bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Azospirillum brasilense and mycorrhizal soil fungi on topinambur grown in a greenhouse
Authors: Gabriela Di Barbaro , Horacio Andrada , Morales Silvana Batallan , Acosta Eliana Espeche , Melisa Rizo , Eleodoro Del Valle , Weht Celia Brandan de
Published: August 2021

To determine the effect of Azospirillum brasilense and soil mycorrhizal fungi on the nutrition of the Jerusalem artichoke crop (Helianthus tuberosus L.), evaluations of agronomic parameters and the health status of the plants were carried out, under greenhouse conditions. The tests were carried out, at the moment of the implantation of the culture: the tubers were inoculated with A. brasilense and with native mycorrhizal fungi, generating four treatments including the control and the co-inoculation of the consortium of the microorganisms under study (T0: control or control without inoculation; T1: inoculation with native A. brasilense; T2: inoculation with native mycorrhizal fungi and T3: joint inoculation with A. brasilense and native mycorrhizal fungi. The results indicate that co-inoculation with A. brasilense and with native mycorrhizal fungi increased plant growth in height, leaf area, biomass, dry matter, and yields significantly in greenhouse production. It was determined that the application of the selected microorganisms has a plant growth-promoting effect, increasing the productivity of cultivated topinambur in the greenhouse
Case review: respective treatment modalities with the use of combined ingredients to address acne prone skin
Authors: Pretorius Judey
Published: August 2021

Acne is an inflammatory skin disease which affects the pilosebaceous units of the skin. It can have profound psychological effects and can leave the patient with severe skin scarring. There are four well-recognized pathological factors responsible for acne which is also the target for acne therapy. In this case review, different treatment options are outlined, including topical and systemic treatments. A safer treatment option other than the use of antibiotics or oral retinoids, the use of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) for treating acne was discussed as well as the affect of maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Acne has been extensively researched with regards to the disease mechanism as well as treatment options. However, due to the increasing resistance of acne prone bacteria towards the available antibiotics, there is a need for new treatment methods. Systemic medication also influences the liver and therefore our hypothesis was to investigate a preventative, safer, and risk-free approach. Additionally, the lack of sufficient evidence on the efficacy of CAM therapies makes it necessary for researchers to investigate these treatment options further. Biomedical Emporium comprise of respective and well-known ingredients frequently used within the medical aesthetic industry to address the concerns of acne. We have investigated a wide array of ingredients used in patient treatment protocols and the favourable effect thereof on the use of acne. We discuss the combined use of topical treatment protocols as well as the use of ingredients for systemic use.
Current trends of antibiotic resistance among human skin infections causing bacteria; a cross-sectional study
Authors: Khan Muddasir
Published: August 2021

Objectives: To determine the current status of skin infections causing bacteria and their pattern of resistance to widely used antibiotics among the physician referred patients in district Peshawar, Pakistan. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study of 164 pus samples from diseased patients, referred by physicians was done for a period from February 2020 to January 2021 at Department of Microbiology, Complex medical laboratory and Research center, Peshawar, Pakistan. Results: The bacterial growth were obtained in 88 pus samples. Among these isolated bacterial species Escherichia coli was the most prevalent pathogen, present in (46%), Staphylococcus aureus (39%), Proteus species (11%), Klebseilla species (2%) and Pseudomonas aerugenosa (2%), respectively. Among the tested antibiotics resistance wise E.coli was highly resistance to Ampicillin (92.5%), S. Aureus to Levofloxacin (91.1%), Proteus spp .to Doxycycline (90%), Klebsiella spp. to Meropenem (100%), Amoxicillin (100%) and P. aeruginosato Aztreonam (100%), Doxycycline (100%), respectively.Sensitivity wise E.coli was highly sensitive to Amikacin (90%), S. aureus to Meropenem (91.1%) and Doxycycline (91.1%),Proteus spp. to Meropenem (100%), Klebsiella spp. to Ciprofloxacin (100%), Cefotaxime (100%), Aztreonam (100%) and Doxycycline (100%), P. aeruginosa to Amikacin (100%), Meropenem(100%), Ciprofloxacin (100%), Gentamicin (100%), Cefotaxime (100%), Ceftriaxone (100%), Ampicillin (100%) and Cefotaxime (100%), respectively. Conclusion: The most prevalent skin infections causing bacteria was E.coli, followed by S. aureus, Proteus spp., Klebseilla spp. and P. aerugenosa, respectively. The antibiogram provides adequate knowledge of effective therapeutic agents for the treatment strategies of skin infections.
Rain water use efficiency of sweet potato under cattle-cud mulches in Uyo, Nigeria
Authors: Edem ID , Udounang PI , Ama PC
Published: August 2021

Rain Water Use Efficiency (RWUE) of sweet potato under cattle-cud mulches was investigated with the aim of identifying appropriate cattle-cud mulch rates for managing the fragile soils of the humid tropics to ensure sustained productivity of sweet potato. Experimental units measuring 9m2 each were used and sweet potato vines were planted at the spacing of 1 x 0.5m2. Cattle-cud mulches at rates of M0, M10, M20 and M30 tons ha-1 were administered to the different plots. Yield parameters of sweet potatoes as well as rainfall data for the period were collected. Data were assessed using the Analysis of Variance and correlation analyses were also performed to determine the relationships between soil and crop parameters. Results showed that RWUE of 2.38 from M30 plot was significantly higher than other treatments. This correlated with significantly (P<0.05) high tuber girth (19.0cm), tuber length (21.0cm), marketable size (32.33 cm) and number of tuber yield (60.50). Also, organic matter content of the soil receiving M10 (3.60%) and M20 (3.04%) cattle-cud mulches were significantly higher than M0 (2.96%). The use of cattle-cud as a mulch material significantly increased RWUE and also improved the yield and yield component of sweet potato.
Clitoral HOOD granulosa cell tumor; case report and review of literature
Authors: Patel Neil , Hamilton Alexandra , Fievre Natasha
Published: August 2021

Background: Granulosa Cell tumors (GCT) are a sex-cord stroma tumor comprising of 1-2% of ovarian malignancies. Derived from Schwann cells, GCTs are comprised of granulosa cells, a cell of the ovarian stroma. Patients with these tumors present with signs of increased estrogen such as vaginal bleeding, irregular menstruation and rarely hirsutism and virilization.8,10-12 The majority of GCTs are found in the skin, subcutaneous tissue and submucosa with a handful of case reports discussing primary GCTs in the clitoris.3,7 Surgery is required for definitive tissue diagnosis and staging. In this case report, we present a case with tissue diagnosis for granulosa cell tumor found on the clitoral hood. Case: A 56-year-old, female, G6P3033 initially presented for evaluation of persistent clitoral cyst for >2 years Initial evaluation was significant for 1 cm clitoral cyst that was firm, smooth and fluctuant with no irregular borders; with worsening vulvodynia. The patient underwent clitoral hood mass excision. The mass was excised entirely and the post-operative recovery was uncomplicated. Pathology findings were significant for completely excised granulosa cell tumor; margins were negative for tumor. Immunohistochemical stain was positive for CD56, CD68, Vimentin, and S-100, and negative for AE1/13, CD31, CD34, SMA, and Desmin. Conclusion: When evaluating chronic, persistent, or recurrent masses, it is important to take into consideration both benign and malignant causes. Definitive diagnosis is established pathologically. Patients with confirmed GCT should be thorough evaluated pre-operatively with blood work and appropriate imaging. Upon diagnosis, patient with GCT should be regularly followed for recurrence and surveillance.
Dynamics of morphological, immunological and histological changes in microsporіа in guinea pigs
Authors: Kisera Y. V. , Martyniv Y. V. , Gutyj B. V.
Published: August 2021

Microsporіа affect different species of animals and humans. The high contagiousness of the pathogen determines the relevance of research into this disease. Microsporum canis is the pathogen that most often causes microsporia. Weakened functions of the immune system and violation of the epithelial barrier of the skin are a favourable factor that causes microspores. The main source of infection is cats, which are involved in the storage and transmission of the pathogen. To clarify the dynamics of morphological, immunological and histological changes in microsporia, blood and skin studies of guinea pigs infected with M. canis were carried out. The animals were divided into two groups of 6 guinea pigs (healthy and sick). Test material (blood and skin) was taken from clinically healthy and sick animals 21 and 42 days after infection. The number of erythrocytes and leukocytes was determined by counting them in the Goryaev chamber, the hemoglobin content – by the method of cyanide hemoglobin. The leukogram was derived based on the counting and differentiation of 200 leukocyte cells in blood smears. Material for histological examination (pieces of skin) was fixed in 10–12% cooled solution of neutral formalin, followed by pouring in paraffin according to the scheme proposed by G. A. Merkulov. The obtained results demonstrated that leukocytosis developed in guinea pigs with microsporia on the 21st and 42nd days; the number of rod-shaped neutrophils increased, that of segmental neutrophils decreased, and that of ESR increased. The immune response to the course of microsporia was manifested in an increase in the percentage of T-lymphocytes, T-suppressors and a decrease in T-helper cells and an increase in T-killers compared with healthy animals. Histological examination showed that on the 21st day after infection, hyphae and spores of the fungus M. canis were localized in the skin. There is swelling of the dermis, stratification of collagen fibers and the accumulation of inflammatory infiltrates around the hair follicles. On the 42nd day, the infiltration spread and dystrophic changes in the skin occurred in the form of desquamation of the epidermis and the formation of acanthosis and hyperkeratosis on the surface of the dermis. The conducted research will allow further assessment of the course of microsporia under the action of various drugs and help establish the most effective method of treatment.
Effects of duration and conditions of storage on germination of seeds of Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinum (Orobanchaceae)
Authors: Lapirov A. G. , Belyakov E. A. , Lebedeva O. A.
Published: August 2021

Choosing optimum conditions for plants of the Pedicularis genus to productively germinate and undergo the initial stages of development is currently a relevant problem in the search of solutions to successfully grow these taxa. For the experiments, seeds of Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinum L. (Lamiales, Orobanchaceae) were collected in the first decade of September in the vicinity of Chashnitskoe Lake. The study of specifics of germination of seeds and the initial stages of the development of P. sceptrum-carolinum was carried out in controlled laboratory conditions in a climate chamber with illumination (1,200–1,500 lux, photoperiod of 9/15, temperature of 23–25 °С). After a month-long storage of seeds in their fruit capsules in the laboratory conditions, the greatest germination (83.3–93.3%) was achieved after their subsequent dry maintenance (taken out of the fruits) in a refrigerator at the temperature of +2…+3 ºС for 3 or 6 months. Lower values of final germination were obtained after maintaining dry seeds at the temperature of –24…–28 ºС for 3 months. Increasing periods of such storage up to six months led to decrease in the final germination and energy of germination. After-ripening lasting different periods provided lower values of the two most important parameters – final germination and energy of germination, even in cases of quite long periods of dry storage in the laboratory. The initial stages of the development of plants from seeds of P. sceptrum-carolinum, which had undergone 3-month stratification in a refrigerator, were studied during the period of 2.0 (2.5) months in different conditions: Petri dishes on moistened filter paper, and in glass vessels with settled tap water, in soil in a plastic container (pure groups of sowed seeds) and also in soil sown together with seeds of Avena sativa L., with seeds put singly into a plastic block of 9 cassettes. The study revealed morphological differences in plants that had developed over the two-months growth, in each variant of the experiment. We recorded fragmentary development of haustorial hairs on the lateral roots of the plants in the pure sown group and also the haustorium in the group sown together with common oat. We achieved no further development and the plants died. The plants grew for a longer period (2.5 months) in the pure sown groups, which then died as well. The study we performed may be a basis for preparing successful introduction and cultivation of P. sceptrum-carolinum, which would be an important source of preservation of a species that raises concerns on account of the rapid decreases in its populations, narrowing of its range and rare occurrence.
Current issues and gaps in the implementation of rabies prevention in Ukraine in recent decades
Authors: Makovska I. F. , Krupinina T. M. , Nedosekov V. V. , Tsarenko T. M. , Novohatniy Y. A. , Fahrion A. S.
Published: August 2021

Ukraine remains the only country in Europe where rabies is widespread among animals and humans. Annually there are about 1,600 rabies cases in animals in Ukraine and sporadic cases in humans have been registered despite the conducting of preventive measures. Therefore, the aim of the study was to inspect the failures in rabies prevention, indicate the top reasons for human cases and highlights the risk of animal attacks in view of their species and geographical distribution in Ukraine during 1996–2020. The following archival state materials were used for analysis: from the Ministry of Health of Ukraine and from the annual reports of oblast departments of the State Service of Ukraine for Food Safety and Consumer Protection. In general, more than 84,000 people (187.4 per 100,000 of the population) were affected by bites or harmful contact with animals every year, among them, 2,155 people were victims of rabid animals. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) was prescribed annually, on average, for 21,434 patients (25.5% of all victims). Most people were attacked by cats and dogs that had owners (71.5%). The frequency of the proportion of the risk of attacks by rabid dogs on humans was (1:124), from cats (1:25), wild animals (1:7), and farm animals (1:2), but the largest general proportion of animal attacks on people was from dogs – 838,635 attacks (77.7%). Thus, due to the permanently higher level of contact with people, attacks by dogs remains more dangerous. Geographically attacks on humans by domestic carnivores were observed most commonly in the east part of Ukraine due to the high urbanization of the region and the high density of the human population. A large number of attacks by foxes was observed in the west part of Ukraine due to the larger area of forests and fields. During the last 25 years, there have been 63 human rabies cases. The main sources of rabies were dogs (24 cases) and cats (22 cases). The main causes of development of rabies were: failure to receive the PEP due to the absence of a visit to a hospital after an attack of an animal (n = 38), failures in prescribing PEP (n = 15), failure of PEP (n = 10). In conclusion, the gaps in the control measures against rabies are the lack of agreed coordination of inter-sectoral links, the lack of significant efforts to raise public awareness and the lack of funding for prophylaxis programmes for humans and animals. Our future research will be aimed at modelling the transmission of rabies from the pet population to humans.
Altering maize (Zea mays) seedlings’ growth and lignification processes by action of novel synthesized compounds
Authors: Lykholat Y. V. , Khromykh N. O. , Didur O. O. , Gaponov O. O. , Nazarenko M. M. , Lykholat T. Y.
Published: August 2021

Effective management of the course of crop vegetation and adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses is a prerequisite for stable grain production and requires replenishment of the arsenal of plant growth regulators. The effect of novel synthesized cage amides on maize seedlings morphogenesis has been tested. Seeds of a mid-early maize hybrid 'DN Galatea' after the pre-sowing treatment with 0.01% solutions of test compounds were grown in distilled water. The roots and shoots sections of 10-day-old maize seedlings were stained with phloroglucinol solution to reveal the lignin-containing anatomical structures. The effects of nine different test compounds, exceeding the well-known effects of the phytohormone auxin, promoted the maize seedlings’ linear growth, increased wet weight of roots and shoots, and dry biomass accumulation both in seedlings roots and shoots. Several test compounds activated the dry weight accumulation process without significantly affecting the root and shoot length. In the maize seedlings’ roots, an increase in the diameter and number of the xylem vessels was found, as well as an increase in the lignin-containing layer thickness of the endoderm cells in the root cortex. In the maize seedlings’ shoots, the test compounds caused an increase in the thickness of the lignin-containing outer layer of the seedlings’ first leaf. In general, the test compounds’ effect on seedling roots can potentially enhance root formation; increase efficiency of the roots water-conducting system and the tissues’ strength, thus reducing the likelihood of root lodging in maize plants. The effects of the test compounds revealed in the seedlings’ shoots reflect the activation of the shoots’ structure formation and may have a positive value for enhancing the strength of the plant stems and counteracting the stem lodging of the maize plants.
Effect of extract from common oat on the antioxidant activity and fatty acid composition of the muscular tissues of geese
Authors: Danchenko O. O. , Nicolaeva Y. V. , Koshelev O. I. , Danchenko M. M. , Yakoviichuk O. V. , Halko T. I.
Published: August 2021

Among natural antioxidants, increasing attention is being drawn to avenanthramides - phenolic compounds of the common oat Avena sativa (Linnaeus, 1753). Research has shown that avenanthramides have much higher antioxidant activity than well-known bioflavanoids. Currently, a great deal of work is being conducted on the structure of these compounds and mechanisms of their effect on the organism of humans and animals. We explored the specifics of the influence of aqueous extract from A. satíva on the antioxidant activity and fatty acid composition of lipids of histologically similar tissues of geese with different levels of aerobicity (muscles of the stomach and cardiac muscle), dynamics of the birds’ live weight and pterylographic parameters under physiological loading by the development of contour and juvenile feathers. The addition of extract of oat to the diet of geese during growth of feathers was observed to increase the antioxidant activity of their tissues. Physiological loading related to the development of contour feathers in the examined tissues of geese significantly weakens as a result of selective inhibition of synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic acid, the content of which in 28-day old geese of the experimental group decreased by 31.7 in the cardiac muscle and 46.8 times in the stomach, compared with the control. Further changes in fatty acid composition were characterized by lower number of differences between the control and experimental groups. Increase in antioxidant activity in these tissues during development of juvenile feathers (day 49) occurs as a result of activation of alternative mechanisms of antioxidative protection, which take place with no significant changes in fatty acid composition. Furthermore, we determined that in the stomach and cardiac muscles of geese, the action of extract from common oat activated mechanisms of antioxidative protection, which increased the level of correlation between the changes in fatty acid composition. The study confirmed that the extract caused not only significant increase in the weight of geese at the end of the experiment, but also improved their pterylographic parameters. Therefore, it is practical to conduct similar studies on wild species of birds grown for hunting, because this process of development of feathers, particularly for such species of birds, is essential.
Data Layout Optimization for the LCC Compiler
Authors: Shamparov Viktor , Neiman-Zade Murad
Published: August 2021

In this research-in-progress report, we propose a novel approach to unified cache usage analysis for implementing data layout optimizations in the LCC compiler for the Elbrus and SPARC architectures. The approach consists of three parts. The first part is generalizing two methods of estimating cache miss amount and choosing more applicable one in the compiler. The second part is finding an applicable solution for the problem of cache miss amount minimization. The third part is implementing this analysis in the compiler and using analysis results for data layout transformations.
El sentido pedagógico de las artes en las carreras de Licenciatura en Artes y Pedagogía en Artes en Chile
Authors: Schenffeldt Ulloa Ninoska , García-Huidobro Munita Rosario
Published: August 2021

Este artículo se centra en un estudio que buscó comprender los vínculos entre las prácticas artísticas y pedagógicas de artistas y docentes artistas en Chile, donde dichos cruces son potenciales para generar nuevas propuestas de producción artística que cuestionan las formas tradicionales de producción artística. Se trabajó con las carreras de Licenciatura en Artes y Pedagogía en Artes y se analizó en qué medida la academia muestra los cruces entre lo artístico y lo pedagógico al estudiantado de Artes en Chile. El estudio puso énfasis en identificar cómo se enseña lo artístico como proceso de relación, elemento que llamamos lo pedagógico en el arte. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a las principales jefaturas de carreras artísticas del país. Tras el análisis se identificó la categoría sobre las características del sentido pedagógico, lo que alude a la pregunta por el cómo se promueve. En segundo lugar, se identificó la categoría agentes de cambio, la cual responde a la pregunta por quiénes promueven dicho sentido pedagógico en las carreras, y se observó que principalmente era promovido por el estudiantado y el profesorado. Estos(as) agentes son quienes constantemente están generando acciones de transformación desde lo artístico hacia las comunidades y dotando de sentido pedagógico a las prácticas artísticas.
VIAJE DEL RECUERDO. FRAGMENTOS DE LA HISTORIA DEL FERROCARRIL AL PACÍFICO DE COSTA RICA
Authors: Agüero García Javier
Published: August 2021

Recibido: 16-10-2019Aprobado: 29-11-2019

RESUMEN

El presente ensayo aborda aspectos del Ferrocarril al Pacífico, dentro de la perspectiva histórica, con la finalidad de valorar su significado patrimonial, tanto en la cultura como el ámbito institucional. Se inicia con la descripción de la etapa constructiva de esta importante vía de comunicación, proceso iniciado en 1897; se pasa luego a la electrificación, como piedra angular de la modernización; para finalmente pasar al abordaje de las locomotoras, verdaderos caballos de acero que hicieron posible el transporte de mercancías y de pasajeros. Concluye con una reflexión acerca del significado de la empresa ferroviaria estatal,baluarte del desarrollo económico, social e institucional del país, resumida en los atributos de rapidez, economía, seguridad y eficiencia.
BOLETOS DE CAFÉ Y FICHAS DE EMPRESAS: HERENCIAS COLECCIONABLES
Authors: Vargas Zamora José A
Published: August 2021

Recibido: 18-10-2019

Aprobado: 29-11-2019

RESUMEN

En Costa Rica, a mediados del siglo XIX hubo un incremento significativo de nuevas plantaciones de café. La necesidad de pagar a los trabajadores, junto con la escasez de moneda de plata de baja denominación, forzó la introducción de una forma privada de pago temporal, los boletos de café, que eran entregados a los trabajadores por cada unidad de café recolectado y luego eran cambiados por dinero usualmente al final de la semana. A fines del siglo XIX la apertura del ferrocarril a la costa Caribe y el desarrollo de plantaciones de banano a lo largo de la vía férrea, promovió la introducción de otra forma de pago privada, las fichas de comisariato, que eran cambiables por abarrotes o utensilios en locales comerciales a lo largo de la vía férrea. En este trabajo analizamos las diferencias y usos de esas dos formas de pago, aportamos ejemplos de ambas y hacemos sugerencias para el estudio y preservación de esta herencia histórica.
JESÚS JIMÉNEZ EN ESTAMPILLAS DE PRINCIPIOS DEL SIGLO XX
Authors: Brenes Tencio Guillermo A.
Published: August 2021

Recibido: 24-01-2020

Aprobado: 27-03-2020

RESUMEN

 Los sellos postales son un tipo de imágenes todavía muy poco exploradas en los trabajos históricos en Costa Rica. El presente artículo estudia la iconografía del presidente costarricense Jesús Jiménez Zamora (1823-1897) en tres sellos postales o estampillas que circularon en Costa Rica a principios del siglo XX. Con este propósito se ha partido de los postulados teóricos y metodológicos propuestos por el historiador de arte Erwin Panofsky para enfrentarse al análisis de las imágenes.
LA IMAGEN DE LA ORALIDAD EN LOS PERROS HAMBRIENTOS DE CIRO ALEGRÍA
Authors: Cerino Córdova Kristian Antonio
Published: August 2021

Recibido: 01-05-2020

Aprobado: 29-05-2020

Este artículo es un acercamiento a la noción de oralidad a través de un análisis y lectura de la novela Los perros hambrientos, de Ciro Alegría, escritor peruano. Se argumenta, ante todo, con el trabajo de diversos críticos literarios que han hecho un abordaje de la obra narrativa de Alegría, también autor de La serpiente de oro y El mundo es ancho y ajeno. Es importante conocer, en el texto, la esencia de los efectos de esta oralidad presente en la literatura latinoamericana, y en especial, de la literatura peruana. Los perros hambrientos es una obra tejida alrededor del discurso oral y de los relatos de la comarca andina. Simón Robles, personaje y artífice de los cuentos orales, es el engrane en la construcción de esta obra alegriana publicada en Santiago de Chile, en 1938.
RESTAURACIONES EMPÍRICAS EN DOCUMENTOS COLONIALES: IDENTIFICACIÓN DE CASOS EN LAS COLECCIONES DEL ARCHIVO NACIONAL DE COSTA RICA
Authors: Ugalde Soto Sharon , Ureña Carlos Pacheco
Published: August 2021

En las colecciones de documentos coloniales del Archivo Nacional de Costa Rica se encuentran intervenciones que no corresponden a los criterios ni materiales actuales utilizados para la conservación/restauración de papel. El objetivo de este trabajo es investigar dichas restauraciones empíricas, por medio de su identificación y clasificación. Se buscó delimitar además, el periodo en que dichas intervenciones fueron realizadas.
Efficiency and safety of various dual antiplatelet therapy strategies in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention due to myocardial infarction
Authors: Aksentiev S. B. , Solovieva A. V. , Yunevich D. S.
Published: August 2021

Aim. To compare the efficacy and safety of prasugrel, ticagrelor, or clopidogrel as part of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) due to myocardial infarction (MI).

Material and methods. The observational study included 74 patients who underwent PCI due to MI within the first 24 hours after the onset. The patients were devided into 3 groups: group 1 — patients who received ticagrelor as part of DAPT; group 2 — clopidogrel, group 3 — prasugrel. The follow-up period was 28 days. To assess the efficacy and safety of therapy, a composite endpoint was assessed (death + nonfatal recurrent MI (and/or stent rethrombosis) + nonfatal ischemic stroke (IS). Additional secondary endpoints were any moderate and severe (major) bleeding according to the GUSTO and/or TIMI scales. We assessed the incidence of reperfusion arrhythmias, an opening of an infarct-related coronary artery (IRCA), and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (non-STEMI).

Results. The analysis showed no significant differences in the cumulative incidence of adverse outcomes in the study groups within 28 days. The prevalence of secondary endpoints over a 28-day follow-up period was 3,1% in the ticagrelor group and 5,9% in the clopidogrel group, while no moderate and life-threatening bleeding was recorded in the prasugrel group during. There were no significant differences in the incidence of reperfusion arrhythmias, opening of an IRCA, and non-STEMI between the groups.

Conclusion. The obtained results suggest the comparable efficacy and safety profiles of prasugrel, ticagrelor and clopidogrel as a part of DAPT in patients undergoing PCI due to MI. There were no significant differences in endpoint event rates. In particular, prasugrel has been shown to be as effective and safe as ticagrelor.
Electroanatomic substrate of atrial fibrillation in patients after COVID-19
Authors: Osadchy An. M. , Semenyuta V. V. , Kamenev A. V. , Shcherbak S. G. , Lebedev D. S.
Published: August 2021

Aim. To determine the features of left atrial electroanatomic structure and the arrhythmia substrate in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Material and methods. The pilot study included 20 patients with AF who underwent catheter radiofrequency ablation. Ten patients had COVID-19 and 10 patients were included as a control group. AF substrate was identified using anatomic and bipolar mapping. Zones with following amplitudes were analyzed: <0,25 mV, <0,5 mV, from 0,5 to 0,75 mV inclusive, and >0,75 mV. Left atrial volume was determined based on anatomic map.

Results. The groups were homogeneous in AF type, number of patients after prior pulmonary vein isolation, and heart rate during mapping. In the COVID-19 group, there was a higher area of fibrous zones with an amplitude of <0,25 mV (51,5±16,6% vs 29,1±16,1% in the control group, p=0,007), <0,5 mV (76,7±11,5% vs 45,6±22,7% in the control group, p=0,001) and a lower area of intact myocardium with an amplitude >0,75 mV (11,6±8,0% vs 45,0±25,0% in the control group, p=0,001). In 7 COVID-19 patients, the posterior wall was isolated due to low-amplitude zones. Of these, three patients underwent surgery for the first time. According to ROC analysis, in patients after COVID-19, fibrous tissue (<0,5 mV) occupies more than half of the area, while normal tissue (>0,75 mV) — ~30% or less.

Conclusion. This study shows that SARS-CoV-2 infection may cause left atrial remodeling in the form of diffuse fibrosis. The arrhythmia substrate in patients after COVID-19 can be localized not only in pulmonary vein mouths, but also in other left atrial areas. This must be taken into account before ablation, even if the procedure is being performed for the first time. It is recommended to perform amplitude mapping for all patients who have had SARS-CoV-2 infection in order to identify fibrous zones and plan the operation extent.
Potential of valsartan+sacubitril therapy in hypertensive heart disease
Authors: Ovchinnikov A. G. , Gvozdeva A. D. , Potekhina A. V. , Vitsenya M. V. , Ageev F. T.
Published: August 2021

The course of hypertension is often complicated by left ventricular hypertrophy (or hypertensive heart disease, HHD). The main “corridor” of natural HHD is development of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). With HFpEF, the bioavailability of natriuretic peptides (NP) is significantly reduced, as a result of which the activity of cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, which plays a key role in maintaining normal diastolic function, weakens. It is possible to increase the activity of this pathway using the neprilysin inhibitor sacubitril. In case of HFpEF, the greatest efficacy from valsartan+sacubitril therapy should be expected in patients with severe concentric LVH, who have the most pronounced natriuretic peptide deficiency. Valsartan+sacubitril therapy has a clear hypotensive effect, causes a reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis. Since no effective treatment has yet been found for HFpEF, the main way for HHD treatment should be to prevent the diastolic dysfunction progression, which justifies valsartan+sacubitril therapy starting from the early/ asymptomatic stages.
Ventricular arrhythmias. Ventricular tachycardias and sudden cardiac death. 2020 Clinical guidelines
Authors: Lebedev D. S. , Mikhailov E. N. , Neminuschiy N. M. , Golukhova E. Z. , Babokin V. E. , Bereznitskaya V. V. , Vasichkina E. S. , Garkina S. V. , Golitsyn S. P. , Davtyan K. V. , Duplyakov D. V. , Zaklyazminskaya E. V. , Zenin S. A. , Ivanitsky E. A. , Ildarova R. A-G. , Komolyatova V. N. , Kostareva A. A. , Kuchinskaya E. A. , Lajovich (Nesterenko) L. Yu. , Lebedeva V. K. , Lyubimtseva T. A. , Makarov L. M. , Mamchur S. E. , Medvedev M. M. , Mironov N. Yu. , Mitrofanova L. B. , Popov S. V. , Revishvili A. Sh. , Rzayev F. G. , Romanov A. B. , Tatarsky R. B. , Termosesov S. A. , Utsumueva M. D. , Kharlap M. S. , Tsaregorodtsev D. A. , Shkolnikova M. A. , Shlevkov N. B. , Shlyakhto E. V. , Shubik Yu. V. , Yashin S. M.
Published: August 2021

Russian Society of Cardiology (RSC).

With the participation of Russian Scientific Society of Clinical Electrophysiology, Arrhythmology and Cardiac Pacing, Russian Association of Pediatric Cardiologists, Society for Holter Monitoring and Noninvasive Electrocardiology.

Approved by the Scientific and Practical Council of the Russian Ministry of Health.
Análisis preliminar de las propiedades psicométricas de un instrumento para evaluar las actitudes hacia la sexualidad de las personas con discapacidad física (ASEX-PDF)
Authors: Fernández-García Olga , Estruch-García Verónica , Gil-Llario María Dolores
Published: August 2021

La salud sexual de las personas con discapacidad física (PDF) no sólo se ve influenciada por las limitaciones derivadas de la propia discapacidad sobre todo a la hora de iniciar contactos sino también, y sobre todo, por la estigmatización social. Creencias como que poseer un cuerpo con una funcionalidad no normativa puede interferir en la conducta sexual y en su función reproductiva son muestras de ello. Así mismo, se ha comprobado que la familia y los profesionales que se proporcionan apoyos a las PDF son el principal agente de formación, por lo que sus actitudes hacia la sexualidad de este colectivo van a condicionar su desarrollo sexual y la vivencia que hagan de la misma. Dada la importancia de estas actitudes y la escasez de instrumentos fiables dirigidos a evaluarlas, el objetivo de este trabajo ha sido construir y validar un instrumento de evaluación de las actitudes hacia la sexualidad de las personas con discapacidad física (ASEX-PDF). Para ello, se contó con 554 participantes (41.3% hombres y 58.7% mujeres) con edades comprendidas entre 20 y 92 años, de los cuales 100 eran profesionales que trabajan con este colectivo y 454 pertenecían a la población general. El Análisis Factorial Exploratorio extrajo una estructura unifactorial, que fue verificada y corregida a través del Análisis FactorialConfirmatorio, mostrando unos buenos índices de bondad de ajuste. La consistencia interna de la escala total fue de .79 ( de Cronbach) y de .89 ( ordinal). Así mismo, las correlaciones con una escala afín resultaron significativas y en la dirección esperada. En conclusión, la ASEX-PDF se presenta como un instrumento válido y fiable que puede resultar útil en la exploración de las actitudes hacia la sexualidad de las PDF.
Qualidade de vida familiar: a perceção de familiares de pessoas com doença neurodegenerativa
Authors: Fernandes Adília , Pires Magalhães Carlos , Augusta Mata Maria , Pimentel Maria Helena , Martins Silvano Maria Justina
Published: August 2021

As doenças crónicas, como as neurodegenerativas, desenvolvem efeitos progressivos potencializadores de sofrimento e desgaste, tanto no doente que as suporta, como na família que os cuida, podendo afetar a qualidade de vida familiar em diversas áreas. Objetivos: Conhecer o conceito de qualidade de vida familiar e as principais áreas afetadas decorrentes da prestação de cuidados, apresentadas pelas famílias cuidadoras de pessoas com doença neurodegenerativa. Identificar na perspetiva das mesmas as principais necessidades para bem cuidar. Métodos: Recorreu-se a um estudo qualitativo de cariz fenomenológico, com recurso a técnica do focus group com cinco familiares de doentes com doença neurodegenerativa, mediante um guião de entrevista com questões relacionadas com a perceção da qualidade de vida familiar, áreas mais afetadas e necessidades sentidas. Resultados: O material recolhido foi submetido a análise de conteúdo destacando-se como principais categorias: a qualidade de vida familiar enquanto bem-estar global; as implicações na vida social, no funcionamento familiar; as implicações emocionais e nos projetos de vida; necessidades ao nível da capacitação familiar e da retaguarda profissional. Conclusões: Os resultados evidenciam que o funcionamento familiar se altera profundamente no quadro de uma doença neurodegenerativa de um dos seus membros, o que releva a necessidade da avaliação da qualidade de vida familiar para uma intervenção eficaz na melhoria do quotidiano destas famílias.
El efecto espectador de la violencia en el noviazgo adolescente. Estudio preliminar
Authors: Ancín Nicolás Ruth África , Pastor Ruiz Yolanda
Published: August 2021

La alta prevalencia de la violencia en el noviazgo (VN) entre los adolescentes y las consecuencias que puede tener para los individuos ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de estudiar sobre este fenómeno. Existen, de momento, pocos estudios que traten la violencia en el noviazgo con la intervención de los espectadores. En el presente trabajo se pretende examinar algunos de los factores que pueden influir en la intervención o no del espectador ante una situación de VN. Para ello, se administró un cuestionario a 64 adolescentes de entre 14 y 19 años. Los resultados mostraron que las mujeres habían estado más expuestas a la violencia que los hombres y que estos últimos la justifican más. Asimismo, tanto la nula como la alta frecuencia a la exposición de violencia en el noviazgo (más de 4 veces) predecía una alta tolerancia y justificación de la violencia. Sin embargo, la baja frecuenciade exposición a la violencia (entre 1-3 veces) marcaba una reducción de la tolerancia y justificación de la misma. La autoeficacia del espectador correlacionó negativamente con las barreras del espectador y con la tolerancia y justificación de la VN, mientras que las barreras y la tolerancia y justificación correlacionaron entre sí positivamente. Como se puede ver, parece que el efecto espectador en la VN puede surgir por diversos factores y se hace necesario seguir explorando esta línea de investigación.
Gestión emocional parental y sintomatología infantil durante la pandemia del covid-19
Authors: Melero Silvia , Morales Alexandra , Espada José P. , Orgilés Mireia
Published: August 2021

La pandemia por coronavirus ha provocado una situación de alerta sanitaria inesperada que ha resultado muy estresante tanto para niños como para adultos. Sin embargo, escasos estudios han explorado en qué medida la gestión emocional de las familias durante el confinamiento ha podido influir en la salud mental de los menores. Por ello, el objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar si el nivel de estrés de los padres, su satisfacción con la crianza y sus estrategias de regulación emocional estaban relacionadas con la sintomatología de sus hijos. La muestra de este estudio se compuso de 219 padres de niños españoles con edades comprendidas entre 3 y 18 años (M = 8,30; DT = 4,35). Los participantes completaron un formulario online para medir su satisfacción con la crianza (KPS), su estrés percibido (EEP-10) y sus estrategias de regulación emocional (ERQ) durante el confinamiento por la pandemia. Los resultados indicaron que existía una relación significativa entre las dificultades psicológicas de los niños y el estrés de sus padres, siendo el estrés parental un predictor de mayor sintomatología infantil. Asimismo, el estrés parental estuvo asociado con el menor uso de la reevaluación cognitiva y mayor uso de la supresión expresiva como estrategias de regulación emocional. El uso de la supresión expresiva como estrategia de regulación emocional estuvo relacionado con mayor sintomatología en los niños. Por otra parte, la mayor satisfacción parental con la crianza se asoció a un menor estrés parental y sintomatología en los niños. En conclusión, los hallazgos del estudio sugieren que el estrés de los padres debido a la situación del COVID-19 tuvo repercusiones negativas en el estado emocional de sus hijos. Por tanto, es necesario aportar recursos a las familias para facilitar el afrontamiento de estas situaciones estresantes y favorecer un mayor bienestar familiar.
Para além da iliteracia em saúde: questões e reações
Authors: de Matos Gonçalves Pedro , Mendes Susana , Manuel Brito Sílvio , Gouveia Pereira Orlindo
Published: August 2021

Em situações catastróficas como a que estamos a viver cresce na população um sentimento de alarme que altera o modo de encarar a vida do dia-a-dia com um futuro incerto, inclusive a própria saúde. Criam-se mesmo novos hábitos de pensar e de agir. Se examinarmos esta questão no plano interpessoal da Psicologia Social deparamo-nos com dissonâncias afetivas e cognitivas que podem chegar ao “negacionismo” no que respeita às medidas preventivas decretadas pelo Governo, à toma das vacinas e medicamentos, e à apreciação do próprio estado de saúde. Levados por uma moda que custa a passar, alguns tentam explicar estas atitudes e comportamentos invocando a iliteracia em saúde. Em estudos anteriores O.G.Pereira, P.M. Gonçalves, S. Brito e S. Mendes (2014; 2016), mostraram que a iliteracia é um fator pouco relevante, sendo de atribuir os efeitos encontrados ao stresse, às estratégias de coping, e aos hábitos e estilos de vida nocivos. O presente estudo longitudinal visa aprofundar os resultados anteriores, utilizando instrumentos semelhantes, mas tendo em consideração o que aconteceu aos mesmos estudantes-sujeitos nos últimos três anos, sendo o último já o da Pandemia. Os dados foram estudados por ano e por escola (Saúde e Turismo e Tecnologia Marítima). Os resultados evidenciaram que o estado de saúde não varia entre os anos e as escolas. Além disso foi significativo que as estratégias de coping associadas ao pensamento levaram à negação ou ao uso do humor para superar o problema. Os dados antropométricos são considerados em seis gráficos, por ano e escola. A avaliação da saúde é apresentada na tabela 1. As inter-relações entre as estratégias de enfrentamento (ação e pensamento) com os hábitos nocivos à saúde estão nas tabelas 2, 3, 4 e 5.
Género, control parental y victimización on line: una revisión sistemática.
Authors: Sanhueza Cornejos Cynthia Sanhueza Cornejos
Published: August 2021

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo revisar la literatura disponible sobre sexting adolescente y la posible relación entre las categorías, victimización, género y control parental. Se realizó mediante la revisión sistemática evidenciada en la literatura científica y contenida en la base de datos Pubmed y Dialnet, durante el período 2017– 2020. Se encontraron 10 artículos, la mayoría de ellos desarrollados en Estados Unidos. El nivel de evidencia fue moderado entre II.a y II. b y el grado de recomendación fue B. El tipo de estudio predominante fue el exploratorio descriptivo y descriptivo analítico. Las investigaciones presentan una acentuada tendencia por los estudios empíricos. La cibervictimización por sexting está correlacionada de manera significativa y positiva con la condición de género y la percepción androcéntrica de las relaciones amorosas y románticas; se correlaciona positiva y significativamente, también, con la percepción no funcional de la autoridad parental, en tanto que el grado de intermediación parental es muy difícil determinarlo.
Implicancias socioeducativas de la generatividad en educadores rurales chilenos
Authors: Sandoval Obando Eduardo
Published: August 2021

La generatividad se transforma en una dimensión educativa prometedora entre quienes ejercen la profesionalidad docente rural en contexto escolares chilenos. Su desarrollo estaría dado por el conjunto de comportamientos, prácticas y estrategias que orientan el quehacer profesional del educador rural, manifestándose en los saberes, experiencias y dinámicas relacionales que establecen con el alumnado y sus comunidades de origen, favoreciendo el reconocimiento histórico-cultural de las tradiciones y características particulares del territorio en el que se encuentra la escuela rural. Objetivo: interpretar y comprender, desde una perspectiva narrativa generativa, las pautas de comportamiento construidas por el profesorado rural, contribuyendo a la sistematización y generación de nuevas formas de comprensión del quehacer profesional docente rural. Método: se adopta un enfoque interpretativo cualitativo, siguiendo un diseño descriptivo, exploratorio y transversal. La muestra es de carácter intencional, conformada por 6 educadores que poseen al menos 30 años de experiencia en escuelas rurales presentes en las Regiones Metropolitana, La Araucanía y los Ríos (Chile). Para la interpretación de los datos, se recurre al análisis de contenido, siguiendo la lógica de la Teoría Fundamentada y las Entrevistas en Profundidad desde la perspectiva narrativa generativa. Resultados: Preliminarmente, las historias de vida de los educadores rurales evidencian el desarrollo de prácticas pedagógicas potencialmente generativas, caracterizadas por la autonomía, humildad y el optimismo con el que se relacionan cotidianamente con el alumnado y sus familias, destacándose la implicación pedagógica y las altas expectativas frente al desarrollo de sus estudiantes como dimensiones de enorme valor educativo en la ruralidad chilena.