bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lightweight fruit detection algorithms for low‐power computing devices
Authors: Lawal Olarewaju Mubashiru , Zhao Huamin , Zhu Shengyan , Chuanli Liu , Cheng Kui
Published: June 2024

A lightweight fruit detection algorithm is important to ensure real‐time detection on low‐power computing devices while maintaining detection accuracy. In addition, the fruit detection algorithm is also faced with some environmental factors. To solve these challenges, lightweight detection algorithms termed YOLO‐Lite, YOLO‐Liter and YOLO‐Litest were developed based on the YOLOv5 framework. The compared mean average precision (mAP) detection revealed that YOLO‐Lite at 0.86 is 2%, 4%, 5%, 7%, and 16% more than YOLO‐Liter and YOLOv5n at 0.84 each, YOLOv4‐tiny at 0.82, YOLO‐Liter at 0.81, YOLO‐MobileNet at 0.79, and YOLO‐ShuffleNet at 0.70, respectively, but not for YOLOv8n at 0.87. On the Computer platform, except for YOLOv4‐tiny at 178.6 frames per second (FPS), the speed of YOLO‐Litest at 158.7 FPS is faster than YOLO‐Liter at 129.9 FPS, YOLO‐Lite at 120.5 FPS, YOLO‐ShuffleNet at 119.0 FPS, YOLOv8n at 116 FPS, YOLOv5n at 111.1 FPS, and YOLO‐MobileNet at 89.3 FPS. Using Jetson Nano, the 32.3 FPS of YOLO‐Litest is faster than other algorithms, but not YOLOv4‐tiny's 34.1 FPS. On the Raspberry Pi 4B, YOLO‐Litest with 4.69 FPS, outperformed other algorithms. The choices for an accurate and faster detection algorithm are YOLO‐Lite and YOLO‐Litest respectively, while YOLO‐Liter maintains a balance between them.
Prospects of Smart Cities in Energy Saving and Transportation Data Visualization under the Background of Dual Carbon
Authors: Li Yuyang , Niu Lihua
Published: June 2024

Smart cities play a crucial role in the construction of low-carbon, energy-saving and emission reduction and the visual interconnection of transportation data. In terms of energy saving, through the development of emerging technologies led by AI, IoT, etc., it can further achieve the optimization of energy management and urban operational efficiency, thus realizing the purpose and original intention of reducing energy loss and improving energy utilization; in terms of energy storage, smart cities can adopt the combination of smart grids and electric power storage, and the promotion of smart grids, especially photovoltaic power generation, which can help to improve the utilization rate of renewable energy. In addition, and further promote the improvement and refinement of urban optimization services. Future smart cities will play an increasingly critical role in improving the efficiency of traffic management in terms of traffic data collection and visualization. This paper introduces the application and outlook of smart cities in energy saving and traffic data visualization, and hopes to provide new ideas for improving urban management, improving the quality of life of residents, and promoting sustainable development of cities in the context of the implementation of the “dual-carbon” goal at the present time.
Spatial characteristics of community mental health institutions in urban contexts—Using the architectural design of the Mallet ST Youth Mental Health Centre in Sydney, Australia as a case study
Authors: Zhang Xinfang
Published: June 2024

Promoting the Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2030 issued by WHO, there is a global trend to transform the mental health care system from a psychiatric hospital-centred mode to a community-based network. Under this trend, decentralised community mental health institutions are gradually replacing psychiatric hospitals and mitigating the stigma of mental illness in the community. Plus, the operation mode and functions of mental health facilities become different, with their space design emphasising different features and requirements. Especially in urban contexts where it is crowded and people face more stressors and complex environments, mental health facilities have more challenges in dealing with the relationship with the surrounding community, reducing stigma from the community, and the impact of the space on patients’ mental health. The goal is to explore the spatial characteristics of community mental health institutions in cities and to establish architectural design strategies for these institutions. Through a summary of theories on the built environment of community mental health institutions, combined with an analysis of internationally approved projects, five spatial characteristics were identified: (1) community shared space, (2) threshold space, (3) therapy space, (4) activity space, and (5) natural space. The research on the above five spatial characteristics, combined with the local social and cultural background and the specific needs of adolescents’ mental health, was innovatively applied to the architectural design of the Mallet ST Youth Mental Health Centre in Sydney, Australia.
Sustainable Urbanism and Architectural Design: An Interdisciplinary Exploration
Authors: Yan Yi , Li Danyu , Qin Ke , Kong Yixi , Wu Xiaofei , Liu Qian
Published: June 2024

This academic article delves into the intersection of sustainable urbanism, architectural design, and human-computer interaction (HCI). It explores the dynamic relationships between these fields, highlighting the potential for creating more sustainable, user-centric cities through innovative design practices. By examining case studies, research findings, and emerging trends, this article provides insights into the collaborative efforts of designers, architects, and HCI experts to shape the cities of the future.
Construction of a climate risk index under the media attention perspective and its empirical test for financial market volatility
Authors: Yang Yifan , Sun Xuecong , Shi Lingyun , Gai Zekun
Published: June 2024

Under the current economic situation, China’s economy is steadily moving from the stage of high-speed growth to that of high-quality development. while climate risks arising from global warming are receiving increasing media attention. Media attention has a profound impact on the perception and investment decisions of financial market participants. This paper constructs a climate risk index based on media attention and empirically investigates its relationship with stock volatility. It is found that the climate risk media index significantly affects stock volatility, which provides a theoretical basis for the regulation of financial asset price volatility. Through in-depth study of its influence mechanism, it can provide accurate decision support and risk management strategies for financial market stabilization.
An Empirical Study of Purchase Intention of Macau Tourists Based on Multiple Linear Regression -- Take the Ruins of St. Paul’s as an example
Authors: Cui Jiayang
Published: June 2024

The rapid development of Macao’s tourism economy has attracted a large number of domestic and foreign tourists to visit famous scenic spots in Macau, including the Ruins of St. Paul. The research object is to explore the impact of tourist factors on tourist attractions in Macau on their purchase intentions: (1) the impact of tourists coming to Macao on the local economy; (2) whether the infrastructure, service quality and other factors of local attractions in Macao are trusted by tourists; (3) based on the above factors, the willingness of tourists to consume in Macao. In order to study the future development direction of Macau’s tourism economy as well as to discover the existing problems in the tourism industry, this paper takes the Ruins of St. Paul’s attraction as the blueprint of the survey, and uses multiple linear regression to quantitatively analyze the six dimensions of Infrastructure Construction (IC), Public Transportation Services (PTS), Marketing Services (MS), Tourism Supervision Services (TSS), Perceived Trust Level (PTL), and Visitors’ Willingness to Spend Money at the Attraction (The six dimensions of PI) were quantitatively analyzed to derive the level of satisfaction regarding travelers’ visit to the St. Paul’s Pavilion, and ultimately the path coefficients associated with each variable. The results of the study revealed that :(1) When tourists visit the Ruins of St. Paul in Macao, the infrastructure, public transportation, market services, and trust of tourists in the attraction have a significant positive impact on the purchase decision of tourists, while the local tourism services have no significant impact on the purchase decision. (2) There is a positive correlation between tourists’ evaluation of the infrastructure, public transportation, market services and tourism supervision of the big three buses, and (3) the above factors are positively related to their trust in scenic spots and willingness to buy, indicating that there is a certain relationship between different variables. The results of this analysis and the corresponding conclusions drawn provide a reference for enhancing the overall tourism development of the city of Macau.
Exploring a digital technology framework for building rural security transformation
Authors: Dong Xuan , Shi Lang , Zeng Xinyue , Cai Fupeng , Dong Zuorong , Chiu Chenyuan
Published: June 2024

The safety of the original old buildings in the upgrading and remodeling of traditional rural landscape has become a key aspect that cannot be ignored. In particular, the age-old traditional buildings belong to the typical master and apprentice inheritance system of construction mode, there is no remaining architectural archives, architectural information is unclear, especially the hidden genes, it is difficult to comprehensively control the rural landscape transformation, and there is an urgent need for an effective technical means to support. By applying 3D scanning and BIM technology, engineers and technicians are able to efficiently obtain the relevant information of traditional village landscape, discover potential safety risks in advance, and take timely measures. The practice has an important application prospect in village landscape upgrading and reconstruction. The combination of 3D scanning and BIM technology in “safety renovation” can improve the level and effect of the renovation, and provide strong technical support for the smooth implementation of the traditional rural landscape upgrading and renovation.
Shared Vision Planning for Hydrological System: Fuzzy Evaluation and Heuristic Algorithms for Water Level Prediction
Authors: Liu Yuqi , Zhu Chaoyi , Du Jiashuo
Published: June 2024

Effectively managing hydrological systems requires a comprehensive strategy involving data collection, predictive modeling, and stakeholder engagement. This study integrates “Shared Vision Planning” principles with fuzzy evaluation and heuristic search, aiming for a balanced and sustainable hydrological system management strategy. The synergy between fuzzy evaluation and heuristic algorithms establishes a robust decision-making framework, optimizing water resource utilization and addressing varied interest groups’ concerns. Tested using data from the Great Lakes region in North America, our model demonstrates effectiveness in achieving coordinated water resource management, contributing to a resilient water resource management paradigm with positive implications for regional development.
Regional regulations on the fairness of commercial contracts between Australia and the United States, taking the PayPal case as an example
Authors: Yuan Fang
Published: June 2024

The regulation of contract fairness has been one of the focuses of scholars from various countries in recent years. This may involve the composition of the contract, the legality of the contract and the disadvantageous situation of the weak party in one contract. This essay takes the possible unfair terms in Australia’s PayPal case as an example to discuss the nature of unfair terms, the necessity of ASIC intervention, regulatory measures, and related statutes in Australia. To analyse the regional regulation of this issue, the regulation of unfair terms in the United States is also discussed. By comparing the regulation methods of the two countries and analysing the impact of unfair term regulation on market fairness, some suggestions are given to Australia.
Integrating Plant Physiology in Landscape Architecture: A Comprehensive Approach to Sustainable Garden Design
Authors: Wang Xueyan
Published: June 2024

This paper delves into the convergence of plant physiology and landscape architecture, with the overarching objective of establishing a comprehensive framework for the creation of sustainable garden designs. The fusion of these disciplines allows landscape architects to harness a profound understanding of the intricate needs and intrinsic characteristics of plants. In doing so, they can craft gardens that not only exhibit resilience but also harmonize with the environment, all while appealing to the senses. This exploration encompasses a broad spectrum of plant physiological aspects, embracing themes like water and nutrient uptake, the intricate process of photosynthesis, and the complex responses plants exhibit when subjected to stressors. Furthermore, this paper extends its purview to practical applications of this botanical knowledge in the realm of garden design. It underscores the pivotal role played by plant physiology in guiding decisions regarding plant selection, the thoughtful arrangement of garden elements, and the implementation of maintenance practices. The ultimate aspiration is to underscore the significance of adopting a scientifically informed approach within landscape architecture—a mindset that can pave the way toward the creation of healthier, more sustainable, and aesthetically captivating outdoor spaces. Through this holistic integration of plant physiology and landscape architecture, we embark on a journey towards the conception of gardens that are not just visually appealing but also ecologically meaningful and enduring.
Impfen in schwierigen Situationen
Authors: Borte Michael
Published: June 2024

Fehlgeleitete Immunreaktionen bei Patienten mit Autoimmunerkrankungen triggern wesentlich deren intrinsische Infektionsanfälligkeit. Diese wird noch verstärkt durch verschiedene Medikamente und immunsuppressive Therapien. Viele dieser Infektionen sind jedoch impfpräventabel und ein umfassender Impfschutz unserer Patienten mit rheumatischen oder Autoimmunerkrankungen ist erwünscht. Der behandelnde Arzt muss seine Entscheidungen im Spannungsfeld zwischen Infektionsrisiko, Impfrisiko und Impferfolg treffen. Die Behandlung mit Immunsuppressiva gehört zu den am häufigsten genannten Gründen für Indikationsimpfungen in den jährlich aktualisierten Empfehlungen der Ständigen Impfkommission am Robert Koch-Institut. Viele Fragen bleiben aber offen, da Krankheitsbilder und deren Behandlung durch Immunsuppressiva sehr unterschiedlich sind.
„Ja, Polka ist schon cool!“ Aber immer noch ein schwieriges Feld
Authors: Huber Gerhard , Kaiser Thomas , Weiß Klaus
Published: June 2024

Betrieb und Arbeitsplatz sind für viele Menschen die einzige Option, um sie mit
dem Thema Gesundheitsförderung zu erreichen. Dies gilt besonders für das
Arbeitsfeld der stationären Altenpflege, da wir denjenigen, die für die
Gesundheit und Pflege anderer Menschen sorgen, besondere Aufmerksamkeit widmen
sollten. Die hohe Arbeitsbeanspruchung und die hohen Arbeitsunfähigkeitszahlen
wurden im Rahmen des Modellvorhabens POLKA ausführlich analysiert und an anderer
Stelle publiziert. Das Modellvorhaben POLKA ist durch die Einbindung der
Einrichtungen und ihrer Leitungen für eine erfolgreiche Implementation
gekennzeichnet. In Ergänzung zu den quantitativen Forschungsansätzen wurden die
konkreten Erfahrungen und Einschätzungen der Heimleitungen qualitativ durch
strukturierte Interviews erschlossen. Die computergestützte Auswertung der
Interviews ergab einen substanziierten Einblick in die Förderfaktoren und
Barrieren der Projektumsetzung. Die Compliance der Mitarbeiter*innen in Form der
Reaktanz konnten als relevante übergeordnete Kategorie identifiziert werden, für
die Handlungsbedarf besteht.
Translation der Ergebnisse und Erfahrungen aus dem Modellvorhaben
POLKA in einen praxisbezogenen Kontext
Authors: Weiß Klaus , Kaiser Thomas
Published: June 2024

Im Rahmen des Pilotprojekts POLKA wurden weitereichende Untersuchungen,
Assessments und praktische Erfahrungen zur Umsetzung der Konzeptidee gemacht. Um
den Prozess der Anpassung der Projektabläufe und Inhalte zeitnah in folgende
Angebote anwenden zu können, werden in diesem Artikel Erkenntnisse und
Lösungsvorschläge zusammenfassend dargestellt. In einer weiteren Zusammenarbeit
der Projektbeteiligten ist es so möglich, in den zukünftigen Prozessen die
Erkenntnisse zu berücksichtigen und eine noch erfolgreichere Umsetzung der
Projektanforderungen zu ermöglichen.
Tandem [5,5]-/[3,3]-Rearrangements of Aryl Sulfoxides with Allyl Nitriles
Authors: Hu Mengjie , Ru Liying , Peng Bo , Zhu Mengjiao , Yang Shengwen , Fan Suojiang , Ji Jiangtao , Zheng Dingming
Published: June 2024

Tandem aromatic rearrangements represent a potent strategy for modulating the regioselectivity of a rearrangement process. In this article, we disclose two novel tandem aromatic rearrangements triggered by sulfonium [5,5]-rearrangement recently developed in our laboratory. Specifically, the [5,5]-rearrangement of aryl sulfoxides with allyl nitriles, followed by [3,3]-Cope rearrangement, forges a seamless tandem [5,5]-/[3,3]-rearrangement cascade, affording ortho-functionalized aryl sulfides. The other tandem process involves [5,5]-rearrangement of aryl sulfoxides with allyl nitriles, followed by nucleophilic addition/DDQ-oxidation-induced [3,3]-Cope rearrangement, eventually yielding meta-functionalized aryl sulfides. Both consecutive rearrangements enrich the repertoire of tandem aromatic rearrangement methodologies.
(R)-(−)-Xanthorrhizol Inhibits the Migration and Invasion of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells by Suppressing Matrix Metalloproteinases via the NF-κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Al-Amin Mohammad , Fazalul Rahiman Siti Sarah , Khairuddean Melati , Muhamad Salhimi Salizawati
Published: June 2024

(R)-(−)-xanthorrhizol is a bioactive sesquiterpenoid and major chemical constituent of Curcuma zanthorrhiza rhizomes. It was reported to have many pharmacological activities including nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antihypertensive, antihyperglycemic, antiplatelet, estrogenic, and antiestrogenic properties. (R)-(−)-xanthorrhizol was also investigated for antiproliferative activity against many cancer cells including breast, lung, liver, ovarian, and colon cancer. It was also revealed to have a potential effect on TNBC cells MDA-MB-231. Considering the previous studies, this study has aimed to investigate the antimigratory and anti-invasive properties, as well as the possible molecular mechanisms, behind these properties. The findings of (R)-(−)-xanthorrhizol on MDA-MB-231 cell migration and invasion demonstrated significant inhibition at three different concentrations in a concentration-dependent manner, which was observed
in the scratch, transwell migration, and invasion assays. Further investigation of the molecular mechanism using gelatin zymography revealed that (R)-(−)-xanthorrhizol prevented cell migration and invasion of breast cancer cells through the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. Western blot analysis indicated that the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases is possibly the result of the inhibition of phosphorylation in the NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings corroborate (R)-(−)-xanthorrhizol to proceed for the further studies as a possible future drug candidate for cancer patients.
Discovery and Characterization of Panaxatriol as a Novel Thrombin Inhibitor from Panax notoginseng Using a Combination of Computational and Experimental Approaches
Authors: Wang Xing , Ma Yuqing , Zuo Chunfang , Zhao Zixi , Ma Ruonan , Wang Lele , Fang Yuzhen , Zhang Yuxin , Wu Xia
Published: June 2024

Thrombin is a crucial enzyme in the coagulation cascade, and inhibitors of thrombin have been extensively studied as potential antithrombotic agents. The objective of this study was to identify natural inhibitors of thrombin from Panax notoginseng and evaluate their biological activity in vitro and binding characteristics. A combined approach involving molecular docking, thrombin inhibition assays, surface plasmon resonance, and molecular dynamics simulation was utilized to identify natural thrombin inhibitors. The results demonstrated that panaxatriol directly inhibits thrombin, with an IC50 of 10.3 µM. Binding studies using surface plasmon resonance revealed that panaxatriol interacts with thrombin, with a KD value of 7.8 µM. Molecular dynamics analysis indicated that the thrombin-panaxatriol system reached equilibrium rapidly with minimal fluctuations, and the calculated binding free energy was − 23.8 kcal/mol. The interaction between
panaxatriol and thrombin involves the amino acid residues Glu146, Glu192, Gly216, Gly219, Tyr60A, and Trp60D. This interaction provides a mechanistic basis for further optimizing panaxatriol as a thrombin inhibitor. Our study has shown that panaxatriol serves as a direct thrombin inhibitor, laying the groundwork for further research and development of novel thrombin inhibitors.
Repeated Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Possibly Caused by Endoluminal Injury Due to Stent Clot Retriever: A Case Report
Authors: Ohshima Tomotaka , Miyachi Shigeru
Published: June 2024

In acute ischemic stroke, various endovascular approaches have been reported with high recanalization rates and good clinical outcomes. However, the best device or technique for the first attempt at mechanical thrombectomy remains a matter of debate. We report a case in which endoluminal injury from initial stent clot retrieval possibly caused repeated middle cerebral artery occlusion. A 74-year-old man presented with left-sided hemiplegia and was diagnosed with a right internal carotid artery occlusion. He underwent endovascular thrombectomy using a stent clot retriever. Although complete recanalization was achieved in the first pass, repeated middle cerebral artery occlusion occurred. Angiography revealed an irregular inner surface and thrombus formation in the superior branch of the second segment of the right middle cerebral artery. There is a risk of endoluminal injury due to stent retrieval, especially using a large sized stent against small branches. Antiplatelet therapy may be effective for preventing recurrent occlusion.

Key Messages We report a case in which endoluminal injury from initial stent clot retrieval possibly caused repeated middle cerebral artery occlusion. There is a risk of endoluminal injury due to stent retrieval, especially using a large sized stent against nonvisible small branches.
Nightmare Proneness Predicts Nightmare Frequency Incrementally Over Neuroticism and Distress
Authors: Kelly William E. , Zamora Richard C. , Park Soeun
Published: June 2024

Introduction Previous research found that nightmare proneness, a purported disposition to experience frequent nightmares, accounted for nightmare frequency independent of neuroticism and distress. However, these findings may have been the result of reduced reliability and content validity of the measures. The current study aimed to replicate these findings using established, lengthier measures of neuroticism and distress.

Materials and Methods In the present cross-sectional study, 230 university students completed measures of nightmare frequency, nightmare proneness, neuroticism, and distress.

Results Regression models found that nightmare proneness incrementally predicted nightmare frequency above neuroticism and distress. Additional analyses indicated that neuroticism and distress indirectly predicted nightmare frequency through nightmare proneness, whereas nightmare proneness was not associated with nightmares through neuroticism or distress.

Conclusion Nightmare proneness was statistically separable from neuroticism and distress. The results and suggestions for future research to better understand the nightmare proneness variable are discussed.
Negative health classifications: understanding avoidance and social exclusion during a pandemic
Authors: Rothmüller Barbara
Published: June 2024

During a pandemic, there is a fine line between distancing and avoiding other people, with stigmatizing classifications sometimes transforming social distance into social exclusion. Drawing on Bourdieu's under-utilised theory of classification struggles, this paper conceptualises schemes of pandemic Othering in terms of Negative Health Classifications. Complementing the interactionist approach in pandemic stigma research, classification struggles are a social practice that denote a conceptual link between the individual and social structures of inequality. When social structures are unstable, as was the case during the pandemic, an established common sense can become questionable. Based on the analysis of survey data from 2606 respondents collected during one of the peaks of COVID-19 in Austria and Germany, the paper explores two struggles over health classifications, (1) social cleavages created and exacerbated by individuals who strive to tackle medical crises by avoiding the 'disease carriers', and (2) conflict over illegitimate pandemic practices resulting in the loss of social capital and a polarization of social groups. The findings offer evidence of widespread negative health classifications emerging during the COVID-19 pandemic that future research should explore in their implications for inequalities in other health policy contexts.
Multiple stochastic and inverse stochastic resonances with transition phenomena in complex corporate financial systems
Authors: Zhong Guangyan , Li Jiang-Cheng
Published: June 2024

This study examines the role of periodic information, the mechanism of influence, stochastic resonance, and its controllable analysis in complex corporate financial systems. A stochastic predator–prey complex corporate financial system model driven by periodic information is proposed. Additionally, we introduce signal power amplification to quantify the stochastic resonance phenomenon and develop a method for analyzing stochastic resonance in financial predator–prey dynamics within complex corporate financial systems. We optimize a simplified integral calculation method to enhance the proposed model’s performance, which demonstrates superiority over benchmark models based on empirical evidence. Based on stochastic simulations and numerical calculations, we can observe multiple stochastic and multiple inverse stochastic resonances. Furthermore, variations in initial financial information, periodic information frequency, and corporate growth capacity induced stochastic resonance and inverse stochastic resonance. These variations also led to state transitions between the two resonance behaviors, indicating transition phenomena. These findings suggest the potential for regulating and controlling stochastic and inverse stochastic resonance in complex corporate finance, enabling controllable stochastic resonance behaviors.
Principle and experimental study of a combined teardrop and heart-shaped channel bluffbody valveless piezoelectric pump
Authors: Yu Dahai , Hu Renhui , Han Lintong , Yang Jingwei , He Lipeng
Published: June 2024

In this study, we have developed a piezoelectric pump with a combined teardrop- and heart-shaped channel based on the Coanda effect and bionics principle. The bluffbody consists of teardrop- and heart-shaped channels. The vibration and the pump flow rate are evaluated theoretically, and the flow conditions under different bluffbody heights and different main channel widths are simulated. The theoretical and simulation results show that the pump has uneven resistance to flow in forward and reverse directions, and the height of the teardrop bluffbody and the width main channel affect the flow in the channel. Test data show that under the same pressure, when the main channel is 5 mm and the bluffbody height is 8 mm, the pump flow rate is 460.8 ml/min. The pump alleviates the serious backflow problem through the fluid blocking structure and is expected to become an active driver of microfluidic devices.
Revisit of electron temperature effect on stimulated Brillouin scattering in homogenous plasma
Authors: Liu Z. , Weng S. M. , Ma H. H. , Yew S. H. , Li X. F. , Jiang X. Y. , Zhou H. Y. , Sheng Z. M.
Published: June 2024

Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) has complex dependence on the plasma electron temperature via the Landau damping, particle trapping, and consequent nonlinear frequency shift. It is found from our numerical simulation that the SBS reflectivity in its saturation stage tends to increase with the plasma electron temperature within a certain range, although the linear growth rate of SBS normally reduces with the increasing electron temperature. This is because the phase velocity of an ion acoustic wave (IAW) increases with the electron temperature, which tends to reduce the Landau damping of the IAWs and hence reduce ion trapping. In the nonlinear saturation stage, ion trapping will modify the ion distribution function and induce a negative frequency shift in the IAW. This nonlinear frequency shift will break the three-wave coupling, thereby causing saturation of the SBS. With further increase in the electron temperature, however, electron trapping will dominate over ion trapping, which induces a positive frequency shift in the IAW and can lead to the SBS saturation as well. As a result, the SBS reflectivity first increases and then decreases with increase in the electron temperature. At around the peak of the SBS reflectivity, the positive frequency shift of IAW induced by electron trapping roughly offsets the negative frequency shift induced by ion trapping.
Core density profile control by energetic ion anisotropy in LHD
Authors: Nishiura M. , Shimizu A. , Ido T. , Satake S. , Yoshinuma M. , Yanai R. , Nunami M. , Yamaguchi H. , Nuga H. , Seki R. , Fujita K. , Salewski M.
Published: June 2024

Electron and impurity ion density profiles have been controlled by using tangential and perpendicular neutral beams for plasma heating in a stellarator/heliotron for the first time. Reduced anisotropy of stored energy for energetic ion En⊥/Enǁ has resulted in an inward electron and impurity transport, forming a core electron density peaking. Increased anisotropy leads to a flat or hollowed electron density profile with an impurity exhaust in a core region [Yoshinuma et al., Nucl. Fusion 49, 062002 (2009)]. A high confinement state of particles in LHD has yet to be achieved, except for a temporal state of an electron density peaking created by a pellet injection. As a pioneering and crucial research result, the operation of energetic ion anisotropy by neutral beams has newly demonstrated that the direction of the radial transport of bulk and impurity ions can be controlled. At the same time, the overall plasma performance rises in neutron flux and stored energy. On the other hand, the increase in the anisotropy flattens the density profile. This new finding holds promise for a control knob of nuclear fusion reactors to enhance fusion power output.
Embracing disorder in quantum materials design
Authors: Mazza A. R. , Yan J.-Q. , Middey S. , Gardner J. S. , Chen A.-H. , Brahlek M. , Ward T. Z.
Published: June 2024

Many of the most exciting materials discoveries in fundamental condensed matter physics are made in systems hosting some degree of intrinsic disorder. While disorder has historically been regarded as something to be avoided in materials design, it is often of central importance to correlated and quantum materials. This is largely driven by the conceptual and theoretical ease to handle, predict, and understand highly uniform systems that exhibit complex interactions, symmetries, and band structures. In this Perspective, we highlight how flipping this paradigm has enabled exciting possibilities in the emerging field of high entropy materials, focusing primarily on high entropy oxide and chalcogenide quantum materials. These materials host high levels of cation or anion compositional disorder while maintaining unexpectedly uniform single crystal lattices. The diversity of atomic scale interactions of spin, charge, orbital, and lattice degrees of freedom are found to emerge into coherent properties on much larger length scales. Thus, altering the variance and magnitudes of the atomic scale properties through elemental selection can open new routes to tune global correlated phases, such as magnetism, metal–insulator transitions, ferroelectricity, and even emergent topological responses. The strategy of embracing disorder in this way provides a much broader pallet from which functional states can be designed for next-generation microelectronic and quantum information systems.
Space-resolved electron density and temperature evaluation by x-ray pinhole camera method in an ECR plasma
Authors: Finocchiaro G. , Naselli E. , Mishra B. , Biri S. , Mazzaglia M. , Pidatella A. , Rácz R. , Torrisi G. , Mascali D.
Published: June 2024

X-ray emission characterization provides valuable insights about electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasmas. In principle, space-resolved spectroscopic techniques can be used to reveal spatial distributions of electron density and temperature. In the PANDORA (Plasma for Astrophysics, Nuclear Decay Observation, and Radiation for Archaeometry) project framework, and within the collaboration between the Atomki and INFN-LNS laboratories, we developed a high-resolution full-field x-ray pinhole setup. This setup incorporates advanced analysis techniques for single photon counted imaging in high dynamical range mode, enabling x-ray imaging and space-resolved spectroscopy at high spatial and energy resolution (560 μm and 242 eV @ 8.1 keV, respectively). Here, we introduce an innovative technique for quantitatively evaluating the local electron density and temperature of plasma, as the first application of such a method in an ECR setup. Specifically, we examine an argon plasma heated by 200 W microwave power at 14 GHz. Our analysis includes a retrospective comparison with past x-ray data collected from other ECR ion source setups. Our findings clearly reveal the formation of a plasmoid–halo structure within the plasma chamber, characterized by a dense and hot plasma almost totally enclosed inside the ECR magnetic iso-surface (the plasmoid). This plasmoid exhibits nearly uniform distribution of electron density and temperature, with only gentle gradients of both the parameters toward its edges. Inside the halo, x-ray emission is minimal or even negligible. Notably, cusp structures correspond to magnetic branches where deconfined electrons impinge upon the plasma chamber walls and endplates. The average values of temperature and density measured inside the plasmoid are 12.44±1.84 keV and (1.66±0.15)×1017 m−3, respectively.
In situ thermal conductivity measurement revealing kinetics of thermochemical reactions
Authors: Chung Ka Man , Nguyen Nhu P. , Adapa Sarath R. , Loutzenhiser Peter G. , Chen Renkun
Published: June 2024

Utilizing thermochemical reactions for thermal energy storage and solar fuel production has been an emerging research topic. Thermal transport properties of the materials are an important parameter that can determine the kinetics and efficiency of thermochemical reactions. With the increasing number of new thermochemical materials (TCMs); however, there is a lack of reliable techniques to monitor the thermal transport property of the materials and their changes as a function of reactions in real time. In this work, we report the in situ monitoring of thermochemical reactions using modulated photothermal radiometry (MPR). The thermal conductivities of two TCMs, namely, calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and Ba0.15Sr0.85FeO3−δ (BSF1585), were measured as a function of temperature and time using the MPR technique. The measured thermal conductivities were correlated to the reaction. The work has two significant contributions to the research communities. First, it provides a non-invasive diagnostic tool for monitoring the thermal transport properties of TCMs that can potentially be a high-throughput measurement technique conducive to optimizing TCMs, reactors, and related thermal systems. Second, for TCMs that show observable changes in thermal transport properties, a correlation between the measured thermal conductivity and the conversion fraction of the reaction can be established for monitoring the reaction kinetics based on thermal characterization.
Bipolar and complementary resistive switching induced by barrier regulation based on compliance current
Authors: Qiu Xuan , Gao Haixia , Zhu Shilong , Bai Yifan , Zhao Yang , Wang Rui , Ma Xiaohua , Yang Yintang
Published: June 2024

This Letter investigates the effect of barrier regulation by changing compliance current (CC) on resistance switching (RS) modes. The device exhibits bipolar resistive switching (BRS) with low CCs (1, 3, 7, and 12 mA) and complementary resistive switching (CRS) without CC. By analyzing the current conduction mechanism, the variation law of Schottky barrier height under different CCs is studied, and the different RS modes are explained by the degree of nitrogen enrichment in the non-inert electrode. This paper further explores the correlation between BRS and CRS. Endurance tests in different modes show that the device is expected to achieve a multi-mode RS design.
Projective quantum eigensolver via adiabatically decoupled subsystem evolution: A resource efficient approach to molecular energetics in noisy quantum computers
Authors: Patra Chayan , Halder Sonaldeep , Maitra Rahul
Published: June 2024

Quantum computers hold immense potential in the field of chemistry, ushering new frontiers to solve complex many-body problems that are beyond the reach of classical computers. However, noise in the current quantum hardware limits their applicability to large chemical systems. This work encompasses the development of a projective formalism that aims to compute ground-state energies of molecular systems accurately using noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) hardware in a resource-efficient manner. Our approach is reliant upon the formulation of a bipartitely decoupled parameterized ansatz within the disentangled unitary coupled cluster framework based on the principles of nonlinear dynamics and synergetics. Such decoupling emulates total parameter optimization in a lower dimensional manifold, while a mutual synergistic relationship among the parameters is exploited to ensure characteristic accuracy via a non-iterative energy correction. Without any pre-circuit measurements, our method leads to a highly compact fixed-depth ansatz with shallower circuits and fewer expectation value evaluations. Through analytical and numerical demonstrations, we establish the method’s superior performance under noise while concurrently ensuring requisite accuracy in future fault-tolerant systems. This approach enables rapid exploration of emerging chemical spaces by the efficient utilization of near-term quantum hardware resources.
Multiphase behavior and fluid flow of oil–CO2–water in shale oil reservoirs: Implication for CO2-water-alternating-gas huff-n-puff
Authors: Han Xiao , Song Zhaojie , Deng Sen , Li Binhui , Li Peiyu , Lan Yubo , Song Yilei , Zhang Lichao , Zhang Kaixing , Zhang Yunfei
Published: June 2024

Based on the CO2-WAG (water-alternating-gas) flooding for conventional reservoirs, CO2-WAG huff-n-puff in shale reservoirs is proposed. To clarify the phase behavior and fluid flow of oil–CO2–water in the CO2-WAG huff-n-puff process, a series of experimental studies are conducted under different injection sequences of CO2 and water. The results show that the saturation pressure of the oil–CO2–water systems is lower than that of the oil–CO2 systems since a portion of the CO2 is dissolved in water. In addition, CO2 injection followed by water can significantly reduce the dissolution of CO2 in the water. CO2 and water preferentially flow into the macropores and bedding fractures of the oil-saturated cores at the injection stage, and the oil in mesopores and micropores reflows into macropores and bedding fractures at the soaking stage. At the depressurization production stage, the oil in mesopores and micropores is gradually extracted. Compared to water injection followed by CO2, injecting CO2 first can avoid the barrier effect caused by the subsequent injection of water and promotes oil flow into mesopores and micropores in the matrix. At the end of production, the oil recovered from water injection followed by CO2 mainly originates from macropores, while that from CO2 injection followed by water primarily comes from mesopores.
An enhanced compressible two-phase flow model with detailed chemistry under the adaptive mesh refinement frame
Authors: Xu Sheng , Jin Xin , Wen Haocheng , Wang Bing
Published: June 2024

In the present study, an enhanced compressible two-phase flow model is advanced, considering the effect of chemical reactions within a detailed mechanism. In this model, two immiscible fluids (liquid and gaseous mixture) are accurately separated with the resolved interface. Unlike the classical five-equation two-phase flow model, the thermal properties of gases are no longer assumed to be constant but rather vary as functions of temperature. A modified mechanical relaxation procedure is proposed and employed at the gas-liquid interface to prevent the occurrence of nonphysical pressure oscillation. In the gaseous mixture, numerous gas components are included and resolved by their mass fraction among the gaseous mixture. In this model, the heat release effect is simulated by a detailed chemistry. Furthermore, the numerical results of several benchmark problems in one dimension and two dimensions demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed compressible multiphase flow model, such as the air shock tube, the gaseous detonation tube, the shock-droplet interaction, and especially the detonation-droplet interaction that has received little focused interest and investigations. Moreover, a self-developed adaptive mesh refinement strategy is performed for a high efficiency of numerical solving.
A wind-direction adaptive piezoelectric energy harvester employing small wing passive control configuration
Authors: Sun Wan , Li Jinlong , Wang Zikang , Zhong Ying , Zhang Zhongqiang , Cheng Guanggui
Published: June 2024

In this study, we propose a wind-direction adaptive piezoelectric energy harvester employing a small wing passive control configuration (WDEH-SW) for bidirectional wind energy harvesting. Our design significantly enhances bidirectional wind energy harvesting capabilities, addressing the limitations of traditional wind energy harvesters by modifying the aerodynamic characteristics of the bluff body via small wing rotations. Additionally, we introduce a criterion for determining the impact of wind direction changes on energy harvesting efficiency. Experimental comparisons with conventional galloping-based and vortex-induced vibration-based piezoelectric wind energy harvesters demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed structure. The experiment results indicate that the proposed structure effectively adapts to changes in wind direction, thereby preventing significant decrease or failure in energy harvesting efficiency. Compared to the conventional unidirectional galloping-based wind energy harvester, the proposed structure exhibits a 34.6% increase in 1.63 μW in power output, with an overall average output power reaching 6.35 μW. Notably, the proposed WDEH-SW shows an excellent wind direction adaptability and high output performance in both medium and low wind velocity ranges, providing valuable insights for designing compact bidirectional energy harvesters. This study showcases promising applications in self-powered micro-devices, particularly in straightforward bidirectional wind environments such as car or train tunnel entrances and exits.
Effects of chain–chain interaction on the configuration of short-chain alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers on a metal surface
Authors: Liao Chia-Li , Faizanuddin Syed Mohammed , Haruyama Jun , Liao Wei-Ssu , Wen Yu-Chieh
Published: June 2024

Surface-specific sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy is applied to study the molecular configuration of short-chain n-alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs with n = 2–6) on the Au surface. For monolayers with n≥ 3, the alkanethiols are upright-oriented, with the CH3 tilt angle varying between ∼33° and ∼46° in clear even–odd dependency. The ethanethiol monolayer (n = 2) is, however, found to exhibit a distinct lying-down configuration with a larger methyl tilt angle (67°–79°) and a smaller CH2 tilt angle (56°–68°). Such a unique configurational transition from n = 2 to n≥ 3 discloses the steric effect owing to chain–chain interaction among neighboring molecules. Through density functional theory calculations, the transition is further confirmed to be energetically favorable for thiols on a defective reconstructed Au(111) surface but not on the pristine one. Our study highlights the roles of the chain–chain interaction and the substrate surface atomic structure when organizing SAMs, offering a strategic pathway for exploiting their applications.
Companion cell mediates wound-stimulated leaf-to-leaf electrical signaling
Authors: Wu Qian , Li Yangyang , Chen Mengjiao , Kong Xiaohang
Published: June 2024

Leaf wounding triggers rapid long-range electrical signaling that initiates systemic defense responses to protect the plants from further attack. In Arabidopsis, this process largely depends on clade three
GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR-LIKE
(
GLR
) genes
GLR3.3
and
GLR3.6.
In the cellular context, phloem sieve elements and xylem contact cells where GLRs were mostly present are implicated in the signaling events. In spite of that, the spatial requirements of different leaf cell types for leaf-to-leaf signaling remain poorly investigated. In this study, we dissected cell-type-specific long-distance wound signaling mediated by GLR3s and showed that phloem companion cells are critical in shaping the functions of GLR3.3 and GLR3.6 in the signaling pathway. GLR3.3-mediated response is phloem-specific, during which, GLR3.3 has to be renewed from companion cells to allow its function in sieve elements. GLR3.6 functions dually in ectopic phloem companion cells, in addition to xylem contact cells. Furthermore, the action of GLR3.6 in phloem is independent of its paralog GLR3.3 and probably requires synthesis of GLR3.6 from xylem contact cells. Overall, our work highlights that the phloem companion cell is crucial for both GLRs in controlling leaf-to-leaf electrical signaling.