bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CLINICAL TEACHERS AS ROLE MODELS: PERCEPTION OF UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS IN MEDICAL COLLEGES OF PAKISTAN USING ROLE MODEL APPERCEPTION TOOL
Authors: Khan Maria , Jamil Brekhna , Muhammad Fatima , Bilal Nazish , Hassan Bilqis
Published: March 2023

Objective:  This study aimed to determine medical students’ perceptions of their clinical teachers as role models during the clinical years of a medical program.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a pre-validated questionnaire, Role Modeling Apperception Tool was used and completed by Final year medical students selected from affiliated medical institutions of Khyber Medical University, Peshawar i.e. four graduating cohorts, comprising about 600 students. Participants were selected following universal sampling and data was analyzed for descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: The response rate to Role Modeling Apperception Tool was 75.1% n=451. The total number of students participating in this study from Private sector medical colleges was 157 34.8% and Public Government was 294 65.2%. The mean age of the students was 23.71 years SD=0.77, Range=22-26. Male respondents comprised 42.4% n=191 and females were n=260 57.6% of the study sample. Altogether, 92.9% of students experienced positive role models while 72% had negative role models among academic staff in their medical colleges. Mostly, medical students perceived male clinical teachers as their role models in comparison to their female counterparts. Moreover, clinical teachers were more considered positive role models than basic sciences teachers. Private-sector medical college students rated their clinical teachers higher among all domains Clinical, Personal, and Teaching in comparison to Public sector medical college students. A strong positive correlation was noted among domains tested on Role Modeling Apperception Tool.
Conclusion: Clinical instructors are inveterately considered by students as their role models in medical colleges and significance are conferred on their position. Altogether, doctors with teaching roles must be cognizant of their responsibilities and their influence on the professional growth and performance of students. Eventually, components related to Personal, Clinical, and Teaching attributes were suggested as major traits perceived in role models.
Keywords: Clinical Teacher, Role model, Medical Student, Medical College
FREQUENCY OF HYPOMAGNESAEMIA IN PATIENTSPRESENTING WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
Authors: Khan Zahoor Ahmad , Ullah Farman , Ullah Hameed , Ahmad Salman , Hakeem Yasir
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVES:To determine the frequency of hypomagnesaemia in patients presenting with Acute CoronarySyndrome.Methodology:

It was Descriptive Cross Sectional study conducted in Department of Cardiology, MTI-HMC, Peshawarfrom 07 Mar, 2021 to 20 Sept 2021 after approval from Institutional ethical board.About185 patients were enrolled in the study. All patients presenting with Acute coronary syndrome to CCU and admitted were enrolled in study .After informed consent ,using aseptic3cc BD syringe5ml of blood was drawn and was sent in the vial for assessment ofmagnesium level. Hypomagnesaemia was labelled as per operational definition. All the data wasnoted and recorded into the attached proforma along with demographic details of the patient.

RESULTS:.

Maximun number of patients were in age group 51-70 years ie 77.83% (144)patients .About 22.16%(41)patients were recorded in 35-50 years age group. Mean and SDs for age was 62+7.11years and BMI was 27.2+1.56 kg/m2. Mean and SDs formagnesium level was 0.79+0.04 mmoles

44 (23.78%) patients had unstable angina, 124(67.02%) patients had NSTEMI, 17 (9.18%) patients had STEMI.

15 (8.10%) patients wererecorded with hypomagnesaemia.

CONCLUSION:Our results show variations in the occurrence of hypomagnesaemia in acute coronary syndromeand that is the reason we recommend early assessment of serum magnesium concentration in acutecoronary syndrome so as to follow and implement proper magnesium supplementations well intime as hypomagnesaemia is preventable and therefore identifying it at early stage may be ofsignificant help to the patients.
Flowgorithm Sebagai Penunjang Pembelajaran Algoritma dan Pemrograman
Authors: Ni Nyoman Emang Smrti  , I Putu Gd Sukenada Andisana , Ni Kadek Dwi Trisna Rahayu , Adnan Adnan , Pande Putu Ode Juliantara
Published: March 2023

Perkembangan teknologi  sangat pesat, banyaknya perangkat lunak yang memudahkan orang untuk belajar. Salah satunya belajar algoritma dan pemrograman yang mempelajari tahapan penyelesaian masalah yang efektif sehingga dapat diterjemahkan ke dalam Bahasa Pemrograman. Salah satu standard yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan algoritma adalah flowchart. Flowchart adalah diagram yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan secara rinci tahapan penyelesaian masalah. Dengan menggunakan gambar suatu tahapan masalah akan lebih mudah untuk dipahami. Banyak perangkat lunak yang memberikan kemudahan dalam menggambar flowchart salah satunya adalah Microsoft Visio. Manfaat dari Microsoft Visio adalah memudahkan orang dalam menggambar flowchart, akan tetapi apa yang telah digambarkan tidak bisa diketahui hasilnya secara langsung.

Perangkat lunak yang memberikan kemudahan untuk membuat flowchart adalah Flowgorithm. Sebelum Flowgorithm Logika  dan Algoritma adalah dasar dari Perangkat lunak ini Penggunaannya sangat mudah dan juga gratis, sehingga aplikasi ini banyak digunakan pemula dalam mempelajari algoritma. Flowchart yang dibuat dengan menggunakan flowgorithm langsung dapat dijalankan. Flowgorithm dapat secara interaktif mengkonversi flowchart ke lebih dari 18 bahasa. Ini termasuk: C#, C++, Java, JavaScript, Lua, Perl, Python, Ruby, Swift, Visual Basic.NET. Tujuan dari karya tulis ini adalah memberikan alternatif mempelajari algoritma pemrograman sebelum mempelajari bahasa pemrograman dengan menggunakan aplikasi flowgorithm.
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan Bimbingan Belajar Unggulan Kota Tanjungpinang dengan Metode Promethee II
Authors: Liza Safitri  , Aurora Elsa S F  , Willy Setiawan
Published: March 2023

This study aims to create a decision support system to determine the selection of leading tutoring institutions in Tanjungpinang City by applying the Promethee II method from several samples according to existing method procedures, from the data collection that has been carried out, several tutoring criteria are obtained and then calculations are carried out using the stages contained in the Promethee II method. The application is built based on a website, the aim is to help parents to select excellent tutoring institutions, check reports and election results using the website. It is hoped that this research can be one of the solutions to determine the selection of leading tutoring institutions in Tanjungpinang City.
Okul Müdürlerinin Sosyal Adalet Liderliği ile Örgütsel Sinizm Arasındaki İlişkiye Yönelik Öğretmen Algılarının İncelenmesi
Authors: SAMDAN Tuncay
Published: March 2023

İlişkisel tarama modeline uygun olarak planlanan bu çalışmanın amacı okul müdürlerinin sosyal adalet liderliği ile örgütsel sinizm arasındaki ilişkiye yönelik öğretmen algılarını incelemektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu İstanbul Kadıköy ilçesinde yer alan özel ilkokul ve ortaokuldan basit tesadüfi örneklem yoluyla seçilen 163 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın sonucuna göre öğretmenlerin sosyal adalet liderliği algı düzeyleri, medeni durumu, öğrenim durumu, branş, okul kademesi ve mesleki kıdeme göre anlamlı farklılık gösterirken; cinsiyet ve yaşa göre ise farklılık göstermediği tespit edilmiştir. Öğretmenlerin örgütsel sinizm düzeyleri ise cinsiyet, yaş ve mesleki kıdem durumu değişkenlerine göre anlamlı farklılık gösterirken; medeni durum, öğrenim durumu ve branşa göre farklılaşmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Katılımcıların sosyal adalet liderliği algı düzeyleri ile örgütsel sinizm düzeyleri arasında negatif yönde, güçlü ve anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir.
Complications in implant dentistry: A review of literature
Authors: Kimia Baghaei  , Sara Arzani  , Navid aghadavoudi  , Seyedeh farimah Fatemi
Published: March 2023

Once an adult tooth is misplaced or lost, a patient may search for its replacement in order to restore his or her esthetics and function. Clinical dentistry, in the last few decades, has remarkably developed and enhanced in accordance with the evolution of scientific disciplines and individual’s requirements and demands. Traditional choices in dentistry for replacing a missing adult tooth involve the demountable partial denture, resin-bonded dental bridges, and full or partial coverage dental bridges. Implants have achieved wide acceptance and demand over time because they have the ability to restore function to almost normal in complete and partially edentulous arches. With considerable studies available, implants are highly admitted as a good treatment choice for the substitution of missing teeth these days. While implants are widely becoming an effective choice for missing tooth replacement, the complications and risks related to them are also progressively appearing.
Studying the fuel consumption equation on hybrid vehicles
Authors: Quy Duc Nguyen  , Luan Hoang Nguyen  , Tran Hai Nguyen
Published: March 2023

In this paper begins by providing an overview of the development of internal combustion engine vehicles, especially cars, and their impacts on the environment and human life. It then discusses the various types of alternative vehicles being developed to replace conventional vehicles, and the advantages and disadvantages of each. The major focus of the thesis is on the fuel consumption equation of hybrid vehicles. It provides a detailed analysis of the equation, including the coefficients and the terms used, and the effects of different parameters on the equation. After the analysis, the author presents several suggestions for improving the fuel consumption of hybrid vehicles. The result was to propose a new equation that can accurately predict the fuel consumption of hybrid vehicles as a function of their speed and acceleration. The proposed equation was validated through a series of experiments and was found to be more accurate than the existing equations.
Sífilis congênita, uma enfermidade associada a um pré-natal ineficiente?
Authors: Sampaio de Souza Morais Julia , Romero Leal Passos Mauro , Eleutério Junior José
Published: March 2023

Introdução: As infecções sexualmente transmissíveis atualmente são um grande problema de saúde pública. A sífilis congênita talvez seja uma das principais preocupações. A qualidade do pré-natal de forma a incluir o diagnóstico e o tratamento correto da sífilis — tratando-se da gestante, do parceiro e da criança — são citados em diversos estudos como determinantes para as estatísticas atuais relacionadas à doença. Objetivo: Identificar se publicações em periódicos científicos avaliados por pares, brasileiros ou estrangeiros, sobre sífilis congênita com dados brasileiros citam que o pré-natal — ausente ou de má qualidade — é um dos principais problemas para a ocorrência/notificação de caso de sífilis congênita. Métodos: Revisão sistemática de artigos publicados nos últimos 30 anos (1991-2021), usando as bases de dados LILACS, SciELO e PUBMED que abordassem o assunto sífilis congênita. Incluiu-se estudos originais com dados de sífilis congênita e pré-natal na população brasileira. Foram excluídas publicações do tipo editorial, carta ao editor, carta do editor ou comentários sobre o tema. Resultados: A busca localizou 5.460 artigos dos quais 111 se encaixavam nos critérios de inclusão. Muitos dos estudos explicitaram diversas causas para o aumento da incidência da sífilis congênita ao longo dos anos. Dentre os fatores contribuintes para as altas taxas da doença no Brasil, foram citados o contexto social no qual a gestante está incluída, intercorrências no diagnóstico, tratamento e atenção de gestantes, deficiência nas políticas públicas implementadas pelo governo, deficiências no sistema de notificação, e ineficiência do pré-natal. Calculando individualmente quantas vezes cada categoria foi citada em todos os estudos envolvidos, o contexto social foi englobado em 7 estudos (6,30%); intercorrências no diagnóstico, tratamento e atenção de gestantes, em 52 estudos (48,6%); a deficiência nas políticas públicas, em 20 estudos (18,01%); a deficiência no sistema de notificação, em 14 estudos (12,61%); sem causa especificada, 6 estudos (5,40%); e ineficiência no pré-natal, em 24 estudos (21,62%). Conclusão: Dentre as condições citadas nos artigos associadas a sífilis congênita, intercorrências no diagnóstico, tratamento e atenção a gestantes e ineficiência do pré-natal, foram as mais observadas. Portanto, é necessária urgente mudança da assistência a gestante para mudar o dramático quadro da sífilis congênita no Brasil.
Forecasting of Bioethanol Production in the Sudan
Authors: E. Jumaa Shima , A.Rabah Ali
Published: March 2023

Gasoline demand of the Sudanese transportation sector is increasing. To meet the demand many measures have been developed in the last few years. These included efficiency improvement and supplement with bioethanol. The latter is blended with gasoline in the range of 5-27%; the blend is also called E85 and E90. The aim of this research was to forecast bioethanol production from molasses of Sudanese Sugar Factories by assuming the design capacities of bioethanol factories in Sudan from 2016 to 2030. Data on current consumption and production of gasoline by refineries as well as the potential production were obtained from relevant sources such as Ministry of Petroleum. The data were analyzed using forecasting models. Mainly two models namely a trend model and an econometric model were used. For econometric model, data on population, gasoline prices and gross domestic product were collected as well, while the trend model is time series dependent only. The results revealed that beyond the year 2021 Sudan production of gasoline will not meet the demand. Bioethanol mixed with gasoline at 10% is a feasible option to supplement gasoline. The study also revealed that the production potential of bioethanol in sugar industry will meet the demand with a surplus in year 2021.
Speed Control of Direct Current Motor via Pole Placement Control
Authors: Eldeen M. A. Sharief Sallah , M. H. Sanhoury Ibrahim
Published: March 2023

This paper describes a separately excited DC motor speed control using armature voltage control method, based on traditional Proportional- Integral- Derivative (PID) controller, and pole assignment, feedback control technique. The main objective of the proposed controller is to control the speed of a DC motor shaft rotation and overcome problems like overshoot, and increasing the system model order, that are caused by PID controller, with a step response. Results obtained with Ziegler – Nichols PID controller were compared with those obtained using pole placement. DC motor response contains a 24% overshoot with PID controller; compared with 0.0286% overshoot. In the response of pole placement controller, it is found that pole placement reduces system overshoot to 0.0015% ofthe closed loop system.
Extended Feature Extraction Technique (Edge Direction Matrixes) For Online Arabic Handwriting Recognition
Authors: Mosadag Albadawi Mohamed , Adam Abd Alshafy Hozeifa
Published: March 2023

Recognition of Arabic handwriting has attracted the interest of researchers for many years. Until now it has been a challenging research area due to many issues. The feature extraction is an essential stage in the recognition systems of handwriting. The main idea behind this paper is to study EDMs (Edge Direction Matrixes) as a feature extraction technique for Online Arabic Handwriting Recognition. In this study, SUSTOLAH datasets will be used, in which datasets of online Arabic handwriting are presented in Sudan University of Science and Technology. In this paper, satisfactory results have been achieved, where the value of the correlation/regress coefficient for the differences between the variant handwritten characters is found to be -0.01322.
Vehicle to Infrastructure Communication for Dynamic Navigation Application
Authors: H. M. A. Haseeb Dalia , B. A. N. Mustafa Amin
Published: March 2023

Nowadays, traffic congestion is a serious problem; it wastes people’s time, increases collision rate, delays emergency and contributes in environment pollution. This paper aims to reduce these effects and enhance road traffic infrastructure by using video cameras to monitor the streets, the video is processed to estimate traffic density then traffic status stored in web database and updated continuously. Users can easily install the developed android application, indicate their destination and in time, three optimum routes based on the traffic volume are shown on the map. This technique was shown to be an effective way in reducing traffic congestion and enhancing roads traffic.
Khartoum Structure Plan's Strategies: A Review of Sustainability, Action and Prospects
Authors: Awad Hafazalla Abdulhafeez
Published: March 2023

Khartoum, the capital city of Sudan, is experiencing severe planning problems including the lack of adequate levels of services, infrastructure, public transport, housing problems, environmental degradation and faintness of development controls. Four development plans were previously adopted since 1910, most of which were not adequately implemented as planned due to the absence of government's will, inadequate financial resources, and inadequate and unrealistic programs. A fifth structure plan has been prepared and adopted in 2009 for the next 25 years. The paper discusses the conformity of the plan proposal with sustainable development measures regarding five aspects that relate to the plan solutions viz., the methodology, development strategies, transportation, infrastructure, and development controls in order to avoid the destiny of the former plans that were unsatisfactorily implemented. The paper, applying deductive and comparative research methods, questioned the validity and sustainability of the plan's outcome such as creating nine new satellite towns to accommodate six million people for such an already sprawled city. The paper also highlighted some locational and land use planning problems of urban activities that also question the issue of sustainability.
Enhancing the Handover Performance in the Mobile Heterogeneous Network Based on the Expected Zone of Handover Events
Authors: Qasem Mohammed Alborahy Khaled , Mohammed Sharif Sami
Published: March 2023

This paper aims to enhance the handover performance in the heterogeneous networks (HetNet)by reducing the need to make handover under the specified conditions and also reducing the handover failure, thisstudy divided the target cell for ten assumed circular zones, where zones start with radius Rh=R/10 from center of target cell, then the next zone is increased by R/10, then the simulation is carried out for each assumed zone usingselective values of TTT (160,480 and 640 ms) in order to determine the best circular zone of more handover events (zone of handover) in the coverage area for the target cell and other zone for no handover events (zone of no handover).The paper found that the most practically suitable zone for more handover events was the zone which its radius represents 86.6% of the radius of the coverage area for the target cell. Whereas, the remained zone (the zone between the zone of handover and the edge of target cell is considered a zone for no handover events. Also, the angle of chord (Ѳ) for the expected zone of handover events from the horizontal axis is 60˚, i.e. if the UE moves bycertain velocity and with a moving angle less than or equal to 60˚, then it will have a large probability to make handover events after satisfying the other handover conditions. Otherwise, its probability to make handover events is very low. The paper extracted that after determining more suitable handover zone and implementing the different fixed and chosen values of TTT, then a remarkable enhancement occurred in the handover performance and it was obvious at high speed of travelling for the user.
Identification of E.coli. In Sudanese White Soft Cheese
Authors: Mohamed A. Ahmed Rabab , M. Barakat Taj Alasfia
Published: March 2023

Study of dairy products is of great interest to the daily consumer . This research studied the total count of bacteria and the identification of the Escherichia coli (E.coli) bacteria of ready for sale and consumption white cheese.Three samples of locally produced cheese were collected from market in Khartoum at different dates and stored in polypropylene (PP) packaging at temperature of 4oC. The different samples were then subjected to laboratory tests to determine the total bacterial colonies and hence the total count of bacteria and E.coli in white cheese.The quality of white cheese including chemical and microbial characteristics which are affected by several factors were studied. The average bacterial colonies for cheese showed differences at two different dilutions (10-4and 10-5) of the Agar medium used. The average numbers of the bacterial colonies for the three samples were 15.54, 11.74 and 9.79. The biochemical reaction of the isolated bacteria from the three samples of white cheese showed no E.coli presence, gram negative bacteria, however, was found to be present.
A Quantitative Risk Assessment of Human Exposure to Brucellosis Through the Consumption of Contaminated Raw Cow Milk in Arusha, Tanzania
Authors:   The University of Zambia, Ndaki Enock M. , Muma John B. ,   The University of Zambia, M'kandawire Ethel ,   The University of Zambia, Musawa Grace ,   The University of Zambia, Mukuma Mercy ,   The University of Zambia, Karimuribo Ezron ,   Sokoine University of Agriculture, Banda Mkuzi ,   The University of Zambia, Benhard Vistorina ,   The University of Zambia, Munyeme Musso ,   The University of Zambia, Mumba Chisoni ,   The University of Zambia
Published: March 2023

The study aimed at assessing the risk of exposure to brucellosis through the consumption of cow milk in the Arusha region, Tanzania. Primary data related to milk consumption was collected through a structured questionnaire from 400 cattle farmers. Data was directly coded and entered into IBM SPSS version 20 and analysed for frequencies and descriptive statistics. Stochastic Monte Carlo simulation in @ risk Software (Version 8.1) platform was used to estimate the risk of human exposure to brucellosis through the consumption of contaminated milk. Results revealed that 96.5% of the population consumed milk in three (3) portions: morning, afternoon, and night. More than 70% of the people in the area consume 500ml-1000ml of milk daily. People in rural settings (71%) reported consuming raw milk, compared to 10% of people in urban settings. The probability of getting infected with Brucella through the consumption of raw milk was estimated at 0.64 (95%CI 0.333-0.861). The model also predicted the number of people likely to get infected with Brucella in Arusha region in a one-year consumption period to be 1,084,358 (95%CI: 565,000-1458,000), out of 1,694,310 people following consumption of contaminated raw milk. The risk of exposure was estimated to be high when dairy cows were infected with Brucella at the farm and when the milk portions were consumed raw. The risk of human exposure to the Brucella pathogen is high. To reduce the risk of human exposure, there is a need to create awareness about brucellosis in the study communities concerning how the disease is transmitted to humans, its associated effects, and the preventive and control measures. Further studies are required to assess the risk of exposure to brucellosis through other pathways such as the consumption of soft cheese and contact with cattle.
Light and Electron Microscopy Studies Elucidating Mechanisms of Tomato Leaf Infection by Pseudocercospora fuligena
Authors: Mersha Zelalem , Birru Girma , Hau Bernhard
Published: March 2023

The fungal pathogen Pseudocercospora fuligena, known to affect tomatoes in the tropics and subtropics, has been reported from temperate climates including the United States and Turkey in recent years. In this study, an isolate from fresh tomatoes and the disease it causes were characterized and infection mechanisms investigated. Macroscopically, both sides of tomato leaves show indistinct effuse patches but prolific production of fuliginous lesions is conspicuous on the abaxial side first but also on the adaxial side later on as infection progressed. Microscopically, fascicles of conidiophores (11-128 µm × 3.5-9 µm) arising from stromata and conidia with up to 12 septations were observed. Molecular characterization of the isolate revealed high homology (99.8%) to other P. fuligena isolated from tomatoes in Turkey. Out of the 10 media tested, P. fuligena grew significantly well and sporulated better on unsealed tomato oatmeal agar and carrot leaf decoction agar, both supplemented with CaCO3. Direct transfer of conidia from profusely sporulating lesions was the easiest and quickest method of isolation for in-vitro studies. Light and scanning electron microscopy on cleared and intact tomato leaves further confirmed stomatal penetration and egress as well as prevalence of primary and secondary infection hyphae. In situ, blocked stomatal aperture areas of 154, 401, and 2,043 µm2 were recorded at 7, 12, and 17 days after inoculation, respectively. With the recent expanded horizon of the pathosystem and its consequential impact, such studies will be useful for a proper diagnosis, identification and management of the disease on tomato worldwide.
Variability in Responses to Phoma medicaginis Infection in a Tunisian Collection of Three Annual Medicago Species
Authors: Badri Mounawer , Ayadi Amina , Mahjoub Asma , Benltoufa Amani , Chaouachi Manel , Ranouch Rania , Cheikh Najah Ben , Abdelguerf Aissa , Laouar Meriem , Abdelly Chedly , Ludidi Ndiko , Djébali Naceur
Published: March 2023

Spring black stem and leaf spot, caused by Phoma medicaginis, is an issue in annual Medicago species. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the response to P. medicaginis infection in a collection of 46 lines of three annual Medicago species (M. truncatula, M. ciliaris, and M. polymorpha) showing different geographic distribution in Tunisia. The reaction in the host to the disease is explained by the effects based on plant species, lines nested within species, treatment, the interaction of species × treatment, and the interaction of lines nested within species × treatment. Medicago ciliaris was the least affected for aerial growth under infection. Furthermore, the largest variation within species was found for M. truncatula under both conditions. Principal component analysis and hierarchical classification showed that M. ciliaris lines formed a separate group under control treatment and P. medicaginis infection and they are the most vigorous in growth. These results indicate that M. ciliaris is the least susceptible in response to P. medicaginis infection among the three Medicago species investigated here, which can be used as a good candidate in crop rotation to reduce disease pressure in the field and as a source of P. medicaginis resistance for the improvement of forage legumes.
Different Response Mechanisms of Rhizosphere Microbial Communities in Two Species of Amorphophallus to Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum Infection
Authors: Yang Min , Qi Ying , Liu Jiani , Gao Penghua , Huang Feiyan , Yu Lei , Chen Hairu
Published: March 2023

Soft rot is a widespread, catastrophic disease caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc) that severely damages the production of Amorphophallus spp. This study evaluated the rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities in Pcc-infected and uninfected plants of two species of Amorphophallus, A. muelleri and A. konjac. Principal component analysis showed that the samples formed different clusters according to the Pcc infection status, indicating that Pcc infection can cause a large number of changes in the bacterial and fungal communities in the Amorphophallus spp. rhizosphere soil. However, the response mechanisms of A. muelleri and A. konjac are different. There was little difference in the overall microbial species composition among the four treatments, but the relative abundances of core microbiome members were significantly different. The relative abundances of Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacillus, and Lysobacter were lower in infected A. konjac plants than in healthy plants; in contrast, those of infected A. muelleri plants were higher than those in healthy plants. For fungi, the relative abundances of Ascomycota and Fusarium in the rhizosphere of infected A. konjac plants were significantly higher than those of healthy plants, but those of infected A. muelleri plants were lower than those of healthy plants. The relative abundance of beneficial Penicillium fungi was lower in infected A. konjac plants than in healthy plants, and that of infected A. muelleri plants was higher than that of healthy plants. These findings can provide theoretical references for further functional research and utilization of Amorphophallus spp. rhizosphere microbial communities in the future.
First Report of Fire Blight Caused by Erwinia amylovora on Korean Mountain Ash (Sorbus alnifolia) in Korea
Authors: Lim Yeon-Jeong , Oh Hyeonseok , Lee Mi-Hyun , Roh Eunjung , Ham Hyeonheui , Park Dong Suk , Park Duck Hwan , Lee Yong Hwan
Published: March 2023

During the nationwide survey of fire blight, the typical shoot blight symptoms were found on Korean mountain ash (Sorbus alnifolia) which was located near an orchard that produced fire blight on pear trees in Eumseong, Korea, May 2021. To identify the causal agent, we progressed isolation from the symptomatic leaves and shoots. Two white and mucoid colonies were isolated into the pure culture. Two isolates were identified as Erwinia amylovora according to the colony–polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with amsB primers and the phylogenetic tree using 16S rRNA sequences. To test of pathogenicity of two isolates, we inoculated immature pear fruits and understock of apple. We observed necrosis and oozes on immature pear fruits and shoot blight resulting in necrosis on apple shoots six days after inoculation. Colonies were recovered from the inoculated pears and apples, and identity was confirmed through colony PCR for amsB genes. To our knowledge, E. amylovora was first reported on Korean mountain ash native to South Korea.
Determination of Fire Blight Susceptibility on Wild Rosaceae Plants in Korea by Artificial Inoculation
Authors: Park In Woong , Song Yu-Rim , Oh Eom-Ji , Kim Yoel , Hwang In Sun , Jeon Mi-Jin , Ahn Chorong , Kim Jin-Suk , Kim Soonok , Oh Chang-Sik
Published: March 2023

The fire blight caused by Erwinia amylovora (Ea) is a devastating disease of Rosaceae plants, including commercially important apple and pear trees. Since the first report in Korea in May 2015, it has been spreading to neighboring regions gradually. Host plants can be infected by pollinators like bees, rainfall accompanied by wind, and cultural practices such as pruning. Many studies have revealed that wild Rosaceae plants such as Cotoneaster spp., Crataegus spp., Pyracantha spp., Prunus spp., and Sorbus spp. can be reservoirs of Ea in nature. However, wild Rosaceae plants in Korea have not been examined yet whether they are susceptible to fire blight. Therefore, the susceptibility to fire blight was examined with 25 species in 10 genera of wild Rosaceae plants, which were collected during 2020–2022, by artificial inoculation. Bacterial suspension (108 cfu/ml) of Ea type strain TS3128 was inoculated artificially in flowers, leaves, stems, and fruits of each plant species, and development of disease symptoms were monitored. Moreover, the presence of Ea bacteria from inoculated samples were checked by conventional polymerase chain reaction. Total 14 species of wild Rosaceae plants showed disease symptoms of fire blight, and Ea bacteria were detected inside of inoculated plant parts. These results suggest that wild Rosaceae plants growing nearby commercial apple and pear orchards in Korea can be Ea reservoirs, and thus they should be monitored regularly to minimize the damage by Ea infection and spreading.
Pectobacterium brasiliense as a Causative Agent for Soft Rot of Radish in Korea
Authors: Park Kyoung-Taek , Hong Soo-Min , Back Chang-Gi , Kang In-Kyu , Lee Seung-Yeol , Ten Leonid N. , Jung Hee-Young
Published: March 2023

In October 2021, soft rot disease seriously affected radish crop in Dangjin, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea. The infected radishes were stunted and turned dark green, with yellowish leaf foliage. A slimy, wet, and decayed pith region was observed in the infected roots. The bacterial strain KNUB-03-21 was isolated from infected roots. The biochemical and morphological characteristics of the isolate were similar to those of Pectobacterium brasiliense. Phylogenetic analysis based on the sequences of the 16S rRNA region and the concatenated DNA polymerase III subunit tau (dnaX), leucine-tRNA ligase (leuS), and recombinase subunit A (recA) genes confirmed that the isolate is a novel strain of P. brasiliense. Artificial inoculation of radish with P. brasiliense KNUB-03-21 resulted in soft rot symptoms similar to those observed in infected radish in the field; subsequently, P. brasiliense KNUB-03-21 was reisolated and reidentified. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. brasiliense as a causal pathogen of radish soft rot in Korea.
Incidence of Virus Diseases in Major Cultivated Areas of Watermelon and Melon in Chungbuk Province
Authors: Han Jong-Woo , Park Young-Uk , Youn Cheol-Ku , Lee Seok-Ho , Jeong Taek-Goo , Choi Hong-Soo , Kim Mi-Kyeong
Published: March 2023

To investigate the incidence status of viruses in major cultivated areas of watermelon and melon in Chungbuk Province, samples were collected from 2020 to 2021 in vinyl greenhouse of Jincheon and Eumseong and examined for virus infection using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Of the six viruses on watermelon that was analyzed in this study, watermelons were infected with cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), and cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV). The incidence rate of CMV was 20.9–35.0%, WMV 0.4–15.8%, CGMMV 1.6–38.5%, and CABYV was 3.5–3.7% from 2020 to 2021. But strangely, there were no incidence of zucchini yellow mosaic virus and cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV) during investigation. From this result, we knew the major virus was CGMMV on watermelon in Chungbuk Province. Molecular diagnosis assays of the two melon viruses, showed that melons were infected with CABYV and CCYV from 2020 to 2021. The incidence rate of CABYV was 53.9–92.2% and CCYV was 2.7–20.8%. The incidence of CABYV was high in melon cultivation of Jincheon and Eumseong, Chungbuk. Afterwards, it is necessary to establish a control management strategy for reduce the incidence of CABYV. Furthermore, we must pay attention that of CCYV even if the incidence was low.
Development of a Multiplex PCR for Simultaneous Detection of Blueberry Red Ringspot Virus and Blueberry Scorch Virus Including an Internal Control
Authors: Lee Hae Min , Song Eun Gyeong , Ryu Ki Hyun
Published: March 2023

Blueberry red ringspot virus (BRRSV) and blueberry scorch virus (BlScV) are included in the quarantine virus list managed by the Korean Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay with an internal control was developed for the simultaneous detection of both viruses. The specific primers used here were designed based on the highly conserved regions of the genomic sequences of each virus, obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information nucleotide databases. The primers were designed to amplify a partial sequence within coat protein (CP) for detecting BRRSV and a partial sequence within the CP-16 kDa for detecting BlScV. 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) was used as internal control, and the primer set used in a previous study was modified in this study for detecting 18S rRNA. Each conventional PCR using the BRRSV, BlScV, and 18S rRNA primers exhibited a sensitivity of approximately 1 fg plasmid DNA. The multiplex PCR assay using the BRRSV, BlScV, and 18S rRNA primers was effective in simultaneously detecting the two viruses and 18S rRNA with a sensitivity of 1 fg plasmid DNA, similar to that of conventional PCR assays. The multiplex PCR assay developed in this study was performed using 14 blueberry cultivars grown in South Korea. BRRSV and BlScV were not detected, but 18S rRNA was all detected in all the plants tested. Therefore, our optimized multiplex PCR assay could simultaneously detect the two viruses and 18S rRNA in field samples collected from South Korea in a time-efficient manner. This approach could be valuable in crop protection and plant quarantine management.
Implementation of a Curriculum to Enhance Learning Management Competency in Computational Thinking for the Lower Secondary Teachers
Authors: Kamha Chantaraporn , Chookhampaeng Chowwalit
Published: March 2023

Teaching computational thinking develops students in analytical thinking, systematic thinking, step by step reasoning to solve problems, applicable to real-life problems, and can be integrated across a wide range of disciplines, combining knowledge to create works and extend knowledge to other subjects. The objective of this study was to examine the outcomes of a curriculum to enhance learning management competency in computational thinking for lower secondary teachers. The samples were 4 teachers selected by purposive sampling, and 123 grade 8 students selected by the criterion of 70% from private schools under Mahasarakham Provincial Education Office, Office of the Private Education Commission, Thailand. The instruments for the lower secondary teachers were; 1) a test to measure knowledge and understanding of teachers' computational thinking learning management, 2) an assessment form for learning activity design ability, and 3) an observational form of learning management ability, while a computational thinking ability test was employed to the students. The data were analyzed by mean, percentage, standard deviation, and the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The results were; 1) the teachers after the workshop had higher knowledge and understanding of computational thinking learning management than before the workshop; 2) the teachers were able to design learning management that promotes computational thinking at a high level; 3) the teachers were able to provide learning management that promotes computational thinking: overall, the average was good; and 4) the students' computational thinking ability after learning was higher than before learning at a statistical level of .05.
English Language Exposure and Literacy Rate toward Language Proficiency: A Cross-country Analysis
Authors: Bacus Remedios C. , Alda Rivika C.
Published: March 2023

Globalization has made English more important than ever. Through time, curriculum designers and teacher practitioners remain steadfast in finding ways to advance the quality of student learning. To ascertain the quality of language teaching and learning, parameters like standardized tests are set. This paper examined, at the cross-country level, the difference between the 2009 and 2013 Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) iBT scores and the effect of language exposure on the test takers’ scores. It further investigated the correlation between literacy rate and English language use in the scores obtained. Using paired t-test to determine the English proficiency of the test takers and Pearson r to test the correlation of the literacy rate and language use in the scores obtained, the findings showed a significant difference in the mean scores between 2009 and 2013 scores in TOEFL. The results also revealed a strong positive linear relationship between TOEFL scores and literacy rate, while no association exists between TOEFL scores and language exposure. The quality of comprehensible input is more important than the quantity of language exposure. Active immersion in a language is still an acknowledged fact that contributes to effective language learning. Literacy remains a foundational competency that is of primary importance to language learning. It is then imperative that schools revisit language learning curricula and emphasize quality instruction through authentic language tasks and activities.
The Expressions of Epistemic Modality in English and Vietnamese: A Contrastive on “thấy” and “nghĩ” in Vietnamese and Mental Verbs in English
Authors: Ho Han Van
Published: March 2023

Epistemic modality is described as the speaker's judgment, assessing the degree of the factual proposition, or the speaker's confidence or non-confidence in the truth value of the proposition. The paper focuses on the expression of “thấy”, “nghĩ” predicates in Vietnamese and compares with mental verbs in English. To achieve the research objectives, the paper uses descriptive, statistical and comparative methods to clarify modality in general and epistemic modality in particular. The paper initially contributes to clarifying the definition, category, and identification of epistemic modality in terms of grammar and vocabulary. Next, the paper points out the similarities and differences in the expression of epistemic modality in English and Vietnamese. The results show that the nature of vocabulary and syntax basically exists value of factuality and non-factuality. The most important feature of epistemic modality is subjectivity and objectivity. The speaker "I/Tôi" clearly expresses or implies commitment for what is said. Understanding and applying modality in general and epistemic modality in particular will help learners acquire language and culture better in the process of communication and translation.
Outcomes of 5 years experiences for isolated coronary bypass surgery: the first regional cardiac center in Azerbaijan- Ganja Merkezi Klinika
Authors: Gapagov Vugar
Published: March 2023

Aim: In Azerbaijan and in the world, coronary artery disease is one of the core causes of death. Despite the development of percutaneous interventions, Coronary Bypass surgery continues to be one of the most crucial surgical procedures in modern medical history and has most likely extended more lives and provided more significant symptomatic relief than significant operations.The aim of this study was to show statistically, the percentage of complications of operations in our clinic was close to world practice
Material and method. Between 2013 and 2018, 836 isolated Coronary Bypass surgeries were performed at Ganja Central Clinic. The results of these operations conducted in the study were presented
Results: The length of stay of 362 (43.5%) patients was 5 days, and the length of stay of 58 (6.9%) patients was 10 days. 15 (1.8%) patients had an ischemic disorder of cerebral blood circulation in the postoperative period. 26(3.1%) patients developed acute kidney failure, and 25(3%) patients had acute lung failure. Acute liver failure was noted in 7 (0.8%) patients. An intra-aortic balloon pump was used in 14 (1.6%) patients. Postoperative MI was noted in 13 (1.5%) patients. Unfortunately, 17 (2%) patients died during hospitalization. Different types of arrhythmias were noted in 115 (13.7%) patients. 11(1.3%) underwent revision due to sternum ulcer. The mediastinum was inspected since 19 (2.2%) patients were bleeding.
Conclusion. Coronary Bypass surgery continues to be one of the most crucial surgical procedures in modern medical history. Our results in our clinic was close to world practice.
Venous bullet embolism to the right ventricle: Case report
Authors: katrancioglu nurkay , Ertugrul Ertugrul , Tecimer Mehmet
Published: March 2023

It is extremely rare for venous-injured gunshot wounds to cause cardiac embolism. Removal of cardiac embolism is essential in these patients. But there are also cases where it is not possible to remove the pellet for various reasons. In this case report, we aimed to present a case that we followed without removing pellets that did not damage important heart structures.
Evaluation of neck measurements and their correlation with prediction of difficult laryngoscopic view
Authors: Maddala Sai , Gupta Amita , M Ira
Published: March 2023

INTRODUCTION: Preoperative assessment of various anatomic and clinical features helps in identifying potentially difficult laryngoscopy and intubation in advance allowing the anesthetist to be prepared for such a scenario. Though “ Short Neck” is a commonly used term in airway assessment indicating the possibility of a difficult airway. there is a lack of clarity regrading the cut off value and the association of different neck lengths (Anterior, Posterior and Lateral) to the laryngoscopic view. AIM : Evaluation of anterior, posterior and lateral neck length in neutral and extended positions and correlate each measurement with prediction of difficult laryngoscopic view. MATERIALS AND METHODS : This prospective observational study was conducted on 150 patients belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade 1/11 , aged 18-65 years with body mass index (BMI) 18 to 35 kg/m2,scheduled to undergo elective surgeries under general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation. Each subject’s anterior,lateral and posterior neck lengths (ANL,LNL,PNL) were measured pre operatively. Direct laryngoscopy was done to achieve the best Cormack Lehane(CL) grade using manoeuvres (Backward upward rightward manoeuvre(BURP)/OELM/Change of Blade/Change of pillow height/RAMP positioning) when indicated and the same compared to the measured neck lengths. RESULT : The incidence of difficult laryngoscopy was found to be 18 per cent in our study population. Anterior neck length in neutral position was found to be the best predictor of difficult laryngoscopy, with a threshold of less than or equal to 9 cms. No particular neck length correlated with BMI and age. All the neck lengths showed positive correlation with the height of the subject CONCLUSION : ANL with a cut off criterion of less than or equal to 9 cm in neutral position can used objectively when measuring neck length. All neck lengths showed significant change with neck mobility. Rate of change of both PNL and LNL with head extension position showed significant change in difficult laryngoscopy subjects.