bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Porównanie wybranych parametrów mikrobiologicznych i biochemicznych napojów kombucha
Authors: Modrzejewska Katarzyna , Bogusławska-Wąs Elżbieta
Published: October 2021

Celem niniejszej pracy było określenie poziomu wybranych mikroorganizmów, porównanie zawartości polifenoli i antocyjanów oraz zdolności przeciwutleniającej napojów kombucha dostępnych w handlu detalicznym z napojem wytworzonym doświadczalnie metodą tradycyjną. Badania objęły 12 napojów komercyjnych oraz jeden uzyskany doświadczalnie, którego bazą była zielona herbata z 10-procentowym dodatkiem sacharozy. W badanych produktach oznaczono: liczbę bakterii Acetobacter sp., Gluconobacter sp., LAB i drożdży, pH, ogólną zawartość antocyjanów, ogólną zawartość polifenoli oraz aktywność przeciwutleniającą. Aktywność przeciwdrobnoustrojową napojów kombucha oceniono metodą dyfuzyjną, z zastosowaniem kolumienek, w stosunku do szczepów wzorcowych: Escherichia coli ATCC 35218, Listeria monocytogenes serotyp 1/2a (KMSiFŻC), Yersinia entercolitica (PCM 1919), Salmonella enteritidis (ATCC 130764), Bacillus cereus (PCM 2019), Enterococcus faecalis (ATTC 29212), Staphylococcus aureus (ATTC 25923), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ŁOCK 14), Candida albicans (KMSiFŻC). Stwierdzono, że napoje deklarowane jako pasteryzowane (K7 - K12) były pozbawione mikroorganizmów z analizowanych grup. W pozostałych produktach komercyjnych dominującym mikroorganizmem były bakterie Acetobacter sp., których liczba zawierała się w przedziale 6 × 106 ÷ 1,1 × 107 jtk/ml. W napoju doświadczalnym wykazano drożdże w ilości 6,5 × 105 jtk/ml. Odczyn pH produktów był charakterystyczny i nie przekraczał 4,3. Zawartość antocyjanów we wszystkich napojach pochodzących z handlu wahała się między 0,2 ÷ 0,3 mg/dl, natomiast w próbie doświadczalnej było ich ponad dwa razy więcej. Zawartość polifenoli oraz zdolność przeciwutleniająca prób były zróżnicowane i nie stwierdzono ich korelacji z pochodzeniem produktu. Głównym czynnikiem warunkującym zdolność napojów kombucha do inhibicji bakterii potencjalnie chorobotwórczych dla człowieka jest obecność kwasów organicznych. Żaden z badanych napojów nie wykazywał antagonizmu w stosunku do testowanych drożdży.
Identyfikacja chemicznych zanieczyszczeń etanolu uzyskanego z ziarna różnych odmian kukurydzy
Authors: Kotarska Katarzyna , Dziemianowicz Wojciech , Świerczyńska Anna
Published: October 2021

Celem pracy była identyfikacja związków chemicznych stanowiących zanieczyszczenia etanolu uzyskanego w procesie fermentacji alkoholowej różnych odmian kukurydzy. Opisano przyczyny powstawania w procesie fermentacji kukurydzy takich związków, które obniżają jakość wytwarzanego etanolu. Przeprowadzono identyfikację jakościową i ilościową produktów ubocznych w spirytusach po zakończonym procesie fermentacji. Obejmowała ona grupy związków: estry, aldehydy, alkohole wyższe oraz metanol. Badania jakości etanolu wykonano metodą chromatografii gazowej. Zawartość związków karbonylowych w etanolu przeznaczonym na cele spożywcze jest normowana i nie może przekraczać wartości 0,1 g/dm3 A100. W badanych próbkach zawierała się w zakresie 0,022 ÷ 0,087 g/dm3 A100. Największą ilość związków karbonylowych stwierdzono w pierwszym etapie fermentacji, w czasie powstawania największych ilości etanolu. W ciągu następnych godzin fermentacji etanolowej ilość aldehydów sukcesywnie malała, przy czym największy ich ubytek obserwowano między 16. a 48. godziną. W żadnym z uzyskanych spirytusów nie stwierdzono obecności akroleiny, która ma właściwości kancerogenne. Ilość alkoholi wyższych zawierała się w dość szerokich granicach, tj. 0,855 ÷ 3,553 g/dm3 A100. Na ich poziom wpływ miała ilość n-propanolu, izobutanolu, n-butanolu oraz 2-metylo-1-butanolu. Wydajność alkoholu ze 100 kg ziarna różnych odmian kukurydzy kształtowała się w zakresie 37,5 ÷ 43,3 dm3. Największą wydajność spirytusu uzyskano z ziarna kukurydzy odmian Euralis ES Runway oraz Euralis ES Hattric.
Właściwości przeciwutleniające oraz zawartość kapsaicynoidów w wybranych przyprawach z dodatkiem ostrej papryki, dostępnych na polskim rynku
Authors: Woźniak Martyna , Siudem Paweł , Paradowska Katarzyna
Published: October 2021

Przyprawy stanowią istotny składnik diety. Ostra papryka jest powszechnie używana jako przyprawa kuchenna. Korzyści z jej stosowania wiążą się nie tylko z walorami smakowymi, ale także z pozytywnym wpływem prozdrowotnym. Jest to związane ze związkami polifenolowymi oraz innymi związkami o właściwościach przeciwutleniających zawartymi w owocach ostrej papryki, na przykład z kapsaicyną. Celem pracy było określenie zawartości związków polifenolowych, w tym flawonoidów, kapsaicynoidów oraz właściwości przeciwutleniających i zdolności redukowania jonów żelaza w przyprawach zawierających paprykę ostrą, dostępnych na polskim rynku. Z 7 różnych przypraw oznaczonych przez producentów jako „papryka ostra”, „chili” lub „pieprz cayenne” oraz z papryki jalapeño z uprawy w warunkach domowych przygotowano ekstrakty wodno-etanolowe. Oznaczono w nich całkowitą zawartość związków polifenolowych (metodą Folina-Ciocalteu’a) oraz flawonoidów. Wykonano również testy przeciwutleniające FRAP i DPPH• oraz oznaczono spektrofotometrycznie zawartość kapsaicynoidów w przeliczeniu na kapsaicynę. Przyprawy dostępne na polskim rynku nie różniły się między sobą znacząco pod względem właściwości przeciwutleniających, jednak znacznie odbiegały od uzyskanej i wysuszonej w warunkach domowych papryki jalapeño, która wyróżniała się największą zawartością kapsaicyny oraz najwyższymi wartościami aktywności przeciwutleniającej. Prawdopodobnie miały na to wpływ parametry suszenia i przechowywania papryki. Ponadto przyprawy wytwarzane przemysłowo mogą zawierać dodatek innych substancji, które zwiększają objętość produktu, a jednocześnie obniżają jakość końcowego wyrobu. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, że przyprawy zawierające ostrą paprykę mogą być dobrym źródłem związków przeciwutleniających w diecie.
Charakterystyka wybranych grup margaryn pod względem zawartości fazy stałej
Authors: Noszka Barbara , Ptasznik Stanisław
Published: October 2021

Celem pracy była charakterystyka wybranych margaryn w aspekcie określenia ich cech użytkowych na podstawie zawartość fazy stałej – SFC (ang. Solid Fat Content). Badania przeprowadzono na trzech grupach wybranych produktów obejmujących margaryny: miękkie do smarowania, kostkowe (kulinarne) oraz puff pastry. W celu pełniejszej charakterystyki badanych margaryn oznaczono również temperaturę topnienia oraz zawartość substancji tłuszczowej. W każdej grupie margaryn przeanalizowano po sześć różnych produktów. Zawartość fazy stałej oznaczono za pomocą magnetycznego rezonansu jądrowego NMR (ang. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance). Temperaturę topnienia oznaczono według normy PN-EN ISO 6321. Zawartość substancji tłuszczowej określono zgodnie z normą PN-A-86933. Wykazano istotne zróżnicowanie zawartości fazy stałej pomiędzy badanymi grupami margaryn. Wśród margaryn miękkich wszystkie badane próbki charakteryzowały się zawartością fazy stałej poniżej 20 % w temp. 10 ºC, co wskazuje na ich bardzo dobrą smarowność bezpośrednio po wyjęciu z chłodziarki. W grupie margaryn kostkowych wyniki zawartości fazy stałej potwierdzają ich przydatność zarówno do celów kulinarnych, jak i do smarowania pieczywa pod warunkiem osiągnięcia temperatury pokojowej (ok. 20 ºC). Margaryny puff pastry charakteryzowały się dużą zawartością fazy stałej, co determinuje ich zastosowanie do ciast francuskich. Oznaczenia wyżej wymienionych parametrów w margarynach charakteryzują przemiany fazy stałej w funkcji temperatury, co umożliwia wskazanie kierunków ich zastosowania.
Student’s intentional dimension in interactive learning
Authors:   Dagestan State University, Nyudyurmagomedov Abdulakhad Nyudyurmagomedovich , Savzikhanova Maryam Abdulakhadovna ,   Dagestan State University
Published: October 2021

The purpose of the article is to identify and substantiate the technologies for using the personal intentions of students and teachers as the basis for the interactivity of learning. At the same time, the mental potential of intention as an orientation and professional choice of students in the educational process is revealed. The essence of intention and interactivity is revealed in the comparative characteristics of the goal, intention, volitional efforts and the desire of students to achieve high results in educational cognition. On the basis of the essential properties of the intention, it was revealed that it is inherent in both the personality of the teacher and the student, so it can be invested in educational tools. An interactive educational environment is used as the optimal condition for revealing the potential of an intention. It has been experimentally substantiated that in the field of academic disciplines that coincide with the intentions of students, sense-creating technologies are more productive, in other disciplines interactive technologies allow expanding the area of intention through the intention of the author, teacher, invested in educational tools. The technologies proposed in the article contribute to the teacher’s productive choice of innovative technologies, depending on the degree of coincidence of students’ personal intentions with the subject area.
Pancreas deficiency modifies bone development in the ovine fetus near term
Authors: Lanham Stuart A , Blache Dominique , Oreffo Richard O C , Fowden Abigail L , Forhead Alison J
Published: October 2021

Hormones have an important role in the regulation of fetal growth and development, especially in response to nutrient availability in utero. Using micro-CT and an electromagnetic three-point bend test, this study examined the effect of pancreas removal at 0.8 fraction of gestation on the developing bone structure and mechanical strength in fetal sheep. When fetuses were studied at 10 and 25 days after surgery, pancreatectomy caused hypoinsulinaemia, hyperglycaemia and growth retardation which was associated with low plasma concentrations of leptin and a marker of osteoclast activity and collagen degradation. In pancreatectomized fetuses compared to control fetuses, limb lengths were shorter, and trabecular (Tb) bone in the metatarsi showed greater bone volume fraction, Tb thickness, degree of anisotropy and porosity, and lower fractional bone surface area and Tb spacing. Mechanical strength testing showed that pancreas deficiency was associated with increased stiffness and a greater maximal weight load at fracture in a subset of fetuses studied near term. Overall, pancreas deficiency in utero slowed the growth of the fetal skeleton and adapted the developing bone to generate a more compact and connected structure. Maintenance of bone strength in growth-retarded limbs is especially important in a precocial species in preparation for skeletal loading and locomotion at birth.
First detection of porcine circovirus type 3 in Ukraine
Authors: Rudova N. , Lymanska O. , Stegniy B. , Bolotin V. , Solodiankin O. , Gerilovych A.
Published: October 2021

To date, there is no information regarding the occurrence of porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV-3) in pigs in Ukraine.
Aim. The aim of this work was to study the probable occurrence of the little-studied PCV-3 in pigs with different
health status in Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk, Kyiv, and Kharkiv regions of Ukraine. Methods. Blood, semen, liver,
spleen, lung samples and nasal swabs of sows and boars of different ages and with different health status, belonging
to farms from Dnipro, Donetsk, Kyiv, and Kharkiv regions of Ukraine, were used for the study. PCV-3 genomic
material was detected by the standard polymerase chain reaction using specific primers, flanking a fragment of the
rep gene of the virus with the length of 418 bp. To visualize the amplicons, horizontal gel electrophoresis was used
and ethidium bromide staining after electrophoresis, followed by photographing the gels using Image Lab 5.2.1
software. Results. DNA of PCV-3 was found in two liver samples and four nasal swabs in two different farms,
obtained from clinically healthy pigs, which suggests the possibility of the circulation of this infectious agent at the
subclinical level of infection at the farm under investigation. No PCV-3 coinfection with the causative agents of
porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), Aujeszky’s disease, PCV-2, and mycoplasmas was found at
this farm. Conclusions. Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV-3) – (a little-studied causative agent of swine disease) was
detected in 6 out of 61 samples, originating from two farms in the Kyiv and Kharkiv regions, obtained from clinically
healthy animals) for the first time in Ukraine. This indicates possible circulation of the pathogen among pig farms in
Ukraine and demonstrates the need to create and implement a target risk analysis, an extensive survey, as well as to
develop control measures of the disease spreading (both organizational and technical preventive). Molecular genetic
surveying and subsequent monitoring of PCV-3 among domestic and wild animals, which can cross the borders, will
give a possibility to determine the risks of its spreading and related economic and epidemiological consequences.
The whole-genome DNA sequencing of the detected virus isolates is planned to determine the relation of Ukrainian
strains of the virus to other strains circulating in Europe and other parts of the world. Better understanding the risks,
epidemiology and pathology, associated with this new virus for the Ukrainian pig breeding industry, will help to
prevent and control its further spread and harmful effects.
Soil moisture potential of agrocenoses in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Demydenko O. , Bulygin S. , Velychko V. , Kaminsky V. , Tkachenko M.
Published: October 2021

Aim. To determine the main regularities in the formation of soil moisture potential, the accumulation and exploita-
tion of soil resources of productive moisture by agricultural crops under the cultivation in the ecosystems of dif-
ferent crop rotations in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, permanent, laboratory, analytic, statistical
methods. Results. During a short-term grain-row crop rotation, the total loss of available moisture without the
introduction of mineral fertilizers was 317 mm, and in the variant with fertilizers it increased by 107 %. The total
loss of moisture under different ways of tillage in the variants without any fertilizers was the lowest for the surface
tillage and increased 1.05 times for ploughing and 1.08 times for deep tillage. After the introduction of fertilizers,
the total loss of moisture increased by 23.0 mm or 107 % on average. In case of long-term (10–36 years) surface
tillage, the efficiency of using the reserves of productive moisture increased by 25–40 % and the coefficients of
water consumption of crops decreased by 35–40 %. Conclusions. Short-term crop rotations were found to be more
productive, and the relation between energy accumulation in dry matter, the yield of fodder and cereal units and
energy accumulation in the yield per 10 t of used productive (available) moisture was at the level of strong direct
correlation (R>+0.70). Regression coefficients for the variables: dry matter, fodder and cereal units, dry matter per
10 t of moisture in dependence equations were 3.06, 1.25, 7.25, and 2.89 times higher, respectively, as compared
with long-term crop rotations, which demonstrated 2.59-fold increased productivity and use of the total moisture
circulation in short-term crop rotations as compared with long-term ones.
THE COLD PRESSOR TEST – A MEASUREMENT OF THE CARDIAC AUTONOMIC RESPONSES IN INDIVIDUALS WITH ANXIETY, DEPRESSION AND STRESS SYMPTOMS
Authors: Nikolov E.
Published: October 2021

The cold pressor test examines the cardio-vascular reactivity during certain physiological states - rest, stress and recovery. Currently it is a widespread tool for laboratory induced stress in an experimental setting amongst various fields of science. PURPOSE: To systemize the fields of application of the cold pressor test in an attempt to outline the possibilities to analyze cardio-vascular reactivity in connection to symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. RESULTS: Unlike similar experiments (e.g. mental arithmetic test), which actively involve the behavior and motivation of the participants, the cold pressor test is a physical stressor that passively involves the participant. Cardiovascular response (BP, heart rate, aortic pulse wave velocity) to cold pressor test is measured with applanation tonometry - a novel, simple, easy-to-use method. In CONCLUSION, the combination of the cold pressor test with speech task and mental arithmetic test would contribute to the adequate tracking and comparison of vascular and myocardial reactivity during the assessment of psychological symptoms (depression, anxiety, and stress). All of this would facilitate the involvement of the individuals with clinical or sub-clinical symptoms of depression and anxiety in experimental studies and would further help in a more precise assessment of the cardiovascular risk amongst them.
CAN RETINAL VASCULAR PERFUSION ON ANGIO-OCT BE A DIAGNOSTIC INDICATOR IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC RETINOPATHY?
Authors: Draganova V. , Dzhelebov D.
Published: October 2021

Angio-OCT clearly presents the blood supply to the retinal vascular plexus in the macular area. The purpose of this study is to compare the data received from the examination of the vascular microvascular network in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Vascular density and perfusion have been found to be important indicators in diagnosing and monitoring disease progression.
Acciones colectivas en el Catatumbo como medio de reconfiguración ocupacional del sector agrícola
Authors: Vargas Prieto Amanda , Figueroa Córdoba Diana Paola
Published: October 2021

El conflicto armado en Colombia ha generado consecuencias económicas y sociales que inciden en la comprensión del desarrollo local y regional, y que además traen consigo problemáticas de dominio de la tierra en territorios que cuentan con ventajas geoestratégicas como es el caso del Catatumbo. Esta región ha sufrido el asentamiento de grupos armados que generan rupturas culturales, y que además limitan los proyectos y expectativas ocupacionales de sus pobladores, lo cual se traduce en un Índice de Vulnerabilidad Territorial que devela altos índices de desempleo, vulneración de derechos humanos y coartación de procesos de participación social. Es por esta razón que el presente capítulo analiza las formas de resistencia colectiva y la relación de estas con las trasformaciones de las prácticas productivas y ocupacionales de los campesinos en la región del Catatumbo. Para ello, es importante analizar lo que se entiende por acción colectiva, comprender las formas de ocupación y las expectativas ocupacionales de un grupo de campesinos, bajo un marco metodológico de investigación-acción con tres técnicas de recoleccion de la informacion: entrevistas; observacion y talleres. Los resultados permitieron identificar en la asociatividad, las solidaridades cotidianas y en las alianzas estratégicas formas de resistencia en el territorio; acciones colectivas que han determinado los roles, la historia personal y las proyecciones ocupacionales de sus habitantes a partir de las comprensiones individuales como colectivas, que, finalmente reconfiguran el territorio y la ocupación en busca de alternativas para el desarrollo territorial.
Contagious Otherness: Translating Communicable Diseases in the Modern Italian and Francophone Novel
Authors: Arnaldi Marta
Published: October 2021

The words ‘contagion’ (‘to touch together') and ‘translation’ (‘to carry across’) share a common course of action and meaning, i.e. that of breaking what ‘should be joined or joining [what] should be separate’ (Douglas, 1966: 113). Continuous yet imperceptible, ideas of risk, corruption and error have been attached as much to the transfer of texts, beliefs and theories as to the spread of diseases. Our immune system fights against outsiders, just like national cultures can shield themselves from the foreign. Yet, if we have come to accept that contagion can be understood as a ‘foundational concept in the study of [literature], of religion and of society’ (Wald, 2008: 2), translation’s epidemiological dimensions have remained relatively unexplored. What do the art of translation and epidemiological science have in common, and how can they inform one another? Why is contagion culturally valuable, but physiologically destructive? How can translation theory contribute to an innovative biocultural epistemology of contagion? This essay aims to address these questions by shedding light on the implicit, yet understudied, translation-contagion link. It offers the first comparative analysis of its kind, covering three centuries (19th century-present), two languages (Italian and French), and four contagious diseases (plague, smallpox, Ebola and AIDS). It provides an interdisciplinary model that allows us to approach the study of literature and epidemiology in a synergetic, non-exclusive way, based on the double mobilisation, or ‘entanglement’ (Whitehead et al., 2016), of literary and medical knowledge.
Trace elements in groundwater near an abandoned mine tailings dam and health risk assessment (NE Zimbabwe)
Authors: Artwell Kanda  , France Ncube  , Peter Makumbe
Published: October 2021

Groundwater from shallow hand-dug wells at an abandoned gold mine tailings dam was characterised for selected physicochemical parameters during dry and wet seasons of 2018 and 2019. Health risk exposure of the local population (adults and children) through ingestion and dermal exposure was assessed. Groundwater quality parameters were lower than international drinking water quality guidelines (p < 0.05). The parameters were significantly influenced by season of the year (As, Cl−, SO42−), nature (As, Cd, Cl−, Fe, NO3−, SO42−), depth (Cd, Cl−, Fe, Ni, SO42−) and direction of the well (Cu, Cl−, Fe, NO3−, Pb, SO42−) (p < 0.05) relative to the tailings dam. Groundwater did not pose non-carcinogenic risk due to studied trace elements. However, arsenic had the potential to cause medium to high cancer risk to the local population. We propose re-vegetation of the tailings dam, diversion of surface tailings drainage to a containment pond and the provision of continuous piped water supplies.
Biochar for the removal of detected micropollutants in South African domestic wastewater: a case study from a demonstration-scale decentralised wastewater treatment system in eThekwini
Authors: Jana Späth  , Preyan Arumugam  , Richard H Lindberg  , Ovokeroye A Abafe  , Stina Jansson  , Jerker Fick  , Chris A Buckley
Published: October 2021

The presence of micropollutants, such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products, in surface and ground water has escalated globally, leading to adverse effects on aquatic organisms in receiving waters. Untreated or inadequately treated wastewater is the main source of micropollutants entering the environment. In South Africa, the consumption of antibiotics and antiretroviral drugs is relatively higher than other nations; however, little data exists on the identification and remediation of micropollutants in domestic wastewater. In this study, a novel method to detect and measure 71 micropollutants using online solid phase extraction liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was developed. To test the method in the South African context, grab samples of the influent and anaerobically treated effluent (AF effluent) from a demonstration-scale decentralised wastewater treatment system in eThekwini (Durban) were taken over 3 consecutive days at 2 time points. The presence of 24 micropollutants was detected in the raw wastewater, with analgesics/anti-inflammatory drugs, antiretrovirals, and antibiotics showing the highest concentrations and with the majority of compounds still present in the AF effluent. One antibiotic, ciprofloxacin, exceeded its predicted no-effect concentration in all influent and AF effluent samples. This suggests that the anaerobic treatment of the raw wastewater was not effective in removing micropollutants. Preliminary data from lab-scale adsorption experiments using biochar produced from a set of 4 feedstocks – olive residues, tomato residues, rice husks, and the African palm tree Raphia farinifera – showed average removal rates for 4 compounds of up to 62%. The application of biochar is thus recommended as a secondary treatment step in decentralised wastewater treatment for the removal of micropollutants in South Africa.
Methodology for the Formation of Assessment Values of Expert Performance Indicators for Perspective Automated Digital Telecommunication Systems
Authors: Nenadovich D. M. , Markin I. V.
Published: October 2021

One of the main goals of modernization of telecommunication networks is to increase its performance. For a quantitative assessment of the success
of improving the system, methods were developed for assessing the expert indicators of the performance quality of the designed digital telecommunication system, synthesized on the basis of previously developed decomposition and reduction algorithms. The main expert indicators of the performance quality of the designed system are considered,
the dependences for calculating these indicators are presented.
Recipe for standard BG-11 media v1
Authors: Behle Anna , Pawlowski Alice
Published: October 2021

Stanier RY, Deruelles J, Rippka R, Herdman M, Waterbury JB: Generic Assignments, Strain Histories and Properties of Pure Cultures of Cyanobacteria. Microbiology 1979, 111:1–61. Recipes for standard and alternative BG11 for culturing freshwater cyanobacteria, such asSynechocystis sp. PCC 6803, as described. Media is usually not suitable for marine cyanobacteria. Final Concentration of Medium. CaCl2*2 H2O 0.036 g/L Citric acid 0.006 g/L NaNO3 1.4958 g/L MgSO4* 7 H2O 0.0749 g/L 0.25M Na2EDTA (pH 8) 0.0056 mL/L Na2CO3 20 µg/ml Fe(III) Ammonium citrate 6 µg/ml K2HPO4 * 3H2O 30 µg/ml TES Buffer (pH 8) 10 mM H3BO3 2.86 mg/L MnCl2 * 4 H2O 1.81 mg/L ZnSO4 * 7 H2O 0.222 mg/L Na2MoO4 * 2 H2O 0.390 mg/L Co(NO3)2 *6 H2O 0.049 mg/L (CuSO4 * 5 H2O 0.079 mg/L if required)
RNA Quality Control Non-Denaturing Agarose "Bleach" Gel v1
Authors: Doran Lynn
Published: October 2021

To evaluate the quality of RNA without the use of toxic chemicals, samples are run in a non-denaturing agarose "bleach" gel and product segregation is used to estimate RNA integrity. Be aware that in a non-denaturing gel, the RNA will not segregate strictly on particle size due to secondary structures of the molecules. This method is for an estimation of quality only and the location of the banding in relation to a base pair ladder does not allow confident determination of the size of the RNA fragment. If true fragment size determinations are required, RNA quality should be evaluated on a denaturing gel electrophoresis system.
Antioxidant Activity and Chemical Composition of Extracts from Fruiting Bodies of Xylotrophic Fungi Growing on Birch
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Ermoshin Alexander A. , Kiseleva Irina S. , Nikkonen Irina V. , Nsengiyumva Dominique S. , Duan Shen , Ma Chaomei , Kurchenko Vladimir P.
Published: October 2021

The search for new natural sources of biologically active substances is a major issue in pharmaceutical industry. Xylotrophic basidiomycetes are common in forests worldwide, but as a prospective raw source of biologically active compounds they have not been studied as extensively as plants and other groups of fungi. The study is aimed to determine the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of extracts from 10 species of tinder fungi growing on birch and common in the forests in Russia. The chaga muchroom (Inonotus obliquus), traditionally used in medicine, was chosen as a standard species. Extracts from fruiting bodies were obtained with water or 95 % ethanol. They contained 4 to 8 types of free amino acids including 2 to 6 essential ones. Perennial basidiocarps were shown to be richer in phenolic compounds and poorer in amino acids than annual ones. Alkaloids and saponins were found in perennial basidiocarps of two species, saponins were also found in annual basidiocarps of one species. Water and alcohol extracts differed in composition and concentration of extractives, and showed different antioxidant (inhibition of lipid peroxidation) and antiradical (ABTS‑test, inhibition of NO production) activity. This way it was shown that the nature of the solvent extraction agent is important for the manifestation of biological activity. In most tests, water extracts from chaga showed better antioxidant properties; extracts from Piptoporus betulinus and Fomitopsis pinicola were also effective as antioxidants, which may be promising avenues for future research
High Temperatures Induce ROS Generation and Damage to Respiratory Activity in Saccharum officinarum Suspension Cells
Authors:   Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry SB RAS, Lyubushkina Irina V. , Fedyaeva Anna V. , Stepanov Aleksey V. , Grabelnych Olga I.
Published: October 2021

High temperatures are important abiotic stressors affecting plant growth, development and productivity. One of the consequences of unfavourable temperature effects on plants is an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. However, what role ROS will play in the further fate of the cell under temperature stress depends on many external and internal factors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the relationship between ROS content and mitochondrial function in the cells of a Saccharum officinarum suspension culture under high temperatures. The work was carried out using fluorescence microscopy and the polarographic analysis method. We found the most significant increase in ROS content in S. officinarum cells during temperature treatments (that did not cause immediate cell death in culture) was at 45 and 50 °C. The ROS content was largely determined by mitochondrial activity, as evidenced by a decrease in the electrochemical potential on the inner mitochondrial membrane (ΔΨm), and a simultaneous decrease of ROS levels in cells under the carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazine (CCCP) treatment. The decrease in the respiratory activity of cells under high temperatures was determined by the decrease of the cytochrome pathway (CP) contribution. It should be noted that the reduction in respiration rate at a temperature of 50 °C preceded the death of cells in the culture, and was not a consequence of it
World on the Road to 100% Renewable Energy
Authors:   Department of Energy Engineering and Physics, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Norouzi Nima , Fani Maryam
Published: October 2021

In the study, the current and future status of renewable energy resources were compiled in the light of large databases of national and international renewable energy institutions, and the latest situation in the world in the transition to 100% renewable energy was examined. The extent of the goal for the transition to 100% renewable energy has been determined, and predictions have been made based on all this information. In today’s world where energy and environmental problems are on the agenda, countries’ transition to renewable energy is the primary solution. This goal is called the transition to 100% renewable energy, which brings advantages such as providing needed energy and producing clean energy. Today, renewable energy sources account for more than one-third of the global energy capacity, and the world is rapidly moving towards 100% renewable energy. Compared with 2017, the total amount of renewable energy in 2018 increased by 181 GW, and the number of countries with an increase in the proportion of renewable energy increased. Taking into account the external dependence of the use of fossil fuels and environmental issues, this development is at a promising level in the future. In order to shift from highly polluting oil resources to natural gas and renewable resources, this article aims to investigate the current global energy transition trends, and then propose some important strategies to get closer to upstream goals and obligations in this way.
Materials from Dwelling 2 on Suchu Island, the Lower Amur (1977 Season, Excavation III)
Authors: Medvedev V. E. , Filatova I. V.
Published: October 2021

This article presents the fi nal results of excavations at one of the largest Neolithic sites in northeastern Asia— a settlement on Suchu Island on the Amur. Most of the rich collection (3967 spec.), owned by IAET SB RAS (stone tools, ceramics, ornaments, and artistic and ritual artifacts), has not been described before. This publication focuses on the analysis of artifacts from dwelling 2 (excavation III, 1977). We describe the construction of this semi-underground dwelling, circular in plan view. The typological analysis of the lithics indicates a complex economy. Many of them (arrowheads, projectile points, inserts, knives, plummets) relate to hunting and fi shing, and to processing carcasses (end-scrapers, scrapers, burins, combination tools), others are chopping tools. The distinctive feature of the lithics is that some are bifacial. The analysis of the ceramics suggests that they belong to the Late Neolithic Voznesenovskoye culture. The use of binocular microscopy allowed us to assess the technological and constructive properties of the ceramics, as well as their morphological, decorative, and functional features. Non-ut ilitarian artifacts shed light on the worldview of the Suchu people. The collection dates to the mid-second millennium BC.
Respuesta de la industria 4.0 a las necesidades de una sociedad cada vez más conectada
Authors: Baquero Villamil Giovanny Alexander , Mahecha Tafur Manuel Alejandro
Published: October 2021

This article is about the transformation of industry and society through globalization, the internet, and the use of new technologies in regards to the industry's development. Also, considering opportunities that respond to the needs of society, creating effects that acknowledge these trends in the configuration of production processes. This article aims to describe how industry 4.0 replies to the needs of the connected society. A literature review was carried out to set data analysis from contrasting visions or approaches.  It was concluded that contemporary society may be defined as techno-dependent, which does not  imply any positive either negative connotation, but which does define several consumption characteristics to which industry 4.0 must adapt quickly and constantly.
Diseño Geométrico de Caminos de Montaña: particularidades y desafíos
Authors: Altamira Aníbal L.
Published: October 2021

Mountain roads have special features that arise from local and regional topographic, geological and geotechnical aspects, drainage and runoff, environmental and landscape, climatic and geographical, among other; that affect their location, layout and geometric design. The road design methodology itself unfailingly introduces the need for a final evaluation of the design in terms of the effects on the perspectives that the driver can appreciate while driving. Harmonizing all the particularities and factors is a true art. The successful conciliation of these factors will reveal the good judgment of the road designer who specializes in mountain roads. This work briefly describes the problems included in the geometric design of mountain roads and the challenges that designers must face during this type of work.
Efecto de la concentración y temperatura en la disolución de poliestireno expandido usando solventes naturales
Authors: Pardo Mendoza Ingrit Daniela , León Pulido Jeffrey
Published: October 2021

Expanded polystyrene (EPS) is a single-use plastic, with a low level of recycling due to the large volume occupied by its waste, this has generated that a large part of it ends up accumulating in landfills or public spaces, generating environmental problems for communities surrounding. An alternative for its treatment is the use of solvents, however this method has been little studied and the most commonly used solvents are harmful to health and / or the environment. In this project, it was studied how temperature and concentration influence the dissolution of EPS in two natural compounds: limonene and eucalyptus oil, in order to determine the viability of the use of these solvents, for which solubility parameters were compared and tests were carried out. laboratory with EPS residues to which cleaning, grinding, dissolution processes were applied at different temperatures (between 21 ° C and 50 ° C) and concentrations (1:10, 3:10, 1: 2, 3: 4, 1: 1, 1.25: 1 and 1.5: 1) and solvent recovery. It was determined that the viscosity presents an exponential behavior from 42 % concentration and at higher temperature, lower viscosity (µ) and dissolution time; on average the original volume of the EPS can be reduced by 96 %. We can conclude that the solubility parameters (d) and polymer-solvent interaction () for both solvents are favorable for the dissolution of EPS, and are favored with increasing temperature, however the solution in limonene has better miscibility and requires less activation time and energy (Ea).
Integrated Anaerobic-Aerobic Sequencing Batch Reactors for Unrestricted Reuse Using Greywater Treatment
Authors:   the Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575025, India, Pragada Sarath Chandra , Thalla Arun Kumar
Published: October 2021

This work is carried out to evaluate the efficiency of the pilot scale integrated scheme which comprises of an Anaerobic Sequence Batch Reactor (AnSBR) reactor, Aerobic Sequence Batch Reactor (ASBR), and sand filter for the elimination of organic matter and nutrient in synthetic greywater. The treatment effectiveness of the pilot plant was identified based on its pollutant removal efficiency for 12 months. The AnSBR removes 49.64, 64.24, 55.35, 87.82, 54.36, 32.73, 72.61, 34.88, and 72.11% of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Nitrogen (TN), anionic surfactant, Total Phosphorous (TP), Ammonium Nitrogen (NH4+-N), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Nitrate Nitrogen (NO3--N) and sulphates, respectively. Moreover, the removal efficiencies are improved to 84.27, 86.04, 80.8, 95.13, 80.55, 90.23, 72.98, and 75.45%, respectively, in the ASBR with an additional aeration period. The removal efficiencies of COD, BOD, TN, anionic surfactant, TP, TSS, NH4+-N, NO3--N, and sulphates have been improved progressively to 89.12, 94.9, 85.15, 99, 86.98, 88.54, 93.52, 94.89, and 80.49%, respectively in the sand filter. In tracer studies, that a total of 29.3% of the salt has been remained in the reactor which suggests a good deal of salt of the integrated system. Furthermore, this hydrodynamic study discloses a moderately low volume (30.3%) for the integrated system with the mean residence time is lesser than theoretical hydraulic residential time. Based on these findings, it is evident that the integrated anaerobic-aerobic system bounded with the sand filter process accomplishes the achievement of efficiency.
Developing Gamification to Improve Mobile Learning in Web Design Course during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:   the Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand, Nuanmeesri Sumitra
Published: October 2021

Thailand is currently facing a widespread third wave of COVID-19 outbreaks in the second quarter of 2021. The government has encouraged social distancing compliance to work from home and study at home policy to mitigate the risks of the pandemic. As a result, educational institutions at all levels must temporarily close their services within the premises. The students need to lean towards the online system independently. Hence, this research aims to develop gamification in the Web Design course to increase the perception and achievement of Information Technology students through mobile learning. The research results showed that the students who registered for the academic year of 2020, the majority’s learning performance improved after adopting the gamification approach via developed mobile application. According to the statistical test (t-Test) results, a significant difference was discovered between pre-test and post-test scores at a significance level (α) of 0.05. The learners also rated the effectiveness of the developed game at the highest level and accepted the developed game with high consensus. In conclusion, the research findings indicate that games can be used as effective instruction media for undergraduate students and online classrooms amidst the situation of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Use of Tablets in Moroccan Primary School Inventory and Impact of Teacher Training
Authors:   University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Fez. He is also with the Regional Center for Education and Training in Béni Mellal. Morocco, Rahali E. A. , Chikhaoui A. , Khattabi K. E. , Ouzennou F.
Published: October 2021

Since the 2000s, the leaders of Moroccan educational system called for the introduction of information and communication technology means in education. Thus, the majority of primary schools have been equipped with computers and internet connection. But when it comes to tablets, Moroccan schools are only in the early stages of experimentation. This article aims, on the one hand to probe the inventory of places of use of this artefact in classroom practice and to elucidate the obstacles that could constrain its effective and efficient use; on the other hand, to study the impact of teacher training on the perceived value of this artefact in educational practice. So, we carried out research via a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews in 13 schools that received endowments of 11 to 16 tablets each. The results showed that the use of tablets is very limited; and suffers from several obstacles that hinder its integration. And that the technical and pedagogical training of teachers is a major factor in the perceived usefulness of this technology in classroom practice.
Analisis Unjuk Kerja Prototype Trainer Lemari Pendingin dengan Variasi Beban Pendinginan
Authors: Arifudin Andi , Wiratmaja I Gede , Pasek Nugraha I Nyoman
Published: October 2021

This study aimed to find the effect of variations in cooling load on the performance of the prototype trainer refrigerator, which in this refrigerator prototype had never been tested performance. In this study, the experimental method was used. The values sought in this study were the rate of room cooling and the Coefficient of Performance (COP). In this study, the variation of the cooling load used started from temperatures of 300C, 350C, 400C 450C, with 15 repetitions, and the temperature performance used was 1000C. The study results showed that the highest room cooling rate occurred at 300C cooling load variation, namely 0.00265, and the smallest room cooling rate occurred at 450C cooling load variation, namely 0.00174. The highest Coefficient of Performance (COP) results occurred at a cooling load variation of 450C, namely 34.09, and the lowest Coefficient of Performance (COP) occurred at a cooling load variation of 300C, namely 29.60. From these results, it can be concluded that the cooling rate of the room was inversely proportional to the increase in cooling load because the more significant the cooling load, the longer the time obtained, resulting in a small room cooling rate. And for the results of the Coefficient of Performance (COP), it was directly proportional to the increase in the cooling load because the more significant the cooling load given, the higher the temperature at T1 and T2, resulting in a significant Coefficient of Performance (COP).
Pengaruh Variasi Insulator Saluran Chilled Water Terhadap Performansi Prototype Mini Water Chiller
Authors: Utama Buddhi Satya , Pasek Nugraha I Nyoman , Wiratmaja I Gede
Published: October 2021

The high heat transfer rate from the environment to the chilled water pipe will affect the performance of the mini water chiller prototype, so it is necessary to insulate the chilled water pipe using the right insulator to optimize the performance of the mini water chiller prototype. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of the chilled water pipe insulator variations: nitrile rubber expanded and polyurethane foam on the optimal temperature and cooling rate of the mini water chiller prototype cabin. The method used in this study is an experimental method with a variation of the insulator as independent variables and the optimal temperature also cooling rate of the mini water chiller prototype cabin as the dependent variables. The testing process was carried out 20 times repetition of data collection on each variation using a stopwatch, thermo gun, thermostat, ampere pliers, a bulb, and a water heating element as a tool in research. In addition, it expanded nitrile rubber and polyurethane foam spray as research material. The results obtained from this study showed that the average optimal temperature achievement of the mini water chiller prototype with polyurethane foam insulator was 11.242◦C, and with the nitrile rubber expanded insulator was 11.250◦C. Otherwise, the average cooling rate of the mini water chiller prototype cabin with polyurethane foam insulator variation was 0.001421◦C, while in the variation of nitrile rubber expanded it was 0.001032◦C, which indicates that there is an effect of chilled water pipe insulator variations on the performance of the mini water chiller prototype.
Studi Konsentrasi Larutan KOH dan Arah Orientasi Serat Rami terhadap Kekuatan Impak Komposit dengan Matrik Polyester
Authors: Pramitasari Retno Eka , Irfa'i Mochamad Arif , Prasetyo Reza
Published: October 2021

The development of increasingly advanced technology, especially in the health sector, can lead to an increase in the need for composite materials used. This study aims to describe the results of the concentration of KOH solution and the orientation of the ramie fiber on the impact strength of composites with a polyester matrix. This research is an experimental study with the manipulation variables are the concentration of the KOH solution and the orientation of the fiber direction by determining the value of the impact strength as the dependent variable of ramie fiber as a control variable of this study. This study obtained the optimum impact test result of 0.0711 J/mm2 with 5% KOH solution concentration and located at 0o/45o/90o fiber direction orientation. While the results of the lowest impact test resulted in a value of 0.0101 J/mm2 without soaking the KOH solution and located at 90o/0o/90o fiber direction orientation.