bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Uncomplicated Cataract Surgery on Central Macular Thickness in Diabetic and Non-diabetic Subjects
Authors: Prakash Guliani Brahm , Agarwal Isha , Naik Mayuresh P.
Published: October 2019

Purpose: To assess the quantitative changes of macula in diabetic and non-diabetic eyes after uncomplicated cataract surgery.
Methods: In this prospective interventional study being performed in a tertiary healthcare hospital, a total of 660 eyes were divided into two groups. Group 1 included 330 eyes from healthy subjects and group 2 included 330 eyes from well-controlled diabetic subjects with no diabetic retinopathy planned for phacoemulsification with foldable IOL implantation by the same surgeon under similar settings. Optical Coherence Tomography (Heidelberg Spectralis SD-OCT) was used to assess preoperative and postoperative central macular thickness (CMT) at weeks 1 and 6.
Results: The mean CMT in group 1 preoperatively, at postoperative week 1, and at post-operative week 6 was 257.03 ± 20.904, 262.82 ± 17.010, and 265.15 ± 20.078 μm, respectively. The corresponding values in group 2 were 255.36 ± 17.852, 259.15 ± 16.644, and 266.09 ± 18.844 μm, respectively. There was no significant difference in the mean CMT values between the two groups on any of the three occasions when the CMT was measured (P = 0.374 and P = 0.313 at weeks 1 and 6, respectively).
Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference in CMT between normal subjects and diabetic subjects without diabetic retinopathy preoperatively and in early postoperative period after uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery.
Levodopa Plus Occlusion Therapy versus Occlusion Therapy Alone for Children with Anisometropic Amblyopia
Authors: Farvardin Majid , Reza Khalili Mohammad , Behnia Mehdi
Published: October 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effects of short-term administration of levodopa plus occlusion therapy versus occlusion therapy alone in preschool children with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia.
Methods: This comparative interventional study included 40 eligible preschool children aged 6 to 7 years with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia. The primary outcome measure was the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) best-corrected visual acuity recorded at baseline, 3 weeks after the treatment initiation and 12 weeks after the treatment termination. The results were compared between the two groups.
Results: No statistically significant intergroup difference was observed in baseline logMAR visual acuities (P = 0.92). The mean logMAR visual acuities of the amblyopic eyes were significantly better in both groups three weeks after the treatment initiation than the baseline (P < 0.01 in both groups). At 12 weeks after treatment termination, the logMAR visual acuities of the amblyopic eyes were significantly better than the baseline values (P < 0.001 in the placebo group and P = 0.09 in the levodopa group). Intergroup comparisons revealed no statistically significant difference in visual acuities 3 weeks after the treatment initiation (P = 0.11) and 12 weeks after the treatment termination (P = 0.10). Twelve weeks after the treatment termination, visual acuities regressed 0.037 logMAR in the placebo group and 0.042 logMAR in the levodopa group. These regression rates were not significantly different (P = 0.89).
Conclusion: The results of this study provide evidence that adding short-term administration of levodopa to occlusion therapy in hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia offers no additional benefit in visual outcomes and provides no advantage in terms of the regression rate.
Slanted versus Augmented Recession for Horizontal Strabismus
Authors: Rajavi Zhale , Feizi Mohadeseh , Aliasghar Nabavi Sayed , Sabbaghi Hamideh , Behradfar Narges , Yaseri Mehdi , Faghihi Mohammad , Abdi Saeid
Published: October 2019

Purpose: To compare the surgical outcomes of slanted versus augmented recession in patients with horizontal strabismus.
Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, a total of 100 esotropic (ET) and exotropic (XT) patients with a high AC/A ratio which was defined as a difference of ≥ 10 prism diopters (pd) between the distance and near deviations were included if the patients had a distance deviation ≥ 15 pd. Patients were randomly assigned into the slanted (n = 26 in ET and n = 24 in XT group) and augmented recession groups (n = 25 in ET and n = 25 in XT group). In the slanted group, recession was performed on the superior and inferior poles of the muscle based on the distance and near deviations, respectively, while in the augmented recession group, the muscles were recessed 1.00 or 1.50 mm more than the standard amount according to the distance and near difference between 10 and 20 pd or > 20 pd, respectively.
Results: The mean age was 9.8 ± 9.6 years and 63% were female. There was a significant postoperative reduction of difference in convergence excess in ET cases compared to patients who underwent the augmented recession procedure (12.65 ± 6.16 vs 8.64 ± 6.1 pd, P = 0.014). Among our XT groups, there was no significant difference in postoperative reduction in the XT angle in the slanted group compared with the augmented group (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: Slanted recession is recommended in convergence excess ET patients. In XT patients, either slanted or augmented recession may be chosen according to the priority and experience of the surgeon.
High Prevalence of Asthenopia among a Population of University Students
Authors: Hashemi Hassan , Saatchi Mohammad , Yekta Abbasali , Ali Babak , Ostadimoghaddam Hadi , Nabovati Payam , Aghamirsalim Mohamadreza , Khabazkhoob Mehdi
Published: October 2019

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of asthenopia and its associated factors in a sample of university students in Iran.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, participants were selected using multistage cluster sampling. Presence of at least one of the 10 symptoms—foreign body sensation, diplopia, blurred vision, eye swelling, dry eye, eye pain, difficulty in sustaining visual operations, decreased visual acuity, tearing, and photophobia—was considered as asthenopia. Ocular examinations, including uncorrected/corrected visual acuity measurement, objective/subjective refraction, cover test, amplitude of accommodation (AA), and near point of convergence (NPC) were performed.
Results: Of the 1,462 students (mean age: 22.8 ± 3.1 years), 73% were women. The age- and gender standardized prevalence was 70.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 68.3–73.5), 39.8% (95% CI: 36.4–43.1), and 19.7% (95% CI: 16.0–23.3) based on the presence of at least one, two, and three symptoms, respectively. The prevalence was significantly higher in females (P = 0.048), hyperopic students (P < 0.001), and astigmatic participants (P < 0.001). The mean AA and NPC were 9.7 ± 2.6 D and 10.2 ± 4.2 D (P = 0.008) and 7.0 ± 2.1 cm and 7.7 ± 3.9 cm (P < 0.001) in participants with and without asthenopia, respectively. Multiple regression model revealed age (28–29 years), astigmatism, and NPC as independent associated factors (odds ratios: 3.51, 1.61, and 0.91, respectively).
Conclusion: This study shows relatively high prevalence of asthenopia in university students. Demographic factors and visual system disorders are important risk factors and timely correction of conditions may lead to decreased asthenopia.
Preferred Learning Styles among Ophthalmology Residents: An Iranian Sample
Authors: Hassanzadeh Samira , Karimi Moonaghi Hossein , Derakhshan Akbar , Masoud Hosseini Seyed , Taghipour Ali
Published: October 2019

Purpose: This study was performed to assess the learning styles of a sample of Iranian residents through Kolb’s and VARK questionnaires.
Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 45 ophthalmology residents of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences were enrolled. Kolb’s and VARK questionnaires were provided, and residents were oriented and guided on how to complete them.
Results: Forty-three out of the forty-five ophthalmology residents completed the questionnaire (95.5% response rate). The preferred learning style among ophthalmology residents was assimilative (51.2%), followed by convergent (37.2%), accommodative (7.7%), and divergent (4.7%), based on Kolb’s questionnaire. According to the results of the VARK questionnaire, most ophthalmology residents were auditory learners (34.9%), followed by multimodal learners (30.2%). In addition, there was no significant relation between genders, stage of residency, and Kolb’s and VARK learning styles (P > 0.05 for all).
Conclusion: The most preferred learning styles of ophthalmology residents were assimilative and auditory. Considering the dominant learning styles of learners and incorporating various teaching methods are recommended to enhance the learning among residents.
Pathogenic Tau Protein Species: Promising Therapeutic Targets for Ocular Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Amir Mishan Mohammad , Rezaei Kanavi Mozhgan , Shahpasand Koorosh , Ahmadieh Hamid
Published: October 2019

Tau is a microtubule-associated protein, which is highly expressed in the central nervous system as well as ocular neurons and stabilizes microtubule structure. It is a phospho-protein being moderately phosphorylated under physiological conditions but its abnormal hyperphosphorylation or some post-phosphorylation modifications would result in a pathogenic condition, microtubule dissociation, and aggregation. The aggregates can induce neuroinflammation and trigger some pathogenic cascades, leading to neurodegeneration. Taking these together, targeting pathogenic tau employing tau immunotherapy may be a promising therapeutic strategy in fighting with cerebral and ocular neurodegenerative disorders.
Pigmented Corneal Ulcer
Authors: Yangzes Sonam , Chawla Gupta Parul , Jha Vivek , Ram Jagat
Published: October 2019

Purpose: To report the clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, and treatment of a rare case of keratitis caused by pigmented fungi Bipolaris hawaiiensis.
Case Report: A 55-year-old man presented with a history of trauma with vegetative matter in his left eye. Slit lamp biomicroscopic examination revealed the presence of a brownish-black pigmented plaque with surrounding infiltrates. Corneal scrapings revealed multiple septate hyphae. Culture revealed growth of the Bipolaris species. The patient was treated with topical natamycin 5%, topical voriconazole 1%, and oral itraconazole followed by intracameral amphotericin B (5 μg/mL). The patient responded well to the treatment.
Conclusion: Brown pigmented infiltrates are an important clinical feature of dematiaceous fungi. B. hawaiiensis is a rare cause of corneal phaeohyphomycosis. Our patient responded well to intracameral amphotericin B, which obviated the need for penetrating keratoplasty.
Ulcerative Squamous Eyelid Papilloma: A Rare Presentation
Authors: Reena Sharma , Mani Krishna , Brahma Deo Sharma , Asma Khan
Published: October 2019

Purpose: To highlight the importance of histopathological evaluation of a lid mass to prognosticate the disease. We report a case of ulcerative squamous cell papilloma with clinical features suggesting malignancy.
Case report: A 65-year-old man presented with a rapidly enlarging mass in the left upper eyelid, with clinical features suggesting a squamous cell carcinoma. However, a repeat histopathological examination showed no malignant cells. The patient was diagnosed with squamous cell papilloma. He was followed-up for 30 months and no recurrence was observed. No such case has previously been reported in the literature.
Conclusion: This report highlights the need for histopathological examination of all eyelid lesions to enable surgeons to prognosticate the disease.
Bilateral Optic Disc Edema in a Patient with Lead Poisoning
Authors: Abri Aghdam Kaveh , Zand Amin , Soltan Sanjari Mostafa
Published: October 2019

Purpose: Heavy metals, such as lead can cause optic neuropathy. Optic disc neuropathy due to lead intoxication has previously been reported. We report a rare case of lead toxicity-induced optic neuropathy presenting with bilateral hemorrhagic optic disc swelling.
Case Report: The patient was a 42-year-old man with a history of chronic oral opium use, who had a gradually progressing blurred vision in both eyes over 40 days, with ataxia, paresthesia, and a toxic level of serum lead. He had been treated with lead chelators for lead poisoning. His color vision was impaired in both eyes. Humphrey’s visual field test revealed double arcuate scotoma with enlargement of the blind spot. Funduscopy revealed bilateral optic disc swelling, which was confirmed on optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography.
Conclusion: In cases of optic disc edema, a comprehensive history should be taken to detect the cause. Further, in cases of chronic oral opium use, lead toxicity should be considered.
CRB1 Gene Mutation Causing Different Phenotypes of Leber Congenital Amaurosis in Siblings
Authors: Ahmed Khan Shaheryar , Richard Nestel Achim
Published: October 2019

Purpose: We report a rare case of CRB1 gene mutation in two siblings (sisters) affected with the exact same genetic mutation on both CRB1 genes resulting in varying phenotypes.
Case Report: CRB1 gene mutation in this case has resulted in causing varying degrees of Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) in both sisters with a more severe phenotype in the older sibling causing LCA-8 with retinitis pigmentosa spectrum in both eyes and a milder phenotype causing LCA-8 with less severe rod cone dystrophy in the younger sister.
Conclusion: In summary, the mechanisms of varying phenotypes resulting from CRB1 genetic mutation are still not well understood. We concluded that the presence of different phenotypes associated with identical genotypic mutation of a single gene in siblings or in a family is important especially when dealing with retinal dystrophies.
A Unique Case of Bilateral Valsalva Retinopathy
Authors: Madanagopalan V G , Velis Girish
Published: October 2019

This is a Photo Essay and does not have an abstract.
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension with Normal Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure
Authors: Aghsaei Fard Masoud
Published: October 2019

This is a Letter to the Editor and does not have an abstract.
Author’s Reply
Authors: Sajjadi Hamid , Poorsalman Hossein
Published: October 2019

This is an author's reply to the Editor and does not have an abstract.
Primary Atypical Lipomatous Tumor of the Orbit
Authors: Dhahir Al-Mendalawi Mahmood
Published: October 2019

This is a Letter to the Editor and does not have an abstract.
Pesquisas em Tecnologias Educacionais em um Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação
Authors: Vinholi Júnior Airton José , Mello Dante Alighieri Alves de , Gobara Shirley Takeco
Published: October 2019

Neste trabalho realizamos um levantamento de dissertações e teses, com pesquisas defendidas entre 2000 e 2015, relacionadas ao uso de tecnologias educacionais, que foram desenvolvidas no Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Os trabalhos foram localizados no caderno de resumos disponíveis no Programa. Buscamos identificar se o foco dos trabalhos estaria relacionado ao uso das tecnologias educacionais, analisando os títulos e resumos e consultando sempre que necessário os textos completos. Em seguida analisamos os 33 trabalhos encontrados utilizando como instrumento uma ficha de análise de dissertações e teses. Agrupamos os trabalhos em sete categorias temáticas, sendo que as mais investigadas foram: “prática docente com tecnologias”, “ensino e/ou aprendizagem de matemática”, “tecnologia, educação e concepções de professores”, “ensino e/ou aprendizagem de ciências” e “formação de professores”. Também foram estudados temas como “políticas públicas educacionais” e “psicologia educacional”. Os resultados dessa análise documental mostram que ainda há muitas lacunas a serem preenchidas, a exemplo da dificuldade de se encontrar temáticas de fundamental relevância, como “formação de professores” e “políticas públicas educacionais”, que foram pouco investigadas e situam-se apenas entre os anos de 2002 a 2005.
Los primeros 50 años de la Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia
Authors: Ronquillo-Herrera Hugo
Published: October 2019

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Funcionalidad familiar en la depresión de adolescentes de la Institución Educativa Particular “Gran Amauta de Motupe” Lima, 2018
Authors: Nataly Olivera Andy , Gissela Rivera Edith , Gutiérrez Trevejo Milagros , Méndez Juan
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: Determinar la infl uencia de la funcionalidad familiar en la depresión de adolescentes de la institución educativa particular “Gran Amauta de Motupe” Lima, 2018. Material y método: El diseño utilizado fue no experimental, de corte transversal, correlacional causal, los instrumentos utilizados fueron: la Escala de Evaluación de Cohesión y Adaptabilidad familiar, FACES IV, de Olson y el Inventario de Depresión de Beck (IDB-II). Resultados: La muestra estuvo compuesta por 91 adolescentes de primero a quinto de secundaria entre 12 y 17 años de edad de nivel secundario. El análisis general mostró un 51.6% de depresión mínima, 28.5% leve, 10.9% moderada y 8.7% severa. Mientras que la funcionalidad familiar mostró 65.9% de funcionalidad intermedia y 34% baja. Conclusión: Los adolescentes que presentan menor funcionalidad familiar tienden a presentar mayor sintomatología depresiva.
Eficacia disolvente y citotoxicidad del aceite de cáscara de limón (Citrus limon)
Authors: Herrera-Plasencia Paul , Garcia-Rupaya Carmen , Delgado-Cotrina Leyla
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: Evaluar in vitro el efecto disolvente y tóxico del aceite de cáscara de limón (Citrus limon) según tiempo de exposición e identifi car sus componentes a través de la cromatografía de gases. Material y métodos: El estudio fue de tipo experimental in vitro. Para determinar el efecto disolvente se utilizaron conos de gutapercha estandarizados de endodoncia número 80 con conicidad 0,02; los disolventes utilizados fueron: xilol, aceite esencial de cáscara de limón y naranja; éstos fueron sumergidos en 2, 5 y 10 minutos (n=8). Se registró el peso antes y después de la inmersión a las sustancias evaluadas para determinar la pérdida de masa. Para evaluar la toxicidad se emplearon Artemias franciscanas a través de la concentración letal media; la cromatografía de gases se utilizó para obtener los componentes de cada aceite. Para comparar el efecto disolvente entre las sustancias se empleó el análisis ANOVA/Tukey. Resultados: No se encontró diferencia signifi cativa para disolver la gutapercha con el aceite esencial de cáscara de limón, de naranja y xilol (p>0.05). El tiempo no tuvo influencia para la disolución de la gutapercha (p>0.05). Todos los aceites fueron tóxicos, a excepción del aceite de limón 25%. Conclusiones: El Limoneno y el D limoneno fueron los componentes con mayor porcentaje en el aceite de limón y de naranja, respectivamente. El aceite de limón podría ser una considerada como alternativa para ser utilizado como disolvente de gutapercha de uso endodóntico, por tener efecto similar que el aceite naranja.
Impacto de la experiencia de caries en la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud bucal; Machángara, Ecuador
Authors: Vélez-Vásquez Víctor Alfonso , Villavicencio-Caparó Ebingen , Cevallos-Romero Sandra , Del Castillo-López Cesar
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: Asociar los niveles de la experiencia de caries dental con los niveles de impacto de las condiciones orales en la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud bucal. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, relacional, con una muestra aleatoria de 118 escolares de la parroquia Machángara en Cuenca- Ecuador. Se empleó el índice CPOD para medir la experiencia de caries y el Child-OIDP versión Perú para medir el impacto en la calidad de vida. Fueron incluidos al estudio los escolares de 12 años que dieron su asentimiento informado y que sus padres fi rmaran el consentimiento informado. Se contó con el permiso del comité institucional de bioética en la carrera de Odontología de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca. Se empleó el análisis de correspondencias para asociar las variables categorizadas, también se empleó la Rho de Spearman, para la correlación de las variables en su versión de puntaje CPOD y de Child-OIDP. Resultados: No hubo correlación estadísticamente signifi cativa entre el puntaje de experiencia de caries y su impacto en los desempeños diarios (Rho= -0.061), sin embargo, se encontró correspondencia entre el nivel muy alto de CPOD y el nivel muy bajo de impacto en la CVRSB y entre el nivel muy bajo de CPOD con el nivel de alto impacto en la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud bucal. Conclusiones: La asociación entre la experiencia de caries y la calidad de vida es inversa en los pacientes con altos niveles de CPOD.
Granuloma Piógeno: Reporte de un caso de lesión hiperplásica reactiva con aspecto tumoral
Authors: Livia De La Cruz Lucia Lorena , Sovero Gaspar Abell Temistocles , Sánchez León Jairo , Herrera Mujica Raúl Rafferty , Rivadeneyra Rodriguez Abel Alex
Published: October 2019

El granuloma piógeno es una lesión reactiva en respuesta a diferentes factores locales, su etiología es por traumatismo, caries dental, desequilibrio hormonal, higiene oral deficiente, etc. que produce una proliferación inflamatoria del tejido conectivo, localizada frecuentemente en cavidad oral (encías, lengua, paladar duro, labios y piso de boca) y piel. Clínicamente se presenta como una lesión hiperplásica vascularizada con base pediculada o sésil de tamaño variable y crecimiento lento. Histológicamente presenta proliferación de tejido endotelial a una red vascular con signos de inflamación crónica y tejido de granulación. El presente caso clínico tiene como objetivo identifi car las características clínicas, imagenológicas e histopatológicas de Granuloma Piógeno con aspecto tumoral en la cavidad oral en un paciente adulto de la Clínica Dental Docente Cayetano Heredia en el año 2017. Las características clínicas e histopatológicas de granuloma permiten un diagnóstico concreto, dado que su diagnóstico diferencial es similar. Como opciones de tratamiento además de exéresis, tenemos el pulsed- dye laser, inyección intralesional de etanol o corticoides, escleroterapia con tetradecil sulfato de sodio y criocirugía. Las hiperplasias reactivas pueden presentar aspecto tumoral que se descarta con el estudio anatomopatológico. El abordaje y tratamiento requiere un diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico adecuado.
Uso de un poste y núcleo de fibra de vidrio compuesto fabricados con CAD / CAM para restaurar un diente tratado endodónticamente: reporte de caso
Authors: Vilcapoma Henry , Ganoza Rolando , Bolaños Anthony , Tapia Akemy , Balarezo Antonio
Published: October 2019

En la actualidad existe un amplio uso de los postes de fi bra de vidrio. Sin embargo, tienen la desventaja que su forma no se pueden cambiar y son inadecuadas para casos de dientes con amplia destrucción coronal y conductos radiculares amplios. Este reporte de caso clínico describe el uso de un poste y núcleo de fi bra de vidrio fabricados con un sistema CAD/CAM para restaurar un diente premolar inferior tratado endodónticamente. Este poste de fibra de vidrio CAD/CAM se adapta mejor al conducto radicular que un poste prefabricado, sin necesidad de emplear resina compuesta para el muñón y reduce el espesor de la capa de cemento.
Enfisema sub-cutáneo en procedimientos de cirugía oral. Revisión de la literatura
Authors: Cabanillas Taco Elías Alejandro , Arrascue Dulanto Víctor Manuel
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: Determinar la causa más frecuente del enfi sema sub-cutáneo en Cirugía oral, así como los factores de riesgo, diagnostico y tratamiento. Material y métodos: Búsqueda exhaustiva de la literatura a través de PubMed & Cochrane del 2009 al 2018. Se utilizaron los reportes sobre procedimientos quirúrgicos. Se excluyeron los casos ocasionados por trauma y tratamientos de conducto. Se encontró 21 reportes que cumplían con nuestros criterios de inclusión. Resultados: Se encontró que 14 de los 21 casos estaban relacionados con el uso de pieza de mano de alta velocidad. Otros casos incluyeron: 4 por el uso de la Jeringa Triple y 3 por actividades del paciente después del procedimiento quirúrgico. Conclusiones: El enfi sema subcutáneo puede tener efectos graves y potencialmente mortales si no es tratado adecuadamente. Se debe tener un especial cuidado con el uso de piezas de mano de alta velocidad. Se deben dar indicaciones claras a los pacientes después de los procedimientos quirúrgicos.
Molecular modeling of the interaction of the dihydroquercetin and its metabolites with cyclooxygenase-2
Authors: Terekhov R. P. , Selivanova I. A.
Published: October 2019

Background.Dihydroquercetin (DHQ) is a natural flavonoid. It has a wide range of pharmacological effects, which includes anti-inflammatory activity. There is a gap in our knowledge about the biochemical mechanisms of the therapeutic potency implementation of this compound. This fact slows down the process of the drug development using DHQ. Molecular modeling is designed to further translate the research from the fundamental experimentation to the real clinical practice. Purpose. The study objective was to estimate DHQ as a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor by using in silico analysis.

Materials and methods. The information about the COX-2 structure was obtained from the Protein Data Bank (code 5KIR). The 3D-models of DHQ were generated by using the ChemBioDraw Ultra software. Docking was carried out in the GOLD program after the corresponding validation of molecular modeling algorithms based on experimental data of X-ray diffraction analysis.

Results. The design of this study is based on the rational selecting of the virtual ligand structures. It gives an opportunity to optimize the quantum-mechanical calculation. By using in silico analysis, it was shown that DHQ and some of its metabolites demonstrate ability of binding to SER353, SER530, and ARG513 of COX-2 at the catalytic site.

Conclusion. Important α-amino acids for intermolecular interaction of DHQ and its metabolites with COX-2 were determined during this study. Our data can be used for the development of new antiinflammatory drugs on the base of DHQ.
Alternative scaffolds in radionuclide diagnosis of malignancies
Authors: Bragina O. D. , Chernov V. I. , Zeltchan R. V. , Sinilkin I. G. , Medvedeva A. A. , Larkina M. S.
Published: October 2019

This review discusses a relatively new class of targeted molecules that is being actively studied for radionuclide diagnosis and treatment of malignancies. The full-size antibodies used so far have non-optimal pharmacological properties, slow distribution in the body, poor penetration into the tissue and kidney excretion, and high immunogenicity, which significantly complicates their use in clinical practice. Over the past decade, a new class of targeted molecules, called “non-immunoglobulin scaffolds” have become popular; they have all the requirements for optimal delivery of a radionuclide to tumor cells. Scaffolds usually are smaller in size in comparison with antibodies, but they are larger than peptides, and are characterized by high affinity and optimal biochemical, biophysical, biological, and economic features. The advantages of such proteins are their stable structure, good penetration into tissues, the possibility of additional functionalization and expression in the bacterial system, which ensures low production costs.

The results of preclinical and clinical studies for diagnosis of malignancies using such proteins as affibody, adnectin, DARPins, etc., have demonstrated their high specificity, affinity, good tolerance and low immunogenicity.
The role of linoleic acid in oxidative damage of hemoglobin due to cytomegelavirus infection during pregnancy
Authors: Andrievskaya I. A. , Ishutina N. A.
Published: October 2019

The goalis to study the mechanisms of linoleic acid-dependent oxidative damage to hemoglobin in blood erythrocytes of pregnant women with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection during the first trimester.

Materials and methods. The study included 55 CMV-seropositive pregnant women at 8–11 weeks pregnant, aged 24,7 ± 0,18 years. 20 women had exacerbated cytomegalovirus infection and in 35 women a latent course of the disease was observed. The control group consisted of 20 CMV-seronegative pregnant women, comparable in age and gestational age with the group of pregnant women with cytomegalovirus infection. The levels of linoleic acid, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and methemoglobin in the blood were studied by the spectrophotometry. Glutathione was determined by histochemical methods, the total amount of hemoglobin was measured using the automatic hematological analyzer, and hydrogen peroxide level was calculated by enzyme immunoassay.

Results. In cytomegalovirus infection, an increase in the indices of exogenous hydrogen peroxide and linoleic acid in blood erythrocytes of pregnant women is observed. During the period of acute disease in the first trimester of pregnancy it causes oxidative modification and a decrease in the level of not only superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione, the processes involved in the redox regulation of thiol-disulfide exchange of erythrocytes, but also hemoglobin with formation of large amount of methemoglobin, which contributes to reduction of oxygen metabolism and development of hemic hypoxia. In the latent course of the disease, the oxidative damage to hemoglobin in the erythrocytes of pregnant women is mitigated by the increase in the activity of redox enzymes, which maintains oxygen homeostasis at the level necessary for the development of pregnancy.
Open and endovascular surgery for stenosis of the peripheral regions of arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Kardanakhishvili Z. B. , Zulkarnaev A. B.
Published: October 2019

Vascular access is the cornerstone of hemodialysis. With vascular access dysfunction, the results of treatment of patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease significantly deteriorate. One of the most common causes of vascular access failure is peripheral venous stenosis. Despite the variety of initiating factors, the morphological substrate of stenotic damage to the arteriovenous fistula (or arteriovenous anastomosis) in most cases is neointimal hyperplasia. Stenotic lesions of the arterivenous fistula are strongly associated with an increased risk of thrombosis and loss of vascular access. There are 4 typical localizations of stenosis: arteriovenous or arteriograft anastomosis, stenosis of the juxta-anastomotic segment of the fistula, stenosis of the functional segment of the fistula, and stenosis of the cephalic arc.

The most common indication for surgical treatment is vascular access failure; less common indications are clinical symptoms of venous insufficiency.

There are various methods of open reconstruction of the stenotic segment of the fistula vein: resection, prosthetics with a synthetic vascular graft, prosthetics or plastic repair of the autologous vein wall, complete or partial drainage of the prestenotic segment of the vein, etc. Currently an alternative method of stenosis repair using endovascular interventions is gaining popularity. In contrast to central vein stenosis, where endovascular interventions are the gold standard, in peripheral vein stenosis it is only an adjuvant method. Complications of endovascular interventions are extremely rare.

Despite the fact that endovascular interventions have almost absolute probability of technical success, the primary patency is not high and is about 50% in six months. The use of bare stents is not accompanied by an increase in primary patency. The use of stent-grafts can increase the primary patency, especially in the plastic repair of challenging stenoses of the graft-vein anastomosis or cephalic arch.

Many issues related to endovascular interventions remain unresolved, which requires further research.
Asthma and obesity in children: what do we know?
Authors: Novik G. A. , Khaleva E. G. , Makarova S. G. , Zhdanova M. V.
Published: October 2019

The results of a large number of studies indicate the relationship of obesity and bronchial asthma in children. The review highlights the mechanisms of development of the so-called obese asthma: morphological changes in the respiratory tract, systemic inflammation, adipokine production, impaired glucose and insulin metabolism, genetic and epigenetic factors, changes in the microbiome of the respiratory tract and(or) intestines. The relationship of asthma and obesity can have both a genetic basis and can occur under the influence of a complex of pathogenic factors, and they can be especially important at the “early programming” stage. Obesity increases the risk of asthma development, and in patients with existing asthma due to a number of mechanisms it increases the severity or makes it difficult to achieve control of asthma. Studies showed that patients with obese asthma are distinguished by a more severe course of the disease, poor quality of life and a decreased response to therapy for asthma. Weight loss in children with asthma can lead to an improved well-being of patients, but data on the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions in these children is limited. Comorbidity of asthma and obesity is a complex multifactorial phenotype in children, which requires further study. Being overweight or obese needs to be taken into account as part of asthma treatment in this category of patients.
Experimental models of dermatological diseases
Authors: Sergeeva O. N. , Aksenenko M. B. , Fefelova Yu. F. , Sergeeva E. Yu. , Ruksha T. G.
Published: October 2019

This review presents analysis of experimental models of atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, skin symptoms of autoimmune systemic connective tissue diseases, and blistering skin diseases. Presented in the review are experimental models of atopic dermatitis which reproduce various stages and types of disease that allows the investigation of disease pathogenesis. Atopic dermatitis can develop spontaneously in Nc/Nga mice. There are atopic dermatitis models initiated by monoclonal IgE injection or epicutant sensitization under dermal barrier disfunction imitation. Genetically modified atopic dermatitis models - transgenic and knockout mice – are convenient for investigation of disease stages, cytokines, antigen-presenting cells and T-cells influence. We show that the psoriasis models created by genetic engineering methods are the most convenient for investigation of the role of particular cell types and specific factors in the disease development. Up-regulation of adhesion molecules, cytokines, transcription factors, inflammation mediators in both keratinocytes and immune cells of transgenic mice reveals their influence on psoriasis pathogenesis. There are descriptions of skin symptom models of autoimmune systemic connective tissue diseases and blistering skin disease models with and without genetic modifications. Each model demonstrates some peculiarities of pathogenesis and disease symptoms, whereas combined use of the models will allow to study the mechanisms of development of atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, blistering skin diseases and skin lesions under autoimmune systemic connective tissue diseases, that will contribute to the development of modern effective methods of treatment.
Helminths and intestinal microbiota interaction: role in the development of noncommunicable diseases
Authors: Sokolova T. S. , Fedorova O. S. , Saltykova I. V. , Petrov V. A. , Fedotova M. M. , Kovshirina Yu. V. , Deev I. A. , Ogorodova L. M.
Published: October 2019

There is an increase in the prevalence of chronic, noncommunicable diseases, including allergic and autoimmune diseases in developed countries. In this regard, the study of factors modifying the population’s immune response is very important.

According to the “old friends” hypothesis , insufficiency of infectious stimulation and decrease in prevalence of helminthiasis are associated with development of noncommunicable diseases. Studies revealed that intestinal parasites modulate the host immune response and alter susceptibility to immunological diseases. It is suggested that one of the pathogenetic mechanisms of immune response modulation by parasites is an increase in the content of gastrointestinal bacteria with anti-inflammatory effect. Advanced technologies of microorganism identification provide a deep insight into the microbiota in different pathologies. The study of changes in the intestine and bile microbiota of the host in helminthiases provides new possibilities for prevention, diagnosis and control of such conditions as chronic inflammatory bowel diseases and allergic diseases. The purpose of this review is to analyze current experimental and clinical data on intestinal microbiota in helminth infections and possible association with development of chronic noncommunicable diseases.
The combination of mutations in BRAF and NRAS genes within a one tumor in patients with cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Aksenenko M. B. , Averchuk A. S. , Ruksha T. G.
Published: October 2019

The paper provides a clinical description and analysis of two melanoma cases with mutations in the BRAF and NRAS gene within one tumor. Until recently, it was believed that mutations in the BRAF and NRAS genes are exclusive and do not occur within the same tumor. Later it was revealed that these mutations can exist within one tumor, but this is still quite a rare phenomenon. Molecular genetic analysis of the tumor obtained from both patients showed a mutation in the 15 exon of the BRAF gene c.1799T>A (V600E) and exon 2 of the NRAS p.G13S gene (p.37 G>A). The expression level of non-mutant NRAS protein was different in both cases. In conclusion, so in one patient, despite the presence of a mutation in the NRAS gene, the level of expression of the non-mutant protein was absent, which can be related to possible posttranscriptional disorders in the regulation of gene expression.
Interdisciplinary model of patient care for groups at risk for malignant tumors of the skin
Authors: Ufimtseva M. A. , Shubina A. S. , Petkau V. V. , Struin N. L. , Emel'janov D. E. , Levchenko E. A.
Published: October 2019

Introduction. Malignant skin tumors (MST) are an important interdisciplinary problem. Neoplasia data refer to tumors of apparent localization, therefore, they are found in the clinical practice of doctors of different profiles. The duration of the diagnostic period, as well as the prognosis, depends on the coordinated work of specialists.

Aim. Development, implementation and evaluation of the effectiveness of an interdisciplinary model for managing patients at risk for malignant skin tumors.

Materials and methods. A descriptive study included a study of the proportion of people at risk for developing MST, the nosological structure of the revealed MST among patients referred to the dermatological oncology room of the Sverdlovsk Regional Dermatovenerologic Dispensary for the period from 01.01.2016 to 31.12.2017 (total 3,275 patients), as well as 208 patients examined in the Sverdlovsk Regional Oncology Dispensary (SROD). The data of the “ONKOR” regional oncological information system were used.

Results. An interdisciplinary model of managing patients at risk has been developed, including patient routing andtraining of specialists in various fields. As a result of the implementation of the model, 208 patients were examined, 208 of whom were diagnosed with skin cancer, 123 of whom had skin cancer, 11 cases of melanoma, Kaposi’s sarcoma in 2 cases, skin lymphomas in 4 patients, lymphosarcoma in 1 patient, amounted to 67.8% of the diagnoses of MST confirmed in the Sverdlovsk Regional Dermatovenerologic Dispensary of the Sverdlovsk Regional Oncology Dispensary. 9.6% of patients had dysplastic nevi, confirmed histologically. 1987 patients at risk of developing MST were taken under the dispensary observation by a dermatologist and venereologist.

Conclusion. Тhe introduction of the algorithm of interdisciplinary interaction contributes to the improvement of the quality and accessibility of medical care to the population, the identification of patients at risk for the occurrence of MST, reducing the burden of non-core patients on oncology services.
Mesalazin-induced eosinophilic pneumonia in a 15-year-old boy with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Yankinа G. N. , Gorlenko L. V. , Loshkova E. V. , Kondratyeva E. I. , Tuteva E. Yu. , Terenteva A. A. , Zhelev V. A. , Mikhalev E. V. , Shemyakinа T. A. , Krivonogova T. S. , Ryzhakova N. A. , Romanova E. V.
Published: October 2019

One of the most difficult categories of patients is patients with inflammatory bowel disease. A clinical case of the development of mesalazine-induced eosinophilic pneumonia in a 15-year-old boy with ulcerative colitis is presented. The patient suffered an acute respiratory disease, which caused the aggravation of ulcerative colitis and, accordingly, an increase in the dose of mesalazine. Against this background, the child had active complaints of heaviness in the chest to the left. Eosinophilia was noted in the blood. Analysis of clinical symptoms, X-ray data, microscopic examination of the pleural fluid, the results of spiral computed tomography of the chest allowed a differential diagnosis of the main symptoms and associated identified pulmonary lesions with mesalazine.
Multicomponent wound coating in treatment of an experimental, purulent wound
Authors: Grigoryan A. Yu. , Bezhin A. I. , Pankrusheva T. A. , Sukovatykh B. S. , Chekmareva M. S. , Zhilyaeva L. V.
Published: October 2019

Objectives. To substantiate the effectiveness of the wound coating developed by us, which combines broad-spectrum antimicrobial effect, sorption activity, analgesic effect and prolonged action on a purulent wound.

Materials and methods. The material for the study was wound coating in the form of a film developed at Kursk State Medical University (Russian patent number 2605343). Experimental animals (Wistar rats) were divided into 2 groups (comparative and experimental) of 36 animals in each. In all the experimental animals a purulent wound was modeled according to the method proposed by P.I. Tolstikh. Local anesthetic activity was determined on rabbits of the Chinchilla breed (20 individuals in each group). In the course of the study, the following methods were used: microbiological method (identification of the areas of growth retardation and wound contamination), visual assessment of the wounds, planimetric method, pH evaluation of the wounds, and Renier’s technique (for determination of the anesthetic activity). The data were processed statistically, and the statistical significance of the differences was determined using the nonparametric Mann – Whitney test. The differences were considered statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05.

Results. Before the experiment on animals, high efficacy of the developed film was proven for the most common test strains of microorganisms capable of causing wound infection, using the microbiological method of investigation. Using the Renier’s method, the ability of the film to provide a local anesthetic effect was demonstrated, which was significantly higher than that of the 2% lidocaine ointment. Following visual evaluation of the wound, it was found that purification and regeneration of the wounds occurred earlier in the animals from the experimental group. The speed of wound healing in the experimental group was 1.3 times higher at 1–3 days, whereas at 5–8 days the situation was reversed in favor of the comparison group. In addition, at day 8 wound contamination in the experimental group was 1.2 times lower than in the comparison group. According to the results of the pH evaluation, significant differences between the groups were noted at days 5, 8, 15. Approximation of pH values to those of intact skin also proved the effectiveness of using the developed film.

Conclusion. The results of the conducted studies confirmed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of the developed film, its local anesthetic activity and efficacy in treatment of experimental purulent wounds, which allows to recommend it for further preclinical trials.
Ventilation and respiration mechanics in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in different body positions
Authors: Dish Al. Ju. , Dish An. Ju. , Ageeva T. S. , Karzilov A. L. , Teteneva A. V. , Kalacheva T. P. , Mesko P. E. , Mishustina E. L. , Zaytseva A. A. , Paraeva O. S. , Bespalova I. D. , Chernogoryuk G. E.
Published: October 2019

The aimof this work was to study changes in mechanical lung properties in cases of COPD in general and in different zones depending on the body position.

Materials and methods. The research was performed in 37 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the vertical and horizontal positions (VP and HP).

Results. The analysis of integral respiration mechanics has revealed a reduction in dynamic lung compliance and an increase in total non-elastic lung resistance during expiration (TNRexp) in HP vs. VP. At the same time, despite the increase in TNRexp in HP, the total work of breathing did not increase. Unlike healthy individuals, the COPD patients were characterized by the absence of differences in regional mechanical properties in both VP and HP. There were no differences in the respiration mechanics of the left lung, and the zones of the right lung only differed in the parameters of regional non-elastic work of breathing (NWBr ) that was increasing from top downwards: the indicators of NWBr during expiration and NWBr in the lower zone were higher as opposed to those of the upper zone in VP. As for HP, NWBr during inspiration, NWBr during expiration and NWBr were higher.

Conclusion. The data obtained contradict the prevailing opinion about an escalation in regional differences in ventilation and respiration mechanics under the influence of emerging focal and diffuse inflammatorysclerotic pathological changes in lungs and emphysema.
Pathomorphological features of conjunctival and scleral regeneration associated with intraoperative application of Cyclosporin A
Authors: Zhigalskaya T. A. , Krivosheina O. I. , Dzyman A. N. , Khlusov I. A.
Published: October 2019

Purpose. In experiment in vivo to study the features of regeneration of the conjunctiva and sclera of rats after surgery with intraoperative application of a 0.05% Ciclosporin A.

Materials and methods. Еxperimental animals (rats) (n = 48) were divided into the main group, including the subgroups a (n = 16) and b (n = 16) and the comparison group (n = 16). Performed a through cut of the conjunctiva and damage to the surface layers of the sclera one of the eyes of all animals. Further on the surgical trauma zone in the main group, the intraoperative application of the cytostatic was performed. In the subgroup a with a duration of 3 minutes, in the subgroup b – 6 minutes. In the comparison group a hemostatic sponge without a cytostatic was used intraoperatively.

Results. In the comparison group postoperative period proceeds with a stereotyped dynamics of cell phase changes in damaged tissues. In the end the development of dense conjunctival-scleral fusion in the area of surgical trauma was noted. Intraoperative application of 0.05% Cyclosporine A leads to a slowing of regeneration, preventing formation of rough conjunctival-scleral scar.

Conclusions. Intraoperative applications of 0.05% Cyclosporin A change the stereotyped dynamics of the inflammatory-reparative regeneration in the surgical intervention zone, inhibiting the migration of cells almost in 3 times and significantly (in 2 times) prolonging the duration of the macrophage phase. This causes a slowdown of reparative regeneration, prevents excessive scarring in the operating area.