bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A multiobjective approach for design of an off‐grid PV/Diesel system considering reliability and cost
Authors: Movahediyan Zahra , Askarzadeh Alireza
Published: November 2018

The aim of the present study is to solve multiobjective optimization (MO) of an off‐grid hybrid power generation system including photovoltaic (PV) and diesel generator by multiobjective version of a recently developed metaheuristic approach named crow search algorithm (CSA). For this goal, the objective functions are regarded as net present cost (NPC) and system reliability defined by loss of power supply probability (LPSP) index. In the optimization problem, operating limitations of diesel generator and uncertainties of solar radiation and load demand are considered. To solve this problem, a multiobjective CSA (MO‐CSA) is developed and the obtained results are compared with the results of nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA‐II). On the case study, simulation results reveals that when diesel generator ramp rate is 100%, at LPSP = 0, MO‐CSA reaches to 54.8 kW and 172.8 m2 for rated power of diesel generator and PV surface area (corresponding cost is 3.7219 × 105 $), while the values found by NSGA‐II are 55 kW and 86.04 m2 (corresponding cost is 3.7345 × 105 $). Based on the results, it can be drawn that (1) MO‐CSA finds more promising results than NSGA‐II, (2) Combination of PV and diesel generator leads to having a cost‐effective and reliable power generation system, and (3) by considering the solar radiation and load uncertainties, the system cost increases. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38:e13101, 2019
Use of surgical sealant in the prevention of pharyngocutaneous fistula after total laryngectomy
Authors: Stephenson Kate A. , Pandey Sarita , Lubbe Darlene E. , Fagan Johannes J.
Published: November 2018

Background

Pharyngocutaneous fistula is a major wound complication of total laryngectomy. Surgical sealants may be used to increase the strength and/or integrity of surgical repairs. The purpose of this study was to present our evaluation of the feasibility and utility of the application of sealant to the pharyngeal repair with the aim of reducing pharyngocutaneous fistula incidence.

Methods

This was a prospective single‐blind randomized controlled study; patients undergoing primary total laryngectomy for advanced carcinoma of the larynx were randomized into control and treatment (albumin‐polyaldehyde sealant applied to pharyngeal repair) groups. Relevant patient, disease, and management‐related factors were recorded.

Results

Forty‐five patients were included (23 controls and 22 who received treatments). No difference in the incidence of pharyngocutaneous fistula was observed between the 2 groups. No treatment‐related complications occurred.

Conclusion

Feasibility of application of an albumin‐polyaldehyde surgical sealant to the pharyngeal repair was demonstrated, however, a pharyngocutaneous fistula‐preventative effect was not observed. Larger animal and clinical studies are encouraged to clarify this finding.
Public‐private partnership (PPP) development: Toward building a PPP framework for healthy eating
Authors: De Pinho Campos Katia , Cohen Joanna E. , Gastaldo Denise , Jadad Alejandro R.
Published: November 2018

Public‐private partnerships (PPPs) in public health have gained great attention in the global health literature over the last two decades. Evidence suggests that PPPs could contribute to mitigating complex health problems. There is, however, limited knowledge about the process and specific conditions in which PPPs for healthy eating, in particular, can be developed successfully. To address this gap, this article first summarizes the literature, and second, using qualitative content analysis, identifies factors deemed to influence the process of building PPPs for healthy eating. The literature search was undertaken in two stages. The first stage focused on PPPs in public health to understand what constitutes a PPP, and the types and characteristics of PPPs. The second stage sought empirical examples and conceptual papers related to PPPs for healthy eating to identify critical elements that could facilitate or hinder partnerships between the government and the food industry. The search yielded 38 articles on PPPs in public health and 20 on PPPs for healthy eating. The analysis generated 23 individual elements that have the potential to influence a successful process of building PPPs for healthy eating (eg, endorsement from an individual champion, equal representation from partner organizations on board committees). The analysis also yielded five factors that appeared to well‐represent the 23 individual elements of PPP formation: motivation, enablers, governance, benefits, and barriers. These results constitute an important step to understand critical factors involved in the formation of PPPs in public health and should inform additional empirical research to validate them.
Pollutant footprint analysis for wastewater management in textile dye houses processing different fabrics
Authors: Sözen Seval , Dulkadiroglu Hakan , Begum Yucel Ayse , Insel Guclu , Orhon Derin
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND

This study investigated the water and pollution footprints of a dye house, which processed cotton knits, polyester (PES) knits and PES‐viscose woven fabrics. Experimental evaluation was carried out for each processing sequence. Variations in wastewater flow and quality were established as a function of the production program in the plant. A model evaluation of wastewater dynamics was performed and defined specifications of an appropriate treatment scheme.

RESULTS

The plant was operated with a capacity of 4300 t year−1 of fabric, which generated a wastewater flow of 403 500 m3 year−1 and a COD load of 675 t year−1. The overall wastewater footprint of the plant was computed as 91 m3 t−1 and the COD footprint as 160 kg t−1 of fabric. Depending on the fabric type, results indicated expected changes in wastewater flow between 600 and 1750 m3 day−1; in COD load between 1470 and 2260 kg day−1 and in COD concentration between 1290 and 3400 mg L−1.

CONCLUSION

A model simulation structured upon COD fractionation and related process kinetics revealed partial removal of slowly biodegradable COD, coupled with high residual COD, which would by‐pass treatment. Resulting biodegradation characteristics necessitated an extended aeration system, which could also enable partial breakdown of residual COD. Effluent COD could be reduced to 220–320 mg L−1 with this wastewater management strategy. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Targeting regulation of cyclin dependent kinase 9 as a novel therapeutic strategy in synovial sarcoma
Authors: Li Xiaoyang , Seebacher Nicole A. , Xiao Tao , Hornicek Francis J. , Duan Zhenfeng
Published: November 2018

Synovial sarcomas hold a low genomic complexity, making it distinct from other types of soft‐tissue sarcomas. Many studies focused on targeting the SS18‐SSX fusion protein, which presents in over 90% of human synovial sarcomas. This protein acts as an oncogenic promoter in the tumorigenesis of synovial sarcomas, making it an ideal therapeutic target. However, to date there have been no effective strategies targeting SS18‐SSX for the treatment of synovial sarcomas. Therefore, it is an urgent need to identify alternative therapeutic targets. More recently, CDK9, a protein involved in RNA transcription regulation, has been investigated for its role in the pathogenesis of cancer. However, the expression and function of CDK9 in synovial sarcomas remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we found that CDK9 was to be largely localized to the cell nucleus, and highly expressed in all tested human synovial sarcoma cell lines and over 90% of human sarcoma tissue microarray samples. High‐CDK9 expression was associated with a poorer patient prognosis of human sarcomas. Inhibition of CDK9, with either siRNA or a CDK9 inhibitor, prevented synovial sarcoma cell growth and proliferation in a dose‐dependent manner. This was also accompanied with a reduction in the phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II and an increase in the expression of anti‐apoptotic proteins. Moreover, CDK9 inhibition decreased sarcoma cell spheroid formation and cell motility. Collectively, these findings highlight the importance of CDK9 in human synovial sarcoma cell growth and proliferation. Therefore, CDK9 may represent a promising target for the treatment of synovial sarcomas. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:510–521, 2019.
Two compartment pharmacokinetic model describes the intra‐articular delivery and retention of rhprg4 following ACL transection in the Yucatan mini pig
Authors: Hurtig Mark , Zaghoul Iman , Sheardown Heather , Schmidt Tannin A. , Liu Lina , Zhang Ling , Elsaid Khaled A. , Jay Gregory D.
Published: November 2018

Treatment of the injured joint with rhPRG4 is based on recent observations that inflammation diminishes expression of native PRG4. Re‐establishing lubrication between pressurized and sliding cartilage surfaces during locomotion promotes the nascent expression of PRG4 and thus intra‐articular (IA) treatment strategies should be supported by pharmacokinetic evidence establishing the residence time of rhPRG4. A total of 21 Yucatan minipigs weighing ∼55 kg each received 4 mg of 131I‐rhPRG4 delivered by IA injection 5 days following surgical ACL transection. Animals were sequentially euthanized following IA rhPRG4 at 10 min (time zero), 24, 72 h, 6, 13 and 20 days later. The decay of the 131I‐rhPRG4 was measured relative to a non‐injected aliquot and normalized to the weight of cartilage samples, menisci and synovium, and known cartilage volumes from each compartment surface obtained from representative Yucatan minipig knees. Decay of 131I‐rhPRG4 from joint tissues best fit a two‐compartment model with an α half‐life (t1/2α) of 11.28 h and β half‐life (t1/2β) of 4.81 days. The tibial and femoral cartilage, meniscii, and synovium retained 7.7% of dose at 24 h. High concentrations of rhPRG4 were found in synovial fluid (SF) that was non‐aspiratable and resided on the articular surfaces, removable by irrigation, at 10 min following 131I‐rhPRG4 injection. Synovial fluid K21 exceeded K12 and SF t1/2β was 28 days indicating SF is the reservoir for rhPRG4 following IA injection. Clinical Significance: rhPRG4 following IA delivery in a traumatized joint populates articular surfaces for a considerable period and may promote the native expression of PRG4. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:386–396, 2019.
Pseudospin‐Mediated Optical Spin–Spin Interaction in Nonlinear Photonic Graphene
Authors: Guan Chunying , Shi Jinhui , Liu Jianlong , Liu Hongchao , Li Ping , Ye Weimin , Zhang Shuang
Published: November 2018

Dynamic manipulation of the spin of photons is important for many applications ranging from optical sensing to optical information processing. In the past, the study on controlling the spin of light has focused on chiral materials, three‐dimensional structures lacking any mirror symmetries. However, the complexity of fabrication of such structures has hindered their practical applications. In this work, the dynamic switching of optical chirality in two‐dimensional honeycomb photonic crystal—the so‐called photonic graphene is explored. In particular, optical spin–spin interaction mediated by the pseudospin states of the photonic graphene is proposed. A circularly polarized pumping beam can lift the degeneracy at the Dirac cones, leading to chiral responses for a probe beam incident along the direction of the Dirac points. Interestingly, the chirality is determined by the both the valley index and the spin of the pumping beam. The proposed nonlinear photonic graphene offers a new route to manipulate valley‐ and spin‐dependent phenomena in 2D photonic systems.
Homogeneous B1+ for bilateral breast imaging at 7 T using a five dipole transmit array merged with a high density receive loop array
Authors: Krikken Erwin , Steensma Bart R. , Voogt Ingmar J. , Luijten Peter R. , Klomp Dennis W.J. , Raaijmakers Alexander J.E. , Wijnen Jannie P.
Published: November 2018

To explore the use of five meandering dipole antennas in a multi‐transmit setup, combined with a high density receive array for breast imaging at 7 T for improved penetration depth and more homogeneous B1 field. Five meandering dipole antennas and 30 receiver loops were positioned on two cups around the breasts. Finite difference time domain simulations were performed to evaluate RF safety limits of the transmit setup. Scattering parameters of the transmit setup and coupling between the antennas and the detuned loops were measured. In vivo parallel imaging performance was investigated for various acceleration factors. After RF shimming, a B1 map, a T1‐weighted image, and a T2‐weighted image were acquired to assess B1 efficiency, uniformity in contrast weighting, and imaging performance in clinical applications. The maximum achievable local SAR10g value was 7.0 W/kg for 5 × 1 W accepted power. The dipoles were tuned and matched to a maximum reflection of −11.8 dB, and a maximum inter‐element coupling of −14.2 dB. The maximum coupling between the antennas and the receive loops was −18.2 dB and the mean noise correlation for the 30 receive loops 7.83 ± 8.69%. In vivo measurements showed an increased field of view, which reached to the axilla, and a high transmit efficiency. This coil enabled the acquisition of T1‐weighted images with a high spatial resolution of 0.7 mm3 isotropic and T2‐weighted spin echo images with uniformly weighted contrast.
Smart photoactive soft materials for environmental cleaning and energy production through incorporation of nanophotocatalyst on polymers and textiles
Authors: Komeily‐Nia Zahra , Montazer Majid , Heidarian Pejman , Nasri‐Nasrabadi Bijan
Published: November 2018

Energy and environment are key issues for the sustainable development of human beings and are also the current and long‐term focuses of scientific research. New energy and environmental technologies in combination with polymer and textile science work to create many additional functions for conventional polymers and fabrics. Therefore, some novel technical polymers and textiles, such as photovoltaic and photocatalytic polymers and textiles, have begun to emerge. Generally, light‐activated chemicals, materials, or processes that are produced or enabled by light and the agent absorbing light starting a photochemical alteration in the system is nominated as photocatalyst. This review firstly introduces the different photoactive materials, their classifications, and degradation mechanism. Then, inorganic semiconductor nanoparticles were selected as the best candidate for the application in soft materials. Finally, a detailed study was provided on both preparations of photoactive soft materials using metal oxide semiconductors and their advantages and applications. This paper will be more helpful for the scientists working in the field of photoactive soft materials.
Preparation of biodegradable microcapsules through an organic solvent‐free interfacial polymerization method
Authors: Xiao Yao , Wu Bo , Fu Xiaowei , Wang Rui , Lei Jingxin
Published: November 2018

We prepared microcapsules through an organic solvent‐free interfacial polymerization method, which avoids the release of volatile organic compounds arising from conventional interfacial polymerization methods for microencapsulation. These microcapsules have single and narrow particle size distribution and are spherical pellets with smooth and intact shell, and own excellent biodegradability. Additionally, these biodegradable microcapsules have a higher encapsulation efficiency compared with the microcapsules prepared through conventional interfacial polymerization method and possess sustained and controlled release of core materials.
A new biometric: In utero growth curves for metacarpal and phalangeal lengths reveal an embryonic patterning ratio
Authors: Rao Rashmi , Gornbein Jeffrey , Afshar Yalda , Platt Lawrence D. , DeVore Greggory R. , Krakow Deborah
Published: November 2018

Objectives

The objectives of this study are to develop gestational age‐specific growth curves for fetal third metacarpal and phalangeal lengths and to determine if fetal hand proportion is established in utero.

Methods

This prospective cross‐sectional study used 2D ultrasound across gestational ages 12 to 39 weeks to evaluate the third fetal metacarpal and phalangeal measurements. Gestational age‐specific reference growth curves were developed. Associations between continuous variables were assessed using Spearman correlations (rs) and restricted cubic splines. A nonlinear biologic regression model was used to predict metacarpal and phalangeal lengths as a function of gestational age. Measurements derived from five cases of thanatophoric dysplasia were used to determine if brachydactyly could be objectified.

Results

Fetal metacarpal and phalangeal lengths are highly correlated across gestational age (rs = 0.96, P < 0.001). The mean fetal metacarpal to phalangeal ratio is constant from gestational age 15 to 39 weeks (rs = −0.07, P = 0.49). Third‐digit metacarpal and phalangeal lengths in thanatophoric dysplasia showed brachydactyly in all cases (5/5), and none of the cases (0/5) demonstrated a normal metacarpal to phalangeal ratio of 0.49.

Conclusion

We present gestational age‐specific reference growth curves for fetal third metacarpal and phalangeal lengths, which may be used to detect brachydactyly. We demonstrate a prenatal metacarpal to phalangeal ratio of 1:2.
Risdiplam distributes and increases SMN protein in both the central nervous system and peripheral organs
Authors: Poirier Agnès , Weetall Marla , Heinig Katja , Bucheli Franz , Schoenlein Kerstin , Alsenz Jochem , Bassett Simon , Ullah Mohammed , Senn Claudia , Ratni Hasane , Naryshkin Nikolai , Paushkin Sergey , Mueller Lutz
Published: November 2018

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare, inherited neuromuscular disease caused by deletion and/or mutation of the Survival of Motor Neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. A second gene, SMN2, produces low levels of functional SMN protein that are insufficient to fully compensate for the lack of SMN1. Risdiplam (RG7916; RO7034067) is an orally administered, small‐molecule SMN2 pre‐mRNA splicing modifier that distributes into the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral tissues. To further explore risdiplam distribution, we assessed in vitro characteristics and in vivo drug levels and effect of risdiplam on SMN protein expression in different tissues in animal models. Total drug levels were similar in plasma, muscle, and brain of mice (n = 90), rats (n = 148), and monkeys (n = 24). As expected mechanistically based on its high passive permeability and not being a human multidrug resistance protein 1 substrate, risdiplam CSF levels reflected free compound concentration in plasma in monkeys. Tissue distribution remained unchanged when monkeys received risdiplam once daily for 39 weeks. A parallel dose‐dependent increase in SMN protein levels was seen in CNS and peripheral tissues in two SMA mouse models dosed with risdiplam. These in vitro and in vivo preclinical data strongly suggest that functional SMN protein increases seen in patients’ blood following risdiplam treatment should reflect similar increases in functional SMN protein in the CNS, muscle, and other peripheral tissues.
Mixed effects of landscape complexity and insecticide use on ladybeetle abundance in wheat fields
Authors: Yang Long , Zhang Qian , Liu Bing , Zeng Yingda , Pan Yunfei , Li Minlong , Lu Yanhui
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND

Although the abundance of insect natural enemies in crop fields may be influenced by the surrounding landscape and local field management, particularly insecticide use at the local scale, few studies have examined these factors simultaneously. In this study, we investigated the effects of landscape context and insecticide use in local fields on ladybeetle abundance in wheat fields in northern China.

RESULTS

Woodlots and fallow land were the most important landscape variables enhancing ladybeetle abundance. We used the cumulative percentage of these land types to characterize landscape complexity. Comparing the change in ladybeetle abundance in wheat fields within different landscapes and with different in‐field insecticide regimes, we found that although more complex landscapes enhanced ladybeetle abundance, the negative effects of insecticide use on ladybeetle populations were not offset by landscape complexity. Additionally, the positive effects of more complex landscapes on ladybeetle abundance were not significant in wheat fields subjected to high insecticide use.

CONCLUSION

Ladybeetle abundance is enhanced by landscape complexity, but this is modified by insecticide use in local fields. Within‐field efforts to maximize the conservation biological control of pests to improve crop yield should take into account the influence of the surrounding landscape. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
The understanding of solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formation and mechanism as the effect of flouro‐o‐phenylenedimaleimaide (F‐MI) additive on lithium‐ion battery
Authors: Hamidah Nur Laila , Wang Fu Ming , Nugroho Gunawan
Published: November 2018

Solid electrolyte interface (SEI) is a critical factor that influences battery performance. SEI layer is formed by the decomposition of organic and inorganic compounds after the first cycle. This study investigates SEI formation as a product of electrolyte decomposition by the presence of flouro‐o‐phenylenedimaleimaide (F‐MI) additive. The presence of fluorine on the maleimide‐based additive can increase storage capacity and reversible discharge capacity due to high electronegativity and high electron‐withdrawing group. The electrolyte containing 0.1 wt% of F‐MI‐based additive can trigger the formation of SEI, which could suppress the decomposition of remaining electrolyte. The reduction potential was 2.35 to 2.21 V vs Li/Li+ as examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) cell with F‐MI additive showed the lowest SEI resistance (Rsei) at 5898 Ω as evaluated by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The morphology and element analysis on the negative electrode after the first charge‐discharge cycle were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XPS result showed that MCMB cell with F‐MI additive provides a higher intensity of organic compounds (RCH2OCO2Li) and thinner SEI than MCMB cell without an additive that provides a higher intensity of inorganic compound (Li2CO3 and Li2O), which leads to the performance decay. It is concluded that attaching the fluorine functional group on the maleimide‐based additive forms the ideal SEI formation for lithium‐ion battery.
Structural, magnetic, and morphological study of cosputtered FeAl thin film grown in nonreactive environment
Authors: Brajpuriya Ranjeet , Rajan Sandeep , Jani Snehal , Vyas Anupam
Published: November 2018

Fe‐Al alloying is a matter of interest because of its technological importance and many applications. Different growth conditions may lead to different results, ie, formation of various phases. These phases may be magnetic or nonmagnetic in nature. Cosputtering of Fe and Al with magnetron‐sputtering setup provides us with a good option of alloying and to study the various phase formations. As, yet now researchers studied the alloying through cosputtering process only in oxygen environment, so a study in nonreactive environment was inevitable and interesting. Therefore, the authors went for Fe‐Al thin‐film synthesis using the magnetron sputtering in argon environment. Hence, this paper discusses the Fe and Al alloy formation in argon environment and annealed the samples at different temperatures for different time durations so as to allow various phase formations. The samples were characterized with grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction (GIXRD), grazing incidence X‐ray reflectivity (GIXRR), magneto‐optical Kerr effect (MOKE), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques so as to study structural, morphological, and magnetic properties. The results confirm that cosputtering provides better chances of alloying and also supports formation of various stable phases in comparison with other available techniques.
Identifying prognostic structural features in tissue sections of colon cancer patients using point pattern analysis
Authors: Jones‐Todd Charlotte M. , Caie Peter , Illian Janine B. , Stevenson Ben C. , Savage Anne , Harrison David J. , Bown James L.
Published: November 2018

Diagnosis and prognosis of cancer are informed by the architecture inherent in cancer patient tissue sections. This architecture is typically identified by pathologists, yet advances in computational image analysis facilitate quantitative assessment of this structure. In this article, we develop a spatial point process approach to describe patterns in cell distribution within tissue samples taken from colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. In particular, our approach is centered on the Palm intensity function. This leads to taking an approximate‐likelihood technique in fitting point processes models. We consider two Neyman‐Scott point processes and a void process, fitting these point process models to the CRC patient data. We find that the parameter estimates of these models may be used to quantify the spatial arrangement of cells. Importantly, we observe characteristic differences in the spatial arrangement of cells between patients who died from CRC and those alive at follow up.
Fabrication of Graphitic Carbon Nitride Quantum Dots and Their Application for Simultaneous Fluorescence Imaging and pH‐Responsive Drug Release
Authors: Dong Jian , Zhao Yanli , Wang Kaiqi , Chen Hongyu , Liu Li , Sun Baoliang , Yang Mingfeng , Sun Liping , Wang Yi , Yu Xuegang , Dong Lifeng
Published: November 2018

A simple approach is developed to produce fluorescent graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots (g‐CNQDs) by refluxing bulk graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) in HNO3 followed by a direct hydrothermal treatment. Owing to their small size, intrinsic optical properties, low toxicity, and useful non‐covalent interactions with the antitumor drug doxorubicin (DOX), g‐CNQDs are investigated as fluorescent nanocarriers for DOX without any pre‐modification. The inherent fluorescence of g‐CNQDs and DOX provides the drug delivery system (g‐CNQDs‐DOX) with dual‐color imaging for revealing the intracellular localization of g‐CNQDs and DOX release. The release profiles of DOX from g‐CNQDs‐DOX reveal a strong dependence on the environmental pH value, which is beneficial for mollifying side effects following chemotherapy. Cellular uptake of g‐CNQDs‐DOX indicates that not only DOX but also some g‐CNQDs penetrate cell nuclei after 16 h of incubation, which leads g‐CNQDs‐DOX to be more toxic than DOX. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using g‐CNQDs as a traceable and pH‐responsive drug delivery system due to their unique structural properties.
Design, Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Ruthenium Complexes of Flavonethiosemicarbazones as Antiproliferative and Mycobacterial Activities
Authors: Singh Ashok K. , Saxena Gunjan , Singh Ravindra K. , Kumari Lovely , Sharma Rishabh , Singh Sudheer K. , Sahabzada  , Arshad Mohamad
Published: November 2018

The ruthenium(II) complexes of 3‐hydroxy‐4'‐substituted flavonethiosemicarbazones, (where 4'‐substituents are ‐OCH3 (LB1), ‐Cl (LB2), NMe2 (LB3)) with Ru(bpy)2Cl2 and Ru (phen)2Cl2 (bpy=2, 2′ bipyridine; Phen=1, 10 phenanthroline) viz. [Ru(bpy)2(LB1)]Cl2 (MB1), [Ru(bpy)2(LB2)]Cl2.2H2O, (MB2), [Ru(bpy)2(LB3)]Cl2.H2O (MB3), [Ru(phen)2(LB1)]Cl2.H2O, (MP1), [Ru(phen)2(LB2)]Cl2⋅1.5H2O (MP2), [Ru(phen)2(LB3)]Cl2 (MP3) were synthesized in good yield. All the compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, UV/Vis spectroscopy and ESI‐MS. The spectral features of the complexes matches well to their corresponding formula. The gas phase molecular structures of all complexes were determined using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. All the compounds were screened on A549 (Human Lung carcinoma) cell line using the MTT cell viability assay. The anti‐mycobacterial drug susceptibility testing (DST) was performed using Resazurin Microtiter plate assay with glycerol as carbon source. The effect of compounds on morphological changes of cultured cells was analysed. The compound MB2 showed good cytotoxic activity against human lung carcinoma cell line A549. Similarly, compound MP2 showed good anti‐mycobacterial activity with more than 40% inhibition of growth.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Carbazole Aminoalcohols as Antitumor Agents
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Yang Tingyuan , Wang Weisi , Yao Junmin , Han Shaomin , Tao Yi , Wang Rui , Duan Liping
Published: November 2018

A series of racemic and chiral carbazole aminoalcohols were synthesized and evaluated of their antitumor activities. The heterocycle, substitution site, length of alkyl chain as well as chirality were proved to interfere the topoisomerase I (topo I) inhibition activities. Carbazole aminoalcohols with potent topo I inhibition activities, like pyrrolidine derivative 5 and propyl‐ to pentyl‐ amines derivatives 7, 14, 15 and 24, were proved to exhibit good antitumor activities with IC50s in the single digit micromolar range against cancer cell lines A549, HCT116, and MDA‐MB‐231. Meanwhile, the hexyl‐ to decyl‐ amines substituted carbazole aminoalcohols (16‐22), though not showing good topo I inhibition activities, were also found to have potent antitumor activities. Further research proved that the representative compound 16 had broad‐spectrum antitumor activities against 15 cancer cell lines from various organs with IC50s at 1.5 – 7.9 μΜ and induced apoptosis‐inducing activities in leukemia cell lines. In in vivo studies, 16 inhibits the tumor growth in OCI‐AML2 xenograft model with TGI = 43%. Bcl‐2 was proved to involve in compound 16 induced apoptosis.
Gallium Coordination Polymers Based on Bis‐pyridylethylene Containing Neutral and Cationic 1D Chains and 2D Networks
Authors: Schäfer Thomas , Müller‐Buschbaum Klaus
Published: November 2018

Two new coordination polymers constituted by gallium trichloride and 1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethylene (bpe) were synthesized. Reactions by the solvent‐free melt‐synthesis approach lead to the unusual formation of multiple cationic coordination polymers containing one‐dimensional chains 1∞[GaCl2(bpe)3]+ and two‐dimensional networks 2∞[Ga2Cl4(bpe)5]2+ in one compound of the formula 2∞[Ga2Cl4(bpe)5]1∞[GaCl2(bpe)3]2[GaCl4]4·3bpe. Reactions under solvothermal conditions in benzene lead to the formation of a neutral one‐dimensional coordination polymer 1∞[GaCl3(bpe)]. Both coordination polymers were characterized by SCXRD, PXRD, simultaneous DTA/TG, elemental analysis, and IR spectroscopy.
M-theory curves from warped AdS6 in Type IIB
Authors: Kaidi Justin , Uhlemann Christoph F.
Published: November 2018

Abstract

We establish a close relation between recently constructed AdS6 solutions in Type IIB supergravity, which describe the near-horizon limit of (p, q) 5-brane junctions, and the curves wrapped by M5-branes in the M-theory realization of the 5-brane junctions. This provides a geometric interpretation of various objects appearing in the construction of the Type IIB solutions and a physical interpretation of the regularity conditions. Conversely, the Type IIB solutions provide explicit solutions to the equations defining the M-theory curves associated with (p, q) 5-brane junctions.
Shockwave S-matrix from Schwarzian quantum mechanics
Authors: Lam Ho Tat , Mertens Thomas G. , Turiaci Gustavo J. , Verlinde Herman
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Schwarzian quantum mechanics describes the collective IR mode of the SYK model and captures key features of 2D black hole dynamics. Exact results for its correlation functions were obtained in [1]. We compare these results with bulk gravity expectations. We find that the semi-classical limit of the OTO four-point function exactly matches with the scattering amplitude obtained from the Dray-’t Hooft shockwave

$$ \mathcal{S} $$

S

-matrix. We show that the two point function of heavy operators reduces to the semi-classical saddle-point of the Schwarzian action. We also explain a previously noted match between the OTO four point functions and 2D conformal blocks. Generalizations to higher-point functions are discussed.
V. Fulfilling the Rules
Authors: Yocum Sandra
Published: November 2018

I am an unapologetic admirer of rules. In fact, one of my friends has dubbed me “the rule follower.” So, I greatly appreciate Curtis Freeman's careful delineation of Baptist as well as Catholic rules for intercommunion and commend his quite appropriate apprehension about “breaking the rules.” To ignore these rules subverts the sacred reality that intercommunion is seeking to promote. But what if, instead of thinking about how to avoid breaking the rules, we gave serious attention to what fulfilling these rules might mean? Is there any circumstance in which faithful Baptists might partake in communion with their equally faithful Catholic brothers and sisters that might actually affirm these rules that guide and limit intercommunion? I take this approach to the question of intercommunion relying on two sources. First, the rules themselves, especially the recognition of “profound spiritual need,” invite spiritual discernment as much as canonical jurisprudence. Second, these rules share an affinity with “Rule,” long in the Christian tradition, understood as a detailed guide for a communal way of life that gradually forms participants into the life of Christ.
The prevalence and treatment of mental health conditions documented in general practice in Ireland
Authors: O’Doherty Jane , Hannigan Ailish , Hickey Louise , Meagher David , Cullen Walter , O’Connor Raymond , O’Regan Andrew
Published: November 2018

Objectives

As prevalence of mental health disorders increases worldwide, recognition and treatment of these disorders falls increasingly into the remit of primary care. This study investigated the prevalence and management of adults presenting to their general practitioner (GP) in Ireland with a psychological condition.

Methods

A random number function was used to select 100 patients with a consultation in the previous 2 years from 40 general practices around Ireland. The clinical records of these patients were examined using a standardised reporting tool to extract information on demographics, eligibility for free care, prevalence and treatment of psychological conditions.

Results

From a sample of 3845 ‘active’ patients, 620 (16%, 95% confidence interval 15–17%) had a documented psychological condition in the previous 2 years. The most common diagnoses were depression (54%) followed by stress and anxiety (47%). The following patient characteristics were associated with having a documented mental health condition: female gender; higher GP consultation rate; a referral or attendance at secondary care and eligibility for free GP care. Of those with a psychological condition, 34% received a psychological intervention and 81% received a pharmacological intervention.

Conclusions

The overall prevalence estimate of mental health disorders for this sample was lower than previously documented in primary care. Patients diagnosed with mental health disorders had higher utilisation of health services and pharmacological treatment was common.
Preliminary analysis of gaseous radiocarbon behavior in a geological repository hosted in salt rock
Authors: Levizzari Riccardo , Ferrucci Barbara , Luce Alfredo
Published: November 2018

A preliminary evaluation of gaseous radiocarbon (14C) behavior under geological repository conditions for Italian radioactive high level waste-long-lived and intermediate level waste disposal has been performed. Although in Italy there is still no defined project for a geological disposal facility, current work may support future safety assessment studies for a hypothetical future repository in deep salt rock. In the Italian context of radioactive waste, the percentage of 14C bearing waste to be disposed in a possible geological repository is low; irradiated graphite is the most important radiological source. Data about the radiological inventory has been collected to simulate production and migration of gaseous 14C in a hypothetical geological repository. Three different conceptual models have been developed and simulated. The first model has considered a preliminary evaluation of the radiological impact referred to the whole inventory; the second and third model have evaluated the impact only due to the irradiated graphite. A preliminary sensitivity analysis has been carried out, highlighting the importance of geometry and of distribution coefficients (Kd) in materials used to seal the disposal underground facility. Results show the possibility to correlate the Kd values, the volume and the location of the sealing materials to the amount of 14C migrating toward the surface.
The Structure of Root Data and Smooth Regular Embeddings of Reductive Groups
Authors: Taylor Jay
Published: November 2018

We investigate the structure of root data by considering their decomposition as a product of a semisimple root datum and a torus. Using this decomposition, we obtain a parametrization of the isomorphism classes of all root data. By working at the level of root data, we introduce the notion of a smooth regular embedding of a connected reductive algebraic group, which is a refinement of the commonly used regular embeddings introduced by Lusztig. In the absence of Steinberg endomorphisms, such embeddings were constructed by Benjamin Martin. In an unpublished manuscript, Asai proved three key reduction techniques that are used for reducing statements about arbitrary connected reductive algebraic groups, equipped with a Frobenius endomorphism, to those whose derived subgroup is simple and simply connected. Using our investigations into root data we give new proofs of Asai's results and generalize them so that they are compatible with Steinberg endomorphisms. As an illustration of these ideas, we answer a question posed to us by Olivier Dudas concerning unipotent supports.
A novel use of intratympanic dexamethasone for intractable posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: report of two cases
Authors: Kelkar A , Johnson I
Published: November 2018

Background

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is a common inner-ear pathology, characterised by episodic vertigo lasting for a few seconds that is associated with sudden change in the head position. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is treated with canalolith repositioning manoeuvres. Intractable vertigo describes a small group of patients who either do not improve with canalolith repositioning manoeuvres (persistent cases) or who relapse after improvement of initial symptoms (recurrent cases). These cases are difficult to treat and may have to be treated surgically.

Case reports

This paper reports two cases of intractable posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo that were treated with intratympanic dexamethasone injections on an interval basis.

Results

Both patients showed good control of their vertiginous symptoms, with negative Dix–Hallpike test findings following the intervention.

Conclusion

The findings support an underlying inflammatory pathology in intractable benign paroxysmal positional vertigo; intratympanic steroids should be considered as an intermediate option before proceeding to a definitive surgical intervention.
Judaean Ethnicity and Christ-Following Voluntarism? A Reply to Steve Mason and Philip Esler
Authors: Horrell David G.
Published: November 2018

InNTS63 (2017), Steve Mason and Philip Esler responded to an earlier article of mine by setting out their grounds for a categorical distinction between Judaean ‘ethnic’ identity and Christ-following voluntary association and by rejecting the idea that drawing this contrast could reflect or legitimate modern notions of implicit Christian superiority. In this reply, intended to clarify the issues at stake and the grounds for disagreement, questions are first raised about various aspects of the approach to ethnicity that Mason and Esler adopt, illustrating the main points with brief examples from relevant texts and contemporary scholarship. Specifically, I consider the value of multiple rather than singular categorisations, the idea that ethnicity should be seen as multiple, fluid and hybrid in character, the relationship between ethnicity and religion, and the contrast between real and fictive kinship. Finally, I return to the issue of the ways in which scholarship may reflect its contexts of production and the need to probe this critically, offering specific illustrations of the reasons for my claims. Whether my particular suggestions concerning the implications of the dichotomy between Judaean/Jewish ethnicity and ‘trans-ethnic’ Christian identity are right or wrong, I argue for the importance of critical reflection on the impact of contemporary location on historical reconstruction.
Paul's Allusive Reasoning in 1 Corinthians 11.7–12
Authors: Newberry Julie
Published: November 2018

This article examines Paul's use of scriptural allusion in 1 Cor 11.7–12, highlighting underappreciated echoes of Zerubbabel's discourse in 1 Esdras 4.13–41. Paul puts Genesis 1, Genesis 2 and 1 Esdras 4 into conversation to support what may strike many today as a tension-fraught position. He assumes a patriarchal gender hierarchy (1 Cor 11.7–9) but also affirms woman's ‘authority’ over her head, albeit tendentiously (11.10). Rather than resolving the resulting tension, Paul uses additional, counterbalancing allusions to redirect attention away from the question of status, towards recognition of interdependence ‘in the Lord’ and shared origin in God (11.11–12).
Examining second language vocabulary growth: Replications of Schmitt (1998) and Webb & Chang (2012)
Authors: Pellicer-Sánchez Ana
Published: November 2018

There has been extensive research in the last 20 years on the effectiveness of different instructional interventions and learning conditions on the acquisition of vocabulary. However, very few attempts have been made to explore how vocabulary knowledge develops over time. This paper argues for the need to conduct more longitudinal studies on vocabulary learning and teaching and provides suggestions for important replication studies in the area. In particular, this paper calls for the replication of the studies by Schmitt (1998) and Webb & Chang (2012). Unlike most studies on vocabulary learning and teaching, these two follow a longitudinal approach and study vocabulary growth from two main perspectives, i.e. the development of vocabulary depth and vocabulary breadth. The approximate replications suggested here would constitute an important contribution to the field of vocabulary learning and teaching.
Paradigm uniformity bias in the learning of Korean verbal inflections
Authors: Do Youngah
Published: November 2018

This study explores the role of paradigm uniformity bias in the acquisition of Korean verbal inflections. Paradigm uniformity bias has been proposed in a constraint-based phonological framework, but has rarely been supported by experimental data. This paper provides experimental evidence for paradigm uniformity bias from four- to seven-year-old Korean children learning their native language phonology. Experiment 1 demonstrates that children alter morphological structures in order to produce non-alternating verb forms. Experiment 2 shows that the tendency to adjust morphological structures is rooted in children's preference for uniform paradigms, not in their ignorance of alternations. The results suggest that paradigm uniformity bias plays a role in determining children's preferred production patterns, which favour non-alternating forms even after they have acquired adult-like knowledge of the patterns of alternations.
Labial harmony in Turkic, Tungusic and Mongolic languages: an element approach
Authors: Moskal Beata
Published: November 2018

It has been observed that the trigger and target in labial harmony are sometimes required to share a particular feature. Working within the framework of Radical CV Phonology, I argue that labial harmony is always subject to further requirements, stated in terms of additional licensing relations. Radical CV Phonology uses a limited set of elements that can be involved in such licensing, resulting in a restricted typology of labial harmony. Furthermore, I propose a distinction between lexical elements, which are always visible, and elements derived through harmony, which become visible in cycles. Crucially, elements derived through labial harmony do not have access to elements derived through tongue-root harmony, thus accounting for the lack of labial harmony in high vowels in tongue-root harmony systems. This architecture also accounts naturally for the behaviour of /i/, which is opaque to labial harmony in Tungusic languages but transparent to labial harmony in Mongolic languages.
Voter Mobilization 101: Presidential Campaign Visits to Colleges and Universities in the 2016 Election
Authors: Devine Christopher J.
Published: November 2018

Presidential candidates frequently hold campaign events on college and university campuses. Yet, the frequency of and motivations for holding these events on-campus has not been subject to systematic empirical analysis. This article analyzes an original database of presidential campaign visits in 2016 to determine how often and why the candidates held their events on-campus. I find that colleges and universities hosted more campaign visits (16.9%) than any other type of venue in 2016. Also, the Democratic candidates apparently used these visits to mobilize young people to register and vote. Democrats (29.5%) visited campuses far more often than Republicans (8.2%), and—unlike Republicans—Democrats were significantly more likely to hold events on-campus, instead of at another venue, as the host-state’s voter registration deadline, its early voting period, or Election Day neared. This research informs scholars’ understanding of the role that young people, as well as colleges and universities, play in American electoral politics.
WKB EXPANSIONS FOR HYPERBOLIC BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS IN A STRIP: SELFINTERACTION MEETS STRONG WELL-POSEDNESS
Authors: Benoit Antoine
Published: November 2018

In this article we are interested in the rigorous construction of WKB expansions for hyperbolic boundary value problems in the strip $\mathbb{R}^{d-1}\times [0,1]$. In this geometry, a new inversibility condition has to be imposed to construct the WKB expansion. This new condition is due to selfinteraction phenomenon which naturally appear when several boundary conditions are imposed. More precisely, by selfinteraction we mean that some rays can regenerated themselves after some rebounds against the sides of the strip. This phenomenon is not new and has already been studied in Benoit (Geometric optics expansions for hyperbolic corner problems, I: self-interaction phenomenon, Anal. PDE9(6) (2016), 1359–1418), Sarason and Smoller (Geometrical optics and the corner problem, Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal.56 (1974/75), 34–69) in the corner geometry. In this framework the existence of such selfinteracting rays is linked to specific geometries of the characteristic variety and may seem to be somewhat anecdotal. However for the strip geometry such rays become generic. The new inversibility condition, used to construct the WKB expansion, is a microlocalized version of the one characterizing the uniform in time strong well-posedness (Benoit, Lower exponential strong well-posedness of hyperbolic boundary value problems in a strip (preprint)). It is interesting to point here that such a situation already occurs in the half space geometry (Kreiss, Initial boundary value problems for hyperbolic systems, Comm. Pure Appl. Math.23 (1970), 277–298).