bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical fundamentals and metrics of country competitiveness in the fourth industrial revolution
Authors: Stojanović Vladimir
Published: January 2022

On the one hand, the paper attempts to determine the complex phenomenon of competitiveness of countries conceptually and essentially, and on the other hand, it presents the competitiveness of the ten most competitive countries in the world, Serbia and 8 selected countries, according to Global Competitiveness Index 4.0. A wide range of views of economic theorists, concerning the justification of using the concept of country competitiveness, was stated. The position on the justification of treating the competitiveness of countries was stated and it was concluded that the basis of this concept is the increase in productivity as the most important determinant of long-term economic growth, i.e. the improvement of all significant factors that enable more efficient use of factors of production. The concept is based on the observation of economic growth as the sum of growth factors of production - i.e. labor and capital - and total factor productivity, as measures of factors that cannot be explained by labor, capital or other inputs. Also, the paper provides an analysis of the indicators of competitiveness and innovation ability of the ten most competitive countries in the world, the Republic of Serbia and selected countries from its surroundings in 2019, based on data from the World Economic Forum. It was stated that Serbia and the countries from its surroundings lag far behind the most competitive and most innovative countries in the world. However, a relatively favorable position of Serbia in terms of innovation capacity was noted, which leaves room for Serbia to make significant and faster progress in terms of improving international competitiveness than most of the observed countries in the region.
Post-truth: New old lie
Authors: Bratina Boris
Published: January 2022

The idea of post-truth, although the phrase itself has its previous use, has become fashionable in the last five years and after being declared the "word of the year" in the Oxford Dictionary. The author of the paper examines the limits of theoretical fertility of this concept, placing it first in the context of truth theories, and then determining its specific theoretical weight. In the exposition of his consideration of this concept, he uses the comparative-phenomenological method and interprets its definitions in a critical-reflexive approach. Uncritical acceptance of the validity of the conceptual description of post-truth leads to the illusion that we have entered a new post-epoch that is something objective and inevitable, organized not on argumentation but on playing with other people's feelings. Of course, there is something in the idea of post-truth: the state of post-truth must be nothing new, if its realization did not include an exponentially developed communication technique, to which manipulative postmodern subjectivity stands as a subject a never before. On the whole, the phenomenon of post-truth belongs to a wider group of phenomena such as fake news and many others, which united together form a huge potential for falsifying the experience of reality. Finally, when the idea of post-truth according to its elements is included in a broader structure, it becomes calculable both in the history of ideas and in the interpretation of concrete events within intersubjective relations. The author believes that the path to truth, if there is truth, leads through the theoretical negation of this ideological intervention. The aim of this paper is to show that, when it comes to post-truth, it is a phenomenon that does not have its own independent existence.
La entrevista motivacional en programas socioeducativos familiares con adolescentes: Una revisión sistemática
Authors: Orte Carmen , Quesada Victoria , Valero Maria , Pozo Rosario
Published: January 2022

Socio-educational family programs are recommended strategies for prevention and the promotion of healthy habits in adolescents. Motivational interviewing (MI) aims to enhance motivation and commitment to change. Thus, the objective of this review is to examine socio-educational and family-based programs for adolescents that incorporate MI, in order to analyze their main features, MI integration, training of MI professionals, and results in effectivity and retention. To do so, following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was made by searching the main scientific databases and taking studies published between 1999 and 2019. A total of 20 studies were selected and analyzed in this paper. Results show that MI is mostly face-to-face and embedded in the programs. There is a variety in the profiles of MI professionals and a thorough training. Although there is no improvement in participants’ retention levels, positive results in their healthy habits are obtained. More research is needed to determine the specific effects of MI application in socio-educational programs.

Los programas socioeducativos familiares son estrategias recomendadas para la prevención y promoción de comportamientos saludables en adolescentes. La entrevista motivacional (EM) pretende fortalecer la motivación y el compromiso para el cambio. La finalidad de esta revisión es examinar los programas con un componente familiar y socioeducativo para adolescentes que incorporan la EM con el objetivo de analizar sus características, cómo se integra la EM, la formación de los profesionales que la implementan y los resultados obtenidos en efectividad y retención. Para ello, siguiendo el protocolo PRISMA, se realiza una búsqueda bibliográfica en las principales bases de datos científicas de documentos publicados entre 1999 y 2019. Un total de 20 estudios cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y son analizados en este estudio. Los resultados muestran que la EM se utiliza, con mayor frecuencia, de forma integrada en los programas y en formato presencial. Se aprecia variedad en el perfil de los profesionales que la aplican y una intensa formación. No se observan mejoras en la retención de los participantes, aunque sí obtienen resultados positivos en comportamientos saludables. Se requiere mayor reporte de investigaciones para poder localizar los efectos específicos de la introducción de la EM en este tipo de programas.
Factores que facilitan y dificultan la transición de educación primaria a secundaria
Authors: Ávila Francés Mercedes , Sánchez Pérez María Carmen , Bueno Baquero Andrea
Published: January 2022

The transition from Primary to Secondary Education is a critical moment for students, as this period between educational stages implies for some of them the beginning of a process that can lead to school failure. The outcomes of this transition process will depend, among other factors, on teachers´ perceptions, attitudes and actions. This paper aims to identify and analyze the factors that, from the teachers´ perspective, can facilitate or hinder the transition process from Primary to Secondary Education. The methodology used is based on a qualitative approach, developed through focus groups and interviews with tutors of the first year of Obligatory Secondary Education, headmasters, management teams and high school counselors. Data and opinion analysis expose the most significant elements in the transition process. School organization and school culture emerge as key aspects, since most of the teachers identify factors belonging to those areas. In line with other studies, communication between schools, students and families as well as tutoring arise as essential aspects in the transition process from Primary to Secondary Education. Finally, this study will underscore the importance of knowing these factors to improve the process.

El periodo de transición de Educación primaria a secundaria se configura como un momento crítico para el alumnado, ya que en ocasiones supone el inicio de un proceso que puede conducir al fracaso escolar. De las percepciones, actitudes y actuaciones del profesorado, entre otros factores, dependerá el desarrollo de ese proceso. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo identificar y analizarlos factores que, desde el punto de vista de los/as docentes, facilitan y dificultan la transición de primaria a secundaria. La metodología utilizada, basada en un enfoque predominantemente cualitativo, a través de grupos de discusión y entrevistas con tutores/as de 1º de ESO, equipos directivos y orientadores/as de Centros de Educación Secundaria, ha permitido detectar y profundizar en los elementos clave del proceso. La organización escolar y la cultura escolar aparecen como aspectos claves, situándose en esos ámbitos la mayoría de los factores señalados por los/as docentes. En línea con otros estudios, se mostrará la importancia de la comunicación entre centros educativos-alumnado-familias y el papel esencial de la tutoría en la transición. Se concluirá incidiendo en la relevancia de conocer e intervenir sobre los factores que pueden contribuir a la mejora del proceso.
Trabajo colaborativo entre maestros y logopedas: Una revisión acerca de las barreras y de su estructura subyacente
Authors: González Fernández Daniela , Iturra Herrera Carolina , Hernández González Osvaldo
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Collaboration between teachers and speech therapists enables an inclusive approach to special educational needs in the classroom. Despite the importance of collaborative work between both professionals, there is evidence that various barriers limit their development. The objective of this review is to identify the barriers that teachers and speech therapists have described for the development of collaborative work and to organize them following the ecological model. Method: A systematic review was carried out following the guidelines provided by PRISMA. We searched for scientific articles indexed in Web of Science, Proquest, Ebsco, Scopus. Keywords were used, selecting those studies that met the inclusion criteria. Results: The results show that there are barriers, distributed in three interconnected systems: micro, meso and macrosystem. Discussion and Conclusions: Possible actions that would facilitate the development of collaborative work are discussed. Those who are responsible for educational policy could consider the findings of this study, carrying out specific interventions in schools for educational inclusion and collaboration between teachers and speech therapists.

Introducción: La colaboración entre maestros y logopedas permite un abordaje inclusivo de las necesidades específicas de apoyo educativo nivel de aula. A pesar de la importancia del trabajo colaborativo entre ambos profesionales, existe evidencia de que diversas barreras limitan su desarrollo. El objetivo de esta revisión es identificar las barreras que han descrito maestros y logopedas para el desarrollo de trabajo colaborativo. Para posteriormente organizarlas siguiendo el modelo ecológico. Método: Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo las directrices entregadas por PRISMA. Se buscaron artículos científicos indexados en bases de datos Web of Science, Proquest, Ebsco, Scopus. Se utilizaron palabras claves, seleccionando aquellas investigaciones que cumplieron con criterios de inclusión. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que existen barreras, distribuidas en tres sistemas interconectados, micro, meso y macrosistema. Discusión y Conclusiones: Se discuten posibles acciones que facilitarían el desarrollo del trabajo colaborativo. Formuladores de políticas educativas que apuntan a una educación más inclusiva y efectiva podrían considerar los hallazgos de este estudio, realizando intervenciones focalizadas en los colegios para favorecer la colaboración entre maestros y logopedas.
Salir de la sombra. Una revisión sistemática sobre shadowing como propuesta metodológica para la investigación educativa
Authors: Fardella Carla , Jiménez Vargas Felipe , Rivera Vargas Pablo , Baleriola Enrique
Published: January 2022

When we talk about educational research, we refer to a field of knowledge disputed by multiple disciplines and international organizations, which can cast a shadow on school actors. Shadowing is a relatively new ethnographic strategy in Spanish-speaking academic environments, that precisely emerges in order to highlight the importance of the observation of specific contexts and communities for educational research. Thus, the objective of this article is to show the main characteristics, possibilities, and limitations of shadowing for educational research. From a qualitative approach, a literature review of 37 scientific articles describing and reporting results on its use has been carried out. The reported findings are organized into three categories: (1) its origin, application areas and characterization, (2) experiences and uses of the strategy and (3) its ethical-pragmatic implications. Additionally, some final reflections on its usefulness and validity for generating localized educational knowledge are raised.

Cuando hablamos de investigación educativa, hacemos referencia a un campo de conocimiento disputado por múltiples disciplinas y organismos internacionales, que pueden dejar en la sombra a los actores escolares. El shadowing es una estrategia etnográfica relativamente novedosa en los entornos académicos de habla hispana, que justamente emerge con la intención de acentuar el valor que tiene para la investigación educativa, la observación de contextos y comunidades específicas. El objetivo del presente artículo es dar a conocer cuáles son las principales características, posibilidades y limitaciones del shadowing para la investigación educativa. A partir de un enfoque cualitativo, se ha llevado a cabo una revisión de literatura de 37 artículos científicos que describen y reportan resultados sobre su uso. Los resultados reportan (1) origen, ámbitos de aplicación y caracterización, (2) experiencias y usos de la estrategia y (3) las implicancias ético-pragmáticas de la estrategia. Adicionalmente, se plantean algunas reflexiones finales sobre su utilidad y validez a la hora de generar conocimiento educativo focalizado en lo local.
¿Por qué somos diferentes?: Directores y profesores en el epicentro de la reforma educativa española
Authors: Campos García Irene
Published: January 2022

Despite the latest reforms and efforts undertaken, the Spanish educational system continues showing data that denotes its high ineffectiveness: within the European context it has one of the lowest levels of public spending on education, it is at the bottom of the PISA ranking, it shows alarming figures of school failure and it heads dropout rate lists. Based on a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the data from TALIS, this article aims to examine and specify the conditions of teaching staff that make the difference between the Spanish system and European system heading school success rankings. The findings reveal a surprising similarity in terms of difficulties and challenges; however, there is great divergence in three key aspects related to entry into the profession, professional development and mobility until the end of the teaching career. The conclusions obtained are useful for tracing the lines of action on which the improvement of the Spanish educational system could be based, with their consequent impact on the levels of competitiveness and social well-being of teaching staff.

A pesar de las últimas reformas y esfuerzos emprendidos, el sistema educativo español continúa arrojando datos que denotan bastante ineficacia: dentro del contexto europeo presenta uno de los niveles más bajos de gasto público en educación, se sitúa a la cola del ranking PISA, muestra alarmantes cifras de fracaso escolar y encabeza el listado de abandono temprano de la educación y la formación. A partir de un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de los datos arrojados por TALIS, el objetivo de este trabajo se ha concretado en examinar y precisar los aspectos que, vinculados al personal docente, marcan la diferencia entre el sistema español y aquellos europeos que lideran los rankings de éxito escolar. Los resultados revelan una sorprendente similitud en lo que a dificultades y desafíos se refiere; sin embargo, existe gran divergencia en tres aspectos clave que tienen que ver con la llegada a la profesión, el desarrollo durante la profesión y la movilidad hasta culminar la carrera docente. Las conclusiones obtenidas resultan útiles para trazar los ejes de actuación sobre los que podría asentarse la mejora del sistema educativo español, con el consiguiente impacto sobre los niveles de competitividad y bienestar social.
Dis/locating Preferential Memory within Settler Colonial Landscapes: A Forward-Looking Backward Glance at Memoration’s Per/formation
Authors: Decter Leah
Published: January 2022

The degree to which authorized sites of commemoration such as monuments perpetuate deep-rooted practices of selective remembering and forgetting in settler states, and in doing so, help to entrench narratives and mythologies that mask ongoing colonial occupation and violence while denying Indigenous sovereignty, has arguably never been more evident. While official sites of remembrance undoubtedly shape the dominant imaginary, vernacular forms of commemoration exerted implicitly and explicitly in everyday life are also powerfully influential in the circulation of the nation’s ascendant ideation as what Audra Simpson calls “narration[s] of truth.” This paper will examine the ways “memoration,” an artistic/performance methodology I have developed through my inter-media art practice and scholarship, performs interventions into commemoration in the guise of public, national, and personal memory. As an adaptable and inherently relational, embodied and place-based methodology, memoration offers a framework of in Andrew Herscher's terms, “remembering otherwise”: one that activates a reckoning with the intergenerational responsibilities of being-in-relation, in my case as a white settler, on Indigenous lands that are at the same time “occupied” and unceded.
Diaspora Walks: Small Lessons in Unlearning
Authors: Akhtari Nazli
Published: January 2022

This essay is a thought experiment that explores walking’s potential in enacting recognition of Indigenous and territorial lands with the hope of rendering pedagogies of citizenship anew. More precisely, I ask whether walking can offer everyday lessons in unlearning Canada’s settler colonial frameworks of citizenship. This essay, attempting to respond to the question, also hopes to add to conversations in diaspora studies and the ways diaspora performance studies can learn from Indigenous recognition and care of territorial lands as relations and Indigenous methodological interventions to unsettle colonialism. Using a feminist and critical Muslim studies positionality, I bring together research in performance studies, walking methodologies, and politics of diasporic subjects in order to explore how walking as an everyday and citational form might offer diaspora subjects affective ways to home in on a relational politics.
Reseña. Trabajo social para tiempos convulsos. El camino hacia la ruptura epistemológica
Authors: Ferran Zubillaga Ane , Guinot Viciano Cinta
Published: January 2022

Resumen: La obra expone un diálogo lleno de matices, cuyo objetivo ha sido la búsqueda de una alternativa de práctica profesional del Trabajo Social. Un diálogo construido por los autores en el marco de un proceso participativo con profesionales de la práctica del Trabajo Social, cuyo objetivo ha sido analizar la viabilidad de las prácticas narrativas en contextos de práctica profesional del ámbito generalista de los servicios sociales. Es la narración de un camino emprendido hacia posturas epistemológicas posmodernas, posestructuralistas, con propuestas de prácticas constructivistas y construccionistas con lo que se pretende dar un giro metodológico que permita encontrar nuevas ubicaciones para responder a estos tiempos convulsos acontecidos a lo largo de estas primeras décadas del siglo XXI. Esta obra plantea una visión despatologizante de las personas consultantes de los servicios sociales proponiendo una intervención social que presta atención a sus relatos y experiencias, en la que se reconozcan sus capacidades, sus habilidades y en la que puedan recuperar la confianza perdida en ellas mismas. Una propuesta que vincula el trabajo social con la práctica narrativa, con un objetivo claro: proponer una alternativa para responder a profesionales que demandan un cambio en la manera de gestionar sus prácticas profesionales.
 
Palabras clave: trabajo social, práctica narrativa, epistemología, tesis doctoral.
The Turbulent Jet
Authors: Su.Shu Huang
Published: January 2022

The theory of tho sp:ead of turbulent jete, based upon Chou's improved general theory of turbulenio, is civen in the presen: paper. Starting trom the differential equatious for mean motion and the equations of donble correlations for both velodity and tomperature fluctuations,the anthor hes caleulatod the moan yeloeity and the moan temperature distributions in tha two-dimensional, in the axially symmetrical and in the half jot. in all three cases the samo procedure of approximation haa been Yellowed. The results aro compared with experimental data, and the agreement Uetween theory anil experiment is quite good.
Variatiolal Energies of Anomaloua States of 2-and 3-Elec-tron Configurations of Light Atom8
Authors: Ta-You Wu  , S.T.Shen
Published: January 2022

Recently Edlen and:Tyren have reported the observation of groups of weak lines tojthe long wave length side of the lines 1s2 1S-1s2p 1P in the CV-like spectra, and the 18a S-2p'P in the CVI-like spectra of the light elements. These satellite lineg they ascribed to transitions in the respective preceding spectrum with an additional external électron whose effect of screening on the energy of transition giving rise to the main line is small. Thus the transition 18IS-182p S-282p 1P, 1s2s S-2s2p 3P, 282p 3P-2p 3P,132p1P-203 ID,1S,etc. The purpose of thig paper is to calculate the energies of the initial states involved in the emission of these satellite lines and to attempt an identification of the lines observed by Edlén and Tyrén.
Raman Spectrum of Ni(NO3)3 6NH3 Crystal; Effect of Cristal Field on the Nitrate ion
Authors: Ta-Xou Wu
Published: January 2022

The Ramau spectrum ot Ni(NO8)3 6NH crystal is taken witln the view of studying thé effect of the erystal fiëld on the inner' vibrations of the NO3 group of-which a peculiar behavior is suggèstéd bý X-rey analysis. . Ono line is found at985 cm-1.This result and the spłitting of the V,~1050 cm-1 lino into a doublet in Gu(NO3)2 3H20 and Cu(NO;): 6H20 crystals.observed,by Ananthakri-' Rhnan aro discussed from the viewpoint of the §wo-minimum problem similar to the NHs molecule.
SOME PROPERTIES OF A VAN DER WAALS GAS
Authors: J. S. Wang  ,   Department of Physics,Tsinghua University
Published: January 2022

The thermodynamic functions of an ideal subetance represented by van der Waals equation are obtained with the help of the condition that these functions reduce to those of a perfect gas in the limiting case of vanisning prassure. The volumes of the liquid state and gas state in coexistence as determined by Maxwell's rule of equal areas are expressed in a parametrie form. The nature of the dependence of the constants a and b on the chemical composition of the gas is briefly considered.
Photonic meta-switch based on phase change and catenary-enabled continuous phase regulation
Authors: Song Rui-Rui , Deng Qin-Ling , Zhou Shao-Lin ,   School of Microelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China,   Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou 510335, China
Published: January 2022

Aiming at the characteristics of passive and discrete phase regulations inherent in current metasurfaces, we combine optimized isowidth catenary with non-volatile phase change dielectrics and explore a type of bistable phase-change-based wavefront meta-switch of continuous phase tuning and active switching. First, the switchable wavefront deflector is demonstrated in the mid-IR range between 9 µm and 10 µm. Upon phase transition between crystalline state and amorphous state, the incident wave can be switched into anomalous reflection and regular reflection, i.e. the “on” state and “off ” state of wave deflection. Further, a type of dynamically tunable Bessel beam switch is demonstrated. In the amorphous state, the polarization conversion efficiency approaches to 100% with an incident wave of 9.6 µm in wavelength. Therefore, the normal geometrical phase and the second-order Bessel focus are switched “on”. However, the cross-polarization and geometrical phase are switched “off ” upon phase changing into crystallized state. Intrinsically, non-dispersive spin-orbit interaction ensures that this kind of device possesses the broadband characteristics. Such a devise has great potential applications in active optoelectronic integration, optical communications, etc.
Biological effects of gamma-ray radiation on tulip (Tulipa gesneriana L.)
Authors: Li Yirui , Chen Li , Zhan Xiaodie , Liu Liang , Feng Feihong , Guo Zihua , Wang Dan , Chen Hao
Published: January 2022

Tulip, being an important ornamental plant, generally requires lengthy and laborious procedures to develop new varieties using traditional breeding methods requires. But ionizing radiation potentially accelerates the breeding process of ornamental plant species. The biological effects of γ-ray irradiation on tulip, therefore, were investigated through establishing an irradiation-mediated mutation breeding protocol to accelerate its breeding process. ISSR-PCR molecular marker technique was further used to identify the mutants of phenotypic variation plants. This study showed that low irradiation doses (5 Gy) stimulated bulb germination to improve the survival rate of tulip, while high irradiation doses (20 to 100 Gy) significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited its seed germination and growth, and decreased the flowering rate, petal number, flower stem length and flower diameter. More than 40 Gy significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the total chlorophyll content and increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in tulips. Interestingly, three types of both stigma variations and flower pattern variations, and four types of flower colour variations were observed. With increasing the irradiation dose from 5 to 100 Gy, the anthocyanin and flavonoid contents continuously decreased. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis evidenced that high irradiation doses altered the micromorphology of leaf stomata. Microscopic observations of tulip root apical mitosis further showed the abnormal chromosomal division behaviour occurring at different mitotic phases under irradiation treatment (80 Gy). Increasing the irradiation dose from 20 to 100 Gy enhanced the micronucleus rate. Moreover, the suspected genetic variation in tulips was evaluated by inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis, and the percentage of polymorphic bands was 68%. Finally, this study concludes that that 80 Gy may be an appropriate radiation does to better enhance the efficiency of mutagenic breeds in tulip plants. Using γ-ray irradiation, therefore, is expected to offer a theoretical basis for mutation breeding in tulips.
A Review of Diabetic Retinopathy-Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation, and Management
Authors: Kesharwani Dipanshu , Parashar Shreya , Varghese Jerin , Sune Pradeep
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Diabetes is a metabolic disease that can lead to DR. So DR is nothing but a complication of diabetes mellitus which is characterized by gradual progressive loss of vision, macular oedema, blurred vision, floaters, etc. It is crucial to understand the severity of the disease and the risk factors associated with the disease to prevent the disease and reduce the incidence and prevalence of the disease. Also, there is a need for the screening of the disease to facilitate early detection of the disease and prevent the population from blindness. The aim of the review is to understand the disease according to its clinical features, grading and to learn more about the development in medicine for the management of the disease.

Methodology: Various literature search was performed up to November 2021 to understand the disease and its presentation in different stages. Various sources used are Pubmed, Mayo clinic, Google scholar. And then all research articles were thoroughly analyzed and combined to understand the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of DR in different stages.

Result: DR is a microvascular disease and a complication of diabetes mellitus. There are various risk factors, hypothesis for the pathophysiology of the disease. All the information was summarized and presented in this review article

Conclusion: DR is a manageable disease and the best way to manage DR is by controlling blood sugar level, changing lifestyle and preventing the modifiable risk factors to prevent the progression of the disease.
COVID-19: Etiology, Transmission, Epidemiology, Treatment and Clinical trials
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Rani Dolly , Saha Anuradha , Robinson Jenifer , Mohan Chandra
Published: January 2022

In 2019, human race again came across a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection viz. COVID-19 and along with its pandemic nature, caused severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and owes its emergence from the local seafood market of Wuhan city, China. Corona virus is currently prevalent all over the world wherein it caused infection in more than 29,599,29 individuals worldwide with mortality rate nearby 6.84% in approximately 213 countries within a short span of time and the infection due to this virus is still on a higher verge. The data showed that the transmission rate of COVID-19 is higher than the previous viral infections, particularly because of changes in genetic recombination at S protein in the RBD region. Till now there is no approved treatment available against COVID-19 infection and has been observed for human to human transfer widely. The present review summarizes the etiology, transmission, epidemiology, possible approaches for the treatment of COVID-19 and Clinical trials.
Incidence of Granulomatous Mastitis at Saveetha Medical College and Hospital for the Past Two Years
Authors: Kamal Shruthi , Kapila R.
Published: January 2022

Background: To ﬁnd the incidence of Granulomatous mastitis at Saveetha Medical College and Hospital for a period of past two years.

Methods: Retrospective study Incidence of Granulomatous Mastitis at Saveetha Medical College and Hospital for the past two years. The specimens were received from the histopathology section of the pathology department. Detailed gross examination of the specimen was done. This was followed by ﬁxation and staining, done using hematoxylin and eosin stains.

Results: In the period of two years from 2019 to 2020, 10 cases have been reported . Out of which ﬁve cases belonged to the reproductive age group, two cases in the post menopausal age group and three cases belonged to peri menopausal age group.

All the patients presented with a lump on the breast and abscess. The treatment consists of corticosteroid therapy and minimal surgical intervention.

Conclusion: Granulomatous mastitis is an inﬂammatory condition that mimics carcinoma of breast. Hence diagnosis is mainly made through exclusion and examination of histopathology slides. Core needle biopsy is the gold standard technique used in the diagnosis of the condition. It’s a self limiting disease, and requires surveillance,corticosteroid therapy and surgical intervention.
The Use of Simethicone in a Public Healthcare Organization in Riyadh Region
Authors: Khan Mohd Faiyaz , Ahmed Nehad J.
Published: January 2022

Aim: Simethicone is anti-flatulence medicine that is used to relieves abdominal pain due to excessive gas in the digestive tract. The present study aimed to describe the use of simethicone in a public healthcare organization in Riyadh Region.

Methodology: This is a retrospective study that includes reviewing the outpatient electronic prescriptions of simethicone in a public healthcare organization in Riyadh Region.

Results: During the study period, 113 patients received simethicone. More than 56 % of them were females and the age of 22.12% of them was between 50 and 59 years. More than 26% of the patients received simethicone for 1 week and 23.90% of them received simethicone for 1 month. Most of the prescriptions were written by residents (90.27%) and more than 57% of the prescriptions were prescribed by emergency department.

Conclusion: The present study showed that simethicone was prescribed frequently in a public healthcare organization in Riyadh Region.  More studies are needed to explore the frequency of use and the appropriateness of prescribing simethicone and other anti-flatulence medicines.
An endogenous bornavirus‐like nucleoprotein in miniopterid bats retains the RNA‐binding properties of the original viral protein
Authors: Mukai Yahiro , Horie Masayuki , Kojima Shohei , Kawasaki Junna , Maeda Ken , Tomonaga Keizo
Published: January 2022

Endogenous bornavirus‐like nucleoprotein elements (EBLNs) are sequences derived from bornaviral N genes in vertebrate genomes. Some EBLNs have been suggested to encode functional proteins in host cells; however, little is known about their evolution and functional relationship to the viral genes from which EBLNs originate. Here, we predicted functionality of EBLNs based on the properties of N as an RNA‐binding protein. We showed an EBLN in miniopterid bats (miEBLN‐1) has evolved under purifying selection and encodes an RNA‐binding protein (miEBLN‐1p) with biochemical properties similar to bornaviral N. Furthermore, we revealed miEBLN‐1p interacts with host RNA‐binding proteins, such as MOV10. These data suggest that miEBLN‐1p has been exapted as an RNA‐binding protein with similar properties to exogenous bornaviral N in miniopterid bats.
Life Aquatic: A Review of Adaptations in Non‐Avian Reptiles
Authors: Carrillo Elsie , Cruz Mauricio , Kong Brandon , Mehta Rita S
Published: January 2022

Nonavian reptiles are among the many tetrapod lineages that have secondarily evolved semi‐aquatic and fully aquatic lifestyles. As thermal conformers occupying varying depths of the marine and freshwater environment, reptiles are great models for studying aquatic adaptations. The approximately 600 crocodilians, turtles, lizards and snakes enter the water for numerous reasons including to forage, mate, lay eggs and give live birth, seasonally hibernate and seek refuge from predators. Those that feed in the aquatic environment can be separated into two categories, obligate and facultative foragers, that contribute to different degrees of aquatic dependence. Morphological traits such as protruding nostrils and tentacles or chin barbels have evolved repeatedly in aquatic lineages. Aquatic nonavian reptiles must also overcome challenges associated with submersion similar to endotherms, including voluntary apnea, hydrostatic pressure at depth, and thermo‐ and osmoregulation. Some notable morphological, behavioural and physiological adaptations that facilitate movement through the water or prolonged submergence times include streamlined morphology, cutaneous respiration and depressed metabolic rates.

Key Concepts

Nonavian reptiles that forage for prey in the water are either facultative foragers or obligate foragers.

In terms of aquatic representation, all crocodilians are semi‐aquatic, with turtles having the next largest proportion of aquatic individuals, followed by snakes and lizards, despite snakes being the only group with fully aquatic species.

There are a myriad of behavioural, morphological and physiological adaptations observed in aquatic nonavian reptiles that are taxon‐specific but also others that are convergent across disparate groups.

Despite the striking differences in body shapes between nonavian reptiles, aquatic members of all groups have modified their bodies to take on more streamlined shapes.

Valved or protruding nostrils and piscivorous feeding habits are commonly observed across all aquatic nonavian reptile clades.

Many marine inhabitants have the ability to osmoregulate and get rid of excess salt.

Nonavian reptiles are great models for studying aquatic adaptations as they perform a combination of behaviours in the water including foraging, mating and seasonal hibernation despite homeostatic challenges pertaining to the aquatic environment.
Head and neck cancer patient positioning using synthetic CT data in MRI‐only radiation therapy
Authors: Palmér Emilia , Nordström Fredrik , Karlsson Anna , Petruson Karin , Ljungberg Maria , Sohlin Maja
Published: January 2022

Purpose

The accuracy and precision of patient positioning is crucial in radiotherapy; however, there are no publications available using synthetic computed tomography (sCT) that evaluate rotations in head and neck (H&N) patients positioning or the effect of translation and rotation combined. The aim of this work was to evaluate the differences between using sCT with the CT for 2D‐ and 3D‐patient positioning in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐only workflow.

Methods

This study included 14 H&N cancer patients, with generated sCT data (MRI Planner v2.2) and the CT deformably registered to the MRI. Patient positioning was evaluated by comparing sCT against CT data: 3D cone beam CT (CBCT) was registered to the deformed CT (dCT) and sCT in six degrees of freedom (DoF) with a rigid auto‐registration algorithm and bone threshold, and 2D deformed digital reconstructed radiographs (dDRR) and synthetic DRRs (sDRR) were manually registered to orthogonal projections in five DoF by six blinded observers. The difference in displacement in all DoF were calculated for dCT and sCT, as well as for dDRR and sDRR. The interobserver variation was evaluated by separate application of the paired dDRR and sDRR registration matrices to the original coordinates of the planning target volume (PTV) structures and calculation of the Euclidean distance between the corresponding points. The Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) was calculated between dDRR/sDRR‐registered PTVs.

Results

The mean difference in patient positioning using CBCT was <0.7 mm and <0.3° and using orthogonal projections <0.4 mm and <0.2° in all directions. The maximum Euclidean distance was 5.1 mm, the corresponding mean (1SD) Euclidean distance and mean DSC were 3.5 ± 0.7 mm and 0.93, respectively.

Conclusions

This study shows that the sCT‐based patient positioning gives a comparable result with that based on CT images, allowing sCT to replace CT as reference for patient treatment positioning.
Memory distrust is related to memory errors, self‐esteem, and personality
Authors: Zhang Yikang , Otgaar Henry , Wang Jianqin
Published: January 2022

Research on memory distrust and nonbelieved memory (NBM) both stress the importance of belief in memory but no previous research has brought these fields together. In the present study, we examined how trait memory distrust is associated with false memory and NBM, self‐esteem as well as personality traits. Through two studies (N1 = 280, N2 = 77, we found that higher memory distrust was associated with higher false memory as well as NBM frequency, and lower self‐esteem. As for personality traits, people who were high on agreeableness, openness, or conscientiousness had lower memory distrust. Explorative mediation analyses showed significant indirect effects of self‐esteem on false memory (Study 1a and Study 2) and NBM (Study 2) through memory distrust. We conclude that memory distrust could be conducive to the formation of false memory and NBM under social conditions where one's memory is challenged.
Tumor Microenvironment Activated Chemodynamic–Photodynamic Therapy by Multistage Self‐Assembly Engineered Protein Nanomedicine
Authors: Zhang Qiuhong , He Meijuan , Zhang Xiaodong , Yu Hongwei , Liu Jiawei , Guo Yi , Zhang Junmin , Ren Xiangzhong , Wang Han , Zhao Yanli
Published: January 2022

While cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in fighting cancer, developing an activable ROS‐generating system to achieve highly specific cancer therapy with minimum side effects to normal tissues remains challenging. This work reports the development of a tumor microenvironment‐activable ROS‐generating system via multistage self‐assembly engineered protein‐based nanomedicine containing cascade enzymes and photosensitizers. The multistage self‐assembly‐induced aggregation not only prevents the premature exposure of cascade enzymes to produce toxic by‐products in noncancerous sites, but also quenches the photosensitizers to diminish skin phototoxicity, contributing to effective self‐protection of normal tissues. Once triggered by the intratumoral reduction microenvironment, the aggregation effect is unlocked to expose cascade enzymes and recover the photosensitivity, which can decompose intratumor glucose for hydroxyl radical generation and respond to external laser irradiation for singlet oxygen production respectively, realizing tumor‐specific chemodynamic–photodynamic combinational therapy. This work demonstrates a protein‐based multistage self‐assembly approach for ROS‐mediated cancer‐specific therapy with effective self‐protection, offering a powerful strategy for nanomedicine design and more precise cancer therapy.
A High Conductivity 1D π–d Conjugated Metal–Organic Framework with Efficient Polysulfide Trapping‐Diffusion‐Catalysis in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Yang Dawei , Liang Zhifu , Tang Pengyi , Zhang Chaoqi , Tang Mingxue , Li Qizhen , Biendicho Jordi Jacas , Li Junshan , Heggen Marc , Dunin‐Borkowski Rafal E. , Xu Ming , Llorca Jordi , Arbiol Jordi , Morante Joan Ramon , Chou Shu‐Lei , Cabot Andreu
Published: January 2022

The shuttling behavior and sluggish conversion kinetics of the intermediate lithium polysulfides (LiPS) represent the main obstructions to the practical application of lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs). Herein, a 1D π–d conjugated metal–organic framework (MOF), Ni‐MOF‐1D, is presented as an efficient sulfur host to overcome these limitations. Experimental results and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that Ni‐MOF‐1D is characterized by a remarkable binding strength for trapping soluble LiPS species. Ni‐MOF‐1D also acts as an effective catalyst for S reduction during the discharge process and Li2S oxidation during the charging process. In addition, the delocalization of electrons in the π–d system of Ni‐MOF‐1D provides a superior electrical conductivity to improve electron transfer. Thus, cathodes based on Ni‐MOF‐1D enable LSBs with excellent performance, for example, impressive cycling stability with over 82% capacity retention over 1000 cycles at 3 C, superior rate performance of 575 mAh g−1 at 8 C, and a high areal capacity of 6.63 mAh cm−2 under raised sulfur loading of 6.7 mg cm−2. The strategies and advantages here demonstrated can be extended to a broader range of π–d conjugated MOFs materials, which the authors believe have a high potential as sulfur hosts in LSBs.
Retina‐Inspired Color‐Cognitive Learning via Chromatically Controllable Mixed Quantum Dot Synaptic Transistor Arrays
Authors: Jo Chanho , Kim Jaehyun , Kwak Jee Young , Kwon Sung Min , Park Joon Bee , Kim Jeehoon , Park Gyeong‐Su , Kim Myung‐Gil , Kim Yong‐Hoon , Park Sung Kyu
Published: January 2022

Artificial photonic synapses are emerging as a promising implementation to emulate the human visual cognitive system by consolidating a series of processes for sensing and memorizing visual information into one system. In particular, mimicking retinal functions such as multispectral color perception and controllable nonvolatility is important for realizing artificial visual systems. However, many studies to date have focused on monochromatic‐light‐based photonic synapses, and thus, the emulation of color discrimination capability remains an important challenge for visual intelligence. Here, an artificial multispectral color recognition system by employing heterojunction photosynaptic transistors consisting of ratio‐controllable mixed quantum dot (M‐QD) photoabsorbers and metal‐oxide semiconducting channels is proposed. The biological photoreceptor inspires M‐QD photoabsorbers with a precisely designed red (R), green (G), and blue (B)‐QD ratio, enabling full‐range visible color recognition with high photo‐to‐electric conversion efficiency. In addition, adjustable synaptic plasticity by modulating gate bias allows multiple nonvolatile‐to‐volatile memory conversion, leading to chromatic control in the artificial photonic synapse. To ensure the viability of the developed proof of concept, a 7 × 7 pixelated photonic synapse array capable of performing outstanding color image recognition based on adjustable wavelength‐dependent volatility conversion is demonstrated.
Clinical implications of lymphadenectomy for invasive ductal carcinoma of the body or tail of the pancreas
Authors: Minagawa Takuya , Sugiura Teiichi , Okamura Yukiyasu , Ito Takaaki , Yamamoto Yusuke , Ashida Ryo , Ohgi Katsuhisa , Sasaki Keiko , Uesaka Katsuhiko
Published: January 2022

Aim

The appropriate extent of lymphadenectomy for pancreatic cancer of the body/tail has not been standardized worldwide. The present study evaluated the optimal extent of harvesting lymph nodes.

Methods

Patients who underwent distal pancreatectomy for invasive ductal carcinoma of the pancreas between 2007 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were subclassified into three groups depending on the tumor location: pancreatic body (Pb), proximal pancreatic tail (Ptp), and distal pancreatic tail (Ptd). The pancreatic tail was further divided into even sections of Ptp and Ptd. Patterns of lymph node metastasis and the impact of lymph node metastasis on the prognosis were examined.

Results

A total of 120 patients were evaluated. Fifty‐eight patients had a tumor in the Pb, 38 in the Ptp, and 24 in the Ptd. No patients with a Ptd tumor had metastasis beyond the peripancreatic and splenic hilar lymph nodes (LN‐PSH). All patients with metastasis to the lymph nodes along the common hepatic artery (LN‐CHA) or along the left lateral superior mesenteric artery (LN‐SMA) also had metastasis to the LN‐PSH. Recurrence after surgery occurred significantly earlier in this population. In a multivariate analysis, metastasis to the LN‐CHA or LN‐SMA (hazard ratio [HR] 3.3; P = .04) was an independent risk factor for overall survival. Furthermore, high levels of preoperative serum CA19‐9 (HR 10.9; P = .013) were a predictive factor for metastasis to the LN‐CHA or LN‐SMA.

Conclusions

Metastasis to the LN‐CHA or LN‐SMA was rare but a significant prognostic factor in patients with pancreatic body/tail cancer.
Gastight rotating cylinder electrode: Toward decoupling mass transport and intrinsic kinetics in electrocatalysis
Authors: Jang Joonbaek , Rüscher Martina , Winzely Maximilian , Morales‐Guio Carlos G.
Published: January 2022

Decoupling and understanding the various mass, charge, and heat transport phenomena involved in the electrocatalytic transformation of small molecules (i.e., CO2, CO, H2, N2, NH3, O2, and CH4) is challenging but it can be readily achieved using dimensionless quantities (i.e., Reynolds, Sherwood, Schmidt, Damköhler, Nusselt, Prandtl, and Peclet Numbers) to simplify the characterization of systems with multiple interacting physical phenomena. Herein we report the development of a gastight rotating cylinder electrode cell with well‐defined mass transport characteristics that can be applied to experimentally decouple mass transfer effects from intrinsic kinetics in electrocatalytic systems. The gastight rotating cylinder electrode cell enables the dimensionless analysis of electrocatalytic systems and should enable the rigorous research and development of electrocatalytic technologies.