentration of 0.5 mg/mL, increasing the equibiaxial strain imposed during stress relaxation (0%, 37.5%, and 50%) yielded significantly lower median collagen concentrations in the aortic valve ( p = 0.0231) and pulmonary valve ( p = 0.0183), suggesting that relatively large strain magnitudes may enhance collagen catabolism. Collagen concentration decreases were paralleled by trends of accelerated normalized stress relaxation rate with equibiaxial strain in aortic valve tissues. Collectively, these in vitro results indicate that biaxial strain state is capable of affecting the susceptibility of valvular collagens to catabolism, providing a basis for further investigation of how such phenomena may manifest at different strain magnitudes or in vivo.
Self-amputation of the hand: issues in diagnosis and general hospital management
Authors: Crawford Alison , Wand Anne PF , Smith Michelle A
Published: September 2015

Objectives:

To detail a diagnostic dilemma of intentional hand amputation in a man with a history of substance misuse and associated psychosis, depression and traumatic brain injury and to highlight issues in joint psychiatric and surgical management of such a complex patient in a general hospital setting.

Conclusions:

Deliberate limb self-amputation is a rare event with the majority of reported cases occurring during an episode of psychosis. This case illustrates the diagnostic utility of the literature supporting that a person who has self-inflicted amputation of a limb should be treated as psychotic until proven otherwise. The presence of a traumatic brain injury, with associated cognitive and psychosocial sequelae, affected diagnosis and management. Early and ongoing involvement of consultation-liaison psychiatry collaborating with a multidisciplinary general hospital team may improve mental and physical health outcomes for such patients.
Incidence and risk factors for clozapine-induced myocarditis and cardiomyopathy at a regional mental health service in Australia
Authors: Youssef Daniel L , Narayanan Pradeep , Gill Neeraj
Published: September 2015

Objective:

To determine the incidence of clozapine-induced myocarditis and cardiomyopathy and identify risk factors.

Method:

A cohort of 129 patients initiated on clozapine at Toowoomba Mental Health Service from year 2000 until 2011 was examined to evaluate cases of myocarditis and cardiomyopathy. Risk factors were analysed using multivariable logistic regression.

Results:

The incidence of clozapine-induced myocarditis and cardiomyopathy was 3.88% and 4.65% (or 2.26 per 100 patient years), respectively. A significant association was identified between clozapine-induced myocarditis and SSRI use ( p = 0.043). Subclinical cardiomyopathy was identified in the absence of symptoms in the majority of cases.

Conclusions:

These results illustrate a high incidence of clozapine-induced myocarditis as well as cardiomyopathy, reinforcing the need for a standardised, mandatory monitoring scheme. Concomitant SSRI use as one such potential predictor merits further study.
Social and emotional wellbeing, natural helpers, critical health literacy and translational research: connecting the dots for positive health outcomes
Authors: Drew Neil
Published: September 2015

Objective:

The tripartite framework for principled practice was developed as part of the Wundargoodie Aboriginal Youth and Community Wellbeing Programme. The programme engages natural helpers to enhance critical health literacy. This paper examines the importance of translational research to enhancing critical health literacy for this group of de facto health workers using the work of the Australian Indigenous Health InfoNet as an example. Translational research provides workforce support for those who are time poor and overburdened. Connecting these concepts and natural helpers will make a positive difference to Aboriginal health outcomes.

Conclusions:

There is a need for the development of translational research products that enhance the critical health literacy of natural helpers. The tripartite framework for principled practice supports reflective and accountable practice in the intercultural space to build trust and confidence between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people to enhance the opportunity for authentic knowledge production and transfer.
Prevalence and symptomatology of catatonia in elderly patients referred to a consultation-liaison psychiatry service
Authors: Kaelle Jacqui , Abujam Anju , Ediriweera Harsha , Macfarlane Matthew D
Published: September 2015

Objectives:

To determine the prevalence and clinical correlations of catatonia in patients aged over 65 years who are referred to a consultation-liaison service within a regional area of Australia. Additionally, to examine if the use of standardised screening tools is likely to change the rate of diagnosis of catatonia within the consultation-liaison service.

Methods:

One hundred and eight referrals from general hospital wards were assessed using the Bush-Francis Catatonia Screening Instrument (BFCSI) and associated examination; each consented patient was screened for catatonic symptoms. If two or more signs were present on the BFCSI, then severity was rated using the Bush-Francis Catatonia Rating Scale. These clinical characteristics were compared with their socio-demographic and medical data.

Results:

Prevalence of catatonia was 5.5%. The most common symptoms appeared to be rigidity, posturing and immobility (67% of cases), and were elicited through routine psychiatric examination.

Conclusions:

Routine psychiatric history and examination are likely sufficient to elicit catatonic signs in a consultation-liaison setting. Standardised screening examination may be more suited for conducting research or for use when examining for catatonia in psychiatric inpatient settings.
Aging, Genetic Variations, and Ethnopharmacology
Authors: Woods Diana Lynn , Mentes Janet C. , Cadogan Mary , Phillips Linda R.
Published: September 2015

Unique drug responses that may result in adverse events are among the ethnocultural differences described by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. These differences, often attributed to a lack of adherence on the part of the older adult, may be linked to genetic variations that influence drug responses in different ethnic groups. The paucity of research coupled with a lack of knowledge among health care providers compound the problem, contributing to further disparities, especially in this era of personalized medicine and pharmacogenomics. This article examines how age-related changes and genetic differences influence variations in drug responses among older adults in unique ethnocultural groups. The article starts with an overview of age-related changes and ethnopharmacology, moves to describing genetic differences that affect drug responses, with a focus on medications commonly prescribed for older adults, and ends with application of these issues to culturally congruent health care.
The Manifest and Latent Functions of Differential Response in Child Welfare
Authors: Ji Daniel , Sullivan Richard
Published: September 2015

Although previous research has explored the efficacy of differential response (DR) programs in child welfare, there have been no studies to date about coding decisions between designations by child protection service agencies. Research has explored client satisfaction with DR as well as rates of recidivism and removal/placement but with limited attention paid to the rationales behind coding decisions and recoding, once an initial designation pathway is assigned. This descriptive study uses data previously gathered by child protection social workers to qualitatively evaluate the fidelity of implementation of family development response (FDR) in British Columbia and the integrity of the program with regard to its stated objectives. Based on a random sample of intakes, decision-making fidelity to code as FDR or investigation (INV) was examined by exploring rationales behind coding at critical decision points and mechanisms for recoding during family involvement with child protective services. Subsequently, this study examined whether cases that had been coded as FDR differed substantially from INVs in terms of service provision, outcomes, and appropriateness of FDR for high-risk cases.
Validation of the German Version of the Quality of Dying and Death Questionnaire for Health Professionals
Authors: Heckel Maria , Bussmann Sonja , Stiel Stephanie , Ostgathe Christoph , Weber Martin
Published: September 2015

Purpose:

To validate the Quality of Dying and Death (QoDD) instrument for health professionals (QoDD-D-MA) and to test its feasibility in 2 German palliative care units (PCUs).

Methods:

The QoDD was translated from English to German and then retranslated following European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) guidelines. Data were collected in 2 German PCUs to calculate aspects of validity and reliability.

Results:

Mean total score was 83.05 (range 49-100; N = 232). The QoDD-D-MA showed satisfactory psychometric properties, Cronbach α = .830; interrater reliability r = .245 ( P < .01). The QoDD-D-MA was independent of patients’ demographic and clinical aspects. Some challenges occurred when applying the instrument.

Conclusions:

Feasibility could be improved by adapting the QoDD-D-MA to create a self-assessment version and finding a solution for items that result in many missing data. Future research should validate the QoDD-D-MA in other care settings.
Association Between Prenatal Acetaminophen Exposure and Future Risk of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children
Authors: Hoover Rebecca M. , Hayes V. Autumn Gombert , Erramouspe John
Published: September 2015

Objective: To evaluate the effect of prenatal acetaminophen exposure on the future development of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Data Sources: Literature searches of MEDLINE (1975 to June 2015), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1975 to June 2015), and Cochrane Database (publications through June 2015) for prospective clinical trials assessing the relationship of prenatal acetaminophen exposure and the development of attention deficit disorders or hyperactivity. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Studies comparing self-reported maternal acetaminophen use during pregnancy to development of ADHD or ADHD-like behaviors in offspring between the ages of 3 and 12 years. Data Synthesis: Four studies examining the effects of prenatal acetaminophen exposure on subsequent ADHD behaviors were identified. Of these, one early study found no link to ADHD behaviors while the other studies found statistically significant correlations with the most prominent being a study finding a higher risk for using ADHD medications (hazard ratio = 1.29; 95% CI, 1.15-1.44) or having ADHD-like behaviors at age 7 years as determined by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (risk ratio = 1.13; 95% CI, 1.01-1.27) in children whose mothers used acetaminophen during pregnancy. Conclusion: While there does appear to be a mild correlation between prenatal acetaminophen use and the development of ADHD symptoms in children, current data do not provide sufficient evidence that prenatal acetaminophen exposure leads to development of ADHD symptoms late in life. Acetaminophen is a preferred option for pain management during pregnancy when compared with other medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or opioids for pyretic or pain relief.