bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Statistical Methods to Accurately Assess the Effect of Gamma Aluminum Oxide Nanopowder on the Hardness of Composite Materials with Polyester–Glass Recyclate
Authors: Abramczyk Norbert , Drewing Sebastian , Panasiuk Katarzyna , Żuk Daria
Published: August 2022

Polymer composites are materials that are used in many industries. Their wide application has a direct impact on the amount of post-production and post-consumer waste. The global problem with recycling, especially of fiber-reinforced polymeric materials, has prompted research into methods of their use. Previous research on composite materials with polyester–glass recyclate showed a decrease in mechanical properties. The construction material should have the highest mechanical properties. Based on the literature, it was found that the use of nanoadditives may have a positive effect on the parameters of the materials. The use of gamma aluminum nanopowder, in a small amount can significantly increase the mechanical properties of composites with polyester–glass recyclate, and thus can affect the application of these materials to structural elements. The article is devoted to the research on the hardness of composite materials with polyester–glass recyclate and gamma aluminum nanopowder. The main goal is to investigate the possibility of using a nanoadditive as a material, increasing the mechanical properties of composites with polyester–glass recyclate, so as to create a recycled material with the highest possible strength parameters. Hardness tests were performed using the Barcol method. For each composite material, 30 measurements were made in order to subject the results to a statistical analysis. Using parametric statistical tests it was shown that the obtained hardness values at the assumed level of statistical significance pv = 0.05 for comparisons for the samples of the reference material (B0) do not differ by chance, while for the comparisons in the configurations of the reference material (B0) with the modified materials, (R10, A2, R10A2) they do not differ by accident. Studies have shown that the addition of 2% gamma aluminum nanopowder slightly lowers the hardness of a pure polyester–glass composite, but the same additive allows the hardness of composite materials to be increased with the addition of glass recyclate. This is of particular importance for the development of the optimal composition of polyester–glass composites with the addition of recyclate, which will have good strength properties and at the same time enable the reuse of composite waste.
Hervé- and Krebs-Type Magnetic Polyoxometalate Dimers
Authors: Kondinski Aleksandar , Banerjee Abhishek , Mal Sib Sankar
Published: August 2022

Lacunary polyoxometalates (POMs) are negatively charged metal–oxo clusters, formally obtained from plenary topologies via fragment removal. Owing to the fragment removal, the lacunary POMs archetypes are rich in nucleophilic terminal oxo ligands, making them suitable for post-synthetic coordination with various heterometals. Trilacunary heteropolytungstates (hetero-POTs) based on bowl-shaped {W9O30} framework incorporating a central lone-pair containing {XO3} hetergroup (X = AsIII, SbIII, and BiIII) function as all-inorganic scaffolds that in the presence of d-block metal cations typically construct sandwich-like dimers of Hervé and/or Krebs. Herein we review the preparative approaches, as well as compositional and magnetic versatility of the constructed Hervé- and Krebs-type dimers and discuss prospective uses as POMtronics.
Contraction in Rational Forms in the Framework of Super Metric Spaces
Authors: Karapinar Erdal , Fulga Andreea
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we investigate contractions in a rational form in the context of the supermetric space, which is a very interesting generalization of the metric space. We consider an illustrative example to support this new result on supermetric space.
Exploiting Mean-Variance Portfolio Optimization Problems through Zeroing Neural Networks
Authors: Mourtas Spyridon D. , Kasimis Chrysostomos
Published: August 2022

In this research, three different time-varying mean-variance portfolio optimization (MVPO) problems are addressed using the zeroing neural network (ZNN) approach. The first two MVPO problems are defined as time-varying quadratic programming (TVQP) problems, while the third MVPO problem is defined as a time-varying nonlinear programming (TVNLP) problem. Then, utilizing real-world datasets, the time-varying MVPO problems are addressed by this alternative neural network (NN) solver and conventional MATLAB solvers, and their performances are compared in three various portfolio configurations. The results of the experiments show that the ZNN approach is a magnificent alternative to the conventional methods. To publicize and explore the findings of this study, a MATLAB repository has been established and is freely available on GitHub for any user who is interested.
New MCDM Algorithms with Linear Diophantine Fuzzy Soft TOPSIS, VIKOR and Aggregation Operators
Authors: Alshammari Ibtesam , Parimala Mani , Ozel Cenap , Riaz Muhammad , Kammoun Rania
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we focus on several ideas associated with linear Diophantine fuzzy soft sets (LDFSSs) along with its algebraic structure. We provide operations on LDFSSs and their specific features, elaborating them with real-world examples and statistical depictions to construct an inflow of linguistic variables based on linear Diophantine fuzzy soft (LDFSS) information. We offer a study of LDFSSs to the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) process of university determination, together with new algorithms and flowcharts. We construct LDFSS-TOPSIS, LDFSS-VIKOR and the LDFSS-AO techniques as robust extensions of TOPSIS (a technique for order preferences through the ideal solution), VIKOR (Vlse Kriterijumska Optimizacija Kompromisno Resenje) and AO (aggregation operator). We use the LDFSS-TOPSIS, LDFSS-VIKOR and LDFSS-AO techniques to solve a real-world agricultural problem. Moreover, we present a small-sized robotic agri-farming to support the proposed technique. A comparison analysis is also performed to examine the symmetry of optimal decision and to analyze the efficiency of the suggested algorithms.
A Numerical Scheme for Harmonic Stochastic Oscillators Based on Asymptotic Expansions
Authors: Scalone Carmela
Published: August 2022

In this work, we provide a numerical method for discretizing linear stochastic oscillators with high constant frequencies driven by a nonlinear time-varying force and a random force. The presented method is constructed by starting from the variation of constants formula, in which highly oscillating integrals appear. To provide a suited discretisation of this type of integrals, we propose quadrature rules based on asymptotic expansions. Theoretical considerations and numerical experiments comparing the method with a standard approach on physical models are introduced.
A High-Precision Surrogate Modeling Method Based on Parallel Multipoint Expected Improvement Point Infill Criteria for Complex Simulation Problems
Authors: Li Shande , Wen Jian , Wang Jun , Liu Weiqi , Yuan Shuai
Published: August 2022

In order to overcome the problem of the low fitting accuracy of the expected improvement point infill criteria (EI) and the improved expected improvement point infill criteria (IEI), a high-precision surrogate modeling method based on the parallel multipoint expected improvement point infill criteria (PMEI) is presented in this paper for solving large-scale complex simulation problems. The PMEI criterion takes full advantage of the strong global search ability of the EI criterion and the local search ability of the IEI criterion to improve the overall accuracy of the fitting function. In the paper, the detailed steps of the PMEI method are introduced firstly, which can add multiple sample points in a single iteration. At the same time, in the process of constructing the surrogate model, it is effective to avoid the problem of the low fitting accuracy caused by adding only one new sample point in each iteration of the EI and IEI criteria. The numerical examples of the classical one-dimensional function and two-dimensional function clearly demonstrate the accuracy of the fitting function of the proposed method. Moreover, the accuracy of the multi-objective optimization surrogate model of a truck cab constructed by the PMEI method is tested, which proves the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method in solving high-dimensional modeling problems. All these results confirm that the Kriging model developed by the PMEI method has high accuracy for low-dimensional problems or high-dimensional complex problems.
Gender Similarities in the Mathematical Performance of Early School-Age Children
Authors: Escudero Ana , Lago Mᵃ Oliva , Dopico Cristina
Published: August 2022

The role of gender in mathematical abilities has caught the interest of researchers for several decades; however, their findings are not conclusive yet. Recently the need to explore its influence on the development of some foundational mathematic skills has been highlighted. Thus, the current study examined whether gender differentially affects young children’s performance in several basic numeracy skills, using a complex developmentally appropriate assessment that included not only standard curriculum-based measures, but also a non-routine task which required abstract thinking. Further, 136 children (68 girls) aged 6 to 8 years old completed: (a) the third edition of the standardized Test of Early Mathematical Ability (TEMA-3) to measure their mathematical knowledge; (b) the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (K-BIT), and (c) a non-routine counting detection task where children watched several characters performing different counts, had to judge their correctness, and justify their answers. Furthermore, frequentist and Bayesian analyses were combined to quantify the evidence of the null (gender similarities) and the alternative (gender differences) hypothesis. The overall results indicated the irrelevance or non-existence of gender differences in most of the measures used, including children’s performance in the non-routine counting task. This would support the gender similarity hypothesis in the basic numerical skills assessed.
Umbilical Cord Biometry and Fetal Abdominal Skinfold Assessment as Potential Biomarkers for Fetal Macrosomia in a Gestational Diabetes Romanian Cohort
Authors: Florian Andreea Roxana , Cruciat Gheorghe , Nemeti Georgiana , Staicu Adelina , Suciu Cristina , Sulaiman Mariam Chaikh , Goidescu Iulian , Muresan Daniel , Stamatian Florin
Published: August 2022

Backgroundand Objectives: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pregnancy-associated pathology commonly resulting in macrosomic fetuses, a known culprit of obstetric complications. We aimed to evaluate the potential of umbilical cord biometry and fetal abdominal skinfold assessment as screening tools for fetal macrosomia in gestational diabetes mellitus pregnant women. Materials and methods: This was a prospective case–control study conducted on pregnant patients presenting at 24–28 weeks of gestation in a tertiary-level maternity hospital in Northern Romania. Fetal biometry, fetal weight estimation, umbilical cord area and circumference, areas of the umbilical vein and arteries, Wharton jelly (WJ) area and abdominal fold thickness measurements were performed. Results: A total of 51 patients were enrolled in the study, 26 patients in the GDM group and 25 patients in the non-GDM group. There was no evidence in favor of umbilical cord area and WJ amount assessments as predictors of fetal macrosomia (p > 0.05). However, there was a statistically significant difference in the abdominal skinfold measurement during the second trimester between macrosomic and normal-weight newborns in the GDM patient group (p = 0.016). The second-trimester abdominal circumference was statistically significantly correlated with fetal macrosomia at term in the GDM patient group with a p value of 0.003, as well as when considering the global prevalence of macrosomia in the studied populations, 0.001, when considering both populations. Conclusions: The measurements of cord and WJ could not be established as predictors of fetal macrosomia in our study populations, nor differentiate between pregnancies with and without GDM. Abdominal skinfold measurement and abdominal circumference measured during the second trimester may be important markers of fetal metabolic status in pregnancies complicated by GDM.
Differential Proteomics of Helicobacter pylori Isolates from Gastritis, Ulcer, and Cancer Patients: First Study from Northwest Pakistan
Authors: Shah Syed Ali Raza , Rahman Hazir , Qasim Muhammad , Akram Muhammad Safwan , Saygideger Yasemin , Puspita Nanda , Saygıdeğer Demir Burcu , Alzahrani Khalid J. , Rehman Muhammad Fayyaz ur , Alzahrani Fuad M. , Alblihd Mohamed A.
Published: August 2022

Background and Objective: Helicobacter pylori is a human-stomach-dwelling organism that causes many gastric illnesses, including gastritis, ulcer, and gastric cancer. The purpose of the study was to perform differential proteomic analysis on H. pylori isolates from gastritis, ulcer, and gastric cancer patients. Materials and Methods: H. pylori was isolated from antrum and fundus biopsies obtained from patients who visited the Department of Gastroenterology. Using nano-LC-QTOF MS/MS analysis, differentially regulated proteins were identified through proteome profiling of pooled samples of H. pylori isolated from gastritis, ulcer, and gastric cancer patients. Antigenic scores and cellular localization of proteins were determined using additional prediction tools. Results: A total of 14 significantly regulated proteins were identified in H. pylori isolated from patients with either gastritis, ulcer, or gastric cancer. Comparative analysis of groups revealed that in the case of cancer vs. gastritis, six proteins were overexpressed, out of which two proteins, including hydrogenase maturation factor (hypA) and nucleoside diphosphate kinase (ndk) involved in bacterial colonization, were only upregulated in isolates from cancer patients. Similarly, in cancer vs. ulcer, a total of nine proteins were expressed. Sec-independent protein translocase protein (tatB), involved in protein translocation, and pseudaminic acid synthase I (pseI), involved in the synthesis of functional flagella, were upregulated in cancer, while hypA and ndk were downregulated. In ulcer vs. gastritis, eight proteins were expressed. In this group, tatB was overexpressed. A reduction in thioredoxin peroxidase (bacterioferritin co-migratory protein (bcp)) was observed in ulcer vs. gastritis and cancer vs. ulcer. Conclusion: Our study suggested three discrete protein signatures, hypA, tatB, and bcp, with differential expression in gastritis, ulcer, and cancer. Protein expression profiles of H. pylori isolated from patients with these gastric diseases will help to understand the virulence and pathogenesis of H. pylori.
Development of a Model to Estimate the Thermodynamic Stability of Organic Substances in Leaching Processes
Authors: Ocampo-López Carlos , Ospina-Sanjuan Álvaro , Ramírez-Carmona Margarita , Rendón-Castrillón Leidy
Published: August 2022

The leaching processes for metals using organic substances represent a sustainable approach to recover precious minerals from solid matrices. However, the generation of organometallic species and the lack of thermodynamic diagrams make it difficult to advance the understanding of their behavior and optimize the process. In this work, a thermodynamically and stoichiometrically consistent mathematical model was developed to estimate the thermodynamic stability of organic substances during the leaching process, and iron leaching with oxalic acid was used as a case study. The Pourbaix and the global thermodynamic stability diagrams for the system were developed in this study. Using a Gaussian®, it was estimated that the Gibbs free energy formation for Fe(C2O4)22−, Fe(C2O4)21−, and Fe(C2O4)33− was −1407.51, −2308.38, and −3068.89 kcal/mol. A set of eleven independent reactions was formulated for the sixteen species involved in the leaching process, and its stability functions in terms of Eh and pH were calculated to generate a 3D global thermodynamic stability diagram. According to the Eh-pH diagrams for the leaching process, ferrioxalate was identified as the most stable and predominant species in the leaching process at pH above 6.6 under reductive conditions. The mathematical model developed in this work resulted in a thermodynamic tool for predicting leaching processes.
Influence of Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment (SMAT) on Microstructure, Tensile and Low-Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Additively Manufactured Stainless Steel 316L
Authors: Wegener Thomas , Wu Tao , Sun Fei , Wang Chong , Lu Jian , Niendorf Thomas
Published: August 2022

Direct Energy Deposition (DED), as one common type of additive manufacturing, is capable of fabricating metallic components close to net-shape with complex geometry. Surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) is an advanced surface treatment technology which is able to yield a nanostructured surface layer characterized by compressive residual stresses and work hardening, thereby improving the fatigue performances of metallic specimens. In the present study, stainless steel 316L specimens were fabricated by DED and subsequently surface treated by SMAT. Both uniaxial tensile tests and uniaxial tension-compression low-cycle fatigue tests were conducted for as-built and SMAT processed specimens. The microstructure of both conditions was characterized by roughness and hardness measurements, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. After SMAT, nanocrystallites and microtwins were found in the top surface layer. These microstructural features contribute to superior properties of the treated surfaces. Finally, it can be concluded that the mechanical performance of additively manufactured steel under static and fatigue loading can be improved by the SMAT process.
Cause Analysis and Solution of Premature Fracture of Suspension Rod in Metro Gear Box
Authors: Liu Wenming , Xu Zhiqiang , Liu Hongmei , Liu Xuedong
Published: August 2022

Through the appearance observation of suspension rod in the metro gearbox, macro and micro observation of the fracture and quantitative analysis of the fracture, combined with the metallographic and hardness examination results of the boom, the finite element model was established and the force analysis of suspension rod was carried out to explore the causes of the fracture of the gearbox boom. The results show that the nature of suspension rod fracture is fatigue. The cause of its fatigue fracture is related to the low fatigue tolerance for booms in metro operation, and the surface shallow decarburization plays a role in promoting the fatigue fracture of suspension rod. The life of fatigue crack growth in the boom is 819 stations (or 1210 km), and the fatigue initiation life is 522,452 km.
d-Amino Acids and Classical Neurotransmitters in Healthy and Type 2 Diabetes-Affected Human Pancreatic Islets of Langerhans
Authors: Lee Cindy , Schnieders Jack , Rubakhin Stanislav , Patel Amit , Liu Chengyang , Naji Ali , Sweedler Jonathan
Published: August 2022

The pancreatic islets of Langerhans are clusters of cells that function as endocrine units synthesizing and releasing insulin and a range of additional peptide hormones. The structural and chemical characteristics of islets change during type 2 diabetes development. Although a range of metabolites including neurotransmitters has been reported in rodent islets, the involvement of these cell-to-cell signaling molecules within human pancreatic islets in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes is not well known, despite studies suggesting that these molecules impact intra- and inter-islet signaling pathways. We characterize the enigmatic cell-to-cell signaling molecules, d-serine (d-Ser) and d-aspartate (d-Asp), along with multiple classical neurotransmitters and related molecules, in healthy versus type 2 diabetes-affected human islets using capillary electrophoresis separations. Significantly reduced d-Ser percentage and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels were found in type 2 diabetes-affected islets compared to healthy islets. In addition, the negative correlations of many of the signaling molecules, such as d-Ser percentage (r = −0.35), d-Asp (r = −0.32), serotonin (r = −0.42), and GABA (r = −0.39) levels, with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and thus with the progression of type 2 diabetes further demonstrate the disruption in intra- or inter-islet signaling pathways and suggest that these cell-to-cell signaling molecules may be potential therapeutic targets.
Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A’s Metabolic Network: Validation and Intervention Strategies
Authors: Guil Francisco , Sánchez-Cid Guillermo , García José M.
Published: August 2022

Increasingly, systems biology is gaining relevance in basic and applied research. The combination of computational biology with wet laboratory methods produces synergy that results in an exponential increase in knowledge of biological systems. The study of microorganisms such as Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A enables the researcher to understand better their metabolic networks, which allows the design of effective strategies to treat infections caused by this species or others. S. epidermidis is the second most commoncause of infection in patients with joint implants, so treating its proliferation seems vital for public health. There are different approaches to the analysis of metabolic networks. Flux balance analysis (FBA) is one of the most widespread streams of research. It allows the study of large metabolic networks, the study their structural properties, the optimization of metabolic flux, and the search for intervention strategies to modify the state of the metabolic network. This work presents the validation of the Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A metabolic network model elaborated by Díaz Calvo et al. Then, we elaborate further on the network analysis’s essential reactions. The full set of essential reactions (including a previously unobserved one) was computed, and we classified them into equivalence classes. Some proposals to intervene in the network and design knock-outs by studying minimal cut sets of small length are also introduced. In particular, minimal cut sets related to the medium (including exchange reactions associated with medium metabolites) have been computed. In this sense, the unique external MCS (composed of cysteine and sulfate ion) has been found, and all hybrid MCS (based on knocking out both internal and exchange reactions) of length two have also been computed. The paper also points out the possible importance of these new intervention strategies.
Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats in Xanthomonas citri—Witnesses to a Global Expansion of a Bacterial Pathogen over Time
Authors: Bellanger Ninon , Dereeper Alexis , Koebnik Ralf
Published: August 2022

Xanthomonas citri pv. citri, a Gram-negative bacterium, is the causal agent of citrus canker, a significant threat to citrus production. Understanding of global expansion of the pathogen and monitoring introduction into new regions are of interest for integrated disease management at the local and global level. Genetic diversity can be assessed using genomic approaches or information from partial gene sequences, satellite markers or clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR). Here, we compared CRISPR loci from 355 strains of X. citri pv. citri, including a sample from ancient DNA, and generated the genealogy of the spoligotypes, i.e., the absence/presence patterns of CRISPR spacers. We identified 26 novel spoligotypes and constructed their likely evolutionary trajectory based on the whole-genome information. Moreover, we analyzed ~30 additional pathovars of X. citri and found that the oldest part of the CRISPR array was present in the ancestor of several pathovars of X. citri. This work presents a framework for further analyses of CRISPR loci and allows drawing conclusions about the global spread of the citrus canker pathogen, as exemplified by two introductions in West Africa.
Fungi, P-Solubilization, and Plant Nutrition
Authors: Vassileva Maria , Mendes Gilberto , Deriu Marco , Benedetto Giacomo , Flor-Peregrin Elena , Mocali Stefano , Martos Vanessa , Vassilev Nikolay
Published: August 2022

The application of plant beneficial microorganisms is widely accepted as an efficient alternative to chemical fertilizers and pesticides. It was shown that annually, mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen-fixing bacteria are responsible for 5 to 80% of all nitrogen, and up to 75% of P plant acquisition. However, while bacteria are the most studied soil microorganisms and most frequently reported in the scientific literature, the role of fungi is relatively understudied, although they are the primary organic matter decomposers and govern soil carbon and other elements, including P-cycling. Many fungi can solubilize insoluble phosphates or facilitate P-acquisition by plants and, therefore, form an important part of the commercial microbial products, with Aspergillus, Penicillium and Trichoderma being the most efficient. In this paper, the role of fungi in P-solubilization and plant nutrition will be presented with a special emphasis on their production and application. Although this topic has been repeatedly reviewed, some recent views questioned the efficacy of the microbial P-solubilizers in soil. Here, we will try to summarize the proven facts but also discuss further lines of research that may clarify our doubts in this field or open new perspectives on using the microbial and particularly fungal P-solubilizing potential in accordance with the principles of the sustainability and circular economy.
Genetic Analysis of a Large-Scale Phaeocystis globosa Bloom Offshore Qingdao, China
Authors: Song Huiyin , Wang Yiqi , Ding Xiangxiang , Chen Nansheng
Published: August 2022

A sudden large-scale bloom event of the haptophyte Phaeocystis globosa that lasted over one month in the winter of 2021 was observed offshore Qingdao, China. This P. globosa bloom event was unusual as it was the first P. globosa bloom recorded in Qingdao offshore. Furthermore, the temperature at which this event occurred was much lower than that of previous P. globosa blooms in China. We hypothesize that the P. globosa strains that drove the development of this bloom offshore Qingdao were genetically unique and have a competitive advantage in the environmental conditions. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed P. globosa genetic diversity and the temporal dynamics of the bloom, using the high-resolution molecular markers pgcp1 and cox1 that we developed recently. The analysis revealed that the genetic compositions of P. globosa offshore Qingdao were rather limited, containing two dominant genotypes and other rare genotypes with low abundance, representing a small portion of the genetic diversities identified in coastal waters in China, and were rather different from the P. globosa genotypes outside of the Jiaozhou Bay before the P. globosa bloom in the winter of 2021. This suggested only certain strains contribute to the development of blooms under certain environmental conditions. The genetic composition may indicate the unusual timing and scale of this P. globosa event.
Genomic Characterization of Salmonella Typhimurium Isolated from Guinea Pigs with Salmonellosis in Lima, Peru
Authors: Carhuaricra Huaman Dennis E. , Luna Espinoza Luis R. , Rodríguez Cueva Carmen L. , Duran Gonzales Carla G. , Rosadio Alcántara Raúl H. , Setubal João C. , Maturrano Hernández Lenin
Published: August 2022

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is one of the most important foodborne pathogens that infect humans globally. The gastrointestinal tracts of animals like pigs, poultry or cattle are the main reservoirs of Salmonella serotypes. Guinea pig meat is an important protein source for Andean countries, but this animal is commonly infected by S. Typhimurium, producing high mortality rates and generating economic losses. Despite its impact on human health, food security, and economy, there is no genomic information about the S. Typhimurium responsible for the guinea pig infections in Peru. Here, we sequence and characterize 11 S. Typhimurium genomes isolated from guinea pigs from four farms in Lima-Peru. We were able to identify two genetic clusters (HC100_9460 and HC100_9757) distinguishable at the H100 level of the Hierarchical Clustering of Core Genome Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (HierCC-cgMLST) scheme with an average of 608 SNPs of distance. All sequences belonged to sequence type 19 (ST19) and HC100_9460 isolates were typed in silico as monophasic variants (1,4,[5],12:i:-) lacking the fljA and fljB genes. Phylogenomic analysis showed that human isolates from Peru were located within the same genetic clusters as guinea pig isolates, suggesting that these lineages can infect both hosts. We identified a genetic antimicrobial resistance cassette carrying the ant(3)-Ia, dfrA15, qacE, and sul1 genes associated with transposons TnAs3 and IS21 within an IncI1 plasmid in one guinea pig isolate, while antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) for β-lactam (blaCTX-M-65) and colistin (mcr-1) resistance were detected in Peruvian human-derived isolates. The presence of a virulence plasmid highly similar to the pSLT plasmid (LT2 reference strain) containing the spvRABCD operon was found in all guinea pig isolates. Finally, seven phage sequences (STGP_Φ1 to STGP_Φ7) were identified in guinea pig isolates, distributed according to the genetic lineage (H50 clusters level) and forming part of the specific gene content of each cluster. This study presents, for the first time, the genomic characteristics of S. Typhimurium isolated from guinea pigs in South America, showing particular diversity and genetic elements (plasmids and prophages) that require special attention and also broader studies in different periods of time and locations to determine their impact on human health.
Zeta-Carotene Isomerase (Z-ISO) Is Required for Light-Independent Carotenoid Biosynthesis in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
Authors: Proctor Matthew S. , Morey-Burrows Felix S. , Canniffe Daniel P. , Martin Elizabeth C. , Swainsbury David J. K. , Johnson Matthew P. , Hunter C. Neil , Sutherland George A. , Hitchcock Andrew
Published: August 2022

Carotenoids are crucial photosynthetic pigments utilized for light harvesting, energy transfer, and photoprotection. Although most of the enzymes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis in chlorophototrophs are known, some are yet to be identified or fully characterized in certain organisms. A recently characterized enzyme in oxygenic phototrophs is 15-cis-zeta(ζ)-carotene isomerase (Z-ISO), which catalyzes the cis-to-trans isomerization of the central 15–15′ cis double bond in 9,15,9′-tri-cis-ζ-carotene to produce 9,9′-di-cis-ζ-carotene during the four-step conversion of phytoene to lycopene. Z-ISO is a heme B-containing enzyme best studied in angiosperms. Homologs of Z-ISO are present in organisms that use the multi-enzyme poly-cis phytoene desaturation pathway, including algae and cyanobacteria, but appear to be absent in green bacteria. Here we confirm the identity of Z-ISO in the model unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 by showing that the protein encoded by the slr1599 open reading frame has ζ-carotene isomerase activity when produced in Escherichia coli. A Synechocystis Δslr1599 mutant synthesizes a normal quota of carotenoids when grown under illumination, where the photolabile 15–15′ cis double bond of 9,15,9′-tri-cis-ζ-carotene is isomerized by light, but accumulates this intermediate and fails to produce ‘mature’ carotenoid species during light-activated heterotrophic growth, demonstrating the requirement of Z-ISO for carotenoid biosynthesis during periods of darkness. In the absence of a structure of Z-ISO, we analyze AlphaFold models of the Synechocystis, Zea mays (maize), and Arabidopsis thaliana enzymes, identifying putative protein ligands for the heme B cofactor and the substrate-binding site.
Effect of Iron Limitation, Elevated Temperature, and Florfenicol on the Proteome and Vesiculation of the Fish Pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida
Authors: Kroniger Tobias , Mehanny Mina , Schlüter Rabea , Trautwein-Schult Anke , Köllner Bernd , Becher Dörte
Published: August 2022

We analyzed the proteomic response of the Gram-negative fish pathogen A. salmonicida to iron limitation, an elevated incubation temperature, and the antibiotic florfenicol. Proteins from different subcellular fractions (cytosol, inner membrane, outer membrane, extracellular and outer membrane vesicles) were enriched and analyzed. We identified several iron-regulated proteins that were not reported in the literature for A. salmonicida before. We could also show that hemolysin, an oxidative-stress-resistance chaperone, a putative hemin receptor, an M36 peptidase, and an uncharacterized protein were significantly higher in abundance not only under iron limitation but also with an elevated incubation temperature. This may indicate that these proteins involved in the infection process of A. salmonicida are induced by both factors. The analysis of the outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) with and without applied stresses revealed significant differences in the proteomes. OMVs were smaller and contained more cytoplasmic proteins after antibiotic treatment. After cultivation with low iron availability, several iron-regulated proteins were found in the OMVs, indicating that A. salmonicida OMVs potentially have a function in iron acquisition, as reported for other bacteria. The presence of iron-regulated transporters further indicates that OMVs obtained from ‘stressed’ bacteria might be suitable vaccine candidates that induce a protective anti-virulence immune response.
Distribution of Core Root Microbiota of Tibetan Hulless Barley along an Altitudinal and Geographical Gradient in the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wei Na , Yue Xiaofeng
Published: August 2022

The Tibetan Plateau is regarded as the third pole of the earth and is one of the least explored places on the planet. Tibetan hull-less barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum) is the only cereal crop grown widely in the Tibetan Plateau as a staple food. Extensive and long-term cropping of barley may influence the soil’s chemical and biological properties, including microbial communities. However, microbiota associated with hull-less barley is largely unexplored. This study aimed to reveal the composition and diversity of bacterial and fungal communities associated with the hull-less barley at different elevations in the Tibetan Plateau. The core bacterial and fungal taxa of Tibetan hull-less barley were identified, with Bacillaceae, Blastocatellaceae, Comamonadaceae, Gemmatimonadaceae, Planococcaceae, Pyrinomonadaceae, Sphingomonadaceae, and Nitrospiraceae being the most abundant bacterial taxa and Ceratobasidiaceae, Chaetomiaceae, Cladosporiaceae, Didymellaceae, Entolomataceae, Microascaceae, Mortierellaceae, and Nectriaceae being the most abundant fungal taxa (relative abundance > 1%). Both bacterial and fungal diversities of hull-less barley were affected by altitude and soil properties such as total carbon, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus and potassium. Both bacterial and fungal diversities showed a significant negative correlation with altitude, indicating that the lower elevations provide a conducive environment for the survival and maintenance of hull-less barley-associated microbiota. Our results also suggest that the high altitude-specific microbial taxa may play an important role in the adaptation of the hull-less barley to the earth’s third pole.
Modes of Occurrence and Enrichment of Trace Elements in Coal from the Anjialing Mine, Pingshuo Mining District, Ningwu Coalfield, Shanxi Province, China
Authors: Ikeh Tobechukwu Justin , Sun Beilei , Liu Chao , Liu Yunxia , Kong Yanlei , Pan Xinyu
Published: August 2022

In this paper, the mineralogical composition, concentrations, distribution, and modes of occurrence of the trace elements in coal from the Anjialing coal seam 9 in the Pingshuo mining district, Ningwu coalfield, were studied using optical microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and sequential chemical extraction procedures (SCEPs). The identified minerals included mainly kaolinite, boehmite, pyrite, calcite, quartz, and muscovite. Compared to other hard coal from around the world, the coal from seam 9 was enriched with lithium (Li); slightly enriched with gallium (Ga), hafnium (Hf), zirconium (Zr), and mercury (Hg); typically enriched with lead (Pb), and depleted in arsenic (As). The results of the SCEPs analysis showed that Li, Ga, Zr, and Hf were mainly associated with clay minerals. Arsenic mainly occurred in its silicate and sulfide forms in pyrite and Pb was mainly associated with aluminosilicate, sulfide, and carbonate minerals.
Distinct Geochemical Behavior of Water in Olivine between Silicate and Carbonatite Metasomatism
Authors: Zhang Wan-Feng , Xia Xiao-Ping , Su Ben-Xun , Xu Yi-Gang , Zhang Yan-Qiang , Yang Qing , Zhang Le , Cui Ze-Xian
Published: August 2022

Metasomatism by silicate or carbonatite melts can significantly modify the mineral physical and chemical properties, and the hydrogen geochemical behavior during the interaction of olivine and melt remains unclear. In this study, olivine wate content was measured by SIMS on two peridotite xenolith suites. The water content in the silicate-metasomatized olivine increases along with the metasomatism intensity, whereas the opposite trend is present in the carbonatite-metasomatized ones. These results reflect that H enters olivine via silicate metasomatism, whereas it is extracted by carbonatite melts due to its high-water solubility. In addition, as 7Li (more hydrotropic than 6Li) have more similar geochemical behavior to H, 7Li preferentially enter olivine during silicate metasomatism, but remain in the melt during carbonatite metasomatism, resulting in distinct Li isotope behavior during the two different metasomatism. Therefore, the water content of olivine can be used to distinguish metasomatic melts, as well as to explain the δ7Li differentiation.
Monitoring Coexisting Rapid Small-Scale and Large-Scale Gold Mining Developments Using Planet Smallsats Constellations
Authors: Kimijima Satomi , Nagai Masahiko , Sakakibara Masayuki
Published: August 2022

Gold mining is a significant strategic sector for local, regional, and national economies. The rapid development of coexisting camp-type artisanal and small-scale gold mining (C-ASGM) and large-scale mining (LSM) accelerates the environmental and health risks associated with mercury pollution; however, transformations of coexisting sites have not been well quantified. This study used remote sensing (the PlanetScope smallsat constellations systems) to investigate the development of coexisting C-ASGM and LSM sites in Gorontalo, Indonesia, from 2019 to 2022. The results show a positive increase in the extent of barren land across all study zones, resulting from a road network construction connecting the southern port to major mining sites. Notably, greater landcover transformations in the C-ASGM sites after 2020 were attributed to the dumping of underground soils excavated using a shaft-mining method. The findings of this study expand our understanding of the rapid development of coexisting mining operations and quantify significant mining-induced environmental changes. These findings are anticipated to assist in timely monitoring and identification of development areas, rates, and volumes, together with the existing C-AGSM’s reactions associated with LSM’s massive developments. This also helps to detect possible local-level socioenvironmental impacts from massive land shape changes, leading to human disasters, including landslides and floods.
Pensamiento posabismal, cuerpo y tecnologia
Authors: Moisés Sosa Gianina Elizabeth
Published: August 2022

En este ensayo recuperamos algunas reflexiones acerca de la noción de cuerpo y del sustrato que se moviliza al razonar sobre ella a la luz del desarrollo tecnológico desplegado en décadas recientes. Tomamos como punto de partida los postulados de Boaventura De Sousa Santos respecto de que vivimos un desfasaje entre lo que se intenta imponer como “lo que es” y lo que las sociedades vivencian, encarnan y exigen, en un marco en el que los avances tecnológicos imprimen una nueva dimensión subjetiva, no solo en el establecimiento de la interfaz, en tanto vinculación profunda y compleja entre el cuerpo y la tecnología, y sus efectos de sentido, sino también en la intervención desde y sobre los cuerpos extendiendo los límites de lo concebible. En este contexto retomamos planteos como el multinaturalismo, la teoría cyborg o la formulación posabismal, como posibles marcos a partir de los cuales diseñar corpus de conocimientos acordes a los nuevos desarrollos.
Eco-espiritualidad
Authors: Silva de la Rosa Manuel Antonio
Published: August 2022

Este escrito pretende examinar los modelos de dominación socioambiental colonial, moderno, capitalista que impone una espiritualidad capitalista, con la finalidad de abdicar sus fuerzas y comprender lo valioso que es la resistencia decolonial por la justicia socioambiental, mediante los saberes, territorios e imágenes; y sobre todo, para comprender el papel de los movimientos sociales que resisten desde la cosmoviviencia de la eco-espiritualidad en el marco filosófico fenomenológico y desde la teoría crítica de las ciencias sociales y teniendo en cuenta las resistencias descoloniales por la justicia socioambiental.
Percepción de estrés en docentes universitarios que trabajan a distancia
Authors: Córdova-Cárdenas Gilberto Manuel , López-Corral Alfonso , Félix-Rochin Ana Lucia
Published: August 2022

El presente estudio tiene el objetivo de conocer la percepción de docentes que trabajan a distancia en relación al estrés laboral. Se encuesto a 119 profesores que laboraban de manera presencial y tuvieron que migrar a la modalidad a distancia, se les aplicó la Escala de Estrés Laboral para Médicos Mexicanos (Hernández, Ortega & Reidl, 2012) y se adapto para el presente estudio. En los hallazgos los profesores no consideran que tengan una buena retribución. El 35% no están satisfechos con las condiciones de trabajo, la falta de motivación es baja por lo que necesitan implementar medidas para que se sientan motivados a hacer su trabajo desde su hogar. Además, consideran que tiene un exceso de trabajo. el estrés es producto de las experiencias que se le presentan a cada individuo y depende de los recursos con los que cuenta para afrontar dichas demandas que pudieran provocarle consecuencias negativas.
Trauma and Congregations: The Importance of Trauma Sensitivity in Local Religious Congregations
Authors: Hill Erin , Yancey Gaynor
Published: August 2022

Local congregations are vital resources within communities. They serve an important function in the lives of community members and especially those who have experienced trauma. This article examines current literature about the interaction between faith communities and trauma, the reasons why it is valuable for local congregations to understand trauma, and the role that faith and congregations can have in helping individuals who have experienced trauma. Rather than focusing on the role of faith in the healing of trauma (which is a separate area of study), this article focuses on the importance of positively creating congregational systems to be mindful of those who have experienced trauma. There is a significant gap in the current literature on how congregations can be trauma sensitive
Mukaddimetü’l-Edeb’in Hem Doğu Türkçesine Hem Batı Türkçesine Satır Altı Çevrili Bir Nüshası Üzerine
Authors: ERSOY Gülser
Published: August 2022

Türkleşen Harezm’de Türk dili bir edebiyat ve yazı dili olmuş ve bu durumun doğal bir sonucu olarak bu coğrafyada Türk dilinin tarihine ışık tutacak önemli eserler kaleme alınmıştır. Bu eserlerden bir tanesi de Zemahşerî’nin kaleme aldığı Mukaddimetü’l-Edeb’dir. Kullanışlı bir sözlük özelliğine sahip olan Mukaddimetü’l-Edeb, oldukça itibar görüp sevildiğinden istinsah edilmiş çok sayıda nüshası bulunmaktadır. Literatürde adı geçen eserin nüshaları ile alakalı birçok çalışma yapılmıştır ve yapılacak araştırmalar neticesinde bu çalışmaların içeriğinde güncelleme yapmak kaçınılmazdır.Bu makale, daha önce herhangi bir çalışmada bahsi geçmeyen Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi İzmir kısmında 672 numara ile kayıtlı, Mukaddimetü’l-Edeb’in yeni bir nüshasını tanıtma amacını taşımaktadır. Çalışmada öncelikle Mukaddimetü’l-Edeb’in Türkçeye çevrilen nüshaları, ardından nüshanın imla ve dil özellikleri hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Kolofonunda istinsah tarihi olarak 877 kaydı düşülen eserde Arapça sözcüklerin Farsça karşılıkları verilmiştir. Bunun yanında bu sözcüklerin Doğu ve Batı Türkçesine çevirisi yapılmıştır. Bu bağlamda eldeki nüsha; fonetik, morfolojik ve leksik anlamda önemli bir kaynak niteliğindedir. Türkçenin her iki sahasına ait çevirilerinin olması sebebiyle eser tanıtılırken aynı zamanda her iki sahaya ait imla ve dil özellikleri karşılaştırmalı bir şekilde verilmiş ve bu özellikler eser üzerinden örneklendirilmiştir.Son olarak Mukaddimetü’l-Edeb’in Türkçenin söz varlığı bakımından önemi vurgulanmış ve konu ile ilgili çalışmaların arttırılması gerektiğinin altı çizilmiştir.
Currents of Great Salt Lake, Utah
Authors: Katzenberger W. M , Whelan J. A.
Published: August 2022

The chief factor controlling currents in Great Salt Lake is inflow. In the south arm inflow from Bear River and from Farmington Bay sets up two major counterclockwise currents. In the north arm, flow through culverts in the Southern Pacific Railroad causeway induces two major northwest-flowing currents. Currents in Great Salt Lake caused by winds are rare and diminish rapidly.
A Comparison of Models for Flow Through the Causeway, Great Salt Lake, Utah
Authors: Whelan J. A. , Petersen Carol A.
Published: August 2022

Both scientific and economic importance is attached to knowledge of the mechanism and quantity of brine flow through a rock-fill causeway in Great Salt Lake, Utah. Several mathematical models have been devised to describe the flow and also the characteristics of south arm brines. Among these models, the most useful is the Waddell-BoIke digital computer model, which is based on the total hydrology of the lake.
Structural Geology and Petroleum Potential of the South Flank of the Uinta Mountain Uplift, Northeastern Utah
Authors: Campbell Jock A.
Published: August 2022

The transition between the Uinta basin and the Uinta uplift is masked by Tertiary and Quaternary sediments, so that both the position and the structural style of the boundary are unclear. Seismic data and recently drilled wells help to clarify the character of the boundary as having upthrust geometry, which is typical of the Rocky Mountain foreland. The structural configuration thus interpreted is significant to petroleum entrapment in a zone paralleling the entire south flank of the Uinta Mountains.
Earthquake Epicenters in Utah July-December 1974
Authors: Cook Kenneth L.
Published: August 2022

The general earthquake epicenters in and near Utah for July through December 1974, with dates of occurrences and approximate Richter magnitudes, are listed
Bibliography of Utah Geology 1974
Authors:   Utah Geological and Mineral Survey
Published: August 2022

Papers on the geology and mineral resources of Utah that have appeared during 1974 are listed here and, in addition, 1973 papers that did not appear in "Bibliography of Utah Geology 1973" (Utah Geology, v. 1, no. 1).