bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Evaluation of Spine Kinematics, Kinetics, and Trunk Muscle Activities During Fatigue-Induced Repetitive Lifting
Authors: Kazemi Zeinab , Mazloumi Adel , Arjmand Navid , Keihani Ahmadreza , Karimi Zanyar , Ghasemi Mohamad Sadegh , Kordi Ramin
Published: January 2021

Objective

Spine kinematics, kinetics, and trunk muscle activities were evaluated during different stages of a fatigue-induced symmetric lifting task over time.

Background

Due to neuromuscular adaptations, postural behaviors of workers during lifting tasks are affected by fatigue. Comprehensive aspects of these adaptations remain to be investigated.

Method

Eighteen volunteers repeatedly lifted a box until perceived exhaustion. Body center of mass (CoM), trunk and box kinematics, and feet center of pressure (CoP) were estimated by a motion capture system and force-plate. Electromyographic (EMG) signals of trunk/abdominal muscles were assessed using linear and nonlinear approaches. The L5-S1 compressive force (Fc) was predicted via a biomechanical model. A two-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was performed to examine the effects of five blocks of lifting cycle (C1 to C5) and lifting trial (T1 to T5), as independent variables, on kinematic, kinetic, and EMG-related measures.

Results

Significant effects of lifting trial blocks were found for CoM and CoP shift in the anterior–posterior direction (respectively p < .001 and p = .014), trunk angle ( p = .004), vertical box displacement ( p < .001), and Fc ( p = .005). EMG parameters indicated muscular fatigue with the extent of changes being muscle-specific.

Conclusion

Results emphasized variations in most kinematics/kinetics, and EMG-based indices, which further provided insight into the lifting behavior adaptations under dynamic fatiguing conditions.

Application

Movement and muscle-related variables, to a large extent, determine the magnitude of spinal loading, which is associated with low back pain.
Observer based sliding mode control for subsonic piezo-composite plate involving time varying measurement delay
Authors: Qi Na , Zhang Chen , Yuan Jiaxin
Published: January 2021

In this study, an observer based sliding mode control (SMC) scheme is proposed for vibration suppression of subsonic piezo-composite plate in the presence of time varying measurement delay by using the piezoelectric patch (PZT) actuator. Firstly, the state space form of the subsonic piezo-composite plate model is derived by Hamilton’s principle with the assumed mode method. Then an state observer involving time varying delay is constructed and the sufficient condition of the asymptotic stability is derived by using the Lyapunov-Krasovskii function, descriptor method and linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) for the state estimation error dynamical system. Subsequently, a sliding manifold is constructed on the estimation space. Then an observer-based controller is synthesized by using the SMC theory. The proposed SMC strategy ensures the reachability of the sliding manifold in the state estimate space. Finally, the simulation results are presented to demonstrate that the proposed observer-based controller strategy is effective in active aeroelastic control of subsonic piezo-composite plate involving time varying measurement delay.
Development and effect analysis of circadian rhythm-assisted LED lighting for reproducing short-wavelength ratio characteristics of natural light
Authors: Oh Seung-Taek , Lim Jae-Hyun
Published: January 2021

The short-wavelength ratio of natural light that changes a day cycle helps maintain the circadian rhythm. The circadian rhythm is a phenomenon in which the flow of physical activity is repeated every 24 hours and is synchronized mainly by natural light. However, since people's exposure time to artificial lighting has increased recently, the issue of circadian rhythm imbalance has been raised, and lighting techniques for reproducing the color temperature or wavelength characteristics of natural light have been proposed. There has not been any case for the short-wavelength ratio cycle reproduction of natural light close to the circadian rhythm; thus, a circadian rhythm-assisted LED light that reproduces the short-wavelength ratio of natural light for one day is presented in this paper, and its effect is confirmed through animal experiment. After the lighting control standard is derived through the analysis of natural light characteristics, its periodic short-wavelength ratio is realized through the control of each LED lighting channel. Subsequently, rat-based animal experiment is conducted to analyze the amount of melatonin, a major factor in circadian rhythm. The results confirm that the proposed lighting environment has higher melatonin levels by about 17% (day7) and 24% (day14) compared with the general lighting environment.
The level of formal support received by people with severe mental illness living in supported accommodation and participation: A systematic review
Authors: Jose Akkara Lionel , Harrison Michele , Roy Anusua Singh , Fitzpatrick Linda Irvine- , Forsyth Kirsty
Published: January 2021

Aim:

The review aimed to identify and explore the association of level of support received by people with severe mental illness in supported accommodation and participation.

Method:

The authors conducted a systematic search in MEDLINE, PsychINFO, PsychARTICLES, CINAHL Plus and ASSIA. Searches were restricted to articles published in English and participants aged 18 years and over with severe mental illness. Articles were included based on level of support received in mental health supported accommodation, classified according to the Simple Taxonomy for Supported Accommodation, and three factors of participation: social participation, daily living functioning and personal empowerment. Studies of in-patient settings and nursing homes were excluded. The review protocol is registered on PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42019161808).

Results:

Six articles were included in the review from USA, Australia, Sweden and Taiwan. Factors of participation for people living in accommodation with moderate support and accommodation with high support were explored. Data indicated an association between level of support and participation showing that people living in accommodation with moderate support had increased participation compared to people living in accommodation with high support.

Conclusion:

This review identified an association between level of formal support and participation. People with SMI living in accommodation with medium support participated in more community occupations, more activities and had a higher level of personal empowerment than people living in accommodation with high support.
Seeking opportunities from crisis? China’s governance responses to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Jing Yijia
Published: January 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed a challenge to state capacities on all countries of the world and a genuine test of their abilities of opportunity management. In comparison, China has managed to promptly get the pandemic under effective control and firmly enhanced domestic support for the government. This article argues that China’s successful opportunity management was firmly shaped by its institutional settings, governing structures, and actor strategies. While the noncompetitive regime, unitary government, performance legitimacy, and high citizen trust afforded strong political commitment, China’s crisis management experiences and capacities facilitated quick and effective coordination. Further, top leaders made use of the crisis to demonstrate accountable leadership and push forward a grand reform agenda. The nature and functioning of these pro-success factors are inherently rooted in the unique Chinese context.

Points for practitioners

This study shows a successful story of opportunity management in crises in the Chinese context under the COVID-19 pandemic scenario. Political leaders and public managers should enable systematic and prompt governance responses to such major challenges by building up a broad political consensus and coordinating evidence-based emergency responses. The study shows that clear accountability in crises is a major factor determining the capability of a system to take decisive actions and should be seriously reconstructed by countries struck by the pandemic.
Psychological Ownership of (Borrowed) Money
Authors: Sharma Eesha , Tully Stephanie , Cryder Cynthia
Published: January 2021

The current research introduces the concept of psychological ownership of borrowed money, a construct that represents how much consumers feel that borrowed money is their own. The authors observe both individual-level and contextual-level variation in the degree to which consumers feel psychological ownership of borrowed money, and variation on this dimension predicts willingness to borrow money for discretionary purchases. At an individual level, psychological ownership of borrowed money is distinct from other individual factors such as debt aversion, financial literacy, income, intertemporal discounting, materialism, propensity to plan, self-control, spare money, and tightwad–spendthrift tendencies, and it predicts willingness to borrow above and beyond these factors. At a contextual level, the authors document systematic differences in psychological ownership between different debt types. They show that these differences in psychological ownership manifest in consumers’ online search behavior and explain consumers’ differential interest in borrowing across debt types. Finally, the authors demonstrate that psychological ownership of borrowed money is malleable, such that framing debt using language lower in psychological ownership can reduce consumers’ propensity to borrow.
Symbolic victories and strategic risk
Authors: Jordan Richard
Published: January 2021

This article studies the rational side of symbolic victories. It opens with the broad question, why are some battles more significant than others? Extending the literature on bargaining and war, it argues that a belligerent can deliberately increase strategic risk in order to communicate its strength. By increasing the information a battle conveys, the belligerent artificially creates the conditions for a symbolic victory. In short, strategic risk becomes a useful, costly signal. This claim is developed in a formal model in which players choose between more and less dangerous military options. Under most conditions, a symbolic equilibrium exists in which both strong- and weak-type players are able to signal their types after only one round. This equilibrium’s rapid information flow is unusual in the rationalist literature: typically, strong types must wait to signal effectively. The article goes on to establish that, when the prior probability a player is strong is sufficiently small, this symbolic equilibrium uniquely satisfies the intuitive criterion. It then applies the model to two famous episodes from military history, the Doolittle Raid of WWII and the battles of Cannae and Capua of the Second Punic War. For both, it highlights how actors deliberately manipulate strategic risk to communicate with adversaries, allies, and their own publics.
Purging militaries: Introducing the Military Purges in Dictatorships (MPD) dataset
Authors: Sudduth Jun Koga
Published: January 2021

The principal threat most autocratic leaders face stems from within the regime. To control militaries and mitigate the risk of coups d’état, many autocratic leaders repeatedly purge strong officers from the military. What are the causes and consequences of such purges? Despite its importance, scholars rarely have studied the question, as they have lacked a systematic and comprehensive dataset. The Military Purges in Dictatorships (MPD) dataset contains information on the dates and characteristics of 1,007 military purges, and covers 566 political leaders in 116 authoritarian countries over the period 1965 to 2005. In this article, I describe MPD, compare it with other datasets, present descriptive statistics on the data, and suggest its applications. By coding the timing and various characteristics of military purges, MPD facilitates empirical study of the relationships between autocratic leaders and their militaries, and thus is useful for researchers studying political violence, repression, civil-military relations, coup-proofing, leader survival, and regime transition.
Assessing the Development of Fine Motor Control in Elementary School Children Using Drawing and Tracing Tasks
Authors: Cohen Erez J. , Bravi Riccardo , Minciacchi Diego
Published: January 2021

Adequately quantifying fine motor control is imperative for understanding individual motor behavior development and mastery. We recently showed that using different tasks to evaluate fine motor control may produce different results, suggesting that multiple measures for fine motor control may be evaluating different skills and/or underlying processes. Specifically, drawing behavior may depend on internal cueing, whereas tracing depends more on external cueing. To better understand how an individual develops a certain preference for cueing, we evaluated fine motor control in 265 typically developing children (aged 6–11) by measuring their accuracy for both drawing and tracing a circle. Our results first confirmed that there was no significant correlation between tracing and drawing task performances during this phase of development and, secondly, showed a significant developmental improvement in tracing, especially between 2nd and 3rd graders, whereas drawing ability improved only moderately. We discuss the potential roles of attentional focus and cognitive development as possible influencing factors for these developmental patterns. We conclude that using both a drawing and tracing task to evaluate fine motor control is rapid, economic and valuable for monitoring motor development among elementary school children.
The silence of the ellipses: Why history can’t be about telling our children lies
Authors: Wineburg Sam
Published: January 2021

History textbooks are less likely to be complete renderings of the truth than a series of stories textbook authors (and the many stakeholders who influence them) consider beneficial. Sam Wineburg describes how the process of writing history textbooks often leads to sanitized and inaccurate versions of history. As an example, he describes how the story of Crispus Attucks and the Boston massacre has evolved over time. The goal of historical study, he explains, is not to cultivate love or hate of the country. Rather, it should provide us with the courage needed to look ourselves unflinching in the face, so that we may understand who we were and who we might aspire to become.
Taking a reasoned stance against misinformation
Authors: Journell Wayne
Published: January 2021

The literature on teaching controversial issues offers a framework to help teachers make appropriate judgments about which topics are worthy of deliberation and what information is reasonable to consider in a classroom. Wayne Journell describes four criteria for evaluating the openness of issues, explains why the behavioral criterion is neither feasible or desirable, unpacks the three criteria that the literature has identified as reasonable (the epistemic criterion, the political criterion, and the politically authentic criterion), and then discusses how teachers can make decisions when the criteria disagree.
The fear of multiple truths: On teaching about racism in a predominantly white school
Authors: Farag Antony
Published: January 2021

In a post-truth world, it is imperative for educators to help students sift through the various views of both historical and current events. Critical race theory (CRT), a controversial theoretical framework directly critiquing white supremacy and incorporating the histories of historically marginalized communities, is a useful tool for helping students develop their own understanding of history and the world. However, research shows that social studies educators of white students are unprepared to use CRT. Antony Farag shares his research into white teachers’ use of CRT and describes what happened when his predominately white school attempted to launch an elective course build on critical race theory.
Lessons learned from a search for

common ground
Authors: Hess Rick , Noguera Pedro
Published: January 2021

In 2020, Rick Hess and Pedro Noguera engaged in a long-running correspondence that tackled many of the biggest questions in education — including topics like school choice, equity and diversity, testing, privatization, the achievement gap, social and emotional learning, and civics. They sought to unpack their disagreements, better understand one another’s perspectives, and seek places of agreement or points of common understanding. Their correspondence appears in their book, A Search for Common Ground: Conversations About the Toughest Questions in K-12 Education (Teachers College Press, 2021). In this article, they reflect on the exercise, what they learned from it, and what lessons it might offer to educators, education leaders, researchers, and policy makers.
Old ideas, not new ones, are the key to education — and democracy
Authors: Black Derek W.
Published: January 2021

In a time when both American democracy and U.S. public schools appear to be in crisis, Derek Black argues that the best way forward is to look to the past at the ideals that the founding fathers espoused in the early years of the nation. Although early U.S. leaders placed a priority on expanding public education, Black explains that these ideals have not always been perfectly put into practice. But education has lived alongside the right to vote as a defining feature of the American democracy, so much so that it was one of the principal aims of newly freed slaves during and after the U.S. Civil War. Yet recent efforts in some states to privatize schools show that democracy’s advances are not irreversible and that the nation must continually return to the founding principles that have guided the nation thus far.
First Person: H_NGM_N: What one says, and doesn’t say, to white educators
Authors: Beardslee Lois
Published: January 2021

Native American author Lois Beardslee discusses how she has experienced the power differentials that arise from the lack of significant racial integration in the field of education. Beardslee describes how a white teacher reacted when she, while serving as a substitute teacher’s aide, suggested finding a substitute for the game hangman, a game reminiscent of the violent lynchings and executions by hanging experienced within communities of color. Beardslee explores how the pervasive whiteness of education and the defensive reactions of white educators when questioned makes it difficult for teachers and children of color to speak out.
On Leadership: Pandemic offers opportunity to reduce standardized testing
Authors: Starr Joshua P.
Published: January 2021

For the past 20 years, debates about public education have been dominated by standardized tests, but the emphasis on standardized tests in education rests on a set of false assumptions, explains Joshua Starr. First is the technocratic assumption that collecting the right data will naturally lead to the right kinds of improvements. Second, testing as currently performed assumes that mathematics and English language arts are the most essential domains of knowledge and skill. Starr encourages education leaders to end the practice of requiring standardized tests for every student in every grade and instead use sampling and multiple measures to gauge performance and areas for improvement.
Washington View: Big ideas for a new day
Authors: Ferguson Maria
Published: January 2021

As the United States has begun to make the transition from one presidential administration to the next, organizations with an interest in education have weighed in on what they think the Biden administration should focus on. Maria Ferguson shares recommendations from the Center for American Progress, AASA: The School Superintendents Association, Organizations Concerned About Rural Education, and advocates for social and emotional learning.
Career Confidential: Principal thinks he’s discriminated against for being a white male
Authors: Fagel Phyllis L.
Published: January 2021

Phyllis Fagell gives advice to educators about their professional dilemmas. In this month’s column, a principal believes he’s being passed over for promotions because he’s a white male. A teacher is frustrated about grading policy changes that seem to lower standards. And a teacher wonders if it’s possible to sue a parent who is criticizing her on social media.
Bookshelf: Kappan authors on their favorite reads
Authors: Beardslee Lois
Published: January 2021

In this monthly column, Kappan authors discuss books and articles that have informed their views on education. Lois Beardslee recommends Jim Crow’s Children: The Broken Promises of the Brown Decision by Peter Irons. Adam Laats recommends The Creationists: From Scientific Creationism to Intelligent Design by Ronald Numbers. And Antony Farag recommends An Indigenous People’s History of the United States by Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz and other books in the Revising History series.
Effect of ultrasonic welding process parameters on hydrostatic pressure resistance of hybrid textiles for weather protection
Authors: Hussen Muktar Seid , Kyosev Yordan Kostadinov , Pietsch Kathrin , Rothe Stefan , Kechi Abera
Published: January 2021

In the research project presented in this paper, the effects of welding width, pressure force, power, and speed of ultrasonic welding parameters on hydrostatic pressure resistance were examined. A flexible and lightweight PVC-coated hybrid textile material with uniform thickness was used for weather protection purposes. Three main welding parameters at three different levels were selected based on the preliminary test results involving welding widths of 6 and 12 mm. A lapped type of seam was applied for ultrasonic welding and conventional joining techniques. A conventionally sewn zigzag seam was produced using three main factors at two different levels according to the application area. To avoid seam permeability, the conventional seam was sealed with tape by means of hot-air tape welding and subsequently investigated regarding its hydrostatic pressure resistance. The hydrostatic pressure resistance value of the conventional seam was then compared with ultrasonic weld seams of 6 and 12 mm welding width, and its parametric influence on the quality of the seam was analyzed. The result shows that the ultrasonic weld seam with a 12 mm welding width provided a higher hydrostatic pressure resistance than the 6 mm welding width and the conventionally sewn seam. Statistical analyses were also carried out to prove the significant effect of welding process parameters on hydrostatic pressure resistance, whereby the obtained results were statistically significant. A suitable nonlinear numerical model was also developed to predict the hydrostatic pressure resistance.
Spectrophotometric color matching for pre-colored fiber blends based on a hybrid of least squares and grid search method
Authors: Zhang Ge , Pan Ruru , Zhou Jian , Wang Lei , Gao Weidong
Published: January 2021

Computer color matching can improve production efficiency and reduce costs in color spun. However, in practice the computer color matching success rate for pre-colored fiber blends has not been good, leading to customers being unsatisfied with the accuracy of the color matching results. Aiming to improve the accuracy, a hybrid of least squares and grid search method has been proposed for spectrophotometric color matching of pre-colored fiber blend based on the improved Kubelka–Munk (K-M) double-constant theory. Two-primary, three-primary, four-primary, and five-primary pre-colored cotton fiber blends were prepared as standard samples to evaluate the color matching accuracy of the proposed method. Compared with the least squares method and the grid search method, the proposed method achieved better color matching effects and greatly shortened the calculation time, respectively. For 42 pre-colored fiber blends, the average color difference between the predicted results obtained by the proposed method, least squares method, and grid search method and the spectrophotometer measurements were respectively 0.29, 0.53, and 0.36 CIE2000 units. The experimental results indicated that the proposed method could predict the formulation of standard samples quickly and effectively, and that it was superior to other methods in providing satisfactory color matching results for the enterprises.
Intravenous colistin for the management of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections in Indian patients
Authors: Wilfred Premila M , Chandy Sujith J , Rebecca Grace , Satyendra Sowmya , Jasmine Sudha
Published: January 2021

Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infection is a serious global concern and especially in low and middle-income countries (LMIC) such as India. Colistin, an antimicrobial once abandoned following reports of organ toxicity, has re-emerged as an essential therapeutic agent in the management of these infections. A retrospective review of 162 inpatients was done, focusing on culture-proven multidrug-resistant infections requiring colistin. The overall clinical outcome in 58% of patients was found to be good, with nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity occurring only in 8 (5%) and 4 (2.5%) patients, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed an elevated lactate and raised urea to be independent factors associated with poor clinical response. In conclusion, there appears to be strong evidence supporting the use of colistin in the management of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections.
Price structures for electricity supply and potential consequences for building services systems
Authors: Hitchin Roger
Published: January 2021

Policies to reduce carbon emissions are leading to substantial changes in the demand for electricity and to the structure of electricity supply systems, which will alter the cost structure of electricity supply. This can be expected to result in corresponding changes to the price structure faced by customers. This note is an initial exploration of how possible new price structures may impact on HVAC system and building design and use.

Changes in the price structure of electricity supply (separately from changes in price levels) can significantly affect the cost-effective design and operation of building services systems; especially of heating and cooling systems. The nature and implications of these changes can have important implications for future system design and operation.
Numerical modeling of complex hydraulic fracture networks based on the discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) method
Authors: Hu Yanzhi , Li Xiao , Zhang Zhaobin , He Jianming , Li Guanfang
Published: January 2021

Hydraulic fracturing is one of the most important technologies for shale gas production. Complex hydraulic fracture networks can be stimulated in shale reservoirs due to the existence of numerous natural fractures. The prediction of the complex fracture network remains a difficult and challenging problem. This paper presents a fully coupled hydromechanical model for complex hydraulic fracture network propagation based on the discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) method. In the proposed model, the fracture propagation and rock mass deformation are simulated under the framework of DDA, and the fluid flow within fractures is simulated using lubrication theory. In particular, the natural fracture network is considered by using the discrete fracture network (DFN) model. The proposed model is widely verified against several analytical and experimental results. All the numerical results show good agreement. Then, this model is applied to field-scale modeling of hydraulic fracturing in naturally fractured shale reservoirs. The simulation results show that the proposed model can capture the evolution process of complex hydraulic fracture networks. This work offers a feasible numerical tool for investigating hydraulic fracturing processes, which may be useful for optimizing the fracturing design of shale gas reservoirs.
Oral Losartan After Limited Mandibulectomy for Treatment of Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis
Authors: Curry Dennis E. , Al-Sayed Ahmed A. , Trites Jonathan , Wheelock Margaret , Acott Philip D. , Midgen Craig , Johnson Liane B. , Bezuhly Michael
Published: January 2021

Desmoid-type fibromatosis (DF) is a rare soft tissue lesion with an annual incidence of 2 to 4 per million population and peak incidence occurring at approximately 4.5 years of age. While benign, the tumor has a locally aggressive infiltrative growth pattern and a high rate of recurrence. Given the functional and aesthetic implications of excision and reconstruction in the facial skeleton, novel medical treatment options are highly desirable. We describe the case of a 3-year-old boy who presented with an enlarging, asymptomatic mass involving the left mandible. Biopsy revealed an immunohistochemical profile consistent with DF. Despite the high likelihood of recurrence, conservative, mandible-sparing en bloc resection and limited mandibulectomy were performed. Pathological and immunohistochemical analysis of the resection specimen revealed DF with grossly positive margins and elevated expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor. Postoperative medical treatment with the angiotensin receptor blocker losartan was initiated. The patient remains medically stable and disease progression-free on repeat imaging at 20 months post-resection. We describe for the first time the successful use of the angiotensin blocker losartan following conservative surgery for management of DF.
Integrating Insights From the Resource-Based View of the Firm Into the New Stakeholder Theory
Authors: McGahan Anita M.
Published: January 2021

A powerful new stakeholder theory (NST) of strategic management is emerging. The theory, which is yet incomplete, offers novel and precise tools for understanding stakeholder involvement in organizations. This article identifies open questions in the NST in five areas (organizational formation, resource development, claims on value, governance, and performance) and suggests ways in which insights from the resource-based view of the firm advance answers to these questions. The conclusion emphasizes that because stakeholders bind resources to organizations, neither the resource-based view nor the new stakeholder view is complete without the other.
Outcomes of Septal Perforation Repair With Concurrent Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Abdel‐Aty Yassmeen , Cain Rachel B. , Taylor Cullen , Marino Michael J. , Lal Devyani , Bansberg Stephen F.
Published: January 2021

Objective

This study reviews a cohort of patients in whom septal perforation repair was performed concurrently with endoscopic sinus surgery. We present an endonasal perforation repair technique using bilateral mucosal flaps with an autogenous interposition graft. Intraoperative and postoperative management of the combined surgical patient is discussed and perforation closure outcomes are reported.

Study Design

Case series.

Setting

Tertiary care center.

Methods

In this institutional review board–approved retrospective chart review, adult patients who underwent concurrent bilateral mucosal flap septal perforation repair and endoscopic sinus surgery from March 1992 to March 2020 were identified. Data on demographics, clinical presentations, perforation size, surgical techniques, and outcomes were extracted and analyzed for patients with a minimum of 3 months of follow‐up.

Results

Fifty‐six patients met study inclusion criteria. Nasal obstruction/congestion was the most frequent symptom reported (80.4%), followed by crusting and epistaxis. Mean perforation size measured at the time of surgery was 14.7 (range, 3‐41) mm in length by 9.3 (range, 2‐23) mm in height. Temporalis fascia was the most frequent (57.9%) interposition graft material used. Complete perforation closure at the time of the last follow‐up was noted in 51 (91.1%) patients. Only 1 failure was noted in the last 48 attempted repairs.

Conclusion

Patients with a perforated septum may have coexistent chronic sinusitis. The feasibility of attempting concurrent sinus surgery and perforation repair has been questioned. Our review demonstrates a high perforation closure rate when a bilateral mucosal flap procedure is performed after sinus surgery is performed at the same setting.
Decline, Revival, Change? Religious Adaptations among Muslim and Non-Muslim Immigrant Origin Youth in Norway
Authors: Friberg Jon Horgen , Sterri Erika Braanen
Published: January 2021

This article explores religious adaptation among immigrant-origin youth in Norway, using the first wave of the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study in Norway (CILS-NOR). To capture different dimensions of religious change, we distinguish between 1) level of religiosity, measured by religious salience and religious practices, and 2) social forms of religious belief, measured as the level of rule orientation and theological exclusivism. We compare immigrant-origin youth in Norway with young people in their parents’ origin countries, using the World Value Survey. We then compare immigrant-origin youth who were born in Norway to those who were born abroad and according to their parents’ length of residence in Norway. As expected, immigrant-origin youth from outside Western Europe—and those originating in Muslim countries in particular—were more religious than native and western-origin youth and more rule oriented and exclusivist in their religious beliefs. However, our results suggest that a process of both religious decline and religious individualization is underway among immigrant origin youth in Norway, although this process appears to unfold slower for Muslims than for non-Muslims. The level and social forms of religiosity among immigrant-origin youth are partially linked to their integration in other fields, particularly inter-ethnic friendships. We argue that comparative studies on how national contexts of reception shape religious adaptations, as well as studies aiming to disentangle the complex relationship between religious adaptation and integration in other fields, are needed.
Malignant solitary fibrous tumors of the left atrial endocardium
Authors: Suzuki Yamato , Matsuda Yasushi , Saito Ryoko , Adachi Osamu , Okada Yoshinori
Published: January 2021

Solitary fibrous tumors are typically benign and usually develop in the pleura. We herein report the first case of a solitary fibrous tumor that was pathologically malignant and developed in the left atrial endocardium. A 24-year-old woman underwent resection of a malignant solitary fibrous tumor in her right forearm at another hospital. Computed tomography demonstrated a mass in her right pleura 2 months after the surgery. She was referred to our hospital, and a tumor in her left atrium was subsequently found. She underwent resection of these tumors, and pathological examination showed that they were both malignant solitary fibrous tumors.
Teaching music in England today
Authors: Savage Jonathan
Published: January 2021

This research explores the issues and challenges facing music teachers in England today. It aims to understand these and provide a more detailed understanding of their views about the potential opportunities and limitations of music education. It does this through an analysis of new data drawn from an online question (n.621) and telephone interviews (n.38) with music teachers from across all regions of England. This data collection took place in early 2020 prior to the lockdown in England as a result of COVID-19. The analysis of these data took place during April and May 2020, while England was under lockdown. Key themes explored relate to funding, equal opportunities and access to music education, hidden personal costs, confidence in policy making, leadership and accountability. Due to the timing of the analysis of the data, the conclusions drawn from this study are reflected upon in light of the imposition of restrictions due to the COVID-19 global pandemic. By identifying the challenges faced by music teachers in England, and their pragmatic responses to these, it is hoped that those responsible for music education in other parts of the world can make wiser choices that those made by English policy-makers.
Legacy perceptions and interventions for adults and children receiving palliative care: A systematic review
Authors: Boles Jessika C , Jones Maile T
Published: January 2021

Background:

Legacy has been invoked as a means for strengthening human attachments, continuing bonds, and ensuring that individuals will be remembered; however, little is known about the spectrum of approaches to, outcomes associated with, and best practices for legacy interventions.

Aim:

To systematically review research on legacy perceptions and interventions in pediatric and adult palliative care recipients.

Design:

A systematic mixed studies review synthesizing quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods study findings using PRISMA guidelines.

Data sources:

PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases were searched on October 1, 2020. GRADE criteria were used to assess quality of quantitative reports, and the Johns Hopkins Evidence Level and Quality Guide was used to rate qualitative, mixed methods, and review articles. Data were synthesized using integrative thematic analysis.

Results:

The 67 studies reviewed describe a variety of legacy perceptions and interventions with adult and pediatric patients receiving palliative care. Statistically significant improvements in various dimensions of wellbeing are documented, with significant reduction in incidence and symptoms of depression in adults. Studies highlight the utility, feasibility, and perceived benefits of legacy interventions according to adult patients and their caregivers, and parents/caregivers of pediatric patients.

Conclusions:

Though future research with high-quality, experimental designs is needed, the positive outcomes associated with legacy interventions are documented in adult patient populations; additionally, the application of legacy interventions for children with serious illnesses receiving palliative care is reasonable based on the existing body of evidence. A consistent and operational concept of legacy is still needed for future research and practice.
Dynamic regret convergence analysis and an adaptive regularization algorithm for on-policy robot imitation learning
Authors: Lee Jonathan N. , Laskey Michael , Tanwani Ajay Kumar , Aswani Anil , Goldberg Ken
Published: January 2021

On-policy imitation learning algorithms such as DAgger evolve a robot control policy by executing it, measuring performance (loss), obtaining corrective feedback from a supervisor, and generating the next policy. As the loss between iterations can vary unpredictably, a fundamental question is under what conditions this process will eventually achieve a converged policy. If one assumes the underlying trajectory distribution is static (stationary), it is possible to prove convergence for DAgger. However, in more realistic models for robotics, the underlying trajectory distribution is dynamic because it is a function of the policy. Recent results show it is possible to prove convergence of DAgger when a regularity condition on the rate of change of the trajectory distributions is satisfied. In this article, we reframe this result using dynamic regret theory from the field of online optimization and show that dynamic regret can be applied to any on-policy algorithm to analyze its convergence and optimality. These results inspire a new algorithm, Adaptive On-Policy Regularization (Aor), that ensures the conditions for convergence. We present simulation results with cart–pole balancing and locomotion benchmarks that suggest Aor can significantly decrease dynamic regret and chattering as the robot learns. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first application of dynamic regret theory to imitation learning.
Racial surveillance and the mental health impacts of electronic monitoring on migrants
Authors: Bhatia Monish
Published: January 2021

Since the late 1990s, the government has used outsourced electronic monitoring (also known as tagging) in England and Wales for criminal sentencing and punishment. Under the Asylum and Immigration (Treatment of Claimants) Act 2004, s36, the use of this technology extended to immigration controls, and individuals deemed as ‘high risk’ of harm, reoffending or absconding can be fitted with an ankle device and subjected to curfew. The tagging of migrants is not authorised by the criminal court and therefore not considered a punitive sanction. It is managed by the immigration system and treated as an administrative matter. Nevertheless, people who are tagged experience it as imprisonment and punishment. Drawing on data from an eighteen-month ethnographic research project, this article examines the impact of electronic monitoring on people seeking asylum, who completed their sentences for immigration offences. It uncovers the psychological effects and mental health impacts of such technologies of control. The article sheds light on how tagging is experienced by racialised minorities, and adds to the literature on migration, surveillance studies, state racism and violence.
Beyond crisis? Using rent theory to understand the restructuring of publicly funded seniors’ care in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Strauss Kendra
Published: January 2021

Crises of seniors’ care in countries like the UK and Canada, further highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic, have been connected to processes of privatization and financialization. In this paper I argue that rent theory is important for disaggregating mechanisms, including of accumulation by dispossession, the devaluation of labour, and assetization, that underpin the process of financialization in the sector. Work on rents often divides between critical approaches, especially to land rent, and mainstream institutionalist and public choice approaches to rent-seeking. Critical rent theory is evolving beyond this divide to understand a broader range of types of rent. Yet, despite attention to the increasing importance of economic rents and forms of rentierism, labour and social reproduction are often excluded from the analysis of how rent relations arise. This paper demonstrates the problems with these exclusions. The argument is illustrated through an analysis of the restructuring of eldercare in British Columbia, Canada, in the last two decades, and employs a feminist political economy approach to examine the social production of rent relations.
Exploring Travel Behavior of Households with Pre-School Aged Children
Authors: Habib Muhammad Ahsanul , Anik Md Asif Hasan , Robertson Caroline
Published: January 2021

Child-care centers are major trip generators for households with pre-school aged children (< 5 years). This paper presents a framework to analyze the factors affecting daily travel choices and challenges of child-care going households. Through rigorous literature review, this study first identifies important variables affecting mode choice, child-care center choice, transit use, and intention to drive. Next, it develops and distributes an online survey questionnaire to the registered child-care centers in Halifax Regional Municipality, Canada, to get data on individual households’ travel choices, challenges, factors affecting those choices, and importance level of those factors, as well as socio-demographic information. The study collects data from over 200 households, which is then analyzed using structural equation modeling to examine the effects of the identified factors such as safety, cost, distance, location, affordability, and convenience on day-to-day child-care trip decisions. The findings suggest that most of the families (73%) rely on private vehicles to make child-care trips as a result of family time, travel freedom, and parking availability. Other variables that motivate them to drive are travel safety, convenience, and opportunity to do trip chaining. Results show that 57% of the households group their child-care trip with a work trip. Distance to nearest bus stop, carrying child belongings, and length of trip to child-care are considered major barriers for transit use. The results of this study are expected to assist policy makers to understand travel patterns and barriers of households with pre-school aged children and help in designing communities to promote sustainable travel behavior.
Perceptions and Attitudes Toward Dementia in Predominantly African American Congregants
Authors: Epps Fayron , Foster Kimberly , Alexander Karah , Brewster Glenna , Chester Mia , Thornton Jacquelyn , Aycock Dawn
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify the perceptions and attitudes of African American congregants toward dementia before and after attending a dementia-focused workshop. Six churches in Metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia, hosted the workshops. Attendees ( N = 171) participated in a free association exercise to evaluate their perceptions and attitudes toward dementia. Before and after the workshop, participants wrote words and phrases that occurred to them when they thought of dementia. Content analysis was used to identify themes. Before the workshop, participants’ responses tended to include negative language (e.g., fear, memory loss, sadness). After the workshop, participants expressed more positive words (e.g., support, hopefulness, caring). These findings suggest that education can change congregants’ perceptions about dementia and potentially reduce dementia-associated stigma. This change will allow families to feel comfortable both interacting with and seeking help from those in their faith communities.
Critique and Progress: Production of Knowledge and the Planning of Bedouin Settlements in Israel
Authors: Dekel Tomer
Published: January 2021

The paper contributes to a critique of Israeli Critical Planning Studies (CPS). Critical scholars conceptualize Israeli planning as colonial, aspiring to dispossess Bedouin indigenous people without implementing participation or considering cultural needs. By studying current plans and interviewing planners and senior officials, the paper shows that planning has progressed dramatically during recent decades. The article continues with positioning the critique within the political context it originated from. It concludes with a Lefebvrian–Gramscian analysis of the place of critical scholars within the political production of space and the way this affects CPS.
Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles loaded in gelatine hydrogel for a natural antibacterial and anti-biofilm wound dressing
Authors: Katas Haliza , Mohd Akhmar Maryam Arinah , Suleman Ismail Abdalla Sundos
Published: January 2021

Antibiotic-resistance and bacterial bioburden are the threats to wound healing. Nanoparticles are a revolutionary advancement in nanomedicine owing to their antibacterial properties, to be used as a promising alternative to antibiotics. A wound dressing with antibacterial and anti-biofilm effects may be a plausible strategy in curbing wound exacerbation caused by bacterial infection. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are known for their excellent antibacterial activity. In present study, biosynthesized AgNPs using spent mushroom substrate (SMS) as reducing agent while chitosan as stabilizing agent were successfully produced. The nanoparticles exhibited considerable antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities with higher sensitivity towards Gram-negative bacteria. These AgNPs were later incorporated into genipin-crosslinked gelatine hydrogels as a wound dressing. The hydrogels were characterized for their physical, rheological and swelling properties, besides in vitro release of AgNPs. The formulated hydrogels demonstrated an adequate release of the AgNPs with acceptable physical, rheological and swelling properties, suitable as a vehicle for wound drug delivery. The antibacterial and anti-biofilm of the hydrogels against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli were effective in inhibiting the growth of the selected bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 63 μg/mL. In summary, genipin-crosslinked gelatine hydrogels loaded with the AgNPs are a promising anti-microbial wound dressing, a potential strategy for combating biofilm of wound infections and accelerating healing.