bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dissemination of Baltic Art Photography in Specialised Magazines from the 1960s to the 1980s: Sovetskoe Foto, Revue Fotografie, Fotografia, and FOTO
Authors: Odnoviun Valentyn
Published: July 2023

The article examines the representation and dissemination of Baltic art photography in specific Soviet, Czechoslovak, and Polish magazines from the 1960s to the 1980s. The analysis of the issues of Sovetskoe Foto, Revue Fotografie, Fotografia, and FOTO reveals the extent and proportions of the dissemination of photography of each Baltic republic abroad and its perception by foreign art critics and editors. Based on factual data, the research may shed light on some myths created around particular Baltic photographers by presenting a clearer image of their role in the regional photography scene. This article supplements the existing research on the topic by contributing to a more holistic understanding of how well Baltic photographers were represented abroad.
Užmiršti tam, kad prisimintum: aktoriaus ir personažo santykio problema šiuolaikiniame teatre
Authors: Renevytė Rimgailė
Published: July 2023

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama, kaip pasikeitė vaidmens ir vaidybos suvokimas šiuolaikiniame teatre. Susidurdami su skirtingomis režisūros kryptimis aktoriai labai individualiai adaptuoja, dekonstruoja net ir klasikines XX a. režisūrinio teatro suformuluotas vaidmens kūrimo technikas. Tačiau dažnai ši aktorinė praktika lieka „jausmine“ išraiška, t. y. stokoja aiškios metodologijos ir refleksijos, kuri leistų suvokti šiuolaikinę vaidmens ir vaidybos sampratą. Straipsnyje svarstant apie aktoriaus ir personažo sąveiką pasitelkiama vaidybos ir atminties teorijos perspektyva. Remiantis gerai žinomo lenkų spektaklio „(A)Pollonia“ (rež. Krysztofas Warlikowskis, „Nowy Teatr“, 2009) pavyzdžiu, siekiama atskleisti, kaip aktoriaus ir personažo sąveika tapo nebeatsiejama vaidmens ir paties spektaklio kūrimo strategija. Svarstoma, kaip įkūnydamas personažą aktorius į vaidmenį kaip tam tikrą brechtiškos tradicijos šešėlį „įsileidžia“ ir save, šitaip išplėsdamas personažą iš tradicinio jo vaizdavimo ribų. Taigi vienodai svarbus tampa aktoriaus santykis su savimi, jo savimonė ir savikūra per vaidmens kūrimą.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Pemberian Kolostrum pada Bayi Baru Lahir di Puskesmas Curug Kota Serang Provinsi Banten tahun 2018.
Authors: Halimatusyadiah Leni
Published: July 2023

In order to reduce child morbidity and mortality, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the World Health Organization (WHO) recommend giving colostrum immediately after birth and exclusive breastfeeding until the baby is 6 months old (Depkes RI, 2014). The Government of Indonesia through the Decree of the Minister of Health Number 450/SK/Menkes/VIII/2004 dated April 7, 2004 has determined exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months to mothers in Indonesia. (Infodatin, 2014). The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with giving colostrum to newborns at the Curug Health Center, Serang City, Banten Province in 2018. In this study, the authors used this type of research using observational analytics. The research method used is cross sectional. The population used in this study were mothers who gave birth normally at the Curug Health Center in Banten Province, amounting to 38 in October 2018. In this study, the sampling technique used was accidental sampling. The results of statistical research using chi-square showed that the knowledge and family support variables were associated with giving colostrum to newborns with p-values ??of (0.001 < (0.05) and (0.004 < (0.05). in order to increase knowledge, insight and seek as much information as possible about the benefits of breastfeeding, especially colostrum breast milk and it is hoped that mothers can improve relationships between individuals both with family and friends who can later share information, experiences and support each other in breastfeeding their children.
Tokenizacja obligacji – uwagi na tle art. 8 ust. 2 ustawy z dnia 15 stycznia 2015 r. o obligacjach
Authors: Czaplicki Paweł
Published: July 2023

W artykule omówiono problematykę tokenizacji obligacji w Polsce. Przedstawiono również postulaty de lege ferenda dotyczące realizacji tego procesu w polskich warunkach prawnych. W artykule zastosowano metodę dogamtyczno-prawną. Kluczowym problemem badawczym postawionym w artykule była odpowiedź na pytanie, czy tokenizacja obligacji w Polsce jest możliwa. Zgodnie z hipotezą postawioną przez Autora przepisy prawa, obowiązujące w tym zakresie, uniemożliwiają w obecnie tokenizację obligacji w Polsce.
19e Conférence annuelle Claire L’Heureux-Dubé 9 septembre 2022
Authors: Ruel Simon
Published: July 2023

Si la définition des politiques publiques et le pouvoir de légiférer appartiennent à l’exécutif et aux législatures, les juges ont été précurseurs d’importants changements de société, particulièrement depuis l’avènement de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés. Certains de ces enjeux peuvent être clivants et avoir des impacts importants et durables sur le plan social, environnemental, économique ou politique. Quel est le rôle du pouvoir judiciaire dans l’évolution des changements de société ? Existe-t-il des risques de perte de légitimité des institutions judiciaires découlant d’interventions perçues comme empiétant de manière importante sur la sphère d’action des autres branches de l’État ? L’auteur explore les conceptions et les limites de l’intervention judiciaire sur ces questions et traite de la nécessaire recherche d’un équilibre qui s’opérationnalise par un dialogue entre les pouvoirs exécutif, législatif et judiciaire.
L’Organisation pour l’harmonisation en Afrique du droit des affaires en quête de règles uniformes de droit international privé : état des lieux et perspectives
Authors: Marque Étienne
Published: July 2023

L’Organisation pour l’harmonisation en Afrique du droit des affaires (OHADA) s’est depuis peu engagée sur la voie de l’uniformisation des règles de droit international privé de ses États membres. Une telle entreprise est sans précédent pour cette organisation. Pour la première fois en trois décennies d’existence, le domaine de l’uniformisation ne sera en effet pas celui de l’arbitrage ou du droit substantiel des affaires, mais celui du traitement des relations d’affaires ayant des éléments de rattachement avec plusieurs ordres juridiques. Ce projet d’acte uniforme est bienvenu à plus d’un titre. Il comblerait d’abord un déficit patent de règles de droit international privé dans un espace qui intègre pourtant 17 États, et qui est donc propice aux relations d’affaires internationales. En oeuvrant désormais à l’articulation des lois et des juridictions nationales de ses États membres, le droit OHADA prendrait de surcroît le contre-pied de son approche traditionnelle qui consistait jusqu’alors à les neutraliser. Plus qu’un nouvel acte uniforme, ce projet constitue donc un important changement d’orientation pour l’OHADA.
L’évaluation des facteurs relatifs à la vie privée : pour un équilibre entre l’objectif de protection des renseignements personnels et la responsabilité des entreprises
Authors: Kablan Serge , Oulaï Arthur , Mignault Patrick
Published: July 2023

Le Québec a récemment adopté la Loi modernisant des dispositions législatives en matière de protection des renseignements personnels qui, comme son titre l’indique, modernise la protection des renseignements personnels dans diverses lois, incluant la Loi sur la protection des renseignements personnels dans le secteur privé. Parmi les nouvelles obligations imposées aux entreprises figure l’obligation de réaliser une évaluation des facteurs relatifs à la vie privée (EFVP). Le présent texte explore l’EFVP en examinant, d’une part, les situations dans lesquelles une telle évaluation est requise et en esquissant, d’autre part, quelques éléments permettant d’en comprendre la méthode et la réalisation. L’étude des contours de cette nouvelle obligation, illustrée par le développement et l’exploitation d’une technologie financière, dévoile un fardeau imposant pour les entreprises. En même temps, l’étude permet de constater que la généralisation de l’EFVP contraste avec l’absence de balises législatives. Les auteurs plaident pour une obligation plus équilibrée et mieux éclairée.
Foucault, a arqueologia e As palavras e as coisas – 50 anos depois
Authors: Domingues Ivan
Published: July 2023

Tendo frequentado os cursos de Foucault no Collège de France entre os anos de 1981 e 1983, em quem vê o interlocutor oculto de sua tese de doutorado defendida mais tarde na Sorbonne, Ivan Domingues faz neste livro uma análise extensa e acurada da obra que o inspirou, As palavras e as coisas – uma arqueologia das ciências humanas. Ao mesmo tempo, realiza uma ansiada homenagem ao eminente filósofo, na ocasião dos 50 anos da obra, lançada em 1966 com grande repercussão na França e pelo mundo afora, inclusive no Brasil.
Characteristics and suppression methods of low-frequency oscillation in Hall thruster
Authors: Chen Long , Wang Di-Ya , Chen Jun-Yu , Duan Ping , Yang Ye-Hui , Tan Cong-Qi ,   School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
Published: July 2023

Low frequency oscillation in the discharge channel of Hall thruster is an important physical phenomenon that affects its performance and stability. In this paper, the characteristics of low-frequency oscillation of the discharge current of Hall thruster and its suppression method are numerically studied by using a one-dimensional fluid model. Assuming that the discharge channel satisfies the quasi-neutral condition, the effects of electron-neutral collision, electron anomalous transport and electron-wall collision on conductivity are considered. The changes of plasma parameters and the effects of magnetic field, preionization rate, and atomic velocity on the amplitude and frequency of discharge current oscillation are also studied. Research results show that the variation of electron temperature in the discharge channel is closely related to the ionization process, and the electron temperature increases as the ionization intensity increases. The fluctuations in neutral gas flow rate and atomic density in the discharge process cause the ionization region to move forward and backward and the ionization intensity to change, which are the main driving forces for the low-frequency oscillation of discharge current in the channel. The magnetic field intensity in the discharge channel affects the axial current by influencing the electron mobility. With the increase of field strength, the oscillation frequency of current decreases, and under different magnetic field strengths, the current amplitude drops as the discharge voltage decreases. When the preionization rate of the working gas increases to above 4%, the amplitude of the discharge current oscillation gradually decreases. When the preionization rate is greater than 3% and the atomic velocity is less than 160 m/s, the discharge current oscillation in the channel exhibits damping attenuation, achieving a stabilizing effect which conduces to stabilizing the discharge of the Hall thruster.
Modeling of ion accelerated by borehole radiation pressure based on deep learning
Authors: Zhang Pu-Du , Wang Wei-Quan , Li Zhe-Min , Zhang Zi-Xuan , Wang Ye-Chen , Zhou Hong-Yu , Yin Yan ,   Department of Physics, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China,   Department of Mathematics, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
Published: July 2023

Laser-driven ion acceleration has potential applications in high energy density matter, ion beam-driven fast ignition, beam target neutron source, warm dense matter heating, etc. Ultrashort relativistic laser interacting with solid target can generate ion beam with several hundreds of MeV in energy, and the quality of the ion beam depends strongly on the interaction parameters between the laser and the target. Development in deep learning can provide new method of analyzing the relationship between parameters in physics system, which can significantly reduce the computational and experimental cost. In this paper, a continuous mapping model of ion peak and cutoff energy is developed based on a fully connected neural network (FCNN). In the model, the dataset is composed of nearly 400 sets of particle simulations of laser-driven solid targets, and the input parameters are laser intensity, target density, target thickness, and ion mass. The model uses sparse parameter values to obtain the analysis results in a large range of parameters, which greatly reduces the computational amount of multi-dimensional parameters sweeping in a wide range. Based on the results of this model mapping, the correction formula for the ion peak energy is obtained. Furthermore, the ratio of ion cutoff energy to peak energy of each set of particle simulation is calculated. Repeating the same training process of ion peak energy and cutoff energy, the continuous mapping model of energy ratio is developed. According to the energy ratio model mapping results, the quantitative description of the relationship between ion cutoff energy and peak energy is realized, and the fitting formula for the cutoff energy of the hole-boring radiation pressure acceleration (HB-RPA) mechanism is obtained, which can provide an important reference for designing the laser-driven ion acceleration experiments.
CircRNA: a rising star in leukemia
Authors: Li Qianan , Ren Xinxin , Wang Ying , Xin Xiaoru
Published: July 2023

Non-coding RNA are a class of RNA that lack the potential to encode proteins. CircRNAs, generated by a post-splicing mechanism, are a newly discovered type of non-coding RNA with multi-functional covalent loop structures. CircRNAs may play an important role in the occurrence and progression of tumors. Research has shown that circRNAs are aberrantly expressed in various types of human cancers, including leukemia. In this review, we summarize the expression and function of circRNAs and their impact on different types of leukemia. We also illustrate the function of circRNAs on immune modulation and chemoresistance in leukemia and their impact on its diagnosis and prognosis. Herein, we provide an understanding of recent advances in research that highlight the importance of circRNAs in proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and autophagy in different types of leukemia. Furthermore, circRNAs make an indispensable difference in the modulation of the immunity and chemoresistance of leukemia. Increasing evidence suggests that circRNAs may play a vital role in the diagnostic and prognostic markers of leukemia because of their prominent properties. More detailed preclinical studies on circRNAs are needed to explore effective ways in which they can serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of leukemia in vivo.
Some structural features of the peptide profile of myelin basic protein-hydrolyzing antibodies in schizophrenic patients
Authors: Zavialova Maria , Kamaeva Daria , Kazieva Laura , Skvortsov Vladlen S. , Smirnova Liudmila
Published: July 2023

The antibodies of schizophrenic patients that hydrolyze myelin basic protein (MBP) have been actively studied recently, but the mechanism of the catalytic properties of immunoglobulin molecules remains unknown. Determination of specific immunoglobulin sequences associated with the high activity of MBP proteolysis will help to understand the mechanisms of abzyme catalysis. In the course of comparative mass spectrometric analysis of IgG peptides from the blood serum of patients with acute schizophrenia and healthy people, 12 sequences were identified, which were found only in antibodies that hydrolyze MBP. These sequences belong to IgG heavy chains and κ- and λ-type light chains, with eight of them belonging to variable domains. The content of peptides from the variable regions of the light chains does not correlate with the proteolytic activity of IgG to MBP in patients with schizophrenia, whereas for two sequences from the variable regions of the heavy chains (FQ(+0.98)GWVTMTR and *LYLQMN(+0.98)SLR), an increase in activity with increasing their concentration. The results suggest that these sequences may be involved in one way or another in MBP hydrolysis.
Assessment of the Readiness of Institutions and Undergraduates’ Attitude to Online Learning Mode in Nigerian Universities
Authors: Ayodeji Fasanmi Success , Taiwo Adeyemi Adedolapo
Published: July 2023

The emergence of the corona virus pandemic and the rate of the spread affected a lot of activities across the world. This led to the introduction of online learning mode in several countries after institutions were shut down. Unfortunately, most public universities in Nigeria could not switch to the online mode because they were not prepared for it as they do not have the technological capacity to support a full online learning mode. This study examines the readiness of University and attitude of undergraduates towards online learning mode in Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU), Ile Ife.  It investigated the skills and competencies of students for online learning as well as the University’s readiness towards online learning mode and effort was made to identify challenges of online teaching and learning in the study area and suggested solutions were advanced. OAU was selected because it is adjudged to be the leading Information and Communication Technology (ICT) driven institution in Nigeria. The study employed a descriptive survey research design. A total of 256 academic staff and 1503 undergraduates were selected across six faculties out of the thirteen faculties in the University. Questionnaires were used to elicit responses from the respondents. The result showed that students have the skills and competence to operate e-learning facilities but are faced by challenges such as high data cost, erratic power supply, lack of gadget among others. The study found out that the university was not prepared for online learning mode as it lacks basic technological facilities to support it. The study equally showed that while lecturers possess certain skills in using some e-learning applications, they were limited by the unavailability of online support gadgets, poor internet connectivity, and unstable power supply. Furthermore, the assessment of student attitude towards online learning mode shows that the students found the online learning mode very challenging as they had to bear the huge cost of data. Lecturers also faced same challenge as they had to pay a lot to buy data and the networks were sometimes unstable. The study recommended that adequate funding needs to be provided to public universities by the government while management of institutions must build technological capacities to support online learning mode in the hybrid form and on full basis in case of future emergencies.
Relative Economics of Farmers Practicing Different Farming Systems and their Impact on Livelihood Security in Mandya District of Karnataka, India
Authors: Shwetha N. V. , Shivalingaiah Y. N.
Published: July 2023

A study conducted in Mandya district of Karnataka to examine the livelihood security of farmers practising important farming systems and their relative economic viability. Pandavapura and K.R.Pete talukas were selected from Mandya region. The vital farming systems in each taluk had been recognized after a radical discussion with line department specialists and after discussion with farmers and the major farming systems were decided on from each taluk: that is “paddy+dairy” and “paddy+dairy+horticulture” in K.R. Pete taluk, and “sugarcane+dairy” and “sugarcane+dairy+horticulture” in Pandavapura taluk. For each farming system, 30 respondents were randomly decided, giving an aggregate sample size of 120. A comprehensive measuring scale was developed to measure the livelihood security. Six components of livelihood security specifically food and nutrition security, economic, ecological, social, psychological and physical security have been recognized to assess the livelihood security of farmers. In the case of the farming system "paddy + dairy" social security (63.33%), in the case of the farming system "paddy+ dairy + horticulture" ecological security (70.00%), in the matter of  "sugarcane + dairy" economic security (73.33%) and with regards to "sugarcane + dairy + horticulture" social security (76.66%) become labelled as I rank. The highest benefit-cost ratio was found in the case of "sugarcane + dairy + horticulture” (1:2.62) followed by “sugarcane+dairy” (1:2.47), “sugarcane+dairy+horticulture” (1:2.3) and “paddy+dairy” (1:1.43). Therefore, the sugarcane+dairy+horticulture farming system needs to be popularized via ensuring an assured market for horticulture products and offering a minimum support rate price for sugarcane.
Institutions of Higher Education from the Beginnings of Civilization to 600 A.D.
Authors: Güemes Luciana Acosta , Cusumano Ana Maria , Milán Carolina Giménez
Published: July 2023

The human being tried, in one way or another, to satisfy his thirst for knowledge and look for ways to acquire, expand or generate it. In this sense, there are records of formal organizations dedicated to higher education (HE) since 1000 BC in China, and since 800 BC in India. Many of them functioned in monasteries dedicated mainly to religious studies, but without ceasing to impart knowledge about other disciplinary branches such as Medicine, Mathematics or Grammar. Other institutions, such as the Imperial Chinese Academy or the Great Taehak School in Korea, were oriented to the training of future workers in the imperial administration, with a marked pragmatic and Confucian cut. An advantage among HE centers in antiquity was the ease of allowing the migration of students and, therefore, of knowledge; because they did not yet have political or religious restrictions. Among its amazing characteristics, its organization with academic bodies, curricula, certificates of completion of studies and its own facilities stands out. The only distinction between HE establishments in antiquity and proper universities developed in the european middle ages was the legal autonomy of the latter, which allowed them to grant academic degrees.
Aluminium Foil as a Packaging Material for Fishery Products: A Review
Authors: A’yun Vina Qurrota , Liviawaty Evi , Pratama Rusky Intan , Junianto
Published: July 2023

Aluminium foil is a thin material made of aluminum metal used for packaging. Aluminium foil has good properties for packaging food products, including hermetic, flexible, opaque, impervious to moisture and water, non-flammable, and does not absorb other materials or substances. Widely, aluminium foil is used as a coating, especially for packaging food which must be protected from gas, moisture, odors, and light so that it can better maintain the durability of the packaged product. Fishery products need to be packaged to extend shelf life and maintain product quality. Several studies have shown that the use of aluminium foil packaging can extend the shelf life compared to other packaging.
Development in Teaching Style on Classroom Management
Authors: Samaddar Ritu , Sikdar Deb Prasad
Published: July 2023

Knowledge is the greatest gift that man can get.  Knowledge is not born by man. Human acquires knowledge by experience. There has been a radical change in the way people learn from ancient times to present. The method which was used in ancient times to acquire knowledge in educational institutions is irrelevant today. Here, the researchers have found various ancient and modern methods by applying qualitative documentary research method. The teaching styled of ancient times was mainly teacher-centered but now it has become student-centered. The ancient teaching style was like Sravana, Manana, Oral, Discussion etc. Nowadays, different teaching style can be observed in teaching and learning process for classroom management. Some example is like Lecture method, Question-Answer method, Project method, Problem method Heuristic method etc. Finally the researchers here presents a box of the types of student-centered approaches that are currently being implemented in relation to a teacher-centered approach.
Investigation of Microclimatic Condition under Different Color of Net on Growth and Development of Bell Pepper in Prayagraj (U.P), India
Authors: Manhas Sonali , Nath Satyendra , Rathore Rohit
Published: July 2023

The field experiment was conducted at Nursery Farm, Department of Environmental Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj during the rabi season. The experiment was laid out in two factorial randomized block design, consisting of treatments i.e., four shade net viz., green, red, white, black including a controlled condition and three date of transplanting (15 Oct, 30 Oct and 15 Nov) replicated thrice. Measurement of growth and yield attributes such as plant height, number of leaves, leaf area index, dry matter, fruit weight and number of fruits obtained as well as heat units like GDD, HTU, PTU was done.  This study (2022-2023) was conducted to investigate the comparative effect of two environment (controlled field vs. shade net field) along with date of transplanting. The highest fruit number, fruit weight, marketable yield was obtained when the crop was grown under green shade net in second date of sowing October 30. The results indicated the importance of environmental factors and date of transplanting for yield optimization. The study showed that transplanting date had a significant effect on fruit number, fruit weight and marketable yield and results suggest that transplanting in the shade net at the optimal date can increase yield significantly. Thus, the use of green shade net not only protects plants from the excessive heat but also increase the metabolic process in the plants by maintain the optimum temperature from the outer environment.
Review on Yield Sensing Technologies for Horticultural crops
Authors: Lohare Jyoti , Nair Reena , Sharma S. K. , Pandey S. K.
Published: July 2023

The economic production capacity of a farm could be effectively ascertained with the aid of crop map. With the help of yield maps farmer could benefit by increasing the effective placement input management and better map their profitability. While this yield sensing technology is being used for field crops but very few examples are observed for horticultural crops. So, in spite of many conventional technologies new inventions have been done for sensing yields of horticultural crops. This paper presents different review for examining yields that can be bifurcated in Proximal and Space Borne Sensors Sensing System. It gives us a better prediction about the yield of different crops prior to harvest. For yield sensing two methods i.e. Proximal sensing and Space borne sensors sensing system has been discussed in this review paper for crops like Capsicum, Potato, Carrot, Tomato, Melon, Apple, Pear etc. This review also demonstrated the need for more solutions to be explored in future for yield sensing of different crops. Proximal and space borne sensing system based yield sensing technology has been studied in different countries like Chile, Turkey, India, China, USA, UK etc. and their results has been discussed.
Development of Exponential Linear Multistep Methods for the Solution of First-Order Ordinary Differential Equations
Authors: Iyorter B. V. , Aondoakaa M. S.
Published: July 2023

Several approaches have been applied by different researchers to produce linear multistep methods (LMMs) for the solution of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). In this paper, some LMMs have been developed via the collocation and interpolation technique using the exponential function as the basis function. The continuous and discrete forms of the methods have been evaluated and tested on some first-order ordinary differential equations. Results are presented in terms of maximum absolute errors and have shown that the proposed methods produce more accurate approximations than the existing LMMs derived using some other polynomial functions. We therefore recommend that the proposed methods should be tested on ODEs of second and higher orders.
Possitivity Rate of Sputum Cytology Compared to Bronchoscopy and Transthoracic Needle Aspiration in Lung Cancer Patients at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Indonesia
Authors: Noor Fared Rofiansyah , Iskandar Harun , Ilyas Muhammad , Santoso Arif , Arief Erwin , Lihawa Nurjannah , Natsir Bulkis
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Sputum cytology is the only non-invasive method which can detect early lung malignancies. The principle of it is a finding of cells shed from the lesion, either spontaneously or artificially.

Aim: This study purposed to evaluate the positivity rate of sputum cytology compared to bronchoscopy or transthoracic needle aspiration (TTNA) in lung cancer patients.

Place and Duration of Study: A prospective cross-sectional study used medical record data using SIRS from 2022 until completed or reached the desired number of samples at Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Makassar.

Methodology: Patients diagnosed with lung cancers, done a sputum cytology, and bronchoscopy/ TTNA were included. The patients had consented to be included in the study and the study had passed the ethical clearance from Hasanuddin Medical University Ethical Research Committee.

Results: Of111 patients with lung cancer, which 46 patients (41,4%) were adenocarcinoma and the other 65 patients (58,6%) were squamous cell carcinoma. Patients with positive sputum cytology were 5 (4,5%), with tumor sizes ≥3cm were 107 patients (86%), and with a hemoptysis history was 59 patients (53,2%). The relationship between sputum cytology and histopathology, tumor size, and hemoptysis history were not significant (each p value >0.05). However, there was a relationship between sputum cytology and tumor location with a significant relationship between the two (p-value = 0.002).

Conclusion: Sputum cytology is not recommended for diagnosing lung cancer due to low positivity rate, but the prediction rate is high which most likely is central squamous cell carcinoma.
Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Diagnosis
Authors: Kulkarni Prathit A. , Singh Hardeep
Published: July 2023

This Viewpoint examines various aspects of using generative artificial intelligence (AI) in health care, including assisting with making clinical diagnoses, and the challenges that come with using AI, such as ensuring the accuracy of the clinical data on which AI makes its diagnoses.
Psychiatric Boarding Patterns Among Publicly Insured Youths Evaluated by Mobile Crisis Teams Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Herrera Carolina-Nicole , Oblath Rachel , Duncan Alison
Published: July 2023

Importance

Psychiatric boarding occurs when patients needing intensive psychiatric services who are already under clinical supervision experience delays in their admission to psychiatric facilities. Initial reports have suggested that the US had a psychiatric boarding crisis during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, little is known about the consequences of this crisis for publicly insured youths.

Objective

To estimate pandemic-associated changes in psychiatric boarding rates and discharge modalities for people aged 4 to 20 years who accessed psychiatric emergency services (PES) through a mobile crisis team (MCT) evaluation and were covered by Medicaid or health safety net programs.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cross-sectional study used data from the MCT encounters of a multichannel PES program in Massachusetts. A total of 7625 MCT-initiated PES encounters with publicly insured youths who lived in Massachusetts between January 1, 2018, and August 31, 2021, were assessed.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Encounter-level outcomes (psychiatric boarding status, repeat visits, and discharge disposition) during a prepandemic period (January 1, 2018, to March 9, 2020) were compared with outcomes during a pandemic period (March 10, 2020, to August 31, 2021). Descriptive statistics and multivariate regression analysis were used.

Results

Among 7625 MCT-initiated PES encounters, the mean (SD) age of publicly insured youths was 13.6 (3.7) years; most youths identified as male (3656 [47.9%]), were of Black race (2725 [35.7%]) or Hispanic ethnicity (2708 [35.5%]), and spoke English (6941 [91.0%]). During the pandemic period, the mean monthly boarding encounter rate was 25.3 percentage points higher than the prepandemic period. After adjustment for covariates, the odds of an encounter resulting in boarding doubled during the pandemic (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 2.03; 95% CI, 1.82-2.26; P < .001), and boarding youths were 64% less likely to be discharged to inpatient psychiatric care (AOR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.31-0.43; P < .001). Publicly insured youths who boarded during the pandemic had significantly higher rates of 30-day readmissions (incidence rate ratio, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.88-2.50; P < .001). Boarding encounters during the pandemic were significantly less likely to end in discharge to inpatient psychiatric units (AOR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.31-0.43; P < .001) or community-based acute treatment facilities (AOR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.55-0.90; P = .005).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study, publicly insured youths were more likely to experience psychiatric boarding during the COVID-19 pandemic and, if boarding, were less likely to transfer to a 24-hour level of care. These findings suggest that psychiatric service programs for youths were not prepared to support the levels of acuity and demand that emerged from the pandemic.
Cancer Care to Ukrainian War Refugees in Poland
Authors: Klek Stanislaw , Chrobak-Kasprzyk Katarzyna , Machnicka Klaudia , Kret Kamila , Litewka Aleksandra , Kantor Nicole , Rys Janusz
Published: July 2023

This cohort study evaluates cancer care provided to Ukrainian war refugees in Poland.
Size Threshold Surveillance—A Revised Approach to Wait-and-Scan for Vestibular Schwannoma
Authors: Marinelli John P. , Link Michael J. , Carlson Matthew L.
Published: July 2023

This Viewpoint discusses how recent discoveries surrounding the natural history of sporadic vestibular schwannoma provide data to support a shift in current management paradigms.
Chrono‐Gerontology: Integrating Circadian Rhythms and Aging in Stroke Research
Authors: Kara Nirit , Iweka Chinyere Agbaegbu , Blacher Eran
Published: July 2023

Stroke is a significant public health concern for elderly individuals. However, the majority of pre‐clinical studies utilize young and healthy rodents, which may result in failure of candidate therapies in clinical trials. In this brief review/perspective, the complex link between circadian rhythms, aging, innate immunity, and the gut microbiome to ischemic injury onset, progression, and recovery is discussed. Short‐chain fatty acids and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+ (NAD+) production by the gut microbiome are highlighted as key mechanisms with profound rhythmic behavior, and it is suggested to boost them as prophylactic/therapeutic approaches. Integrating aging, its associated comorbidities, and circadian regulation of physiological processes into stroke research may increase the translational value of pre‐clinical studies and help to schedule the optimal time window for existing practices to improve stroke outcome and recovery.
Interfacial Proton Supply/Filtration Regulates the Dynamics of Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction Reaction: A Perspective
Authors: Cheng Yu , Xu Xinnan , Wang Mengfan , Deng Chengwei , Sun Yi , Yan Chenglin , Qian Tao
Published: July 2023

As a promising energy carrier, ammonia synthesis by electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR) is a promising green and low‐carbon ammonia synthesis strategy that can replace the traditional Haber–Bosch process. However, the development of eNRR processes is mainly severely constrained by competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and the corresponding strategies to inhibit this adverse side reaction to obtain high eNRR selectivity are still limited. In addition, for this complex reaction involving gas–liquid–solid three‐phase interface and proton/electron transfer, it is great significance to analyze and summarize the existing inhibition HER strategies from the viewpoint of dynamics. In view of this, this work reviews proton supply/filtration regulation strategy in catalytic system, allowing a systematic survey of the literature focusing on interface membrane regulation (inorganic membrane and organic membrane), electrolyte regulation (metal‐mediated strategy and electrolyte ion regulation strategy) and system device design (electrode structure design and electrolytic cell device design). Constructive catalytic system design guidance is also suggested to inhibit hydrogen evolution and improve NH3 selectivity, aiming for scalable and economically feasible applications.
Evidence for Glass–glass Interfaces in a Columnar Cu–Zr Nanoglass
Authors: Voigt Hendrik , Rigoni Aaron , Boltynjuk Evgeniy , Chellali Mohammed Reda , Tyler Bonnie , Rösner Harald , Divinski Sergiy , Hahn Horst , Wilde Gerhard
Published: July 2023

Comprehensive analyses of the atomic structure using advanced analytical transmission electron microscopy‐based methods combined with atom probe tomography confirm the presence of distinct glass–glass interfaces in a columnar Cu‐Zr nanoglass synthesized by magnetron sputtering. These analyses provide first‐time in‐depth characterization of sputtered film nanoglasses and indicate that glass–glass interfaces indeed present an amorphous phase with reduced mass density as compared to the neighboring amorphous regions. Moreover, dedicated analyses of the diffusion kinetics by time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF SIMS) prove significantly enhanced diffusivity, suggesting fast transport along the low density glass–glass interfaces. The present results further indicate that sputter deposition is a feasible technique for reliable production of nanoglasses and that some of the concepts proposed for this new class of glassy materials are applicable.
Internal Light Sources‐Mediated Photodynamic Therapy Nanoplatforms: Hope for the Resolution of the Traditional Penetration Problem
Authors: An Yibo , Xu Dazhuang , Wen Xiaofei , Chen Chuan , Liu Gang , Lu Zhixiang
Published: July 2023

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an alternative cancer treatment technique with a noninvasive nature, high selectivity, and minimal adverse effects. The indispensable light source used in PDT is a critical factor in determining the energy conversion of photosensitizers (PSs). Traditional light sources are primarily concentrated in the visible light region, severely limiting their penetration depth and making them prone to scattering and absorption when applied to biological tissues. For that reason, its efficacy in treating deep‐seated lesions is often inadequate. Self‐exciting PDT, also known as auto‐PDT (APDT), is an attractive option for circumventing the limited penetration depth of traditional PDT and has acquired significant attention. APDT employs depth‐independent internal light sources to excite PSs through resonance or radiative energy transfer. APDT has considerable potential for treating deep‐tissue malignancies. To facilitate many researchers' comprehension of the latest research progress in this field and inspire the emergence of more novel research results. This review introduces internal light generation mechanisms and characteristics and provides an overview of current research progress based on the recently reported APDT nanoplatforms. The current challenges and possible solutions of APDT nanoplatforms are also presented and provide insights for future research in the final section of this article.
The Age of Quantum Materials
Authors: Glavin Nicholas R. , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Kar Swastik
Published: July 2023

N. R. Glavin,* P. M. Ajayan,* S. Kar*
A Nanoconfined Water–Ion Coordination Network for Flexible Energy‐Dissipation Devices
Authors: Gao Yuan , Li Mingzhe , Zhan Chi , Zhang Haozhe , Yin Mengtian , Lu Weiyi , Xu Baoxing
Published: July 2023

Water–ion interaction in a nanoconfined environment that deeply constrains spatial freedoms of local atomistic motion with unconventional coupling mechanisms beyond that in a free, bulk state is essential to spark designs of a broad spectrum of nanofluidic devices with unique properties and functionalities. Here, it is reported that the interaction between ions and water molecules in a hydrophobic nanopore forms a coordination network with an interaction density that is nearly fourfold that of the bulk counterpart. Such strong interaction facilitates the connectivity of the water–ion network and is uncovered by corroborating the formation of ion clusters and the reduction of particle dynamics. A liquid‐nanopore energy‐dissipation system is designed and demonstrated in both molecular simulations and experiments that the formed coordination network controls the outflow of confined electrolytes along with a pressure reduction, capable of providing flexible protection for personnel and devices and instrumentations against external mechanical impact and attack.
High‐Sensitivity RFID Sensor for Structural Health Monitoring
Authors: Nesser Hussein , Mahmoud Hassan A. , Lubineau Gilles
Published: July 2023

Structural health monitoring (SHM) is crucial for ensuring operational safety in applications like pipelines, tanks, aircraft, ships, and vehicles. Traditional embedded sensors have limitations due to expense and potential structural damage. A novel technology using radio frequency identification devices (RFID) offers wireless transmission of highly sensitive strain measurement data. The system features a thin, flexible sensor based on an inductance‐capacitance (LC) circuit with a parallel‐plate capacitance sensing unit. By incorporating tailored cracks in the capacitor electrodes, the sensor’s capacitor electrodes become highly piezoresistive, modifying electromagnetic wave penetration. This unconventional change in capacitance shifts the resonance frequency, resulting in a wireless strain sensor with a gauge factor of 50 for strains under 1%. The frequency shift is passively detected through an external readout system using simple frequency sweeping. This wire‐free, power‐free design allows easy integration into composites without compromising structural integrity. Experimental results demonstrate the cracked wireless strain sensor's ability to detect small strains within composites. This technology offers a cost‐effective, non‐destructive solution for accurate structural health monitoring.
Recent Advances in Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly (PISA) Syntheses in Non‐Polar Media
Authors: György Csilla , Armes Steven P.
Published: July 2023

It is well‐known that polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA) is a powerful and highly versatile technique for the rational synthesis of colloidal dispersions of diblock copolymer nanoparticles, including spheres, worms or vesicles. PISA can be conducted in water, polar solvents or non‐polar media. In principle, the latter formulations offer a wide range of potential commercial applications. However, there has been just one review focused on PISA syntheses in non‐polar media and this prior article was published in 2016. The purpose of the current review article is to summarize the various advances that have been reported since then. In particular, PISA syntheses conducted using reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) polymerization in various n‐alkanes, poly(α‐olefins), mineral oil, low‐viscosity silicone oils or supercritical CO2 are discussed in detail. Selected formulations exhibit thermally induced worm‐to‐sphere or vesicle‐to‐worm morphological transitions and the rheological properties of various examples of worm gels in non‐polar media are summarized. Finally, visible absorption spectroscopy and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) enable in situ monitoring of nanoparticle formation, while small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS) can be used to examine micelle fusion/fission and chain exchange mechanisms.
Construction of an Oxidative Cleavage‐Activated DNAzyme Biosensor for Rapid Detection and Cellular Imaging of the Myeloperoxidase Activity
Authors: Liu Ming‐Hao , Zhao Ning‐Ning , Yu Wan‐Tong , Zhang Jin‐Zhi , Wang Zi‐Yue , Zhang Chun‐Yang
Published: July 2023

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a mammalian pro‐oxidant protease and it is closely related to severe infections and diverse inflammatory diseases. Rapid and sensitive measurement of MPO activity is essential for anticancer drug discovery and inflammatory research. Herein, we demonstrate the construction of an oxidative cleavage‐activated deoxyribozymes (DNAzyme) biosensor for rapid detection and cellular imaging of the MPO activity. When target MPO is present, the phosphorothioate (PS)‐modified hairpin probe is site‐specifically cleaved by MPO, releasing the intact Mg2+‐dependent DNAzyme sequences. Subsequently, the activated DNAzyme initiates the cyclic cleavage of the signal probe with the assistance of cofactor Mg2+, liberating large numbers of Cy5 molecules. This assay possesses the characteristics of easy operation, low sample consumption, without the requirements of expensive radiolabeling, antibodies, and nanomaterials. Especially, this assay can be performed in one pot under isothermal conditions (37°C) within 60 min. Due to the high efficiency of DNAzyme‐based cyclic cleavage reaction and the intrinsic advantages of single‐molecule detection, this assay achieves high sensitivity with a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.74×10−3 ng μL−1. It can be applied to screen MPO inhibitors, measure cellular MPO activity at the single‐cell level, and image intracellular MPO in living cells, providing a powerful platform for early clinical diagnosis and drug discovery.
Novel admissibility and robust stabilization conditions for fractional‐order singular systems with polytopic uncertainties
Authors: Zhang Qing‐Hao , Lu Jun‐Guo
Published: July 2023

This paper considers the issues of the admissibility and robust stabilization of fractional‐order singular systems with polytopic uncertainties and fractional‐order
and
. Firstly, the novel admissibility conditions for nominal fractional‐order singular systems are proposed with no conservatism and without any equalities or nonstrict inequalities. Secondly, the robust admissibility conditions for fractional‐order singular systems with polytopic uncertainties are given based on the admissibility conditions for nominal fractional‐order singular systems. Thirdly, to make the uncertain fractional‐order singular systems robustly admissible, the methods of designing the static output feedback controllers are obtained with wider application scope, which are direct, concise, and more relaxed compared with the existing results. All the results are proposed in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, three illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the results.