bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INDEXING AUTHENTICITY: THE LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE OF AN IRISH TOURIST TOWN
Authors: Moriarty Mairead
Published: January 2015

This article examines the linguistic landscape (LL) of Dingle, the centre for a peripheral minority language community on the Southwestern seaboard of Ireland. Dingle is a popular touristic space located within the boundary of the Gaeltacht and for this reason offers a unique setting for the examination of issues prevalent in the sociolinguistics of globalization (cf. Blommaert 2010; Coupland 2010a) including authenticity and commodification. In particular these issues are examined through an analysis of linguistic and other semiotic resources that are drawn on in this touristic space. By mapping the LL the specific aim of the study is to plot the trajectory of the Irish language as a resource for indexing Dingle as an authentic tourist space. A qualitative approach to the data is taken in an effort to uncover the symbolic and cultural resources being activated in the LL of Dingle. The study highlights how minority languages, like Irish, get mobilized as valuable resources and commodities in the context of tourism and the potential impact of this for the local political economy of language.
Interaction with geospatial data
Authors: Schöning Johannes
Published: January 2015

My research interest lies at the interaction between human-computer interaction (HCI) and geoinformatics. I am interested in developing new methods and novel user interfaces to navigate through spatial information. This article will give a brief overview on my past and current research topics and streams. Generally speaking, geography is playing an increasingly important role in computer science and also in the field of HCI ranging from social computing to natural user interfaces (NUIs). At the same time, research in geography has focused more and more on technology-mediated interaction with spatiotemporal phenomena. By bridging the two fields, my aim is to exploit this fruitful intersection between those two and develop, design and evaluate user interfaces that help people to solve their daily tasks more enjoyable and effectively.
Teaching at a university of applied sciences
Authors: Schultes Dominik
Published: January 2015

A university of applied sciences focuses on both application and science. Before becoming a professor at a university of applied sciences, I got in touch with both worlds: the purely scientific one, doing research in the field of algorithm engineering, and the `real' one, working in large software development projects. After making these experiences, I am convinced that the approach of a university of applied sciences is a very good one.
A study on quality metrics vs. human perception: Can visual measures help us to filter visualizations of interest?
Authors: Lehmann Dirk J. , Hundt Sebastian , Theisel Holger
Published: January 2015

The number of visualizations being required for a complete view on
data non-linearly grows with the number of data dimensions. Thus,
relevant visualizations need to be filtered to guide the user during
the visual search. A popular filter approach is the usage of quality
metrics, which map a visual pattern to a real number. This way,
visualizations that contain interesting patterns are
automatically detected. Quality metrics are
a useful tool in visual analysis, if they resemble the human
perception. In this work we present a broad study to examine the
relation between filtering relevant visualizations based on human
perception versus quality metrics. For this, seven
widely-used quality metrics were tested on five
high-dimensional datasets, covering scatterplots, parallel
coordinates, and radial visualizations. In total, 102 participants
were available. The results of our studies show that quality
metrics often work similar to the human perception. Interestingly,
a subset of so-called Scagnostic measures does the best job.
Image analysis in epidemiological applications
Authors: Toennies Klaus D. , Gloger Oliver , Rak Marko , Winkler Charlotte , Klemm Paul , Preim Bernhard , Völzke Henry
Published: January 2015

A rising number of epidemiological studies apply imaging technologies. Images are not features themselves but provide raw data from which features are extracted. Different to other applications of analysis of medical images the data is analyzed statistically across the cohort. It results in unique requirements regarding the development of methods to efficiently integrate varying domain knowledge into the process without compromising comparability of results across subjects or time. Examples from two different strategies are presented and discussed.
Visual analytics for video applications
Authors: Tanisaro Pattreeya , Schöning Julius , Kurzhals Kuno , Heidemann Gunther , Weiskopf Daniel
Published: January 2015

In this article, we describe the concept of video visual analytics
with a special focus on the reasoning process in the sensemaking loop. To
illustrate this concept with real application scenarios, two visual analytics
(VA) tools are discussed in detail that cover the sensemaking process: (i) for
video surveillance, and (ii) for eye-tracking data analysis. Surveillance data
(i) allow discussion of key VA topics such as browsing and playback,
situational awareness, and the deduction of reasoning. Using example (ii) –
eye tracking data from persons watching video – we review application
features such as the spatio-temporal visualization along with clustering, and
identification of attentional synchrony between participants. We examine how
these features can support
the VA process. Based on this, open challenges in video VA will be discussed.
EMIA: Emotion Model for Intelligent Agent
Authors: Jain Shikha , Asawa Krishna
Published: January 2015

Emotions play a significant role in human cognitive processes such as attention, motivation, learning, memory, and decision making. Many researchers have worked in the field of incorporating emotions in a cognitive agent. However, each model has its own merits and demerits. Moreover, most studies on emotion focus on steady-state emotions than emotion switching. Thus, in this article, a domain-independent computational model of emotions for intelligent agent is proposed that have modules for emotion elicitation, emotion regulation, and emotion transition. The model is built on some well-known psychological theories such as appraisal theories of emotions, emotion regulation theory, and multistore human memory model. The design of the model is using the concept of fuzzy logic to handle uncertain and subjective information. The main focus is on primary emotions as suggested by Ekman; however, simultaneous elicitation of multiple emotions (called secondary emotion) is also supported by the model.
Das interdisziplinäre Liquorlabor
Authors: Petersmann Astrid , Roser Markus , Kessler Christof , Nauck Matthias , Dressel Alexander
Published: January 2015

Die Analyse von Liquorproben stellt hohe Anforderungen an das durchführende Laboratorium. Neben der Richtlinie der Bundesärztekammer zur Qualitätssicherung laboratoriumsmedizinischer Untersuchungen (RiLiBÄK) finden u.a. die Richtlinien und der Methodenkatalog der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Liquordiagnostik und Klinische Neurochemie e.V. (DGLN) Anwendung. Historisch bedingt wird die Liquordiagnostik in Laboratorien mit enger Anbindung an Neurologische Einrichtungen durchgeführt. Generell wird Liquordiagnostik von Zentrallaboratorien angeboten, zum Teil weil keine eigenständigen neurologische Laboratorien bestehen, zum Teil, um die Nacht- und Wochenendzeiten für die akute Patientenversorgung abzudecken. Die Folge können Doppelstrukturen mit Unterschieden z.B. in den verwendeten Methoden, Bewertung von Ergebnissen oder Berichtswegen sein. Ein interdisziplinäres Liquorlaboratorium führt die Expertise beider Fachdisziplinen zusammen mit einem großen Nutzen für die Qualität der Patientenversorgung bei verbesserten wirtschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen.
Regional adjustment of thyroid hormone reference intervals
Authors: Ganslmeier Mira , Castrop Claudia , Scheidhauer Klemens , Rondak Ina-Christine , Luppa Peter B.
Published: January 2015

Background: We conducted a study in a metropolitan area to establish regional reference intervals for thyreotropin (TSH) and the thyroid hormones free triiodthyronine (fT3) and free thyroxine (fT4). This was due to the different reference ranges, based on varying regional trials, presented for a widely used electrochemiluminescence immunoassay system.

Methods: We investigated 292 apparently healthy adult subjects and excluded those with known history of thyroid disease, abnormal findings in the ultrasonographic examination of the thyroid gland, or elevated thyroid autoantibodies in serum. Accordingly, 204 of 292 subjects were included as the reference collective. We measured serum concentrations of TSH, fT3, and fT4 using the Elecsys assays from Roche Diagnostics and calculated the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles.

Results: The nonparametrically calculated reference values for TSH and fT4 were 0.58–3.49 mIU/L and 11.58–20.46 pmol/L, respectively. Statistically remarkable is the finding of a normal Gaussian distribution of the fT3 serum concentration, leading to the parametric reference interval of 3.56–5.88 pmol/L.

Conclusions: The established reference values for this regional collective showed tighter intervals than the reference ranges provided by the manufacturer. A carefully selected study population, based on the correspondent National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry criteria, ensured a valid set of reference ranges for TSH, fT3, and fT4, providing a basis for accurate in vitro thyroid testing. The 2.5th percentile for the fT3 is now in better accordance with clinical findings.
Systematik der korrekten Laborabrechnung – rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen
Authors: Rathenberg Jan , Ivandic Boris , Wohlfart Cornelia
Published: January 2015

Die Abrechnung von ärztlichen Laboruntersuchungen scheint zunächst allen Beteiligten – Arztpraxen, Kliniken, Laboren – eindeutig und allgemein bekannt zu sein. Doch immer wiederkehrende Fragen, beispielsweise wie eine bestimmte Laboruntersuchung an wen abgerechnet werden müsse oder ob eine bestimmte Abrechnungsparametrierung so korrekt sei, zeigen die eigentliche Komplexität. Diese und andere Fragen stellen sich insbesondere dann, wenn Laboraufträge verschiedene Laborbereiche, Abrechnungsarten und Kostenträger umfassen. Die oftmals erst auf den zweiten Blick ersichtliche korrekte Abrechnung hat grundlegende rechtliche und finanzielle Bedeutung, nicht nur für den ärztlichen Labordienstleister, sondern auch für den ärztlichen Veranlasser. Weil sich die Abrechnungsparametrierung durch fast alle Unternehmensprozesse zieht, angefangen bei der Beauftragung durch den Einsender bis zur (Ab-) Rechnung an den Kostenträger, ist hier besondere Sorgfalt geboten. In diesem Übersichtsartikel werden alle relevanten Aspekte zur Abrechnung von ärztlichen Laboruntersuchungen im Rahmen der ambulanten vertrags- und privatärztlichen Versorgung, der Versorgung von Kliniken und anderen speziellen Einsendergruppen zusammenfassend behandelt. Dabei werden nicht nur die Aspekte der Laboratoriumsmedizin und Mikrobiologie, sondern weitestgehend auch der Molekular- und Zytogenetik sowie der pathologisch-zytologischen Labordiagnostik einbezogen. Außerdem wurde eine Systematik herausgearbeitet, die einen Überblick über die geltenden Abrechnungsregeln gibt, ohne vom Leser das Studium der einschlägigen Gesetzestexte, Vorschriften oder Richtlinien im Detail zu verlangen – selbstverständlich mit Verweis auf die entsprechenden Rechtsquellen und Referenzen.
Empfehlungen zur Häufigkeit der Anforderung von Laboruntersuchungen
Authors: Orth Matthias , Aufenanger Johannes , Hoffmann Georg , Hofmann Walter , Klosson Rupert , Lichtinghagen Ralf , Otte Klaus-Martin , Stamminger Gudrun , Stiegler Yuriko , Wiegel Bernhard , Wieland Eberhard
Published: January 2015

Eine labormedizinische Diagnostik ist bei vielen Patienten für eine erfolgreiche medizinische Behandlung notwendig. Sowohl aus ökonomischen als auch aus ethischen Gründen sollten labormedizinische Leistungen weder zu häufig (als „Wiederholungsuntersuchungen“) noch zu selten angefordert werden. Mit diesen Empfehlungen werden für eine Reihe von labormedizinischen Untersuchungen anhand von Studien, pathophysiologischen Zusammenhängen und Konsensus Empfehlungen für eine sinnvolle Wiederholungsfrequenz gegeben. Diese Empfehlungen betreffen das minimale Zeitintervall zwischen 2 Messungen sowie die Kriterien zur Durchführung einer Wiederholungsbestimmung. Ergänzt werden diese Empfehlungen mit grundsätzlichen Überlegungen zur Indikation und Untersuchungsfrequenz von labormedizinischen Untersuchungen.
Clinical use of S-HER2 in breast cancer for detecting metastatic recurrence and monitoring effect of trastuzumab treatment
Authors: Kjær Ina Mathilde , Brandslund Ivan
Published: January 2015

In 15%–20% of breast cancers, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed. Part of HER2 is shed into the circulation, where it can be measured in serum as S-HER2. Although many studies have tried to establish the clinical usefulness of S-HER2, S-HER2 has not yet found its place in clinical practice because large prospective trials have been missing. We present our own recent work to provide a suggestion of the clinical use of S-HER2. A total of 540 patients were followed up after primary surgery. The sensitivity of detection of recurrence in tissue HER2-positive patients was 69% and the positive predictive value was 47% using a cutoff value of 15 μg/L. Further, we have shown that the S-HER2 value reflects the effect of targeted treatment with trastuzumab. An increase in S-HER2 was correlated with progression of disease in 40 out of 44 clinical courses, whereas a decrease in S-HER2 was correlated to no progression or regression in 20 out of 21 courses. We propose to include S-HER2 in the clinical follow-up after primary surgery of tissue HER2-positive breast cancer patients to detect recurrence. We suggest a prospective randomized trial on the individualized, tailored therapy of these patients using S-HER2 as an indicator of the need to investigate recurrence.
DFS70-Antikörper – Biomarker zum Ausschluss ANA-assoziierter rheumatischer Erkrankungen
Authors: Conrad Karsten , Röber Nadja , Rudolph Sebastian , Mahler Michael
Published: January 2015

Trotz aller Fortschritte bei der Etablierung spezifischer Autoantikörperassays ist das Screening auf antinukleäre Antikörper (ANA) mittels indirekter Immunfluoreszenz an HEp-2-Zellen für eine qualitätsgerechte Labordiagnostik von ANA-assoziierten rheumatischen Erkrankungen (AARE) weiterhin unabdingbar. Mit den Erkenntnissen zur Relevanz von DFS-Mustern und DFS70-Antikörpern eröffnen sich neue Möglichkeiten zur Optimierung der serologischen Stufendiagnostik bei Verdacht auf AARE. Das dicht-feingranuläre („dense fine speckled“, DFS) ANA-Muster ist relativ gut von den klassischen, mit dsDNA-Antikörpern assoziierten „homogenen“ ANA-Mustern differenzierbar. Die wichtigste bei diesem Muster nachweisbare ANA-Spezifität ist der DFS70-Antikörper (Synonym: LEDGF-Antikörper). Dieser Antikörper ist auch die häufigste bei ANA-positiven gesunden Personen nachweisbare ANA-Spezifität. Die Prävalenz von DFS70-Antikörpern in AARE-Patienten ist signifikant niedriger im Vergleich zur Prävalenz bei ANA gesunden Personen. Es besteht eine negative Assoziation der DFS70-Antikörper mit AARE, insbesondere wenn der Antikörper nicht in Begleitung von klinisch relevanten Autoantikörpern vorliegt. Isolierte DFS70-Antikörper findet man in weniger als 1% der AARE, aber in 5%–11% bei gesunden Personen. Beim Vorliegen eines isolierten DFS70-Antikörpers verringert sich die post-Test-Wahrscheinlichkeit für eine AARE deutlich. DFS70-Antikörper sind daher wertvolle neue Biomarker zur besseren Interpretation positiver ANA bei Negativität für AARE-assoziierte Autoantikörper und sollten in modifizierte Testalgorithmen zur Vermeidung unnötiger Überweisungen und Folgeuntersuchung von ANA positiven Personen integriert werden.
Richness and distribution of porcupines (Erethizontidae: Coendou) from Colombia
Authors: Ramírez-Chaves Héctor E. , Suárez-Castro Andrés Felipe , Morales-Martínez Darwin M. , Vallejo-Pareja María Camila
Published: January 2015

In spite of previous reviews, there is still no consensus on the information associated to the richness of the genus
Roots to start research in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: molecular pathways and novel therapeutics for future
Authors: Harikrishnareddy Dibbanti , Misra Shubham , Upadhyay Sujata , Modi Manish , Medhi Bikash
Published: January 2015

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurological disease that rapidly progresses from mild motor symptoms to severe motor paralysis and premature death. There is currently no cure for this devastating disease; most ALS patients die of respiratory failure generally within 3–5 years from the onset of signs and symptoms. Approximately 90% of ALS cases are sporadic in nature, with no clear associated risk factors. It is reported that ALS is a complex and multifaceted neurodegenerative disease. Less is known about the key factors involved in the sporadic form of the disease. The intricate pathogenic mechanisms that target motor neurons in ALS includes oxidative stress, glutamate excitotoxicity, mitochondrial damage, protein aggregation, glia and neuroinflammation pathology, defective axonal transport, and aberrant RNA metabolism. Despite aggressive research, no therapy has been yet proven to completely reverse the core symptoms of the disease. Riluzole is the only drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration and recommended by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence so far proven to be successful against ALS and may prevent progression and extend life for a few months or so. This article provides a novel understanding in key findings of pathogenesis and interventions currently under investigation to slow disease progression in ALS.
Inauthentic authenticity: Semiotic design and globalization in the margins of China
Authors: Wang Xuan
Published: January 2015

Drawing on Kress's notion of semiotic design, this paper engages with the issue of authenticity as semiotic processes in the margins of globalization, namely, Enshi, a rural minority area in Central China. Two cases are examined: Internet dialect rap and Tujia heritage tourism, both of which provide new semiotic opportunities during Enshi's processes of globalization as a margin. In both cases, authenticity is a salient imperative of identity making that involves strategic, complex processes of semiotic maneuvering that orients towards multi-scalar, polycentric systems of norm. The outcome of these is “inauthentic authenticity” – semiotic innovation and transformation for translocal mobility.
Authorial intention and global coherence in fictional text comprehension: A cognitive approach
Authors: Horváth Márta
Published: January 2015

In today's literary theory there is a consensus regarding the concept of authorial intention, namely, that it is obsolete and useless for the interpretation of literary texts and has relevance only in such discourses as legal discourse or literary history. The aim of my paper is to reinterpret the concept of authorial intent from the aspect of Darwinian and cognitive theory. I will argue that the authorial intention is not a fallacy that necessarily results in misinterpretations of the text, but a way of reading narrative according to its fictional status. I will demonstrate on some examples that the strongest stimuli for making assumptions about the authorial intention are passages that do not allow the reader to follow any intradiegetic perspective but force a global view on the fictional work.
From trace to topical field: Toward a linguistic definition of point of view
Authors: Simonffy Zsuzsa
Published: January 2015

Within the framework of this paper we undertake the task of trying to make explicit the combinability of words, or on the contrary their non-combinability by making use of the findings of Pierre-Yves Raccah's work on the semantics of the viewpoint, with the hope of offering new perspectives for the reading of narratives. With the help of laying down the topical foundations of lexis we may get closer to finding out how linguistic units construct meaning, or rather how they enforce the adoption of given points of view before the question of referentiality would arise.
Context-dependent vantage points in literary narratives: A functional cognitive approach
Authors: Tátrai Szilárd
Published: January 2015

This paper offers a model for the interpretation of stories as referential scenes in narrative discourses as joint attentional scenes (see Tomasello 1999). It is proposed that narrative interpretation crucially builds on the context-dependent processing of the physical, social, and mental worlds presented by the narrative, pertaining to spatio-temporal relations, interpersonal relations, and the mental states of participants, respectively (see Tátrai 2010a; cf. Verschueren 1999). Set against the background of social cognitive linguistics (cf. Sinha 1999; Croft 2009), the model has a strong pragmatic orientation with its focus on the role of two context-dependent vantage points in the generation of a discourse universe (see Sanders and Spooren 1997). The first is the referential center that forms the basis of the situative grounding of the narrative's spatio-temporal and interpersonal relations. Second, the subject of consciousness plays a fundamental role in providing access to the mental processes of participants. The paper demonstrates the model's applicability by a pragmatic analysis of “That Will Be Fine” by William Faulkner.
Structural ambiguity in Montague Grammar and categorial grammar
Authors: Morrill Glyn
Published: January 2015

We give a type logical categorial grammar for the syntax and semantics of Montague's seminal fragment, which includes ambiguities of quantification and intensionality and their interactions, and we present the analyses assigned by a parser/theorem prover CatLog to the examples in the first half of Chapter 7 of the classic text
Zur Streifenstruktur der Kossel-Möllenstedtschen Elektroneninterferenzen mit konvergentem Bündel I
Authors: Fues E. , Wagner E. H.
Published: January 2015

In früheren Arbeiten des einen von uns ist der Gegenstand skizziert worden, für den hier eine ausführliche Berechnung mitgeteilt wird. Die hier gegebene Form erlaubt eine unmittelbare Anwendung auf die durch das Experiment gegebenen Beugungsaufnahmen. Teil I führt bis zur Aufstellung der Pendellösung beim N-Strahlproblem, soweit sich dieses in Zwei- und Dreistrahlfälle aufspaltet. Teil II benützt das Ergebnis zur Berechnung des Streifenverlaufs.
Zur Darstellung von Wellenfeldern
Authors: Braunbek Werner
Published: January 2015

Der Begriff der Wellenflächen wird näher untersucht. Es zeigt sich, daß eine Darstellung eines Wellenfeldes durch Phasenflächen und die dazu orthogonalen Stromlinien des zeitlich gemittelten Energiestroms im skalaren Wellenfeld (Schallfeld in Flüssigkeiten und Gasen) immer, im elektromagnetischen Wellenfeld dagegen nur bei speziellen Klassen von Problemen möglich ist. Im allgemeinen besitzt dort der mittlere Energiestrom überhaupt keine Orthogonalflächen.
Die Dissoziation des Schwefeldampfes
Authors: Braune H. , Peter S .
Published: January 2015

Die Dissoziationsverhältnisse im Schwefeldampf wurden durch sorgfältige Messungen nachgeprüft. Dabei ergab sich, daß die Deutung der Versuchsergebnisse im Gegensatz zu der bisherigen Annahme nur unter Berücksichtigung der Molekülart S4 möglich ist. Aus den Ergebnissen wurden die Wärmetönungen der verschiedenen Dissoziationsreaktionen sowie der thermodynamisch wichtigen Reaktion

Srhomb⇄S2Dampf berechnet.
Die Energieniveaus des hochangeregten N 15 -Kernes
Authors: Stetter Wolfgang , Bothe Walther
Published: January 2015

Die Wilhelmysche Methode zur Spektroskopie hochangeregter Zwischenkerne wurde in folgenden Punkten vervollkommnet: Die störenden Wandeffekte wurden nach einem Antikoinzidenzprinzip ausgeschaltet. Durch flachen Bau der Ionisationskammer in Verbindung mit der Antikoinzidenzschaltung wurde der Sättigungsausfall durch Kolonnenionisation weitgehend unterdrückt.

Durch diese beiden Maßnahmen wurde der kontinuierliche Untergrund in der Energieverteilung der Beaktionsprodukte erheblich herabgedrückt, und die Schärfe der Besonanzmaxima wurde verbessert. Durch Untersuchung der Stickstoff-Neutron-Beaktionen konnte das Termschema des N 15 bis zu 19 MeV über dem Grundzustand erweitert werden. Dabei wurde das Auftreten an-geregter Endkerne nachgewiesen. Zwischen 10 und 19 MeV wurden mindestens 18 Terme beobachtet. Die Termdichte zeigt nicht die nach der ursprünglichen Bohrschen Vorstellung erwartete Zunahme nach oben. Dies wird mit der begrenzten "Wärmeleitfähigkeit" der Kernmaterie in Zusammenhang gebracht.

Die Besonanzerscheinungen in Stickstoff wurden auch in Absorption nachgewiesen und diskutiert.
Die Veränderung der Lumineszenz und der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit von CdS-Kristallen durch Bestrahlung mit α-Teilchen
Authors: Broser Immanuel , Warminsky Ruth
Published: January 2015

Eine Anzahl verschiedenartiger synthetischer Cadmiumsulfid-Kristalle wird der Einwirkung von α-Strahlen ausgesetzt und die Veränderung der Lumineszenz-und Leitfähigkeitseigen-schaften sowohl bei α-Erregung als auch bei Licht-Erregung beobachtet. Während die Lumineszenz durch den Einfluß von α-Strahlen stets nur verringert wird, nimmt das Leitvermögen teilweise auch zu.

Zur Deutung der Versuche wird angenommen, daß durch α-Teilchen im Kristallgitter unbesetzte Störterme (Haftstellen) erzeugt werden, über die monomolekulare strahlungslose Elektronenübergänge möglich sind. Man kommt dann, mit dem Riehl-Schönschen Bändermodell als Grundlage, zu einem Verständnis sämtlicher Meßergebnisse; eine Reihe experimentell bestimmter Kurven kann quantitativ berechnet werden. Darüber hinaus bringen die Untersuchungen neue Erkenntnisse über den Anregungsvorgang bei Absorption von a-Teilchen, wodurch der Unterschied zur Anregung mit Licht deutlich wird.
Über die relative Stabilität von Methylacenen und Methylendihydroacenen
Authors: Höckel Erich , Krause Brigitte
Published: January 2015

Auf Grund spektrometrischer Messungen hat Clar geschlossen, daß bei den im Titel genannten Verbindungen zwischen den beiden tautomeren Formen ein Gleichgewicht besteht, das bei kleinerer Ringzahl zugunsten der Methyl-, bei höherer Ringzahl und symmetrischer Substitution zugunsten der Methylenverbindung liegt. - Durch Berechnung der Resonanzenergien der π-Elektronen nach der Methode der molekularen Elektronenzustände gelingt eine recht befriedigende Deutung dieser Verhältnisse.
Zum Formalismus linearer Feldtheorien
Authors: Steinwedel Helmut
Published: January 2015

Im Rahmen der von Bopp und Feynman entwickelten linearen Verallgemeinerungen der klassischen Elektrodynamik werden die Beziehungen zwischen den Feldgleichungen, deren allgemeinen Lösungen sowie dem sich aus ihnen ergebenden statischen Potential näher untersucht sowie für "hyperbolische" Feldgleichungen explizit angegeben. Die benutzten Methoden lassen sich leicht auch auf andere Feldtypen (skalare Felder, Spinorfelder sowie geladene Felder) anwenden; die Forderung der Divergenzenfreiheit der Theorie führt auf die bekannten Regularisierungspostulate von Pauli und Villars.
Zur Streifenstruktur der Kossel-Möllenstedtschen Elektroneninterferenzen mit konvergentem Bündel III
Authors: Wagner E. H.
Published: January 2015

In zwei vorangehenden Arbeiten1 wurde gezeigt, unter welchen Voraussetzungen sich ein allgemeines N-Strahlproblem der Elektroneninterferenzen in Zwei-und Dreistrahlprobleme zerlegen läßt (I); der Verlauf der Interferenzstreifen im Dreistrahlfall wurde berechnet (II). In dieser Mitteilung soll erläutert werden, wie sich der Interferenzstreifenverlauf auf den Kossel-Möllenstedt-Aufnahmen bei Mehrstrahlproblemen qualitativ ohne jede Rechnung einem einfachen Modell der Fuesschen Ausbreitungsfläche entnehmen läßt. Aufbau, Darstellung und Handhabung dieses Modells werden allgemein beschrieben (§1 und §2). Als Anwendungsbeispiel wird in § 3 die Streifenstruktur der Glimmerreflexe 060, 331 usw. ermittelt.
Untersuchung der Streuung von Positronen an Elektronen in der Wilsonschen Nebelkammer
Authors: Ritter O. , Lieseberg C. , Maier- Leibnitz H. , Papkow A. , Schmeiser K. , Bothe W.
Published: January 2015

In einer "langsamen", mit Methan gefüllten Wilson-Kammer, die hier beschrieben wird, wird die Streuung von Positronen aus Cu64 an Elektronen untersucht. Aus 5000 Aufnahmen mit 2900 m ausgewerteter Positronenbahnlänge wird die Häufigkeit von Stößen mit verschiedener Energieübertragung im Energiebereich 100-400 ekV bestimmt und mit der Theorie von Möller-Bhabha verglichen. Innerhalb der experimentellen Unsicherheit besteht Übereinstimmung zwischen den beobachteten und den berechneten Absolutwerten. Ein Dreierstoß zwischen einem Positron und zwei Elektronen wurde beobachtet.
Über neue Spektren in der Glimmentladung mit Naphthalindampf
Authors: Schüler H. , Reinebeck L.
Published: January 2015

Mit Hilfe einer Methode, die eine systematische Variation der Anregungsbedingungen organischer Substanzen in der positiven Säule gestattet 1 , wurde Naphthalin untersucht, und auch hier, wie früher beim Benzol 2 , eine größere Mannigfaltigkeit der energetischen Vorgänge im Molekül festgestellt, als man es nach den Versuchen der Absorption erwarten sollte.

Neben der aus Absorption und Fluoreszenz bekannten Anregung des Naphthalins im Gebiet von 3100 Ä werden 4 bisher unbekannte Spektren isoliert, die nicht Übergängen zwischen höher angeregten Termzuständen des Moleküls zugeschrieben werden können. Die Träger dieser Spektren lassen sich bisher nicht bestimmen. Man kann nur vermuten, daß es sich um das Leuchten größerer Molekülbruchstücke handelt.

Dasjenige der Spektren, das bei den höchsten Elektronengeschwindigkeiten auftritt ("T-Spektrum"), erweist sich als identisch mit dem beim Benzol diskutierten "T-Spektrum". Sein Träger hat wahrscheinlich die Konfiguration C2HX (mit x = 1, 2 oder 3), weil es unter ähnlichen Bedingungen auch beim Äthylen beobachtet wird.

Die anderen Spektren müssen noch größeren Molekülbruchstücken zugeordnet werden.

Die Intensität der Spektren macht es wahrscheinlich, daß das angeregte Molekül zerfällt und dabei ein angeregtes Bruchstück entsteht.

Außerdem tritt beim Hineinverdampfen von Naphthalin in eine H2-Entladung eine chemisdie Reaktion ein, die zu einem Bruchstück führt, das auch beim Tetrahydronaphthalin erscheint. Da dieses "A-Spektrum" (das 5. neue Spektrum) nicht dem Tetrahydronaphthalinmolekül selbst angehört, muß es sich bei beiden Substanzen um das Leuchten des gleichen Bruchstückes handeln.
Absorptionsuntersuchungen an der sichtbaren Bande des Bromdampfes
Authors: Kortüm Gustav , Luck Werner
Published: January 2015

Die Extinktionskoeffizienten der sichtbaren Bromdampfbande sind druckabhängig. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse verschiedener Autorenwaren je doch recht widerspruchsvoll und unterschieden sich selbst im Vorzeichen der beobachteten Druckabhängigkeit. Bei Messungen in einem größeren Druck- und Schichtdickenbereich finden wir sowohl mit dem Druck zunehmende und abnehmende, als auch konstante Werte der scheinbaren Extinktionskoeffizienten. Die bisher bekannten Messungen können so zwanglos geordnet werden. Es liegt hier ein charakteristisches Beispiel vor für das Ungültig werden der Absorptionsgesetz ein einem Bandenspektrum mit Linienstruktur. Die älteren Deutungsversuche dieser druckabhängigen Absorptionserscheinungen, ein schließlich der von Kortümund Müller2,3 kürzlich vermuteten Erhöhung der Übergangswahrscheinlichkeit, sind durch Berechnungen der Gesamtabsorption überlappender Spektrallinien zu ersetzen. Es können so mit einfachen apparativen Hilfsmitteln Kenntnisse über die Feinstruktur des Spektrums und über die Größe der molekularen Wirkungsdurchmesser gewonnen werden.
Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Activity of New Pyrimidine and Adenine Peptide Nucleic Acid Analogues
Authors: Zayat Wafaei A. , El-Sayed Wael A. , Abdel-Rahman Adel A.-H.
Published: January 2015

A number of N-substituted thymine and adenine derivatives, 2a, b and 3a, b, were synthesized by the coupling reaction of 1-bromo-2,2-diethoxyethane with the corresponding base. The corresponding peptide nucleic acid (PNA) analogues, N-substituted ethylamino-3-hydroxypropanoate derivatives 5a, b and ethylamino-3-hydroxybutanoate derivatives 6a, b, were synthesized from the corresponding 2-[3,4-dihydro-5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1(2H)- yl]-acetaldehyde (3a) and 2-[6-amino-4H-purin-9(5H)-yl]-acetaldehyde (3b), respectively. The synthesized compounds were tested for their antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus (HBV). The plaque reduction infectivity assay was used to determine the virus count reduction as a result of the treatment with the tested compounds.
Xylomexicanins A and B, New Δ14,15-Mexicanolides from Seeds of the Chinese Mangrove Xylocarpus granatum
Authors: Shen Li-Ru , Dong Mei , Yin Bao-Wei , Guo Dong , Zhang Man-Li , Shi Qing-Wen , Huo Chang-Hong , Kiyota Hiromasa , Suzuki Nobuo , Cong Bin
Published: January 2015

Two new mexicanolide-type limonoids, named xylomexicanin A (1) and xylomexicanin B (2), were isolated from seeds of the Chinese mangrove Xylocarpus granatum. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods. Compound 1 exhibited antiproliferative activity against human breast carcinoma cells (KT), while 2 did not show inhibitory effects on eleven human tumour cell lines tested.
Sesquiterpenes of the Geosmin-Producing Cyanobacterium Calothrix PCC 7507 and their Toxicity to Invertebrates
Authors: Höckelmann Claudia , Becher Paul G. , Reuß Stephan H. von , Jüttner Friedrich
Published: January 2015

The occurrence of sesquiterpenes was investigated with the geosmin-producing cyanobacterium Calothrix PCC 7507. The essential oil obtained by vacuum destillation was studied in more detail by GC-MS methods and superposition with authentic compounds. Geosmin was the dominating compound while the other sesquiterpenes were minor components. Sesquiterpenes that have not been described before in cyanobacteria were isodihydroagarofuran, eremophilone and 6,11-epoxyisodaucane. Closed-loop stripping analysis revealed that most of the sesquiterpenes were found in the biomass of Calothrix, while eremophilone was mainly observed in the medium of the axenic culture. Eremophilone showed acute toxicity (LC50) against Chironomus riparius (insecta) at 29 μM and against Thamnocephalus platyurus (crustacea) at 22 μM. The compound was not toxic for Plectus cirratus (nematoda). 6,11-Epoxyisodaucane and isodihydroagarofuran exhibited no toxicity to invertebrates when applied in concentrations up to 100 μM.
Flavonoid Accumulation in Cell Suspension Cultures of Glycyrrhiza inflata Batal under Optimizing Conditions
Authors: Yang Ying , He Feng , Yu Longjiang , Ji Jiaxing , Wang Yezhen
Published: January 2015

Cell growth and flavonoid production in cell suspension cultures of Glycyrrhiza inflata Batal were investigated under various initial inoculum densities, and sucrose and nitrogen concentrations to develop an optimization method for an improved flavonoid production. Both biomass accumulation and flavonoid production exhibited an “S” curve in one culture cycle, with the greatest value obtained on day 21, which showed that cell growth and fl avonoid biosynthesis went along isochronously. Moreover, according to the biomass and flavonoid production, the appreciate inoculum density, and the sucrose and nitrogen concentrations were 50 g FW L-1, 50 g L-1 and 120 mmol L-1, respectively. In addition, cell growth and flavonoid production showed a peak of 16.4 g DW L-1 and 95.7 mg L-1 on day 21 under the optimizing conditions, respectively. The flavonoid productivity of the cells which were cultured for 3 years is higher than that of the 3-year-old plant, which suggested that flavonoid production by cell cultures of G. inflata is a potentially profitable method. Therefore, this work is considered to be helpful for efficient large-scale bioprocessing of cell cultures in bioreactors.
Leaf Dehydration Induces Different Content of Phenolics and Ferulic Acid in Drought-Resistant and -Sensitive Genotypes of Spring Triticale
Authors: Hura Tomasz , Hura Katarzyna , Grzesiak Stanisław
Published: January 2015

Analyses of the total pool of phenolic compounds and ferulic acid, as a photoprotector of the photosynthetic apparatus, and the activity of L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), as a key enzyme in phenolics synthesis, were carried out. Measurements were performed on drought-resistant (CHD 12, CHD 147) and -sensitive (CHD 220, CHD 247) genotypes of spring triticale during flowering under increasing leaf water deficit. Additionally, the emission of blue and red fluorescence from leaves were estimated.

The exclusively in the resistant triticale genotype CHD 247 observed simultaneous increase in the content of ferulic acid and the total pool of phenolic compounds as a response to the leaf water deficit seems to be a promising biochemical indicator for a reliable selection of genotypes most resistant to drought stress. For the other genotypes, an increase in the total pool of phenolic compounds is accompanied by a decrease in the content of ferulic acid. An increase in the emission of red fluorescence, correlated with the high content of phenolic compounds, indicates the possibilities of these substances participating in the mechanisms of adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus to water deficit in leaf tissues.
Interaction of the [PtCl2(DMSO)2] Complex with L-Cysteine
Authors: Vasić Dragana , Savić Jasmina , Bugarčić Živadin , Krstić Danijela , Tomić Nenad , Petković Marijana , Vasić Vesna
Published: January 2015

The reaction between [PtCl2(DMSO)2] and L-cysteine (L-Cys) has been investigated in the presence of micelles of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) - as a model for biological membranes. Additionally, the inhibitory effect of [PtCl2(DMSO)2] on the Na+,K+-ATPase activity and its partial prevention with 10 mM L-Cys were demonstrated. The interaction of L-Cys with [PtCl2(DMSO)2] resulted in the formation of a [Pt(DMSO)2(L-Cys)2]2+ (DMSO)2] complex, which most probably occurs through stepwise replacement of Cl- with L-Cys. It has also been demonstrated that neither the pH value nor SDS affects the composition of the new complex. On the other hand, the pH value and SDS do affect the reaction rate, most probably due to electrostatic interactions with reactants. In summary, this study can be used as a simple model approach for the investigation of reaction mechanisms between platinum complexes and various biomolecules, and for the determination of potential toxicity and/or side effects of antitumour platinum drugs.
Efficient Extraction of RNA and Analysis of Gene Expression in a Long-Term Taxus Cell Culture Using Real-Time RT-PCR
Authors: Li Li-Qin , Fu Chun-Hua , Zhao Chun-Fang , Xia Juan , Wu Wen-Juan , Yu Long-Jiang
Published: January 2015

A simple, quick and efficient method for isolating total RNA from heavy browning cells was developed by adding polyvinylpyrrolidone, mercaptoethanol and 3 M NaAc during the process of the Trizol (a kind of a widely used RNA extraction buffer) method. High-quality total RNA was isolated and synthesized to cDNA. Transcript levels of four paclitaxel biosynthetic pathway genes: dxr, hmgr, ggpps and dbat were assayed by real-time RT-PCR. The results demonstrated that the transcript levels of these genes experienced a coincident descent in the past three years as well as a decreasing paclitaxel productivity. According to these results, the possible reason for the descending paclitaxel productivity during long-term Taxus media cv. Hicksii cell culture maybe due to a decreasing transcripts level of mass genes in close with a gross secondary metabolite level. Gene manipulation emphasized only on key enzyme genes in the paclitaxel biosynthesis pathway may not hamper the somaclonal variation trend of Taxus media cv. Hicksii cell culture.
A Solid-State Bioprocess for Selecting Lipase-Producing Filamentous Fungi
Authors: Colla Luciane Maria , Rezzadori Kátia , Kochenborger Câmara Stela , Debon Janaina , Tibolla Márcia , Bertolin Telma Elita , Vieira Costa Jorge Alberto
Published: January 2015

A solid-state bioprocess with wheat bran and rice husk as substrate was used to isolate filamentous fungi with lipase activity from dairy effluent and soil contaminated with diesel oil. The lipase activity was measured in units, with one unit (U) being defined as the amount of enzyme required to liberate 1 μmol of fatty acids per minute per gram of bran substrate (1 U = 1 μmol min-1 g-1). We obtained 24 isolates of filamentous fungi with lipase activity, 17 from the dairy effluent and 7 from the diesel oil-contaminated soil. The best lipase producers were the dairy effluent isolate Aspergillus E-6, with a maximum lipase activity of 49.81 U, and Aspergillus isolate O-4 recovered from the diesel oil-contaminated soil, with a maximum lipase activity of 45.49 U. Both isolates produced their maximum lipase activity eight days after the start of the bioprocess.
Cloning and Heterologous Expression of a New 3ʹ-Hydroxylase Gene from Lycoris radiata
Authors: Li Ya-zhong , Li Xiao-dan , Jiang Yu-mei , Wang Ren , Xia Bing
Published: January 2015

A full-length cDNA (LC3ʹH) was obtained from a cDNA library of Lycoris radiata by DOP-PCR (degenerate oligonucleotide primer PCR), 3ʹrace and 5ʹrace methods. Compared with the other reported enzymes from different plants, the deduced amino acid sequence of LC3ʹH exhibits significant homologies to 3ʹ-hydroxylases that are involved in the caffeic acid biosynthesis. These findings suggest that the new gene is closely related to the biosynthesis of caffeic acid, which is also an important step of the galanthamine biosynthesis in Amaryllidaceae plants.
Antimycobacterial Activity of Natural and Semi-Synthetic Lignans
Authors: Silva Márcio Luís A. , Martins Carlos H. G. , Lucarini Rodrigo , Sato Daisy N. , Pavan Fernando R. , Freitas Nayara H. A. , Andrade Leonardo N. , Pereira Ana C. , Bianco Thais N. C. , Vinholis Adriana H. C. , Cunha Wilson R. , Bastos Jairo K. , Silva Rosangela , Silva Filho Ademar A. da
Published: January 2015

The antimycobacterial activity of (-)-cubebin (1), hinokinin (2), and some of their semisynthetic derivatives, namely (-)-O-acetyl-cubebin (3), (-)-O-methyl-cubebin (4), (-)-O-(N,Ndimethylamine- ethyl)-cubebin (5) and (-)-6,6´-dinitrohinokinin (6), was evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ATCC 27294), M. kansasii (ATCC 12478), and M. avium (ATCC 15769). The MIC values ranged from 31.25 to 2000 μg/mL. Among the evaluated compounds, 2 displayed a MIC value of 62.5 μg/mL against M. tuberculosis, while 3 and 4 displayed MIC values of 62.5 and 31.25 μg/mL, respectively, against M. avium. All compounds were inactive against M. kansasii. These are promising results concerning the search for biologically active natural products, highlighting that new approaches to the prevention, treatment, and cure of tuberculosis are extremely important.
Activity of Armillarisin B in vitro against Plant Pathogenic Fungi
Authors: Shen Jin-Wen , Ma Bing-Ji , Li Wen , Yu Hai-You , Wu Ting-Ting , Ruan Yuan
Published: January 2015

The methanolic extract of the fruiting bodies of the mushroom Armillariella tabescens was found to show antifungal activity against Gibberella zeae. The active compound was isolated from the fruiting bodies of A. tabescens by bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract and identifi ed as armillarisin B. Armillarisin B eventually corresponds to 2-hydroxy-2- phenylpropanediamide and its structure was confi rmed on the basis of spectroscopic studies including 2D NMR experiments.
Structure-Activity Relationships of Aromadendranes in Uterus- Relaxant Activity
Authors: Pérez-Hernández Nury , Ponce-Monter Hector , Ortiz Mario I. , Cariño-Cortés Raquel , Joseph-Nathan Pedro
Published: January 2015

Aromadendranes belong to a class of sesquiterpenes present in higher plant essential oils and marine animals. Although the biological activities include antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, plant growth regulatory, antifeedant, repellent and cytotoxic, there is only one precedent for spasmolytic effects. In a previous report we have shown that the aromadendrene molecule known as spathulenol, isolated from Lepechinia caulescens, efficiently relaxes rat uterus rings and therefore in the present work we describe structure-activity relationships of thirteen aromadendranes, most of them having the trans-fused perhydroazulene skeleton, with spasmolytic activity.
Variation in Chemotactic Preferences of Aphanomyces cochlioides Zoospores to Flavonoids
Authors: Islam M. Tofazzal
Published: January 2015

The zoospores of the phytopathogenic Aphanomyces cochlioides are chemotactically attracted by a host-specific flavone, cochliophilin A (5-hydroxy-6,7-methylenedioxyflavone), and repelled from the mammalian estrogens or estrogenic compounds. This study further examined the responses of A. cochlioides zoospores to some flavonoids structurally related to cochliophilin A or compounds known as phytoestrogens. The bioassay revealed that some synthetic flavones (such as 6-methyl-4'-methoxyflavone, 3-hydroxy-4´methoxyfl avone, 7-hydroxy- 5-methylflavone, 3-hydroxy-4´methoxy-6-methylflavone) elicited attractant activity at concentrations as low as picomolar (10 pM), which was an 100-fold lower concentration than that of the threshold concentration of the host-specifi c attractant cochliophilin A. Apparently, a hydrophobic B-ring with an alkylated (methylated) A-ring or a methoxylated B-ring with an unsubstituted A-ring in the flavone skeleton played a significant role in higher attractant activity. On the other hand, all known estrogenic flavonoids (such as equol, 3´ or 8-prenylated naringenins) displayed potent repellent activity toward zoospores. Surprisingly, zoospores were attracted by non-estrogenic 6-prenylated naringenin indicating that repellent activity is linked to the estrogenic activity of the phytoestrogens.
Effects of Oxygen Supply on Growth and Carotenoids Accumulation by Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous
Authors: Wang Wenjun , Yu Longjiang
Published: January 2015

The effects of oxygen supply on growth and carotenoids accumulation by Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous were studied. Initial volumetric oxygen transfer coefficients (KLa) within the range 21.5 - 148.5 h-1 had significant effects on growth and carotenoids accumulation, and an increase of the initial KLa value led to higher carotenoids, astaxanthin and biomass yields by X. dendrorhous. At an initial KLa value of 148.5 h-1, a maximal cell concentration of 19.37 g l-1 and optimal carotenoids and astaxanthin productions of 18.1 and 14.5 mg l-1 were obtained, as well as a maximal astaxanthin content of 0.8 mg g DCW-1, respectively. A higher oxygen supply was advantageous to astaxanthin biosynthesis and the ratio of astaxanthin in the total carotenoids. An increasing initial KLa value gave stronger fluorescence intensities by X. dendrorhous, resulting in the maximal intensity of fluorescence at the KLa value 148.5 h-1. The cell growth of X. dendrorhous was significantly inhibited when dissolved oxygen tension (DOT) was controlled at ~20% air saturation, which was due to the oxygen limitation in broth. The astaxanthin yield and content at ~50% DOT were higher than those at ~20% DOT.
Agrobacterium rhizogenes-Mediated Transformation of Hypericum tomentosum L. and Hypericum tetrapterum Fries.
Authors: Komarovská Hedviga , Giovannini Annalisa , Košuth Ján , Čellárová Eva
Published: January 2015

This is the fi rst evidence on successful Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated genetic transformation of two species from the genus Hypericum, H. tomentosum L. and H. tetrapterum Fries. Hairy root cultures were induced from root segments of both Hypericum species by two agropine wild-type strains of A. rhizogenes, ATCC 15834 and A4. The transgenic character of the hairy root cultures was proved by PCR amplifi cation of the rolABCD genes. In some H. tetrapterum transgenic lines aux genes were detected as well.