bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent HIV Infection Surveillance Using a Rapid Test for Recent Infection among Persons Newly Diagnosed with HIV in Thailand: Establishment, Implementation, Initial outcomes, and Lessons Learned (Preprint)
Authors: Srithanaviboonchai Kriengkrai , Yingyong Thitipong , Tasaneeyapan Theerawit , Suparak Supaporn , Jantaramanee Supiya , Roudreo Benjawan , Tanpradech Suvimon , Chuayen Jarun , Kanphukiew Apiratee , Naiwatanakul Thananda , Aungkulanon Suchunya , Martin Michael , Yang Chunfu , Parekh Bharat , Northbrook Sanny Chen
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

A recent infection testing algorithm (RITA) incorporating case surveillance (CS) with the rapid test for recent HIV infection (RTRI) was integrated into HIV testing services in Thailand.

OBJECTIVE

To describe the establishment of the recent HIV infection surveillance and report lessons learned and initial outcomes from April through August 2022

METHODS

We conducted desk reviews, developed a surveillance protocol and manual, selected sites, trained staff, implemented surveillance, and analyzed outcomes. Remnant blood specimens of consenting newly diagnosed individuals were tested using the AsantéTM HIV-1 Rapid Recency® Assay. Duration of HIV infection was classified as RTRI-recent or RTRI-long-term. Individuals testing RTRI-recent with CD4<200 or opportunistic infections were classified as RITA-CS-long-term.

RESULTS

Two hundred and one hospitals in 14 high-burden HIV provinces participated in surveillance. Of these, 69 reported ≥1 HIV diagnosis during the surveillance period. Of 1,053 newly diagnosed cases, 64 (6.1%) were classified as RITA-CS-recent. Self-reporting as transgender women (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 7.41, 95% CI: 1.59-34.53) and men who have sex with men (AOR: 2.59, 95% CI: 1.02-6.56) compared to heterosexual, and students compared to office worker or employer (AOR: 3.76, 95% CI: 1.25-11.35) were associated with RITA-CS-recent infection in multivariate analysis. Proper selection of surveillance sites, utilizing existing surveillance tools and systems, and conducting frequent follow up and supervision visits were most commonly cited as lessons learned to inform the next surveillance phase.

CONCLUSIONS

Recent HIV infection surveillance can provide an understanding of current epidemiologic trends to inform HIV prevention interventions to interrupt ongoing or recent HIV transmission. Key success factors of the HIV recent infection surveillance in Thailand include a thorough review of the existing HTS service delivery system, a streamlined workflow, strong laboratory and health services, and regular communication between sites and the Provincial Health Offices.
La vivencia del confinamiento y el contagio por COVID-19: experiencias entre afrodescendientes
Authors: Quecha Reyna Citlali
Published: August 2024

La experiencia de la pandemia ocasionada por el sars-CoV-2 ha trastocado de manera significativa nuestra otrora normalidad. Los sucesos descritos en este libro colectivo son sólo un ejemplo de las especificidades y las respuestas diferenciadas ante esta enfermedad de acuerdo con los contextos regionales del país. En este capítulo presento algunos de los escenarios vividos en las comunidades afrodescendientes de la región de la Costa Chica en el pacífico mexicano, en particular en las comunidades del municipio de Pinotepa Nacional,Oaxaca y Cuajinicuilapa, Guerrero. Compilé la información aquí vertida en diferentes momentos del contexto pandémico: a través de llamadas telefónicas y video llamadas por WhatsApp a lo largo del año 2020 y 2021, y con una estancia de trabajo de campo en diciembre de este último año en los lugares referidos.
Vivienda y condiciones de vida de la población jornalera migrante: asignatura pendiente y nuevos desafíos tras la pandemia
Authors: Sánchez Saldaña Kim , Saldaña Ramírez Adriana
Published: August 2024

En este capítulo se reflexiona sobre los principales problemas que enfrentó la población jornalera agrícola en México durante la pandemia de COVID-19, centrando la discusión en las condiciones de la vivienda temporal de quienes deben pernoctar por semanas o meses en las regiones en las que se emplean. Ello se debe a que la información disponible indica que la vivienda fue, junto con el transporte, uno de los espacios de mayor riesgo de contagio que se registraron, a la vez que reflejó la desigual aplicación de medidas sanitarias por las personas jornaleras y sus empleadores, así como el dudoso compromiso de estos últimos por procurarles ambientes seguros en distintas regiones agrícolas. A la luz de tales evidencias, se hacen recomendaciones para recuperar los albergues comunitarios para la población jornalera migrante, pues se considera que tales espacios pueden ofrecer condiciones favorables para la intervención del Estado en la mitigación del impacto de cualquier contingencia sanitaria y, en general, para promover, respetar, proteger y garantizar los derechos humanos y laborales de estos colectivos. El artículo se divide en los siguientes apartados. En primer lugar, se presenta un breve panorama sobre la población jornalera en México y, especialmente, de las actuales tendencias en los mercados de trabajo rural más dinámicos donde se emplean las y los trabajadores migrantes ciertas temporadas del año. En segundo lugar, se hace un recuento de las principales consecuencias que ha tenido la pandemia en este sector que, al considerarse personas trabajadoras esenciales, continuaron laborando, pero no por ello dejaron de padecer contratiempos relacionados con la dificultad de aplicar el plan nacional de prevención y confinamiento. En tercer lugar, y con el objetivo de abrir el debate sobre las posibilidades de atención a la población jornalera en general, y en situaciones de emergencia sanitaria en particular, se focaliza el problema de la vivienda temporal aspecto fundamental de sus condiciones de salud y bienestar en los lugares de destino.1 En cuarto término, y considerando la problemática antes señalada, se plantea la necesidad de incorporar la perspectiva sindémica para comprender la forma múltiple en la que el COVID-19 impactó la población jornalera, cuyo acceso desigual a un entorno saludable la hizo más propensa que otros trabajadores al contagio o a fatales consecuencias. Se recuperan planteamientos de investigadores del área de la antropología médica, la medicina familiar y otras disciplinas afines.
Emergencia COVID-19 y el derecho internacional de la salud
Authors: Estrada Adán Guillermo Enrique
Published: August 2024

La explosiva tríada conformada por la movilidad humana, la emergencia por COVID-19 y el cambio climático acaparan los espacios científicos, intergubernamentales, jurídicos, no estatales, políticos de la vida contemporánea.2 Complejas, globales, ulti/interdisciplinarias,3 son fenómenos que exigen aproximaciones desde perspectivas distintas, pero con la necesidad de ofrecer soluciones urgentes. En eso se nos va la vida misma y la del planeta. Nos ocupamos en estudiar las causas y, desde la visión jurídica, la apuesta fundamental es por encontrar la mejor manera de regular y, cada vez más, de gobernar. La emergencia sanitaria decretada en enero de 2020 por la OMS y todavía sin fecha para el final, pone en la misma vía ambas situaciones, la de la crisis de un sistema sanitario mundial pensado, sobre todo, a partir de organizaciones con un fuerte modelo de cooperación interestatal (es, por tanto, una crisis del derecho internacional), y la emergencia de un contexto peligroso y débil, para los derechos y para un orden jurídico nacional e internacional. En este texto, a partir de la existencia de un pretendido derecho internacional de la salud humana (en el marco de la fragmentación o integración del derecho internacional) como un derecho en crisis, se plantea que el control de convencionalidad revisitado (una suerte de control de convencionalidad 2.0), se realice a partir de normas internacionales de mayor alcance, un control que, además, tenga en la solidaridad una brújula interpretativa que permita acomodar mejor las reglas en el tránsito de la emergencia por COVID-19, y también con una prospectiva esperanzadora para el mundo después de ella.
Los controles intraorgánicos e interorgánicos hacia el poder ejecutivo durante una emergencia sanitaria nacional
Authors: Barceló Rojas Daniel Armando
Published: August 2024

Sobre la base de la observación de acontecimientos de siglos anteriores y del presente que han conmocionado al mundo y a los Estados Nacionales de Occidente, afirma Diego Valadés que tales fenómenos impelen transformaciones políticas, económicas y sociales, bien sea para evitar que se repitan o para reducir sus efectos nocivos. Y señala que si bien aún nos encontramos viviendo la pandemia del virus sars-cov-2 al momento en que él escribe, se puede afirmar con certeza que se ha constituido como una crisis con fuerza normativa. Dice: “Si bien es muy temprano para trazar la ruta por la que transitarán las instituciones públicas, hay suficientes elementos para hipotetizar que la fuerza normativa de la crisis se proyectará, entre otras áreas sensibles del Estado, al sistema representativo, a las relaciones internacionales y al laicismo”. En la esfera pública mexicana aún no se han manifestado las fuerzas políticas para emprender cambios sistemáticos que reviertan las lagunas normativas e institucionales que la experiencia del COVID-19 ya ha desvelado con toda claridad, y que se deben abordar para responder tanto a pandemias similares que el futuro deparé, como a efectos destructivos provocados por el cambio climático. El Congreso sólo adaptó normas de derecho parlamentario para que las sesiones de trabajo de las cámaras se pudieran realizar por medios virtuales cuando no fuera posible acudir físicamente a los recintos parlamentarios. Pero las decisiones sobre el tratamiento público de los efectos colaterales económicos y sociales de las medidas sanitarias, los procedimientos de control del gobierno, así como la participación del Congreso para la reasignación del presupuesto durante emergencias sanitarias, no ha sido objeto de modificaciones, y de igual forma en los estados.
Autoridades, partidos políticos y ciudadanía durante el proceso electoral 2020-2021
Authors: Garza Onofre Juan Jesús
Published: August 2024

En retrospectiva y una vez que la emergencia sanitaria provocada por COVID-19 ha podido (medianamente) controlarse en ocasión de la producción masiva de vacunas y la instauración definitiva de ciertas medidas preventivas para evitar que el virus en cuestión siga propagándose, la verdad es que teorizar sobre una pandemia de estas dimensiones resulta bastante sencillo… Sencillo en el sentido de que lo desconocido pierde su carácter novedoso, la extrañeza se torna cotidianidad y los alcances de lo inexplorado terminan por develar sus límites. Y es que incluso la denominada “nueva normalidad”—ese tramposo e incomprensible término acuñado tan solo unos meses después del advenimiento de la enfermedad y de la recepción de sus múltiples impactos globales— encierra el entendimiento de la emergencia como acontecimiento efímero, revelando la necesidad de una nueva comprensión de la vida para nominar lo extraño, pero sin algún atisbo de alarma, sorpresa o terror; para advertir el paso del tiempo como algo inevitable independientemente de los eventos que ocurran durante su transcurso, porque incluso la propia alusión al año 2019 en el nombre del virus deja entrever el anhelo por evitar que el futuro se convierta en esa palabra que usamos para referirnos a lo que ya no podemos imaginar. en los tres apartados subsecuentes, se reflexionará sobre: 1) el desempeño de las autoridades electorales, con énfasis en la organización administrativa de los comicios; 2) el trabajo global realizado por aquellas personas que ejercieron una candidatura en la elección pasada (destacándose el papel que tuvieron los partidos políticos), y 3) la participación de la ciudadanía en general; cabe recalcar que cada una de las partes que conforman esta triada, en mayor o menor medida, cambió por completo su comportamiento en ocasión de la pandemia respecto al proceso electoral 2020-2021, de ahí la importancia de dejar constancias sobre cómo ejecutaron sus actividades en aras de obtener lo ambicionado. Por último, a manera de cierre, se presenta la conclusión de todo lo desarrollado.
Introducción: El Estado de derecho mexicano frente a la pandemia por COVID-19
Authors: Salmorán Villar María de Guadalupe , Salazar Ugarte Pedro
Published: August 2024

De acuerdo con el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo, la pandemia de coronavirus (o COVID-19) es la crisis de salud global que define nuestro tiempo y el mayor desafío que la humanidad ha enfrentado desde la Segunda Guerra Mundial. El COVID-19 se ha llevado millones de vidas, ha contribuido enormemente a potenciar las desigualdades sociales y económicas, afectando mayormente a los más vulnerables, y podría conducir a una década perdida para el desarrollo (ONU, Informe para el Desarrollo Sostenible 2021). La pandemia no sólo trajo consigo importantes desafíos para los sistemas de salud pública y la economía global, puso a prueba el funcionamiento de la democracia y el mantenimiento del Estado de derecho en diversas partes del mundo. Como en otras latitudes, el Gobierno mexicano se vio obligado a implementar decisiones, algunas veces apresuradas, ante una urgencia socialmente apremiante y cambiante. El peligro era que la pandemia por COVID-19 sirviese de pretexto para ignorar al Estado de derecho, reforzar el poder del órgano ejecutivo, mediante la concesión de poderes extraordinarios en detrimento de los demás poderes públicos, y limitar los derechos fundamentales de las personas de manera excesiva e injustificadamente, en nombre de salvaguardar la salud pública. En ese sentido, el objetivo del presente volumen es contribuir a la comprensión de las repercusiones de la emergencia sanitaria por COVID-19 en el Estado de derecho mexicano. Para lograrlo hemos invitado a un nutrido grupo de autores y autoras del Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (IIJ-UNAM) que, desde diversas perspectivas, aporten valiosas reflexiones sobre el tema. Presentamos un total de once contribuciones. Cada una de las reflexiones tienen un carácter provisional y coyuntural, antes que una cualidad totalizadora y definitiva.
Conversion of Speech to Text: Transcribe and Translate Using Whisper AI on iOS
Authors: V Dr. Shilpa
Published: August 2024

Abstract: This thesis investigates the implementation and efficiency of Whisper AI for transcribing and translating speech to text on iOS devices. Leveraging a large-scale weakly supervised dataset, Whisper AI demonstrates robust performance across multiple languages and tasks. The study explores its architecture, implementation on iOS, and performance comparisons with existing models. Findings indicate significant potential for real-world applications, despite some computational and accuracy challenges.
REABILITAÇÃO COM PRÓTESES OBTURADORAS EM PACIENTES APÓS MAXILECTOMIA: Uma revisão integrativa de literatura
Authors: Patricio Amanda de Melo , Barroso Carlos Eduardo Oliveira Figueredo , Ayres Isabela Moreno , Ferreira Jéssica Delazari , Bueno Joelma Rosa , Oliveira Pedro Nardson Avelino de
Published: August 2024

Maxillectomy is used for the removal of neoplastic tissues in the maxilla and adjacent regions. Defects in the maxilla resulting from this surgical approach generally lead to physical dysfunctions and compromise oral function, including problems with chewing, swallowing, and speech, as well as aesthetic impairments. To minimize the sequelae of maxillectomized patients, the fabrication of obturator prostheses is advocated to block communication between the oral and nasal cavities, enabling functional and aesthetic recovery. This study aims to present an integrative literature review on rehabilitation with obturator prostheses after maxillectomy. The literature search included PubMed, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, ScienceDirect, and the Scientific Electronic Library Online, using a combination of the MeSH terms "Palatal Obturators," "Oral Cancer," and "Oral Rehabilitation." Studies suggest that the greater the tissue destruction, the worse the prognosis, due to greater difficulty in sealing and retaining obturator prostheses, as well as aesthetically unfavorable outcomes. Modified prostheses have superior results in terms of retention, stability, and sealing compared to conventional ones. The use of obturator prostheses is considered an effective treatment option for patients undergoing maxillectomy, as it can restore chewing and speech functions, as well as acceptable aesthetics, contributing to an improvement in quality of life. The importance of the appropriate professional approach from the beginning of treatment is emphasized, considering long-term planning and follow-up ideally.
SEQUELAS DA RADIOTERAPIA EM CAVIDADE ORAL
Authors: Almeida Maria Julia da Silva Rodrigues de , Joaquim Liliane Novaes , Csasznik Ana , Gomes Roberta Amorim , Jesus Fernanda Consuêlo Freire Coité Amador de , Fonseca Larissa Alves , Silva Karina Moreira da , Matias Moisés Davi Alves
Published: August 2024

The article addresses the consequences caused by radiotherapy in the oral cavity, which involves ionizing radiation to combat tumor cells. Radiotherapy can be associated with other methods, such as surgery and chemotherapy, and aims to eliminate the tumor without affecting nearby normal structures and functions. However, radiotherapy can also generate side effects on normal cells, especially in the oral cavity, causing oral sequelae. Oral sequelae are changes that harm patients' health, nutrition, speech, chewing, swallowing, breathing, aesthetics and self-esteem, in addition to interfering with treatment, causing infections, bleeding, osteoradionecrosis, necrosis, fibrosis, trismus, cavities, tooth loss, among other complications. Therefore, the text proposes a literature review on the oral sequelae of radiotherapy in the oral cavity, to identify the main oral changes, evaluate patient satisfaction and suggest strategies for preventing and controlling oral sequelae.
Implementasi Strategi Promosi untuk Meningkatkan Jumlah Mahasiswa Pariwisata yang Magang di Luar Negeri Pasca Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Gresia Melinda , Astuti Ni Luh Gde Sari Dewi , Widhyandanta I Gede Dirga Surya Arya
Published: August 2024

Industri jasa agen tenaga kerja asing berdampak langsung terhadap upaya pengembangan tenaga kerja di Indonesia. Mempromosikan program layanan magang di luar negeri merupakan salah satu strategi pemasaran 4P untuk menarik minat konsumen. PT Bali Duta Mandiri adalah perusahaan berbagi pekerjaan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui strategi promosi 4P yang dapat diterapkan di PT Bali Duta Mandir. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan metode triangulasi melalui wawancara dan dokumentasi serta analisis langsung untuk mengevaluasi strategi periklanan 4P dan strategi yang diterapkan. Hasil  penelitian ini berupa strategi periklanan 4P yang diterapkan di PT Bali Duta Mandir yang memiliki kekurangan pada variasi produk dan periklanan korporat. Strategi yang layak dilakukan adalah beriklan melalui platform lain, tidak hanya Instagram tetapi juga dapat menembus media sosial Tiktok dan mengembangkan aktivitas promosi  yang mendalam untuk menjangkau pasar yang lebih luas.
 
The foreign employment agency services industry has a direct impact on workforce development efforts in Indonesia. Promoting overseas internship service programs is one of the 4P marketing strategies to attract consumer interest. PT Bali Duta Mandiri is a job sharing company. The aim of this research is to find out the 4P promotional strategies that can be implemented at PT Bali Duta Mandir. This qualitative research uses a triangulation method through interviews and documentation as well as direct analysis to evaluate the 4P advertising strategy and the strategies implemented. The results of this research are in the form of a 4P advertising strategy implemented at PT Bali Duta Mandir which has shortcomings in product variety and corporate advertising. A strategy that is feasible is to advertise via other platforms, not only Instagram but can also penetrate Tiktok social media and develop in-depth promotional activities to reach a wider market.
Point-of-Care Ultrasound Track in an Academic Family Medicine Department
Authors: Beduhn Benjamin , Schoneich Sebastian , Saunders William , O'Dwyer Marie Claire , Kelley Scott , Tucker Ryan , Capizzano Juana Nicoll
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is increasingly being employed in family medicine. Residency tracks can be an effective way to increase mastery in a specific subdiscipline for interested residents, but no studies exist on the implementation of a POCUS track in family medicine. We address this gap in the literature by assessing POCUS use by POCUS track residents compared to non-POCUS track residents and faculty in an academic family medicine department.
Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all POCUS scans completed in the first year after implementation of a family medicine residency POCUS track. Scans were analyzed by two reviewers. We compared scan volume and type between POCUS track residents, non-POCUS track residents, and faculty. A blinded quality analysis was performed on each group of scans.
Results: A total of 572 scans were completed on 536 patients over 1 year. POCUS track residents scanned significantly more than non-POCUS track residents (mean difference of 72.2, CI 59.1 to 85.4; P<.0001). The most common scan types across groups were musculoskeletal and soft tissue. POCUS track residents showed statistically improved scan quality in all scan types, while non-POCUS track residents showed statistical improvement only in soft tissue, shoulder, and abdominal aortic aneurysm scans.
Conclusions: This is the first longitudinal study of a novel academic family medicine residency POCUS track. Participation in a POCUS track can increase the number, variety, and quality of scans performed. Our curriculum can be a model for family medicine residency programs that wish to provide robust POCUS training.
Accounting errors that influence value added tax reporting quality: A study of accounting and regulation
Authors: Al Najjar Moustafa , Ghanem Mohamed Gaber , Higazi Wagdi
Published: August 2024

The aim of this study is to explore the accounting errors that influence value-added tax (VAT) reporting quality in Lebanon and to identify any additional accounting errors not considered before. The data instrument is a questionnaire; it was developed based on previous studies’ statements (Mat Jusoh et al., 2021), which were validated by a pilot test. The population selected is composed of all 1,691 practising certified public accountants in Lebanon who are registered with the Lebanese Association of Certified Public Accountants (LACPA). The results showed several accounting errors that have a significant influence on VAT reporting quality in Lebanon, including tax rate errors, cutoff period errors, errors of principle, hiding transactions errors, mathematical errors, and overreporting expenses errors. Moreover, the exploratory approach concluded that there are two main problems that influence VAT reporting quality: the unclear procedures for tax reporting and the absence of guidance regarding the extreme fluctuation of exchange rates in Lebanon. This study provides new insight and a better understanding of the accounting errors that influence VAT reporting quality.
Planning to Obtain a Graduate Accounting Degree: Survey Evidence from Accounting Seniors
Authors: Kaplan Steven E. , Samuels Janet A.
Published: August 2024

SYNOPSIS

Graduate accounting enrollments are declining, which is concerning to accounting departments and the accounting profession. However, little is known about why some accounting students seek a graduate accounting degree, whereas others do not. Our research examines senior accounting students who plan (e.g., the grad group) or do not plan (e.g., the nongrad group) to obtain a graduate accounting degree. We focus our survey around three research questions. First, we find few differences in background characteristics between the grad and nongrad groups. Second, the grad group judges the cost/benefit of obtaining a graduate accounting degree more favorably and plans to take on less incremental debt in obtaining a graduate accounting degree. Third, relative to the nongrad group, the grad group perceives a more significant increase in four key differential career beliefs from obtaining a graduate accounting degree. Accounting programs can use our results to support enrollments in graduate accounting programs.

Data Availability: Data are available from the authors upon request.

JEL Classifications: M40; M41.
The Relation between Payroll and Income Tax Avoidance
Authors: Marin Michael J.
Published: August 2024

Payroll taxes, such as contributions mandated through the Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA), are a considerable expense for businesses and a large source of government revenue. Despite the significant cost, little is known about the determinants of payroll tax avoidance. By misclassifying employees as independent contractors, firms can avoid their portion of FICA contributions and other employee-related costs. This paper uses publicly available Wage and Hour Division (WHD) compliance action data from the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) to identify employee misclassification and examine whether firms that avoid income taxes also avoid payroll taxes. This study documents two main results. First, firms with higher CashETR, indicating lower income tax avoidance, are more likely to have Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) violations detected during a WHD audit. Second, firms increase their CashETR following the discovery of FLSA violations, indicating a reduction in income tax avoidance.

Data Availability: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the U.S. Department of Labor's Wage and Hour Division.

JEL Classifications: H25; H26; K31; K34.
Association Between Low Sex Hormone–Binding Globulin and Increased Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Is Mediated by Increased Visceral and Liver Fat: Results From Observational and Mendelian Randomization Analyses
Authors: Stangl Theresa A. , Wiepjes Chantal M. , Smit Roelof A.J. , van Hylckama Vlieg Astrid , Lamb Hildo J. , van der Velde Jeroen H.P.M. , Winters-van Eekelen Esther , Boone Sebastiaan C. , Brouwers Martijn C.G.J. , Rosendaal Frits R. , den Heijer Martin , Heijboer Annemieke C. , de Mutsert Renée
Published: August 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the associations among sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), liver fat content, and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). In the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity study, 5,690 women (53%) and men (47%) without preexisting diabetes were included and followed for incident T2D. SHBG concentrations were measured in all participants, VAT was measured using MRI, and liver fat content was measured using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in a random subset of 1,822 participants. We examined associations between SHBG and liver fat using linear regression and bidirectional Mendelian randomization analyses and between SHBG and T2D using Cox regression adjusted for confounding and additionally for VAT and liver fat to examine mediation. Mean age was 56 (SD 6) years, mean BMI was 30 (SD 4) kg/m2, median SHBG was 47 (interquartile range [IQR] 34–65) nmol/L in women and 34 (26–43) nmol/L in men, and median liver fat was 3.4% (IQR 1.6–8.2%) in women and 6.0% (2.9–13.5%) in men. Compared with the highest SHBG quartile, liver fat was 2.9-fold (95% CI 2.4, 3.4) increased in women and 1.6-fold (95% CI 1.3, 1.8) increased in men, and the hazard ratio of T2D was 4.9 (95% CI 2.4, 9.9) in women and 1.8 (1.1, 2.9) in men. Genetically predicted SHBG was associated with liver fat content (women: SD −0.45 [95% CI −0.55, −0.35]; men: natural logarithm, −0.25 [95% CI −0.34, −0.16]). VAT and liver fat together mediated 43% (women) and 60% (men) of the SHBG-T2D association. To conclude, in a middle-aged population with overweight, the association between low SHBG and increased risk of T2D was, for a large part, mediated by increased VAT and liver fat.

Article Highlights
Revisiting the Pattern of Loss of β-Cell Function in Preclinical Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Martino Mariangela , Galderisi Alfonso , Evans-Molina Carmella , Dayan Colin
Published: August 2024

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from β-cell destruction due to autoimmunity. It has been proposed that β-cell loss is relatively quiescent in the early years after seroconversion to islet antibody positivity (stage 1), with accelerated β-cell loss only developing around 6–18 months prior to clinical diagnosis. This construct implies that immunointervention in this early stage will be of little benefit, since there is little disease activity to modulate. Here, we argue that the apparent lack of progression in early-stage disease may be an artifact of the modality of assessment used. When substantial β-cell function remains, the standard assessment, the oral glucose tolerance test, represents a submaximal stimulus and underestimates the residual function. In contrast, around the time of diagnosis, glucotoxicity exerts a deleterious effect on insulin secretion, giving the impression of disease acceleration. Once glucotoxicity is relieved by insulin therapy, β-cell function partially recovers (the honeymoon effect). However, evidence from recent trials suggests that glucose control has little effect on the underlying disease process. We therefore hypothesize that the autoimmune destruction of β-cells actually progresses at a more or less constant rate through all phases of T1D and that early-stage immunointervention will be both beneficial and desirable.

Article Highlights
Closed-Loop Insulin Therapy for People With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With an Insulin Pump: A 12-Week Multicenter, Open-Label Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Trial
Authors: Borel Anne-Laure , Lablanche Sandrine , Waterlot Christine , Joffray Eloïse , Barra Céline , Arnol Nathalie , Amougay Hafid , Benhamou Pierre-Yves
Published: August 2024

OBJECTIVE

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) combined with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) achieves better glycemic control than multi-injection therapy in people with type 2 diabetes. The effectiveness of closed-loop therapy needs to be further evaluated in this population.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The study objective was to measure the impact of a hybrid closed-loop device (DBLG1) compared with CSII + CGM on glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes previously treated with CSII. The randomized, controlled, crossover, two-period, open-label, and multicenter study was conducted from August 2022 to July 2023 in 17 individuals (9 to receive 6 weeks of CSII + CGM first and 8 to receive 6 weeks of closed-loop therapy first). The primary end point was the percentage time in range (TIR: 70–180 mg/dL). Secondary outcomes were other CGM-glucose metrics, physical activity, and sleep objectively measured using 1-week actimetry.

RESULTS

Data were analyzed using a modified intention-to-treat approach. Mean age was 63 (SD 9) years and 35% were women. Mean HbA1c at inclusion was 7.9% (SD 0.9). TIR increased to 76.0% (interquartile range 69.0–84.0) during the closed-loop condition vs. 61.0% (interquartile range 55.0–70.0) during the CSII + CGM condition; mean difference was 15.0 percentage points (interquartile range 8.0–22.0; P < 0.001). Analyses of secondary end points showed a decrease in time above range, in glucose management indicator, in glucose variability, and an increase in daily insulin dose. Actimetric sleep analysis showed an improvement in sleep fragmentation during closed-loop treatment.

CONCLUSIONS

Closed-loop therapy improved glycemic control more than did CSII + CGM in people with type 2 diabetes.
Real-World Use of Semaglutide for Weight Management: Patient Characteristics and Dose Titration—A Danish Cohort Study
Authors: Ladebo Louise , Ernst Martin T. , Mailhac Aurélie , Dirksen Carsten , Bojsen-Møller Kirstine N. , Pottegård Anton
Published: August 2024

OBJECTIVE

To determine patient characteristics and dose titration patterns of real-world semaglutide (Wegovy) users.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We used a population-based cohort study including Danish adults who filled semaglutide prescriptions from 12 December 2022 to 31 December 2023. Outcomes were patient characteristics, prescriber type, and dose titration patterns.

RESULTS

We identified 110,748 individuals (median age 49 years; 70% female) filling 773,708 prescriptions for semaglutide. General practitioners initiated treatment in 86%. Common comorbidities included hypertension (30%), dyslipidemia (17%), and arthrosis (17%). Only 13% reached the maximum dose of 2.4 mg by their fifth prescription, while 5.7% stopped after the first prescription. Few users (10%) followed recommended dose increases every 4 weeks. Overall, 25% filled at least one prescription of 2.4 mg, while 33–48% continued with the 1.0-mg dosage from the fourth prescription onward.

CONCLUSIONS

Real-world semaglutide users generally resembled trial participants, but few follow the dose titration schemes tested in premarket clinical trials.
Biochemical Characterization of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) Leaves Infected with Little Leaf Disease
Authors: Chauhan B. P. , Shukla Y. M. , Solanki Urja B. , Dhruv J. J.
Published: August 2024

The experiment was conducted during September, 2023 to February, 2024 at the Department of Biochemistry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India. Total 28 genotype originating from a cross between a little leaf resistance parent AB 15-06 (S. melongena) and a susceptible parent GRB 5 (S. melongena). Disease incidence recorded from 14 each of highly resistant and susceptible genotypes and their parents AB 15-06 (Resistance against little leaf disease) and GRB 5 (Susceptible against little leaf disease) were selected for biochemical attributes comprised of chlorophyll (0.73–0.98 mg g-1), moisture (76.77–97.43%), phenol (0.43–3.26 mg g-1), total soluble sugar (2.36–4.57 mg g-1), membrane injury (24.56–69.87%). Correlation analysis of biochemical characters like chlorophyll and moisture were observed negatively correlated with disease incidence while rest of biochemical parameters total soluble solids, membrane injury and phenol content were positively correlated. Membrane injury (0.254), moisture (0.026), TSS (0.030), and phenol content (0.016) showed positive skewness whereas chlorophyll (-1.318), membrane injury (-1.540), moisture (-1.543), total soluble sugar (-1.160) and phenol content (-1.626) detected negative kurtosis. GCV, PCV and heritability analysis for all biochemical characters recorded were chlorophyll (36.46%, 36.5% and 99.82%), membrane injury (61.52%, 61.96% and 98.59%), moisture (7.55%, 8.73% and 13.44%), total soluble sugar (99.39%) and phenol content (46.76%, 46.83% and 99.67%).
Como afecta la separación de los padres en un divorcio a los hijos
Authors: Ambriz Trujillo Nancy Elizabet , Olmedo Arreola Alam
Published: August 2024

La presente investigación tiene por objetivo analizar cómo les afecta a los menores la separación de los padres en un divorcio en el municipio de Juchitlán, Jalisco. Ya que el divorcio en una familia implica duelo, dolor, tristeza y enojo. Se elaboraron 14 preguntas para determinar una encuesta que después se aplicó en los habitantes de las familias afectadas dando a conocer que algunos de los niños encuestados se sienten un poco mejor cuando sus padres están separados, ya que no presencian peleas constantes. Sin embargo, desearían que sus padres no tuvieran problemas para poder estar juntos, y muchos de ellos temen que, si se casan, les espera una situación similar, algo que no desean vivir ni que experimenten sus propios hijos.
The Influence of Mother's Knowledge of Toddler Nutrition on Their Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Stunting
Authors: Siagian Ernawaty , Ramschie Putri Agape
Published: August 2024

Stunting under five in children is caused by multifactors, namely maternal knowledge of nutrition, nutritional consumption during pregnancy, limited access to services, inadequate access to sanitation and clean water. The impacts of stunting include a decrease in intelligence, vulnerability to diseases, hampering economic growth and work productivity and exacerbating inequality. The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between maternal knowledge of toddler nutrition, maternal knowledge and attitudes towards stunting. This is quantitative research with a cross-sectional approach. Data collection was carried out by giving out a 39-items questionnaire. The research population was mothers of toddlers who were treated at the Bandar Lampung Adventist Hospital. Research sampling was carried out using simple random sampling. Bivariate analysis was performed using a correlation formula, namely Pearson r. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test which was processed using SPSS. The results showed that maternal knowledge of toddler nutrition was related to maternal knowledge about stunting with a significant value of 0.007 (p<0.05). Maternal knowledge of toddler nutrition is related to maternal attitudes of stunting with a significant value of 0.009 (p<0.05).
ANALYSIS OF CUTTING FLUID ON MASS LOSS OF CARBIDE INSERT IN THE MILLING PROCESS
Authors: Nasution Arya Rudi , Affandi Affandi , Umurani Khairul , Rahmatullah Rahmatullah , Refan Muhammad
Published: August 2024

The Machining process is manufacturing in the world industry that is widely used. The coolant in the machining process functions to lower the temperature and lubricate and clean the gram in the cutting process. The application of coolant in the cutting process is to maintain the quality of the workpiece during the cutting process and also serves to improve tool life so that the tool does not wear out easily. This study aims to determine the effect of a chemical-based coolant based on dromus oil and vegetable CPO on tool wear in the face milling process and to determine whether or not the liquid is effective in reducing and slowing down tool wear. In this research, the face milling process used a grey cast iron specimen as the workpiece specimen used and also used a carbide insert chisel cutting tool with the TPKN 22 VC2 type. The research was carried out by varying the engine speed and also the coolant variation, the engine speed variations used were 80, 360 and 720 Rpm. In the process of administering coolant using the method, it is sprayed directly onto the workpiece area which is cut continuously, in the milling process with a response variable that can be in the form of data or tool wear values that have been observed and tested using a microscope test tool, using the weight (mass) method to see the wear value. This research aims to see how effective the use of vegetable- based coolant (CPO) during experiments as a coolant in the machining process aims to ensure that the final value of tool insert wear must be smaller with (CPO) compared to chemical coolant (dromus).
Caos determinístico do pêndulo elástico: um estudo usando o GeoGebra
Authors: Pereira Eliane , Sandmann André
Published: August 2024

Neste trabalho, as equações de movimento de Lagrange para o pêndulo elástico foram derivadas. As equações resultantes são resolvidas numericamente usando GeoGebra. Das soluções numéricas, foi construído um applet no GeoGebra que permite estudar o comportamento do pêndulo elástico por meio dos espaços de fases, trajetória e solução numérica. Também foi construído uma animação do sistema que permite visualizar o movimento do pêndulo elástico. O applet foi usado para investigar a dinâmica do pêndulo elástico que exibe uma dinâmica bastante interessante por ser não integrável. Analisou-se primeiramente os limites de desacoplamento do sistema, nesses limites o sistema é não caótico. Em seguida, estudou-se a sensibilidade às condições iniciais quando a mola e o pêndulo estão em ressonância, nesse caso, a maioria das condições iniciais levam a trajetórias caóticas.
Tutorial virtual de GeoGebra
Authors: Bobko Nara , Rocha Laís de Souza
Published: August 2024

Este trabalho descreve a concepção e criação do tutorial virtual "Introdução ao GeoGebra (Clássico)". Esse recurso educacional de acesso aberto foi desenvolvido com o propósito de apoiar tanto educadores quanto alunos na familiarização com o software GeoGebra. O GeoGebra é uma ferramenta amplamente reconhecida no contexto das tecnologias de informação e comunicação no ensino de matemática, devido à sua natureza dinâmica que permite aos usuários interagir com construções matemáticas. Com o objetivo de explorar plenamente o potencial desse recurso tecnológico, optamos por criar um tutorial que mantivesse essa característica distintiva. Assim, desenvolvemos um tutorial virtual, interativo e dinâmico, integrado à própria plataforma do GeoGebra.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN KUNYIT PADA RANSUM TERHADAP PERFORMA (KONSUMSI RANSUM, PERTAMBAHAN BERAT TUBUH, DAN KONVERSI RANSUM) PADA KAMBING JAWARANDU
Authors: Hr Shela Adinda , Tantalo Syahrio , Muhtarudin Muhtarudin , Adhianto Kusuma
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan kunyit pada ransum terhadap performa   (konsumsi ransum, pertamban berat tubuh, dan konversi ransum) pada kambing Jawarandu. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Oktober--November 2023, di Peternakan Rakyat Sri Kencono, Kecamatan Bumi Nabung, Kabupaten Lampung Tengah, Provinsi Lampung. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan yaitu P0: Ransum tanpa kunyit, P1:Ransum dengan penambahan kunyit 0,5 g/hari, P2: Ransum dengan penambahan kunyit 0,75 g/hari, P3: Ransum dengan penambahan kunyit 1 g/hari. Variabel yang diamati meliputi konsumsi ransum, pertambahan berat tubuh, dan konversi ransum. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dan diuji lanjut menggunakan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa persentase penambahan kunyit pada ransum berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) pada konsumsi ransum masing-masing perlakuan (P0= 707,00; P1=726,41; P2=713,00; P3=708,25) g/ekor/hari, pada pertambahan berat tubuh ternak sebesar (P0=83,33; P1= 140,00; P2=100.00; dan P3=96.67)  g/ekor/hari, dan pada konversi ransum sebesar (P0=7,79; P1=5,20; P2=7,46 ; dan P3=7,76). Disimpulkan bahwa pemberian kunyit pada ransum  menghasilkan perlakuan P1 memberikan pengaruh terbaik terhadap konsumsi ransum, pertambahan berat tubuh, dan konversi ransum dibandingkan pada perlakuan P0.
TINGKAT INFESTASI DAN JENIS PARASIT SALURAN PENCERNAAN PADA SAPI PERANAKAN ONGOLE DI KECAMATAN TULANG BAWANG UDIK KABUPATEN TULANG BAWANG BARAT
Authors: Akbar Muhamad Tri , Hartono Madi , Qisthon Arif , Siswanto Siswanto
Published: August 2024

Penelitian yang dilaksanakan pada Oktober 2022 bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat infestasi dan jenis parasit saluran pencernaan pada sapi Peranakan Ongole di Kecamatan Tulang Bawang Udik, Kabupaten Tulang Bawang Barat. Metode yang digunakan adalah survei yang dilakukan secara sensus. Jumlah sampel yang diperoleh yaitu 112 sampel yang berasal dari 34 peternak. Pemeriksaan sampel feses sapi dilakukan di Balai Veteriner, Provinsi Lampung, menggunakan metode Uji Mc. Master dan Uji Sedimentasi. Data hasil penelitian yang diperoleh disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan histogram, dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa parasit saluran pencernaan yang menginfestasi sapi Peranakan Ongole di Kecamatan Tulang Bawang Udik Kabupaten Tulang Bawang Barat sebesar 30.36%. Infestasi tertinggi terdapat pada Desa Karta sebesar 70% dan infestasi terendah terendah terdapat pada Desa Kagungan Ratu sebesar 0%. Jenis Parasit yang ditemukan pada sapi Peranakan Ongole di Kecamatan Tulang Bawang Udik Kabupaten Tulang Bawang Barat yaitu Eimeria., Paramphistomum sp., Fasciola sp., Trichuris sp., dan Strongyloides sp.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG DAUN KELOR (Moringa Oleifera) PADA RANSUM TERHADAP PERFORMA KAMBING PERANAKAN BOER
Authors: Permata Sari Lilis , Qisthon Arif , Husni Ali , Adhianto Kusuma
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dan level terbaik penambahan tepung daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) pada ransum terhadap performa kambing Peranakan Boer. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Desember 2023 sampai Januari 2024 di peternakan rakyat kambing Boer Desa Simpang Agung, Kecamatan Seputih Agung, Kabupaten Lampung Tengah, Provinsi Lampung. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) terdiri dari tiga perlakuan dan lima kelompok menggunakan 15 ekor kambing Peranakan Boer jantan dari bobot tubuh terkecil sampai yang terbesar. Perlakuan yang digunakan yaitu P0: 100% ransum basal (60% silase daun dan batang singkong + 40% konsentrat); P1: 95% ransum basal + 5% tepung daun kelor; dan P2: 90% ransum basal + 10% tepung daun kelor. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode analysis of variance (ANOVA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata konsumsi ransum sebesar P0= 662,96±198,83 gram/hari; P1=770,62±231,68 gram/hari; dan P2=727,66±184,28 gram/hari, rata-rata pertambahan bobot tubuh harian sebesar P0=68,57±36,96 gram/hari; P1=123,93±13,75 gram/hari; dan P2=94,29±25,64 gram/hari, dan rata-rata efisiensi ransum sebesar P0=10,77± 5,28%; P1=17,29±5,32%; dan P2=13,86%. Kesimpulan penelitian ini bahwa penambahan tepung daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) pada ransum dapat meningkatkan pertambahan bobot tubuh dan efisiensi ransum dengan perlakuan optimal pada level 5%.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN LEVEL SILASE PUCUK TEBU DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP KECERNAAN NDF DAN ADF PADA SAPI
Authors: Putri Dewi Annisa , Erwanto Erwanto , Muhtarudi Muhtarudi , Liman Liman
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh level penggunaan silase pucuk tebu dalam ransum terhadap kecernaan NDF dan ADF pada sapi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada September 2023--Desember 2023 yang bertempat di PT. Gunung Madu Plantations, KM 90 Terbanggi Besar, Kabupaten Lampung Tengah, Provinsi Lampung dan analisis kecernaan NDF dan ADF dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ilmu dan Teknologi Pakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Bujur Sangkar Latin (RBSL), yang terdiri dari 4 periode dan 4 perlakuan. Perlakuan yang digunakan yaitu P1: silase pucuk tebu 40% + konsentrat 60%; P2: silase pucuk tebu 50% + konsentrat 50%; P3: silase pucuk tebu 60% + konsentrat 40%; P4: silase pucuk tebu 70% + konsentrat 30%. Variabel yang diamati berupa kecernaan Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) dan Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan level tertentu silase pucuk tebu dalam ransum yang diberikan pada sapi potong berpengaruh tidak nyata (P>0,05) terhadap nilai kecernaan Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) dan kecernaan Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan level silase pucuk tebu hingga 70% dalam ransum pada sapi potong dapat digunakan karena tidak memberikan dampak negatif dan tidak mempengaruhi nilai kecernaan Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) dan kecernaan Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) sehingga silase pucuk tebu dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pakan alternatif untuk mensubtitusi konsentrat pada ransum sapi potong.