bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Restrictive-prescribing Stewardship on Antibiotic Consumption in Primary Care in China: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis, 2012-2017
Authors: Wang Xuemei , Tang Yuqing , Liu Chenxi , Liu Junjie , Cui Youwen , Zhang Xinping
Published: July 2020

Background:The overuse of antibiotics has been a major public health problem worldwide, especially in low- and middle- income countries (LMIC). However, there are few policies specific to antibiotic stewardship in primary care and their effectiveness are still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a restrictive-prescribing stewardship on antibiotic consumption in primary care so as to provideevidence-based suggestions for prudent use of antibiotics.Methods:Monthly antibiotic consumption data were extracted from Hubei Medical Procurement Administrative Agency (HMPA) system from Sept 1, 2012, to Aug 31, 2017. Quality Indictors of European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption (ESAC QIs) combined with Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification codes and DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID) methodologywere applied to measure antibiotic consumption. An interrupted time series analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of restrictive-prescribing stewardship on antibiotic consumption.Results: Over the entire study period, a significant reduction (declined by 32.58%) was observed in total antibiotic consumption, which declined immediately after intervention (coefficient=-2.4518, P=0.005) and showed a downward trend (coefficient =-0.1193, P=0.017).Specifically,the use of penicillins, cephalosporins and macrolides/lincosamides/streptogramins showed declined trends after intervention (coefficient=-0.0553, P=0.035; coefficient=-0.0294, P=0.037; coefficient=-0.0182, P=0.003, respectively). An immediate decline was also found in the contribution of β-lactamase-sensitive penicillins of total antibiotic use (coefficient=-2.9126, P=0.001). However, an immediate increase in the contribution of third and fourth-generation cephalosporins (coefficient=5.0352, P=0.005) and an ascending trend in the contribution of fluoroquinolones (coefficient=0.0406, P=0.037) were observed after intervention. The stewardship led to an immediate increase in the ratio between broad- and narrow-spectrum antibiotic use (coefficient=1.8747, P=0.001) though they both had a significant downward trend (coefficient=-0.0423, P=0.017; coefficient=-0.0223, P=0.006, respectively). An immediate decline (coefficient=-1.9292, P=0.002) and an ascending trend (coefficient=-0.0815, P=0.018) were also found in the oral antibiotic use after intervention, but no significant changes were observed in the parenteral antibiotic use. Conclusions:Restrictive-prescribing stewardship in primary care was effective in reducing total antibiotic consumption, especially use of penicillins, cephalosporins and macrolides/lincosamides/streptogramins. However, the intervention effects were mixed. Stronger administrative regulation focusing on specific antibiotics, such as the third and fourth-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, broad-spectrum antibiotics and parenteral antibiotics, is in urgent need in the future.
Health-related Quality of Life and Its Influencing Factors for Middle and Old Aged Patients with Hypertension: Evidence from Rural Shandong Province, China
Authors: Liu Xiaohan , Bai Guannan , Li Hui , Li Shunping
Published: July 2020

Abstract:
Purpose: Hypertension is a growing public health problem in China; however, little is known about health-related quality of life (HRQoL) especially health state utility (HSU) of patients with hypertension in rural China. This study aimed to examine the HSU as measured by SF-6D and to investigate its associated factors among middle and old aged patients with hypertension in rural China.
Methods: Data were collected from twelve villages in Shandong Province in 2016. SF-36 was administrated to measure HRQoL of middle and old aged patients with hypertension and was converted to the SF-6D values using Hong Kong’s tariff. Descriptive analyses, including demographic characteristics, socio-economic status, and utility, were stratified by hypertension classification. Multiple linear regression models were applied to assess the associated factors of HSU.
Results: A total of 933 old adults participated in the study. The mean age of the respondents was 69.1 (SD=8.2) years old and about 40% were male. Almost one-third of respondents were classified as normotensive and around 45% were in stage I, 26.4% were above the stage II. The mean score of SF-6D utility score was 0.743 (SD: 0.14, range: 0.32-1.00, median: 0.756, Interquartile range:0.634-0.859). The influencing factors of utility for hypertension patients in China included gender, age, marital status, education, household income, health expenditure, and comorbid diseases.
Conclusion: Our study presented the utility values of SF-6D among patients with hypertension in a large, representative sample in rural areas, China. We found gender, occupation, health expenditure, household income, comorbidities, and hypertension stage were associated with higher/lower health utilities. SF-6D is capable to measure the quality of life of hypertensive patients in a community sample in China.
Keywords: Health utility; Hypertension; Preference-based measure Quality of life; SF-6D
Children with Early Sexual Maturation Exhibit Changes in Dairy and Soybean Consumption: A 6-Year Nationwide Study
Authors: Nguyen Ngan Thi Kim , Fan Hsien-Yu , Huang Shih-Yi , Hou Jia-Woei , Yang Chen , Chen Yang Ching
Published: July 2020

BackgroundEarly sexual maturation (ESM) is associated with behavioral disorders in adolescence and hormone-related cancers in adulthood. Dietary pattern (DP) has been noticed in association with ESM. However, to our knowledge, no study has shown that association between DP derived from reduced-rank regression (RRR) and ESM, and whether ESM influences tracking dietary habit in children. This study was therefore to examine the prospective association between childhood dietary pattern (DP) and ESM, and whether ESM influenced children’s dietary habit during 6 years of pubertal growth.MethodsThis longitudinal study, using the Taiwan Children Health Study cohort, included 2593 peripubertal children aged 11.1 ± 0.3 years in 2011. DPs were derived by factor analysis (FA) and reduced-rank regression (RRR) methods from food frequency questionnaires. ESM was assessed in 2012 at age 12.1 ± 0.3 years. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between DP scores and ESM (n = 2593). The change in DP scores between 2011 and 2017 was obtained by comparing baseline DP scores with those participants who completed the final assessment (n = 1018).ResultsAt baseline, 3 DPs (dairy–soybean, traditional, and vegetarian diet) were identified using FA. Children with FA-derived dairy–soybean diet had a significantly higher risk of ESM (females: odds ratio [OR] = 1.58, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07, 2.32; P = 0.02; males: OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.86; P = 0.01) after adjusting for parent education, family income, fat percentage, total energy intake, and screen time. RRR-derived DPs yielded similar associations. Children who experienced ESM exhibited a significantly higher decrease in DP scores of “dairy–soybean diet” than did children without ESM over a 6-year period. Children with ESM were prone to resume “traditional diet” after completing pubertal growth.ConclusionsAdherence to “dairy–soybean diet” in childhood were associated with ESM; therefore, children undergoing pubertal growth should be advised on appropriate levels of dairy and soybean consumption, even after completion of pubertal growth.Data Share StatementData described in the manuscript, code book, and analytic code will be made available upon request pending either before or after publication for checking through contact with the authors by emails.
Anxiety and Emotional-Behavioral Problems of Adolescents in China: Evidence for A Serial Mediation Model of Alexithymia and Dependency
Authors: Liang Lijuan , Zhu Wei , Yang Juan , Wang Fei
Published: July 2020

Background: High prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems among Chinese adolescence has been reported. This study seeks to investigate the mediating effect of alexithymia and dependency on anxiety and emotional-behavioral problems among adolescents.The study focused a serial mediation model of alexithymia and dependency adolescents from Haikou, China.Methods: The study population included 519 adolescents. The assessments included the completion of standardized scales such as the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale (MASC), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Independent-sample t-tests, bivariate correlation, and serial mediation analyses were performed using SPSS23.0.Results: Bivariate analyses revealed that anxiety, emotional-behavioral problem, alexithymia, and dependency were positively correlated. Alexithymia and dependency play a significant role in mediating the effect of multidimensional anxiety on emotional-behavioral problems. The effects of the three mediating paths were 69.86%,17.81% and 12.33% for paths 1, 2 and 3 respectively.Conclusions: Anxiety and emotional-behavioral problems mediate the relationship between alexithymia and dependency.
Premedication with parecoxib sodium for reduction of propofol injection pain: a randomized placebo-controlled trial
Authors: gu xiaoxia , Huang Weiming , Wang Jingjing , Lu Yue , Chen Jinxian , Zhang Liangqing
Published: July 2020

Background

To compare the effect of premedication with two different doses of parecoxib sodium to prevent pain at propofol intravenous injection.

Methods

We conducted a double-blind randomized controlled trial in which patients scheduled for induction of general anesthesia with intravenous propofol received either a placebo, 20 mg or 40 mg of parecoxib sodium (P20 and P40, respectively) 30min prior to induction. 2mg/kg of propofol was injected at a rate of 600 ml/hr. After 1/4 of the full dose had been injected, the syringe pump was paused, and patients were asked to rate pain at the injection site using a verbal numerical rating score (VNRS) from 0 to 10.

Results

Three hundred and twenty-four patients were included. Pain intensity was lower in both P20 and P40 groups (median VNRS [interquartile range] = 2 [0–3] and 4 [3–6], respectively) than in the placebo group (8 [7–10]; P < 0.001)*. The rate of pain was lower in the P40 group (62.9%) than in both the P20 and the placebo group

(87.0 and 98.2%, respectively; P < 0.001)*. The respective rates of mild (VNRS 1–3), moderate (VNRS 4–6) and severe pain (VNRS 7–10) were 46.1, 22.3 and 0% in the P40 group, 29.7, 55.4 and 8.5% in the P20 group, and 0, 24.2 and 77.8% in the placebo group (P < 0.001* for between group comparisons). Tolerance was similar in the 3 groups.

Conclusions

A premedication with parecoxib sodium can dose-dependently reduce pain at propofol intravenous injection. To avoid this common uncomfortable concern for the patients, this well-tolerated, available and cheap treatment appears as an option to be implemented in the current practice.
Comparison of the predictive value of progesterone-related indicators for pregnancy outcomes of women undergoing the short-acting GnRH agonist long protocol: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhang Yangyang , Xu Yang , Wang Yuqiong , Xue Qing , Shang Jing , Yang Xiuli , Shan Xuemin
Published: July 2020

Background
There are many progesterone (P) elevation-related indicators for predicting pregnancy outcomes, including serum P, P-to-oestradiol ratio (P/E2), P-to-follicle index (PFI), and P-to-mature oocyte index (PMOI); however, due to inconsistencies in study populations and controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) protocols among studies, these indicators are controversial. Moreover, no researchers have included these four commonly used indicators in one study to compare their predictive efficacies. The objective of this study was to compare the predictive value of P-related indicators for pregnancy outcome of women undergoing the short-acting GnRH agonist long protocol.
Methods
A total of 612 infertile women undergoing IVF/ICSI were recruited for this study. Serum samples were obtained on the morning of HCG injection for serum P and E2 measurements. Transvaginal ultrasound was performed to determine the follicle count (≥ 14 mm). The number of mature oocytes was observed in the embryo laboratory after oocyte retrieval.
Results
In cases of P < 2.5 ng/ml, there was no significant difference in the serum P level or P/E2 between the pregnant group and the non-pregnant group. The PFI and PMOI of the pregnant group were significantly lower than those of the non-pregnant group. According to the stratified analysis of the ovarian response, only the PMI and PMOI of the pregnant women in the normal ovarian response group were lower than those of the non-pregnant women. In order to compare the predictive value of the PFI and PMOI in IVF/ICSI outcomes, patients were divided into four groups. The good-quality embryo rate and clinical pregnancy rate were highest in Group A (low PFI and low PMOI) and lowest in Group D (high PFI and high PMOI). In the two groups with discordant PFI and PMOI, namely, Group B (low PFI and high PMOI) and Group C (high PFI and low PMOI), the good-quality embryo rate and clinical pregnancy rate were not significantly different.
Conclusions
PFI and PMOI had equal value in predicting clinical pregnancy outcomes in the normal ovarian response group undergoing the short-acting GnRH agonist long protocol. Each clinical centre can choose one of the indicators according to their actual situation in clinical practice.
Genome Wide Characterization and Comparative Analysis of Simple Sequence Repeats in Cucurbita Genomes
Authors: Zhu Lei , Zhu Hua yu , Li Yan man , Wu Xiang bin , Li Jin tao , Zhang Zhen li , Wang Yan jiao , Hu Jian bin , Yang Sen , Li Yong qiang , Sun Shou ru , Yang Lu Ming
Published: July 2020

Background The Cucurbita genus contains important economic crops in the world, while limited molecular markers have been developed in the past years. Simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers are powerful tools for the study of genetic mapping construction, genetic diversity analysis and genome wide association. The availability of pumpkin genome information has made it possible to analyze SSRs in genome wide across three Cucurbita species. Results In this paper, based on the whole genome sequences, 34,375 SSR loci were found in C. moschata, 30,577 SSR loci were found in C. maxima and 38,104 SSR loci were found in C. pepo. C. pepo has the maximum density of SSRs with an average of 145 SSR/Mb. In general, the frequency in total SSR loci decreased with the increase of the motif length, dinucleotide motifs were the most common motifs in the three species, and for the same repeat types, the SSR frequency decreased sharply with the increase of the repeat number. Most of those SSR loci were suitable for marker development (84.75% in C. moscata, 94.53% in C. maxima and 95.09% in C. pepo). Based on those markers, we compared and analyzed the cross-species SSR markers between C. pepo and other Cucurbitaceae species by silico-PCR. Using these cross-species primers, the high collinear relationships between C. pepo and the other two species were detected, respectively. Furthermore, the application of SSR markers in genetic diversity analysis was tested in C. pepo, the results showed that they were good tools to be used in genetic diversity analysis. Conclusion In this study, the genome wide SSR markers were detected from three Cucurbita species, and some of their applications were proved by comparative genomics and genetic diversity analysis. The large number of genome-wide SSR markers and crossspecies markers would promote the basic and applied studies of Cucurbita species, such as gene mapping, QTLs mapping, comparative genomics and marker-assisted breeding.
Concurrence of talaromycosis and Kaposi sarcoma in a HIV-infected patient: A case report
Authors: Su Feifei , Miao Xingguo , Ye Hui , Yang Shoufeng
Published: July 2020

Background: Concurrence of talaromycosis, an opportunistic infection caused by fungal pathogen Talaromyces marneffei and Kaposi sarcoma, the most common neoplasm in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has only been rarely reported. Despite poor clinical outcomes, clinical characteristics and management of these concurrent diseases in HIV-infected patients has not been described.Case presentation: A 33-year-old, HIV-positive male patient presented to the Department of Infectious Diseases at Wenzhou Central Hospital with cough, sputum expectoration, hemoptysis, rashes on the feet and violaceous plaques in the oral cavity. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed bilateral nodular, patchy shadows and lymphadenectasis. Skin biopsy and histopathological examination suggested Kaposi sarcoma. Talaromyces marneffei was isolated from blood cultures and supported talaromycosis. The patient presented significant resolution of symptoms following chemotherapy for Kaposi sarcoma and antifungal treatment for talaromycosis.Conclusions: Severe medical conditions such as Kaposi sarcoma and talaromycosis may coexist in HIV-infected patients, posing a high mortality risk. Etiological diagnosis and specifically directed treatment are vital for successful management of HIV-infected patients who develop these comorbid diseases
Intervention strategies with 2D cellular automata for testing SARS-CoV-2 and reopening the economy
Authors: Lugo Igor , Alatriste-Contreras Martha G.
Published: July 2020

During the period of time between a new disease outbreaks and its vaccine is deployed, the health and the economic systems have to find a testing strategy for reopening activities. In particular, asymptomatic individuals, who transmit locally the covid-19 indoors, have to be identified and isolated. We proposed a 2D cellular automaton based on the SI epidemic model for selecting the most desirable testing frequency and identifying the best fitting size of random trails on local urban environments to diagnose SARS-CoV-2 and isolate infected people. We used the complex systems approach to face the challenge of a large-scale test strategy based on urban interventions, starting with first responders and essential workers. We used the case of Mexico to exemplify a credible and intelligent intervention that reduces the virus transmission and detects economic and health costs. Findings suggest that controlling and stopping the virus transmission in a short period of time are possible if the frequency of testing is daily and the percentage of random samples to be tested is at least 90%. This combination of model parameters represents the least expensive intervention compared to others. Therefore, the key for a national testing-isolating strategy is local interventions.
An Efficient Data Imputation Technique for Human Activity Recognition
Authors: Pires Ivan Miguel , Hussain Faisal , Garcia Nuno M. , Zdravevski Eftim
Published: July 2020

The tremendous applications of human activity recognition are surging its span from health monitoring systems to virtual reality applications. Thus, the automatic recognition of daily life activities has become significant for numerous applications. In recent years, many datasets have been proposed to train the machine learning models for efficient monitoring and recognition of human daily living activities. However, the performance of machine learning models in activity recognition is crucially affected when there are incomplete activities in a dataset, i.e., having missing samples in dataset captures. Therefore, in this work, we propose a methodology for extrapolating the missing samples of a dataset to better recognize the human daily living activities. The proposed method efficiently pre-processes the data captures and utilizes the k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) imputation technique to extrapolate the missing samples in dataset captures. The proposed methodology elegantly extrapolated a similar pattern of activities as they were in the real dataset.
Effect of water on carbonate-silicate liquid immiscibility in the system KAlSi3O8-CaMgSi2O6-NaAlSi2O6-CaMg(CO3)2 at 6 GPa: Implications for diamond-forming melts
Authors: Shatskiy Anton , Arefiev Anton V. , Podborodnikov Ivan V. , Litasov Konstantin D.
Published: July 2020

To clarify the effect of water on carbonate-silicate liquid immiscibility in the diamond stability field, we performed experiments in the system KAlSi3O8-CaMgSi2O6-NaAlSi2O6-CaMg(CO3)2 under nominally dry and hydrous conditions by adding 1.5 wt% H2O at a pressure of 6 GPa and temperatures of 1000 to 1500 °C. Both systems start to melt at 1050–1100 °C. Under anhydrous condition the melting occurs via the following reaction: 6KAlSi3O8 (K-feldspar) + 6CaMg(CO3)2 (dolomite) = 2(Can,Mg1-n)3Al2Si3O12 (garnet) + Al2SiO5 (kyanite) + 11SiO2 (coesite) + 3 K2(Ca1-n, Mgn)2(CO3)3 (carbonatitic melt) + 3CO2 (fluid and/or liquid), whereñ 0.3–0.4. The carbonatitic melt has the following composition 38(K0.92Na0.08)2CO3⋅62Ca0.62Mg0.38CO3. A second immiscible silicic melt containing (in wt%, volatile free) SiO2 = 68.8, Al2O3 = 12.6, CaO = 3.7, MgO = 2.4, Na2O = 1.1, and K2O = 11.3 appears at 1250 °C. Both melts remain stable up to 1500 °C and coexist with the clinopyroxene ± garnet ± coesite residue. In the presence of water stored away in phengite, the melting begins with silicic melt, which contains (in wt%, volatile free) SiO2 = 61.4, Al2O3 = 15.3, CaO = 4.8, MgO = 3.0, Na2O = 2.2, and K2O = 13.3, and coexists with phengite, dolomite, clinopyroxene, and coesite. The phengite + dolomite assemblage remains to 1100 °C and disappears at 1200 °C producing two immiscible melts carbonatitic with approximate composition, 19(K0.89Na0.11)2CO3⋅81Ca0.57Mg0.43CO3, and silicic containing (in wt%, volatile free) SiO2 = 63.3, Al2O3 = 15.6, CaO = 4.5, MgO = 3.0, Na2O = 2.0, K2O = 11.6. The present results imply that partial melting of continental material subducted to a depth of 200 km can yield simultaneous formation of two immiscible melts, K-dolomitic and K-aluminosilicate. Under dry conditions, carbonatitic melt appears earlier (at a lower temperature). Given the low density and high mobility of this melt, it must rapidly percolate upward, leaving a refractory eclogite-like residue and leaving no chance for the formation of a second aluminosilicate melt. However, under hydrous conditions silicate melt appears earlier than carbonatitic melt, leaving a phengite- and dolomite-bearing residue, which finally yields the formation of two immiscible silicic and carbonatitic melts. The compositions of these melts fall in the compositional range of carbonatitic and silicic high-density fluids (HDFs) in diamonds worldwide. Thus, we suggest that the presence of water is a necessary requirement for the formation of immiscible HDFs inclusions in diamonds, and this suggestion is strongly supported by natural data from HDFs.
Major and trace element composition of olivine from magnesian skarns and silicate marbles
Authors: Nekrylov Nikolai , Plechov Pavel Yu. , Gritsenko Yulia D. , Portnyagin Maxim V. , Shcherbakov Vasily D. , Aydov Vasily A. , Garbe-Schönberg Dieter
Published: July 2020

Olivine is a major rock-forming mineral in various magmatic and metamorphic rocks and the upper mantle. In this paper, we present the first high-precision analyses of olivine from 15 samples of magnesian skarns and silicate marbles (MSSM) from the collection of the Fersman Mineralogical Museum (Moscow, Russia). Mg# [Mg/(Mg+Fe2+)·100, mol%] of olivine from the samples studied varies from 86 to nearly 100. The main distinctive features of the olivine are anomalously low contents of Co (<51 mg/g), Cr (<5 mg/g), and Ni (<44 mg/g) and high content of B (23–856 mg/g), which correlate with host-rock compositions. Phosphorus (5–377 mg/g) incorporation in olivine is charge balanced by the incorporation of Li (0.15–61 mg/g) and Na (<14.3 mg/g). Y and REE contents exhibit positive correlations with Na, which suggests that REE incorporation into MSSM olivine could occur via charge-balanced coupled substitution with Na at low temperature and low aSiO2 conditions during MSSM formation. The documented compositional features of olivine from magnesian skarns and silicate marbles can help reconstruct the genesis of the host-rocks and identify xenocrysts of MSSM olivine in magmatic rocks.
Perinatal regionalization system: efficiency analysis
Authors: Kovtun O. P. , Davydova N. S. , Mukhametshin R. F.
Published: July 2020

The first principles and fundamental elements of perinatal regionalization were formulated more than 40 years ago. Over the past years this organizational model was substantially complicated and modernized. Numerous large, population-based studies describe and analyze the effects of perinatal regionalization, propose and study the possible directions of its development. It has been proven that the bed capacity of the obstetric hospital and the flow of extremely premature newborns in the hospital largely determine the outcome of the premature newborn, morbidity, mortality, long-term results, affecting important population indicators, neonatal and infant mortality. The review summarizes the data on available population studies, outlines the basic principles of the formation and development of the perinatal regionalization system.
Rett syndrome in Russia and abroad: a scientific historical review
Authors: Vorsanova S. G. , Yurov Yu. B. , Voinova V. Yu. , Yurov I. Yu.
Published: July 2020

This review presents the theoretical, practical and geographical aspects of Rett syndrome and other rare diseases, according to the data of the last VIII International Congress in Russia, and the main publications on Rett syndrome. The issues highlighted by the participants remain relevant and determine the direction of modern studies. The presentations made at the symposium helped to form a global concept of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of Rett syndrome and a number of rare genetic/genomic diseases. The article presents a number of domestic findings in the field of Rett syndrome and other rare diseases. The authors also present information on rare diseases associated with the Rett-like-phenotype or with mutations/variations of the MECP2 gene sequence copies. The authors consider the identified chromosomal (genomic) disorders / diseases in the context of rare diseases. This approach to the Rett syndrome studies analysis is quite new in the world research practice. We hope this review to become valuable not only for specialists in the field of rare genetic diseases, but also for the scientists and clinicians studying Rett syndrome and for physicians (pediatricians, geneticists, neurologists, psychiatrists) meeting these patients in their practice.
Uji Adsorpsi Bentonit Teraktivasi KOH Terhadap Logam Cu(II)
Authors: Fauziyati Mega Roikhanah
Published: July 2020

Peningkatan perkembangan industri setiap tahun menyebabkan limbah cair yang dihasilkan semakin meningkat. Limbah yang tidak mengalami pengolahan menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan. Salah satu upaya untuk mengurangi kadar ion logam dalam limbah yaitu meminimalisir kandungan ion logam berat menggunakan metode adsorpsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh proses aktivasi pada bentonit dengan menggunakan KOH dan mengaplikasikannya sebagai adsorben ion logam Cu(II). Parameter yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah variasi konsentrasi aktivator KOH, waktu optimum dan pH. Selain itu studi kinetika adsorpsi juga dipelajari dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adsorben terbaik adalah bentonit teraktivasi KOH 6M. Karakteristik bentonit ditandai dengan munculnya gugus spesifik Si-O dan Si-O-Si pada panjang gelombang 1009,31 cm-1 dan 466,71 cm-1, munculnya difaktogram khas montmorillonit pada intensitas 2 = 20,880o (d=4,508 Å), luas permukaan spesifik 87,2001 m2/g dengan kapasitas adsorpsi 50,013 mg/g. Kondisi optimum waktu kontak adalah 120 menit pada konsentrasi awal ion logam Cu(II) 1000 ppm 50 ml. Adsorpsi ini mengikuti model kinetika pseudo orde dua dengan konstanta laju adsorpsi ion logam Cu(II) sebesar 9,08 x 10-4 g.mg-1.
Consumer Advertising in Soviet Newspapers in the Second Half of the 1940s
Authors: Klinova M. A.
Published: July 2020

Тhe research featured the advertising discourse of Soviet newspapers published in the second half of the 1940s. The analysis included central press and six local newspapers from various regions of the RSFSR. The research objective was to reconstruct the standards of consumer behavior and reveal the regional peculiarities of advertising discourse. The research owes its novelty to the fact that it took into account the territorial features of the newspaper advertising discourse: North-Western regions, the Urals, Siberia, and the Far East. The author also revealed the quantitative dynamics of advertising stories within the period in question. The newspaper advertising discourse proved to reflect the realities of the post-war socio-economic development of the country. In the first post-war years, the range of advertised goods and services was quite narrow, but it gradually expanded in 1948–1949. The Ural-Siberian region demonstrated a greater number of advertisements, as well as a wider range of products and services offered. In the Urals and Siberia, the level of infrastructure development was higher, including trade, catering, and services. In addition, the area was mostly urban, and city dwellers had greater purchasing opportunities.
Prison Escapes in Western Siberia (1930–1945)
Authors: Suverov E. V.
Published: July 2020

The author analyzed the causes and consequences of prison escapes in Western Siberia in 1930–1945, which were a serious problem for the entire Soviet correctional labor system. The reasons behind frequent prison escapes can be summarized as follows: substandard living conditions, a complex production schedule, violent inmates, severe punitive measures for minor crimes, and relatively lenient punishment for escapes. The situation was aggravated by the negligent attitude to the service among wardens, their non-compliance with official discipline and job descriptions, as well as by ineffective use of the agent network. The escapes grew even more frequent in the late 1930s because the number of convicts increased during the Great Terror. The opposite pattern prevailed during World War II due to the general reduction of prison population during the occupation of the European Russia and the fact that some categories of convicts were allowed to enlist in the army. The fugitives posed a real threat to local residents. Once they were free, they committed murders, robberies, and rapes, which significantly worsened the difficult criminal situation in the West Siberian region. The NKVD employees of the Joint State Political Directorate of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR prevented escapes and detained the prisoners. The research objective was to establish the causes, consequences, and various forms of prison escapes in Western Siberia in 1930–1945.
Promyshlennovsky District during the Period of Social Cataclysm of 1917–1919
Authors: Shilovskiy M. V.
Published: July 2020

The article deals with the social and political situation in the Kasminsk, Tarsminsk, Titovsk, and Morozovsk volosts (districts) of the Kuznetsk uyezd (area), Tomsk Province, in 1917–1919. The territories in question were inhabited by long-time Russian residents. The Revolution affected the largest settlements. Titovsk area was included in the system of Kuznetsk area people's assembly, while Kasminsk district was under the supervision of the so-called zemstvo from the very beginning. Soldiers from reserve regiments of Tomsk and Novonikolaevsk were sent to field work and had a destructive impact on the local life. Anarchists (G. F. Rogov, I. P. Novoselov, P. K. Lubkov, I. M. Drozhzhin, etc.) and their military units played a significant role in the partisan and rebel movement. V. P. Shevelyov-Lubkov (1892–1939) became the most famous Red leader in the territory. He was an old settler from the village of Shipitsina in the Titovsk district and a decorated army veteran. The Whites were defeated in the late 1919, which brought no relief as anarchist squads maintained their attacks on the Soviet troops. In 1921, peasants in the village of Bryukhanovo rebelled. The last pockets of resistance were eliminated as late as in 1922.
Value Components of the Self-Image of Students of a Deontological Profile of Training at University
Authors: Arshinova Ye. V. , Bilan M. A. , Braun O. A. , Yanko E. V.
Published: July 2020

According to post-non-classical psychology, the values of mass consciousness act as a guideline for the moral behavior of the individual. This is especially important for a specialist whose work depends on the formation of professional and ethical principles of their personality. Deontological principles develop during training. The substantial characteristics of one’s self-image also develop at university. They approach the values of mass consciousness, which are the universal regulator of any form of human activity. The research featured the development of students' value orientations and the methods aimed at educating future deontology specialist. Such methods are usually based on post-non-classical psychology. Currently, this is the most important scientific matter in educational psychology. The article focuses on the temporal characteristics of the development of value components of the self-image in students of the deontological profile. The authors identified the main value components that characterize the development of moral and ethical principles in students at all stages of training. The values proved to undergo several changes during the learning process. Utilitarian and hedonistic values were most pronounced in first-year students and maintained their first rank positions until graduation. According to M. S. Yanitskiy’s value types of personality, senior students demonstrated the intermediate type. The authors registered a certain discrepancy between students' ideas about professional values and the actual values they chose. This contradiction must be resolved during the training period.
Categorial Image Structure of Their Ethnic Community Member in Modern Russian Students
Authors: Romanova S. A. , Gurova O. S.
Published: July 2020

Junior students have to adapt not only to the new educational environment, but also to the intercultural community of metropolitan universities. Russian students have problems both with categorization of members of other ethnic communities and their own self-categorization, i.e. the way they see a member of their own culture. The research objective was to determine the categorical structure of the image of a representative of their own culture in Russian students that studied in the city of Barnaul. The image depended on the predominating type of the respondents' own ethnic identity. The research methodology was based on the systematic approach to the personality analysis, J. Bruner's theory of perception, V. F. Petrenko's psychosemantic approach, and G. U. Soldatova's typology of ethnic identity. The authors employed the methods of an expert assessment, subjective scaling, and the questionnaire " Types of Ethnic Identity" by G. U. Soldatova and S. V. Ryzhova. They presented the categorical structure of the image of a member of the Russian ethnic group as factor models, or category structures, that described the representative of Russian nationality. Factor models were identified on the basis of the predominant type of ethnic identity of the respondents. Four factor models revealed that young people with a pronounced hyper-identity had a more positive view of the members of their ethnic group, focusing on their strength and strong-will. Students with average ethnic identity noted both advantages and disadvantages. Students with pronounced ethnic indifference tended to put more stress on the negative categories. Students with hypo-identity saw only negative traits in the members of their ethnic group. Therefore, behavioral patterns of interethnic interaction partially depended on the content of the categorical image structure of the representative of one's ethnic group. The authors propose several ways of developing a positive ethnic identity, which make it possible to shape an adequate attitude to representatives of one's own ethnicity and other ethnic groups.
Semantic Production as a Way of Forming Legal Concepts (Based on Russian Laws)
Authors: Batyushkina M. V.
Published: July 2020

The research featured legal terms formed according to the semantic method, e.g. semantic generalization, expansion / narrowing of meaning, institutional specification, metonymic or metaphorical transfer, their correlation, etc. The author highlighted the interconnection of semantic term formation and polysemy. The article contains a list of factors that cause ambiguity of legal concepts: (a) the author of the legislative text and the recipient; (b) the open nature of the legal terminological system, as well as the reproduction of multivalued lexemes in the laws and their reinterpretation; (c) the development of various variants of legislative definitions, etc. The paper focuses on semantic generalization and institutional specification of legal concepts. The author describes the interconnection of denotative-predicative and logical-conceptual approaches, as well as the mechanism of generalization and abstraction of lexical meaning. The differences of metonymic and metaphorical transfers were interpreted in terms of contrasting functions, models of education, and connotation potential. The research revealed a high productivity of metonymic transfer and legal concepts based on a combination of different types of semantic terminology. The study featured the texts of Russian Federal and regional laws. The author applied various approaches, e.g. discursive, contextual, intertextual, component, denotative-predicative, logical-conceptual, interpretative, comparative, etc. The results, conclusions, and illustrative material presented in this work may be of some interest to scientists and practitioners who study legal terminology, legal texts, and issues of the Russian language as a state language.
Morphological Characteristics of English Borrowings in the German Language in the Globalization Era
Authors: Lobanovskaya E. V. , Muratova S. V.
Published: July 2020

The article reveals the role of a foreign language / languages in the context of linguistic globalization and multiculturalism. The research featured the current attitude of German society to foreign languages and cultures. The authors believe that there is no contradiction between the modern multilingualism requirements and the promotion of German in the European community as a wholesome and stable language. As borders between languages become transparent, the development of linguistic consciousness acquires a special role. The research objective was to identify the motives behind borrowing that result from the needs of modern European community. The authors also explained the cases of incomplete or impossible assimilation of borrowings in German. They revealed some characteristics of English borrowings in German. For instance, hyphenation refers to the spelling of nouns borrowed from English. English verbs acquire German forms of weak verbs and their conjugation endings. Most borrowed nouns proved to have an unstable grammatical gender, while some of them are likened to German nouns and receive inflections. The syntagmatics of English adjectives is determined by English phonetics. The authors believe that the study of linguistic globalization will be useful to those interested in the development of European languages.
Comparison of the Effects of Fenugreek Vaginal Cream and Ultra Low- Dose Estrogen on Atrophic Vaginitis
Authors: Safary Maryam , Hakimi Sevil , Mobaraki-Asl Noushin , Amiri Paria , Tvassoli Habib , Delazar Abbas
Published: July 2020

Introduction:

Atrophic vaginitis is a common problem in postmenopausal women and results
from decreased levels of blood estrogen. It is associated with symptoms of itching, burning,
dyspareunia, and postmenopausal bleeding. The present study evaluated the effects of fenugreek extract
on atrophic vaginitis.

Materials and Methods:

This randomized controlled clinical trial was performed on 60 postmenopausal
women in Ardabil, Iran, in 2018. The participants were selected using block randomization with the
allocation ratio 1:1. Those in the intervention group received 0.5g (the applicator filled to the half-full
mark) fenugreek vaginal cream 5% twice a week for 12 weeks. The control group received conjugated
estrogens vaginal cream at the dose of 0.625 mg (the applicator filled to the half-full mark) containing
0.3 mg of conjugated estrogens. Atrophic vaginitis was evaluated before and after the treatment through
clinical examination, clinical signs, and measurement of Vaginal Maturation Index (VMI).

Findings:

After the 12-week intervention and modification of the baseline score, the mean (standard
error) score for atrophic vaginitis signs was 3.100 (1.43-4.75). This difference was statistically significant
in intragroup comparison and in favor of the control group in intergroup comparison (p=0.001).
VMI was less than 49% in 86.7% and 46.7% of the participants in the intervention and control groups,
respectively. This was a significant difference in favor of the control group (p=0.001).

Conclusion:

The results of this study showed that total fenugreek extract could be effective in treating
signs of atrophic vaginitis, but it was not as effective as ultra-low-dose estrogen.
Preparation of β-CD–Quercetin Complex and its Effects on Ethanol- Damaged BRL-3A Hepatocytes
Authors: Zhang Yingxia , Lin Xiao , Wang Jinglong , Jing Sun , Wang Deya , Tian Zhongjing , Kang Meiling , Ding Chengshi , He Shishui , Ma Jing
Published: July 2020

Objective:

To prepare the sustained-release complex, quercetin was incorporated with β-
cyclodextrin (β-CD) and the effect of β-CD–quercetin complex on the growth of ethanol-injuried
hepatocytes was studied.

Methods:

By using scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and release rate analysis, β-
CD–quercetin complex was identified. The effect of different concentrations of β-CD–quercetin complex
on the growth of ethanol-damaged hepatocytes at different time was observed by using MTT assay,
and the cell quantity and morphology were observed by using hematoxylin–eosin staining. By using
single-cell gel electrophoresis, the prevention of β-CD–quercetin complex from the DNA damage of
ethanol-damaged BRL-3A cells was studied, and Olive tail moment was calculated.

Results:

β-CD–quercetin complex as the sustained-release complex was successfully prepared. The
ethanol induced damage of BRL-3A cells could be prevented by 20, 40 and 80 mg/L of quercetin complex,
and the protection mechanism of hepatocyte was related to the antioxidation of DNA.

Conclusion:

Quercetin sustained-release complex could be prepared with β-CD, and it might be used to
treat alcoholic liver disease.
Modeling Parkinson’s Disease in Zebrafish
Authors: Najib Nor H.M. , Nies Yong H. , Abd Halim Syarifah A.S. , Yahaya Mohamad F. , Das Srijit , Lim Wei L. , Teoh Seong L.
Published: July 2020

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders that affects the motor system, and includes cardinal motor symptoms such as resting tremor, cogwheel rigidity, bradykinesia and postural instability. Its prevalence is increasing worldwide due to the increase in life span. Although, two centuries since the first description of the disease, no proper cure with regard to treatment strategies and control of symptoms could be reached. One of the major challenges faced by the researchers is to have a suitable research model. Rodents are the most common PD models used, but no single model can replicate the true nature of PD. In this review, we aim to discuss another animal model, the zebrafish (Danio rerio), which is gaining popularity. Zebrafish brain has all the major structures found in the mammalian brain, with neurotransmitter systems, and it also possesses a functional blood-brain barrier similar to humans. From the perspective of PD research, the zebrafish possesses the ventral diencephalon, which is thought to be homologous to the mammalian substantia nigra. We summarize the various zebrafish models available to study PD, namely chemical-induced and genetic models. The zebrafish can complement the use of other animal models for the mechanistic study of PD and help in the screening of new potential therapeutic compounds.
Quantitative Characterization of Phenotypical Markers After Differentiation of SH-SY5Y Cells
Authors: Ducray Angélique D. , Wiedmer Linda , Herren Fabienne , Widmer Hans Rudolf , Mevissen Meike
Published: July 2020

Background:

The human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y, has been widely used in neuroscience
research, especially in studies related to Parkinson's disease. However, differences between
clones have been demonstrated, highlighting the importance to characterize the properties of this cell
line carefully.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to characterize the phenotype of undifferentiated and differentiated
SH-SY5Y cells using various differentiation protocols.

Methods:

A morphological and quantitative analysis of markers related to dopaminergic and cholinergic
neurons, but also other phenotypes, was performed.

Results:

Differentiated cells showed the typical neuronal morphology. Undifferentiated cells expressed
low levels of Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) and higher levels of the high-affinity Choline
Transporter (CHT1). Staurosporine (ST)-differentiation resulted in the highest number of THimmunoreactive
cells, followed by phorbol ester Phorbol-12-Myristate-13-Acetate (PMA), whereas
differentiation with Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) did not increase TH-immunoreactive
cells. TH, dopamine β-hydroxylase and vesicular monoamine transporter-2 were also significantly upregulated
in ST-differentiated cells compared to both undifferentiated and Retinoic Acid (RA)-
differentiated cells. RA induced the highest number of CHT1-immunoreactive cells while ST- and
BDNF-differentiation reduced CHT1-immunoreactive cells, indicating a decrease in the cholinergic phenotype.
The presynaptic neuronal protein, α-synuclein, was significantly upregulated in RA- and ST-treated
cells compared to undifferentiated cells. Ascorbic acid increased the number of CHT1-immunoreactive
cells in all differentiation procedures and ST-differentiated TH-positive cells significantly.

Conclusions:

Our findings indicate that a quantitative characterization of the phenotype is crucial when
using SH-SY5Y cells to study the pathogenesis or evaluate compounds for treatment of neurodegenerative
diseases.