bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Illuminating Women’s Hidden Contribution to Historical Theoretical Population Genetics
Authors: Dung Samantha Kristin , López Andrea , Barragan Ezequiel Lopez , Reyes Rochelle-Jan , Thu Ricky , Castellanos Edgar , Catalan Francisca , Huerta-Sánchez Emilia , Rohlfs Rori V
Published: February 2019

Through careful review of one eminent journal over the 1970s and 80s, Dung et al. found a surprisingly high proportion of the computational work was carried out by women. Consistent with authorship norms of the time...

While productivity in academia is measured through authorship, not all scientific contributors have been recognized as authors. We consider nonauthor “acknowledged programmers” (APs), who developed, ran, and sometimes analyzed the results of computer programs. We identified APs in Theoretical Population Biology articles published between 1970 and 1990, finding that APs were disproportionately women (P = 4.0 × 10−10). We note recurrent APs who contributed to several highly-cited manuscripts. The occurrence of APs decreased over time, corresponding to the masculinization of computer programming and the shift of programming responsibilities to individuals credited as authors. We conclude that, while previously overlooked, historically, women have made substantial contributions to computational biology. For a video of this abstract, see: https://vimeo.com/313424402.
Políticas Económicas para el Desarrollo Sostenible
Libro conmemorativo del 20 aniversario del CINPE
Authors: Zuñiga-Chávez Guillermo
Published: February 2019

Con motivo del 20 aniversario del Centro Internacional de Política Económica para el Desarrollo Sostenible (CINPE), de la Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, en noviembre del 2015 se realizó el Seminario Internacional: Políticas Económicas para el Desarrollo Sostenible. Como producto de esta actividad conmemorativa, se logra la publicación del libro Políticas Económicas para el Desarrollo Sostenible, objeto de esta editorial, el cual fue presentado a la comunidad el pasado 28 de febrero del 2018. La presente editorial discute los alcances de esta publicación pero sobre todo brinda luces sobre elementos que coadyuvarían a la discusión en materia de políticas públicas y desarrollo sostenible.
Análisis de los niveles de actividad física de los estudiantes, el tipo de contenidos de la lección y la interacción del profesor durante la clase de educación física en escuelas públicas
Authors: Álvarez Bogantes Carlos
Published: February 2019

El objetivo de la investigación fue describir los niveles de actividad física (AF) de los estudiantes de escuelas primarias de zona urbana y semiurbana, durante las clases de educación física, en el contexto de la lección de educación física (EF) y las interacciones del maestro. Este es un estudio descriptivo-comparativo transversal de observación de 360 estudiantes durante las clases de I ciclo en escuelas de primaria públicas. Para evaluar estas variables, se utilizó el Sistema para Observar la Instrucción de la Aptitud Física (SOFIT). Como resultado, los estudiantes realizan menos actividad física que el promedio recomendado por la literatura. Solamente un 30.2 % y un 9 % de las lecciones de EF correspondieron a actividades de moderada (AMI) y vigorosa (AV) intensidad, respectivamente. Las mujeres presentaron niveles más bajos de AF que los hombres y las escuelas en áreas urbanas no presentaron mostraron más actividad física de moderada a vigorosa intensidad (AFMV) que en áreas semiurbanas. Con respecto al contexto de la lección, se encontró que un tercio se dedicó a asuntos administrativos y un cuarto a la instrucción y aptitud física. En conclusión, la AF durante las clases de EF en las escuelas está por debajo de las recomendaciones internacionales.
Tensiones entre ficción e historiografía: los casos de La tierra del fuego, de Sylvia Iparraguirre y El libro de Daniel, de E. L. Doctorow
Authors: Montero Corrales Cristopher
Published: February 2019

Este artículo trata sobre las tensiones entre historiografía y ficción en la literatura, específicamente en la estética textual posmoderna. Al inicio plantea generalidades del debate que han permitido homologar los textos históricos y ficcionales, para posteriormente tratar el concepto de metaliteratura o autorreferencialidad. Se concluye analizando los textos La tierra del fuego de Sylvia Iparraguirre (2000) y El libro de Daniel de E.L. Doctorow (2009) como libros que se constituyen a partir de estas tensiones entre historia/ficción y metaliteratura.
Referentes conceptuales para el abordaje de las representaciones sociales de la paz
Authors: Cerdas Agüero Evelyn
Published: February 2019

Este trabajo aborda de forma conceptual las representaciones sociales y su relación con los aspectos de la paz positiva y la paz negativa. El objetivo de este ensayo se centra en abordar elementos teóricos acerca de los conceptos de paz negativa y paz positiva que inciden en las representaciones sociales (RS). Para esto se hizo una investigación de los conceptos y se procedió a realizar un análisis de contenido de estos para su reflexión. Se concluye que las reflexiones y análisis de elementos teóricos acerca de los conceptos de paz negativa y paz positiva permiten reconocer que muchos de los significados de paz que surgen de la realidad se construyen por influencia de conceptos que rigen los sistemas sociales, la cultura y las instituciones y, en gran manera, las representaciones sociales acerca de la paz son conformadas por la influenciade informaciones mediatizadas por una intencionalidad.
Congenital Methemoglobinemia Identified by Pulse Oximetry Screening
Authors: Ward Jennifer , Motwani Jayashree , Baker Nikki , Nash Matthew , Ewer Andrew K. , Toldi Gergely
Published: February 2019

Congenital methemoglobinemia is a rare condition caused by cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency, cytochrome b5 deficiency, or hemoglobin M disease. Newborn pulse oximetry screening was developed for the early detection of critical congenital heart disease; however, it also enables the early identification of other hypoxemic conditions. We present the case of a term neonate who was admitted to the neonatal unit after a failed pulse oximetry screening at 3 hours of age. Oxygen saturations remained between 89% and 92% despite an increase in oxygen therapy. Chest radiograph and echocardiogram results were normal. A capillary blood gas test had normal results except for a raised methemoglobin level of 16%. Improvement was seen on the administration of methylene blue, which also resulted in an increase in oxygen saturations to within normal limits. Further investigation revealed evidence of type I hereditary cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency as a result of a CYB5R3 gene mutation with 2 pathogenic variants involving guanine-to-adenine substitutions. Although mild cyanosis is generally the only symptom of type I disease, patients may later develop associated symptoms, such as fatigue and shortness of breath. If an early diagnosis is missed, these patients are likely to present later with a diagnostic conundrum and be subject to extensive investigation. This case represents the success of pulse oximetry screening in the early identification of subclinical hypoxemia in this infant. After the exclusion of other pathologies, a routine investigation of capillary blood gas provided the information that led to a diagnosis, which allowed for early and effective management.
Characterization and selection of Citrus sinensis Osbeck cv. Margaritera parental trees for repopulation in the Mompox depression region, Colombia
Authors: Yacomelo Marlon , Baquero Cesar , Martínez Mauricio , Murcia Nubia , Correa Ender , Orduz-Rodriguez Javier Orlando
Published: February 2019

At the Mompox depression region, located in the lower valley of the Magdalena River, citrus trees and especially the orange cultivar Margaritera (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) are cultivated by small producers. The effects of the rainy season during 2010 and 2011 caused the loss of ca. 80% of the planted area in some municipalities. The main objective of this study was to select outstanding genotypes according to fruit quality attributes based on the Colombian Technical Standard NTC4086. This selection was carried out by collecting and characterizing 120 Margaritera orange genotypes represented by three clones: Margarita, Azucar and Criollo. The characterization was performed using 14 fruit descriptors regulated by the parameters of the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute. Outstanding clones were chosen using a selection index based on attributes such as juice percentage and maturity index. The fruit characterization showed variability for all the descriptors evaluated, especially those related to size, weight and acidity (explained 51.76% of the total variability). Furthermore, these contributed mostly to comprise three phenotypic groups conformed by 79, 23 and 18 genotypes, respectively. Eight outstanding genotypes were selected for quality attributes: four Margarita clones, two Azucar clones and two Criollo clones; these became a source of guaranteed propagation material in the region.
Ham salting in plástic bags: A way to reduce salt use?
Authors: Girón Joel , Grau Raúl , Barat José Manuel
Published: February 2019

The objective of this work was to study salt reduction in the processing and final product of Iberian dry-cured ham manufacturing. For this purpose, high-barrier plastic bags were used in the salting stage, with salt doses of 2.5 and 3.2% at 10 and 15 d. The following aspects were evaluated: the production and salt content of brine, the analytical determinations of the hams after the salting stage, the changes in the total mass of the hams during processing and the analytical and sensory assessment of the dry-cured product. The experiment results showed that the plastic bag salting minimized the production of brine by 61 and 63% and reduced the salt content in the final product without altering the physicochemical characteristics or the hygienic quality of the dry-cured ham. In the sensory analysis, the samples salted with 2.5% doses were preferred by consumers.
Fully automated vehicles: the use of travel time and its association with intention to use
Authors: Wadud Zia , Huda Fuad Yasin
Published: February 2019

Traditionally, time spent travelling has been seen as a ‘cost’ to the traveller. Autonomous or fully automated vehicles (FAVs) can free the driver of the driving task and allow engagement in other worthwhile activities inside the FAVs, which can transform how people travel. However, there is little understanding about how travel time can be used and how worthwhile this time can be in FAVs; and whether this is related to the intention to use FAVs. This paper addresses these questions through a multi-country questionnaire survey, with a sub-sample of chauffeur-driven car users to mimic time use in FAVs. Responses show that users are likely to engage in other non-driving activities while riding in FAVs, and these differ according to trip purpose and direction. Time spent travelling in FAVs is perceived to be more useful than in current modes of transport. Interest in using FAVs is directly correlated with perceived usefulness of time in autonomous vehicles. There is a strong correlation between intended activities in FAVs and current activities by primary car users in chauffeur-driven cars, providing some validation to the stated intention responses. Results have important implications for policy-making, time use and value-of-time research, as well as vehicle interior design.
Outcomes for Hemodialysis Patients Given Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for Cardiac Arrest at Outpatient Dialysis Clinics
Authors: Pun Patrick H. , Dupre Matthew E. , Starks Monique A. , Tyson Clark , Vellano Kimberly , Svetkey Laura P. , Hansen Steen , Frizzelle Brian G. , McNally Bryan , Jollis James G. , Al-Khatib Sana M. , Granger Christopher B. ,   the CARES Surveillance Group
Published: February 2019

Significance Statement

Cardiac arrest frequently occurs among patients on hemodialysis at outpatient dialysis centers; in such cases, nearly half do not survive to hospital admission. The authors analyzed outcomes of 398 outpatient dialysis clinic cardiac arrests (excluding patients with “do not resuscitate” orders), examining the relationship between cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) initiated by clinic staff and survival rates. Staff began CPR before emergency services arrived in 81.3% of events, and staff-initiated CPR was associated with a three-fold increase in the odds of survival and a favorable neurologic status at the time of hospital discharge. Dialysis staff were more likely to initiate CPR within larger dialysis clinics, for male patients, and when cardiac arrests were witnessed. Further research is needed to understand facilitators and barriers to provision of CPR in dialysis clinics.

Background

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, the leading cause of death among patients on hemodialysis, occurs frequently within outpatient dialysis centers. Practice guidelines recommend resuscitation training for all dialysis clinic staff and on-site defibrillator availability, but the extent of staff involvement in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) efforts and its association with outcomes is unknown.

Methods

We used data from the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services dialysis facility database to identify patients who had cardiac arrest within outpatient dialysis clinics between 2010 and 2016 in the southeastern United States. We compared outcomes of patients who received dialysis staff–initiated CPR with those who did not until the arrival of emergency medical services (EMS).

Results

Among 398 OHCA events in dialysis clinics, 66% of all patients presented with a nonshockable initial rhythm. Dialysis staff initiated CPR in 81.4% of events and applied defibrillators before EMS arrival in 52.3%. Staff were more likely to initiate CPR among men and witness cardiac arrests, and were more likely to provide CPR within larger dialysis clinics. Staff-initiated CPR was associated with a three-fold increase in the odds of hospital discharge and favorable neurologic status on discharge. There was no overall association between staff-initiated defibrillator use and outcomes, but there was a nonsignificant trend toward improved survival to hospital discharge in the subgroup with shockable initial cardiac arrest rhythms.

Conclusions

Dialysis staff–initiated CPR was associated with a large increase in survival but was only performed in 81% of cardiac arrest events. Further investigations should focus on understanding the potential facilitators and barriers to CPR in the dialysis setting.
Robust Inference in First-Price Auctions: Experimental Findings as Identifying Restrictions
Authors: Grundl Serafin , Zhu Yu
Published: February 2019

In laboratory experiments bidding in first-price auctions is more aggressive than predicted by the risk-neutral Bayesian Nash Equilibrium (RNBNE) - a finding known as the overbidding puzzle. Several models have been proposed to explain the overbidding puzzle, but no canonical alternative to RNBNE has emerged, and RNBNE remains the basis of the structural auction literature. Instead of estimating a particular model of overbidding, we use the overbidding restriction itself for identification, which allows us to bound the valuation distribution, the seller's payoff function, and the optimal reserve price. These bounds are consistent with RNBNE and all models of overbidding and remain valid if different bidders employ different bidding strategies. We propose simple estimators and evaluate the validity of the bounds numerically and in experimental data.
Seguimiento a egresados de Contaduría pública: una primera mirada
Authors: Diaz-Ortega Nubia , Díaz-Ortega Carlos , Jaimes-Barrera Diana
Published: February 2019

Dentro de la autoevaluación del programa de Contaduría Pública de la universidad de Pamplona, el estudio de seguimiento a egresados ocupa un lugar muy destacado, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo  conocer la realidad de los egresados y la pertinencia de los conocimientos adquiridos. Este estudio tiene una gran importancia por ser la retroalimentación que permite el mejoramiento de la calidad del programa. Los métodos y técnicas usadas fueron de carácter  descriptivo, acompañados de un trabajo de campo con un diseño no experimental, transeccional, conformado por una muestra de 34 egresados. Se utilizó la encuesta como instrumento de recolección de datos construida con 28 ítems con varias  posibilidades de respuesta. Los resultados indican que los egresados se encuentran laborando en un alto nivel con un 85%, en un porcentaje alto como auxiliares de contabilidad con un 38%, sin embargo, un 44% realiza otras actividades fuera de su campo de estudio. Estos resultados indican que se debe realizar una revisión y adaptación del plan de estudios para mejorar la calidad del programa.
48-72 AYLIK ÇOCUKLARIN GELİŞİMLERİNİN ÇEŞİTLİ DEĞİŞKENLER AÇISINDAN LAP-3 GELİŞİM DEĞERLENDİRME ÖLÇEĞİ İLE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: TUNÇELİ Hilal İlknur , ZEMBAT Rengin
Published: February 2019

Bu araştırmanın amacı 48-72 aylık çocukların gelişimlerinin LAP-3
Değerlendirme Ölçeği ile incelenmesidir. Çalışma grubu amaçlı örnekleme yoluyla
oluşturulmuş olup İstanbul ili Kadıköy, Çekmeköy, Sultanbeyli (Anadolu Yakası),
Avcılar, Zeytinburnu, Bağcılar (Avrupa Yakası) ilçeleri seçilmiştir. Seçilen
ilçelerde uygulamaya dahil edilecek okulların LAP-3 Gelişim Değerlendirme
Ölçeği’nin uygulanabilmesi gerekli fiziksel özelliklere sahip olması ölçütü
aranmıştır. Seçilen yedi okulda eğitim öğretime devam eden toplam 351 çocuk
çalışma grubuna dahil edilmiştir. Araştırma nicel araştırma türünde tasarlanmıştır.
Veri toplama aracı olarak kişisel bilgi formu ve Tunçeli (2017) tarafından
Türkçeye uyarlanan LAP-3 Gelişim Değerlendirme Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma
sonucunda çalışma grubunu oluşturan çocukların LAP-3 Gelişim Değerlendirme
Ölçeği alt testlerinde elde ettikleri puanların cinsiyetlerine, anne-baba yaşa,
kardeş sahibi olma durumuna göre farklılaşmadığı belirlenmiştir. Buna karşın
anne-babanın öğrenim durumunun yükselmesi ve anne-babanın çalışıyor olması;
okul öncesi eğitim alması ve eğitim alma sürelerinin çocukların gelişimini
olumlu yönde etkilediği belirlenmiştir.
ANAOKULU ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ KİŞİLİK ÖZELLİKLERİ İLE İLETİŞİM BECERİLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: DERE Zeynep
Published: February 2019

Kişilik, bireylerin birbirinden farklı olmasını sağlayan, doğuştan getirilen, çevre faktörlerinden ve
hayattaki kazanımlardan etkilenen bileşenlerin tümüdür. Kişiliğin bir yanı bireydeki genetik özellikleri,
diğer yanı ise aile ve toplum içindeki deneyimleri bir yansıtmaktadır. Çocukların erken dönemde
öğretmenleriyle kurdukları ilişkiler, daha ileri dönemdeki akran ilişkilerini, davranış problemlerini, okul
memnuyetini ve öğrenmelerini etkilemektedir. Çalışmada anaokulu öğretmen adaylarının kişilik
özellikleri ile iletişim becerileri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Adayların kişilik
özellikleriyle iletişim becerileri arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek amacıyla korelasyon ve çoklu regresyon
modeli kullanılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda ilk olarak Yozgat Bozok Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi’nde öğrenim
gören toplam 300 anaokulu öğretmen adayı çalışmanın evrenini oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın
örneklemini, tipik örnekleme ile belirlenen 289 okul öncesi öğretmen adayı oluşturmuştur. Araştırma
sonucunda; öğretmen adaylarının kendini gerçekleştirme, sosyal ilişkiler ve sosyal normlar kişilik
özelliklerinin iletişim becerileri puanını istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde yordadığı fakat cinsiyetin
iletişim becerileri toplam puanını istatistiksel olarak anlamlı seviyede yordamadığı görülmüştür. İletişim
becerileri toplam puanı ile kişiliğin duygusal kararlılık alt boyutu hariç diğer tüm alt boyutlarla iletişim
becerileri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki söz konusudur.
SÜPERVİZÖR ROLLERİ ÖLÇEĞİ’NİN (SRÖ) GELİŞTİRİLMESİ
Authors: İLHAN Tahsin , SARIKAYA Yusuf , YÖNTEM Mustafa Kemal
Published: February 2019

Bu araştırmanın amacı
süpervizyon alan psikolojik danışman adaylarının bakış açısına dayalı,
süpervizör rollerini ölçmeye yönelik bir araç geliştirmektir. Çalışma, beş
üniversitenin psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik lisans programlarında eğitim
gören dördüncü sınıf öğrencileri ile yüksek lisans öğrencilerinden oluşan üç
farklı araştırma grubu üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Süpervizyon Rolleri Ölçeğinin
yapı geçerliği açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri ile incelenmiştir.
Güvenirlik analizi için iç tutarlık ve test-tekrar test yöntemleri
kullanılmıştır. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda 24 maddeli ve ‘öğretmen’,
‘rehber’, ‘psikolojik danışman’ olarak adlandırılan, üç faktörlü bir yapı elde
edilmiştir. Bu üç faktör, ölçeğin toplam varyansının % 73’ünü açıklamıştır.
Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonuçları ölçeğin iyi uyum gösterdiğini ortaya
koymuştur. Ölçeğin güvenirliği Cronbach alfa iç tutarlık katsayısı ile
incelenmiş ve öğretmen, psikolojik danışman ve rehber faktörleri için sırasıyla
.95, .96 ve .91 olarak bulunmuştur.  Dört
hafta ara ile yapılan test-tekrar test güvenirlik katsayısı ise sırasıyla .91,
.92 ve .87 olarak bulunmuştur. Gerçekleştirilen analizler sonucunda Süpervizör
Rolleri Ölçeği’nin süpervizyon uygulamalarında süpervizörler rollerini ölçmeye
yönelik geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN DUYGU DÜZENLEME BECERİLERİ İLE PSİKOLOJİK YARDIM İHTİYAÇLARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: BİLGİZ Şeyma , PEKER Adem
Published: February 2019

Bu
araştırmanın amacı, üniversite birinci sınıfta öğrenim gören öğrencilerinin
duygu düzenleme becerilerinin psikolojik yardım ihtiyaçları üzerindeki
yordayıcı etkisini incelemektir. 
Araştırma Atatürk Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesinde öğrenim gören 423
birinci sınıf öğrencileri üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Katılımcıların 306’sı kız,
117’si erkektir. Araştırmada ölçme aracı olarak Duygu Düzenleme Ölçeği ve
Psikolojik Yardım İhtiyacı Belirleme Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Veriler, SPSS 22
programı ile analiz yapılmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin değerlendirilmesinde
çoklu regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda üniversite
öğrencilerinin psikolojik yardım ihtiyaçlarının, duygu düzenleme ölçeğinin alt
boyutlarından olan yeniden düzenleme ile negatif yönde ve orta düzeyde;
bastırma alt boyutu ile pozitif yönde ve düşük düzeyde ilişkilerin olduğu
belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın bir diğer sonucunda duyguları yeniden düzenlemenin
psikolojik yardım ihtiyacını negatif olarak yordadığı ortaya çıkarılmıştır.
Duyguları bastırmanın da psikolojik yardım ihtiyacını negatif olarak yordadığı
saptanmıştır.
ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL PRIORITIES OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE INSTITUTION OF PUBLIC SERVICE IN UKRAINE
Authors: Fesianov P.
Published: February 2019

The purpose of the study is to provide scientific and theoretical substantiation of the organizational and legal foundations of the development of the public service institution in Ukraine. It is proved that an important direction of organizational and legal development of the civil service institute is the increase of the efficiency of public administration, qualitative increase of the personnel potential of the civil service. Study of the main areas of organizational and legal support of public administration has allowed to determine the priorities for the development of the civil service in Ukraine. The research revealed that the effectiveness of public administration is determined by its ability to operate with modern tools of analysis, modeling and forecasting, which depends on the organizational structure of management. The results of the research show that the development of the Ukrainian state depends to a large extent on the qualitative leadership of the state-management structures, on the personal professional level of the manager, on the presence of progressive orientations, vigor and responsibility.
Prolonged Breastfeeding and Dental Caries In Children In the Third Year of Life
Authors: Hartwig Andreia Drawanz , Romano Ana Regina , Azevedo Marina Sousa
Published: February 2019

Purpose: To assess the association between long-term breastfeeding and dental caries in children during the third year of life. Study design: This retrospective longitudinal study consisted of children who were followed-up by the Maternal and Child Public Oral Health Program. Information regarding socio-economic class, demographic status, daily frequency of sucrose intake, breastfeeding duration and oral hygiene were collected with the aid of a questionnaire. Information on dental caries in the children was collected from dental records. Negative binomial regression models were used to assess the association between breastfeeding duration and dental caries. Results: We included a total of 325 children in the study. The incidence of dental caries was found to be 12.92%. Even after adjustments, children who were breastfed for a period ≥24 months were more likely to have dental caries, when compared with children who were not breastfed or were breastfed for less than 6 months. Children who had a higher frequency of sucrose intake and those with dental plaque were more likely to have dental caries. Conclusion: In this study, a greater incidence of dental caries was found in children who were breastfed for a period ≥ 24 months..
El compromiso ambiental de instituciones de educación superior en Colombia
Authors: Callejas-Restrepo María Mercedes , Sáenz-Zapata Orlando , Plata-Rangel Ángela María , Holguín-Aguirre María Teresa , Mora-Penagos William Manuel
Published: February 2019

El propósito de este artículo es presentar una visión actualizada de los avances logrados por instituciones de educación superior [IES] del país en el proceso de institucionalización del compromiso ambiental. Se indaga por la inclusión de los temas ambientales en ámbitos que incluyen, además de las funciones sustantivas de docencia, investigación y extensión, las políticas institucionales y la participación, gestión y ordenamiento ambiental. La encuesta fue diligenciada por 60 IES públicas y privadas, ubicadas en diferentes regiones del país. El carácter de la investigación es cualitativo, de tipo exploratorio, apoyado en análisis de estadística descriptiva y elaborada con base en una escala establecida para cada ámbito a partir de porcentajes que definen los niveles de compromiso ambiental de cada una de las IES. El ámbito de desempeño más alto fue el de gobierno y participación, lo cual muestra el interés de las IES por fortalecer las políticas ambientales. El más bajo fue el de gestión y ordenamiento del campus. Estos resultados establecen la necesidad, de generar estrategias de autorregulación y mejoramiento institucional, y promover procesos de continuidad de esta investigación.
DIVERSIDADE DE GÊNERO E A EVASÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA EM CURSOS DE GRADUAÇÃO EM ADMINISTRAÇÃO, CIÊNCIAS CONTÁBEIS, CIÊNCIAS ECONÔMICAS E SISTEMAS DE INFORMAÇÃO DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE MATO GROSSO (UFMT- CAMPUS RONDONÓPOLIS)
Authors: Cardoso André Luís Janzkovski , Nagai Nathália Prochnow
Published: February 2019

Esta pesquisa analisa o fenômeno da evasão no ensino superior considerando a diversidade do fator humano, especificamente a variável gênero. Assim, busca-se comparar os motivos que provocaram a evasão de alunos dos cursos de administração, ciências contábeis, ciências econômicas e sistemas de informação da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT-Campus Rondonópolis) levando em conta as percepções de homens e mulheres. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário eletrônico, composto por questões baseadas na escala Likert e por questões abertas, tendo como público-alvo alunos não matriculados em seus respectivos cursos, em dezembro de 2014. Modelos estatísticos, como análise fatorial, comparativo entre médias, correlações foram utilizados, bem como uma análise qualitativa das respostas das questões abertas. Os resultados apontam para diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os motivos de evasão e o gênero, mas apenas para dois fatores, cidade e aprendizagem. Além disso, os dados qualitativos revelaram problemas em relação à didática em sala de aula e à pressão psicológica proveniente dos professores, a falta de preparo de outros alunos, a falta de professores e o fato de o curso ser novo. Outros problemas identificados foram relacionados à segurança, falta de linhas de pesquisa, projetos de extensão e programa de iniciação científica.
PERAN PENDIDIKAN TARIKAT QADIRIYYAH WA NAQSABANDIYAH
Authors: Baharudin Baharudin , Latifah Nur
Published: February 2019

Eksistensi tarekat Qadiriyah wa Naqsabandiyah di Indonesa telah memainkan peran penting dan strategis di tengah masyarakat. Peran  tarekat Qadiriyah wa Naqsabandiyah dalam bidang pendidikan tidak terbatas pada aspek ritual dan pembinaan karakter, akhlak mulia, kepribadian hidup bersahaja, tekun beribadah, akan tetapi juga pada aspek solidaritas sosial dan kepekaaan sosial. Penelitian ini mencoba mengungkap peran pendidikan tarekat Qadiriyah wa Naqsabandiyah di Pulau Lombok, yaitu setudi kasus di Pondok Pesantren Darul Falah Pagutan Mataram. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkap bahwa peran pendidikan tarekat Qadiriyah wa Naqsabandiyah dilakukan dengan pendekatan pendidikan dalam tataran mikro dan makro. Pada tataran mikro, pengembangan pendidikan dilakukan secara personal dan dalam kelompok kecil melalui sederetan ritual seperti baiah, dzikir, khataman, dan manaqib. Sementara dalam tataran makro pengembangan pendidikan dilakukan secara terorganisir dan terstruktur melalui institusi pendidikan dan organisasi tarekat.
INTEGRASI TEKNOLOGI DIGITAL DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DI ERA INDUSTRI 4.0
Authors: Putrawangsa Susilahudin , Hasanah Uswatun
Published: February 2019

The recent study intends to describe the roles and the principles of integrating digital technology in education at the 4th Industrial Era. The integrartion is studied from mathematics education perspective. It is concluded that the basic principle of integrating digital technology in mathematics education is that the technology does not diminish students’ conceptual understanding or replace students’ intuitions in doing mathematics. Conversely, the technology is utilized to boost students’ conceptual understanding and maximize the development of students’ intuition in doing mathematics. It is identified that there are three didactical functions of digital technology in mathematics education, such as: (1) Technology for doing mathematics,  that is the technology is incorporated as alternative learning media in doing mathematical activities; (2) Technology for practicing skills, that is the technology is utilized as a learning environment to master particular mathematical skills; (3) Technology for developing conceptual understanding, that is the technology is integrated as a learning environment to develop students’ conceptual understanding of specific mathematical concepts. This last didactical function is the most expected of integrating digital technology in mathematics education.
Cancer and Natural Products: An Overview
Authors: Shah Tajamul Islam
Published: February 2019

Cancer and natural products: an overview is intended for both undergraduate and post graduate-level students (including medical students) and employees in the pharmaceutical industry interested in learning about how a normal cell becomes transformed into a cancer cell. Signaling pathways of a cell detect and respond to changes in the environment and regulate normal cellular activities. Cells contain many receptors on their membrane that allow a signal from outside the cell (e.g. growth factors) to be transmitted to the inside of the cell. The relay of information may cause a change in cell behavior or in gene expression, and results in a cellular response. Interference in these signal transduction pathways has grave consequences and may lead to the transformation of a normal cell into a cancer cell. The identification of the malfunctions of specific pathways involved in carcinogenesis provides scientists with molecular targets that can be used to generate new cancer therapeutics. I have chosen to present the biology of cancer together with a promise to design and formulate effective anti-cancer drugs from Mother Nature with negligible side effects and to replace the conventional therapies. I hope that this presentation stimulates interest and motivates learning of the subject matter. Efforts have been made to avoid overburdening the students/readers with preceding information and get laden with lucid and latest information in the field of cancer and its natural therapeutics. The author’s primary goal has been clear writing and meaningful figures. All attempts have been made in the present work to provide an integrated approach covering an overview of cancer biology, cancer genetics, carcinogenesis and promising loom from Mother Nature. I hope that this presentation stimulates interest and motivates learning of the subject matter.

You may reach author at:
taju.zoology@gmail.com
Achieving Microsurgical Competency in Orthopaedic Residents Utilizing a Self-Directed Microvascular Training Curriculum
Authors: Luther Gaurav , Blazar Philip , Dyer George
Published: February 2019

Background:

Education in microvascular surgery is limited by variable experience, a difficult learning curve, and potentially catastrophic complications caused by failed anastomoses. Furthermore, utilization of live-animal training models can be difficult because of lack of access and high maintenance costs. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness and cost of a self-directed microvascular training curriculum utilizing synthetic microvessels and nonliving models in an orthopaedic residency program.

Methods:

Twenty-five orthopaedic residents ranging from postgraduate year (PGY)-1 to PGY-4 were prospectively enrolled. The curriculum consisted of learning the basics of microsurgery on nonliving models and progressed to anastomoses on a 1-mm synthetic microvessel. Outcomes included Global Rating Scale (GRS) scores (5 to 25 points), patency, anastomosis time, comfort level (1 to 10 points), time to complete the curriculum, and curriculum utility (1 to 10 points). Blinded qualitative assessments (from 1 to 10 points) of pre-curriculum and post-curriculum anastomoses were made by 4 hand surgery faculty members. Outcome measures were obtained at baseline and post-curriculum. The curriculum cost was calculated as the setup cost and the maintenance cost per resident. Student t tests and Fisher exact tests were utilized for significance.

Results:

All residents successfully completed the curriculum. The mean anastomosis time (and standard deviation) decreased from 40 ± 3 minutes to 22 ± 4 minutes (p < 0.001). The mean GRS score improved from 12 ± 2 points to 18 ± 2 points (p < 0.01). Patency was achieved by 44% at baseline evaluation and by 96% at post-curriculum evaluation (p < 0.0001). The mean comfort level improved from 3 ± 1.2 points to 6 ± 1.7 points (p < 0.0001) on a scale of 1 to 10 points. Also on a scale of 1 to 10, the blinded mean qualitative anastomoses score improved from 4.8 ± 2.2 points (poor) to 8.0 ± 1.1 points (good) (p < 0.0001). The mean time to complete the curriculum was 5.5 ± 1.4 hours, and, on a scale of 1 to 10, curriculum utility was rated by the residents to be 8 ± 1.8 points. The cost of the initial setup was $1,795 with a yearly utilization cost per resident of $42.

Conclusions:

The implementation of a self-directed curriculum utilizing synthetic microvessels and nonliving models demonstrated significant improvements in resident microvascular skill. This curriculum represents a modest startup cost and low yearly cost per resident.
Two-Stage Exchange Protocol for Periprosthetic Joint Infection Following Total Knee Arthroplasty in 245 Knees without Prior Treatment for Infection
Authors: Petis Stephen M. , Perry Kevin I. , Mabry Tad M. , Hanssen Arlen D. , Berry Daniel J. , Abdel Matthew P.
Published: February 2019

Background:

For patients undergoing 2-stage exchange for the treatment of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following total knee arthroplasty, the long-term risk of reinfection and mechanical failure and long-term clinical outcomes are not well known. The purpose of our study was to determine the long-term clinical results of 2-stage exchange for PJI following total knee arthroplasty.

Methods:

We identified 245 knees that had undergone total knee arthroplasty and were subsequently treated with 2-stage exchange due to infection during the period of 1991 to 2006; the cohort had no prior treatment for PJI. Major, or 4 of 6 minor, Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) diagnostic criteria were fulfilled by 179 (73%) of the knees. The cumulative incidence of reinfection and of aseptic revision, accounting for the competing risk of death, were calculated. Risk factors for reinfection were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Knee Society Score (KSS) values were calculated. The mean age at spacer insertion was 68 years; 50% of the patients were female. The mean follow-up was 14 years (range, 2 to 25 years) following reimplantation.

Results:

The cumulative incidence of reinfection was 4% at 1 year, 14% at 5 years, 16% at 10 years, and 17% at 15 years. Factors that were predictive of reinfection included a body mass index of ≥30 kg/m2 (hazard ratio [HR], 3.1; p < 0.01), previous revision surgery (HR, 2.8; p < 0.01), and a McPherson host grade of C (HR, 2.5; p = 0.04). The cumulative incidence of aseptic revision for loosening was 2% at 5 years, 5% at 10 years, and 7% at 15 years. Femoral (HR, 5.0; p = 0.04) and tibial (HR, 6.7; p < 0.01) bone-grafting at reimplantation were predictive of aseptic failure. The most common complications were wound-healing issues, requiring reoperation in 12 (5%) of the knees. The rate of death at 2 years following reimplantation was 11%. The mean KSS improved from 45 at PJI diagnosis to 76 at 10 years following reimplantation (p < 0.01).

Conclusions:

Long-term reinfection rates following 2-stage exchange for PJI after total knee arthroplasty were similar to those of shorter-term reports and were maintained out to 15 years. Mechanical failure rates were low if bone loss was addressed at the time of reimplantation. Improvements in clinical outcomes were maintained at long-term follow-up.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
REFLEXIONES SOBRE SUPUESTOS ESPECÍFICOS DE “DEALBREAKERS” EN OPERACIONES DE M&A
Authors: Borrero Zorita Luis
Published: February 2019

En el presente artículo se analizan algunas contingencias concretas que pueden dificultar sustancialmente o pueden dar lugar a la ruptura de negociaciones en operaciones de fusiones y adquisiciones (Mergers and Acquisitions o M&A). Tales contingencias son de variada naturaleza y afectan a diversas áreas del derecho patrio, y son contingencias contractuales, administrativas y laborales concretas.Junto con la explicación de cada contingencia o asunto, se contextualiza y explica dentro de algunos sectores concretos (generalmente, aquéllos en que la contingencia en cuestión cobra especial relevancia) y se hacen algunas reflexiones, proponiéndose, si procede, diversas soluciones.
Total and Active Soil Organic Carbon from Long‐term Agricultural Management Practices in West Tennessee
Authors: Jagadamma Sindhu , Essington Michael E. , Xu Sutie , Yin Xinhua
Published: February 2019

Core Ideas

Soil management effects on depth distribution of SOC in southeastern US was studied.

Significant response of SOC to long‐term tillage was observed mostly in the surface 5 cm.

SOC accumulation was favored by corn and cotton systems than soybean systems down to 22.5 cm.

Long‐term cover cropping did not increase total and active SOC.

There was a strong and significant positive relationship between total SOC and POXC.

Soil organic carbon (SOC) content is strongly influenced by agricultural management practices. Leveraging three long‐term field experiments in Tennessee, this study analyzed the effect of crop rotation, tillage, and cover crops on SOC and permanganate‐oxidizable C (POXC) at various soil depth increments (0–2.5, 2.5–5, 5–7.5, 7.5–10, 10–15, 15–22.5, 22.5–30, 30–45, and 45–60 cm), as well as at the 0‐ to 15‐cm profile. Corn (Zea mays L.) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)–based systems showed increased SOC from 0 to 22.5 cm compared with soybean [Glycine max (L.), Merr.]–based systems. Additionally, no‐till systems accumulated more SOC than tilled systems from 0 to 5 cm, but cover cropping showed no effects. Results also showed a significant positive relationship between SOC and POXC (P < 0.0001, r2 = 0.93). This study revealed that SOC and POXC are strongly influenced by management practices in the surface shallower depth increments of southeastern US croplands.
Comparison of Yield Components and Physiological Parameters of Drought Tolerant and Conventional Corn Hybrids
Authors: Bruns H. Arnold
Published: February 2019

Core Ideas

Drought‐tolerant corn hybrids did not out‐yield conventional corn hybrids.

No yield components differed among hybrids.

Corn (Zea mays L.) consumes large quantities of water to produce yield. When sufficient hectares within an area are irrigated using deep wells, corn production can contribute to depleting underground aquafers. Hybrids genetically engineered for drought tolerance have recently become available to producers. Six hybrids, three sold as drought tolerant, were evaluated for yield, yield components, and physiological parameters of net assimilation rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (Em), intercellular CO2 (Ci), and intrinsic water use efficiency (IWUE) during early reproductive growth in 2014 through 2016 with irrigated and nonirrigated treatments applied after anthesis. Irrigation did not improve yields among hybrids in any year. Hybrid differences in yield occurred each year but with no consistency across years, and genetically drought‐tolerant hybrids were not always superior. Mean yields by year were 2016 (12,590 kg ha−1) > 2015 (10,214 kg ha−1) > 2014 (7843 kg ha−1). Low yields in 2014 are attributed to fewer kernels per plant due to possible Formesafen herbicide carryover applied to soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) the previous year. Of the physiological parameters measured (A, gs, Em, Ci, and IWUE), no hybrid differences were observed, only Em was found to be greater at anthesis (R1) than at kernel filling (R2), and irrigated treatments had greater Em than nonirrigated treatments. Data from this experiment and its environmental conditions showed no yield or physiological differences between drought‐tolerant and conventional corn hybrids. Only on nonirrigated fields during limited soil moisture would drought‐tolerant hybrids possibly be beneficial. Any reduction in irrigation by growing drought‐resistant hybrids could not be determined in this experiment.
Evaluation of the Desiccation of Campomanesia adamantium Seed Using Radiographic Analysis and the Relation with Physiological Potential
Authors: Leão‐Araújo Érica F. , Gomes Francisco G. , de Silva Anderson R. , Peixoto Nei , de Souza Eli Regina B.
Published: February 2019

Core Ideas

Dehydration of C. adamantium seed is followed by a decrease in seed viability and vigor.

Physical injury damage and internal free space increase as the seed dehydrates.

X‐ray images can be used to evaluate the internal morphology of C. adamantium seed.

Internal morphology is related to germination and vigor.

Sensitivity to desiccation is a characteristic that hinders the ex situ conservation of seeds, which can result in reduction of viability and vigor as the water is lost. Dehydration is sometimes followed by the occurrence of injuries and retraction of tissues. In this study, radiographic images of Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess.) O. Berg. seed were used to evaluate changes caused by desiccation in the internal morphology and their relationships with germination and vigor. The initial water content of the seed was determined (48%) and adjustments were made to obtain samples with water content of 36, 30, 27, 24, and 21% (wet basis). Evaluations of germination, germination first count, speed germination index, mean germination time, and seedling length were performed. Individual radiographs of the seed were obtained using digital x‐ray equipment. The images were used to identify cracked seed (CS) and to determine the internal free space (IFS). Data were subjected to analysis of variance and the effect of desiccation studied through polynomial regression. Seed viability and vigor decreased linearly as the seed desiccated. The results indicated that IFS and CS are positively associated with the loss of water. The loss of germination and vigor of C. adamantium seed is related to changes in the internal morphology during desiccation, which can be identified by x‐ray imaging.
Impactos de processos erosivos sobre a qualidade do solo e estruturas paleolíticas do Sítio Arqueológico Porta do Araçá, Município de Corrente, Estado do Piauí, Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Carvalho Tullyo da Silva , Dias Richardsson Mendes , Maciel Ianca Mendes , Iwata Bruna de Freitas
Published: February 2019

Os processos erosivos do solo promovem prejuízos significativos ao ambiente, reduzindo a qualidade ambiental, a capacidade de uso das terras e ainda comprometendo o valor social, econômico e cultural de uma área. O presente estudo teve como objetivo tipos de erosão e teve por objetivo avaliar os impactos de processo erosivos sobre a qualidade do solo e estruturas paleolíticas do Sítio Arqueológico Porta do Araçá, localizado no Município de Corrente, no sul do Estado do Piauí, Nordeste do Brasil. Foram selecionadas duas áreas do local, a primeira área possuindo um solo erodido e a segunda área contendo solo com vegetação para servir como testemunha. Para isso foram avaliados importantes parâmetros de qualidade do solo, assim como verificou-se in loco os níveis de conservação e/ou degradação do solo. Foram coletadas amostras de solo e determinados pH, umidade e matéria orgânica particulada (MOP) das duas áreas, na qual se verificou que as duas áreas são sensíveis as alterações locais pelo uso antrópico, e o estado de degradação do sítio é significativamente agravado pelos processos erosivos ativos presentes. Foram identificados focos erosivos em sulcos, ravinas e voçorocas.