bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Two-Level Additive Schwarz Preconditioning Algorithm for the Weak Galerkin Method for the Second-Order Elliptic Equation
Authors: Qin Fangfang , Zha Min , Wang Feng
Published: March 2016

This paper proposes a two-level additive Schwarz preconditioning algorithm for the weak Galerkin approximation of the second-order elliptic equation. In the algorithm, aP1conforming finite element space is defined on the coarse mesh, and a stable intergrid transfer operator is proposed to exchange the information between the spaces on the coarse mesh and the fine mesh. With the framework of the Schwarz method, it is proved that the condition number of the preconditioned system only depends on the rate of the coarse mesh size and the overlapping size. Some numerical experiments are carried out to verify the theoretical results.
A Rapid In-Clinic Test Detects Acute Leptospirosis in Dogs with High Sensitivity and Specificity
Authors: Kodjo Angeli , Calleja Christophe , Loenser Michael , Lin Dan , Lizer Joshua
Published: March 2016

A rapid IgM-detection immunochromatographic test (WITNESS® Lepto, Zoetis) has recently become available to identify acute canine leptospirosis at the point of care. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the test were evaluated by comparison with the microscopic agglutination assay (MAT), using a positive cut-off titer of ≥800. Banked serum samples from dogs exhibiting clinical signs and suspected leptospirosis were selected to form three groups based on MAT titer: (1) positive (n=50); (2) borderline (n=35); and (3) negative (n=50). Using an analysis to weight group sizes to reflect French prevalence, the sensitivity and specificity were 98% and 93.5% (88.2% unweighted), respectively. This test rapidly identifies cases of acute canine leptospirosis with high levels of sensitivity and specificity with no interference from previous vaccination.
Decoction and Fermentation of Selected Medicinal Herbs Promote Hair Regrowth by Inducing Hair Follicle Growth in Conjunction with Wnts Signaling
Authors: Jang Su Kil , Kim Seung Tae , Lee Do Ik , Park Jun Sub , Jo Bo Ram , Park Jung Youl , Heo Jong , Joo Seong Soo
Published: March 2016

It is well recognized that regulating the hair follicle cycle in association with Wnt signaling is one of the most interesting targets for promoting hair regrowth. In this study, we examined whether selected herbal medicines processed by decoction and fermentation promote hair growth by upregulating the number and size of hair follicles and Wnt signaling, including activation of β‐catenin and Akt in telogen‐synchronized C57BL/6N mice. The results revealed that the fermented extract after decoction (FDE) more effectively promoted hair growth than that of a nonfermented extract (DE). Notably, FDE effectively enhanced formation of hair follicles with clearer differentiation between the inner and outer root sheath, which is observed during the anagen phase. Mechanistic evidence was found for increased β‐catenin and Akt phosphorylation levels in dorsal skin tissue along with elevated expression of hair regrowth‐related genes, such as Wnt3/10a/10b, Lef1, and fibroblast growth factor 7. In conclusion, our findings suggest that FDE plays an important role in regulating the hair cycle by increasing expression of hair regrowth‐related genes and activating downstream Wnt signaling targets.
Solar Radiation Received by Slopes Using COMS Imagery, a Physically Based Radiation Model, and GLOBE
Authors: Yeom Jong-Min , Seo You-Kyung , Kim Dong-Su , Han Kyung-Soo
Published: March 2016

This study mapped the solar radiation received by slopes for all of Korea, including areas that are not measured by ground station measurements, through using satellites and topographical data. When estimating insolation with satellite, we used a physical model to measure the amount of hourly based solar surface insolation. Furthermore, we also considered the effects of topography using the Global Land One-Kilometer Base Elevation (GLOBE) digital elevation model (DEM) for the actual amount of incident solar radiation according to solar geometry. The surface insolation mapping, by integrating a physical model with the Communication, Ocean, and Meteorological Satellite (COMS) Meteorological Imager (MI) image, was performed through a comparative analysis with ground-based observation data (pyranometer). Original and topographically corrected solar radiation maps were created and their characteristics analyzed. Both the original and the topographically corrected solar energy resource maps captured the temporal variations in atmospheric conditions, such as the movement of seasonal rain fronts during summer. In contrast, although the original solar radiation map had a low insolation value over mountain areas with a high rate of cloudiness, the topographically corrected solar radiation map provided a better description of the actual surface geometric characteristics.
Characterization of Various Plant-Produced Asphalt Concrete Mixtures Using Dynamic Modulus Test
Authors: Irfan Muhammad , Waraich Asad S. , Ahmed Sarfraz , Ali Yasir
Published: March 2016

This research characterizes the performance of various plant-produced asphalt concrete mixtures by dynamic modulus|E∗|test using asphalt mixture performance tester (AMPT). Marshall designed specimens of seven different mixtures were prepared using the Superpave gyratory compactor and subjected to sinusoidal compressive loading at various temperatures (4.4 to 54.4°C) and loading frequencies (0.1 to 25 Hz). A catalog of default dynamic modulus values for typical asphalt concrete mixtures of Pakistan was established by developing stress-dependent master curves separately, for wearing and base course mixtures. The sensitivity of temperature and loading frequency on determination of dynamic modulus value was observed by typical isothermal and isochronal curves, respectively. Also, the effects of various variables on dynamic modulus were investigated using statistical technique of two-level factorial design of experiment. Furthermore, two dynamic modulus prediction models, namely, Witczak and Hirsch, were evaluated for their regional applicability. Results indicated that both the Witczak and Hirsch models mostly underpredict the value of dynamic modulus for the selected conditions/mixtures. The findings of this study are envisaged to facilitate the implementation of relatively new performance based mechanistic-empirical structural design and analysis approach.
Long-Term Outcomes of External Dacryocystorhinostomy in the Age of Transcanalicular Microendoscopic Techniques
Authors: Alnawaiseh M. , Mihailovic N. , Wieneke A. C. , Prokosch V. , Rosentreter A. , Merté R. L. , Eter N.
Published: March 2016

Purpose.This study aimed to evaluate long-term results of external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) at a tertiary eye care center specializing in lacrimal duct surgery in Germany.Methods.The medical records of 1010 patients with acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO), who had undergone lacrimal duct surgery at a tertiary eye care center, were reviewed. Only adult patients who had undergone external DCR were included. The evaluation included the following parameters: age, gender, duration of symptoms, patient satisfaction, previous dacryocystitis, complication rates, and surgical outcome.Results.154 eyes of 146 patients (14.5%) could be included in the study. The average age was64.1±29.7years. 66.4% of patients were females and 33.6% were males. Acute or chronic dacryocystitis was found in 81 patients (55.5%). Overall, 82.8% of patients had full resolution of symptoms. The success rate of external DCR for patients with previous episodes of dacryocystitis was 82.7% compared to 83.4% for patients without dacryocystitis in their medical history.Conclusion.In cases in which transcanalicular microendoscopic techniques are contraindicated (e.g., after dacryocystitis) or in complex cases where microendoscopic procedures have failed (revision surgery), external DCR is still the surgical treatment of choice with very good postoperative success.
The Effect of Injection Timings on Performance and Emissions of Compressed Natural-Gas Direct Injection Engine
Authors: Aljamali Saad , Abdullah Shahrir , Wan Mahmood Wan Moh Faizal , Ali Yusoff
Published: March 2016

This experimental part investigates the effect of injection timing on performance and emissions of homogenous mixture compressed natural-gas direct injection. The engine of 1.6 L capacity, 4 cylinders, spark ignition, and compression ratio of 14 was used. Performance and emission were recorded under wide-open throttle using an engine control system (Rotronics) and the portable exhaust gas analyser (Kane). The engine was tested at speed ranging from 1500 revolutions per minute (RPM) to 4000 RPM with 500 RPM increments. The engine control unit (ECU) was modified using Motec 800. The injection timings investigated were at the end of injection (EOI) 120 bTDC, 180 bTDC, 300 bTDC, and 360 bTDC. Results show high brake power, torque, and BMEP with 120 as compared with the other injection timings. At 4000 RPM the power, torque, and BMEP with 120 were 5% compared to that with 180. Furthermore, it shows low BSFC and high fuel conversion efficiency with 120. With 360, the engine produced less CO and CO2at higher speeds.
Darwinian Dynamics of Intratumoral Heterogeneity: Not Solely Random Mutations but Also Variable Environmental Selection Forces
Authors: Lloyd Mark C. , Cunningham Jessica J. , Bui Marilyn M. , Gillies Robert J. , Brown Joel S. , Gatenby Robert A.
Published: March 2016

Spatial heterogeneity in tumors is generally thought to result from branching clonal evolution driven by random mutations that accumulate during tumor development. However, this concept rests on the implicit assumption that cancer cells never evolve to a fitness maximum because they can always acquire mutations that increase proliferative capacity. In this study, we investigated the validity of this assumption. Using evolutionary game theory, we demonstrate that local cancer cell populations will rapidly converge to the fittest phenotype given a stable environment. In such settings, cellular spatial heterogeneity in a tumor will be largely governed by regional variations in environmental conditions, for example, alterations in blood flow. Model simulations specifically predict a common spatial pattern in which cancer cells at the tumor–host interface exhibit invasion-promoting, rapidly proliferating phenotypic properties, whereas cells in the tumor core maximize their population density by promoting supportive tissue infrastructures, for example, to promote angiogenesis. We tested model predictions through detailed quantitative image analysis of phenotypic spatial distribution in histologic sections of 10 patients with stage 2 invasive breast cancers. CAIX, GLUT1, and Ki67 were upregulated in the tumor edge, consistent with an acid-producing invasive, proliferative phenotype. Cells in the tumor core were 20% denser than the edge, exhibiting upregulation of CAXII, HIF-1Î±, and cleaved caspase-3, consistent with a more static and less proliferative phenotype. Similarly, vascularity was consistently lower in the tumor center compared with the tumor edges. Lymphocytic immune responses to tumor antigens also trended to higher level in the tumor edge, although this effect did not reach statistical significance. Like invasive species in nature, cancer cells at the leading edge of the tumor possess a different phenotype from cells in the tumor core. Our results suggest that at least some of the molecular heterogeneity in cancer cells in tumors is governed by predictable regional variations in environmental selection forces, arguing against the assumption that cancer cells can evolve toward a local fitness maximum by random accumulation of mutations. Cancer Res; 76(11); 3136–44. ©2016 AACR.
Genetically Engineered Multivalent Proteins for Targeted Immunotherapy
Authors: Talmadge James E.
Published: March 2016

mAbs initiated the unprecedented breakthroughs in cancer immunotherapy and are rapidly evolving with multiple therapeutic platforms. One next-generation strategy engineers multivalent proteins that ligate single-chain variable fragments targeting cellular effectors, tumor-associated antigens, and cytokines. These developing therapeutics target and regulate cellular effector bioactivity and significantly improve clinical outcomes. Clin Cancer Res; 22(14); 3419–21. ©2016 AACR.

See related article by Vallera et al., p. 3440
Human Neural Stem Cells Overexpressing a Carboxylesterase Inhibit Bladder Tumor Growth
Authors: Choi Sung S. , Chi Byung Hoon , Chang In Ho , Kim Kyung Do , Lee Sang-Rae , Kim Seung U. , Lee Hong J.
Published: March 2016

Bladder cancer is a significant clinical and economic problem. Despite intravesical chemotherapy and immunotherapy, up to 80% of patients with non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer develop recurrent tumors, of which 20% to 30% evolve into more aggressive, potentially lethal tumors. Recently, bladder cancer cells are considered to be mediators of resistance to current therapies and therefore represent strong candidates as biologic targets. No effective chemotherapy has yet been developed for advanced bladder cancer. It is desirable that a drug can be delivered directly and specifically to bladder cancer cells. Stem cells have selective migration ability toward cancer cells, and therapeutic genes can be easily transduced into stem cells. In suicide gene therapy for cancer, stem cells carry a gene encoding a carboxylesterase (CE) enzyme that transforms an inert CPT-11 prodrug into a toxic SN-38 product, a topoisomerase 1 inhibitor. In immunodeficient mice, systemically transplanted HB1.F3.CE stem cells migrated toward the tumor implanted by the TCCSUP bladder cancer cell line, and, in combination with CPT-11, the volume of tumors was significantly reduced. These findings may contribute to the development of a new selective chemotherapeutic strategy against bladder cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(6); 1201–7. ©2016 AACR.
Prohedonic Effect of Cannabidiol in a Rat Model of Depression
Authors: Shoval Gal , Shbiro Liat , Hershkovitz Liron , Hazut Noa , Zalsman Gil , Mechoulam Raphael , Weller Aron
Published: March 2016

Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that cannabidiol (CBD) may be an effective and safe anxiolytic agent and potentially also an antidepressant. Aim: The objective of this study was to further examine these properties of CBD using the ‘depressive-like' Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat, focusing on the drug's effect on anhedonia-like behaviors. Methods: Forty-eight WKY and 48 control Wistar adult male rats were pretreated orally with CBD (15, 30 and 45 mg/kg) or vehicle. The saccharin preference test (SPT), the elevated plus maze (EPM) test and the novel object exploration (NOE) test were used. Results: CBD showed a prohedonic effect on the WKY rats at 30 mg/kg in the SPT. In the NOE, CBD increased exploration of the novel object and locomotion at 45 mg/kg and increased locomotion at 15 mg/kg, indicating an improvement in the characteristically low motivation of WKY rats to explore. There was no similar effect at any dose in the EPM or in open-field behavior in the habituation to the NOE. Conclusions: These findings extend the limited knowledge on the antidepressant effect of CBD, now shown for the first time in a genetic animal model of depression. These results suggest that CBD may be beneficial for the treatment of clinical depression and other states with prominent anhedonia.
Influence of Host and Viral Factors on Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 6 Treated with Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Thong Vo Duy , Poovorawan Kittiyod , Tangkijvanich Pisit , Wasitthankasem Rujipat , Vongpunsawad Sompong , Poovorawan Yong
Published: March 2016

Objectives: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the influence of host and viral factors on the sustained virologic response (SVR) in hepatitis C virus genotype 6 (HCV-6) patients treated with pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin (RBV). Methods: Data were retrieved from Medline, Embase, PubMed and the Cochrane Library for ‘genotype 6' studies published up to December 2014 and for abstracts from international scientific meetings. Inclusion criteria were efficacy of PEG-IFN+RBV based on SVR, 24- or 48-week therapy and treatment-naïve patients. Patients with hepatitis B, D and E and HIV coinfection or another concurrent liver disease were excluded. Pooled standard difference, odds ratio and confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effect model with STATA 11. Results: Fourteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled SVR rate was 80% (95% CI: 0.78-0.83, p < 0.0001; I2 = 71.2%). SVR of the PEG-IFN+RBV-treated HCV-6 patients was markedly higher than that of HCV-1 patients (80.1 vs. 55.3%). The SVR rate was significantly higher for the 48- than the 24-week treatment, but not different among HCV-infected patients with rs12979860 and ss469415590 polymorphisms of the ILFN4 gene (80.6% CC vs. 66.7% non-CC, p = 0.593; 81.1% TT/TT vs. 60% non-TT/TT, p = 0.288). Gender and type of PEG-IFN did not affect SVR rates. Conclusions: Treatment outcomes for HCV-6 patients are superior to those for HCV-1 patients and comparable to those of HCV-2 and HCV-3 patients, especially at 48 weeks. The level of fibrosis affects treatment outcome, but SVR rates are not significantly different between genders. IL28B and IFNL4 polymorphisms are not significantly associated with HCV-6 treatment outcome.
New Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms Targeting Tubular Channels/Transporters in PKD Development
Authors: Wu Ming , Yu Shengqiang
Published: March 2016

Background: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (PKD) or autosomal recessive PKD is caused by a mutation in the PKD1, PKD2 or PKHD1 gene, which encodes polycystin-1, polycystin-2 or fibrocystin, respectively. Embryonic and postnatal mutation studies show that transport or channel function is dysregulated before the initiation of cystogenesis, suggesting that the abnormality of transport or channel function plays a critical role in the pathology of PKD. Summary: Polycystin-2 by itself is a calcium-permeable cation channel, and its channel function can be regulated by polycystin-1 or fibrocystin. In this paper, we reviewed the current knowledge about calcium transports and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-driven chloride transports in PKD. In addition, the function and the underlining mechanism of glucose transporters, phosphate transporters and water channels in PKD are also discussed. Key Messages: Abnormalities in calcium handling and exuberant cAMP-dependent cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-mediated fluid secretion in the collecting duct are the most important issues in the pathogenesis of PKD.
Atypical Hidradenoma Mimicking Primary Mammary Carcinoma on Breast Fine-Needle Aspiration: A Case Report with Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Rooper Lisa M. , Iding Jeffrey S. , Cuda Jonathan D. , Ali Syed Z.
Published: March 2016

Background: Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is well-established as an accurate technique for the diagnosis of palpable breast masses. While the differential diagnosis of such lesions usually focuses on benign or malignant mammary proliferations, a subset of breast neoplasms arises from skin and soft tissue. Skin adnexal neoplasms such as hidradenoma can pose a particular pitfall on breast FNA cytology (FNAC) as epithelial proliferations that are not of ductal or lobular origin. Case: A 59-year-old female presented with a superficial breast mass. FNAC revealed a hypercellular lesion with marked nuclear atypia that was highly suspicious for carcinoma. However, at partial mastectomy, the histological features of the tumor were consistent with atypical hidradenoma. Negativity for estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) confirmed the diagnosis. Eighteen years later, the patient remains free of recurrence or metastasis. Conclusions: This report offers the first description of findings of atypical hidradenoma on FNAC. In the breast, its high cellularity and nuclear atypia can mimic a primary mammary carcinoma on FNAC. Although breast and skin adnexal tumors show a immunohistochemical overlap, negative ER and PR stains in a low-grade tumor can suggest a nonmammary lesion. Skin adnexal neoplasms should be considered in the differential diagnosis of superficial breast tumors.
Impact of statin therapy on plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
Authors: Sahebkar Amirhossein , Catena Cristiana , Ray Kausik , Vallejo-Vaz Antonio , Reiner Željko , Sechi Leonardo , Colussi GianLuca
Published: March 2016

Elevated plasma levels of the pro-thrombotic and pro-inflammatory factor plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) may contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Beyond their lipid-lowering effect, statins have been shown to modulate plasma PAI-1 levels but evidence from individual randomised controlled trials (RCTs) is controversial. Therefore, we aimed to assess the potential effects of statin therapy on plasma PAI-1 concentration through a meta-analysis of RCTs. We searched Medline and SCOPUS databases (up to October 3, 2014) to identify RCTs investigating the effect of statin therapy on plasma PAI-1 concentrations. We performed random-effects meta-analysis and assessed heterogeneity (I2 test, subgroup and sensitivity analyses) and publication bias (funnel plot, Egger and “trim and fill” tests). Sixteen RCTs (comprising 19 treatment arms) were included and pooled analyses showed a significant effect of statins in reducing plasma PAI-1 concentrations (weighted mean difference WMD: –15.72 ng/ml, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: –25.01, –6.43,). In subgroup analysis, this effect remained significant in with lipophilic statins (atorvastatin and simvastatin) (WMD: –21.32 ng/ml, 95 % CI: –32.73, –9.91, I2=99 %) and particularly atorvastatin (WMD: –20.88 ng/mL, 95 % CI: –28.79, –12.97, I2=97 %). In the meta-regression analysis, the impact of statins on PAI-1 did not correlate with the administered dose, duration of treatment and changes in plasma LDL-cholesterol concentrations. Finally, evidence of publication bias was observed. In conclusion, taking into account the limit of heterogeneity between studies, the present meta-analysis suggests that statin therapy (mainly atorvastatin) significantly lowers plasma PAI-1 concentrations.
Heart Failure and Midrange Ejection Fraction
Authors: Nadruz Wilson , West Erin , Santos Mário , Skali Hicham , Groarke John D. , Forman Daniel E. , Shah Amil M.
Published: March 2016

Background—

Evidence-based therapies for heart failure (HF) differ significantly according to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). However, few data are available on the phenotype and prognosis of patients with HF with midrange LVEF of 40% to 55%, and the impact of recovered systolic function on the clinical features, functional capacity, and outcomes of this population is not known.

Methods and Results—

We studied 944 patients with HF who underwent clinically indicated cardiopulmonary exercise testing. The study population was categorized according to LVEF as follows: HF with reduced LVEF (HFrEF; LVEF<40%; n=620); HF with midrange ejection fraction and no recovered ejection fraction (LVEF was consistent between 40% and 55%; n=107); HF with recovered midrange ejection fraction (LVEF, 40%–55% but previous LVEF<40%; n=170); and HF with preserved LVEF (HFpEF; LVEF>55%; n=47). HF with midrange ejection fraction and no recovered ejection fraction and HF with recovered midrange ejection fraction had similar clinical characteristics, which were intermediate between those of HFrEF and HFpEF, and comparable values of predicted peak oxygen consumption and minute-ventilation/carbon dioxide production slope, which were better than HFrEF and similar to HFpEF. After a median of 4.4 (2.9–5.7) years, there were 253 composite events (death, left ventricular assistant device implantation, or transplantation). In multivariable Cox-regression analysis, HF with recovered midrange ejection fraction had lower risk of composite events than HFrEF (hazard ratio, 0.25; 95% confidence interval, 0.13–0.47) and HF with midrange ejection fraction and no recovered ejection fraction (hazard ratio, 0.31; 95% confidence interval, 0.15–0.67), and similar prognosis when compared with HFpEF. In contrast, HF with midrange ejection fraction and no recovered ejection fraction tended to show intermediate risk of outcomes in comparison with HFpEF and HFrEF, albeit not reaching statistical significance in fully adjusted analyses.

Conclusions—

Patients with HF with midrange LVEF demonstrate a distinct clinical profile from HFpEF and HFrEF patients, with objective measures of functional capacity similar to HFpEF. Within the midrange LVEF HF population, recovered systolic function is a marker of more favorable prognosis.
Parliamentary Diplomacy in the Chinese Constitution and Foreign Policy
Authors: Wang Liwan
Published: March 2016

China’s diplomacy has a dual source of influence: China’s written constitution; and its unwritten political rules. Under this framework, China’s parliamentary diplomacy is generally considered an important part of its overall diplomatic policy. With the strengthening of the political position of the National People’s Congress (npc) and the reforms of its internal system, many forms of parliamentary diplomacy have been created inside the npc, such as high-level contacts and mechanisms for regular inter-parliamentary exchanges. The npc has also been actively engaging in multilateral diplomacy, including the Inter-Parliamentary Union (ipu), to enhance its international presence. In this process, the npc is gradually breaking away from its stereotypical role as a ‘rubber stamp’ and has partially restored its constitutional authority.
World Diplomacy of the European Parliament
Authors: Jančić Davor
Published: March 2016

This article examines the role of the European Parliament in ensuring democratic participation in European Union external relations and global governance. Although the Lisbon Treaty has reinforced the European Parliament’s foreign affairs prerogatives, many obstacles hinder its influence. This prompts the European Parliament to invest considerable institutional resources not only to counterbalance the Commission and the Council and reduce information asymmetry, but also to enhance its posture on the world stage through value-oriented and region-oriented parliamentary diplomacy. The article argues that by conducting world diplomacy, the European Parliament generates critical mass for its institutional empowerment by a crafty application of its treaty rights, by means of non-legislative instruments, and by establishing bilateral and multilateral diplomatic contacts with parliamentary and executive bodies worldwide. The European Parliament thereby attempts to portray itself as an actor without which decisions cannot be made.
Review of the genus Arhaphe (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Largidae) with descriptions of nine new species from Central America
Authors: Stehlík Jaroslav L. , Brailovsky Harry
Published: March 2016

Nine new species of the genus Arhaphe Herrich-Schaeffer, 1850 are described: A. ferruginea sp. nov. from Mexico (Guerrero), A. flavoantennata sp. nov. from Costa Rica (Guanacaste Province), Honduras (Intibuca Department) and Nicaragua (Granada Province), A. hirsuta sp. nov. from Mexico (Oaxaca), A. kmenti sp. nov. from Mexico (Guanajuato, Michoacán), A. longula sp. nov. from Mexico (Guerrero), A. magna sp. nov. from Mexico (Colima), A. myrmicoides sp. nov. from Mexico (Guerrero, Nayarit), A. oaxacana sp. nov. from Mexico (Oaxaca), and A. pilifera sp. nov. from Mexico (Nayarit). The fifth instar larvae of A. arguta (Bliven, 1956), A. carolina Herrich-Schaeffer, 1850, A. cicindeloides Walker, 1873, A. flavoantennata sp. nov., A. mexicana Halstead, 1972, and A. morelensis Brailovsky & Marquez, 1974 are described. Additional state faunistic records of the already described species are provided: A. arguta (Bliven, 1956) (Mexico: Guanajuato, Sonora), A. capitata Halstead, 1972 (Costa Rica; Mexico: Chiapas, Estado de México, Guerrero, Michoacán, Oaxaca, Puebla), A. carolina Herrich-Schaeffer, 1850 (Mexico: Guanajuato, Tamaulipas), A. cicindeloides Walker, 1873 (Mexico: Hidalgo, Querétaro), A. deviatica Brailovsky, 1981 (Nicaragua), A. furcata Brailovsky, 1981 (Mexico: Michoacán), A. halsteadi Brailovsky, 1981 (Mexico: Oaxaca), A. mimetica Barber, 1911 (Mexico: Chihuahua), A. morelensis Brailovsky & Marquez, 1974 (Mexico: Estado de México, Guerrero, Puebla), and A. rustica Brailovsky, 1981 (Mexico: Morelos, Oaxaca).
Two new species of the genus Eumenes Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Eumeninae) from Vietnam
Authors: NGUYEN LIEN THI PHUONG
Published: March 2016

Seven species of the genus Eumenes Latreille, 1802, were recorded from Vietnam (Nguyen 2015), including two long-petiolate species (metasomal tergum 1 equal or more than 4 × as long as its maximum width): E. quadratus quadratus Smith and E. multipictus de Saussure, and five species with shorter petioles (metasomal tergum 1 less than 2.5 × as long as its maximum width): E. inconspicuus Smith, E. atrophicus (Fabricius), E. labiatus sinicus Giordani Soika, E. gibbosus Nguyen and E. rubronotatus Pérez. Two other long-petiolate species were were described from the Papuan region (Nugroho et al. 2010): E. batantanensis Nugroho and E. truncatus Nugroho. Two new species of the genus Eumenes with long-petiolate metasomal segment 1 are described from Vietnam. A key to all species occurring in Vietnam is also provided.
A new species of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Zhejiang Province of China
Authors: CHEN ZHI-TENG
Published: March 2016

The stonefly genus Neoperla Needham (1905) is primarily distributed in eastern North America, Tropical and Temperate Asia and central Africa, with at least 297 species known (Illies 1966, Zwick 1973, Stark & Gaufin 1976, DeWalt et al. 2016). Contributions to Chinese species of Neoperla were made by Chu (1929), Wu & Claassen (1934), Wu (1935, 1938, 1948, 1962, 1973), Yang & Yang (1992, 1995, 1998), Du (1999, 2000a, 2000b), Du et al. (1999, 2001), Du & Sivec (2004, 2005), Du & Wang (2005, 2007), Sivec & Zwick (1987), Li & Wang (2011), Li et al. (2011a, 2011b, 2012a, 2012b, 2013a, 2013b, 2014a, 2014b), Qin et al. (2013), Wang et al. (2013a, 2013b), Li & Zhang (2014), Kong et al. (2014), Wang et al. (2014), Chen & Du (2015). Herein, a new species of this genus is described from Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, of eastern coastal China.
A new species of Synchroa Newman from China (Coleoptera: Synchroidae)
Authors: HSIAO YUN , LI YUN , LIU ZHENHUA , PANG HONG
Published: March 2016

The family Synchroidae Lacordaire, 1859 is a small group of beetles with an elongate, tapered, and slightly flattened body and brownish to black coloration. Members exhibit morphological similarity to some genera of Melandryidae, but can be distinguished based on larval morphology and the unmodified apical maxillary palpomeres. They are widely distributed throughout the Oriental, Palaearctic and Nearctic regions and possess the highest species diversity in Eastern Asia (Nikitsky 1999; Hsiao 2015). Synchroa bark beetles had been viewed as members of the Melandryidae for a long time, but were treated as an independent family in Böving & Craighead (1931). Crowson (1966) followed Böving & Craighead’s treatment and suggested close relatives among the members of Zopheridae and Stenotrachelidae based on both larval and adult characters. Currently, only 8 species distributed amongst three genera have been described in this family: Mallodrya Horn, 1888 is a monotypical genus from North America; Synchroa Newman, 1838, the nominal genus and the largest genus widely distributed in North America, east Palearctic region and the Oriental region, including 5 species; Synchroina Fairmaire, 1898 is from the Oriental region and includes two species. (Nikitsky 1999; Hsiao 2015).Recently, the first author had the opportunity to examine the collection of the Museum of Biology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (SYSBM) discovering one remarkable species of Synchroa with dark coloration and a narrow prothorax, which are very different from previously described species of this genus. After careful examination and comparisons to other described species it is described here as new. In addition, an updated key to the world species of Synchroa is provided.
Resurrection of Rhynchoplax Stimpson, 1858, with the description of two new species from Japan and Australia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Hymenosomatidae)
Authors: KOMAI TOMOYUKI , POORE GARY C. B.
Published: March 2016

Rhynchoplax Stimpson, 1858, is resurrected from synonymy with Halicarcinus White, 1846. Rhynchoplax hondai Takeda & Miyake, 1971, a species based on an immature female, is rediagnosed and two new species, R. magnetica n. sp. from northeastern Australia and R. minutula n. sp. from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, are described. They differ from R. hondai in the shape of the rostrum, form of the subhepatic region and the armature of the pereopodal meri. All differ from the type species R. messor Stimpson, 1858, in having a longer and simple rostrum without supraocular pseudorostral spines and the absence of a postocular spine.
Are Phenacoccus solani Ferris and P. defectus Ferris (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) distinct species?
Authors: CHATZIDIMITRIOU EVANGELIA , SIMONATO MAURO , WATSON GILLIAN W. , MARTINEZ-SAÑUDO ISABEL , TANAKA HIROTAKA , ZHAO JING , PELLIZZARI GIUSEPPINA
Published: March 2016

Among the Nearctic species of Phenacoccus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), Phenacoccus solani Ferris and P. defectus Ferris are morphologically similar and it can be difficult to separate them on the basis of microscopic morphological characters of the adult female alone. In order to resolve their identity, a canonical variates morphological analysis of 199 specimens from different geographical origins and host plants and a molecular analysis of the COI and 28S genes were performed. The morphological analysis supported synonymy of the two species, as although the type specimens of the "species" are widely separated from each other in the canonical variates plot, they are all part of a continuous range of variation. The molecular analysis showed that P. solani and P. defectus are grouped in the same clade. On the basis of the morphological and molecular analyses, P. defectus is synonymized under the senior name P. solani, syn. n.
A new species of Moenkhausia Eigenmann, 1903 (Characiformes, Characidae) from the rio Amazonas basin, Brazil
Authors: OLIVEIRA GUSTAVO D. , MARINHO MANOELA M. F.
Published: March 2016

Moenkhausia abyss is herein described from the rio Amazonas basin lowlands. The new species can be distinguished from the congeners by presenting the combination of the following characters: a dark blotch located on the upper caudal-fin lobe and the lower lobe hyaline, 25–29 branched anal-fin rays, humeral spot rectangular, vertically oriented, extending horizontally through two or two and a half scales and located over the third to the fifth lateral line scales, five longitudinal scale rows above the lateral line, predorsal scales arranged in a single not interrupted median row and 30–34 perforated lateral line scales. Brief comments on Moenkhausia megalops are provided.
Ufudia, a replacement name for Pelonia Junker & Boomker, 2002 (Pentastomida: Sebekidae) from South African terrapins
Authors: JUNKER KERSTIN , BOOMKER JOOP
Published: March 2016

In order to accommodate a new species of pentastomid parasite, Pelonia africana Junker & Boomker, 2002 (Sebekidae), Junker & Boomker (2002) described the new genus Pelonia. This genus name is, however, preoccupied by Pelonia Grube, 1859 (Acari). Grube (1859) did not designate a type species, but Oudemans (1900: 141) recorded Pelonia as a possible synonym of Cepheus Koch, 1835 and listed P. foliosa as its type species, allegedly designated by Grube. Subías et al. (2012), accepted the synonymy of Pelonia with Cepheus Koch, 1835 (Acari: Compactozetidae). Norton & Ermilov (2014) provided a brief summary of the nomenclatural history of the mite genus Pelonia and proposed P. foliosa as being the nymph of Cepheus cepheiformis (Nicolet, 1855).
Feasibility of Screening for Preschool Behavioral and Emotional Problems in Primary Care Using the Early Childhood Screening Assessment
Authors: Fallucco Elise M. , Robertson Blackmore Emma , Bejarano Carolina M. , Wysocki Tim , Kozikowski Chelsea B. , Gleason Mary Margaret
Published: March 2016

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends screening young children for behavioral and emotional problems (BEP) during primary care visits. Because of time constraints, few primary care providers (PCPs) use standardized screening tools to detect BEP. The Early Childhood Screening Assessment (ECSA) is a brief screening tool developed specifically to meet the needs of pediatric primary care providers (PCPs). The ECSA has established psychometric properties, but the feasibility and acceptability of the ECSA have not been established. This study examines the degree to which PCPs would incorporate ECSA screening and how PCPs value the ECSA as a tool to detect children with BEP. Twenty-seven pediatric PCPs were trained to implement ECSA screening. Six months after training, 96% of PCPs reported that the ECSA was practical for use at well-visits, 70% were still screening and 89% agreed that it helped detect more cases of BEP than by routine history-taking alone.
An experimental study on foaming of linear low-density polyethylene/high-density polyethylene blends
Authors: Shahi Peyman , Behravesh Amir Hossein , Haghtalab Ali , Rizvi Ghaus , Goharpei Fatemeh
Published: March 2016

In this research work, foaming behavior of selected polyethylene blends was studied in a solid-state batch process, using CO2 as the blowing agent. Special emphasis was paid towards finding a relationship between foamability and thermal and rheological properties of blends. Pure high-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, and their blends with two weight fraction levels of high-density polyethylene (10 and 25%wt.) were examined. The dry blended batches were mixed using an internal mixer in a molten state, and then the disk-shaped specimens, 1.8 mm in thickness, were produced for foaming purposes. The foaming step was conducted over a wide range of temperatures (120–170℃), and the overall expansion and cellular morphology were evaluated via density measurements and captured SEM micrographs, respectively. Three-dimensional structural images were also captured using a high resolution X-ray micro CT for different foamed samples and were compared. Rheological and DSC tests for the virgin and blends were also performed to seek for a possible correlation with the formability. Based on the results, blended polyethylene foams exhibited remarkable expansion and highly enhanced cell structure compared to pure polymers. Bulk density, as low as 0.33 g/cm3, was obtained for blends, while for the virgin high-density polyethylene  and linear low-density polyethylene, bulk density lower than 0.5 g/cm3 was not attainable. The lowest density was observed at a foaming temperature of 10–20℃ above the melting (peak) temperature obtained via DSC test. Rheological characteristics, including storage modulus and cross-over frequency value, were also found to be the indicators for the materials foaming behavior. Moreover, blends with 25% wt. of high-density polyethylene exhibited the highest expansion values over a wider range of temperature compared with 90% linear low-density polyethylene/10% high-density polyethylene.
The effects of gage length and strain rate on tensile behavior of Kevlar® 29 single filament and yarn
Authors: Ou Yunfu , Zhu Deju , Huang Mengying , Li Hang
Published: March 2016

The mechanical properties of Kevlar® 29 single filaments and yarns with different gage lengths were investigated by utilizing an MTI miniature tester and an MTS load frame. Single yarns of 25 mm were also tested over four different strain rates using a drop-weight impact system. The experimental results showed that the mechanical properties of Kevlar® 29 are sensitive to gage length, structural size scale, and strain rate. The tensile strength decreased with increasing gage length and the structural scale from fiber to yarn, and increased with increasing strain rate. Weibull analysis was conducted to quantify the degree of variability in tensile strength. The obtained Weibull parameters were then used in an analytical model to simulate the stress–strain response of single yarn. Finally, Weibull parameters of single filaments with other gage lengths and strain rates were also obtained by fitting the stress–strain curves of single yarns with corresponding testing conditions.
Early Immersive Culture Mixing
Authors: Martin Lee , Shao Bo
Published: March 2016

Why some multicultural individuals think and identify differently to others is a question that is yet to be clearly answered. We suggest that a key antecedent to psychological differences among multiculturals is early immersive culture mixing, or experiencing multiple cultures simultaneously at home while growing up. We propose that innate multiculturals (defined as individuals who have experienced early immersive culture mixing) are cognitively guided by a single hybrid cultural schema and have a hybrid cultural identity. This would make them fundamentally different from achieved multiculturals (individuals who have become multicultural in other ways), who should possess multiple distinct cultural schemas and cultural identities. A quasi-experiment indicated that, as predicted, innate multiculturals were guided by a single cultural frame with respect to attribution and locus of attention, whereas achieved multiculturals switched between different cultural frames. Innate multiculturals also reported a more integrated cultural identity than did achieved multiculturals. These findings open a new avenue in multiculturalism research, with important potential implications of early immersive culture mixing for a range of individual outcomes such as creativity.
Fungal degradation behavior of two series of polyurethane urea composites obtained by different silver incorporation methods
Authors: Oprea Stefan , Gradinariu Petronela , Joga Aurora , Zorlescu Bica , Oprea Veronica , Potolinca Violeta Otilia
Published: March 2016

This research shows the fungal degradation behavior of two series of composites: a series obtained with silver powder incorporated in sulfadiazine (SD)-based polyurethane urea and another series of composites that incorporates silver through polyurethane chain extension with silver SD. This article reports on the chemical structure variations characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and the mechanical properties of these polymers before and after fungal exposure. Although silver SD—used as a chain-extender—ensures a more orderly dispersion of the silver throughout the hard segment of the polyurethane urea main chain, the FTIR results showed some changes on the surface of these composite films. Both silver composites exhibited higher fungal biodegradation resistance.
Ownership of Corporations
Authors: Boyd Brian K. , Solarino Angelo M.
Published: March 2016

The ownership of corporations has been studied in multiple disciplines and using diverse theoretical frameworks for several decades. Despite a wealth of research, both research gaps and contradictory findings are common. This is partly due to the fragmentation of the foci of individual studies. We synthesize the work done to date through a content analysis of 145 articles and 523 effect size estimates. On the basis of this review, we develop an integrated perspective to understand how institutional, government, family, executive, and board ownership affect a variety of firm outcomes. We conclude by offering new theoretical and contextual directions to better understand the role of ownership in shaping firm outcomes.
A 10-year follow-up of tailored behavioural treatment and exercise-based physiotherapy for persistent musculoskeletal pain
Authors: Emilson Christina , Demmelmaier Ingrid , Bergman Stefan , Lindberg Per , Denison Eva , Åsenlöf Pernilla
Published: March 2016

Objective:

To study the long-term outcomes of two interventions targeting patients with sub-acute and persistent pain in a primary care physiotherapy setting.

Design:

A 10-year follow-up of a two-armed randomised controlled trial, initially including 97 participants.

Interventions:

Tailored behavioural medicine treatment, applied in a physiotherapy context (experimental condition), and exercise-based physiotherapy (control condition). Main measures: Pain-related disability was the primary outcome. The maximum pain intensity, pain control, fear of movement, sickness-related absence (register data) and perceived benefit and confidence in coping with future pain problems were the secondary outcomes.

Results:

Forty-three (44%) participants responded to the follow-up survey, 20 in the tailored behavioural medicine treatment group and 23 in the exercise-based physiotherapy group. The groups did not differ in terms of the change in the scores for the primary outcome ( p=0.17) of pain-related disability between the experimental group (median: 2.5, Q1-Q3: -2.5-14.25), and the control group (median: 0, Q1-Q3: -5-6). Further, there were also no significant differences found for the secondary outcomes except for sickness-related absence, where the exercise-based physiotherapy group had more days of sickness-related absence three months before treatment ( p= 0.02), and at the 10-year follow-up ( p=0.03).

Discussion:

The beneficial effects favouring tailored behavioural medicine treatment that observed post-treatment and at the two-year follow-up were not maintained 10 years after treatment.
A Latent Growth Curve Analysis of Taking Conflict Personally as a Consequence of Sex, Conflict Initiation, Victimization, Conflict-Linkage, and Cardiovascular Reactivity
Authors: Honeycutt James M. , Hample Dale , Hatcher Laura C.
Published: March 2016

This study examines reactions to others’ conflict. We examined the effects of taking conflict personally (TCP), sex, conflict initiation (husband vs. wife initiation), and past victimization from domestic abuse on predicting conciliation in response to escalating aggression over four time periods. We examined both the prediction of escalation and imagined interaction conflict-linkage in terms of persons ruminating about the escalating disagreement as it unfolded as well as blood pressure and heart rate. Latent growth curve modeling, controlling for first-order autocorrelation among the residuals, revealed that being male predicted a rise in aggression as conflict escalated. Victims predicted more conciliation as conflict escalated. Male-initiated conflict was associated with more imagined interaction rumination as the conflict intensified. Interestingly, people who take conflict personally did not show a rise in either aggression or conciliation. TCP did not predict conciliatory or aggressive reactions or conflict-linkage rumination, but it did predict changes in diastolic blood pressure as conflict increased. Results are discussed in terms of the stress associated with TCP.