bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Transition Between Regular and Special Education in Autistic Children: Predictors and Policy Effects
Authors: van den Helder Chantal , Plak Rachel , Meeter Martijn , Begeer Sander
Published: May 2024

Inclusive education policies stimulate children with special educational needs, including autism, to attend regular education. We aimed to explore change over time in school placement and transitions of autistic children since the introduction of an inclusive education policy in the Netherlands (2014) and to examine the role of individual child characteristics. This study used longitudinal data from 2013 to 2021 on autistic children (N = 1463, aged 5–16 years). We expected an increase in regular school placements and transitions to regular schools. Surprisingly, the proportion of children with autism in regular schools slightly decreased. Special school placement was more likely for boys and autistic children with lower intelligence scores, co-occurring conditions or behavioral and peer relation problems. Younger autistic children and those with lower intelligence scores more often transferred from a regular to a special school. The opposite transition was more common in older autistic children and those with higher intelligence scores. The likelihood of special-to-regular transitions did not change, but regular-to-special transitions were more prevalent during the years just after the policy change than in later years. The inclusive policy had little impact on the school placement, and at most led to a delayed drop in referrals to special schools.
The Relationship Between Fatigue and Quality of Life in the Turkish Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Kara Koray , Kara Ozgun Kaya , Sutcu Gulsah , Tonak Hasan Atacan
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to investigate the different effects of fatigue and health-related quality of life in the Turkish mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) through comparisons with mothers of typically developing children, and to evaluate the relationship between different aspects of maternal fatigue, depression, and maternal health-related quality of life. The study included a total of 103 mothers, comprising 60 mothers of children with ASD and 43 mothers of typically developing children. The Nottingham Health Profile and Quality of Life in Autism Questionnaire-Parent Version were used to assess the health-related quality of life. Fatigue was assessed comprehensively with the Fatigue Impact Scale and the Fatigue Severity Scale. The Nottingham Health Profile total and physical mobility domain and the quality of life were the strongest factors, explaining with a variance of 66.7% the fatigue impact on cognitive function. The mothers’ quality of life accounted for 64.8% of the variance in factors that explained fatigue. Physical mobility, social isolation and quality of life were associated with the physical impact of fatigue and were explained with a variance of 52.4%. Emotional reactions and quality of life were explained with a variance of 52.7% in the fatigue of psychosocial function. The current study has highlighted that the fatigue of Turkish mothers of children with ASD has a greater impact on cognitive, physical and psychosocial functions. Furthermore, the quality of life, physical mobility, social isolation, and emotional reactions of mothers have a significant impact on maternal fatigue.
Identification of the Sex Pheromone of the Asparagus Moth, Parahypopta Caestrum (Lepidoptera, Cossidae)
Authors: Pistillo Onofrio Marco , D’Isita Ilaria , Di Palma Antonella , Germinara Giacinto Salvatore
Published: May 2024

Chemical, electrophysiological, and field trapping experiments were carried out to identify the female-produced sex pheromone of the asparagus moth, Parahypopta caestrum, a very serious pests of asparagus cultivations in southern Europe. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and electroantennogram detection (GC-MS-EAD) analysis of hexane and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) extracts of sex pheromone glands of calling females consistently detected four compounds eliciting EAG responses in male moth antennae. According to their GC retention times, mass spectra, and comparative EAG analyses with reference standards, these EAD-active compounds were identified as (Z)-9-tetradecenol (Z9-14:OH), (Z)-5-tetradecenyl acetate (Z5-14:Ac), (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate (Z7-14:Ac), and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9-14:Ac), respectively. In the SPME extracts from the head-space of individual abdominal tips, Z9-14:Ac, Z5-14:Ac, Z7-14:Ac, and Z9:14 OH were detected in the ratio of 82:9:5:4. In EAG dose-response experiments, Z9-14:Ac was the strongest antennal stimulant at different doses tested. In field trapping experiments, Z9-14:Ac, Z7-14:Ac, and Z5-14:Ac proven to be essential for male attraction and a their 85:5:10 blend loaded onto green rubber septum dispensers was significantly more effective than single-, two-, and any other three-component blend of these compounds. The addition of Z9-14:OH to the optimal blend resulted in a significant reduction of male catches. The attractive blend here identified allowed for an effective and accurate monitoring of P. caestrum flight activity in southern Italy.
Towards an Active Role of Financial Institutions in Preventing Problem Gambling: A Proposed Conceptual Framework and Taxonomy of Financial Wellbeing Indicators
Authors: Lakew Nathan , Jonsson Jakob , Lindner Philip
Published: May 2024

The transformation of gambling into a largely digital commodity has created a need for online payment technologies to facilitate online gambling, thereby also raising the question of what role these actors can play in the promotion of Responsible Gambling (RG). With the means and access they maintain, financial institutions are in a unique position to alleviate financial pitfalls, yet their role in the gambling context has thus far received little scrutiny. The objective of this study was to conduct an extant literature review to develop an initial set of financial indicators tailored for financial institutions, enabling them to engage in the RG initiatives. We conducted a two-step narrative literature review to identify both general Financial Well-Being (FWB) indicators across financial research disciplines, and one specific to gambling. A literature search over the past 20 years was performed across the following academic databases: Medline (Ovid), Sociological Abstracts (ProQuest), Web of Science (Clarivate), and PsycInfo (EBSCO). Manifest content analysis was used in step one to review general financial well-being, yielding a general FWB conceptual framework. In step two, we applied latent content analysis to the gambling-specific literature, linking essential concepts of gambling-related financial harms to the broader FWB literature. This resulted in a tentative taxonomy of indicators applicable to financial institutions with gambling customers. In tandem with the FWB conceptual framework, the preliminary taxonomy could provide a foundation for financial institutions catering to gambling customers to engage in the duty of care agenda, potentially broadening player protection beyond the current operator-focused RG measures.
Sustainable Employability of People with Limited Capability for Work: The Participatory Development and Validation of a Questionnaire
Authors: Hiemstra S. R. , Fleuren B. P. I. , de Jonge A. , Naaldenberg J. , Vaandrager L.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Understanding sustainable employability (SE) of people with limited capability for work (LCW) due to physical or mental disability is crucial for the sustainable participation of this target group. Therefore, adequate measurement instruments for SE are needed. This study aims to validate a questionnaire to measure SE among people with LCW using a participatory approach, including person-job fit (PJ fit) and work-related sense of coherence (Work-SoC).

Methods

Existing scales for the main concepts were tested and adapted for face validity via cognitive interviews (n = 6), with the involvement of a co-researcher with LCW in the research team. Next, the questionnaire was administered among people with LCW (n = 248) to assess its factor structure (Confirmatory Factor Analysis) and reliability (Cronbach’s alpha).

Results

Analysis of the cognitive interviews identified problems with clarity and readability of items, instructions and response categories of used (existing) scales. The main adjustments concerned the shortening of text length, the usage of familiar language and examples, and the addition of an introduction game. Most of the adapted SE indicator scales showed an overall good fit and acceptable-to-good internal reliability. The overall SE model had an overall good fit, and excluding ‘internal employability’ further improved this fit. PJ fit and Work-SoC had an acceptable/good model fit and internal consistency.

Conclusion

The participatory validation process resulted in a validated and comprehensive questionnaire to measure SE, PJ fit and Work-SoC among people with LCW, which enables research into the development of their SE. This questionnaire can be utilised to contribute to a more inclusive labour market.
Rapid DNA methylation-based classification of pediatric brain tumors from ultrasonic aspirate specimens
Authors: Simon Michèle , Kuschel Luis P. , von Hoff Katja , Yuan Dongsheng , Hernáiz Driever Pablo , Hain Elisabeth G. , Koch Arend , Capper David , Schulz Matthias , Thomale Ulrich-Wilhelm , Euskirchen Philipp
Published: May 2024

Background

Although cavitating ultrasonic aspirators are commonly used in neurosurgical procedures, the suitability of ultrasonic aspirator-derived tumor material for diagnostic procedures is still controversial. Here, we explore the feasibility of using ultrasonic aspirator-resected tumor tissue to classify otherwise discarded sample material by fast DNA methylation-based analysis using low pass nanopore whole genome sequencing.

Methods

Ultrasonic aspirator-derived specimens from pediatric patients undergoing brain tumor resection were subjected to low-pass nanopore whole genome sequencing. DNA methylation-based classification using a neural network classifier and copy number variation analysis were performed. Tumor purity was estimated from copy number profiles. Results were compared to microarray (EPIC)-based routine neuropathological histomorphological and molecular evaluation.

Results

19 samples with confirmed neuropathological diagnosis were evaluated. All samples were successfully sequenced and passed quality control for further analysis. DNA and sequencing characteristics from ultrasonic aspirator-derived specimens were comparable to routinely processed tumor tissue. Classification of both methods was concordant regarding methylation class in 17/19 (89%) cases. Application of a platform-specific threshold for nanopore-based classification ensured a specificity of 100%, whereas sensitivity was 79%. Copy number variation profiles were generated for all cases and matched EPIC results in 18/19 (95%) samples, even allowing the identification of diagnostically or therapeutically relevant genomic alterations.

Conclusion

Methylation-based classification of pediatric CNS tumors based on ultrasonic aspirator-reduced and otherwise discarded tissue is feasible using time- and cost-efficient nanopore sequencing.
DynamicAug: Enhancing Transfer Learning Through Dynamic Data Augmentation Strategies Based on Model State
Authors: Yu Xinyi , Zhao Haodong , Zhang Mingyang , Wei Yan , Zhou Libo , Ou Linlin
Published: May 2024

Transfer learning has made significant advancements, however, the issue of overfitting continues to pose a major challenge. Data augmentation has emerged as a highly promising technique to counteract this challenge. Current data augmentation methods are fixed in nature, requiring manual determination of the appropriate intensity prior to the training process. However, this entails substantial computational costs. Additionally, as the model approaches convergence, static data augmentation strategies can become suboptimal. In this paper, we introduce the concept of Dynamic Data Augmentation (DynamicAug), a method that autonomously adjusts the intensity of data augmentation, taking into account the convergence state of the model. During each iteration of the model’s forward pass, we utilize a Gaussian distribution based sampler to stochastically sample the current intensity of data augmentation. To ensure that the sampled intensity is aligned with the convergence state of the model, we introduce a learnable expectation to the sampler and update the expectation iteratively. In order to assess the convergence status of the model, we introduce a novel loss function called the convergence loss. Through extensive experiments conducted over 27 vision datasets, we have demonstrated that DynamicAug can significantly enhance the performance of existing transfer learning methods.
GDPD3 Deficiency Alleviates Neuropathic Pain and Reprograms Macrophagic Polarization Through PGE2 and PPARγ Pathway
Authors: Li Wenqian , Fan Youjia , Lan Haizhen , Li Xiaoxiao , Wu Qichao , Dong Rong
Published: May 2024

The complex mechanism of neuropathic pain involves various aspects of both central and peripheral pain conduction pathways. An effective cure for neuropathic pain therefore remains elusive. We found that deficiency of the gene Gdpd3, encoding a lysophospholipase D enzyme, alleviates the inflammatory responses in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of mice under neuropathic pain and reduces PE (20:4) and PGE2 in DRG. Gdpd3 deficiency had a stronger analgesic effect on neuropathic pain than Celecoxib, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Gdpd3 deficiency also interferes with the polarization of macrophages, switching from M1 towards M2 phenotype. The PPARγ/ FABP4 pathway was screened by RNA sequencing as functional related with Gdpd3 deficient BMDMs stimulated with LPS. Both protein and mRNA levels of PPARγ in GDPD3 deficient BMDMs were higher than those of the litter control mice. However, GW9962 (inhibitor of PPARγ) could reverse the reprogramming polarization of macrophages caused by GDPD3 deficiency. Therefore, our study suggests that GDPD3 deficiency exerts a relieving effect on neuropathic pain and alleviates neuroinflammation in DRG by switching the phenotype of macrophages from M1 to M2, which was mediated through PGE2 and PPARγ/ FABP4 pathway.
Development and comprehensive evaluation of a dual-port textile UWB MIMO antenna for biomedical use
Authors: Elnaggar Azza H. , Abd El-Hameed Anwer S. , Yakout Mohamed A. , Areed Nihal F. F.
Published: May 2024

In this paper, a textile two-port multi-input multi-output (MIMO) half-circle antenna with corrugated borders is designed and fully analyzed for nearfield ultra-wideband biomedical diagnostic applications. The orthogonal polarization technique is introduced for mutual coupling reduction, signal quality, and imaging accuracy improvement. A low pass filter with significant out-of-band rejection is inserted between the two MIMO structural elements to improve the isolation from element to element. For simple system integration, A 50 ohms feed coplanar waveguide is suggested for each element. The entire antenna is constructed using textile materials, with the radiating element composed of conductor fabric. The substrate, on the other hand, is crafted from cotton material which possesses a relative permittivity of and a tan δ value of 0.025. The size of each antenna element has low-profile dimensions of 40 × 40 × 0.3 $${mm}^{3}$$

mm

3

. The measured results obtained demonstrate an extremely broad bandwidth extends from 2.5 GHz to 12 GHz. Omnidirectional radiation pattern is obtained, with 6 dBi maximum gain and 96% efficiency. In order to ensure flexibility, a range of bending conditions were analyzed, and the durability was assessed through wash ability testing. Safety was confirmed by measuring the specific absorption rate. Furthermore, time domain and MIMO performance assessments were performed to ensure its suitability for imaging systems.
Insights into Thermal Interactions in Frozen Pharmaceutical Vials: Effects on Ice Nucleation Times and Inhibition
Authors: Pisano Roberto , Semeraro Jessica , Artusio Fiora , Barresi Antonello A.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study investigates the thermal interactions between adjacent vials during freezing and assesses their impact on nucleation times.

Methods

Various loading configurations were analyzed to understand their impact on nucleation times. Configurations involving direct contact between vials and freeze-dryer shelves were studied, along with setups using empty vials between filled ones. Additionally, non-conventional loading configurations and glycol-filled vials were tested. The analysis includes 2R and 20R vials, which are commonly utilized in the freezing and lyophilization of drug products, along with two different fill depths, 1 and 1.4 cm.

Results

The investigation revealed that configurations with direct contact between vials and freeze-dryer shelves led to substantial thermal interactions, resulting in delayed nucleation in adjacent vials and affecting the temperature at which nucleation takes place in a complex way. In another setup, empty vials were placed between filled vials, significantly reducing thermal interactions. Further tests with non-conventional configurations and glycol-filled vials confirmed the presence of thermal interactions with a minimal inhibitory effect.

Conclusions

These findings carry significant implications for the pharmaceutical industry, highlighting the role of thermal interactions among vials during freezing and their impact on the temperature at which ice nucleation occurs.
Caricature, recognition, misrepresentation
Authors: Fantelli Federico
Published: May 2024

Caricature undeniably excels at mocking people and their foibles. But is this mode of depiction limited to human beings? Can animals, objects, or even abstract concepts be caricatured? The first goal of this paper is to trace the limits of the caricaturable and see how far they extend beyond the human figure. The second goal is to understand how the wondrous modification enacted by caricature works. To do so, I analyze the features that caricature selects, and argue that such features have a relational nature—they are instantiated by the depicted subject but their sense hinges on implicit norms. I then outline the deep structure of reference exploited by caricature for depicting. Finally, I use this account to unravel the paradox of caricature: how can a picture both misrepresent its subject and prompt an accurate recognition? I defend the controversial claim that caricature per se does not amount to misrepresentation.
The falling of a tree in the forest is the beginning of significant changes in the soil
Authors: Sokołowski Karol , Gawryś Radosław , Błońska Ewa
Published: May 2024

Aims

The aim of the project was to determine the vertical variability of soil under the influence of deadwood (DWD) in a temperate forest ecosystem.

Methods

The laboratory analyses included soil layers of 0–5 cm, 5–10 cm, 10–20 cm and 20–40 cm, which were taken directly under the deadwood, as well as the forest litter layer and deadwood fragments. The control samples were taken 30 m away.

Results

The decomposition processes of deadwood are associated with a 55% increase in soil organic carbon (SOC) deposition to a depth of -40 cm and a 36% increase in total nitrogen (N) content compared to soils without deadwood. DWD significantly increases exchangeable cations, especially at a depth of -5 cm to -20 cm. Deadwood contains slightly more hydrogen (H+) and aluminum ions (Al3+) than forest litter, but soil acidification is related to pedogenic processes rather than decomposition of deadwood in hyperacid forest soils. The soil surface under deadwood with a high degree of decomposition is characterised by a lower bulk density (BD) value than the soil where only forest litter was present.

Conclusions

Our studies suggest that the physicochemical properties of forest soils change under the influence of deadwood such that the deeper layers beneath the logs take on propertie8s that make them similar to the shallower layers without deadwood. To summarise, leaving deadwood in the forest has a positive effect on soil fertility by enriching the soil with nutrients (Ca2+, K+, Na+, less Mg2+) and improving its physical properties.
Fertilization by short-term stored sperm alters DNA methylation patterns at single-base resolution in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) embryos
Authors: Cheng Yu , Zhang Songpei , Nayak Rigolin , Věchtová Pavlína , Schumacher Fabian , Linhartová Pavla , Gazo Ievgeniia , Linhartová Zuzana , Waghmare Swapnil Gorakh , Kleuser Burkhard , Dey Abhipsha , Rodinová Vladimíra , Rodina Marek , Štěrba Jan , Alavi Sayyed Mohammad Hadi , Labbé Catherine , Linhart Otomar
Published: May 2024

Sperm after short-term storage in vitro is widely used for artificial fertilization in aquaculture. It has been shown that short-term storage affects sperm motility characteristics, resulting in diminished fertility. However, the detrimental effects of short-term sperm storage on embryos development have remained unexplored in single-base methylome resolution. The main aim of the present study was to investigate DNA methylation in the offspring of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) derived from short-term stored sperm. Sperm were stored in artificial seminal plasma on ice (0–2 °C) for 0, 3 and 6 days in vitro, fertilization was performed using oocytes from a single female, and embryos were collected at the mid-blastula stage. In the DNA methylation study, DNA from both sperm and embryos was extracted and analysed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Concurrently, DNA methylation levels of embryos in single base were evaluated through whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS). Sperm storage showed negative effects on sperm motility, viability, and DNA integrity, but had no effect on global DNA methylation of spermatozoa and resulting embryos. Results from the WGBS showed that methylation of 3313 differentially methylated regions (DMRs)-target genes was affected in the embryos fertilized with the 6-day-stored sperm, and the identified DMRs were mainly involved in cell adhesion, calcium, mitogen-activated protein kinase and adrenergic signalling, melanogenesis, metabolism and RNA transport. Such results suggest that prolongation of storage time may have certain impacts on embryonic development. These initial results provide valuable information for future consideration of the DNA methylome in embryos generated from short-term stored sperm, which are used for genetic management of broodstock in aquaculture.
Assessing emerging sustainability-oriented technologies: the case of precision agriculture
Authors: Rennings Michael , Baaden Philipp , Block Carolin , John Marcus , Bröring Stefanie
Published: May 2024

The pressing need for a transition towards a more sustainable economy has given rise to sustainability-oriented innovations (SOIs). The development of SOIs involves a wide range of emerging technologies, some of which are highly uncertain and may have the potential to transform an existing industry. Thus, the identification and assessment of emerging technologies is pivotal for established companies to evaluate business opportunities as well as for researchers and policy makers to support the transition to a more sustainable economy. Therefore, we aim to contribute by offering a new approach that seeks to assess such emerging technologies that contribute to sustainability transition (i.e., sustainability-oriented technologies (SOTs)) by means of spectral cluster analysis based on the semantic similarities of scientific research articles in the field of precision agriculture (PA); a case example where multiple SOIs occur. Our analyses reveal that spectral cluster analysis is a suitable approach for assessing emerging SOTs. In addition, multi-perspective assessments based on, inter alia, related United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, Web of Science subject categories, strategic diagrams, and business models allows to render a holistic assessment of a scientific research area (in this case PA) and its emerging SOTs as well as their evolution into commercial SOIs.
A review of on-farm recording tools for smallholder dairy farming in developing countries
Authors: Resti Yuni , Reynoso Gustavo Gutierrez , Probst Lorenz , Indriasari Sofiyanti , Mindara Gema Parasti , Hakim Annisa , Wurzinger Maria
Published: May 2024

The dairy industry has been expanding significantly recently, which has prompted the improvement and adoption of increasingly digital dairy recording tools with cutting-edge technology. The study aimed to identify smallholder dairy farmers’ recording tools in developing countries. The study presents the results of an extensive literature review conducted using electronic journal databases. The review involved applying a combination of search terms and Boolean operators. The search found a total of 412 research publications. However, only 21 articles with 24 recording tools were deemed appropriate and were subsequently included in the study. Dairy recording entails gathering and managing data on animal information, traceability, health, and productivity that can be conducted using various methods, from manual record-keeping to digitization. The results show that most studies have endeavoured to develop digital recording tools that focus on production performance (PR), mainly milk production, using the Internet of Things (IoT) and mobile phone applications. Moreover, various technologies, such as networks, desktops, and web apps, have also been invented. Given the widespread ownership of mobile phones among the general population, the use of mobile phones continues to be an appealing choice for recording tools. To enhance the advancement of these tools, it is necessary to address technological obstacles, particularly those associated with access and connectivity. In addition, it is also important to consider the continuity of data input and feedback obtained to the farmers, thus helping them evaluate their farms periodically.
An Evaluation of Long-Term Contaminated Soil from a Manufactured Gas Plant for in Situ Biodegradation Potential and as a Source of Ferrocyanide-Degrading Bacteria
Authors: Chojnacka Aleksandra , Sut-Lohmann Magdalena , Jonczak Jerzy , Banasiewicz Joanna , Detman-Ignatowska Anna , Sikora Anna
Published: May 2024

Despite the high abundance and potential toxicity of ferrocyanide in the environment, data on the bioremediation of these complexes in contaminated soils are missing. In this study we isolated forty bacterial species presented in soil highly contaminated with ferrocyanide complexes, originating from a Manufactured Gas Plant (MGP). All bacterial strains were resistant to ferrocyanide (500 mg L−1). Six isolates showed better growth in the presence of ferrocyanide and were able to use it as a sole nitrogen source. One of them was able to assimilate ferrocyanide‐derived nitrogen and carbon. The strains varied in their tolerance to the ferrocyanide. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values determined in the rich medium ranged from 1400 mg L−1 to 2000 mg L−1 and in all cases were greater than those set on the minimal medium. Molecular analysis revealed that the investigated isolates had the highest similarity to the Bacillus and Rummeliibacillus lineages. Rummeliibacillus was recognized for the first time for its ferrocyanide-degrading potential. Soil samples collected from MGP sites indicated that the overall indigenous population of microorganisms was low. Total cyanide content ranged from 220 mg kg−1 to 346 mg kg−1. Additionally, elevated Pb concentrations and an imbalanced C:N:P ratio were observed. Our study provides new information about the presence of a well-acclimated bacterial community associated with long-term ferrocyanide-contaminated soil. This bacterial community could play an important role in MGP site bioremediation processes and has the potential for application for other bioremediation purposes; however, it is likely limited due to unfavorable environmental conditions.
Ultra-Efficient Removal of Mercury from Contaminated Water using Selected Phenylimidazole Derivatives
Authors: Živković Igor
Published: May 2024

Heterocycles, including imidazole derivatives, are important chemicals due to their structural similarity to active natural molecules. This study explored the utilization of phenylimidazole derivatives for mercury removal from aqueous solutions. Three derivatives were tested, including one harboring a sulfhydryl functional group, thus offering distinct mercury-binding capabilities. Mercury binding experiments revealed modest mercury binding by two derivatives. However, extraordinary efficiency of mercury binding by the sulfhydryl-bearing compound was demonstrated through a reduction in mercury concentrations in pure water by 43-fold in just 15 min and decreasing below the analytical detection limit with prolonged exposure (30 min). Moreover, the ultra-efficiency of mercury binding was demonstrated by a capability to reduce mercury concentrations even in highly contaminated environmental water sample by a factor exceeding 1200-fold in 20 h, using minimal amounts of the compound. This phenylimidazole derivative exhibited comparable efficiency in binding mercury from authentic environmental water samples, hinting at practical applications for real-world remediation efforts. Kinetic investigations showed a pseudo-first order reaction with a rate constant of 0.26 min−1 and half-life of 2.69 min that governs mercury binding to this phenylimidazole derivative. These findings underscore the potential of the sulfhydryl-containing phenylimidazole derivative, as swift and effective binding material for aqueous mercury removal. Its rapid action, coupled with binding efficiency, suggests a promising material for addressing mercury contamination in highly contaminated environmental water samples.
Experiments on Low–Cycle Ductile Damage and Failure Under Biaxial Loading Conditions
Authors: Gerke S. , Wei Z. , Brünig M.
Published: May 2024

Background

The damage and failure behavior of ductile metals depends on the stress state as well as on the loading history. Biaxial experiments with suitable specimens can be used to targeted generate different loading conditions, thus allowing the investigation of a wide variety of load cycles with different stress states.

Objective

In the biaxial experiments with the newly presented HC-specimen cyclic shear loads are superimposed by various constant compressive and tensile loads. Buckling during compressive loading in both axes is avoided by an additional newly introduced downholder.

Methods

The strain fields at the surfaces of the biaxial specimens are evaluated by digital image correlation (DIC), and after failure the corresponding fracture surfaces are analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Associated numerical simulations employing the presented material model provide information on the current stress states.

Results

The introduced downholder successfully prevents buckling during compressive loading. The strain fields detect a clear influence of the shear direction and a tensile superposition of the cyclic shear load leads to more brittle and a compressive superposition to more ductile behavior. The accompanying numerical calculations reveal the associated, different stress states.

Conclusions

The new experimental program with biaxially loaded specimens for the investigation of damage and failure behavior under cyclic loading enables the targeted examination of a wide variety of load cycles and is thus suitable for the comprehensive analysis of these phenomena.
Experimental Examination of Additively Manufactured Patterns on Structural Nuclear Materials for Digital Image Correlation Strain Measurements
Authors: Novich K.A. , Phero T.L. , Cole S.E. , Greseth C.M. , McMurtrey M.D. , Estrada D. , Jaques B.J.
Published: May 2024

Background

There are a limited number of commercially available sensors for monitoring the deformation of materials in-situ during harsh environment applications, such as those found in the nuclear and aerospace industries. Such sensing devices, including weldable strain gauges, extensometers, and linear variable differential transformers, can be destructive to material surfaces being investigated and typically require relatively large surface areas to attach (> 10 mm in length). Digital image correlation (DIC) is a viable, non-contact alternative to in-situ strain deformation. However, it often requires implementing artificial patterns using splattering techniques, which are difficult to reproduce.

Objective

Additive manufacturing capabilities offer consistent patterns using programmable fabrication methods.

Methods

In this work, a variety of small-scale periodic patterns with different geometries were printed directly on structural nuclear materials (i.e., stainless steel and aluminum tensile specimens) using an aerosol jet printer (AJP). Unlike other additive manufacturing techniques, AJP offers the advantage of materials selection. DIC was used to track and correlate strain to alternative measurement methods during cyclic loading, and tensile tests (up to 1100 µɛ) at room temperature.

Results

The results confirmed AJP has better control of pattern parameters for small fields of view and facilitate the ability of DIC algorithms to adequately process patterns with periodicity. More specifically, the printed 100 μm spaced dot and 150 μm spaced line patterns provided accurate measurements with a maximum error of less than 2% and 4% on aluminum samples when compared to an extensometer and commercially available strain gauges.

Conclusion

Our results highlight a new pattern fabrication technique that is form factor friendly for digital image correlation in nuclear applications.
Learning to notice collaboration: examining the impact of professional development on mathematics teachers’ enhanced awareness in CSCL settings
Authors: Slakmon Benzi , Abdu Rotem
Published: May 2024

Acknowledging the pivotal role of noticing in teachers’ professional work, it is noteworthy that its application in dialogic activities remains an area that has yet to be studied. In this study, we examine mathematics teachers’ noticing of dialogue among peers working together on problem-solving tasks and investigate the impact of a professional development intervention focused on dialogue on teachers’ noticing practices. Through think-aloud interviews, 14 teachers provided insights into their noticing practices by attending to and responding to video excerpts of dyads engaged in collaborative problem-solving in computer-supported learning environments. Their noticing practices were analyzed using a Bakhtinian-informed dialogic framework. Subsequently, the teachers participated in a professional development intervention centered around dialogue and were interviewed again using the same video excerpts. The second round of interviews was also analyzed using the same dialogic framework. The findings shed light on the initial state of teachers’ noticing and indicate a discernible improvement in their ability to notice specific dialogic attributes. These findings offer valuable insights into how collaboration and dialogue between students can be effectively supported. Additionally, the study discusses how teachers envision dialogue and considers the capacity and limitations of incorporating a dialogic vision into the noticing paradigm.
Temperature effects on adsorption and capillarity water retention mechanisms in constrained unsaturated soils
Authors: Lu Yu , McCartney John S.
Published: May 2024

This paper focuses on the impact of elevated temperatures on the adsorptive and capillarity water retention mechanisms of unsaturated soils under constrained (constant volume) conditions. This topic is critical for simulating the thermo-hydraulic behavior of soils in hydrogeological or geotechnical applications, including climate change effects on near surface soils, energy piles or soil borehole thermal energy storage systems in unsaturated soil layers, and buffers for geological nuclear waste repositories. A nonisothermal soil water retention curve (SWRC) that separately considers the temperature-dependency of the key parameters governing adsorptive and capillarity water retention mechanisms and soil physical parameters (e.g., surface tension, contact angle, adsorption capacity, cation exchange capacity, mean cavitation suction, air entry value and equilibrium film thickness) was developed to provide insights into the impact of temperature on water retention over the full suction range. The nonisothermal SWRC was validated using experimental data on high plasticity clays, with a good prediction of temperature effects on adsorption and capillarity water retention mechanisms in constrained unsaturated soils.
MOSS: An Open Conversational Large Language Model
Authors: Sun Tianxiang , Zhang Xiaotian , He Zhengfu , Li Peng , Cheng Qinyuan , Liu Xiangyang , Yan Hang , Shao Yunfan , Tang Qiong , Zhang Shiduo , Zhao Xingjian , Chen Ke , Zheng Yining , Zhou Zhejian , Li Ruixiao , Zhan Jun , Zhou Yunhua , Li Linyang , Yang Xiaogui , Wu Lingling , Yin Zhangyue , Huang Xuanjing , Jiang Yu-Gang , Qiu Xipeng
Published: May 2024

Conversational large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and GPT-4 have recently exhibited remarkable capabilities across various domains, capturing widespread attention from the public. To facilitate this line of research, in this paper, we report the development of MOSS, an open-sourced conversational LLM that contains 16 B parameters and can perform a variety of instructions in multi-turn interactions with humans. The base model of MOSS is pre-trained on large-scale unlabeled English, Chinese, and code data. To optimize the model for dialogue, we generate 1.1 M synthetic conversations based on user prompts collected through our earlier versions of the model API. We then perform preference-aware training on preference data annotated from AI feedback. Evaluation results on real-world use cases and academic benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches. In addition, we present an effective practice to augment MOSS with several external tools. Through the development of MOSS, we have established a complete technical roadmap for large language models from pre-training, supervised fine-tuning to alignment, verifying the feasibility of chatGPT under resource-limited conditions and providing a reference for both the academic and industrial communities. Model weights and code are publicly available at https://github.com/OpenMOSS/MOSS.
Circumferential Inferior Vena Cavectomy Without Caval Replacement in the Management of Renal Cell Carcinoma with Tumor Thrombus
Authors: Gonzalez de Gor Herrera V. , Asencio Pascual J. M. , González J. , Herranz Amo F. , LLedó García E. , Sánchez Ochoa M. A , Hernández Fernández C.
Published: May 2024

Purpose of Review

Renal cell carcinoma presents a unique proclivity for vascular involvement giving rise to a peculiar form of locally advanced disease so-called tumor thrombus. To date, the only curative strategy for these cases remains surgery, which should aim to remove every vestige of macroscopic disease. Most of the preexisting literature advocates opening the vena cava to allow tumor thrombus removal and subsequent venous suture closure. However, inferior vena cava circumferential resection (cavectomy) without caval replacement is possible in the majority of cases since progressive occlusion facilitates the development of a collateral venous network aimed at maintaining cardiac preload.

Recent Findings

Radical nephrectomy with tumor thrombectomy remains a surgical challenge not exempt of operative complications even in experienced hands. In opposition to what traditional cavotomy and thrombus withdrawal can offer, circumferential cavectomy without caval replacement would provide comparable or even better oncologic control, decrease the likelihood of operative bleeding, and prevent the development of perioperative pulmonary embolism.

This review focuses on the rationale of circumferential IVC resection without caval replacement and the important technical aspects of this approach in cases of renal cell carcinoma with vascular involvement. We also include an initial report on the surgical outcomes of a contemporary series of patients managed under this approach at our center.
Management of low-risk papillary thyroid cancer. Minimally-invasive treatments dictate a further paradigm shift?
Authors: Papini E. , Guglielmi R. , Novizio R. , Pontecorvi A. , Durante C.
Published: May 2024

Background

Current management options for PTMC include lobo-isthmectomy and active surveillance (AS). Recently, ultrasound-guided minimally invasive procedures (MITs) are offered as a nonsurgical therapy for PTMC because they do not require hospitalization and general anaesthesia, and do not result in loss of thyroid function or cosmetic damage. MITs are reported to consistently provide, mostly in large retrospective series of patients, a rapid, safe, and cost-effective way to eradicate low-risk thyroid malignancies. However, conclusive data from well-conducted prospective studies on the histologically-proven completeness of tumor ablation and the long-term clinical advantages versus AS are still lacking.

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided minimally invasive treatments (MITs) for PTMC in comparison to traditional surgical methods and active surveillance, and to assess their role in current clinical practice.

Methods

A structured literature review was conducted using keywords related to PTMC, MIT, and comparative techniques. Studies were evaluated based on treatment modality, patient selection, follow-up duration, complication rates, and clinical outcomes.

Results

MITs have shown promising results in the management of PTMC. These treatments offer several advantages over surgery, such as reduced use of surgical resources, lower costs, minimal work disruption, and fewer major complications. However, there are still limitations, including the need for long-term surveillance and the potential risk of incomplete tumor ablation.

Conclusions

MITs represent a promising non-surgical option for managing low-risk PTMC, especially for patients ineligible for or refusing surgery. Despite favorable outcomes, more robust prospective data are needed to confirm their long-term benefits and completeness of tumor ablation. Interdisciplinary discussions and thorough patient education on the advantages and limitations of MITs are crucial for informed decision-making.
CBX1 is involved in hepatocellular carcinoma progression and resistance to sorafenib and lenvatinib via IGF-1R/AKT/SNAIL signaling pathway
Authors: Zheng Su-Su , Wu Jing-Fang , Wu Wei-Xun , Hu Jin-Wu , Zhang Dai , Huang Cheng , Zhang Bo-Heng
Published: May 2024

Background

Chromobox Homolog 1 (CBX1) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including the evolution and advancement of diverse cancers. The role of CBX1 in pan-cancer and its mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, remains to be further investigated.

Methods

Bioinformatics approaches were harnessed to scrutinize CBX1’s expression profile, its association with tumor staging, and its potential impact on patient outcomes across various cancers. Single-cell RNA sequencing data facilitated the investigation of CBX1 expression patterns at the individual cell level. The CBX1 expression levels in HCC and adjacent non-tumor tissues were quantified through Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), Western Blotting (WB), and Immunohistochemical analyses. A tissue microarray was employed to explore the relationship between CBX1 levels, patient prognosis, and clinicopathological characteristics in HCC. Various in vitro assays—including CCK-8, colony formation, Transwell invasion, and scratch tests—were conducted to assess the proliferative and motility properties of HCC cells upon modulation of CBX1 expression. Moreover, the functional impact of CBX1 on HCC was further discerned through xenograft studies in nude mice.

Results

CBX1 was found to be upregulated in most cancer forms, with heightened expression correlating with adverse patient prognoses. Within the context of HCC, elevated levels of CBX1 were consistently indicative of poorer clinical outcomes. Suppression of CBX1 through knockdown methodologies markedly diminished HCC cell proliferation, invasive capabilities, migratory activity, Epithelial−mesenchymal transition (EMT) processes, and resistance to Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Contrastingly, CBX1 augmentation facilitated the opposite effects. Subsequent investigative efforts revealed CBX1 to be a promoter of EMT and a contributor to increased TKI resistance within HCC cells, mediated via the IGF-1R/AKT/SNAIL signaling axis. The oncogenic activities of CBX1 proved to be attenuable either by AKT pathway inhibition or by targeted silencing of IGF-1R.

Conclusions

The broad overexpression of CBX1 in pan-cancer and specifically in HCC positions it as a putative oncogenic entity. It is implicated in forwarding HCC progression and exacerbating TKI resistance through its interaction with the IGF-1R/AKT/SNAIL signaling cascade.
High MAL2 expression predicts shorter survival in women with triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Borowczak Jędrzej , Zdrenka Marek , Socha Weronika , Gostomczyk Karol , Szczerbowski Krzysztof , Maniewski Mateusz , Andrusewicz Hanna , Łysik-Miśkurka Joanna , Nowikiewicz Tomasz , Szylberg Łukasz , Bodnar Magdalena
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Due to its lack of conventional surface receptors, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is inherently resistant to most targeted therapies. MAL2 overexpression prompts endocytosis, conferring resistance to novel therapeutics. This study explores the role of MAL2 and PD-L1 in TNBC patients’ prognosis.

Methods

We performed immunohistochemical analysis on 111 TNBC samples collected from 76 patients and evaluated the expression of MAL2 and PD-1. We expanded the study by including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort.

Results

MAL2 expression did not correlate with stage, grade, tumor size, lymph node invasion, metastasis, and PD-1 expression. Patients with high MAL2 had significantly lower 5-year survival rates (71.33% vs. 89.59%, p = 0.0224). In the tissue microarray cohort (TMA), node invasions, size, recurrence, and low MAL2 (HR 0.29 [CI 95% 0.087–0.95]; p < 0.05) predicted longer patients’ survival. In the TCGA cohort, patients with low MAL2 had significantly longer overall survival and disease-specific survival than patients with high MAL2. Older age and high MAL2 expression were the only independent predictors of shorter patient survival in the BRCA TCGA cohort.

Conclusion

High MAL2 predicts unfavorable prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer, and its expression is independent of PD-1 levels and clinicopathological features of TNBC.
The Ethical Implications of Illusionism
Authors: Frankish Keith
Published: May 2024

Illusionism is a revisionary view of consciousness, which denies the existence of the phenomenal properties traditionally thought to render experience conscious. The view has theoretical attractions, but some think it also has objectionable ethical implications. They take illusionists to be denying the existence of consciousness itself, or at least of the thing that gives consciousness its ethical value, and thus as undermining our established ethical attitudes. This article responds to this objection. I argue that, properly understood, illusionism neither denies the existence of consciousness nor entails that consciousness does not ground ethical value. It merely offers a different account of what consciousness is and why it grounds ethical value. The article goes on to argue that the theoretical revision proposed by illusionists does have some indirect implications for our ethical attitudes but that these are wholly attractive and progressive ones. The illusionist perspective on consciousness promises to make ethical decision making easier and to extend the scope of our ethical concern. Illusionism is good news.