bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Possibilising food translation in children’s literature
Authors: Panou Despoina
Published: November 2022

Food is omnipresent in children’s literature, from Popeye’s Spinach to Detective Cluj’s Carpenter Gums, thus signifying its immense cultural value since cultures and societies are built upon food (Keeling and Pollard 2009, 6). Food narratives are capable of performing a number of functions ranging from evoking a sense of coziness and comfort to being a cause of temptation and power struggle, and these functions ought to come under the spotlight when translating children’s books. This article focuses on the English-Greek examination of translation patterns in the Captain Underpants series and on the critical discussion of the translation strategies that have been employed for the transferring of food items to Greek children. To this end, thirty-five examples of food references are analyzed using a purpose-built schema of translation procedures. The results indicate that translators make a conscious attempt to bring foreign dishes closer to the target language culture by adopting a variety of modification and substitution procedures. This study highlights the intrinsic role that the translation tendencies of preservation, modification, substitution, expansion, transcreation, omission, and creation play in enabling food translation, thus bringing to the fore the important yet neglected area of food translation in children’s literature which can have a profound impact not only on literary but also on translational landscapes.
Grammatical variation in World Englishes
Authors: Collins Peter
Published: November 2022

This study adopts an onomasiological, alternation-based approach to the exploration of grammatical variation
across World Englishes, using data sourced from the 1.9 billion-word Global Web-based English corpus. The macro-orientation of the
study, which investigates a set of ten alternations known to be susceptible to diachronic change, facilitates identification of a
number of general trends, including the typical advancement of the Inner Circle varieties and of the South-East Asian varieties,
the hypercentrality of American English, and the epicentrality of Indian English in South Asia. Possible explanatory factors
include colloquialisation, grammatical simplicity/complexity, developmental status, and areal proximity.
Communicating qualitative uncertainty in data visualization
Authors: Panagiotidou Georgia , Vande Moere Andrew
Published: November 2022

Qualitative uncertainty refers to the implicit and underlying issues that are imbued in data, such as the
circumstances of its collection, its storage or even biases and assumptions made by its authors. Although such uncertainty can
jeopardize the validity of the data analysis, it is often overlooked in visualizations, due to it being indirect and
non-quantifiable. In this paper we present two case studies within the digital humanities in which we examined how to integrate
uncertainty in our visualization designs. Using these cases as a starting point we propose four considerations for data
visualization research in relation to indirect, qualitative uncertainty: (1) we suggest that uncertainty in visualization should
be examined within its socio-technological context, (2) we propose the use of interaction design patterns to design for it, (3) we
argue for more attention to be paid to the data generation process in the humanities, and (4) we call for the further development
of participatory activities specifically catered for understanding qualitative uncertainties. While our findings are grounded in
the humanities, we believe that these considerations can be beneficial for other settings where indirect uncertainty plays an
equally prevalent role.
Development of Müller cell-based 3D biomimetic model using bioprinting technology
Authors: Jung Sung Suk , Son Jeonghyun , Yi Soo Jin , Kim Kyungha , Park Han Sang , Kang Hyun-Wook , Kim Hong Kyun
Published: November 2022

Müller cells are the principal glial cells for the maintenance of structural stability and metabolic homeostasis in the human retina. Although various in vitro experiments using two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cell cultures have been performed, the results provided only limited results because of the lack of 3D structural environment and different cellular morphology. We studied a Müller cell-based 3D biomimetic model for use in experiments on the in vivo-like functions of Müller cells within the sensory retina. Isolated primary Müller cells were bioprinted and a 3D-aligned architecture was induced, which aligned Müller cell structure in retinal tissue. The stereographic and functional characteristics of the biomimetic model were investigated and compared to those of the conventional 2D cultured group. The results showed the potential to generate Müller cell-based biomimetic models with characteristic morphological features such as endfeet, soma, and microvilli. Especially, the 3D Müller cell model under hyperglycemic conditions showed similar responses as observed in the in vivo diabetic model with retinal changes, whereas the conventional 2D cultured group showed different cytokine and growth factor secretions. These results show that our study is a first step toward providing advanced tools to investigate the in vivo function of Müller cells and to develop complete 3D models of the vertebrate retina.
Intermediate determinism in general probabilistic theories
Authors: Wright Victoria J
Published: November 2022

Quantum theory is indeterministic, but not completely so. When a system is in a pure state there are properties it possesses with certainty, known as actual properties. The actual properties of a quantum system (in a pure state) fully determine the probability of finding the system to have any other property. We will call this principle, wherein the deterministic elements of a theory completely characterise the probabilistic elements, intermediate determinism. In dimensions of at least three, intermediate determinism in quantum theory is guaranteed by the structure of its lattice of properties. This observation follows from Gleason’s theorem, which is why it fails to hold in dimension two. In this work we extend the idea of intermediate determinism from properties to measurements. Under this extension intermediate determinism follows from the structure of quantum effects for separable Hilbert spaces of any dimension, including dimension two. Then, we find necessary and sufficient conditions for a general probabilistic theory to obey intermediate determinism. We show that, although related, both the no-restriction hypothesis and a Gleason-type theorem are neither necessary nor sufficient for intermediate determinism.
Examining the Impact of Breast Augmentation vs Hormone Therapy on Chest Femininity of Transgender Women
Authors: Zhu Agnes , Callori Steven , Boonipat Thanapoom , Hebel Nathan , Jorge-Martinez Jorys
Published: November 2022

Background

For transgender women, there is often the innate assumption that surgical breast augmentation will increase perceived chest femininity beyond hormone therapy alone.

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate whether lay individuals found surgically augmented breasts more feminine than breast development from hormone replacement therapy alone in transgender patients.

Methods

We obtained preoperative (maximal breast growth on hormone therapy) and postoperative chest (after primary augmentation) images of 22 transgender patients, and age- and BMI-matched cisgender male (n = 17) and female (n = 21) control patients. Survey respondents (n = 271) rated each image on a scale of 1 (very feminine) to 5 (very masculine). Results were compared by survey respondent gender identity and sexual orientation.

Results

There was a significant difference in mean femininity score between all image types. Mean score for transgender patients fell by 0.478 points after surgery (P < .0001). Subgroup analysis looking at transgender participants revealed the same significance trend postoperatively. Transgender respondents also found no difference in femininity between female controls and postoperative transgender patients (P = .132). We also compared mean femininity scores across 4 self-identified respondent subgroups: cisgender and heterosexual, cisgender and lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB), transgender and heterosexual, and transgender and LGB. The cisgender and heterosexual subgroup rated the postoperative transgender patients more feminine than any of the other respondent subgroups (LGB P < .001, transgender and LGB P < .001, transgender only P = .018).

Conclusions

This study shows that breast augmentation significantly increased the perception of femininity. Furthermore, gender identity and sexual orientation are important in how lay persons perceive transgender patients.

Level of Evidence: 4
Intraorbital Fixation Midface Lift
Authors: Bitik Ozan
Published: November 2022

Background

Subperiosteal midface lift provides a comprehensive solution to the soft tissue component of midfacial aging. However, midfacial aging also has a skeletal component that is rarely addressed with conventional mid-facelift techniques. Moreover, many of the adverse outcomes after a mid-facelift are closely related to failures and limitations of mid-face fixation. The author's technique was designed to overcome these limitations.

Objectives

The author aimed to describe the rationale, technical details, and outcomes of the author's mid-facelift technique with intraorbital fixation.

Methods

This study was a retrospective review of 82 nonconsecutive cases where the intraorbital fixation mid-facelift was performed by the author between September 2016 and December 2021. Patient data were obtained from patient records and standardized photography. Preoperative differences in mid-face volume were assessed utilizing the Allergan midface volume deficit scale on standardized photography.

Results

The average mid-face volume deficit score significantly improved after surgery. Failure of fixation, flat midface deformity, and relapse of mid-face ptosis were not seen in any of the primary patients. Infraorbital hollow did not recur in any of the patients operated on with this technique. None of the primary patients (0/58) in this series developed ectropion or permanent lower eyelid malposition.

Conclusions

Intraorbital fixation mid-face lift is an effective and durable surgical option for the treatment of midfacial aging. The technique is applicable in problem cases such as negative vector patients, negative canthal tilt patients, male patients with large bags, and secondary lower blepharoplasties where conventional techniques tend to fail.
beeRapp: an R shiny app for automated high-throughput explorative analysis of multivariate behavioral data
Authors: Busch Anne Marie , Kovlyagina Irina , Lutz Beat , Todorov Hristo , Gerber Susanne
Published: November 2022

Animal behavioral studies typically generate high-dimensional datasets consisting of multiple correlated outcome measures across distinct or related behavioral domains. Here, we introduce the BEhavioral Explorative analysis R shiny APP (beeRapp) that facilitates explorative and inferential analysis of behavioral data in a high-throughput fashion. By employing an intuitive and user-friendly graphical user interface, beeRapp empowers behavioral scientists without programming and data science expertise to perform clustering, dimensionality reduction, correlational and inferential statistics and produce up to thousands of high-quality output plots visualizing results in a standardized and automated way.

Availability and implementation

The code and data underlying this article are available at https://github.com/anmabu/beeRapp.
An approach of gene regulatory network construction using mixed entropy optimizing context-related likelihood mutual information
Authors: Lei Jimeng , Cai Zongheng , He Xinyi , Zheng Wanting , Liu Jianxiao
Published: November 2022

Motivation

The question of how to construct gene regulatory networks has long been a focus of biological research. Mutual information can be used to measure nonlinear relationships, and it has been widely used in the construction of gene regulatory networks. However, this method cannot measure indirect regulatory relationships under the influence of multiple genes, which reduces the accuracy of inferring gene regulatory networks.

Approach

This work proposes a method for constructing gene regulatory networks based on mixed entropy optimizing context-related likelihood mutual information (MEOMI). First, two entropy estimators were combined to calculate the mutual information between genes. Then, distribution optimization was performed using a context-related likelihood algorithm to eliminate some indirect regulatory relationships and obtain the initial gene regulatory network. To obtain the complex interaction between genes and eliminate redundant edges in the network, the initial gene regulatory network was further optimized by calculating the conditional mutual inclusive information (CMI2) between gene pairs under the influence of multiple genes. The network was iteratively updated to reduce the impact of mutual information on the overestimation of the direct regulatory intensity.

Results

The experimental results show that the MEOMI method performed better than several other kinds of gene network construction methods on DREAM challenge simulated datasets (DREAM3 and DREAM5), three real Escherichia coli datasets (E.coli SOS pathway network, E.coli SOS DNA repair network and E.coli community network) and two human datasets.

Availability and implementation

Source code and dataset are available at https://github.com/Dalei-Dalei/MEOMI/ and http://122.205.95.139/MEOMI/.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Accountable Algorithms: Adopting the Public Law Toolbox Outside the Realm of Public Law
Authors: Williams Rebecca
Published: November 2022

It is well known that artificial intelligence, especially machine learning, has the potential for hugely beneficial impacts on all areas of life, but also carries with it dangers such as lack of transparency, over-rigidity of decision-making, negative feedback loops and unreasonable inferences. Such dangers also have the potential to be scaled across a whole area of decisions. There is, therefore, an increasing sense that we need greater accountability of algorithmic decision-making systems and it is argued here that public law and the grounds of judicial review are a ready-made toolkit specifically designed to render decision-makers accountable and to make precisely the kinds of trade-offs we will need to make between effectiveness and efficiency on the one hand and fairness on the other. These tools can therefore provide a blueprint as we work out how to govern ADM and render it accountable, even in a private context. This can take place by using the public law toolkit in interpreting existing legislation, informing future regulation and even through the exercise of a common law supervisory jurisdiction.
Utility of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in patients with stable troponin elevation
Authors: Ananthakrishna Rajiv , Rajvi Benita P , Hancock Diana E , Kholmurodova Feruza , Woodman Richard J , Patil Sanjana , Horsfall Matthew , Chew Derek P , Daril Noor Darinah Mohd , Selvanayagam Joseph B
Published: November 2022

Aims

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging has a potential role in the evaluation of symptomatic patients with stable troponin elevation; however, its utility remains unexplored. We sought to determine the incremental diagnostic value of CMR in this unique cohort and assess the long-term clinical outcomes.

Methods and results

Two hundred twenty-five consecutive patients presenting with cardiac chest pain/dyspnoea, stable troponin elevation, and undergoing CMR assessment were identified retrospectively from registry database. The study cohort was prospectively followed for major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) (defined as composite of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular readmissions). The primary outcome measure was the diagnostic utility of CMR, i.e. percentage of patients for whom CMR identified the cause of stable troponin elevation. Secondary outcome measures included the incremental value of CMR and occurrence of MACE. CMR was able to identify the cause for stable troponin elevation in 160 (71%) patients. A normal CMR was identified in 17% and an inconclusive CMR in 12% of the patients. CMR changed the referral diagnosis in 59 (26%) patients. Utilizing a baseline prediction model (pre-CMR referral diagnosis), the net reclassification index was 0.11 and integrated discriminatory improvement index measured 0.33 following CMR. Over a median follow-up of 4.3 years (interquartile range 2.8–6.3), 72 (32%) patients experienced MACE.

Conclusion

CMR identified a cause for stable troponin elevation in 7 of 10 cases, and a new diagnosis was evident in 1 of 4 cases. CMR improved the net reclassification of patients with stable troponin elevation.
Does CAP greening affect farms’ economic and environmental performances? A regression discontinuity design analysis
Authors: Varacca Alessandro , Arata Linda , Castellari Elena , Sckokai Paolo
Published: November 2022

The Common Agricultural Policy reform 2013–2020 has conditioned 30 per cent of the direct payments to greening requirements. Our study investigates whether one of these requirements, the ecological focus area (EFA) obligation, has led to environmental improvements while preserving farms’ economic sustainability. We apply a regression discontinuity design approach on a sample of Italian arable crop farms. Our results suggest that the EFA requirement has no significant effects on farms’ application of fertilisers, pesticide expenditure, crop diversification or economic performance. However, farmers reacted to the EFA requirement by changing their crop mix, mostly by increasing their share of leguminous crops.
Biharmonic Nonlinear Scalar Field Equations
Authors: Mederski Jarosław , Siemianowski Jakub
Published: November 2022

We prove a Brezis–Kato-type regularity result for weak solutions to the biharmonic nonlinear equation $$ \begin{align*} & \Delta^2 u = g(x,u)\qquad\text{in }\mathbb{R}^N\end{align*}$$with a Carathéodory function $g:\mathbb {R}^N\times \mathbb {R}\to \mathbb {R}$, $N\geq 5$. The regularity results give rise to the existence of ground state solutions provided that $g$ has a general subcritical growth at infinity. We also conceive a new biharmonic logarithmic Sobolev inequality $$ \begin{align*} & \int_{\mathbb{R}^N}|u|^2\log |u|\, \text{d}x\leq\frac{N}{8}\log \Big(C\int_{\mathbb{R}^N}|\Delta u|^2\, \text{d}x \Big), \quad\text{for } u \in H^2(\mathbb{R}^N), \; \int_{\mathbb{R}^N}u^2\, \text{d}x = 1, \end{align*}$$for a constant $0<C< \big (\frac {2}{\pi e N}\big )^2$ and we characterize its minimizers.
Research on influencing factors of asphalt pavement International Roughness Index (IRI) based on ensemble learning
Authors: Luo Zhiwei , Zhan You , Liu Yang , Zhang Allen , Lin Xiuquan , Zhang Yurong
Published: November 2022

The International Roughness Index (IRI) is one of the most commonly used indicators to measure pavement surface smoothness. This paper uses the data obtained from the Specific Pavement Studies-3 (SPS-3) of the Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program to study the influencing factors of the International Roughness Index of asphalt pavement. Pavement age, precipitation, freezing index, temperature, traffic volume, traffic load, and rutting depth are investigated to evaluate the effectiveness of four preventive maintenance treatments on asphalt pavement surface roughness. The pavement roughness model is established based on the XGBoost algorithm, with a training R2 of 0.96 and a testing R2 of 0.82. The results show that among the four preservation treatments, the IRI of thin overlay is the lowest. Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) is identified as the most significant factor for IRI evaluation, accounting for the most contribution to pavement surface roughness, followed by precipitation, rutting depth, temperature, etc.
Neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 are higher but decline faster in mRNA vaccinees compared to individuals with natural infection
Authors: Abou-Saleh Haissam , Abo-Halawa Bushra Y , Younes Salma , Younes Nadin , Al-Sadeq Duaa W , Shurrab Farah M , Liu Na , Qotba Hamda , Al-Dewik Nader , Ismail Ahmed , Yassine Hadi M , Abu-Raddad Laith J , Nasrallah Gheyath K
Published: November 2022

Background

Waning protection against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants by pre-existing antibodies elicited because of current vaccination or natural infection is a global concern. Whether this is due to the waning of immunity to SARS-COV-2 remains unclear.

Aim

We aimed to investigate the dynamics of antibody isotype responses amongst vaccinated naïve (VN) and naturally infected (NI) individuals.

Methods

We followed up antibody levels in COVID-19 messenger RNA (mRNA)-vaccinated subjects without prior infection (VN, n = 100) in two phases: phase-I (P-I) at ~ 1.4 and phase-II (P-II) at ~ 5.3 months. Antibody levels were compared with those of unvaccinated and naturally infected subjects (NI, n = 40) at ~ 1.7 (P-1) and 5.2 (P-II) months post-infection. Neutralizing antibodies (NTAb), anti-S-RBD-IgG, -IgM and anti-S-IgA isotypes were measured.

Results

The VN group elicited significantly greater antibody responses (P < 0.001) than the NI group at P-I, except for IgM. In the VN group, a significant waning in antibody response was observed in all isotypes. There was about an ~ 4-fold decline in NTAb levels (P < 0.001), anti-S-RBD-IgG (~5-fold, P < 0.001), anti-S-RBD-IgM (~6-fold, P < 0.001) and anti-S1-IgA (2-fold, P < 0.001). In the NI group, a significant but less steady decline was notable in S-RBD-IgM (~2-fold, P < 0.001), and a much smaller but significant difference in NTAb (<2-fold, P < 0.001) anti-S-RBD IgG (<2-fold, P = 0.005). Unlike the VN group, the NI group mounted a lasting anti-S1-IgA response with no significant decline. Anti-S1-IgA, which were ~ 3-fold higher in VN subjects compared with NI in P-1 (P < 0.001), dropped to almost the same levels, with no significant difference observed between the two groups in P-II.

Conclusion

Whereas double-dose mRNA vaccination boosted antibody levels, vaccinated individuals’ ‘boost’ was relatively short-lived.
The Military Women’s Health Delphi Study: A Research Agenda for the Next Decade
Authors: Trego Lori L , Middleton Molly C A , Centi Sophia , McNair Bryan , Braun Lisa , Siaki Leilani , Hopkins Dawnkimberly , Wilson Candy
Published: November 2022

Introduction

As the burgeoning roles of women afford them the opportunities to perform in all combat and combat support assignments, the impact of all environmental, occupational, physical, and psychosocial factors inherent in military training and operations on their health must be considered. A robust foundation of knowledge is necessary to ascertain, prevent, and treat the potential impacts on women’s health. However, a systematic review of the literature from 2000–2015 revealed widespread gaps in scientific knowledge of the musculoskeletal, psychological, occupational, and reproductive health of military women. The purpose of this study is to determine priorities for military women’s health (MWH) research that will serve to fill these gaps in knowledge.

Methods

An advisory group of 11 senior military and women’s health experts conducted a structured gap analysis of the results of a scoping review of literature from 2000 to 2015 and Military Health System utilization data to identify 15 topics for prioritization in MWH research. A modified e-Delphi study was conducted and consensus was achieved after two rounds. Participants (N = 32) included subject matter experts (SME) representing various professions enrolled, 23 completed both rounds. In round 1, topics were rated on forced Likert scales for relevance and feasibility to medical readiness and comments were elicited from the SMEs. Relevance and feasibility scores and themes from the comments guided the development of the round 2 survey, in which SMEs categorized the topics in terms of urgency and forced-choice ranked the priority of each topic. The quantitative data were analyzed using multilevel regression methods. Linear mixed models were fit separately on the numeric outcomes for feasibility, relevance, and urgency with research topic as the primary predictor. To analyze the rankings of research topic priority, crude and adjusted linear regression models were fit on the numeric outcome rank.

Results

The adjusted top five topics for research priorities as indicated by ranking were: genitourinary health, sleep, physical assault, behavioral health, and menstrual cycle research. The advisory group reviewed the findings in the context of Department of Defense strategic priorities and provided guidance on the design and dissemination of the MWH research agenda.

Conclusions

The MWH research agenda is a validated research agenda of high-priority research topics that will promote enduring efforts to ensure evidence-based practices and health policies for military women through research.
Global Emergence of Resistance to Fluconazole and Voriconazole in Candida parapsilosis in Tertiary Hospitals in Spain During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Trevijano-Contador Nuria , Torres-Cano Alba , Carballo-González Cristina , Puig-Asensio Mireia , Martín-Gómez María Teresa , Jiménez-Martínez Emilio , Romero Daniel , Nuvials Francesc Xavier , Olmos-Arenas Roberto , Moretó-Castellsagué María Clara , Fernández-Delgado Lucía , Rodríguez-Sevilla Graciela , Aguilar-Sánchez María-Mercedes , Ayats-Ardite Josefina , Ardanuy-Tisaire Carmen , Sanchez-Romero Isabel , Muñoz-Algarra María , Merino-Amador Paloma , González-Romo Fernando , Megías-Lobón Gregoria , García-Campos Jose Angel , Mantecón-Vallejo María Ángeles , Alcoceba Eva , Escribano Pilar , Guinea Jesús , Durán-Valle Maria Teresa , Fraile-Torres Arturo Manuel , Roiz-Mesones María Pía , Lara-Plaza Isabel , de Ayala Ana Pérez , Simón-Sacristán María , Collazos-Blanco Ana , Nebreda-Mayoral Teresa , March-Roselló Gabriel , Alcázar-Fuoli Laura , Zaragoza Oscar
Published: November 2022

Background

Candida parapsilosis is a frequent cause of candidemia worldwide. Its incidence is associated with the use of medical implants, such as central venous catheters or parenteral nutrition. This species has reduced susceptibility to echinocandins, and it is susceptible to polyenes and azoles. Multiple outbreaks caused by fluconazole-nonsusceptible strains have been reported recently. A similar trend has been observed among the C. parapsilosis isolates received in the last 2 years at the Spanish Mycology Reference Laboratory.

Methods

Yeast were identified by molecular biology, and antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing protocol. The ERG11 gene was sequenced to identify resistance mechanisms, and strain typing was carried out by microsatellite analysis.

Results

We examined the susceptibility profile of 1315 C. parapsilosis isolates available at our reference laboratory between 2000 and 2021, noticing an increase in the number of isolates with acquired resistance to fluconazole, and voriconazole has increased in at least 8 different Spanish hospitals in 2020–2021. From 121 recorded clones, 3 were identified as the most prevalent in Spain (clone 10 in Catalonia and clone 96 in Castilla-Leon and Madrid, whereas clone 67 was found in 2 geographically unrelated regions, Cantabria and the Balearic Islands).

Conclusions

Our data suggest that concurrently with the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, a selection of fluconazole-resistant C. parapsilosis isolates has occurred in Spain, and the expansion of specific clones has been noted across centers. Further research is needed to determine the factors that underlie the successful expansion of these clones and their potential genetic relatedness.
Genomic Profiling Reveals Differences in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma and Large B-Cell Lymphoma, With Subtyping Suggesting Sensitivity to BTK Inhibition
Authors: Severson Eric A , Haberberger James , Hemmerich Amanda , Huang Richard S P , Edgerly Claire , Schiavone Kelsie , Najafian Adib , Hiemenz Matthew , Lechpammer Mirna , Vergilio Jo-Anne , Lesser Glenn , Strowd Roy , Elvin Julia , Ross Jeffrey S , Hegde Priti , Alexander Brian , Singer Samuel , Ramkissoon Shakti
Published: November 2022

Background

B-cell primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma (PCL) is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) confined to the CNS. Less than 50% of patients with PCL achieve complete remission with current therapies. We describe the findings from comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) of a cohort of 69 patients with PCL, 36 cases of secondary CNS lymphoma (SCL), and 969 cases of DLBCL to highlight their differences and characterize the PCL cohort. In addition, we highlight the differences in frequency of germinal center B-cell like (GCB) and non-GCB subtypes and molecular subtypes, particularly MCD and EZH subtypes, between PCL and DLBCL.

Materials and Methods

Sixty-nine cases of B-cell PCL, 36 cases of secondary CNS lymphoma (SCL), and 969 cases of DLBCL were evaluated by CGP of 405 genes via DNAseq and 265 genes via RNAseq for fusions (FoundationOne Heme). Tumor mutational burden (TMB) was calculated from 1.23 Mb of sequenced DNA.

Results

Genomic alterations with significant differences between PCL and DLBCL included MYD88, ETV6, PIM1, PRDM1, CXCR4, TP53, and CREBBP, while only MYD88 was significantly different between SCL and DLBCL. PCL cases were significantly enriched for the MCD molecular subtypes, which have an excellent response to BTKi. We report a patient with a durable complete response to BTKi consistent with their genomic profile. EBV status, CD274 amplification, and TMB status suggest that 38% of PCL patients may benefit from ICPI; however further study is warranted.

Conclusion

CGP of PCLs reveals biomarkers, genomic alterations, and molecular classifications predictive of BTKi efficacy and potential ICPI efficacy. Given the limitations of standard of care for PCL, CGP is critical to identify potential therapeutic approaches for patients in this rare form of lymphoma.
How Can Indigenous Archaeology Address Inequality?
Authors: Hart Siobhan M.
Published: November 2022

This chapter addresses how engaging with Indigenous communities about past lives and experiences through heritage work can provide a focal point that can improve quality of life, increase sociopolitical power, and contribute to redressing structural inequalities. It identifies and examines four ways that Indigenous archaeologies address pervasive inequalities for Indigenous communities by: (1) exposing the long-term consequences of colonialism and Indigenous survivance; (2) reclaiming colonized land; (3) promoting Indigenous community capacity building; and (4) improving Indigenous community well-being.
Cucumber STACHYOSE SYNTHASE is regulated by its cis-antisense RNA asCsSTS to balance source–sink carbon partitioning
Authors: Dai Haibo , Zhang Wenyan , Hua Bing , Zhu Zihui , Zhang Jinji , Zhang Zhiping , Miao Minmin
Published: November 2022

Photosynthate partitioning between source and sink is a key determinant of crop yield. In contrast to sucrose-transporting plants, cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plants mainly transport stachyose and stachyose synthase (CsSTS) synthesizes stachyose in the vasculature for loading. Therefore, CsSTS is considered a key regulator of carbon partitioning. We found that CsSTS expression and CsSTS enzyme activity were upregulated in the vasculature and downregulated in mesophyll tissues at fruiting. In situ hybridization and tissue enrichment experiments revealed that a cis-natural antisense noncoding transcript of CsSTS, named asCsSTS, is mainly expressed in mesophyll tissues. In vitro overexpression (OE), RNA interference (RNAi), and dual luciferase reporter experiments indicated that CsSTSs are negatively regulated by asCsSTS. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed that asCsSTS transcript localized in leaf cytoplasm, indicating that the regulation of CsSTS by asCsSTS is a posttranscriptional process. Further investigation revealed that this regulation occurred by reducing CsSTS transcript stability through a DICER-like protein-mediated pathway. Chemically induced OE and RNAi of asCsSTS led to promotion or inhibition, respectively, of assimilate export from leaves and altered fruit growth rates. Our results suggest that the regulation of CsSTSs between the mesophyll and vasculature reduces sugar storage in mesophyll tissue and promotes assimilate export from the leaf when the plant carries fruit.
Sulfated GAG mimetic peptide nanofibers enhance chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in 3D in vitro models
Authors: Yaylaci Seher , Guler Mustafa O , Tekinay Ayse B
Published: November 2022

Articular cartilage, which is exposed to continuous repetitive compressive stress, has limited self-healing capacity in the case of trauma. Thus, it is crucial to develop new treatment options for the effective regeneration of the cartilage tissue. Current cellular therapy treatment options are microfracture and autologous chondrocyte implantation; however, these treatments induce the formation of fibrous cartilage, which degenerates over time, rather than functional hyaline cartilage tissue. Tissue engineering studies using biodegradable scaffolds and autologous cells are vital for developing an effective long-term treatment option. 3D scaffolds composed of glycosaminoglycan-like peptide nanofibers are synthetic, bioactive, biocompatible, and biodegradable and trigger cell–cell interactions that enhance chondrogenic differentiation of cells without using any growth factors. We showed differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocytes in both 2D and 3D culture, which produce a functional cartilage extracellular matrix, employing bioactive cues integrated into the peptide nanofiber scaffold without adding exogenous growth factors.
Determination of possible contraceptive potential of methanolic leaf extract of Mentha longifolia L. in adult male rats: a biochemical and histological study
Authors: David Mehwish , Ain Qurat Ul , Jahan Sarwat , Ahmad Mushtaq , Shah Qasim , Afsar Tayyaba , Shafique Huma , Alanezi Tariq Nahar , Almajwal Ali , Ijaz Muhammad Umar , Razak Suhail
Published: November 2022

Mentha longifolia L (ML) is locally used as an herbal contraceptive. We aim to assess the toxicity profile and validate the antifertility effects of its leaves in male rats. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 10 animals/group) were divided into four groups. The Control group received .9% saline, while groups II, III, and IV received 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg/day ML doses for 28 days. ML induced a dose-dependent decrease in percent fertility as well as the number of pups born in ML preexposed pairs, with maximum change observed in the ML3 group (60%, 3.75 ± 1.25) as compared to control (100%, 8.75 ± .48) group. A significant (P < .01) decrease in the rate of daily sperm production was observed in the ML3 group (.86 ± .16) in contrast to the control (2.93 ± .05). The levels of catalase and superoxide dismutase declined significantly in treatment groups (ML1-P < .001, ML2-P < .05, and ML3-P < .01). A significant increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (P < .001) was found in all treatment groups. The concentrations of LH (P < .001), FSH (P < .001), and testosterone (P < .001) were significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner among ML-treated groups. Decreases in spermatogonial populations, mature spermatids, seminiferous tubule diameter, lumen diameter, and epithelial height were noticed at higher doses. The reversibility study depicted a reduction in both pregnancy outcomes and litter size. Besides contraceptive effects, M. longifolia L usage is associated with oxidative stress; therefore, it is important to consume this herb appropriately and its excessive usage should be prohibited.
Fungicide Resistance of Alternaria alternata and A. arborescens Isolates from Mandarin Fruit and Its Influence on Control of Postharvest Alternaria Rot
Authors: Wang Fei , Saito Seiya , Xiao Chang-Lin
Published: November 2022

Alternaria rot, caused by Alternaria alternata and A. arborescens, is one of the common postharvest diseases affecting mandarin fruit in California. Fungicide resistance profilings of A. alternata and A. arborescens to quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs), fludioxonil, pyrimethanil, imazalil, and propiconazole were examined in this study. Of the 100 isolates of A. alternata and A. arborescens, 40 were identified as resistant to QoI fungicides according to a PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism based on a cytochrome b partial gene. Effective concentrations of fludioxonil that caused a 50% reduction in fungal growth relative to the control (EC50) were 0.089 ± 0.020 and 0.101 ± 0.032 µg/ml for 43 A. alternata and 19 A. arborescens isolates, respectively. EC50 values of pyrimethanil, imazalil, and propiconazole for the 70 A. alternata isolates tested were 0.373 ± 0.161, 0.492 ± 0.133, and 1.135 ± 0.407 µg/ml, respectively. EC50 values of pyrimethanil, imazalil, and propiconazole for 30 A. arborescens isolates were 0.428 ± 0.190, 0.327 ± 0.180, and 0.669 ± 0.452 µg/ml, respectively. Control tests on mandarin fruit inoculated with representative isolates of both species showed that fludioxonil, pyrimethanil, imazalil and propiconazole significantly reduced disease incidence and severity. Azoxystrobin significantly reduced Alternaria rot severity and incidence on mandarin fruit inoculated with sensitive isolates but not with resistant isolates, regardless of Alternaria spp. There were no significant differences in Alternaria rot control effectiveness if treatment with any of the fungicides tested was delayed after inoculation by 6 or 12 h. These results could help in the development of postharvest fungicide programs to control Alternaria rot on mandarin fruit during storage.
Association of Insurance Type With Colorectal Surgery Outcomes and Costs at a Safety-Net Hospital
Authors: Tetley Jasmine C. , Jacobs Michael A. , Kim Jeongsoo , Schmidt Susanne , Brimhall Bradley B. , Mika Virginia , Wang Chen-Pin , Manuel Laura S. , Damien Paul , Shireman Paula K.
Published: November 2022

Objective:

Association of insurance type with colorectal surgical complications, textbook outcomes (TO), and cost in a safety-net hospital (SNH).

Background:

SNHs have higher surgical complications and costs compared to low-burden hospitals. How does presentation acuity and insurance type influence colorectal surgical outcomes?

Methods:

Retrospective cohort study using single-site National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (2013–2019) with cost data and risk-adjusted by frailty, preoperative serious acute conditions (PASC), case status and open versus laparoscopic to evaluate 30-day reoperations, any complication, Clavien-Dindo IV (CDIV) complications, TO, and hospitalization variable costs.

Results:

Cases (Private 252; Medicare 207; Medicaid/Uninsured 619) with patient mean age 55.2 years (SD = 13.4) and 53.1% male. Adjusting for frailty, open abdomen, and urgent/emergent cases, Medicaid/Uninsured patients had higher odds of presenting with PASC (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.22–3.52, P = 0.009) versus Private. Medicaid/Uninsured (aOR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.28–2.55, P < 0.001) patients were more likely to undergo urgent/emergent surgeries compared to Private. Medicare patients had increased odds of any and CDIV complications while Medicaid/Uninsured had increased odds of any complication, emergency department or observations stays, and readmissions versus Private. Medicare (aOR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.33–0.88, P = 0.003) and Medicaid/Uninsured (aOR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.30–0.60, P < 0.001) patients had lower odds of achieving TO versus Private. Variable cost %change increased in Medicaid/Uninsured patients to 13.94% (P = 0.005) versus Private but was similar after adjusting for case status. Urgent/emergent cases (43.23%, P < 0.001) and any complication (78.34%, P < 0.001) increased %change hospitalization costs.

Conclusions:

Decreasing the incidence of urgent/emergent colorectal surgeries, possibly by improving access to care, could have a greater impact on improving clinical outcomes and decreasing costs, especially in Medicaid/Uninsured insurance type patients.
Quantification of Tissue Oxygen Saturation in the Vastus Lateralis Muscle of Chronic Stroke Survivors During a Graded Exercise Test
Authors: Hyngstrom Allison S. , Nguyen Jennifer N. , Uhrich Toni D. , Wright Michael T. , Gutterman David D. , Schmit Brian D. , Durand Matthew J.
Published: November 2022

Purpose:

This study examined tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) of the vastus lateralis (VL) muscles of chronic stroke survivors during a graded exercise test (GXT). We hypothesized that the reduction in StO2 will be blunted in the paretic versus nonparetic VL during a maximum effort GXT.

Methods:

Chronic stroke survivors performed a GXT, and StO2 of the VL in each leg was measured using near-infrared spectroscopy. Twenty-six stroke survivors performed a GXT.

Results:

At rest, there was no difference in StO2 between the paretic and nonparetic VL (65 ± 9% vs 68 ± 7%, respectively, P = .32). The maximum change in StO2 from rest during the GXT was greater in the nonparetic versus the paretic VL (−16 ± 14% vs −9 ± 10%, respectively, P < .001). The magnitude of the oxygen resaturation response was also greater in the nonparetic versus the paretic VL (29 ± 23% vs 18 ± 15%, respectively, P < .001). VO2 peak was associated with the magnitude of the VL StO2 change during (r2 = 0.54, P < .0001) and after (r2 = 0.56, P < .001) the GXT.

Conclusion:

During a GXT, there is a blunted oxygen desaturation response in the paretic versus the nonparetic VL of chronic stroke survivors. In the paretic VL, there was a positive correlation between the oxygen desaturation response during the GXT and VO2 peak.
Assessing Adult Patients with Facial Deformities for Injectable Treatment: Do Current Classification Systems and Methodologies Meet Important Patient Needs?
Authors: Chantrey Jonquille , Ryder Timothy J.
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

Many individuals are affected by facial deformities. Injectable aesthetic treatments can often be used to improve appearance and/or dynamic function. However, to best meet the needs of these patients, broadly applicable methodologies are required for classifying the deformity, assessing severity, and developing a treatment strategy.

OBJECTIVE

To assess whether any published systems could be used for this purpose.

METHODS

Thirty-eight searches were conducted in PubMed (1999–2019; in English). Forty-two publications were identified describing novel classification systems for adult facial deformity. They were analyzed against a checklist of 10 characteristics defining an “optimal” system—based on appropriate anatomical coverage, wide usability across types of deformity, user-friendliness, applicable underlying methodology, and ability to guide treatment with injectables.

RESULTS

None of the systems met more than 7 of the 10 checklist criteria; none were usable across multiple types of deformity or provided a recommendation for treatment with injectables.

CONCLUSION

There remains a need for a broadly applicable system for classifying adult facial deformities ahead of injectable therapy. The checklist provides a developmental framework. With the increasing popularity and accessibility of injectables, this diverse and complex demographic is at risk of mismanagement without superior methods for devising treatment strategies.
Prospective Study of 532-nm Picosecond Laser for the Treatment of Pigmented Lesions of the Face and Dorsal Hands
Authors: Friedmann Daniel P. , Timmerman Alina , Cahana Zoya
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

Pigmented lesions from chronic UV photoaging are extremely common on the face and hands.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a 532-nm picosecond laser for these types of pigmented lesions.

METHODS

This was a single-center, prospective, open-label clinical trial. Eligible subjects with pigmentation on the face and hands received 3 monthly treatments, with 1 month (1M) and 3 months (3M) follow-up. Change in investigator-graded overall facial and per lesion pigmentation and subject-graded satisfaction and pigmentation improvement was evaluated by a 5-point scale. Immediate skin response and adverse events (AEs) were evaluated post-treatment. The melanin index was measured using a mexameter. Randomized before and after photographs were graded by 3 blinded physicians for degree of pigmentation improvement.

RESULTS

Twenty-five subjects (22F/3M) with Fitzpatrick skin types I-III were enrolled, with 23 subjects completing. Treatments used a 532 nm wavelength, 800 ps pulse duration, 4-6mm spot size, and 0.1 to 0.6J/cm2 fluence. Good-to-excellent clearance at 1M/3M was demonstrated in ≥95% of lesions (n = 116). Only mild treatment-related pain was reported, with transient post-treatment AEs (mean downtime of 2.1 ± 2.0 days) and no serious treatment-related AEs. Subject satisfaction (satisfied or very satisfied) was 95% at 1M and 91% at 3M.

CONCLUSION

Treatment with a 532-nm picosecond laser is safe and highly effective for the treatment of the pigmented lesions of the face and dorsal hands.
Physicians and healthcare professionals as advocates for abortion care and reproductive choice
Authors: Carroll Smita , Joshi Devki , Espey Eve
Published: November 2022

Purpose of review

The current review discusses the overarching role of advocacy as a primary component of access to abortion care. Abortion is viewed differently from any other form of health care, resulting in a marginalized, but essential healthcare component: without ongoing effective and strategic advocacy, abortion will not become or remain available. Lack of access to abortion care disproportionately affects historically excluded communities.

Recent findings

Advocacy is core to the provision of sexual and reproductive health. The antiabortion community has effectively used policy to achieve long-term goals of severely restricting access to abortion. Crisis pregnancy centers, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the antiabortion legislation of 2022 have exacerbated existing health inequities. Community engagement and advocacy skills assist providers to support access and combat inequities. Provider and trainee education, interprofessional collaboration, and leadership are critical in the effort to support comprehensive reproductive health care.

Through this literature review and our lived experiences as abortion providers, we assert the importance of healthcare professionals as advocates for abortion rights and services. The need for advocacy crosses specialties and communities; together we are stronger advocates as we continue to support and fight for access to safe legal and equitable abortion care.