bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Life-course socioeconomic factors are associated with markers of epigenetic aging in a population-based study
Authors: Petrovic Dusan , Carmeli Cristian , Sandoval José Luis , Bodinier Barbara , Chadeau-Hyam Marc , Schrempft Stephanie , Ehret Georg , Dhayat Nasser Abdalla , Ponte Belén , Pruijm Menno , Dermitzakis Emmanouil , Vineis Paolo , Gonseth-Nusslé Sémira , Guessous Idris , McCrory Cathal , Bochud Murielle , Stringhini Silvia
Published: June 2022

Adverse socioeconomic circumstances negatively affect the functioning of biological systems, but the underlying mechanisms remain only partially understood. Here, we explore the associations between life-course socioeconomic factors and four markers of epigenetic aging in a population-based setting.

We used data from a population-based study conducted in Switzerland (SKIPOGH) to assess the association between childhood, adulthood, and life-course socioeconomic indicators, and blood-derived markers of epigenetic aging (Levine’s, DunedinPoAm38, GrimAge epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) and the mortality risk score (MS)). We used mixed regression to explore the associations between socioeconomic indicators and markers of epigenetic aging independently, and counterfactual mediation to investigate the mechanisms underlying the life-course socioeconomic gradient in epigenetic aging.

Individuals reporting a low father’s occupation, adverse financial conditions in childhood, a low income, having financial difficulties, or experiencing unfavorable socioeconomic trajectories were epigenetically older than their more advantaged counterparts. Specifically, this corresponded to an average increase of 1.0-1.5 years for Levine’s epigenetic age when compared to chronological age, 1.1-1.5 additional years for GrimAge, 5%-8% higher DunedinPoAm38 EAA, and 2%-5% higher MS score. By exploring the life-course mechanisms underlying the socioeconomic gradient in epigenetic aging, we found that both childhood and adulthood socioeconomic factors contributed to epigenetic aging, and that detrimental lifestyle factors mediated the relation between socioeconomic circumstances in adulthood and EAA.

Our study provides novel empirical evidence for a “sensitive-period” life-course model, whereby adverse socioeconomic circumstances in childhood and adulthood negatively affected epigenetic aging. Counterfactual mediation analyses further showed that the effect of socioeconomic factors in adulthood operated through detrimental lifestyle factors, whereas associations involving early-life socioeconomic factors were less clear.
HDAC9structural variants disruptingTWIST1transcriptional regulation lead to craniofacial and limb malformations
Authors: Hirsch Naama , Dahan Idit , D'haene Eva , Avni Matan , Vergult Sarah , Vidal-García Marta , Magini Pamela , Graziano Claudio , Severi Giulia , Bonora Elena , Nardone Anna Maria , Brancati Francesco , Fernández-Jaén Alberto , Rory Olson J. , Hallgrímsson Benedikt , Birnbaum Ramon Y.
Published: June 2022

Structural variants (SVs) can affect protein-coding sequences as well as gene regulatory elements. However, SVs disrupting protein-coding sequences that also function ascis-regulatory elements remain largely uncharacterized. Here, we show that craniosynostosis patients with SVs containing the histone deacetylase 9(HDAC9) protein-coding sequence are associated with disruption ofTWIST1regulatory elements that reside within theHDAC9sequence. Based on SVs within theHDAC9‐TWIST1locus, we defined the 3′-HDAC9sequence as a criticalTWIST1regulatory region, encompassing craniofacialTWIST1enhancers and CTCF sites. Deletions of eitherTwist1enhancers (eTw5-7Δ/Δ) or CTCF site (CTCF-5Δ/Δ) within theHdac9protein-coding sequence led to decreasedTwist1expression and altered anterior/posterior limb expression patterns of SHH pathway genes. This decreasedTwist1expression results in a smaller sized and asymmetric skull and polydactyly that resemblesTwist1+/−mouse phenotype. Chromatin conformation analysis revealed that theTwist1promoter interacts withHdac9sequences that encompassTwist1enhancers and a CTCF site, and that interactions depended on the presence of both regulatory regions. Finally, a large inversion of the entireHdac9sequence (Hdac9INV/+) in mice that does not disruptHdac9expression but repositionsTwist1regulatory elements showed decreasedTwist1expression and led to a craniosynostosis-like phenotype and polydactyly. Thus, our study elucidates essential components ofTWIST1transcriptional machinery that reside within theHDAC9sequence. It suggests that SVs encompassing protein-coding sequences could lead to a phenotype that is not attributed to its protein function but rather to a disruption of the transcriptional regulation of a nearby gene.
Crystal structure of (K1.5Na0.5)Ca3Si3O10
Authors: Kahlenberg Volker
Published: June 2022

Single crystals of (K1.52Na0.48)Ca3Si3O10 [idealized (K1.5Na0.5)Ca3Si3O10, di(potassium, sodium) tricalcium trisilicate], were obtained from the crystallization of a glass with a molar oxide ratio of K2O:Na2O:CaO:SiO2 = 1.5:0.5:6:6 that was annealed at 1273 K. The crystal structure can be characterized as a mixed-anion oxidosilicate with isolated [SiO4] tetrahedra as well as [Si4O12] vierer single rings. The insular and cyclic silicate anions occur in the ratio 2:1, resulting in the idealized crystallochemical formula K3NaCa6[SiO4]2[Si4O12]. Charge compensation is provided by K+, Na+ (occupying the same sites) and Ca2+ cations. The two unique Ca2+ cations are coordinated by six O atoms, forming distorted octahedra. By sharing common corners, edges and faces, these [CaO6] polyhedra build up octahedral layer-like motifs parallel to (010). (K/Na)+ ions reside in voids between the the silicate anions and the calcium centered octahedra and are coordinated by eight to nine oxygen ligands. (K1.5Na0.5)Ca3Si3O10 is isotypic with K2Ca3Si3O10 indicating the existence of a solid-solution series K2–x
Na
x
Ca3Si3O10.
The current state of benchmarking use and networks in facilities management
Authors: Dodd Justin R. , Smithwick Jake , Call Steven , Kasana Dipin
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to address the knowledge gap on the use of benchmarking techniques as utilized by facilities management (FM) professionals for the purpose of identifying means to improve industry benchmarking practices and guide the direction of future FM benchmarking research.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected through surveying 585 FM practitioners representing various countries, organization sizes, types, industries. The data were summarized and analyzed through creating frequency tables, charts, and cross-tabulations. The survey results were compared to a previously published study on benchmarking use to identify the similarities and differences between benchmarking for FM functions vs core business functions.

Findings

The findings indicate that while FM-oriented benchmarking has been adopted at similar levels as other industries, FM-oriented benchmarking tends to be simplistic, lacks a strategic position in the company, often relies upon self-report survey data, is often performed by an individual with no formal benchmarking team and does not utilize process benchmarking or benchmarking networks. These findings emphasize the need for benchmarking education, advocacy for FM as a strategic business partner, the development of verified data sources and networks specifically for the unique greater facilities management field functions.

Practical implications

These findings provide needed data on the state of FM practitioner use of benchmarking specifically for FM functions in North America. The results can be used as an assessment for the industry, to improve practitioner use and knowledge, and to identify further avenues for academic study.

Originality/value

The value of this study lies in filling in identified knowledge gaps on how FM practitioners are using benchmarking in practice. These data are absent from the research literature and offer the potential to help bridge the academic-practitioner divide to ensure that future research will focus on addressing practitioner needs for the industry.
Connectedness between cryptocurrencies, gold and stock markets in the presence of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ghorbel Achraf , Loukil Sahar , Bahloul Walid
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This paper analyzes the connectedness with network among the major cryptocurrencies, the G7 stock indexes and the gold price over the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic period, in 2020.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used a multivariate approach proposed by Diebold and Yilmaz (2009, 2012 and 2014).

Findings

For a stock index portfolio, the results of static connectedness showed a higher independence between the stock markets during the COVID-19 crisis. It is worth noting that in general, cryptocurrencies are diversifiers for a stock index portfolio, which enable to reduce volatility especially in the crisis period. Dynamic connectedness results do not significantly differ from those of the static connectedness, the authors just mention that the Bitcoin Gold becomes a net receiver. The scope of connectedness was maintained after the shock for most of the cryptocurrencies, except for the Dash and the Bitcoin Gold, which joined a previous level. In fact, the Bitcoin has always been the biggest net transmitter of volatility connectedness or spillovers during the crisis period. Maker is the biggest net-receiver of volatility from the global system. As for gold, the authors notice that it has remained a net receiver with a significant increase in the network reception during the crisis period, which confirms its safe haven.

Originality/value

Overall, the authors conclude that connectedness is shown to be conditional on the extent of economic and financial uncertainties marked by the propagation of the coronavirus while the Bitcoin Gold and Litecoin are the least receivers, leading to the conclusion that they can be diversifiers.
Exploring the role of environmental literacy and social norms in farmers' LMTT adoption: evidence from China
Authors: Li Songqing , Huo Xuexi , Si Ruishi , Zhang Xueqian , Yao Yumeng , Dong Li
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Climatic changes caused by greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions are an urgent challenge for all regions around the globe while the livestock sector is an important source of GHGs emissions. The adoption of low-carbon manure treatment technology (LMTT) by farmers is emerging as an effective remedy to neutralize the carbon emissions of livestock. This paper aims to incorporate environmental literacy and social norms into the analysis framework, with the aim of exploring the impact of environmental literacy and social norms on farmers' adoption of LMTT and finally reduce GHGs emission and climate effects.

Design/methodology/approach

This research survey is conducted in Hebei, Henan and Hubei provinces of China. First, this research measures environmental literacy from environmental cognition, skill and responsibility and describes social norms from descriptive and imperative social norms. Second, this paper explores the influence of environmental literacy and social norms on the adoption of LMTT by farmers using the logit model. Third, Logit model's instrumental approach, i.e. IV-Logit, is applied to address the simultaneous biases between environmental skill and farmers’ LMTT adoption. Finally, the research used a moderating model to analyze feasible paths of environmental literacy and social norms that impact the adoption of LMTT by farmers.

Findings

The results showed that environmental literacy and social norms significantly and positively affect the adoption of LMTT by farmers. In particular, the effects of environmental literacy on the adoption of LMTT by farmers are mainly contributed by environmental skill and responsibility. The enhancement of social norms on the adoption of LMTT by farmers is mainly due to the leading role of imperative social norms. Meanwhile, if the endogeneity caused by the reverse effect between environmental skill and farmers’ LMTT adoption is dealt with, the role of environmental skill will be weakened. Additionally, LMTT technologies consist of energy and resource technologies. Compared to energy technology, social norms have a more substantial moderating effect on environmental literacy, affecting the adoption of farmer resource technology.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, a novel attempt is made to examine the effects of environmental literacy and social norms on the adoption of LMTT by farmers, with the objective of identifying more effective factors to increase the intensity of LMTT adoption by farmers.
Fraud in startups: what stakeholders need to know
Authors: Gleason Kimberly , Kannan Yezen H. , Rauch Christian
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to explain the fundraising and valuation processes of startups and discuss the conflicts of interest between entrepreneurs, venture capital (VC) firms and stakeholders in the context of startup corporate governance. Further, this paper uses the examples of WeWork and Zenefits to explain how a failure of stakeholders to demand an external audit from an independent accounting firm in early stages of funding led to an opportunity for fraud.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology used is a literature review and analysis of startup valuation combined with the Fraud Triangle Theory. This paper also provides a discussion of WeWork and Zenefits, both highly visible examples of startup fraud, and explores an increased role for independent external auditors in fraud risk mitigation on behalf of stakeholders prior to an initial public offering (IPO).

Findings

This paper documents a number of fraud risks posed by the “fake it till you make it” ethos and investor behavior and pricing in the world of entrepreneurial finance and VC, which could be mitigated by a greater awareness of startup stakeholders of the value of an external audit performed by an independent accounting firm prior to an IPO.

Research limitations/implications

An implication of this paper is that regulators should consider greater oversight of the startup financing process and potentially take steps to facilitate greater independence of participants in the IPO process.

Practical implications

Given the potential conflicts of interest between VC firms, investment banks and startup founders, the investors at the time of an IPO may be exposed to the risk that the shares of the IPO firms are overvalued at offering.

Social implications

This study demonstrates how startup practices can be extended to the Fraud Triangle and issue a call to action for the accounting profession to take a greater role in protecting the public from startup fraud. This study then offers recommendations for regulators and standards entities.

Originality/value

There are few academic papers in the financial crime literature that link the valuation and culture of startup firms with fraud risk. This study provides a concise explanation of the process of valuation for startups and highlights the considerations for stakeholders in assessing fraud risk. In addition, this study documents an emerging role for auditors as stewards of proper valuation for pre-IPO firms.
A novel neutrosophical approach in stakeholder analysis for sustainable fashion supply chains
Authors: Karadayi-Usta Saliha
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is proposing a novel neutrosophical stakeholders' analysis approach for sustainable fashion supply chain (SFSC), presenting a supply chain members and objectives in order to conduct a sustainable business, investigating the roles and positions of these stakeholders, determining the contribution levels of these stakeholders to the sustainability objectives, and accordingly identifying the convergence and divergence among the stakeholders in terms of realization of the objectives.

Design/methodology/approach

A novel neutrosophic set-based stakeholders' analysis Method of ACTors, Objectives, strength Reports (MACTOR) approach is proposed considering the uncertain and indeterminate opinions of decision-makers. In order to obtain the mutual opinions of decision-makers, Delphi technique is employed.

Findings

The analysis results of this research emphasizes that although the manufacturers can be thought as the foremost actor is SFSC by producing the main product, they have no superior power on conducting the business. Besides, the government, customer and fashion firms are the key players shaping the fashion industry. Retailers and distribution centers can be interpreted as an intermediary in between the other stakeholders. Moreover, the eco-friendly packaging providers have not gained an important role that they were supposed to in terms of the sustainability objectives.

Research limitations/implications

The application phase of the research includes the possibility of subjective judgments of the participants as a limitation. Therefore, Delphi technique is applied to overcome this challenge by multiple rounds of interviews for panel of participants in order to combine the benefits with elements of the wisdom of people.

Practical implications

Examining a multi-echelon supply chain is a practical implication providing the mutual opinions of experts such as designers, stylists, journalists, consultants, procurement managers, entrepreneurs, activists etc. for sustainability in the fashion industry. One can derive from the findings to determine which sub-echelon requires more attention, or which business is more important to focus on most, or which branch of activity influences others most.

Originality/value

This is one of the few articles that focuses on the sustainability objective and highlights the active roles of all members of the supply chain. Besides, this is the first study deploying neutrosophic sets for MACTOR analysis.
Dynamic characteristics analysis of complex aircraft pipeline system using MDSMA algorithm
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhu Hongyan , Li Wangzhen
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The dynamic characteristics prediction and frequency-modulation of pipeline was an important work for the design of aircraft hydraulic structure.

Design/methodology/approach

A complex pipeline was deemed as a combination of several segments of straight-pipe-element (SPE). The 3D vibration equations of each SPE were established in their local coordinate system based on Timoshenko-beam model and Euler-beam model, respectively. The dynamic-stiffness-matrixes were deduced from the dispersion relation of these equations. According to the complex pipeline layout in the global coordinate system, a multi dynamic stiffness matrixes assembling (MDSMA) algorithm was carried out to establish the characteristic equations of the whole complex pipeline. The MDSMA solutions were verified to be consistent with experimental results.

Findings

The MDSMA method based on Timoshenko-Beam model was more suitable for the short span aviation pipeline and the vibration at high frequency stage (>350 Hz). The layout affected the pipeline's in-plane stiffness and out-plane stiffness, for the Z-shaped pipe, each order natural mode took place on the ZP and NP alternately. Reasonable designs of bending position and bending radius were effective means for complex pipeline frequency-modulation.

Originality/value

A new dynamic modeling method of aircraft complex pipeline was proposed to obtain the influence of pipeline layout parameters on dynamic characteristics.
The relationship between brand constructs and motivational patterns in crowdfunding decisions. Evidence from university crowdfunding
Authors: Fortezza Fulvio , Checchinato Francesca , Slanzi Debora
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This study aims to expand the existing body of knowledge on crowdfunding (CF) motivational patterns with special reference to intangible factors, which most scholars assume to be the most important ones, especially in non-investment-based CF. The purpose is to understand how the presence of an established brand in a CF campaign can affect backers’ funding choices and the reasons behind them. To this end, the authors combine principles from identification, brand relationship and self-determination theories.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors considered the (altruistic in nature) domain of CF for social causes as the most widespread type of branded CF and chose the relevant empirical setting of “research CF” run by universities which seem to be more and more interested in connecting branding and fundraising efforts through the active involvement of their “relational circles”. Accordingly, the authors surveyed an extensive sample of students as a primary stakeholder group of potentially engaged backers from one of the first Italian universities to launch a CF program and used structural equation modelling to test the research hypotheses.

Findings

The authors found that, despite the CF domain considered, the choices made by backers (counterintuitively, women, in particular) manifest themselves as mostly self-oriented. This is partly explained by brand identification, which fully mediates the effect of brand pride and partially mediates the effect of brand respect (BR) on funding intention. Moreover, BR also directly drives CF choices.

Originality/value

This study portrays a remarkably different CF playground compared with conventional campaigns for both project proponents and backers with several theoretical and managerial implications.
Employment expectations: examining the effect of psychological contract fulfillment on bridge employees' personal and work attitudes
Authors: Mazumdar Bishakha , Warren Amy , Dupré Kathryne , Brown Travor
Published: June 2022

Purpose

In this study the authors examine whether bridge employees tend to hold non-standard jobs, and if so, whether non-standard job choice is deliberate. Moreover, the authors examine whether fulfillment of employment expectations affects the personal and work attitudes of bridge employees.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors' research and hypotheses are supported and developed through psychological contract theory. The authors collected data from 195 bridge employees, employed in a variety of jobs, through an online survey. Hypotheses were tested using hierarchical multiple regression.

Findings

This study suggests that some bridge employees may engage in non-standard employment deliberately. Moreover, we show that fulfillment of perceived obligation by employers (psychological contract) is associated with personal and work attitudes (life satisfaction, job satisfaction, affective commitment, normative commitment and intentions to stay) of bridge employees.

Research limitations/implications

While this study supports psychological contract theory as an important framework for understanding bridge employment, sample size, cross-sectional data and a lack of diversity in the sample limit causality, generalizability and data robustness. Future research should strive to replicate and extend the current findings.

Practical implications

The present study underlines the importance of designing jobs to meet the expectations of bridge employees. Also, it highlights the preference of bridge employees to engage in non-standard employment.

Originality/value

The authors extend bridge employment research by empirically examining the relationship between unmet employment expectations and the personal and work attitudes of bridge employees.
Overyielding is accounted for partly by plasticity and dissimilarity of crop root traits in maize/legume intercropping systems
Authors: Yang Hao , Xu Hua‐Sen , Zhang Wei‐Ping , Li Zhao‐Xin , Fan Hong‐Xia , Lambers Hans , Li Long
Published: June 2022

Positive biodiversity–productivity relationships have been found in biodiversity field experiments of grasslands, forests and natural terrestrial ecosystems, where diversity effects were separated by complementarity (CE) and selection effects (SE). However, we know little about how CE and SE are related to root traits and root dissimilarity.

A 4‐year field experiment was carried out with a split‐plot design, where main plot was four nitrogen (N) applications (N0, N1, N2 and N3) and five cropping systems (maize Zea mays L./soybean Glycine max L. Merrill., maize/peanut Arachis hypogaea L. intercropped and the corresponding monocultures) with three replicates. Roots were sampled in the N0 and N2 treatments in 2 years. Intercropping effects were analysed based on grain yield for 4 years and roots were sampled down to 60 cm depth, and analysed with morphological parameters at different crop growth stages in 2 years.

Intercropping significantly increased grain yield and above‐ground biomass in both intercropping systems under all N treatments. The partitioning of the net intercropping effects showed that yield advantage in intercropping was due to a positive CE under the N0 treatment, and to a positive SE with N application.

Maize showed greater root morphological plasticity than the legumes did, with greater changes in root length density (RLD), root weight density (RWD) and total root surface (TS) in intercropping than in monoculture. Intercropped maize occupied a larger soil space, while lateral RLD distribution of legumes was decreased by maize. The RLD, RWD and TS of intercropped maize were constant or increased in later growth stages. SE showed a significantly positive relationship with root dissimilarity. Principal component analysis showed mean root depth and specific root length of legumes drove the positive CE in the absence of N fertilization.

Root dissimilarity determined by maize explained the selection effects in overyielding. Complementarity effects under N0 were closely associated with specific root traits such as mean root depth and specific root length. Linking changes of root traits with intercropping effects above‐ground helps understand yield advantages in diverse agroecosystem. In general, a cereal species with strong phenotypic plasticity intercropped with a legume species with strong physiological plasticity can maximize the yield advantage of intercropping.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Continental‐scale niche differentiation of dominant topsoil archaea in drylands
Authors: Hu Weigang , Hou Qingqing , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel , Stegen James C. , Du Qiajun , Dong Longwei , Ji Mingfei , Sun Yuan , Yao Shuran , Gong Haiyang , Xiong Junlan , Xia Rui , Liu Jiayuan , Aqeel Muhammad , Akram Muhammad Adnan , Ran Jinzhi , Deng Jianming
Published: June 2022

Archaea represent a diverse group of microorganisms often associated with extreme environments. However, an integrated understanding of biogeographical patterns of the specialist Haloarchaea and the potential generalist ammonia‐oxidizing archaea (AOA) across large‐scale environmental gradients remains limited. We hypothesize that niche differentiation determines their distinct distributions along environmental gradients. To test the hypothesis, we use a continental‐scale research network including 173 dryland sites across northern China. Our results demonstrate that Haloarchaea and AOA dominate topsoil archaeal communities. As hypothesized, Haloarchaea and AOA show strong niche differentiation associated with two ecosystem types mainly found in China's drylands (i.e. deserts vs. grasslands), and they differ in the degree of habitat specialization. The relative abundance and richness of Haloarchaea are higher in deserts due to specialization to relatively high soil salinity and extreme climates, while those of AOA are greater in grassland soils. Our results further indicate a divergence in ecological processes underlying the segregated distributions of Haloarchaea and AOA. Haloarchaea are governed primarily by environmental‐based processes while the more generalist AOA are assembled mostly via spatial‐based processes. Our findings add to existing knowledge of large‐scale biogeography of topsoil archaea, advancing our predictive understanding on changes in topsoil archaeal communities in a drier world.
Private spanner in public works? The corrosive effects of private insurance on public life
Authors: Hadziabdic Sinisa , Kohl Sebastian
Published: June 2022

Contemporary societies are not only “risk societies”, but also insurance societies. While the shift of systemic risks from the community to the individual is a distinctive trait of modernity, research on the consequences of this process has focused almost exclusively on welfare state responses aimed at re‐collectivizing societal risks. Individual‐level reactions associated with the need for a private safety net against the uncertainty brought by risk societies have been largely overlooked. What happens to a society and its individuals when private insurance becomes commonplace? Focusing on Germany, we use the data of the German Socio‐Economic Panel (1984–2018) to investigate the attitudinal antecedents and consequences of contracting private insurance. As one of the most important sources of private welfare, life insurance attracts risk‐averse individuals who are highly concerned with public economic affairs and see the market‐based solutions of conservative parties as the best way to safeguard their economic security. While short‐term attitudinal effects are absent, a longitudinal approach reveals that becoming insured gradually increases economic security but also entails withdrawal from public life and aversion to parties that support social redistribution. The loss of dynamism of a society may thus be related not only to public welfare but also to a private institution at the heart of the financial markets, which moreover has privatizing, welfare‐eroding effects. The paper argues for a more general sociology of insurance.
The frequency of sodium hypochlorite extrusion during root canal treatment: an observational clinical study
Authors: Özdemir O , Hazar E , Koçak S , Sağlam BC , Koçak MM
Published: June 2022

Background

To determine the frequency of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) extrusion and evaluate the outcome of the injury.

Methods

A total of 1123 teeth indicated root canal treatment were included. An open‐ended needle was used during/after the instrumentation. Acute burning pain during irrigation was considered as NaOCl extrusion. Negative aspiration was applied for patients with extrusion, and appropriate treatment was planned due to the symptoms. The number of patients who experienced extrusion and symptoms were recorded. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), at P < 0.05, was used to compare the data groups.

Results

NaOCl extrusion rate was found at 0.89%, and the injury with swelling that differential diagnosis of NaOCl accident caused by extrusion rate was 0.18%. The most common findings besides acute pain, as a sign of extrusion (n = 10), were accompanying apical bleeding (n = 6) and swelling (n = 2). According to the number of visits, a significant correlation was found between the symptoms (P = 0.010). No serious injury such as a neurological sign, tissue necrosis or trismus occurred in any patient.

Conclusions

Demographic characteristics of the patients and preoperative condition of teeth were not related to NaOCl extrusion. The increasing number of visits may affect the probability of an accident. Negative aspiration immediately may be crucial in preventing severe injuries.
The socioeconomic gradient in mortality from ovarian, cervical, and endometrial cancer in Australian women, 2001–2018: A population‐based study
Authors: Gregory James , Foster Leon , O'Shaughnessy Pauline , Robson Stephen J.
Published: June 2022

Background

Socio‐economic (SE) status is closely linked to health status and the mechanisms of this association are complex. One important adverse effect of SE disadvantage is vulnerability to cancer and cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Australia.

Aims

We aimed to estimate the effect of SE status on mortality rates from ovarian, cervical, and endometrial cancer.

Materials and Methods

National mortality data were obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) for the calendar years from 2001 to 2018, inclusive. Individual deaths were grouped by the ABS Index of Relative Socio‐economic Advantage and Disadvantage. Population data were obtained to provided denominators allowing calculation of mortality rates (deaths per 100 000 women aged 30–79 years). Statistical analyses performed included tabulating point‐estimates of mortality rates and their changes over time and modelling the trends of rates using maximum likelihood method.

Results

Age‐standardised mortality rates for ovarian and cervical cancer fell over the study period but increased for endometrial cancer. There was clear evidence of a SE gradient in the mortality rate for all three cancers. This SE gradient increased over the study period for ovarian and cervical cancer but remained unchanged for endometrial cancer.

Conclusions

Women at greater SE disadvantage have higher rates of death from the commonest gynaecological cancers and this gradient has not reduced over the last two decades. After the COVID‐19 pandemic efforts must be redoubled to ensure that Australians already at risk of ill health do not face even greater risks because of their circumstances.
Mindful methodologies: Some limitations and concerns
Authors: Asker Chloe
Published: June 2022

This paper will offer reflections on the ways in which mindfulness has been presented as a potential research methodology in geography. I pick up from previous work that explored the utility of mindfulness to non‐representational research methodologies, particularly regarding the ways in which mindfulness might allow us to attend to affect and more‐than‐rational knowledges. However, in this paper, I trouble the use of mindfulness as a methodology in non‐representational work. I argue that geographers need to be careful about the use of mindfulness as a methodology and would prefer to think of the ways that mindfulness might inflect our research practice. This point is developed through three main concerns. The first is the ways that mindfulness is narrated as a perceived ‘fix’ to the rationality of Western academic thought. This reinforces dualisms between Anglo‐European academic knowledge as modern, disenchanted and rational, and traditional ‘non‐Western’ or indigenous vernacular or spiritual knowledge as non‐rational and enchanted. The second concern is in regard to the universalisation of a mindful sensibility in mainstream understandings of mindfulness. I attend to the ways that processes of universalisation signal the whiteness of the movement and the ways the practice has been transmitted across contexts, cultures and institutions—a possible reason for the burgeoning methodological interest in mindfulness. Finally, this paper attends to ethics of care when using mindfulness as a methodology. Here, I focus on the ways that the pedagogical tenets of mindfulness could potentially open up participants to experiences of trauma and vulnerability. As a way forward, I advocate for a trauma‐sensitive approach to mindful methodologies.
N‐of‐1 trials to facilitate evidence‐based deprescribing: Rationale and case study
Authors: Goyal Parag , Safford Monika M. , Hilmer Sarah N. , Steinman Michael A. , Matlock Daniel D. , Maurer Mathew S. , Lachs Mark S. , Kronish Ian M.
Published: June 2022

Deprescribing has emerged as an important aspect of patient‐centred medication management but is vastly underutilized in clinical practice. The current narrative review will describe an innovative patient‐centred approach to deprescribing—N‐of‐1 trials. N‐of‐1 trials involve multiple‐period crossover design experiments conducted within individual patients. They enable patients to compare the effects of two or more treatments or, in the case of deprescribing N‐of‐1 trials, continuation with a current treatment versus no treatment or placebo. N‐of‐1 trials are distinct from traditional between‐patient studies such as parallel‐group or crossover designs which provide an average effect across a group of patients and obscure differences between individuals. By generating data on the effect of an intervention for the individual rather than the population, N‐of‐1 trials can promote therapeutic precision. N‐of‐1 trials are a particularly appealing strategy to inform deprescribing because they can generate individual‐level evidence for deprescribing when evidence is uncertain, and can thus allay patient and physician concerns about discontinuing medications. To illustrate the use of deprescribing N‐of‐1 trials, we share a case example of an ongoing series of N‐of‐1 trials that compare maintenance versus deprescribing of beta‐blockers in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. By providing quantifiable data on patient‐reported outcomes, promoting personalized pharmacotherapy, and facilitating shared decision making, N‐of‐1 trials represent a potentially transformative strategy to address polypharmacy.
Youth and family engagement in childhood disability evidence syntheses: A scoping review
Authors: Wang Lucy , Micsinszki Samantha K. , Goulet‐Barteaux Michelle , Gilman Christina , Phoenix Michelle
Published: June 2022

Within the last decade, stakeholder engagement in research has become increasingly popular in childhood disability research; however, literature on the engagement of youth with neurodisabilities and their families in evidence syntheses is underdeveloped. Involving patients as partners in research has the potential to improve applicability and relevance of the research and benefit patient partners (e.g. enhanced self‐esteem, increased research knowledge and skills); however, the methods, challenges, outcomes and recommendations of engaging youth with neurodisabilities and their families in evidence syntheses are unknown. Two parents of youth with complex disability needs were engaged as partners throughout this review. Following methods outlined by Arksey and O'Malley (2005), the primary research question in this scoping review is twofold: (i) what activities have youth with neurodisabilities and their families been engaged in as part of evidence syntheses and (ii) what were the outcomes of that engagement? After full text review of 369 articles, nine articles were included. Youth and families were engaged prior to the evidence synthesis and at every stage in the project, most often during data analysis where they contextualized the findings. Youth and family engagement were not formally evaluated; however, positive outcomes were reported by parents and researchers. Challenges such as increased time, sustaining engagement, and parents' dissatisfaction with their level of involvement were reported. Recommendations centred around providing partners with information, building relationships via social media, and openly communicating about roles, feedback and logistics. Childhood disability researchers should be aware of how they can increase engagement opportunities at all stages of evidence syntheses and how they might improve accessibility for youth with neurodisabilities and their families. Further research is needed to solidify a unified framework for conduct and reporting of youth and family engagement in evidence syntheses.
Tinea of vellus hair: shining under the Wood's lamp
Authors: Hu Wenting , Bian Ke , Xu Ai-e
Published: June 2022

We herein reported a simple and cheap method to diagnose the tinea of vellus hair, which is long-neglected and always wrongly treated.
Quality matters: International standards for biobanking
Authors: Dagher Georges
Published: June 2022

Human biospecimens provide the basis for research, leading to a better understanding of human disease biology and discovery of new treatments that are tailored to individual patients with cancer or other common complex diseases. The collection, processing, preservation, storage and providing access to these resources are key activities of biobanks. Biobanks must ensure proper quality of samples and data, ethical and legal compliance as well as transparent and efficient access procedures. The standards for biobanking outlined herein are intended to be implemented in biobanks and to supply researchers with high‐quality samples fitted for an intended use.
Colonic tumor in a diverticulum removed by endoscopic submucosal dissection: Two‐step strategy using multi‐loop traction devices
Authors: Okubo Yuki , Kanesaka Takashi , Takeuchi Yoji
Published: June 2022

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Extreme environments filter functionally rich communities of Atlantic Forest treefrogs along altitudinal and latitudinal gradients
Authors: Paz Andrea , Hernandez Leyla , Melo Lilian S. O. , Lyra Mariana , Haddad Célio F. B. , Carnaval Ana C.
Published: June 2022

Understanding how environmental filtering and biotic interactions structure communities across elevational and latitudinal gradients is still a matter of debate. To provide insight into their relative importance, we explore the mismatch between three dimensions of biodiversity (taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic), and compare their patterns to null models of random community assembly. We focus on a highly diverse tropical group: the tree frogs (hylids) of the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. For that, we combined geographic distribution data with phylogenetic and trait information for 158 species to produce maps of the three dimensions of diversity. We show that communities of tree frogs of the Hylidae family tend to have high functional richness along the Atlantic Forest, potentially driven by niche partitioning. However, environmental filtering gains importance in extreme environments, both at high elevations and higher latitudes. In these areas of the forest, clustering of both functional and phylogenetic diversity is observed. Trait overdispersion is found in areas of contact between vegetation types, or of adjacent biomes, reflecting the encounter of amphibian species adapted to distinct environmental conditions and landscape configurations. Considering all three dimensions of diversity along with multiple axes of environmental variation allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the processes shaping amphibian community assembly in this biodiversity hotspot.
Resource use of crucian carp along a lake productivity gradient is related to body size, predation risk, and resource competition
Authors: de Meo Ilaria , Østbye Kjartan , Kahilainen Kimmo K. , Hayden Brian , Magnus Marius , Poléo Antonio B. S.
Published: June 2022

Generalist fish species can feed on a wide resource spectrum and across trophic levels depending on resource availability and trophic interactions. Crucian carp (Carassius carassius) represents a good candidate species to investigate variation in the trophic ecology of generalist fish as it can be found in highly variable fish communities and its resource use is well documented. In this study, we explored the trophic ecology of crucian carp at the individual and population levels using stable isotope and gut content analysis. We tested if trophic resource use varied according to lake productivity, predation risk, intra‐ and interspecific competition, or individual fish size. We found that crucian carp resource preference was highly variable among and within lakes. In predator‐free lakes, small crucian carp occurred in high densities, showed increased interindividual specialisation, and relied mainly on pelagic zooplankton. In presence of predators, large crucian carp occurred in low densities and included greater proportions of benthic macroinvertebrates in their diet. This shift in resource use was further favoured in productive, shallow lakes where littoral prey were probably abundant. Resource partitioning was an important factor determining crucian carp niche use, as fish had higher trophic position in absence of other cyprinids. Crucian carp showed highly dynamic resource use and food preferences in response to variable environmental conditions. Overlooking complex diet preferences of generalist fish may lead to an oversimplification of freshwater community dynamics.
The amnestic syndrome of posterior cerebral artery infarction
Authors: Benke Thomas , Bodner Thomas , Wiesen Daniel , Karnath Hans‐Otto
Published: June 2022

Background and purpose

Little is known about the character and underlying lesions of ischaemic amnesia. Episodic memory functions and brain lesions were therefore studied in 84 patients with acute ischaemic infarcts in the supply territory of the posterior cerebral artery. The aim was also to learn how the neural memory systems are organized.

Methods

Standard neuropsychological tests were used to assess verbal and figural memory. Patients were split into memory‐impaired and memory‐intact groups. Lesions were demarcated, normalized and anatomically labelled, using standard mapping procedures.

Results

Of the 84 patients more than 80% had an amnestic syndrome, mostly with combined memory impairment, less often with figural or verbal memory impairment. Amnesia in subjects with left hemispheric lesions was more frequent and more severe, with significantly lower scores on the verbal memory test. Normal performance or figural amnesia were prevalent after right hemispheric lesions. However, no amnesia subtype was strictly tied to left‐ or right‐sided brain damage. Hippocampal and thalamic lesions were common, but 30% of lesions were extrahippocampal located in the ventral occipito‐temporal cortex and long occipital white matter tracts. Most amnestic patients lacked awareness for their memory impairment.

Conclusions

Memory impairment is a key clinical manifestation of acute posterior cerebral artery stroke. Amnesia is more frequent and more severe after left stroke, suggesting a left hemisphere dominance of the two memory systems. Domain specific memory appears not to be strictly lateralized, since deficits in verbal and figural memory were found after lesions of both sides. Extrahippocampal lesions may also cause memory impairment.
Evaluation of local stress‐based fatigue strength assessment methods for cover plates and T‐joints subjected to axial and bending loading
Authors: Zhu Jinchao , Barsoum Imad , Barsoum Zuheir , Khurshid Mansoor
Published: June 2022

This study aims to find suitable fatigue assessment methods for welded structures (cover plates and T‐joints) subjected to axial and bending loading. The Hot Spot Stress (HSS), 1‐mm stress (OM), Theory of Critical Distances (TCD), Stress Averaging (SA), and Effective Notch Stress (ENS) methods are evaluated in terms of accuracy and reliability. The evaluation is based on fatigue test data extracted from the literature and carried out in this study. It is found that the SA method can be used to assess the fatigue strength of cover plate joints under axial loading with relatively good accuracy and low scatter, followed by the ENS method. The HSS, TCD, SA, and ENS methods are conservative estimation methods for T‐joints under bending, while the accuracy is low. Furthermore, fatigue design curves applicable for T‐joints under bending are discussed, which can be used in the TCD method and SA method.
The buffering capacity of single amino acids in brewing wort
Authors: Ribeiro‐Filho Normando , Ayed Charfedinne , Akepach Patchaniya
Published: June 2022

Buffering capacity (BC) is one of the important quality parameters of wort. In this study, the effect of single amino acids on brewing wort pH and its influence in wort BC were investigated. A beer sweet wort (BSW) was used as a control. A synthetic sweet wort (SSW) and synthetic sweet wort without amino acids (SSWNA) were prepared for a general comparison due to its absence of peptides. BC was conducted by the addition of hydrochloric acid. Results showed that a BSW and a SSW differed in their BC because SSW did not contain small peptides/peptides/polypeptides; SSWNA lost its BC severely due to its absence of nitrogenous compounds. Among all amino acids, arginine, and glutamic acid presented a higher influence in initial pH. However, aspartic acid wort demonstrated the best BC; therefore, this amino acid can be used to control the BC of brewers wort.