bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economic Growth and its Relationship to Monetary Policy -An Econometric Analysis Using Panel Models for A Sample of MENA Countries During the Period (2000-2020)-
Authors: عيفة بوزيان , رديف مصطفى , عامري رضوان
Published: June 2023

Our study aims to know the relationship between monetary policy and economic growth, and for this goal, a sample of MENA countries was selected during the period (2000-2020), by analyzing and interpreting the path of economic growth and the factors affecting it while studying monetary policy and its impact on some macro variables such as unemployment and GDP, to measure some monetary policy indicators on economic growth, Panel Data models were used. The study reached a number of results that there is a weak impact of monetary policy on achieving economic policy objectives considering most of the developing countries in MENA, while the econometric study showed a positive effect and a direct relationship between the growth of money supply and the exchange rate on economic growth, while there is an inverse relationship and a negative impact on the volume of credit provided to the private sector on economic growth.
Analyzing Water Resources in the Arab World: The Next Economic Danger
Authors: Badis Nabila , Zermane Karim
Published: June 2023

This study aims to clarify the limited water resources in the Arab world, and the characteristics that make them require great security. Studies conducted by specialized Arab and regional organizations have unanimously agreed that the Arab region will face a large water deficit in the future medium term. Therefore, we recommend that the current available water resources should be counted in terms of their sources, the volume of supply and demand for them, to determine the water gap, the search for the impact of government spending on water resources and the feasibility of water investments in the face of the increasing demand.
Spatio-Temporal Analysis Of Road Insecurity In Algeria: Case Of The Wilaya Of Oum El Bouaghi During The Period 2017-2019
Authors: Aissaoui Nasreddine
Published: June 2023

We aim to analyze the characteristics and specifics of the road accident in the wilayas of Oum El Bouaghi, by emphasizing the space and time of the occurrence of traffic accidents on the roads of this wilaya. We arrived at several results, among them: the most populated daïras are the places which register more victims (Ain Beida, Oum El Bouaghi, Ain Mlila and Ain Fakroun), this confirms that the human factor is primarily responsible for road insecurity in Algeria; the national roads are the most deadly among the roads of the wilaya OEB; the summer vacation period, the weekend departure and return days and the return-to-work hours at the end of the day are the most risky periods and times on the roads of this wilaya.
The impact of Foreign Direct Investment on poverty in Algeria 1990-2019
Authors: Bouabdallah Messaoud , Baroudi Naima
Published: June 2023

The research paper aimed to study the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on Poverty in Algeria during the period 1990 to 2019, where the following variables were used: Foreign Direct Investment, Inflation Rate, Trade Openness rate and Per Capita GDP as an indicator for Poverty rate in Algeria. In the long term using the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. The results the study concluded that foreign direct investment had a very weak positive and significant impact on poverty rates in Algeria during the study period
Corporate social responsibility in view of the United Nations Global Compact principles and its role in achieving sustainable development Case study of "CHIALI GROUP" Foundation
Authors: Zeddoun DJamel , Zeradna Mohamed , Kazi CHoukri
Published: June 2023

The study aims to determine the extent to which business enterprises apply the United Nations Global Compact principles for Social Responsibility and assessing the level of commitment of these institutions to achieving the Sustainable Development goals. The study was applied to the "CHIALI GROUP" Foundation located in Sidi BelAbbes where a questionnaire composed of 50 items has been distributed, and analyzed using SPSS V.22 software. The study found that the foundation under study has adopted the principles of social responsibility stipulated in the United Nations Global Compact, and also the foundation seeks to contribute to achieving sustainable development goals. The study found as well a strong positive correlation between the adoption of corporate social responsibility and the sustainable development goals.
The impact of e-management on the effectiveness of the public service Case Study of National Social Security Fund for Workers, Saida Agency
Authors: Mouissat Amine , Benabou DJilali
Published: June 2023

The effectiveness of the public service through the application of e-management is achieved through the optimal exploitation of the elements of e-management (computers, software, processes, knowledge makers), while achieving the goals of the public service (Response, Accuracy, Quality of Service, Speed, Transparency). In order to answer the problem of the study and to arrive at more accurate results, we have adopted a main hypothesis, indicating that there is relationship to the impact of the application of e-management elements on the effectiveness of the public service. We designed a two-pronged questionnaire, The first axis concerns the extent to which e-management is implemented by the National Fund for Social Insurance for Workers, of Saida agency, that is answered by the Agency's staff. The second axis relates to the degree of effectiveness of the public service, that is answered by the socially insured, After presenting the data and analyzing it through the SPSS program, we reached the conclusion that the application of e-administration Affects the effectiveness of the services provided by the National Fund for Social Insurance for Workers, Saida Agency
Banking awareness of the Algerian individual: a survey study on the reasons of non-adoption and ways to activate
Authors: Benbouzid Sliman
Published: June 2023

This research came to answer the problem related to identifying the most important reasons for not adopting the banking awareness of the Algerian individual, and what are the most important means of activation? By doing a survey on a sample of individuals according to the questionnaire method, so that the social networking site (Facebook) was relied upon to distribute the search tool in a snowball random sampling method, and data was analyzed through statistical tests (Normality test, Mann Whitney test, Kruskal Wallis test( This research concluded that there is a great consensus about the reasons for not adopting banking awareness and ways to activate it according to the viewpoint of the members of the studied sample, and the demographic characteristics of the studied sample, especially the nature of income, previous dealings with the bank, educational level and experience have a strong impact on the answers, which reflects the ability of individuals to understand the nature and privacy of banking activity in general, and how to benefit from the services provided by banks in particular, thus enhancing banking awareness
The Stakes and Challenges of Promoting the Algerian Exports under the African Continental Free Trade Zone
Authors: Boulares Sofian
Published: June 2023

This study aims to determine and analyse the stakes and challenges facing the promotion of Algerian exports within the framework of the African Continental Free Trade Zone. In order to achieve that, this study uses the historical research method to trace the emergence and paths of the African Continental Free Trade Zone and Algeria's accession to it. It also uses the analytical research method to analyse the stakes and challenges facing the Algerian exports. The study concluded that the most important stakes and challenges are: the existence of economic blocs in Africa, which preceded the African Free Trade Area; the weakness of logistical capabilities and traderelated infrastructure in Algeria; the weakness and absence of trade-related infrastructure in other Africancountries; the subordination of many African economies to Western countries; the large number of disputes and political instability in the African countries; the weakness of competitiveness of Algerian products as a result of their dependence on imported inputs; in addition to many issues related to the African Free Trade Zone, which has not yet been completed
Quality Assessment of University Life in Higher Education Institutions during the Corona Pandemic from the University Family’s Point of View: Case Study of the University Center Abdelhafid Boussouf – Mila
Authors: Zayneb Benharkou , Borni Miloud
Published: June 2023

The current study sought to ascertain the level of satisfaction of university center members, Abdelhafid Boussouf with the quality of university life during the Corona pandemic. To achieve the study's objectives, the researchers used the National Quality Assurance Reference (CIAQES) to create the electronic questionnaire. Students, professors, administrative staff, and professional workers at the Abdelhafid Boussouf University Center made up the study population. The sample was made up of 275 people who were chosen at random, and the study yielded several results. The most important is that no one is completely satisfied with the quality of university life during the Corona pandemic. This is due to a lack of effective preparation for the university environment, as well as a lack of interest in the university lifestyle. The lack of a self-evaluation process, as well as the weakness of the information system for this field, are the most significant barriers to achieving a high quality of university life.
The Role of Women's Leadership in Activating Performance from the Point of View of Secondary School Teachers: An Exploratory Study on a Sample of the Secondary Schools of the Municipality of Constantine
Authors: Filali Mohamed
Published: June 2023

This research aims to reveal the role of women’s leadership in activating performance from theviewpoint of secondary schools professors of Constantine municipality. And its determinants: generalcharacteristics, team building, mental arousal, delegation and leadership styles, and the questionnaire wasdistributed to a sample of 129 secondary education professors who are in secondary schools led by women,and after statistical treatment of the arithmetic averages and the correlation and determination coefficients, a set of results was reached, the most important of which is the validity of the hypothesis that there is an effect of women’s leadership with its various determinants on performance at a level of significance of 0.05, as well as the presence of a general positive trend by (58.1%) of the research sample preferring the type of women leadership over the rest of the types, and recommendations were made to women leaders to increase their use of the participatory democratic style in decision-making processes, and to provide privileges Themoral and material aspects of the professors who are the basis for their support and assistance in developing their capabilities and documenting their successful experiences
Proposed Model for Assessing CSF of Crisis Management Team: Scientific Committee for COVID-19 as a model (during 2020/2021)
Authors: Dekhakhni Wahiba , Mahboub Yamina
Published: June 2023

The study aims to assess the role of the national committee for monitoring and following up on the COVID-19 virus in managing Algeria’s epidemiological crisis. A model of critical success factors consisting of five elements has been proposed and four outcomes.The coronavirus statistics were relied on during 2020 and 2021, The study concluded that the Scientific Committee’s team for monitoring and following up on the coronavirus crisis has the critical success factors to manage the crisis. The committee was able to develop potential and achieve satisfactory results. The study recommended the need to improve the quality of health services provided to citizens
The Impact of Fintech Application on the profitability of the banking sector in Algeria: An analytical and Statistical Econometric Study for Period (2010-2022) [In Arabic]
Authors: Benzeid Rabia , Kadja Amina , Ammeni Lamia
Published: June 2023

This study aims to detect the impact of the application of financial technology services, represented by the number of automated teller machines (ATMs) per 100,000 adults and the number of interbank payment cards (CIB) issued in Algeria, on the profitability of the Algerian banking sector as measured by the rate of return on equity (ROE) for annual data during the period (2010-2019), using a multiple linear regression model. This was preceded by a statistical study of the reality of the application of financial technology services in Algeria during the period (2016-May 2022). The study found a positive significant effect of the two indicators of financial technology on the rate of return on equity (ROE). In order to benefit the banking sector in Algeria from the advantages of financial technology the concerned authorities should pay attention to the need to develop the banking sector and provide technical infrastructure and appropriate financial technology services.
The Influence of Transformational Leadership on Human Resource’s Flexibility in the Context of Development: A case study of the cement plant SCAEK Aïn El Kebira SETIF
Authors: BENKENZOUA Nour El Houda , Boussourdi Saliha
Published: June 2023

This research aimed to examine the influence of Transformational Leadership on Human Resource’s Flexibility. The hypotheses proposed here are tested on a sample of 400 individuals, questionnaires were distributed among workers in SCAEK Aïn El Kebira cement plant (SÉTIF), administrates to technicians. However, only 261 responded back and 228 responses were valid using structural equation modelling as a statistical technique of the multiple linear regression. Our findings showed that Transformational Leadership has only a partial positive effect on Human Resources Flexibility.
Islamic banks as a main driver of Islamic financial industry activity: Al-Rajhi Saudi Bank model
Authors: Benhamida Asma , Hassiba Semira
Published: June 2023

This research paper aims to show the role of Islamic banks in revitalizing the Islamic financialindustry with reference to the experience of the Al-Rajhi Saudi Bank, which is considered a successfulexperience in this field, especially since Saudi Arabia occupies the leadership in the field of Islamic finance in recent times, in addition to extracting the need of Islamic financial institutions To the work of Islamic banks as the main pillar of this industry, by providing a variety of financial products with the aim of supporting the work of these institutions, as Islamic banks seek to mobilize the financial resources deposited with them to activate long-term investment, and to get rid of excess liquidity, if it exists; In addition to managing risks if they occur.this research paper has reached to That Islamic banks due to the advantages they have, are able tostrengthen the relationship between the various institutions of the Islamic financial industry within theframework of functional integration among them, which allows to expand the activity of this industry and increase its competitiveness with its traditional counterpart
Corporate Social Responsibility in Light of the Corona Pandemic: Experiences of leading international companies according to the Corporate Social Responsibility Magazine for the year 2021
Authors: Djemadi Monira
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this research is to identify the fact of the social responsibility of 6 companies, listed among the top 30 leading global companies according to the ranking of the Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) 2021, through their various activities, which contributed to the service of individuals and communities, and the reduction of environmental impacts and epidemics, such as the new Coronavirus pandemic (COCVID-19). One of the most important results from this study is the tendency of global companies to adopt social responsibility as an effective measure in the face of the negative effects of the Corona pandemic, although its deep consequences on these companies, governments, and societies all over the world. Based on that, this study recommended a set of suggestions, one of the most of them, is the requirement for national and Arab companies to focus on the priority of applying the dimensions of social responsibility because of its significant positive impact in overcoming the impact of the Corona pandemic; and developing businesses, economies, and societies.
The effect of capital structure on the financial performance of companies listed on the Algerian stock exchange: Case of the Saidal group
Authors: Boussiki Halima
Published: June 2023

The present study aims to shed light on the impact of capital structure determinants on the financial performance of a public economic firm listed on the Algerian Stock Exchange, represented by the Saidal Group, during the period from 2010 to 2021. Furthermore, the study relied on the financial statements (balance sheet and income statement table) published on the official website of the stock exchange to collect the financial data of the firm. In pursuance of this aim, three multiple models were estimated in which dependent variables expressing financial performance were represented in each of the return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), and earnings per share (EPS), while the independent variables expressing the determinants of the capital structure were represented in each of the ratio of medium and long-term debt to total assets (MLTDTA), the ratio of shortterm debt to total assets (STDTA), and the self-financing capacity (SFC). In addition to this, the control variables were used in the models to represent the liquidity and size of the firm, which was measured in the Neperian logarithm of its total assets. The study reached a set of results, the most important of which are the presence of a statistically significant positive relationship between the capital structure, as measured by the firm's self- inancing capacity, and the financial performance with its three indicators, as well as the existence of a statistically significant negative relationship between the ratio of medium- and long-term debt to total assets and financial performance. As for the ratio of short-term debt to total assets, it has a negative and statistically insignificant impact on both the return on assets and the return on equity, but also has a negative and statistically significant impact on earnings per share. In light of this, the study recommends that the firm should rely on internal financial sources rather than external financial sources to finance its various investments in order to improve its future financial performance
Language Shift and Maintenance: The Case of Algerian Immigrants in France
Authors: MEDJEDOUB Rima
Published: June 2023

The focus of the present study is on language choice among Arabic/French bilinguals in the Algerian immigrant community in France. Such a choice reflects the status of Arabic maintenance/shift as a minority language in France. This research aims to answer the question: In the case of Algerian immigrants in France, does Arabic undergo a language shift or maintenance? Why? In order to end up with illuminating results, an email questionnaire was conducted with 20 Algerian immigrants in France. The findings indicate that Arabic is lost starting from the third generation.Even though this small-scale investigation has its inadequacies, it throws light on some causes behind the decay of Arabic in the host country. Once reasons are known, remedial measures can be identified and taken. Besides, one of the important results is that our immigrants share positive attitudes towards their mother tongue which can be relied on as a strong maintenance factor eventually.
Ancient Magreben Poetry and the problematical Issue of Imitation and Innovation A study of the Poet Iben Kadi Mila’s Madripal Poem
Authors: BOUZIDI SALLIME
Published: June 2023

Iben Kadi Mila is one of the superbly gifted Magreben poets. He is theproprietor of an outstanding school of poetry. He is mostly renowned for hiscontributions in developing Arabic poetry at the linguistic and stylistic levels.Notwithstanding his scarce poetic products, which are dispersed in a few literaryand historical resources, his laudably matchless praises of Thiquat EddawlaIben Elkalbi is a prototype of well-developed Maghrebian poetry. He knewthrough it how to take full advantage of the Eastern poetic school and craftthereafter his own peculiar poetic style.
Reality of thermic tourism in Algeria
Authors: Boulasbaa Mahmoude
Published: June 2023

This Many countries realized the importance of thermic tourism, they workedto develop a set of its thermic sites, in addition to intertaing tourism services,exploiting areas of attraction which it has, and provided for that infrastructure,support services, and used a considerable potentialities of promotional methodsand activities that attract an increasing number of internal and externaltourists.On the basis of thermic tourism that is one of the tourism sector pillars and themost viable, and because of Algeria thermic headwaters which have healthy andtherapeutic benefits, this paper has aimed to issue the reality of promotionalactivity for thermic tourism in Algeria, and the challenges faced to exploit thepotentialities available for its development.
personal styles and their Relationship with types of leadership for hospital, directors (field study in Oum El Bouaghi and Constantine city)
Authors: Khara Djihad
Published: June 2023

The director of the hospital as a link between its members and plans andobjectives, so for the development prosperity of the organization to be directorof a personality pattern can repeat the conduct of the organization for the betterand uses a style of leadership helps employees to provide the best .Standesigned to detect the most prominent patterns and types of personal leadershipand find a correlation between them.We used the descriptive approach correlative on a sample (30)director of thestate Oum El Bouaghi and constantine , we used two measures .We concluded that most prominent personal styles are style" C", then style "B",then style" A" ,and the most prominent types of leadership are type autocratic,Type democratic, types free, and find a correlation between personal leadershipstyles and types of the hospital directors.
Specific jurisdiction in disputes of public utilities in the light of laws and jurisprudence
Authors: Kilali Zahra
Published: June 2023

This Although the pros that register on the Civil Procedure Code andadministrative –principally singled specialized part of administrative disputesand procedures before the judiciary-, but he did not devoid of many of the gapsexposed by the applications later.And is the subject of the distribution of jurisdiction between the ordinaryadministrative and judicial authorities most important of these gaps and themost complex, distribution, although it put arbiter between specialists, but didnot constitute a precision and clarity are spent on the intensification of conflictsbetween the judicial authorities, and to eliminate the presence of conflict isproof of this.In this presentation we refer to one administrative disputes that provokedconsiderable controversy in the courtyard of the judiciary topics, the subject ofdisputes, public facilities, by searching in the most important criteria adoptedby the Algerian legislature to determine the jurisdiction of the qualitative inthese disputes, especially as he did not make individually jurisdiction of theadministrative by the judiciary never make it, but also of the jurisdiction of theordinary courts in our study, relying on laws and jurisprudence.
The role of the tourism marketing in the promotion of MILA as a tourist attraction
Authors: Kataf Fairouz , Kataf Okba
Published: June 2023

Le but de cet article est d'étudier le rôle joué par le marketing touristique dans la promotion de la wilaya de Mila comme destinationtouristique, en se concentrant sur l’infrastructure touristique, types de tourisme et plans d'investissement futurs dans la wilaya. en particulier face au manque d'institutions touristique telles que les hôtels et les agences de tourisme et la nécessité de développer leurs services et de profiter des événements pour faire connaître et promouvoir les zonestouristiques de la wilaya.
The green price and its effect on the purchasing decision of the final consumer
Authors: Chahid Iliass , Abdlaoui Okba , Dafrour Abdnaim
Published: June 2023

With the increasing environmental awareness of manyconsumers and increasing the activity of consumer movements and theemergence of green consumers, consumers become the focus of thedevelopment of green products, as the marketer begins to identify theneeds and desires of consumers, and then devises strategies to meet theseneeds best to achieve the objectives of the institution, It is necessary tostudy the behavior of consumers towards green products, The price anddecisions related to determining the role of pricing and its objectives, and determining the appropriate price policy of the most difficult decisions facing marketing men, because it must take into account the consumer on the one hand, and on the other achieve the objectives of the institution in integration with the rest of the elements of the marketing mix, This study analyzes green consumer behavior and its impact on green prices, and concludes that the green consumer is an environmentally friendly consumer and is willing to pay extra value for green products.
The repercussions of the French settlement policy on the inhabitants of rural Mila during the 19th century
Authors: Boudouira Hayat
Published: June 2023

The topic of the land property is one of the most important topics, which is still an important theme of discussion in our country side ofcitizens and they are the sides which I aimed to show in mila fringes which belong the internal plains region. As it is characterized with the natural varieties and the historical richness. These factors played a big role in the lands (fields) owning repartitions during the Othman (Turkish) period. An ethnical separation of private properties which was linked to a social building / formation: the tribes of ferdjioua, Zeghaia, Ouled Kebab, beni Meroine, OuledBouslah. Some of them were favorised to work on the land (as farmers in the lands/fields). The tribe of Ouled Kebab in addition to some other tribes stagnented and fixed in the montagnious regions with the (Arab owning) This stability gave them a type independence but in contradiction they didn’t flee from the yearlywaves of recensements to extract taxation. This lead to the shift of the lands from the ( Arche owners to the ( Beylik / state) : this is the case of the tribe of zouagha ; This relationship appears in the relationship between the owning/properties and the vanishing families. Ouled Ben Achour, and Ibn Azeddine, through its cutting of the separated lands to get some special services, this caused the new aspects of the privateproperties.So special royal land marks this situation martial associated structurehave undergone a series of transformations and changes during the 19th century As a result of privacy of heavily estate arsenal of laws notably the laws of senates knonsolt 1863 until 1897 the last real estate laws issued by the trench legislature which would create a disjoined social sons and sons create civil harrow billable centers housing properties estate and wide belonging to the longevity of Europeans
The impact of fluctuations in the dinar exchange rate on the balance of payments in Algeria during the period 2000-2014
Authors: Srarma Abdlwahid , Baaloul Noufel
Published: June 2023

This paper aims to analyze the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on the balance of payments of Algeria during the period 2000-2014.the applied results indicated through the econometric model to prove that the exchange rate does not affect the Algerian balance of payments, And the policy of devaluation of the currency have no impact on improving the status of the overall balance during the study period. The study concluded that there was an inverse relationship between the exchange rate and the balance of payments, and Granger's causality test showed that there was no causation trend from the exchange rate to thebalance of payments .
Renewable energies and their role in achieving sustainable development Germany's experience as a model
Authors: Boudarja Ramzi
Published: June 2023

Cette étude vise à mettre en évidence l'intérêt croissant d’étudier le sujet des énergies renouvelables, étant les principales sources d'énergie mondiale en dehors de l’énergie traditionnelle, ce qui leurs procure une grande importance à la réalisation d'un développement durable, en basant sur l'expérience allemande, qui a fait de grands progrès dans ce domaine. L'étude a conclu que les problèmes du modèle énergétique mondiale ne se résument pas au problème de ressources essentiellement mais aussi au problème de politiques et de technologies, et que l'Algérie est parmi les pays qui respecte le principe de protection de l'environnement et du développement durable pour l'avancement de son future économie en adoptant des politiques énergétiques émanant de trouver les éléments alternatifs réels afin de maintenir ses ressourcespétrolières, les exploitée et les gérée de manière efficace dans le but desoutenir les différentes dimensions du développement durable:économique, sociale, environnementale et technologique
The syntaxic structure of the subject Ontological analysis
Authors: Khadri Nouri
Published: June 2023

This research aims to identify the connection between the subject and its interrelations with other syntactic elements included in theArabic sentence; this understanding is based on Arabic grammar and functional grammar.The present article is not restricted only to the description of the subject positions within the subject network analysis but it rathersets out to arrive at semantic web.
The image and its uses in the Algerian written press
Authors: Majani Badis
Published: June 2023

The study was conducted in 2010 and two daily newspapers wereselected. The study sought to compare the extent to which the press image was used and how it was used for both journals
an empirical study of Credit Policy Determinants of Algerian Banks/ During the period (1989-2009)
Authors: Abadi Mohamed
Published: June 2023

The study aimed to test the effect of size of deposits, the real interest rate, population, economic reforms on the credit policy of commercial banks of Algeria represented by the size of credit facilities. The study Used annual data for the period from 1989 to 2009. Where the Multi regression model was estimated using a method of Ordinary Least Squares OLS.Results of the analysis showed that there is a positive relationship with a statistically significant between the credit facilities and the deposits and the variable of economic reforms, while the real interest rate and population size have been linked by significant negative relationship
Children 's literature between the rhythmic structure and the semantic structure A poem of farewell to "poet Nasser Lohishi" model-
Authors: Boufas Abdelhamid
Published: June 2023

The present study deals with some rhythmic aspects and their significance for children literature. This has been approached within a framework entitled: “Children literature between the rhythmic and semantic structure: case study of farewell song for the poet "Nacer Louhichi". The study has touched upon the different rhythmic structures such as phonemic, metric and rhetoric, and their relationship with semantics. Within this perspective, these structures were deemed as subsystems included within the text which is considered as a holistic system. Afterwards, the research attempted to find a thread that links the various rhythmic structures with the general meaning of the text, and reveal the functionality of these structures to fit children’s intellectual and bodily capabilities as well as their psychological and social predispositions.
The effectiveness of the tax system in promoting General revenues in Algeria -Analytical study 2000-2015.
Authors: Tereche ATTALLAH , Souihe Djamel
Published: June 2023

Through this study we analyzed the evolution proceeds of tax revenue and its place in the General State budget and development of indicators of fiscal pressure and regular revenue coverage for expenses of the propulsion, And reached the low level of fiscal pressure outside, and the dominance of petroleum taxation to the budget during the study period 2000-2015, as a result of poor performance and ineffective tax system despite reforms since the year 1992.
Geography of urban areas in the country of Zab through the flood trip of Al - Abab al - Numeiri - Otman Al-Riahi Palace model
Authors: Ziani Asadik
Published: June 2023

This paper discusses the features and forms urbanization of the Architecture in the cities of Zab during the Century 7th - 8th Hijri /13 -14 AD in thesource represented in the "Faydh El-Obab" to Ibn Haj Nimeiri; we chose amodel for the palaces built by "B’ni Riyah" in the Palace of Othman AlRiyahi.
The impact of electronic management to build structural capital of banks in Algeria - A case study of the banks operating in setif-
Authors: Boufas Achraf , Zouaoui Khalissa
Published: June 2023

The objective of this study is to determine the impact of emanagement

on building the structural capital, which is the backboneof each organization, which is the whole organization after thedeparture of its employees, to a group of banks in Algeria. This studyshould be dropped on the applied side of the banks under study. Inorder to achieve the objectives of the study and analysis of the collecteddata, using sppss22 program. The study reached a set of results andmade recommendations to the banks' supervisors.
The Reality of Traditional Industry and Crafts in Algeria and the Mechanisms of its Development
Authors: عقون Charaf
Published: June 2023

This study aims at clarifying the reality of the traditional industry and crafts in Algeria and highlighting the mechanisms of upgrading traditional industry and crafts in Algeria.

   The study concluded with a number of results: The promotion of traditional industry and crafts in Algeria is carried out through a number of mechanisms: the National Award for Traditional Industry, the celebration of the National Day of Traditional Industry, the traditional industry promotion program and the National Fund for the Promotion of Traditional Industry Activities
An approach to some of the psychosocial and health effects of internet addiction by Algerian youth A field study in city of Constantine
Authors: Ghodban Meriem , Naamoune ABDESSALAM
Published: June 2023

All users of the Internet suffer from many complications that may vary between psychological, social, mental, and physical health problems, especially those users who have been proven to be excessive use, and make them addicted to the use of the Internet according to the conditions set by many international studies, especially the standards of the table Clinical Diagnostic DSM4.

Accordingly, this study came to reveal some of the psychological, social and physical effects resulting from the excessive use of the Internet among Algerian youth in a step to alert to the seriousness of the phenomenon, and the need to speed up treatment
The didactic side in the grammatical bookmarks A study beyond poetics systems of Mohammed Ben Oba Elmouzamiri and Mohammed Bai Belaalem
Authors: Ammari Abdallah
Published: June 2023

Through this study we are planning to keen on the light of the didactic side;which adopted by Mohammed Ben Oba Elmouzamiri and Mohammed Bai Belaalem in their grammatical bookmarks; whereas we give a snapshot arrises the emergence of that side and it's founders; then we presenting the two famous Imams ;as well as tackling a study beyond their grammatical bookmarks; reaching towards that side aspects and how could it contribute in facilitating the Arabic grammar.
The Reality of the Management of Sports Facilities in Institutes of Science and Technics of Physical and Sports Activities and the Requirements of L.M.D System Algerian East Institute Case Study
Authors: Zedam Amar , Moussa Nakker , Kerfes Nabil
Published: June 2023

The aim of this study was to shed light on the reality of the management of the sports facilities, and the situation experienced by the students of scientific institutes, and techniques of physical activities and sports, under the new L.M.D system in Algeria.

This study has been conducted, at the level of the Algerian East institutes .where the researcher relied on the descriptive approach, and the research community was the institutes of science and technology, of physical activities and sports. The sample consisted of: the students and teachers of these institutes. The study has concluded that the management of the sports facilities are conducted in a random and a not well thought out manner that does not meet the requirements of the new system in Algeria.
The impact of fiscal and monetary policy on economic growth: Econometric study for the case of Algeria (2000-2018)
Authors: Boussiki Halima , Aissani Larem
Published: June 2023

The objective of this research paper is to highlight the impact of monetary and fiscal policy on economic growth in Algeria, during the period (Q2000: Q4 2018) using the error correction model which includes the following variables: gross domestic product, money supply, public expenditures and the price of oil.

the results of analysis of the impulse response functions have shown that an unexpected shock in the money supply would always a positive effect on the gross domestic product, on the other hand an unexpected shock of public expenditure still has a positive effect on GDP, but with a weak response, which means that the adoption by the Algerian authorities of a Keynesian fiscal policy did not stimulate economic growth during this period, and that most public investment projects that were launched to develop the country's infrastructure did not seem yet their results , because they appear in the long term.
The transformation to the circular economy to create new jobs- Experience of developed countries-
Authors: Benmansour Lilia , Adjali Dalal , Sebti Wassila
Published: June 2023

This study is concerned with solving the problem of unemployment by finding new jobs in the economies of developed countries through the transition to circular economy. The descriptive and analytical approach was adopted to give the concept of the circular economy and its possibilities to create new jobs and analyze the data of developed countries destined for the circular economy. "The circular economy includes new jobs that differ from those in the linear economy, and contribute significantly to the creation of new jobs and reduce the unemployment rates in developed countries." It was concluded that the circular economy provides many functions in (New York, London, Italy, Germany, Britain, Northern Ireland and Poland). These new positions are doubling the quest for a transition to a circular economy.
Reflection of the agricultural sector on economic growth and employment rates In Algeria for the period (2001-2018)
Authors: Boussedra Faouzi , Saoudi Abdessamed
Published: June 2023

This study aims to clarify the importance of the agricultural sector in increasing economic growth rates and reducing unemployment rates; The agricultural sector in Algeria occupies a prominent place in the national priorities for achieving food security and diversifying the economy by developing its exports outside hydrocarbons and providing flexibility to cope with the external shocks caused by the successive imbalances of the international financial system.Algeria has known many is to the measures taken by the national government to create the conditions for the promotion and promotion of the agricultural sector in order to achieve self-sufficiency and economic independence.
The Social Link between Power and Fading in Social Thought - Theoretical Analysis
Authors: GHERRAZ Taher , CHETIOUI Rabia
Published: June 2023

The Social Association in Sociology expresses a range of social relations that combine members of society or individuals belonging to the same social group. They are linked through various organizations and institutions of social upbringing. Their importance is the mutual exchange of these individuals for the continuation of this social bond But it may be strengthened and weakened by some changes to society such as social change, as confirmed by the early socialists such as Ibn Khaldun, Durkheim, Ferdinand Tunis, Louis Wirth and Charles Cooley. Social of piety in certain groups or communities and weaken the other and up to disintegration in some developed societies, because of the tyranny of individualism, rationality and special interests and causes of course vary from one environment to another. Based on the above, we seek through this article to analyze the different sociological approaches that dealt with the social association, especially the Western societies.
The Social Management of Human Resources in Organisations
Authors: GUEMMADI Takwa
Published: June 2023

This study aims to show the social role of human resources function in the institution which believes that the person is a strategic partner and a source of its distinction and its ability to realize unprecedented achievements.

As a member of the community it is required to commit social and ethical responsibilities towards human resources in all the stages going through, either when applying for a job in the institution as shown attract and selection processes, or in recruitment when its shown by extent of security and safety at work, health care, fair salary, leadership and supervision type, recognition and appreciation, giving opportunities for learning, encouraging progress and creativity, or at the end of career life cycle and separation from work.
Representations of Religious Discourse in the Algerian Narrative Text Sociological Approach to Selected Narrative Texts
Authors: طيبي بوعزة
Published: June 2023

No one denies the functional role of the contemporary novel, as it seeks to approach the political, intellectual and philosophical conditions of society and even go beyond it even further, it has become a space for extending self-reflections and doctrinal ideas and instilling different ideologies, which constitutes a kind of danger to the reader who lacks the appropriate procedural mechanisms and tools to accommodate them... It is even more dangerous when it takes on the banner of spreading extremist religious discourse or that blends with private whims and visions, and its whiteness becomes a space to form what the novelist cannot openly disclose, yet this danger does not negate the existence of a relationship between religious discourse with its various manifestations and narrative creativity. Novelists have long advocated for religious values, so we will try to look for the representations of religious discourse and its manifestations in some of the selected narrative syllables from some contemporary Algerian narrative texts.
Double Shift (Reality/Example) in the Short Story Collection "A Heart ... Mentally Deranged"by "ZinedineBoomerzouk"
Authors: Nouadria Karima
Published: June 2023

ZinedineBoumerzouk is a creative experience - given her young age in the field of a very short story - exceptional in her awareness, and in her ability to listen and follow, looking for a virgin existence in which the self is liberated from the violence of negative forces, and is evidenced - as the group presenter Saeed Butajin sees - “the decay Judgment, relationships, broken buildings, and the fragmentation of man, who has turned into a wreck, scattered, and a great deformation. " Applying to him, this paper aims to understand the various concerns that his collection of short stories bears, "A Heart ... a Mentally Conqueror", inquiring and examining titles, places, characters, and the various relationships that bind them to the social and psychological context that formed them
The Importance of Adopting Direct Marketing Policies and their Impact on Competitive Advantages. A Field Study on a Sample of Companies in SetifProvince
Authors: Messalta Soufain , Mechri Hasna , Hamzaoui Mohamed
Published: June 2023

The aim of this research paper is to study the relationship between the use of direct marketing tools and to achievement of competitive advantages associated with good implementation in the use of various direct marketing tools, and this was done by analyzing the results of a questionnaire directed to some companies of a service and industrial nature in the state of Setif, and this is to take a clear picture on the latter’s awareness of the concept and importance of direct marketing and the degree of its adoption of its various tools, as well as identifying the extent of disparity in the application of direct marketing tools, and what are the most important motives behind adopting this method, and the study reached an important conclusion that the study sample is generally considered medium use direct marketing tools
Teaching How to Infer Cultural Features through the Integration of the Directed Reading Thinking Activity
Authors: Bennouioua Hanane
Published: June 2023

Language teaching is inextricably intertwined with culture teaching, and the reading skill is not exempted whereby many cultural features are pervasively encoded in literary texts. As an aftermath to the delineation of the poor level of inferential reading comprehension of first-year students of English at l’EcoleNormaleSupérieure of Sétif- MessaoudZeghar- Algeria, the instruction of the inferential comprehension of culturally laden texts through the integration of the Directed Reading Thinking Activity stimulated the aim behind the current scrutiny. To this end, a quasi-experimental pretest/posttest design constituted the methodological framework by dint of a purposeful sample selection of 34 students. Fundamental to this research was the selection of a realistic narrative entitled The Great Gatsby, which is inherently ingrained in the American culture. Ultimately, the statistical outcomes of the independent samples t-test on the performance of the posttest revealed a significant difference of p =.000 at the probability level of α<.05 in favor of the experimental group. This fact accentuated the positive effect of the treatment on the inferential reading comprehension whereby cultural schemata were omnipresent. Accordingly, diverse cultural features, that had characterized the American society in the 1920s, were inferred.
Duality of the Ego and the Inevitable Fate in the Novel "Kamrad" by Al-Ziwani: A Deconstructive Approach to the Introduction
Authors: Megharbi Mouhamed Reda
Published: June 2023

Illegal immigration is a humanitarian phenomenon that presents a challenge to European Union governments; Especially those facing the African coasts, from which boats carrying dozens of people depart almost every day. They are illegal immigrants, of various races, religions, and languages, but their goal is one to win anchoring on the northern bank, where the lost paradise awaits them. ! This novel, which we have in our hands, "Kamrad" (Al-Ziwani, 1st 2016) and the introduction in particular - as the text on which we are working in this approach - attempts to shed light on an impressive scene depicting the sinking of a Negro African boat, and a moment of recollection without which one of the drowned wrote on a paper and placed it inside a bottle that was thrown out by waves. The sea on the Italian coast. It is the duality of the ego and the inevitable fate, as we expressed in the title of the study, to indicate the dreams of the African ego that was suspended on the boat of life, but with the inevitability of the cosmic fate it was a boat of death and an inevitable fate for the cosmic laws of God, from which only the abnormal and the abnormal cannot be measured.Moments conveyed by the novel in its introduction tried to deal with it from the standpoint of the deconstructive approach, in order to disassemble and then rearrange the scene based on the duality of external and internal intertextuality.