bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modern view on the features of varicella in children and the possibility of specific prevention
Authors:   Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, SKRIPCHENKO E. YU.
Published: August 2021

The literature review presents modern information about the peculiarities of the epidemiology and course of chickenpox in children and clarifies the reasons for complicated course of the disease. The modern aspects of pathogenesis are described, starting with the characteristics of the varicella zoster virus structure, the features of its interaction with the macroorganism, the nature of the immune response, which is one of the important factors of an unfavorable course of the disease. The clinical variety of chickenpox complications is reflected, including damage to various organs and systems, primarily the nervous, endocrine systems and the skin. Convincing data on chickenpox as a serious infectious disease are presented. The article provides up-to-date information on the possibilities of specific prevention of chickenpox in children. The presence of a normative-legal basis for chickenpox prevention, as well as the chickenpox vaccine approved for use from 12 months of age, its inclusion in the National Vaccination Schedule for epidemiological indications, the high immunogenicity of the vaccine, its safety and efficacy, make one confident in the existence of a real mechanism of influence on morbidity, which is confirmed by the global experience.
Rare clinical case of a myoma in Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, GARIFULLOVA Yu. V. , ZHURAVLEVA V. I. ,   Kazan State Medical University, KALIMULLINA G. N. ,   City Clinical Hospital № 7
Published: August 2021

Mayer — Rokitansky — Küster — Hauser syndrome characterized by the uterus and vagina aplasia is a rare pathology that constitutes an underlying cause of primary amenorrhea. The article presents a literature review on the issue from international databases Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed in the recent 30 years. There were isolated reports of fibroids arising from the rudimentary horns of the uterus, which could reach large size and develop complications. We present a rare clinical case of multiple fibroids in Mayer — Rokitansky — Küster — Hauser syndrome with a retroperitoneal location of one of the nodes.
Early diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis
Authors:   Orenburg State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, SAGITOVA E. R. , KRAVTSOVA O. N. ,   Orenburg State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Published: August 2021

The article describes a case of diagnosis and treatment of an early stage of ankylosing spondylitis in a young man. This disease, which can potentially lead to disability, may manifest in the pathology of peripheral joints, often prevailing over the symptoms of axial damage. Ankylosing spondylitis is characterized by varied clinical symptoms, this, early diagnostics is a valuable prerequisite for timely treatment.
Combined pathology of the umbilical cord as a cause of perinatal losses
Authors:   Medical Diagnostic and Treatment Center «Zdorovye Semyi», TOKTAROVA O. A. , ISHMAEVA D. A. ,   Medical Diagnostic and Treatment Center «Zdorovye Semyi», HERMAN Ya. E. ,   Medical Diagnostic and Treatment Center «Zdorovye Semyi»
Published: August 2021

The article presents a clinical case of the antenatal death of a fetus due to a combined umbilical cord pathology prenatally diagnosed with ultrasound: the absence of Wharton’s jelly, thin umbilical cord and the only artery of the umbilical cord. Stages of prenatal care using the methods of visual examination of the fetus are described.
The Impact of Oil Price and Other Macroeconomic Variables on The Islamic and Conventional Stock Index in Indonesia
Authors: Antonio Muhammad Syafii , Rusydiana Aam S. , Soeparno Wahyu Sugeng Imam , Rani Lina Nugraha , Pratomo Wahyu Ario , Nasution Abdillah Arif
Published: August 2021

The Islamic capital market plays an important role in the growth of the economy in Indonesia. During its development, the performance of the stock index in a country is often influenced by other stock indices in other countries. This study tries to analyze dependance of macroeconomic variable towards JII and IHSG price, using Autoregression Distributed Lag (ARDL). The results show that the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and exchange rate (EXC) significantly affect the movement of the JII and IHSG price index. This indicates that the movement of the JII and IHSG index in the short term is influenced by domestic production and exchange rate. Furthermore, the results of the research show a little uniqueness in the crude oil price (COP) variable.Keywords: ARDL, Macroeconomic, Oil price, Islamic stockJEL Classifications: E44, F41, Q43DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.10911
GROWTH RESPONSE OF 3YEARS AGE JERNANG RATTAN PLANT (Daemonorops draco Willd.) ON LIGHT INTENSITY UNDER MIXED STAND AT KHDTK KEMAMPO, BANYUASIN REGENCY
Authors: Nopriansyah Andi , Aluyah Cik , Sosilawati Endang
Published: August 2021

Rattan jernang (Daemonorops draco Willd.) is a type of non-timber forest product that has a high market value. To reduce dependence on natural forests, jernang rattan cultivation is important. This study aims to determine the growth response of 3 year old jernang rattan plants to light intensity under mixed stands. The study was carried out at KHDTK Kemampo, Palembang Environmental and Forestry Research and Development Center from June to July 2020. This study used an experimental method with a Non-Factoral Randomized Block Design consisting of 3 treatments with 9 replications. The treatments consisted of P1 = canopy closure 10–30% (light intensity 72.19%), P2 = canopy closure 40–60% (light intensity 55.63%), and P3 = canopy closure 70–90% (light intensity 23.39%). The results showed that the growth of jernang rattan gave a very good response to light intensity under mixed stands for all parameters observed, namely plant height, leaf midrib length and number of leaves, as well as leaf color. The best growth of jernang rattan is in light conditions with a canopy cover of 10%-30% (light intensity 72.19%). There is a positive correlation between light intensity and the growth of jernang rattan under mixed stands, that is, the higher the light intensity, the better the growth of jernang rattan.
IMPACT OF COVID -19 ON INCOME OF THE TELLA SERASAN FOREST FARMER GROUP KPH BENAKAT PROVINCE OF SOUTH SUMATERA
Authors: Hidayat Yayat , Lensari Delfy , Junaidii Junaidii
Published: August 2021

Social forestry provides an increase in the production and income of people in Tanggamus Regency as well as Kulon Progo Regency and Gunung Kidul Regency. KTH Tella Serasan also has a positive impact from the economic aspect, but with the covid 19 pandemic, members of the Tella Serasan Forest Farmers Group also experienced the impact of a decline in income, therefore further research was needed to what extent the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on income for the community, especially the Tella Serasan Farmer Group. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the income of the Tella Serasan Forest Farmer Group, Gelumbang District, Muara Enim Regency, South Sumatra Province. This research was conducted in December 2020 – April 2021. The research was conducted at Tella Serasan Teluk Limau Village, Gelumbang District, Muara Enim Regency, South Sumatra Province with the number of respondents in this study amounting to 54 respondents. The data Collected were primary data and secondary data. The income of the community before the Covid-19 pandemic in the plantation sector was Rp. 212,360,000 years/ha, livestock sector Rp.55,600,000/year and other sources of income Rp. 158.100.000/year. Community income during the COVID-19 pandemic in the plantation sector was Rp.144,335,000 year/ha, the livestock sector was Rp. 35.400.000/year, and other sources of income Rp. 127,835,000/year.
IDENTIFICATION OF MEDICINE PLANTS IN THE SRIWIJAYA BOTANICAL GARDEN, BAKUNG VILLAGE, INDRALAYA UTARA DISTRICT, OGAN ILIR REGENCY, SOUTH SUMATRA PROVINCE
Authors: Syahroni Sasua Hustati , Helida Asvic , Jaya Amer
Published: August 2021

This study aims to determine and identify the composition and type of structure medicinal plants in the Sriwijaya botanical garden through analysis of medicinal plant vegetation by using a species diversity index. The research method used was a survey with a sampling technique used was a sampling method or intentionally from the area of the Sriwijaya Botanical Garden conservation area. Using the formula for sampling intensity [IS] of 2% and a total area of 100 Ha, the number of sample plots obtained is 50. This study identified 43 families and 76 species of medicinal plants. The highest importance index (INP) of the lower plants in the lower plantswas Senduduk (Melastoma malabathricum) a value 29,797%, while the lowest INP is Cataract (Laurentia longifora), Curry Leaf (Murraya koenigii), Kumis Kucing (Orthosiphon aristatus) a 0,724%. While in INP, the highest mastery of medicinal plants at sapling level is Jelutung (Dyera costulata) a value 40.741%, while the lowest INP a butterfly (Bauhinia porpurea) with 4.204%. The diversity indexes of medicinal plants at the understorey and sapling levels were found to be 2.00 and 1.03, in both, indicating that understorey and sapling diversity was moderate and the community state was very stable. While the diversity index of medicinal plants at the seedling level was 0.94, indicating that medicinal plant diversity at the seedling stage is poor and the community state is quite poor.
The Effect of Classroom Debate Activities on Pre-service Teachers’ Argumentativeness
Authors: Şengül Kübra , Demirel Ahmet
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of classroom debate activities on the argumentativeness of Turkish language teacher candidates. The study group of the research consists of 29 freshman students in the Turkish Language Teaching program. Designed in mixed method, in this study Argumentativeness Scale and Semi-Structured Interview Form were used as data collection tools. The application process of the study took a total five weeks. For the analysis of the quantitative data which was obtained through the Argumentativeness Scale, the pre and post-test scores were compared using the t-test. However, at the end of the application, the opinions of the students were taken through the semi-structured interview form and these data were analyzed using the content analysis technique. As a result of the research, it was determined that there is a significant difference between the argumentativeness pre-test scores and post-test scores of the study group. The findings obtained from the interviews also confirmed that there is a difference in the argumentativeness of the teacher candidates. As a result, it was seen that classroom debate activities carried out in accordance with the rules can motivate prospective teachers to do discussions and reduce their anxiety and fear of discussions. In addition to this, according to the findings, debate activities encourage students to do research, create a competitive environment in the classroom and ensure active participation in the lessons. In line with the research results, suggestions for classroom discussion practices and suggestions for future research have been presented.
“Ya No Nos Maten”: A Discourse Analysis of the Song “Querida Muerte”
Authors: Soto-Jurado Jacqueline
Published: August 2021

Violence against women in Mexico has surged over the last five years. Within this context, the song Querida Muerte (Dear Death) (2019) portrays the harassment experienced by Mexican women. Moreover, this song narrates some dangerous events that some women might have encounter living in Mexico. In this study, Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is implemented as an approach for the examination of the song, applying the Systematic Functional Linguistics (SFL) model by Halliday. The findings of this study demonstrate that this discourse was created as a demand for social justice and as an expression of the extent to which women are tired of being scared and in constant threat. The analysis based on the SFL model reveals that this song mostly uses declarative clauses, present tense, and negative adjectives.
The Effects of Mental Self-care Training on Mental Health and Academic Achievement in Students
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Khomein Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomein, Iran., Zarimoghadam Zahra , Davoodi Hosein ,   Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran., Ghafari Khalil ,   Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran., Jamilian Hamidreza ,   Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
Published: August 2021

Background and Aim: The development of any society depends on the educational system of that society. The educational system can be efficient and successful when considering the academic performance of learners in different courses. This study aimed to investigate the effects of mental self-care education on students’ mental health and academic motivation. Methods & Materials: This was a quasi-experimental study with unequal control and experimental groups. The statistical population of this study was students referring to school counseling centers; 40 of them (n=20/group) were selected by random sampling method. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale - 21 Items (DASS-21), and Academic Performance Rating Scale were used to collect the necessary data. Psychological self-care training was presented to the experimental group in ten 2-hour sessions. Then, a posttest was conducted on the study groups. Data analysis was performed using Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA). Ethical Considerations: This article was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Islamic Azad University, Khomeini Branch (Code: IR.IAU.ARAK.REC.1399.001). Results: The obtained findings indicated that mental self-care education was effective on students’ mental health (P<0.05). Furthermore, psychological self-care education was ineffective on students’ academic motivation. Conclusion: Mental self-care education was used to improve mental health; however, this training did not affect academic motivation in the examined subjects.
THE EFFECT OF OWNER-MANAGER’S SAFETY LEADERSHIP AND SUPERVISOR’S SAFETY ROLE ON SAFETY PERFORMANCE IN MALAYSIA’S MANUFACTURING SMEs
Authors: Zulkifly Syazwan Syah , Baharudin Mohd Rafee , Mahadi Muhammad Razif , Syed Ismail Sharifah Norkhadijah , Hasan Nor Halim
Published: August 2021

Safety leadership has been advocated as the most appropriate approach towards injury prevention. Besides, supervisor safety role is also proposed to be crucial towards good safety performance in SMEs. Henceforth, this study aisled to determine the direct impact of safety leadership (safety concern, safety policy, and safety motivation) played by the owner-managers on safety performance within the SME manufacturers in Selangor, Malaysia. Furthermore, this study also evaluated the mediating effect of supervisor safety roles towards safety leadership and safety performance' relationship. The data was collected among 165 SME manufacturing workers from 37 factories and Partial Least Square – Structured Equation Model (PSL-SEM) was performed for data analyses. The results indicated that safety leadership in terms of safety concern, safety policy, and safety motivation has significant impact on safety performance. However, supervisor safety role does not mediate the relationship between safety leadership and safety performance. These results proved importance of direct safety management by the owner-managers and supervisors towards safety performance.Safety leadership approach delivered by the owner-managers could be the best way to improve safety performance despite all the limitation within SMEs.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ONLINE-BASED LEARNING IN JAVA PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE: STUDENT PERCEPTIONS AND PERFORMANCE
Authors: Nordin Noradila
Published: August 2021

This research aims to explore the effectiveness of learning Java programming language using online-based learning compared to traditional-based learning towards undergraduate students in Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM). Similar types of learning materials in the form of slides, notes and books are used with additional forms of assessments to substitute the final exam. The main difference is in the learning approaches which have been switched to online based via various platforms depending on the suitability and preference of the students. This research focuses on identifying and analyzing certain aspects from the students’ perceptions, which are the students’ (1) learning preference; (2) learning engagement; (3) learning assessment, and in terms of their overall (4) satisfaction towards the learning process. This research uses a quantitative approach through the questionnaire as the survey instrument, involving 31 students. The data is analyzed using descriptive statistics (percentage frequency distribution, mean, and standard deviation). Findings show that despite using online-based learning, 48.39% obtained marks above 80% in Lab Test 2, which is doubled compared to the previous test, Lab Test 1, 25.81%. This indicates that while students prefer traditional-based learning, they are able to perform better through online-based learning.
Adoption of Safety Practices against Occupational Hazards among Building Construction Workers for Sustainable Development in Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: OVIAWE Jane Itohan , Anavberokhai M.O.
Published: August 2021

This study analyzed the safety practices followed by building construction workers against occupational hazards to sustainable development in Edo State, Nigeria, using a descriptive research survey design. The analysis was motivated by three research questions and three null hypotheses. The study population consisted of 5,305 construction workers from 23 construction sites in the Oredo local government area of Edo State, Nigeria. The sample size of 530 respondents was selected for the analysis using a systematic random sampling technique that applied the Taro Yamane formula in drawing the sample size. The instrument used to collect data was a 10-item questionnaire built from the literature examined. The instrument has been tested by five experts. Spearman Brown rank correlation coefficient was used to determine the internal accuracy of the instrument and a correlation coefficient of.81 was obtained. In answering the research questions, the multiple regression statistics and the Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to investigate the hypotheses at .05 level of significance. The results of the study found, among other things, that there exist low use of safety practices among construction workers in the Oredo local government area of Edo State; a significant relationship exists between the use of safety practices and years of experience; a significant relationship exists between the use of safety practices and the level of education among construction workers. Based on the results of this report, it was suggested, among other things, that the management team of the various construction sites should demonstrate a greater commitment to the provision and compliance of safety equipment among workers to ensure optimal prevention of occupational hazards that will ensure sustainable growth.
PRELIMINARY REVIEW OF MULTISCALE FRET AS INNOVATION OF ERGONOMIC GUITAR
Authors: Sulistiono Sulistiono , Suhardi Bambang , Ishartomo F , Nugraha I
Published: August 2021

The development of multiscale fret as innovation of ergonomic guitar concept aims to make this innovation applied more by guitar luthiers in designing a guitar signature that is modern and ergonomic. This concept has its own advantages, not only producing specific and organic tones, but also has benefits that can minimize the risk of repetitive strain injuries that are often experienced by guitar players. Therefore, multiscale fret has begun to be widely developed and has become one of the alternative innovations that can be applied by guitar luthiers that still adopt conventional fret concept. This paper conducts an preliminary information of the innovation of multiscale fret in a guitar that is associated with aspects of ergonomic comfort. In further research, this is expected to be a reference to understand the basic of multiscale fret and a stepping stone in conducting more systematic review regarding the effectiveness of the performance of human-centered musical instruments.
Diabetes and insulin: 1921 and beyond
Authors: Latif Zafar Ahmed
Published: August 2021

Abstract not available

BIRDEM Med J 2021; 11(3): 160-163
Black fungus: a new threat
Authors: Uddin Khwaja Nazim
Published: August 2021

Abstract not available

BIRDEM Med J 2021; 11(3): 164-165
Sub-acute and chronic musculoskeletal manifestations in chikungunya fever: experience in a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Haque Talha Sami Ul , Alam Rahat Fahmida , Rahim Muhammad Abdur , Mohammad Musa Abul Khayer
Published: August 2021

Background: Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne viral disease and presentation usually follows 3 phases: acute, sub-acute and chronic. Erratic, relapsing and incapacitating arthritis is the hallmark of chikungunya and many patients go on to develop post-chikungunya arthritis. Bangladesh experienced a major outbreak of chikungunya since April-May of 2017 which created a mass panic among people. The present study aimed to evaluate the course and pattern of musculoskeletal manifestations of patients who had been diagnosed as a case of chikungunya fever

Methods: It was a prospective observational study, conducted in Department of Internal Medicine, BIRDEM General Hospital from October, 2017 to August, 2018. Total 100 patients suffering from chikungunya were selected and data were collected by interview using a semi-structured questionnaire and medical records analysis. These patients were followed up after 3 weeks and 3-months of symptom onset and musculoskeletal features were recorded.

Results: A total 100 patients were studied and among them female patients were 54%. Mean age of the patients was 49.7 years. Eighty-three patients were managed from outpatient department. All of the patients had history of fever and joint pain at the onset. Among 100 patients, musculoskeletal symptoms resolved in 23 patients within the acute phase and 77% went through sub-acute phase. Twenty six percent patients entered into chronic phase.

Conclusion: Study revealed that for one-fourth patients, musculoskeletal manifestations resolved in acute phase, three-fourth patients entered in sub-acute phase and one-fourth patients entered in chronic phase.

BIRDEM Med J 2021; 11(3): 166-171
Association of body mass index with carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Rahaman Md Motiur , Ali Zahed , Hossain SM Monowar , Ul Azim Muhammad Arshad , Rahman Md Moshiur , Saha Pallob Kanti , Akter Mafia
Published: August 2021

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a chronic disabling condition of hands, occurring due to occupational and non-occupational risk factors, including high body mass index (BMI). This study was intended to find out the association of BMI with CTS.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in four teaching hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh from June 2017 to May 2018. Patients with electrophysiologically documented CTS were taken as cases and age matched healthy individuals without CTS were taken as controls. Following clinical and electrodiagnostic confirmation, data were collected from total 63 patients and 63 controls.
Results: Mean BMI was 29.3±4.8 Kg/m2 in CTS group, which was higher than the control (24.1±3.3 Kg/m2). In CTS group, 56 (88.9%) had high BMI and 7 (11.1%) had normal BMI. On the other hand. 23 (36.9%) subjects in control group had high BMI and 40 (63.1%) had normal BMI. High BMI was significantly associated with carpal tunnel syndrome (p <0.01) but ncreasing BMI was not associated with severity of CTS (p 0.654).
Conclusion: High BMI has a significant association with CTS but not with CTS severity.
BIRDEM Med J 2021; 11(3): 179-185
Comorbidities in children with Down syndrome: experience in a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Zabeen Fahmida , Mohsin Fauzia , Jesmin Eva , Mahbuba Sharmin , Hassan M Quamrul
Published: August 2021

Background: Down syndrome or trisomy 21 is one of the most common chromosomal disorders with moderate intellectual disability. In addition to mental retardation, this syndrome is associated with different congenital anomalies and characteristic dysmorphic features. Affected individuals are more susceptible to congenital heart disease and digestive anomalies, pulmonary complications, immune and endocrine system disorders. While several international studies have shown association of co-morbidities with trisomy 21, there is insufficient data available in Bangladesh.The present study aimed to evaluate the associated co-morbidities in children with Down syndrome.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among pediatric cases with Down syndrome who attended the endocrine outpatient department (OPD) of BIRDEM General Hospital from June 2006 to December 2016. The cases were diagnosed either by Karyotyping or by characteristic phenotypes.The clinical and laboratory data of the patients were collected from outpatient history records for analysis.

Results: There were total 42 children with Down syndrome, with mean age 4.2 years at assessment and female predominance (1.47:1). Thyroid dysfunction was the most common (69%) followed by congenital heart disease (57%). Among the thyroid disorders, acquired hypothyroidism was found in 55% cases, congenital hypothyroidism in 41% cases and only one had hyperthyroidism. Isolated patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and atrial septal defect (ASD) comprised the commonest single congenital heart disease found in 53% and combined atrioventricular septal defect was the commonest among complex congenital cardiac defect observed in our study. Both thyroid dysfunction and congenital heart disease were found more in female children with Down syndrome than their male counterpart and it was found statistically significant. Fifty percent of our Down syndrome cases were referred from other healthcare centers to address developmental delay.

Conclusion: Hypothyroidism and congenital heart disease are frequently associated in Down syndrome children in Bangladesh. This calls for developing awareness among health professionals to diagnose comorbidities at an early stage and to form recommendations for long term follow up.

BIRDEM Med J 2021; 11(3): 191-196
Tramadol intoxication in infants: experience at a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Nahar Jebun , Begum Noorjahan , Islam Nasreen , Sultana Nahid , Yasmin Farzana , Mohsin Fauzia , Begum Tahmina
Published: August 2021

Background: Tramadol is a widely used opioid analgesic for different types of pain. Very few cases of acute tramadol intoxication in infants have been reported where respiratory and central nervous system depression are frequent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical manifestation, treatment and outcome of tramadol intoxication in infants.

Methods: This was a retrospective observational study of hospitalized infants in the Department of Neonatology and Paediatrics in BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from February 2014 to November 2019. Ten infants with history of administration of tramadol suppository were included in this study. Data regarding clinical features, cause of the “incident dose and route of administration” of tramadol, effects of naloxone and outcomes were recorded and analyzed.

Results: Of 10 infants, 6 were male and 4 were female. The mean age was 5.1±3.0 months and the mean weight was 6.1±1.8 kg. The mean time of onset of symptoms after drug administration was 2.6±1.0 hours with a mean dose of 17.9±6.4 mg/kg body weight. The main clinical features were decreased level of consciousness (100%), seizure (80%), meiosis (80%) and apnoea (50%). In each 50% (5) of cases, tramadol was given erroneously instead of glycerine and paracetamol suppository. Among them 2 (20%) infants received tramadol suppository as an over-the-counter (OTC) drug. All infants were treated with naloxone without any side effect. In addition, three infants needed mechanical ventilation. The average duration of hospital stay was 89.3±47.4 hours. Nine infants were discharged and one (10%) died.

Conclusions: Our study suggested that tramadol intoxication among infants is predominantly accidental. Early identification and prompt initiation of treatment are essential. The creation of public awareness about the safe storage of drugs at home and avoidance of OTC drugs can prevent tramadol intoxication in children.

BIRDEM Med J 2021; 11(3): 197-201
A home-based palliative care pilot project for the patients and families with incurable diseases in Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Mostofa Kamal , Sarker Mridul , Ahmad Nezamuddin
Published: August 2021

Background: Home-based palliative care (HPC) is a community-based palliative care approach with various advantages over institutional care like comprehensive care at patient’s known comfortable environment. This study aims at describing a pilot HPC program.

Methods: A 3-year pilot project was implemented by Centre for Palliative Care (CPC) of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, supported by the Ministry of Education. At the end of the project period the team attempted a survey to capture a picture of HPC recipients, of their suffering and their needs and to assess as to what extent these needs can be met in the best possible way with the present strategy. A total of 34 patients and their caregivers were interviewed over telephone about receiving homecare. An attempt was taken to compare with the patients who used to get conventional care along with an access to the 24/7 telephone care service.

Results: A total of 1634 home visits were made to 338 patients, mostly (79.3%) to 310 cancer patients and covered 0.807% of estimated population in need of palliative care in Dhaka City Corporation. Pain was the most prevalent symptom and opioid drugs were the most commonly prescribed medication. HPC helped them to remain at their own home where they wanted to be and assisted them taking into account individually tailoring care and enabled them to continue coping.

Conclusions: HPC helped the patients of incurable diseases and their families to avail comprehensive care at home contributing to reduce hospital burden. Enhancement of the care infrastructure will ensure a sustainable provision of palliative care in the domestic environment.

BIRDEM Med J 2021; 11(3): 202-211
State of blood pressure control in adult type 2 diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease and hypertension: experience from a tertiary care centre of Bangladesh
Authors: Hossen Khan Mohammad Sakhawat , Chy Umme Kulsum , Islam Md Rashedul , Alam Dilruba , Habib Rumana , Latif Zafar Ahmed
Published: August 2021

Background: Well controlled blood pressure (BP) is associated with decreased risk of kidney disease progression, cardiovascular events and death. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are frequently seen to have low rates of BP control. This study aimed to find out the proportion of adult type 2 diabetic CKD patients with hypertension achieving the goal of target blood pressure.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 105 hypertensive subjects having type 2 diabetes and CKD at the outpatient department of Nephrology, BIRDEM General Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh from May to August, 2012.

Results: The mean age was 55.6 years and maximum numbers of patients were in the age group of 39-66 years. Among 105 subjects, 52.3% were male and rest 47.7% were female. The mean duration of diabetes, CKD and hypertension were 6.73 (±3.22), 3.12 (±2.47) and 3.1 (±1.77) years respectively. The study revealed that ischemic heart disease (30.5%), dyslipidemia (56.1%) and stroke (13.3%) were associated comorbidity along with diabetes and CKD. Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was 52.19 ml/min. Mean serum creatinine level was 3.4 mg/ dl. It was observed that majority (49.5%) of the study subjects were prescribed at least two drugs to control hypertension. Three anti-hypertensive medications were given in 35.2% subjects. Among 105 study subjects, 25.7% were found to have high systolic blood pressure and 8.8% high diastolic blood pressure. It was observed that only 40% subjects achieved target systolic blood pressure and 68.6% reached the target diastolic pressure for CKD with diabetes. In correlation analysis, it was observed that both systolic and diastolic blood pressure was significantly correlated with age of the subject, duration diabetes and duration of HTN.

Conclusion: From the present study it was seen that both the target systolic and diastolic blood pressure were correlated with numbers of medications used for controlling hypertension but only diastolic blood pressure control was significantly correlated with number of medication used in this present study.

BIRDEM Med J 2021; 11(3): 212-217
Growth of Aspergillus and Mucor spp. in sputum culture of a post-COVID patient: fungal infection or colonization? A clinical challenge in COVID-era
Authors: Chowdhury Tufayel Ahmed , Haque Talha Sami Ul , Barai Lovely , Rahim Muhammad Abdur , Ananna Mehruba Alam , Jahan Israt , Iqbal Sarwar
Published: August 2021

Opportunistic infections, especially invasive fungal infections have emerged as an added health issue in this COVID-era. The dysregulated immune mechanisms in the pathophysiology of COVID-19, its treatment with corticosteroids and other immunomodulatory agents, invasive mechanical ventilation and other forms of ventilatory and oxygen delivery systems, prolonged hospital stay, injudicious use of antimicrobials – all have set the required stages for such infections. Aspergillus spp. and Mucorales are ubiquitous, environmental fungus; may colonize in airways and chronically damaged human lungs, without significant health effects and cause disease, especially in immunocompromized patients. We report case history of a middle aged Bangladeshi man with multiple comorbidities, who presented with fever and respiratory symptoms, four-months after recovery from COVID-19. He had Aspergillus and Mucors on sputum microscopy and cultures; but his response to antibiotics suggested these were colonozations in previously injured lungs by tuberculosis in the form of fibrosis and bronchiectasis. He is well and free of symptoms, two-months since discharge.

BIRDEM Med J 2021; 11(3): 218-222
Gastric mucormycosis in an immunocompetent patient with fatal outcome
Authors: Chowdhury Md Mainul Hasan , Fatema Kaniz , Ahmed Fatema , Ahmed Kazi Nuruddin , Ahsan ASM Areef , Faruque Mohammad Omar
Published: August 2021

Mucormycosis is being reported as a serious fungal infection with grave outcomes among patients recovering from corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This condition is a new challenge for the physicians in this pandemic situation. Mucormycosis predominantly occurs among patients with immunosuppression but immunocompetent patients are not immune. Here, we report a case of gastric mucormycosis occurring in an immunocompetent patient during the pre-COVID era. Patient presented with fever and upper gastro-intestinal bleeding. Diagnostic work-up confirmed gastric mucormycosis. His response to medical management was unsatisfactory and he died while awaiting a gastric resection.

BIRDEM Med J 2021; 11(3): 223-226
Pulmonary aspergillosis: reports of two cases from a primary care center of Bangladesh
Authors: Podder Chinmay Saha , Chowdhury Nandini , Chowdhury Ananya
Published: August 2021

Pulmonary aspergillosis is an uncommon condition and at the same time very much challenging to diagnose and difficult to treat. Here, we present two cases of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, who presented with with chronic low-grade fever, refractory and distressing cough and haemoptysis. The first patient was diagnosed as having aspergilloma in a pre-existing healed tubercular cavity and the second one with subacute necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis, which simulated as bronchial carcinoma.

BIRDEM Med J 2021; 11(3): 227-230
Evidence of expanding geographic distribution of melioidosis in Bangladesh: reports of three cases
Authors: Saha Shudhanshu Kumar , Samad Tabassum , Ul Haque Wasim Md Mohosin
Published: August 2021

Melioidosis is an emerging infectious disease in Bangladesh. Reported cases are mostly diagnosed among inhabitants of central and north-east zone of the country. We report three cases of melioidosis occurring among patients with diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease from not well-known endemic areas within the country. Patients presented with fever, anorexia and weight loss. Laboratory reports confirmed growth of Burkholderia pseudomallei from blood and urine. These cases are reported to increase awareness among physicians regarding melioidosis occurring beyond the so-called hot spots in Bangladesh.
BIRDEM Med J 2021; 11(3): 239-242
Euglycemic ketoacidosis complicating empagliflozin therapy in a Bangladeshi type 2 diabetic lady
Authors: Laboni Rezwana , Afsana Faria , Hossain Kazi Nazmul , Binte Rouf Rushda Sharmin , Amin Mohammod Feroz , Ashrafuzzaman SM , Pathan Md Faruque
Published: August 2021

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute complication of diabetes mellitus, which may occurin both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. It is characterized by hyperglycaemia [blood glucose levels > 250 mg/dL (13.8 mmol/ L)], metabolic acidosis (pH <7.3 or serum bicarbonate <15 mmol/L) with an increased anion gap and the presence of ketone bodies in blood or urine. A subgroup of patients may present without signs of hyperglycemia, rather present with euglycemia, posing a diagnostic challenge due to the absence of the cardinal findings of the pathophysiology in DKA. Here, we report a case of euglycemic ketoacidosis complicating a 50-year-old Bangladeshi diabetic lady receiving empagliflozin treatment.
BIRDEM Med J 2021; 11(3): 243-245
BIRDEM News Vol. 11(3)
Authors: Uddin Khwaja Nazim
Published: August 2021

Abstract not available

BIRDEM Med J 2021; 11(3): 250
From the Desk of Executive Editor Vol. 11(3)
Authors: Uddin Khwaja Nazim
Published: August 2021

Abstract not available

BIRDEM Med J 2021; 11(3): 251
Reviewers of the current issue Vol. 11(3)
Authors: Uddin Khwaja Nazim
Published: August 2021

Abstract not available

BIRDEM Med J 2021; 11(3): 252-253
Impacto y perspectivas futuras del sector turismo frente a la pandemia del Covid-19
Authors: Gualdron-Balaguera Jasson Sloneer
Published: August 2021

San Gil es un municipio colombiano ubicado en el departamento de Santander, desde el año 2004 es reconocido como la capital turística del departamento. Desde ese entonces el turismo ha ido creciendo significativamente. A raíz de la pandemia el sector ha sido fuertemente afectado, motivo por el cual surge esta investigación, orientada a identificar el impacto y las perspectivas del sector turismo. Se llevó a cabo un estudio exploratorio, donde se diseñó una encuesta en Google Forms, la cual fue aplicada a los propietarios, administradores y empleados en puestos directivos, de hoteles, restaurantes, operadoras turísticas y demás negocios relacionados. Se tomó una muestra por conveniencia de 41 empresas y los datos se analizaron mediante el software estadístico SPSS versión número 25. El resultado más importante fue; será de vital importancia para el sector turismo, que en primera instancia las empresas garanticen al consumidor como mínimo seguridad y confianza.
Kulttuuriperintöyrittäjyys maaseudun voimavarana
Authors: Grahn Maarit
Published: August 2021

Artikkelin aiheena on kulttuuriperintöyrittäjyys maaseutumatkailun kehittämisessä ja kulttuuriperintöprosesseissa. Olen kiinnostunut siitä, mikä saa yrittäjän lähtemään kulttuuriperintöyrittäjäksi, millaisia ominaispiirteitä maaseudun kulttuuriperintöyrittäjyyteen liittyy sekä millaista kulttuuriperintöä yrittäjät hyödyntävät ja millä tavoin. Lisäksi tarkastelen maaseudulla toimivien yrittäjien roolia kulttuuriperinnön välittäjinä ja ylläpitäjinä. Tutkin kulttuuriperintöyrittäjyyttä käyttämällä esimerkkinä pääasiassa matkailualalla toimivia pienyrittäjiä Merikarvialla. Tutkimusaineisto koostuu yrittäjien teemahaastatteluista ja osallistuvasta havainnoinnista, jotka toteutin vuonna 2020. Aineistoa olen analysoinut laadullisen tutkimuksen menetelmin. Tutkimukseni mukaan kulttuuriperintöyrittäjäksi ryhdytään monista eri syistä ja yrittäjien taustat ovat hyvin erilaisia. Kulttuuriset arvot ja kestävä kehitys ovat kuitenkin taloudellisten arvojen rinnalla kaikille yrittäjille tärkeitä toimintaa ohjaavia kriteereitä. Maaseudulla toimivat kulttuuriperintöyrittäjät hyödyntävät liiketoiminnassaan sekä paikallista kulttuuriperintöä että luontoa. Heillä on muiden paikallisten toimijoiden ohella tärkeä rooli paikallisidentiteetin,  paikan imagon ja maaseutumatkailun kehittämisessä. Lisäksi kulttuuriperintöä jalostavat yrittäjät toimivat muiden kulttuuriperintötoimijoiden rinnalla kulttuuriperinnön välittäjinä ja ylläpitäjinä. Jalostamalla perintöä eläväksi ja tuottamalla elämyksiä yrittäjät ylläpitävät ihmisten  kiinnostusta kulttuuriperintöön ja luontoon.
Analisis Potensi Penerimaan Pajak Daerah Dan Retribusi Daerah Kota Pematangsiantar
Authors: Asmawati Asmawati , Saragih Amran , Panjaitan Nora Januarti , Kumala Christina
Published: August 2021

Local tax revenues and levies, especially in the city of Pematangsiantar, have not been fully implemented effectively and optimally because one of them is the regulations on tax collection and sanctions for violations that have not been fully enforced. As a developing area, the city of Pematangsiantar should manage sources of income that can be used in development to improve public services in a real and sustainable manner. The potential that exists in Pematangsiantar City must be managed optimally, seen from the number of restaurants and hotels in Pematangsiantar City, an indication that if the government is serious in handling taxes, the revenue that will become Pematangsiantar City's income will increase. However, it is estimated that the main problems in the study of tax potential are not insignificant, mainly related to administrative performance as well as taxpayer compliance. For this reason, a solution is needed how to make efforts to increase tax revenue
Pengawasan Biaya Operasional pada UD. Saroha Serbelawan
Authors: Siringo-ringo Eko Deswin Miechaels , Tampubolon Mega Romauly , Siagian Nancy Florida , Felicia Felicia
Published: August 2021

For companies engaged in providing services, operational costs are a very influential element for the formation of corporate profits. Similarly, the UD. Saroha Serbelawan, so that the management and use of operational costs in this company are always monitored from period to period with a continuous monitoring system to maintain the creation of efficiency and effectiveness of work and to see the responsibility of each part in the deviation that occurs in the use of operational costs. After conducting a review and research on UD. Saroha Serbelawan, it can be seen that in the period of 2004 the company experienced a problem, namely the realization of operating costs in 2004 deviated from a sufficient amount of material from the company's operating budget. " To prove the truth and reality of the company, direct research is carried out in the field to obtain data related to the problem and then conduct library research to obtain theoretical materials as a basis for analyzing and evaluating problems that occur. As for suggestions - suggestions that can be made on the conclusions of the problem that occurs is that in each preparation of operational costs should the company conduct a more careful study of all factors that affect operational costs both internal and external factors and then followed up by increasing supervision of management and use of operational costs, mainly through accounting oversight by creating a more in-company accounting system.
Deteksi Financial Statement Fraud Berdasarkan Perspektif Pressure dalam Fraud Triangle
Authors: Yunus Muhammad , Sianipar Ompon Lastiur , Saragih Kharisma Yudha , Amelia Amelia
Published: August 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of the fraud triangle perspective illustrated by financial stability, external pressure, and financial targets on financial statement fraud on manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2018. This research is a type of causal associative research with a quantitative approach. The sample in this study were 49 Manufacturing Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2018. The type of data used in this study is secondary data. Data analysis method used in this study is Logistic Regression Analysis with the help of SPSS 25 software. The results obtained in this study indicate that external pressure has a positive and significant effect on financial statement fraud. Financial targets have a significant negative effect on financial statement fraud. While financial stability does not significantly influence financial statement fraud.
Some Approximation Results on $\lambda-$	Szasz-Mirakjan-Kantorovich Operators
Authors: ASLAN Reşat
Published: August 2021

In this article, we purpose to obtain several approximation properties of Sz\'{a}sz-Mirakjan-Kantorovich operators with shape parameter $\lambda \in\lbrack-1,1]$. We compute some preliminaries results such as moments and central moments for these operators. Next, we derive the Korovkin type convergence theorem, estimate the degree of convergence with respect to the moduli of continuity, for the functions belong to Lipschitz-type class and Peetre's $K$-functional, respectively. Further, we investigate Voronovskaya type asymptotic theorem and give the comparison of the convergence of these newly defined operators to the certain functions with some graphics.
Implicações das fake news nas práticas de vacinação: relatos produzidos pela equipe de enfermagem
Authors: Pinto Lucas Benício , Silva João Paulo Xavier , Oliveira Vinícius Rodrigues de , Ferreira Maria Luiza Santos , Freitas Kerma Márcia de , Vieira Roberta Peixoto
Published: August 2021

Objetivou-se com o estudo desvelar os relatos e práticas dos profissionais de enfermagem sobre as Fake News e suas implicações nas práticas de vacinação. Concerne a uma pesquisa descritiva-exploratória realizada com oito profissionais da equipe de enfermagem das Estratégias de Saúde da Família de um município cearense, brasileiro respeitando os aspectos éticos e legais pregados pelo Conselho Nacional de Saúde. Foram identificadas duas categorias temáticas empíricas: Concepções sobre Fake News e suas implicações na vacinação; Práxis da enfermagem no contexto das Fake News e Vacinação, que revelaram de que forma os profissionais veem as notícias inverídicas e como essas notícias influenciam em sua atuação, os profissionais precisam deter de conhecimentos para contornar as situações causadas pelos mitos surgidos sobre o processo de vacinação. Evidenciou-se, a necessidade de educação permanente e continuada para os profissionais dessa área com vistas à sua maior qualificação na condução e elaboração de processos educativos em saúde.