bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging with Intravenous Indocyanine Green Method in Segmentectomy for Infants with Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation
Authors: Huang Jin-Xi , Chen Qiang , Hong Song-ming , Hong Jun-Jie , Cao Hua
Published: November 2023

Background Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery is a commonly used procedure for treating congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) in infants, particularly when performing segmentectomy for segmental lesions. An innovative technique employing near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging with intravenous indocyanine green (ICG) has been utilized to delineate the intersegmental demarcation during surgery. However, no previous reports have investigated this method's application, specifically in infants. The primary aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of the NIRF imaging with ICG approach in this context.

Methods Between January 2021 and April 2022, a total of 19 consecutive segmentectomies were conducted using the NIRF imaging with ICG method to precisely identify the intersegmental plane. The results were concurrently compared with those obtained using the modified inflation–deflation technique. Comprehensive imaging and clinical data were gathered and analyzed to assess the safety and accuracy of the NIRF imaging with ICG approach.

Results The study involved infants with a median age of 5.12 months (mean body weight of 8.08 g). All segmentectomies were performed successfully without any ICG-related complications. The mean operating time for the surgeries was 88.47 ± 7.94 minutes. Notably, no intraoperative conversions or significant complications were observed in any of the patients. The average hospital stay after surgery was 4.0 ± 0.82 days. During the follow-up period, extending beyond 1-year of postoperation, all patients exhibited excellent recovery with no cases of recurrence.

Conclusions Based on our experience, the NIRF imaging with intravenous ICG method proved to be both safe and effective when performing segmentectomy for infants with CPAM. Low doses of ICG did not hinder the accurate identification of the intersegmental plane.
Race in IR: toward empirical study
Authors: Freeman Bianca
Published: November 2023

Errol Henderson writes “the banality of white supremacy, more than the democratic peace thesis, is probably ‘the closest thing to an empirical law in world politics.’” Such a view is likely shared by IR scholars that study race as kindred systems of hierarchy. By comparison, the collective field is now “noticing” its long silence on the subject. Renewed calls to mainstream race have come with an unsettling admission: the “norm against noticing” was not by mistake but an epistemic devotion to a set of intuitions that exclude the agency of a global majority. In our silence—inadvertent or otherwise—we forgo a more accurate account of outcomes where race is theoretically important or even banal as Henderson deciphers. What is made clear by his contribution is that we can and should change course. My response to Henderson seeks to reinforce the argument for a positivist approach to race in world politics—both its promises and challenges.
Performance and perception: machine translation post-editing in Chinese-English news translation by novice translators
Authors: Yang Yanxia , Liu Runze , Qian Xingmin , Ni Jiayue
Published: November 2023

Machine translation has become a popular option for news circulation, due to its speed, cost-effectiveness and improving quality. However, it still remains uncertain whether machine translation is effective in helping novice translators in news translation. To investigate the effectiveness of machine translation, this study conducted a Chinese-English news translation test to compare the performance and perception of translation learners in machine translation post-editing and manual translation. The findings suggest that it is challenging for machine translation to understand cultural and semantic nuances in the source language, and produce coherent structural translation in the target language. No significant quality difference was observed in post-editing and manual translation, though post-editing quality was found to be slightly better. Machine translation can help to reduce translation learners’ processing time and mental workload. Compared to manual translation, machine translation post-editing is considered as a preferred approach by translation learners in news translation. It is hoped that this study could cast light on the integration of machine translation into translator training programs.
Exploring the mechanisms of respiratory droplet generation during coughing
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: November 2023

Model simulates the oral cavity and respiratory tract, revealing where and when droplets are produced when coughing and providing information to help prevent the spread of respiratory diseases.
Ultrahigh spin filter efficiency and large spin Seebeck polarization of binuclear manganese phthalocyanine molecular junctions on nickel electrodes
Authors: Yin Shao-Chong , Yu Jing-Xin , Hou Zhi-Yu , Liu Xiu-Ying , Li Xiao-Dong
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we investigated the spin transport properties of binuclear manganese phthalocyanine (Mn2Pc2) spintronic devices sandwiched between two nickel electrodes using the non-equilibrium Green's function method in combination with density functional theory. Based on the calculation results, the Mn2Pc2 device exhibited excellent spin-filtering capabilities, demonstrating an exceptionally high spin filter efficiency (SFE). Irrespective of the parallel or antiparallel orientation of magnetization in the electrodes, we observed that when both manganese atoms were in a spin-up state, the SFE of spin-resolved currents under finite bias and the thermoelectric currents induced by temperature gradients at fixed temperatures were both close to 100%. The large spin Seebeck polarization of the Mn2Pc2 device was also obtained at low reference temperatures. This study explores the potential for developing multifunctional spintronic single-molecule devices using Ni−Mn2Pc2.
Pore-scale experimental investigation on the co-current spontaneous imbibition of gas–water two-phase with gravity force
Authors: Li Bingbing , Yan Zhenyang , Li Changyu , Ma Qipeng , Zhang Shasha , Wang Yungang
Published: November 2023

Gravity and capillary forces play pivotal roles in the natural capillary-driven spontaneous imbibition process. The opacity of the medium and the intricate pore structure make it challenging to elucidate the influence of gravity force on co-current gas–water imbibition. A series of pore-scale visualization experiments were conducted using capillary tubes of five different diameters (100, 300, 400, 500, and 1000 μm). The vector concept, represented by the interaction angle with the horizontal direction, was employed to quantify the varying levels of gravity force in the imbibition process, and its impact on imbibition recovery was assessed quantitatively. The findings revealed that the primary influence of gravity on gas–water spontaneous imbibition recovery was predominantly observed in the early stage. Due to the water blocking effect, the gas–water spontaneous imbibition process temporarily halted and resumed when the capillary diameter was 300 μm (at an angle of 60°). For capillary diameters between 100 and 500 μm, the water blocking effect induced a wave-like variation in gas–water spontaneous imbibition recovery as the interaction angle increased. Conversely, for a capillary diameter of 1000 μm, imbibition recovery exponentially decreased with the interaction angle, and no water blocking effect was observed. Consequently, the critical range of pore sizes for the water blocking effect in the gas–water spontaneous imbibition process was determined to be between 500 and 1000 μm. This research offers valuable theoretical insights into understanding capillary-driven flow phenomena in porous media.
Modulation of carrier conduction in CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots with band-aligned electron and hole acceptors
Authors: Panigrahi Aradhana , Kumar Ajay , Mishra Leepsa , Dubey Priyanka , Dutta Soumi , Parida Prakash , Sarangi Manas Kumar
Published: November 2023

The lead halide perovskites have emerged as promising materials with intriguing photo-physical properties and have immense potential for photovoltaic applications. A comprehensive study on the kinetics of charge carrier (electron/hole) generation and transfer across the interface is key to realizing their future scope for efficient device engineering. Herein, we investigate the interfacial charge transfer (CT) dynamics in cesium lead halide (CsPbBr3) perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) with energetically favorable electron acceptors, anthraquinone (AQ) and p-benzoquinone (BQ), and hole acceptors such as pyrene and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP). With various steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic and microscopic measurements, a faster electron transfer rate is estimated for CsPbBr3 PQDs with BQ compared to that of AQ, while a superior hole transfer for DMAP is divulged compared to pyrene. In concurrence with the spectroscopic measurements, conducting atomic force microscopic studies across the electrode-PQD-electrode junction reveals an increment in the conductance of the PQD in the presence of both the electron and hole acceptors. The variation of the density of states calculation in the presence of the hole acceptors offers strong support and validation for faster CT efficiency. The above findings suggest that a careful selection of simple yet efficient molecular arrangements can facilitate rapid carrier transfer, which can be designed as auxiliary layers for smooth CT and help in the engineering of cost-effective photovoltaic devices.
A low diffusion flux-split scheme for all Mach number flows
Authors: Gogoi A. , Mandal J. C.
Published: November 2023

A low diffusion version of the Harten–Lax–Leer convective pressure split (HLL-CPS) scheme for resolving the shear layers and the flow features at low Mach numbers is presented here. The low diffusion HLL-CPS scheme is obtained by reconstructing the velocities at the cell interface with the face normal Mach number and a pressure function. Asymptotic analysis of the modified scheme shows a correct scaling of the pressure at low Mach numbers and a significant reduction in numerical dissipation. The robustness of the HLL-CPS scheme for strong shock is improved by reducing the contribution of the contact wave in the vicinity of the shock. The improvement in robustness for strong shock is demonstrated analytically through linear perturbation and matrix stability analyses. A set of numerical test cases are solved to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed scheme over a wide range of Mach numbers.
How equivalent is equivalence in Arabic‑English legal translation?
Authors: Alaoui Ahmed
Published: November 2023

The objective of equivalence in translation is to assign equal meaning to legal terms in two
languages, keeping the same legal effect based on the legal interpretation of the source legal culture. However, this
ideal objective seems difficult to capture in Arabic-English legal translation because there are factors that mask key
conceptual incongruence involved therein. This paper outlines the major factors that blind legal translators to the
conceptual asymmetry between Islamic law and western law, namely historical shifts, functional approach and
equivalence, the practice in the translation industry (translators, localizers and machine translation), as well as
terminology resources (legal bilingual dictionaries). We will argue that a viable way to avoid masking conceptual
asymmetries is to provide translators with well-organized term bases.
Legal translator terminology training
Authors: Way Catherine
Published: November 2023

The field of Terminology has come a long way since the 80s when Translation Studies (TS) were
occupied with the debates about the concept of “equivalence” (Halverson
1997) and Terminology was introduced as an independent subject in many translation degrees. Our trainees,
then, enter their legal translation classes, often in the later stages of training, with prior training in research,
terminology and IT skills, bringing the baggage acquired in earlier translation courses. Rather than focussing on the
“what?”, we propose an approach that is focussed on the “how and why?” necessary to lay the foundations to acquire
legal terminology competence, with the tools to build towards expertise, needed to progress towards becoming
competent, expert legal translators.
Differential object marking in French
Authors: Binder Larissa , Stark Elisabeth
Published: November 2023

This study is dedicated to the question whether French
possesses (optional) DOM, i.e. direct object marking, which it answers in a
negative way. French is traditionally considered to lack a differential
marker for the direct object (cf. e.g. Körner, 1987). However, Fagard and Mardale (2014) claim in their large corpus study
(12–13 billion tokens) that differential object marking (DOM) is an optional
phenomenon in some non-standard varieties of French. Our data, stemming from
an acceptability study plus a corpus analysis, do not confirm these
findings, as native speakers show a wide range of negative responses in the
acceptability tests. As for potential non-standard French varieties more
prone to DOM, our data hint to a (very) weak regional effect (South-Western
France).
Syntactic and semantic constraints on differential object marking in Old
Sardinian
Authors: Cennamo Michela , Ciconte Francesco Maria , Andriani Luigi
Published: November 2023

This paper explores the differential marking of (human)
objects (DOM) in a corpus of old Sardinian texts from two different areas,
Logudoro and Arborea. We investigate the constraints on the marking of objects,
whether semantic, reflecting the Individuation Hierarchy
(Silverstein, 1976, p. 122),
syntactic, i.e., determined by verbal valency and/or
the syntactic position of the O argument in relation to the verb and in the
clause, or pragmatic, functioning as a marking device for
topics. The data investigated reveal the role played by the notion of
Individuation in the grammaticalization of the preposition
a(d) as a DOM marker, which appears to spread
progressively from the core to peripheral points along the hierarchy, namely
from human proper names, to human, kinship and then common nouns, initially
definite, subsequently indefinite. Already in 11th–13th century texts,
a(d) does not appear to have only/mainly an identificational function, differentiating the A and O arguments when they are both high on the Individuation hierarchy, but has become a marker of high Individuation, its use being sensitive to
the notions of definiteness and humanness.
The annotative dual-clause juxtaposition construction in Japanese
Authors: Hasegawa Yoko
Published: November 2023

This study introduces an enigmatic construction in Japanese called chūshakuteki nibun-renchi
‘annotative dual-clause juxtaposition’ (ADCJ), exemplified below:

Hiro

wa,

dare

ni

au

no

ka
,

resutoran

o

yoyakushita.

 

top

who

dat

meet

nmlz

int

restaurant

acc

reserved

Lit. ‘Hiro, (I wonder) who (he) will meet, reserved a restaurant.’

This construction is ubiquitous and yet little known even in Japanese linguistics circles. Because the matrix
predicate of ADCJ cannot semantically accommodate such a component as dare ni au no ka ‘who (he) will meet’
above, this paper argues that ADCJ is parenthetical, a construct that should be recognized as an essential element of verbal
communication and, in turn, a determining factor in how utterances are to be formed and interpreted. This construction is
dissimilar to any other type of parentheticals hitherto reported in the literature. What is so special about it is its merger of
portraying two situations through abduction and expressing the entire circumstance in a single communicative unit. For example, in
the above example, the parenthetical element explains why the speaker wishes to convey the matrix statement. From an interactional
perspective, the primary function of ADCJ is to highlight the speaker’s intellectual and communicative involvement in the depicted
scene. This style of communication, when compared with an ‘objective’ and apathetic description, is likely to induce more earnest
reactions from the hearer or reader and, consequently, promote a more favorable continuation of the conversation or reading. This
paper advocates a wide-ranging examination of thetical grammar (Kaltenböck
et al. 2011), for which detailed analyses of constructions such as ADCJ that traditional syntactic/semantic theories
cannot capture are indispensable.
Responses to polar questions in Polish
Authors: Weidner Matylda
Published: November 2023

Using data from naturally occuring Polish conversations this chapter demonstrates how speakers of Polish
answer polar questions. It offers a detailed conversation analytic examination of two response formats, particularly in their
unexpanded form: (i) particle responses, which are used for confirming the terms and the action agenda of the question and
which display the participants’ understanding of the status of the question as subsidiary to a larger course of action and
(ii) repetitional responses, which are understood to do more than simple confirmation (e.g., to fullfil requests). By
identifying the interactional circumstances for the choice of a particular format of a response, the chapter highlights the
importance of social action as key to building and understanding polar question-answer sequences in Polish.
Complexities of responding
Authors: Lee Seung-Hee
Published: November 2023

This paper examines three forms of confirming responses to pseudo-tag questions in Korean conversation:
unelaborated type-conforming responses with affirmative particles alone, elaborated responses with affirmative particles
followed by elaboration, and nonconforming responses. The respondent’s selection of a particular form of response represents a
solution to multiple contingencies involved in providing confirmation. When producing affirmative particles alone, respondents
do nothing more than confirming and treat the question as in need of a mere confirmation. In producing elaborated
type-conforming responses, respondents tend to avoid unwanted understandings that a simple yes particle can
bring. They may address the action implemented by the question, often in affiliation with the questioner. Nonconforming
responses tend to treat the question as problematic, proposing a problem with the legitimacy or relevance of the question.
Responding to polar questions without a polarity item ‘yes’ or ‘no’ in Finnish
Authors: Vepsäläinen Heidi , Sundqvist Anna , Sorjonen Marja-Leena , Hakulinen Auli
Published: November 2023

Polar questions and their responses have been a subject of increasing interest for conversation analysts.
This paper contributes to this research by studying answers to interrogatively formatted polar questions in Finnish that do
not contain a separate element for expressing positive or negative polarity. We will show that the answers are used for a
range of practices that form a continuum from cases where the polarity is implied to ones where the recipient, in their
response, leaves it to the questioner to evaluate the quality of the response. Moving beyond the polarity of the question,
these answers focus on what the recipient inferred to be the core relevance of the question, furthering the progressivity of
the interaction by sustaining the ongoing project.
Renewing a social action in US primary care
Authors: Robinson Jeffrey D. , Heritage John
Published: November 2023

We consider a specific polar-interrogative offer by physicians (e.g., Is there something/anything
else you’d like to address in the visit today?). We show that in one sequential context this interrogative
obligates the production of a yes-/no-type answer, receiving one over 80% of the time.
However, in a different sequential context, we show that the identical interrogative receives a yes-/no-type-
answer less than 20% of the time. In this latter context it renews a social action implemented by a prior
Wh-solicitation (e.g., What can I do for you?). We offer a characterization that makes our
finding broadly applicable to a variety of contexts, begins to account for some of Geoffrey Raymond’s non-type-conforming
cases, and hence refines his principle of type conformity. Our finding highlights the pervasive relevance of sequential
context for the production and understanding of talk.
Phase Transition Study Meets Machine Learning
Authors: Ma 马 Yu-Gang 余刚 , Pang 庞 Long-Gang 龙刚 , Wang 王 Rui 睿 , Zhou 周 Kai 凯
Published: November 2023

In recent years, machine learning (ML) techniques have emerged as powerful tools for studying many-body complex systems, and encompassing phase transitions in various domains of physics. This mini review provides a concise yet comprehensive examination of the advancements achieved in applying ML to investigate phase transitions, with a primary focus on those involved in nuclear matter studies.
Support condition identification of wind turbines based on a statistical time-domain damping parameter
Authors: Liu Yasen , Liang Jun , Wang Ying
Published: November 2023

Owing to the harsh environment, the support conditions of wind turbines inevitably degrade/change over their lifetime, however, the evolution mechanism is not yet well understood. Although the damping parameters are sensitive to structural support and connection conditions, they are difficult to measure and quantify, which is a challenging inverse problem. This study aims to develop an approach to obtain a statistical time-domain damping parameter (STDP) based on operational vibration signals, and to utilize the parameter to identify support conditions of wind turbines. The proposed approach transforms operational vibration signals to free vibration signals by using the random decrement technique and then performs nonparametric statistical analysis to quantify the statistically significant changes in the damping characteristics of a structure. The effectiveness of the STDP method is verified by two challenging cases of bolted connection damage and soil-structure interaction condition changes. The regression analysis demonstrates the ability of the STDP method for the identification of structural overall damping. In contrast with classic modal analysis methods, the proposed method provides a monotonic relationship between the STDP and support conditions, which is significant for structural condition identification.
Bio-inspired branch structure seismic metamaterial: attenuating low-frequency Rayleigh waves
Authors: Bai Yongtao , Li Xiaolei , Liao Yiwen
Published: November 2023

This study investigates the transmission characteristics of natural forests with branches and introduces a bio-inspired branch structure seismic metamaterial (SM) designed to create bandgaps for low-frequency Rayleigh waves. Employing the finite element method, we reveal the mechanism behind the generation of these Rayleigh wave bandgaps and their transmission properties. A distinct ‘collectivization mode’ within the bio-inspired branch structure SM is identified, effectively attenuating Rayleigh waves. A collectivization coefficient is introduced for quantitative characterization, and we extend the analysis to multi-layered soil mediums, demonstrating an interface with the metamaterial’s bandgaps. The frequency-domain analysis highlights the difference between using the collectivization mode and traditional methods for attenuating surface waves, offering a novel approach to low-frequency Rayleigh wave reduction with implications in seismology and related engineering fields.
Quantitative characterization of built-in potential profile across GaAs p–n junctions using Kelvin probe force microscopy with qPlus sensor AFM
Authors: Ishida Nobuyuki , Mano Takaaki
Published: November 2023

The electrostatic potential distribution in materials and devices plays an important role in controlling the behaviors of charge carriers. Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) is a powerful technique for measuring the surface potential at a high spatial resolution. However, the measured surface potential often deviates from the potential deep in the bulk owing to certain factors. Here, we performed KPFM measurements across the p–n junction, in which such factors were eliminated as much as possible by selecting the sample, force sensor, and measurement mode. The measured surface potential distribution agrees well with the line shape of the simulated bulk potential. Our results demonstrate that KPFM is capable of quantitatively characterizing potential distributions whose changes occur on the order of 10 nm.
Domain independent post-processing with graph U-nets: applications to electrical impedance tomographic imaging⋆
Authors: Herzberg William , Hauptmann Andreas , Hamilton Sarah J
Published: November 2023

Objective. To extend the highly successful U-Net Convolutional Neural Network architecture, which is limited to rectangular pixel/voxel domains, to a graph-based equivalent that works flexibly on irregular meshes; and demonstrate the effectiveness on electrical impedance tomography (EIT). Approach. By interpreting the irregular mesh as a graph, we develop a graph U-Net with new cluster pooling and unpooling layers that mimic the classic neighborhood based max-pooling important for imaging applications. Main
results. The proposed graph U-Net is shown to be flexible and effective for improving early iterate total variation (TV) reconstructions from EIT measurements, using as little as the first iteration. The performance is evaluated for simulated data, and on experimental data from three measurement devices with different measurement geometries and instrumentations. We successfully show that such networks can be trained with a simple two-dimensional simulated training set, and generalize to very different domains, including measurements from a three-dimensional device and subsequent 3D reconstructions. Significance. As many inverse problems are solved on irregular (e.g. finite element) meshes, the proposed graph U-Net and pooling layers provide the added flexibility to process directly on the computational mesh. Post-processing an early iterate reconstruction greatly reduces the computational cost which can become prohibitive in higher dimensions with dense meshes. As the graph structure is independent of ‘dimension’, the flexibility to extend networks trained on 2D domains to 3D domains offers a possibility to further reduce computational cost in training.
Finite element 3D model of a double quantum ring: effects of electric and laser fields on the interband transition
Authors: Radu A , Stan C , Bejan D
Published: November 2023

In this work, the changes in the energy of electrons and holes, oscillator strength and interband transition time when external fields are applied to a GaAs/AlGaAs semiconductor double ring grown by the droplet epitaxy technique are theoretically analyzed. We consider a static electric field and an intense laser field nonresonant with the quantum structure, with variable intensities and orientations with respect to the symmetry axis of the quantum ring (QR). In the formalism of the effective mass approximation for electrons and holes, the energies and wavefunctions were numerically computed using the finite element method implemented with an accurate three-dimensional model of the real QR. Laser dressing of the confining potential was performed using the exact integration formula at each point. Our results show major differences between the effects of the two types of applied fields, caused mainly by the static electric-field-induced strong polarizability of the confined electron-hole pair. In addition, the effects of both fields exhibit strong anisotropy in the electronic properties as a result of the particular flattened geometry of the QR. Proper combinations of field strengths and orientations are helpful in designing accurate tools for the sensitive manipulation of interband radiative properties.
Facile synthesis and effect of thermal treatment on MoO3−x@MoS2 (x = 0, 1) bilayer nanostructure: toward photoelectrochemical applications
Authors: Nguyen Tien–Thanh , Nguyen Tien Dai , Vu Thi Bich , Dien Luong Xuan , Le Hoang V , Do Hung Manh , Nguyen Thanh Tung
Published: November 2023

This study reports on the successful synthesis of MoO3-x@MoS2 (x = 0, 1) nanostructure via a one-step hydrothermal combined with the annealing method, which resulted in a well-defined nanoparticle diameter of 280–320 nm and a nanoflake thickness of 12–20 nm. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the presence of a hexagonal crystal phase of MoS2, monoclinic MoO2, and orthorhombic α–MoO3 phases belonging to the P63/mmc, P21/c space group, and Pnma space groups, respectively. Thermal annealing resulted in a phase change from MoS2 to MoO3, MoO2, and Mo2S3, resulting in a bilayer structure of MoO3–x@MoS2 and MoS2@Mo2S3 with more catalytic activity sites. We also propose the synthesis of a shelf–hybrid MoO3–x@MoOxSy nanosheet@nanoflake for potential use in photoelectrochemical (PEC) devices. The resulting MoO3–x@MoS2-based photoanode exhibited a well-separated nanostructure that could be compatible with the MoO3–x@MoS2 nanosheet@nanoflake-based PEC device. The PEC measurements revealed a maximum photocurrent density (J) of 1.75 mA cm–2 at 0.52 V (versus RHE), highlighting the excellent performance of our new nanostructure in the PEC application.
Inside MOND: testing gravity with stellar accelerations
Authors: Finan-Jenkin Maxwell , Easther Richard
Published: November 2023

We quantify the differences between stellar accelerations in disk galaxies formed in a
MONDian universe relative to galaxies with the identical baryonic matter distributions and a
fitted cold dark matter halo. In a Milky Way-like galaxy the maximal transverse acceleration is
 𝒪(10-9) arcseconds per year per decade, well beyond even the most optimistic
extrapolations of current capabilities. Conversely, the maximum difference in the line-of-sight
acceleration is 𝒪(1) centimetre per second per decade at solar distances from the
galactic centre. This level of precision is within reach of plausible future instruments.
State-selective charge exchange cross sections in collisions of highly-charged sulfur ions with helium and molecular hydrogen
Authors: Zhu 朱 Xiaolong 小龙 , Cui 崔 Shucheng 述成 , Xing 邢 Dadi 大地 , Xu 徐 Jiawei 佳伟 , Najjari B. , Zhao 赵 Dongmei 冬梅 , Guo 郭 Dalong 大龙 , Gao 高 Yong 永 , Zhang 张 Ruitian 瑞田 , Su 苏 Maogen 茂根 , Zhang 张 Shaofeng 少锋 , Ma 马 Xinwen 新文
Published: November 2023

The state-selective cross section data are useful for understanding and modeling the x-ray emission in celestial observations. In the present work, using the cold target recoil ion momentum spectroscopy, for the first time we investigated the state-selective single electron capture processes for S
q+–He and H2 (q = 11–15) collision systems at an impact energy of q × 20 keV and obtained the relative state-selective cross sections. The results indicate that only a few principal quantum states of the projectile energy level are populated in a single electron capture process. In particular, the increase of the projectile charge state leads to the population of the states with higher principal quantum numbers. It is also shown that the experimental averaged n-shell populations are reproduced well by the over-barrier model. The database is openly available in Science Data Bank at 10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00091.
Design and characterization of multichannel front-end electronics for detectors at HIRFL and HIAF
Authors: Wan S. , Yang H. , Zhu J. , Liu C. , Song Y. , Jia Y. , Liu T. , Zhao C.
Published: November 2023

A multichannel front-end readout electronics (MFEE) has been designed for readout in
detectors in the heavy ion facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL) and the high-intensity heavy-ion
accelerator facility (HIAF). With 40 different adjustable gains, this MFEE can meet the need for
most of the experiment. One MFEE can read and process the output signals of 128 channels of a
detector at the same time. MFEE is based on the AD8488 chip and uses Xilinx Kintex 7 series FPGA,
combined with the periphery circuits design, to complete the detector's output charge signal
readout. This paper will discuss the design and performance of the MFEE.
Integral representations for products of Airy functions and their application for analysis of the Green’s function for a particle in a uniform static field
Authors: Flegel A V
Published: November 2023

Representations for products of two Airy functions with different complex arguments in the form of one-dimensional contour integrals are obtained. These representations are used for analysis of the Green’s function for a charged particle in a uniform static electric field. The integral relation between the stationary and time-dependent Green’s functions is discussed in the sense of its analytical properties for complex energy and field strength. It is shown that the Green’s function can be divided into analytic and non-analytic parts with respect to the field strength near its zero.
Effectiveness of the Krotov method in finding controls for open quantum systems
Authors: Fernandes Marllos E F , Fanchini Felipe F , de Lima Emanuel F , Castelano Leonardo K
Published: November 2023

We apply the Krotov method (KM) for open and closed quantum systems to find optimized controls to manipulate qubit/qutrit systems in the presence of the external environment. In the case of unitary optimization, the KM is first applied to a quantum system neglecting its interaction with the environment. The resulting controls from the unitary optimization are then used to drive the system along with the environmental noise. In the case of non-unitary optimization, the KM already takes into account the noise during the optimization process. We consider two distinct computational tasks: target-state preparation and quantum gate implementation. These tasks are carried out in simple qubit/qutrit systems and also in systems presenting leakage states. For the state preparation cases, the controls from the non-unitary optimization outperform the controls from the unitary optimization. However, as we show here, this is not always true for the implementation of quantum gates. There are some situations where the unitary optimization performs equally well compared to the non-unitary optimization. We verify that these situations correspond to either the absence of leakage states or to the effects of dissipation being spread uniformly over the system, including non-computational levels. For such cases, the quantum gate implementation must cover the entire Hilbert space and there is no way to dodge dissipation. On the other hand, if the subspace containing the computational levels and its complement are differently affected by dissipation, the non-unitary optimization becomes effective.
On Hamiltonian structures of quasi-Painlevé equations
Authors: Filipuk Galina , Stokes Alexander
Published: November 2023

We describe the quasi-Painlevé property of a system of ordinary differential equations in terms of a global Hamiltonian structure on an analogue of Okamoto’s space of initial conditions for the Painlevé equations. In the quasi-Painlevé case, the Hamiltonian structure is with respect to a two-form which is allowed to have certain zeroes on the surfaces forming the space of initial conditions, as opposed to holomorphic symplectic forms in the case of the Painlevé equations. We provide the spaces and Hamiltonian structures for several known quasi-Painlevé equations and also for a new example, which we prove to have the quasi-Painlevé property via the Hamiltonian structure and construction of an appropriate auxiliary function which remains bounded on solutions.
Effect of light ellipticity and polarization angle on the transient dynamics of the ground-state Hanle effect
Authors: Grewal Raghwinder Singh
Published: November 2023

We report theoretical investigations on the transient dynamics of the ground-state Hanle effect in the Voigt geometry, where a time-varying scanning magnetic field
B
(t) is applied perpendicular to the light propagation direction. Transient Hanle signals are calculated for different light polarizations using a theoretical model based on the density matrix approach. First, we study the ellipticity dependence of transient Hanle signals in two configurations in which the major axis of the light polarization ellipse (

ε

a

) is aligned either perpendicular or parallel to the field
B
. For

ε

a

⊥

B
, elliptical polarization of the light produces oscillations of frequencies 2ΩL(t) and ΩL(t) simultaneously, where ΩL(t) is the Larmor frequency of the corresponding field
B
(t). On the other hand, in the case of

ε

a

||
B
, only ΩL(t) oscillation is observed using elliptically polarized light. Second, we vary the tilt angle between the polarization vector of a linearly polarized light and the orientation of the field
B
and study its effect on the transient response of Hanle signals. Both the amplitude and the decay rate of the oscillations show a strong dependence on the light ellipticity and tilt angle of the polarization vector. In addition, the influence of the magnetic field sweep rate on the transient signals is demonstrated for given values of light ellipticity and polarization angle.
How a pure risk of harm can itself be a harm: A reply to Rowe
Authors: Stefánsson H Orri
Published: November 2023

Rowe has recently argued that pure risk of harm cannot itself be a harm. I respond to Rowe and argue that given an appropriate understanding of objective probabilities, pure objective risk of harm can itself be a harm.
Q fever infection is a preventable risk associated with pet food manufacturing
Authors: Uren Alexandra M , Harris James , Slinko Vicki , Vosti Fiona , Young Megan
Published: November 2023

Objective

This paper highlights the occupational risk of Q fever from exposure to raw animal products in the context of multiple notified Q fever cases from 2020 to 2023 linked to four pet food manufacturing facilities in South-East Queensland, Australia.

Methods

The Queensland Government Notifiable Conditions System was used to identify Q fever cases linked to pet food manufacturing in the Metro North and Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service areas of Brisbane, Australia. Data on each case from routine public health follow-up were collected and descriptively analysed.

Results

Between 2020 and 2023, 12 confirmed Q fever infections (17% of total cases) were linked to four pet food manufacturing facilities. Eleven cases reported direct or environmental exposure to raw meat and animal products. None were previously vaccinated for Q fever.

Conclusion

These cases demonstrate the increased risk of Q fever infection as part of the pet food manufacturing process, highlighting an underappreciated preventable occupational risk, which can be mitigated with the use of pre-screening and vaccination of workers. All occupations should conduct workplace-based risk assessments to identify risks such as Q fever to prevent adverse negative health outcomes.
Decolonizing US Latinx Students’ Language: El Sur in the Schools of El Norte
Authors: García Ofelia
Published: November 2023

This article considers how the racialized bilingual Latinx students in El Norte live in an epistemological Sur where their knowledge systems, which include their language and cultural practices are discounted. Centring the schooling experience of two US Latinas today, the article theorizes the differences between perceiving their language and bilingualism from the external perspective of dominant schooling institutions of the Global North, and from the inside perspective of racialized speakers. Bringing to bear thinking from an epistemological Sur (Santos 2009), revealed through a decolonizing sociolinguistic approach and Latinx decolonizing research sensibility, the article discusses how tools external to the Latinx experience—academic language and additive bilingualism—have contributed to the subjugation and failure of Latinx students. It ends by proposing translanguaging as a tool that has emerged from Latinx own experience and how its use in their education may open a decolonial option.
Failing Fortunes of Applied Linguistics: Towards Surviving Mastery
Authors: Oostendorp Marcelyn
Published: November 2023

The discourse of mastery is prominent in applied linguistics. The idea of mastery, however, does not remain only on the discourse level: curricula and policies are meant to be implemented, and therefore mastery and all that is associated with it (near perfection, dominance over something, etc.) is also practiced. In this paper, I argue that we might survive mastery by recuperating other ways of being, thinking, and learning. By drawing on examples from the South African higher educational context, I show glimpses of other ways of doing and thinking about language. Drawing inspiration from decolonial theory, I extend the notion of linguistic citizenship by showing that, for applied linguists, vulnerability, relationality, and failure could be points of focus as productive as mastery.
Colonizability and Hermeneutical Injustice in Applied Linguistics Research: (Im)possibilities for Epistemological Delinking
Authors: Barnawi Osman Z , R’boul Hamza
Published: November 2023

The field of applied linguistics is a remarkable case of deep intersection of the skewed geopolitics of knowledge (epistemic inequalities) and language (the ascendency of English as both a topic of research and academic lingua franca). The dominance of the Anglo-sphere through epistemology and language in applied linguistics renders the process of decolonization even more problematic than in other fields, for the only available tools to decolonize are those of coloniality. We argue that despite the end of formal decolonization and the incessant decolonial impulses, the Global South(s) may be still colonizable. Through ages of epistemic dominance, the Global South(s) may have encountered some tensions and challenges to exercise and legitimize ways of theorizing and doing applied linguistics research otherwise. That is, these alternative visions and praxis may again be underpinned by western traditions of thought that have shaped their foundational understandings of what language, linguistics, and practicality are. Epistemological delinking may be impossible as long as decoloniality itself is enunciated through the dominant voices and channels and according to the rationalities against which decoloniality in applied linguistics has been made to be understood. We go beyond the usual question of whether decolonization is possible, to ask: What decolonialities are possible to account for the Global South(s) and their varying degrees of colonizability? We employ what we term ‘collective introspection-retrospection’ as an epistemological journey of re-knowing, re-feeling, re-sensing, and re-imagining alternative epistemologies in applied linguistics.
Sketches Toward a Decolonial Applied Linguistics
Authors: De Fina Anna , Oostendorp Marcelyn , Ortega Lourdes
Published: November 2023

This special issue responds to an increasing interest in decolonial and Southern thinking in applied linguistics. In this Introduction, we first discuss some basic historical facts about colonization, and we highlight some key concepts. We then present the six contributions in the special issue. Three contributions compellingly expose the pervasiveness of coloniality and give reason to doubt that it can ever be overcome; the other three contributions open spaces for the decolonial possibilities of healing, hope, and futurity. We then discuss some key issues in decolonial and Southern scholarship, including the role of non-conventional writing in decolonial research, the differences between decolonial and social justice projects, the difficulties of decolonizing Eurocentric knowledge through Euro-Anglo-Northern tools, and deep inequities in the geopolitics of knowledge. We hope that the special issue will enable readers to re-see long-standing applied linguistics questions through decolonial and Southern lenses. We also hope to make the case why decolonial projects are worth the trouble.
Whoever their partner, female blue tits breed the same
Authors: Delaitre Ségolène , Doutrelant Claire , Caro Samuel P
Published: November 2023

Do females modify their reproductive investment if they do not succeed in pairing with a male that matches their preference? In a two-year experiment, we asked female blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) to select among six males, and then successively paired them with their preferred and their most avoided male. We monitored female reproductive investment through nest building activity, timing of breeding, size and number of eggs, number of fertilized eggs, and brood sex ratio. We found that females preferred males with a chromatic coloration (blue UV chroma of the head crown) that matched their own, but also that they preferred males with a lower achromatic coloration (less bright color of the cheeks and head crown). Although females paired with their preferred males tended to build heavier nests during the breeding season, we found no evidence of an effect of the pairing treatment on timing of breeding, or any other aspects of female reproductive investment. We however found that laying dates, clutch sizes, egg sizes, and brood sex ratio were significantly repeatable within females between the two years, despite the opposite pairing treatments. These findings show that in female blue tits, the males with which they are paired do not substantially alter their reproductive decisions.
FEED: a feature selection method based on gene expression decomposition for single cell clustering
Authors: Zhang Chao , Duan Zhi-Wei , Xu Yun-Pei , Liu Jin , Li Hong-Dong
Published: November 2023

Single-cell clustering is a critical step in biological downstream analysis. The clustering performance could be effectively improved by extracting cell-type-specific genes. The state-of-the-art feature selection methods usually calculate the importance of a single gene without considering the information contained in the gene expression distribution. Moreover, these methods ignore the intrinsic expression patterns of genes and heterogeneity within groups of different mean expression levels. In this work, we present a Feature sElection method based on gene Expression Decomposition (FEED) of scRNA-seq data, which selects informative genes to enhance clustering performance. First, the expression levels of genes are decomposed into multiple Gaussian components. Then, a novel gene correlation calculation method is proposed to measure the relationship between genes from the perspective of distribution. Finally, a permutation-based approach is proposed to determine the threshold of gene importance to obtain marker gene subsets. Compared with state-of-the-art feature selection methods, applying FEED on various scRNA-seq datasets including large datasets followed by different common clustering algorithms results in significant improvements in the accuracy of cell-type identification. The source codes for FEED are freely available at https://github.com/genemine/FEED.