bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D imaging of proximal caries in posterior teeth using optical coherence tomography
Authors: Shimada Yasushi , Burrow Michael F. , Araki Kazuyuki , Zhou Yuan , Hosaka Keiichi , Sadr Alireza , Yoshiyama Masahiro , Miyazaki Takashi , Sumi Yasunori , Tagami Junji
Published: September 2020

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can create cross-sectional images of tooth without X-ray exposure. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of 3D imaging of OCT for proximal caries in posterior teeth. Thirty-six human molar teeth with 51 proximal surfaces visibly 6 intact, 16 slightly demineralized, and 29 distinct carious changes were mounted to take digital radiographs and 3D OCT images. The sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the diagnosis of enamel caries and dentin caries were calculated to quantify the diagnostic ability of 3D OCT in comparison with digital radiography. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated by the agreement with histology using weighted Kappa. OCT showed significantly higher sensitivity, AUC and Kappa values than radiography. OCT can be a safer option for the diagnosis of proximal caries in posterior teeth that can be applied to the patients without X-ray exposure.
Oxidation modification of chitosan-based mesoporous carbon by soft template method and the adsorption and release properties of hydroxycamptothecin
Authors: Wang Xianshu , Lin Qian , Pan Hongyan , Jia Shuangzhu , Wu Hong , Shi Yongyong , Wang Zhuhua
Published: September 2020

Spray drying and a direct carbonization technology were coupled to prepare nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon nanoparticles (NMCs) using chitosan as a carbon source and nitrogen source precursor and a triblock amphiphilic copolymer (F127) as a soft template, then oxidative modification was performed by ammonium persulfate (APS) to prepare oxidized mesoporous carbon nanoparticles (O-NMCs). The pore structure, chemical composition and wettability of the mesoporous materials were studied before and after oxidative modification, the microscopic morphology, structure, composition and wetting performance of the mesoporous carbon were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), N2 adsorption–desorption instrument, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle tests and other analyses, meanwhile influences of the mesoporous carbon material on adsorption and release performance of a poorly-soluble antitumor drug hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) were investigated. It was demonstrated from results that the surface wettability of the oxidatively-modified mesoporous carbon material was improved, the contact angle of the mesoporous carbon materials was reduced from 133.4° to 58.2° and the saturated adsorption capacity of HCPT was 676.97 mg/g and 647.20 mg/g respectively. The dissolution rate of the raw material hydroxycamptothecin was improved due to the nanopore structure of the mesoporous carbon material, the dissolution rate of mesoporous carbon material-loaded hydroxycamptothecin was increased from 22.7% to respective 83.40% and 81.11%.
Assessing the need for pioglitazone in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of its risks and benefits from prospective trials
Authors: Sinha Binayak , Ghosal Samit
Published: September 2020

The safety and usefulness of pioglitazone (Pio) is repeatedly called into question due to the contradictory information available about it. A meta-analysis and risk benefit assessment was conducted to address the various points of debate regarding Pio. Electronic database search (Cochrane library, Embase & PubMed) resulted in 10 citations eligible for this meta-analysis (prospective, randomised studies), which was conducted using CMA software version 3 (Biostat Inc., Englewood, NJ, USA). The meta-analysis was registered with PROSPERO (ID: CRD42019122403) and compared pioglitazone with a control (anti-hyperglycemic agents without pioglitazone) in patients with either established cardiovascular disease or having high cardiovascular risk. Sensitivity and subgroup analysis were conducted to differentiate the effect of Pio against active controls and placebo. The use of Pio compared to the control group that did not use Pio resulted in a 14% and 23% significant reduction in odds of major adverse cardiac events (MACE: MH-OR, 0.86; 95% CI 0.75–0.98), and stroke (MH-OR, 0.77; 95% CI 0.60–0.99), respectively. This reduction in stroke was not significant in comparison to placebo on subgroup analysis. However, Pio significantly increased odds of heart failure (HF) (MH-OR, 1.47; 95% CI 1.26–1.71) as well as hospitalization for heart failure (hHF) (MH-OR, 1.48; 95% CI 1.21–1.81). In addition, the use of Pio was associated with a significant increase in odds of fractures in women (MH-OR, 2.05; 95% CI 1.28–3.27) and anaemia (MH-OR, 2.56; 95% CI 1.55–4.21). Pio has no significant effect on bladder cancer nor macular oedema. Pio has salutary effects on MACE. The positive effects are completely offset by the harm they seem to cause by way of heart failure, fractures, and anaemia. Pio should therefore be reserved for treatment of T2D with high CV risk or established cardiovascular (CV) disease only in selected patients where other antidiabetics are precluded and not routinely.
Whey protein isolate inhibits hepatic FGF21 production, which precedes weight gain, hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia in mice fed a high-fat diet
Authors: Nonogaki Katsunori , Kaji Takao
Published: September 2020

Insufficient expression of hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and stromal cell-derived factor 2 like 1 (Sdf2l1) reportedly leads to insulin resistance and hepatosteatosis in obesity and type 2 diabetes. On the other hand, increased expression of hepatic serotonin receptor 2a (htr2a) in diet-induced obesity contributes to hepatosteatosis. Here we show that increases in circulating FGF21 levels and expression of hepatic FGF21 preceded weight gain, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperglycemia in C57BLJ6 mice fed a high-fat diet. Expression of hepatic htr2a and Sdf2l1 increased in insulin-resistant mice fed a high-fat diet. Intake of whey protein isolate decreased plasma FGF21 levels and expression of hepatic FGF21 in mice fed either a high-fat diet or a chow diet, whereas it only suppressed the overexpression of hepatic Sdf2 and htr2a in insulin-resistant mice fed a high-fat diet. Moreover, intake of whey protein isolate decreased plasma serotonin levels in mice fed either a high-fat diet or a chow diet. Genetic inhibition of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 decreased hepatic FGF21 expression and plasma FGF21 levels in mice. These findings suggest that increased hepatic FGF21 production precedes diet-induced weight gain, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperglycemia, and that intake of whey protein isolate could inhibit hepatic FGF21 production by suppressing peripheral serotonin synthesis.
Lactobacillus spp. attenuate antibiotic-induced immune and microbiota dysregulation in honey bees
Authors: Daisley Brendan A. , Pitek Andrew P. , Chmiel John A. , Gibbons Shaeley , Chernyshova Anna M. , Al Kait F. , Faragalla Kyrillos M. , Burton Jeremy P. , Thompson Graham J. , Reid Gregor
Published: September 2020

Widespread antibiotic usage in apiculture contributes substantially to the global dissemination of antimicrobial resistance and has the potential to negatively influence bacterial symbionts of honey bees (Apis mellifera). Here, we show that routine antibiotic administration with oxytetracycline selectively increased tetB (efflux pump resistance gene) abundance in the gut microbiota of adult workers while concurrently depleting several key symbionts known to regulate immune function and nutrient metabolism such as Frischella perrera and Lactobacillus Firm-5 strains. These microbial changes were functionally characterized by decreased capped brood counts (marker of hive nutritional status and productivity) and reduced antimicrobial capacity of adult hemolymph (indicator of immune competence). Importantly, combination therapy with three immunostimulatory Lactobacillus strains could mitigate antibiotic-associated microbiota dysbiosis and immune deficits in adult workers, as well as maximize the intended benefit of oxytetracycline by suppressing larval pathogen loads to near-undetectable levels. We conclude that microbial-based therapeutics may offer a simple but effective solution to reduce honey bee disease burden, environmental xenobiotic exposure, and spread of antimicrobial resistance.
Centrifugal microfluidic lab-on-a-chip system with automated sample lysis, DNA amplification and microarray hybridization for identification of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli culture isolates
Authors: Geissler Matthias , Brassard Daniel , Clime Liviu , Pilar Ana Victoria C. , Malic Lidija , Daoud Jamal , Barrère Virginie , Luebbert Christian , Blais Burton W. , Corneau Nathalie , Veres Teodor
Published: September 2020

Automated workflow that starts with a colony isolate and ends with a fluorescence signal on a DNA microarray.
Stem-cell-derived ECM sheet–implant complexes for enhancing osseointegration
Authors: Feng Yuting , Jiang Zhiwei , Zhang Yanmin , Miao Xiaoyan , Yu Qiong , Xie Zhijian , Yang Guoli
Published: September 2020

A novel technology to fabricate ECM sheet–implant complexes reducing immunogenicity and facilitating storage and transportation.
Crystalline to amorphous transformation in solid-solution alloy nanoparticles induced by boron doping
Authors: Kobayashi Keigo , Kusada Kohei , Wu Dongshuang , Ogiwara Naoki , Kobayashi Hirokazu , Haruta Mitsutaka , Kurata Hiroki , Hiroi Satoshi , Seo Okkyun , Song Chulho , Chen Yanna , Kim Jaemyung , Tayal Akhil , Sakata Osami , Ohara Koji , Honma Tetsuo , Kitagawa Hiroshi
Published: September 2020

Synthesis of Pd–Ru–B solid-solution alloy is first reported. Alloying of B atoms into Pd–Ru alloy is accompanied by a characteristic crystalline–amorphous transformation to results in the disappearance of long-range atomic correlation.
Octanuclear nickel phosphonate core forming extended and molecular structures
Authors: Doroshenko Iaroslav , Böhme Michael , Buchholz Axel , Simonikova Lucie , Plass Winfried , Pinkas Jiri
Published: September 2020

Three new nickel(ii) phosphonate complexes {[Na2Ni8(L)6]·nSolv}m (L = SAA3− (1), BSAA3− (2), NAA3− (3); Solv = H2O, MeOH; m = ∞ (1, 2), 1 (3)) possessing a new octanuclear {Ni8} phosphonate core were obtained and studied in detail.
Construction of stereocomplex granular dams in luminescent biopolymer systems
Authors: Yin Zhenzhong , Wang Chuanfeng , Peng Zhou , Huang Xi , Li Wei , Shao Dingyun , Zhang Chaoliang , Lu Jun
Published: September 2020

Lessons from natural and artificial granular dams inspired the design of dam structures of stereocomplex granules in multicolor emissive biopolymer systems.
A C(π-hole)⋯Cl–Zn tetrel interaction driving a metal–organic supramolecular assembly
Authors: Ramírez de Arellano Carmen , Adam Rosa , Ballesteros-Garrido Rafael , Abarca Belen , Ballesteros Rafael , Alcorta Ibon , Elguero José , Escrivà Emilio
Published: September 2020

A brominated pyrimidinyl triazolopyridine ligand (bptpy) forms a C(π-hole)⋯Cl–Zn tetrel interaction that drives the formation of supramolecular layers through chain assembly in 18 membered metallacycle [(ZnCl2)2(μ-bptpy)2] crystals.
Halogen-bonded haloamine trimers – modelling the X3 synthon
Authors: Dominikowska Justyna
Published: September 2020

The X3 synthon displays weak cooperativity in comparison with halogen–halogen bonded tetramers.
Small molecule recognition of disease-relevant RNA structures
Authors: Meyer Samantha M. , Williams Christopher C. , Akahori Yoshihiro , Tanaka Toru , Aikawa Haruo , Tong Yuquan , Childs-Disney Jessica L. , Disney Matthew D.
Published: September 2020

Targeting RNAs with small molecules, a new frontier in drug discovery and development.
Synthetic strategies to incorporate Ru-terpyridyl water oxidation catalysts into MOFs: direct synthesis vs. post-synthetic approach
Authors: Liseev Timofey , Howe Andrew , Hoque Md Asmaul , Gimbert-Suriñach Carolina , Llobet Antoni , Ott Sascha
Published: September 2020

Incorporating molecular catalysts into metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is a promising strategy for improving their catalytic longevity and recyclability.
Binary zinc–cobalt metal–organic framework derived mesoporous ZnCo2O4@NC polyhedron as a high-performance lithium-ion battery anode
Authors: Sun Rui , Qin Zhaoxia , Li Zhiyong , Fan Haosen , Lu Shengjun
Published: September 2020

Ternary transition metal oxides have attracted increasing attention due to their many merits, and will enhance electrochemical performance via the synergistic effects of the different single metal oxides.
Comparative bindings of lactones, lactide, and cyclic carbonates: experimental insights into the coordination step of polymerization
Authors: Udomsasporn Kwanchanok , Haesuwannakij Setsiri , Piromjitpong Parichat , Chumsaeng Phongnarin , Phomphrai Khamphee
Published: September 2020

The X-ray structures and competitive bindings of several renowned monomers were reported using B(C6F5)3 as a Lewis acid model.
Physicochemical and computational insight of 19F NMR and emission properties of meso-(o-aryl)-BODIPYs
Authors: Farfán-Paredes Mónica , González-Antonio Oscar , Tahuilan-Anguiano Diana E. , Peón Jorge , Ariza Armando , Lacroix Pascal G. , Santillan Rosa , Farfán Norberto
Published: September 2020

Magnetic differentiation of the fluorine atoms was observed. The trends were explained in terms of their rotational energy barriers, group electronegativity and σ-Hammett.
In silico-driven identification of novel molluscicides effective against Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818)
Authors: Santos Daniela Braz dos , Moreira-Filho José Teófilo , Melo Amanda de Oliveira , Lemes Josiel Araújo , Damacena Silva Luciana , Rocha Thiago Lopes , Andrade Carolina Horta , Neves Bruno Junior , Bezerra José Clecildo Barreto
Published: September 2020

Schistosomiasis control in endemic areas depends on several factors, including mass drug delivery programs and interrupting the transmission of disease by controlling the intermediate host snails in the freshwater ecosystem using molluscicides.
Two hexanuclear lanthanide Ln6III clusters featuring remarkable magnetocaloric effect and slow magnetic relaxation behavior
Authors: Wang Wen-Min , Xue Cai-Long , Jing Ru-Yi , Ma Xin , Yang Lu-Na , Luo Shu-Chang , Wu Zhi-Lei
Published: September 2020

Two novel hexanuclear lanthanide clusters (1 and 2) were successfully prepared. Magnetic investigations reveal that 1 exhibits remarkable magnetocaloric effect and 2 displays interesting slow magnetic relaxation behaviors.
Insights into water permeability and Hg2+ removal using two-dimensional nanoporous boron nitride
Authors: Du Jianbin , Zhang Yaru , Han Lijun , Ma Xiangyun , Li Chenxi , Li Qifeng
Published: September 2020

Industrial wastewater containing Hg2+, when discharged into nature, will pose a serious threat to ecological security.
A versatile UCST-type composite microsphere for image-guided chemoembolization and photothermal therapy against liver cancer
Authors: Huang Dan , Dai Haitao , Tang Keyu , Chen Bin , Zhu Hongzhang , Chen Dubo , Li Nan , Wang Yingzhao , Liu Chuwei , Huang Yonghui , Yang Jianyong , Zhang Chao , Lin Run , He Weiling
Published: September 2020

A versatile UCST-type composite microsphere for image-guided chemoembolization and photothermal therapy to enhance therapeutic response of liver cancer.
Membrane poration, wrinkling, and compression: deformations of lipid vesicles induced by amphiphilic Janus nanoparticles
Authors: Wiemann Jared T. , Shen Zhiqiang , Ye Huilin , Li Ying , Yu Yan
Published: September 2020

Amphiphilic Janus nanoparticles perturb the structural integrity and induce shape instabilities of giant unilamellar lipid vesicles (GUVs).
NanoSQUIDs from YBa2Cu3O7/SrTiO3 superlattices with bicrystal grain boundary Josephson junctions
Authors: Lin Jianxin , Linek Julian , Kleiner Reinhold , Koelle Dieter
Published: September 2020

We report on the fabrication and characterization of nanopatterned dc SQUIDs with grain boundary Josephson junctions based on heteroepitaxially grown YBa2Cu3O7/SiTrO3 superlattices.
Fatty alcohol synthesis from fatty acids at mild temperature by subsequent enzymatic esterification and metal-catalyzed hydrogenation
Authors: Schlipköter Kim E. , Betke Tobias , Kleber Joscha , Gröger Harald , Liese Andreas
Published: September 2020

Solvent-free and full atomic economic fatty alcohol synthesis in a two-step bio- and chemocatalytic reaction sequence.
Green synthesis of Zr-based metal–organic framework hydrogel composites and their enhanced adsorptive properties
Authors: Klein Shirell E. , Sosa Joshua D. , Castonguay Alexander C. , Flores Willmer I. , Zarzar Lauren D. , Liu Yangyang
Published: September 2020

A Zr-MOF-hydrogel hybrid synthesized using a green chemistry approach exhibited enhanced adsorption for methylene blue compared with the constituent materials.
Constructing a CeO2−x@CoFe-layered double hydroxide heterostructure as an improved electrocatalyst for highly efficient water oxidation
Authors: Hu Yiming , Liu Wenjun , Jiang Kun , Xu Li , Guan Meili , Bao Jian , Ji Hongbing , Li Huaming
Published: September 2020

CeO2−x@CoFe LDH/NF acts as a high-efficiency OER electrocatalyst and used in 1.0 M KOH and in simulated alkaline seawater (1.0 M KOH + 0.5 M NaCl).
Supported metal and metal oxide particles with proximity effect for catalysis
Authors: Biswas Subhadeep , Pal Anjali , Pal Tarasankar
Published: September 2020

Catalysts are empowered with proper support materials (SM). The proximity effect, in other word ‘synergism’ between the two, is still necessary to be explored at the molecular level to revamp this never ending field of catalysis.
A direct-write method for preparing a bimetal sulfide/graphene composite as a free-standing electrode for high-performance microsupercapacitors
Authors: Liu Hao , Liu Xiao-Juan , Dong Feng-Ying , Sun Xin-Zhi
Published: September 2020

This work demonstrates a method to integrate Ni–Co–S pseudocapacitive materials into the porous graphene producing from direct-laser-writing technique.
Effect of curvature and placement of donor and acceptor units in cycloparaphenylenes: a computational study
Authors: Lovell Terri C. , Fosnacht Kaylin G. , Colwell Curtis E. , Jasti Ramesh
Published: September 2020

Computational studies reveal near-IR emitting nanohoops and the effect of strain on donor and acceptor units used in conjugated polymers.
Enhanced electrocatalytic and supercapacitive performance using the synergistic effect of defect-rich N/S co-doped hierarchical porous carbon
Authors: Ansari Mohammad Shaad , Jebakumar Immanuel Edison Thomas Nesakumar , Lee Yong Rok
Published: September 2020

A N/S co-doped hierarchical porous carbon-based electrode shows superior cycling stability and reversibility without a significant reduction in specific capacity.
Suppressing Zn dendrite growth by molecular layer deposition to enable long-life and deeply rechargeable aqueous Zn anodes
Authors: He Huibing , Liu Jian
Published: September 2020

A novel organic–inorganic hybrid coating (alucone) by molecular layer deposition was developed to construct stable, dendrite-free, and deeply rechargeable Zn anodes for aqueous zinc-ion batteries.
An insight into cell-laden 3D-printed constructs for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Swetha S. , Lavanya K. , Sruthi R. , Selvamurugan N.
Published: September 2020

In this review, we have spotlighted various combinations of bioinks to optimize the biofabrication of 3D bone constructs.
Pathogenic LRRK2 requires secondary factors to induce cellular toxicity
Authors: Lobbestael Evy , Van den Haute Chris , Macchi Francesca , Taymans Jean-Marc , Baekelandt Veerle
Published: September 2020

Pathogenic mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene belong to the most common genetic causes of inherited Parkinson’s disease (PD) and variations in its locus increase the risk to develop sporadic PD. Extensive research efforts aimed at understanding how changes in the LRRK2 function result in molecular alterations that ultimately lead to PD. Cellular LRRK2-based models revealed several potential pathophysiological mechanisms including apoptotic cell death, LRRK2 protein accumulation and deficits in neurite outgrowth. However, highly variable outcomes between different cellular models have been reported. Here, we have investigated the effect of different experimental conditions, such as the use of different tags and gene transfer methods, in various cellular LRRK2 models. Readouts included cell death, sensitivity to oxidative stress, LRRK2 relocalization, α-synuclein aggregation and neurite outgrowth in cell culture, as well as neurite maintenance in vivo. We show that overexpression levels and/or the tag fused to LRRK2 affect the relocalization of LRRK2 to filamentous and skein-like structures. We found that overexpression of LRRK2 per se is not sufficient to induce cellular toxicity or to affect α-synuclein-induced toxicity and aggregate formation. Finally, neurite outgrowth/retraction experiments in cell lines and in vivo revealed that secondary, yet unknown, factors are required for the pathogenic LRRK2 effects on neurite length. Our findings stress the importance of technical and biological factors in LRRK2-induced cellular phenotypes and hence imply that conclusions based on these types of LRRK2-based assays should be interpreted with caution.
The dual nature of obesity in metabolic programming: quantity versus quality of adipose tissue
Authors: Viveiros Anissa , Oudit Gavin Y.
Published: September 2020

The global prevalence of obesity has been rising at an alarming rate, accompanied by an increase in both childhood and maternal obesity. The concept of metabolic programming is highly topical, and in this context, describes a predisposition of offspring of obese mothers to the development of obesity independent of environmental factors. Research published in this issue of Clinical Science conducted by Litzenburger and colleagues (Clin. Sci. (Lond.) (2020) 134, 921–939) have identified sex-dependent differences in metabolic programming and identify putative signaling pathways involved in the differential phenotype of adipose tissue between males and females. Delineating the distinction between metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity is a topic of emerging interest, and the precise nature of adipocytes are key to pathogenesis, independent of adipose tissue volume.
Experiences of Hearing Loss and Audiological Rehabilitation for Older Adults With Comorbid Psychological Symptoms: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Laird Emma C. , Bennett Rebecca J. , Barr Caitlin M. , Bryant Christina A.
Published: September 2020

Purpose

There is a well-established relationship between hearing loss and psychological symptoms. To ensure audiological rehabilitation is provided appropriately for older adults with comorbid psychological symptoms, a greater understanding of their preferences and experiences is needed. This study sought to understand experiences of hearing loss and audiological rehabilitation from the perspective of older adults with comorbid psychological symptoms (e.g., depression, anxiety, psychosis).

Design

A qualitative study using in-depth semistructured interviews was conducted with older adults who had attended audiological rehabilitation within the last year and scored above established cutoffs on measures of depression, anxiety, and psychosis. A thematic analysis generated themes that related to participants' experiences of hearing loss and audiological rehabilitation.

Results

Participants included 14 older adults (eight men and six women) with an average age of 70.5 years (
SD
= 4.45, range: 64–80) who received hearing aids or a cochlear implant. Three major themes emerged from the analysis of participant interviews.
“
The cumulative impact of hearing loss and psychological symptoms” theme describes the two-way, additive relationship between hearing ability and psychological symptoms. “The experience of loss throughout hearing loss and audiological rehabilitation” captures subjective losses, the impact they have, and how participants cope with them. In contrast, “The experience of gain throughout hearing loss and audiological rehabilitation” describes the participants' reported gains, their related impacts, and coping strategies.

Conclusions

The experiences of participants revealed that the presence of comorbid psychological symptoms can influence the experience of hearing loss and audiological rehabilitation. These findings have implications for how audiological rehabilitation is provided to ensure optimal outcomes for adults with hearing loss and comorbid psychological symptoms.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12985955
Effective Velopharyngeal Ratio: A More Clinically Relevant Measure of Velopharyngeal Function
Authors: Haenssler Abigail E. , Fang Xiangming , Perry Jamie L.
Published: September 2020

Purpose

Velopharyngeal (VP) ratios are commonly used to study normal VP anatomy and normal VP function. An effective VP (EVP) ratio may be a more appropriate indicator of normal parameters for speech. The aims of this study are to examine if the VP ratio is preserved across the age span or if it varies with changes in the VP portal and to analyze if the EVP ratio is more stable across the age span.

Method

Magnetic resonance imaging was used to analyze VP variables of 270 participants. For statistical analysis, the participants were divided into the following groups based on age: infants, children, adolescents, and adults. Analyses of variance and a Games–Howell post hoc test were used to compare variables between groups.

Results

There was a statistically significant difference (
p
< .05) in all measurements between the age groups. Pairwise comparisons reported statistically significant adjacent group differences (
p
< .05) for velar length, VP ratio, effective velar length, adenoid depth, and pharyngeal depth. No statistically significant differences between adjacent age groups were reported for the EVP ratio.

Conclusions

Results from this study report the EVP ratio was not statistically significant between adjacent age groups, whereas the VP ratio was statistically significant between adjacent age groups. This study suggests that the EVP ratio is more correlated to VP function than the VP ratio and provides a more stable and consistent ratio of VP function across the age span.
Short‐pulse HPM measurements using a resistive sensor
Authors: Ragulis Paulius , Andreev Dmitrii , De Alleluia Antonio Breno , Simniskis Rimantas , Kamarauskas Mindaugas , Dagys Mindaugas , Schamiloglu Edl , Kancleris Zilvinas
Published: September 2020

Resistive sensors for WRD250 and WRD750 double ridged waveguides are developed. Using the developed sensors, short high power microwave (HPM) pulses covering frequency ranges 2.6–7.8 and 7.5–18 GHz can be measured directly. The novelty of the proposed sensors is not only the measurement of a few ns duration HPM pulses but also the expansion of frequency bandwidth to WRD750 waveguide frequencies. The flat frequency response of the sensors is sacrificed to measure short HPM pulses, but a wide operating frequency band is still maintained. The response time of developed sensors was estimated using the time‐domain reflectometry method, and by comparing the shapes of short HPM pulses registered by the sensor and microwave probe connected to the wide bandwidth oscilloscope. The measurement results show that the sensors demonstrate quite good general characteristics with a short response time of 1.05 and 0.7 ns for WRD250 and WRD750 sensors, respectively. The times of response are promising when using these sensors for measuring short monochromatic HPM pulses, the duration of which is around 5 ns.
Measuring the atomic composition of planetary building blocks
Authors: McClure M. K. , Dominik C. , Kama M.
Published: September 2020

Context. Volatile molecules are critical to terrestrial planetary habitability, yet they are difficult to observe directly where planets form at the midplanes of protoplanetary disks. It is unclear whether the inner ∼1 AU of disks are volatile-poor or if this region is resupplied with ice-rich dust from colder disk regions. Dust traps at radial pressure maxima bounding disk gaps can cut off the inner disk from these types of volatile reservoirs. However, the trap retention efficiency and atomic composition of trapped dust have not been measured.

Aims. We present a new technique to measure the absolute atomic abundances in the gas accreting onto T Tauri stars and infer the bulk atomic composition and distribution of midplane solids that have been retained in the disk around the young star TW Hya.

Methods. We identify near-infrared atomic line emission from gas-phase material inside the dust sublimation rim of TW Hya. Gaussian decomposition of the strongest H Paschen lines isolates the inner disk hydrogen emission. We measure several key elemental abundances, relative to hydrogen, using a chemical photoionization model and infer dust retention in the disk. With a 1D transport model, we determine approximate radial locations and retention efficiencies of dust traps for different elements.

Results. Volatile and refractory elements are depleted from TW Hya’s hot gas by factors of ∼102 and up to 105, respectively. The abundances of the trapped solids are consistent with a combination of primitive Solar System bodies. Dust traps beyond the CO and N2 snowline cumulatively sequester 96% of the total dust flux, while the trap at 2 AU, near the H2O snowline, retains 3%. The high depletions of Si, Mg, and Ca are explained by a third trap at 0.3 AU with >95% dust retention.

Conclusion. TW Hya sports a significant volatile reservoir rich in C- and N-ices in its outer submillimeter ring structure. However, unless the inner disk was enhanced in C by earlier radial transport, typical C destruction mechanisms and the lack of a C resupply should leave the terrestrial planet-forming region of TW Hya “dry” and carbon-poor. Any planets that form within the silicate dust trap at 0.3 AU could resemble Earth in terms of the degree of their volatile depletion.
High-resolution, 3D radiative transfer modelling
Authors: Nersesian Angelos , Viaene Sébastien , De Looze Ilse , Baes Maarten , Xilouris Emmanuel M. , Smith Matthew W. L. , Bianchi Simone , Casasola Viviana , Cassarà Letizia P. , Clark Christopher J. R. , Dobbels Wouter , Fritz Jacopo , Galliano Frédéric , Madden Suzanne C. , Mosenkov Aleksandr V. , Trčka Ana
Published: September 2020

Context. Investigating the dust heating mechanisms in galaxies provides a deeper understanding of how the internal energy balance drives their evolution. Over the last decade radiative transfer simulations based on the Monte Carlo method have emphasised the role of the various stellar populations heating the diffuse dust. Beyond the expected heating through ongoing star formation, older stellar populations (≥8 Gyr) and even active galactic nuclei can both contribute energy to the infrared emission of diffuse dust.

Aims. In this particular study we examine how the radiation of an external heating source, such as the less massive galaxy NGC 5195 in the M 51 interacting system, could affect the heating of the diffuse dust of its parent galaxy NGC 5194, and vice versa. Our goal is to quantify the exchange of energy between the two galaxies by mapping the 3D distribution of their radiation field.

Methods. We used SKIRT, a state-of-the-art 3D Monte Carlo radiative transfer code, to construct the 3D model of the radiation field of M 51, following the methodology defined in the DustPedia framework. In the interest of modelling, the assumed centre-to-centre distance separation between the two galaxies is ∼10 kpc.

Results. Our model is able to reproduce the global spectral energy distribution of the system, and it matches the resolved optical and infrared images fairly well. In total, 40.7% of the intrinsic stellar radiation of the combined system is absorbed by dust. Furthermore, we quantify the contribution of the various dust heating sources in the system, and find that the young stellar population of NGC 5194 is the predominant dust-heating agent, with a global heating fraction of 71.2%. Another 23% is provided by the older stellar population of the same galaxy, while the remaining 5.8% has its origin in NGC 5195. Locally, we find that the regions of NGC 5194 closer to NGC 5195 are significantly affected by the radiation field of the latter, with the absorbed energy fraction rising up to 38%. The contribution of NGC 5195 remains under the percentage level in the outskirts of the disc of NGC 5194. This is the first time that the heating of the diffuse dust by a companion galaxy is quantified in a nearby interacting system.
VALES
Authors: Molina Juan , Ibar Edo , Godoy Nicolás , Escala Andrés , Michiyama Tomonari , Cheng Cheng , Hughes Thomas M. , Baes Maarten , Xue Yongquan , Michałowski Michał J. , van der Werf Paul , Jiang Xue-Jian
Published: September 2020

Context. Spatially resolved observations of the ionized and molecular gas are critical for understanding the physical processes that govern the interstellar medium (ISM) in galaxies. The observation of starburst systems is also important as they present extreme gas conditions that may help to test different ISM models. However, matched resolution imaging at ∼kpc scales for both ISM gas phases are usually scarce, and the ISM properties of starbursts still remain poorly understood.

Aims. We aim to study the morpho-kinematic properties of the ionized and molecular gas in three dusty starburst galaxies at z = 0.12−0.17 to explore the relation between molecular ISM gas phase dynamics and the star-formation activity.

Methods. We employ two-dimensional dynamical modelling to analyse Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimiter Array CO(1–0) and seeing-limited Spectrograph for INtegral Field Observations in the Near Infrared Paschen-α (Paα) observations, tracing the molecular and ionized gas morpho-kinematics at ∼kpc-scales. We use a dynamical mass model, which accounts for beam-smearing effects, to constrain the CO-to-H2 conversion factor and estimate the molecular gas mass content.

Results. One starburst galaxy shows irregular morphology, which may indicate a major merger, while the other two systems show disc-like morpho-kinematics. The two disc-like starbursts show molecular gas velocity dispersion values comparable with those seen in local luminous and ultra luminous infrared galaxies but in an ISM with molecular gas fraction and surface density values in the range of the estimates reported for local star-forming galaxies. We find that these molecular gas velocity dispersion values can be explained by assuming vertical pressure equilibrium. We also find that the star-formation activity, traced by the Paα emission line, is well correlated with the molecular gas content, suggesting an enhanced star-formation efficiency and depletion times of the order of ∼0.1−1 Gyr. We find that the star-formation rate surface density (ΣSFR) correlates with the ISM pressure set by self-gravity (Pgrav) following a power law with an exponent close to 0.8.

Conclusions. In dusty disc-like starburst galaxies, our data support the scenario in which the molecular gas velocity dispersion values are driven by the ISM pressure set by self-gravity and are responsible for maintaining the vertical pressure balance. The correlation between ΣSFR and Pgrav suggests that, in these dusty starbursts galaxies, the star-formation activity arises as a consequence of the ISM pressure balance.
Correlation between hardness and abrasive wear of grinding balls
Authors: Aissat Sahraoui , Zaid Mohamed , Sadeddine Abdelhamid
Published: September 2020

The grinding ball is manufactured by the Algerian Foundries (ALFET – Tiaret). It is used by the cement industry to transform the rock into fine, used in the cement manufacture. This product undergoes very frequent wear. This wear occurs in various forms (abrasion wear and impact wear) and each has a varying impact on this product life. Abrasion wear is the result of friction between many surfaces (rock, crusher shielding and balls between them), between which a sliding contact occurs, and causes a metal wrenching and a mechanical disintegration of these surfaces. The impact wear is the result of the shock between these surfaces (rock, crusher shielding and balls) and the ball that hits these surfaces from multiple angles, causes their disintegration. Generally, wear resistance improves when hardness increases and a very hard material is more resistant to wear because it less risk to seize in presence of particles abrasive and it opposes their penetration in its surface layer. Wear is estimated, in this work, by the mass loss of the heat-treated balls. A correlation between the hardness and abrasive wear of the balls is established in this work.
Transcriptomic data of leaves from eight sunflower lines and their sixteen hybrids under water deficit
Authors: Gody Louise , Duruflé Harold , Blanchet Nicolas , Carré Clément , Legrand Ludovic , Mayjonade Baptiste , Muños Stéphane , Pomiès Lise , de Givry Simon , Langlade Nicolas B. , Mangin Brigitte
Published: September 2020

This article describes how the transcriptomic data were produced on sunflower plants subjected to water deficit. Twenty-four sunflower (Helianthus annuus) genotypes were selected to represent genetic diversity within cultivated sunflower and included both inbred lines and their hybrids. Drought stress was applied to plants in pots at the vegetative stage using the high-throughput phenotyping platform Heliaphen. Here, we provide transcriptomic data from sunflower leaves. These data differentiate both plant water status and the different genotypes. They constitute a valuable resource to the community to study adaptation of crops to drought and the transcriptomic basis of heterosis.
Academisation of the Midwifery Profession and the Implementation of Higher Education in the Context of the New Requirements for Licensure
Authors: Graf Joachim , Simoes Elisabeth , Blaschke Sina , Plappert Claudia F. , Hill Janice , Riefert Marie-Jeannine , Abele Harald
Published: September 2020

The academization of the midwifery profession poses great challenges for Germany, especially due to the tight timelines: Corresponding courses of study can in principle be offered at both universities and technical colleges – although contrary to the recommendations of the Science Council. This means that there is a heterogeneity in midwifery qualifications and promotes a discussion regarding coherent study concepts. This process must be accompanied with great care so that midwifery courses of study are not designed to be of poorer quality than other courses of study due to a lack of financial resources. First concepts are already available and will be discussed and examined below.
Kopf-Hals-Tumoren
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: September 2020

Auf dem Multidisciplinary Head and Neck Cancer Symposium (MHNCS) in Scottsdale/USA wurden Ende Februar mehrere Studien vorgestellt, welche auf einen therapeutischen Nutzen der Kombination Radiatio plus Immuntherapie bei lokal fortgeschrittenen Kopf-Hals-Tumoren hinweisen. Für den m-Tor-Inhibitor Everolimus gibt es positive Signale bei Patienten mit TP53-mutatierten Kopf-Hals-Tumoren und positiver Raucher-Anamnese.
Existe associação entre o diagrama da parestesia da mão e a eletroneuromiografia no diagnóstico da Síndrome do Túnel do Carpo?
Authors: Paiva Filho Henver Ribeiro , Costa Antonio Carlos , Paiva Valdênia Graças Nascimento , Santos Diego Abad , Chakkour Ivan
Published: September 2020

Objetivo Verificar se existe associação entre o diagrama da parestesia da mão (DPM) e os resultados da eletroneuromiografia (ENMG) no diagnóstico da síndrome do túnel do carpo.

Métodos Um total de 92 pessoas preencheram um desenho esquemático da mão com o local exato da parestesia (167 mãos). O autor principal classificou os diagramas de acordo com os critérios de Katz et al. Os resultados do DPM foram cruzados com os resultados positivos da ENMG para o diagnóstico da síndrome do túnel do carpo.

Resultados O padrão possível do DPM foi prevalente tanto isoladamente quanto após o cruzamento com os graus da ENMG.

Conclusão Não houve associação entre o DPM e a ENMG no diagnóstico da síndrome do túnel do carpo.
Instabilidade multidirecional em uma luxação negligenciada do cotovelo gerenciada com reconstrução do ligamento circunferencial. Um relato de caso
Authors: Krishna Sathya Vamsi , Ballal Madan , BR Vivekanandea , HS Chandrahsekar
Published: September 2020

A luxação negligenciada do cotovelo é uma condição incomum e seu tratamento permanece desafiador. Apresentamos o caso de uma mulher de meia-idade que apresentou luxação negligenciada do cotovelo e instabilidade multidirecional, na qual foi realizada redução aberta da articulação do cotovelo e reconstrução ligamentar circunferencial com enxerto de tendão gracilis. O resultado funcional avaliado com o índice de desempenho do cotovelo de Mayo foi excelente. Essa técnica circunferencial é, sem dúvida, uma técnica viável e as indicações podem ser estendidas para gerenciar até mesmo um deslocamento negligenciado. Este procedimento reduz a necessidade ou diminui a duração da exigência de fixação externa e, assim, incentiva a mobilização precoce.
Tumor lipomatoso intra-articular do joelho: Dois casos similares, mas diferentes
Authors: Karmali Samir , Sá da Costa Daniel , Carvalho Silva Rita , Lacerda João
Published: September 2020

Embora os tumores lipomatosos sejam comuns, a ocorrência intra-articular é extremamente rara e escassamente descrita na literatura. Em relação a essas entidades raras, a maioria é benigna, tumores de crescimento progressivo e geralmente ocorrem no joelho, mas é crucial distinguir o menos frequente lipoma arborescens (LA) do lipoma sinovial mais raro, pois diferem na apresentação e na patogênese. A ressonância magnética é o exame de escolha na avaliação e no diagnóstico diferencial desses casos, desempenhando um papel central nos dias de hoje.

A excisão e sinovectomia, quer artroscópica quer por artrotomia, proporcionam bons resultados com baixas taxas de recorrência. Ao relatar dois casos distintos tratados cirurgicamente de tumores lipomatosos intra-articulares do joelho, os autores pretendem revisar a literatura e discutir sua etiologia, aspectos clínicos e de imagem, bem como a abordagem do tratamento.
Osteossíntese minimamente invasiva de fraturas transtrocantéricas com Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS)
Authors: Guimarães José André Melo Barreto , Machado Marcos Cezar Feitosa de Paula , Galvão Pauliana Valéria Machado , de Lima Jéssika Cristina , Gomes Lucas dos Santos , Guimarães Pedro Ferreira Barreto
Published: September 2020

O método aqui apresentado consiste em técnica cirúrgica minimamente invasiva para osteossíntese de fraturas transtrocantéricas com Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS) 135°. Esta técnica é indicada no tratamento de fraturas 31-A1 e 31-A2 (Classificação Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen - AO) que cumpram os pré-requisitos exigidos para o uso do DHS. A cirurgia é realizada, preferencialmente, antes de 48 horas após o acometimento da fratura. Com a utilização do mesmo instrumental da técnica cirúrgica tradicional e auxílio do arco-C, realiza-se redução incruenta da fratura e implantação do DHS por incisão cirúrgica com 2 cm, através de dissecção dos tecidos subjacentes, com mínimo sangramento e agressão às partes moles. No pós-operatório imediato, o paciente é estimulado ao ortostatismo e à deambulação com carga total, o que antecipa a alta hospitalar e favorece a reabilitação funcional precoce. O retorno ambulatorial é agendado com 2, 6, 12 e 24 semanas de pós-operatório, com avaliação radiográfica, a fim de avaliar a consolidação da fratura.
Direct Lateral Minimally Invasive Approach for Excision of a L1/L2 Neurofibroma—A Technical Note and Literature Review
Authors: Mukherjee Soumya , Robins James M. W. , Pal Debasish
Published: September 2020

A case of resection of a large dumbbell-shaped nerve sheath tumor at L1/L2 via a direct lateral minimally invasive approach is described. The tumor was removed via a lateral, subdiaphragmatic, rib-sparing, retropleural, retroperitoneal approach. The thoracolumbar junction can be challenging via the lateral approach and to the best of our knowledge this is the first report of excision of a paravertebral tumor via this approach. We believe this provided the benefits of direct operative trajectory and exposure, excellent tumor access, and avoided the need for facetectomy and extended spinal instrumentation across the thoracolumbar junction. Complete tumor excision was achieved with preserved motor function and improvement in radicular pain and sensory neurological deficit.
Misalignment between coronavirus financial aid and public health policies: negative incentives for outpatient clinics in the United States
Authors: Kim Edward , Ko Kristin
Published: September 2020

The United States Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) led to creation of the Paycheck Protection Program, as well as an expansion of reimbursements for telemedicine. CARES Act drafters over emphasized maintaining employment and overlooked negative downstream effects the policies had on outpatient clinics. The misalignment between this financial aid package and public health policy is most apparent in the pressure administrators face to maintain clinic operations, without a transition plan to adopt telemedicine and associated best practices. If this continues, the result will be suboptimal clinical practices and an increased risk of COVID-19 infection to both staff and patients. Particularly in times of crisis, financial aid packages should not be evaluated in isolation; policymakers should consider their implications for public health while designing, enacting, and implementing such measures.
Structural, ferromagnetic, electrical, and dielectric relaxor properties of BaTiO3 and CoFe2O4 bulk, nanoparticles, and nanocomposites materials for electronic devices
Authors: Raza Syed Adnan , Awan Saif Ullah , Hussain Shahzad , Shah Saqlain A. , Iqbal Asad M. , Khurshid Hasanain S.
Published: September 2020

Barium titanate (BaTiO3, BTO) and cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4, CFO) nanoparticles, bulk, and nanocomposites samples were synthesized at optimized parameters using the chemical route. Structural studies revealed that all the samples showed a single-phase structure. The value of activation energy in the case of nanocomposites was 975 meV, while it was 1.58 eV and 1.0 eV for BTO and CFO-nanoparticles, respectively. We observed that the saturation magnetization and remanence of the CFO-nano sample were three times greater than the 0.3CFO–0.7BTO nanocomposite. At 10 kHz, the dielectric constants are measured 4500 (BTO-bulk), 1550 (BTO-nano), 820 (CFO-bulk), 275 (CFO-nano), and 375 (BTO–CFO nanocomposites) for a various sample of series. We found at 10 kHz, the transition from ferroelectric to paraelectric in the case of BTO-nano (Tc = 363 °C) and CFO-nano (Tc = 212 °C), while nanocomposite BTO–CFO initial change phases from ferroelectric to anti-ferroelectric (relaxor behavior) at Td = 312 °C and then from anti-ferroelectric to paraelectric (Tm > 400 °C). Similarly, in the case of CFO-bulk, we noticed Tm = 204 °C (ferroelectric to anti-ferroelectric) and Tm = 314 °C (anti-ferroelectric to paraelectric). Overall, we concluded from these studies and data that nanocomposite 0.7BaTiO3–0.3CoFe2O4 and CFO-bulk sample showed relaxor behavior as well along with the transformation change from ferroelectric to paraelectric. While BTO-nano and CFO-nano and BTO-bulk showed their transformation direct from ferroelectric to paraelectric. These simultaneous ferromagnetic and ferroelectric (dielectric) measurements confirmed the presence of multiferroic properties in our nanocomposite as well as CFO-nano and CFO-bulk systems. These proposed materials may be useful for ferroelectric and data storage devices.