bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mantle-derived Corundum-bearing Felsic Dykes May Survive Only within the Lower (refractory/inert) Crust: Evidence from Zircon Geochemistry and Geochronology (Ivrea-Verbano Zone, Southern Alps, Italy)
Authors: Bonazzi Mattia , Langone Antonio , Tumiati Simone , Dellarole Edoardo , Mazzucchelli Maurizio , Giovanardi Tommaso , Zanetti Alberto
Published: July 2020

Corundum-rich (up to 55 vol.%) felsic dykes formed by albite, ±K-feldspar, ±hercynite and ±biotite-siderophyllite cut the lower crustal rocks exposed in the Ivrea-Verbano Zone (NW Italy). Zircon is an abundant accessory mineral and its investigation through LA-ICP-(MC)MS has allowed to directly constrain the timing of emplacement, as well as petrology and geochemistry of parental melts. Zircons are characterised by very large concentration in REE, Th, U, Nb and Ta, and negative Eu anomaly. U–Pb analysis points to Norian emplacement ages (223±7 Ma and 224±6 Ma), whereas large positive εHf(t) values (+13 on average) indicate a derivation from depleted to mildly enriched mantle source. The mantle signature and the corundum oversaturation were preserved thanks to limited crustal contamination of the host, HT refractory granulites and mafic intrusives. According to the geochemical data and to the evidence of the development of violent explosions into the conduits, it is proposed that dykes segregated from peraluminous melts produced by exsolution processes affecting volatile-rich differentiates during alkaline magmatism. This work provides robust evidence about the transition of the geochemical affinity of Southern Alps magmatism from orogenic-like to anorogenic during Norian, linked to a regional uprising of the asthenosphere and change of tectonic regime.
The Therapeutic Effect of Extracellular Vesicles on Asthma in Pre-clinical Models: A Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: Kent Jennifer , Obi Patience , Jeyaraman Maya , Askin Nicole , Pierdoná Taiana , Halayko Andrew , Saleem Ayesha
Published: July 2020

Asthma is the most common chronic disease in children. It is characterized by difficulty in breathing and chronic airway inflammation associated with narrowing of the airways, and airway hyperresponsiveness. If left untreated, asthma can lead to respiratory distress and even death. A number of medications are available and prescribed to manage asthma. Yet despite that, only half of the asthmatic patients are able to control their condition. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in transporting contents such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids to other cells. While EVs have been extensively studied as biomarkers of various pathological states, evidence indicates that they can play protective and therapeutic roles in mitigating diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and asthma. Here we propose to conduct a systematic review that provides a detailed analysis of the therapeutic effect of EVs in mitigating the primary (inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness) and secondary outcomes (airway remodelling, molecular indices of cellular signalling, and inflammatory mediators in serum) associated with asthma in preclinical studies.
Modelling of Fluid Flow and Residence Time Distribution in a Five-strand Tundish
Authors: Sheng Dong-Yuan , Yue Qiang
Published: July 2020

The quantified residence time distribution (RTD) provides a numerical characterization of mixing in the continue casting tundish, thus allowing the engineer to better understand the metallurgical performance of the reactor. This paper describes a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modelling study for analyzing the flow pattern and the residence time distribution in a five-strand tundish. Two passive scalar transport equations are applied to separately calculate the E-curve and F-curve in the tundish. The numerical modelling results are compared to the water modelling results for the validation of the mathematical model. The volume fraction of different flow regions (plug, mixed and dead) and the intermixing time during the ladle changeover are calculated to study the effects of the flow control device (FCD) on the tundish performance. The result shows that a combination of the U-baffle with deflector holes and the turbulence inhibitor has three major effects on the flow characteristics in the tundish: i) reduce the extent of the dead volume; ii) evenly distribute the liquid streams to each strand and iii) shorten the intermixing time during the ladle changeover operation.
Epidemiological Characteristics of Early COVID-19 Case Outbreaks in Indonesia
Authors: Bakar Abu , Kuncoroaji Triyono Indrasiwi , Lee Andy , Lee Shih-Chieh , Ningrum Valendriyani
Published: July 2020

The initial outbreak of COVID-19 was first reported in Wuhan (China) during the latter part of December 2019. Indonesia has the fourth-largest population globally and reported the country’s first case of the virus on 2nd March 2020. The World Health Organisation (WHO) in addition to several neighbouring provinces and educational institutions within the region began questioning the Indonesian government upon the initial case reported. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological characteristics of the COVID-19 outbreak in Indonesia during March 2020. The data were collected from Indonesian government databases and non-government organisations (NGOs). The data were analysed using Microsoft Office 2019 (Excel) and Adobe Illustrator 2017 software, was used in drawing the map depicting the distribution of COVID-19 in Indonesia. As at 31st March 2020, a total of 1,528 people in Indonesia have been infected by COVID-19, in addition to 136 mortalities (CFR of 8.9%). Jakarta, as the principal capital of Indonesia, quickly has become the epicentre of the virus since this period. Most patient cases were attributed to those aged between 31 and 70 years (72.64%), with male patients (64.93%) representing the highest incidence of cases compared to female patients (35.07%). The number of ventilating machines was 3,326, with hospital numbers at 859. The distribution of cases depicting COVID-19 was mainly seen in urban areas compared to rural areas. Males compared to females, are at a higher risk of contracting COVID-19, including those aged below 30, between 30 and 60 or above. Indonesia also has the highest case fatality rate (CFR) with respect to mortalities in Southeast Asia and has the second-highest CFR globally. Similarly, while the number of ventilator machines as at 31st March 2020 were sufficient in meeting the growing number of COVID-19 cases in the country, it is possible that the government may need to increase the number of ventilators if the cases continue to escalate.
Antibiotic Treatment in An. coluzzii Affects Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism
Authors: Chabanol Estelle , Behrends Volker , Prévot Ghislaine , Christophides George K. , Gendrin Mathilde
Published: July 2020

The mosquito microbiota reduces the vector competence of Anopheles to Plasmodium and affects host fitness, it is therefore considered as a potential target to reduce malaria transmission. While immune induction, secretion of antimicrobials and metabolic competition are three typical mechanisms of microbiota-mediated protection against invasive pathogens in mammals, the involvement of metabolic competition or mutualism in mosquito-microbiota and microbiota-Plasmodium interactions has not been investigated. Here, we describe a metabolome analysis of the midgut of An. coluzzii provided with a sugar-meal or a blood-meal, under conventional or antibiotic-treated conditions. We observed that the antibiotic treatment affects the tricarboxylic acid cycle and nitrogen metabolism, notably resulting in decreased abundance of free amino acids. Linking our results with published data, we identified candidate pathways which may participate in microbiota/Plasmodium interactions via metabolic interactions or immune modulation.
Biosensing Cytokine IL-6: A Comparative Analysis of Natural and Synthetic Receptors
Authors: Alfinito Eleonora , Beccaria Matteo , Ciccarese Mariangela
Published: July 2020

Cytokines are a family of proteins which play a major role in the regulation of immune system, and enter the development of several diseases from rheumatoid arthritis to cancer and, more recently, COVID-19. Therefore, many efforts are currently being spent in therapy and diagnosis, producing inhibitory drugs, as well as biosensors for a rapid, poor invasive, and effective detection. In this regards, even more efficient cytokine receptors are under investigation. In this paper we analyze a set of receptors of cytokine IL-6, investigating their topological features by means of a theoretical approach. Our results suggest a topological indicator that may help in the identification of those receptors having the highest complementarity with the protein, a feature expected to ensure a stable binding. Furthermore, we propose and discuss the use of these receptors in an ideal experiment.
Hubungan Antara Pengetahuan Tentang Pengelolaan Sampah dan Perilaku Bertanggung Jawab Siswa di SMAN 34 Jakarta
Authors: Suhardjo
Published: July 2020

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa kuat hubungan antara pemahaman tentang pengolahan sampah dengan perilaku bertanggung jawab siswa di sekolah menengah atas 34 Jakarta. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret – Juli 2017. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan survey lapangan. Populasi  dalam  penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa yang bersekolah di SMA Negeri 34. Jumlah total populasi adalah 25 anggota yang terdaftar sebagai anggota KIR di SMAN 34 Jakarta. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik total sampling. Sampel dalam penelitian ini saya memilih untuk menggunakan siswa yang aktif mengikuti organisasi Karya Ilmiah Remaja (KIR). Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner tertutup. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis korelasi.

Pengujian instrumen penelitian berupa uji validitas dan uji reliabilitas dengan menggunakan SPSS versi 16.0. Pengujian validitas dengan analisis correlation item > r tabel. Pengukuran validitas variable pengetahuan berdasarkan nilai pearson correlation > r tabel dari 25 item soal memiliki skor pearson correlation antara -0,089 – 0,915 dan r tabel 0,3809 sehingga terdapat 3 item soal tidak valid dan dihapus, sehingga dalam penelitian ini terdapat 22 item soal. Pengujian validitas dengan analisis correlation item > r tabel. Pengukuran validitas variable perilaku berdasarkan nilai pearson correlation > r tabel dari 25 item soal memiliki skor pearson correlation antara 0,215 – 0,896 dann r tabel 0,3809 sehingga terdapat 3 item soal tidak valid dan dihapus, sehingga dalam penelitian ini terdapat 22 item soal. Pengukuran reliabilitas berdasarkan nilai Cronbach’s Alpha. Nilai reliabilitas pengetahuan sebesar 0,795 dan perilaku 874, artinya nilai tersebut dikategorikan reliabel.

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa hubungan antara pengetahuan pengelolaan sampah dan perilaku bertanggung jawab hasilnya tidak signifikan. Hal ini dilihat dari hasil uji korelasi diketahui hailnya adalah 0,928 yang merupakan lebih kecil dari 0,050. Bisa disimpulkan bahwa hubungan pengetahuan pengelolaan sampah dan perilaku bertanggung jawab memiliki hubungan sangat rendah.

 

Kata Kunci :   Pengetahuan, Pengelolaan Sampah, Perilaku, Bertanggung jawab siswa
Return to Work Following Shoulder Surgery
Authors: Jayasekara Mudith , Lam Patrick H. , Murrell George A.C.
Published: July 2020

Background:

There is limited information on patients’ ability to return to work (RTW) after the majority of shoulder surgical procedures.

Methods:

This study was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on 1,773 consecutive patients who underwent shoulder surgery performed by a single surgeon from 2004 to 2017. A validated L’Insalata Shoulder Questionnaire was used to collect information on 32 preoperative factors, which were used for analysis. The questionnaire included the premorbid level of work and the levels preoperatively and at 6 months postoperatively.

Results:

Six months following the shoulder operations, 77% of the patients returned to work (40% with full duties and 37% with light duties). Concomitant rotator cuff repair and stabilization was associated with the highest RTW rate (90%) whereas some of the lowest RTW rates were associated with reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (56%) and total shoulder arthroplasty (71%). The highest rate of RTW with full duties was associated with debridement for calcific tendinitis (62%). Capsular release provided a significant improvement in work level (on a scale ranging from none to strenuous) from preoperatively to postoperatively (p = 0.0116). Older patients with stiffer shoulders who were not working preoperatively had the lowest RTW rate at 6 months.

Conclusions:

To our knowledge, this is the largest study of RTW outcomes of shoulder surgical procedures, and it showed that 4 out of 5 patients were able to RTW 6 months postoperatively with approximately half resuming full duties and half, lighter duties. Capsular release was the only procedure to result in a significant improvement in work level within 6 months. The best independent predictors of RTW were younger age, less stiffness, and working preoperatively.

Level of Evidence:

TherapeuticLevel IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Effect of chitosan coating on the quality characteristics of rohu (Labeo rohita) fillets during chilled storage
Authors: Nawaz Nazia , Arshad Muhammad , Mehmood Naunain , Hassan Wardah , Shah Syed Zakir Hussain , Siddique Farzana
Published: July 2020

The current work was undertaken to examine the effect of chitosan as a natural edible coating on the quality of rohu (Labeo rohita) fillets during 30 days of chilled storage. The fish fillets were treated with different concentrations of chitosan (0.1, 0.25, 0.5 and 1% chitosan) and fish fillet without addition of chitosan was kept as control. Sampling was done initially on the 0th day and thereafter at ten day intervals and were examined periodically for water holding capacity (WHC), water extractable protein (WEP), salt extractable protein (SEP), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), pH, total viable count (TVC), psychrotrophic count (PTC) and sensory characteristics. Findings indicated that chitosan coating aided in retaining the quality and extended the shelf life of rohu fillets during refrigerated storage suggesting the suitability of using chitosan as a bio-preservative to extend the shelf life of chilled stored fish.
Spatio-temporal variations in length-weight relationship and condition factor of two notopterids, Chitala chitala (Hamilton, 1822) and Notopterus notopterus (Pallas, 1769)
Authors: Chandran Rejani , K Singh Rajeev , Singh Achal , Paul Pradipta , Sah Rama Shankar , Kumar Rajesh , Mohindra Vindhya , Lal Kuldeep Kumar , Jena J. K.
Published: July 2020

Length-weight relationship and condition factor of Chitala chitala (Hamilton, 1822) and Notopterus notopterus (Pallas, 1769) was studied from 439 samples of C. chitala collected from 14 locations and 368 samples of N. notopterus colleted from 19 locations in Indian rivers. The regression coefficient ranged from 2.24 (River Gomti) to 3.24 (River Son) in C. chitala and 2.34 (River Son) to 3.71 (River Krishna) in N. notopterus. Fulton’s condition factor and relative condition factor were found to be greater for N. notopterus than C. chitala in common sites of collection. Spatial variations indicated better biological behaviour for C. chitala in River Son and for N. notopterus in River Chambal. The results of the study form important baseline information for developing sustainable management and conservation measures.
Quantifying the clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) of different age segments based on 60 patients
Authors: Weiwei Gao , Xia Zhang , Zhiliang Hu , Yun Chi , shan Zheng Yi , mei Hu Chun , Xiang Yi Yong , Yi Zeng
Published: July 2020

Background: Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread around the world; therefore, more attention should be paid to the clinical features of COVID-19, with the aim of improving the diagnosis and treatment of patients. Methods: By 15 February 2020, 60 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 had been admitted to Nanjing Second Hospital. We analyzed the clinical features of different age segments infected with COVID-19 prospectively, including epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics; treatment, clinical outcomes, and prognosis of this cohort of patients. Results: The cohort comprised 29 male and 31 female patients (median age = 46.18 years old (range: 18–97). Fifty-five (91.7%) patients had a clear epidemiological contact history. The average incubation period was 7.92 days. The most common clinical manifestations were fever (85%) and cough (75%). Peripheral white blood cell counts were mostly normal at admission, 7 days, and 14 days, with no differences among patients of different ages. The lymphocyte counts of all patients were in the normal range on admission, and after 7 days and 14 days of treatment; however, the lymphocyte count in > 65-year-old patients was less than that in the < 40 and 40–65-year-old groups after 7 and 14 days of treatment (P < 0.05, respectively). At admission, the CD4 T lymphocyte count was within the normal range; however, the CD4 T lymphocyte count in >65-year-old group was less than that in the < 40 and 40–65-years-old groups after 14 days of treatment. The CD4 T lymphocyte counts were 723.46 ± 243.82/ml (< 40), 640.00 ± 242.30/ml (40–65), and 399.88 ± 256.16/ml (> 65) (P =0.0075). The > 65-years-old group had higher levels of lactate dehydrogenase (269.83 ± 73.36 vs. 208.52 ± 35.67 and 243.83 ± 76.66) after 14 days (P = 0.0496). Imaging revealed more lesions in the 40–65 and > 65-year-old groups (P < 0.0001). The days after the nucleic acid detection turned negative in the three age groups were: 9.19 ± 3.93 (< 40), 10.04 ± 4.10 (40–65), and 13.57 ± 2.76 (> 65) (P = 0.0373). After antiviral treatment, together with anti-infection regimen if the patient with lung infection and continuous oxygen inhalation if the patient is hypoxic, all patients achieved total recovery and were discharged with follow-up. Conclusion: Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia generally had an epidemiological history. Older patients showed more extensive lesions upon admission, more severe illness, slower recovery of immune function, the longer viral nucleic acid persistence.
Bezoar types in children and etiological factors affecting bezoar formation
Authors: Dörterler Mustafa Erman , Günendi Tansel , Çakmak Mehmet , Shermatova Saime
Published: July 2020

Background

Bezoar is formed as a result of the accumulation of undigested food or foreign substances in the gastrointestinal tract (GIS). The present study aims to investigate the bezoar types seen in children and the etiological factors involved in bezoar formation.
Methods

A total of 16 patients who underwent an endoscopy and/or surgical treatment for bezoar at Harran University, Faculty of Medicine Pediatric Surgery Clinic between 2011 and 2019 were included in the study. The demographic information, laboratory and radiological findings were obtained from the patients’ file records
Results

A total of 10 patients (62.5%) were female with a mean age of 7.8 ± 4.9 years. Phytobezoars were detected in 10 patients, trichobezoars in 2 patients, lactobezoar in 1 patient, and other types in 3 patients. The etiological factors were determined to be congenital GIS anomaly in 6 (37.5%) patients; trichotillomania in 2 (12.5%) patients; mental retardation in 2 (12.5%) patients; ingestion of a foreign body during infancy in 2 (12.5%) patients; high intake of high-fiber fruit in 3 (18.5%) patients; and postoperative dysmotility in 2 (12.5%) patients.
Conclusions

Congenital GIS anomalies are mostly responsible for bezoar etiology in children and phytobezoar is the most common type of bezoar.
The use of the Heter-LP algorithm to reposition antibiotics for managing E. coli mastitis in dairy cattle
Authors: Sharifi Somayeh , Shahreza Maryam Lotfi , Pakdel Abbas , Reecy James M. , Ghadiri Nasser , Atashi Hadi , Motamedi Mahmoud , Ebrahimie Esmaeil
Published: July 2020

Mastitis, a disease with high incidence worldwide, is the most prevalent and costly disease in the dairy industry. Environmental mastitis pathogens, such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), are major etiological agents of bovine mastitis in well-managed dairy farms. However, there is still a need to develop more efficient, safe, and economical treatments for mastitis. In the current research, Heter-LP, a new system biology-based method of drug repositioning, was applied to potentially identify novel therapeutic avenues for the treatment of E. coli mastitis. On-line data repositories relevant to known diseases, drugs, and gene targets along with other specialized biological information for E. coli mastitis, including key genes with robust bio-signatures, drugs and related diseases were used as input data for analysis with the Heter-LP algorithm. Our analyses identified novel drugs such as Glibenclamide, Ipratropium, Salbutamol, and Carbidopa as possible therapeutics that could be used against E. coli mastitis. Predicted relationships can be used by pharmaceutical scientists or veterinarians to find commercially efficacious medicines or combination of two or more active compounds to treat mastitis.
Characterization of Circulating Mucosal Associated Invariant T cells in Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Hassan Mohamed M Abu , Elsafi Salah , Omar Suliman Y Al , Halawaani Hafez , Mansour Lamjed , Woodman Alexander , Ahmed Huda A
Published: July 2020

Background: Although MAIT cells regulate the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases, their roles in the development of colorectal cancer are still unclear. The objectives of this study is to investigate the level of circulating MAIT cells and the level of expression of the membranous KIRs receptors among CRC patients and control subjects. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolate and of MAIT cells were phenotypically identified by flow cytometry using various monoclonal antibodies. The presence of HLA-C1 and HLA-C2 groups were typed by PCR. Results: The percentage of MAIT cells were higher in CRC patients compared to control subjects. The percentage of MAIT cells was higher in patients with CRC in stage III and IV, but lower in stage II compared with control subjects. High frequency of HLA - C2 among patients with CRC (87%) compared with control subjects (74.4%). The protein expression of MAIT cells associated phenotyping antigens and some KIR receptors such as CD45RA, CD45RO, CD62L, CD11a, CD158a, CD158b, CD158e and CD158f were reported. A relatively lower percentage of CD45RA expression was seen in CRC patients compared with control subjects. There was a significant reduction in CD45RO, CD62L, CD158a, CD158e and CD158f expression in CRC patients. Stratification analysis of 46 CRC patients indicated that the percentages of circulating MAIT cells were lower in stage II and higher in stages III, and IV. The frequencies of circulating MAIT cells had not been reduced in patients with colorectal cancer.Conclusions: The number and level of circulating MAIT cells were evaluated in peripheral blood of CRC patients and control subjects. We compared the frequency of CD158a+MAIT cells in all stages of CRC and control subjects in the presence of its ligand HLA-C2 and found a significantly reduction in all stages of CRC. We stratified CRC patients and found that CD158b+ MAIT cells were decreased as the diseases progress to advancing cancer stages. When comparing the proportion of CD158a and b+ MAIT cells in all stages with control subjects, the results showed inverse correlation with cancer stages in CRC patients and the median gradually decrease in each stage.
Lactobacillus fermentum strains from rice water and lemon pickle with potential probiotic properties and wastewater treatment applications
Authors: Prakash Vidhya , Veedu Archana Palillam Veedu Palillam , Babu Pradeesh , Jothish Abhirami , Nair Sruthy S , Suhail Alin , Prabhakar Meera , Rajan Raveena , S Priyanka , Nair Bipin G , Pal Sanjay
Published: July 2020

Enteric infection by faecal contamination of drinking water is a major concern in developing nations contributing to the huge burden of malnutrition and infant mortality. We have developed a holistic approach, named as gut to gutter approach, to treat wastewater treatment, by screening potential probiotic strains from staple food sources. The strains could be potentially used for competing out the enteric pathogens in different applications such as food and wastewater treatment. We focused on two strains isolated from rice water (RS) and lemon pickle (T1), identified as Lactobacillus fermentum and characterized for their probiotic and wastewater treatment capabilities. The strains showed many probiotic properties (tolerance to low pH (pH 3), bile salts up to 0.5% and simulated gastric juice at low pH and binding to extracellular matrix molecules, heparin and gelatin. Auto-aggregation of T1 was in the range of 85% and the strain exhibited significant co-aggregating ability with enteric pathogens, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella enterica and E. coli (MDR) with 48%, 79% and 65% respectively. Both strains had a higher binding affinity to gelatin and heparin, compared to widely claimed “probiotic” Bacillus clausii and the pathogenic E. coli ET. The strains had high galactosidase activities. Further, the cell free supernatant from RS showed BLIS (bacteriocin like inhibitory substance) activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica at 60%, 48% and 30% respectively. T1 strains and B. clausii effectively reduced the coliform count by by 90% (1-log) when immobilized in a biofilter to treat wastewater.
Risk factors associated with depressive symptoms in older people based on comprehensive geriatric assessment in Chongqing China
Authors: Duan Jingxi , Wang Xia , Yu Weihua , Deng Yongtao , Tu Qi , Giri Mohan , Xiao Mingzhao , Lü Yang
Published: July 2020

Background

As a common geriatric syndrome in the elderly, depression is often associated with many risk factors. The occurrence of depression shows cultural and geographical differences.
Aims

To explore the prevalence of depression and risk factors associated with depressive symptoms in the elderly peoples in Chongqing, China.
Methods

A cross-sectional study based on comprehensive geriatric assessment questionnaire was conducted among 925 participants aged 60 years or older. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale. Risk factors related to depression were evaluated, including gender, age, education, marital status, type of work, living status, chronic diseases, disability, self-reported health, smoking, alcohol, exercise, and current working status.
Results

219 (23.67%) of elderly participants suffered from depressive symptoms. Unmarried status, older age, poor self-reported health, disability, irregular exercise and chronic diseases were significantly associated with depressive symptoms in the elderly (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that independent predictors of geriatric depression included unmarried status, poor self-reported health and disability.
Conclusions

The prevalence of depressive symptoms is high in Chinese old people. Risk factors of depression are mainly social support- and lifestyle- associated. Evaluation of risk factors is a vital strategy for preventing depression and taking interventions.
Virus Matrix Interference on Assessment of Virucidal Activity of High-Touch Surfaces Designed to Prevent Hospital-Acquired Infections
Authors: Walji Sadru-Dean , Aucoin Marc Gordon
Published: July 2020

Objectives/PurposeHigh-touch surfaces are a critical reservoir in the spread of nosocomial infections. Although disinfection and infection control protocols are well developed, they lack the ability to passively reduce the pathogenic load of high-touch surfaces. Copper and its alloys have been suggested as a surface that exhibit continuous biocidal effects. Antimicrobial studies on these surfaces are prevalent, while virucidal studies are not as well explored. The goal of this study was to first determine the virucidal activity of a copper-nickel-zinc alloy and to then examine the effect of soiling and virus preparation on virucidal activity.MethodsA baculovirus vector was used as an easily quantifiable model of an infectious enveloped animal cell virus. Droplets containing virus were deposited on surfaces and allowed to stay wet using humidity control or were dried onto the surface. Virus was then recovered from the surface and assayed for infectivity. To examine how the composition of the droplet affected the survival of the virus, 3 different soiling conditions were tested. The first two were recommended the United Stated Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the third consisted of cell debris resulting from virus amplification.ResultsA copper-nickel-zinc alloy was shown to have strong virucidal effects for an enveloped-virus surrogate. Copper, nickel, and zinc ions were all shown to leach from the alloy surface and are the likely cause of virucidal activity by this surface. Virucidal activity was achieved under moderate soiling, but lost under high soiling generated by routine virus amplification procedures. The surface was able to repeatably inactivate dried virus droplets under moderate soiling conditions, but unable to do so for virus droplets kept wet using high humidity.ConclusionIon leaching was associated with virucidal activity in both wet and dried virus conditions. Soiling protected the virus by quenching metal ions, and not by inhibiting leaching. The composition of the solution containing virus plays a critical role in evaluating the virucidal activity of surfaces and surface coatings.
Prognostic impact of maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the primary lesion on survival in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: A retrospective study
Authors: Qiu Xiaoling , Liang Hongge , Zhong Wei , Zhao Jing , Chen Minjiang , Zhu Zhaohui , Xu Yan , Wang Mengzhao
Published: July 2020

Background: Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has been widely recognized for diagnosing and staging lung cancer, but the prognostic value of standardized uptake value (SUV) in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains controversial. We aim to explore whether fluorodeoxyglucose uptake has prognostic significance in patients with advanced NSCLC. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the data of patients with advanced NSCLC who had undergone PET/CT before systemic treatment between June 2012 and June 2016. The relationship between the SUV of the pulmonary lesion and lesion size was evaluated via Spearman’s correlation analysis. We collected patients’ clinical and pathological data. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze the factors influencing survival.Results: Altogether, 157 patients with advanced NSCLC were included. Among these, 135 died, 13 survived, and 9 had incomplete data (median follow-up period of 69 months). SUV was correlated with lesion size and was significantly greater for tumors ≥3 cm than for tumors <3 cm (10.2±5.4 vs. 5.6±3.3, t=-6.709, p=0.000). Univariate analysis showed that survival was associated with gender, tumor size, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation, SUV of the primary lung lesion, and treatment line. Multivariate analysis showed a significant correlation between SUV of the primary lung lesion and survival. The mortality risk of patients with SUV ≤6 was 35% lower than that of patients with SUV >6 (95% CI 0.436-0.972, Wald value 4.400, p=0.036). Conclusions: The SUV of the primary lung lesion on PET/CT is significantly correlated with survival in previously untreated patients newly diagnosed with advanced NSCLC.
Outcomes and Quality of Recovery at One Year Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Sri Lanka
Authors: Ranasinghe Walithotage Gotabhaya , Beane Abi , Priyadarshani Gamage Dona Dilanthi , Vithanage Thamal Dasitha Palligoda , Colombage Don Dhanushka Eranga , Rajakanthan Kanapathipillai , Rajapakse Sanjeewa , Ponnamperuma Chandrike Janminda , Karunarathne Suneth , Silva Ambepitiyawaduge Pubudu De , Sovis Wellaf Fransiskuge Rasika Deepal , Sajeev Shellvacumar , Jayasinghe Vishwa Prabhath , Schultsz Constance , Dondorp Arjen M , Haniffa Rashan
Published: July 2020

Background

. Long term quality of recovery following percutaneous coronary intervention in Sri Lanka are unknown. We evaluated quality of recovery at one year, compliance with secondary prevention medications and access to and uptake of cardiac rehabilitation services.
Methods

. The GRACE Risk Model was used to compare predicted and actual mortality at hospital discharge and at one-year. Quality of recovery was assessed by the Seattle Angina Questionnaire. Compliance with secondary prevention therapy was assessed using international guidelines. Access to cardiac rehabilitation was assessed via telephone- administered interview.
Results

. Between April 2017 and March 2018, 699 consecutive patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. Mortality at one year was 13.6% (93); predicted mortality was (4.5–11%). Functional activity was significantly worse at one year 64.4 (75.6–55.6) compared to pre-admission (100, 100 − 84.4) (P-value < 0.01). Frequency of angina was greater at one year (80, IQR = 100 − 60), compared with 1-month post-discharge (100[IQR = 100 − 80], P-value < 0.01). Stability of angina remained unchanged (median[IQR] = 72[100 − 50]). Patients’ perceptions of treatment satisfaction were high (P-value < 0.01), disease perceptions worsened (P-value < 0.01). Self-perceived compliance with secondary prevention therapy ranged from 75%-82%. Of the 362 patients followed up 146 (44.5%) reported being offered the opportunity to attend cardiac rehabilitation; 128 (87.7%) attended.
Conclusions

. Outcomes at one year were poorer than expected. Patient-reported levels of satisfaction were high, despite worsening burden of symptoms. Research is needed to better understand patients' expectations of quality of acute myocardial infarction care.
Quality of Life and Independence in Activities of Daily Living in Epidermolysis Bullosa
Authors: Chan Jennifer M , Segovia Nicole A. , Ladd Amy L.
Published: July 2020

Background: Epidermolysis bullosa is a rare genetic skin disorder with four main types. One of the most debilitating subtypes is recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB). Patients experience frequent blister formation that occurs spontaneously or as a result of minor pressure or friction. This often leads to scarring and fibrosis of the skin, contracture development, pseudosyndactyly of the hands, and chronic pain. Functionally patients experience decreased independence in their activities of daily living and quality of life. The relationship of engagement in activities of daily living and perceived quality of life has not been studied for this population. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to find evidence to support this relationship through the correlation of a patient-reported independence in activities of daily living questionnaire and a patient-reported quality of life measure developed for persons with EB. Results: 19 subjects with RDEB aged 9-25 were recruited from a multidisciplinary EB center from 2014-2017. The results demonstrate a slight positive trend in the correlation of independence in activities of daily living and quality of life, though the data was not sufficient to be statistically significant. Conclusion: The results of this study have implications for further research with recommendations to recruit a greater number of subjects. Use of a more sensitive and robust assessment of activities of daily living that also includes leisure skills may yield more statistically significant data. In addition, the findings confirm the important role that occupational therapy has in addressing patient needs and facilitating greater functional independence.
In Vivo Toxicity and the Antioxidant Activity of the Hot Water Extract of Glechoma Hederacea
Authors: Chung Yun-Chin , Liao Jiunn-Wang , Li Kuo-Yuan , Jhan Jyun-Kai , Chou Su-Tze
Published: July 2020

Background

Glechoma hederacea belongs to the Labiatae family and has many biological effects. Our previously in vitro studies, hot water extract of G. hederacea (HWG) possessed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Also, the Ames test indicated that HWG had no mutagenicity. However, the in vivo toxicity and antioxidant capacity have not been clearly demonstrated. Thus, this study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant properties and the safety level of HWG by using animal models.
Methods

The genotoxicity were performed by micronucleus assays in mice. Acute oral toxicity and 28-day repeated feeding toxicity tests were performed via the oral gavage method for Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Furthermore, the effect of HWG on the oxidation–antioxidation equilibrium of male rats was also evaluated.
Results

HWG did not induce an increase in micronucleus ratios in vivo, no acute lethal effect at a maximum tested dose of 5.0 g HWG /kg bw was observed in rats. The 28-day oral toxicity study revealed the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of HWG in rats was 1.0 g/kg bw. The HWG-treatment significantly elevated the vitamin C level and the SOD activity in heart, and increased the vitamin E concentrations in brain. The HWG-treatment maintained the balance of the glutathione level and the activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Besides, the level of lipid peroxidation and plasma of total antioxidant status (TAS) showed that HWG-treated rats were not significantly changed compared with the control group.
Conclusions

HWG had no genotoxicity, and did not induce acute or subacute toxicity in SD rat. The level of no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of HWG rats was 1.0 g/kg bw for subacute toxicity study. HWG possessed antioxidant potential and reduced oxidative stress by improving the antioxidant system in animal.
Mesenchymal stem cells in synovial fluid increase in knees with degenerative meniscus injury after arthroscopic procedures through the endogenous effects of CGRP and HGF
Authors: Watanabe Naoto , Endo Kentaro , Komori Keiichiro , Ozeki Nobutake , Mizuno Mitsuru , Katano Hisako , Kohno Yuji , Tsuji Kunikazu , Koga Hideyuki , Sekiya Ichiro
Published: July 2020

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in synovial fluid increase after traumatic meniscus injuries. However, MSC kinetics in synovial fluid may differ for knees with degenerative meniscus injuries. Furthermore, the combination of surgical repair and synovial MSC transplantation has been found to improve clinical symptoms in patients with degenerative meniscus injury, and in this treatment, only the operation procedure without MSC transplantation might increase MSCs in synovial fluid; if so, soluble factors in synovial fluid will be involved. The purpose is this study was to examine whether MSCs exist in synovial fluid of knees with degenerative meniscus injury, to investigate whether MSCs in synovial fluid increase after harvest of synovium and meniscus repair, and to explore what soluble factors in synovial fluids affect the number of MSCs in synovial fluid.Methods: Subjects were 7 patients with degenerative meniscus injury who underwent meniscal repair and synovial MSC transplantation. Synovial fluid (Pre) was aspirated from knees before harvest of synovium and meniscus repair. After 2 weeks, synovial fluid (Post) was aspirated again before transplantation of synovial MSCs. A half volume of the synovial fluid was plated and cultured for 2 weeks to count the colony formation. The other half was used for antibody array analysis, and the correlation coefficients between the signal intensity and colony number were measured in 503 factors. Factors with high correlation coefficients were verified by migration assay.Results: While cell colonies derived from synovial fluid (Pre) were hardly observed, greater numbers of colonies from synovial fluid (Post) were demonstrated. Of the 503 factors, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) had high correlation coefficients between colony number and expression level. Both CGRP and HGF promoted migration of synovial fluid MSCs. Conclusions: MSCs in synovial fluid were hardly seen in knees with degenerated meniscus injury. They significantly increased 2 weeks after harvest of synovium and meniscus repair. Both CGRP and HGF in synovial fluid can possibly induce MSCs from synovium into synovial fluid.
Optimized Laboratory Detection Strategy for COVID-19 Patients Reduces the Rate of Missed Diagnosis
Authors: Chang Wenjiao , Shi Yuru , Qi Yingjie , Liu Jiaxing , Liu Ting , Chen Zhaowu , Liu Dongfeng , Yin Ming , Xu Jing , Yang Yun , Ge Jing , Zhu Shu , Gao Yong , Ma Xiaoling
Published: July 2020

Background: Novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) is an emerging, highly contagious community acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by severe acute SARS-CoV-2. Nucleic acid test currently played a crucial role in diagnosis of suspected COVID-19 patients. However, a high false-negative rate of this “gold standard” test has been reported and posed a major setback in blocking the spread of the virus. We here aim to describe an optimized laboratory detection strategy to reduce the false negative rate. Methods: Suspected NCP patients were asked to collect both coughed up specimen and pharyngeal swab. Samples from the same patient were mixed and tested at a single pool. SARS-CoV-2 was then detected by real-time RT-PCR using two different detection kits. Only if both results were negative was the test reported as negative. The patients will be excluded after two consecutive negative tests at 24 hour intervals. We also used multiplex PCR to detect 13 common respiratory tract pathogens (RTP). Results: Using this strategy, we confirmed 85 SARS-CoV-2 infections from 181 suspected patients, and 94.12% of patients were positive in the first test. The 96 excluded patients were followed up, and no additional NCP was found. We also found that 31.25% patients in 96 non-NCP patients were infected with at least one RTP that may cause CAP. Conclusion: Our studies suggest that dual reagents screening with pooled coughed up specimen and pharyngeal swab samples reduced the false negative rate of nucleic acid testing. During the epidemic of NCP in Anhui province, there was a certain proportion of infection and co-infection of other common pathogens of CAP. In comparison with SARS-CoV-2 detection alone, combining multiple pathogen detection reduces the rate of miss diagnosis.
The Beneficial Effect of Physical Activity on Cognitive Function in Community-Dwelling Older Persons with Locomotive Syndrome: Results of a Pilot Study
Authors: Nakamura Misa , Imaoka Masakazu , Hashizume Hiroshi , Tazaki Fumie , Hida Mitsumasa , Nakao Hidetoshi , Omizu Tomoko , Kanemoto Hideki , Takeda Masatoshi
Published: July 2020

Bckground: Cognitive decline is closely related to motor decline. Locomotive syndrome (LS) is defined as a state associated with a high risk of requiring support because of locomotive organ disorders, and can be evaluated using the Locomo 25 questionnaire. This study aimed to clarify the effectiveness of daily physical activity on cognitive function based on the presence or absence of LS.Methods: Community-dwelling older people who participated in a 3-month health class were divided into two populations based on Locomo 25 scores: < 7 (non-LS) and ³ 7 (LS). Cognitive function was evaluated using the Japanese version of Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R). Average daily physical activity (exercise [Ex]) was measured using a portable activity meter.Results: The Ex threshold for the increase in cognitive function based on receiver operating curve analysis was 2.29 (p < 0.05) in the LS population. After 13 weeks, cognitive scores were significantly higher (p = 0.015, hp2 = 0.261) and Locomo 25 scores were lower in the Ex ³ 2.29 than in the Ex < 2.29 group (p = 0.052, hp2 = 0.176) in LS population. Furthermore, a significant increase in the ACE-R memory domain was seen in the Ex ³ 2.29 group (analysis of variance, p = 0.013, hp2 = 0.259).Conclusions: These results suggest that daily physical activity not only improve Locomo 25 scores, but also increase cognitive function in LS populations. Therefore, locomotor deterioration appears to be a useful evaluation index for deciding when to start exercise for the prevention of dementia.Trial registrationThe trial protocol and the trial were registered at the University Hospital Medical InformationNetwork Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000030404) at January 1st, 2018.
Dosimetric and biological comparison of treatment plans between EDGE and CyberKnife systems in stereotactic body radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer
Authors: Dai Zhitao , Zhu Lian , Cao Tingting , Wang Aihua , Guo Xueling , Wang Zhenguo , Liu Yongming , Zhuang Yayun , Yang Peiying , Li Ning , Zhang Huojun , Xiang Zuoling
Published: July 2020

Aims: The aim of this study was to make a quantitative comparison of plan quality between MLC-based EDGE system and the cone-based CyberKnife system in stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for patients with localized prostate cancer.Materials and methods: Ten patients with prostate volumes ranging from 34.65 to 82.16 cc were used for prostate SBRT. Treatment plans were created for both EDGE and CyberKnife G4 systems using the same dose-volume constraints. Dosimetric indices including Planning Tumor Volume (PTV) coverage, conformity index (CI), new conformity index (nCI), homogeneity index (HI), gradient index (GI) were applied for target, while the sparing of critical organs, including bladder, rectum, femoral heads, urethra, penile bulk and normal tissue outside PTV), were evaluated interms of various dose-volume metrics and integral dose (ID). Meanwhile, the required delivery time and number of monitor units (MUs) during irradiation were measured to estimate the treatment efficiency. The radiobiological indices such as equivalent uniform dose (EUD), tumor control probability (TCP) and the normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) were also analyzed. Results: All dose constraints were achieved by both systems. It showed that the DEGE plans results were closest to the CK plans results in terms of PTV coverage, HI and GI. For EDGE, more conformal dose distribution in the target as well as reduced exposure of critical organs were obtained together with reduction of 91% delivery time and 72% monitor units. EDGE plans also got lower EUD for bladder, rectum, urethra and penile bulk, which associated with reduction of NTCPs. However, higher values of EUD and TCP for tumor were obtained with CK plans. ﻿Conclusions: Our study indicated that both systems were capable of producing almost equivalent plan quality and can meet clinical requirements. CyberKnife G4 system has higher target dose while EDGE system has more advantages based on the considerations of normal tissue sparing and delivery efficiency. With abundant clinical experience, CK provides accurate SBRT treatment with high quality. EDGE system also can be considered to be an option for SBRT treatment for localized prostate cancer treatment.