bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sovyet Basınında Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin Onuncu Yıl Kutlamaları Ve Kliment Yefremoviç Voroşilov’un Türkiye Ziyareti
Authors: Yıldız Mevlüt Samet , Benhür Çağatay
Published: May 2024

Türkler ve Ruslar yaklaşık dört asır boyunca birbirlerine karşı birçok kez savaşmıştır. İki millet arasındaki son savaş Birinci Dünya Savaşı olmuştur. Savaş sonrasında iki ülkede de rejim değişiklikleri yaşanmıştır. Yaşanan rejim değişiklikleriyle birlikte iki ülke arasında dostluk ilişkileri kurulmuş ve bu ilişki İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nın başlamasının öncesine kadar dostluk ve iyi komşuluk çizgisinde sürekli pozitif yönlü olarak gelişmiştir. Bu süreçte her iki ülke temsilcilerinin karşılıklı ziyaretleri ile dostluk ilişkileri sağlamlaşmıştır. Hem Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin onuncu kuruluş yıl dönümü olması dolayısıyla hem de Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Başbakanı İsmet Paşa’nın 1932 yılında gerçekleştirmiş olduğu Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği ziyaretine karşılık olarak bir Sovyet Heyeti’nin 1933 yılında Türkiye’yi ziyareti planlanmıştır. Askeri ve Deniz İşleri Halk Komiseri Kliment Yefremoviç Voroşilov başkanlığında Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği Hükümeti’nin önemli temsilcilerinden bir heyet ziyaret için görevlendirilmiştir.
Çalışmanın konusunu Kliment Yefremoviç Voroşilov başkanlığındaki Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği heyetinin 1933 yılında Türkiye’ye gerçekleştirmiş oldukları ziyaret oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada söz konusu heyetin Türkiye’ye gerçekleştirmiş olduğu ziyaret ile dönem konjonktürü içerisinde iki ülke arasındaki ilişkilerin gelmiş olduğu boyut ele alınmaktadır. Ayrıca çalışmada ziyaretin Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin onuncu kuruluş yıl dönümü kutlamalarına denk gelmesiyle Sovyet kamuoyunda kutlamaların ne şekilde ele alındığı da incelenmektedir. Bu doğrultuda çalışmanın temeline Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği’nin en önemli iki gazetesi konumunda olan Pravda ve İzvestiya gazeteleri yer almıştır. Bunlara ilaveten Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanlığı Arşivi, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanlığı Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Türk Diplomatik Arşivi’nden ziyaret ile ilgili belgelere de yer verilmiştir. Ayrıca SSCB Hükümeti tarafından yayınlanmış olan belge seçkisinden de faydalanılmıştır. Ziyaretin gerçekleştiği dönemin Türk-Sovyet ilişkileri üzerine yayınlanmış telif ve tetkik eserler de çalışma içerisinde kullanılmıştır. Döküman analizi çalışmanın yöntemi olarak benimsenmiştir.
Behavioral Involvement, Technology Acceptance, and Failure in Mobile Learning: A Systematic Review
Authors: Daoudi Mohamed , Alloug Ilyas , Oumaira Ilham , Smaili El Miloud
Published: May 2024

As we move further into the digital age, machine learning algorithms have become increasingly popular in E-learning for their ability to predict learner failure and assess behavioral engagement, particularly in mobile learning environments. This paper reports on the systematic review conducted by the most relevant research in the literature that uses machine learning algorithms to predict failure, verify acceptance of mobile technology, and analyze behavioral engagement in mobile learning platforms. The search was performed using research papers extracted from four commonly used databases and published between 2010 and 2023; the last database access was on 15/05/2023. Guided by the PRISMA checklist, the review followed a structured approach to select, analyze, and report relevant studies. Studies were selected based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, focusing on peer-reviewed articles that empirically test the application of machine learning in mobile learning contexts. Of the initial 332 screened articles, 20 were eligible for inclusion. The results highlight the transformative role that machine learning is playing in revolutionizing online mobile learning experiences.
Mapping the Scholarly Landscape of Entrepreneurship Education Research in Higher Education Institutions: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Overview
Authors: Mantry Asit K. , Pradhan Biswabhusan , Kour Tarandeep , Tak Surbhi , Lalotra Surjit Kumar
Published: May 2024

This study aims to assess the trends of entrepreneurship education research in higher education between 1993 and 2022 using bibliometric analysis. A total of 1309 seminal articles were identified from the Scopus database and used advanced bibliometrix tools for analysis. The research findings revealed that the United States and the United Kingdom had taken the lead in entrepreneurship education research. Notably, author Bell R emerged as a prominent figure in this field. By scrutinizing the articles, it was also evident that keywords such as entrepreneurship education, business education, entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial intention, and entrepreneurial education hold significance within the domain. The insights gleaned from this analysis suggest valuable strategic information to researchers and aid them in formulating and mapping out future studies in entrepreneurship education.
Implementation of Service-Learning in Madrid Primary Schools
Authors: Lucas Barcia Elisa María , Díaz-Arias Alberto Ortega , García Barrera Alba , Roa González Julián
Published: May 2024

Service-Learning (SL) is an experiential educational approach that engages students in solving real-world problems within their local environments, thereby enhancing both learning and community well-being. This study conducts a quantitative analysis of SL implementation in primary education across the Community of Madrid, using data from questionnaires distributed among local schools. From 262 responses, descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests were applied. The findings highlight that, despite the recognized benefits of SL and the interest from many teachers in adopting this approach, there is a significant lack of adequate training during both initial teacher training and ongoing professional development. SL projects, though infrequent, have been implemented across various grades, with a higher occurrence in the later stages, and have covered all subjects, most notably Social and Civic Values. However, the overall implementation of the SL methodology remains sparse in the Community of Madrid.
Residential Move During COVID-19 Pandemic and Psychological Health Among College Students: The Role of Perceived Social Support
Authors: Lamidi Esther , Agbonlahor Osasohan , Gibbs Larry , Nash Sue P.
Published: May 2024

Research has widely documented the high stress levels posed to college students by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the role of social support in mitigating the mental health impacts of stressors like residential instability among college students is less well-researched. Using data from a multi-campus online survey of college students’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic (n = 2,486), this study examines the role of social support in the association between residential move during COVID-19 pandemic and college students’ reports of depressive symptoms and anxiety. We tested whether perceived social support was more significantly related to depressive symptoms among students who moved in response to COVID-19. The results show significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms and higher prevalence rates of severe anxiety among college students with COVID-19-related move relative to those who did not move during the pandemic. Irrespective of their residential status, college students who received less support than needed during the pandemic had significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms and higher odds of severe anxiety. The findings add to the existing studies showing how the COVID-19 pandemic compounds the problems of depression and anxiety among college students, particularly those experiencing residential instability and with limited social support.
Conceptual Tools for Teaching Biodesign: The Biodesign Matrix, The Conversational Approach to Design and Material Grammars
Authors: Ward Devon
Published: May 2024

As a field, biodesign has diverse aims, materials, processes, and outcomes. This offers potential for novel design solutions, but it can also make it difficult to introduce to undergraduate design students because there are so many aspects to cover in one course. This paper presents three conceptual tools—the Biodesign Matrix, the Conversational Approach to Design, and Material Grammars—that aim to reduce the learning curve when students engage in biodesign practices. First, the Biodesign Matrix is an analytic tool that can help students understand how past biodesign precedents function in society. It broadly categorizes biodesign projects based on two criteria: the design aims (i.e., discursive or utilitarian) and the design outcomes (i.e., conceptual outcomes, which rely on diagrams, video and interactive media, or material outcomes, which use living organisms or organic material). The second conceptual tool, the Conversational Approach to Design focuses on the design process. It emphasizes an inquisitive and process-based approach to design instead of a product-based approach. The final conceptual tool, Material Grammars, deals with the affective experiences that a user may feel when they encounter a biodesign project. The terms that make up Material Grammars are framed as oppositions (e.g., organic/synthetic, pliable/brittle, ephemeral/enduring) and can help students understand how the intrinsic qualities of a material can be transformed to create poetic and emotive experiences. Together, these three conceptual tools help provide clear, descriptive, and value-neutral terminology that can facilitate faster knowledge acquisition when students engage in biodesign practices.
Material, Color, & Care: A Biodesign Methodology
Authors: Thies Jessica
Published: May 2024

The materials we choose are an essential part of biodesign; materials may be grown from living systems or sourced from natural ecosystems. To avoid creating similar climate problems with equally damaging or worse consequences, biodesigners can’t simply replace synthetic materials with bio-based ones - they need to consider nature as a partner. The culture of making an object, using and disposing of it will need to shift to a culture of care, empathy, partnership and sometimes a release of control. Biodesign has potential to disrupt current design systems and practices, however it is still a niche discipline yet to be integrated in traditional design pedagogy. I propose designing with a materials, color, care (MCC) philosophy to replace the traditional CMF (color, material, finish) approach.The MCC approach changes the focus from aesthetics and manufacturing to material lifecycle for climate-positive design. Materials, colors and finishing can be made with biological methods and natural biomass. Additionally, we can develop new rituals which care for our living collaborators. The biodesigner can translate the MCC methodology into any discipline, and ideally works collaboratively across fields. Hands-on research is essential to understanding a nonhuman collaborator and reconnect designers with the material source. The perspective of a biodesigner who has intimately worked with a species and understands its sentience, habits and needs, is better equipped to develop respectful systems-level change for all stakeholders. MCC can help integrate biodesign philosophy into traditional design education, training the next generation of designer to work in tandem with natural systems.
The Value of the Social Sciences
Authors: Loubert Linda
Published: May 2024

Technology is what drives an economy. It brings new ideas and ways of doing business and producing goods and services. Therefore, it is essential to keep that flow of progress going, yet those within society must know how to live within these technological settings. Social Sciences have a significant role in overseeing by providing their disciplines' understanding of the entry of new technologies. It behooves us always to uphold social sciences worth as those who push the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) disciplines might overlook. The value of the social sciences in the presence of STEM education was tested by Maguth [1], who found that a social science curriculum was essential for a successful STEM education and career. The social sciences bring the interpersonal skills and disposition essential to compete globally. Even Alvin Weinberg [2], one of America's great nuclear physicists, reflected that since a single intellectual discipline does not generate conflicts within society, the resolutions need social sciences and STEM disciplines to bring solutions.
Biomechanical analysis using finite element analysis of orbital floor fractures reproduced in a realistic experimental environment with an anatomical model
Authors: Yi Changryul Claud , Kim Jaehoon , Jung Jaebong , Jo Deoksang , Kim Ji Hoon
Published: May 2024

Introduction: In this study, we attempted to demonstrate the actual process of orbital floor fracture visually and computationally in anatomically reconstructed structures and to investigate them using finite element analysis.

Methods: A finite element model of the skull and cervical vertebrae was reconstructed from computed tomography data, and an eyeball surrounded by extraocular adipose was modeled in the orbital cavity. Three-dimensional volume mesh was generated using 173,894 of the 4-node hexahedral solid elements.

Results: For the cases where the impactor hit the infraorbital foramen, buckling occurred at the orbital bone as a result of the compressive force, and the von Mises stress exceeded 150 MPa. The range of stress components included inferior orbital rim and orbital floor. For the cases where the impactor hit the eyeball first, the orbital bone experienced less stress and the range of stress components limited in orbital floor. The critical speeds for blowout fracture were 4 m/s and 6 m/s for buckling and hydraulic mechanism.

Conclusion: Each mechanism has its own fracture inducing energy and its transmission process, type of force causing the fracture, and fracture pattern. It is possible to determine the mechanism of the fracture based on whether an orbital rim fracture is present.
Potential roles of inter-chromosomal interactions in cell fate determination
Authors: Tomikawa Junko
Published: May 2024

Mammalian genomic DNA is packed in a small nucleus, and its folding and organization in the nucleus are critical for gene regulation and cell fate determination. In interphase, chromosomes are compartmentalized into certain nuclear spaces and territories that are considered incompatible with each other. The regulation of gene expression is influenced by the epigenetic characteristics of topologically associated domains and A/B compartments within chromosomes (intrachromosomal). Previously, interactions among chromosomes detected via chromosome conformation capture-based methods were considered noise or artificial errors. However, recent studies based on newly developed ligation-independent methods have shown that inter-chromosomal interactions play important roles in gene regulation. This review summarizes the recent understanding of spatial genomic organization in mammalian interphase nuclei and discusses the potential mechanisms that determine cell identity. In addition, this review highlights the potential role of inter-chromosomal interactions in early mouse development.
STEM and gender gap: a systematic review in WoS, Scopus, and ERIC databases (2012–2022)
Authors: Beroíza-Valenzuela Francisca , Salas-Guzmán Natalia
Published: May 2024

Introduction

This article offers a thorough examination of relevant literature in the WoS, Scopus, and Eric databases for the period 2012–2022, utilizing the PRISMA model (2020) to address STEM and gender gap factors.

Methods

A comprehensive search of the Web of Science, Scopus, and Eric databases spanning the years 2012 to 2022 was conducted. Employing the PRISMA (2020) model, inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to identify pertinent studies that examined the relationship between STEM education and the gender gap. After rigorous evaluation, 24 articles that adhered to the established criteria were selected. These articles were thoroughly analyzed to extract relevant information pertaining to the factors contributing to the gender gap in STEM fields and educational interventions designed to alleviate these disparities.

Results

This analysis hinges on two fundamental dimensions. The first addresses the factors that contribute to the gender gap in STEM fields, while the second focuses on educational interventions crafted to mitigate bias. These interventions include activities aimed at enhancing skills in science, mathematics, engineering, and technology as well as fostering a growth mindset. The findings of this review suggest that research on gender and STEM predominantly emphasizes key issues using quantitative methodologies; however, it is recommended to explore other methodologies as well.

Discussion

The practical implications of this research relate to identifying critical areas in need of attention to address the identified gap and recognizing the necessity of diversifying the methods and tools used for gathering information to explore new factors that could account for gender biases in scientific fields. The study’s limitations lie in its exclusive focus on the binary gender gap between women and men without considering other relevant factors. Future analyses should incorporate the intersectionality perspective.
Association between diabetes mellitus and primary biliary cholangitis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Lv Dan , Wang Han , Leng Yan , Chen Sitong , Sun Haitao , Meng Xiangyue , Liu Tiejun , Xiong Zhuang
Published: May 2024

Background

Previous observational studies have demonstrated a link between diabetes mellitus(DM) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). Nevertheless, since these relationships might be confused, whether there is any causal connection or in which direction it exists is unclear. Our investigation aimed to identify the causal associations between DM and PBC.

Methods

We acquired genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets for PBC, Type 1 diabetes(T1DM), and Type 2 diabetes(T2DM) from published GWASs. Inverse variance-weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median (WM), Simple mode, and weighted mode methods were used to determine the causal relationships between DM(T1DM or T2DM) and PBC. Sensitivity analyses were also carried out to ensure the results were robust. To determine the causal relationship between PBC and DM(T1DM or T2DM), we also used reverse MR analysis.

Results

T1DM was associated with a higher risk of PBC (OR 1.1525; 95% CI 1.0612-1.2517; p = 0.0007) in the IVW method, but no evidence of a causal effect T2DM on PBC was found (OR 0.9905; 95% CI 0.8446-1.1616; p = 0.9071) in IVW. Results of the reverse MR analysis suggested genetic susceptibility that PBC was associated with an increased risk of T1DM (IVW: OR 1.1991; 95% CI 1.12-1.2838; p = 1.81E-07), but no evidence of a causal effect PBC on T2DM was found (IVW: OR 1.0101; 95% CI 0.9892-1.0315; p = 0.3420).

Conclusion

The current study indicated that T1DM increased the risk of developing PBC and vice versa. There was no proof of a causal connection between PBC probability and T2DM. Our results require confirmation through additional replication in larger populations.
A roadmap to reduce the risk of overexploiting EU marine living resources in a changing ocean
Authors: Bastardie François , Salvany Lara , Cooper Anne M. , Carvalho Natacha
Published: May 2024

We provide a balanced overview of how risk assessment and management is being tackled in the European Union (EU) and beyond to address the challenges of overexploiting marine living resources in EU waters. We aim to guide EU fisheries and aquaculture policymakers towards key actions to foster the transition to responsible, sustainable, clean energy, and resilient fisheries and aquaculture sectors, aligning with EU environmental objectives under the European Green Deal and the Common Fisheries Policy. Despite progress in reducing fishing pressure on some stocks in recent years, most of the stated (single-stock) sustainability objectives still need to be met. The risk of overexploiting marine resources remains high, especially when combined with other pressures such as pollution and climate change. Risk is defined as the probability of an adverse event arising from natural or human activities and excessive pressures. Scientists have documented these pressures, proposing regional risk assessments to support adequate risk-based management of human activities impacting marine and coastal regions. As a next step, we recall actionable short- to long-term recommendations to reduce the risks associated with exploiting these natural resources and ensure their sustainability and resilience. This includes actions the EU can take to improve and implement fisheries policy while prioritising less harmful alternatives among current fishing methods and considering the three pillars of sustainability i.e. environmental, economic and social. Such actions include capturing in scientific advice the strong, causal links between pressures induced by human activities, natural disturbances and ecosystem states; such understanding can be used in an uncertain and changing environment, with ocean productivity possibly trending towards new levels. Finally, we restate that conserving by reducing pressures and restoring the integrity of marine ecosystems is crucial for minimising the risk of overexploitation and ensuring future fishing and farming opportunities. This is the aim of an Ecosystem Approach to fisheries and aquaculture – it should safeguard the long-term economic and social capital already invested by the public and private sectors in exploiting marine living resources to continue delivering healthy, low-carbon, low-impact seafood to EU citizens and beyond.
Optimized submerged batch fermentation for metabolic switching in Streptomyces yanglinensis 3–10 providing platform for reveromycin A and B biosynthesis, engineering, and production
Authors: Yang Longyan , Shakeel Qaiser , Xu Xueqin , Ali Liaqat , Chen Zhiyan , Mubeen Mustansar , Sohail Muhammad Aamir , IfItikhar Yasir , Kumar Ajay , Solanki Manoj Kumar , Zhou Yun , Zhao Dongling , Alharbi Nada K. , Wang Jie
Published: May 2024

The cultivation system requires that the approach providing biomass for all types of metabolic analysis is of excellent quality and reliability. This study was conducted to enhance the efficiency and yield of antifungal substance (AFS) production in Streptomyces yanglinensis 3–10 by optimizing operation conditions of aeration, agitation, carbon source, and incubation time in a fermenter. Dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH were found to play significant roles in AFS production. The optimum pH for the production of AFS in S. yanglinensis 3–10 was found to be 6.5. As the AFS synthesis is generally thought to be an aerobic process, DO plays a significant role. The synthesis of bioactive compounds can vary depending on how DO affects growth rate. This study validates that the high growth rate and antifungal activity required a minimum DO concentration of approximately 20% saturation. The DO supply in a fermenter can be raised once agitation and aeration have been adjusted. Consequently, DO can stimulate the development of bacteria and enzyme production. A large shearing effect could result from the extreme agitation, harming the cell and deactivating its products. The highest inhibition zone diameter (IZD) was obtained with 3% starch, making starch a more efficient carbon source than glucose. Temperature is another important factor affecting AFS production. The needed fermentation time would increase and AFS production would be reduced by the too-low operating temperature. Furthermore, large-scale fermenters are challenging to manage at temperatures that are far below from room temperature. According to this research, 28°C is the ideal temperature for the fermentation of S. yanglinensis 3–10. The current study deals with the optimization of submerged batch fermentation involving the modification of operation conditions to effectively enhance the efficiency and yield of AFS production in S. yanglinensis 3–10.
A review for non-antibiotic treatment of Helicobacter pylori: new insight
Authors: Shadvar Neda , Akrami Sousan , Mousavi Sagharchi Seyyed-Mohammad-Amin , Askandar Rafee Habib , Merati Alireza , Aghayari Masoomeh , Kaviani Nikki , Afkhami Hamed , Kashfi Mojtaba
Published: May 2024

Gastric ulcers and gastric cancer are brought on by the Helicobacter pylori bacteria, which colonizes under the stomach mucous membrane. Different medication regimens are used to remove it, but the illness returns and becomes more resistant, which lowers the treatment rates. Additionally, this bacterium now exhibits a skyrocketing level of multi-drug resistance, necessitating recurrent therapeutic treatments. The negative effects of synthetic medications in comparison to conventional therapies are another significant factor in favor of non-pharmacological therapy. The most significant side effects of popular anti-gastric ulcer medications include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Stomach ulcers have previously been treated with herbal remedies and complementary treatments like probiotics. When probiotics are ingested, the host experiences several advantages that may be brought about by altering the bacterial flora in the digestive system. Additionally, stronger-acting chemical compounds and plant extracts can be employed to treat patients. In this article, we look at the substances and medications that are utilized in place of synthetic stomach ulcer-curing treatments.
Unraveling the potential of graphene quantum dots against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
Authors: Santarelli Giulia , Perini Giordano , Salustri Alessandro , Palucci Ivana , Rosato Roberto , Palmieri Valentina , Iacovelli Camilla , Bellesi Silvia , Sali Michela , Sanguinetti Maurizio , De Spirito Marco , Papi Massimiliano , Delogu Giovanni , De Maio Flavio
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The emergence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains has underscored the urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches. Carbon-based nanomaterials, such as graphene oxide (GO), have shown potential in anti-TB activities but suffer from significant toxicity issues.

Methods

This study explores the anti-TB potential of differently functionalized graphene quantum dots (GQDs) – non-functionalized, L-GQDs, aminated (NH2-GQDs), and carboxylated (COOH-GQDs) – alone and in combination with standard TB drugs (isoniazid, amikacin, and linezolid). Their effects were assessed in both axenic cultures and in vitro infection models.

Results

GQDs alone did not demonstrate direct mycobactericidal effects nor trapping activity. However, the combination of NH2-GQDs with amikacin significantly reduced CFUs in in vitro models. NH2-GQDs and COOH-GQDs also enhanced the antimicrobial activity of amikacin in infected macrophages, although L-GQDs and COOH-GQDs alone showed no significant activity.

Discussion

The results suggest that specific types of GQDs, particularly NH2-GQDs, can enhance the efficacy of existing anti-TB drugs. These nanoparticles might serve as effective adjuvants in anti-TB therapy by boosting drug performance and reducing bacterial counts in host cells, highlighting their potential as part of advanced drug delivery systems in tuberculosis treatment. Further investigations are needed to better understand their mechanisms and optimize their use in clinical settings.
Postinspiratory and preBötzinger complexes contribute to respiratory-sympathetic coupling in mice before and after chronic intermittent hypoxia
Authors: Karlen-Amarante Marlusa , Glovak Zachary T. , Huff Alyssa , Oliveira Luiz M. , Ramirez Jan-Marino
Published: May 2024

The sympathetic nervous system modulates arterial blood pressure. Individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) experience numerous nightly hypoxic episodes and exhibit elevated sympathetic activity to the cardiovascular system leading to hypertension. This suggests that OSA disrupts normal respiratory-sympathetic coupling. This study investigates the role of the postinspiratory complex (PiCo) and preBötzinger complex (preBötC) in respiratory-sympathetic coupling under control conditions and following exposure to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) for 21 days (5% O2–80 bouts/day). The surface of the ventral brainstem was exposed in urethane (1.5 g/kg) anesthetized, spontaneously breathing adult mice. Cholinergic (ChAT), glutamatergic (Vglut2), and neurons that co-express ChAT and Vglut2 at PiCo, as well as Dbx1 and Vglut2 neurons at preBötC, were optogenetically stimulated while recording activity from the diaphragm (DIA), vagus nerve (cVN), and cervical sympathetic nerve (cSN). Following CIH exposure, baseline cSN activity increased, breathing frequency increased, and expiratory time decreased. In control mice, stimulating PiCo specific cholinergic-glutamatergic neurons caused a sympathetic burst during all phases of the respiratory cycle, whereas optogenetic activation of cholinergic-glutamatergic PiCo neurons in CIH mice increased sympathetic activity only during postinspiration and late expiration. Stimulation of glutamatergic PiCo neurons increased cSN activity during the postinspiratory phase in control and CIH mice. Optogenetic stimulation of ChAT containing neurons in the PiCo area did not affect sympathetic activity under control or CIH conditions. Stimulating Dbx1 or Vglut2 neurons in preBötC evoked an inspiration and a concomitant cSN burst under control and CIH conditions. Taken together, these results suggest that PiCo and preBötC contribute to respiratory-sympathetic coupling, which is altered by CIH, and may contribute to the hypertension observed in patients with OSA.
From metabolism to malignancy: the multifaceted role of PGC1α in cancer
Authors: Wang Yue , Peng Jianing , Yang Dengyuan , Xing Zhongjie , Jiang Bo , Ding Xu , Jiang Chaoyu , Ouyang Bing , Su Lei
Published: May 2024

PGC1α, a central player in mitochondrial biology, holds a complex role in the metabolic shifts seen in cancer cells. While its dysregulation is common across major cancers, its impact varies. In some cases, downregulation promotes aerobic glycolysis and progression, whereas in others, overexpression escalates respiration and aggression. PGC1α’s interactions with distinct signaling pathways and transcription factors further diversify its roles, often in a tissue-specific manner. Understanding these multifaceted functions could unlock innovative therapeutic strategies. However, challenges exist in managing the metabolic adaptability of cancer cells and refining PGC1α-targeted approaches. This review aims to collate and present the current knowledge on the expression patterns, regulators, binding partners, and roles of PGC1α in diverse cancers. We examined PGC1α’s tissue-specific functions and elucidated its dual nature as both a potential tumor suppressor and an oncogenic collaborator. In cancers where PGC1α is tumor-suppressive, reinstating its levels could halt cell proliferation and invasion, and make the cells more receptive to chemotherapy. In cancers where the opposite is true, halting PGC1α’s upregulation can be beneficial as it promotes oxidative phosphorylation, allows cancer cells to adapt to stress, and promotes a more aggressive cancer phenotype. Thus, to target PGC1α effectively, understanding its nuanced role in each cancer subtype is indispensable. This can pave the way for significant strides in the field of oncology.
Mechanism of tacrolimus in the treatment of lupus nephritis
Authors: Wang Ming , Zhou Jing , Niu Qiyan , Wang Hongyue
Published: May 2024

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disorder, with more than half of the patients developing lupus nephritis (LN), which significantly contributes to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The treatment of lupus nephritis has always been challenging. Tacrolimus (TAC), an effective immunosuppressant, has been increasingly used in the treatment of LN in recent years. This review aims to explore the mechanisms of action of tacrolimus in treating LN. Firstly, we briefly introduce the pharmacological properties of tacrolimus, including its role as a calcineurin (CaN) inhibitor, exerting immunosuppressive effects by inhibiting T cell activation and cytokine production. Subsequently, we focus on various other immunomodulatory mechanisms of tacrolimus in LN therapy, including its effects on T cells, B cells, and immune cells in kidney. Particularly, we emphasize tacrolimus’ regulatory effect on inflammatory mediators and its importance in modulating the Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg balance. Additionally, we review its effects on actin cytoskeleton, angiotensin II (Ang II)-specific vascular contraction, and P-glycoprotein activity, summarizing its impacts on non-immune mechanisms. Finally, we summarize the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus in clinical studies and trials. Although some studies have shown significant efficacy of tacrolimus in treating LN, its safety remains a challenge. We outline the potential adverse reactions of long-term tacrolimus use and provide suggestions on effectively monitoring and managing these adverse reactions in clinical practice. In general, tacrolimus, as a novel immunosuppressant, holds promising prospects for treating LN. Of course, further research is needed to better understand its therapeutic mechanisms and ensure its safety and efficacy in clinical practice.
Effects of left-hand contraction on tennis serve performance
Authors: Mizuno Kanta , Masaki Hiroaki
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The tennis serve is commonly executed in high-pressure scenarios, often leading to performance decline; a condition commonly referred to as choking under pressure. One suggested effective method to avert choking involves contracting the left hand. We examined the effects of left-hand contraction on tennis serve performance using a wearable grasping material (polyurethane foam) which can be incorporated into sportswear.

Materials and methods

We assigned 40 right-handed skilled tennis players to either the contraction group (n = 20) or the no-contraction group (n = 20). They were instructed to perform a second-serve task during the pre-test and pressure test. The participants in the contraction group squeezed the grasping material for 20 s before executing the task in the pressure test. We measured performance, including total scores, the number of maximum score achievements, landing positions, and kinematic indices (i.e., ball speed, racket speed, and impact height).

Results

Although neither group demonstrated deteriorated performance on the pressure test, the contraction group experienced an increased number of maximum score achievements under the pressure situation compared with the pre-test (p = 0.021).

Discussion

Our results suggest that when under pressure, left-hand contraction may improve performance during tennis serves.
Examining the role of AI technology in online mental healthcare: opportunities, challenges, and implications, a mixed-methods review
Authors: Gutierrez Gilmar , Stephenson Callum , Eadie Jazmin , Asadpour Kimia , Alavi Nazanin
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Online mental healthcare has gained significant attention due to its effectiveness, accessibility, and scalability in the management of mental health symptoms. Despite these advantages over traditional in-person formats, including higher availability and accessibility, issues with low treatment adherence and high dropout rates persist. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies could help address these issues, through powerful predictive models, language analysis, and intelligent dialogue with users, however the study of these applications remains underexplored. The following mixed methods review aimed to supplement this gap by synthesizing the available evidence on the applications of AI in online mental healthcare.

Method

We searched the following databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and Cochrane. This review included peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials, observational studies, non-randomized experimental studies, and case studies that were selected using the PRISMA guidelines. Data regarding pre and post-intervention outcomes and AI applications were extracted and analyzed. A mixed-methods approach encompassing meta-analysis and network meta-analysis was used to analyze pre and post-intervention outcomes, including main effects, depression, anxiety, and study dropouts. We applied the Cochrane risk of bias tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) to assess the quality of the evidence.

Results

Twenty-nine studies were included revealing a variety of AI applications including triage, psychotherapy delivery, treatment monitoring, therapy engagement support, identification of effective therapy features, and prediction of treatment response, dropout, and adherence. AI-delivered self-guided interventions demonstrated medium to large effects on managing mental health symptoms, with dropout rates comparable to non-AI interventions. The quality of the data was low to very low.

Discussion

The review supported the use of AI in enhancing treatment response, adherence, and improvements in online mental healthcare. Nevertheless, given the low quality of the available evidence, this study highlighted the need for additional robust and high-powered studies in this emerging field.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=443575, identifier CRD42023443575.
Stimulant medication use and apparent cortical thickness development in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a prospective longitudinal study
Authors: van der Pal Zarah , Walhovd Kristine B. , Amlien Inge K. , Guichelaar Carlijn Jamila , Kaiser Antonia , Bottelier Marco A. , Geurts Hilde M. , Reneman Liesbeth , Schrantee Anouk
Published: May 2024

Background

Stimulant medication is commonly prescribed as treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). While we previously found that short-term stimulant-treatment influences apparent cortical thickness development in an age-dependent manner, it remains unknown whether these effects persist throughout development into adulthood.

Purpose

Investigate the long-term age-dependent effects of stimulant medication use on apparent cortical thickness development in adolescents and adults previously diagnosed with ADHD.

Methods

This prospective study included the baseline and 4-year follow-up assessment of the “effects of Psychotropic drugs On the Developing brain-MPH” (“ePOD-MPH”) project, conducted between June-1-2011 and December-28-2019. The analyses were pre-registered (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/32BHF). T1-weighted MR scans were obtained from male adolescents and adults, and cortical thickness was estimated for predefined regions of interest (ROIs) using Freesurfer. We determined medication use and assessed symptoms of ADHD, anxiety, and depression at both time points. Linear mixed models were constructed to assess main effects and interactions of stimulant medication use, time, and age group on regional apparent cortical thickness.

Results

A total of 32 male adolescents (aged mean ± SD, 11.2 ± 0.9 years at baseline) and 24 men (aged mean ± SD, 29.9 ± 5.0 years at baseline) were included that previously participated in the ePOD-MPH project. We found no evidence for long-term effects of stimulant medication use on ROI apparent cortical thickness. As expected, we did find age-by-time interaction effects in all ROIs (left prefrontal ROI: P=.002, right medial and posterior ROIs: P<.001), reflecting reductions in apparent cortical thickness in adolescents. Additionally, ADHD symptom severity (adolescents: P<.001, adults: P=.001) and anxiety symptoms (adolescents: P=0.03) were reduced, and more improvement of ADHD symptoms was associated with higher medication use in adults (P=0.001).

Conclusion

We found no evidence for long-term effects of stimulant-treatment for ADHD on apparent cortical thickness development in adolescents and adults. The identified age-dependent differences in apparent cortical thickness development are consistent with existing literature on typical cortical development.
A mixed methods analysis of existing assessment and evaluation tools (AETs) for mental health applications
Authors: Ahmed Sarah , Trimmer Chris , Khan Wishah , Tuck Andrew , Rodak Terri , Agic Branka , Kavic Kelsey , Wadhawan Sapna , Abbott Maureen , Husain M. Omair , Husain M. Ishrat , McKenzie Kwame , Quintana Yuri , Naeem Farooq
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Mental health Applications (MH Apps) can potentially improve access to high-quality mental health care. However, the recent rapid expansion of MH Apps has created growing concern regarding their safety and effectiveness, leading to the development of AETs (Assessment and Evaluation Tools) to help guide users. This article provides a critical, mixed methods analysis of existing AETs for MH Apps by reviewing the criteria used to evaluate MH Apps and assessing their effectiveness as evaluation tools.

Methods

To identify relevant AETs, gray and scholarly literature were located through stakeholder consultation, Internet searching via Google and a literature search of bibliographic databases Medline, APA PsycInfo, and LISTA. Materials in English that provided a tool or method to evaluate MH Apps and were published from January 1, 2000, to January 26, 2021 were considered for inclusion.

Results

Thirteen relevant AETs targeted for MH Apps met the inclusion criteria. The qualitative analysis of AETs and their evaluation criteria revealed that despite purporting to focus on MH Apps, the included AETs did not contain criteria that made them more specific to MH Apps than general health applications. There appeared to be very little agreed-upon terminology in this field, and the focus of selection criteria in AETs is often IT-related, with a lesser focus on clinical issues, equity, and scientific evidence. The quality of AETs was quantitatively assessed using the AGREE II, a standardized tool for evaluating assessment guidelines. Three out of 13 AETs were deemed ‘recommended’ using the AGREE II.

Discussion

There is a need for further improvements to existing AETs. To realize the full potential of MH Apps and reduce stakeholders’ concerns, AETs must be developed within the current laws and governmental health policies, be specific to mental health, be feasible to implement and be supported by rigorous research methodology, medical education, and public awareness.
A blended face-to-face and eHealth lifestyle intervention on physical activity, diet, and health outcomes in Hong Kong community-dwelling older adults: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yang Min , Duan Yanping , Lippke Sonia , Liang Wei , Su Ning
Published: May 2024

Background

Aging individuals are vulnerable to various Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs). Different behaviors are closely related to a decreased risk of suffering from NCDs: sufficient Physical Activity (PA) (e.g., at least 150 mins Moderate-to-vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) per week) and a healthy daily diet (e.g., at least five portions of Fruit and Vegetable Intake (FVI), 5–6 taels (189.0–226.8 g) Meat, Fish, Egg and Alternatives (MFEA)). Traditional face-to-face interventions were effective in behavior change. However, it was revealed to be resource-intensive and limited transfer due to poor self-regulation skills outside of face-to-face sessions. Thus, eHealth could be a supplement for older adults outside traditional face-to-face settings. The blended approach combining these two interventions might optimize the intervention effects on lifestyle behavior initiation and maintenance, but little research can be found among Hong Kong older adults. Therefore, the study aims to test a blended intervention to promote PA, diet, and health outcomes among Hong Kong community-dwelling older adults.

Methods

This study will adopt a 10-week three-arm randomized controlled trial. The blended group will receive weekly (1) two 60-min face-to-face sessions with one for PA and one for diet, and (2) two web-based sessions with one for PA and one for diet. The face-to-face group will receive the same intervention content as the face-to-face sessions in the blended group. The control condition will receive a biweekly telephone call. The outcomes will include MVPA (minutes/week), FVI (portions/day), MFEA consumption (taels/day), social-cognitive factors (self-efficacy, planning, social support, action control), physical health outcomes (clinical indicators, senior physical fitness), mental health outcomes (depression, loneliness) and health-related quality of life. Data collection will be implemented at the pre-test, post-test, and 3-month follow-up test.

Discussion

This is the first study evaluating a blended intervention promoting multiple health behaviors among Hong Kong community-dwelling older adults. If the effect of the blended intervention is superior to the traditional face-to-face group and the control group, it will enrich lifestyle intervention approaches and can be applied to older adults, helping them obtain health benefits. Furthermore, a better understanding of mechanisms will also have implications for theory-building.

Clinical trial registration

https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN32329348, ISRCTN32329348.
Qualitative analysis of the factors associated with whistleblowing intentions among athletes from six European countries
Authors: Toner John , Jones Luke , Fairs Lucas , Mantis Constantine , Barkoukis Vassilis , Daroglou Garyfallia , Perry John L. , Micle Andrei V. , Theodorou Nikolaos C. , Shakhverdieva Sabina , Stoicescu Marius , Pompiliu-Nicolae Constantin , Vesic Milica V. , Dikic Nenad , Andjelkovic Marija , Revilla Jesús Muñoz-Guerra , García-Grimau Elena , Martínez Miguel A. E. , Amigo Javier A. , Schomöller Anne , Nicholls Adam Robert
Published: May 2024

Although whistleblowing is thought to represent an effective mechanism for detecting and uncovering doping in sport, it has yet to become a widely adopted practice. Understanding the factors that encourage or discourage whistleblowing is of vital importance for the promotion of this practice and the development of pedagogical material to enhance the likelihood of whistleblowing. The current study employed a qualitative methodology to explore the personal and organisational factors that underpin intentions to blow the whistle or that may lead to engagement in whistleblowing behaviours in sport. Thirty-three competitive athletes across a range of sports took part in a semi-structured interview which sought to explore what they would do should they encounter a doping scenario. Content analysis revealed that whistleblowing is a dynamic process characterised by the interaction of a range of personal and organisational factors in determining the intention to report PED use. These factors included moral reasoning, a desire to keep the matter “in-house”, perceived personal costs, institutional attitudes to doping, and social support. Analysis revealed a number of “intervening events”, including a perceived lack of organisational protection (e.g., ethical leadership) within some sporting sub-cultures, which present an important obstacle to whistleblowing. The intention to report doping was underpinned by a “fairness-loyalty trade-off” which involved athletes choosing to adhere to either fairness norms (which relate to a sense that all people and groups are treated equally) or loyalty norms (which reflect preferential treatment towards an in-group) when deciding whether they would blow the whistle. The promotion of fairness norms that emphasise a group's collective interests might encourage athletes to view whistleblowing as a means of increasing group cohesiveness and effectiveness and thereby increase the likelihood of this practice.