bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Exhaustive Exploration of the Semaglutide-GLP-1R Sequence Space towards the Design of Semaglutide Analogues with Elevated Binding Affinity to GLP-1R
Authors: Li Wei
Published: May 2024

Semaglutide is a potent GLP-1 receptor agonist used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus due to its ability to regulate blood glucose levels and promote weight loss. On July 26, 2021, with a manually defined set of computational structural and biophysical analysis, a simple Val27-Arg28 exchange was for the first time introduced in the backbone of semaglutide to strengthen the semaglutide-GLP-1R binding affinity. In this article, a comprehensive structural and biophysical analysis approach is for the first time proposed towards an exhaustive exploration of the semaglutide-GLP-1R sequence space for the design of semaglutide analogues with elevated binding affinity to GLP-1R, thereby potentially enhancing therapeutic efficacy of structurally conceivable semaglutide analogues. Through structure biophysics-based rational design and computational modeling, this article puts forward a set of semaglutide analogues and calculated their binding affinities to GLP-1R, with one particular semaglutide analogue-GLP-1R structural model reaching a Kd of 3.0 × 10-8 M, while the Kd is 3.4 × 10-6 M for the binding of native semaglutide to GLP-1. Overall, the computationally designed semaglutide analogues here constitute a hopeful approach for developing GLP-1 receptor agonists with improved efficacy for the treatment of diabetes and weight management in future.
Understanding the Spectrum and Determinants of Child Abuse and Neglect in Nkpor-Uno, Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Stella Nwankwo Nonyelum
Published: May 2024

This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the spectrum and determinants of child abuse and neglect in Nkpor-Uno, a community in Anambra State, Nigeria. Through a descriptive surveys design, the study explores various forms of abuse and neglect experienced by children, as well as the underlying factors contributing to these phenomena. The population for the study consisted of 1000 parents/ caregivers who are residents of Nkpor-uno. The sample for the study consisted of 100 respondents, purposive sampling techniques was used for the study. The questionnaire was a self-designed structured questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using frequency, mean and standard deviation. Findings reveal alarming prevalence rates of child maltreatment, including physical, emotional, sexual abuse, and neglect. Socioeconomic factors such as poverty, parental substance abuse, family dynamics, and inadequate sex education emerged as significant contributors to child maltreatment. The study underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions and support systems to address the root causes of abuse and neglect and safeguard the well-being and development of children in Nkpor-Uno. By raising awareness, enhancing access to resources, and promoting positive parenting practices, we can strive towards building a safer and healthier environment for children, ensuring they are protected from harm and given the opportunity to thrive.
Genetic Mechanism of Geothermal Water in Huichang Fault Depression Basin, Southern Jiangxi Province, China: Based on Hydrochemical Characteristics
Authors: Han Jihong , Huang Changsheng , Chang Lianyuan , Hou Pingping , Wang Yafeng , Zou Jin , Ren Chonghe
Published: May 2024

The Huichang fault Basin in Jiangxi Province exhibits high terrestrial heat flow values and a dense concentration of hot springs. However, existing research is limited to individual geothermal fields without a comprehensive basin-wide analysis of geothermal water origins. This study investigates the source of geothermal water across five representative geothermal fields using hydrochemical components and isotopic analyses. The findings indicate: (1) The hydrochemical type transitions from bicarbonate sulphate-sodium-calcium in the north to bicarbonate sodium-calcium in the south; (2) Major chemical components of the geothermal water derive from evaporative salt rocks (Cretaceous sand conglomerate cover) and siliceous formations (granite/metamorphic rock basement); (3) The recharge elevation for geothermal water is approximately 1 km, sourced from adjacent hills. The central basin's geothermal water has an apparent age of about 26,000 years, with δ¹³C indicating participation in deep circulation; (4) Thermal reservoir temperatures range from 74 to 113℃, with the lowest temperatures at the basin's edges (Anzishan and Shangjin geothermal fields) and higher temperatures towards the center, suggesting increased warming and a circulation depth of 1.5 to 2.5 km; (5) Simulation results of reverse water-rock interaction indicate that mineral precipitation-dissolution processes are governed by the basin's main thermal control structures. The geothermal fields are predominantly influenced by reduction alterations associated with granite and are closely linked to paleo-geothermal waters in the enclosed basin, with the formation of these fields heavily reliant on the heat production or conduction from radioactive elements in granite.
The Celestial Body Language Implied By The Ayers Rock, Tasmania And Main Island of Australia
Authors: Yan Henghua
Published: May 2024

The Ayers Rock of Australia which is known for its charming colors at different time is actually the Celestial Body Ring of the planet Earth that implies the great Celestial Body Love happened on Earth long long ago. The Tasmania island of Australia which is known for the World Heart is actually in the state of face to face with the main island of Australia, which implies the image spokesperson for the inner core (the heart) of the planet Earth. In other words, with the outline of the main island of Australia, the basic key information of the inner core of the planet Earth could be easily obtained by deducing logically, just like the similarity between the fists and heart of human body. Similar to the mechanism of the blood circulation dominated by the heart of human body, it is dominated and motivated by the inner core of the Earth which forms the circulation of mantle magma between the crust and the inner core, and what leads to the formation of expanding and active area on the equatorial and middle-lower latitude area and the silent and convergent area on the North and South Pole central area. Therefore, the mantle magma whirlpools under the crust on the North and South Pole are supposed to exist logically. The walking sideways of the crabs just implies the celestial body language of the motive trend of the main island of Australia based on their similar outline.
Framework of Smart and Integrated Household Waste Management System: A Systematic Literature Review Using PRISMA
Authors: Wirani Yekti , Eitiveni Imairi , Sucahyo Yudho Giri
Published: May 2024

Household waste is the primary source of environmental pollution due to global population growth compared to other sources of waste. This research aims to develop a smart and integrated household waste management system framework. The resulting framework not only focuses on dimensions of information technology but also links it with other integrated dimensions. This research attempts to conduct a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) protocol to produce a smart and integrated household waste management framework. The framework's design is carried out by identifying the type of household waste management process based on the Integrated Sustainable Waste Management (ISWM) framework, dimensions that support smart household waste management, and stakeholders involved. The SLR results, namely dimensions and subdimensions that support the framework of a smart and integrated household waste management system, were validated by a resource person from the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry. The smart and integrated household waste management framework that has been developed in this research contains five main dimensions: Information Technology, Operational Infrastructure, Governance, Economy, and Social-culture. This framework also addresses stakeholder engagement to support smart household waste management systems and identifies waste management processes based on the ISWM framework. This research uses the PRISMA technique to provide a framework for smart and integrated household waste management systems in the initial stage. The proposed framework has been validated and can be further developed as a smart and integrated household waste management system. This research also contributes to the involvement of various dimensions identified to deal with waste problems.
Implementation of Low Carbon Supply Chain Management Practices (LCSCMP) in Indian Manufacturing Industries Using ISM-DEMATEL
Authors: Gupta Vivek , Jayant Arvind , Singh Kulwant
Published: May 2024

Low carbon supply chain management (LCSCM) strategies are required in the Indian manufacturing industries due to rapidly growing energy usage for financial and environmental concerns. LCSCM technologies face a number of challenges that limit their adoption. Eleven hurdles were selected from the literature as well as the recommendations of business and academic experts. These barriers are defined by a number of factors, including a lack of information, financial worries, environmental concerns, and governmental limits, among others. In addition, efforts are being made to quantify the most optimal relevant barriers using Multi criteria decision making (MCDM) techniques such as interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and decision-making trail and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL). MICMAC analysis is used to estimate the sensitivity and priority of barriers based on dependency power and driving power. One of these barriers is a needed factor; three are driving elements; four barriers are linked factors; and three are self-sufficient factors. The findings of this study can help academic specialists, industry representatives, and practitioners in their ongoing attempts to adopt 'LCSCM techniques' in Indian manufacturing industries. The model is appropriately explained and applies the link between the barriers.The objective of this paper is the Evaluation and selection of most influential of Barriers to Adopt Low Carbon Supply Chain Management (LCSCM) in the Indian Manufacturing Sector is interrelated.
Advances in Laboratory Diagnosis of Coronavirus Infections in Cattle
Authors: van den Hurk Shaun , Regmi Girija , Naikare Hemant K. , Velayudhan Binu T.
Published: May 2024

Coronaviruses cause infections in humans and diverse species of animals and birds with a global distribution. Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) produces predominantly two forms of disease in cattle, a respiratory form, and a gastrointestinal form. All age groups of cattle are affected by the respiratory form of coronavirus whereas the gastroenteric form causes neonatal diarrhea or calf scour in young cattle and winter dysentery in adult cattle. The tremendous impacts of bovine respiratory disease and the associated losses are well-documented and underscores the importance of this pathogen. Beyond this, studies have demonstrated significant impacts on milk production associated with outbreaks of winter dysentery, with up to a 30% decrease in milk yield. Research data so far have shown that the viral structure or strain is not a determinant of tissue tropism and clinical form of the disease. In North America, BCoV was identified for the first time in 1972, and it continues to be a significant economic concern for the cattle industry. The virus is classified under Coronaviridae family, Betacoronavirus genus and Betacorovirus 1 species. A number of conventional and molecular diagnostic assays are available for the detection of BCoV from clinical samples. Conventional assays for BCoV detection include virus isolation, which is challenging from clinical samples, electron microscopy, fluorescent antibody assays, and various immunoassays. Molecular tests are mainly based on nucleic acid detection and predominantly include conventional and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Isothermal amplification assays and genome sequencing have also been used increasingly in recent years for the detection and identification of BCoV. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification, helicase-dependent amplification, recombinase polymerase amplification, and multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification are some examples of the isothermal amplification assays for used BCoV. Point-of-care testing has gained some popularity recently as they can offer user-friendly testing on the farm (barn-side). The present study reviewed literature on coronavirus infections in cattle from the last three and a half decades and presents information mainly on the current and advancing diagnostics in addition to epidemiology, clinical presentations, and the impact of the disease on the cattle industry.
Congenital Complete Heart Block—To Stimulate (When?) or Not to Stimulate?
Authors: Kukla Piotr , Podlejska Beata , Wiliński Jerzy
Published: May 2024

The article presents the case of a 27-year-old female patient with idiopathic congenital complete heart block who was referred by her primary care physician for cardiological evaluation. The conduction disturbance was recognized at the age of 6 years and was asymptomatic. The disqualification from pacemaker implantation included detailed history of a patient’s symptoms, echocardiographic assessment of the heart, exercise testing and ECG Holter monitoring. The aid of salbutamol administered orally was also useful.
Identifying Heterogeneity in SAR Data with New Test Statistics
Authors: Frery Alejandro C , Alpala Janeth , Nascimento Abraao D. C.
Published: May 2024

This paper presents a statistical approach to identify the underlying roughness characteristics in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) intensity data. The physical modeling of this kind of data allows the use of the Gamma distribution in the presence of fully-developed speckle, i.e., when there are infinitely many independent backscatterers per resolution cell, and none dominates the return. Such areas are often called ``homogeneous'' or ``textureless'' regions. The GI0 distribution is also a widely accepted law for heterogeneous and extremely heterogeneous regions, i.e., areas where the fully-developed speckle hypotheses do not hold. We propose three test statistics to distinguish between homogeneous and inhomogeneous regions, i.e., between gamma and GI0 distributed data, both with a known number of looks. The first test statistic uses a bootstrapped non-parametric estimator of Shannon entropy, providing a robust assessment in uncertain distributional assumptions. The second test uses the classical coefficient of variation (CV). The third test uses an alternative form of estimating the CV based on the ratio of the mean absolute deviation from the median to the median. We apply our test statistic to create maps of \(p\)-values for the homogeneity hypothesis. Finally, we show that our proposal, the entropy-based test, outperforms existing methods, such as the classical CV and its alternative variant, in identifying heterogeneity when applied to both simulated and actual data.
Bridging the Gap: Leveraging Informal Software Architecture Artifacts for Structured Model Creation
Authors: Kaplan Josh , Rabelo Luis
Published: May 2024

This study addresses the prevalent gap between formal and informal architectural methodologies in software engineering. Recognizing the potential of informal architecture artifacts in analytical processes, we introduce a groundbreaking methodology that efficiently transforms these informal components into structured formal models. This method facilitates a deeper understanding and utilization of informal diagrams and enhances analytical capabilities through graph analysis techniques. By leveraging user-friendly tools like Draw.io, the methodology democratizes the modeling process, making sophisticated architectural analyses accessible to a broader spectrum of professionals without requiring deep expertise in formal methods. The innovative aspects of this methodology lie in its ability to streamline the transformation process, significantly improving both the efficiency and effectiveness of model creation and analysis. These enhancements are demonstrated through a practical application involving a sample architecture diagram, where the resulting model is thoroughly analyzed using advanced graph analysis tools like Python's NetworkX library and Neo4j. This approach bridges the theoretical and practical divides in software architecture and sets a new standard for integrating informal artifacts into systematic engineering workflows. In addition, considerations for Artificial Intelligence developments are discussed.
Nano(bio)materials Do Not Affect Macrophage Phenotype – A Study Conducted by the REFINE Project
Authors: David Christopher A.W. , Vermeulen Jolanda P. , Gioria Sabrina , Vandebriel Rob J. , Liptrott Neill J.
Published: May 2024

Macrophages are well known for the involvement in the biocompatibility, as well as biodistribution, of nano(bio)materials. Although there are a number of rodent cell lines, they may not fully recapitulate primary cell responses; particularly for those of human cells. Isolation of tissue resident macrophages, from humans, is difficult and may result in insufficient cells with which to determine the possible interaction with nano(bio)materials. Isolation of primary human monocytes, and differentiation to monocyte-derived macrophages, may provide a useful tool with which to study, further, these interactions. To that end, we developed a standard operating procedure for this differentiation, as part of the REFINE project, and used it to measure the secretion of bioactive molecules from M1 and M2 differentiated monocytes in response to model nano(bio)materials, following an initial assessment of pyrogenic contamination which may confound, potential, observations. The SOP was deployed in two partner institutions with, broadly, similar results. The work presented here shows the utility of this assay but, highlights the relevance of donor variability in responses to nano(bio)materials. Whilst donor variability can provide some, logistical, challenges to application of such assays, this variability is much closer to the heterogeneous cells that are present in vivo, compared to homogeneous, non-human, cell lines.
Diagnostic Investigations and Genetic Analysis of Coronavirus, Herpesvirus and Lyssavirus in Bats Located in Tuscany and Latium, Italy
Authors: Tofani Silvia , Ricci Ida , Antonella Cersini , Manna Giuseppe , Conti Raffaella , Lombardo Andrea , La Rocca Davide , Scalisi Marco , Giordani Roberta , Simula Massimiliano , Pietrella Gabriele , Nardini Roberto , Tilesi Erica , Scicluna Maria Teresa
Published: May 2024

Chiroptera includes of over 1,400 bat species with at least 35 of these present in Italy. Due to their role as lyssavirus reservoirs, in Italy, dead bats and oral swabs are routinely submitted to the laboratory network of the Istituti Zooprofilattici Sperimentali within in the framework of the rabies national passive and active surveillance programme. Carcasses and biological samples collected from January to December 2021 in Latium and Tuscany Regions were further screened for the presence of Coronaviruses (CoVs) and Herpesviruses, using pan-family virus PCR tests and relative PCR products were Sanger sequenced. Subsequent to the viral investigations, genetic bat species was also carried out. Viral characterization detected AlphaCoVs in Miniopterus schreibersii and Beta- and Gamma-Herpesviruses in Tadarida Teniotis.
Growth Performance, Blood Metabolites, Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality of Lambs Fed Diets Containing Different Energy Levels Supplemented with Rumen-Protected Choline
Authors: Çelik Salih , Muruz Habip
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to examine the effects of metabolizable energy (ME) level and rumen-protected choline (RPC) supplementation on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, serum energy, lipid, and protein profiles of Karayaka. Individually housed Karayaka lambs (n = 28), with initial body weight (BW) of 26.85 ± 0.26 kg, were randomly assigned (2 × 2 factorial design) to one of four dietary treatments with two levels of ME (optimum: 2750 or low: 2500 kcal ME/kg dry matter) and two levels of RPC (0 or 4 g/d/lamb). The experiment lasted 66 d, with the first 10 d of acclimation and the next 56 d of the formal experimental period. The data on BW, dietary matter intake (DMI), and serum glucose concentrations confirm that our model successfully induced low energy using 250 kcal/kg less energy than the optimum level. RPC supplementation did not significantly affect average daily DMI, total average daily gain (ADG), or feed conversion ratio (FCR) at any energy level. Additionally, there was no substantial effect on carcass characteristics, meat quality, serum lipids, energy metabolism indicators, and liver function parameters. There was also no interaction effect of RPC × ME on the parameters tested. However, at 56 d into the experiment, the interaction effect of RPC × ME on serum urea-N was highly significant, and RPC supplementation led to lower serum urea-N levels (p = 0.001). The results of this study do not support the use of RPC supplementation to improve animal performance or carcass characteristics in lambs that received a reduced diet of 250 kcal ME/kg.
Rupture of Mycotic Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm as a Result of Incompletely Treated Multiple Peripheral Mycotic Aneurysms
Authors: Jang Lee Chan , Kim Dae Hoon , Yoo Kwon Cheol
Published: May 2024

Background A mycotic aortic aneurysm is a rare type of aortic aneurysm that can cause serious and adverse outcomes. Most mycotic aneurysms originate from infectious sources, such as trauma, vegetation in the heart, and adjacent infectious sources. If a mycotic aneurysm is diagnosed, it should be treated simultaneously with the primary source of the infection.
Case Report A 63-year-old male presented to the emergency room with a fever, the primary source of which had not been confirmed, and had not responded to antibiotic treatment for two weeks. Treatment was initiated for a mycotic aneurysm of the brachial artery that occurred suddenly while undergoing treatment for the fever. Further investigation revealed that a mycotic aneurysm of the brachial artery was the cause of the fever, followed by aneurysms in the abdomen and lower extremities, and even vegetation on the heart that was not initially present. The patient declined to undergo treatment for personal reasons. After five months, a contained rupture of the abdominal aortic aneurysm that was initially considered as normal aorta was diagnosed and was treated successfully.
Conclusions A peripheral mycotic aneurysm may be associated with multiple aneurysms. Appropriate diagnosis and complete management are necessary to prevent fatal consequences.
Dynamic Wind Turbines clustering according to SCADA signals shapes
Authors: Marti-Puig Pere , Núñez-Vilaplana Carles
Published: May 2024

In this work, we explore the ability to dynamically group the Wind Turbine (WT) of a Wind Farm (WF) based on the behaviour of some of their Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) signals to detect the turbines that exhibit abnormal behaviour. We centre this study on a small WF of five WTs. We use the fact that the same signals from different turbines in the same WF coherently evolve temporally in a time domain, describing very similar waveforms. In this contribution, we use averaged signals from the SCADA system and omit maximums, minimums and standard deviations, focusing mainly on velocities and other slowly varying signals. For the temporal analysis, sliding windows of different temporal durations and overlapings are explored. The capability to automatically identify WTs whose signals differ from the group’s behaviour can alert and program preventive maintenance operations on such WTs before a major breakdown occurs.
Late Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cell Transplantation in Rats with Sciatic Nerve Crush. Analysis of a Potential Therapeutic Time Window.
Authors: Usach Vanina , Casadei Mailin , Piñero Gonzalo , Vence Marianela , Soto Paula , Cueto Alicia , Brumovsky Pablo , Setton-Avruj Clara Patricia
Published: May 2024

After peripheral nerve injury, axon and myelin regeneration are key events for optimal clinical improvements. We have previously shown that early bone marrow mononuclear cell (BMMC) transplantation exerts beneficial effects on myelin regeneration. In the present study we analyze whether there is a temporal window in which BMMC migrate more efficiently to damaged nerves while still retaining their positive effects. Adult Wistar rats of both sexes, with sciatic nerve crush were systemically transplanted with BMMC at different days post injury. Vehicle-treated, naïve, and sham rats were also included. Morphological, functional, and behavioral analyses were performed in nerves from each experimental group at different survival times. BMMC transplantation between 0 and 7 days after injury resulted in the largest number of nested cells within the injured sciatic nerve, which supports the therapeutic value of BMMC administration within the first week after injury. Most importantly, later BMMC administration 7 days after sciatic nerve crush was associated with neuropathic pain reversion, improved morphological appearance of the damaged nerves, and a tendency toward faster recovery in the sciatic functional index and electrophysiological parameters. Our results thus support the notion that even delayed BMMC treatment may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for peripheral nerve injuries.
IL-6 Polymorphism as a Predisposing Genetic Factor for Gestational Diabetes or Preeclampsia Development in Pregnancy with Obesity: VEGF and VEGFF Receptor Related Gene Expression Modalities
Authors: Halvatsiotis Panagiotis , Tsokaki Theodora , Tsitsis Vassileios , Palaiodimou Lina , Tsivgoulis Georgios , Tsangaris Iraklis , Panagiotou Ourania , Houhoula Dimitra
Published: May 2024

The increased prevalence of obesity worldwide has been implicated for the alarming rise of the incidence of gestational diabetes and preeclampsia as well, both considered as threatening conditions for both mother and fetus. We studied gene polymorphisms of the proinflammatory cytokine Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and the gene expression levels of VEGF and VEGF-receptor all known to be involved in pregnancy complications aiming to identify possible predisposing risk factors in pregnancies with obesity. G allele of IL-6 was found to correspond with an increased risk for gestational diabetes and preeclampsia occurrence. Furthermore, in obese pregnant mothers with either gestational diabetes or pre-existing type 2 diabetes and to those developed preeclampsia it was confirmed that gene expression levels of VEGF were reduced while they were increased for VEGF receptor. We conclude that the genetic profile of the obese pregnant woman shares a common background with that of a pre-existing type 2 diabetes mellitus and therefore predisposes to complications in pregnancy.
Bridging Nature and Nanotechnology: Harnessing Plant-Derived Exosome-Like Nanoparticles for Targeted Therapy in Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Singh Pranjali , Jawanda Ishwerpreet Kaur , Soni Thomson , Madaan Kashish , Sharma Divyani , Koul Khyati , Kumari Seema
Published: May 2024

Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles released by cells that contain nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and other bioactive compounds that play a role in the body's physiological and pathological processes. Exosomes have significant and distinct benefits over synthetic carriers such as liposomes and nanoparticles in the realm of illness diagnostics and therapy due to their endogeneity and heterogeneity. Exosomes are classified as either natural or designed, depending on whether they have been deliberately altered. Natural exosomes are further classified as either animal-derived or plant-derived exosomes. Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PDENs) are comprised of numerous kinds of bioactive biomolecules. As an alternative cell-free therapeutic strategy, they have the ability to transfer nano-bioactive chemicals to the human body, resulting in diverse anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tumour effects. This review focuses on the beneficial effects of plant-derived exosomes against a range of inflammatory conditions, including as periodontitis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), autoimmune skin disorders, and inflammation of the liver, lungs, and intestines. Inflammatory disorders are a major issue because of their widespread influence on both personal health and public healthcare systems. Since these illnesses are persistent, the affected people's quality of life is negatively impacted and long-term morbidity is exacerbated. The complicated interaction of genetic, environmental, and immunological variables in the development of various disorders makes effective prevention and therapy more challenging. Plant exosomes present a promising avenue for developing novel therapeutic strategies against inflammatory diseases, offering unique advantages over other alternatives. In order to exploit this efficient carrier, future research will concentrate on creating a PELNV delivery system with high stability, transdermal volume, and ease of administration. Plant exosomes have the potential to become reliable therapeutic agents for a range of common disorders if they are targeted and generated with interdisciplinary expertise.
Intranasal Delivery of Cell-Penetrating Therapeutic Peptide Enhances Brain Delivery, Reduces Inflammation, and Improves Neurologic Function in Moderate TBI
Authors: Yanamadala Yaswanthi , Roy Ritika , Williams Afrika , Uppu Navya , Kim Audrey Yoonsun , DeCoster Mark A , Kim Paul , Murray Teresa Ann
Published: May 2024

Following traumatic brain injury (TBI), secondary brain damage due to chronic inflammation is the most predominant cause of the delayed onset of mood and memory disorders. Currently no therapeutic approach is available to effectively mitigate secondary brain injury after TBI. One reason is the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which prevents passage of most therapeutic agents into the brain. Peptides have been among the leading candidates for CNS therapy due to their low immunogenicity and toxicity, bioavailability, and ease of modification. In this study, we demonstrated that non-invasive intranasal administration of KAFAK, a cell penetrating anti-inflammatory peptide, traversed the BBB in a murine model of diffuse, moderate TBI. Notably, KAFAK treatment reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines that contribute to secondary injury. Furthermore, behavioral tests showed improved or restored neurological, memory, and locomotor performance in KAFAK-treated mice. This study demonstrates KAFAK's ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, to lower pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in vivo, and to restore function after a moderate TBI.
Process Synthesis, Design and Techno-Economic Assessment of Bio-Succinic Acid Production
Authors: Melitos Georgios , Misailidis Nikiforos , Petrides Demetri , Georgiadis Michael C.
Published: May 2024

This paper investigates the potential of different fermentation feedstocks towards succinic acid production. Three alternative flowsheets were constructed and modelled in SuperPro Designer™, utilizing different fermentation substrates: crude glycerol (a by-product of the biodiesel industry), a commercial 95% glucose syrup and pure glycerol. Techno-economic analysis of the modelled plants showed that all three potential investments can be economically profitable, with the crude glycerol case as the most promising one. The succinic acid production cost for the crude glycerol scenario is estimated at 3.59 $/kg, while a thorough study of the capacity effect to the economics showed that it could drop as low as $2.6 $/kg. Parametric analysis and optimization performed on a flowsheet level, indicated opportunities for lowering the production cost down to 3 $/kg, a value that could pave the framework for a further potential decrease in the selling price of the product.
An Index Used to Evaluate the Applicability of Mid-long Term Runoff Prediction in a Basin Based on Mutual Information
Authors: Xie Shuai , Xiang Zhilong , Wang Yongqiang , Wu Biqiong , Shen Keyan , Wang Jin
Published: May 2024

Accurate and reliable mid-long runoff prediction (MLTRP) is of great importance in water re-sources management. However the MLTRP is not suitable in each basin and how to evaluate the applicability of MLTRP is still a question. Therefore, the total mutual information (TMI) index is developed in this study based on the predictor selection method using mutual information (MI) and partial MI (PMI). The relationship between the TMI and the predictive performance of five models is analyzed by applying five models in 222 forecasting scenarios in Australia. The results over 222 forecasting scenarios demonstrate that, compared with the MI, the developed TMI index can better represent the available information in the predictors, and has more significant negative correlation with the RRMSE with the correlation coefficient between -0.62 and -0.85. This means the model's predictive performance will become better along with the increase of TMI, and there-fore the developed TMI index can be used to evaluate the applicability of MLTRP. When TMI is more than 0.1, the available information in the predictors can support the construction of MLTRP models. In addition, the TMI is used to partly explain the difference of predictive performance among five models. In general, the complex models, which can better utilize the contained infor-mation, are more sensitive to the TMI, and have more significant improvement in terms of predic-tive performance along with the increase of TMI. This research can provide support for the study of MLTRP.
XVI. Yüzyılda İlbasan Şehri Sâkinleri ve Meslekleri
Authors: Şahin Rahman
Published: May 2024

İlbasan, Osmanlı Devleti’ne isyan eden İskender Bey’in faaliyetlerini kontrol altına almak ve bölgenin kuzeyine giden yolları denetlemek için 1466 yılında Fatih Sultan Mehmed tarafından Orta Arnavutluk’ta, bir kale olarak kurulmuştur. Burada tesis edilen emniyet ve refahla birlikte İlbasan, etrafından nüfus celbetmeye başlamış ve zamanla Arnavutluk coğrafyasının en önemli şehirlerinden birisi olmuştur.

Şehirler, tarım dışı mal ile hizmetin üretildiği ve bunların yakın çevre veya daha geniş bir alanda pazarlandığı yerleşim birimleridir. Bu kapsamda bakıldığında İlbasan şehrinde üretilen mal ve hizmetin çeşitliliği sadece sakinlerinin değil aynı zamanda çevresindeki insanların talepleri doğrultusunda şekillenmiştir. Dolayısıyla buradaki esnaf çeşitliliğinin tespiti hem şehir sakinlerinin hem de yakın çevredeki kimselerin talep ettiği ürünleri ortaya çıkartmıştır. Şehirler aynı zamanda sundukları imkânlarla sürekli göç aldığından dolayı insan çeşitliliği bakımından bulundukları coğrafyanın minyatürü gibidir. Bu çerçevede İlbasan şehrinin dini ve demografik özelliklerinin tespiti Arnavutluk coğrafyasının o dönemki yapısının anlaşılması için veri sağlayacaktır.

Cumhurbaşkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi Külliyesi’nde İlbasan Sancağına ait tahrir defterleri bulunmaktadır. İlgili defterlerde bulunan tarihi kayıtlar nitel araştırma yöntemlerinde kullanılan doküman incelemesi yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Tahrir defterinin birden çok ve farklı tarihlerde hazırlanmış olması elde edilen verilerin hem kendi hem de zaman içerisindeki değişimlerinin gözlemlenmesine olanak sağlamıştır. Bu çalışmada farklı tahrir defteri kullanılarak belirtilen tarihte İlbasan şehrinin dini, demografik ve esnaf yapısı ele alınmış ve zaman içerisindeki değişimleri çeşitli tablo ve grafiklerle değerlendirilmiştir.
Analysis of Three Methods to Reduce Bottom Hole Temperature While Drilling in Deep Shale Gas Well: Circulation, Ground Cooling, and Mud Density Reduction
Authors: Zhang G. , Tang M. , Lei H. , He S. , Kong L. , Wang S.
Published: May 2024

During deep shale gas well drilling process, high bottom hole temperature (≥150°C) often causes the conventional rotary steerable tool and logging while drilling (LWD) to malfunction. Therefore, it is essential to reduce the bottom hole temperature for safe and efficient drilling. In this paper, a simplified wellbore temperature model for deep shale gas horizontal well was established based on thermodynamic theory, comprehensively accounting for both mechanical and hydraulic heat source. According to the temperature model, a comparative and analytical investigation is conducted on the applicability range of three cooling methods: circulation, ground cooling, and density reduction. Building upon these research findings, a density reduction scheme is proposed and subsequently implemented on the H29 platform in Luzhou block for field application and cooling effect evaluation. The results indicated that the temperature model is in good agreement with real-time temperature data with an error less than ± 5 %. Variations in mud density also lead to changes in rheological parameters, consequently impacting bottom hole temperature. If the horizontal section is shorter than 1000 m, reducing the inlet temperature can effectively reduce the bottom hole temperature. But once the horizontal section exceeds 1500 m, reducing mud density is much more effective. With field application on H-29-1 and H-29-6, mud density was reduced from 2.25 g/cm3 to 1.80 g/cm3, resulting in a maximum bottom hole temperature of 143°C in the horizontal section, and rotary steerable tools and screw worked stably in downhole. Compared to the other wells that bottom hole temperatures are all above 152 °C (up to 155.7 °C), the maximum bottom hole temperature decreased by 9-14°C. Furthermore, in the horizontal section, the pure drilling time is significantly reduced, no overflow, sticking and other accidents occur, and the Rate of Penetration (ROP) is increased by more than 45 %, the pump pressure is reduced by 2-5MPa. All phenomena show that lower mud density can not only effectively reduce the bottom hole temperature, but also improve the drilling efficiency, which has positive significance for the development of deep shale gas.
GRE Lined Carbon Steel Tubing Performance in Sweet Corrosion Environments for Wells Equipped with Electrical Submersible Pumps
Authors: Al-Majdli A. F. , Al-Methen B. , Al-Hasash B. W. , Al-Mutairi M. , Rajagopalan V. , Suryadi R. , Al-Ajeel H. , Al-Harbi N.
Published: May 2024

The majority of oil production at the Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) rely on Electrical Submersible Pumping (ESP) systems. One such reservoir in Kuwait with over than 120 producing well equipped with electrical submersible Pumps are exposed to a harsh production environments including corrosive fluids (sweet corrosion due to presence of Co2). Historical data shows that over 40% of all pulled Electrical Submersible Pumps where dismantle inspection and failure analysis (DIFA) were performed in the past 4 to 5 years within the field have failed due to corrosion within the well completion (mainly corrosion in the tubing) or in Electrical Submersible Pump components. When analyzing existing data (reservoir, design, equipment specifications, operation and DIFA) the majority of failed wells equipped with Electrical Submersible Pump show signs of corrosion in the tubing although they rarely appear on the ESP components. Further analysis shows that 80% of these completion (mainly tubing) failures occur between 4 to 18 months where the tubing used in these cases are all found to be of carbon steel metallurgy.

Sweet corrosion is one of the major issues for wells equipped with electrical submersible Pump in one of reservoir located in Kuwait. An increase in water cut percentages in the reservoir has led to increased CO2 corrosion rate in the saline formation water (high chloride level). The collected data shows that more than 40% of all pulled electrical submersible Pumps where DIFA have been performed were due to corrosion in the completion components (mainly corrosion hole in the tubing).

As a proactive measure, KOC have been installing Internally Glass Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) lined carbon steel tubing for wells that have corrosion related tubing failures. In additional, KOC decided to enhance the Electrical Submersible Pump components specifications to mitigate the risk related to sweet corrosion.

This paper shows a field study for 36 cases where Internally Glass Reinforced Epoxy lined carbon steel tubing were used on existing failed wells due to corrosion to evaluate the effectiveness of using GRE lined tubing when exposed to the same harsh environments (sweet corrosion) and the resulting equipment run life. When compared with conventional carbon steel tubing, a significant increase in run life and reduction of numbers of completion failures are recorded. Over all, the average run life for all cases has improved by over 422 days.

This study will help ESP operators facing similar challenges to understand the effectiveness of using Internally Glass Reinforced Epoxy lined carbon steel tubing as a replacement for conventional carbon steel tubing towards mitigating sweet corrosion environments.
Mechanism and Pressure Behavior of Fracturing Flooding Wells in Tight Reservoir
Authors: Wang Yang , Weng Zhoutian , Kadet Valery V. , Feng Naichao
Published: May 2024

Fracturing flooding is a new energy-supplement technique emerging in recent years, which requires delivering high-efficiency oil agents to the sites with enriched remaining oil through fracturing. In this paper, we introduce the main characteristics of fracturing flooding technique. The pressure responses of induced horizontal fracture of injection well is obtained by modelling the fluid flow in the fractures with variable-mass-radial flow by point source method. The fracture-closure induced flow-rate change is considered by Duhamel’s principle. Compared with conventional fractured well, the fracture properties in fracturing flooding wells vary with time during the shut-in testing period since they are not strengthened by proppants. Linear-flow analysis, fracture-storage coefficient analysis, and fracturing flooding interference analysis methods are comprehensively discussed and compared to estimate the fracture parameters based on the measured bottom-hole pressure data.
Mitigating Well Integrity Challenges of Vintage Wells: A Case Study from Mumbai Offshore Field
Authors: Jose Justin , Yahiya Nazarul , Chowdhury Biswajit , Bhatnagar Ajay , Garg BP
Published: May 2024

Vintage wells, characterized by their age, often present structural integrity challenges, necessitating specialized approaches to ensure their safety and longevity. In Mumbai’s offshore region, the operator oversees over 250 wellhead platforms, the majority of which are more than 25 years old. Given the high demand for increased recovery factors and production rates, a comprehensive well rehabilitation strategy was imperative.

Prior to the rig deployment, based on various comprehensive assessments, found that surface casing parted below the wellhead in five specific wells due to severe corrosion. In light of the findings, all wellheads, 30" conductor casings, 20" surface casings, and in a few cases, the 13 3/8" intermediate casings were replaced, specifically from the boat landing deck. The onset of the monsoon season was an additional challenge faced by this project. With the help of pre job analysis, planning and the on-site execution, the integrity of the five wells has been reinstated. It helped in avoiding the abandonment of existing wells, slot recovery activities like changing the entire conductor and surface casings and further drilling of new wells with different directional trajectories. The uncertainties faced are controlling gas bubbling from the annulus of 9 5/8" (production casing) - 13 3/8" (intermediate casing) in one of the wells and requirement of changing intermediate casing (13 3/8") in another well. The method of carrying out the casing replacement activity from the boat landing deck was implemented in consideration with prevailing oil and gas standards and procedures. Thereby, the three water injector wells are serving their intended purpose by contributing to the improvement of reservoir pressure, while the two oil producer wells are enhancing oil exploitation from the carbonate reservoir.

The implementation of innovative methods, comprehensive risk analyses, and stringent safety precautions contributed to the timely and efficient completion of the project, ultimately enhancing reservoir pressure and augmenting oil production from the carbonated reservoir. This paper provides a detailed account of the methodology, pre-job planning for casing repair and wellhead replacement, on-site execution, successful completion of the well restoration process, and the precautionary initiatives to address possible casing integrity issues in the future.
Advanced Produced Water Management in the Oil and Gas Industry: A Comprehensive Examination of Cutting-Edge Treatment Technologies
Authors: Khammo M. , Obedkov A. , Aljarwan R. , Alhebshi M. , Alnuaimi H. , Almri M. , Hassan A.
Published: May 2024

The examination of advanced produced water treatment technologies reveals their remarkable effectiveness in reducing total suspended solids (TSS), oil-in-water content, and improving water quality. Various case studies confirm significant reductions in TSS levels and a substantial decrease in oil-in-water content, demonstrating the efficiency of advanced membrane filtration, electrocoagulation, and biological treatment systems.

Moreover, these advanced technologies offer enhanced operational flexibility, enabling oil and gas operators to adapt their treatment processes to varying water compositions and flow rates. This adaptability is particularly crucial in regions with stringent environmental regulations, where maintaining compliance is paramount.

Furthermore, the technical case study provides comprehensive data-driven insights. It underscores that the integrated treatment system not only met but exceeded expectations. Rigorous analytical assessments validate the attainment of stringent compliance with regional environmental statutes and permit requirements. Notably, a substantial reduction in off-site produced water disposal volume was achieved, supported by meticulous data analysis, reflecting significant cost savings and a reduced environmental footprint.

The implementation of advanced monitoring and control systems represents a significant advancement in the optimization of produced water treatment processes. These systems leverage real-time data monitoring, enabling operators to continuously track key treatment parameters such as flow rates, pressure, temperature, and water quality indicators.

Furthermore, real-time data monitoring allows operators to identify potential issues or inefficiencies in the treatment process early on. By addressing these issues promptly, operators can prevent costly downtime and production losses. Additionally, these systems can generate detailed performance reports and analytics, providing operators with valuable insights into the overall efficiency and effectiveness of their treatment processes.

Overall, the implementation of advanced monitoring and control systems has revolutionized produced water treatment operations by enhancing efficiency, reducing operational costs, and improving overall process reliability

In conclusion, this research underscores the tangible accomplishments of advanced produced water treatment technologies in practical applications. These technologies, validated by comprehensive data analysis, offer economic, environmental, and operational advantages, making them a valuable addition to the oil & gas industry’s best practices. Advanced treatment technologies not only enhance environmental stewardship but also drive operational efficiencies and cost-effectiveness, positioning them as integral components of sustainable water management strategies in the oil & gas sector.