Deep Vein Thrombosis in the Second Trimester of Pregnancy: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors:   Gynecology and Obstetrics Resident. Hospital General de Cancún “Dr. Jesús Kumate Rodriguez”, Secretaría de Salud. Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán., Román Roselin Arlet May , Canché Binui Kumul ,   Gynecologist and Obstetrician. Hospital General de Cancún “Dr. Jesús Kumate Rodriguez”, Secretaría de Salud., Estrada Jesús Loyo ,   Gynecologist and Obstetrician. Hospital General de Cancún “Dr. Jesús Kumate Rodriguez”, Secretaría de Salud., Oca Anthony Montiel Montes de ,   Gynecology and Obstetrics Resident. Hospital General ISSSTE Tampico. Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas., Peñaloza Esperanza Cardenas ,   Gynecology and Obstetrics Resident. Hospital General ISSSTE León. Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo., Alvárez Fernando Interian ,   Gynecology and Obstetrics Resident. Hospital Regional “Elvia carrillo Puerto”, ISSSTE. Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán., Grimaldo Frida Serrano ,   Gynecology and Obstetrics Resident. Clinica Hospital “Dr. Rafael Barba Ocampo”, ISSSTE. Universidad Autónoma del estado de Morelos., Acosta Viridiana Noemí Victoria ,   Gynecology and Obstetrics Resident. Hospital General de Cancún “Dr. Jesús Kumate Rodriguez”, Secretaría de Salud. Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán., Echeverría Alexis Emir Noguera ,   Surgical Resident. Clínica Hospital Mérida, ISSSTE. Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán., Guerrero María Fernanda Ibarra ,   Pediatrics Resident. Clínica Hospital Mérida, ISSSTE. Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán., Hernández Héctor Alejandro Soto ,   Hospital General B ISSSTE, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua. Universidad Autónoma de Guanajuato., Cabrales Issa Paulina Sáenz ,   Christus Muguerza Hospital del Parque. Universidad de Monterrey., Castil Ilse Abigail Muñoz lo ,   Hospital General B ISSSTE, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua. Universidad Autónoma de Guanajuato.
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is diagnosed in about 1 in every 500 to 2000 pregnancies. Pregnancy increases the risk of pulmonary embolism (DVT), a leading cause of maternal deaths and fetal death. Several risk factors include advanced age, multiple pregnancies, lower limb varicose veins, and obesity.

Clinical case: A 21-year-old with a 26-week pregnancy experienced sudden pain in her lower left limb, causing increased volume and difficulty walking. Doppler ultrasound revealed thrombosis in the common and deep femoral veins, thrombophlebitis of the great safenic vein, and soft tissue edema. A multidisciplinary approach was employed.

Discussion: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a thromboembolic disease in pregnancy, affecting up to 50% of cases. Diagnosis involves high clinical suspicion, risk factors, time of gestation, venous Doppler ultrasound images, and D-dimer test. Treatment should be based on a comprehensive evaluation, considering thrombophilia type, history of DVT, and family history.

Conclusion: Early identification, biomarker use, and education about DVT symptoms are crucial for optimal treatment and preventing complications.