bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mangrove Ecosystems: A Promising Source of Novel Antibiotics and Their Ecological and Human Health Significance
Authors: Sarma Tanmay , Bhagawati Hrishikesh , Sarma Mrinal Kashyap , Sarma Sourin , Pathak Bhaskar Jyoti , Nath Debabrata , Das Sumanjit , Singh Rajkumar , Hazarika Nilutpal , Rahman Rakibur , Bania Tina , Kapil Manas Jyoti , Sharma Neelakshi
Published: February 2025

Mangrove forests, resilient ecosystems flourishing along tropical coastlines in response torising sea levels, derive a diverse array of physical, chemical, and biological attributes fromboth the ocean and adjacent highland forests characterized by estuarial trees. Serving asecotones bridging the interface between land and sea, mangrove swamps exhibit horizontaland vertical stratification between forest cover and underlying soil. Phytochemical analysisreveals the presence of terpenoids, tannins, steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins as theprimary compounds in mangroves. Given their rich chemical composition, mangroves holdimmense potential for the development of health-enhancing products and medicinalcompounds targeting a wide range of diseases. In recent times, recognition of the ecologicalsignificance and human benefits offered by mangroves has grown considerably, particularlyin light of the antibiotics and therapeutic substances derived from these ecosystems.Nevertheless, certain aspects of the current system remain unclear, such as the distribution ofantagonistic actinomycetes
Peeling Back Immunity: Citrus Peel Extract as A Potential Natural Immunomodulator for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Alaydrus Hasan Shodiq , Alaydrus Ali Akbar
Published: February 2025

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation and dysregulation of the immune system. Current treatments for SLE often involve general immunosuppressants and antimalarial medications, which can have significant side effects and may not be effective for all patients. This has led researchers to explore alternative therapeutic options, including natural compounds with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Citrus peel extract has emerged as a promising candidate for SLE treatment due to its rich content of bioactive compounds, mainly polyphenols. In various studies, various studies have shown that these compounds possess potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. This study investigated Citrus peel extract’s anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from SLE patients. PBMCs from ANA-positive SLE patients were treated with Citrus peel extract at 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL. Flow cytometry was used to analyze Th1 (CD4+IFNγ+), Th17 (CD4+IL17A+), and Treg (CD4+CD25+Foxp3+) cell populations. Citrus peel extract significantly decreased Th1 and Th17 cells while increasing Treg cells dose-dependently by inducing interleukin-10 anti-inflammatory cytokine. At 100 μg/mL, the extract reduced Th1 cells from 12.70 to 7.83 % and Th17 cells from 18.47 to 11.67 % while increasing Treg cells from 0.14 to 3.67 %. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, which likely mediate these immunomodulatory effects through suppression of inflammatory cytokines and transcription factors. These results suggest Citrus peel extract can help restore immune balance in SLE by suppressing pathogenic Th1/Th17 responses and promoting regulatory T cells and IL-10. The extract shows promise as a potential natural immunomodulatory adjuvant therapy for autoimmune conditions like SLE. Further research is needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and evaluate clinical efficacy.
HIGHLIGHTS

Citrus peel extract significantly modulates immune cell populations in SLE patients by decreasing pro-inflammatory, Th1 and Th17 cells.
Citrus peel extract regulates immune responses in SLE by upregulating regulatory T cells.
Immunomodulatory effects are likely mediated by flavonoids present in the extract.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation in Uppsala University Hospital 2009–2023: outcomes and temporal trends
Authors: De Wilde Elisa , Olivetti Leonardo , James Stefan , Christersson Christina , Buccheri Sergio , Lindblom Rickard , Amin Azad , Sarno Giovanna
Published: February 2025

Background: In recent years, transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has rapidly emerged as a key treatment option for aortic stenosis. TAVI has been performed at Uppsala University Hospital since 2009. Data on TAVI procedures have been collected in a nation-wide all-comer registry, the Swedish Transcatheter Cardiac Intervention Registry (SWENTRY). However, only limited analysis has been conducted on trends in short- and long-term outcomes of TAVI patients in Sweden.
Methods: This registry-based cohort study aims to evaluate outcome trends and long-term prognosis in patients who underwent TAVI in a Swedish single center between 2009 and 2023. Survival outcomes were studied using the Kaplan–Meier method. Cox Proportional Hazards models were used to adjust for differences in patient characteristics over time.
Results: In total, 1,741 TAVI procedures were performed between 2009 and 2023. Immediate procedural mortality and 1-year mortality averaged at 0.9 and 8.1%, respectively. Both procedural and long-term mortality showed a decreasing trend over time. Similar results were observed when controlling for comorbidities and age.
Conclusions: Short-term outcomes and long-term prognosis have been constantly improving for patients undergoing TAVI within this study. Similar mortality and complication trends have been observed in other registry studies. These trends may be attributed to improvements in the quality of care, and the increased use of TAVI in lower risk patients.
Behavioral Insights in Banking: Managing Credit Risk and Enhancing Fraud Control Mechanisms
Authors: Naga Ramesh Palakurti
Published: February 2025

The banking sector has seen significant advancements in managing credit risk and controlling fraud, with behavioral insights playing a pivotal role in transforming risk management frameworks. This paper explores how behavioral economics and data-driven technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), can enhance credit risk assessment and fraud detection mechanisms. By combining traditional risk management practices with insights from human behavior and predictive analytics, financial institutions can improve their ability to identify potential fraud and manage risks more effectively. This article also discusses the integration of AI/ML in Business Rules Management Systems (BRMS) for automating decision-making processes and the importance of data visualization in financial crime detection. Through a comprehensive review of existing methodologies and frameworks, we examine their impact on improving banking operations, reducing financial losses, and enhancing compliance. The paper concludes with future research directions and the potential of behavioral insights in shaping the future of banking risk management
LA FORMACIÓN DE LA COMPETENCIA LITERARIA
Authors: Tiza Mileidy
Published: February 2025

Los estudios realizados en torno a la competencia literaria la identifican solo con la literatura artística, ponderan que el lector sea capaz de descubrir lo estético, artístico y demuestre, entonces, sus saberes con énfasis en la percepción y producción crítica de este tipo de texto. Para el logro de esta competencia, esta investigación ofrece un grupo de recomendaciones didácticas que constituyen procedimientos a tener en cuenta en el proceso de formación de las destrezas para la codificación y decodificación de los textos, teniendo en cuenta una conceptualización más amplia, que abarca el saber leer y comprender todas las tipologías textuales. El estudio permite un proceder que permite preparar mejor a los docentes para dirigir el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de la lectura y comprensión de las tipologías textuales. Se ha investigado con la utilización de los métodos Histórico-Lógico, Analítico-Sintético e.Inductivo-deductivo .Con las orientaciones metodológicas que emanan de la investigación se pretende incidir en la formación de la competencia literaria de los estudiantes, formando a un lector inteligente y crítico de los textos que consulta. Además, por necesidades de la investigación se reconceptualiza el concepto de competencia literaria.
PERIODISMO DIGITAL APLICADO A LA DIVULGACIÓN DE CONTENIDOS Y ACTIVIDADES EN CENTROS EDUCATIVOS
Authors: Fossatti Zenaida
Published: February 2025

El periodismo Digital posee innumerables herramientas que permiten mejorar la comunicación, aún más para un sector importante, como lo es las comunidades educativas, los sitios web son una de virtudes con las que cuenta el periodismo para su desarrollo y acercamiento en la época digital. El informar y estar informados en un derecho de todos los seres humanos, aún más de los estudiantes que son el futuro de un país. La pandemia de la COVID-19 llego abrir una puerta de acceso digital a las instituciones educativas, las posibilidades de mejorar son infinitas y la creación de un sitio web puede ayudar a optimizar la educación y comunicación con la comunidad educativa. Vincular a los docentes, estudiantes y padres de familia a herramientas digitales que nunca habían utilizado para mantener una comunicación más factible, cuando la presencialidad estaba limitada. La pandemia nos dejó en claro la importancia de que los docentes estén actualizados y dominen todos los temas tecnológicos para adaptarse a las Tics y así mejorar la calidad de la educación en Panamá.
EMPLEO DE TECNOLOGÍA Y REDES SOCIALES EN OFICINAS DE RELACIONES PÚBLICAS DEL SECTOR PÚBLICO PANAMEÑO
Authors: De De La Cruz Enereida
Published: February 2025

El objetivo de este artículo es conocer el uso y la manera en que las oficinas de Relaciones Públicas y comunicación del Sector Público Panameño están utilizando la tecnología y las redes sociales. Para ello se realizó una encuesta a una muestra de 23 Instituciones del Sector Público. La muestra se obtuvo utilizando el criterio no probabilístico o de conveniencia[1]. El formulario fue diseñado y remitido online, a través de Google Forms de Google Drive y constó de 7 preguntas cerradas, 3 mixtas y 4 abiertas. La misma fue aplicada del 16 al 30 de marzo de 2024. La consulta realizada evidenció que la totalidad de las instituciones encuestadas utilizan las redes sociales más populares y comúnmente utilizadas, además con una satisfactoria frecuencia de actualización. De igual forma, las instituciones participantes en la muestra manifestaron contar con una buena percepción con respecto a la utilización de las redes sociales y herramientas tecnológicas. Destacaron tener algunos desafíos como es el caso de no contar con el presupuesto, las herramientas y el personal necesario para un desempeño ideal.La investigación resaltó un nivel apropiado de adaptación de las instituciones investigadas a los cambios tecnológicos y el aprovechamiento de   las herramientas tecnológicas en su beneficio. A pesar de ello, se evidenciaron algunos aspectos en los que es necesario trabajar para que dichas oficinas enfrenten con eficiencia los nuevos retos de la era digital. Entre estos retos se destaca la necesidad de trabajar en procedimientos y manuales de manejo de crisis reputacional.
RESEARCH ON FACTORS INFLUENCING THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE VALUE SYSTEM IN YOUNG STUDENTS
Authors: Jabbarov Rashid , Mustafayev Mushvig
Published: February 2025

The article analyzes values ​​as a contradictory and ambiguous concept. Various and alternative concepts devoted to this problem are classified, and approaches to the study of values ​​in modern psychology are grouped according to various criteria. At the same time, the article notes that the existing approaches to values ​​indicate that the value system has a different structure, and each of them has its own place in psychological research. In conclusion, it is noted that although there are different views among authors regarding the concept of values ​​and its content, most researchers believe that values ​​play an important role in the structure of personality and the regulation of its behavior. Experimental research shows that with age, the process of transformation of values ​​takes shape in a specific direction. If in earlier age periods the reasons for evaluating moral actions were conditioned by various factors, in later age periods students associated the idea of ​​​​the wrongness of these or other moral actions with specific reasons. The results of the study showed that while friendship and justice were more important for boys than for girls, girls gave more preference to values ​​​​such as money and fame. The obtained result shows that the correct assessment of values ​​depends on the students’ worldview, intellectual level and sphere of knowledge.
Comparison of Induction at 40+10 Weeks with Induction at 40 weeks for Caesarean Section Rate and Perinatal Outcome in Postdate Pregnanciess
Authors: Yasmeen Almas , Aslam Rakhshanda , . Fareeha , Malik Laraib , Shafaqat Hira , Tariq Sana
Published: February 2025

Objective: To compare caesarean section rate and perinatal outcome among women with postdate pregnancies having one previous scar induced at 40+10 weeks and 40 weeks
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study Obstetrics department, Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, Pakistan from Jan to Jun 2022
Methodology:  The study was conducted on women with one previous scar who were booked cases in our department and did not have spontaneous vaginal delivery till 40 weeks of gestation. They were divided into two groups. One group had an induction of labor at 40 weeks, while the other had an induction at 40+10 weeks. Clinical parameters like rate of Caesarean section for delivery, meconium aspiration, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and meconium-stained liquor were compared in both groups.
Results A total of 413 women with one previous scar and post-dated pregnancies were recruited for this study. Two groups were made for comparison. 182(44.1%) mothers had induction at 40 weeks, while 231(55.9%) had induction at 40+10 weeks. 208(50.3%) had a vaginal birth after the caesarean section, while 205(49.7%) underwent a Caesarean section. Statistical analysis revealed that more caesarean rate, meconium aspiration, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and meconium-stained liquor were found in the 40+10 weeks group (p-value<0.05).
Conclusion Induction at 40 weeks turned out to be a better option in women with postdate pregnancies when compared to induction at 40+10 weeks in terms of rate of Caesarean section, meconium aspiration, meconium stained liquor, and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
An Unusual Case of an Intraperitoneal Foreign Body
Authors: Khalid Shazra , Malik Arslan Sharif , Tahir Kheli Muhammad Uzair ilyas , Hussain Aamir , Afzal Hasnain , Baksh Sadia Allah
Published: February 2025

We report a case of an intraperitoneal foreign body lodged in the rectum by the patient. Our patient was a 42-year-old male, who presented within 48 hours of inserting the event. Radiologically, pneumoperitoneum was present but intraoperatively, no gut perforation was found. This study aims to report managing such a case while emphasizing the possibility of concealed gut perforation. We want to emphasize the importance of a surgeon demonstrating compassion while collecting claims of such nature, owing to the numerous associated social taboos. It is observed that patients insert objects through the rectum for sexual gratification, however, during history taking they tend to deny it. This case highlights the delayed nature of presentation in a case that needed a crucial multidisciplinary approach for management
Vitamin B 12 Deficiency Among Depressive Patients Presenting in Tertiary Care Hospital of Karachi
Authors: Ijaz Saman , Rauf Shahzad , Zubair Usama Bin , Iqbal Fariha , Iqbal Waleed , Nasir Zeeshan
Published: February 2025

Objective: To determine the frequency of deficiency of levels of vitamin B12 among depressed patients presenting in tertiary care hospital.
Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Pakistan Naval Ship Shifa Hospital, Karachi Pakistan, from Jun to Dec 2022.
Methodology: The clinically diagnosed depressed patients aged 18 to 90 years after ERC approval were included. The inclusion criteria was clinical depressive symptoms, single and multiple episodes, and scoring of more than 10 on the Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM-D). After consent, a blood sample was sent for serum vitamin B12 levels. Levels less than 200 pg/ml were considered as deficient.
Result: The mean age for the study population was 46.82±15.64 years. 39(19.5%) of the patients were aged more than 55 years. The majority, 112(56%), were females; 121(60.5%) had no known psychiatric co-morbid; 115(57.5%) had no known medical co-morbid; 128(64%) had vitamin B12 deficiency; 128(64%) were diagnosed one year or more and 111(55.5%) were on oral vitamin B12 supplements. 67(33.5%) had serum vitamin B12 deficiency. 128(64%) were currently depressed; 130(65%) had HAM scores greater than 10.
Conclusion: Our study has shown high vitamin B12 deficiency in depressive patients. It was shown to be significantly associated with female gender, age >30 years, co-existing psychiatric illness, disease duration greater than 1 year, Hamilton Rating Score >10, and multiple episodes.
The Effects of Biological Augmentation with Platelet-Rich Plasma on Graft Healing and Clinical Outcomes in Arthroscopic Assisted Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Qureshi Bilal Ahmad , Rathore Muhammad Omar , Hussain Asad Moiz
Published: February 2025

Objective: To evaluate the clinical and radiological effects of platelet-rich plasma on graft maturation applied during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with bone–patellar-tendon–bone autograft.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi, Pakistan from Oct 2022 to Sep 2023.
Methodology: A total of 40 patients, aged 18 to 50 years, with unstable symptomatic knee and complete anterior cruciate ligament tear, were sequentially enrolled into two groups. Arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with patellar tendon autograft was conducted on all knees using the same protocol with the addition of platelet-rich plasma to the graft in Group A (PRP Group), and no PRP was added in Group B (control group). Follow-up visits occurred postoperatively every 4 weeks. The IKDC Scoring Scale and Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale were included to compare functional status, and an MRI was conducted 3 and 6 months after surgery to assess graft maturation.
Results: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with the use of platelet-rich plasma achieves more diffusely hyperintense grafts assessed by MRI at 3 and 6 months, compared to anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction without platelet-rich plasma. At 3 and 6 months, 5(25%) and 9(45%) grafts were diffusely hyperintense in PRP group (p=0.03. p=0.04). Moreover, the platelet-rich plasma group showed a statistically significant improvement in clinical score at 3-month intervals only with mean IKDC Score being 66.9±4.8 (p=0.001) and mean Lysholm Score being 70.0±6.8 (p=0.01).
Conclusion: Patellar tendon graft remodeling seems to be accelerated by platelet-rich plasma, but has only short-term
Outcome Analysis of APACHE-II Scoring System in Predicting 30 Days Mortality in Acute Pancreatitis in Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Leghari Muhammad Ajmal , Waseem Ahmed Khan  , Ashraf Imran , Hameed Abdul , Tariq Ahmad , Nagra Muhammad Bilal Sikandar
Published: February 2025

Objective: To evaluate outcome analysis of Apache-II scoring system in predicting 30 days mortality in acute pancreatitis in tertiary care hospital.
Study Design: Prospective longitudinal study.
Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi, Pakistan from August 2023 and December 2023.
Methodology: One hundred patients with acute pancreatitis were examined retrospectively. Individuals who met the Ranson criteria or were hospitalized for>2 months were chosen. Mortality, organ failure, and pancreatic necrosis were the primary outcome measures. On the other hand, the occurrence of organ failure was analyzed with a score of Apache II at admission to the hospital.
Results: The 48-hour score was significantly correlated with organ failure (p=0.001), pancreatic necrosis (p<0.01), and mortality (p<0.01). In contrast, organ failure was the only factor with which the score at admission had a significant relationship (p=.007). A fatal outcome had a considerable connection (p=.03) with declining scores over 48 hours. The overall score of Apache II was substantially higher in non-survivors (p<.001) and was highly correlated with organ failure (p<.001) and pancreatic necrosis (p=.001). In contrast to 74% based on the admission score, 92% of patients had their outcomes correctly predicted by the 48-hour and combined scores.
Conclusion: The 48-hour score has a better prognostic value than the admission score in predicting which individuals with severe acute pancreatitis will have a poor prognosis. A declining APACHE II score 48 hours after admission identifies individuals who are at risk for negative results.
Identification of Clinical Markers Associated with Cholesteatoma in Patients of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media
Authors: Azhar Hareem , Manzoor Faisal , Riaz Naeem , Haleem Uswah , Alvie Maheen , Farooq Shahid
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Objective: To assess the importance of different clinical markers in predicting the presence of cholesteatoma in patients of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: ENT Department, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan from Jul 2023 to Jan 2024.
Methodology: Patients who presented with chronic ear discharge along with the presence of clinical markers suggestive of cholesteatoma were evaluated thoroughly with the aid of detailed examination through an otoscope and microscope. Hearing loss was evaluated by tuning fork tests and Pure Tone Audiometry. All the patients included underwent a resolution CT scan of the temporal bone and subsequent mastoid exploration to confirm the presence of cholesteatoma.
Results: In totality, 80 patients were evaluated, out of which 27 were females and 53 were males. Thirty-seven had cholesteatoma, and 43 had non-specific inflammation. Out of 37 patients, 12 patients with middle ear polyp (32.5%) had cholesteatoma, 10 patients (27%) with attic perforation (retraction pocket) were diagnosed with cholesteatoma whereas 5(13.5%) with granulation tissue, 7(18.9%) with posterior-superior perforation and 3(8.1%) with non-resolving aural discharge through a central perforation had cholesteatoma as well.
Conclusion: It has been concluded that aural polyps, followed by attic perforations, serve as strong clinical indicators for the presence of cholesteatoma. Recognizing these signs early is essential to make certain timely interventions, preventing long-term complications that could potentially become life-threatening.
Effect of Pulmonary Recruitment Maneuver After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy to Reduce Shoulder Tip Pain
Authors: Sakhizada Fahim , Aqib Muhammad , Malik Tahir Ali Mabroor , Akhtar Fahad , Shah Sajid Ali , Waqar S H
Published: February 2025

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of pulmonary recruitment maneuver (PRM) and passive release of pneumoperitoneum in terms of post-operative shoulder tip pain at 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of General Surgery, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan from Oct 2021 to Sep 2022.
Methodology: For this comparative study, all patients who underwent elective LC were included using convenient sampling. The patients divided into two equal groups by lottery method on the day of surgery. One group received PRM and the other group had passive release of pneumoperitoneum at the end of surgery. Data was recorded in terms of shoulder tip pain using visual analogue scale (VAS) at 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours of surgery, keeping pneumoperitoneum of 15mmHg as fixed variable. SPSS version 25 was used for statistical analysis.
Results: A total of 90 patients were included. There were 33 males (36.7%) and 57(63.3%) females with mean age of 47.49±11.57 years (range from 21 to 75 years). The presence of shoulder tip pain was 67.3% in passive release group and 46.5% in PRM group. The VAS score in PRM group was statistically significant (p=0.000) at 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours after LC.
Conclusion: The PRM reduces shoulder pain in patients after LC and is a better management plan as compared to the passive release of pneumoperitoneum.
Determination of Normal Liver Stiffness Range among Healthy Adults in Pakistan Using Shear Wave Elastography
Authors: Iftikhar Ammara , Slehria Atiq Ur Rehman , Saleem Sultan , Awan Aamir Aslam , Sadiq Nosheen , Abbas Waqas
Published: February 2025

Objective: To determine the reference values of liver stiffness in Pakistan using Shear Wave Elastography in subjects without liver disease, with a range of ages and BMI for both genders and to assess the influence of Hepatic Steatosis on liver stiffness values.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Radiology and Imaging, Rawalpindi Pakistan Aug 2018 to Sep 2019.
Methodology: One hundred twenty-three subjects who underwent Shear Wave Elastography were enrolled. Measurements were taken from the right hepatic lobe, and the median kilopascal value of 10 measurements was taken as the representative value. The reference range of liver stiffness was calculated using upper and lower limits at 97.5 and 2.5 percentiles. The influence of hepatic steatosis age, body mass index, and gender on liver stiffness was also recorded.
Results: The mean age of the subjects was 39.7±12.7 years with a male-to-female ratio of 1.4:1. The Mean liver stiffness value in healthy subjects was 4.90±0.64 kPa. No statistically significant difference was found in the values among various age groups (p=0.013) or the groups based on body mass index, except for the Obese-Group, whose values were considerably higher (p<0.001). Shear Wave Elastography values were significantly influenced by male gender and hepatic steatosis (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Real-time Shear Wave Elastography can be used to estimate liver stiffness reliably. Male gender, obesity, and hepatic steatosis are significant factors affecting liver stiffness in otherwise healthy adults.
Case Study: Speech and Language Recovery in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Shakeel Rimsha , Ahmed Khalil , Mansoor Sahibzada Nasir , Shakeel Maryam
Published: February 2025

We report a unique communication recovery pattern, occurring two-year post-injury in a 40-year-old patient with severe Traumatic Brain Injury, who remained comatose for 3 months. Initially, the patient presented with severe deficits in expressive and receptive language skills, with minimal neologistic verbal output and poor communicative intent. Speech interventions included Language-Activity-Resource-Kit, Sona-Speech and Oro-motor Exercises. Speech therapy was divided into two phases: in Phase-I, interventions used for 3 months followed by Phase-II, in which the speech therapy modalities were customized and added to previous regime, which led to sudden and unanticipated recovery by 25th month post-injury. Over 6 months of speech therapy, patient showed remarkable and unanticipated recovery pattern in communication. Communication skills presentation and improvement over this extended time in Traumatic Brain Injury patients is highly unpredictable but at the same time the potential of human brain and neuroplasticity cannot be undermined. More research is needed for evidence-based practice in speech therapy for severe Traumatic Brain Injury.
Vertebral Osteomyelitis and Associated Stigma of Potts Disease; A Challenge to Diagnosis and Management in Developing World
Authors: Athar Muhammad Hammad , Farid Ummarah Zafar , Shoaib Muhammad Shahbaz , Baqir Khwaja Muhammad , Shamim Babar , Masood Abdullah Bin
Published: February 2025

Our case was a 68-year-old male, known as hypertensive and prediabetic, who presented to the clinic with a two-week history of backache. The general physical and systemic examination was unremarkable except for tenderness at the L2-L3 region of the lower back. Laboratory workup showed markedly increased inflammatory markers along with decreased hemoglobin levels. A contrast-enhanced Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbosacral spine was suggestive of either metastatic or infective etiology involving L2-L3 vertebral bodies. The possibility of metastatic disease was ruled out, and a Percutaneous CT-guided aspiration biopsy was performed. The culture of the discharge revealed the growth of streptococcus. Conservative management was advised and patient was started on IV antibiotics. Soon after, the patient began manifesting signs of deterioration, and contrast-enhanced Magnetic resonance imaging was repeated, suggestive of disease progression. Laminectomy, spinal fixation, and decompression surgery were performed immediately, and the patient was shifted to oral antibiotics postoperatively. Physiotherapy was advised, and the patient recovered without any complications.
Eleições Municipais, partidos políticos e voto indígena
Authors: Silva Raimundo Nonato Pereira da
Published: February 2025

O artigo em pauta versa sobre o comportamento eleitoral dos indígenas nas eleições de 2016 e 2020, na Microrregião do alto Solimões, Amazonas. Centramos análises nos votos creditados às candidaturas para vereador, em destaque, os votos dados a candidaturas indígenas em 09 municípios da referida região. Visando compreender e interpretar a partir do voto o citado comportamento, tomamos como pressuposto a ideia de haver um voto étnico. Para esse fim, coletamos e agregamos dados do TSE/TRE-AM, IBGE, ISA, DISEI e de Mídias digitais com o propósito de termos um quadro para localizar e identificar a população, o eleitorado e os referidos votos.  Amoldamo-nos no paradigma de Cultura Política, bem como nos conceitos de cultura, estrutura e política com o fito de responder a demanda expressa no ato de votar dos indígenas nas urnas eleitorais, e, por fim, concluímos a abordagem lançando perspectivas e desafios em relação ao sentido e ao significado expresso do voto dos indígenas.
“Mambear coca não é pintar a boca de verde”
Authors: Echeverri Juan Alvaro , Pereira Edmundo
Published: February 2025

A variedade ipadu de Erythroxylum coca, uma das espécies cultivadas da planta da coca, é utilizada por um número restrito de grupos na região amazônica. Esses grupos consomem coca na forma de pó de folhas torradas, misturada com cinza de yarumo (Cecropia sp.). Há muita literatura sobre o uso andino da coca, mas, em comparação, muito pouca sobre a sua contraparte amazônica. O uso da coca nessas duas regiões é único na Amazônia como um todo e contrasta com o uso andino da coca, na forma de folhas secas e não pulverizadas que são combinadas com um agente alcalino no momento da ingestão. Aqui nos concentramos no uso amazônico, exploraremos o significado ritual e político da expressão inserida em nosso título “Mambear coca não é pintar a boca de verde”, que reflete uma ideologia sobre o uso desta planta, comum a toda esta região .
The Role of Education, Religion, and Marital Status in Promoting Healthcare Utilisation and Contraceptive Awareness in Rural Ghana: Implications for Policy Interventions and Counselling
Authors: Agyei-Sarpong Kingsley
Published: February 2025

Introduction: This study to explore the interdependent effects of education, religion, and marital status on healthcare utilization and contraceptive awareness in rural Ghana.

Methods: The study took a descriptive cross-sectional approach. Data was collected by questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The study sample was 360 people. Using cluster, systematic, and basic random sampling, we recruited respondents. Chi-square test was used to analysed generational disparities among categorical variables resulting in p < 0.00001. Regression models were employed to explore mediating and moderating effects with Main effect of education: p < 0.00063, Main effect of marital status: p < 0.0147, Interaction term (education × marital status): p < 0.0393. Mediational analysis investigates the effects of religion-mediated education. Employing three-way ANOVA all obtained p-values were < 0.05. Finally, a chi-square test of independence was conducted to analyse generational differences in healthcare utilisation and contraceptive awareness which obtained p < 0.0000566. the analysis was conducted using SPSS 20.

Results: demographically, sample comprised 288 Christians (80.0%) and 72 Muslims (20.0%), with 66.7% having no formal education, 16.7% attaining basic education, and 22.2% completing senior high school or tertiary education. According to the study, religion mediates the relationship between education and contraceptive knowledge, although less than education itself. Regardless of degree, married people use healthcare more. Religion, education, and marital status strongly influence contraceptive attitudes. The survey also shows that younger generations use healthcare and are more aware of contraceptives.

Conclusion: This study has broad implications for improving reproductive health in varied situations. By considering education, religion, marital status, and generational disparities, policymakers and health professionals can create more effective, inclusive, and sustainable interventions. This comprehensive strategy could improve health disparities, empower communities, and promote informed health decision-making.
Anlık Mesajlaşma Uygulamaları ve Kullanımından Kaynaklanan İş Kesintisinin Çalışanların İş Performansı Üzerindeki Etkisi: Havacılık Alanında Bir Uygulama
Authors: Ergeç Mehmet , Aykan Ebru
Published: February 2025

Yakın zaman önce yaşadığımız Covid19 salgını, yüz yüze iletişimin dijital iletişim kanallarına taşınmasına sebep olan en önemli etkenlerden birisidir. Günümüzde en yaygın kullanılan dijital iletişim araçları Whatsapp, Telegram ve Wechat gibi anlık mesajlaşma uygulamaları (AMU) dır. Bu uygulamalar sadece karşılıklı veri akışına değil aynı zamanda çok kullanıcılı bir iletişim ortamına da imkan tanımaktadır. Uygulamaların veri paylaşım hızı ve anlık tepki verme gibi avantajlarının yanı sıra, dikkat dağınıklığı ve işlerin bölünmesi gibi dezavantajlarıda vardır. Literatür incelendiğinde çalışmaların bazılarında bu uygulamalar iş performansını olumlu yönde, bazılarında ise olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmaların belirttiği boşluklardan yola çıkılarak farklı iş kolları ve ülkelerde araştırma yapılması önerisi üzerine Türkiye’de havacılık sektöründe AMU’nun çalışan performansı üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden anket tekniği ile gerçekleştirilen araştırmada AMU’nun Isparta ve çevre illerdeki havacılık çalışanlarının iş performansı üzerindeki etkisi, iş yerinde anlık mesajlaşma uygulaması kullanımı ölçeği, iş kesintisi ölçeği ve iş performansı ölçeği kullanılarak ölçülmüştür. Araştırma örneklemi 251 katılımcıdan oluşmaktadır. Çalışma sonucunda AMU’nun kullanımı ile iş performansı arasında anlamlı ve pozitif yönlü bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Ancak iş kesintisi ve iş performansı arasında bir ilişkiye rastlanmamıştır. Bu durum gelişen teknolojiye paralel olarak örgütlerde sağlıklı bir iletişim altyapısının oluşturulması ile çalışan performansının olumlu yönde etkileneceğini göstermesi bakımından önemli görünmektedir. Araştırma AMU’nun Türkiye’de havacılık sektöründeki etkileri üzerine bir kaynak oluşturacağı için oldukça önemlidir.
Pemanfaatan Ampas Sagu dan Daun Pisang Kering sebagai Media Tanam Jamur Tiram (Pleurotus osteoratus)
Authors: Widayati Okti , Tanduk Mesak , Mual Carolina Diana
Published: February 2025

Jamur tiram merupakan salah satu jenis jamur yang banyak dibudidayakan untuk dikonsumsi masyarakat Indonesia. Jamur tiram umumnya dapat tumbuh pada limbah pertanian yang mengandung selulosa maupun lignin. Kandungan tersebut bisa diperoleh dan terdapat pada bahan yang ada di lingkungan sekitar seperti limbah ampas sagu dan daun pisang kering. Tujuan dari penelitian adalahuntuk mengobservasi pengaruh perbandingan media tanam ampas sagu dengan daun pisang kering terhadap pertumbuhan jamur tiram. Metode kajian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) menggunakan 5 perlakuan dengan 4 ulangan yang terdiri atas P0 (10 kg ampas sagu dan 0 kg daun pisang), P1 (7,5 kg ampas sagu dan 2,5 kg daun pisang), P2 (5 kg ampas sagu dan 5 kg daun pisang), P3 (2,5 kg ampas sagu dan 7,5 kg daun pisang), dan P4 (0 kg ampas sagu dan 10 kg daun pisang). Variabel yang diukur meliputi kecepatan tumbuh miselium, waktu tumbuh pinhead dan jumlah badan buah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbandingan media tanam ampas sagu dan daun pisang kering berpengaruh nyata terhadap kecepatan tumbuh miselium, waktu tumbuh pinhead, dan jumlah badan buah jamur tiram. Hasil terbaik untuk kecepatan tumbuh miselium terdapat pada perlakuan P1 yaitu 12,13 cm/hari, waktu tumbuh pinhead  pada perlakuan P3 yaitu 47,75 HST, dan badan buah terbanyak pada perlakuan P1 yaitu 6,75 badan buah.
Accounting for the black carbon aging process in a two-way coupled meteorology–air quality model
Authors: Jin Yuzhi , Wang Jiandong , Liu Chao , Wong David C. , Sarwar Golam , Fahey Kathleen M. , Wu Shang , Wang Jiaping , Cai Jing , Tian Zeyuan , Zhang Zhouyang , Xing Jia , Ding Aijun , Wang Shuxiao
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) exerts significant impacts on both climate and environment. The BC aging process alters its hygroscopicity and light absorption properties. Current models, like the Weather Research and Forecasting – Community Multiscale Air Quality (WRF-CMAQ) two-way coupled model, inadequately characterize these alterations. In this study, we accounted for the BC aging process in the WRF-CMAQ model (WRF-CMAQ-BCG). We introduced two new species (bare BC and coated BC) into the model and implemented a module to simulate the conversion from bare BC to coated BC, thereby characterizing the aging process. Furthermore, we improved the wet-deposition and aerosol optical modules to analyze the effects of BC aging on hydrophobicity and light absorption. The simulated results indicate a spatial distribution pattern with bare BC prevalent near emission sources and coated BC more common farther from sources. The average number fraction of coated BC (NFcoated) is approximately 57 %. Temporal variation exhibits a distinct diurnal pattern, with NFcoated increasing during the daytime. The spatial distribution of wet deposition varies significantly between bare and coated BC. Bare BC exhibits a point-like deposition pattern, whereas coated BC displays a zonal distribution. Notably, coated BC dominates the BC wet-deposition process. Additionally, incorporating the BC aging process reduces BC wet deposition by 17.7 % and increases BC column concentration by 10.5 %. The simulated mass absorption cross-section (MAC) value improved agreement with observed measurements. Overall, the WRF-CMAQ-BCG model enhances the capability to analyze aging-related variables and the BC mixing state while also improving performance in terms of wet deposition and optical properties.
Contributions of the synoptic meteorology to the seasonal cloud condensation nuclei cycle over the Southern Ocean
Authors: Alinejadtabrizi Tahereh , Huang Yi , Lang Francisco , Siems Steven , Manton Michael , Ackermann Luis , Keywood Melita , Humphries Ruhi , Krummel Paul , Williams Alastair , Ayers Greg
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) play a fundamental role in determining the microphysical properties of low-level clouds that are crucial for defining the energy budget over the Southern Ocean (SO). However, many aspects of the CCN budget over the SO remains poorly understood, including the role of the synoptic meteorology. In this study, we classify six distinct synoptic regimes over the Kennaook / Cape Grim Observatory (CGO) and examine their influence on the seasonal cycle of the CCN concentration (NCCN). Three “winter” regimes are dominant when the subtropical ridge (STR) is strong and centered at lower latitudes, while three “summer” regimes prevail when the STR shifts to higher latitudes. Distinct winter and summer “baseline” synoptic patterns contribute to the seasonal cycle of NCCN, with the winter baseline regime characterized by heavier precipitation (0.10 vs. 0.03 mm h−1), a deeper boundary layer (850 vs. 900 hPa), and lower NCCN (71 vs. 137 cm−3) than the summer one. Across these two baseline regimes, we observe a significant inverse relationship between precipitation and NCCN, underscoring the contribution of precipitation in reducing NCCN over the SO. An analysis of air mass back-trajectories, specifically at the free-troposphere level, supports this seasonal distinction, with wintertime air masses originating more frequently from higher latitudes. The summertime STR is seen as a barrier to Antarctic air masses reaching the latitude of the CGO. Conversely, the summer baseline regime is found to pass more frequently over continental Australia before reaching the CGO, consistent with enhanced radon concentrations.
Investigating the response of China's surface ozone concentration to the future changes of multiple factors
Authors: Yang Jinya , Wang Yutong , Zhang Lei , Zhao Yu
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Climate change and associated human response are supposed to greatly alter surface ozone (O3), an air pollutant generated through photochemical reactions involving both anthropogenic and biogenic precursors. However, a comprehensive evaluation of China's O3 response to these multiple changes has been lacking. We present a modeling framework under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP2-4.5), incorporating future changes in local and foreign anthropogenic emissions, meteorological conditions, and biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions. From the 2020s to 2060s, daily maximum 8 h average (MDA8) O3 concentration is simulated to decline by 7.7 ppb in the warm season (April–September) and 1.1 ppb in the non-warm season (October–March) over the country, with a substantial reduction in exceedances of national O3 standards. Notably, O3 decreases are more pronounced in developed regions such as Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH), the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and the Pearl River Delta (PRD) during the warm season, with reductions of 9.7, 14.8, and 12.5 ppb, respectively. Conversely, in the non-warm season, the MDA8 O3 in BTH and YRD will increase by 5.5 and 3.3 ppb, partly attributed to reduced NOx emissions and thereby a weakened titration effect. O3 pollution will thus expand into the non-warm season in the future. Sensitivity analyses reveal that local emission change will predominantly influence future O3 distribution and magnitude, with contributions from other factors within ±25 %. Furthermore, the joint impact of multiple factors on O3 reduction will be larger than the sum of individual factors, due to changes in the O3 formation regime. This study highlights the necessity of region-specific emission control strategies to mitigate potential O3 increases during the non-warm season and under the climate penalty.
Determining optimal sampling conditions in the TSI Nanometer Aerosol Sampler 3089
Authors: Alinaghipour Behnaz , Niazi Sadegh , Groth Robert , Miljevic Branka , Ristovski Zoran
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Physicochemical characterisation of airborne particles requires appropriate sampling and deposition methods. The TSI Nanometer Aerosol Sampler 3089 (TSI NAS) has predominantly been used as an electrostatic precipitator for depositing airborne particles, enabling subsequent offline characterisation through techniques such as electron microscopy. However, the optimal sampling time of TSI NAS for varying input concentrations has not been thoroughly investigated. This is extremely important as the concentrations of particles in different environments differ significantly. This study aimed to establish the appropriate sampling durations of TSI NAS for various input concentrations or, conversely, to determine suitable input concentrations for a fixed sampling duration. We developed an experimental setup and a linear regression model to predict conditions conducive to efficiently collecting loaded samples, particularly at low concentrations, such as exhaled particles from the human respiratory tract or marine aerosol particles. Experiments were conducted using the TSI NAS 3089 at a flow rate of 1 L min−1 and a voltage of −9 kV. Three particle types, nebulised from different solutions at low, medium, and high concentrations, were sampled over durations of 1, 3, and 6 h. Deposition densities were subsequently analysed using ImageJ software. The findings revealed a linear relationship between deposition density and the product of particle concentration and sampling time, with a recommended density range of 0.015 to 0.1 particles µm−2 for particles with a count median diameter of approximately 100 nm and average circularity of 0.56 ± 0.25. Despite potential factors affecting the accuracy of the model, such as the number of samples, random collisions, and potential overload in high-concentration experiments, it provides a valuable predictive tool for determining optimal sampling times. The suggested linear regression model is applicable across various research areas, enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of airborne particle characterisation.
Uptake of organic vapours and nitric acid on atmospheric freshly nucleated particles
Authors: Knattrup Yosef , Elm Jonas
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Sulfuric acid, ammonia, and amines are believed to be key contributors to the initial steps in new particle formation in the atmosphere. However, other compounds such as organic compounds or nitric acid are believed to be important for further growth at larger sizes. In this study, we investigate the potential uptake of first-generation oxidation products from α-pinene (pinic and pinonic acid) and isoprene (trans-β-IEPOX, β4-ISPOOH, and β1-ISOPOOH), a potential highly oxidised molecule (HOM), formic acid, and nitric acid. The uptake is probed onto (SA)10(base)10 freshly nucleated particles (FNPs), where SA denotes sulfuric acid, and the bases are ammonia (AM), methylamine (MA), dimethylamine (DMA), or trimethylamine (TMA). The addition free energies were calculated at the ωB97X-D3BJ/6-311++G(3df,3pd)//B97-3c level of theory. We find favourable addition free energies of −8 to −10 kcal mol−1 for the HOM, pinic acid, and pinonic acid on the less sterically hindered (SA)10(AM)10 and (SA)10(MA)10 FNPs. This suggests that isoprene oxidation products do not contribute to the early growth of FNPs, but the α-pinene products do, in accordance with their expected volatilities. Calculating the second addition of a pinic acid molecule or pinonic acid molecule on the (SA)10(AM)10 FNPs, we find that pinic acid maintains its large addition free energy decrease due to its two carboxylic acid groups interacting with the other monomer, as well as the FNP. The pinonic-acid addition free energy drops to −3.9 kcal mol−1 due to the weak interactions between the FNP and its carbonyl group and the lack of monomer–monomer interactions. Calculating the addition free energy under realistic atmospheric conditions, we find that the FNPs studied are too small (1.4 nm) to support the growth of the studied uptake monomers. We find that the accretion product pinyl diaterpenylic ester (PDPE; C17H26O8) yields an addition free energy value of −17.1 kcal mol−1. This suggests that PDPE can overcome the strong Kelvin effect of a 1.4 nm FNP and lead to spontaneous uptake under ambient conditions.