bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Guidance for systematic reviews in journal author instructions: Findings and recommendations for editorial teams
Authors: Pauwels Nele S. , Koobasi Muguet , Fry Andra , Vandendriessche Thomas , Wittevrongel Annie , Ødegaard Marte
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Systematic reviews play a crucial role in informing clinical decision‐making, policy formulation, and evidence‐based practice. However, despite the existence of well‐established guidelines, inadequately executed and reported systematic reviews continue to be published. These highly cited reviews not only pose a threat to the credibility of science but also have substantial implications for medical decision‐making. This study aims to evaluate and recommend improvements to the author instructions of biomedical and health journals concerning the conducting and reporting of systematic reviews.

Methods

A sample of 168 journals was selected based on systematic reviews published between 2020 and 2021, taking into account their Altmetric attention score, citation impact, and mentions in Altmetric Explorer. Author instructions were downloaded, and data extraction was carried out using a standardized web form. Two reviewers independently extracted data, and discrepancies were resolved by a third reviewer. The findings were presented using descriptive statistics, and recommendations for editorial teams were formulated. The protocol is registered with the Open Science Framework Registries (osf. io/bym8d).

Results

One‐third of the journals lack tailored guidance for systematic reviews, as demonstrated by the absence of references to conducting or reporting guidelines, protocol registration, data sharing, and the involvement of an information specialist. Half of the author instructions do not include a dedicated section on systematic reviews, hampering the findability of tailored information. The involvement of information specialists is seldom acknowledged. Ultimately, the absence of an update date in most author instructions raises concerns about the incorporation of the most recent developments and tools for systematic reviews.

Conclusion

Journals that make substantial contributions to synthesizing evidence in biomedicine and health are missing an opportunity to provide clear guidance within their author instructions regarding the conducting and reporting of reliable systematic reviews. This not only fails to inform future authors but also potentially compromises the quality of this frequently published research type. Furthermore, there is a need for greater recognition of the added value of information specialists to the systematic review and publishing processes. This article provides recommendations drawn from the study's observations, aiming to help editorial teams enhance author instructions and, consequently, potentially assisting systematic reviewers in improving the quality of their reviews.
Impact of Sonic Hedgehog‐dependent sphenoid bone defect on craniofacial growth
Authors: Guyodo Hélène , Rizzo Aurélie , Diab Farah , Noury Fanny , Mironov Svetlana , de Tayrac Marie , David Véronique , Odent Sylvie , Dubourg Christèle , Dupé Valérie
Published: April 2024

Objectives

The main objective of this study was to evaluate how an apparently minor anomaly of the sphenoid bone, observed in a haploinsufficient mouse model for Sonic Hedgehog (Shh), affects the growth of the adult craniofacial region. This study aims to provide valuable information to orthodontists when making decisions regarding individuals carrying SHH mutation.

Materials and Methods

The skulls of embryonic, juvenile and adult mice of two genotypes (Shh heterozygous and wild type) were examined and measured using landmark‐based linear dimensions. Additionally, we analysed the clinical characteristics of a group of patients and their relatives with SHH gene mutations.

Results

In the viable Shh+/− mouse model, bred on a C57BL/6J background, we noted the presence of a persistent foramen at the midline of the basisphenoid bone. This particular anomaly was attributed to the existence of an ectopic pituitary gland. We discovered that this anomaly led to premature closure of the intrasphenoidal synchondrosis and contributed to craniofacial deformities in adult mice, including a longitudinally shortened skull base. This developmental anomaly is reminiscent of that commonly observed in human holoprosencephaly, a disorder resulting from a deficiency in SHH activity. However, sphenoid morphogenesis is not currently monitored in individuals carrying SHH mutations.

Conclusion

Haploinsufficiency of Shh leads to isolated craniofacial skeletal hypoplasia in adult mouse. This finding highlights the importance of radiographic monitoring of the skull base in all individuals with SHH gene mutations.
Compared to oxcarbazepine and carbamazepine, botulinum toxin type A is a useful therapeutic option for trigeminal neuralgia symptoms: A systematic review
Authors: Naderi Yeganeh , Rad Maryam , Sadatmoosavi Ali , Khaleghi Elham , Khorrami Zahra , Chamani Goli , Shabani Mohammad
Published: April 2024

Objectives

This review aimed to compare the effectiveness of three treatments: BTX A, CBZ, and OXB, in managing trigeminal neuralgia (TN).

Material and Methods

We conducted a thorough search for research articles related to our issue using specific keywords on several databases, including Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, Elsevier, Springer Journals, Ovid Medline, EBSCO, and Web of Science. Our focus was on publications from 1965 to 2023.

Results

We retrieved 46 articles from the search and reviewed them carefully. Out of these, we selected 29 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Among the selected articles, 11 investigated the effects of CBZ and OXB, while 18 explored the impact of BTX A on the improvement of TN symptoms. The response rate ranged between 56% and 90.5% for CBZ and between 90.9% and 94% for OXB. The response rate for BTX A ranged between 51.4% and 100%. All these three treatments had a remarkable effect on the improvement of TN. Importantly, findings highlighted that side effects of CBZ and OXB could lead to treatment discontinuation in some cases, whereas BTX A's side effects have been minimal and less frequent.

Conclusions

Consequently, BTX A emerges as a promising alternative for TN treatment. However, additional clinical trials are necessary to validate this finding, and further research is required to establish a standardized protocol for administering BTX A in TN.
Clusters of adipose tissue dysfunction in adults with type 2 diabetes identify those with worse lipidomic profile despite similar glycaemic control
Authors: Della Pepa Giuseppe , Carli Fabrizia , Sabatini Silvia , Pezzica Samantha , Russo Marco , Vitale Marilena , Masulli Maria , Riccardi Gabriele , Rivellese Angela A. , Vaccaro Olga , Bozzetto Lutgarda , Gastaldelli Amalia
Published: April 2024

Aims

To investigate clusters of adipose tissue dysfunction, that is, with adipose tissue insulin resistance (ADIPO‐IR) and large waist circumference (WC), identify a worse lipidomic profile characterised by a high proportion of lipids rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA).

Materials and Methods

Hierarchical clustering based on WC and ADIPO‐IR (calculated as fasting plasma non‐esterified fatty acids times fasting plasma insulin, FFA×INS), was performed in 192 adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) treated with metformin (HbA1c = 7.8%). Free fatty acid composition and lipidomic profile were measured by mass spectrometry (GC‐MS and LC‐MSQTOF). Indexes of fatty acid desaturation (stearoyl‐coA desaturase‐1 activity, SCD116 = palmitoleic acid/palmitic acid and SCD118 = oleic acid/stearic acid) and of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) were also calculated.

Results

Three clusters were identified: CL1 (ADIPO‐IR = 4.9 ± 2.4 and WC = 96±7 cm, mean ± SD), CL2 (ADIPO‐IR = 6.5 ± 2.5 and WC = 114 ± 7 cm), and CL3 (ADIPO‐IR = 15.0 ± 4.7 and WC = 107 ± 8 cm). Insulin concentrations, ADIPO‐IR, and HOMA‐IR significantly increased from CL1 to CL3 (all p < 0.001), while fasting glucose concentrations, HbA1c, dietary lipids and caloric intake were similar. Moreover, CL3 showed significantly higher concentrations of monounsaturated free fatty acids, oleic and palmitoleic acids, triglycerides (TAG) rich in saturated FA and associated with de novo lipogenesis (i.e., TAG 46–50), higher SCD116, SCD118, ceramide (d18:0/18:0), and phosphatidylcholine aa(36:5) compared with CL1/CL2 (all p < 0.005).

Conclusions

High ADIPO‐IR and large WC identify a worse lipid profile in T2D characterised by complex lipids rich in SFA, likely due to de novo synthesis given higher plasma monounsaturated FFA and increased desaturase activity indexes.

Registration Number Trial

ID NCT00700856 https://clinicaltrials.gov.
Increased tree water use with the development of a dense understory layer in a North American hardwood forest
Authors: Rasoanaivo Arielle , Mekontchou Claudele Ghotsa , Rochon Pascal , Nolet Philippe , Maheu Audrey
Published: April 2024

The formation of a single species, recalcitrant understory vegetation layer can limit tree regeneration and, in the long term, modify the composition of forests. Few studies have investigated how recalcitrant vegetation influences competition for water resources although the formation of a dense understory is likely to modify the forest water balance. In eastern North American hardwood forests, the development of a dense understory layer of American beech (Fagus grandifolia) has been observed in stands dominated by sugar maple (Acer saccharum), a phenomenon that shares many characteristics associated with recalcitrant vegetation. Given that water availability is generally negatively correlated with stand density, we hypothesized that the formation of a dense understory beech layer increased competition for water resources, thus leading to reduced water use by sugar maple trees in beech‐dominated stands. Using thermal dissipation sensors, we measured sap flux density (Fd) of two sugar maple trees at three beech‐dominated sites and three control sites. During the growing season, Fd of sugar maple trees was significantly larger at beech‐dominated sites compared to control sites, indicating a greater rate of water use by sugar maples in stands with a dense understory beech layer. We provide two hypotheses to explain our results at the tree scale: (i) reduced cover by forest floor vegetation could limit transpiration by this layer, thus allowing increased water availability to supply transpiration by overstory trees, or (ii) increased tree transpiration rate could be a mechanism to satisfy nutrient requirements in beech‐dominated stands often associated with lower soil fertility.
Epithelial‐immune cell crosstalk for intestinal barrier homeostasis
Authors: Yao Yikun , Shang Wanjing , Bao Lingyu , Peng Zhaoyi , Wu Chuan
Published: April 2024

The intestinal barrier is mainly formed by a monolayer of epithelial cells, which forms a physical barrier to protect the gut tissues from external insults and provides a microenvironment for commensal bacteria to colonize while ensuring immune tolerance. Moreover, various immune cells are known to significantly contribute to intestinal barrier function by either directly interacting with epithelial cells or by producing immune mediators. Fulfilling this function of the gut barrier for mucosal homeostasis requires not only the intrinsic regulation of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) but also constant communication with immune cells and gut microbes. The reciprocal interactions between IECs and immune cells modulate mucosal barrier integrity. Dysregulation of barrier function could lead to dysbiosis, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. In this overview, we provide an update on the characteristics and functions of IECs, and how they integrate their functions with tissue immune cells and gut microbiota to establish gut homeostasis.
High Precision Nail‐Penetration Setup for the Controlled Thermal Runaway Initiation of Lithium‐Ion Cells at Very Low Temperatures
Authors: Böttcher Nils , Dayani Shahabeddin , Markötter Henning , Bau Alexander , Setzchen Max , Schmidt Anita , Kowal Julia , Krug von Nidda Jonas
Published: April 2024

A high precision nail‐penetration (NP) tool for characterizing the mechanically induced thermal‐runaway (TR) of lithium‐ion battery (LIB) cells in a defined range of temperatures down to −140 °C was developed. To understand the cell specific behavior at low temperatures aiming at the determination of safe handling conditions, different scenarios are analyzed. First, accuracy tests of the NP‐tool regarding motion and penetration depth are conducted with cylindrical cells at different temperatures. Thus, postmortem computer tomographic (CT) images are compared to the data measured with the newly integrated 3‐axis force sensor which is further combined with a high‐resolution position sensor. The herein developed setup allows evaluation of the NP‐metrics at an accuracy of ±1 pierced electrode layer without CT‐scans. Further NP examinations at 20 °C of fully charged cylindrical lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide cells reveal a reproducible minimum damage as a reliable TR‐trigger. Moreover, NP‐tests at low temperature disclose a relation of the short circuit conductivity and TR‐reactions during subsequent rethermalization to room temperature. Finally, the implementation of a novel fixture for a controlled very fast cooling of LIB‐cells during critical damage opens the way to investigate the individual steps during a TR and, thus, to gain important information of the specific TR‐mechanism of different LIB‐cells.
Ictal kissing: Review of literature and report of 5 cases
Authors: Ravat Parthvi , Jain Neeraj , Thakkar Mayur , Kalika Mayuri , Ravat Sangeeta
Published: April 2024

Ictal kissing (IK) is a rare type of automatism observed during epileptic seizures. Despite its uncommon occurrence, understanding the underlying mechanisms, the role of emotions, and the level of consciousness during seizures with IK is essential in providing a comprehensive understanding of epilepsy. We describe five cases (.13%) of IK after performing a retrospective analysis of 3794 long‐term, ictal video‐EEGs from an epilepsy monitoring unit in Mumbai, India. Our patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy showed IK had a wide epileptogenic zone. We discuss the current hypotheses on the mechanisms behind IK, the involvement of temporal lobe structures, and the implications of awareness during seizures. The review concludes by suggesting future directions for research to elucidate the complex phenomenon of IK further.
Postoperative cognitive disorders and delirium in gynecologic surgery: Which surgery and anesthetic techniques to use to reduce the risk?
Authors: Pecorella Giovanni , De Rosa Filippo , Licchelli Martina , Panese Gaetano , Carugno Josè Tony , Morciano Andrea , Tinelli Andrea
Published: April 2024

Despite their general good health, an increasing proportion of elderly individuals require surgery due to an increase in average lifespan. However, because of their increased vulnerability, these patients need to be handled carefully to make sure that surgery does not cause more harm than good. Age‐related postoperative cognitive disorders (POCD) and postoperative delirium (POD), two serious consequences that are marked by adverse neuropsychologic alterations after surgery, are particularly dangerous for the elderly. In the context of gynecologic procedures, POCD and POD are examined in this narrative review. The main question is how to limit the rates of POCD and POD in older women undergoing gynecologic procedures by maximizing the risk–benefit balance. Three crucial endpoints are considered: (1) surgical procedures to lower the rates of POCD and POD, (2) anesthetic techniques to lessen the occurrence and (3) the identification of individuals at high risk for post‐surgery cognitive impairments. Risks associated with laparoscopic gynecologic procedures include the Trendelenburg posture and CO2 exposure during pneumoperitoneum, despite statistical similarities in POD and POCD frequency between laparoscopic and laparotomy techniques. Numerous risk factors are associated with surgical interventions, such as blood loss, length of operation, and position holding, all of which reduce the chance of complications when they are minimized. In order to emphasize the essential role that anesthesia and surgery play in patient care, anesthesiologists are vital in making sure that anesthesia is given as sparingly and quickly as feasible. In addition, people who are genetically predisposed to POCD may be more susceptible to the disorder. The significance of a thorough strategy combining surgical and anesthetic concerns is highlighted in this article, in order to maximize results for senior patients having gynecologic surgery.
More than just changeability: Specific factors are used to explain the changeability of personality traits
Authors: Haas Brian W. , VanDellen Michelle R. , Cochran R. Nick
Published: April 2024

Implicit theories and psychological essentialism are valuable frameworks used to model how changeable many traits are perceived to be. These frameworks, however, characterise changeability as a broad and generalised construct and do not fully capture the nuance and specificity involved in personality changeability. We therefore sought to deconstruct implicit theories about changeability into underlying more specific aspects of changeability. We measured how changeable people theorise personality traits to be according to three underlying specific factors: volitional control, context and age. We investigated how specific implicit theories about changeability vary across different personality traits. We show that two personality traits (agreeableness and conscientiousness) are linked to dissociable patterns of specific factors used to explain how changeable they are. These findings yield new insight into the way people explain why personality traits are changeable and demonstrate that different types of reasons are used to explain the changeability of agreeableness and conscientiousness.
Subject matter changes in the dental curriculum: A scoping review of the last two decades
Authors: Rasmussen Emilie Leth , Musaeus Peter
Published: April 2024

Purpose

In recent years, dental education has witnessed significant advancements and curriculum shifts in response to evolving healthcare needs, technological advances, and changing societal demands. As a result, dental universities worldwide have undergone substantial curriculum changes to ensure the adequate education and training of future dental professionals. The purpose of this study was to delineate the curriculum innovations over the past 20 years, with a focus on content within the current dental curriculum at universities worldwide.

Method

The articles reviewed for this manuscript were published from 2000 to June 2023. Search queries were conducted in four databases: Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and ERIC, yielding 367 unique studies. Of these, 31 were included in the final synthesis.

Results

The nine principal subject matter themes identified in the thematic analysis of these articles were critical scientific thinking, computational thinking, global mindset, geriatric dental care, interprofessional teamwork, transition to practice, local community, integration, and lifelong learning. The themes were modeled and mapped in a three‐axis figure, elucidating the interconnections between the themes.

Conclusion

The identified themes signify the trajectory that dental education has taken and provide insights into the future course of the dental profession.
Microscopic investigation and pharmacognostic evaluation of leaves of Anemone rupicola Camb
Authors: Sultan Saba , Hussain Manzoor , Ashfaq Saleha , Ullah Aziz , Shabir Tahira , Khan Naqash , Husna Asma Ul
Published: April 2024

There is almost no scientific literature available on the phytochemistry and pharmacognosy of this plant so the basic aim of the study is to analyze pharmacognostic features of dried leaves of Anemone rupicola Camb. Morphology was studied by using the features like margins, shape, length, width, surface and so forth. For anatomical examination leaves were preserved in formalin acetic alcohol (FAA) and cutting the thin section of leaves and petiole with razor blade. Macroscopic characters of powdered drug were evaluated through organoleptic method. Qualitative phytochemical analysis was done by adopting the standard procedures. The antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract of Anemone rupicola Camb. was performed by Agar well diffusion method. The powder microscopic study showed epidermal cells, trichomes, various type of tracheids, pitted vessels, and sclerenchymatous fibers. Transverse cutting of leaves and petiole revealed the presence of different cells such as epidermis, palisade parenchyma, spongy parenchyma cells, aerenchyma, collenchyma, trichomes, and vascular bundles. The investigation of phytochemicals in distilled water, methanol and in ethanol solvent indicated the presence of various secondary compounds such as phenols, saponins, glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, coumarins, and flavonoids. The methanolic extract of Anemone rupicola Camb. has potential as an antimicrobial agent. However, further studies are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety. This study can be used as powerful tool for the identification and authentication of this plant. For the purity and quality control these results will be helpful tool. This will also shed light into new areas where researchers can intervene in developing new drugs for future use.

Research Highlights

Morphological Features of the Anemone rupicola

Anatomical examination of leaves of Anemeone rupicola

Microscopic features of powdered drug of leaves of Anemone rupicola

Qualitative Phytochemical analysis of the leaves of Anemone rupicola
Human transmission and outbreaks of feline‐like G6 rotavirus revealed with whole‐genome analysis of G6P[9] feline rotavirus
Authors: Fukuda Yuya , Kusuhara Hajime , Takai‐Todaka Reiko , Haga Kei , Katayama Kazuhiko , Tsugawa Takeshi
Published: April 2024

Group A rotaviruses (RVAs) are generally highly species‐specific; however, some strains infect across species. Feline RVAs sporadically infect humans, causing gastroenteritis. In 2012 and 2013, rectal swab samples were collected from 61 asymptomatic shelter cats at a public health center in Mie Prefecture, Japan, to investigate the presence of RVA and any association with human infections. The analysis identified G6P[9] strains in three cats and G3P[9] strains in two cats, although no feline RVA sequence data were available for the former. A whole‐genome analysis of these G6P[9] strains identified the genotype constellation G6‐P[9]‐I2‐R2‐C2‐M2‐A3‐N2‐T3‐E3‐H3. The nucleotide identity among these G6P[9] strains exceeded 99.5% across all 11 gene segments, indicating the circulation of this G6P[9] strain among cats. Notably, strain RVA/Human‐wt/JPN/KF17/2010/G6P[9], previously detected in a 3‐year‐old child with gastroenteritis, shares high nucleotide identity (>98%) with Mie20120017f, the representative G6P[9] strain in this study, across all 11 gene segments, confirming feline RVA infection and symptomatic presentation in this child. The VP7 gene of strain Mie20120017f also shares high nucleotide identity with other sporadically reported G6 RVA strains in humans. This suggests that feline‐origin G6 strains as the probable source of these sporadic G6 RVA strains causing gastroenteritis in humans globally. Moreover, a feline‐like human G6P[8] strain circulating in Brazil in 2022 was identified, emphasizing the importance of ongoing surveillance to monitor potential global human outbreaks of RVA.
DC‐bias and temperature included CSWPL model for RF power transistors
Authors: Liu Enduo , Tang Xiaoqiang , Crupi Giovanni , Cai Jialin
Published: April 2024

A novel frequency domain behavioral modeling method for gallium‐nitride (GaN) devices is presented in this article. By utilizing a multi‐dimensional polynomial function, the proposed technique interpolates DC‐bias voltage and temperature based on the Canonical section‐wise piecewise linear (CSWPL) model framework. A detailed description of the model's theory is provided. With data from 10‐W GaN devices, the model was implemented in commercial software and validated through both DC and radio frequency (RF) tests. A robust predictive ability is demonstrated by the obtained results, thus proving the accuracy of the developed modeling method. This model is superior to the standard CSWPL model in that it is capable of predicting transistor behavior at different bias voltages and temperatures using a single set of parameters, thereby greatly reducing the complexity of the model and the time required for extraction.
Pepper vein yellow virus P0 protein triggers NbHERC3, NbBax, and NbCRR mediated hypersensitive response
Authors: OuYang Xian , Wang Lishuang , Luo Xiangwen , Li Chun , An Xingyu , Yao Ling , Huang Wei , Zhang Zhanhong , Zhang Songbai , Liu Yong , Wu Shiping
Published: April 2024

P0 proteins encoded by the pepper vein yellow virus (PeVYV) are pathogenic factors that cause hypersensitive response (HR). However, the host gene expression related to PeVYV P0‐induced HR has not been thoroughly studied. Transcriptomic technology was used to investigate the host pathways mediated by the PeVYV P0 protein to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying its function. We found 12,638 differentially expressed genes (DEGs); 6784 and 5854 genes were significantly upregulated and downregulated, respectively. Transcriptomic and reverse‐transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) analyses revealed that salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) synthesis‐related gene expression was upregulated, and ethylene synthesis‐related gene expression was downregulated. Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify SA and JA concentrations in Nicotiana benthamiana, and the P0 protein induced SA and JA biosynthesis. We then hypothesized that the pathogenic activity of the P0 protein might be owing to proteins related to host hormones in the SA and JA pathways, modulating host resistance at different times. Viral gene silencing suppression technology was used in N. benthamiana to characterize candidate proteins, and downregulating NbHERC3 (Homologous to E6‐AP carboxy‐terminus domain and regulator of choromosome condensation‐1 dmain protein 3) accelerated cell necrosis in the host. The downregulation of NbCRR reduced cell death, while that of NbBax induced necrosis and curled heart leaves. Our findings indicate that NbHERC3, NbBax, and NbCRR are involved in P0 protein‐driven cell necrosis.
Bone‐patellar tendon‐bone autograft is associated with a higher rate of return to preinjury levels of performance in high‐level athletes than anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using hamstring autograft
Authors: Tomihara Tomohiro , Hashimoto Yusuke , Okazaki Shiro , Nishino Kazuya , Taniuchi Masatoshi , Takigami Junsei , Tsumoto Shuko , Katsuda Hiroshi
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Return to preinjury levels of performance (RTP) is the main goal after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL‐R) for athletes when ACL graft rupture is a career‐threatening event. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the associated factors for RTP and subsequent ACL injury after ACL‐R using bone‐patellar tendon‐bone (BPTB) or hamstring (HT) autograft in high‐level athletes with a minimum postoperative follow‐up of 24 months.

Methods

This retrospective study included 157 patients who had preinjury Tegner activity level of 9 and underwent primary ACL‐R using BPTB (average age, 16.9 years; 35 males and 36 females) or HT (average age, 17.2 years; 49 males and 37 females). The mean follow‐ups were 33.6 months in BPTB and 44.5 months in HT, respectively. The data were obtained based on routine clinical follow‐ups and telephone interviews performed by the surgeon. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the association of patient variables with RTP and subsequent ACL injury.

Results

Ninety‐nine patients (63.1%) were able to RTP. The rate of RTP in BPTB (74.6%) was significantly higher than that of HT (53.5%) (p < 0.05). The overall average timing of RTP after ACL‐R was 10.0 months while that was significantly earlier in BPTB (9.7 months) than in HT (10.5 months) (p < 0.05). Twenty‐three (14.6%) and 21 patients (13.4%) had ACL graft ruptures and ACL injuries in the contralateral knees, respectively. Multivariate analyses showed that BPTB (odds ratio [OR], 2.590; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.300–5.160; p = 0.007) was associated with a higher potential for RTP after ACL‐R. The incidence of ACL graft rupture after ACL‐R decreased with BPTB (OR, 0.861; 95% CI, 0.770–0.962; p = 0.009).

Conclusions

The use of BPTB autograft was associated with a higher rate of RTP and a lower incidence of ACL graft rupture compared to ACL‐R using HT autograft.

Level of Evidence

Level IV, retrospective case series.
Population‐based study of environmental heavy metal exposure and hearing loss: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Fang , Böhnke Frank , Böck Katja , Wirth Markus
Published: April 2024

Background and Objectives

Previous studies have shown an association between environmental exposure to heavy metals and hearing loss. However, the findings regarding the relationship between exposure to different metals and hearing loss development are inconsistent. To address this, we conducted a meta‐analysis to explore the link between common heavy metal exposures and hearing loss. This study examined the effects of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) pollution on hearing loss at various levels, and systematically reviewed the literature on manganese (Mn), barium (Ba), arsenic (As), and hearing loss.

Methods

We conducted systematic searches in five major databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. In addition, we searched three Chinese digital libraries: CNKI, Wanfang Data, and Wipu. From an initial pool of 649 articles, we carefully screened and selected 15 articles for further analysis. The effect sizes from these selected studies were synthesized through a meta‐analysis to calculate the overall effect size.

Results

Our findings showed that: (1) There was a significant association between Pb and Cd exposure and hearing loss; (2) There is a proportional relationship between the increase of metal index detected in blood and hearing loss; (3) In the PTA measurement of hearing loss at different frequencies, the 4 kHz high frequency range had a stronger correlation with hearing loss than the low frequency, with OR 1.44 (1.22, 1.71); and (4) There was a more significant correlation between Barium (Ba) levels in nails and hair than in urine.

Conclusions

The study presented evidence of a significant association between human hearing loss and exposure to lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). It not only revealed a positive correlation between blood heavy metal concentrations and the incidence of hearing loss but also highlighted that long‐term exposure indicators of heavy metals were more indicative of the correlation with hearing loss. Lastly, the study recommends utilizing high frequency 4 kHz for the effective assessment and diagnosis of hearing loss caused by exposure to heavy metals.
Production and carbon emission reduction decisions of remanufacturing firms with low‐carbon credit financing under uncertain demand
Authors: Chen Weida , Chen Zhouhao
Published: April 2024

This paper investigates the optimal production and carbon reduction strategy for a capital‐constrained remanufacturing firm considering demand uncertainty. The remanufacturing firm can accept low‐carbon credit financing. We construct optimization models with no financing and low‐carbon credit financing and analyze the impacts of capital, carbon emission caps, and other factors on the remanufacturer's decision and profit. The results show that (i) the output of remanufactured products and overall profit are higher when using low‐carbon credit financing, regardless of strict carbon emission conditions; (ii) low‐carbon credit can help remanufacturers withstand the impact of carbon price fluctuations; (iii) the demand uncertainty of new and remanufactured products has opposite effects on carbon emission reduction investment; (iv) increasing the carbon cap can enhance the remanufacturing level while a high carbon cap reduce incentives to remanufacture.
Social dance and movement for mental health: A narrative review
Authors: Delattre Brennan , Applewhite Briana , Buckman Joshua E. J. , Harmer Catherine J. , Murphy Susannah E.
Published: April 2024

Across the fields of psychology, neuroscience, and psychiatry, dance—broadly and heterogeneously defined across cultures and movement styles—has been investigated for a range of potential benefits in healthy and clinical populations. There is a growing body of literature investigating the potential for dance, and in particular social forms of dance, to have a positive impact on mental health and well‐being. Given widespread availability through community providers, social dance and movement could be an accessible, non‐invasive, and affordable approach to the prevention and treatment of mood disorders, including depression. However, the existing literature is heterogenous, and there is a lack of methodological cohesiveness and systematization in the field of dance for mental health research. In this narrative review, we propose a novel classification system for social dance mental health research, which encompasses solo dance, partner dance, group dance, dance movement therapy, and cooperative movement. We review the existing literature examining the effects of social dance and movement in the context of low mood and depression and identify future research directions for building a solid evidence base for the application of social dance and movement in the prevention and treatment of mood disorders.
Anisotropy of T2 and T1ρ relaxation time in articular cartilage at 3 T
Authors: Kantola Ville , Karjalainen Jouni , Jaakola Tomi , Leskinen Henri P. P. , Nissi Mikko J. , Casula Victor , Nieminen Miika T.
Published: April 2024

Purpose

The anisotropy of R2 and R1ρ relaxation rates in articular cartilage contains information about the collagenous structure of the tissue. Here we determine and study the anisotropic and isotropic components of T2 and T1ρ relaxation parameters in articular cartilage with a clinical 3T MRI device. Furthermore, a visual representation of the topographical variation in anisotropy is given via anisotropy mapping.

Methods

Eight bovine stifle joints were imaged at 22 orientations with respect to the main magnetic field using T2, continuous‐wave (CW) T1ρ, and adiabatic T1ρ mapping sequences. Relaxation rates were separated into isotropic and anisotropic relaxation components using a previously established relaxation anisotropy model. Pixel‐wise anisotropy values were determined from the relaxation‐time maps using Michelson contrast.

Results

The relaxation rates obtained from the samples displayed notable variation depending on the sample orientation, magnetization preparation, and cartilage layer. R2 demonstrated significant anisotropy, whereas CW‐R1ρ (300 Hz) and CW‐R1ρ (500 Hz) displayed a low degree of anisotropy. Adiabatic R1ρ was largely isotropic. In the deep cartilage regions, relaxation rates were generally faster and more anisotropic than in the cartilage closer to the tissue surface. The isotropic relaxation rate components were found to have similar values regardless of measurement sequence.

Conclusions

The fitted relaxation model for T2 and T1ρ demonstrated varying amounts anisotropy, depending on magnetization preparation, and studied the articular cartilage layer. Anisotropy mapping of full joints showed varying amounts of anisotropy depending on the quantitative MRI parameter and topographical location, and in the case of T2, showed systematic changes in anisotropy across cartilage depth.
Feasibility of virtual reality and comparison of its effectiveness to biofeedback in children with Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies
Authors: Kurt‐Aydin Merve , Savaş‐Kalender Dilan , Tarsuslu Tülay , Yis Uluç
Published: April 2024

Introduction/Aims

The utilization of virtual reality (VR) and biofeedback training, while effective in diverse populations, remains limited in the treatment of Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies (D/BMD). This study aimed to determine the feasibility of VR in children with D/BMD and compare the effectiveness of VR and biofeedback in children with D/BMD.

Methods

The study included 25 children with D/BMD. Eight children in the control group participated in a routine follow‐up rehabilitation program, while the remaining children were randomly assigned to the VR (n = 9) and biofeedback (n = 8) groups for a 12‐week intervention. The following evaluations were performed before, during (week 6), and after treatment: Muscle pain and cramps, laboratory studies, muscle strength, timed performance, function (Motor Function Measurement Scale‐32, Vignos, and Brooke Scales), and balance (Pediatric Functional Reach Test and Balance Master System). Motivation for rehabilitation was determined.

Results

The median ages were 9.00 (VR), 8.75 (biofeedback), and 7.00 (control) years. The study found no significant differences between groups in pretreatment assessments for most measures, except for tandem step width (p < .05). VR and biofeedback interventions significantly improved various aspects (pain intensity, cramp frequency, cramp severity, muscle strength, timed performance, functional level, and balance) in children with D/BMD (p < .05), while the conventional rehabilitation program maintained patients' current status without any changes. The study found VR and biofeedback equally effective, with VR maintaining children's motivation for rehabilitation longer (p < .05).

Discussion

The study showed that both VR and biofeedback appear to be effective for rehabilitation this population, but additional, larger studies are needed.
Study on impact properties of carbon/kevlar fiber hybrid composites
Authors: You Geyi , Gao Yan , Gao Xiaoping , Chen Jiawei , Du Peijian , Gao Mingze , Chen Miao
Published: April 2024

In this article, carbon/kevlar hybrid composites were prepared using Vacuum Assisted Resin Infusion (VARI). The sandwich structure with plain carbon weave fabric as the core layer and plain kevlar weave fabric as the surface layer was selected as reinforcement and the solution of epoxy resin and curing agent was selected as matrix. The low velocity impact experiment and compression after impact (CAI) experiment were carried out on the samples at different hybrid ratio and different temperatures, and the mechanical response on the impact loads were analyzed respectively. The results show that the specimen can limit the delamination defect expansion of the surface kevlar fiber as the carbon fiber used as the core layer, which reduce the delamination defect area and improve the impact resistance of the sample. The toughness of the sample improves the brittle failure mode, that is, the sample still has a certain bearing capacity after the load exceeds the maximum strength, the sandwiched composites presents a positive hybrid effect. With the increase of temperature, the matrix was obviously softened, the macromolecular movement in the system was intensified, the three‐dimensional network macromolecular structure of the matrix and the fiber/matrix interface properties were damaged, and the mechanical properties showed an obvious downward trend. As far as the influences of hybrid ratio and temperature on impact behavior of composite are concerned, it lay a theoretical foundation for the industrial application of carbon/kevlar hybrid composites.

Highlights

The sandwiched structure was used to design the composites, which greatly improves the impact properties of the specimens.

The impact properties and compression after impact properties at different hybrid ratios and different temperatures were studied.

Based on the hybrid effect and temperature effect, the impact failure mechanism of the sample was analyzed.
Study on bulletproof performance of functionalized fabrics modified by microcapsules
Authors: Li Runhan , Yan Ke , Wang Tao , Wu Hao , Chen Hao , Qian Xinming , Yuan Mengqi , Qi Shaobo
Published: April 2024

The incorporation of microcapsule particles (MPs) into fabrics offers the potential to enhance both the friction between fabric yarns and the bulletproof impact performance. In this study, MPs were prepared using the interfacial polymerization method. Furthermore, an innovative modification of the AF fabric was achieved by introducing a silane coupling agent and MPs. This resulted in the development of a microcapsules‐aramid fibers (MPs‐AF) composite material exhibiting excellent protective performance. The characterization experiment demonstrated the successful adhesion of MPs to the AF fabric, forming a robust bond between the fiber and the particles. Importantly, the modification process did not have any adverse effects on the fiber structure. The study further investigated the ballistic performance and protection mechanism of the modified fabrics through mechanical performance tests and ballistic impact tests. The yarn pull‐out experiment revealed that the MPs‐AF composite material exhibited a significant increase in pull‐out force, with a remarkable improvement of 175.6% compared to AF fabric. In the ballistic impact experiments, the MPs‐AF composite material demonstrated a substantial increase in ballistic limit velocity, rising from 52 to 118 m/s when compared to the AF fabric. These findings highlight the potential application of the MPs‐AF composite material in the field of wearable protection.

Highlights

Fiber surface modification grafting reaction.

A simple and novel solution impregnation method was used to prepare modified AF.

Preparation of microcapsule particles by interfacial polymerization.

Green new fiber bulletproof material.

Chemical grafting produces strong chemical bonds to increase interfacial resistance.
Resistance‐type strain sensor based on carbon nanofiber/polypyrrole composite membrane with high sensitivity
Authors: Zhang Zeyu , Li Ziheng , Zhang Mingxue , Hao Hongshun , Yan Shuang
Published: April 2024

Carbon nanofibers have been widely studied as one of the promising materials for fabricating flexible electronic strain sensors. Surface modification of carbon nanofibers by conducting polymers is a simple yet effective approach to constructing strain sensors with good conductivity and sensitivity. In this work, composite nanofiber membranes composed of carbon nanofiber and conducting polymer are developed via in situ polymerization of pyrrole, aniline, and thiophene respectively on the surface of the carbon nanofiber which serves as a substrate. Different composite membranes, CNF@PANI, CNF/Ppy, and CNF@PTh, are successfully manufactured. The conducting polymer‐carbon nanofiber composite membranes exhibit improved conductivity as well as response sensitivity compared to pristine carbon nanofiber membranes. Among different composite membranes being studied, CNF/Ppy demonstrates the highest strain‐sensing performance. It shows good sensitivity, reproducibility, and stability in detecting both subtle (strain = 0.1%) and large (strain = 25%) deformation. The excellent strain‐sensing performance of CNF/Ppy endows the composite membrane with great potential for applications in wearable electronics.

Highlights

Adding PANI, Ppy, and PTh could improve the conductivity of the CNF sensor.

Ppy doping has a good effect on the performance of the CNF strain sensor.

CNF/Ppy strain sensor has high sensitivity, stability, and durability.

CNF/Ppy sensors can detect deformation caused by human movement.

CP‐CNF composite material has good flexibility and mechanical properties.
Validating claims‐based definitions for deprescribing: Bridging the gap between clinical and administrative data
Authors: Niznik Joshua D. , Shmuel Shahar , Pate Virginia , Thorpe Carolyn T. , Hanson Laura C. , Rice Colleen , Lund Jennifer L.
Published: April 2024

Background

Limited research has evaluated the validity of claims‐based definitions for deprescribing.

Objectives

Evaluate the validity of claims‐based definitions of deprescribing against electronic health records (EHRs) for deprescribing of benzodiazepines (BZDs) after a fall‐related hospitalization.

Methods

We used a novel data linkage between Medicare fee‐for‐service (FFS) and Part D with our health system's EHR. We identified patients aged ≥66 years with a fall‐related hospitalization, continuous enrollment in Medicare FFS and Part D for 6 months pre‐ and post‐hospitalization, and ≥2 BZD fills in the 6 months pre‐hospitalization. Using a standardized EHR abstraction tool, we adjudicated deprescribing for a sub‐sample with a fall‐related hospitalization at UNC. We evaluated the validity of claims‐based deprescribing definitions (e.g., gaps in supply, dosage reductions) versus chart review using sensitivity and specificity.

Results

Among 257 patients in the overall sample, 44% were aged 66–74 years, 35% had Medicare low‐income subsidy, 79% were female. Among claims‐based definitions using gaps in supply, the prevalence of BZD deprescribing ranged from 8.2% (no refills) to 36.6% (30‐day gap). When incorporating dosage, the prevalence ranged from 55.3% to 65.8%. Among the validation sub‐sample (n = 47), approximately one‐third had BZDs deprescribed in the EHR. Compared to EHR, gaps in supply from claims had good sensitivity, but poor specificity. Incorporating dosage increased sensitivity, but worsened specificity.

Conclusions

The sensitivity of claims‐based definitions for deprescribing of BZDs was low; however, the specificity of a 90‐day gap was >90%. Replication in other EHRs and for other low‐value medications is needed to guide future deprescribing research.
Practices and perspectives on advanced diagnostic and interventional bronchoscopy among pediatric pulmonologists in the United States
Authors: Corcoran A. , Shore D. , Boesch R. P. , Chopra M. , Das S. , DiBardino D. , Goldfarb S. , Haas A. , Hysinger E. , Phinizy P. , Vicencio A. , Toth J. , Piccione J.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Advanced diagnostic bronchoscopy includes endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) guided transbronchial lung and lymph node biopsies, CT navigation and robotic bronchoscopy. Interventional bronchoscopy refers to procedures performed for therapeutic purposes such as balloon dilation of the airway, tissue debulking, cryotherapy, removal of foreign bodies and insertion of endobronchial valves [1]. For adult patients, these procedures are standard of care [2, 3]. Despite a lack of formalized training, there are numerous case reports and case series describing the use of advanced diagnostic and interventional bronchoscopy techniques in children. The safety and feasibility of EBUS‐TBNA, cryotherapy techniques, endobronchial valves among other techniques have been demonstrated in these publications [1, 4‐9].

Methods

We sought to better understand the current practices and perspectives on interventional and advanced bronchoscopy among pediatric pulmonologists through surveys sent to pediatric teaching hospitals across the United States.

Results

We received 43 responses representing 28 programs from 25 states. The highest bronchoscopy procedure volume occurred in the 0‐5 years age group. Among our respondents, 31% self‐identified as a pediatric interventional/advanced bronchoscopist. 79% believe that advanced and interventional training is feasible in pediatric pulmonology and 77% believe it should be offered to pediatric pulmonary fellows.

Discussion

This is the first study to characterize current practices and perspectives regarding advanced diagnostic and interventional bronchoscopy procedures among pediatric pulmonologists in the United States. Pediatric interventional pulmonology (IP) is in its infancy and its beginnings echo those of the adult IP where only certain centers were performing these procedures.