bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Use of Assistive Technologies for Blind Students in Virtual Museums as a Possibility in Teaching
Authors: Bittencourt Sheisa Amaral da Cunha , Heidrich Regina de Oliveira , Amaral Franciele , Bassani Patrícia Scherer
Published: June 2022

Assistive technologies are characterized by resources, methods, and strategies that favor the autonomy and inclusion of people with disabilities. There has been much interest in thinking about assistive technologies in the school environment to enable students with disabilities to attend the classroom environment. However, there is also the need to think about assistive technologies that make students with disabilities have an equivalent teaching experience when in digital environments. This chapter aims to identify possibilities for implementing assistive technologies for blind students in digital exhibitions. The Presence in Absence exhibition featured a team of 23 people from different areas of knowledge and four blind consultants. They created a virtual art exhibition that aims to use assistive technologies to enable an inclusive cultural activity. As a hypothesis, it is believed that the expansion of studies in this area is a way of sharing alternatives so that people with disabilities can participate in cultural school activities that involve visits to online museums.
Comparative analysis between homotopy group and homology group
Authors: Obeng-Denteh William , Adjei  David
Published: June 2022

This paper seeks to demonstrate the relation between homology group and homotopy group. The result in this paper is a construction of the homology of a complex torus.
Synthesis, spectroscopic, and density functional theory studies of the corrosion inhibitive behaviour of n-(1,4-dihydro-1,4-dioxonaphthalene-3-yl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide chelator-ligand
Authors: Chioma, Festus , Nnenna W., Odozi, , M. Moses, Mchihi , M. Abimbola Olatunde,
Published: June 2022

The inhibitory effect of N-(1,4-dihydro-1,4-dioxonaphthalene-3-yl) pyrazine-2-carboxamide (HL chelator) on the corrosion of mild steel (Ms) in 1M HCl remained appraised via weight loss (WL) estimations, atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and computational studies. The adsorption of the appraised ligand remained found to conform to Langmuir adsorption isotherm (LAI). The data acquired for ΔGads denotes chemisorption adsorption mechanism for the inhibitor while acquired AAS analysis results revealed that the concentration of iron in the inhibited corrosive medium is less than the concentration of iron in the uninhibited solution after immersion with Ms at the same contact time and was also observed to reduce with upsurge in concentration of the inhibitor. SEM micrographs acquired revealed that the existence of the studied compound lessened the degree of corrosion in addition to decreased surface roughness signifying establishment of protective inhibitor film at the Ms surface. The energy of highest occupied molecular orbital (EHOMO) as well as energy of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (ELUMO) remained estimated via density functional theory (DFT) method from which other parameters were determined. The results acquired from computational studies were in conformity with those from experimental studies and both validate the use of HL chelator as an excellent and efficient inhibitor for the corrosion of Ms in 1 M HCl.
Psychosocial determinant of teenage pregnancy among selected secondary school students in akamkpa local government area, cross river state, nigeria
Authors: Mathias, Agba, , Affiong Mathias, Agba, , Blessing, Ndubisi,
Published: June 2022

Purpose This study explored the psychosocial determinants of teenage pregnancy among selected secondary school students in Akamkpa Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria. The Specific objectives were to determine the influence of parental-child relationship on teenage pregnancy, examine influence of attitude to sex on teenage pregnancy, determine influence of self-esteem on teenage pregnancy and ascertain the influence of peer influence on teenage pregnancy among selected secondary school students in Akamkpa Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria. Four research questions and a hypothesis were formulated to guide the study.

Method: The research design employed in the study is cross-sectional descriptive design. A total of 241 female senior secondary schools one and two (SSS I & SSS II) students of five (5) public secondary schools in Akamkpa LGA, Cross River State were selected as sample of the study using simple and proportionate sampling techniques. The instrument of data collection was a structured questionnaire. Data collected were presented and analyzed using frequencies, percentages and descriptive statistics (Means []). The hypothesis was tested using Population t-test (t) analysis.

Result The findings of the study revealed that parent-child relationship has a negative influence on teenage pregnancy among female students. Attitude to sex has positive influence on teenage pregnancy among female students. Self-esteem has positive influence on teenage pregnancy among female students. Peer pressure has negative influence on teenage pregnancy among female students. There is a significant negative influence of peer influence on teenage pregnancy among female students in selected secondary schools in Akamkpa LGA, Cross River State. Based on the results it was recommended that Parents should endeavour to strengthen relationships with their children as this will help them to discuss relevant issues relating to sexuality and reproductive health that will help prevent unwanted teenage pregnancy.

Conclusion:

Teenage pregnancy is a major public health and social problem worldwide. Poor parent-child relation and peer pressure have negative influence on teenage pregnancy among female students while, self-esteem and attitude to sex have positive influence on teenage pregnancy
The highs and lows of incorporating pozzolans into concrete and mortar: A review on strength and durability
Authors: Arum R. C. , Arum C. , Alabi S. A.
Published: June 2022

It has been established that the construction industry, especially with regards to the production and use of cement generates lots of toxic gases, as well as consumes large quantities of natural resources. Cement itself is an expensive constituent of concrete. In order to reduce environmental pollution, improve cost-savings in production, achieve carbon neutrality and sustainability, the focus should be directed at using alternative waste materials such as ceramic waste, waste glass, palm oil waste, and rice husk, among others. This paper presents a widescale review of the incorporation of pozzolans into concrete and mortar, highlighting the effects on its strength and durability. The review revealed that while the existing literature agrees that the incorporation of pozzolans into mortar and concrete generally improves their durability, there is an apparent contradiction in various research findings on the effect of pozzolans on their strength. The review has shown however that whether the inclusion of pozzolan will increase or decrease strength depends on a number of factors such as Portland cement replacement level, fineness of the pozzolan (particle size of the ash), the reactivity of the pozzolan, concrete/mortar age, type of pozzolan, water-cement ratio, burning temperature, the microstructure of the pozzolan (weakly or strongly amorphous).
Power supply enhancement in Onitsha distribution network using distribution generations
Authors: Obi P. I. , Okonkwo I. I. , Ogba C. O.
Published: June 2022

The research explored ways in which power supplied in Onitsha distribution line network would be enhanced using distributed generation. The problem of insufficient power supply in densely populated metropolis which is characterised by frequent load shedding was solved using optimal placement and sizing of multiple distributed generation. A gas plant was optimally placed at 33 kV injection substations at Awada and General Cotton Mill (GCM). The generators were optimally placed using voltage sensitivity index factor, while their optimum capacities were sized using step method. Simulations were done by power system analysis toolbox (PSAT) 2.1.11 simulation tool in MATLAB 2018a environment and the result of the findings revealed that 32 buses out of 34 buses were violated. The result of the simulation also showed that the optimal operating power output of the generators at Awada and GCM of 12.5 MW and 2.5 MW respectively could only clear 29 out of the 32 bus voltage violations. Overloading of Fegge injection substation transformer was identified as the cause and its upgrade from 7.5 MVA to 15.0 MVA cleared all the voltage violations. The system active loss and reactive loss were 1.82 MW and 35.03 MVar and the research was able to reduce them by 23.30% and 23.80% respectively. The statutory bus voltage limits of ±5% and the requirement that distributed generators installed must be less than the maximum demanded had been achieved in the research. The power supply in Onitsha distribution network was enhanced using distribution generations and the usage of optimal placement and sizing of multiple distributed generation is therefore recommended for problematic distribution networks not only for loss reduction also for better performance.
Analysis of Akangba Transmission substation protection system
Authors: Oluseyi P. O. , Tinuoye O. O. , Akinbulire T. O. , Awosope C. O.A. , Babatunde O. M.
Published: June 2022

The challenges of the Nigeria power system have deprived the yearning electricity consumer access to stable power supply. Apart from the incessant load shedding due to inadequate power generation capacities, poor power system protection design, lack of constant protection system review after several changes to the power network is one of the contributing factors for unstable power system and unplanned outages. The network engineers must devise method of reviewing the protection settings as changes are made to power system components. This motivates the adoption of power system symmetrical fault analysis model presented herein. The model was applied to Akangba Transmission substation using the network planning software (NEPLAN software). The results show the fault current flowing through every part of the network. The effect of network expansion, switching Scenarios /Component changes on the fault current and protection scheme was also verified. Protection engineers must therefore take note of changes in the power network configuration when planning protection coordination and relay setting. The method is interesting and can be used as a template for reviewing protection scheme when changes are made on the power network. This will ensure better power protection management, enhance stable power supply and reduce damage to expensive power components.
A study of self-purification capacity of Anyim stream
Authors: Obianyo J.I. , Ohazurike E.E. , Onyeike O.O. , Ije I. , Eboh S. , Nwobia L.I.
Published: June 2022

This paper studied the self-purification capacity of Anyim stream to identify the location where pollution load is comparably less for water abstraction and economical treatment and distribution to consumers. Standard methods were used to determine the water quality parameters along the stream reach. Results show that temperature remained constant at 26.60℃, turbidity reduced from 145.4 NTU to 85.0 NTU, average color along the stream were 198.33 PCU, 192.33 PCU, 121.33 PCU and 135.67 PCU, average dissolved oxygen trend were 6.0 mg/l, 8.0 mg/l, 4.0 mg/l and 7.0 mg/l. BOD trend presented 15.0 mg/l, 10.0 mg/l, 30.0 mg/l and 20.0 mg/l. Maximum oxygen deficit of 9.17 mg/l occurred in 4.42 days while maximum oxygen recovery of 31.46 mg/l happened in 21.68 days. Complete self-purification will take place at a distance of 114.57 km downstream of the influent station of Anyim stream. The trend show that water in Anyim stream experienced self-purification from Okosi through Ahaba to Okporo-akanu and increased to Amaokwe because of effluent from confluence station of Anyim and Etu streams. It is recommended that water should be sourced downstream of Okporo-akanu and 114.57 km downstream of Anyim stream for treatment and distribution to consumers since these sources would require less elaborate treatment methods and hence would be cheaper and more economical to manage.
Determination of the stability of a potable water production line using lean six sigma method: A case study of XYZ water factory
Authors: Munemune E. A. , Erameh A. A.
Published: June 2022

The research, being a case study, aims to determine the stability of the potable water production line of XYZ water factory, for possible improvement, using tools from the lean six sigma (LSS) methodology. This research was carried out on the mean weekly laboratory results of physicochemical water parameters (pH, conductivity, turbidity, alkalinity, chloride, total dissolved solids (TDS), magnesium, nitrates, sulphate, hardness, calcium, lead, copper, iron, and zinc) for regulatory purpose. The data obtained were analysed using control charts from the minitab 2021 ® statistical software package. The values of the parameters (except iron) in the control charts were beyond the conventional limits at various points in time throughout the period. The research results showed that the water production process is not stable, indicative of assignable causes of variability in the production line for all the parameters. Therefore, there is need to carry out investigations to know the causes and take action to correct them. This could be achieved by deploying the appropriate tools in the lean six sigma (DMAIC) methodology.
Development of a fatigue strength testing machine
Authors: Aliemeke B. N. G. , Okwudibe H. A. , Ehibor O. G.
Published: June 2022

A profound engineering design and modeling of fatigue strength machine for testing the failure which occurs when a metallic material is subjected to cyclic stresses is presented. The main goal is developing a locally made fatigue strength machine that can be used in material science laboratory. A major direction in this development of the machine is the ability to thread on the path of technology transfer and dominance by concentrating on the building of indigenous capacity. In carrying out the machine development, engineering design formulae were applied and Computer Aided Design modeling was developed. The developed fatigue strength testing machine had a designed machine capacity of 18875Nmm that sustained a motor power of 5.93kw.The machine shaft diameter determined to be 9.88mm developed an equivalent torque and bending moment of 45799.8Nmm and 40890Nmm respectively. The machine designed critical speed of 23.52rad/s had belt tensions on the tight and slack sides to be 139.02N and 44.65N respectively. The fabricated machine has the ability to record low and high fatigue cycles.
The mythological Norse ravens Huginn and Muninn: Interrogators of the newly slain
Authors: Sayers William
Published: June 2022

In preference to the common assumption that Óðinn’s ravens daily gather general in­formation from around the world and report back to their master, this study identifies their principal informants as the newly dead (recently slain warriors and hanged men), and the information gathered not simply wisdom but tactical intelligence needed for the eventual cataclysmic battle of Ragnarǫk, in which Óðinn’s troop of fallen warriors, the Einherjar of Valhǫll (named in Gylfaginning in the same context as the ravens), will also participate. The study addresses the central questions of chthonic wisdom, of how the dead (are presumed to) know what is hidden from the living, and why Snorri, in contrast to the skalds, paints an innocuous picture of the ravens.
The Righteous Will Live by the Truth: A Kierkegaardian Proposal for a Trinitarian Epistemology
Authors: Maga Eli , Falconer Robert
Published: June 2022

This article contends that truth is trinitarian and that theology ought to treat epistemology existentially. To demonstrate this, a brief historical study is conducted on the development of the concept of truth and how different approaches revolve around the definitions of truth as ἀλήθεια, veritas, and תֶ מֱא .Even though these words translate the same in English, historically each one discloses different angles of truth. By emphasizing one of the definitions in detriment of others, it is argued that truth has been fragmented in distinct concepts apparently opposed. While ἀλήθεια emphasizes the Greek concept of truth, veritas highlights the Latin, and תֶ מֱא the Hebrew. The concepts are representatively demonstrated in the thoughts of Plato, Tertullian, Augustine, Descartes, Kant, and Kierkegaard. Accordingly, this article argues for the need to develop an epistemology that is not trichotomic with the concepts of truth dissociated in different spheres of knowledge, but rather, as an inseparable single trinitarian truth. It is argued that there is a need to recover the meaning of truth from the Hebrew תֶ מֱא ,as an important concept that exposes truth as trinitarian, merging the concepts of ἀλήθεια and veritas under human existential reality. The study proposes that the epistemology of the Christian philosopher, Søren Kierkegaard, is helpful for this understanding, especially concerning his concept of appropriation of truth. To exemplify the argument, Abraham’s test of sacrificing Isaac is analyzed. The trinitarian orientation of truth as proposed in this article provides a theological posture, framing truth as incarnational where “the righteous will live by the truth” (Romans 1:17, Galatians 3:11, Hebrews 10:38). Finally, this article also presents some implications for contemporary theology and the church, proposing that trinitarian epistemology is a theological antidote to current relativism. It also encourages the church to approach truth with a more comprehensive attitude, recognizing that every truth is God’s truth. Moreover, it invites the church to inoculate the anti-intellectualist mood present in some evangelical circles, approaching truth doxologically.
Notas sobre a identidade das espécies conhecidas como ‘quebra-pedra’ (Phyllanthus spp., Phyllanthaceae) ocorrentes na Amazônia brasileira
Authors: Mendes Jone Clebson Ribeiro , Secco Ricardo De S.
Published: June 2022

As espécies conhecidas na Amazônia brasileira como ‘quebra-pedra’ foram listadas a partir de análise de literatura específica, coleta de informações de espécimes depositados nos herbários da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental (IAN), do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MG) e do Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (RB), assim como observação de populações em seus hábitats. De acordo com o levantamento realizado, foi constatado que, na Amazônia brasileira, sete espécies distintas são referenciadas como ‘quebra-pedra’: Phyllanthus amarus, P. caroliniensis, P. minutulus, P. niruri, P. orbiculatus, P. stipulatus e P. urinaria. Dentre essas espécies, P. niruri é a menos coletada neste bioma, uma vez que as exsicatas analisadas estavam erroneamente identificadas. Aqui, são fornecidos caracteres morfológicos diagnósticos das espécies, tabelas comparativas, chave de identificação, além de informações sobre distribuição geográfica e hábitats preferenciais dos táxons.
Predation on the common marmoset Callithrix jacchus (Primates, Callitrichidae) by the common boa Boa constrictor (Squamata, Boidae) in the Atlantic Forest of Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Barbosa Vanessa Do Nascimento , Amaral Jéssica Monique da Silva , Santos Sebastião Silva dos , França Frederico Gustavo Rodrigues
Published: June 2022

Herein, we present the first record of predation on the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) by a common boa (Boa constrictor). The incident occurred during the afternoon in a restinga environment of the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil. The snake captured the marmoset on the ground when a group of seven individuals of Callithrix jacchus was traveling among the restinga trees. The group remained on the top of a tree, from 1.5 to 4 m, exhibiting an alarm vocalization and surrounding the snake throughout the ingestion process. The snake was captured, measured, and released on the same site. This case report reinforces that the callitrichids are vulnerable to predation by large snakes and present some defensive behavior.
Implikasi Pendidikan Holistik dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen di SMP Kristen Rehobot Oebelo
Authors: Tefbana Dance Manekat , Tari Ezra , Lao Hendrik A.E
Published: June 2022

Teachers in learning Christian Religious Education have not implemented holistic education. The implementation of the 2013 curriculum used only focuses on the cognitive aspects. This paper aims to determine the application and impact of holistic education implementation in PAK learning. The method used is a qualitative, phenomenological approach. The CE teacher at the Rehoboth Oebelo Christian Middle School has implemented holistic education. This can be seen from the teacher's efforts to develop students' potential well and appropriately and using strategies/methods appropriately and adequately. So that students can be active in class and use the learning environment based on the subject matter and evaluation results.
Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) of Enablers Affecting Green Accounting in Indian Manufacturing Sector: A Conceptual Model
Authors: Singh Anjali , Singh Archana , Pillai Biju G.
Published: June 2022

Green accounting is vital for every economy in the world. Indian manufacturing sectors are regarded as one of the most significant contributors to environmental and socioeconomic problems, and as a result, the country lacks global sustainability and progress. This paper focuses on how these industries can contribute to the sustainability of the environment. The paper aims to analyze how these industries can promote ecopreneurial behavior. Also, the researchers and expert opinions lead to a theoretical framework and conceptual model using a well-defined and explained literature review and the derived model to understand, observe, and analyze various environment awareness concerns. To gather the expert opinions, various calls and surveys were scheduled with chartered accountants, academicians, environmental experts, commerce people, to understand how the identified variables are influenced by each other. Environmental management accounting and green accounting came out as the most significant and vital factors. All the identified variables were complementing. Three levels came out for the model. The authors created an ISM on factors affecting green accounting in the Indian manufacturing sector, emphasizing the context and concept related to the discovered variables that have been tested in the real world.
Study on the Effects of Organophosphate Insecticide Triazophos, Biopesticide Spinosad and a Pyrethroid Insecticide Cypermethrin on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers of Branchiura sowerbyi (Beddard, 1892)
Authors: Sarkar Chandan , Chatterjee Arnab , Barik Anandamay , Saha Nimai Chandra
Published: June 2022

This study aims to evaluate the toxic effects of organophosphate insecticide triazophos, biopesticide spinosad, and a pyrethroid insecticide cypermethrin on benthic Oligochaete worm, Branchiura sowerbyi during 96 h acute exposure. B. sowerbyi were exposed to two different sub-lethal concentrations (10% and 50% of 96h LC50) of triazophos, spinosad, and cypermethrin for 96 h in laboratory conditions. Catalase (CAT) activity of the control and treated worms were evaluated after 24 and 96 h of exposure. Integrated biomarker response (IBR) was applied for comparison between these three toxicants. For all sub-lethal doses i.e. 2.25 mg.L-1 and 0.5 mg.L-1 of test chemical triazophos, 3.07 mg.L-1 and 0.6 mg.L-1 of test chemical spinosad, and 0.38 mg.L-1 and 0.08 mg.L-1 of test chemical cypermethrin, catalase (CAT) activity raised significantly (p<0.05) in the treated worms in compare to the control worms. This study shows that toxicants including Triazophos, spinosad, and cypermethrin cause a large increase in catalase (CAT) activity in Branchiura sowerbyi, which is likely due to the toxicant’s increased ROS creation neutralizing the negative effects. IBR analysis aids in the differentiation of these three compounds’ harmful effects. As per IBR analysis, the rank of the toxicants is Cypermethrin > Triazophos > Spinosad.
Development, validation and evaluation of learning activities to support the reporting of adverse drug reactions during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Curtolo Elisa , Szijj Janis Vella , Camilleri Liberato , Serracino-Inglott Anthony , Azzopardi Lilian M.
Published: June 2022

Background: The fast tracking of the production of COVID-19 vaccines gave rise to aspects of general concern regarding their safety. The vigilance aspect of adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting is a means to build up the science behind the safety aspects. The aim was to develop, validate and apply learning activities for healthcare professionals (HCPs) to educate and support them on ADR reporting.   
Methods: Two educational webinars were developed, validated, applied and evaluated by pharmacists, medical doctors, dentists and nurses.    
Results: Evaluation forms about the webinars were completed by 103 out of 132 HCPs (first webinar), and 73 out of 90 HCPs (second webinar).    
Conclusion: HCPs agreed that the educational webinars made them more aware of the importance of ADR reporting and the webinars helped them overcome barriers to ADR reporting.
Team-Teaching Philosophy in Upper Secondary School
Authors: Salwén Håkan , Lokind Henrik
Published: June 2022

This paper discusses a team-taught course we designed, executed and evaluated at Tibble Gymnasium, an upper secondary school in Stockholm, Sweden. With the use of a two-teacher system we wanted to overcome typical difficulties philosophical novices face. After discussing the justifications for designing and teaching the course, we continue to detail its structure and content. Next we evaluate the project with reference to data collected from the students and from reference groups. The resulting effects on students as well as teachers are considerable. The students in the project are, according to the data, more satisfied with their learning and earned higher grades than students in the reference group and the teachers have improved their philosophical and pedagogical skills.
Error of Pre-Existence"
Authors: Kertscher Jens
Published: June 2022

Plato's dialogue Meno is a text that is often used in teaching philosophy. The slave example as well as the so-called "theory of reminiscence" (anamnesis doctrine) enjoy great popularity. However, the interpretation of this supposed doctrine is demanding and controversial. One problem is that the doctrine as presented in the Meno is peculiarly interwoven with religious ideas. If one takes Plato's text literally here, one must ascribe to him a bizarre thesis. This would be particularly unfortunate for philosophy lessons. In this article I introduce the context of the anamnesis doctrine in the Meno. By positioning the doctrine in its context the limits of mythical-religious interpretations become clear. I then present a standard interpretation and place it in the reception context of modern rationalist epistemology. Lastly, I outline a proposal for an interpretation that should also address the practical relevance of these considerations in the context of the Socratic way of life.
Assessment in Teaching Political Philosophy
Authors: Baňas Ján
Published: June 2022

The article offers a tool that can be used for assessment of ideas in political philosophy with students in education processes. The proposed method of assessment is based on the criteria of desirability and feasibility. Employing this method can help the students focus more carefully and point their thinking to two important aspects of normative theories in political philosophy. The article provides an analysis of the two criteria and shows how desirability-feasibility assessment should proceed. By doing that, it proposes a system of combining desirability and feasibility in critical assessment of ideas in political philosophy.
From Pre-Concepts to Reasons
Authors: Thein Christian
Published: June 2022

In this article, I present findings from a workshop with high school students focusing on a problemoriented learning scenario about the leading questions in the just-war-debate. The underlying scientific and methodological framework refers to contemporary questions in the field of didactics of philosophy, mainly considering the relevance of pre-concepts in philosophical learning processes. In referring to the empirical example of the workshop, this paper will show how a learning progress in philosophical reasoning is possible. The learning steps of the students are explained among others by reference to performative linguistic theories. The article concludes with a normative discussion of the learning results considering two issues. First, it considers the relationship between reasoning and understanding in philosophical education in general. Second, it shows that especially in teaching philosophy it is necessary to be aware of and distinguish the different ethical and educational dimensions of teaching practices. I will argue that understanding in a wider sense only takes place under the condition that students are able to refer to the genetic development and context-dependence of a set of arguments. This step of learning, then again, helps to keep in mind the different dimensions and aims of teaching practice.
Using the Findings of Cognitive Psychology in Academic Philosophical Learning Contexts
Authors: Maisenhölder Patrick
Published: June 2022

In this text, the findings of cognitive psychology will be used to tackle certain misconceptions in academic philosophical learning contexts. It will be shown that some techniques that university teachers often recommend and on which students often rely on for working on texts and acquiring the contents of them and other contents – like for example highlighting, notetaking, and summarization – are not that effective for long-term retention. At least not if some aspects are not considered. The aim is to show what empirical research has found out about effective learning and how this can help to create tasks that foster long-term retention of philosophical contents which also helps with training higher-order skills such as applying, reflecting, evaluating, and modifying these contents.
Writing Philosophical Essays
Authors: Prudovsky Gad
Published: June 2022

The aim of this essay is to illustrate, by means of a detailed teaching plan of Descartes’ Meditations, how a genuine invitation of young students (11th grade) to be part of an ongoing philosophical conversation is possible. The educational goal is to practice involvement in the philosophical concerns of the thinkers we read, actually to experience the unrest that fuels their written work. The didactic proposed is geared towards fulfilling this goal. It rests on several principles, chief among which are a) paying close attention to the text in its full literary richness, b) learning through writing in response to carefully devised prompts, c) teaching that represents the personal journey of the teacher; and d) engaging students in collaborative learning. Many of the practices described are inspired by the methods developed in the Institute for Writing and Thinking (IWT) in Bard College.
Evaluation and Grading of Philosophy Essays at the International Philosophy Olympiad
Authors: Pfister Jonas
Published: June 2022

The correct evaluation of philosophy essays is an important topic in the didactics of philosophy. Two central questions are which evaluation criteria should be used and how they should be applied to reach fair grades. Focusing in this article on the essay competition of the International Philosophy Olympiad (IPO), the list of five evaluation criteria for an argumentative essay at the IPO is discussed. It is argued that these criteria should be specified, their status should be clarified, and a grading method should be developed. The article contains an appendix with a very short guide for evaluators at the International Philosophy Olympiad.
Diferențele de gen și de vârstă în manifestarea timidității la preadolescenți
Authors: Racu Iulia , Racu Igor
Published: June 2022

Article describes the result of an experimental research of shyness in preadolescence. The research sample included 174 preadolescents (87 boys and 87 girls). Cheeck-Buss Shyness Scale was administrated on all preadolescents. As results we established that 24,14% of preadolescents present a low and a high level of shyness. The most of preadolescents (51,72%) manifest a medium level of shyness. Girls (31,04%) are characterized by a more accentuated level of shyness comparative boys. The higher level of shyness among girls can be explained through some biological characteristic and family contexts which predispose them to be more sensitive and vulnerable to diff erent situations and circumstances. In terms of age we didn’t attained diff erences between preadolescents of 13 years-15 years. The multiple biological, cognitive and psychosocial changes which preadolescents go through explain the preadolescents’ shyness indiff erent of their ages.
Upaya Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pegawai Pemerintahan Dengan Perjanjian Kerja Dalam Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja
Authors: Andria Hotmauli Simanjuntak Yemima
Published: June 2022

Upaya perwujudan reformasi birokrasi pemerintahan yang mengedepankan transparansi, akuntabilitas, efisiensi, efektvitas, produktivitas untuk memberantas praktek KKN, Pemerintah berupaya memberantas stigma buruk dari kalangan masyarakat luas terhadap citra Pegawai Negeri. Sebagaimana terdapat dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 (UU ASN), penggolongan Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) terdiri dari Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS) dan Pegawai Pemerintah dengan Perjanjian Kerja (PPPK). UU ASN dengan aturan turunannya yaitu Peraturan Pemerintah (PP) Nomor 49 Tahun 2018 tentang Manajemen Pegawai Pemerintah dengan Perjanjian Kerja belum mampu memberikan kepastian hukum bagi PPPK karena justru menimbulkan celah-celah yang besar seperti halnya kesenjangan hak antara PPPK dan PNS terkhususnya dalam hak pemutusan hubungan kerja. Maka dari itu, dalam penelitian ini akan mengkaji mengenai upaya perlindungan hukum bagi PPPK dalam pemutusan hubungan kerja berdasarkan UU ASN dan mengkaji upaya hukum yang dapat ditempuh oleh PPPK jika terjadi pemutusan hubungan kerja seketika. Untuk menangani hal terkait Pemutusan Hubungan Perjanjian Kerja (PHPK) saat ini dapat dilakukannya penggunaan upaya administratif yang terdiri dari upaya keberatan dan banding dalam penyelesaian sengketa kepegawaian terkhususnya bagi PPPK. Hasil penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis normative yang dilakukan didasarkan pada bahan hukum utama. Tujuan penlitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perlindungan hukum yang tepat bagi PPPK terkait pemutusan hubungan perjanjian kerja berdasarkan UU Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 dan upaya hukum yang dapat ditempuh. Saran dari hasil penelitian ini adalah legislator dapat menyusun peraturan pelaksana baik dalam bentuk untuk menyempurnakan celah pengaturan terkait alasan pemberhentian dengan hormat tidak atas permintaan sendiri dan celah pengaturan pada upaya hukum atas PHPK.
Pengaruh promosi dan harga terhadap keputusan pembelian produk susu dancow
Authors: Adrianto A
Published: June 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh promosi dan harga terhadap keputusan pembelian produk susu dancow. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Supermarket x di Medan yang dilakukan pada bulan 2021. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 100 orang konsumen yang melakukan pembelian produk susu dancow, pengambilan sampel menggunakan accidental sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji Regresi Berganda dengan uji ketepatan model (uji asumsi klasik) dan pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji koefisien determinasi, uji parsial, dan uji simultan, sedangkan pengolahan data menggunakan SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial dan simultan promosi dan harga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian
Pengaruh sistem e-filling dan e-billing terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak dengan pemahaman internet sebagai variabel moderating pada wajib pajak orang pribadi yang terdaftar di KPP Pratama Medan Timur
Authors: Sinaga Claudia Chery Yoranda , Azhar Mhd. Karya Satya
Published: June 2022

Sistem pemungutan pajak adalah suatu proses pemungutan pajak di mana wajib pajak diwajibkan membayar pajak terutang kepada pemerintah. Sistem pemungutan pajak yang diakui di Indonesia ada 3 yaitu withholding system, self assessment system, dan official assessment system. Indonesia telah mengganti sistem pemungutan pajak dari sistem offical assessment menjadi sistem self assessment. Pada sistem self assessment system wajib pajak diberi kepercayaan untuk menghitung, membayar, dan melaporkan sendiri jumlah pajak yang seharusnya terutang berdasarkan peraturan perundang–undangan perpajakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kepatuhan wajib pajak. Sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh wajib pajak orang pribadi yang terdaftar wajib SPT di KPP Pratama Medan Timur sebanyak 100 responden dengan metode Slovin. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sistem e-filling berpengaruh terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak, sistem e-billing berpengaruh terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak, pemahaman internet dapat memoderasi pengaruh sistem e-filling terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak, pemahaman internet dapat memoderasi pengaruh sistem e-billing terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak.
Asava Arista: an Medicated Alcohol Critical Review
Authors: Prajwal Gurav
Published: June 2022

Ayurveda since ancient time’s renowned system of medicine in India. But it has got such an efficacy to cure the wide ranges of diseases. Asava arishtahas evolved over time to include a variety of formulations that are prescribed for a variety of diseases. The pharmacological processing of asava and arishta reported in ayurvedic literature is rigorously examined in this paper. Inspection of the constituents required for preparation, including their composition, dravadravya(liquid), sandhaneeya dravya(fermenting materials), prakshepaka dravya (additives), madhura dravya(sweetening agents), sandhana paatra(fermentation vessels) used, samskaras prior tosandhana,method of preparation, sandhanaAsava and aristaare considered as exclusive formulation as per shelf life is concerned. These preparations are mainly used in case of Agni mandyata. These use of asava aristahave led craze among the consumers due to its quicker absorption, long shelf life.
MicroscopicEvaluation of Leaf of Balanites Aegyptiaca (L.)Delile: A Review Article
Authors: Rathore Bhawani Singh , Kotecha Mita , Chaudhary Krutika , Manjula
Published: June 2022

Introduction:Leaves of Balanites aegyptiaca(L.) Delileare commonly used for diabetes. Literature survey revealed that notmuch work has been done on this plant, especially on leaves. So detailed microscopical study was done for its identification. Methods: Transversesection and powder microscopy wascarriedoutonleavesofBalanitesaegyptiaca(L.)Delile.Result: Microscopical study showed dorsiventaral midrib and smooth, even and thick lamina. Thelamina was isolateraland 350 μm thick. The marginal part of the laminawas bluntly conical measuring 200 μm thick. Calcium oxalate crystals wereabundant in the mesophyll tissue. The crystals were druses and rosettetypes.Theveinsformedwell definedvein-islets ofpolygonal outline. The vein terminations were well developed and thick, short and straight. At the end of the veinterminationoccurredaclusterofsquarish,thickwalledwidesclereids.Theleafwasamphistomatic, However, the stomata on the abaxial side were more in frequency than on theadaxial side. The abaxial epidermal cells were small, polygonal and fairly thick walled. Theanticlinal walls were straight. The trichomes were unicellular, unbranched and thick walled.Crystal bodies were wide spread in the powder. The crystals were exclusively druses, which werespherical bodies comprising manypointed triangular small crystal units. Analysis and Discussion:The present researchprovided useful information in regard to its correct identity, evaluation and helped to differentiate from thecloselyrelated otherspecies ofBalanites aegyptiaca(L.)Delile. Hence, it furnished the data for future standardization of the drug.
Role Of Ayurveda in Prevention of Communicable Diseases
Authors: Paudel Pratima , Fiaz Shamsa , S.G Malashree
Published: June 2022

Infectious or communicable diseases can be defined as an illness caused by another living agent, or its products, that can spread from one person to another, can cause emergency situation. Ayurveda has given practical explanation about the communicable diseases in various contexts which are applicable in day-to-day life in their prevention, and cure. The modes of transmission of the Communicable diseases, relative modes of prevention, and maintenance of health with Dinacharya& Ritucharya(daily practice & Seasonal practice) are well illustrated in classics. Various modes of transmission of the communicable diseases by Touch, Inhalation, Sharing Fomites, Polluted water, Air, Soil have been explained in Ayurveda along with the symptoms seen normally which follow cough, dyspnea, vomiting, rhinorrhoea, headache, fever etc. Infectious agents are plentiful, mutate rapidly, and can become resistant to drugs if not destroyed completely. Low vaccination rates, poor nutrition, age (young and elderly), and immunosuppression, Overcrowding, poor regional design and hygiene due to poverty, Polluted drinking water, rapid climate changes, and natural disasters, can lead to conditions that allow easier transmission of disease. The first and foremost aim of Ayurveda is Prevention of diseases and next is the cure of manifested diseases for which avoidance of the causative factors is the first line of management. There are minor diversions in the management of such infective conditions in Ayurveda such as Sadvritta (good conduct), Rasayanaetc which can be effective method of prevention of communicable diseases.
Role of Kleda Dushyain Prameha(Diabetes Mellitus)-A Critical Review
Authors: Sharma Parveen , Sumit  , Sahu Ajay Kumar , Bakuni Harish , Padhar Bharat Kumar , Rawat Sunita
Published: June 2022

According to the World Health Organization, diabetes mellitus will be the seventh largest cause of death by 2030. According to studies undertaken by the Indian Council of Medical Research, India currently has 62.4 million persons with diabetes. Diabetes patients experience several consequences throughout time. As a result, they are vulnerable to a wide range of infections. Modern medical research is attempting to solve the problem, but it has its own limitations. According to modern medicine, the treatment's goal is to achieve a protracted remission rather than a complete cure. According to Acharya Charaka, the vitiation of three Doshas creates 20 different varieties of Prameha as well as a slew of other ailments. Nidan, Dosha, and Dushyaare three components that, when united in a strong state, cause Pramehato develop right away. The patient in Madhumehapasses a big amount of urine that looks like Madhu (honey) and tastes like Kashaya(astringent) and Madhur(sweet). In place of Madhumeha, Acharya Sushrutahas told Kshaudrameha. An individual suffering from prameha'slike is also increased by hereditary propensity. The unnecessary Abaddha meda(loose lipid), Mamsa(muscle proteins), Kleda(body fluids), Shukra (reproductive tissues), Shonit(blood), vasa (muscle fats), Majja(bone marrow), Rasa (body liquid with plasma), Oja(immunity and immune system of body) are significant components engaged with the pathogenesis of prameha.The present review highlights the role of Kleda dushyain the pathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus.
Role of Swarnaprashanin Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Khan Sahadat , Ojha Nisha Kumari
Published: June 2022

Background: Swarnaprashanis a herbo-mineral Ayurveda preparation recommended in pediatric age group to enhance immunity and intellect since antiquity. Numbers of advocates are available for the practice of Swarnaprashanand its utility. Aim & Objective: The current review is aimed to assess the role of Swarnaprashanin children which could potentially have multifaceted benefits. Material and Method: A systematic review was conducted following PRISM ScR guidelines. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) analyzing the role of Swarnaprashanin children and published articles between 2001 to 2022 year were included in this study. Electronic databases were screened viz. PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, Scopus. The following keywords were used: “Swarnabinduprashan, Suvarnabinduprashan, Suvarnaprashan, and Swarnaprashana. To obtain additional data a manual search was performed using the reference lists of included articles.Results:Present systematic review reveals the beneficial health effects of Swarnaprashan: a) Immunomodulatory effect b) Effect on ITQOLc) Effect on hematological biochemical parameters/ Assessment of safety d) Effect on cognition e) Effect on growth, developmentand behavior. Conclusion: Present systematic review proves the role of Swarnaprashanain enhancing the cognition, physical growth, development as well as protection against the diseases by enhancing the immunity. There for Swarnaprashancould serve as drug of multimodal action at various levels which could lead complete development of a child.
Scope and Utility of Ayurveda in Rural and Primary Health Care
Authors: Kushwaha Ashwini Kumar
Published: June 2022

The population of India is 1.38 billion, of which 65.07% live in rural areas. Health care injustice is a universal phenomenon in rural India and the condition of rural and primary health care in India remains unsatisfactory even after 75 years of independence. Modern health facilities are very poor in rural areas and about 65% of the population lives in rural areas, using Ayurveda and medicinal plants as their primary health care needs. The holisticapproach of Ayurveda can provide most of the health services in rural India from its own resources such as preventive and promotive health care. Non-pharmacological remedies of Ayurveda like Sadvrittaand Swasthyavritta, Achara Rasayana and Yogaand the use of kitchen spices and common medicinal plants available in rural areas are better alternatives to primary health care in rural areas.
Clinicopathological Profile of Patients with Bladder Lesions in Sanglah Hospital during the Period 2013-2017
Authors: Winarti Ni Wayan , Widayanti Luh Ayu
Published: June 2022

Urinary bladder carcinoma is the ninth most common malignancy in the world. Various bladder lesions may show similar symptoms, so pathological examination is highly required to get a definitive diagnosis. This study aims to describe the clinicopathological features of patients with bladder lesions in Sanglah Hospital which can be used as baseline data for further research.
Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of Red Ginger Extracts on Aphrodisiac Activity
Authors: Rullyansyah Subhan , Muzakky Fuad , Samlan Karima , Hanistya Ria , Maulidiyanti Ellies Tunjung Sari
Published: June 2022

One of the breeding processes is influenced by reproduction factors. Herbal therapy can relieve male infertility, such as red ginger. This study aimed to determine the effect of red ginger extract on aphrodisiac activity. Methods: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of red ginger extract on aphrodisiac activity in Wistar rats. Twenty-five male Wistar rats and fifteen two-month-old females weighing 150-200 g were purchased and placed in cages at the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Muhammadiyah Surabaya.