bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In-Situ Probing Plasmonic Energy Transfer in Cu(In, Ga)Se2 Solar Cells by Ultrabroadband Femtosecond Pump-Probe Spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Shih-Chen , Wu Kaung-Hsiung , Li Jia-Xing , Yabushita Atsushi , Tang Shih-Han , Luo Chih Wei , Juang Jenh-Yih , Kuo Hao-Chung , Chueh Yu-Lun
Published: December 2015

In this work, we demonstrated a viable experimental scheme for in-situ probing the effects of Au nanoparticles (NPs) incorporation on plasmonic energy transfer in Cu(In, Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells by elaborately analyzing the lifetimes and zero moment for hot carrier relaxation with ultrabroadband femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy. The signals of enhanced photobleach (PB) and waned photoinduced absorption (PIA) attributable to surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of Au NPs were in-situ probed in transient differential absorption spectra. The results suggested that substantial carriers can be excited from ground state to lower excitation energy levels, which can reach thermalization much faster with the existence of SPR. Thus, direct electron transfer (DET) could be implemented to enhance the photocurrent of CIGS solar cells. Furthermore, based on the extracted hot carrier lifetimes, it was confirmed that the improved electrical transport might have been resulted primarily from the reduction in the surface recombination of photoinduced carriers through enhanced local electromagnetic field (LEMF). Finally, theoretical calculation for resonant energy transfer (RET)-induced enhancement in the probability of exciting electron-hole pairs was conducted and the results agreed well with the enhanced PB peak of transient differential absorption in plasmonic CIGS film. These results indicate that plasmonic energy transfer is a viable approach to boost high-efficiency CIGS solar cells.
Identification of a novel antimicrobial peptide from amphioxus Branchiostoma japonicum by in silico and functional analyses
Authors: Liu Haohan , Lei Miaomiao , Du Xiaoyuan , Cui Pengfei , Zhang Shicui
Published: December 2015

The emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) microbes leads to urgent demands for novel antibiotics exploration. We demonstrated a cDNA from amphioxus Branchiostoma japonicum, designated Bjamp1, encoded a protein with features typical of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which is not homologous to any AMPs currently discovered. It was found that Bjamp1 was expressed in distinct tissues and its expression was remarkably up-regulated following challenge with LPS and LTA. Moreover, the synthesized putative mature AMP, mBjAMP1, underwent a coil-to-helix transition in the presence of TFE or SDS, agreeing well with the expectation that BjAMP1 was a potential AMP. Functional assays showed that mBjAMP1 inhibited the growth of all the bacteria tested and induced membrane/cytoplasmic damage. ELISA indicated that mBjAMP1 was a pattern recognition molecule capable of identifying LPS and LTA. Importantly, mBjAMP1 disrupted the bacterial membranes by a membranolytic mechanism. Additionally, mBjAMP1 was non-cytotoxic to mammalian cells. Collectively, these data indicate that mBjAMP1 is a new AMP with a high bacterial membrane selectivity, rendering it a promising template for the design of novel peptide antibiotics against MDR microbes. It also shows for the first time that use of signal conserved sequence of AMPs is effective identifying potential AMPs across different animal classes.
Maximal Neighbor Similarity Reveals Real Communities in Networks
Authors: Žalik Krista Rizman
Published: December 2015

An important problem in the analysis of network data is the detection of groups of densely interconnected nodes also called modules or communities. Community structure reveals functions and organizations of networks. Currently used algorithms for community detection in large-scale real-world networks are computationally expensive or require a priori information such as the number or sizes of communities or are not able to give the same resulting partition in multiple runs. In this paper we investigate a simple and fast algorithm that uses the network structure alone and requires neither optimization of pre-defined objective function nor information about number of communities. We propose a bottom up community detection algorithm in which starting from communities consisting of adjacent pairs of nodes and their maximal similar neighbors we find real communities. We show that the overall advantage of the proposed algorithm compared to the other community detection algorithms is its simple nature, low computational cost and its very high accuracy in detection communities of different sizes also in networks with blurred modularity structure consisting of poorly separated communities. All communities identified by the proposed method for facebook network and E-Coli transcriptional regulatory network have strong structural and functional coherence.
Deletion of Tricellulin Causes Progressive Hearing Loss Associated with Degeneration of Cochlear Hair Cells
Authors: Kamitani Toru , Sakaguchi Hirofumi , Tamura Atsushi , Miyashita Takenori , Yamazaki Yuji , Tokumasu Reitaro , Inamoto Ryuhei , Matsubara Ai , Mori Nozomu , Hisa Yasuo , Tsukita Sachiko
Published: December 2015

Tricellulin (also known as MARVELD2) is considered as a central component of tricellular tight junctions and is distributed among various epithelial tissues. Although mutations in the gene encoding tricellulin are known to cause deafness in humans (DFNB49) and mice, the influence of its systemic deletion in vivo remains unknown. When we generated tricellulin-knockout mice (Tric−/−), we found an early-onset rapidly progressive hearing loss associated with the degeneration of hair cells (HCs); however, their body size and overall appearance were normal. Tric−/− mice did not show any morphological change pertaining to other organs such as the gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney, thyroid gland and heart. The endocochlear potential (EP) was normal in Tric−/− mice, suggesting that the tight junction barrier is maintained in the stria vascularis, where EP is generated. The degeneration of HCs, which occurred after the maturation of EP, was prevented in the culture medium with an ion concentration similar to that of the perilymph. These data demonstrate the specific requirement of tricellulin for maintaining ion homeostasis around cochlear HCs to ensure their survival. The Tric−/− mouse provides a new model for understanding the distinct roles of tricellulin in different epithelial systems as well as in the pathogenesis of DFNB49.
Compact Wireless Microscope for In-Situ Time Course Study of Large Scale Cell Dynamics within an Incubator
Authors: Jin Di , Wong Dennis , Li Junxiang , Luo Zhang , Guo Yiran , Liu Bifeng , Wu Qiong , Ho Chih-Ming , Fei Peng
Published: December 2015

Imaging of live cells in a region of interest is essential to life science research. Unlike the traditional way that mounts CO2 incubator onto a bulky microscope for observation, here we propose a wireless microscope (termed w-SCOPE) that is based on the “microscope-in-incubator” concept and can be easily housed into a standard CO2 incubator for prolonged on-site observation of the cells. The w-SCOPE is capable of tunable magnification, remote control and wireless image transmission. At the same time, it is compact, measuring only ~10 cm in each dimension and cost-effective. With the enhancement of compressive sensing computation, the acquired images can achieve a wide field of view (FOV) of ~113 mm2 as well as a cellular resolution of ~3 μm, which enables various forms of follow-up image-based cell analysis. We performed 12 hours time-lapse study on paclitaxel-treated MCF-7 and HEK293T cell lines using w-SCOPE. The analytic results, such as the calculated viability and therapeutic window, from our device were validated by standard cell detection assays and imaging-based cytometer. In addition to those end-point detection methods, w-SCOPE further uncovered the time course of the cell’s response to the drug treatment over the whole period of drug exposure.
A toxic endophyte-infected grass helps reverse degradation and loss of biodiversity of over-grazed grasslands in northwest China
Authors: Yao Xiang , Christensen Michael J. , Bao Gensheng , Zhang Chunping , Li Xiuzhang , Li Chunjie , Nan Zhibiao
Published: December 2015

Overgrazing of China’s grasslands is increasingly causing biodiversity to decline. In degenerated grasslands of northwest China endophyte (Epichloё gansuensis) infected Achnatherum inebrians (drunken horse grass) is becoming widely distributed because of its toxicity to livestock. In this study, we investigated the ecological consequences of endophyte toxicity in this native grass, at three sites in northwest China, by comparing seed production of plant species and arthropod abundance in overgrazed grasslands with and without the presence of A. inebrians. Our findings demonstrate that the presence of endophyte infected A. inebrians reduces the loss of plant and arthropod biodiversity by providing a protected nursery free of animal grazing. Therefore, A. inebrians, typically regarded as an unwanted toxic invader by pastoralists, should be viewed as beneficial for grasslands as its presence maintains plant and arthropod biodiversity and provides a foundation stone in the reconstruction and restoration of these grassland ecosystems.
Tunable Optical Nanoantennas Incorporating Bowtie Nanoantenna Arrays with Stimuli-Responsive Polymer
Authors: Wang Qiugu , Liu Longju , Wang Yifei , Liu Peng , Jiang Huawei , Xu Zhen , Ma Zhuo , Oren Seval , Chow Edmond K. C. , Lu Meng , Dong Liang
Published: December 2015

We report on a temperature-responsive tunable plasmonic device that incorporates coupled bowtie nanoantenna arrays (BNAs) with a submicron-thick, thermosensitive hydrogel coating. The coupled plasmonic nanoparticles provide an intrinsically higher field enhancement than conventional individual nanoparticles. The favorable scaling of plasmonic dimers at the nanometer scale and ionic diffusion at the submicron scale is leveraged to achieve strong optical resonance and rapid hydrogel response, respectively. We demonstrate that the hydrogel-coated BNAs are able to sense environmental temperature variations. The phase transition of hydrogel leads to 16.2 nm of resonant wavelength shift for the hydrogel-coated BNAs, whereas only 3 nm for the uncoated counterpart. The response time of the device to temperature variations is only 250 ms, due to the small hydrogel thickness at the submicron scale. The demonstration of the ability of the device to tune its optical resonance in response to an environmental stimulus (here, temperature) suggests a possibility of making many other tunable plasmonic devices through the incorporation of coupled plasmonic nanostructures and various environmental-responsive hydrogels.
Toward the suppression of cellular toxicity from single-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Gao Zhenghong , Varela Juan A. , Groc Laurent , Lounis Brahim , Cognet Laurent
Published: December 2015

A review on SWCNT cellular toxicity and the key parameters to obtain SWCNT samples with minimal or no cellular toxicity.
A DNA tetrahedron-based molecular beacon for tumor-related mRNA detection in living cells
Authors: Xie Nuli , Huang Jin , Yang Xiaohai , Yang Yanjing , Quan Ke , Wang He , Ying Le , Ou Min , Wang Kemin
Published: December 2015

We report a DNA tetrahedron-based molecular beacon for tumor-related TK1 mRNA detection in living cells, where the target sequence can induce the tetrahedron from contraction to extension, resulting in fluorescence restoration.
Flexibility and conformation of the cocaine aptamer studied by PELDOR
Authors: Grytz C. M. , Marko A. , Cekan P. , Sigurdsson S. Th. , Prisner T. F.
Published: December 2015

A model describing the global folding and flexibility of the cocaine aptamer was obtained by combining the information from PELDOR data witha prioriknowledge about its secondary structure.
New routes for improving adhesion at the metal/α-Al2O3(0001) interface
Authors: Cavallotti Rémi , Thi Le Ha-Linh , Goniakowski Jacek , Lazzari Rémi , Jupille Jacques , Koltsov Alexey , Loison Didier
Published: December 2015

Enrichment in transition metals improves adhesion at alumina/zinc interface.
Effect of the electric field during annealing of organic light emitting diodes for improving its on/off ratio
Authors: Sharma Rahul K. , Katiyar Monica , Rao I. V. Kameshwar , Narayanan Unni K. N. , Deepak Deepak
Published: December 2015

(i) The OLED as fabricated (standard). (ii) An OLED annealed, fast cooling, no reverse bias. (iii) As in (ii) except reverse bias during annealing, but not cooling. (iv) As in (iii) with reverse bias also during cooling. (v) As in (iii), except that cooling is slower. (vi) As in (iv), except that cooling is slower.
A new nanocrystalline inorganic–organic hybrid exhibiting semiconducting properties and applications
Authors: Du Haijuan , Zhang Wenli , Wang Chaohai , Niu Yunyin , Hou Hongwei
Published: December 2015

A new nanocrystalline inorganic–organic hybrid semiconductor [(BV)2(Ag5Br9)]n (1) with an intriguing windmill-like 1-D [Ag5Br9]nn− polymeric chain was assembled. Great efforts were devoted to investigate its semiconducting properties and applications.
Facile large scale preparation and electromagnetic properties of silica–nickel–carbon composite shelly hollow microspheres
Authors: An Zhenguo , Zhang Jingjie
Published: December 2015

Silica–nickel–carbon composite microspheres with shelly hollow structures and tunable electromagnetic properties were prepared in large scale through a three-step route.
Flexible synthesis of diverse N-heterocycles from substrates attainable from biomass
Authors: Bhusal Ram Prasad , Sperry Jonathan
Published: December 2015

A suite of structurally diverse N-heterocycles have been prepared from pyrrole and dimethyl itaconate, two compounds attainable from biomass.
Phosphocholine-decorated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: defining the structure and probing in vivo applications
Authors: Luchini Alessandra , Irace Carlo , Santamaria Rita , Montesarchio Daniela , Heenan Richard K. , Szekely Noemi , Flori Alessandra , Menichetti Luca , Paduano Luigi
Published: December 2015

Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) are performing contrast agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
Supramolecular host–guest interaction of trityl-nitroxide biradicals with cyclodextrins: modulation of spin–spin interaction and redox sensitivity
Authors: Tan Xiaoli , Song Yuguang , Liu Huiqiang , Zhong Qinwen , Rockenbauer Antal , Villamena Frederick A. , Zweier Jay L. , Liu Yangping
Published: December 2015

The host–guest interaction with cyclodextrins is an effective method to modulate the spin–spin interaction of trityl-nitroxide biradicals and enhance their redox sensitivity.
Chemoselective room temperature E1cB N–N cleavage of oxazolidinone hydrazides from enantioselective aldehyde α-hydrazination: synthesis of (+)-1,4-dideoxyallonojirimycin
Authors: Ferreira Jasmin , Rees-Jones Sophie C. M. , Ramaotsoa Valerie , Msutu Ath'enkosi , Hunter Roger
Published: December 2015

A room temperature method for hydrazideN–Ncleavage is presented that completes enantioselective aldehyde α-hydrazination methodology.
Probing molecular basis of single-walled carbon nanotube degradation and nondegradation by enzymes based on manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase
Authors: Chen Ming , Qin Xiaosheng , Li Jian , Zeng Guangming
Published: December 2015

Increasing evidence has shown that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) present adverse effects on the environment and human health, which stresses the importance of exploring CNT biodegradation.
Substituted Co–Cu–Zn nanoferrites: synthesis, fundamental and redox catalytic properties for the degradation of methyl orange
Authors: Bhukal Santosh , Dhiman Manisha , Bansal S. , Tripathi Mukesh K. , Singhal Sonal
Published: December 2015

Co0.6Zn0.4Cu0.2MxFe1.8−xO4 (M = Zn2+, Co2+, Ni2+ and Mn3+. x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8) magnetically recyclable catalysts have been synthesized via a sol–gel auto combustion method.
Ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of UO22+ based on DNAzyme and isothermal enzyme-free amplification
Authors: Yun Wen , Jiang Jiaolai , Cai Dingzhou , Wang Xiaofang , Sang Ge , Liao Junsheng , Lu Tiecheng , Yan Kangping
Published: December 2015

A novel enzyme-free amplification biosensor for uranyl detection was developed based on UO22+-specific DNAzyme and a hybridization chain reaction.
Unconventional synthesis of Cu–Au dendritic nanowires with enhanced electrochemical activity
Authors: Chen Yuan , Xu Qingchi , Hu Bo , Xu Jun , Weng Jian
Published: December 2015

Cu–Au dendritic nanowires were obtained in high yield with enhanced electrochemical activity and potential application in glucose detection.
Enhancing up-conversion luminescence of Er3+/Yb3+-codoped glass by two-color laser field excitation
Authors: Yao Yunhua , Xu Cheng , Zheng Ye , Yang Chengshuai , Liu Pei , Ding Jingxin , Jia Tianqing , Qiu Jianrong , Zhang Shian , Sun Zhenrong
Published: December 2015

Improving up-conversion luminescence efficiency of rare-earth ions is always a research hotspot because of its important applications in laser source, color display, photoelectric conversion and multiplexed biolabeling.
A general and rapid approach to hybrid metal nanoparticle–ZnO nanowire arrays and their use as active substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection
Authors: Hu Qiyan , Liu Xiaowang , Wu Chaoting , You Qing , Shi Tianchao , Zhang Wu
Published: December 2015

Rapid SERS substrate preparation: an aqueous phase reaction of metal precursors with ZnO@Zn has been exploited for synthesizing SERS-active metal–ZnO nanowire arrays.
Designed preparation of 3D hierarchically porous carbon material via solvothermal route and in situ activation for ultrahigh-efficiency dye removal: adsorption isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamics characteristics
Authors: Dai Jiangdong , Sun Jun , Xie Atian , He Jinsong , Li Chunxiang , Yan Yongsheng
Published: December 2015

Herein, the first preparation of a novel 3D hierarchically porous carbon via pre-carbonization and in situ alkali activation, wherein meso-PDVB synthesized by a facile and general solvothermal route was used as the carbon precursor, is reported.
Graphene oxide-based composite hydrogels with self-assembled macroporous structures
Authors: Huang Yiwan , Zeng Ming , Feng Zijian , Yin Die , Xu Qingyu , Fan Liren
Published: December 2015

The self-assembly technique provides a new and simple route for designing porous hydrogels.
A novel mariner-based transposon system for the enhanced removal of high strength ammoniacal nitrogen in pharmaceutical effluents
Authors: Lekshmy J. , Iyappan S. , Sekaran G. , Imtiaz Syeda Ibriza , Ranjan Pritish , Ramani K.
Published: December 2015

High strength NH3–N in the effluent is the major issue in the pharmaceutical industry. A novel mariner-transposan based system could be the better solution for the treatment of high strength NH3–N in the pharmaceutical effluent.
Effects of resveratrol on the structure and fluidity of lipid bilayers: a membrane biophysical study
Authors: Neves A. R. , Nunes C. , Amenitsch H. , Reis S.
Published: December 2015

Resveratrol is a natural active compound which has been attracting increasing interest due to its several therapeutic effects. The current work investigates how resveratrol interacts with biomembranes, bringing a new approach to interpret its pleiotropic actions.
Electrospun fibers of chitosan-grafted polycaprolactone/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) blends
Authors: Díez-Pascual Ana M. , Díez-Vicente Angel L.
Published: December 2015

CS-g-PCL/PHBHHxfiber blends show an optimal combination of strength, ductility, antibacterial activity and non-cytotoxicity, and thus are suitable as scaffolds for tissue engineering.
Enhanced osteoblast differentiation and osseointegration of a bio-inspired HA nanorod patterned pore-sealed MgO bilayer coating on magnesium
Authors: Li Bo , Han Yong , Li Mei
Published: December 2015

The osteogenetic capability of Mg was significantly enhanced by a bio-inspired hydroxyapatite (HA) nanorod patterned pore-sealed MgO bilayer coating.
Nonmetal sulfur-doped coral-like cobalt ferrite nanoparticles with enhanced magnetic properties
Authors: Cao Derang , Wang Xicheng , Pan Lining , Li Hao , Jing Panpan , Wang Jianbo , Liu Qingfang
Published: December 2015

The saturation magnetization of sulfur-doped coral-like cobalt ferrite nanoparticles was improved to 81 emu g−1via a facile and novel calcining process.
Defect trapping states and charge carrier recombination in organic–inorganic halide perovskites
Authors: Wen Xiaoming , Feng Yu , Huang Shujuan , Huang Fuzhi , Cheng Yi-Bing , Green Martin , Ho-Baillie Anita
Published: December 2015

The defect density and relaxation rate in organic–inorganic perovskites dominate the carrier recombination dynamics and thus PL intensity exhibits super-linear increase with increasing excitation.
Nox1 in cardiovascular diseases: regulation and pathophysiology
Authors: Gimenez Marcela , Schickling Brandon M. , Lopes Lucia R. , Miller Francis J.
Published: December 2015

Since its discovery in 1999, a number of studies have evaluated the role of Nox1 NADPH oxidase in the cardiovascular system. Nox1 is activated in vascular cells in response to several different agonists, with its activity regulated at the transcriptional level as well as by NADPH oxidase complex formation, protein stabilization and post-translational modification. Nox1 has been shown to decrease the bioavailability of nitric oxide, transactivate the epidermal growth factor receptor, induce pro-inflammatory signalling, and promote cell migration and proliferation. Enhanced expression and activity of Nox1 under pathologic conditions results in excessive production of reactive oxygen species and dysregulated cellular function. Indeed, studies using genetic models of Nox1 deficiency or overexpression have revealed roles for Nox1 in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases ranging from atherosclerosis to hypertension, restenosis and ischaemia/reperfusion injury. These data suggest that Nox1 is a potential therapeutic target for vascular disease, and drug development efforts are ongoing to identify a specific bioavailable inhibitor of Nox1.
Evaluation of the clinical relevance and limitations of current pre-clinical models of peripheral artery disease
Authors: Krishna Smriti Murali , Omer Safraz Mohamed , Golledge Jonathan
Published: December 2015

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) usually results from atherosclerosis and associated thrombosis and limits blood supply to the lower limbs. Common presenting symptoms include intermittent claudication (IC), rest pain and tissue loss. When limb viability is threatened, known as critical limb ischaemia (CLI), surgical and endovascular interventions are frequently undertaken; however, these are not always successful and ultimately major amputation may be required. There is significant interest in developing new therapeutic approaches to manage PAD which can be applied to patients unlikely to benefit from interventional approaches. Many of the therapeutic agents successful in inducing angiogenesis and arteriogenesis in pre-clinical animal models of PAD have failed to have efficacy in human randomized control trials. One possible reason for this inability to translate findings to patients could be the type of pre-clinical animal models used. In the present review, we describe currently available pre-clinical models of PAD and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the available models. A detailed assessment of the currently available pre-clinical animal models shows major limitations such as variability in the surgical procedure used to induce limb ischaemia, variability in the strains of rodents used, lack of risk factors incorporated into the model and lack of standardized functional outcomes. The most commonly used outcome assessments in studies within pre-clinical models differ from those employed in clinical trials within PAD patients. Most current pre-clinical models are designed to produce acute ischaemia which leads to muscle necrosis and inflammation. Patients, however, most commonly present with chronic ischaemia suggesting that more representative models are needed to evaluate therapeutic modalities that can be potentially translated to clinical practice.
Storing renewables in the gas network: modelling of power‐to‐gas seasonal storage flexibility in low‐carbon power systems
Authors: Clegg Stephen , Mancarella Pierluigi
Published: December 2015

The power‐to‐gas (P2G) process, whereby excess renewable electrical energy is used to form hydrogen and/or synthetic natural gas (NG) that are injected, transported, and stored in the gas network, has the prospect to become an important flexibility option for the seasonal storage of low‐carbon electricity. This study is the first to model and assess the potential of P2G when combined with gas seasonal storage operation accounting for the two networks’ characteristics and constraints (including the amount of hydrogen that can be blended with NG under different gas network conditions). Power system operation with P2G is analysed via a two‐stage optimisation based on DC power flow to assess the gas production from otherwise curtailed renewables, also considering impact of P2G on short‐term and long‐term gas prices. Additionally, impact of P2G on gas network operation and its potentially required re‐dispatch are evaluated with a steady‐state gas flow model. Case studies conducted on the Great Britain gas and electrical transmission networks quantify benefits and limitations of the integrated usage of P2G with seasonal gas storage under different scenarios. The proposed model thus sets the fundamentals for further development of this emerging technology as a seasonal storage option in low‐carbon power systems.
Determining potential stability enhancements of flexible AC transmission system devices using corrected transient energy function
Authors: Aghaei Jamshid , Zarei Mahdi , Asban Mohammadreza , Ghavidel Sahand , Heidari Alireza , Agelidis Vassilios G.
Published: December 2015

In this study, the calculations of flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices energy function and corrected transient energy function (CTEF) in presence of FACTS are formulated. The most versatile FACTS devices are modelled for transient‐stability assessment using CTEF. Furthermore, the effects of FACTS devices on the corrected transient margin are evaluated by considering the corrected transient energy margin (CTEM), corrected transient kinetic energy (CTKE), and fault critical clearing time (CCT). The proven formulations are applied and compared on three different networks, 3‐bus, 39‐bus, and 145‐bus test systems. All evaluations are compared with each other in the presence and absence of the FACTS devices, and the results of simulation and direct method are investigated. It is proven that by using the energy functions of static VAr compensator, thyristor‐controlled series capacitor, and unified power flow controller, the results of the direct method and the simulation method are almost equal. Also, the efficient criteria in identifying first swing stability behavior are developed for the hybrid method to evaluate the CTEM. Test results do not show any irregular non‐linearity on the variations of CTEM, CTKE, and CCT for both plant and inter‐area mode disturbances.
Contribution of mobile health applications to self-management by consumers: review of published evidence
Authors: Anderson Kevin , Emmerton Lynne M.
Published: December 2015

Objective The aim of the present study was to review the contribution of mobile health applications (‘apps’) to consumers’ self-management of chronic health conditions, and the potential for this practice to inform health policy, procedures and guidelines. Methods A search was performed on the MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, ProQuest and Global Health (Ovid) databases using the search terms ‘mobile app*’, ‘self-care’, ‘self-monitoring’, ‘trial’, ‘intervention*’ and various medical conditions. The search was supplemented with manual location of emerging literature and government reports. Mapping review methods identified relevant titles and abstracts, followed by review of content to determine extant research, reports addressing the key questions, and gaps suggesting areas for future research. Available studies were organised by disease state, and presented in a narrative analysis. Results Four studies describing the results of clinical trials were identified from Canada, England, Taiwan and Australia; all but the Australian study used custom-made apps. The available studies examined the effect of apps in health monitoring, reporting positive but not robust findings. Australian public policy and government reports acknowledge and support self-management, but do not address the potential contribution of mobile interventions. Conclusions There are limited controlled trials testing the contribution of health apps to consumers’ self-management. Further evidence in this field is required to inform health policy and practice relating to self-management. What is known about the topic? Australian health policy encourages self-care by health consumers to reduce expenditure in health services. A fundamental component of self-care in chronic health conditions is self-monitoring, which can be used to assess progress towards treatment goals, as well as signs and symptoms of disease exacerbation. An abundance of mobile health apps is available for self-monitoring. What does this study add? A limited number of randomised control trials have assessed the clinical impact of health apps for self-monitoring. The body of evidence relating to current and long-term clinical impact is developing. Despite endorsing self-care, Australian health policy does not address the use and potential contribution of mobile health apps to health care. What are the implications? Widespread and sustained use of validated mobile health apps for chronic health conditions should have potential to improve consumer independence, confidence and burden on health services in the longer term. However, a significant body of scientific evidence has not yet been established; this is mirrored in the lack of acknowledgement of health apps in Australian health policy referring to consumers’ self-management.
Long-term survival and reproductive success of New Zealand sea lions (Phocarctos hookeri) treated with ivermectin as pups
Authors: Michael S. A. , Chilvers B. L. , Roe W. D. , Gartrell B. D.
Published: December 2015

Context Hookworms (Uncinaria spp.) are a common parasite of neonatal fur seals and sea lions around the world and may contribute to decreased pup growth and survival. Removal of these parasitic burdens by administration of the anthelmintic ivermectin has been trialled in New Zealand (NZ) sea lion (Phocarctos hookeri) pups at Sandy Bay, Enderby Island, with initial benefits in growth and survival reported. Long-term effects, however, are not known. Aims To determine the impact of ivermectin treatment administered in the first month of life, on long-term survival and fecundity in a sample of NZ sea lion pups. Methods For a sample of treated and control pups born between 2002 and 2004, resighting data to 2012 was assessed with the Cox proportional hazards analysis to evaluate survival to maturity and fecundity. Key results Sample size was a limiting factor as juvenile survival was very low, but a trend of improved survival was observed in the ivermectin-treated group. Year of birth was significant due to the effects of a bacterial epizootic in the first year of the trial. Reproductive rate was not significantly different between groups. Conclusions The effect of disease and parasitism on the survival of NZ sea lions is apparent, contributing to early pup mortality, with potentially wider-ranging implications for juvenile survival and beyond. Implications Further research is warranted to investigate anthelmintic treatment of NZ sea lion pups as a safe and effective management tool to improve survival and recruitment in declining populations.
Stage-specific embryonic antigen-3 (SSEA-3) and β3GalT5 are cancer specific and significant markers for breast cancer stem cells
Authors: Cheung Sarah K. C. , Chuang Po-Kai , Huang Han-Wen , Hwang-Verslues Wendy W. , Cho Candy Hsin-Hua , Yang Wen-Bin , Shen Chia-Ning , Hsiao Michael , Hsu Tsui-Ling , Chang Chuan-Fa , Wong Chi-Huey
Published: December 2015

Significance

Cancer stem cells are cancer cells with self-renewal and tumor-growth properties and are important targets for development of anticancer therapy. We have found breast cancer stem cells can be enriched by stage-specific embryonic antigen 3 (SSEA-3) and known protein markers (CD24 and CD44), and as few as 10 such enriched cells can develop tumor in mice. Also, the enzyme galactosyltransferase (β3GalT5) for the biosynthesis of SSEA-3 is expressed in breast cancer stem cells and cancer cells but not in normal cells, and both SSEA-3 and β3GalT5 are shown to be essential for cancer cell survival. These findings have led to the development of a new anticancer strategy with a proof of principle shown in this and previous studies.
Evolution of victimization, tolerance and detection of intimate partner violence among young Spanish women / Evolución de victimización, tolerancia y detección de la violencia de pareja entre mujeres jóvenes españolas
Authors: Rodríguez-Franco Luis , López-Cepero Javier , López-Núñez María-Inmaculada , Paíno-Quesada Susana G. , Antuña-Bellerín M. Ángeles , Bringas-Molleda Carolina , Rodríguez-Díaz Francisco-Javier
Published: December 2015

Intimate partner violence that takes place in first couple relationships has received increasing attention in recent years, leading our knowledge on different topics to grow remarkably. The objective of this study is two-fold: on the one hand, we compare levels of victimization and tolerance for two samples, from two waves of assessment; and on the other hand, we focus on coherence among victimization and the use of labels such as abuse, fear and feeling trapped in the relationship in both waves. A total sample of 3,844 women between the ages of 16 and 21 took part in the study, 18% in the first wave in 2003–05 and 82% in the second wave in 2011–13. Data were collected using the Cuestionario de Violencia de Novios (CUVINO), a questionnaire that provides information on the prevalence of and tolerance towards eight different kinds of abuse, along with self-labelling questions on the perception of abuse. Results showed a similarity in prevalence and labelling in both waves of assessment, with higher tolerance in the second wave. We discuss the implications of these findings for improving current prevention programs on dating violence.
Nanocomposite films of polyaniline/graphene quantum dots and its supercapacitor properties
Authors: Dinari M. , Momeni M. M. , Goudarzirad M.
Published: December 2015

In the present study, at first S-, N-doped graphene quantum dots (GQDs) was synthesised by using citric acid as C source and thiourea as N, S source via facile hydrothermal synthesis route. Then, composite films of polyaniline-GQD (PANI-GQD) were prepared by in-situ electrochemical polymerisation of an aniline solution containing GQD. The different concentrations of GQD were utilised to improve the electrochemical performances. Formation of PANI and PANI-GQD films was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformed infra-red analysis, and the electrochemical performances of the composites were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The results of electron microscope images showed that PANI were not only coated on the surface but also intercalated into GQD sheets. Application of the prepared samples has been evaluated as supercapacitor material in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution using the CV technique. The specific capacitance of PANI-GQD composite films was higher than that obtained for pure PANI films.
COOMET.QM-S5 (COOMET project No 576/RU/12) 'Supplementary comparison of national standards in the field of analysis of gas mixtures containing CO2, CO, C3H8 in nitrogen ("automotive" gas mixtures)'
Authors: Konopelko L A , Kolobova A V , Rozhnov M S , Melnyk D M , Petryshyn P V , Shpilnyi S A , Iakubov S E , Bakovec N V , Kluchits A S , Kipphardt H , Aleksandrov V V
Published: December 2015

The relevance of the COOMET.QM-S5 comparison is founded on tightening of requirements to a control of automobile emissions (realization of environmental standards of EURO 4, EURO-5). Participating laboratories: VNIIM, BAM, BelGIM, Ukrmetrteststandart, KazInMetr. This comparison was carried out in 2013-2014. This supplementary comparison supports CMC claims for: CO2 in the range (4–16) · 10−2 mol/mol; CO in the range (0.5–5) · 10−2 mol/mol; C3H8 in the range (0.01–0.3) · 10−2 mol/mol. Results:

Component CO:

All laboratories identified the values of carbon monoxide mole fraction in the gas mixture within ±0.9134%.

Component CO2:

All laboratories identified the values of carbon dioxide mole fraction in the gas mixture within ±0.3042%.

Component C3H8:

All laboratories identified the values of propane mole fraction in the gas mixture within ±0.443%.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Philanthrocapitalism comes of age
Authors: Bishop Matthew , Green Michael
Published: December 2015

The chapter build on previous work to explore how philanthrocapitalism has evolved. Despite the financial crisis of 2008, engaged giving has expanded and become more institutionalized rather than withering away. Indeed, even governments are now advocates. The chapter functions as a set of debates addressing key critics of philanthrocapitalism—as such it is, itself, somewhat controversial. Yet, the chapter highlights several important issues that go beyond its particular perspective, such as the value of more diligent impact measurement and improved transparency and accountability in the grant-making sector. The chapter goes on to highlight some of the emerging innovations in this sector including philanthropic ‘marketplaces’ such as the Clinton Global Initiative. The chapter concludes with a cautious reminder that taking risks can pay off, but demonstrable successes are important too.
Impact investing
Authors: Oleksiak Anna , Nicholls Alex , Emerson Jed
Published: December 2015

The chapter begins by establishing a definition for this market and discussing the main contexts and trends that can be observed shaping its development. A section on key characteristics follows that covers such issues as geographical spread and diversity, sectoral spread, financial instruments, and risk and return profiles. It then discusses the emerging market structure of impact investing and give an account of the important role of policy in shaping and supporting the field. The chapter then moves on to consider future directions, opportunities, and challenges. The arguments and analyses of the chapter as a whole are finally summed up in a conclusion. Throughout the chapter short case examples provide important real world grounding to the analysis and commentary.
Public policy for social finance in context
Authors: Spear Roger , Paton Rob , Nicholls Alex
Published: December 2015

The chapter examines well-developed policies and institutional arrangements to provide or enable social finance in three different jurisdictions (the UK, the USA, and Quebec). The chapter reviews what governments have actually done, why they became involved, and how their policies and new institutions developed over time. By contrasting two liberal market economies with a coordinated market economy the chapter aims to move the discussion and analysis beyond the Anglo-American concerns that often frame discussions of social finance. The chapter draws some conclusions from its research in the form of a broad argument about how different policies regarding social finance in different jurisdictions emerge and mature.
Building the social finance infrastructure
Authors: Schwartz Rodney , Jones Clare , Nicholls Alex
Published: December 2015

This chapter explores the emerging infrastructure supporting the social finance market. It first establishes the wider background for the subsequent discussion by discussing in detail the basic requirements for the flourishing of a social economy. Building on this, the chapter then goes on to identify and explore four key types of infrastructure that support the development of the social finance market: governmental, facilitative, intellectual, transactional. Each type of infrastructure is explored in detail and its position in the social finance ecosystem analysed. The chapter includes a range of international case examples to illustrate its analysis. Conclusions sum up the key contributions of this chapter.
Implicatures and grammar
Authors: Asher Nicholas
Published: December 2015

This chapter develops a research program on implicatures and discourse structure with implications for grammar. The program shows the centrality of discourse structure in linguistic interpretation by detailing how discourse structure provides an important source of information to computing so-called scalar implicatures. While scalar implicatures have typically received a Gricean treatment based on reasoning about the content of sentences in isolation since the work of Larry Horn, the Gricean tradition misses an important, indeed decisive, component in the calculation of implicatures—discourse structure. This has general implications for the way discourse structure is treated within grammar. This chapter considers settings where implicatures are generated in the absence of strong Gricean cooperativity, in particular, non-cooperative settings where Gricean principles do not really apply as they are formulated by current proposals. The study proposes a different mechanism for deriving implicatures in such settings.
Free Indirect Discourse and the syntax of the left periphery
Authors: Giorgi Alessandra
Published: December 2015

This work is concerned with Free Indirect Discourse (FID), a narrative style that gives the reader the impression of listening directly to the thoughts, or to the speech, of the speaker or main character of the narration. The general question to be addressed is the following: to what extent does grammar, particularly of the left periphery, intervene in constraining the expressive possibilities available for a narrator? The thesis developed in this chapter is that language, even when literary, always complies with the rules of grammar. Namely, even if there is a certain degree of freedom in narration, the possible realizations of sentences can only be identified among the options provided by Universal Grammar. In the case of FID, Universal Grammar identifies the general mechanisms determining the reference of indexicals—tenses, adverbs, and pronouns—in the same way as in “normal” sentences, in spite of the apparent differences.
Basic principles: terminology
Authors: Bauer Laurie , Lieber Rochelle , Plag Ingo
Published: December 2015

This chapter sets out and defines the terminology that is used in the rest of the volume. This includes the terminology of morphological analysis (morpheme and morph, lexeme and word-form, inflection and derivation, availability and profitability, for example), but also areas on the borders of morphology (suppletion, phonaestheme, word-classes) and matters of verbal diathesis. The notion of ‘word’ is discussed in detail. This is followed by considerations concerning the elements below the level of the word. The next section is devoted to the study of word-classes and their relevance for morphological analysis, followed by treatments of productivity, the distinction between native and non-native vocabulary and other lexical, especially syntactico-semantic, matters.
Basic principles: methods
Authors: Bauer Laurie , Lieber Rochelle , Plag Ingo
Published: December 2015

This chapter presents the methods on which this book is based. Large quantities of data were generated from electronic sources. The most important sources used were the Corpus of Contemporary American English, the British National Corpus, various types of dictionary, websites and lexical databases. The chapter discusses the methodological problems with gathering and analyzing the data. Furthermore the conventions for citing data and for deciding which data to include are detailed. Problems of interpretation are also considered.
Adjective and adverb inflection
Authors: Bauer Laurie , Lieber Rochelle , Plag Ingo
Published: December 2015

This chapter is concerned with the formation of comparatives and superlatives in English. First the semantic issues involved with comparison are discussed, then the properties of affixal degree-formation. This is followed by a detailed description of the comparison of adverbs and adjectives. In particular, the chapter discusses the different determinants of the choice between synthetic and analytic forms of comparative and superlative with adjectives. A variety of phonological, morphological, syntactic, semantic, and dialectal conditioning factors are considered.
Derived nouns: event, state, result
Authors: Bauer Laurie , Lieber Rochelle , Plag Ingo
Published: December 2015

This chapter discusses derived nouns denoting events, states, results, as well as related semantic categories such as products and means. Such nouns are formed with the suffixes -ing, -ation, -ment, -al, -ure, -ance and by conversion. The chapter begins with the formal properties of the processes in question, including the kinds of bases that undergo affixation or conversion, their syntactic category, their status as native or non-native, free or bound, as well as phonological or prosodic restrictions on bases. The chapter then moves on to the range of semantic interpretations available for the different kinds of formation. This includes a discussion of argument referencing and the predictability of meaning.
Derived adjectives
Authors: Bauer Laurie , Lieber Rochelle , Plag Ingo
Published: December 2015

This chapter considers the full range of affixes that derive adjectives in contemporary English (‑able, ‑al, ‑an, ‑ant,‑ary, ‑esque, ‑ful, ‑ic, ‑ical, ‑ine, ‑ing, ‑ish, ‑ive,‑ly, ‑oid, ‑ory, ‑ous, ‑some, ‑y, and the past participle). It looks at both their formal characteristics and their semantic range. It takes up the issue of stress placement with this cohort of affixes and the extent to which the various affixes are productive. The chapter also discusses the extent to which some of them are semantically interchangeable. It also deals with the question whether such categories as gradable versus non-gradable, or relational versus qualitative, arise as a function of the specific affix, the base, or the context in which individual items appear.
Compounds: formal considerations
Authors: Bauer Laurie , Lieber Rochelle , Plag Ingo
Published: December 2015

This chapter deals with the formal properties of compounds. First it considers which kinds of constructs should be classified as compounds and which ones should not. This is followed by a discussion of the internal structure of compounds (including issues of headedness, stress, and orthography), and of the formal properties of nominal, verbal, adjectival, and prepositional compounds, as well as neoclassical, phrasal, and reduplicative compounds. It is argued that blends are also best analyzed as compounds. The chapter ends with a consideration of the formal characteristics of blends.