bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantum Spin‐1/2 Dimers in a Low‐Dimensional Tetrabromocuprate Magnet
Authors: Sampson Gavin , Bristowe Nicholas C. , Carr Sam T. , Saib Asad , Stenning Gavin B. G. , Clark Ewan R. , Saines Paul J.
Published: March 2022

This work describes a homometallic spin‐
tetrabromocuprate adopting a bilayer structure. Magnetic‐susceptibility measurements show a broad maximum centred near 70 K, with fits to this data using a Heisenberg model consistent with strong antiferromagnetic coupling between neighbouring copper atoms in different layers of the bilayer. There are further weak intralayer ferromagnetic interactions between copper cations in neighbouring dimers. First‐principles calculations are consistent with this, but suggest there is only significant magnetic coupling within one direction of a layer; this would suggest the presence of a spin ladder within the bilayer with antiferromagnetic rung and weaker ferromagnetic rail couplings.
A pilot study of genomic‐guided induction therapy followed by immunotherapy with difluoromethylornithine maintenance for high‐risk neuroblastoma
Authors: Kraveka Jacqueline M. , Lewis Elizabeth C. , Bergendahl Genevieve , Ferguson William , Oesterheld Javier , Kim Elizabeth , Nagulapally Abhinav B. , Dykema Karl J. , Brown Valerie I. , Roberts William D. , Mitchell Deanna , Eslin Don , Hanson Derek , Isakoff Michael S. , Wada Randal K. , Harrod Virginia L. , Rawwas Jawhar , Hanna Gina , Hendricks William P. D. , Byron Sara A. , Snuderl Matija , Serrano Jonathan , Trent Jeffrey M. , Saulnier Sholler Giselle L.
Published: March 2022

Background

Survival for patients with high‐risk neuroblastoma (HRNB) remains poor despite aggressive multimodal therapies.

Aims

To study the feasibility and safety of incorporating a genomic‐based targeted agent to induction therapy for HRNB as well as the feasibility and safety of adding difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) to anti‐GD2 immunotherapy.

Methods

Twenty newly diagnosed HRNB patients were treated on this multicenter pilot trial. Molecular tumor boards selected one of six targeted agents based on tumor‐normal whole exome sequencing and tumor RNA‐sequencing results. Treatment followed standard upfront HRNB chemotherapy with the addition of the selected targeted agent to cycles 3–6 of induction. Following consolidation, DFMO (750 mg/m2 twice daily) was added to maintenance with dinutuximab and isotretinoin, followed by continuation of DFMO alone for 2 years. DNA methylation analysis was performed retrospectively and compared to RNA expression.

Results

Of the 20 subjects enrolled, 19 started targeted therapy during cycle 3 and 1 started during cycle 5. Eighty‐five percent of subjects met feasibility criteria (receiving 75% of targeted agent doses). Addition of targeted agents did not result in toxicities requiring dose reduction of chemotherapy or permanent discontinuation of targeted agent. Following standard consolidation, 15 subjects continued onto immunotherapy with DFMO. This combination was well‐tolerated and resulted in no unexpected adverse events related to DFMO.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the safety and feasibility of adding targeted agents to standard induction therapy and adding DFMO to immunotherapy for HRNB. This treatment regimen has been expanded to a Phase II trial to evaluate efficacy.
How to Successfully Generate an Alternative Approach to a Thorough QT Study: GLPG1972 as an Example
Authors: Meyer Claudia , Dierick Ines , Gauderat Glenn , Langenhorst Jurgen , Sarr Céline , Leroux Emilie , Chenel Marylore , Fouliard Sylvain , Passier Paul
Published: March 2022

During development of a drug, the requirement of evaluating the proarrhythmic risk and delayed repolarization needs to be fulfilled. Would it be possible to create an alternative to a thorough QT (TQT) study or is there a need to perform a dedicated TQT study? How is an alternative approach generated, what information is available, and which instructions are considered missing today to generate such an approach? This tutorial describes the considerations and path followed to create an early and feasible alternative to a TQT study using experience‐based insights from a successful application to the US Food and Drug Administration for GLPG1972, an ADAMTS‐5 inhibitor, and discusses the approach used in light of the current guidelines and literature.
A new high‐level boost inverter topology with reduced device count
Authors: Siddique Marif Daula , Reddy B.Prathap , Meraj Mohammad , Iqbal Atif
Published: March 2022

The requirement of a boosting aspect for the power electronic converter is essential for the fuel cell, solar PV, and battery‐based applications as the generated voltage is of low voltage magnitude. In these low‐voltage applications, a new boost inverter topology has been suggested, where the power conversion will happen in a single‐stage instead of two‐stage (dc–dc converter + two‐level inverter). The proposed topology consists of 11 power semiconductor devices, one switched capacitor unit, and two dc voltage sources that are arranged in the magnitude of 1:3. This arrangement is able to achieve an output voltage of 15 levels with a boosting factor of 1.75. The other advantages of the designed topology have been the reduced device count with the self‐balancing of capacitor voltage and improved efficiency with better power loss sharing among the switches. By accumulating additional switched‐capacitor units to the proposed basic structure, the proposed inverter can be extended to support a greater number of levels and a higher voltage gain. A comprehensive assessment has been accomplished with single‐source and dual‐source topologies, and the proposed topology shows the improved design. A low‐power laboratory porotype has been used to endorse the proposed topology with real‐time conditions.
Ethyl glucuronide in hair: A 5‐year retrospective cohort study in subjects sanctioned for driving under the influence of alcohol and psychoactive substances
Authors: Freni Francesca , Moretti Matteo , Scardo Sara , Carelli Claudia , Vignali Claudia , Monti Maria Cristina , Morini Luca
Published: March 2022

The evaluation of drinking behaviors can help in limiting high‐risk situation, such as driving under the influence (DUI). We investigate ethyl glucuronide in hair (hEtG) levels to evaluate alcohol consumption behavior in subjects followed up after having been charged for DUI of psychoactive substances and/or alcohol. We performed a retrospective observational cohort study on 4328 subjects over 18 years old who underwent hEtG analysis in the period 2015–2019 in the Italian Province of Pavia. hEtG level was used as a proxy for the alcohol consumption behavior. Effects of age, sex, and district on alcohol drinking behavior were investigated with an ordinal logit model. A state sequence analysis was used to study people's alcohol consumption behavior over time. hEtG was found ≥7.0 pg/mg in 22.2% of the drivers (of which 7% has an hEtG ≥30.0 pg/mg). Among positive cases, a prevalence of males (96.3%) aged 35–44 (32.6%), coming from main city and hinterland (38.2%), was observed. The propensity to drink was higher for males (odds ratio [OR] ≈ 2.28, p < 0.001) and for subject coming from the district devoted to the cultivation of vineyards. Young age classes have a reduced drinking risk if compared to the drivers over 55 years old (p < 0.001). A general decreasing trend over time in hEtG values was observed. Being male, age ≥ 55 years, and coming from rural areas are potential risk factors related to alcohol drinking habits among drivers. Ethyl glucuronide in hair test in the driving license reissuing protocol contributed to decrease alcohol misuse behaviors.
Direct injection analysis of oxypurinol and metformin in wastewater by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Zheng Qiuda , Dewapriya Pradeep , Eaglesham Geoff , Reeks Tim , Thompson Jack , Ahmed Fahad , Prasad Pritesh , Thomas Kevin V. , Mueller Jochen F. , Thai Phong K.
Published: March 2022

The increasing global prevalence of gout and diabetes has led to a rise in the use of their respective medications, allopurinol and metformin. These are excreted via urine as oxypurinol and metformin and are discharged into wastewater and the environment. Current environmental monitoring of those two polar chemicals requires labour intensive and potentially inefficient sample pre‐treatments, such as using solid‐phase extraction or freeze‐drying. This study validated a sensitive and simple method using direct‐injection LC–MS/MS for the simultaneous measurement of oxypurinol and metformin in wastewater. The final method utilised a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography together with simple filtration through 0.2 μm regenerated cellulose filter followed by dilution in acetonitrile with a dilution factor of 10. The developed method was validated with the limit of quantifications (LOQ) of 0.11 and 0.34 μg/L for metformin and oxypurinol, respectively. The new method was applied to 42 influent wastewater samples and 6 effluent samples collected from 6 Australian wastewater treatment plants. Both compounds were detected well above the LOQ at concentrations 29–214 μg/L in influent and 2–53 μg/L in effluent for metformin, and 24–248 μg/L in influent and 4–81 μg/L in effluent for oxypurinol, demonstrating its high applicability.
Wear and tear of the intestinal visceral musculature by intrinsic and extrinsic factors
Authors: Kim Ho D. , So Eric , Lee Jiae , Wang Yi , Gill Vikram S. , Gorbacheva Anna , Han Hee Jin , Ng Katelyn G.‐L. , Ning Ken , Pranoto Inez K. A. , Cabrera Alejandra J. H. , Eom Dae Seok , Kwon Young V.
Published: March 2022

Background

The gut visceral musculature plays essential roles in not only moving substances through the lumen but also maintaining the function and physiology of the gut. Although the development of the visceral musculature has been studied in multiple model organisms, how it degenerates is poorly understood.

Results

Here, we employ the Drosophila midgut as a model to demonstrate that the visceral musculature is disrupted by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, such as aging, feeding, chemical‐induced tissue damage, and oncogenic transformation in the epithelium. Notably, we define four prominent visceral musculature disruption phenotypes, which we refer as “sprout,” “discontinuity,” “furcation,” and “crossover” of the longitudinal muscle. Given that the occurrence of these phenotypes is increased during aging and under various stresses, we propose that these phenotypes can be used as quantitative readouts of deterioration of the visceral musculature. Intriguingly, administration of a tissue‐damaging chemical dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced similar visceral musculature disruption phenotypes in zebrafish larvae, indicating that ingestion of a tissue‐damaging chemical can disrupt the visceral musculature in a vertebrate as well.

Conclusions

Our study provides insights into the deterioration of the gut visceral musculature and lays a groundwork for investigating the underlying mechanisms in Drosophila as well as other animals.
Effectiveness of acoustic lures for increasing tropical forest understory bat captures
Authors: Aylen Oliver , Bishop Philip J. , bin Haji Abd Wahab Rodzay , Grafe T. Ulmar
Published: March 2022

Bats are the most diverse mammalian order second to rodents, with 1400+ species globally. In the tropics, it is possible to find more than 60 bat species at a single site. However, monitoring bats is challenging due to their small size, ability to fly, cryptic nature, and nocturnal activity. Recently, bioacoustic techniques have been incorporated into survey methods, either through passive acoustic monitoring or acoustic bat lures. Lures have been developed on the premise that broadcasting acoustic stimuli increases the number of captures in harp traps or mist nets. However, this is a relatively new, niche method. This study tested the efficacy of two commonly used acoustic bat lure devices, broadcasting two different acoustic stimuli, to increase forest understory bat captures in the tropics. This is the first time an acoustic bat lure has been systematically tested in a tropical rainforest, and the first study to compare two lure devices (Sussex AutoBat and Apodemus BatLure). Using a paired experimental design, two synthesized acoustic stimuli were broadcasted, a feeding call and a social call, to understand the importance of the call type used on capture rates and genus‐specific responses. Using an acoustic lure significantly increased capture rates, while the type of device did not impact capture rates. The two acoustic stimuli had an almost even distribution of captures, suggesting that the type of call may be less important than previously thought. Results indicate a possible deterrent effect on Rhinolophous sp., while being particularly effective for attracting bats in the genera Murina and Kerivoula. This study highlights the effectiveness of lures, however, also indicates that lure effects can vary across genera. Therefore, lures may bias survey results by altering the species composition of bats caught. Future research should focus on a single species or genus, using synthesized calls of conspecifics, to fully understand the effect of lures.
Flt3L, LIF, and IL‐10 combination promotes the selective in vitro development of ESAMlow cDC2B from murine bone marrow
Authors: Cyran Laura , Serfling Julia , Kirschner Luisa , Raifer Hartmann , Lohoff Michael , Hermanns Heike M. , Kerstan Andreas , Bodem Jochen , Lutz Manfred B.
Published: March 2022

The development of two conventional dendritic cells (DC) subsets (cDC1 and cDC2) and the plasmacytoid DC (pDC) in vivo and in cultures of bone marrow (BM) cells is mediated by the growth factor Flt3L. However, little is known about the factors that direct the development of the individual DC subsets. Here, we describe the selective in vitro generation of murine ESAMlow CD103− XCR1− CD172a+ CD11b+ cDC2 from BM by treatment with a combination of Flt3L, LIF, and IL‐10 (collectively named as FL10). FL10 promotes common dendritic cell progenitors (CDP) proliferation in the cultures, similar to Flt3L and CDP sorted and cultured in FL10 generate exclusively cDC2. These cDC2 express the transcription factors Irf4, Klf4, and Notch2, and their growth is reduced using BM from Irf4−/− mice, but the expression of Batf3 and Tcf4 is low. Functionally they respond to TLR3, TLR4, and TLR9 signals by upregulation of the surface maturation markers MHC II, CD80, CD86, and CD40, while they poorly secrete proinflammatory cytokines. Peptide presentation to TCR transgenic OT‐II cells induced proliferation and IFN‐γ production that was similar to GM‐CSF‐generated BM‐DC and higher than Flt3L‐generated DC. Together, our data support that FL10 culture of BM cells selectively promotes CDP‐derived ESAMlow cDC2 (cDC2B) development and survival in vitro.
Cookies Formulated with Gamma‐Irradiated Virgin Coconut Oil are Less Rancid: Analysis By Metal Oxide‐Based Electronic Nose and Support Vector Machines
Authors: Mondal Kona , Bose Anupama , Tamili Dipshikha , Chakraborty Soumi , Chatterjee Dipan , Paul Kaninika , Bhattacharyya Nabarun , Bhattacharjee Paramita
Published: March 2022

In this study, hydrogenated vegetable fat in cookie is replaced by gamma‐irradiation‐induced (4.2 kGy) deodorized (rancid‐acid odor removed) virgin coconut oil (VCO) with the aim to formulate antioxidant‐rich cookies with good sensory acceptability up to 150 days,vis‐à‐visthe hydrogenated fat‐ and VCO‐formulated cookies. Cookies formulated with hydrogenated fat, non‐irradiated VCO and 4.2 kGy irradiated VCO serve as control, positive control, and sample sets, respectively. Rancidity of three sets of cookies is assessed for a period of 180 days at 25±2°C, ≈75–80% RH using metal oxide gas sensor‐based electronic nose (e‐nose). The best combinations of sensors are selected employing support vector machines analysis to accurately predict rancidity development in the three sets of cookies during storage. Analyses of principal component analysis (PCA) plots of the e‐nose sensor responses reveal that the progression of rancidity in the control and positive control sets of cookies is detected on day 90 and 120, respectively; whereas, the onset of rancidity is detected for sample set of cookies on day 150. Findings of sensory evaluation and e‐nose analyses affirm that the newly formulated cookies can be safely consumed up to 150 days when stored at 25±2 °C, 75–80% RH.

 Practical applications: Gamma‐irradiated deodorized VCO successfully enhances storage‐life of drop cookies by more than 60 daysvis‐à‐visits hydrogenated fat counterpart. These newly formulated cookies which can be stored and consumed for a longer period would certainly be more commercially viable. Gamma‐irradiated VCO can also be used as an alternative to hydrogenated fats in preparing similar bakery‐cum‐confectionary products. The methodology developed for assessment of rancidity using electronic nose technology would be extremely useful considering high industrial throughput and can be safely extrapolated to other bakery and confectionary products for accurate assessment of rancidity, forgoing cumbersome biochemical assays.
A compact microfluidic geometry for multiplexing enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays
Authors: Giri Basant , Dutta Debashis
Published: March 2022

We have previously reported a novel approach to implementing multiplex enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in connected microchannels by exploiting the slow diffusion of the enzyme reaction product across the different assay segments. This work builds on that report by implementing the noted assay in segments arranged along the circumference of a circular channel layout to reduce the footprint size and sample volume requirement. Using the current design, a 5‐plex cytokine ELISA was demonstrated in a 1.5 × 1.5‐cm region, which corresponded to a reduction in the footprint area by about a factor of 3 compared to that reported in our previous study. Additionally, the selective coating of our assay segments with the target molecules was realized in this work using electroosmosis instead of hydrodynamic flow as was the case in the previous report. This aspect of our experimental design is particularly significant as it permits the use of cross‐sectional channel dimensions significantly shorter than those employed in the current work. Moreover, the use of an electric field for coating purposes enables the integration of functionalities such as electrokinetic preconcentration of analyte molecules during the sample incubation period that can further enhance the capabilities of our assay method.
Scalp HFO rates are higher for larger lesions
Authors: Cserpan Dorottya , Gennari Antonio , Gaito Luca , Lo Biundo Santo Pietro , Tuura Ruth , Sarnthein Johannes , Ramantani Georgia
Published: March 2022

High‐frequency oscillations (HFO) in scalp EEG are a new and promising noninvasive epilepsy biomarker, providing added prognostic value, particularly in pediatric lesional epilepsy. However, it is unclear if lesion characteristics, such as lesion volume, depth, type, and localization, impact scalp HFO rates. We analyzed scalp EEG from 13 children and adolescents with focal epilepsy associated with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), low‐grade tumors, or hippocampal sclerosis. We applied a validated automated detector to determine HFO rates in bipolar channels. We identified the lesion characteristics in MRI. Larger lesions defined by MRI volumetric analysis corresponded to higher cumulative scalp HFO rates (P = .01) that were detectable in a higher number of channels (P = .05). Both superficial and deep lesions generated HFO detectable in the scalp EEG. Lesion type (FCD vs tumor) and lobar localization (temporal vs extratemporal) did not affect scalp HFO rates in our study. Our observations support that all lesions may generate HFO detectable in scalp EEG, irrespective of their characteristics, whereas larger epileptogenic lesions generate higher scalp HFO rates over larger areas that are thus more accessible to detection. Our study provides crucial insight into scalp HFO detectability in pediatric lesional epilepsy, facilitating their implementation as an epilepsy biomarker in a clinical setting.
Recognition and promotion of faculty work: Practices emerging at the intersection between faculty development and educational renewal
Authors: Lutz Christel
Published: March 2022

How can we change the conversation about faculty work? Informed by recent changes in higher education in the Netherlands, this chapter highlights three areas that are at the intersection between faculty development and educational renewal as salient for supporting mid‐career faculty—addressing first the emerging opportunities and responsibilities for individual faculty members, then for teams, and finally for institutional leaders.
Analysis of direct‐acting antiviral‐resistant hepatitis C virus haplotype diversity by single‐molecule and long‐read sequencing
Authors: Yamauchi Kozue , Sato Mitsuaki , Osawa Leona , Matsuda Shuya , Komiyama Yasuyuki , Nakakuki Natsuko , Takada Hitomi , Katoh Ryo , Muraoka Masaru , Suzuki Yuichiro , Tatsumi Akihisa , Miura Mika , Takano Shinichi , Amemiya Fumitake , Fukasawa Mitsuharu , Nakayama Yasuhiro , Yamaguchi Tatsuya , Inoue Taisuke , Maekawa Shinya , Enomoto Nobuyuki
Published: March 2022

The method of analyzing individual resistant hepatitis C virus (HCV) by a combination of haplotyping and resistance‐associated substitution (RAS) has not been fully elucidated because conventional sequencing has only yielded short and fragmented viral genomes. We performed haplotype analysis of HCV mutations in 12 asunaprevir/daclatasvir treatment‐failure cases using the Oxford Nanopore sequencer. This enabled single‐molecule long‐read sequencing using rolling circle amplification (RCA) for correction of the sequencing error. RCA of the circularized reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction products successfully produced DNA longer than 30 kilobase pairs (kb) containing multiple tandem repeats of a target 3 kb HCV genome. The long‐read sequencing of these RCA products could determine the original sequence of the target single molecule as the consensus nucleotide sequence of the tandem repeats and revealed the presence of multiple viral haplotypes with the combination of various mutations in each host. In addition to already known signature RASs, such as NS3‐D168 and NS5A‐L31/Y93, there were various RASs specific to a different haplotype after treatment failure. The distribution of viral haplotype changed over time; some haplotypes disappeared without acquiring resistant mutations, and other haplotypes, which were not observed before treatment, appeared after treatment. Conclusion: The combination of various mutations other than the known signature RAS was suggested to influence the kinetics of individual HCV quasispecies in the direct‐acting antiviral treatment. HCV haplotype dynamic analysis will provide novel information on the role of HCV diversity within the host, which will be useful for elucidating the pathological mechanism of HCV‐related diseases.
Work transformation and the HR ecosystem dynamics: A longitudinal case study of HRM disruption in the era of the 4th industrial revolution
Authors: Yalenios Jocelyne , d'Armagnac Sophie
Published: March 2022

Disruption in human resource management (HRM) practices necessitates processes of mutual adjustment within the organization that seeks to address these changes properly, overcome tensions, and fit strategic needs. In our single longitudinal case study of a new HRM practice development concerning blue‐collar worker talent management, we examine how HR professionals and managers interact and develop new HRM practices as a response to disruptive work transformation. Considering these interactions from the perspective of HR ecosystem alignment dynamics, we find that both managers and HR professionals engaged in fruitful collaboration processes along three differentiated steps to provide value for the whole organization. We propose a grounded theorizing of HR ecosystem alignment that is based on the progression of successive convergent and divergent phases and introducing collaborative spaces of work.
Non‐Newtonian nanofluid characteristics over a melting wedge: A numerical study
Authors: Dharmaiah G. , Sridhar W. , AL‐Farhany Khaled , Balamurugan K. S. , Ali Farhan
Published: March 2022

A study is conducted to determine the impact of joule heating, thermo‐diffusion, and chemical reaction effect on wedge flow with melting. Using similarity transformation, the nonlinear PDEs regulate nanofluid flow is converted to nonlinear ODEs. The MATLAB solver is used to solve the boundary value problem numerically. The interaction of relevant physical entities on nanoparticle concentration, nanofluid temperature, nanofluid velocity, skin friction, rate of heat, and mass transfer is graphically portrayed. This study will aid in the development of cooling devices and various shapes in heat sinks, as well as improving the heat transfer characteristics of Casson flow and strengthening formerly industrial uses. In the limiting situation, current findings are compared to analysis of findings. Flow velocity and concentration compacts in association with enhancing values of chemical reaction factor while temperature increases with enhancing the values of chemical reaction parameter. An upsurge in the temperature of the fluid is seen with the increasing Eckert number. It is found that the melting process increases the thicknesses of Solutal, thermal, and momentum boundary layers while it reduces mass transfer rate, heat transfer rate, and Skin friction. The Casson fluid displays a superior heat transfer mechanism than the Newtonian fluid. This study would be valuable in designing cooling gadgets and heat sinks of various shapes which will enhance the heat transfer properties of Casson nanofluids thereby increasing their applications in industrial perspectives. Moreover, the study reveals the novel applications of Casson nanofluids in cooling devices and heat sinks.
Numerical scrutinization of dropwise condensation heat transfer on an inclined surface
Authors: Mohammadpour Loghman , Moghadasi Hesam , Saffari Hamid
Published: March 2022

Recently, achieving an ameliorated heat transfer rate in dropwise condensation (DWC) has attracted the attention of many researchers. Several parameters, including chemical and physical properties of the substrate, inclination, and interfacial characteristics influence DWC heat transfer rate. The variation of inclination angle is followed by the change in droplet shape and consequently, the heat transfer rate are changed. In this study, the effect of droplet shape variation on diverse inclined substrates is simulated. Moreover, three‐dimensional mass, momentum, and energy equations considering the desired boundary conditions on the unstructured grid are utilized for the scrutinization of flow behavior and heat transfer for static and sliding droplets. For the sake of validation, the outcomes obtained from the simulation were compared with existent data in the literature and a proper agreement was attained. Regarding the outcomes, it was of concern that the influence of inclination angle on the droplet shape is more distinct at higher droplet volume; while no considerable change was seen on heat flux of small droplets by increasing the inclination angle. Furthermore, a higher heat transfer rate was noted by exceeding the inclination angle beyond a definite angle. Additionally, the increased heat transfer rate was affirmed by increasing the Marangoni number .
Effects of ash derived from livestock manure and two other treatments on soil moisture content and water infiltration rate
Authors: Mortazavizadeh Fatemehsadat , Fatahi Amirali , Asefpour Vakilian Keyvan , Pagliari Paulo H. , Cerdà Artemi , Mirzaei Majid , Zhang Xiuju , Adnan Ikram Rana Muhammad
Published: March 2022

This study investigates the effects of using livestock manure (LM), livestock manure ash (LMA) and the combination of LM with LMA (LM + LMA) on the soil moisture content and water infiltration rate of clay, clay loam and sandy loam soils. The soil moisture content and water infiltration rate were 11.60, 8.90 and 6.85% and 1.98, 1.55 and 1.62 cm h‾¹ for clay, clay loam and sandy loam soils, respectively, by the application of 15 t ha‾¹ LM. Moreover, using 15 t ha‾¹ of LMA had the most desirable effects on the soil moisture content in the clay and clay loam soils. Using this treatment, the soil moisture content and water infiltration rate were 10.85, 11.20 and 7.24% and 2.40, 1.90 and 1.75 cm h‾¹ for clay, clay loam and sandy loam soils, respectively. Promising results were obtained using 15 + 15 t ha‾¹ of LM + LMA, where the soil moisture content and water infiltration rate were 11.50, 10.20 and 8.20% and 2.80, 1.90 and 1.72 cm h‾¹ for clay, clay loam and sandy loam soils, respectively. Both LMA and its combination with LM were found to be positive strategies to achieve sustainable agricultural goals because of the increased water infiltrates (less runoff) available for the plants.
Medium‐ to long‐term forecast of reference crop evapotranspiration based on the correction of the principal control factor
Authors: Gong Liqin , Peng Zhigong , Wei Zheng , Zhang Baozhong , Dong Jie , Chen He , Cai Jiabing , Zhang Qian , Zhang Feng
Published: March 2022

This study selected the temperature Penman–Monteith (PMT) model to solve the difficulty of reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) prediction caused by incomplete meteorological data. Then, the principal control factor of the PMT model was determined using several indicators. The results show that the annual average correlation and sensitivity coefficients between Tmax and ET0 are the highest. Hence, among the factors, Tmax is the largest contributor in contribution proportion and amount to ET0 and the principal control factor of the PMT model. The root mean square error (RMSE), relative error (RE) and mean absolute error (MAE) of the forecast ET0 increased by 0.7, 0.2, and 0.6 mm/day, respectively, after the 16th day compared with those on the 15th day. Thus, a remarkable drop in ET0 forecast precision is observed and is hardly accurate for the purpose of water distribution management in an irrigation district. The RMSE, RE, and MAE of the Tmax forecast decrease by 2.0–3.0°C, 0.1–0.2, and 2.0–2.8°C, respectively, and those of the corresponding ET0 forecast decrease by 0.7–0.9, 0.2–0.3, and 0.6–0.7 mm/day, respectively, after Tmax correction. Compared with the decaying‐average method, the improved decaying‐average method can correct Tmax better and improve the ET0 prediction accuracy.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Z‐Endoxifen in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Koubek Emily J. , Ralya Andrew T. , Larson Thomas R. , McGovern Renee M. , Buhrow Sarah A. , Covey Joseph M. , Adjei Alex A. , Takebe Naoko , Ames Matthew M. , Goetz Matthew P. , Reid Joel M.
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a population pharmacokinetic model for Z‐endoxifen in patients with advanced solid tumors and to identify clinical variables that influence pharmacokinetic parameters. Z‐endoxifen‐HCl was administered orally once a day on a 28‐day cycle (±3 days) over 11 dose levels ranging from 20 to 360 mg. A total of 1256 Z‐endoxifen plasma concentration samples from 80 patients were analyzed using nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling to develop a population pharmacokinetic model for Z‐endoxifen. A 2‐compartment model with oral depot and linear elimination adequately described the data. The estimated apparent total clearance, apparent central volume of distribution, and apparent peripheral volume of distribution were 4.89 L/h, 323 L, and 39.7 L, respectively, with weight‐effect exponents of 0.75, 1, and 1, respectively. This model was used to explore the effects of clinical and demographic variables on Z‐endoxifen pharmacokinetics. Weight, race on clearance, and aspartate aminotransferase on the absorption rate constant were identified as significant covariates in the final model. This novel population pharmacokinetic model provides insight regarding factors that may affect the pharmacokinetics of Z‐endoxifen and may assist in the design of future clinical trials.
Advances in the Understanding of the Complex Role of Venous Sinus Stenosis in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Authors: Zhao Kexin , Gu Wenjing , Liu Chunmei , Kong Derui , Zheng Chong , Chen Wei , Li Xuewei , Liang Yuchen , Zhou Hongwei
Published: March 2022

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disorder characterized by elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) that predominantly affects young obese women. IIH is a diagnosis of exclusion. That is, if increased ICP is suspected, magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance venography of the brain are recommended to exclude secondary causes. Imaging findings, such as empty sella, orbital findings, meningocele, and encephalocele, are not diagnostic of ICP, nor does their absence exclude ICP either. Therefore, venous manometry is recommended as the gold standard for evaluation, regardless of previous anatomic imaging results. Venous manometry is an invasive examination that is frequently applied to derive physiologic information concerning the nature of the pressure gradient. However, the pathogenesis of IIH has not been fully elucidated. The presence of venous sinus stenosis in a subset of patients has provided some support for the potential mechanisms underlying this condition. Hence, this review provides an up‐to‐date discussion on the potential pathogenic mechanisms of IIH with a special focus on venous sinus stenosis.

Level of Evidence

1

Technical Efficacy Stage

2
FURIN gene variants (rs6224/rs4702) as potential markers of death and cardiovascular traits in severe COVID‐19
Authors: Coto Eliecer , Albaiceta Guillermo M. , Amado‐Rodríguez Laura , García‐Clemente Marta , Cuesta‐Llavona Elías , Vázquez‐Coto Daniel , Alonso Belén , Iglesias Sara , Melón Santiago , Alvarez‐Argüelles Marta E. , Boga José A. , Rojo‐Alba Susana , Pérez‐Oliveira Sergio , Alvarez Victoria , Gómez Juan
Published: March 2022

Furin is a protease that plays a key role in the infection cycle of SARS‐CoV‐2 by cleaving the viral proteins during the virus particle assembly. In addition, Furin regulates several physiological processes related to cardio‐metabolic traits. DNA variants in the FURIN gene are candidates to regulate the risk of developing these traits as well as the susceptibility to severe COVID‐19. We genotyped two functional FURIN variants (rs6224/rs4702) in 428 COVID‐19 patients in the intensive care unit. The association with death (N = 106) and hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidaemia was statistically evaluated. The risk of death was associated with age, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. The two FURIN alleles linked to higher expression (rs6224 T and rs4702 A) were significantly increased in the death cases (odds ratio= 1.40 and 1.43). Homozygosis for the two high expression genotypes (rs6224 TT and rs4702 AA) and for the T‐A haplotype was associated with an increased risk of hypercholesterolemia. In the multiple logistic regression both, hypercholesterolemia and the TT + AA genotype were significantly associated with death. In conclusion, besides its association with hypercholesterolemia, FURIN variants might be independent risk factors for the risk of death among COVID‐19 patients.
Response surface methodology‐optimized co‐fermentation of pigeon pea okara by Rhizopus oligosporus and Yarrowia lipolytica and its application for vegetable paste
Authors: Zhang HaoRan , Chen Chao‐Jung , Chen Bang‐Yuan
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) is a perennial legume usually consumed directly or processed into pigeon pea milk. Pigeon pea okara (PPO) contains 15.5 – 28.8% protein, 56% carbohydrate, as well as vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber, making it a valuable food material or other applications. This study examines co‐fermentation of PPO by Rhizopus oligosporus and Yarrowia lipolytica to maximize its nutritional value.

Methods

The response surface methodology (RSM) with Four variables and five levels central composite design was used to optimize the co‐fermentation conditions including fermentation temperature, R. oligosporus and Y. lipolytica inoculum concentrations, and fermentation time.

Results

Solid‐state co‐fermentation significantly increased the total phenolic, total flavonoid, and protein contents, with SDS‐PAGE revealing protein molecular weights generally < 10 kDa. The optimal fermentation condition was using 5.05 × 105 spores/g R. oligosporus and 5.05 × 105 CFU/g Y. lipolytica at 39°C for 48 hrs. Sensory analysis and shelf‐life testing were then performed on vegetable pastes prepared using optimally fermented PPO. Vegetable paste prepared with 35% fermented PPO content had comparable overall acceptability to paste made with 35% unfermented PPO, and a 14‐day shelf‐life at 4°C.

Conclusion

In summary, RSM‐optimized, solid‐state co‐fermentation is an effective method to improve the nutritional value of PPO.
A novel thiolysis‐high‐performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of proanthocyanidins in grape seeds
Authors: Shi Lei , Lv Yun‐Kai , Wang Jiang‐Wang , Yang Lan‐Lan , Shen Shi‐Gang
Published: March 2022

A novel thiolysis‐high‐performance liquid chromatography method for the quantitative determination of total proanthocyanidins and the mean degree of polymerization in grape seeds has been developed. Following thiolysis with formic acid and benzyl mercaptan, reaction products were separated and purified. Three proanthocyanidin monomers and three derivatives were obtained and their structures were identified by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry, FTIR spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy. A decomposition model of the thiolysis products and a correction formula for proanthocyanidins concentration were established. This thiolysis‐high‐performance liquid chromatography method displayed good calibration linearity (R2 > 0.999 over the concentration range 0.01 to 10 mg/mL), excellent accuracy (recoveries of 97.9–99.6%), and precision (repeatability relative standard deviations of 0.45–0.75%). This method is suitable for the quantitative analysis of proanthocyanidins in grape seed products.
Fabrication of monolithic capillary columns with inner diameter 50–530 μm employing a mixture of pentaerythritol tetraacrylate and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane‐methacrylate as crosslinkers
Authors: Planeta Josef , Moravcová Dana , Karásek Pavel , Roth Michal
Published: March 2022

Highly crosslinked monolithic capillary columns with inner diameters in the range of 50–530 μm were prepared by radical polymerization of pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane‐methacrylate, and n‐octadecyl methacrylate in the presence of methanol, dodecyl alcohol, and polyethylene glycol lauryl ether. Columns were evaluated by inverse size‐exclusion chromatography employing a set of polystyrene standards of narrow molecular‐size distribution and by scanning electron microscopy. Chromatographic performance under reversed‐phase conditions was also evaluated. The combination of two effective crosslinkers as pentaerythritol tetraacrylate and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane‐methacrylate in the polymerization mixture allows for the preparation of robust and efficient monolithic capillary columns within a fairly wide range of internal diameters.
Granular sieving algorithm for selecting best n$$ n $$ parameters
Authors: Qian Tao , Dai Lei , Zhang Liming , Chen Zehua
Published: March 2022

A common type problem of optimization is to find simultaneously
parameters that globally minimize an objective function of
variables. Such problems are seen in signal and image processing and in various applications of mathematical analysis of several complex variables and Clifford algebras. Objective functions are usually assumed to be Lipschitzian with maybe unknown Lipschitz constants. A number of methods have been established to discard the sets called “bad sets” in a partition that is impossible to contain any optimal point, as well as to treat the unknown Lipschitz bound problem along with the algorithm. In the present paper, a simple criterion of eliminating bad sets is proposed for the first time. The elimination method leads to a concise and rigorous proof of convergence. The algorithm, on the range space side, converges to the global minimum with an exponential rate, while on the domain space side, converges with equal accuracy to the set of all the global minimizers. To treat the unknown Lipschitz constant dilemma, we propose a practical pseudo‐Lipshitz bound process. The methodology is of fundamental nature with straightforward mathematical formulation applicable to multivariate objective functions defined on any compactly connected manifolds in higher dimensions. The method is tested against an extensive number of benchmark functions in the literature. The experimental results exhibit considerable effectiveness and applicability of the algorithm.
Impact of multidetector computed tomography scan parameters, novel reconstruction settings, and lung nodule characteristics on nodule diameter measurements: A phantom study
Authors: Au Cherry , Reeves Russell , Li Zhenteng , Gingold Eric , Halpern Ethan , Sundaram Baskaran
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Novel CT reconstruction techniques strive to maintain image quality and processing efficiency. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of a newer hybrid iterative reconstruction technique, Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction‐V (ASIR‐V), in combination with various CT scan parameters on the semi‐automated quantification using various lung nodules.

Methods

A chest phantom embedded with eight spherical objects was scanned using varying CT parameters such as tube current and ASIR‐V levels. We calculated absolute percentage error (APE) and mean APE (MAPE) using differences between the semi‐automated measured diameters and known dimensions. Predictive variables were assessed using a multivariable general linear model. The linear regression slope coefficients (β) were reported to demonstrate effect size and directionality.

Results

The APE of the semi‐automated measured diameters was higher in ground‐glass than solid nodules (β = 9.000, p < 0.001). APE had an inverse relationship with nodule diameter (mm; β = −3.499, p < 0.001) and tube current (mA; β = −0.006, p < 0.001). MAPE did not vary based on the ASIR‐V level (range: 5.7%–13.1%).

Conclusion

Error is dominated by nodule characteristics with a small effect of tube current. Regardless of phantom size, nodule size accuracy is not affected by tube voltage or ASIR‐V level, maintaining accuracy while maximizing radiation dose reduction.
Nachhaltigkeitsziele: Chemieindustrie im Wandel
Authors: Kayser Martin , Kratz Detlef , Seidel Carla , Funk‐Weyer Dorothee
Published: March 2022

Der europäische Grüne Deal und die EU‐Chemikalienstrategie erfordern neue Prioritäten. Forschung darf dabei in ihrer gedanklichen Freiheit nicht eingeschränkt werden. Politik, Hochschulen, Studierende und Industrie müssen gemeinsam den Blick auf Nutzen und Wirkungen der Chemie schärfen.
Experimente: Warum Gras nicht rot leuchtet
Authors: Korn‐Müller Andreas
Published: March 2022

Der grüne Blattfarbstoff Chlorophyll ist leicht aus Gras zu isolieren und verbindet im Unterricht Chemie und Biologie. Weißes Licht aus einer LED‐Lampe regt in ethanolischer Chlorophylllösung Fluoreszenz an, Wasser löscht sie wieder. Versuche zum photochemischen Prinzip der Photosynthese.
Trendbericht Technische Chemie 2022
Authors: Kreitz Bjarne , Biessey Philip , Börnhorst Marion , Schallhart Verena , Westermann Thomas
Published: March 2022

Von atomaren Prozessen bis zu Stoffkreisläufen – die technische Chemie arbeitet auf allen Skalen am Ziel, die CO2‐Emissionen zu senken. Dafür werden Kreislaufwirtschaften eingerichtet, Reaktoren werden mit „grünem“ Strom beheizt, und die Multiskalen‐Modellierung sucht nach effizienteren Katalysatoren.
Psychological impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on nursing students in the first wave: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Roldán‐Merino Juan , Hurtado‐Pardos Barbara , Molina‐Raya Lorena , Bande David , Casas Irma , Farrés‐Tarafa Mariona
Published: March 2022

Aim

The aim of the study was to evaluate the psychological impact on nursing students at the end of period of confinement during the first wave of the COVID‐19 outbreak in Spain.

Design

A cross‐sectional study reported in line with the STROBE guidelines.

Methods

Nursing students were invited to complete an online questionnaire at the end of the 2019–2020 academic year using convenience sampling. The questionnaire collected data on sociodemographic factors, work, and life experiences in relation to COVID‐19, habits and lifestyle using the World Health Organization Five Well‐Being Index (WHO‐5) and the Generalized Anxiety disorder‐7 scale. Variables related to anxiety were analysed using multiple lineal regression analysis,

Results

The prevalence of low psychological well‐being in the 203 students was 44.3% and of anxiety 55.7%. In the multivariate analysis the variables associated with anxiety were having worked in the pandemic, having had symptoms of COVID‐19 and having been afraid of getting infected.

Conclusions

The levels of anxiety due to the COVID‐19 pandemic in nursing students have been high, and levels of psychological well‐being have been low. The fact of having worked during the pandemic, having had symptoms compatible with COVID‐19 or being afraid of getting infected are associated with the highest scores for anxiety.

Relevance to clinical practice

This study gives more evidence on the psychological impact on nursing students during the first wave of the pandemic in Spain. This can be used to design anxiety management programmes for inclusion into teaching syllabuses. It also gives arguments for the setting up of psychological and emotional support services for these students and other healthcare professionals working during the pandemic.
The synergism effect of montmorillonite on the intumescent flame retardant thermoplastic polyurethane composites prepared by selective laser sintering
Authors: Li Jianshuo , Wu Wei , Hu Huanbo , Rui Zhengguo , Zhao Tianyu , Zhang Xiyun
Published: March 2022

Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) is a powder‐based 3D printing technology. It offers a new means of fabricating complex modules with special properties, such as mechanical, flame retardant, electrical and thermal properties. In this paper, the effect of an intumescent flame retardant (IFR) and montmorillonite (MMT) on the fire resistance of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) was investigated. TPU composites powders were prepared by mixing with a two‐step method and can be effectively applied to SLS. Morphology characters exhibited that the fillers disperse well in the TPU powder. The structure analysis and hydrophilia analysis of sodium montmorillonite (Na‐MMT) and organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) demonstrates the different compatibility in TPU, which reflects diverse flame retardant behavior. With 22% IFR and 3% OMMT fillers, the LOI of TPU composites increased from 17.2% to 28% and subsequently a UL‐94 V‐0 ranking was obtained. In the CCT results, the formula of 22% IFR and 3% OMMT showed the lowest heat release and smoke production. The study also explored the effects of flame retardant fillers on the thermal stability of TPU composites and melting and crystallization behaviors in SLS processing. In addition, the char residues after heating were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and laser Raman spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that the composites have favorable flame retardant properties, thermal stability, char forming performance, and SLS process properties. The TPU composites prepared via SLS in this study demonstrated extensive potential in fire protection materials.