bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BEING CALLED TO ACTION: Contemporary Museum Ethnographies
Authors: Thorner Sabra G.
Published: February 2022

abstract

There has been wonderful work animating vectors of relatedness, negotiation, and collaboration between museums and “source communities”; foregrounding the significance of objects, what they can/might do, and how they act in and through museums; and highlighting the particularity of the photographic archive (and especially photographs as things in need of specific kinds of attention and care) in contemporary cultural reclamation and (re)vitalization projects. In this special issue ofMuseum Anthropologyentitled “Materiality, Belonging, and the Activation of Difference,” we seek to bring these three fields into conversation. We seek to extend recent work arguing for an expanded view of museums as sites of translation (between local needs and global agendas) and frames for more inclusive, dynamic, collaborative, politically informed action. As a set, these articles argue that museum anthropology as a discipline must allow for ethnographic exploration of, coexistence with, and engagement across these emphases: the centrality of objects and how they are mobilized in various forms of knowledge production; debate over what a museum is and what its social role(s) might be (can a home be a museum? Can a city? What happens to our notion of “museum” when we expand beyond architectural objectifications of state/national authority?); and the embodied, affective, and sensorial experiences of museums and museum‐like spaces. [museum objects/things, museum places, heritage, tourism, authenticity]
Joint management of marine mammals and a fish species: The case of cod and grey seals in the Nordic‐Baltic Sea countries
Authors: Blomquist Johan , Jensen Frank , Waldo Staffan , Flaaten Ola , Holma Maija K.
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we present a simple theoretical, steady‐state equilibrium, predator‐prey model for the joint management of marine mammals and a fish species. As an empirical case, we choose cod and grey seals in the Nordic‐Baltic Sea countries, and several benefits and costs related to the latter are considered. We show that the optimal grey seal population is much lower than the actual population, and this result is robust to variations in relevant parameter values. This result can be explained by the fact that the profit from harvesting cod is much higher than the net benefits from grey seals.
Reappraisal of liver transplantation for erythropoietic protoporphyria: A deadly combination of disease recurrence and biliary complication
Authors: Endo Yutaka , Hibi Taizo , Shinoda Masahiro , Obara Hideaki , Kitago Minoru , Yagi Hiroshi , Abe Yuta , Hasegawa Yasushi , Matsubara Kentaro , Hori Shutaro , Tanaka Masayuki , Makiuchi Satomi , Nakano Yutaka , Itano Osamu , Kuroda Tatsuo , Kitagawa Yuko
Published: February 2022

Background

Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is a rare inherited disorder that causes the accumulation of protoporphyrin in the erythrocytes, skin, and liver. Severe protoporphyric hepatopathy results in liver failure, requiring both liver and bone marrow transplantation as a life‐saving procedure and to correct the underlying enzymatic defect, respectively.

Case presentation

We report a 20‐year‐old man who underwent split liver transplantation using a right trisegment and caudate lobe graft for EPP‐induced liver failure, but succumbed to a deadly combination of early relapse of EPP and subsequent, intractable, late‐onset bile leakage from the cut surface of segment 4. EPP recurrence most likely created a high‐risk situation for bile leakage from the non‐communicating bile ducts of segment 4; therefore, this case shed light on the potential relationship between EPP recurrence and biliary complications.

Conclusion

Physicians should recognize the potentially rapid and life‐threatening progression of protoporphyric hepatopathy that leads to liver failure. For young patients with EPP, LT and sequential BMT should thoroughly be considered by a multidisciplinary team as soon as hepatic reserve deterioration becomes evident. Split liver transplantation should preferably be avoided and appropriate post‐transplant management is critical before protoporphyrin depositions to the bile duct and hepatocyte causes irreversible damage to the liver graft.
How heaven and humanity are united as one: Tong as an alternative to tianren heyi
Authors: He Fan
Published: February 2022

The relation between heaven and humanity is a central topic in Chinese philosophy. It is often examined through tianren heyi, a term considered the most significant to Chinese culture. In this article, I argue that tianren heyi is inappropriate and even misleading in our discussion of the relation between heaven and humanity. I investigate its absence from pre‐Qin texts, the ambiguity of its meaning, and the exaggeration of its significance in Chinese philosophy. Hence, I advance tong as an alternative. My argument consists of two parts. First, I demonstrate that, in contrast to tianren heyi, tong is widely used as an important term by various early philosophical streams. Second, I focus on Mohist shangtong, Confucian datong, and Taoist xuantong, presenting how different philosophical streams take tong as a central term to develop distinct theories of the ideal relation between heaven and humanity. Instead of tianren heyi, tong can provide a solid step to a full understanding of how heaven and humanity are united.
Seed size dimorphism in Hyptis suaveolens aids in differentiation of the germination niche
Authors: Rathee S. , Sharma P. , Ahmad M. , Batish D. R. , Singh H. P. , Kaur S. , Yadav S. S.
Published: February 2022

Seed germination characteristics help predict the degree of invasive success of a species based on capacity of the seeds to germinate and recruit into novel habitats. Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. (Bush mint, Pignut; Lamiaceae) is an invasive plant that is spreading throughout tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. We conducted a study to understand the role of seed size dimorphism in differentiation of germination niche in H. suaveolens.

We subjected small and large seeds to varying environmental conditions of temperature (°C), photoperiod (light/dark), salt (NaCl; mM), pH, osmotic potential (MPa), different soil types and ratios (clay:sand) and burial depth (cm). Different germination indices were calculated and their interaction with seed dimorphism studied.

There was a significant interaction (P < 0.001) between germination indices and seed dimorphism throughout the treatments. Large seeds had higher germination percentage and rate, indicating higher germination capacity. In addition, these displayed more asynchronous germination under various environments. Small seeds, on the other hand, required a longer germination time as compared to large seeds, indicating slower germination.

Differential responses of the two seed morphs to varying environmental conditions, therefore, help H. suaveolens to differentiate its germination niche and establish in heterogeneous environments. These findings will help in devising appropriate management and eradication strategies based on germination ecology of seeds.
The utilisation of European processed animal proteins as safe, sustainable and circular ingredients for global aquafeeds
Authors: Woodgate Stephen L. , Wan Alex H. L. , Hartnett Finnian , Wilkinson Robert G. , Davies Simon J.
Published: February 2022

The global increase in seafood demand has resulted in significant growth in aquaculture production in a wide range of aquatic species. Consequently, this has led to an industry‐wide need to find sustainable feed ingredients that would meet the nutritional requirements used in aquafeeds. The associated dependency on plant by‐products as the major alternatives has brought concerns to aquaculture through associated carbon footprint, increase deforestation and arable land use to meet the demands of plant proteins and oils, and the constraining effects of plant by‐products has on farmed aquatic animal growth and health. Animal by‐products (ABPs) are produced as a direct consequence of terrestrial animal production and the associated meat processing industries. The link between feeding meat and bone meal (MBM) and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) outbreak in Europe during the 1980s resulted in a ban of its use animal feeds. This led to a radical overhaul of the rendering industry, including the use of only low‐risk ABP and the development of rendering processes to reduce the risk of prions that causes BSE to enter the food chain. The resulting processed animal proteins (PAPs) are considered safe to be used in farmed animal feeds. This review examines how ABP production has changed due to the BSE outbreak, leading to the current commercially available PAP products for aquafeed use. We evaluated how these products can be effectively used as viable protein sources in aquaculture and examine their limitations and the potential advancements that could lead to a more circular food production system.
Direct and indirect costs of systemic sclerosis and associated interstitial lung disease: A nationwide population‐based cohort study
Authors: Knarborg Malene , Løkke Anders , Hilberg Ole , Ibsen Rikke , Sikjær Melina Gade
Published: February 2022

Background and objective

The study aimed to evaluate the direct and indirect costs of systemic sclerosis (SSc) in cases with and without interstitial lung disease (ILD).

Methods

Cases diagnosed with SSc (2002–2015) were identified in the Danish National Patient Registry. Cases were matched 1:4 with non‐SSc controls from the general population. Data on costs were obtained from national databases. Excess cost was estimated as the annual cost per case subtracting the costs of the control.

Results

We identified 1869 cases and 7463 controls. Total excess cost (direct healthcare, elderly care and indirect costs) in the SSc‐ILD cohort was €29,725, and €17,905 in the non‐ILD SSc cohort. In‐ and out‐patient contacts and forgone earnings were the key drivers of costs in both cohorts. Healthcare costs were higher before and after the diagnosis compared with the controls. Men incurred higher excess healthcare costs than women. Hospitalization and outpatient services were the key drivers of the gender‐associated differences. Income from employment decreased more rapidly after diagnosis in the SSc‐ILD cohort than in the non‐ILD SSc cohort. Public transfer income increased after diagnosis, with the most pronounced difference in the SSc‐ILD cohort. Disability pension was the key driver of public transfer income.

Conclusion

SSc is associated with a significant individual and societal burden that is evident several years before and after the diagnosis. Total excess costs are higher in SSc‐ILD than in the non‐ILD SSc underlining the severity of pulmonary involvement. Initiatives to maintain work ability and to reduce hospital admissions may reduce the economic burden of SSc.
Environmental regulation and foreign direct investment attractiveness: Evidence from China provinces
Authors: Wang Qian , Du Zhuoya , Wang Boyu , Chiu Yung‐ho , Chang Tzu‐Han
Published: February 2022

China strengthened environmental regulation to inhibit the formation of new pollution havens and to change its growth mode. This study explores the efficiency for attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) with the inclusion of environmental regulation in 31 Chinese provinces over the period 2015–2017, using a dynamic direction distance function‐data envelopment analysis (DDF‐DEA) model. The empirical results show that the mean overall efficiencies and ranks in the eastern region are significantly higher than those in the non‐eastern regions with or without environmental regulation, but the environmental regulation has a greater impact on the efficiency of attracting FDI in the economically developed areas. The average efficiencies for both the number of foreign companies and FDI amount in the eastern regions are higher than those in the non‐eastern regions. The industrial pollution control expenditure efficiency with the inclusion of environmental regulation of each province keeps in efficiency frontier. Relative to the efficiency of input variables, the output efficiencies in the non‐eastern regions have more scope to improve.
Voluntary, temporary, out‐of‐home firearm storage: A qualitative study of stakeholder views
Authors: Betz Marian E. , Rooney Lauren A. , Barnard Leslie M. , Siry‐Bove Bonnie J. , Brandspigel Sara , McCarthy Megan , Simeon Kate , Meador Lauren , Rivara Frederick P. , Rowhani‐Rahbar Ali , Knoepke Christopher E.
Published: February 2022

Background

Reducing firearm access during times of risk is a key component of suicide prevention, including the person at risk voluntarily, temporarily storing firearms outside the home. However, this approach relies on the participation of storage providers (ranges/retailers and law enforcement agencies (LEAs)). Our objective was to describe stakeholders' views and experiences surrounding voluntary, temporary out‐of‐home firearm storage for suicide prevention.

Method

We conducted individual interviews with (1) firearm ranges/retailers; (2) LEAs (in Colorado or Washington State); and (3) state/national organizations involved in policy development or enactment; public health; or firearm rights. Transcripts were analyzed using a team‐based mixed inductive‐deductive approach.

Results

Across 100 interviews (October–May 2021), potential storage providers were supportive of voluntary storage programs, often reporting a desire to help their customers and community. However, potential storage suppliers cited civil liability, regulatory, and legal concerns associated with storing and/or returning firearms (to people who had previously expressed suicide risk). Stakeholders offered suggested strategies meant to address liability and increase storage accessibility.

Conclusions

Understanding stakeholder views supports the development of acceptable, feasible programs for out‐of‐home firearm storage during times of suicide risk. Clarification of existing regulations or creation of new policies is necessary to address potential providers' concerns.
Characterization of six novel HLA alleles, HLA‐A*24:565, ‐A*29:160, ‐B*07:444, ‐B*57:156, ‐C*18:15 and ‐DPB1*795:01:02
Authors: Balas Antonio , Moreno‐Hidalgo Miguel‐Ángel , Alenda Raquel , García‐Sánchez Félix , Vicario José L.
Published: February 2022

Six novel HLA alleles were characterized in the Spanish population.
Our quest for creating a space that is welcoming to all: A commentary from the American College of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Committee
Authors: Odunayo Adesola , Alwood Amy , Asokan Vibha , Balakrishnan Anusha , Berkowitz Steven , Buckley Gareth , Chih Annie , Claus Kimberly , Cottam Emily , Gonzalez Anthony , Hoareau Guillaume L. , Holowaychuk Marie , Johnson Paula , Kielb Jessica , Ngwenyama Thandeka , Pardo Mariana , Rutter Christine , Sharpe Shaunita , Whitehead KimMi
Published: February 2022

Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) are crucial elements of successful veterinary emergency and critical care practices across the world. Embracing the elements of DEI creates a work environment that is safe and welcoming for all the members of the team. The American College of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care DEI committee was formed to enhance and support efforts to increase racial diversity in veterinary emergency and critical care, as well as provide resources that will generate DEI practices across the country. This article provides an overview of the vision of the committee and some of the steps that have been taken to create a welcoming space for all represented in veterinary emergency and critical care.
Three‐dimensional printed surgical guides for keratoma removal in horses using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging‐based segmentation
Authors: Biedrzycki Adam H , Morton Alison J , Perez‐Jimenez Erik E , Elane George L , Roe Heather A , Trolinger‐Meadows Kimberly D
Published: February 2022

Objective

To report the technique, surgical approach, and postoperative features in horses treated via a 3‐dimensional (3D) printed guide‐assisted keratoma resection created using computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based segmentation.

Animals

Five client‐owned horses.

Study design

Short case series.

Methods

Horses were placed under general anesthesia for imaging (CT and MRI) and underwent a second anesthesia for surgery. Two horses had guides created from CT‐based imaging, 3 horses had guides created from MRI. Various sized nonarbored hole saws were used to create accurate and precise portals for keratoma removal. Surgical sites were managed until keratinized granulation tissue had formed and the defect was sealed with an artificial hoof wall patch.

Results

All keratomas were successfully removed as a single piece either intact with the hoof wall or easily extracted after the hoof wall portal was created in a surgical time between 20 and 90 min. All CT created guides fitted without issue; MRI‐created guides required minor adjustments with a rotary device for proper fit. All cases had minor debridement adjacent to P3 and circumferential lamellar tissue. All horses returned to previous level of performance 2 to 4 months postoperatively.

Conclusion

Use of 3D printed guides led to accurate targeting of keratomas with small surgical portals and short surgical times. Due to challenges with MRI‐based segmentation, CT is preferred.
Product and Process Design for Sustainable Assembly
Authors: Eastwood Michael D. , Haapala Karl R. , Carter Matthew D. , Liner Paul W.
Published: February 2022

Design and manufacturing engineers often focus on technical performance and cost as primary factors in the design of components and assemblies. With a changing market and a growing list of regulations, however, manufacturing decision makers must address economic, environmental, and social aspects of sustainability in product design and manufacturing. Current methods and tools for conducting such sustainability assessments often consider corporate level metrics and lack the detail necessary to assist engineering decision making at the product and process level. A sustainability assessment method is presented that takes advantage of unit process modeling and life cycle assessment (LCA) approaches to assist in product assembly design. The combination of these two approaches facilitates process level sustainability assessment by addressing unit manufacturing and assembly operations, while identifying relevant economic, environmental, and social metrics. This method is demonstrated to evaluate alternate product and process designs for an aircraft-like assembly.
Origin of enhanced thermal atomic layer etching of amorphous HfO2
Authors: Mullins Rita , Gutiérrez Moreno José Julio , Nolan Michael
Published: February 2022

HfO2 is a high-k material that is used in semiconductor devices. Atomic-level control of material processing is required for the fabrication of thin films of high-k materials at nanoscale device sizes. Thermal atomic layer etching (ALE) of metal oxides, in which up to one monolayer of material can be removed, can be achieved by sequential self-limiting fluorination and ligand-exchange reactions at elevated temperatures. First-principles-based atomic-level simulations using density functional theory can give deep insights into the precursor chemistry and the reactions that drive the etching of metal oxides. A previous study examined the hydrogen fluoride (HF) pulse in the first step in the thermal ALE process of crystalline HfO2 and ZrO2. This study examines the HF pulse on amorphous HfO2 using first-principles simulations. The Natarajan–Elliott analysis, a thermodynamic methodology, is used to compare reaction models representing the self-limiting and spontaneous etch processes taking place during an ALE pulse. For the HF pulse on amorphous HfO2, we found that thermodynamic barriers impeding spontaneous etching are present at ALE relevant temperatures. HF adsorption calculations on the amorphous oxide surface are studied to understand the mechanistic details of the HF pulse. An HF molecule adsorbs dissociatively by forming Hf–F and O–H bonds. HF coverages ranging from 1.1 ± 0.3 to 18.0 ± 0.3 HF/nm2 are investigated, and a mixture of molecularly and dissociatively adsorbed HF molecules is present at higher coverages. A theoretical etch rate of −0.82 ± 0.02 Å/cycle for amorphous HfO2 was calculated using a maximum coverage of 9.0 ± 0.3 Hf–F/nm2. This theoretical etch rate is greater than the theoretical etch rate for crystalline HfO2 that we previously calculated at −0.61 ± 0.02 Å/cycle. Undercoordinated atoms and void regions in amorphous HfO2 allow for more binding sites during fluorination, whereas crystalline HfO2 has a limited number of adsorption sites.
Understanding Aristotle’s Wheel Paradox from the Viewpoint of Motion Decomposition
Authors: Xu Huiling , Yan Xun-Wang , Wang Yanyun
Published: February 2022

Aristotle’s wheel paradox is a fascinating example of a classical puzzle that can pique a student’s interest. The existing explanations in the literature are limited to discussions of the wheel trajectory; in this paper, we study the paradox from the viewpoint of motion decomposition, an approach we consider more intuitive. The motion of the point at the wheel edge can be resolved into a uniform rectilinear motion and a uniform circular motion. By analyzing the velocity of the point on the edge of the small wheel, we conclude that when the large wheel is rolling at a constant speed without slipping, the small wheel does actually both roll and slide.
A context-based approach to predict speech intelligibility in interrupted noise: Model design
Authors: van Schoonhoven Jelmer , Rhebergen Koenraad S. , Dreschler Wouter A.
Published: February 2022

The Extended Speech Transmission Index (ESTI) by van Schoonhoven et al. [(2019). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 145, 1178–1194] was used successfully to predict intelligibility of sentences in fluctuating background noise. However, prediction accuracy was poor when the modulation frequency of the masker was low (<8 Hz). In the current paper, the ESTI was calculated per phoneme to estimate phoneme intelligibility. In the next step, the ESTI model was combined with one of two context models {Boothroyd and Nittrouer, [(1988). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 84, 101–114]; Bronkhorst et al., [(1993). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 93, 499–509} in order to improve model predictions. This approach was validated using interrupted speech data, after which it was used to predict speech intelligibility of words in interrupted noise. Model predictions improved using this new method, especially for maskers with interruption rates below 5 Hz. Calculating the ESTI at phoneme level combined with a context model is therefore a viable option to improve prediction accuracy.
The Relationship Between Performance and Injury in Junior Australian Football Athletes
Authors: Bennett Hunter , Chalmers Samuel , Arnold John , Milanese Steve , Blacket Chloe , Niculescu Andrei , Fuller Joel
Published: February 2022

Purpose: Determine the impact of preseason and between-seasons changes in individual physical performance on injury risk in elite junior Australian football players and if injuries sustained during a season impact subsequent-season performance improvement. Methods: This prospective cohort study assessed individual performance measures (sprint speed, jump, agility, and aerobic endurance) during preseason over 4 consecutive seasons. Injury status (injured/not injured) was tracked weekly to determine the relationship between individual performance and in-season injury occurrence. Mixed models were used to determine the relationship between physical performance and injury, and the effect of injury on physical performance improvement. Results: A total of 206 players played 2 consecutive seasons and were included (17.6 y, 181.9 cm, 75.7 kg). Faster players during preseason experienced higher injury incidence (injuries/season) during that playing season (incidence rate ratio = 0.127; P = .034). Injury incidence was not influenced by between-seasons change in any performance measure. Players injured during their first season maintained their aerobic fitness, which declined in noninjured players (d = 0.39; P = .013). Players who sustained a lower-limb injury during their first season saw smaller improvements in sprint speed than players who did not get injured (d = 0.39; P = .035). Conclusion: Faster players experience higher injury incidence than slower players and may require specific prevention interventions. Players who experience a lower-limb injury during the playing season do not improve sprint speed between seasons to the same extent as players who do not get injured, highlighting the need for targeted high-speed running ability development as part of rehabilitation.
Comparative Analysis of Bacillus cereus Group Isolates' Resistance Using Disk Diffusion and Broth Microdilution and the Correlation between Antimicrobial Resistance Phenotypes and Genotypes
Authors: Mills Emma , Sullivan Erin , Kovac Jasna
Published: February 2022

Bacillus cereus
group includes human pathogens that can cause severe infections requiring antibiotic treatment. Screening of environmental and food isolates for antimicrobial resistance can provide insight into what antibiotics may be more effective therapeutic options based on the lower prevalence of resistance.
The AmiC/NlpD Pathway Dominates Peptidoglycan Breakdown in Neisseria meningitidis and Affects Cell Separation, NOD1 Agonist Production, and Infection
Authors: Chan Jia Mun , Hackett Kathleen T. , Woodhams Katelynn L. , Schaub Ryan E. , Dillard Joseph P.
Published: February 2022

The human-restricted pathogen
Neisseria meningitidis
, which is best known for causing invasive meningococcal disease, has a nonpathogenic lifestyle as an asymptomatic colonizer of the human naso- and oropharyngeal space.
N. meningitidis
releases small peptidoglycan (PG) fragments during growth. It was demonstrated previously that
N. meningitidis
releases low levels of tripeptide PG monomer, which is an inflammatory molecule recognized by the human intracellular innate immune receptor NOD1.
Omicron: What Makes the Latest SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern So Concerning?
Authors: Jung Christoph , Kmiec Dorota , Koepke Lennart , Zech Fabian , Jacob Timo , Sparrer Konstantin M. J. , Kirchhoff Frank
Published: February 2022

Emerging strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, that show increased transmission fitness and/or immune evasion are classified as “variants of concern” (VOCs). Recently, a SARS-CoV-2 variant first identified in November 2021 in South Africa has been recognized as a fifth VOC, termed “Omicron.” What makes this VOC so alarming is the high number of changes, especially in the viral Spike protein, and accumulating evidence for increased transmission efficiency and escape from neutralizing antibodies.
Draft Genome Sequence of Listeria innocua Strain MEZLIS29, Isolated from a Cow in South Africa
Authors: El Zowalaty Mohamed E. , Moura Alexandra , Lecuit Marc , Zishiri Oliver T.
Published: February 2022

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Listeria innocua
strain MEZLIS29, which was isolated from a healthy cow in Flagstaff, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The genome was sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform and had a length of 2,805,865 bp, with a G+C content of 37.5% and 2,783 coding DNA sequences, 58 tRNAs, 4 noncoding RNAs, and 8 rRNA genes.
Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of a Hypervirulent Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST17-KL38 Clinical Isolate Harboring the Carbapenemase IMP-4
Authors: He Jintao , Du Xiaoxing , Zeng Xi , Moran Robert A. , van Schaik Willem , Zou Quanming , Yu Yunsong , Zhang Jinyong , Hua Xiaoting
Published: February 2022

The combination of drug resistance and hypervirulence significantly limits the available treatment options for life-threatening infections caused by multidrug-resistant hvKP, especially CR-hvKP. To date, research on IMP-producing CR-hvKP is extremely scarce, and the virulence mechanisms of CR-hvKP are far more complicated and diverse than has been described in the literature so far.
Genomic Epidemiology Insights on NDM-Producing Pathogens Revealed the Pivotal Role of Plasmids on
bla
NDM
Transmission
Authors: Dong Huiyue , Li Yan , Cheng Jing , Xia Ziwei , Liu Wentian , Yan Tingting , Chen Fangfang , Wang Zhiqiang , Li Ruichao , Shi Jinjin , Qin Shangshang
Published: February 2022

To control the emergence and transmission of CRE, it is important to perform retrospective genomic investigations. It is important to evaluate the plasmid diversity, genetic environment, and evolutionary relationships of the
bla
NDM
-positive clinical strains in the early transmission stages.
Multiomics Reveals the Effect of Root Rot on Polygonati Rhizome and Identifies Pathogens and Biocontrol Strain
Authors: Pang Zhiqiang , Mao Xinyu , Xia Yong , Xiao Jinxian , Wang Xiaoning , Xu Peng , Liu Guizhou
Published: February 2022

Root (rhizome or tuber) reproduction is the main method for the agricultural cultivation of many important cash crops, and infected crop plants rot, exhibit retarded growth, and experience yield losses. While many studies have investigated medicinal plants and their functional medicinal compounds, the occurrence of root (rhizome) rot of plant and soil microbiota has received little attention.
Disequilibrium river networks dissecting the western slope of the Sierra Nevada, California, USA, record significant late Cenozoic tilting and associated surface uplift
Authors: Beeson Helen W. , McCoy Scott W.
Published: February 2022

The timing, rates, and spatial patterns of elevation change in the Sierra Nevada, California, USA, have long been the subject of vigorous debate owing to their importance in constraining the tectonic history of western North America and models of orogenesis. Here we present a systematic analysis of multiple measures of fluvial geomorphology along the entire length of the range and interpret these observations using 1-D and 2-D landscape evolution modeling based on the stream power fluvial erosion rule with the rate parameter calibrated from a large data set of millennial-scale erosion rates. We demonstrate that westward-draining rivers in the Sierra Nevada are in a disequilibrium state and that this state is consistent with the transient fluvial response expected from significant down-to-the-west tilting in the last 11 m.y. Assuming rigid-block tilting and using multiple independent measures of tilt magnitude, we find that the magnitude of surface uplift from late Cenozoic tilting appears to have been similar along strike and likely resulted in ~500–1300 m of surface uplift at the crest (0.3–0.8° tilt) from the Yuba through the Stanislaus rivers (~39.2–38.2°N) and 1000–1400 m of surface uplift at the crest (0.6–0.9° tilt) from the Tuolumne River south through the Kings River (~38.2–36.4°N). We show that the transient fluvial response to tilting in the northern Sierra is heavily modulated by heterogeneous lithology and drainage area exchange in a manner that reconciles the high spatial variability in basement incision observed in numerous prior studies. However, we find that heterogeneous lithology alone cannot explain both the transient state and observed patterns in channel steepness, which seem to require late Cenozoic changes in tectonic forcing. Beyond the regional implications of a short-lived rapid pulse of late Cenozoic surface uplift along the entire length of the range, our results demonstrate that a range-wide approach in which river networks are analyzed both in planform and profile can elucidate tectonic histories despite heterogeneous lithology and ongoing changes in network topology.
Influence of hydrostratigraphy on the distribution of groundwater arsenic in the transboundary Ganges River delta aquifer system, India and Bangladesh
Authors: Chakraborty Madhumita , Mukherjee Abhijit , Ahmed Kazi Matin , Fryar Alan E. , Bhattacharya Animesh , Zahid Anwar , Das Raja , Chattopadhyay Siddhartha
Published: February 2022

The Ganges River delta complex contains a transboundary aquifer system shared between India and Bangladesh. Although it serves as the main freshwater source for the population inhabiting the delta, the aquifer system is severely contaminated with arsenic (As). This study aimed to determine the control of the delta hydrostratigraphy on the regional-scale depth distribution of As within the aquifer system. We developed the first high-resolution, regional-scale, transboundary hydrostratigraphic model of the Ganges River delta and analyzed the patterns of As distribution as a function of the hydrostratigraphy. Model results indicate that, despite the presence of a single aquifer system across the delta, the hydrostratigraphy is spatially variable and can be architecturally divided into three distinct aquifer subsystems from northwest to southeast: a single, thick continuous aquifer (type I); a vertically segregated, semi-confined aquifer subsystem (type II); and a multilayered, nearly confined aquifer subsystem (type III). Results indicate that the spatial distribution of As is characteristically different in each subsystem. In the type I aquifer, As concentrations tend to be homogeneous at all depths, while in type II and type III aquifers, As concentrations sharply decrease with depth. The intervening aquitards in the type II and type III aquifer subsystems appear to act as natural barriers to infiltration of surficial As or organic matter–rich water to the deeper aquifer zones. This delineation of the regional-scale hydrostratigraphic architecture and resulting understanding of its plausible controls on the depth-distribution of As within the delta should significantly aid in the systematic framing of sustainable management plans for the As-safe aquifers within the Ganges River delta aquifer system.
A trans-Iapetus transform fault control for the evolution of the Rheic Ocean: Implications for an early Paleozoic transition of accretionary tectonics
Authors: Wu Lei , Murphy J. Brendan , Collins William J. , Waldron John W.F. , Li Zheng-Xiang , Pisarevsky Sergei A. , Halverson Galen P.
Published: February 2022

The Paleozoic era begins with the final assembly of Gondwana and ends with the amalgamation of the supercontinent Pangea. Although this tectonic progression is generally well documented, one fundamental but under-studied phenomenon during this era is the transition from two-way to one-way (northward) migration of peripheral terranes between Gondwana and Laurentia-Baltica from Cambrian to Ordovician time. The two-way terrane accretion was likely initiated during the opening of the Rheic Ocean at ca. 510 Ma when several Gondwana-derived terranes comprising Carolinia, Ganderia, Avalonia, and Meguma sequentially drifted from the northern margin of Gondwana and eventually collided with Laurentia or Baltica. Over the same time interval, the Laurentia-derived Cuyania terrane (a.k.a., the “Precordillera terrane” is commonly believed to have accreted to the proto-Andean margin of Gondwana, whereas the peri-Laurentian/Dashwoods ribbon continent separated from, then re-accreted to, the Laurentian margin after being trapped during the collision of the Taconic arc. Alternatively, the Cuyania terrane is suggested to have remained attached to the Ouachita Embayment throughout the Cambrian–Ordovician, and then passed onto Gondwana during the collision between the proto-Andean margin and the hypothesized Texas Plateau at the leading edge of Cuyania. Here we explain the enigmatic, pene-contemporaneous migration of these peripheral terranes by a trans-Iapetus transform fault that was likely active between 510 and 450 Ma and extended from the proto-Appalachian margin of Laurentia to the proto-Andean margin of Gondwana. The trans-Iapetus transform fault terminated after the respective accretion of Carolinia and Ganderia to the proto-Appalachian margin and of Cuyania to the proto-Andean margin. We interpret the development of the trans-Iapetus transform during the Cambrian–Ordovician to be a consequence of the global geodynamic transition from the break-up of Rodinia (continents/terranes drifting away from Laurentia) to Pangea amalgamation (continents/terranes drifting toward assembling Laurussia).
Late Mesozoic volcanism in the southern Xiong'er Mountains, eastern Qinling: Partial melting of the subducted Qinling crust underneath North China
Authors: He Jun , Zhang He , Qi Zeqiu , Wang Zhiyi , Chen Fukun
Published: February 2022

Volcanism along the continental margins is a powerful tool with which to probe the orogenic processes and crustal components underlying orogenic belts. In this study, we report the zircon ages and geochemical compositions of volcanic rocks exposed in the Luanchuan area, along the southern margin of the North China block. In previous studies, these volcanic rocks were reported to be products of Paleoproterozoic (ca. 1.75 Ga) volcanism related to rifting in the Xiong'er Mountains. Our zircon age data reveal that most volcanic rocks contain late Mesozoic zircon grains of magmatic origin, suggesting that Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous (ca. 150–120 Ma) volcanism must have occurred in the southern Xiong'er Mountains, coeval with emplacement of large granitoid plutons along the southern margin of the North China block. These late Mesozoic volcanic rocks mainly consist of trachyandesite, andesite, dacite, and rhyolite. They vary in their major-element compositions but are relatively uniform in their normalized patterns of trace and rare earth elements and have consistently enriched Nd isotopic compositions. Numerous inherited and/or xenocrystic zircon grains of mostly Paleoproterozoic and occasionally Neoproterozoic to early Mesozoic ages were found in all of the volcanic rocks, indicating complex magma sources and/or diverse crustal rocks overlying the magma chambers. The Paleoproterozoic zircon grains originated from the Paleoproterozoic volcanic and basement rocks in the southern North China block. Notably, some volcanic rocks contained early Mesozoic, early Paleozoic, and Neoproterozoic zircon grains of both metamorphic and magmatic origin that indicate derivation from the North and South Qinling blocks, which recorded thermo-tectonic events during the closure of the Shangdan and Mianlue oceans in the early Paleozoic and early Mesozoic. Therefore, we propose that these late Mesozoic volcanic rocks originated from partial melting of crustal rocks and are composed partly of the subducted basement of the Qinling orogenic belt underneath the southern Xiong'er Mountains due to asthenospheric upwelling in an extensional setting.
Time to normalisation of tissue transglutaminase in paediatric coeliac disease is dependent on initial titre and half of patients will normalise within 12 months
Authors: Ashton James John , Driscoll Kouros , Himsworth Joanna , Beattie Robert Mark , Batra Akshay
Published: February 2022

Background

Coeliac disease (CD) is common. Response to a gluten-free diet is assessed through serial measurement of tissue transglutaminase (TTG) antibody titre. However, the relationship of TTG titres to symptoms and the speed of normalisation is poorly understood.

Methods

Patients seen in 2020, and under follow-up in the Southampton CD clinic, had blood results, growth measures and symptom data collated. Time to normalisation, predictors of normalisation and relationship of TTG to growth/symptoms were assessed.

Results

57 patients were included. All had TTG results from the time of diagnosis and follow-up. All families reported dietary compliance.

Median TTG at diagnosis was 100 μ/L (range 0.3–4360), 94.7% of the patients had symptoms compatible with CD. At 6–12 months after diagnosis, the median TTG was 3.8 μ/mL (range 0.3–133). In terms of response, 29 of the 57 patients (50.9%) had a TTG below 4 μ/mL (upper normal limit). A further 25 patients (43.9%) had a TTG<10 times the upper limit of normal. Ten patients (17.5%) had a persistently high TTG (median=8.55 μ/mL, range 4.1–303) after >12 months.

TTG at diagnosis was correlated with TTG at 6–12 months, β=0.542, p=0.000016. Patients with TTG<10 times the upper limit of normal at diagnosis group were more likely to have normalised at 6–12 months compared with >10 times normal (85% vs 32.4%, p=0.0015). TTG titres did not correlate with growth measures (Z-scores) at diagnosis or at follow-up.

Conclusions

Normalisation of TTG levels occurs within 6–12 months for around half of patients. Higher TTG levels at diagnosis take longer to normalise. The role of compliance is unclear.
Live tubal ectopic pregnancy managed with localised injection of methotrexate into gestational sac
Authors: Wildblood Charlotte , Ding Jane , Aquilina Joe , Gbegbaje Mary
Published: February 2022

Ectopic pregnancy is a pregnancy outside the uterine cavity and is, in majority of cases, a non-viable pregnancy. There are multiple methods of managing patients with ectopic pregnancy including expectant, medical and surgical management. Live tubal ectopic pregnancies, also known as ectopic pregnancies present in the fallopian tube with fetal heartbeat still present, are most commonly treated via surgical route. This case outlines the presentation and an unusual method of management of a patient diagnosed with a live tubal ectopic pregnancy with extensive medical and surgical history.
Sinus venosus atrial septal defect and partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection in a patient with dextrocardia
Authors: Shimajiri Hiroto , Harada Yu , Kinoshita Mirai , Mikami Shinsuke
Published: February 2022

An 85-year-old woman presenting with symptomatic pulmonary hypertension (PH) with a history of dextrocardia was referred to our facility for treatment of heart failure. Significant shunting was detected by measuring oxygen saturation during right heart catheterisation (RHC). CT with contrast revealed sinus venosus atrial septal defect (SVASD) and partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC), in which the left upper and middle lobar pulmonary veins returned to the superior vena cava and right atrium. Despite medical treatment, the patient died, and an autopsy was performed. SVASD and PAPVC are rare congenital anomalies. RHC with measurement of oxygen saturation and CT with contrast should be considered in patients with unexplained right atrial and ventricular enlargement or suspected PH.
Vertebral artery dissection managed by interventional radiology
Authors: Mooney Nicole , White Laura M , Chandran Arun , Bonello Michael
Published: February 2022

A 21-year-old patient presented with sudden-onset headache, visual disturbance and left hand incoordination. She was diagnosed with a left vertebral artery dissection of the V3 segment resulting in multiple cerebellar and cerebral infarcts. There were no risk factors for dissection other than recent COVID-19 infection. She was treated initially with antiplatelets, followed by anticoagulation, but experienced recurrent ischaemia. Although guidance suggests endovascular repair may be beneficial for patients with cerebral artery dissection (CAD) who experience recurrent strokes on medical therapy, evidence is limited. After multidisciplinary team consideration of the individual patient anatomy and risks and benefits of different endovascular techniques, the patient was treated with endovascular coiling. At 10 months follow-up, she had no further strokes and improving neurological symptoms. The case highlighted COVID-19 as a potential trigger for CAD and the use of endovascular coiling in preventing catastrophic cerebral ischaemia in CAD refractive to medical therapy.
New generation psychological treatments in chronic pain
Authors: McCracken Lance M , Yu Lin , Vowles Kevin E
Published: February 2022

Chronic pain conditions are common and have a considerable impact on health and wellbeing. This impact can be reduced by cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), the most commonly applied psychological approach to chronic pain. At the same time, CBT continues to develop, and now includes what is sometimes called “third wave” CBT. In this review, we examine the evidence for application of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), a principal example of this new wave or latest generation of treatment approaches, in people with chronic pain. We identified 25 randomized controlled trials of ACT for adults with chronic pain. Across the included trials, small to large effect sizes favoring ACT were reported for key outcomes including pain interference, disability, depression, and quality of life. Evidence from three studies provided some support for the cost effectiveness of ACT for chronic pain. Evidence also supported the mediating role of theoretically consistent processes of change (psychological flexibility) in relation to treatment outcomes. Investigation of moderators and predictors of outcomes was limited and inconsistent. In future, a greater focus on process based treatments is recommended. This should include continued identification of evidence based processes of change, and research methods more suited to understanding the experience and needs of individual people.
Characteristics of transplant athletes competing at national and international transplant games
Authors: Hames Thomas , Leddington-Wright Sheila , Thake Charles Douglas , Price Mike
Published: February 2022

Objective

To describe the characteristics of athletes with solid-organ transplants (TxA) attending the British and World Transplant Games.

Methods

220 TxA completed an online survey to explore transplant history, medications, training advice and support and limitations to training.

Results

TxA were predominantly caucasian, male, kidney recipients in their mid-forties and approximately 11 years post-transplant. The majority of TxA took some form of medication (immunosuppressants 88%, steroids 47%, antihypertensives 47%, statins 28%, antiplatelets 26%, antibiotics/antivirals/antifungals 20%). Stem cell recipients were least likely to require medication. Post-transplant complications were experienced by 40% of TxA, with 53% of these being rejection. Although over half the participants (57%) initially received exercise or training advice post-transplant, only 34% of these received this from their consultants or immediate medical team. Only 1% had been specifically directed towards transplant sport. Half of the TxA (53%) perceived there were limitations preventing them from performing at their potential, 45% considered they did not recover from training as well as non-TxA while 29% felt they trained equally to non-Tx’s. Only 6% considered medication impaired training. TxA competed for a range of reasons from social and health benefits to winning medals.

Conclusions

TxA compete at the British and World Transplant Games for a diverse range of reasons. Athletes manage a range of medications with a range of exercise and health experiences pre-transplant. TxA face a lack of both general and specific exercise training and recovery guidance. The individuality of each TxA‘s background should be considered and is likely reflected in their exercise capacity and goals.