bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Keterlibatan orangtua dalam needs asesment pengembangan komunikasi anak cerebral palsy
Authors: Mumpuniarti Mumpuniarti , Sukinah Sukinah , Pujaningsih Pujaningsih
Published: March 2017

Penelitian bertujuan menggali tindakan dan harapan yang dapat dilakukan oleh orang tua yang memiliki anak Cerebral Palsy, khususnya dalam mengembangkan kemampuan berkomunikasi. Hambatan komunikasi dan kognitif yang mayoritas dimiliki oleh anak Cerebral Palsy (CP) tetap harus dioptimalkan dengan menggunakan komunikasi alternatif dan tambahan (Augmentative and Alternative Communication/AAC). Untuk itu, perlu dikembangkan media komunikasi tersebut dan kemampuan menggunakan oleh anak Cerebral Palsy diperlukan keterlibatan orang tua. Oleh karena itu, penelitian dilakukan dengan tindakan partisipasi antara peneliti dan orang tua melalui mendampingi orang tua agar supaya orang tua mampu membuat media, serta mengimplementasikan bagi anaknya yang Cerebral Palsy. Partisipasi orang tua digali dengan angket, wawancara, dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 95% dari orang tua membutuhkan anaknya dapat dengan AAC, demikian juga kebutuhan (need) asesmen masih pada kebutuhan level awal komunikasi. Kondisi itu berimplikasi mengembangkan komunikasi yang dibutuhkan untuk kehidupan sehari-hari di lingkungan keluarga. AAC yang dipilih lebih ke arah miniatur benda asli dan kartu gambar.Kata Kunci: Komunikasi AAC Cerebral Palsy (CP) Parental Involvement in the Needs Assessment of Cerebral Palsy Children Communication Development AbstractThe study aims to explore the actions and expectations can be done by parents of children with Cerebral Palsy, particularly in developing communication skills. Barriers to communication and cognitive majority owned by the child's Cerebral Palsy (CP) remains to be optimized by using alternative and additional communication (augmentative and Alternative Communication / AAC). For it is necessary to develop the communications media and the ability to use the Cerebral Palsy children need parental involvement. Therefore, the research carried out with the participation of action between researchers and parents through assisting the parents so that parents can make the media, as well as implements for Cerebral Palsy children. Participation of parents dug with questionnaires, interviews, and observations. The results showed that 95% of parents in need of child can be with AAC, so does the need (need) assessment is still at the initial level of communication needs. The condition is implicated develop communication needed for daily life in the family environment. AAC selected more towards miniaturized original objects and picture cards.Keywords: Communication with AAC of Cerebral Palsy
Virtual Reality for Management of Pain in Hospitalized Patients: Results of a Controlled Trial
Authors: Tashjian Vartan C , Mosadeghi Sasan , Howard Amber R , Lopez Mayra , Dupuy Taylor , Reid Mark , Martinez Bibiana , Ahmed Shahzad , Dailey Francis , Robbins Karen , Rosen Bradley , Fuller Garth , Danovitch Itai , IsHak Waguih , Spiegel Brennan
Published: March 2017

Background

Improvements in software and design and reduction in cost have made virtual reality (VR) a practical tool for immersive, three-dimensional (3D), multisensory experiences that distract patients from painful stimuli.

Objective

The objective of the study was to measure the impact of a onetime 3D VR intervention versus a two-dimensional (2D) distraction video for pain in hospitalized patients.

Methods

We conducted a comparative cohort study in a large, urban teaching hospital in medical inpatients with an average pain score of ≥3/10 from any cause. Patients with nausea, vomiting, dementia, motion sickness, stroke, seizure, and epilepsy and those placed in isolation were excluded. Patients in the intervention cohort viewed a 3D VR experience designed to reduce pain using the Samsung Gear Oculus VR headset; control patients viewed a high-definition, 2D nature video on a 14-inch bedside screen. Pre- and postintervention pain scores were recorded. Difference-in-difference scores and the proportion achieving a half standard deviation pain response were compared between groups.

Results

There were 50 subjects per cohort (N=100). The mean pain reduction in the VR cohort was greater than in controls (−1.3 vs −0.6 points, respectively; P=.008). A total of 35 (65%) patients in the VR cohort achieved a pain response versus 40% of controls (P=.01; number needed to treat=4). No adverse events were reported from VR.

Conclusions

Use of VR in hospitalized patients significantly reduces pain versus a control distraction condition. These results indicate that VR is an effective and safe adjunctive therapy for pain management in the acute inpatient setting; future randomized trials should confirm benefit with different visualizations and exposure periods.

Trial Registration

Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02456987; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02456987 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6pJ1P644S)
Satisfaction, quality of life and perception of patients regarding burdens and benefits of vitamin K antagonists compared with direct oral anticoagulants in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Contreras Muruaga M del Mar , Vivancos José , Reig Gemma , González Ayoze , Cardona Pere , Ramírez-Moreno José Mª , Martí Joan , Suárez Fernández Carmen ,   on behalf of the ALADIN Study Investigators
Published: March 2017

Aim:
To compare the satisfaction of patients treated with vitamin K antagonists (VKA) with that of patients treated with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and to determine the impact on quality of life of both treatments in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF).
Methods:
Cross-sectional multicenter study in which outpatients with NVAF completed the ACTS (Anti-Clot Treatment Scale), SAT-Q (Satisfaction Questionnaire) and EQ-5D-3L (EuroQol 5 dimensions questionnaire, 3 level version) questionnaires.
Results:
The study population comprised 1337 patients, of whom 587 were taking DOACs and 750 VKAs. Compared with VKAs, DOACs were more commonly prescribed in patients with a history of stroke and in patients with a higher thromboembolic risk. The study scores were as follows: SAT-Q: 63.8 ± 17.8; EQ-5D-3L total score: 75.6 ± 20.9; visual analog scale: 63.1 ± 20.6; ACTS Burdens: 51.8 ± 8.4 and ACTS Benefits: 11.9 ± 2.4. The ACTS Burdens score and ACTS Benefits score were higher with DOACs than with VKAs (54.83 ± 6.11 vs 49.50 ± 9.15; p < 0.001 and 12.36 ± 2.34 vs 11.48 ± 2.46; p < 0.001 respectively).
Conclusion:
NVAF patients treated with oral anticoagulants had many comorbidities and a high thromboembolic risk. Satisfaction and quality of life with oral anticoagulants were high, although they were both better with DOACs than with VKAs.
La fábula feliz de la democracia
Authors: Vitale Ermanno
Published: March 2017

Este ensayo se propone afrontar dos niveles de reflexión y cuestionamiento sobre la democracia procedimental y sobre los regímenes políticos en los que históricamente se han manifestado las “democracias avanzadas” occidentales. En un primer nivel se consideran las críticas sobre la mutación de la democracia procedimental y su transformación en una forma de oligarquía electiva, un régimen en el que acaba faltando la competición real entre elites distintas y distintas propuestas políticas. En un segundo nivel se pone en duda que una restauración de la democracia procedimental, a partir de las propuestas de los grandes teóricos del siglo XX —Kelsen, Schumpeter, Popper, Bobbio, Ferrajoli— esté orientada y sea estructuralmente adecuada para afrontar con seriedad las “amenazas presentes”, pero en el fondo conocidas ya desde hace medio siglo (riesgo de una catástrofe ecológica, crecientes desigualdades planetarias, bulimia del mercado, terrorismo, etcétera). Amenazas que se agravan cada vez más tras la caída del muro de Berlín, y a las que todos estamos, aunque en distinta medida, expuestos. La respuesta de las democracias avanzadas a estas cuestiones ha estado marcada por el “desarrollo”, centrado en el modelo económico-político y científico-tecnológico occidental, que habría tenido que difundirse globalmente, con resultados contrarios a las expectativas, como quedó ya en evidencia en el informe Meadows, comisionado por el Club de Roma, y como siguen mostrando los estudios de autores como Jonas, Rist, Latouche. No sabiendo, o no pudiendo, mantener la promesa “ilustrada” de formar ciudadanos responsables y rindiéndose ante su infantilización por medio de las técnicas de marketing, como ha mostrado Barber, los regímenes democráticos que tenían su matriz teórica en la Ilustración parecen incapaces de generar en su interior ese “movimiento contrario” que podría despertar una conciencia, cuando menos difusa, de las amenazas globales que nos aguardan en el próximo futuro.
Teoría jurídica y globalización neoliberal
Authors: Cárdenas García Jaime
Published: March 2017

El mundo globalizado ha producido un nuevo derecho, que aún no ha sido explicado ni mucho menos justificado por una teoría jurídica de la globalización. Las teorías jurídicas contemporáneas se han construido desde el Estado-nación, y muy pocas han abordado los problemas que plantea ese derecho que hoy es dominante. En este artículo explicamos las variables jurídicas del neoliberalismo, y damos cuenta de algunas teorías que pretenden explicar y justificar el derecho de la globalización neoliberal. También reflexionamos en torno a si las teorías constitucionales contemporáneas, pueden servir como aproximación teórica al neoliberalismo globalizador, y concluimos que algunos de sus planteamientos pueden ser útiles siempre y cuando nos comprometamos con una visión radical de los derechos humanos y de la democracia.
Modernidad, progreso y violencia: algunas claves para un concepto jurídico de revolución
Authors: Pérez Llody Luis Alberto
Published: March 2017

Las revoluciones han constituido un fenómeno central en la caracterización de la historia moderna; sus consecuencias se evidencian desde fines del siglo XVIII para las Trece Colonias de Norteamérica y Francia hasta los múltiples ejemplos aportados por el siglo XX. Tal apreciación ha sido sometida a estudios de diversa índole; sin embargo, no todos han sido capaces de explicar de forma ordenada la relación que se implica en sus decursos con la ciencia del derecho. De acuerdo con este criterio, el presente estudio está orientado a caracterizar las manifestaciones y contenidos inherentes a la revolución como forma trascendente de resistencia política. Ello será posible a través de la valoración de sus elementos justificantes y constitutivos de acuerdo con diversos órdenes teóricos y doctrinales, la dimensión de sus alcances para las ciencias política y jurídica y su capacidad de transformación e implicación con el factor de la evolución histórica.
KEBIJAKAN PEMEKARAN WILAYAH DAN PENGEMBANGAN PUSAT PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI KOTA TASIKMALAYA
Authors: Hamri Ebed , Putri Eka Intan Kumala , Siregar Hermanto J. , Bratakusumah Deddy S.
Published: March 2017

Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kota Tasikmalaya sebagai kota hasil pemekaran tahun 2001 berkembang sebagai pusat pertumbuhan ekonomi di wilayah Priangan Timur Propinsi Jawa Barat. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis perkembangan struktur perekonomian wilayah dan sektor unggulan yang menjadi daya saing perekonomian wilayah Kota Tasikmalaya dibandingkan daerah sekitarnya (hinterland), dengan menggunakan analisis Tipologi Klassen, Indeks Diversitas Entropi (IDE), Location Quotient dan Model Gravitasi. Penelitian menunjukkan hasil analisis tipologi klassen, Kota Tasikmalaya termasuk klasifikasi daerah berkembang cepat, sedang kabupaten hinterland masuk klasifikasi daerah relatif tertinggal. Analisis IDE menunjukkan sektor-sektor perekonomian Kota Tasikmalaya lebih berkembang dibandingkan daerah hinterlandnya. Analisis Location Quotient (LQ) menunjukkan rata-rata LQ Kota Tasikmalaya lebih besar dibandingkan wilayah hinterlandnya.
The Hevea brasiliensis AP2/ERF superfamily: from ethylene signalling to latex harvesting and physiological disease response
Authors: PUTRANTO Riza Arief , MONTORO Pascal
Published: March 2017

Ethylene is a hormone known for its involvement in the process of latex harvesting in Hevea brasiliensis. It facilitates latex flow by activation of endogenous metabolism in the anastomosed latex cells called laticifers. In regard to its ambivalent role, ethylene is both favourable to the latex production and unfavourable, to a certain level, to the apparition of a physiological disease termed as tapping panel dryness (TPD). Comprehensive researches have been carried out to reveal the molecular actors in ethylene biosynthesis and signalling pathways in Hevea brasiliensis. One of the most important superfamily implicated as the last transcription factor known in plant ethylene signalling is the APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (AP2/ERF). Currently, 114 unique sequences related to the Hevea AP2/ERF gene superfamily have been identified and characterized. Specific characterizations under the condition of harvesting stress and the occurrence of TPD have identified 36 gene expression markers (GEMs). Eighteen of these GEMs were predicted as ortholog with 19 Arabidopsis AP2/ERF genes. The characterization was mainly focused on transcriptional regulation, whilst potential post-transcriptional and post-translational regulations of HbAP2/ERF genes were formerly predicted. Three HbERF groups (HbERF-VII, HbERF-VIII and HbERF-IX) were hypothesized to have an important role in Hevea tolerance during latex production as they highly accumulated in laticifers and in response to multiple abiotic stresses. Further functional analysis of several key genes is suggested in order to fully understand the regulation of HbAP2/ERFs. Finally, the molecular markers for future Hevea breeding could be possibly developed from this superfamily.
Optimasi Pembuatan Membran Chitosam dalam Penurunan COD dan BOD POME (Palm Oil Mill Effluent) [Optimization of the Membrane Production Process toCOD and BOD removal of POME (Palm Oil Mill Effluent)]
Authors: WAHYUNI Sri , SISWANTO . , DAMAYANTI Alia
Published: March 2017

Palm oil is one of the main commodities that cultivated in Indonesia as the biggest palm oil producer. One of the main problems in palm oil industry is the difficulty to degradate the palm oil mill effluent (POME) due to the high quantity and content of COD and BOD. In physico-chemical, POME can be processed using membrane filtration technology. Chitosan is one of the most widely used material forproducing membrane filtration. Composite of Chitosan-PVA-PEG is a highly mixture absorbent, which possibly can be used as a membrane in filtration process of POME. The experiment was started with the production of composite membrane, and then filtration application using cross-flow reactor system. The variables of this experiment were chitosan and PVA ratio (3:7, 4:5, 1:1, 6:4 and 7:3 (v/v)), and stirring speed (100 rpm and 300 rpm). The reactor test was conducted for 50 minutes and permeate were taken every 10 minutes. Filtration output parameters that were analyzed flux, COD and BOD. The result showed that the highest flux values in the variation of the stirring speed of 100 rpm and 300 rpm were 40.20 L/m2.hr and 27.15 L/m2.hr, respectively. The highest rejection values of COD and BOD were obtained in membrane ratio variation of 1:1 (v/v) and stirring speed of 300 rpm, which are 97.24% and 97.60%, respectitively.
Purification, characterization, and bioassay of putative protease inhibitors from Hevea brasiliensis latex
Authors: PUTRANTO Riza Arief , SISWANTO . , MULYATNI Agustin Sri , BUDIANI Asmini , TISTAMA Radite
Published: March 2017

Latex, a milky white liquid, is the main product from rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). Latex is the cytoplasm of complex cellular networks named laticifers in which it contains many different components, including important proteins. Various types of enzymes carrying functions associated with plant defense against pathogen and wounding have been detected in latex in which one of these enzymes is protease inhibitor (PI). Plant protease inhibitor has tremendous potential as an antifungal agent which can be developed as biofungicide. In this work, protease inhibitors from B-serum (lutoid) of rubber tree latex were isolated and purified using Ion Exchange Chromatography (IEC) technique. Of the total 70 fractions of proteins extracted from the columns, only 26 fractions showed measurable levels of protein. The concentration of obtained putative protease inhibitors (three fractions of IEC) ranged from 0.007 to 0.022 mL/g B-serum. Inhibitory activity against four protease enzymes (subtilisin A, trypsin, α-chymotrypsin, and papain) showed the characteristics of Hevea putative protease inhibitors from B-serum as serine and/or cysteine protease inhibitors with more than 15% inhibitory activity of target protease. Based on SDS-PAGE visualization, the molecular weight of dominant protein considered as Hevea putative protease inhibitors was 21.5 kDa. In vitro bioassay test of antifungal activity for Hevea putative protease inhibitors showed reduced mycelium growth of Ganoderma boninense, Sclerotium sp., and Rigidosporus lignosus.
Prensa escrita costarricense ante el referéndum sobre uniones de personas del mismo sexo (2010)
Authors: Díaz González José Andrés
Published: March 2017

El presente artículo analiza las noticias publicadas por cuatro medios de prensa escrita (La Nación, el Diario Extra, el Semanario Universidad y El País) en relación con la posibilidad de llevarse a cabo un referéndum, en diciembre de 2010, para aprobar o rechazar la legalización de la unión de personas del mismo sexo. Mediante el análisis de contenido, se determina cuáles son los principales elementos, actores y conflictos identificados por los medios de comunicación estudiados en torno a la posible realización de dicho referéndum, con el propósito de determinar cuál es la imagen de la realidad social que se busca proyectar a la opinión pública. ABSTRACT This paper analyzes several news published by four Newspapers (La Nación, Diario Extra, Semanario Universidad and El País) regarding the possible materialization of a referendum, dated December 2010, to legalize or reject the union of persons of same sex. The analysis of the published news has led to the determination of the main elements, actors and conflicts identified by the mass media under study, with the purpose of elucidating the social reality image press seeks to offer to public opinion.
Cobertura universal ¿sueño o utopía? El caso de Costa Rica
Authors: Sáenz Madrigal María del Rocío
Published: March 2017

El sistema de seguridad social costarricense es considerado a nivel internacional como uno de los sistemas más exitosos y eficientes de Latinoamérica. Inició con el seguro social a los trabajadores del sector público y se ha ido consolidando hasta convertirse en uno de los sistemas públicos más comprehensivos en el abordaje de la salud, y de los de mayor universalización tanto en el nivel financiero como poblacional. Sin embargo, en la actualidad su principal reto es la sostenibilidad del sistema para mantener y ampliar cobertura; la ruta propuesta consiste en renovar y fortalecer los principios de equidad, solidaridad y universalidad; incorporar nuevos principios de transparencia, sostenibilidad y participación que se sumen al esfuerzo de construcción de un sueño histórico y alcanzar la cobertura universal. ABSTRACT Costa Rican Social Security System is internationally considered one of the most successful and efficient systems in Latin America. First it started covering the Public Sector worker, and it has been straighten to become one of the most widely comprehensive in its approach, and one with the highest population and financial coverage. However, social security is facing a challenge, the sustainability of system and coverage; the routemap consists of renewing and straightening the fundamental principles of equity, solidarity and universality, besides, to complement them with new principles of transparency, sustainability and participation added to efforts for building an historic dream and reach the universal coverage.
Los usos del currículum como discurso ideológico y práctica de la legitimación del poder en Costa Rica
Authors: Campos Hernández Rodrigo
Published: March 2017

En este trabajo, se hace una revisión sociohistórica del papel que ha jugado el currículum en la sociedad costarricense, como instrumento ideológico fundamental para difundir, desarrollar y consolidar un determinado proyecto de ejercicio del poder por la vía predominante del consenso y la legitimidad, durante los siglos XIX, XX y en las primeras décadas del actual siglo XXI. El currículum está en estrecha relación con el papel que los grupos hegemónicos le atribuyen a la educación en la sociedad, por tanto, se puede plantear la posibilidad de identificar y tratar de aclarar las orientaciones fundamentales del discurso educativo mediante el análisis curricular y viceversa.
Desarrollo y migraciones internacionales: notas para la discusión
Authors: Gatica López Gustavo
Published: March 2017

Este artículo retoma la discusión de la literatura contemporánea sobre migraciones: la que replantea la relación entre desarrollo y migración. Un criterio de ingreso necesario para el análisis de las migraciones es el derivado de una noción multidimensional de desarrollo, la cual pasa por el reconocimiento del derecho a este. El artículo se escribe desde Costa Rica, teniendo como referente que este es un país principalmente, aunque no exclusivamente, receptor de población inmigrante; por ello, simultáneamente, se analizan los retos que tendría este desde una perspectiva de desarrollo.
Periodismo comunitario en Costa Rica: la información en manos de la ciudadanía
Authors: Ureña Sandoval Lauren
Published: March 2017

El periodismo comunitario es una forma de expresión popular. Consiste en que ciudadanos de cualquier oficio o profesión, sin remuneración económica, se organizan para divulgar temas que los afectan. El periodismo comunitario se utiliza como contrapeso al no abordar lo local de los grandes medios de comunicación. Se desarrolla de manera horizontal, con lenguaje sencillo, espíritu colectivo, mediante decisiones colegiadas y autónomas. Las experiencias de periodismo comunitario son diversas; disímiles en su temática, aunque iguales en filosofía y propósito social. Mediante tres estudios de casos en Costa Rica y la opinión de expertos se muestran hallazgos de esta práctica, muy afianzada en algunos y con limitaciones en otros.
Apuntes sobre percepciones y responsabilidades en el estudio de la seguridad
Authors: Mora Solano Sindy
Published: March 2017

En este artículo se analizan los resultados de una encuesta de opinión sobre las percepciones en torno a la responsabilidad en el tema de la seguridad. Para ello, se expone una revisión de antecedentes en este tema. Posteriormente, se presenta el análisis de los resultados de la encuesta sobre seguridad, realizada por el Instituto de Estudios Sociales en Población (IDESPO) y la Escuela de Sociología de la Universidad Nacional (UNA). Las percepciones son analizadas en torno a los actores sociales considerados responsables de la seguridad en el país y se indagan las acciones efectuadas por las personas, para vivir en un lugar más seguro. Finalmente, se discuten las implicaciones del miedo en la construcción de la sociabilidad política en Costa Rica.
Activos, pasivos y apáticos: imaginarios de la población costarricense sobre la política y la democracia
Authors: Díaz González José
Published: March 2017

El artículo propone una clasificación de los imaginarios de la población costarricense respecto de la Política y la Democracia. Para ello se aplica una encuesta de opinión pública y se identifican percepciones y actitudes de la población al respecto. Posteriormente, por medio de un análisis cluster (k-medias) se desarrolla una tipología de sujetos, con el propósito de comprender los distintos comportamientos de la población en relación con el ámbito político.
Reformas curriculares 2006-2014: del ajuste pedagógico neoliberal a la reinstauración del modelo pedagógico socialdemócrata
Authors: Toruño Arguedas César
Published: March 2017

El presente artículo analiza las reformas curriculares implementadas en Costa Rica en el período comprendido entre los años 2006 y 2014, bajo la premisa de que estas responden a una reinstauración del Modelo Pedagógico Socialdemócrata vigente en el país entre 1957-1985. Para el desarrollo de dicho estudio se construye una definición desde un currículo crítico que enmarca el proceso de creación de una nueva interpretación de los períodos que integran la historia educativa posindependencia para examinar las características del Modelo Pedagógico Socialdemócrata y el Ajuste Pedagógico Neoliberal, para finalmente, indagar en las reformas implementadas en el período en estudio y debatir las implicaciones de la premisa desarrollada en el ensayo para los sectores progresistas del sistema educativo.
Teoría económica neoclásica y su ideología subyacente: orígenes, epistemología y método. Un enfoque crítico desde una perspectiva post-keynesiana
Authors: Vargas Solís Luis Paulino
Published: March 2017

Se propone una reflexión y discusión crítica sobre la teoría económica neoclásica como paradigma dominante hoy día en el campo de la economía. Se debate sobre sus orígenes y evolución histórica, sus presupuestos epistemológicos y metodológicos, sus elaboraciones teóricas y sus bases éticas. Se ofrece asimismo un contrapunto con respecto al marxismo, el cual también es criticado en algunos de sus propuestas fundamentales. La mirada crítica es formulada desde Keynes y desde los aportes del poskeynesianismo, y con base en los presupuestos epistémicos y teóricos fundamentalmente asociados a los conceptos de incertidumbre y complejidad en economía, pero incorporando asimismo consideraciones éticas que se resumen en la reivindicación radical del derecho a una vida digna, como derecho fundamental e inalienable de todas las personas. Es este un alegato contra el economicismo y contra el dogmatismo y el determinismo en economía, y a favor de una ciencia económica que reconozca sus límites, aterrice en la realidad y se comprometa con la vida de las personas concretas.
La coyuntura migratoria en el cantón de Tarrazú: representaciones sociales sobre la migración transnacional en el marco de las transformaciones actuales
Authors: Garro Mora Wilson
Published: March 2017

El artículo analiza la relación entre la coyuntura en el sistema migratorio entre Estados Unidos y el cantón de Tarrazú, y las representaciones sociales de los migrantes. Esto a la luz de las transformaciones ocasionadas por elementos como: el recrudecimiento de la política migratoria estadounidense, la crisis económica mundial y la construcción del Proyecto Hidroeléctrico Pirrís. La argumentación central está basada en el análisis de historias de vida de migrantes y las representaciones sociales presentes en sus producciones discursivas; en ese sentido, conceptos como capital simbólico y redes sociales migratorias son elementos centrales para la comprensión del cambio de ideas que han surgido en el contexto de transformaciones.
Better governance through more transparency on advance cross-border tax rulings
Authors: Brodzka Alicja
Published: March 2017

In recent years, the challenge posed by tax fraud and tax evasion has increased considerably and has become a major concern within the European Union. As a consequence, in the European initiatives a special emphasis has been laid on the actions aimed at reinforcing the anti-abuse provisions in bilateral tax treaties, national legislation and EU corporate legislation. Any artificial arrangement carried out for tax avoidance purposes would be ignored and companies would be taxed instead on the basis of actual economic substance. The aim of the article is presenting the European initiative aimed at implementing the automatic mode of the exchange of information on cross-border tax rulings and advance pricing arrangements. The paper investigates if the implemented measure can help Member States to detect certain abusive tax practices taken by companies, and to take the effective actions in response. It also tries to answer the question whether the initiative can result in more transparency and – as a consequence – in much better governance, both at the states’ and the corporations’ level.
Assessing special economic zones in China with the multi-sided platform model
Authors: Yong Wang , Yang Chongsheng
Published: March 2017

Although many special economic zones (hereinafter SEZs) currently identified themselves as a “platform (often as physical constrictions for zone enterprises),” the academic support is inadequate. This paper offers an introduction to the burgeoning literature on two-sided (or multi-sided) markets and illustrates a feasible analysis on how to adopt this model in designing a well-operated system focusing on the land rentals within a apecial economic zone (SEZ), and provides some theoretical support in this research area. In many industries, platforms match relevant parties, e.g. customers to retailers, advertisers to readers, and facilitate interactions between them. Based on this, the paper tries to design a structure for analysing SEZs, which is considered as an efficient method for economic growth. Key characteristics of these markets, regarding network externalities, fee charging strategies and the relation between platform users are discussed first. Afterwards, the possibility of introducing this model into SEZs land use fee charging policies is examined. Finally, the paper provides some key economic insights on SEZs development under the suggested platform model.
The investigation of morphological characteristics of willow species in different environmental conditions
Authors: Rodzkin Aleh , Orlovic Sasa , Krstic Borivoj , Pilipovic Andrej , Shkutnik Olga
Published: March 2017

Alternative or renewable energy is a modern strategy with a good per?spective
in the nearest future. There are several directions of renewable energy
development that depend on climatic, economic and technological opportunities
of a region. The perspective choice for areas with moderate climate is
bioenergy. One of the bioenergy directions is agro forestry based on short
rotation coppice plantations (SRC) of trees, like willow, poplar and others.
The goal of experiments was the assessment of the potential of different
willow species for the obtaining of energy in two climatic zones and on two
types of soils of Belarus. For this purpose several morphological
characteristics were metered: height of plants, biomass, diameter and number
of sprouts. The field experiments were conducted on two types of soils:
post-mining peaty soils in Grodno region and on degraded peaty soils in Brest
region of Belarus. The same soils are very problematic for growing of
traditional agricultural crops, thus willow production is a good alternative
for biomass production of energy as well as for the reclamation of these
soils. In our experiments the following species of willow were tested (Salix
alba, Salix viminalis, Salix dasyclados, Salix aurita) that may grow on peaty
soils at the natural conditions. The most popular species for modern
selection of SRC of willow is Salix viminalis. Nevertheless, the most
suitable morphological characteristics on post-mining peaty soils were
established for plants of Salix dasyclados and on degraded peaty soils for
the plants of Salix alba. The unfavorable parameters at the both type of
soils were identified for the plants of Salix aurita. However, it is
necessary to take into account that the used species are more popular for
natural wetlands and in our experiments plants have best results of survival
of cutting and rates of growth at the beginning of vegetation. In accordance
with these facts Salix aurita may not be used for energy plantation directly,
but it is interesting for hybridization with other species. Our results have
shown that perspective hybrids for peaty soils may be for instance Salix
aurita x Salix dasyclados and Salix aurita x Salix alba.
Brine shrimp lethality bioassay of selected gymnosperm and angiosperm species
Authors: Janackovic Pedja , Gavrilovic Milan , Rakic Boban , Tesevic Vele , Marin Petar
Published: March 2017

Methanol extracts of selected species of flowering plants Anthemis cotula, A.
ruthenica, Centaurea dubia (Asteraceae), Ajuga genevensis, A. chamaepitys, A.
reptans, Micromeria albanica, M. cristata, M. dalmatica, M. juliana, Thymus
tosevii (Lamiaceae) and conifers - Abies alba, Picea omorika, Pinus
heldreichii (Pinaceae) and Taxus baccata (Taxaceae), as well as diethyl ether
extracts of ten species Anthemis cotula, A. ruthenica, Centaurea dubia, Ajuga
genevensis, A. chamaepitys, A. reptans, Micromeria albanica, M. cristata, M.
dalmatica and M. juliana from two flowering plant families (Asteraceae and
Lamiaceae) were tested for general bioactivity using brine shrimp (Artemia
salina) lethality test. Lethal concentration (LC50) and 95% confidence
intervals were determined by computer program LdP line. Out of fifteen tested
methanol extracts, three possessed cytotoxic effect. Taxus baccata methanol
extract showed the highest effect (LC50 = 18.60 ?g/ml), while Thymus tosevii
methanol extract expressed the lowest (LC50 = 842.50 ?g/ml). All other
analyzed species did not express significant cytotoxicity. Also, diethyl
ether extracts of all tested species did not show significant cytotoxicity.
The obtained results for methanol extracts which show certain cytotoxic
effect could be guide for further phytochemical and pharmacological
investigations.
Rare and endangered plant species and associations in the Moravica river (Serbia)
Authors: Ljevnaic-Masic Branka , Dzigurski Dejana , Nikolic Ljiljana
Published: March 2017

The Moravica is a river in the southeast of Banat (Vojvodina Province,
Serbia). This relatively small river is characterised by great floristic
richness. A total of 87 taxa were found in the Moravica River. It is a
sanctuary for some plant species that are rare and endangered both in Serbia
and in Europe. Fifty-five species are on the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Species and forty-five species are on the European Red List of Vascular
Plants. Species Acorus calamus L., Alisma gramineum Gmel., Iris pseudacorus
L., Marsilea quadrifolia L., Potamogeton fluitans Roth. and Utricularia
vulgaris L. are protected or strictly protected by law in Serbia. Some of
these rare species form stands of aquatic and semiaquatic vegetation rare
both in Banat and in Serbia in general, such as: Lemnetum (minori) -
trisulcae Den Hartog 1963, Potametum nodosi So? (1928) 1960, Segal 1964,
Acoreto - Glycerietum aquaticae Slavnic 1956, Rorippo - Oenanthetum (So?
1927) Lohm. 1950, Pop 1968, and Bolboschoenetum maritimi continentale So?
(1927) 1957 subass. marsiletosum quadrifoliae Ljevnaic-Masic (2010). Because
of its great diversity of flora and vegetation, the Moravica River could be a
potential Important Plant Area (IPA) in the future. Unfortunately, strong
anthropogenic influence is a threat to this unique flora and vegetation, so
appropriate and timely measures for protecting the aquatic ecosystem need to
be implemented.
Ecological analysis of stands of ass. Asclepiadetum syriacae Lániková in Chytrý 2009 in Backa region
Authors: Popov Milena , Konstantinovic Bojan , Nikolic Ljiljana
Published: March 2017

Perennial adventitious species Asclepias syriaca L. which originates from
Northern America is spread across Serbia, and especially Vojvodina, along the
banks of waterways and borders of floodplain forests. Based on floristic and
phytocenological studies in Backa, the presence of ass. Asclepiadetum
syriacae L?nikov? in Chytr? 2009 stands, in which A. syriaca is present with
the highest degree of presence (V) and with substantial covering value
(2850), can be confirmed. The study shows ecological analysis of stands of
mentioned association for basic environmental factors (moisture - F, reaction
- R, nutrients - N, humus - H, aeration - D, light - L, temperature - T, and
continentality - K) based on floristic composition of stands and their
ecological indices, considering population and every species coverage in a
stand. Given that a combined scale for population and coverage of species in
stands, along numerical, has descriptive marks, modification of evaluated
values according to Westhoff & van der Maarel scale which is completely
numerical was conducted, which enabled data processing. The obtained results
of the ecological analysis point to favorable ecological conditions for
development of stands of this association, which can help predict the
possible directions of spread of this invasive species.
Metode-Metode Pengurangan Residu Pestisida pada Hasil Pertanian
Authors: Fitriadi Bayu Refindra , Putri Ayutia Ciptaningtyas
Published: March 2017

Penggunaan pestisida yang luas pada setiap tahap tanaman di Indonesia menyebabkan banyak residu pestisida yang tertinggal pada hasil pertanian maupun pada lingkungan pertanian. Residu pestisida yang terdapat pada hasil pertanian mempunyai dampak yang buruk bagi kesehatan manusia dan lingkungan. Berbagai macam metode telah dikembangkan untuk mengurangi residu pestisida yang terdapat pada hasil pertanian, baik pada tahap prapanen maupun pada tahap pasca panen. Metode prapanen meliputi penggunaan Agen Pengendali Hayati dan sistem pertanian Pengendalian Hama Terpadu, penggunaan pestisida non persisten, pengaturan waktu aplikasi pestisida, dan penggunaan arang aktif. Sedangkan metode pasca panen meliputi pencucian hasil pertanian, penggunaan ozon dan air terozonisasi, perendaman air panas, penggunaan radiasi ultrasonik dan pengaturan pH. Metode prapanen maupun pasca panen sama baiknya dalam menurunkan kadar residu pestisida pada hasil pertanian dengan memberikan hasil signifikan pengurangan residu pestisida antara 50 - 100%.
Pemanfaatan Karbon Aktif dari Ampas Teh sebagai Adsorben pada Proses Adsorpsi β-Karoten yang Terkandung dalam Minyak Kelapa Sawit Mentah
Authors: Misran Erni , Panjaitan Fery , Yanuar Fahmi Maulana
Published: March 2017

Penelitian tentang penggunaan karbon aktif dari ampas teh sebagai adsorben telah dilakukan untuk mengadsorpsi β-karoten yang terkandung dalam minyak kelapa sawit mentah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan model isoterm dan kinetika yang sesuai untuk proses adsorpsi β-karoten di dalam CPO. Kajian isoterm dilakukan pada suhu 60°C menggunakan rasio karbon aktif terhadap CPO = 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, dan 1:6. Kajian kinetika dilakukan pada suhu 60°C, rasio karbon aktif terhadap CPO = 1:3 dimana sampel diambil dengan interval waktu pengambilan 2 menit hingga 120 menit.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan karbon aktif dari ampas teh dalam menyerap β-karoten dari CPO ini sangat memuaskan yakni lebih besar dari 99%. Persentase adsorpsi β-karoten terbaik diperoleh pada rasio karbon aktif terhadap CPO = 1:3, yakni sebesar 99,61%. Model isoterm yang  sesuai dengan data penelitian ini adalah model isoterm Freundlich. Sedangkan model kinetika yang sesuai adalah orde dua semu dengan nilai koefisien korelasi (R2) sebesar 0,996. Berdasarkan model kinetika tersebut diketahui bahwa laju penyerapan pada kesetimbangan adalah sebesar 3,5087 mg/g dan konstanta laju adsorpsi sebesar 0,0578 (L/menit).
HUBUNGAN MOTIVASI BERPRESTASI SISWA DAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA DENGAN HASIL BELAJAR ILMU PENGETAHUAN SOSIAL (IPS) SISWA
Authors: Resti Stefani Nawati Eko
Published: March 2017

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara motivasi berprestasi siswa dan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa dengan hasil belajar IPS siswa di SDN Kota Bogor.Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dilaksanakan di SDN Polisi 4 Kota Bogor, dengan subyek penelitian siswa kelas V yang berjumlah 30 siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian metode kuantitatif untuk mengetahui sejauh mana hubungan atara motivasi berprestasi siswa dan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa dengan hasil belajar IPS siswa di kelas V. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya hubungan positif antara variabel motivasi berprestasi siswa sebagai variabel X1 dan variabel kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa sebagai X2 dengan variabel hasil belajar IPS siswa sebagai variabel Y. nilai R square sebesar 0.873, yang berarti peran atau kontribusi variabel motivasi berprestasi siswa dan variabel kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa mampu menjelaskan variabel hasil belajar IPS siswa sebesar 87.3%. Implikasi dalam penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa hasil belajar IPS siswa dapat mempengaruhi motivasi berprestasi siswa dan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa.

Kata kunci: motivasi berprestasi siswa, kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa, dan hasil belajar IPS
Profils de multiples comportements à risque pour la santé des étudiants universitaires et leurs liens avec la santé mentale :
utilisation de l’analyse des classes latentes
Authors: Kwan M. Y. , Arbour-Nicitopoulos K. P. , Duku E. , Faulkner G.
Published: March 2017

Introduction

Les campus universitaires et collégiaux sont sans doute les derniers milieux
au sein desquels il est possible d’aborder de façon globale la question de la santé d’une
grande proportion de la population de jeunes adultes. Il est important que les promoteurs
de la santé saisissent en quoi consistent les difficultés collectives auxquelles font face les
étudiants et qu’ils comprennent mieux les modèles plus larges de comportements liés au
mode de vie qui se manifestent au cours de cette période de la vie. L’objectif de notre
étude a été de déterminer des catégories de comportements à risque pour la santé modifiables
et d’étudier la relation entre ces catégories et divers paramètres relevant de la santé
mentale au sein d’un vaste échantillon d’étudiants universitaires canadiens.

Méthodologie

Des étudiants de premier cycle (n = 837, âge moyen = 21 ans) de
l’Université de Toronto ont répondu à l’enquête National College Health Assessment
(NCHA) (évaluation nationale de la santé dans les collèges) qui comprend environ
300 éléments, dont des évaluations de l’état de santé, de la santé mentale et des
comportements à risque pour la santé des étudiants. Nous avons réalisé une analyse des
classes latentes pour relever des profils en fonction de huit comportements à risque pour
la santé connus (consommation de marijuana, consommation d'autres drogues illégales,
rapports sexuels à risque, tabagisme, excès occasionnel d’alcool, mauvaise alimentation,
inactivité physique, manque de sommeil).

Résultats

Nous avons obtenu un modèle à trois catégories axé sur les profils de
comportement des étudiants : étudiants « typiques », « à risque élevé » et « relativement
en bonne santé ». Nos résultats ont par ailleurs montré que les étudiants à risque élevé
ont déclaré souffrir d’un niveau de stress considérablement plus élevé que celui des
étudiants typiques (χ2 [1671] = 7,26; p < 0,01).

Conclusion

Les étudiants les plus susceptibles d’adopter de multiples comportements
à risque pour la santé ont fait état d’une moins bonne santé mentale, particulièrement
en ce qui concerne le stress. Bien que l’on doive interpréter ces conclusions avec
prudence en raison du taux de réponse de 28 %, celles-ci suggèrent néanmoins que l’on
pourrait envisager des interventions ciblées auprès de groupes d’étudiants ayant des
profils similaires de multiples comportements à risque pour la santé.
Investigative journalism: Challenges, perils, rewards in seven Pacific Island countries
Authors: Singh Shailendra
Published: March 2017

This article appraises the general state of investigative journalism in seven Pacific Island countries—Cook Islands, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga and Vanuatu—and asserts that the trend is not encouraging. Journalism in general, and investigative journalism in particular, has struggled due to harsher legislation as in military-ruled Fiji; beatings and harassment of journalists as in Vanuatu; and false charges and lawsuits targeting journalists and the major newspaper company in the Cook Islands. Corruption, tied to all the major political upheavals in the region since independence, is also discussed. Threats to investigative journalism, like the ‘backfiring effect’ and ‘anti-whistleblower’ law are examined, along with some investigative journalism success case studies.
‘Drugs, guns and gangs’: Case studies on Pacific states and how they deploy NZ media regulators
Authors: Robie David
Published: March 2017

Media freedom and the capacity for investigative journalism have been steadily eroded in the South Pacific in the past five years in the wake of an entrenched coup and censorship in Fiji. The muzzling of the Fiji press, for decades one of the Pacific’s media trendsetters, has led to the emergence of a culture of self-censorship and a trend in some Pacific countries to harness New Zealand’s regulatory and self-regulatory media mechanisms to stifle unflattering reportage. The regulatory Broadcasting Standards Authority (BSA) and the self-regulatory NZ Press Council have made a total of four adjudications on complaints by both the Fiji military-backed regime and the Samoan government and in one case a NZ cabinet minister. The complaints have been twice against Fairfax New Zealand media—targeting a prominent regional print journalist with the first complaint in March 2008—and twice against television journalists, one of them against the highly rated current affairs programme Campbell Live. One complaint, over the reporting of Fiji, was made by NZ’s Rugby World Cup Minister. All but one of the complaints have been upheld by the regulatory/self-regulatory bodies. The one unsuccessful complaint is currently the subject of a High Court appeal by the Samoan Attorney-General’s Office and is over a television report that won the journalists concerned an investigative journalism award. This article examines case studies around this growing trend and explores the strategic impact on regional media and investigative journalism.
REVIEW: Arab eyes on disliked 'ugly Americans'
Authors: Samson Alan
Published: March 2017

Review of: The ‘Ugly American’ in the Arab Mind: Why do Arabs resent America? by Mohamed El-Bendary. Dulles: Potomac Books, 2011. 211 pp. ISBN 9781597976732It is not the place of this review to make judgement on the rights and wrongs of what is going on in the Middle East. But it seems axiomatic that Western journalistic coverage of the region’s conflicts can be little more than blinkered without a measured attempt to first make an effort to understand the depth and source of Arab feelings about the place of Israel and its perceived champion, the United States.
KEKERASAN DALAM PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Hendry Eka
Published: March 2017

Education and violence are two contradictory aspects ideally, because education leads a person to becoming better and wiser while violence tends to reduce the human value (dehumanization). However, in real life, violence is always practiced in the education context. Teachers (including parents) often violate their students' right with their utterance, behaviour and action. Sometimes, they are not aware of the violence they have done. This article explores the root of violence practices in education. Such as teacher's mindset of violence and education as well as regulation related to education. To overcome these problems, the writer recommends some strategies be practiced to reduce the violence in education.