bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Low Back Pain and Relationship to Mental Health Symptoms and Quality of Life After a Deployment-related Lower Limb Amputation
Authors: Mazzone Brittney , Farrokhi Shawn , Hendershot Brad D. , McCabe Cameron T. , Watrous Jessica R.
Published: August 2020

Study Design.

Retrospective, cross-sectional study.

Objective.

To assess the prevalence and association of low back pain (LBP) with psychosocial factors in Service members with amputations.

Summary of Background Data.

LBP is a common secondary health condition after amputation with important implications related to function and quality of life. A growing body of evidence suggests that psychosocial factors influence LBP in patients without amputation. However, there is a dearth of information regarding the association of psychosocial factors and LBP after amputation.

Methods.

Seventy-nine individuals with lower limb amputations who were a part of the Wounded Warrior Recovery Project were included in the analysis. Data on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and quality of life (QOL) were collected from the Wounded Warrior Recovery Project, while data on LBP and LBP chronicity were extracted from the Military Health System Data Repository. General linear models were utilized to analyze associations between LBP and psychosocial factors, while controlling for injury severity and time since amputation.

Results.

In individuals with amputations, 19.0% had acute LBP and 49.4% had recurrent LBP. Individuals with amputations and recurrent LBP reported higher PTSD symptom severity compared with those without LBP (B = 9.213, P < 0.05). More severe depression symptoms were observed in those with amputations and recurrent LBP compared with those without LBP (B = 5.626, P < 0.05). Among individuals with amputations, those with recurrent LBP reported lower QOL compared with those without LBP (B = −0.058, P < 0.05). There were no differences in PTSD, depression or QOL in those with amputations with and without acute LBP.

Conclusions.

Presence of recurrent LBP after amputation appears to be associated with more severe PTSD and depression symptoms as well as lower QOL. Further research is needed to assess the efficacy of addressing psychosocial factors for improving pain and function in service members with amputations and LBP.

Level of Evidence: 3
Evaluation of Health-related Quality of Life Improvement in Patients Undergoing Spine Versus Adult Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: Varlotta Christopher , Fernandez Laviel , Manning Jordan , Wang Erik , Bendo John , Fischer Charla , Slover James , Schwarzkopf Ran , Davidovitch Roy , Zuckerman Joseph , Bosco Joseph , Protopsaltis Themistocles , Buckland Aaron J.
Published: August 2020

Study Design.

Retrospective analysis of outcomes in single-level spine and primary hip and knee arthroplasty patients.

Objective.

The aim of this study was to compare baseline and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing spine surgery procedures with total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to further define outcomes in orthopedic surgery.

Summary of Background Data.

Computer-adaptive Patient Reported Outcome Information System (PROMIS) allows for standardized assessment of the health-related quality of life across different disease states.

Methods.

Patients who underwent spine surgery (anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, cervical disc replacement, lumbar laminectomy, microscopic lumbar discectomy, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion or adult reconstruction surgery [THA, TKA]) were grouped. Mean Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), Baseline (BL), and 6-month PROMIS scores of physical function, pain interference, and pain intensity were determined. Paired t tests compared differences in CCI, BL, 6 months, and change in PROMIS scores for spine and adult reconstruction procedures.

Results.

A total of 304 spine surgery patients (age = 58.1 ± 15.6; 42.9% female) and 347 adult reconstruction patients (age = 62.9 ± 11.8; 54.1% Female) were compared. Spine surgery groups had more disability and pain at baseline than adult reconstruction patients according to physical function ([21.0, 22.2, 9.07, 12.6, 10.4] vs. [35.8, 35.0], respectively, P < 0.01), pain interference ([80.1, 74.1, 89.6, 92.5, 90.6] vs. [64.0, 63.9], respectively, P < 0.01), and pain intensity ([53.0, 53.1, 58.3, 58.5, 56.1] vs. [53.4, 53.8], respectively, P < 0.01). At 6 months, spine surgery patients remained more disabled and had more pain compared to adult reconstruction patients. Over the 6-month timespan, spine patients experienced greater improvements than adult reconstruction patients in terms of physical function ([+8.7, +22.2, +9.7, +12.9, +12.1] vs. [+5.3, +3.9], respectively, P < 0.01) and pain interference scores ([−15.4,−28.1, −14.7, −13.1, −12.3] vs. [−8.3, −6.0], respectively, P < 0.01).

Conclusion.

Spinal surgery patients had lower BL and 6-month PROMIS scores, but greater relative improvement in PROMIS scores compared to adult reconstruction patients.

Level of Evidence: 3
Radiological Risk Factors for Neurological Deficits After Traumatic Mid and Low Lumbar Fractures
Authors: Lee Han-Dong , Jeon Chang-Hoon , Moon Sung-Won , Chung Hee-Woong , Park Ki-Hoon , Chung Nam-Su
Published: August 2020

Study Design.

Retrospective study.

Objective.

We identified radiological risk factors for neurological deficits in mid and low lumbar spinal fractures.

Summary of Background Data.

Although numerous studies have focused on radiological risk factors for neurological deficits in spinal cord injury or thoracolumbar junction area fractures, few have examined mid and low lumbar fractures at the cauda equina level.

Methods.

We retrospectively reviewed 71 consecutive patients who suffered acute traumatic mid and low lumbar fractures (L2–L5) corresponding to the cauda equina level, as confirmed on magnetic resonance imaging. We defined a neurological deficit as present if the patient had any sensory or motor deficit in the lower extremity or autonomic system at the initial assessment. Various computed tomography parameters of canal stenosis, vertebral body compression, sagittal alignment, interpedicular distance, and presence of vertical laminar fractures were analyzed as independent risk factors to predict neurological deficits using multivariate logistic regression analyses.

Results.

At the initial assessment, 31 patients had neurological deficits. Fracture level, AO fracture type, canal encroachment ratio, vertebral compression ratio, interpedicular distance ratio, and presence of a vertical laminar fracture were significantly associated with the presence of neurological deficits (all P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression identified fracture level, canal encroachment ratio (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.072, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.018–1.129), and vertebral compression ratio (aOR 0.884, 95% CI 0.788–0.992) as independent predictors of a neurological deficit. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses revealed that only the canal encroachment ratio had good discriminatory ability (area under the curve 0.874, 95% CI 0.791–0.957), and the optimal cutoff was 47% (canal diameter 6.6 mm) with 90.3% sensitivity and 80% specificity.

Conclusion.

The canal encroachment ratio was most strongly associated with neurological deficits in traumatic mid and low lumbar fractures, with an optimal cutoff of 47%.

Level of Evidence: 4
A Screening Tool for Patients With Lumbar Instability
Authors: Chatprem Thiwaphon , Puntumetakul Rungthip , Boucaut Rose , Wanpen Sawitri , Chatchawan Uraiwan
Published: August 2020

Study Design.

The study is a cross-sectional, diagnostic validity study.

Objective.

The aim of this study was to examine the performance characteristics and validity of an existing lumbar instability questionnaire as a screening tool for lumbar instability among chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients.

Summary of Background Data.

Lumbar instability is an initial stage of more severe spinal pathology. Early screening for this condition should help prevent more structural damage. To meet this need, the present study developed numerical cutoff scores for the lumbar instability screening tool.

Methods.

Lumbar instability screening tool responses and x-ray assessments were reviewed from a sample of 110 patients with CLBP (aged 20–59 years). Receiver operator curves were constructed to optimize sensitivity and specificity of the tool.

Results.

Fourteen (12.73%) patients had radiological lumbar instability. These patients reported a higher mean lumbar instability questionnaire score than those without radiological lumbar instability. A questionnaire score of at least 7 had a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI, 100–100) and a specificity of 26.04% (95% CI = 17.84–34.24) for detecting lumbar instability when compared with x-ray examination. Receiver operator curve analysis revealed the lumbar instability screening had an area under the curve of 0.62 (95% CI, 0.47–0.77).

Conclusion.

A lumbar instability screening tool total score of at least 7 was ruled out lumbar instability in CLBP patients. This cutoff score may be used as a marker of conservative treatment response. The sample size of patients with lumbar instability in this study was small, which may hinder the reliability of the data. Further studies are needed.

Level of Evidence: 4
Postoperative Distal Coronal Decompensation After Fusion to L3 for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Is Affected by Sagittal Pelvic Parameters
Authors: Kato So , Zeller Reinhard D. , Magana Sofia P. , Ganau Mario , Oshima Yasushi , Tanaka Sakae , Lewis Stephen J.
Published: August 2020

Study Design.

Retrospective study.

Objective.

To identify on early postoperative radiographs the risk factors for late distal decompensation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients undergoing posterior fusion surgery to L3.

Summary of Background Data.

Sparing distal fusion levels in AIS surgery is considered beneficial for postoperative mobility and outcomes; nonetheless, late distal decompensation is of concern. L3 is often advocated as lower instrumented vertebra in posterior fusion, but progressive angulation of the L3/4 disc is commonly observed.

Methods.

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 78 AIS patients who underwent posterior fusion to L3 from 2007 to 2014. Patients’ demographic data, early and 2-year postoperative standing radiographs by biplanar imaging system were investigated. Late decompensation was defined as progressive increase of L3–4 disc wedging angle at 2-year follow-up. Coronal, sagittal, and rotational radiographic parameters were compared between those with and without decompensation. SRS-30 scores were reviewed.

Results.

Mean age was 14.5-year, and fusion levels averaged 12.0 (range: 6–15); 43 out of 78 patients (55%) experienced progressive L3-4 disc wedging, with 6 showing wedging >5°. L3 translation from the central sacral vertical line (13.9 vs. 11.1 mm, P = 0.13) and increased pelvic tilt (13.3° vs. 8.6°, P = 0.06) on the early postoperative radiograph were associated with increased L3-4 disc wedging. Multivariate analysis revealed that larger pelvic tilt was a significant risk factor for decompensation (odds ratio = 1.1 per 1°, 95% confidence interval: 1.0–1.1, P = 0.04). SRS-30 scores did not differ significantly between the two groups (4.0 vs. 4.1, P = 0.44).

Conclusions.

Pelvic retroversion and increased translation of L3 from the central sacral line on the early postoperative radiograph were associated with late L3-4 disc wedging in AIS fusions to L3. Careful surgical planning and correction of sagittal alignment are imperative to ensure the long-term outcomes.

Level of Evidence: 4
Frameless Patient Tracking With Adhesive Optical Skin Markers for Augmented Reality Surgical Navigation in Spine Surgery
Authors: Burström Gustav , Nachabe Rami , Homan Robert , Hoppenbrouwers Jurgen , Holthuizen Ronald , Persson Oscar , Edström Erik , Elmi-Terander Adrian
Published: August 2020

Study Design.

Observational study.

Objective.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a new frameless reference marker system for patient tracking by analyzing the effect of vertebral position within the surgical field.

Summary of Background Data.

Most modern navigation systems for spine surgery rely on a dynamic reference frame attached to a vertebra for tracking the patient. This solution has the drawback of being bulky and obstructing the surgical field, while requiring that the dynamic reference frame is moved between vertebras to maintain accuracy.

Methods.

An augmented reality surgical navigation (ARSN) system with intraoperative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) capability was installed in a hybrid operating room. The ARSN system used input from four video cameras for tracking adhesive skin markers placed around the surgical field. The frameless reference marker system was evaluated first in four human cadavers, and then in 20 patients undergoing navigated spine surgery. In each CBCT, the impact of vertebral position in the surgical field on technical accuracy was analyzed. The technical accuracy of the inserted pedicle devices was determined by measuring the distance between the planned position and the placed pedicle device, at the bone entry point.

Results.

The overall mean technical accuracy was 1.65 ± 1.24 mm at the bone entry point (n = 366). There was no statistically significant difference in technical accuracy between levels within CBCTs (P ≥ 0.12 for all comparisons). Linear regressions showed that null- to negligible parts of the effect on technical accuracy could be explained by the number of absolute levels away from the index vertebrae (r
2 ≤ 0.007 for all, β ≤ 0.071 for all).

Conclusion.

The frameless reference marker system based on adhesive skin markers is unobtrusive and affords the ARSN system a high accuracy throughout the navigated surgical field, independent of vertebral position.

Level of Evidence: 3
Comparison of Cranial Facet Joint Violation Rate and Four Other Clinical Indexes Between Robot-assisted and Freehand Pedicle Screw Placement in Spine Surgery
Authors: Zhou Lu-Ping , Zhang Ren-Jie , Li Hui-Min , Shen Cai-Liang
Published: August 2020

Study Design.

A meta-analysis.

Objective.

Through meta-analysis, whether RA techniques are superior to conventional freehand (FH) techniques was determined in terms of cranial facet joint protection and four other clinical indexes, namely, the accuracy of pedicle screw placement, the number of surgical revision due to malposition, intraoperative radiation dose, and operative time.

Summary of Background Data.

Cranial facet joint violation (FJV) is an important risk factor for adjacent segment degeneration. Some studies recommended the use of robot-assisted (RA) pedicle screw placement in reducing the rate of cranial FJV instead of conventional FH pedicle screw placement. However, the superiority of RA techniques to FH techniques remains controversial.

Methods.

A comprehensive search on PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Web of Science, CNKI, and WanFang was conducted for the selection of potential eligible literature. The outcomes were evaluated in terms of odds ratio (OR) or standardized mean difference and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). The meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3. The subgroup analyses of the violation of the cranial facet joint and the accuracy of pedicle screw placement were performed on the basis of robot type.

Result.

Three randomized controlled trials, two prospective cohort study, and one retrospective cohort study consisting of 783 patients and 2694 cranial pedicle screws were included in the meta-analysis. RA pedicle screw placement was associated with significantly fewer cranial FJVs than FH screw placement. Subgroup analyses showed that the Renaissance (OR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.07–0.56) and TINAVI (OR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.09–0.38) robots under RA techniques were associated with significantly fewer cranial FJVs than FH techniques. Furthermore, the RA techniques showed more accurate pedicle screw placement and lower intraoperative radiation dose, equivalent number of surgical revision due to malposition, but longer operative time than the FH techniques.

Conclusion.

The RA (Renaissance and TINAVI) techniques are superior to conventional FH techniques in terms of protecting the cranial facet joint. RA techniques are accurate and safe in clinical application.

Level of Evidence: 2
HOXB5 promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of pancreatic cancer cell through the activation of the GSK3β/β-catenin pathway
Authors: Gao Yang , Fei Xiang , Kong Lingming , Tan Xiaodong
Published: August 2020

Many homeobox (HOX) genes have been shown to be related to cancer progression. HOXB5, a member of the HOX genes, is overexpressed in retinoblastoma cancer and positively regulates the breast cancer cell proliferation as well as invasion. However, the role and underlying mechanism of HOXB5 in pancreatic cancer cells are still unclear. HOXB5 expression was measured in four pancreatic cancer cell lines, including PANC-1, ASPC-1, MIA-PaCa-2, and CFPAC-1. PANC-1 and ASPC-1 cells were selected for cell transfection experiments. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, wound healing assay, and transwell assay. Expressions of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were determined by western blotting. Immunofluorescence staining and cellular morphology were used to confirm the effect of HOXB5 dysregulation on pancreatic cancer cells. We found that HOXB5 was markedly expressed in pancreatic cancer cell lines. HOXB5 overexpression contributed to proliferation, migration, and invasion in ASPC-1 cells, whereas HOXB5 knockdown decreased proliferation, migration, and invasion of PANC-1 cells. Western blotting confirmed that overexpression of HOXB5 promoted the EMT process. Conversely, knockdown of HOXB5 alleviated EMT. Furthermore, knockdown of HOXB5 suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells via the Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β)/β-catenin pathway. Our study demonstrates that HOXB5 is a tumor promoter in pancreatic cancer, and the GSK3β/β-catenin pathway is important in HOXB5-induced proliferation, migration, and invasion in pancreatic cancer cells.
A novel screening approach comparing kinase activity of small molecule inhibitors with similar molecular structures and distinct biologic effects in triple-negative breast cancer to identify targetable signaling pathways
Authors: Matossian Margarite D. , Burks Hope E. , Elliott Steven , Hoang Van T. , Zuercher William J. , Wells Carrow , Drewry David H. , Kapadia Nirav , Chang Tiffany , Yan Thomas , Windsor Gabrielle O. , Nguyen Khoa , Fang Fang , Nephew Kenneth P. , Buechlein Aaron , Rusch Douglas B. , Sabol Rachel A. , Ucar Deniz A. , Zabaleta Jovanny , Miele Lucio , Bunnell Bruce A. , Collins-Burow Bridgette M. , Burow Matthew E.
Published: August 2020

Breast cancer affects women globally; the majority of breast cancer-related mortalities are due to metastasis. Acquisition of a mesenchymal phenotype has been implicated in the progression of breast cancer cells to an invasive, metastatic state. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes have high rates of metastases, recurrence, and have poorer prognoses compared to other breast cancer types, partially due to lack of commonly targeted receptors. Kinases have diverse and pivotal functions in metastasis in TNBC, and discovery of new kinase targets for TNBC is warranted. We previously used a screening approach to identify intermediate-synthesis nonpotent, nonselective small-molecule inhibitors from the Published Kinase Inhibitor Set that reversed the mesenchymal phenotype in TNBC cells. Two of these inhibitors (GSK346294A and GSK448459A) are structurally similar, but have unique kinase activity profiles and exhibited differential biologic effects on TNBC cells, specifically on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here, we further interrogate these effects and compare activity of these inhibitors on transwell migration, gene (qRT-PCR) and protein (western blot) expressions, and cancer stem cell-like behavior. We incorporated translational patient-derived xenograft models in these studies, and we focused on the lead inhibitor hit, GSK346294A, to demonstrate the utility of our comparative analysis as a screening modality to identify novel kinase targets and signaling pathways to pursue in TNBC. This study introduces a new method for discovering novel kinase targets that reverse the EMT phenotype; this screening approach can be applied to all cancer types and is not limited to breast cancer.
TOSO interacts with SYK and enhances BCR pathway activation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Zhang Yan-Ru , Yu Zhen , Xiong Wen-Jie , Liu Xu-Xiang , Liu Hui-Min , Cui Rui , Wang Qi , Chen Wen-Ming , Qiu Lu-Gui , Yi Shu-Hua
Published: August 2020

Background

TOSO, also named Fas inhibitory molecule 3 (FAIM3), has recently been identified as an immunoglobulin M (IgM) Fc receptor (FcμR). Previous studies have shown that TOSO is specifically over-expressed in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, the functions of TOSO in CLL remain unknown. The B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway has been reported to be constitutively activated in CLL. Here, we aimed to investigate the functions of TOSO in the BCR signaling pathway and the pathogenesis of CLL.

Methods

We over-expressed TOSO in B-cell lymphoma cell lines (Granta-519 and Z138) by lentiviral transduction and knocked down TOSO by siRNA in primary CLL cells. The over-expression and knockdown of TOSO were confirmed at the RNA level by polymerase chain reaction and protein level by Western blotting. Co-immunoprecipitation with TOSO antibody followed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (IP/LCMS) was used to identify TOSO interacting proteins. Western blotting was performed to detect the activation status of BCR signaling pathways as well as B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2). Flow cytometry was used to examine the apoptosis of TOSO-over-expressing B lymphoma cell lines and TOSO-down-regulated CLL cells via the staining of Annexin V and 7-AAD. One-way analyses of variance were used for intergroup comparisons, while independent samples t tests were used for two-sample comparisons.

Results

From IP/LCMS, we identified spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) as a crucial candidate of TOSO-interacting protein and confirmed it by co-immunoprecipitation. After stimulation with anti-IgM, TOSO over-expression increased the phosphorylation of SYK, and subsequently activated the BCR signaling pathway, which could be reversed by a SYK inhibitor. TOSO knockdown in primary CLL cells resulted in reduced SYK phosphorylation as well as attenuated BCR signaling pathway. The apoptosis rates of the Granta-519 and Z138 cells expressing TOSO were (8.46 ± 2.90)% and (4.20 ± 1.21)%, respectively, significantly lower than the rates of the control groups, which were (25.20 ± 4.60)% and (19.72 ± 1.10)%, respectively (P < 0.05 for both). The apoptosis rate was reduced after knocking down TOSO in the primary CLL cells. In addition, we also found that TOSO down-regulation in primary cells from CLL patients led to decreased expression of BCL-2 as well as lower apoptosis, and vice versa in the cell line.

Conclusions

TOSO might be involved in the pathogenesis of CLL by interacting with SYK, enhancing the BCR signaling pathway, and inducing apoptosis resistance.
Comparison of various intraocular lens formulas using a new high-resolution swept-source optical coherence tomographer
Authors: Szalai Eszter , Toth Noemi , Kolkedi Zsofia , Varga Csaba , Csutak Adrienne
Published: August 2020

Purpose:

To compare vergence, artificial intelligence, and combined intraocular lens (IOL) calculation formulas using a new swept-source optical coherence tomographer (SS-OCT) and to analyze their performance based on manifest and estimated refractive outcomes of cataract surgery.

Setting:

Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary.

Design:

Retrospective data analysis.

Methods:

Optical biometry readings of patients who underwent uneventful cataract removal and implantation of a monofocal acrylic IOL were used to predict IOL power with Barrett Universal II (BUII), Haigis, Hoffer Q, Holladay 1, Radial Basis Function (RBF) 2.0, Kane, Ladas Super Formula, and SRK/T. All the implanted IOLs were calculated by using the Haigis formula. The arithmetic prediction error and median and mean absolute refractive errors for all formulas were computed. The percentage of eyes within ±0.25 diopters (D), ±0.50 D, and ±1.0 D of prediction error was calculated.

Results:

A total of 95 eyes of 95 patients with a mean age of 68.80 ± 7.57 years were included. There was a statistically significant difference in absolute prediction error across the 8 IOL calculation formulas (P < .0001). Haigis showed the lowest mean absolute error, and it differed significantly from the BUII, Hoffer Q, Holladay 1, Ladas, RBF 2.0, and SRK/T formulas (P < .05). In terms of eyes within ±0.25 D, ±0.50 D, and ±1.0 D of prediction error, the Haigis formula showed the overall best performance.

Conclusions:

The results indicated that a recently developed SS-OCT provided accurate ocular biometry measurements before cataract surgery, and the Haigis formula incorporated in its software enabled precise calculation of IOL refractive power.
Home-Based Telework and Presenteeism Across Europe
Authors: Steidelmüller Corinna , Meyer Sophie-Charlotte , Müller Grit
Published: August 2020

Objective:

Flexible work arrangements such as telework are gaining importance. Although telework is accompanied by advantages for employees such as increased flexibility, current research reveals associations between home-based telework and self-endangering behavior such as sickness presenteeism. As empirical evidence is still scarce, we explore the relationship between home-based telework and sickness presenteeism across Europe.

Methods:

We perform multilevel analyses including 25,465 individuals who responded to the 6th wave of the European Working Conditions Survey 2015.

Results:

Home-based telework is positively related to sickness presenteeism. The results are quite robust across different measures of sickness presenteeism and to several sensitivity analyses.

Conclusion:

Although sickness presenteeism can be functional for specific illnesses, organizations should be aware of possible risks related to home-based telework. They should design telework in a way that it reduces triggers for self-endangering behavior.
A case-report of two patients with hereditary protein S deficiency treated by rivaroxaban
Authors: Lou Jianyao , Yin Li , Ke Xueying , Zhang Liang , Xu Fangfang , Liu Zhenjie
Published: August 2020

Hereditary protein S deficiency is an autosomal dominant disorder associated with a high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and usually results from mutations ofPROS1. Historically heparin and warfarin have been applied as recommended treatment of VTE. Recent researches showed that rivaroxaban provided more consistent and predictable anticoagulation than warfarin. However, it is unknown whether rivaroxaban is effective for the treatment of VTE in patients with thrombophilia, including protein S deficiency, due to lack of evidence. Here, we report two cases of recurrent VTE in two patients with hereditary protein S deficiency, owing to the same nonsense mutation inPROS1, which were successfully treated by rivaroxaban monotherapy.
Successful treatment of a massive sinus thrombosis in a Chinese woman with antithrombin III deficiency: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Shang Feng , Ding Qianjin , Qi Meng , Wang Ning , Qu Xin
Published: August 2020

The incidence of antithrombin III (AT III) deficiency is very rare. The most common complication of AT III deficiency is deep venous thrombosis, which causes a low incidence of intracranial sinus thrombosis. We presented a 31-year-old Chinese woman patient who had a family history of AT III deficiency admitted to our hospital. She had a history of pulmonary embolism. She took rivaroxaban for a long time to prevent thrombosis. After giving birth, she stopped taking the medication for half a year and suffered from drug withdrawal symptoms. Four months after drug withdrawal, she suddenly fell into a coma. After diagnosis, it was found to be caused by a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Finally, she was diagnosed with sagittal and transverse sinus thrombosis. After treatment with mechanical thrombectomy, she fully recovered. In sum, we concluded that mechanical thrombectomy was efficient for AT III deficiency and treating thrombosis.
Congenital Prepapillary Arterial Convolutions: A Requiem for William F. Hoyt
Authors: Brodsky Michael C.
Published: August 2020

This vignette describes a diagnostic telephone consultation with Bill Hoyt regarding a 65-year-old man who was found to have an unusual vascular pattern overlying the left optic disc. Bill recognized and characterized this condition as prepapillary arterial convolutions, a congenital vascular anomaly that has never entered the scientific literature. Close inspection disclosed evidence of mild vascular derangement in the contralateral eye as well. The cause of this condition remains unknown.
The Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer: How William F. Hoyt Opened Our Eyes to It
Authors: Monteiro Mário L. R.
Published: August 2020

Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) assessment based on optical coherence tomography has become an essential structural parameter in the evaluation of the visual pathway. Yet, it was the trailblazing efforts of one individual, William F. Hoyt, MD, who in the 1970s published a series of landmark reports, which lay the foundation for evaluating the RNFL. With the aid of a direct ophthalmoscope, red-free photographic techniques, and an inquisitive mind, Hoyt added an entirely new dimension to the importance of careful ophthalmoscopy. This article chronicles the discoveries and publications that allowed Hoyt and his coworkers to establish the importance of analysis of the RNFL.
Beneficial effect of quetiapine monotherapy in patients with bipolar depression and comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Poyurovsky Michael , Braverman Leonid , Weizman Abraham
Published: August 2020

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a prevalent and clinically significant comorbid condition in patients with bipolar disorder. Treatment of bipolar disorder/OCD patients is challenging. We report the results of an open-label, short-term, prospective investigation of quetiapine monotherapy in 16 patients (three men and 13 women, aged 18–56 years) hospitalized for acute bipolar depression who in addition met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition criteria for OCD. The participants were treated with quetiapine in a dose range of 150–600 mg (mean 347 mg) for a mean duration of 4.3 ± 1.4 weeks (range 3–7 weeks). Eleven (68.8%) of the 16 study participants fulfilled the predefined criteria for response, namely a score of ‘very much improved’ (four patients) and ‘much improved’ (seven patients) on the Clinical Global Impression – Improvement scale. Treatment with quetiapine was associated with a statistically significant decrease from baseline in the relevant rating scales for the assessment of depressive, manic and OCD symptoms. Quetiapine was well tolerated. The most frequently reported side effects were sedation, orthostatic hypotension and constipation. Durability of the positive therapeutic effect of quetiapine monotherapy in patients with bipolar disorder/OCD comorbidity and the necessity for subsequent augmentation with anti-OCD agents need to be addressed in future controlled studies.
Unification of aggregate growth models by emergence from cellular and intracellular mechanisms
Authors: Sego T. J. , Glazier James A. , Tovar Andres
Published: August 2020

Multicellular aggregate growth is regulated by nutrient availability and removal of metabolites, but the specifics of growth dynamics are dependent on cell type and environment. Classical models of growth are based on differential equations. While in some cases these classical models match experimental observations, they can only predict growth of a limited number of cell types and so can only be selectively applied. Currently, no classical model provides a general mathematical representation of growth for any cell type and environment. This discrepancy limits their range of applications, which a general modelling framework can enhance. In this work, a hybrid cellular Potts model is used to explain the discrepancy between classical models as emergent behaviours from the same mathematical system. Intracellular processes are described using probability distributions of local chemical conditions for proliferation and death and simulated. By fitting simulation results to a generalization of the classical models, their emergence is demonstrated. Parameter variations elucidate how aggregate growth may behave like one classical growth model or another. Three classical growth model fits were tested, and emergence of the Gompertz equation was demonstrated. Effects of shape changes are demonstrated, which are significant for final aggregate size and growth rate, and occur stochastically.
Preparation of phosphorus-doped boron nitride and its adsorption of heavy metals from flue gas
Authors: Li Yanlong , Li Hongxi , Li Rundong , Su Xin , Shen Shengqiang
Published: August 2020

Boron nitride, also known as white graphene, has attracted extensive attention in the fields of adsorption, catalysis and hydrogen storage due to its excellent chemical properties. In this study, a phosphorus-doped boron nitride (P-BN) material was successfully prepared using red phosphorus as a dopant for the preparation of porous boron nitride precursors. The phosphorus content in the P-BN was adjusted based on the addition rate of phosphorus. The specific surface area of P-BN first increased and then decreased with increasing addition rate of phosphorus. The maximum specific surface area was 837.8 m
2
g
−1
when the phosphorus addition rate was 0.50. The P-BN prepared in the experiments was used as an adsorbent, and its adsorption capacity for heavy metals from flue gas was investigated. In particular, P-BN presented a stronger adsorption selectivity for zinc compared with other heavy metals, and its adsorption capacity for zinc was 5–38 times higher than for other heavy metals. The maximum adsorption capacity of P-BN for zinc and copper in a single heavy metal atmosphere was 69.45 and 53.80 mg g
−1
, respectively.
Long-term repeatability in social behaviour suggests stable social phenotypes in wild chimpanzees
Authors: Tkaczynski Patrick J. , Mielke Alexander , Samuni Liran , Preis Anna , Wittig Roman M. , Crockford Catherine
Published: August 2020

Consistent individual differences in social phenotypes have been observed in many animal species. Changes in demographics, dominance hierarchies or ecological factors, such as food availability or disease prevalence, are expected to influence decision-making processes regarding social interactions. Therefore, it should be expected that individuals show flexibility rather than stability in social behaviour over time to maximize the fitness benefits of social living. Understanding the processes that create and maintain social phenotypes requires data encompassing a range of socioecological settings and variation in intrinsic state or life-history stage or strategy. Using observational data spanning up to 19 years for some individuals, we demonstrate that multiple types of social behaviour are repeatable over the long term in wild chimpanzees, a long-lived species with complex fission–fusion societies. We controlled for temporal, ecological and demographic changes, limiting pseudo-repeatability. We conclude that chimpanzees living in natural ecological settings have relatively stable long-term social phenotypes over years that may be independent of life-history or reproductive strategies. Our results add to the growing body of the literature suggesting consistent individual differences in social tendencies are more likely the rule rather than the exception in group-living animals.
Synthesis of Bi
2
S
3
thin films based on pulse-plating bismuth nanocrystallines and its photoelectrochemical properties
Authors: Ding Fangchang , Wang Qiujin , Zhou Shaofei , Zhao Guochen , Ye Ying , Ghomashchi Reza
Published: August 2020

The solubility of Bi
3+
in aqueous solution is an important factor that limits the fabrication of high-quality Bi
2
S
3
thin films. In order to find a low-cost method to manufacture high-quality Bi
2
S
3
thin films, we are reporting the preparation of the Bi
2
S
3
thin films based on pulse-plating method in this paper for the first time. The nano-bismuth particles were obtained by electroplating on fluorine-doped SnO
2
(FTO)-coated conducting glass substrates with saturated bismuth potassium citrate solution as the electroplating bath, and then it was put into a muffle furnace to oxidize. Finally, the thin films depositing on FTO glass substrates were put into the thioacetamide solution for vulcanization. In the end, the Bi
2
S
3
thin films were successfully prepared on FTO glass substrates. Different characterization techniques were used to characterize the structure, morphology and photoelectrochemical properties of the prepared thin films. The test results revealed that we used this method to synthesize the high-quality Bi
2
S
3
thin films, thus the Bi
2
S
3
materials synthesized through this method are promising candidates in photoelectrochemical application.
Moisture alone is sufficient to impart strength but not weathering resistance to termite mound soil
Authors: Zachariah Nikita , Murthy Tejas G. , Borges Renee M.
Published: August 2020

Soil is used for the construction of structures by many animals, at times admixed with endogenous secretions. These additives, along with soil components, are suggested to have a role in biocementation. However, the relative contribution of endogenous and exogenous materials to soil strength has not been adequately established. Termite mounds are earthen structures with exceptional strength and durability including weathering resistance to wind and rain. With
in situ
and laboratory-based experiments, we demonstrate that the fungus-farming termite
Odontotermes obesus
which builds soil nest mounds, when given a choice, prefers soil close to its liquid limit for construction. At this moisture content, the soil–water mixture alone even in the absence of termite handling undergoes self-weight consolidation and upon drying attains a monolithic, densely packed structure with compressive strength comparable to the
in situ
strength of the mound soil; however, the soil–water mixture alone has lower resistance to water erosion than the
in situ
mound samples, suggesting that termite secretions impart weathering resistance and thereby long-term stability to the mound. Therefore, weathering resistance and compressive strength are conferred by different aspects of termite soil manipulation. Our work provides novel insights into termite mound construction and strength correlates for earthen structures built by animals.
Perceived efficacy of COVID-19 restrictions, reactions and their impact on mental health during the early phase of the outbreak in six countries
Authors: Mækelæ Martin Jensen , Reggev Niv , Dutra Natalia , Tamayo Ricardo M. , Silva-Sobrinho Reinaldo A. , Klevjer Kristoffer , Pfuhl Gerit
Published: August 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic forced millions of people to drastically change their social life habits as governments employed harsh restrictions to reduce the spread of the virus. Although beneficial to physical health, the perception of physical distancing and related restrictions could impact mental health. In a pre-registered online survey, we assessed how effective a range of restrictions were perceived, how severely they affected daily life, general distress and paranoia during the early phase of the outbreak in Brazil, Colombia, Germany, Israel, Norway and USA. Most of our over 2000 respondents rated the restrictions as effective. School closings were perceived as having the strongest effect on daily life. Participants who believed their country reacted too mildly perceived the risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2 to be higher, were more worried and expressed reduced beliefs in the ability to control the outbreak. Relatedly, dissatisfaction with governmental reactions corresponded with increased distress levels. Together, we found that satisfaction with one's governmental reactions and fear appraisal play an important role in assessing the efficacy of restrictions during the pandemic and their related psychological outcomes. These findings inform policy-makers on the psychological factors that strengthen resilience and foster the well-being of citizens in times of global crisis.
Data-driven identification of reliable sensor species to predict regime shifts in ecological networks
Authors: Ghadami Amin , Chen Shiyang , Epureanu Bogdan I.
Published: August 2020

Signals of critical slowing down are useful for predicting impending transitions in ecosystems. However, in a system with complex interacting components not all components provide the same quality of information to detect system-wide transitions. Identifying the best indicator species in complex ecosystems is a challenging task when a model of the system is not available. In this paper, we propose a data-driven approach to rank the elements of a spatially distributed ecosystem based on their reliability in providing early-warning signals of critical transitions. The proposed method is rooted in experimental modal analysis techniques traditionally used to identify structural dynamical systems. We show that one could use natural system fluctuations and the system responses to small perturbations to reveal the slowest direction of the system dynamics and identify indicator regions that are best suited for detecting abrupt transitions in a network of interacting components. The approach is applied to several ecosystems to demonstrate how it successfully ranks regions based on their reliability to provide early-warning signals of regime shifts. The significance of identifying the indicator species and the challenges associated with ranking nodes in networks of interacting components are also discussed.
Self-standing zeolite foam monoliths with hierarchical micro–meso–macroporous structures
Authors: Chen Jiawei , Liu Fangfang , Li Yongfeng , Dou Yongshen , Liu Sanmao , Xiao Liangjun
Published: August 2020

The zeolite monoliths were synthesized by a facile polymer scaffold template assisted hydrothermal method. The selected foam-shaped template of a polyurethane (PU) foam monolith, was used to prepare the self-standing zeolite foam (ZF) monolithic materials. The obtained ZF products can preserve the same size, shape and macroporous network structure of the original PU foam scaffold template, although the zeolite nano-crystallites had been fully substituted for the PU template to form the new skeleton struts and walls. The as-synthesized ZF products demonstrated abundant hierarchical porosity (involving triple micro-, meso- and macropores). Meanwhile, compared with the conventional zeolite powders, the self-standing ZF monolithic materials exhibited greater total pore volume and nearly three times higher mesopore volume, suggesting wider applications as catalysts, catalyst supports and adsorbents in industry.
Host circadian clocks do not set the schedule for the within-host replication of malaria parasites
Authors: O'Donnell Aidan J. , Prior Kimberley F. , Reece Sarah E.
Published: August 2020

Circadian clocks coordinate organisms' activities with daily cycles in their environment. Parasites are subject to daily rhythms in the within-host environment, resulting from clock-control of host activities, including immune responses. Parasites also exhibit rhythms in their activities: the timing of within-host replication by malaria parasites is coordinated to host feeding rhythms. Precisely which host feeding-related rhythm(s) parasites align with and how this is achieved are unknown. Understanding rhythmic replication in malaria parasites matters because it underpins disease symptoms and fuels transmission investment. We test if rhythmicity in parasite replication is coordinated with the host's feeding-related rhythms and/or rhythms driven by the host's canonical circadian clock. We find that parasite rhythms coordinate with the time of day that hosts feed in both wild-type and clock-mutant hosts, whereas parasite rhythms become dampened in clock-mutant hosts that eat continuously. Our results hold whether infections are initiated with synchronous or with desynchronized parasites. We conclude that malaria parasite replication is coordinated to rhythmic host processes that are independent of the core-clock proteins PERIOD 1 and 2; most likely, a periodic nutrient made available when the host digests food. Thus, novel interventions could disrupt parasite rhythms to reduce their fitness, without interference by host clock-controlled homeostasis.
Emerging infectious disease and the challenges of social distancing in human and non-human animals
Authors: Townsend Andrea K. , Hawley Dana M. , Stephenson Jessica F. , Williams Keelah E. G.
Published: August 2020

The ‘social distancing’ that occurred in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in humans provides a powerful illustration of the intimate relationship between infectious disease and social behaviour in animals. Indeed, directly transmitted pathogens have long been considered a major cost of group living in humans and other social animals, as well as a driver of the evolution of group size and social behaviour. As the risk and frequency of emerging infectious diseases rise, the ability of social taxa to respond appropriately to changing infectious disease pressures could mean the difference between persistence and extinction. Here, we examine changes in the social behaviour of humans and wildlife in response to infectious diseases and compare these responses to theoretical expectations. We consider constraints on altering social behaviour in the face of emerging diseases, including the lack of behavioural plasticity, environmental limitations and conflicting pressures from the many benefits of group living. We also explore the ways that social animals can minimize the costs of disease-induced changes to sociality and the unique advantages that humans may have in maintaining the benefits of sociality despite social distancing.