bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDY THE EFFECTS OF (8-OXO-GUANINE DNA GLYCOSYLASE 1 RS1052133) POLYMORPHISM ON GENE EXPRESSION AS A PREDISPOSING FACTOR FOR DNA MUTATION IN MIDLAND REFINERIES COMPANY-DURA REFINERY WORKERS
Authors:   Dept. of Basic Sciences, Collage of Dentistry, Alfarahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq, Al-Ani Raghad H. , Al-Wasiti Estabraq A. ,   Dept. of Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq, Shukur Ahmed S. ,   Dept. of Medicine, Azadi Teaching Hospital, Kirkuk, Iraq
Published: July 2022

Background: Refineries are exposed to different types of air pollutants, among them, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), they are a group of over hundred different kinds of hazardous organic chemicals (pollutants), which are formed primarily during the incomplete burning of oil, gas and coal. PAHs are metabolized in different organs of human body especially in the liver leading to generation of mutagenic metabolites, of them, the reactive oxygen species, which damage DNA by binding with guanine base leading to formation of 8-hydroxyguanine. The 8-oxo-guanine DNA glycosylase (hOGG1 rs1052133) gene, is a regulatory gene binds with 8-oxo-DG in the DNA to initiate base excision repair (BER) pathway. Objective: To investigate the role of (hOGG1 rs1052133) gene polymorphism in single nucleotide polymorphism repair. Methods: One hundred sixty-eight (168) subjects were participated in this study. They were they divided into three groups (country side, office workers and field workers). PAHs were analyzed in all participant by Gas Chromatography Coupled with a Mass Spectrophotometry GC/MS. SNP for hOGG1 and gene expression were detecting by real time polymerase chain reaction and quantitative polymerase chain reaction for each subject respectively. Results: PAH were detected in blood serum of refineries workers and not detected in country side participants. The level of hOGG1 gene expression was higher in GG genotype than GC and CC genotype. Conclusion: Refineries worker are at high risk of developing malignant transformation and serious disease due to high level of PAH compared to other population. hOGG1 plays an important role in DNA repair following DNA mutation. Keywords: Poly cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, HOGGI, gene expression Citation: Al-Ani RH, Al-Wasiti EA, Shukur AS. Study the Effects of (8-oxo-Guanine DNA Glycosylase 1 rs1052133) Polymorphism on Gene Expression as a Predisposing Factor for DNA Mutation in Midland Refineries Company-Dura Refinery Workers. Iraqi JMS. 2022; 20(1): 90-97. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.20.1.12
THE CORRELATION OF β/α MRNA RATIO WITH CLINICAL AND HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH β-THALASSEMIA SYNDROME
Authors:   Al-Kadhimiya Pediatric Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, Yousif May H. , Al-Mamoori Hind S. ,   Dept. of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: July 2022

Background: Thalassemias are a group of genetically transmitted blood diseases characterized by defects in the production of α- or β-chains of hemoglobin called α-thalassemia and β-thalassemia, respectively. One of the common features of β-thalassemia is ineffective erythropoiesis because of the imbalance of globin chain production, which result in increased apoptosis during erythroblast maturation. Objective: To evaluate the ß/α globin mRNA ratio in patients with ß-thalassemia syndrome and to correlate the ß/α ratio with hematological and clinical condition of the patients. Methods: Thirty-five patient samples were collected from Thalassemia Centre of Ibn Al-Balady Hospital; 18 patients with β-thalassemia major and 17 patients with β-thalassemia intermedia. The patients were randomly selected regarding sex, whereas their age ranged from 3 to 17 years. Along with those samples, twenty control leftover samples that were the remaining of samples collected for laboratory investigation, were taken from Al-Kadhimiya Pediatric Hospital, and were age and sex matched with the patients group. The α and β globin chain ration were calculated by the real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The β/α -globin mRNA ratio of the samples was measured by the 2−ΔΔCT method. Results: Analysis of the β-globin/α-globin mRNA ratio showed that disease severity increased with a reduction of the ratio. There was a highly significant difference in α level, ß level and ß/α ratio among studied groups with a p value of (p < 0.001). The highest level was in control group, followed by that in β-thalassemia intermedia and the lowest was in β-thalassemia major. Conclusion: The severity of ß/α globin chain imbalance showed a significant and negative correlation with the mean corpuscular volume and there was no significant correlation between the ß/α ratio and markers of erythropoiesis in ß-thalassemia major and ß-thalassemia intermedia patients. The ß/α ratio was a good tool for diagnosis in ß-thalassemia major and ß-thalassemia intermedia as compared to control group with high sensitivity and specificity. A ß-chain gene expression was the lowest in ß-thalassemia major followed by ß-thalassemia intermedia as compared to control group. Keywords: Thalassemia, ß/α -globin mRNA ratio Citation: Yousif MH, Al-Mamoori HS. The Correlation of β/α mRNA Ratio with Clinical and Hematological Parameters in Patients with β-thalassemia Syndrome. Iraqi JMS. 2022; 20(1): 139-145. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.20.1.18
IS LOCKED COMPRESSION PLATE BETTER THAN LIMITED CONTACT DYNAMIC COMPRESSION PLATE IN TREATMENT OF CLOSED MIDDLE THIRD RADIUS AND ULNAR FRACTURES IN ADULTS: A SHORT-TERM COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors:   Section of Orthopedic, Dept. of Surgery, Al-Imamein Al-Kadhimein Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq, Chhaily Zuhair A. , Joda Ahmed I. ,   Section of Orthopedic, Dept. of Surgery, Al-Imamein Al-Kadhimein Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq, Abd Ali Ahmed S. ,   Dept. of Surgery, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq, Ali Zaid H. ,   Section of Orthopedic, Dept. of Surgery, Al-Imamein Al-Kadhimein Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: July 2022

Background: Forearm bone fracture is a commonly encountered fracture. The inception of locking compression plate (LCP) has revolutionized fracture management. With their dramatic success for articular fractures, there is a speculation that they might be more appropriate for diaphyseal fractures as well. Objective: To compare internal fixation of closed, middle third forearm fractures with LCP and limited contact dynamic compression plate (LC-DCP) in adults with respect to union rate, implant failure, functional outcome, and infection rate. Methods: Twenty-two patients with closed, middle third fractures of both the forearm bones were involved in this prospective, randomized, controlled study, which took place between February 2019 to January 2021. They were segregated into two groups based on open reduction and internal fixation with LCP (n=11) and with LC-DCP (n=11). Postoperative follow-up intervals of 1, 2, 6 weeks and 3, 6 months. The patients were assessed for implant failure, fracture union and function outcome of Andersons’ criteria to assess union, forearm rotation, and wrist flexion-extension, and disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) score for patient related outcome at the latest follow up. Results: The mean age of the patients was 30.9 years (range 19-47 years) with mean follow up about of 2 years. The union rate in LCP group was (100%) whereas in LC-DCP was (81.8%), the p value was (0.4), which is not statistically significant. The p value for Quick DASH score and Anderson’ criteria were (0.8 and 0.43), respectively which is also not statistically significant. No incidence of implant failure in both groups. Conclusion: Although LCP is an effective treatment alternative and may have a subtle edge over LC-DCP in the management of these fractures, their supremacy could not be certified. We deduce that surgical planning and expertise rather than the choice of implant are more pivotal for outstanding results. Keywords: Limited contact dynamic compression plate, locking compression plate, closed, middle third fractures, both bones of forearm Citation: Chhaily ZA, Joda AI, Abd Ali AS, Ali ZH. Is locked compression plate better than limited contact dynamic compression plate in treatment of closed middle third radius and ulnar fractures in adults: A short-term comparative study. Iraqi JMS. 2022; 20(1): 146-153. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.20.1.19
A Study on the Publicity of the Social Service Provision System: Focused on the Position and Role of Non-profit Service Providers
Authors:   Korean Academy of Integrated Care Management, Lee Seung-Min , Lee Jun Young , Oh Ji Sun , Cho Hye Jin
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study was to seek an alternative approach to realizing the publicity of the social service provision system. The discussion of publicity varies from the essence and subject to the measures for realization, and the contents discussed in terms of the process of public debate and the realization of publicity through cooperative mechanisms and cultural cognitive mechanisms were reviewed. Recently, the government has been making efforts to realize publicity through the establishment of a social service center as problems such as the worsening treatment of workers, poor service quality, and violation of user human rights that have occurred due to excessive profit pursuit by for-profit suppliers. Additionally, it must consider that it is necessary to enhance the role of non-profit private service providers who have played an important role in providing social services from the beginning, and they should form a coalition as an alternative to realizing publicity. This study also reviewed if it would be possible to supplement publicity by autonomously regulating service quality by reflecting user opinions in policy decisions, and promoting innovation that increases flexibility through cultural and cognitive mechanisms.
The Effects of Age-Friendly Environment on Health Promotion Behavior Among Elderly People Living Alone: Focusing on Gender Difference
Authors:   Korean Academy of Integrated Care Management, Jang Eunha , Hong Seokho
Published: July 2022

Based on Lawton & Nahemow’s Person-Environment Fit Theory, the purpose of this study was to verify the effect of the age-friendly environmental level on health promotion behavior considering the gender characteristics of the elderly living alone. Data from 『A living-lab-based occupant-responsive housing welfare service for the elderly』were used for this study, and 477 completed survey interviews were analyzed. To identify the main predictors of age-friendly environmental levels such as physical, socio-cultural, and service environment and their effects, hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted. Subjective health status was higher in males than in females. Second, it was found that the better the subjective health status of the male elderly living alone, the higher the health promotion behavior. On the other hand, in the case of elderly females living alone, the higher the average monthly income, the better the subjective health status, and the higher the physical environment level, the higher the health promotion behavior. Based on the results of this study, suggestions are made for social work practice and policy for the elderly and for future studies as well.
Effects of a Semi-rigid Knee Brace on Mobility and Pain in People with Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Dries Tim , Van der Windt Jan Willem , Akkerman Wouter , Kluijtmans Mari , Janssen Rob P. A
Published: July 2022

Objective: Osteoarthritis is one of the most com- mon chronic conditions leading to disability among older people (age 60+ years). Knee osteoarthritis has a significant impact on daily functioning. Pain, stiffness, reduced strength, changes in posture, and reduced knee stability may result in reduced mobility. The aim of this study is to evaluate the short- and long-term effects of conservative therapeutic use of a semi-rigid knee brace for management of patients with knee osteoarthritis, using patient-reported outcomes.Design: Patients with osteoarthritis using a semi-rigid knee brace were asked to complete a questionnaire about the effectiveness of the brace after wearing it for 3 weeks. The primary outcome measure was mobility, assessed using an ordinal scale with and without use of the knee brace. Secondary outcome measures were pain symptoms and overall daily functioning.Results: A total of 381 patients completed the questionnaire. The results show considerably improved mobility while using a knee brace in different mobility groups. In the group of respondents who were limited to their home environment mobility decreased by 74% while using a knee brace. In the group of respondents who were able to walk to a nearby shop mobility increased by 50%, and the group experiencing no mobility restrictions increased from 3% without using a knee brace to 13% while using a knee brace. In addition, 54% of respondents reported a reduction in pain symptoms and 62% of respondents reported an improvement in overall daily functioning while using a knee brace. Conclusion: The results of this large-scale patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) study show that the use of a semi-rigid knee brace appears to provide suitable joint support, offering pain relief and freedom of movement and should be considered a useful non-surgical treatment method for use in patients with knee osteoarthritisClinical trial: This study does not include a clinical trial.
LAY ABSTRACTThis study of patient-reported outcome measures regarding the use of stabilizing knee braces for knee osteoarthritis provides insight into the additional care and quality of life provided by the use of these orthopaedic aids. The aims of this study are to measure the effectiveness of knee braces in daily life and to validate the efficacy of using orthopeadic medical aids. In the study, 381 patients with knee Osteoarthritis were provided with knee braces and were asked about the effectiveness of the braces 3 weeks after they first started wearing them. This large-scale study found that the use of knee braces contributed to user-mobility, reduced pain, and increased the possibility to perform daily activities. Knee braces appear to serve as a suitable support for knee joints, providing pain relief and freedom of movement, and should be considered a useful non-surgical treatment method for knee Osteoarthritis.
INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO THE PROCESS OF REVITALIZATION OF IMMOVABLE CULTURAL HERITAGE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE POTOTSKY PALACE COMPLEX IN IVANO-FRANKIVSK)
Authors: Lukomska Zoriana , Haydar Volodymyr , Lukomska Halyna
Published: July 2022

The study reveals the problem of revitalization of immovable cultural heritage in Ukraine, which stems from the absence of state policy to preserve the architectural city-planning heritage supported by the necessary development and financing programs. The role of socialization of cultural heritage in the process of revival of valuable historical complexes that are under threat of destruction is shown, innovative approaches to the revitalization and the first positive results of their implementation are demonstrated. The example of an architectural monument with more than 300 years of history – the Pototsky Palace complex in Ivano-Frankivsk, which was brought to an unsatisfactory technical condition by a private owner in the 2000s, shows the positive impact of alternative directions of this object development. Currently, the complex is cared for by the newly created Municipal Enterprise (ME) “Space of Innovative Creations “Palace”, whose activities are aimed at preserving and revitalizing the historical monument complex. The aim of ME “SIC Palace” – is the simultaneous performance of measures for the preservation, protection, restoration, scientific research of the Complex and the creation on its basis of an interdisciplinary platform for communication between science, art and business. The study demonstrates real-time testing of the “Model of multi-vector development of the monument complex”, which includes four intercomplementary and interrelated directions – scientific-restorational, event-promotional, investment-marketing and the direction of maintenance and support. Such activities are provided through the simultaneous state funding, implementation of commercial projects, organization of multi-investment funds, raising funds from Ukrainian and international grant programs. This innovative approach allows for simultaneous scientific-research and restoration work on the buildings of the monument and the implementation of cultural-artistic, cognitive-educational, socially relevant, representative activities in the complex territory, and communication of artists of different directions that take place during the events in the Palace, promotes its integration into the cultural-artistic sector of the city and its preservation.
PENGARUH CURRENT RATIO (CR) DAN DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO (DER) TERHADAP LABA BERSIH PADA PT DARYA-VARIA LABORATORIA TBK
Authors: Febriana Hadijah , Irnawati Jeni , Novyanhagi Alfi Fahri
Published: July 2022

Riset ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh “Current Ratio” (CR), dan “Debt to Equity Ratio” (DER) terhadap Laba Bersih pada PT. Darya-Varia Laboratoria, Tbk periode 2011-2020. Objek riset ini adalah PT. Darya-Varia Laboratoria, Tbk yang sudah terdaftar diBursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Metode yang digunakan ialah deskriptif kuantitatif. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder berupa laporan keuangan pada PT. Darya-Varia Laboratoria, Tbk periode 2011-2020. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji asumsi klasik, analisis regresi, koefisien determinasi, uji T, dan uji F. Hasil riset menunjukan bahwa uji parsial diperoleh “Current Ratio” (CR) dan “Debt to Equity Ratio” (DER) berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap Laba Bersih. Secara simultan Variabel “Current Ratio” (CR) dan “Debt to Equity Ratio” (DER) berpengaruh terhadap Laba Bersih dengan hasil uji Fhitung 15,289 > Ftabel 4,74 dengan signifikansi 0,003 < 0,05. Dengan kontribusi pengaruh sebesar 81,4% sedangkan 18,6% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain.
Black-Hundred Counter-Revolution: Political Violence, Pogroms, Terror and Responsibility of Russian Royalist Parties for Those Actions*
Authors: Andrey Ivanov
Published: July 2022

In the article the author addresses in more detail the problem of the Black-Hundred terror during the First Russian Revolution (1905–1907). Most of the focus in on the attitude of right-wing parties and unions towards violence, Jew bashings, armed detachments forming and political killings. The article illustrates different attitude of right royalists and extreme left-wingers towards strong-arm methods of struggle and draws attention to the policy of double standards, which was widely used in respect of right-wingers by revolutionary and opposition journalists. The author emphasizes that the problem of violence by the right-wingers cannot be viewed separately from similar problem with the left-wingers, and considering the general political situation and radicalization of the society as a whole. It is shown that in spite of the sympathy of some Black-Hundred politicians for pogroms and right terror as well as involvement of some members of the Black Hundred with political killings and other acts of violence, the leaders of royalist parties and unions never proclaimed terror as the method of their struggle and publicly condemned it. At the same time, armed resistance to extreme left-wingers at the height of revolution was regarded by the Black-Hundred leaders as assistance to the legal authorities and fulfillment of loyalist duty to protect the monarchist statehood.
Russian Government Model as the Mechanism of Imperial Axiosystem Realization
Authors: Nina Ishchenko
Published: July 2022

The paper focuses on the imperial axiosystem and considers the Russian government model as the mechanism for implementing the imperial axiosystem in different historical periods. The axiosystem of the empire includes values-goals and values-means that set the norms of social interaction between collective and individual agents of the empire. The paper shows how these values are realized in the stable and mobilization phases of the existence of Russian society, and examines the strategies of life creation of individuals and the features of cultural dynamics in different phases.
The Byelorussian Imperial Project in the Political Discourse of the Beginning of the 21 Century
Authors: Alexander Gronsky
Published: July 2022

The article explores the Byelorussian imperial discourse. It appeared in the early 90s of the twentieth century, but got no further development. In the 2010s, that discourse was revived, but also failed to gain a foothold in the minds of the intellectuals. The Byelorussian imperial project is not viable, because the country does not have the necessary resources. It is not advantageous for Russia to create a joint Russian-Byelorussian imperial project, since Moscow, not Minsk, will be spending the main resources. The Byelorussian imperial discourse was gradually replaced by the Eurasian one.
A ESCOLA NO ENFRENTAMENTO AO ABUSO SEXUAL NO BRASIL
Authors: Lima da Silva Elivania , Corsini Lirio Flávio
Published: July 2022

RESENHA
ARAÚJO, A. P. Abuso: a cultura do estupro no Brasil. Rio de janeiro: Editora GloboLivros, 2020. 320p. ISBN: 9786586047257. Gênero: Reportagem
A obra da jornalista Ana Paula Araújo, apresenta relatos de vítimas de vários tipos de abusos sexuais e exploração sexual, buscando apontar como estes crimes encontram-se arraigados na cultura brasileira. São analisados relatos de agressores, vítimas de violência sexual e membros da família de ambos os sujeitos. A autora aponta que a sociedade, instituições de atendimento e de acolhimento têm atuado com fragilidades no enfrentamento a esse tipo de violação.
Gender and Power Politics in Vijay Tendulkar’s Sakharam Binder
Authors: Anuragi Laxmi Prasad , Saksena Prof. Sanjoy
Published: July 2022

The play, Sakharam Binder, written by Vijay Dhondopant Tendulkar, the most prolific but controversial Marathi dramatist, reflects a unique amalgamation of topicality and timelessness. It dramatizes Indian middle class society’s deep – seated, unchecked, and malignant depravity and perversity. Tendulakr brilliantly depicted human intrapersonal connections in the distant past as well as in today’s socio – political environment by diving deeply into their complexities. Sakharam Binder, the protagonist of the play, refuses the conventional but artificial orthodox and polished value system and attempts to develop his own life philosophy. Sakharam’s battle against socio – psychological elements reveals the bare exhibition of inflexible conventions, ugliness and the dissolution of human self. Vijay Tendulkar succeeds in exposing the societal turpitude and holocaust in which the caste gender heritage has its own province to worsen the situation. Because of the importance of this heritage, it leaves its impression on the inner landscape of the human mind and causes chaos in their lives. Personal and societal spheres in reality, Manusmriti’s laws on the one hand, distinguish between the twine – born caste and woman and shudras. On the other hand as a result, women and shudras have equal status. They are both regarded as second class citizen. This caste gender heritage is linked to a group of bifurcates traits.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBATIK MELALUI MEDIA CLASSROOM DI MI MIFTAHUL HIDAYAH
Authors:   UIN Sunan Kalijaga, Fadilah Rif'atul , Prastowo Andi ,   UIN Sunan Kalijaga, Naemah Zahratun ,   UIN Sunan Kalijaga, Husna Zikraul ,   UIN Sunan Kalijaga, Bening Tiara Permata ,   UIN Sunan Kalijaga
Published: July 2022

This study aims to describe the development of technology-based learning models through classroom media for elementary/MI children. This study uses a qualitative approach because it aims to provide information, understanding and description of the content and quality of the content that occurs as the target or object of research. The term description is research that is intended to make a description of the events that took place. Data is collected and analyzed and abstracted, and theories will emerge that will show the results of qualitative research findings. Then the results of this journal research show that: First, the development of technology-based learning models is an effort made to develop learning that is in accordance with the demands of an increasingly modern era and full of advanced technology. Second, the use of classroom media on Google is an alternative to continue to carry out learning during this pandemic.
IMPLEMENTASI DESAIN MODEL ASSURE DALAM PEMBELAJARAN NOTASI BALOK WARNA UNTUK SISWA KELAS 1 SD
Authors:   Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Ongko Elizabeth Suryani , Martadi Martadi ,   Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Trisakti Trisakti ,   Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Yermiandhoko Yoyok ,   Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Handayaningrum Warih ,   Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Published: July 2022

This study aims to develop a teaching material for learning block notation. Based on the results of interviews with several music teachers at private elementary schools in Surabaya, researchers obtained data that there are always students who have difficulty understanding block notation in all private elementary schools that provide block notation material for class students. 1 SD. Therefore, the researcher wants to design a block notation learning material that is interesting and makes it easier for students to understand block notation. The learning design made by the researcher uses the ASSURE model design by paying attention to aspects of child cognitive psychology and color psychology. The results of the design are black block notation images, color block notation images along with hand movements and audio as a unitary block notation teaching material. The results of the design were then tested on grade 1 students at Sampoerna Academy Elementary School and the results showed that 90% of children were interested in the color block notation learning design and it was easier to understand the material.
PENERAPAN METODE BLENDED LEARNING DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 PADA MATA PELAJARAN FISIKA MATERI “PENGUKURAN” PADA SISWA KELAS X SMK NEGERI 1 SITINJO
Authors:   SMK Negeri 1 Sitinjo, Samosir Tiarna
Published: July 2022

Based on observations indicate that the critical thinking skills of students is still low. Therefore, the critical thinking skills students need to be improved, especially in the measurement material, then applied the method of Blended learning . This purposes of this research is to improve learning result on physics education subject through Blended learning method. This classroom action researchconducted by 2 cycles of the four phases: planning, implementation, observation, reflection. The subjects were students from class X Vocational High School State 1 Sitinjo which amounted to 16 students. This study used a qualitative descriptive analysis technique. The results showed that the use of the Blended learning method of physical education can improve learning result of under pass which characterized by increased mastery learning students, namely cycle I (68,75%), the cycle II (87,5%) and complete learn the clasical equal to 87,5% in cycle II.
VISUALIZATION OF LOWER EXTREMITY LYMPHEDEMA IN THE SAME COHORT USING (^99m)Tc-HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN AND (^99m)Tc-PHYTATE LYMPHOSCINTIGRAPHY WITH SPECT-CT
Authors: Koike T. , Yabuki Y. , Miki N. , Yamamoto Y. , Kokubo K. , Kitayama S. , Maegawa J.
Published: July 2022

Lymphoscintigraphy with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT-CT) is useful in diagnosing lymphedema. However, there are multiple timings, techniques, and tracers utilized worldwide without any comparison. We examined and compared the image clarity with two different radiotracers, 99mTc-human serum albumin (HSA) and 99mTc-phytate (phytate), in the same patients. The study retrospectivity examined 46 limbs of 36 patients who underwent lymphoscintigraphy using HSA and phytate from January 2013 to September 2018. Tracer accumulation in the lymph nodes, linear pattern (LP), and dermal backflow (DBF) were qualitatively analyzed; contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) of DBF and standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) of LP were also quantitatively analyzed. Neither lymph node accumulation nor DBF identification showed significant difference. However, a significant difference was observed between the LP identification of the unaffected (p<0.001) and affected sides (p<0.001). On quantitative evaluation, CNR and SUVR of LP was significantly higher with HSA than with phytate (p<0.001). SUVR of LP was also significantly higher with HSA than with phytate in both unaffected (p=0.002) and affected (p=0.005) sides. Overall, images acquired with HSA were clearer than that with phytate, and the identification of LP was particularly better with HSA than with phytate. Thus, lymphoscintigraphy using HSA is preferred over phytate for both diagnosis and evaluation of disease severity and surgical site selection.
ISL NEWS
Authors: NEWS ISL
Published: July 2022

ISL NEWS
Challenges to European and Euro-Atlantic Security
Authors: Cîrdei Ionuț Alin , Ispas Lucian
Published: July 2022

The current security environment is characterized by uncertainty and multiple transformations in all areas. Mankind as a whole enjoys an extremely favorable context and an indisputable climate of security. However, security challenges are becoming more and more difficult to anticipate. The last few years have brought a new pandemic challenge to all states, which has put all systems to the test. In addition to the pandemic challenge, European and Euro-Atlantic countries face a military challenge that has the potential to directly affect regional and global security and cause shock waves in all areas, especially in the economic, political, diplomatic and military field. To these major challenges are added the challenges that have now faded into the background, such as climate change, the impact of natural disasters, organized crime, terrorism, and so on. In order to meet these new challenges, the European and Euro-Atlantic states must demonstrate cohesion and determination and take effective and decisive action to protect their interests and ensure the security and stability of their allies.
The Meaning of the Term Noncombatant in International Humanitarian Law – Interpretation of the Provision of Article 37/1/c of the Additional Protocol I of Geneva of 1977
Authors: Guţan Sabin
Published: July 2022

Fundamental to the correct application of the rules of international humanitarian law are the understanding and implementation of the principle of distinction between combatants and civilians (and other protected persons). This principle has evolved over time, from strict rules of differentiation (wearing a uniform or a fixed distinctive sign; carrying the arms openly), to a minimalistic reformulation of the conditions for recognition of combatant status and the right to be a prisoner of war, by the provisions of art. 44 of the Additional Protocol I of 1977 (carrying his arms openly when the combatant is preparing or participating in military actions and is in sight of the opponent, even if he does not wear distinctive signs). These provisions are very important for the correct definition of the notions of combatant, non-combatant and civilian and for the proper identification of cases of perfidy which represent war crimes. The biggest problem in the application of these norms, for the Romanian armed forces, is the legal translation and interpretation of international treaties when the Romanian legislator adopts them. We find such a situation in the case of Article 37/1/c of the Additional Protocol I of Geneva of 1977 regarding the prohibition of perfidy in connection with the use of the notions of civilian and non-combatant.
Lessons Learned from the Modern Armed Forces Strategic Deployment in Operations
Authors: Hrab Marius
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the deployment of forces in expeditionary operations, in relation to the operations performed in the past by the modern armed forces. Thus, the intention is to approach the deployment of forces by identifying the most important actions, practical and decisional landmarks, which have decisively influenced the strategic maneuver, reception, staging and onward movement processes, in order to integrate forces in the contemporary theaters of operations. Going straight for the stated objectives, I conducted a multiple-case study, based on reviewing the relevant available literature, in order to efficiently access all the elements in the concerned field of interest.
Trends in Radicalization Processes and Terrorist Activities After Covid-19
Authors: Ivanov Dimo
Published: July 2022

This report provides a detailed overview of trends in the development of radicalization and terrorism worldwide as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The short-lived changes in the way of life during and after the pandemic give rise to the possibility of new models of terrorism and radicalization in the coming years. Also this report aims to trace how COVID-19 has influenced and changed modern terrorism. On the other hand, the established structural organization of terrorist groups requires from us an in-depth analysis of the direction of their progressive development. Terrorists are increasingly trying to adapt to society in one form or another. Attempts are being made to penetrate them into the social activities of modern society. It was the pandemic that opened up many opportunities for a more concentrated psychological impact on “poorer” societies but the more problematic is that the long-term economic damage caused by the pandemic could reduce the resources available to fight terrorism and radicalization for several years. In the other hand the governments that have seen their coffers run out and their gross national product shrink will face difficult choices about where to spend their reduced revenues, and despite their genuine counter-terrorism commitment, may be forced to feed their populations and revitalize their economies at the expense of defence spending, including funding to fight terrorism and radicalization.
Shooting Training with Light Infantry Weapons, an Essential Dimension of Individual and Collective Training
Authors: Mandache Radu Adrian , Grigoraş Constantin
Published: July 2022

Shooting with the available weapons is a determining and defining element of armed combat, and the mysteries, practice, art and, above all, the science of shooting are learnt during shooting training, a discipline of overwhelming importance in the process of training troops and, implicitly, their preparation for combat. Nowadays, the construction of (fire) weapons has reached unprecedented technical and technological levels, with lethal and destructive accuracy and capability that were unimaginable a few decades ago. In this context, the maximum exploitation of the characteristics of the available weapons and the training of instictual shooting is an indispensable requirement coming from the reality of the military conflicts in which the Romanian military have taken part, a reality that has generated the need to develop the existing training facilities in order to create the best conditions for training the necessary skills. This development can be done either by purchasing training systems incorporating state-of-the-art technologies, at high cost, or by modernizing the existing ones at relatively lower costs and bringing them to the level of the accepted training requirements.
Trends in Current Military Conflicts Operational Environments
Authors: Raţiu Aurelian , Tudorache Paul , Bojor Laviniu
Published: July 2022

Current and future military confrontations require adaptive forces, moving rapidly from specific, lethal and high-intensity combat operations to stabilization and reconstruction operations or, conversely, from stability operations to kinetic ones. In fact, many times, military actions will take place simultaneously, at several levels of intensity and along the spectrum of the conflict. Thus, this article presents aspects that show that the current operational environment is the space of “military competition”, which will be marked by confrontations in a gray area, between “war and peace”, and in this area the military forces must have the necessary capabilities to carry out several and various types of missions.
Resistance Combat — The Best Defence of Small States Against an Invasion
Authors: Solescu Daniel , Popa Ioan-Dan , Bojor Laviniu
Published: July 2022

The topic addressed in this article is a current one due to the political-military situation in the vicinity of Europe and the numerous analyses and comments that it will cause in the future. First, the authors present the general framework of the resistance combat beginning with the operational requirements necessary for conducting such operations, and then it analyzes the perspectives that such operations have in future military operations and proposes directions of action necessary to prepare Romania for defence.
Bibliometric Analysis of the Main Concepts Associated with Resilience from a National Security Perspective
Authors: Mănescu Gabriel , Stan Sebastian Emanuel , Ilie Florin Vasile
Published: July 2022

There is growing interest in deepening resilience building and development programmes that target both individuals and organisations, with implications in almost all areas of social, economic, and political life. The aim of our approach is to illustrate, in quantitative terms, both the place and importance in the literature of some of the most important concepts associated with resilience, namely security, critical infrastructure and security culture, and the links between these concepts.
Relational Approaches to Digital Marketing and Digital Supply Chain Management
Authors: Minculete Gheorghe , Andronic Benone
Published: July 2022

The challenges of the information age and the digital economy have had a major impact on marketing and Supply Chain Management (SCM) determining an important evolution of them, until today, when the evolved ways of digital operation of the two concepts are implemented. Achieving beneficial business results through the effective application of strategies and policies specific to the application of these concepts necessarily highlights a functional correlation between the management and execution systems of digital marketing and digital SCM. In this paper, we will present, in essence, some considerations regarding both the functional description of the correlation between digital marketing and digital SCM, even though various studies and publications have been carried out over the years, as well as considerations regarding the easy implementation of the two concepts. At the same time, we will highlight some statistical data, published by experts, regarding suppliers, distributors and customers, all in the context of digital business design.
Conceptual Aspects Regarding the Efficiency of Logistical Support in Peacetime
Authors: Pînzariu Sorin , Pleşanu Toma , Neag Mihai Marcel
Published: July 2022

Streamlining the logistical support of the military units at peace is a decisive desideratum in carrying out the planned military activities independent or joint, as well as their missions and is achieved through methods and procedures, which harmonize doctrinally and structurally with the general effort of the Romanian Army to participate, within NATO, to the joint effort to achieve regional and global security.
Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Bawang Putih pada Berbagai Penambahan Lama Penyinaran Lampu LED Putih
Authors: Cartika Ika , Suwarni Tri Rahayu  , Rofik Sinung Basuki  , Thomas Agoes Soetiarso
Published: July 2022

Lampu LED dapat digunakan untuk menambah lama penyinaran pada tanaman bawang putih yang memerlukan panjang hari lebih dari 12 jam karena dapat membantu proses fotosintesis sebagai pengganti cahaya matahari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh penambahan lama penyinaran menggunakan lampu LED putih 100 watt dengan nilai intensitas 9685±385 lux terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bawang putih. Percobaan dilakukan pada bulan Mei sampai September 2021 di kebun percobaan Balitsa Lembang, Jawa Barat. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah petak jalur dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah penambahan lama penyinaran, yaitu 3 jam, 5 jam, 7 jam, dan kontrol. Faktor kedua adalah varietas bawang putih, yaitu Lumbu Hijau dan Tawangmangu Baru. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penambahan lama penyinaran selama 5 jam pada varietas Tawangmangu Baru mampu meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, bobot tajuk tanaman dan lebar siung. Penambahan lama penyinaran selama 3, 5, dan 7 jam tidak berpengaruh nyata pada tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter batang, SPAD index, luas daun, luas daun spesifik, biomassa tanaman, bobot umbi, diameter umbi dan ukuran siung bawang putih varietas Lumbu Hijau.

Kata kunci: fotoperiode, lampu LED, panjang hari, varietas
PRESENTACIÓN
Authors: Martí Daniel
Published: July 2022

El calificativo de vivienda digna señalado en las normas jurídicas mexicanas poco a poco ha ido perdiendo la subjetividad o libre interpretación al ligarse a factores determinados internacionalmente, dados por la observaciones 4 y 11 derivadas de las reglas del Pacto de Derechos Económicos, Sociales y Culturales, aprobadas en 1991, a saber: a) Seguridad jurídica de la tenencia; b) Disponibilidad de servicios, materiales, facilidades e infraestructura; c) Gastos soportables; d) Habitabilidad; e) Asequibilidad; f) Lugar, y g) Adecuación cultural. Así, la característica de vivienda adecuada se califica no sólo en su materialidad física -tamaño, forma de edificación o lote en que se ubica-, sino que se relaciona con el entorno, tanto en sus cualidades urbanas como culturales. La mayor proximidad a las características de cada uno de los indicadores mencionados incidirá en el grado de adecuación de la vivienda, siendo posible hacer plural su significado dependiendo del usuario y del contexto.
Valor social de la habitabilidad en la periferia de la zona metropolitana de Xalapa. El caso de Coacoatzintla, Ver.
Authors: Uehara Noemi , Cerqueda Alfredo , Velázquez Arturo , Linares Denis
Published: July 2022

El presente artículo muestra indicadores de niveles de satisfacción de habitabilidad interna y externa de usuarios que han edificado su casa con recursos propios bajo el esquema de autoproducción de vivienda. La investigación se realiza en una ciudad considerada semiurbana debido a que cuenta con un nivel de infraestructura y equipamiento urbano básico con una densidad de población cercana a los diez mil habitantes. Se presentan los resultados de formas de habitar de pobladores que sin contar con asistencia técnica y/o financiamiento definieron el lugar, la organización espacial, materiales y sistema constructivo de su vivienda siguiendo patrones de privacidad y de convivencia prestablecidos culturalmente y que son considerados necesarios para el sano desarrollo de la vida de los seres humanos en lo individual y en familia. En cuanto a la habitabilidad externa, la cercanía a los satisfactores urbanos básicos les otorga un grado de bienestar, al evitar utilizar algún medio de transporte evitando con ello cubrir los altos costos que estos representan. Sin que exista un contexto modernizado y un entorno urbano desarrollado, los habitantes presentan un alto grado de satisfacción en la habitabilidad interna y externa debido a que en un radio de 500 metros tiene resueltas las necesidades básicas urbanas. El artículo es una reflexión sobre conceptos intrínsecamente relacionados con las condiciones y calidad de vida: habitabilidad, vivienda, bienestar social y desarrollo. El interés es demostrar que la construcción social, sigue siendo la vía más utilizada por los mexicanos para acceder a su vivienda en áreas periféricas metropolitanas. El documento aporta voces sobre el grado de satisfacción de usuarios que, sumando esfuerzos económicos las personas construyen su casa y por pautas culturales preestablecidas definen la distribución espacial que a su juicio se adapta a sus necesidades de habitabilidad y economía.
Respuestas locales para una crisis global: pueblos indígenas, sociedad civil y transdisciplina para enfrentar el cambio climático
Authors: Carmona Rosario , Biskupovic Consuelo , Ibarra José Tomás
Published: July 2022

El cambio climático se ha posicionado en la agenda de investigación de las ciencias sociales. El escaso éxito de las respuestas hegemónicas y el avance de los impactos han fortalecido la irrupción de actores no estatales. Sin embargo, su rol continúa siendo poco explorado, especialmente en América Latina. En este artículo indagamos en tres ámbitos centrales a considerar para enfrentar los desafíos y las políticas asociadas al cambio climático, que aún son áreas incipientes de investigación en Latinoamérica: las demandas de participación de los pueblos indígenas; la organización de la sociedad civil, y la colaboración entre comunidades locales, academia y otros actores sociales a través de la transdisciplina. Resulta urgente que las respuestas de los actores no estatales sean tomadas en mayor consideración. Además de fortalecer la democracia, la participación de estos actores conlleva el potencial de promover las transformaciones necesarias para responder de manera justa al cambio climático.
Kayaçların fiziksel özelliklerinin ıslanma ve kuruma etkisine bağlı değişiminin belirlenmesi
Authors: ÇAKIR Ali Osman , KARAMAN Kadir , YILMAZ Ali
Published: July 2022

Kayaçların bazı fiziksel özellikleri (su içeriği, yoğunluk vb.), kaya mühendisliği projelerinin tasarımında sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Farklı iklim koşullarında (yağış, kuraklık vb.) yapılan tasarımlarda kullanılan kayaçların fiziksel özellikleri değişebilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı ıslanma ve kurumaya tabi tutulan boşluklu ve masif kayaçların su içeriği özelliklerinin zamana bağlı değişimlerini araştırmaktır. Bu amaca yönelik olarak bu çalışmada fosilli kireçtaşı, masif kireçtaşı ve volkanik breş kayaçları kullanılmıştır. Laboratuvar çalışmaları yoğunluk, görünür porozite ve su içeriği deneylerini içermektedir. Yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda kayaçların bünyelerindeki suyu, sıcak bir ortamda (105 °C), ilk saatler içinde uzaklaştırdığı görülmüştür. Benzer bir şekilde kayaçlar ilk birkaç saat içinde suya maruz kaldığında neredeyse suya doygun hale gelebilmektedir. Sabit sıcaklık (30 °C) altında ise, örneklerde ilk gün sonunda suyun büyük miktarı kayaç bünyesinden uzaklaşmıştır.
Effect of Suction Pipe Diameter and Submergence Ratio on Air Lift Pumping Rate
Authors: AlMaliky Salam J. , Alajawi Hayder A.
Published: July 2022

The increasingly importance for the uses of the air lift pump in widespread list of fields (mining, nuclear industries, agricultural uses, petroleum industries…etc.) makes it very interested for the researchers to find tools to raise the performance outcome of such pumps. An air lift pump system is setup to study the effect of the suction pipe diameter and submergence ratio on the liquid (water) pumping rate. The system has a lift pipe of (0.021 m) diameter and (1.25 m) length. Five diameters for the suction pipe (0.021, 0.027, 0.033, 0.048 and 0.063 m) with a fixed length of (0.3 m), are tested for each of the submergence ratios (0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) respectively. Results indicate that the higher the diameter of suction pipe is the higher the pumping rate for a fixed submergence ratio. From another side, the higher the submergence ratio is the higher the pumping rate for a fixed suction pipe diameter. Also, under high submergence ratios, high pumping rates are achieved by the use of lower air flow rates compared with those used with lower submergence ratios. The experimental results show good compatibility with the model suggested by Stenning and Martin for the performance of an air lift pump.