bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exhaled breath is found to be better than blood samples for determining propofol concentrations in the brain tissues of rats
Authors: Li Xiaoxiao , Chang Pan , Liu Xing , Kang Yi , Zhao Zhongjun , Duan Yixiang , Liu Jin , Zhang Wensheng
Published: January 2024

The correlation between propofol concentration in exhaled breath (C
E) and plasma (C
P) has been well-established, but its applicability for estimating the concentration in brain tissues (C
B) remains unknown. Given the impracticality of directly sampling human brain tissues, rats are commonly used as a pharmacokinetic model due to their similar drug-metabolizing processes to humans. In this study, we measured C
E, C
P, and C
B in mechanically ventilated rats injected with propofol. Exhaled breath samples from the rats were collected every 20 s and analyzed using our team’s developed vacuum ultraviolet time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Additionally, femoral artery blood samples and brain tissue samples at different time points were collected and measured using high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The results demonstrated that propofol concentration in exhaled breath exhibited stronger correlations with that in brain tissues compared to plasma levels, suggesting its potential suitability for reflecting anesthetic action sites’ concentrations and anesthesia titration. Our study provides valuable animal data supporting future clinical applications.
Effect of high-energy Ne ions irradiation on mechanical properties difference between Zr63.5Cu23Al9Fe4.5 metallic glass and crystalline W
Authors: LI 李 Na 娜 , ZHANG 张 Lisong 立松 , ZHANG 张 Xiaonan 小楠 , GONG 宫 Liyue 丽悦 , QIANG 羌 Jianbing 建兵 , MEI 梅 Xianxiu 显秀
Published: January 2024

In this paper, high-energy Ne ions were used to irradiate Zr63.5Cu23Al9Fe4.5 metallic glass (MG) and crystalline W to investigate their difference in mechanical response after irradiation. The results showed that with the irradiation dose increased, the tensile micro-strain increased, nano-hardness increased from 7.11 GPa to 7.90 GPa and 8.62 GPa, Young’s modulus increased, and H
3/E
2 increased which indicating that the plastic deformability decreased in crystalline W. Under the same irradiation conditions, the Zr63.5Cu23Al9Fe4.5 MG still maintained the amorphous structure and became more disordered despite the longer range and stronger displacement damage of Ne ions in Zr63.5Cu23Al9Fe4.5 MG than in crystalline W. Unlike the irradiation hardening and embrittlement behavior of crystalline W, Zr63.5Cu23Al9Fe4.5 MG showed the gradual decrease in hardness from 6.02 GPa to 5.89 GPa and 5.50 GPa, the decrease in modulus and the increase in plastic deformability with the increasing dose. Possibly, the irradiation softening and toughening phenomenon of Zr63.5Cu23Al9Fe4.5 MG could provide new ideas for the design of nuclear materials.
Applications of scanning probe microscopy in neuroscience research
Authors: McRae Danielle M , Leonenko Zoya
Published: January 2024

Scanning probe microscopy techniques allow for label-free high-resolution imaging of cells, tissues, and biomolecules in physiologically relevant conditions. These techniques include atomic force microscopy (AFM), atomic force spectroscopy, and Kelvin probe force microscopy, which enable high resolution imaging, nanomanipulation and measurement of the mechanoelastic properties of neuronal cells, as well as scanning ion conductance microscopy, which combines electrophysiology and imaging in living cells. The combination of scanning probe techniques with optical spectroscopy, such as with AFM-IR and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, allows for the measurement of topographical maps along with chemical identity, enabled by spectroscopy. In this work, we review applications of these techniques to neuroscience research, where they have been used to study the morphology and mechanoelastic properties of neuronal cells and brain tissues, and to study changes in these as a result of chemical or physical stimuli. Cellular membrane models are widely used to investigate the interaction of the neuronal cell membrane with proteins associated with various neurological disorders, where scanning probe microscopy and associated techniques provide significant improvement in the understanding of these processes on a cellular and molecular level.
Potential and applications of auxetic tubular: a review
Authors: Ramezani Mohammad Javad , Rahmani Omid
Published: January 2024

Auxetic materials, possessing a negative Poisson’s ratio, can be arranged in various geometric configurations, such as tubular structures. Unlike conventional materials, which contract in lateral dimensions when stretched longitudinally, auxetic tubular expands in response to applied forces. This comprehensive review article amalgamates the latest experimental data and insights from preceding scholarly works, offering a detailed analysis of the structural design, fabrication processes, and mechanical characteristics of auxetic tubular structures. The review encompasses an analysis of their tensile properties, comparative evaluations with different materials, impact resistance, enhanced bending, and flexibility. Furthermore, the article explores the wide-ranging applications of auxetic tubular in diverse sectors such as automobile manufacturing, aerospace, medicine, and textiles. Furthermore, investigated not only new suggestions and future considerations for the advancement of these materials and structures but also a rigorous examination of the forthcoming and new challenges. This multifaceted approach distinguishes it from prior studies within the same scientific domain.
A review on current development of thermophotovoltaic technology in heat recovery
Authors: Chen Shuni , Guo Yanming , Pan Qinghui , Shuai Yong
Published: January 2024

The burning of fossil fuels in industry results in significant carbon emissions, and the heat generated is often not fully utilized. For high-temperature industries, thermophotovoltaics (TPVs) is an effective method for waste heat recovery. This review covers two aspects of high-efficiency TPV systems and industrial waste heat applications. At the system level, representative results of TPV complete the systems, while selective emitters and photovoltaic cells in the last decade are compiled. The key points of components to improve the energy conversion efficiency are further analyzed, and the related micro/nano-fabrication methods are introduced. At the application level, the feasibility of TPV applications in high-temperature industries is shown from the world waste heat utilization situation. The potential of TPV in waste heat recovery and carbon neutrality is illustrated with the steel industry as an example.
Utilizing PTEN immunohistochemistry as a screening test for Cowden syndrome
Authors: Hartsough Emily , DeSimone Mia S , Lorenzo Mayra E , Dias-Santagata Dora , Nose Vania , Hoang Mai P
Published: January 2024

Objectives

Cowden syndrome (CS) is a multisystem disease with an elevated lifetime risk of internal malignancy. We aim to assess the role of PTEN immunostain as a screening test for CS in a variety of common CS-associated neoplasms, with a particular focus on cutaneous tumors.

Methods

We retrospectively searched for patients meeting criteria for CS and/or demonstrating germline PTEN mutation from 2008 to 2022. We then performed PTEN immunostains on tumors of these patients as well as control cases.

Results

Our study included 30 patients with CS who had a total of 25 CS-associated malignancies (13 thyroid, 8 breast, and 4 endometrial carcinomas). Specifically, there were 11 patients with biopsy-confirmed CS-associated cutaneous neoplasms, including 1 patient with multiple trichilemmomas and 3 with multiple sclerotic fibromas. In total, 45 CS-associated tumors (6 trichilemmomas, 7 sclerotic fibromas, 5 thyroid carcinomas, 18 adenomatous thyroid nodules, 6 breast carcinomas, and 3 endometrial carcinomas) and 31 non-CS cases (9 trichilemmomas, 5 sclerotic fibromas, 8 adenomatous thyroid nodules, and 3 thyroid, 3 breast, and 3 endometrial carcinomas) were available for PTEN immunohistochemical staining. PTEN expression was lost in 43 (96%) of 45 CS-associated lesions and retained in 30 (97%) of 31 sporadic tumors. The overall sensitivity and specificity of PTEN loss of expression as a screening test for CS were 96% and 97%, respectively.

Conclusions

PTEN immunohistochemistry on CS-associated tumors, especially trichilemmomas, can serve as a readily accessible and cost-effective screening test for CS.
Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of genes encoding secretory proteins in Aspergillus oryzae
Authors: Tanaka Mizuki
Published: January 2024

Aspergillus oryzae, also known as the yellow koji mold, produces various hydrolytic enzymes that are widely used in different industries. Its high capacity to produce secretory proteins makes this filamentous fungus a suitable host for heterologous protein production. Amylolytic gene promoter is widely used to express heterologous genes in A. oryzae. The expression of this promoter is strictly regulated by several transcription factors, whose activation involves various factors. Furthermore, the expression levels of amylolytic and heterologous genes are post-transcriptionally regulated by mRNA degradation mechanisms in response to aberrant transcriptional termination or endoplasmic reticulum stress. This review discusses the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms controlling the expression of genes encoding secretory proteins in A. oryzae.
FMAlign2: a novel fast multiple nucleotide sequence alignment method for ultralong datasets
Authors: Zhang Pinglu , Liu Huan , Wei Yanming , Zhai Yixiao , Tian Qinzhong , Zou Quan
Published: January 2024

Motivation

In bioinformatics, multiple sequence alignment (MSA) is a crucial task. However, conventional methods often struggle with aligning ultralong sequences. To address this issue, researchers have designed MSA methods rooted in a vertical division strategy, which segments sequence data for parallel alignment. A prime example of this approach is FMAlign, which utilizes the FM-index to extract common seeds and segment the sequences accordingly.

Results

FMAlign2 leverages the suffix array to identify maximal exact matches, redefining the approach of FMAlign from searching for global chains to partial chains. By using a vertical division strategy, large-scale problem is deconstructed into manageable tasks, enabling parallel execution of subMSA. Furthermore, sequence-profile alignment and refinement are incorporated to concatenate subsets, yielding the final result seamlessly. Compared to FMAlign, FMAlign2 markedly augments the segmentation of sequences and significantly reduces the time while maintaining accuracy, especially on ultralong datasets. Importantly, FMAlign2 enhances existing MSA methods by conferring the capability to handle sequences reaching billions in length within an acceptable time frame.

Availability and implementation

Source code and datasets are available at https://github.com/malabz/FMAlign2 and https://zenodo.org/records/10435770.
Dependence on the crystallographic orientation of Au single crystal surfaces modified with homocysteine toward enantioselective redox reactions
Authors: Oka Sayuki , Kato Masaru , Yoshimoto Soichiro , Yagi Ichizo
Published: January 2024

Effects of enantioselective interactions on redox reactions of chiral molecules were studied using Au single crystal electrodes modified with amino acids. The redox peak current densities of R(+)- or S(−)-N, N-dimethyl-1-ferrocenylethylamine on Au(111) modified with L- or D-homocysteine (L-/D-Hcy) depended on the combination of these chiralities. Hcy/Au(100) showed no dependence on redox peak current densities. The difference in the molecular arrangement of Hcy between Au(111) and Au(100) greatly affects enantioselective redox reactions at the electrode interface.
A new approach to finding overlapping community structure in signed networks based on Neutrosophic theory
Authors: Gholami Maryam , Sheikhahmadi Amir , Khamforoosh Keyhan , Jalili Mahdi , Veisi Farshid
Published: January 2024

One of the longstanding challenges in network science is the identification of overlapping community structures. Real-world networks often exhibit a complex interplay of positive and negative relationships, making the recognition of overlapping communities a crucial area of research. Current community detection methods in signed networks primarily focus on discovering disjoint communities, where each node belongs exclusively to a single community. However, these algorithms often fail to detect overlapping communities, where nodes can belong to multiple communities simultaneously. To address this limitation, we propose a novel approach called Neutrosophic c-means Overlapping Community Detection (NOCD) based on neutrosophic set (NS) theory. By incorporating NS theory, our approach effectively handles the uncertainty associated with ambiguous community boundaries and appropriately handles nodes on the community boundaries and isolated nodes. The NOCD method comprises two phases: firstly, a signed graph convolutional neural network is employed to learn the structural features of the signed network in a lower-dimensional representation; secondly, overlapping communities are detected using the neutrosophic c-means algorithm applied to the embedded network. To evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed NOCD method, we conducted comprehensive experiments on both real and artificial networks. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of NOCD in identifying overlapping communities, outperforming existing methods.

[Received on 3 August 2023; editorial decision on 13 December 2023; accepted on 19 December 2023]
Normalization of FFRCT after surgical unroofing of a myocardial bridge: a case report
Authors: Martens Broes , Michiels Vincent , Argacha Jean-François , Cosyns Bernard
Published: January 2024

Background

Cardiac computed tomography angiography derived fractional flow reserve (FFRCT) is a diastolic measurement and has emerged as a valuable non-invasive alternative to FFR in patients with stable coronary artery disease. It has, unlike FFR during coronary angiography, not been validated for the physiological evaluation of an isolated myocardial bridge (MB) so far.

Case summary

Our patient, previously known with a long myocardial bridge of the mid-segment of the left anterior descending artery, presented with a non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction that was treated by surgical unroofing of the MB. FFRCT after surgery confirms a major amelioration of coronary blood flow.

Discussion

Myocardial bridge may rarely present as a non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. FFRCT has thus far been accepted as a useful diagnostic tool in stable coronary artery disease. Our case report suggests that cardiac computed tomography angiography may be considered a useful technique for anatomical and physiological evaluation of MBs.
Silent struggles to self-manage high blood pressure among deaf sign language users: a qualitative study
Authors: Jeong Ha Na , Lee Kyoung-eun , Kim Hee Jung , Choi Gi Won , Chang Sun Ju
Published: January 2024

Aims

Tailored self-management support of hypertension, considering language and communication, is important for minorities, specifically in the deaf community. However, little is known about the experiences of hypertension self-management in deaf individuals who use sign language. This study aimed to explore the factors and processes of self-management in deaf sign language users with hypertension.

Methods and results

Ten men and women who used sign language participated in this study. Data were collected using in-depth personal interviews conducted in the presence of a sign language interpreter between November 2022 and February 2023. All interviews were recorded and transcribed for conventional content analysis. Qualitative analyses identified four categories related to the self-management of hypertension among participants: personal factors (chronic hand pain, unique language and communication, and efforts to turn crisis into opportunities), family and socioeconomic factors (family support and financial burden of living), challenges (limited health literacy and alienation from health education), and desire for health education considering the deaf community.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that family support, socioeconomic status, hand pain, and health literacy should be considered for the planning and development of health education on self-management of hypertension in deaf individuals. In addition, this health education requires cooperation with qualified sign language interpreters in healthcare settings.
Association of respiratory infections and the impact of vaccinations on cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Rademacher Jessica , Therre Markus , Hinze Christopher Alexander , Buder Felix , Böhm Michael , Welte Tobias
Published: January 2024

Influenza, pneumococcal, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and respiratory syncytial virus infections are important causes of high morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Beyond the burden of infectious diseases, they are also associated with several non-infectious complications like cardiovascular events. A growing body of evidence in prospective studies and meta-analyses has shown the impact of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines on types of cardiovascular outcomes in the general population. Influenza vaccination showed a potential benefit for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases across all ages. A reduced risk of cardiovascular events for individuals aged 65 years and older was associated with pneumococcal vaccination. Despite scientific evidence on the effectiveness, safety, and benefits of the vaccines and recommendations to vaccinate elderly patients and those with risk factors, vaccination rates remain sub-optimal in this population. Doubts about vaccine necessity or efficacy and concerns about possible adverse events in patients and physicians refer to delayed acceptance. Vaccination campaigns targeting increasing professional recommendations and public perceptions should be implemented in the coming years. The aim of this review paper is to summarize the effect of vaccination in the field of cardiovascular disease to achieve a higher vaccination rate in this patient population.
Digest: Rare male offspring highlight an alternative pathway to obligate asexuality
Authors: Roy Scott William
Published: January 2024

Obligate asexuality has arisen many times in eukaryotes, often related to the disrupted function of the core meiotic machinery. For obligately asexual lineages that evolve from facultatively asexual ancestors, there exists another possibility, namely altered regulation of preexisting asexual reproductive processes to produce obligate asexuality. These different pathways leave different signatures in properties of meiosis and recombination that could provide insights into the origin of asexuality. A new study by Molinier et al. (2023) investigates this problem and finds largely typical recombination rates during spermatogenesis of rare, asexually produced sons of obligately asexual Daphnia pulex, suggesting that regulation of reproduction, rather than disruption of meiosis, underpins obligate asexuality in Daphnia.
6. Hannah Arendt
Authors: Akram Sadiya
Published: January 2024

Critiquing the Canon: Political Theory draws upon critical scholarship to bring together diverse ways of thinking about and critiquing key thinkers from the canon of political theory. Each chapter is dedicated to a particular thinker and their work, and encourages students to explore the limitations of the canon and ask important questions about whose views might be marginalized, ignored, or sidelined in the construction of ‘canonical’ thought. Pedagogical features include author tutorial videos and end-of-chapter questions to prompt students to develop their own voice and challenge dominant ideas.
Genome and GWAS analysis identified genes significantly related to phenotypic state of Rhododendron bark
Authors: Ye Qiannan , Zhang Lu , Li Qing , Ji Yaliang , Zhou Yanli , Wu Zhenzhen , Hu Yanting , Ma Yongpeng , Wang Jihua , Zhang Chengjun
Published: January 2024

As an important horticultural plant, Rhododendron is often used in urban greening and landscape design. However, factors such as the high rate of genetic recombination, frequent outcrossing in the wild, weak linkage disequilibrium, and the susceptibility of gene expression to environmental factors limit further exploration of functional genes related to important horticultural traits, and make the breeding of new varieties require a longer time. Therefore, we choose bark as the target trait which is not easily affected by environmental factors, but also has ornamental properties. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) of Rhododendron delavayi (30 samples), R. irroratum (30 samples) and their F1 generation R. agastum (200 samples) was conducted on the roughness of bark phenotypes. Finally, we obtained 2416.31 Gbp of clean data and identified 5 328 800 high-quality SNPs. According to the P-value and the degree of linkage disequilibrium of SNPs, we further identified 4 out of 11 candidate genes that affect bark roughness. The results of gene differential expression analysis further indicated that the expression levels of Rhdel02G0243600 and Rhdel08G0220700 in different bark phenotypes were significantly different. Our study identified functional genes that influence important horticultural traits of Rhododendron, and illustrated the powerful utility and great potential of GWAS in understanding and exploiting wild germplasm genetic resources of Rhododendron.
DNA methylome analysis reveals novel insights into active hypomethylated regulatory mechanisms of temperature-dependent flower opening in Osmanthus fragrans
Authors: Zhong Shiwei , Zhu Huijun , Li Wenle , Wu Dan , Miao Yunfeng , Dong Bin , Wang Yiguang , Xiao Zhen , Fang Qiu , Deng Jinping , Zhao Hongbo
Published: January 2024

Short-term ambient low temperature (ALT) stimulation is necessary for Osmanthus fragrans to facilitate continued flower opening after floral bud development reaches maturity. DNA methylation, a vital epigenetic modification, regulates various biological processes in response to temperature fluctuations. However, its role in temperature-driven flower opening remains elusive. In this study, we identified the pivotal timeframe during which O. fragrans promptly detected temperature cues. Using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing, we explored global DNA hypomethylation during this phase, with the most significant changes occurring in CHH sequence contexts. Auxin transport inhibitor (TIBA) application revealed that ALT-induced endogenous auxin accumulation promoted peduncle elongation. In our mRNA-seq analysis, we discovered that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with hypo-differentially methylated regions (hypo-DMRs) were mainly enriched in auxin and temperature response, RNA processing, and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Transcripts of three DNA demethylase genes (OfROS1a, OfDML3, OfDME) showed upregulation. Furthermore, all DNA methylase genes, except OfCMT2b, also displayed increased expression, specifically with two of them, OfCMT3a and OfCMT1, being associated with hypo-DMRs. Promoter assays showed that OfROS1a, with promoters containing low-temperature- and auxin-responsive elements, were activated by ALT and exogenous IAA at low concentrations but inhibited at high concentrations. Overexpression of OfROS1 reduced endogenous auxin levels but enhanced the expression of genes related to auxin response and spliceosome in petunia. Furthermore, OfROS1 promoted sucrose synthesis in petunia corollas. Our data characterized the rapid response of active DNA hypomethylation to ALT and suggested a possible epiregulation of temperature-dependent flower opening in O. fragrans. This study revealed the pivotal role of DNA hypomethylation in O. fragrans during the ALT-responsive phase before flower opening, involving dynamic DNA demethylation, auxin signaling modulation, and a potential feedback loop between hypomethylation and methylation.
Impact of fishery observer protocol on estimated bycatch rates of marine mammals
Authors: Precoda Kristin , Orphanides Christopher D
Published: January 2024

Managing fishing operations’ threat to marine mammal populations hinges on accurate bycatch estimates, often derived from fishery observer or monitoring programmes. Much global marine mammal bycatch occurs in gillnets, and observer protocols that do not include watching the haulback of gillnets may miss animals that drop out of the net. We investigated whether trips using a fish-focused observer protocol (no requirement to watch the haulback) in US northwestern Atlantic gillnet fisheries from 1994 to 2019 had different observed bycatch rates from trips under a mammal-focused observer protocol (watching the haulbacks) for grey seals (Halichoerus grypus atlantica), harbour seals (Phoca vitulina vitulina), and harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena phocoena). We found that observer protocol was likely to affect observed drop-out and bycatch rates. Under the fish-focused protocol, the ratio of animals removed from the net to those that fell from the net was generally higher than under the mammal-focused protocol, suggesting fish-focused observers missed bycatch that fell. Bycatch rates of animals removed from the net by fishers differed significantly between observer protocols for seals, but not for harbour porpoise, perhaps because of differences in entanglement and manner of decomposition. We estimate bycatch was underreported by 3–25% because of unobserved drop-outs on fish-focused observer protocols.
Bloodstream infections after solid organ transplantation: clinical epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance (2016–21)
Authors: Adelman Max W , Connor Ashton A , Hsu Enshuo , Saharia Ashish , Mobley Constance M , Victor David W , Hobeika Mark J , Lin Jiejian , Grimes Kevin A , Ramos Elizabeth , Pedroza Claudia , Brombosz Elizabeth W , Ghobrial R Mark , Arias Cesar A
Published: January 2024

Background

Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are at risk of bloodstream infections (BSIs) with MDR organisms (MDROs).

Objectives

To describe the epidemiology of BSI in the year after several types of SOT, as well as the prevalence of MDRO infections in this population.

Methods

We conducted a single-centre, retrospective study of kidney, liver, heart, and multi-organ transplantation patients. We examined BSIs ≤1 year from SOT and classified MDRO phenotypes for Staphylococcus aureus, enterococci, Enterobacterales, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida spp. We compared BSI characteristics between SOT types and determined risk factors for 90 day mortality.

Results

We included 2293 patients [1251 (54.6%) kidney, 663 (28.9%) liver, 219 (9.6%) heart and 160 (7.0%) multi-organ transplant]. Overall, 8.5% of patients developed a BSI. BSIs were most common after multi-organ (23.1%) and liver (11.3%) transplantation (P < 0.001). Among 196 patients with BSI, 323 unique isolates were recovered, 147 (45.5%) of which were MDROs. MDROs were most common after liver transplant (53.4%). The most frequent MDROs were VRE (69.8% of enterococci) and ESBL-producing and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (29.2% and 27.2% of Enterobacterales, respectively). Mortality after BSI was 9.7%; VRE was independently associated with mortality (adjusted OR 6.0, 95% CI 1.7–21.3).

Conclusions

BSI incidence after SOT was 8.5%, with a high proportion of MDROs (45.5%), especially after liver transplantation. These data, in conjunction with local antimicrobial resistance patterns and prescribing practices, may help guide empirical antimicrobial selection and stewardship practices after SOT.
Enteric methane emission reduction potential of natural feed supplements in ewe diets
Authors: Roskam Emily , O’Donnell Caroline , Hayes Maria , Kirwan Stuart F , Kenny David A , O’Flaherty Vincent , McGovern Fiona M , Claffey Noel , Waters Sinéad M
Published: January 2024

Research into the potential use of various dietary feed supplements to reduce methane (CH4) production from ruminants has proliferated in recent years. In this study, two 8-wk long experiments were conducted with mature ewes and incorporated the use of a variety of natural dietary feed supplements offered either independently or in combination. Both experiments followed a randomized complete block design. Ewes were offered a basal diet in the form of ad libitum access to grass silage supplemented with 0.5 kg concentrates/ewe/d. The entire daily dietary concentrate allocation, incorporating the respective feed supplement, was offered each morning, and this was followed by the daily silage allocation. In experiment 1, the experimental diets contained 1) no supplementation (CON), 2) Ascophyllum nodosum (SW), 3) A. nodosum extract (EX1), 4) a blend of garlic and citrus extracts (GAR), and 5) a blend of essential oils (EO). In experiment 2, the experimental diets contained 1) no supplementation (CON), 2) A. nodosum extract (EX2), 3) soya oil (SO), and 4) a combination of EX2 and SO (EXSO). Twenty ewes per treatment were individually housed during both experiments. Methane was measured using portable accumulation chambers. Rumen fluid was collected at the end of both experiments for subsequent volatile fatty acid (VFA) and ammonia analyses. Data were analyzed using mixed models ANOVA (PROC MIXED, SAS v9.4). Statistically significant differences between treatment means were considered when P < 0.05. Dry matter intake was not affected by diet in either experiment (P > 0.05). Ewes offered EO tended to have an increased feed:gain ratio relative to CON (P < 0.10) and SO tended to increase the average daily gain (P < 0.10) which resulted in animals having a higher final body weight (P < 0.05) than CON. Ewes offered EX1 and SO emitted 9% less CH4 g/d than CON. The only dietary treatment to have an effect on rumen fermentation variables relative to CON was SW, which enhanced total VFA production (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the A. nodosum extract had inconsistent results on CH4 emissions whereby EX1 reduced CH4 g/d while EX2 had no mitigating effect on CH4 production, likely due to the differences in PT content reported for EX1 and EX2. SO was the only dietary feed supplement assessed in the current study that enhanced animal performance whilst mitigating daily CH4 production.
Robotic low anterior resection with complete splenic flexure mobilization and defunctioning left-sided loop colostomy: a case series
Authors: Rutegård Martin , Gerdin Anders , Forssell Jannice , Sjöström Olle , Söderström Andreas , Vinnars Petrus
Published: January 2024

A defunctioning stoma is used to alleviate the consequences of anastomotic leakage after low anterior resection for rectal cancer. A loop ileostomy is often preferred but may lead to dehydration and kidney injury. Here, we present a case series for an alternative: the left-sided loop colostomy. A convenience sample of four patients underwent robotic low anterior resection for rectal cancer. A complete splenic flexure mobilization and a total mesorectal excision were performed. To defunction the anastomosis, the redundant left colon was brought up to a stoma site in the left iliac fossa and matured as a loop colostomy. Two patients experienced minor stoma leaks and one also had a small prolapse, while all patients had their colostomies reversed on average 7 months after surgery without complications. There were no dehydration episodes and creatinine levels remained within baseline levels at end of follow-up (on average 18 months).
Rare pelvic peritoneal defect causing small bowel obstruction in a young female with virgin abdomen
Authors: Deng Yunpeng (Jack) , Baker Emily , Toshniwal Sumeet
Published: January 2024

This case report discusses a 46-year-old female with no prior surgical history who presented with severe abdominal pain and generalized tenderness. She was found to have a small bowel obstruction secondary to internal hernia caused by a rare congenital pelvic peritoneal defect in the Pouch of Douglas. She required diagnostic laparoscopy and repair of the pelvic peritoneal defect. Congenital peritoneal defect is an extremely rare cause of small bowel obstruction but should remain a possible differential diagnosis in patients with virgin abdomen presenting with acute abdominal pain.
Pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumour of the lower back – a rare case and review of the literature
Authors: Neblett Carlos , Appiah Kenneth , Lawrence Tahjeme , Graham Malik , Wilson Daynalee , Thompson Rory
Published: January 2024

Pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumour (PHAT) is a very rare low-grade indeterminate neoplasm of connective and other soft tissue, which is not known to metastasize though local recurrence has been documented. It most commonly presents in the lower extremities, but other anatomical locations have been described. This is the second known case of PHAT from the Caribbean region and adds to the limited reported cases of the condition in the literature.
Bilateral chylothorax following left neck dissection and literature review
Authors: Kimizuka Sachiko , Yamada Hiroyuki , Kawaguchi Koji , Horiuchi Toshikatsu , Takeda Akira , Hamada Yoshiki
Published: January 2024

Chylothorax without chyle cervical leakage after neck dissection it is extremely rare. We report a case of bilateral chylothorax without chyle cervical leakage after left neck dissection, wherein partial left upper jaw resection and left radical neck dissection were performed in a 46-year-old woman who was diagnosed with left upper gingival cancer. The thoracic duct was ligated and cut during surgery and, although no obvious leakage of lymph was observed, dyspnea and cough reflex during deep inhalation were observed from the third postoperative day. Approximately 600 mL of yellowish-white pleural effusion was aspirated during bilateral thoracentesis, and chylothorax was diagnosed based on clinical findings and biochemical analysis results. The patient was put on a low-fat diet on the fourth postoperative day. Pleural effusion disappeared on imaging examination 16 days after thoracentesis.
Using ontology to model time description in historical Chinese texts
Authors: Wang Linxu , Wang Jun , Wei Tong
Published: January 2024

Temporal information plays a crucial role in historical research, as it enables scholars to gain insights into the events and processes that have shaped the past. However, the complexity and diversity of temporal descriptions found in Chinese historical texts pose significant challenges for analyzing and interpreting this information. This article addresses these challenges by introducing the traditional Chinese time ontology (TCT Ontology), which integrates relevant concepts and different timing methods into an ontology. The TCT Ontology comprises four classes, including the TCT Record class, Chinese Calendar class, Historical Interval class, and Person class, to represent time descriptions in Chinese texts. By separating time records and the traditional Chinese calendar, the ontology provides a reference model for understanding time information in Chinese historical archives and serves as a basis for converting those time records to the Gregorian calendar. This accurate conversion is critical for humanistic research in Chinese history, as it enables scholars to engage in meaningful reading, studying, and research of the historical record.
Lymph node-biomimetic scaffold boosts CAR-T therapy against solid tumor
Authors: Liao Ziyan , Jiang Jie , Wu Wei , Shi Jiaqi , Wang Yanfang , Yao Yuejun , Sheng Tao , Liu Feng , Liu Wei , Zhao Peng , Lv Feifei , Sun Jie , Li Hongjun , Gu Zhen
Published: January 2024

The limited infiltration and persistence of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells is primarily responsible for their treatment deficits in solid tumors. Here, we present a three-dimensional scaffold, inspired by the physiological process of T-cell proliferation in lymph nodes. This scaffold gathers the function of loading, delivery, activation and expansion for CAR-T cells to enhance their therapeutic effects on solid tumors. This porous device is made from poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) by a microfluidic technique with the modification of T-cell stimulatory signals, including anti-CD3, anti-CD28 antibodies, as well as cytokines. This scaffold fosters a 50-fold CAR-T cell expansion in vitro and a 15-fold cell expansion in vivo. Particularly, it maintains long-lasting expansion of CAR-T cells for up to 30 days in a cervical tumor model and significantly inhibits the tumor growth. This biomimetic delivery strategy provides a versatile platform of cell delivery and activation for CAR-T cells in treating solid tumors.
Effect of Antibiotic Administration Before Joint Aspiration on Synovial Fluid White Blood Cell Count in Native Joint Septic Arthritis
Authors: Puzzitiello Richard N , Lipson Sophie E , Michaud Robert G , York Benjamin R , Finch Daniel J , Menendez Mariano E , Ryan Scott P , Wurcel Alysse G , Salzler Matthew J
Published: January 2024

Background

This study was performed to assess the impact of preaspiration antibiotics on synovial fluid analysis and timing of operative treatment in native-joint septic arthritis.

Methods

We performed a retrospective record review of adult patients from an urban level 1 trauma center with native joint septic arthritis in 2015–2019, identified by means of codes from the International Classification of Diseases (Ninth Revision and Tenth Revision). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine whether antibiotics were associated with lower synovial fluid white blood cell counts (WBCs), the percentage of polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMNs), and rate of culture positivity. Secondary analysis included time elapsed from aspiration to surgery.

Results

Of the 126 patients with septic joints included, nearly two-thirds (n = 80 [63.5%]) received antibiotics before joint aspiration. The synovial fluid WBC count, percentage of PMNs, and rate of culture positivity were significantly lower in patients who received preaspiration antibiotics than in those who did not (mean WBC count, 51 379.1/μL [standard deviation, 52 576.3/μL] vs 92 162.7/μL [59 330.6/μL], respectively [P < .001]; PMN percentage, 83.6% [20.5%] vs 91.9% [6.0%; P = .01]; and culture positivity, 32.5% vs 59.1% [P = .008]). Multivariable analyses revealed that these associations remained after controlling for potential confounders (change in PMNs, −42 784.60/μL [95% confidence interval, −65 355/μL to −20 213.90/μL [P < .001]; change in PMNs, −7.8% [−13.7% to −1.8%] [P = .01]; odds ratio, 0.39 [.18–.87; P = .02). Patients with a synovial fluid WBC count ≤50 000/μL experienced significant delay in time from joint aspiration to operative intervention (mean [standard deviation], 10.5 [11.3] vs 17.9 [17.2] hours; P = .02).

Conclusions

The administration of antibiotics before joint aspiration for suspected septic arthritis appears to decrease the synovial fluid WBC count, the percentage of PMNs, and the rate of culture positivity. Efforts to limit antibiotic administration before joint aspiration are important to minimize diagnostic dilemmas and circumvent treatment delays.
Development of a Consensus-Based List of Potential Quality Indicators for Fever and Inflammation of Unknown Origin
Authors: Wright William F , Betrains Albrecht , Stelmash Lauren , Mulders-Manders Catharina M , Rovers Chantal P , Vanderschueren Steven , Auwaerter Paul G
Published: January 2024

With a growing emphasis on value-based reimbursement, developing quality indicators for infectious diseases has gained attention. Quality indicators for fever of unknown origin and inflammation of unknown origin are lacking. An assembled group of international experts developed 12 quality measures for these conditions, which could be validated with additional study.
Creation and Validation of an Automated Registry for Outpatient Parenteral Antibiotics
Authors: Canterino Joseph , Malinis Maricar , Liu Jing , Kashyap Nitu , Brandt Cynthia , Justice Amy
Published: January 2024

Existing outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) registries are resource intensive, and OPAT programs struggle to produce objective data to show the value of their work. We describe the building and validation of an automated OPAT registry within our electronic medical record and provide objective data on the value of the program. Variables and outcomes include age, sex, race, ethnicity, primary insurance payor, antibiotic names, infection syndromes treated, discharge disposition, 30-day all-cause readmission and death rates, complications, and an estimate of the hospital days saved. Records for 146 OPAT episodes were reviewed manually to validate the registry. Data were displayed in a dashboard within the electronic medical record. Over the 4-year time frame, our registry collected 3956 unique patients who completed 4710 episodes (approximately 1200 episodes per year). A total of 400 complications during OPAT were identified. All variables had an accuracy of >90% on validation. The OPAT program resulted in a reduction in hospital length of stay by 88 820 days, or roughly 22 000 days per year. We intend our registry to serve as a blueprint for similar OPAT programs with limited administrative resources. Wider application of our system would allow for easier aggregation and comparisons of OPAT practice and address the lack interinstitutional standardization of OPAT data and outcomes.
Gravitational Wave Search through Electromagnetic Telescopes
Authors: Ito Asuka , Kohri Kazunori , Nakayama Kazunori
Published: January 2024

We study the graviton–photon conversion in the magnetic fields of the Earth, the Milky Way, and intergalactic regions. Requiring that the photon flux converted from gravitons does not exceed the observed photon flux with telescopes, we derive upper limits on the stochastic gravitational waves in frequency ranges from 107–1035 Hz. Remarkably, the upper limits on h2ΩGW could be less than unity in the frequency range of 1018–1023 Hz in a specific case. The detection of gravitational waves using telescopes could open up a new avenue for high frequency gravitational wave observations.
Advantages of the Kirkwood–Dirac distribution among general quasi-probabilities on finite-state quantum systems
Authors: Umekawa Shun , Lee Jaeha , Hatano Naomichi
Published: January 2024

We investigate the properties of quasi-joint-probability (QJP) distributions on finite-state quantum systems, especially two- and three-state systems, based on the general framework of quantum/quasi-classical representations. We show that the Kirkwood–Dirac distribution is a prime candidate among the QJP distributions that behave well in view of the following two perspectives: the information contained in the QJP distribution and its affinity to genuine joint-probability distributions. Regarding the first criterion, we show that the Kirkwood–Dirac distributions on two- and three-state quantum systems yield faithful quasi-classical representations of quantum states with a minimal set of observables, namely a pair of two different directions of spin, and thereby point out that in general the imaginary parts of the QJP distributions play essential roles in this respect. As for the second criterion, we prove that the Kirkwood–Dirac distributions on finite-state quantum systems are supported on the product set of the spectra of the quantum observables involved.
Beefing up communication skills of upper-level animal science students
Authors: Norris-Parish Shannon L , Leggette Holli R , Pesl Murphrey Theresa , Parrella Jean A , Richburg Audra , Herring Andy D
Published: January 2024

Animal scientists face an increasing need to communicate with the lay public because of the public’s interest in the origin and production of animal-sourced foods. Consumers’ increased interest infers a critical need for effective communication skills among animal science graduates. Effective communication skills are mandatory if students are to explain scientific information and mitigate misinformation about livestock production. The purpose of our study was to investigate the communication styles and communication effectiveness of upper-level animal science students enrolled in a beef cattle production and management course at Texas A&M University across five semesters (N = 241; spring 2018 = 61, summer 2018 = 15, Fall 2018 = 54, spring 2019 = 55, and fall 2019 = 56). Male animal science students (n = 25; 32.9%) preferred assertive and direct communication (a driver communication style) and female students (n = 32; 19.4%) preferred collaborative and accommodating communication (an amiable communication style). Students were moderately experienced with beef cattle production (M = 3.09, SD = 1.07) before enrolling in the course; however, former beef cattle experiences did not influence their preferred communication style [F(10, 230) = 0.36, P = 0.96]. Researchers also observed students’ communication skills during an end-of-semester beef cattle production and management project presentation and identified strengths and weaknesses. Students demonstrated strong, in-depth animal industry knowledge, an ability to connect beef production techniques to management success, and critical thinking skills when answering questions. Oral communication skills warranting improvement included integrating visual aids and/or visual slides to support findings, using improved stage presence and confidence, and sharing responsibilities when presenting as a team. Finally, completion of a supplemental communication training module, intended to develop oral communication skills, significantly improved [F(1, 55) = 4.16, P = 0.046] students’ beef cattle production and management project presentation scores. As students become aware of their communication preferences and tendencies, they become equipped to adjust their communication practices and techniques when needed. Through this study, we gained insight into students’ communication tendencies and skills, which can be used to provide curricular recommendations and enhance students’ workforce readiness.
Root Exudates Metabolic Profiling Confirms Distinct Defense Mechanisms Between Cultivars and Treatments with Beneficial Microorganisms and Phosphonate Salts Against Verticillium Wilt in Olive Trees
Authors: Llorens Eugenio , López-Moral Ana , Agustí-Brisach Carlos
Published: January 2024

Root exudates play a key role in the life cycle of Verticillium dahliae, the causal agent of Verticillium wilt diseases, because they induce microsclerotia germination to initiate plant infection through the roots. In olive plants, the genotype and the application of biological control agents (BCAs) or phosphonate salts influence the ability of root exudates to decrease V. dahliae viability. Understanding the chemical composition of root exudates could provide new insights into the mechanisms of olive plant defense against V. dahliae. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to analyze the metabolomic profiles of root exudates collected from the olive cultivars Arbequina, Frantoio, and Picual subjected to treatment with BCAs ( Aureobasidium pullulans AP08, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PAB-024) or phosphonate salts (copper phosphite, potassium phosphite). These treatments were selected due to their effectiveness as inducers of resistance against Verticillium wilt in olive plants. Our metabolomic analysis revealed that the olive cultivars exhibited differences in root exudates, which could be related to the different degrees of susceptibility to V. dahliae. The composition of root exudates also changed with the application of BCAs or phosphonate fertilizer, highlighting the complex and dynamic nature of the interactions between olive cultivars and treatments preventing V. dahliae infections. Thus, the identification of genotype-specific metabolic changes and specific metabolites induced by these treatments emphasizes the potential of resistance inducers for enhancing plant defense and promoting the growth of beneficial microorganisms.