bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelos de incorporación de los derechos económicos, sociales, culturales y ambientales: Aprendizajes para el proceso constituyente chileno
Authors: Boyle Katie , Silva Vicente , Contreras Orrego Valentina
Published: September 2021

La incorporación del derecho internacional de los derechos humanos en el derecho nacional significa incorporar los estándares legales dispuestos en el derecho internacional e implementarlos a nivel doméstico. Si bien este proceso de incorporación puede tomar muchas formas, este documento intenta presentar algunas maneras mediante las cuales Chile podría incorporar los derechos económicos, sociales, culturales y ambientales (DESCA) en el marco normativo nacional, aprovechando el momento constituyente en que se encuentra. Tradicionalmente, la incorporación se ha entendido como una manera directa de recoger el derecho internacional en el sistema legal nacional a través de la Constitución o mediante legislación nacional. Sin embargo, este documento adopta una visión más amplia y completa de la incorporación, incluyendo una variedad de métodos mediante los cuales se introducen tanto los estándares legales internacionales como los remedios eficaces al marco normativo nacional. Por lo tanto, este documento se centra en los modelos de incorporación por un lado y en los mecanismos de justiciabilidad por el otro.
Broadband Speeds in Fibered us Markets: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Kotrous Michael , Bailey James
Published: September 2021

Broadband deployment policies have directly subsidized fiber providers because fiber broadband delivers fast download speeds. This article examines whether recent fiber buildout has increased competition for Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Lines (aDSL) and cable incumbents and whether entry by a fiber competitor predicts faster incumbent download speeds. Despite significant growth in fiber broadband service in the United States between 2014 and 2019, the number of fiber competitors in census blocks with aDSL or cable incumbents remains low. Further, our econometric results, while not interpretable as causal relationships, suggest that the entry of a rival fiber operator does not explain recent increases in cable and aDSL speeds.
Parasitic Contamination of Local Drinking Water Sources in Aba Metropolis, Abia State, Nigeria
Authors: U. Ejike Blessing , C. Ohaeri Carmelita , C. Amaechi Ebube
Published: September 2021

Water-borne parasitic infections have become a source of concern in recent times due to the contamination of various water sources. A survey on the parasitic contamination of local drinking water sources in Aba metropolis was carried out between August and October 2018. This was done to evaluate the extent of contamination of these water sources and their public health implications. A total number of eighty (80) water samples were investigated from five (5) major water sources within the study area using the standard sedimentation method and examined for parasite cysts, eggs and larvae. Physical/macroscopic examination was done to determine the pH, colour, odour, temperature and presence/absence of particles. Among the water sources analyzed, stream water samples had the highest rate of parasite contamination 27 (44.3%) followed by river water 14 (22.9%) while the least contaminated was borehole 7 (11.5%). Rainwater was found free from parasitic infestation. The differences in the level of contamination among the water sources analyzed were found to be statistically significant (P<0.05). Five parasites Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Ascaris lumbricoides of Entamoeba coli and Hookworm were observed. Each of the sample sources except rainwater harbored at least one of these. Among these parasites, Giardia lamblia had the highest rate occurrence of 15 (24.6%), followed by Entamoeba histolytica 14 (22.9%) and the least frequently occurring parasite was hookworm 8 (13.1%). Most of the identified water sources are utilized by the populace who lack access to potable water. The detection of protozoan and helminthic parasites in drinking water sources is a serious public health concern, hence the proper implementation of a supply of safe drinking water is vital.
ПРИБЛИЖЕНИЕ К ОПТИМАЛЬНОЙ ТРАНСУРЕТРАЛЬНОЙ РЕЗЕКЦИИ ОПУХОЛИ МОЧЕВОГО ПУЗЫРЯ / APPROACHING THE OPTIMAL TRANSURETHRAL RESECTION OF A BLADDER TUMOR
Authors: Sargsyan David , Boroyan Ruben
Published: September 2021

Полная трансуретральная резекция опухоли мочевого пузыря (ТУР мочевого пузыря) необходима для адекватной диагностики, определения стадии и лечения рака мочевого пузыря. TURBT обманчиво сложная и очень недооцененная процедура. Неполная резекция является основной причиной высокой частоты рецидивов после первичной трансуретральной резекции и, следовательно, неоптимального ухода за нашими пациентами. Наша цель состояла в том, чтобы рассмотреть предоперационные, интраоперационные и послеоперационные соображения для выполнения оптимальной ТУРМТ. В рекомендациях Европейской ассоциации урологов, Международного общества урологов и Американской ассоциации урологов делается акцент на полной резекции всех видимых опухолей во время ТУР. В этом обзоре особое внимание будет уделено различным методам и методам лечения, включая фотодинамическую цистоскопию, внутрипузырную химиотерапию, и периоперационный контрольный список, который можно использовать для обеспечения полной резекции и снижения частоты рецидивов. Был проведен поиск в Medline / PubMed оригинальных и обзорных статей, касающихся трансуретральной резекции и лечения немышечно-инвазивного рака мочевого пузыря. Основные результаты были проанализированы и представлены в крупных проспективных, ретроспективных и обзорных исследованиях. / A complete transurethral resection of a bladder tumor (TURBT) is essential for adequately diagnosing, staging, and treating bladder cancer. A TURBT is deceptively difficult and is a highly underappreciated procedure. An incomplete resection is the major reason for the high incidence of recurrence following initial transurethral resection and thus to the suboptimal care of our patients. Our objective was to review the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative considerations for performing an optimal TURBT. The European Association of Urology, Society of International Urology, and The American Urological Association guidelines emphasize a complete resection of all visible tumor during a TURBT. This review will emphasize the various techniques and treatments, including photodynamic cystoscopy, intravesical chemotherapy, and a perioperative checklist, that can be used to help to enable a complete resection and reduce the recurrence rate. A Medline/PubMed search was completed for original and review articles related to transurethral resection and the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The major findings were analyzed and are presented from large prospective, retrospective, and review studies.
ЭТАПЫ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ АДАПТАЦИИ МОЛОДОЖЕНОВ В АРМЯНСКОЙ СЕМЬЕ / STAGES OF SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION OF HONEYMOONS IN THE ARMENIAN FAMILY
Authors: Aleqsanyan Mary
Published: September 2021

В статье рассмотрены основные этапы социально-психологической адаптации молодоженов в армянских семьях. Выявлены условия, критерии и характеристики, способствующие эффективному преодолению каждого этапа адаптационного процесса, проанализированы типы темпераментов, произведена дифференциация уровней их совместимости в брачно-семейных отношениях. / The article examines the main stages of the socio-psychological adaptation of new-lyweds in Armenian families. The conditions, criteria and characteristics that contribute to the effective overcoming of each stage of the adaptation process are revealed, the types of temperaments are analyzed, and the levels of their compatibility in marriage and family relations are differentiated.
Galakan keusahawanan menurut perspektif Hadis Nabawi: satu tinjauan literatur sistematik
Authors: Shaharuddin Syarul Azman , Usman Abur Hamdi , Abd. Majid Mariam , Abdullah Muhammad Yusof Marlon , Amran Siti Nor Atiqah
Published: September 2021

Keusahawanan merupakan sebahagian daripada jihad ekonomi serta pemangkin utama dalam perkembangan kesejahteraan umat Islam. Hal ini dapat dinilai berdasarkan sejarah perkembangan Islam, bermula dari perniagaan Siti Khadījah RA dan kehebatan perdagangan para sahabat serta amalan infak demi penyebaran agama Islam. Terdapat hadis yang menyentuh bidang keusahawanan, sama ada daripada galakan, ciri-ciri dan peranan usahawan. Hadis-hadis ini dilihat berharga sebagai dorongan umat Islam untuk menceburi bidang keusahawanan. Oleh itu, pengkaji menggunakan metodologi tinjauan literatur sistematik (systematic literature review) dalam menganalisis hadis tematik berkaitan galakan menceburi bidang keusahawanan dalam kalangan umat Islam. Berdasarkan kaedah tinajaun literatur sistematik (systematic literature review), kajian mendapati lima (5) hadis yang menepati objektif kajian manakala status hadis terdiri daripada tiga (3) hadis ṣaḥīḥ, satu (1) hadis ḥasan, dan satu (1) hadis ḍa‘īf. Islam menggalakkan pengikutnya menceburi bidang ini namun perlaksanaannya hendaklah berlandaskan syariat Islam dengan meninggalkan larangan dan melaksanakan suruhan. Implikasi daripada keusahawanan yang menepati syariat Islam akan melahirkan anjakan paradigma dalam budaya perniagaan Islam. Semestinya dengan mengamalkan budaya perniagaan Islam, akan memberi impak besar dan positif terhadap kemajuan ekonomi ummah.
Menelaah konsep Living Hadis dan kaitannya dengan Iḥyā’ al-Sunnah: satu tinjauan literatur
Authors: Shamsu Lilly Suzana , Mohd Salleh Norsaleha
Published: September 2021

Istilah Living Hadis  merupakan ungkapan baru khususnya bagi masyarakat Brunei. Istilah ini mula muncul dalam sebuah seminar di UIN Sunan Kalijaga yang mengangkat tema Living Qur’an sebagai Fenomena Sosial-Budaya dianjurkan pada 13-15 Mac 2005. Setelah itu ia mula menjadi perbincangan warga akademik khususnya di UIN Sunan Kalijaga dan secara langsung telah melahirkan karya-karya ilmiah yang mengangkat konsep Living Hadis. Dalam penulisan-penulisan ini mereka mengertikan konsep Living Hadis ini sebagai gejala yang membudaya dalam kalangan masyarakat yang berbentuk pola perilaku yang bersumber dari hadis Nabi Muhammad SAW. Ini bermakna tumpuan mereka adalah mengambil takwilan daripada masyarakat setempat semata terhadap amalan yang dianuti. Lantaran itu, kajian ini signifikan  dijalankan bagi mengetahui definisi konsep yang dimaksudkan lebih-lebih lagi ia mirip dengan frasa masyhur iaitu Iḥyā’ al-Sunnah. Metodologi kajian dalam artikel ini menggunakan tinjauan kepustakaan dengan merujuk dan meneliti beberapa penulisan mengenai Living Hadis  yang mula mekar dalam beberapa jurnal berwasit di Indonesia bagi mengenal pasti definisi yang diutarakan. Dalam pada itu, pengetahuan definisi yang ditemukan nanti akan dinilai kesesuaiannya dengan istilah Iḥyā’ al-Sunnah sebagai terminologi yang sudah diguna pakai pada zaman para sahabat dan tabiin. Seterusnya, dapatan kajian akan memberikan pencerahan mengenai keperluan untuk memahami nas agama khususnya nas hadis dalam bentuk pemahaman teks dan kontekstual. Lantas nas-nas berkenaan dapat dihidupkan secara “sahih” lebih-lebih lagi hadis berkaitan akidah.
Almenas
Authors: Gamio Gehri Gonzalo
Published: September 2021

Q
Civilizar a los bárbaros. La historiografía como discurso ordenador de la ‘Polis’: Chile 1980 - 2010
Authors: Salinas Campos Maximiliano
Published: September 2021

El modelo historiográfico oficial en Chile entre 1980 y 2010 obedeció casi del todo al paradigma ‘civilización / barbarie’ de Occidente. Este canon estuvo inspirado en pensadores anglosajones como Paul Johnson, Samuel Huntington y Eric Hobsbawm, quienes visitaron Chile en aquellos años. El binomio ‘civilización / barbarie’ republicano se inicia con la influencia capital e inconmovible de Andrés Bello, quien determinó los modos de ‘escribir’ la historia, junto a otros pensadores europeos del siglo xix. Desde allí no se ha dejado de comprender el tiempo colectivo como un ‘nomos’ lineal de orden público. En estas condiciones, pensar la historia es una forma particular de hacer política: civilizar a los bárbaros.

The official historiographic model in Chile between 1980 and 2010 was almost entirely due to the paradigm ‘civilization / barbarity’ of the West. This canon was inspired by Anglo-Saxon thinkers such as Paul Johnson, Samuel Huntington and Eric Hobsbawm, who visited Chile in those years. The republican ‘civilization / barbarism’ binomial begins with the capital and unmoved influence of Andrés Bello, who determined the ways of ‘writing’ history, along with other 19th-century European thinkers. From there, collective time has not been understood as a linear ‘nomos’ of public order. In these conditions, thinking about history is a particular way of doing politics: civilizing barbarians.
Concepción política de solidaridad en la sociedad tecnocientíca postmoderna
Authors: Aguilera Portales Rafael Enrique
Published: September 2021

Richard Rorty propone que sustituyamos el valor y el deseo de solidaridad por el deseo de objetividad como motor de progreso de nuestra cultura occidental. La objetividad se disuelve y diluye en solidaridad o intersubjetividad. La objetividad se transforma en deseo de solidaridad a través de la conversación abierta, creativa e ilimitada. Richard Rorty, en este aspecto, coincide plenamente con la posición epistemológica de Thomas Kuhn y Paul Feyerabend en su intento de eliminar las dicotomías occidentales, como lo racional irracional, lo objetivo-subjetivo, el hecho-valor.

Richard Rorty proposes that we replace the value and the desire of “solidarity” for the desire of “objectivity” as a motor of progress of our occidental culture. The objectivity dissolves and diluted in solidarity or intersubjectivity. The objectivity transforms itselt in desire of solidarity through the open, creative and unlimited conversation. Richard Rorty, in this aspect, plenty coincides with the epistemological position of Thomas Kuhn and Paul Feyerabend in his attempt to remove the occidental dichotomies, like the rational-irrational, the objective-subjective, the fact-value.
Asumiendo la responsabilidad.
Authors: Caviglia Alessandro
Published: September 2021

El presente trabajo aborda la teoría de la calidad de vida desde el enfoque de la responsabilidad. En tal sentido, le da un giro a esta teoría y la coloca en el terreno de la concepción deontológica de la acción. Comienza tomando la concepción de la responsabilidad frente a los daños morales sufridos por otros, desarrollada por Stefan Gosepath, para centrarse en “razones secundarias” de la responsabilidad. Puesto que con ellas sigue siendo problemática la cuestión de la “asignación de la responsabilidad”, se pasará a revisar la doctrina kantiana de los deberes de virtud, a fin de obtener una mejor aproximación a dicho problema.
COMPARATIVE IN VITRO ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF PRUNUS AMYGDALUS (BAIL.) AND HIBISCUS ROSA-SINENSIS (LINN.)
Authors:   Faculty of Pharmacy, R.B.S. Engineering Technical Campus Bichpuri, Agra - 283 105, Utter Pradhesh, India
Published: September 2021

A comparative study was designed to evaluate the in vitro antidiabetic activity from the aqueous extract of dried pericarp of Prunus amygdalus Bail and ethanolic extract of dried flower of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. against the standard Acarbose.The aqueous extract of P. amygdalus and ethanolic extract of H. rosa-sinensis were extracted by the continuous hot extraction process.The qualitative phytochemical screening of aqueous extract and ethanolic extract reveals the presence of phytosterols, phenols, carbohydrates, flavanoids, saponins, amino acids and alkaloids, phenol, tannins, cardiac glycoside, saponin and flavonoids, respectively. In vitro pharmacological activity of P. amygdalus and H.rosa-sinensis were performed and compared by α-amylase inhibition assay method. The percentage inhibition of α-amylase by P. amygdalus, H. rosa-sinensis and Acarbose (50 &100 μg/mL) at dose of 50mg/mL and 100mg/mL were found to be 60.11±2.74%,74.86±0.31*%, 71.36± 1.86%, 81.49±1.72%, 82.33±1.10% and 95.37±0.56*%, respectively. The IC50 values were found to be 40.26μg/mL for acarbose, 49.63mg/mL for ethanolic extract of H. rosa-sinensis and 56.42mg/mL for aqueous extract of P. amygdalus.
BIODEGRADABLE NANOSPHERES - CURRENT STATUS
Authors: Rao Yarraguntla Srinivasa , P. V. Kamala Kumari ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, Vignan Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Visakhapatnam - 530 049, Andhra Pradesh, India
Published: September 2021

Nanospheres are polymeric matrix of spherical shape that ranges in size between 10- 200 nm in diameter. The drug is dissolved, entrapped, encapsulated or attached to the matrix of polymer. The nature of nanospheres can be amorphous or crystalline, and they potentiate to protect the drug from chemical and enzymatic degradation. In the matrix of this polymer, a drug will evenly distribute as well as physically and uniformly disperse and can enclose a variety of drugs, enzymes and, genes, providing a long circulation time. Nanospheres have the capability to convert poorly soluble, poorly absorbed and labile biologically active substance into promising deliverable drugs. This review focuses on the mechanism for synthesis of nano-based drug delivery systems, characterization, and application of biodegradable nanospheres and mainly on successful formulations based on biodegradable nanospheres.
SYNTHESIS CHARACTERIZATION AND DOCKING STUDY OF HCV NS3/4A PROTEASE INHIBITOR MOLECULES
Authors: Kumar Satish , Santra P. K. , Aryan R. C.
Published: September 2021

A sharp rise in the number of hepatitis C patients has been observed worldwide in the last decades. This has attracted the attention of researchers and medical professionals to provide cheap and effective treatment options for the eradication of hepatitis C. The present study describes the synthesis of a number of novel molecules which may be capable of inhibiting progression of the virus. The molecules were synthesized using the general techniques of the peptide bond preparation. Synthesized molecules were characterized by elemental analysis and spectral studies such as Mass, UV/Vis, IR and NMR. Purity of the molecules was determined by HPLC. Molecules with purity more than 98.5 % were selected for further docking studies to determine their interaction with binding site of NS3/4A protease on HCV RNA.
REPURPOSING OR SECONDARY USE OF KNOWN DRUGS
Authors: Nair Gopakumar G.
Published: September 2021

Repurposing of drugs was most often a strategic approach, though by “serendipity” in few instances. Early practice of pharmacovigilance in USA, led to near ‘serendipitous’ addition to market value for many “first use” drugs. Glaxo-Welcome’s Bupropion brand “Wellbutrin” was first approved for treatment of depression. While “Wellbutrin” received an average response in the anti-depression segment, pharmacovigilance reports to FDA was perplexing. Patients gave conflicting response. While a few wanted to change to another drug, many others wanted to continue the use of the prescribed drug even after being advised to stop. The reason when investigated, was that the patients felt the urge to discontinue smoking, which was acceptable to some, while not to others. When this finding was received by the FDA from multiple specialists, Glaxo-Welcome was asked to conduct a full study on a priority basis. Consequently, FDA granted a fast track approval for use of Bupropion for smoking cessation. Antidepressant “Wellbutrin” opened up new pathway for smokers to “kick the Butts” through its second use “Avatar”, in form of “Zyban” for smoking cessation and become the first global breakthrough drug of choice for this second use. Pharmacovigilance helps in developing a road map for secondary use.
Radiological and functional pulmonary complications in patients recovered from COVID-19
Authors: Mejía-Zambrano Henry
Published: September 2021

Background: The COVID-19 disease caused by the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which appeared at the end of 2019 in Hubei Province, Wuhan Region of the People's Republic of China. Objective: To determine radiological and functional pulmonary complications in patients recovered from COVID-19. Methods: We included observational studies, studies of radiological and functional pulmonary complications related to COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital, studies of available text and studies in English and Spanish. A formal narrative synthesis of the collected data was carried out; no formal statistical synthesis was carried out. The synthesis focused on qualitative analysis. The methodological quality of the articles was assessed using the quality assessment tools of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Results: In this systematic review it was observed that the functional pulmonary complications that the patients manifested were: 45.05 % of impaired diffusion capacity (DLCO), 30.1 % of restrictive pattern (FEV1) and 20.4 % of obstructive pattern (FEV1/FVC). Radiological complications were: 59.7% ground-glass opacity (GGO), 18.75% consolidation, 9.3% bronchiectasis, 6% thickening of the underlying pleura, 3.9% thickening of the interlobular septum, 3.83% crazy-paving and 0.96% pleural effusion. Conclusion: This review concludes that post-COVID-19 infection patients showed impaired lung and radiological functions, with DLCO and GGO being the most important.
Archila, M. (coord.); Arboleda, Z.; Coronado, S. et al. (2015). “Hasta cuando soñemos”, Extractivismo e interculturalidad en el sur de La Guajira. Bogotá: Cinep.
Authors: Angulo Novoa Alejandro
Published: September 2021

Este libro tiene un título de largo alcance del que no sé si los autores fueron conscientes. ”Hasta cuando soñemos” no es solamente el plazo que los wayúu le dan al Cerrejón para hacer la consulta previa, sino que también es el que nosotros le podemos dar a la duración de la especie de los mamíferos racionales: seremos humanos hasta cuando soñemos. Cuando esto finalice, nos convertiremos en robots de carne y hueso, y el tremendo vaticinio de Aldous Huxley en su Mundo Mejor se habrá cumplido: habremos escogido la locura de vivir en utopía sobre la insania de vivir en un poblado indio. El libro que tenemos entre manos nos deja ver que el dilema de Huxley no es mera ciencia ficción.
Gloria Isabel Ocampo, Poderes regionales, clientelismo y Estado: etnografías del poder y la política en Córdoba, Colombia, Bogotá, Colección Territorio, Poder y Conflicto
Authors: Dávila Andrés
Published: September 2021

En este libro de más de trescientas páginas, que consta de una Introducción, Seis capítulos organizados en dos partes, un Epílogo y Conclusiones, la autora hace una disección cuidadosa, minuciosa, del poder político regional en Córdoba. Esto que acabo de afirmar tiene varios significados que me permito desarrollar a continuación. Inicialmente, reconstruyendo con rigor la ruta explicativa seguida por la autora. Posteriormente, resaltando los hitos que, a mi manera de ver, constituyen aportes centrales del trabajo para una mejor comprensión y discusión de la política colombiana hoy y hacia el futuro.
Vásquez Delgado, T. (2015). Territorios, Conflicto Armado y Política en el Caquetá: 1900-2010. Bogotá: Uniandes
Authors: Ciro Estefanía
Published: September 2021

El Centro de Investigación y Educación Popular, Cinep/PPP, y el Observatorio Colombiano para el Desarrollo Integral, la Convivencia Ciudadana y el Fortalecimiento Institucional, Odecofi, han liderado una agenda de investigación prolífica en el estudio de la violencia política, la formación del Estado y el conflicto. Dicha agenda plantea que el conflicto armado en Colombia no ha sido homogéneo ni en el tiempo ni en el espacio, y en la misma medida propone que los actores armados no se desenvuelven en territorios vacíos. Con sus trabajos, tanto el Cinep/PPP como Odecofi, han contribuido a una profunda reflexión sobre el Estado y su proceso de construcción al confrontar las formas tradicionales de estudiarlo como un fin teleológico, un ente homogéneo, monolítico y universal.
Presentación
Authors: Hawkins Daniel
Published: September 2021

La actualidad política y económica de Colombia marcada por el fin del conflicto armado entre las FARC-EP y el Estado colombiano, y el tenso proceso de implementar legislativa, política y territorialmente los Acuerdos de La Habana, nos impone diversos retos de índole académica y política. Ante todo, la necesidad de comprender que la implementación de los Acuerdos no sólo implica los trámites formales de aprobación de proyectos de leyes y actos legislativos en el proceso asociado al fast track, sino un análisis de los múltiples factores políticos, económicos y socioculturales que podrían obstaculizar la materialización de lo acordado y enredar el proceso gradual de construir una época de posconflicto colombiano, entendido, de acuerdo con las apreciaciones de León Valencia (2017), como un periodo de transición, desde la terminación del conflicto armado hasta la “normalización” de la democracia, en el cual los factores detonantes de la violencia sean superados.
Mercado de trabajo, fuerza de trabajo y economía campesina indígena Nasa en tres municipios del norte del Cauca: Toribío, Jambaló y Caldono
Authors: Urrea Giraldo Fernando , Castaño Jairo Alexander , Quiroz Cortés Luis Gabriel
Published: September 2021

En este documento se analizan los indicadores convencionales del mercado de trabajo (tasa global de participación, tasa de ocupación, tasa de inactividad y tasa de desempleo) y la inserción de la fuerza de trabajo indígena en el mercado laboral local y regional para tres municipios de predominio de población Nasa en el norte del Cauca: Toribío, Jambaló y Caldono. Igualmente, se presenta una caracterización de la economía campesina Nasa en términos de los cultivos y su destinación (venta/autoconsumo) y el uso de fuerza de trabajo en las labores de siembra y cosecha, entre otras características. Los hallazgos muestran que los indicadores del mercado de trabajo no logran captar la realidad laboral en esta economía campesina. Las fuentes de información utilizadas fueron las bases de datos de la Encuesta Piloto Experimental Nasa.Palabras Clave: Mercado de trabajo, fuerza de trabajo, economía campesina, producción agropecuaria, indígenas Nasa. AbstractLabor Market, Labor Force, and Nasa Indigenous Rural Economy in Three Municipalities in the Northern Cauca: Toribío, Jambaló y CaldonoThis paper analyzes conventional labor market indicators (global participation rate, employment rate, inactivity rate and unemployment rate) and the insertion of the indigenous labor force in the local and regional labor market for three municipalities with a predominant Nasa population in the north of the Cauca: Toribío, Jambaló and Caldono. Similarly, we analyze characteristics of the Nasa rural economy in terms of the crops and their destination (sale/self-consumption) and the labor force use in the sowing and harvesting tasks, among other features. The findings show that labor market indicators fail to capture labor reality in this rural economy. The sources of information used were the databases of the Nasa Experimental Pilot Survey.Keywords: Labor market, labor force, rural economy, agricultural production, Nasa indigenous community.
Sindicatos y Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE) en el pos conflicto colombiano: ¿Una oportunidad para el diálogo social?
Authors: Valero Edgar Augusto
Published: September 2021

Este escrito se ocupa de analizar los discursos y prácticas de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial RSE, en relación con las políticas laborales y la negociación colectiva en las firmas. Después de definir RSE como parte de las tendencias y procesos de la actual globalización, se presenta un panorama de las acciones sindicales que en diferentes contextos nacionales se orientan a aprovechar estos programas como espacios de lucha para revertir el deterioro en la calidad del trabajo. En la parte final se examina la posibilidad de que los sindicatos colombianos procedan en el mismo sentido.Palabras clave: Responsabilidad Social Empresarial, sindicatos, relaciones laborales, Trabajadores, globalización AbstractUnions and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Colombian Post Conflict: An Opportunity for Social Dialogue?  This paper deals with the analysis of discourses and practices of corporate social responsibility (CSR) regarding labor policies and collective bargaining in firms. After defining CSR as part of trends and current globalization processes, an overview is presented of trade union actions that in different national contexts are oriented to take advantage of these programs as sites of struggle to reverse work quality pauperization. In the final section of the paper, there is an examination of the possibility that Colombian unions can proceed in the same direction.Keywords: corporate social responsibility, unions, labor relations, workers, globalization
Prensa alternativa e izquierda: el caso de la revista Documentos Políticos en el periodo final de La Violencia
Authors: Guerrero Lorena , Cifuentes José Alejandro
Published: September 2021

El siguiente artículo abarca los aspectos políticos durante el régimen militar de Gustavo Rojas Pinilla como contexto de la prensa producida por el Partido Comunista Colombiano. Se analiza la revista Documentos Políticos del Partido Comunista de Colombia, por ser un ejemplo de oposición ante aquel periodo antidemocrático. Es así como, mediante un recorrido histórico de aquel periodo, en el que las libertades democráticas fueron restringidas, podemos dar a conocer el trabajo intelectual y político de un grupo de la izquierda colombiana. Además, resaltamos el carácter testimonial de esta publicación a la hora de abordar una historia de la izquierda en Colombia, y más concretamente una historia del Partido Comunista en la segunda mitad del siglo XX.

Palabras claves: prensa, izquierda, revista comunista, oposición al Régimen militar, comunistas

 

Abstract

Alternative and Leftist Press: The Case of the Magazine Documentos Políticos in the Final Period of La Violencia

The following article covers the political aspects during the military regime of Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, as a context to the press produced by the Colombian Communist Party. It analyzes the magazine Documentos Políticos (Political Papers) published by the Communist Party of Colombia, since it is an example of opposition to that antidemocratic period. Thus, by means of a systematic historical approach of that period, in which democratic freedoms were restricted, we can better understand the intellectual and political work of a group of the Colombian left. Furthermore, we highlight the testimonial character of this publication when addressing the history of the left in Colombia, and more specifically the history of the Communist Party in the second half of the twentieth century.

Key words: Press, the left, communist magazine, opposition to the military regime, communist
Editorial
Authors: Duarte Carlos
Published: September 2021

Hace ya más de una década, luego de las crisis de los modelos de sustitución por importaciones y la subsiguiente hegemonía de los dogmas neoliberales focalizados en la valoración financiera, se asiste a un proceso sostenido de reprimarización de las economías latinoamericanas.
Implementasi Nilai Pendidikan Karakter pada Anak Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Fatimah Nur
Published: September 2021

Wacana akan terjadinya diintegrasi karakter masyarakat dalam beberapa dekade ini tampaknya mendekati kenyataan. Dalam kondisi semacam ini menjadi perlu adanya pendidikan karakter yang baik dan harus diaplikasikan sejak masa golden age. Mengapa demikian? Jawaban dari persoalan ini menjadi kajian utama dalam artikel ini. Penelitian ini mendapati bahwa para ahli prikologi menilai bahwa pendidikan karakter sudah harus semestinya dari dalam keluarga, karena keluarga merupakan lingkungan pertama bagi pertumbuhan anak. Selain itu, pendidikan karakter juga perlu diberikan kepada anak-anak saat masuk dalam lingkungan sekolah dan masyarakat. Penekanan usia dini menjadi penting sebab pada usia tersebut nilai-nilai religius, jujur, toleransi, disiplin, kerja keras, kreatif, mandiri, demokratis, rasa ingin tahu, semangat kebangsaan, cinta tanah air, menghargai prestasi, bersahabat, cinta damai, gemar membaca, peduli lingkungan, peduli sosial dan tanggung jawab mulai terbentuk dan tertanam dalam alam bawah sadar mereka.
Peran Lingkungan Sekolah dalam Pengembangan Mental Siswa
Authors: Kuswadi Edi
Published: September 2021

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji seberapa besar peran lingkungan sekolah dalam pengembangan mental peserta didiknya. Asumsi yang beredar adalah adanya keterhubungan erat penuh pengertian antara sekolah, peserta didik, wali serta masyarakat. Penelitian ini secara umum mendapati bahwa secara garis besar peran lingkungan sekolah dalam proses perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan penyediaan informasi yang diperlukan bagi peserta didik sanagt penting. Ia harus mampu memberikan pelbagai alternatif keputusan yang dapat dipergunakan peserta didik guna menjalani hidup dan menyelesaikan seluruh problematik yang dihadapinya. Oleh karena itu, pelaksanaan proses pendidikan mental dan konseling harus diupayakan untuk memperoleh informasi yang diinginkan dari rangkaian program yang telah direncanakan dan dilaksanakan di sekolah. Di sekolah guru mengumpulkan data untuk merekap siswa-siswa yang butuh bimbingan. Hal tersebut memudahkan guru bimbingan dalam melaksanakan tugasnya Karena hal tersebut bisa merekap siwa dalam mencapai targetnya.
Peran Ghuruh Tolang dalam Menanamkan Nilai Karakter pada Santri di Musholla al-Ismail Tanah Merah Bangkalan
Authors: Abdullah Abdullah , Ismail Moh
Published: September 2021

Membincang pendidikan awal di Bangkalan, acap kali dikaitkan dengan ghuruh tolang. Ghuruh tolang adalah figur pendidik yang berperan penting dalam pembentukan karakter dasar anak, namun jarang dikaji dan diteliti. Penelitian deskriptif ini berupaya menganalisis peran ghuruh tolang dalam menanamkan nilai-nilai karakter islami pada santri di musholla al-Ismail Tanah Merah Bangkalan. Hal mendasar yang dilakukan ghuruh tolang adalah mengajari santri membaca al-Qur’an mulai dari mengenalkan huruf hijaiyah hingga dapat membaca al-Qur’an. Temuan penelitian ini memaparkan bahwa masyarakat Madura (dalam hal ini di Tanah Merah Bangkalan) sangat menjunjung tinggi ahklak dan agama, sebab hal itu menjadi petunjuk dalam kehidupan menuju ke arah yang lebih baik. Dengan dasar tersebut, ghuruh tolang menanamkan karakter pada santri yang meliputi tiga aspek, yaitu jasmaniyah, kejiwaan dan kerohanian yang dilakukan secara intensif dan berkesinambungan.
Peran Ibu Single Parent dalam Membentuk Kepribadian Anak; Kasus dan Solusi
Authors: Hadi Warsito
Published: September 2021

Artikel ini menyoal problematika yang dihadapi seorang ibu sebagai orang tua tunggal (single parent) dalam mendidik anaknya. Idealnya, kolaborasi kedua orang tua berperan besar terhadap perkembangan anak. Masalah muncul ketika peran dua orang harus dihadapi oleh seorang ibu yang notabene bukan pemimpin dalam keluarga. Tulisan ini mencoba mengulas beberapa persoalan single parent dalam mendidik anaknya dengan menghadirkan data utama dari wawancara. Penelitian ini berargumen bahwa masalah pada keluarga single parent pada intinya terletak pada kurangnya perhatian dari orang tua. Hal ini melahirkan sikap yang dikendalikan. Solusi untuk masalah ini terletak pada cara menjadi ibu yang baik. Seorang ibu menjadi agen utama yang menciptakan pribadi anak. Oleh karena itu, kesadaran dalam diri orang tua menjadi elemen mendasar yang menentukan kualitas pendidikan di lingkungan keluarga.
Sunnah, Sains dan Peradaban Manusia; Menelaah Kembali Pemikiran Yusuf Al Qardhawi
Authors: Putra Ahmad , Rumondor Prasetio
Published: September 2021

Di era ini, muncul beranekaragam pemikiran yang berujung pada permasalahan dalam bidang sains (ilmu pengetahuan). Maka kajian tentang pemikiran Yusuf al Qardhawi menarik dikupas kembali untuk memberikan kerangka berpikir yang bersandar pada as Sunnah sebagai dasar hukum Islam yang kedua. Studi pustaka ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pemikiran Yusuf al Qardhawi tentang Sunnah sebagai sumber ilmu pengetahuan dan peradaban. Selanjutnya artikel ini diharapkan dapat merefleksikan pemikiran tersebut dalam kehidupan intelektual. Penulis berkesimpulan bahwa, bagi Yusuf al Qardhawi, Sunnah merupakan tafsir praktis terhadap al-Qur’an dan aplikasi ideal dalam peradaban Islam. Sunnah juga memberikan keterkaitan yang kuat pada perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan manusia. Penulis berargumen, dengan menjadikan Sunnah sebagai sumber pengetahuan dan peradaban, sebenarnya al Qardhawi menekankan pada penggunaan akal yang merujuk kepada Sunnah sebagai sumber kontekstual.
Pembiasaan Tradisi Aswaja sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Radikalisme di Madrasah Aliyah Matholi’ul Huda Kedung Jepara
Authors: Rohman Fathur , A'la Hanifa
Published: September 2021

This article discusses the traditional Aswaja practices that implemented in Madrasah Aliyah (MA) Matholi'ul Huda Kedung Jepara as a means of preventing radicalism. There are two issues that will be discussed in this article, namely the forms of the Aswaja tradition that took place in MA Matholi'ul Huda Kedung Jepara and the habituation of the Aswaja tradition within the MA Matholi'ul Huda Jepara. This study was conducted using a qualitative approach with a case study method. The data in this study were collected using participatory observation techniques, interviews, and documentation. The data were then analyzed descriptively qualitatively through three stages, namely presentation, reduction and verification. From the results of this analysis, it is known that the traditions that are accustomed to in MA Matholi'ul Huda Kedung Jepara are khatmil quran, tahlilan, istigtsah, pilgrimage to the grave, and tawassul. Khatmil Qur'an and Tahlilan habituated once a week. While Istighatsah, grave pilgrimage, and tawassul are carried out at the beginning of the school year, before the semester exams, and the National Examination. This traditional habituation is a form of learning so that students have a caring attitude towards tradition and respect for the scholars who have started the tradition. This attitude of caring and respect will in turn be both an antidote and an antidote to the "poison" of radicalism.
Ibn Jama’ah; Reaktualisasi Pendidikan Karakter Khazanah Islam Klasik
Authors: Hadi Muhammad Fazlurrahman
Published: September 2021

Tiga dosa besar pendidikan tanah air yang disampaikan oleh Mendikbud Nadiem Makarim, yaitu: bullying, kekerasan seksual, dan intolerance. Hal ini menjadi masalah besar yang tak kunjung ditemukan formula yang tepat untuk diimplementasikan kepada pendidikan kita. Pada kajian ini, bertujuan mengajak para pendidik dan pakar pendidikan, khususnya pendidikan Islam, untuk menemukan atau menawarkan konsep pendidikan karakter yang sebenarnya telah dilakukan oleh ulama’-ulama’ salaf (terdahulu) dalam mendidik muridnya, sehingga dapat menjawab tiga permasalah di atas. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah kajian pustaka, dengan pendekatan deskriptif-kualitatif. Adapun temuan-temuan dari bahasan ini, di antaranya: Ibn Jama’ah telah lebih dahulu menerapkan model pendidikan pada Sibyan -sekarang dikenal dengan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) - dari pada tokoh-tokoh pendidikan Barat. Selain itu, Ia menekankan perlunya adab murid pada dirinya sendiri, guru dan ilmu yang dipelajarinya. Oleh karena itu, menjadi penting dan urgen untuk kembali mereaktualisasikan dan membuka kembali literasi-literasi khazanah Islam klasik yang tak kalah dari literasi Barat sebagai konsep dasar berpikir mengenai pendidikan karakter. Hal lain yang tak kalah penting, ialah pendidikan karakter tak perlu dijadikan sebuah mata pelajaran atau mata kuliah tersendiri, karena seyogyanya pendidikan karakter terintegrasi atau bersenyawa dengan pelajaran-pelajaran yang lainnya.
Patriotisme Sufistik Ibn al-Taymīyah; Konsep dan Kiprahnya
Authors: Mollah Moch. Kalam
Published: September 2021

This paper examines the thoughts of a famous Muslim figure named Ibn al-Taymīyah. As an individual who lives in an era of heterogeneous society and full of political upheaval, the figure born in al-Harrān has ideas that are arguably unique and different from his predecessors. By examining relevant literature sources, the writer finds that Ibn al-Taymīyah's ideas differ from the majority of pre-existing thoughts. For him, a leader must have the skills, skills and a sense of justice in leading the country. In addition, he is also known as a patriot who has dedicated himself to the interests of the nation and state. Apart from being an intellectual as well as a patriot with a spirit of state solidarity, Ibn al-Taymīyah was also known as one who had such a strong Sufistic conception. This concept emphasizes that the motivation to defend the nation and state must be balanced with zuhud and sincerity that humans are part of a human entity that cannot be separated from the theological aspect.
Kepemimpinan dan Penjaminan Mutu; Peran Kepala Sekolah dalam Menunjang Penjaminan Mutu SMA YP 17 Surabaya
Authors: Usman Usman , Baihaqi Mohammad
Published: September 2021

The quality assurance and development of an educational institution depends on the quality of the headmaster as an educational leader. Therefore, the headmaster are required to be more creative, innovative and dynamic in line with changes in society that are increasingly fast and open. This study aims to analyze the role of principal leadership in supporting quality assurance at SMA YP 17 Surabaya. This research is a descriptive qualitative research with a case study approach. From the results of the study it can be concluded that in supporting quality assurance, the leadership of the head of SMA YP 17 Surabaya is supported by the character of strong responsibility, courage in making decisions, and participation in implementing policies. The headmaster has made several important efforts in supporting the quality assurance of the institution by developing the curriculum, human resources, infrastructure and increasing community participation. In managerial terms, the development of the quality of the institution is supported by good coordination with the academic community and the existence of togetherness in curriculum management and learning. In order for quality assurance to be more effective, the headmaster must periodically evaluate every program that has been implemented. The aim is to measure the level of success and find out the deficiencies of the program being implemented. Furthermore, the headmaster needs to conduct more massive socialization of the institution to the community. This is an effort to increase community participation in efforts to develop the quality of schools in the future.
Gross Margin, Gross Profit and the Price Elasticity of Demand
Authors: Vance David E.
Published: September 2021

Low gross margin can predict failure. High gross margin increases the odds of superior profits. A company’s gross margin is the weighted average gross margin of its products. The easiest way to change a company’s gross margin is to focus on products with a low, zero or negative gross margin. The temptation might be to simply discontinue these products. A better alternative is to consider whether a product can be repriced to improve gross margin and gross profit.Raising price reduces demand based on a product’s price elasticity. Academic articles on price elasticity tend to employ calculus and statistics that are beyond the skill of the individuals who actually make pricing decisions. The contribution of this article it is to provide a clear, simple means of identifying a price point that maximizes product gross profit considering unit cost and the price elasticity of demand.
De betekenis van de verborgen kunst
Authors: Cools Marc , Siegel Dina
Published: September 2021

The meaning of hidden art

Art crime, related to the existence of hidden art, appears in the legal and illegal art market. In the criminal ‘artopolis’ especially iconoclasm, forgeries and looting are longstanding phenomena. Today they are subject to the debate on art restitution.
Voor roem of fortuin
Authors: Charney Noah
Published: September 2021

For fame or fortune – Forgery of archaeological artefacts

This paper looks at a selection of famous forgeries of archaeological objects – the James Ossuary, the Shroud of Turin, the Piltdown Man Skull and the Archaeoraptor Fossil – to consider how these artefacts were falsified for personal benefit, whether in terms of fame or finance. The Shroud of Turin was identified as a forgery as early as 1389, and yet the value in terms of income from pilgrims was such that it continued to be displayed and venerated. The James Ossuary was forged for profit and notoriety, to gain renown and then to sell. The Piltdown Man Skull was one of many alleged forgeries by a man who sought renown by finding the ‘missing link’ that proved the Darwinian theory of evolution from ape to homo erectus. The same motivation drove the scientists who tried to pass off the Archaeoraptor Fossil as the ‘missing link’ that proved the relation of dinosaurs and birds.
Sevtsuk, Andres (2020). Street Commerce: Creating Vibrant Urban Sidewalks
Authors: Pérez Mateos Àngels
Published: September 2021

Sevtsuk, Andres (2020)Street Commerce: Creating Vibrant Urban SidewalksFiladelfia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 240 p.Series: The City in the Twenty-First CenturyISBN 9780812252200
Jaka ma być ochrona gatunkowa? Część I. Ochrona gatunkowa porostów, czyli co tak naprawdę chronimy?
Authors: Fałtynowicz Wiesław
Published: September 2021

Streszczenie

W artykule podano informacje o wszystkich gatunkach porostów, których lista jest zawarta w Rozporządzeniu Ministra Środowiska z dnia 9 października 2014 r. w sprawie ochrony gatunkowej grzybów. Uporządkowano ich pozycję w systemie, omówiono rozmieszczenie ogólne i w kraju. Przy każdym gatunku podano też sugestie dotyczące potrzeby ich ochrony prawnej. Dogłębna analiza pozwoliła stwierdzić, że to rozporządzenie w rzeczywistości zawiera nie 205, lecz 168 gatunków stwierdzonych w Polsce, z których 29 uznano za wymarłe i niewidziane w kraju od 1970 r. Ponad 30 zamieszczonych w nim nazw okazało się synonimami, a 3 gatunki nigdy u nas nie występowały.
Review and characteristics of 585 salivary
gland neoplasms from a tertiary hospital
registered in the Polish National Major
Salivary Gland Benign Tumors Registry over
a period of 5 years: a prospective study
Authors: Piwowarczyk Krzysztof , Bartkowiak Ewelina , Klimza Hanna , Greczka Grażyna , Wierzbicka Małgorzata
Published: September 2021

Introduction: A Polish National Major Salivary Gland Benign Tumors Registry (SGR) is a report of benign salivary gland neoplasms (SGNs) from 26 different centres in Poland, introduced in 2014. The aim of this study is to analyze demographic characteristics and clinico-pathological factors of benign SGNs treated in large tertiary institutions and to determine possible correlations between selected variables.
Material and method: Analysis of 585 patients recorded in SGR and operated on for SGNs in the Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Surgery, University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland, over a 5-year period. Patient age, sex, occupation, place of residence, tumor location, size, histology, recurrence, facial nerve function after surgery, wound healing, surgery procedure, availability of pre-operative imaging examinations, fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) results were analyzed.
Results: 338 females and 247 males with a mean age of 53 years were operated on. In total, 96.2% of tumors originated from the parotid and 3.8% from the submandibular gland. The most frequent primary tumor diameter was 2–4 cm (59.5%) followed by <2 cm (29.2%) and >4 cm (8.4%). Tumors of over 4 cm were frequently removed by partial superficial parotidectomy, while those under 2 cm – by extracapsullar dissection (ECD). Pleomorphic adenomas (PA) were predominant (58.8%), followed by Warthin’s tumor (WT) – 37.1%. Patients with WT were on average 13.3 years older than patients with PA.
Discussion: This research can be helpful to better understand the clinico-pathological features of SGNs. Long-termin hospital-based analysis is important for subsequent metaanalyses and comparisons with other centers. The reasons why not all patients’ data are reported to the national SGR should be further precisely analyzed.