bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of Distinct Fine Specificities of Anti−Citrullinated Peptide Antibodies With Elevated Immune Responses to Prevotella intermedia in a Subgroup of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Periodontitis
Authors: Schwenzer Anja , Quirke Anne‐Marie , Marzeda Anna M. , Wong Alicia , Montgomery Anna B. , Sayles Harlan R. , Eick Sigrun , Gawron Katarzyna , Chomyszyn‐Gajewska Maria , Łazarz‐Bartyzel Katarzyna , Davis Simon , Potempa Jan , Kessler Benedikt M. , Fischer Roman , Venables Patrick J. , Payne Jeffrey B. , Mikuls Ted R. , Midwood Kim S.
Published: October 2017

Objective

In addition to the long‐established link with smoking, periodontitis (PD) is a risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study was undertaken to elucidate the mechanism by which PD could induce antibodies to citrullinated peptides (ACPAs), by examining the antibody response to a novel citrullinated peptide of cytokeratin 13 (CK‐13) identified in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and comparing the response to 4 other citrullinated peptides in patients with RA who were well‐characterized for PD and smoking.

Methods

The citrullinomes of GCF and periodontal tissue from patients with PD were mapped by mass spectrometry. ACPAs of CK13 (cCK13), tenascin‐C (cTNC5), vimentin (cVIM), α‐enolase (CEP‐1), and fibrinogen β (cFIBβ) were examined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in patients with RA (n = 287) and patients with osteoarthritis (n = 330), and cross‐reactivity was assessed by inhibition assays.

Results

A novel citrullinated peptide cCK13‐1 (444TSNASGR‐Cit‐TSDV‐Cit‐RP458) identified in GCF exhibited elevated antibody responses in RA patients (24%). Anti–cCK13‐1 antibody levels correlated with anti–cTNC5 antibody levels, and absorption experiments confirmed this was not due to cross‐reactivity. Only anti–cCK13‐1 and anti‐cTNC5 were associated with antibodies to the periodontal pathogen Prevotella intermedia (P = 0.05 and P = 0.001, respectively), but not with antibodies to Porphyromonas gingivalis arginine gingipains. Levels of antibodies to CEP‐1, cFIBβ, and cVIM correlated with each other, and with smoking and shared epitope risk factors in RA.

Conclusion

This study identifies 2 groups of ACPA fine specificities associated with different RA risk factors. One is predominantly linked to smoking and shared epitope, and the other links anti–cTNC5 and cCK13‐1 to infection with the periodontal pathogen P intermedia.
An Overview of the Evolution of Infrared Spectroscopy Applied to Bacterial Typing
Authors: Quintelas Cristina , Ferreira Eugénio C. , Lopes João A. , Sousa Clara
Published: November 2017

The sustained emergence of new declared bacterial species makes typing a continuous challenge for microbiologists. Molecular biology techniques have a very significant role in the context of bacterial typing, but they are often very laborious, time consuming, and eventually fail when dealing with very closely related species. Spectroscopic‐based techniques appear in some situations as a viable alternative to molecular methods with advantages in terms of analysis time and cost. Infrared and mass spectrometry are among the most exploited techniques in this context: particularly, infrared spectroscopy emerged as a very promising method with multiple reported successful applications. This article presents a systematic review on infrared spectroscopy applications for bacterial typing, highlighting fundamental aspects of infrared spectroscopy, a detailed literature review (covering different taxonomic levels and bacterial species), advantages, and limitations of the technique over molecular biology methods and a comparison with other competing spectroscopic techniques such as MALDI‐TOF MS, Raman, and intrinsic fluorescence. Infrared spectroscopy possesses a high potential for bacterial typing at distinct taxonomic levels and worthy of further developments and systematization. The development of databases appears fundamental toward the establishment of infrared spectroscopy as a viable method for bacterial typing.
Sight Impairment registration due to stroke—A small yet significant rise?
Authors: Bunce Catey , Zekite Antra , Wormald Richard , Rowe Fiona
Published: October 2017

Objectives

In the United Kingdom, when an individual's sight falls to and remains at a certain threshold, they may be offered registration as sight impaired. Recent analysis of causes of registrable sight impairment in England/Wales indicated that visual impairment due to stroke had increased as a proportionate cause of sight loss. We aim to assess whether there is evidence of an increase in incidence of certification for sight impairment due to stroke in England/Wales between 2008 and 2014.

Materials and Methods

The number of certifications with a main cause of sight impairment being stroke was obtained from the Certifications Office London. Directly standardized rates per 100,000 were computed with 95% confidence intervals and examined. Poisson regression was used to assess evidence of trend over time.

Results

In the year ending 31st March 2008, 992 people were newly certified with stroke with an estimated DSR of 2.1 (2.0 to 2.2) per 100,000 persons at risk. In the year ending March 31st 2014, there were 1310 certifications with a DSR of 2.5 (2.4 to 2.7). Figures were higher for men than women. Poisson regression indicated an estimated incidence rate ratio of 1.03 per year with 95% confidence intervals of 1.028 to 1.051, P < .001.

Conclusions

These data suggest a small but statistically significant increase in the incidence of certifiable visual impairment due to stroke between 2008 and 2014. Figures are, however, considerably lower than estimated, perhaps suggesting that more should be done to address the visual needs of those who have suffered stroke.
Segmental branching pattern of the left portal vein: Anatomical characteristics and clinical implications
Authors: Najah Haythem , Ammar Houssem , Gupta Rahul , Hamdoun Moncef , Morjane Abdelwaheb , Mighri Mohamed Mongi , Sassi Sadok
Published: October 2017

The existing knowledge on anatomy of segmental branches of left portal vein (LPV) is limited. This study aims to describe the surgical anatomy and variations of LPV and its segmental branching pattern. Forty fresh cadaveric liver dissections were performed. The dissection of LPV was carried out from its emergence at the level of the portal vein bifurcation to its segmental branches penetrating the left hemiliver. LPV characteristics, the number, and situation of its segmental branches were recorded. LPV comprises two portions: a 28 ± 6.7 mm‐long transverse portion (TPLPV) and a 34.9 ± 4.4 mm‐long umbilical portion (UPLPV). Mean number of LPV branches to segments I, II, III, and IV was 2 ± 1 (1–6), 2 ± 1 (1–4), 2 ± 1 (1–5), and 8 ± 2 (4–14), respectively. A single large vein supplied segment II in 90% of the cases. Segment III constantly had one vein arising from the left horn of UPLPV with mean diameter of 5.9 ± 1.6 mm. Most of the veins to segment IV took origin from the right horn of UPLPV with a mean number of 5 ± 2 (2–8). Segmental veins arising from UPLPV and TPLPV and supplying segment IV were present in 90 and 45% of the cases respectively. Segmental veins arising from LPV are often multiple and variable in position. Detailed knowledge of these veins is mandatory in order successfully perform anatomical liver resections or monosegment graft harvest for pediatric liver transplantation. Clin. Anat. 31: 1122–1128, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification of Genes Involved in Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Sophora japonica Through Transcriptome Sequencing
Authors: Zhang Fu‐Sheng , Wang Qian‐Yu , Pu Ya‐Jie , Chen Tong‐Yao , Qin Xue‐Mei , Gao Jie
Published: October 2017

Sophora japonica is a traditional Chinese medicinal ingredient that is widely used in the medicine, food, and industrial dye industries. Since flavonoids are the main components of S. japonica, studying the flavonoid composition and content of this plant is important. This study aimed to identify molecules involved in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathways in S. japonica. Deep sequencing was performed, and 85,877,352 clean reads were filtered from 86,095,152 raw reads. The clean reads were spliced to obtain 111,382 unigenes, which were then annotated with NR, GO, KEGG, eggNOG. Differential expression analysis and NR function prediction revealed 18 differentially expressed unigenes associated with 13 enzymes in flavonoid biosynthetic pathways. Our results reveal new insights on secondary metabolite biosynthesis‐related genes in S. japonica and enhance the potential applications of S. japonica in genetic engineering.
Hirayama disease: diagnostic essentials in neuroimaging
Authors: Kapetanakis Stylianos , Chourmouzi Danae , Terzoudi Aikaterini , Georgiou Nikiforos , Giovannopoulou Eirini
Published: October 2017

Key clinical Message

A 22‐year‐old male presented with progressive muscular weakness of the upper extremities. MRI of the cervical spine established the final diagnosis of Hirayama disease (HD). HD is a rare disease with benign progress. Neurologists and radiologists should be aware of the specific neuroimaging signs of this rare clinical entity.
Binding of Hydrophobic Guests in a Coordination Cage Cavity is Driven by Liberation of “High‐Energy” Water
Authors: Metherell Alexander J. , Cullen William , Williams Nicholas H. , Ward Michael D.
Published: October 2017

The cavity of an M8L12 cubic coordination cage can accommodate a cluster of ten water molecules in which the average number of hydrogen bonds per water molecule is 0.5 H‐bonds less than it would be in the bulk solution. The presence of these “hydrogen‐bond frustrated” or “high‐energy” water molecules in the cavity results in the hydrophobic effect associated with guest binding being predominantly enthalpy‐based, as these water molecules can improve their hydrogen‐bonding environment on release. This contrasts with the classical form of the hydrophobic effect in which the favourable entropy change associated with release of ordered molecules from hydrophobic surfaces dominates. For several guests Van't Hoff plots showed that the free energy of binding in water is primarily enthalpy driven. For five homologous pairs of guests related by the presence or absence of a CH2 group, the incremental changes to ΔH and TΔS for guest binding—that is, ΔΔH and TΔΔS, the difference in contributions arising from the CH2 group—are consistently 5(±1) kJ mol−1 for ΔΔH and 0(±1) kJ mol−1 for TΔΔS. This systematic dominance of ΔH in the binding of hydrophobic guests is consistent with the view that guest binding is dominated by release of “high energy” water molecules into a more favourable solvation environment, as has been demonstrated recently for some members of the cucurbituril family.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Ischemic Stroke: A Meta‐analysis of Preclinical Studies
Authors: Sarmah Deepaneeta , Agrawal Vishal , Rane Pallavi , Bhute Shashikala , Watanabe Mitsuyoshi , Kalia Kiran , Ghosh Zhumur , Dave Kunjan R. , Yavagal Dileep R. , Bhattacharya Pallab
Published: November 2017

Numerous preclinical studies have been carried out using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy for ischemic stroke. The purpose of the present meta‐analysis is to review the quality of preclinical studies. In all, 4,361 articles were identified, out of which 64 studies were included (excluding in vitro studies). The results were obtained across species, route, and time of administration, immunogenicity, and doses. The median quality score 4.90/10, confidence interval 95%, and large effect size were observed, which strongly supports the translation potential of MSC therapy for ischemic stroke.
Photoinduced Direct Conversion of Cyclohexane into Cyclohexanone Oxime using LEDs
Authors: Wysocki Jędrzej , Teles Joaquim Henrique , Dehn Richard , Trapp Oliver , Schäfer Bernd , Schaub Thomas
Published: October 2017

A selective direct photochemical transformation of cyclohexane into cyclohexanone oxime using tert‐butyl nitrite and UV LED diodes is described. The reaction allows the direct introduction of an oxime group into a hydrocarbon using a simple set‐up in one step that proceeds in a clean fashion, a transformation which technically would require several steps. This straightforward method may provide a valuable alternative to significantly more expensive common procedures for the synthesis of cyclohexanone oxime, a key precursor to the Nylon‐6 polymer.
Submandibular gland cancer: Specific features and treatment considerations
Authors: Aro Katri , Tarkkanen Jussi , Saat Riste , Saarilahti Kauko , Mäkitie Antti , Atula Timo
Published: October 2017

Background

In the absence of unified treatment protocol, we evaluated the management and outcomes of submandibular gland cancers in an unselected patient series.

Methods

We included all patients with resected submandibular gland cancer treated at the Helsinki University Hospital from 2000 to 2010 with a 5‐year minimum follow‐up.

Results

Twenty‐five patients with cancer represented 30% of submandibular gland neoplasms, and most were adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACCs; 56%). At presentation, 3 patients showed clinical signs of probable malignancy. Of 22 neck dissection specimens, 5 patients (20%) had metastases with an occult metastasis rate of 4%. Cancer recurred in 11 patients (44%), of which 7 (28%) were only at a distant site. The 5‐year disease‐specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 76%, and disease‐free survival (DFS) was 68%.

Conclusion

Most tumors were ACCs differing from the histological pattern of parotid gland cancers. Occult metastases were rare. The rarity of submandibular gland cancer, its variable histological pattern, and varying biological behavior warrant centralized management.
Does Visceral or Subcutaneous Fat Influence Peripheral Cortical Bone Strength During Adolescence? A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Glass Natalie A , Torner James C , Letuchy Elena M , Burns Trudy L , Janz Kathleen F , Eichenberger Gilmore Julie M , Schlechte Janet A , Levy Steven M
Published: October 2017

This study evaluated the longitudinal relationships among visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and peripheral bone strength during adolescence. Fat and lean mass, VAT and SAT area, and android/gynoid (A/G) ratio were estimated with DXA. Our main outcome was strength-strain index (SSI), an indicator of peripheral bone strength estimated by pQCT at the radius and tibia. Sex-specific analyses evaluated the longitudinal bone-fat relationship from ages 11 to 19 years with linear mixed models using biological age as the time variable and adjusted for limb length and lean mass in 182 girls and 167 boys. Variables were standardized (mean = 0, SD = 1) prior to model fitting and results shown are parameter estimates ± SE. Fat mass and SAT were positively associated with SSI (radius: 0.07 ± 0.02, p = 0.003 and 0.05 ± 0.02, 0.041, respectively; tibia: 0.09 ± 0.02, p < 0.001 and 0.08 ± 0.02, p < 0.001, respectively) prior to, but not following adjustment for lean mass in girls. In contrast, fat mass and SAT were negatively associated with radial SSI, both before and after adjustment for lean mass in boys (fat mass: –0.05 ± 0.01, p = 0.001; SAT: –0.04 ± 0.01, p = 0.004). In full models, negative associations were limited to VAT in girls and included radial (–0.06 ± 0.02, p = 0.001) and tibial SSI (–0.04 ± 0.02, p = 0.033). For boys, there were no significant associations present between VAT and SSI at the radius or tibia. In analyses limited to obese participants, an A/G ratio was not significantly associated with SSI in girls, but was negatively associated with radial SSI regardless of adjustment for lean mass in boys (–0.06 ± 0.02, p = 0.018). These results that show a negative relationship between peripheral bone strength and VAT in girls, but greater total and central adiposity in boys, suggest these factors play a role in adequate acquisition of bone strength during adolescence. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
A novel approach to statistical‐dynamical downscaling for long‐term wind resource predictions
Authors: Chávez‐Arroyo Roberto , Fernandes‐Correia Pedro , Lozano‐Galiana Sergio , Sanz‐Rodrigo Javier , Amezcua Javier , Probst Oliver
Published: October 2017

A new method for the long‐term prediction of the wind resource based on the concept of statistical‐dynamical downscaling is presented. This new approach uses mean sea level pressure maps from global reanalysis data (National Centers for Environmental Prediction Department of Energy Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (NCEP‐DOE AMIP‐II)) and image processing techniques to identify a synthetic reference period which optimally matches the corresponding long‐term maps. Four different image processing techniques, averaged into one image similarity error index, are used to evaluate image similarity. A representative set of days is selected by requiring the error index to be minimal. Validation of representativeness in terms of the wind resource for the Iberian domain is performed against 10 years of measured wind data from Navarra (Spain), as well as mesoscale simulations of the Iberian Peninsula. The new approach is shown to outperform not only the industry‐standard method but also other recently proposed methods in its capability to achieve mesoscale level representativeness. A particular advantage of the new method is its capability of simultaneously providing a representative period for all potential wind farm sites located within large regional domains without requiring re‐running of the method for different candidate sites.
Brazilian Northeast Jet Stream: frequency, wind speed and direction
Authors: Fedorova Natalia , Levit Vladimir , Campos Antonio Marcos Vianna
Published: October 2017

The Brazilian Northeast Jet Stream (BNEJS) was analysed over 16 years (1994–2009) using reanalysis data from the National Center for Environmental Prediction – National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP‐NCAR). With a wind speed higher than 30 m s−1, the BNEJS was observed on average for 69 days year−1, and reached 114 days in 2003. More frequently, these jet streams were observed during the rainy season (9 days month−1, on average), and rarely between February and April (2 days month−1, on average). The study found that the BNEJS, with a minimum speed limit of 20 m s−1, occurred very often (it was detected almost every day). The average wind speed of the BNEJS was 37 m s−1, and reached a maximum of 64 m s−1. The directions of the BNEJS were identified to be more often from the northwest and the southwest, and were rarely found occurring from the north. That from the northwest occurred more frequently in winter and autumn (288 and 172 days, respectively). The BNEJS's direction from the southeast has a similar frequency during both spring and summer (64 and 63 days, respectively).
Increased Small Intestine Expression of Non‐Heme Iron Transporters in Morbidly Obese Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Moreno‐Navarrete José María , Rodríguez Amaia , Becerril Sara , Valentí Víctor , Salvador Javier , Frühbeck Gema , Fernández‐Real José Manuel
Published: October 2017

Scope

To investigate intestinal markers of iron absorption in morbidly obese subjects according to glucose tolerance.

Methods and results

Gene expression of both non‐heme (SLC40A1 (ferroportin), SLC11A2) and heme iron (SLC46A1 (HCP1), HMOX1) transporters is analyzed in 38 small intestine tissue samples [11 with normal glucose tolerance, 14 with glucose intolerance (GI), and 13 with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D)]. SLC40A1 (r = 0.43, p = 0.008) and SLC11A2 (r = 0.35, p = 0.03) mRNA levels are positively correlated with ferritin‐to‐hepcidin ratio and with fasting glucose, being significantly increased in patients with T2D. Only ferroportin is negatively associated with serum hepcidin (r = –0.617, p < 0.0001). In multivariate regression analysis, fasting glucose contributes independently to intestinal SLC40A1 (p = 0.009) and SLC11A2 (p = 0.04) variance after controlling for age, sex, and BMI. When circulating hepcidin is incorporated into the model, fasting glucose contributes significantly and independently to intestinal SLC40A1 (p = 0.02), but not to SLC11A2 (p = 0.07) variance. SLC46A1 and HMOX1 are similar in all groups.

Conclusion

The expression of ferroportin and SLC11A2 is increased in the intestine of patients with T2D in association with iron stores and serum hepcidin levels. Increased intestinal iron absorption is a potential mechanism that could explain the increased body iron stores frequently observed in patients with T2D.
Anregen und tauschen
Authors: Abramov Alex , Häring Marleen , Díaz Díaz David
Published: November 2017

Photonen‐Hochkonversion verwandelt energiearme Photonen in energiereiche. Um diese Photonen zu konzentrieren, eignen sich selbstanordnende, supramolekulare Gele als Reaktionsmedium: Sie begrenzen den Reaktionsraum und wirken daher wie ein Mikroreaktor. Aus Molekülen entstehen so Donor‐Akzeptor‐Paare, und angeregte Zustände werden stabilisiert.
Licht aus Proteinen
Authors: Sauer Susanne
Published: November 2017

Forscher der Universität Erlangen haben eine LED entwickelt, die Proteine als Leuchtstoffe verwendet. Die Biomoleküle sind billiger und umweltfreundlicher als die Farbstoffe in herkömmlichen Weißlicht‐LED. Zudem erzeugt die LED auf Proteinbasis Licht einer natürlicheren Farbtemperatur.
Kraftwerksschornstein als Experiment
Authors: Duvinage Brigitte
Published: November 2017

Alle Rahmenpläne für den Chemieunterricht thematisieren Schwefeldioxid. Dabei geht es um dessen Eigenschaften und Entstehung, die Umweltbelastung sowie die Möglichkeiten, Rauchgase zu entschwefeln. Die Rauchgasentschwefelung in Kohlekraftwerken können Schüler jetzt mit einem Modellexperiment erkunden.
Solar Energy & Photonics
Authors: Weinig Hans‐Georg
Published: November 2017

Ein Blick zurück, ein Blick in die Zukunft.
Bioorganiker tagen in Berlin
Authors: Heretsch Philipp , Teichert Johannes
Published: November 2017

Ende September fand in den Räumen der TU Berlin das Nachwuchswissenschaftler‐Symposium „Bioorganische Chemie“ statt. Bei dem dreitägigen Treffen, das zum 26. Mal stattfand, präsentierten 25 Nachwuchsgruppenleiter von Universitäten und Forschungsinstituten aus Deutschland sowie dem europäischen Ausland die neuesten Ergebnisse aus ihren Arbeitsgruppen.
Development of a 4‐node hybrid stress tetrahedral element using a node‐based smoothed finite element method
Authors: Choi J.H. , Lee B.C.
Published: October 2017

In this paper, a new 4‐node hybrid stress element is proposed using a node‐based smoothing technique of tetrahedral mesh. The conditions for hybrid stress field required are summarized, and the field should be continuous for better performance of a constant‐strain tetrahedral element. Nodal stress is approximated by the node‐based smoothing technique, and the stress field is interpolated with standard shape functions. This stress field is linear within each element and continuous across elements. The stress field is expressed by nodal displacements and no additional variables. The element stiffness matrix is calculated using the Hellinger‐Reissner functional, which guarantees the strain field from displacement field to be equal to that from the stress field in a weak sense. The performance of the proposed element is verified by through several numerical examples.
Preparation and properties of MNSiO2/CN40/PF nanocomposites
Authors: Yu Chuanbai , Gao Peng , Feng Jinwei , Deng Weixing , Liu Hongxia , Gong Yongyang , Wei Chun , Liu Yuanli
Published: October 2017

MNSiO2/CN40/PF nanocomposites have been fabricated in this study. Nano‐SiO2was initially surface‐modified with γ‐methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (MPS). The resulting nano‐SiO2was denoted as MNSiO2. Core‐shell composites, MNSiO2/CN40, was fabricated by a solution blending method, in which MNSiO2served as the core and liquid acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (CN40) served as shell. Phenol formaldehyde resins (PF) were prepared by means of condensation polymerization method. MNSiO2/CN40/PF hybrid with a fixed weight ratio (2:98) of MNSiO2/CN40 composites to PF were prepared by a modified routine of preparation of pure PF. MNSiO2/CN40/PF nanocomposites were prepared by incorporating filler particles with MNSiO2/CN40/PF hybrid via melt blending, followed by compression molding method. The impact of MNSiO2content on the properties of the MNSiO2/CN40/PF nanocomposites was systematically investigated by varying the weight ratio of MNSiO2to CN40 in MNSiO2/CN40 core‐shell composites. The results revealed that MNSiO2/CN40 significantly enhanced the mechanical and frictional properties of the as‐prepared MNSiO2/CN40/PF nanocomposites. Compared to pure PF, the impact strength of MNSiO2/CN40/PF hybrid containing 1.0 wt% of MNSiO2in MNSiO2/CN40 composites increased by 29.2%, and the initial storage modulus was enhanced dramatically. In addition, MNSiO2/CN40/PF hybrid demonstrated stable friction coefficient, while the wear mechanism of pure PF was adhesive and fatigue wear. The MNSiO2/CN40/PF nanocomposites exhibited a combination of adhesive, abrasive, and fatigue wear. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:179–186, 2019. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Highly Enhanced Emission of Visible Light from Core–Dual‐Shell‐Type Hybridized Nanoparticles
Authors: Sakamoto Naonari , Onodera Tsunenobu , Dezawa Takuma , Shibata Yutaka , Oikawa Hidetoshi
Published: October 2017

Core–dual‐shell‐type hybridized nanoparticles (NPs) having Au‐core/dye‐doped silica inner shell/Au outer shell are successfully fabricated by developing a biphasic process that is a kind of so‐called “one‐pot” method. The resulting hybridized NPs exhibit evidently about 20‐fold enhancement of fluorescence intensity, increase in fluorescence quantum yield, and decrease in fluorescence lifetime. These effects depend on the metal nanostructure being optimized, compared with the reference hybridized NPs with neither a Au‐core nor a Au outer shell, due to the gap‐mode effect induced by localized surface plasmon resonance in the core–dual‐shell‐type MIM‐like nanostructure. More detailed elucidation concerning the enhancement mechanism will provide the possibility of photonic device application, for example as a high‐performance point light source, nanolaser, or sensor for bioimaging in the visible region in the near future.
Chaperone‐client interactions between Hsp21 and client proteins monitored in solution by small angle X‐ray scattering and captured by crosslinking mass spectrometry
Authors: Rutsdottir Gudrun , I. Rasmussen Morten , Hojrup Peter , Bernfur Katja , Emanuelsson Cecilia , Söderberg Christopher A. G.
Published: October 2017

The small heat shock protein (sHsp) chaperones are important for stress survival, yet the molecular details of how they interact with client proteins are not understood. All sHsps share a folded middle domain to which is appended flexible N‐ and C‐terminal regions varying in length and sequence between different sHsps which, in different ways for different sHsps, mediate recognition of client proteins. In plants there is a chloroplast‐localized sHsp, Hsp21, and a structural model suggests that Hsp21 has a dodecameric arrangement with six N‐terminal arms located on the outside of the dodecamer and six inwardly‐facing. Here, we investigated the interactions between Hsp21 and thermosensitive model substrate client proteins in solution, by small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) and crosslinking mass spectrometry. The chaperone‐client complexes were monitored and the Rg‐values were found to increase continuously during 20 min at 45°, which could reflect binding of partially unfolded clients to the flexible N‐terminal arms of the Hsp21 dodecamer. No such increase in Rg‐values was observed with a mutational variant of Hsp21, which is mainly dimeric and has reduced chaperone activity. Crosslinking data suggest that the chaperone‐client interactions involve the N‐terminal region in Hsp21 and only certain parts in the client proteins. These parts are peripheral structural elements presumably the first to unfold under destabilizing conditions. We propose that the flexible and hydrophobic N‐terminal arms of Hsp21 can trap and refold early‐unfolding intermediates with or without dodecamer dissociation.
Template‐based and free modeling of I‐TASSER and QUARK pipelines using predicted contact maps in CASP12
Authors: Zhang Chengxin , Mortuza S. M. , He Baoji , Wang Yanting , Zhang Yang
Published: October 2017

We develop two complementary pipelines, “Zhang‐Server” and “QUARK”, based on I‐TASSER and QUARK pipelines for template‐based modeling (TBM) and free modeling (FM), and test them in the CASP12 experiment. The combination of I‐TASSER and QUARK successfully folds three medium‐size FM targets that have more than 150 residues, even though the interplay between the two pipelines still awaits further optimization. Newly developed sequence‐based contact prediction by NeBcon plays a critical role to enhance the quality of models, particularly for FM targets, by the new pipelines. The inclusion of NeBcon predicted contacts as restraints in the QUARK simulations results in an average TM‐score of 0.41 for the best in top five predicted models, which is 37% higher than that by the QUARK simulations without contacts. In particular, there are seven targets that are converted from non‐foldable to foldable (TM‐score >0.5) due to the use of contact restraints in the simulations. Another additional feature in the current pipelines is the local structure quality prediction by ResQ, which provides a robust residue‐level modeling error estimation. Despite the success, significant challenges still remain in ab initio modeling of multi‐domain proteins and folding of β‐proteins with complicated topologies bound by long‐range strand‐strand interactions. Improvements on domain boundary and long‐range contact prediction, as well as optimal use of the predicted contacts and multiple threading alignments, are critical to address these issues seen in the CASP12 experiment.
Coresidence with a child and happiness among older widows in Europe: Does gender of the child matter?
Authors: Grundy Emily , Murphy Michael
Published: October 2017

Both coresidence patterns and the reported well‐being of older people vary widely across Europe for a variety of economic, cultural, and historical factors. We investigate how far 2 indicators of well‐being, happiness and life satisfaction, vary according to whether or not older women live with their children and, in particular, with son(s) or daughter(s). We compare outcomes for women who are unpartnered widows, the great majority of whom will have had children, so those with and without coresident children may be compared. We use data for 34 countries in Europe by combining 7 waves of the European Social Survey for the period 2002–2014 (N = 18,500). We control for a range of other variables known to be associated with well‐being including health status, socioeconomic position, and social support. Results show that widows living with a child were happier than those living without a child (generally alone) but that in Eastern and Southern Europe it was only living with a daughter that had this positive effect. Older age was associated with higher levels of happiness and life satisfaction. Other associations, and regional differences, were as expected with lower levels of happiness in Eastern Europe and for those with poorer health and fewer social resources. These findings indicate the important influence of contextual factors on associations between living arrangements and the well‐being of older people and a need for further work on possible negative impacts of living alone on the well‐being of older Europeans.
The effects of information and communication technologies on residential mobility and migration
Authors: Cooke Thomas J. , Shuttleworth Ian
Published: October 2017

A common presumption is that the widespread adoption of advanced information and communication technologies (ICTs) over the last several decades enhances residential mobility and migration. This research critically evaluates this presumption from the perspective of the long‐term decline in residential mobility and migration in many developed countries and concludes that ICTs are capable of both enhancing and impeding residential mobility and migration. Estimates from an instrumental variable model of residential mobility and migration using data from the Northern Ireland Longitudinal Study indicate a large negative effect of ICTs on residential change and smaller negative effect on migration.
Determination of tolerance limits for the reliability of semiconductor devices using longitudinal data
Authors: Hofer Vera , Leitner Johannes , Lewitschnig Horst , Nowak Thomas
Published: October 2017

Design and production of semiconductor devices for the automotive industry are characterized by high reliability requirements, such that the proper functioning of these devices is ensured over the whole specified lifetime. Therefore, manufacturers let their products undergo extensive testing procedures that simulate the tough requirements their products have to withstand. Such tests typically are highly accelerated, to test the behavior of the products over the whole lifetime. In case of drift of electrical parameters, manufacturers then need to find appropriate tolerance limits for their final electrical product tests, such that the proper functioning of their devices over the whole specified lifetime is ensured. In this study, we present a statistical model for the determination of tolerance limits that minimize yield loss. The model considers longitudinal measurements of continuous features, based on censored data from stress tests. The tolerance limits are derived from multivariate distributions where the dependence structure is described by different copulas. Based on extensive numerical testing, we are able to provide insights into the properties of our model for different drift behaviors of the devices.
Questionnaire design: who cares?
Authors: Cape Pete
Published: October 2017

In 2010, SSI introduced the Quest Score to give participants a voice in rating their experience with the questionnaires they are asked to complete.
An Unsung Fashion Designer, Congo Square, Pinktoe Tarantulas, and Dead People: Expecting the Unexpected in Children's Literature
Authors: McNair Jonda C.
Published: October 2017

Children's literature plays an essential role in the literacy development of children. This department column focuses on the teaching and use of children's literature and provides educators with information about a wide range of books across multiple genres that are representative of the diverse world in which we live. A strong emphasis is placed on the importance of having diverse library collections that take into account numerous factors, such as race, class, disability, and religion. This column also offers innovative approaches for bringing children and books together, as well as content analyses and rich descriptions of titles that share common features (e.g., endpapers, the blending of poetry and nonfiction).
The natural diversity and ecology of fission yeast
Authors: Jeffares Daniel C.
Published: October 2017

While the fission yeast is a powerful model of eukaryote biology, there have been few studies of quantitative genetics, phenotypic or genetic diversity. Here I survey the small collection of fission yeast diversity research. I discuss what we can infer about the ecology and origins of Schizosaccharomyces pombe from microbiology field studies and the few strains that have been collected.
Limitations and Pitfalls of Using Family Letters to Communicate Genetic Risk: a Qualitative Study with Patients and Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Dheensa Sandi , Lucassen Anneke , Fenwick Angela
Published: November 2017

European genetic testing guidelines recommend that healthcare professionals (HCPs) discuss the familial implications of any test with a patient and offer written material to help them share the information with family members. Giving patients these “family letters” to alert any relatives of their risk has become part of standard practice and has gone relatively unquestioned over the years. Communication with at‐risk relatives will become an increasingly pressing issue as mainstream and routine practice incorporates broad genome tests and as the number of findings potentially relevant to relatives increases. This study therefore explores problems around the use of family letters to communicate about genetic risk. We conducted 16 focus groups with 80 HCPs, and 35 interviews with patients, recruited from across the UK. Data were analyzed thematically and we constructed four themes: 1) HCPs writing family letters: how to write them and why?, 2) Patients’ issues with handing out family letters, 3) Dissemination becomes an uncontrolled form of communication, and 4) When the relative has the letter, is the patient's and HCP's duty discharged? We conclude by suggesting alternative and supplementary methods of communication, for example through digital tools, and propose that in comparison to communication by family letter, direct contact by HCPs might be a more appropriate and successful option.
Stalinism and Russian and Ukrainian national identities
Authors: Kuzio Taras
Published: November 2017

This article is the first comparative study of the policies taken by Russian and Ukrainian émigré’s, governments and intellectuals towards the legacy of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin. The article analyses how these differing approaches have contributed to diverging national identities in Russia and Ukraine which preceded, and were reinforced by, the 2014 crisis in their relations and war between both countries. Stalinization was not a central question for Russian émigrés and was supported by 50 out of 69 years of the USSR and since 2000 by the Russian state. Ukrainian émigrés were more influential and the state actively supported de-Stalinization over the majority of 25 years of independent statehood that integrated de-Stalinisation with national identity and since 2015, de-communization.
Da Symbol Dat Under da Stuffs: Teaching the Language of Maths to Aboriginal Learners of Standard Australian English as a Second Dialect
Authors: Watts Janet , Gardner Rod , Mushin Ilana
Published: October 2017

Failure to adequately address language differences between home and school is one of the many ways in which education systems frequently disadvantage Aboriginal students. Children from predominantly Aboriginal English-speaking homes face specific challenges, as the language differences between their home variety and the Standard Australian English (SAE) of the curriculum and classroom are often rendered ‘invisible’, with little explicit accommodation to the fact that such children are essentially immersed into the SAE classroom (e.g. Dixon, 2013; McIntosh, O'Hanlon, & Angelo, 2012; Sellwood & Angelo, 2013). One consequence of this invisibility is that it has been very hard to see during classroom time, where these language differences appear to affect children's engagement with the curriculum. In this paper, we present a micro-analysis of a year 2 maths lesson in a class of Aboriginal learners of SAE as an additional language/dialect, where children are being taught to use location words (e.g. under, above) as mathematical language. We have examined the precise ways in which the children's home variety and SAE were used in this lesson, and where differences between these two varieties appeared to impact their understanding of the concepts being taught. We differentiate between the kinds of classroom language that provide a challenge to learners of SAE and the kinds that do not.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL ISOLATED QUOTIENT SINGULARITIES IN EVEN CHARACTERISTIC
Authors: SHCHIGOLEV VLADIMIR , STEPANOV DMITRY
Published: October 2017

This paper is a complement to the work of the second author on modular quotient singularities in odd characteristic. Here, we prove that if V is a three-dimensional vector space over a field of characteristic 2 and G < GL(V) is a finite subgroup generated by pseudoreflections and possessing a two-dimensional invariant subspace W such that the restriction of G to W is isomorphic to the group SL2(𝔽2n), then the quotient V/G is non-singular. This, together with earlier known results on modular quotient singularities, implies first that a theorem of Kemper and Malle on irreducible groups generated by pseudoreflections generalizes to reducible groups in dimension three, and, second, that the classification of three-dimensional isolated singularities that are quotients of a vector space by a linear finite group reduces to Vincent's classification of non-modular isolated quotient singularities.
Evaluation of a low-fidelity ear surgery simulator in a low-resource setting
Authors: Luu K , Straatman L , Nakku D , Westerberg B , Carter N , Clark M
Published: October 2017

Objective:

The provision of healthcare education in developing countries is a complex problem that simulation has the potential to help. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a low-cost ear surgery simulator, the Ear Trainer.

Methods:

The Ear Trainer was assessed in two low-resource environments in Cambodia and Uganda. Participants were video-recorded performing four specific middle-ear procedures, and blindly scored using a validated measurement tool. Face validity, construct validity and objective learning were assessed.

Results:

The Ear Trainer provides a realistic representation of the ear. Construct validity assessment confirmed that experts performed better than novices. Participants displayed improvement in all tasks except foreign body removal, likely because of a ceiling effect.

Conclusion:

This study validates the Ear Trainer as a useful training tool for otological microsurgical skills in developing world settings.
FEMINIST POLITICAL THOUGHT AND ACTIVISM IN REVOLUTIONARY IRELAND, c. 1880–1918
Authors: Pašeta Senia
Published: November 2017

Feminist thought and activism was a feature of Irish political life in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Because the women's suffrage campaign coincided with and was at times influenced by wider debates on the national question, it has often been understood almost entirely in relation to Irish nationalism and unionism, and usually in the specific context of acute political crisis such as the third Home Rule. The Irish suffrage movement should instead be understood both in terms of wider political developments and in particular Irish contexts. This paper surveys aspects of feminist political culture with a particular emphasis on the way that nationalist Irish women articulated and negotiated their involvement in the women's suffrage movement. It argues that the relationship between the two was both more nuanced and dynamic than has been allowed, and that opposition to women's activism should be understood in structural and cultural terms as well as in broadly political ones. The relationship should also be understood in longer historical terms than is usual as it also evolved in the context of broader political and social shifts and campaigns, some of which predated the third Home Rule crisis.
Production of the double object construction: An experiment
Authors: Kizach Johannes
Published: October 2017

In the double object construction (e.g.the man gave the woman some flowers) a preference has been observed for placing definite arguments before indefinite arguments when both appear post-verbally. In Danish it has been reported that examples with the indefinite–definite order are read more slowly than those with the definite–indefinite order in speeded acceptability judgement tasks, and they are less frequent in corpus texts. This short communication presents a memory recall experiment showing that the preference observed in comprehension and written production is also observed in on-line oral production. Participants produce definite–indefinite orders when attempting to recall definite–indefinite orders in 95% of the cases, but when attempting to recall indefinite–definite orders they alter the definiteness of one or both of the arguments and produce indefinite–definite orders only in 6% of the cases.
Partnering with Pots: The Work of Objects in the Imperial Inca Project
Authors: Bray Tamara L.
Published: October 2017

New developments in the natural sciences are contributing to new thinking on the nature of matter, materiality and being. Such re-visioning of the natural world is, in part, responsible for ‘the ontological turn’, a trend clearly visible in recent archaeological discourse. In combination with evolving relational and symmetrical approaches to investigating the constitution of ‘the social’, the door is open for exploring logics, taxonomies and understandings of reality different from our own in studies of the past. Applying these ideas to the investigation of early imperialism, this paper offers an analysis of a key element in the repertoire of Inca material culture that forwards the importance of human–thing relations in the context of early state politics. Working from the basis of the imperial Inca ceramic assemblage, the study examines how these objects were deployed in the task of empire-building and what insights they provide into Andean ontological commitments during the late pre-Columbian period. An argument is developed that imperial pots were construed as animate beings and agents of the State. The study brings to the fore the mutually constituted nature of the imperial Inca project and suggests new avenues for future research that highlight the matter of early empires.
MODULI OF CURVES WITH NONSPECIAL DIVISORS AND RELATIVE MODULI OF -STRUCTURES
Authors: Polishchuk Alexander
Published: October 2017

In this paper, for each
$n\geqslant g\geqslant 0$
we consider the moduli stack
$\widetilde{{\mathcal{U}}}_{g,n}^{ns}$
of curves
$(C,p_{1},\ldots ,p_{n},v_{1},\ldots ,v_{n})$
of arithmetic genus
$g$
with
$n$
smooth marked points
$p_{i}$
and nonzero tangent vectors
$v_{i}$
at them, such that the divisor
$p_{1}+\cdots +p_{n}$
is nonspecial (has
$h^{1}=0$
) and ample. With some mild restrictions on the characteristic we show that it is a scheme, affine over the Grassmannian
$G(n-g,n)$
. We also construct an isomorphism of
$\widetilde{{\mathcal{U}}}_{g,n}^{ns}$
with a certain relative moduli of
$A_{\infty }$
-structures (up to an equivalence) over a family of graded associative algebras parametrized by
$G(n-g,n)$
.
LIBERTY, POVERTY AND CHARITY IN THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF JOSIAH TUCKER AND JOSEPH BUTLER
Authors: PRICE PETER XAVIER
Published: October 2017

Josiah Tucker, who was the Anglican dean of Gloucester from 1758 until his death in 1799, is best known today as a controversialist, a political economist and a lesser contemporary of Adam Smith. Little attention has been paid, however, to the important relationship between his religious writings and his wider economic thought. This article addresses this lack of attention in two ways: first by demonstrating the link between Tucker's conception of civil and religious liberty and his “science” of political economy, and second by drawing sustained attention to his economic adaptation and reformulation of the moral philosophy of Bishop Joseph Butler, Tucker's ecclesiastical mentor from 1739 to 1752. Emphasizing Butler and Tucker's views on the traditional Christian virtue of charity, and the moral duty of the rich towards the poor, the article suggests that both clergymen were proponents of a sociability-based, neo-Stoic conception of human nature, which was not only compatible with, but also dependent upon, the established Anglican Church and state and the predominantly Whig commercial order. In consequence, Tucker's political economy was premised on the unavoidability of social subordination and economic inequality as necessary hallmarks of modern commercial society. Accordingly, the article closes with a brief discussion of Tucker's “Butlerian” assessment and rejection of the “anti-social” doctrine of individual natural rights, associated with the popular radicalism of the American and French Revolutions in the latter half of the eighteenth century.