bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coronavirus: Hotspot on coronavirus disease 2019 in India
Authors: Cheke Rameshwar S. , Shinde Sachin , Ambhore Jaya , Adhao Vaibhav , Cheke Dnyaneshwar
Published: April 2020

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) or also known as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been recognized as the cause of respiratory infection in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in late December 2019. As of April 5, 2020, this epidemic had spread to worldwide with 12,03,485 confirmed cases, including 62,000 deaths. The World Health Organization has declared it a Global Public Health Crisis. Coronavirus causes respiratory illness coughing, sneezing, breathlessness, and fever including pneumonia. The disease is transmitted person to person through infected droplets. At present, the research on novel coronavirus is still in the primary stage. Based on the published study, we thoroughly summarize the history and origin, microbiology and taxonomy, mode of transmissions, target receptor, clinical features, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment about COVID-19. This short report writes in hope for providing platform to community and researcher dealings against with the novel coronavirus and providing a reference for further studies.
The effect of COVID-19 on global population and its fatality rate: Retrospective study by online database
Authors: Palem Siva Prasad , Palem Hari Prasad
Published: April 2020

Objective:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a current new virulent disease rising its transmission and fatality with each passing day in the worldwide population. COVID-19 is emerged as a respiratory infection and a suspicious origin of animals and transmission to human in Wuhan, China on December 2019. Later this, the virus was transmitted from person to person through droplets and contacts. The World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China have taken immediate action to reduce transmission and fatality associated with COVID-19 as minimum as possible. However, action has failed to stop transmission of COVID-19 from China to other countries. Since there was no chain break of the virus, the chances are more to increase the case number and fatality. Hence, the study has been designed to perceive the current effect of COVID-19 on the global population and its fatality. The study also focused on review related to treatment for COVID-19.

Material and Methods:

Online database of epidemic disease COVID-19 cases number was collected from www.channelnewsasia.com on 7th April 2020. This data was used to observe the past and present circumstances in the global population and its fatality. The effect of treatment on COVID-19 was reviewed from the few databases of clinical trials (antiviral and antibacterial drugs).

Results:

The online data are used to observe a significant increase ratio of COVID-19 cases and its fatality rate in worldwide as well as country wise. The COVID-19 cases are high in the United States (27.5%), whereas the fatality rate is high in Italy (12.47%). The prevalence of COVID-19 is expected to be reaching 4 million by the end of April 2020 and the fatality rate also might be reached high.

Conclusion:

We have come to the conclusion that the effect of COVID-19 on the global population is significantly increased and the fatality rate also elevated (2.48% to 5.52%). The hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin combination treatment has shown significant improvement in patients with COVID-19 compared to treat with other drugs.
The Implementation of Steam Integrated Thematic Learning Based on Local Wisdom of Kapuas Hulu in Elementary School
Authors: Oktoriyadi Oktoriyadi
Published: April 2020

Kapuas Hulu is one of the districts in Indonesia whose children are still digitally discriminated against in the 21st century, especially disadvantaged villages. Nevertheless, students must think critically and creatively in responding to their limitations and socio-cultural conditions to solve the problems at hand. The principle of global thinking and acting locally and having 4C competencies (critical thinking, communication, collaboration, creativity) as 21st-century life skills are very much needed by students to face competition in the current and future industrial revolution 4.0 era. To prepare such students, one of them was by implementing STEAM integrated thematic learning based on local wisdom. STEAM-based learning could train the abilities and talents of students facing 21st-century problems (Danang Wijaya, et al. 2015: FP-87). The results of the study concluded that integrated STEAM thematic learning based on local wisdom was suitable for application in elementary schools. Implementation in learning was done through integrating the content and context of Kapuas Hulu's local wisdom with the scientific disciplines contained in STEAM and the basic competencies of the content of the lessons in the existing themes to produce designs or products of local wisdom. The impact of its implementation was to be able to develop students' cognitive, affective, and psychomotor abilities that support 21st-century life skills in facing competition in the industrial revolution era 4.0 with the principles of global thinking and acting locally.
Surface curvature-quantized energy and forcefield in spacetime-warped chemical physics
Authors: Tian Zheng
Published: April 2020

Surface curvatures-quantized spacetime’s energy, forcefield, uncertainty and coupling were introduced consistently for geometrizing chemical physics generally to support well-established theories, tackle longstanding problems, predict new chemistry and chemical biology, geometrize Heisenberg’s Uncertainty, and quantize and generalize Einstein’s spacetime.
Photodissociation Dynamics of the Tert-Butyl Perthiyl Radical
Authors: Nichols Bethan , Sullivan Erin , Neumark Daniel
Published: April 2020

The photodissociation dynamics of the tert-butyl perthiyl (t-BuSS) radical are investigated by fast-beam coincidence translational spectroscopy. A fast (6-8 keV) beam of neutral t-BuSS radicals is produced via photodetachment of the corresponding anion, followed by photodissociation at 248 nm (5.00 eV) or 193 nm (6.42 eV) and coincident detection of the neutral products. Photofragment mass and translational energy distributions are obtained at both wavelengths. At 248 nm, the dominant product channel (90%) is found to be S loss, with a product translational energy distribution that peaks close to the maximum available energy and an anisotropic photofragment angular distribution, indicating dissociation along a repulsive excited state. A minor channel (10%) leading to the formation of S2 + t-Bu is also observed. At 193 nm, both two- and three-body dissociation are observed. Formation of S2 + t-Bu is the dominant two-body product channel, with multiple electronic states of the S2 molecule produced via excited state dissociation processes. Formation of S + t-BuS is a minor two-body channel at this dissociation energy. The three-body channels are S2 + H + isobutene, S2 + CH3 + propene, and S + SH + isobutene. The first two of these channels result from a sequential dissociation process in which loss of S2 from t-BuSS results in ground state t-Bu with sufficient internal energy to undergo secondary fragmentation. The third three-body channel, S + SH + isobutene, is attributed to loss of internally excited HS2 from t-BuSS, which then rapidly dissociates to form S + SH in an asynchronous concerted dissociation process.
General Chemistry Without Orbitals
Authors: Lamoureux Guy , Ogilvie J. F.
Published: April 2020

We illustrate the solutions of Schroedinger's equation for the hydrogen atom in coordinates of all four systems, and differentiate the applicability of orbitals in these four systems. We present reasons that future textbooks of general chemistry should exclude orbitals and discuss the teaching of general chemistry on this basis. The incompatibility of molecular structure and quantum mechanics is discussed before a conclusion that quantum mechanics and its orbital artifacts are irrelevant for general chemistry.
Liquid Crystal Coacervates Composed of Short Double Stranded DNA and Cationic Peptides
Authors: Fraccia Tommaso , Jia Tony Z.
Published: April 2020

Phase separation of nucleic acids and proteins is a ubiquitous phenomenon regulating sub-cellular compartment structure and function. While complex coacervation of flexible single stranded nucleic acids is broadly investigated, coacervation of double stranded DNA (dsDNA) is less studied because of its propensity to generate solid precipitates.Here, we reverse this perspective by showing that short dsDNA and poly-L-lysine coacervates can escape precipitation while displaying a surprisingly complex phase diagram, including the full set of liquid crystal (LC) mesophases observed to date in bulk dsDNA. LC-coacervate structure was characterized upon variations in temperature and monovalent salt, DNA and peptide concentrations, which allow continuous transitions between all accessible phases. A deeper understanding of LC-coacervates can gain insights to decipher structures and phase transition mechanisms within biomolecular condensates, to design stimuli-responsive multi-phase synthetic compartments with different degrees of order and to exploit self-assembly driven cooperative prebiotic evolution of nucleic acids and peptides.
Study of Scar Content in Cows When Using Carbohydrate-Vitamin-Mineral Concentrate «LS»
Authors: Hairullin Damir D. , Zinnatov Farit F. , Shakirov Shamil K. , Smolentsev Sergey Yu. , Papaev Radiy M. , Nurgaliev Farit M. , Kamaldinov Ilnur N. , Ovsyannikov Alexander P.
Published: April 2020

Scientific studies of feeding dairy cattle prove that it is most rational to balance rations according to standardized nutrition indicators due to concentrates, which contain all the necessary nutrients in the main diet, consisting of bulky feed (succulent and rough). The advantage of using protein supplements in the feeding of farm animals is that there is no need for oncoming transport of grain fodder and animal feed, which significantly reduces the cost of livestock production.  The digestive apparatus of ruminants, due to the presence of pre-stomachs, is adapted to the absorption and digestion of a large number of coarse plant foods. The main feature of the processes of digestion of ruminants is that the food eaten by animals is exposed to microorganisms in the rumen. Ammonium and other nitrogenous compounds are an accessible form of nitrogen for organisms from which a microbial protein is synthesized in a rumen. This protein and unsplit protein feed are sources of coverage of the amino acid needs of the animal. In this regard, the aim of this work was to study the metabolic processes in the rumen of ruminants. To study the effect of the carbohydrate-vitamin-mineral concentrate «LS», 2 groups of animals were formed with 8 animals each. The contents were investigated: pH, the total concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) - butyric, propionic and acetic; the total number of microorganisms and number of ciliates. The introduction of the carbohydrate-vitamin-mineral concentrate «LS» in the diets of dairy cows for 30 days contributed to an increase in the name of bacteria by 3.3±3.4% and protozoa by 6.7±4.1%. In the cicatricialcontent of the experimental groups, the number of volatile fatty acids increased by 12.4±2.4% and propionic and butyric acids by 3.4±3.1 and 5.7±2.7% in relation to the control group of cows
Importance of γ-secretase in the regulation of liver X receptor and cellular lipid metabolism
Authors: Gutierrez Esteban , Lütjohann Dieter , Kerksiek Anja , Fabiano Marietta , Oikawa Naoto , Kuerschner Lars , Thiele Christoph , Walter Jochen
Published: April 2020

Presenilins (PS) are the catalytic components of γ-secretase complexes that mediate intramembrane proteolysis. Mutations in the PS genes are a major cause of familial early-onset Alzheimer disease and affect the cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein, thereby altering the production of the amyloid β-peptide. However, multiple additional protein substrates have been identified, suggesting pleiotropic functions of γ-secretase. Here, we demonstrate that inhibition of γ-secretase causes dysregulation of cellular lipid homeostasis, including up-regulation of liver X receptors, and complex changes in the cellular lipid composition. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of γsecretase leads to strong accumulation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets, associated with increased levels of acylglycerols, but lowered cholesteryl esters. Furthermore, accumulation of lipid droplets was augmented by increasing levels of amyloid precursor protein C-terminal fragments, indicating a critical involvement of this γ-secretase substrate. Together, these data provide a mechanism that functionally connects γ-secretase activity to cellular lipid metabolism. These effects were also observed in human astrocytic cells, indicating an important function of γ-secretase in cells critical for lipid homeostasis in the brain.
CONTRIBUIÇÃO DA RESOLUÇÃO DE PROBLEMAS COMO METODOLOGIA DE ENSINO DE MATEMÁTICA
Authors: Monteiro Roberta Borges , Alves Laranjeira Suyanne Rodrigues , Neto Jucicleia Gomes Ribeiro , Andrade Leyde Dayane Martinho de
Published: April 2020

Essa pesquisa visa analisar as possíveis contribuições da Resolução de Problemas como metodologia de ensino nas aulas de Matemática, teve como base a Teoria dos Campos Conceituais de Vergnaud. para isso utilizamos uma abordagem qualitativa, tendo como técnica a pesquisa bibliográfica em busca de referenciais que evidenciassem as possíveis contribuições desse tipo de metodologia de ensino. Concluímos que a contribuição da Resolução de Problemas como metodologia de ensino nas aulas de Matemática, apoiada na Teoria dos Campos Conceituais, pode ser uma estratégia de grande potencial para descrever, analisar e interpretar aquilo que se passa na sala de aula, na aprendizagem de Matemática. Promovendo, assim, a produção de conhecimentos, o desenvolvimento de habilidades e atitudes, bem como colaborando para que os alunos se tornem bem sucedidos em sua vida acadêmica e profissional.
Effect of neuromuscular resistance training on the performance of 5-km runners
Authors: Guimarães Miller P. , Campos Yuri A.C. , de Souza Hiago L.R. , da Silva Gaspar P. , Hernández-Mosqueira Claudio , da Silva Sandro F.
Published: April 2020

The
study aimed to identify the effect of a neuromuscular resistance training
protocol (NRTP) on the performance of 5-km distance runners. This study included
18 male runners (age=29.3±3.2 years, fat percentage=11.3±2.6%, body height=1.77±.04
m, body mass=73.4±4.4 kg, time in 5 km=20.6±2.4 min, training years=4.3±0.7
years). First, volunteers were anthropometrically evaluated, and they performed
one-repetition maximum (1RM) 45º leg press (LP) strength test. Second, they
performed an incremental protocol in the 45º LP to acquire the
electromyographic threshold. Third, they completed a 5-km time trial run (5 km
basal). In the fourth session, they performed NRTP in LP. And fifth, the 5-km
time trial run was performed at 30 min, 48 h, 96 h, and 144 h post the NRTP
intervention. A significant decrease (p≤.05) was observed when baseline values
were compared with post 30 min and post 48 h (p=.02 and p=.04, respectively).
However, there were significant positive differences in performance (p=.04 for
time) when baseline values and post 144 h were analyzed. Therefore, it is
concluded that the NRTP can be used by 5-km distance runners to improve their
performance with a break of one week between the intervention and test.
Revisiting Islamic Economics of Nusantara: Conceptual and Legal Perspectives
Authors: Anwar Moch Khoirul , Febrianto Nur Fitroh
Published: April 2020

The development of Islam in Indonesia is inseparable from the economy because Islam initially came to Indonesia through trade. The teachings of Islam are embedded through economic activities such as in commerce and agriculture, although not uses Islamic terms specifically. As a result, many people are not aware that their economic activity becomes part of the implementation of the Islamic economics concept. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the implementation of Islamic economics in this country, both in terms of conceptual and formal legal practice implemented by the community. This study based on library research that focused on studying a variety of works of literature about the Islamic economic system and its implementation in Indonesia. Interviews and observation also collect the data to farmers and cattle ranchers that have taken as the sample. Furthermore, the data analysis employs a content analysis method to identify the specific characteristics of the information when data had been collected. The results of this study indicate that some of the Islamic economics concepts has been applied in the Indonesian daily economy activities. This reflects the manifestation of the 33rd Article of the Indonesian Constitution 1945 that emphasizes economic built by the cooperations and kinship principle. In the society who do farming and animal husbandry, for example, people implements "Paron" and "Gaduh" that use the same principles with musyarakah in the Islamic financing system.
Traces of The Socialist in Exile: Mohammad Hatta and Sutan Sjahrir
Authors: Farid Muhammad
Published: April 2020

This paper aims to reveal the traces of the two national figures, Mohammad Hatta and Sutan Sjahrir during exile in Banda Naira. Both are warrior figures that are difficult to forget in the history of the nation. But their popularity was barely revealed during their exile in Banda Naira. In fact, the legacy of their thoughts and role models is needed to respond to the crisis of leaders who have morality and integrity for Indonesia, and at the same time respond to the challenges of the global era. This paper based on the results of qualitative-historical research, using a phenomenological perspective, especially on the narratives of everyday life of Hatta and Sjahrir in exile Banda. The results of this study indicate that Hatta and Sjahrir were both patriots and educators even they were far away in exile. They built an "Kelas Sore" for Banda children, teaching the values of everyday life, including; religious-ethics, self-integrity, and nationalism. These values are become valuable exemplary for todays young generation, and especially for the people of Banda Naira. This paper concludes, that Hatta and Sjahrir are the most consistent socialist role models in struggling and educating the people for sovereignty, and for a truly independent Indonesian nation
BBC Sex-for-Grades-Report: Nigeria Tertiary Institutions ‘Crisis Management Strategies and Stakeholders’ Reactions
Authors: Fadipe Israel Ayinla , Bakenne Nuraen Adesola
Published: April 2020

Studies have already acknowledged sexual scandals as public relations nightmares of higher institutions of learning. Therefore, we examined the crisis management strategies of Nigerian tertiary institutions and stakeholders’ reactions after the British Broadcasting Corporation’s sex-for-grades report. Adopting qualitative research, we analysed 13 available press releases of institutions retrieved from some institutions’ websites and sampled opinions of 20 stakeholders comprising parents, students and lecturers through a depth interview. We used Coombs’ theory of crisis response strategies: denial, diminish, rebuild and bolstering as thematic categories. We discovered that the institutions mostly used denial with diminish response strategy to blame societal decadence, scapegoat female students for and downplayed the severity of sexual harassment incidence by the institutions. More so, all the stakeholders distrust the credibility of local media in the reportage of sexual harassment cases. However, female students feel aggrieved that school administrations and national government neglected them for failing to outlaw sexual harassment and severely punish offenders. Therefore, we recommend that considering stakeholders’ perception of sexual harassment incidence in Nigerian ivory tower, Nigerian higher educational institutions should not adopt denial response strategy for sex scandal cases.
Algorithm Governance Framework for Media Regulation in Nigerian Media System
Authors: Bashir Abdullahi Saleh
Published: April 2020

The world of media and information, from the time internet became popular, has been in constant rapid changes to such an extent that older models of conventional media system are being challenged if not replaced. One of the changes being experienced in the contemporary media environment is the use of computer codes or algorithms to perform gatekeeping functions that used to be done solely by human agents. This paper reviews the state and challenges of media regulations and the use of algorithms in Nigerian media system. The review showed a gap in media regulation in Nigeria where journalism is compartmentalised in contrast to media convergence and that algorithmic-based journalism may not be effectively regulated. To close this gap, the study used risk-based analysis as a theoretical framework and library research as method to design a framework for algorithmic media governance in the country. The result is the Converged Media Governance Framework for Algorithmic and Mixed Journalism. The framework reconceptualizes the way and manner media regulation is framed and organised as involving only human agents and alsothat journalism in the country should not be compartmentalised in the light of media convergence. The paper recommended the adoption of the framework by stakeholders in the Nigerian media system.
Foreword – Legal History Turns
Authors: Kiefel AC Susan M
Published: April 2020

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Unmet Needs for Legal Services in Australia: Ten Commandments for Australian Law Schools
Authors: AC CMG Michael Kirby
Published: April 2020

After outlining some strengths and failings of the law in Australia in meeting individual and community needs for legal services, the author explains why the recent over-supply of law graduates is unlikely to cure the shortfall in services. He proposes ten ‘commandments’ for Australian law schools, namely to:1. Assure a more diverse intake;2. Attend to vulnerable students, so that they survive their studies;3. Address particular subjects of poverty law;4. Encourage engagement by future lawyers with civil society;5. Promote involvement with all forms of legal aid;6. Acknowledge the importance of the law on costs;7. Enhance access to law through new technology;8. Establish miscarriage of justice and innocence clinics;9. Undertake reliable empirical research and law reform projects; and10. Consider basic lessons to be derived from foreign legal systems.Legal academics, he concludes, have a special duty to critique their discipline and to provide a sense of engagement among lawyers (starting with law students) with the values of the laws they help to implement.
Ethical Conundrums Facing Mediators: Comparing Processes, Identifying Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Gutman Judy , Grant Jodie
Published: April 2020

Mediation forms a core part of dispute resolution initiatives in family law and civil litigation. This article considers several ethical issues confronting mediators in family and civil disputes. We compare ethical frameworks, drawing on issues arising from mediation practice in two specific court-connected fora. Further, we make recommendations for changes to existing mediator training and to applicable standards and codes.
Towards supported decision-making: Article 12 of the convention on the rights of persons with disabilities and guardianship law reform
Authors: Alston Bruce
Published: April 2020

In 2014, a set of National Decision-Making Principles (the Principles) was recommended by theAustralian Law Reform Commission as a legal policy guide for reform of Commonwealth, State and Territory laws. The Principles were aimed to encourage supported decision-making; make the appointment of representatives only a last resort; and to ensure that the will, preferences and rights of individuals direct decisions affecting their lives. This article discusses the sources of the Principles and their relationship to Art 12 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The article then examines the steps that are needed to give the Principles full effect in Australian laws to regulate decision-making by individuals who require support. A major focus in implementing a paradigm shift towards supported decision-making is reform of State and Territory guardianship and administration laws. The article examines how guardianship laws should be reformed consistently with the Principles - to ensure that guardianship is invoked only as a last resort and after considering the availability of support to assist people in decision-making. Further, guardianship should be as confined in scope and duration as is reasonably possible; subject to accessible mechanisms for review; and decision-making should respect the will, preferences and rights of the individual. At Commonwealth level, the National Disability Insurance Scheme legislation incorporates some elements of supported decision-making. However, these should also be augmented by providing legal recognition for supporters, and associated safeguards. The author suggests that the Principles can be a catalyst for facilitating important law reform over following decades. The article examines how the Principles may be used by communities, policy-makers and governments to promote world-leading legal changes to ensure that individuals with disability have an equal right to make decisions for themselves.
Communications rights, disability, and law: The convention on the rights of persons with disabilities in national perspective
Authors: Goggin Gerard
Published: April 2020

Communications and media are now recognised as a vital area of disability, especially when it comes to digital technology. In this article, I discuss the way that rights to communication, articulated in the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), played out in the 2006-2016 period. I trace the evolution of communications as a part of human rights internationally, and then how these rights are considerably advanced with a new formulation in the CRPD. I also analyse the interplay between these communications rights in the CRPD with the law, policy, and regulation at the national level, using the case of Australia. In particular, I discuss a key element of communications rights - universal service (or the entitlement of everyone to telecommunications, and in the present conjuncture, mobile phones and broadband internet). I find that while the CRPD is a useful tool, it has fallen well short in terms of force in the Australian context. In particular, a key obstacle is a striking lack of a comprehensive, overarching legal and policy framework on communications rights. In this situation, I suggest it is imperative to build a comprehensive national legal framework, underpinned by contemporary understandings of disability, and the CRPD, to achieve communications rights for people with disabilities and everyone.
Confronting words: Driving a new legal lexicon of disability
Authors: Croucher Rosalind F
Published: April 2020

In July 2013, the Australian Law Reform Commission (ALRC) was given Terms of Reference to consider the recognition of people with disability before the law and their exercise of legal capacity on an equal basis. In considering what, if any, changes to Commonwealth law could be made, the ALRC was directed to consider, among other things, ‘the language used in laws and legal frameworks’.
Feature extraction from satellite images using segnet and fully convolutional networks (FCN)
Authors: SARİTURK Batuhan , BAYRAM Bulent , DURAN Zaide , SEKER Dursun Zafer
Published: April 2020

Object detection and classification are among the most popular topics in Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing studies. With technological developments, a large number of high-resolution satellite images have been obtained and it has become possible to distinguish many different objects. Despite all these developments, the need for human intervention in object detection and classification is seen as one of the major problems. Machine learning has been used as a priority option to this day to reduce this need. Although success has been achieved with this method, human intervention is still needed. Deep learning provides a great convenience by eliminating this problem. Deep learning methods carry out the learning process on raw data unlike traditional machine learning methods. Although deep learning has a long history, the main reasons for its increased popularity in recent years are; the availability of sufficient data for the training process and the availability of hardware to process the data. In this study, a performance comparison was made between two different convolutional neural network architectures (SegNet and Fully Convolutional Networks (FCN)) which are used for object segmentation and classification on images. These two different models were trained using the same training dataset and their performances have been evaluated using the same test dataset. The results show that, for building segmentation, there is not much significant difference between these two architectures in terms of accuracy, but FCN architecture is more successful than SegNet by 1%. However, this situation may vary according to the dataset used during the training of the system.
Radar cross section analysis of unmanned aerial vehicles using predics
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Caner
Published: April 2020

In this study, a quantitative radar cross section (RCS) analysis of different unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) models were accomplished by means of a series of RCS simulations. The simulations were carried out by high-frequency RCS simulation and analysis tool called PREDICS. To quantify the RCS features of the UAV model, both the anglevariation and frequency-variation simulations for all polarization excitations were performed. The results of the simulations suggested that RCS values were dramatically varying with respect to look angle with some special angles providing the large values of RCS. Generally, the RCS values of the UAV model was increasing with frequency as expected. A quantitative radar detection range analyses were also accomplished to assess the visibility of both the military-type and civil-type UAV models. The outcome of these studies has suggested that large-size UAV model can be easily detected by a high-sensitive radar on the ranges of tens of kilometers while these numbers reduce to a few kilometers for a civilian UAV model that is much smaller than the its military counterpart.
Accuracy assessments of Göktürk-1 satellite imagery
Authors: ARASAN Gökhan , YILMAZ Altan , FIRAT Orhan , AVŞAR Ertuğrul , GÜNER Hasan , AYĞAN Kemal , YÜCE Damla
Published: April 2020

Optical satellite imagery has an important place today in terms of responding to the increasing need for geospatial base in many different fields and disciplines, especially because of their availability and temporal resolution. Because all kinds of geospatial information and data production processes such as orthoimages, maps, vector data and etc. in especially for large project areas provide the opportunity to reduce the cost and time required in the field work, so the interest in high resolution satellite imagery. Göktürk-1, an electro-optical satellite that was launched on December 5, 2016 and acquiring 0.50 m spatial resolution imagery, aims to meet the high resolution image requirements of Turkey. In this study, the horizontal and vertical accuracy of the Digital Surface Model and orthoimages produced by different methods from stereo images obtained from Göktürk-1 satellite in two different regions were investigated. As a result, although the pointing accuracy and the Digital Surface Model accuracy produced from Göktürk-1 satellite imagery, will vary according to the incidence angle of Göktürk-1 satellite, the Digital Terrain Model used in the production of the orthoimage, the selected method for orientation of satellite imagery; a planimetric accuracy of better than ± 2 m RMSE in orthoimage and a height accuracy of better than ± 3 m RMSE is accomplished.
Aptidão climática da mangueira frente ao clima atual e aos cenários futuros (Climatic aptitude for mango crop under actual and future climate scenarios)
Authors: Moura Magna Soelma Beserra de , Oliveira Leide Dayane da Silva , Evangelista Sílvio Roberto Medeiros , Mouco Maria Aparecida do Carmo , Souza Luciana Sandra Bastos de , Silva Thieres George Freira da
Published: April 2020

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a aptidão climática para a cultura da manga para o clima atual e cenários futuros do IPCC (Painel Intergovernamental de Mudanças Climáticas) no Brasil. As condições climáticas ideais para a cultura da manga utilizados neste estudo foram padronizadas para o Brasil de acordo com documentos Zoneamento de Riscos Climáticos Agrícola. Para o zoneamento futuro da manga foram utilizados os dados de temperatura do ar e precipitação gerar por PRECIS e modelos ETA-CPTEC para os cenários de altas e baixas emissões de dióxido de carbono do IPCC (Painel Intergovernamental sobre Mudanças Climáticas), para as condições atuais (de base), 2025 e 2055. Foi utilizado sistema de informação geográfica para elaborar os mapas e tabelas. Os resultados indicam que pode haver reduções nas áreas apropriadas para o cultivo de manga no Brasil, considerando-se os modelos climáticos gerados pelo ETA e PRECIS. Assim, o manejo da cultura da manga deve ser adaptado para tornar possível obter produção satisfatória em cenários de baixa disponibilidade hídrica e aumento da temperatura. This work aimed to analyze the climatic aptitude for mango crop to the current climate and future IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) scenarios in Brazil. The optimal climatic conditions for mango crop used in this study were standardized for Brazil according to Agricultural Zoning Climate Risk documents. For the future mango zoning was used the data of air temperature and precipitation generate by PRECIS and ETA-CPTEC models in concern to scenarios of high and low emissions of carbon dioxide of IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), for current conditions (Baseline), 2025 and 2055. It was used geographic information systems to elaborate the maps and tables. The results indicate that there may be reductions in the areas suitable for the cultivation of mango in Brazil, considering the climate models generated by ETA and PRECIS. Thus, the mango crop management should be adapted to make possible obtain satisfactory production under scenarios of lower water availability and increased temperature. Keywords: Mangifera indica L., climate change, agroclimatic zoning.
Mike Leigh: filmak entseguetan sortzen dituen zinegile baten metodoaren baliagarritasuna aktoreak zuzentzen ikasteko
Authors: Urraza Intxausti Jon
Published: April 2020

Mike Leigh zinegileak aktoreekin egindako sormen-lanean oinarritzen den zinegintza-metodoa garatu zuen, bere filmetan giza presentzia sinesgarriak pantailaratzeko helburuarekin. Metodo horren bitartez, Leighek gidoi-sorkuntza eta aktoreen zuzendaritza uztartzen ditu entseguetan, eta metodo hori ikusentzunezko ikasketetan landuz gero «pantailarako aktoreen zuzendaritza» ikasteko helburuarekin, zuzendari-ikaslea lehenengo momentutik aktoreak zuzentzera derrigortuta egongo litzateke, eta, ondorioz, ikasketa zine-sorkuntza prozesu guztian zehar gertatuko litzateke.
Rockaren bilakaera nazioarteko testuinguru ekonomikoan
Authors: García Lupiola Asier
Published: April 2020

1950eko hamarkadaren hasieran musika-genero berri bat sortu zen Estatu Batuetan, munduan berehala zabaldu zen fenomeno bihurtua: rock-and-rolla. Protesta-mugimendu bilakatu zen, eta planeta osoan hedatu zuten artistek eta taldeek, Hirugarren Industria Iraultzan nazioartean izandako gertaera handien bilakabidearen eraginpean. Hain zuzen ere, nazioarteko harreman ekonomikoek eragin handia izan dute rocka fenomeno planetario bilakatzera eraman duen bide horretan, eta funtsean ekonomian sorburua duten nazioarteko gertaera nabarmenen aurrean salaketarako eta gizartearen nahigabea adierazteko bozgorailu bihurtu da aldi berean.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Matematika Berbasis Contextual Teaching and Learning Berbantuan Pop Up Book untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Penalaran Matematis Siswa Kelas VII
Authors: Widya Peni Nur , Ariyanto Lilik , Murtianto Yanuar Hery
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan bahan ajar matematika berbasis Contextual Teaching and Learning berbantuan Pop Up Booksehingga menghasilkan media pembelajaran yang layak, serta diharapkan dapat efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa kelas VII pada materi bilangan dan lebih baik daripada pembelajaran konvensional. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain pengembangan model ADDIE. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa SMP Kesatrian 2 Semarang. Sampel penelitian adalah kelas VIII C sebagai kelas ujicoba soal instrumen, kelas VII A sebagai kelas kontrol, dan kelas VII C sebagai kelas eksperimen. Hasil dari validasi ahli media baik dan validasi ahli materi sangat baik. Angket tanggapan siswa menyatakan baik. Berdasarkan hasil analisis akhir dengan uji t pihak kanan diperoleh nilai thitung> ttabelmaka H0ditolak. Kesimpulannya bahan ajar ini layak dan rata – rata kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa yang menggunakan bahan ajar matematika berbasis Contextual Teaching and Learning berbantuanPop Up Bookefektif digunakan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa kelas VII dan lebih baik daripada pembelajaran konvensional.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Missouri Mathematics Project (MMP) dengan Strategi Think Talk Write (TTW) Terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Siswa SMP
Authors: Aziz Aminuddin Faizal , Kusumaningsih Widya , Rahmawati Noviana Dini
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Missouri Mathematics Project (MMP) dengan strategi Think Talk Write (TTW) terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa SMP. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Quasi Eksperimen. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Welahan Jepara. Sampel penelitian ini yaitu kelas VIII A sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VIII B sebagai kelas kontrol dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik analisis data dengan uji rerata dua varian dan dilanjutkan dengan uji regresi linier sederhana untuk mengetahui besar pengaruhnya. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan yaitu 1) ada perbedaan rata-rata kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa antara siswa yang mendapat perlakuan model pembelajaran Missouri Mathematics Project (MMP) dengan strategi Think Talk Write (TTW) dan siswa yang mendapat perlakuan model pembelajaran konvensional. 2) terdapat pengaruh positif keaktifan siswa terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa pada model pembelajaran Missouri Mathematics Project (MMP) dengan strategi Think Talk Write (TTW). 3) model Missouri Mathematics Project (MMP) dengan strategi Think Talk Write (TTW) lebih efektif dari pembelajaran konvensional terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa SMP.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Reciprocal Teaching dalam Pembelajaran Matematika untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar Siswa
Authors: Pradja Barra Purnama , Firmansyah Muhammad Arie
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektivitas dari penggunaan model pembelajaran reciprocal teaching melihat kepada penelitian-penelitian yang menggunakan metode ini dalam meningkatkan kemampuan siswa, meningkatkan pemahaman konsep matematika, mempengaruhi sikap positif siswa, lelbih percaya diri, dan pembelajaran yang lebih aktif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Sedangkan tipe penelitian dalam penelitian ini menggunakan deskripsi evaluatif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah beberapa penelitian yang sudah dilakukan sebelumnya yang membahas penggunaan reciprocal teaching dalam pembelajaran Matematika. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan teknik dokumentasi. Penelitian-penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian yang dilakukan selama 7 tahun terakhir, dan penelitian-penelitian tersebut menggunakan tema yang sama yaitu penggunaan reciprocal teaching dalam pembelajaran Matematika. Hasilnya adalah metode reciprocal teaching dapat digunakan oleh para pendidik khususnya dalam pembelajaran Matematika untuk meningkatkan kemampuan matematis siswa, meningkatkan keaktifan siswa dalam belajar, memotivasi siswa lebih baik, meningkatnya kemampuan penalaran siswa, dan meingkatkan efektivitas kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa.
Estimating the generation interval for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) based on symptom onset data, March 2020
Authors: Ganyani Tapiwa , Kremer Cécile , Chen Dongxuan , Torneri Andrea , Faes Christel , Wallinga Jacco , Hens Niel
Published: April 2020

Background

Estimating key infectious disease parameters from the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak is essential for modelling studies and guiding intervention strategies.

Aim

We estimate the generation interval, serial interval, proportion of pre-symptomatic transmission and effective reproduction number of COVID-19. We illustrate that reproduction numbers calculated based on serial interval estimates can be biased.

Methods

We used outbreak data from clusters in Singapore and Tianjin, China to estimate the generation interval from symptom onset data while acknowledging uncertainty about the incubation period distribution and the underlying transmission network. From those estimates, we obtained the serial interval, proportions of pre-symptomatic transmission and reproduction numbers.

Results

The mean generation interval was 5.20 days (95% credible interval (CrI): 3.78–6.78) for Singapore and 3.95 days (95% CrI: 3.01–4.91) for Tianjin. The proportion of pre-symptomatic transmission was 48% (95% CrI: 32–67) for Singapore and 62% (95% CrI: 50–76) for Tianjin. Reproduction number estimates based on the generation interval distribution were slightly higher than those based on the serial interval distribution. Sensitivity analyses showed that estimating these quantities from outbreak data requires detailed contact tracing information.

Conclusion

High estimates of the proportion of pre-symptomatic transmission imply that case finding and contact tracing need to be supplemented by physical distancing measures in order to control the COVID-19 outbreak. Notably, quarantine and other containment measures were already in place at the time of data collection, which may inflate the proportion of infections from pre-symptomatic individuals.
The use of chitosan against potato gangrene during storage
Authors: Mohammed Sabah Rabie , Eskov Ivan Dmitrievich
Published: April 2020

Potato gangrene is a very dangerous disease developing during storage and can lead to serious crop losses. The main control of this pathogen is reported by the post-harvest use of fungicides. However, the pathogen resistance to fungicides and public concerns about food safety require the search for new alternatives to fungicides, potentially less harmful to human health and the environment. The antifungal influence of chitosan against Phoma exigua var foveata and analyzing its inhibitory effect on the gangrene of potato tubers were investigated. The results showed that the growth of the mycelium and the germination of Phoma spores were suppressed by chitosan treatment, and the inhibitory effect was strongly correlated with the chitosan concentration. The effectiveness of post-harvest chitosan treatment has been studied for induced resistance to Phoma rot in tubers of two potato varieties (Kolobok and Santa). In vivo studies have shown that chitosan treatment at a concentration of 0.5 or 1% effectively combated gangrene potato tubers inoculated with a suspension of Phoma spores. However, treatment with chitosan at a concentration of 1% caused phytotoxicity of potato tubers. Chitosan increased the activity of peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in tubers. This study suggests that the influence of chitosan may be related to the induced resistance of potato Phoma rot, and the use of chitosan may be a promising agent as a natural fungicide for partial replacement of synthetic fungicides to protect potato tubers during storage.
Technical and economic indicators of gas distribution networks when connecting agricultural subscribers
Authors: Spirina Elena Lvovna , Gusarova Elena Aleksandrovna
Published: April 2020

The paper discusses the possible target parameters for the feasibility study for the construction of gas distribution networks when connecting agricultural subscribers. A methodology for updating data on the cost of building of gas distribution networks for the short-term period is given. The calculation example shows the technical and economic comparison of various solutions of gas distribution networks.
The value of the breeding index of new corn hybrids for grain when grown on bogara and during irrigation
Authors: Panfilova Olga  Nikolaevna , Chugunova Elena  Vasilievna , Avilova Yulia Anatolievna , Derunova Svetlana Nikolaevna , Buravlev Andrey Petrovich
Published: April 2020

They are given the results of the study of new early-ripening and mid-early hybrids of corn for grain according to the main economic characteristics: grain yield and harvesting moisture of the grain on two backgrounds - dry land and irrigation in the Volgograd region. The main indicator of the hybrid value  was the figure of the breeding index. As a result of studies, it was found out that the productivity of corn hybrids increases sharply under irrigation conditions, in comparison with the bogara it is higher by 75–85%, and in dry years by 100% or more. Harvesting grain moisture of hybrids during irrigation is always higher. Due to the high grain yield, the breeding and economic value of hybrids on irrigation in any test year is higher than on the bogara. According to the data in the early ripening group on the bogara, the breeding index was 2.4; under irrigation it was 3.4; in the mid-early group - 2.5 and 3.6, respectively. The best hybrids were selected for transmission to the Testing of New Varieties and further implementation in production: in the early ripening group: WG 3, WG 4, WG 5, in the mid-early one: RS 5, RS 6, RS 8.
Electrocardiogram of young sheep of different genotypes
Authors: Ivonin Alexey Gennadievich , Peshkin Evgeniy Alexandrovich , Kaneva Lidiya Alexandrovna , Zharikov Yakov Alexandrovich , Smirnova Svetlana Leonidovna
Published: April 2020

The method of electrocardiography was used to study the electrical activity of the heart of purebred and crossbred young sheep of the Pechora Experimental Station at the age of 70-90 days. Statistically significant differences between groups of young sheep of different genotypes which were probably related to the constitutional features of animals were found in the amplitude of the R-wave and T-wave on the ECG in the III sagittal lead as well as in the position of the electrical axis of the heart. The results of the studies should be considered when assessing the functional state of the cardiovascular system of the offspring of sheep received from parents with different genetically determined constitutional productive qualities.
Developing theoretical ideas on the utilization of poultry droppings and analysis of approaches in used machine technologies
Authors: Hajiyev Rovshan Mustafa oglu , Mamedov Gabil Balakishi oglu
Published: April 2020

An analysis of the projects for the utilization of bird droppings is carried out, a model of a multi-level process of technological design with a choice of an erroneous solution at every step is presented.