bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scattershot multiboson correlation sampling with random photonic inner-mode multiplexing
Authors: Tamma Vincenzo , Laibacher Simon
Published: April 2023

Multiphoton interference is an essential phenomenon at the very heart not only of fundamental quantum optics and applications in quantum information processing and sensing but also of demonstrations of quantum computational supremacy in boson sampling experiments relying only on linear optical interferometers. However, scalable boson sampling experiments with either photon number states or squeezed states are challenged by the need to generate a large number of photons with fixed temporal and frequency spectra from one experimental run to another. Unfortunately, even the well-established standard multiplexing techniques employed to generate photons with fixed spectral properties are affected by the detrimental effects of losses, spectral distorsions and reduction in purity. Here, we employ sampling correlation measurements in the photonic inner modes, time and frequency, at the interferometer input and output to ensure the occurrence of multiphoton interference even with pure states of input photons with random spectral overlap from one sample to another. Indeed, by introducing a random multiplexing technique where photons are generated with random inner-mode parameters, it is possible to substantially enhance the probability to successfully generate samples and overcome the typical drawbacks in standard multiplexing. We also demonstrate the classical hardness of the resulting problem of scattershot multiboson correlation sampling based on this technique. Therefore, these results not only shed new light in the computational complexity of multiboson interference but also allow us to enhance the experimental scalability of boson sampling schemes. Furthermore, this research provides a new exciting route toward future demonstrations of quantum computational supremacy with scalable experimental resources as well as future applications in quantum information processing and sensing beyond boson sampling.
DATA-DRIVEN 3D EFFECT ENHANCEMENT MECHANISM OF WATERCOLOR: A NEURAL NETWORK-BASED APPROACH
Authors: ZHANG YUNXIA
Published: April 2023

A watercolor is an art form that uses water to express the painting process. Water is the specific boundary that distinguishes watercolor from other painting types. Fluidity is one of the essential factors constituting its distinctive artistic beauty. With vibrant hues and delicate brushstrokes, 3D watercolors enhance the image’s content with more meaningful information. It has more visual impact than a watercolor that is flat. Appreciators can visualize the scenario in their minds, which leaves more room for imagination and is particularly useful for usage in animation. This paper uses 3D point cloud reconstruction to enhance the 3D effect of watercolor and proposes a 3D reconstruction method of the point cloud based on a generative adversarial network. First, a new mesh model is obtained by using a predictor to predict the offset of the mesh model edge. Then, the point cloud classifier in the discriminator is used to extract the high dimensional features of the original point cloud data and the surface sampling point set of the mesh model. Finally, the output data of the predictor and discriminator are associated with the adversarial training method, and the network model is optimized through several iterations to obtain a 3D mesh model satisfying the spatial characteristics of the point cloud. The experimental results demonstrate that the method suggested in this paper is superior to the three benchmarks in terms of watercolor’s texture, color transition, highlight part, and iteration time, as well as its ability to enhance the 3D effect.
INFLUENCE OF INTER- AND INTRA-CELLULOSE FIBERS IN PAPER SUBSTRATE FOR FLEXIBLE MICROFLUIDIC CHANNEL INTEGRATION
Authors: YADAV SUPRIYA , SINGH KULWANT , GUPTA ANMOL , SHARMA NITI NIPUN , AKHTAR JAMIL
Published: April 2023

In recent times, among all the substrates used in microfluidic systems, cellulose paper is used as a handy, low-cost substrate that has gained attention for carrying fluid on its surface over capillary pressure. Cellulose paper substrate has exhibited great potential on microfluidic devices owing to prevalent obtainability, easy fluid (sample) flow system, flexibility, and low cost. Cellulose paper is fibrous, biocompatible, and hydrophilic in nature due to the hydroxyl group of the cellulose molecule. Based on the dominance of functional hydroxyl groups, cellulose is very reactive and every single cellulose fiber acts like a microchannel on the paper substrates. Aggregation of inter- and intra-cellulose fiber chains has a strong binding affinity to it and toward materials containing hydroxyls groups. In this paper, impact of inter- and intra-cellulose fiber on the paper substrate has been discussed through an experimental study. For the addition of work a “hydrophobic penetration-on-paper substrate (Hyp-POP)” method has been shown by using TiO2 ink as a hydrophobic material to design the microfluidic channel on the Whatman cellulose filter paper (grade 1) as a paper substrate. In this experimental study, the intra-cellulose fibers of paper substrate interact through hydrogen bonds with water molecules and form a hydrophilic surface on paper substrate while TiO2 binds with intra-cellulose fibers by electrostatic forces which change the crystallinity of intra-cellulose fiber and make the surface of paper substrate; hydrophobic. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) analysis is conceded for microfluidic channel analysis on the paper surface and EDS is carried out for TiO2 ink contents analysis. It has been experimentally observed that the printing material of TiO2 ink with 17.2% Ti content is suitable to integrate hydrophobic barrier on paper substrate for microfluidic channel fabrication. The wetting ability of Whatman cellulose filter paper (grade 1) was further evaluated by contact angle measurements (Data physics OCA 15EC). Using “Hyp-POP” method a hydrophobic pattern (width 3140 [Formula: see text]m) on paper substrate has been made for the flow of liquid (blue fountain ink) into a paper fluidic channel (width 1860 [Formula: see text]m) without any leakage.
Construction of quantum MDS codes from generalized Reed–Solomon codes
Authors: Lu Mingwei , Zhu Shixin
Published: April 2023

Quantum maximum-distance-separable (MDS) codes play an important role in the quantum codes. The previous quantum MDS codes had been constructed according to [Formula: see text] is odd or even. However, such classification omits to consider some special categories of quantum MDS codes. Because of this, we will discuss the other classifications of [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we construct some new [Formula: see text]-ary quantum MDS codes from generalized Reed–Solomon codes by using Hermitian construction, and prove that these quantum MDS codes have minimum distance greater than [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text].
A Design of Auxetic Metamaterial with Locally Resonant Bandgaps Using Topological Optimization
Authors: Liu Liangshu , Lee Heow Pueh
Published: April 2023

In the past two decades, auxetic metamaterials have shown their potential in many fields such as energy absorption and vibration mitigation. Many mechanisms have been proposed to guide the design of their microstructures. More recently, structural optimization methods, especially topology optimization, have been employed for the design and optimization of metamaterials. In this paper, topology optimization was employed with the SIMP method and MMA optimizer for the design of auxetic metamaterials. The negative Poisson’s ratio was verified by numerical simulation. Bandgap study was also conducted on the optimized layout and it showed that the optimization also achieved auxetic metamaterials with two narrow locally resonant bandgaps in addition to broadening and lowering the bandgap of the initial configuration.
Light-Propelled Self-Swing of a Liquid Crystal Elastomer Balloon Swing
Authors: Liang Xiaodong , Ding Jun , Li Kai
Published: April 2023

Light-propelled self-oscillation based on liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) has been widely harnessed in designing soft robotics and actuating automatic machine fields due to no additional human control, precise manipulation and fast response. In this study, the light-propelled self-swing manner of an LCE balloon swing upon constant illumination is originally constructed and the corresponding nonlinear dynamic model is built. The solution strategy for evolving equation with respect to the swing angle is presented in light of Runge–Kutta explicit iterative approach. Two representative motion manners, i.e., static manner and self-swing manner, are presented. Self-swing mechanism is elucidated where the contraction and relaxation of the LCE balloon is coupled with the back-and-forth swing process and constant light energy from the environment is absorbed by the LCE balloon to compensate for the damping dissipation of the system. The impact of system parameters on self-swing is elaborated. The obtained results evince that self-swing motion can be triggered and tuned by virtue of some system parameters involved. Meanwhile, the frequency and amplitude of self-swing can be tailored to practical needs. Further, the results also furnish new insights into understanding of self-swing phenomenon and present new designs for future self-actuated soft micro-robotics system.
Coupling Phase-Field LB–MP Method for Multiphase Fluid–Deformable Solid Interaction Problems Involving Large Density and Viscosity Contrasts
Authors: Liu Yu , Ye Hongfei , Zhang Hongwu , Zheng Yonggang
Published: April 2023

A novel coupling phase-field lattice Boltzmann–material point (phase-field LB–MP) method is proposed in this work for multiphase fluid–solid bidirectional interaction problems. In this method, the phase-field lattice Boltzmann (LB) scheme is used to describe the multiphase incompressible fluid behaviors for its capability of dealing with binary-fluid system with large contrasts in both density and viscosity. The convected particle-domain interpolation-based material point method (MPM) is further adopted to capture the soft solid responses for its advantage in large deformation simulation and solid boundary representation. To bridge the solid and fluid phases, the Lagrangian marker points-based representation is proposed to explicitly depict the multiphase fluid–solid interface. Moreover, the hybrid bounce-back model is employed to effectively evaluate the unknown distribution functions and the contact angle specifying strategy for wetting boundary condition is developed for curved interface. The Galilean-invariant momentum exchange scheme and the distribution model are respectively taken into account to deal with hydrodynamic and capillary forces, and the interface-tracking force imposing strategy is developed for large deformation of solid. Additionally, the refilling algorithm is also considered for moving or deformable fluid–solid interface. There is no re-meshing operation needed for both fluid and solid parts in our phase-field LB–MP method. Three numerical examples are presented for progressively rigorous validations, which demonstrate that our phase-field LB–MP method has the capability of solving the multiphase fluid–deformable solid bidirectional interaction problems involving solid large deformation and binary-fluid behavior with large contrasts in both density and viscosity.
Cross-diffusion induced Turing instability of Hopf bifurcating periodic solutions in the reaction–diffusion enzyme reaction model
Authors: Liu Haicheng , Yuan Wenshuo , Ge Bin , Shen Jihong
Published: April 2023

Aiming at the spatial pattern phenomenon in biochemical reactions, an enzyme-reaction Sporns-Seelig model with cross-diffusion is chosen as study object. Applying the central manifold theory, normal form method, local Hopf bifurcation theorem and perturbation theory, we study Turing instability of the spatially homogeneous Hopf bifurcation periodic solutions. At last, the theoretical results are verified by numerical simulations.
Impact of oxygen-containing carbonyl and ether groups on dielectric properties of poly(oxa)norbornene cyclic olefins
Authors: Wu Chao , Deshmukh Ajinkya A. , Chen Lihua , Ramprasad Rampi , Sotzing Gregory A. , Cao Yang
Published: April 2023

Flexible dielectric polymers that can withstand high electric field and simultaneously have high dielectric constant are desired for high-density energy storage. Here, we systematically investigated the impact of oxygen-containing ether and carbonyl groups in the backbone structure on dielectric properties of a series of cyclic olefin. In comparison to the influence of the –CF3 pendant groups that had more impact on the dielectric constant rather than the band gap, the change of the backbone structure affected both the dielectric constant and band gaps. The one polymer with ether and carbonyl groups in the backbone has the largest band gap and highest discharge efficiency, while it has the lowest dielectric constant. The polymer without any ether groups in the backbone has the smallest band gap and lowest discharge efficiency, but it has the highest dielectric constant. Polymers that have no dipolar relaxation exhibit an inversely correlated dielectric constant and band gap. Enhancing the dipolar relaxation through rational molecular structure design can be a novel way to break through the exclusive constraint of dielectric constant and band gap for high-density energy storage.
Structure and ferroelectric properties of P(VDF-TrFE) films prepared under different conditions — Effect of filtration of the copolymer solution
Authors: Ploss B. , Smykalla D. , Engel S.
Published: April 2023

Vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene copolymer films of molar ratio 70/30 with thickness of about 1 [Formula: see text]m have been deposited from solution in ethyl methyl ketone to a glass substrate with an aluminum electrode by spin coating. The solution has been filtrated through a PTFE membrane filter with pore size 0.2 [Formula: see text]m directly before spin coating or it has been used as is (unfiltrated). After deposition of a top electrode, the samples have been polarized by hysteresis loops with an electric field amplitude of about 100 V/[Formula: see text]m. In samples, annealed at temperature 145[Formula: see text]C for 3 h, a high remanent polarization of about 7.5 [Formula: see text]C/cm2has been achieved, without significant differences between samples fabricated of filtrated or unfiltrated solution. Spherulitic lamella are growing in films fabricated of filtrated solution when they are heated above the melting temperature to 159[Formula: see text]C for 3 min before the further annealing process at 145[Formula: see text]C. These films show substantially lower remanent polarization below 4 [Formula: see text]C/cm2. Pyroelectric images recorded with a pyroelectric laser scanning microscope show that the spherulites have very small pyroelectric activity, i.e., the spherulites consist of flat-on lamella. In contrast, no spherulitic lamella are growing in films fabricated of unfiltrated solution heated above the melting temperature, melted and annealed under the same conditions. An explanation for this observation is that filtrating changes the structure of the copolymer in solution from polymer coil to rod. Copolymer rods deposited on a substrate will crystallize in flat-on lamella when heated above the melting temperature, in contrast to copolymer coils which crystallize in edge-on lamella.
Spot Arbitrage in FX Market and Algorithmic Trading: Speed is Not of the Essence
Authors: Mahmoodzadeh Soheil , Tseng Michael C.
Published: April 2023

The role of algorithmic traders as arbitrageurs and their impact on price efficiency in the foreign exchange market are examined. Algorithmic traders do not improve price efficiency by detecting and exploiting mispriced currency pairs. On the contrary, algorithmic traders contribute to the creation of possible arbitrage opportunities as a byproduct of intensified competition among liquidity providers. On the other hand, the same market-making competition also prevents the creation of arbitrage opportunities via tightening of spread. Moreover, the leftover inventory problem impedes the implementation of round-trip arbitrage trades — thereby rendering many “arbitrage opportunities” that do appear spurious. The latter two factors explain the reduced occurrence of arbitrage opportunities under the increased algorithmic trading presence observed in data.
Hydrocarbon Stapling-Improved Coupled Folding-Upon-Binding of Peptide-Mediated Interaction between the Nucleocapsid and Phosphoprotein of Human Orthopneumovirus
Authors: Shen Jianqiang , Chen Meiyuan , Chen Jianqin , Wu Jiangang , Shen Yan , Chen Yumei , Wang Zhaohui
Published: April 2023

Human orthopneumovirus (OPV) is a common respiratory virus that mostly causes respiratory illness in children. Development of therapeutic strategies to treat OPV infection has attracted considerable interest in the medicinal and biological communities. Over the past decades, significant effects have been addressed on disrupting membrane fusion events by targeting viral fusogenic glycoprotein (F-protein) with chemical small-molecule fusion inhibitors. Here, we focus on the rational design of biologic peptide inhibitors to disrupt the peptide-mediated interaction (PMI) between phosphoprotein (P-protein) and nucleoprotein (N-protein) involved in OPV genomic ribonucleoprotein complex. It is revealed that the core 9-mer peptide segment (C-peptide) derived from the C-terminal tail of P-protein is intrinsically disordered in an unbound state but would be structured into an ordered helical conformation when bound to N-protein, representing a biophysical process known as coupled folding-upon-binding. We demonstrated that the process is a compromise between the favorable enthalpy contribution and unfavorable entropy penalty, thus rendering the weak and transient nature of PMI, which could therefore be readily disrupted by competitive agents. Hydrocarbon stapling strategy was used to constrain the helical conformation of C-peptide in an unbound state by chemically introducing an all-hydrocarbon bridge spanning two [Formula: see text] residues of C-peptide. The stapling is observed to considerably enhance the helical propensity of peptide in an unbound state and to effectively improve the binding affinity of peptide to N-protein. Structural modeling analysis suggests that the stapled counterparts can bind to the active site of N-protein in a similar mode with unstapled C-peptide, where the stapled peptide is folded into a helical-like conformation, its anchor residue Phe241 deeply roots in a small druggable pocket of the active site, and the all-hydrocarbon bridge, as designed, is out of N–C complex interface to avoid disrupting the complex interaction.
Effects of Angiotensin 1-7 Binding on the Dynamics of Human MAS Proto-Oncogene, GPCR: A Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Yasar Ekrem , Murat Yasar M. , Dogru Segun , Yaras Nazmi , Eroglu Erol
Published: April 2023

The understanding of the connections between Angiotensin peptides with the receptors in the Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is not clear yet. The ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MAS axis, commonly referred to as the protective arm of the RAS, plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis within the cardiovascular system. Angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7) is a heptapeptide an integral part of the protective arm of RAS and acts as a ligand binding to the MAS receptor. Understanding the signaling system of the ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MAS axis, which occupies an important place in the RAS, can be considered a serious putative target for the development of new cardiovascular and cancer drugs. It is very important to understand whether the Ang (1-7) ligand binds stably to MAS and, if so, how this affects the dynamics of the receptor. Therefore, we investigated how Ang (1-7) binding affects the stability and communication of the MAS receptor by utilizing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and various computational techniques. Results indicated that Ang (1-7) was stably bonded to the MAS receptor over the 300[Formula: see text]ns simulation period. It was also observed that ligand binding caused a reduction in the fluctuations of the MAS residues. Major changes include a reduction in flexibility of the N-terminal domain, ICL1, ECL1, ECL2, ECL3, TM6 and C-terminal domain residues. Our findings presented in this study may provide a contribution to future studies seeking to gain a deeper understanding of the role of Ang (1-7) interaction with the MAS receptor in the RAS.
Important roles of underground research laboratories for the geological disposal of radioactive wastes: an international perspective
Authors: Mayer Stefan J. , Van Marcke Philippe , Jung Haeryong , Thompson Paul , Acharya Govatsa
Published: April 2023

After decades of research, development and demonstration (RD&D), mature concepts for the geological disposal of long-lived and high-level radioactive waste exist and some are close to being implemented. Underground research laboratories (URLs) have made an essential contribution to this progress. They enable
in situ
characterization and testing of host rocks and the demonstration of technologies and component performances at representative scales and under realistic geological conditions. They also offer a tool for training personnel and show aspects of the geological disposal concepts to stakeholders, including the public. In this paper we will present the different types and roles of URLs and we will discuss how the RD&D role of URLs has evolved and how it is likely to evolve in the near future.
Parallel Finite Field Algorithms for Communications and Sensor Networks
Authors: Yi Haibo
Published: April 2023

Sensor network integrates sensor technology, embedded computing technology, modern network and wireless communication technology, distributed information processing technology, etc. It can monitor, perceive and collect the information of various environments or monitoring objects in real time through various integrated micro sensors, and process the information through the embedded system. The perceived information is transmitted to the user terminal by multi-hop relay through the random ad-hoc wireless communication network. The coding of communications and sensor networks affects the efficiency of communication. The main coding technology is based on finite field. Among operations in finite fields, divisions are time-consuming operations since they are generally computed via inversions and multiplications. We present techniques to exploit extend binary trees for fast divisions in finite fields. We implement the finite field algorithm on Field Programmable Logic Arrays (FPGAs) in a parallel way. The implementation result from FPGAs shows that the parallel finite field algorithm can speed up the process of coding of communications and sensor networks.
Toward Addressing Ambiguous Interactions and Inferring User Intent with Dimension Reduction and Clustering Combinations in Visual Analytics
Authors: Wenskovitch John , Dowling Michelle , North Chris
Published: April 2023

Direct manipulation interactions on projections are often incorporated in visual analytics applications. These interactions enable analysts to provide incremental feedback to the system in a semi-supervised manner, demonstrating relationships that the analyst wishes to find within the data. However, determining the precise intent of the analyst is a challenge. When an analyst interacts with a projection, the inherent ambiguity of interactions can lead to a variety of possible interpretations that the system can infer. Previous work has demonstrated the utility of clusters as an interaction target to address this “With Respect to What” problem in dimension-reduced projections. However, the introduction of clusters introduces interaction inference challenges as well. In this work, we discuss the interaction space for the simultaneous use of semi-supervised dimension reduction and clustering algorithms. We introduce a novel pipeline representation to disambiguate between interactions on observations and clusters, as well as which underlying model is responding to those analyst interactions. We use a prototype visual analytics tool to demonstrate the effects of these ambiguous interactions, their properties, and the insights that an analyst can glean from each.
Efficient Validation Strategies in Environmental Analytical Chemistry: A Focus on Organic Micropollutants in Water Samples
Authors: Hernández Félix , Fabregat-Safont David , Campos-Mañas Marina , Quintana José Benito
Published: April 2023

This article critically reviews analytical method validation and quality control applied to the environmental chemistry field. The review focuses on the determination of organic micropollutants (OMPs), specifically emerging contaminants and pesticides, in the aquatic environment. The analytical technique considered is (gas and liquid) chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (MS), including high-resolution MS for wide-scope screening purposes. An analysis of current research practices outlined in the literature has been performed, and key issues and analytical challenges are identified and critically discussed. It is worth emphasizing the lack of specific guidelines applied to environmental analytical chemistry and the minimal regulation of OMPs in waters, which greatly affect method development and performance, requirements for method validation, and the subsequent application to samples. Finally, a proposal is made for method validation and data reporting, which can be understood as starting points for further discussion with specialists in environmental analytical chemistry.
Digital Histopathology by Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging
Authors: Bhargava Rohit
Published: April 2023

Infrared (IR) spectroscopic imaging records spatially resolved molecular vibrational spectra, enabling a comprehensive measurement of the chemical makeup and heterogeneity of biological tissues. Combining this novel contrast mechanism in microscopy with the use of artificial intelligence can transform the practice of histopathology, which currently relies largely on human examination of morphologic patterns within stained tissue. First, this review summarizes IR imaging instrumentation especially suited to histopathology, analyses of its performance, and major trends. Second, an overview of data processing methods and application of machine learning is given, with an emphasis on the emerging use of deep learning. Third, a discussion on workflows in pathology is provided, with four categories proposed based on the complexity of methods and the analytical performance needed. Last, a set of guidelines, termed experimental and analytical specifications for spectroscopic imaging in histopathology, are proposed to help standardize the diversity of approaches in this emerging area.
Engineered Wood: Sustainable Technologies and Applications
Authors: He Shuaiming , Zhao Xinpeng , Wang Emily Q. , Chen Grace S. , Chen Po-Yen , Hu Liangbing
Published: April 2023

Natural wood has been used for construction, fuel, and furniture for thousands of years because of its versatility, renewability, and aesthetic appeal. However, new opportunities for wood are arising as researchers have developed ways to tune the material's optical, thermal, mechanical, and ionic transport properties by chemically and physically modifying wood's naturally porous structure and chemical composition. Such modifications can be used to produce sustainable, functional materials for various emerging applications such as automobiles, construction, energy storage, and environmental remediation. In this review, we highlight recent advancements in engineered wood for sustainable technologies, including thermal and light management, environmental remediation, nanofluidics, batteries, and structural materials with high strength-to-weight ratios. Additionally, the current challenges, opportunities, and future of wood research are discussed, providing a guideline for the further development of next-generation, sustainable wood-based materials.
Surface Corrosion Inhibition Effect and Action Mechanism Analysis of 5-Methyl-Benzotriazole on Cobalt-Based Copper Film Chemical Mechanical Polishing for GLSI
Authors: Yan Han , Niu Xinhuan , Luo Fu , Qu Minghui , Zhan Ni , Liu Jianghao , Zou Yida
Published: April 2023

With integrated circuit (IC) technology nodes below 20 nm, the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) of cobalt (Co)-based copper (Cu) interconnection has been gradually changed to one-step polishing, which requires rapid removal rate (RR) of Cu while controlling the height differences of concave and convex areas on the Cu surface, and finally achieving global planarization. Co as the barrier material is also required a lower RR to ensure a high Cu/Co removal rate selection ratio. Therefore, choosing the appropriate inhibitor in the slurry is extremely important. The corrosion inhibitor 5-methyl-benzotriazole (TTA) was thoroughly examined in this study for its ability to prevent corrosion on Cu film as well as its mode of action. The experimental results showed that TTA can effectively inhibit the removal of Cu under both dynamic and static conditions, which was also confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) tests. The corrosion inhibition effect and mechanism of TTA was further revealed by open circuit potential (OCP), polarization curve, adsorption isotherm, quantum chemical calculation, UV–Visible and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) tests. It was found that TTA can inhibit the corrosion of Cu by physical and chemical adsorption on the Cu surface, which is conductive to obtain excellent planarization properties. At the same time, it was also found TTA can also inhibit the corrosion of Co by forming Co-TTA and promoting the conversion of Co(OH)2to Co3O4, and a Cu/Co removal rate selection ratio of 104 was obtained, which provides a suitable corrosion inhibitor for the polishing of Co-based Cu interconnection CMP and has a broad application prospect.
First-Principles Study of La2–xYxTi2O7 Solid Solution Antiferroelectrics for High-Efficiency Energy Storage
Authors: Zhou Taibin , Yu Kai , Shi Zhengchai , Lu Qianyi , Wu Yuxiang
Published: April 2023

As a paradigm of engineering antiferroelectric(AFE)-ferroelectric(FE) transition on rare-Earth/titanium complex oxides by solid solution to develop advanced dielectric energy storage materials with high energy density and efficiency, the La2-xYxTi2O7 solid solution antiferroelectrics are theoretically investigated by first-principles calculations of structural stability, band-structure and dielectric polarization hysteresis and AFE-FE transition energy. Dielectric energy storage performances are evaluated and explained by energy density and efficiency as well as AFE or FE phase stability under the electric fields approaching the uppermost critical value determined by electronic band-gap, which highly hinges on field-applying crystallographic orientation and Y-element content. In merit of its multiferroic properties, La2-xYxTi2O7 crystals are demonstrated to acquire energy storage performances of 35 J·cm−3 energy density and 90% efficiency for the amenable maximum electric field of 4 MV·cm−1. The present study is expected to motivate the prospective experimental studies of these potential AFE materials which have so far been rarely deliberated in energy storage applications.
An Efficient Approach of Face Detection and Prediction of Drowsiness Using SVM
Authors: Shukla Ratnesh Kumar , Tiwari Arvind Kumar , Jha Ashish Kumar
Published: April 2023

This article investigates an issue of road safety and a method for detecting drowsiness in images. More fatal accidents may be averted if fatigued drivers are using this technology accurately and the proposed models provide quick response by recognising the driver’s state of falling asleep. There are the following drowsiness models for depicting the possible eye state classifications as VGG16, VGG19, RESNET50, RESNET101 and MobileNetV2. The absence of a readily available and trustworthy eye dataset is perceived acutely in the realm of eye closure detection. On extracting the deep features of faces with VGG16, 98.68% accuracy has been achieved, VGG19 provides an accuracy of 98.74%, ResNet50 works with 65.69% accuracy, ResNet101 has achieved 95.77%, and MobileNetV2 is achieving 96.00% accuracy with the proposed dataset. The put forth model using the support vector machine (SVM) has been used to evaluate several models, and the present results in terms of loss function and accuracy have been obtained. In the proposed dataset, 99.85% accuracy in detecting facial expressions has been achieved. These experimental results show that the eye closure estimation has a higher accuracy and cheap processing cost, as well as the ability of the proposed framework for drowsiness.
Data‐Driven Optimal Tracking Control of Nonlinear Affine Systems Based on Differential Dynamic Programming
Authors: Zhang Bin , Ma Conghui , Yan Lutao , Li Haiyuan , Xia Jiqiang
Published: April 2023

In this paper, a data‐driven differential dynamic programming (DDP) algorithm is presented for the optimal tracking problems of nonlinear affine systems with unknown drift dynamics. Optimal tracking dynamics are established between the system states and expected trajectory. By using the DDP method and test data, a second‐order data‐driven framework of the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation is constructed, in which system approximation and value function approximation are used. By using this framework, a data‐driven iteration algorithm is proposed to achieve the optimal tracking controller. A simulation example is provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Bioinformatics Analysis of the Prognostic Significance of VPS16 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Its Role in Drug Screening
Authors: Gong Xiaoming , Chen Tao , Lin Cheyu , Ping Haiqin , Tong Xin , Zhang Kai , Chen Zhaojun , Cai Caiyun , Lu Zhiyan , Ke Hengning
Published: April 2023

Background. Vacuolar protein sorting 16 (VPS16) overexpression was recently considered related to cancer growth and drug resistance; however, little is known about whether VPS16 plays a vital role in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC). Methods. The TIMER2 online database was used to analyze the expression of VPS16 in pancancer, and the Xena Browser was used to explore the correlation between VPS16 expression level and survival time. R language was used to test the survival data of 374 LIHC cases in the TCGA database. DESeq2 was used for differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis. The HPA database was used to verify the expression level of VPS16 in LIHC. The clusterProfiler package was used to analyze functions and related signaling pathways via GO/KEGG enrichment analysis. Drug sensitivity analysis and molecular docking technology were used to screen the most sensitive drugs targeting VPS16 molecules. Results. Pancancer analysis showed that VPS16 was highly expressed in various tumors, especially in LIHC. With the increase in the T stage and grade of LIHC, the expression level of VPS16 was also increased. The expression of VPS16 was negatively correlated with the overall survival of LIHC patients. The stage can be used as an independent prognostic factor. A total of 63 sensitive drugs were found, and 19 drugs were displaying strong molecular binding energy with VPS16. Conclusion. VPS16 may be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of LIHC. Drugs targeting VPS16 may be used in the treatment of LIHC in the future.
Fused Weighted Federated Deep Extreme Machine Learning Based on Intelligent Lung Cancer Disease Prediction Model for Healthcare 5.0
Authors: Abbas Sagheer , Issa Ghassan F. , Fatima Areej , Abbas Tahir , Ghazal Taher M. , Ahmad Munir , Yeun Chan Yeob , Khan Muhammad Adnan
Published: April 2023

In the era of advancement in information technology and the smart healthcare industry 5.0, the diagnosis of human diseases is still a challenging task. The accurate prediction of human diseases, especially deadly cancer diseases in the smart healthcare industry 5.0, is of utmost importance for human wellbeing. In recent years, the global Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) industry has evolved at a dizzying pace, from a small wristwatch to a big aircraft. With this advancement in the healthcare industry, there also rises the issue of data privacy. To ensure the privacy of patients’ data and fast data transmission, federated deep extreme learning entangled with the edge computing approach is considered in this proposed intelligent system for the diagnosis of lung disease. Federated deep extreme machine learning is applied for the prediction of lung disease in the proposed intelligent system. Furthermore, to strengthen the proposed model, a fused weighted deep extreme machine learning methodology is adopted for better prediction of lung disease. The MATLAB 2020a tool is used for simulation and results. The proposed fused weighted federated deep extreme machine learning model is used for the validation of the best prediction of cancer disease in the smart healthcare industry 5.0. The result of the proposed fused weighted federated deep extreme machine learning approach achieved 97.2%, which is better than the state‐of‐the‐art published methods.
Platoon Intensity of Connected Automated Vehicles: Definition, Formulas, Examples, and Applications
Authors: Jiang Yangsheng , Zhu Fangyi , Yao Zhihong , Gu Qiufan , Ran Bin
Published: April 2023

The strength of connected automated vehicles (CAVs) clustering, namely, platoon intensity, has an essential impact on the traffic capacity, safety, and stability of the mixed traffic flow with CAVs and human-driven vehicles (HDVs). This article proposes the definition, formulas, examples, analysis, and applications of CAV platoon intensity. Firstly, the CAV platoon intensity considering the maximum platoon size is defined, and its mathematical calculation method is developed. Secondly, the three types of value ranges for platoon intensity are discussed. Thirdly, the distribution characteristics of five types of time headways were proposed. Finally, the influence of CAV platoon intensity on the fundamental diagram and traffic safety of mixed traffic flow are analyzed from theoretical derivation and simulation evaluation, respectively. The result suggests the following: (1) According to the sensitivity analysis, an optimal platoon size of 5 vehicles was suggested for the CAV platoon; (2) The penetration rates and platoon intensity of CAVs can improve the capacity of mixed traffic flow, and the increase is gradually more significant; (3) The effect of the increase in platoon intensity on the capacity is not significant enough when the CAV penetration rate is low; (4) A higher platoon intensity is good for dissipating disturbances in the mixed traffic flow; and (5) CAV platoon intensity has a marginal impact on the characteristics of mixed traffic flow with the low penetration rate. It is noteworthy that a reasonable increase in platoon intensity can improve the traffic capacity and safety of mixed traffic flow.
Species Diversity, Structure, and Regeneration Status of Woody Plants in Saleda Yohans Church Forest, South Wollo, Ethiopia
Authors: Mekonnen Amare Bitew , Mohammed Ali Seid , Demissew Aster
Published: April 2023

The study was conducted to determine woody plant species composition, structure, and regeneration status in Saleda Yohans Church forest, South Wollo Zone, Ethiopia. Five transect lines oriented to north-south directions at a distance of about 500 m were laid down along transects across the forest. Fifty main plots of 20 m × 20 m were laid for tree/shrub data collection. Within each main plot, 5 small quadrats of 5 m × 5 m were laid in the corners and centre for the collection of seedling and sapling data of woody species. All vegetation data within the plots were counted and recorded. Tree height and diameters at the breast height of plants were also measured and estimated. Moreover, frequency, basal area, diversity, evenness, and other vegetation data were analyzed. The result showed that this Church forest is composed of 50 woody plant species distributed in 31 families. The Shannon–Wiener diversity index and evenness values of the forest were found to be 3.82 and 0.84, respectively. Lamiaceae was the dominant family followed by Fabaceae in their species composition. The density of trees/shrubs, saplings, and seedlings was 625, 650, and 935 ha−1, respectively. Based on the result, the entire vegetation of Saleda Yohans Church forest is in good regeneration status. In conclusion, although this Church forest appears to be in a good regeneration status, its species richness is low compared to a similar study of some other vegetation. Therefore, attention should be given to the rehabilitation of this forest.
Detection of Apical Dental Resorption Caused by Endodontic Infection in Mice Using Fluorescence and Bright-Field Microscopy
Authors: de Carvalho Marcio Santos , de Almeida-Junior Luciano Aparecido , Ribeiro Yuri Jivago Silva , Arnez Maya Fernanda Manfrin , da Silva Raquel Assed Bezerra , de Carvalho Fabrício Kitazono , Paula-Silva Francisco Wanderley Garcia
Published: April 2023

The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of the fluorescence microscopy method in the detection of apical dental reabsorption after induction of apical periodontitis in animal models. Forty-first molars of mice, aged 6 to 8 weeks, had their root canals exposed to the oral environment or were maintained healthy as controls (

n
=
20

). After 14 and 42 days, mice were euthanized and tissues were collected for histological evaluation by means of bright field and fluorescence microscopy. The accuracy of fluorescence microscopy in identifying apical external dental resorption was investigated using a diagnostic validation test based on the sensitivity (S) and specificity (E) properties. Bright-field microscopy revealed a higher number of specimens with scores of 1 to 3 - absence of apical dental resorption (

n
=
29

; 52%), while fluorescence microscopy revealed a higher number of specimens with scores of 4 to 6 - presence of apical dental resorption (

n
=
37

; 66%). Out of 56 specimens, 26 were TP, 11 were FP, and 19 were TN. No FN result was observed. Fluorescence microscopy presented a sensitivity value of 1, similar to the bright-field method, while specificity was lower (0.633). The accuracy of the fluorescent method to detect apical dental resorption was 0.804. Fluorescence microscopy revealed a higher number of false positive apical dental resorption than bright-field microscopy. The detection of apical dental resorption was not impacted by the sensitivity of the method but by its specificity.
Side‐by‐Side Comparative Study of a Moisturizer and Topical Tacrolimus for Treating Mild to Moderate Atopic Dermatitis: A Randomized Single‐Blinded Clinical Trial
Authors: Shim Joonho , Jung Yeon Joo , Oh Se Jin , Lee Jong Hee , Park Jihye
Published: April 2023

The appropriate use of therapeutic moisturizers could reduce the need for more aggressive treatment in the management of atopic dermatitis (AD). We conducted a randomized, side‐by‐side, single‐blinded, comparative study in 41 mild to moderate AD patients to compare a moisturizer and topical tacrolimus for restoring skin barrier function and managing AD. A moisturizer was applied twice daily for 4 weeks to one side of the flexural areas (moisturizer group). Topical tacrolimus was applied on the other side of the tested area (tacrolimus group). Biophysical skin parameters were measured at baseline, week 2, and week 4. Clinical qualitative assessments were also conducted. Analysis of the trend from baseline to week 4 revealed that the hydration level was significantly increased in both groups (p < 0.01, respectively). No biophysical parameters were significantly different between the two groups. Differences in the modified Eczema Area and Severity Index scores between the baseline and week 4 were significantly higher in the tacrolimus group than those in the moisturizer group (p = 0.002). In the Investigator’s Global Assessment, a significantly larger proportion of patients in the tacrolimus group showed clinical improvement than that in the moisturizer group at week 4 (p = 0.027). Although topical tacrolimus was superior to the moisturizer in preventing the clinical exacerbation of AD, the moisturizer was not inferior to topical tacrolimus in restoring skin barrier function. Therefore, moisturizer is considered to play an essential role in maintenance therapy for AD. Physicians need to emphasize the benefits of moisturizers when educating their patients.
Dupilumab Improves Clinical Scores in Pediatric Patients Aged 2 to <18 Years with Uncontrolled Atopic Dermatitis: A Single‐Center, Real‐World Study
Authors: Wang Yifei , Shen Chen , Liu Danping , Yang Liu , Huang Changzheng , Tao Juan
Published: April 2023

Dupilumab is the first biologic agent approved for treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (AD). Phase 3 clinical trials have shown the efficacy and safety in AD children. However, real‐world evidence is still scarce. Thirty‐nine pediatric patients with uncontrolled AD who regularly received dupilumab were included in a single‐center retrospective study. Eight patients (20.5%) were aged 2 to <6 years, fifteen (38.5%) were 6 to <12 years, and sixteen were 12 to <18 years. Changes in clinical AD scores (EASI, SCORAD, P‐NRS, CDLQI, and POEM) at baseline, week 4 (W4), W10, and W16, as well as safety data were collected. At W16, the average EASI values dropped from 29.0 ± 16.2 to 5.1 ± 4.7, and 22 patients (73.3%) achieved 75% improvement in EASI. 16 patients (53.3%) achieved 75% improvement in SCORAD. Significant reduction was also observed in the changes of P‐NRS, CDLQI, and POEM values. Notably, the change of clinical scores was similar among three age subgroups. At W16, the mean percent decreases in EASI for 2 to <6 years, 6 to <12 years, and 12 to <18 years, and subgroups were 67.3%, 78.5%, and 83.9%, respectively. A total of three cases of adverse effects were recorded, with conjunctivitis seen in two >6‐year‐old patients and the injection site reaction in one <6‐year‐old child. Dupilumab exhibited favorable efficacy and safety profile, including the 2 to <6 years old subgroup.
The Effects of an In Vitro Oocyte Maturation System and Chlorogenic Acid Supplementation during Embryo Culture on the Development of Porcine Cloned Embryos Derived from Native Vietnamese Ban Pigs
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Van , Do Lanh Thi Kim , Nguyen Ngoc-Anh Thi , Kikuchi Kazuhiro , Somfai Tamas , Otoi Takeshige
Published: April 2023

The aim of this study was to improve the production efficiency of Vietnamese native Ban pig embryos using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Fibroblast cells from Ban pigs were injected into the enucleated cytoplasts of crossbred gilts, and the reconstructed embryos were subsequently cultured. In the first experiment, cytoplasts were isolated from oocytes matured in either a defined porcine oocyte medium (POM) or in TCM199 medium supplemented with porcine follicular fluid. Both media were supplemented with gonadotropic hormones, either for the first 22 h of in vitro maturation (IVM) or for the entire 44 h of IVM. In the second experiment, the reconstructed SCNT embryos were cultured with or without 50 μM chlorogenic acid (CGA). Furthermore, this study examined parthenogenetic embryos. The IVM medium and duration of hormone treatment did not affect embryo development. CGA supplementation to the culture medium significantly increased blastocyst formation rates in parthenogenetic embryos but not in SCNT embryos. However, CGA supplementation significantly reduced the apoptotic index in blastocysts regardless of embryo source. In conclusion, the IVM method did not affect SCNT embryo production, while CGA supplementation during embryo culture improved the quality of SCNT embryos in indigenous pig breeds.