bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Treaty of Waitangi and the Control of Language by R Dawson
Authors: Opie Joss
Published: February 2020

Richard Dawson The Treaty of Waitangi and the Control of Language (Institute of Policy Studies, Wellington, 2001). Paperback, 255 pages, $NZ29. This article is a book review of Richard Dawson's The Treaty of Waitangi and the Control of Language. In his book, Dawson argued that there was a Crown monopoly over the language of the Treaty. Therefore, Dawson called for a balanced dialogue between the Crown and Māori. However, Opie argues that such a binary description of power is problematic and instead adopts Michel Foucault's bottom-up description of power which allows for a more nuanced view of the respective identities of the Crown and Māori.
Calineczki . O społecznych konstrukcjach zespołu Turnera
Authors: Krawczyk Anna
Published: February 2020

Turner syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal abnormality that affects exclusively girls and always results in a short stature . This article is based on an ethnographic research whose main objective was to look into the narratives and daily practices of Polish girls diagnosed with TS . The article describes strategies adopted towards the bodily manifes- tations of TS in everyday life of Polish teenagers diagnosed with this condition . In this paper, I explore the meanings and practices around normalization of Turner Syndrome which are being negotiated in the process of socialization of children with TS .
KEBERADAAN HEWAN PENGOTOR TERITIP DI INFRASTRUKTUR TELUK KUNYIT, PANTAI SARIRINGGUNG DAN PANTAI MUTUN, LAMPUNG
Authors: Wijayanti Hendry , Herbowo Dhani Gathot , Darmawan Andy
Published: February 2020

Abstrak: Teritip merupakan salah satu hewan pengotor yang umum hidup menempel pada infrastruktur buatan manusia yang teredam di dalam perairan laut. Fenomena penempelan teritip mengakibatkan kerusakan struktur bangunan pada infrastruktur di perairan laut. Tujuan penelitian ini menginventarisasi ÃÂ keberadaan jenis teritip yang menempel pada infrastruktur yang ada di area pantai yang berada di Teluk kunyit, Pantai Sariringgung dan Pantai Mutun sebagai langkah awal dalam pengendalian hewan pengotor. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei selama bulan April and November 2018. Pada kedua Pantai Sariringgung dan Pantai Mutun ditemukan dua spesies teritip, Amphibalanus amphitrite dan Microeuraphia withersii. Namun, jenis teritip yang ditemukan di Teluk Kunyit hanya satu spesies Cthtamalus malayensis..Kata kunci: introduksi, biofouling, zona intertidal, Teluk Lampung.Abstract: Barnacle is the most common biofouling in the manmade ÃÂ submerged structures. Barnacles are a serious problem which leading the detriment of coastal structures. The aim of the study was to ÃÂ investigate the dataset of barnacale communities in Lampung shores, in order to monitor developing of biofouling. Three ÃÂ coastal areas of Teluk Kunyit, Sariringgung and Mutun were investigated between April and November 2018. It was found that two species, Amphibalanus amphitrite and Microeuraphia withersii, are found in both costal areas. In contrast, only colonial species of Cthtamalus malayensis has been found abundance in Teluk kunyit area.Keywords: introduction, biofouling, intertidal zone, Lampung Bay
Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến động lực làm việc của người lao động tại Công ty cổ phần Bia Sài Gòn – Miền Tây
Authors: Giao Ha Nam Khanh , van Trung Nguyen
Published: February 2020

Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện nhằm đánh giá các yếu tố tác động đến động lực làm việc của người lao động tại Công ty cổ phần bia Sài gòn- Miền Tây (Western Saigon Beer Joint Stock Company- WSB), bằng việc khảo sát 200 người lao động, công cụ Cronbach’s alpha, EFA và phân tích hồi quy bội được sử dụng. Kết quả đã đưa ra được mô hình 07 yếu tố có tác động dương đến Động lực làm việc, sắp theo thứ tự giảm dần: Lương, thưởng và phúc lợi; Quan hệ đồng nghiệp; Cơ hội đào tạo và thăng tiến; Được công nhận đầy đủ công việc đã làm; Triển vọng phát triển của công ty; Bản chất công việc; Điều kiện và môi trường làm việc. Từ đó, nghiên cứu đề xuất các giải pháp đến ban quản lý công ty nhằm nâng cao động lực làm việc của công nhân.
Two-year old children preferentially transmit simple actions but not pedagogically demonstrated actions
Authors: Bazhydai Marina , Silverstein Priya , Parise Eugenio , Westermann Gert
Published: February 2020

Children are sensitive to both social and non-social aspects of the learning environment. Among social cues, pedagogical communication has been shown to not only play a role in children’s learning, but also in their own active transmission of knowledge. Vredenburgh et al. (2015) showed that 2-year-olds are more likely to demonstrate an action to a naive adult after learning it in a pedagogical than in a non-pedagogical context. This finding was interpreted as evidence that pedagogically transmitted information has a special status as culturally relevant. Here we test the limits of this claim by setting it in contrast with an explanation in which the relevance of information is the outcome of multiple interacting social (e.g., pedagogical demonstration) and non-social properties (e.g., action complexity). To test these competing hypotheses, we varied both pedagogical cues and action complexity in an information transmission paradigm with 2-year-old children. In Experiment 1, children preferentially transmitted simple non-pedagogically demonstrated actions over pedagogically demonstrated more complex actions. In Experiment 2, when both actions were matched for complexity, we found no evidence of preferential transmission of pedagogically demonstrated actions. We discuss possible reasons for the discrepancy between our results and previous literature showing an effect of pedagogical cues on cultural transmission and conclude that our results are compatible with the view that pedagogical and other cues interact, but incompatible with the theory of a privileged role for pedagogical cues.
The Importance of Group Specification in Computational Modelling of Behaviour
Authors: Valton Vincent , Wise Toby , Robinson Oliver Joe
Published: February 2020

**published as part of "Machine Learning for Health (ML4H) at NeurIPS 2020: https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.01725**Introduction: Hierarchical model fitting has become commonplace in cognitive neuroscience. However, these techniques require us to formalise assumptions about the data-generating process at the group level, which may not be known. In computational psychiatry, we frequently encounter situations with multiple distinct groups of subjects, which makes this specification non-trivial. Specifically, we must choose whether to assume all subjects are drawn from a common population, or to model them as deriving from separate populations. These assumptions have profound implications for computational psychiatry, as they will undoubtedly affect the resulting inference (parameter recovery) and conflate or mask true group-level differences. Methods: We used simulations to test these assumptions on synthetic multi-group behavioural data from commonly used multi-armed bandit tasks. We first demonstrate the influence of hierarchical vs non hierarchical approaches on parameter recovery. We then examine recovery of group differences in parameter values under different modelling approaches: (1) modelling groups under a common shared group-level prior (assuming all participants are generated from a common distribution, and are likely to share common characteristics); (2) modelling separate groups based on symptomatology or diagnostic labels, resulting in separate group-level priors. We evaluate the robustness of these approaches to variations in data quality and in prior specification.Results: We confirm, firstly, that hierarchical approaches lead to better parameter recovery. Secondly, we argue that fitting groups separately (Model 2) provides the most robust inference across all conditions and perturbations. Thirdly, we confirm these assumptions have less of an impact with higher numbers of trials and subjects. Finally, we show that the advice to fit groups separately can fall down when extreme assumptions are made about group variance.Conclusions: Our results suggest that when dealing with data from multiple clinical groups, researchers should use a hierarchical approach to parameter fitting, but account for hypothesised group differences in the model fitting procedure. In other words, under most normal circumstances, researchers should fit patient and control groups separately.
Outcome of Endoscopic third Ventriculostomy for Obstructive Hydrocephalus due to Posterior Fossa Lesions
Authors: Sapkota Suresh , Shrestha Shikher , Bishokarma Suresh , Thulung Suraj , Kalu Bibhusan , Gongal Dinesh Nath
Published: February 2020

Background and purpose: Obstructive hydrocephalus can be treated with External ventricular Drainage (ETV), Ventriculo peritoneal shunt insertion, upfront tumor removal without cerebrospinal fluid diversion procedures or more recently ETV. Aim of our study was to study the outcome of ETV in treating such patients.

Material and method: Descriptive observational study conducted at Upendra Devkota Memorial Institute Of Neurological and Allied Sciences from Sep 2015 to may 2017.

Result: Twenty-three patients met the inclusion criteria. Among which, 14 (39%) patients were male with male to female ratio of 1.55. We included wide age range from 3 years to 68 years. Seven patients (30.4%) were less than 10 years while 6 patients (23%) were above 60 years old. Patients with Posterior fossa presented with varied symptoms. Ten patients (43.4%) presented with decreased level of consciousness, 14 (60.8%) presented with visual symptoms, 17 (73.9%) presented with vomiting and 23 (100%) presented with headache (Figure. 3). Visual acuity was normal among 3 (13%), decreased among 11 (48%) and with no perception of light among 3 (13%). However, acuity was not assessed among 6 (26%) patients (Figure 4).Funduscopic evaluation revealed papilledema among 20 (87%) patients while secondary optic atrophy among 3 (13%) patients. Patients were evaluated in follow up for symptomatic improvement. Consciousness were improved among 8 (80%) patients, visual symptoms improved among 10 (71.4%) patients, vomiting subsided among 15 (88.2%) patients while headache improved among 100%. Following ETV, 5 (21.7%) patients developed complications, 3 (13%) patients had intraventricular bleeding while 2 (8.6%) patients had CSF leakage from the wound.

Conclusion: Endoscopic third ventriculostomy is a relatively safe and valid option for treatment obstructive hydrocephalus due to posterior fossa lesions.
Archilochos in His Time
Authors: Lavelle Brian M.
Published: February 2020

Whether expressed by the poet or a persona, Archilochos' warrior poems offer first-hand information about war and the war experience of the poet, his comrades, and his contemporaries. In fact, rather than merely shared memories, grim reports, or entertaining declarations, many such poems advise and educate a wider audience, as well as other warriors such as Archilochos' friend Glaukos. As such, like Hesiod's advice to other farmers in Works and Days, they constitute didactic (or “wisdom”) poetry based on the experiences and observations of the poet. In fact, both authors display a kind of protoscientific orientation to their environment, their poetry aimed at conveying practical wisdom to their contemporary audiences in the earlier seventh century bc. These poems of Archilochos should help lay to rest the notion that he was a sullen and marginalized outsider, disengaged from society.
A Thankless People (Hdt. 5.91.2)
Authors: Mirhady David C.
Published: February 2020

The Spartan call to arms against Athens in Hdt. 5.91.2 includes charges of falsification of oracles, lack of xenia, hubris, and, in particular, that the Athenians are “a thankless people” (δήμῳ ἀχαρίστῳ). That term is fraught with ideological implications more germane to the time of the work’s composition than to the time of the supposed event.
Hermippos, Aspasia, and the Fates
Authors: Storey Ian
Published: February 2020

In this paper I first survey briefly the career of Hermippos, unfairly dismissed by G. Norwood for being “unimportant as a comic poet.” He wrote parody ( parōidia) and iambics as well as comedy, producing about ten comedies over the years 435 to 415 with five victories. D. Gilula argued that “none of his comedies can be securely dated,” but I can place at least five of these plays to within a year or two of production. My principal interest lies in Fates, a comedy that can reasonably be dated to 430 and that contains a well-known lyric fragment (F 47) denouncing Perikles’ policy of Sitzkrieg in the first years of the War and a poignant description (F 48) of how Peace has yielded to War. I argue also that the “prosecution” of Aspasia by Hermippos for asebeia (Plutarch Perikles 32) belongs not to the law-courts but to a comedy and that that comedy is very likely to have been Fates.
Podstawy prawne działań represyjnych wobec przedstawicieli aparatu państwowego II Rzeczpospolitej w Polsce po II Wojnie Światowej
Authors: Majer Tomasz
Published: February 2020

After the end of World War II and the takeover of power in Poland by the communists, repression began against people associated with the state administration of the Second Polish Republic. The authorities issued a number of legal acts allowing the use of repression against political opponents. Government officials of the Second Polish Republic and the wider elite of that country were also considered political opponents. Mere political activity or work in government administration could have caused repression. The communists recognized the interwar Polish authorities as hostile. Participation in exercising and exercising power after 1926 was often a sufficient excuse for repression. The repression used by the communist authorities took the form of both abuses of power and law-based activities. The latter will be di-scussed in this article. The Polish authorities issued a number of legal acts enabling discriminatory or repressive measures against specific persons or social groups. Some citizens were to be punished for their political and professional activity before the war. The repressions were related to both criminal-law and civil and administrative law. In addition to imprisonment and other penalties, opponents of the state faced nationalization as well as a campaign of administrative difficulty and harassment. These provisions require careful discussion. Their validity and application may currently form the basis for questioning the legality of a number of state actions. It should also be generally determined when service in the interwar administration or political activity ceased to constitute the basis for repression.
Addressing Some Physical Misconceptions in Electrostatics of Freshman Engineering Students
Authors: Hashish Adel H. , Seyd-Darwish Iyad , Tit Nacir
Published: February 2020

While the electrostatics is important topic consisting one among the four pillars of electromagnetic theory, as being represented by Gauss’s law, students persist encountering difficulties in its understanding. Even though the trend looks universal, we triggered an investigation to search for the main reasons behind the students’ misconceptions of electric field and flux aiming to analyze their origins and to search for intervention pathways to make corrections and, thus, to enhance the students learning of these physical concepts. The subject of our statistical sample is a group of 211 freshman engineering students taking the course of “Physics and Engineering Applications II”. Tests were designed for the diagnosis of the origins of students’ struggles in an attempt to find plausible interventional solutions to reduce the effects. Indeed, the statistics of results shows evidence of deviation of students in figuring out the correct answers and characterizes the depths of the misconceptions and shortcomings. Under the light of our discussions, alternative interventions are suggested to reduce the size of difficulties in learning and to pave the way for better understanding of the physical concepts and achieving better results.
Overview of University Actions Aimed at The Nutrition of Two Indigenous Communities In The Interior of The State of Mato Grosso Do Sul – Brazil
Authors: Almeida Castro Luis Henrique , Bezerra de Souza Diego , Mendes Monteiro Geanlucas , Penaves de Alencar Gildiney , Alves dos Santos João Vitor , Barbosa Neto Lúcio , De Souza Cosmo Raphael , Teixeira Pereira Thiago , Da Silva Moraes Wesley Sebastião , Martins Viegas de Oliveira Cristiane
Published: February 2020

The diet composed of adequate food is reported in the literature as one of the aspects of health promotion and maintenance, and it is the duty and obligation of the State to promote public policies that seek to meet these needs of the population. However, due to a number of factors, the minority or vulnerable populations end up not benefiting from a good part of the projects in force in Brazil. Thus, this work aimed to conduct a case study with two indigenous communities living in the interior of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, listing the main points related to food practices, evaluation of the state of health in force and measures that help adherence to good food practices. The largest target audience was children from 0 (zero) to 12 (twelve) years, totaling 190 (one hundred and ninety), followed by newborns and puerperals who totaled 14 (fourteen) family nuclei and the elderly population of the community, which totaled 15 (fifteen). The service team was composed of Nutritionist, Health Agent, Social Worker and Nutrition Intern professionals. Several activities were developed, occurring according to the public attended during the different days of visit in the villages, mainly home visits, community actions such as vaccination campaigns, lectures and collective guidance. It is concluded that the measures adopted in public policies related to feeding the indigenous community is a powerful tool to provide the benefits for a better quality of life, well-being and maintenance of the health of indigenous peoples.
BIOMONITORATION OF AREAS PRODUCING CERAMIC MANUFACTURES IN TWO MUNICIPALITIES OF THE SOUTH OF BRAZIL
Authors: Pavani Julio Becker , Zaccaron Isadora Coelho , Ambrosio Pedro Gabriel , Madeira Kristian , Pavei Paula Tramontim , De Souza Hoffmann Marta Valéria Guimarães , De Sá Guilherme , Yamaguchi Cristina Keiko , Martins Miriam da Conceição
Published: February 2020

Industrial and urban development, together with population growth, has contributed to the increase of atmospheric pollution, and causes the air of urban centers to present more and more substances that are harmful to living beings. In southern Santa Catarina, Morro da Fumaça and Sangão are the highlights in the production of red ceramics (bricks and tiles), these industries use combustion processes for the manufacture of their product and releases air pollutants.The exposure period of the organism was from June to October 2015, at Points A and B in Morro da Fumaça and C, D and E in Sangão. Collections of the young inflorescences of the exposed plants were carried out weekly. After collection, inflorescences were fixed in ethanol / glacial acetic acid solution (3: 1) for 24 hours, transferred to 70% ethanol solution and stored under refrigeration. These were submitted to staining with acetic carmine and the number of micronuclei in 300 tetrads was quantified for each inflorescence, and blades with 5 inflorescences / week were made for each point studied. The results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and median and range. In the present study it can be verified that the bioindicator Tradescantia pallida shows to be a highly sensitive plant and an excellent test organism, considered an essential tool in the biomonitoring of polluted environments. The results show that in the month of August, the frequency of micronuclei was significantly higher in the plants of the sampling points.
Cortical stimulation mapping for localization of visual and auditory language in pediatric epilepsy patients
Authors: Muh Carrie R. , Chou Naomi D. , Rahimpour Shervin , Komisarow Jordan M. , Spears Tracy G. , Fuchs Herbert E. , Serafini Sandra , Grant Gerald A.
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVE

To determine resection margins near eloquent tissue, electrical cortical stimulation (ECS) mapping is often used with visual naming tasks. In recent years, auditory naming tasks have been found to provide a more comprehensive map. Differences in modality-specific language sites have been found in adult patients, but there is a paucity of research on ECS language studies in pediatric patients. The goals of this study were to evaluate word-finding distinctions between visual and auditory modalities and identify which cortical subregions most often contain critical language function in a pediatric population.

METHODS

Twenty-one pediatric patients with epilepsy or temporal lobe pathology underwent ECS mapping using visual (n = 21) and auditory (n = 14) tasks. Fisher’s exact test was used to determine whether the frequency of errors in the stimulated trials was greater than the patient’s baseline error rate for each tested modality and subregion.

RESULTS

While the medial superior temporal gyrus was a common language site for both visual and auditory language (43.8% and 46.2% of patients, respectively), other subregions showed significant differences between modalities, and there was significant variability between patients. Visual language was more likely to be located in the anterior temporal lobe than was auditory language. The pediatric patients exhibited fewer parietal language sites and a larger range of sites overall than did adult patients in previously published studies.

CONCLUSIONS

There was no single area critical for language in more than 50% of patients tested in either modality for which more than 1 patient was tested (n > 1), affirming that language function is plastic in the setting of dominant-hemisphere pathology. The high rates of language function throughout the left frontal, temporal, and anterior parietal regions with few areas of overlap between modalities suggest that ECS mapping with both visual and auditory testing is necessary to obtain a comprehensive language map prior to epileptic focus or tumor resection.
Predictors of surgical treatment in children with tethered fibrofatty filum terminale
Authors: Kashlan Osama N. , Wilkinson D. Andrew , Morgenstern Hal , Khalsa Siri S. , Maher Cormac O.
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVE

Thickened or fatty filum terminale is an occult lesion that can cause tethered cord syndrome requiring surgical untethering. This study’s objectives were to estimate the incidence of tethered fibrofatty filum terminale (TFFT) in a large insured pediatric population, identify predictors of surgery among those TFFT patients, and assess a diagnostic algorithm.

METHODS

TFFT was defined according to the ICD-9-CM code for cord tethering (742.59), after excluding codes for diastematomyelia, lipomyelomeningocele, terminal myelocystocele, meningocele, and myelomeningocele. Utilizing the Optum Insight database for 2001–2014, the authors identified pediatric patients (< 21 years) in the US who were diagnosed with a tethered cord and estimated the TFFT incidence rates in that source population and the surgical untethering probability among TFFT patients over the 14-year period. Logistic regression was used to estimate the effects (adjusted OR and 95% CI) of age at diagnosis, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score, diagnosis of Chiari malformation type I, diagnosis of syrinx, and the probability of surgery by US census region. Lastly, to evaluate their algorithm for identifying TFFT from ICD-9 codes, the authors estimated its positive predictive value (PPV) among 50 children who were diagnosed at their institution and met the ICD-9-CM criteria.

RESULTS

There were 3218 diagnoses of TFFT, with 482 of these pediatric patients undergoing tethered cord release during the study period. The estimated incidence rate was 12.0 per 100,000/year (95% CI 11.6–12.4 per 100,000/year). The incidence rate was slightly higher in females than in males (12.7 vs 11.4 per 100,000/year). The probability of surgery in the total pediatric TFFT population was 15.0% (95% CI 13.8%–16.2%) and was greater in children with a syrinx (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.6–3.0), children 7–11 years of age at diagnosis versus < 1 year (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1–2.0), CCI score ≥ 3 versus 0 (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.4–3.8), and residents of the Western vs Northeastern US (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.6–3.5). In the authors’ own institution’s database, the PPV of TFFT was 35/50 (70.0%, 95% CI 57.3%–82.7%) for identifying tethered cord due to fibrofatty filum terminale among childhood positives.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with comorbidities or an associated syrinx showed a higher risk of untethering procedures for TFFT. Also, surgery was appreciably more frequent in the Western US. These findings signify the need for a collaborative prospective cohort study of long-term outcomes for TFFT patients with and without surgery to determine which patients should have surgery.
INFLUENCE OF SALES AND QUALITY COSTS ON NET INCOME
Authors: Mulyana Asep
Published: February 2020

Abstract: This study aims to determine (1) the effect of simultaneous sales and quality costs on net income, (2) the effect of partial sales on net income, (3) the effect of cost of quality on net income at PT Ultra Jaya Milk Industry & Trading Company Tbk. By using financial statements from 2011-2017. This research uses quantitative methods and is analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The results of the study show that the results of t count sales are 4.404 while t table = 2.776 then t count> t table. While the significance value of t hitug sales variable is 0.007 <0.05. Based on these results, sales have a positive and significant effect on net income. the result of t count quality cost is 4.088 while t table = 2.776 then t count> t table. While the significance value of the t variable sales variable is 0.009 <0.05. Based on these results, quality costs have a positive and significant effect on net income. Based on this study, it can be seen that F count shows a value of 12.592, which means greater than F table, which is equal to 6.94 with a significant value of 0.019 <0.05. This shows that the regression model can be used to predict sales variables and quality costs to net income and there is a simultaneous influence between sales and quality costs on net income.Keyword: Sales, quality costs, and net profit
Model Kepatuhan Konsumsi Tablet Besi Pada Ibu Hamil Trimester Ii Di Kecamatan Aesesa Kabupaten Nagekeo
Authors: Olin Wihelmus , Paun Rafael , Djuma Agustina W.
Published: February 2020

Latar Belakang: kecamatan Aesesa merupakan salah satu kecamatan yang terletak di Kabupaten Nagekeo, pada tahun 2019 jumlah ibu hamil sebanyak 1273 orang yang terdistribusi di 18 desa dengan jumlah ibu hamil terbanyak berada di desa Denga dengan jumlah ibu hamil sebanyak 265 orang. Cakupan pemberian tablet besi sudah mencapai 100%, akan tetapi jumlah ibu hamil dengan anemia masih tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Menyusun Model Kepatuhan Konsumsi tablet besi dan pengaruhnya terhadap Kejadian Anemia Ibu Hamil Trimest II Di Desa Denga Kecamatan Aesesa Kabupaten Nagekeo. Metode: jenis penelitian ini adalah dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan rancangan penelitian Cross Sectional Study, dimana penelitian dilakukan serentak pada satu waktu untuk mengetahui hubungan antara variabel bebas (pengetahuan, sikap, dan efek samping tablet (Fe), niat dan variable antara yaitu kepatuhan Konsumsi tablet Fe sedangkan variable terikat kadar haemoglobin ibu hamil. Tenik pengumpulan data melalui pengukuran kadar Hb ibu hamil dan dilanjutkan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner dan dianalisis dengan Regresi Linier Berganda. Hasil: penelitian ini menunjukkan tingat pengetahuan, sikap dan niat ibu hamil berpengaruh positif terhadap kepatuhan ibu hamil Konsumsi obat tablet besi dan kepatuhan Konsumsi tablet besi pada ibu hamil trimester 2 di Kecamatan Aesesa Kabupaten Nagekeo. Kesimpulan: Tingkat kepatuhan ibu hamil Konsumsi tablet besi dipengaruhi pengetahuan, sikap dan niat ibu.
Development of a method for obtaining a section of reduced stiffness on the elastic characteristic of a vehicle tire
Authors: Ryabov I. M , Pozdeev A. V , Erontaev V. V , ZHdamirova E. V
Published: February 2020

This article is devoted to the development of a method for obtaining a section of reduced stiffness on the elastic characteristic of a pneumatic tire of a wheeled vehicle. A way is proposed to reduce the radial stiffness of a tire by obtaining a section with reduced stiffness on the elastic characteristic of pneumatic tires, which, unlike the known ways, can significantly reduce the radial stiffness of a pneumatic tire with-out increasing its static radial deformation and rolling losses. The essence of the method for obtaining a section with reduced stiffness is to reduce the air pressure in the pneumatic tire while increasing its radial deformation using original internal devices located inside the tire. An algorithm has been developed that includes four stages; the elastic characteristic of the pneumatic tire 8.40-15 with a section with reduced rigidity by 4 times is obtained. This ensures a decrease in the natural frequency of vertical oscillations of the sprung mass on the bus by almost 2 times from 3,5 to 1,8 Hz. On the basis of the developed method, the dependences of the length of the reduced stiffness section and the force change in this section on the natural frequency of the sprung masses on the tire realized in this section are determined. For the tire 8.40-15, the dependence of the change in force in the section with a given reduced stiffness on its length was determined, which showed that with increasing length of this section there is a progressive change in the load on the tire in the same section. In addition, the dependences of the pressure change in the tire on its radial deformation in areas of reduced stiffness were obtained for various given frequencies of natural oscillations of the mass of the load on the tire. Structural diagrams of vehicle wheels are presented, in which the tire contains internal structural elements that implement the proposed method for reducing the radial stiffness of a vehicle tire and, in addition, possessing internal hydraulic or air damping of the vertical vibrations of the wheel.
Ensuring the operability and fault tolerance of machinery by redundancy of replaceable elements
Authors: Eltoshkina E. V , Buraev M. K , Bodyakina T. V
Published: February 2020

The main task in mechanical engineering is to ensure the efficiency of the machine-tractor fleet. Technical operation of machines requires new organizational and technological approaches to maintaining it in working condition in zonal conditions of use. Since every hour of downtime of this expensive equipment leads to high costs, one of the important tasks will be to reduce the downtime of machines for maintenance and repair. Development of import substitution programs and food security of regions and regions of the country is an important area for scientific and public organizations to solve the tasks set by the government of the Russian Federation. In this regard, the study of foreign technologies and the introduction of their own in the production of machinery and agricultural products. The aim of the study is a mathematical description and justification of fault tolerance of machines to ensure performance at a given level.In the article deals with the issues of ensuring the efficiency of technical systems (machinery and equipment) and planning the number of spare elements during technical service. It is rather simple to establish the cycles of repair time of machines and technology, if the variables of the technical state determining the operability of the machines during operation are deterministic. In practice, in most cases, the performance is determined by the stochastic nature of the influencing factors, forcing to take into account the technical and mathematical methods for their description. In a situation where the recovery time of the failed element is an order of magnitude shorter than the uptime, or the restoration is reduced to replacing the element with a backup, it is natural to accept the model of an instantly restored element.
„Sicherheitsabstand für übermotivierte Eltern“ – Die soziale Arena rund um Fußball-Eltern
Authors: Grunau Thomas
Published: February 2020

Die mediale Berichterstattung zum Kinder- und Jugendfußball im deutschsprachigen Raum wird in den letzten Jahren geprägt von der Auseinandersetzung um die Einflussnahme von Eltern auf das Spielgeschehen. Der Beitrag nähert sich dieser „sozialen Arena“ (Clarke 2012) aus einer situationsanalytischen Perspektive und geht der Frage nach, welche sozialen Welten an der Arena teilhaben und welche dominanten Narrative hervorgebracht werden. Hierfür wird auf Daten aus einem Forschungsprojekt zurückgegriffen, in dem Zeitungs- und Fernsehberichte zwischen 2000 und 2018 zu dem Themenbereich untersucht wurden. Anhand exemplarischer Verdichtungen wird aufgezeigt, dass Eltern im Kinderfußball als Aggressoren dargestellt werden, die negativen Einfluss auf das Spielgeschehen nehmen. Dieses Elternbild kongruiert mit einem romantizistischen Bild vom fußballspielenden Kind, welches möglichst frei vom elterlichen Einfluss seinen Spaß am Fußball ausleben soll. Am Ende des Beitrags wird weiterer Forschungsbedarf entlang der Fragen diskutiert, welche Funktionen diese Narrative erfüllen und welche Potenziale sich aus einer Konfrontation der diskursiven Daten mit ethnographischem Material ergeben können.
Intensifying the PC conversion in the raceway by means of coke oven gas
Authors: Babich A. , Hippe F. , Lin R. , Simoes J.-P. , Senk D.
Published: February 2020

Among numerous measures to accelerate the PC conversion within the blast furnace (BF) raceway, local increase of oxygen concentration is the most common one. On the other hand, the presence of cold media (oxygen) in the vicinity of the coal stream might affect its ignition and combustion negatively. A minor amount of coke oven gas (COG) may increase the temperature and consequently accelerate the coal conversion. To examine this effect, laboratory trials under blast furnace simulating conditions were performed using the Multifunctional Injection Rig for Ironmaking (MIRI). The results of the simulation testified a higher conversion degree of coal while adding the COG. The temperature increase is measurable in the reaction chamber and the off-gas stream. Optical microscopy of the original PC particles and residues after reaction confirm the findings of the off-gas analysis and the increase in temperature during the experiments with addition of COG. The thermogravimetric analysis was applied to determine and to compare the behaviour of coal in different atmospheres including an atmosphere with COG. A stand at one tuyère at a modern BF was erected and tests were performed targeting the observation of the ignition behaviour of coal at different COG rates, using a camera image analysis system. Laboratory trials under blast furnace raceway simulating conditions showed, that even a small amount of COG significantly improves the PC conversion degree. A new technology of PC injection, including addition of small amount of COG to the PC transporting gas, aimed at neutralization of the oxygen local cooling effect, elaborated, justified and tested.
Experimental determination of the complete set of constants of polarized piezoceramics on a single ring-shaped sample
Authors: Madorsky V.V. , Rogov I.E. , Skrylev A.V.
Published: February 2020

Variants of the practical application of the method developed in [1] for determining the complete set of piezoceramic constants on a single ring-shaped sample are considered. Using a virtual machine experiment conducted on the ANSYS finite element modeling software package, a complete set of constants was calculated for PZT4 piezoceramics. To increase the information content, the frequency of the second overtone of the ring radial vibrations was measured taking into account its thickness. The error in determining the constants did not exceed 1%. The influence of the quality factor on the determination of the constants of piezoceramics is studied. It is shown that when using formulas for calculating the constants of piezoceramics, regardless of the quality factory values, it is necessary to determine the resonance frequencies from the maximum of active conductivity. For PKP-12 piezoceramics, experimental studies were carried out and the values of the piezoceramic moduli were calculated by the resonance – antiresonance method for piezoelectric elements of three sizes, as well as by the developed method for one sample in the form of a ring. A good agreement was obtained between the results found by different methods. The thickness resonance is investigated, a technique for its measurement is developed.
Algorithm for indirect measurement method of parameters of passive complex conductance of a two-pole in a multi-pole electrical circuit
Authors: Nefed’ev A. I. , Sharonov G. I. , Sharonova V. G.
Published: February 2020

An algorithm is proposed for indirectly measuring the parameters of the passive complex conductivity of a two-terminal circuit, both separate and located in one of the branches of a multi-pole passive electric circuit of the triangle-type. A block diagram of a microprocessor measurement unit is presented. The algorithm of the indirect method for measuring the parameters of the passive complex conductivity of a two-terminal circuit, the rationale of which is given on the basis of the theory of matrices and undirected graphs, is considered. Equations for calculating the modulus and components of the studied passive complex conductivity of a two-terminal device located in a multi-pole electric circuit of the triangle-type are obtained. The revealed features of the proposed algorithm exclude a methodological error due to the influence of spurious parameters. Parasitic parameters include: input complex conductivities and transmission coefficients of voltage converters; complex conductivity of a harmonic signal source; passive complex conductivity of two-terminal circuits located in other branches of the studied passive multipolar electric circuit. The results of an experimental verification of the developed algorithm of the indirect method for measuring the module of the complex conductivity of a two-terminal device are presented. The developed algorithm can be used to measure the parameters of passive complex conductivity of both an individual two-terminal circuit and a two-terminal circuit located in one of the branches of a multi-pole passive electric circuit of the triangle-type, without the need for its separation into separate two-terminal devices.
Application of pyrometer and standard sample to determine surface temperature of studied materials
Authors: Mendeleyev V.Ya. , Petrov V.A. , Yashin A.V. , Vangonen A.I. , Taganov O.K.
Published: February 2020

Determining the surface temperature of materials with unknown emissivity is studied. A method for determining the surface temperature using a standard sample of average spectral normal emissivity in the wavelength range of 1,65–1,80 μm and an industrially produced Metis M322 pyrometer operating in the same wavelength range. The surface temperature of studied samples of the composite material and platinum was determined experimentally from the temperature of a standard sample located on the studied surfaces. The relative error in determining the surface temperature of the studied materials, introduced by the proposed method, was calculated taking into account the temperatures of the platinum and the composite material, determined from the temperature of the standard sample located on the studied surfaces, and from the temperature of the studied surfaces in the absence of the standard sample. The relative errors thus obtained did not exceed 1,7 % for the composite material and 0,5% for the platinum at surface temperatures of about 973 K. It was also found that: the inaccuracy of a priori data on the emissivity of the standard sample in the range (–0,01; 0,01) relative to the average emissivity increases the relative error in determining the temperature of the composite material by 0,68 %, and the installation of a standard sample on the studied materials leads to temperature changes on the periphery of the surface not exceeding 0,47 % for composite material and 0,05 % for platinum.
Determinants of Food Security Status amongst Smallholder Farmers Utilizing Different Maize Varieties in OR Tambo District, South Africa
Authors: Kambanje Ardinesh , Taruvinga Amon , Mushunje Abbyssinia , Mutengwa Charles , Ngarava Saul
Published: February 2020

Maize is an important staple crop for poverty reduction and global food security in Sub Saharan Africa. Food insecurity can be combated through adoption of productivity improving technologies, which include improved maize varieties. In that endeavour, South Africa has promoted various improved maize varieties which include open pollinated varieties (OPVs), hybrids, and genetically modified (GM) varieties. Despite this, the traditional landrace varieties have also been dominating in the country. However, the household food insecurity problem in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa may signify a mis-match between maize varieties being promoted amongst smallholder farmers’ and their needs. It therefore necessitates a scrutiny of the food security status among users of different maize varieties, and the determinants of such food security. A cross sectional survey was conducted in Port St Johns, Mqanduli and Flagstaff in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Data was purposively collected from a sample of 650 smallholder farmers using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Household Food Insecurity Access Score and ordinal logistic regression model were employed to characterize, examine the household food insecurity status and the determinants, respectively. Fifty-six percent of the respondents were utilizing land race maize varieties, whilst 29% GMs, 10% combining GMs and landrace, 4% improved OPVs and 1% convectional hybrids. The average land area under maize was 1.09 hectares with average yields (t/ha) of 1.9, 0.5, 1.7 and 1.6 for GM, landrace, conventional hybrids and improved OPVs respectively. Fifty-five percent of households utilizing GM varieties and 61% of those combining maize varieties were food secure. The regression model showed that maize variety had significant influence on food security. The study found that GM maize, improved OPV, white maize and combination effects of GM maize was associated with reduction of household food insecurity. From the study, it can be put into perspective that use of white and improved maize varieties reduces household food insecurity. Therefore, to address household food insecurity, the study recommended targeting white maize varieties, especially GM white maize varieties which are highly productive and a positive influence on household food security.
Analyzing Pakistan’s Geoeconomic and Geopolitical Importance to BRI
Authors: Gholizadeh Ali , Madani Seyed Ashkan , Saneinia Saba
Published: February 2020

The "Belt and Road" initiative (BRI) has built a bridge linking China with countries along the belt and road. BRI related issues are no longer an abstract debate, as many projects have been implementing or even have been completed in recent years. Pakistan, as a traditional friendly neighbor of China, has actively participated in the initiative, providing new opportunities for bilateral economic cooperation. With its China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), Pakistan plays a vital pivot. It becomes a lynchpin of BRI as CPEC connects important sea routes to western China, which is surrounded by land. This article, therefore, is an analysis of Pakistan’s role in the Chinese initiative, including geo-economic and geopolitical importance of Pakistan for China, and the importance of Gwadar port for China and projects of CPEC in Pakistan. Unlike current debates which usually conceptualized BRI in a hegemonic, mercantilism, or economic starcrafts context, this study finds the importance of geography and economic security concepts for both Pakistan and China as influential factors along with other factors.
M4 Muscarinic Receptors and Locomotor Activity Regulation
Authors: MYSLIVECEK J. , FARAR V. , VALUSKOVA P.
Published: February 2020

M4 muscarinic receptors (M4 MR) represent a subfamily of G-protein coupled receptors serving a substantial role in spontaneous locomotor activity regulation, cognition and modulation of cholinergic system. With increasing body of literature discussing the role of M4 MR some controversies arose. Thus, we try here to summarize the current evidence regarding the M4 MR, with the special focus on their role in locomotor activity control. We review the molecular function of M4 MR in specific brain areas implicated in locomotor regulation, and shortly in other CNS processes that could be connected to locomotor activity. We also focus on brain areas implicated in locomotor activity biorhythm changes like suprachiasmatic nucleus, subparaventricular zone posterior hypothalamic area, striatum and thalamus. Gender-related aspects and differences in locomotor activity in males and females are discussed further.
Effect of Essential Oils on Enzymatic Activities in the Intestinal Apparatus and Growth Ability of Laboratory Mice
Authors: MARCIN A. , NAĎ P.
Published: February 2020

The influence of essential oils (EOs) from medicinal and aromatic plants from sage (SA), cinnamon (CN), thyme (TH) and oregano (OR) on the amylolytic, proteolytic and cellulolytic activities in chyme of the duodenum (DU), the small (SI) and large intestine (LI), the caecum (CE) and the rectum (RE) as well as on the growth ability of laboratory ICR outbred mice were compared in four feeding trials. The negative control was present in the each trial. EOs were mixed into a feed mixture (crude protein (CP) 170.0, fibre 115.0, fat 27.0, lysine 7.0, methionine and cystine 6.7, Ca 9.0, P 6.0 g.kg-1 dry matter (DM), metabolic energy (ME) 10 MJ.kg-1 DM) of experimental group as follows: 1) 6 groups (n=36, age 63 days, period 14 days) SA, CN, TH, OR, the blend of SA with OR, the dosages of EOs 0.42 except OR 0.21 ml.100 g-1 feed, 2) 2 groups (n=12, age 28 days, period 30 days) blend of SA 0.42 with OR 0.21 ml.100 g-1 feed, 3) 3 groups (n=18, age 28 days, period 58 days) CN and TH, both 0.5 ml.100 g-1 feed, 4) 2 groups (n=12, age 28 days, period 8 days) the blend of CN with TH 0.42 ml.100 g-1 feed. The peroral intake of blend of EOs from OR with SA increased the weight gains by 25 %. Additionally, it stimulated the activities of digestive enzymes in the chyme of intestinal apparatus of laboratory mice in the experimental group compared to control as follows: amylolytic by 4,138 µmol.s-1.g-1 and proteolytic by 282.2 mg azoalbumin.min-1.g-1 in SI (p<0.01), cellulolytic by 23.58 in LI and by 34.87 mmol glucose.min-1.g-1 in CE (p<0.01).