bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Battling against the great disruption to surgical care in a pandemic: experiences of 11 South and Southeast Asian countries
Authors: Huang Wenya Naomi , Xin Xiaohui , Rao Vijaya , Wong Ting Hway , Chow Pierce , Tan Hiang Khoon
Published: April 2023

Objectives

The majority of the cancelled elective surgeries caused by the COVID-19 pandemic globally were estimated to occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where surgical services had long been in short supply even before the pandemic. Therefore, minimising disruption to existing surgical care in LMICs is of crucial importance during a pandemic. This study aimed to explore contributory factors to the continuity of surgical care in LMICs in the face of a pandemic.

Design

Semistructured interviews were conducted over zoom with surgical leaders of 25 tertiary hospitals from 11 LMICs in South and Southeast Asia in September to October 2020. Key themes were subsequently identified from the interview transcripts using the Braun and Clarke’s method of thematic analysis.

Results

The COVID-19 pandemic affected all surgical services of participating institutions to varying degrees. Overall, elective surgeries suffered the gravest disruption, followed by outpatient surgical care, and finally emergency surgeries. Keeping healthcare workers safe and striving for continuity of essential surgical care emerged as notable response strategies observed across all participating institutions.

Conclusion

This study suggested that four factors are important for the resilience of surgical care against COVID-19: adequate COVID-19 testing capacity and effective institutional infection control measures, designated COVID-19 treatment facilities, whole-system approach to balancing pandemic response and meeting essential surgical needs, and active community engagement. These findings can inform healthcare institutions in other countries, especially LMICs, in their effort to tread a fine line between preserving healthcare capacity for pandemic response and protecting surgical services against pandemic disruption.
One-year major adverse cardiovascular events among same-day discharged patients after primary percutaneous coronary intervention at a tertiary care cardiac centre in Karachi, Pakistan: a prospective observational study
Authors: Shah Jehangir Ali , Kumar Rajesh , Solangi Bashir Ahmed , Khan Kamran Ahmed , Ahmed Tarique , Khowaja Sanam , Ali Gulzar , Zehra Mehwish , Sial Jawaid Akbar , Karim Musa , Saghir Tahir , Qamar Nadeem
Published: April 2023

Objective

Knowledge regarding the short-term outcomes after same-day discharge (SDD) post primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is lacking. In this study, we evaluated 1-year major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) among SDD patients after primary PCI.

Design

1-year follow-up analysis of a subset of patients from an existing prospective cohort study.

Setting

Tertiary care cardiac hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.

Participants

Consecutive patients, from August 2019 to July 2020, with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction who had undergone primary PCI with SDD (within 24 hours) after the procedure by the treating physician and with at least one successful follow-up up to 1 year.

Outcome measure

Cumulative MACE during follow-up at the intervals of 1 week, 1 month, 6 months and 1 year.

Results

489 patients were included, with a gender distribution of 83.2% (407) male patients and a mean age of 54.58±10.85 years. Overall MACE rate during the mean follow-up duration of 326.98±76.71 days was 10.8% (53), out of which 26.4% (14/53) events occurred within 6 months of discharge and the remaining 73.6% (39/53) occurred between 6 months and 1 year. MACE was significantly higher among patients with a Zwolle Risk Score (ZRS) ≥4 at baseline, with an incidence rate of 21.9% (16/73) vs 8.9% (37/416; p=0.001) in patients with ZRS≤3 (relative risk 2.88 (95% CI 1.5 to 5.5)).

Conclusion

A significant burden of short-term MACE was identified among SDD patients after primary PCI; most of these events occurred after 6 months of SDD, mainly among patients with ZRS≥4. A systematic risk assessment based on risk stratification modalities such ZRS could be a viable option for SDD patients with primary PCI.
National trends in the outcomes of subarachnoid haemorrhage and the prognostic influence of stroke centre capability in Japan: retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kurogi Ryota , Kada Akiko , Ogasawara Kuniaki , Nishimura Kunihiro , Kitazono Takanari , Iwama Toru , Matsumaru Yuji , Sakai Nobuyuki , Shiokawa Yoshiaki , Miyachi Shigeru , Kuroda Satoshi , Shimizu Hiroaki , Yoshimura Shinichi , Osato Toshiaki , Horie Nobutaka , Nagata Izumi , Nozaki Kazuhiko , Date Isao , Hashimoto Yoichiro , Hoshino Haruhiko , Nakase Hiroyuki , Kataoka Hiroharu , Ohta Tsuyoshi , Fukuda Hitoshi , Tamiya Nanako , Kurogi AI , Ren Nice , Nishimura Ataru , Arimura Koichi , Shimogawa Takafumi , Yoshimoto Koji , Onozuka Daisuke , Ogata Soshiro , Hagihara Akihito , Saito Nobuhito , Arai Hajime , Miyamoto Susumu , Tominaga Teiji , Iihara Koji
Published: April 2023

Objectives

To examine the national, 6-year trends in in-hospital clinical outcomes of patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) who underwent clipping or coiling and the prognostic influence of temporal trends in the Comprehensive Stroke Center (CSC) capabilities on patient outcomes in Japan.

Design

Retrospective study.

Setting

Six hundred and thirty-one primary care institutions in Japan.

Participants

Forty-five thousand and eleven patients with SAH who were urgently hospitalised, identified using the J-ASPECT Diagnosis Procedure Combination database.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Annual number of patients with SAH who remained untreated, or who received clipping or coiling, in-hospital mortality and poor functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale: 3–6) at discharge. Each CSC was assessed using a validated scoring system (CSC score: 1–25 points).

Results

In the overall cohort, in-hospital mortality decreased (year for trend, OR (95% CI): 0.97 (0.96 to 0.99)), while the proportion of poor functional outcomes remained unchanged (1.00 (0.98 to 1.02)). The proportion of patients who underwent clipping gradually decreased from 46.6% to 38.5%, while that of those who received coiling and those left untreated gradually increased from 16.9% to 22.6% and 35.4% to 38%, respectively. In-hospital mortality of coiled (0.94 (0.89 to 0.98)) and untreated (0.93 (0.90 to 0.96)) patients decreased, whereas that of clipped patients remained stable. CSC score improvement was associated with increased use of coiling (per 1-point increase, 1.14 (1.08 to 1.20)) but not with short-term patient outcomes regardless of treatment modality.

Conclusions

The 6-year trends indicated lower in-hospital mortality for patients with SAH (attributable to better outcomes), increased use of coiling and multidisciplinary care for untreated patients. Further increasing CSC capabilities may improve overall outcomes, mainly by increasing the use of coiling. Additional studies are necessary to determine the effect of confounders such as aneurysm complexity on outcomes of clipped patients in the modern endovascular era.
Searches for heavy neutrinos at multi-TeV muon collider: a resonant leptogenesis perspective
Authors: Chakraborty Indrani , Roy Himadri , Srivastava Tripurari
Published: April 2023

In this work, the Standard Model (SM) is extended with two right-handed (RH) neutrinos and two singlet neutral fermions to yield active neutrino masses via (2,2) inverse see-saw mechanism. We first validate the multi-dimensional model parameter space with neutrino oscillation data, obeying the experimental bounds coming from the lepton flavor violating (LFV) decays: $$\mu \rightarrow e \gamma ,~ \tau \rightarrow e \gamma , ~ \tau \rightarrow \mu \gamma $$

μ
→
e
γ
,

τ
→
e
γ
,

τ
→
μ
γ

. Besides we also search for the portion of the parameter space which yield the observed baryon asymmetry of the universe via resonant leptogenesis. Further, we pick up a few benchmark points from the aforementioned parameter space with TeV scale heavy neutrinos and perform an exhaustive collider analysis of the final states: $$2l + E_T \!\!\!\!\!\!/\;\,$$

2
l
+

E
T

/

and $$1\,l + 2j + \not \! E_T $$

1

l
+
2
j
+

⧸

E
T

in multi-TeV muon collider.
Einstein-Rosen bridge from the minimal length
Authors: Jusufi Kimet , Moulay Emmanuel , Mureika Jonas , Ali Ahmed Farag
Published: April 2023

We use a string T-duality corrected pair of regular black holes to construct an Einstein-Rosen (ER) bridge with the wormhole throat proportional to the zero-point (Planck) length. This may be a geometric realization of quantum entanglement for particle/antiparticle pairs. We point out that for an extreme mass configuration consisting of a black hole pair, one can have an ER bridge with a horizon area that coincides with the Bekenstein minimal area bound along with a wormhole mass proportional to the Planck mass. This could be related to gravitational self-completeness with quantum mechanical mass limits. We also discuss the ER bridge for sub-Planckian mass horizonless wormholes and show this admits a region of negative energy at the throat, which we posit to be related to a particle of negative mass generated by quantum fluctuations or the Casimir effect. We argue that Hawking radiation could be the best way for the geometric realization of quantum entanglement for particle/antiparticle pairs emitted by black holes. This sheds new light on the ER=EPR conjecture.
Dimensional reduction of the Dirac equation in arbitrary spatial dimensions
Authors: Lonigro Davide , Maggi Rocco , Angelone Giuliano , Ercolessi Elisa , Facchi Paolo , Marmo Giuseppe , Pascazio Saverio , Pepe Francesco V.
Published: April 2023

We investigate the general properties of the dimensional reduction of the Dirac theory, formulated in a Minkowski spacetime with an arbitrary number of spatial dimensions. This is done by applying Hadamard’s method of descent, which consists in conceiving low-dimensional theories as a specialization of high-dimensional ones that are uniform along the additional space coordinate. We show that the Dirac equation reduces to either a single Dirac equation or two decoupled Dirac equations, depending on whether the higher-dimensional manifold has even or odd spatial dimensions, respectively. Furthermore, we construct and discuss an explicit hierarchy of representations in which this procedure becomes manifest and can easily be iterated.
A high efficiency Lie derivative algorithm for the nonautonomous nonlinear systems
Authors: Jiang W. A. , Gu Z. H. , Liu C. , Feng H. R. , Chen L. Q.
Published: April 2023

Numerical procedure plays a key role in tackling the solutions of nonlinear dynamical systems. With the advent of the age of big data and high-power computing, developing efficient and fast numerical algorithms is an urgent task. This paper extends the Lie derivative discretization algorithm to the nonautonomous nonlinear systems and investigates the numerical solutions of the systems. The periodic solutions of three different classical nonlinear systems are calculated, and the results are compared to those values calculated from the Runge–Kutta fourth-order algorithm, which demonstrated that the Lie derivative algorithm has the advantages of large time step and short computation time.
Electron–lattice pair properties in chains with cubic interaction
Authors: Junior M. S. S. , Sales M. O. , de Moura F. A. B. F.
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we investigate the one-electron propagation in a nonlinear chain with electron–lattice interaction. The model contains standard cubic nonlinear terms, and we introduce the coupling between the electron and the lattice through the hopping distribution. We solve the coupled equation set to electron and lattice and calculate the electronic position as a function of time. We provide a detailed investigation of the electron and lattice dynamics for a wide range of electron–lattice coupling intensities. Our results demonstrate that depending on the initial condition we consider and the intensity of the electron–lattice interaction, we can obtain (or not) an electron–phonon pair formation. Our results reveal that, depending on the initial velocity of the lattice and the degree of electron–lattice term, we can observe a repulsion between electron and lattice deformations.
EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL EXAMINATION OF THE WEAR BEHAVIORS OF AA 7075 ALLOY COATED WITH Al–SiC BY USING HOT PRESS SINTERING METHOD
Authors: BALLIKAYA H.
Published: April 2023

This study was carried out to improve the surface of the AA7075 alloy, which does not resist wear. Therefore Al–SiC composite layer on the surface of AA 7075 material was coated with Al+5vol.%SiC powders under 600°C and 100, 120, 140 MPa pressure by the hot pressing sintering method. The microstructure of the transition zone between the coating and the substrate material was analyzed by using optical microscopy (OM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. In addition, XRD measurement and microhardness of the coating layer were obtained. Coating surface was also subject to linear reciprocating wear test and coefficient of friction (COF), wear volume, and mass loss were detected. The results have shown that micro-pores between Al and SiC powders reduced by increasing the pressing pressure. However, although there was a reduction in wear volume and mass loss, microhardness values dramatically increased. Wear test was modeled in ANSYS 2021 R2 package program depending on Archard’s law and numerical analysis was conducted. As a result of the experimental results and numerical analysis, the volume loss values occurring in the coating area were found to be compatible with each other.
Dynamic Analysis of Moving Train Wake Vortex Under Different Infrastructure Scenarios Based on Modal Decomposition
Authors: Chen Minggao , Mao Jun , Xi Yanhong
Published: April 2023

Vortex shedding at the tail of a high-speed train changes the aerodynamic characteristics of the train, which affects the safety and stability of train operation. This paper takes CR400AF as the research object, and uses dynamic monitoring points to realize the whole process monitoring of the flow field at the tail of the train running in open air and in tunnel for the first time. The wake of the train in different infrastructure scenarios is analyzed by the proper orthogonal decomposition method. The study found that the wake vortex structure is quite different when the train runs in different scenarios, and the turbulent kinetic energy intensity of the wake in tunnel is higher than that of the open air running. Modal decomposition method can identify flow structures that have a large impact on train aerodynamics. Through frequency analysis, it is found that the modal frequency obtained from the decomposition is higher when running in open air than when running in tunnel. With the increase of train speed, the modal strouhal number increases when the train is running in open air, and decreases when the train runs in tunnel. After the train enters the tunnel, the reverse movement of the air around the train body suppresses the development and separation of the boundary layer, which is the main reason for the low frequency of wake vortex shedding in tunnel. The stability of the train running in tunnel is worse than that when running in open air, which is closely related to the more complex flow structure around the car body and the drastic change of aerodynamic force when running in the tunnel.
Music Feature Recognition and Classification Using a Deep Learning Algorithm
Authors: Xu Lihong , Zhang Shenghuan
Published: April 2023

This paper studied music feature recognition and classification. First, the common signal features were analyzed, and the signal pre-processing method was introduced. Then, the Mel–Phon coefficient (MPC) was proposed as a feature for subsequent recognition and classification. The deep belief network (DBN) model was applied and improved by the gray wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm to get the GWO–DBN model. The experiments were conducted on GTZAN and free music archive (FMA) datasets. It was found that the best hidden-layer structure of DBN was 1440-960-480-300. Compared with machine learning methods such as decision trees, the DBN model had better classification performance in recognizing and classifying music types. The classification accuracy of the GWO–DBN model reached 75.67%. The experimental results demonstrate the reliability of the GWO–DBN model. The GWO–DBN model can be further promoted and applied in actual music research.
Physical Unclonable Functions (PUF) for IoT Devices
Authors: Al-Meer Abdulaziz , Al-Kuwari Saif
Published: April 2023

Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) has recently attracted interest from both industry and academia as a potential alternative approach to secure Internet of Things (IoT) devices from the more traditional computational-based approach using conventional cryptography. PUF is a promising solution for lightweight security, where the manufacturing fluctuation process of IC is used to improve the security of IoT as it provides low complexity design and preserves secrecy. PUF provides a low-cost low-power solution and can be implemented in both Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) and Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs). In this survey, we provide a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art of PUF, its architectures, protocols and security for IoT.
TestSGD
: Interpretable Testing of Neural Networks against Subtle Group Discrimination
Authors: Zhang Mengdi , Sun Jun , Wang Jingyi , Sun Bing
Published: April 2023

Discrimination has been shown in many machine learning applications, which calls for sufficient fairness testing before their deployment in ethic-relevant domains. One widely concerning type of discrimination, testing against
group discrimination, mostly hidden
, is much less studied, compared with identifying
individual discrimination
. In this work, we propose
TestSGD
, an interpretable testing approach that systematically identifies and measures hidden (which we call
“subtle”) group discrimination
of a neural network characterized by
conditions over combinations of the sensitive attributes
. Specifically, given a neural network,
TestSGD
first automatically generates an interpretable rule set that categorizes the input space into two groups. Alongside,
TestSGD
also provides an estimated group discrimination score based on sampling the input space to measure the degree of the identified subtle group discrimination, which is guaranteed to be accurate up to an error bound. We evaluate
TestSGD
on multiple neural network models trained on popular datasets including both structured data and text data. The experiment results show that
TestSGD
is effective and efficient in identifying and measuring such subtle group discrimination that has never been revealed before. Furthermore, we show that the testing results of
TestSGD
can be used to mitigate such discrimination through retraining with negligible accuracy drop.
Synthesis and Properties of Magnetic-Luminescent Fe3O4@ZnO/C Nanocomposites
Authors: Astuti  , Arief Syukri , Muldarisnur  , Zulhadjri  , Usna R. A.
Published: April 2023

A Fe3O4@ZnO/C nanocomposite with a core-shell structure was synthesized using the co-precipitation method. To prevent the aggregation of the Fe3O4 magnetic particles, polyethylene glycol (PEG) was added. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD) results confirmed the formation of Fe3O4 and ZnO phases, with Fe3O4 having a cubic crystal system and ZnO having a hexagonal crystal system. Carbon in Fe3O4@ZnO/C had no effect on the crystal structure of Fe3O4@ZnO. Images from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the nanocomposite formed a core-shell structure. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra verified the presence of bonds among ZnO, Fe3O4, and carbon. The appearance of the stretching vibration of the C≡C bond on the Fe3O4@ZnO/C sample revealed the nanocomposites’ carbon coupling. Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy was used to characterize the optical properties of the nanocomposites. Based on the results of the PL, the sample absorption of visible light was in the wavelength range of 400–700 nm. The photoluminescence of Fe3O4@ZnO differed from that of the Fe3O4@ZnO/C, especially in the deep-level emission (DLE) band. There was a phenomenon of broadening and shift of the band at a shorter wavelength, namely, in the blue wavelength region. Magnetic properties were characterized by vibrating-sample magnetometry (VSM). Based on the VSM results, the sample coupled with carbon exhibited a decrease in magnetic saturation. The presence of carbon changed photon energy into thermal energy. So, this material, apart from being a bioimaging material, can also be developed as a photothermal therapy material.
Diabetes Complications and Cognitive Function in Young Adults with Youth-Onset Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study
Authors: Shapiro Allison L. B. , Bellatorre Anna , Dabelea Dana , Stafford Jeanette M. , D’Agostino Ralph , Shah Amy S. , Urbina Elaine M. , Barrett Catherine E. , Pihoker Catherine , Marcovina Santica , Liese Angela D. , Mottl Amy K. , Jensen Elizabeth T. , Wilkening Greta
Published: April 2023

Aims/Hypotheses. People with type 1 (T1D) or type 2 diabetes (T2D) who also have diabetes complications can have pronounced cognitive deficits. It remains unknown, however, whether and how multiple diabetes complications co-occur with cognitive dysfunction, particularly in youth-onset diabetes. Methods. Using data from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study cohort, a prospective longitudinal cohort, we examined clustering of complications and their underlying clinical factors with performance on cognitive tests in young adults with youth-onset T1D or T2D. Cognition was assessed via the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery. The main cognitive variables were age-corrected scores for composite fluid cognition and associated cognitive subdomains. Diabetes complications included retinopathy, microalbuminuria, and peripheral neuropathy (PN). Lipids, systolic blood pressure (SBP), hemoglobin A1c, and other clinical factors were included in the analyses. Clustering was applied separately to each group (T1D = 646; T2D = 165). A three-cluster (C) solution was identified for each diabetes type. Mean values and frequencies of all factors were compared between resulting clusters. Results. The average age-corrected score for composite fluid cognition differed significantly across clusters for each group (

p
<
0.001

). People with T1D and the lowest average fluid cognition scores had the highest frequency of self-reporting at least one episode of hypoglycemia in the year preceding cognitive testing and the highest prevalence of PN. Persons with T2D and the lowest average fluid cognition scores had the highest SBP, the highest central systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and highest prevalence of PN. Conclusions/Interpretations. These findings highlight shared (PN) and unique factors (hypoglycemia in T1D; SBP in T2D) that could be targeted to potentially mitigate cognitive issues in young people with youth-onset diabetes.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity Assay of Nanometal Oxide-Doped Liquid Crystal
Authors: Deepthi S. , Srikiran S. , Satyanarayana Gupta M. , Mulatu Kumara Adamu
Published: April 2023

The spread of infectious diseases across the globe as a result of numerous bacterial and fungal variations has become a serious threat to human life. A critical global situation is the need to search for antibiotic resistance and develop new treatments. The most crucial role is for academics to advise the pharmaceutical industry about substances with antimicrobial assessments. One of the challenges in implementing novel medicine delivery is the discovery of compounds having antibacterial and antifungal characteristics against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. The superiority of the metal oxide-doped liquid crystal technology for antibiotic resistance is revealed. In this work, a bacterially triggered drug delivery system using a nanometal oxide-doped lipid-based liquid crystal system was explored. Copper oxide (CU) and cholesteryl stearate (CS) are processed using ultrasonication to produce the complex chemical in powder form (CSCU). Functional groups are predicted by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses, while surface appearance and dimensions that support the compound CSCU’s biological characteristics are revealed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analyses. Using the agar-well diffusion method, this substance was tested for antibacterial and antifungal activities against the Gram-positive bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes at various concentrations ranging from 0.6 to 1.25 µg/ml. Additionally, this substance exhibits a range of moderate to good antifungal efficacy against Aspergillus niger.
A Review of Deep Reinforcement Learning Methods and Military Application Research
Authors: Wang Ning , Li Zhe , Liang Xiaolong , Hou Yueqi , Yang Aiwu
Published: April 2023

In the area of artificial intelligence, deep reinforcement learning has grown in significance. It has accomplished extraordinary feats and offers a fresh approach to previously challenging challenges, such as controlling a robotic arm and discovering game strategies. The two primary categories of deep reinforcement learning methods—deep reinforcement learning based on value function and deep reinforcement learning based on policy gradient—are initially explained in this study. The limitations of current approaches and the difficulties faced by deep reinforcement learning methods in related domains are further sorted out, and then the future application directions of deep reinforcement learning methods in the military sphere are examined. Finally, a growing trend for deep reinforcement learning techniques is anticipated in military applications.
Internet Addiction and Its Associated Factors among Undergraduate Students in Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Acharya Sonu , Adhikari Laxmi , Khadka Santosh , Paudel Shishir , Kaphle Maheshor
Published: April 2023

Background. Internet has penetrated all processes of life and has become an unavoidable part of people’s daily life. This widespread use of the Internet has resulted in significant concerns with regard to problematic Internet behaviours and related conditions. The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of Internet addiction and its associated factors among undergraduate students in Kathmandu. Materials and Methods. We included all together 344 undergraduate students from different colleges affiliated to Pokhara University for this cross-sectional study. We used self-administered questionnaire consisting of the Internet Addiction Test scale to assess the Internet addiction. We coded the data, entered it in Epi-Data 3.1 and transferred to IBM SPSS 25 for analysis. We applied bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with Internet addiction, and

p

value <0.05 was considered as statistically significantt. Results. The prevalence of Internet addiction was found to be 29.90% (95% CI: 25.0–34.9). In the chi-squared test relationship with parents, parental control over the Internet use, perceived feeling of loneliness, and time spent on internet per day were found to be statistically associated (

p
<
0.05

) with Internet addiction. Conclusion. This study revealed nearly one-third of the Internet addiction among undergraduate students. Relationship with parents, parental control over the internet use, perceived loneliness feelings, and time spent on internet per day were significantly associated with Internet addiction along other factors. Therefore, it is important to raise awareness among young generation, parents, and teachers towards risk of Internet addiction.
Examining the Relationship between Antisocial Behavior and the Academic Performance of Teenagers: The Role of Schools and Causes of the Antisocial Behavior
Authors: Vadivel Balachandran , Alam Sohaib , Anwar Choiril , Teferi Habesha
Published: April 2023

This research paper aimed to examine the academic performance of teenagers, the role of schools, and causes of the antisocial behavior. Our relationship between antisocial behavior and the sample consisted of 127 participants from different schools in the USA aged 13–15. A cross-sectional research design was used. We used primary data to conduct our research. The results suggested that there is a negative relation between antisocial behavior and the academic performance of teenagers. However, there was a significant difference between male and female students’ academic performance. Male children were involved more in antisocial behavior compared to female students. Therefore, we would like to recommend further research works that need to be done on this topic; teachers should closely monitor the behavior of their teenage students as these are the most vulnerable years in a kid’s life. Parents, teachers, and counselors must work together to implement modification strategies to help minimize teenagers’ behavioral problems. This will ultimately result in improving their behavior and also academic performance.
Supplementary Data from HER3 Is an Actionable Target in Advanced Prostate Cancer
Authors: Gil Veronica , Miranda Susana , Riisnaes Ruth , Gurel Bora , D’Ambrosio Mariantonietta , Vasciaveo Alessandro , Crespo Mateus , Ferreira Ana , Brina Daniela , Troiani Martina , Sharp Adam , Sheehan Beshara , Christova Rossitza , Seed George , Figueiredo Ines , Lambros Maryou , Dolling David , Rekowski Jan , Alajati Abdullah , Clarke Matthew , Pereira Rita , Flohr Penny , Fowler Gemma , Boysen Gunther , Sumanasuriya Semini , Bianchini Diletta , Rescigno Pasquale , Aversa Caterina , Tunariu Nina , Guo Christina , Paschalis Alec , Bertan Claudia , Buroni Lorenzo , Ning Jian , Carreira Suzanne , Workman Paul , Swain Amanda , Califano Andrea , Shen Michael M. , Alimonti Andrea , Neeb Antje , Welti Jonathan , Yuan Wei , de Bono Johann
Published: April 2023

Supplementary methods and Supplementary figure legends - Tracked Changes
Supplementary Table S1 from Repurposing Ceritinib Induces DNA Damage and Enhances PARP Inhibitor Responses in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Kanakkanthara Arun , Hou Xiaonan , Ekstrom Thomas L. , Zanfagnin Valentina , Huehls Amelia M. , Kelly Rebecca L. , Ding Husheng , Larson Melissa C. , Vasmatzis George , Oberg Ann L. , Kaufmann Scott H. , Mansfield Aaron S. , Weroha S. John , Karnitz Larry M.
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Table 1 showing qRT-PCR primer sequences
Supplementary Materials and Methods from Repurposing Ceritinib Induces DNA Damage and Enhances PARP Inhibitor Responses in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Kanakkanthara Arun , Hou Xiaonan , Ekstrom Thomas L. , Zanfagnin Valentina , Huehls Amelia M. , Kelly Rebecca L. , Ding Husheng , Larson Melissa C. , Vasmatzis George , Oberg Ann L. , Kaufmann Scott H. , Mansfield Aaron S. , Weroha S. John , Karnitz Larry M.
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Materials and Methods
Figure S2 from HER3 Is an Actionable Target in Advanced Prostate Cancer
Authors: Gil Veronica , Miranda Susana , Riisnaes Ruth , Gurel Bora , D’Ambrosio Mariantonietta , Vasciaveo Alessandro , Crespo Mateus , Ferreira Ana , Brina Daniela , Troiani Martina , Sharp Adam , Sheehan Beshara , Christova Rossitza , Seed George , Figueiredo Ines , Lambros Maryou , Dolling David , Rekowski Jan , Alajati Abdullah , Clarke Matthew , Pereira Rita , Flohr Penny , Fowler Gemma , Boysen Gunther , Sumanasuriya Semini , Bianchini Diletta , Rescigno Pasquale , Aversa Caterina , Tunariu Nina , Guo Christina , Paschalis Alec , Bertan Claudia , Buroni Lorenzo , Ning Jian , Carreira Suzanne , Workman Paul , Swain Amanda , Califano Andrea , Shen Michael M. , Alimonti Andrea , Neeb Antje , Welti Jonathan , Yuan Wei , de Bono Johann
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Figure S2
Supplementary Data from A Microfluidic Cancer-on-Chip Platform Predicts Drug Response Using Organotypic Tumor Slice Culture
Authors: Chakrabarty Sanjiban , Quiros-Solano William F. , Kuijten Maayke M.P. , Haspels Ben , Mallya Sandeep , Lo Calvin Shun Yu , Othman Amr , Silvestri Cinzia , van de Stolpe Anja , Gaio Nikolas , Odijk Hanny , van de Ven Marieke , de Ridder Corrina M.A. , van Weerden Wytske M. , Jonkers Jos , Dekker Ronald , Taneja Nitika , Kanaar Roland , van Gent Dik C.
Published: April 2023

Supplementary files
Figure S6 from Inhibition of ERK5 Elicits Cellular Senescence in Melanoma via the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21
Authors: Tubita Alessandro , Lombardi Zoe , Tusa Ignazia , Lazzeretti Azzurra , Sgrignani Giovanna , Papini Dimitri , Menconi Alessio , Gagliardi Sinforosa , Lulli Matteo , Dello Sbarba Persio , Esparís-Ogando Azucena , Pandiella Atanasio , Stecca Barbara , Rovida Elisabetta
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Figure S6 R1
Figure S5 from Inhibition of ERK5 Elicits Cellular Senescence in Melanoma via the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21
Authors: Tubita Alessandro , Lombardi Zoe , Tusa Ignazia , Lazzeretti Azzurra , Sgrignani Giovanna , Papini Dimitri , Menconi Alessio , Gagliardi Sinforosa , Lulli Matteo , Dello Sbarba Persio , Esparís-Ogando Azucena , Pandiella Atanasio , Stecca Barbara , Rovida Elisabetta
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Figure S5 R1
Supplementary Table 5 from Super Enhancer-Mediated Upregulation of HJURP Promotes Growth and Survival of t(4;14)-Positive Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Jia Yunlu , Zhou Jianbiao , Tan Tze King , Chung Tae-Hoon , Chen Yongxia , Chooi Jing-Yuan , Sanda Takaomi , Fullwood Melissa J. , Xiong Sinan , Toh Sabrina H.M. , Balan Kalpnaa , Wong Regina W.J. , Lim Julia S.L. , Zhang Enfan , Cai Zhen , Shen Peng , Chng Wee Joo
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Table 5 shows the results of NSD2-MASPEC in KMS11 cells.
Supplementary Table 2 from Super Enhancer-Mediated Upregulation of HJURP Promotes Growth and Survival of t(4;14)-Positive Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Jia Yunlu , Zhou Jianbiao , Tan Tze King , Chung Tae-Hoon , Chen Yongxia , Chooi Jing-Yuan , Sanda Takaomi , Fullwood Melissa J. , Xiong Sinan , Toh Sabrina H.M. , Balan Kalpnaa , Wong Regina W.J. , Lim Julia S.L. , Zhang Enfan , Cai Zhen , Shen Peng , Chng Wee Joo
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Table 2 shows 26 SE-associated genes commonly acquired in both t(4:14)-positive HMCLs and patient-derived MM sample.
Figure S1 from Inhibition of ERK5 Elicits Cellular Senescence in Melanoma via the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21
Authors: Tubita Alessandro , Lombardi Zoe , Tusa Ignazia , Lazzeretti Azzurra , Sgrignani Giovanna , Papini Dimitri , Menconi Alessio , Gagliardi Sinforosa , Lulli Matteo , Dello Sbarba Persio , Esparís-Ogando Azucena , Pandiella Atanasio , Stecca Barbara , Rovida Elisabetta
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Figure S1 R1
Supplementary Figures from Super Enhancer-Mediated Upregulation of HJURP Promotes Growth and Survival of t(4;14)-Positive Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Jia Yunlu , Zhou Jianbiao , Tan Tze King , Chung Tae-Hoon , Chen Yongxia , Chooi Jing-Yuan , Sanda Takaomi , Fullwood Melissa J. , Xiong Sinan , Toh Sabrina H.M. , Balan Kalpnaa , Wong Regina W.J. , Lim Julia S.L. , Zhang Enfan , Cai Zhen , Shen Peng , Chng Wee Joo
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Figures, including Figures S1-6, and each figure legends.
Data from Inhibition of FGFR Reactivates IFNγ Signaling in Tumor Cells to Enhance the Combined Antitumor Activity of Lenvatinib with Anti-PD-1 Antibodies
Authors: Adachi Yusuke , Kamiyama Hiroshi , Ichikawa Kenji , Fukushima Sayo , Ozawa Yoichi , Yamaguchi Shogo , Goda Satoshi , Kimura Takayuki , Kodama Kotaro , Matsuki Masahiro , Miyano Saori Watanabe , Yokoi Akira , Kato Yu , Funahashi Yasuhiro
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Combination therapies consisting of immune checkpoint inhibitors plus anti-VEGF therapy show enhanced antitumor activity and are approved treatments for patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The immunosuppressive roles of VEGF in the tumor microenvironment are well studied, but those of FGF/FGFR signaling remain largely unknown. Lenvatinib is a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets both VEGFR and FGFR. Here, we examine the antitumor activity of anti-PD-1 mAb combined with either lenvatinib or axitinib, a VEGFR-selective inhibitor, in RCC. Both combination treatments showed greater antitumor activity and longer survival in mouse models versus either single agent treatment, whereas anti-PD-1 mAb plus lenvatinib had enhanced antitumor activity compared with anti-PD-1 mAb plus axitinib. Flow cytometry analysis showed that lenvatinib decreased the population of tumor-associated macrophages and increased that of IFNγ-positive CD8+ T cells. Activation of FGFR signaling inhibited the IFNγ-stimulated JAK/STAT signaling pathway and decreased expression of its target genes, including B2M, CXCL10, and PD-L1. Furthermore, inhibition of FGFR signaling by lenvatinib restored the tumor response to IFNγ stimulation in mouse and human RCC cell lines. These preclinical results reveal novel roles of tumor FGFR signaling in the regulation of cancer immunity through inhibition of the IFNγ pathway, and the inhibitory activity of lenvatinib against FGFRs likely contributes to the enhanced antitumor activity of combination treatment comprising lenvatinib plus anti-PD-1 mAb.
Significance:
FGFR pathway activation inhibits IFNγ signaling in tumor cells, and FGFR inhibition with lenvatinib enhances antitumor immunity and the activity of anti-PD-1 antibodies.
Data from Inhibition of ERK5 Elicits Cellular Senescence in Melanoma via the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21
Authors: Tubita Alessandro , Lombardi Zoe , Tusa Ignazia , Lazzeretti Azzurra , Sgrignani Giovanna , Papini Dimitri , Menconi Alessio , Gagliardi Sinforosa , Lulli Matteo , Dello Sbarba Persio , Esparís-Ogando Azucena , Pandiella Atanasio , Stecca Barbara , Rovida Elisabetta
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest skin cancer with a very poor prognosis in advanced stages. Although targeted and immune therapies have improved survival, not all patients benefit from these treatments. The mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK5 supports the growth of melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. However, ERK5 inhibition results in cell-cycle arrest rather than appreciable apoptosis. To clarify the role of ERK5 in melanoma growth, we performed transcriptomic analyses following ERK5 knockdown in melanoma cells expressing BRAFV600E and found that cellular senescence was among the most affected processes. In melanoma cells expressing either wild-type or mutant (V600E) BRAF, both genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of ERK5 elicited cellular senescence, as observed by a marked increase in senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and p21 expression. In addition, depletion of ERK5 from melanoma cells resulted in increased levels of CXCL1, CXCL8, and CCL20, proteins typically involved in the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Knockdown of p21 suppressed the induction of cellular senescence by ERK5 blockade, pointing to p21 as a key mediator of this process. In vivo, ERK5 knockdown or inhibition with XMD8–92 in melanoma xenografts promoted cellular senescence. Based on these results, small-molecule compounds targeting ERK5 constitute a rational series of prosenescence drugs that may be exploited for melanoma treatment.
Significance:
This study shows that targeting ERK5 induces p21-mediated cellular senescence in melanoma, identifying a prosenescence effect of ERK5 inhibitors that may be exploited for melanoma treatment.
The Optimization of Outpatient Hemodialysis Management for Acute Kidney Injury Requiring Dialysis Patients: A Quality Improvement Study
Authors: Ortiz-Soriano Victor , Cama-Olivares Augusto , Liu Lucas J. , Armentrout Brian , Colohan Durham , Paladiya Ruchir , Babroudi Seda , Aycinena Juan-Carlos , Neyra Javier A.
Published: April 2023

Introduction: In 2017, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services allowed survivors of hospitalized acute kidney injury requiring dialysis (AKI-D) who were ambulatory and still dependent on hemodialysis (HD) to receive treatment in outpatient dialysis facilities. This policy change generated the ongoing need to improve AKI-D care in the outpatient setting. Methods: Quality improvement study in adult patients admitted to an outpatient HD unit with the diagnosis of AKI-D. We developed a protocol to manage these patients that included: (a) multidisciplinary evaluations; (b) personalized 3-tier HD prescription for dose/ultrafiltration rate and frequency; (c) weekly assessment of kidney recovery; and (d) patient empowerment. Patient- and protocol-specific characteristics were described. We analyzed hourly HD data and protocol adherence, and relevant hemodynamic data were compared according to HD-free survival at 90 days. Results: A total of 457.3 h of HD from 9 patients under the AKI-D protocol were interrogated. Three out of 9 patients were alive and liberated from HD within the first 90 days of outpatient HD. Overall protocol adherence was 53.8% and did not differ by HD-free survival (54.5% vs. 53.7% in those that recovered vs. not). Protocol adherence was associated with fewer intradialytic hypotension events (peak to nadir blood pressure, p < 0.01), while intradialytic hypotension (pre- to post-blood pressure) occurred more frequently in patients who did not recover kidney function (p = 0.009). Conclusion: We demonstrated the feasibility of implementing a management protocol for AKI-D patients in an outpatient dialysis facility. We found that fewer episodes of intradialytic hypotension occurred when the outpatient HD management was adherent to the protocol. The feasibility of this protocol should be confirmed in other facilities, and importantly, efficacy testing to evaluate its impact on AKI-D outpatient care is necessary.
Giant Supratentorial Brain Tumors in Children: Functional Outcome and Progression-Free Survival Analysis
Authors: Saenz Amparo , Basilotta Yamila , Dalton Emma A , Argañaraz Romina , Mantese Beatriz
Published: April 2023

Introduction: This study aimed to identify factors affecting progression-free survival (PFS) in pediatric patients with giant supratentorial brain tumors (GSBTs) treated with surgical excision. The secondary aim was to analyze how these same factors affected the functional outcome in the long term. Methods: We performed a retrospective, analytical, single-center cohort study. We included all pediatric patients with GSBT between January 2014 and June 2018. Patients were followed for a minimum of 24 months for the PFS and overall survival (OS) analysis. Functional status score (FSS) was used to assess the functional outcome. Results: We included 27 patients with GSBT, the median age was six (range 2–12), and eleven patients had a grade IV tumor. The 24-month PFS and OS were 51.85% and 74.04%, respectively. A PFS-ending event or treatment failure occurred in 13 patients. We found that patients with postoperative FFS >16 have a worse PFS than patients with a postoperative FSS <15 (HR 4.51; p = 0.03). Patients with more than three surgeries had worse PFS than patients with one or two procedures (HR 11.39; p = 0.004). High-grade tumors were associated with worse PFS than low-grade tumors (HR 1.55; p = 0.04). Finally, patients with CNS infections had worse PFS than patients without that complication (HR 2.70; p = 0.04). Conclusions: GSBTs in pediatric patients are complex lesions that require multidisciplinary management. Surgical management and quality of life should be considered when choosing the best treatment. Factors influencing long-term PFS were high-grade histopathology, the need for three or more surgeries, postoperative FSS >16, and CNS infections.
Iatrogenic Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy Post Neurosurgery: Frequency, Clinical Profile, Radiological Features, and Outcome
Authors: Kaushik Kanishk , van Etten Ellis S. , Siegerink Bob , Kappelle L. Jaap , Lemstra Afina W. , Schreuder Floris H.B.M. , Klijn Catharina J.M. , Peul Wilco C. , Terwindt Gisela M. , van Walderveen Marianne A.A. , Wermer Marieke J.H.
Published: April 2023

Background:

Prion-like transmission of amyloid-ß through cadaveric dura, decades after neurosurgical procedures, has been hypothesized as an iatrogenic cause of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). We investigated new and previously described patients to assess the clinical profile, radiological features, and outcome of this presumed iatrogenic CAA-subtype (iCAA).

Methods:

Patients were collected from our prospective lobar hemorrhage and CAA database (n=251) with patients presenting to our hospital between 2008 and 2022. In addition, we identified patients with iCAA from 2 other Dutch CAA-expertise hospitals and performed a systematic literature-search for previously described patients. We classified patients according to the previously proposed diagnostic criteria for iCAA, assessed clinical and radiological disease features, and calculated intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)-recurrence rates. We evaluated the spatial colocalization of cadaveric dura placement and CAA-associated magnetic resonance imaging markers.

Results:

We included 49 patients (74% men, mean age 43 years [range, 27–84]); 15 from our database (6% [95% CI, 3%–10%]; 45% of patients <55 years), 3 from the 2 other CAA-expertise hospitals, and 31 from the literature. We classified 43% (n=21; 1 newly identified patient) as probable and 57% (n=28) as possible iCAA. Patients presented with lobar ICH (57%), transient focal neurological episodes (12%), or seizures (8%). ICH-recurrence rate in the new patients (16/100 person-years [95% CI, 7–32], median follow-up 18 months) was lower than in the previously described patients (77/100 person-years [95% CI, 59–99], median follow-up 18 months). One patient had a 10 year interlude without ICH-recurrence. We identified no clear spatial relationship between dura placement and CAA-associated magnetic resonance imaging markers. During follow-up (median, 18 months), 20% of the patients developed transient focal neurological episodes and 20% cognitively declined.

Conclusions:

iCAA seems common in patients presenting with nonhereditary CAA under the age of 55. Clinical and radiological features are comparable with sCAA. After diagnosis, multiple ICH-recurrences but also long symptom-free intervals can occur. Harmonized registries are necessary to identify and understand this potentially underrecognized CAA-subtype.
Treating Greek o eaftos mu as a Regular Anaphor: Theoretical Implications
Authors: Angelopoulos Nikos , Sportiche Dominique
Published: April 2023

Binding theory Condition A must be so formulated as to accommodate the range of behaviors exhibited by anaphors crosslinguistically. In this respect, the behavior of the Modern Greek anaphor o eaftos mu is theoretically important, as it has been reported to display a number of unusual distributional properties. This has led to treatments by Iatridou (1988) and Anagnostopoulou and Everaert (1999) different from the treatment of standard anaphors represented by English himself, thus requiring a rethinking of the classic Condition A descriptive generalization and its theoretical derivation. This article revisits the distribution of this expression, documenting that previous discussions are subject to a confound as this expression (a) is not always a reflexive and (b) has logophoric uses. Controlling for the nonanaphoric use of o eaftos mu as well as for logophoricity and relying on new data surveys, we conclude that when anaphoric, it is in fact a well-behaved standard anaphor from the point of view of the standard Condition A (akin to the version in Chomsky 1986).