bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic parameters of yield components and pomologic properties in raspberry seedlings
Authors: Fotiric-Aksic Milica , Radovic Aleksandar , Milivojevic Jasminka , Nikolic Mihailo , Nikolic Dragan
Published: January 2012

Over a three-year period yield components and pomologic properties were
studied in 20 raspberry seedlings obtained by open pollination of Meeker`s
yellow clone. The primary goals of this research were to determine its
variability components, coefficients of genetic and phenotypic variation and
coefficient of heritability in a broader sense. The analysis of the
components of total variance evidenced that higher proportion of genotypic
variance was found with fruit shape index (30.84%) and sucrose content
(35.61%). The results revealed that genotypic coefficient of variation were
less than its corresponding estimates of phenotypic coefficient of variation
for all traits which indicated significant role of environment in the
expression of these characters. The values of heritability coefficients, in a
broader sense, were high except for number of flowers per inflorescens
(9.47%), titratable acidity (6.38%) and inverted sugar content (28.88%). Nine
characters had h2 in interval from 50 to 80% but for fruit weight and fruit
length was greater than 80% which implies the high potential of genetic
improvement in those traits.
Accelerator production and nuclear aspects of 88Y: An efficient radiotracer
Authors: Enferadi Milad , Sadeghi Mahdi , Bolourinovin Fatemeh
Published: January 2012

Yttrium-88 (T1/2 = 106.6 d, Ib+ = 0.2% and IEC = 99.8%) is used in mixed
gamma efficiency calibration standards and also as a substitute for 90Y to
quantify the biodistribution of Y-pharmaceuticals in animals. Yttrium-88 and
strontium-85 as gamma emitting radiotracers were produced via natSrCO3(p, xn)
and natRbCl(p, xn) nuclear processes at AMIRS, with 18 and 15 MeV protons,
respectively, at a current of 20 ?A for 10 hours. The deposition of natSrCO3
on the Cu backing was carried out by means of the sedimentation method. Yt-
trium-88 was separated in a 92 ? 5% radiochemical yield using the
precipitation technique by precipitating natSr as SrSO4 (strontium-85 as a
tracer) while radioyttrium passed through the filter paper. Also, a
theoretical study of the nuclear reaction cross-sections for proton and
deuteron induced reactions on natSr and natRb for the production of 88Y and
85Sr, respectively, was performed using the EMPIRE (version 3.1 Rivoli),
TALYS-1.26 codes and the TENDL-2010 database.
Development of a multiwire position sensitive proportional counter
Authors: Kakavand Tayeb , Nasseri Mohammad , Sharifi Bahador , Razavi Rohallah
Published: January 2012

Preliminary measurements in a proportional counter with two independently
counting wires have shown that counting rates up to 106 counts/s per wire can
be reached without critical loss in the ?true versus measured? linearity
relation. In this paper, a gas-flow multiwire proportional counter designed
and constructed in Iran, is presented. Results obtained with a fabricated
detector, containing 32 Ni-chromic anode wires, are shown. Each wire is
associated with a fast pre-amplifier and a discriminator channel. Counting
rates of over 107 events per second are measured. The diameter, length, and
resistance per unit length of anode wires are 35 ?m, 3 cm and 10 ?/m,
respectively. The cathode is constructed of two fiber glass printed sheets of
4 x 12cm2 dimensions. In this detector, P10 gas (10% of methane and 90% of
argon) is used. The volume of the detector sensitive area is 24 cm3. Detector
signals are analyzed carefully through data acquisition systems (MCA,
amplifier and preamplifier). Our study indicates that the present detector is
a position sensitive detector and that the obtained position sensitivity
resolution of this instrument is 3.5 mm.
Radiation-induced hematological alterations and their inhibition by Aegle Marmelos fruit extract
Authors: Agrawal Annapurna , Goyal Pradeep
Published: January 2012

This study was carried out to observe the radio protective potential of Aegle
Marmelos fruit extract (AME) against radiation-induced hematological and
biochemical alterations in blood and liver of mice. For this purpose, adult
Swiss albino mice were exposed to 6 Gy gamma radiation in the presence
(experimental) or absence (control) of the extract (100 mg/kg body weight
animal/day). Exposure to radiation resulted in a significant decline in the
count of erythrocyte, hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) in peripheral
blood. In contrast, extract-pretreated irradiated animals had a significant
rise in all of these blood constituents, as compared with the irradiated
control. Furthermore, a significant elevation in lipid peroxidation over
normal was recorded in the irradiated control, whereas such increase was
considerably lesser in extract-pretreated animals. Likewise, pretreatment
with AME caused a significant increase in glutathione levels in the serum, as
well as in the liver, in comparison to irradiated controls. These results
indicate that AME may be responsible for the protection of stem cells in bone
marrow, subsequently resulting in a rise of hematological constituents in
peripheral blood. The present study affirms the prophylactic use of AME
against radiation-induced hematological and biochemical alterations in
mammals.
Universal dependence of the total number albedo of photons on the mean number of photon scatterings
Authors: Ljubenov Vladan , Simovic Rodoljub
Published: January 2012

This paper presents the results of research on photon reflection from plane
targets based on Monte Carlo simulations performed by the MCNP code. Five
materials (water, concrete, aluminum, iron, and copper) are examined in the
area of initial photon energies of up to 200 keV. The values of the total
number albedo for photons dependent on the initial photon energy or the mean
number of photon scatterings are calculated and graphically presented. We
have shown that the values of the total number albedo for different target
materials, expressed as a function of the mean number of photon scatterings,
are in good agreement with each other and can be approximated by simple,
universal analytic functions obtained by the least squares method. The
accuracy of these analytic appoximations is confirmed by their comparison
with the results of PENELOPE and FOTELP Monte Carlo codes.
On-line adaptive line frequency noise cancellation from a nuclear power measuring channel
Authors: Qadir Javed , Iqbal Masood , Qaiser Hameed
Published: January 2012

On-line software for adaptively canceling 50 Hz line frequency noise has been
designed and tested at Pakistan Research Reactor 1. Line frequency noise
causes much problem in weak signals acquisition. Sometimes this noise is so
dominant that original signal is totally corrupted. Although notch filter can
be used for eliminating this noise, but if signal of interest is in close
vicinity of 50 Hz, then original signal is also attenuated and hence overall
performance is degraded. Adaptive noise removal is a technique which could be
employed for removing line frequency without degrading the desired signal. In
this paper line frequency noise has been eliminated on-line from a nuclear
power measuring channel. The adaptive LMS algorithm has been used to cancel
50 Hz noise. The algorithm has been implemented in labVIEW with NI 6024 data
acquisition card. The quality of the acquired signal has been improved much
as can be seen in experimental results.
Calibration of routine dosimeters in radiation processing: Validation procedure for in-plant calibration
Authors: Secerov Bojana , Bacic Goran
Published: January 2012

The essential prerequisite of radiation dosimetry is to provide quality
assurance and documentation that the irradiation procedure has been carried
out according to the specification requirement of correct calibration of the
chosen dosimetry system. At the Radiation Plant of the Vinca Institute of
Nuclear Sciences we compared two recommended protocols of irradiation
procedures in the calibration of dosimetry systems in radiation processing:
(1) by irradiation of routine dosimeters (ethanol-chlorobenzene - ECB) at the
calibration laboratory and (2), by in-plant calibration with alanine transfer
- dosimeters. The critical point for in-plant calibration is irradiation
geometry, so we carefully positioned the phantom carrying both dosimeters in
order to minimize dose gradients across the sample. The analysis of results
obtained showed that the difference among determined absorbed doses for the
construction of calibration curves between these two methods, (alanine vs.
ECB), is less than 1%. The difference in combined standard uncertainty for
each calibration procedure is 0.1%. These results demonstrate that our
in-plant calibration is as good as calibration by irradiation at the
calibration laboratory and validates our placement of the irradiation phantom
during irradiation.
Functional data analysis in forecasting Serbian fertility
Authors: Nikitovic Vladimir
Published: January 2012

A new approach, combining functional data analysis and principal components
decomposition in order to forecasting demographic rates, introduced recently
by Hyndman and his associates, is tested on official data series of Serbian
age-specific fertility rates available for period 1950-2009. The original
concept of the method with its extensions and improvements is applied to
region-specific data for the country (Central Serbia and Vojvodina). One of
the most important benefits of the method reflected in confirmation that is
essentially to model and forecast more than one principal component in order
to adequately address sources of variation in fertility. Similarly, modelling
and forecasting fertility rates with regards to age and not total fertility
rates shows how important it is for the recognized tendency of postponing
childbearing in Serbia to be included in coefficients of functional time
series. Besides, the method is based completely on evaluation of historical
data, without subjective views of forecasters having to be taken into
account. Coherent functional product ratio forecasts of two regions proved to
be highly convergent on the long-term not allowing for outliers to
contaminate the forecast.
Socio-demographic factors and substance use in adolescence
Authors: Maric Mia
Published: January 2012

The emergence of risky behavior is characteristic in adolescence. Of all
forms of risky behavior in adolescence, the use of psychoactive substances -
cigarettes, alcohol and illegal psychoactive substances particularly stand
out, because of the frequency and degree of prevalence of use, and because of
the impact that they have on youth development in this sensitive stage of
growing up. Unfortunately, today we are witnessing the fact that such
behavior in adolescents has gained an increasingly epidemic character mainly
due to the characteristics of the social context in which young people are
growing up. The main objective of this research, conducted in the framework
of the doctoral dissertation of the author, was determining relations between
relevant sociodemographic factors: gender, age, school success, financial
status and place of residence of respondents, with the appearance and
intensity of use of three types of psychoactive substances - cigarettes,
alcohol and illegal psychoactive substances among the general population of
adolescents. The sample represents non-clinical young population, and it
consists of 529 adolescents, students of the 2nd and 4th class of secondary
school (17 and 18 years old). The data was collected by using Scale use of
PAS (psychoactive substances) in adolescents, which was designed for the
purpose of this research, as well as using a set of questions intended for
the registration of socio-demographic variables. Respondents filled in
questionnaires in groups, during the school lessons. The data show a
relationship between the three studied socio-demographic variables with the
occurrence and degree of use of psychoactive substances in the adolescence
period, such as gender, age and school success of the respondents. As regards
gender of respondents associated with the occurrence and degree of alcohol
and illegal substance use in adolescents, male adolescents more likely use
alcohol and illegal psychoactive substances. Age of respondents associated
with the use of all three types of psychoactive substances in adolescence,
found that older adolescents were more likely to use cigarettes, alcohol and
illegal psychoactive substances. School success of the respondents is
associated with the occurrence and degree of use of all three tested
categories of psychoactive substances - cigarettes, alcohol and drugs, and
the obtained findings indicate that with the decline in school success, the
prevalence of all three types of psychoactive substances increases in
adolescence. Besides the theoretical significance, the applicability of the
findings is reflected in the field of primary prevention and health
protection of youth.
Evaluation of coagulation factors in fresh frozen plasma treated with riboflavin and ultraviolet light
Authors: Antic Ana , Stanojkovic Zoran , Macukanovic-Golubovic Lana , Jelic Marija
Published: January 2012

Background/Aim. Pathogen inactivation in blood products using riboflavin and
ultraviolet (UV) light represents a proactive approach to blood safety, not
only for known infectious agents but also for new ones or not yet recognized
as threats to the blood supply. This method inactivates a virus, bacteria,
fungus, or protozoan pathogen from the blood product without damaging its
function or shelf-life. The aim of the study was to study the influence of
photoinactivation using riboflavin on the concentration of coagulation
factors and coagulation inhibitors in plasma that was treated before
freezing. Methods. The examination included 30 units of plasma, separated
from whole blood donated by voluntary blood donors around 6 h from the moment
of collection. They were treated by riboflavin (35 mL) and UV rays (6.24
J/mL, 265-370 nm) on Mirasol aparature (Caridian BCT Biotechnologies, USA) in
approximate duration of 6 min. The samples for examining were taken before (K
- control units) and after illumination (I - illuminated units). Results.
Comparing the middle values of coagulation factors in the control and
illuminated units we noticed their statistically significant decrease in
illuminated units (p < 0.001), but the activity of coagulation ones was still
in the reference range. The most sensitive coagulation factors to
photoinactivation were FVIII, FIX and FXI (21.99%, 20.54% and 17.26% loss,
respectively). Anticoagulant factors were better preseved than coagulation
factors. Conclusion. Plasma separated from whole blood donation within 6 h,
treated with riboflavin and UV light within 6 h from separation and frozen at
temperature below -30?C within 24 h, shows good retention of pro- and
anticoagulation activity.
Postoperative nonlethal complications following open heart surgery
Authors: Golubovic Miodrag , Mihajlovic Bogoljub , Kovacevic Pavle , Cemerlic-Adjic Nada , Pavlovic Katica , Velicki Lazar , Susak Stamenko
Published: January 2012

Background/Aim. Postoperative nonlethal complications after open heart
surgery are a serious clinical problem causing a considerable engagement of
health workers, an augmented use of drugs, and prolonged operation incapacity
leading to prolonged hospital stay and increased expenses. The aim of the
study was to establish whether there is any correlation between the level of
expected operative risk and postoperative nonlethal complications. Methods. A
consecutive series of 853 patients subjected to the open heart surgery were
investigated, 622 (73%) males and 231 (27%) females. The average age of the
patients was 57.2 ? 9.9 (16-81) years. The patients were divided into 3
groups according to the additive EuroSCORE model: groups I, II and III with
the expected operative risk of 0%-2%, 2%- 5% and over 5%, respectively. The
data were collected prospectively and analyzed retrospectively. Statistical
methods of correlation and t-test were used. Results. A high degree of
correlation between the operative risk level and frequency of postoperative
nonlethal complications (R = 0.98) was found. The average rate of
complications was 24% for the whole group of 853 patients. It accounted for
21%, 29% and 47% in the groups I, II and III, respectively. According to the
expected operative risk level there was a statistically significant
difference in respect of heart arrhythmias (p = 0.02), neurologic
complications (p = 0.002), and pulmonary complications (p = 0.009).
Conclusion. Our results show a high degree of correlation between the
expected level of operative risk according to the EuroSCORE model and the
frequency of postoperative nonlethal complications. There is a statistically
significant difference in respect to frequency of heart rhythm disturbances,
pulmonary and neurological complications and expected operative mortality.
HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections among military members of the armed forces of Serbia
Authors: Jadranin Zeljko , Suljagic Vesna , Todorovic Veljko , Trkuljic Miroljub , Vucetic Dusan
Published: January 2012

Background/Aim. Military personnel is a population group at special risk of
exposure to sexually transmitted diseases (STD). In peacetime, STD infection
rates among service members are generally 2 to 5 times higher than among
civilian population. In time of conflict, the differences can be 50 or more
times greater. This study describes sexual behavior as a risk factor for STD
in the Armed Forces of Serbia. Methods. The sample of 5 617 voluntary blood
donors from the Armed Forces of Serbia gave blood and filled World Health
Organization Questionnaire about sexual behavior within January 2007 -
December 2008 period. The mandatory testing of voluntary blood donors was
performed in the Institute of Transfusiology Military Medical Academy in
Belgrade, by the specific immunoenzyme tests and polymerasa chain reaction
tests for HIV, hepatitis B, C and syphilis. Statistical analysis of data was
done using State for Windows 93, USA, 1996. Results. We identified 36
soldiers with some form of STDs. This study showed that 1 668 (29.7%) tested
soldiers reported always using condoms, 1 725 (30.72%) almost always, 1 238
(20.04%) sometimes, 495 (8.81%) almost never and 490 (8.73%) never. Among the
sample, 449 (7.99%) soldiers reported sexual contacts with partners with high
risk of sexual behavior, whilst 22 (0.37%) of them reported homosexual and
bisexual contacts. Conclusion. This study reported STDs found in voluntary
blood donors among the service members of the Armed Forces of Serbia, but
none of them was identified to be HIV positive. Soldiers with the most
frequent risk behavior were reported to be those with inconsistent condom
use. In the future, the STD Control and Prevention Program should be more
intensively conducted among the members of the Armed Forces of Serbia.
Attitudes and motives of potential sperm donors in Serbia
Authors: Hedrih Andjelka , Hedrih Vladimir
Published: January 2012

Background/Aim. For curing infertility, sperm donors and their donations are
important source of benefits for the society. Attitudes of sperm donors
towards different recipient categories and relation with offspring become
more important. The aim of our study was to explore sperm donation related
attitudes and motives among potential sperm donors in Serbia. Methods. The
study included 303 participants from Serbia, age from 20 to 40. Measures of
personality traits were obtained by using the Big Five Inventory. For
measuring attitudes and motivation regarding sperm donation the Attitudes and
Motivation of Sperm Donors questionnaire was applied. Results. A total of 244
participants stated that they would be willing to be sperm donors. The
results showed no statistically significant differences in personality traits
between people who claimed that they would be willing to become sperm donors,
and those claiming otherwise, but a number of differences in personality
traits were found when various attitudes regarding sperm donation process,
possible users of donated sperm and relations between the donor and his
biological offspring were considered. Conclusion. There are no statistically
significant differences in personality traits between people who claimed that
they would and those that would not be willing to become sperm donors. It is
possible that some other factors (e.g. cultural values) influence the
decision to become sperm donor, but personality traits play an important role
in making decisions regarding sperm donation process, possible receivers of
donation and relations between the donor and his biological offspring.
Interleukin-33/ST2: A new signaling pathway in immunity and immunopathology
Authors: Pavlovic Sladjana , Zdravkovic Nemanja , Radosavljevic Gordana , Arsenijevic Nebojsa , Lukic Miodrag , Jovanovic Ivan
Published: January 2012

nema
The long-term remission of rheumatoid arthritis with a single cycle of rituximab
Authors: Glisic Branislava , Knezevic Bojana
Published: January 2012

Introduction. Rituximab selectively targets CD20+ B cells and presumably
protects joints in rheumatoid arthritis. Complete remissions after a single
treatment with rituximab, in some cases for longer than 1 year, are observed
in only the minority of patients. We reported a patient suffering from
refractory rheumatoid arthritis who responded to rituximab with sustained
remission. Case report. A 78-yearold woman was diagnosed with seropositive
rheumatoid arthritis in 2001. The disease remained active despite
conventional disease modifying drugs. In February 2007 the disease was highly
active. Two infusions of rituximab 1 000 mg on days 1 and 15 were performed.
Concomitant treatment consisted of metotrexate 10 mg/week and prednisolone 5
mg/day. The patients were assessed every month after receiving rituximab.
Remission was achieved three months later. The patient was retreated with a
second cycle of rituximab in December 2009 due to arthritic flare.
Conclusion. This case report showed that the rituximab treatment was feasible
and led to a clinically relevant and long lasting improvement in disease
activity.
Application of radiovisiography (digital radiology) in dental clinical practice
Authors: Ilic Dragan , Stojanovic Ljiljana
Published: January 2012

Introduction. Radiovisiography (RVG) as the latest imaging technique in
dentistry with the minimal radiation exposure of the patient and numerous
possibilities to process the images has many advantages over classic
radiography. Case report. We presented an interesting clinical endodontic
case of primary posted diagnosis of traumatic periodontitis of upper right
canine upon orthodontics treatment. As the patient previously had been
exposed to alleged high dose of radiation the patient agreed to minimal
exposition using digital RVG. The options of the tool bar of RVG Trophy
device enabled the solving of ethiologic factor of presented periodontitis.
The enigma of the symptoms on the ?overfilled? root canal was solved zooming
and 3-D analysis avoiding periapical surgery owing to the patience of the
patient and the dentist in a couple of days. Conclusion. By applying RVG
technique the time for diagnostic procedure is much shorter in comparison
with traditional dental radiography enabling archiving and follow-up the
presented case in the course of time.
Idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy
Authors: Cekic Sonja , Risimic Dijana , Jovanovic Ivan , Djordjevic-Jocic Jasmina
Published: January 2012

Background. Idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (IPCV) is uncommon
condition. It is considered to be a variant of neovascular age-related
macular degeneration, but it can be also found in younger patients. Case
report. We presented a case of otherwise healthy, 36-year-old women, with
sudden unilateral visual impairment in the left eye and metamorphosia. Slit
lamp biomicroscopy examination of the eye anterior segment was normal.
Intraocular pressure determined by aplanation tonometry was 16 mmHg in both
eyes. Indirect slit lamp biomicroscopy examination showed signs of
serosanquinous detachments of the retinal pigment epithelium. Fluorescein
angiography showed a subretinal vessel network through the pigment epithelial
atrophy with hyperfluorescence in superior part of serohemorrhagic pigment
epithelial detachment and the inferior hypofluorescence, caused by
hemorrhage. Optical coherence tomography proved detachment of the retinal
pigment epithelium. Conclusion. In patients with IPCV a mild, natural course
with spontaneous resorption of exudations and hemorrhage and improvement in
visual acuity can be observed. There is no approved treatment at present.
Elective reconstruction of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm type IV by transabdominal approach
Authors: Marjanovic Ivan , Jevtic Miodrag , Misovic Sidor , Sarac Momir
Published: January 2012

Introduction. Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) type IV represents an
aortic dilatation from the level of the diaphragmatic hiatus to the iliac
arteries branches, including visceral branches of the aorta. In the
traditional procedure of TAAA type IV repair, the body is opened using
thoractomy and laparotomy in order to provide adequate exposure of the
descending thoracic and abdominal aorta for safe aortic reconstruction. Case
report. We reported a 71-yearold man with elective reconstruction of the TAAA
type IV performed by transabdominal approach. Computed tomography scans
angiography revealed a TAAA type IV with diameter of 62 mm in the region of
celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery branching, and the largest
diameter of 75 mm in the infrarenal aortic level. The patient comorbidity
included a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and hypertension, therefore
he was treated for a prolonged period. In preparation for the planned aortic
reconstruction asymptomatic carotid disease (occlusion of the left internal
carotid artery and subtotal stenosis of the right internal carotid artery)
was diagnosed. Within the same intervention percutaneous transluminal
angioplasty with stent placement in right internal carotid artery was made.
In general, under endotracheal anesthesia and epidural analgesia, with
transabdominal approach performed aortic reconstruction with tubular dakron
graft 24 mm were, and reimplantation of visceral aortic branches into the
graft performed. Postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was
discharged on the postoperative day 17. Control computed tomography scan
angiography performed three months after the operation showed vascular state
of the patient to be in order. Conclusion. Complete transabdominal approach
to TAAA type IV represents an appropriate substitute for thoracoabdominal
approach, without compromising safety of the patient. This approach is less
traumatic, especially in patients with impaired pulmonary function, because
there is no thoracotomy and any complications that could follow this
approach.
Metabolomic Profiling of Fatty Acid and Amino Acid Metabolism in Youth With Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Mihalik Stephanie J. , Michaliszyn Sara F. , de las Heras Javier , Bacha Fida , Lee SoJung , Chace Donald H. , DeJesus Victor R. , Vockley Jerry , Arslanian Silva A.
Published: January 2012

OBJECTIVE

We compared acylcarnitine (AcylCN) species, common amino acid and fat oxidation (FOX) byproducts, and plasma amino acids in normal weight (NW; n = 39), obese (OB; n = 64), and type 2 diabetic (n = 17) adolescents.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Fasting plasma was analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry, body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography, and total-body lipolysis and substrate oxidation by [2H5]glycerol and indirect calorimetry, respectively. In vivo insulin sensitivity (IS) was assessed with a 3-h hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp.

RESULTS

Long-chain AcylCNs (C18:2-CN to C14:0-CN) were similar among the three groups. Medium- to short-chain AcylCNs (except C8 and C10) were significantly lower in type 2 diabetes compared with NW, and when compared with OB, C2-, C6-, and C10-CN were lower. Amino acid concentrations were lower in type 2 diabetes compared with NW. Fasting lipolysis and FOX were higher in OB and type 2 diabetes compared with NW, and the negative association of FOX to C10:1 disappeared after controlling for adiposity, Tanner stage, and sex. IS was lower in OB and type 2 diabetes with positive associations between IS and arginine, histidine, and serine after adjusting for adiposity, Tanner stage, and sex.

CONCLUSIONS

These metabolomics results, together with the increased rates of in vivo FOX, are not supportive of defective fatty acid or amino acid metabolism in obesity and type 2 diabetes in youth. Such observations are consistent with early adaptive metabolic plasticity in youth, which over time—with continued obesity and aging—may become dysfunctional, as observed in adults.
Construct Validity of Clinical Tests for Alar Ligament Integrity: An Evaluation Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Osmotherly Peter G. , Rivett Darren A. , Rowe Lindsay J.
Published: January 2012

Background

The alar ligaments are integral to limiting occipito-atlanto-axial rotation and lateral flexion and enhancing craniocervical stability. Clinical testing of these ligaments is advocated prior to the application of some cervical spine manual therapy procedures. Given the absence of validation of these tests and the potential consequences if manipulation is applied to an unstable upper cervical spine segment, exploration of these tests is necessary.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to examine the direct effect of the side-bending and rotation stress tests on alar ligaments using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Design

This was a within-participant experimental study.

Methods

Sixteen participants underwent MRI in neutral and end-range stress test positions using proton density-weighted sequences in a 3-Tesla system. Measurements followed a standardized protocol relative to the position of the axis. Distances were measured from dens tip to the inferior margin of the foramen magnum and from midsubstance of the dental attachment of the ligament to its occipital insertion. Between-side differences were calculated for each measurement to account for inherent asymmetries in morphology. Differences were compared between the test and neutral positions using a Wilcoxon signed rank test.

Results

Side-bending stress tests produced a median between-side difference in ligament length of +1.15 mm. Rotation stress tests produced a median between-side difference in ligament length of +2.08 mm. Both results indicate increased measurement of the contralateral alar ligament.

Limitations

Assessment could be made only in the neutral position due to imaging limitations. Clinical texts state that tests should be performed in 3 positions: neutral, flexion, and extension.

Conclusions

Both side-bending and rotation stress testing result in a measurable increase in length of the contralateral alar ligament. This finding is consistent with mechanisms that have been described to support their use in clinical practice.
Investigating Factors Affecting Material Selection: The Impacts on Green Vernacular Building Materials in the Design-Decision Making Process
Authors: Ogunkah Ibuchim , Yang Junli
Published: January 2012

Material selection is a complex and delicate task determined by the immense number of building material options. Likewise, multiple factors are often considered by the architect when evaluating the various categories of building materials. As a result, these sets of factors or variables often present tradeoffs that make the decision process even more complex. To ease the material-selection process, this article examines one aspect of the research objectives: the relevant factors or variables needed to develop a systematic and efficient material-selection system. Through the analysis of frequency data and results of a pilot study, it identifies some of the potential factors that will impact architects decisions in their choice of green vernacular building materials, during the design-decision making process. The application of the criteria for the quantitative evaluation and selection of the best alternative building material, using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model, are discussed. The aim is to develop a multi-factorial analytical decision support toolkit to assist architects assess their consequences in terms of whether or not the material option is likely to move towards sustainability objectives. An example is included to illustrate the AHP approach. The argument is advanced that the explicit incorporation of sustainability in the material selection process requires the assessment of the social, economic, technical, sensorial and environmental consequences of potential material options.
A Two-Dimensional Cloud Model for Condition Assessment of HVDC Converter Transformers
Authors: Li Jian , He Zhiman , Wang Youyuan , Lv Jinzhuang , Zhao Linjie
Published: January 2012

Converter transformers are the key and the most important components in high voltage direct current (HVDC) power transmission systems. Statistics show that the failure rate of HVDC converter transformers is approximately twice of that of transformers in AC power systems. This paper presents an approach integrated with a two-dimensional cloud model and an entropy-based weight model to evaluate the condition of HVDC converter transformers. The integrated approach can describe the complexity of HVDC converter transformers and achieve an effective assessment of their condition. Data from electrical testing, DGA, oil testing, and visual inspection were chosen to form the double-level assessment index system. Analysis results show that the integrated approach is capable of providing a relevant and effective assessment which in turn, provides valuable information for the maintenance of HVDC converter transformers.
Steady State Assessment of Shunt Compensated EHV Insulated Cables by Means of Multiconductor Cell Analysis (MCA)
Authors: Benato Roberto
Published: January 2012

The author has already presented some papers which allow studying cable systems by means of the multiconductor cell analysis (MCA). This method considers the cable system in its real asymmetry without simplified and approximated hypotheses. The multiconductor matrix procedure based on the use of admittance matrices, which account for the line cells (with earth return currents), different types of screen bonding, possible multiple circuits (single and double circuit or more), allows predicting the steady-state regime of any cable system. In the previous papers, these matrix algorithms have been presented with reference to a short extra-high voltage (EHV) double-circuit cross-bonded (CB) underground cable (UGC) system. Since the cable link was short, the shunt reactive compensation was not necessary and consequently not considered. In this paper the procedure is generalized in order to take into account three single-phase (or also one three-phase) reactors installed at the cable ends or also at intermediate locations.
When Atoms Meet Bits: Social Media, the Mobile Web and Augmented Revolution
Authors: Jurgenson Nathan
Published: January 2012

The rise of mobile phones and social media may come to be historically coupled with a growing atmosphere of dissent that is enveloping much of the globe. The Arab Spring, UK Riots, Occupy and many other protests and so-called “flash-mobs” are all massive gatherings of digitally-connected individuals in physical space; and they have recently become the new normal. The primary role of technology in producing this atmosphere has, in part, been to effectively link the on and the offline. The trend to view these as separate spaces, what I call “digital dualism”, is faulty. Instead, I argue that the digital and physical enmesh to form an “augmented reality”. Linking the power of the digital–creating and disseminating networked information–with the power of the physical–occupying geographic space with flesh-and-blood bodies–is an important part of why we have this current flammable atmosphere of augmented revolution.
Fucoxanthin Attenuates Rifampin-Induced Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and Multiple Drug Resistance 1 (MDR1) Gene Expression Through Pregnane X Receptor (PXR)-Mediated Pathways in Human Hepatoma HepG2 and Colon Adenocarcinoma LS174T Cells
Authors: Liu Cheng-Ling , Lim Yun-Ping , Hu Miao-Lin
Published: January 2012

Pregnane X receptor (PXR) has been reported to regulate the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as the cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) family and transporters, such as multiple drug resistance 1 (MDR1). Fucoxanthin, the major carotenoid in brown sea algae, is a putative chemopreventive agent. In this study, we determined whether fucoxanthin could overcome drug resistance through attenuation of rifampin-induced CYP3A4 and MDR1 gene expression by PXR-mediated pathways in HepG2 hepatoma cells. We found that fucoxanthin (1–10 μM) significantly attenuated rifampin (20 μM)-induced CYP3A4, MDR1 mRNA and CYP3A4 protein expression at 24 h of incubation. Mechanistically, fucoxanthin strongly attenuated the PXR-mediated CYP3A4 promoter activity in HepG2 cells. In addition, fucoxanthin attenuated constitutive androstane receptor (CAR)- and rPXR-mediated CYP3A4 promoter activity in this cell line. Using the mammalian two-hybrid assay, we found that fucoxanthin significantly decreased the interaction between PXR and SRC-1, a PXR co-activator. Thus, fucoxanthin can decrease rifampin-induced CYP3A4 and MDR1 expression through attenuation of PXR-mediated CYP3A4 promoter activation and interaction between PXR and co-activator. These findings could lead to potentially important new therapeutic and dietary approaches to reduce the frequency of adverse drug reactions.
New Sorafenib Derivatives: Synthesis, Antiproliferative Activity Against Tumour Cell Lines and Antimetabolic Evaluation
Authors: Babić Željka , Crkvenčić Maja , Rajić Zrinka , Mikecin Ana-Matea , Kralj Marijeta , Balzarini Jan , Petrova Mariya , Vanderleyden Jos , Zorc Branka
Published: January 2012

Sorafenib is a relatively new cytostatic drug approved for the treatment of renal cell and hepatocellular carcinoma. In this report we describe the synthesis of sorafenib derivatives 4a–e which differ from sorafenib in their amide part. A 4-step synthetic pathway includes preparation of 4-chloropyridine-2-carbonyl chloride hydrochloride (1), 4-chloro-pyridine-2-carboxamides 2a–e, 4-(4-aminophenoxy)-pyridine-2-carboxamides 3a–e and the target compounds 4-[4-[[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoylamino]-phenoxy]-pyridine-2-carboxamides 4a–e. All compounds were fully chemically characterized and evaluated for their cytostatic activity against a panel of carcinoma, lymphoma and leukemia tumour cell lines. In addition, their antimetabolic potential was investigated as well. The most prominent antiproliferative activity was obtained for compounds 4a–e (IC50 = 1-4.3 μmol·L−1). Their potency was comparable to the potency of sorafenib, or even better. The compounds inhibited DNA, RNA and protein synthesis to a similar extent and did not discriminate between tumour cell lines and primary fibroblasts in terms of their anti-proliferative activity.
The Development and Application of a Dot-ELISA Assay for Diagnosis of Southern Rice Black-Streaked Dwarf Disease in the Field
Authors: Wang Zhenchao , Yu Dandan , Li Xiangyang , Zeng Mengjiao , Chen Zhuo , Bi Liang , Liu Jiaju , Jin Linhong , Hu Deyu , Yang Song , Song Baoan
Published: January 2012

Outbreaks of the southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) have caused significant crop losses in southern China in recent years, especially in 2010. There are no effective, quick and practicable methods for the diagnosis of rice dwarf disease that can be used in the field. Traditional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methodology is accurate but requires expensive reagents and instruments, as well as complex procedures that limit its applicability for field tests. To develop a sensitive and reliable assay for routine laboratory diagnosis, a rapid dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-ELISA) method was developed for testing rice plants infected by SRBSDV. Based on anti-SRBSDV rabbit antiserum, this new dot-ELISA was highly reliable, sensitive and specific toward SRBSDV. The accuracy of two blotting media, polyvinylidene fluoride membrane (PVDF membrane) and nitrocellulose filter membrane (NC membrane), was compared. In order to facilitate the on-site diagnosis, three county laboratories were established in Shidian (Yunnan province), Jianghua (Hunan Province) and Libo (Guizhou province). Suspected rice cases from Shidian, Yuanjiang and Malipo in Yunnan province were tested and some determined to be positive for SRBSDV by the dot-ELISA and confirmed by the One Step RT-PCR method. To date, hundreds of suspected rice samples collected from 61 districts in southwestern China have been tested, among which 55 districts were found to have rice crops infected by SRBSDV. Furthermore, the test results in the county laboratories showed that Libo, Dehong (suspected samples were sent to Shidian) and Jianghua were experiencing a current SRBSDV outbreak.
Construction and Testing of orfA +/- FIV Reporter Viruses
Authors: Fadel Hind J. , Saenz Dyana T. , Poeschla Eric M.
Published: January 2012

Single cycle reporter viruses that preserve the majority of the HIV-1 genome, long terminal repeat-promoted transcription and Rev-dependent structural protein expression are useful for investigating the viral life cycle. Reporter viruses that encode the viral proteins in cis in this way have been lacking for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), where the field has used genetically minimized transfer vectors with viral proteins supplied in trans. Here we report construction and use of a panel of single cycle FIV reporter viruses that express fluorescent protein markers. The viruses can be produced to high titer using human cell transfection and can transduce diverse target cells. To illustrate utility, we tested versions that are (+) and (-) for OrfA, an FIV accessory protein required for replication in primary lymphocytes and previously implicated in down-regulation of the primary FIV entry receptor CD134. We observed CD134 down-regulation after infection with or without OrfA, and equivalent virion production as well. These results suggest a role for FIV proteins besides Env or OrfA in CD134 down-regulation.
A comparison of statistical methods for detecting differentially expressed genes from RNA‐seq data
Authors: Kvam Vanessa M. , Liu Peng , Si Yaqing
Published: January 2012

RNA‐Seq technologies are quickly revolutionizing genomic studies, and statistical methods for RNA‐seq data are under continuous development. Timely review and comparison of the most recently proposed statistical methods will provide a useful guide for choosing among them for data analysis. Particular interest surrounds the ability to detect differential expression (DE) in genes. Here we compare four recently proposed statistical methods, edgeR, DESeq, baySeq, and a method with a two‐stage Poisson model (TSPM), through a variety of simulations that were based on different distribution models or real data. We compared the ability of these methods to detect DE genes in terms of the significance ranking of genes and false discovery rate control. All methods compared are implemented in freely available software. We also discuss the availability and functions of the currently available versions of these software.
Mauvais fils
Authors: Peraldi Nicolas
Published: January 2012

Résumé Le récit clinique est un biais, une voie oblique qui n’a de fonction que celle de servir de repère. Aux travers ou, plus exactement, dans les travers d’une trajectoire d’un jeune homme pris en charge par l’Aide Sociale à l’Enfance, dans une mise en échec de toute dimension d’insertion sociale et professionnelle, j’essaierai de montrer comment un processus de subjectivation s’est élaboré afin de permettre à ce jeune de reconstruire son présent à l’aune de son passé, de symboliser et de s’approprier ce qui jusqu’alors n’avait été qu’éprouvé. Ce texte est écrit comme un triptyque. Les trois parties peuvent être lues indépendamment l’une de l’autre, et c’est pourtant dans la liaison entre elles que se développe la spécificité du propos que je souhaite soutenir à travers cet article. Chaque partie renvoie à une lecture, à un temps d’élaboration. Elle s’ouvre par une vignette clinique, comme un préambule à la réflexion qui suit. J’aurais pu lier les vignettes en une seule séquence et développer ensuite mon élaboration point par point. J’ai préféré cette (dés)articulation qui répond davantage, selon moi, à la théâtralisation du cas présenté.
Fantasmes originaires et revoilement adolescent
Authors: Reniers Dominique , Lesourd Serge
Published: January 2012

Résumé Le concept de fantasme originaire n’a pas connu de réel développement théorique dans l’œuvre freudienne. Ces fantasmes originaires présentent pourtant un intérêt considérable dans la mesure où ils instancient une conception du réel originale. La littérature analytique montre qu’ils sont souvent confondus avec les théories sexuelles infantiles. Il s’agit ici d’en saisir la valeur particulière au niveau de ce qui, dans l’adolescence, est marqué par la réactualisation d’une jouissance primordiale, celle de la chair qui est hors loi phallique. Une telle analyse mène à interroger l’hystérisation adolescente dans les deux voies de la sexuation qu’elle fonde et qui se supportent justement d’une dimension fantasmatique originaire orientée vers la contenance pour la fille, vers la contestation de la demande de l’Autre pour le garçon.
A Mobile Science Index for Development
Authors: Canessa E. , Zennaro M.
Published: January 2012

A simple Mobile Science Potentiality Index (mSPI) is introduced as a barometer reflecting a new signal of world development through the capacity for a interconnected community to participate collectively in, and carry out, scientific studies using mobile devices. The mSP Index could be a new signal for world development.
Mainstreaming of Mobile Assistive Technology: Expertsâ?? Thoughts and Opinions
Authors: Kouroupetroglou Christos , Tektonidis Dimitris , Koumpis Adamantios , Ignatiadis Ioannis
Published: January 2012

This paper presents the outcomes from the interviews with experts and stakeholders that took part under the study on e-Accessibility2020[1] (â??Study on Implications from Future ICT Trends on Assistive Technology and Accessibility
The Importance of Social Media for Commerce. A Case Study in Madeira (Portugal)
Authors: Garcia Medina Irene , Correia Pereira Pedro Alvaro
Published: January 2012

The continuity and the success of organizations appear increasingly associated with the incorporation of social media. The success depends of the structural and procedural changes that the organization has to make. Today, social media are the new digital marketing tools that help in the processes of communication. Companies need to understand that they are no longer the exclusive owners of the relation of consumers with their products/services; instead, the survival of the organizations depends of the effective utilization of the social media. Creative and innovative solutions are not necessarily too expensive and the internet ends up being one of the best marketing tools available for the organizations. In a more transparent and dynamic world, consumers trust other people to provide advice and recommendations about products and services more and more through social media and it is important to know how and why social media influence organizations. This study analyzes through a literature review the current importance of social media for digital marketing communication and shows a case study on traditional shops that use social media to obtain competitive advantages over shopping centers in Funchal (Madeira, Portugal). To finish, the study proposes a new model of business for successful marketing strategies. Also, the article explains how to manage the changes associated and how collaborators need to get used to working in a wider and more dynamic community.