bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bilateral Deep Brain Stimulation of the Ventral Intermediate Nucleus of the Thalamus Improves Objective Acoustic Measures of Essential Vocal Tremor
Authors: Patel Rita , Burroughs Leah , Higgins Alexis , Zauber S. Elizabeth , Isbaine Faical , Schneider Dylan , Hohman Ryane , Gupta Kunal
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Deep brain stimulation of the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus (VIM-DBS) is an established treatment for medically refractory essential tremor. However, the effect of VIM-DBS on vocal tremor remains poorly understood, with results varying by method of vocal tremor assessment and stimulation laterality. This single-center study measures the effect of bilateral VIM-DBS on essential vocal tremor using blinded objective acoustic voice analysis.

METHODS:

Ten patients with consecutive essential tremor with comorbid vocal tremor receiving bilateral VIM-DBS underwent voice testing before and after implantation of DBS in this prospective cohort study. Objective acoustic measures were extracted from the middle one second of steady-state phonation including cepstral peak prominence, signal-to-noise ratio, percentage voicing, tremor rate, extent of fundamental frequency modulation, and extent of intensity modulation. DBS surgery was performed awake with microelectrode recording and intraoperative testing. Postoperative voice testing was performed after stable programming.

RESULTS:

Patients included 6 female and 4 male, with a mean age of 67 ± 6.7 years. The VIM was targeted with the following coordinates relative to the mid-anterior commissure:posterior commissure point: 13.2 ± 0.6 mm lateral, 6.2 ± 0.7 mm posterior, and 0.0 mm below. Mean programming parameters were amplitude 1.72.0 ± 0.6 mA, pulse width 63.0 ± 12.7 µs, and rate 130.6 ± 0.0 Hz. VIM-DBS significantly improved tremor rate from 4.43 ± 0.8 Hz to 3.2 ± 0.8 Hz (P = .001) CI (0.546, 1.895), jitter from 1 ± 0.94 to 0.53 ± 0.219 (P = .02) CI (−0.124, 1.038), cepstral peak prominence from 13.6 ± 3.9 to 18.8 ± 2.9 (P = .016) CI (−4.100, −0.235), signal-to-noise ratio from 15.7 ± 3.9 to 18.5 ± 3.7 (P = .02) CI (−5.598, −0.037), and articulation rate from 0.77 ± 0.2 to 0.82 ± .14 (P = .04) CI (−0.097, 0.008). There were no major complications in this series.

CONCLUSION:

Objective acoustic voice analyses suggest that bilateral VIM-DBS effectively reduces vocal tremor rate and improves voicing. Further studies using objective acoustic analyses and laryngeal imaging may help refine surgical and stimulation techniques and evaluate the effect of laterality on vocal tremor.
Sargassum sp. extract improve hematological profile of tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Gazali Mohamad , Effendi Irwan , Husni Amir , Nurjanah Nurjanah , Wahyuni Sri , Kurniawan Ronal
Published: April 2024

Background Strategies to increase body resistance and prevent disease in aquaculture include using vaccines, antibiotics, and probiotics. Today, the use of antibiotics with natural ingredients is becoming a trend. Sargassum sp is a natural ingredient that contains high antioxidants and antibiotics. Methods This research was conducted from March to May 2022 at the Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Riau, in two stages: 1) the sensitivity of extracts of Sargassum sp. and 2) the application of Sargassum sp. extract orally in tilapia (O. niloticus). The parameters measured were clear zone, minimum inhibitory concentration, LD50 test of leaf extract of Sargassum sp. in tilapia (O. niloticus), hemoglobin levels, hematocrit, total leukocytes, total erythrocytes, leukocyte differentiation, and survival rate. Data on hematology parameters were tabulated and analyzed using a One-Way ANOVA followed by a Student Newman Keuls (SNK) test when deemed necessary. Results The results showed that the extract of Sargassum sp. inhibited the growth of Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria with a clear zone of 6.5-15.0 mm, which is classified as resistant. At doses of 2000, 2500, and 3000 ppm, it did not cause death in fish for 96 hours (LD50). Hematological parameters can be a sign of the health status of fish. Tilapia given Sargassum sp. in different doses gave an effect between treatments after 30 days of rearing and post-test against A. hydrophila bacteria (p<0.05). The results showed that the hematology of fish fed with Sargassum sp. extract was in the normal or healthy range. Healthy tilapia had erythrocyte counts ranging from 1.34-2.11×106 cells/mm3, hematocrit 26.17-33.19%, hemoglobin 6.26-11.2 g/dL and total leukocytes 1.01-1.50×104 cells/mm3 and total erythrocytes 5.88-9.13×104 cells/ mm3. Conclusions A dose of 3000 ppm provided the highest health improvement against A. hydrophila bacterial infection.
Pharmacists’ readiness and willingness to vaccinate the public in United Arab Emirates community pharmacies: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Thomas Dixon , Abdalla Amal , Hussein Saeed , Joury Jean , Elshamy Amin , Khalifa Sherief , Saleh Ziad
Published: April 2024

Background Pharmacist-administered vaccination is currently implemented in many countries worldwide. It has contributed to increased vaccine access and vaccine uptake. This observational cross-sectional study assessed community pharmacists’ willingness, and readiness to administer vaccines to the public in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and relate it to national and international policies on vaccination. Methods This research was an online survey of 24-questions that was made available to community pharmacists via social media and WhatsApp. The survey was open for six weeks (from April to June 2022). Descriptive and inferential analysis was performed. Results The questionnaire was completed by 374 of 575 (65%) respondents. More than half (64.2%) of the respondents agreed or strongly agreed that pharmacists should be able to vaccinate and 68.4% responded that they were willing to administer vaccines if local regulations allowed them to vaccinate. Most (81.8%) expressed willingness to complete training required to be able to administer vaccines in their pharmacies. Logistic regression showed that pharmacists defined as having high readiness were significantly more willing to undergo all essential training to start a vaccination service in their pharmacies than were pharmacists with poor readiness (OR 2.647; 95% CI: 1.518–4.615; p=0.001). High readiness was also significantly associated with agreement on safety of pharmacy-based vaccination (p=0.027). Conclusions The majority of community pharmacists surveyed showed readiness to commence pharmacy-based vaccination services. Those with high readiness characteristics are amenable to receiving essential training and consider that vaccination in the community pharmacy setting would be safe.
Comparative evaluation and co-relation in variation of curve of Spee and curve of Wilson in Class II div. 1, Class II div. 2, and Class III as against Class I malocclusion in central India population- an in vitro study
Authors: Pandey Ruchika , Kamble Ranjit
Published: April 2024

Introduction Getting acceptable cosmetic results in the soft tissues of the face serves as the foundation for orthodontic treatment planning. Also, in order to achieve healthy static and dynamic occlusal interactions, the teeth must be positioned within the basal bone at the correct position, angle, and inclination. To avoid periodontal issues, provide stability, and achieve a functional occlusion, it is essential to ascertain the individual’s dental arch form before starting of treatment and thus to utilise the mechanics that follow throughout the treatment. Objectives To evaluate and compare variation in Curve of Spee and Curve of Wilson in Class II Div.-1, Class II-Div-2 and Class-III as against Class I malocclusion in central India population. Methodology Irreversible hydrocolloid impression will be taken with perforated metal stock trays and stone cast will be poured. This will be scanned using CAD CAM machine and curve of Spee and Wilson will be measured using reverse engineering. Expected Result It will assist us in treatment planning for preventing periodontal issues, assuring stability, and achieving functional occlusion by evaluating and comparing the Spee and Wilson curves in Class II Divison-1, Class II Divison-2, and Class-III malocclusion with Class-I malocclusion. Conclusion Every single patient receiving orthodontic treatment has the COS, which is crucial to achieving a stable occlusion. Almost every patient who receives orthodontic treatment eventually experiences the Spee Curve. Since there aren’t many studies examining the relationship between the Curves of Spee and Wilson, their impact on dentoskeletal morphology, and their role in occlusal stability.
Impact of CYP3A4 rs2242480 polymorphisms on Imatinib HPLC determined trough concentration and response in Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia in Pakistani patients
Authors: Khan Dr. Asma , Hakim Dr. Zunera , Waheed Dr. Akbar , Abrar Dr. Naila
Published: April 2024

Objective To ascertain the impact of CYP3A4 polymorphism on the therapeutic outcome of imatinib and its trough concentration Study design Descriptive analytical study Place and duration of the study This study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Islamic International Medical College, between December 2020 and February 2022, in collaboration with the Institute of Biomedical Genetic Engineering, KRL Hospital Islamabad. Methods Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia age range–18-70 years were included in this study. One group comprised responders and the other group comprised non-responders. Imatinib trough levels in both groups were determined using High-performance Liquid Chromatography and compared, and the association was determined with therapeutic outcomes. DNA was extracted, and the PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism technique was used to identify the alleles. The results were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. Results The imatinib concentration in patients with the homozygous wild allele CC of rs2242480 was higher(1298ng/ml) as compared with the mutant homozygous TT allele (489ng/ml) or heterozygous allele CT(873ng/ml) Conclusion There was a significant association between imatinib trough levels and CYP3A4 polymorphism, and trough concentration was found to be lower in patients with the TT or CT variant of rs2242480 than in patients with the CC genotype.
Prospective with historical control, case-matched cohort study of the tertiary survey beneficial in critically severe trauma patients
Authors: Kanlerd Amonpon , Porntewabuncha Tanudchaporn , Achavanuntakul Chompoonut , Boonyasatid Piyapong , Auksornchart Karikarn
Published: April 2024

Background The tertiary survey is an evaluation process conducted after the primary and secondary surveys. It aims to identify missed injuries. This research aims to study the benefits of tertiary surveys in severely traumatized patients. Methods This prospective with historical control, case-matched cohort was conducted on critically-ill trauma patients who were admitted to the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) of Thammasat University Hospital. The study compared the period before and after the implementation of the tertiary survey. Tertiary survey record form was used in all severely traumatized patients with Injury Severity Score (ISS) > 15 within the first 24 hours and before discharge from SICU between August 2022 and February 2023. The comparison data were retrieved from electronic medical records of patients admitted to SICU with ISS > 15 between April 2020 and July 2022. Results We identified 55 type II missed injuries in 39 of 100 cases prior to implementation and 1 type II missed injury after implementation. Type II missed injury decreased from 31% to 4%, and the missed injury detection rate was 56% after implementing the tertiary survey. However, there is no statistically significant difference in morbidity and mortality rates from missed injuries before and after implementation. Conclusions Using tertiary surveys can reduce missed injury rates and increase missed injury detection rates. This research highlights the importance of implementing tertiary surveys as a routine part of trauma evaluation to improve patient care. However, there is no effect on the outcomes, which may require more sample size. Clinical Trials Registry (reference number TCTR20230625001).
Postural control imbalance in individuals with a minor lower extremity amputation: a scoping review protocol.
Authors: Acien Maxime , Dami Ahmed , Blanchette Virginie , Moisan Gabriel
Published: April 2024

Introduction Lower extremity amputations (LEA) impact the quality of life and physical abilities and increase the risk of developing secondary health complications. Current literature predominantly focuses on major LEA, leaving a gap in understanding biomechanics related to balance and postural control in minor LEA. The shifts towards increased rates of minor LEA, due to improved quality of care and patient management, highlights the need for a focused exploration of postural control deficits in this population. The scoping review will address this gap in the literature. Objectives The purpose of the review is to synthesize current research on postural control deficits following a minor foot amputation, focusing on any resections through or distal to the ankle joint, and to evaluate interventions aimed at improving balance in affected individuals. Inclusion criteria The review will encompass individuals of all ages who underwent a minor foot amputation, including various levels and etiologies. It will focus on quantitative data related to standing posture, ability to perform self-balanced activities of daily living, and external aids or treatments to improve postural control. The outcomes will include modifications in the sensation of balance, fall predictors, and biomechanical changes in postural control. Methods A preliminary search of MEDLINE (PubMed) was conducted to develop a full search strategy aimed at compiling all existing scientific articles on postural control and balance in individuals with a minor LEA. A comprehensive search will be performed across multiple databases and grey literature. Two reviewers will independently extract the data. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool will be used to assess risk and quality. Discussion By emphasizing the understudied aspects of postural control imbalances induced by minor LEA, the review will highlight potential areas for therapeutic intervention and contribute to a better understanding of rehabilitation for those affected.
Study on the Anti-Takeover Defence Strategies Used by the Corporates at the Time of Mergers & Acquisitions
Authors: Mishra Suman , Thenissery Priya , N Punith Raj , R Abhishek
Published: April 2024

Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) have become a common strategy for companies looking to grow and expand their operations. However, the potential benefits of M&A can also attract unwanted attention from potential acquirers, which can lead to hostile takeover attempts. To protect themselves from hostile takeovers, companies often implement anti-takeover defense strategies. Anti-takeover defense strategies refer to a range of defensive tactics that target companies can employ to deter or prevent hostile takeovers. These strategies can take various forms, including structural defenses, governance defenses, and financial defenses.

This research paper examines anti-takeover defense strategies in mergers and acquisitions (M&A) using secondary data sources. The paper provides an overview of the various types of anti-takeover defense strategies that are commonly used by companies, including structural, governance, and financial defenses. The paper also analyzes the various anti-takeover defense strategies adopted in protecting shareholder value and limiting competition. The regulatory frameworks governing anti-takeover defense strategies in different jurisdictions are also explored, including the United States, United Kingdom, European Union, and Japan.

The findings of this study indicate that the use of anti-takeover defense strategies can be effective in protecting shareholder value, but may also limit competition and potentially result in lower acquisition premiums. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of these findings for companies involved in M&A transactions, and the need to balance the protection of shareholder interests with the potential benefits of being an attractive target for acquisition.

Overall, this research provides a comprehensive analysis of the complex landscape of anti-takeover defense strategies in M&A transactions, based on secondary data sources. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of the role of anti-takeover defense strategies in M&A transactions and the considerations that must be taken into account by companies when implementing these strategies.
Teaching the means of linguistic expression as part of the preparation for the Unified State Exam in the Russian language
Authors: Galicyna D.
Published: April 2024

The article analyzes the problem of teaching the means of expression as part of the preparation for the Unified State Exam in the Russian language. The stages and methods of preparation for the USE tasks related to the search, analysis and use of means of expression in one's own speech are considered. The paper proposes the author's system of tasks for preparing for the Unified State Exam in the Russian language in the context of analyzing the means of linguistic expression, created on the principle of "from word to text". Based on the results of his experiment, the author describes the possibilities of using the concept of step-by-step assimilation of knowledge and skills related to the search and analysis of means of linguistic expression.
On the issue of the formation of supra-professional competencies among students of higher educational institutions
Authors: Kul'tenko Stolina
Published: April 2024

The growing competition in the labor market, high demands on the level of training of students by employers � all this is due to the dynamics of economic processes not only in our country, but also in the world as a whole. The article deals with the problem of the formation of supra-professional competencies in the conditions of professional training of a student. The influence of "soft skills" on professional formation and professional realization. The content analysis of the relevance of the possession of "soft skills" by future specialists was carried out in order to have a more holistic understanding of the situation in the Russian economy and to develop strategic decisions in the educational policy of educational institutions in the future. The article analyzes the research conducted in the field of higher education at different levels: international, Russian, local. The methodological basis of the study is the analysis of the assessment of supraprofessional competencies in Russian educational organizations, which was organized by the Presidential Platform of the ANO "Russia - the land of opportunities". The interpretation of the results of research on the assessment and development of supra-professional competencies by students in groups participating in the project is studied. The interpretation of business qualities that were not named as paramount is selectively considered. The purpose of the article is to analyze and generalize the concept of vocational education and the result of sociological research on the assessment of students' supra
Features of teaching analytical chemistry to pharmaceutical students
Authors: Lukaschuk Tatyana
Published: April 2024

The article reveals some features of teaching analytical chemistry as one of the main subjects for training future pharmacists. It is shown that the course of analytical chemistry forms the basic practical skills necessary in subsequent professional activity. The difficulties of teaching analytical chemistry associated with time constraints and a large volume of material that is submitted for consideration at the lecture are noted. This requires a very clear structure and sequence from the teacher, as well as multimedia accompaniment, which contributes to a better perception of the material presented and its assimilation. It is necessary that each practical lesson be provided with methodological recommendations, materials for preparing for a practical lesson, tests for knowledge control, situational tasks, as well as methodological recommendations for independent work of students. Special attention is paid to the importance of solving computational problems, which is an integral part of the practical lesson. This allows you to better understand the basic methods and techniques of chemical analysis, as well as acquire comprehensive chemical knowledge necessary for the successful study of professional disciplines. Assimilation of knowledge in analytical chemistry is a necessary step in preparing students for the conscious perception of specialized disciplines – pharmaceutical chemistry, technology, pharmacology, pharmacognosy, toxicological chemistry.
Experience in the implementation of the project on the formation and development of ecological pedagogical competence of modern teachers
Authors: Zubkova O. , Kudryashova S. , Hudyakova O.
Published: April 2024

The article presents the experience of implementing a project on the formation of ecological and pedagogical competence of teaching staff of educational institutions through the presentation to the pedagogical community of the main theoretical provisions of ecological and pedagogical competence and the expansion of the range of technologies, methods and techniques of environmental education and upbringing of children.
Alicia Kazimirovna Savina – Scientist, Teacher, Friend (02/16/1937 – 30.01.2024)
Authors: Sheveleva D.
Published: April 2024

There are such meetings in life that subsequently determine fate in many ways, fill life with new meanings and expand personal horizons. For me, such an event was a meeting with Savina Alicia Kazimirovna. It was thanks to her that I was able to take a place in the scientific community and find my way in theoretical pedagogy
Presença de adultos de Cyclocephala verticalis, 1847 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Cyclocephalini) em botões florais de Nymphaea amazonum Mart. & Zucc.
Authors: Drosdosky Emilly Vieira , Lima Eduarda Silva de , Sangiorgio Vinicius Mardegan , Dias-Silva Karina
Published: April 2024

A polinização de plantas pelos insetos é bem conhecida pela comunidade científica e pela população. Porém, é comum quando se fala em polinização que se pense logo nas abelhas. Aqui observamos besouros Cyclocephala verticalis Burmeister, 1847 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Cyclocephalini) em botões florais de Nymphaea amazonum Mart. & Zucc.. Nosso objetivo é relatar a presença de besouros terrestres em plantas aquáticas. Observamos 11 indivíduos de C. verticalis em 10 botões florais de N. amazonum. Observações como essa, nos permitem entender mais sobre a interação inseto/planta e ampliar o conhecimento sobre a relação entre organismos terrestres e aquáticos.
Cinco ensayos no metódicos sobre metodología
Authors: Gutiérrez Sanín Francisco
Published: April 2024

Este libro aborda la metodología cualitativa 2.0 presentado los nuevos métodos de investigación, pero sin dejar de lado las preguntas clásicas de las ciencias sociales. No se trata de un manual con pasos predeterminados ni una receta sino de reflexiones dirigidas a investigadoras e investigadores de “carne y hueso”. Tampoco es un libro a favor de un método sobre otro, por el contrario, afirma que s i bien los l enguajes entre lo c ualitativo y cuantitativo son diferentes no son excluyentes. A través de cinco ensayos se trae a colación de manera crítica las nuevas herramientas, así como nuevas preguntas, que están reinventando y afianzando la investigación cualitativa, en paralelo, se habla de los inevitables retos metodológicos y prácticos que están surgiendo de cara a las transformaciones del contexto actual.
Uncovering Sophisticated Discrimination with the Help of Credence Goods Markups: Evidence from a Natural Field Experiment
Authors: Hall Jonathan , Kerschbamer Rudolf , Neururer Daniel , Skoog Eric
Published: April 2024

Credence goods, such as repair and healthcare services, are characterized by profound information asymmetries between less-informed customers and better-informed expert sellers. These information asymmetries open the door for fraudulent behavior on the seller side. In a preregistered natural field experiment, we vary in one dimension the seller’s perception of whether the service is an ordinary or a credence good service and in the second dimension whether the customer is a member of a minority or a member of the majority. This allows us to measure the size of the induced credence goods markup and to address the question whether it interacts systematically with discrimination. We document the existence of a large credence goods markup, on average. Moreover, we find that members of the minority pay a sizeable discriminatory markup if the good is perceived as a credence good but not if it is perceived as an ordinary good. Our results show that sellers engage in sophisticated discrimination where informational asymmetries are used to hide discriminatory (fraudulent) behavior. With the help of an ex post survey, we derive a possible explanation for our results.

This paper was accepted by Maria Claire Villeval, behavioral economics and decision analysis.

Funding: Financial support was provided by the Austrian Science Fund [Special Research Area Grant SFB F63 and Grants P26901 and P27912].

Supplemental Material: The online appendices and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.02666 .
CRITICAL BONE DEFECT AFFECTING THE OUTCOME OF MANAGEMENT IN ANATOMICAL TYPE IV CHRONIC OSTEOMYELITIS
Authors: Tsang Shao-Ting J , Epstein Gadi , Ferreira Nando
Published: April 2024

Introduction

The Cierny and Mader classification assists with decision-making by stratifying host status and the pathoanatomy of the disease. However, the anatomical type IV represents a heterogenous group with regards to treatment requirements and outcomes. We propose that modification of the Cierny and Mader anatomical classification with an additional type V classifier (diffuse corticomedullary involvement with an associated critical bone defect) will allow more accurate stratification of patients and tailoring of treatment strategies.

Materials & Methods

A retrospective review of 83 patients undergoing treatment for Cierny and Mader anatomical type IV osteomyelitis of the appendicular skeleton at a single centre was performed.

Results

Risk factors for the presence of a critical bone defect were female patients (OR 3.1 (95% CI 1.08–8.92)) and requirement for soft tissue reconstruction (OR 3.35 (95% CI 1.35–8.31)); osteomyelitis of the femur was negatively associated with the presence of a critical bone defect (OR 0.13 (95% CI 0.03–0.66)). There was no statistically significant risk of adverse outcomes (failure to eradicate infection or achieve bone union) associated with the presence of a critical-sized bone defect. The median time to bone union was ten months (95% CI 7.9–12.1 months). There was a statistically significant difference in the median time to bone union between cases with a critical bone defect (12.0 months (95% 10.2–13.7 months)) and those without (6.0 months (95% CI 4.8–7.1 months))

Conclusions

This study provided evidence to support the introduction of a new subgroup of the Cierny and Mader anatomical classification (Type V). Using a standardised approach to management, comparable early outcomes can be achieved in patients with Cierny and Mader anatomical type V osteomyelitis. However, to achieve a successful outcome, there is a requirement for additional bone and soft tissue reconstruction procedures with an associated increase in treatment time.
COMPARING THE OUTCOMES OF DIFFERENT EXTERNAL FIXATION TYPES FOR KNEE ARTHRODESIS FOLLOWING INFECTED TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Senan Rahul , Linkogel William , Marwan Yousef , Staniland Tim , Sharma Hemant
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Knee arthrodesis is a useful limb salvage technique to maintain function in patients with complex and infected total knee arthroplasties (TKA). There are a number of commonly used external fixators, but no consensus on which of these are optimal.

The aim of this study was to synthesise the current literature to guide clinical decision making and improve patient outcomes. We systematically review the literature to compare outcomes of external fixators in arthrodesis following infected TKA.

Materials & Methods

A systematic review of the literature of primary research articles investigating the use of external fixators for knee arthrodesis after an infected TKA was conducted. Relevant articles were identified with a search strategy on online databases (EMBASE and Medline) and reviewed by two independent reviewers.

Clinical outcome measures were independently extracted by two reviewers which included union rate, infection eradication rate, complication rate, time to fusion, and time in frame.

Results

Circular frames were more likely to result in union compared to biplanar (OR 1.40 p=0.456) and monoplanar frames (OR 2.28 p=0.018). Infection recurrence was least likely in those treated by circular frames when compared to monoplanar (OR 0.12 p=0.005) and biplanar external fixators (0.41 P=0.331). Complication rates were highest in the circular fixator group, followed by the monoplanar fixator group and biplanar fixator group at 34%, 31% and 11% respectively.

Conclusions

Analysis of the available literature suggests higher union and infection eradication rates with circular frames over the other two fixation methods despite a higher complication rate. There is a paucity in the literature and therefore, no firm conclusions can be drawn. Further research investigating the variations and biomechanical properties between different external fixation methods for knee arthrodesis is necessary. Further clarity in reporting and pooled data would be useful for future analysis.
Four-channel optically pumped magnetometer for a magnetoencephalography sensor array
Authors: Iivanainen Joonas , Carter Tony R. , Dhombridge Jonathan E. , Read Timothy S. , Campbell Kaleb , Abate Quinn , Ridley David M. , Borna Amir , Schwindt Peter D. D.
Published: April 2024

We present a novel four-channel optically pumped magnetometer (OPM) for magnetoencephalography that utilizes a two-color pump/probe scheme on a single optical axis. We characterize its performance across 18 built sensor modules. The new sensor implements several improvements over our previously developed sensor including lower vapor-cell operating temperature, improved probe-light detection optics, and reduced optical power requirements. The sensor also has new electromagnetic field coils on the sensor head which are designed using stream-function-based current optimization. We detail the coil design methodology and present experimental characterization of the coil performance. The magnetic sensitivity of the sensor is on average 12.3 fT/rt-Hz across the 18 modules while the average gradiometrically inferred sensitivity is about 6.0 fT/rt-Hz. The sensor 3-dB bandwidth is 100 Hz on average. The on-sensor coil performance is in good agreement with the simulations.
Joint signal-to-signal beat interference mitigation for the field recovery of symmetric carrier-assisted differential detection with low carrier-to-signal power ratio
Authors: Huang Zihua , Li Jianping , Yu Xinkuo , He Jianqing , Zhang Jianbo , Zhong Kangping , Qin Yuwen
Published: April 2024

As a combination of direct detection and coherent detection technologies, self-coherent detection has the advantages of low cost and optical field recovery ability. However, most of the self-coherent detection techniques are limited to single sideband (SSB) signals. Recently, carrier-assisted differential detection (CADD) has been proposed to realize complex-valued double sideband (DSB) signals, but it requires a high carrier-to-signal power ratio (CSPR) to mitigate the signal-to-signal beat interference (SSBI). Later, a more cost-effective symmetric CADD (S-CADD) has been proposed while the required CSPR is still high. In order to alleviate the high requirements of CSPR, we propose a scheme based on the joint of digital pre-distortion (DPD) at transmitter and clipping at receiver to further improve the S-CADD system performance. This joint processing can not only solve the problem of non-uniform distribution of subcarrier signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) caused by non-ideal transfer function, but also the error propagation problem caused by enhanced SSBI under low CSPR. After the validation of the 64 Gbaud 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal transmitted over 80 km standard single mode fiber (SSMF), the CSPR required by the proposed scheme to reach the 20% soft decision-forward error correction (SD-FEC) and 7% hard decision-forward error correction (HD-FEC) can be reduced by 1.3 dB and 2.8 dB, respectively, with a comparison of the conventional S-CADD. The results show the potential of the proposed scheme in the short-reach optical transmissions.
Free-space quantum key distribution during daylight and at night
Authors: Cai Wen-Qi , Li Yang , Li Bo , Ren Ji-Gang , Liao Sheng-Kai , Cao Yuan , Zhang Liang , Yang Meng , Wu Jin-Cai , Li Yu-Huai , Liu Wei-Yue , Yin Juan , Wang Chao-Ze , Luo Wen-Bin , Jin Biao , Lv Chao-Lin , Li Hao , You Lixing , Shu Rong , Pan Ge-Sheng , Zhang Qiang , Liu Nai-Le , Wang Xiang-Bin , Wang Jian-Yu , Peng Cheng-Zhi , Pan Jian-Wei
Published: April 2024

Current satellite-based quantum key distribution (QKD) is limited to
nighttime operations, and the reliance on microwave communication for
key distillation leads to significant delays, often spanning several
days. These challenges collectively hinder the establishment of a
practical global-scale quantum network. Here, by developing a 625-MHz
inherently robust decoy-state light source and daytime noise
suppression close to the Fourier transform limitation, we achieve QKD
covering all the 24 h of the day over a 20-km terrestrial free-space
channel, resulting in an average secure key rate of approximately
495 bps. Additionally, bidirectional laser communication is integrated
into the QKD transmitter and the ground station to enable real-time
key distillation, improving the timeliness from days to real time.
This comprehensive verification lays a solid foundation and paves the
way for all-day real-time QKD with quantum satellites.
Ultra-high NA graphene oxide flat lens on a fiber facet with near diffraction-limited focusing
Authors: Chen Xiaoke , Ma Lin , He Zuyuan , Cao Guiyuan , Lin Han , Jia Baohua
Published: April 2024

The realization of a high numerical aperture (NA) fiber lens is critical for achieving high imaging resolution in endoscopes, enabling subwavelength operation in optical tweezers and high efficiency coupling between optical fibers and photonic chips. However, it remains challenging with conventional design and fabrication. Here we propose an ultrathin (400 nm) graphene oxide (GO) film lens fabricated in situ on a standard single-mode fiber facet using the femtosecond laser direct writing technique. An extremely high NA of 0.89 is achieved with a near diffraction-limited focal spot (FWHM=0.68λ), which is verified theoretically and experimentally. The diameter of the fabricated fiber GO lens is as small as 12 μm with no beam expansion structure. The proposed fiber GO lens is promising for applications such as super-resolution imaging, compact optical tweezers, medical endoscopes, and on-chip integration.
Modeling the shared risks of malaria and anemia in Rwanda
Authors: Karekezi Pacifique , Nzabakiriraho Jean Damascene , Gayawan Ezra
Published: April 2024

In sub-Saharan Africa, malaria and anemia contribute substantially to the high burden of morbidity and mortality among under-five children. In Rwanda, both diseases have remained public health challenge over the years in spite of the numerous intervention programs and policies put in place. This study aimed at understanding the geographical variations between the joint and specific risks of both diseases in the country while quantifying the effects of some socio-demographic and climatic factors. Using data extracted from Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey, a shared component model was conceived and inference was based on integrated nested Laplace approximation. The study findings revealed similar spatial patterns for the risk of malaria and the shared risks of both diseases, thus confirming the strong link between malaria and anaemia. The spatial patterns revealed that the risks for contracting both diseases are higher among children living in the districts of Rutsiro, Nyabihu, Rusizi, Ruhango, and Gisagara. The risks for both diseases are significantly associated with type of place of residence, sex of household head, ownership of bed net, wealth index and mother’s educational attainment. Temperature and precipitation also have substantial association with both diseases. When developing malaria intervention programs and policies, it is important to take into account climatic and environmental variability in Rwanda. Also, potential intervention initiatives focusing on the lowest wealth index, children of uneducated mothers, and high risky regions need to be reinforced.
Correlation between maternal and umbilical cord 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels over a range of values. A prospective observational study from the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Jutell Magnus , Bhat Shakura , Bagge Maria Lindstrom , Isberg Per-Erik , Wiberg Nana
Published: April 2024

Worldwide vitamin D insufficiency is remarkably prevalent in both children and adults, including pregnant women. The total amount of the vitamin is best measured by 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D), which is a measurement of total serum cholecalciferol 25(OH)D3 and ergocalciferol 25(OH)D2. There is a known correlation between maternal and umbilical cord blood (UCB) 25(OH)D; however, whether specific maternal demographics or comorbidities influence the correlation remains uncertain. This prospective observational study was designed to study if maternal 25(OH)D levels, maternal age and BMI, amount of supplementation, mode of delivery, diabetes, hypertension/preeclampsia, or sunlight exposure had an impact on the correlation. Women were enrolled in the study at admission to the labor ward. If they agreed to participate, venous blood was directly collected and analyzed for 25(OH)D. The UCB was sampled after delivery from the unclamped cord and immediately analyzed for 25(OH)D. ANOVA, Fisher’s exact test, Pearson’s correlation, and test of the differences between correlations using Fisher’s z-transformation with Bonferroni correction were used accordingly. Of the 298 women enrolled, blood from both the mother and umbilical cord was analyzed successfully for 25(OH)D in 235 cases. The crude correlation between maternal and UCB 25(OH)D was very strong over all values of 25(OH)D (r = 0.905, R2 = 0.821, p <0,001) and remained strong independently of maternal demographics or co-morbidities (r ≥ 0.803, R2 ≥ 0.644, p <0.001). For women who delivered by caesarean section in second stage the correlation was strong (r ≥ 0.633, R2 ≥ 0.4, p <0.037). Test of differences between correlations showed significant stronger correlation in women with unknown 25(OH)D3 supplementation compared to women receiving 10.000 IU/week (p = 0.02) and 20.000IU/week (p = 0.01) and that the correlation was significantly stronger for women with a BMI of 25–29.9 compared to women with a BMI of <24.9 (p = 0.004) and 30–34.9 (p = 0.002). 213 (91%) women had lower 25(OH)D compared to the neonate, with a mean difference of -13.7nmol/L (SD = 15.6). In summary, the correlation between maternal and UCB 25(OH)D is very strong throughout low to high maternal levels of 25(OH)D with lower levels in maternal blood. Typical maternal demographics and comorbidities did not affect the transition.
Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics simulations facilitate prediction of the permeability of cyclic peptides
Authors: Frazee Nicolas , Billlings Kyle R. , Mertz Blake
Published: April 2024

Despite their widespread use as therapeutics, clinical development of small molecule drugs remains challenging. Among the many parameters that undergo optimization during the drug development process, increasing passive cell permeability (i.e., log(P)) can have some of the largest impact on potency. Cyclic peptides (CPs) have emerged as a viable alternative to small molecules, as they retain many of the advantages of small molecules (oral availability, target specificity) while being highly effective at traversing the plasma membrane. However, the relationship between the dominant conformations that typify CPs in an aqueous versus a membrane environment and cell permeability remain poorly characterized. In this study, we have used Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD) simulations to characterize the effect of solvent on the free energy landscape of lariat peptides, a subset of CPs that have recently shown potential for drug development (Kelly et al., JACS 2021). Differences in the free energy of lariat peptides as a function of solvent can be used to predict permeability of these molecules, and our results show that permeability is most greatly influenced by N-methylation and exposure to solvent. Our approach lays the groundwork for using GaMD as a way to virtually screen large libraries of CPs and drive forward development of CP-based therapeutics.
Activism in Bilbao: JAWS at the DRS2022
Authors: Sádaba Juan
Published: April 2024

We are facing crucial changes in our natural and artificial environments, from the social, economic and technical transformations in our anthropocentric world to the unstoppable change in the natural global order we live in. Science is a key necessary tool to solve problems, but art as a transcendent and non-utilitarian activity might be more needed than ever. Design, since we can agree that it aims at holding a scientific vision of how to creatively solve problems, walks in between hoping to be able to address what we call ‘wicked’ problems. At the 2022 conference of the Design Research Society in Bilbao in 2022, research designers from all over the world gathered together to delve into the state of methodological research on the questions and problems of our current society. Out of the important number of activities, meetings, round tables and workshops held, we can posit that there was kind of a feeling that design was moving in a new direction, more committed perhaps, more involved and political; design is becoming an activist. Design and designers, hand in hand with art and science, should be part of the equation if we want to be able to face global problems from a human and participative point of view.
Methodologies of collective listening: What could be next for our cultural institutions?
Authors: Geddes Hannah
Published: April 2024

This article focuses on the role of collective and collaborative conversation. It draws on a discussion that took place between Mark Sealy, director of Autograph; Dr Maggie Matić, curator, writer and researcher; Marie Smith, visual artist and writer; Becky Warnock, artist and organizer; Heather Agyepong, visual artist, performer and actor; Angela YT Chan, curator and artist, and Hannah Geddes, curator, writer and researcher. The event took place at London College of Communication (LCC), London, in November 2022. The conversation was centred on the provocation: What is next? How do we turn intentions into actions through social justice practice and curation? It started as an informal workshop, before concluding in a public discussion chaired by Sealy. The following article draws on the initial workshop discussion, surfacing the idea of listening as a form of collective and collaborative practice.
The feral film habit of OJOBOCA
Authors: Friedling Melissa
Published: April 2024

This essay examines three films and adjacent performance (The Masked Monkeys 2015; Comfort Stations 2018; and Her Name Was Europa 2020) by the Berlin-based filmmaking duo Anja Dornieden and Juan David González Monroy, who together call themselves OJOBOCA. Drawing on the broadly transdisciplinary scholarly treatments and decolonial imperatives of ferality as a site of human and non-human relationality, I contextualize OJOBOCA’s analogue body of work featuring animal subjects as a feral film habit. In describing a feral film habit through OJOBOCA’s work, I also engage a media archaeological concern with making media histories present in practice alongside the complex of aesthetic, ecological, political and economic sensibilities emergent in contemporary photochemical filmmaking and laboratory culture in the (post-)digital age. Overall, my aim is to clarify an experimental project that points towards possible more-than-human cinema-based forms of collectivity and invites novel forms of cinema-based life.
Egy kimagasló szervitori karrier
Authors: Balogh Máté
Published: April 2024

This study aims to examine the details of the relationship between Ferenc Káldy Sr of Felsőkáld, a nobleman from Western Transdanubia, and his overlord, Ádám I. Batthyány. Káldy had significant wealth from a young age, and he was active in the public life of Vas county throughout his whole life. Some of his significant career achievements include becoming the vice captain of Pápa, being the commander of the private army of the Batthyány family from 1634, and serving as the vice captain of the Transdanubian district from 1637. He couldn’t have achieved these positions and influence, however, without the support of the Batthyány family. Ferenc Káldy’s success can largely be attributed to his prominent role in the Batthyány court, as well as his exceptional professional skills. Many of his letters are still accessible today, which gives us the opportunity not just to study this relationship between overlord and confidante, which had an important societal function at the time, but we could also learn new information about the organization and leadership of the private armies of the nobility. Ádám I. Batthyány appreciated his servitor, Káldy’s service yielded significant financial gain and security for him. At the time of his death on 29 May 1648 the most successful member of the Káldy family of Felsőkáld was close to ascending to high nobility, in terms of both wealth and political influence. While his career was somewhat atypical considering the positions he held, it can still be concluded that for nobles with medium holdings, the path to political and financial success usually leads through the court of a magnate.
A városi követségek helyi szabályozása a Római Birodalomban
Authors: Illés Imre Áron
Published: April 2024

The aim of this study is to briefly present the most important features of Roman municipal embassies, mainly on the basis of Roman legal sources (municipal laws and late Roman codification), with brief but far from exhaustive references to some literary and inscriptional sources. Accordingly, I will describe the process of appointing ambassadors, the most important exemptions, and other reasons that, in the interests of the city, prevented someone from becoming an ambassador; the conditions under which a deputy could be appointed; how the funding of embassies was managed; and the consequences of not or not properly performing the duties of an ambassador.