bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Democratização da universidade pública e estudantes de primeira geração na UNESPAR
Authors: Pataro Ricardo Fernandes
Published: August 2019

O artigo apresenta pesquisa que traçou o perfil de estudantes dos cursos de graduação da Universidade Estadual do Paraná – UNESPAR/Campus de Campo Mourão no período de 2015 a 2018. Foram aplicados questionários a alunos ingressantes e desenvolvidos grupos focais com duas turmas do curso de Pedagogia do campus. O objetivo foi conhecer o estudante que ingressa na instituição e compreender suas dificuldades. Basicamente, verificamos que 75% dos estudantes do campus são alunos de primeira geração – os primeiros de suas famílias a ingressarem no ensino superior –, apresentam lacunas na aprendizagem e dificuldades diversas. Concluímos destacando a importância de conhecer os novos grupos sociais que ingressam no ensino superior brasileiro para consolidar políticas de acesso e permanência à universidade pública brasileira.
FUNGOS ENDOFÍTICOS ASSOCIADOS À PLANTA MEDICINAL CORAMA (Kalanchoe pinnata [LAM.] PERS.)
Authors: Souza Beatriz dos Santos , Oliveira Dinalva Ribeiro de , Rocha Fabiane Valéria Rêgo da , Canto Eveleise Samira Martins , Oliveira Deyla Paula de , DOS SANTOS TAIDES TAVARES
Published: August 2019

No presente estudo, é relatado pioneiramente o isolamento e identificação de fungos endofíticos associados às folhas da planta medicinal Corama (Kalanchoe pinnata [Lam.] Pers.). Coletas de material vegetal foram realizadas na Floresta Nacional do Tapajós, no estado do Pará, em período chuvoso e de estiagem. Após desinfecção da superfície, fragmentos (0,25 mm2) das folhas foram inoculados em meio de cultura Batata Dextrose Ágar (BDA) contendo cloranfenicol (0,1 μg/mL-1). Foram obtidos 86 isolados, que puderam ser agrupados em 33 tipos morfológicos (morfotipos). Por meio de taxonomia clássica, foi possível identificar 73,3% dos morfotipos obtidos: Aspergillus (26,7%), Chrysosporium (12,8%), Fusarium (11,6%), Acremonium (10,5%), Aureobasidium (7,0%), Cladosporium (3,5%) e Penicillium (1,2%). Esses grupos taxonômicos de fungos são os representantes mais frequentes da comunidade endofítica da Corama. Observou-se maior riqueza e diversidade de fungos em período chuvoso em relação ao período de estiagem. Além de contribuir para o conhecimento e preservação da biodiversidade de fungos da Amazônia, os espécimes obtidos neste estudo representam uma valiosa oportunidade para futura prospecção de fungos com atividades biológicas de interesse biotecnológico.

Palavras-chave: Interação fungo-planta; Micro-organismos endofíticos; Simbiose.
O ASSENTAMENTO LUAR DO SERTÃO NA CIDADE DE ANANÁS-TO:
Authors: Da Silva Gleison Mourão , Lopes Alberto Pereira
Published: August 2019

A criação dos assentamentos rurais no Brasil geralmente são frutos de intensas manifestações organizadas por trabalhadores rurais, que lutam pela reforma agrária e para que a constituição brasileira seja respeitada mediante aquelas terras que não estejam cumprindo sua função social, e estas sejam desapropriadas. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse trabalho é mostrar de forma contextualizada a luta dos trabalhadores rurais, e suas novas perspectivas de vida, em conjunto com a Comissão da Pastoral da Terra - CPT em relação á criação do Assentamento Luar do Sertão no município de Ananás. O Assentamento Luar do Sertão teve uma finalidade social ainda maior em relação à reforma agrária, que foi assentar trabalhadores e suas famílias que foram resgatadas vitimas da escravidão por dívida na região do bico do papagaio, destinando-lhes um lugar onde esses pudessem trabalhar e se estabelecer para garantir o sustento familiar.

Palavras Chave: Assentamentos; Trabalho; Futuro.
INFESTAÇÃO POR GALHAS FOLIARES EM Ouratea spectabilis (MART. EX ENGL.) ENGL. (OCHNACEAE) E SUA RELAÇÃO COM OS TEORES DE AÇÚCARES
Authors: Oliveira Francisco Guttemberg dos Santos , Scareli-Santos Claudia
Published: August 2019

Objetivou-se determinar a infestação por galhas em Ouratea spectabilis (Ochnaceae) e avaliar se os teores de açúcares nas folhas sadias, infestadas e nas galhas apresentam diferenças entre estas partes do vegetal nas estações seca e chuvosa. Foram amostrados 10 indivíduos infestados por galhas localizados na mata de galeria pertencente à EMVZ, UFT campus de Araguaína, foram coletados 50 ramos, medidos e divididos em três regiões, denominadas basal, mediana e apical, seguida da contagem do número total de folhas sadias e infestadas por regiões, e para quantificação dos açúcares. Os maiores percentuais de infestação por galhas foliares foram obtidos na região mediana do ramo, durante a estação seca, e na região apical no período chuvoso; foram observadas diferenças sazonais sendo que a infestação foi expressivamente maior em todas as categorias na estação seca. Os teores de açúcares foram significativamente superiores nas galhas das regiões basal e mediana dos ramos da estação seca e nas folhas sadias da região mediana da estação chuvosa. As folhas infestadas e galhas apresentaram maiores concentrações de açúcares na estação seca para as três regiões dos ramos.

Palavras-chave: Interação inseto-planta, Sazonalidade, Tocantins.
EXPRESSION ANALYSIS OF THE COFFE (Coffea arabica L.) FRIGIDA4-like GENE (CaFRL4)
Authors: Daude Matheus Martins , Lima André Almeida , Chalfun Junior Antonio , Barreto Horllys Gomes
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT

Coffee is one of the most economically important commodities. In Brazil, this crop is responsible for generating more than eight million jobs. In the foreign market, Brazil is the largest producer and exporter of coffee. Due to its economic importance, several studies aiming the improvement of coffee are conducted, but there are still problems related to its productivity and quality of the beverage, such as sequential flowering, which causes production losses and a low quality drink. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the flowering process is essential to elucidate how flowering occurs in the coffee crop. The FRI gene is one of the main genes involved in flowering, as it positively regulates the FLC gene at expression levels that inhibit flowering. Thus, the objective of this work was to identify and analyze the expression of the FRIGIDA4-like gene (FRL4) through Bioinformatics and real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). The CaFRL4 gene was identified and showed high expression levels in leaf during flowering, which corroborates with the literature. The results obtained provide the basis for future studies involving genetic transformation in model plants and coffee, permitting the functional characterization of this gene.
DETECÇÃO DE COBRE EMPREGANDO MÉTODOS VOLTAMÉTRICOS E ELETRODO DE BAIXO CUSTO
Authors: De Almeida Santos Marcelo Wanderley , Silvestre da Rocha Alexsandro , Brito Soares Denisia , Libanio Reis Santos Eduardo , Moron Sandro Estevan
Published: August 2019

Este trabalho foi premiado no 13° Seminário de Iniciação Científica da UFT, e objetiva monitorar água e tecidos de peixe utilizando um eletrodo de baixo custo (usando pilha descartada) e técnicas voltamétricas para detecção de cobre. As análises foram desenvolvidas no LABMADE (Laboratório de pesquisa em Materiais para Aplicações em Dispositivos Eletrônicos) localizado na Universidade Federal do Tocantins/Araguaína, por meio de um Potenciostato/Galvanostato. A presença de altos índices de metais na água não significa necessariamente que haverá danos aos organismos vivos, mas certamente indicam um estado de contaminação latente poderá levar a toxicidade. Nesse contexto, torna-se necessário monitorar os parâmetros de qualidade aquática e dos seres que o habitam.

Palavras-chave: Voltametria; Tecido; Eletrodo.
AVALIAÇÃO DAS CONDIÇÕES HIGIÊNICO-SANITÁRIAS DA COMERCIALIZAÇÃO DE PESCADO EM FEIRAS LIVRES DE PALMAS-TO
Authors: Martins de Paiva Maykon Jhuly , Dos Anjos Eduardo Sousa , Costa Raimundo Ferreira , Giraldo Zuniga Abraham Damian
Published: August 2019

As feiras livres são ambientes com características populares que comercializam  produtos de origem vegetal e animal,  na maioria dos casos sem controle do serviço de vigilância sanitária local. Os alimentos ficam expostos ao ar livre em condições adversas, em contato com possíveis contaminantes. O Brasil apresenta uma grande variedade de rios navegáveis, estes por sua vez são grandes produtores de pescado. O peixe e seus derivados são altamente consumidas pela população. No entanto o pescado quando armazenado de forma incorreta pode ser um potencial transmissor de DTA (Doenças transmitidas por alimentos). Já que sua deterioração pode ser acelerada. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar as condições higiênico-sanitárias da comercialização de pescado nas feiras livres de Palmas-TO.  Na realização dessa pesquisa foi analisado e aplicado chek list  e a avaliação dos aspectos sanitários foi realizada através de roteiro baseado na RDC nº 216 da ANVISA (Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária). Os resultados obtidos no trabalho demonstram problemas na maioria dos boxes de venda do pescado, em equipamentos, utensílios, local de armazenamento e higiene dos manipuladores. Diante disso é possível concluir que a venda de pescado em feiras de Palmas não atendem as condições mínimas de boas práticas de manipulação e higienização, o que pode colocar em risco a saúde dos consumidores, sendo considerado um problema grave de saúde pública.
AVALIAÇÃO DOS REGISTROS DE PROFILAXIA ANTIRRÁBICA HUMANA PÓS-EXPOSIÇÃO NO MUNICÍPIO DE ARAGUAÍNA, TOCANTINS, NO PERÍODO DE 2010 A 2012
Authors: Meneses Ana Maria Mendonça de , Tavares Débora Gonçalves , Alexandrino Bruna
Published: August 2019

A raiva é considerada uma zoonose de grande importância por ser uma enfermidade infecciosa caracterizada por encefalomielite fatal causada pelo vírus da família Rhabdoviridae. A principal forma de prevenção é a vacinação dos animais. Em humanos, quando há ocorrência de ataques por animais suspeitos de estarem acometidos pela enfermidade, é feita a vacinação pós-exposição. Este presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar fichas de atendimento antirrábico humano pós-exposição no município de Araguaína, no período de 2010 a 2012. Foram analisadas as fichas de todas pessoas que procuraram tratamento após terem sofrido algum tipo de acidente e que pudesse oferecer risco de contração da enfermidade. No período do estudo, foram notificados 1756 atendimentos por agravo com animais e administradas cerca de 1730 doses de vacina. Foram encontrados dados significativos em relação aos fatores estudados, sendo os homens mais frequentemente acometidos quando comparado com as mulheres. Referente à faixa etária, houve diferença estatística significativa quando comparado os adultos em relação aos idosos, sendo os adultos os mais acometidos. Os resultados comprovaram que existe muita demanda deste tipo de atendimento no município. Apesar do grande número de agravos não houve, neste período, cães, gatos ou seres humanos diagnosticados com raiva no município.
IDENTIDADE E JUVENTUDE: (RE)CONSTRUÇÃO E (RE)SIGNIFICAÇÃO DA IDENTIDADE QUILOMBOLA ENTRE JOVENS DA COMUNIDADE ADELAIDE MARIA TRINDADE BATISTA DE PALMAS-PARANÁ.
Authors: Pickler Indiamara Ferreira , Dos Santos Marques Sonia Maria
Published: August 2019

Este trabalho apresenta o resultado da pesquisa de Mestrado em Educação, realizada na comunidade quilombola Adelaide Maria Trindade Batista, de Palmas, Paraná. O objetivo geral foi conhecer e analisar como se dá o processo de construção de identidades pela juventude da Comunidade. Utilizamos como métodos de coleta de dados a observação participativa, diário de campo e entrevistas semiestruturadas, constituindo-se uma pesquisa de tipo etnográfico. A análise dos dados coletados se deu a partir do embasamento em referenciais teóricos que discutem identidade e diferença e suas formas de representação. A partir do conceito de juventude apontado pela própria comunidade, constatamos que os sujeitos definidos como jovens se auto reconhecem como remanescentes quilombola e preservam a cultura de seus antepassados através da religião católica e pela transmissão de memórias e costumes pelos membros mais velhos da comunidade. De acordo com as narrativas de membros mais velhos, os jovens e as jovens tem papel fundamental na continuidade da cultura e na conquista do território. A juventude é compreendida como uma fase de preparação para a vida adulta, de moratória social. Os resultados apontam que a identidade quilombola está intimamente relacionada com a escola, pois é na escola que se fomenta a todo momento a construção dessa identidade.
PENSANDO AS CONSTRUÇÕES HIPOTÉTICAS NA FALA GOIANA A PARTIR DE UMA PERSPECTIVA SOCIOCOGNITIVA
Authors: Reis Natália de Paula
Published: August 2019

Este artigo tem por objetivo investigar as construções hipotéticas entendidas como construtoras de espaços mentais e os contextos pragmáticos dessas construções. A investigação tem como base teórica o Funcionalismo e a Teoria dos Espaços Mentais (Fauconnier 1994; Fauconnier e Sweetser 1996, Fauconnier e Turner, 2002) e estudos sobre relação causal estabelecida entre a prótase e a apódose em condicionais (Dancygier e Sweetser, 2005, Ferrari 1999, 2000). O corpus de análise compreende os dados coletados pelos integrantes do Projeto Fala Goiana da Universidade Federal de Goiás, ao qual este estudo está associado. Os dados coletados confirmaram a hipótese de que o construtor se foi mais produtivo na fala goiana do que outros construtores hipotéticos como caso, quando, diz que, a menos que, e de que as construções hipotéticas evocadas por espaços condicionais e contrafactuais demonstraram, muitas vezes, a perspectiva do falante em relação ao ato de fala.
Challenges of Deep Learning for Crowd Analytics
Authors: Siraj Muhammad
Published: August 2019

In high population cities, the gatherings of large crowds in public places and public areas accelerate or jeopardize people safety and transportation, which is a key challenge to the researchers. Although much research has been carried out on crowd analytics, many of existing methods are problem-specific, i.e., methods learned from a specific scene cannot be properly adopted to other videos. Therefore, this presents weakness and the discovery of these researches, since additional training samples have to be found from diverse videos. This paper will investigate diverse scene crowd analytics with traditional and deep learning models. We will also consider pros and cons of these approaches. However, once general deep methods are investigated from large datasets, they can be consider to investigate different crowd videos and images. Therefore, it would be able to cope with the problem including to not limited to crowd density estimation, crowd people counting, and crowd event recognition. Deep learning models and approaches are required to have large datasets for training and testing. Many datasets are collected taking into account many different and various problems related to building crowd datasets, including manual annotations and increasing diversity of videos and images. In this paper, we will also propose many models of deep neural networks and training approaches to learn the feature modeling for crowd analytics.
INCLUSION OF MESQUITE POD MEAL (Prosopis juliflora) IN DIETS FOR NILE TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus) JUVENILES
Authors: NASCIMENTO Analene Alves , MELO José Fernando Bibiano , SOUZA Anderson Miranda de , Santos Teixeira MELO Fúlvio Viegas
Published: August 2019

Alternative feeds are used to include or replace conventional ingredients in fish diets to generate regional socioeconomic sustainability and maintain the growth performance of fish. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of mesquite pod meal (MPM) in extruded diets for Nile tilapia juveniles fed graded levels of inclusion (26, 32, 38, 44, and 50%). Growth performance variables of plasma metabolites, enzymatic activities and haematological parameters were evaluated. Fish were fed at 6% of biomass for 45 days. Four-hundred Nile tilapias juveniles (11.5 Â± 0.18 g) were distributed into twenty-500L aquaria in recirculation system. Significant differences of treatments on performance parameters, feed conversion ratio and survival were observed. Among the metabolic parameters, glycemia was altered (P <0.05). The activities of digestive and transamination enzymes were not influenced (P>0.05) by the inclusion of MPM. Hematological variables did not change (P>0.05). It was concluded that MPM can be included up to 38.67% in diets for Nile tilapia juveniles without impairing performance, metabolism, enzymatic activities and health.
PARASITE FAUNA OF TAMBAQUI REARED IN NET-CAGES AT TWO STOCKING DENSITIES
Authors: De Jesus BAIA Raimundo Rosemiro , Santos Gracienhe Gomes , Da Silva e SILVA Alasson , SOUSA Briani Oliveira , Tavares-DIAS Marcos
Published: August 2019

This study investigated the parasite fauna in Colossoma macropomum reared at two stocking densities in net-cages of a fish farm in the Matapi River, State of Amapá. Before stocking fish in the net-cages for fattening, fish were examined for parasites and also at the end of 90 and 180 days at densities of 50 and 100 fish m-3, respectively. All fish were parasitized by one or more species such as Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Piscinoodinium pillulare, Anacanthorus spathulatus, Mymarothecium boegeri, Notozothecium janauachensis, Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus and Acarina gen. sp., but the dominance was of I. multifiliis. Parasites presented aggregated dispersion pattern, and there were no differences in the fish relative condition factor between the densities used. There was positive correlation of I. multifiliis abundance and monogenean abundance with length and weight of the hosts. Before fish stocking, the mean intensity and mean abundance of I. multifiliis, A. spathulatus and M. boegeri were lowest when comparing fish at densities of 50 and 100 fish m-3, which were similar to each other. The mean intensity and mean abundance of N. janauachensis was highest in the density of 50 fish m-3 when comparing the fish before stocking and at a density of 100 fish m-Â³. The mean abundance of P. (S.) inopinatus was highest in fish kept at 100 fish m-3 when compared to fish before stocking and 50 fish m-3. However, P. pillulare and mites occurred only in density of 50 fish m-3. There was a predominance of ectoparasites and few endoparasites, as expected. Therefore, it is necessary the constant monitoring of the parasites, to better implement control strategies aiming to avoid the occurrence of diseases.
Contracaecum spp. (NEMATODA: ANISAKIDAE) AND Eustrongylides spp. (NEMATODA: DIOCTOPHYMATIDAE) NEMATODE LARVAE WITH ZOONOTIC POTENCIAL FOUND IN TWO FISH SPECIES FROM TRAMANDAÍ RIVER BASIN, SOUTHERN BRAZIL
Authors: LIMA Fábio , POZZA Alice , LEHMANN Pablo
Published: August 2019

Parasitic nematodes can infect both wild and cultivated fish species and may be the source of many diseases. The consumption of raw fish meat in many countries has been the responsible of nematode related zoonosis. Knowing the risk of consumption of contaminated fish by the local communities, the main goal of this paper is to quantify and report the presence of larvae with zoonotic potential of Contracaecum spp. and Eustrongylides spp. found in two exotic fish species from the Tramandaí­­ River Basin in southern Brazil. The sample sites were two lagoons of the basin, the Itapeva lagoon and Palmital lagoon, sampled in the period of April 2018. Forty specimens of Acestrorhynchus pantaneiro and twenty specimens of Trachelyopterus lucenai were examined. A. pantaneiro presented a 58% and 4% prevalence and a mean intensity of 3.17 and 1 for Contracaecum spp. and Eustrongylides spp., respectively. Meanwhile T. lucenai presented a prevalence of 70% and 5% and a mean intensity of 1.92 and 1 of Contracaecum spp. larvae and Eustrongylides spp. larvae, respectively. Although larvae of Contracaeucum spp. are reported only in the literature in experimental infections, they were able to complete their biological cycle in some mammals with certain pathogeneses. However, larvae of Eustrongylides spp. infect humans, as reported in the literature, causing severe damage to the intestinal tract. Knowing that local populations may be at risk, we recommend that all prophylactic measures be taken in relation to fish consumption. This study also contributes to the knowledge concerning the parasitic fauna of the host species studied.
GENETIC IMPLICATIONS OF RESTOCKING PROGRAMS ON WILD POPULATIONS OF STREAKED PROCHILOD Prochilodus lineatus
Authors: Hua Liu  IWERSEN Lin , Rodrigues de MELO Claudio Manoel , LAZOSKI Cristiano , Zaniboni-FILHO Evoy , RIBOLLI Josiane
Published: August 2019

Genetic diversity of wild and farmed populations is crucial, both for conservation of fish resources and fish culture development. To infer the genetic diversity and population structure of Streaked prochilod Prochilodus lineatus, individuals were sampled between 2007-2009 from four fish farms and from the Upper Uruguay River Basin, both in southern Brazil. Population structure was identified in both farmed and wild individuals through seven microsatellite loci. Bayesian analysis indicated three main groups, including two from fish farms. Pairwise genetic differentiation showed spatial structure between and within wild and farmed populations; however, the sampling design did not allow testing temporal structure according to isolation-by-time (IBT), which means that populations can breed within the same geographic distribaution, but reproduce at different times. Cultivated individuals presented lower diversity, allelic richness and effective population size, but higher inbreeding rates, compared to wild populations. These characteristics constitute warning signs against indiscriminate restocking of natural Prochilodus lineatus populations, a species sensitive to fragmented habitats, with farmed fish.
Outcomes and Complications After Repair of Complete Distal Biceps Tendon Rupture with the Cortical Button Technique
Authors: Huynh Tiffany , Leiter Jeff , MacDonald Peter B. , Dubberley James , Stranges Gregory , Old Jason , Marsh Jonathon
Published: August 2019

Background:

Numerous surgical techniques have been described for the repair of complete distal biceps tendon ruptures. However, the outcome of repair with cortical button fixation has not been extensively evaluated. The hypothesis of the present study was that elbow strength and range of motion would be less than normal after repair but that ongoing disability would be minimal as measured with use of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients with complete distal biceps tendon rupture that was repaired with cortical button fixation via a 1-incision anterior approach. Outcome was assessed on the basis of elbow range-of-motion and strength measurements, DASH scores, and radiographs of the operatively treated elbow. Descriptive statistics were generated for patient demographics and outcome variables. Strength was assessed with limb-symmetry index, and range of motion was evaluated with paired t tests.

Results:

Sixty male patients consented to this study. The average age at the time of follow-up was 49.6 ± 7.8 years, and the average time from injury to follow-up was 3.7 ± 1.7 years. The mechanism of injury included lifting heavy objects (62%) and sporting activities (25%). Elbow flexion and supination range of motion were not different between the operatively treated and contralateral arms. The operatively treated elbow demonstrated decreased flexion strength (96% of that on the contralateral side) and supination strength (91% of that on the contralateral side). The findings did not change when controlling for hand dominance. The mean DASH score was 7.9 ± 11.4, which is not significantly different from the normative value for the general population. Postoperative complications included heterotopic ossification (Brooker class I [29 patients] or II [5 patients]), neurapraxia (7 patients), and rerupture (3 patients).

Conclusions:

The repair of complete distal biceps tendon ruptures with cortical button fixation was associated with decreased strength in elbow flexion and forearm supination compared with the contralateral arm, although the differences were small and likely were not clinically important. The complication rate was relatively high; however, most complications were minor and were associated with minimal disability, as reflected by the DASH scores.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Surgical Approaches, Postoperative Care, and Outcomes Associated with Intra-Articular Hoffa Fractures
Authors: Mierzwa Adam T. , Toy Kristin A. , Tranovich Meaghan M. , Ebraheim Nabil A.
Published: August 2019

» Hoffa fractures are intra-articular distal femoral condylar fractures commonly arising from high-energy trauma with the knee in a flexed position.

» Motor vehicle accidents and falls from a height are the most commonly cited mechanisms that engage the lateral or the medial condyle, depending on the internal or external rotation of the knee.

» Standard weight-bearing after screw fixation should be delayed for approximately 12 weeks.

» Most of the literature found on Hoffa fractures placed more focus on the surgical approach or fixation method rather than outcomes associated with the number or type of screws used.
Differentiation of Transverse Sinus Thrombosis From Congenitally Atretic Transverse Sinus With TR-MRA：An Exploratory Study
Authors: Wang Dongdong , Cao Wenjie , Xie Yanan , Lu Yiping , Li Xuanxuan , Cui Mei , Dong Qiang , Ding Hongyan , Li Yuan
Published: August 2019

Background: We aimed to establish the value of Time-resolved contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (TR-MRA) in identifying thrombosis of transverse sinus(TS) in patients with a unilaterally absent TS signal on MRV.
Methods: Forty-five patients who were suspected of TS thrombosis clinically with a unilaterally absent TS signal on phase contrast(PC) MRV, were evaluated with TR-MRA. Images obtained by each technique were assessed independently by two neuroradiologists for whether the absent signal was thrombosis or atretic TS. The final diagnosis given based on clinical data and all radiological images(including the asymmetry of the sigmoid notches and TR-MRA) by a consultant neurologist was set as the gold standard and then, the accuracy of radiological diagnosis were validated by observing the agreement with it. The image quality comparison between PC MRV and TR-MRA via calculating signal-to-noise ratios [SNRs] and contrast-to-noise ratios [CNRs] of the normal TS.
Results: For imaging quality of normal TS, the mean SNR and CNR of TR-MRA were 452.14 and 440.92 respectively, significantly higher than the values of PC MRV (both p<0.001). The interobserver agreement of TR-MRA in identifying TS thrombosis from atretic TS was excellent [κ =0.951; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.902-1.000], much higher than MRV (κ = 0.526; 95% CI, 0.389–0.663). Consensus of assessment based on TR-MRA was highly consistent with the gold standard (sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 93.75%) , superior to PC MRV (sensitivity of 75%, specificity of 81.8%).
Conclusion: TR-MRA is better than PC MRV in the visualization of TS, and helpful to distinguish thrombosis from congenitally atretic TS.
Multicenter study of pediatric alimentary tract magnetic foreign body ingestion in China
Authors: Wang Kai , Zhang Dan , Li Xianling , Wang Zengmeng , Hou Guangjun , Jia Xinjian , Niu Huizhong , Qi Shiqin , Deng Qingqiang , Jiang Bin , Bian Hongqiang , Yang Heying , Chen Yajun
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: To investigate the alimentary tract Buckyball injuries in Chinese pediatric patients, and describe the managements and precautionary measures through multicenter investigation.
Methods: Medical records of 74 pediatric patients from 9 large Chinese third-grade class-A hospitals were included in this study. Questionnaires were distributed online, and medical records were reviewed. Follow-ups were through telephone and outpatient service.
Results: Among the 74 cases were 50 boys (68%) and 24 girls (32%). The age was 36.00 (21.75, 77.00) months, range from 7 months to 11 years old, and it showed two peaks, between one and three years old, and from six to eleven years old. The annual case numbers showed sharp increase, and Hebei Province had the largest number of 23 cases. Only 3 of them had exact reasons for swallowing the balls, the rest 71 patients had no intension for the ingestion. From onset to the emergency department time was 2.00 (1.00, 5.25) days, varied from 4 hours to 40 days. Twenty-one patients had no symptoms, and abdominal pain, vomiting, fever, abdominal distension, fiercely crying, melena, and flatus and defecation stopped were in 40 (54.05%), 36 (48.65%), 11 (14.86%), 3 (4.05%), 3 (4.05%), 2 (2.70%), 1 (1.35%) cases. Gastroscope, coloscope, laparoscopic operation, and laparotomy operation were adopted. Gastrointestinal perforation, ischemia and necrosis of gastrointestinal wall, abscess, ileus, fistula was found in 38 (51.53%), 14 (18.92%), 7 (9.46%), 6 (8.11%), 2 (2.70%), other 28 (37.84%) patients had gastrointestinal mucosa erosion. The numbers of Buckyball ingested was 4 (2, 8), with a range from 1 to 39. During the follow-up period of 6 (1, 15) months, three patients had ileus, and one suffered a second operation. The remaining 71 patients were uneventful. None of the 74 patients reported a second time swallowing of Buckyballs or other magnetic foreign bodies.
Conclusions: Pediatric alimentary tract magnetic foreign body ingestion in China is still increasing. Treatments and managements are of great significance, while prevention is more important and time critical. Precautionary measures toward the issue should be taken from three levels.
Keywords: Pediatric, Alimentary tract, Magnetic foreign body, Buckball
Depth of invasion determined by MRI in cT1N0 tongue: is it an indicator for elective neck dissection?
Authors: Xu Chunmiao , Yuan Junhui , Kang Liuqing , Zhang Xiaoxian , Wang Lifeng , Chen Xuejun , Yao Qi , Li Hailiang
Published: August 2019

Abstracts

Background

Depth of invasion (DOI) could be calculated by MRI preoperatively, whether MRI-determined DOI could predict the prognosis and whether it could be used as an indicator for neck dissection for cT1N0 tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) remain unknown, the main goal of the current study aimed to answer the questions.

Methods

Patients with surgically treated cT1N0 tongue SCC were retrospectively enrolled, MRI-determined DOI was measured based on T1-weigthed layers by a 1.5T scan. A multivariate logistic regression analysis model was used to determine the independent predictors for occult neck lymph node metastasis. The main study endpoints were locoregional control survival (LRC) and disease specific survival (DSS), the Cox model was used to determine the independent prognostic factors for the LRC and DSS.

Results

Occult neck lymph node metastasis was noted in 26 (17.2%) patients, ROC curve indicated the optimal cutoff value of MRI-determined DOI was 7.5mm for predicting neck lymph node metastasis with sensitivity of 86.9%. The factors of lymphovascular invasion, MRI-determined DOI, pathologic DOI, and pathologic tumor grade were significantly associated with the presence of neck lymph node metastasis in univariate analysis, further logistic regression analysis confirmed the independence of lymphovascular invasion, MRI-determined DOI, and pathologic DOI in predicting the neck lymph node metastasis. The 5-year LRC and DSS rates were 84% and 90%, respectively. Cox model analysis suggested the MRI-determined DOI was an independent prognostic factor for both the LRC and DSS.

Conclusions

Elective neck dissection is suggested if MRI-determined DOI is greater than 7.5mm in cT1N0 tongue SCC, and MRI-determined DOI ≥7.5mm indicates more risk for disease recurrence and cancer caused death.
The impact of racially-motivated housing discrimination on allostatic load among Indigenous university students
Authors: Currie Cheryl , Motz Takara A. , Copeland Jennifer L
Published: August 2019

Background Allostatic load (AL) is a preclinical marker of the pathophysiologic processes that precede the onset of disease. The goal of this study was to examine the association between racially-motivated housing discrimination and AL score within a sample of Indigenous university students.Methods Data for this cross-sectional study were collected from Indigenous adults attending university in a small city in western Canada between 2015 and 2017 ( N = 104; Mean age = 27.8 years). An item adapted from the Experience of Discrimination Scale was to assess racially-motivated housing discrimination in the past 12 months. AL was measured as a composite of 7 biomarkers assessing neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune system function. Bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrapped linear regression models were used to examine associations adjusting for age, income, parenthood, and other situations in which discrimination had been experienced.Results Indigenous university students who experienced racially-motivated housing discrimination in the past year (16.8% of the sample) had an average AL score of approximately 4, which was almost double that of their peers who had not. In an adjusted model. racially-motivated housing discrimination was associated with a-1.5 point increase in AL score. This model explained 35% of the adjusted variance in AL score, of which racially-motivated housing discrimination explained 24% ( R 2 Change = 0.24, F Change = 32.52, Sig. F Change p <0.001).Conclusions Indigenous adults who experienced racially-motivated housing discrimination in the past year had early and more pronounced wear and tear on neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune system functioning in young and middle adulthood than Indigenous peers who did not. These findings combine with others to highlight the need for increased efforts to prevent racially-motivated housing discrimination in urban centres.
Community-based distribution of misoprostol for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage: misconceptions related to misuse and diversion of facility birth
Authors: Tiruneh Gizachew Tadele , Yakob Bereket , Ayele Wubegzier Mekonnen , Yigzaw Muluneh , Roro Meselech Assegid , Medhanyie Araya Abrha , Hailu Etenesh Gebreyohannes , Bayou Yibeltal Tebekaw
Published: August 2019

Introduction : In low-resource settings, most maternal deaths caused by hemorrhage, occur in poorly resourced facilities or outside of health facilities where there is no access to skilled obstetric care. Community distribution of misoprostol is one of the compelling strategies for preventing or treating postpartum hemorrhage to avert maternal deaths. This scoping review was conducted to synthesize existing evidence that shows the negative impact of community distribution of misoprostol on facility delivery and misuse for labor induction or pregnancy termination.
Methods: We identified and included all peer-reviewed articles on misoprostol implementation from PubMed, Cochrane Review Library, Popline, and Google Scholars. Narrative synthesis was used to analyze and interpret the findings in which quantitative and qualitative syntheses are integrated.
Results: Three qualitative studies, six observational studies, and four experimental or quasi-experimental studies from Africa and Asia are included in this study. All before-after household surveys reported, increased delivery coverage after the intervention: ranging from 4 to 46 percentage points at the end of the intervention when compared to the baseline (5 studies). The pooled analysis of experimental and quasi-experimental involving 7,564 women from four of the studies revealed that there is no significant difference in facility delivery among the misoprostol and control groups [OR 1.011; 95% CI: 0.906-1.129]. A qualitative study among professionals also indicated that community distribution of misoprostol for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage is acceptable to community members and stakeholders and it is a feasible interim solution until access to facility birth is improved.
In the community-based distribution of misoprostol programs, administration of misoprostol before delivery was reported in less than 2% among seven studies involving 11,108 mothers. Evidence also shows that most women used misoprostol pills as instructed. No adverse outcomes from misuse in either of the studies reviewed.
Conclusions: The claim that community-based distribution of misoprostol would divert institutional delivery strategies to home deliveries and promote misuse are not supported with evidence. Therefore, community-based distribution of misoprostol can be an appropriate strategy for reducing maternal deaths which occur due to postpartum hemorrhages especially in resource-limited settings where many deliveries take place outside of health facilities.
Psychometric Properties of Measures of substance use: A systematic review and meta-analysis of reliability, validity and diagnostic test accuracy
Authors: Santos Glenn-Milo , Strathdee Steffanie , El-Bassel Nabila , Patel Poonam , Subramanian Divya , Horyniak Danielle Horyniak , Cook Ryan R. , McCullagh Charlotte , Marotta Phillip , Choksi Foram , Kang Brian , Allen Isabel , Shoptaw Steven
Published: August 2019

Background Synthesis of psychometric properties of substance use measures to identify patterns of use and substance use disorders remains limited. To address this gap, we sought to systematically evaluate the psychometric properties of measures to detect substance use and misuse. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of literature on measures of substance classes associated with HIV risk (heroin, methamphetamine, cocaine, ecstasy, alcohol) that were published in English before June 2016 that reported at least one of the following psychometric outcomes of interest: internal consistency (alpha), test-retest/inter-rater reliability (kappa), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. We used meta-analytic techniques to generate pooled summary estimates for these outcomes using random effects and hierarchical logistic regression models. Results Findings across 387 paper revealed that overall, 65% of pooled estimates for alpha were in the range of fair-to-excellent; 44% of estimates for kappa were in the range of fair-to-excellent. In addition, 69%, 97%, 37% and 96% of pooled estimates for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value, respectively, were in the range of moderate-to-excellent. Conclusion We conclude that many substance use measures had pooled summary estimates that were at the fair/moderate-to-excellent range across different psychometric outcomes. Most scales were conducted in English, within the United States, highlighting the need to test and validate these measures in more diverse settings. Additionally, the majority of studies had high risk of bias, indicating a need for more studies with higher methodological quality.
Flight muscles degenerate by programmed cell death after migration in the wheat aphid, Sitobion avenae
Authors: Feng Honglin , Guo Xiao , Sun Hongyan , Zhang Shuai , Xi Jinghui , Yin Jiao , Cao Yazhong , Li Kebin
Published: August 2019

Objective Previous studies showed that flight muscles were degenerated after migration in some aphid species; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains virtually unknown. In this study, using the wheat aphid, Sitobion avenae , we aim to investigate aphid flight muscle degeneration and the underlying molecular mechanism.Results Wheat aphid starts to differentiate winged or wingless lines at the second instar nymph, determined at the third instar, and then fully developed at the fourth instar. After migration, the flight muscles degenerated via programmed cell death, which is evidenced by a Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay. Then, we identified a list of differentially expressed genes before and after tethered flights using differential-display reverse transcription-PCR. One of the differentially expressed gene, ubiquitin-ribosomal S27a, was confirmed using qPCR. Ubiquitin-ribosomal S27a is drastically up regulated following aphids’ migration and before the flight muscle degeneration. Our data suggested that aphid flight muscles degenerate after migration, during which endogenous proteins may be degraded to reallocate energy for reproduction.
Mitochondrial localization of Dictyostelium discoideum dUTPase mediated by its N-terminus
Authors: Chia Catherine , Inoguchi Noriko , Varon Kyle C. , Bartholomai Bradley M. , Moriyama Hideaki
Published: August 2019

Objective
The nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of Dictyostelium discoideum , a unicellular eukaryote, have relatively high A+T-contents of 77.5% and 72.65%, respectivey. To begin to investigate how the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway fulfills the demand for dTTP, we determined the catalytic properties and structure of the key enzyme deoxyuridine triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase (dUTPase) that hydrolyzes dUTP to dUMP, the precursor of dTTP.
Results
The annotated genome of D. discoideum identifies a gene encoding a polypeptide containing the five conserved motifs of homotrimeric dUTPases. Recombinant proteins, comprised of either full-length or core polypeptides with all conserved motifs but lacking residues 1-37 of the N-terminus, were active dUTPases. Crystallographic analyses of the core enzyme indicated that the C-termini, normally flexible, were constrained by interactions with the truncated N-termini. This allowed greater access of dUTP to active sites, resulting in enhanced catalytic parameters. A tagged protein comprised of the N-terminal forty amino acids of dUTPase fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) was expressed in D. discoideum cells. Supporting a prediction of mitochondrial targeting information within the N-terminus, localization and subcellular fractionation studies showed GFP to be in mitochondria. N-terminal sequencing of immunoprecipitated GFP revealed the loss of the dUTPase sequence upon import into the organelle.
Effects of an mHealth voice message service (mMitra) on maternal health knowledge and practices of low-income women in India: findings from a pseudo-randomized controlled trial
Authors: Murthy Nirmala , Chandrasekharan Subhashini , Muthuperumal Prakash , Ganju Aakash , Peter Joanne , Kaonga Nadi , Mechael Patricia
Published: August 2019

Background Mobile Health (mHealth) is becoming an important tool to improve health outcomes in maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH). Studies of mHealth interventions, have demonstrated their effectiveness in improving uptake of recommended maternal services such as antenatal visits. However, evidence of impact on maternal health outcomes is still limited.Methods A pseudo-randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the impact of a voice-message based maternal intervention on maternal health knowledge, attitudes, practices and outcomes over time: Pregnancy (baseline/Time 1); Post-partum (Time 2) and when the infant turned one year old (Time 3). Women assigned to the mMitra intervention arm received gestational age- and stage-based educational voice messages via mobile phone in Hindi and Marathi, while those assigned to the control group did not. Both groups received standard care.Results 2,016 women were enrolled. Interviews were conducted with 1,516 women in the intervention group and 500 women in the control group at baseline and post-partum. The intervention group performed significantly better than controls on four maternal health practice indicators: receiving the tetanus toxoid injection (OR: 1.6, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.05-2.4, p=0.028), consulting a doctor if spotting or bleeding (OR: 1.72, 95%CI: 1.07-2.75, p=0.025), saving money for delivery expenses (OR: 1.79, 95%CI: 1.38-2.33, p=0.0001), and delivering in hospital (OR: 2.5, 95%CI: 1.49-4.35, p=0.001). The control group performed significantly better than the intervention group on two practice indicators: resting regularly during pregnancy (OR: 0.7, 95%CI: 0.54-0.88, p=0.002) and having at-home deliveries attended by a skilled birth attendant (OR: 0.46, 95%CI: 0.23-0.91, p=0.027). Both groups’ knowledge improved from Time 1 to Time 2. Only one knowledge indicator, on seeking medical care during pregnancy, was statistically increased in the intervention group compared to controls. Anemia status at or near the time of delivery was unable to be assessed.Conclusions This study provides evidence that in low-resource settings, mobile voice messages providing tailored and timed information about pregnancy can positively impact maternal health care practices proven to improve maternal health outcomes. Additional research is needed to assess whether voice messaging can motivate behavior change better than text messaging, particularly in low literacy settings.
Latent cytomegalovirus infection does not influence long-term disease outcomes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, but is associated with later onset of disease
Authors: Sloot Kimberley van der , Voskuil Michiel D. , Visschedijk Marijn C. , Festen Eleonora A.M. , Dullemen Hendrik M. van , Weersma Rinse K. , Alizadeh Behrooz Z. , Leer Coretta Buter - van , Dijkstra Gerard
Published: August 2019

Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is common in the general population. CMV infection negatively affects disease course in transplant recipients and HIV patients. Whereas primary CMV infections may occur sporadically in seronegative patients, all seropositive patients with inflammatory bowel syndrome (IBD) are at risk for CMV reactivation, due to the inflammatory mucosal and use of immunosuppressive medication. It’s unclear whether latent CMV infection, and risk of reactivations, influences long-term disease outcomes. In this study, we aim to explore whether CMV infection affects disease outcomes in IBD patients.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional cohort study with 1,404 patients with IBD from a single center. Clinical characteristics and disease outcomes were prospectively collected. We scrutinized CMV serology test results and performed additional CMV serology testing if serum was available.

Results: Out of 699 IBD patients with CMV serology, 303 (43.3%) were seropositive, comparable to the general Dutch population. CMV seropositivity was associated with older age, longer IBD disease duration, non-Western origin, birth outside the Netherlands and a lower educational level (p-values≤0.004). CMV seropositivity was not associated with more complicated long-term disease outcomes of IBD (p-values>0.05). Seropositive patients presented with symptoms and were diagnosed at an older age compared to seronegative patients (p-values<0.01).

Conclusions: CMV seropositivity does not influence disease outcomes of IBD patients and seems associated with a delay in IBD onset. Guidelines regarding CMV screening in patients with IBD are currently based on a low level of evidence. These data support the recommendation that routine CMV serology measurement isn’t necessary in the clinical care of IBD.