bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Humanización del cuidado en pacientes hospitalizados y aislados por Sars-cov-2 perspectiva teórica
Authors: Díaz Ospina Andrea , Zapata Castrillón Andrea Carolina , Cespedes Sanchez Isabel Cristina , Argaez Morales Leam Gilanny , Restrepo Quintero Sebastián , Torres Panesso Martha Cecilia
Published: July 2023

La pandemia generada por el SARS-CoV-2 efectuó grandes cambios en la humanidad, causando en los centros hospitalarios la necesidad de establecer estrictos protocolos para disminuir la probabilidad de contagio y ayudar a los pacientes positivos, haciendo que las intervenciones del personal de salud, especialmente de los profesionales de enfermería, requirieran ser adecuadas a la situación para favorecer la humanización del cuidado en los pacientes que fueron aislados en el ámbito hospitalario. Objetivo: identificar las intervenciones de enfermería que en tiempos de pandemia favorecieron la humanización del cuidado en pacientes hospitalizados aislados por SARS-CoV-2 a partir de la revisión documental. Metodología: el enfoque fue cualitativo documental, contemplando dos fases, descriptiva e interpretativa, seleccionando las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus, Scielo, ClinicalKey, Lilacs y el buscador Google Académico. La sintaxis de búsqueda se realizó con términos Desc y Mesh. La calidad de los artículos fue evaluada con la herramienta SRQR para estudios cualitativos y la guía STROBE para estudios observacionales y de enfoque mixto. Resultados: las intervenciones son fundamentadas principalmente en cuidados básicos, actividades procedimentales, educación al paciente cuidado, gestión del cuidado y, educación en salud al personal de enfermería, en consonancia con aspectos de humanización planteados por la teoría de Jean Watson. Conclusiones: en tiempos de pandemia se debe buscar, mantener y favorecer el cuidado de los pacientes a través de intervenciones de cuidado humanizado, aportando, desde el personal de enfermería, cuidados físicos y psicológicos, tanto a los pacientes como a sus familiares.
Comparativo de la mortalidad por deficiencias nutricionales entre personas mayores y menores de 50 años: Colombia y Argentina, 2010-2017
Authors: Cardona Arango Doris , Bedoya Mejia Sebastian , Peranovich Andrés , Rojas Cabrera Eleonora
Published: July 2023

Objetivo: comparar el riesgo de morir por deficiencias nutricionales en las personas de 50 años y más de edad, con respecto a los menores de 50 años, Colombia - Argentina. Método: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo con 21.479 registros de defunción con causa básica de mortalidad relacionada con la malnutrición; se realizó un análisis comparativo de las tasas ajustadas de mortalidad, utilizando el método directo y se calcularon proporciones. Resultados: el 91,1% de las defunciones en Argentina y el 73% de las de Colombia, fueron en mayores de 50 años; en cuanto al sexo los hombres colombianos tienen mayor riesgo que los argentinos en un 94,4% de morir y para el caso de las mujeres en un 42,8%. Conclusiones: estas muertes son prevenibles mediante políticas y programas de nutrición adecuados, es necesario seguir monitoreando la situación de mortalidad por deficiencias nutricionales en ambos países y tomar medidas para mejorar la nutrición de la población, especialmente de las personas más vulnerables.
Aproximación a la filosofía del lenguaje en Berkeley
Authors: Duque García Juan David
Published: July 2023

El texto intenta conocer las ideas más relevantes de Berkeley acerca del lenguaje. A pesar de que el autor no expresó de manera sistemática sus tesis respecto al lenguaje, si es posible rastrear referencias a este a lo largo de su obra. Estas alusiones son más que suficientes para “armar” una teoría berkeliana del lenguaje. Algunas ideas definitorias de la teoría son: la idea de que el lenguaje tiene más fines que la mera transmisión de conocimientos; la necesidad imperativa de expresarnos (hasta donde sea posible) con el lenguaje ordinario para evitar malos entendidos y creación de conceptos vacuos (como el de materia); la identificación de la verdad con el bienestar del hombre (que es instituido por Dios). Una mirada cercana al aspecto lingüístico de la obra de este filósofo permite ver rasgos no advertidos entre sus planteamientos y algunas filosofías contemporáneas como son el pragmatismo americano, el segundo Wittgenstein y la filosofía del lenguaje ordinario. De acuerdo con lo anterior, Berkeley se erige, eso sostenemos, como un precursor no reconocido y poco estudiado de lo que Rorty denomina “giro lingüístico”.
INDIANIDADE GENÉRICA E CIDADANIA COMUNICATIVA: A IDENTIDADE INDÍGENA NA ETNOCOMUNICAÇÃO RORAIMENSE
Authors: Araújo Bryan Chrystian da Costa , Maldonado G. Alberto Efendy
Published: July 2023

A proposta deste estudo é entender como o Movimento Indígena de Roraima, através de suas práticas de etnocomunicação, subverte a indianidade genérica como forma de superar um sentimento de subalternidade historicamente associado aos povos tradicionais no Brasil. Para tanto, na tentativa de refletir as dinâmicas de dominação e resistência engendradas através do espaço comunicacional e apontar as identidades culturais como formas de expressão da cidadania, toma-se como ponto de partida discussões sobre imperialismo midiático, cidadania comunicativa e processos de reconhecimento e identificação. Por último, a pesquisa pauta-se na realização de uma análise descritiva das estratégias de subversão da identidade indígena nas práticas etnocomunicativas do Conselho Indígena de Roraima (CIR), representante do movimento indígena na região. Como resultado, a pesquisa aponta que o termo “indígena” é apropriado pelas populações originárias como forma de referir-se a um movimento multiétnico que compartilha uma história e um projeto político comuns e que marcam sua existência enquanto sujeito cidadão.
TIMBRE COMO IDENTIDADE SONORA: UMA PROPOSTA DE SEMIOTIZAÇÃO
Authors: Shimoda Lucas Takeo
Published: July 2023

Comumente, define-se o timbre como uma propriedade acústica que identifica a fonte de um dado evento sonoro. Nos trabalhos incidindo sobre o tema, constata-se uma dupla estratégia de descrição timbrística: (i) descrição por nomeação; (ii) descrição por qualificação. Para operacionalizar semioticamente essa identidade sonora criada pelo timbre, foi empregado o conceito semiótico de figuratividade e de investimento sêmico. Esses conceitos foram articulados por meio do aparato analítico do esquematismo tensivo. O modelo desenvolvido logra abranger uma escala contínua de identidades timbrísticas, partindo do mais genérico ao mais específico. Essa escala pode ser segmentada em três grandes regiões de especificação: um grau mínimo, um grau intermediário e um grau máximo. No nível mínimo, o timbre é inespecífico e só permite a identificação de qualidades abstratas. No grau intermediário, encontram-se as descrições e categorizações de timbres em famílias, identificáveis por meio de seu membro mais prototípico. No último grau, encontram-se os timbres identificáveis a entidades únicas e exclusivas no mundo natural. Frequentemente, esses timbres são designados por antropônimos. Tais identidades timbrísticas são cristalizadas no âmbito do discurso e não da matéria. Os resultados estabelecem um modelo abstrato de descrição semiótica do timbre que transcende as diversas tipologias particulares de timbres.
Current Understanding of Dried Spots Platform for Blood Proteomics
Authors: Perpétuo Luis , Rocha Hugo , Ferreira Rita , Manadas Bruno , Amado Francisco , Guedes Sofia , Mahmoud Mannaa Atef , Vialaret Jerome , Hirtz Christophe , Vitorino Rui
Published: July 2023

Dry Blood Spots (DBS) have been used in combination with liquid chromatography-mass
spectrometry for targeted proteomics to identify sensitive and specific novel biomarkers. DBS presents
several advantages over other traditional blood sampling methods. This review discusses the
past, present and future of the technology, focusing on studies with clinical and population relevance.
Arguments for and against DBS are presented by discussing technological advances, particularly those
related to Mass Spectrometry (MS) and Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM), sample preparation issues,
disease biomarkers, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. There will be a focus on proteomic
studies that rely on DBS as a sampling method. In this context, numerous studies on the diagnosis
and treatment of several diseases. To date, proteomic reports of studies using DBS have shown that
DBS can facilitate diagnosis and prognosis. DBS offers several advantages that make it a viable option
for many fields. Moreover, some of its disadvantages can be easily overcome through automation to
increase reproducibility and reduce protocol variability and standardization of parameters such as the
volume of sample used. Within this context, here we propose to review the advantages and disadvantages
of using DBS for blood proteomics and provide an understanding of how current DBS-based
protocols are being conducted for future standardization and protocol optimization.
Nanocomposite Hydrogels: An Optimistic Insight Towards the Treatments of Ocular Disorders
Authors: Shah Shailvi , Patel Riya , Patel Gayatri
Published: July 2023

Background:

The distinct anatomy and physiology of the eye represent it as a specialized organ.
The noumenal physiological barriers, whose prominent role is to prevent the entrance of extracellular
substances, reduce the bioavailability of medicines taken locally. Nanocarriers offer many advantages,
such as site-specific drug delivery, reduced dose-related side effects, more drug loading capacity,
etc. Nanoparticles, nano micelles, Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs), Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
(SLNs), liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, microspheres, microemulsions, etc., have all undergone
significant analysis to overcome numerous static and dynamic obstacles.

Objective:

Among the several methods of delivering drugs, one of the most captivating and demanding
is ocular drug delivery (ODD). The intent of developing formulations for an extended period can be partially
achieved via thermoresponsive hydrogels. It is feasible to store fluids inside a cross-linked gel system
for efficient long-term administration owing to hydrogels, which are hydrophilic polymeric networks
with excellent three-dimensional structures and water or biological fluid absorption capacities.
Hydrogels can be incorporated into nanocarriers to achieve site-specific action and prolonged release.

Methods:

Related patents and research reports with various platforms like Science Direct, Springer,
PubMed, Google Scholar, Shodhganga, and Patseer were used to gather the data, and a search methodology
was availed.

Results:

The paper thoroughly summarizes the strategies for incorporating drugs with hydrogel into a
nanocarrier to provide sustained release and prolonged therapeutic effects. According to the comprehensive
review of literature and patents like (US2015374633A1), (US10980882B2), and
(WO2011018800A2), nanocarrier-loaded thermoresponsive hydrogels show promising results.

Conclusion:

Due to their propensity to alter state in reaction to temperature changes, thermoresponsive
hydrogels can improve medication bioavailability. Intervening nanocarriers loaded hydrogels directly
on the targeted site displays local intervention and site-specificity. Thus, the use of nanocarriers in ocular
drug delivery is encouraging.
Doping Induced Optical Band Gap Modification of Potassium
Dihydrogen Phosphate
Authors: Padmanabhan Vijeesh , Majeed Muneer Erikad , Kizhakkethil Shifa , Vijayakumar Arjun , Rajachandran Vineeth
Published: July 2023

Aim:

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) is an excellent nonlinear optical
material that has many potential applications, such as laser frequency conversion, Qswitches,
Pockels cells, 3-D optical data storage devices, etc. Doping enhances various optical
parameters of KDP. Doping changes in the absorbance and dopants such as aspartic
acid, succinic acid, glycine, and L-alanine improved the optical band gap of the sample.

Background:

KDP is a non-linear optic material that has many important applications.
Many researchers all over the world are trying to improve its optical properties.

Objective:

To synthesise pure KDP and KDP doped with aspartic acid, succinic acid, glycine,
and L-alanine. Also, to study the temperature stability of the grown samples using
TGA, DTA, and DSC analysis,

Method:

Growth from solution at low temperatures is used for the growth of crystals.
TGA, DTA, and DSC are used to analyse the stability of the samples against temperature
variations.

Results:

KDP crystals of good quality were grown using the slow cooling solution growth
technique. Determined their band gap using the Tauc Plot. Significant variations in the optical
bandgap are noticed. Also, the TGA, DTA, and DSC characterizations were done.

Conclusion:

KDP solution and grown crystals of good quality were synthesized. The variation
in the bandgap on doping is a significant result as the modifications in bandgap enable
the sample to be used in a more enhanced applications. Also, the doped samples were
stable for variations in temperature, like the pure KDP.
Features of maneuverable operation modes of nuclear icebreakers reactor installations when working in the Arctic
Authors: Korolev V. I.
Published: July 2023

It is noted that the requirements for the reactor installations of new atomic icebreakers of 22220, 10510, 10570 projects suggest an increase in safety (reliability), efficiency and maneuverability. At the same time, the maneuverability of reactor installations in specific features is limited and does not have an unambiguous connection with the maneuverability of the nuclear energy installation in general and rowing electric motors in particular. For this, the separate principle of controlling the reactor and steam turbine installation is implemented on the projects of atomic icebreakers. It is indicated that the development of new projects of atomic icebreakers with increased consumer properties requires processing the statistical information based on the results of the operation of atomic icebreakers of already implemented 10520, 10521, 10580 projects with various input terms and the duration of operation in the Arctic. This allows us to ensure the development of a reasonable approach when determining the operation of atomic icebreakers. It is noted that in order to compare maneuvering operating modes of reactor installations of individual icebreakers and the development of generalizing characteristics, information obtained from specific icebreakers is required. The collection of statistical data from the organized on all nuclear icebreakers and grouped materials are annually received for processing and generalization in the «OKBM Africantov». Assignment calculations are made on statistical information accumulated from 1975 to 2000 by the quantity and depth of change in reactors power when working in the Arctic conditions. A new approach to taking into account the number of equivalent cycles during maneuvering the reactor installation is proposed in the paper. In features of the existing approach with the determination of the above number of cycles in a new approach, the significance of the sublayer is taken into account by the impact on the reliability of the active zone. It is shown that this approach gives a more adequate assessment of the active zone resource expenditure during the campaign. The evaluation of the cycles density of the reactor installation power changing over the reporting period of time is also proposed. It is shown that at maneuverable operation of individual icebreakers there are an individual emphasis and increased maneuverable load of single-reactor icebreakers in relation to dual-reactor.
Experimental methods for assessing the materials quality of lining for the ship boilers combustion chambers
Authors: Zhukov A. V. , Ershova I. V.
Published: July 2023

Autonomous boilers, the most important element of which is the combustion chamber, are widely used in ship power plants. A necessary condition for a high resource of boilers and their trouble-free operation is the high quality of the lining of the furnace space, operating under variable thermal conditions. The quality of the material from which it is made has a decisive influence on the reliability of the lining. The methods of experimental research that can be used to assess the quality of materials for lining the furnace spaces of autonomous boilers are described in the paper. The methodology of conducting research using the method of equivalent materials is presented, laboratory installations for conducting vibroacoustic studies and modal analysis of spectrograms and thermal imaging studies of samples of lining materials are described. As a result of the research, information on the influence of conditions for the formation of equivalent materials samples on their thermophysical properties, spectrograms of the state of brickwork bricks made of various materials, thermal images of lining elements in a stationary temperature field at different locations on the heater is obtained. The results obtained indicate the expediency of using the proposed methods at all stages of the life cycle of autonomous boilers: when designing for a rational choice of lining materials taking into account operational factors, during manufacture and repair during operation to control the quality of materials used and detect hidden defects. In order to increase the effectiveness of the proposed experimental methods for assessing the quality of lining materials of boiler combustion chambers, it is necessary to expand the practice of their use, the accumulation of the results obtained and their statistical processing, which allows us to determine the error of the methods and improve laboratory installations.
Comprehensive assessment of the quality and efficiency of automated control systems
Authors: Goloskokov K. P. , Gubernatorov O. N. , Gubernatorov M. N.
Published: July 2023

The aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness of automated systems related to organizational and technical systems based on the implementation of a systematic approach to information technology. To achieve the goal it is necessary to solve the following tasks: to determine the main parameters of the systems functioning quality and choose the corresponding indicators of effectiveness. Theoretical foundations of a description of the process of evaluating the effectiveness of automated control systems are considered. The most commonly used criterion (term) is profit referred to costs, i. e., costs are taken as a criterion of cost-effectiveness. The fallacy of this criterion (this fraction) can be seen from the graph of the typical dependence of the system efficiency indicator on the total cost for solving the problem using this system. A rationale for the method of evaluating the effectiveness of complex systems, which include automated control systems, is given in the paper. It is shown that the modern system of providing automated control systems must be effective without disturbing the existing mode of operation. Thus, the automated system that solves the problem with a given efficiency at the lowest total cost is selected. Despite the fairly widespread use of the efficiency indicator in the form of a fraction (profit/cost), it is not appropriate to apply it, because these estimates do not include a comparison of different ways to achieve the goal. If it is necessary to choose from a number of competing enterprises it is necessary to compare all variants at decision-making on total efficiency, and then to compare these variants on effect. That is, the system that solves the problem with a given efficiency at the lowest total cost for the development of the system, its construction and operation is chosen. Comparative economic-effective assessment of competing automated systems allows you to get the best (rational) solution (the best structure, parameters and functional characteristics of the system) designed to implement a given task in certain external conditions.
Destruction mechanisms of epoxybased composite filled with metal powder under cavitation attack
Authors: Fiaktistov Ya. O. , Tsvetkov Yu. N. , Zaytseva N. S.
Published: July 2023

The samples of epoxy compound with a powder filler and without it are tested on cavitation wear. The powder of aluminum bronze BrAZhNMts9–4–4–1 is used as a filler. The powder is obtained by filing the rod of the bronze. The composition of the epoxy compound is 100 parts of the resin K‑153 plus 12 parts of the hardener (polyethylene epolyamine). The distribution of the bronze particles in the epoxy compound follows the law close to the exponential one, the average particle size is equal to approximately 27 μm, and the volume fraction of the bronze powder in the compound is about 9,5 percent. The tests are conducted using the ultrasonic magnetostrictve vibrator UZDN‑2T in fresh water of room temperature, the frequency and amplitude of the vibrator horn end equal to 22 kHz and 28 µm respectively. The distance between the horn end and the sample surface is 0,5 mm. During the experiments the wear of the samples is evaluated by their weighting on analytical scales with step-type indication of 0,1 mg, measuring the surface roughness and the microhardness of the bronze particles in the composite is carried out as well. It has been shown that the addition of the bronze particles into the epoxy compound not only changes the kinetics of cavitation wear of the polymer but also decreases its cavitation resistance. The decrease in cavitation resistance caused by bronze particles addition is attributed to the fact, that the boundary between a metal particle and epoxy matrix is a «weak» spot, and the destruction of polymer begins from this boundary area under cavitation attack.
Search for optimal shipping routes in the Arctic seas
Authors: Andreeva E. V. , Tezikov A. L.
Published: July 2023

A method for choosing optimal shipping routes and determining the conditions under which the Northern Sea Route can be used year-round is developed in the paper. The topic and purpose of the study are directly related to the tasks, the implementation of which is provided by the Development Plan of the Northern Sea Route, approved by the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation on August 1, 2022, confirmed by the financing program for the development and implementation of the digital board of the Northern Sea Route, approved by the Government in mid-January, 2023. The assessment of the current state of the network of shipping routes, navigation, hydrographic and hydro meteorological support, as well as the structure and composition of the Arctic icebreaker and transport fleet is given. The main factors affecting the implementation of the year-round navigation program in the eastern sector of the Arctic include severe ice conditions, unreliable forecasts of the ice situation, the lack of a sufficient number of icebreakers and transport vessels capable of overcoming thick ice fields in the Arctic shallow waters. Based on the results of the review of existing methods for determining safe and cost-effective shipping routes, the basic requirements for methods of choosing optimal routes in the waters of the Arctic seas have been developed. Using the method of multi-criteria evaluation of alternative routes according to a variety of safety criteria depending on the navigation period and the method of transport vessels navigation in ice is justified. A list of information necessary for implementation of the developed multi-criteria method for finding optimal routes and a list of the main stages of its implementation have been compiled. The results of testing the method of comparative evaluation of alternative routes using a set of simulation models are presented. Recommendations on the use of the developed method are given. The main directions of further research are determined.
Theoretical foundations of freeing ships from heavy ice conditions
Authors: Ershov A. A. , Boiarinov A. M. , Gakkel A. A.
Published: July 2023

The topic of the study is to prevent damage to the ships hulls when sailing in polar waters in severe ice conditions, which is a dangerous situation that threatens environmental pollution and possible death of the vessel, its passengers and crew. It is noted that the intensive development of ice navigation in the development of the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation and other polar waters requires the development and improvement of methods for freeing ships trapped in heavy ice. Navigation of vessels in severe ice conditions is accompanied by significant difficulties and dangers for the vessel, its passengers and crew. This situation can be significantly aggravated if, at a certain stage of navigation in ice conditions, heavy ice begins to move, leading to compression of the ice channel in which the vessel is located. At the same time, the risk of the vessel hull destruction, the creation of water leakage and the possible death of the vessel, its passengers and crew increases, as well as environmental pollution occurs. The theoretical foundations of freeing a vessel from severe ice conditions, based on the principles of rocking and pushing, as well as cutting ice, clamping the vessel, which have proven their effectiveness in other fields of science and technology, are discussed in the paper. The use of the vessel theory apparatus and the experience of ice-breaking assistance make it possible to substantiate the possibility of effective application of methods of rocking, pushing and chopping ice to release ships caught in severe ice conditions. The theoretical possibility of using combinations of the operation of the ballast system, cargo booms and cranes, special actions of the crew trapped in the ice of the vessel, as well as its interaction with icebreakers and other vessels for cutting the clamping ice, rocking and pushing, increasing the efficiency of freeing the vessel from severe ice conditions, is shown. The materials of the paper can be used to develop practical recommendations for freeing ships from heavy ice conditions independently and using icebreakers and other vessels.
Current trends of dangerous winds frequency variation in the western sector of the Russian Arctic in winter-spring period
Authors: Podporin S. A. , Kholoptsev A. V.
Published: July 2023

The current trends in interannual changes in the frequency of winds that pose a danger to navigation on shipping routes of the Barents and Kara Seas in the winter-spring months are identified in the paper. Winds are considered dangerous if their average hourly speed over the water surface exceeds 15 m/s. The factual material is based on information from the ERA5 global reanalysis. The research methodology involves the use of standard methods of mathematical statistics. Trends are assessed for the time periods of 2001–2021 and 2010–2021. The study has allowed us to identify the water areas of the Barents Sea, where in December, January, April and May, significant rising trends in the frequency of dangerous winds are presented. No similar trends during the months of the winter-spring navigation period are found in the water areas of the Kara Sea in the modern period. It has been established that in December storm risks exhibit rising trends on the waterways of the Barents Sea passing north of Cape Zhelaniya. At the same time, in the area of the Kara Strait and its approaches, the tendencies of changes in the frequency of dangerous winds are more favorable. In January, the wind regime in this strait, on the contrary, has a clear tendency to worsen. The persistence of the identified trends in the region under consideration in the future is not guaranteed. Therefore, further development of its observation network remains an urgent problem of hydrometeorological provision of navigation in the Barents and Kara seas.
The use of phase diagrams when choosing optimal routes in the waters of the Northern Sea Route
Authors: Andreeva E. V. , Tezikov A. L.
Published: July 2023

A method for choosing optimal shipping routes using phase diagrams is developed in the paper. The topic and purpose of the study is directly related to the tasks, the implementation of which is provided for by the Plan of the Northern Sea Route Development, approved by the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation on August 1, 2022, confirmed by the financing program for the development and implementation of the digital platform of the Northern Sea Route, approved by the Government in mid-January 2023. The assessment of the current state of the shipping routes network, navigation, hydrographic and hydro meteorological support is given. The use of the method of multi-criteria evaluation of alternative routes based on a variety of safety criteria depending on the depths, ice conditions, tightness of the water area and hydrographic study of the bottom relief is justified. The dependence of the safety criteria on the draft of the vessel, its icebreaking ability and maneuverable elements is established. A method of comparative assessment of shipping routes for settlement vessels according to four main criteria has been developed. A scheme for calculating quantitative safety indicators is proposed. A procedure for normalizing indicators has been developed. A three-level scale for assessing the safety of shipping routes has been introduced. A methodology for ranking shipping routes and culling the routes assessed as dangerous and forming a set of routes assessed as safe is proposed. The method was tested using a model of the passage of an Arc4 ice category vessel with a draft of 9 m along eight alternative routes of the East Siberian Sea. A set of phase diagrams of alternative routes constructed according to pairs of basic safety criteria is presented. The states of routes are analyzed with the application of the Pareto efficient solution rule to the selection of optimal routes. It is noted that the use of phase diagrams can be extended to a larger number of indicators affecting the efficiency and safety of vessels navigation. Recommendations on the use of the developed method are given. The main directions of further research are determined.
Hydraulic characteristics of the river flow and sediment transport conditions in the downstream pool of the hydroelectric complex
Authors: Gladkov G. L. , Rzhakovskaya P. S.
Published: July 2023

In this paper, the navigable section of the Svir River, located in the lower reaches of the Nizhne-Svirsky hydroelectric complex, is considered. Special in-situ observations were made in this section to study the hydraulic regime of the river flow under the conditions of unsteady water movement. The study has showed that the kinematic characteristics of the flow in the downstream pool vary with the distance from the site of the waterworks and depend on the regime of the discharge flows. The nature of the transformation of releases in the downstream under open channel and ice conditions has been studied. The values and intensity of changes in the main characteristics of the river flow during the propagation of the tail water wave in the lower reaches such as the nature of changes in the level regime and the slopes of the free surface on the hydraulic structures, the regime of water flow velocities, have been evaluated. The main hydraulic parameters of the river flow such as the values of the Froude number, the Chézy’s coefficient and the water flow modulus are determined. The character of changes in local and convective accelerations is studied and their contribution to the general value of energy losses along the stream length is evaluated. Numerical experiments make it possible to identify the peculiarities of sediment movement in conditions of unsteady water flow and to develop recommendations for modelling channel transformations in such conditions. It is found that during daily and weekly regulation of the river discharge, sediment transport is activated at the moment when a wave of daily water discharge is passing from the upstream reservoir of the hydroelectric power plant. At the same time, the basic parameters of sediment transport such as the speed of dune movement and sediment discharge increase in comparison with the stationary movement of the water.
Analysis of the existing regulations on certification and training of autonomous vessels operators
Authors: Lentarev A. A.
Published: July 2023

The development of autonomous navigation has reached a stage where the issue of creating a system for training specialists in the field of autonomous ship management and developing a regulatory framework that defines the requirements for methodological, personnel and logistical support for such training arises. A brief analysis of the available bibliographic sources on the topic of training operators of autonomous vessels is presented. The requirements of the procedures for the training and certification of autonomous ships operators contained in three regulatory documents published to date such as Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships. Principles and Code of Practice of the British Marine Industry Association, Regulations for the Classification of Offshore Autonomous and Remotely Operated Surface Vessels of the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping and Norwegian Register Standard are considered. A list of basic competencies necessary for the management of autonomous vessels has been formed. A significant part of the knowledge, skills and abilities that make up these competencies are acquired at the stage of training under programs for obtaining a professional seafarer diploma at the management level. The competencies of the autonomous vessel operator are formed on the basis of maritime competencies by adding additional knowledge, skills and abilities that reflect the specifics of the serviced autonomous vessels, equipment and apparatus used in a particular remote control center and navigation conditions in the serviced area. Additional competencies of the operator are largely related to other specialties (IT specialists, electromechanics, radio specialists). In the future, within the framework of the international regulation carried out by the IMO, in the training of autonomous ships operators, the approach underlying the training of ship traffic control systems operators can be used.
Research of the logistics sphere for combined cargoes delivery by the analytical methods
Authors: Izotov O. A.
Published: July 2023

In the article, on the example of planning and organizing container transportation of combined cargoes along the internal transport routes of Russia, a mathematical model and methodology for studying the logistics sphere of the processes under consideration are reviewed. The logistics of combined cargoes transportation can be represented as a continuous supply chain that does not have a material expression by itself, but forms some independent transport system that ensures the physical promotion of material flows and goods. Thus, the need for logistics is dictated by the necessity for a rational solution to a number of logistics tasks related to transportation. At the same time, the transport packaging of small consignments, which meets the principles of integrity and consistency of the process under consideration, not only dictates the forms and methods of attracting modes of transport to transportation, but also largely affects the theology of transportation and transshipment applied to such cargoes, and therefore the choice of the cargo delivery route. The specifics of such goods delivery to the consumer is that small shipments at one stage of transportation often lose the advantages inherent in container theologies due to the need for timely return of linear containers to the sea terminal. At the same time, there is a need for additional transshipment operations that ensure the transfer of batches of goods from one mode of transport to another, as well as the transportation of goods in enlarged cargo spaces formed on pallets together with other people’s cargo and a number of other independent factors. The described model considers the functioning of an unmanaged logistics environment, which is characterized by a significant set of random parameters. In such an environment, using an unpredictable number of transshipment and transportation technologies, the whole set of quantitative and qualitative indicators describing its activities is proposed to be expressed in points form.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of air heating of the icebreaker anti-icing device at the compressor inlet
Authors: Zhukov V. A. , Stepanov E. A. , Erofeev V. L.
Published: July 2023

Anti-icing devices that provide increased ice penetration are widely used on modern icebreakers. The devices based on the pneumatic pressurization of the icebreaker hull with air pumped by a special compressor are most common. When operating at low temperatures, there is a danger of compressor failure due to icing of the compressor intake tract. To protect the receiving path, it is necessary to increase the temperature of the air entering the compressor to safe values. Possible heating methods are recirculation of compressed air in the compressor and its heating in a special heat exchanger. A diagram of an anti-icing system that allows you to implement both methods of air heating is presented in the paper; the principle of its operation is described. An urgent problem of selecting the most preferred method of air heating is considered in the paper. As an evaluation criterion, it is proposed to use the energy costs necessary to ensure air heating, cooling parameters of modern internal combustion engines with a high level of boost and advanced engines. To solve this problem, an algorithm that takes into account the features of the operation of the anti-icing device compressor, the requirements for the temperature of the receiving air, the properties of heat carriers is proposed. The calculation method is based on the classical equations of thermodynamics and heat transfer. The results of the calculations performed allow us to compare the energy costs for ensuring an increase in air temperature to the required values when using various methods of heat supply. The conclusions drawn on the basis of the calculations carried out allow us to conclude that the most rational way to warm up the intake air of the compressor of the anti-icing device is the joint use of recirculation and a heat exchanger. A promising direction for improving anti-icing devices is the optimization of the temperature modes of the compressor operation, rationalization of the supplied heat distribution, automation of the control for the temperature regime of the pneumatic boost.
Brushless direct current motors with permanent magnets for marine electric drive systems: state and prospects
Authors: Vysotsky V. E.
Published: July 2023

The main trends in the development of designs, power semiconductor circuits and control systems of promising valve electromechanical converters — brushless DC motors with permanent magnets for marine electric drive and automation equipment, are discussed in the paper. A variant of their implementation in an adjustable electric drive is presented. The object of the study is a brushless direct current electromechanical system, including a synchronous machine with magnetoelectric excitation, covered by positional feedback through a dependent controlled valve switch, and the subject is structures, the circuit of the power part, control systems, the algorithm of functioning and characteristics. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the operational features, properties and possibilities of introducing brushless direct current motors with permanent magnets as marine electric drive systems of low and medium power. The results of research and development are embodied in experimental industrial samples. A variant with microprocessor control has been developed for marine electric drive systems. The switch is assembled on transistor switches that provide high reliability and enhance the functionality of the control system. The minimum necessary system of logical variables, ensuring the implementation of rational laws of switching and speed control, has been formed. Operational characteristics at various leading angles of switching on the switch valves are presented. The presence of pole shoes at the poles introduces significant features in the patterns of their change. The main advantages and features of the proposed design and circuit solutions are formulated in the conclusions. It is indicated that valve motors with excitation from permanent magnets are the most promising solution in terms of integrating an electromechanical converter into an adjustable marine electric drive of a range of small and medium capacities.Engines of this type are structurally simple and reliable, have rigid natural mechanical characteristics, do not require energy for excitation, have a large overload capacity and high speed in transients. Their distinctive feature is the high specific moment.
Cold brittleness of metals as a structural multistage dislocation process
Authors: Chernov V.M.
Published: July 2023

The cold brittleness of metals under conditions "before --- during --- after" irradiation in nuclear and thermonuclear reactors is considered. The conditions and mechanisms of cold brittleness are determined depending on the type of their crystal lattices, structures, physical and mechanical properties and external influences (temperature, stress, reactor irradiation). The mechanisms of cold brittleness are dislocational and define cold brittleness as a structural multistage process. Stress relaxation at the front of a subcritical crack stops its growth (cold brittleness is not formed). The stacking fault energy of the metal determines the critical level of stress for the beginning of its relaxation by mechanical twinning at the crack front (external stress concentrator). In irradiated metals (cold-brittle "before" irradiation), the temperature range of cold-brittleness expands. "During" irradiation, cold brittleness is not formed. Keywords: alloys, steels, low temperatures, reactor irradiation, crack nucleation, brittle fracture, stages, mechanisms.
Creation of GaMnAs ferromagnetic semiconductor by combined laser method
Authors: Vikhrova O. V.  , Danilov Yu. A  , Zdoroveishchev D. A.  , Kalentyeva I. L.  , Kudrin A. V.  , Lesnikov V. P.  , Nejdanov A. V.  , Parafin A. E.
Published: July 2023

GaMnAs layers made by pulsed laser deposition in vacuum on semi-insulating GaAs substrates have been studied. During the creation of the structures, the substrate temperature varied in the range from 200 to 350oC, and the thickness of the layers was ~ 50 nm. Samples of the manufactured structures were annealed by pulses of an excimer KrF-laser. The analysis of the Raman scattering spectra of annealed samples using their approximation by Lorentz functions showed, in addition to peaks in the LO- and TO-GaAs modes, the presence of a coupled phonon-plasmon mode. As a result of annealing, a significant increase in the hole conductivity of the layers is observed (the resistance decreases from Rs~107-109 Ω to Rs~ 900-3000 Ω). The type of magnetic field dependence of magnetization at room temperature changes significantly: there is a transition from a nonlinear characteristic with a hysteresis loop for the initial sample (appearing due to the presence of MnAs compound inclusions with a Curie temperature above room temperature) to a linear behavior for the annealed sample. The study of galvanomagnetic properties at temperatures from 10 to 150 K shows the existence of ferromagnetism in GaMnAs layers with a Curie temperature reaching 90 K. The observed effects allow us to conclude that the applied pulsed laser action leads to modification (dissolution) of MnAs inclusions, electrical activation of Mn and, as a consequence, to the formation of a single-phase ferromagnetic semiconductor GaMnAs. Keywords:: pulsed laser deposition, pulsed laser annealing, ferromagnetic semiconductor.
Influence of excitation conditions in an alternating field on kinetic and dielectric characteristics intercalated compounds Ag-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-MoSe-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-
Authors: Pleshchev V. G.
Published: July 2023

Using the technique of impedance spectroscopy, data on the effect of the magnitude of the variable signal and the constant bias on the kinetic characteristics of the AgxMoSe2 samples were obtained. The effect of temperature on the parameters of the impedance spectra of the studied compounds and on their dielectric characteristics, which were analyzed within the framework of the electrical modulus formalism, is also shown. Keywords: impedance, intercalates, molybdenum diselenide, silver, permittivity, electric modulus.
In situ investigation of the mechanism of propagation of Portevin-Le Chatelier deformation bands
Authors: Shibkov A. A.  , Zolotov A. E.  , Gasanov M. F.  , Denisov A. A.  , Koltsov R. Yu.
Published: July 2023

Based on the analysis of high-speed video data of propagating deformation bands in an aluminum-magnesium alloy, it was found that the movable deformation band contains an excess of dislocations of one mechanical sign, and the main mechanism for the propagation of the localized plastic deformation front along the sample axis is a relay transmission of sliding in the antiparallel direction to relax the bending moment created by the primary deformation band. It is shown that the "instantaneous" rate of plastic deformation during ~1 ms in the growing band reaches a value of ~103 s-1, comparable to the rate of deformation during shock tests. Keywords: intermittent deformation, vocalization, dislocations, mechanical charge, aluminum-magnesium alloy.
A Comparative Study: Modisco and Acupressure for Weight Gaining Toddler
Authors: Widowati Hesty , Hanum SMF , Widanti Herista Novia , Rizqiyah Mar`Ati Amalia
Published: July 2023

Background: Inappropriate practice of feeding and complementary foods is one of the causes of malnutrition in children in Indonesia. Providing additional food such as Modisco (Modified Dietetic Skimmed Milk and Coconut Oil) can be an effort to improve the nutritional status of toddlers, besides acupressure therapy can increase appetite so that it can increase the child's weight.

Objective: This study aims to determine the difference in the effectiveness of the combination of Modisco and acupressure with only Modisco on increasing toddler’s  weight.

Methods: This study used a Quasy Experiment group design with a Pre and Post Test Control Group Design approach. The inclusion criteria were children aged 1-5 years, included in the thin category and did not have heart, liver, and kidney disease. The sample was selected by purposive sampling as many as 30 toddlers who were divided into 2 groups with the provision that group I amounted to 15 toddlers were given complementary foods made from modisco II for 14 days and acupressure 6 times (2 times a week for 3 weeks), while group II amounted to 15 toddlers are only given complementary foods made from modisco II for 14 days. Statistical test using Paired sample T Test.

Results: In group I, there was a difference in the average weight of children under five before and after the intervention with p value = 0.001 (p < 0.005), meaning that the combination of modisco and acupressure can increase body weight in toddlers. In group II, there was a difference in the average weight of children under five before and after the intervention with a p value = 0.003 (p < 0.005), which means that modisco can increase body weight in toddlers.

Conclusion: From the results of the difference in the average weight of group I and group II with a value of p = 0.013, it means that there is no significant difference between the groups given the combination of modisco plus acupressure and the modisco group on the weight gain of toddlers.