bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computer-aided molecular modeling and structural analysis of the human centromere protein–HIKM complex
Authors: Uzoeto Henrietta Onyinye , Cosmas Samuel , Ajima Judith Nnedimkpa , Arazu Amarachukwu Vivian , Didiugwu Chizoba Maryann , Ekpo Daniel Emmanuel , Ibiang Glory Omini , Durojaye Olanrewaju Ayodeji
Published: August 2022

Background

Protein–peptide and protein–protein interactions play an essential role in different functional and structural cellular organizational aspects. While Cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography generate the most complete structural characterization, most biological interactions exist in biomolecular complexes that are neither compliant nor responsive to direct experimental analysis. The development of computational docking approaches is therefore necessary. This starts from component protein structures to the prediction of their complexes, preferentially with precision close to complex structures generated by X-ray crystallography.

Results

To guarantee faithful chromosomal segregation, there must be a proper assembling of the kinetochore (a protein complex with multiple subunits) at the centromere during the process of cell division. As an important member of the inner kinetochore, defects in any of the subunits making up the CENP-HIKM complex lead to kinetochore dysfunction and an eventual chromosomal mis-segregation and cell death. Previous studies in an attempt to understand the assembly and mechanism devised by the CENP-HIKM in promoting the functionality of the kinetochore have reconstituted the protein complex from different organisms including fungi and yeast. Here, we present a detailed computational model of the physical interactions that exist between each component of the human CENP-HIKM, while validating each modeled structure using orthologs with existing crystal structures from the protein data bank.

Conclusions

Results from this study substantiate the existing hypothesis that the human CENP-HIK complex shares a similar architecture with its fungal and yeast orthologs, and likewise validate the binding mode of CENP-M to the C-terminus of the human CENP-I based on existing experimental reports.

Graphical abstract
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Ameliorative effects of Artemisia and Echinacea extracts against hepato and cardiotoxicity induced by DMBA on albino rats: experimental and molecular docking analyses
Authors: salah Ebtihal , El esh Heba , Abdel-Reheim Eman S. , Abdul-Hamid Manal
Published: August 2022

Background

Herbal therapy for healing disease has many advantages than drugs. This study investigates the protective efficacy of Artemisia annua (Art) and Echinacea pupurea (Ech) extracts against 7, 12-dimethylbenz (α) anthracene (DMBA) toxicity.

Results

DMBA-treated rats showed a significant increase in the level of serum ALT, AST, LDH and CKMB, also reduction in body weight gain (BWG) ℅, HB, WBCs, RBCs and platelet counts, in addition to histopathological and ultrastructural alterations. Rats treated with Art or Ech after DMBA showed little improvements in the biochemical, hematological, histopathological, ultrastructural and molecular docking results than before DMBA.

Conclusions

This study suggested the ameliorative effect of Ech and Art due to their antioxidant properties, but Ech and Art were more effective if they are given before than after DMBA administration and the marked effect against DMBA toxicity with Ech before DMBA exposure. Also, the molecular docking, molecular properties descriptors, and pharmacoinformatic studies of constituents of extract from Artemisia annua L. and Echinacea purpurea L. exhibited that all studied compounds have better ADMET and physicochemical properties, especially compounds extract from Echinacea purpurea L.

Graphical Abstract
Conditional simulation of non-stationary spatially variable ground motions for long-span bridges across non-uniform site conditions
Authors: Lu Jubin , Hu Liang , Xia Zili , Zhu Songye
Published: August 2022

Non-stationary spatially variable ground motions (SVGMs) are commonly modelled as multivariate oscillatory processes based on evolutionary power spectral density (EPSD) functions. The existing conditional simulation algorithms require the known EPSD functions. The EPSD functions are usually assumed to be identical for all locations, which is unreasonable for long-span bridges because variable soil conditions are practically observed at different bridge piers. This paper proposes a conditional simulation algorithm for non-stationary SVGMs in consideration of non-uniform site conditions. The spatial interpolation tool, termed inverse-distance-weighted (IDW) interpolation, is introduced to estimate the EPSD functions at sites without ground motion measurement. Subsequently, the covariance matrix of the random Fourier coefficients of the multivariate oscillatory processes can be calculated. The Kriging estimation is adopted to obtain the unknown random Fourier coefficients, from which the time histories of the non-stationary SVGMs can be conditionally simulated. The proposed conditional simulation algorithm is first validated through a numerical example, in which the EPSD functions of non-uniform sites are represented by a non-stationary Kanai-Tajimi spectrum with different soil parameters. Then, the algorithm is applied to the Jiuzhou Channel Bridge, a navigation channel bridge of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge (HZMB), with complex soil and water conditions. Based on the limited in-situ seismic measurement data, the site characteristics in the bridge area are analysed, and the ground motion time histories at all piers can be generated.
Numerical calculation of temperature, velocity, and species concentration distributions in a hot filament chemical vapor deposition in a reactor using a CH4/H2 mixture
Authors: Khelef Nour , Khelfaoui Fethi , Babahani Oumelkheir
Published: August 2022

This study is a numerical modeling of transport phenomena occurring in the reaction chamber during diamond or amorphous hydrogenated carbon films growth by a hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) technique. A two-dimensional model was adopted to study the HFCVD reactor. The equations of heat, momentum, and mass transfer were solved numerically; the simulation was performed using a program in FORTRAN language. All temperature, velocity, and species concentration distributions were similar at the filaments and they were also similar between the filaments. The results show that the gas temperature increases when the number of filaments increases from three to four filaments. We also noted an increase in the production of CH3 and C2H5 radicals near the surface; there was also an increase in the growth rate of the thin film. The concentrations of C2H6, C2H4, and C2H5 were very high. Temperature and concentrations were affected by the distance between filaments and the distance filaments-substrates.
Objective Impact of Hematology-Oncology Hospitalist Care in an Inpatient Setting
Authors: Fanucci Kristina A. , Yang Andrew , Chambers Alison , Dizon Don , Safran Howard , Niroula Rabin
Published: August 2022

PURPOSE:

The utilization of the hospitalist care model has increased over the past decade because of improved cost-effectiveness, quality of care, and value that it provides. Studies have shown that compared with the traditional care model, use of hospitalists provides cost-saving and improved value to hospital systems. However, the data for the use of oncology hospitalists (ONC Hosp) are sparse. In this study, we investigate the impact of inpatient ONC Hosp on 30-day readmissions, length of stay (LOS), discharge to hospice, and inpatient mortality when compared with a traditional model where outpatient oncologists manage the acute issues of hospitalized patients with cancer.

METHODS:

Rhode Island Hospital hired ONC Hosps to attend on the inpatient oncology service. To determine the impact of this new patient care model, we performed a retrospective review of oncology patients admitted to Rhode Island Hospital between July 1, 2012, and June 30, 2018, and compared quality outcomes of 30-day readmission, LOS, discharge to hospice, and inpatient mortality to those from the traditional care model.

RESULTS:

Compared with outpatient oncologists care, care by ONC Hosp was associated with a significant decrease in 30-day readmissions (23.0% v 29.6%, P = .019) and a significant increase in discharge to hospice (18.1% v 12.1%, P < .001). No significant difference was detected between LOS ( P = .833) or inpatient mortality ( P = .332).

CONCLUSION:

This study shows that compared with the traditional care model, the use of ONC Hosps has a positive impact on patient care and the potential to add value to the hospital system.
Characterization of 2 Different Prothrombin Complex Concentrates by Different Hemostatic Assays in an In Vitro Hemodilution Model
Authors: Infanger Lukas , Hirschmann Jörg , Schaden Eva , Ulbing Stefan , Pesce Marco-Valerio , Scharner Vincenz , Gratz Johannes
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:

Viscoelastically guided coagulation factor concentrate-based algorithms for the treatment of trauma-induced coagulopathy include the administration of prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs). However, the exact role of PCC preparations in this context is a matter of debate. Particularly, the ideal diagnostic trigger for their administration and potential differences between heparin-containing and heparin-free preparations remain unclear. We investigated the hypothesis that 2 different PCCs might have distinct influences on in vitro blood coagulation.

METHODS:

We conducted a direct comparison of 2 commercially available PCC preparations (the heparin-containing Beriplex P/N and the heparin-free Cofact) in an in vitro hemodilution model. Sole fibrinogen substitution served as the control group. To characterize the hemostatic changes, we utilized conventional coagulation tests, a thrombin generation assay (TGA), and 2 different viscoelastic hemostatic assays (VHAs; ROTEM delta and ClotPro).

RESULTS:

Irrespective of the diagnostic assay used, no significant differences between the 2 PCC groups were observed. Fibrinogen levels remained stable from the baseline throughout every dilution level. The control group already showed an increased endogenous thrombin potential (ETP; nM·L−1·min−
1) at all dilution levels compared to baseline (baseline, 2829.4 (432.8); 40% dilution, 4211.7 (391.6); 60% dilution, 4290.9 (300.8); 80% dilution, 3861.4 (303.5); all P < .001). Spiking with both PCC preparations led to a further-pronounced thrombin elevation in comparison to the control group (ETP at 40% dilution, PCC1: 4913.3 [370.2], PCC2: 4988.1 [265.7]; 60% dilution, PCC1: 5174.5 [234.7], PCC2: 5390.4 [334.9]; 80% dilution, PCC1: 5253.8 [357.9], PCC2: 5392.6 [313.4]; all P < .001). Conventional coagulation tests did not mirror the TGA results. Despite increased thrombin generation, prothrombin time was significantly prolonged at all dilution levels for the control group, and both PCC groups exhibited significant prolongations at the 60% and 80% dilution levels (all P < .001) compared to baseline. Similarly, VHA did not depict the thrombin elevation. Furthermore, descriptive analyses revealed relevant differences between the 2 VHA devices, particularly at baseline.

CONCLUSIONS:

Both PCC preparations (ie, irrespective of heparin content) induced significant elevation of thrombin generation, which was not depicted by conventional coagulation tests or VHA. Our in vitro results suggest that diagnostic assays routinely used to guide PCC administration might not adequately reflect thrombin generation in bleeding patients.
Evaluation of Open Access Websites for Anesthesia Education
Authors: Evans Faye M. , Krotinger Anna A. , Lilaonitkul Maytinee , Khaled Hiba F. , Pereira Gretchen A. , Staffa Steven J. , Wolbrink Traci A.
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:

While the prevalence of free, open access medical education resources for health professionals has expanded over the past 10 years, many educational resources for health care professionals are not publicly available or require fees for access. This lack of open access creates global inequities in the availability and sharing of information and may have the most significant impact on health care providers with the greatest need. The extent of open access online educational websites aimed for clinicians and trainees in anesthesiology worldwide is unknown. In this study, we aimed to identify and evaluate the quality of websites designed to provide open access educational resources for anesthesia trainees and clinicians.

METHODS:

A PubMed search of articles published between 2009 and 2020, and a Startpage search engine web search was conducted in May 2021 to identify websites using the following inclusion criteria: (1) contain educational content relevant for anesthesia providers or trainees, (2) offer content free of charge, and (3) are written in the English language. Websites were each scored by 2 independent reviewers using a website quality evaluation tool with previous validity evidence that was modified for anesthesia (the Anesthesia Medical Education Website Quality Evaluation Tool).

RESULTS:

Seventy-five articles and 175 websites were identified; 37 websites met inclusion criteria. The most common types of educational content contained in the websites included videos (66%, 25/37), text-based resources (51%, 19/37), podcasts (35%, 13/37), and interactive learning resources (32%, 12/37). Few websites described an editorial review process (24%, 9/37) or included opportunities for active engagement or interaction by learners (30%,11/37). Scores by tertile differed significantly across multiple domains, including disclosure of author/webmaster/website institution; description of an editorial review process; relevancy to residents, fellows, and faculty; comprehensiveness; accuracy; disclosure of content creation or revision; ease of access to information; interactivity; clear and professional presentation of information; and links to external information.

CONCLUSIONS:

We found 37 open access websites for anesthesia education available on the Internet. Many of these websites may serve as a valuable resource for anesthesia clinicians looking for self-directed learning resources and for educators seeking to curate resources into thoughtfully integrated learning experiences. Ongoing efforts are needed to expand the number and improve the existing open access websites, especially with interactivity, to support the education and training of anesthesia providers in even the most resource-limited areas of the world. Our findings may provide recommendations for those educators and organizations seeking to fill this needed gap to create new high-quality educational websites.
On Perspective and Value: Black Urbanism, Black Interiors, and Public Housing Fiction
Authors: Rudds Crystal S.
Published: August 2022

This essay seeks to expand the genre of black literary urbanism by examining Frank London Brown’s Trumbull Park (1959) and Jasmon Drain’s Stateway’s Garden (2020) as literary bookends of public housing history in the United States. The essay argues that public housing fiction is an understudied subgenre of the black urban narrative that, when surveyed for its historical context, phenomenological perspectives, and diverse literary style, widens literary urbanism’s representation of the structure of feeling within and regarding the built environment of urban space. In addition, this piece works through Elizabeth Alexander’s construct of “the black interior” to explore the ways in which public housing residents might valorize their environs apart from sociological and racialized discourses. Thinking through public housing fiction as an extension of the black urban narrative helps to demystify the nuances of urban spatiality and the range of socioeconomics that propel modern cities.
‘Science by consensus’ impedes scientific creativity and progress: An alternative to funding biomedical research
Authors: Düzgüneş Nejat
Published: August 2022

The very low success rates of grant applications to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the National Science Foundation (NSF) are highly detrimental to the progress of science and the careers of scientists. The peer review process that evaluates proposals has been claimed arbitrarily to be the best there is. This consensus system, however, has never been evaluated scientifically against an alternative. Here we delineate the 15 major problems with the peer review process, and challenge the Science Advisor to the President, and the leadership of NIH, NSF, and the U.S. Academy of Sciences to refute each of these criticisms. We call for the implementation of more equitable alternatives that will not constrain the progress of science. We propose a system that will fund 80,000 principal investigators, including young scientists, with just half the current NIH budget, three-fold more than the current number of grants, and that will forego the cumbersome, expensive, and counterproductive peer review stage. Further, we propose that the success of the two methods over 5–10 years be compared scientifically.
Revisiting kinship in contemporary West African societies: The case of role-relationship
Authors: Layefa Goodluck , Ezenagu Ngozi , Esoso-Agbor Julianah
Published: August 2022

The extended family is a system that promotes cohesion, togetherness, cooperation and support amongst its members. It has been a cherished tradition in most African societies from pre-colonial era to present period. The existence of this family system accounts for the longevity of ancestral traditions and heritage which is the bedrock and sustenance of most African societies. However, with the adoption of western culture, the effects of global economic meltdown and impacts of inter and intra ethnic conflicts threatens this cherished extended family tradition.. This paper explores the role relationship in kinship in selected West African societies. It adopts an exploratory approach; drawing largely from secondary data. This study posits that role relationship in kinship is an indispensable tie among Africans especially in the western region. Also most of its tenets have become resilient in solidifying the nationhood of most African societies despite acculturation. The paper concludes that notwithstanding the relative influence of modernity and urbanisation, African societies can, through embracing modern technology maintain its extended family ties even if spread over a wide geographical area.
The genome sequence of the scotch argus butterfly, Erebia aethiops (Esper, 1777)
Authors: Lohse Oskar , Lohse Konrad ,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective, Augustijnen Hannah , Lucek Kay ,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: August 2022

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Erebia aethiops (the scotch argus; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Nymphalidae). The genome sequence is 473 megabases in span. The complete assembly is scaffolded into 20 chromosomal pseudomolecules, with the W and Z sex chromosomes assembled. The complete mitochondrial genome was also assembled and is 15.2 kilobases in length.
Effectiveness of seasonal malaria chemoprevention administered in a mass campaign in the Kedougou region of Senegal in 2016: a case-control study
Authors: Manga Isaac Akhenaton , Tairou Fassiatou , Seck Amadou , Kouevidjin Ekoue , Sylla Khadime , Sow Doudou , Gueye Alioune Babara , Ba Mady , Ndiaye Magatte , Tine Roger Clément Kouly , Gaye Omar , Faye Babacar , Ndiaye Jean Louis Abdourahim
Published: August 2022

Background: Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine (SPAQ) is a malaria prevention strategy recommended since 2012 by the World Health Organization (WHO) for children under 5 years. In Senegal, the scaling up of SMC started in 2013 in the south-eastern regions of the country with an extension of the target to 10 years old children. The scaling up of SMC requires regular evaluation of the strategy as recommended by the WHO. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of SMC.

Methods: A case-control study was conducted in some villages of the health districts of Saraya and Kedougou in the Kedougou region from July to December 2016. A case was a sick child, aged 3 months to 10 years, seen in consultation and with a positive malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT). The control was a child of the same age group with a negative RDT and living in the same compound as the case or in a neighbouring compound. Each case was matched with two controls. Exposure to SMC was assessed by interviewing the mothers/caretakers and by checking the SMC administration card.

Results: Overall, 492 children, including 164 cases and 328 controls, were recruited in our study. Their mean ages were 5.32 (+/- 2.15) and 4.44 (+/-2.25) years for cases and controls, respectively. The number of boys was higher in both cases (55.49%; CI 95%=47.54-63.24%) and controls (51,22%; CI 95%=45.83-56.58%). Net ownership was 85.80% among cases and 90.85% among controls (p=0,053). The proportion of controls who received SMC was higher than that of cases (98.17% vs 85.98% and p=1.10-7). The protective effectiveness of SMC was 89% (OR= 0.12 (CI 95%=0.04-0.28)).

Conclusions: SMC is an effective strategy in the control of malaria in children. Case-control studies are a good approach for monitoring the efficacy of drugs administered during SMC.
System Foundations of the Theory of Long-Term Technical and Economic Development
Authors: Basovskiy Leonid , Basovskaya Elena
Published: August 2022

Modern ideas of the theory of long-term technical and economic development and evolutionary economics are systematically criticized, since the models created on their basis do not provide predictive capabilities even in predicting deep economic cri-ses. Based on the general approach to systems theory formulated by N. Wiener, the pe-riodization of Kondratiev cycles, the provisions of the history of the economy, the histo-ry and theory of automated control systems, the ideas of technological structures are deepened. The first, second, third and fourth technological modes ensured the growth of labor productivity due to an increase in material intensity, energy intensity and capital intensity of production based on an increase in the scale of obtaining and using scientific and technical information. The improvement of production was carried out through its mechanization, the replacement of human labor by the work of machines, including the simplest control systems, which were later replaced by automatic lines. The fifth and sixth technological modes ensured the growth of labor productivity with a simultaneous reduction in material intensity, energy intensity and capital intensity of production on the basis of an increase in the scale of obtaining and using scientific and technical in-formation. The improvement of production was carried out by replacing automatic lines with flexible automated production, then by creating automated intelligently controlled automated systems.
Theoretical Aspects of Maintaining the Economic Security of the State in Modern Conditions
Authors: Potashova Irina , Giriychuk Dmitry
Published: August 2022

The change in the general consciousness of society predetermines new approaches to ensuring security, deepens its content and the most important components. At the present stage, the role of economic science in working out the conceptual foundations of economic security is noticeably increasing. The problems of manifestations and identification of existing threats, the search for effective tools and methods for neutralizing or eliminating them come to the fore in the field of economic security from the point of view of its scientific justification. Ensuring the economic security of the state is a guarantee of its independence, a condition for sustainable development, as well as a prerequisite for improving the welfare of all sectors of society. This thesis is confirmed by the experience of European countries in the formation of economic security. Given this, the protection of economic interests is included in the list of the most important national priorities [2]. In this regard, the article analyzes the content of economic security and its subsystems, considers the classification of internal and external threats, methodological approaches to solving the problem of determining indicators of the state of macroeconomic security. Considering the definitions of "economic security" in the interpretation of Western experts, the authors propose their own classification of this category. The establishment of basic standards and indicators of economic security plays an important role, therefore, in the study, the authors of the article develop criteria for determining the level of ensuring the country's economic security.
Visual Management Tools for Training Personnel and Improving the Efficiency of the Enterprise
Authors: Ancev Vitaliy , Vitchuk Natal'ya
Published: August 2022

The article discusses the sequence and content of the stages of the introduction of lean manufacturing tools and visual management in order to adapt them to domestic enterprises. A typical sequence of stages of implementation of the visual management system at the enterprise is given. The main disadvantages of its implementation at Russian enterprises are listed. A modified sequence of stages of the introduction of visual management tools is proposed, taking into account the specifics of domestic enterprises with a detailed description of each stage. A dynamic model of personnel training is proposed for use as part of the implementation of the stage of creating conditions for the introduction of visual management tools. The approximate composition of competencies and the scale of their assessment for conducting an expert assessment of the level of development of competencies of each employee has been determined. The efficiency indicators of the introduction of lean production tools, in particular, visual management tools, which best demonstrate for employees the economic feasibility of the proposed solutions for the introduction of lean production tools, are substantiated. It is shown that the implementation of the proposed sequence of stages will allow: to prepare employees of enterprises in a timely manner for the expected changes; to endow employees with the appropriate competencies to put forward effective proposals for the further development and implementation of lean production tools; to increase employees' awareness of the need, relevance and effectiveness of the proposed changes based on understandable performance indicators determined for each specific division of the enterprise.
Leadership and Productivity: A Study of U.S. Automobile Assembly Plants
Authors: Giardili Soledad , Ramdas Kamalini , Williams Jonathan W.
Published: August 2022

We examine the effect of plant managers on productivity using unique matched manager-plant panel data on U.S. auto-assembly plants during 1993–2007. Our econometric approach is two-pronged. Our first approach relies on using the panel nature of our data to measure variation in productivity due to managerial influence. We estimate the interquartile range of the effect of individual plant managers on average hours-per-vehicle to be about 30%. Further, we find that plant managers’ experience with the models that are in production ameliorates the negative impact of new model introductions on productivity. We also observe evidence that managers’ plant-specific tenure has a positive impact on productivity. In our second approach, we use high-frequency time-series data, along with structural-break tests and machine-learning methodologies, to predict variation in production using plant-manager switches. We find that a plant manager’s identity is predictive of changes in both the mean and variance of production, further highlighting their channels of managerial influence. These findings are robust to narrowing the sample to focus on retirements as an exogenous source of managerial switches.

This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4427 .
Multiobjective Optimization for Politically Fair Districting: A Scalable Multilevel Approach
Authors: Swamy Rahul , King Douglas M. , Jacobson Sheldon H.
Published: August 2022

Gerrymandering has been a fundamental issue in American democracy for more than two centuries, with significant implications for electoral representation. Traditional optimization models for political districting primarily model nonpolitical fairness metrics such as the compactness of districts. In “Multiobjective Optimization for Politically Fair Districting: A Scalable Multilevel Approach,” Swamy, King, and Jacobson propose optimization models that explicitly incorporate political fairness objectives using political data from past elections. These objectives model fundamental fairness principles such as vote-seat proportionality (efficiency gap), partisan (a)symmetry, and competitiveness. They propose a solution strategy, called the multilevel algorithm, that solves large instances of the problem using a series of matching-based graph contractions. A case study on congressional districting in Wisconsin demonstrates that district plans balance the interests of the voters and the political parties.
Cardiovascular imaging techniques for the assessment of coronary artery disease
Authors: Ahmed Raheel , Carver Caleb , Foley James RJ , Fent Graham J , Garg Pankaj , Ripley David P
Published: August 2022

Coronary artery disease continues to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent clinical trials have not demonstrated any mortality benefit of percutaneous coronary intervention compared to medical management alone in the treatment of stable angina. While invasive coronary angiography remains the gold standard for diagnosing coronary artery disease, it comes with significant risks, including myocardial infarction, stroke and death. There have been significant advances in imaging techniques to diagnose coronary artery disease in haemodynamically stable patients. The latest National Institute for Health and Care Excellence and European College of Cardiology guidelines emphasise the importance of using these imaging techniques first to inform diagnosis. This review discusses these guidelines and imaging techniques, alongside their benefits and drawbacks.
Latest clinical research
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: August 2022

The latest studies of interest to primary care clinicians rounded up by Mark Greener
Developing inclusive, diverse and collaborative social work education and practice in Australia
Authors: Afrouz Rojan
Published: August 2022

The Australian social work accrediting body has set diversity as an agenda for education and practice. Universities and the social work field have also attempted to adhere to principles of diversity. However, despite progressive approaches and improvement, diversity has been challenged by the whiteness of Australian social work and the neoliberal agenda across both workplaces and universities. The dominant narrative of Australian social work still reflects Western values, power and privileges. This article argues that embracing diversity in social work education needs the ongoing adoption of critical pedagogy, including critical theories, and maintaining inclusiveness for diverse students. Social work practice settings also need progressive approaches to include diverse groups of marginalised people, a commitment to diversity and support for social workers to develop cultural competency and humility. Transnational relationships within different countries and nations can help social work move from ethnocentrism to multiculturalism.
Experimental demonstration of a local active phase compensation method for a phase encoding quantum key distribution system
Authors: Zhang Yue , Yin Junyue , Zhao Huiqing , Wang Jindong , Ma Ruili , Liu Zihao , Wei Jiahao , Yu Yafei , Wei Zhengjun , Zhang Zhiming
Published: August 2022

An efficient phase stabilization method is required in quantum key distribution (QKD) systems for stability in practical applications. The existing active phase compensation method has limitations in multi-node network applications, especially in network-scale applications based on measurement-device-independent QKD systems. In this study, we propose a local active phase compensation scheme that can realize phase compensation independently for each interferometer node. We performed experimental demonstrations in the BB84 phase encoding system based on a Faraday–Michelson interferometer. The average QBER rates of the system under two different forms of the reference light were found to be 1.9% and 1.6%. This scheme can also be applied to other QKD systems and has potential for application in future quantum communication networks.
JR2net: a joint non-linear representation and recovery network for compressive spectral imaging
Authors: Monroy Brayan , Bacca Jorge , Arguello Henry
Published: August 2022

Deep learning models are state-of-the-art in compressive spectral imaging (CSI) recovery. These methods use a deep neural network (DNN) as an image generator to learn non-linear mapping from compressed measurements to the spectral image. For instance, the deep spectral prior approach uses a convolutional autoencoder (CAE) network in the optimization algorithm to recover the spectral image by using a non-linear representation. However, the CAE training is detached from the recovery problem, which does not guarantee optimal representation of the spectral images for the CSI problem. This work proposes a joint non-linear representation and recovery network (JR2net), linking the representation and recovery task into a single optimization problem. JR2net consists of an optimization-inspired network following an alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) formulation that learns a non-linear low-dimensional representation and simultaneously performs the spectral image recovery, trained via the end-to-end approach. Experimental results show the superiority of the proposed method with improvements up to 2.57 dB in peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and performance around 2000 times faster than state-of-the-art methods.
Longitudinal and transverse photophoretic force on a homogeneous sphere
exerted by a Bessel beam with selective polarizations
Authors: Sun Yiheng , Wang Jiajie , Yu Qianjiang , Wang Haoxiang , Briard Paul , Ambrosio Leonardo André , Gouesbet Gérard
Published: August 2022

Predicting the photophoretic force exerted on an optical absorptive
particle in a gaseous medium is a challenging problem because the
problems of electromagnetic scattering, heat transfer, and gaseous
molecule dynamics are involved and coupled with each other. Based on
the calculation of the source function distribution inside a
homogeneous sphere excited by a Bessel beam using the generalized
Lorenz–Mie theory, analytical expressions of the asymmetry vector,
which is the key quantity in the calculation of photophoretic force,
are given using the adjoint boundary value method. Numerical
simulations are performed to analyze the influences of polarization,
the half-cone angle, and the beam order of the incident beam, particle
size, and absorptivity of the particle on the asymmetry vector for
both on-axis and off-axis illuminations. Longitudinal and transverse
photophoretic forces on a homogeneous sphere are displayed for the
slip-flow regime of gaseous media. The results offer important
insights into the working mechanism underpinning the development of
heat-mediated optical manipulation techniques and the measurement of
the refractive index of particles.
Ultra-efficient diamond plasmonic band-stop filter with enhanced effect
Authors: Zhang Zuoxin , Feng Hengli , Fang Dongchao , Wang Jincheng , Zhang Jingyu , Liu Chang , Wang Guan , Wang Lehui , Ran Lingling , Gao Yang
Published: August 2022

In this paper, a band-stop filter based on a surface plasmon polariton metal–insulator–metal is designed and studied. The relationship between wavelength and filter transmittance is simulated using the finite difference time domain method and coupled mode theory. Compared with a single-diamond resonator, the minimum transmittances of the double-diamond resonator and double-rectangular resonator at a fixed wavelength are increased by 11.33% and 14.25%, respectively, achieving an enhancement effect. The research results also show that the sensitivity of the filter can reach 860 nm/RIU. The structure has good application prospects in optical integration, optical communication, and optical information processing.
Terahertz angle-independent photonic bandgap in a one-dimensional photonic crystal containing InSb-based hyperbolic metamaterials
Authors: Wu Feng , Yu Xi , Panda Abinash , Liu Dejun
Published: August 2022

According to the Bragg scattering theory, terahertz (THz) photonic bandgaps (PBGs) in all-dielectric one-dimensional (1-D) photonic crystals (PhCs) are strongly dependent on the incident angle. Such a strongly angle-dependent property of the PBGs not only limits the widths of omnidirectional PBGs, but also causes the strongly angle-dependent property of defect modes and optical Tamm states in multilayer structures containing all-dielectric 1-D PhCs. Until now, ways to achieve a THz angle-independent PBG have been an open problem. Herein, according to the existing phase-variation compensation theory, we achieve a THz angle-independent PBG in a 1-D PhC containing indium antimonide (InSb)-based hyperbolic metamaterials for transverse magnetic polarization. Different from conventional strongly angle-dependent PBGs, the angle-independent PBG remains almost unshifted as the incident angle changes. The relative frequency shifts of the upper and the bottom edges of the angle-independent PBG are only 1.4% and 0.4%, respectively. Besides, the angle-independent property of the PBG is robust against the disturbance of the layer thickness. The proposed 1-D PhC composes only two frequently used materials: silicon (Si) and InSb. Such a Si/InSb multilayer can be fabricated by the current ion-assisted electron beam coating or spin coating techniques. This THz angle-independent PBG would be utilized to design THz omnidirectional filters or absorbers.
Ultra-broadband origami absorber with large angle stability in the THz region
Authors: Yao Junqi , Gui Di , Zhang Dan , Zhang Haifeng
Published: August 2022

A three-dimensional origami-structured absorber based on

V
O

2

is designed. The unit structures of the origami absorber are folded from both sides to the middle, and a cavity is formed. After simulation, it is found that this absorber possesses insensitivity to polarized electromagnetic waves and stability at large incident angles. In addition, the origami absorber exhibits good absorption performance at low frequencies. An absorption band with absorptivity over 0.9 at 0.61–6.5 THz can be formed in TE mode. The coverage of the absorption band exceeds 10 octaves, and the relative bandwidth is 165.7%. In TM mode, the absorption band is located at 0.68–6.5 THz, which exceeds 9.5 octaves, and the relative bandwidth is 162.1%. We demonstrate the absorption mechanism by analyzing the electric field, surface current, and magnetic field distribution.
Gallium phosphide-on-insulator integrated photonic structures fabricated using micro-transfer printing
Authors: Billet Maximilien , Reis Luis , Léger Yoan , Cornet Charles , Raineri Fabrice , Sagnes Isabelle , Pantzas Konstantinos , Beaudoin Grégoire , Roelkens Gunther , Leo Francois , Kuyken Bart
Published: August 2022

Gallium phosphide-on-insulator emerged recently as a promising platform for integrated nonlinear photonics due to its intrinsic material properties. However, current integration solutions, using direct die-to-wafer bonding, do not support spatially localized integration with CMOS circuits which induce a large and expensive footprint material need. Here we demonstrate the transfer of gallium phosphide layers to an oxidized silicon wafer using micro-transfer printing as a new approach for versatile future (hybrid) integration. Using this novel approach, we demonstrate as a proof of concept the fabrication of gallium phosphide-on-insulator ring resonators with Q-factors as high as 35,000.
Dispersion measurement of an objective lens for ultrafast microscopy
Authors: Kaneshima Keisuke , Minami Takumi , Kyoda Takumi , Tanaka Yoshihito
Published: August 2022

Objective lenses are frequently employed in state-of-the-art ultrafast time-resolved microscopy techniques. While it enables tight spatial focusing, its dispersion causes a longer optical pulse duration. Since an objective lens is a combination of different lens materials, finding its correct dispersion can be challenging. In this paper, we propose a dispersion measurement method for an objective lens using white light interferometry. Our proposed method enables the experimental determination of the lens dispersion and improves the temporal resolution of ultrafast time-resolved microscopy techniques.
Spatially resolved mass flux measurements with dual-comb spectroscopy
Authors: Yun David , Cole Ryan K. , Malarich Nathan A. , Coburn Sean C. , Hoghooghi Nazanin , Liu Jiwen , France Jacob J. , Hagenmaier Mark A. , Rice Kristin M. , Donbar Jeffrey M. , Rieker Gregory B.
Published: August 2022

Providing an accurate, representative sample of mass flux across large open areas for atmospheric studies or the extreme conditions of a hypersonic engine is challenging for traditional intrusive or point-based sensors. Here, we demonstrate that laser absorption spectroscopy with mode-locked frequency combs can simultaneously measure all of the components of mass flux (velocity, temperature, pressure, and species mole fraction) with low uncertainty, spatial resolution corresponding to the laser line of sight, and no supplemental sensor readings. The low uncertainty is provided by the broad spectral bandwidth, high resolution, and extremely well-known and controlled frequency axis of stabilized, mode-locked frequency combs. We demonstrate these capabilities using dual-frequency comb spectroscopy (DCS) in the isolator of a ground-test supersonic propulsion engine at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. The mass flux measurements are consistent within 3.6% of the facility-level engine air supply values. A vertical scan of the laser beams in the isolator measures the spatially resolved mass flux, which is compared with computational fluid dynamics simulations. A rigorous uncertainty analysis demonstrates an instrument uncertainty of

∼

0.4

%

, and total uncertainty (including non-instrument sources) of

∼

7

%

for mass flux measurements. These measurements demonstrate DCS with mode-locked frequency combs as a low-uncertainty mass flux sensor for a variety of applications.
Enhanced spin–orbit coupling in an epsilon-near-zero material
Authors: Eismann Jörg S. , Ackermann Lisa , Kantor Brian , Nechayev Sergey , Alam M. Zahirul , Fickler Robert , Boyd Robert W. , Banzer Peter
Published: August 2022

Light can carry both spin and orbital angular momentum. While it is known that a nonparaxial circularly polarized beam couples the spin angular momentum to orbital angular momentum, this phenomenon does not hold upon collimation of the field. With the rising interest in epsilon-near-zero photonics, integral ingredients to this field are the beam-shaping capabilities of such a regime. In this work, it is experimentally shown that a permanent conversion of spin-to-orbital angular momentum arises naturally from an incident circularly polarized field on an isotropic interface due to the asymmetry in the Fresnel coefficients. More significantly, the conversion efficiency can be substantially enhanced in the presence of an epsilon-near-zero film due to the unique Fresnel properties exhibited in such a regime. It is further shown that the conversion efficiency scales with the nonparaxiality of the incident field. Our study showcases the intriguing phenomena resulting from the combination of concepts as old as Fresnel coefficients and modern materials such as epsilon-near-zero films.
A multiple instance learning approach for detecting COVID-19 in peripheral blood smears
Authors: Cooke Colin L. , Kim Kanghyun , Xu Shiqi , Chaware Amey , Yao Xing , Yang Xi , Neff Jadee , Pittman Patricia , McCall Chad , Glass Carolyn , Jiang Xiaoyin Sara , Horstmeyer Roarke
Published: August 2022

A wide variety of diseases are commonly diagnosed via the visual examination of cell morphology within a peripheral blood smear. For certain diseases, such as COVID-19, morphological impact across the multitude of blood cell types is still poorly understood. In this paper, we present a multiple instance learning-based approach to aggregate high-resolution morphological information across many blood cells and cell types to automatically diagnose disease at a per-patient level. We integrated image and diagnostic information from across 236 patients to demonstrate not only that there is a significant link between blood and a patient’s COVID-19 infection status, but also that novel machine learning approaches offer a powerful and scalable means to analyze peripheral blood smears. Our results both backup and enhance hematological findings relating blood cell morphology to COVID-19, and offer a high diagnostic efficacy; with a 79% accuracy and a ROC-AUC of 0.90.
Controlling air pollution by lowering methane emissions, conserving natural resources, and slowing urbanization in a panel of selected Asian economies
Authors: Hanif Sadoon , Lateef Majid , Hussain Kamil , Hyder Shabir , Usman Bushra , Zaman Khalid , Asif Muhammad
Published: August 2022

The destruction of the earth’s ecosystems is the most pressing issue globally. Carbon emissions account for nearly half of global air pollution. Methane is the primary source of ground-level ozone and a significant source of greenhouse gases (GHGs), with greater warming potential than carbon dioxide emissions. The study examines the impact of the different methane emissions (released by agriculture, energy, and industrial sectors), urbanization, natural resource depletion, and livestock production on carbon emissions in the panel of selected Asian countries for the period of 1971 to 2020. The results show that energy associated methane emissions, livestock production, natural resource depletion, and urbanization are the main detrimental factors of environmental degradation across countries. The causality estimates show the unidirectional relationship running from livestock production and agriculture methane emissions to carbon emissions, from total methane emissions and carbon emissions to urbanization and from urbanization to energy methane emissions and livestock production. The forecasting estimates suggest that total methane emissions, natural resource depletion, and urbanization will likely increase carbon emissions over the next ten years. The study concludes that the energy sector should adopt renewable energy sources in its production process to minimize carbon emissions. Urbanization and excessive resource exploitation must be curtailed to attain carbon neutrality.