bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apontamentos sobre Cooperação entre Brasil – Angola no que se Refere à Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional
Authors: Rocha Andréa Pires , Santos José Francisco dos
Published: June 2016

O presente artigo problematiza a questão do combate a fome no Brasil e em Angola, abordando aspectos da cooperação entre os dois países no que se refere a garantia do Direito Humano a Alimentação Adequada (DHAA) e da Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN). Realizamos uma pesquisa documental em relatórios de organizações e agências internacionais como também em acordos oficiais presentes no site do Itamaraty. A discussão está dividida em quatro partes, as quais envolvem o resgate histórico acerca da relação Brasil – Angola no sentido político e econômico; fenômeno da insegurança alimentar nos dois países; a vinculação direta entre a opção por um modelo agrícola e a garantia da SAN; apresentação de iniciativas concretas de cooperação entre Brasil e Angola. Denunciamos enfim o problema da persistência do fenômeno da fome e a necessidade urgente do entendimento do direito a alimentação como um direito humano.Palavras chave: Brasil; Angola; Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional; Direito Humano a Alimentação Adequada; cooperação internacional.
Autopercepción de la ansiedad en alumnos de Grado de Educación Infantil y Primaria ante situaciones de examen
Authors: Romero Isabel María Merchán , Hermosell Juan de Dios González , Parra Guadalupe Martín-Mora
Published: June 2016

Este estudio forma parte de una investigación más amplia cuya finalidad es analizar la influencia de la competencia emocional en el clima social de un aula y en el rendimiento académico de los alumnos. La ansiedad es uno de los factores que inciden negativamente en el rendimiento y los resultados obtenidos por estudiantes en situaciones de examen. El presente estudio pretende conocer la Autopercepción de Ansiedad en universitarios. Para ello se ha tomado como población a alumnos del Grado de Maestros de la Universidad de Extremadura durante el curso 2013-2014, seleccionando una muestra de 114 estudiantes de entre 18 y 20 años...Palabras clave: Ansiedad; Alumnos; Universidad; Exámenes.
Mata Atlântica e a História Colonial
Authors: Espindola Haruf Salmen
Published: June 2016

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A Construção da Lepra em Goiás: Contágio e isolamento (1890-1943)
Authors: Silva Leicy Francisca da
Published: June 2016

Nesse artigo, apresentamos uma análise do processo de construção da lepra em Goiás a partir da observação dos enunciados dos envolvidos na elaboração das políticas sanitárias goianas, no período compreendido entre 1890 e 1943. Esse recorte temporal deve-se ao fato de pensarmos a constituição localmente de um discurso construtor da enfermidade anterior à elaboração do chamado tripé institucional de controle da moléstia. Nesse período, são elaborados argumentos justificando a necessidade de isolamento dos atingidos para a proteção dos sãos. Tais assertivas relevavam a necessidade do tripé institucional formado pelo leprosário (para o isolamento dos enfermos), o preventório (para afastamento e assistência dos filhos de doentes isolados) e os dispensários (responsáveis pelo acompanhamento dos que tinham tido contato próximo com doentes, os chamados comunicantes). O problema central que direciona a pesquisa é pensar qual o papel central dos estabelecimentos criados anteriormente ao tripé de ataque à lepra na definição das políticas de assistência aos doentes no estado? Como os discursos produzidos concomitantemente com a constituição desses estabelecimentos foram competentes para a transformação da enfermidade relacionando-a diretamente ao risco do contágio e à necessidade do isolamento dos doentes?Palavras chave: História; Saúde e Doença; Goiás; Lepra/Hanseníase.
Identificação de novos fármacos contra a doença de Chagas através de estratégia de genômica e bioinformática
Authors: Rodrigues Juliana , Alves Nayara Rodrigues , Silva Fernanda Galdino da , Cravo Pedro Vitor Lemos
Published: June 2016

A doença de Chagas, causada peloTrypanosoma cruzi, acarreta elevada mortalidade e morbilidade em regiões tropicais e subtropicais. Na ausência de uma vacina eficaz, o seu controle é dependente do tratamento de pacientes.Entretanto, apenas dois fármacos, benzinidazole e nifurtimox, são oficialmente utilizados. Contudo, estes são incapazes de gerar cura e apresentam elevada toxicidade. Neste sentido, o trabalhoteve como objetivo identificar novas terapias contra a doença de Chagas, fazendo-se uso de uma aproximação bioinformática. Foi primariamente utilizada a base de dados do genoma doT.cruzi para selecionar potenciais alvos terapêuticos envolvidos em mecanismos de transporte intracelular. Depois cada um dos alvos terapêuticos selecionados foi introduzido em duas bases de dados que permitiram identificarfármacos baseando-se no critério de homologia com proteínas de outras espécies paraas quais já existem drogas eficazes. Este processo permitiu identificar dez novas drogas com o potencial de eliminar ou inibir o crescimento do parasita.Palavras chave: Chagas; Trypanosoma cruzi; Fármacos; Genômica; Bioinformática.
Colonização, Saúde e Religião: A medicina pioneira e o poder simbólico da moral social na Colônia Agrícola Nacional de Goiás - CANG (1941-1959)
Authors: Silva Sandro Dutra e , Carvalho Heliel Gomes de , Silva Carlos Hassel Mendes da
Published: June 2016

Esse artigo procura identificar a prática médica protestante e sua influência na constituição do espaço social na Colônia Agrícola Nacional de Goiás (CANG), criada pelo governo federal em 1941. No final da década de 1930 no Brasil, o governo federal instaurou uma política de colonização do interior do país no movimento conhecido como “Marcha para o Oeste”. Essa política visava favorecer a migração interna e a ocupação territorial de áreas de baixa densidade populacional no Brasil. As políticas médicas adotadas na CANG tiveram como elemento característico a predominância de médicos protestantes, cujo suporte inicial foi dado pelo médico missionário inglês James Fanstone, diretor do Hospital Evangélico Goiano em Anápolis. Assim, além do enfoque biográfico dos médicos pioneiros, esse trabalho tem por objetivo identificar a influência da “medicina pioneira”, não apenas na prática médica, mas também na constituição simbólica da CANG. Para tanto, a base documental privilegiará os relatórios, relatos memorialistas, entrevistas e outros registros documentais que permitam identificar as formas de combate às doenças tropicais no sertão goiano na primeira metade do século XX, e o papel do saber médico como capital social na construção do poder simbólico da CANG. Nossa intenção é apresentar a relação entre migração, colonização e as práticas médicas no Oeste do Brasil, tendo como elemento articulador a história da saúde e a medicina tropical.Palavras chave: Migração; Colonização; Poder Simbólico; Goiás; História da Saúde.
A Outra Face da Migração Feminina: os filhos que ficam
Authors: Schuler Flávia De Maria Gomes , Dias Cristina Maria de Souza Brito
Published: June 2016

O fenômeno da migração tem aumentado em todo o mundo, destacando-se o protagonismo das mulheres num terreno que, tradicionalmente, era percorrido pelos homens. No Brasil, esse fenômeno também é uma realidade. Objetivo geral deste artigo foi compreender as repercussões da migração da mãe, para o exterior, na vida dos filhos que ficaram. Foram investigados: o impacto sentido pelos filhos, a partir da migração da mãe; o desenvolvimento deles nos aspectos social, emocional/afetivo e escolar; as estratégias de convivência estabelecidas na nova realidade e as expectativas para o futuro. Foram entrevistados sete adolescentes, de ambos os sexos, na faixa etária entre 13 e 18 anos, filhos de mulheres que migraram. Os resultados indicam que os filhos sentiram fortemente o impacto da migração de sua mãe. O desenvolvimento deles foi alterado, podendo-se perceber sentimentos negativos. Em relação às expectativas para o futuro a maioria deles deseja formar uma família tradicional.Palavras chave: Migração Feminina; Filhos; Mães; Relacionamento.
O Paraíso em Goiás: pioneirismo místico na Chapada dos Veadeiros
Authors: Afiune Pepita De Souza , Oliveira Eliézer Cardoso de
Published: June 2016

A Chapada dos Veadeiros, em sua vertente situada no município de Alto Paraíso de Goiás, possui várias atrações turísticas, tais como a “aura mística” que perpassa a sua localização, a exuberante natureza e a presença dos cristais de quartzo. Busca-se compreender, nesse sentido, de que forma o município recebeu seus primeiros núcleos populacionais, até a atração dos grupos denominados místicos ou esotéricos, fenômeno característico da pós-modernidade, período marcado pela pluralização e desinstitucionalização da religiosidade. A metodologia utilizada baseia-se em diálogos com teóricos que tratam do “reencantamento do mundo”, na análise histórica das pioneiras ocupações do território de Alto Paraíso e da chegada dos grupos esotéricos após a construção de Brasília.Palavras chave: Alto Paraíso; Esoterismo; Reencantamento do Mundo; Pós-modernidade.
Estudo do Perfil Oxidativo de Feijões Transgênicos por meio da RMN HR-MAS
Authors: Lemes Erick De Oliveira , Choze Rafael , Silva Joel Rocha da , Vargem Daiana Da Silva
Published: June 2016

No Brasil, o feijão é uma das leguminosas alimentares mais importantes, sendo considerada a principal fonte de proteínas das populações de baixa renda. Uma das principais doenças que atingem os feijoeiros é mosaico dourado, transmitido pela mosca branca, pelo vírus BGMV (Bean Golden Mosaic Virus). Deste modo, a EMBRAPA Arroz e Feijão desenvolveu um genótipo resistente ao BGMV, denominado Olathe 5.1. Outras duas linhagens geneticamente modificadas foram produzidas (Tesouro 5.1 e Marfim 5.1). Os espectros de RMN de 1H HR-MAS conduziram às estruturas dos flavonóides quercetina e miricetina, presentes em maior concentração no feijão geneticamente modificado. Deste modo foi realizado um estudo do perfil oxidativo destes cultivares, onde o flavonóide miricetina sofreu uma variação em seu teor devido à exposição destes genótipos às condições físicas não controladas.Palavras chave: Flavonóides; HR-MAS; Quimiometria.
O Uso das Tecnologias e o Processo Ensino e Aprendizagem de Matemática no Ensino Médio no Estado de Goiás
Authors: Cunha Abadia De Lourdes da , Barbalho Maria Gonçalves da Silva
Published: June 2016

Este artigo apresenta o resultado parcial da pesquisa de mestrado intitulada “O uso das tecnologias e o processo ensino e aprendizagem de matemática no ensino médio estadual em Goiás - fatores humanos e sociais para a implantação” em desenvolvimento no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociedade, Tecnologia e Meio Ambiente, do Centro Universitário de Anápolis – UniEVANGÉLICA e tem como objetivo analisar a inclusão/ou não inclusão das tecnologias digitais no de processo ensino e aprendizagem de matemática na rede pública de educação do Estado de Goiás. Para tanto, foram selecionadas 5 (cinco) colégios nas cidades de Catalão, Goiânia, Jussara, Luziânia e Porangatu representativos das cinco mesorregiões do Estado. Os resultados iniciais revelam um quadro preocupante, apesar das exigências da sociedade no século XXI, no que se refere ao novo paradigma educacional através da inclusão das tecnologias digitais na educação.Palavras chave: Tecnologia; Ensino e Aprendizagem; Formação de Professor de Matemática e Infraestrutura.
Criação, Cristãos e “Environmental Stewardship”
Authors: Gnanakan Ken
Published: June 2016

This article is based on a theoretical discussion between religion and environmentalism. The text aims to present a debate between the principles of Christianity and the theoretical discussions that are fundamental to today’s environmentalist vision. It leads to a theological and culturalism argument with general concepts of the environmental movement, particularly in Western culture. The author appropriates the theological debate, with biblical texts of the Old and New Testament as a source, in order to present Biblical principles of respect for nature. Dialoguing with the concepts used in environmental movements and anthropocentrism biocentrism, this paper seeks to support Christian principles of stewardship as a theocentric environmental proposal of the relationship between humans and nature.Keywords: Religion; Environmentalism; Stewardship; Environmental Theology.
Os Usos dos Recursos Naturais pelos Indígenas Pankará na Serra do Arapuá (Carnaubeira da Penha/PE)
Authors: Oliveira Edivania Granja da Silva , Silva Edson Hely
Published: June 2016

Neste artigo abordamos os indígenas Pankará em suas relações socioambientais no Ambiente em que vivem, a Serra do Arapuá, um Brejo de Altitude, Bioma Caatinga, Sertão pernambucano, território físico e simbólico dos Pankará, numa perspectiva da História Ambiental e Indígena, dialogando também com outras áreas do conhecimento, como a Antropologia, a Geografia, a Biologia etc. Para tanto, nos apropriamos de concepções teóricas e metodológicas, particularmente da História Ambiental, por meio de pesquisas bibliográficas e das memórias indígenas, afim de buscar compreender os conhecimentos e as práticas daquele povo com o Ambiente natural e na afirmação da identidade Pankará.Palavras-chave: Povo Pankará; Ambiente; História.
Aplicação da Análise Geoestatística para Modelagem Espacial do Mercúrio e Matéria Orgânica em Solos Florestais na Amazônia Ocidental
Authors: Bernardi José Vicente Elias , Neira Marcos Paulo , Manzatto Angelo Gilberto , Holanda Igor Bruno Barbosa de , Almeida Ronaldo De , Bastos Wanderley Rodrigues , Dórea José Garrofe , Landim Paulo Milton Barbosa , Vieira Ludgero Cardoso Galli
Published: June 2016

O presente estudo foi realizado, na Amazônia Ocidental, em uma área situada no campus universitário da Universidade Federal de Rondônia em Porto Velho, Rondônia. Foram analisadas em amostras de solos as concentrações de mercúrio (Hg) e matéria orgânica (MO) em um trecho de floresta ombrófila aberta. A concentração média de Hg foi de 150 ± 28g.kg-1, enquanto que a concentração de MO foi da ordem de 21,87 ± 5,87%. O método utilizado para obtenção dos padrões de distribuição espacial das concentrações de Hg e MO foi a krigagem indicativa (KI), que demonstrou que a ocorrência de Hg obedece a padrões de distribuição controlada por fatores geológicos da região, rica em rochas graníticas, e pelos parâmetros morfológicos do solo, como textura argilosa, que apresenta alto grau de adsorção de elementos-traço. A distribuição da MO por sua vez, está relacionada pela grande quantidade de serrapilheira acumulada na superfície do solo, aliada à presença dos microorganismos, fungos e, pequenos invertebrados. A conversão deste material em húmus favorece o crescimento vegetacional e sua concentração elevada influencia na quantidade de elementos-traço no solo. O modelo variográfico ajustado demonstrou a dependência espacial, entre os teores de mercúrio contidos no solo da área estudada em relação à utilização pretérita da área. A determinação entre a MO e Hg foi da ordem de 0,173 e significativa (p=0,0001).Palavras chave: Geoestatística; Krigagem Indicativa; Matéria Orgânica; Amazônia Ocidental.
O Software webQDA no Apoio à Construção de Conhecimento: Um relato de experiência na pesquisa qualitativa
Authors: Chaves Maria Marta Nolasco , Mafra Melissa Dos Reis Pinto , Larocca Liliana Müller
Published: June 2016

Este artigo relata a experiência da utilização do software webQDA no apoio à construção de conhecimento na pesquisa qualitativa. A ferramenta possibilitou tanto a organização quanto na análise dos dados, permitindo aprofundar o percurso metodológico ancorado no referencial teórico da Teoria Práxica da Enfermagem em Saúde Coletiva (TIPESC) e na epidemiologia crítica. No processo, as entrevistas foram transcritas e inseridas no software e a categorização dos dados foi segundo a consistência e frequência dos fragmentos de textos, núcleos de sentido, o que permitiu evidenciar quatro categorias e dezesseis subcategorias nos resultados. Entende-se que com o software foi possível dirimir a subjetividade dos pesquisadores envolvidos no desenvolvimento do estudo e, a partir deste se pode elaborar os resultados e a análise dos dados com mais profundidade, o que se considera como um processo que qualificou o estudo.Palavras chave: Ferramentas de Software; Pesquisa Qualitativa; Enfermagem.
Green remediation of tailings from the mine using inorganic agents
Authors: Dosic Aleksandar , Tomasevic-Pilipovic Dragana , Gligoric Miladin , Dalmacija Bozo , Kerkez Djurdja , Slijepcevic Natasa , Spasojevic Jelena , Obrenovic Zoran
Published: June 2016

Increasing amounts of residues and waste materials coming from industrial activities in different processes have become an increasingly urgent problem for the future. The paper presents the problem of mine tailings generated in mine ?Sase? (Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina) with high metal content (Pb, Cu and Zn). Dumpsite of this tailing represents potential risk for water bodies in the vicinity of this location. Chosen treatment process was stabilization/solidification (S/S). Inorganic agents used in this study were fly ash and red mud that represent secondary industrial waste generated on locations relatively near the mine. Therefore, their application can be used as an example of a sustainable solution of regional environmental problem. Further investigations are related to the impact of various factors on metals leaching from mine tailings solidified/stabilized material using the above mentioned immobilization agents. The performance of the immobilizing procedures was examined using several leaching tests: ANS 16.1, TCLP, DIN, MWLP. The results indicated that all S/S samples can be considered as non-hazardous waste, as all leached metal concentrations met the set criteria. These results will further enable the modelling of metals behaviour during long-term leaching from treated mine tailing. The data are invaluable in terms of economically and environmentally sound management of mine tailing.
Stress relaxation properties of four orthodontic aligner materials: A 24-hour in vitro study
Authors: Lombardo Luca , Martines Elisa , Mazzanti Valentina , Arreghini Angela , Mollica Francesco , Siciliani Giuseppe
Published: June 2016

Objective: To investigate the stress release properties of four thermoplastic materials used to make orthodontic aligners when subjected to 24 consecutive hours of deflection.

Materials and Methods: Four types of aligner materials (two single and two double layered) were selected. After initial yield strength testing to characterize the materials, each sample was subjected to a constant load for 24 hours in a moist, temperature-regulated environment, and the stress release over time was measured. The test was performed three times on each type of material.

Results: All polymers analyzed released a significant amount of stress during the 24-hour period. Stress release was greater during the first 8 hours, reaching a plateau that generally remained constant. The single-layer materials, F22 Aligner polyurethane (Sweden & Martina, Due Carrare, Padova, Italy) and Duran polyethylene terephthalate glycol-modified (SCHEU, Iserlohn, Germany), exhibited the greatest values for both absolute stress and stress decay speed. The double-layer materials, Erkoloc-Pro (Erkodent, Pfalzgrafenweiler, Germany) and Durasoft (SCHEU), exhibited very constant stress release, but at absolute values up to four times lower than the single-layer samples tested.

Conclusions: Orthodontic aligner performance is strongly influenced by the material of their construction. Stress release, which may exceed 50% of the initial stress value in the early hours of wear, may cause significant changes in the behavior of the polymers at 24 hours from the application of orthodontic loads, which may influence programmed tooth movement.
Gastric Bypass Reduces Symptoms and Hormonal Responses in Hypoglycemia
Authors: Abrahamsson Niclas , Börjesson Joey Lau , Sundbom Magnus , Wiklund Urban , Karlsson F. Anders , Eriksson Jan W.
Published: June 2016

Gastric bypass (GBP) surgery, one of the most common bariatric procedures, induces weight loss and metabolic effects. The mechanisms are not fully understood, but reduced food intake and effects on gastrointestinal hormones are thought to contribute. We recently observed that GBP patients have lowered glucose levels and frequent asymptomatic hypoglycemic episodes. Here, we subjected patients before and after undergoing GBP surgery to hypoglycemia and examined symptoms and hormonal and autonomic nerve responses. Twelve obese patients without diabetes (8 women, mean age 43.1 years [SD 10.8] and BMI 40.6 kg/m2 [SD 3.1]) were examined before and 23 weeks (range 19–25) after GBP surgery with hyperinsulinemic-hypoglycemic clamp (stepwise to plasma glucose 2.7 mmol/L). The mean change in Edinburgh Hypoglycemia Score during clamp was attenuated from 10.7 (6.4) before surgery to 5.2 (4.9) after surgery. There were also marked postsurgery reductions in levels of glucagon, cortisol, and catecholamine and the sympathetic nerve responses to hypoglycemia. In addition, growth hormone displayed a delayed response but to a higher peak level. Levels of glucagon-like peptide 1 and gastric inhibitory polypeptide rose during hypoglycemia but rose less postsurgery compared with presurgery. Thus, GBP surgery causes a resetting of glucose homeostasis, which reduces symptoms and neurohormonal responses to hypoglycemia. Further studies should address the underlying mechanisms as well as their impact on the overall metabolic effects of GBP surgery.
Reversion of β-Cell Autoimmunity Changes Risk of Type 1 Diabetes: TEDDY Study
Authors: Vehik Kendra , Lynch Kristian F. , Schatz Desmond A. , Akolkar Beena , Hagopian William , Rewers Marian , She Jin-Xiong , Simell Olli , Toppari Jorma , Ziegler Anette-G. , Lernmark Åke , Bonifacio Ezio , Krischer Jeffrey P. ,   the TEDDY Study Group
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE

β-Cell autoantibodies are a feature of the preclinical phase of type 1 diabetes. Here, we asked how frequently they revert in a cohort of children at risk for type 1 diabetes and whether reversion has any effect on type 1 diabetes risk.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Children were up to 10 years of age and screened more than once for insulin autoantibody, GAD antibody, and insulinoma antigen-2 antibodies. Persistent autoantibody was defined as an autoantibody present on two or more consecutive visits and confirmed in two reference laboratories. Reversion was defined as two or more consecutive negative visits after persistence. Time-dependent Cox regression was used to examine how reversion modified the risk of development of multiple autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes.

RESULTS

Reversion was relatively frequent for autoantibodies to GAD65 (19%) and insulin (29%), but was largely restricted to children who had single autoantibodies (24%) and rare in children who had developed multiple autoantibodies (<1%). Most (85%) reversion of single autoantibodies occurred within 2 years of seroconversion. Reversion was associated with HLA genotype, age, and decreasing titer. Children who reverted from single autoantibodies to autoantibody negative had, from birth, a risk for type 1 diabetes of 0.14 per 100 person-years; children who never developed autoantibodies, 0.06 per 100 person-years; and, children who remained single-autoantibody positive, 1.8 per 100 person-years.

CONCLUSIONS

Type 1 diabetes risk remained high in children who had developed multiple β-cell autoantibodies even when individual autoantibodies reverted. We suggest that monitoring children with single autoantibodies for at least 1 year after seroconversion is beneficial for stratification of type 1 diabetes risk.
Effectiveness of Rehabilitation Interventions to Improve Gait Speed in Children With Cerebral Palsy: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Moreau Noelle G. , Bodkin Amy Winter , Bjornson Kristie , Hobbs Amy , Soileau Mallary , Lahasky Kay
Published: June 2016

Background

Children with cerebral palsy (CP) have decreased gait speeds, which can negatively affect their community participation and quality of life. However, evidence for effective rehabilitation interventions to improve gait speed remains unclear.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of interventions for improving gait speed in ambulatory children with CP.

Data Sources

MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, ERIC, and PEDro were searched from inception through April 2014.

Study Selection

The selected studies were randomized controlled trials or had experimental designs with a comparison group, included a physical therapy or rehabilitation intervention for children with CP, and reported gait speed as an outcome measure.

Data Extraction

Methodological quality was assessed by PEDro scores. Means, standard deviations, and change scores for gait speed were extracted. General study information and dosing parameters (frequency, duration, intensity, and volume) of the intervention were recorded.

Data Synthesis

Twenty-four studies were included. Three categories of interventions were identified: gait training (n=8), resistance training (n=9), and miscellaneous (n=7). Meta-analysis showed that gait training was effective in increasing gait speed, with a standardized effect size of 0.92 (95% confidence interval=0.19, 1.66; P=.01), whereas resistance training was shown to have a negligible effect (effect size=0.06; 95% confidence interval=−0.12, 0.25; P=.51). Effect sizes from negative to large were reported for studies in the miscellaneous category.

Limitations

Gait speed was the only outcome measure analyzed.

Conclusions

Gait training was the most effective intervention in improving gait speed for ambulatory children with CP. Strength training, even if properly dosed, was not shown to be effective in improving gait speed. Velocity training, electromyographic biofeedback training, and whole-body vibration were effective in improving gait speed in individual studies and warrant further investigation.
Sexual transmission of Zika virus in an entirely asymptomatic couple returning from a Zika epidemic area, France, April 2016
Authors: Fréour Thomas , Mirallié Sophie , Hubert Bruno , Splingart Carole , Barrière Paul , Maquart Marianne , Leparc-Goffart Isabelle
Published: June 2016

The current Zika virus outbreak and its potential severe health consequences, especially congenital fetal syndrome, have led to increased concern about sexual transmission, especially in pregnant women and women of reproductive age. Here we report a case of Zika virus sexual transmission, likely male-to-female, in a totally asymptomatic couple.
Les perturbations dans les relations d’interdépendance forte
Authors: Barbat Valérie , Bousquet François , Wilson Kevin John
Published: June 2016

L’objet de cet article est d’étudier des situations de perturbation majeures occasionnant un déséquilibre au sein des relations client-fournisseurs d’interdépendance forte, réputées stables. L’article s’intéresse plus particulièrement aux origines de ces perturbations. Trois perturbations critiques entre client et fournisseurs stratégiques de l’industrie aéronautique sont analysées. Elles mettent en évidence le rôle des parties prenantes dans l’apparition des perturbations, le renforcement de la relation client-fournisseur dans le nouvel équilibre postérieur à la perturbation et le rôle politique du supplier relationship manager.
Les modes de contrôle interactif des filiales internationales
Authors: Valax Marc , Rive Jérôme
Published: June 2016

Notre questionnement porte sur les principes fondateurs et l’adaptation du coopérativisme basque. Nous prenons pour référence le cadre théorique de Robert Simons. Les relations de pouvoir et les marges de manœuvre du système coopératif dans les filiales en Amérique latine se trouvent éloignées des valeurs fondatrices du groupe industriel basque. Cette logique ultralibérale s’avère plus proche d’un usage diagnostique que du coopérativisme selon un mode interactif. Le cas de Mondragon Corporation est analysé selon une logique monographique qualitative longitudinale.
Recherche en stratégie : un problème de granularité
Authors: Martinet Alain Charles
Published: June 2016

La complexité des situations stratégiques est reconnue par tous les décideurs. Elle appelle donc logiquement une pensée, des concepts et des outils aptes à embrasser cette complexité, dotés d’une granularité adéquate. Mais le courant dominant préfère continuer à établir des micro-relations de causalité simples – si A alors B –, souvent pointillistes et extraites des contextes. Ce faisant le corpus se détourne de sa raison d’être : produire des savoirs d’action, des heuristiques dotées d’une granularité adéquate, à même d’aider les décideurs à rendre intelligibles leurs situations stratégiques, au profit d’un scientisme de plus en plus éloigné des questions du moment. Pourtant la longue et robuste tradition de l’épistémologie pragmatiste, en Occident comme en Orient, offre un paradigme alternatif beaucoup plus en accord avec la raison d’être et les spécificités de la stratégie.
Effect of short-term ε-aminocaproic acid treatment on patients undergoing endovascular coil embolization following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Malekpour Mahdi , Kulwin Charles , Bohnstedt Bradley N. , Radmand Golnar , Sethia Rishabh , Mendenhall Stephen K. , Weyhenmeyer Jonathan , Hendricks Benjamin K. , Leipzig Thomas , Payner Troy D. , Shah Mitesh V. , Scott John , DeNardo Andrew , Sahlein Daniel , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A.
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE

Aneurysmal rebleeding before definitive obliteration of the aneurysm is a cause of mortality and morbidity. There are limited data on the role of short-term antifibrinolytic therapy among patients undergoing endovascular intervention.

METHODS

All consecutive patients receiving endovascular therapy for their ruptured saccular aneurysm at the authors' institution between 2000 and 2011 were included in this study. These patients underwent endovascular coiling of their aneurysm within 72 hours of admission. In patients receiving ε-aminocaproic acid (EACA), the EACA administration was continued until the time of the endovascular procedure. Complications and clinical outcomes of endovascular treatment after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) were compared between EACA-treated and untreated patients.

RESULTS

During the 12-year study period, 341 patients underwent endovascular coiling. Short-term EACA treatment was administered in 146 patients and was withheld in the other 195 patients. EACA treatment did not change the risk of preinterventional rebleeding in this study (OR 0.782, 95% CI 0.176–3.480; p = 0.747). Moreover, EACA treatment did not increase the rate of thromboembolic events. On the other hand, patients who received EACA treatment had a significantly longer duration of hospital stay compared with their counterparts who were not treated with EACA (median 19 days, interquartile range [IQR] 12.5–30 days vs median 14 days, IQR 10–23 days; p < 0.001). EACA treatment was associated with increased odds of shunt requirement (OR 2.047, 95% CI 1.043–4.018; p = 0.037) and decreased odds of developing cardiac complications (OR 0.138, 95% CI 0.031–0.604; p = 0.009) and respiratory insufficiency (OR 0.471, 95% CI 0.239–0.926; p = 0.029). Short-term EACA treatment did not affect the Glasgow Outcome Scale score at discharge, 6 months, or 1 year following discharge.

CONCLUSIONS

In this study, short-term EACA treatment in patients who suffered from aSAH and received endovascular aneurysm repair did not decrease the risk of preinterventional rebleeding or increase the risk of thrombotic events. EACA did not affect outcome. Randomized clinical trials are required to provide robust clinical recommendation on short-term use of EACA.
Is there an inherited anatomical conformation favoring aneurysmal formation of the anterior communicating artery?
Authors: Bourcier Romain , Lenoble Cédric , Guyomarch-Delasalle Béatrice , Daumas-Duport Benjamin , Papagiannaki Chrysanthi , Redon Richard , Desal Hubert
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE

The pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the formation of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) remain only partially elucidated. However, current evidence suggests a genetic component. The purpose of this study was to investigate the specific anatomical variations in the arterial complex that are associated with the presence of anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysms in the familial forms of IAs.

METHODS

This multicenter study investigated bifurcation IAs in patients who had a sporadic ACoA IA without a family history of IA (SACAA group), in patients who had an ACoA IA with a family history of IA (FACAA group), and in their healthy first-degree relatives (HFDRs). Through the use of MR angiography (MRA) reconstructions, the symmetry of the A1 segments and the angle between the A1 and A2 segments were analyzed on 3D models for each group. These measurements were then compared among the 3 groups.

RESULTS

Twenty-four patients with SACAA, 24 patients with FACAA, and 20 HFDRs were included in the study. Asymmetrical configuration of the A1 segments was more frequent in the FACAA group than in the HFDR group (p = 0.002). The aneurysm-side A1–A2 angle was lower in the FACAA group (p = 0.003) and SACAA group (p = 0.007) than in the HFDR group. On the contralateral side, there was no difference in A1–A2 angles between groups.

CONCLUSIONS

The anatomical shape of the ACoA complex seems to be similarly associated with the presence of ACoA IAs in both the FACAA and SACAA groups. This highlights the role played by hemodynamic constraints in aneurysm formation and questions the hypothesis of the hereditary character of these anatomical shapes.
Early venous thromboembolism chemoprophylaxis in combat-related penetrating brain injury
Authors: Meyer R. Michael , Larkin M. Benjamin , Szuflita Nicholas S. , Neal Chris J. , Tomlin Jeffrey M. , Armonda Rocco A. , Bailey Jeffrey A. , Bell Randy S.
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is independently associated with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Given the numerous studies of civilian closed-head injury, the Brain Trauma Foundation recommends venous thromboembolism chemoprophylaxis (VTC) after severe TBI. No studies have specifically examined this practice in penetrating brain injury (PBI). Therefore, the authors examined the safety and effectiveness of early VTC after PBI with respect to worsening intracranial hemorrhage and DVT or PE.

METHODS

The Kandahar Airfield neurosurgery service managed 908 consults between January 2010 and March 2013. Eighty of these were US active duty members with PBI, 13 of whom were excluded from analysis because they presented with frankly nonsurvivable CNS injury or they died during initial resuscitation. This is a retrospective analysis of the remaining 67 patients.

RESULTS

Thirty-two patients received early VTC and 35 did not. Mean time to the first dose was 24 hours. Fifty-two patients had blast-related PBI and 15 had gunshot wounds (GSWs) to the head. The incidence of worsened intracranial hemorrhage was 16% after early VTC and 17% when it was not given, with the relative risk approaching 1 (RR = 0.91). The incidence of DVT or PE was 12% after early VTC and 17% when it was not given (RR = 0.73), though this difference was not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS

Early VTC was safe with regard to the progression of intracranial hemorrhage in this cohort of combat-related PBI patients. Data in this study suggest that this intervention may have been effective for the prevention of DVT or PE but not statistically significantly so. More research is needed to clarify the safety and efficacy of this practice.
Children as Implied Readers in Poetry Picturebooks: The Adaptation of Adult Poetry for Young Readers
Authors: Neira-Piñeiro María del Rosario
Published: June 2016

This article analyses Spanish poetry picturebooks for children and young adult readers based on adult poetry. It argues that the main changes that occur in the adaptation process involve the paratexts and literary communication, while the pictures play a prominent role in the creation of the new implied reader. The illustrations transform the original poems in many ways: they can describe, represent the poetic voice, add a story, introduce visual imagery or guide interpretation among other things. Finally, the article examines the pedagogical implications of these picturebooks and argues that they are a good resource for literary education, as they make great literature more attractive and accessible for children and young adults.
Transformation and Education in GDR Youth Literature: A Script Theory Approach
Authors: Conacher Jean E.
Published: June 2016

Youth literature within the German Democratic Republic (GDR) officially enjoyed equal status with adult literature, with authors often writing for both audiences. Such parity of esteem pre-supposed that youth literature would also adopt the cultural–political frameworks designed to nurture the establishment of socialism on German soil. In their quest to forge a legitimate national literature capable of transforming the population, politicians and writers drew repeatedly upon the cultural heritage of Weimar classicism and the Bildungsroman, Humboldtian educational traditions and Soviet-inspired models of socialist realism. Adopting a script theory approach inspired by Jean Matter Mandler, this article explores how directive cultural policies lead to the emergence of multiple scripts which inform the nature and narrative of individual works. Three broad ideological scripts within GDR youth literature are identified which underpin four distinct narrative scripts employed by individual writers to support, challenge and ultimately subvert the primacy of the Bildungsroman genre. A close reading of works by Strittmatter, Pludra, Görlich, Tetzner and Saalmann reveals further how conceptual blending with classical and fairy-tale scripts is exploited to legitimise and at times mask critique of transformation and education inside and outside the classroom and to offer young protagonists a voice often denied their readers.
History as Politics: Contemporary Israeli Children's and Young Adults' Historical Fiction and the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict
Authors: Shikhmanter Rima
Published: June 2016

Historical fiction serves as a powerful source for the dissemination of historical images and the determination of collective memory. These roles are of particular significance in the context of severe political conflicts. In these cases historical fiction shapes the narrative of the conflict, explains its source and central events, and therefore forms the readers' political stances towards the conflict and its consequences.

This article examines the role contemporary Jewish Israeli historical fiction for young adults plays in presenting the Israeli–Palestinian conflict to young readers. It discusses two of the political perspectives this fiction addresses: the traditional hegemonic narrative and the left-wing narrative. Associated with the right-wing sector of Israeli politics, the former promotes the Zionist myth and seeks to justify the necessity and morality of its premises while ignoring and/or dismissing the legitimacy of the Palestinian narrative. The lack of a consensual Jewish historical narrative that does not negate the Palestinian narrative on the one hand, and the ongoing public delegitimisation of the left-wing on the other, forces historical-fiction authors to place their plots at a historical remove, locating them in other places and times.
On a Non-Symmetric Eigenvalue Problem Governing Interior Structural–Acoustic Vibrations
Authors: Voss Heinrich
Published: June 2016

Small amplitude vibrations of a structure completely filled with a fluid are considered. Describing the structure by displacements and the fluid by its pressure field, the free vibrations are governed by a non-self-adjoint eigenvalue problem. This survey reports on a framework for taking advantage of the structure of the non-symmetric eigenvalue problem allowing for a variational characterization of its eigenvalues. Structure-preserving iterative projection methods of the the Arnoldi and of the Jacobi–Davidson type and an automated multi-level sub-structuring method are reviewed. The reliability and efficiency of the methods are demonstrated by a numerical example.
The Spotting Distribution of Wildfires
Authors: Martin Jonathan , Hillen Thomas
Published: June 2016

In wildfire science, spotting refers to non-local creation of new fires, due to downwind ignition of brands launched from a primary fire. Spotting is often mentioned as being one of the most difficult problems for wildfire management, because of its unpredictable nature. Since spotting is a stochastic process, it makes sense to talk about a probability distribution for spotting, which we call the spotting distribution. Given a location ahead of the fire front, we would like to know how likely is it to observe a spot fire at that location in the next few minutes. The aim of this paper is to introduce a detailed procedure to find the spotting distribution. Most prior modelling has focused on the maximum spotting distance, or on physical subprocesses. We will use mathematical modelling, which is based on detailed physical processes, to derive a spotting distribution. We discuss the use and measurement of this spotting distribution in fire spread, fire management and fire breaching. The appendix of this paper contains a comprehensive review of the relevant underlying physical sub-processes of fire plumes, launching fire brands, wind transport, falling and terminal velocity, combustion during transport, and ignition upon landing.
The Feasibility of Modified Magnesia-Phosphate Cement as a Heat Resistant Adhesive for Strengthening Concrete with Carbon Sheets
Authors: Zhang Ailian , Gao Xiaojian
Published: June 2016

External bonding of carbon fiber sheets has become a popular technique for strengthening concrete structures all over the world. Epoxy adhesive, which is used to bond the carbon fiber sheets and concrete, deteriorates rapidly when being exposed to high temperatures. This paper presents a high-temperature-resistant modified magnesia-phosphate cement (MPC) with the compressive strength that does not decrease at the temperature of 600 °C. The bond properties of both the modified MPC and the epoxy adhesive between externally bonded carbon fiber sheets and concrete were evaluated by using a double-shear test method after exposure to elevating temperatures from 105 °C to 500 °C. The results showed that the bond strength of the modified MPC at room temperature (RT) is much higher than that of the epoxy resin. Full carbonation with almost 0 MPa was detected for the epoxy sample after the exposure to 300 °C, while only 40% reduction of bond strength was tested for the modified MPC sample. Although the modified MPC specimens failed through interlaminar slip of fiber strips instead of complete debonding, the MPC specimens performed higher bond strength than epoxy resin at ambient temperature, and retained much higher bond strength at elevated temperatures. It could be concluded that it is feasible to strengthen concrete structural members with externally bonded carbon fiber sheets using the modified MPC instead of epoxy adhesive. Furthermore, the use of the modified MPC as the binder between carbon fiber sheets and concrete can be less expensive and an ecologically friendly alternative.
Characterization of the Interannual Variability of Precipitation and Streamflow in Tensift and Ksob Basins (Morocco) and Links with the NAO
Authors: Zamrane Zineb , Turki Imen , Laignel Benoit , Mahé Gil , Laftouhi Nour-Eddine
Published: June 2016

The aim of this study is to understand the inter-annual hydrological variability (precipitation and streamflow) in the basins of the High Atlas in Morocco and to determine how climate fluctuations (represented by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) climate index) are expressed in the hydrological system. To reach this objective, time series of precipitation and streamflow are processed as standardized anomalies and studied by continuous wavelet analysis and wavelet coherence analysis, which are particularly suitable for the study of unsteady processes. Wet and dry periods vary from one basin to another between three and five years. The wavelet analysis shows the existence of many bands of energy in most of the sub-basins, from annual to inter-annual scales regarding the precipitation and streamflow time series. These bands correspond to intervals of one year, 2–4 years, 4–8 years and 8–12 years. The wavelet coherence analysis shows a strong coherence between NAO/streamflow and precipitation/NAO identified at the inter-annual scale. Non-stationarity can be observed in the late 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. The contribution of the NAO is different from one basin to another ranging between 67% and 77%.
Impact of Increased Astrocyte Expression of IL-6, CCL2 or CXCL10 in Transgenic Mice on Hippocampal Synaptic Function
Authors: Gruol Donna
Published: June 2016

An important aspect of CNS disease and injury is the elevated expression of neuroimmune factors. These factors are thought to contribute to processes ranging from recovery and repair to pathology. The complexity of the CNS and the multitude of neuroimmune factors that are expressed in the CNS during disease and injury is a challenge to an understanding of the consequences of the elevated expression relative to CNS function. One approach to address this issue is the use of transgenic mice that express elevated levels of a specific neuroimmune factor in the CNS by a cell type that normally produces it. This approach can provide basic information about the actions of specific neuroimmune factors and can contribute to an understanding of more complex conditions when multiple neuroimmune factors are expressed. This review summarizes studies using transgenic mice that express elevated levels of IL-6, CCL2 or CXCL10 through increased astrocyte expression. The studies focus on the effects of these neuroimmune factors on synaptic function at the Schaffer collateral to CA1 pyramidal neuron synapse of the hippocampus, a brain region that plays a key role in cognitive function.
Synthesis of Anchored Bimetallic Catalysts via Epitaxy
Authors: Liu Jiaxin , Qiao Botao , Song Yian , Huang Yudong , Liu Jingyue
Published: June 2016

The development of thermodynamically stable supported bimetallic catalysts for high-temperature reaction is significant and highly desirable but remains a grand challenge. In this work, we report a novel approach that relies on the interaction of metal nanoparticles with the support material to form unique bimetallic nanoparticles, which epitaxially anchor onto the support surface. Such unique nanostructured systems are catalytically active and ultrastable during selected catalytic reactions. In this paper, we describe the synthesis processes of ultrastable PtZn nanoparticles epitaxially anchored onto ZnO nanowires, which primarily consist of {10−10} nanoscale facets. Such anchored PtZn nanoparticles demonstrated good stability during high temperature treatments and selected catalytic reactions. The synthesis approach reported in this work provides a new strategy to develop thermodynamically stable supported bimetallic catalysts.