bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE IMPACT OF MANAGEMENT CONTROL ON PUBLIC SECTOR ORGANIZATIONS IN INDONESIA
Authors:   Universitas Indonesia, Maharani Reny
Published: April 2022

Using motivation crowding and self-determination theories, this study examines the relationship between elements of management control, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and the performance of public sector organizations in Indonesia. We used the Structural Equation Model (SEM) with a survey method on 187 employees of district/city governments in Indonesia to see if results, action, personnel, and cultural controls have an effect on employee motivation. Our study provides empirical evidence that motivation is influenced not only by results control, but also by other control elements such as action control and personnel control. This study also provides empirical evidence that intrinsic and extrinsic motivation can co-exist in improving organizational performance. This study contributes to the devel­opment of literature in the field of management accounting that shows the relationship between management control, employee motivation and organizational performance, as well as motivation as a mediator of the relationship between management control and organizational performance. The impli­cations of this study include providing practitioners with information on which management control elements are most appropriate for enhancing employee motivation and performance in public sector organizations. Keywords: management control, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, organizational performance, public sector, mediator
STATISTICAL ANXIETY OF STUDENTS IN PANDEMIC ERA
Authors: Iriyadi Deni
Published: April 2022

This study aims to see how the statistical comparison of students who have not and have taken statistics courses for non-exact students. This research is a quantitative research with a survey approach. The instrument in this study adopted the Statistical Anxiety Scale (SAS) which consists of 3 components (worry, avoidance, emotionality) with a total of 17 items with 4 scales. Respondents in this study were students of the State Islamic University of Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten in the first semester until the end of the semester. The number of samples in this study was 238. The results showed that there was no difference between the anxiety of students who had not and had taken course statistics. Nevertheless, descriptively the probability of changes in student statistics between before and after taking statistics courses. At the rate of increase the percentage decreases while at the rate of increase the percentage decreases. This shows a change in student statistics after taking statistics lessons, especially in the pandemic era by still using a bold learning system
Sharia Marketing Management Strategy in the Online Buying and Selling Mechanism
Authors: Wilantini Cici’ , Mabruroh Halida Uly
Published: April 2022

The growth of users of online buying and selling transactions continues to increase every year. In online buying and selling transactions, there are many frauds or discrepancies between the contract agreed at the beginning and the goods/services received. The role of sharia marketing management is needed here so that unwanted things do not happen. This research is a library research (Library Research). The references used in this research are books, journals and publications indexed on Google that are still relevant to the research topic. The results of this study indicate that Islamic marketing management is indispensable in the online buying and selling mechanism. Sharia marketing management is the first step to build consumer loyalty by considering product suitability, financial benefits, and spiritual values ​​that are believed to be. The three basic concepts in Islamic marketing management are; strategies for sharing thoughts, tactics for market share, and values ​​for hearts. Then there are five characteristics of Islamic marketing management including; love consumers, honest and transparent as a brand, segmentation a la prophet, keep promises, and maintain the balance of nature. The impact that will be felt on online buying and selling that implements sharia marketing management, namely; consumers will conduct transactions regularly, make purchases with a more diverse range of products, consumers recommend to other potential customers, and the attitude of commitment from consumers to continue to make transactions at the same place.
Implementation Of Synergy Of Zis Fund Management In Sharia Banking And Zakat Management Organizations (Opz) For Strengthening The Zakat Ecosystem
Authors: Intan Apsari Phatriakalista , Setiyowati Arin , Huda Fatkhur
Published: April 2022

In February 2021, Bank Syariah Indonesia or abbreviated as BSI officially operates, BSI is a merger of Bank Syariah Mandiri, Bank BNI Syariah, and Bank BRI Syariah. BSI changed the constellation of Islamic banking in Indonesia, which formed a new pillar of strength for the Islamic economy in Indonesia. In carrying out the social functions of BSI, especially in the realm of zakat, it certainly cannot run alone. This means that it requires both internal and external BSI institutions in managing zakat funds and other Islamic social funds. Zakat management organizations (OPZ) that are partnered include the National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) as a form of support in encouraging community participation to increase ZIS and to ensure proper distribution of targets to those who really need it. ) and the National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) collaborated in which this step was taken as a form of enthusiasm from BSI and BAZNAS in an effort to strengthen and distribute the zakat ecosystem and the Love Zakat Movement. This study aims to analyze the synergy between BSI and BAZNAS in managing ZIS funds and implementing the synergy program to improve community welfare. This research was conducted using qualitative research methods, literature study approach (Library Research). The validity of the data using source triangulation, and data analysis techniques using descriptive analysis. The results show that BSI and BAZNAS in their synergy activities have an analysis of strengths and opportunities, and the implementation of synergies carried out by BSI and BAZNAS in supporting the strengthening of ZIS for the welfare of the community and as support for the charity love movement, namely the policy of merging BAZNAS accounts to BSI, ZIS payment features in the BSI Mobile Banking Application, and the BSI company's zakat payments submitted to BAZNAS.
The problem of perception: disjunctivism vs representationalism
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gusev Aleksandr A.
Published: April 2022

The article explores discussions surrounding the problem of perception, the grounds of which can be explicated through the antinomy between two components: the argument from the transparency of experience and the argument from hallucination. In general, the argument from transparency is used to justify direct realism, and the argument from hal­lucination is usually associated with attempts to refute direct realism and establish the sense-data theory. The latter has a rich history in analytical philosophy in the first half of the twentieth century, but ultimately philosophers came to the conclusion that it had seri­ous theoretical flaws. In the second half of the twentieth century, the position of represen­tationalism became orthodox, which not only retained some of the realistic intuitions of direct realists, but blocked the argument from hallucination. The article demonstrates that if we accept the common kind assumption, then representationalism “loses” material ob­jects as constituents of perception, as in the case of the theory of sense-data. In recent decades, direct realism in the form of disjunctivism has returned to the battlefield in the philosophy of perception. Within its framework, the common kind assumption is blocked, which makes it possible to protect the ontology of direct realism without facing the disad­vantages of the representationalist option. Nevertheless, the author proposes his own ap­proach to solving the problem of perception, revealing a problematic presupposition com­mon to both components of the antinomy. It turns out to be a methodological principle that connects introspective theses with metaphysical ones, which is faced with an ana­logue of the problem of the guillotine of D. Hume. The author concludes that although the problem of perception loses its foundation, this does not devalue the very discussions about the conceptions of perception. Rather, it indicates the need for reflection on the very methodology of modern philosophy of perception.
Logic as a normative science: between biology and social critique (a case of neurodiversity)
Authors:   National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Maksudova-Eliseeva Gala V.
Published: April 2022

The paper discusses norms of reasoning in the context of a current tendency in recent discussions towards a broader interpretation of the norm. The author of the article com­pares two ideas about the norm: norms as arising within the framework of emancipatory social movements (on the example of the movement for neurodiversity), and norms as­sociated with the understanding of logic as a normative science. It is shown that these directions are based on different concepts of the norm. Social movements understand the norm as derivative from social relations, while the modern norm in contemporary logic is understood as rule following. The question is raised what concept of the norm is more appropriate when reasoning is assessed. The article shows that social movements run the risk of expanding the norm of reasoning too much, because they focus on aspects of the social functioning of neurodifferent individuals, and they touch upon the issues of rea­soning only in connection with cases of successful reasoning, sometimes completely ig­noring the presence of stable patterns of unsuccessful reasoning. At the same time, logic, which is traditionally considered as a science that sets the norms of correct reasoning, on the contrary, in the case of a classical understanding of normativity as an unambiguous requirement to obey its canons, narrows the idea of correct reasoning. In this regard, logic was heavily criticized by social activists at the end of the twentieth century. In ex­treme cases, the critics called for a complete rejection of logic as a normative theory. However, within the logical theory, there is also a gradual process of expanding the norm. This process is associated, firstly, with a revision of ideas about the normativity of logic, and secondly, with the fact that logicians began to propose models of reasoning that are clearly erroneous from a pragmatic point of view. The author proposes solutions to the following tasks: firstly, she considers the main ideas of neurodiversity as well as the dialogical approach to understanding the normativity of logic; secondly, she consid­ers the process of expanding the norm of reasoning within the framework of neurodiver­sity and logic.
On deontology, duty and aestheticism
Authors:   Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Ryskeldiyeva Lora T.
Published: April 2022

The article raises the question of the place and role of deontology in philosophical dis­course. In the works of the classics of deontological thought, we find different answers to this question: Aristotle understands δέοντος in the broadest context and seeks to combine “should be” (correct, established, “horizontal”) and “ought to be” (corresponding to the model, the will of God, “vertical”); in the Kantian doctrine, duty-Pflicht as a vertical ele­vates a person above herself; J. Bentham criticizes the idea of duty as a fiction, “ought to” is criticized as an expression of violence and lays the foundations for consequentialism. The author of the article puts forward the thesis about the “inevitability of obligation”, that is, the non-eliminativity of expressions of obligation from philosophical discourse: they play an effective role, transforming worldview into world-attitude, theory into prac­tice, description into proscription. The ought to be (“should be”) expresses the type of attitude that can be called “rejection” and can be seen to reveal the basis of what P.P. Gaidenko called “the tragedy of aestheticism” or the result of a contemplative and theoretical attitude to the world. It is characteristic of modernity, which does not abandon plans to transform (and nowadays technocratic “reassembly”) the world. The possibility of such a world attitude is a distinctive feature of European philosophy, founded by the insurmountable gap between what is and what is due. The duty of action (“ought to do”) is associated with the world-attitude as “acceptance” and a cardinal positive solution to the problem of the correlation between “ought to” and “can”.
The structure of the subject of “experience of consciousness” and the way of comprehending the spirit in Hegel’s philosophy: time, history, “recollection”
Authors:   Bunin Yelets State University, Korotkikh Vyacheslav I.
Published: April 2022

The object of investigation in this paper is the significance of the structure of the narrator in Hegel’s “Phenomenology of Spirit” for understanding the content of the basic concepts of the work – time, history, “recollection”. This structure is determined by the correlation between the consciousness of the author and that of the reader, consciousness itself as an object of consideration and its own object. Each of the narrators goes through the same path from the point of view of logical content (“сircle” of “experience of consciousness”) but at the same time, objectivity itself is constantly becoming more complex. Time, his­tory and “recollection” are the concepts of “experience of consciousness”, which act as universal object equivalents of experience, corresponding to the specified kinds of narra­tors. They reflect the movement of consciousness towards comprehending the spirit, this movement not only determines the main plot of “Phenomenology of Spirit”, but also re­tains its significance for the entire philosophy of Hegel. The need to recognize the dialog­ical nature of the “Phenomenology of Spirit” is determined by the fact that the meaning of the narrative as a whole is made up of roll calls that arise as a result of the reproduc­tion of the same plots of experience from different points of view, and on this basis there is an ascent to the spirit and the “recollection” that embraces it. The analysis of the con­sideration of time, history and “recollection” as forms of objectivity of “experience of consciousness” shows that Hegel also developed a “Phenomenology of History” that is fundamentally different from the well-known course “Philosophy of History”: the move­ment of images of consciousness acts as a deep layer of the historical process in it, which is reproduced in “recollection” as the historical equivalent of “Logic”.
The late scholastic roots of Alexius Meinong’s theory of objects
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vdovina Galina V.
Published: April 2022

The theory of objects is usually considered as a pioneering endeavor of Alexius Meinong. In this paper, we intend to show that it finds parallels in the late scholastic philosophy of the fourteenth and seventeenth centuries. First, we argue for the assumption that Meinong may have been aware of scholastic ideas akin to his own. Second, our hypothesis is ex­amined in terms of the logic of the problem itself, that is, the logic of the objectivity of thought. To do so, we delineate the basic theses of Meinong’s theory as follows: 1) the thesis of the pure object and of givenness to cognition as a universal property of the ob­ject in general; 2) the thesis of the necessity of a discipline designed to investigate the ob­ject as such; 3) the being of the object. Ways of being. Independence of so-being from be­ing; 4) transition from “the third kind” of being conception to the idea of Aussersein; 5) the thesis about internal structure of so-being, nuclear and extranuclear properties of the object. Each of theses is compared with the corresponding elements of late scholastic discourse. As a result, we conclude that Meinong’s theory can be considered as a continu­ation and development of similar ideas in scholasticism, despite the difference in the orig­inal contexts and explicit tasks in the two traditions. This means that a study of late scholasticism can be very useful also for a better understanding of the intentional theories of the Brentano school and, in particular, Alexius Meinong’s theory of objects.
The transcendentality of the humanities
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State Marine Technical University, Medvedev Vladimir I.
Published: April 2022

The article regards the principal aspects by which cognition in the humanities is different from that in natural sciences. If the task of transcendental philosophy is the analysis of general conditions of our experience, such status can be prescribed to all disciplines that study human as a subject. General conditions of experience determine our experience even when we make them the object of analysis. Marx’s and Manheim’s sociology of knowledge is used as an example to show that sociology of knowledge as a study of the dependence of social ideas on social interests remains inside the domain of its own laws. This fact gives us the opportunity to treat it not as an objective science, but rather as hermeneutics. Its main purpose is not to unmask other people’s ideological illusions. So­ciology of knowledge is rather a way of self-understanding, which affords us to pay at­tention to our own possible ideological bias. Structuralism and cognitive sciences as at­tempts at a scientific analysis of humans and society try to ignore the transcendental na­ture of their conclusions. If some fundamental structure underlies all our intellectual ac­tivity, it should control the perspective that structuralists take on it as well. If our self is an illusion formed by the objective neuronic dynamics, as cognitivists assert, they lose the right to reason in first person, to put goals of developing our consciousness in a par­ticular direction. As long as we study the man and society in the humanities, our knowl­edge has a transcendental status. The humanities do not study some object that is external to us. They do not give us technical knowledge or technological recipes. Their goal is to make our self-understanding deeper.
False argument, three Liars and a conclusive end of a discussion
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Lisanyuk Elena N. , Fayzikhodzhaeva Dilbarhon I. ,   National University of Uzbekistan
Published: April 2022

We propose a conception of false argument as the opposite to the conception of valid argument with respect to three approaches to arguments, inferential, dialogical, and abstract. A false argument is strongly invalid according to all the validity criteria of arguments, as distinct from a weakly invalid argument amounting to flawed arguments ac­cording to one of the criteria. The examples from the narratives of the film “Wag the dog” and A. Strindberg’s novel “The Sacred Bull or The Triumph of Lies” illustrate the rele­vance of the conception of false arguments for the analysis of argumentation from the perspective of the addressee, which paves the way for differentiating the epistemological approach to falsity from that of logic. False arguments are defined in three ways of refer­ring to them in dialogs, referential, attributive and self-referring, call them Liars (a), (b) and (c) respectively. False arguments of Liar (b) exist for all the three kinds of arguments. In the referential sense, there exists only a dialogical false argument; inferential false ar­guments are redundant. The conception of a false dialogical argument supports an effec­tive resolution of difference of opinions in discussion where the author fails to prove their point.
Design Rules for a Wearable Micro-Fabricated Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor
Authors: Jafarizadeh Borzooye , Chowdhury Azmal Huda , Khakpour Iman , Pala Nezih , Wang Chunlei
Published: April 2022

Wearable flexible piezoresistive pressure sensors hold wide-ranging potential in human health monitoring, electronic skin, robotic limbs and other human-machine interfaces. Out of the most successful recent efforts for arterial pulse monitoring are sensors with micro-patterned conductive elastomers. However, low current output signal (typically in the range of nanoamperes), bulky and expensive measurement equipment for useful signal acquisition inhibits their wearability. Herein, through finite element analysis we establish the design rules for a highly sensitive piezoresistive pressure sensor with output that is high enough to be detectable by simple and inexpensive circuits to ensure wearability. We also show that out of four frequently reported micro-feature shapes in micro-patterned piezoresistive sensors, micro-dome and micro-pyramid yield the highest sensitivity. Furthermore, investigations of different conductivity values of micro-patterned elastomers found that coating the elastomer with a conductive material (usually metallic) leads to higher current response when compared to composited conductive elastomers. Finally, geometric parameters and spatial configurations of micro-pyramid design of piezoresistive sensor were optimized. The results show that an enhanced sensitivity and higher current output is achieved by lower spatial density configuration of 3 micro-feature per millimeter length, smaller feature size of around 100 µm, and 60-50 degrees pyramid angle.
AAV-deliverable hypercompact adenine base editors based on transposase B guided by engineered RNA
Authors: Kim Do Yon , Chung Yuhee , Lee Yujin , Jeong Dongmin , Park Kwang-Hyun , Chin Hyun Jung , Lee Jeong Mi , Park Seyeon , Ko Sumin , Ko Jeong-Heon , Kim Yong-Sam
Published: April 2022

Transposon-associated transposase B (TnpB) is deemed an ancestral protein for type V, Cas12 family members, and the closest ancestor to UnCas12f1 due to its high sequence similarity. Previously, we reported a set of engineered guide RNAs supporting high indel efficiency for Cas12f1 in human cells. Here, we suggest a new technology whereby the engineered gRNAs also manifest highly efficiency programmable endonuclease activity for TnpB, termed TaRGET (TnpB-augment RNA-based Genome Editing Technology). Having this feature in mind, we established TnpB-based adenine base editors. A codon-optimized Tad-Tad mutant (V106W, D108Q) dimer fused to the C-terminus of dTnpB (D354A) showed the highest levels of A-to-G conversion. The limited targetable sites for TaRGET-ABE were expanded by either developing several PAM variants of TnpB or by engineering TnpB and optimizing deaminases at PAM-distal and PAM-proximal sites, respectively. When delivered by AAV, the TaRGET-ABE showed potent A-to-G conversion rates in human cells. Collectively, the TaRGET-ABE will contribute to improving precise genome-editing tools that can be delivered by AAV, thereby harnessing the development of CRISPR-based gene therapy.
Spatial distribution of Dicrocoelium in the Himalayan ranges: potential impacts of ecological niches and climatic variables
Authors: Khan Muhammad Asim , Afshan Kiran , Sargison Neil D. , Betson Martha , Firasat Sabika , Chaudhry Umer
Published: April 2022

Dicrocoeliosis can be an important cause of production loss in ruminants due to the cost of liver condemnation at slaughter. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of Dicrocoelium infection and to predict the ecological niches and climatic variables that support dicrocoeliosis in the Himalayan ranges of Pakistan. Thirty-three of 381 liver samples were collected at slaughter and 238 of 6060 blood samples from sheep and goat herds in the region were positive for Dicrocoelium. The prevalence of dicrocoeliosis was higher in sheep than in goats and highest in females aged greater than three years. An environmental risk map was created to predict active zones of transmission and showed the highest probability values in central parts of the Chitral district in the northwest of Pakistan. Climatic variables of the mean monthly diurnal temperature range (Bio2), annual precipitation (Bio12), and normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) were found to be significantly (p<0.05) associated with the presence of Dicrocoelium infection. Together, the findings of this study demonstrate the most suitable ecological niches and climatic variables influencing the risk of dicrocoeliosis in the Himalayan ranges of Pakistan. The methods and results could be used as a reference to inform the control of dicrocoeliosis in the region.
Explore the Performance of Receiver Algorithm in OTFS Based on DNN
Authors: Li Qingyu , Gong Yi , Liu Yujia , Xu Zhan
Published: April 2022

In high mobility communication scenarios, the frequency dispersion will destroy the orthogonality of subcarriers in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems and cause Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI). Instead, Orthogonal Time Frequency and Space (OTFS) modulation shows excellent performance in high mobility cases and can effectively counter ICI caused by Doppler shift. Previous OTFS receiver algorithms divide the receiver into different modules and design the schemes separately, making it difficult to achieve the optimum global performance of the whole receiver. In this paper, a data-driven OTFS receiver based on Deep Neural Network (DNN) is presented, which can jointly consider multiple tasks of the OTFS receiver. In addition, the leaky Rectified Linear Unit (leaky ReLU) is applied as the activation function to replace the ReLU, which can improve the accuracy of DNN. After the training process, the proposed data-driven OTFS receiver based on DNN can directly recover the initially transmitted data without explicit channel estimation. Moreover, the proposed OTFS receiver based on DNN can effectively counter channel distortion, which achieves good robustness for the variation of channel parameters. Simulation results show that the proposed data-driven OTFS receiver with DNN can achieve better performance than traditional methods.
Bioequivalence Study of Domperidone Dry Suspension in Chinese Healthy Subjects Under Fasted and Fed Conditions: An Open-label, Randomized, Single-dose, Crossover Trial
Authors: Wu lihua , Huang Qian , Lin Meihua , Kai Jiejing , Huang Yujie , Zhai You , Liu Jian , Shentu Jianzhong
Published: April 2022

Background Domperidone, a selective antagonist of dopamine D2 receptors, has long been used as a prokinetic agents in the treatment of epigastric distress symptoms. This study aimed to provide adequate evidence for registration approval of a new genetic dry suspension formulation of domperidone by comparing the safety and pharmacokinetic profiles between the test and branded reference formulation in the context of fasted and fed condition.Methods It was designed as a randomized, open-label, single-dose, two-period, two-treatment crossover study. 32 and 28 eligible healthy subjects were enrolled in the fasted and fed study, respectively. Each subject was randomly assigned to receive either the test or reference formulation in the first period, followed by a 1-week washout period and dosing of the alternate formulation in the second period. A series of blood samples were collected at scheduled timepoints within 48 hours after administration during each treatment period. Plasma concentrations of domperidone were determined by validated HPLC-MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters, including Cmax, Tmax, AUC0–t, AUC0–∞, and t1/2, were acquired based on the concentration versus time profiles by non-compartmental analysis using WinNonlin software. Then the geometric mean ratios (GMR) of Cmax, AUC0–t and AUC0–∞ between the two formulations and corresponding 90% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for bioequivalence determination. Safety was assessed as routine.Results The two formulations showed similar pharmacokinetic profiles. Under fasted condition, the GMR and corresponding 90% CIs of AUC0–t, AUC0-∞ and Cmax were 101.48% (96.79% to 106.38%), 101.17% (96.66% to 105.90%) and 104.61% (96.73% to 113.14%) , respectively. Under fed condition, the GMR and corresponding 90% CIs were 105.46% (99.19% to 112.12%), 104.21% (98.19% to 110.61%) and 112.78% (103.64% to 122.73%), respectively for AUC0–t, AUC0-∞ and Cmax. All the values fell within the accepted bioequivalence range of 80% to 125%. Both the test and the reference products were well tolerated without any serious or unexpected adverse reactions.Conclusions Pharmacokinetic bioequivalence was established between the two dry suspension formulations of domperidone in Chinese healthy subjects. Both products were safe and well tolerated.Trial Registration ChiCTR, ChiCTR1900023947. Registered 19 June 2019- Retrospectively registered, http:// www.chictr.org.cn/ChiCTR1900023947.
Coherent charge transfer by intermolecular electron waveguides
Authors: Petek Hrvoje , Li Xintong , Chen Linjie , Li Andi , Xu Huimin , Shen Guangzhen , Liu Jianyi , Cui Xuefeng , Tan Shijing , Zhao Jin , Apkarian Vartkess , Wang Bing
Published: April 2022

Photon absorption and charge separation define the molecular efficiency to harvest light energy in natural photosynthesis, and capture optical signals in engineered photovoltaic devices1,2. Molecular materials offer a boundless design palette for light energy capture and electron transport. They act as chromophores, charge donors, conductors, and acceptors, providing charges and paths for their transport through molecular wires, like conjugated chains3 and double stranded DNA4,5. Charge can also flow intermolecularly, but that is inefficient because it is correlated with a molecular solvation cloud. Here we report on coherent waveguided electron transport as a new paradigm for charge transfer and separation. We show bipyridyl ethylene molecule self-assembled monolayer on Ag(111) surface act as a wet-electron quantum well waveguide6 for the coherent charge transfer spanning their length. We excite electrons from the metal-molecule surface state to a ladder of Floquet states7 and follow their waveguiding in energy and time into the molecule-vacuum image potential states8. Through ultrafast multiphoton photoemission spectroscopy7, we resolve the femtosecond timescale coherent charge flow, and capture the non-Markovian dynamics associated with the image potential formation9,10. Electron transport by templated molecular waveguide arrays provides a new design principle for coherent opto-electronics, and may elucidate unresolved puzzles in molecular conductivity.
Extent of utilization of radiologic images in gross anatomy teaching, experience of Ethiopian medical schools.
Authors: Fekadu Natae , Tekle Yared
Published: April 2022

Background: One of the greatest developments in modern medicine is the strides taken in Radiology. Today, thanks to high tech gadgets like computer tomography (CT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound a noninvasive glimpse into the human interior has been made possible. Albeit few medical specialties still “open and see”, it is believed anatomical challenges to the majorities of practicing physicians come via this venue. To keep pace to this new development many medical school anatomy curriculums have undergone a face lift; emphasizing in their syllabus on radiologic Anatomy. This therefore is a work to determine if the strides taken in clinical radiology are paralleled in Ethiopian anatomic classes.Methodology: Through the Ethiopian anatomical society, members offering gross anatomy course to undergraduate medical students were identified. Once the identified individual had agreed to participate in our survey, an e-mail was sent directing them to the Web site that hosted the survey. Subsequently survey responses were compiled and analyzed.Result: Among 28 public medical schools found in Ethiopia, faculties from 20 medical schools participated. Of 42 anatomists available in these medical schools, 34 responded to the survey questions making response rate at 80.9%. The survey showed 55.9% of the instructors used radiologic images of one form or another in their teaching. However, it also revealed radiologic images comprise <5% of the total teaching images. It also showed majority (73.5%) of the instructors lacked any prior training or course work in radiologic anatomy. Despite full time radiology faculties existing in the schools a relationship between the anatomy and radiology department is virtually unheard of. Conclusion: This survey clearly indicated the role radiologic anatomy plays to be at rudimentary level. We have identified lack of prior training on the part of the instructors. We, therefore, recommend the concerned authorities provide continue medical education on radiologic anatomy.
Stock structure analysis of Upeneus vittatus based on morphometric, meristic and otolith shape analysis along the Indian coast
Authors: Nama Suman , Bhushan Shashi , Ramteke Karan Kumar , Jaiswar Ashok Kumar , Nayak Binaya Bhusan , Pathak Vikash , Akter Sahina
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to assess the stock structure of Upeneus vittatus from the Indian waters based on morphometric, meristic and otolith shape analysis. A total of 197 specimens were collected during ‘2018–2019’ from the three landing centres (Mumbai, Kakinada, and Puri) along the Indian coast and otolith from each specimen were removed carefully. The contours of each otolith were investigated using the quantitative shape analysis software package ShapeR and Wavelet transform analysis model. The otolith contours were further processed for multivariate methods such as canonical analysis of principal component (CAP) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The CAP results showed that wavelet transform methods effectively extract otolith shape contours. The LDA of Wavelet coefficients showed an overall correct classification of 77.1%. A total of 20 morphometric and 10 meristic traits were extracted and subjected to statistical analysis. Factor analysis (FA) of morphometric variables shows first three factors together contribute 85.38% of the total variation. The first and second factors exhibited significant variation on the pre-pelvic length, Pre- pectoral length, Head length, preorbital length, caudal peduncle length and preorbital length of the fish body. Discriminant function analysis (DFA) shows correct classification rate of 69.04%. Meristic characters do not show significant variation among the sampled locations. Our findings suggest the existence of two different stocks of U. vittatus along the Indian coast. We need to adopt different management strategies for sustainable exploitation of the resources. The study recommends that otolith shape analysis is an efficient phenotypic marker to assess the stock structure of fishes than morphometric analysis.
Iron to catalyze ammonia synthesis at low temperature
Authors: Hara Michikazu , Hattori Masashi , Okuyama Natsuo , Kurosawa Hiyori
Published: April 2022

Ammonia is used to provide food for over 5 billion people; however, it is currently required to be produced without the use of fossil fuels to reduce global CO2 emissions by 3% or more. To significantly decrease the energy consumed to produce ammonia from H2 and N2 with heterogeneous catalyst by the Haber-Bosch (HB) process, both H2 production from water and the HB process could be driven with only renewable electricity toward ammonia production without CO2 emissions. It is thus indispensable to devise heterogeneous catalysts for the synthesis of ammonia below 100‒150 °C to minimize the energy consumption of the process. Furthermore, the desired catalyst should be produced from ubiquitous and abundant resources on a large scale to maintain ammonia production that would reach 170 million tons per year. Here we report metallic iron as a catalyst for ammonia synthesis at 100 °C in combination with an electron-donating material as a new approach. The iron catalyst revealed that iron can exhibit a few hundred to several thousand times higher efficiency (turnover frequency) for ammonia synthesis than other transition metals used in highly active catalysts because of the intrinsic nature of iron to desorb adsorbed hydrogen atoms as hydrogen molecules at low temperature.
WITHDRAWN: Changing the morphology of biofilm materials to improve the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification stability of rotating biological contactors with seasonal changes
Authors: Gao Cheng , Chen Yi , Ao Tianqi , Guo Qingpeng , Chen wenqing
Published: April 2022

Rotating biological contactors (RBCs) have the advantages of simple operation, low sludge output, small footprint, and low operating cost and have been extensively studied. This study investigated the pollutant removal effects of two polyethylene materials with different specific surface areas and pore structures (flat and cylindrical) in RBC low-temperature operation. The results of 16S amplicon sequencing showed that fillers with porous channels and a large specific surface area can improve the stability of the microbial community structure and the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) efficiency of RBCs with seasonal changes. Under low-temperature (10°C) operating conditions, the removal efficiencies of the flat, porous D material for chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen were 74%, 60%, and 55%, respectively. The removal efficiencies of the cylindrical single-hole X material for COD, ammonia nitrogen, and total nitrogen were 48%, 38%, and 35%, respectively. The results are of great significance for the practical application of RBCs, especially in low-temperature environments.
Expression of Tie2 (angiopoietin receptor) on the monocyte subpopulations from ischemic stroke patients: Histological and flowcytometric studies
Authors: Alrafiah Aziza R
Published: April 2022

Introduction:Different monocytes subpopulations have a distinct role as phagocytic subsets but also act as pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic subsets (i.e.Tie2-expressing monocytes, or TEMs).Recruitment of the monocyte-derived macrophages to the affected brain occurs most abundantly between 3–7 days after the occurrence of ischemic stroke. Aim:To investigate the expression levels of Tie2 (a receptor of angiopoietin) on monocytes and their subpopulations using histological and immune-histological study of bone marrow biopsies and blood flowcytometric examination from ischemic stroke patients.Methods:Ischemic stroke patients were selected within 2 days after clinical confirmation by medical consultants. Healthy volunteers matched with age and sex participated as the control group. Bone marrow trephine biopsies from the iliac crest were performed and fixed for histological and immunohistological staining by anti CD14 and CD68. Fresh blood samples were collected and analyzed by flowcytometry for total monocytes, monocyte subpopulations and Tie2 expressing monocytes (TEMs), following staining with CD45, CD14, CD16, and Tie2 monoclonal antibodies. Results:Examination of poststroke patients’ bone marrow cells demonstrated hypercellularity. There were an apparent increase of CD 68 and CD 14 positive cells expression. Also, the ischemic stroke patients exhibited a significant increase in the percentage of intermediate monocytes CD14highCD16+ with a low percentage of non-classical CD14lowCD16++ monocytes. In addition,Tie2 expressing monocytes were significantly higher in ischemic stroke patients compared to the control group.Conclusion:In conclusion, the current results demonstrated dysregulation of the angiogenic function of monocytes subsets, which could be an early diagnostic marker to start either a neurovascular repair therapy or improve medications attributed to highly senescent subpopulations.
Impact of confinement on the reduction of pollution and particulate matter concentrations. Reflections for public transport policies.
Authors: Urrutia-Mosquera Jorge Andrés , Flórez-Calderón Luz Angela
Published: April 2022

We use official data from the Chilean Government's National Air Quality Information System (SINCA) for the Metropolitan Region of Santiago and estimate the impact of COVID-19 confinement on the variation in concentration levels of particulate matter PM2.5 and PM10. We also measured the impact on the variation of NOx levels. All three pollutants are related to the transport sector. We found that overall, there is a significant difference between the average concentration levels of particulate matter PM2.5 and PM10 reported in 2019 and 2020. As well as the concentration levels of NOx, in the periods, indicated. In particular, we found that, for the months of total confinement, May-July, monthly average levels decreased between 7% and 19% for particulate matter PM2.5; between 18% and 50% for particulate matter PM10 and between 34% and 48% for NOx gas. These results represent the maximum indirect impact that can be expected in reducing the concentration levels of these pollutants as a result of an eventual transport policy aimed at reducing the concentration levels of PM2.5, PM10, and NOx in the city of Santiago de Chile.
Optical frequency-standard transitions defined for ultrafast laser
Authors: Cheng Wang-Yau , Liu Tze-Wei , Chen Bo-Wei , Yu Hsin-Hung
Published: April 2022

The clock transitions recommended by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) are never realized by the ultrafast laser, owing to the insufficient spectral resolution and the difficulty of removing the residual Doppler background. Hence, investigations on the related frequency accuracy were not yet reported in literature. In other words, when a metrologist intends to suggest some clock transitions for locking an ultrafast mode-locked laser to become comb clock, three essential criteria must be satisfied: 1) high spectral resolution in the pulse train-atom interaction in which the target quantum state have been recognized by BIPM or have been proved to yield high frequency reliability, 2) pulse repetition rate and laser mode offset frequency are uniquely defined by the aforementioned target levels, 3) and possible error sources that would influence the transition frequencies are clarified. In this report we meet the above three criteria by using merely one 6-cm Cs-Rb glass cell, with which we not only demonstrate a compact scheme but also point out some intriguing physics in comb laser-atom interaction that benefits to verify the frequency accuracy.
Comparison of Botulinum Toxin (BoNT) Injection and Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy (redo-LIS) for Recurrent Anal Fissure Treatment
Authors: Alyanak Ahmet , Gülen Merter , Ege Bahadır
Published: April 2022

Today’s gold standard for treating chronic anal fissure is the Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy (LIS). Botulinum Toxin (BoNT) injection is, on the other hand, an alternative treatment for patients who do not want to have surgical treatment, patients undergoing chemotherapy, patients of high risk for surgery, and those who have the risk of anal incontinence (e.g. elderly, past anorectal surgery, vaginal multiple births, etc.). The objective of this work is to compare the effectiveness of BoNT and redo-LIS for treatment of post-LIS recurrent chronic anal fissure, and reveal differences if any.Purpose: This study aims to compare redo-LIS and BoNT injection for treating post-LIS recurrent anal fissure.Material and method: Nineteen patients who received LIS treatment and then redo-LIS or BoNT injection due to recurrence in the follow-up were included in this study as they met the criteria for doing so. Their data on age, sex, anal incontinence scores and pain (VAS score) score as well. Results: During the 6-month post-surgery follow-up period, there was statistically significant difference (p<0.01) between groups by pain. No deterioration in the incontinence scores of patients in the group during the 6-month post-surgery period.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that redo lateral internal sphincterotomy (LIS) is a reliable method for patients who received LIS but developed recurrent chronic anal fissure, and achieves successful results in terms of recurrence and relief of pain.
Application of Machine-learning models in Predicting Transfusion Among Complex Renal Stones Patients Receiving Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Yang Yue , Cao Zhi , Wang Wei , Yang Chenglin , Wang Kaiqiang , Qiu Xiaofu
Published: April 2022

Background: To predict and compare machine-learning models with logistic regression (LR) for transfusion requirement among complex renal stones patients receiving PCNL. Methods: The data of 513 patients with complex renal stones receiving PCNL between January 2015 and December 2021 from 2 centers were analyzed retrospectively and reviewed the pre-, intra-, and post-operation factors. We used 80% training set and 20% test set for the predictions of transfusion by LR and machine-learning algorithms, random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and extreme gradient boosting trees (XGBoost), and compared the prediction accuracies, precisions, and area under curve (AUC) values of receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curves in each model. Results: In our study, the prediction accuracies of RF (Accuracy = 0.974), SVM (Accuracy = 0.968) and XGBoost (Accuracy = 0.968) models all outperformed LR (Accuracy = 0.948), and the precision of RF (Precision = 0.818) was higher than XGBoost (Precision = 0.8), SVM (Precision = 0.8) and LR (Precision = 0.8). Moreover, RF (AUC = 0.962), SVM (AUC = 0.786) and XGBoost (AUC = 0.867) offered higher AUC values than LR (AUC = 0.77). The RF confirmed size of tract, number of tracts, and puncture correctness as significant risk factors, which was the same as LR model, while the size of tract was the main factor in XGBoost. Conclusions: All machine-learning algorithms yielded better predictions than LR for transfusion among PCNL patients. The importance of machine learning algorithm can give matched insights to domain knowledge on effective and influential factors for transfusion requirement.
Comparison of segmentectomy guided by thin-slice CT or 3D CT simulation: A retrospective study
Authors: Zhao Yunpeng , Shan Lei , Zhang Weiquan , Peng Chuanliang , Cong Bo , Zhao Xiaogang
Published: April 2022

Background: We first introduce in detail how to read and understand thin-slice CT images to guide segmentectomy and then compare it with guidance by three-dimensional (3D) CT simulation.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 111 patients who underwent VATS segmentectomy from September 2019 to September 2021. They were divided into the CT group (55 cases) and 3D simulation group (56 cases). Mean values were compared using Student’s t test, and frequency distributions were compared using the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test.Results: The mean patient age in the CT and 3D simulation groups was 55.9 and 55.7 years, respectively, with 31 (56.4%) and 33 (58.9%) females in the CT and 3D simulation groups, respectively. Preoperative hospitalized preparation required an average of 2.8 days in the CT group compared to 3.6 days in 3D simulation group (p=0.0018). An average preoperative decision time of 1.3 days was required in the CT group, which was significantly different from the 2.3 days required in the 3D simulation group (p=0.0000). Noncomplex segmentectomy and some cases of complex segmentectomy, could be performed under the guidance of scientific reading of thin-slice CT images. There was no significant difference in the number of times the CT images or 3D simulation needed to be referenced during surgery (P=0.233) between the two groups.Conclusions: The scientific reading and understanding of thin-slice CT images may provide good guidance in most cases of VATS segmentectomy, shortening the preoperative preparation time and total hospital stay, constituting high-efficiency thoracic surgery to treat lung glass ground nodule with ERAS.