bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determining Which Binary Component Hosts the TESS Transiting Planet
Authors: Lester Kathryn V. , Howell Steve B. , Ciardi David R. , Matson Rachel A.
Published: July 2022

The NASA TESS mission has discovered many transiting planets orbiting bright nearby stars, and high-resolution imaging studies have revealed that a number of these exoplanet hosts reside in binary or multiple star systems. In such systems, transit observations alone cannot determine which star in the binary system actually hosts the orbiting planet. The knowledge of which star the planet orbits is necessary for determining accurate physical properties for the planet, especially its true radius and mean bulk density. We derived the mean stellar densities for the components of 23 binary systems using the light curve transit shape and the binary flux ratio from speckle imaging, then tested the consistency with stellar models to determine which component is the host star. We found that 70% of the TESS transiting planets in our sample orbit the primary star.
The Size–Mass Relation of Post-starburst Galaxies in the Local Universe
Authors: Chen Xinkai , Lin Zesen , Kong Xu , Liang Zhixiong , Chen Guangwen , Zhang Hong-Xin
Published: July 2022

We present a study of the size–mass relation for local post-starburst (PSB) galaxies at z ≲ 0.33 selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 8. We find that PSB galaxies with stellar mass (M
*) at 109
M
☉ < M
* < 1012
M
☉ have a galaxy size smaller than or comparable to those of quiescent galaxies (QGs). After controlling redshift and stellar mass, the sizes of PSBs are ∼13% smaller on average than those of QGs; such differences become larger and significant toward the low-M
* end, especially at 109.5
M
☉ ≲ M
* ≲ 1010.5
M
☉ where PSBs can be on average ∼19% smaller than QGs. By comparing predictions of possible PSB evolutionary pathways from cosmological simulations, we suggest that a fast quenching of star formation following a short-lived starburst event (which might be induced by a major merger) should be the dominant pathway of our PSB sample. Furthermore, by cross-matching with group catalogs, we confirm that local PSBs at M
* ≲ 1010
M
☉ are more clustered than more massive ones. PSBs residing in groups are found to be slightly larger in galaxy size and more disk-like compared to field PSBs, which is qualitatively consistent with and thus hints at the environment-driven fast quenching pathway for group PSBs. Taken together, our results support multiple evolutionary pathways for local PSB galaxies: while massive PSBs are thought of as products of fast quenching following a major merger-induced starburst, environment-induced fast quenching should play a role in the evolution of less massive PSBs, especially at M
* ≲ 1010
M
☉.
General Relativistic Implicit Monte Carlo Radiation-hydrodynamics
Authors: Roth Nathaniel , Anninos Peter , Robinson Peter B. , Peterson J. Luc , Polak Brooke , Mangan Tymothy K. , Beyer Kyle
Published: July 2022

We report on a new capability added to our general relativistic radiation-magnetohydrodynamics code, Cosmos++: an implicit Monte Carlo (IMC) treatment for radiation transport. The method is based on a Fleck-type implicit discretization of the radiation-hydrodynamics equations, but generalized for both Newtonian and relativistic regimes. A multiple reference frame approach is used to geodesically transport photon packets (and solve the hydrodynamics equations) in the coordinate frame, while radiation–matter interactions are handled either in the fluid or electron frames then communicated via Lorentz boosts and orthonormal tetrad bases attached to the fluid. We describe a method for constructing estimators of radiation moments using path-weighting that generalizes to arbitrary coordinate systems in flat or curved spacetime. Absorption, emission, scattering, and relativistic Comptonization are among the matter interactions considered in this report. We discuss our formulations and numerical methods, and validate our models against a suite of radiation and coupled radiation-hydrodynamics test problems in both flat and curved spacetimes.
Quelle réglementation européenne sur l’intelligence artificielle ?
Authors: Petel Antoine
Published: July 2022

L’ Artificial Intelligence Act est une proposition législative publiée par la Commission européenne le 21 avril 2021. Ce texte est une nouvelle illustration de la « troisième voie » numérique développée par l’Union européenne pour concilier le besoin d’innover avec la nécessité de respecter les droits et les valeurs européennes. La définition juridique de cet équilibre est complexe et la proposition d’ Artificial Intelligence Act n’y fait pas exception.
Les technologies de l’intelligence artificielle au service des médias et des éditeurs de contenus : traitement du langage naturel (TAL)
Authors: Langevin Christian
Published: July 2022

Cet article présente les technologies d’IA relevant du Traitement du langage naturel (TAL, ou Traitement automatique du langage naturel (TALN) et leurs usages dans le secteur des médias et de l’édition. Une première partie présente les principales fonctions du TALN puis analyse les circonstances économiques et les usages pour lesquels ces technologies peuvent être mises en œuvre. Une deuxième partie fait un panorama des contextes de mise en œuvre des solutions de TALN et donne quelques exemples pratiques de cas d’usage en conditions opérationnelles.
Une intelligence artificielle pour contextualiser les citations des publications scientifiques
Authors: Amami Maha , Mahé Yann
Published: July 2022

Dépasser le biais du simple critère quantitatif : tel est l’enjeu pour l’évaluation de la recherche aujourd’hui. En effet, l’impact du travail d’un chercheur se mesure encore trop souvent au nombre d’articles dans lesquels ses propres articles ont été cités. Or dans sa tâche d’écriture, un auteur pose un œil critique sur chacun des articles qu’il cite ; il peut ne citer un article que pour le situer chronologiquement par rapport à l’état de l’art, et exprimer un avis neutre à son propos ; il peut aussi présenter les limites des méthodes énoncées dans l’article cité ou critiquer son processus d’expérimentation ; il peut enfin apprécier le travail de l’article cité, et l’utiliser pour la construction de son approche. C’est pour tenir compte de ces nuances et de ce contexte des citations (qui en soi constitue déjà une forme d’évaluation…) que l’équipe de data scientists de MyScienceWork a entraîné un algorithme Open Source et développé trois modèles d’analyse. Les informations extraites des publications via cet outil ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives d’analyse contextuelle des citations, en les assortissant d’étiquettes d’avis, de type et de sentiment.
La diffusion libre de l’information à l’heure du web3 et des blockchains
Authors: Broustail Alain
Published: July 2022

Le succès populaire des cryptomonnaies et autres NFT ( Non-Fungible Token ) repose sur l’utilisation de la technologie blockchain. Ouverte, transparente et sécurisée, cette technologie, fondée sur un internet décentralisé (web3), permet aux esprits libertariens de se projeter dans un monde où l’information serait librement diffusée, sa source accessible à tous et non manipulable. Entre contraintes éthico-techniques et solutions créatives, le concept du web3, encore très innovant, mérite d’être plus connu.
La biorégion en Île-de-France : une société écologique post-rupture
Authors: Mallet Loïs , Thévard Benoît
Published: July 2022

Imaginer une société écologique à partir d’un territoire emblématique de la société thermo-industrielle, c’est l’ambition du scénario Biorégion Île-de-France 2050. Développé à l’Institut Momentum, le laboratoire d’idées sur les issues de l’Anthropocène, ce scénario permet d’aider à se figurer le gouffre existant entre un présent en train de mourir et un avenir encore en germe. Dans cet article, nous revenons tout d’abord sur le contexte propice à l’élaboration du scénario considéré et sur la démarche prospective de rupture qu’il véhicule en territoire d’incertitude systémique. Puis nous présentons ce scénario en insistant sur la gouvernementalité biorégionale et le mode de vie écologiste. Enfin, nous discutons du rôle actuel du politique face aux incertitudes et aux risques systémiques en vue de favoriser l’émergence des sociétés biorégionales. Plutôt que de succomber aux autoritarismes, il nous semble primordial d’adopter dès à présent des politiques prévoyantes, propres au catastrophisme et favorisant la vie humaine autonome et joyeuse malgré les catastrophes attendues dans les prochaines décennies que nous qualifions de Trente obscures.
Récits et responsabilités : délibérer des preuves de futurs souhaitables
Authors: Reber Bernard
Published: July 2022

Les récits peuvent motiver, représenter des actions et les responsabilités associées. Dans la prospective, les narrations soutiennent la délibération des choix collectifs faits pour le futur. Elles offrent des « preuves de futurs ». Elles ne prédisent pas, mais informent des modèles d’aide à la décision. Ces narrations soutiennent des scénarios pessimistes (apocalyptiques) ou optimistes (eschatologiques), qui sont plus anciens que la collapsologie contemporaine. Elles représentent une polyphonie de responsabilités, que les uns et les autres doivent endosser pour une aventure comme celle d’une transition écologique juste. L’expérience de la Convention citoyenne pour le climat est abordée ici à partir de ces questionnements. Elle n’a pas laissé une grande place aux récits, aux incertitudes, aux querelles sur le futur et à leur évaluation à l’aune de la justice sociale, avec les conflits d’interprétation qu’elle comporte. De plus, d’autres capacités communicationnelles et rhétoriques n’ont pas été mis en œuvre, alors qu’elles permettent la confrontation critique, la conversation politique et la délibération, et d’arriver à des jugements « tout bien considéré ».
L’assurance au défi de la « longue urgence »
Authors: Bancel Jean-Louis , Nussbaum Roland
Published: July 2022

Les besoins sociétaux au regard des services d’assurance vont croissant et exigent l’engagement collaboratif des acteurs dans un système intégré de gestion des risques. Ainsi, l’affirmation croissante d’une longue urgence du point de vue de l’assurance vient en réponse aux enjeux de société relatifs au climat et à l’environnement. Ils s’accompagnent de dispositifs de gestion des risques associant différents acteurs, publics et privés, au bénéfice d’une meilleure assurabilité. Pour accroître cette dernière, le secteur de l’assurance expérimente des adaptations et envisage des modifications de ses bases techniques. Cela amène à envisager pourquoi et comment l’assurance est impactée. Cela va-t-il conduire à la résorption progressive de la capacité d’intervention de l’assurance, ou à l’émergence de nouveaux paradigmes en matière assurantielle ?
Gouverner le pouvoir discrétionnaire des street-level bureaucrats . Le cas de la mise en œuvre de l’APA
Authors: Dussuet Annie , Ledoux Clémence , Sonnet Claire
Published: July 2022

À partir d’une étude de cas sur la mise en œuvre de l’allocation personnalisée d’autonomie (APA), ce texte analyse la façon dont une street-level organization peut contribuer à encadrer le pouvoir discrétionnaire des agents chargés de la mise en œuvre d’une politique sociale. S’appuyant sur une enquête par entretiens menée dans un département français entre 2017 et 2019, il montre comment les politiques de recrutement, de division du travail et les outils informatiques en place dans les services influencent le pouvoir discrétionnaire des agents à dépenser, à gérer le temps, à fabriquer du consentement et comment ces politiques peuvent déterminer l’expérience de l’État social par le public.
Patients partenaires : retour d’expérience sur l’enseignement du partenariat à Genève
Authors: Wiesner Conti Joanne , Monachon Enrick , Paignon Adeline , Kalumiya Kabeza , Lucien Baptiste
Published: July 2022

Introduction : La sécurité des patients, la qualité et l’efficience des soins peuvent être améliorées par le renforcement des collaborations interprofessionnelles et l’engagement des patients à tous les niveaux du système de santé. Dès la première année du programme de formation à la collaboration interprofessionnelle destiné aux étudiants en santé de la Haute école de santé, la faculté de médecine et la section des sciences pharmaceutiques de Genève, les patients sont impliqués dans l’enseignement du partenariat. But de l’étude : L’étude avait pour but d’évaluer deux activités d’enseignement du partenariat, : une conférence et des ateliers. Ces activités ont été co-construites et co-animées par des binômes patients-enseignants. Basée sur ses savoirs expérientiels, la perspective du patient a été intégrée au contenu enseigné. Méthode : Une évaluation quantitative et qualitative des activités a été réalisée par questionnaire auprès des étudiants et par des entretiens semis-dirigés auprès des patients et des enseignants. Résultats : Les activités d’enseignement ont été évaluées comme très satisfaisantes aussi bien par les étudiants que par les patients et enseignants, et les contenus jugés pertinents. La mise en œuvre du partenariat dans les binômes patients-enseignants, notamment par la co-animation est un point fort des activités. La plupart des patients, qui enseignaient pour la première fois, ont néanmoins ressenti une appréhension importante concernant l’animation de l’activité. Conclusion : Cette première expérience d’enseignement du partenariat en partenariat avec des patients suscite la réflexion autour de l’implication des patients dans l’enseignement et, notamment, dans la co-construction des contenus des programmes de formation.
Essai d’estimation de la prévalence de l’avortement provoqué au Maroc. Approche comparative
Authors: Mourchid Aicha , Bakass Fatima
Published: July 2022

Introduction : Problématique majeure de santé publique de par le Monde, l’avortement provoqué est probablement le phénomène démographique et social le moins documenté au Maroc. La rareté des données, la sensibilité du sujet en raison de sa pénalisation par la loi (sauf exceptions) et de la stigmatisation sociale dont il fait l’objet, rendent l’avortement difficilement abordable. Cet article se propose de contribuer à la connaissance de l’ampleur de ce phénomène au Maroc, en confrontant des méthodes directe et indirecte. Méthode :  Cette étude s’est basée sur les données issues de l’enquête nationale démographique à passages répétés de 2009-2010, les enquêtes nationales de planification familiale et de santé de 2003-2004, 2011 et de 2018, en plus des recensements généraux de la population et de l’habitat de 2004 et 2014. Son objectif était de mesurer le taux d’avortement en utilisant des approches indirectes, en l’occurrence le modèle de Bongaarts (1978) et la méthode de Westoff réduite et améliorée (2008), et une méthode directe fondée sur les déclarations des femmes elles-mêmes. Résultats : Le taux annuel d’avortement atteint respectivement, selon la méthode de Bongaarts et de Westoff améliorée, 11,6 ‰ contre 37,6 ‰ en 2004, 5,1 ‰ contre 38,7 ‰ en 2009 et 4,4 ‰ contre 39,9 ‰ en 2014. En 2009-2010, ce taux atteint 7,21 ‰ chez les femmes non-célibataires, 8,35 ‰ en milieu rural et 6,34 ‰ en milieu urbain, selon la méthode directe. Conclusion : Les estimations des taux annuel d’avortement devraient être reproduites ou complétées par d’autres approches afin de mieux cerner la réalité sur le niveau de ce phénomène au Maroc.
Inadequate safety reporting in the publications of randomised clinical trials in irritable bowel syndrome: drug versus probiotic interventions
Authors: van der Geest A.M. , Schukking I. , Brummer R.J.M. , Pieterse H. , van den Nieuwboer M. , van de Burgwal L.H.M. , Larsen O.F.A.
Published: July 2022

Randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs) offer a unique opportunity to obtain controlled efficacy and safety data to support clinical decisions. However, most RCT reporting has a stronger focus on efficacy rather than safety. This study aimed to identify the safety profile of both probiotic and drug interventions in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In connection to this paper, an accompanying paper was published in which a meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of probiotic interventions compared to that of drug interventions in IBS. Together, these two studies provide a first assessment regarding the feasibility to determine a burden to benefit ratio for both probiotic and drug interventions in IBS. RCTs including participants (>18 years old) with IBS and comparing probiotic or drugs interventions with control groups were identified by a systematic search of MEDLINE (January 2015 – Jan 2021). Reported safety profiles in drug studies were completer and more detailed as compared with studies on probiotics. Several inconsistencies in safety reporting were identified between and within drug and probiotic studies, such as: didn’t report on safety; only reported adverse reactions (ARs) or adverse events (AEs) with a certain severity; didn’t report the total number of AEs; didn’t split in the control- or experimental arm; didn’t specify AEs; and used different thresholds for ‘common’ AEs. Hence, it is difficult to compare safety data from drug and probiotic RCTs across and between different studies. On the current approaches to safety reporting, we could not establish an unambiguous safety profile for neither probiotic and drug interventions in IBS. These shortcomings hamper a critical comparison of the burden to benefit ratio for IBS intervention.
A review of toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in feeds and food commodities in West Africa
Authors: Aasa A.O. , Fru F.F. , Adelusi O.A. , Oyeyinka S.A. , Njobeh P.B.
Published: July 2022

Fungal contamination is a threat to food safety in West Africa with implications for food and feed due to their climate, which is characterised by high temperatures and high relative humidity, which are environmental favourable for fast fungal growth and mycotoxin production. This report gives perspective on studies on toxigenic fungi (Aspergillus, Fusarium andPenicillium) and their toxins, mainly aflatoxins, fumonisins and ochratoxins commonly found in some West African countries, including Benin, Burkina Faso, Gambia, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo. Only four of these countries have mycotoxins regulations in place for feeds and food products (Ghana, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, and Senegal). Food commodities that are widely consumed and were thoroughly investigated in this region include cereals, peanuts, cassava chips (flakes), cassava flour, chilies, peanuts, locust beans, melon, and yam products. In conclusion, authorities and scientists needed to consider research and approaches to monitor mycotoxins in foods and feeds produced and consumed in West Africa.
A mathematical modelling to detect sickle cell anemia using Quantum graph theory and Aquila optimization classifier
Authors: Balamanikandan P. , Bharathi S. Jeya
Published: July 2022

Recently genetic disorders are the most common reason for human fatality. Sickle Cell anemia is a monogenic disorder caused by A-to-T point mutations in the β-globin gene which produces abnormal hemoglobin S (Hgb S) that polymerizes at the state of deoxygenation thus resulting in the physical deformation or erythrocytes sickling. This shortens the expectancy of human life. Thus, the early diagnosis and identification of sickle cell will aid the people in recognizing signs and to take treatments. The manual identification is a time consuming one and might outcome in the misclassification of count as there is millions of red blood cells in one spell. So as to overcome this, data mining approaches like Quantum graph theory model and classifier is effective in detecting sickle cell anemia with high precision rate. The proposed work aims at presenting a mathematical modeling using Quantum graph theory to extract elasticity properties and to distinguish them as normal cells and sickle cell anemia (SCA) in red blood cells. Initially, input DNA sequence is taken and the elasticity property features are extracted by using Quantum graph theory model at which the formation of spanning tree is made followed by graph construction and Hemoglobin quantization. After which, the extracted properties are optimized using Aquila optimization and classified using cascaded Long Short-Term memory (LSTM) to attain the classified outcome of sickle cell and normal cells. Finally, the performance assessment is made and the outcomes attained in terms of accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, and AUC are compared with existing classifier to validate the proposed system effectiveness.
The Influence of Culture on Innovation and CSR Practices
Authors: Magalhães Carla Marisa
Published: July 2022

CSR practices derive directly from strategic actions of companies but, more indirectly, from other factors that influence organizational behavior, such as culture. But talking about culture is something too comprehensive since we have national and organizational culture. At the level of CSR practices, will the framework of values of the leadership and the employees of an organization or the norms and values of the country where it operates be more influential? What is the role played by an innovative culture in the implementation of CSR? How can companies promote corporate social innovation? To answer these questions, this chapter will present some studies and discussions to contribute to the reflection of this issue not only to sensitize organizations to the importance of assuming CSR behaviors in an innovative way but also to analyze the role that culture has at this level.
Multi-Criteria Decision Making in Healthcare
Authors: Jiby Beena John , Sakhare Sachin , Kaur Mandeep , Dhiman Gaurav
Published: July 2022

The wellbeing of a country depends mainly on its healthcare and is also one of the most impacted frameworks from the viewpoint of decision-making with multi-objectives and inclined more to mistakes in the various activities, and multi-decision criteria analysis (MDCA) helps a lot as a tool for this interaction of various independent actions. Therefore, the present study helps to break down and incorporate articles found in the literature involving MCDA along with assessing their general issues and various strategic angles and organizing them. Investigation in the bibliographic data sets of PubMed showed 85 journal articles regarding the subject of multi-decision criteria analysis, and after a cautious verification, 85 journal articles examinations were chosen to be studied in detail.
The Great Resignation and Organizational Culture
Authors: Montaudon-Tomas Cynthia Maria , Amsler Anna , Pinto-López Ingrid N.
Published: July 2022

This chapter analyzes the phenomenon known as the great resignation or the big quit, which entails the massive voluntary resignations or mass exodus of workers that have been taking place in different organizations across the globe. Although the notion has acquired relevance during the COVID-19 pandemic and is connected to reassessing or revaluating work and the fragility of life, it was first developed in 2019 by Professor Antony Klotz of Texas A&M University. Different factors associated with this phenomenon are described, along with changes that will occur in the world of work in order to deal with The Great Resignation.
Building Culturally-Competent School Practices in Rural and Small Cities
Authors: Crary Sarah L. , Gilblom Elizabeth A.
Published: July 2022

This chapter provides in-depth discussion of concepts and principles related to the development of cultural competence in school districts located in rural areas and smaller cities that have and are becoming racially, linguistically, and culturally diverse. The authors offer practical steps that help support the development of cultural competence among pre-service teachers, educators, and administrators. This framework can be implemented to create district-level professional development courses that can be used to renew teacher licenses. Additionally, suggestions of how to best address the discipline among culturally diverse students, and how to build authentic relationships with students, parents and the community are also discussed.
Overview of Conduct Disorder
Authors: Shaughnessy Michael F. , Williams II Mark , Carlson Carl Michael , Yeh Chia Jung
Published: July 2022

Research studies show that conduct disorder is a disruptive behavior disorder that might cause children to experience some challenges within their personal and social life. Very often children with this disorder might be feeling failure at school and exclusion from their peers and others. It might also affect their home, social, and school environments. These students with this disorder might present management and therapeutic challenges for counselors, psychologists, and mental health professionals. This chapter aims to provide an overview of conduct disorder, which might help school rehabilitation professionals and educators understand what risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis criteria, and treatment options can better understand this disorder, preventions, and interventions. This chapter will cursorily explore these realms with an overview of this disorder and offer some implementations and recommendations for school rehabilitation professionals.
Adverse Childhood Experiences
Authors: Johnson Alicia D.
Published: July 2022

Childhood trauma is as American as apple pie. The statistics are sobering. In 2018, more than 673,000 children were victims of abuse or neglect. This chapter will explore adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in detail, relating how these past experiences could affect current student behavior. A case study will be used to illustrate the issues that teachers face in their classrooms. Research shows that trauma affects the brain and subsequently how people act and/or react. Emotional regulation, behavioral control, and cognitive processes that are affected by trauma will be explored. Further, this chapter will raise the issues of racial disproportionality in identification and labeling of behavioral disorders and recommendations for special education among students who may have been exposed to trauma. Lastly, recommendations for best practice will be outlined to support educators in the field.
The Forgotten Child
Authors: Coker David C.
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this chapter is twofold: explore problems in juvenile delinquency and derive a macrobarrier to change. Juvenile delinquents have histories and complex needs which are poorly understood by educators. A barrier is the failure to understand the needs of juvenile delinquents through the leader-member exchange. Understanding the plight of juvenile delinquents serves as the microcosm for the macrobarrier of absorptive capacity. Leadership is the driving force which defines absorptive capacity. Futures studies, not solutions rooted in the past, should define the second-ordered change necessary to improve online and remote work. Three futures are offered, and a framework to develop strategic thinking gives a path to improved learning outcomes.
A Critical Analysis
Authors: Butale Chandapiwa , Motswagosele Dineo Phana
Published: July 2022

The University of Botswana (UB) has set high standards for student conduct aimed at maintaining its vision to be a leading center of academic excellence in Africa and the world. The institution pursues excellence by establishing high entrance requirements and strict regulations governing academic conduct. Students are expected to uphold the tenets of excellence through (among others) accountability for their performance and honesty in their pursuit of academic goals. Despite the high standards, cases of academic misconduct still occur. This chapter explores the reasons behind unsanctioned academic behavior by students. Further, the meaning of academic misconduct at the UB and how it is addressed will be discussed. This work will also interrogate the gap between institutional expectations and student behavior to find mutually beneficial ways to attain excellence.
Moving Targeted Online Learner Analytics Into the Hands of Teachers
Authors: Cottrell Gregory , Resende Isabel Christine
Published: July 2022

Every time that a student uses the internet on a school-issued computer, a trail of data about their online learning experiences is created. Until recently this data has largely gone unnoticed for educational purposes. This chapter will explore how research into the use of student online behavior data can be used to improve teaching and learning in digital environments. Techniques for the collection and analysis of targeted online learner analytics (TOLA) will be presented along with the findings for how TOLA impacted the teaching and learning process of real classroom teachers. The powerful and new form of data has the potential to disrupt the status quo of education, and this chapter will take a research-based look at that future.
Improving School Climate Through Behavioral Response to Intervention
Authors: Keesey Susan , Mittelberg Julia
Published: July 2022

Response to intervention (RTI) is commonly recognized as a schoolwide, systematic service delivery model designed to support academic learning for all students. Similar to the delivery model for academics, behavioral RTI provides a continuum of schoolwide behavioral supports ranging from promoting a positive school climate in Tier 1 to implementing individualized behavioral interventions in Tier 3. This chapter analyzes the systematic, behavioral approach within each tier, including screening, assessment, progress monitoring, and subsequent data analysis. Discussion includes how to use these data to make data-based decisions, develop appropriate goals, and match student need to an appropriate intervention with effective reinforcers. Examples of evidence-based interventions are provided for each tier.
Creating a Sense of Belonging for Black American Students
Authors: Cox Michelle R.
Published: July 2022

The academic achievement of Black American students can be positively impacted by the educational supports that they receive by educators in school. Black students continue to experience systemic barriers to school, such as harsher school discipline, being at risk of being raised in a single-parent household, and living in poverty, more than any other group. Therefore, it is crucial to inform teachers how to support their unique culmination of challenges. To support Black American students in school, teachers must provide a sense of belonging, which includes cultural competence, development of support systems, affirmations, and positive messages. This chapter presents obstacles for Black American students and strategies for teachers to create an educational environment in which Black American students feel a sense of belonging.
An ISM Approach to Modeling
Authors: Khan Zeenath Reza , Balasubramanian Sreejith
Published: July 2022

Student cheating is a problem that has been plaguing academics globally for decades. With the infiltration of technology, this has taken on a newer more sinister form, termed e-cheating. E-cheating is electronic cheating that encompasses variety of previously known and new practices involving variety of technologies students engage in when breaching academic integrity (AI). This chapter presents the herculean task of compiling and then proposing a comprehensive factor model to pave way for better understanding of antecedents that may influence students' likelihood to e-cheat. This chapter attempts to use interpretive structural modelling (ISM) as a scientific approach towards developing such a proposed model after conducting an extensive content analysis to collate and provide a comprehensive list of factors and models already existing spread across hundreds of academic papers. This chapter is positioned as the first such attempt to provide a model of factors that is of significant benefit to stakeholders such as teachers, students, managements, government, and even employers so that they can develop an understanding of their roles in helping or hindering such behavior in the future.
Managing Behavioural Emotional Problems in Inclusive Classrooms and Understanding the Best Practices
Authors: Ahmad Wasim , S. Parween
Published: July 2022

An inclusive classroom comprises diverse learners with varying levels of abilities, skills, intelligence, and so on. The diversity of the class imposes great challenges on educators and the presence of any deviant behavior should not become a stumbling block for the progress of the children. Problem behaviors of children in the classroom may frustrate the teachers as long as they learn to handle them which is considered to be an integral part of the teaching profession. Numerous best practices have been followed across the globe to manage such behavioral issues exhibited by the students. This chapter would bring in various perspectives of identifying and managing problem behaviors that are commonly found among the young children and the best practices and strategic approaches to tackle such issues piloted by various researchers.
The Impact of School Social Bonds
Authors: Cabrera Debra T.
Published: July 2022

Students' experiences in the school environment are not limited to purely academic activities, responsibilities, and relationships. Their complete educational experience encompasses social ties, commitment centered on stakes in conformity, beliefs about rules and regulations, and involvement in pursuits that are indirectly tied to their scholastic performance. Using CNMI Youth Survey data, this chapter explores these social bonds in the school setting and examines their impact on indigenous and indigenous high school students in the Northern Mariana Islands. The relative importance of these social bonds is compared to the influence of social bonds outside the school environment. The findings highlight the importance of teacher attachment and the belief in the validity and fairness of school rules on the risk-behavior for both indigenous and non-indigenous youth, with non-indigenous youths experiencing teacher attachment as a relatively stronger protective factor.
Educator Experiences as Victims of School Violence
Authors: Bare Kailyn , McMahon Susan D. , Gonzalez Molina Elena , Tergesen Cori , Zinter Kayleigh E.
Published: July 2022

Educator experiences with violence and aggression have traditionally been overlooked. However, growing research has found these professionals are at risk of frequent victimization in the workplace. This chapter synthesizes literature from the past two decades to provide readers an overview of violence against educators, including prevalence and types of aggression, school climate, demographic, and other precipitating factors, as well as common outcomes. Since these aggressive incidents often do not involve the criminal justice system, the potential applicability of restorative justice practices is discussed. An overview of a new APA task force to study into this phenomenon will be provided, along with a discussion of the perceived impacts of COVID-19 on teacher safety. Theory, research, practice, and policy implications for further understanding teacher experiences, reducing risk of aggression, and ensuring safe school environments are outlined.
Development of a Visible Light Communication System for Electrocardiogram Signal Transfer in Biomedical Applications
Authors: Chatterjee Sujit , Baishya Rubi , Saikia Debashis , Tiru Banty
Published: July 2022

The visible light communication (VLC) system is expected to share the load on internet and communication technology (ICT) and be a promising green mode of communication, especially in healthcare applications. In this chapter, a frequency shift keying (FSK)-based VLC system is proposed that caters to the need of biomedical signal transfer. The system is implemented in hardware and is found to be flicker free to bit rates as low as 34bps and shows 82.33% improvement in BER compared to OOK. Using this method, different types of ECG signal are transferred successfully through a 1 W LED through a distance of 3m. The received signal retains the characteristics in terms of the RR interval and beats per minute (BPM) and the correlation between the transmitted and the received is very high (~100%), which is highly desired in transfer of biomedical signals. Future implementations and scope are also discussed in the chapter.
Effect of ozone therapy on neutrophil/lymphocyte, platelet/lymphocyte ratios, and disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: İnci Habibe , İnci Fatih
Published: July 2022

This retrospective self-controlled randomized study was carried out with the participation of 53 patients diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis according to the modified New York criteria. The patients who did not receive medical treatment or did not change their medical treatment within the last 6 months were included in the study. There was a statistically significant decrease in the patients’ neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, platelet/lymphocyte ratio, monocyte/lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein, Visual Analog Scale, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index scores measured after ozone therapy. There was a positive correlation between neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, platelet/lymphocyte ratio, mean platelet volume/lymphocyte ratio, monocyte/lymphocyte ratio and C-reactive protein, Visual Analog Scale, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index before and after ozone therapy. Our study revealed that the changes in the decreasing tendency of the markers measured in complete blood count after ozone therapy were correlated with the disease activity, which can contribute to understand the effect of ozone therapy on biomarkers.
Purposive Bone Shortening––a Technique Which Aided Soft-Tissue Coverage in a Grade III Gustillo–Anderson Open Distal Third Leg Fracture
Authors: Nazir Ashik Mohamed , Giriraj Harshavardhan J. K. , Suriyakumar S. Sundar
Published: July 2022

Problems faced in open fractures of the distal third tibia are usually associated with soft-tissue coverage, infection control, and union of the bone. Tibia is commonly associated with impaired healing if soft tissues are severely damaged. Not all cases can be treated with flaps due to its unavailability in acute settings, high learning curve, and cost. We present the outcomes of a case of an open Grade III-B Gustillo–Anderson distal tibia fracture treated with debridement and deliberate bony shortening which helped in primary closure of the wound. A 61-year-old gentleman, a known hypothyroid, had an alleged history of accidental cut injury over right lower limb by a machine used for cutting trees. He sustained a 7 cm × 4 cm laceration over the anteromedial aspect of the distal tibia with blown-out soft tissues and bone exposed. Wound debridement and stabilization with ankle spanning external fixation were immediately done. Wound could be primarily closed because the tibia and fibula were deliberately shortened during the external fixation. Many free bone fragments were removed during debridement leaving a bony void. One week later bone graft was used to fill the void after redebridement of the wound and wound could be primarily closed. Negative wound therapy was used as an adjuvant. One month later the external fixator was converted to Ilizarov fixator, which was removed at the end of 5 months, showing a fully healed fracture without soft-tissue complications at the end of 6 months follow-up. Debridement and shortening of the open tibia is a powerful technique to provide bony apposition and allow primary wound closure without tension, averting the need for any secondary reconstructive procedures.
Efficacy of yoga practices on emotion regulation and mindfulness in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Kanthi Amit , Deepeshwar Singh , Kaligal Chidananda , Vidyashree Mahadevappa , Krishna Dwivedi
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Poor emotion regulation (ER) is linked to diabetes distress and depression that may contribute to uncontrolled glycemic levels among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. As ER can adversely affect the physiological and psychological health of patients with T2DM, holistic management of the disease is essential. Yoga therapy is one such method that can positively impact both the mental and physical health of T2DM patients.

Methods:

Individuals with T2DM (n = 54) were recruited for the study and were randomly allocated to the intervention (yoga) group and control (conventional treatment) group. Cognitive reappraisal (CR) and expressive suppression (ES) were assessed as ER skills, and mindfulness was evaluated before and after the intervention. The intervention was provided for 3 months.

Results:

Participants of the yoga group showed an improved ER ability with increased CR and decreased ES. However, these changes were not statistically significant. ES was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in the control group. In addition, the yoga group showed significantly increased (p < 0.05) mindfulness and was decreased in the control group.

Conclusion:

Yoga therapy positively affects the psychological well-being of T2DM patients.
Influencia del ambiente lumínico sobre la cobertura vegetal y metabolismos fotosintéticos en comunidades de sotobosque
Authors: Silveira D. , Cadenazzi M. , Nabinger C. , Boggiano P.
Published: July 2022

Las características de las plantaciones forestales condicionan la dinámica de la radiación fotosintéticamente activa bajo el dosel arbóreo y su área de influencia, determinando el desarrollo de comunidades de sotobosque. El objetivo del trabajo fue estudiar las relaciones entre el ambiente lumínico y la cobertura vegetal (%), las especies presentes y sus metabolismos fotosintéticos. El estudio se realizó en plantaciones forestales comerciales, en nueve transectos con dirección N – S ubicados en la entre fila, callejones y campo natural, localizando 15 marcos de 0,25 m2 a cada dos metros en cada una. Se determinó la radiación fotosintéticamente activa (RFA) en cada uno de los ambientes en el horario de 11:00 a 13:00 hrs. P. taeda y E. grandis mostraron un régimen de interceptación luminosa similar, en cambio E. globulus determina un mayor pasaje de RFA trasmitida (RFAt) hacia el piso forestal, con la consecuencia favorable sobre el desarrollo de la comunidad herbácea de sotobosque. Especies C4 aumentan su cobertura frente a incrementos en los niveles de RFA, en tanto, especies C3 logran la mayor cobertura en niveles intermedios de intercepción luminosa. Altos niveles de interceptación luminosa determinan una baja cobertura de la comunidad de sotobosque, y las especies con vía metabólica C4 fueron las más afectadas.
Effect of a Community-Based Holistic Care Package on Physical and Psychosocial Outcomes in People with Lower Limb Disorder Caused by Lymphatic Filariasis, Podoconiosis, and Leprosy in Ethiopia: Results from the EnDPoINT Pilot Cohort Study
Authors: Dellar Rachael , Ali Oumer , Kinfe Mersha , Mengiste Asrat , Davey Gail , Bremner Stephen , Semrau Maya , Fekadu Abebaw
Published: July 2022

Lymphatic filariasis (LF), podoconiosis, and leprosy are highly stigmatized neglected tropical diseases that can cause lower limb swelling and deformity. Simple interventions to support self-care can reduce their physical impacts, but little is known about how to address the psychosocial needs of people living with the diseases, and about how to scale-up morbidity reduction programs. EnDPoINT is a multistage implementation study designed to address these knowledge gaps by developing and evaluating a holistic care package that can be integrated into the Ethiopian health system. This article presents the quantitative results from the EnDPoINT pilot, in which the effectiveness of the care package was assessed in 251 participants from one district in northern Ethiopian using a pre-post design. Reductions 12 months after care package initiation were seen in attacks of acute adenolymphangitis (adjusted odds ratio for attack in last month 0.005; 95% CI 0.001, 0.02; P < 0.001), lower limb and foot circumference (mean difference lower limb circumference −2.0 cm; 95% CI −2.3, −1.8; P < 0.001; foot circumference −2.3 cm; 95% CI −2.5, −2.0; P < 0.001), and lymphedema stage (mean reduction in stage −0.27; 95% CI −0.37, −0.19; P < 0.001). Significant improvements were also observed in scores assessing disability, quality-of-life, depression, stigma, discrimination, and social support. This study thus suggests that the EnDPoINT care package is highly effective in reducing morbidity in people living with LF, podoconiosis, and leprosy in northern Ethiopia.
Effect of temperature change on refractive index of an egg white and yolk: a preliminary study
Authors: Sokołowski Patryk
Published: July 2022

In this article, the refractive index of an egg white and yolk depending on temperature in range 30 - 47 °C over 1550 nm was determined. The measurement head was constructed as fiber optic Fabry-Perot interferometer with interference between polished fiber end-face and aluminum weighing dish. The measurement setup has been made of an optical spectrum analyzer, a superluminescent diode with a central wevelength of 1550 nm, 2:1 fiber coupler and heat plate. Full Text: PDF ReferencesP. Magdelaine, "Egg and egg product production and consumption in Europe and the rest of the world, Improving the Safety and Quality of Eggs and Egg Products", Egg Chemistry, Production and Consumption, 3 (2011). CrossRef H. Kuang, F. Yang, Y. Zhang, T. Wang, and G. Chen, "The Impact of Egg Nutrient Composition and Its Consumption on Cholesterol Homeostasis", Cholesterol (2018). CrossRef J. Gienger, K. Smuda, R. Müller, M. Bär, and J. Neukammer, "Refractive index of human red blood cells between 290 nm and 1100 nm determined by optical extinction measurements", Sci. Rep. 9, 1 (2019). CrossRef P. Listewnik, M. Hirsch, P. Struk, M. Weber, M. Bechelany, and M. Jędrzejewska-Szczerska, "Preparation and Characterization of Microsphere ZnO ALD Coating Dedicated for the Fiber-Optic Refractive Index Sensor", Nanomaterials 9, 2 (2019) CrossRef Y. Wu, Y. Zhang, J. Wu, and P. Yuan, "Fiber-Optic Hybrid Structured Fabry-Perot Interferometer Based On Large Lateral Offset Splicing for Simultaneous Measurement of Strain and Temperature", J. Lightwave Technol., 35, 19 (2017). CrossRef M. Islam, M. Mahmood, M Lai, K. Lim, and H. Ahmad, "Chronology of Fabry-Perot Interferometer Fiber-Optic Sensors and Their Applications: A Review", Sensors 14, 4 (2014). CrossRef K. Karpienko, M. Wróbel, and M. Jędrzejewska-Szczerska, "Determination of refractive index dispersion using fiber-optic low coherence Fabry-Perot interferometer: implementation and validation", Opt. Eng. 53, 7 (2014). CrossRef M. Kosowska, D. Majchrowicz, K. Sankaran, M. Ficek, K. Haenen, and M. Szczerska, "Doped Nanocrystalline Diamond Films as Reflective Layers for Fiber-Optic Sensors of Refractive Index of Liquids", Materials 12, 13 (2019). CrossRef G. Xiao, A. Adnet, Z. Zhang, F. Sun, and C. Grover, "Monitoring changes in the refractive index of gases by means of a fiber optic Fabry-Perot interferometer sensor", Sensors and Actuators 118, 2 (2005). CrossRef