bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From auxiliary data to research prospects, a review of gridded population mapping
Authors: Lei Zhen , Xie Yijie , Cheng Penggen , Yang Haicheng
Published: January 2023

Population has significant application value and scientific significance in resource use, public health, public transportation, disaster assessment, and environmental management. However, traditional census data can not show the population density difference within census units. Furthermore, census data are not uniform across countries, and reconciling these differences when using data from multiple countries require considerable effort. Finally, there are scale differences between census and geospatial data (e.g., land use/cover), making data analysis and needed research difficult. These challenges significantly limit the applications of census data. The advent of gridded population mapping (GPM) technology has overcome these challenges. GPM technology has developed rapidly in recent years. The research data and models are rich and diverse, and many achievements have been made. A systematic review of the current state of GPM research will help relevant researchers and data users. This article begins by summarizing the core elements of GPM research in four aspects: auxiliary data, models, accuracy, and products. It will then go on to four problems prevalent in GPM research that have direct or indirect effects on the accuracy of GPM. Finally, the article prospects GPM research from four different aspects based on the current state of research.
Ixodes ricinus density, Borrelia prevalence and the density of infected nymphs along an urban–rural gradient in southern England
Authors: Hansford Kayleigh M. , McGinley Liz , Wheeler Benedict W. , Tschirren Barbara , Medlock Jolyon M.
Published: January 2023

Ticks are found across a range of habitats, with woodland being particularly important for high densities and prevalence of Borrelia infection. Assessments of risk in urban woodland can be difficult if there are low densities and small sample sizes for Borrelia prevalence estimates. This study targeted six urban woodlands with established tick populations, as well as six woodlands in peri‐urban zones and six woodlands in rural zones in and around the cities of Bath and Southampton, in the South of England. Nymph densities were estimated, and 100 nymphs were tested from each of the 18 woodlands studied. Ixodes ricinus ticks were found in all woodlands surveyed, and overall density of nymphs (DON) per 100 m2 was 18.17 in urban woodlands, 26.0 in peri‐urban woodlands and 17.67 in rural woodlands. Out of 600 nymphs tested across urban woodlands, 10.3% were infected with Borrelia. The same proportion of nymphs collected in rural woodlands were positive for Borrelia. In peri‐urban woodlands, 10.8% of nymphs tested positive. Across both cities combined, density of infected nymphs (DIN) was 2.73 per 100 m2 in peri‐urban woodland, 1.87 per 100 m2 in urban woodland and 1.82 per 100 m2 in rural woodland. Overall, DON, Borrelia prevalence and DIN did not differ significantly along an urban–rural gradient. This suggests the risk of Lyme borreliosis transmission could be similar, or perhaps even elevated in urban woodland if there is higher public footfall, subsequent contact with ticks and less awareness of the risks. This is particularly important from a public health perspective, as Borrelia garinii dominated across the gradient and this genospecies is linked to neuroborreliosis.
The Russian Empire and Transcaucasia
Authors: Ohanyan Anna
Published: January 2023

The chapter begins by discussing the ways in which the Russian empire navigated two problems of imperial governance: attempts at administrative centralization and reform without broad-based political participation; and territorial expansion without institutional consolidation of administrative governance in the conquered territories. The chapter reviews various peripheries of the empire, largely within the analytical framework of the regional connectivity, the neighborhood effect, developed in this work. The chapter then focuses on Ukraine, describing its history as a political region in imperial Russia. This section is linked to the armed conflicts in eastern Ukraine, covered in chapter 7. The chapter also introduces a case study of a single political region, Russian Transcaucasia. A key theme introduced here is a reflection on regional hybridity, manifested in this region in parallel processes of regional fracture and resilience.
Paired Peripheries and (C)old Conflicts
Authors: Ohanyan Anna
Published: January 2023

This chapter offers a theory of conflict that builds on the regional framework of connectivity, the neighborhood effect, developed in the book. It shows that this conflict theory is multitiered and regional in its scope, grounded in the comparative historical case studies of select imperial peripheries covered in chapters 4-6. Having examined the quality of imperial governance on the selected peripheries of the three empires, this chapter moves to assess the onset and severity of armed conflicts in these regions in the aftermath of the Cold War. It builds on the empirical analysis of the quality of regional governance on the imperial peripheries and probes the ways in which these imperial legacies have affected the contemporary onset and severity of armed conflict, against the backdrop of the receding of geopolitical rivalries in the post-Cold War period.
Balancing a Stick With Eyes Shut: Inverted Pendulum on a Cart Without Angle Measurement
Authors: Goswami Bidhayak , Chatterjee Anindya
Published: January 2023

We consider linear time-invariant dynamic systems in the single-input, single-output (SISO) framework. In particular, we consider stabilization of an inverted pendulum on a cart using a force on the cart. This system is easy to stabilize with pendulum angle feedback. However, with cart position feedback it cannot be stabilized with stable and proper compensators. Here, we demonstrate that with an additional compensator in a parallel feedforward loop, stabilization is possible with such compensators. Sensitivity to noise seems to be about three times worse than for the situation with angle feedback. For completeness, discussion is presented of compensator parameter choices, robustness, fragility, and comparison with another control approach.
Thermoelectric Generation From Exhaust Heat in Electrified Natural Gas Trucks: Modeling and Analysis of an Integrated Engine System Performance Improvement
Authors: Sok Ratnak , Kusaka Jin , Nakashima Hisaharu , Minagata Hidetaka , Dimitriou Pavlos , Liu Jinlong
Published: January 2023

Using thermoelectric generators (TEG) to reduce exhaust heat loss from internal combustion engines can improve emissions and the fuel economy of conventional and electrified vehicles. However, TEG potentials have not been investigated in hybridized, compressed natural gas (CNG), twin-turbocharged, and spark-ignited (SI) engines. This work demonstrates TEG's effectiveness in boosting a hybridized 3.0 L CNG engine using model-based development. TEG experiments are performed to measure thermal performances under different inlet gas conditions for model validations. Simplified user-defined functions of flow friction and heat transfer coefficients are used to calibrate the model. A fast-calibration model can reproduce measured heat transfer, pressure drop, and thermal performances. The engine performances are validated against measured 35 steady-state conditions from the production engine used in light-duty CNG trucks under the JE05 drive cycle. Next, the model is connected to the turbocharging system downstream of the well-calibrated four-cylinder SI engine model. Under the peak performance condition (peak brake thermal efficiency BTE at 2400 RPM and 102 kW load), the results show that the engine BTE is improved by 0.56% using a 7 × 9 TEG module arrangement (three-sheet TEG with 1.5× A4 size). A 9 × 10 arrangement can enhance the BTE to 0.8%. Effective electrical power is generated up to 1.168 kW from the TEG, depending on the JE05 operating regions, without significant brake power loss.
ESPRESSO: Robust discovery and quantification of transcript isoforms from error-prone long-read RNA-seq data
Authors: Gao Yuan , Wang Feng , Wang Robert , Kutschera Eric , Xu Yang , Xie Stephan , Wang Yuanyuan , Kadash-Edmondson Kathryn E. , Lin Lan , Xing Yi
Published: January 2023

Long-read RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) holds great potential for characterizing transcriptome variation and full-length transcript isoforms, but the relatively high error rate of current long-read sequencing platforms poses a major challenge. We present ESPRESSO, a computational tool for robust discovery and quantification of transcript isoforms from error-prone long reads. ESPRESSO jointly considers alignments of all long reads aligned to a gene and uses error profiles of individual reads to improve the identification of splice junctions and the discovery of their corresponding transcript isoforms. On both a synthetic spike-in RNA sample and human RNA samples, ESPRESSO outperforms multiple contemporary tools in not only transcript isoform discovery but also transcript isoform quantification. In total, we generated and analyzed ~1.1 billion nanopore RNA-seq reads covering 30 human tissue samples and three human cell lines. ESPRESSO and its companion dataset provide a useful resource for studying the RNA repertoire of eukaryotic transcriptomes.
Natural variation of codon repeats in
COLD11
endows rice with chilling resilience
Authors: Li Zhitao , Wang Bo , Luo Wei , Xu Yunyuan , Wang Jinjuan , Xue Zhihui , Niu Yuda , Cheng Zhukuan , Ge Song , Zhang Wei , Zhang Jingyu , Li Qizhai , Chong Kang
Published: January 2023

Abnormal temperature caused by global climate change threatens the rice production. Defense signaling network for chilling has been uncovered in plants. However, less is known about repairing DNA damage produced from overwhelmed defense and its evolution during domestication. Here, we genetically identified a major QTL,
COLD11
, using the data-merging genome-wide association study based on an algorithm combining polarized data from two subspecies,
indica
and
japonica
, into one system. Rice loss-of-function mutations of
COLD11
caused reduced chilling tolerance. Genome evolution analysis of representative rice germplasms suggested that numbers of GCG sequence repeats in the first exon of
COLD11
were subjected to strong domestication selection during the northern expansion of rice planting. The repeat numbers affected the biochemical activity of DNA repair protein COLD11/RAD51A1 in renovating DNA damage under chilling stress. Our findings highlight a potential way to finely manipulate key genes in rice genome and effectively improve chilling tolerance through molecular designing.
In situ modulation of intestinal organoid epithelial curvature through photoinduced viscoelasticity directs crypt morphogenesis
Authors: Yavitt F. Max , Kirkpatrick Bruce E. , Blatchley Michael R. , Speckl Kelly F. , Mohagheghian Erfan , Moldovan Radu , Wang Ning , Dempsey Peter J. , Anseth Kristi S.
Published: January 2023

Spatiotemporally coordinated transformations in epithelial curvature are necessary to generate crypt-villus structures during intestinal development. However, the temporal regulation of mechanotransduction pathways that drive crypt morphogenesis remains understudied. Intestinal organoids have proven useful to study crypt morphogenesis in vitro, yet the reliance on static culture scaffolds limits the ability to assess the temporal effects of changing curvature. Here, a photoinduced hydrogel cross-link exchange reaction is used to spatiotemporally alter epithelial curvature and study how dynamic changes in curvature influence mechanotransduction pathways to instruct crypt morphogenesis. Photopatterned curvature increased membrane tension and depolarization, which was required for subsequent nuclear localization of yes-associated protein 1 (YAP) observed 24 hours following curvature change. Curvature-directed crypt morphogenesis only occurred following a delay in the induction of differentiation that coincided with the delay in spatially restricted YAP localization, indicating that dynamic changes in curvature initiate epithelial curvature–dependent mechanotransduction pathways that temporally regulate crypt morphogenesis.
Whole-heart multiparametric optical imaging reveals sex-dependent heterogeneity in cAMP signaling and repolarization kinetics
Authors: Caldwell Jessica L. , Lee I-Ju , Ngo Lena , Wang Lianguo , Bahriz Sherif , Xu Bing , Bers Donald M. , Navedo Manuel F. , Bossuyt Julie , Xiang Yang K. , Ripplinger Crystal M.
Published: January 2023

Cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) is a key second messenger in cardiomyocytes responsible for transducing autonomic signals into downstream electrophysiological responses. Previous studies have shown intracellular heterogeneity and compartmentalization of cAMP signaling. However, whether cAMP signaling occurs heterogeneously throughout the intact heart and how this drives sex-dependent functional responses are unknown. Here, we developed and validated a novel cardiac-specific fluorescence resonance energy transfer–based cAMP reporter mouse and a combined voltage-cAMP whole-heart imaging system. We showed that in male hearts, cAMP was uniformly activated in response to pharmacological β-adrenergic stimulation. In contrast, female hearts showed that cAMP levels decayed faster in apical versus basal regions, which was associated with nonuniform action potential changes and notable changes in the direction of repolarization. Apical phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity was higher in female versus male hearts, and PDE inhibition prevented repolarization changes in female hearts. Thus, our imaging approach revealed sex-dependent regional breakdown of cAMP and associated electrophysiological differences.
Search for exotic parity-violation interactions with quantum spin amplifiers
Authors: Wang Yuanhong , Huang Ying , Guo Chang , Jiang Min , Kang Xiang , Su Haowen , Qin Yushu , Ji Wei , Hu Dongdong , Peng Xinhua , Budker Dmitry
Published: January 2023

Quantum sensing provides sensitive tabletop tools to search for exotic spin-dependent interactions beyond the standard model, which have attracted great attention in theories and experiments. Here, we develop a technique based on Spin Amplifier for Particle PHysIcs REsearch (SAPPHIRE) to resonantly search for exotic interactions, specifically parity-odd spin-spin interactions. The present technique effectively amplifies exotic interaction fields by a factor of about 200 while being insensitive to spurious magnetic fields. Our studies, using such a quantum amplification technique, explore the parity-violation interactions mediated by a new vector boson in the challenging parameter space (force range between 3 mm and 1 km) and set the most stringent constraints on axial-vector electron-neutron couplings, substantially improving previous limits by five orders of magnitude. Moreover, our constraints on axial-vector couplings between nucleons reach into a hitherto unexplored parameter space. The present constraints complement the existing astrophysical and laboratory studies on potential standard model extensions.
Codelivery of synergistic antimicrobials with polyelectrolyte nanocomplexes to treat bacterial biofilms and lung infections
Authors: Finbloom Joel A. , Raghavan Preethi , Kwon Michael , Kharbikar Bhushan N. , Yu Michelle A. , Desai Tejal A.
Published: January 2023

Bacterial biofilm infections, particularly those of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(PA), have high rates of antimicrobial tolerance and are commonly found in chronic wound and cystic fibrosis lung infections. Combination therapeutics that act synergistically can overcome antimicrobial tolerance; however, the delivery of multiple therapeutics at relevant dosages remains a challenge. We therefore developed a nanoscale drug carrier for antimicrobial codelivery by combining approaches from polyelectrolyte nanocomplex (NC) formation and layer-by-layer electrostatic self-assembly. This strategy led to NC drug carriers loaded with tobramycin antibiotics and antimicrobial silver nanoparticles (AgTob-NCs). AgTob-NCs displayed synergistic enhancements in antimicrobial activity against both planktonic and biofilm PA cultures, with positively charged NCs outperforming negatively charged formulations. NCs were evaluated in mouse models of lung infection, leading to reduced bacterial burden and improved survival outcomes. This approach therefore shows promise for nanoscale therapeutic codelivery to treat recalcitrant bacterial infections.
Silent recognition of flagellins from human gut commensal bacteria by Toll-like receptor 5
Authors: Clasen Sara J. , Bell Michael E. W. , Borbón Andrea , Lee Du-Hwa , Henseler Zachariah M. , de la Cuesta-Zuluaga Jacobo , Parys Katarzyna , Zou Jun , Wang Yanling , Altmannova Veronika , Youngblut Nicholas D. , Weir John R. , Gewirtz Andrew T. , Belkhadir Youssef , Ley Ruth E.
Published: January 2023

Flagellin, the protein subunit of the bacterial flagellum, stimulates the innate immune receptor Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) after pattern recognition or evades TLR5 through lack of recognition. This binary response fails to explain the weak agonism of flagellins from commensal bacteria, raising the question of how TLR5 response is tuned. Here, we screened abundant flagellins present in metagenomes from human gut for both TLR5 recognition and activation and uncovered a class of flagellin-TLR5 interaction termed silent recognition. Silent flagellins were weak TLR5 agonists despite pattern recognition. Receptor activity was tuned by a TLR5-flagellin interaction distal to the site of pattern recognition that was present in
Salmonella
flagellin but absent in silent flagellins. This interaction enabled flagellin binding to preformed TLR5 dimers and increased TLR5 signaling by several orders of magnitude. Silent recognition by TLR5 occurred in human organoids and mice, and silent flagellin proteins were present in human stool. These flagellins were produced primarily by the abundant gut bacteria Lachnospiraceae and were enriched in nonindustrialized populations. Our findings provide a mechanism for the innate immune system to tolerate commensal-derived flagellins while remaining vigilant to the presence of flagellins produced by pathogens.
Supplemental Material: Formation and reorganization time scales of aeolian landscapes
Authors: Gunn Andrew
Published: January 2023

Methods for analysis of topography, sediment flux, timescales and stratigraphy; a study site characterization; data and code availability; and two supplemental figures. 
Supplemental Material: Late Quaternary–Recent intraplate topographic uplift of the St. Francois Mountains (Ozark Plateau), Missouri (USA), driven by differential density and erosion
Authors: Kim Dong Eun , Weber John C. , al. et
Published: January 2023

Methods and supplemental figures and tables. 
Supplemental Material: Discovery of Holocene ooid shoals in a siliciclastic delta, De Grey River, North West Shelf, Australia
Authors: Lebrec Ulysse , al. et
Published: January 2023

Sample coordinates and ooid percentages. 
Supplemental Material: Pyroxenite melting at subduction zones
Authors: Bowman Emilie E. , Ducea Mihai N.
Published: January 2023

Data filtering methods, crustal thickness calculations, spatial averaging methods, error calculations, sample locations, Zn/Fe versus Al2O3 for subarc peridotites, Zn/Fe-crustal thickness correlation for samples with MgO >10 wt%, Dy/Yb, Ba/Nb, and Th/Nb ratios as a function of crustal thickness, copper contents of peridotite- versus pyroxenite-derived melts, the filtered and spatially averaged global geochemical compilation created and used in this study, and the compilation of experimental melts of silica-deficient pyroxenites. 
Dose–response effects of exercise and caloric restriction on visceral adiposity in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Recchia Francesco , Leung Chit K. , Yu Angus P. , Leung Welton , Yu Danny J. , Fong Daniel Y. , Montero David , Lee Chi-Ho , Wong Stephen H.S. , Siu Parco M.
Published: January 2023

Objective

To determine and compare the dose–response effects of exercise and caloric restriction on visceral adipose tissue in overweight and obese adults, while controlling for the weekly energy deficit induced by the interventions.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science were searched for randomised controlled trials comparing exercise or caloric restriction against eucaloric controls in overweight or obese adults. The primary outcome was the change in visceral fat measured by CT or MRI. Meta-analyses and meta-regressions were performed to determine the overall effect size (ES) and the dose–dependent relationship of exercise and caloric restriction on visceral fat. Heterogeneity, risk of bias and the certainty of evidence were also assessed.

Results

Forty randomised controlled trials involving 2190 participants were included. Overall, exercise (ES −0.28 (−0.37 to −0.19); p<0.001; I2=25%) and caloric restriction (ES −0.53 (−0.71 to −0.35); p<0.001; I2=33%) reduced visceral fat compared with the controls. Exercise demonstrated a dose–response effect of −0.15 ((−0.23 to −0.07); p<0.001) per 1000 calories deficit per week, whereas the effect of caloric restriction was not dose-dependent (ES 0.03 (−0.12 to 0.18); p=0.64). Most of the studies showed a moderate risk of bias.

Conclusions

These findings support the dose–dependent effects of exercise to reduce visceral fat in overweight and obese adults. Caloric restriction did not demonstrate a dose–response relationship, although this may be attributed to the smaller number of studies available for analysis, compared with exercise studies.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020210096.
Time-varying association of acute and post-acute COVID-19 with new-onset diabetes mellitus among hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients
Authors: Reges Orna , Test Tsafnat , Hoshen Moshe , Cicurel Assi , Saliba Walid , Greenland Philip , Dicker Dror , Lavie Gil
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Previous studies have shown disruption of glycometabolic control and new diabetes mellitus (DM) diagnosis among patients with COVID-19. It is still unclear how the association of COVID-19 and new-onset DM may be modified by disease severity or vary over time, during acute and post-acute phases.

Research design and methods

In this retrospective matched cohort study, 157 936 patients with COVID-19 (aged ≥25 years, diagnosis date between March 01, 2020 and August 31, 2021) were compared with individuals without COVID-19, separately for non-hospitalized, hospitalized, and severe hospitalized patients. Stratified Cox proportional hazards models, with changing baseline time (starting at the date of COVID-19 diagnosis, and at 1, 2, 3, and 4 months afterwards), were used to evaluate the occurrence of new DM in relation to COVID-19 infection in different time frames—from each landmark date until end of study.

Results

During mean follow-up time of 10.9 months, there were 1145 (0.72%) new diagnoses of DM compared with 1013 (0.64%) in the individuals without COVID-19 (p=0.004). Non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were not at higher risk of new DM neither during the acute phase nor afterward. Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 had a higher risk of developing DM, with the highest risk among severe hospitalized patients. This risk among hospitalized patients was highest in the acute phase (HR 2.47 (95% CI 1.86 to 3.29)), attenuated over time, but remained significant at 4-month landmark analysis (HR 1.60 (95% CI 1.12 to 2.29)).

Conclusions

Acute and post-acute COVID-19 were associated with new DM only among hospitalized patients, with the highest risk among those hospitalized with severe disease. Those patients should be followed and monitored post-discharge for new DM. Patients who were not hospitalized did not have higher risk of new-onset DM.
PREP Plus combined postrehabilitation programme to support upper limb recovery in community-dwelling stroke survivors: protocol for a mixed-methods, cluster-assigned feasibility study
Authors: Pedlow Katy , McDonough Suzanne , Klempel Natalie , Hylands Jenny , Hughes Noelene , Campbell Zoe , Eng Janice J , Stephenson Aoife , Kennedy Niamh
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Poor recovery of the upper limb following a stroke has been recognised as a significant problem in the UK. Although there is good evidence that early, intense rehabilitation can lead to upper limb recovery, often this is not maintained, with less than 50% of people regaining the ability to use their upper limb for independent function at 6 months. Upper limb recovery potential is reported for many years poststroke, yet current long-term provision is insufficient.

Methods and analysis

60 participants will be recruited into this feasibility study, with 30 allocated to a Post Rehabilitation Enablement Programme (PREP) alone and 30 allocated to a combined programme, PREP Plus, consisting of PREP and the Graded Repetitive Arm Supplementary Programme (GRASP). We will aim to complete four iterative waves. Within each wave, the intervention design will be refined, based on participant feedback. Within each wave, there will be one cluster unit (one intervention group ;PREP Plus) and one control group ;PREP alone)). A total of five PREP sites within Northern Ireland Health and Social Care Trusts will be used for this study. PREP Plus will have a home exercise component along with exercises logs and a behaviour contract. Qualitative and quantitative measures will evaluate the acceptability and feasibility to determine how feasible it is to embed the intervention into practice, as well as to determine the feasibility of a larger, mixed-methods, randomised controlled trial to assess intervention efficacy. Clinical endpoints will also be explored.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has been approved by the Health and Social Care Research Ethics Committee A, IRAS project ID (278620). Participants will provide informed consent prior to participating in the study. Information outlining the purpose of the study, what data will be collected and how the data will be managed will be provided. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and any published data will be available on the university data repository. The project management group will advise on different avenues for dissemination to ensure it reaches appropriate audiences.

Trial registration number

NCT05090163.
Effect of Migalastat on cArdiac InvOlvement in FabRry DiseAse: MAIORA study
Authors: Camporeale Antonia , Bandera Francesco , Pieroni Maurizio , Pieruzzi Federico , Spada Marco , Bersano Anna , Econimo Laura , Lanzillo Chiara , Rubino Marta , Mignani Renzo , Motta Irene , Olivotto Iacopo , Tanini Ilaria , Valaperta Rea , Chow Kelvin , Baroni Irene , Boveri Sara , Graziani Francesca , Pica Silvia , Tondi Lara , Guazzi Marco , Lombardi Massimo
Published: January 2023

Background

A small but significant reduction in left ventricular (LV) mass after 18 months of migalastat treatment has been reported in Fabry disease (FD). This study aimed to assess the effect of migalastat on FD cardiac involvement, combining LV morphology and tissue characterisation by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) with cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET).

Methods

Sixteen treatment-naïve patients with FD (4 women, 46.4±16.2 years) with cardiac involvement (reduced T1 values on CMR and/or LV hypertrophy) underwent ECG, echocardiogram, troponin T and NT-proBNP (N-Terminal prohormone of Brain Natriuretic Peptide) assay, CMR with T1 mapping, and CPET before and after 18 months of migalastat.

Results

No change in LV mass was detected at 18 months compared to baseline (95.2 g/m2(66.0–184.0) vs 99.0 g/m2(69.0–121.0), p=0.55). Overall, there was an increase in septal T1 of borderline significance (870.0 ms (848–882) vs 860.0 ms (833.0–875.0), p=0.056). Functional capacity showed an increase in oxygen consumption (VO2) at anaerobic threshold (15.50 mL/kg/min (13.70–21.50) vs 14.50 mL/kg/min (11.70–18.95), p=0.02), and a trend towards an increase in percent predicted peak VO2(72.0 (63.0–80.0) vs 69.0 (53.0–77.0), p=0.056) was observed. The subset of patients who showed an increase in T1 value and a reduction in LV mass (n=7, 1 female, age 40.5 (28.6–76.0)) was younger and at an earlier disease stage compared to the others, and also exhibited greater improvement in exercise tolerance.

Conclusion

In treatment-naïve FD patients with cardiac involvement, 18-month treatment with migalastat stabilised LV mass and was associated with a trend towards an improvement in exercise tolerance. A tendency to T1 increase was detected by CMR. The subset of patients who had significant benefits from the treatment showed an earlier cardiac disease compared to the others.

Trial registration number

NCT03838237.
Analysis of the feeding ecology of the sea anemone Bunodosoma zamponii: populations under differential anthropogenic pressures
Authors: Vazquez Nicolas D. , Garese Agustin , Miglioranza Karina S.B. , Acuña Fabian H.
Published: January 2023

The feeding ecology of two populations of the sea anemone Bunodosoma zamponii Gomes, Schama & Solé-Cava 2012 living under different anthropogenic pressures in the coast of Mar del Plata (Buenos Aires, Argentina) was studied. One population was located in Las Delicias (LD; an impacted site adjacent to a wastewater treatment plant) and another in Punta Cantera (PC; the reference site). Both populations of sea anemones were monitored for 2 years and their trophic ecology was analyzed. The mytilid Brachidontes rodriguezii (d'Orbigny, 1842) was the main item found throughout all seasons. Prey diversity was highest in PC during autumn and lowest during winter for both sites. Prey abundance was lower in LD during autumn and summer. Additionally, prey items were larger in PC during autumn, winter, and summer. Item capture probability in autumn was significantly lower in LD. Altogether, the results indicate that the diet of Bunodosoma zamponii differed significantly between sites and such differences varied throughout the year. Most of the differences occurred during autumn and winter, which correspond with a greater concentration of organochlorine pesticides, chlorpyrifos, and polychlorinated biphenyls in anemones from LD registered in previous studies. Overall, this study provides significant knowledge on the feeding ecology of Bunodosoma zamponii that complements the existing information and will provide meaningful insight into the current status of this anemone's populations.
Hawking radiation and entropy of a BTZ black hole with minimum length
Authors: Anacleto M. A. , Brito F. A. , Passos E. , Paulino José L. , Silva A. T. N. , Spinelly J.
Published: January 2023

In this paper we consider a BTZ black hole with minimum length which has been introduced through the probability density of the ground state of the hydrogen atom. We analyzed the effect of the minimum length by calculating the thermodynamic quantities such as temperature and entropy and verified the stability of the black hole by computing the specific heat capacity.
Domain-Invariant Feature Learning for Domain Adaptation
Authors: Tu Ching-Ting , Lin Hsiau-Wen , Lin Hwei Jen , Tokuyama Yoshimasa , Chu Chia-Hung
Published: January 2023

Unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) mainly explores how to learn domain-invariant features from the source domain when the target domain label is unknown. To learn domain-invariant features requires aligning the distribution of samples from two domains in the feature space, which can be achieved by minimizing the maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) of samples from the two domains. However, there is still no effective way to find the best parameter values of MMD. Such a problem is addressed in the MMD with deep kernels (MMD-D), whose optimal parameters can be obtained through training. This study proposes a method of domain-invariant feature learning for UDA, whose architecture, named MMDDCDA, comprises an MMD-D module and a cross domain adaptation (CDA) module. MMDDCDA performs alternating training similar to adversarial training to alternately boost the power of the two modules. To our knowledge, this is the first UDA method that performs such alternating training on a UDA architecture using MMD with deep kernels. Experimental validation showed that the proposed method yields state-of-the-art results among UDA methods using other MMD variants and some UDA benchmarks.
Application of Three-Dimensional Fluorescence Spectroscopy in Smart Agriculture — Detection of Oil Pollutants in Water
Authors: Cheng Pengfei , Wang Shuchen , Zhu Yanping , Cui Chuanjin , Pan Jinyan
Published: January 2023

Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy is a fast, nondestructive analysis method with good selectivity and high precision, which provides a foundation for the development of the current smart agriculture system. In modern agriculture, where agricultural information is fully perceived, it is still very difficult to quickly and destructively detect the internal chemical composition of soil, crops and agricultural products. Accurate determination of oil pollutants in water by using three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy technology can provide a basis for crop irrigation and is of great significance for improving agricultural benefits. The fluorescence spectrum analysis method is adopted to distinguish three kinds of mineral oil-gasoline, kerosene and diesel. In order to make the distinguishment more intuitive and convenient, a new identification method for mineral oil is proposed. The three-dimensional fluorescence spectra of the experimental dimension are reduced into two-dimensional fluorescence spectra. The concrete operations are as follows: adopting the method of end-to-end data matrix to constitute a large Ex image, and then figuring out the envelope curve, processing and analyzing the envelope image. Four factors, such as the ranges of excitation wavelength when the relative fluorescence intensity is greater than 0.5, the optimal excitation wavelengths, their kurtosis coefficients and skewness coefficients, are to be selected as the distinguishing feature parameters of mineral oil, and thus different kinds of mineral oil can be distinguished directly according to the feature parameters. The experimental results show that the proposed method has a high resolution for different kinds of mineral oil. Accurate and fast spectral data analysis methods can make up for the deficiencies of other agricultural information perception methods, provide a basis for the application of smart agriculture in many aspects and have a positive significance for promoting the comprehensive intelligent development of agriculture.
Wavelet-Based Weighted Low-Rank Sparse Decomposition Model for Speech Enhancement Using Gammatone Filter Bank Under Low SNR Conditions
Authors: Sridhar K. Venkata , Kumar T. Kishore
Published: January 2023

Estimating noise-related parameters in unsupervised speech enhancement (SE) techniques is challenging in low SNR and non-stationary noise environments. In the recent SE approaches, the best results are achieved by partitioning noisy speech spectrograms into low-rank noise and sparse speech parts. However, a few limitations reduce the performance of these SE methods due to the use of overlap and add in STFT process, noisy phase, due to inaccurate estimation of low rank in nuclear norm minimization and Euclidian distance measure in the cost function. These aspects can cause a loss of information in the reconstructed signal when compared to clean speech. To solve this, we propose a novel wavelet-based weighted low-rank sparse decomposition model for enhancing speech by incorporating a gammatone filter bank and Kullback–Leibler divergence. The proposed framework differs from other strategies in which the SE is carried entirely in time domain without the need for noise estimation. Further, to reduce the word error rate, these algorithms were trained and tested on a typical automatic speech recognition module. The experimental findings indicate that the proposed cascaded model has shown significant improvement under low SNR conditions over individual and traditional methods with regard to SDR, PESQ, STOI, SIG, BAK and OVL.
Research and Application of Wavelet Transform-Based Two-Dimensional Pinning Potential Stochastic Resonant System
Authors: Liu Qiuling , He Lifang , Jiang Zhongjun
Published: January 2023

In stochastic resonance (SR) weak signal detection, there is no literature currently report on the study and comparison of one-dimensional (1D) and 2D pinning potential worldwide which has potential research necessity. A one (ODPPBSR) and a 2D pinning potential bistable SR (TDPPBSR) are proposed. The expressions for MFPT, SPD and SNR are derived based on adiabatic approximation theory. To investigate the correctness of the theoretical results, numerical simulations are carried out with the Runge–Kutta algorithm and the genetic algorithm (GA) is used to optimize the system. The system has exceptional ability to restore signal periodicity and amplitude amplification at low frequency, high frequency and multi-frequency. The two systems are compared of the detection capabilities on weak signals through wavelet transform denoising and applied to the 6205-2RS JEM SKF and HRB 6205-2Z for bearing fault detection. The experimental results show that the 2D system is superior to the 1D system.
Algorithmic Trading and Post-Earnings-Announcement Drift: A Cross-Country Study
Authors: Chen Tao
Published: January 2023

Synopsis

The research problem

This study investigates whether algorithmic trading matters to post-earnings-announcement drift (PEAD) across 41 countries.

Motivation

The increasing importance of algorithms has sparked interest in how computer-triggered trades affect the formation of securities prices. Thus, a large body of research has emerged to probe the instantaneous impact of algorithmic trading on price discovery; however, little work explores the role of algorithms in efficient pricing of low-frequency financial statements. In addition, the literature on PEAD always highlights firm-level drivers of this phenomenon, whereas its country-level institutional determinants remain silent.

The test hypotheses

H1: Earnings-announcement algorithmic trading does not impact PEAD.

H2: Country-level investor protection does not impact the association between earnings-announcement algorithmic trading and PEAD.

H3: Country-level information dissemination does not impact the association between earnings-announcement algorithmic trading and PEAD.

H4: Country-level disclosure requirements do not impact the association between earnings-announcement algorithmic trading and PEAD.

Target population

Various stakeholders include market traders, firm managers, regulators, and scholars.

Adopted methodology

Ordinary Least Square (OLS) Regressions.

Analyses

We follow Saglam [( 2020 ) Financial Management, 49, 33–67] to measure algorithmic trading using the transaction-level data. Based on a global sample covering 41 markets, we estimate the regression of PEAD on four proxies for algorithmic trading after considering firm-specific controls and fixed effects of country and year.

Findings

We find a negative and significant association between earnings-announcement algorithmic activity and PEAD. The documented relation retains despite addressing the endogeneity problem. Further analyses indicate that algorithmic participation mitigates investor disagreement, alleviates trader distraction, and reduces market friction, thus facilitating efficient pricing of earnings information. Finally, the impact of algorithmic trading on PEAD is more prominent in countries with stronger investor protection, faster information dissemination, and stricter disclosure requirements.
Polyurethane-Calcium Peroxide Composite Nanofibrous Scaffolds with Controlled Oxygen Release for Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Azine Zahra , Moeini Mohammad , Solouk Atefeh , Akbari Somaye
Published: January 2023

Cell survival of thick engineered scaffolds is often compromised due to limited oxygen diffusion. Therefore, the design of oxygen-delivering nanofibrous polyurethane (PU)-calcium peroxide (CPO) scaffolds was investigated in this study. The average size of CPO nanoparticles was [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]nm. The average diameter of PU fibers was [Formula: see text]m, which was increased to [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]m upon incorporation of 0.1[Formula: see text]wt.%, 0.5[Formula: see text]wt.% and 1[Formula: see text]wt.% CPO, respectively. The CPO-containing scaffolds could produce oxygen for at least 13 days. Samples containing 0.5% CPO showed the highest oxygen release without a significant change in pH. For this sample, the addition of ascorbic acid as an antioxidant to counteract the possible formation of ROS, reduced the fiber diameter to [Formula: see text]m and increased the oxygen release. Adding 0.5% CPO improved the cell viability on the fifth day. In addition, the PU-CPO composite scaffold showed strong antibacterial activity. Overall, designed scaffolds could be useful in different tissue engineering applications to overcome the limited oxygen availability early after implantation.
Characterizations of B-valued concentration inequalities via the Rademacher type
Authors: Cheng Lixin , He Wuyi , Luo Sijie
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we show that a sufficient and necessary condition for that the Hoeffding concentration inequality of Banach space-valued ([Formula: see text]-valued, for simplicity) random variables holds is that the Banach space in question admits the Rademacher type [Formula: see text] for some [Formula: see text]; which is equivalent to that the Bernstein concentration inequality holds for such [Formula: see text]-valued random variables. This is done by applying a refined McDiarmid inequality (stated and proved in this paper) via the entropy method. This result is also applied to the density property of induced subgraphs of random Cayley graphs generated by a finite abelian group.
A hybrid of ant colony optimization, genetic algorithm and flux balance analysis for optimization of succinic acid production in Escherichia coli
Authors: Tan Jun Bin , Choon Yee Wen , Moorthy Kohbalan , Adli Hasyiya Karimah , Remli Muhammad Akmal , Ismail Mohd Arfian , Ibrahim Zuwairie , Mohamad Mohd Saberi
Published: January 2023

Succinic acid, also known as dicarboxylic acid, is one of the biochemical products chemically produced from Escherichia coli (E. coli) metabolism. However, by using conventional methods succinic acid cannot be produced sufficiently and it is costly. Hence, there is a lot of ongoing research on E. coli by using in silico methods. Researchers build computational models of E. coli to analyze and modify their metabolic network. This paper proposes a hybrid of ant colony optimization–genetic algorithm–flux balance analysis (ACOGAFBA) in enhancing the succinic acid production of E. coli by identifying genes to be knocked out. Ant colony optimization (ACO) is a swarm intelligent optimization that is inspired based on the natural foraging behavior of ant colony. Local search technique like genetic algorithm (GA) is applied to solve optimization and search problem by approximation. Flux balance analysis (FBA) is used for fitness calculation after gene knockout. FBA identifies a point (fitness) in flux space by using quadratic programming, which is closest to the wild type point. ACOGAFBA produced three sets of gene knockout lists. The dataset [Formula: see text]JR904 is used in this paper. The results show that ACOGAFBA can identify the set of knockout genes to improve succinic acid production in E. coli.
Software Engineering of Machine Learning Systems
Authors: Isbell Charles , Littman Michael L. , Norvig Peter
Published: January 2023

Seeking to make machine learning more dependable.
HPC Forecast
Authors: Reed Daniel , Gannon Dennis , Dongarra Jack
Published: January 2023

An examination of how the technology landscape has changed and possible future directions for HPC operations and innovation.
From Zero to 100
Authors: Bush Matthew , Mashatan Atefeh
Published: January 2023

Demystifying zero trust and its implications on enterprise people, process, and technology.
Post-Quantum Cryptography
Authors: Monroe Don
Published: January 2023

Cryptographers seek algorithms quantum computers cannot break.
Handling Bias in Toxic Speech Detection: A Survey
Authors: Garg Tanmay , Masud Sarah , Suresh Tharun , Chakraborty Tanmoy
Published: January 2023

Detecting online toxicity has always been a challenge due to its inherent subjectivity. Factors such as the context, geography, socio-political climate, and background of the producers and consumers of the posts play a crucial role in determining if the content can be flagged as toxic. Adoption of automated toxicity detection models in production can thus lead to a sidelining of the various groups they aim to help in the first place. It has piqued researchers’ interest in examining unintended biases and their mitigation. Due to the nascent and multi-faceted nature of the work, complete literature is chaotic in its terminologies, techniques, and findings. In this article, we put together a systematic study of the limitations and challenges of existing methods for mitigating bias in toxicity detection.

We look closely at proposed methods for evaluating and mitigating bias in toxic speech detection. To examine the limitations of existing methods, we also conduct a case study to introduce the concept of
bias shift
due to knowledge-based bias mitigation. The survey concludes with an overview of the critical challenges, research gaps, and future directions. While reducing toxicity on online platforms continues to be an active area of research, a systematic study of various biases and their mitigation strategies will help the research community produce robust and fair models.

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Preparation of α- MnO2 Nanowires Coated with Hybrid of Manganese and Cerium Oxides and Studying Their Catalytic Performance Toward Electro-Oxidation of L- Methionine
Authors: Rashedi Maryam , Alizadeh Taher
Published: January 2023

A facile synthetic method for mixed transition metal oxide, with a desirable potential for electrochemical determination of L-methionine, was proposed. The hierarchical nanostructure, MnO2@MnCeO, was prepared by a hydrothermal process followed by calcination at 350 °C. The structure has a backbone made of α- MnO2 nanowires covered with a hybrid of manganese and cerium oxides. The crystallographic analysis demonstrated that the phases of MnO2 formed on the backbone surface and the backbone MnO2 are the same. The synthesized material was employed for the modification of a carbon paste electrode to design an outstanding sensor for L-methionine determination. The electrocatalytic activity of α-MnO2 nanowires covered by mixed oxides of MnCeO and single oxide of CeO toward L-methionine electrooxidation were compared to each other. It was revealed that the MnO2@MnCeO modified carbon paste elecrode exhibited better analytical performance than the one modified with MnO2@CeO. This composite electrode was successfully applied in L-methionine assessments in two ranges of concentration, 1000–10000 and 1–750 μmol l−1 with a detection limit as low as 0.16 μmol l−1. Owing to the remarkable sensitivity and promising selectivity of the prepared electrode, it could assess methionine content in complex matrices of human plasma samples.