bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Matthew Arnold (1822–1888) – prekursor pedagogiki porównawczej w XIX-wiecznej Anglii oraz jego poglądy na edukację
Authors: Włoch Anna
Published: March 2021

The aim of the article is to present the achievements of Matthew Arnold’s in the development of European comparative education and to show his views on the changes in education in 19th century England against the background of other European countries. In the works on comparative education, a French writer Marc-Antoine Jullien de Paris (1775–1848) is regarded as one of precursors of this scientific field (currently treated as a pedagogical subdiscipline), however, as also emphasized by Józef Miąso, the British comparativists: Matthew Arnold, Thomas Darlington and Robert Morant have significantly contributed to the development of European comparative education1. The achievements of British educators, sociologists and historians in this area are underestimated and almost unknown in Poland.The development of English educational system in 19th century was different in many ways from other educational systems in continental Europe, so that the works of English comparativists, such as Matthew Arnold are unique and very important for better understanding of the historical development of comparative research methodology and also the specifics of English schools system.The article also proves that comparative education is a very important field of scientific research and played major role in planning the reforms of educational systems in many countries mainly in XIX and XX century. M. Arnold’s analyses could be still valid in XXI century.The study used the method of documental analysis, original Matthew Arnold’s works in the field of education and English-language scientific publications dealing with his achievements in the field of popularizing comparative studies. A new overview of M. Arnold’s achievement will ensure the use of sociological analyzes.
Obcokrajowcy studiujący w Polsce w okresie międzywojennym w dokumentach Ministerstwa Wyznań Religijnych i Oświecenia Publicznego
Authors: Kula Ewa , Pękowska Marzena
Published: March 2021

After regaining independence, in 1918–1939 there was a rapid development of scientific culture in Poland. The aim was to recreate the network of Polish scientific institutions, to create new centers from scratch and to increase the number of scientific staff. Efforts were also made to include the Polish scientific community in world science. Cultural relations with other countries were maintained, inter alia, by implementing the provisions and conventions on intellectual cooperation signed by Poland with other countries. These documents also included issues related to teaching. The aim of the presented study is to show students’ scholarship exchange, first of all granting scholarships to foreign students during the interwar period by the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Public Education. The basis of the research are mainly archival sources concerning the initiation and support of scholarship activities, collected in Central Archives of Modern Records in Warsaw. Analysis of the sources made it possible to develop a preliminary chara-cterization of these initiatives.
The History of Education System and Authority in Israel from the Ottoman period to our days
Authors: Peled Eyal
Published: March 2021

During the short history of its existence, even before the state of Israel was born, the Education system in the area known today as Israel has constantly faced the challenge of providing equal, or at least somewhat state-controlled curriculum, budgeting and education in general. During the major periods of government change, various religious, socioeconomic and political groups had tried to reshape the education system to match their needs, creating schools, programs and funding plans accordingly. However, despite the evolving legislation and awareness, the Israeli Education System is heavily segregated based on religion, origins, and other factors. Whole populations are exempted by choice, or by lack of lobbying, while the main system remains to bring equity to a highly heterogenic school system. This article will show the challenges, stratification changes and shifts the system has faced on the way to provide quality education to the children of Israeli state.
Szafa marzeń. Dziecięce kryjówki w E.T. Stevena Spielberga
Authors: Kostyra Karolina
Published: March 2021

The filmmakers made efforts to present reality from a child’s viewpoint. Among the strategies applied for this purpose, we find a detailed approach to grasping the atmosphere of children’s bedrooms. The wardrobe, intimate lighting, cozy nooks and child’s props allow the creation of a space of autonomy and the uncanny effect, which slips away from adults’ perception. The author uses works on the anthropology of place, the psychoanalysis of dreams, film studies analyses of E.T. and also the history of cinematic representation of children’s worlds in order to describe the specificity of domestic space in Spielberg’s movie. At the same time, the author proposes that E.T. can be interpreted as a movie about the relative independence of children’s worlds in relation to the overpowering and stiflingAmerican suburbs. If we follow the proposed interpretation, then the popular judgment of E.T. as a conservative and family narration from Reagan’s days would seem to be too one-sided.
Trudna przestrzeń. O filmie Roberta Stando Strach ma wielkie oczy
Authors: Hendrykowski Marek
Published: March 2021

The article analyses and interprets Robert Stando’s little-known educational film Strach ma wielkie oczy [Fear has large eyes]. The film was made in 1965 and produced by the Documentary Film Studio in Warsaw. The author explores the original character of the film, reconstructing the stylistic and compositional techniques used by filmmakers, among others, in the field of cinematography (underwater photography), editing, word function, music, sound effects etc.
Warstwa werbalna ścieżki dźwiękowej jako element współbudowania przestrzeni w filmie
Authors: Skowronek Bogusław
Published: March 2021

The article presents the most typical ways of co-building various types of film space through the verbal layer of the soundtrack: inside the frame and outside of it, diegetic and non-diegetic, and narrative and non-narrative. In order to discuss linguistic ways of co-creating space, the author used the tenets of mediolinguistics and the ideas of the textual image of the world and the linguistic image of the world.
The use of shells in the architecture of the concert halls
Authors: Ermakova Evgenia , Rynkovskaya Marina
Published: March 2021

This paper deals with the use of the shells in the architecture of concert halls through research on the historical development of the concert building’s space. These elements are widely applied in civil engineering and architecture due to the good operational qualities, very rich spectrum of forms, the simplicity of production and its technical efficiency. The article considers two types of shells: conoid and truncated cone to choose the most optimal form for covering the concert hall.
The ℓ-modular representation of reductive groups over finite local rings of length two
Authors: Monteiro Nariel
Published: March 2021

Let

O
2

\mathcal{O}_{2}

and

O
2
′

\mathcal{O}^{\prime}_{2}

be two distinct finite local rings of length two with residue field of characteristic 𝑝.
Let

G
⁢

(

O
2

)

\mathbb{G}(\mathcal{O}_{2})

and

G
⁢

(

O
2
′

)

\mathbb{G}(\mathcal{O}^{\prime}_{2})

be the groups of points of any reductive group scheme 𝔾 over ℤ such that 𝑝 is very good for

G
×

F
q

\mathbb{G}\times\mathbb{F}_{q}

or

G
=

GL
n

\mathbb{G}=\operatorname{GL}_{n}

.
We prove that there exists an isomorphism of group algebras

K
⁢
G
⁢

(

O
2

)

≅

K
⁢
G
⁢

(

O
2
′

)

K\mathbb{G}(\mathcal{O}_{2})\cong K\mathbb{G}(\mathcal{O}^{\prime}_{2})

, where 𝐾 is a sufficiently large field of characteristic different from 𝑝.
Dropout associated with osteopathic manual treatment for chronic noncancerous pain in randomized controlled trials
Authors: Rehman Yasir , Ferguson Hannah , Bozek Adelina , Blair Joshua , Allison Ashley , Johnston Robert
Published: March 2021

Context

Reviews exploring harm outcomes such as adverse effects (AE), all cause dropouts (ACD), dropouts due to inefficacy, and dropouts due to AE associated with osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) or osteopathic manual therapy (OMTh) are scant.

Objectives

To explore the overall AE, ACD, dropouts due to inefficacy, and AE in chronic noncancerous pain (CNCP) patients receiving OMTh through a systematic review of previous literature.

Methods

For this systematic review and meta-analysis, the authors searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), EMCare, and Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), and Ostmed.Dr, as well as the bibliographical references of previous systematic reviews evaluating OMTh for pain severity, disability, quality of life, and return to work outcomes. Randomized controlled trials with CNCP patients 18 years or older with OMTh as an active or combination intervention and the presence of a control or combination group were eligible for inclusion. In this sub-study of a previous, larger systematic review, 11 studies (n=1,015) reported data that allowed the authors to perform meta-analyses on ACD and dropouts due to AE. The risk of bias (ROB) was assessed with the Cochrane ROB tool and the quality of evidence was determined with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

Results

The pooled analysis showed that ACD was not significantly different for visceral OMTh (vOMTh) vs. OMTh control (odds ratio [OR]=2.66 [95% confidence interval [[CI]], 0.28, 24.93]) or for OMTh vs. standard care (OR=1.26 [95% CI, 0.84, 1.89]; I2=0%). Single study analysis showed that OMTh results were nonsignificant in comparison with chemonucleolysis, gabapentin, and exercise. OMTh in combination with gabapentin (vs. gabapentin alone) and OMTh in combination with exercise (vs. exercise alone) showed nonsignificant ACD. Dropouts due to AE were not significantly different, but the results could not be pooled due to an insufficient number of studies.

Conclusions

Most articles did not explicitly report AEs, ACD rates, or dropouts due to AEs and inefficacy. The limited data available on dropouts showed that OMTh was well tolerated compared with control interventions, and that the ACD and dropouts due to AEs were not significantly different than comparators. Future trials should focus on explicit reporting of dropouts along with beneficial outcomes to provide a better understanding of OMTh efficacy.
Spring diet differs among age-sex classes in Atlas Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia lervia) in a fenced nature reserve, Morocco
Authors: Bachiri Hakim , Znari Mohammed , Ait Baamranne Moulay Abdeljalil , Aourir Mohamed
Published: March 2021

Atlas Barbary sheep, Ammotragus lervia lervia, are the only wild caprinid of Northwest Africa. Some studies have investigated their feeding ecology, but there is no information on intraspecific dietary variation. Therefore, we determined the spring diet and its variation between age-sex classes in Atlas Barbary sheep within a fenced nature reserve in the Western High Atlas mountain range, Morocco. We used faecal microhistological analysis to assess diet composition based on a reference epidermis catalogue. The habitat was a highly diversified open mixed forest with 61 identified species (55 genera; 24 families). The herbaceous layer was dominated by grasses, mainly Stipa capensis. Atlas Barbary sheep revealed to be opportunistic grazers, consuming 44 forage species; grasses and forbs constituted 87% of the overall diet. There were significant intraspecific dietary differences. Rams showed a more diverse (42 species) and distinct diet compared to those of ewes (22 species) and juveniles (lambs + yearlings) (only 10 species). All sex-age classes were mostly grazers, adults feeding on grasses and forbs in similar proportions, whereas juveniles feeding basically on grasses (more than 70% of their diet) and almost no forbs. Ewes and juveniles feed on browse at a higher proportion than rams do. Our findings would be useful for the restoration and management of the habitat and food resources within the reserve.
Discursive construction of the farmer-pastoralist conflict in Nigeria
Authors: Nwankwo Cletus Famous
Published: March 2021

The farmer-pastoralist conflict (FPC) in Nigeria has aggravated in recent years. It generated intense debate between 2015 and 2018 because of the aggravation of the conflict and the increased fatalities associated with it. This paper analyses the media representation of the conflict. Data were newspapers’ editorials and regular columnists’ stories and supplemented by government and independent bodies’ reports. Newspapers, as agents of popular culture, play a critical role in the propagation of various discourses of the conflict which seek interpellation and are also contested. This paper shows that the discourse is dichotomous and conflictive between ecological reasoning and ethnic-regional and religious imaginations.
On the Legality and Constitutionality of the Measures by which the Slovenian Government Restricted Constitutional Rights and Freedoms Before and After the 2020 Coronavirus Pandemic: Part 1
Authors: Teršek Andraž , Dragan Jure , Pavlin Damijan , Nastran Barbara , Vražič Nastja
Published: March 2021

The authors analyse the constitutionality of the Ordinance and the constitutionality of restrictions of constitutional rights and freedoms imposed by the Slovenian Government. They systematically and consistently present arguments on the unlawfulness and unconstitutionality of the Ordinance and the constitutional nature of restrictions of constitutional rights and freedoms by the Government (part 1). The decision of the Slovenian Constitutional Court on the legality and constitutionality of measures is critically commented. In the following one of the authors presents analysis and arguments regarding the new ordinances and measures taken by the Slovenian Government after the official end of the pandemic (part 2).
Human Touch Receptors Are Sensitive to Spatial Details on the Scale of Single Fingerprint Ridges
Authors: Jarocka Ewa , Pruszynski J. Andrew , Johansson Roland S.
Published: March 2021

Fast-adapting type 1 (FA-1) and slowly-adapting type 1 (SA-1) first-order tactile neurons provide detailed spatiotemporal tactile information when we touch objects with fingertips. The distal axon of these neuron types branches in the skin and innervates many receptor organs associated with fingerprint ridges (Meissner corpuscles and Merkel cell neurite complexes, respectively), resulting in heterogeneous receptive fields whose sensitivity topography includes many highly sensitive zones or “subfields.” In experiments on humans of both sexes, using raised dots that tangentially scanned the receptive field we examined the spatial acuity of the subfields of FA-1 and SA-1 neurons and its constancy across scanning speed and direction. We report that the sensitivity of the subfield arrangement for both neuron types on average corresponds to a spatial period of ∼0.4 mm and provide evidence that a subfield's spatial selectivity arises because its associated receptor organ measures mechanical events limited to a single papillary ridge. Accordingly, the sensitivity topography of a neuron's receptive fields is quite stable over repeated mappings and over scanning speeds representative of real-world hand use. The sensitivity topography is substantially conserved also for different scanning directions, but the subfields can be relatively displaced by direction-dependent shear deformations of the skin surface.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe branching of the distal axon of human first-order tactile neurons with receptor organs associated with fingerprint ridges (Meissner and Merkel end-organs) results in cutaneous receptive fields composed of several distinct subfields spread across multiple ridges. We show that the subfields' spatial selectivity typically corresponds to the dimension of the ridges (∼0.4 mm) and a neuron's subfield layout is well preserved across tangential movement speeds and directions representative of natural use of the fingertips. We submit that the receptor organs underlying subfields essentially measure mechanical events at individual ridges. That neurons receive convergent input from multiple subfields does not preclude the possibility that spatial details can be resolved on the scale of single fingerprint ridges by a population code.
O kulturotwórczej roli muzeum w projekcie Mieczysława Tretera
Authors:   Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie, Kielak Dorota
Published: March 2021

The article addresses the problem of the culture-creating role of museums designed by Mieczysław Treter in the first years of the Second Polish Republic – an art historian from Lviv, the curator of the Museum of the Lubomirski family name in Lviv and the director of the State Art Collection in Warsaw. The publicist of this author is a testimony of how in the first years after Poland regained independence, attempts were made to develop a new way of thinking about the culture-forming function, status and formula of Polish museums, adequate to the changed realities of life in a free state. It formulated the postulate of treating museums as an institution of Polish cultural policy, an institution supporting the rebuilding of an independent state and its status on the international arena. In the perspective of the perceived role of museum outlets, the way of thinking about culture understood as a constant update of historical values was revealed at the same time. The museum discourse of Treter also revealed the shortcomings of extra-banking thinking about culture, which on the threshold of independence – on the one hand – was to be harnessed in state-building processes, and on the other – to realize values developed in the years of national captivity.
Józef Maria Bocheński wobec niepodległości (po roku 1989)
Authors:   Studium Filozofii i Psychologii Człowieka, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Białymstoku, Breczko Jacek
Published: March 2021

After 1989, Bocheński published three texts (two articles and a book) devoted to the direction in which Poland should move. In the first he criticized Miłosz's article "Denominational state?". He claimed that Polish tradition is closer to the medieval rather than the ancient settlement of the relationship between the state and the Church. And so it is the "religious state". In the second article he specified his views on nationality and the denominational state, admitting to the federalist tradition, but also appreciating Dmowski's tradition. In turn, the last publication is "Sketches collected" from 1932-38, which is an attempt to synthesize nationalism and Catholicism (the author emphasizes in the introduction that although he rejects many old views today, many others still preach). The case of Bocheński (hesitation between pluralism, liberal democracy and unity and nationalism in close connection with Catholicism) is an early example of the dilemma faced by the Polish rightist political and philosophical thought after 1989.
Zagadnienie ‘’zwrotu” w myśli Heideggera w kontekście dziejowości bycia
Authors:   Instytut Filozofii Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, Murzicz Paweł
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the issue of turning (Kehre) in the thought of Martin Heidegger. I show that, in Being and time the question of being posed from the perspective of a distinguished being as Dasein has led to the objectification of being, thus rather reproducing instead of overcoming, the so far way of thinking that Heidegger named “metaphysical”. The turning in Heidegger’s thought consists in his effort to make being independent from human being, i.e. he tries to go beyond the transcendental and subjectivist point of view of Dasein by placing historicality of Dasein against the background of the very existence of being. It is not Dasein who designs being, but on the contrary, being designs understanding for Dasein. In this context, I show that the thinking of being postulated by Heidegger takes the form of thinking the very process of historical presencing of the historic types of interpretation of being.
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE, INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND VALUE CREATION IN BRAZILIAN AND CHILEAN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY COMPANIES.
Authors: CHIARELLO TÀNIA CRISTINA , PLETSCH CAROLINE SULZBACH , DA SILVA ALINI , DA SILVA TARCISIO PEDRO
Published: March 2021

Intangible assets disclosure, even with recent obligation, has brought benefits to companiesvalue and financial performance assistance. This study aims at analyzing the relationshipbetween financial performance, intangible assets disclosure and value creation withinBrazilian and Chilean information technology companies. In order to carry out the survey adescriptive analysis through both documentary research and quantitative approach wasused. Descriptive statistics analysis, t-test and Pearson's correlation helped confirm thatChilean companies disclose more intangible assets and make greater value through reachinggood results in financial performance. Thus, the higher the financial performance, the greaterthe value creation, and the greater the intangible assets disclosure within Chileaninformation technology companies.
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN ASEAN COUNTRIES, 1990-2012.
Authors: BHATT PADMANABHA RAMACHANDRA
Published: March 2021

The objectives of the paper are to study foreign trade and investment dimensions of ASEAN and to study the role of FDI to the growth of exports. Vector autoregression model (VAR) is adopted to estimate the long run causal relationship between exports, foreign direct investment and GDP. The cointegration test result shows that there exists a long run equilibrium relationship between exports, FDI and GDP. It is found from the estimated Error Correction Model that FDI is a significant variable and the result indicates that 1 unit increase in FDI in ASEAN will lead to 1.1 units increase in exports. Wald Test indicates that there is a bilateral relationship between Exports and FDI but unilateral relationship between FDI and GDP and the direction is from FDI to GDP which means that FDI causes GDP.
PECULIARITIES OF IMPLEMENTING THE CONCEPT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY BY RUSSIA’S INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES
Authors: MOROZOVA IRINA , VOLKOV SERGEY
Published: March 2021

The article analyses the features of implementing the concept of corporate social responsibility by Russian industrial enterprises. As the object of the analysis, the authors chose the Volgograd regional administrative office of OOO Lukoil-ENERGOSETI. Based on a wide range of statistical data on the level of CSR development in the region, the article reveals key features of industrial enterprises' corporate social responsibility.
Estratexia económica e financeira das empresas do sector da construción en España durante o período 2008-2012
Authors: Fernández-Vázquez Yolanda , Campa-Planas Fernando , Sánchez- Rebull M.V.
Published: March 2021

A economía española foi historicamente dependente do sector da construción.Antes da crise económica, o sector da construción presentaba unha aportación ao PIB do13% en 2006. O crecemento das empresas construtoras con menos de 20 traballadores,que representaban o 97% do sector, foi do 140,13% no período 1999-2009. A partir de2009 obsérvase un descenso de empresas ata niveis da década dos 90. Analízase nesteartigo a estratexia financeira e económica que seguiron as empresas construtoras quesuperaron o período 2008-2012. Realizouse unha análise cuantitativa do balance desituación e da conta de resultados de 271 empresas construtoras. A mostra foi selecionadado SABI (Sistema de Análise de Balances Ibéricos) e incluíronse as medianas e grandesempresas construtoras que mantiveron tanto o seu volume de ingresos como o número deempregados contratados.
A MODELIZACIÓN DOS CAMBIOS NA LONXEVIDADE DA POBLACIÓN DO PAÍS BASCO E A SÚA ESTIMACIÓN FUTURA
Authors: BETZUEN ÁLVAREZ Amaia Jone , BETZUEN ZALBIDEGOITIA Amancio
Published: March 2021

O obxectivo deste traballo é estimar a tendencia futura da mortaldade da poboación doPaís Basco a través da mellora da mortaldade para o período 1991-2013, para o cal oestudo é validable. A investigación realízase a través dun modelo estocástico bietápico aoque realizamos dúas achegas. Por unha banda, unha información inicial supervisada queposibilitará prognosticar mellor o avellentamento da poboación do País Basco baixo oscriterios de Solvencia II. E por outra, na estimación inclúese unha variante na extensión doparámetro do tempo de calendario mediante unha regresión logarítmica lineal no canto dacoñecida “random walk with drift”.
A PROTESTA AGRARIA DA BURGUESÍA AGROPECUARIA NA ARXENTINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. CONCENTRACIÓN DA PRODUCIÓN, RENDA DA TERRA E UNIDADE CORPORATIVA DA BURGUESÍA AGROPECUARIA, 1970-2008
Authors: SANZ CERBINO Gonzalo
Published: March 2021

Recentemente Arxentina viuse sacudida por un intenso proceso de mobilizaciónda súa burguesía agropecuaria. Durante todo un ano, 2008, o país estivo pendente desteconflito, no que as corporacións agropecuarias se enfrontaron con virulencia contra ogoberno nacional. A protesta agropecuaria non é nova, e dinos moitos das bases sobre asque se sustenta a economía nacional. Neste artigo faremos un percorrido polos principaisconflitos que implicaron a esta fracción da clase dominante ao longo do século XX,prestando especial atención aos cambios e continuidades sofridos polo fenómeno.Intentaremos, a partir deste percorrido histórico, explicar non só os determinantes dosconflitos recentes, senón tamén algúns dos elementos que axudan a comprender o rumboda economía arxentina e as súas crises máis recentes.
The Golden Rain of Pushyk’s Poems
Authors: Slonovska Olha
Published: March 2021

Pushyk S. Ya dlia Vkrainy Zhyv: u 2 t.
[For Ukraine I lived: in 2 vols.]
/ Olha Slonovska, editor and author of foreword
“Zolotyi Doshch Pusykovykh Poezii”
 [The Golden Rain of Pushyk’s Poems].
Misto-NV, Ivano-Frankivsk, 2019.
Breaking New Ground in the Theory and Practice of Historical Lexicography
Authors: Greshchuk Vasyl
Published: March 2021

Dydyk-Meush H. Kombinatoryka v ukrainskii movi ХVІ–ХVІІІ stolit: teoriia, praktyka, slovnyk. Lviv, Instytut ukrainoznavstva im. I. Krypiakevycha, Naukove tovarystvo im. Shevchenka, 2018.
The Dismissal of Mykhailo Drahomanov from the University of St. Volodymyr: Text, Subtext, Context
Authors: Pikhmanets Roman
Published: March 2021

The article discusses the motives and circumstances surrounding the dismissal of Mykhailo Drahomanov from Kyiv University. There is an emphasis on the interdependence of this episode and the Ems Ukaz, its connection with Drahomanov’s Ukrainophile campaign, his previous plans and intentions regarding an overseas publication. The author provides clarifications and corrections of the commonly held perceptions of the above-mentioned events
Idiostylistic Parameters of Fictional Discourse
Authors: Kononenko Vitaliy
Published: March 2021

The article discusses issues associated with identifying the authorial style of modern Ukrainian writers with an emphasis on trends in the development of a renewed writing manner. The author analyzes changes in fictional discourse in general and in the idiostyle of particular authors, which allows for the possibility of identifying patterns in the modernization of stylistic devices, the renewal of imagery, the development of novostyl
Boundaries of word-formation. New reflections on old things
Authors: Smetona Antanas
Published: March 2021

The attitude that word-formation fully coincides with derivation has been well established in the Lithuanian linguistics. The means of formation that fall outside derivation are regarded as peripheries of derivation that are not worth a considerable attention, although formal features of derivation are obvious (skruzdėlė cf. skruzdė), or absolutely fruitless prescriptive discussions about some kind of mistakes (profsąjunga cf. vyrgydytojas) are generated. In addition, composition is attributed to derivation, even when it is not clear where word-formation formant is and how to identify the meaning of forming a compound (nelaižytveršis: nelaižytas veršis). The article puts forward a solution to the discussed problems, which embraces all the formation in the Lithuanian language (not only derivation) and deals with the problems of derivation mentioned here.Seeking to address the problems raised, it is necessary to evaluate the role of language economy in the word-formation and, based on this evaluation, to expand perception of the importance of word-formation. Word-formation embraces not only derivation, but also all other ways of formation that go beyond the boundaries of morphemes. However auxiliary, insignificant or peripheral they may seem, they are a part of an integral word-formation system. All the attributes of this word-formation phenomenon, such as opposition, foundation and formant, synchronically apply to the whole word-formation. For this reason, the boundaries of derivation should be expanded. The most significant question here refers to semantic measuring and the volume of the formation meaning. Taking into account the fact that the main and fully comprehensive function of word-formation is not about increasing the number of words, but rather about rationalisation of their emergence, i.e. language economy, and also assuming that all the aspects of formation meaning (lexical, grammatical as well as economy) overlap and only one of them prevails, the general scheme of formation meaning (not only the derivational meaning) can be presented more or less as follows:Meaning of economy (profsąjunga, mikriukas, epaštas, JT, sodra, nelaižytveršis, eras, skruzdė) economizing means of linguistic expression.Grammatical meaning (gerumas, ėjimas, begalvis, palangė, stiklinė) change in grammatical content economizing means of linguistic expression.   Lexical meaning (žiūrovas, namelis, įlanka, snūduriuoti, rugiagėlė, nueiti) change in lexical content economizing means of linguistic expression and changing grammatical content if necessary.Such explanation of the general meaning of formation and inclusion of language economy expands the understanding of formation beyond the boundaries of derivation and allows referring to a new concept of the word-formation system.
On adverbial clauses in spoken Lithuanian
Authors: Jasionytė-Mikučionienė Erika
Published: March 2021

The aim of the paper is to investigate adverbial clauses of time, cause, condition and concession in spontaneous private communication. The study explores semantic relations between the main and subordinate clauses, grammatical features and predominant conjunctions.The data for the research was collected from the morphologically annotated Corpus of Spoken Lithuanian, namely, its sub-corpus of spontaneous private speech which is used at home, at friends’ place, or which is produced by close friends.The analysis of spontaneous private communication shows that the finite adverbial clauses of time, cause, condition and concession are related to a set of conjunctions, but other indicators such as the use of verbal categories (especially tense, aspect and mood), contextual lexical markers as well as pragmatic inference also help to determine the semantic relationship between the main and the subordinate clause.In a spoken language, temporal clauses are usually combined with the conjunctions kai, kaip ‘when’, kol ‘while’, less frequently – with kada ‘when’; causal clauses are combined with the conjunction nes ‘because; since’, less frequently – with kad and kadangi ‘because’; conditional clauses are typically combined with the conjunction jeigu ‘if’, less frequently – with jei ‘if’, concessive clauses – with the conjunction nors ‘though’. The conjunctions kai ‘when’, kol ‘while’, kadangi ‘because’, jeigu and jei ‘if’ correlate with the particle tai that is very frequent in a spoken language, while the conjunction nors ‘though’ – with the contrastive conjunction bet ‘but’.In the natural language flow, the structure of adverbial sentences is modified: other sentential and discourse units can intervene between the main and the subordinate clauses, and the adverbial conjunction moves from the initial to the medial position.Traditional Lithuanian grammars emphasise that the position of adverbial clauses is undefined: they can appear before or after the main clause. However, the analysis of spontaneous speech shows that the position of a subordinate clause is influenced by the semantic relationship between the clauses. If a subordinate clause refers to a previous action or event, then it dominates in a preposition. Besides, the position of an adverbial clause is also influenced by correlative conjunctions: the main clause with the correlative particle tai dominates in the postposition.The research also revealed that Lithuanian adverbial clauses could function at the discourse level: in dialogues, the structure of a complex sentence is broken down and subordinate adverbial clauses can acquire additional – discourse – functions. Adverbial conjunctions, in their turn, can indicate relations with a previous discourse.
Derivation of verbs attested in the old Lithuanian scripts: infixed and sta-stem anticausatives
Authors: Pakalniškienė Dalia
Published: March 2021

The article presents the analysis of infixed and sta-stem verbs opposed to ia-stem verbs attested in the old Lithuanian scripts, investigating the opposition causative/anticausative. The research has shown that this morphosemantic opposition was amply testified in the earliest Lithuanian written sources – 59 correlations of this type were recorded in total. More than 50 percent of the equivalents of the oppositions attested exist in the Latvian language as well. This suggests that the causative/anticausative formation belongs to the Eastern Baltic period, and has been crucial to the productivity of the class of infixed and sta-stem verbs. Although not so abundant, the correspondences of the oppositions found in the Slavic and Germanic languages presuppose an even earlier chronology of decausation. The regularity of the semantics and formal structure of the oppositions allow the relations of the opposites to be treated as derivative. This is particularly true in the case of the abundant reflexes of “complex-root” oppositions such as CeRC/CiRC. The abundance of non-present and prefixed forms of the analysed verbs testifies to the specificity of this flexional class in terms of actionality: inchoative, completive, limitative or punctual meaning realised by corresponding prefixes was important for the development of the morphosemantic uniformity of decausatives and has inspired new patterns of word formation, the durative/terminative opposition and the derivation of the denominatives in particular. The study of the causative/anticausative verbal opposition in the old Lithuanian scripts is significant for the history of Lithuanian infixed and sta-stem verbs and for a typological linguistic research.
Orthography of books and their authors at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century
Authors: Venckienė Jurgita
Published: March 2021

During development of the Standard Lithuanian language at the end of the 19th century, the dialectal basis was chosen first, and the orthography varied yet for another twenty years. This article analyses the dual orthography – of books and personal orthography of their authors. The study is designed to find out whether the books published during that period reflect the orthographic model chosen by their authors; what factors, in addition to the author’s choice, may have influenced the orthography of the books.The influence of printers on the orthography of books during that period was smaller than before, as many authors did the proofreading themselves. Thus, printers were able to change the orthography in cases where books were printed without the author’s knowledge or consent, such as prayer books. If the author chose unusual, rare, or even self-invented characters, a limited inventory of prints could be a serious obstacle to keep their orthography in the book. As the case of Jonas Basanavičius shows, even when the author offered to finance the acquisition of the necessary prints, this was not necessarily done.At the end of the 19th century, books were published as supplements to periodicals. The editors of newspapers Ūkininkas and Tėvynės sargas adapted the orthography of such books to their periodicals. Under the terms of the press ban, it was often important for authors just to print a book, and the spelling model was chosen by the publisher. However, authors such as Basanavičius, who considered themselves the creators of the standard language, took care to present their chosen or created model of orthography in their books as well.As the cases of Liudvika Didžiulienė, Dominykas Tumėnas and Basanavičius show, two orthographic standards emerged during the research period: correspondence was written one way and books were printed another. Hence, it is not always possible to judge the orthographic model chosen by the authors in books published at the end of the 19th century and the early 20th century.
Modified expressions of field and thermionic-field emission for Schottky barrier diodes in the reverse regime
Authors:   LPMRN Laboratory, Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi, Bordj-Bou-Arreridj 34030, Algeria, Latreche A.
Published: March 2021

In this theoretical work, the author has modified the current-voltage relationship of the field and thermionic–field emission models developed by Padovani and Stratton for the Schottky barrier diodes in the reverse bias conditions with account of the image force correction. Considered in this approach has been the shape of Schottky barrier as trapezoidal. The obtained results show a good agreement between current densities calculated within the framework of these developed models and those calculated using the general model.
Effect of the diffusion temperature on interaction of clusters with impurity atoms in silicon
Authors:   Karakalpak State University named after Berdakh, Uzbekistan, Republic of Karakalpakstan, 230012 Nukus, Abdirov str., 1, Saparniyazova Z.M. , Ismailov K.A. ,   Karakalpak State University named after Berdakh, Uzbekistan, Republic of Karakalpakstan, 230012 Nukus, Abdirov str., 1, Kamalov Kh.U. ,   Karakalpak State University named after Berdakh, Uzbekistan, Republic of Karakalpakstan, 230012 Nukus, Abdirov str., 1
Published: March 2021

In this paper, the results of studies of the effect of the diffusion temperature on interaction of clusters of manganese atoms with the sulfur ones have been presented. It has been shown that the electrical parameters of the samples simultaneously doped with sulfur and manganese completely coincide with the parameters of the initial material, i.e. as if they do not contain not only sulfur and manganese, but also thermodonors are not formed. The obtained results make it possible to exclude the possibility of gettering of impurity atoms or formation of some kind of solid solutions, if taking into account the impurity atoms of manganese and sulfur, which complicates their diffusion in the crystal bulk. It has been established that for the initial p-type silicon with the resistivity close to p ~ 10 Ω·cm, the diffusion temperature of 1100 °C is the most optimal one to form clusters with the maximum participation of the introduced sulfur and manganese atoms.
Optical soliton perturbation and conservation law with Kudryashov’s refractive index having quadrupled power-law and dual form of generalized nonlocal nonlinearity
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, Cyprus, Yildirim Y. , Biswas A. ,   Department of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, Alabama A&M University, Normal, AL 35762–4900, USA,   Department of Mathematics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah–21589, Saudi Arabia,   Department of Applied Mathematics, National Research Nuclear University, 31 Kashirskoe Hwy, Moscow–115409, Russian Federation,   Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Medunsa–0204, South Africa, Kara A.H. ,   School of Mathematics, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits–2050, Johannesburg, South Africa, Ekici M. ,   Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Yozgat Bozok University, 66100 Yozgat, Turkey, Khan S. ,   Department of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, Alabama A&M University, Normal, AL 35762–4900, USA, Belic M.R. ,   Science Program, Texas A&M University at Qatar, PO Box 23874, Doha, Qatar
Published: March 2021

This paper is devoted to optical solitons for Kudryashov’s law of nonlinear refractive index, which stem from quadrupled-power law and dual form of nonlocal nonlinearity. The conservation law has been also exhibited to paint a complete picture of the model.
Investigation of Ge p-i-n photodetector as a part of pulsed laser rangefinder prototype
Authors:   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 41, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Fedorenko A.V. , Vorona I.O. ,   Institute for Single Crystals, NAS of Ukraine, 61001 Kharkiv, Ukraine, Maslov V.P. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 41, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: March 2021

The process of diffusion method for production of high-speed Ge p-i-n photodiodes for a laser rangefinder with a maximum photosensitivity at the wavelength 1.54 μm and a new passivating layer of ZnSe is described. Theoretical modeling of the rangefinder operation in real conditions was performed to determine the requirements for the sensitivity of the photodetector. The threshold sensitivity of the split photodetector as a part of the model of laser rangefinder was experimentally investigated. The correspondence between the calculated values and the sensitivity of the photodetector was ascertained, which allowed to draw the conclusion about the possibility of its application as a part of laser rangefinder.
Back Matter
Authors: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Signifikan
Published: March 2021

Back Matter
Front Matter
Authors: Signifikan Jurnal
Published: March 2021

Front Matter Vol. 7 (1), 2018
Back Matter, Vol. 7(2), 2018
Authors: Signifikan Jurnal
Published: March 2021

Back Matter, Vol. 7(2), 2018
Exposure to Suicidal Behavior and Social Support Among Sexual- and Gender-Minority Youth
Authors: Mitchell Kimberly J. , Banyard Victoria , Goodman Kimberly L. , Strøm Ida F. , Ybarra Michele L.
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVES:

In this study, we examine reports of exposure to suicidal behavior by youth sexual and gender identity. We explore how exposure is related to depressed mood in the context of high social support while accounting for cumulative adversity.

METHODS:

Data from a large national sample of youth aged 14 to 15 years in the United States (N = 3979) were collected online in 2018–2019.

RESULTS:

Sexual- and gender-minority youth were more likely to know someone close to them who attempted suicide, relative to cisgender heterosexual youth. Cisgender heterosexual youth were buffered from recent depressed mood when they endorsed having high social support in the context of exposure to suicidal behavior; less social support did not provide such a buffer. For cisgender sexual-minority male and female youth, exposure to suicidal behavior was related to recent depressed mood regardless of the level of social support. For gender-minority youth assigned female at birth, the combination of exposure and high social support was significantly associated with elevated depressed mood. Cumulative adversity accounted for some but not all of these relationships, indicating the influential role of exposure to suicidal behavior on depressed mood for some youth.

CONCLUSIONS:

These findings illustrate the complexities of social support and raise questions about its potential to magnify stress rather than serve as a buffer for some youth. Although findings need to be replicated, suicide prevention efforts should carefully consider how to promote resilience among these suicide-exposed sexual- and gender-minority youth who may themselves be at risk for suicidal ideation and behavior.
Management activities in the field of wellness physical health activity of population in large cities of Europe: analysis of approaches
Authors: Borodin Yevgeniy , Makashov Valerii
Published: March 2021

Introduction. WHO has adopted a Strategy for Physical Activity and calls on national governments and local governments to update this area. The priority of this area is most obvious in large cities, whose population leads a predominantly sedentary lifestyle, resulting in an increased risk of disease and general deterioration in health both nationally and globally. The purpose of the study is to study the mechanisms of stimulating the population to develop physical activity, involvement in physical culture and mass sports in the activities of local authorities. Analysis of models of social interaction in order to form the commitment of the population to physical activity with the implementation of this value in all spheres of life. Material and methods - analysis of laws, comparative analysis, logical method. The results of the study - in some countries a network of healthy municipalities has been established and operates as part of the implementation of measures to support physical activity. In the EU, local governments have been paying close attention to this for several decades, accumulating a wide range of tools for effective interaction between government, the public and private sectors. Conclusion - this experience is extremely useful for Ukraine, namely in the study of the functions, forms and methods of physical activity management in large cities, especially in the context of the COVID19 pandemic.
Reserva cognitiva e os diferentes perfis de ganho cognitivo em idosos
Authors: Brandebusque Jonatas Calebe , Cipolli Gabriela Cabett , Alonso Vanessa , Defanti Fernanda Mendonça Guarnieri , Cachioni Meire
Published: March 2021

O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar diferentes perfis de ganho cognitivo em idosos para a reserva cognitiva. Trata-se de uma scoping review, utilizando-se PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Science Direct, Lilacs, SciELO, PsycInfo, PsycNet e AgeLine como base de dados; restringiu-se a busca entre o ano de 2008 e 2018. Identificou-se 2295 estudos e 51 foram elegíveis para a revisão. Dentre os 51 estudos selecionados, encontrou-se 9 perfis diferentes para manutenção cognitiva, sendo que 5 estudos não especificaram o perfil. Conclusão: Os perfis encontrados representaram relevância para a teoria de reserva cognitiva e forneceram esclarecimentos de como fatores individuais e de vida diária podem fazer o cérebro mais resiliente no envelhecimento e na velhice; no entanto, esses fatores individuais e o modo como eles contribuem para o desenvolvimento da reserva cognitiva e da manutenção da cognição ainda permanecem obscuras na literatura