bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation of drag coefficient of free-falling deformable liquid gallium droplet
Authors: Sofwan Mohamad M. , Mackenzie Dover C.M. , Sefiane K.
Published: November 2018

In this article, the effect of shape and deformation on the drag coefficient of a free-falling liquid gallium droplet in water in a terminal state is investigated experimentally. The temperature of the dispersed and continuous liquid was varied in order to examine the effect on the liquid–metal droplets. The falling droplets were imaged using a high-speed camera, and a simple model was developed to predict drag coefficient over a Reynolds number range of 103 < Re < 104. The drag coefficients of the deformed liquid gallium droplets were found to be larger than that associated with a solid sphere and the associated Weber number was below 4.5. It was found that the shape of all droplets in our experiment were oblate spheroid. A correlation has been established to predict the aspect ratio of a liquid gallium droplet moving in quiescent water. The deformation is highly dependent on interfacial surface tension and inertial force, while the viscosity ratio and pressure distribution have negligible effect.
Spatiotemporal dynamics in caddisfly (Insecta: Trichoptera) of a Cerrado stream, Brazil
Authors: Brasil Leandro S. , Santos Douglas C. , Vieira Thiago B. , Cabette Helena S.R. , Umetsu Ricardo K. , da Silva Giehl Nubia F.
Published: November 2018

Knowing the patterns and mechanisms that regulate spatiotemporal dynamics in aquatic communities is a great challenge. Theoretically, the distribution of aquatic insects is related to food and shelter availability, and/or to dispersal. In this perspective, we analyzed the spatiotemporal variation of Trichoptera communities of a Cerrado stream for 3 years. The longitudinal and temporal distribution provided a good explanation of the variation of the Trichoptera species composition. Specifically, 21.4 and 11.5% of the variation in composition was explained by longitudinal and temporal variation, respectively, and 8.3% by the interaction of both factors. The variation of environmental conditions (pH, total dissolved solids and dissolved oxygen) and temporal autocorrelation were the most important predictors for the distribution of Trichoptera communities. Accordingly, it is possible to assume that seasonal variation throughout the year is also an important factor for this aquatic community, in addition to water quality, as is widely known. Therefore, climate change should affect both temporal and spatial patterns of Trichoptera communities present in Cerrado streams. Consequently, such effect should be expected to occur in other regions with more marked seasons.
Le groupe Sciences en questions : un espace de réflexion sur les sciences à l’Inra
Authors:   Groupe Sciences en questions
Published: November 2018

Depuis 1994, le groupe Sciences en questions, créé au sein de l’Institut national de la recherche agronomique (Inra), s’est donné pour mission d’animer la réflexion des acteurs de la recherche en questionnant les manières dont la science se fait (élaborations théoriques, débats, méthodes, matériels, organisation du travail, objectifs et discours) et comment elle conçoit sa responsabilité vis-à-vis de la société et de l’environnement naturel. Le groupe choisit librement les sujets qui feront l’objet d’une conférence (dans les champs de la philosophie, de l’épistémologie, de la sociologie, de l’anthropologie ou de l’éthique, principalement) ainsi que les auteurs qui seront invités à les traiter. Les conférences sont suivies d’un dialogue avec l’auditoire. L’ensemble est transcrit et publié aux Éditions Quæ, dans la collection homonyme Sciences en questions. Cette démarche originale et les livres qui en résultent ont reçu et continuent de recevoir un accueil public favorable.
Privation de sommeil, syndrome dʼapnées obstructives du sommeil et obésité de lʼadolescent : place des APA dans la prévention et le traitement de ces troubles
Authors: Roche Johanna , Gillet Valérie , Mougin Fabienne
Published: November 2018

De par la modification du mode de vie, le rythme veille-sommeil est négligé, et le manque de sommeil est devenu aujourdʼhui une préoccupation majeure de santé publique. Chez les jeunes, lʼutilisation inadaptée des écrans le soir et la nuit chez les jeunes est à lʼorigine dʼun retard de phase et dʼune restriction de sommeil. Bien que la relation réciproque entre obésité et privation de sommeil soit déjà reconnue, il est important de comprendre les mécanismes (comportementaux, endocriniens…) conduisant lʼadolescent à une augmentation de la masse corporelle. Par ailleurs, lʼobésité est associée à une modification de lʼarchitecture du sommeil et au développement du syndrome dʼapnées obstructives du sommeil. Lʼobjectif de cette revue est de faire un état des lieux, des causes et conséquences dʼune privation de sommeil sur la santé et le sommeil de lʼadolescent obèse, et dʼidentifier le rôle des activités physiques adaptées dans la prévention et le traitement de lʼobésité et du syndrome dʼapnées obstructives du sommeil.
Computertomografie des Auges
Authors: Rauch Maximilian , Greschus Susanne
Published: November 2018

CT-Befunde an den Augen sind häufig Nebenbefunde bei Hals- oder Schädeluntersuchungen. Eine gezielte CT der Augen ist z. B. bei einer vermuteten Bulbusperforation oder zur Suche intraokulärer Fremdkörper indiziert. Der vorliegende Artikel behandelt Veränderungen des Bulbus oculi, die in der CT festgestellt werden können und geht auch auf den Strahlenschutz ein, der bei jeder CT in besonderer Weise zu berücksichtigen ist.
The Associations Between CYP2D6 Metabolizer Status and Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Outcomes of Venlafaxine: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lin Xiao-Qian , Wang Ping , Cai Wen-Ke , Xu Gui-Li , Yang Mei , Zhou Meng-Di , Sun Mei , He Fang , He Gong-Hao
Published: November 2018

Background The association between CYP2D6 metabolizer status and clinical outcomes of venlafaxine was extensively investigated previously, but no widely accepted conclusion has been reached so far. To obtain a more precise estimation of the association, a systematic review by meta-analysis was conducted in the present study.

Methods The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Technology of Chongqing, and Wan Fang Database were searched for eligible studies up to August 2018.

Results Fourteen related studies involving 1035 patients were finally included. Significant associations were found among 3 CYP2D6 phenotypes (NM, IM, and PM) and most pharmacokinetic parameters of venlafaxine. However, CYP2D6 phenotypes were not associated with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale response of venlafaxine. In addition, we also found no significant association between CYP2D6 phenotype and overall rate of adverse events.

Conclusions CYP2D6 metabolizer status had significant influence on venlafaxine pharmacokinetics, but insufficient evidence demonstrated that CYP2D6 metabolizer status was associated with its therapeutic effects and overall rate of adverse events, which provided further evidence regarding the relationship between CYP2D6 metabolizer status and venlafaxine.
Direct C–H Arylation Polymerization to form Anionic Water-Soluble Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophenes) with Higher Yields and Molecular Weights
Authors: Yu Hsiao-hua , Ayalew Hailemichael , Wang Tian-lin , Wang Tsai-Hui , Hsu Hsiu-Fu
Published: November 2018

A facile and environmentally benign Pd-catalyzed direct C–H arylation polymerization (DAP) has been developed for the syntheses of homo- and copolymers of anionic-group-functionalized 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophenes with high yields (up to 99%), high molecular weights, and narrow polydispersities. The effects of various Pd catalysts, phosphine ligands, and additives on the properties of the polymers have been examined. The method gives anionic poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophenes) with higher molecular weights than those produced by the previously reported chemical or electrochemical methods. The method was also used to synthesize polymers functionalized with carboxylic acid groups without the need for protection/deprotection steps. The resulting polymers can be processed from water or highly polar organic solvents. We also demonstrated a phosphine-free, water-mediated, Pd-catalyzed DAP. The anionic poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophenes) were stable in water, and are promising for applications in sensors, drug delivery, and cell engineering.
Shock Etiologies and Fluid Management in Liver Failure
Authors: Weiss Emmanuel , Paugam-Burtz Catherine , Jaber Samir
Published: November 2018

Liver failure can occur in patients with or without underlying chronic liver disease (mainly cirrhosis) and is, respectively, termed acute on chronic liver failure or acute liver failure (ALF). In both cases, it is associated with marked systemic inflammation and profound hemodynamic disturbances, that is, increased cardiac output, peripheral vasodilation, and decreased systemic vascular resistance, on top of several superimposed etiologies of shock. In patients with cirrhosis, sepsis is the main cause of intensive care unit admission but portal hypertension-related gastrointestinal hemorrhage is also common. Septic shock is also particularly frequent in patients with ALF and can complicate the initial hypovolemic shock related to poor oral intake, vomiting, and encephalopathy prior to admission. Given the susceptibility of the liver to hypoxia and also the potential deleterious effects of fluid on liver function, the assessment of hemodynamic status and volume responsiveness is especially important in these patients. However, one should keep in mind that the hyperdynamic state and low systemic vascular resistance in liver failure may bias the accuracy of some hemodynamic monitoring devices. Fluid therapy should use crystalloids, and balanced salt solutions may limit the risk of hyperchloremic acidosis and subsequent adverse kidney events. Nevertheless, the beneficial effects of albumin resuscitation have been demonstrated in patients with cirrhosis and may reflect more than mere volume expansion.
Neurocritical Care Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy and Coma in Liver Failure
Authors: Kerbert Annarein , Engelmann Cornelius , Jalan Rajiv
Published: November 2018

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a severe complication of liver disease, describing a spectrum of neurological and psychiatric abnormalities ranging from subclinical alterations to coma. HE is the leading cause for hospital readmission, intensive care treatment, and mortality in patients with chronic liver disease. The complex and multifaceted pathogenesis is not yet fully understood, but hypotheses focus on ammonia and systemic inflammation, which are the main targets for currently available therapies in clinical practice. Nevertheless, the remaining high clinical relevance and healthcare burden of this syndrome underlines the emergence for further unraveling the full spectrum of pathomechanisms, as this provides the basis for the development of novel, highly targeted therapies. In this review, the most recent literature about current and future therapies for HE, relevant for intensive care management, will be discussed.
Critical Care Management of Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Ascites in Liver Failure
Authors: Rajwani Kapil , Fortune Brett , Brown Robert
Published: November 2018

Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and ascites are two significant clinical events that frequently present in critically ill patients with chronic liver failure or decompensated cirrhosis. GI bleeding in patients with cirrhosis, particularly portal hypertensive-associated bleeding, carries a high short-term mortality (15–25%) and requires early initiation of a vasoactive agent and antibiotics as well as timely endoscopic management. Conservative transfusion strategies and adequate airway protection are also imperative to assist in bleeding control. The presence of ascites among hospitalized cirrhotics requires early analysis of ascitic fluid to diagnose spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and initiate appropriate antibiotics and albumin to reduce patients' high associated mortality rates of greater than 25%. Appropriate utilization of portal decompression using transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement for selected patients with failure to control bleeding or ascites and early consideration for liver transplantation referral is critical to improve patient survival. This review will aim to elucidate the current strategies for the management of critically ill patients with chronic liver failure presenting with GI bleeding or ascites.
Evaluation of Strategies in the Management of Infective Aortic Valve Endocarditis at German Cardiac Surgical Departments
Authors: Akhyari Payam , Aubin Hug , Lühr Maximilian , Rastan Ardawan Julian , Beckmann Andreas , Misfeld Martin ,   on behalf of the Working Group Aortic Valve Surgery and the Board of Directors of the German Society for Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery
Published: November 2018

Background Surgical treatment of infective aortic valve endocarditis (AVE) remains a therapeutic challenge, necessitating interdisciplinary approach to limit morbidity and mortality in this high-risk cohort. With a considerable spectrum of available laboratory testings, imaging techniques, as well as operative strategies developed in recent years, there is a lack of standardization across cardiac surgical departments in Germany. Thus, the optimal treatment strategy of AVE has yet to be defined.

Methods A nationwide survey on infective AVE was conducted, including 64 cardiac surgical departments responding to a 41-item questionnaire. The evaluation included common surgical practice, routine diagnostic steps, surgical techniques, perioperative medical treatment, as well as postoperative management.

Results Remarkable differences were observed among the participating institutions, including the following components of the treatment: (1) standardization and extent of the use of imaging techniques and (2) success rate in identification AVE-causing germs, (3) timing of operation in case of cerebral embolization, and (4) choice of valve prosthesis for aortic valve replacement for infective AVE.

Conclusion The findings of this survey underline the need for a nationwide registry to further elucidate the nature and course of AVE in Germany, as well as to serve as a solid basis for prospective trials, addressing the most important clinical purposes in the diagnosis and treatment of AVE.
Infectious Complications in Critically Ill Liver Failure Patients
Authors: Cheung Amanda , Tanna Sajal , Ison Michael
Published: November 2018

Infections remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with liver failure. A number of factors, including relative immune dysfunction and systemic inflammation, bacterial translocation, gut dysbiosis, small intestine bacterial overgrowth, altered bile acid pools, and changes in pH due to acid suppression, contribute to the high rates of infection in this population. Though a range of infections can complicate the course of cirrhotic patients, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), cholangitis, and cholecystitis in addition to other infections (i.e. pneumonia, urinary tract infection, bacteremia, and Clostridioides difficile colitis) are more common in this population and will be reviewed in this article. Preventative strategies are directed at minimizing the risk of SBP through the use of targeted antimicrobial prophylaxis. Lastly, the critically ill cirrhotic patient may present with an acute need for liver transplantation. Thus, careful assessment for ongoing infection should be performed and treated to optimize outcomes of transplant, if needed.
Investigating relations between discrete Painlevé equations: The multistep approach
Authors: Ramani A. , Grammaticos B. , Tamizhmani T.
Published: November 2018

We show how, starting from a mapping where the independent variable advances one step at a time, one can obtain versions of the mapping corresponding to a multi-step evolution. The same procedure is applied to discrete Painlevé equations, and we proceed to establish Miura relations between the single-step and the multi-step versions (in the present study “multi” referring to double, triple, and quintuple). These Miura relations are discrete Painlevé equations on their own right. We show that, while in some cases it is impossible to obtain a multi-step equation for a single variable, deriving a Miura system is still possible. We perform our analysis for equations associated with the affine Weyl groups E8(1), E7(1), E6(1), and A4(1).
Dimensions of catenated ring polymers in dilute solution studied by Monte-Carlo simulation
Authors: Suzuki Jiro , Takano Atsushi , Matsushita Yushu
Published: November 2018

Interaction between two simple ring chains catenated in a molecule was estimated by a Metropolis Monte Carlo simulation, and the result was compared with a model. We employed catenated ring chains in this study; they were composed of two simple ring chains, and the topology was kept as 212. The temperature dependence of the distance between two ring chains in a molecule was discussed using Flory’s scaling exponent, ν, in Rg ∝ Nν, where Rg is the radius of gyration of a simple ring chain catenated in a molecule. In the simulation, the topology of the component rings and their links were kept because chain crossing was prohibited. The excluded volume of chains was screened by the attractive force between polymer segments, and the strength of the attractive force depends on temperature, T. At the θ temperature for trivial ring polymers, where the condition ν = 1/2 holds, their trajectories can be described statistically as a closed-random walk, i.e., a closed-phantom chain model. The temperature at which interaction between trivial ring polymers, i.e., inter-molecular interaction, is repulsive; trivial ring polymer molecules show the excluded volume generated with keeping their own topology, 01. A catenated molecule is composed of two simple rings, and so forth a component ring can be affected by the existence of the counterpart rings. Under that temperature, the mean-square distance between two rings in a catenated molecule, ⟨L2⟩, was obtained and compared with that of the simple model composed of two circles in three-dimensions, where interaction between circles is set as zero. It has been found that the simulated ⟨L2⟩ values were constantly larger than those of the model owing to the excluded volume of rings in a molecule.
Improved thermal stability in doped MnN/CoFe exchange bias systems
Authors: Dunz M. , Büker B. , Meinert M.
Published: November 2018

We have investigated the influence of doping the antiferromagnetic MnN component in the polycrystalline MnN/CoFe exchange bias system, which shows high exchange bias of up to 1800 Oe at room temperature. The thermal stability of this system is limited by nitrogen diffusion that occurs during annealing. In order to predict improved thermal stability, defect energies of potential dopant elements which substitute for Mn were calculated via density functional theory. Elements calculated to have negative defect energies will bind nitrogen more strongly to the lattice, limiting diffusion. We prepared exchange bias stacks with dopant concentrations of a few percent by (reactive) co-sputtering, testing dopant elements with defect energies ranging from highly negative to slightly positive. We show that doping with elements calculated to have negative defect energies indeed improves the thermal stability. Y-doped MnN layers with dopant concentrations below 2% result in exchange bias fields higher than 1000 Oe for annealing temperatures up to 485°C.
Using rectangular collocation with finite difference derivatives to solve electronic Schrödinger equation
Authors: Manzhos Sergei , Carrington Tucker
Published: November 2018

We show that a rectangular collocation method, equivalent to evaluating all matrix elements with a quadrature-like scheme and using more points than basis functions, is an effective approach for solving the electronic Schrödinger equation (ESE). We test the ideas by computing several solutions of the ESE for the H atom and the H2+ cation and several solutions of the Kohn-Sham equation for CO and H2O. In all cases, we achieve millihartree accuracy. Two key advantages of the collocation method we use are (1) collocation points need not have a particular distribution or spacing and can be chosen to reduce the required number of points - they need not converge any quadrature; (2) the better the basis is, the less sensitive the results are to the choice of the point set. The ideas of this paper make it possible to use any basis functions and thus open the door to using basis functions that are not Gaussians or plane waves. We use basis functions that are similar to Slater-type orbitals. They are rarely used with the variational method, but present no problems when used with collocation.
Tuning the band alignment of p-type graphene-AsSb Schottky contact by electric field
Authors: Li Honglin , Cui Yuting , Li Dongmei , Luo Haijun
Published: November 2018

By combining the electronic structures of graphene and monolayer AsSb via van der Waals force interaction, the intrinsic p-type Schottky contact can be obtained. Here, a series of theoretic calculations are performed to survey the effects of interlayer coupling and the band realignment of graphene-AsSb heterointerface. It reveals that intrinsic p-type Schottky barriers of 0.184 and 0.381 eV are formed for the two types of configurations. Besides, the intrinsic electronic properties of graphene and AsSb are roughly preserved. When the external electric field is applied, the Schottky barrier can be effectively tuned up by changing the external electric field intensity and further convert the p-type contact into the n-type contact. A variation of the Schottky barriers indicates a partial Fermi level pinning at the interfaces of AsSb. It results from the low density of interfacial states between graphene and AsSb. The barrier height of AsSb and the corresponding contact type can be flexibly tuned, which is of great importance in the design of novel transistors based two-dimensional materials and they provide meaningful guidelines.
Quantitative lock-in thermography imaging of thermal-wave spatial profiles and thermophysical property measurements in solids with inner corner geometries using thermal-wave field theory
Authors: Wang Mingfeng , Mandelis Andreas , Melnikov Alexander , Wang Chinhua
Published: November 2018

In this study, we established a theoretical photothermal model and its experimental validation for an infinitely long solid with an inner corner of arbitrary opening angle, with the solid being irradiated photothermally by a modulated laser beam of arbitrary spatial intensity distribution directed to the corner. The thermal-wave field distribution on the flat surfaces of the solid centered at the corner was obtained using the Green function method. Experimental results based on quantitative thermographic imaging were obtained and used to validate the theoretical model in which thermal diffusivity of an inner cornered stainless steel was measured. The thermal-wave theory based lock-in thermography imaging technique provides a quantitative tool for thermal property measurement and/or non-destructive evaluation of non-flat structures. It also generates valuable physical insights into the spatial distribution of the thermal-wave field in the neighborhood of geometric discontinuities such as inner corners in solids.
Force detection of high-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of microliter solution sample
Authors: Okamoto Tsubasa , Takahashi Hideyuki , Ohmichi Eiji , Ishikawa Haruto , Mizutani Yasuhisa , Ohta Hitoshi
Published: November 2018

Force detection of magnetic resonance is now able to attain extremely high spin sensitivity. In these setups, microcantilevers were usually used as a sensitive force sensor and, in most cases, have been applied to solid-state samples such as paramagnetic impurities in solids. On the other hand, there are now growing demands for their applications to liquid-state samples in the research areas of life science because many proteins and enzymes are biofunctionally active only in solutions, where they interact with the surrounding water molecules. In this letter, we present an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique for solution samples using a SiNx nanomembrane and report high-frequency EPR spectroscopy of a microliter-volume frozen solution sample of hemin and myoglobin at multiple frequencies up to 350 GHz. This technique would be particularly useful to obtain more detailed insight into the electronic structure of metalloproteins/metalloenzymes under biologically active conditions.
Localization of electronic states in 2DEG under spatially local gradient magnetic field
Authors: Liu Hui , Dai Bo , Zhang Xiaowei
Published: November 2018

Based on the tight-binding method, we investigate the energy spectrum and localization of electronic states in 2DEG subjected to a spatially local gradient magnetic field. Generally, such structure can be obtained easily by placing ferromagnetic stripes on the surface of semiconductor heterojunction. Considering the numerical accuracy, the actual calculated profiles of magnetic field are used in this work. By adjusting the width of stripe d and the amplitude of magnetic field, the energy spectra and the square root of probability density are obtained. The former is convergent when the width d is zero or becomes very large and the latter shows that the ground states are localized at the center of 2DEG. For large B and small width d, the energy level crossing between the ground and the first excited states would cause the pattern of probability density splitting into two parts. We also study the case of four stripes on the top of 2DEG. For emphasizing the effect of magnetic field, the harmonic potential is removed. The low energy levels tend to bundle themselves into groups because there exists three similar magnetic potential wells in this situation. All these findings will help us to further understand the electronic properties of 2DEG in varying magnetic field.
Marsupial genomics meet marsupial reproduction
Authors: Graves Jennifer A. Marshall
Published: November 2018

We came from very different backgrounds, with different skills and interests. Marilyn Renfree was recognised as ‘a giant of marsupial embryology’; I had spent my working life studying genes and chromosomes. We teamed up out of mutual respect (awe on my side) to form, with Des Cooper, the ARC Centre of Excellence in Kangaroo Genomics. This is the story of how our collaboration came to be, and what it has produced for our knowledge of some of the world’s most remarkable animals.
Glides and laryngeals as a structural class
Authors: de Kok Kenneth , Botma Bert , van ’t Veer Marijn
Published: November 2018

Phonological processes typically affect natural classes of sounds, with the members of such classes sharing some phonetic property to the exclusion of other sounds. Recent typological work shows that not all phonological classes are natural, however (Mielke 2008). This paper considers the class of glides and laryngeals, a combination of sounds which resists a straightforward characterization in terms of shared features. Adopting the framework of Element Theory (Harris & Lindsey 1995;Backley 2011), we argue that class behaviour of glides and laryngeals is due not to their having shared phonetic content, but shared phonological structure: glides and laryngeals contain a single element in their melodic structure. We conclude that phonological processes can be sensitive to the difference between simple and complex expressions.
United we diverge
Authors: Horsbøl Anders
Published: November 2018

This chapter investigates what may be termed the responsive aspect of politics in critical situations where ordinary routines are challenged and unexpected events require a political response. Taking the deadly attack on a public meeting and the synagogue in Copenhagen, Denmark on 14 February 2015 as an empirical case, the chapter analyses responses from leading politicians on Facebook in the first days after the attacks. The analysis centres on the way in which the attacks are categorised and evaluated as well as on prevalent topoi and forms of dialogicality. The chapter concludes that the Facebook responses constitute a double articulation of overt unity and potential disagreement.
Hybridity and antagonism in broadcast election campaign interviews
Authors: Kantara Argyro
Published: November 2018

The present chapter contributes to existing research on hybridity in broadcast news interviews (Ekström 2011; Hutchby 2011a, 2011b, 2013, 2017; Baym 2005, 2013) both at a micro and a macro level. Employing Conversation Analysis on a micro level, it explores how, through their hybrid antagonistic practices, Greek politicians and journalists transform the broadcast election campaign news interview into an antagonistic arena where the winner is the one who shows that s/he plays the game of the news interview in a fair way. On a macro level, it examines how the antagonistic practices identified shape the knowledge produced for the overhearing audience (the epistemology of TV journalism in Ekström’s 2002 and Roth’s 2002 terms) in relation both to the politicians’ public portrayal and the resulting antagonistic politics foregrounded.
Productively losing control, or how Architecture can inspire translation ethics
Authors: Floros Georgios
Published: November 2018

In this article, an attempt is made to view Architecture as a source of inspiration for translation ethics. First, it is argued that Architecture is not a discipline that is as distant from translation studies as it might seem at first sight. Second, the example of the Wyly Theater in Dallas is discussed in an attempt to summarize contemporary concerns in architectural practice: “productively losing control,” a motto used byPrince-Ramus (2009), is then applied to translation ethics and the paper goes on to explore possible parallels between how a building may function within its surroundings and how texts may function within a social context. More specifically, it is shown that selected functional aspects of the Wyly Theater might form a guiding principle for teaching how to resolve ethical issues in the translation of politically sensitive texts taken from the Greek and Cypriot contexts.
Audio description in 360º videos
Authors: Fidyka Anita , Matamala Anna
Published: November 2018

This article discusses how audio description could be integrated into 360º videos by reporting the results from two focus groups
conducted in the initial stages of the ImAc project. To involve participants in the research process, the project adopted a
user-centered methodology, and a series of focus groups was conducted with professional audio describers and end users to gather
feedback about their needs and expectations regarding the implementation of audio description and, secondarily, audio subtitling.
Results indicate that content selection in this medium raises concerns for audio describers, and needs to be further researched.
The results obtained from the end users not only highlight the need to audio describe the main action, but also their interest in
having different parts of the visual scene audio described. Results also indicate that auditory cues would allow end users to
orient themselves in the scene, and feel more immersed in the content presented.
Hafez’s “Shirāzi Turk”: A Geopoetical Approach
Authors: Ingenito Domenico
Published: November 2018

This article constitutes a preliminary attempt to explore the geographical dimension of premodern Persian lyric poetry from the perspective of the relationship between the historical adherence of a text to external reality and the rhetorics of intertextuality and performativity. The pretext for this exploration is the poem known as “Tork-e Shirazi” or “The Turk from Shiraz,” one of the most celebrated ghazals of Hafez of Shiraz. The analysis focuses in particular on the first two lines of the ghazal, whose rich and ambiguous imagery has challenged the community of readers, interpreters, and scholars for centuries. On the basis of historiographical, formalist, and poststructuralist approaches to the study of lyric poetry, the article outlines a generative paradigm that analyzes a given text from the perspective of its abstract, genre-specific, conventionally negotiated, and referential levels of meaning. The contribution of geocritical studies will be combined with rhetorical analysis to conceive of Hafez’s text as a geopoetic map in which the cities of Shiraz, Samarkand, and Bukhara are put in conversation with the mental and historical representations of Iran and India between the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, during the transition from the Mongol to the Timurid models and ideals of power.
Influence of zinc-dipping on electroless nickel coating on magnesium alloy
Authors: Guan Xiurong , Zhu Hongda , Shi Jingwei , Wei Shouqiang , Shao Zhongcai , Shen Xiaoyi
Published: November 2018

In this paper, the effect of zinc dipping pretreatment on corrosion resistance of electroless nickel plating on magnesium alloy was studied. The results showed that the corrosion resistance of nickel coating was influenced greatly by the complexing agent and main salt in the zinc dipping solution, and the formula and technological conditions of zinc dipping were optimized by the orthogonal test. The optimum formulation and process conditions were as follows: C4H6O5 40 g L−1, ZnSO4·7H2O 40 g L−1, NaF 4 g L−1, pH 9, temperature 90°C, time 10 min. The corrosion resistance, morphology and phase composition of the nickel coating prepared under the optimum conditions were analysed by SEM, XRD and electrochemical workstation. The results showed that the self-corrosion potential of the nickel coating is 0.87 V higher than the magnesium alloy substrate, the self-corrosion current reduces by two orders of magnitude and the magnesium alloy substrate is completely covered. The corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy was effectively enhanced.
Research on microstructure transformation and property of 18Cr–0.2C Fe-based coatings
Authors: Yin Yan , Pan Cunliang , Zhang Ruihua , Lu Chao , Zhao Chao , Li Zilin
Published: November 2018

In this study, the coatings were fabricated on the 3Cr13 stainless steel substrate by laser cladding. The microstructure, phase compositions and the detailed information about the crack propagation of the coatings were investigated systematically. A comparative study on the corrosion resistance of the traditional of 3Cr13 stainless steel and laser cladding blades was conducted. The standard Gibbs free energy variation of carbides, phase composition and precipitation sequence were precisely calculated. The results showed that the microstructure near the fusion zone was mainly composed of cellular crystals and dendrites. Meanwhile, its microstructure had changed in the upper middle of the coatings. The calculated results showed that the phases formed at the equilibrium state consisted of α-Ferrite, σ and M23C6 carbide. In the vicinity of fusion line and the middle of the coatings, the crack distributed along α-Ferrite grain boundaries. On the top of coatings, the crack traversed the matrix and carbide.
Looking at a missing cochlea
Authors: Brotto Davide , Sorrentino Flavia , Manara Renzo , Caserta Ezio , Sartorato Federica , Bovo Roberto , Martini Alessandro , Trevisi Patrizia
Published: November 2018

Radiological imaging can reveal crucial information when dealing with single-side deafness. In early childhood, this condition is a challenging task for any clinician due to poor reliability of the patient at audiological testing. Moreover, clinical symptoms of unilateral hearing loss are blurred, even if it can severally affect quality of life, especially in scholastic age. Audiological evaluation, characterization of pathology onset and identification of rehabilitation options are consequently difficult to establish. We report the case of a 6-year-old girl who was found to have unilateral, right-sided, hearing loss. Both CT and MRI showed absent anterior labyrinth raising concerns about a congenital or acquired aetiology. The present paper showcases the main radiological and clinical clues that drive the diagnosis and help in defining both the timing and the possible causes of hearing loss in an emblematic case of unrecognized single-side deafness.
Black Anaesthetics: The New Yorker and Andrea Lee’s Russian Journal
Authors: Myers Shaundra
Published: November 2018

This essay demonstrates the oft-dismissed centrality of critical race thought to posthumanist studies by excavating the neglected writings of the New Yorker magazine’s earliest black staff writers. Within this early post–Civil Rights archive of “The Talk of the Town” columns and a Russian travelogue, this essay uncovers conditions of possibility for the emergence of racially anomalous strains of contemporary black narrative that have long discomfited canon-makers. Analyzing how the implicitly white persona of “The Talk of the Town” functioned as an avatar of the liberal humanist subject, I show how Andrea Lee, Charlayne Hunter, and Jamaica Kincaid undermined or appropriated this figure of Man. Their experiments with racial legibility in their unsigned columns would give rise to what I term black anaesthetics: narrative practices that disable the reader’s capacity to make meaning of race even as they disclose traces of racialized blackness. Working thus both in and out of touch with racial reality, black anaesthetic texts such as Lee’s Russian Journal (1981), Toni Morrison’s “Recitatif” (1983), and Octavia Butler’s “Bloodchild” (1984) suspend processes of racialization vital to the production of Man’s human Others. In doing so, they invite us to rethink the descent of what has come to be called posthumanism.
Ceftriaxone Treatment Preserves Cortical Inhibitory Interneuron Function via Transient Salvage of GLT-1 in a Rat Traumatic Brain Injury Model
Authors: Hameed Mustafa Q , Hsieh Tsung-Hsun , Morales-Quezada Leon , Lee Henry H C , Damar Ugur , MacMullin Paul C , Hensch Takao K , Rotenberg Alexander
Published: November 2018

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in a decrease in glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) expression, the major mechanism for glutamate removal from synapses. Coupled with an increase in glutamate release from dead and dying neurons, this causes an increase in extracellular glutamate. The ensuing glutamate excitotoxicity disproportionately damages vulnerable GABAergic parvalbumin-positive inhibitory interneurons, resulting in a progressively worsening cortical excitatory:inhibitory imbalance due to a loss of GABAergic inhibitory tone, as evidenced by chronic post-traumatic symptoms such as epilepsy, and supported by neuropathologic findings. This loss of intracortical inhibition can be measured and followed noninvasively using long-interval paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation with mechanomyography (LI-ppTMS-MMG). Ceftriaxone, a β-lactam antibiotic, is a potent stimulator of the expression of rodent GLT-1 and would presumably decrease excitotoxic damage to GABAergic interneurons. It may thus be a viable antiepileptogenic intervention. Using a rat fluid percussion injury TBI model, we utilized LI-ppTMS-MMG, quantitative PCR, and immunohistochemistry to test whether ceftriaxone treatment preserves intracortical inhibition and cortical parvalbumin-positive inhibitory interneuron function after TBI in rat motor cortex. We show that neocortical GLT-1 gene and protein expression are significantly reduced 1 week after TBI, and this transient loss is mitigated by ceftriaxone. Importantly, whereas intracortical inhibition declines progressively after TBI, 1 week of post-TBI ceftriaxone treatment attenuates the loss of inhibition compared to saline-treated controls. This finding is accompanied by significantly higher parvalbumin gene and protein expression in ceftriaxone-treated injured rats. Our results highlight prospects for ceftriaxone as an intervention after TBI to prevent cortical inhibitory interneuron dysfunction, partly by preserving GLT-1 expression.
Enhanced recovery protocol in esophagectomy, is it really worth it? A cost analysis related to team experience and protocol compliance
Authors: Weindelmayer J , Verlato G , Alberti L , Poli R , Priolo S , Bovo C , de Manzoni G
Published: November 2018

Application of enhanced recovery protocols (ERP) in esophageal surgery seems to lead an advantage in terms of length of hospital staying and outcomes, but only few data exist on its cost effectiveness. Previous literature analyzed pre- and post-ERP groups, finding a cost reduction with the introduction of the pathway. We aimed to study the influence on costs of accumulating experience and compliance in an ERP group. Seventy-one patients have been treated at our institution from January 2014 to June 2017 with our ERP for Ivor–Lewis esophagectomy. Direct costs were divided into subcategories and were analyzed as a function of calendar year and compliance. Factor affecting costs were searched. Univariable analysis highlighted a significant reduction in costs over time. Increase in compliance led to a progressive cost reduction for each ERP item completed (€14 852–€11 045). While age was not found to significantly influence the cost (p = 0.341), complications seemed to nullify the effect of experience: the median was €11 507 in uncomplicated patients, and increased to €13 791 in Clavien–Dindo 3–4 (CD3–4) patients. Compliance and CD3–4 remained significant also in multivariable analysis, accomplished by quantile regression, while year of surgery lost its significance.

Our results evidence how accumulating experience in ERP led to a cost reduction over time, which was mainly mediated by an increase in compliance. Indeed, compliance was the main factor in reducing ERP cost while CD3–4 complications were the most important factor in cost increasing, nullifying the benefit of compliance.
Relationship between body mass index and outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation treated with edoxaban or warfarin in the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 trial
Authors: Boriani Giuseppe , Ruff Christian T , Kuder Julia F , Shi Minggao , Lanz Hans J , Rutman Howard , Mercuri Michele F , Antman Elliott M , Braunwald Eugene , Giugliano Robert P
Published: November 2018

Aims

To investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods and results

In the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 trial, patients with AF were randomized to warfarin (international normalized ratio 2.0–3.0) or edoxaban. The cohort (N = 21 028) included patients across BMI categories (kg/m2): underweight (<18.5) in 0.8%, normal (18.5 to <25) in 21.4%, overweight (25 to <30) in 37.6%, moderately obese (30 to <35) in 24.8%, severely obese (35 to <40) in 10.0%, and very severely obese (≥40) in 5.5%. In an adjusted analysis, higher BMI (continuous, per 5 kg/m2 increase) was significantly and independently associated with lower risks of stroke/systemic embolic event (SEE) [hazard ratio (HR) 0.88, P = 0.0001], ischaemic stroke/SEE (HR 0.87, P < 0.0001), and death (HR 0.91, P < 0.0001), but with increased risks of major (HR 1.06, P = 0.025) and major or clinically relevant non-major bleeding (HR 1.05, P = 0.0007). There was a significant interaction between sex and increasing BMI category, with lower risk of ischaemic stroke/SEE in males and increased risk of bleeding in women. Trough edoxaban concentration and anti-Factor Xa activity were similar across BMI groups >18.5 kg/m2, while time in therapeutic range for warfarin improved significantly as BMI increased (P < 0.0001). The effects of edoxaban vs. warfarin on stroke/SEE, major bleeding, and net clinical outcome were similar across BMI groups.

Conclusion

An increased BMI was independently associated with a lower risk of stroke/SEE, better survival, but increased risk of bleeding. The efficacy and safety profiles of edoxaban were similar across BMI categories ranging from 18.5 to >40.
Factor Models for Portfolio Selection in Large Dimensions: The Good, the Better and the Ugly
Authors: De Nard Gianluca , Ledoit Olivier , Wolf Michael
Published: November 2018

This paper injects factor structure into the estimation of time-varying, large-dimensional covariance matrices of stock returns. Existing factor models struggle to model the covariance matrix of residuals in the presence of time-varying conditional heteroskedasticity in large universes. Conversely, rotation-equivariant estimators of large-dimensional time-varying covariance matrices forsake directional information embedded in market-wide risk factors. We introduce a new covariance matrix estimator that blends factor structure with time-varying conditional heteroskedasticity of residuals in large dimensions up to 1000 stocks. It displays superior all-around performance on historical data against a variety of state-of-the-art competitors, including static factor models, exogenous factor models, sparsity-based models, and structure-free dynamic models. This new estimator can be used to deliver more efficient portfolio selection and detection of anomalies in the cross-section of stock returns.
Transtentorial Approach for Parahippocampal Gyrus Arteriovenous Malformation Resection: 3-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Chaddad-Neto Feres , da Costa Marcos Devanir Silva , Caramanti Ricardo Lourenço , Costa Bruno Lourenço , Silveira Conrado Feisthauer , Echeverria Kleber Gonzales , Campos Filho José Maria , Centeno Ricardo Silva
Published: November 2018

Medial temporal basal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) have complex anatomy. They usually drain to the basal vein of Rosenthal, and arterial feeders can arise from the anterior choroidal artery and its branches, or from the posterior cerebral artery. If the AVM is more posterior in the parahippocampal gyrus, there is a predominance of arterial feeders arising from P2P or P3 segments of the posterior cerebral artery. As posterior AVMs are difficult to reach using anterior approaches, the supracerebellar transtentorial approach provides a direct pathway to the malformation, allowing better visualization and exposure of the vascular anatomy.

 In this video, we present a 29-yr-old woman with a left parahippocampal AVM with P2P arterial feeders and Rosenthal basal vein drainage. The patient had three months of moderate headache and two abrupt seizures before admission. Emergency computed tomography showed intraventricular hemorrhage. Magnetic resonance imaging and cerebral angiography revealed an AVM located in the parahippocampal gyrus, posterior to pulvinar thalamus. The patient underwent microsurgical treatment in semi-sitting position using a supracerebellar and infratentorial approach with transtentorial resection. The AVM was completely removed, and the patient recovered without neurological deficits. The authors present a 3-dimensional video of the microsurgical steps required to perform a transtentorial approach for AVM resection in the parahippocampal gyrus.

 The patient signed the Institutional Consent Form, which allows the use of his/her images and videos for any type of medical publications in conferences and/or scientific articles.