bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation of (
S
)‐5,5′,6,6′,7,7′,8,8′‐Octahydro‐1,1'‐bi‐2‐naphthol [(
S
)‐H
8
BINOL]
Authors: Chen Jiong , Zhu Yuan‐Yuan , Gu Shuang‐Xi
Published: August 2024

This chapter presents the procedure for the preparation of (
S
)‐5,5',6,6',7,7',8,8'‐octahydro‐1,1'‐bi‐2‐naphthol [(
S
)‐H
8
BINOL]. 1,1'‐Binaphthyl‐based chiral molecules have been extensively employed in asymmetric catalysis and molecular recognition. In the past two decades, a number of groups have used the enantiomerically pure BINOL as the starting material to prepare BINOL‐based fluorescent probes for chiral recognition. 5,5',6,6',7,7',8,8'‐octahydro‐[1,1'‐binaphthalene]‐2,2'‐diol (H
8
BINOL), the selectively partially hydrogenated BINOL, and other derivatives based on this structural motifs have also been investigated and shown higher enantioselectivity than BINOL‐based probes in many cases. Therefore, it is expected that the investigation of H
8
BINOL‐based probes might yield probes with significant fluorescent properties.
Fast Photoactuation Driven by Supramolecular Polymers Integrated into Covalent Networks
Authors: Cezan S. Doruk , Li Chuang , Kupferberg Jacob , Ðorđević Luka , Aggarwal Aaveg , Palmer Liam C. , Olvera de la Cruz Monica , Stupp Samuel I.
Published: August 2024

The design of robotic soft matter capable of emulating the complex movements of living organisms such as mechanical actuation, shape transformation, and autonomous translation remains a grand challenge in soft materials science. Functionalized hydrogels are excellent candidates for such materials since they can operate in water and are highly responsive to their environment, but their response times can be slow. This work investigates fast photoactuation of hybrid bonding hydrogels composed of peptide amphiphile (PA) supramolecular nanofibers bonded covalently to merocyanine‐based (MCH+) photoresponsive networks. By incorporating ionizable acrylic acid (AA) co‐monomers in these networks, photoactuation at nearly neutral pH is observed, which in turn enables a new mechanism to accelerate the response by triggering the bundling of supramolecular nanofibers by rapid proton exchange reactions. Furthermore, this rapid response and its consequent large shape transformations lead to hydrogels capable of spontaneously tracking external light sources inspired by pedicellariae, defensive organs present in echinoderms like the starfish and the sea urchin. This work suggests that hybrid bonding polymers (HBPs), which leverage the interplay between supramolecular assemblies and covalent networks, offer novel strategies to design rapidly actuating soft robotic materials.
Nucleation Behavior of SnS2 on Thiol Functionalized SAMs During Solution‐Based Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Götz Klaus , Prihoda Annemarie , Shen Chen , Dierner Martin , Dallmann Johannes , Prusch Saskia , Zahn Dirk , Spiecker Erdmann , Unruh Tobias
Published: August 2024

Solution‐based atomic layer deposition (sALD) is an emerging technique that transfers the principle of traditional atomic layer deposition (ALD) from the gas phase into a wet chemical environment. This new preparation technique has new and unique properties and requirements. A large number of new surfaces and reactants are available to produce active 2D materials.

In this work a reproducible procedure to coat silicon wafers with a densely packed monolayer of (3‐Mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (MPTMS) molecules is presented. These highly functionalized surfaces can be used to seed the nucleation of SnS2 in a solution‐based ALD procedure. A coating routine for the production of SnS2 is adapted from ALD to sALD and insight into the nucleation behavior of the reactands is given. X‐ray reflectometry (XRR) is used to resolve the nucleation process of SnS2 on an MPTMS self assembled monolayer (SAM) during the first three cycles of an sALD procedure. The comparison of ex situ XRR, in situ XRR, grazing incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (GIWAXS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) measurements, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations find that SnS2 first forms a closed layer and then continues to grow in islands on thiol functionalized silane SAMs. Subsequent coating cycles will continue the growth of the islands laterally and in height.
4‐Aminobenzotriazole (ABTA) Directed Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade Reaction for Synthesis of Benzofulvenes Through C−H Bond Activation Involving Inner Alkynes
Authors: Li Chengqian , Wang Zhuo , Song Zhiguang
Published: August 2024

A route for the construction of benzofulvenes derivatives through 4‐Aminobenzotriazole (ABTA) directed Pd‐catalyzed cascade reactions of amides with inner alkynes was developed. This method afforded a diverse array of benzofulvene derivatives in yields ranging from 34% to 91%. The control experiments indicated that the substrate reacts with alkynes in tandem to synthesize 1,3‐diene intermediates, and ultimately 1,3‐diene underwent intramolecular cyclization to produce benzofulvene derivatives. Furthermore, the directing group can be removed.
Integration of Renewable Energy in Microgrids and Smart Grids in Deregulated Power Systems: A Comparative Exploration
Authors: Dawn Subhojit , Ramakrishna A. , Ramesh M. , Das Shreya Shree , Rao K. Dhananjay , Islam Md. Minarul , Selim Ustun Taha
Published: August 2024

In recent years, the importance of deregulated power systems has grown significantly, resulting in positive effects on stability, reliability, innovation, and investment in new energy grid technology. The competitive landscape among energy providers and distributors has empowered consumers to not only save money on their energy bills but also incorporate sustainable energy sources into the grid. To efficiently manage electricity distribution, deregulated power systems must include a smart grid and microgrid (MG). Herein, the potential for sustainable expansion of these systems, as well as their economic and environmental implications, are examined. A comprehensive grid system that integrates smart grids and MGs can offer a complete solution, catering to the evolving energy needs of communities and businesses. The advantages of establishing such a system, including improved grid stability, reliability, and increased utilization of renewable energy sources (RES), are highlighted. Furthermore, the integration of MGs and smart grids enhances the management of distributed generation, allowing power companies to optimize system operations for profitability and efficiency. By following these suggestions, businesses and stakeholders in the power sector can enhance the efficiency and responsibility of their systems, resulting in benefits for both the economy and the environment.
Unconventional Light‐Matter Interactions Between Giant Atoms and Structured Baths with Next‐Nearest‐Neighbor Couplings
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Huang Lei , Zhang Hanxiao , Yang Hong , Yan Dong
Published: August 2024

In this paper, the unconventional light‐matter interactions between giant atoms and structured baths (i.e., lattices) are studied with either Hermitian or non‐Hermitian next‐nearest‐neighbor coupling terms. Essentially different dynamics of the atoms and the propagating field in the Hermitian and non‐Hermitian cases is revealed, which can be further engineered by tuning parameters such as the atomic transition frequency and the (synthetic) magnetic field associated to the coupling terms. The next‐nearest‐neighbor couplings play an important role in controlling the emission direction and the field distribution in the lattice, thus providing opportunities for tailoring exotic dipole–dipole interactions. The results in this paper have potential applications in, e.g., engineering unconventional quantum networks and simulating quantum many‐body systems.
Universal C‐MAC® videolaryngoscope use in adult patients: a single‐centre experience
Authors: Penders R. , Kelly F. E. , Cook T. M.
Published: August 2024

Universal use of Storz C‐MAC® videolaryngoscopes was implemented for adult tracheal intubations in the operating theatres, intensive care unit and emergency department at Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust in 2017. We report data from 1099 intubations from March 2020 to March 2022, collected contemporaneously and anonymously using a smartphone app, representing an estimated 18% of intubations in operating theatres and 30% of intubations in other locations during this period. Intubation success was 100%. The first‐pass success rate was 87.3% overall: 87% with a Macintosh videolaryngoscope, 92% with a hyperangulated videolaryngoscope and 81% for users with ≤ 20 previous uses. First‐pass success without complications was 87% overall: 87% in operating theatres (836/962), 93% in the emergency department (38/41) and 83% in the intensive care unit (73/88). Complications occurred during 0.6% of intubations: 0/962 in operating theatres and 7/137 in non‐theatre locations. The rate of complications was unaltered by blade type (Macintosh 5/994 vs. hyperangulated 2/105, p = 0.14); intubator experience with the device (≤ 20 previous clinical uses 2/260 vs. > 20 previous uses 5/832, p = 0.67) and use of airborne personal protective equipment (PPE 6/683 vs. no‐PPE 1/410, p = 0.27). Complication rates increased outside theatres (theatres 0/963 vs. non‐theatre 7/136, p < 0.001) and during rapid sequence induction (RSI 6/379 (1.6%) vs. non‐RSI 1/720 (0.1%), p = 0.008).
A comparative assessment of age‐related nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate‐diaphorase positivity in the spinal cord and medulla oblongata of pigeons, rats, and mice
Authors: Jia Yunge , Li Yinhua , Hou Wei , Wei Zichun , Zhang Tianyi , Wang Xinghang , Wang Jie , Tan Huibing
Published: August 2024

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)‐diaphorase (N‐d) positive neurons have been extensively studied across various animals, and N‐d neurodegenerative neurites have been detected in some aged animal models. However, detailed knowledge on N‐d positivity and aging‐related alterations in the spinal cord and medulla oblongata of pigeons is limited. In this study, we investigated N‐d positivity and age‐related changes in the pigeon's spinal cord and medulla oblongata and compared them to those in rats and mice. Pigeons, had more N‐d neurons in the dorsal horn, around the central canal, and in the column of Terni in the thoracic and lumbar segments, with scattered neurons found in the ventral horn of the spinal segments. N‐d neurons were also present in the white matter of the spinal cord. Morphometric analysis revealed that the size of N‐d soma in the lumbosacral, cervical, and thoracic regions was substantially altered in aged pigeons compared to young birds. Furthermore, the lumbar to sacral segments underwent significant morphological alterations. The main findings of this study were the presence of age‐related N‐d positive bodies (ANB) in aged pigeons, predominantly in the external cuneate nucleus (CuE) and occasionally in the gracilis and CuEs. ANBs were also identified in the gracile nuclei and spinal cord in the aged rats and mice, whereas in aged rats, ANBs were detected in the CuE spinal nucleus. Immunohistochemistry showed that the age‐related alterations occurred in the cell types and neuropeptides in old animals. The results suggest weak inflammatory response and neuronal dysfunction in the spinal cord in aged pigeons. Our results suggested that the ANB could be a potential aging marker for the central nervous system.
Changes in high school students attitudes toward health sciences following a hands‐on outreach STEM program
Authors: Masamoto Maia , Stevens Courtney , Ettinger Lucas
Published: August 2024

Despite attempts to diversify healthcare workplaces and education, racial and ethnic minorities (REM) remain underrepresented in these fields. This study investigated changes in high school students' health science interest following a single exposure, hands‐on anatomy laboratory visit. One hundred and eighty‐eight high school students participated in a single day, one‐hour visit to a human anatomy laboratory on a university campus. Participants engaged in hands‐on activities centered around both human and animal specimens led by university mentors. Using a modified Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics—Career Interest Survey (STEM‐CIS) questionnaire, health science STEM interest was calculated before and after the visits and compared using a paired t‐test (α = 0.05). A 2 × 2 ANOVA (α = 0.05) was run on pre‐to‐post‐visit interest score differences with factors of Race (White/REM) and Gender (Male/Female) to determine if race/ethnicity and/or gender moderated the gains observed. Overall, health science STEM interest increased significantly from pre‐ to post‐visit (p < 0.001), and these gains were greater in REM students (p < 0.05) but did not differ as a function of gender. These findings indicate that a single visit to an anatomy laboratory with hands‐on activities can be used as a tool to engage high school aged students in STEM and may be particularly beneficial for racial/ethnic minority students, potentially influencing health science STEM interest.
Synthesis, Structure, Spectral, Redox, and Theoretical Studies of Sterically Crowded Decaaryl Triphyrin(2.1.1)s
Authors: Alka A. , Sharma Akrti , Ravikanth Mangalampalli
Published: August 2024

First examples of sterically crowded β‐ and meso‐arylated decaaryl triphyrin(2.1.1)s were synthesized by reacting β‐hexabromo meso‐tetraaryl triphyrin(2.1.1) with five different aryl boronic acids in THF/toluene/H2O (1 : 1 : 1) in the presence of catalytic amount of Pd(PPh3)4/Na2CO3 at 80 °C for 12–24 h. The X‐ray structure obtained for one of the decaaryl triphyrin(2.1.1)s revealed that the macrocycle exhibited saddle type of distortion due to steric crowding by bulky aryl substituents introduced at the six β‐carbons of meso‐tetraaryl triphyrin(2.1.1) unlike almost planar structure observed for β‐unsubstituted meso‐tetraaryl triphyrin(2.1.1). The absorption bands of decaaryl triphyrin(2.1.1)s were broadened and bathochromically shifted compared to meso‐tetraaryl triphyrin(2.1.1) and the redox potentials were dependent on the kind of aryl substituents present at the β‐pyrrole carbons in decaaryl triphyrin(2.1.1)s. DFT and TD‐DFT studies helped in understanding the alteration in the structure, spectral, and redox properties in decaaryl triphyrin(2.1.1)s compared to meso‐tetraaryl triphyrin(2.1.1).
Fisetin is a selective adenosine triphosphate‐competitive inhibitor for mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase 4 to inhibit lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated inflammation
Authors: He Ziyu , Uto Takuhiro , Tanigawa Shunsuke , Sakao Kozue , Kumamoto Takuma , Xie Kun , Pan Xuchi , Wu Shusong , Yang Yili , Komatsu Masaharu , Hou De‐Xing
Published: August 2024

The mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MKK4), a member of the MAP kinase kinase family, directly phosphorylates and activates the c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinases (JNK), in response to proinflammatory cytokines and cellular stresses. Regulation of the MKK4 activity is considered to be a novel approach for the prevention and treatment of inflammation. The aim of this study was to identify whether fisetin, a potential anti‐inflammatory compound, targets MKK4‐JNK cascade to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated inflammatory response. RAW264 macrophage pretreated with fisetin following LPS stimulation was used as a cell model to investigate the transactivation and expression of related‐inflammatory genes by transient transfection assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), or enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and cellular signaling as well as binding of related‐signal proteins by Western blot, pull‐down assay and kinase assay, and molecular modeling. The transactivation and expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) gene as well as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion induced by LPS were inhibited by fisetin in a dose‐dependent manner. Signaling transduction analysis demonstrated that fisetin selectively inhibited MKK4‐JNK1/2 signaling to suppress the phosphorylation of transcription factor AP‐1 without affecting the NF‐κB and Jak2‐Stat3 signaling as well as the phosphorylation of Src, Syk, and TAK1. Furthermore, in vitro and ex vivo pull‐down assay using cell lysate or purified protein demonstrated that fisetin could bind directly to MKK4. Molecular modeling using the Molecular Operating Environment™ software indicated that fisetin docked into the ATP‐binding pocket of MKK4 with a binding energy of −71.75 kcal/mol and formed a 1.70 Å hydrogen bound with Asp247 residue of MKK4. The IC50 of fisetin against MKK4 was estimated as 2.899 μM in the kinase assay, and the ATP‐competitive effect was confirmed by ATP titration. Taken together, our data revealed that fisetin is a potent selective ATP‐competitive MKK4 inhibitor to suppress MKK4‐JNK1/2‐AP‐1 cascade for inhibiting LPS‐induced inflammation.
Feasibility of intentional bioprosthetic valve fracture in the tricuspid position
Authors: Hagel Jonathon A. , Lin C. Huie , Qureshi Athar M. , Tanase Daniel , Eicken Andreas , Zampi Jeffrey D. , Cabalka Allison K. , Anderson Jason , Shahanavaz Shabana
Published: August 2024

Background

Transcatheter tricuspid valve‐in‐valve (ViV) replacement has yielded good hemodynamic outcomes in the treatment of dysfunctional bioprosthetic valves (BPVs). Intentional fracture of certain rigid BPV frames, if feasible, allows a larger implanted valve when compared with implant into an unfractured BPV. There remains limited data on the feasibility of tricuspid valve frame fracture.

Aims

Evaluate the feasibility of transcatheter tricuspid ViV replacement with fracture of the underlying BPV ring.

Methods

An international multicenter registry of tricuspid ViV replacement with intentional tricuspid valve frame fracture was created. Demographic data along with procedural characteristics, outcomes, and follow‐up data were collected. Comparison was made to the pre‐ and post‐ViV replacement with fracture of the tricuspid valve frame conditions.

Results

Ten patients from six centers were included with a median age and weight of 29 years and 67.3 kg respectively. Tricuspid valve frame fracture was performed using a median balloon diameter 3 mm (IQR 3–5) larger than the true inner diameter (ID). The final ID was a mean of 1.5 mm (95% CI: 0.35, 2.64: p < 0.05), and median 1.1 mm (0.5, 2.1) larger than the reported true ID of the surgical BPV after ViV replacement. The mean tricuspid inflow gradient by echocardiogram decreased by 6.65 mmHg (95% CI: 4.14, 9.15: p < 0.001). All procedures were without complication, specifically there was no heart block, pericardial effusion, or right coronary disruption.

Conclusion

Intentional tricuspid valve frame fracture with tricuspid ViV replacement is feasible and can increase the valve orifice potentially reducing the risk of ViV patient prosthesis mismatch and is not associated with significant complications.
Solving a diagnostic dilemma in a patient with periodic fever—When the pieces of the puzzle finally fit
Authors: Shukla Vanita , Sarabjit Singh Virendra R. S. , Ranghell Cara , Ramgoolam Celine , Solomon Nicole S. , Ramcharitar‐Maharaj Vidya , Persad Christophe , Davis‐King Keisha
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

The lack of pediatric subspecialists locally prior to 5 years ago, meant that some of our patients with rare, relapsing conditions were left behind. Familial Mediterranean fever can be diagnosed clinically and supported via genetic panel studies. Although neurological symptoms can be non‐specific, this system symptomatology may lead patients and carers to seek medical attention. When neurological symptoms progress, seemingly refractory to first‐line treatment, or suggestive of colchicine resistance, CNS demyelination should be considered by the neurologist.

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an inherited disorder with episodic fevers accompanied by pain in the abdomen, joints, or chest. It is a clinical entity that can be confirmed with a specific genetic mutation. Neurological symptoms have not been a focal point in clinical case descriptions. We aim to present the long road to diagnosing our patient, where the diagnostic clues centered around her neurological symptoms.
Surface Modifications of Heterogeneous Photocatalysts for Photocatalytic Conversion of CO2 by H2O as the Electron Donor
Authors: Nakamoto Takechi , Iguchi Shoji , Naniwa Shimpei , Tanaka Tsunehiro , Teramura Kentaro
Published: August 2024

The photocatalytic conversion of CO2 using H2O over heterogeneous photocatalysts has attracted worldwide attention because it enables direct solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion. However, further development of this technology requires solutions to overcome the low formation rates of CO2 reduction products and their insufficient selectivity, mainly caused by the rapid charge recombination of photogenerated electron/hole pairs, competition for thermodynamically preferential H2 evolution from H2O, and the relatively low concentration of CO2 on the surface of the photocatalysts. Surface modification of heterogeneous photocatalysts is crucial for improving their formation rates and selectivity. This review article introduces four strategies for designing photocatalyst surfaces for the photocatalytic conversion of CO2 by H2O: (I) loading of an Ag cocatalyst, (II) utilisation of cocatalysts for H2O oxidation, (III) suppression of undesired H2 evolution, and (IV) loading of basic materials for CO2 adsorption. The strategies introduced in this review successfully enhanced the formation rates of the products and/or their selectivity in the heterogeneous photocatalytic conversion of CO2 by H2O.
A Double Helicene with Quadruple Indole‐Fused Skeleton and Double NBN‐Type Cove‐Edged Structure†
Authors: Chen Lingjuan , Dong Jiaqi , Tan Dehui , Wu Jianfeng , Yang Deng‐Tao
Published: August 2024

Comprehensive Summary

Construction of helicenes by inducing heteroatoms has regarded as an effective strategy to enhance the chiroptical properties. We report a facile synthesis of a multiple helicene based on four indoles with two electron‐rich NBN‐coved edges. The structure of the NBN‐coved multiple helicene was confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, revealing a twisted double [5]helicene motif with a saddle‐shaped skeleton. This NBN‐coved helicene showed strong green fluorescence with good photoluminescence quantum yield. Both theoretical calculations and experimental investigation have been exploited to probe the impact of electron‐rich NBN units on aromaticity and photophysical properties of the helicene.
Robust change point detection for high‐dimensional linear models with tolerance for outliers and heavy tails
Authors: Yang Zhi , Zhang Liwen , Sun Siyu , Liu Bin
Published: August 2024

This article focuses on detecting change points in high‐dimensional linear regression models with piecewise constant regression coefficients, moving beyond the conventional reliance on strict Gaussian or sub‐Gaussian noise assumptions. In the face of real‐world complexities, where noise often deviates into uncertain or heavy‐tailed distributions, we propose two tailored algorithms: a dynamic programming algorithm (DPA) for improved localization accuracy, and a binary segmentation algorithm (BSA) optimized for computational efficiency. These solutions are designed to be flexible, catering to increasing sample sizes and data dimensions, and offer a robust estimation of change points without requiring specific moments of the noise distribution. The efficacy of DPA and BSA is thoroughly evaluated through extensive simulation studies and application to real datasets, showing their competitive edge in adaptability and performance.
Development of Magnetic Nanosystems with Potential for the Treatment of Inner Ear Pathologies
Authors: Julia Martín María , Schneider María Gabriela Montiel , Paolillo Giuliana , Homero Sánchez Francisco , Lo Fiego Marcos , Spitzmaul Guillermo , Lassalle Verónica
Published: August 2024

Hearing loss (HL) affects more than 5 % of the global population, with projections indicating an impact of up to 50 % on young individuals in the next years. HL treatments remain limited due to the inner ear's hermeticism. HL often involves inflammatory processes, underscoring the need for enhanced delivery of antiinflammatory agents to the inner ear. Our research focuses on the development of a directed therapy based on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). We previously synthesized biocompatible folic acid‐coated iron oxide‐core nanoparticles (MNPs@FA) as potential carriers for the anti‐inflammatory Diclofenac (Dfc). This study aims to incorporate Dfc onto MNPs@FA to facilitate targeted drug delivery to the inner ear. Through optimizing the loading procedure, we achieved optimal loading capacity. Dfc release was studied in the simulated target fluid and the administration vehicle. Complete characterization is also shown. In vitro biocompatibility testing ensured the biosafety of the resulting formulation. Subsequent ex vivo targeting assays on murine cochleae validated the nanosystems’ ability to penetrate the round window membrane, one of the main HL therapy barriers. These findings serve as validation before continuing to more complex in vivo studies. Together, the data here presented represent an advancement in addressing unmet medical needs in HL therapy.
A low stress, high voltage, switched capacitor and active switched inductor DC‐DC converter
Authors: Reza Motiur , Kumar Avneet , Xuewei Pan
Published: August 2024

A novel, high voltage gain, non‐isolated, non‐coupled DC‐DC converter is proposed for applications such as PV systems, HEV, aerospace, and so forth. The proposed converter consists of two active switches in parallel, which are turned on and off simultaneously, two inductors in parallel and switched capacitors arrangements. During charging, both the inductor comes in parallel with voltage source and effectively reduces the ripple current and inductor size. These factors attribute to the lower power loss and low cost. The voltage stress of the switches is at least 5 times lower than the output voltage, which allows the use of low switches. The voltage stresses of the diodes are also at least 2.5 times lower than the output voltage, which enables to use low forward voltage drop diodes, and hence, the total power loss due to diode will be further reduced. Lower capacitors' stress also results in reduced parasitics. The detailed steady‐state analysis of the proposed converter and its comparison with the existing converters are presented. The efficiency of the proposed converter is highest. The hardware prototype of 325 W is implemented to boost the voltage by 18 times, and results are presented. The closed‐loop analysis of the proposed converter is also carried out. The maximum efficiency of the proposed converter is reported 96% for 100 W and 93% for 300 W.
Boosting Peroxymonosulfate Activation via Co‐Based LDH‐Derived Magnetic Catalysts: A Dynamic and Static State Assessment of Efficient Radical‐Assisted Electron Transfer Processes
Authors: Yang Wenhan , Xia Junming , Shang Fanfan , Yang GeGe , Wang Bin , Cai Hairui , Jing Lingyun , Zhu Hao , Yang Shengchun , Liang Chao , Shao Guosheng
Published: August 2024

Heterogeneous catalysts promoting efficient production of reactive species and dynamically stabilized electron transfer mechanisms for peroxomonosulfates (PMS) still lack systematic investigation. Herein, a more stable magnetic layered double oxides (CFLDO/N‐C), was designed using self‐polymerization and high temperature carbonization of dopamine. The CFLDO/N‐C/PMS system effectively activated PMS to remove 99% (k = 0.737 min−1) of tetracycline (TC) within 10 min. The CFLDO/N‐C/PMS system exhibited favorable resistance to inorganic anions and natural organics, as well as satisfactory suitability for multiple pollutants. The magnetic properties of the catalyst facilitated the separation of catalysts from the liquid phase, resulting in excellent reproducibility and effectively reducing the leaching of metal ions. An electronic bridge was constructed between cobalt (the active platform of the catalyst) and PMS, inducing PMS to break the O–O bond to generate the active species. The combination of static analysis and dynamic evolution confirmed the effective adsorption of PMS on the catalyst surface as well as the strong radical‐assisted electron transfer process. Eventually, we further identified the sites where the reactive species attacked the TC and evaluated the toxicity of the intermediates. These findings offer innovative insights into the rapid degradation of pollutants achieved by transition metals in SR‐AOPs and its mechanistic elaboration.
Long‐term efficacy and safety of cannabidiol in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex: 3‐year results from the cannabidiol expanded access program
Authors: Weinstock Arie , Bebin E. Martina , Checketts Daniel , Clark Gary D. , Szaflarski Jerzy P. , Seltzer Laurie E. , Thiele Elizabeth A. , Sahebkar Farhad
Published: August 2024

Objective

The cannabidiol (CBD) Expanded Access Program provided compassionate access to CBD for patients with treatment‐resistant epilepsy, including tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), at 35 US epilepsy centers. Here, we present the long‐term efficacy and safety outcomes for add‐on CBD treatment in patients with TSC.

Methods

Patients received plant‐derived, highly purified CBD (Epidiolex® 100 mg/mL, oral solution), increasing from 2 to 10 mg/kg/d to tolerance or maximum of 25–50 mg/kg/d. Efficacy endpoints were percentage change from baseline in median monthly convulsive, focal, and total seizure frequency and ≥ 50%, ≥75%, and 100% responder rates across 12‐week visit windows through 144 weeks. Adverse events (AEs) are reported through 233 weeks.

Results

Thirty‐four patients with confirmed TSC were included. Mean age was 12.4 years (range, 1.8–31.2), and patients were receiving a median of 3 (range, 1–7) antiseizure medications (ASMs) at baseline. Median CBD dose was 25–28 mg/kg/d for 36 weeks and then 20–50 mg/kg/d through 228 weeks. Dose reduction from baseline occurred for most ASMs, except topiramate. Median reduction in the frequency of convulsive, focal, and total seizures was 44%–81%, 51%–87%, and 44%–87%, respectively, through 144 weeks. Responder rates (≥50%, ≥75%, and 100% reduction) were 43%–71%, 14%–58%, and 0%–25% for convulsive seizures; 52%–75%, 35%–60%, and 7%–32% for focal seizures; and 46%–79%, 26%–65%, and 0%–13% for total seizures. A total of 94% of patients experienced ≥1 AE; 47% had serious AEs, considered treatment unrelated by the investigator. Treatment‐related AEs (TRAEs) occurred in 71% of patients. The most frequently reported TRAEs were somnolence, diarrhea, and ataxia. Two patients experienced AEs leading to discontinuation. There were no deaths.

Significance

Long‐term add‐on CBD use was associated with reduced seizure frequency through 144 weeks. The safety profile was consistent with previous reports.

Plain Language Summary

In this study, we evaluated efficacy and safety of cannabidiol (CBD) treatment in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex receiving CBD in addition to other antiseizure treatments in an Expanded Access Program. After starting CBD, 46%–79% of patients had at least 50% reduction and 26%–65% had at least 75% reduction in the number of seizures per month; up to 13% had no seizures through 144 weeks. Safety results were similar to prior studies; sleepiness and diarrhea were common treatment‐related side effects. These results show that long‐term CBD treatment was associated with fewer seizures and mild/moderate side effects.
Hepatoprotective effect of astaxanthin against cholestasis liver fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation in adult Wistar rats
Authors: Laderian Azadeh , Ghasemi Maedeh , Mortazavi Pejman , Mousavi Zahra , Ale‐Ebrahim Mahsa
Published: August 2024

In this study, we evaluated the hepatoprotective effects of astaxanthin, a natural carotenoid, against the cholestatic liver fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation (BDL). Toward this end, male rats were subjected to BDL and treated with astaxanthin for 35 days. Afterwards, their serum and liver biochemical factors were assessed. Also, histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to determine the fibrosis and the expression levels of alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐ß1) in the liver tissue. Based on the results, BDL caused a significant increase in liver enzyme levels, blood lipids, and bilirubin, while decreasing the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) enzymes. Also, in the BDL rats, hepatocyte necrosis, infiltration of inflammatory lymphocytes, and hyperplasia of bile ducts were detected, along with a significant increase in α‐SMA and TGF‐ß1 expression. Astaxanthin, however, significantly prevented the BDL's detrimental effects. In all, 10 mg/kg of this drug maintained the bilirubin and cholesterol serum levels of BDL rats at normal levels. It also reduced the liver enzymes' activity and serum lipids, while increasing the SOD, CAT, and GSH activity in BDL rats. The expression of α‐SMA and TGF‐ß1 in the BDL rats treated with 10 mg/kg of astaxanthin was moderate (in 34%–66% of cells) and no considerable cholestatic fibrosis was observed in this group. However, administrating the 20 mg/kg of astaxanthin was not effective in this regard. These findings showed that astaxanthin could considerably protect the liver from cholestatic damage by improving the biochemical features and regulating the expression of related proteins.
Nascently generated microplastics in freshwater stream are colonized by bacterial communities from stream and riparian sources
Authors: Hossain M. Rumman , Eagar Andrew C. , Blackwood Christopher B. , Leff Laura G.
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study was to examine bacterial colonization of different types of microplastics through time in a freshwater ecosystem. Microplastics are persistent pollutants in aquatic ecosystems. Bacteria readily colonize microplastic surfaces and may contribute to their degradation, but the taxa involved, and their degradative abilities, differ based on factors such as microplastic chemistry, plastic age, and specific ecosystem types. Four different common types of newly manufactured microplastics, high‐density polyethylene, low‐density polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene, were incubated for 7 weeks in a freshwater stream and sampled. Sample collection was timed to examine the development of early and late bacterial biofilm communities. Microplastics were analyzed for changes to buoyancy, weight, contact angles (an indicator of surface roughness), bacterial community composition, and the number of bacterial cells. Time was the only significant contributing factor in the development of bacterial biofilm communities on microplastic disks over the 7‐week study. Notably, the Comamonadaceae were abundant early in the study and decreased in abundance with time, while the Methylococcaceae demonstrated the opposite trend. Different physicochemical properties among the various types of microplastics had only a minor effect on bacterial community compositions of biofilms growing on the microplastics. Additionally, the surfaces of all microplastic disks became rougher over time in the stream. Collectively, our results show that microplastic surfaces undergo surface modification and community succession as time progresses, regardless of microplastic type, in a freshwater stream ecosystem.
The LTAR Cropland Common Experiment at Eastern Corn Belt
Authors: King Kevin , Williams Mark , Stinner Jed , Rumora Kathryne
Published: August 2024

The Eastern Corn Belt (ECB) Long‐Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) network site is one of the most agriculturally productive areas in the United States; however, nutrient and sediment losses from this region directly contribute to water quality impairment in both the Gulf of Mexico and Lake Erie. One of the largest challenges facing agricultural production in the ECB is water management, especially under a changing climate. Shifting precipitation patterns in combination with evolving infrastructure (i.e., tile drainage, irrigation) and management (i.e., crops planted; 4R nutrient management: source, timing, rate, and placement) in response to changing climate are likely to alter water quantity and quality and agricultural productivity. Through plot‐ and field‐scale research, the ECB Common Experiment (CE) is focused on crop, soil, and water management to support sustainable agricultural intensification, with the goal of maximizing profitability, minimizing agriculture's environmental footprint, and enhancing ecosystem services. At both spatial scales, the CE aims to examine differences in water quantity and quality between the primary prevailing crop production system in the ECB (i.e., corn [Zea mays L.]–soybean [Glycine max L.] rotation, tillage prior to corn planting, free drainage, and fertility management consistent with tri‐state recommendations) and an alternative system (e.g., adding small grains into the crop rotation, cover crops, limited phosphorus fertilizer, and drainage water management). Aligning producer and stakeholders needs with research objectives and long‐term data collection, the ECB CE will tackle both ongoing and newly emerging research priorities and explore the effectiveness of conservation strategies to decrease nutrient and sediment losses from agricultural land.
Probabilistic Data Linkageを用いた消防および医療機関データ突合の試み～検者間信頼性を用いた検証～(Probabilistic Data Linkage of local emergency medical service and hospital department data: a pilot validation study with inter–rater reliability)
Authors: 英賢 福島 , 桃子 堀口 , 有紗 木下 , 宏純 奥田 , 幸治 山本 , 敬太 宮崎 , 啓佑 高野
Published: August 2024

【目的】Probabilistic Data Linkageを用いた消防機関および医療機関のデータ突合の精度について検者間信頼性を用いて検討した。【方法】2020年1月から4月の期間に奈良県立医科大学附属病院高度救命救急センターに搬送となった251例の奈良県救急医療情報管制支援システム（e–MATCH）データと291例の同センター外来日誌データ（転院や直接受診を含む）を対象とし，RのfastLinkを用いて次の3つの方法で突合した（①年齢，性別，病院到着日と来院日，②年齢，性別，覚知日時，③年齢，性別，病院到着日と来院日，病院到着時刻と受付時刻）。突合はe–MATCH側への突合とし，2名の検者が突合の正誤を検証した。【結果】突合されたデータセットは，①245例，②248例，③243例で，正の突合はそれぞれ198例（78.9%），209例（83.3%），215例（85.7%）で，誤突合は，①47例（18.7%），②39例（15.5%），③28例（11.1%）であった。検者間の信頼性CohenのKappa係数はいずれも0.7以上であった。【考察と結語】Probabilistic Data Linkageを用いることで消防データと医療機関の精度の高いデータの突合が期待できる。
偶発的に発見した小児複数磁石誤飲の1例(A case of incidental X–ray finding of ingestion of multiple magnets in a child)
Authors: 恵介 城間 , 朋子 杉村 , 隆行 平良 , 史真 西原 , 大悟 江波戸 , 幸子 宮川 , 武寛 梅村
Published: August 2024

小児の異物誤飲は日常よく経験する。多くは自然排出が期待でき，手術などの侵襲的処置を要する症例は多くない。しかし複数の磁石誤飲は消化管穿孔や腸閉塞の危険性が高く，緊急処置を要した報告が多い。今回，交通事故を契機に，複数のネオジム磁石誤飲を偶発的に発見し，消化管穿通・瘻孔形成を認めた小児の症例を経験したため報告する。症例は2歳の女児。交通事故で救急搬送され，外傷はなかったが，画像検査で小腸内に複数の異物を認め，磁性玩具が疑われた。無症状のため経過観察での自然排出を期待したが，5日間経過しても移動を認めず，腹腔鏡下異物除去術を施行した。複数の磁石により接着された小腸は，接着部で穿通し消化管穿通・瘻孔形成を来していた。術後経過は良好で，術後6日で退院した。海外のアルゴリズムでは，単純X線検査を繰り返すことによる経過観察を行うと記載があるが，経過観察から手術へ方針転換する時期についての明確な推奨はない。本症例では無症状であったことが経過観察期間を延ばした要因であり，異物除去術への方針変更を行う時期を逃さないことが重要である。ネオジム磁石複数誤飲の場合，異物の移動がない場合は，無症状でも最長72時間以内に手術を決断すべきと考える。
Video‐Rate Spectral Imaging Based on Diffractive‐Refractive Hybrid Optics
Authors: Xu Hao , Hu Haiquan , Xu Nan , Chen Bingkun , Luo Peng , Jiang Tingting , Xu Zhihai , Li Qi , Chen Shiqi , Chen Yueting
Published: August 2024

With the advancement of computational imaging, a large number of spectral imaging systems based on encoding–decoding have emerged, among which phase‐encoding spectral imaging systems have attracted widespread interest. Conventional phase‐encoding systems suffer from severe image degradation and limited light throughput. To address these challenges and achieve video‐rate spectral imaging with high spatial resolution and spectral accuracy, a novel optical system based on diffractive‐refractive hybrid optics is proposed. Here, a diffractive optical element is employed to perform imaging and dispersion functions, while a rear lens is used to shorten the system's back focal length and reduce the size of the point spread function. Meanwhile, convolutional neural network‐based spectral reconstruction algorithms are employed to reconstruct the spectral data cubes from diffraction blurred images. A compact, cost‐effective, and portable prototype has been constructed, demonstrating the capability to acquire and reconstruct 30 spectral data cubes per second, each with dimensions of in the spectral range of 480–900 nm with a 10 nm spectral interval. The optical system has the potential to broaden the application scope of phase‐encoding spectral imaging systems in various scenarios.
Socio‐economic strategy for settlement of refugees amidst crisis: The case of Pak‐Afghan
Authors: Tariq Habib , Ali Yousaf , Petrillo Antonella , De Felice Fabio
Published: August 2024

Today, global concerns are at their peak due to the fast‐growing number of refugees. The world faces the dilemma of the refugee crisis, which needs to be addressed by the United Nations (U.N.) sustainable development goals (SDGs). Pakistan hosts about 1.4 million registered refugees in camps and urban areas. The majority consist of Afghans who departed due to severe poverty, conflict, and security concerns. These refugees bring socio‐economic distress to the host country. In order to comprehend the whole crisis, this study primarily focuses on three areas: the unstable political and security situation in the country of origin, the refugee concerns and their implications. This research is unique throughout the literature as it applies the interpretive structural modelling (ISM) tool to view the refugee crisis holistically. Results from ISM show that the ‘Political situation of Afghanistan’ is the most influential factor with very high driving power. Afterward, 10 resulting factors were opted from the ISM model, which demonstrate the implications on the host country. The relative importance index (RII) approach was used to rank the resultant factors. Ranking from RII depicts a significantly different impact of refugees while residing in urban areas. Using the Prisoner's dilemma of cooperative game theory (GT), this study concludes by recommending refugees to get registered and the host country to settle them in the local population. The use of cooperative GT with the nexus of ISM and RII is also exceptional and will be helpful for researchers and policymakers to resolve any conflict.
Macrophage plasticity: signaling pathways, tissue repair, and regeneration
Authors: Yan Lingfeng , Wang Jue , Cai Xin , Liou Yih‐Cherng , Shen Han‐Ming , Hao Jianlei , Huang Canhua , Luo Gaoxing , He Weifeng
Published: August 2024

Macrophages are versatile immune cells with remarkable plasticity, enabling them to adapt to diverse tissue microenvironments and perform various functions. Traditionally categorized into classically activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) phenotypes, recent advances have revealed a spectrum of macrophage activation states that extend beyond this dichotomy. The complex interplay of signaling pathways, transcriptional regulators, and epigenetic modifications orchestrates macrophage polarization, allowing them to respond to various stimuli dynamically. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the signaling cascades governing macrophage plasticity, focusing on the roles of Toll‐like receptors, signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins, nuclear receptors, and microRNAs. We also discuss the emerging concepts of macrophage metabolic reprogramming and trained immunity, contributing to their functional adaptability. Macrophage plasticity plays a pivotal role in tissue repair and regeneration, with macrophages coordinating inflammation, angiogenesis, and matrix remodeling to restore tissue homeostasis. By harnessing the potential of macrophage plasticity, novel therapeutic strategies targeting macrophage polarization could be developed for various diseases, including chronic wounds, fibrotic disorders, and inflammatory conditions. Ultimately, a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning macrophage plasticity will pave the way for innovative regenerative medicine and tissue engineering approaches.
Associations between intolerance of uncertainty, paranoia, anxiety, and depression: Evidence from an international multisite sample
Authors: Morriss Jayne , Gaudiano Brandon A. , So Suzanne H. , Kingston Jessica , Lincoln Tania , Morris Eric M. J. , Ellett Lyn
Published: August 2024

Intolerance of uncertainty (IU; the tendency to find uncertainty aversive) and paranoia (e.g., excessive mistrust of others), are both associated with anxiety and depression symptoms. While previous research has primarily focused on IU and paranoia separately, there is recent evidence to suggest that IU and paranoia are linked and may interact to increase risk for anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia‐spectrum conditions. The aims of the current study were to assess: (1) the extent to which IU (total score and subscales), paranoia, anxiety, and depression are associated and (2) whether the interaction between IU and paranoia is associated with greater anxiety and depression symptoms. To examine these aims, we conducted a survey in an international multisite sample (n = 2510). Questionnaires included: IU (total score and subscales), paranoia (RGPTS persecution subscale), anxiety, and depression. The findings revealed that: (1) IU was positively associated with paranoia (r = 0.43), anxiety (r = 0.48), and depression (r = 0.49), and (2) People with high scores on IU and paranoia showed higher anxiety and depression symptoms. Importantly, these effects remained when controlling for negative beliefs about the self and others and demographic factors. Additionally, the inhibitory IU subscale (uncertainty paralysis) was related to paranoia, anxiety, and depression. However, the prospective IU subscale (desire for predictability) was only related to depression, but not paranoia and anxiety. Overall, these findings reliably demonstrate that IU and paranoia are linked, and that IU and paranoia interactions may synergistically work to affect current levels of anxiety and depression symptoms.
Solanum melongena L. Extract Promotes Intestinal Tight Junction Re‐Assembly via SIRT‐1‐Dependent Mechanisms
Authors: Sukmak Pichayapa , Kulworasreth Purisha , Treveeravoot Supisara , Arinno Apiwan , Anuwongworavet Supitcha , Wachiradejkul Wanapas , Kulworasreth Purit , Teansuk Natnicha , Thongnak Laongdao , Amonlerdpison Doungporn , Inchai Jakkapong , Jakrachai Chaiwet , Akrimajirachoote Nattaphong , Aonbangkhen Chanat , Muanprasat Chatchai , Poolsri Wanangkan , Vaddhanaphuti Chutima S. , Pongkorpsakol Pawin
Published: August 2024

Tight junction disruption can lead to pathogenesis of various diseases without therapeutic strategy to recover intestinal barrier integrity. The main objective of this study is to demonstrate the effect of Solanum melongena L. extract (SMLE) on intestinal tight junction recovery and its underlying mechanism. Intestinal barrier function is attenuated by Ca2+ depletion. SMLE treatment increased TER value across T84 cell monolayers. Permeability assay reveals that Ca2+ depletion promotes 4‐kDa FITC‐dextran permeability, but not 70‐kDa FITC‐dextran. SMLE suppresses the rate of 4‐kDa FITC‐dextran permeability, indicating that SMLE inhibits paracellular leak pathway permeability. SMLE‐mediated TER increase and leak pathway suppression are abolished by neither calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) inhibitor nor AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor. Furthermore, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitors have no effects on SMLE‐mediated TER increase and leak pathway suppression. Interestingly, SMLE is unable to enhance TER value and diminish leak pathway permeability in T84 cell monolayers pre‐treated with sirtuin‐1 (SIRT‐1) inhibitor. Immunofluorescence staining reveals that SMLE enhances re‐assembly of tight junction proteins, including occludin and ZO‐1 to intercellular space but this effect is abolished by SIRT‐1 inhibitor. These data suggest that SMLE promotes intestinal tight junction re‐assembly via SIRT‐1‐dependent manner.