bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-collected gargle specimen as a patient-friendly sample collection method for COVID-19 diagnosis in a population context
Authors: Utama Revata , Hapsari Rebriarina , Puspitasari Iva , Sari Desvita , Hendrianingtyas Meita , Nurainy Neni
Published: August 2021

Scaling up SARS-CoV-2 testing and tracing continues to be plagued with the limitation of the sample collection method, which requires trained healthcare workers to perform and causes discomfort to the patients. In response, we assessed the performance and user preference of gargle specimens for qRT-PCR-based detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Indonesia. Inpatients who had recently been diagnosed with COVID-19 and outpatients who were about to perform qRT-PCR testing were asked to provide nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal (NPOP) swabs and self-collected gargle specimens. We demonstrated that self-collected gargle specimens can be an alternative specimen to detect SARS-CoV-2 and the viral RNA remained stable for 31 days at room temperature storage. The developed method was validated for use on multiple RNA extraction kits and commercially available COVID-19 RT-PCR kits. Our developed method achieved a sensitivity of 91.38% when compared to paired NPOP swab specimens (Ct < 35), with 97.10% of patients preferring the self-collected gargle method.
Event-driven NN adaptive fixed-time control for nonlinear systems with guaranteed performance
Authors: Song Xiaona , Sun Peng , Song Shuai
Published: August 2021

This article investigates the adaptive neural network fixed-time tracking control for a class of strict-feedback nonlinear systems with prescribed performance demands, in which radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is utilized to approximate the unknown items. First, an improved fractionalorder dynamic surface control (FODSC) technique is incorporated to address the issue of the iterative derivation, where a fractional-order filter is adopted to improve the filter performance. What's more, the error compensation signal is established to remove the impact of filter error. Furthermore, a fixed-time adaptive event-triggered controller is constructed to reduce the communication burden, where the Zeno-behavior can also be excluded. Stability results prove that the designed controller not only guarantees all the signals of the closedloop systems (CLS) are practically fixed-time bounded, but also the tracking error can be regulated to a predefined boundary. Finally, the feasibility and superiority of the designed control algorithm are verified by two simulation examples.
Current-dependent Ocular Tilt Reaction in STN-DBS: evidence for a putative incerto-interstitial pathway?
Authors: Friedrich Maximilian , Eldebakey Hazem , Zwergal Andreas , Roothans Jonas , Capetian Philipp , Volkmann Jens , Reich Martin
Published: August 2021

Objective: To report a patient with Parkinson’s disease presenting with a combined vestibular, oculomotor and postural syndrome dependent of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus. Methods: In a systematic monopolar review, eye, head and trunk position in roll and pitch plane were documented as a function of stimulation amplitude and field direction. Repeat ocular coherence tomography was used to estimate ocular torsion. The interstitial nucleus of Cajal (INC), zona incerta (ZI) and ascending vestibular fiber tracts were segmented on MRI using both individual and normative structural and connectomic data. Thresholded symptom-associated volumes of tissue activated (VTA) were calculated based on documented stimulation parameters. Results: Ipsilateral ocular tilt reaction and body lateropulsion as well as contralateral torsional nystagmus were elicited by the right electrode in a current-dependent manner and subsided after DBS deactivation. With increasing currents, binocular tonic upgaze and subsequently body retropulsion could be elicited, consistent with an irritative effect on the Interstitial Nucleus of Cajal (INC). Symptom-associated VTA was found to overlap with the dorsal zona incerta (dZI) and the lateral ipsilateral vestibulothalamic tract (IVTT), while lying in close proximity to the medial IVTT and rather distant to the INC proper. As described in non-human primates, a ZI-to-INC, “incerto-interstitial” tract (IIT) with contact to the medial-uppermost portion of the VTA could be traced. By ways of directional current steering laterally to both tracts, therapeutic response could be preserved while vestibular side effects were minimized. Conclusion: Unilateral stimulation of mesencephalic vestibular-related circuitry induces an ipsilateral vestibular, oculomotor and postural roll-plane syndrome, which converts into a combined pitch-plane syndrome, when functional activation expands to the bilateral INC. The phenomenology of the roll-plane syndrome in this patient points to an activation of INC neurons by DBS, hypothetically via a potentially aberrant incerto-interstitial pathway. Directional current steering proved useful in managing this rare side effect.
Automated Retinal Boundary Segmentation of Optical Coherence Tomography Images Using an Improved Canny Operator
Authors: Liu Jian , Yan Shixin , Lu Nan , Yang Dongni , Lv Hongyu , Wang Shuanglian , Zhu Xin , Zhao Yuqian , Wang Yi , Ma Zhenhe , Yu Yao
Published: August 2021

Retinal segmentation is a prerequisite for quantifying retinal structural features and diagnosing related ophthalmic diseases. Canny operator is recognized as the best boundary detection operator so far, and is often used to obtain the initial boundary of the retina in retinal segmentation. However, the traditional Canny operator is susceptible to vascular shadows, vitreous artifacts, or noise interference in retinal segmentation, causing serious misdetection or missed detection. This paper proposed an improved Canny operator for automatic segmentation of retinal boundaries. The improved algorithm solves the problems of the traditional Canny operator by adding a multi-point boundary search step on the basis of the original method, and adjusts the convolution kernel. The algorithm was used to segment the retinal images of healthy subjects and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients; eleven retinal boundaries were identified and compared with the results of manual segmentation by the ophthalmologists. The average difference between the automatic and manual methods is: 2-6 microns (1~2 pixels) for healthy subjects and 3-10 microns (1~3 pixels) for AMD patients. Qualitative method is also used to verify the accuracy and stability of the algorithm. The percentage of “perfect segmentation” and “good segmentation” is 98% in healthy subjects and 94% in AMD patients. This algorithm can be used alone or in combination with other methods as an initial boundary detection algorithm. It is easy to understand and improve, and may become a useful tool for analyzing and diagnosing eye diseases.
Influence of KI Salt Concentration on The Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Films: Optical Study
Authors: J Sannappa , Demappa Thippaiah , Sunilkumar
Published: August 2021

Herein the optical properties of Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose/Potassium iodide (HPMC/KI) composite films were determined. Casting technique was introduced to make HPMC/KI films with different KI salt concentrations (0.1–1) wt%. The absorbance model was used to determine parameters like absorption edge, refractive index, real and imaginary sections of dielectric function, extinction coefficient, Urbach energy, band gap and optical conductivity in the spectral range 200–800 nm. As shown by study, KI salt doping affects the optical properties of HPMC. The absorption edge (\({E}_{e}\)) was widely displaced towards a region of lower photonic energy. For the 1 wt% KI/HPMC film, the direct and indirect optical bandwidth gaps of pure HPMC were reduced from 5.6 eV to 2.56 eV and 5.86 to 2.5 eV respectively. The optical dielectric loss method was effectively employed as an alternate method for estimating the optical bandgap. In addition, the Tauc’s extrapolation method identified the kind of electronic transition. The variation of optical energy band gap and dielectric constant based on KI salt concentration was used to investigate the credibility of the Penn’s model. In salt-composite films, an increase in Urbach energy and optical conductivity were observed which may be evidence of large shift from tail-to-tail and band to tail. Meanwhile, X-ray diffraction (XRD) examination revealed that the KI salts damaged the HPMC polymer's crystalline phase. Lastly, the films were also subjected to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The considerable variation in transmittance and band change in FTIR spectra was exposed for doped films.
Quantum Fourier Transform to Estimate Drive Cycles
Authors: Dixit Vinayak , Jian Sisi
Published: August 2021

Drive cycles in vehicle systems are important determinants for energy consumption, emissions, and safety. Estimating the frequency of the drive cycle quickly is important for control applications related to fuel efficiency, emission reduction and improving safety. Quantum computing has established the computational efficiency that can be gained. A drive cycle frequency estimation algorithm based on the quantum Fourier transform is exponentially faster than the classical Fourier transform. The algorithm is applied on real world data set. We evaluate the method using a quantum computing simulator, demonstrating remarkable consistency with the results from the classical Fourier Transform. Current quantum computers are noisy, a simple method is proposed to mitigate the impact of the noise. The method is evaluated on a 15 qbit IBM-q quantum computer. The proposed method for a noisy quantum computer is still faster than the classical Fourier transform.
Synthesize of GaN/quartz Nanostructure Using Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid for Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Amir Husam Aldin A. Abdul , Fakhri Makram A , Alwahib Ali. A. , Salim Evan T.
Published: August 2021

This study involves synthesizing gallium nitride (GaN) nanoparticles (NPs) under six different ablation energies using the pulsed laser ablation method. The nanoparticle was deposited using drop cast method on a quartz substrate. XRD pattern shows two peaks of h-GaN nanoparticles at 2θ = 34.64 and 37.98, reflected from (002) and (100) planes. The morphological properties indicate the hexagonal crystal nature of GaN that shows in the XRD pattern. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra show the highest laser power, 2000 mj has a minor emission peaked at 3.34 eV. The maximum emission peak 3.83 eV at 1400 mJ. The study depends on the pulsed laser to generate nanoparticles with different characteristics.
Use of infrared thermography in an animal model as a complementary tool for monitoring the inflammatory process: a preliminary study
Authors: Meireles Agnes Batista , Cruz Timilly Martins , Moreira Izabela Cristina Brandão , de Almeida Valéria Gomes , Avelar-Freitas Bethânia , Ottoni Marcelo Henrique Fernandes , Araújo Cíntia Pimenta , de Melo Gustavo Eustáquio Brito Alvim , Gonçalves Patrícia Furtado , Pereira Wagner de Fátima
Published: August 2021

PurposeTemperature changes on a surface can be measured by infrared thermographic cameras. Thus, the images obtained by these cameras can be useful for a wide range of biological in vivo studies, including animal models of inflammation. In this preliminary study, the use of thermography in rat paw inflammation was evaluated.MethodsCFA-induced paw edema on rats (n=5) was performed and discrepancies between animals treated or not with anti-inflammatory drugs as triamcinolone acetonide and diclofenac sodium were analyzed. Experimental times were: T0, before chemical induction of inflammatory process (control); and times after injection: T1 (30 min); T2 (24 hours); T3 (48 hours); T4 (72 hours); T5 (96 hours); T6 (7 days); T7 (14 days); T8 (21 days); T9 (28 days). The measured parameters were temperature, the edema (thickness and volume) of each animal paw (left and right), histological analysis, and blood leukocyte count.ResultsThe results demonstrated that the profile of local temperature changes was similar to the volume and thickness of the paws, with an increase at 24 hours. Such increase (the 24 hours peak) is expected for this specific type of inflammation model. From T7 onwards, the temperature values, in all groups, returned to baseline values (T0).ConclusionsThis preliminary study shows a possible use of quantitative high-resolution infrared as a complementary tool for monitoring the inflammatory process.
Step, dip, and bell-shape traveling waves in a (2 + 1)-chemotaxis model with traction and long-range diffusion
Authors: Kuipou William , Didier Belobe Belobo , Mohamadou Alidou , Fouda Henri Paul Ekobena
Published: August 2021

In this paper, a new (2 + 1)-dimensional chemotaxis model is introduced, the focus being the understanding of influences of cooperative mechanisms from traction forces, long-range diffusion to chemotaxis on the dynamical characteristics of waves and their transport. Applying the F-expansion method, three families of new traveling wave solutions of bacterial density and chemoattractant concentration are constructed, including step, dip, and bell-shape wave profiles. The dependence of the conditions of existence of our solutions with respect to the model parameters is fully clarified. We found that traction and long-range diffusion slow down the waves and entail the transport of a small number of particles. Surprisingly, the long-range diffusion increases the thickness of the wave but does not alter its magnitude. Amongst families of solutions constructed, dip waves travel faster may be used to explain fast coordination amongst particles. As they support the transport of large amounts of cells, step waves could explain the transport of particles in high dense media. Intensive numerical simulations corroborate with a pretty much accuracy our theoretical analysis, confirming the robustness of our predictions. Traction, long-range diffusion and chemotaxis deeply affect the wave dynamics, they must be taken into account for a better understanding of chemotaxis systems.
Spatial-transcriptomics reveals unique defining molecular features of 5-aminolevulinic acid+ infiltrative tumor cells associated with glioblastoma recurrence and poor survival
Authors: Andrieux Geoffroy , Das Tonmoy , Griffin Michaela , Boerries Melanie , Smith Stuart , Rahman Ruman , Chakraborty Sajib
Published: August 2021

Spatiotemporal-heterogeneity originating from genomic and transcriptional variation contributes to subtype switching in GBM prior to and upon recurrence. Fluorescence-guided neurosurgical resection utilizing 5-aminolevulinic acid (5ALA) enables the isolation of infiltrative margin tumor cells (5ALA+) from a non-neoplastic background within neighboring brain parenchyma. Spatial transcriptomics identifies GBM molecular subtype plasticity as not restricted to recurrence, but manifesting regionally in a cell-type-specific manner, where a 5ALA+ Mesenchymal subtype may drive recurrence. Exon-intron split analysis reveals hijacking of the neural wound response pathway to promote tumor growth, via IRF8-mediated post-transcriptonal control. A unique stemness index further defines 5ALA+ cells as a rare sub-population of infiltrative GBM stem cells. Finally, we establish that enriched gene signatures of 5ALA+ cells are associated with poor survival and recurrence in GBM, signifying that transition from primary to recurrent GBM is not discreet, but rather a continuum whereby 5ALA+ residual disease more closely resembles the eventual recurrent GBM.
Administrative and legal support of the National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine as a subject of ensuring of functioning the system of economic security of the state
Authors: Melnyk V.I.
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to a set of issues related to the study of administrative and legal support of the National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine as a subject of ensuring the system of economic security of the state. Emphasis is placed on the need for systematic comprehensive support of Ukraine's economic security system by effectively countering a wide range of real threats to the domestic economic sector in the current difficult period. An attempt is made to substantiate the expediency of positioning the National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine as one of many entities to ensure the economic security of the state and determine its place among other government agencies aimed at protecting the analyzed component of state security. In particular, the emphasis is on the criminal acts under investigation of the subject, as well as the assessment of the impact of the consequences of most acts of corruption on the domestic economy. It is emphasized that effective counteraction to the latter should contribute to the proper functioning of the entire system of economic security of Ukraine. It has been established that the national anti-corruption bureau of Ukraine works, aims, and functions as one that supports the system of economic security. Attention is drawn to a significant other part of other systems of the economic component of security. The separate issues of coordination and subcontracted coordination, reporting on the effective use of consolidation of own efforts to effectively counter a wide range of domestic and existing threats, are exogenous and endogenous in origin, and are well-known translations for the national economy.
Criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of law enforcement agencies' interaction with financial institutions on combating money laundering
Authors: Steblianko A.V.
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the definition of criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of law enforcement agencies' interaction with financial institutions in countering the legalization of criminal proceeds. The urgency of the problem described in the article is due to the need to increase the effectiveness of counteracting the facts of money laundering, given the state of economic crime and the losses from its existence. The article clarifies the essence of such concepts as «criterion», «evaluation» and «efficiency». Attention is drawn to the fact that the effectiveness of the interaction can be judged based on the purpose of the interaction itself. It is stated that in evaluating efficiency, qualitative and quantitative indicators should be taken into account, while the latter in the form of statistics should be considered mainly as a source of information on the state of crime, the amount of work done, and not its results. The criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of law enforcement agencies' interaction with financial institutions in countering the legalization of criminal proceeds are: 1) reducing the proportion of latent crime; 2) state of information support; 3) the speed of response of financial institutions to the request of law enforcement agencies to provide certain information; 4) state of cooperation with other entities of the system of counteraction to the legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime; 5) the number of indictments drawn up; 6) public opinion. It is concluded that the evaluation of the effectiveness of the interaction of these entities on the basis of the criteria we define will only be relevant if it is objective, of public importance, relevant to the purpose of the interacting entities.
Administrative and legal support of the activity of customs entities in Ukraine
Authors: Timashov V.O. , Mykhed O.V.
Published: August 2021

This article deals with the issue of administrative and legal support of the activity of customs entities in Ukraine. The views of scientists who have this issue have been researched and analyzed. The definition of customs business is determined in accordance with the norms of the Customs Code of Ukraine. Changes in customs legislation were also noticed. Accordingly, the concept of customs legal relations was formed. The historical development of the customs in Ukraine is investigated. Find out the names of the State Customs Service: 1991-1996 - State Customs Committee of Ukraine, 1996- 2012 - State Customs Service, 2012-2014 - Ministry of Revenue and Duties, 2014-2019 - State fiscal service, 2019 and until now - the State Customs Service. Attention was also payed to the changes in customs legislation that have occurred as a result of the reform of this field. The main legislative changes have been determined in accordance with the draft Law "On Amendments to the Customs Code of Ukraine and some other laws of Ukraine in connection with the administrative reform". On the basis of the researched norms of the current national legislation, its drawbacks regarding the administrative and legal support of the State Customs Service in Ukraine have been identified. Scientists' views on the classification of subjects of customs relations have been investigated. The essence and content of the administrative legal status of the subjects of customs relations are determined. Find out that in the scientific and educational literature is very common to find different concepts that characterize directly the participant of customs relations. Also, not less important, was the definition of customs entities according to the views of scientists on this issue. Therefore, customs entities are customs authorities and individuals and legal entities under their control who cross the customs border and move vehicles and goods through it, and carry out activities for the purpose of realizing rights, duties and legitimate interests in the field of public customs, while having certain rights and responsibilities.
Physiological Responses of Apple Rootstock M.9 to Infection by Fusarium solani
Authors: Xiang Li , Zhao Lei , Wang Mei , Huang Junxia , Chen Xuesen , Yin Chengmiao , Mao Zhiquan
Published: August 2021

Apple replant disease (ARD) causes enormous economic loss and threatens the survival of apple industry worldwide. Fusarium solani is one of the pathogens that has been proven to cause ARD. Samples were collected at different time periods to investigate the mechanism of defense responses of apple to F. solani infection by monitoring the biomass, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and antioxidant enzyme activities of the apple rootstock ‘M.9T337’. In addition, the abundance of transcription of four pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins involved in antifungal defense was monitored. The results showed that the apple root system was normal and had small brown areas. However, there is a rapid burst of ROS during the early infection stage, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes and transcription of PRs increased during this period. With the extension in infection time, the infected root tissues displayed dark brown necrosis, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes and abundance of transcription of PRs decreased gradually after reaching their peak. Eventually, the plant biomass decreased, and the plant died. In conclusion, the levels of ROS and activities of antioxidant enzymes played an active role during the early stage of resistance of ‘M.9T337’ apples to infection by F. solani. Infection by F. solani can destroy the ROS scavenging system, causing oxidative damage and inhibiting the growth of apple rootstocks.
The removal of turbidity and toxic metals in the AMD using a combination of saw dust, bentonite clay and synthetic CaMg.2(OH)2
Authors: Ntwampe I. O.
Published: August 2021

Sets of experiments were conducted using 200 mL of synthetic acid mine drainage (AMD) into five 500 mL glass beakers, dosed with varying quantities of bentonite clay, saw dust and CaMg.2(OH)2 respectively and as a flocculent (bentonite clay, saw dust and CaMg.2(OH)2), mixed at 250 and 100 rpm for 2 and 10 mins respectively. The samples settled for 1 hour after which the pH, conductivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, oxidation reduction potential and toxic metals were measured. The turbidity removal of AMD samples treated with a flocculent (0–23 NTU) is lower compared to that of the samples treated with bentonite clay and saw dust (27–32 NTU). Results show 100% removal of Ni, moderate percentage removal of Fe and slightly lower percentage of Cu in treated AMD using a flocculent. Turbidity removal in treated AMD using a flocculent is higher compared to that of the samples treated with bentonite clay, saw dust or CaMg.2(OH)2. Treated AMD using flocculent has low Ca, Mg, Cl− and SO42− content (>84.8%). The SEM micrograph of the sludge of the sample with a combination of 1.5 bentonite clay, 1.5 g saw dust and 20 mL 0.025 M CaMg.2(OH)2 dosage shows optimal sorption of turbid materials.
SPECIAL ASPECTS OF APHORISMS TRANSLATION REPRESENTING THE "RESPECT" CONCEPT IN CHINESE LANGUAGE
Authors:   Astrakhan State University, AKIMOVA OLGA V.
Published: August 2021

This article is devoted to the problems of translating Chinese paroemias with the “respect” concept into Russian. The relevance lies in the study and translation of aphorisms, proverbs and folk sayings with the “respect” word as they are culture universals, perform the function of keeping the traditions, history, culture of the people and clearly convey the culture of the representing country. The material of the work was written based on the analysis of translations of 61 paroemias, which include aphorisms, proverbs, sayings, chengyu related to “respect”. This article discusses in detail both the lexical and grammatical problems of translating the paroemias associated with the differences in the grammatical structure of the Chinese and Russian sentences, the features of the Chinese language as an isolating type. Own version of grammatical transformation applicable to the translation of grammatical constructions from Chinese language (grammatical explication) is also proposed.
CATEGORY OF TAXIS AND PECULIARITIES OF ITS EXPRESSION IN THE FRENCH LANGUAGE
Authors:   Astrakhan State University, DONCHENKO ELENA V.
Published: August 2021

The article describes the taxi category and analyzes its relationship with the categories of time correlation, the coordination of tenses in complex sentences with an attributive subordinate clause, and examines the features of their expression in French. The article describes the category of taxi and analyzes its relationship with the specific semantics of verbs, as well as examines the aspect-taxi situations and features of their expression in complex sentences in the French language. The category of taxis is considered as a functional and semantic field formed due to the interaction of various means of this language, United by the semantics of temporal relations between actions-components of a polypredicative complex within an integral time period.
TRAINING INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS OF INTERPRETING AND TRANSLATION IN A MULTICULTURAL ENVIRONMENT: ASU BEST PRACTICES
Authors:   Astrakhan State University, EMELJANOVA NADEZHDA A , PETELINA JULIA N. ,   Astrakhan State University, SAVELJEVA ULIANA A. ,   Astrakhan State University
Published: August 2021

The challenges of adaptation faced by international students of interpreting and translation at Astrakhan State University (ASU), which are aggravated by high academic standards, have been successfully overcome owing to a number of factors: the favourable geographic location of ASU, a unique combination of languages (English, German, French, Italian, Spanish, Persian (Farsi), Azeri, Kazakh, Arabic, Chinese, Japanese), highly-qualified teaching staff, advanced technologies, and uptodate equipment.
LINGUA-CULTURAL DIFFERENCES OF TRADE PAROEMIAS IN RUSSIAN AND CHINESE
Authors:   Astrakhan State University, KALIKOVA ANNA M. , CHEREDNICHENKO JULIA E. ,   Astrakhan State University, BOBROVA OLGA E. ,   Astrakhan State University
Published: August 2021

The work under study comprises a comparative analysis of the semantic components of trade paroemias in two languages - Russian and Chinese. The research material is made up by proverbs and phraseological units taken from phraseological and explanatory dictionaries of the Russian and Chinese languages: Dictionary of the Russian language edited by A.P. Evgenieva [4], Dmitriev's explanatory dictionary, explanatory dictionary of the Russian language edited by D.N. Ushakov, 现 代 汉 语 词 典 (Russian dictionary of modern Chinese) (2005), 汉 语 大 词 典 (Rus. Big dictionary of Chinese), 辞 海 (Rus. "Sea of words") (2009). The research methodology is based on the dialectical method of cognition. When writing the work, the author used methods of comparison, analysis, synthesis, analogy, generalization. The phraseological Foundation of the Russian and Chinese languages allows us to objectify various features of the discourse of a trade transaction, which are compared in the work of the software in terms of the value characteristics of the two linguistic cultures. Feature matching zones are found in the values: 1) greed to spend money (Rus. "shake over a penny", "for a penny to strangle yourself", Chinese. 一 yīgè qián liùgèzì (Rus. "count coins and images on them"), 抢 钱 虎 qiǎngqián hǔ (Rus. " tiger grabbing money”); 2) accordance of the price and quality of the product (Rus. "for what I bought, for what I sell", Chinese (Rus. "what is the price, such is the product"); 3) focus on your strengths (Rus. "to fill your price", Chinese. 卖力气 màilìqì "try your best", 好卖功 hǎomài gōng (Rus. "good selling skill"). Some phraseological units contain the opposite attitude to social realities in the compared languages. The Russian phraseological units include regret for the unwise spending of money ("someone's money cried", "spend as much as one kopeck") and the assumption of cheap sales in Chinese ( 贱 卖 不 赊 jiànmài bù shē (Rus. "sell cheap"); the desired price for the buyer in Russian "red price" is contrasted with lobbying the buyer's interests in Chinese (顾客之上 gùkè zhīshàng (Rus. "the buyer is always right"). The analysis of the Russian and Chinese proverbs, sayings, and paroemias with the meaning of ‘a trade deal’ allow us to conclude that Russian paroemias have more imaginary images than the Chinese ones, which are characterized by the borrowed images from the European culture. The figurative components of the Chinese and Russian trade proverbs are the concepts of honesty, decency, foresight, consistency, prudence, which possess positive connotations.
ON THE STRUCTURE OF LINKS IN A HYPERTEXTUAL LITERARY WORK
Authors:   Astrakhan State University, MANCHENKO ELENA S. , TORBIK ELENA M. ,   Astrakhan State University, KADYRBIRDIEVA GULFINUR S. ,   Astrakhan State University
Published: August 2021

The article explains the relevance of the research that is determined by the interest of modern linguistics in the study of the author's composition of literary works, which differs from the usual forms of the printed text. The aim of the research is to study the lexical and grammatical features of hypertext by examining the autobiographical novel “My Body" by Shelley Jackson. The material for the research is the hypertext of the autobiographical novel “My Body” by Shelley Jackson, which represents a new electronic form of the novel and is considered to be a lexicographic hypertext. When considering hypertext as a special branching structure of written communication, the definition of "hypertext" is suggested, the main types of hyperlinks presented in the novel under study are considered and illustrated. The analysis of the structure of the hypertext links presentation based on the novel under consideration showed that there are four types of relations between determinative and determinant in external syntagmas: attributive, objective, relational and predicative ones. Syntagmas in hyperlinks are studied according to the types of word combinations: nuclear and non-nuclear word combinations. Hyperlinks in the form of sentences (sentences and quasi-sentences) can also be found in the hypertext. The article analyses lexical and grammatical features of fictional e-hypertext by examining the novel “My Body" by Shelley Jackson. It has been found that relations between language units of different levels within the framework of the hypertext novel are systemic in nature. By using hyperlinks, the author helps the reader generate new ideas, preserving coherence of a literary work.
CLASSIFICATION OF RUSSIAN CULTURE-BOUND TERMS AND THEIR EQUIVALENTS BASED ON THE TRANSLATION OF “QUIET FLOWS THE DON” BY M. A. SHOLOKHOV
Authors:   Astrakhan State University, UZHAKINA SVETLANA S.
Published: August 2021

The classification of Russian culture-bound terms used in the novel “Quiet Flows the Don” by M. A. Sholokhov and in its translation into the English language. The novel “Quiet Flows the Don” by M.A. Sholokhov and its translation into English done by Robert Daglish have served as the source for the research of culture-bound terms. These terms have been classified on the basis of the subject division offered by S. Vlakhov and S. Florin. It is proved that the interest to the study of culture-bound terms is still important. The relevance of the research is determined by the fact that despite numerous research papers in this field the origin, classification and translation of these terms still need some investigation. The aim of the present study is to classify the culture-bound terms taken from the novel “Quiet Flows the Don” by M.A. Sholokhon and its translation into the English language. As a result, there have bben taken 407 samples of the lexical units with a cultural component which were classified according to the subject principal offered by S. Vlakhon and S. Florin. The culture-bound terms have a great influence on a foreign reader as they are cultural units that transmit the information of the daily routine and the historical epoch described in the novel. The culture-bound terms taken from the novel “Quiet Flows the Don” by M.A. Sholokhov and its translation are analyzed and classified. The division of the culture-bound terms according to the subject principal allowed to reveal that most terms refer to the daily routine, social and political life and military terms.
TBL METHOD IN INTENSIVE FOREIGN LANGUAGE EDUCATION SYSTEM AT THE UNIVERSITY
Authors:   Astrakhan State University, FOKINA JULIA M. , PORSHNEVA NADEZHDA V. ,   Astrakhan State University
Published: August 2021

This article discusses the features of the personal-oriented training methodology TBL (Task-Based Learning), which is based on communicative tasks with the aim of immersion in the language environment. The authors of the article emphasize the advantages of the TBL method compared to traditional methods of teaching English in the university system. In the article the features of group work at the lessons of English are revealed and the factors which influence on its efficiency are formulated. The TBL method is actively used by the authors in their work with students of economic specialties, the experience of implementing the method is also reflected in the analysis of one of the communicative situations.
THEMATIC GROUP COLORVIEW IN MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Authors:   Astrakhan State Medical University, BAIDASHEVA E.M.
Published: August 2021

It is proved that there is an increased interest in the study of color in various aspects of science. The relevance of the research is determined by the interest in the problems associated with the theoretical and practical study of terminological word formation of color in medicine. The aim of the present study is to investigate colorview in medical terminology. It is revealed that medical dictionaries contain terms that contain a word that denotes colora coloronym, which is used to clarify and specify the symptom, sign designated by the term. Consequently, a thematic range of chemical elements is considered, indicating the name of color shades, types of medicinal plants and their colors. It is analyzed that medical terms with a coloronym have a number of features, such as the duration of functioning, participation in the creation of new terms. It is revealed that the thematic group of coloronyms in folk names of medicinal plants indicate the color, appearance (white spots on prickly green leaves) and the valuable medicinal properties of this plant. It is considered that in modern linguistics, the dynamics of the surrounding world is also manifested in the emergence of new associations associated with a certain term of color, which leaves an imprint on its meaning. Thematic groups of chemical elements, substances, minerals and acids with coloronyms indicating the name of color shades are analyzed. It was found that each coloronym denotes its own thematic series and has a number of features in medical terminology. Thematic group colorview has characteristic symptoms and signs of disease. As a result of the analysis of the content of coloristic names, the following thematic groups were identified, differentiated on the basis of the spheres of functioning of the term: names of internal diseases; names of skin diseases; names of plants; names and colors of chemical elements; blood analysis.
FIGURATIVE SIGNS IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE HUSBAND CONCEPT
Authors:   Military Academy of Logistics named after Army General A.V. Khrulev, KISELEVA ANASTASIA M.
Published: August 2021

Cognitive linguistics, which is booming today, addresses the topic of the study of concepts and their structures. The purpose of this article is to describe the figurative features of the husband concept in the Russian language picture of the world. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the concepts that form the key macroconcept of a person in Russian and other language pictures of the world were not the subject of a detailed study. Scientific novelty consists in referring to the concept of a husband from the perspective of a comprehensive study of his figurative features within the framework of the theory of codes of Russian linguistic culture. The husband concept was not the subject of a separate study in linguistic literature. Basic research methods: descriptive, interpretative and conceptual. The research material was taken from the National Corps of the Russian Language (www.ruscorpora.ru), as well as from works of Russian classics. As the research material showed, the most productive are zoomorphic, artifact, property, anthropomorphic and vegetative codes of Russian linguistic culture. This conclusion is made on the basis of the number of examples objectifying the corresponding cognitive characteristics.
ABSTRACT SUBSTANTIVES WITH THE SUFFIX -ОСТ`- IN N.N. STRAKHOV`S LITERARY CRITICISM
Authors:   Belgorod State University, OKUNEVA ANNA A. , PLOTNIKOVA LARISA I. ,   Belgorod State University
Published: August 2021

The article analyses abstract nouns with the suffix -ост`- in N.N. Strakhov`s literary criticism. The variety of abstract substances allows to consider them one of the dominant of the critic`s idiostyle. The active use of abstract words is associated with the main tasks of literary criticism - to provide all necessary information, to assess any phenomenon and to have a certain impact on the reader.
DEMOGRAPHIC HISTORY OF THE USSR IN THE 1920-1930S: ON THE PROBLEM OF MODERN HISTORIOGRAPHY
Authors:   Gorodovikov Kalmyk State University, BADMAEVA EKATERINA N. , OMAKAEVA ELLARA U. ,   Gorodovikov Kalmyk State University
Published: August 2021

The article discusses the main trends in the formation and development of a new direction of historical science - historical demography. The purpose of the article is to review scientific papers related to the study of the stated issues. Their general characteristics are given, and key issues are highlighted. The role and significance of socio - historical factors in the demographic process of the first half of the XX century in different regions of the USSR on the example of Kalmykia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan are revealed. A historiographical assessment of losses during the demographic crisis in the USSR in the first half of the 1930s is given.
LANGUAGE POLICY OF UKRAINE IN THE SOUTH AND EAST OF THE COUNTRY AS A METHOD OF ETHNOCRACY
Authors:   Kuban State University, KOSTENKO YULIA V.
Published: August 2021

The author characterizes the language policy of post-Maidan Ukraine (2014-2020) in the South and East of the country as a method of consolidating ethnocracy in the process of nation-building. An assessment of the state and trends in the historiography of the problem is given. Ethnodemographic changes in the structure of the population, as well as public opinion in the South and East of Ukraine over the period from 1989 to 2020 were revealed. The intentions of the language policy of Ukraine are revealed. The ineffectiveness of international influence to ensure compliance with democratic norms of language policy is noted. Russian Russian language policy is defined as the destruction of institutions of Russian-language education and mass media in the Russian language, the weakening of Russian ethnic identity, carried out by the state authorities of Ukraine. An important factor in de-Russification is the armed conflict in the Donbas, which has become a catalyst for the transition to ethnocracy in Ukraine. At the same time, the unrecognized states in Donbass maintain the equality of languages on their territory. It is concluded that the dual (mixed) identity of residents of the South and East of the country is preserved at the regional and local levels. At the same time, the Russian-speaking community in the South and East of the country remains politically weak and disorganized, and is subject to targeted discrimination. The political consequences of forced ukrainization, as well as resistance to ethnocracy in public opinion and voting in elections, are determined.
TRANSNATIONAL TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS IN THE MIDDLE EAST: HISTORY AND MODERNITY
Authors:   Astrakhan State University, SOSIUK ANNA P.
Published: August 2021

This study analyzes the problem of transnational terrorism from the standpoint of an integrated approach not only through the prism of global socio-economic processes, but also in the context of geopolitical confrontation between different actors, trying to strengthen their positions in the Middle East.The article reveals the concept of «transnational terrorism», analyzes the preconditions for the emergence of terrorist organizations in the Middle East, considers the social base of transnational terrorist organizations on the example of such influential actors of modern terrorism as ISIS, Al-Qaeda,«Muslim Brotherhood». A special place in the article is occupied by the assessment of methods of combating transnational terrorism by the world community. In this regard, a number of declarations and security agreements adopted at the time by major international organizations were analyzed, which allows us to speak about the importance of this issue not only at the regional but also at the global level. Given the complexity of the ongoing processes in the Middle East, the author concludes that even the hypothetical elimination of all radical organizations will not provide a stable situation in the region. Only by eradicating its fundamental preconditions and reasons mentioned in the article, we can expect positive results.
WOMEN IN THE HISTORY OF BUDDHIST CULTURE OF MEDIEVAL JAPAN
Authors:   Kalmyk State University, ULANOV MERGEN S.
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the consideration of the role of women in the history of Buddhist culture in medieval Japan. The article examines the formation of the first female Buddhist monastic community in Japan. It is noted that the formation of the first Buddhist monastic community here was associated with women of Korean origin. A significant role in the institutionalization of Buddhism in Japan and its transformation into the dominant ideology was played by the Japanese empresses, who were impressed by the Buddhist approach to the religious status of women. The Japanese empresses actively supported the construction of Buddhist temples, donated land and significant funds to them. While pursuing a policy of strengthening the Buddhist church, they simultaneously contributed to its centralization and the establishment of strict control over the sangha by the state. The social and confessional status of women in the history of medieval Japan was constantly changing. If, until the end of the Nara period, nuns had the same social and confessional status as monks, then in the Heian era, nuns were removed from government positions and state ceremonies, and in religious treatises the opinion that women could not find salvation until will not be reborn as men. During the Kamakura and Muromachi eras, women again began to play an active role in society, including in religious institutions. During this period, new directions of Buddhism appeared (Amidaism, Soto-Zen, the Nichiren school), in whose doctrines the attitude towards women was more respectful. In the subsequent period, there was an increase in the influence of Confucianism and a weakening of the position of Buddhism in Japanese society, which negatively affected the social status of women and the state of the female monastic community.
BASIC CONCEPTS OF FOREIGN PHILSOPHICAL RUSSIAN STUDIES
Authors:   Kuban Institute of Information Protection, GALUSTYANTS GRIGORY L.
Published: August 2021

This article is devoted to the presentation of the views of foreign philosophers on the problem of spiritual identity and national identity of Russia. The factors that influenced the formation of the worldview of thinkers, historical conditions, as well as identified theoretical, conceptual sources of authors, representatives of foreign philosophy are characterized. The concepts of spiritual identity and national identity of Russia in the works of foreign philosophers are analyzed.The works of the most famous contemporary foreign authors, who primarily develop socio-philosophical and philosophical-political aspects of the Russian national identity, are examined: Z. Brzezinski, R. Pipes, J. P. Scanlan, A. Toynbee, F. Fukuyama, S. Huntington.An analysis of the concepts of Western philosophical Russian studies shows that the key tendency of modern foreign doctrines about Russia is a fundamental refusal to reveal the moment of universality of the idea of Russia. The very need for philosophy, i.e. in the logic and dialectics of the history of Russia is considered not from the standpoint of the reasonable necessity of the concept, but from the point of view of the abstract rational randomness of the empirical phenomena of the historical existence of Russian society and state. The author comes to the conclusion that all the special concepts of the idea of Russia contain a dialectical contradiction and can remove it only in its own logical selfdenial. The latter should become the beginning of a reasonable and integral paradigm of the philosophical understanding of Russia in world history.
DEVELOPMENT OF A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR THE LOCATION OF AN OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION COMPLEX
Authors:   Kuban State Technological University, LITOVKA NATALYA V. , VIDOVSKAYA TAMARA L. ,   Kuban Oil and Gas Company - Ilskiy Refinery LLC
Published: August 2021

This article examines the geographic information system of an oil and gas production enterprise, designed for integrated monitoring of a field and individual oil wells. To solve logistical problems that are relevant both during the operation of existing fields and in the construction of new areas, it is proposed to refine the geographic information system using the method of optimal placement of objects of a spatially distributed complex. One of the promising applications of the geographic information system, which qualitatively increases the efficiency of its use, is its use as part of automatic identification systems and automated synthesis of systems for optimal digital control of spatially distributed dynamic objects.