bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a Reciprocating Weeding Machine for Cottage Crop Production
Authors: Fayose Folasayo T. , Olaniyan Adesoji , Ogunleye Kayode , Ilesanmi Oluwaseun
Published: July 2022

Weeding is currently still carried out manually in Nigeria and some of the African countries. This is despite the  efforts that have been made to develop different types of weeding machines in Nigeria with different drive mechanisms, features and designs.  Up to this point, no model or design have been commercialized but they remain in the prototype stage partly due  to sophistication, poor quality and low efficiency. In this study, a prototype of motorised weeding machine, actuated by a reciprocating mechanism was designed and fabricated for use on most subsistent crops plots.   The reciprocation prevented the need to move the blades back and front as this action is automatically achieved in one process.The design features included 20o rake angle of the cutting blade, a working depth of 2.54cm and 28cm  width of cut. Dimensions and the thickness of blades were designed according to the principles of  general soil mechanics. Other machine elements were designed following PSG TECH procedures. After fabrication and assembly, the machine was tested on a 10m 10m plot planted with maize and test result indicated a functional efficiency of 98%, quality performance efficiency of 82.7% and field capacity of 0.036m2/s as against 0.01m2/s with manual weeding. The material for the construction was sourced from locally available materials.The weeding machine has an effective cutting width of 27.5 cm and a production cost of NGN 175, 000.00.
A Question Answering Framework Based on Hybridization of Deep Learning and Semantic Web Techniques
Authors: Aina Sikirat K. , Obiniyi Afolayan A. , Kana Donfack A. F.
Published: July 2022

The question answering (QA) system has been existing for several years. QA systems are divided into different processes such as question processing, document processing, paragraph extraction, answer extraction, question analysis, phrase mapping, disambiguation, query construction, querying the Knowledge Base (KB), and result ordering on user response respectively. Based on these processes, many models have been developed using approaches ranging from linguistic, statistical, and pattern matching. Popular models are Feedback, Refinement and Extended VocabularY Aggregation (FREyA), PowerAqua, SemSek, Semantic Interpretation of User Queries for QA on Interlinked Data (SINA), DEep Answers for maNy Naturally Asked questions (DEANNA), gAnswer, SemGraph, OKBQA (Open Knowledge Base and Question Answering) and Semantic Question Answering (SQA), for performance evaluation, these mostly focus on higher precision, recall, and/or F-measure. However, most of these models are constrained in the following operations: the combination of knowledge bases from different sources, formalism for knowledge representation to support interoperability, optimization of query construction and generation, ranking of responses, and support for set operations (union, sorting, comparison, and aggregation on user query) during query generation. This research proposes a hybrid of recurrent neural network and semantic-web-based question answering as the (RNNSQA) framework that combines heterogeneous knowledge sources and improves on state-of-the-art query generation mechanisms to allow for integration of comprehensive question-type operations, and set-based operations listed above. First, there would be a combination of techniques that is Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) techniques in classifying questions into types. Secondly, the semantic web technique is then employed in generating (SPARQL Protocol and RDF (Resource Description Framework) Query Language) SPARQL-based candidate queries. The result of this study is an enhanced QA framework with improved query translation and construction capability.
Compressive Strength and Thermogravimetric Analysis of Metakaolin Blended Cement
Authors: Ikumapayi Catherine M. , Alamu Oluwaga F.
Published: July 2022

Cement concrete is the most extensively used construction materials across the world. The environmental unfriendliness attached to the production of cement which is one of the major constituents of concrete demands persistent attention and the wide use of pozzolanic material as partial replacement of cement in concrete looks to be a promising supplement for cement in concrete production.  Based on past research works, metakaolin was selected and its compressive strength and thermal resistance as well as other properties were determined. The replacement percentage of metakaolin employed was 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by weight of cement with a mix ratio of cement to sand to granite of 1:2:4 cured at 7 days, 14 days, 28 days and 56 days . The output of this research work shows that with respect to compressive strength and thermal resistance, the metakaolin blended cement examined here is not suitable as supplementary materials for cement in construction industry.
Analysis of Electrical Faults Caused by Natural Phenomena in the Distribution System of Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Akanni Samson A. , Melodi Adegoke O. , Ale Thomas O.
Published: July 2022

This paper analysed empirical system data of nature-induced electrical faults, its variation, and ratings in the distribution networks of Lagos State, Nigeria, which affect the power distribution system infrastructure, end-users of electricity, and the economic development of the distribution companies, consumers, and the nation at large. Fault-based outage data (at installed 11 kV and 33 kV nominal network voltages) were obtained and analysed by natural phenomena (NPs) using relative frequency, seasonal variation, and probabilistic statistics. From obtained results, the following were established: NP-induced electrical faults are prevalent in the distribution systems of Lagos State, and it is more towards or closer to the mainland; vegetation (67%) and birds/snakes (24%) are the most predominant fault-causing NPs in the distribution networks; floods (0.1%) rarely cause electrical faults in these distribution networks despite being a coastal region; and NP-induced electrical faults vary periodically throughout the year. It was recommended that existing maintenance policy must be enhanced to control vegetation, birds, and reptile incursions into Lagos DNs. Modern software-based sensor technologies for monitoring vegetation growth and repelling bird/snake incursions in the network should be explored. Existing protection scheme should be evaluated for effectiveness in view of ensuing short circuit events from incidents of these NPs at various hotspots.
Importance of Subjective Well-Being and Character Strength for Equality Education at the Prison
Authors: Mutaqin Moh Fikri Tanzil , Fajari Laksmi Evasufi Widi
Published: July 2022

The phenomena that occur in prisoners are very complex such as loss of life satisfaction, hope, and independence, and they have limitations in social interaction. In addition, other phenomena often occur in prisoners, namely the dropping out of school because they have to undergo a period of detention (Kintamani, 2012). While in the socialization institution, they still get the right to enjoy proper education through equality education. As citizens learning equality education, they can also not be separated from the problems that prisoners often experience. Seeing this phenomenon, the author assumes that learning about citizens is important for subjective well-being and character strength. When citizens learn to have subjective well-being and character strength, they can have life productivity (Holder, 2012). This article is discussed using the literature review method by conceptualizing the grand theory and the results of previous research on subjective well-being and the strength of character combined in the learning process of equality education in social institutions. The purpose of this paper is to support research literature exploration of subjective well-being and exploration of character education
Motile aeromonads recovered from tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultured in earthen ponds in the Philippines: assessment of antibiotic susceptibility and multidrug resistance to selected antibiotics
Authors: Pakingking Rolando , Española Jasca G. , Palma Peter , Usero Roselyn
Published: July 2022

A total of 177 motile Aeromonas spp., comprised of A. hydrophila (n=162) and A. sobria (n=15), isolated from the water, sediment, gills and intestines of tilapia collected from the grow-out culture earthen ponds in the Philippines were investigated for their antimicrobial susceptibility to 10 antibiotics commonly used in fish aquaculture. All motile Aeromonas spp. tested generally exhibited a very high percentage of resistance to amoxicillin (A. hydrophila: 95%; A. sobria: 100%), erythromycin (99%;100%), neomycin (83%;100%), and oxytetracycline (92%;100%), respectively. On the contrary, they showed substantial susceptibility to chloramphenicol, nitrofurantoin, doxycycline, enrofloxacin and norfloxacin. Results of the antimicrobial susceptibility testing demonstrated that 94.4% and 100% of A. hydrophila and A. sobria isolates tested were resistant to antibiotics belonging to at least 3 or more categories and therefore considered as multiple drug resistant strains. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indexing of A. hydrophila and A. sobria strains showed that they originated from high-risk sources.
Editorial
Authors: Guerrero Elsa Marcela
Published: July 2022

En este segundo número del año 2015 publica cuatro trabajos que proponen discusiones interesantes a partir de la presentación de casos y soluciones tecnológicas para mejorar las condiciones ambientales del territorio a nivel local y regional.
Reflexiones sobre la valoración económica de servicios ecosistémicos de la Reserva de Biosfera Mar Chiquito, Argentina
Authors: Zunda Mariana , Guerrero Elsa Marcela
Published: July 2022

Resumen extendido de la tesis elaborada para acceder al grado de “Licenciada en Diagnóstico y Gestión Ambiental” de la Facultad de Ciencias Humanas de la Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (defendida en diciembre del 2016). 

La presente síntesis reproduce en términos parciales los alcances de la tesis de grado titulada: Aproximación a la valoración económica de los servicios ecosistémicos del Parque Atlántico Mar Chiquito.

El caso bajo análisis fue la Reserva de Biosfera Parque Atlántico Mar Chiquito que está situada en el Partido de Mar Chiquita, en el sudeste de la costa de la Provincia de Buenos Aires.
Analysis of Chloramphenicol in Shrimp Using Standard Addition Method Based on Diazotization
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Faculty Mathematics and Natural Sciences, State University of Surabaya, Indonesia, Almira Nabila
Published: July 2022

This research aimed to determine the concentration of chloramphenicol in shrimp using the standard addition method based on the diazotization reaction using Zn powder as a reducing agent of chloramphenicol, followed by the use of N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride as a coupling agent and measured at 565 nm. Based on the test, the shrimp sample was found to contain 1964.91 mg/kg of chloramphenicol and it exceeded the requirements set by the European Commission which was 0,15 mg/kg. The limit of detection (LOD) value is 0.19 mg/mL and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) value is 0.64 mg/mL. The correlation coefficient (R2) was 0.9991 for the concentration range of 0-50 ppm. The analysis of the results showed that the %recovery in shrimp analysis using this method was 87.41%-107.73% with an average of 109.38%.
ANALISIS SEMIOTIKA: TARADUF KATA GHADAB DAN GHAIZA DALAM AL-QUR’AN
Authors: Maryam Nur Annisa
Published: July 2022

This article deals with syntax in the qur 'an, which then takes on a semiotical approach. The study was intended to explore the differences in meaning that existed in taraduf, the common meaning of ghadab and ghaiza (mutaradif). However, there was a difference in meaning between the analyzed ghadab and ghaiza using a semiotic approach. The study uses library research's qualitative method of research, analyzing content to arrive at a conclusion. The study suggests that ghadab is mentioned 23 times in 13 different forms, while ghaiza is mentioned 11 times in 9 different forms. Based on this, researchers found a difference in meaning between ghadab and ghaiza. In view of its meaning, the word ghadab is oriented toward anger in a person and is very difficult to undo, in that it is rooted in one's heart. Where as ghaiza in a sense, it is a cause or reason that triggers anger which also comes from the heart. So when challenged, then ghaiza is a level of anger higher than ghadab.
Peningkatan Motorik Halus Anak Usia Dini Melalui Bermain Kolase Daun Singkong
Authors: Casta Casta , Sofiani Sugani , Suzana Suzana
Published: July 2022

The development of fine motor skills in early childhood can exempt the children from dependence and  increase self-confidence. However, this still often neglected, therefore many children have low fine motor skills. This study aimed to improve the fine motor skills of early childhood through the action of collage playing from cassava leaves. This Action Research was carried out for two cycles using Kurt Lewin's model. Data were collected by observation technique, performance test and documentation. Data were analyzed  through data reduction, data display, verification and conclusions. Quantitative data were analyzed by percentage analysis which is interpreted as qualitative data. The results showed that prior to the application of cassava leaf collage play activities, children's fine motor skills were relatively low; The application of collage play activities from cassava leaves on early childhood should be increase by teacher guidance, variation in work tools, and variation in the used materials; and after playing collage from cassava leaves, the fine motor skill of children were getting better. It was concluded that the collage play activity from cassava leaves was effective to improve fine motor skills of early childhood. It is recommended to use the natural materials in collage making activities to increase the fine motor skills of early childhood.

 ABSTRAK

Pengembangan motorik halus anak usia dini dapat melepaskan anak dari ketergantungan dan meningkatkan kepercayaan diri. Akan tetapi hal ini masih sering diabaikan, akibatnya banyak anak usia dini yang rendah kemampuan motorik halusnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan motorik halus anak usia dini melalui pemberian tindakan bermain  kolase dari daun singkong. Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini dilaksanakan selama dua siklus dengan model Kurt Lewin. Data dikumpulkan dengan teknik observasi, tes unjuk kerja dan dokumentasi. Analisis data  melalui reduksi data, display data, verifikasi dan kesimpulan. Data yang bersifat kuantitatif dianalisis dengan analisis persentase yang  diinterpretasikan menjadi data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebelum penerapan kegiatan bermain kolase daun  singkong kemampuan motorik halus anak tergolong rendah; Penerapan kegiatan bermain kolase dari daun singkong pada harus dilakukan dengan peningkatan bimbingan guru,  variasi alat kerja, dan variasi bahan yang digunakan anak; dan setelah bermain kolase dari daun singkong kemampuan motorik halus anak semakin baik. Disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan bermain kolase dari daun singkong efektif untuk meningkatkan motorik halus anak usia dini.  Direkomendasikan pemanfaatan bahan alam sekitar pada kegiatan membuat kolase guna peningkatan kemampuan motorik halus anak usia dini.
Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Kerjasama Melalui Permainan Ular Naga Pada Anak Kelompok B1 RA Baiturrahman Bima Kota Cirebon
Authors: Rochmah Omah
Published: July 2022

This class action research aims to improve the ability of children's cooperation through the activities of the game of snakes in Group B1 RA BAITURRAHMAN BIMA CIREBON CITY. The game of the dragon that is used is limited to the game Dragon Snake. This type of research is a classroom action with a subject that is group students B1 RA BAITURRAHMAN BIMA CIREBON CITY, amounting to 14 children. Data collection methods used are observation and documentation methods. Research on the ability of this collaboration has been through the process of instrument validation in order to obtain the validity and reliability of research instruments. The data analysis technique used is descriptive qualitative and quantitative descriptive. The pre-action activities that started this study produced data that the average value of children's collaboration skills was only 14.29%. The action in this collaboration capability study was carried out in two cycles. Based on the results of the second cycle, the average value of children's abilities has reached a value of 92%. This development has reached an indicator of success where the research is said to be successful if it has reached a value of 76%. Thus, this research can be said to be successful.

Abstrak

Penelitian tindakan kelas ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan kerjasama anak melalui kegiatan permainan ular naga pada Kelompok B1 RA BAITURRAHMAN BIMA KOTA CIREBON. Permainan ular naga yang digunakan dibatasi pada permainan Ular Naga. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah tindakan kelas dengan subjek yaitu anak didik kelompok B1 RA BAITURRAHMAN BIMA KOTA CIREBON yang berjumlah 14 anak. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode observasi dan metode dokumentasi. Penelitian mengenai kemampuan kerjasama ini telah melalui proses validasi instrumen guna memperoleh validitas dan reliabilitas instrumen penelitian. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dan deskriptif kuantitatif. Kegiatan pra tindakan yang mengawali penelitian ini menghasilkan data bahwa nilai rata-rata kemampuan kerjasama anak baru mencapai nilai 14,29%. Tindakan dalam penelitian kemampuan kerjasama ini dilakukan dalam dua siklus. Berdasarkan hasil dari siklus II, nilai rata-rata kemampuan anak telah mencapai nilai 92%. Perkembangan ini telah mencapai indikator keberhasilan dimana penelitian dikatakan berhasil apabila telah mencapai nilai 76%. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini dapat dikatakan berhasil
Implementasi TQM Berbasis Metode Qiraati di TPQ Daarul Jannah Desa Kaligawe Wetan Kecamatan Susukanlebak Kabupaten Cirebon
Authors: Mahdi Muhammad
Published: July 2022

This study uses a qualitative method. The research used is field research. Data collection was carried out by interview, observation and documentation. The steps in building data analysis in this study are building content, entering data, analyzing data, and interpreting data. The results of this study indicate that The implementation of TQM with the qiraati method in the TPQ Daarul Jannah includes several characteristics of TQM, namely: Prioritizing customer satisfaction based on the institution’s vision and mission, conducting periodic surveys to set quality, Solving Problem in the TPQ with a scientific approach, Committing to future vision and institution’s innovation, Working with the team to set targets, Improving management and teaching patterns for continuous system improvement, following routine methodological events for heads and teachers as a form of commitment to education and training; Controlled freedom can be seen from the freedom of the process of moving students to the next level by the teacher, the regular presentation of the institution's vision and mission to build unity of purpose, and the involvement and empowerment of employees in planning and implementing all TPQ activities.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian lapangan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi (pengamatan) dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Implementasi TQM dengan metode qiraati di TPQ Daarul Jannah meliputi beberapa karakteristik TQM yaitu : Visi dan misi yang mengutamakan kepuasan konsumen, Obsesi terhadap kualitas dengan pelaksanaan survey berkala, Pemecahan masalah di TPQ dengan pendekatan ilmiah, Komitmen jangka panjang dengan visi masa depan dan inovasi lembaga,  Kerja sama Tim untuk pencapaian target, Penyempurnaan pola manajemen dan pengajaran untuk perbaikan sistem secara berkesinambungan, Kewajiban mengikuti acara metodologi rutin bagi kepala dan guru sebagai bentuk komitmen pendidikan dan pelatihan; Kebebasan yang terkendali bisa diketahu dari kebebasan proses kenaikan jilid oleh guru, pemaparan visi misi lembaga secara rutin untuk membangun kesatuan tujuan, dan adanya keterlibatan dan pemberdayaan karyawan dalam perencanaan dan pelaksanaan semua kegiatan TPQ.
Strategi TK Baitul Makmur dalam Masa Pandemi Covid-19 untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berhitung Kelompok B Melalui Media Balok
Authors: Rochmah Omah , Putri Nilamsari Kusumawati
Published: July 2022

This study aims to look at educators' strategies which are ideally in distance learning (online), because when the Covid-19 pandemic appeared everything had changed, educators made new strategies in improving early childhood numeracy skills during the pandemic that hit the whole world, or what is called with Covid-19. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach in the form of a case study method to gain knowledge about educators' strategies in improving numeracy skills in early childhood. Subject selection. Data collection was carried out by using an interactive model with data analysis, namely data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions and verification. The results showed that first, during the Covid-19 pandemic children studied at home using distance learning (online) and home visits, secondly, distance learning (online) and home visits could hamper children's limitations in improving their numeracy skills through block media, third, there is a strategy from kindergarten educators in improving children's numeracy skills through block media as long as children learn via distance (online). that is, children are invited to continue to play while learning even at home, providing an understanding that children are required to wear masks when outside the home, children must use hand sanitizers or wash their hands while playing and after playing.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat strategi pendidik yang idealnya dalam pembelajaran jarak jauh (daring), dikarenakan disaat pandemic Covid-19 muncul semuanya telah berubah, pendidik membuat strategi baru dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berhitung anak usia dini di saat pandemi yang melanda seluruh dunia, atau yang disebut dengan Covid-19. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif dalam bentuk metode studi kasus untuk memperoleh pengetahuan tentang strategi pendidik dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berhitung pada anak usia dini. Pemilihan subjek. pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan penggunaan model interaktif dengan analisis data, yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, penarikan kesimpulan dan verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertama, selama pandemic Covid-19 anak belajar di rumah dengan menggunakan pembelajaran jarak jauh (daring) dan home visit, kedua, Pembelajaran jarak jauh(Daring) dan home visit dapat menghambat keterbatasan anak dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berhitung melalui media balok, ketiga, adanya strategi dari pendidik TK dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berhitung anak melalui media balok selama anak belajar melalui jarak jauh (Daring). yaitu anak diajak untuk tetap bermain sambil belajar meskipun di rumah, memberikan pemahaman bahwa anak wajib memakai masker jika berada di luar rumah, anak harus menggunakan hand sanitizer atau mencuci tangan disaat bermain dan setelah bermain.
Dampak Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh Terhadap Pembelajaran Siswa di RA Darul Qur’an Desa Megu Gede Kabupaten Cirebon
Authors: Muslimah Muslimah , Maulidiyanah Hikmah , Maula Inayahtul
Published: July 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a huge impact on the development of education in Indonesia. Education in Indonesia enforces a distance learning program (PJJ) during the Covid-19 pandemic. This distance learning is implemented with the aim of reducing the spread of the covid-19 virus. The purpose of this study was to describe the impact of distance learning on student learning in RA Darul Quran MeguGede, Cirebon Regency. This research uses descriptive qualitative research. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews and documentation. Based on the research results, distance learning has a positive and negative impact on student learning. The positive impacts include children having a lot of time to study at home with their families, children learning about technology. In addition there are several negative impacts of distance learning (PJJ), namely, children have difficulty concentrating, children are more easily bored, children tend to feel bored because parents tend to demand that children be able to understand learning, children prefer to play than study, and students do not optimally. receive learning material because the teacher is less prepared in providing long-distance chasing and the condition of the house is less conducive.

Abstrak

Pandemi Covid-19 sangatberpengaruhsekaliterhadapperkembanganpendidikan di Indonesia. Pendidikan di Indonesia memberlakukan program pembelajaranjarakjauh (PJJ) selamapandemi covid-19.Pembelajaranjarakjauhinidiberlakukandengantujuan agar mengurangipenyebaran virus covid-19.Tujuanpenelitianiniadalahmendeskripsikantentangdampakpembelajaranjarakjauhterhadappembelajaransiswa di RA Darul Quran MeguGedeKabupaten Cirebon.Penelitianinimenggunakanpenelitiankualitatifdeskriptif.Teknikpengumpulan data menggunakanobservasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, pembelajaranjarakjauhmempunyaidampakpositifdandampak negative terhadappembelajaransiswa. Dampakpositifdiantaranya anak mempunyaibanyakwaktuuntukbelajar di rumahbersamakeluarga, anak belajartentangteknologi.Selain itu terdapat beberapa dampak negatif pembelajaranjarakjauh (PJJ) yaitu,anak sulitkonsentrasi, anak lebihmudahjenuh, anak cenderungmerasabosankarena orang tuacenderungmenuntut anak untukbisamemahamipembelajaran, anak lebih suka bermain dibandingkan belajar,dansiswatidaksecaramaksimalmenerimamateripembelajarankarenaguru kurangpersiapandalammemberikanpembejaranjarakjauhsertakeadaanrumah yang kurangkondusif.
Urgensi Bermain Di Sentra Alam Dalam Peningkatan Kecerdasan Visual Spasial Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Sumarni Neni , Zulhida Rahmi
Published: July 2022

This study wants to see the development of early childhood optimally and on target, so as to be able to develop intelligence, especially visual-spatial intelligence of early childhood. The research was conducted at TKIT As-Sunnah Kalitanjung, Cirebon City. The results of this study conclude that things that need to be considered in the implementation of natural materials centers in developing children's visual-spatial intelligence include media, methods, materials and evaluation in playing activities at natural materials centers. Factors that influence the implementation of outdoor learning activities through natural material centers include supporting factors and inhibiting factors. The supporting factors for learning the material center are teachers who act as demonstrators who are able to understand learning materials to be applied to children, students who are grouped based on their age and activity stages, and the large number of natural material media they have. The inhibiting factor in the activities of the natural materials center is if the natural materials center teacher is unable to attend, playing the natural materials center takes a long time to carry out, the children scramble to choose the variety of games to play and if it rains then the natural material play will be carried out indoors.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini ingin melihat perkembangan anak usia dini secara maksimal dan tepat sasaran, sehingga mampu mengembangkan kecerdasan terutama kecerdasan visual- spasial anak usia dini. Penelitian di lakukan di TKIT As-Sunnah Kalitanjung Kota Cirebon. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa hal-hal yang perlu diperhatikan dalam implementasi sentra bahan alam dalam mengembangkan kecerdasan visual-spasial anak meliputi media, metode, materi dan evaluasi dalam kegiatan bermain di sentra bahan alam. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi implementasi kegiatan belajar outdoor melalui sentra bahan alam meliputi faktor pendukung dan faktor penghambat. Faktor pendukung pembelajaran sentra bahan adalah guru yang berperan sebagai demonstator mampu memahami materi pembelajaran untuk diterapkan kepada anak, peserta didik yang dikelompokkan berdasarkan tahapan usia dan keaktifannya, dan banyaknya jumlah media bahan alam yang dimiliki. Faktor penghambat dalam kegiatan sentra bahan alam adalah jika guru sentra bahan alam berhalangan hadir, bermain sentra bahan alam memelukan waktu yang panjang untuk melaksanakannya, anak-anak berebut memilih ragam main yang dimainkan dan jika hujan turun maka bermain bahan alam akan dilaksanakan di dalam ruangan.
Penerapan Pembelajaran Sains Melalui Eksperimen Balon Udara Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Kognitif Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Widadiyah Qorina , Andrayani Ririn
Published: July 2022

This study aims to improve science skills through balloon experiments at Plumbon State Kindergarten in 2021. This research is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) which is carried out using two cycles. The subjects of this study were group A aged 4 to 5 years with a total of 14 children, consisting of 9 girls and 5 boys. The data analysis technique in this classroom action research uses descriptive statistical analysis techniques. By using an observation instrument as a data collection tool. The results of the data that have been analyzed are in cycle 1 the child's cognitive ability reaches MB (Starting to Develop), while in cycle 2 the increase in children's cognitive ability reaches BSH (Developing according to expectations). So that the increase in children's cognitive abilities from cycle 1 to cycle 2 has progressed quite well in the 2021 school year.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan sains melalui eksperimen balon di TK Negeri Plumbon tahun 2021. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan menggunakan dua siklus. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah kelompok A usia 4 sampai 5 tahun dengan jumlah 14 anak, yang terdiri dari 9 anak perempuan dan 5 anak laki-laki. Teknik analisis data pada penelitian tindakan kelas ini menggunakan teknik analisis statistik deskriptif. Dengan menggunakan instrumen observasi sebagai alat pengumpulan data. Hasil data yang telah dianalisa yaitu pada siklus 1 kemampuan kognitif anak mencapai MB (Mulai Berkembang), sedangkan pada siklus ke 2 peningkatan kemampuan kognitif anak mencapai BSH (Berkembang Sesuai Harapan). Sehingga peningkatan kemampuan kognitif anak dari siklus 1 sampai siklus ke 2 mengalami progres yang cukup baik pada tahun ajaran 2021.
Authors: Hardiyana Andri
Published: July 2022

Tujuan penelitian adalah mendeskripsikan dan mengimplementasikan model pembelajaran bentuk webbed dalam mengembangkan nilai agama dan moral anak usia dini di Kota Cirebon. Penelitian ini diimplementasikan dalam mengembangkan nilai agama dan moral anak usia dini melalui model pembelajaran bentuk webbed. Metode penelitiannya  adalah metode kualitatif pendekatan deskriptif.  Waktu dan  tempat penelitian dilaksanakan di PAUD Kota Cirebon sejak bulan Juli dan sampai September 2021. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian adalah melalui teknik observasi, studi dokumentasi, dan teknik wawancara. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik reduksi data, display, dan analisis data.  Hasil penelitian melalui implementasi model pembelajaran bentuk webbed nilai agama dan moral anak usia dini sudah masuk kategori berkembang sangat baik (BSB) sebanyak 66% dan sebagian berkembang sesuai harapan (BSH) sebanayak 34%.  Dengan demikian, hasilnya adalah melalui model pembelajaran bentuk webbed aspek perkembangan nilai agama dan moral dapat berkembang dengan baik yang ditampilkan dengan perilaku dalam mengamalkan ajaran agama,dan berperilaku sesuai dengan norma dan moral secara sederhana.
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membaca Anak Usia Dini Melalui Bermain Puzzle Huruf
Authors: Juhaeti Eti
Published: July 2022

The main and fundamental problem in this research is whether through playing letter puzzles the reading ability of early childhood can be improved? The purpose of this study was to improve reading skills in early childhood through playing letter puzzles. The research was conducted using a quasi-experimental method (nonequivalent control group design) on group B students at Tunas Bangsa Kindergarten, Kramatmulya Village, Kramatmulya District, Kuningan Regency, which consisted of 18 control group students and 18 experimental group students. Data collection techniques in research through observation and documentation. The data analysis was carried out with quantitative techniques. The results showed that there was an increase in the reading ability of early childhood through playing letter puzzles, significantly than children who did not use the letter puzzle game, with an N-Gain value of 26.22 in the experimental group, and 3.33 in the control group, children's reading ability. Early childhood showed a significant increase, this is due to the repeated application of strategies to information, the learning experiences gained by early childhood through playing letter puzzles can improve early childhood reading skills. Based on the results of the study, the recommendation proposed is to contribute ideas to PAUD institutions in improving reading skills in early childhood through playing letter puzzles.

Abstrak

Permasalahan utama dan mendasar dalam penelitian ini adalah apakah melalui  bermain puzzle huruf kemampuan membaca anak usia dini dapat ditingkatkan? Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan membaca pada anak usia dini melalui bermain puzzle huruf. Penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan metode kuasi eksperimen (nonequivalent control group design) terhadap siswa kelompok B di TK Tunas Bangsa Desa Kramatmulya Kecamatan Kramatmulya Kabupaten Kuningan yang terdiri dari 18 siswa kelompok kontrol dan 18 siswa kelompok eksperimen. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian melalui observasi dan dokumentasi. Adapun analisis data yang dilakukan dengan teknik kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada peningkatan kemampuan membaca anak usia dini melalui bermain puzzle huruf, secara signifikan daripada anak yang tidak menggunakan permaianan puzzle huruf, dengan nilai N-Gain 26,22 pada kelompok eksperimen, dan 3,33 pada kelompok kontrol, kemampuan membaca anak usia dini menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan, Hal ini dikarenakan penerapan strategi yang dilakukan berulang-ulang terhadap informasi, pengalaman pembelajaran yang di dapat oleh anak usia dini melalui bermain puzzle huruf dapat meningkatkan kemampuan membaca anak usia dini. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, rekomendasi yang diajukan adalah memberikan sumbangan pemikiran pada lembaga PAUD dalam meningkatkan kemampuan membaca pada anak usia dini melalui bermain puzzle huruf.
Analisis Standar Dan Pembelajaran Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Furwanti Eni , Apriani Nanin , Krismayanti Yanti , Barlian Ujang Cepi , Warta Waska
Published: July 2022

PAUD national standards are difficult to meet by PAUD units, most of which are managed by the community (96%), overlapping units and programs in providing PAUD services, requirements for applying for permits and renewing permits are difficult to fulfill by PAUD units managed by the community. This article uses a descriptive qualitative method because the focus of this research is to determine the evaluation of early childhood education learning in PAUD Adinda Kec. Rancasari Bandung. The research subject is the subject that will be addressed by the researcher for research, which is the person, place or object observed in the context of being the center of the research target. In this study the researchers chose to conduct research in PAUD Adinda Kec. Rancasari Bandung. because researchers are interested in seeing how the evaluation of early childhood education learning in PAUD Adinda Kec. Rancasari Bandung. Data collection techniques are: observation, interviews, documentation. Adinda's PAUD has met the standards in accordance with the policies regarding the Permen 137 2014 and 146 2014 PAUD standards regarding PAUD learning. Although there are things that are not in line, they are not crucial. So that this PAUD can still carry out KBM during the pandemic and before the pandemic.

Abstrak

Standar nasional PAUD sulit dipenuhi oleh satuan PAUD yang sebagian besar dikelola masyarakat (96%), tumpang tindih satuan dan program dalam penyelenggaraan layanan PAUD, persyaratan pengajuan izin dan pembaharuan izin sulit dipenuhi oleh satuan PAUD yang dikelola Masyarakat. Artikel ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif karena fokus penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui evaluasi pembelajaran pendidikan anak usia dini di PAUD Adinda Kec. Rancasari Bandung. Subyek penelitian merupakan subyek yang akan dituju oleh peneliti untuk diteliti, yang dimaksud yaitu orang, tempat atau benda yang diamati dalam rangka sebagai pusat sasaran penelitian. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti memilih melakukan penelitian di PAUD Adinda Kec. Rancasari Bandung. karena peneliti tertarik untuk melihat bagaimana evaluasi pembelajaran pendidikan anak usia dini di PAUD Adinda Kec. Rancasari Bandung. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu: observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi. PAUD Adinda telah memenuhi standar yang sesuai dengan kebijakan tentang standar Paud permen 137 2014 dan 146 2014 tentang pembelajaran PAUD. Walaupun ada yang belum sejalan tetapi bukan hal yang krusial. Sehingga PAUD ini tetap bisa melaksanakan KBM di saat pandemi dan sebelum pandemi.
GLOBAL CONSTITUTIONALISM AS A THINKING ABOUT CONSTITUTIONAL VALUES IN CONDITIONS OF EXTREME UNCERTAINTY: QUO VADIS?
Authors: Lvova El. Ol.
Published: July 2022

The article considers the use of the phenomenology of global constitutionalism as thinking about constitutional values in the conditions of extreme uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic and Ukraine's war with Russia.

The author argues that despite the fact that the active process of globalization continues to rapidly affect and affect the structure of legal systems, and international law, unfortunately, is not always an effective tool for managing these changes contrary to their own principles and customs, to help him comes the phenomenology of global constitutionalism, which serves to limit state power (even democratic), applied at the state level, taking into account the principles of the rule of law, protection of human rights and democracy.

It is argued that the relevance of lawyers' research on global constitutionalism, in particular the impact of globalization on the development of constitutional law, due to a number of factors, including the following: A) the subject of constitutional law in countries of the world depending on their economic development; B) the essence of constitutional control under conditions of extreme uncertainty becomes important.

It is stated that one of the most important features of modern constitutionalism of Ukraine, first, is the autonomy of the regulation of constitutional proceedings. In conditions of uncertainty, Ukraine continues to carry out judicial reform, but the issue of improving the procedure for selecting judges to the Constitutional Court of Ukraine remains relevant; secondly, there are real difficulties in constitutional and legal regulation of administrative and territorial reform and risks to the formation of a possible policy of constitutional modernization of Ukraine in the territories occupied by the Russian Federation, especially the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Eastern Ukraine in digitalization. The formation of Ukrainian constitutionalism in the context of global digitalization should be facilitated by the consolidation of new requirements for law enforcement and law enforcement of constitutional and legislative guidelines in digital format; thirdly, in the process of globalization, the safeguards of the loss of national sovereignty and international legal personality of Ukraine should be the improvement and implementation of legislation on the procedural procedure for consideration by the Constitutional Court of Ukraine of cases on national security and state secrets.
TERRITORIAL SUPREME AS AN IMMANT SIGN OF SOVEREIGNTY AND INTERNATIONAL SUBJECTIVITY OF THE STATE
Authors: Shkabaro V.N. , Boyarsky V.O.
Published: July 2022

The authors emphasizes that the processes of globalization and current events in Ukraine call for increased attention to constitutional research on issues related to the territory of the state. A review of the legal literature and the opinions expressed in it gave the authors reason to formulate the thesis that territorial supremacy is an immanent sign of sovereignty and international subjectivity of the state.

The purpose of the article is to carry out a constitutional study of systemic relationships in the triad "territorial supremacy – state sovereignty – international subjectivity of the state".

Within the argumentation of this thesis, three characteristics of territorial supremacy are briefly analyzed.

Territorial supremacy is characterized by the fact that public power in general and state power in particular within state borders is exclusive and complete. State power is exercised by a system of state bodies.

Territorial supremacy is characterized by the fact that public power in general and state power in particular in some cases is extraterritorial. The relations to which state power extends in these cases are determined by national law, taking into account international standards.

Territorial supremacy is characterized by the fact that public authorities in general and public authorities in particular affect not only domestic but also foreign relations. In the international arena, the state acts taking into account the priorities of domestic policy, which are enshrined in national legislation (or in documents of a programmatic nature).

The authors summarizes that the practical implementation of these three characteristics of territorial supremacy is carried out by each country at its discretion. From the point of view of constitutional law, it is important that the principles of national constitutionalism are always taken into account, sometimes also the principles of constitutionalism of foreign countries (horizontal dimension of extraterritoriality), and even less often the principles of global constitutionalism (vertical dimension of extraterritoriality).
DIGITAL CONSTITUTIONALISM IN THE MODERN INFORMATION SOCIETY
Authors: Bocharova N.V.
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of the basic concepts of digital constitutionalism, the characteristics of doctrinal development and areas of research, as well as to cover the problematic issues related to the definition of this phenomenon in the system of modern constitutionalism. It is noted that, despite the rather solid list of the latest analytical works regarding digital constitutionalism, its doctrinal definition is not complete, and there is no clearly recognized definition of this concept. There is now a general consensus among researchers that digital constitutionalism is a set of traditional constitutional values adapted to the new requirements of the digital environment. From the standpoint of digital constitutionalism, society should respond to the shortcomings of digital technologies and provide the ideals, values and principles of modern democratic constitutionalism, support its balance sheet and guarantee system. Digital constitutionalism advocates such fundamental principles as the rule of law, the separation of powers, democracy and the protection of human rights in a qualitatively new context of the information society. At the same time, new constitutional principles emerge in various forms. Not only as amendments to national constitutions, but also as internal rules of online platform, precedent right of national constitutional courts and transnational judicial bodies, but even as legally optional declarations of Internet rights, which are promoted by participants in civil society. This gives grounds to argue that digital constitutionalism is a new direction of modern constitutionalism (New Branch of constiturationalism) while remaining within a democratic legal discourse. Thus, it is stated that digital constitutionalism has noted a new phase of development of modern constitutionalism and a new paradigm of constitutional and legal research. Without these factors, it is impossible to ensure the modern constitutional and legal development of states and the improvement of national constitutional legislation.
THE CONCEPT OF "MUNICIPAL MAN": MODIFICATION IN THE LIGHT OF MARTIME
Authors: Boyarskіі O.O.
Published: July 2022

The article considers the practical aspects of the implementation of the concept of "municipal man" (homo municipalis) in the legislation on local self-government and in the practice of local self-government bodies of the country, as well as its modifications in light of martial law.

It turns out that the concept of "municipal man" (homo municipalis), and, both in peacetime and in martial law and the actual conduct of hostilities has great methodological and praxeological potential for building and developing territorial human communities and improving the use of local government in a democratic state governed by the rule of law. It is, on the one hand, a harbinger of the formation and improvement of legal personality of each resident member of the local community, and on the other – a fundamental task of local government, carried out by local governments on behalf and in the interests of the local community.

A systematic analysis of the relevant legislative array shows that the current modern military legislation of Ukraine is characterized not only by complete disregard for the goals and objectives of local self-government during martial law, but also by neutralizing or significantly reducing the powers of local governments – moreover, replacing the main entity exercise of such powers (they are transferred from local governments to territorial military administrations), which, in essence, disintegrates the concept of "municipal man" and its implementation in the practice of local governments.

It is stated that the realities of today, as well as the important organizational, regulatory and managerial role of local governments within the territorial community in martial law determine changes in the position of the legislator to restore proper legal personality of local governments in the context of returning some powers to elected local actors. self-government, which marks the recognition and return to the concept of "municipal man" and its application in lawmaking and lawmaking.