bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reformed General Sales Tax in Pakistan
Authors: Hassan B. , Sarker T.K.
Published: December 2023

In Pakistan, general sales tax (GST) is the main source of revenue for the government, but it is not a particularly efficient tax. In this article, the authors discuss the situation and the government’s proposal of 2010 to replace the existing GST by the reformed general sales tax (RGST). However, two years later, the new RGST Act has not yet entered into force.
ANALISIS SENTIMEN MAHASISWA TERHADAP LAYANAN BIMBINGAN TUGAS AKHIR
Authors: Andi Andi WIjaya , Rohman Mujahidin  , Sasmito
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sentimen mahasiswa terhadap layanan bimbingan tugas akhir di Universitas Nurul Jadid (UNUJA) menggunakan metode analisis sentimen dengan algoritma Naive Bayes. Layanan bimbingan tugas akhir memainkan peran krusial dalam membentuk kualitas sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas dan berdaya saing di lingkungan universitas. Namun, penilaian sentimen mahasiswa terhadap layanan tersebut sering kali kompleks dan dapat berbeda dengan pandangan dosen pembimbing. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis kuantitatif dengan mengumpulkan data tanggapan mahasiswa melalui kuisioner dan wawancara. Data teks tanggapan mahasiswa kemudian diproses untuk membersihkan dan memformat data sebelum diimplementasikan dengan algoritma Naive Bayes. Algoritma ini akan mengklasifikasikan sentimen menjadi kelompok sentimen positif, negatif, atau netral berdasarkan informasi yang terkandung dalam teks tanggapan. Hasil analisis sentimen akan memberikan gambaran menyeluruh tentang sentimen mahasiswa terhadap layanan bimbingan tugas akhir di UNUJA. Rekomendasi dapat dihasilkan untuk meningkatkan kualitas layanan akademik, berdasarkan temuan dan interpretasi hasil analisis sentimen
“Self-Driven Power” in the Sustainable Social Innovation Design of Ageing Districts—Based on an Investigation into the Southern Spring Town Historical District in Wuxi
Authors:   School of Design, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China, Liu Meng , Zheng Xiongkai ,   School of Design, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China, Fan Jiancai ,   School of Design, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China, Wang Min ,   School of Design, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
Published: December 2023

This study examines the problems faced by decision-making regarding sustainable social innovation through field research in “villages on the urban fringe,” represented by the Southern Spring Town Historical District in Wuxi. On the premise of protecting urban diversity and cultural recognizability, the “wicked problem” factors that affect the protection and innovative design of the historical district and their framework are analysed by comparing the explicit and implicit factors of the district. This study finds that the residents of this district have undergone spontaneous renewal and changes driven by increasing foreign tourists. These changes are not the result of guidance by government planning and management, nor are they promoted by designers. Additionally, the residents of the Southern Spring Town Historical District generally recognize the unique value of the district’s historical and humanistic landscape. Self-driven power makes the residents’ meaning of environmental protection increase. They actively engage in catering and cultural business activities with Jiangnan regional features. Worries over the district’s lack of successors no longer exist, and a new hope for sustainable development has been gained. We believe that before using planning tools and design thinking to solve the problem of ageing historical districts under the trend of sustainable development, it is necessary to have a deeper understanding of the actual operation of such districts and their real needs and to allow time and space for local residents to solve the “wicked problem” through self-regulation to ultimately achieve the long-term goal of district preservation and sustainable development in a balanced manner.
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), their sources, health concerns and biodegradation of EDCs using laccase
Authors: Singh J.
Published: December 2023

At present, the presence of endocrine disruptor chemicals in the environment are important factors that are affecting the functioning of environmental systems and the health of individuals. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals are present in a wide variety of consumer products and interfere with the functioning of hormones and causing growth and development-related problems in exposed individuals. Laccase is a copper-containing enzyme that has shown its potential to degrade Endocrine-disrupting chemicals. The microbial production of laccase requires a rich source of lignin along with cellulose, hemicelluloses, and other proteins. Thus, lignocelluloses rich wastes may be considered as good substrates for the production of laccase using microorganisms. In this article, we have discusses the fate of endocrine disruptors, and role of laccase in the biodegradation of endocrine disruptors.
Measles in infant children at the present stage
Authors: Begaidarova R. Kh. , Stupina Ye. A. , Sadibekova M. B. , Talipbekova Kh. D. , Koshmina V. N. , Vakhabov A. Z.
Published: December 2023

Today, measles continues to be one of the causes of death among infants and the development of severe complications, despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine.

In the recent years, the epidemic patterns of measles have also changed: there is no periodicity, there is no influence of the seasonal factor, the age structure has changed, and the influence of social status is affecting.

The purpose of our developments was to analyze the course of measles at the present stage, during the period of rising incidence in infants hospitalized in the Infectious Diseases Center of the Regional Clinical Hospital.

The article presents clinical cases of measles in infants of a non-smooth course, with a layer of bacterial flora and the development of destructive pneumonia. Identification of the cause of the disease, lack of vaccination.
Tourism brand of Kazakhstan: methods of formation and mechanisms of promotion of the tourism industry
Authors:   Kazakh Academy of Sports and Tourism, Kadyrbekova Dinara , Abdraiymov Мatrim ,   Kazakh Academy of Sports and Tourism
Published: December 2023

Currently, Kazakhstan has a rich and diverse natural and cultural heritage, which provides significant opportunities for expanding the tourism sector. The main element here is to create a powerful brand that attracts tourists from all over the world. The article analyzes strategies that have become successful in different countries, with translation into practical ideas and proposals adapted for Kazakhstan. This underlines the importance of creating a reliable and attractive tourist brand to attract international and domestic tourists, advocating the full use of Kazakhstan's unprecedented cultural and natural wealth as the basis for brand creation. In addition, the innovative opportunities provided by the company of digital platforms, social networks and modern marketing tools were investigated, and a PEST analysis of macro-environment factors affecting the development of a tourist brand in Kazakhstan was carried out. The proposals presented in the article can help strengthen the tourism sector of Kazakhstan and increase the influx of tourists.
History of the creation of a high fashion cluster in the French Republic
Authors: Arstanov Bulat
Published: December 2023

This article is devoted to the current problem of cluster development in the tourism sector of Kazakhstan. As a research task, the author identified an attempt to evaluate the existing experience of the French Republic in creating a high fashion cluster that remains attractive to tourists around the world over a long historical period. The author comes to the conclusion that when forming tourism clusters in Kazakhstan, it is important to take into account international experience and adapt it to local conditions. An example of such a successful approach is the development of high fashion in the world's largest cities. The development of these clusters is directly related to the growth of tourism. Firstly, global fashion centers such as Milan, Paris, London or New York attract a lot of tourists passionate about fashion and shopping, which contributes to the flourishing of the tourism sector and the economy of these cities. Secondly, fashion clusters themselves are becoming significant tourist attractions, where you can enjoy the atmosphere of fashion, learn about the latest trends and purchase unique products. Moreover, these fashion hubs host various events such as fashion weeks and festivals that attract tourists from different parts of the world. This gives new prospects for the development of tourism. Thus, fashion clusters stimulate the tourism industry and contribute to the economic growth of cities and countries.
Weed management in rainfed upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)
Authors: S. T. WANKHADE  , S. G. KHARCHE  , R. M. DESHPANDE  , D. M. GHATOL
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during 1989-90 and 1990-91 to study the effect of weed management in rainfed AHH 468 upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) at Akola. Treatment having normal weeding and hoeing recorded highest seed-cotton yield (722 kg), followed by application of basaline as pre-emergence alongwith 2 weedings and 3 hoeings (658 kg) which reduced the weed intensity by 86.2% compared with the control. Smothering crop greengram (Phaseolus radiatus L.) could not show any significant effect either in increasing the yield of cotton or reducing the weed intensity. Normal weeding and hoeing gave the higher net monetary returns of Rs 2.3 121ha.
Effect of soil-moisture regime, seed rate and phosphorus fertilizer on water use, P uptake and economics of late-sown lentil (Lens culinaris) u. VENKATEsWARLu , 1. P. s. AHLAWAT
Authors: U. VENKATESWARLU  , I. P. S. AHLAWAT
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted with late-sown lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) during the winter seasons of 1984-85 and 1985-86 on a sandy-loam soil at New Delhi. Seasonal and daily consumptive use of water. water-use efficiency, total P uptake and net returns increased with increasing frequency of irrigation, being the maximum with irrigation at 0.60 irrigation water depth : cumulative pan evaporation (IW : CPE) ratio. Lower soil profile of 3&60 cm contributed the maximum mosihue in unirrigated plots, whereas soil profiles of 15-30 cm and (r15 cm contributed more moisture in irrigated plots during 1984-85 and 1985-86 respectively. Higher seed rate of 60 kgha recorded higher total and daily water use, water-use efficiency, P uptake and net returns than of 40 kg/ha. Lower soil profile of 30-60 cm contributed relatively more moishue in the case of 60 kg seedma. P application up to 35 kg PIO,/ha increased the total and daily water use, and that up to 70 kg P205 /ha increased the water-use efficiency P uptake and net returns. Phosphobacterial inoculation alone or with 35 kg P105/ha recorded higher water- use efficiency and net returns in both the seasons, and total P uptake during 1985-86 compared with no P and 35 kg P205 alone respectively.
Performance of rainfed Argentine rape (Brassica napus) under dates of sowing and row spacing in the mid-hills of north-western Himalayas
Authors: J. SHARMA  , D. R. THAKUR
Published: December 2023

A 2-year field experiment conducted during the winterseasons of 1988-89 and 1989-90 indicated that sowing of Argentine rape (Bmvsica napus L.) under rainfed condition in October considerably increased productivity in mid-hills of north-western Himalayas. Sowing in November with daily mean temperature around 13.1C reduced the yield by 38% compared with the sowing in October with daily mean temperature of 16.1C. The intec-row spacing from 30 to 45 cm did not affect growth, yield attribuks and seed yield.
Production potential and economic returns of pearlnaillet (Pennisetum ghucum)-based intercropping system with different grain legumes and oilseed crop under rainfed condition
Authors: D. S. GADHIA  , V. D. KHANPARA  , J. C. PATEL
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during the in texture and slightly alkaline in reaction rainy season 1990 at Junagadh, to study the (7.7 pH). The crops were sown on 1 July production potential and economic return of 1990 using recommended seed rates and pearlmillet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.)R. Br. fertilizer doses for each crop. The total emend. Stuntzl-based intercropping systems. rainfall received during the crop season was Treatments of sole and intercrops with only 852.10 mm. different row ratios were tried in randomized Intercropping adversely affected the yield block design with 4 replications. The soil of base crop of pearlmillet (Table 1) and it was medium in total nitrogen (0.093%), was more pronounced when pigeonpea available phosphorus (38.40 kglha) and [Cajanus cajm (L.) Millsp.] intercropped available potash (264 kgha). It was clayey with pearlmillet at 2 : 1 row ratio. This
Response of linseed to irrigation and nitrogen (Linum usitatissimum)
Authors: H. K . DUTTA  , D. S. RAM MOHAN RAO  , HARBIR SINGH
Published: December 2023

.
Yield and nutrient uptake by winter sunflower (Helianthus annuus) as influenced by nitrogen and phosphorus
Authors: A. MISHRA  , P. DASH  , R. K. PAIKARAY
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during up to 60 kgha (Table 1). Similar effect of N the winter season of 199 1-92 to study the levels was observed on uptake of N, P and effect of nitrogen and phosphorus K. Application of ,60 kg Nha had fertilization on sunflower (Helianthus significant ~eed-~ield advantage of 24 and annuus L.) at Bhubaneshwar. The soil was 8.5% over 20 and 40 kg Nlha respectively. sandy loam, having total nitrogen 0.03%, The stover yield and the harvest index available phosphorus 16.5 kglha, available showed the similar response to N levels. potassium 155.5 kgha and organic carbon Higher seed and stover yields and the 0.368%, with pH 5.7. The experiment harvest index might be due to more uptake consisting of 3 levels of nitrogen (20,40 and of N, P and K. 60 kgha) and 3 levels of phosphorus (20,40 Application of P significantly increased and 60 kgha) and the control with no N and the dry-matter yieldlplant, seed yield, stover P was laid out in randomized complete- yield and N, P and K uptake. The response block design replicated 3 times. Variety was very good up to 60 kg P20,ha. The seed Morden was used as a test crop. The crop yield obtained at 60 kg P20,iha was 8.5 and was sown on 1 December 1991. A uniform dose of 30 kg 6 O h a along with half dose 3% more than that of 20 and 40 kg P,O,ha of N and full dose of P20, as per treatment respectively. The response was higher up to was applied at sowing and the rest half dose 20 kg than the subsequent higher levels of of was top-dressed at 25 days after PiO,. The P application did not influence sowing. Two irrigations were applied at the harvest index of sunflower, but signifi- bud-devklopment and flowering stages of cantly increased the oil yield. This might be the crop. due to abundance of P in seeds which stimu- Dry-matter accumulation increased lated the formation of filled compact seeds significantly with an increase in level of N and increase in seed number.
Response of pea (Pisurn to irrigation sativum)
Authors: K. S. BASWANA  , P. K. LEGHA
Published: December 2023

Pea (Pisurn satiyum ~.~sensu lato) is one the optimum of irrigations to get highest of the most important vegetable crops grown pod yield in PH 1 pea. widely in India. It is not only rich in nutri- A field experiment was carried out dur- ents but being a legume crop also improves ing the winter season (rabi) of 1990 on soil fertility. Generally, in pea 1 or 2 irriga- loamy-sand soil at Bawal. The treatments tions are recommended (HAU, Hisar, 1992) consisted of 7 irrigation levels: T,, no irriga- and even it couid be raised successfully un- tion (conserved moisture); T,, 1 irrigation as der rainfed conditions (Muthuswami et al., pre-sowing; T,, 2 irrigations, 1 each at pre- 1980). But in south-west zone of Haryana, sowing and at flowering; T,, 2 irrigations, 1 farmers use more frequent irrigation: to har- each at pre-sowing and fruiting; T,, 3 irriga- vest a good crop of pea. The present investi- tions, 1 each at pre-sowing, flowering and gation was therefore conducted to find out 15 days after fruiting; T,, 4 irrigations, 1
Effect of methods of sowing and weed management on yield of chicory (Cichorium intybus)
Authors: H. M. MEHTA  , J. R. CHAVDA  , J. R. PATEL
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during Though the weed-management treat- winter season of 1992-93 to study the effect ments barring unweeded control did not dif- of methods of sowing and weed fer significantly among themselves: how- management on weed control and root yield ever, proved superior to the unweeded con- of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) at Anand. trol for weed density (at 60 days). The dry The soil was loamy sand. Nine treatments weight of weeds was influenced significantly comprised 2 herbicides (trifluralin @ 0.5 by different treatments. Methods of sowing kglha and pendimethalin @ 0.5 kglha both treatments and 2 hand-weeding treatments as pre-emergence), 2 conventional weeding proved effective in reducing dry weight of treatments (hand-weeding at 30 days after weeds. Though the herbicides and 1 hand- sowing and 2 hand-weedings at 30 and 60 weeding treatments significantly reduced days), 2 methods of sowing (line sowing by the dry weight of weeds compared with the seed drill and shallow sowing through unweeded control, these did not show supe- furrow opened by kudali each at 20 and 30 riority to methods of sowing treatment and 2 cm width) along with unweeded control, hand-weedings (broadcast sown). Both the were tried in randomized block design with herbicides found more or less equally effec- 3 replications. Chicory cv. Rexor was tive in controlling Chenopodium album L., sown on 20 November 1992 and harvested Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. and on 17 April 1993. The crop was uniformly Eragrostis cilianenisis (All.) Link compared fertilized with 100 kg N + 50 kg P,O, + 50 the unweeded treatment. Both herbicides kg &O/ha as basal application in the form significantly reduced the weed density com- of urea, single superphosphate and muriate pared with the unweeded control. Pate1 and of potash respectively. The crop was Upadhyay (1989) noted the effectiveness of irrigated 5 times during the crop season. pendimethalin in reducing the weed density Species-wise weed density was recorded throughout the growth period of chicory. using 0.25 m2 quadrate from randomly Significant differences were observed in selected 2 spots in a plot at 60 days. fresh as well as dry weight of chicory roots However, predominant weeds counted due to different treatments. Significantly separately. In hand-weeding, the count was highest yields of chicory (20,648 kg fresh taken just before the operation and and 4,750 kg dry rootslha) were recorded subsequently the dry weight was recorded. with 2 hand-weedings when compared wxth
Effect of humic acid on rainfed upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)
Authors: U. SOLAIAPPAN  , A. MUTHUSANKARANARAYANW  , P. MUTHUSAMY
Published: December 2023

Input cost is increasing day-by-day and it of water at squaring and flowering stages necessitates to develop low-cost technolo- (T,), foliar spray of 0.25% humic acid at gies for higher returns, especially in rainfed squaring aAd flowering stages (T,), foliar situation. Chandrasekaran (1989) reported spray of 0.5% humic acid at squaring and that soil application of humic acid as potas- flowering stages (T,), foliar spray of 1% sium humate might influence the crop humic acid at squaring and flowering stages growth indirectly through formation of com- (T,,), seed soaking in 0.5% humic acid and plexes with ammonium rendering the nitro- foliar spray of 0.5% humic acid at squaring gen slowly available and also through the - formation of complexes with iron and zinc Table 1. Effect of humic acid on growth and yield of rendering them absorbable by the plant rainfed upland conon roots. Seed soaking in 1.5% humic acid and foliar spraying of humic acid improve the Treatment Plant Sympodial Bolls1 Seed-cotton crop growth and yield in summer- height plant plant yield (cm) (ha) irrigated cotton (Gossypium sp.) (AICCIP, Coimbatore, 1994). There is limited infor- mation regarding the use of humic acid for rainfed cotton. Hence the present study was undertaken to find out the effect of humic acid treatment on seed-cotton yield of up- land cotton (G. hirsutum L.) under rainfed situation. A field experiment was conducted during the winter season (rabi) of 1991-92 at Kovilpatti, with 12 treatments in randomized block design replicated thrice. The treatments compared were the control (T,), application of farmyard manure @ 12.5 tonneslha (T,), seed soaking in water for 12 hr (T,), seed soaking in 0.5% humic acid for 12 hr (T,), seed soaking in 1% humic acid for 12 hr (T,), seed soaking in 1.5% humic acid for 12 hr (T,), foliar spray Details of treatment are described in text
Effect of date of transplanting and water-management practices on yield of basmati rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: AMARJIT S. BALI  , H. S. UPPAL
Published: December 2023

, . . A field experiment was carried out during rainy seasons of 1989 and 1991 to study yield of basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) as influenced by different water-management practices under 2 dates of transplanting, viz. 10 and.39 July. Water-management practices included 4 initial submergence durations of 5 days (S,), 10 days/ (IJ 15 days (S,,) and 20 days (S,) and 2 subsequent irrigation levels of irrigation at 2 days (I,) ${o), and 4 da s after infiItration.of the previously ponded water. Transplanting the crop on 10 July increased root density, N, P and K uptake and head-rice recovery ,.. along with significant increase in grain yield by 9.4 and 7.9% over 30 July 1989 and 30 July 1991 . respectively. Initial submergence duration (SIS) significantly increased the grain yield, rooting density and N, P and K uptake over S, and S,b treatments. Subsequent irrigation level of I, gave significantly higher grain yield of 6.3 and 8.6% than 4 during 1989 and 1991 respectively. The treatment I, also increased the root density,N, P and K uptake and head-rice recovery.
Response of chickpea (Cicer to levels of phosphorus in rainfed arietinum) upland of Chotanagpur plateau
Authors: R. K. SARKAR  , D. SHrr A. CHAKRABORTY
Published: December 2023

The average yield of chickpea (Cicer cm soil profile at the time of sowing was arietinum L.) under rainfed conditions in 22.7 and 22.5 cm during 1987-88 and Chotanagpur plateau is very low. Suitable 1988-89 respectively. Rainfall received variety and efficient use of phosphatic fertil- during the crop season was 196.5 and 83.6 izer play an important role in enhancing mrn during 1987-88 and 1988-89 respec- production and productivity of the crop. tively. Even in soil with medium to high P status The varieties of chickpea differed signifi- response is often obscured due to aberrant cantly for yield-contributing characters and soil and climatic conditions. Response fur- yield (Table 1). The yield-contributing char- ther varies with genotypes. Moreover, the acters and yield were higher in the first year efficiency of applied P seldom exceeds 15% than in the second year, due to low tempera- (Roy et al., 1978). A field experiment was ture and atmospheric humidity coupled with therefore conducted to find out the suitable intermittent rains in first year during variety of chickpea to levels of phosphorus October-December. under rainfed conditions. Variety Radhey recorded significantly The experiment was conducted during highest grain yield, followed by ICCV 5 the winter seasons of 1987-88 and 1988-89 and ICCV 40 during the first year. In the at Deochanda Experiment Station, second year, however, Radhey outyielded Hazaribag. The soil was low in organic car- and ICCV 5 remaining at par with each bon (0.34%), medium in available P (28.4 other all the other varieties. BR 77 kgha) and K (259.1 kglha), with pH 5.9. chickpea recorded the highest number of e The treatments comprising 7 varieties and 4 podslplant, number of grainslpod and grain Lb- levels of P (Table 1) were tested in factorial weightlplant but lesser 1,000-seed weight. design with 3 replications. A uniform dose C 235 and ICCC 41 recorded lower yield of 20 kg Nha and 40 kg P,O,ha along with mainly due to lesser grain weighuplant and P as per treatment was applied basal. The P 1,000-seed weight during both the years. was given through single superphosphate. The higher grain yield in Radhey and The crop was sown at 30 cm x 10 cm spac- ICCV 5 was mainly the resultant effect of ing in the third week of October during both increased 1,000-seed weight. In these 2 vari- ,the years. The available soil moisture in 100 eties, the effect of lower number of pods1
Indian J. Agron. 40 (2) : 3 13-3 16 (June 1995) 7 Effect of soil ameliorants on production potential of gram (Cicer arietinum) in salt-affected environment and their residual effect on pearlmillet (Pennisetrcm glaucum)
Authors: G. KHURANA  , G. P.  , P. P. S  , HARMA P. BHAYA
Published: December 2023

Crop growth and yield are adversely af- of pearlmillet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. fected by saline-alkaline soil and water. A Br. emend. Stuntz] at Navgaon. sizeable area in the flood-prone Eastern In gram (RSG 2) the treatments were 3 Plains Zone of Rajastha faces problems of levels of gypsum (0, half and full gypsum re- saline-alkaline soil and irrigation water. quirement in finely ground form) and 3 lev- Gram (Cicer arietinuml.) is a preferred els of farmyard manure (0, 10 and 20 rainy-season pulse crop. Hence an experi- tonneslha) applied 3 weeks prior to sowing ment was conducted during 1988-91 to and only once at the start of the experiment. study the effect of easily available soil The experiment was conducted in random- ameliorants, viz. gypsum and farmyard ma- ized block design with 3 replications. The nure, for increasing the production of gram residual effects of the 2 soil ameliorants and their residual effect on succeeding crop were assessed in terms of production poten-
Effect of seed ratio on performance of fingermillet (Eleusine coracana)-based mixed-cropping systems
Authors: R.V. SINGH  , M. P. S. ARYA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment on mixed cropping in fingermillet [Eleusine coracana (L.)Gae~tn.] was conducted under rainfed condition during rainy (kharifl seas011 of 1991 and 1992. Grain yield of fingernillet was highest (17.55 qha) in sole crop. It was decreased in all the mixed-cropping patterns except in fingernillet + soybean [Glycine mnx (L.) Merr.] in 9 : 1 row ratio which recorded the highest total grain yield of 21.94 ql ha. The land-equivalent ratio (1.35) and higher fingermillet-equivalent yield (30.30 /ha) were also re- corded in same treatment.
Herbicide economy with surfactants to control weeds in wheat (Tnticum aestivum)
Authors: N. N. ANGIRAS  , AJAY SHARMA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1987-88 and 1988-89 to economize the dose of isoproturon and methabenzthiazuron with surfactants for the control of weds in wheat (Triricurn oestivm L. emend. Fiori & Paol.). There were 28 treatment combinations of 2 herbicides (isoproturon and methabenzthiazuron), 3 doses [50% of the recommended, 75% of the recommended and recommended (1.5 kglha)] and unweeded check in main plots; and 4 surfactants [no surfactant, Selwet (0.5% VN), Triton x- 100 (0.1 % VN) and Teepol (0.5% VN)] 3 replications. Methabenzthiazuron was found su- in subplots with perior to isoproturon in controlling the weeds. Surfactants increased the efficacy of both herbicides in con- trolling Loliwn ternulenfum L. g d other weeds. All the herbicides at 50% of the recommended dose in com- bination with Selwet and Teepol surfactants and 75% of the recommended dose with Selwet being staistically at par gave significantly higher grain yield than recommended dose without surfactant. The rec- ommended dose with surfactant caused phytotoxic effect to the crop.
Effect of methods of seeding, weeding and fertilizer on growth and yield of horsegram (Macrotyloma unzjlorum)
Authors: A. P. NAGARAJU  , Y. H. YEDAHALLI  , K. G. SHAMBULINGAPPA  , S. SKIDHARA
Published: December 2023

A 3-year field experiment was carried out during rainy season of 1989-91 to study the effect of row seeding, practice of weeding and fertilizer on horsegram [Macra@loma uniflorurn (Lam.) Verdc.]. The row seeding was superior to broadcasting, and practice of 2 weedings at critical period was beneficial. Applica- tion of diammonium phosphate @ 75 kgihasignificantly improved the yield parameters and also seed yield of horsegram from 65 1 to 853 kgiha.
Effect inoculation, nitrogen and phosphorus on lentil (Lens culinaris)
Authors: PURSHOTTAM KUMAR  , J. P. AGARWAL  , B.R. SOOD
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at the root length, fresh and dry weights of root R.M.P. College, Gurukul-Narsan, Hardwar, only at ldtq stages of the growth. Applica- during the winter season of 1989-90. The tion of 20 kgaN1ha resulted in a significant experimental soil was loam in texture, increase in root h g t h at harvest over no ap- medium in available nitrogen (380 kg NI plication. ha), rnedium in organic carbon (0.7%), high Similarly, fresh afid dry weights of root at in available phosphorus (40 kg Plha) and 90 days after sowing ang at harvest were potassium (370 kg Wha) and neutral in also improved significantly with N applica- reaction (pH 6.8). Sixteen treatments tion, indicating the importance of starter N . -_ - % consisting of 2 levels of inoculation dose in legumes which had increased the ac- (uninoculated and inoculated with a tivity of bacteria in the later stages. The rhizobium culture), 2 levels of nitrogen (0 grain yield was significantly higher in 20 kg and 20 kg Nlha) and 4 levels of phosphorus Nha treatment than the control. Similar re- (25, 50, 75 and 100 kg P205/ha) were tried sults were reported by Mohamed (1978) in randomized block design, replicated 3 also. times. Full quantity of N and P was applied The response to phosphorus was observed at the time of sowing. The lentil variety T up to 50 kg P2051ha for root length at har- 36 was sown in rows at 25 cm apart on 15 vest and for fresh and dry weights at 90 days October 1989 and was harvested on 15 and at harvest. Negative response beyond 50 March 1990. kg P205/ha indicated that higher level of P *- -- Most of the root parameters improved was not found useful which might have been significantly by the inoculation. Root length, due to nutrient imbalance in soil-plant-sys- number of nodules, fresh and dry weights of tem. Grain yield of lentil increased signifi- rootslplant increased significantly by inocu- cantly up to 50 kg P205/ha and thereafter lation, which may be ascribed to better nod- decreased significantly. Singh and Singh ulation of roots and its culminatiorl in more (1 991) also observed similar effect of P fer- nitrogen fixation that inturns had a signifi- tilization in lentil. cant effect on the grain yield (Table 1).Mai- Thus for getting higher yield from the ti et al. (1988) also obtained higher grain lentil seed may be inoculated with yield of lentil due to inoculation practice. rhizobium culture and crop may be fertilized . , Application of 20 kg Nha influenced the with 20 kg N and 50 kg P205ha. --
Effect of starch polymer and N-triacontanol on Indian mustard (Brassica juncea)
Authors: M. L. TRIPATHI. S. M. KURMVANSHI  , K. N. NAMDEO
Published: December 2023

Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) only were tested in randomized block design Czernj. & Cosson] is mostly grown on with 4 replications. conserved soil moisture received from Varuna Indian mustard was sown on 20 monsoon rains. Limited water supply and 24 October at a row spacing of 30 cm. restricts the growth and development of The crop was fertilized with a basal dose of crops at various physiological processes N,$,,%,. Jalshakti was used @ 20 g/kg of (Turner and Krarner, 1980). Starch polymer seed through seed-coating as a dry powder, (jalshakti) is capable of absorbing water and and 10 kglha through soil application in releasing it slowly (Bandyopadhyay and furrows. N-triacontanol (5 ml in 500 litres Ray, 1988). Similarly, plant-growth water) was sprayed at 40 and 60 days after regulators minimize the morpho- sowing. Water alone was sprayed @ 500 physiological defects, viz. excessive litreslha at 40 and 60 days. The crop was vegetative growth, unsynchronized flower provided with adequate protection against initiation, flower shedding, immature pods insects, pests and diseases. and seed-shattering, and thereby results The plant height, main brancheslplant, higher yield of oilseeds (Prasad, 1991). leaves~~lant, siliquaelplant and 1,000-seed These materials are commercially available. weight were significantly higher in seed + Therefore present experiment was con- soil treatment of jalshakti, but remained on ducted to study effect of jalshakti and N-tria- on a par with the treatment having 3 contanol on growth and yield characters of irrigations only (Table 1). Foliar application Indian mustard. of N-triacontanol @ 5 mllha; however, The field experiment was conducted at proved inferior to both these above Tikamgarh aria Sagar during winter season treatments, but proved superior to the of 1986-87 and 1990-91 on a medium treatment involving seed-coating or soil black soil. Seven treatments including seed- application of jalshakti. coating one, soil application, seed-coating + Seed-coating or soil application of soil application with starch polymer jalshakti, however, proved superior to (jalshakti), foliar application of N- control with respect to plant height, number triacontanol, water spray, control (with no of leaves and siliquaelplant. Even water irrigation) and control with 3 irrigations spray alone proved significantly superior to
Contingent crop planning for rainy and winter seasons in rainfed mid-hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: A J. SHARMA  , D. R. THAKUR
Published: December 2023

A field experiment conducted on conungent crop planning for rainy (Wlartj) and winter (rabi) seasons in mid-hill sub-humid zone of Himachal Pradesh revealed that if the major Wlanymaize (Zea mays L.) could not be sown or failed due to adverse cliinatic conditions, the sowing of blackgram (Phaseolus mungo L.) or horsegram [Macrotyloma unijlorum (lamb.) Verdic.] in the first-fortnightof Angust proved whereas maize, Frenchbean or rajmash (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and soybean [Glycine mar err.] gave negative returns. AU these crops fitted well in sequence with wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.), however, blackgram-wheatse- quence was found most remunerative. In another trial oat (Avena sativa L.) + sarson sown for green fodder from second fortnight of August to September gave significantly higher net returns than toria [Brassica campestris ssp oleifera (Metzger) Sinsk. var torial-wheat, toria-barley (Hordeum vulgare L. sensu lato), toria-mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. & Cosson] and toria-linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) be- cause toria crop gave negative returns. However, the net returns obtained only from wheat, barley and In- dian mustard grown after catch crop of toria were at par with oat + sarson and rapeseed (B. napus L.) crop sown in October.
Intercropping of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) with greengram (Phaseolus radiahs) under varying levels of fertility and plant population and its residual effect on succeeding wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: . P. RAJPUT  , ADITYA KUMAR  , RAKESH KUMAR SHARMA:
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during 1988-89 and 1989-90 at Bichpuri, lu -.ess the feasibility of uniform planting of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] intercropped with greengram (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) undef varying levels of fertility and plant population. Uniform planting of pigeonpea at 60 cm apart rows intercropped with pengram at optimum plant population and recommended fertilization (30 kg Nlha + 60 kg P,O,/ha for pigeonpea and 20 kg N/ha + 40 kg P,O,/ha for greengram) separately drilled gave higher grain yield (15.44 qlha pigeonpea + 8.30 /ha greengram) than either sole pigeonpea (16.84 ql ha) or greengram (8.92 qiha) or rest of the intercropping systems followed. Application of fertilizer drilled separately, by and large, proved advantageous over the fertilizer mixed together for both crops in intercrop- ping system. Higher land-equivalent ratio (1.85) also further established the superiority of former intercrop- ping system. Intercropping of pigeonpea with greengram appreciably increased the wheat yield (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) over the yield obtained after pigeonpea sole.
Direct effect of magnesium, potassium and calcium on yield, protein content and Mg uptake by fingermillet (Eleusine coracana) in acid soil
Authors: K. K. MATHAN
Published: December 2023

A pot-culture experiment was conducted during 1992-93 to study the effect of Mg, K and Ca on the Mg uptake, protein content and yield of fingermillet [Eleusine coracana (I.,.) Gem.]. Magnesium applica- tion at 50 kgha and Ca @ 16.8 tonnesha gave significantly higher grain and straw yields. Magnesium up- take was significantly increased by 30.3, 13.0,30.5 and 13.0% over the control in grain, straw, roots and dry matter respectively, and protein content by 15.9% in the grains. There was a significant reduction of to- tal dry matter, root and straw by potasssium application. The Mg x K interaction was significant, indicating the antagonistic effect.
Effect of fertilizers on the production potential of different crop sequences in arid regions
Authors: RAJENDRA S. YADAV AM) B. L. POONlA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment aimed at optimizing fertilizer use in different crop sequences, was conducted during 1991-92 and 1992-93 at Mandor (Jodhpur). Double-crop sequences recorded higher annual productivity and net retum over monocrops. Pearlmillet [Pennisehrm glaucum (L.) R. Br. emend. Stuntz.1-cumin (Cuminurn cyminum L.) was found more remunerative but less sustainable compared with pearlmillet-Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czemj. & Cosson] in view of higher cost and risk involved in cumin cultivation. All the double crop sequences and wheat (Triticum aesiivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) grown after fallow responded to 100% of recommended fertilizer level (RFL). Additional manuring with farmyard manure (FYM) @ 5 tonnesha in 91 beyond 50% of RFL improved yield of double crops for 3 consecutive seasons. Mustard and cumin grown as monocrops required to be fertilized up to 50% of RFL and additional fertilization (organic or inorganic) did not bring about improvement in productivity any further.
Productivity and economics of double-cropping with pulses and oilseeds against the base crop wheat (Triticum aestivuy)
Authors: R. K. S. TOMAR  , K. N  , NAMDEOI  , J. S. RAGHU
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1992-93 and 1993-94 to evaluate most productive and economic double cropping with pulses and oilseeds against wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori,& Paol.). The production potential in terms of wheat-grain equivalent was higher in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.1--chickpea or gram (Cicer arietinum L.) and blackgram (Phaseolus mungo L.)--chickpea double-cropping systems. Growing of chickpea in winter after soybeati or blackgram was highly profitable compared with that of wheat. Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. & Cosson] and linseed (Linum usitatissimurn L.) were foud next to chickpea on the basis of monetary returns.
Efficient nitrogen management for sustained productivity in lowland rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: K. S. RAO  , B. T. S. MOORTHY AM) C. R. PADALIA
Published: December 2023

A study on rice (Oryra sativa L.) made during 1987-90 at Cuttack under shallow-submerged situation in an alluvial sandy-loam soil revealed that integrated N-management system involving a combination of organics, viz, green-manures or Azolla compost or farmyard manure (FYM) or water-hyacinth compost and inorganics each source meeting 37.5 kg Nlha gave comparable yields to the application of 75 kg N/ha as inorganic N alone. During dry season, at a suboptimal level of 40 kg Nlha, 2-equal split applications (at active tillering and panicle initiation or planting and panicle initiation) proved superior. During wet season at 20 kg Nlha, 2-equal split applications (at planting and tillering or active tillering and panicle initiation) were more ideal. During wet season, single basal application of urea coated with Mussorrie rock phosphate or gypsum or neem (Azadirachta indica L.) at 30 and 60 kg Nlha gave similar yield as that of conventional 3-split application.
Variation in seed size of faba bean as influenced (Vicia faba) by cultivars, irrigation regimes and nitrogen
Authors: M. A. ALABDULSALAM. O.A. ALTAHIR  , H. . BURHAN
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during the winter season of 1991-92 and 1992-93 to study the variation in seed size of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) as influenced by water regimes and nitrogen fertilization. Seed-size distributions were determined using round-hole screens ranging from 6.0 to 9.0 mm in diameter. All seed lots showed a wide range in seed size. The seed size on a single screen varied significantly among cultivars (77.7-85.1 mglseed), irrigation regimes (73.9-95.5 mglseed) and fertility (91.9-100.0 mglseed). The treatments that showed an influence on mean seed size also affected the proportion of the various sizes in the seed lot. Variations in ~ e e dsize within a seed lot were not associated with differences in seed quality.
Effect of integrated application of pressmud and paddy husk with fertilizers on yield and quality of sugarcane (Saccharum fficinarum) o
Authors: M. DINESH KUMARi  , Ke S. CHANNABASAPPA  , S. G. PATIL
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted on a medium black soil at Gangavati on integrated nutrient management in sugarcane (Saccharum officinantm L.). Application of organic sources (pressmud and paddy husk) were foud to substitute 25% of the recomniended fertilizers in getting higher cane and sugar yields. Economics worked out indicated that application of pressmud in conjuction with 100% recommended fertilizers gave higher returns.
Effect of preceding crops on yield of succeeding transplanted u.man rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: M. A. QUAYYUM  , A. F. M. MANIRUZZAMAN
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Joydebpur, Gazipur, duringearly kharijseasons ol lOR7--90 to study the effect of preceding crops, viz. rice (Oryza sativa (L.), maize (Zea mays 1 ..) i111~1 hl:~~kgralii (Phaseolus mungo L.), and crop combinations (inter-or mixed crop) on nitrogen rccluirc~ncril olthe succeeding transplated aman rice. The grain yield of tra~isplanted aman rice was sig~~ilic;inlly higher when the crop was grown after sole blackgram. The preceding legume imporved thc yicltl-cc~nlrihuting characters such as panicle length, number of panicles/m2, number of grainslpaniclc and 1.000-grain weight. The yield increase from the preceding legume was noted in rice crops receiving Ikrlilizcr up to 120 kg Nha.
Integrated weed management in roselle (Hibiscus snbdariffa)
Authors: M. VENKU NAIDU  , M. BHARATHA LAKSHMll
Published: December 2023

A rainfed field experiment was carried oui on sandy clay-loam soil during the rainy (khor!fi scasons of 1987-1989 to know the impact of different weed-management practices on weed control, growth and yield of roselle (Hibiscussabdarrffa L.). Schedulingof 2 hand-weedings at 20 and 35 days t~llcr sowing controlled the weeds more effectively and resulted in the highest fibre yield 2,078 bgllii~. Among the herbicides, pre-planting incorporation of fluchloralin @ 1 kg ailha3 or 7 days beforc sowing inllucnccd the crop favourably and increased the fibre yield by 25.4% than weedy check. I:luchlori~lin when integrated with 1 hand-weeding at 35 days recorded fibre yield on a par with the 1ri1dition;ll ~)rilcticc of hand-weeding twice at 20 and 35 days and proved significantly superior to all other wcctl-control practices.
Effect of-Udsripur rock phosphate aloneand in -combination with maize organics-on (Zea.3nu.s)-wheat (Triticunt nestivum) production under acid soil .
Authors: C. M. SHARMA  , S. KAUL  , S. K. BHARDWAJ
Published: December 2023

Craps vary greatly in their ability to uti- - is of immense importance. The present in- . lize phosphorus from rock phosphates under vestigation. was therefore, undertaken to acid soil conditions. This differential behav- - study the effect of Udaipur rock phosphate iour may be related to their demand for cal- and organic manures on maize (Zeu mays . cium in addition to P. Among the important L.) wheat (Triticum aesiivlrllr L.) sequence means evolved to increase P utilization from under acid soil conditions. rock phosphate, the use of organics, viz. To meet out the ob.jeclives n field experi- farmyard manure (FYM) and biogas slurry ment was conducted at (lie HPKV,
Response of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) varieties to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers
Authors: SUNITA TOMER  , TEJ VEEK SING TOMEK  , SANDEEP KUMAR  , SAVITA TOMER  , MAHAK SINGH  , SUBEY SINGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1988--90 on sandy-clay loam soil to study the responss of Indian mustard [Brussicc~ juncau (L.) Czernj. & Cosson] varielics to XIK levels at Baraut (Meerut). Ilant Iicight: n~rmber ofbranches, dry-matter acci~rnuIa~ion/~lant, number of siliquaelplant, 1,000-seed weight, seed and oil yicldsiha increased significantly with the increasing levels of fertilization up to 120 kg h 4 0 kg lP,O, + 60 kg K,O/ha. All thcse growth and yield attributes were significantly higher in Varuna and lusa Bold than Prakash and 111-1 81 13. Thz interactions of Varuna and lusa Rold with higher levels of fertilization gavz maxirnuin seed yieldlha and dry-matter ;~ccuniulation/pla~it respectively than 111-1 8 11 3 without fertilization gave the minimum.
Influence of sulphur and magnesium on growth and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus)
Authors: V. V. KRISHNAMURTHI  , K. K. MATHANI
Published: December 2023

The trials were conducted during summer and rainy seasons (khar~fl of 1993 to study the influence of sulphur and magnesium fertilization on the yield attributes and seed yield of Morden sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Application of sulphur and magnesium increased the plant growth. Summer crop established early having the higher shoot length followed by kharifone. Combined application of sulphur at 45 kgka and magnesium at 45 kglha reduced the days to 50% flowering in both the seasons by about 3 days, increased the number of filled seedshead, disk weight, 100-seed weight and kernel : husk ratio significantly. Thc sced yield was also increased by 6.2 and 14.9% during summer and kharf seasons respectively.
Effect of source and level of sulphur on production of soybean (@)cine nznx)
Authors: K. RAMAMOORTHYI  , M. RAMASAMY  , K. VAIRAVAN
Published: December 2023

As inlormation is meagre on the effect of sown on 21 Novcmber 1990 and 5 Novem- sulphur nutrition on growth and yield of ber 1991 during winter season of 1990 and soybpn [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], a field 1991, and harvested on 17 February 199 1 csperiment was conducted during 1990 and and 2 February 1992 respectively. Sulphur 1991 to study the effect of different sources was applied basal at the time of sowing as and levels of sulphur on production. The per the treatment schedule. All other im- soil \\as clay loam containing low available proved agronomic management practices nitrogen (185 kglha) and phosphorus (12 5 were followed as per the recommendation. kglha) and medium available potassium Increased grain yield of soybean (Table (250 kglha), with pH 7.9. A randomized 1) was obtained with corresponding increas- J- block design was followed with 9 treatments ing levels of sulhur. The highest yield was (Table l), replicated thrice Soybean CO 1 obtained with the application of 40 kg Slha upas used A fertilizer dose of N, P and K @ which was significantly superior to the con- 20, 80 and 40 kglha rcspcctively was ap- trol. Among the sources, S applied in the plied basal to all the plots The crop was form of gypsum (CaSO,) was found superior