bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A formal test using agent-based models of the circumscription theory for the evolution of social complexity
Authors: Williams Alice , Mesoudi Alex
Published: December 2023

The emergence of social complexity in human societies is a long-debated topic in archaeology, with competing hypotheses proposed and argued for using archaeological evidence. However, formal testing of these hypotheses is generally lacking. Here, we present and analyse an agent-based model to test the effect of environmental, resource, and social barriers to population movement – collectively known as ‘circumscription’ – on the rate of hierarchy formation. The results show that social circumscription is the largest driver of social complexity by increasing proximity between settlements. Environmental and resource circumscription can negatively impact the emergence of social complexity when the conditions separate the population spatially but can amplify social complexity when the conditions increase proximity between settlements. In providing a detailed test of the assumptions and predictions of circumscription theory, our abstract model provides insight into the conditions that are most likely to result in the emergence of social complexity in the real world.
“Or they could just not use it?”: The Paradox of AI Disclosure for Audience Trust in News
Authors: Toff Benjamin , Simon Felix M.
Published: December 2023

The adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in the production and distribution of news has generated theoretical, normative, and practical concerns around the erosion of journalistic authority and autonomy and the spread of misinformation. With trust in news already low in many places worldwide, both scholars and practitioners are wary of how the public will respond to news generated through automated methods, prompting calls for labeling of AI-generated content. In this study, we present results from a novel survey-experiment conducted using actual AI-generated journalistic content. We test whether audiences in the US, where trust is particularly polarized along partisan lines, perceive news labeled as AI- generated as more or less trustworthy. We find on average that audiences perceive news labeled as AI-generated as less trustworthy, not more, even when articles themselves are not evaluated as any less accurate or unfair. Furthermore, we find that these effects are largely concentrated among those whose pre-existing levels of trust in news are higher to begin with and among those who exhibit higher levels of knowledge about journalism. We also find that negative effects associated with perceived trustworthiness are largely counteracted when articles disclose the list of sources used to generate the content. As news organizations increasingly look toward adopting AI technologies in their newsrooms, our results hold implications for how disclosure about these techniques may contribute to or further undermine audience confidence in the institution of journalism at a time in which its standing with the public is especially tenuous.
SELETIVIDADE DE CLETODIM, QUIZALOFOPE E IOXINILA APLICADOS ISOLADAMENTE OU EM MISTURA NA CEBOLA EZ5605
Authors: Santos Isadora Fabiana , Simone Zera Fabricio , Serpa dos Santos Leticia , Deleo Rodrigues Alice , Rodrigues Leticia Aparecida
Published: December 2023

O conhecimento da seletividade de herbicidas é fundamental para a recomendação desses produtos para o controle de plantas daninhas, desta forma objetivou-se com esse estudo avaliar a seletividade do cletodim, quizalofope e ioxinila, aplicados isoladamente ou em mistura na cultivar EZ5605 de cebola. O experimento foi conduzido em campo, em delineamento de blocos casualizados. Os tratamentos aplicados em pós-emergência foram cletodim, quizalofope, ioxinila, cletodim + quizalofope, quizalofope + ioxinila e cletodim + quizalofope + ioxinila, com quatro repetições. Avaliou-se a fitotoxicidade nas plantas, a altura e massa seca das folhas; diâmetro e massa fresca dos bulbos. Os herbicidas causaram sintomas leves de fitotoxicidade na cultivar, porém aos 28 dias após aplicação os mesmos não estavam mais presentes. Nenhum tratamento afetou altura e massa seca da parte aérea e o diâmetro e massa fresca dos bulbos, indicando que a cultivar foi tolerante ao cletodim, quizalofope, ioxinila isoladamente ou em misturas de combinações entre si, quando aplicados em pós-emergência. Conclui-se que os herbicidas e misturas avaliados são seletivos para a cultivar EZ5605 de cebola.
Palavras-chave: Allium cepa; controle químico; herbicida; tolerância.
 
Selectivity of clethodim, quizalafop and ioxynil applied alone or in mixture on onion EZ5605
 
ABSTRACT: Knowledge of the selectivity of herbicides is fundamental for recommending of these products for weed control, so the objective of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of clethodim, quizalafop and ioxynil, applied alone or in a mixture in the cultivar EZ5605 of onion. The experiment was carried out in the field, in a randomized block design. The treatments applied in post-emergence were clethodim, quizalofop, ioxynil, clethodim + quizalofop, quizalofop + ioxynil and clethodim + quizalofop + ioxynil, with four pills. we know the phytotoxicity in plants, the height and dry mass of the leaves; diameter and fresh mass in the bulbs. The herbicides caused symptoms of phytotoxicity in the cultivar, but at 28 days after application, they were no longer present. No treatment affected shoot height and dry mass and bulb diameter and fresh mass, no treatment affected the height and dry mass of the aerial part and the diameter and fresh mass of the bulbs, indicating that the cultivar was tolerant to clethodim, quizalofop-p-ethyl, ioxynil alone or in combination mixtures with each other, when applied in post-emergence. It is concluded that the evaluated herbicides and mixtures are selective for the onion cultivar EZ5605.
Keywords: Allium cepa; chemical control; herbicide; tolerance.
ALCOHOLIC EXTRACTS OF Vitex agnus-castus AND Populus euphratica IN CONTROLLING Hyalomma anatolicum PARASITIZING LIVESTOCK
Authors: Al-Asibi Badr Rakan Shalal , Shubar Habeeb Waseel Kadhim , Lafta Saeed Maher
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT: The study was conducted from the beginning of April 2022 to the end of December 2022 in Kirkuk governorate, Al-Huweija district. The study examined the alcoholic extracts efficacy of Vitex agnus-castus and Populus euphratica in controlling the hard tick Hyalomma anatolicum using the dipping method. All treated larvae died within 48 hours of treatment. The alcoholic extract of P. euphratica was more effective in killing tick nymphs at a 90 mg mL-1 concentration during the nymphal stage. The mortality rate was 100%. The lowest mortality rate was 67.7% at a concentration of 30 mg mL-1 after 96 hours of treatment. As for the V. agnus-castus alcoholic extract, the highest mortality rate at a concentration of 90 mg mL-1 was 93.33%, while the lowest was 66.66% after 96 hours of treatment. The alcoholic extract of the combination achieved a mortality rate of 93.33% at a concentration of 90 mg mL-1. The lowest concentration of 30 mg mL-1 resulted in a mortality rate of 46.66% after 96 hours of treatment.
Keywords: hard tick; biological control; combination of natural products.
 
Extratos alcoólicos de Vitex agnus-castus e Populus euphratica no controle de Hyalomma anatolicum
 
 
RESUMO: O estudo foi realizado desde o início de abril de 2022 até o final de dezembro de 2022 na província de Kirkuk, distrito de Al-Huweija. O estudo examinou a eficácia dos extratos alcoólicos de Vitex agnus-castus e Populus euphratica no controle do carrapato duro Hyalomma anatolicum usando o método de imersão. Todas as larvas tratadas morreram dentro de 48 horas após o tratamento. O extrato alcoólico de P. euphratica foi mais eficaz em matar ninfas de carrapatos na concentração de 90 mg/ml durante a fase ninfal. A taxa de mortalidade foi de 100%. A menor taxa de mortalidade foi de 67,7% na concentração de 30 mg mL-1 após 96 horas de tratamento. Quanto ao extrato alcoólico de V. agnus-castus, a maior taxa de mortalidade na concentração de 90 mg mL-1foi de 93,33%, enquanto a menor foi de 66,66% após 96 horas de tratamento. O extrato alcoólico da combinação atingiu taxa de mortalidade de 93,33% na concentração de 90 mg mL-1. A concentração mais baixa de 30 mg mL-1resultou numa taxa de mortalidade de 46,66% após 96 horas de tratamento.
Palavras-chave: carrapato duro; controle biológico; combinação de produtos naturais.
Narrativas de idadismo contra pessoas idosas em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19
Authors: Coêlho Almeida Maria Weila , Barroso Azevedo Moura Leides
Published: December 2023

A pesquisa objetivou conhecer os discursos de pessoas idosas moradoras do Distrito Federal sobre isolamento social na pandemia de Covid-19 (2021-2022). O artigo se limita a apresentar as narrativas que descrevem dimensões do idadismo no cotidiano vivido. Estudo de abordagem qualitativa com uso da Técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC) com análise baseada nos pressupostos teóricos das Representações Sociais e idadismo. A coleta de dados ocorreu em 2021 e 2022 com 230 participantes das atividades do Sesc DF. Os resultados apontam que 26, 9% dos entrevistados sofreram alguma forma de idadismo. Quatro DSCs revelam narrativas idadistas e violações de direitos da pessoa idosa.  Conclui-se que é imprescindível o enfrentamento do idadismo individual e institucional e adoção de políticas intergeracionais que propiciem a inclusão social de pessoas idosas.
Development of regional state programs to support agricultural producers who implement carbon-neutral technologies
Authors:   VIAPI named after A.A. Nikonov is a branch of FSBSI FRC AESDRA VNIIESH, Moscow, Russia, Ganieva Irina A. , Koteev Sanji V. ,   VIAPI named after A.A. Nikonov is a branch of FSBSI FRC AESDRA VNIIESH, Moscow, Russia
Published: December 2023

The article presents an analysis of research on state support for agricultural producers implementing carbon-neutral technologies, which allowed us to assess the range and effectiveness of tools for this support in the agro-industrial complex of Russia. The relevance of the development of regional programs in accordance with the requirements of the importing countries of our agricultural products is proved. The increase in costs at the initial stage of energy transition should help to implement technological sovereignty projects that provide for the sustainable production of high-tech products of a full innovation cycle based on domestic developments, including carbon-neutral technologies. These costs should be compensated by various instruments of state support (subsidies, preferential loans, preferential taxation, access to resources, innovation). The developers of the state policy of low-carbon regulation in Russia should, using international practice, raise and solve the following questions: what are the incentives for the introduction of low-carbon projects for business and the public, whether the existing set of state support tools is sufficient, how the indicators of the state low-carbon policy are compared with market identifiers associated with the energy transition to a decarbonized economy. The conducted research suggests that the instruments of state support for low–carbon projects in the sectors of the Russian economy, including subsidies for the modernization of existing production facilities, the introduction of the best technologies with low and zero greenhouse gas emissions, tax incentives, should be worked out at the level of regions or macro-regions - federal districts, using foreign experience.
Development of the grain complex of Russia: strategic aspect
Authors:   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Grain is a branch of the V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Bundina Olga I. , Khukhrin Alexey S. ,   Veltmeister LLC, Moscow, Russia, Kolomiets Svetlana N. ,   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Grain is a branch of the V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Published: December 2023

In recent years, Russia has increased grain production and exports in an unprecedented manner, especially in the 2022/2023 agricultural year. Despite the huge potential demand for grain, according to the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, the profitability of grain production due to Western sanctions decreased in 2022 compared to 2021 almost twice. In order to increase the economic efficiency of grain production and processing, the article examines the dynamics of the implementation of the «Long-term strategy for the development of the grain complex of the Russian Federation until 2035» (hereinafter Strategy-2035), its external environment, the main indicators of the world grain market and the leading grain-producing regions of the country, the global systemic crisis. A set of measures to improve efficiency and competitiveness is proposed based on the consistent implementation of the Strategy-2035, which provides for the creation of grain clusters: the formation of a system of grain clusters will solve a complex of problems of the development of grain farming (from production to export of grain and its processed products). Creating clusters by trial and error, without having a target model of an effective cluster, is very expensive. It is necessary to design clusters based on their adaptive model with predefined efficiency properties, the presence of a set of positive feedbacks.
Development of high-tech agriculture and subjects of rural local economy in conditions of depopulation of rural population
Authors:   VIAPI named after A.A. Nikonov is a branch of the Federal Scientific Center for Agrarian Economics and Social Development of Rural Territories – VNIIESH, Moscow, Russia, Bautin Vladimir M. , Lipchenko Elena A. ,   Russian Biotechnological University, Moscow, Russia
Published: December 2023

Over the past 30 years, Russian agriculture has made a difficult, tortuous and unpredictable path of transition to market relations. In the 1990s, the industry was treated as a «black hole», and in the 20s of the XXI century - already as a driver of the domestic economy. Thus, by the end of 2022, the growth of the national volume of agricultural production amounted to 10.2%. To date, two main forms of agricultural producers have developed in agricultural production: large agribusiness, represented by agricultural holdings and large private farms forming a high-tech sector of the agricultural economy, and small and medium-sized agricultural and non-agricultural business, represented by the most active part of small agricultural entrepreneurship in the face of peasant (farmer) farms, commodity farmsteads (personal subsidiary and other individual family farms), rural cooperatives and consumer societies, horticultural, gardening and dacha partnerships, individual entrepreneurs belonging to the subjects of rural local economy. The article deals with the problems of the influence of these two forms of agricultural producers on the preservation and development of rural lifestyle and rural demography. The role of subjects of rural local economy in performing an important function of social control over rural territories is shown.
Evaluation of exchange-distribution relations based on cross-industry comparisons in the agro-industrial complex
Authors:   rkutsk State Agrarian University named after A.A. Ezhevsky, Irkutsk, Russia, Tyapkina Maria F. , Samarukha Viktor I. ,   Baikal State University, Irkutsk, Russia
Published: December 2023

The state provides domestic agricultural producers with support aimed at creating favorable conditions for their functioning, sustainable development of agricultural production, ensuring food security and improving the supply of food to the population, and the food industry with raw materials. With the transition to a new technological order and an orientation towards an innovative development path, this requires huge investments. It should also be taken into account that during the years of reforms, incomes were withdrawn from agriculture through price disparity. It is necessary to create a mechanism of financial support for the modernization of agriculture on the basis of strategic planning, which will ensure sufficient profitability of agricultural producers and restrain intersectoral disparity and rising prices for resources for the agricultural sector of the economy. This is confirmed in the article by calculations using deflator coefficients, which are used by the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia for budget planning and the formation of federal, regional and sectoral strategic planning documents.
MONITORING AND DIAGNOSTICS OF EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENTS OF FUTURE PHYSICS TEACHERS IN THEORETICAL PHYSICS
Authors:   Бердянський державний педагогічний університет, SHKOLA O.
Published: December 2023

The article examines the theoretical and methodological aspects of the implementation of system monitoring and diagnostics of the level of educational achievements of future physics teachers in theoretical physics. It was noted that the quality of educational results of students in the discipline and their compliance with state regulatory requirements depends primarily on the proper systematic organization of the educational process and the introduction as an informational model of a complete educational and methodological complex, created on a single methodological basis and oriented to the formation of the most complete and holistic ideas about the modern physical picture of the world and its evolution. The structure and content of the author's educational and methodological complex in theoretical physics (using the example of the course «Thermodynamics and statistical physics»), which is implemented in a number of domestic pedagogical institutions of higher education, is highlighted. In the curriculum for the generalization of students' knowledge in theoretical physics, as an element of this complex, the components of their educational achievements are given, namely, based on the structuring of knowledge elements, the content of the scientific-theoretical and practical-activity components of professional competence for each separate content module is determined and specified. Forms of control, objects of evaluation in the process of their implementation and indicators of the level of educational achievements of students in theoretical physics according to the ECTS scale have been determined. The methodical features of conducting complex control works as a means of final diagnosis of the success of students' studies and the achievement of projected educational, educational and developmental goals of the educational discipline «Theoretical Physics» are characterized. It is noted that the monitoring and diagnosis of educational achievements of future physics teachers in theoretical physics can serve as a factor in their personal and professional growth, as well as a source of information about the state of teaching physics in a higher pedagogical educational institution. Keywords: theoretical physics, monitoring and diagnosis of educational achievements of future physics teachers.
SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITY OF ACADEMIC STAFF AT THE UNIVERSITY: REFLECTIONS ON THE IMPACT OF CONTEMPORARY CONDITIONS
Authors:   Бердянський державний педагогічний університет, POPOVA A. , LYNDINA Y. ,   Бердянський державний педагогічний університет, MATSEIKO N. ,   Бердянський державний педагогічний університет
Published: December 2023

Contemporary global development conditions present a range of challenges and opportunities to academic experts in higher education institutions, who must navigate them with limited resources and varying circumstances. The study outlined in this article aims to investigate the factors that influence the scholarly engagement of academic personnel across different timeframes, encompassing both times of peace and conflict. The findings from the analysis underscore critical limitations and motivations that mold the scholarly conduct of university educators. During periods of tranquility, the principal barriers to scholarly engagement include substantial administrative and methodological workloads, as well as limited financial impetus. In times of military events, emotional fatigue and financial hurdles emerge as primary factors curbing the scholarly involvement of academic staff, particularly when coupled with excessive workloads. Moreover, the research results reveal that adaptable work environments, embracing hybrid learning models, also significantly contribute to scholarly involvement. The analysis brings to light the need for dedicated research time in scholarly activities, necessitating a harmonious balance between teaching, methodological commitments, administrative duties, and opportunities for profound research. An intriguing revelation is that young instructors prove most productive, emphasizing the critical role of their guidance and growth. The study's deductions emphasize the importance and imperative of streamlining university operations, particularly through the equitable allocation of workloads, prioritization of psychological and emotional well-being, and establishment of favorable circumstances for scholarly commitment, especially among emerging academics, across local, regional, and national domains. These findings establish a groundwork for crafting effective strategies aimed at sustaining academic experts and fostering scholarly engagement within universities amidst a backdrop of dynamic transformations. Keywords: scientific activity, academic professionals,university, war, peacetime, Covid-2019.
Phenomenology of Religious Thought in Public Universities in The Study of Sociology and Anthropology
Authors: Nuryadin Nuryadin , Norlaila Norlaila , Mudhiah Mudhiah , Emroni Emroni
Published: December 2023

This study aims to examine the differences between religious education at the school and university levels, focusing on the curriculum, sources of religious knowledge, and the role of media in shaping students' religious understanding. The research employs a qualitative approach, utilizing document analysis and interviews with students at Lambung Mangkurat University (ULM) in Banjarmasin. The findings reveal that university-level religious education in Islamic studies deepens students' understanding of religious concepts, emphasizing moral and spiritual aspects. The study also highlights the pivotal role of parents in instilling religious values from an early age and the significant influence of social media, with Ustadz Adi Hidayat being a popular religious figure among students. Moreover, ULM students predominantly possess a textualist scripturalist understanding of religious diversity, primarily focusing on exoteric-shariah aspects. The research contributes to discussions on the dynamics of religious education and the diverse sources shaping students' religious knowledge.
Terminology Translation Challenges and Strategies in Automotive Texts: A Qualitative Study of English-Arabic Translation
Authors: Aldawsari Hamad Abdullah H
Published: December 2023

Background: Terminology translation is a challenging task that requires specialized knowledge and skills. It involves transferring terms from one language to another while preserving their meaning and function. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to qualitatively expound upon terminology translation, focusing on an automotive context. Particularly, this paper examines the issue of terminology translation between English and Arabic for automotive texts. Methodology: The paper uses a descriptive-analytical method to analyze a corpus of several automotive brochures. It identifies three terminology translation problems between the two languages and proposes some strategies to deal with each of them. Findings: The paper finds that the three main problems are: terminology recognition, translation equivalence and term variations. Originality: This paper is one of the few studies that delve into the specific issues of automotive terminology translation between English and Arabic, a relatively under-researched area in translation studies. By identifying key problems and proposing strategies to address them, it adds value to the existing body of knowledge and sets a foundation for future research in this area. Research implications: The study has implications for both translation practice and research. For practitioners, it provides strategies to overcome common challenges in automotive terminology translation between English and Arabic, which can enhance the quality of their work and contribute to the development of this specialized field. For researchers, it opens up new avenues for exploration in the field of terminology translation, particularly in the context of different languages and domains.
Examining the Reliability of the International English Language Testing System Design
Authors: Suss Michael
Published: December 2023

Background: Despite the evolution of the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) to accommodate the evolving needs of test-takers and institutions, concerns have been raised regarding its reliability in assessing English language proficiency. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the reliability of the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) design as a measure of English language proficiency. Methodology: To explore this issue, the research reviewed relevant literature and employed various methods, including frequency analyses, data analytics, and machine learning algorithms based on mathematical principles. Unlike previous studies, this work analysed a dataset of 33,505 authentic band scores, allowing for a comprehensive examination of IELTS test score patterns. Findings: The findings revealed that the concept of reliability is complex, and the statistical methods used by IELTS test providers, based on classical test theory, may provide approximate rather than precise scores. Relying solely on the reputation and authority of the IELTS test is insufficient to establish its reliability, as it involves logical fallacies and arguments from authority. Research implications: It is necessary to conduct further independent research to ensure the IELTS test's reliability and address the concerns expressed by researchers and test-takers.
Wave properties of nanoparticles: the view of a problem
Authors: Chekman I. S.
Published: December 2023

The results of studies on nanopharmacology have made conditions to develop a hypothesis: from the standpoint of quantum mechanics an increase in pharmacological properties of nanoparticle based medications is driven by the preponderance of wave properties over corpuscular ones. According to results obtained the changes of spin states in molecules is one of the essential properties of living matter, which is characterized by self-organization. Self-organization is also common in nanostructures. Therefore, the quantum wave properties of nanoparticles with their high ability to change spin states determine pronounced pharmacological effect of nanoparticle based medications. At this stage of research the scientific facts received do not rise to the possibility to experimentally or mathematically justify the assumptions made, so please take them for granted. I am convinced that this article will be the ‘nanomotor’ that will attract world’s scientists to continue research in order to prove current hypothesis – the wave properties of nanoparticles determine their high activity – experimentally.
Особенности развития плода у женщины с uterus duplex (клинический случай)
Authors: Belyaev S. G. , Fedota O. M. , Gontar Yu. V. , Yakovenko O. A.
Published: December 2023

Помірні дози іонізуючого випромінювання в ранньому періоді ембріогенезу можуть стати причиною виникнення uterus duplex і порушити фолікулярний апарат яєчників майбутньої дівчинки, що визначає високу імовірність вади розвитку плода під час вагітності після досягнення статевозрілого віку.
Динаміка показників ендотеліальної функції та маркери гіпоксії при невропатії лицевого нерва у дітей в процесі лікування
Authors: Pityk M. I. , Liskevych I. I.
Published: December 2023

Встановлено достовірне збільшення рівня оксиду азоту та тенденцію до підвищення вмісту ендотеліну-1 в прямому кореляційному зв’язку з тяжкістю прозопопарезу. Відмічено також тенденцію до збільшення вмісту лактату та достовірне зниження рівня пірувату залежно від ступеня прозопопарезу. На цій основі запропоновано оптимізацію лікувальної тактики шляхом включення до комплексної терапії вітчизняного препарату тіотріазолін.
Влияние различных вариантов комбинированной фармакотерапии больных с хронической сердечной недостаточностью на показатели гемограммы
Authors: Kazimirko V. K. , Kutovyi V. V. , Ivanitska L. M. , Silantieva T. S. , Dubkova A. G.
Published: December 2023

Встановлено, що різні варіанти комбінованної фармакотерапії хворих з хронічною серцевою недостатністю (ХСН) супроводжуються збільшенням вмісту еритроцитів, гемоглобіну в крові, кольорового показника, тенденцією до підвищення гематокритного числа. При цьому найбільш виражені достовірні зрушення відмічено у пацієнтів, які приймали комбінацію інгібіторів ангіотензинперетворюючого ферменту, блокаторів ангіотензину ІІ, β-адреноблокаторів і діуретичного засобу. Виявлено прямий позитивний корелятивний зв’язок між рівнем гемоглобіну та дистанцією 6-хвилинного тесту, обернений – між рівнем гемоглобіну та кінцеводіастолічним об’ємом лівого шлуночка, функціональним класом (ФК) ХСН. Кількість еритроцитів в крові обернено корелює з ФК ХСН, прямо позитивно – з дистанцією 6-хвилинного тесту.
Риски развития и особенности симптоматической эпилепсии у детей, рождённых недоношенными
Authors: Vareshniuk O. V. , Gasuk G. I.
Published: December 2023

Локально зумовлена симптоматічна епілепсія у дітей, народжених недоношеними, які перенесли перинатальне гіпоксично-ішемічне ушкодження головного мозку досліджено у 8 пацієнтів. Епілептичні пароксизми у цих дітей значно погіршили руховий, мовний та когнітивний розвиток.
Биохимические показатели сыворотки крови больных идиопатическим и диспластическим коксартрозом в зависимости от формы прогрессирования
Authors: Gaiko G. V. , Magomedov O. M. , Kalashnikov O. V. , Kuzub T. A. , Polishchuk L. V.
Published: December 2023

Проведені біохімічні дослідження сироватки крові (активнiсть колагенази, фpакцiї гiдpоксипpолiну та глікозаміногліканів) 72 хворих на ідіопатичний та 30 хворих на диспластичний коксартроз (КА) кульшового суглоба IV стадії за J. H. Kellgren та J. S. Lavrence залеж-но від форми прогресування патологічного процесу. Доведено, що при ідіопатичному і диспластичному КА порушений метаболізм основного білка кістково-хрящової тканини − колагену як в катаболічній, так і в синтетичній фазах цього процесу. Найбільші глибокі зміни біохімічних показників (колагеназа, вільний та білокзв`язаний гідроксипролін, вміст глікоза-міногліканів) спостерігали при швидкій формі прогресування ідіопатичного та диспластично-го КА. Визначені особливості сприятимуть кращому розумінню патогенезу КА та розробці діагностичних і лікувальних заходів у хворих з цією тяжкою ортопедичною патологією.
Погребения с накладками седел эпохи Великого переселения народов и раннемеровингского времени в Западной Европе: восточные параллели
Authors: Казанский Михаил
Published: December 2023

Western Europe is known to currently have three burials of the Migration Period and the Early Merovingian period with metal appliques. They are Mundolsheim in Alsace, Ravenna in Northern Italy and Krefeld-Gellep (burial 1782) on the Rhine. According to the luxurious nature of the accompanying things all these burials belong to privileged persons. The burial in Mundolsheim belongs to the first half of the 5th century, while the burials in Ravenna and Krefeld-Gellep date back to the second half – the end of the 5th – the middle of the 6th centuries. The grave in Mundolsheim was found with triangular applique plates. Similar items are discovered in the Eurasian steppe between the Lower Danube and the East Kazakhstan. They date back to the Hunnic and post-Hunnic times. The most similar in shape triangular appliques originate from the Hunnic finds in the Carpathian basin (Széged-Nagyszéksos, Pécsüszög) and from the burial of a barbarian leader in Conceşti, in romanian Moldova. Early Merovingian burials in Ravenna and Krefeld-Gellep are found with segmented elongated appliques with inlaid edges. This form of the appliques also has twins mainly in the Eurasian steppe zone, primarily in the Ponto-Caucasian region. Although similar items also appear in the Volga-Ural steppes and in Western Kazakhstan. However, the inlaid decor along the edge of the plates is found only on Western European appliques. It may indicate that the plates were made in some Western atelier mimicking ‘Eastern’ samples. Triangular and segmental saddle appliques spread across such a wide area due to the influence of the prestigious warrior culture of the late Rome/Byzantium and possibly Sasanian Iran.
Калачиковидные цельнолитые серьги IV–VIIвв.
Authors: Богачев Алексей
Published: December 2023

The article analyses C-shaped all-cast earrings from complexes dated 4th-7th century. There is a collection of artefacts from 79 monuments (France, Bulgaria, Russia, Ukraine, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Austria). Precise topological & geodesic data are used to draw the map of embellishments. In the first place C-shaped earrings are found in the Northern Black Sea region. In terms of chronology they were popular for an extended period of time from antiquity (6th-5th century BC till early Middle Ages 4th-5th century AD). C-shaped earrings in complexes of 4th-7th centuries are evident of the Alans’ interference. However, it is assumed that the Huns adopted the Alans’ aesthetics and symbols. Caucasus, Northern Black Sea region and Lower Volga region in the first half of the 1st millennium were occupied by Sarmatian tribes (the Aorsi, the Alans) and the Huns. This territory is found with more than a half of our complex selection with C-shaped earrings. The Danube region (Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Bulgaria) is another region discovered with archaeological materials that include this jewellery. Besides, C-shaped earrings are found in Brittany in the 5th century burial ground La Mézière (near Orléans), in Burgundy and Normandy. In the South-West France (Occitania, Pyrénées-Orientales) they found a few C-shaped earrings. Two regions in Gaul (France) were mentioned in certain written sources in relation to the Alans’; these regions were also discovered with C-shaped earrings. Volga - Kama - Aral region is registered with 25 closed complexes with C-shaped earrings. Elements of the burial ritual accompanied by tools are described in the table. Both ritualistic elements and tools found in complexes demonstrate homogeneous materials in regions thousands of kilometres apart. Simple C-shaped earrings in Volga - Kama - Aral region can be dated 4th-6th century. Earrings with bunches or pyramids can be dated the second half of the 6th-8th century. These earrings belong to the Sarmatian Alans.
Сорвихинское городище на р. Белая
Authors: Останина Таисия
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the materials of the Sorvikha hillfort which was discovered by N.A.Mazhitov in 1959. He attributed the hillfort to the Pyanobor and Bakhmutin cultures according to the ceramics. The large-scale excavations were conducted at the Sorvikha settlement by the archaeological expedition of the Udmurt Republic’s Museum of Local History (now Kuzebay Gerd National Museum of the Udmurt Republic). The expedition was led by T.I. Ostanina in 1990. The archaeological research resulted in the following conclusions. The ancient settlement was a well-fortified (up to 42 m high, three ramparts, ditches along the ramparts and slopes, a scarp at the edge of the cape built later). Unlike other settlements of the Belaya River basin, the Sorvikha settlement has a large area (132 thousand square meters) which allowed a significant number of people to live there. The Sorvikha ancient settlement occupies a central place, but together with the nearby settlements of Bogorodskoye (Sergeevskoye), Novo-Petrovskoye, located 4.7 and 20 km away from Sorvikha respectively, it constitutes the defensive line of open settlements in the upper reaches of the Bir, Big Izyak and Small Izyak rivers. There are few dating finds (a faience bead of the 3rd–4th centuries, a knife with a groove of the Kharinо time). They make it possible to attribute the monument of the 3rd–4th centuries corresponding to the chronology of the Mazuninо/Bakhmutinо culture. The population was engaged in small-scale animal husbandry producing meat and dairy. Hunting and fishing played a secondary role. There was also non-ferrous casting, although there is still not enough evidence to confirm this idea (a piece of non-ferrous metal slag was found). The excavations discovered a significant number of fragments of hand-made ware. Their general characteristics are as follows: pot-shaped medium-sized vessels made of clay dough composed with sand or sand with small pebbles, very rarely it was composed with crushed seashell. In most cases, the upper part (neck, shoulders, body – less often) of the vessels are ornamented. The patterns are represented by horizontal rows of dimple impressions (imprintы) of different shapes. The neck and the shoulders have a herringbone pattern. The settlement belongs to the Bashkir variant of the Mazunino culture.
Находки предметов вооружения и конского снаряжения степного круга древностей с памятников IX–Xвв. Окско-Донского водораздела
Authors: Колоколов Александр
Published: December 2023

During the 9th – 10th centuries, a large group of archaeological sites are discovered in the region. Their materials correlate with the antiquities of the Romenskaya culture. Weaponry items originating from them can be divided into three groups: items of Eastern European, Northern European and Steppe cultural circle. Most of the finds of weapons and horse equipment of the steppe cultural circle dated the 9th – 10th centuries discovered in the Oka-Don watershed come from settlements. These are the hillforts of Petrovskoye, Supruty, Fedyashevo, Spitsino, “Chertovo Gorodishche”, as well as the settlements of Berezovka-4, Slobodka-1, Torkhovo-3, Ustye-2, Utkino-1. A number of items represent finds outside the context of the archaeological sites. No burial sites of this time containing items of military culture have been found in the region so far. Arrowheads, axes, quiver parts, armour rings as well as a spearhead and a dagger fragment were found. Horse harnesses include metal reins, stirrups and bridle fittings. Most of the finds come from sites from the early Slavic antiquities in the region. The finds are limited to the 9 community. Among the mass of steppe antiquities from the region, there is a group of objects from the Hungarian cultural group standing out clearly. These items come from the final complexes of the early period and from sites of the middle period (mid and second half of the 10th century).
Нижнее Притоболье в эпоху бронзы: географические паттерны и культурные ареалы
Authors: Костомаров Владимир , Булакова Екатерина
Published: December 2023

The article presents a reconstruction of the settlement system of communities in the Lower Tobol region during the Bronze Age based on the analysis of archaeological materials using cartography methods and GIS tools. It is noted that the structural components of settlement require many attributes to be described, for example, the distance to the water, the height of the shore, the distance between compared objects, the configuration of the site itself, etc., some of which are accurately determined during work with reports and excavation materials, not excluding inspection of objects in the field. Using the example of the specific territory of the Lower Tobol region, it is confirmed that the geographical position of the sites and the surrounding relief can, along with other data, indicate the cultural and epochal specificity of the object, which allows us to characterize the settlement patterns of groups in ancient times and complement our ideas about the way of life of people and the economic model that they adhered to in a certain era. The work addresses the issues of determining geographical patterns (settlement models) characteristic of the Bronze Age in general and for individual cultures in particular (for the analysis were used sites of the Barkhatov, Suzgun, Pakhomov, Cherkaskul, Fedorov, Alakul, Koptyakov, Tashkovo cultures known for the Lower Tobol region). The use of statistical methods and modeling of natural processes, as well as analysis of the distribution of observed objects, made it possible to characterize the territories selected for settlement, identify patterns of settlement inherent in groups of different cultures, and also determine the relationship between the locations of sites and the lines of watercourses, having processed a large array of data and analyzing the nature of the settlement of the territory of the Lower Tobol region in the Bronze Age.
О бисере из «белого металла» андроновского населения: к вопросу об истоках традиции
Authors: Сотникова Светлана
Published: December 2023

Beads made of "white metal" are found in Altai on the one hand, in the Andronovo (Fedorovo) burial site Chekanovsky Log X, on the other hand. They are discovered at the steppe-type sites of the north of Middle Asia, where this category of adornments is quite often. Moreover, in some burials the number of beads is extremely large (300–1200 pieces). The focus in this article is given to the description of Middle Asian complexes with finds of "white metal" beads. The article mainly considers the issue of their chemical composition. According to the spectral analysis, the Middle-Asian beads consisted of copper with a high content of tin or a complex tin-based alloy. Such a composition gave the items a silvery color. It is suggested that such beads were used by the Middle Asia people to substitute silver, more expensive and rare metal. It is assumed that not the beads themselves were valued, but the clothes skillfully embroidered with them. The author concludes that the tradition to use clothes embroidered with beads emerged in the steppe-type sites of Central Asia (Dashti-Kozi, Muminabad burial sites, etc.) due to contacts with the local farmers. But farmers preferred to make beads from stone instead. The tradition to use clothes embroidered with beads of semi-precious gems arises among them probably as a result of contacts with civilizations of the Near East. Such clothes appeared among steppe herders of Middle Asia not to simple copy farmers’ images. They mastered metallurgy and metalworking early enough and preferred metal in making jewelry, including beads. The finds of “white metal” beads in the Chekanovsky Log X burial site is another confirmation of the previously expressed point of view that the Andronovo population of Altai formed under the influence of migration impulses from the southern regions, including Middle Asia.
Модель скотоводческого хозяйства населения позднего бронзового века с горно-металлургической производственной специализацией в Южных Мугоджарах (Западный Казахстан)
Authors: Ткачев Виталий , Косинцев Павел , Бачура Ольга , Байтлеу Дархан
Published: December 2023

The paper presents the results of an archaeozoological study of osteological materials of the reference Sarlybay and Shuuldak archaeological microdistricts of the Late Bronze Age in Southern Mugodzhary. Historical and ethnographic data are used for their interpretation. It is established that the seasonality factor played a key role in the implementation of the economic and cultural model of the cattle-breeding population of the Late Bronze Age with mining and metallurgical production specialization in the Southern Mugodzhary. The basis of the life support system was mobile cattle breeding with seasonal rotation of pastures and water sources with the auxiliary role of hunting. In places of permanent summer pastures, dwellings, economic and industrial structures were arranged. During the stay on summer pastures, copper ores were extracted and pre-processed. The stability and efficiency of this model was ensured by the seasonal coincidence of economic cattle breeding and technological cycles of mining and metallurgical production, a single landscape ordination of pasture lands and copper ore sources. The cattle farming system being reconstructed in the Southern Mugodzhary, harmoniously combined with mining and metallurgical production, is a vivid illustration of one of the forms of implementation of the pastoral model of metal production that existed in the steppe regions of Northern Eurasia throughout the Bronze Age.
Случайные находки эпохи ранних кочевников из Кунашакского и Красноармейского районов Челябинской области
Authors: Таиров Александр
Published: December 2023

People of several aboriginal archaeological cultures populated the northern part of the foreststeppe zone of the Southern Trans-Urals in the Early Iron Age. Several accidental archaeological finds of bronze items come from this region. They are featured with the traditional animal style of the early nomads of Eurasia. A plaque depicts a predator crouching to the ground with the head of a ram in its mouth grabbing the muzzle. The plaque was found on a plowed field in the Karpino tract. It renders the scene of herbivore being tormented by a predator. This sort of image is popular in the Scytho-Siberian animal style. Another two bronze plaques were found on the top of the hill, Mount Sovinaya. The plaques refer to an elk’s head and face. Both plaques depict the head of a male elk with large antlers and protruding ears. It should be noted that the elk’s head on the plaques is not proportioned. It is shorter and wider unlike real animal and more reminiscent of the head of a bull or a cow. There are two longitudinal loops on the reverse side of the plaques. The plaques from Mount Sovinaya are completely original and have no equivalents among the monuments of the Scythian-Siberian animal style. It should be noted there is no image of an elk in the art of the nomads of the Lower Volga region and the Southern Urals. The presented plaques from accidental finds characterize the original art of the Trans-Ural forest-steppe tribes. According to the author, this art developed under the direct influence of the art of the nomads of the Eurasia steppe zone. On the contrary, a figurine of a stylized bird (“bird-shaped idol”) found near Lake Saygerly is one of the most striking categories of inventory of the Itkul archaeological culture.
The Effect of Constructive and Independence Play on Prior Knowledge of Mathematics
Authors: Sari Resti Elma , Budi Hendri Budi Utama
Published: December 2023

This study aims to investigate the impact of constructive play and the level of independence on prior knowledge of mathematics. The research method used is experimental. The research findings show that there is an effect of constructive play and the level of independence on early mathematical knowledge. In addition, there is also an interaction between constructive play and the level of independence towards early mathematical knowledge. In the group of children with a high level of independence, the use of Cuisenaire block constructive games resulted in higher initial mathematical knowledge compared to the group of children who were given geometric puzzle constructive games. On the other hand, in the group of children with a low level of independence, the early mathematical knowledge of the children who were given the Cuisenaire block constructive game was lower than the group of children who were given the geometric puzzle constructive game. Therefore, the Cuisenaire block constructive game is suitable for children with a high level of independence, while the geometric puzzle constructive game is more suitable for children with a low level of independence.