bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comunicação visual de roupas brancas: uma pesquisa exploratória no Museu Nacional do Traje, Lisboa – Portugal (1900-1930) | Visual communication of undergarment: an exploratory research at the Museu Nacional do Traje, Lisbon – Portugal (1900-1930)
Authors: Muller Caroline , Barbosa Helena , Corrêa Ronaldo De Oliveira
Published: December 2020

Monogramas, inscrições, ornamentos e representações de elementos gráficos eram características recorrentes e constituintes das roupas brancas do início do século XX. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar considerações sobre a comunicação visual presente neste tipo de artefato entre os anos 1900 e 1930. Para isso, foram analisadas peças tridimensionais, catálogos e periódicos pertencentes ao arquivo do Museu Nacional do Traje, em Lisboa – Portugal. Busca-se, a partir das fontes tridimensionais, associado a fontes textuais e iconográficas, apresentar as múltiplas formas e usos da comunicação visual nas roupas brancas, tais como os tipos de inscrição, localização de representações e marcas nas peças, bem como discorrer sobre questões simbólicas e históricas que determinam a importância dessas características na configuração das vestimentas.*****Monograms, inscriptions, ornaments and representations of graphic elements were recurring features and constituents of the undergarments of the early twentieth century. This paper aims to present considerations about the visual communication found on this type of artifact between 1900 and 1930. To achieve such, three-dimensional pieces, catalogs and periodicals from the archive of the National Museum of the Costume, in Lisbon – Portugal, were analyzed. In this sense, from the three-dimensional sources, associated with textual and iconographic sources, this study sought to present the multiple forms and uses of visual communication in undergarments, such as types of inscription, location of representations and marks on the pieces, as well as to discuss questions symbolic and historical factors that determine the importance of these characteristics in the configuration of clothing.
Design para construção e avaliação de objetos de aprendizagem mediados pela internet
Authors: Portugal Cristina , Couto Rita M. de S.
Published: December 2020

Este artigo uma sntese de uma pesquisa que resultou na elaborao de um guia para anlise de design deinterface luz do Design, da IHC e da Pedagogia, com o objetivo de realizar uma avaliao de aspectos deusabilidade em ambiente de aprendizagem a distncia. Esta investigao analisa a atuao do designercomo potencializador da informao e da comunicao nos ambientes de aprendizagem mediados pelainternet. Com tais procedimentos visa-se o desenvolvimento de interfaces centradas no usurio e a melhoriados padres de ambientes educacionais, tornando o aprendizado a distncia mais produtivo e interativo. Paraa validao do guia, objeto da presente estudo, foi utilizado o ambiente Oficina Projeto Didtico, que oferecida pela CCEAD, Coordenao Central de Educao a Distncia da PUC-Rio. [ Download ]
Cinedesign: tipografia no cinema
Authors: Las-Casas Luiz Fernando
Published: December 2020

Viso geral de um trabalho de suma importncia, uma dissertao de doutorado Cinedesign: tipografia e design grfico no cinema (2006), onde os elementos e princpios do Design Audiovisual so analisados de acordo com duas grandes categorias de design grfico no cinema, ou seja, Tipografia Narrativa e Tipografia Informacional. Cinedesign est inserido no design audiovisual e resulta da combinao de imagens grficas com imagens de ao e som. Mtodos e processos de comunicao visual se fundem com tcnicas de narrativa a fim de transmitir e comunicar ideias e sentimentos. [ Download ]
Um mapeamento de estudos de cores frente ao Modelo SENS|ORG|INT de percepção visual de modo a identificar princípios cromáticos que tendem a ser generalizáveis aos seres humanos
Authors: Csillag Paula
Published: December 2020

Este artigo discute teorias existentes sobre cor e como estas relacionam-se com o modelo de percepo visual SENS|ORG|INT, que pode ser usado no design. O intuito principal deste modelo diferenciar conceitos e princpios de design e linguagem visual que tendem a ser generalizveis a todos os seres humanos com viso normal, daqueles conceitos e princpios que no tendem. Estes ltimos so culturais, aprendidos ou interpretados de alguma forma pelo observador. Alm deste, h um outro motivo para a elaborao deste modelo que a inteno de unificar a interdisciplinaridade do estudo da percepo. Encontram-se estudos sobre percepo visual advindos de diferentes disciplinas como, psicologia, neurologia, design e artes. Com esta estrutura, agora aplicada a cor, profissionais que lidam com imagtica podem diferenciar conceitos relacionados sintaxe da linguagem cromtica vlidos como leis, daqueles conceitos que no podem ser generalizados a todos os seres humanos.
Shorumê, a história do monstro de lixo: uma perspectiva de aplicação do design participativo no projeto de animações educacionais
Authors: Miranda Fabiano , Waiss Carlos Leonardo
Published: December 2020

Este artigo apresenta o desenvolvimento de uma animao educacional sobre o lixo domstico a ser utilizada como instrumento de ensino em salas de aula. O projeto, relativo ao Trabalho de Concluso do Curso de Design Grfico na Universidade Federal do Paran, consistiu em quatro etapas: (1) fundamentao terica; (2) adaptao de um modelo de design participativo; (3) produo da animao; e (4) reflexo sobre o resultado alcanado. No mtodo de design empregado, com base terico-metodolgica do Design da Informao e do Cinema de Animao, destaca-se a participao do pblico em algumas de suas etapas. Considera-se que essa participao refletiu de maneira positiva nos resultados obtidos quanto apreciabilidade e compreensibilidade da animao educacional desenvolvida. Dessa forma, este artigo vem reiterar a importncia do design participativo em projetos de Design da Informao.
'Nuevo epiciclo al gran rubí del día'. El duque de Lerma, la danza cortesana y la imagen del poder
Authors: D’Artois Florence
Published: December 2020

Este artículo propone explorar la compleja interrelación entre Felipe III y el duque de Lerma, su valido, a través de un prisma poco utilizado por la historiografía: la danza cortesana. En la muy ambiciosa política festiva del valido, la danza ocupa un papel especial que responde al gusto específico del monarca por este arte y que no tendrá equivalentes en la posteridad bajo los Austrias. En este contexto, la danza cortesana es uno de los soportes de la representación alegórica de la monarquía que opera en las fiestas reales. Partiendo de estas premisas, el artículo se pregunta cómo la danza afecta a este sistema de representación cuando está en manos del valido, es decir, no solo un partícipe cualquiera de las danzas, sino aquel que baila al lado del rey y, sobre todo, aquel que termina teniendo suficiente poder como para costear saraos o máscaras capaces de emular la magnificencia real.
Desafíos climáticos y cooperación internacional en el marco de la Agenda 2030
Authors: Díaz Meníndez Florencia
Published: December 2020

El cambio climático representa una de las principales amenazas a las que se enfrenta la humanidad en el Siglo XXI. El incremento de la temperatura mundial como consecuencia de las actividades humanas ha significado la aparición de fenómenos meteorológicos cada vez más extremos que vulneran la vida de las personas y ponen en riesgo su desarrollo. Ante este contexto la comunidad internacional interviene para tratar este tema y llegar a acuerdos que permitan dar solución a un desafío global. Los efectos del calentamiento de la tierra se hacen más evidentes, por lo tanto, se requiere tomar acciones urgentes y crear alianzas a fin de cumplir con los objetivos planteados para alcanzar la neutralidad climática y lograr así un desarrollo sostenible. En este sentido México y España a través de la relación bilateral cooperan para hacer frente a la crisis climática. El objetivo de este artículo es entender los hechos actuales que dan pauta al cam-bio climático al que nos enfrentamos en el 2020.
ALTERNATIVE DESIGN AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF AN EXPERIMENTAL WHR FOR INTAKE AIR CONDITIONING OF A LARGE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
Authors: Paula V. B. , Chun A. , Miotto B. M. , Cunha C. C. M. , Santos J. J. C. C. S.
Published: December 2020

This work presents an alternative design for an experimental waste heat recovery thermal system to be coupled to a large turbocharged internal combustion engine for combustion air conditioning. The goal is to carry out a design of a new thermal system under restricted economic requirements for one of the generators set of Luiz Oscar Rodrigues de Melo Thermoelectric Power Plant. Thereby, a comparison with the original proposal from previous works is also developed in order to demonstrate the differences in terms of thermo-economic design parameters. The waste recovery thermal system produces sufficient chilled water through a single-effect absorption chiller, powered by hot water which is produced by recovering the exhaust gases residual heat to supply cooling applications on the combustion air. The results showed a significant reduction for the chiller capacity demand, from 550 to 185 RT, that would be enough to provide chilled water for 98.72% of the analyzed operation historical period. The economic feasibility indicators reveal the proposal for the alternative waste heat recovery system as the best financial option, presenting a lower investment cost (US$316,793.27 of savings) and a time for capital recovery of 2.14 years, 1.61 years shorter when compared with the initial WHR system.
An iterative k-means clustering approach for identification of bicycle impediments in an urban traffic network
Authors: Holmgren Johan , Knapen Luk , Olsson Viktor , Persson Masud Alexander
Published: December 2020

The bicycle has many positive effects; however, bicyclists are more vulnerable than users of other transport modes, and the number of bicycle related injuries and fatalities are too high. We present a clustering analysis aiming to support the identification of the locations of bicyclists' perceived unsafety in an urban traffic network, so-called bicycle impediments. In particular, we present an iterative k-means clustering approach, which in contrast to standard k-means clustering, enables to remove outliers and solitary points from the data set. In our study, we used data collected by bicyclists travelling in the city of Lund, Sweden, where each data point defines a location and time of a bicyclist's perceived unsafety. The results of our study show that 1) clustering is a useful approach in order to support the identification of perceived unsafe locations for bicyclists in an urban traffic network and 2) it might be beneficial to combine different types of clustering to support the identification process. Furthermore, using the adjusted Rand index, our results indicate high robustness of our iterative k-means clustering approach.
Automatic Control of the Weld Bead Geometry
Authors: Alvarez Bestard Guillermo , Crisostomo Absi Alfaro Sadek
Published: December 2020

Automatic control of the welding process is complex due to its nonlinear and stochastic behavior and the difficulty for measuring the principal magnitudes and closing the control loop. Fusion welds involve melting and subsequent solidification of one or more materials. The geometry of the weld bead is a good indicator of the melting and solidification process, so its control is essential to obtain quality junctions. Different sensing, modeling, estimation, and control techniques are used to overcome this challenge, but most of the studies are using static single-input/single-output models of the process and focusing on the flat welding position. However, theory and practice demonstrate that dynamic models are the best representation to obtain satisfactory control performance, and multivariable techniques reduce the effect of interactions between control loops in the process. Also, many industrial applications need to control orbital welding. In this chapter, the above topics are discussed.
Cementitious Grouts Containing Irradiated Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate
Authors: Imran Khan Muhammad , Hartadi Sutanto Muslich , Bin Napiah Madzlan , E. Zoorob Salah
Published: December 2020

This chapter describes a review of the design and formulation of various cementitious grouts for semi-flexible pavement surfaces. Additionally, the authors also conducted extensive experimental work on the possibility of using a most effective and innovative way of recycling waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) by exposing to gamma radiation and using as a replacement of Ordinary portland cement in the formulation of cement grouts for semi-flexible pavement surfaces. In the current study, cement in the grouts was replaced with PET (regular and irradiated), fly ash and silica fume and was evaluated for flowability and strength properties. The study concludes that normal PET causes a significant reduction in compressive strength, however, some of the strength is restored when irradiated PET was used. The recycling of waste PET, as a cement replacement in the cementitious grouts for semi-flexible pavement surfaces, with the irradiation process can be doubled as compared to utilizing normal/regular PET.
Adsorption of Heavy Metals by Microwave Activated Shale/Asphaltite Char/Zeolite Granule Composts from Hazardous Sludges and Industrial Waste Slurries
Authors: İsmail Tosun Yıldırım
Published: December 2020

There is a great concern about surface water pollution with high level mercury, lead (Pb) over 10 mg/l, 30 mg/l to the fishing lakes and streams in Şırnak Province even contaminating fresh water fishing and poisonening of human by merury and lead in thr region. The chromium over 50 mg/l from industrial seepages was disposed to lakes and streams in our country. There is a great green concern prompting land in order to control acidic mine waters so that the research study controlled and avoided hazardous metal limits of residual stream contaminants of heavy metals by sorption local clay and zeolite compost. The contamination rate changes to those based on seepage concentrations and wetness. The stream amendments, such as shale char carbonized from Şırnak asphaltite containing 52–60% shale activated by acid washing under microwave radiation as geo material composted for waste water treatment should control contaminated effluents concentration. The field studies to evaluate the stability of heavy metal concentrations and salts were scarce. The initial objective of this study was to determine the effects of seepage flow to surface and groundwater from the industrial discharge. In this study, important investigations have been made on composite granules production with Şırnak shale char and zeolite feed in order to activated in microwave oven 2 M HCl dissolution. The compost sorbent for high level heavy metal sorption in laboratory water packed bed column adsorption compost system. However, the results of filled packed bed zeolite yield high metal transfer to compost. Due to the complex chemistry of shale pores, and high porosity, heat conduction improved in the microwave sorption depended on granule size decreased. The other heavy metal sorption distribution was changed in the activation dependent on the microwave heating power.
Convective Heat and Mass Transfer of Two Fluids in a Vertical Channel
Authors: Babu Baluguri Suresh , Srinivas G.
Published: December 2020

A mathematical model for convective heat and mass transfer of two immiscible fluids in a vertical channel of variable width with thermo-diffusion, diffusion-thermal effects is presented. The governing boundary layer equations generated for momentum, angular momentum, energy and species concentration are solved with appropriate boundary conditions using Galeriken finite element method. The effects of the pertinent parameters are studied in detail. Furthermore, the rate of heat transfer, mass transfer and shear stress near both walls is analyzed.
Direct Numerical Simulation of Nano Channel Flows at Low Reynolds Number
Authors: Srinivasa Rao P.
Published: December 2020

The governing equations of viscous fluid flow are generally represented by Navier–Stokes (NS) equations. The output of Navier Stokes equations is in essence velocity vector from which rest of the flow parameters can be calculated. It is essentially a riotous task, sometimes it becomes so unmanageable that fluid flow over simplest topologies under low Reynold’s numbers also needs the most powerful supercomputing facility to solve, if needed to model the fluid and its behavior under the turbulent conditions the best way out is to solve the averaged NS equations. However in the process of averaging Reynolds introduced certain new terms such as Reynolds Stresses. Therefore it is required to close the system of equations by relating the unknown variables with known ones. Hence we have turbulence models. Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) is a method of solving NS equations directly that is by forfeiting the need of turbulence models as the equations are not averaged. However originally direct numerical simulation procedure does not need of additional closure equations, it is essential to have very fine grid elements and should be estimated for exceptionally small time steps to achieve precise solutions. In the present chapter an interesting flow through nano-channel problem has been discussed using the indispensable mathematical technique of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) which is DNS.
The Discrete Quincunx Wavelet Packet Transform
Authors: Bassou Abdesselam
Published: December 2020

This chapter aims to present an efficient compression algorithm based on quincunx wavelet packet transform that can be applied on any image of size 128×128 or bigger. Therefore, a division process into sub-images of size 128×128 was applied on three gray-scale image databases, then pass each sub-image through the wavelet transform and a bit-level encoder, to finally compress the sub-image with respect to a fixed bit rate. The quality of the reconstructed image is evaluated using several parameters at a given bit rate. In order to improve the quality in sense of the evaluation quality, an exhaustive search has led to the best packet decomposition base. Two versions of the proposed compression scheme were performed; the optimal version is able to decrease the effect of block boundary artifacts (caused by the image division process) by 27.70% considering a natural image. This optimal version of the compression scheme was compared with JPEG standard using the quality evaluation parameters and visual observation. As a result, the proposed compression scheme presents a competitive performance to JPEG standard; where the proposed scheme performs a peak signal to noise ratio of 0.88dB over JPEG standard at a bit rate of 0.50bpp for a satellite image.
Centralised Traffic Control and Green Light Optimal Speed Advisory Procedure in Mixed Traffic Flow: An Integrated Modelling Framework
Authors: Di Pace Roberta , Fiori Chiara , Pariota Luigi , Storani Facundo
Published: December 2020

The paper aims to develop an integrated modelling framework for urban network traffic control in the presence of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs). The framework is further composed of two sub models: the first of which focuses on the traffic control problem in the case of hybrid flow conditions (unequipped vehicles and connected vehicles) and the second aims to control the automated vehicles in terms of speed optimisation. The traffic control strategy drew on the hybrid combination between the centralised approach based on a multi-objective optimisation and a link metering based on a single control function; whilst with reference to the speed guidance, the GLOSA (Green Light Optimal Speed Advisory) procedure was considered. Furthermore, the presence of connected vehicles has also been considered to support the estimation procedure of location and speed of unequipped vehicles. In terms of traffic flow modelling the microscopic approach has been applied. The proposed framework was applied by considering a simple real network (in the city centre of Naples, in the Southern of Italy) that was composed by one origin–destination pair and two alternative paths. The network layout is characterised by one diversion node and two alternative paths connecting the same origin - destination pair; three scenarios were tested: the first was only based on a centralised traffic control procedure, the second on speed guidance optimisation and the third was based on the combination of both sub-models. Finally, the framework effectiveness was analised in terms of within-day dynamics with respect to the travel times and queue length performance indices.
O Lúdico em tempos de (des)esperanças
Authors: Aguiar Jonathan
Published: December 2020

O presente texto baseia-se em uma roda de conversa, intitulada: “Imaginação e Lúdico”, realizada no I Ciclo de Conversa da Brinquedoteca Pedagoginga, da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) de modo virtual. Desse modo, apresenta-se um breve relato de experiência que busca contribuir para construção de conhecimento e ampliação do debate sobre a importância do brincar e das atividades lúdicas-criadoras na decorrência de um período de pandemia e pós-pandemia. Após a reflexão das ideias de Lauand (2006), Vigotski (2014) sobre lúdico e criatividade, concluímos que diante do brincar abrimos novas janelas para se aprender a conviver, acolher o outro e viver saudavelmente entre o riso e o choro. O lúdico significa ação e sua dimensão torna potência quando recriamos, elaboramos novos mundos a nossa volta recuperando as experiências que vivemos.
Tending to an Overgrown Garden
Authors: Hyams Rebecca
Published: December 2020

In 2019, the Borough of Manhattan Community College’s library undertook a massive cleanup and reconfiguration of the content and guides contained in their LibGuides v2 system, which had been allowed to grow out of control over several years as no one was in charge of its maintenance. This article follows the process from identifying issues, getting departmental buy-in, and doing all of the necessary cleanup work for links and guides. The aim of the project was to make their guides easier for students to use and understand and for librarians to maintain. At the same time, work was done to improve the look and feel of their guides and implement the built-in A-Z database list, both of which are also discussed.
EL “LUGAR” DE LA INTERPRETACIÓN CONFORME CON EL CEDH EN EL ORDENAMIENTO ITALIANO
Authors: Caruso Corrado
Published: December 2020

El trabajo hace un estudio de la interpretación convencionalmente orientada y su conexion con la interpretación conforme en el ordenamiento italiano, estudiando sus límites estructurales y axiológicos. Asimismo, se ocupa de las relaciones entre el ordenamiento constitucional italiano y el convencional.

The “place” of the interpretation in conformity with the ECHR in the Italian legal order

 Abstract

            This essay studies the interpretation in conformity with the ECHR and its connection with the interpretation in conformity with the Constitution the Italian legal order, analyzing its structural and axiological limits. Likewise, the study deals with the relationships between the italian constitutional order and the conventional order.
Cafés diferenciados y sus mercados potenciales en Puerto Rico: Un enfoque de valoración económica
Authors: Tavárez Héctor , Álamo Carmen , Cortés Mildred
Published: December 2020

We used Likert-scale questions and the choice experiment method to evaluate the general perception of consumers regarding differentiated products and to estimate their willingness to pay for characteristics of a differentiated coffee, respectively (N=172). The three characteristics perceived as most important are that the product does not use child labor, that more detailed product information is provided in the packaging and that it is produced locally. In addition, we found that consumers are willing to pay between $1,37 and $4,38, in addition to the current price, for an 8-ounce package of coffee with different production characteristics.
La “esfera de creación” de El final de don Álvaro, de Conrado del Campo: un drama lírico español con esencias románticas
Authors: Ferreiro Carballo David
Published: December 2020

En este artículo se estudia el proceso de creación de El final de don Álvaro, drama lírico en un acto y dos cuadros sobre un libreto de Carlos Fernández Shaw y música de Conrado del Campo. Para ello nos serviremos del concepto de “mediación”, de manera que, además de analizar los mecanismos asumidos por ambos autores durante la poiesis de la ópera, veremos de qué manera se proyectan en el proceso las características culturales, estéticas e ideológicas del contexto en el que se inserta la obra. El punto de partida será la acotación y adaptación personal de un argumento teatral preexistente: Don Álvaro o La fuerza del sino (1835), del duque de Rivas. A continuación, se analizarán las razones que llevaron al compositor a elegir solo la parte final de este asunto: el potencial musical de su esencia romántica. Después veremos cómo el libretista afrontó la elaboración de un texto según las necesidades del compositor, y terminaremos explorando la incidencia de la principal influencia musical del momento: el wagnerismo, un lenguaje que será combinado con el canto popular para crear un nuevo modelo de ópera española: el drama lírico nacional.
Interpretación musical como investigación: una perspectiva desde la práctica interpretativa de música reciente para guitarra
Authors: Castro Magas Diego
Published: December 2020

El objetivo de este estudio es plantear el caso de la práctica interpretativa de música notada como investigación. Se discuten problemas y discursos acerca de la relación entre práctica artística e investigación en general, planteados originalmente en el Reino Unido y Europa, para luego examinar las necesidades específicas de la interpretación musical a través de modelos existentes. Se considera en particular el rol del análisis musical en estas prácticas, así como la importancia del conocimiento corporeizado (también llamado conocimiento tácito) en los procesos interpretativos. Se propone un modelo que es aplicado en dos estudios de caso dentro de la práctica reciente del propio autor, mediante extractos de música para guitarra de Brian Ferneyhough y Wieland Hoban. Se evalúa el aporte epistemológico de la aplicación de este modelo, así como su impacto en el sonido musical ejemplificado en distintos archivos multimediales con interpretaciones tanto del autor como de otros intérpretes. Bajo la premisa de que uno de los principales potenciales de la práctica como investigación es hacer explícito lo tácito, finalmente se interroga la pertinencia del modelo delineado en estos términos.
SIMULAÇÕES E SIMULACROS NA CONSTRUÇÃO DE ESTEREÓTIPOS NO COMERCIAL DE O BOTICÁRIO
Authors: Dallagnol Lucas , Alves Geraldes Junior Gutemberg
Published: December 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo averiguar simulacros e simulações na concepção de estereótipos no anúncio publicitário selecionado. Busca-se entender como a beleza é transformada em uma ferramenta sedutora para encantar as pessoas e facilitar o processo de venda de uma mercadoria. Para tais finalidades, utilizamos como objeto de estudo o comercial “Oba! Chegou Cuide-se Bem Deleite”, do Boticário. Trata-se de uma análise qualitativa da ação de simulacros e simulações, com suporte em especial das teorias de Baudrillard (1991), na construção de estereótipos nesta propaganda, pela qual foi possível constatar que tal narrativa publicitária está envolvida, contraditoriamente, por um discurso de inclusão. O que resulta na produção de uma beleza irreal, mas que por seu excesso de perfeição nos parece mais verdadeira do que a própria realidade.
How Does Geographical Distance between Married Couples Matter? Analysis of Domains of Marital Conflict and Resolution Styles
Authors: Johari Shikha , Singh Ritu , Mehra Manisha
Published: December 2020

Conflicts are an inescapable part of every relationship. Between married people, conflicts are not necessarily destructive since they provide valuable clues that show the growing edges of the relationship and the areas that need to be worked on for making it richer and deeper. Hence, the key to successful marital relationship is not to avoid conflicts but learn how to effectively deal with them. Geographical distance between married partners is likely to influence the relationship dynamics and strategies of conflict resolution. Holding onto this thought, the present study was undertaken to identify the common areas of conflict and strategies to resolve them among Living Apart Together Couples (LATC) and Proximal couples (PC). The sample comprised of a total of 150 heterosexual couples (75 LATC and 75 PC) drawn through snowball sampling technique from Distt. Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand. Both, husbands’ and wives’ responses on their areas of conflict and strategies of resolution were recorded using self-structured and standardized tools respectively. Mixed methods of data collection were used in the present study namely mail questionnaire, face to face and telephonic interviews. Findings reveal almost similar patterns and frequency of conflicts in all domains of marriage among LATC and PC. However, LATC and PC slightly differed on their conflict resolution strategies. LATC were seen to adopt separation strategy and PC practiced avoidance strategy significantly more to resolve conflict with their marriage partners. Conflict resolution strategies like compromise, interactional reactivity, domination and submission were seen to be equally prevalent among the two groups under study.
HIV, Syphilis, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C in Incarcerated Women in a Metropolitan Detention Center in Northeast Brazil
Authors: Neta Maria de Souza Barros , Eleutério Renata Mírian Nunes , Branco Mariana Brito Dantas Castelo , Junior José Eleutério
Published: December 2020

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that attacks the immune system cells, and causes AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Incarcerated populations have a recognized increased risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Objectives: The study was aimed to identify the frequency of HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B/C in women incarcerated in a prison in a big city in northeast Brazil.

Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study.

Methodology: The sample was composed of incarcerated women in a medium- to high-security prison in a metropolitan region in northeast Brazil. Between January and October 2018, 200 prisoners were interviewed to collect their socio-demographic data. At that time, a drop of peripheral blood was collected to perform syphilis, HIV, and hepatitis B and C rapid tests after informed consent was obtained.

Results: The age of the women ranged from 19 to 62 years old (mean=32.85±10.4). The time of incarceration varied between less than one to 10 years (mean=3.6±2.1). The majority of the women were single (71.5%), not pregnant (97%), mixed race (68.5%), housewives (30.5%) and had an elementary school education (51%). Among the 122 women tested for syphilis, 24 were positive (19.7%). HIV was present in 4 of the 200 tested woman (2%), and hepatitis C was identified in 3 of the 91 tested patients. All 85 patients tested for hepatitis B were negative. When considering the time of incarceration, the results were not significantly different.

Conclusion: Only the frequency of syphilis was high, at almost 20%, which is higher than those observed in other studies from other regions of Brazil and other countries.
Comparison of germ cell differentiation of rat testis fragments cultured in knockout serum replacement versus Albumax™ I
Authors: Nakamura Noriko , Sloper Daniel T.
Published: December 2020

Background

Spermatogenesis complexity makes reliable in vitro testis model development challenging. Previously, we evaluated an in vitro mouse testis organ culture system for assessing testicular toxicity. However, rat models are commonly used for drug/chemical toxicity testing; therefore, we assessed the effects of media on germ cell differentiation in cultured rat testis fragments.

Methods

Testes from postnatal day 5 Sprague–Dawley (Hsd:SD) rats were cultured in knockout serum replacement (KSR) or Albumax™ I (Albumax) medium. For testis morphology and germ cell differentiation, rat testis fragments were collected on days 20, 27, 35, 42, 49, and 63 of culture for histology/immunohistochemistry using antibodies to spermatogenesis‐specific markers. The fragments collected on days 20, 27, 42, 49, and 63 were used for qPCR.

Results

Pachytene spermatocyte (PS) differentiation was observed in rat testis fragments cultured in KSR and Albumax. However, there were more seminiferous tubules (STs) with PS in rat testis fragments cultured in Albumax than in KSR. Over 60% of STs with germ cell differentiation were observed in rat testis fragments when cultured in Albumax on days 20, 27, and 35, whereas this figure showed only on day 20 when cultured in KSR.

Conclusions

This study found only PS differentiation in rat testis fragments. Compared to KSR, Albumax appears to contribute to increased PS production. This in vitro rat testis organ culture system may be useful for assessing testicular toxicity. However, PS differentiation per ST is lower in rat testis fragments; further studies are required to improve this rat testis organ culture system.
Formation of High‐Quality Heteroepitaxial β‐Ga2O3 Films by Crystal Phase Transition
Authors: Lee Hansol , Kim Soyoon , Ahn Hyungsoo , Kim Kyounghwa , Yang Min
Published: December 2020

Sn‐doped ɛ‐phase dominant Ga2O3 films (ɛ‐Ga2O3 films) are grown on c‐plane sapphire substrates using metal–organic vapor‐phase epitaxy and transformed to β‐phase films by thermal annealing. The morphological and electrical properties of the phase‐transformed β‐Ga2O3 films dependent on experimental conditions are characterized. The ɛ‐Ga2O3 film is completely transformed to the β‐phase by thermal annealing to realize a high electrical conductivity while maintaining a good surface flatness. When the ɛ‐Ga2O3 films are grown, a mixing ratio of the β‐Ga2O3 component to the ɛ‐Ga2O3 film is controlled to improve the crystalline quality of the β‐Ga2O3 films transformed from ɛ‐Ga2O3 by annealing (transformed β‐Ga2O3). Compared to an as‐grown β‐Ga2O3 film, higher‐quality heteroepitaxial β‐Ga2O3 films with better electrical conductivity and surface morphology can be obtained by the phase transition method, and these results show adequate repeatability.
Effect of controlled soil drying on the grain yield and nutritional quality of rice
Authors: Ju Chengxin , Liu Tao , Sun Chengming
Published: December 2020

Controlled soil drying can substantially enhance water use efficiency by reducing irrigation water. However, grain quality traits are yet to be studied under such an irrigation regime, particularly on nutritional quality and heavy metal residues. This study investigated these issues by using two varieties Yongyou 2640 (YY‐2) and Nanjing 9108 (NJ‐9). Rice (Oryza sativa L.) was grown in the field under controlled soil drying (SD) and continuous flooding irrigation (FI). The results showed that, compared with FI, SD increased grain yield and nutritional quality simultaneously for both NJ‐9 and YY‐2. When compared with NJ‐9, YY‐2 had greater grain and protein yield, higher concentrations of As and Cd, and higher photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate when plants were rewatered. Although the relative content of protein and essential amino acids decreased in the SD regime, the absolute content (protein yield and amino acid yield) was increased. Besides, SD improved protein components and essential amino acid score (AAS) and decreased residues of As. The results demonstrated that SD improved photosynthetic characteristics and increased grain abscisic acid levels of inferior grains during soil drying. The results suggest that the adoption of SD may exert a synergistic effect on both grain yield and grain quality.
A new approach for balancing the microbial synthesis of ethyl acetate and other volatile metabolites during aerobic bioreactor cultivations
Authors: Löser Christian , Kupsch Christian , Walther Thomas , Hoffmann Andreas
Published: December 2020

Ethyl acetate is an organic solvent with many industrial applications, currently produced by energy‐intensive chemical processes based on fossil carbon resources. Ethyl acetate can be synthesized from renewable sugars by yeasts like Kluyveromyces marxianus in aerobic processes. However, ethyl acetate is highly volatile and thus stripped from aerated cultivation systems which complicate the quantification of the produced ester. Synthesis of volatile metabolites is commonly monitored by repeated analysis of metabolite concentrations in both the gas and liquid phase. In this study, a model‐based method for quantifying the synthesis and degradation of volatile metabolites was developed. This quantification of volatiles is solely based on repeatedly measured gas‐phase concentrations and allows calculation of reaction rates and yields in high temporal resolution. Parameters required for these calculations were determined in abiotic stripping tests. The developed method was validated for ethyl acetate, ethanol and acetaldehyde which were synthesized by K. marxianus DSM 5422 during an iron‐limited batch cultivation; it was shown that the presented method is more precise and less time‐consuming than the conventional method. The biomass‐specific synthesis rate and the yield of ethyl acetate varied over time and exhibited distinct momentary maxima of 0.50 g g‒1h‒1 and 0.38 g g‒1 at moderate iron limitation.
pH‐dependent lubrication mechanism of graphene oxide aqueous lubricants on the strip surface during cold rolling
Authors: Meng Weixin , Sun Jianlin , Wang Chenglong , Wu Ping
Published: December 2020

The tribological performance and lubrication mechanism of graphene oxide (GO) aqueous lubricants with different pH levels on the strip surfaces during cold rolling were investigated. And triethanolamine (TEA) was used to adjust the pH levels of GO lubricants. The morphology of GO and physical characterization of GO lubricants were carried out. Four‐ball tribological tests and cold rolling experiments were conducted to obtain the tribological behaviors of GO lubricants on the strip surfaces. To figure out the lubrication mechanism, the surfaces of the rolled strips using GO lubricants were analyzed utilizing a series of experiments. The increase in the pH value of lubricants changed the intrinsic structure of GO, resulting in better dispersibility and wettability. The change of physical characteristics significantly improved the antifriction and antiwear properties of lubricants, and the alkaline lubricant (pH 9.0) exhibited the best lubrication performance. A diameter–height ratio (λd) applied by a calculation method was proposed to approximatively ascertain the lubrication regime during the cold rolling. The λd and the surface quality of the rolled strips indicated that the lubrication regime was the boundary lubrication when using the alkaline lubricant. Moreover, GO particles in the alkaline lubricant could repair the strip surface by mending effect and form the physically adsorbed layers. The layers prevented direct contact between rolled surfaces, further amending the surface quality of the rolled strips.
Highly Efficient InGaN Nanorods Photoelectrode by Constructing Z‐scheme Charge Transfer System for Unbiased Water Splitting
Authors: Lin Jing , Zhang Zhijie , Chai Jixing , Cao Ben , Deng Xi , Wang Wenliang , Liu Xingjiang , Li Guoqiang
Published: December 2020

Unbiased photoelectrochemical water splitting for the promising InGaN nanorods photoelectrode is highly desirable, but it is practically hindered by the serious recombination of charge carrier in bulk and surface of InGaN nanorods. Herein, an unbiased Z‐scheme InGaN nanorods/Cu2O nanoparticles heterostructured system with boosted interfacial charge transfer is constructed for the first time. The introduced Cu2O nanoparticles pose double‐sided effect on photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of InGaN nanorods, which enables a robust hybrid structure and induces weakened light absorption capability simultaneously. As a result, the optimized InGaN/Cu2O‐1.5C photoelectrode with the uniform morphology exhibits an enhanced photocurrent density of ≈170 µA cm−2 at 0 V versus Pt, with 8.5‐fold enhancement compared with pure InGaN nanorods. Comprehensive investigations into experimental results and theoretical calculations reveal that the electrons accumulation and holes depletion of Cu2O facilitate to form a typical Z‐scheme band alignment, thus providing a large photovoltage to drive unbiased water splitting and enhancing the stability of Cu2O. This work provides a novel and facile strategy to achieve InGaN nanorods and other catalyst‐based PEC water splitting without external bias, and to relieve the bottlenecks of charge transfer dynamics at the electrode bulk and electrode/electrolyte interface by constructing Z‐scheme heterostructure.
A Longitudinal Test of Relational Turbulence Theory
Authors: Stein James B.
Published: December 2020

Relational turbulence theory (RTT) proposes causal relationships across cognitive, emotional and communicative variables. Although many tenets of this theory have been tested individually, there has not yet been a comprehensive, predictive examination of RTT. Using structural equation modelling, this study longitudinally tested several propositions and axioms of RTT. Results are largely in line with many of RTT's predictions. Time 1 relational uncertainty predicted time 2 biased cognitions. Time 1 facilitation from a partner predicted time 2 negative emotions. Negative emotions cross-sectionally related to both the enactment and valence of relational communication episodes. Relational turbulence theory's proposed feedback loop received partial support, such that time 1 communication valence (but not engagement) predicted time 2 partner uncertainty, relationship uncertainty and partner facilitation. Results are discussed in terms of theory expansion and refinement.
Individual differences in bilingual word recognition: The role of experiential factors and word frequency in cross-language lexical priming
Authors: Chaouch-Orozco Adel , González Alonso Jorge , Rothman Jason
Published: December 2020

In studies of bilingual word recognition with masked priming, first language (L1) primes activate their second language (L2) translation equivalents in lexical decision tasks, but effects in the opposite direction are weaker (Wen & van Heuven, 2017). This study seeks to clarify the relative weight of stimulus-level (frequency) and individual-level (L2 proficiency, L2 exposure/use) factors in the emergence of asymmetrical priming effects. We offer the first data set where L2 proficiency and L1/L2 exposure/use are simultaneously investigated as continuous variables, along with word frequency. While we replicate the asymmetry in priming effects, our data provide useful insights into the factors driving L2–L1 priming. These fall almost exclusively under the category of stimulus-level factors, with L2 exposure/use being the only experiential variable to show considerable influence, although complex interactions involving L2 proficiency and word frequency are also present. We discuss the implications of these results for models of bilingual lexical processing and for the appropriate measurement of experiential factors in this type of research.
Technologieunterstützte Förderung der Leseflüssigkeit im Erwachsenenalter mittels Reading While Listening
Authors: Ege André , Lenhard Wolfgang , Joßberger Rosa , Ebert Harald
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Reading-While-Listening (RWL) stellt einen Ansatz zur Leseförderung dar, bei dem Texte auditiv und visuell dargeboten und simultan (halb)laut mitgelesen werden. Der auditive Input erfolgt in Form eines mehrfach präsentierten Hörbuchs. Durch die Wiederholungen wird eine Verbesserung der Leseflüssigkeit und eine allmähliche Angleichung an ein natürliches Lesetempo angestrebt. Methode: Wir untersuchten die Wirksamkeit von RWL im Berufsschulkontext bei jungen Erwachsenen mit geringer Alphabetisierung und stark unterdurchschnittlicher Lesefähigkeit mit einer Leseinterventions- ( n = 84) und einer Wartekontrollgruppe ( n = 110) über ein halbes Jahr. Die Leseflüssigkeit wurde zu Beginn, am Ende sowie in der Interventionsgruppe im Follow-up 9 Monate nach Abschluss der Intervention ( n = 33) erfasst. Ergebnis: Am Ende der Förderung konnte in der Interventionsgruppe eine deutliche Verbesserung der Leseflüssigkeit im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe festgestellt werden. Die Effekte erwiesen sich im Follow-up als stabil. Auch nach der Intervention war der Mittelwert der Leseleistung in der Interventionsgruppe unterdurchschnittlich, jedoch reduzierte sich der Anteil an Personen mit einer Leistung, die im Bereich einer Lesestörung liegt, deutlich. Diskussion: RWL ist folglich ein effektiver und praktikabler Ansatz zur Förderung einer Personengruppe, für die bislang kaum evaluierte Fördermaßnahmen existieren. Zudem kann der Ansatz auch im Rahmen von E-Learning eingesetzt werden.
Influence of growth regulators on yield, quality and preservation of potato stubs in the mountain zone of the Kabardino-Balkaria Republic
Authors: Nazranov Khusen , Didanova Elena , Shibzukhov Zalim-Geri , Orzalieva Maya , Nazranov Beslan
Published: December 2020

Plant growth regulators, which helps to activate the initial growth and accelerate the development of plants, stimulate tuber formation, increase the resistance of potatoes to unfavorable soil and climatic conditions, increase the yield and biochemical quality indicators of potato tubers, have great opportunities for increasing potato productivity. Research was carried out on the development of a technological system for regulating the growth and development of potatoes through the complex use of growth regulators in combination with microbiological preparations in the highlands of the KBR. The positive effect of growth regulators on the development of the assimilation surface and root system of potatoes was revealed. Growth regulators have a positive effect on the creation of a pigment background in potato leaves. At the same time, a significant increase in chlorophyll z, chlorophyll b and carotenoids is observed when using Agrovin Micro Agrovin Mg-Zn-B and is equal to 121.4, respectively; 46.4 and 46 mg%, up 21.4; 23.2 and 31.0% above the control variant. The use of PP has a prolonged effect on the growth, development and biochemical composition of potato tubers. The complex use of the drug significantly increases the number, size and weight of tubers, which allows to increase the yield by 30%, improve the biochemical composition of tubers in terms of dry matter and starch content. The use of growth regulators promotes the output of seed fraction tubers by 56% more than the control variant.
Molecular identification and comparative characterization of Fusarium isolates, obtained from potato plants
Authors: Kostennikova Zarina , Akosah Yaw , Mardanova Ayslu
Published: December 2020

The paper analyzes fungi of the genus Fusarium isolated from plants and tubers of different potato cultivars grown on the territory of Tatarstan. It was established that the majority of the strains belonged to the Fusarium oxysporum species complex. Isolates obtained from the root necks of wilting potato plants and conditionally healthy tubers are, to varying degrees, capable of causing dry rot of tubers during artificial inoculation. Also, the virulence of the strains does not correlate with extracellular proteolytic activity. It was shown that the tubers of the Zhukovskij rannij cultivar are most sensitive to fusaria infections, in contrast to the Red Scarlet and Reggi cultivars.