bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perpendicular Axis Magnetorheological Finishing of Spherical Optics
Authors: Zhang Yun , Zhao Jing Shan , Wang Yu Yue
Published: December 2012

Magnetorheological Finishing, MRF can achieve deterministic results on different surface shapes such as flat surfaces, spherical surfaces and aspheric surfaces. MRF can also overcome many drawbacks of the conventional polishing process. The schedule uncertainties driven by edge roll and edge control are virtually eliminated with the MRF process. This paper presents a polishing wheel that combines rotation motion with revolution motion while renewing the MR fluid. Stable removal characteristic can be obtained by using the composite-rotation wheel. This paper also presents some recent results of the deterministic finishing typified by the tool and its MR fluid circulation system. An example of finishing a square optical workpiece with spherical surface will be reviewed.
The New Effective Methodology for Prediction and Optimization of Distortion of Large Welded Structures
Authors: Junek Lubomír , Divis Vladimir , Jary Milan , Klaska Petr
Published: December 2012

This paper deals with the new numerical methodology for prediction and optimization distortion of large welded structures. The methodology is presented on the example of fusion vacuum vessel of ITER which will be manufactured by welding. All necessary steps of methodology have been verified and now the methodology is ready for practical application. Application of our methodology leads to improve of knowledge about complex behavior and save time and budget.
Thermal Behavior of Cast Steel Industrially Produced
Authors: Ramírez-López A. , Muñoz-Negron D. , Romero-Hernandez S. , Cruz-Morales V. , Escarela-Perez R.
Published: December 2012

This work is focused to evaluate heat removal simulation on the continuous casting process of stell, which is the most used method to produce big mounts of steel.The understanding of steel thermal behavior is very important in order to control the industrial processing and guarantee steel quality, here different mechanism are involved such as radiation,forced convection and conduction.A finite difference method easy to program is used to solve the simulation.This calculation is also coupled a with virtual kinematics model in order to create a more realistic simulation.Finally computer tools were programmed to save and display graphically the steel thermal behavior.
Effect of Doped Cobalt on Performance of Tungsten Filament
Authors: Wu Shu Zhen , Wang Tie Hu
Published: December 2012

The present article prepared tungsten wire using doped Co, sintering and stretching. By metallographic analysis and mechanical performance test, it discussed the effect of Co on the performance of the seismic tungsten filament. This article studied the effect of additive Cobalt on the ductility, recrystallization temperature and performance of organization on the aseismatic tungsten filament preparation process. It shows that, Co can purify tungsten matrix. Adding Cobalt in doped tungsten can improve the tungsten second recrystallization temperature, and reduce the temperature of plastic-brittle transition. It had a large L/W and small cold-brittleness after annealing, and its seismic performance at high temperature was effectively improved.
A Friction Stir Welding Platform of Thin Plates
Authors: Zhang Jia Liang , Li Bei Zhi , Zhang Xin Chao , Wang Qing Xia
Published: December 2012

Friction stir welding processes involve many variables. Engineers and operators often find it difficult to effectively design or control it. The objective of this work is to develop a friction stir welding platform of thin plates to improve welding quality and to increase production efficiency. The study is conducted by using finite element modeling and temperature field analysis technology to obtain optimization parameters, and using virtual instrument, multi-sensor data fusion to monitor the force of the stirring spindle. Experiment results show that the developed platform can reach the requirements of processing quality and is cost-effective.
Application and Research of the Design Process of Concept A-Surface
Authors: Wang Xi Yuan , Li Ying Jie , Xu Xiaom Wen , Han Jian Chen
Published: December 2012

This paper narrates the basic principle of the computer aided design for car styling and analyzes the current status of building the high-quality surfaces in the computer aided design for car styling and “the basic process model of digital car styling” .to build “the sbasic process model based on CAS digital modeling. It points out the research content and method of the car digital model and provides theoretical basis for the research of the car styling digital model. In the conventional early design of car styling, generally the revision of design schemes consumes much time and energies. Revisions have been continuously made from the initial creative idea to the later clay model before entering into the engineering design. With the rapid development of the computer technology, the digital technology has become the leading one for the car styling development. During the design process, the digital design of car styling has evolved from the rendering into the engineering design. In order to convey the styling idea that expresses in the design sketch in a rapid and accurate way, it requires a clear expression system and based on the system, the digital model is made. Otherwise, even the good modeling technology and the high-quality surfaces become useless without clearly expressing the idea. The computer aided design for car styling is advanced, but there still exist many problems. The paper aims to put forward a rapidly modeling method of high quality car surfaces based on digital modeling and explore its feasibility during the actual application, by analyzing the current status of building the high-quality surfaces in the computer aided design for car styling and the basic process of the computer aided design for car styling and discussing problems existed during the expression of the design, as well as combining other methods of the computer aided design in other fields.
Application of Markov Chain in Organizations
Authors: Hossein Hojjati Seyed Mohammad , Kardan Elaheh
Published: December 2012

Markovian process is one of the processes used worldwide in organizations for a long time. The memorylessness characteristic of markovian process is important to consider. This paper considers the various applications of markov chain in different organizations, both production and service sectors. It is shown that markov chain is used in different branches of activities. Literature review indicates that markov chain is mostly used in inventory control practices, queuing theories, reliability system, design optimization, maintenance practices and quality control systems. In order to make the best decision while facing changes in real world life markov chain is used so that we can optimize the results.
Self-Adapting Intelligent Measurement and Control Processing System Based on 3D Scanning Technology
Authors: Wen Xi Qin , Ren Kun , Ding Xi Jie
Published: December 2012

The measurement-Control-Processing integration is the important embodiment of intelligent NC machining, and also is a sign of NC machining technology from digital to intelligent development. This paper introduces the structure, the characteristics and the engineering application of adaptive intelligent measurement and control processing system based on the 3D scanning technology. It has shown that the system has the important meaning for the process optimization the product quality control.
An Analysis of Agricultural Risk and Intelligent Monitoring Technology
Authors: Kong Fan Tao , Xu Shi Wei , Wang Sheng Wei , Yu Hai Peng
Published: December 2012

This paper analyzed the risk issue in the process of agriculture development, presented the logic relationship among agricultural risk, monitoring, information, entropy and early-warning, and proposed the future development of agricultural intelligent monitoring technology.
Ultrafine Glass Fibers Produced by Centrifugal-Spinneret-Blow Process
Authors: Chen Zhou , Cheng Xue Yu , Chen Zhao Feng , Zhang Juan , Yang Yong , Wang Jian
Published: December 2012

In this paper, glass fibers were prepared by centrifugal-spinneret-blow(CSB)process. The diameter and microstructure of glass fibers have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and vertical optical microscope(VOM).The thermal conductivity and the thickness of glass fiber samples were determined by heat flow meter thermal conductivity instrumentation.The results indicated that the diameter of glass fibers prepared by CSB process can reach the ultrafine grade by adjusting the ratio of raw materials and process parameters.The thermal conductivity of glass fiber sample was 0.0298W/(m·K)when the diameter was 3μm and the density was 62kg/m3.The thermal conductivity of glass fiber sample decreased with the reduction of fiber diameter when the density of glass fiber sample is constant.
Collaborative-Based Framework for Business Workflows Development and Management on the Web Site
Authors: Bargelis Algirdas , Mankute Rasa , Cikotiene Dalia
Published: December 2012

This paper deals with collaborative-based framework for business workflows development and management on the web site (CFBWDM) in global manufacturing environment. The framework has been developed on the collaboration analysis among Lithuanian and European Union industrial companies based on the three type’s knowledge: marketing, products and processes development and products manufacturing. Interacting among developed framework sections by Internet software and interfaces is carried out. The CFBWDM framework has been tested and adopted in some Lithuanian manufacturing companies.
Designing of Intelligent Manufacturing Assembly Cell by Moduls of System Catia and E-Learning Module Creation
Authors: Danišová Nina , Ruzarovsky Roman , Velíšek Karol
Published: December 2012

The objective of this contribution is to present designing individual parts at the intelligent manufacturing assembly cell, which is situated at the Institute Production Systems and Applied Mechanics. These parts were designed at the module of system Catia – Part Design and since were linked from individual parts configuration at the module Assembly Design. From all assembly configuration, parts and materials is created e-learning module for teaching in form of powerpoint presentation.
Sensory System Design as an Implement for the Development of the Intelligent Assembly Cell
Authors: Ružarovský Roman , Danišová Nina , Velíšek Karol
Published: December 2012

Intelligent assembly cell conception includes new solution kind of how to create structures of automated and flexible assembly system. Intelligent behavior of the system as the control system will repose on monitoring of important parameters of the system in the real time. The designed automation sensory equipment provides for automatic monitoring of all automated equipment motions in the first case and in the second important level is important to obtain the information about the status, presence and character of the assembled objects or assembly process. The application of the sensory equipment in the intelligent assembly process is designed on the ground of the sensory object properties of the pneumatic actuator model. In the paper is described the sensor equipment application for the assembly part sorting situated before the input of the object into the assembly process and for the check function of assembly product is designed the combination of sensory equipment.
Developing an Imaging Software for Automated Recycling Processes (Phase 1)
Authors: Simolowo Emmanuel Oluwafunbi , Mousavi Ali
Published: December 2012

Several procedures have been proposed to overcome various challenges of product-content analysis after manufacturing and downstream automated recycling processes. These procedures have been restricted by factors such as the inability to determine exactly the physical state of the hidden parts of End-of-Life products. This inhibition among others has resulted into an explosion of solutions by researchers. This paper presents the initial investigations in the development of imaging software. The software supports a novel method of integrating scanned and digital imaging in material identification to overcome some of the existing shortcomings of automated recycling processes. The description of the software-algorithm structure and its centrality in post-manufacturing and automated recycling processes concludes this paper.
Estimating the Uncertainty of a Multilayer Perceptron Using the Monte Carlo Method
Authors: García Fernández F. , García Esteban L. , de Palacios P. , García-Iruela A. , Cabedo Gallén R.
Published: December 2012

Artificial neural networks have become a powerful modeling tool. However, although they obtain an output with very good accuracy, they provide no information about the uncertainty of the network or its coverage intervals. This study describes the application of the Monte Carlo method to obtain the output uncertainty and coverage intervals of a particular type of artificial neural network: the multilayer perceptron.
Augmented Reality - An Improvement for Computer Integrated Manufacturing
Authors: Bondrea Ioan , Petruse Radu Emanuil
Published: December 2012

In order to be competitive companies evolved towards a Computer-Integrated Manufacturing system. We present in this paper an overview of potential applications of Augmented Reality that can provide positive results to the CIM approach. Also the paper comprises the results regarding how Augmented Reality is successfully tested and implemented on a FESTO assembly line.
The Short-Term Forecast Model of Pork Price Based on CNN-GA
Authors: Li Zhe Min , Xu Shi Wei , Cui Li Guo , Li Gan Qiong , Dong Xiao Xia , Wu Jian Zhai
Published: December 2012

After analyzing and reviewing the short-term forecasting methods research of pork price at home and abroad, a chaotic neural network model based on genetic algorithm (CNN-GA) was put forward according to the nonlinear characteristics of pork price,which established on the base of the chaotic theory and the neural network technology. Chosen the daily retail price data of the pork (streaky pork) from January 1, 2008 to June 11, 2012,we designed the basic structure of CNN-GA, and thentrainedit in order to attain the trained CNN-GA model. Finally, the trained CNN-GA model was used to predict the 20 days’ (from June 12, 2012 to July 1, 2012) retail price of pork (streaky pork) and then compared the predicted price with the real price to test the model’s forecast accuracy and application ability.The result shows that the model has high prediction precision, good fitting effect and hasan important reference and practical significance for the short-term price forecasting of the pork market.
Design and Implementation of Portable Agricultural Product Holographic Market Information Collection Terminal
Authors: Xu Shi Wei , Kong Fan Tao , Li Zhe Min , Li Zhi Qiang , Zhang Yong En , Lv Ying , Tian Zhi Wu , Wang Dong Jie , Yu Hai Peng
Published: December 2012

This paper developed a Portable Agricultural Product Holographic Market Information Collection Terminal (APIC) which collected the holographic market information of agro-products, to address the issues such as undeveloped agricultural information collecting method, nonstandard collection criteria,imperfect classification and coding, as well as the lack of information collection device etc.. In the APIC system, there are two industrial standards on agro- product information collection embedded technology, and GPS positioning, integrated together with the general packet radio service(GPRS) and 3G mobile communications technology, making use of component development technology and embedded development technology, in order to achieve the standardization of data collection, instant transmission, and intelligent processing, and eventually to enhance the ability of integrated perception, decision-making and control in terms of monitoring and early warning of agro-products market price.
A Study on Impact Strength of CFRP Using Infrared Thermography
Authors: Shin Hee Jae , Kwac Lee Ku , Ko Sun Ho , Kim Tae Hoon , Kim Hong Gun
Published: December 2012

Of the advanced composite materials for aerospace structures such as aircrafts and space devices, the carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) is applied to many sectors that require lightweight materials for its high strength and stiffness. One of the disadvantages of the CFRP, however, is that it is weak against impact. In this study, impact test specimens were manufactured with five fiber stacking angles (0°/0°, 0°/15°, 0°/30°, 0°/45°, 0°/90°) according to ASTM D7136[15], and a falling weight test was performed to analyze the correlation between their mechanical and thermal characteristics. As a result, the impact energy applied to the five test specimens with different fiber stacking angles was almost constant at 30.63 J - 30.78 J. The absorbed energy increased with the increase in the fiber stacking angle, and decreased after 0°/45°. The average temperature on the fractured surface increased with the increase in the fiber stacking angle in all specimens other than the 0°/0° specimen.
Control of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Using Neural Network Backstepping Approach
Authors: Mokhtari Messaoud , Golea Noureddine
Published: December 2012

This paper aims to control a nonlinear uncertain system using the neural network backstepping technique by way of the following steps: the first one consists in localizing and modelling the unknown nonlinearities depending upon non-measurable states which in their turn subjected to uncertainties as well as external constraints, the second step is to design a suitable control law to overcome either the uncertainties and the external constraints. In short, this work comes down to solve a non linear and uncertain problem with some external constraints, so the suitable solution to this problem is the use of an adaptive backstepping control capable of eliminating the system uncertainty, attenuate remarkably the effect of the external constraints and reduce the uncertainty approximation errors. All these things are performed using the neural-network technique associated with the backstepping one, i.e., the use of the neural network backstepping approach to control the permanent magnet synchronous motor.
Investigation & Simulation of an Intelligent Lateral Flight Controller for a Blimp System
Authors: Rizi Sayedmehran Mirsafaie , Mobarakeh Ali Khalili , Mirsafaie Mina , Nazari Saba , Arshad Mohd Rizal Bin
Published: December 2012

This research work elaborates the investigation of lateral flight control system as point of unmanned aerial vehicle control.To evaluate our work, we have used rigid flying object model that is 10 meters in lengthand studythe effects of number of forces were consideredsuch as inertia, fin force and wind to design the heading controller,Fuzzy logic controller more specifically Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller is used,wherepros and cons of fuzzy logic controller is considered. To justify our proposed work, simulation is been implemented to model controller designs and dynamics of the airship.Furthermore comparative study have been done between the outcome of the system to be design and the latest research literature. Experimentalresultsillustrate that our method is efficient, is more reliable and effective.
Finger Vein Recognition Using Local Mean Based K-Nearest Centroid Neighbor Classifier
Authors: Mobarakeh Ali Khalili , Rizi Sayedmehran Mirsafaie , Nazari Saba , Gou Jiang Ping , Rosdi Bakhtiar Affendi
Published: December 2012

One of the newest methods of identification system is finger vein recognition which is a unique and successful way to identify human based on the physical characteristics of finger vein patterns. In this paper, a new type of classifier called Local Mean based K-nearest centroid neighbor (LMKNCN) is applied to classify finger vein patterns. Finally, the significance of the proposed method is proven by comparing the results of LMKNCN classifier with traditionally used K nearest neighbor classifier (KNN). The experimental results indicate that the proposed method in this research confidently merits the performance of the finger vein recognition method, as the gained accuracy using the proposed method is higher than that of the traditionally used method KNN. The maximum obtained accuracy of LMKNCN test with 2040 number of finger vein images is 100% while for KNN is 98.53%.
The Particle Filter Algorithm Research for Target Tracking Based on Information Fusion
Authors: Li Juan , Hao Hui Juan , Wang Mao Li
Published: December 2012

This paper researches the particle filters Algorithms for target tracking based on Information Fusion, it combines the traditional Kalman filter with the particle filter. For multi-sensor and multi-target tracking system with complex application background, which is nonlinear and non-gaussian system, the paper proposes an effective particle filtering algorithm based on information fusion for distributed sensor, this algorithm contributes to the solution of particle degradation problems and the phenomenon of particle lack, and achieve high precision for target tracking.
A Non-Dominated Sorting Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm For Mixed-Model Assembly Line Sequencing Problem
Authors: Li Zhi , Jiang Zhao Liang , Liu Wen Ping , Liu Yu Mei
Published: December 2012

Mixed-model assembly line (MMAL) sequencing is a typical problem that various models of a common base product are assembled on the same line. In this paper, we proposed products assembly sequencing in mixed-model assembly lines as a multiple-objective optimization problem with the objectives to minimize material consumption waviness, the total setup cost, and total task overlapped time. These three objectives are typically inversely correlated with each other, and simultaneously optimization of the three objectives is challenging. The multi-objective optimization algorithm based on non-dominated sorting particle swarm optimization (NSPSO) is designed. We conduct an extensive experiment study in which the performance of the proposed NSPSO is compared against non-dominated genetic algorithm (NSGA II). The computational results show that the proposed NSPSO outperforms NSGA II, significantly in large-sized problems.
Different Methods of Cutting Fluid Application on Turning of a Difficult-to-Machine Steel
Authors: Sanchez L.E.A. , Palma G.L. , Nalon L.J. , Santos A.E. , Modolo D.L.
Published: December 2012

Different methods of cutting fluid application are used on turning of a difficult-to-machine steel (SAE EV-8). A semi-synthetic cutting fluid was applied using a conventional method, minimum quantity of cutting fluid (MQCF), and pulverization. By the minimum quantity method was also applied a lubricant of vegetable oil (MQL). Thereafter, a cutting fluid jet under high pressure (3.0 MPa) was singly applied in the following regions: chip-tool interface; top surface of the chip; and tool-workpiece contact. Two other methods were used: an interflow between conventional application and chip-tool interface jet and, finally, three jets simultaneously applied. In order to carry out these tests, it was necessary to set up a high pressure system using a piston pump for generating a cutting fluid jet, a Venturi for fluid application (MQCF and MQL), and a nozzle for cutting fluid pulverization. The output variables analyzed included tool life, surface roughness, cutting tool temperature, cutting force, chip form, chip compression rate and machined specimen microstructure. It can be observed that the tool life increases and the cutting force decreases with the application of cutting fluid jet, mainly when it is directed to the chip-tool interface. Excluding the methods involving jet fluid, the conventional method seems to be more efficient than other methods of low pressure.
Production of Forged Rolls High-Quality Instrument from Adamite Steel
Authors: Lukina Yulia A. , Stepanov Andrey V. , Bobrov Evgeny N.
Published: December 2012

The paper deals with manufacturing technology for the forged rolls and sleeves from adamite steel at Electrostal Plant of Heavy Machinery (JSC «EZTM»). The influence of different heat treatments on microstructure and mechanical properties of the level of adamite steel is presented.
Design Method for Modular Machine Tool Based on MC33C
Authors: Yao Yi Yong , Zhao Li Ping , Yan Peng
Published: December 2012

To realize machine tool modular customization and configuration, the driving and mapping model of customer requirement is established in the environment of various customer requirement and mass individualized customization, which can transform processing of parts driven by customer requirement into function configuration FC, structure configuration SC and appearance configuration AC (3C) of module features. Besides, to solve the question of module manufacturability, by module compatibility analysis on dynamic, kinematic and aesthetic (MC3), a multi-dimensional configuration method for manufacturable of modular machine tool based on MC33C is proposed in this paper. Finally, A case study is given to prove effectiveness and adaptability of the proposed method, and the result shows that the various and individualized requirements are meet and design efficiency is improved.
Research on Mechanical Properties of Nano-Concrete
Authors: Yan Yi Zhi , Su Zhi Min , Wu Liang
Published: December 2012

This paper describes some of the characteristics of nano-materials are discussed nano SiO2, silica fume and nano-scale carbon-fiber reinforced concrete to improve strength and durability of the role of nano-SiO2, silica and carbon nano-fibers can be prepared as an admixture of high performance concrete, nano materials can also be used as a preparation mixed with Division of concrete with special features, such as metal oxides can be prepared by adding nano smart concrete and green concrete, metal powder can be prepared by adding nano electromagnetic shielding concrete.
Robust Design of Quadratic Electromagnetic Linear Actuator
Authors: Kim Jae Hee , Kim Jun Hyung , Kim Jin Ho
Published: December 2012

This paper describes the robust design of the Quadratic linear actuator. The linear actuator is higher efficiency than the existing rotary or reciprocating actuator. The linear actuator, however, has the inherent drawback of air gap variation because its linear motion is usually guided by springs and its dynamic performance is difficult to maintain. This paper, presents the robust design of quadratic linear actuator based on the Taguchi method that is not influenced by the air gap variation.
Application of Servo-Motors for Cold Rolling Tube Mills
Authors: Zatcepilova Zhanna V. , Kachalov Elliy A. , Esakov Alexsander V.
Published: December 2012

The development of modern technologies should be reflected in all spheres of its use and that includes such an important sector as heavy machinery construction. The equipment in heavy machinery industry usually has its own specifics such as large sizes, heavy weight and tough working conditions. This imposes significant constraints on the development. Often such machines are still designed with the use of complex mechanical transmissions to ensure coherent motion of mechanisms. But such work is entirely tied to the mechanics and is not flexible, therefore easily reconfigurable. With the advent of low-inertia servo-motors in the line of motors it became possible to make a big step forward in the development of heavy industry.
Finite Element Dynamics Analysis of Vibrating Feeder
Authors: Ma Xue Dong , Sun De Biao , Su Zheng Dong , Teng Jie
Published: December 2012

According to actual geometry size of vibrating feeder, the finite element calculating model for vibrating feeder box is established in this paper. ANSYS software is used to perform modal analysis and dynamic strength analysis for the vibration feeder box, and the former ten modal frequencies of the sieving box and dynamic stress of the sieving box whole is obtained, which provides a theoretical basis for strength design of the vibrating feeder.
Modern Office Furniture Design Based on Ergonomics
Authors: Xu Ji Feng , Zhang Han Ning
Published: December 2012

Appling the design principles and methods of Ergonomics into the modern office furniture design, analysis of the design elements of the modern office furniture in Ergonomics, for the concept of ensuring that human health, safe, comfortable and efficient, provided scientific and rational design method of Ergonomics for the modern office furniture design.
Dynamic Stochastic Modeling in Single Unit Job Lot Fabrication of Vehicle Components Assembly Test
Authors: Wang Qian Ting
Published: December 2012

The fabrication mode of vehicle components assembly tester belongs to single unit job lot production, with single quantity and mass operations. In order to produce them with high efficient and low cost, the resources configuration method plays an important role. The fabrication simulation model using a dynamic stochastic function is set up. First, the stochastic factors, including uncertainties of production task caused by market variety, production duration caused by design modification and production process caused by resource configuration diversity, are described with the change of production operations. Then the dynamic stochastic model of production process is set up on the basis of the transition probability matrix, preparation time and flexible time. As an example, the application method of this model for the synchronous fabrication process of drive axle performance tester and running tester is investigated. The results show that this method can be used for the planning and evaluation for the complex equipments fabrication within specified period.
Effects of Z-Direction Flowing RTM Technology on Distribution of Composites Fiber Volume Fraction and Thermoplastic Toughener
Authors: Li Wei Dong , Liu Gang , An Xue Feng , Yi Xiao Su
Published: December 2012

In this paper, a novel Z-direction flowing RTM technology using an in-mold resin distributor has been applied to the “Ex-situ” composites and the process feasibility was evaluated. The effect of injection type on distribution of fiber volume fraction and thermoplastic toughener in the composite were investigated. The results showed that perfect internal quality composite panels could be fabricated via the novel RTM technology and the injection type has some effects on distribution of fiber volume fraction along the thickness direction of the panels. After the injection and curing cycle, the typical bicontinuous phase structures were mainly observed at the interlaminar and also slightly spreading into the fibre beam.
Optimization of the Process Modules for a Top-Down Silicon Nanowire Fabrication Using Optical Lithography and Orientation Dependent Etching
Authors: Za’bah Nor F. , Kwa Kelvin S.K. , O’Neill Anthony
Published: December 2012

A top-down silicon nanowire fabrication using a combination of optical lithography and orientation dependent etching has been developed using Silicon-on Insulator (SOI) as the starting substrate. The design of experiments for the optimization of the process flow especially on the orientation dependent etching using potassium hydroxide (KOH) and Tetra-Methyl Ammonium Hydroxide (TMAH) are presented in this paper. Based on the etching experiments using silicon substrates, KOH with added isopropyl alcohol (IPA) had shown to have a consistent etch rate with acceptable silicon surface roughness as compared with its other counterparts. The concern regarding the effect of line edge roughness (LER) as a result of optical lithography was highlighted and, therefore, the optimization of the patterning procedure was also discussed and presented.
Interfacial Characteristics for LaAlO3 Gate Dielectric on S Passivated GaAs Substrate
Authors: Jia Ting Ting , Cheng Xing Hong , Cao Duo , Xu Da Wei , Xia Chao , Wang Zhong Jian , Yu Yue Hui
Published: December 2012

In this work, we present the results of an investigation into the effectiveness of varying ammonium sulphide (NH4)2S concentrations in the passivation of n-type GaAs. Samples were degreased and immersed in aqueous (NH4)2S solutions of concentrations 22% and 10%for 10 min at 295 K, immediately prior to plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition of LaAlO3. The chemical bonding state of (NH4)2S treated GaAs surface were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which indicate that Sulfur passivation can reduce intrerfacial GaAs-oxide formation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was implemented to characterize the interface morphology. Finally, capacitance-voltage (C-V) and leakage current density-voltage (J-V) measurement were used to characterize the electrical properties of LaAlO3 films.
Investigation on Interface Failure and Shear Strength of CMT Brazed Lap Joint of Dissimilar Materials
Authors: Lin Jian , Ma Nin Shu , Lei Yong Ping , Murakawa Hidekazu
Published: December 2012

In order to save fuel consumption by reducing the weight of automobile body, the use of aluminum alloys has a great advantage. However, how to join aluminum alloys with steels becomes a big problem in the assembly lines. Cold metal transfer (CMT) is a promising joining process for steel/Al dissimilar materials. To evaluate the shear strength and to investigate the failure modes of CMT brazed lap joints of dissimilar materials, both experimental observation and numerical simulation are performed. A numerical model for the failure criteria of the interface layer failure between steel and aluminum is developed. The interface layer of CMT brazed lap joint can be modeled by the interface element. The failure stress and failure energy at the interface element are proposed as the failure criteria for the prediction of shear strength of CMT lap joints. If steel sheet thickness becomes thicker, stress distribution and concentration at interface layer elements have some change and shear strength at the interface layer can be improved. Then the failure occurring at the interface element may transfer to the fusion line at the side of the aluminum alloy sheet.
Investigations of Fermi Level Pinning and Dipole Formation in TiN/HfO2/SiO2/Si Stacks
Authors: Zhang Jing , Wang Xiao Lei , Han Kai , Wang Wen Wu , Zhao Chao , Chen Da Peng , Ye Tian Chun
Published: December 2012

Fermi level pinning (FLP) and dipole formation in TiN/HfO2/SiO2/Si stacks are investigated. The magnitude of FLP at TiN/HfO2 interface is estimated to be ~0 V based on dipole theory using concepts of interfacial gap states and charge neutrality level (CNL). The dipole amount at HfO2/SiO2 interface is experimentally extracted to be +0.33 V. These results show that dipole formation at HfO2/SiO2 interface is important for tuning flatband voltage of the TiN/HfO2/SiO2/Si stacks. Possible origin of dipole formation is demonstrated and attributed to be lower CNL of HfO2 compared with that of SiO2/Si stacks.
Feeding Mathematical Modeling of Superalloy Vacuum-Electromagnetic Casting and its Application
Authors: Jin Wen Zhong , Li Su Fang , Zhang Wei
Published: December 2012

The new technology of superalloy vacuum-electromagnetic casting was developed and the feeding mathematical model melt in vacuum-electromagnetic casting was established. The availability of mathematical model was approved by the experiments of the IN100 superalloy. The experimental results indicate that the feeding capacity of melt in vacuum casting can be greatly increased by imposing the 50Hz, 60A rotating electromagnetic stirring, which can decrease the central shrinkage cavity in superalloy ingots, so the quality of the superalloy ingots can be wide-range improved.
Control of the IN100 Superalloy Ingot Solidification Structure with Linear Electromagnetic Stirring
Authors: Jin Wen Zhong , Li Su Fang , Zhang Wei
Published: December 2012

In order to achieve high quality superalloy ingots, an investigation of applying linear electromagnetic stirring to the superalloy vacuum casting solidifying process has been put into effect with electroprobe microanalysis and optical microscope. The results indicate that an one sided, upward linear electromagnetic stirring with 50Hz frequency and 140A current can effectively refine the isometric crystals and shorten the ratio of central shrinkage cavity in superalloy ingots.
Gas-Jet-Assisted Keyhole Laser Welding of Q235 Mild Steel
Authors: Shen Xian Feng , Teng Wen Hua , Huang Wen Rong , Xu Chao
Published: December 2012

Increases in the penetration depth of laser welding has gained undoubted interest, especially in the aerospace, power station, ship building, and other heavy industries. Gas-jet-assisted keyhole laser welding is a prospective method for improving the penetration of conventional laser welding. A series of experiments using this method were conducted with different parameters of the assisted gas jet and the welding speed. The microstructures of weld joints were observed using optical microscopy, and microhardness was also measured. The investigation results showed that the penetration depth of this laser welding increased by more than 20%, with a maximum increase of approximately 26%, at different welding speeds, while the weld width was significantly reduced compared with that of conventional laser welding. The key factor affecting the penetration increase is the interaction between the assisted gas jet and the plasma. The penetration increase was determined by the distribution and amplitude of the assisted gas jet at the position of the keyhole orifice. The grain in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and weld seam of gas-jet-assisted keyhole laser welding was finer, and the number of columnar grains was also significantly reduced. The microhardness of the HAZ for the assisted gas jet was much lower, and more pearlite and less martensite were observed this zone. This was caused by the reduced maximum temperature of the molten pool, reduced high-temperature residence time, increased cooling rate, and diminished temperature gradient with the introduction of the assisted gas jet.
Effect of Thermal-Mechanical Treatment on Texture and Properties of Cold-Drawn Steel Wire
Authors: Yang Fan
Published: December 2012

Thermal–mechanical treatment is widely utilized by steelmakers to optimize the properties of high–strength cold drawing eutectoid steel wires. This paper presents the influence of industrial thermal–mechanical treatment utilized in practical manufacturing on microstructure and mechanical properties of drawn pearlitic steels. After post thermal–mechanical processing, drawn pearlitic steel features lower residual stress and improved yield/ultimate tensile strengths, and exhibits a more perfect fiber texture characteristic. Nevertheless, the torsion test of treated steel wire demonstrates that delamination occurs during torsional deformation, which implicates that the studied thermal–mechanical treatment is whereas not the optimum process for manufacturing the high–performance steel wires. The sequential TEM observation shows the remarkable different structure of pearlite lamellae in drawn and treated wires. The local stress concentration resulting from the separately granular cementite precipitation may attribute to the delamination of steel wire after post drawing.
Mechanical Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Al Alloy for Engineering Machinery
Authors: Yang Ping , Yang Kai Huai
Published: December 2012

Three groups of commercial 1050 Al alloy were subjected to equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) at room temperature using route A, route C and route Bc, respectively. Mechanical properties and fracture modes of as-annealed and ECAPed samples were investigated. The microhardness of 1050 Al fabricated by ECAP increases by a factor of about 1.5 compared to the as-annealed state. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) increases significantly after ECAP, while the elongation decreases. But they are strongly dependence on the number of ECAP passes and the pressing route. The UTS and elongation of the samples processed by route Bc are best, consequently, the static toughness U of the samples is enhanced. Besides, all specimens subjected to ECAP deformation failed in a ductile manner.
Numerical Simulation on the Electronic Properties in Multilayer Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Kim Kwang Sik , Hwang Young Wook , Won Tae Young
Published: December 2012

We report our finite element method (FEM) simulation study on the characteristic of the charge transport layer of the multi-layer structure for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). The physical model cover all the key physical processes in OLEDs, namely charge injection, transport and recombination, exciton diffusion, transfer and decay for electronic properties. We performed a numerical simulation on a multilayer structure comprising a hole transport layer (HTL), an emission layer (EML), and an electron transport layer (ETL) between both electrodes; anode and cathode. The materials of the HTL is TPD (N, N'-Bis (3- methylphenyl) - N, N'- bis (phenyl) benzidine), and the ETL includes Alq3 (Tris (8- hyroxyquinolinato) aluminium). Here, we investigated the parameters such as recombination rates which influence the efficiency of the charge transport between layers in bilayer OLEDs. We also analyzed a transient response during the turn on period and the carrier transport in accordance with the variation of the injection barrier and applied voltage. In addition, this paper revealed that the effect of the insertion of the EML in bilayer structure.
The Influence of Spin Orientation and Alloying on Magnetism and Work Function for Fex-1Mnx/Fe (001) Films
Authors: Tang Ke Qin , Zhong Ke Hua , Cheng Yan Ming , Chen Zhi Gao , Huang Zhi Gao
Published: December 2012

By using first-principles methods based on density functional theory (DFT), we investigated the magnetism and work function of Fex-1Mnx/Fe (001) films with different spin arrangements (parallel (PL), antiparallel (APL1) and mixed (APL2)) for Mn and Fe atoms. The calculation shows that the spin arrangement and alloying have evident impact on the work function and moment of Fex-1Mnx/Fe (001) films. For Mn/Fe (001), the spin arrangement affects evidently the geometrical structure, work function and magnetism of the system. Moreover, the work function for non-magnetic (NM) state is found to be higher than that for magnetic state, and the work function of Mn/Fe (001) with PL state is less than that with APL2 state. For Fex-1Mnx/Fe (001), with increased Mn doping content, the Fe moments in the second layer decrease and their values are all less than the bulk value of Fe atom, which is due to the antiferromagnetic coupling between Mn and Fe atoms. Furthermore, we found that the surface alloying can have an impact on the work function of Fex-1Mnx/Fe (001), but the role of spin polarization is also quite important.
Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO Nano Particles Synthesised by Mixture of Fuel Approach in Solution Chemical Combustion
Authors: Rao Rameshwar , Rajendar V. , Rao K. Venkateswara
Published: December 2012

Zinc oxide has been used for many applications, for example optoelectronic devices, ceramics, catalysts, pigments, varistors and many other important applications. In this study, ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by mixture of fuel approach in solution chemical combustion method. Mixtures of Urea and Zinc salts were mixed at room temperature resulting in spontaneous ignition because these are hypergolic materials resulting in production of ZnO nanopowder. The crystal structure and size of the synthesized powder were determined by X- ray diffractometer (XRD), which revealed that the synthesized ZnO nanopowder has the pure wurtzite structure having average crystallite size of 30nm. Morphological studies were carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) was carried out by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), Optical studies were examined by FT-IR and UV-Visible absorption spectrum and the particle size was estimated from Nanoparticle size analyzer.
Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Carica Papaya Extract for Anti Bacterial Applications
Authors: Rao Rameshwar , Shilpa Chakra C. , Rao K. Venkateswara
Published: December 2012

Nanobiotechnology emerged as integration of nanotechnology and biotechnology for developing bioactive, biosynthetic and eco -friendly technology for synthesis of nanomaterials. Nanostructures have great demand in areas such as chemistry, catalysis, electronics, energy, and medical applications. Metallic nano-particles are normally synthesized by wet chemical synthesis techniques using the toxic and inflammable chemicals. Present research work on preparation of silver nano-particles by green nano synthesis method and has advantages over conventional methods involving chemical agents which can cause environmental toxicity. The synthesis technique is a cost effective and environment friendly technique for green nano synthesis of silver nano-particles from varying concentrations of AgNO3 solution and extract of Carica papaya fruit of different concentrations which acts as reducing and capping agent. Characterizations has been done using UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy, XRD, particle size analyser and SEM with EDX. Antimicrobial activity was done using Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas.
Scale Coefficient, Length, Mode and Radius Effect on Critical Axial Compressed Buckling Load of Carbon Nanotubes via Nonlocal Continuum Model
Authors: Tian Hong Liang
Published: December 2012

Some exact concise analytic solutions of critical axial compressed buckling load for carbon nanotubes are derived via nonlocal beam. Scale coefficient, length, mode and radius effect on nonlocal critical axial compressed buckling load of CNTs is established and can be analyzed in terms of the general solutions. Radius effect on nonlocal critical axial compressed buckling load is only found through nonlocal elastic shell model but not derived via nonlocal elastic beam model. Numerical calculations of CNTs show that local critical axial compressed buckling load through local elastic theory is overestimated. Scale coefficient, length, mode and radius effect should be taken into account in predicting more accurate results for mechanical behaviors of CNTs via continuum model.
Impacts of Melt Spinning and Element Replacement on the Electrochemical Performances of the RE–Mg–Ni-Based A2B7-Type Electrode Alloys
Authors: Zhang Yang Huan , Chen Le Le , Yang Tai , Shang Hong Wei , Chen Li Сui , Zhao Dong Liang
Published: December 2012

The RE–Mg–Ni-based A2B7-type La0.75−xPrxMg0.25Ni3.2Co0.2Al0.1(x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) electrode alloys fabricated by melt spinning technology. The impacts of the melt spinning and the replacement of La by Pr on the microstructures and electrochemical performances of the alloys were systematically investigated. The results indicate that the as-cast and spun alloys hold a compound phase structure, containing (La, Mg)2Ni7and LaNi5phases as well as a residual phase LaNi2. A notable grain refinement of the alloys without altering the phase structures of the alloys obtained by melt spinning. The discharge capacity of the alloy (x = 0.2) tend to first augments and then falls with the growing spinning rate. And the as-spun (10 m/s) alloy gains the maximum discharge capacity as Pr content augmenting in the alloys. Furthermore, the measurements of the electrochemical hydrogen storage kinetics reveal that the high rate discharge ability (HRD), the hydrogen diffusion coefficient (D) and the limiting current density (ILSubscript text) of the alloys first increase then decrease with the rising of the spinning rate and the amount of Pr substitution.