bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conceptualization of Dental Caries by Undergraduate Dental Students from the First to the Last Year
Authors: Ferreira-Nóbilo Naiara de Paula , Sousa Maria da Luz Rosário de , Cury Jaime Aparecido
Published: April 2014

Dental caries, still one of the most common diseases affecting people around the world, has a multifactorial nature encompassing necessary (biofilm accumulation), determinant (exposure to sugars and fluoride) and modulating factors (biological and social). The concepts about caries learned at dental schools may directly influence the conduct of the future dentists regarding the control and treatment of this disease. The aim of this study was to determine the concept that students at the Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Brazil, have about dental caries. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 274 students answered the discursive question “Conceptualize dental caries”. Students' answers were analyzed by a content analysis technique that allowed the creation of response categories and classification of the concepts in categories. Frequencies were expressed as absolute numbers and percentages. Differences between the responses according to the students' class years were tested by the chi-square test. Differences with p<0.05 were considered statistically significant. The response categories were: biological concept (53.6%), restrictive multifactorial concept (12.1%), comprehensive multifactorial concept (8.1%), transmissibility concept (15.8%), and other (10.4%). Differences in response category frequencies were seen between the class years (p<0.001). There was no consensus on the disease definition, although students predominantly had a biological concept of dental caries.
Carotid body tumor: retrospective analysis on 22 patients
Authors: Casarim André Luís Maion , Tincani Alfio José , Del Negro André , Aguiar Camila Guimarães , Fanni Renato Ventura , Martins Antonio Santos
Published: April 2014

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Carotid body tumors, or chemodectomas, are the most common head and neck paragangliomas, accounting for 80% of the cases. They may present minor symptoms; however, they deserve special attention in order to achieve accurate diagnosis and adequate treatment. The objectives of this study were to show the approach towards chemodectomas and evaluate the complications of the patients treated surgically without previous embolization.DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective study on chemodectomas followed up at the Head and Neck Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Unicamp.METHODS: Twenty-two patients were evaluated between 1983 and 2009. The diagnosis was based on clinical findings and imaging methods. The epidemiological characteristics, lesion characteristics, diagnostic methods, treatment and complications were analyzed.RESULTS: The paragangliomas were classified as Shamblin I (9%), II (68.1%) and III (22.7%). Angiography, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography confirmed the diagnosis in 20 patients (90.9%). Five (22.7%) had significant bleeding during the surgery, while four (18.1%) had minor bleeding. Four patients (18.1%) developed neurological sequelae. Seven (31.8%) needed ligatures of the external carotid artery. Three patients (13.6%) underwent carotid bulb resection. The postoperative follow-up ranged from 3 months to 14 years without recurrences or mortality.CONCLUSIONS: In our experience and in accordance with the literature, significant bleeding and neurological sequelae may occur in chemodectoma cases, particularly in Shamblin III patients. The complications from treatment without previous embolization were similar to data in the literature data, from cases in which this procedure was applied prior to surgery.
Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire to Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Orlandi Aline Cristina , Cardoso Fernanda Pontes , Santos Lucas Macedo , Cruz Vaneska da Graça , Jones Anamaria , Kyser Cristiane , Natour Jamil
Published: April 2014

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE:Systemic sclerosis is an autoimmune disease characterized by abnormalities of vascularization that may cause fibrosis of the skin and other organs and lead to dysfunction. It is therefore essential to have tools capable of evaluating function in individuals with this condition. The aim of this study was to translate the Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire (SHAQ) into Portuguese, adapt it to Brazilian culture and test its validity and reliability.DESIGN AND SETTING:The validation of SHAQ followed internationally accepted methodology, and was performed in university outpatient clinics.METHODS:SHAQ was translated into Portuguese and back-translated. In the cultural adaptation phase, it was applied to 20 outpatients. Items not understood by 20% of the patients were modified and applied to another 20 outpatients. Twenty patients were interviewed on two different occasions to determine the validity and reliability of the questionnaire: two interviewers on the first occasion and one interviewer 14 days later. To determine the external validity, comparisons were made with Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) and short form-36 (SF-36).RESULTS:In the interobserver evaluation, Pearson's correlation coefficient and the intraclass correlation coefficient were both 0.967. In the intraobserver evaluation, Pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.735 and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.687. Regarding external validity, SHAQ scores were statistically correlated with all measurements, except the general health domain of SF-36 and the work-related score (Q2) of DASH.CONCLUSION:The Brazilian version of SHAQ proved to be valid and reliable for assessing function in patients with diffuse systemic sclerosis.
Methods of cognitive function investigation in the Longitudinal Study on Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)
Authors: Passos Valéria Maria de Azeredo , Caramelli Paulo , Benseñor Isabella , Giatti Luana , Barreto Sandhi Maria
Published: April 2014

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE:Many uncertainties concerning risk factors and evolution of cognitive disorders remain. We describe the methods and preliminary results from the investigation of the cognitive function in the Longitudinal Study on Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).DESIGN AND SETTING:Multicenter cohort study on public employees at six public teaching and research institutions.METHODS:The participants were interviewed and examined to obtain a broad range of social, clinical and environmental characteristics. The following standardized tools were used to assess memory, language and visuospatial and executive functions: words or figure memory test; semantic (animals) and phonemic (letter F) verbal fluency tests; and trail test B.RESULTS:15,101 out of 15,105 participants took the cognitive tests: 54% were women; the mean age was 51 years; and 52% had a university degree. 14,965 participants (99%) did the word test and 136 (1%) did the figure test due to low schooling level. The scores from the semantic verbal fluency tests (mean = 18.42 ± 5.29; median = 18 words) were greater than the scores from the phonemic verbal fluency tests (mean = 12.46 ± 4.5; median = 12 words). The median time taken to perform the trail test was 1.6 minutes.CONCLUSION:The large cohort size, of young age, and the extensive amount of clinical and epidemiological data available will make it possible to investigate the prognostic value of biological, behavioral, environmental, occupational and psychosocial variables over the short and medium terms in relation to cognitive decline, among adults and elderly people.
Hemorrhagic shock secondary to button battery ingestion
Authors: Takesaki Naomi Andreia , Reis Marcelo Conrado dos , Miranda Maria Luisa Ferreira de , Baracat Emílio Carlos Elias
Published: April 2014

CONTEXT:Button battery ingestion is a frequent pediatric complaint. The serious complications resulting from accidental ingestion have increased significantly over the last two decades due to easy access to gadgets and electronic toys. Over recent years, the increasing use of lithium batteries of diameter 20 mm has brought new challenges, because these are more detrimental to the mucosa, compared with other types, with high morbidity and mortality. The clinical complaints, which are often nonspecific, may lead to delayed diagnosis, thereby increasing the risk of severe complications.CASE REPORT:A five-year-old boy who had been complaining of abdominal pain for ten days, was brought to the emergency service with a clinical condition of hematemesis that started two hours earlier. On admission, he presented pallor, tachycardia and hypotension. A plain abdominal x-ray produced an image suggestive of a button battery. Digestive endoscopy showed a deep ulcerated lesion in the esophagus without active bleeding. After this procedure, the patient presented profuse hematemesis and severe hypotension, followed by cardiorespiratory arrest, which was reversed. He then underwent emergency exploratory laparotomy and presented a new episode of cardiorespiratory arrest, which he did not survive. The battery was removed through rectal exploration.CONCLUSION:This case describes a fatal evolution of button battery ingestion with late diagnosis and severe associated injury of the digestive mucosa. A high level of clinical suspicion is essential for preventing this evolution. Preventive strategies are required, as well as health education, with warnings to parents, caregivers and healthcare professionals.
Práticas integrativas e complementares e relação com promoção da saúde: experiência de um serviço municipal de saúde
Authors: Lima Karla Morais Seabra Vieira , Silva Kênia Lara , Tesser Charles Dalcanale
Published: April 2014

Tomam-se como objeto as práticas integrativas e complementares (PIC) desenvolvidas em um serviço de referência na região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte/MG, Brasil. O estudo analisa a organização das práticas desenvolvidas nesse serviço, tendo como foco analítico sua relação com a promoção da saúde e sua inserção no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Os resultados indicam que as práticas podem ser recursos úteis na promoção da saúde, especialmente por estabelecerem uma nova compreensão do processo saúde-doença, de caráter mais holístico e empoderador. Contudo, para potencializá-las no campo da promoção da saúde e do cuidado no SUS, é preciso superar os desafios da sua organização e expansão nos serviços, como aproximar os profissionais dos serviços de referência e de apoio especializados em PIC da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), construindo um campo comum de cuidado.
Midiatização do crack e estigmatização: corpos habitados por histórias e cicatrizes
Authors: Romanini Moises , Roso Adriane
Published: April 2014

Neste artigo propomos uma análise das experiências de usuários de crack em relação ao próprio corpo, sensações e histórias relacionadas ao uso da droga. Baseados nas pressuposições metodológicas da Hermenêutica de Profundidade, observação participante e grupos focais foram conduzidos em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial para usuários de álcool e outras drogas. A análise foi apoiada por autores da sociologia, psicologia social e psicanálise. Nos discursos dos profissionais da saúde, usuários de crack e da mídia de massa, foi confirmada a reprodução e manutenção das relações de dominação entre homens e mulheres. O corpo do usuário é alvo de categorizações sociais e acaba sendo colado à identidade de usuário de crack. Outro aspecto relevante observado foi que os usuários de crack apresentaram um pensamento crítico contra os discursos hegemônicos sobre drogas veiculados nos meios de comunicação.
Ética e comprometimento do profissional da saúde pós-reestruturação produtiva numa região metropolitana do sul do Brasil
Authors: Gomes Doris , Ramos Flávia Regina Souza
Published: April 2014

Este artigo analisa a relação entre ética e comprometimento do profissional da saúde, pós-reestruturação produtiva. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo exploratório-descritiva com trinta profissionais (médicos, enfermeiros e odontólogos) de uma região metropolitana do sul do Brasil. O debate sobre ética em torno do comprometimento desvelado no discurso profissional parece peça-chave na contemporaneidade e mantém relação com alguns aspectos das transformações contemporâneas, com o tradicional compromisso beneficente-paternalista das profissões e com as diferentes lógicas no mix público-privado. Quando o profissional não consegue lidar subjetiva e coletivamente com situações que comprometem a ética no trabalho, abre-se espaço ao sofrimento moral. A busca por um humano que não se perceba isolado do todo, mas como um sujeito que pensa e que pode construir um diferencial ético no seu trabalho, “gentificado” e comprometido, parece significativa para a construção da qualidade e excelência no serviço em saúde.
Consultório de/na rua: desafio para um cuidado em verso na saúde
Authors: Londero Mário Francis Petry , Ceccim Ricardo Burg , Bilibio Luiz Fernando Silva
Published: April 2014

Este artigo discute práticas de cuidado do Consultório de/na rua, serviço que se delineia no Sistema Único de Saúde, destinado à atenção às pessoas em situação de rua. A intenção é problematizar as estratégias de acolhimento e cuidado em saúde, bem como as diretrizes ou valores desse trabalho, muitas vezes destoantes entre si, como: as ações programadas de rastreamento e autoridade moral sobre pessoas com vida na rua e as ações disruptivas do modelo urbano de cidade saudável e segura, para uma forte inclusão de pessoas que, por variados motivos, levam esse tipo de vida. Como recurso de análise, estão diários de campo escritos pelos trabalhadores de um desses consultórios – localizado em Porto Alegre, Brasil – que, em seu cotidiano, percorrem as ruas e redes de saúde e intersetorial com todas as suas dificuldades e potências.
Cattell’s Personality Factor Questionnaire (CPFQ): Development and Preliminary Study
Authors: Primi Ricardo , Ferreira-Rodrigues Carla Fernanda , Carvalho Lucas de Francisco
Published: April 2014

This study was aimed at: (a) developing an instrument for personality assessment according to Cattell’s model, in which the 16PF is based on; and (b) carrying out an empirical analysis of the internal structure of the instrument. Three hundred and forty seven people, mostly female (67.4%), attending higher education (62.5%) and aged between 16 and 66 (M = 25.69;SD = 8.90) participated in the study. One hundred and twenty items were created and an exploratory factor analysis of the main factors was carried out. Then, a parallel analysis, an exploratory full information factor analysis with categorical variables and an internal consistency analysis were performed. The results suggest that the instrument is composed of 12 factors of reasonable internal consistency rates. The model developed by Cattell helped to understand the structural organization found for the instrument, since there is coherency, especially in relation to more general terms (global factors).
Assessment of Distress Among Chemotherapy Patients: A Comparative Study of Gender
Authors: Bergerot Cristiane Decat , Araujo Tereza Cristina Cavalcanti Ferreira de , Tróccoli Bartholomeu Tôrres
Published: April 2014

The aim of this study was to evaluate, analyze and understand distress levels experienced during chemotherapy treatment, comparing men and women. The sample was composed of 328 patients recruited from an Oncology center. Data collection included the application of the Distress Thermometer at three stages of chemotherapy: beginning, middle and end. Incidence of distress decreased in both genders over the course of assessments. Comparatively, the incidence was higher among women, who also reported the highest number of problems in the practical, family, emotional, spiritual and physical domains. The results corroborate the international literature on the subject. Clinical interest of systematic assessment of distress was confirmed to develop routines of therapeutic monitoring adapted to the specific needs of cancer patients.
Coping Strategies Among Brazilian Pregnant Women Living With HIV
Authors: Faria Evelise Rigoni de , Gonçalves Tonantzin Ribeiro , Carvalho Fernanda Torres de , Lopes Rita de Cássia Sobreira , Piccinini Cesar Augusto
Published: April 2014

Pregnant women living with HIV (PWLH) face tremendous challenges in order to prevent their babies’ infection. Coping is a potential buffer against negative outcomes from these challenges. This study aims to describe coping strategies of PWLH. This cross-sectional survey involved 77 PWLH from a public health care center in Brazil. Coping was measured for three types of strategies: Problem-focused, Emotion-focused, and Relationship support. Multivariate analyses identified some coping predictors. Being employed, reporting religious practice and higher CD4/immunity were associated with Problem-focused coping. Lower educational level was associated with Emotion-focused strategies. Relationship support strategies were more likely to be reported by PWLH who had good social support, who had disclosed HIV status to the baby’s father, and who knew their infection before pregnancy. Findings underline the need for HIV interventions focused on social support and participation by the baby’s father, with particular attention to those PWLH who were recently diagnosed and economically vulnerable.
Emergence of Reading and Writing in Illiterate Adults After Matching-to-Sample Tasks
Authors: Bandini Carmen Silvia Motta , Bandini Heloisa Helena Motta , Sella Ana Carolina , Souza Deisy das Graças de
Published: April 2014

Reading and writing are behaviors that provide an individual with the opportunity for inclusion in many social environments. Despite the importance of these behaviors, statistical indices show that, in Brazil, 8.6% of the people aged 15-24 are illiterate. The purpose of this manuscript, which is divided into two studies, was to assess the effects of a Portuguese language reading curriculum for simple (Study 1) and complex words (Study 2) in illiterate adults. Four participants took part in each study. In both studies, reading was taught mainly by training dictated words to printed words relations. Overall, there was an increase in the percentage of correct responses in reading and writing tasks when pre-tests and post-tests were compared; results were more consistent in reading tasks. Future studies should continue to investigate procedures with these goals for this population.
Criteria of Progress in Child Psychotherapies According to Psychotherapists
Authors: Guimarães Lilian Pereira de Medeiros , Yoshida Elisa Medici Pizão
Published: April 2014

This study aimed to perform a survey with psychotherapists, regarding the criteria they consider relevant to measure the progress of children in psychotherapy and whether the criteria indicated by them differ according to the therapist’s theoretical approach. Therapists were contacted electronically and answered a questionnaire composed of items with criteria of positive change present in the literature. Participants were 154 child therapists from different regions of Brazil. The analysis regarding the criteria of positive change that the participants indicated and their theoretical approach suggested that, despite the theoretical differences, in practice psychotherapists seem to adopt similar criteria to interpret progress in child psychotherapies. The criteria mentioned may be useful for a better systematization of the psychotherapy techniques for children. However, due to the lack of elements to evaluate the sample’s representativeness, caution is advised in generalizing the results.
Love and Marital Quality in Romantic Relationships Mediated and Non-Mediated by Internet
Authors: Haack Karla Rafaela , Falcke Denise
Published: April 2014

Love is one of the most desired feelings by human beings. According to the triangular theory of love, it is composed of three elements: intimacy, passion and decision/commitment, which constitutes a dimension related to the quality of love the partners perceive in their relationship. This study aims to compare the three elements of love and marital quality of 86 Internet users (43 in a relationship mediated by the Internet and 43 with a physical relationship). The results indicate that there is a significant difference in the intimacy, the decision/commitment and the whole dimension of love, as well as in the marital quality between partners who have a relationship mediated by Internet and the ones in a physical relationship. We can conclude that the Internet is a great tool for people to meet, but that it is important for the relationship to develop in a face-to-face context.
The Defense of Socio-Educational Internment: Feature of the Hygienist Principles
Authors: Feitosa Juliana Biazze , Boarini Maria Lúcia
Published: April 2014

Youth violence and interventions to affront it are the focus of our scientific research. The aim of this study is evaluate the existence of the aspects contained in the justifications of hygienism judgments of teenagers who meet admission youth work. In this sense, we 21 sentences that determined the internment and its supporting materials which makes up the judicial process of teenagers that have entered the year 2010 in the Center of Socio-education II in Cascavel Paraná State. The results led us to conclude that nowadays, notwithstanding the Children and Adolescent, we are still, by judicial determination, removing the Teen Delinquency situation and closed the judicial term returning it to the same context from which it was withdrawn. Enshrined due differences in shape and time note this routing aspects of the ideology of mental hygiene and the minor doctrine.
Crescimento e conteúdo de prolina em plântulas de guandu submetidas a estresse osmótico e à putrescina exógena
Authors: Monteiro Juliana Geseíra , Cruz Flávio José Rodrigues , Nardin Mariana Batista , Santos Durvalina Maria Mathias dos
Published: April 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito da aplicação da poliamina putrescina no acúmulo de prolina e no crescimento inicial de plântulas de guandu cultivadas sob estresse hídrico ou salino, e avaliar se esta poliamina pode ser usada como atenuadora desses estresses. Sementes de duas cultivares de guandu, BRS Mandarim e Caqui, foram germinadas em caixas gerbox forradas com papel de filtro umedecido com 0,0, -0,2, -0,3, -0,4, -0,5 MPa de PEG 6000 ou 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 e 120 mmol L-1 de NaCl, na ausência (0 mmol L-1) ou na presença (0,5 mmol L-1) de putrescina. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 2x5x2 e 2x6x2 (duas cultivares, cinco níveis de deficiência hídrica ou seis níveis de estresse salino, e presença ou ausência de putrescina), com quatro repetições. O crescimento das plântulas é acentuadamente reduzido pelas condições de restrição hídrica e salinidade. A putrescina exógena incrementa, sob ambos os estresses, os teores de prolina nas plântulas de guandu, especialmente na cultivar BRS Mandarin, e atenua os efeitos da deficiência hídrica moderada nas cultivares estudadas. Os estresses de restrição hídrica e de salinidade causam acúmulo de prolina na parte aérea e nas raízes de ambas as cultivares. A prolina pode ser considerada um bom indicador bioquímico e fisiológico desses estresses em plântulas de guandu.
Diversidade genética de Xylella fastidiosa em regiões produtoras de citros na Bahia
Authors: Casais Vinicius Oliveira , Patrocínio Epaminondas do , Oliveira Saulo Alves Santos de , Schnadelbach Alessandra Selbach , Barbosa Cristiane de Jesus , Barbosa Luciana Veiga
Published: April 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, por meio de marcadores SSR, a diversidade genética de Xylella fastidiosa no Estado da Bahia. Foram estudadas duas das principais regiões produtoras de citros no Estado, o Litoral Norte e o Recôncavo Sul. Para fins comparativos, utilizaram-se dez amostras provenientes do Estado de São Paulo. Foram empregados os seguintes iniciadores: ASSR20, OSSR9, OSSR17, CSSR4, CSSR12 e CSSR20, dos quais os quatro últimos permitiram identificar 22 loci polimórficos. As populações de X. fastidiosa presentes em citros no Estado da Bahia apresentam elevada diversidade genética, com base nos marcadores SSR, com pools gênicos distintos e agrupamento geográfico. No Litoral Norte, as populações do isolado apresentam maior diversidade genética do que as da região do Recôncavo Sul da Bahia.
Carboidratos foliares durante a floração e os estádios iniciais de crescimento de frutilhos em tangerineira 'Ponkan'
Authors: Moreira Rodrigo Amato , Cruz Maria do Céu Monteiro da , Fagundes Miriã Cristina Pereira , Pantoja Lílian de Araújo , Santos Alexandre Soares dos
Published: April 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os teores de carboidratos foliares em tangerineira 'Ponkan' (Citrus reticulata), durante o pleno florescimento e os estádios iniciais de crescimento dos frutilhos, e identificar a melhor época para realização do raleio químico. O experimento foi realizado durante dois anos de produção (2009/2010 e 2010/2011), com quatro épocas de amostragem de folhas: 0, 30, 60 e 90 dias após o pleno florescimento. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas no tempo, quatro repetições e quatro plantas por parcela. Para determinar a utilização dos carboidratos pelas plantas, foram avaliados os teores de açúcares solúveis, açúcares redutores e amido na matéria seca das folhas. Nas mesmas épocas de amostragem foliar, o tamanho dos frutilhos também foi determinado. Os teores foliares de carboidratos solúveis aumentam e os de amido diminuem entre 35 e 50 dias após o pleno florescimento. No final da fase de fixação dos frutilhos, a partir dos 50 dias após o pleno florescimento, os teores de açúcares solúveis nas folhas diminuem. A melhor época para a realização do raleio químico em tangerineira 'Ponkan' é logo após a fase de queda fisiológica, quando os frutilhos atingirem cerca de 18 mm de diâmetro, aos 50 dias após o pleno florescimento.
Estimativa de repetibilidade para caracteres de qualidade de frutos de laranjeira-doce
Authors: Negreiros Jacson Rondinelli da Silva , Andrade-Neto Romeu de Carvalho , Miqueloni Daniela Popim , Lessa Lauro Saraiva
Published: April 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o coeficiente de repetibilidade de características de qualidade do fruto de laranjeira-doce (Citrus sinensis) e o número mínimo de avaliações capaz de proporcionar níveis de certeza da predição do valor real dos genótipos. Foram avaliados, em cinco safras, 39 genótipos de laranjeira-doce, coletados em nove municípios do Estado do Acre. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. Foram avaliados: massa média de frutos, rendimento de suco, espessura de casca, sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez total (AT), relação SS/AT e índice tecnológico. Para a estimativa dos coeficientes de repetibilidade, foram utilizados os métodos da análise de variância, dos componentes principais e da análise estrutural. Todos os caracteres avaliados mostraram variabilidade, exceto o rendimento de suco. Os caracteres avaliados mostraram padrão cíclico, o que foi mais bem captado pelas metodologias multivariadas de estimativa do coeficiente de repetibilidade. São necessárias 15 avaliações para determinar, com 90% de certeza, os caracteres espessura de casca e sólidos solúveis, e 11, 6, 3, 2 e 1 avaliações, respectivamente para massa média de fruto, acidez total, índice tecnológico, rendimento de suco e relação SS/AT.
Identidade de modelos não lineares para comparar curvas de crescimento de bovinos da raça Tabapuã
Authors: Carneiro Antonio Policarpo Souza , Muniz Joel Augusto , Carneiro Paulo Luiz Souza , Malhado Carlos Henrique Mendes , Martins-Filho Raimundo , Silva Fabyano Fonseca e
Published: April 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso de teste de identidade de modelos não lineares, na comparação de curvas de crescimento de bovinos da raça Tabapuã, de cinco regiões de produção do Nordeste do Brasil. Foram analisados dados de peso de 3.695 machos e 4.236 fêmeas, originários das regiões Maranhão, Gado Algodão, Mata Agreste, Sertão e Itapetinga-Valadares. Após ajuste do modelo Brody, aplicou-se o teste da razão de verossimilhança, com aproximação de qui-quadrado, para avaliar a igualdade de parâmetros de curvas de crescimento entre as regiões. O modelo reduzido, com igualdade da taxa de maturidade, com 14 parâmetros, foi o mais adequado para descrever o crescimento dos animais. As curvas de crescimento dos machos apresentaram taxas de maturidade em comum nas regiões de produção Gado Algodão e Mata Agreste, Maranhão e Itapetinga-Valadares, e Sertão. Para as fêmeas, as regiões com taxas de maturidade em comum foram: Mata Agreste e Sertão, Maranhão e Itapetinga-Valadares, e Gado Algodão. A utilização de uma única curva não é adequada para descrever o crescimento de bovinos da raça Tabapuã nas regiões estudadas.
Perfil de ácidos graxos da carne de novilhos europeus e zebuínos alimentados com milheto
Authors: Silva Rodrigo Medeiros da , Restle João , Missio Regis Luis , Lage Moacir Evandro , Pacheco Paulo Santana , Bilego Ubirajara Oliveira , Pádua João Teodoro , Fausto Daiane Aparecida
Published: April 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o perfil de ácidos graxos da carne de novilhos mestiços alimentados, em confinamento, com dietas contendo níveis crescentes de grão de milheto moído em substituição ao grão de milho moído. Foram utilizados 24 tourinhos mestiços europeus e 24 mestiços zebuínos, abatidos aos 24 meses de idade, após 96 dias de confinamento. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com os tratamentos em arranjo fatorial 4x2 (quatro dietas com 0, 33, 66 e 100% de milheto no concetrado e dois grupos genéticos) com seis repetições. O aumento dos níveis de grão de milheto na dieta elevou linearmente a participação dos ácidos graxos, araquídico (C20:0), heneicosanoico (C21:0), α-linolênico (C18:3 n-3) e dihomo-γ-linolênico (C20:3 n-6). Tourinhos europeus apresentaram carne com menor teor dos ácidos graxos, mirístico (C14:0), heneicosanoico (C21:0) e γ-linolênico (C18:3 n-6) do que tourinhos zebuínos. A concentração total de ácidos graxos saturados (45,2%), monoinsaturados (41,2%) e poli-insaturados (8,7%), e a relação monoinsaturados/saturados (1,09) e poli-insaturados/saturados (0,18) não foi alterada pelos grupos genéticos e pelas dietas. O aumento da percentagem de grão de milheto na dieta de tourinhos europeus ou zebuínos melhora a relação entre os ácidos graxos ω-6/ω-3.
Redução de fósforo em dietas para frangos com base em valores de equivalência da fitase
Authors: Naves Luciana de Paula , Rodrigues Paulo Borges , Bertechini Antônio Gilberto , Lima Eduardo Machado Costa , Teixeira Levy do Vale , Alvarenga Renata Ribeiro , Nardelli Nicole Batelli de Souza , Oliveira David Henrique de , Oliveira Marcelo Henrique de
Published: April 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso de valores de equivalência da fitase como base para redução de fósforo disponível (P-disp) em dietas para frangos. Foram avaliados dez planos nutricionais com seis repetições de 15 aves cada uma. Avaliaram-se: desempenho, teor de cinzas na tíbia e custo da ração. De 1 a 7 e de 36 a 42 dias de idade, as aves receberam dieta basal; de 8 a 21 dias, dieta sem fitase contendo 3,9 g kg-1 de P-disp e quatro dietas com fitase contendo de 1,1 a 2,5 g kg-1 de P-disp; e de 22 a 35 dias, dieta sem fitase contendo 3,4 g kg-1 de P-disp mais dieta com fitase contendo 1,6 g kg-1 de P-disp. O melhor plano nutricional foi composto pelas dietas: 4,7 g kg-1 de P-disp sem fitase (1 a 7 dias); 2,0 g kg-1 de P-disp suplementada com fitase (8 a 21 dias); 3,4 g kg-1 de P-disp em ração sem fitase (22 a 35 dias); e 3,0 g kg-1 de P-disp em ração sem fitase (36 a 42 dias). A redução do P-disp ocorre no período de 8 a 21 dias de idade e corresponde a 2,0 g kg-1 de ração suplementada com fitase.
A revista Ciência Hoje das Crianças no letramento escolar: a retextualização de artigos de divulgação científica
Authors: Almeida Sheila Alves de , Giordan Marcelo
Published: April 2014

Este trabalho trata da compreensão de como o discurso das crianças (re)produz artigos da revista Ciência Hoje das Crianças na sala de aula. Para tanto, foi analisado um episódio em que as crianças relatam textos lidos. A perspectiva teórico-metodológica de análise inspira-se nas concepções de Bakhtin acerca da interação verbal e na análise microgenética. Foram registradas cenas de trabalho em aulas de ciências com crianças na faixa etária entre 9 e 10 anos (4º ano do Ensino Fundamental) de uma escola pública da rede municipal da cidade de Belo Horizonte. Observou-se que os discursos das crianças contêm aspectos da linguagem de divulgação científica e da oralidade. A forma de organização da aula em torno de uma revista de divulgação científica, em suporte original, resultou em retextualizações com evidências sobre a compreensão dos textos de divulgação científica, seja por suas características informativas, seja por sua natureza narrativa. Além disso, a análise da interação entre oralidade e escrita na atividade de relato de leitura evidenciou que as crianças utilizam os textos de divulgação científica ora como prática discursiva, ora como objeto, o que foi relacionado ao desenvolvimento da competência de metalinguagem. Nessa perspectiva, a retextualização constitui uma prática de letramento que possibilita a expressão de conhecimentos, a construção de ideias e a habilidade de uso de uma linguagem explicativa.
Responses of periphytic diatoms to mechanical removal of Pistia stratiotes L. in a hypereutrophic subtropical reservoir: dynamics and tolerance
Authors: Faria D. Matias de , Guimarães ATB. , Ludwig TAV.
Published: April 2014

The Itaqui reservoir in Paraná state, southern Brazil, is dominated by the floating macrophyte Pistia stratiotes L. and is used for recreation and irrigation. The reservoir's excessive plant cover suggests an extreme trophic state and interferes with multiple uses. The aims of this study were to determine the trophic state of the reservoir water and to document the limnological conditions and the composition of the periphytic diatom community before and after the mechanical removal of macrophytes. As each diatom species has certain autoecological requirements in a given geographic area, another objective of the study was to identify diatoms that can be considered tolerant of the reservoir's trophic state in a substropical environment. Local water samples collected for physical and chemical analyses, including estimates of chlorophyll a, showed the hypereutrophic status of the reservoir before and after macrophyte removal. Environmental conditions exceeded acceptable values for fishing and irrigation, providing a clear example of how the inadequate management of water resources can directly reduce their usefulness. Trimestral sampling was carried out between May 2008 and February 2009. For quantitative analyses, biofilms were scrubbed off glass slides submerged for 30 days at a depth of approximately 40 cm. Diatom samples were cleaned with potassium permanganate and hydrochloric acid and mounted on permanent slides with Naphrax. All individuals found in random transects under three replicates were identified and counted up to a minimum of 600 valves. Thirteen species tolerant of eutrophication were selected. Four species mostly known from low-nutrient sites may be considered tolerant of eutrophic conditions. The composition of the diatom community was influenced by seasonal changes in temperature and rainfall. Canonical Correspondence Analyses confirmed a correlation between higher diatom densities and the increased photic zone following macrophyte removal.
Management of fishing of the Broadband Anchovy (Anchoviella lepidentostole) (Fowler, 1911), in south São Paulo State, Brazil
Authors: Mendonça JT. , Sobrinho RP.
Published: April 2014

The broadband anchovy (Anchoviella lepidentostole) is one of the most important fishery resources for economic and social development of Iguape City and for the whole of the south coast of São Paulo state. Nowadays this activity involves over 2,500 fishermen. This paper aims to evaluate its fishing, and discuss how the activity is managed. In order to conduct this study, production data and catch per unit effort (CPUE) data from the 1998-2000 period have been collected, and the characterisation of the activity has also been done. A decline in broadband anchovy abundance had been observed in the region up until 2004, when a new regulation was implemented, in an attempt to recover the resource, with the establishment of closed season fishing (defeso) during the catch season, and adjustments in the employed fishing gear. The results have shown a recovery of the abundance of broadband anchovy throughout the 2005-2010 period, showing thus far that the measures taken for the maintenance of the resource have been successful. The activity has been managed through discussions involving people from the fishing sector in order to determine the controversial actions to be taken, that are hard to enforce. In order to achieve a more satisfactory resource management, it is necessary to keep the participatory process, with adaptive co-management, based on discussion among all the sectors involved (from government and society), and constant monitoring of the activity.
Assessing fish assemblages similarity above and below a dam in a Neotropical reservoir with partial blockage
Authors: Araújo FG. , Santos ABI. , Albieri RJ.
Published: April 2014

Damming rivers disrupts the water flow and changes the ichthyofauna organisation. We investigated an impoundment with permanent connection and homogeneous environmental conditions between the zones above and below the dam. Temperature was comparatively higher during wet season irrespective of zone, and both zones had higher dissolved oxygen, conductivity and transparency in the dry season. A total of 1687 individuals comprising 27 species were collected in the downriver zone, while the reservoir had 879 individuals and 23 species. Each zone had different fish assemblage composition and structure, but assemblages were not explained by the examined environmental variables (r2 = 0.08; p = 0.307). Migratory species such as Pimelodus maculatus, Pimelodus fur, Leporinus copelandii and Prochilodus lineatus were the most affected, and probably are prevented to perform upriver migrations. On the other hand, lentic adapted species such as G. brasiliensis, Hoplias malabaricus and Hoplosternum littorale successfully colonised the reservoir. Therefore we conclude that the presence of the lateral hydrological connectivity alone does not guarantee the ecological connectivity since fish assemblage similarity differed between the two zones. Fish passage facilities should be monitored and managed to evaluate and improve their functionality.
Feeding activity and influence of intraspecific competition on zooplankton communities by jundiá (Rhamdia quelen Quoy and Gaimard, 1824) in laboratory
Authors: Brandão-Gonçalves L. , Sebastien NY.
Published: April 2014

Experiments were designed to determine if the juvenile forms of jundia (Rhamdia quelen) exhibit selectivity feeding on zooplanktonic organisms and the influence of intraspecific competition on the diet. The fish were maintained in 5000-L containers, and after seven days from birth, they were acclimated in experimental units with different densities and supplied with water containing plankton (natural), where they remained for 24 h in the environment with food. In the first seven days at densities of 5 and 10 fish.L–1, the fish selected the Rotifera more intensely, and at densities of 20 and 40 fish.L–1, the Cladocera were more selected. At 14 days of age, the Cladocera were the most selected for all densities of fish. At 21 days of age, the juvenile forms of jundia maintained a preference for Cladocera, and there was an increase in the capture of Copepoda at a density of 40 fish.L–1. At 28 days of age, the Cladocera were the most captured at densities of 5 to 20 fish.L–1, and the consumption of copepods increased at a density of 40 fish.L–1. The juvenile forms of Rhamdia quelen showed a high feeding preference for Cladocera at all the ages tested (7, 14, 21 and 28 days), but the density of fish per litre influenced the capture of the preferential food. This study showed that the juvenile forms of jundia had a more rapid response to the presence of food at densities of more than 10 fish.L–1, and that at higher densities the fish decreased interactions of territorial defense and formed schools, which allowed the foraging of zooplanktonic organisms, larger in size, more agile and of greater energy gain, such as the Cladocera and copepods.
First molecular detection of co-infection of honey bee viruses in asymptomatic Bombus atratus in South America
Authors: Reynaldi FJ. , Sguazza GH. , Albicoro FJ. , Pecoraro MR. , Galosi CM.
Published: April 2014

Pollination is critical for food production and has the particularity of linking natural ecosystems with agricultural production systems. Recently, losses of bumblebee species have been reported worldwide. In this study, samples from a commercial exploitation of bumblebees of Argentina with a recent history of deaths were studied using a multiplex PCR for the detection of the honey bee viruses most frequently detected in South America. All samples analysed were positive for co-infections with Deformed wing virus, Black queen cell virus and Sacbrood virus. This is the first report of infection of Bombus atratus with honey bee viruses. A better understanding of viral infections in bumblebees and of the epidemiology of viruses could be of great importance as bumblebees can serve as possible viral reservoirs, resulting in pathogen spillover towards honey bees and native bumblebees.
Population structure of the bivalve Anomalocardia brasiliana, (Gmelin, 1791) in the semi-arid estuarine region of northeastern Brazil
Authors: Rodrigues AML , Borges-Azevedo CM , Costa RS , Henry-Silva GG
Published: April 2014

For several decades, the bivalve mollusk Anomalocardia brasiliana has been extracted in estuarine areas in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil. However, information on both dynamics and abundance of their populations are missing. In this context, the present study, therefore, investigated several aspects of the population structure of A. brasiliana on beaches near the estuary of the Apodi River in Northeast Brazil. The aims were to determine the population density of A. brasiliana during different times of the year, to estimate population parameters, and to relate species density and distribution to the abiotic characteristics of the region. Sampling was performed from March/2007 and May/2008, we collected samples of sediments and mollusks along 180 m transects in the intertidal area on the beaches Barra and Pernambuquinho, Grossos - RN. At each sampling site, samples of sediments and mollusks were collected in the intertidal area along 180 m transects. The highest and lowest average densities on Pernambuquinho beach were 1148 (April/2007), and 100 individuals.m–2 (May/ 2008), respectively. On Barra beach, the highest and lowest densities were 1813 (April/2007) and 951 individuals.m–2, (November/2007), respectively. The densities of A. brasiliana on both beaches were significantly different only in the months of January, April and May/ 2008. Length of the individuals ranged from 1 to 28 mm, with most individuals measuring between 22 and 24 mm. Length growth rate parameters for A. brasiliana were L∞ = 28.68 mm and k = 0.61 year–1 on Barra beach, and L∞ = 29.87 mm and k = 0.48 year–1 on Pernambuquinho beach. The growth rate curves for A. brasiliana suggest the presence of three well defined cohorts, thus pointing to a continuous reproduction cycle with peak recruitment between October/2007 and March/2008. A. brasiliana density decreased predominantly during the heavy rains of 2008, probably due to an accumulation of sediments and decreasing salinity. This disturbance probably affected population of this species in the region.
Individual growth of Drepanotrema cimex (Pulmonata: Planorbidae) from Arenalcito pond, natural reserve multiple uses Martin García Island, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Martín-Stella M , Díaz-Ana C , Rumi A
Published: April 2014

The species of the genus Drepanotrema, most of them endemic to the Neotropical region, belong to the Planorbidae. Of the nine species of this genus, six are found in Argentina. The present investigation analysed the individual growth of Drepanotrema cimex in Arenalcito pond (34°11′ S, 58°15′ W), Martín García Island Natural Reserve of Multiple Uses, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. A total of 14 samples were collected (n = 1931) from February 2006 to June 2007. Five environmental variables were measured: water temperature, dissolved oxygen (mg L–1), electrical conductivity (µS cm–1), total dissolved solids, and pH. The individual growth of the species was analysed mathematically by means of the von Bertalanffy equation, where: Lt = 5,6(1-e–2,0592 (t–0,293)). The parameter L∞ was estimated by the Ford-Walford Method. The population of D. cimex was characterised by a complex and dynamic size structure throughout the annual cycle. The analysis of the curves revealed unimodal (2006) and polymodal (April to June 2007) distributions, which pattern served to identify the existence of cohorts within the population studied.
Ectoparasitic flies (Diptera, Streblidae) of bats (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) in an Atlantic Forest area, southeastern Brazil
Authors: França DS , Pereira SN , Maas ACS , Martins MA , Bolzan DP , Lima IP , Dias D , Peracchi AL
Published: April 2014

We studied infestation rates and parasite-host associations between streblid flies and phyllostomid bats in an Atlantic Forest area of Rio de Janeiro state, southeastern Brazil. We captured 301 individuals from seven Phyllostomidae bat species. Out of that total, 69 bats had been parasitised by nine Streblidae species; the most frequent species were Trichobius joblingi and Trichobius tiptoni. The species Paraeuctenodes longipes, associated with Anoura geoffroyi, was the most frequent species. The highest mean intensity was observed for Paraeuctenodes longipes, associated with A. geoffroyi, and Paratrichobius longicrus associated with Artibeus lituratus, both ectoparasite species with a mean intensity of five individuals per bat. Trichobius joblingi exhibited the highest mean abundance, which was over three on its host species. Streblid richness in the study area was similar to the richness found in other studies carried out in the Atlantic Forest. We observed that streblid richness in this biome depends more on inherent characteristics of each physiognomy and on the host-species than on the sampling effort.