bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Wavelet Transform-Based Image Fusion Technique with Improved PSNR for CT and PET Images in Comparison with Discrete Cosine Transform-Based Image Fusion Technique
Authors: R Nanmaran , B Luminasree
Published: April 2022

The image fusion process is characterized as gathering all relevant data from multiple images and combining it into a smaller number of images, typically only one. The aim of image fusion is to merge data from multiple images of the same scene into a single image that, in theory, contains all of the original images' important features. As a result, the resulting fused image would be better suited to human and machine perception as well as image processing tasks. Materials and methods: In this work, wavelet transform-based image fusion technique was proposed and developed to improve the quality of images. The proposed work is compared with discrete cosine transform based image fusion technique using Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Universal Image Quality Index (UIQI) values and sample size for each group is 30. The threshold value is set to 0.05 and the confidence interval as 95%. Results: The performance of image fusion of both algorithms are measured by using parameters PSNR and UIQI. High values of PSNR and UIQI indicates the better image fusion. Discrete wavelet transform provides mean value of PSNR (15.8460 dB), mean value of UIQI (0.1966%), and discrete cosine transform provides the mean value of PSNR (15.8783 dB), mean value of UIQI (0.0802%). The insignificant values of PSNR 1 (P=0.894), PSNR 2 (P=0.643), UIQI (P=0.057). Conclusion: Based on the experimental results, it is observed that the discrete wavelet transform-based image fusion method performs better discrete cosine transform.
Arnold Transform Based Medical Image Scrambling and Reconstruction Technique with Improved PSNR Parameter for Increasing the Robustness of Digital Watermarking Algorithms in Comparison with Random Shuffling Method
Authors: R Nanmaran , Renusree Karnam
Published: April 2022

In this work, a new transform-based technique to secure the data in watermarking algorithm is proposed. Materials and methods: In this research, Arnold transform-based image scrambling method developed and compared with random shuffling method and 30 is the sample size of each group. All medical images are collected from standard medical database. Results: The execution of image scrambling algorithm is calculated using peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and universal index quality measure (UIQI) parameters. Low values of PSNR and UIQI represent higher scrambling. Arnold transform provides mean PSNR value of 7.1314db and UIQI is 69.0437%. Random shuffling provides mean PSNR value is 9.2890db, and UIQI is 75.3633%. Conclusion: Based on the experimental and the statistical analysis by using the independent sample T test, the Arnold transform-based image scrambling method performs significantly better than random shuffling method with PSNR (P=0.01) and UIQI (P=0.21).
A Review on Electrospun PVDF-Metal Nanoparticle Composites for Electronic Applications
Authors: Reshma K , Indumathy B , Gunasekhar R , Arun Anand Prabu
Published: April 2022

In this review, we have discussed on the latest development in metal nanoparticle composites based on PVDF via electrospinning process for electronic applications. Human robotics, wireless-data communication, nanogenerators, wearable biocompatible/bio-inspirable sensors, motion detectors, and actuators have become a key component in self-powered IoT devices. Due to the power demand, an urge is in the industry for fabricating portable, flexible, and sustainable green micro and nano devices. PVDF and its copolymers have attracted greater attention because of their excellent piezoelectric, dielectric, magnetic, and good mechanical properties, suitable for lightweight application and due to the biocompatible nature. Piezoelectric property can be enhanced with the addition of different metal nanoparticles and can be used for various application like sensor, actuators, energy harvesters, health monitors, EMI shielding. Interesting results reported by many research groups working in this field is consolidated in this review paper.
Simulation of Carbon Nanotubes and NANO Based Material for Molecular Device Applications
Authors: Deshmukh Radhika , D Saravanan , Kumar Yogendra , Srinivas Ganganagunta
Published: April 2022

Experimental approaches would involve a significant investment of time and money, but computer simulation delivers accurate predictions in a relatively short period of time. When materials are scaled down from their bulk form to the nanoscale, scientists have seen a number of unexpected and unusual behaviors shown by them. Many molecular devices have functional qualities that have been hypo research articled using computational modeling technologies, such as molecular rectifying, negative differential resistance (NDR), and switch behaviors in many cases. A growing number of low-dimensional materials (or nanomaterials) such as graphene, carbon chain (or nanowires), and carbon nanotubes have received considerable interest in recent years, primarily in the context of practical applications and theoretical study. At the same time, researchers continue to struggle to come up with a structure and modulation of their properties that is relevant. Recently, the remarkable capabilities of carbon-based materials have drawn a great deal of interest, since their applications and functions indicate that they have the potential to replace silicon-based electronic components in the future. It is possible to construct molecular devices as small as nanometers in size and that are freestanding, readily adjusted, have great stability, and are preferred to conventional molecular devices. With the use of an atomistic-level computational technique, the research effort reported in this research article aims to predict the electrical and transport characteristics of a range of nanometer-scaled devices. Experiments using carbon-based materials, such as carbon nanotubes, to determine their transport characteristics.
SWOT Analysis of E-Book Market in India – with Special Reference to Odisha Higher Education Sector
Authors: Mitra Ananya , Mitra Gautam
Published: April 2022

Before Covid the launch of ‘Digital India’ program set the ground for competition in the field advance technology across India. The launch of 4G technologies made Indian telecom sector a booming market for advanced technology. With growing demand for technical education the demand for technically advanced educational goods also increased in India before 2020. During 2020 social distancing education became online. This increased the demand for digitalized educational goods by teachers working from home and students learning online. With pay cut, accompanied by low production both parties could not afford the rising price of digitalized educational goods. This paved way for search of less priced (or even free) yet qualitative digitalized educational goods like e-book. Post pandemic experts believe that the market for e-book is going to rise worldwide. Keeping this in mind the paper makes a modest attempt to critically appreciate the top e-book a market of the world visa vies India with special reference to Odisha.
First Principles Study of Janus ZrClBr Monolayer Under Biaxial Strain
Authors: Singh Janpreet , Singh Gurinder , Tripathi S. K.
Published: April 2022

We have explored the structural, electronic, and thermoelectric properties of ZrClBr monolayer using density functional theory and semi-classical Boltzmann theory. The effect of biaxial compressive and tensile strains have been studied and compared. The band gap becomes narrow (broader) with compressive (tensile) strain as compared to that of unstrained ZrClBr monolayer. The electronic band structure is sensitive to the applied strain. The total and partial density of states have been explored. The ZrClBr monolayer is dynamically stable under the applied strain. The electronic transport coefficients are evaluated using BoltzTrap2 code under the constant relaxation time approximation. The Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and the power factor have been evaluated under both compressive and tensile at the different carrier concentrations of electrons and holes. The results show that the thermoelectric properties of ZrClBr monolayer can be tuned with the application of strain.
Screening of Suitable Size/Pore Dependent IL/UiO-66 Composite for Selective Gas Separation Application
Authors: Janani M , Prakash Muthuramalingam
Published: April 2022

The separation of toxic gases is the imperative environmental demand for which the isostructural UiO-66 metal-organic framework (MOF) has captivated, due to its exceptional thermal and chemical stability. There are two types of pores, the larger octahedral (Oh) pore (i.e., ~16 Å) and the smaller tetrahedral (Td) pore (i.e., ~10 Å), and they both perform differently in adsorbing the gas molecules. To enhance the gas separation application, green solvent ionic liquids (IL) are impregnated. The enormous application lies in its cation-anion tunability. Our interest is to find the most suitable pore for IL occupancy in UiO-66 for effectual CO2 separation. To comprehend the IL interaction inside the pores, [BMIM]+[X]- and [EMIM]+[X]- (Where X = Cl, BF4, PF6, HCOO, and CF3COO) in Oh and Td pores of UiO-66 are studied using the first principle approach. We observe the selectivity and adsorption of composites for selecting the suitable composite for gas separation application. Among the high BE composites, we found [BMIM][PF6]Oh@UiO-66 shows promising selectivity and adsorption.
An in-Depth Study of Smart Agriculture Based on Internet of Things and Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Prasath S Thanga , Navaneethan C
Published: April 2022

Most governments monitor and prioritize agriculture. Subsidies and loans to farmers to promote food production are common in many countries. They are pushing farmers to employ modern agrarian technology to boost grain quality and farming. Smart farming relies on Wireless Sensor Networks and the Internet of Things. Using the above technology, farmers may monitor their property remotely and manage their farms at any time sensors nodes installed on fields capture agricultural growth data using GPS. Sensor nodes collect data on soil nutrient levels, temperature, and humidity. The sensor delivers data to a wireless gateway, which sends it to a remote server. Researchers and scientists have been working hard to improve farmers' productivity, quantity, and quality. This study examines the impact of new technologies and sensors used in smart farming on food security and how such devices are transforming agricultural sectors to meet rising population demands.
A Secure and Cost-Effective Platform for Employee Management System Using Lightweight Standalone Framework Over Diffie Hellman’s Key Exchange Algorithm
Authors: Kakaraparthi Aditya , Karthick V
Published: April 2022

Aim: Cloud computing has become one of the most popular storage and computing technologies. The aim of this paper is to provide a secure and cost effective platform for the employee management system. Materials and Methods: This study contains a total of 2 groups, the Diffie Hellman key exchange algorithm is analyzed in the group 1 (434 samples), and the advanced encryption standard is analyzed in the group 2 (434 samples). The accuracy and efficiency of each of the models are compared. Result: This paper is to improve the efficiency of the algorithm used in the employee management system. The proposed model appears to be efficient and faster than the existing algorithm and the mean accuracy of detection is ±1SD. Conclusion: The final outcome of the existing system, Diffie Hellman’s algorithm is compared with the outcome of the advanced encryption standard algorithm, and the proposed model proved to be having higher efficiency (1.2 times faster) than the existing model.
Design of Approximate Restoring Dividers for Error Resilient Applications
Authors: Gowtham P , Sasipriya P , Anita Angeline A
Published: April 2022

In this paper, a low-power and high-speed approximate divider using restoring array architecture has been proposed. Approximation is realized by replacing the subtractor/divider cells with the approximate subtractor/divider cells through the use of reduced gate level complexity. Four approximate divider architectures, namely, AD1, AD2, AD3, and AD4, have been proposed. The amount of approximation can be scaled by introducing the approximation factor and the proposed dividers have been analyzed for different values of approximation factor. The simulation results show that the proposed dividers AD1, AD2, AD3, and AD4, with approximation factor of 10 have achieved power reduction of 17%, 30%, 23%, and 37% respectively, when compared to the exact restoring divider. The proposed dividers have also been compared with the existing approximate restoring divider and shows signification reduction in power and delay. All the simulations are carried out using 180nm CMOS technology. The image processing applications, such as change detection and background removal, have been implemented using the proposed divider to show the feasibility of employing the approximate divider for real time applications. The simulation results prove that the approximate dividers have realized a feasible PSNR for the resultant images.
A Review on the Role of Compost Microbes in the Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants
Authors: Wilson Karun , Sundar Ranjitha Dhevi V. , Arunachalam Sathiavelu
Published: April 2022

Abiotic stresses have a tremendous effect on plant growth and development, which in turn affects harvest, quality of food, and global food safety. Under stressful environment, numerous factors like molecular, biochemical, and physiology of plants are being affected. The use of chemical pesticides and inorganic fertilizers causes environmental pollutions and degradation of soil fertility. During the stress period, the plant releases certain exudates that can act as a signaling mechanism to alter or create a healthy rhizosphere soil community. The application of compost is a sustainable approach that can help plants tolerate different stress conditions and enhance plant growth as compost encompasses diverse microbial consortia functioning at different temperature segments. This review, summarizes the compost microbiology, its diversity, and functional aspects under stress conditions. This investigates pioneering and current compost research, besides different abiotic stress inducers that can trigger plants to secret exudates to defend the plant life.
Cost Optimization and Emission Control of a Grid Connected Hybrid PV-Wind System for a Health Care Centre in India
Authors: Memala W Abitha , Bhuvaneswari C , Susitra D , Priyadarshini E
Published: April 2022

The essential component of development for a nation is health care to the citizens. The skilled human resource is produced by the development of the medical and paramedical institutions. The cost optimization of the electrical energy consumption and the emission control of energy generation is analyzed using Homerpro software well before the installation of the project. The analysis of a healthcare center in Tamilnadu is performed with Homerpro software. The annual energy production and the energy consumption are estimated, and it is found that the annual energy production is improved. The greenhouse gas emission is nullified to avoid the polluted environment.
Construction of CMOS Logic Double Tail Comparator for Lower Power Consumption Compared with Dynamic Comparator
Authors: Gajawada Varun sai , J Mohana
Published: April 2022

The aim of the study is to construct and analyze innovative CMOS based double tail comparators and compare them with a dynamic comparator using VLSI technology. Materials and methods: The comparator is designed by using the tanner tool for simulation and verification. By varying the length of a transistors the power values were obtained. There are two groups in the study. CMOS double tail comparator is the experimental group and dynamic tail comparator is the control group. This experiment is performed for 20 different values of length. Results: The power consumption of a CMOS logic double tail comparator is 0.38035 followed by the dynamic comparator is 0.4934. Insignificance of 0.150 was obtained which is greater than (p<0.05). Conclusion: The consumption of power by the constructed CMOS logic double tail comparator appears to be less than dynamic double tail comparator.
IoT Based Shrewd Monitoring Framework for Children Safety
Authors: K P Revathi , T Manikandan
Published: April 2022

In the system, we have developed a smart watch that can be used to locate missing or lost children and also track the child movements outside from the home as well as for facilitating women safety. Here the user itself can create his own circle in a mobile app with some radius of distance according to their comfort. When the person is out of the location, which means out of the radius, immediately the message has been sent to the emergency contacts which are already selected before by the user in the mobile app. This process can be controlled by the end user. If the user hurts in any case, it will send the alert messages to the pre-elite contacts. GPS (Global Positioning System) is employed to urge the position of a widget in terms of latitude and meridian. Latitude and meridian values are extracted from NMEA sentences. In our system, GPS helps to send the latitude and meridian values to the list of contacts elite by the user, once the user is not within the range of the circle. This can also be used for children as well, but when it comes to children, the complete process will be done by their parents. The app will be under parental control and they create the radius of their children to know his presence or location. This device gives the solution for knowing their location faster and facilitates to take the necessary action immediately.
A Comparative Docking Analysis of Remdesivir and Dexamethasone Efficacy on Patients with COVID-19 and Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Bharadwaj Hrishikesh , Kashid Eeshaan Vinod , Prasanna Kumar Sinchana , Tutika Snigdha , L S Siddharth Kaushik
Published: April 2022

The treatment of patients having myasthenia gravis and COVID-19 is a new domain for scientific research wherein a standard model is yet to be firmly established due to the dynamic nature of the development of the two diseases in the patients. Based on a few reports obtained, one study involved the application of Dexamethasone and Remdesivir in a measured dosage.(6) The main drug of interest for this study was dexamethasone because of its innate nature of acting as an immunosuppressive agent, which helps combating the cytokine storms, which is known to cause severe respiratory issues in COVID-19 affected patients. This drug, however, does not tackle the root problem. To target the virus, Remdesivir (an antiviral drug) is chosen. The results seen are in agreement with our observations, which indicate that for the overall improvement in patient health to be seen a combination of the both these drugs along with other support systems need to be taken in order to ensure overall improvement in patient recovery.
Bi Histogram Equalization Based Image Enhancement with Bicubic Interpolation
Authors: Bhaskara Rao Jana , V G Srinivas K , Siva kumar A , Beatrice Seventline J
Published: April 2022

In image processing, enhancement histogram equalization is the widely used technique for contrast enhancement. However, this technique tends to change the brightness of the image. Here, the contrast and resolution of image were enhanced using the proposed Bi Histogram Equalization Based Image Enhancement with Bicubic Interpolation (BHBI) technique. Bi Histogram for contrast enhancement and bicubic interpolation for resolution enhancement has taken. Bi Histogram Equalization separates the input image's histogram into two based on input mean before equalizing them independently. Bicubic Interpolation can generate bigger or high-resolution image from one or more low resolution or smaller images. The performance of the BHBI method can be compared for some typical image’s cameraman lens that are applied to some existing enhancement methods like Adaptive Gamma Correction with Weighting Distribution (AGCWD), Adaptive Scale Adjustment Design of Unsharp Masking Filters (ASAUMF), Averaging Histogram Equalization (AVGHEQ), and Median-Mean Based Sub-Image-Clipped Histogram Equalization (MMSICHE). The performance of these existing techniques can be evaluated subjectively in terms of person illustration observation and measurably using Discrete Entropy (DE), Image Quality Index (IQI), Normalized Correlation Coefficient (NCC), Contrast Improvement Index (CII), and Absolute Mean Brightness Error (AMBE). The results obtained from the BHBI technique shows better when compared with respect to the various existing techniques.
A Green and Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide Using the Aqueous Extracts of Artabotrys Hexapetalus and Bauhinia Tomentosa as a Reducing Agent
Authors: S Tharani
Published: April 2022

Synthesis of r-Graphene oxide from GO by reduction using plant extracts as a green reducing agent is nowadays carried out to avoid the impact of toxic, harmful chemicals on the environment. In this context, this present investigation an eco-friendly, non-toxic, and green reducing agents of namely leaf extracts of Artabotrys hexapetalus and Bauhinia tomentosa was used to convert the Graphene oxide (GO) to Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO). The synthesized GO and RGO were characterized through UV–Visible spectroscopy,Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), 3D optical profilometer, Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), and Zeta potential analysis. UV-visible, FT-IR, and XRD results showed the partial removal of oxygen containing groups from the GO and the formation of RGO. Reduction of GO and the formation of RGO was confirmed by the increasing carbon ratio and decreasing oxygen ratio in the results of EDX analysis. SEM results clearly indicated the formation of multiple layers of RGO. Thermal stability of the synthesized RGO was analyzed by Thermo gravimetric study. Surface charge characteristics of GO and RGO were analyzed by zeta potential measurement. All these results confirmed the inexpensive and eco-friendly synthesis of RGO.
An Informative Solution to Predict and Improve Accuracy for Approving Bank Loan Using Novel Numerical and Categorical Data of the Customer by Comparing Logistic Regression Over Decision Tree Algorithm
Authors: N Shyam Prasad , D Vinod
Published: April 2022

Aim: The framework aims at classifying numerical and categorical data to predict the bank loan approval for improving customer retention rate. Materials and Methods: The customer information dataset used for training and testing of the proposed prediction model consists of 500 customers with 10 attributes. The classification of loan prediction is done by adopting logistic regression with the sample size =10 and decision trees with the sample size =10 with a G power of 80% and threshold 0.05%, CI 95% mean and standard deviation. Results and Discussion: Analysis of the results show that logistic regression (73.98%) performs better than decision tree classifier (72.35%). There is a statistically significant difference between the study groups with (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Prediction in approving bank loans shows that the logistic regression appears to generate better accuracy than the decision tree algorithm.
Study on the Effect of Stress on Muscles Among Adults and Geriatrics-a Survey
Authors: Z Mohamed Noufal , A Jothi Priya , A Archana
Published: April 2022

Old age people are associated with weakness of skeletal muscles and decrease in muscle functions. Usually in old age, people undergo wasting of muscles and loss of particular type 2 muscle fibres. So they are more prone for fall and fracture. It has stated in various research that stress and cognition has an impact on muscle functions. A survey was conducted among localities of chennai. The study population are adults and geriatrics. This study was conducted to demonstrate the effect of stress on muscle. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to explore the ‘study of the effect of stress on muscles among adults and geriatrics’. The questions were distributed among 100 individuals of various age groups ranging from 35 to 85 years and the results were evaluated. The survey was carried out using self administered, structural, and online based questions. In the 100 study population 85% of the study population are adults and 15% are geriatrics. This study shows most of the adult population have stress and tender muscles, and also it shows Geriatrics also having stress and tender muscles, but with a minimum sample study population and inappropriate procedure to measure stress we can't assume that at what gradient does stress affects our muscles. But further from current study we assume from the questions asked on the individuals, that stress is one of the causes to affect our muscle.
IoT Security on Smart Grid: Threats and Mitigation Frameworks
Authors: Kumar Ranjit , Gupta Rahul , Kumar Sunil
Published: April 2022

The number of smart grid IoTs is expected to grow exponentially in the near future, as predicted by the analyst. The improvement of a smart grid IoT security system increases due to communication technologies used in traditional power systems. Smart grid IoTs include critical devices due to its complex architectures. Smart grid IoTs that are connected and controlled remotely through the internet are becoming more universal. As a result, homes and businesses have ever increasing attack surfaces on their networks. It can lead to security arrears, and large-scale economic damage when the confidentiality and integrity of the communication is broken down. These huge systems may be endangered to threats. Consequently, there is a lot of research effort to enhance smart grid security in government, industry, and academia. We present a broad survey supported by a thorough review of earlier work. Moreover, recent advances and corrective measures are presented on smart grid IoT security. In this paper, the threats and mitigation framework of the smart grid IoT are analyzed. This paper reviews the existing literature on the smart grid IoTs in energy systems. We focus on threat types and provide an in-depth discussion of the threat state of the smart grid. Explicitly, we focus on the discussion and scrutiny of network vulnerabilities, attack countermeasures, and security requirements. We focus to supply a deep understanding of threat vulnerabilities and mitigation framework and give a path on future research directions for threat in smart grid IoTs.
Inducing Heat Tolerance in Corals Using Genetic Modification in Host and Symbiont Simultaneously
Authors: Chaudhari Lochan , Trivedi Charvi
Published: April 2022

Corals live in a symbiotic relationship with photosynthetic algae called zooxanthellae. Coral bleaching occurs when the zooxanthellae are expelled out of the corals, with as little as two degrees increase in water temperature. Our proposed hypothesis is that establishing a symbiotic relationship between genetically modified corals and genetically modified algae (zooxanthellae) can provide better heat tolerance towards the warming oceans. There is a lot of research underway in genetically modifying either corals or zooxanthellae. We propose to combine these various research into a single project and try to predict the outcomes. The main objectives of this work are to identify various attempts in making the corals and their symbionts heat resistant, maybe by assisted evolution, and present the best possible combination as the solution to bleaching. We plan to build theoretical models based on the gene regulation of both organisms.
Age and Gender Distribution of Odontogenic Cysts: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Sriram Kadambari , Laxmi Madhu
Published: April 2022

Odontogenic cysts are considered relatively rare cystic lesions which affect the maxillofacial region. They can be classified based on their origin as inflammatory cysts or developmental cysts. These cysts are characterized by slow growth and a tendency to expand. In spite of presenting with benign biological behaviour, they can reach considerable size if not diagnosed or treated appropriately. There is, however, limited literature regarding the age and gender distribution of odontogenic cysts in the geographical location where the study is undertaken. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the age and gender distribution, along with the frequency and site of occurrence of Odontogenic cysts (OC). It is a university/hospital based study. 33 patients diagnosed with odontogenic cystic lesions were included in the study. The age, gender, type of odontogenic cyst, and site affected were evaluated. The data collected was imported to IBM SPSS Version 20 for analysis. It was observed that radicular cyst was the most frequently occurring cyst (54%) and greater predilection for OCs was seen in males than in females. Higher frequency of occurrence of OCs in the upper arch (53%) was observed with significant association between cyst type and site (p<0.05). Most common age of occurrence was in the 2nd-3rd decade of life. Within the limits of the study, it was observed that a greater prevalence of radicular cysts was seen, in the 2nd-3rd decade of life, with higher frequency in the upper arch and in male population.
Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles: An In-Vitro Study
Authors: K V Bharkhavy , C Pushpalatha , Anandakrishna Latha , T Niranjana Prabhu , Rajamma Lakshmi , H M Shashanka
Published: April 2022

To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the silver nanoparticles suspended in Chitosan against Streptococcus mutans, the important causative pathogen for dental caries. Methodology: Antimicrobial activity was tested by performing the Agar Disc Diffusion test and the diameter of zone of inhibition (ZOI) was taken as the measure of antibacterial activity for the test sample (sample T), positive control, and negative control. The lack of formation of zone inhibition was construed as the absence of antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity is articulated to be resistant, when a zone of inhibition of less than 7mm was observed, 8-10mm was construed as intermediate (8-10 mm), and ZOI more than 11 mm is construed as sensitive. The positive control Streptomycin was used as the standard. Results: The results showed potential antibacterial potency of silver nanoparticle against bacterial strains tested, Streptococcus mutans, compared to standard control used for the study.
Virtual Wearable Band Using Zigbee for Iot Application
Authors: S Afana Fathima , M Kavipriya , B Preethi , S Azhageshwari , B Manikandan , S Prathap
Published: April 2022

Simply turn on your carpus then your hand becomes your mobile. It has capable of showing a touch screen display on your carpus, it facilitates the process you to have easy access and works your applications without carrying your mobile phones. The Virtual Wearable Bands shows your phone's display onto your carpus by using a Pico projector with the help of eight Proximity Sensors. These sensors allow the bracelet to identify your finger location based on the proximity sensor. In this project, the connection between the mobile app and virtual band using ZigBee. The ZigBee is the foremost technology it works in low power, low cost, and efficient network. This is IoT based project with the help of a Proximity sensor, pico-projector. Moreover, we develop a new app to interconnect bands and our own phones. we call this app as a virtual app. It is used for browsing the website, hearing music, chatting and talking with your friends and colleagues, receiving the mail at any instance, playing games, watching videos without carrying any phone with help of a Virtual Band.
Sustainable Agriculture Development through Organic Farming in India
Authors: Singh Bimlesh , Yadav Jai Prakash
Published: April 2022

The biggest challenge of post-independent India has been to produce enough food to sustain the increasing population. Hence, the Green Revolution began in the 1960s to increase food production. The Green revolution included increased farming area, double-cropping, planting two crops rather than once annually, adopting a high yield variety of seeds, improved irrigation facilities, increased use of inorganic fertilisers and pesticides, and improved farm implements and crop protection measures. Green revolution increases productivity in the short term, but the soil becomes infertile in long run increasing the risk of future food crises. The scientists are suggesting organic farming as an alternative to overcome the problem of future food risk. The main objective of this paper is to determine whether India will achieve the goal of sustainable development by using organic farming. It also discusses the obstacle in this process and possible solutions.
Fault Diagnosis of Rolling Element Bearing: A Review
Authors: Sahu Devendra , Dewangan Ritesh Kumar , Matharu Surendra Pal Singh
Published: April 2022

With recent advancements and advent of industry 4.0 model, industries are transforming the traditional methods to intelligent and digitization techniques, which create high demand for scientific and effective health management of mechanical equipment. The aim of this paper is to do a comparative study of different fault diagnosis techniques in rolling elements bearing. It will also help to better understand the process and approaches of all types of fault detection techniques, which will give new insights for the research leading to further improvement in the performance of rolling elements bearing. Early and accurate identification of the fault is of paramount importance, as it can help to further prevent the wear and tear of the machine and to preserve the rolling machine work in a healthy atmospheric state.
An Analysis of the Role of Emotional Intelligence in Corporate Leadership
Authors: Mishra Deepanjali
Published: April 2022

Emotional intelligence, an important aspect of corporate communication, is a fact which cannot be ruled out. In today’s corporate world, the success or failure of any company is attached to public perception. A leader is considered to be in an advantageous position if he/she has control over emotions and is kind and considerate towards his/her team members. Gone are the days when people used to be silent spectators and danced to the tune of their leader. There have been so many instances where a company loses out its most efficient employees due to emotional outburst of their leaders. A good leader knows not to react even during adverse situations. Sometimes, emotional intelligence is considered to be more effective than technical skills and cognitive skills, especially regarding social skills, and it is a fact that charismatic leaderships are favoured across cultures. It can be one of the important traits for a leader in the corporate sector and for organizations seeking to enhance their cross-cultural leadership effectiveness. The paper is a conceptual work on emotional intelligence as an aspect of leadership in corporate communication and the impact of emotional intelligence on various world leaders, thereby strengthening the attributes of leadership in corporate communication.
Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Stressful Life Event Induced Depressive Episodes Among Undergraduate College Students
Authors: Kodukaran Shaini , Prakash Anand , Kolhe Sunanda
Published: April 2022

Depressive episodes in college students of undergraduate level are a serious mental health issue which causes a constant feeling of sadness and loss of interest in life. These may be initiated by stressful life events causing emotional, functional, and physical problems. The goal of this study was to assess the nature and extent of stressful life event induced depressive episodes among undergraduate college students and to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy for the same. The sample consists of college students in the age group of 17 to 20 years, both male and female (n=50). The students completed about 4 to 10 CBT sessions in 2 to 4 month period. Pre and post assessments were done using BDI II. Results evaluated using ‘t’ test and mixed ANOVA. 20% students had severe, 74% had moderate, and 6% had borderline clinical depressive episode. There was significant improvement in depressive symptoms post CBT sessions. Significant difference was observed between genders. This shows the effectiveness of CBT for stressful life event induced depressive episodes. Colleges must ensure presence of mental health providers in college premises so that students receive timely intervention for their mental health issues which would stop them from progressing into depression.
Analysis of Microenvironment Data Using Low-Cost Portable Data Logger Based on a Microcontroller
Authors: Bhadola Pradeep , Kunakhonnuruk Boworn , Kongbangkerd Anupan , Gupta Yash Munnalal
Published: April 2022

Understanding the ecological and species diversity of natural places also requires the data of natural environmental factors, but due to environmental and geographical conditions, monitoring the micro-environment can be difficult. In this context, we propose a portable and cost-effective weather station based on the micro-controller Raspberry Pi Pico mounted with a digital temperature and humidity DHT11 sensor and a portable battery for monitoring and studying the effect of micro-climates on the forest, plant nursery, and farmland. The developed prototype is tested by collecting the temperature and humidity data in the control and random environment. A seasonal decomposition using moving averages on time series is done determining the trend, seasonal, and noise components. We perform the multi-fractal detrended fluctuation analysis on the collected data and estimated the Hurst exponent to check for the trends and patterns and their variation for different environments.
Analysis of Flexible Pavement Over Expansive Subgrade Soil Using Plaxis Software
Authors: Bharath B K , G Venugopal
Published: April 2022

In this study, an attempt is made to find the effect of constant pavement thickness (as per template of IRC-37) for every replacement of expansive subgrade soil on pavement performance under loading condition through finite element analysis. Analysis 1: To find the effect of variable pavement thickness (as per effective CBR of subgrade soil in IRC-37) for every replacement of expansive subgrade soil on pavement performance under loading condition through finite element analysis. Analysis 2: Pavement life is also estimated in terms of rutting and fatigue cycles for the above by using the IRC: 37-2012 fatigue and rutting criteria. Considering both fatigue life and rutting life the most durable pavement model among Analysis 1 and Analysis 2 is A1.4 (300 mm replacement).
Impact of Green Synthesized Copper Doped Nanostructured Molybdenum Oxide Flakes on Micro Structural, Electrical, and Electrochemical Properties
Authors: R Harini , Hke Latha , C Manjunatha
Published: April 2022

In the present work, the different weight percentage (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 wt %) of copper (Cu) incapacitated MoO3 flakes were successfully green synthesized by combustion technique using precursor ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate, fuel Shorea Robusta leaves extract, and copper nitrate trihydrate as dopant. XRD analysis reports that the synthesized Cu doped MoO3 material exhibits orthorhombic configuration with high crystallanity nature and the XRD pattern show a shift in diffractive peak towards lower diffractive angle as the Cu dopant percentage increases. FT-IR analysis shows the presence of stretching bond between molybdenum and oxygen atom (Mo=O) at 993cm-1. From SEM morphological analysis flake like structure was observed. The HRTEM studies shows d-spacing of 0.20 nm for 6 wt% Cu doped MoO3 flakes with irregular shapes. UV-DRS studies reports the bandgap ranges from 3.15 eV to 3.36 eV for different weight percentage Cu doped MoO3 flakes and for 6 wt% Cu doped MoO3 flakes obtained bandgap is less (3.15 eV). EIS studies reveal the impedance ranges from 180 Ω to 300 Ω. The bandgap and impedance results shows good conductivity for 6 wt% Cu doped MoO3 flakes compared to other synthesized weight percentage nanostructured Cu doped MoO3 flakes. The improved bandgap and impedance were observed for 6 wt% Cu doped MoO3. Hence, 6 wt% Cu doped MoO3 can be employed as anode electrode material for LIBs.
Wellbeing and Labour Conditions in Modern Construction Industry
Authors: Rao Balram
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we empirically examine the conditions of labour and workers’ wellbeing in contemporary world of construction work in respect to United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. During the last three decades of neoliberal reforms, construction industry has completely reshaped and emerged as the second most priority destination of FDI equity inflow as well as 2nd largest employer of non-formal workforce in India. Thus, using descriptive analytics, the analysis is based on primary data collected by interviewing 400 construction workers at the sampled large construction worksites spread across Delhi National Capital Region of both public and private MNCs. The findings describes that more flexible hiring process has weakened the compliance on conditions of work, safety, and other welfare measures. Further, de-facto reinforcing the traditional non-standard norms of labour mobilization has not only trapped the workers in neo-bondage kind of labour relations, but growth without decent wellbeing of stakeholders is in complete contradiction to what neoliberal claims of ‘free the agency of labour’ and what most of the government committed to SDGs goals.
Nickel Sulfide (Ni3S2)/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) Nanohybrids for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity Towards Methanol Oxidation
Authors: Bhullar Viplove , Bhagat Navjyoti , Gill Rajinder Singh , Bedi R.K. , Mahajan Aman
Published: April 2022

In the present work, nanohybrids of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and nickel sulphide (Ni3S2) have been prepared using hydrothermal method and have been explored as anode material in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Hydrothermal method has been used to synthesize MWCNTs/Ni3S2 nanohybrids with three different concentrations. These nanohybrids have been characterized through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopic techniques. From the electrochemical studies, Cyclic Voltammograms (CVs) and Tafel Plots demonstrate that the MWCNTs/Ni3S2 nanohybrid with optimized Ni3S2 exhibits superior electrocatalytic activity for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) due to synergistic effects of superior electrocatalytic activity of Ni3S2 and high charge transporting MWCNTs. Moreover the optimized nanohybrid also shows persistent current density over a longer period of time.
Digital Twins for Manufacturing Process and System: A State of the Art Review
Authors: Khandare Anand Dayanand , Jadhav Vijay S , Deshmukh Suhas P , Rane Kedarnath K
Published: April 2022

As the industry is stepping into industry, 4.0 Digital Twin Technology has been seen as the path for the implementation of virtual manufacturing for the betterment of industry to produce more efficient and reliable products with minimal modification requirements further as per need of the hour for making the product more suitable in the market. Being a rapidly growing technology there is much research work going on it at the current stage in a different form of the industry by utilizing multiple domains of IoT, data acquisition, cloud computing, model and empirical-based design process, etc. This review article will enlighten on the research work done particularly on Digital Twin Technology previously and identify gaps in the research by characterizing the technology on state of concept, terminology, and process associated with it as well as giving a brief idea about how Digital Twin Technology is beneficial to manufacturing.
Case Study: An Efficient Survey on Security Analysis of Social Networking
Authors: Srivastava Prabhat , Singhal Prateek , Srivastava Shipra , Kanojia Deepak
Published: April 2022

Online informal communication is developing quickly with a full scope of administration that is accessible for gigantic number of clients to impart insights and interests, express feelings, and stay in contact with companions. The people group is getting to expand associated with one another. Numerous online locales give various approaches to get to the webpage utilizing gadgets, for example, PCs and advanced cells. Consequently, clients can utilize their locales rapidly and effectively, whenever, and any place. In this paper, we zeroed in on the way toward ordering on the web informal organization customer of different security that emphasis on every customer of long reach casual correspondence objections and studies various methods to dismember customer direct in online casual networks. Besides, we autonomously focus on different threats that grow on account of the sharing of sight and sound substance inside an individual-to-individual correspondence site.
Building Sustainable Transformation in Learners Through Multimodal Ecocritical Genres
Authors: R Thanya , Anitha Devi V
Published: April 2022

The concept of ecocriticism discusses the main problems of the environmental crisis and the threat due to hazardous waste, pollution, and deforestation. This study briefly discusses environmental crisis, blue humanities, deep ecology, and ecocritical issues depicted in multimodal genres, such as picture books and graphic novels. Ecocriticism is an interdisciplinary study of literature and the environment, in which all sciences are brought together to assess the environment. Its goal is to identify solutions to the current environmental conditions in both natural and man-made habitats around the world (Mambrol, 2016). Multimodal genres discuss various ecocritical aspects, such as deep ecology and blue humanities (Gillis, 2013). The ideology of deep ecology depicts the awareness of the essential values of all living things, as well as the development of the environment (Malavasi, 2016). Multimodal genres portray various themes and characteristics of global issues, including environmental problems, plastic waste, and industrial (Pacheco-Costa et al, 2020).
Indian Monument Recognition Using Deep Learning
Authors: Trivedi Manasvi , Agrawal Saloni , Kumar Abhinav , Thakur Sanjeev Kumar , Gautam Neha
Published: April 2022

Monuments are physical structures built or created dedicated to a person or event. Their importance to the region they belong to makes their documentation and preservation important. Monuments being 3D objects, pose is an issue in terms of the difference in perception of the monument images. There can be an immense variation because of the viewpoint from which the image is being taken. To overcome this issue, Data Augmentation is used in this study. Random Flip, Random Rotation, Random Translation and Random Zoom, Random Contrast, Random Hue, Random Brightness, and Random Saturation operations under Data Augmentation are applied on the dataset. This research uses Deep Learning architectures on a hybrid dataset of “Indian Monument Recognition Dataset” and “Qutub Complex Monuments' Images Dataset.” InceptionV3, MobileNet, ResNet50, AlexNet, and VGG16 recognize the monuments with an accuracy of 97.79%, 93.73%, 86.47%, 68.88%, and 61.33% respectively.