bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Anticonvulsant Activity of Pyridinyl‐Pyrrolidones: A Pharmacophore Hybrid Approach.
Authors: Siddiqui Nadeem , Ahsan Waquar , Alam M. Shamsher , Ali Ruhi , Srivastava Kamna
Published: June 2012

Several substituted pyridin‐2‐yl‐5‐oxopyrrolidine‐3‐carboxylic acids (III) (20 examples) are synthesized by clubbing the two active anticonvulsant pharmacophores, pyrrolidinones and pyridines.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Hexahydropyrrolo‐isoquinolines by an Organocatalytic Three‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Fraile Alberto , Scarpino Schietroma Daniele M. , Albrecht Anna , Davis Rebecca L. , Joergensen Karl Anker
Published: June 2012

Optically active pyrrolo‐isoquinolines are smoothly synthesized with excellent enantioselectivity by reaction of imines and α‐bromoesters or ketones with α,β‐unsaturated aromatic aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel One‐Pot Synthesis for 2,5‐Diaryl and 5‐Aryl‐pyridazin‐3(2H)‐ones.
Authors: Basanagouda Mahantesha , Kulkarni Manohar V.
Published: June 2012

Title compounds (II) are formed by ANRORC reaction of 4‐bromomethylcoumarins (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Chemosensor Activity of 2‐(Anthracen‐9‐yl)‐Substituted Imidazolidines and Hexahydropyrimidines.
Authors: Tolpygin I. E.
Published: June 2012

The title compounds (III) and (V), obtained by reaction of corresponding diamines with anthracene‐9‐carbaldehyde, exhibit chemosensor activities toward Cd2+‐, Cu2+‐, and Hg2+‐ions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Copper‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Domino Synthesis of 5,12‐Dihydroindolo[2,1‐b]quinazolines.
Authors: Jiang Min , Li Jian , Wang Feng , Zhao Yichao , Zhao Feng , Dong Xiaochun , Zhao Weili
Published: June 2012

The method allows the access to various alkaloid and drug skeletons.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Reactions of Ethyl (4,5‐Dihydrofuran‐3‐yl)‐2‐oxoacetate and Ethyl 2‐(3,4‐Dihydro‐2H‐pyran‐6‐yl)‐2‐oxoacetate with 1‐Unsubstituted Aminoazoles.
Authors: Stepaniuk Oleksandr O. , Matvienko Vitalii O. , Kondratov Ivan S. , Shishkin Oleg V. , Volochnyuk Dmitriy M. , Mykhailiuk Pavel K. , Tolmachev Andrei A.
Published: June 2012

The synthesis of 3‐acylated cyclic enones (III) is developed and their regioselective reaction with aminopyrazoles and 1,2,4‐triazoles is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: A Palladium‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Reaction for the Preparation of Quinazolin‐4(3H)‐imines.
Authors: Qiu Guanyinsheng , Liu Gang , Pu Shouzhi , Wu Jie
Published: June 2012

A novel approach to the title compounds via Pd‐catalyzed three‐component reaction of carbodiimide (I), isocyanide (II) and amines (III) and (V) or alcohols (VIII) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Some New Pyrimidoquinolines
Authors: Marjani Ahmad Poursattar , Khalafy Jabbar , Ebrahimlo Ali Reza Molla
Published: June 2012

via rearrangement of N‐quinolinyl isoxazolones (III) under mild base‐catalyzed conditions
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some New 3‐Chloro‐6‐substituted‐N‐(substituted 2H‐[1,3]oxazino[6,5‐b]quinolin‐3‐(4H,5aH,9aH)‐yl)benzo [b]thiophene‐2‐carboxamides.
Authors: Guruprasad B. V. , Mruthyunjayaswamy B. H. M.
Published: June 2012

The majority of the products show moderate to good antimicrobial and/or antifungal activities.
ChemInform Abstract: New Method for the Synthesis of Metal Complexes Based on PtIV and Substituted Nicotinamides and Isonicotinamides and Investigation of Their Antimetastatic Activity.
Authors: Fedorov B. S. , Fadeev M. A. , Kozub G. I. , Chekhlov A. N. , Konovalova N. P. , Sashenkova T. E. , Berseneva E. N. , Dobrokhotova O. V. , Tatyanenko L. V.
Published: June 2012

Metal complexes (I) show high indices of metastasis inhibition of B16 melanoma and Lewis lung carcinoma experimental tumors.
ChemInform Abstract: Water‐Soluble Monochloroplatinum(II) Complexes with Amino Acid Derived Schiff Bases as Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization and Antitumor Activity.
Authors: Li Li‐Jun , Tian Chao , Wang Zheng , Wang Guang‐Yuan , Wang Lian‐Zeng , Du Jian‐Long
Published: June 2012

Some of the new Pt(II) complexes (I) (11 examples), i.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Abieseconordines A (I) and B (II), Two Novel Norditerpenoids with a 18‐Nor‐5,10:9,10‐disecoabietane Skeleton from Abies forrestii.
Authors: Yu Ping , Zhang Shou‐De , Li Yong‐Li , Yang Xian‐Wen , Zeng Hua‐Wu , Li Hong‐Lin , Zhang Wei‐Dong
Published: June 2012

Compounds (I) and (II) demonstrate a promising inhibition of the LPS‐stimulated NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I)‐Mediated 1,2‐Metallate Rearrangements of 1‐Metallated Glycals.
Authors: Jarowicki Krzysztof , Kocienski Philip , Komsta Zofia , Wojtasiewicz Anna
Published: June 2012

The monosaccharide‐derived substrates react with organolithium compounds under conditions A) or B) with Cu(I)‐catalyzed ring‐opening to yield alkenylpolyol chains.
ChemInform Abstract: Catharoseumine, a New Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloid Possessing a Peroxy Bridge from Catharanthus roseus.
Authors: Wang Lei , He Hong‐Ping , Di Ying‐Tong , Zhang Yu , Hao Xiao‐Jiang
Published: June 2012

Preliminary studies reveal moderate cytotoxicity and potent antimalarial activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, anti‐HBV Activity and Renal Cell Toxicity Evaluation of Mixed Phosphonate Prodrugs of Adefovir.
Authors: Fu Xiao‐Zhong , Ou Yu , Pei Jian‐Ying , Liu Ying , Li Jing , Zhou Wen , Lan Yan‐Yu , Wang Ai‐Min , Wang Yong‐Lin
Published: June 2012

A series of phosphonate ester prodrugs (I) of adefovir incorporating L‐amino (thio)acid and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) moieties is synthesized and evaluated for their anti‐HBV and renal cell toxicity in HepG2 2.2.15 and HK‐2 cells, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: New Lignans from Jatropha curcas Linn.
Authors: Xu Jun Ju , Tan Ning Hua
Published: June 2012

scurcasinlignan A—D, isolated from aerial parts of the deciduous title plant
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of Copper/Zinc Solid Solutions of Hydroxyl Carbonates, Sulfates, Nitrates, Chlorides and Bromides
Authors: Yoder C. H. , Schaeffer R. W. , McWilliams P. , Rowand A. , Liu X. , Shambeda J.
Published: June 2012

Review: 29 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Basic Concepts of the Crystallization from Aqueous Solutions: The Example of Aluminum Oxy(hydroxi)des and Aluminosilicates
Authors: Jolivet Jean‐Pierre , Chaneac Corinne , Chiche David , Cassaignon Sophie , Durupthy Olivier , Hernandez Julien
Published: June 2012

Review: 55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mn—Na2WO4/SiO2 as Catalyst for the Oxidative Coupling of Methane. What Is Really Known?
Authors: Arndt S. , Otremba T. , Simon U. , Yildiz M. , Schubert H. , Schomaecker R.
Published: June 2012

Review: 92 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in Processing of Bulk Ferroelectric Materials
Authors: Galassi Carmen
Published: June 2012

Review: 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Spatial Inhomogeneity in Crystalline Materials and Saddle‐type Congruent Melting Points in Ternary Systems
Authors: Fedorov P. P. , Buchinskaya I. I.
Published: June 2012

Review: 104 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation by Hydrogen in the Chemistry and Physics of the Rare‐Earth Metals
Authors: Simon Arndt
Published: June 2012

Review: 29 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Physicochemical Characterization of Gd‐DTPA Derivatives as Contrast Agents for MRI
Authors: Laurent Sophie , Henoumont Celine , Vander Elst Luce , Muller Robert N.
Published: June 2012

Review: 157 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure—Relaxivity Relationships Among Targeted MR Contrast Agents
Authors: Caravan Peter , Zhang Zhaoda
Published: June 2012

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Manganese(II) Complexes as Potential Contrast Agents for MRI
Authors: Drahos Bohuslav , Lukes Ivan , Toth Eva
Published: June 2012

Review: 84 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Manganese‐Enhanced MRI Contrast Agents: From Small Chelates to Nanosized Hybrids
Authors: Kueny‐Stotz Marie , Garofalo Antonio , Felder‐Flesch Delphine
Published: June 2012

Review: 153 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Learning from the Neighbors: Improving Homogeneous Catalysts with Functional Ligands Motivated by Heterogeneous and Biocatalysis
Authors: Askevold Bjorn , Roesky Herbert W. , Schneider Sven
Published: June 2012

Review: 226 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Hydrocracking—Mechanisms and Versatility of the Process
Authors: Weitkamp Jens
Published: June 2012

Review: 114 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Tandem Enyzme Assays
Authors: Dsouza Roy N. , Hennig Andreas , Nau Werner M.
Published: June 2012

Review: monitoring of enzyme activity by coupling of the binding of a substrate or product to a macrocyclic receptor with the displacement of a fluorescent dye; 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry and Biology of Bicoumarins
Authors: Hussain Hidayat , Hussain Javid , Al‐Harrasi Ahmed , Krohn Karsten
Published: June 2012

Review: 163 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopentadienyl‐, Indenyl‐ and Fluorenyl‐Functionalized N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Metal Complexes: Synthesis and Catalytic Applications
Authors: Royo Beatriz , Peris Eduardo
Published: June 2012

Review: about 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: SNi′ Displacements with Main Group Organometallics.
Authors: Devambatla Ravi Kumar Vyas , Velagaleti Ranganadh , Yarravarapu Nageswari , Fleming Fraser F.
Published: June 2012

Review: ca. 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Photo‐ and Radiation Chemical Studies of Sulfur Radical Cations
Authors: Lanzalunga Osvaldo , Lapi Andrea
Published: June 2012

Review: 249 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: [2.2]Paracyclophane‐Derived Planar—Chiral Hydrogen Bond Receptors
Authors: Schneider Jakob F. , Froehlich Roland , Paradies Jan
Published: June 2012

Review: 180 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Selenium Compounds in Radical Reactions
Authors: Bowman W. Russell
Published: June 2012

Review: 140 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reversible Addition—Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization in Microemulsion
Authors: O'Donnell Jennifer M.
Published: June 2012

Review: 106 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bio‐Inspired Variable Structural Color Materials
Authors: Zhao Yuanjin , Xie Zhuoying , Gu Hongcheng , Zhu Cun , Gu Zhongze
Published: June 2012

Review: 196 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Microbial Cell Factory
Authors: Murphy Cormac D.
Published: June 2012

Review: 63 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: DNA‐Mediated Silver Nanoclusters: Synthesis, Properties and Applications
Authors: Latorre Alfonso , Somoza Alvaro
Published: June 2012

Review: 57 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorescent and Colorimetric Sensors for Detection of Lead, Cadmium, and Mercury Ions
Authors: Kim Ha Na , Ren Wen Xiu , Kim Jong Seung , Yoon Juyoung
Published: June 2012

Review: 197 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Coordination Polymers: What Has Been Achieved in Going from innocent 4,4′‐Bipyridine to Bis‐pyridyl Ligands Having a Non‐innocent Backbone?
Authors: Adarsh N. N. , Dastidar Parthasarathi
Published: June 2012

Review: 70 refs.
Polar body emission
Authors: Liu X. Johné
Published: June 2012

Generation of a haploid female germ cell, the egg, consists of two rounds of asymmetric cell division (meiosis I and meiosis II), yielding two diminutive and nonviable polar bodies and a large haploid egg. Animal eggs are also unique in the lack of centrioles and therefore form meiotic spindles without the pre‐existence of the two dominant microtubule organizing centers (centrosomes) found in mitosis. Meiotic spindle assembly is further complicated by the unique requirement of sister chromatid mono‐oriented in meiosis I. Nonetheless, the eggs appear to adopt many of the same proteins and mechanisms described in mitosis, with necessary modifications to accommodate their special needs. Unraveling these special modifications will not only help understanding animal reproduction, but should also enhance our understanding of cell division in general. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Photoactivated Nitrene Chemistry to Prepare Gold Nanoparticle Hybrids with Carbonaceous Materials
Authors: Snell Kristen E. , Ismaili Hossein , Workentin Mark S.
Published: June 2012

Photolysis of organic solvent soluble aryl azide‐modified gold nanoparticles (N3‐AuNPs) with a core size of 4.6±1.6 nm results in the generation of interfacial reactive nitrene intermediates. The high reactivity of the nitrenes is utilized to tether the AuNP to the native surface of carbon nanotubes, and reduce graphene oxide and micro‐diamond powder, likely via addition to π‐conjugated carbon skeleton or insertion into the functionalities at the surface, to yield the desired hybrid material without the need for pretreatment of the surface. The AuNP‐covalent hybrid materials are robust in that they survive vigorous washing and sonication. In the absence of photolysis no attachment occurs with the same N3‐AuNP. The nanohybrid AuNP‐nanohybrid materials are characterized using a combination of TEM, powder XRD, XPS and UV/Vis and IR spectroscopies. All of the characterization studies confirm the uniform incorporation of the AuNP on the irradiated substrates.
A Socio‐interpersonal Perspective on PTSD: The Case for Environments and Interpersonal Processes
Authors: Maercker Andreas , Horn Andrea B.
Published: June 2012

Post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common reaction to traumatic experiences. We propose a socio‐interpersonal model of PTSD that complements existing models of post‐traumatic memory processes or neurobiological changes. The model adds an interpersonal perspective to explain responses to traumatic stress. The framework draws from lifespan psychology, cultural psychology and research into close relationships and groups. Additionally, clinical knowledge about PTSD is incorporated. This involves knowledge about shame, guilt, estrangement feelings and protective factors, such as social support and forgiveness. Three levels are proposed at which relevant interpersonal processes can be situated and should be adequately researched. First, the individual level comprises social affective states, such as shame, guilt, anger and feelings of revenge. Second, at the close relationship level, social support, negative exchange (ostracism and blaming the victim), disclosure and empathy are proposed as dyadic processes relevant to PTSD research and treatment. Third, the distant social level represents culture and society, in which the collectivistic nature of trauma, perceived injustice, and social acknowledgement are concepts that predict the response trajectories to traumatic stress. Research by the current authors and others is cited in an effort to promote future investigation based on the current model. Methodological implications, such as multi‐level data analyses, and clinical implications, such as the need for couple, community or larger‐level societal interventions, are both outlined. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

The socio‐interpersonal model proposes an interpersonal view of the processes that occur in the aftermath of a traumatic experience.

At the individual level, the model integrates the social affective phenomena that clinical research identifies in PTSD patients, including shame, guilt, anger, revenge and the urges or reluctance to disclose.

At the level of close relationships, there is an emphasis on the role of the individuals' partner, family or social support in the development or maintenance of PTSD and its recovery.

At the distant social level, societal and cultural factors, e.g., individualistic versus collectivistic or other human value orientations, are acknowledged as contributing to the severity and course of PTSD.

Increasing attention should be given to new approaches of PTSD treatment that refer to an interpersonal view of PTSD, e.g., communication training, PTSD‐specific couples' therapy or community programs.
Acid‐Catalyzed Conversion of Xylose in Methanol‐Rich Medium as Part of Biorefinery
Authors: Hu Xun , Lievens Caroline , Li Chun‐Zhu
Published: June 2012

Acid treatments of xylose have been performed in a methanol/water mixture to investigate the reaction pathways of xylose during bio‐oil esterification. Xylose was mainly converted into methyl xylosides with negligible humins formed below 130 °C. However, humins formation became significant with the dehydration of xylose to furfural and 2‐(dimethoxymethyl)furan (DOF) at elevated temperatures. The conversion of xylose to methyl xylosides protected the C1 hydroxyl group of xylose, which stabilized xylose and suppressed the formation of sugar oligomers and polymerization reactions. In comparison, the conversion of furfural to DOF protected the carbonyl group of furfural. However, the protection did not remarkably suppress the polymerization of furfural at high temperatures because of the shift of the reaction equilibrium from DOF to furfural with a prolonged residence time. In addition, the acid treatment of furfural produced methyl levulinate in methanol and levulinic acid in water, which was catalyzed by formic acid.
Tuning the Acid/Metal Balance of Carbon Nanofiber‐Supported Nickel Catalysts for Hydrolytic Hydrogenation of Cellulose
Authors: Van de Vyver Stijn , Geboers Jan , Schutyser Wouter , Dusselier Michiel , Eloy Pierre , Dornez Emmie , Seo Jin Won , Courtin Christophe M. , Gaigneaux Eric M. , Jacobs Pierre A. , Sels Bert F.
Published: June 2012

Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are a class of graphitic support materials with considerable potential for catalytic conversion of biomass. Earlier, we demonstrated the hydrolytic hydrogenation of cellulose over reshaped nickel particles attached at the tip of CNFs. The aim of this follow‐up study was to find a relationship between the acid/metal balance of the Ni/CNFs and their performance in the catalytic conversion of cellulose. After oxidation and incipient wetness impregnation with Ni, the Ni/CNFs were characterized by various analytical methods. To prepare a selective Ni/CNF catalyst, the influences of the nature of oxidation agent, Ni activation, and Ni loading were investigated. Under the applied reaction conditions, the best result, that is, 76 % yield in hexitols with 69 % sorbitol selectivity at 93 % conversion of cellulose, was obtained on a 7.5 wt % Ni/CNF catalyst prepared by chemical vapor deposition of CH4 on a Ni/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst, followed by oxidation in HNO3 (twice for 1 h at 383 K), incipient wetness impregnation, and reduction at 773 K under H2. This preparation method leads to a properly balanced Ni/CNF catalyst in terms of Ni dispersion and hydrogenation capacity on the one hand, and the number of acidic surface‐oxygen groups responsible for the acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis on the other.
Generation of mice with a conditional null fraser syndrome 1 (Fras1) allele
Authors: Pitera Jolanta E. , Turmaine Mark , Woolf Adrian S. , Scambler Peter J.
Published: June 2012

Summary: Fraser syndrome (FS) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by skin lesions and kidney and upper airway malformations. Fraser syndrome 1 (FRAS1) is an extracellular matrix protein, and FRAS1 homozygous mutations occur in some FS individuals. FRAS1is expressed at the epithelial‐mesenchymal interface in embryonic skin and kidney. blebbed mice have a null Fras1 mutation and phenocopy human FS. Like humans with FS, they exhibit a high fetal and neonatal mortality, precluding studies of FRAS1 functions in later life. We generated conditional Fras1 null allele mice. Cre‐mediated generalized deletion of this allele generated embryonic skin blisters and renal agenesis characteristic of blebbed mice and human FS. Targeted deletion of Fras1 in kidney podocytes circumvented skin blistering, renal agenesis, and early death. FRAS1 expression was downregulated in maturing glomeruli which then became sclerotic. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that locally produced FRAS1 has roles in glomerular maturation and integrity. This conditional allele will facilitate study of possible role for FRAS1 in other tissues such as the skin. genesis 50:892–898, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimization of the Performance of Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Pt‐Like TiC Counter Electrodes
Authors: Wang Yudi , Wu Mingxing , Lin Xiao , Hagfeldt Anders , Ma Tingli
Published: June 2012

Titanium carbide (TiC) has been used as a counter electrode (CE) catalyst in place of Pt for triiodide reduction in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Its catalytic activity can be comparable to that of Pt. The effect of the thickness of the TiC layer on the performance of the DSCs was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and Tafel polarization measurements. We found that as the film thickness increased, the fill factor and short‐circuit current density increased, which led to improved power‐conversion efficiency. When the TiC film was thicker than 20 μm, however, no significant continuous improvement in the catalytic activity was observed. A high power‐conversion efficiency of 6.46 % was obtained for the DSC by using a TiC CE at the optimized film thickness, a value similar to that obtained with a Pt CE.
Phosphane‐Pyridine Iron Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization and Application in Reductive Amination through the Hydrosilylation Reaction
Authors: Jaafar Hassen , Li Haoquan , Misal Castro Luis C. , Zheng Jianxia , Roisnel Thierry , Dorcet Vincent , Sortais Jean‐Baptiste , Darcel Christophe
Published: June 2012

A series of 6 cyclopentadienyl phosphanyl‐pyridine piano‐stool iron complexes was prepared in good yields, characterized, and studied in the catalytic reductive amination of benzaldehyde derivatives through hydrosilylation reactions by using polymethylhydrosiloxane as the hydrosilane source and in dimethylcarbonate as the solvent at 40 °C. Single‐crystal X‐ray structural analyses were performed for all the complexes.
Fabrication of Hemoglobin/Ionic Liquid Modified Carbon Paste Electrode Based on the Electrodeposition of Gold Nanoparticles/CdS Quantum Dots and Its Electrochemical Application
Authors: Dong Sheying , Li Nan , Zhang Penghui , Li Yunsheng , Chen Zhen , Huang Tinglin
Published: June 2012

A novel H2O2 amperometric biosensor based on the electrodeposition of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and CdS quantum dots (CdS QDs) onto a carbon paste electrode (CPE) and immobilizing hemoglobin (Hb) with ionic liquid (IL), is presented in this article. The modification process of the electrode was monitored by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Due to synergistic effects of AuNPs, CdS QDs and IL, the biosensor exhibited high stability and good bioelectrocatalytic ability to H2O2 with a linear concentration range from 10 to 750 µM and a detection limit of 4.35 µM (S/N=3).
Poly(Neutral Red)/Cholesterol Oxidase Modified Carbon Film Electrode for Cholesterol Biosensing
Authors: Torres A. Carolina , Ghica M. Emilia , Brett Christopher M. A.
Published: June 2012

New amperometric cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) based enzyme biosensors for cholesterol have been developed. The enzyme was immobilised with and without glutaraldehyde cross‐linking on top of carbon film electrodes modified with redox mediators. Mediators tested were: poly(neutral red) (PNR), Prussian blue and cobalt hexacyanoferrates. Amperometric detection of cholesterol showed that PNR/ChOx modified electrodes exhibited the best characteristics; under optimised conditions cholesterol was determined at −0.4 V vs. SCE with a detection limit of 1.9 µM. The biosensors showed good reproducibility and stability and only a small influence from potential interferents in food. Analyses of cholesterol in egg yolk were successfully performed.
Effect of the Incorporation of Proteins on the Performance of Carbon Paste Electrodes Modified with Electrogenerated Magnetite Nanoparticles towards the Reduction of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Comba Fausto N. , Gutierrez Fabiana , Herrasti Pilar , Rubianes María D. , Rivas Gustavo A.
Published: June 2012

This work reports the effect of the incorporation of different proteins within carbon paste electrodes (CPE) modified with electrochemically synthesized magnetite nanoparticles (20 nm) on the electrochemical response towards hydrogen peroxide. Scanning electron microscopy images reveal that the proteins produce a more efficient dispersion of the nanoparticles within the composite. When CPE is modified with 5.0 % w/w magnetite and 5.0 % w/w albumin the sensitivity for hydrogen peroxide at −0.100 V is enhanced 40 times and the charge transfer resistance significantly decreases. The increase in sensitivity and the decrease in Rct was dependent on the nature of the protein.
Does Enhanced Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Eating Disorders Improve Quality of Life?
Authors: Watson Hunna J. , Allen Karina , Fursland Anthea , Byrne Susan M. , Nathan Paula R.
Published: June 2012

Quality of life (QOL) is the degree of enjoyment and satisfaction experienced in life, and embraces emotional well‐being, physical health, economic and living circumstances, and work satisfaction. QOL recovery with eating disorder treatment has received sparse attention, and until now, no study has investigated QOL recovery with enhanced cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT‐E). Patients (n = 196) admitted to a specialist eating disorders outpatient programme and receiving CBT‐E completed measures of QOL, eating disorder psychopathology, depression, anxiety and self‐esteem, before and after treatment. QOL at intake was compared with community norms, and QOL below the norm was predicted from sociodemographic and clinical correlates with logistic regression. Baseline QOL below the norm was associated with depression and anxiety Axis I comorbidity, and severity of depressive symptoms. Predictors of post‐treatment QOL were baseline QOL and level of depressive symptoms and self‐esteem at post‐treatment. CBT‐E was associated with gains in QOL over the course of treatment, in addition to eating disorder symptom relief. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
The influence of local topography for wind direction on Mars: two examples of dune fields in crater basins
Authors: Cardinale Marco , Komatsu Goro , Silvestro Simone , Tirsch Daniela
Published: June 2012

In this work, we perform an analysis of large dark dunes within Moreux Crater and Herschel Crater on Mars using High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) and Context Camera (CTX) data sets. These data allow us to conduct a detailed analysis of dune morphology and slip faces, concluding that the studied dune fields are influenced by topographically‐controlled complex wind directions. Our morphological analysis reveals that inside Moreux Crater in particular, the topographic setting dominates the wind flow direction, leading to the development of a sand transport pathway encircling the central peak of the crater. The dune fields in Herschel Crater are also affected by winds controlled by variable topography as suggested by the presence of complex dunes and dune fields. Our analysis indicate that the studied dune systems is not the result of paleo‐wind regimes. Furthermore, we perform thermal inertia measurements using thermal emission spectrometer (TES) data, which indicate that the studied dune fields consist of medium sand 250–500 µm in diameter. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicted mixture toxic pressure relates to observed fraction of benthic macrofauna species impacted by contaminant mixtures
Authors: Posthuma Leo , de Zwart Dick
Published: June 2012

Species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) quantify fractions of species potentially affected in contaminated environmental compartments using test species sensitivity data. The present study quantitatively describes associations between predicted and observed ecological impacts of contaminant mixtures, based on monitoring data of benthic macroinvertebrates. Local mixture toxic pressures (multisubstance potentially affected fraction of species [msPAF]) were quantified based on measured concentrations of 45 compounds (eight metals, 16 chlorinated organics, mineral oil, 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, four polychlorinated biphenyls), using acute as well as chronic 50%-effective concentration-based SSD-modeling combined with bioavailability and mixture modeling. Acute and chronic toxic pressures were closely related. Generalized linear models (GLMs) were derived to describe taxon abundances as functions of environmental variables (including acute toxic pressure). Acute toxic pressure ranged from 0 to 42% and was related to abundance for 74% of the taxa. Habitat-abundance curves were generated using the GLMs and Monte Carlo simulation. Predicted abundances for the taxa were associated with acute mixture toxic pressure in various ways: negative, positive, and optimum abundance changes occurred. Acute toxic pressure (msPAF) was associated almost 1:1 with the observed fraction of taxa exhibiting an abundance reduction of 50% or more. The findings imply that an increase of mixture toxic pressure associates to increased ecological impacts in the field. This finding is important, given the societal relevance of SSD model outputs in environmental policies. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 2175–2188. © 2012 SETAC
TFA from HFO-1234yf: Accumulation and aquatic risk in terminal water bodies
Authors: Russell Mark H. , Hoogeweg Gerco , Webster Eva M. , Ellis David A. , Waterland Robert L. , Hoke Robert A.
Published: June 2012

A next-generation mobile automobile air-conditioning (MAC) refrigerant, HFO-1234yf (CF3CF = CH2), is being developed with improved environmental characteristics. In the atmosphere, it ultimately forms trifluoroacetic acid (TFA(A); CF3COOH), which is subsequently scavenged by precipitation and deposited on land and water as trifluoroacetate (TFA; CF3COO-). Trifluoroacetate is environmentally stable and has the potential to accumulate in terminal water bodies, that is, aquatic systems receiving inflow but with little or no outflow and with high rates of evaporation. Previous studies have estimated the emission rates of HFO-1234yf and have modeled the deposition concentrations and rates of TFA across North America. The present study uses multimedia modeling and geographic information system (GIS)-based modeling to assess the potential concentrations of TFA in terminal water bodies over extended periods. After 10 years of emissions, predicted concentrations of TFA in terminal water bodies across North America are estimated to range between current background levels (i.e., 0.01–0.22 µg/L) and 1 to 6 µg/L. After 50 years of continuous emissions, aquatic concentrations of 1 to 15 µg/L are predicted, with extreme concentrations of up to 50 to 200 µg/L in settings such as the Sonoran Desert along the California/Arizona (USA) border. Based on the relative insensitivity of aquatic organisms to TFA, predicted concentrations of TFA in terminal water bodies are not expected to impair aquatic systems, even considering potential emissions over extended periods. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 1957–1965. © 2012 SETAC
Integrated predictive call admission control and resource reservation for wireless networks: an adaptive filtering approach
Authors: Ukil Arijit , Misra Iti Saha
Published: June 2012

Allocation of network resources in determining whether the connection can be established or not while maintaining stringent quality of service under desired traffic condition is the principal objective of a call admission control (CAC) algorithm. Radio resources when applied to real‐time applications may lead to over‐provisioning in wireless networks. Although CAC and resource reservation are treated independently in the literature, an attempt has been undertaken in this paper to formulate an integrated algorithm capable of providing accurate predictive CAC and resource reservation techniques with optimal resource utilization. The algorithm has been developed using the concept of adaptive filtering. The principal focus has been directed to introduce normalized least mean square adaptive filtering to estimate the source traffic characteristics. With extensive simulation results, we show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme and analyse the significance of different parameters involved in the scheme to optimize the overall radio resource management.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
LITAF (SIMPLE) regulates Wallerian degeneration after injury but is not essential for peripheral nerve development and maintenance: Implications for Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease
Authors: Somandin Christian , Gerber Daniel , Pereira Jorge A. , Horn Michael , Suter Ueli
Published: June 2012

Missense mutations affecting the LITAF gene (also known as SIMPLE) lead to the dominantly inherited peripheral neuropathy Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease type 1C (CMT1C). In this study, we sought to determine the requirement of Litaf function in peripheral nerves, the only known affected tissue in CMT1C. We reasoned that this knowledge is a prerequisite for a thorough understanding of the underlying disease mechanism with regard to potential contributions by Litaf loss of function. In addition, we anticipated to obtain valuable information about the basic function of the Litaf protein in peripheral nerves. To address these issues, we generated mice without Litaf expression using gene disruption in embryonic stem cells and analyzed Litaf‐deficient peripheral nerves during development, in maintenance, and after injury. Our results show that Litaf function is not absolutely required for peripheral nerve development and maintenance. In injured nerves, however, we found that lack of Litaf led to increased numbers of macrophages during Wallerian degeneration, accelerated myelin destruction, and the emergence of more axonal sprouts. Consistent with these data, the migration of Litaf‐deficient macrophages was increased upon chemokine stimulation. We conclude that loss of Litaf function is unlikely to be a major contributor to CMT1C, but modulating effects of macrophages need to be considered in the etiology of the disease. © 2012Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New therapeutic paradigm for patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Tsochatzis Emmanuel A. , Bosch Jaime , Burroughs Andrew K.
Published: June 2012

Cirrhosis is a major health problem, being the 5th cause of death in the U.K. and 12th in the U.S., but 4th in the 45 to 54 age group. Until recently cirrhosis was considered a single and terminal disease stage, with an inevitably poor prognosis. However, it is now clear that 1-year mortality can range from 1% in early cirrhosis to 57% in decompensated disease. As the only treatment for advanced cirrhosis is liver transplantation, what is urgently needed is strategies to prevent transition to decompensated stages. The evidence we present in this review clearly demonstrates that management of patients with cirrhosis should change from an expectant algorithm that treats complications as they occur, to preventing the advent of all complications while in the compensated phase. This requires maintaining patients in an asymptomatic phase and not significantly affecting their quality of life with minimal impairment due to the therapies themselves. This could be achieved with lifestyle changes and combinations of already licensed and low-cost drugs, similar to the paradigm of treating risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The drugs are propranolol, simvastatin, norfloxacin, and warfarin, which in combination would cost £128/patient annually—equivalent to U.S. $196/year. This treatment strategy requires randomized controlled trials to establish improvements in outcomes. In the 21st century, cirrhosis should be regarded as a potentially treatable disease with currently available and inexpensive therapies.
Site‐specific cancer deaths in cancer of unknown primary diagnosed with lymph node metastasis may reveal hidden primaries
Authors: Hemminki K. , Bevier M. , Sundquist J. , Hemminki A.
Published: June 2012

Cancer of unknown primary site (CUP) is a fatal cancer ranking among the five most common cancer deaths. CUP is diagnosed through metastases, which are limited to lymph nodes in some patients. Cause‐specific survival data could guide the search for hidden primary tumors and help with therapeutic choices. The CUP patients were identified from the Swedish Cancer Registry between 1987 and 2008; 1,444 patients had only lymph node metastasis of defined histology (adenocarcinoma, squamous cell or undifferentiated). Site‐specific cancer deaths were analyzed by lymph node location and histology. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves were compared with metastatic primary cancer at related sites. Among the patients with metastasis to head and neck lymph nodes, 117 (59.1% of the specific cancer deaths) died of lung tumors. Patients with axillary lymph node metastasis died of lung and breast tumors in equal proportions (40.2% each). Also, squamous cell CUP in head and neck lymph nodes was mainly associated with lung tumor deaths (53.1%). With a few exceptions, survival of CUP patients with lymph node metastasis was indistinguishable from survival of patients with metastatic primary cancer originating from the organs drained by those nodes. The association between lymph node CUP metastases with cancer deaths in the drained organ and the superimposable survival kinetics suggests that drained organs host hidden primaries. Importantly, half of all site‐specific cancer deaths (266/530) were due to lung tumors. Thus, an intense search should be mounted to find lung cancer in CUP patients with lymph node metastases.
Effect of neonatal exposure on male rats to bisphenol a on the expression of DNA methylation machinery in the postimplantation embryo
Authors: Doshi Tanvi , D'Souza Criselle , Dighe Vikas , Vanage Geeta
Published: June 2012

Bisphenol A (BPA) is used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Our previous studies have demonstrated that neonatal exposure of male rats to BPA causes decrease in sperm count and motility, increase in postimplantation loss (POL), ultimately leading to subfertility during adulthood. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation play an important role in embryo development. DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts) are the key players involved in regulating DNA methylation marks. The objective of the present study was to determine the mechanism involved in resorption of embryo as a result of BPA exposure. The results of the present study demonstrate that neonatal exposure of male rats to BPA down regulates the gene expression of Dnmts and related transcription factors in resorbed embryos as compared with the viable embryo. Thereby, suggesting that BPA may have altered the sperm epigenome, which might have affected the embryo development and leading to an increase in the POL. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 26:337–343, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10:1002/jbt.21425
Categorical and Dimensional Models of Pathological Narcissism: The Case of Mr. Jameson
Authors: Roberts Christopher R. D. , Huprich Steven K.
Published: June 2012

Narcissistic pathology is assessed in the diagnostic manuals as a categorical construct characterized by cognitive, emotional, and behavioral indicators of grandiosity. This framework ignores the complexities of the construct that also include vulnerability. We suggest that assessing grandiosity and vulnerability as dimensional, interactive components provides the greatest utility when working with narcissistic patients. We describe a patient who presents as fragile, shy, and sensitive, but also has vivid fantasies about his superiority. While he does not meet the DSM—IV criteria for Narcissistic Personality Disorder, we highlight how anxiety, shame, and submissiveness co—occur with grandiosity, which maintain a narcissistic personality organization characterized by severe deficits in self‐esteem regulation. We encourage the integration of dimensional assessment into the diagnosis of narcissistic pathology.
Afterword: Our Narcissistic Age—or Not
Authors: Farber Barry A.
Published: June 2012

This brief article argues that narcissism, though seemingly ubiquitous in contemporary American society, is in fact a timeless phenomenon. Current manifestations and favored types of narcissism, especially grandiose and vulnerable presentations, are reviewed; it is argued that milder (“subclinical”) versions of narcissistic phenomena, while frequent in clinical practices, may be overlooked. Treatment recommendations are outlined with particular emphasis on the need for clinicians, even while challenging problematic behaviors of narcissistic individuals, to be mindful of the essential fragility—the terribly injured selves—of this group.
Prevalence of left chamber cardiac thrombi in patients with dilated left ventricle at sinus rhythm: The role of transesophageal echocardiography
Authors: Bakalli Aurora , Georgievska‐Ismail Ljubica , Koçinaj Dardan , Musliu Nebi , Krasniqi Agim , Pllana Ejup
Published: June 2012

Background.

Left atrial appendage (LAA) may be a source of thrombi in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy at sinus rhythm. The objectives of our study were to assess the prevalence of intracardiac left chamber thrombus and/or spontaneous echo contrast and to identify clinical and echocardiographic predictors for left ventricle (LV), left atrium (LA), and/or LAA thrombus formation, particularly as regard to LV, LA, and LAA size, in heart failure patients at sinus rhythm.

Methods.

We included 45 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy of ischemic or idiopathic origin with mild to moderate systolic dysfunction, who were at sinus rhythm and without anticoagulation therapy.

Results.

Mean left ventricular end diastolic diameter was 64.9 ± 6.1 mm, and mean LV ejection fraction was 39.9 ± 7.3%. LV thrombus was found in 13.3% of patients and LAA thrombus in 68. 9%. Left ventricular end diastolic diameter was correlated with LA volume (r = 0.59, p < 0.0001) and LV thrombus (r = 0.38, p = 0.005). LA volume was correlated with LAA maximal area (r = 0.34, p = 0.01), which was an independent predictor for LAA thrombus formation (p = 0.003).

Conclusions.

Dilation of left cardiac chambers offers a suitable terrain for thrombus formation. The high probability of LAA thrombosis should be kept in mind when designing the treatment strategy for patients with dilated cardiomyopathy at sinus rhythm. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 2013
Normal and abnormal images of intrauterine devices: Role of three‐dimensional sonography
Authors: Graupera Betlem , Hereter Lourdes , Pascual M. Angela , Fernández‐Cid María , Urbina Carla , Di Paola Rossana , Pedrero Cristina
Published: June 2012

The purpose of this pictorial essay is to describe the diagnostic value of two‐dimensional ultrasound (2DUS) and the additional information that three‐dimensional ultrasound (3DUS) provides in the assessment of location, type and complications of IUDs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 40:433–438, 2012
Role of sonography in the diagnostic workup of ovarian and adnexal masses except in pregnancy and during ovarian stimulation
Authors: Loubeyre Pierre , Patel Seema , Copercini Michele , Petignat Patrick , Dallenbach Patrick , Dubuisson Jean Bernard
Published: June 2012

The main role of imaging is to provide a description of the appearance, size, and location of adnexal lesions and associated abnormalities. In some circumstances, the aggressive potential of an adnexal lesion may be suggested on the basis of the imaging findings, the age of the patient, and the clinical data. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 40:424–432, 2012
Mammals as prey: Estimating ingestible size
Authors: Close Matthew , Cundall David
Published: June 2012

Most mammals have deformable bodies, making it difficult to measure the size of living or freshly killed ones accurately. Because small rodents are common prey of many snakes, and because nearly all snakes swallow their prey whole, we explored four methods for determining the ingestible size (the smallest cross‐sectional area that the largest part of the rodent can be made into without breaking bones or dislocating joints) of 100 intact rodents, including 50 Musmusculus and 50 Rattus norvegicus. Cross‐sectional areas derived from maximal height and width of specimens at rest or the same specimens wrapped snout to pelvic girdle are roughly 1.5× higher than areas calculated either by the height and width of the same specimens rolled into cylinders or by volumetric displacement. Rolling rodents into cylinders reduces cross‐sectional area by straightening the vertebral column, lengthening the abdominal cavity, elevating the sternum, compressing the thoracic cavity, and protracting the shoulder joint, that is, changes similar to those seen in rodents eaten by snakes. Reduced major axis regression of the smallest attainable cross‐sectional area, y, on mass, x, shows that y (in log mm2) approximates 1.53x (in log grams)0.69 for rats and 1.63x0.64 for mice. Our results suggest that visual cues provided by live rodents might lead most predators, like snakes, to overestimate ingestible size and hence rarely attack prey too large to ingest. J. Morphol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Patterns of comb row development in young and adult stages of the ctenophores Mnemiopsis leidyi and Pleurobrachia pileus
Authors: Tamm Sidney L.
Published: June 2012

The development of comb rows in larval and adult Mnemiopsis leidyi and adult Pleurobrachia pileus is compared to regeneration of comb plates in these ctenophores. Late gastrula embryos and recently hatched cydippid larvae of Mnemiopsis have five comb plates in subsagittal rows and six comb plates in subtentacular rows. Subsagittal rows develop a new (sixth) comb plate and both types of rows add plates at similar rates until larvae reach the transition to the lobate form at ∼5 mm size. New plate formation then accelerates in subsagittal rows that later extend on the growing oral lobes to become twice the length of subtentacular rows. Interplate ciliated grooves (ICGs) develop in an aboral‐oral direction along comb rows, but ICG formation itself proceeds from oral to aboral between plates. New comb plates in Mnemiopsis larvae are added at both aboral and oral ends of rows. At aboral ends, new plates arise as during regeneration: local widening of a ciliated groove followed by formation of a short split plate that grows longer and wider and joins into a common plate. At oral ends, new plates arise as a single tuft of cilia before an ICG appears. Adult Mnemiopsis continue to make new plates at both ends of rows. The frequency of new aboral plate formation varies in the eight rows of an animal and seems unrelated to body size. In Pleurobrachia that lack ICGs, new comb plates at aboral ends arise between the first and second plates as a single small nonsplit plate, located either on the row midline or off‐axis toward the subtentacular plane. As the new (now second) plate grows larger, its distance from the first and third plates increases. Size of the new second plate varies within the eight rows of the same animal, indicating asynchronous formation of plates as in Mnemiopsis. New oral plates arise as in Mnemiopsis. The different modes of comb plate formation in Mnemiopsis versus Pleurobrachia are accounted for by differences in mesogleal firmness and mechanisms of ciliary coordination. In both cases, the body of a growing ctenophore is supplied with additional comb plates centripetally from opposite ends of the comb rows. J. Morphol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.