bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘My biggest fear is that people will forget about him’: Mothers' emotional transitions after terminating their pregnancy for medical reasons
Authors: González‐Ramos Zuleika , Zuriguel‐Pérez Esperanza , Collado‐Palomares Anna , Casadó‐Marín Lina
Published: September 2022

Aims and objectives

To explore women's emotional responses throughout the process of terminating a pregnancy for medical reasons.

Background

Making the choice to terminate a desired pregnancy for medical reasons has a negative impact on women's health, as it is a distressing process that involves making hard decisions and readjusting one's expectations of an idealised pregnancy.

Methods

A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted following the COREQ checklist. Fifteen semi‐structured interviews and two focus groups were conducted with women who had terminated their pregnancies for medical reasons, previous to and during the COVID‐19 lockdown. Subsequently, we analysed the content.

Results

One main category, emotional journey during the process of terminating the pregnancy, and six subcategories were identified: (I) representation and desire to become a mother, (II) main concerns, (III) impact of the news, (IV) decision‐making, (V) emotional responses before termination for medical reasons and (VI) emotional responses after termination for medical reasons. All contributed to understanding the specificities of the different phases that make up the emotional journey of terminating a pregnancy for medical reasons.

Conclusions

The findings of this study suggest that there are a number of predominant emotions that professionals need to be aware of in order to help women work through them and lessen the impact of pregnancy termination on their mental health. COVID‐19 had different connotations depending on the women's experiences.

Relevance to clinical practice

Our results highlight how important the role of healthcare staff is in caring for these women and their partners, which involves recognising their emotions throughout the process. Our results also underline how useful it is to conduct qualitative studies in this context, since they constitute a set of activities and interventions that result in the administration of nursing care in itself.

Patient or Public Contribution

The ultimate goal of the action research study is to design a positive mental health intervention. Participants will contribute to the design and final approval of the intervention.
Information transparency, monitoring, and incentives under decentralization: Evidence from China's fiscal reform of “province managing county”
Authors: Jia Junxue , Ning Jing , Zhang Jing
Published: September 2022

Monitoring is deemed crucial for the incentivization of a decentralized organization, but its function relies on information transparency between the central authority and the delegated individuals. We test this hypothesis by considering changes in the fiscal behavior of Chinese county governments following an exogenous fiscal reform in 2004/2005 that removed information obstacles between provinces and counties. Employing data on 590 Chinese counties from 2000 to 2009, we find that counties in the reform provinces adopt a more proactive fiscal policy after the reform, suggesting that they become more incentivized in the political competition for economic growth. Such effects are stronger in counties with fewer competing peers and counties with either high or low ranks in the records of economic growth among peers. The increase in counties' productive spending leads to higher economic growth in later years.
Vorogrid: A static‐aware variable‐density Voronoi mesh to design the tube structure tessellation of tall buildings
Authors: Laccone Francesco , Gaudioso Domenico , Malomo Luigi , Cignoni Paolo , Froli Maurizio
Published: September 2022

In the context of tall building design, the tube concept represents one of the most performing systems. The diagrid is the widespread type of tube system and consists of a diagonal grid of beams that wraps the building, forming a diamond pattern. It performs as lateral bracing and is additionally able to sustain vertical loading through axial forces. Despite its efficiency, a growing interest is recently observed in alternative geometries to replace the diagrid pattern and improve the architectural impact conferred by the building skin aesthetics on the urban environment. The paper pursues the use of a Voronoi mesh, in which the geometry of the cells is steered to known schemes for the structural design of a cantilever tube structure. The objective is to mimic a macroscopic structural behavior through a topology and size modification of the Voronoi mesh that increases the density for creating resisting paths with higher stiffness. The paper proposes a novel method Vorogrid for designing a new class of tall buildings equipped with an organic‐looking and mechanically sound tube structure, which makes them a valuable alternative to competitors (diagrid, hexagrid, random Voronoi). Diagrids and hexagrids still remain more efficient in terms of forces and displacements but are characterized by a more usual appearance, instead Vorogrid offers more design control and better performances on average with respect to random Voronoi structures. This method is streamed into a pipeline that includes grid initialization strategies, geometric and structural optimization to mitigate the effects of the grid randomness, and structural sizing.
Do we have something in common? Understanding national identities through a metanarrative analysis
Authors: Kaplan Yael R. , Sheafer Tamir , Shenhav Shaul R.
Published: September 2022

Many scholars stress the role national identities play as an essential element that shapes interests and explains political behaviours. Others, however, contend that national identities are too amorphic and highlight the analytical challenge of employing them as a research variable. We propose the use of metanarratives as a theoretical framework that captures the essence of national identities and allows the comparative study of their similarities and differences. Metanarratives are shared dominant stories that guide values, beliefs and behaviours and help communities understand who they are. We develop a new systematic method for measuring their content and present a three‐step process for gauging metanarratives. We demonstrate this method on 159 countries, analysing constitution preambles to assess each nation's metanarrative and create a global identity orientation map. We show how this approach enables the classification and comparison of national identities and discuss its potential contribution to further empiric study of national identities.
Understanding the differences between single‐ and multiobjective optimization for the conservation of multiple species
Authors: Cho Seong‐Hoon , Mingie James C. , Kang Nawon , Zhu Gengping , Upendram Sreedhar
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study is to understand how solutions from single‐ and multiobjective optimization for the conservation of multiple species are different and what impacts these differences. We identify optimal conservation investment allocations maximizing expected species' habitat ranges for multiple pairs of species using two approaches in the central and southern Appalachian region. We find that disparities between the two approaches are affected by differences in the involved species' expected habitat ranges (i.e., contrasting and similar) and their correlation pattern (i.e., positive, negative, and insignificant). Using a single metric by aggregating species' habitats for multiple species to carry out single‐objective optimization is shown to favor the species with a larger habitat distribution more if the involved species' expected habitat distributions are negatively correlated and their distribution difference is larger. Framing multiple metrics of species' habitats separately using multiobjective optimization for the same set of multiple species, in contrast, does not show such a drastic disparity.
CC‐type glutaredoxin, MeGRXC3, associates with catalases and negatively regulates drought tolerance in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)
Authors: Guo Xin , Yu Xiaoling , Xu Ziyin , Zhao Pingjuan , Zou Liangping , Li Wenbin , Geng Mengting , Zhang Peng , Peng Ming , Ruan Mengbin
Published: September 2022

Glutaredoxins (GRXs) are essential for reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis in responses of plants to environment changes. We previously identified several drought‐responsive CC‐type GRXs in cassava, an important tropical crop. However, how CC‐type GRX regulates ROS homeostasis of cassava under drought stress remained largely unknown. Here, we report that a drought‐responsive CC‐type GRX, namely MeGRXC3, was associated with activity of catalase in the leaves of 100 cultivars (or unique unnamed genotypes) of cassava under drought stress. MeGRXC3 negatively regulated drought tolerance by modulating drought‐ and abscisic acid‐induced stomatal closure in transgenic cassava. It antagonistically regulated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation in epidermal cells and guard cells. Moreover, MeGRXC3 interacted with two catalases of cassava, MeCAT1 and MeCAT2, and regulated their activity in vivo. Additionally, MeGRXC3 interacts with a cassava TGA transcription factor, MeTGA2, in the nucleus, and regulates the expression of MeCAT7 through a MeTGA2‐MeMYB63 pathway. Overall, we demonstrated the roles of MeGRXC3 in regulating activity of catalase at both transcriptional and post‐translational levels, therefore involving in ROS homeostasis and stomatal movement in responses of cassava to drought stress. Our study provides the first insights into how MeGRXC3 may be used in molecular breeding of cassava crops.
Highest concentration of breast‐milk‐derived exosomes in colostrum
Authors: Ohta Motoki , Koshida Shigeki , Jimbo Itsuki , Oda Machi , Inoue Ryo , Tsukahara Takamitsu , Terahara Masaki , Nakamura Yoshitaka , Maruo Yoshihiro
Published: September 2022

Background

Exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles, that play important roles in intercellular immune regulation. They have potential therapeutic utility for neonatal diseases including necrotizing enterocolitis. Breast‐milk‐derived exosomes have recently shown beneficial effects on intestinal damage in vitro and in vivo. However, the chronological change in breast‐milk‐derived exosome concentrations after delivery are unclear.

Methods

In this prospective study, we enrolled 17 mothers who delivered premature infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit in Japan. We measured the consecutive concentrations of breast‐milk‐derived exosomes in the mothers for 48 weeks after delivery.

Results

The median concentration of breast‐milk‐derived exosomes was 1.62 × 108 particles/ml in colostrum, showing a significant decrease after 2 weeks (P < 0.01). There was no association between the exosome concentration in colostrum and maternal perinatal factors including parity, mode of delivery, maternal age, and gestational age at delivery.

Conclusions

We concluded that breast‐milk‐derived exosomes were the richest in colostrum. Our basic data regarding breast‐milk‐derived exosomes are expected to aid in the clinical application of exosomes for treating neonatal diseases.
Singlet Molecular Oxygen Generation in the Reaction of Biological Haloamines of Amino Acids and Polyamines with Hydrogen Peroxide†
Authors: Nascimento Rafaela Oliveira , Prado Fernanda Manso , de Medeiros Marisa Helena Gennari , Ronsein Graziella Eliza , Di Mascio Paolo
Published: September 2022

Leucocytes generate hypohalous acids (HOCl and HOBr) to defend the host against pathogens. In cells, hypohalous acids react with amine‐containing molecules, such as amino acids and polyamines, producing chloramines and bromamines, reservoirs of oxidizing power that can potentially damage host tissues at sites of inflammation. Hypohalous acids also react with H2O2 to produce stoichiometric amounts of singlet molecular oxygen (), but its generation in leucocytes is still under debate. Additionally, it is unclear whether haloamines generate following a reaction with H2O2. Herein, we provide evidence of the generation of in the reactions between amino acid‐derived (taurine, N‐α‐acetyl‐Lysine and glycine) and polyamine‐derived (spermine and spermidine) haloamines and H2O2 in an aqueous solution. The unequivocal formation of was detected by monitoring its characteristic monomol light emission at 1270 nm in the near‐infrared region. For amino acid‐derived haloamines, the presence of was further confirmed by chemical trapping with anthracene‐9,10‐divinylsulfonate and HPLC‐MS/MS detection. Altogether, photoemission and chemical trapping studies demonstrated that chloramines were less effective at producing than bromamines of amino acids and polyamines. Thus, formation via bromamines and H2O2 may be a potential source of in nonilluminated biological systems.
Individual differences and dyadic processes in conversations with peers in middle childhood
Authors: Moore Christina C. , Hubbard Julie A. , Bookhout Megan K. , Zajac Lindsay , Dozier Mary
Published: September 2022

The goal of the current study was to investigate the contribution of both trait‐like individual differences and dyadic processes to the content of children's conversations. Fifty‐two groups typically consisting of four same‐sex unfamiliar nine‐year‐old children (N = 202) interacted in all possible dyads, resulting in six dyads per group. Each dyad completed a 5‐min frustration task and a 5‐min planning task. Observers coded children's verbalizations into 10 categories and further summed these categories into prosocial (suggest, agree, solicit input, ask, encourage, state personal) and antisocial (command, disagree, discourage, aggress) verbalizations, resulting in 24 variables (12 per task). Across both tasks, Social Relations Model analyses provided evidence of the role of both individual differences [significant effects for actor variance (15 of 24 variables), actor‐actor correlations, and intrapersonal correlations] and dyadic processes [significant effects for partner variance (4 of 24 variables), relationship variance (18 of 24 variables), dyadic reciprocity correlations (10 of 24 variables), and interpersonal correlations] in children's conversations with peers.
Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor ameliorates high fat diet‐induced hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis disorders
Authors: Chen Xiaolin , Huang Lili , Cui Ling , Xiao Zhuoni , Xiong Xiaoxing , Chen Chen
Published: September 2022

High‐fat diet (HFD) consumption is known to be associated with ovulatory disorders among women of reproductive age. Previous studies in animal models suggest that HFD‐induced microglia activation contributes to hypothalamic inflammation. This causes the dysfunction of the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian (HPO) axis, leading to subfertility. Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a novel class of lipid‐soluble antidiabetic drugs that target primarily the early proximal tubules in kidney. Recent evidence revealed an additional expression site of SGLT2 in the central nervous system (CNS), indicating a promising role of SGLT2 inhibitors in the CNS. In type 2 diabetes patients and rodent models, SGLT2 inhibitors exhibit neuroprotective properties through reduction of oxidative stress, alleviation of cerebral atherosclerosis and suppression of microglia‐induced neuroinflammation. Furthermore, clinical observations in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) demonstrated that SGLT2 inhibitors ameliorated patient anthropometric parameters, body composition and insulin resistance. Therefore, it is of importance to explore the central mechanism of SGLT2 inhibitors in the recovery of reproductive function in patients with PCOS and obesity. Here, we review the hypothalamic inflammatory mechanisms of HFD‐induced microglial activation, with a focus on the clinical utility and possible mechanism of SGLT2 inhibitors in promoting reproductive fitness.

image
Brain-inspired sensorimotor echolocation system for confident landmark recognition
Authors: Kuc Roman
Published: September 2022

A landmark is a familiar target in terms of the echoes that it can produce and is important for echolocation-based navigation by bats, robots, and blind humans. A brain-inspired system (BIS) achieves confident recognition, defined as classification to an arbitrarily small error probability (PE), by employing a voting process with an echo sequence. The BIS contains sensory neurons implemented with binary single-layer perceptrons trained to classify echo spectrograms with PE and generate excitatory and inhibitory votes in face neurons until a landmark-specific face neuron achieves recognition by reaching a confidence vote level (CVL). A discrete random step process models the vote count to show the recognition probability can achieve any desired accuracy by decreasing PE or increasing CVL. A hierarchical approach first classifies surface reflector and volume scatterer target categories and then uses that result to classify two subcategories that form four landmarks. The BIS models blind human echolocation to recognize four human-made and foliage landmarks by acquiring suitably sized and dense audible echo sequences. The sensorimotor BIS employs landmark-specific CVL values and a 2.7° view increment to acquire echo sequences that achieve zero-error recognition of each landmark independent of the initial view.
Determination of the molecular weight distribution of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene from solution rheology
Authors: Ianniello Vincenzo , Costanzo Salvatore , Pasquino Rossana , Ianniruberto Giovanni , Troisi Enrico , Tervoort Theo A. , Grizzuti Nino
Published: September 2022

We investigate the linear rheology of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) solutions with the aim of determining the molecular weight distribution of the polymer. The UHMWPE is dissolved in oligo-ethylene in order to avoid issues related to unfavorable interactions with the solvent. To prepare the solutions, UHMWPE, solvent, and a fixed amount of antioxidants are mixed by means of a corotating twin-screw microcompounder. All prepared solutions are within the concentrated regime, as confirmed by the scaling laws of the main rheological parameters (plateau modulus, relaxation time, and zero-shear viscosity) with concentration. Based on the viscoelastic response of the solutions, we adopt a heuristic approach to extrapolate the linear viscoelastic behavior of the melt, according to a time-concentration superposition principle. Such a technique allows us to span many decades of angular frequency, eventually attaining the terminal relaxation regime. The latter is difficult to achieve by direct measurements in the molten state because of experimental issues such as extremely long experimental times and thermal limits. The viscoelastic spectrum of the melt is used to obtain the molecular weight distribution (MWD) according to the time-dependent diffusion/double reptation model. The MWD of UHMWPE evaluated by using this approach agrees well with data obtained from gel permeation chromatography.
Neural Activity During Imagery Supports Three Imagery Abilities as Measured by the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3
Authors: Seiler Brian D. , Monsma Eva V. , Newman-Norlund Roger , Sacko Ryan
Published: September 2022

Self-report and neural data were examined in 14 right-handed college-age males screened from a pool of 200 to verify neural activity during imagery and that the neural activity (area of brain) varies as a function of the imagery type. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data collected during real-time imagery of the three Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3 abilities indicated frontal areas, motor areas, and cerebellum active during kinesthetic imagery, motor areas, and superior parietal lobule during internal visual imagery, and parietal lobule and occipital cortex during external visual imagery. Central and imagery-specific neural patterns were found providing further biological validation of kinesthetic, internal visual, and external visual complementing results on females. Next, research should (a) compare neural activity between male participants screened by self-reported imagery abilities to determine if good imagers have more efficient neural networks than poor imagers and (b) determine if there is a statistical link between participants’ neural activity during imagery and self-report Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3 scores.
Kinesiophobia Is Related to Acute Musculoskeletal Injury Incidence Following Concussion
Authors: Thompson Xavier D. , Newman Thomas M. , Donahue Catherine C. , Erdman Nicholas K. , Statuta Siobhan M. , Resch Jacob E.
Published: September 2022

Context: Athletes with a history of sport concussion (SC) have an increased risk of musculoskeletal injury (MSK); however, the underlying mechanisms have yet to be determined. The purpose of our study was to evaluate kinesiophobia in college athletes with or without a time-loss MSK within 180 days of unrestricted return to play following a SC. Design: This was a retrospective cohort study within a sports medicine facility. Methods: Participants were eligible if they were diagnosed with a SC, completed the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK), and completed an unrestricted return to play. Fifty-six college athletes (40 men and 16 women) with an average age of 19.5 (1.25) years, height of 183.5 (10.45) cm, and mass of 94.72 (24.65) kg, were included in the study. MSK participants were matched to non-MSK participants 1:1. Demographic and TSK outcome scores were compared using independent t tests. The proportion of participants in each group who scored above the clinical threshold (TSK ≥ 37) was compared using a chi-square analysis. Alpha was set at α = .05. Results: The MSK group (31.2 [6.30]) reported similar TSK scores to the matched group (28.9 [3.34]; t54 = 1.70, P = .10, d = 0.45 [0.08 to 0.97]). A greater proportion of athletes who were diagnosed with an MSK-reported scores above the cutoff (χ2[1] = 6.49, P = .01). Conclusions: Athletes diagnosed with SC had similar kinesiophobia values regardless of MSK status. However, a higher proportion of athletes with a time-loss MSK injury reported a TSK score greater than the clinical cutoff. Our results suggest that factors such as kinesiophobia should be considered following a SC.
Magnetoelectric transfer of a domain pattern
Authors: Hassanpour Ehsan , Zemp Yannik , Tokunaga Yusuke , Taguchi Yasujiro , Tokura Yoshinori , Lottermoser Thomas , Fiebig Manfred , Weber Mads C.
Published: September 2022

The utility of ferroic materials is determined by the formation of domains and their poling behavior under externally applied fields. For multiferroics, which exhibit several types of ferroic order at once, it is also relevant how the domains of the coexisting ferroic states couple and what kind of functionality this might involve. In this work, we demonstrate the reversible transfer of a domain pattern between magnetization and electric-polarization space in the multiferroic Dy
0.7
Tb
0.3
FeO
3
. A magnetic field transfers a ferromagnetic domain pattern into an identical ferroelectric domain pattern while erasing it at its magnetic origin. Reverse transfer completes the cycle. To assess the generality of our experiment, we elaborate on its conceptual origin and aspects of application.
The human oxidation field
Authors: Zannoni Nora , Lakey Pascale S. J. , Won Youngbo , Shiraiwa Manabu , Rim Donghyun , Weschler Charles J. , Wang Nijing , Ernle Lisa , Li Mengze , Bekö Gabriel , Wargocki Pawel , Williams Jonathan
Published: September 2022

Hydroxyl (OH) radicals are highly reactive species that can oxidize most pollutant gases. In this study, high concentrations of OH radicals were found when people were exposed to ozone in a climate-controlled chamber. OH concentrations calculated by two methods using measurements of total OH reactivity, speciated alkenes, and oxidation products were consistent with those obtained from a chemically explicit model. Key to establishing this human-induced oxidation field is 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (6-MHO), which forms when ozone reacts with the skin-oil squalene and subsequently generates OH efficiently through gas-phase reaction with ozone. A dynamic model was used to show the spatial extent of the human-generated OH oxidation field and its dependency on ozone influx through ventilation. This finding has implications for the oxidation, lifetime, and perception of chemicals indoors and, ultimately, human health.
GnRH replacement rescues cognition in Down syndrome
Authors: Manfredi-Lozano Maria , Leysen Valerie , Adamo Michela , Paiva Isabel , Rovera Renaud , Pignat Jean-Michel , Timzoura Fatima Ezzahra , Candlish Michael , Eddarkaoui Sabiha , Malone Samuel A. , Silva Mauro S. B. , Trova Sara , Imbernon Monica , Decoster Laurine , Cotellessa Ludovica , Tena-Sempere Manuel , Claret Marc , Paoloni-Giacobino Ariane , Plassard Damien , Paccou Emmanuelle , Vionnet Nathalie , Acierno James , Maceski Aleksandra Maleska , Lutti Antoine , Pfrieger Frank , Rasika S. , Santoni Federico , Boehm Ulrich , Ciofi Philippe , Buée Luc , Haddjeri Nasser , Boutillier Anne-Laurence , Kuhle Jens , Messina Andrea , Draganski Bogdan , Giacobini Paolo , Pitteloud Nelly , Prevot Vincent
Published: September 2022

At the present time, no viable treatment exists for cognitive and olfactory deficits in Down syndrome (DS). We show in a DS model (Ts65Dn mice) that these progressive nonreproductive neurological symptoms closely parallel a postpubertal decrease in hypothalamic as well as extrahypothalamic expression of a master molecule that controls reproduction—gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)—and appear related to an imbalance in a microRNA-gene network known to regulate GnRH neuron maturation together with altered hippocampal synaptic transmission. Epigenetic, cellular, chemogenetic, and pharmacological interventions that restore physiological GnRH levels abolish olfactory and cognitive defects in Ts65Dn mice, whereas pulsatile GnRH therapy improves cognition and brain connectivity in adult DS patients. GnRH thus plays a crucial role in olfaction and cognition, and pulsatile GnRH therapy holds promise to improve cognitive deficits in DS.
Late-stage diversification of indole skeletons through nitrogen atom insertion
Authors: Reisenbauer Julia C. , Green Ori , Franchino Allegra , Finkelstein Patrick , Morandi Bill
Published: September 2022

Compared with peripheral late-stage transformations mainly focusing on carbon–hydrogen functionalizations, reliable strategies to directly edit the core skeleton of pharmaceutical lead compounds still remain scarce despite the recent flurry of activity in this area. Herein, we report the skeletal editing of indoles through nitrogen atom insertion, accessing the corresponding quinazoline or quinoxaline bioisosteres by trapping of an electrophilic nitrene species generated from ammonium carbamate and hypervalent iodine. This reactivity relies on the strategic use of a silyl group as a labile protecting group that can facilitate subsequent product release. The utility of this highly functional group-compatible methodology in the context of late-stage skeletal editing of several commercial drugs is demonstrated.
Trickle-down climate risk regulation
Authors: Perrault Anne M. , Giraud Gaël
Published: September 2022

Climate change impacts—including flooding, wildfires, and crop failures—are destroying ecosystems, homes, infrastructure, farms, and businesses. Regulators around the globe are paying increasing attention to what these events mean for banks and the financial system, with several attending not only to bank impacts from, but also bank contributions to, climate change. The European Central Bank, for example, is signaling to banks that they must plan and make their transition away from financing of fossil fuels—to respond not only to their own risks but also to the science pointing to the necessity of this transition for the planet and financial system. Yet in the US, the primary regulators of national and community banks are narrowly zeroing in on risks posed to the largest banks—those with over $100 billion in total consolidated assets—without attention to these banks’ role in financing greenhouse gas–emitting activities and what they mean for other important financial actors. Such a “trickle-down” approach to regulation—assuming that protecting big banks will protect other, smaller financial entities and the financial system more broadly—obscures the financial crisis that is already underway and inadequately responds to scientific evidence on distinctive features of climate risk and impacts.
Christine Guthrie (1945–2022)
Authors: Noble Suzanne , Burgess Sean M. , Strauss Evelyn
Published: September 2022

RNA trailblazer who illuminated splicing mechanics
A somber search
Authors: Joosse Tess
Published: September 2022

Can sophisticated research tools, such as plucking environmental DNA from water and the sea floor, speed the recovery of long-missing soldiers?
In Science Journals
Authors: Lopez Bianca , Nusinovich Yevgeniya , Ray L. Bryan , Stajic Jelena , Yeston Jake , Ferrarelli Leslie K. , Sondheimer Neal , Jiang Di , Hines Pamela J. , Grocholski Brent , Smith H. Jesse , Lavine Marc S. , Maroso Mattia , Erkes Dan A. , Wellen Kathryn
Published: September 2022

Highlights from the
Science
family of journals
In Other Journals
Authors: Vignieri Sacha , Ash Caroline , Simonti Corinne , Yiu Yuen , Jiang Di , Wible Brad , Suleymanov Yury
Published: September 2022

Editors’ selections from the current scientific literature
U.S. to require free access to papers on all research it funds
Authors: Brainard Jeffrey , Kaiser Jocelyn
Published: September 2022

The plan, to start at the end of 2025, is a blow to journal paywalls, but its impact on publishing is unclear
STENSL: Microbial Source Tracking with ENvironment SeLection
Authors: An Ulzee , Shenhav Liat , Olson Christine A. , Hsiao Elaine Y. , Halperin Eran , Sankararaman Sriram
Published: September 2022

Microbial source tracking is a powerful tool to characterize the properties of complex microbial communities. However, this analysis is currently limited to source environments sampled in a specific study.
Clinical Performance of the RealTi
m
e High Risk HPV Assay on Self-Collected Vaginal Samples within the VALHUDES Framework
Authors: Latsuzbaia Ardashel , Vanden Broeck Davy , Van Keer Severien , Weyers Steven , Tjalma Wiebren A. A. , Doyen Jean , Donders Gilbert , De Sutter Philippe , Vorsters Alex , Peeters Eliana , Arbyn Marc
Published: September 2022

Self-samples are becoming a crucial part of HPV-based cervical cancer screening programs to reach nonattendee women and increase screening coverage. Therefore, the VALHUDES framework was established to validate and evaluate HPV tests and devices on self-samples.
A
pyrF
-Based Efficient Genetic Manipulation Platform in Acinetobacter baumannii To Explore the Vital DNA Components of Adaptive Immunity for I-F CRISPR-Cas
Authors: Wu Shuqi , Xu Run , Su Mengjiao , Gao Can , Liu Yang , Chen Yujia , Luan Guangxin , Jia Xu , Wang Rui
Published: September 2022

In this study, we developed the widely applicable and efficient
pyrF
-based selection and counterselection system in
A. baumannii
for gene manipulation. In most cases, this
pyrF
/5-FOA genetic manipulation system was very effective and enabled us to obtain marker-free mutants in a very short period of time.
Production of Helvolic Acid in Metarhizium Contributes to Fungal Infection of Insects by Bacteriostatic Inhibition of the Host Cuticular Microbiomes
Authors: Sun Yanlei , Hong Song , Chen Haimin , Yin Ying , Wang Chengshu
Published: September 2022

Emerging evidence has shown that the plant and animal surface microbiomes can defend hosts against fungal parasite infections. The strategies employed by fungal pathogens to combat the antagonistic inhibition of insect surface bacteria are still elusive. In this study, we found that the potent antibiotic helvolic acid (HA) produced by the insect pathogen
Metarhizium robertsii
contributes to natural fungal infection of insect hosts. Antibiotic and gnotobiotic infection assays confirmed that HA could facilitate fungal infection of insects by suppression of the host cuticular microbiomes through its bacteriostatic instead of bactericidal activities. The data from this study provide insights into the novel chemical biology of fungal secondary metabolisms.
Kinetics of the Reaction of 2-Methylpropene with Formaldehyde in the Presence of Synthetic Zeolites
Authors: Ovchinnikov G. A. , Tukhvatshin V. S. , Ilibaev R. S. , Talipov R. F.
Published: September 2022

It is well known that zeolites exhibit catalytic activity in the Prins reaction. It was found that their use makes it possible to increase the selectivity of the Prins reaction with 2-methylpropene, and the dependences of the effective rate constants of the consumption of formaldehyde and the accumulation of 4,4‑dimethyl-1,3-dioxane on the pore diameter of zeolites are extremal. This work is relevant because the knowledge of the kinetics of the Prins reaction in the presence of type A and X zeolites can contribute to the regulation of selectivity for the formation of oxygen-containing compounds, in particular, industrially valuable 4,4-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane upon the interaction of formaldehyde and 2-methylpropene.
Risk factors for neonatal sepsis in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Bech Christine Manich , Stensgaard Christina Nadia , Lund Stine , Holm-Hansen Charlotte , Brok Jesper Sune , Nygaard Ulrikka , Poulsen Anja
Published: September 2022

Objectives

To identify the risk factors for neonatal sepsis in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources

PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, African Index Medicus and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for observational studies from January 2010 to August 2020.

Setting

Sub-Saharan Africa, at all levels of healthcare facilities.

Participants

‘Neonates’ (<28 days of age) at risk of developing either clinical and/or laboratory-dependent diagnosis of sepsis.

Outcome measures

Identification of any risk factors for neonatal sepsis.

Results

A total of 36 studies with 23 605 patients from secondary or tertiary level of care facilities in 10 countries were included. Six studies were rated as good quality, 8 as fair and 22 as poor. Four studies were omitted in the meta-analysis due to insufficient data. The significant risk factors were resuscitation (OR 2.70, 95% CI 1.36 to 5.35), low birth weight <1.5 kg (OR 3.37, 95% CI 1.59 to 7.13) and 1.5–2.5 kg (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.83), low Apgar score at the first minute (OR 3.69, 95% CI 2.34 to 5.81) and fifth minute (OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.46 to 4.45), prematurity <37 weeks (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.27 to 2.86), no crying at birth (OR 3.49, 95% CI 1.42 to 8.55), male sex (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.67), prolonged labour (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.08 to 2.27), premature rupture of membranes (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.34 to 3.47), multiple digital vaginal examinations (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.27 to 3.89), meconium-stained amniotic fluid (OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.58 to 4.69), intrapartum maternal fever (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.18 to 4.39), foul-smelling vaginal discharge (OR 3.31, 95% CI 2.16 to 5.09) and low socioeconomic status (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.11 to 3.35). We found considerable heterogeneity in the meta-analysis of 11 out of 15 identified risk factors.

Conclusion

Multiple risk factors for neonatal sepsis in Sub-Saharan Africa were identified. We revealed risk factors not listed by the WHO guidelines. The included studies overall had high risk of bias and high heterogeneity and thus, additional research of high quality is needed.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020191067.
Paracetamol, ibuprofen and dexamethasone for pain treatment after total hip arthroplasty: protocol for the randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel 4-group, blinded, multicentre RECIPE trial
Authors: Steiness Joakim , Hägi-Pedersen Daniel , Lunn Troels Haxholdt , Lindberg-Larsen Martin , Graungaard Ben Kristian , Lundstrom Lars Hyldborg , Lindholm Peter , Brorson Stig , Bieder Manuel Josef , Beck Torben , Skettrup Michael , von Cappeln Adam Gregers , Thybo Kasper Højgaard , Gasbjerg Kasper Smidt , Overgaard Søren , Jakobsen Janus Christian , Mathiesen Ole
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Multimodal analgesia with paracetamol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and glucocorticoid is recommended for hip arthroplasty, but with uncertain effects of the different combinations. We aim to investigate benefit and harm of different combinations of paracetamol, ibuprofen and dexamethasone following total hip arthroplasty.

Methods and analysis

RECIPE is a randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel 4-group, blinded trial with 90-day and 1-year follow-up performed at nine Danish hospitals. Interventions are initiated preoperatively and continued for 24 hours postoperatively. Eligible participants undergoing total hip arthroplasty are randomised to:group A: oral paracetamol 1000 mg × 4+oral ibuprofen 400 mg × 4+intravenous placebo; group B: oral paracetamol 1000 mg × 4+intravenous dexamethasone 24 mg+oral placebo; group C: oral ibuprofen 400 mg × 4+intravenous dexamethasone 24 mg+oral placebo; group D: oral paracetamol 1000 mg × 4+oral ibuprofen 400 mg × 4+intravenous dexamethasone 24 mg.

Primary outcome is cumulative opioid consumption at 0–24 hours. Secondary outcomes are pain at rest, during mobilisation and during a 5 m walk and adverse events. Follow-up includes serious adverse events and patient reported outcome measures at 90 days and 1 year. A total of 1060 participants are needed to demonstrate a difference of 8 mg in 24-hour morphine consumption assuming an SD of 24.5 mg, a risk of type I errors of 0.0083 and a risk of type 2 errors of 0.2. Primary analysis will be a modified intention-to-treat analysis.

With this trial we aim to verify recommendations for pain treatment after total hip arthroplasty, and investigate the role of dexamethasone as an analgesic adjuvant to paracetamol and ibuprofen.

Ethics and dissemination

This trial is approved by the Region Zealand Committee on Health Research Ethics (SJ-799). Plans for dissemination include publication in peer-reviewed journals and presentation at scientific meetings.

Trial registration number

NCT04123873.
What is the impact of multimorbidity on out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure among community-dwelling older adults in Ireland? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Larkin James , Walsh Brendan , Moriarty Frank , Clyne Barbara , Harrington Patricia , Smith Susan M
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Individuals with multimorbidity use more health services and take more medicines. This can lead to high out-of-pocket (OOP) healthcare expenditure. This study, therefore, aimed to assess the association between multimorbidity (two or more chronic conditions) and OOP healthcare expenditure in a nationally representative sample of adults aged 50 years or over.

Design

Cross-sectional analysis of data collected in 2016 from wave 4 of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing.

Setting

Ireland.

Participants

Community-dwelling adults aged 50 years and over.

Method

A generalised linear model with log-link and gamma distributed errors was fitted to assess the association between multimorbidity and OOP healthcare expenditure (including general practitioner, emergency department, outpatients, specialist consultations, hospital admissions, home care and prescription drugs).

Results

Overall, 3453 (58.5%) participants had multimorbidity. Among those with any OOP healthcare expenditure, individuals with multimorbidity spent more on average per annum (€806.8 for two conditions, €885.8 for three or more conditions), than individuals with no conditions (€580.3). Pharmacy-dispensed medicine expenditure was the largest component of expenditure. People with multimorbidity on average spent more of their equivalised household income on healthcare (7.1% for two conditions, 9.7% for three or more conditions), than people with no conditions (5.0%). A strong positive association was found between number of conditions and OOP healthcare expenditure (p<0.001) and between having private health insurance and OOP healthcare expenditure (p<0.001). A strong negative association was found between eligibility for free primary/hospital care and heavily subsidised medicines and OOP healthcare expenditure (p<0.001).

Conclusions

This study suggests that having multimorbidity in Ireland increases OOP healthcare expenditure, which is problematic for those with more conditions who have lower incomes. This highlights the need for this financial burden to be considered when designing healthcare/funding systems to address multimorbidity, so that access to essential healthcare can be maximised for those with greatest need.
Stockholm score of lesion detection on computed tomography following mild traumatic brain injury (SELECT-TBI): study protocol for a multicentre, retrospective, observational cohort study
Authors: Fletcher‑Sandersjöö Alexander , Tatter Charles , Yang Li , Pontén Emeli , Boman Magnus , Lassarén Philipp , Forsberg Sune , Grönlund Ingrid , Tidehag Viktor , Rubenson-Wahlin Rebecka , Strömmer Lovisa , Westberg Karin , Ängeby Kristian , Djärv Therese , Lundblad Olof , Bartek Jiri , Thelin Eric Peter
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is one of the most common reasons for emergency department (ED) visits. A portion of patients with mTBI will develop an intracranial lesion that might require medical or surgical intervention. In these patients, swift diagnosis and management is paramount. Several guidelines have been developed to help direct patients with mTBI for head CT scanning, but they lack specificity, do not consider the interactions between risk factors and do not provide an individualised estimate of intracranial lesion risk. The aim of this study is to create a model that estimates individualised intracranial lesion risks in patients with mTBI who present to the ED.

Methods and analysis

This will be a retrospective cohort study conducted at ED hospitals in Stockholm, Sweden. Eligible patients are adults (≥15 years) with mTBI who presented to the ED within 24 hours of injury and performed a CT scan. The primary outcome will be a traumatic lesion on head CT. The secondary outcomes will be any clinically significant lesion, defined as an intracranial finding that led to neurosurgical intervention, hospital admission ≥48 hours due to TBI or death due to TBI. Machine-learning models will be applied to create scores predicting the primary and secondary outcomes. An estimated 20 000 patients will be included.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has been approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Dnr: 2020-05728). The research findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed scientific publications and presentations at international conferences.

Trial registration number

NCT04995068.
Association of intranasal esketamine, a novel ‘standard of care’ treatment and outcomes in the management of patients with treatment-resistant depression: protocol of a prospective cohort observational study of naturalistic clinical practice
Authors: Vazquez Gustavo , Gutierrez Gilmar , Rosenblat Joshua , Schaffer Ayal , Swainson Jennifer , Karthikeyan Ganapathy , Ravindran Nisha , Lam Raymond W , Do André , Giacobbe Peter , Hawken Emily , Milev Roumen
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Esketamine is the S-enantiomer of racemic ketamine and has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the management of treatment resistant depression, demonstrating effective and long-lasting benefits. The objective of this observational study is to elucidate the association of intranasal (IN) esketamine with beneficial and negative outcomes in the management of treatment resistant major depressive disorder.

Methods and analysis

This is a multicentre prospective cohort observational study of naturalistic clinical practice. We expect to recruit 10 patients per research centre (6 centres, total 60 subjects). After approval to receive IN esketamine as part of their standard of care management of moderate to severe treatment resistant depression, patients will be invited to participate in this study. Association of esketamine treatment with outcomes in the management of depression will be assessed by measuring the severity of depression symptoms using the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), and tolerability by systematically tracking common side effects of ketamine treatment, dissociation using the simplified 6-Item Clinician Administered Dissociative Symptom Scale and potential for abuse using the Likeability and Craving Questionnaire (LCQ). Change in depressive symptoms (MADRS total scores) over time will be evaluated by within-subject repeated measures analysis of variance. We will calculate the relative risk associated with the beneficial (reduction in total scores for depression) outcomes, and the side effect and dropout rates (tolerability) of adding IN esketamine to patients’ current pharmacological treatments. Covariate analysis will assess the impact of site and demographic variables on treatment outcomes.

Ethics and dissemination

Approval to perform this study was obtained through the Health Sciences Research Ethics Board at Queen’s University. Findings will be shared among collaborators, through departmental meetings, presented on different academic venues and publishing our manuscript.
Comparison of three spot urine formulae and their validation using 24-hour urine sodium for estimation of daily salt intake: a cross-sectional study among Bangladeshi adults
Authors: Choudhury Sohel Reza , Al-Mamun Mohammad Abdullah , Akhtar Jubaida , Nabi Sayem Md Noor , Zahed Zerin , Rahman Mohammad Ataur , Ahmed Jasimuddin , Zaman Mohammad Mostafa
Published: September 2022

Objective

This study aimed to assess the validity of three commonly used (Tanaka, Kawasaki, INTERSALT) methods based on spot urinary sodium excretion against the 24-hour urinary sodium excretion to estimate the dietary salt intake in Bangladesh.

Design

A population-based cross-sectional survey.

Setting

A cross-sectional survey was done in an urban and a rural area of Bangladesh in 2012–2013.

Participants

418 community living residents aged 40–59 years participated in the survey and data of 227 subjects who had complete information were analysed for this validation study.

Outcome measures

The Bland-Altman method was used to evaluate the agreement between the estimated and measured 24-hour urinary sodium. The estimated average salt intake from Tanaka, Kawasaki and INTERSALT methods were plotted against 24-hour urinary sodium excretion.

Results

The mean 24-hour estimated salt intake was 10.0 g/day (95% CI 9.3 to 10.6). The mean estimated urinary salt by Tanaka, Kawasaki and INTERSALT methods were 8.5 g/day (95% CI 8.2 to 8.8), 11.4 g/day (95% CI 10.8 to 12.0) and 8.8 g/day (95% CI 8.6 to 9.0), respectively. Compared with the estimated mean salt intake from 24-hour urine collection, the Bland-Altman plot indicated the mean salt intake was overestimated by the Kawasaki method and underestimated by Tanaka and INTERSALT methods. The linear regression line showed the Kawasaki method was the least biased and had the highest intraclass correlation coefficient (0.57, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.67).

Conclusion

Tanaka, Kawasaki and INTERSALT methods were not appropriate for the estimation of 24-hour urinary sodium excretion from spot urine samples to assess dietary salt intake in Bangladesh. Among the three methods, the Kawasaki method has the highest agreement with the 24-hour urinary sodium excretion concentration in this population.