bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Acoustic Metamaterial Based on Absorption Accumulation Peaks for a Broad Sound Energy Control
Authors: Vergara Erasmo F. , Almeida Gildean do N. , Zanatta Lucas R. , Lenzi Arcanjo
Published: January 2025

Controlling sound energy over a wide spectrum of frequencies through structures with a subwavelength scale is a challenge in acoustics. In this sense, a hybrid acoustic metamaterial model (HAMM) that acts over a wide frequency spectrum is presented. The structure consists of a combination of a porous layer and an acoustic metamaterial (AMM). Two samples are evaluated to establish effective control of sound energy () between 450 and 6400 Hz with the structure reaching a maximum ratio of . Furthermore, the behavior of sound waves in the structure is explored through analysis of the sound pressure field, instantaneous particle velocity, and thermoviscous dissipation. One of the highlights of the HAMM is that it is composed of an AMM that has a low phase velocity. Thus, the ultra‐slow sound in part of the structure allows the low‐frequency resonance frequency to be shifted to lower frequencies. Another characteristic is that because of the accumulation of absorption peaks below the bandgap of the AMM, a low‐frequency broadband absorption is guaranteed. Therefore, this work contributes substantially to advances in the area of sound energy control over a wide spectrum of frequencies through the use of different combined acoustic materials.
Self‐Assembled Monolayers for Highly Efficient All‐Polymer Solar Cells Sequentially Processed from Hydrocarbon Solvent
Authors: Huang Hui , Zhang Guoping , Xie Chen , Li Zijian , Bai Qing , He Bin , Qiu Mingxia , Han Peigang , Hu Huawei , Li Shunpu , Zhang Guangye
Published: January 2025

All‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs), comprising polymer donors and polymerized small‐molecule acceptors (PSMAs), hold significant promise for industrial production owing to their superior device efficiencies and stability. However, the lower molecular weights and weaker crystallinity of PSMAs lead to low electron mobility, while achieving high efficiencies in all‐PSCs typically rely on the use of the highly volatile chloroform. These challenges have been addressed through the development of self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) as a novel interfacial layer, offering improved transparency, stability, sensitivity and surface passivation. This research investigates SAMs, specifically 2PACz, as a hole transporting layer (HTL) in all‐PSCs, employing a sequential processing strategy with toluene solvent to mitigate the aforementioned challenges. This study achieves highly efficient 2PACz‐based all‐PSC cells at 19.19% (certificated at 18.51%), which is a new record for all‐PSCs by non‐halogen solvents. Compared to PEDOT:PSS‐based solar cells, the improved performance of 2PACz‐based devices can be attributed to enlarged charge carrier mobility, prolonged carrier lifetime, and constrained recombination traps. Good generality of 2PACz as HTL is observed for PM6:PYF‐T‐o and PM6:PJ1‐γ systems as 2PACz‐based devices outperform PEDOT:PSS counterparts. These results demonstrate that SAMs are a promising candidate for hole transport engineering in high‐performance all‐PSCs.
Electrochromic Encryption and Decryption Smart Films Fabricated by Selective Photopolymerization of Polarization‐Dependent Triphenylamine‐Based Thin Films
Authors: Yu Dongmin , Jang Eunji , Wi Youngjae , Hyeong Jaeseok , Lee Kyung Min , Godman Nicholas P. , McConney Michael E. , De Sio Luciano , Lim Seok‐In , Jeong Kwang‐Un
Published: January 2025

The newly designed triphenylamine (TPA) based asymmetric monomer (TPA‐A) is synthesized for the development of a high‐security information encryption system. TPA‐A exhibits photoluminescence (PL) emission and redox‐active electrochromic (EC) properties, highlighting its potential as a smart encryptable ink. Introducing a methyl group to one side branch of the TPA‐A induces a steric hindrance effect, enabling TPA‐A to form a self‐assembled lamello‐columnar structure. This structural modification reduces the phase transition temperature and simultaneously allows for the uniaxial orientation of TPA‐A by a simple shear‐coating process. The uniaxially oriented and self‐assembled TPA‐A thin films exhibits polarization‐dependent PL properties and electrofluorochromic (EFC) characteristics combined with redox‐responsive EC properties. The selective photopolymerization of polarization‐dependent TPA‐A thin film generates a dual‐mode information encryption system. The newly developed EC smart film can open a new door for optoelectronic information encryption and anti‐counterfeiting technologies.
Stepwise Planarizing Geometries of D–A Type Red Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Molecules in Condensed States Toward High‐Efficiency Red/NIR OLEDs
Authors: Wang Hui , Lin Sen , Chen Jia‐Xiong , Hao Xiao‐Yao , Fan Xiao‐Chun , Shi Yi‐Zhong , Yu Jia , Chen Xian‐Kai , Wang Kai , Zhang Xiao‐Hong
Published: January 2025

Quasiplanar donor–acceptor (D–A) thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules are appealing candidates for efficient red/near‐infrared (NIR) emitters but have not been realized. Herein, for the first time, a stepwise approach to achieve this goal via a spiro‐locked C─C covalent bond linking strategy combined with the subtle management of intermolecular C─H···CN noncovalent bonds in condensed states is presented. This synergetic effect enables the newly developed molecule, DCN‐SAC, to not only attain nearly unity photoluminescence quantum yield, with a horizontal dipole ratio of up to 89% at 5 wt% doped conditions but also achieve a quasiplanar configuration with high‐exciton‐harvesting J‐aggregates under neat condensed conditions. The optimized organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) using DCN‐SAC as the dopant furnishes a topmost external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 38.7% at 631 nm among all red OLEDs based on TADF materials. More importantly, a DCN‐SAC‐based nondoped OLED affords a remarkable EQE of 12.6% with an emission peak at 730 nm, which sets a record‐breaking value among all previously reported nondoped TADF devices in the similar emission region. These findings reveal the effectiveness and great potential of stepwise planarity, presenting a new paradigm for developing high‐efficiency red/NIR TADF OLEDs.
Synergetic Atom‐Island and Metal Alloy Triggering Tandem Reaction for CH4 Photooxidation to CH3OH
Authors: Xiao Zhen , Shen Jinni , Jiang Jianing , Zhang Jiangjie , Liang Shuqi , Han Shitong , Long Jinlin , Dai Wenxin , Li Yi , Wang Xuxu , Xi Hailing , Fu Xianzhi , Zhang Zizhong
Published: January 2025

CH3OH is the most desired product of photocatalytic CH4 conversion. The prominent metal‐decorated photocatalyst is challenging in both high yield and selectivity for CH3OH products due to over‐oxidation by •OH mechanism. Here, interstitial Zn is fabricated into ZniO to induce the formation of Zn atom island for rapid single electron reduction of O2 into •OOH instead of •OH for the selective combination with methyl into CH3OOH. AuPd alloy is simultaneously decorated on ZniO surface for tuning CH3OOH adsorption and reduction into CH3OH. The synergy of Zn atom island and AuPd alloy achieve a tandem reaction pathway (CH4→CH3OOH→CH3OH) for an unprecedented CH3OH yield of 2444 mmol gAuPd−1 h−1 (or 8800 µmol gcat−1 h−1) with 98.3% selectivity, which bypasses the •OH mechanism for tuning the high selectivity of CH3OH. An apparent quantum efficiency of 18.53% at 370 nm for CH4 conversion are super to the reported photocatalytic systems. Thus, this work provides the new strategy of the synergetic atom island and metal alloy photocatalysts through a tandem reaction pathway to mediate the photocatalytic selective oxidation of CH4 into the desired CH3OH.
Electrochemical Interface Engineering on a Silicon‐Based Anode via Fluorinated‐Additive‐Assisted Interplay with the Electric Double Layer
Authors: Yan Ming‐Yan , Zhu Yu‐Hui , Liang Jia‐Yan , Liu Qing‐Xiang , Zhang Xu‐Sheng , Li Ge , Guo Hua , Fan Min , Wang Wen‐Peng , Chen Xingyu , Li Bao , Yan Hui‐Juan , Xin Sen , Gao Hongcai
Published: January 2025

Incorporating functional fluorinated additives into the electrolyte has demonstrated a promising strategy for improving the electrochemical and interfacial stability of silicon‐based anode materials. In previous studies, these additives are claimed responsible for formation of a fluorinated solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) owing to matched orbital energy level with the other electrolyte components. The electric double layer (EDL) created via ionic‐electronic coupling at a (sub)nanoscale shows potential influence on the initial SEI formation at the anode, yet the underlying relationship among electrolyte additive, EDL and SEI remains obscure. Here, it is shown that, introduction of 0.5 wt.% trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSOTF) additive into a conventional LiPF6‐based electrolyte helps to refine the EDL configuration, allowing stronger participation of additive molecules and counter anions for building a fluoride‐rich layers during initial SEI formation. This dynamic maintenance of an inorganic‐rich matrix (LiF, LixPOyFz, and LixSy) throughout the electrochemical process results in a SEI with optimized chemical composition, enhancing Li+ transport, mechanical strength, and structural integrity. Consequently, a SiOx (x≈1) anode exhibits improved cycling and rate performance, and electrode conformality. This work helps to clarify the EDL‐SEI interplay and provide guidelines for rational design of kinetically‐stable SEI on a high‐capacity anode with substantial volume variations.
Boosting OER Performance of NiFe‐MOFs via Heterostructure Engineering: Promoted Phase Transformation and Self‐optimized Dynamic Interface Electron Structure
Authors: Jia Jinzhi , Wang Yantao , Cha Yongyu , Wang Zhongwei , Huang Junfeng , Wang Denan , Li Hua , Guo Kailu , Li Jian , Huang Jier , Tang Yu , Xu Cailing
Published: January 2025

How to manipulate heterostructure engineering to achieve high‐efficiency oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains a significant challenge. Herein, a promising OER heterostructure electrocatalyst with IrNi nanoalloys (≈3.29 ± 0.12 nm) anchored on NiFe‐MOFs (IrNi@NiFe‐MOFs), exhibiting promoted phase transformation and self‐optimized dynamic interface electronic structure, via a one‐step hydrothermal method is designed and developed. Specifically, IrNi@NiFe‐MOFs displays excellent OER performance with a low overpotential of 228 mV at 10 mA cm−2, a small Tafel slope of 37.6 mV dec−1, and robust stability at 10 and 100 mA cm−2. Experimental and theoretical calculations identify the actual active sites as IrNi@NiFeOOH and further reveal that the dynamic structure evolution and self‐optimized dynamic interface electron structure, promoted by heterostructure engineering, boost its OER catalytic performance. Moreover, IrNi@NiFeOOH heterostructure displays strong interface electron interactions and a unique self‐optimized dynamic interface electron structure, resulting in better charge redistribution and adaptive bonding (Ir─O─Ni/Fe bonds). This structure therefore plays a critical role in promoting electron transfer, facilitating the dynamic evolution of reaction intermediates, and reducing the energy barrier of the potential‐determining step, thereby boosting the OER performance. These findings provide new insights into the development of MOF‐based electrocatalysts via heterostructure engineering.
A Solvatochromic and Photosensitized Lipid Droplet Probe Detects Local Polarity Heterogeneity and Labels Interacting Proteins in Human Liver Disease Tissue
Authors: Wang Yuhui , Guo Hengke , Wan Wang , Jing Biao , Bai Yulong , Sun Jialu , Zhang Xin , Gao Zhenming , Liu Yu , Dong Xuepeng
Published: January 2025

The intricate morphology, physicochemical properties, and interacting proteins of lipid droplets (LDs) are associated with cell metabolism and related diseases. To uncover these layers of information, a solvatochromic and photosensitized LDs‐targeted probe based on the furan‐based D‐D‐π‐A scaffold is developed to offer the following integrated functions. First, the turn‐on fluorescence of the probe upon selectively binding to LDs allows for direct visualization of their location and morphology. Second, its solvatochromic fluorescence with linear correlation to polarity quantifies micro‐environmental heterogeneity among LDs. Third, the unique photosensitized properties enable photocatalytic proximity labeling and enrichment of LDs‐interacting proteins, ready for potential downstream proteomic analysis. These functions are exemplified using artificial LDs in buffer, stressed liver cell line, and diseased liver tissues biopsied from patients. While most LD sensors only offer fluorescence imaging functions, the multi‐functional LD probe reported herein integrates both singlet fluorescence and triplet photosensitization properties for LDs studies.
Elucidating Thermal Decomposition Kinetic Mechanism of Charged Layered Oxide Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Qiaojun , Li Yu , Liu Mingquan , Li Ying , Zhao Huichun , Ren Haixia , Zhao Yang , Zhou Qiannan , Feng Xin , Shi Jing , Wu Chuan , Bai Ying
Published: January 2025

The safety of the P2‐type layered transition metal oxides (P2‐NaxTMO2), a promising cathode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), is a prerequisite for grid‐scale energy storage systems. However, previous thermal runaway studies mainly focused on morphological changes resulting from gas production detection and thermogravimetric analysis, while the structural transition and chemical reactions underlying these processes are still unclear. Herein, a comprehensive methodology to unveil an interplay mechanism among phase structures, interfacial microcrack, and thermal stability of the charged P2‐Na0.8Ni0.33Mn0.67O2 (NNMO) and the P2‐Na0.8Ni0.21Li0.12Mn0.67O2 (NNMO‐Li) at elevated temperatures is established. Combining a series of crystallographic and thermodynamic characterization techniques, the specific chemical reactions occurring in the NNMO materials during thermal runaway are clarified first and solidly proved that Li doping effectively hinders the dissolution of transition metal ions, reduces oxygen release, and enhances thermal stability at elevated temperatures. Importantly, based on Arrhenius and nonisothermal kinetic equations, the kinetic triplet model is successfully constructed to in‐depth elucidate the thermal decomposition reaction mechanism of P2‐NaxTMO2, demonstrating that such thermodynamic assessment provides a new perspective for building high‐safety SIBs.
Synergistically Enhanced Co‐Adsorption of Reactant and Hydroxyl on Platinum‐Modified Copper Oxide for High‐Performance HMF Oxidation
Authors: Li Jiaran , Qiu Rongxing , Zhang Siwang , Peng Li , Dong Yangyang , Jiang Yuan , Li Yin , Fang Nan , Yu Jia , Dong Jin‐Chao , Zheng Haohui , Ding Lingzhi , Wan Jinlong , Akpinar Isil , Kuang Junhua , Chen Gaofeng , Ye Jinyu , Sun Yong , Lin Lu , Zheng Shisheng , Yang Shuliang , Li Jun , Li Jian‐Feng
Published: January 2025

Electrochemical oxidation of biomass‐derived 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) provides an environmentally friendly route for producing the sustainable polymer monomer 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). Thus, precisely adjusting the synergistic adsorption among key reactive species, such as HMF and OHads, on the carefully designed catalyst surface is essential for achieving satisfactory catalytic performance for HMF oxidation to FDCA as it is closely related to the adsorption strength and configuration of the reaction substrates. This kind of regulation will ultimately facilitate the improvement of HMF oxidation performance. In this work, Pt nanoparticles modified CuO nanowires (denoted as Pt/CuO@CF) are constructed for the selective electrooxidation of HMF to FDCA under alkaline conditions. The well‐designed Pt/CuO@CF demonstrates highly impressive catalytic performance across a range of HMF concentrations, ranging from the commonly used concentrations to higher levels typically not explored (10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mm) with high FEFDCA (all above 95%) and outstanding long‐term stability (15 cycles). In situ experimental characterizations confirm that the designed heterogeneous interface between Pt and CuO enhances the enrichment of HMF and OHads species on the catalyst surface. Theoretical calculations reveal the anchored Pt nanoparticles reduce the adsorption barrier for HMF and OHads, thereby promoting the highly selective oxidation of HMF to FDCA.
Angle‐Tolerant Circular Eigenpolarizations Enabled by Orientational Disorder in Dielectric Metasurfaces
Authors: Tanaka Katsuya , Rahimzadegan Aso , Arslan Dennis , Fitriana Anna , Fasold Stefan , Pidgayko Dmitry , Steinert Michael , Pertsch Thomas , Decker Manuel , Rockstuhl Carsten , Staude Isabelle
Published: January 2025

Tailored structural disorder in photonic metasurfaces enables advanced light shaping. Specifically, an orientational disorder in chiral nanostructures leads to circular eigenpolarizations with a heavily suppressed linear birefringence. The orientational disorder is, therefore, vital to observing purely chiroptical effects such as circular dichroism and optical activity. Here, it is experimentally and numerically demonstrated that all‐dielectric orientationally disordered chiral bilayer square array metasurfaces preserve highly circular eigenpolarizations for a wide range of incidence angles. The angle‐dependent performance of disordered chiral metasurfaces is compared with that of their C2 and C4 symmetric periodic counterparts, demonstrating that the disordered structures provide nearly pure circular eigenpolarizations across a larger range of angles and wavelengths, whereas the periodic ones do not. These findings underscore the ability of tailored disorder to enhance the robustness of engineered chiroptical responses of all‐dielectric metasurfaces and highlight its potential for flat, integrable, and highly efficient optical components, such as circular polarizers and beam splitters.
Micro‐Scale Topography Triggers Dynamic 3D Nuclear Deformations
Authors: Leclech Claire , Cardillo Giulia , Roellinger Bettina , Zhang Xingjian , Frederick Joni , Mamchaoui Kamel , Coirault Catherine , Barakat Abdul I.
Published: January 2025

Navigating complex extracellular environments requires extensive deformation of cells and their nuclei. Most in vitro systems used to study nuclear deformations impose whole‐cell confinement that mimics the physical crowding experienced by cells during 3D migration through tissues. Such systems, however, do not reproduce the types of nuclear deformations expected to occur in cells that line tissues such as endothelial or epithelial cells whose physical confinement stems principally from the topography of their underlying basement membrane. Here, it is shown that endothelial cells and myoblasts cultured on microgroove substrates that mimic the anisotropic topography of the basement membrane exhibit large‐scale 3D nuclear deformations, with partial to complete nuclear penetration into the microgrooves. These deformations do not lead to significant DNA damage and are dynamic with nuclei cyclically entering and exiting the microgrooves. Atomic force microscopy measurements show that these deformation cycles are accompanied by transient changes in perinuclear stiffness. Interestingly, nuclear penetration into the grooves is driven principally by cell‐substrate adhesion stresses, with a limited need for cytoskeleton‐associated forces. Finally, it is demonstrated that myoblasts from laminopathy patients exhibit abnormal nuclear deformations on microgrooves, raising the possibility of using microgroove substrates as a novel functional diagnostic platform for pathologies that involve abnormal nuclear mechanics.
Printed Optoelectronic Memories Using Gr/WS2 Nanostructured Composite Ink for Retina‐Inspired Vision Persistent Synapses
Authors: Bai Jiahui , Wang Qiuyan , Zheng Qiaoqiao , Liu Dong , Zhan Hongbing , Xu Renjing , Pei Jiajie
Published: January 2025

The rapid advancement of neuromorphic computing and machine vision drives the need for optoelectronic memories that mimic neural and visual systems, integrating optical sensing, data storage, and processing. Traditional fabrication methods are often complex, multistep processes that struggle to achieve lightweight, scalable, and flexible designs. This limitation highlights the need for alternative approaches like printing technologies to enable flexible optoelectronic memory development. Here, a novel approach is presented to print optoelectronic memories using graphene (Gr)/WS2 nanostructured composite ink. This composite ink utilizes Gr nanosheets as conductive channels and defect sites in WS2 as charge capture centers, forming local heterojunctions that enable efficient photoelectric storage. Two types of Gr/WS2 composite inks are developed, tested, and compared with pure Gr ink. The findings reveal that the Gr/WS2 nanocomposite ink with enhanced edge states exhibits superior memory performance. Devices print using this ink demonstrated the ability to store visual information in both single‐pulse and multi‐pulse modes, reflecting potential applications in retina‐inspired visual persistence and neuromorphic computing. This work highlights the promise of printed 2D material‐based optoelectronic memories for advancing scalable, low‐cost, and flexible electronic devices.
Broadband, Single‐Layered, and Optically Transparent Reflective Phase‐Shifting‐Surface Array for Beam Manipulation and Enhanced Wireless Communications
Authors: Cai Longzhu , Zhou Jianjing , Zhou Jiaqi , Zhang Lei , Jiang Zhi Hao , Hong Wei
Published: January 2025

Optically transparent electromagnetic devices play a crucial role in modern society, yet conventional optically transparent millimeter‐wave devices suffer from high return loss, limited phase shift, narrow bandwidth, high profile, and low optical transparency. Current materials, fabrication processes, and design methodologies restrict the development of high‐performance optically transparent reflective phase‐shifting‐surface arrays or reflectarrays. To address this, a design concept for broadband, single‐layered, and optically transparent reflectarray antennas is reported, which can be integrated with glass windows for beam manipulation and enhanced indoor signal coverage and wireless communications. The proposed reflectarray element employs a single‐layered cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) medium as the dielectric substrate, with fine metal line (FML) patterns under 50 µm width to create multi‐resonant structures for phase range broadening. This architecture combines multi‐resonant phase‐shifting elements with minimal FML structures and low‐loss COC substrate, achieving exceptional antenna performance while ensuring high optical transparency. Wireless communication transmission experiments validate the functionality and performance advantages of the fabricated optically transparent reflectarray. These results substantiate the immense potential and broad application prospects of the novel optically transparent COC dielectric material, the FML structure, and the proposed design concepts and methods in advancing high‐performance optically transparent reflectarrays and related communication systems.
TP53 Mutations in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Context‐Dependent Evaluation of Prognostic Relevance
Authors: Tefferi Ayalew , Abdelmagid Maymona , Loscocco Giuseppe G. , Fathima Saubia , Begna Kebede H. , Al‐Kali Aref , Foran James , Palmer Jeanne , Badar Talha , Patnaik Mrinal M. , Reichard Kaaren K. , He Rong , Zepeda Mendoza Cinthya J. , Shah Mithun , Orazi Attilio , Arber Daniel A. , Pardanani Animesh , Vannucchi Alessandro M. , Hiwase Devendra , Gangat Naseema , Guglielmelli Paola
Published: January 2025

The clinical relevance of TP53 mutations (TP53MUT) in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) and their prognostic interaction with MPN subtype designation has not been systematically studied. In the current study, 114 patients with MPN harboring TP53MUT (VAF ≥ 2%) were evaluated for overall survival (OS), calculated from the time of TP53MUT detection: chronic phase myelofibrosis (MF‐CP; N = 61); blast‐phase (MPN‐BP; N = 31) or accelerated‐phase (MPN‐AP; N = 16) MPN, and polycythemia vera/essential thrombocythemia (PV/ET; N = 6). Sixty‐five (57%) patients harbored International Consensus Classification (ICC)‐defined multihit TP53MUT and 56 (49%) monosomal/complex karyotype (MK/CK). Majority of MPN‐BP (90%) and MPN‐AP (81%) while 39% of MF‐CP and none of PV/ET patients harbored multihit TP53MUT. OS in MPN‐BP and MPN‐AP was equally dismal (median 6 vs. 4.5 months, respectively; p = 1.0), regardless of multihit configuration (p = 0.44), while OS in TP53MUT MPN‐BP/AP (N = 47; median 4 months) was inferior to that of a separate cohort (N = 49) with TP53 wild‐type MPN‐BP/AP (median 11 months; p < 0.01). OS in MF‐CP was significantly shorter with multihit versus non‐multihit TP53MUT (median 10 vs. 35 months; HR 2.9; p < 0.01), independent of other MF‐relevant genetic risk factors, including ASXL1/SRSF2/U2AF1 mutations. Multihit TP53MUT was also associated with inferior survival following allogeneic stem cell transplant (ASCT): median 9 months versus “not reached” in patients with (N = 9) versus without (N = 8) multihit TP53MUT (p < 0.01). The presence of multihit or non‐multihit TP53MUT in MPN‐BP/AP or multihit TP53MUT in MF‐CP is associated with exceptionally poor prognosis and justifies inclusion into the ICC category of “myeloid neoplasms with mutated TP53.” By contrast, detection of non‐multihit TP53MUT, by itself, might not endanger short‐term survival in MF‐CP, PV, or ET.
The Introduction of Extended Out‐of‐Home Care (OOHC) Until 21 Years in Australia: A Mapping of Policy, Legislation and Programs in Each Jurisdiction
Authors: Mendes Philip , Roche Steven , Kristo Isabella , O'Donnell Melissa , Moore Tim , Malvaso Catia , Venables Jemma , McDowall Joseph
Published: January 2025

It is increasingly recognised by global research that extending out‐of‐home care (OOHC) until at least 21 years of age is the policy reform most likely to advance improved outcomes for care leavers. In recent years, all eight Australian jurisdictions (States and Territories) have introduced forms of extended care programs. Yet, major variations remain between these jurisdictions in terms of the placement types covered, the levels of support and funding, and the terms and language used to describe their programs. This paper maps the existing policy developments in each jurisdiction and the level of program supports provided to care leavers aged 18–21 years. For each jurisdiction, we establish extended care eligibility and coverage, funding and adequacy, and the key terminology used. Our discussion of the commonalities and differences between the jurisdictions suggests that some sub‐groups of care leavers may need additional and specialised forms of support. They include most notably those exiting residential care and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander care leavers.
Benzothiadiazole Based Bifunctional Monomers: Design, Electronic and Geometric Effects on Their Tri(4‐Ethynylphenyl)amine Based Conjugated Microporous Polymers for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Du Junping , Zhang Xianfang , Zhou Keyi , Liang Xin , Xu Liancai , Wang Shiwen , Chen Junli
Published: January 2025

Guided by density functional theory (DFT), four benzothiadiazole based bifunctional monomers with varying electronic properties and geometric sizes have been designed. Utilizing tri(4‐ethynylphenyl)amine (TEA) as a multifunctional monomer, with temperature control, four TEA‐based conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) TEA‐BT1‐TEA‐BT4 have been synthesized by Sonogashira Hagihara coupling polymerization. The electronic and geometric effects of the bifunctional monomers on the photocatalytic water splitting hydrogen evolution of TEA based CMPs have been investigated in detail. It shows that as the electron donating ability of the bifunctional monomers increases, the thermal stability enhances and the bandgap increases while the specific surface area and hydrogen evolution performance remain relatively unchanged. As the geometric area increases, the thermal stability decreases, the bandgap increases, the specific surface area and hydrogen evolution performance decreases seriously. All four polymers exhibit excellent thermal stability and stable photocatalytic water splitting hydrogen evolution properties. Without the presence of a cocatalyst, TEA‐BT1 gives the highest hydrogen evolution efficiency(115.74 μmol g−1 h−1). This research suggests that TEA is a novel and excellent multifunctional block for CMPs based photocatalysts, above all, it provides a new method to optimize CMPs properties to design high efficiency photocatalysts.
Regulation performance limitation of networked control systems under dual‐channel noise constraints
Authors: He Sicheng , Yang Qingsheng , Zhan Xisheng , Wu Bo
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we examine the regulation performance of single‐input single‐output networked control systems (NCSs). Network limitations such as time delay, noise, and insufficient bandwidth significantly challenge the regulation performance of NCSs. We derive the regulation performance limits under dual‐channel Gaussian noise, encoding–decoding processes, and bandwidth constraints using coprime factorization and spectral techniques. Our findings reveal that the regulation performance of NCSs is closely associated with the nonminimum phase zeros, unstable poles, and the communication constraints of the network. We also present a numerical simulation to validate our findings.
Generous Returners, Vanishing Refunds: How Consumers Spend Monetary Refunds of Returns
Authors: Jami Ata
Published: January 2025

For every $100 spent on retail industry, consumers on average return $14.50 value of products to retailers, and they receive the amount they originally paid as a refund. The refund money is fungible, and it can be freely spent on other items or be saved. This research examines consumers' propensity to spend return refunds and the types of products they purchase with return refunds. Across 10 studies (N = 2710), I show that people are more likely to make a purchase and to purchase hedonic products when they are spending return refunds versus money typically used for purchases. Examining the psychological mechanism underlying this effect, I show that consumers are more likely to spend return refunds because they perceive a lower psychological loss and experience less pain of paying when spending refund money than when spending other regularly available monetary sources. Hence, receiving return refunds has a stronger effect on the spending behavior of people who chronically experience an intense pain of paying (i.e., “tightwads”) than those who experience less pain (i.e., “spendthrifts”). Moreover, this research shows that neither payment depreciation nor the perception of a return refund as a windfall fully explain how people choose to spend it. In sum, individuals have a different psychological experience when they spend return refunds versus other conventional monetary sources.
Efficient Photothermal CO Hydrogenation into C2+ Hydrocarbons on in situ Generated Fe0 in Fe5C2 Active Sites via Cu‐Promoted Hydrogen Dissociation and Spillover†
Authors: Zhou Renjie , Jiang Haoyang , Xiao Yongcheng , Liu Yueren , Zhong Miao
Published: January 2025

Comprehensive Summary

Photothermal hydrogenation of carbon monoxide (CO) holds the potential to generate valuable C2+ chemicals using renewable solar energy. However, its activity and selectivity towards C2—C3 alkanes are limited compared to conventional thermal catalysis. In this study, we developed a robust catalyst consisting of Cu/Fe3O4 nanoparticles on Mo2CTx MXene, showing enhanced photothermal C2—C3 production. The Cu component plays a crucial role in H2 dissociation and subsequent H spillover, facilitating the in situ generation of Fe0 in Fe5C2 active sites and thus efficiently promoting photothermal CO hydrogenation. As a result, we achieved a 51.3% C2+ selectivity and 78.5% CO conversion at a high gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 12000 mL·gcat−1·h−1 and 2.5 MPa in a flow reactor at 320 °C. The overall C2—C3 yield reached 23.6% with Cu/Fe3O4/Mo2CTx catalysts, marking a 2.8‐fold increase compared to the performance of the bare Fe3O4/Mo2CTx catalyst.
Applying Color Appearance Model CAM16‐UCS in Image Processing Under HDR Viewing Conditions
Authors: Shi Xinye , Luo Ming Ronnier , Zhu Yuechen
Published: January 2025

Achieving successful cross‐media color reproduction is very important in image processing. The purpose of this study is to accumulate high dynamic range data to verify and modify the CAM16‐UCS model. There are two experiments in this study. The first experiment was aimed to collect corresponding data of color patches between colors on a display and the real scene viewed under high dynamic range viewing conditions. The results were used to refine CAM16‐UCS model. Six illumination levels (i.e., 15, 100, 1000, 3160, 10 000, and 32 000 lx) and 13 test color samples were used in the experiment. Ten observers adjusted the color patches on the display to match the color samples of the real scene. The visual results showed a clear trend, an increase in the illumination level raised vividness perception (both increase in lightness and colorfulness). However, CAM16‐UCS did not give accurate prediction to the visual results, especially in the lightness direction. The model was then refined to achieve satisfactory performance and to truthfully reflect the visual phenomena. However, the effect of the modified model could not achieve successful color image reproduction, especially under low illumination conditions. Experiment 2 was conducted by adjusting the overall lightness and colorfulness of the image. The results were used to extend the model for image reproduction. Also, an independent experiment verified that the image generated by the new model matched the real environment well, indicating that the model can perform well in scene restoration.
Health‐related quality of life across heart failure categories: associations with clinical characteristics and outcomes
Authors: Settergren Camilla , Benson Lina , Dahlström Ulf , Thorvaldsen Tonje , Savarese Gianluigi , Lund Lars H. , Shahim Bahira
Published: January 2025

Aims

The study aims to examine characteristics and outcomes associated with health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with heart failure (HF) with preserved, mildly reduced and reduced ejection fraction (EF) (HFpEF, HFmrEF and HFrEF).

Methods and results

Data on HRQoL were collected in the Swedish Heart Failure Registry (SwedeHF; 2000–2021) using the EuroQoL 5‐dimensional visual analogue scale (EQ 5D‐vas). Baseline EQ 5D‐vas scores were categorized as ‘best’ (76–100), ‘good’ (51–75), ‘bad’ (26–50) and ‘worst’ (0–25). Independent associations between patients' characteristics and EQ 5D‐vas, as well as between EQ 5D‐vas and outcomes were assessed. Of 40 809 patients (median age 74 years; 32% female), 29% were in the ‘best’, 41% in the ‘good’, 25% in the ‘bad’ and 5% in the ‘worst’ EQ 5D‐vas categories, similarly distributed across all EF categories. Higher New York Heart Association (NYHA) class was strongly associated with lower EQ 5D‐vas regardless of EF categories, followed by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, smoking, body mass index, higher heart rate, anaemia, previous stroke, ischaemic heart disease, use of diuretics and living alone, whereas higher income, male sex, outpatient status and higher systolic blood pressure were inversely associated with lower EQ 5D‐vas categories. Patients in the ‘worst’ EQ 5D‐vas category as compared with the ‘best’ had the highest risk of all‐cause death [adjusted hazard ratios 1.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.64–2.37 in HFrEF, 1.77, 95% CI 1.30–2.40 in HFmrEF and 1.43 95% CI 1.02–2.00 in HFpEF].

Conclusions

Most patients were in the two highest EQ 5D‐vas categories. Higher NYHA class had the strongest association with lower EQ 5D‐vas categories, across all EF categories. Patients in the worst EQ 5D‐vas category were at the highest risk of mortality.
A Study on the Evaluation Method for the Operating Status of Overhead Transmission Lines Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)
Authors: Wang Qingbin , Wang Liang , Tian Rui , Cao Shuangpeng , Zuo Shuai , Che Di , Jing Lantao
Published: January 2025

To address the challenge of dynamically assessing overhead transmission lines under varying meteorological conditions through manual inspections and drone monitoring, this study proposes an evaluation method for the operating status of overhead transmission lines based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). A mathematical model based on AHP is first established to perform weighted processing of five meteorological factors, generating a comprehensive meteorological dataset. A simulation model for the LGJ‐300/70 type conductor is then developed under the temperature field, where temperature distribution during operation is determined based on different meteorological data. Stress variations are observed, and evaluation criteria are established by calculating displacement deviations in the two‐dimensional transmission line model. The transmission line is considered to be in a normal operating state when the maximum displacement deviation is ≤ ±0.63 mm. This demonstrates that the AHP‐based evaluation method can effectively enable dynamic assessment of the operating status of overhead transmission lines.
An Implicit Scheme for Least‐Square Gradient in Coupled Algorithm
Authors: Li Zhao‐Ren , Ou Guo‐Hui , Chen Li , Ji Wen‐Tao , Tao Wen‐Quan
Published: January 2025

In this paper, an implicit scheme that uses the least‐square method to compute the pressure gradient term in the momentum equation, mainly for coupled algorithm was proposed. Accurate computation of the pressure gradient is crucial in computational fluid dynamics, directly influencing the precision of calculation results. The least‐square gradient can reach unconditional second‐order accuracy in the finite volume method. Currently, the least‐square gradient method is predominantly employed in segregated algorithms, primarily utilizing explicit schemes that are not applicable to coupled algorithms. The scarcity of high‐accuracy schemes for computing pressure gradients in coupled algorithms underscores a significant research gap. It contributes by presenting a derivation of an implicit scheme for the least‐square gradient, complemented by an extensive discussion on boundary treatment methods. The efficacy of proposed least‐square method through comparative analysis involving the Green‐Gauss method, as well as benchmarking against existing literature or analytical solutions across distinct cases. The findings demonstrate that, in the majority of cases, the least‐square method offers superior accuracy and convergence rates compared with the Green‐Gauss method.
Novel PDGFRB Gene Fusions in Two Cases of Infantile Myofibromatosis
Authors: Boccia Federica , Barresi Sabina , Vallese Silvia , Martino Valentina Di , Bombaci Sabrina , Massuras Stefania , Gazzin Andrea , Carli Diana , Coppo Paola , Roma Rocco , Giovannoni Isabella , Mussa Alessandro , Alaggio Rita
Published: January 2025

Infantile myofibromatosis (IM) comprises a wide clinical spectrum, ranging from solitary or multicentric lesions to generalized life‐threatening forms. IM is mostly linked to germline or somatic heterozygous mutations in the PDGFRβ tyrosine kinase, encoded by the PDGFRB gene. Treatments for IM range from wait and see approach to systemic chemotherapy, according to the clinical context. Targeted therapies, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) like Imatinib, show promise in treating IM lesions with PDGFRB gain‐of‐function mutations. Here, we report the first evidence of two sporadic, multifocal IM with PDGFRB gene fusions. RNA sequencing analysis revealed two novel fusion transcripts involving the protein kinase domain of PDGFRB, with UBE2I and FN1 genes, respectively. Although gene fusions are frequent and potent oncogenic drivers in soft‐tissue neoplasia, fusion genes involving PDGFRB have not previously been linked to IM. DNA‐based NGS panel testing may not detect chromosomal rearrangements, such as translocations, emphasizing the critical role of comprehensive molecular profiling, including RNA sequencing, in diagnosing and managing children with IM.
Electromagnetic and Chemical Reactions of Unsteady Viscoelastic Flow of MHD Walter's‐B Through Vertical Porous Plates
Authors: Reddy Karnati V. , Mekala Anjaneyulu , Saidireddy Donthireddy , Nellutla Raju
Published: January 2025

This study examines the transient magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of Walter's‐B viscoelastic fluid over a vertical porous plate within a porous medium, considering the effects of radiation and chemical processes. The nonlinear flow control equations are solved using a closed‐loop method, producing detailed numerical solutions for velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles. Velocity decreases with increasing permeability (K), Schmidt number (Sc), radiation (R), and magnetic field strength (M). In contrast, it increases with higher Prandtl number (Pr), permeability (K), and time (t). Temperature decreases with higher radiation but rises with Prandtl number and time. Concentration decreases with higher permeability and Schmidt number but increases with time. Notably, an increase in the Brownian motion parameter enhances heat and momentum transfer, thickening the velocity and thermal boundary layers. This research has practical applications in fields, such as blood oxygenators, chemical reactors, and polymer processing industries. The novelty of the study lies in its integration of radiation, chemical processes, and MHD flows in the analysis of viscoelastic fluids, a topic that has not been widely explored in previous studies. Future research could focus on optimizing MHD Walter's‐B viscoelastic flow systems, with particular attention to the effects of magnetic field strength and viscoelastic parameters on flow behavior.
Transumbilical robotic single‐port (RSP) sacrohysteropexy: A case report and literature review
Authors: Zhang Chunhua , Fu Xueshu , Fang Fang , Wei Shanchuang , Lu Qian , Guan Xiaoming
Published: January 2025

In this study, we report a 42‐year‐old woman who was preoperatively diagnosed with uterine prolapse degree III. After full communication and signing the informed consent, the patient received transumbilical single‐port laparoscopic sacrohysteropexy with the assistance of a robot under general anesthesia on January 11, 2024. Our hospital successfully performed the single‐port robot‐assisted transumbilical laparoscopic sacrohysteropexy in China, which confirms the safety and effectiveness of Jingfeng single port surgical robot system SP1000 in clinical application.
Wide‐Angle Slide PROJECTION
Authors: Weiss Helmut
Published: January 2025

The distribution of screen illuminance from a slide projector does not have to follow the “Cos4 Law of Illumination” but can be controlled by proper design of the illuminating condenser.
Energy Transfer from CRT To Photosensitive Media
Authors: Beiser Leo
Published: January 2025

A method is presented for determining the degree of “fit” to be expected between the cathode‐ray tube, as the source of radiation, and a photosensor for subsequent display or data processing. Four most prominent photo‐recording phosphors have been matched with the two basic emulsions to derive a set of transfer indices from CRT to film. Similarly, two of the phosphor types have been matched with two prominent photocathode types to yield similar transfer indices from CRT to photomultiplier. Specification incompatibility and uncertainty have been eliminated by stepping back to the power input to the cathode‐ray tube as the source of energy, and tracing the power losses through the phosphor and the optics in corresponding units.

Precaution regarding phosphor decay rates, spectral incompatibility, and intervening elements has brought to light the danger of neglect of such factors. Power transfer equations are developed having indices which may be directly extracted from several tables. The ease with which reliable design conclusions may be reached is demonstrated.
Spread Regression, Skewness Regression, and Kurtosis Regression With an Application to the US Wage Structure
Authors: Chen Qiang , Xiao Zhijie
Published: January 2025

Quantile regression provides a powerful tool for investigating the effects of covariates on key quantiles of a conditional distribution. However, we often lack a general picture of how covariates affect the overall shape of the conditional distribution. Using quantile regression estimation and quantile‐based measures of spread, skewness, and kurtosis, we propose spread regression, skewness regression, and kurtosis regression as empirical tools to quantify the effects of covariates on the spread, skewness, and kurtosis of the conditional distribution. This methodology is applied to US wage data during 1980–2019 with substantive findings, and a comparison is made with a moment‐based robust approach. In addition, we decompose changes in the spread into composition effects and structural effects to clarify rising inequality. We also provide the Stata commands spreadreg, skewreg, and kurtosisreg, which are available from the Statistical Software Components (SSC) archive, for easy implementation of spread, skewness, and kurtotis regressions.
Virtual Reality‐Based Attention Prediction Model in Gaming for Autistic Children
Authors: P Valarmathi , A Packialatha
Published: January 2025

Nowadays, virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a successful new therapeutic strategy in a variety of sectors of the health profession, including rehabilitation, the promotion of inpatients' emotional wellness, diagnostics, surgeon training and mental health therapy. This study develops a new model VRAPMG for children with ASD with the following steps that consider 3D gaming. In this work, the face image is considered to evaluate the attention of the children. In the data acquisition, the input face image is converted into a noncoloured image called a greyscale image. The preprocessing phase is carried out with a median filter and Viola–Jones (VJ) algorithm–based face detection is carried out. Then, the improved active shape model (ASM), shape local binary texture (SLBT) and eye position localization–based features are extracted. In the detection phase, DMO and Bi‐GRU models are combined to form the hybrid classification model. Then, improved SLF is done, and the output is detected. Depending on the detected emotions, it is determined whether the children are attentive or not via entropy‐based attention prediction.
Relapsed Philadelphia chromosome‐positive B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia responds well to a combination of modified hyper‐CVAD, blinatumomab and tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Authors: Basile Gaétan , Galtier Jean , Cazaubiel Titouan , Forcade Edouard , Klein Emilie , Bidet Audrey , Botella‐Garcia Carmen , Mediavilla Clémence , Clement Laurence , Dumas Pierre‐Yves , Pigneux Arnaud , Leguay Thibaut
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Adults with relapsed or refractory Philadelphia chromosome‐positive B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (R/R Ph+ BCP‐ALL) have a dismal outcome. Blinatumomab as a single agent has shown activity in R/R Ph‐ BCP‐ALL, and second or third‐generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) can produce high remission rates in Ph+ leukaemias. We aimed to assess the activity of blinatumomab and TKI in combination with intensive chemotherapy in the relapsed or refractory setting.

Methods

Ten patients with R/R Ph+ BCP‐ALL were treated with the combination of a modified hyper‐CVAD (mHCVAD) regimen (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, adriamycin, dexamethasone), blinatumomab and TKI (mainly ponatinib).

Results

Complete remission (CR) was achieved in 10/10 patients, with deep molecular responses, and 6/10 were alive in remission after a median follow‐up of 19.4 months. Three major cardiovascular events were noted.

Conclusion

These preliminary data, suggest that the mHCVAD‐blinatumomab‐TKI (mainly ponatinib) regimen may achieve a high rate of CR with undetectable measurable residual disease in adults with R/R Ph+ BCP‐ALL and could be proposed to such patients, but cardiovascular or infectious complications should be warning, especially in older or frail patients.