bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biomineralization plasticity and environmental heterogeneity predict geographical resilience patterns of foundation species to future change
Authors: Telesca Luca , Peck Lloyd S. , Sanders Trystan , Thyrring Jakob , Sejr Mikael K. , Harper Elizabeth M.
Published: August 2019

Although geographical patterns of species' sensitivity to environmental changes are defined by interacting multiple stressors, little is known about compensatory processes shaping regional differences in organismal vulnerability. Here, we examine large‐scale spatial variations in biomineralization under heterogeneous environmental gradients of temperature, salinity and food availability across a 30° latitudinal range (3,334 km), to test whether plasticity in calcareous shell production and composition, from juveniles to large adults, mediates geographical patterns of resilience to climate change in critical foundation species, the mussels Mytilus edulis and M. trossulus. We find shell calcification decreased towards high latitude, with mussels producing thinner shells with a higher organic content in polar than temperate regions. Salinity was the best predictor of within‐region differences in mussel shell deposition, mineral and organic composition. In polar, subpolar, and Baltic low‐salinity environments, mussels produced thin shells with a thicker external organic layer (periostracum), and an increased proportion of calcite (prismatic layer, as opposed to aragonite) and organic matrix, providing potentially higher resistance against dissolution in more corrosive waters. Conversely, in temperate, higher salinity regimes, thicker, more calcified shells with a higher aragonite (nacreous layer) proportion were deposited, which suggests enhanced protection under increased predation pressure. Interacting effects of salinity and food availability on mussel shell composition predict the deposition of a thicker periostracum and organic‐enriched prismatic layer under forecasted future environmental conditions, suggesting a capacity for increased protection of high‐latitude populations from ocean acidification. These findings support biomineralization plasticity as a potentially advantageous compensatory mechanism conferring Mytilus species a protective capacity for quantitative and qualitative trade‐offs in shell deposition as a response to regional alterations of abiotic and biotic conditions in future environments. Our work illustrates that compensatory mechanisms, driving plastic responses to the spatial structure of multiple stressors, can define geographical patterns of unanticipated species resilience to global environmental change.
Not Bound but Committed: Operationalizing the Global Compact on Refugees
Authors: Gilbert Geoff
Published: August 2019

The Global Compact on Refugees is not legally binding, but it gives rise to commitments by the international community as a whole. It is also rooted in international refugee law, international human rights law and international humanitarian law. This article addresses how the GCR cannot give rise to binding obligations in international law, yet provide for enhanced protection and assistance to refugees and hosting communities, and establish commitments for a fairer and more predictable sharing of burdens and responsibilities. It does this by reference to other non‐legally binding international documents and rules of law. Additionally, the use of indicators to measure states’ and other international actors’ performance in operationalizing the GCR provides a framework to measure commitments; coupled with greater humanitarian and development co‐operation, commitments can be better facilitated even if the GCR is not legally binding. Finally, the sharing of burdens and responsibilities is also fulfilled by the emphasis on solutions.
Synthesis and optical properties of novel mixed‐metal cation CsPb1−xTixBr3‐based perovskite glasses for W‐LED
Authors: Shen Linli , Zhang Zelong , Zhao Yi , Yang Haisheng , Yuan Lin , Chen Ya , Xiang Weidong , Liang Xiaojuan
Published: August 2019

In this report, a mixed‐metal cation‐based halide perovskite (HP) CsPb1−xTixBr3 quantum dots (QDs) were first embedded in the B–Si–Zn glasses using a traditional approach of melt quenching and heat treating. A battery of test results such as photoluminescence, X‐ray diffraction, and time‐resolved attenuation prove that Ti ions do not destroy the properties of CsPbBr3, and they are successfully doped into CsPbBr3. At the same time, the doping of Ti ions also reduces the toxicity of lead. By altering the ratio of Pb/Ti, we determined the optimum ratio of CsPb0.7Ti0.3Br3 QDs through experimental data. Due to the excellent optical properties and stability of CsPb0.7Ti0.3Br3 QDs glass, it was designed to construct the white‐light emitting diode device with tunable color coordinate, color rendering index, correlated color temperature, and a high luminous efficiency compared with CsPbBr3 QDs glass, which may be a promising candidate for the field of lighting and displays.
A Participatory Social A/r/tography: Bodies and Houses Metamorphosing from Schools in Tegucigalpa to a Liverpool Tate Exchange Event
Authors: Marin‐Viadel Ricardo , Arias‐Camison Alicia , Varea Ana
Published: August 2019

Social a/r/tography combines three dimensions of a/r/tography (artistic creation, education and research) incorporating a fourth collaborative, participatory community‐based approach. This ongoing project began in two primary and secondary schools located in the slums of Tegucigalpa, Honduras, as cooperative action for curricular development in art education. As participatory action, students created a mural drawing inspired by Sol Lewitt's wall drawings, as well as photo pairs on the theme of body and nature inspired by a lithograph by Uta Barth. The drawings and photographs created by the students in Honduras were presented at an event in the Exchange space of the Tate gallery in Liverpool as visual provocation for the creation of drawings and visual metaphors. The concept of visual dialogue, which we define as ‘to teach human beings to have visual conversations with other humans through the visual content of images’, helps us to consider images as questions which are answered with new images whose meaning is subsequently transformed in function of artistic, school and social contexts.
Arts‐Based Educational Research in Museums: ‘Art for Learning Art’, an A/r/tographic Mediation
Authors: Palau‐Pellicer Paloma , Mena Jaime , Egas Olga
Published: August 2019

This article discusses forms of arts‐based mediation in museums that use creation as the primary tool in the learning process. We present four mediation experiences based on the arts‐based teaching methodologies promoted by the project ‘Art for Learning Art’. These experiences have been developed in four museums: the Centre Pompidou Málaga, the State Russian Museum in Málaga and the Espai d'Art Contemponeo [Center of contemporary art] in Castellón in Spain and the Modern Art Murilo Mendes Museum of Minas Gerais in Brazil. Four experiences in three cities of two countries that work in a methodology which involves participative and collaborative visitor connections with the works exhibited using arts‐based strategies. In all cases, the artistic works of the exhibitions are the conceptual basis for mediation proposals that are offered to the public in order to encourage participation. We link the aesthetic experience as the origin of the mediation process in two fundamental aspects: creation and appreciation. In the act of creative appreciation, most art education objectives are met. The actions and processes are directed by collaborative and contemporary creation strategies around two axes: museum educator‐artists in training and visitors‐artists as learners. In the four experiences that we present here, this confluence takes place. The four events have been adapted to the conditions of the place, public and art exhibitions, contributing new approaches to the model that has been promoted from the University of Granada since 2013.
Cultural Sustainability in Art‐Based Interdisciplinary Dialogue
Authors: Härkönen Elina , Stöckell Antti
Published: August 2019

This article introduces an international and interdisciplinary summer school, ‘Living in the Landscape’ (LiLa) in 2018. LiLa's practices focused on creating dialogue among art education, anthropology and nature science and developing culturally sustainable methods for investigating cultural heritage in the Komi Republic of Russia. The article's research interest is how dialogue and cultural heritage appear in the artistic processes, artworks and final exhibition of the summer school. These are examined through art‐based action research in order to develop international, multidisciplinary and culturally sustainable art education. The four‐field model utilised in the research highlights the multidimensional role of dialogue in both individual and collaborative artistic endeavours.
Efficacy and safety of single vs dual antiplatelet therapy in patients on anticoagulation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Atti Varunsiri , Turagam Mohit K. , Garg Jalaj , Velagapudi Poonam , Patel Nileshkumar J , Basir Mir B , Mujer Mark TP , Rayamajhi Supratik , Abela George S , Koerber Scott , Gopinnathanair Rakesh , Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya
Published: August 2019

Background

Selection of an appropriate antithrombotic regimen in patients requiring oral anticoagulation (OAC) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) still remains a challenge. An ideal 9–2regimen should balance the risk of bleeding against ischemic benefit.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search for studies comparing triple antithrombotic therapy (TAT) vs double antithrombotic therapy (DAT) in patients requiring OAC undergoing PCI was performed in clinicalTrials.gov, PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO Services, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Google Scholar, and various scientific conference sessions from inception to May 1st, 2019. A meta‐analysis was performed using random‐effects model to calculate risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

Fifteen studies were eligible and included 13 967 patients, of which 7349 received TAT and 6618 received DAT. Compared with DAT, TAT was associated with lower risk of myocardial infarction (RR, 0.82; 95%CI, 0.69–0.98; P = .03) and stent thrombosis (RR, 0.66; 95%CI, 0.46–0.96; P = .03). There was no difference in risk of trial defined major adverse cardiac events, all‐cause mortality, and stroke between two groups. Compared with DAT, TAT was associated with higher risk of trial defined major bleeding (RR, 1.67; 95%CI, 1.38–2.01; P < .00001), including thrombolysis in myocardial infarction major bleeding (RR, 1.81; 95%CI, 1.47–2.24; P < .00001) but no significant difference in risk of intracranial bleeding.

Conclusion

In patients requiring OAC undergoing PCI, TAT was associated with a lower risk of myocardial infarction but with a significantly higher risk of major bleeding when compared with DAT.
Ventricular tachycardia in nonischemic cardiomyopathy: Anteroseptal vs inferolateral origin based on ICD ventricular electrogram timing
Authors: Kodali Santhisri , Shirai Yasuhiro , Muser Daniele , Callans David J. , Marchlinski Francis E. , Santangeli Pasquale
Published: August 2019

Introduction

The majority of patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) present a perivalvular substrate that is either predominantly antero‐septal (AS) or infero‐lateral (IL), corresponding to specific ventricular tachycardia (VT) morphologies. The relative timing of far‐field and near‐field ventricular electrograms (EGMs) from stored implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) events of VT may be used to distinguish AS from IL VT in NICM.

Methods and Results

We analyzed 48 patients with NICM with either a primarily AS (54%) or IL (56%) VT source undergoing catheter ablation between 2003 and 2018. Only patients with retrievable ICD‐EGMs of spontaneous VT events which could be matched with VTs induced during the ablation procedure were included. A total of 56 VT events (52% AS origin and 48% IL origin) were analyzed, yielding a mean far‐field to near‐field interval of 31 ± 13 milliseconds for AS VTs and 47 ± 19 milliseconds for IL VTs (P = .001). At receiver operating characteristic analysis (AUC = 0.734), a far‐field to near‐field interval of ≥ 60 milliseconds ruled out AS VTs in 29 (100%) cases and diagnosed IL VTs with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 100% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 63%. An interval of ≤ 20 milliseconds ruled out IL VTs in 25 (93%) cases and diagnosed AS VTs with a PPV of 83% and NPV of 57%. Significant overlap between the two groups was observed among far‐field to near‐field intervals in between 20 milliseconds and 60 milliseconds.

Conclusions

The relative timing of far‐field and near‐field EGMs from stored clinical ICD events of VT can be helpful to differentiate AS vs IL origin of VT in NICM.
Correlations between arrhythmogenic substrate and noninvasive risk stratification in ischemic heart disease patients modifications by radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Voglimacci‐Stephanopoli Quentin , Rollin Anne , Mondoly Pierre , Monteil Benjamin , Mandel Franck , Galinier Michel , Carrié Didier , Maury Philippe
Published: August 2019

Introduction

Several noninvasive risk factors for ventricular arrhythmias have been described in postmyocardial infarction (MI) patients, whose relationships with scar characteristics and modifications by ablation are unknown.

Methods

Twenty‐two patients with previous MI referred for ventricular tachycardia ablation were prospectively included. ECG, heart rate variability (HRV), signal‐averaged ECG (SA‐ECG), and T wave alternans (TWA) were performed before and after radiofrequency ablation. Scar areas were correlated to preablation parameters. Pre and postablation parameters were furthermore compared.

Results

Left ventricular ejection fraction and some spectral and time‐domain HRV parameters were significantly correlated to the scar areas.

QRS duration was larger after vs before ablation (120 ± 29 vs 105 ± 22 msec, P = .01). No significant modification in time or spectral domain of HRV was observed. There was no significant change in TWA and SA‐ECG before and after ablation. Borderline decreases in quantitative TWA parameters were noted in patients with positive TWA and successful ablation procedure.

Conclusion

Some noninvasive risk factors were linked to the scar areas, but few were significantly modified after ablation. Larger populations are needed to demonstrate significant differences or correlations.
Discourse in the Longue Durée: A View of Mayan Poetic Inertia
Authors: Law Danny , Hull Kerry
Published: August 2019

Discourse is dynamic and emergent, yet certain elements of discourse can appear remarkably stable, enduring across centuries. This discursive inertia gives us evidence of discourse in the past, allowing us to put current discursive moments in a longue durée context. Discursive inertia also begs avenues of investigation in its own right. We here discuss the common poetic patterns of chiasmus and difrasismo on one branch of the Mayan language family, consisting of Classic Mayan, documented in hieroglyphic inscriptions, Colonial Ch'olti’, and contemporary Ch'orti’ Mayan. Texts from these languages share poetic discourse that speak to the long perseverance of discursive patterns.
Heightened Discourse and Dialogical Syntax in Tojol‐ab'al Conversation
Authors: Brody Mary Jill
Published: August 2019

Sherzer identifies discourse as “the nexus, the actual and concrete expression of the language‐culture‐society relationship” (1987:296), and offers the term “heightened discourse” for those moments in which language and culture (e)merge in language use. In this paper I use dialogic syntax (Du Bois 2014) to pinpoint moments of heightened discourse in everyday conversation carried out in Tojolab'al. After illustrating the basic dialogic syntax units of diagraphs and processes of resonance with Tojol‐ab'al examples, I then analyze two segments of speech play in Tojol‐ab'al, which abound in repetitions and resonances. Diagraphs of segments of these interactions highlight the parallel structure of the talk, which centers on culturally important topics. The dense resonance of repetition and parallelism in these segments reveal them to be heightened discourse. Resonance and heightened discourse are both characterized by an exuberant level of engagement among interlocutors.
Evolution of renal function under direct‐acting antivirals treatment for chronic hepatitis C: A real‐world experience
Authors: Tsai Ming‐Chao , Lin Chun‐Yen , Hung Chao‐Hung , Lu Sheng‐Nan , Tung Shui‐Yi , Chien Rong‐Nan , Lin Chih‐Lang , Wang Jing‐Houng , Chien‐Hung Chen , Chang Kuo‐Chin , Hu Tsung‐Hui , Sheen I‐Shyan
Published: August 2019

Renal toxicity of direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients has not been well‐characterized. The aim of this study was to assess renal safety of DAAs in an Asian CHC patient cohort. Data from CHC patients (n = 1536) treated with DAAs were used in this retrospective study. Serial estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at pretreatment (1‐year prior to treatment), baseline, end of treatment (EOT), and 12 weeks after treatment (SVR12) was evaluated. While a significant decrease in eGFR from baseline to EOT (84.8 → 81.8 mL/min/1.73 m2, P < .001) was observed; subsequently, a slight rise at SVR12 (84.3 mL/min/1.73 m2) was also evident. Changes in eGFR after DAA treatment were similar to those seen in PrOD, DCV/ASV and GZP/EBV regimens, except in the SOF‐based regimen wherein eGFR remained unchanged from EOT to SVR12, especially in liver transplant recipients. Multivariate analysis revealed that age >65 years (OR = 1.862, P = .011), baseline eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (OR = 2.684, P = .023), and liver transplant (OR = 3.894, P = .001) were independent risk factors for deteriorating renal function. In conclusion, DAA treatment led to a significant decline in eGFR at EOT but was followed by a slight rise at 12 weeks after treatment. A similar trend was observed with PrOD, DCV/ASV and GZP/EBV, but not in SOF‐based regimens. As age >65 years, baseline eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and liver transplantation are significant risk factors for deterioration in renal function, we strongly advice close monitoring of renal function in these populations.
Mitochondrial genome of Amblyomma javanense: a hard tick parasite of the endangered Malayan pangolin (Manis javanica)
Authors: Duan D.‐Y. , Tang J.‐M. , Chen Z. , Liu G.‐H. , Cheng T.‐Y.
Published: August 2019

Amblyomma javanense is an important ectoparasite of Manis javanica, although the population genetics, molecular biology and systematics of A. javanense remain poorly understood. In the present study, the mitochondrial genome of A. javanense was sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq sequencing platform (Illumina, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.) and compared with the genomes of two closely related species: Amblyomma fimbriatum and Amblyomma americanum. The intraspecies and interspecies relationships of A. javanense and another 21 selected species were investigated by constructing a maximum‐likelihood tree and a neighbour‐joining tree. The mitochondrial genome of A. javanense was 14 780 bp in length and contained 13 protein‐coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes and two control regions. The results of the comparisons indicate that there is great similarity among these three species, and both trees indicate that A. javanense is a member of the Amblyomminae. The study of A. javanense of pangolins also indicates the premise and foundation of the relationship between the parasite and other species.
Olfactory responses of Amblyomma maculatum to rumen fluid and other odourants that attract blood‐seeking arthropods
Authors: Garner K. D. , Payton M. E. , Talley J. L. , Noden B. H.
Published: August 2019

Amblyomma maculatum Koch (Ixodida: Ixodidae) has emerged as a significant vector of human and companion animal diseases in the U.S.A. When expanding in range, A. maculatum can be difficult to collect in the field and control on livestock. A novel method is needed to improve the field collection of A. maculatum, as well as to control their effects as ectoparasites of livestock and companion animals. The present study aimed to test the effects of known volatiles on the activation and selection choices of A. maculatum in a laboratory‐based Y‐tube assay and field‐based assays. Although the majority of adult A. maculatum were activated to move by five of the seven semiochemicals tested, only rumen fluid significantly attracted ticks to make a selection in the Y‐tube apparatus. Rumen fluid attracted the most A. maculatum in the laboratory, with 56% (84/150) making it to the rumen Y‐tube arm, although the results were not replicated in semi‐field experiments. These studies highlight the need for continued work to identify attractants for tick vectors that will assist field collections. These attractants could also be incorporated into management strategies that lead to prevention technologies to reduce tick burdens on cattle or in risk areas of humans.
Visual system disorders and musculoskeletal neck complaints: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sánchez‐González María Carmen , Gutiérrez‐Sánchez Estanislao , Sánchez‐González José‐María , Rebollo‐Salas Manuel , Ruiz‐Molinero Carmen , Jiménez‐Rejano José Jesús , Pérez‐Cabezas Verónica
Published: August 2019

Accommodation disorders and nonstrabismic binocular dysfunctions affect patients’ binocular system and visual performance. These visual disorders could be associated with musculoskeletal discomfort in the neck and shoulder area. The purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to ascertain the relationship between visual system disorders and the musculoskeletal system of the neck. The review protocol is available in PROSPERO (CRD42018112771). All articles selected examined the relationship between neck conditions (chronic neck pain and whiplash) and the visual system in adult populations. Studies with optometric or physiotherapeutic measurements were included. Bias risk was evaluated with the modified Cochrane Collaboration Tool and Study Quality Assessment Tool. To provide complete quality assessment evidence, the authors applied the GRADEpro Guideline Development Tool. The literature search was conducted in November 2018 and yielded 745 studies among all the databases. Out of these studies, 21 were finally included. Most of the studies presented a moderate methodological quality. Only one high‐quality trial was found. Based on a qualitative assessment, our systematic review and meta‐analysis revealed that all included studies established a relationship between the visual system and musculoskeletal system of the neck. However, the methods for the measurement of the visual system lacked uniformity.
Do Optimization Models for Humanitarian Operations Need a Paradigm Shift?
Authors: De Vries Harwin , Van Wassenhove Luk N.
Published: August 2019

Optimization approaches for planning and routing of humanitarian field operations have been studied intensively. Yet, their adoption in practice remains scant. This opinion paper argues that effectiveness increase realized by such approaches can be marginal due to triviality of planning problems, external constraints, and information losses. Cost increases, on the other hand, can be substantial. These include costs of implementation and use, data gathering, and mismatches with organizational cultures. Though such costs are a key concern for humanitarian organizations, OR/MS studies typically consider effectiveness measures only. We argue a paradigm shift towards cost‐effectiveness maximization and increasing the strength of the presented evidence is needed and discuss corresponding future research needs.
Inter‐observer variation in image interpretation and the prognostic importance of non‐expansile lung in malignant pleural effusion
Authors: Martin Geoffrey A. , Kidd Andrew C. , Tsim Selina , Halford Paul , Bibby Anna , Maskell Nick A. , Blyth Kevin G.
Published: August 2019

Background and objective

Non‐expansile lung (NEL) frequently complicates management of malignant pleural effusion (MPE) and is an important factor in clinical practice and trials. NEL is frequently diagnosed on a single radiographic observation, but neither the inter‐observer agreement of this approach nor the prognostic importance of NEL in MPE has been reported.

Methods

A multicentre retrospective cohort study was performed in two UK pleural centres. NEL was defined as <50% pleural re‐apposition on post‐drainage radiographs by primary and secondary assessors at each site. Inter‐observer agreement was assessed by Cohen's kappa (κ). Kaplan–Meier methodology and multivariate Cox models were used to assess the prognostic impact of NEL versus no NEL and ‘complete NEL’ versus ‘complete expansion’, based on a single assessor's results from each site.

Results

NEL was identified by the primary assessor in 33 of 97 (34%) in Cohort 1 and 15 of 86 (17%) in Cohort 2. Inter‐observer agreement between assessors was only fair‐to‐moderate (Cohort 1 κ: 0.38 (95% CI: 0.21–0.55), Cohort 2 κ: 0.51 (95% CI: 0.30–0.72)). In both cohorts, NEL was associated with shorter median overall survival (Cohort 1: 188 vs 371 days, Cohort 2: 192 vs 412 days). This prognostic association was independent in Cohort 1 (hazard ratio (HR): 2.19, 95% CI: 1.31–3.66) but not in Cohort 2 (HR: 1.42, 95% CI: 0.71–2.87). Survival was inferior in both cohorts in cases of complete NEL versus complete expansion.

Conclusion

Radiographic NEL is common but inter‐observer agreement is only fair‐to‐moderate. NEL is associated with adverse survival. These data do not support the use of single radiographic assessments to classify NEL.
Conservative and endodontic treatment performed under general anesthesia: A discussion of protocols and outcomes
Authors: Linas Natacha , Faulks Denise , Hennequin Martine , Cousson Pierre‐Yves
Published: August 2019

Aims

This work discusses the procedures and outcomes of restorative and endodontic treatments performed under general anesthesia, with examples from the Unit of Special Care Dentistry at the University Hospital of Clermont‐Ferrand.

Methods and results

The restorative and endodontic treatment techniques used in the Special Care Unit are described. These techniques are compared to existing reports in the literature of treatment procedures under general anesthesia. Little evidence was found in the literature regarding sealants or restorative protocols. A few studies described root canal treatment and pulpotomy protocols carried out under general anesthesia, and the results of these met academic outcome standards.

Conclusion

Patients with equal needs should have equal access, equal quality of treatment and equal treatment outcomes, regardless of whether a facilitatory procedure is used to achieve treatment. The provision of restorative treatment under general anesthesia is essential to avoid an excessive number of extractions in patients unable to receive treatment in the chair. Restorative care provided under general anesthesia should be standardized and evaluated in the same way as treatment performed under local anesthesia. In this way, the provision of conservative dental care under general anesthesia could be promoted and the maintenance of a functional dentition encouraged.
Construction and comparison of three reference‐quality genome assemblies for soybean
Authors: Valliyodan Babu , Cannon Steven B. , Bayer Philipp E. , Shu Shengqiang , Brown Anne V. , Ren Longhui , Jenkins Jerry , Chung Claire Y.‐L. , Chan Ting‐Fung , Daum Christopher G. , Plott Christopher , Hastie Alex , Baruch Kobi , Barry Kerrie W. , Huang Wei , Patil Gunvant , Varshney Rajeev K. , Hu Haifei , Batley Jacqueline , Yuan Yuxuan , Song Qijian , Stupar Robert M. , Goodstein David M. , Stacey Gary , Lam Hon‐Ming , Jackson Scott A. , Schmutz Jeremy , Grimwood Jane , Edwards David , Nguyen Henry T.
Published: August 2019

We report reference‐quality genome assemblies and annotations for two accessions of soybean (Glycine max) and for one accession of Glycine soja, the closest wild relative of G. max. The G. max assemblies provided are for widely used US cultivars: the northern line Williams 82 (Wm82) and the southern line Lee. The Wm82 assembly improves the prior published assembly, and the Lee and G. soja assemblies are new for these accessions. Comparisons among the three accessions show generally high structural conservation, but nucleotide difference of 1.7 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) per kb between Wm82 and Lee, and 4.7 snps per kb between these lines and G. soja. snp distributions and comparisons with genotypes of the Lee and Wm82 parents highlight patterns of introgression and haplotype structure. Comparisons against the US germplasm collection show placement of the sequenced accessions relative to global soybean diversity. Analysis of a pan‐gene collection shows generally high conservation, with variation occurring primarily in genomically clustered gene families. We found approximately 40–42 inversions per chromosome between either Lee or Wm82v4 and G. soja, and approximately 32 inversions per chromosome between Wm82 and Lee. We also investigated five domestication loci. For each locus, we found two different alleles with functional differences between G. soja and the two domesticated accessions. The genome assemblies for multiple cultivated accessions and for the closest wild ancestor of soybean provides a valuable set of resources for identifying causal variants that underlie traits for the domestication and improvement of soybean, serving as a basis for future research and crop improvement efforts for this important crop species.
A global compass for the great divergence: Emissions versus production centres of gravity 1820–2008
Authors: Sauter Caspar , Grether Jean‐Marie , Mathys Nicole A.
Published: August 2019

We construct the world's centres of gravity for human population, GDP and CO2emissions by taking the best out of five recognised data sources covering the last two centuries. On the basis of a novel distortion‐free representation of these centres of gravity, we find a radical Western shift of GDP and CO2emission centres in the nineteenth century, in sharp contrast with the stability of the demographic centre of gravity. Both GDP and emissions trends are reversed in the first half of the twentieth century, after World War I for CO2emissions, after World War II for GDP. Since then, both centres are moving eastward at an accelerating speed. These patterns are perfectly consistent with the lead of Western countries starting the industrial revolution, the gradual replacement of coal by oil and gas as alternative sources of energy and the progressive catch‐up of Asian countries in the recent past.
Long‐term clinical and radiographic results after lag screw ostheosynthesis of short incomplete proximal sagittal fractures of the proximal phalanx in horses not used for racing
Authors: Bryner Marco F. , Hoey Seamus E. , Montavon Stéphane , Fürst Anton E. , Kümmerle Jan M.
Published: August 2019

Objective

To determine long term outcomes of nonracing equines athletes treated for short incomplete proximal sagittal fractures of the proximal phalanx (SIPSFP1) by lag screw fixation.

Study design

Retrospective study.

Sample population

Thirty‐one horses.

Methods

Medical records from horses with an SIPSFP1 (2008‐2014) were reviewed. Long‐term (≥12 months) outcomes were assessed with telephone interviews and clinical and radiographic examinations.

Results

Warmblood was the predominant breed in cases included in the study. Among horses with long‐term interview information, 27 of 31 returned to previous athletic activity level. In total, 15 horses with 19 fractures had clinical and radiographic assessment after a minimum of 12 months. Among those, nine of 15 horses were sound at the trot, and six of 15 were mildly lame. Complete radiographic healing was confirmed in six limbs, and the facture line was evident in 13. The position of the proximal screw was not associated with radiographic fracture healing or return to soundness.

Conclusion

Most horses treated for SIPSFP1 with lag screw fixation returned to previous activity levels, although radiographic fracture healing remained incomplete 12 months or more after surgery.

Clinical significance

Lag screw fixation is a valid treatment for horses not used for racing that are experiencing an SIPSFP1 and results in a high rate of return to intended use, although complete radiographic fracture healing cannot be expected.
Thiol-to-amine cyclization reaction enables screening of large libraries of macrocyclic compounds and the generation of sub-kilodalton ligands
Authors: Kale S. S. , Bergeron-Brlek M. , Wu Y. , Kumar M. G. , Pham M. V. , Bortoli J. , Vesin J. , Kong X.-D. , Machado J. Franco , Deyle K. , Gonschorek P. , Turcatti G. , Cendron L. , Angelini A. , Heinis C.
Published: August 2019

An efficient cyclization reaction allows for screening of large macrocycle libraries and yields a potent thrombin inhibitor.
Off-on switching of enzyme activity by near-infrared light-induced photothermal phase transition of nanohybrids
Authors: Zhang Song , Wang Changping , Chang Hong , Zhang Qiang , Cheng Yiyun
Published: August 2019

We achieve off-on control of enzyme activity via photothermal-induced phase transition of polymers coated on the enzyme surface.
North American April tornado occurrences linked to global sea surface temperature anomalies
Authors: Chu J.-E. , Timmermann A. , Lee J.-Y.
Published: August 2019

Ocean temperature anomalies in April influence U.S. tornado frequencies through atmospheric teleconnections and moisture transport.
MXene artificial muscles based on ionically cross-linked Ti
3
C
2
T

x

electrode for kinetic soft robotics
Authors: Umrao Sima , Tabassian Rassoul , Kim Jaehwan , Nguyen Van Hiep , Zhou Qitao , Nam Sanghee , Oh Il-Kwon
Published: August 2019

Ti
3
C
2
T

x

MXene electrodes significantly enhanced actuation performance of ionic artificial muscles applied to soft robotic demonstrations.
Surface Water Microbial Community Response to the Biocide 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide, Used in Unconventional Oil and Gas Extraction
Authors: Campa Maria Fernanda , Techtmann Stephen M. , Ladd Mallory P. , Yan Jun , Patterson Megan , Garcia de Matos Amaral Amanda , Carter Kimberly E. , Ulrich Nikea , Grant Christopher J. , Hettich Robert L. , Lamendella Regina , Hazen Terry C.
Published: August 2019

Unconventional oil and gas activity can affect pH, total organic carbon, and microbial communities in surface water, altering their ability to respond to new environmental and/or anthropogenic perturbations. These findings demonstrate that 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), a common hydraulic fracturing (HF) biocide, affects microbial communities differently as a consequence of past HF exposure, persisting longer in HF-impacted (HF+) waters. These findings also demonstrate that DBNPA has low efficacy in environmental microbial communities regardless of HF impact. These findings are of interest, as understanding microbial responses is key for formulating remediation strategies in unconventional oil and gas (UOG)-impacted environments. Moreover, some DBNPA degradation by-products are even more toxic and recalcitrant than DBNPA itself, and this work identifies novel brominated degradation by-products formed.
Relative Performance of MinION (Oxford Nanopore Technologies) versus Sequel (Pacific Biosciences) Third-Generation Sequencing Instruments in Identification of Agricultural and Forest Fungal Pathogens
Authors: Loit Kaire , Adamson Kalev , Bahram Mohammad , Puusepp Rasmus , Anslan Sten , Kiiker Riinu , Drenkhan Rein , Tedersoo Leho
Published: August 2019

Microbial pathogens cause enormous losses to agriculture and forestry, but current combined culturing- and molecular identification-based detection methods are too slow for rapid identification and application of countermeasures. Here, we develop new and rapid protocols for Oxford Nanopore MinION-based third-generation diagnostics of plant pathogens that greatly improve the speed of diagnostics. However, due to high error rate and technical biases in MinION, the Pacific BioSciences Sequel platform is more useful for in-depth amplicon-based biodiversity monitoring (metabarcoding) from complex environmental samples.
Physiological and Metabolic Responses of Freshwater and Brackish-Water Strains of Microcystis aeruginosa Acclimated to a Salinity Gradient: Insight into Salt Tolerance
Authors: Georges des Aulnois Maxime , Roux Pauline , Caruana Amandine , Réveillon Damien , Briand Enora , Hervé Fabienne , Savar Véronique , Bormans Myriam , Amzil Zouher
Published: August 2019

Blooms of
Microcystis aeruginosa
and the production of microcystins are major issues in eutrophic freshwater bodies. Recently, an increasing number of proliferations of
M. aeruginosa
in brackish water has been documented. The occurrence of both
M. aeruginosa
and microcystins in coastal areas represents a new threat for human and environmental health. In order to better describe the mechanisms involved in
Microcystis
sp. proliferation in brackish water, this study used two
M. aeruginosa
strains isolated from fresh and brackish waters. High salinity reduced the growth rate and microcystin production rate of
M. aeruginosa
. In order to cope with higher salinities, the strains accumulated different cyanobacterial compatible solutes, as well as unsaturated lipids, explaining their distinct salt tolerance.
Whole-Genome Sequence of Pseudoalteromonas sp. NC201, a Probiotic Strain for Litopenaeus stylirostris Hatcheries in New Caledonia
Authors: Sorieul Louis , Rückert Christian , Al-Dilaimi Arwa , Winkler Anika , Kalinowski Jörn , Pham Dominique , Wabete Nelly , Boulo Viviane
Published: August 2019

The marine bacterium
Pseudoalteromonas
sp. strain NC201 has shown probiotic potential in
Litopenaeus stylirostris
rearing. In this study, the complete genome of NC201 was sequenced. This genome consists of a chromosome (4.13 Mb) and a chromid (1.24 Mb). The genome contains gene clusters coding for antibacterial peptides and secondary metabolites.
First Complete Genome Sequence of Currently Circulating Infectious Bronchitis Virus Strain DMV/1639 of the GI-17 Lineage
Authors: Goraichuk Iryna V. , Kulkarni Arun B. , Williams-Coplin Dawn , Suarez David L. , Afonso Claudio L.
Published: August 2019

Avian infectious bronchitis virus is the causative agent of a highly contagious disease that results in severe economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. Here, we report the first coding-complete genome sequence of strain DMV/1639 of the GI-17 lineage, isolated from broiler chickens in Georgia in 2019.
Pain, swelling and irritability in the sun: what is the diagnosis?
Authors: McGlacken-Byrne Sinead Mary , Dann Lisa , Murphy Annette , Moylett Edina
Published: August 2019

A 7-year-old boy presented with a 24-hour history of severe burning pain affecting both hands that had started within minutes of playing outdoors. His mother reported that he had been running his hands under cold water and shaking his hands and head to try and relieve the pain. On examination, there was swelling of his hands, eyelids and cheeks. His parents mentioned that his hands and face had ‘swollen in the sun’ every summer from the age of 2 years.

A 3-year-old girl presented with a 2-day history of left upper limb swelling following a day of prolonged sun exposure. Examination revealed non-pitting oedema extending from her left shoulder to hand with no associated tenderness, erythema or rash. Her mother reported six previous episodes of irritability following sun exposure during which she would cry and flap her hands ‘for hours’.

Oral steroids and antihistamines were prescribed in both cases with little effect. Findings of routine baseline investigations were normal in both cases. A radiograph of the upper limb in the second patient disclosed nothing abnormal.

Questions

What is the most likely diagnosis for both patients?

Venomous insect bites/stings

Erythropoietic protoporphyria

IgE-mediated reaction

Mixed connective tissue disease

Complement deficiency

Which investigative approach will be most helpful?

Complement function evaluation

Physical urticarial evaluation

Porphyria work-up

Autoantibody screen

Immunodeficiency work-up

How would you manage these patients?

Answers can be found on page 02.
Multimodality imaging approach in a patient with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome
Authors: Ochoco Gerard Eastdon Truadio Dales , Enriquez Clare Angeli Guinto , Urgel Ryan Jason De Lara , Catibog Jason S
Published: August 2019

Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is a rare congenital disorder presenting with asymmetric limb hypertrophy, cutaneous capillary malformations and lower extremity varicosities. We discuss a 27-year-old man born with varicosities on both lower extremities, which progressively enlarged. Physical examination showed a grossly enlarged right hand. There were multiple compressible varicosities, diffuse port-wine stains on the right leg and limb-length discrepancy on the left leg. CT angiogram and Doppler ultrasound revealed several venous varicosities. Ectatic veins in the right leg converge into the lateral marginal vein of Servelle, an embryonic vein, typically seen in KTS patients. KTS is diagnosed clinically and imaging plays a role in differentiating this from other disease entities that present similarly. Doppler ultrasound is the initial imaging of choice to characterise varicosities and to identify thrombosis and reflux. Plain radiographs confirm limb hypertrophy. MRI and CT angiograms are useful to evaluate vascular anomalies and its accompanying soft tissue changes.
Utility of autonomic testing for the efficient diagnosis and effective pharmacological management of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension
Authors: Alam Sami bin , Almardini Waiel , Suleman Amer
Published: August 2019

A 62-year-old man presented with a 2-year history of syncope, collapse and fluctuating blood pressure (BP). His medications included midodrine (10 mg, three times per day) and fludrocortisone (0.1 mg, two times per day), but neither treatment afforded symptomatic relief. Autonomic testing was performed. Head-up tilt table testing revealed a supine BP of 112/68 mm Hg (heart rate, 74 beats per minute (bpm)) after 6 min, which dropped to 76/60 mm Hg (83 bpm) within 2 min of 80° head-up tilt. Findings from a heart rate with deep breathing test and a Valsalva test were consistent with autonomic dysfunction. The patient was diagnosed with neurogenic orthostatic hypotension and treated with droxidopa (100 mg, two times per day; titrated to 100 mg, one time per day). After initiating treatment with droxidopa, the patient no longer reported losing consciousness on standing and experienced improvement in activities of daily living. These improvements were maintained through 1 year of follow-up.
Case study of thyrotoxic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Alam Syed T , Zaman Justin
Published: August 2019

We present the case of a 65-year-old woman who was referred urgently from primary care with worsening breathlessness for 3 weeks, associated with tachycardia and left bundle branch block (LBBB). She had a background of type 2 diabetes, asthma and hypertension. Initial ECG revealed atrial fibrillation with the fast ventricular rate on the background of LBBB. ECHO findings were consistent with systolic impairment. Initial testing including checking thyroid function test revealed hyperthyroidism. It became evident that this patient had thyrotoxic cardiomyopathy. Early advice from the endocrine team was sought and the patient was treated with a combination of carbimazole and ivabradine. After a hospital stay, she made a remarkable recovery.
Retained wound protector following abdominal surgery
Authors: Ali Noor , Gandhi Sanjay
Published: August 2019

Medical devices which have been erroneously retained postoperatively has been a persisting problem encountered over many decades, despite rigid protocols and preventative measures being put in place. We present a case of a retained wound protector detected on CT following abdominal surgery, the first published report of its kind to our knowledge. Radiologists reporting the images should be familiar with commonly used medical devices. This case also highlights the importance of reviewing the CT scout imaging as an essential part of the study, particularly in the recognition of foreign bodies or medical devices. We re-emphasise the importance of effective and timely communication with the surgical team, should there be any suspicion of retained surgical appliance.
Meropenem-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis in a patient with known type IV penicillin hypersensitivity
Authors: Sameed Muhammad , Nwaiser Christine , Bhandari Prashant , Schmalzle Sarah A
Published: August 2019

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are considered variants of a disease continuum that results in a life-threatening exfoliative mucocutaneous disease. These are categorised as type IV cell-mediated delayed hypersensitivity reactions, and antibiotics are often implicated as a cause. Penicillins and other beta-lactam antibiotics are known to cause both immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions. While immediate IgE-mediated cross-reactivity between penicillins and carbapenems is well studied, less information on the risk of type IV delayed cell-mediated cross-reactivity between the two is available. We present a case of meropenem-induced SJS in a patient with documented history of SJS from amoxicillin. There are few cases of cross-reactivity with carbapenems reported in the literature, but based on the potential for life-threatening reaction, it is likely prudent to avoid the use of any beta-lactams in a patient with a history of SJS, TEN or any other severe cutaneous adverse reactions to another beta-lactam antibiotic.
Optical coherence tomography angiography of foveal neovascularisation in proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Dhurandhar Deven , Rani Padmaja Kumari
Published: August 2019

A 52-year-old man, a known case of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension, who presented to us with bilateral diminution of vision since 1 year. He was diagnosed as a case of bilateral proliferative diabetic retinopathy and hypertensive retinopathy. A non-invasive imaging modality, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), detected foveal neovascularisation in a background of diffuse diabetic macular oedema which would have been obscured by other investigations like fluorescein angiography.