bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sfr13 is a member of a large family of asymmetrically 1 localized Sfi1-repeat proteins and is important for basal body separation and stability inTetrahymena thermophila
Authors: Stemm-Wolf Alexander J. , Meehl Janet B. , Winey Mark
Published: February 2013

Directed fluid flow, which is achieved by the coordinated beating of motile cilia, is required for processes as diverse as cellular swimming, developmental patterning, and mucus clearance. Cilia are nucleated, anchored and aligned at the plasma membrane by basal bodies, cylindrical microtubule based structures with nine-fold radial symmetry. In the unicellular ciliate, Tetrahymena thermophila, two centrin family members associated with the basal body are important for both basal body organization and stabilization. We have identified a family of thirteen proteins in Tetrahymena containing centrin-binding repeats, related to those identified in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sfi1 protein, that we have named Sfr1-13 for Sfi1-repeat. Nine of the Sfr proteins localize in unique polarized patterns surrounding the basal body, suggesting non-identical roles in basal body organization and association with basal body accessory structures. Furthermore, the Sfr proteins are found in distinct basal body populations in Tetrahymena cells, indicating they are responsive to particular developmental programs. A complete genetic deletion of one of the family members, Sfr13, causes unstable basal bodies and defects in daughter basal body separation from the mother, phenotypes also observed with centrin disruption. It is likely the other Sfr family members are involved in distinct centrin functions, providing specificity to the tasks centrins perform at basal bodies.
How to Measure Client Satisfaction With Stop Smoking Services: A Pilot Project in the UK National Health Service
Authors: May Sylvia , McEwen Andy , Arnoldi Helen , Bauld Linda , Ferguson Janet , Stead Martine
Published: February 2013

This pilot study aimed to develop a tool and methodology for measuring client satisfaction in UK National Health (NHS) Stop Smoking Services (SSS). A brief postcard questionnaire (measuring overall satisfaction with the service, willingness to recommend the service to others and smoking status) and a complete questionnaire (with 20 additional items measuring satisfaction with specific elements of the service) were developed. An NHS SSS mailed the postcard to 298 clients who had set a quit date in the previous quarter, they mailed the complete questionnaire to a subsample of 99 clients. Overall 34% (100/298) of those surveyed responded: 30% (90/298) for the card and 25% (25/99) for the questionnaire (15 people responded to both). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were found to be acceptable for both the overall service satisfaction item (ICC value = .43, p = .05) and the item regarding recommending the service to others (ICC-value = .83, p < .001). Hence the tool had reliability and at least face validity and the survey methodology proved practicable. The small modifications made to service delivery and the need for future research are discussed.
Radio Frequency Powering of Microelectronic Sensor Modules
Authors: vom Bögel Gerd , Meyer Frederic , Kemmerling Martin
Published: February 2013

In RFID applications the power supply of transponders via electromagnetic field is state-of-the-art. In this presentation the use of electromagnetic energy will be discussed for the operation of sensor modules. Starting with the question, whether the omnipresent radiation from power supply networks, radio transmitters, and mobile phone base stations is useable (energy harvesting), the feasibility of the operation of self-sufficient sensor modules is explained. Ancillary conditions of typical applications (e. g. operating range) and technology are considered.
The Dissolution of the Monasteries and its Impact on Education in Tudor Times
Authors: Smoluk Marek
Published: February 2013

In 1536 the English Parliament under pressure from Henry VIII and the Lord Chancellor, Thomas Cromwell, gave its consent for the dissolution of the lesser monasteries and abbeys in the king’s realm, and three years later with the sanction of MPs some of the greater religious houses also suffered the same fate. The principal aim of this paper is to assess the importance of this political decision with a view to examining the progress being made in the field of education in England in the middle of the sixteenth century resultant upon this dissolution. The evaluation of the merits and demerits originating from the suppression of the English monasteries is made in terms of both primary and academic education. The answers to these key questions are preceded by a short analysis of the reputation monasteries and abbeys had acquired by that time. Also on a selective basis, some opinions have been presented here to provide an overall picture of the standing of the monks and nuns and their concomitant activities, as perceived through the eyes of English society; the eminent scholars and humanists In particular. Subsequently, before assessing the consequences resulting from the dissolution of the religious houses in England, some consideration is given to the reasoning and rationale which lay behind both Henry VIII and his Lord Chancellor’s political decisions.
Galactosemia: diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Serafinceanu Nakisa , Cucu I C , Serafinceanu C
Published: February 2013

Galactosemia is a hereditary metabolic disease, having autosomal recessivetransmission. It can be the result of three distinct enzyme deficits on the path ofgalactose metabolism: Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (GALT),Galactokinase and UDP-glucose 4-epimerase (GALE). The symptoms and signsappear in the first 2-3 days of life and has a poor prognosis: repeated haemorrhages,modified liver tests, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, sistemic infections, especiallywith gram-negative bacteria (usually E coli), liver and renal failure, cataract. Thenewborn metabolic screening plays a decisive role in early detection ofgalactosemia.
A Materials Life Cycle Assessment of a Net-Zero Energy Building
Authors: Thiel Cassandra , Campion Nicole , Landis Amy , Jones Alex , Schaefer Laura , Bilec Melissa
Published: February 2013

This study analyzed the environmental impacts of the materials phase of a net-zero energy building. The Center for Sustainable Landscapes (CSL) is a three-story, 24,350 square foot educational, research, and administrative office in Pittsburgh, PA, USA. This net-zero energy building is designed to meet Living Building Challenge criteria. The largest environmental impacts from the production of building materials is from concrete, structural steel, photovoltaic (PV) panels, inverters, and gravel. Comparing the LCA results of the CSL to standard commercial structures reveals a 10% larger global warming potential and a nearly equal embodied energy per square feet, largely due to the CSL’s PV system. As a net-zero energy building, the environmental impacts associated with the use phase are expected to be very low relative to standard structures. Future studies will incorporate the construction and use phases of the CSL for a more comprehensive life cycle perspective.
Synthesis of SF5-containing benzisoxazoles, quinolines, and quinazolines by the Davis reaction of nitro-(pentafluorosulfanyl)benzenes
Authors: Beier Petr , Pastýříková Tereza
Published: February 2013

Meta- or para-nitro-(pentafluorosulfonyl)benzenes underwent the Davis reaction with arylacetonitriles to provide the SF5-containing benzisoxazoles. Good yields were obtained with arylacetonitriles containing the electron-neutral or electron-donor group, while those with the electron-acceptor group were found to be unreactive. Reductions of the benzisoxazoles gave ortho-aminobenzophenones in high yields. Their synthetic utility was demonstrated by condensation reactions with carbonyl compounds or amines to provide SF5-containing quinolines and quinazolines, respectively.
Architecting Enterprises for IT-Enabled Value Creation
Authors: SenGupta Siddhartha
Published: February 2013

In spite of rapid strides in evolving architecture processes that can help enterprises leverage IT for creating value, shortcomings are widely perceived. In this paper, the author discusses four points beginning with structuring the enterprise, partitioning enterprise capabilities, standardized core and support functions, and the internal and external relations contain the complexity of architecture initiatives and prioritize value-enhancing changes. Next, business value and its measurement is discussed. Although value is ultimately economic, it is difficult to measure. The author proposes an enhanced version of the standardized and functionally-partitioned Level 1 Performance Measures proposed by the Supply Chain Council. Maximizing returns from IT assets is then examined, with globalization increasing the complexities of scale and scope, the major benefits from IT are increasingly in deploying science to automate enterprise planning. Lastly, architecting for value, IT enabled Part II is addressed. A subsequent paper will study the application through a case study and share recommendations for IT services vendors.
User Charges and Solid Wastes Generation in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Sunday Ayadi Folorunso
Published: February 2013

Solid waste is a major disutility of urbanization in Nigeria as rapid urbanization combined with industrialization in Nigerian cities have created greater concentration of wastes than what these cities’ systems can possibly assimilate. One state where this problem is most severe is Lagos State. The size of the state, coupled with the other factors like population trend, topography, concentration of industries act as potential threat to the limited carrying capacity of the environment. Therefore, if the present annual growth rate in population of 6-8% is to be sustained, there should be an urgent need to de-link economic activities from environmental degradation via an efficient waste management strategy that focuses on waste minimization among others. This research analyzed the impact of user charges, recycling incentive (price of recyclables) and weather variables on both residential and commercial sectors. In addition, income and population density variables were included for the household model using the OLS and ARIMA model. The author found that user charges negatively impacts on waste quantities. Weather variable (temperature) positively influenced wastes quantities. The author recommends the use of variable user charges set appropriately and the encouragement of recycling in the state.
Exploration in Intellectual Capital Practice
Authors: Lee Rongbin W.B. , Lui Cherie C.Y. , Yip Jessica Y.T. , Tsui Eric. Y.H.
Published: February 2013

Historically, Intellectual Capital (IC) has drawn the attention of researchers and practitioners as a new framework to assess the new competitiveness of firms and organizations in the knowledge economy. The enthusiasm dies down gradually as either the method is considered to be too general as compared with other performance measurement tools or non-mandatory as compared to other orthodox accounting methods that are already in place. This chapter links the professional IC management practices to a framework of Knowledge Management (KM) process to identify new methods and approaches. An intellectual capital management reference model is put forward to link the practice of intellectual capital and primary knowledge management functions. Three examples are selected to enrich the methodological scope and applications of IC practices. These include open elicitation of IC value tree and IC strategy map, mapping value, activity, and knowledge of unstructured business process and knowledge mining, and discovery of intellectual capital from unstructured information.
It’s Not All Fun and Games
Authors: Kelly Hope , Johnson Margeaux C.
Published: February 2013

This chapter explores the design and development process for the iLOOK game, a grant-funded educational game about information literacy at a large public university. This case is presented through the eyes of Leslie Anderson, a young librarian who is passionate about the subject matter but lacks the technical skills and managerial experience to implement her vision. It describes the challenges and successes of coordinating the project across departments with varying cultures. The key players include: a library content team, a computer science programming lab group, a humanities undergraduate research group, and an expert on educational games. Enthusiastic about the potential of games to enhance undergraduate students’ ability to access, evaluate, and use information, the partners began working on the grant with campus-wide support. However, they quickly ran into issues.
Work Integrated E-Learning in Public Administration
Authors: Martins Jorge Tiago , Martins Rosa Maria
Published: February 2013

This chapter describes the experience of the Portuguese School Libraries Network (SLN) – an agency of the Ministry of Education and Science – as a case study in the development of work integrated e-learning in Public Administration. In 2008, SLN developed the School Libraries Evaluation Model (SLEM), with the objective of collecting information about how school libraries (SLs) across the country operate and contribute to effective teaching and learning. Since 2010, schools have been invited to identify and self-evaluate performance across key domains, for which a set of critical success factors, assessment indicators, and performance levels is established. The application of SLEM implied that schools would have to deal with new management concepts and techniques, and become conversant with working methods that were until then unfamiliar to them. Two professional groups were pivotal in this process: (i) inter-municipal advisers (IMAs), and (ii) teacher librarians (TLs). These were the two sets of civil servants who benefited from the design and implementation of a work-based online training program specifically designed to familiarize them with the rationale and with the particulars of SLEM. The following sections of this chapter contextualize the operation of SLN, provide insight into application of SLEM, and discuss in more detail the key characteristics of the trainee-centered e-learning environment that has been established to facilitate the training of IMAs and TLs. Particular emphasis will be given to the issues of organizational support, instructional design, and alignment of instructional contents with performance requirements.
Some Perspectives on Network Modeling in Therapeutic Target Prediction
Authors: Albert Reka , DasGupta Bhaskar , Mobasheri Nasim
Published: February 2013

Drug target identification is of significant commercial interest to pharmaceutical companies, and there is a vast amount of research done related to the topic of therapeutic target identification. Interdisciplinary research in this area involves both the biological network community and the graph algorithms community. Key steps of a typical therapeutic target identification problem include synthesizing or inferring the complex network of interactions relevant to the disease, connecting this network to the disease-specific behavior, and predicting which components are key mediators of the behavior. All of these steps involve graph theoretical or graph algorithmic aspects. In this perspective, we provide modelling and algorithmic perspectives for therapeutic target identification and highlight a number of algorithmic advances, which have gotten relatively little attention so far, with the hope of strengthening the ties between these two research communities.
Filamentary structure in chemical tracer distributions near the subtropical jet following a wave breaking event
Authors: Ungermann J. , Pan L. L. , Kalicinsky C. , Olschewski F. , Knieling P. , Blank J. , Weigel K. , Guggenmoser T. , Stroh F. , Hoffmann L. , Riese M.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. This paper presents a set of observations and analyses of trace gas cross-sections in the extratropical upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS). The spatially highly-resolved (≈0.5 km vertically and 12.5 km horizontally) cross-sections of ozone (O3), nitric acid (HNO3), and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), retrieved from the measurements of the CRISTA-NF infrared limb sounder flown on the Russian M55-Geophysica, revealed intricate layer structures in the region of the subtropical tropopause break. The chemical structure in this region shows an intertwined stratosphere and troposphere. The observed filaments in all discussed trace gases are of a spatial scale of less than 0.8 km vertically and about 200 km horizontally across the jet-stream. Backward trajectory calculations confirm that the observed filaments are the result of a breaking Rossby wave in the preceding days. An analysis of the trace gas relationships between PAN and O3 identifies four distinct groups of air mass: polluted subtropical tropospheric air, clean tropical upper-tropospheric air, the lowermost stratospheric air, and air from the deep stratosphere. The tracer relationships further allow the identification of tropospheric, stratospheric, and the transitional air mass made of a mixture of UT and LS air. Mapping of these air mass types onto the geo-spatial location in the cross-sections reveals a highly structured extratropical transition layer (ExTL). Finally, the ratio between the measured reactive nitrogen species (HNO3 + PAN + ClONO2) and O3 is analysed to estimate the influence of tropospheric pollution on the extratropical UTLS. In combination, these diagnostics provide the first example of a multi-species two-dimensional picture of a chemically inhomogeneous UTLS region. Since Rossby wave breaking occurs frequently in the region of the tropopause break, these observed fine scale filaments are likely ubiquitous in the region. The implications of the layered structure for chemistry and radiation need to be examined, and the representation of this structure in chemistry-climate models is discussed.
Stack emission monitoring using non-dispersive infrared with optimized nonlinear absorption cross-interference correction algorithm
Authors: Sun Y.-W. , Liu C. , Chan K.-L. , Xie P.-H. , Liu W.-Q. , Zeng Y. , Wang S.-M. , Huang S.-H. , Chen J. , Wang Y.-P. , Si F.-Q.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. In this paper, we present an optimized analysis algorithm for non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) to monitor stack emissions. The newly developed analysis algorithm simultaneously compensates for nonlinear absorption and cross-interference between different gases. We present a mathematical derivation for the measurement error caused by variations in interference coefficients when nonlinear absorption occurs. The optimized algorithm is derived from a classical one and uses interference functions to quantify cross-interference. The interference functions vary proportionally with the nonlinear absorption. Thus, interference coefficients among different gases can be modeled by the interference functions whether gases are characterized by linear or nonlinear absorption. In this study, the simultaneous analysis of two components (CO2 and CO) serves as an example for the validation of the optimized algorithm. The interference functions in this case can be obtained by least-squares fitting with three-order polynomials. Experiments show that the results of cross-interference correction are improved significantly by utilizing fitted interference functions when nonlinear absorptions occur. The dynamic measurement ranges of CO2 and CO are improved by about a factor of 1.8 and 3.5, respectively. A commercial NDIR multi-gas analyzer with high accuracy was used to validate the CO and CO2 measurements derived from the NDIR analyzer prototype in which the new cross-interference correction algorithm was embedded. Both measurements well agreed.
Learning to rank using smoothing methods for language modeling
Authors: Lin Yuan , Lin Hongfei , Xu Kan , Sun Xiaoling
Published: February 2013

The central issue in language model estimation is smoothing, which is a technique for avoiding zero probability estimation problem and overcoming data sparsity. There are three representative smoothing methods: Jelinek‐Mercer (JM) method; Bayesian smoothing using Dirichlet priors (Dir) method; and absolute discounting (Dis) method, whose parameters are usually estimated empirically. Previous research in information retrieval (IR) on smoothing parameter estimation tends to select a single value from optional values for the collection, but it may not be appropriate for all the queries. The effectiveness of all the optional values should be considered to improve the ranking performance. Recently, learning to rank has become an effective approach to optimize the ranking accuracy by merging the existing retrieval methods. In this article, the smoothing methods for language modeling in information retrieval (LMIR) with different parameters are treated as different retrieval methods, then a learning to rank approach to learn a ranking model based on the features extracted by smoothing methods is presented. In the process of learning, the effectiveness of all the optional smoothing parameters is taken into account for all queries. The experimental results on the Learning to Rank for Information Retrieval (LETOR) LETOR3.0 and LETOR4.0 data sets show that our approach is effective in improving the performance of LMIR.
Eye Movement Difficulties in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Implications for Implicit Contextual Learning
Authors: Kourkoulou Anastasia , Kuhn Gustav , Findlay John M. , Leekam Susan R.
Published: February 2013

It is widely accepted that we use contextual information to guide our gaze when searching for an object. People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) also utilise contextual information in this way; yet, their visual search in tasks of this kind is much slower compared with people without ASD. The aim of the current study was to explore the reason for this by measuring eye movements. Eye movement analyses revealed that the slowing of visual search was not caused by making a greater number of fixations. Instead, participants in the ASD group were slower to launch their first saccade, and the duration of their fixations was longer. These results indicate that slowed search in ASD in contextual learning tasks is not due to differences in the spatial allocation of attention but due to temporal delays in the initial‐reflexive orienting of attention and subsequent‐focused attention. These results have broader implications for understanding the unusual attention profile of individuals with ASD and how their attention may be shaped by learning. Autism Res 2013, 6: 177–189. © 2013 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The longitudinal association of childhood school engagement with adult educational and occupational achievement: findings from an Australian national study
Authors: Abbott‐Chapman Joan , Martin Kara , Ollington Nadia , Venn Alison , Dwyer Terry , Gall Seana
Published: February 2013

The research investigated the association between school engagement and adult education and occupation outcomes, within the context of a 1985 Australian longitudinal national cohort study of the factors affecting children's long‐term health and well‐being. School engagement may be more modifiable than other factors related to academic success, such as academic attainment, which is influenced by family background. A School Engagement Index was constructed using questionnaire items on school enjoyment and boredom. Related school engagement items included learner self‐concept, motivation to learn, sense of belonging, participation in school or extra‐mural activities, and enjoyment of physical activity. In 2004–2006, participants (aged 26 to 30 years) reported their highest level of education achieved and current occupation. Potential covariates included age, sex, markers of socio‐economic status in childhood, personality and school‐level variables (i.e., number of students, single sex versus co‐education; government, private or independent). Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of achieving post‐compulsory school education and achieving higher status occupations. Findings revealed that each unit of school engagement was independently associated with a 10% higher odds (OR 1.10 95% CI 1.01,1.21) of achieving a post‐compulsory school education. Maternal education, self‐concept as a learner, motivation to learn, all also significantly predicted achieving post‐compulsory school education. School engagement was found to mediate the association between the personality characteristic of agreeableness and education outcomes. Higher school engagement was also independently associated with achieving higher status occupations 20 years later (OR 1.11 95% CI 1.03, 1.20). Importantly, this was independent of a host of background factors.
Changes in immune functions during a peaking period in male university soccer players
Authors: Ueno Yuichi , Umeda Takashi , Takahashi Ippei , Iwane Kaori , Okubo Noriyuki , Kuroiwa Jun , Miyazawa Maki , Osato Reiko , Yoneda Katsuro , Nakaji Shigeyuki
Published: February 2013

The concept of peaking ensures that athletes have trained to attain their absolute peak performance levels prior to a competition. This study investigates the effects of peaking on the functions of neutrophils and lymphocytes in university soccer players during a five‐day soccer training camp followed by two weeks of tapering. The study subjects were 22 soccer players who were members of a university soccer club. We carried out our investigation during a five‐day training camp and two weeks after the training camp (i.e. the tapering period). We measured body composition, immune‐related parameters (leukocyte count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, immunoglobulins and complements), myogenic enzymes, superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and neutrophil functions [reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, phagocytic activity, serum opsonic activity and lymphocyte subtypes]. Leukocyte and neutrophil counts tend to increase after the training camp compared with values before the training camp, and recovered during the conditioning period, although the final values were still lower than those before the training camp. The amount of ROS production per neutrophil and level of SOD decreased significantly during the conditioning period compared with before the training camp (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, respectively). Levels of Th1 cells decreased significantly during the conditioning period compared with the training camp (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the period of two weeks for the tapering period was considered insufficient to allow the athletes’ immune function to recover completely after an intensive training camp. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanistic Studies on the SCS‐Pincer Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Tandem Stannylation/Electrophilic Allylic Substitution of Allyl Chlorides with Hexamethylditin and Benzaldehydes
Authors: Pijnenburg Niels J. M. , Cabon Yves H. M. , van Koten Gerard , Klein Gebbink Robertus J. M.
Published: February 2013

This paper describes a mechanistic study of the SCS‐pincer PdII‐catalyzed auto‐tandem reaction consisting of the stannylation of cinnamyl chloride with hexamethylditin, followed by an electrophilic allylic substitution of the primary tandem‐reaction product with 4‐nitrobenzaldehyde to yield homoallylic alcohols as the secondary tandem products. As it turned out, the anticipated stannylation product, cinnamyl trimethylstannane, is not a substrate for the second part of the tandem reaction. These studies have provided insight in the catalytic behavior of SCS‐pincer PdII complexes in the auto‐tandem reaction and on the formation and possible involvement of Pd0 species during prolonged reaction times. This has led to optimized reaction conditions in which the overall tandem reaction proceeds through SCS‐pincer PdII‐mediated catalysis, that is, true auto‐tandem catalysis. Accordingly, this study has provided the appropriate reaction conditions that allow the pincer catalysts to be recycled and reused.
Do Intrinsically Disordered Proteins Possess High Specificity in Protein–Protein Interactions?
Authors: Huang Yongqi , Liu Zhirong
Published: February 2013

Specific protein–protein interactions are critical to cellular function. Structural flexibility and disorder‐to‐order transitions upon binding enable intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) to overcome steric restrictions and form complementary binding interfaces, and thus, IDPs are widely considered to have high specificity and low affinity for molecular recognition. However, flexibility may also enable IDPs to form complementary binding interfaces with misbinding partners, resulting in a great number of nonspecific interactions. Consequently, it is questionable whether IDPs really possess high specificity. In this work, we investigated this question from a thermodynamic viewpoint. We collected mutant thermodynamic data for 35 ordered protein complexes and 43 disordered protein complexes. We found that the enthalpy–entropy compensation for disordered protein complexes was more complete than that for ordered protein complexes. We further simulated the binding processes of ordered and disordered protein complexes under mutations. Simulation data confirmed the observation of experimental data analyses and further revealed that disordered protein complexes possessed smaller changes in binding free energy than ordered protein complexes under the same mutation perturbations. Therefore, interactions of IDPs are more malleable than those of ordered proteins due to their structural flexibility in the complex. Our results provide new clues for exploring the relationship between protein flexibility, adaptability, and specificity.
Removal of Two Pharmaceutically Active Compounds from Aqueous Phase Using an Engineered Floodplain Filtration System
Authors: Behera Shishir Kumar , Rene Eldon R. , Park Hung‐Suck
Published: February 2013

This study investigated the removal of two model pharmaceutically active compounds (PhAcs), viz., ibuprofen and triclosan, in lab‐scale engineered floodplain filtration (EFF) system. Biodegradation experiments were performed to acquire knowledge about the degradation of the targeted PhAcs, at an initial concentration of 350 µg/L. Biodegradation results showed that the two compounds were bio‐transformed to >70% after 15 days of incubation. Column tests were performed in a statistically significant manner to determine the adsorptive potential of the suggested filler layer in the EFF (C/C0), by varying the flow rate and initial concentration of the compound. It was observed based on the F and p‐values that the main effects (F = 3163, p < 0.005) were more significant than the interactive effects (F = 9561, p < 0.05) for both ibuprofen and triclosan removal. Besides, by performing the Student's “t” test, it was concluded that the flow rate plays a major role in determining the rapidness of achieving complete breakthrough than the initial concentration of both the compounds. The data obtained from column studies under biotic conditions indicated that the removal mechanism for PhAcs is mainly biotransformation based, and that an EFF system may be effectively used to remove these emerging compounds during ground water recharge for water recycling.
Enantioselective Ir‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Minimally Functionalized Olefins Using Pyranoside Phosphinite‐Oxazoline Ligands
Authors: Mazuela Javier , Pàmies Oscar , Diéguez Montserrat
Published: February 2013

Pyranoside phosphinite‐oxazoline ligands prepared from readily available (+)‐D‐glucosamine were applied to the Ir‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of minimally functionalized olefins. Our results show that the enantioselectivity is dependent on the ozaxoline and the phosphinite moieties and the substrate structure. By carefully selecting the ligand components, enantioselectivities up to 99 % were obtained in the asymmetric reduction of several (E)‐ and (Z)‐trisubstituted and 1,1‐disubstituted olefins. The asymmetric hydrogenation was also performed using propylene carbonate as solvent, which allowed the iridium catalysts to be reused and maintained the high enantioselectivities.
Asymmetric Synthesis of (1,5)Naphthalenophanes by Dehydro‐Diels–Alder Reaction
Authors: Wessig Pablo , Matthes Annika , Schilde Uwe , Kelling Alexandra
Published: February 2013

An asymmetric variant of the dehydro‐Diels–Alder (DDA) reaction has been developed and applied in the atropselective synthesis of various (1,5)naphthalenophanes. Whereas the suitability of the photochemically induced DDA (PDDA) was limited, the thermally induced DDA provided the desired product, depending on the chiral auxiliary used and the length of the linker, with nearly perfect stereoselectivity. Furthermore, the mechanism of the DDA was investigated by means of DFT calculations, and a stepwise mechanism involving 1,4‐biradicals was suggested.
Folding and stability of helical bundle proteins from coarse‐grained models
Authors: Kapoor Abhijeet , Travesset Alex
Published: February 2013

We develop a coarse‐grained model where solvent is considered implicitly, electrostatics are included as short‐range interactions, and side‐chains are coarse‐grained to a single bead. The model depends on three main parameters: hydrophobic, electrostatic, and side‐chain hydrogen bond strength. The parameters are determined by considering three level of approximations and characterizing the folding for three selected proteins (training set). Nine additional proteins (containing up to 126 residues) as well as mutated versions (test set) are folded with the given parameters. In all folding simulations, the initial state is a random coil configuration. Besides the native state, some proteins fold into an additional state differing in the topology (structure of the helical bundle). We discuss the stability of the native states, and compare the dynamics of our model to all atom molecular dynamics simulations as well as some general properties on the interactions governing folding dynamics. Proteins 2013; 81:1200–1211. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Euromarriages in Spain: Recent Trends and Patterns in the Context of European Integration
Authors: Medrano Juan Díez , Cortina Clara , Safranoff Ana , Castro‐Martín Teresa
Published: February 2013

This article examines recent trends and patterns in binational marriages between European citizens in Spain over a 20‐year period and the sociodemographic profile and nationality composition of these binational marriages. The analysis relies on aggregate marriage statistics and on marriage register microdata for 2008–2009. We use odds ratios to monitor trends and characteristics of binational marriages and multinomial regression to further examine the sociodemographic profile of these couples. The analysis of marriage records reveals only a modest rise in Euromarriages over the 1990–2009 period. This moderate increase in Euromarriages points towards a weak social impact of the European single market. Moreover, the analysis also suggests that binational marriages more often involve lesser‐educated than more‐educated individuals. Finally, findings on the social and nationality compositions of binational marriages conform to theoretical predictions drawn from the literatures of marriage markets, endogamy, and social hypergamy. They show that the affinity between Spaniards and European Union (EU‐15) citizens is lesser than that between Spaniards and non‐Europeans (i.e. Latin Americans). They also show that patterns of binational marriages are highly gender specific. Whereas the affinity between Spanish women and EU‐15 men is higher than the affinity between Spanish women and ‘new’ European men, the affinity between Spanish men and ‘new’ European women is higher than the affinity between Spanish men and EU‐15 women. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accretion and outflow of gas in Markarian 509
Authors: Kaastra Jelle , Petrucci Pierre-Olivier , Cappi Massimo , Arav Nahum , Behar Ehud , Bianchi Stefano , Branduardi-Raymont Graziella , Costantini Elisa , Ebrero Jacobo , Kriss Jerry , Mehdipour Missagh , Paltani Stephane , Pinto Ciro , Ponti Gabriele , Steenbrugge Katrien , de Vries Cor
Published: February 2013

A major uncertainty in models for photoionised outflows in AGN is the distance of the gas to the central black hole. We present the results of a massive multiwavelength monitoring campaign on the bright Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 509 to constrain the location of the outflow components dominating the soft X-ray band. Mrk 509 was monitored by XMM-Newton, Integral, Chandra, HST/COS and Swift in 2009. We have studied the response of the photoionised gas to the changes in the ionising flux produced by the central regions. We were able to put tight constraints on the variability of the absorbers from day to year time scales. This allowed us to develop a model for the time-dependent photoionisation in this source. We find that the more highly ionised gas producing most X-ray line opacity is at least 5 pc away from the core; upper limits to the distance of various absorbing components range between 20 pc up to a few kpc. The more lowly ionised gas producing most UV line opacity is at least 100 pc away from the nucleus. These results point to an origin of the dominant, slow (v<1000 km s−1) outflow components in the NLR or torus-region of Mrk 509. We find that while the kinetic luminosity of the outflow is small, the mass carried away is likely larger than the 0.5 Solar mass per year accreting onto the black hole. We also determined the chemical composition of the outflow as well as valuable constraints on the different emission regions. We find for instance that the resolved component of the Fe-K line originates from a region 40–1000 gravitational radii from the black hole, and that the soft excess is produced by Comptonisation in a warm (0.2–1 keV), optically thick (τ~ 10–20) corona near the inner part of the disk.
Fallback Disks, Magnetars and Other Neutron Stars
Authors: Alpar M. Ali , Çalışkan Ş. , Ertan Ü.
Published: February 2013

The presence of matter with angular momentum, in the form of a fallback disk around a young isolated neutron star will determine its evolution. This leads to an understanding of many properties of different classes of young neutron stars, in particular a natural explanation for the period clustering of AXPs, SGRs and XDINs. The spindown or spinup properties of a neutron star are determined by the dipole component of the magnetic field. The natural possibility that magnetars and other neutron stars may have different strengths of the dipole and higher multipole components of the magnetic field is now actually required by observations on the spindown rates of some magnetars. This talk gives a broad overview and some applications of the fallback disk model to particular neutron stars. Salient points are: (i) A fallback disk has already been observed around the AXP 4U 0142+61 some years ago. (ii) The low observed spindown rate of the SGR 0418+5729 provides direct evidence that the dipole component of the field is in the 1012G range. All properties of the SGR 0418+5729 at its present age can be explained by spindown under torques from a fallback disk. (iii) The anomalous braking index of PSR J1734-3333 can also be explained by the fallback disk model which gives the luminosity, period, period derivative and the period second derivative at the present age. (iv) These and all applications to a variety of other sources employ the same disk physics and evolution, differing only in the initial conditions of the disk.
Degenerates with Dusty Disks: White Dwarfs and Cataclysmic Variables in the Infrared
Authors: Hoard D. W.
Published: February 2013

Recent infrared observations, particularly from the Spitzer Space Telescope and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, of white dwarfs, cataclysmic variables and other interacting compact binaries, have revealed the presence of dust in many systems. I briefly review the discovery and observational properties of dust around white dwarfs and cataclysmic variables.
The submillimeter properties of AE Aqr
Authors: Torkelsson Ulf
Published: February 2013

AE Aqr is a cataclysmic variable consisting of a magnetised white dwarf with a spin period of 33 s, and a K-dwarf companion. Because of the rapid spin the magnetosphere of the white dwarf the matter that is flowing over from the secondary cannot accrete onto the white dwarf, and rather it is ejected from the system. AE Aqr is subject to extended flaring activity at all wavelengths from radio via optical to X-rays. I present observations of AE Aqr at 345 and 850 GHz using the LABOCA and SABOCA bolometers on APEX. These observations are good enough to distinguish individual flares at both 345 and 850 GHz, and the SABOCA observation is the first measurement of the system at 850 GHz.
The broad line emission from the AGN 3C 390.3: complex broad-line region and perturbation in accretion disk
Authors: Dragana Ilić , Popović Luka Č. , Shapovalova Alla I. , Burenkov Alexander N. , Chavushyan Vahram H. , Kovačević Andjelka , Kollatschny Wolfram
Published: February 2013

From 13-years of the spectral optical monitoring of a well-known broad-line radio galaxy 3C 390.3 we concluded that the geometry of the broad emission-line region is complex, while still the main part of the emission is coming from the accretion disk. Here we present part of the analysis of the broad Hα and Hβ emission lines, which are showing highly variable double-peaked profiles during the monitoring period (1995-2007), with the aim to probe the accretion disk properties. The disk-like geometry plays a dominant role, but the variability of Hα and Hβ line profiles and intensities shows a presence of an additional emission-line region, that has a different nature for different periods, e.g. in one period the observed variation can be well modeled if one assumes changes in position and size of the emitting disk along the accretion disk.
Cross-correlation of X-rays for 4U 1608–52
Authors: Lei Y. J. , Zhang H. T. , Luo A. L. , Zhao Y. H.
Published: February 2013

We study the cross-correlation between X-rays of different energies for the atoll-type source 4U 1608–52 with RXTE, and find the cross-correlation evolutes along the different branches. The anti-correlation is reported from the Galactic black hole candidates and Z-type luminous sources in their hard states. Our results are a little different from the Z-type sources. Here we provide the first evidence that a similar anti-correlated feature can also be found in atoll-type source, and it is not corresponding to the lowest accretion rate.
Multi-resonance orbital model of HF QPOs
Authors: Stuchlík Zdeněk , Kotrlová Andrea , Török Gabriel
Published: February 2013

Using known frequencies of the twin peak high-frequency quasiperiodic oscillations (HF QPOs) and known mass M of the central black hole, the black-hole dimensionless spin a can be determined assuming a concrete version of the resonance model. However, large range of observationally limited values of the black hole mass implies a low precision of the spin estimates. We discuss the possibility of higher precision of the black hole spin a measurements in the framework of multi-resonance model inspired by observations of more than two HF QPOs in some black hole sources. We determine the spin and mass dependence of the twin peak frequencies with a general rational ratio n:m assuming a non-linear resonance of oscillations with the epicyclic and Keplerian frequencies or their combinations. In the multi-resonant model, the twin peak resonances are combined properly to give the observed frequency set. We focus on the special case of duplex frequencies, when the top, bottom, or mixed frequency is common at two different radii where the resonances occur giving triple frequency sets.
Jet and kHz QPO-Accreting Pulsar and Bottom Magnetic Field
Authors: Pan Yuanyue , Zhang Chengmin
Published: February 2013

The bottom magnetic fields of neutron stars (NSs) in LMXBs are found to be proportionally related to their accretion rate, i.e. Z (Atoll) source with Eddington (less Eddington) rate is associated with a stronger value of about B ~109 G (B ~108 G). We discuss the relation between the jet formation of NS and its bottom magnetic field strength, and pointed out that the accretion powered millisecond pulsar will not exclude the jet production, furthermore the appearance of kHz QPOs may be also coexistence with the jets. The observer's viewing angle to the NS rotating axis may be a significant factor for observing the jet, pulsar or kHz QPO.
Study of the parsec-scale jet in the blazar 3C 66A with VLBA
Authors: Zhao Guang-Yao , Chen Yong-Jun , Shen Zhi-Qiang , Sudou Hiroshi , Iguchi Satoru , Murata Yasuhiro , Taniguchi Yoshiaki
Published: February 2013

We report 4-epoch VLBA observations of 3C 66A at 22GHz. The resulting images show a typical core-jet structure. We combine our results with some previous results to investigate the proper motions of the jet components. The kinematics of 3C 66A is quite complicated; mildly superluminal motions as well as apparent inward motions have been detected for some components. The inward motions may imply position change of the observed core.
Simulating the X-ray evolution of late-type galaxies with population synthesis
Authors: Zuo Zhao-yu , Li Xiang-dong
Published: February 2013

Using an evolutionary population synthesis code, we modeled the global emission of X-ray binaries in late-type galaxies, its relations with other physical properties (i.e., optical luminosity, stellar mass, etc.) of the galaxies, and their evolution with redshift over the cosmic history, which may be investigated further by future high-resolution X-ray and optical observations.
Accretion and pulsation of IU Per based on INTEGRAL and ground base photometry
Authors: Kundra Emil , Hric Ladislav , Gális Rudolf
Published: February 2013

IU Persei (IU Per) is an eclipsing semi detached (SD) binary with pulsating component (oscillating eclipsing Algol - oEA). Using our ground base photometry in Johnson's B and V filters and INTEGRAL/OMC (Optical Monitoring Camera) data in V filter we introduce the model of this system. We determined the (O - C) diagram behavior. Moreover, the short term variations of the light curve were detected. Whats more, we obtained residua, by comparison of observational and synthetic light curves (LC), of which the detailed period analysis enabled to characterize and localize their source, that can be explained as the pulsation activity of the primary component. The secondary, less massive component, is beyond the instability belt on H-R diagram and fulfills its Roche lobe. The accreting primary component pulsates in modes typical for the δ Scuti stars.
Modelling of the physiological response of the brain to ischaemic stroke
Authors: Orlowski Piotr , O'Neill David , Grau Vicente , Ventikos Yiannis , Payne Stephen
Published: February 2013

Identification of salvageable brain tissue is a major challenge when planning the treatment of ischaemic stroke. As the standard technique used in this context, the
perfusion–diffusion mismatch
, has not shown total accuracy, there is an ongoing search for new imaging protocols that could better identify the region of the brain at risk and for new physiological models that could, on the one hand, incorporate the imaged parameters and predict the evolution of the condition for the individual, and, on the other hand, identify future biomarkers and thus suggest new directions for the design of imaging protocols. Recently, models of cellular metabolism after stroke and blood–brain barrier transport at tissue level have been introduced. We now extend these results by developing a model of the propagation of key metabolites in the brain's extracellular space owing to stroke-related oedema and chemical concentration gradients between the ischaemic and normal brain. We also couple the resulting chemical changes in the extracellular space with cellular metabolism. Our work enables the first patient-specific simulations of stroke progression with finite volume models to be made.