bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Border Barbarisms”, Albury 1902: Greeks and the Ambiguity of Whiteness
Authors: Piperoglou Andonis
Published: November 2018

This article focuses on the surfacing of ambiguous racial attitudes towards Greeks during the immediate post‐Federation period. It investigates how Greeks were located within the contested politics of whiteness and argues that the ways in which Greeks were racialised within the delamination of Australian racial imaginings were linked to broader British preoccupations with Greece and Greek people. Such preoccupations divergently racialised Greeks as either a virtuous Christian people with alluring civilisational qualities or a degenerate race. Through an examination of articulations raised in the press and federal parliament, the racial ambiguity levelled against Greek people will expose discursive intersections between whiteness, philhellenism, and migrancy. The article will then examine two border incidents that occurred in Albury during 1902. Each incident prevented newly arrived Greeks from crossing the colonial‐cum‐interstate border between Victoria and New South Wales and became a heated flash point in the initial implementation of the Immigration Restriction Act (1901). They expose an unexamined account of how Greek people were located within the hardening politics of immigration restriction, and provide us with a localised delineation of how whiteness was, in some ways, connected to a British fascination with Greece.
UNDERSTANDING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INFRASTRUCTURE PUBLIC‒PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS AND INNOVATION
Authors: LEMBER Veiko , PETERSEN Ole Helby , SCHERRER Walter , ÅGREN Robert
Published: November 2018

While the contemporary academic discourse regards innovation as an inherent feature of infrastructure public‒private partnerships (PPPs), the conceptual link between infrastructure PPPs and innovation is narrowly understood. While most existing studies conceptualize the innovation processes and effects within the context of PPP projects, we argue that the relevance of innovation in infrastructure PPPs goes beyond specific projects. In this conceptual article, we examine why and how infrastructure PPP innovations can shape the evolution of the involved private and public sector organizations – and therefore the respective sectors – more broadly. We show that innovation in the context of PPPs has much broader implications and potential outcomes than as emphasized in the literature so far.
Interactive effects of age and hydration state on human thermoregulatory function during exercise in hot‐dry conditions
Authors: Meade Robert D. , Notley Sean R. , D’Souza Andrew W. , Dervis Sheila , Boulay Pierre , Sigal Ronald J. , Kenny Glen P.
Published: November 2018

Aim

Ageing and hypohydration independently attenuate heat dissipation during exercise; however, the interactive effects of these factors remain unclear. We assessed the hypothesis that ageing suppresses hypohydration‐induced reductions in whole‐body heat loss during exercise in the heat.

Methods

On two occasions, eight young (mean [SD]: 24 [4] years) and eight middle‐aged (59 [5] years) men performed 30‐minute bouts of light (heat production of 175 W m−2) and moderate (275 W m−2) cycling (separated by 15‐minute rest) in the heat (40°C, 15% relative humidity) when euhydrated and hypohydrated (~4% reduction in body mass). Heat production and whole‐body net heat exchange (evaporative heat loss + dry heat gain) were measured via indirect and direct calorimetry (respectively) and heat storage was calculated via their temporal summation.

Results

Net heat exchange was reduced, while heat storage was elevated, in the middle‐aged men during moderate exercise when euhydrated (both P ≤ 0.01). In the young, evaporative heat loss was attenuated in the hypohydrated vs euhydrated condition during light (199 ± 6 vs 211 ± 10 W m−2; P ≤ 0.01) and moderate (287 ± 15 vs 307 ± 13 W m−2; P ≤ 0.01) exercise, but was similar in the middle‐aged men, averaging 223 ± 6 and 299 ± 15 W m−2, respectively, across conditions (both P ≥ 0.32). Heat storage was thereby exacerbated by hypohydration in the young (both P < 0.01) but not the middle‐aged (both P ≥ 0.32) during both exercise bouts and, as a result, was similar between groups when hypohydrated (both P ≥ 0.50).

Conclusion

Hypohydration attenuates heat loss via sweating in young but not middle‐aged men, indicating that ageing impairs one’s ability to mitigate further sweat‐induced fluid loss during hypohydration.
Lomustine chemotherapy for the treatment of presumptive haemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma in Flat‐coated Retrievers
Authors: Elliott J
Published: November 2018

Background

The Flat‐coated Retriever (FCR) is a breed at‐risk for histiocytic sarcoma (HS). A haemophagocytic form of HS (HPHS) occurs in the spleen ± other sites such as bone marrow, and is a CD11d+ disease of macrophage origin. Patients with HPHS typically present with regenerative anaemia. Lomustine is a well‐accepted, first‐line chemotherapy for dogs with HS, but its specific utility in dogs with HPHS has not been previously reported.

Methods

A cohort of 10 dogs presumptively diagnosed with HPHS via splenic ± bone marrow or liver aspiration cytology were treated with lomustine, plus supportive medications as required. Cytology of liver and bone marrow was diagnostically useful in patients where splenic cytology was less convincing.

Results

No dogs experienced significant constitutional or gastrointestinal adverse effects following lomustine administration, though most dogs displayed clinical signs associated with the underlying disease. No patients appeared to derive discernible clinical benefit from chemotherapy. Neutropenia was a common adverse effect of lomustine. Concurrent medications included corticosteroids in all cases, prior to the diagnosis of HPHS, for a provisional diagnosis of immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia. Median survival time of the treated dogs was 24 days from diagnosis (range, 4–67 days).

Conclusions

HPHS affecting FCRs appears to have a uniformly poor outcome and is rapidly fatal. Lomustine chemotherapy was unsuccessful in significantly improving outcome in this cohort of patients. Further study of this rare and devastating disease is needed.
Metronidazole‐induced neurotoxicity in 26 dogs
Authors: Tauro A , Beltran E , Cherubini GB , Coelho AT , Wessmann A , Driver CJ , Rusbridge CJ
Published: November 2018

Background

Metronidazole is an antibacterial, antiprotozoal and anthelmintic medication commonly used in veterinary medicine. We describe cases of neurotoxicity associated with the drug’s administration.

Methods

Medical records between 2004 and 2017 from four veterinary referral hospitals were reviewed. Inclusion criteria were the presence of neurological signs compatible with metronidazole toxicity, clinical history supporting recent metronidazole therapy and resolution of clinical signs upon discontinuation of metronidazole administration.

Results

A total of 26 dogs were identified with clinical signs supporting a diagnosis of metronidazole toxicity. Median age at presentation was 7.2 years (range, 0.1–12 years); median duration of treatment was 35 days (range, 5–180 days); median treatment dosage was 21 mg/kg BID (range, 13–56 mg/kg every 12 h); median resolution of the clinical signs upon discontinuation of metronidazole was 3 days (range, 1–26 days). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain was performed in 19 cases and only one dog had brain lesions affecting the dentate nuclei, which resembled the MRI appearance of this disease in humans.

Conclusions

We found evidence of neurotoxicity in dogs at much lower doses than previously reported and we suggest caution when administering metronidazole at doses > 40 mg/kg every 24 h, regardless of the duration of the treatment.
Occupational Regulation in the European Union: Coverage and Wage Effects
Authors: Koumenta Maria , Pagliero Mario
Published: November 2018

We present the first EU‐wide study on the prevalence and labour market impact of occupational regulation in the European Union. Drawing on a new EU Survey of Regulated Occupations, we find that licensing affects about 22 per cent of workers in the European Union, although there is significant variability across member states and occupations. On average, licensing is associated with a 4 per cent higher hourly wage. Using decomposition techniques we show that rent capture accounts for one‐third of this effect and the remainder is attributed to signalling. We find considerable heterogeneity in the wage gains by occupation and level of educational attainment. Finally, occupational licensing increases wage inequality. After accounting for composition effects, licensing increases the standard deviation of wages by about 0.02 log points.
Effects of Occupational Licensing and Unions on Labour Market Earnings in Canada
Authors: Zhang Tingting
Published: November 2018

Using longitudinal data from the Canadian Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics from 1999 to 2011, the article compares the pay and benefits of licensed and unionized workers. In a cross section of respondents and using ordinary least squares estimates, it finds a pay premium of 0.155 log points for those with an occupational licence compared to those without one; the comparable union wage premium is slightly more than half, that is 0.085 log points. Fixed‐effects estimates go in the opposite direction (0.028 and 0.046 log points for licensing and unionization, respectively), suggesting the existence of unobservable factors correlated with licensing and union status. Unionized workers are more likely to access standard benefits, such as medical insurance and pension plans, but licensed workers benefit little from their licensing status in access to benefits. Finally, union workers are significantly less likely to receive incentive pay, such as profit sharing, while the association between occupational licensing and incentive pay is close to zero and statistically insignificant.
886. NICOTIANA FAUCICOLA
Authors: Chase Mark W. , Conran John G. , Christenhusz Maarten J. M.
Published: November 2018

Nicotiana faucicola is newly described and illustrated from plants collected in the Flinders Ranges of South Australia and cultivated at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Its discovery, ecology, cytology and cultivation are discussed.
888. NICOTIANA GOSSEI
Authors: Chase Mark W. , Christenhusz Maarten J. M.
Published: November 2018

Nicotiana gossei is the preferred species of Nicotiana used for chewing by native Australians. It was previously a widely traded commodity. We here describe and illustrate this formerly economically important species from plants collected in the Northern Territory of Australia and cultivated at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Its ecology, traditional uses, cytology and cultivation are discussed.
Increase of scabies in Germany and development of resistant mites? Evidence and consequences
Authors: Sunderkötter Cord , Aebischer Anton , Neufeld Matthias , Löser Christoph , Kreuter Alexander , Bialek Ralf , Hamm Henning , Feldmeier Hermann
Published: November 2018

Scabies has been diagnosed surprisingly frequently in Germany in recent years, and the use of acaricides has risen markedly. Present figures indicate an increase in the prevalence/incidence of scabies, but do not prove or quantify it for the following reasons: (a) scabies is not a notifiable disease in Germany; (b) the diagnosis is not always confirmed lege artis by means of light microscopy or dermatoscopy (which may lead to a comparatively high proportion of false‐positive diagnoses due to the low overall prevalence of scabies); (c) repeated treatments of the same patient and treatment of contact persons are included in the total number of prescriptions. Therefore, there are no valid data on disease occurrence, either in the current situation or from previous periods.

Observations of ineffective treatment with permethrin have led to speculations that Sarcoptes mites are developing resistance to this drug. However, there is little evidence for this assumption.

We discuss risk groups (children, elderly people in need of care, migrant health personnel in nursing institutions, refugees, sexually active young adults) and evaluate their possible contribution, albeit in the absence of evidence. None of the groups would be solely responsible for an increased frequency.

We have compiled recommendations on how the management of scabies could be improved, and present a way of differentiating permethrin resistance from application errors and/or lack of compliance. The goal is to solve the epidemiological and parasitological questions mentioned above.
Genetic Polymorphism of the CCK Gene in Patients With Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms
Authors: Okubo Takehito , Harada Shoji , Higuchi Susumu , Matsushita Sachio
Published: November 2018

Background: Cholecystokinin (CCK) is considered to play an important role in the central nervous system via its interaction with other neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, gamma‐aminobutyric acid, substance P, and enkephalins. We investigated the relationship between the C to T substitution in the Spl binding cis‐element of the CCK gene promoter region (at position −45 numbered from initiation codon) and alcohol withdrawal symptoms.

Methods: We examined 214 Japanese men with alcoholism (93 with delirium tremens, 49 with hallucination, 38 with seizure, and 93 with none of these symptoms) and 98 age‐matched Japanese male controls by using a polymerase chain reaction‐based single strand conformational polymorphism analysis.

Results: Patients who displayed hallucination were significantly more likely to possess the C allele than control subjects (X2 = 8.17, p = 0.017, Bonferroni correction: p = 0.064). In addition, we investigated the influence of CCK gene polymorphism on alcohol consumption among the control subjects but found no significant relationship.

Conclusions: Our data suggested that the C allele at −45 locus of the CCK gene was higher in patients with hallucination than the control group at a rate that was not quite significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing.
Michaelis‐Menten Elimination Kinetics of Acetate During Ethanol Oxidation
Authors: Fujimiya Tatsuya , Li Yu‐Jiang , Ohbora Yumiko
Published: November 2018

Background: The redistribution of acetate cannot be explained using a linear kinetic model. We studied the pharmacokinetics of acetate during ethanol oxidation in the rabbit.

Methods: An ethanol saline solution (0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 g/kg) was injected bolus intravenously. We measured blood ethanol, acetaldehyde, and acetate concentrations by using head‐space gas chromatography.

Results: Blood acetate concentration changed in three phases: an ascending, a plateau, and a declining phase. The first‐order rate constant of the declining phase was smaller than that of the ascending phase and decreased dose dependently. Statistical moment analysis of the blood acetate profiles showed that the normalized area under the curve (AUC/Dose) and the mean residence time (MRT) increased with increasing dose amount. These increases suggest a capacity‐limited elimination of acetate. We attempted simultaneous multiline fitting, using the three blood acetate disappearance curves, to determine the pharmacokinetic model. Consequently, the blood acetate profile was best described by a Michaelis‐Menten elimination kinetic model. The Vmax and Km values of acetate elimination were 40.80 ± 14.10 mM/hr and 0.47 ± 0.19 mM, respectively. The fraction of a dose of ethanol converted to acetate (fAcA) was calculated to be 0.54. The estimated values are average parameter values of three different doses. Fitted curves suggest smaller fAcA at a low dose and larger fAcA at a higher dose, which indicate increases of accumulation and redistribution of acetate at higher doses.

Conclusions: Acetate elimination during ethanol oxidation obeys capacity‐limited kinetics.
Identification of 7‐Hydroperoxycholesterol in Human Liver by Liquid Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Adachi Junko , Asano Migiwa , Ueno Yasuhiro , Naito Takeaki
Published: November 2018

Background: A liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry with an atmospheric chemical ionization interface has been developed to identify simultaneously various oxygenated cholesterols in lipid extracts from alcoholic fatty liver.

Methods: We collected human liver tissues from alcoholic and control subjects at autopsy. We purified the lipid extracts with solid phase extraction and injected them onto a spherisorb ODS column, by using methanol that contained 10 mM ammonium acetate as a mobile phase and a flow rate of 0.7 ml/min.

Results: We found the presence of 7‐hydroperoxycholesterol and other oxysterols (5‐cholesten‐3β‐ol‐7‐one, cholest‐5‐ene‐3β, 7‐diol, and 5, 6β‐epoxy‐5β‐cholestan‐3β‐ol) in alcoholic fatty liver tissues.

Conclusions: We assume that long‐term ethanol ingestion leads to excessive oxidative stress and to the accumulation of cholesterol‐derived hydroperoxides and oxysterols in alcoholic fatty liver.
A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a brief motivational intervention to improve exclusive breastfeeding rates: Study protocol
Authors: Franco‐Antonio Cristina , Calderón‐García Julián Fernando , Vilar‐López Raquel , Portillo‐Santamaría Mónica , Navas‐Pérez Juan Francisco , Cordovilla‐Guardia Sergio
Published: November 2018

Aims

To estimate the effectiveness of a brief motivational intervention (BMI) in increasing the duration of exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months postpartum. A complementary aim was to examine a potential mediating role of breastfeeding self‐efficacy in the effectiveness of the BMI.

Background

Breastfeeding is associated with benefits for babies and mothers’ health. Among the pool of techniques used to encourage healthy behaviours, BMI is highlighted based on the principles of motivational interviewing. One of the main components of these interventions is the promotion of self‐efficacy, which, in fact, is a key factor for breastfeeding success.

Design

A multi‐centre randomized controlled clinical trial of parallel groups.

Methods

Women who begin to breastfeed in the first hour after birth will be randomly assigned to the intervention group (receiving a BMI at immediate postpartum plus a telephone booster at the 1st and 3rd month postpartum) or the control group (receiving standard breastfeeding education at the same time). Outcome measures include the following: breastfeeding, breastfeeding self‐efficacy, general self‐efficacy, and postnatal depression. Data will be collected before the intervention and at the 1st, 3rd, and 6th month after birth. The study protocol has been approved by Badajoz Ethics Committee of Clinical Research in October 2017.

Discussion

This study will identify the effectiveness of BMI in improving exclusive breastfeeding rates. The findings will give useful evidence to health professionals about how to support breastfeeding.

Impact

This study will address the low‐exclusive breastfeeding rates, that in our country are far lower than World Health Organization's recommendation.
Neotropical frogs and mating songs: The evolution of advertisement calls in glassfrogs
Authors: Escalona Sulbarán Moisés D. , Ivo Simões Pedro , Gonzalez‐Voyer Alejandro , Castroviejo‐Fisher Santiago
Published: November 2018

Anurans emit advertisement calls with the purpose of attracting mates and repelling conspecific competitors. The evolution of call traits is expected to be associated with the evolution of anatomical and behavioural traits due to the physics of call emission and transmission. The evolution of vocalizations might imply trade‐offs with other energetically costly behaviours, such as parental care. Here, we investigated the association between body size, calling site, parental care and call properties (call duration, number of notes, peak frequency, frequency bandwidth and call structure) of the advertisement calls of glassfrogs (Centrolenidae)—a family of Neotropical, leaf‐dwelling anurans—using phylogenetic comparative methods. We also explored the tempo and mode of evolution of these traits and compared them with those of three morphological traits associated with body size, locomotion and feeding. We generated and compiled acoustic data for 72 glassfrog species (46% of total species richness), including representatives of all genera. We found that almost all acoustic traits have significant, but generally modest, phylogenetic signal. Peak frequency of calls is significantly associated with body size, whereas call structure is significantly associated with calling site and paternal care. Thus, the evolution of body size, calling site and paternal care could constrain call evolution. The estimated disparity of acoustic traits was larger than that of morphological traits and the peak in disparity of acoustic traits generally occurred later in the evolution of glassfrogs, indicating a historically recent outset of the acoustic divergence in this clade.
Sexual dimorphism modifies habitat‐associated divergence: Evidence from beach and creek breeding sockeye salmon
Authors: Oke Krista B. , Motivans Elena , Quinn Thomas P. , Hendry Andrew P.
Published: November 2018

Studies of parallel or convergent evolution (the repeated, independent evolution of similar traits in similar habitats) rarely explicitly quantify the extent of parallelism (i.e. variation in the direction and/or magnitude of divergence) between the sexes; instead, they often investigate both sexes together or exclude one sex. However, differences in male and female patterns of divergence could contribute to overall variation in the extent of parallelism among ecotype pairs, especially in sexually dimorphic traits. Failing to properly attribute such variation could lead to underestimates of the importance of environmental variation in shaping phenotypes. We investigate the extent of parallelism in the body shape of male and female beach and creek spawning sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) from two lake systems in western Alaska that were colonized independently after the last ice age. Although both sexes showed some degree of parallelism, patterns of beach‐creek body shape divergence vary between the sexes and between lake systems. Phenotypic change vector analyses revealed highly parallel aspects of divergence between males from different lake systems (males from beaches had deeper bodies than males from creeks) but weaker parallelism in females and high parallelism between the sexes in one lake system but not the other. Body shape also had population‐specific components, which were mostly, but not entirely, explained by environmental variation in the form of creek depth. Our results highlight the importance of explicitly considering the extent of parallelism between the sexes and environmental variation among sites within habitat types.
Carbon‐ion radiotherapy for HCC—A potential tool to fulfil an unmet gap in the treatment algorithms?
Authors: Da Fonseca Leonardo G , Forner Alejandro
Published: November 2018

See Article on Page 2239
Outcome and potentially modifiable risk factors for candidemia in critically ill burns patients: A matched cohort study
Authors: Dudoignon Emmanuel , Alanio Alexandre , Anstey James , Depret François , Coutrot Maxime , Fratani Alexandre , Jully Marion , Cupaciu Alexandru , Chaussard Maïté , Oueslati Haikel , Ferry Axelle , Benyamina Mourad , de Tymowski Christian , Boccara David , Serror Kevin , Chaouat Marc , Mimoun Maurice , Lafaurie Matthieu , Denis Blandine , Gits‐Muselli Maud , Bretagne Stephane , Mebazaa Alexandre , Legrand Matthieu , Soussi Sabri ,   For the PRONOBURN group
Published: November 2018

Background

Patients with extensive burns are at risk of developing candidemia.

Objectives

To identify potentially modifiable risk factors and outcomes of candidemia in critically ill burns patients.

Patients and Methods

Retrospective matched cohort study including adult burns patients. Patients who developed candidemia were matched with burns patients with Candida spp colonisation and sepsis or septic shock without candidemia in a ratio of 1:3 (same severity scores and colonisation index). Univariate and multiple regression analyses were performed.

Results

Of 130 severely burned patients with Candida spp colonisation and at least one episode of sepsis or septic shock, 14 were diagnosed with candidemia. In the candidemia group, patients had a median (IQR) total burns surface area (TBSA) of 57 (38‐68)%, SAPSII of 43 (36‐58) and ABSI of 11 (8‐13). Multiple regression analysis showed that only duration of prior antibiotic therapy was independently associated with candidemia. ICU mortality was higher in the candidemia group (71% vs 35% [P = 0.02]). The log‐rank test for 28‐day mortality comparing patients with candidemia treated with an empirical strategy vs a curative strategy did not reach significance (P = 0.056).

Conclusions

Burns patients having received recent antibiotherapy have a higher risk of candidemia. Antifungal strategies did not influence outcome in this series.
Unity and conflict: Explaining financial industry lobbying success in European Union public consultations
Authors: Chalmers Adam W.
Published: November 2018

This article examines the contingent nature of financial industry lobbying power in the context of the policy formation stage of six European Commission regulatory proposals. I argue that lobbying success is a function of how well finance is able to speak with a unified voice. Building on existing studies, I examine industry unity as explicit preference alignment between actors but also in terms of actors abstaining from stating preferences. Staying silent on an issue sends signals to policymakers about issue saliency and industry support. Using a novel dataset derived from document coding and interviews, I examine the impact of industry unity on lobbying success in shaping six financial regulatory proposals in the context of the European Union. My findings show that lobbying success is partially contingent on the extent to which finance is united behind a common position. Critically, however, lobbying success is also related to the nature of that position, whether supporting the proposal or whether in favor of strengthening or weakening regulatory stringency.
Identification of the novel HLA‐C*04:01:01:31 allele in a Saudi individual
Authors: Aloufi Faisal , Alanazi Hanan , Alqasem Afnan , Gattan Manal , Hajeer Ali H.
Published: November 2018

HLA‐C*04:01:01:31 differs from HLA‐C*04:01:01:01 by a single nucleotide substitution (G → T) at position 72.
Identification of the novel HLA‐B*49:01:01:04 allele in a Saudi individual
Authors: Alshubaili Abdullah , AlSebaiheen Farrah , Alblaihed Asma , Alburaq Mohammed , Alanazi Aisha
Published: November 2018

HLA‐B*49:01:01:04 differs from HLA‐B*49:01:01:01 by a single nucleotide substitution (G → A) at position 3627.
Learning Simple Spatial Terms: Core and More
Authors: Landau Barbara
Published: November 2018

How do children learn the meanings of simple spatial prepositions likeinandon? In this paper, I argue that children come to spatial term learning with an a priori conceptual distinction between core versus non‐core concepts of containment and support, and that they learn how language maps onto this distinction by considering both the simple prepositions and the company they keep—that is, the distributions of their co‐occurrences with particular verbs. Core types of containment and support are largely expressed byin/ontogether with the light verbBE; non‐core types are expressed by lexical verbs such asinsert,hang,stick, and so on, which represent the specific mechanical means by which containment or support is achieved. These latter types arguably depend on extensive learning about the particular mechanisms of containment and support, many of which are invented by humans, as well as learning the specific lexical verbs that encode these mechanisms. The core versus non‐core distinction is reflected in young children's and adults' linguistic descriptions of different spatial configurations, via different distributions of expression types across different configurations. Differences between children and adults are not likely to be rooted in either conceptual or semantic differences, but rather, in the probabilistic nature of available expressions, along with early limits on children's vocabulary of lexical verbs that express complex mechanical relationships between objects.
Transcriptome monitoring visualizes growth stage‐dependent nutrient status dynamics in rice under field conditions
Authors: Takehisa Hinako , Sato Yutaka
Published: November 2018

Crop plants undergo morpho‐physiological changes throughout the growth process in response to both the internal and the external environment, and that eventually determine the yield. The system‐level adjustment of the morpho‐physiological changes has remained largely unclear, however, especially in field conditions. Here, we reveal changes in nutrient status associated with tiller development and soil conditions based on the leaf transcriptome profile of rice (Oryza sativa) throughout the entire period of growth. We performed gene co‐expression network analysis and identified three gene sets as indicators for monitoring the internal nitrogen and phosphorus status. Expression profiling reveals that the phosphorus starvation response is expressed during the tillering stage and is then switched off with the transition to nitrogen deficiency. Coincident with phosphorus status dynamics, the level of phosphate in the leaf is demonstrated to be low during the tillering stage and subsequently increases drastically. The phosphorus dynamics are genetically validated by analysing mutants with a defect in phosphorus homeostasis. Notably, we show that nitrogen limitation directly suppresses the phosphorus starvation response. Finally, the phosphorus starvation response is demonstrated to be activated in soil with a high phosphate retention capacity, without the visible phenotypes associated with phosphorus starvation. Our results reveal a growth stage‐ and soil condition‐dependent reaction that requires phosphorus, which is expressed to promote the phosphorus uptake required for developing tillers and is directly adjusted by nitrogen status. A molecular framework for elucidating nutrient status dynamics under field conditions would provide insights into improving crop productivity.
On the Differential Effects of Individual and Collaborative Written Corrective Feedback on the Accuracy of Iranian Female EFL Learners’ Writing
Authors: Bonyadi Alireza
Published: November 2018

This paper aimed at examining the differential effects of individual and collaborative written corrective feedbacks on EFL learners’ writing accuracy. To this end, 60 female English language learners were selected from among 80 students of intermediate EFL learners in private language institute in Urmia (West Azerbayjan, IRI). The participants were randomly divided into two groups namely, ‘individual feedback group’ and ‘collaborative feedback group’. Two different correction procedures were provided for both groups. For the first group, the assignment papers of the participants was gathered by the instructor in order to be provided with explicit written corrective feedback for their writings in terms of grammar and mechanics, while for the second group, six participants wrote on a topic and each composition was corrected by four EFL learners. Finally, a post-test on writing was conducted for both groups, and a t-test analysis was used to compare the mean scores of both groups. The findings of the study revealed that there was a significant difference between the individual and collaborative corrective feedback groups in terms of their writing accuracy.
Relationship Between the Spiritual Intelligence and Self-Regulation Skills of Education Faculty Students
Authors: Aydin Davut
Published: November 2018

The purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship between the spiritual intelligence characteristics and self-regulation skills of the Education Faculty students. The study also examined the spiritual intelligence characteristics and self-regulation skills of students by gender, place of residence, and academic achievement. The research is a quantitative study carried out with the relational screening model. The study was performed with the data collected from 606 teacher candidates, consisting of 352 female and 254 male students, selected through stratified sampling among the students attending the Education Faculty of Ahi Evran University in the academic year of 2017-2018. In the data analysis, independent t-test, one-factor ANOVA, and Pearson moment-product correlation coefficient were used. As a result of the research, it is concluded that there is a low level of relationship between students' spiritual intelligence characteristics and self-regulation skills, and it doesn't differ by the gender and place of residence variables. On the other hand, it is another result of the research that there is no relationship between the spiritual intelligence characteristics and self-regulation skills of the students and academic achievement.
Cellulases production on paper and sawdust using native Trichoderma asperellum
Authors: Zapata Y Maritza , Galviz-Quezada Angelica , Osorio Echeverri Víctor Manuel
Published: November 2018

Microbial cellulases are industrially used enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of the glycosidic bonds of cellulose. This hydrolysis yields sugars that can be used in processes such as bioethanol production. These enzymes are mainly produced by fungi belonging to the genus Trichoderma via submerged or solid state fermentation with cellulosic materials as substrates. Recent publications have increasingly demonstrated that alternatives to T.reesei enzymes in the production of second generation biofuels exist. Here, cellulolytic activities of crude extracts obtained from a native isolate of T.asperellum from coffe pulp and a strain of T.reesei were evaluated. Solid state fermentations were performed using paper and sawdust as substrates. The activities were measured after 12 days of incubation. The extracts obtained from T.reesei showed higher cellulase and endoglucanase activities (6.5 and 5.8 U/g) than those obtained using T.asperellum (5.6 and 4.1 U/g) with paper as substrate. There were no significant differences between isolates when grownon sawdust. It was possible to verify that native T.asperellum was able to produce cellulases on lignocellulosic material such as moistened paper and sawdust without having undergone a chemical pretreatment.
Aprendizaje de tiempo y lugar: efectos de la duración del período de disponibilidad y de la variabilidad o constancia de la secuencia de locaciones
Authors: García Gallardo Daniel Antonio , Aguilar Guevara Francisco , Armenta Benjamín , Carpio Claudio
Published: November 2018

En el presente estudio, se somete a prueba una propuesta ampliamente aceptada en el área del Aprendizaje de Tiempo y Lugar (TPL): Esto es, que la ocurrencia de este aprendizaje, requiere regularidad en los tres componentes de la tarea: tiempo, lugar y evento. Para ello, se compararon los efectos de distintas duraciones del periodo de disponibilidad de reforzamiento en dos condiciones: secuencia constante y secuencia variable, en una cámara con cuatro comederos, sobre la emergencia de TPL. En la primera condición, el reforzador estaba disponible en un comedero diferente en cada ensayo, pero siempre en la misma secuencia. En la condición variable, la secuencia de comederos en los que se entregaba el reforzador cambió aleatoriamente. Se expusieron cuatro palomas primero a la condición variable y después a la condición constante. Para dos palomas, la disponibilidad de reforzamiento fue de 3 minutos (G3) y para las dos restantes, de 6 minutos (G6). En la condición variable, los sujetos del G6 ajustaron mejor sus respuestas a los parámetros temporo-espaciales de la tarea que los sujetos del G3. En la condición constante, no se apreciaron diferencias entre grupos. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos hallazgos para las consideraciones previas acerca del posible rol asimétrico de parámetros espaciales y temporales de la tarea.
Control del pensamiento, esfuerzo cognitivo y lenguaje fisionómico-organísmico: tres manifestaciones expresivas del lenguaje interior en la experiencia humana
Authors: Fossa Pablo , Awad Natalia , Ramos Fabian , Molina Yerko , De la Puerta Sofía , Cornejo Carlos
Published: November 2018

El presente artículo reporta los resultados de un estudio cuantitativo exploratorio, cuyo objetivo fue identificar formas de lenguaje interior y sus manifestaciones expresivas en la gestualidad. Los participantes, 50 estudiantes universitarios, fueron sometidos individualmente a dos eventos de elicitación de lenguaje interior: una música instrumental y un cuento. Luego de cada estímulo, se les solicitó reflexionar en silencio los contenidos elicitados por cada uno, para posteriormente participar en una entrevista cualitativa videoasistida. Las categorías gestuales fueron codificadas y analizadas a través de un análisis estadístico descriptivo, correlaciones de Pearson y análisis de componentes principales. Los resultados evidencian tres formas de lenguaje interior asociados a diferentes movimientos expresivos no verbales. En primer lugar, aparece un lenguaje interno al servicio del control del pensamiento, asociado a movimientos no verbales de control y búsqueda voluntaria del pensamiento. En segundo lugar, un lenguaje interior de esfuerzo cognitivo, que implica gestos iterativos que manifiestan procesamiento de información. Finalmente, se observa un lenguaje interno fisionómico-organísmico, asociado a expresiones no verbales que manifiestan una interioridad cargada de sentido. Estos hallazgos contribuyen a la comprensión de la formación de símbolos, con la descripción de sus formas internas y externas, entendiendo la experiencia humana como única, total y holista.
Comparison of Quality of Scientific Articles from Latin America and Other Regions
Authors: Sampaio Maria Imaculada Cardoso , Silva Gabriela Andrade , Meyer Sonia Beatriz
Published: November 2018

This paper describes a study comparing articles from Latin America and other regions, to assess the quality of both methodology and results presentation. These articles were included in a systematic review about the prevalence of postpartum depression. The study is of the documentary research type with critical analysis of the literature. Two independent reviewers performed the critical analysis of the studies. The quality of the articles was measured according to the Loney Scale. Statistical analysis was applied and the hypotheses were tested through the usage of non-parametric tests. Thirty-four Latin American studies were identified, evaluated, and compared to a random sample of thirty-four articles from other regions. The quality of the methodology and results of the two groups of articles did not show a significant difference. In both cases, quality was found to be low. Scientific articles are evidences that can support decision-making both in the clinical practice and in public policymaking. For authors to generate scientific articles of quality that are reliable evidence is necessary to build the capability of researchers in developing rigorous methodologies to generate consistent results.
Design of a Self-esteem Scale for Schoolchildren: EVA 2015
Authors: De Tejada Lagonell Miren Dunixe , Sidera Francesc , Gras Maria Eugènia , Mera Delia
Published: November 2018

Background. We designed and validated a Self-Esteem Scale for Catalan and Venezuelan schoolchildren, with the joint aims of both examining its psychometric properties and emergent factors, and comparing its behaviour between the two communities. Method. Data collection was conducted twice: a pilot (300 schoolchildren) and a final test (636 schoolchildren aged from 6 to 9 years). Results. A factor analysis (principal component analysis) of the Catalan sample conformed a final instrument with 19 items organized into 4 factors: Social acceptance, Negative emotions, School satisfaction, and Self-assessment. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on the Venezuelan sample, and the method of maximum likelihood estimation suggested a good fit (CFI = 0.94; RMSEA = 0.039). Conclusions. The factors emerging from the scale suggest different dimensions of self-esteem at the beginning of school age.
Diseño y validación de una escala para evaluar el Riesgo Suicida (ERS) en adolescentes colombianos
Authors: Bahamón Muñetón Marly Johana , Alarcón-Vásquez Yolima
Published: November 2018

El objetivo del estudio fue construir y validar una escala para la evaluación del riesgo suicida en adolescentes. Los ítems iniciales se elaboraron con base en la revisión bibliográfica y se sometió a evaluación de expertos con el fin de analizar aspectos teóricos y lingüísticos. La muestra fue de 537 adolescentes entre 13 y 18 años, con una media de 15.2 (DE = 1.1), 268 hombres (49.9 %) y 269 (50.1 %) mujeres. La consistencia interna total del instrumento fue de 0.934; las escalas mostraron alfa de Cronbach entre 0.71 y 0.929; se aplicó el omega de Mcdonald con el uso del software R y los resultados fueron muy similares. Se realizó análisis factorial exploratorio método VARIMAX y análisis factorial confirmatorio con el uso del programa estadístico AMOS. Los análisis de ítems, correlación y efectos de suelo y techo mostraron correlaciones entre 0.411** y 0.784** con el puntaje global. Las correlaciones de los ítems con las dimensiones fluctuaron entre 0.71** y 0.908**. Una vez obtenida la agrupación de los ítems en cuatro factores, se hallaron correlaciones significativamente altas entre las subescalas con el puntaje global (0.749**a 0.868**). En conclusión, el instrumento constituye una medida válida y confiable para la evaluación del riesgo suicida en adolescentes colombianos.
Estudio cualitativo sobre los significados de la Medicina Complementaria y Alternativa para el cáncer en estudiantes de Ciencias de la Salud
Authors: Palacios-Espinosa Ximena , Barbieri Irene , Enciso Osorio Maria Alejandra , Junca Olea Camila Andrea
Published: November 2018

Las representaciones sociales (RS) han sido desde siempre un concepto fundamental para la psicología (Moscovici, 1973). El presente estudio cualitativo utiliza el concepto de RS aplicado al campo de la Salud, con el objetivo de analizar las RS de la Medicina Complementaria y Alternativa (MCA) para el cáncer en estudiantes de Ciencias de la Salud, utilizando el análisis temático. Los resultados indican que las RS de la MCA se han elaborado con base en elementos muy diversos, pero donde prevale una objetivación y un anclaje de la MCA en lo que es común y familiar, más que en el conocimiento científico. Lo anterior para reflexionar sobre la formación de los futuros profesionales y sus prácticas en la cura del cáncer.
French People’s Views on the Appropriateness of Disclosing an Unsolicited Finding in Medical Genetics: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Rosier Marion , Guedj Myriam , Calvas Patrick , Julia Sophie , Garnier Christelle , Cambon-Thomsen Anne , Muñoz Sastre Maria Teresa
Published: November 2018

With progress in medical genetics, genome-sequencing techniques are becoming more and more efficient. However, these genetic tests may lead to the detection of unsolicited genetic findings, i.e. findings that are not the primary purpose of the screening. New ethical issues have emerged, in particular the question of whether to disclose these unsolicited findings to the patient or not. Forty-seven patients under supervision in a Medical Genetics service, 15 health professionals and 107 members of the French general population expressed their opinion regarding the appropriateness of disclosing an unsolicited high penetrance genetic finding in 36 scenarios containing three pieces of information on: a) patient information and consent;b) possibility of prevention and treatment of the detected genetic disease; and c) disclosure of the results by the physician (e.g., no disclosure of the unsolicited results). Four positions were found that were called Respect for patient’s autonomy, Beneficence to patient, Non-maleficence, and Always appropriate.
Inserción Social de los Refugiados Colombianos en Manaos, Brasil
Authors: De Souza Julio César Pinto , Aguilar Calagare Marcelo Gustavo
Published: November 2018

Este artículo describe el proceso de inserción social de las familias de refugiados colombianos en Manaos (Amazonas, Brasil), discutiendo cuestiones de identidad cultural y de conflictos con la sociedad local. La investigación cualitativa de carácter exploratorio-descriptivo se realizó en dos etapas: a) investigación documental del banco de datos de la pastoral del migrante, que identifica el perfil de los refugiados (género, edad, escolaridad y ciudad de origen), especialmente colombianos, que estuvieron en Manaos entre enero del 2013 y diciembre del 2014; b) entrevista semiestructurada con las familias establecidas en la ciudad. Analizamos los datos por estadística descriptiva y análisis de contenido, respectivamente. De las 159 personas que solicitaron refugio, 90 eran colombianos que huyeron de su país por causa de la inseguridad y la violencia de las fuerzas paramilitares. La inserción social de las únicas 4 familias que se asentaron en la ciudad fue facilitada por la acogida de la pastoral, pero el idioma, los conflictos familiares, de trabajo y vivienda hicieron más difícil la estadía en la nueva ciudad. Las costumbres y tradiciones fueron importantes para mantener la identidad colombiana, aunque el miedo a ser identificado por otros compatriotas hizo que no se incorporaran al grupo. Hay prejuicio y discriminación de los grupos locales sobre los refugiados colombianos. Concluimos que, a pesar de haber una ley para refugiados en Brasil, no hay ninguna estrategia que facilite la inserción social en la sociedad local.
Effective Anaerobic Bio-Treatment of Fresh Leachate From Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Plant by Full-Scale Internal Circulation Reactor
Authors: Wang Tao , Huang Zhenxing , Ren Hongyan , Miao Hengfeng , Zhao Minxing , Ruan Wenquan
Published: November 2018

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the full-scale internal circulation (IC) reactor in biodegrading of municipal solid waste (MSW) fresh leachate under mesophilic conditions, where the anaerobic process stability, biogas yield, and sludge granulation were intensively investigated. The effects of operational parameters on the influent organic loading rate (OLR), chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency, alkalinity (ALK), pH, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) accumulation, and effluent recirculation were also studied. The results showed that the reactor operated stably and effectively. The COD removal efficiency and biogas yield could be maintained at (92.8 ± 2.0)% and (0.47 ± 0.05) m3/kg CODremoval, respectively, with the influent OLR (24.5 ± 0.9) kg COD/(m3 d) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) 2.7d during the stable operation phase. Meanwhile, this study demonstrated that 1.5–3.0 m/h would be the optimal Vup for the reactor, corresponding to the effluent recirculation of 32.5–78.0 m3/h. Moreover, it was found that the content of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in the anaerobic sludge increased from 50.3 to 140.7 mg/g volatile suspended solids (VSS), and the sludge had good granular performance during the reactor operation.
A Generalized Procedure for Pipeline Hydraulic Components in Quasi-Two-Dimensional Unsteady Flow Analysis
Authors: Kim Hyunjun , Kim Sanghyun
Published: November 2018

Quasi-two-dimensional (2D) modeling of unsteady flow is important for the accurate prediction of flow and pressure in pipeline systems. In this study, a generalized method is developed to consider various inline components such as junctions and inline valves for quasi-2D method of characteristic (MOC). The occurrence of vaporous cavitation is incorporated into the developed scheme under transient conditions. To address the discharge and pressure profile at the generalized component, a procedure is proposed to obtain the convergence satisfying the characteristic equations and hydraulic structure function. The validity of the developed method is tested for two different pipeline systems. Good agreements of transient pressure between simulations and experimental results are obtained, thus demonstrating the predictability of the developed method for junctions and inline valves with vaporous cavitation.