bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Margaret Cavendish and the Stigma of Haste
Authors: Skouen Tina
Published: July 2014

In “The Poetresses Hasty Resolution,” a prefatory poem to Margaret Cavendish’s (c. 1623–1673) first published collection, Poems and Fancies (London, 1653), the writer makes an excuse for having rushed her hastily written pieces into print. This is one of several prefaces scattered throughout Cavendish’s works that draws attention to the topic of time. Whereas the existing criticism has interpreted Cavendish’s apologies as indicative of her immediate circumstances of publication and her troubled desire for fame, this essay argues that Cavendish employs a conventional appeal to the audience’s good will for a strategic purpose: to challenge the emphasis placed on care and deliberation in humanist rhetoric and poetics.
Manuscript, Print, and Politics in Anne Finch’s “Upon the Hurricane”
Authors: Wright Gillian
Published: July 2014

“Upon the Hurricane” is one of relatively few poems by Anne Finch to survive in several states of authorial revision. A response to the Great Storm of November 1703, it is also one of the first poems she is known to have written following the death of James II in September 1701. This article compares the early manuscript and print versions of the poem, reading them for evidence both of Finch’s practice as a poet and a reviser and of her complex political and emotional response to James’s death. “Upon the Hurricane” follows Jacobite orthodoxy in seeing the widespread destruction caused by the storm as confirmation of the nation’s perfidy in rebelling against its rightful king. It also indicates the limits of Finch’s Jacobitism through its failure to look to James’s son and heir for political redemption and its insistence that safety can only be found in God.
The Politics of King David in Early Modern English Verse
Authors: Kilgore Robert
Published: July 2014

This article examines the political implications of early modern English verse dealing with the Hebrew king David and of English translations of the Psalms. The article first considers John Milton’s minimization of David in Paradise Lost , before turning to 1) a survey of how and why David was praised or blamed by various poets, and 2) a case study of translations of the penitential Psalm 6 by Thomas Wyatt, Philip Sidney, King James VI/I, and Milton. The article concludes by returning to Milton and argues that insofar as the Stuarts and their supporters associated themselves with the poetry, penance, and royal power of David, Milton views them as retrograde to the progress of human and sacred history, and thus attempts to consign David’s royal example to oblivion. Therefore, a significant but understudied amount of English verse, dealing with David and his sin, is shown to be an early modern mode of poetical and political analysis.
“Dearest Susie Pye”: New Meredith Letters to Peacock’s Natural Daughter
Authors: Joukovsky Nicholas A.
Published: July 2014

This article provides full details of a recently discovered cache of letters from George Meredith and his first wife Mary Ellen to Susan Mary Abbott (1830–1921), who in 1858 married William Mayne Neill (1824–1913). The first section focuses on the biographical background of the letters, identifying the recipient as a previously unknown natural daughter of Thomas Love Peacock, and thus a half-sister of Mary Ellen Meredith. The second section provides annotated texts of the letters, which were written in 1854–55, while the Merediths were still living together, and in 1861, more than three years after their separation and just a few months before Mary Ellen’s death. Despite Meredith’s habitual reserve, these new letters are among the most revealing personal documents to have survived his efforts to suppress all written records of his family background and first marriage. They also throw new light on Meredith’s literary work, especially the composition, revision, and publication of his first novel, The Shaving of Shagpat .
The “Very, Very Words”: (Mis)quoting Scripture in Lancelot Andrewes’s and John Donne’s Sermons on Job 19:23–27
Authors: Knight Alison
Published: July 2014

In their sermons on Job 19:23–27, Lancelot Andrewes and John Donne alter, misquote, and misapply the words of their text. Critics tend to attribute such free use of the words of scripture to inexact practices of quotation in the early modern period; however, rather than demonstrate inattention to the specifics of scriptural language, preachers’ attempts to play with scriptural words often represent intense focus on the lexical features of their texts. Andrewes and Donne employ methods of misquotation in order to accommodate the textual difficulties presented by scripture, such as variant sources, conflicting translations, or linguistic lacunae in the originals. Both preachers react to the considerable divergence between available versions of this passage, and their misquotations represent deliberate attempts to provide meaningful form to difficult scriptural words. Misquotation allows preachers a means of navigating between responsibilities to scripture that could often be in conflict: that they accurately present the words of scripture to their audiences, and that they provide a clear account of their meaning.
Embedded Poetry and Coterie Readers in Mary Wroth’s Urania
Authors: Rodgers Sarah
Published: July 2014

This article explores how Mary Wroth’s Urania is positioned at the intersection of manuscript and print cultures. While part 1 of the romance offers a literary representation of manuscript culture; Wroth, significantly, chose to print her romance. Wroth’s choice reflects her ambivalent relationship with her literary circle and may have allowed her both to critique her coterie audience and to seek an audience who would read her romance for its literary merit rather than to “decipher” it for personal information. Though critics have suggested that part 1 of the Urania offers a largely positive portrayal of a welcoming coterie audience for Pamphilia’s verse, its portrayal of the coterie is much more complicated, particularly because the coterie’s attempts to decipher Pamphilia’s verse push her to create ever-more indecipherable poetry. The article concludes with a discussion of readers’ handwritten endings to the printed Urania , which complicate the relationship between reader and writer, as well as between manuscript and print.
Exhilarating the Spirits: Burtonian Study as a Cure for Scholarly Melancholy
Authors: Shirilan Stephanie
Published: July 2014

This article examines the value that Burton not only attributes to study as a cure for melancholy but also induces by prescription. Burton’s seemingly superficial style of survey in The Anatomy of Melancholy models an alternative to those grave and ruminating modes of inquiry that Burton deems to be dangerous for the melancholically inclined, instead offering his reader a program for the allegrification of the spirits through the evocation of therapeutic wonder. I argue that Burton dispenses his study cure by appealing directly to the transformative powers of the imagination as they were understood by Renaissance Neoplatonists and rhetorical theorists whose influences are traced in part 1. Part 2 attends to the complex ironies of Burton’s juxtaposed accounts of the institutional causes of scholarly melancholy and the restorative effects of delightful study. Part 3 explores the ways that Burton’s descriptions of the inexhaustible variety of wonder to be found in studies yet to come and authors yet to be studied induce a sense of futurity and community that militates against the comorbid experiences of alienation and despair to which the melancholic scholar is prone.
Pioneers of Social Progress?: Gender and Technology in British Printing Trade Union Journals, 1840–65
Authors: Score Melissa
Published: July 2014

This essay examines mid-nineteenth century compositors’ and bookbinders’ trade union journals and their presentation of gendered workplaces: the male world of the skilled compositor and the female realm of book-folders and stitchers. Compositors were among the best educated of London artisans who were anxious to safeguard their traditions against the combined threat of apprentices, women compositors, and mechanization. By emphasizing the masculine traditions of the craft, opposing technology, and arguing for women’s relegation to the domestic sphere, compositors’ journals constructed a socially conservative community that stood in stark contrast to the bookbinders’ union, which campaigned on behalf of a female workforce.
Corrigendum: The Misattribution of R. S. Surtees’s The Richest Commoner in England
Authors: Gregory Troy
Published: July 2014

The article seeks to establish the authorship of R. S. Surtees’s apocryphal The Richest Commoner in England and to situate it within the larger canon of Surtees’s writing. In addition, it challenges misattribution of the work within the scholarly tradition dating from 1990. Correct attribution of the serial suggests directions for future research involving social mobility and women’s rights in England between the late 1840s and the late 1850s.
Centrally Peripheral, Peripherally Central: The “Prout Papers” of Francis Sylvester Mahony
Authors: Dunne Fergus
Published: July 2014

This article reconsiders the pseudonymous essays Francis Sylvester Mahony (1804-66) (“Father Prout”) contributed to Fraser’s Magazine in the mid-1830s. It explores his seemingly anomalous position as a Catholic unionist writer in an avowedly Tory Protestant periodical and examines his vituperative repudiation of popular O’Connellite nationalism. It also evaluates Mahony’s aesthetic re-interpretation of William Maginn’s progressive Tory politics in relation to the competitive literary marketplace of post-Reform Bill London. In addition, it focuses on Mahony’s skilful negotiation of opposing metropolitan and peripheral perspectives and his ironic reworking of the crisis of representation in British and Irish literature during the 1830s.
“Let the Nightingales Alone”: Correspondence Columns, the Scottish Press, and the Making of the Working-Class Poet
Authors: Blair Kirstie
Published: July 2014

This article examines the presence of poetry and poetic criticism in the correspondence columns of the mid-Victorian Scottish popular press. It argues that these columns are a major, unacknowledged resource in the working-class poetic tradition and that editorial advice helped to shape the form and content of newspaper poetry during this period. It also suggests that these columns fostered satirical as well as serious poetic production.
The Edinburgh and Quarterly Reviews in 1848: Allies against French Revolution and British Democracy
Authors: Lewis Michael D.
Published: July 2014

In the first half of the nineteenth century, the Edinburgh and Quarterly reviews battled over the meaning of the French revolutions of 1789 and 1830, the former periodical commending and the latter condemning political progress. After the February Revolution of 1848, however, the opponents joined forces by scorning the French Republicans and by insisting that Britain was safe from a similar crisis. Yet their emphasis on British exceptionalism and security was accompanied by the admission that Britain was also progressing toward a democratic order. The two reviews thus contradicted both their former positions and their faith in the status quo.
Picturing the “English Roadside”: George Meredith’s Poetry and Once a Week
Authors: Mitchell Rebecca N.
Published: July 2014

This article suggests that the critical response to George Meredith’s Modern Love and Poems of the English Roadside (1862) carries the residue of the well-loved illustrated versions of the Roadside poems that earlier appeared in the weekly journal Once a Week . These poems feature speakers whose ambivalence challenges ideals of simplistic nationalism and rustic folksiness, yet this idealism is amplified in the accompanying illustrations. Using “Juggling Jerry” and “The Old Chartist” as examples, this article considers the ways in which these illustrations inform the responses of later readers and critics of Meredith’s verse, at times overriding the content of the poems themselves.
The Outlandish Jane: Austen and Female Identity in Victorian Women’s Magazines
Authors: Cano-López Marina
Published: July 2014

Recent research has identified Victorian women’s magazines as a key channel for investigating domestic ideology. From the 1870s to the fin de siècle, women’s periodicals often presented Jane Austen as a publicly acceptable model of the woman writer. This essay focuses on profiles of Austen published in the Englishwoman’s Domestic Magazine, Girl’s Own Paper , and Women’s Penny Paper , investigating how these narratives reiterated and diverged from biographical accounts produced by members of Austen’s family. In these contexts, Austen’s life and works became a point of contention in battles over definitions of female identity.
“Nothing but land”: Women’s Narratives, Gardens, and the Settler-Colonial Imaginary in the US West and Australian Outback
Authors: Lynch Tom
Published: July 2014

This essay applies ecocriticism, informed by a transnational, settler-colonial theory, to a comparative analysis of texts by three US and three Australian women authors. Through an examination of both “wild” and domestic landscapes, the essay works to establish how these authors manifest the “settler-colonial imaginary” through their glorification of the process of establishing English-style gardens on homesteads founded in territory depicted as an “ un land.” The essay reads the insistent use of a “nothing but” construction in descriptions of uncultivated land in both the Australian and US texts as signifying the literary imagining of the “ un land” of the colonized territory, a discursive clearing of the land, as it were, to make room for settlement. From there, it proceeds to compare and contrast the different ways in which these texts imagined settlers’ occupation of land as an ecological struggle to wrest an arid or semi-arid landscape into a space amenable for the production of an English garden—the symbol of the settler-colonial project’s ultimate success. It then discusses texts by settler women in both Australia and the United States that imagine settlement in a more ecologically sustainable way, signaling a potential “counter-colonial” gesture of reconciliation with place.
“Learn to Talk Yaqui”: Mexico and the Cherokee Literary Politics of John Milton Oskison and Will Rogers
Authors: Cox James H.
Published: July 2014

This essay discusses the correlations between the political views of the Cherokee Nation and Mexico in the writing of Rogers and Oskison. Rogers is nostalgic for the Cherokee Nation that Oklahoma statehood spoiled and a vigorous anti-interventionist in his commentary on a Mexican nation constantly facing US interference. Oskison more readily embraced the changes that came to the Cherokee Nation following allotment and statehood. In his writing on Mexico, his politics align with the United States rather than with a primitive Mexico and, in the case of his biography of Sam Houston, against the Texas Cherokees as well. The essay includes a final comment on a third Cherokee writer, Lynn Riggs, whose plays about Mexico celebrated indigenous revolution. Together, the work of all three writers illuminates a literary politics shaped by pre-statehood Cherokee contexts but diverse and international in scope.
All the Pretty Mexican Girls: Whiteness and Racial Desire in Cormac McCarthy’s All the Pretty Horses and Cities of the Plain
Authors: Reimer Jennifer A.
Published: July 2014

“All the Pretty Mexican Girls: Whiteness and Racial Desire in Cormac McCarthy’s All the Pretty Horses and Cities of the Plain ” uses a critical analysis of race and gender to argue that John Grady Cole’s relationship with Alejandra and Magdalena invokes a larger and longer history of the commodification and sexualization of women’s bodies in the contact zone of the US-Mexico borderlands. The critical concerns this article addresses seek to re-situate McCarthy’s influential borderlands writing within a more nuanced series of border encounters that expose how transactions between regional, national, and international material realities on the US-Mexico border make available certain identities and modes of representation. Exposing the links between McCarthy’s representations and real-world material realities are crucial to this analysis because they reveal how McCarthy both accounts for and disavows the operations of power and history on the US-Mexico border. McCarthy’s border novels represent an in-between space where western history and the Western genre can be self-consciously invoked and revised, but only to a certain extent. John Grady Cole may be a more compassionate and “politically correct” John Wayne, yet the violence, sexual and otherwise, perpetrated on the bodies of brown women in the Border Trilogy reminds us how much McCarthy’s white masculinities rely on such abject bodies in order to fashion their own ambivalent agency in the brutal world of McCarthy’s borderlands.
Resisting the Border: Natural Narrative, Everyday Story
Authors: Cowell Pattie
Published: July 2014

“Resisting the Border” draws on archival and field research, collecting stories from Alberta, the Dakotas, Montana, and Saskatchewan to suggest that in the first decades of the twentieth century those who lived on the northern grasslands created transnational identities. Using evidence drawn from oral storytelling and narrative theory, the essay explores the meaning of the US-Canadian border to those who lived in the borderlands.
Frequency of conflicts in construction project procurement: A correlation analysis
Authors:   Department of Building, University of Lagos, Nigeria., Dada Martin
Published: July 2014

Conflicts occur on construction projects and may degenerate into unpleasant situations such as claims, lawsuits and project abandonment. This research investigated the frequency and correlates of conflicts in identified conflict centers on projects procured with either the traditional method or integrated methods. Conflicts were measured in terms of their frequencies of occurrence. Five internal conflict centers on construction projects were identified and used. Questionnaires were administered through purposive and snowballing techniques on 274 projects located in twelve states and Abuja in Nigeria. 96 usable responses were obtained. The collected data were subjected to both descriptive and inferential statistical analyses. The most critical area of conflict was around resources for project execution on projects executed with the integrated procurement method, while the most critical area of conflicts on projects executed with the traditional method was conflict arising from administrative procedures. There were significant correlations between overall satisfaction with project procurement and the frequency of conflicts. However, the results of the analyses do not suggest that any significant correlations exist between the method used for the procurement of the projects and the frequency of conflicts on the projects. The study recommends that the central place of the person, the psychological make-up and personality of team members, instead of structure, may be variables to watch out for with respect to frequency of conflicts, handling of conflicts and overall satisfaction with project procurement. It is recommended that similar analyses can be done on the basis of intensity or seriousness of conflicts.
Los cuerpos académicos, recursos y colegialidad forzada
Authors: Silva Montes Cesar , Castro Valles Alberto
Published: July 2014

En el presente artículo se analizan los efectos del Programa de Mejoramiento del Profesorado (Promep) en la planta académica de la Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez (UACJ). Diseñado como una política nacional dirigida a promover la eficiencia de las actividades universitarias, para sus impulsores la profesionalización del profesorado y el desarrollo de cuerpos académicos (CA) mejoró la calidad de la docencia y la productividad científica. Desde la perspectiva cualitativa y etnográfica, se encontró que para una parte del profesorado de la UACJ, esta política fortaleció el individualismo, la meritocracia y la evaluación burocrática que obstaculiza la colegialidad voluntaria y el compromiso intelectual. Hasta el momento la administración intenta homogenizar las prácticas académicas promoviendo la obtención del reconocimiento del “perfil deseable Pomep” y la consolidación de los CA, como una vía para aumentar los recursos económicos asignados a la institución.
Suitability of various materials for porous filters in diffusion experiments
Authors: Aldaba David , Glaus Martin , Leupin Olivier , Van Loon Luc , Vidal Miquel , Rigol Anna
Published: July 2014

The suitability of different porous materials (stainless steel, VYCOR® glass, Al2O3 and PEEK) for
use as confining filters in diffusion experiments was evaluated by measuring the effective diffusion coefficients (D
e) of
neutral (HTO) and ionic solutes (Na+, Cs+, Sr2+, Cl
–
, SeO4
2−) in the materials in through-diffusion
experiments. For stainless steel filters, the D
e values of the target solutes correlated satisfactorily with their bulk
diffusion coefficient in water (D
w); thus, the diffusion process in the stainless steel filters was primarily controlled by
the diffusivity of the solvated ions. For the remaining materials, the D
e and D
w values were also correlated
for the target solutes, and the geometric factors were in the sequence: VYCOR® glass < Al2O3 <
PEEK. Stainless steel and VYCOR® glass were the most appropriate materials because of their high
D
e values, but a specific interaction of caesium with VYCOR® glass was hypothesised because the
D
e values obtained for this solute were slightly higher than expected.
Detoxification of azinophos methyl using gamma radiation mediated advance oxidation process and investigation of degradation products
by HPLC and GC-MS
Authors: Khan Sadaf Sadiq , Riaz Muhammad
Published: July 2014

Gamma radiolytic degradation of azinophos-methyl was studied in water
and methanol separately, using 60Co as a radiation source
under varied experimental conditions. Solution of azinophos-methyl was
prepared in pure methanol at concentration of
50 μg ml−1, irradiated at gamma dose of 1 to
7 kGy and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
coupled with diode array detector was used to monitor the extent of
degradation along with numbers of degradation products. At dose of
7 kGy ≥ 99% of azinophos-methyl was
degraded. The degradation occurred by interaction of CH3O. and H.
radicals generated by the radiolysis of high purity methanol while in
water by .OH radical. The degradation in water was increased by
30% than in methanol due the high oxidation potential of .OH
while keeping the gamma ray dose constant at 3 kGy. The
generated degradation products were identified using GC-MS and their
possible transformation pathways are proposed. It is suggested that
use of ionization radiations can be an effective and efficient tool
for the removal of organophosphate pesticides in waste water.
Application of X-Ray Diffraction Analysis for Determining Residual Stresses on Soil Particles Due to Thermal Treatment
Authors: Kadali Srinivas , Singh D. N. , Shekhawat S. K.
Published: July 2014

With an intention to investigate the influence of heat on the soil particles when they get exposed to thermal flux, six soils of entirely different characteristics were subjected to temperatures up to 300°C (this being the maximum temperature associated with the nuclear wastes to be disposed in geoenvironment), in steps of 50°C. After each step of thermal treatment, the residues were characterized for their crystal size, lattice strain, normal stress (tensile and compressive), and shear stress, by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Based on a critical synthesis of the results, it has been demonstrated that the stresses on the soil particles change from tensile to compressive while the strains are insignificant. It is believed that such a study would be quite useful in predicting the response and engineering properties of soils at elevated temperatures.
Late Cretaceous–early Paleocene ostracod biostratigraphy of Scientific Drilling Sk1(N) in the Songliao Basin, northeast China
Authors: Qu Haiying , Xi Dangpeng , Li Sha , Colin Jean Paul , Huang Qinghua , Wan Xiaoqiao
Published: July 2014

Cretaceous non-marine deposits are widespread in China and have been studied comprehensively. The Songliao Basin in northeast China is thought to be well suited for investigation of Cretaceous biostratigraphy. However, despite much research having been conducted in the basin, little is known about its Late Cretaceous biostratigraphy and paleoenvironment. Here, we establish a high-resolution biostratigraphy of the Late Cretaceous based on ostracods from borehole SK1(n) in the Songliao Basin, northeast China. As part of the present study, 45 species assigned to 20 genera have been recovered, with one new species (Ilyocypris bisulcatan. sp.) and five ostracod assemblages: theCypridea gunsulinensis–Mongolocypris magnaassemblage, which is marked by the first occurrence (F.O.) ofIlyocyprimorphawith nodes and spines; theIlyocyprimorpha–Limnocypridea sunliaonensis–Periacanthellaassemblage, which ranges from the F.O. ofIlyocyprimorphawith nodes and spines to the F.O. ofStrumosiasp.; theStrumosia inanditaassemblage from the F.O. ofStrumosiasp. to the lower occurrence (L.O.) ofStrumosia inandita; theTalicypridea amoena–Metacypris kaitunensis–Ziziphocypris simakoviassemblage from the F.O. ofMongolocypris apiculata(Cea) andTalicypridea amoenato the F.O. ofIlyocyprissp.; and theIlyocyprisassemblage from the F.O. ofIlyocyprissp. to the L.O. ofIlyocypris bisulcatan. sp.

Moreover, the zonal fossilIlyocypris bisulcatan. sp. of Zone 5 is here described for the first time from the upper Mingshui Formation, and Paleocene charophyte genera includingNeocharaandGrovesicahrahave been found to coexist with the Zone 5 fauna. The age of theIlyocyprisAssemblage is assigned to the latest Maastrichtian to the earliest Danian.
A review of paleontological finite element models and their validity
Authors: Bright Jen A.
Published: July 2014

Finite element analysis (FEA) is a powerful quantitative tool that models mechanical performance in virtual reconstructions of complex structures, such as animal skeletons. The unique potential of FEA to elucidate the function, performance, and ecological roles of extinct taxa is an alluring prospect to paleontologists, and the technique has gained significant attention over recent years. However, as with all modeling approaches, FE models are highly sensitive to the information that is used to construct them. Given the imperfect quality of the fossil record, paleontologists are unlikely to ever know precisely which numbers to feed into their models, and it is therefore imperative that we understand how variation in FEA inputs directly affects FEA results. This is achieved through sensitivity and validation studies, which assess how inputs influence outputs, and compare these outputs to experimental data obtained from extant species. Although these studies are restricted largely to primates at present, they highlight both the power and the limitations of FEA. Reassuringly, FE models seem capable of reliably reproducing patterns of stresses and strains even with limited input data, but the magnitudes of these outputs are often in error. Paleontologists are therefore cautioned not to over-interpret their results. Crucially, validations show that without knowledge of skeletal material properties, which are unknowable from fossilized tissues, absolute performance values such as breaking stresses cannot be accurately determined. The true power of paleontological FEA therefore lies in the ability to manipulate virtual representations of morphology, to make relative comparisons between models, and to quantitatively assess how evolutionary changes of shape result in functional adaptations.
Influence of matrix grade on the mechanical behaviour of fibre-reinforced concrete
Authors: Vasanelli Emilia , Micelli Francesco , Aiello Maria Antonietta
Published: July 2014

Mechanical behaviour of fibre-reinforced concrete is influenced both by the properties of the fibres (geometry, aspect ratio, dosage) and the properties of the matrix (concrete grade, curing time, water-to-cement ratio). Many research studies have been published that focus on the influence of different kinds of fibres on the final properties of concrete. Against this the influence of the matrix grade on the mechanical properties of fibre-reinforced concrete is a topic that is almost unexplored. A mechanical characterisation of fibre-reinforced concrete in the hardened and fresh states is carried out, varying the concrete grade, the fibre dosage and the fibre type (steel and polyester). The results of the experimental research indicate the importance of the matrix grade on the bond between the steel fibre and the matrix and, consequently, on the mechanical performances of the composite material. Furthermore the concrete grade also influences the minimum volume fraction of polyester fibres affecting the matrix toughness.
Atmospheric Deposition Effects on Agricultural Soil Acidification State — Key Study: Krupanj Municipality
Authors: Čakmak Dragan , Beloica Jelena , Perović Veljko , Kadović Ratko , Mrvić Vesna , Knežević Jasmina , Belanović Snežana
Published: July 2014

Acidification, as a form of soil degradation is a process that leads to permanent reduction in the quality of soil as the most important natural resource. The process of soil acidification, which in the first place implies a reduction in soil pH, can be caused by natural processes, but also considerably accelerated by the anthropogenic influence of excessive S and N emissions, uncontrolled deforestation, and intensive agricultural processes. Critical loads, i.e. the upper limit of harmful depositions (primarily of S and N) which will not cause damages to the ecosystem, were determined in Europe under the auspices of the Executive Committee of the CLRTAP in 1980. These values represent the basic indicators of ecosystem stability to the process of acidification. This paper defines the status of acidification for the period up to 2100 in relation to the long term critical and target loading of soil with S and N on the territory of Krupanj municipality by applying the VSD model. The Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) geostatistic module was used as the interpolation method. Land management, particularly in areas susceptible to acidification, needs to be focused on well-balanced agriculture and use of crops/seedlings to achieve the optimum land use and sustainable productivity for the projected 100-year period.
Dyrektywalna teoria znaczenia a problem bezbłędnej niezgody
Authors: Karczewska Natalia
Published: July 2014

Streszczenie

W swoim artykule z 2004 roku Max Kölbel charakteryzuje zjawisko „nie-zawinionej niezgody”
Wokół logicznej metodologii nauk humanistycznych
Authors: Węsierski Michał R.
Published: July 2014

Streszczenie

Artykuł stanowi próbę ukazania miejsca problematyki z zakresu metodologii nauk humanistycznych w twórczości Kazimierza Ajdukiewicza. Autor stara się przybliżyć promowany przez tego filozofa ogólny program metodyczny, majacy obejmować m.in. nauki humanistyczne, oraz, uwzgłdniając ewolucję jego pogłdów semiotycznych i metodologicznych, zarysować wpływ dzieł tego filozofa na kierunki i tresc prac metodologicznych powstałych jako bez-pośrednia bądź pośrednia inspiracja jego naukową aktywnością prowadzoną na gruncie metodologii logicznej.
The Corporate Real Estate Market in Public Statistics in Poland
Authors: Konowalczuk Jan
Published: July 2014

This paper presents theoretical considerations regarding the needs and criteria of creating ownership divisions of real estate markets for the purpose of public surveys and research. The scope of necessary changes to the collection of information in public registers and institutional conditions is indicated, as a necessary aspect towards enabling separate studies for corporate real estate to be conducted. Study results comparing the basic parameters of the real estate market in the Silesian voivodeship (Silesia province) in 2004-2012, as per the Central Statistical Office (CSO) annual reports, are also presented, as are the results of an analysis of data collected from a database of appraisers and valuers. The market parameters adopted for comparison have in both cases been developed based on the same source data obtained from public documents of the Registers of Real Estate Prices and Values (RREPV). The article presents the detailed results of own research on the real estate market in the Silesian voivodeship for 2012, with regards to the amount of real estate, the transaction values, the area of properties, and selected averages with regards to property type in line with those used in CSO studies. Also included is an assessment of the completeness of the market data presented by the CSO, taking into account the selected types of real estate. This paper also indicates the results of a pilot survey study of office workers of the RREPV in poviat (district) council offices. The comparison of the regional real estate market forms a basis for the critical evaluation of the categories of real estate used in official statistics and selected forms of real estate turnover. Proposals regarding the needs and conditions that must be met in order to enable research on the corporate real estate market have also been formulated.
Spatial and Real Estate Management Determinants of Tourism Sector Development
Authors: Źróbek-Różańska Alina , Zielińska-Szczepkowska Joanna
Published: July 2014

Satisfying residents’ needs is the main purpose of local authorities. Given that of the most fundamental of needs is the possibility of receiving fair income from work, local authorities should create an attractive investment climate, consistent with the directions of development described in strategic documents. One of the main directions, both for Poland as well as its individual regions and local units-gminas (communes), is the development of the tourism sector. To achieve this goal, local authorities possess tools that allow social-economic conditions to be shaped. The realization of particular tasks is a very complex process, and requires rational and active spatial and real estate management, coherent with the principles of spatial order and sustainable development.
Fluid inclusion evidence for barbotage and its role in gold deposition at the Darasun goldfield (Eastern Transbaykalia, Russia)
Authors: Prokofiev Vsevolod , Selector Sofiya
Published: July 2014

“Barbotage” is a process of gas penetration through a layer of liquid as a flow of dispersed small gas bubbles. Barbotage is widely used in technology particularly due to its high coefficients of interphase energy and material transfer. It promotes the heat- and mass-exchange processes as well as the chemical interactions in gas-liquid systems. Upon investigation of the fluid regime at the magmatic-hydrothermal system of Darasun goldfield (Eastern Transbaikalia, Russia) we have found evidences of barbotage as an effective mechanism resulting in the formation of vein gold deposits. In spite of the fact that early associations of gold ores in the Darasun goldfield deposits were formed from a heterogeneous fluid, their histograms of fluid salinity distributions are quite different. These differences can be explained by including into the ore-forming process the stage at which the vapour phase generated by boiling rose up as a stream of small bubbles. The corresponding scheme of the formation of the Darasun goldfield hydrothermal ore-bearing system is proposed and discussed. The possibility to use gallium fractionation and the fluid salinity distribution in hydrothermal systems as the indicators of barbotage participation in hydrothermal ore-forming processes is evaluated.
Higher satisfaction with ethnographic edutainment using YouTube among medical students in Thailand
Authors: Woratanarat Thira
Published: July 2014

Purpose: At present, transformative learning is one of the most important issues in medical education, since a conventional learning environment is prone to failure due to changing patterns among students. Ethnographic edutainment is a concept that consists of reward, competition, and motivation strategies that be used to effectively engage with learners. Methods: A total 321 first-year medical students took part in ethnographic edutainment sessions in 2011. We defined four preset learning objectives and assigned a term group project using clouding technologies. Participatory evaluation was conducted to assess the delivery of and attitudes towards this method. Results: Career lifestyles in the general population and expected real-life utilization of the final product were used as motivating factors, with competition and rewards provided through a short film contest. Nineteen out of twenty groups (95%) achieved all learning objectives. Females were more satisfied with this activity than males (P<0.001). We found statistically significant differences between lecture-based sessions and field visit sessions, as well as ethnographic edutainment activity sessions and other instructional approaches (P<0.01). The results were consistent in male and female groups. Conclusion: Ethnographic edutainment is well accepted, with higher satisfaction rates than other types of teaching. The concepts of health promotion and the social determinants of health can be learned through ethnographic edutainment activities, which might help train more humanized health professionals.
First Isolation of New Canine Parvovirus 2a from Tibetan Mastiff and Global Analysis of the Full-Length VP2 Gene of Canine Parvoviruses 2 in China
Authors: Zhong Zhijun , Liang Luqi , Zhao Juan , Xu Xiaoyang , Cao Xuefeng , Liu Xuehan , Zhou Ziyao , Ren Zhihua , Shen Liuhong , Geng Yi , Gu Xiaobin , Peng Guangneng
Published: July 2014

Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) was first identified in 1978, and is responsible for classic parvoviral enteritis. Despite the widespread vaccination of domestic carnivores, CPVs have remained important pathogens of domestic and wild carnivores. In this study, we isolated CPV-2 from Tibetan mastiffs and performed a global analysis of the complete VP2 gene sequences of CPV-2 strains in China. Six isolates were typed as new CPV-2a, according to key amino acid positions. On a phylogenetic tree, these six sequences formed a distinct clade. Five isolates occurred on the same branch as KF785794 from China and GQ379049 from Thailand; CPV-LS-ZA1 formed a separate subgroup with FJ435347 from China. One hundred ninety-eight sequences from various parts of China and the six sequences isolated here formed seven distinct clusters, indicating the high diversity of CPVs in China. Of 204 VP2 sequences, 183 (91.04%) encoded the mutation Ser297Ala, regardless of the antigenic type, implying that most Chinese CPV-2 strains contain the VP2 mutation Ser297Ala. However, the biological significance of this change from prototype CPV-2a/2b to new CPV-2a/2b types remains unclear. This study is the first to isolate new CPV-2a from the Tibetan mastiff. Our data show that new CPV-2a/2b variants are now circulating in China.
ICTs and Their Impact on Women's Roles and Evolution within Developing Societies
Authors: Ionescu Ana-Cristina
Published: July 2014

The Internet is definitely the most complex and dynamic technical and cultural phenomenon that humanity ever experienced. Nevertheless, despite its positive impact on the Western world, Web 2.0 has yet to prove its power in the undeveloped regions of the globe, where the Internet Era is still at its dawn. In developing countries, the barriers that women face, such as poverty or social imbalances, establish significant challenges that hinder connectivity and access to modern technologies. In this context, the chapter discusses the evolution of gender speech in relation to new Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). The authors determine whether the declarations and plans for action that were issued subsequent to the 1995 Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing enhanced the establishment of gendered policies on ICTs, particularly in the undeveloped regions of the world, and whether, in this way, they empower women, contribute to combating women's poverty, and promote gender equality.
Awareness and timing of pelvic floor muscle contraction, pelvic exercises and rehabilitation of pelvic floor in lifelong premature ejaculation: 5 years experience
Authors: La Pera Giuseppe
Published: July 2014

Objectives: To assess the cure rate of patients with premature ejaculation who underwent a treatment involving: 1) awareness of the pelvic floor muscles 2) learning the timing of execution and maintenance of contraction of the pelvic floor muscles during the sensation of the pre-orgasmic phase 3) pelvic floor rehabilitation (bio feed back, pelvic exercises and electrostimulation). Materials and methods: We recruited 78 patients with lifelong premature ejaculation who completed the training. The patients were informed of the role of the pelvic floor. They were taught to carry out the execution and maintenance of contraction of the pelvic floor muscles during the sensation of the pre-orgasmic phase to control the ejaculatory reflex. In order to improve the awareness, the tone and the endurance of the pelvic floor muscles, patients were treated with the rehabilitation of pelvic floor (RPF) consisting mainly in biofeedback, pelvic exercises and in some cases also in electro-stimulation (ES). The training was carried out for a period of about 2-6 months with an average of 2-5 visits per cycle. Results: 54% of patients who completed the training were cured of premature ejaculation and learned over time to be able to postpone the ejaculation reflex. In a subgroup of 26 patients was also measured the IELT which on the average increased from < 2 minutes to >10 minutes. The best results occurred mainly in patients aged less than 35 where the cure rate was 65%. There were no side effects. Conclusions: In this study, approximately half of patients with premature ejaculation were cured after applying the above treatment.This therapy, necessitates a fairly long period of time (2-6 months) and a great commitment on the part of the patient, nevertheless it can be a valid and effective treatment for patients with premature ejaculation. This treatment makes the patient independent in that he is not bound to specific times for taking medication. Furthermore there are no side effects and this therapy is particularly effective in young males.
Delayed-onset ureteral lesions due to thermal energy: An emerging condition
Authors: Selli Cesare , Turri Filippo Maria , Gabellieri Cristina , Manassero Francesca , De Maria Maurizio , Mogorovich Andrea
Published: July 2014

Objectives: To describe the risks of ureteral damage occurring during urological and gynecological procedures utilizing energybased surgical devices (ESD) during both laparoscopic and open procedures. Materials and Methods: During the last 20 months we observed five cases of iatrogenic ureteral lesions caused by ESD which required open surgery. There were 3 lesions of the lower ureter occurring during gynecological laparoscopic or robotic procedures, and 2 lesions of the upper ureter occurring during open enucleation of low-stage renal cell carcinomas. Results: In the laparoscopic gynecological lesions the cause was attributable to monopolar cutting and bipolar coagulation: they presented with urine extravasation after 20, 15 and 15 days respectively and required ureteral reimplantation in 2 out of 3 cases. In the upper ureteral lesions the causes were bipolar coagulation and LigaSure Impact TM used for perirenal fat dissection: they presented after 2 and 4 months respectively and required uretero-ureterostomy and inferior nephropexy in one case and nephrectomy in the other. In 3 out of 5 cases there was an unsuccessful attempt at placing an ureteral double J stent, and in the 2 cases where it was placed it did not prevent the formation of subsequent stricture in one. Conclusions: The widespread diffusion of ESD has the potential drawback of inadvertent thermal energy transmission to the ureter. Delayed presentation of ureteral lesions and difficulties in ureteral stent placement were the common features of the cases observed. Inadvertent ureteral damage by different thermal energy sources is an emerging condition, requiring awareness, prompt recognition and adequate treatment with the reconstructive urology principles.
Optimal feeding systems for small-scale dairy herds in the North West Province, South Africa
Authors: Manzana N. Patience , McCrindle Cheryl M.E. , Sebei P. Julius , Prozesky Leon
Published: July 2014

Land redistribution was legislated in 1994; it was designed to resolve historical imbalances inland ownership in South Africa. Between 2002 and 2006, a longitudinal observational studywas conducted with 15 purposively selected small-scale dairy farmers in a land redistributionproject in Central North West Province. Four farmers left the project over the period. For thepurposes of this study, a small-scale dairy farm was defined as a farm that produces less than500 L of milk a day, irrespective of the number of cows or size of the farm. The study wasconducted in three phases. In the first phase, situational analysis using participatory ruralappraisal (PRA) and observation was used to outline the extent of the constraints and designappropriate interventions. Feeds that were used were tested and evaluated. In the secondphase, three different feeding systems were designed from the data obtained from PRA. Thesewere: (1) A semi-intensive farm-based ration using available crops, pastures and crop residueswith minimal rations purchased. (2) An intensive, zero-grazing dairy system using a totalmixed ration. (3) A traditional, extensive or dual-purpose system, where the calf drank fromthe cow until weaning and milking was done only once a day. In the third phase, adoptionwas monitored. By July 2006, all remaining farmers had changed to commercially formulatedrations or licks and the body condition score of the cows had improved. It was concluded thatveterinary extension based on PRA and a holistic systems approach was a good option forsuch complex problems. Mentoring by commercial dairy farmers, veterinary and extensionservices appeared to be viable. Further research should be done to optimise the traditionalmodel of dairy farming, as this was relatively profitable, had a lower risk and was less labourintensive.
Distance no impediment for funerals: Death as a uniting ritual for African people � A pastoral study
Authors: Baloyi Magezi E.
Published: July 2014

An African funeral is a very social event for the entire community in which the deceased lived.Regardless of whether the deceased was a Christian or not, death has always been a reunion forlong-separated relatives, believers and non-believers. Nowadays, tents, cars and the gatheringof multitudes of people demonstrate how death can bring people together, irrespective ofdistance and relationships. Of course, this is not to deny the fact that death can be a cause ofdivision between relatives and friends. Nonetheless, the funeral itself is also a uniting factor;many people come together, regardless of distance, to pay their last tributes to the deceasedand to provide the bereaved family with emotional support. In this article, I argue that death,amongst other things, is a uniting factor that is able to bring people, who are separated bydistance and other factors, together. The aim of this article is to discuss how death invitespeople into a family, regardless of bad blood, flawed relationships and separation.