bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Mathematical Theory of Historical Greenhouse Gas Emissions with Rigorous Insights
Authors: Purnawan Rizal
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we analyze historical greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions worldwide, leveraging a dataset provided by (Gütschow and Pflüger, 2023). Employing mathematical modeling, a formal theory is developed, describing the growth trajectories of GHG emissions over time. The theory introduces several key concepts including continuous emission process (CEP), discrete emission process (DEP), historical upper bound emission (HUBE), historical peak emission (HPE), rapid growing emission (RGE), rapid shrinking emission (RSE), pivotal periods (piviods), historical expected growth rate (HEGR) and conditional historical bound space (CHBS), pinpointing important periods and numerical measures related to a country’s GHG emission growth. A notable invention in the theory is the concept of piviods developed from the concept of Lipschitz continuity and short map in mathematical analysis, highlighting a country’s transition from slow to rapid GHG emission growth and vice versa. Additionally, machine learning algorithms and computer algebra systems are also utilized in the computational implementation of the theory, enhancing the robustness and efficiency. Our findings reveal valuable insights into historical GHG emissions, offering a novel approach to their analysis and bridging the gap between formal mathematics and environmental science.
Cohort Profiles: Personality Measurements at the Estonian Biobank of the Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu
Authors: Vaht Mariliis , Arumäe Kadri , Realo Anu , Ausmees Liisi , Allik Jüri , Henry Sam , Metspalu Andres , Esko Tõnu , Mõttus René , Vainik Uku
Published: February 2024

Like all behaviour, personality traits are substantially heritable, but their genetic background is poorly understood. Investigating traits’ genetic background could help explain disparities in health and other life outcomes they contribute to. We describe two cohorts of the Estonian Biobank for whom, besides self- and informant-rated personality traits, detailed data are available on a wide range of measures including health behaviour, biomarkers, anthropometric measurements, and medical diagnoses and treatments. The first cohort (N[self-report] = 3,640, N[informant-report] = 3,488) filled out the NEO Personality Inventory-3 (NEO-PI-3) between 2008 and 2018. The second cohort (N[self-report] = 77,400, N[informant-report] = 21,986), collected between 2021 and 2022, responded to a large and diverse item pool called the 100 Nuances of Personality (100NP) covering the Big Five and other traits. Research opportunities include investigation of personality traits’ properties, gene discovery, prediction of health and well-being, and causal modelling. New data are added periodically through additional data collection waves and linkage with various registries and databases.
Sense of agency based on the numerical magnitude of action-outcomes
Authors: Yasuda Ryuhei , Sasaki Kyoshiro
Published: February 2024

Sense of agency (SoA) refers to the sensation that one’s actions cause changes in the environment. Studies have shown that SoA is strengthened with the speed of motion stimuli appearing as a result of pressing keys, suggesting that SoA depends on the extent of action outcomes. This study examined whether the numerical magnitude of action outcomes would also affect SoA. Experiment 1 was conducted online, where participants pressed keys and the dots were presented. Subsequently, the participants rated their SoA regarding the keypress on a 10-point scale. The results indicated that SoA was rated higher with a greater number of dots. Experiment 2 replicated this phenomenon in the laboratory and obtained similar results. Experiment 3 investigated whether a similar effect could be observed using the numerical values of a digit instead of the number of dots. The results showed that SoA was rated higher as the numerical value of the digit presented after pressing the keys increased. These results suggest that the numerical magnitude contributes to the formation of the SoA.
Exploring the Relationship between Genetic Propensity for Educational Attainment, Positive Affect, and Sleep Quality: The Mediating Role of Education
Authors: Goktas Selin Ozlem
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjective: To investigate whether genetic propensity for educational attainment is a marker of vantage sensitivity, and to explore the pathways through which genetic propensity for educational attainment might affect positive affect and sleep. Methods: Data for this study were from the Midlife in the United States Survey (MIDUS, n = 1135). A polygenic score (PGS) approach was used to index the genome-wide propensity for educational attainment. Multiple regression analyses examined interactions between polygenic propensity for educational attainment and positive affect on sleep. Pathway analysis examined relations between polygenic propensity for educational attainment, positive affect, sleep, and education. Results: The interaction between the PGS for educational attainment and positive affect predicting sleep quality was not significant (b = 0.13, 95% CI [-0.10, 0.60], p = .255, FDR-corrected p = .642). However, the effect of the PGS for educational attainment on sleep quality was partially mediated by the effect of education on positive affect (b = .008, 95% CI [.002, .014], p = .012, FDR-corrected p = .024). Conclusion: The present study extends the work on genetic propensity for education and health to affect and sleep domains. Findings suggest that people with high genetic propensity for education may exhibit distinct emotional profiles associated with higher levels of educational attainment, which partially explains why they have better sleep quality than people with low genetic propensity for education.
Ensemble clustering: A practical tutorial
Authors: Gao Caroline X. , Wang Shengqi , Zhu Ye , Ziou Myriam , Teo Shu Mei , Smith Catherine L , Chiu Derek , Talhouk Aline , Cotton Sue M. , Dwyer Dominic
Published: February 2024

Cluster analysis is an explorative analytical method, serving as a critical tool in psychology, psychiatry and related fields to map heterogeneous data into meaningful subgroups. Despite their extensive historical use, traditional clustering techniques suffer from a lack of stability, robustness, and generalisability. These issues stem from the inherent difficulties of the clustering optimization problem as well as the stochastic nature of algorithm optimizers. To address these challenges, we demonstrate the use of methods utilising ensemble learning techniques to combine clustering results from different algorithms, model specifications, and/or sampled sub-datasets to form a single, more reliable consensus of clustering solutions. We detail ensemble clustering principles, variations in base clustering generation models, and consensus methods. Detailed introductions in existing R libraries and practical examples using R code are provided to guide users in both implementing and optimising ensemble clustering models. We then include simulation studies of real-world data to demonstrate the substantial benefit of ensemble clustering compared with single-run clustering models. The resources presented here will enable researchers to apply advanced clustering techniques to decompose heterogeneous and complex psychological data into stable subgroups.
When and why does shared reality generalize?
Authors: Mahaphanit Wasita , Welker Christopher , Schmidt Helen , Chang Luke J. , Hawkins Robert
Published: February 2024

Inspired by inductive reasoning models, we test whether generalized shared reality (i.e., the sense of being on the same page) arises through probabilistic inference about latent commonalities. Using a naturalistic text-based chat paradigm, we manipulated whether conversation partners discussed a belief they shared, a belief on which their opinions differed, or a random prompt. Participants discussing shared opinions reported experiencing greater shared reality compared to those discussing differences or random topics. Moreover, participants who made broader inferences about additional beliefs they might share with their partners also reported greater shared reality. While discussing shared opinions can induce an overall greater sense of shared reality, participants discussing differences leveraged their conversation to establish shared realities about other topics. We demonstrate that shared reality can emerge in multiple ways during initial interactions, establishing a foundation for future mechanistic investigations within an inductive inference framework.
Memorials and political memory: A text analysis of online reviews
Authors: Mulderig Bethany , Carriere Kevin R , Wagoner Brady
Published: February 2024

Memorials serve a purpose far beyond their physical structure. They preserve and reinforce national and international narratives, and as such play a crucial role in the social psychological divides within political spaces. This paper explores our perceptions of these embodied divides and the role of memorials in the maintenance of political narratives. We conducted text analysis of over 158,000 online memorial reviews to explore sentiment differences between traditional and counter-memorials, and found that these memorials elicited quantitatively different reactions from visitors. We discuss the implications of these findings in the realm of contemporary political understandings and narratives. This research addresses a critical gap in understanding how physical memorials, as representations of past geopolitical events, influence public perception of political narratives in the present and future. By examining the role of memorials in the spatial and social psychological dimensions of politics, we provide novel insights and contributions to the burgeoning field of social psychology in understanding macro-level phenomena.
Evolution of the role of seconds in the codes of honour by Wladyslaw Boziewicz 1919-1927
Authors: Byczyński Marcin Jan
Published: February 2024

This article is devoted to the key persons in honour proceedings - the seconds, who were also called deputies of honour. Through a comparative analysis of Władysław Boziewicz's codes of honour, the Polish Code of Honour (1919) and the General Principles of Honourable Conduct (1927), a reconstruction will be made of the normativity of the role of seconds contained in them. This will make it possible to trace the direction of changes in Boziewicz's reflection on the essence of the course of honour proceedings, which is contained in his codifications. Thus, one of the points of his social criticism directed against the practice of honour proceedings will be revealed. The study will reveal how, in Boziewicz's reflection on honour proceedings, the role of autonomous moral reflection of honour deputies and the ethical community they represent has increased in relation to the will of their principals.
Liberal and Radical Equality of Opportunity
Authors: Grätz Michael , Sierra Alicia Garcia
Published: February 2024

Different conceptions of equality of opportunity have been developed in political philosophy. However, these conceptions have not been empirically implemented and compared. We develop an empirical framework to measure liberal and radical equality of opportunity. Both conceptions consider it unfair if ascribed characteristics such as social origin, immigrant background, race, and gender affect life chances. Liberal equality of opportunity considers it fair if abilities and individual choices affect life chances. Radical equality of opportunity only considers it fair if individual choices affect life chances. We measure liberal and radical inequality of opportunity in education, occupation, income, and wealth using survey data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY). Radical inequality of opportunity is considerably greater than liberal inequality of opportunity and even more so for education and occupation than for income and wealth. Conclusions about equality of opportunity depend on the conception of equality of opportunity. From the perspective of liberal equality of opportunity, the U.S. is a rather just society, while the nation’s degree of radical inequality of opportunity is high.
Registration and Retainment of the 2012 Cohort of Undergraduates at an Open University in Thailand: A Natural Experiment in STEM vs. Non-STEM Education?
Authors: Wichaidit Wit
Published: February 2024

INTRODUCTION: Human resource development in STEM is an important part of sustaining economic growth and avoiding the middle-income trap. Undergraduate STEM enrollment and retainment are affected by socioeconomic characteristics as well as academic issues, as well as social-psychological issues unique to STEM. Enrollment data from Ramkhamhaeng University, an open university in Thailand that offers both STEM and non-STEM four-year degrees, can offer basic information and provide insights to relevant stakeholders. The objective of this study is to present data on registration and retainment of undergraduate students at Ramkhamhaeng University in the 2012 cohort, with disaggregation by faculty, major subjects, and semester of enrollment. METHODS: The author accessed publicly available data on enrollment of Ramkhamhaeng University students in the 2012 cohort and entered the data manually in speadsheets. The author analyzed data using descriptive statistics with disaggregation by academic program and semester of enrollment. RESULTS: In the first semester of the 2012 academic year, there were a total of 41,382 students who joined the 2012 cohort of Ramkhamhaeng University. The majority of new students enrolled in either Political Science, Law, or Business Administration. Only 3% of the students enrolled in a STEM program. STEM programs also have notably lower retainment compared to non-STEM programs, with Economics being a notable exception. Programs in Western languages also experienced similarly low enrollment and retainment. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Considering Ramkhamhaeng University's flexible enrollment and academic policy, the University functions as a natural experiment in higher education. Historical data from the University also suggested that such disparities were not a new phenomenon. Caveats regarding lack of graduation data and the specific contexts of the University should be considered in the interpretation of the study findings
Genotype identification and genetic diversity of the ompA gene among Chlamydia trachomatis
Authors:   National Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 43 Trang Thi Street, Hang Bong Ward, Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Nguyen Hoa , Vu Van Du ,   National Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 43 Trang Thi Street, Hang Bong Ward, Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Nguyen Thi Nhu Quynh ,   Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung Street, Phuc La Ward, Ha Dong District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Nguyen Le Van ,   103 Military Hospital, 261 Phung Hung Street, Phuc La Ward, Ha Dong District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Do Ngoc Anh ,   Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung Street, Phuc La Ward, Ha Dong District, Hanoi, Vietnam
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to identify the distribution and analysis of genetic diversity of Chlamydia trachomatisgenotypes in infertile Vietnamese women. A total of 119 endocervical swabs were isolated from infertile women at the National Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vietnam, during the period from January 2020 to December 2021, and was diagnosed with Chlamydiatrachomatis infection. 81 sequences of the ompA gene with a size of approximately 1,100 bp were used to determine the Chlamydia trachomatis genotypes by the currently reference sequences from GenBank. Sequence analysis of the ompA gene from the 81 positive patients showed nine genotypes, including E, D/Da, F, G/Ga, J, H, K, B/Ba, and I/Ia. In that, E, D/Da, and F were most prevalent (61.74%). Genotypes E, F, and G/Ga were highly conserved, showing 100% similarity to the alternative reference sequences, whereas ompA sequences of genotypes B/Ba, D/Da, H, I/Ia, J, and K displayed from one to ten nucleotide substitutions. In total, nineteen nucleotide changes were detected, seven of which led to amino-acid substitutions. The findings of the current study showed high prevalence of the genotypes E, D/Da, and F of C. trachomatis in infertile Vietnamese women.
Expression and purification of truncated recombinant human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (trhACE2) capable of binding spike protein of SARS-CoV-2
Authors:   Ho Chi Minh City Biotechnology Center, 2374 National Highway 1A, Quarter 2 Trung My Tay Ward, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Nguyen Thi Le Thuy , Nguyen Minh Tuan ,   Ho Chi Minh City Biotechnology Center, 2374 National Highway 1A, Quarter 2 Trung My Tay Ward, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam,   Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, Ward 14, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Pham Thi Kim Tram ,   Ho Chi Minh City Biotechnology Center, 2374 National Highway 1A, Quarter 2 Trung My Tay Ward, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Nguyen Dang Quan ,   Ho Chi Minh City Biotechnology Center, 2374 National Highway 1A, Quarter 2 Trung My Tay Ward, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Published: February 2024

SARS-CoV-2 infects the host through the interaction be-tween spike protein and the ACE2 (Angiotensin convert-ing enzyme 2) receptor on the host cell surface. There-fore, ACE2 is considered as a key target in drug devel-opment against COVID-19. In this study, we generated the truncated recombinant human ACE2 (trhACE2) expressed on Escherichia coli and evaluated its binding activity to spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. The sequence of ACE2 (18-119 aa) was cloned into pET28a(+) plasmid and transformed into E. coli DH5α strain and finally was transferred to E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells for protein expression. Protein trhACE2 was purified by affinity chromatography using a HisTrap HP column. Protein purity was above 95% and production yield was 75 mg/l. The purified protein was refolded by dialysis method. trhACE2 was evaluated for its ability to bind the spike protein by sandwich ELISA assay and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The results showed that trhACE2 has the ability to bind spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 with the equilibrium dissociation constant Kd=15.7 nM. With a relatively simple and inexpensive expression and purifi-cation process on E. coli system, there is the potential to develop trhACE2 for preventive and supportive thera-pies against COVID-19.
Pollen fertility at different flowering times and its effect on seed setting of some bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) varieties in Ho Chi Minh city
Authors:   Faculty of Biological Sciences, Nong Lam University - Ho Chi Minh City, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Phan Dang Thai Phuong , Nguyen Thuy Duong ,   Faculty of Biological Sciences, Nong Lam University - Ho Chi Minh City, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Vu Van Ba ,   Research Institute for Biotechnology and Environment, Nong Lam University - Ho Chi Minh City, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Published: February 2024

In the hybridisation process, pollen grains directly participate in the process through flower pollination. Pollen grain quality determines fruit formation and seed setting. In this study, the pollen grains of the local bitter gourd variety (BD2) and F1 commercial variety were collected at 8 different flowering times (8-11h30) for fertility evaluation in the 2020 Spring-Winter crop season in Ho Chi Minh city. Self-pollinate the 2 varieties over 8-9 hours to evaluate their ability to set seeds. The obtained results indicated that the local variety (BD2) had the highest fertility pollen (61.26%) at 08:30 am and the lowest (46.22%) at 9:00 am. Meanwhile, the F1 commercial variety showed the highest fertility pollen (94.05%) at 11:30 am and the lowest (79.58%) at 8:00 am. The fertility of variety BD2 is 60.21%, resulting in 33.50 seeds per fruit in which the percentage of mature seed is 71.72%. Similarly, the commercial variety found the pollen fertility is 85.55%, resulting in 11.25 seeds per fruit in which the percentage of mature seeds is 84.90%. This information is useful for bitter gourd hybridisation.
Analysis of the mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic relationships of Mong chicken
Authors:   Key Laboratory of Animal Cell Technology, National Institute of Animal Science, 9 Tan Phong Street, Thuy Phuong Ward, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Giang Thi Thanh Nhan , Pham Thi Phuong Mai ,   Key Laboratory of Animal Cell Technology, National Institute of Animal Science, 9 Tan Phong Street, Thuy Phuong Ward, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Nguyen Van Ba ,   Key Laboratory of Animal Cell Technology, National Institute of Animal Science, 9 Tan Phong Street, Thuy Phuong Ward, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Tran Thi Thu Thuy ,   Key Laboratory of Animal Cell Technology, National Institute of Animal Science, 9 Tan Phong Street, Thuy Phuong Ward, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Nguyen Thi Quynh Chau ,   Key Laboratory of Animal Cell Technology, National Institute of Animal Science, 9 Tan Phong Street, Thuy Phuong Ward, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Tran Thi Hau ,   Key Laboratory of Animal Cell Technology, National Institute of Animal Science, 9 Tan Phong Street, Thuy Phuong Ward, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Hoang Thi Au ,   Key Laboratory of Animal Cell Technology, National Institute of Animal Science, 9 Tan Phong Street, Thuy Phuong Ward, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Nguyen Khanh Van ,   Key Laboratory of Animal Cell Technology, National Institute of Animal Science, 9 Tan Phong Street, Thuy Phuong Ward, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Luu Quang Minh ,   Ministry of Science and Technology, 113 Tran Duy Hung Street, Trung Hoa Ward, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Pham Doan Lan ,   Key Laboratory of Animal Cell Technology, National Institute of Animal Science, 9 Tan Phong Street, Thuy Phuong Ward, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam
Published: February 2024

In this study, the complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the Mong chicken and an indigenous chicken breed of Vietnam, was determined by the Sanger sequencing method, structurally analysed and used to evaluate the phylogenetic relationship with different chicken breeds. The complete nucleotide sequence data of the Mong chicken’ mitochondrial genome was registered on GenBank with the accession number OR643716. The Mong chicken’ mitochondrial genome has a size of 16785 base pair (bp) and includes 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, and one non-coding control region (D-loop). A, T, G, and C nucleotide proportions were 30.28, 23.76, 13.48, and 32.48%, respectively. Results of the analysis of phylogenetic relationships based on 33 complete mitochondrial genome sequences showed that the Mong chicken has evolutional origin from the red junglefowl subspecies Gallus gallus spadiceus. The Mong chicken is in close relationship with the Dong Tao chicken and Cao Son dwarf chicken in Vietnam, Rugao yellow chicken and Xiaoxiang chicken in China.
Identification of genetic relationships of Acacia auriculiformis clones using ISSR markers
Authors:   Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Thai Nguyen University, Quyet Thang Commune, Thai Nguyen City, Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam, Duong Van Doan , Tran Thi Thu Thao ,   Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Thai Nguyen University, Quyet Thang Commune, Thai Nguyen City, Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam, Bui Tri Thuc ,   Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Thai Nguyen University, Quyet Thang Commune, Thai Nguyen City, Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam, Nguyen Manh Tuan ,   Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Thai Nguyen University, Quyet Thang Commune, Thai Nguyen City, Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam, Nguyen Tien Dung ,   Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Thai Nguyen University, Quyet Thang Commune, Thai Nguyen City, Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam
Published: February 2024

In this study, seven clones of Acacia auriculiformis,collected in Cam Lo district, Quang Binh province were assessed for genetic diversity using 15 ISSR markers. The results showed that seven Acacia clones had an average level of genetic variation. In which, four ISSR markers including ISSR1, ISSR3, ISSR8, and ISSR15 showed higher polymorphism information content (PIC) value than the others. The results analysis indicated that 30 out of 40 DNA fragments were polymorphic (75%, PIC=0.28-0.33). The ISSR8 exhibited the highest genetic diversity index (0.33), while ISSR15 showed the lowest diversity (0.28). Seven clones of A. auriculiformis were divided into two main groups: group I comprised four clones: Clt7, Clt18, Clt19, and Clt26; group II included the remaining three clones: Clt25, Clt43, and Clt57. Genetic variation was correlated with plant growth ability. This result exhibited that the ISSR marker was an efficient tool in assessing and selecting the good genetic resource of A. auriculiformis for the forestry tree breeding program in Vietnam.
A survey on the composition and occurrence frequency of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in rhizospheric soils and roots of vegetables grown in Ho Chi Minh city
Authors:   Research Institute for Biotechnology and Environment, Nong Lam University, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Truong Phuoc Thien Hoang , Le Thi Thao Nhu ,   Faculty of Biological Sciences, Nong Lam University, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Le Hoang Phuc ,   Bio Nong Lam Limited., 428/5 National Highway 1A, Quarter 2, Tam Binh Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Tran Trong Nghia ,   Research Institute for Biotechnology and Environment, Nong Lam University, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Dao Uyen Tran Da ,   Research Institute for Biotechnology and Environment, Nong Lam University, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Published: February 2024

The study aimed to determine the presence and composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the rhizospheric soils and roots of vegetable plants (14 species of leafy vegetables) grown in Hoc Mon, Cu Chi, and Binh Chanh districts, Ho Chi Minh city. The results of the isolation of AMF spores based on the wet sieving method showed the presence of AMF in the rhizospheric soils of vegetables with an average spore density of 87.6 spores/50 g of soil. For the symbiotic ratio of AMF to the root tissues, there was no symbiosis in 4 vegetable crops, including amaranth, mustard green, leaf mustard, and bok choy. Still, there was symbiosis in the remaining 10 plants, with an average symbiotic rate of 6.6%. Identification of AMF spores based on the morphological characteristics recorded in all the soil samples appeared spore phenotypes of 5 fungal genera including Glomus, Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Scutellospora, and Sclerocystis. However, 3 morphological types were not yet identified. From the obtained results, two genera, Glomus and Acaulospora, have the highest frequency at 43.9 and 39.6%, respectively.
Antagonistic potential of actinomycete strains against Colletotrichum sp. causes anthracnose disease in durian
Authors:   College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Campus 2, 3/2 Street, Xuan Khanh Ward, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City, Vietnam, Le Minh Tuong , Le Hong Nhieu ,   Undergraduate Students Majoring in Plant Protection, Can Tho University, Campus 2, 3/2 Street, Xuan Khanh Ward, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City, Vietnam, Le Quoc Viet ,   Undergraduate Students Majoring in Plant Protection, Can Tho University, Campus 2, 3/2 Street, Xuan Khanh Ward, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City, Vietnam, Nguyen Quang Dung ,   College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Campus 2, 3/2 Street, Xuan Khanh Ward, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City, Vietnam, Nguyen Van Tap ,   People’s Committee of Binh Tan District, Tan Quoi Town, Binh Tan District, Vinh Long Province, Vietnam
Published: February 2024

The research was carried out at Can Tho University with the aim of investigating the ability of actinomycetes isolates to antagonise Colletotrichum sp. fungus causing anthracnose disease in durian. The results showed that among the 28 actinomycete strains evaluated, 6 actinomycetes including BT19, BL10, TG19, BT16, ĐT15, and VL9 had stronger antagonism with a radius of inhibition zone reaches 12.4, 9.4, 11.1, 9.8, 9.7, and 9.2 mm, respectively and antagonistic efficacy of 63.22, 58.62, 55.86, 53.56, 52.64, and 53.79%, respectively at 7 days after co-inoculation. The ability to degrade β-glucan of 6 strains BT19, BL10, TG19, BT16, DT15, and VL9 performed under laboratory conditions showed that the BT19 isolate had the highest β-glucanolytic activity with the β-glucan lyse halo radius of 8.53 mm and secreted β-glucanase content reached 0.678 IU/ml at 14 days after testing. The results of this study will be the basis for further research to contribute to finding effective methods to control anthracnose disease in durian.
Democracy in India is at Stake: Image of the Last Decade
Authors: Bhunia Nani Gopal
Published: February 2024

Indian democracy is going to step its 75 years of journey. Indian democracy is still singing even after happening many ups and downs in the country and in the world. Ours is a world largest democracy. We are really, proud of it. Democracy has a long tradition and rich history in India. That means the idea that democratic ethos and principles are not new to the Indian subcontinent. Our rich democratic heritage, sets a precedent a for promoting civic culture, political participation, and a well understanding of democratic principles among its citizens. In recent, India's G20 presidency reflects its commitment to democratic values and international cooperation. The country sets an example to promote global democratic principles. The Parliament 20 (P20) Summit in New Delhi put forwards India's rich democratic heritage and core values to the world. The inclusivity, equality, and harmony are central to Indian democracy.  But the scholars and theorists of Indian democracy come to realize that, the picture of our democracy of the last one decade is not so satisfactory. Democracy-watching organizations categorize democracies differently. They all classify India today as a “hybrid regime”—that is, neither a full democracy nor a full autocracy. And this is new one. In 2021, in view of Freedom House, India’s freedom rating is Partly Free (the only remaining category is Not Free). That same year, the Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) project India as “electoral autocracy” on its scale of closed autocracy, electoral autocracy, electoral democracy, or liberal democracy. And the Economist Intelligence Unit stated India to be “flawed democracy” on its scale of full democracy, flawed democracy, hybrid regime, and authoritarian regime. Keeping all these things in mind, in this paper, I have tried to critically examine the Indian democracy of the last one decade on the basis of a small ground level study.
Rape Crime in India: A Spatio-temporal Analysis
Authors: Jat Ramavtar , Dadhich Nimisha
Published: February 2024

Analysing crime spatiotemporally involves studying the spatial and temporal patterns of criminal incidents. It helps identify high crime areas and times, aiding law enforcement in resource allocation. Using National Crime Records Bureau's (NCRB), crime in India reports, this study analysed the spatial-temporal patterns of rape crime in India to see how incidents of rape crime are distributed in the country. Arc GIS (10.4) software was employed to map these patterns. The results shows that the spatial pattern of rape crime in India displays a picture of irregular distribution.
Ranking of electrotechnical complexes of coal mines by energy efficiency.
Authors:   Lutsk National Technical University, V.I. VOLYNETS , N.V. KOMENDA ,   Lutsk National Technical University, M.V. ROMANIUK ,   Lutsk National Technical University, I.O. BANDURA ,   Lutsk National Technical University, A.V. HADAI ,   Lutsk National Technical University
Published: February 2024

The purpose of the article is to improve the quality of the assessment of the efficiency of electricity consumption by electrotechnical complexes of coal mines due to the use of a multidimensional comparison with the application of various ranking rules. The study is devoted to the development of the organization of the assessment of the level of energy efficiency of electrotechnical complexes of coal mines. One of the main components of increasing the level of energy efficiency assessment of coal mines is the implementation of measures regarding the use and implementation of an adequate assessment of the level of their energy use. For this, it is necessary to apply such an evaluation mechanism that would allow to evaluate and analyze indicators that have an unequal effect on the efficiency of electricity use. It is relevant in this direction to determine the universal rules of the assessment procedure, which cover all the key areas of monitoring the level of energy efficiency using the ranking of coal mines. The result of ranking is a certain number of ratings by which the level of energy efficiency is assessed. Therefore, for research purposes, a procedure for evaluating the energy efficiency of electrotechnical complexes of coal mines is proposed, which is based on a multidimensional comparison of efficiency indicators through ranking according to different rules. At the same time, indicators that have the greatest impact on electricity consumption are taken into account. The ranks of coal mines according to energy efficiency have been determined. The assessment criteria were specific electricity consumption, mining and production of coal. It is shown that ranking rules make it possible to determine coal mines that are better or worse in terms of energy efficiency. It is proven that the use of the proposed energy efficiency assessment procedure ensures the reliability of management actions aimed at increasing the level of energy efficiency of the energy consumption system of electrical engineering complexes of coal mines.
Influence of load transportation speed by belt conveyor on specific energy consumption in conveyor transport.
Authors:   State Institution of Higher Education «Donetsk National Technical University», Р. BELYTSKYI
Published: February 2024

The method of work is significant to the nature and approximation of the empirical supply of feedstock energy consumption for the transport of dry waste by a string conveyor, which operates in the drains of the DolzhanskaKapitalna mine, due to the speed of transport of waste. Significant energy consumption for transporting goods is an unknown warehouse assessment of the technical level of the stitch conveyor, which is a current scientific and practical requirement. The article examines the non-linear nature of the dependence of weighted average specific energy consumption for the transportation of bulk cargo by a mine belt conveyor on the speed of cargo transportation. The function of the weighted average specific energy consumption for the transportation of bulk cargo by a belt conveyor is obtained in a theoretical way using the method of technological calculation of a mine belt conveyor. The influence of the unevenness of the cargo flow on the conveyor on the formation of weighted average specific energy consumption was carried out empirically using the results of studies of the cargo flow and the power consumption of the belt conveyor of the "Dolzhanska-Capitalna" mine, conducted in 2011 by the "Dongiprovuglemash" institute. Using the method of least squares, empirical coefficients of the approximated dependence of the weighted average specific energy consumption for the transportation of bulk cargo by a belt conveyor of a mining enterprise on the speed of cargo transportation, which has the form of a square trinomial, were obtained. The results of the work can be determined by designing the conveyor transport of mining enterprises, determining the energy intensity and technical level of the mine stitch conveyor, and clarifying the nature of the mechanical characteristics of the stitch conveyor
Prospects for the development of hydrogen energy with the possibility of recovering membranes for fuel cells after contact with hydrogen
Authors:   State Institution of Higher Education «Donetsk National Technical University», O. LIUBYMENKO
Published: February 2024

The prospects for the development of hydrogen energy and the influence of temperature on the change in the shape of the membrane for fuel cells in contact with hydrogen have been studied. It has been confirmed that the change in the shape of the plate from the α-PdHn gradient alloy develops in two stages. The experimental regularities of the change in the shape of the palladium membrane during operation in a hydrogen environment were investigated. It was determined that upon contact with hydrogen, a temporary gradient material "metal-hydrogen" is formed in the membrane, which causes the development of hydrogen concentration stresses, and the maximum change in the shape of the membrane, which occurs at a constant temperature, depends on the diffusion coefficient and the equilibrium solubility of hydrogen in palladium. However, when the temperature changes, the diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in palladium and the equilibrium concentration of hydrogen in palladium also change, which affects the temperature dependence of the final shape change of the membrane. This fact makes it possible to effectively plan and determine the time of hydrogen penetration into the membrane, control the change of shape and adjust the operating modes of the fuel cell. It is the equilibrium solubility of hydrogen in palladium and its diffusion coefficient when the temperature changes in the main that determine the maximum and final change in the shape of the membrane, and the temperature determines the fluctuation of the change in the shape of the membrane when the temperature of the hydrogen flow entering the chamber changes. Thus, the complete return of the membrane to its initial state at increased temperature clearly indicates the implementation of a coherent membrane bending mechanism. Upon completion of hydrogen saturation by the coherent mechanism under the conditions of reaching equilibrium with the gas phase, the original palladium membrane turns out to be transformed into a membrane of the equilibrium alloy α-PdHnо, which inherits the initial state of a pure palladium membrane. Therefore, to model the hydrogen penetration process in the fuel cell, it is necessary to know the gas flow rate, membrane permeability and gas temperature, as well as the diagram of the fuel cell where these processes take place. At the same time, scientists still hope for the future development of hydrogen energy, despite the existing difficulties. This requires additional research and development of new technologies to remove obstacles to the transition to hydrogen as a primary energy source
Overview of the principles of selectivity of protections in the distribution networks of consumers with voltage 0.4 kV.
Authors:   Lutsk National Technical University, A. HADAI , I. BANDURA ,   Lutsk National Technical University, M. ROMANYUK ,   Lutsk National Technical University, N. KOMENDA ,   Lutsk National Technical University, V. VOLYNETS ,   Lutsk National Technical University
Published: February 2024

The analysis of existing principles of selectivity indicates the complexity and incompleteness of ensuring the coordination of the operation of protection devices in distribution networks of 0.4 kV consumers. Current selectivity is ensured only in the area of action of short-circuit currents. To ensure it, electromagnetic or electronic decouplers with a constant deceleration setting are required. This type of disconnectors is used to perform time selectivity and limit the thermal impact of short-circuit currents on the electrical installation and device. The use of devices with "pseudo-time" selectivity ensures the selectivity of the operation of automatic switches in the area of short-circuit currents. Selectivity "SELLIM" is provided with a speed of 0.01 s, but it is possible only in automatic circuit breakers "Schneider Electric". Logical selectivity requires a communication channel between switching devices and the presence of circuit breakers with appropriate communication ports. It is easiest to ensure selectivity by using switches from the same manufacturer using selectivity tables. But such a solution is not always found in practice. The method of energy selectivity allows, taking into account the ratio between ratings, to implement either partial selectivity or full selectivity up to the limit of the breaking capacity of automatic switches. To ensure energy selectivity between two or more current-limiting devices, it must be taken into account that depending on the location of the short circuit, a different number of circuit breakers will be involved in limiting the emergency current, and therefore, the value of the limited current will also be different. By using circuit breakers with a high level of current limitation and a tripping speed that is inversely related to the short-circuit current, full selectivity can be provided at several levels of the network. This makes it possible to simplify the analysis of selectivity, minimize electrodynamic and thermal effects and reduce the level of voltage drop due to the action of a short circuit. Improvement of electrical installation protection systems makes it possible to design power supply systems without excessive reserves of electrical equipment overload, which reduces their cost, dimensions and weight. On the other hand, in the event of malfunctions in the operation of electrical equipment, this limits emergency currents and prevents failure of the undamaged part of the electrical installation, which significantly reduces downtime. Key words: selectivity, relay protection devices, circuit breakers, electrical devices, 0.4 kV network.
Efficient Ion-Exchange Resin Catalysts for the Liquid-Phase Selective Hydrazinolysis of Succinic Acid
Authors: Dzhumadullaeva Sveta A. , Baeshov Abduali B.
Published: February 2024

Dicarboxylic acid dihydrazides are widely used as pharmaceutical intermediates, plant growth regulators, water-based coating additives, epoxy crosslinking agents. Dihydrazides are prepared by adding hydrazine hydrate to an acid halides and diesters. In this work the hydrazinolysis of succinic acid was studied using various ion exchange resins as catalysts, and the optimum conditions and the reaction mechanism were identified. Analysis of the initial reagents and the target product were performed out using photocolorimetric and IR spectroscopic methods, the composition of the target product was determined by elemental analysis. Hydrazinolysis of succinic acid were performed in aqueous medium in the temperature 90 °C for 3 h. Succinic acid conversion was 82–95 %, and the succiniyldihydrazide yield 61–93 %. It has been shown the efficient catalysts for the hydrazinolysis of succinic acid are AV-17-8, AN-31 and AN-1 anion exchangers. The highest succinyldihydrazide yield (93 %) was obtained with anion exchanger AV-17-8. On the basis of IR spectroscopic studies, a plausible process mechanism was suggested. A probable mechanism of the process with the formation of supramolecular complexes with the participation of substrates and fixed polymer-bound quaternary ammonium and hydroxyl ions of the anion exchanger was proposed. Thus, the most efficient method of succinic acid dihydrazide preparation has been proposed in comparison with known methods.
PERILAKU MASYARAKAT TERHADAP ANAK YANG ORANG TUANYA BERCERAI DI KELURAHAN OLO NANGGALO PADANG"
Authors: Wati Erlinda , Fitriani Wahidah , Fitriani Wahidah
Published: February 2024

Banyaknya permasalahan yang terjadi di masyarakat terhadap keluarga bercerai, perlu mendapat bimbingan dan saran dari konselor masyarakat. Bimbingan dan Konseling bukan saja pada pendidikan formal, namun Bimbingan dan Konseling dapat dimanfaatkan pada lingkungan sosial masyaraka. Sehingga peneliti tertarik untuk mengungkap bagaimana perilaku masyarakat terhadap anak yang orang tuanya bercerai. Penelitian ini berbentuk deskriptif dengan populasi seluruh masyarakat kelurahan olo nanggalo padang. Sampel penelitian ini terdiri dari 50 orang masyarakat yang berada di dekat lingkungan keluarga bercerai. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan purposive random sampling. Alat yang di gunakan dalam pengumpulan data adalah angket. Hasil yang di peroleh dari penelitian ini terlihat bahwa bentuk perilaku masyarakat terhadap anak yang orang tua bercerai secara umum adalah 52 %  di kategorikan baik, bentuk perilaku masyarakat yang tertutup 60 % di kategorikan cukup baik, perilaku masyaraka yang terbuk 52 % di kategorikan baik. Selanjutnya factor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku masyarakat terhadap orang tua yang anak bercerai secara 66 % di kategorikan baik dan factor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku masyarakat terhadap anak yang orang ruanya bercerai pada pembawaan 58 % cukup baik, 74 % pada sikap kategori baik, pada norma sosial 76% di kategorikan baik dan control perilaku baik 50 % di kategorikan cukup baik. Hasil penelitian menyatkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku masyarakat terhadap anak yang orang tuanya bercerai secara umum dikategorikan cukup baik. Pada pembawaan dikategorikan cukup baik, selanjutnya pada sikap dan norma sosial dikategorikan baik, seterusnya pada kontrol perilaku dikategorikan cukup baik.
EFEKTIVITAS KONSELING SEBAYA TERHADAP PERUBAHAN PENGETAHUAN DAN ASUPAN ENERGI PADA REMAJA
Authors: Masri Erina , Khusna Milati
Published: February 2024

Permasalahan gizi yang terjadi saat usia remaja 10-19 tahun salah satunya yaitu ketidakseimbangan antara Asupan makanan dengan kebutuhan. Penyebab masalah gizi pada remaja diantaranya kurangnya Informasi atau pengetahuan tentang gizi seimbang. Upaya yang dilakukan dengan mengembangkan Konseling Sebaya (Peer Counseling), dengan konseling sebaya yang sudah diberikan pelatihan dan keterampilan konseling mampu mengatasi masalah teman sebayanya khususnya yang berhubungan dengan masalah gizi seimbang pada remaja. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Efektivitas Konseling Sebaya Terhadap Perubahan Pengetahuan dan Asupan Energi Remaja. Jenis penelitian adalah Quasi Eksperiment dengan one group Pretest – Postest non equivalent control group design. Sampel 56 remaja yang di tentukan dengan teknik Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling analisa data menggunakan  paired sample t test. Hasil penelitian menunjukan tingkat pengetahuan remaja pre-test 60 meningkat menjadi 70,8 saat post-test dan diperkuat dengan hasil paired t-test pengetahuan p=0,000 (p-value < 0,05) sehingga adanya pengaruh konseling sebaya terhadap perubahan pengetahuan tentang gizi seimbang dan pada remaja perempuan usia 10-12 dan laki-laki usia 10-12 dan 13- 15 tidak terdapat pengaruh konseling sebaya terhadap asupan energi (p-value > 0,05) sedangkan pada remaja perempuan usia 13 – 15 tahun terdapat pengaruh konseling sebaya terhadap asupan energi yang mana di perkuat dengan hasil paired t-test  (p-value < 0,05). Kesimpulan konseling sebaya efektif  dalam peningkatan pengetahuan dan asupan energi remaja perempuan dibandingkan laki-laki.
TINGKAT SELF REGULATED LEARNING SISWA KELAS X SMA NEGERI 14 SEMARANG
Authors: Khoirunnisa Siti , Rakhmawati Dini , Mustianah Mustianah
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui tingkat self regulated learning siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 14 Semarang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode skala dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian 323 siswa kelas X dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan probability sampling dengan cara simple random sampling. Hasil penelitian tingkat self regulated learning siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 14 Semarang menunjukan rata-rata pada kategori sedang dengana presentase 62,3%, rendah 17,4%, dan tinggi pada presentase 20,2%.