bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative evaluation of baseline SOFA score and CURB-65 score in predicting patient severity and outcome in COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary care ICU
Authors: Vineet Anvita , Choudhury Arin , Krishna Bhavya , Kohli Santvana , Kumar Arun
Published: July 2024

Introduction

COVID-19 is primarily a pulmonary disease, but with significant and frequent systemic manifestations. Our study aims to assess, which scoring system on admission—Confusion, Uraemia, Respiratory Rate > 30/min, Blood Pressure low, Age > 65 years (CURB-65) or SOFA, better correlates with COVID-19-positive patient mortality.

Methodology

This prospective observational study was conducted in COVID-positive adult patients. Upon admission, patient demographics, clinical condition and laboratory investigations were noted. SOFA and CURB-65 scores were calculated for each patient and the patient was followed up till the final outcome—transfer or expiry.

Results

Out of the 100 patients included in our study, the majority belonged to the age group of 41–60 years, with a mean age of 51 years. A significant proportion of patients (83%) had at least 1 pre-existing co-morbidity. The absence of co-morbidity showed an association with improved survival. The overall mortality rate was 46%. Baseline SOFA and CURB-65 scores showed a correlation with patient outcome, but SOFA showed a greater strength of association. It was found that at a cut-off of a total SOFA score of ≥4, it predicts patient expiry with a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 72%.

Discussion

CURB-65 is a scoring system used for severity assessment, guide therapy and prognostication of patients with lower respiratory tract infection or pneumonia. SOFA, on the other hand, is an ICU score used in multi-system diseases used for evaluating disease progression and prognostication. Many authors have found that SOFA score correlates well with patient outcome, and a high SOFA on admission usually indicates poor prognosis.
ECG abnormalities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation: can the ECG record still astound us? A prospective study
Authors: Biljana Lazovic , Ivan Zivotic , Radmila Dmitrovic , Nevena Jovičić , Isidora Simonovic , Rade Milic , Sanja Sarac
Published: July 2024

Introduction/objective

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a pulmonary disease characterized by persistent respiratory difficulties and impaired airflow. COPD patients have a higher risk for lung infections, like the flu or pneumonia, lung cancer, heart problems, weak muscles, brittle bones, depression, and anxiety.

The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of ECG abnormalities in patients with COPD experiencing exacerbations.

Patients and methods

The research encompassed a cohort of 832 individuals diagnosed with COPD who encountered episodes of exacerbations. Five hundred seventy-five (69.11%) of the included participants were women, and 257 (30.89%) were men. The included participants ranged from 18 to 60 years old. It was ensured that none of the participants had received any treatment for their condition for more than 3 days.

Results

Based on the level of exacerbation severity, the patient population is categorized into three distinct groups: moderate, comprising 330 (39.66%) individuals; severe, encompassing 406 (48.79%) individuals; and extremely severe, consisting of 96 (11.53%) individuals. During episodes of exacerbation in patients with COPD, the following ECG alterations were observed: a QTc less than 0.40 s in 99.15% of cases, a transitional ECG zone in 74.33% of cases, a P more than 2.5 mm in 45.67% of cases, an axis deviation towards the second quadrant (axis II) in 28% of cases, an incomplete right bundle branch block in 26.32% of cases, and a full right bundle branch block in 25.60% of cases.

Conclusion

Regardless of prior cardiac pathology, ECG is a low-cost, quick, and dependable modality for detecting ischemic changes in people experiencing a flare-up of COPD.
Post-COVID syndrome: Clinical pattern and impact on health related quality of life
Authors: Mohamed Ashraf Zin EL-Abdeen , Shaaban Lamiaa Hassan , Attia Mostafa Mahmoud , Khaleel Waleed Gamal Elddin
Published: July 2024

Background

COVID-19 management has changed from just dealing with a novel respiratory viral illness to unraveling the mystery of a systemic disease. This study aimed to assess clinical pattern for post-COVID survivors and impact on quality of life.

Methods

115 Patients suffering from COVID-19 affection were recruited in this study. The assessment included clinical history with special attention to symptoms attributable to post-COVID manifestations. Evaluation for presence of insomnia, anxiety and depression were done using insomnia severity index (ISI), Hamilton’s anxiety (HAM-A) and depression rating scales (HAM-D), respectively. Laboratory investigations included complete blood count (CBC), kidney function test, liver function test, C-reactive protein (CRP), and inflammatory markers including ESR, CRP and Ferritin level. EQ-5D-5L and EQ visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) were used to assess participants’ overall health status and quality of life.

Results

COVID-19 patients suffered from cough (76%), fever (72.9%), fatigue (72.9%), dyspnea (69.8%) and muscle/joint pain (66.1%) as the most distressing symptoms during period of acute infection. Regarding post-COVID syndrome (PCS); Dyspnea (32.2%), fatigue (26.1%), muscle/joint pain (22.6%), loss of taste (16.5%) and loss of smell (15.7%) were the most prevalent at 3 month evaluation. 46.9% patients developed manifestations attributable to post-COVID syndrome. Fever, cough, loss of smell and taste, fatigue, anxiety and insomnia persisted significantly for longer periods among severe cases (Group 2). EQ-5D-5L domains were significantly impaired among severe COVID patients. Significant positive correlation noticed between age and increased duration of dyspnea, muscle/joint pains and depression. Also, CT chest severity scores showed significant correlation with dyspnea, fatigue, muscle/joint pains (P=0.023, 0.012 and <0.001; respectively).

Conclusion

High prevalence of Post-COVID syndrome is a challenge to health care resources. PCS directly impacts mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain perception and anxiety and therefore is associated with lower quality of life among post-COVID patients.
Investigation of recurrence of joint symptoms after COVID-19 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Cross-sectional study
Authors: Akbarpour Afsaneh , Salesi Mansour , Babak Anahita
Published: July 2024

Background:

In this study, the relationship between involvement by COVID-19 and the recurrence of symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was investigated.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 112 patients with RA with and without a history of COVID-19. The severity and recurrence of RA symptoms were measured and recorded by the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS-28) index and clinical evaluations by a rheumatologist.

Results:

The results showed that the recurrence of RA in patients with and without a history of COVID-19 had a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). In addition, there was a statistically significant relationship between erythrocyte sedimentation rate, visual analogue scale (VAS), tender joint count, swollen joint count, and DAS-28 and the history of COVID-19 (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The present study showed that infection with COVID-19 leads to the recurrence of joint symptoms in RA patients.
Efficacy and safety of quick penetrating solution heparin, quick penetrating solution diclofenac, and heparin gel in the prevention of infusion-associated superficial thrombophlebitis: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bajpai Vijeta , Patel Tejas K. , Dwivedi Priyanka , Kabi Ankita , Singh Yashpal , Agarwal Richa , Gupta Ravi , Kishore Surekha
Published: July 2024

Background:

The present study aimed to compare the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of quick penetrating solution (QPS) heparin, QPS diclofenac, and heparin gel in the prevention of superficial thrombophlebitis (ST).

Materials and Methods:

This randomized controlled trial was conducted after approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee and registration to Clinical Trial Registry of India. Patients of 18–60 years age, American Society of Anesthesiologists I/II, and who needed venous cannulation for at least 72 h were included in the study. Patients were randomly divided into three groups receiving study drugs (heparin gel, QPS heparin, and QPS diclofenac) every 8 hourly for a period of 72 h. Venous cannulation site was graded using the Visual Infusion Phlebitis Scale. Patients developing no ST, mean time to reach ST Grade 1 and 2, prevention of ST probability, and cost-effectiveness of interventions during the study period were assessed.

Results:

Out of 219 included patients, development of no ST in the study groups at 72 h of treatment were heparin gel (11%), QPS heparin (9.6%), and QPS diclofenac (2.7%). The mean time (hours) to develop any grade ST in the study arms was heparin gel (36.2 [11.9]), QPS heparin (40.0 [13.4]), and QPS diclofenac (37.0 [13.2]). The Kaplan–Meier analysis did not reveal significant differences for the prevention of any grade ST or severe ST in three treatment arms. The average cost-effectiveness ratio for preventing thrombophlebitis was 14.2 in heparin gel-, 13.2 in QPS heparin-, and 95.6 in QPS diclofenac-treated patients.

Conclusion:

Based on efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness, heparin gel or QPS heparin can be used to prevent ST due to intravenous cannulation in surgical patients. QPS diclofenac is not a cost-effective option to prevent ST.
Impact of cytoreductive surgery with and without chemoradiation on the outcome of induced oral squamous cell carcinoma: an experimental study
Authors: Amr Nouran Mouhammed Ahmed , Salem Mohamed Labib , Shoushan Mohamad M. , AbouZaid Basant H.
Published: July 2024

Objectives

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of cytoreductive surgery with and without chemoradiation on tumor size, survival rate and systemic status in hamsters with chemically induced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Design

The study was conducted on eighty-eight male hamsters. OSCC was induced by 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a] anthracene (DMBA) painted on hamsters’ buccal pouch. Hamsters were subsequently divided into four groups, group 1 (n = 22) employed as control group, group 2 (n = 22) with only induced OSCC left without treatment, group 3 (n = 22) underwent surgical removal of 75% of tumor mass, and group 4 (n = 22) underwent surgical procedures combined with chemoradiation.

Results

Clinical evaluation revealed that cytoreductive surgery combined with chemoradiation was associated with overall tumor size reduction and improvement of survival rate. Histological examination revealed necrosis of tumor tissue and heavy infiltration by chronic inflammatory cells were also observed.

Conclusion

Chemoradioation therapy after debulking surgery was associated with a decrease of tumor size and improvement in survival rate.
Comparative evaluation of dental integrity using three computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing customized post systems
Authors: Ghalleb Mohammed A. , El-Dessouky Radwa A. , Massoud Gaber I.
Published: July 2024

Background

Endodontically treated teeth (ETT) are considered structurally compromised due to significant changes in their biomechanics.The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate fracture resistance using three computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) customized post systems.

Methods

Forty extracted intact maxillary central incisors were used in the study, and the teeth were endodontically treated and randomly divided into four equal groups (n = 10): control group without any post and accessed cavity was restored with direct composite restoration. Test groups were prepared for a post and restored according to the material type. The posts and cores were fabricated with computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing technology using titanium, vita enamic, and biological dentin materials. The posts were luted using self-adhesive resin cement, and then, zirconia crowns were fabricated, cemented, teeth in all groups were mounted to universal testing machine and subjected to compressive load in Newton at crosshead speed 0.5 mm/min.

Results

Control group exhibited the highest fracture resistance (727 ± 172.05) followed by biological dentin posts with mean value (712.29 ± 298.58) then group titanium posts with mean value (678.59 ± 132.83) and the least fracture resistance was for group vita enamic with mean value 331.84 ± 74.27. Regarding to fracture favorable it was significantly higher in vita post group than titanium post group (70% vs. 30%) and control group (70% vs. 10%) but it was significantly higher in biological dentin group than titanium group (80% vs. 70%).

Conclusion

According to type of material, teeth restored with the biological dentin posts showed highest fracture resistance followed by titanium posts, the least fracture resistance was vita enami posts.
Desempeño ambiental y percepción social de una edificación con certificación ambiental. Estudio de caso del hotel de tres estrellas en Miraflores, Ciudad de Lima, Perú
Authors: Defilippi-Shinzato Milagros , Castañeda-Pérez Luz , Rodríguez-Cerrón Lizbeth , Watanabe-Takayama Alexandra , Holguín-Defilippi Daniel , Mantilla-Huertas Joaquín , Dueñas-Dávila Alexis
Published: July 2024

Las edificaciones verdes consideran soluciones técnicas para disminuir el uso de energía y agua –algo que las hace intensivas en tecnología; aun así, su desempeño ambiental es mejor que aquél de los smart buildings o edificaciones inteligentes. El mejor desempeño se debe no solo al uso de materiales reciclados, sino a la integración de la edificación con el entorno que, en el caso del sistema de clasificación LEED1, implica cumplir con el criterio site and evironment. Aun así, se hace necesario evaluar el desempeño ambiental de estas edificaciones con uso de indicadores de ecoeficiencia. El objetivo fue estimar el desempeño ambiental de una edificación certificada con parámetros públicos locales (escenario de línea de base), comparada con las certificaciones internacionales LEED y EDGE2 (escenario optimizado). En el modelado de impactos ambientales asociados a la energía y el agua se empleó la metodología de análisis de ciclo de vida (ACV) usando el software SimaPro. El escenario optimizado tiene una reducción del 34% de las emisiones asociadas a gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) para la categoría de calentamiento global (GW) y de 20% en el agotamiento de recursos (agua). En la fase de preuso (construcción), el escenario optimizado registra menor desempeño ambiental (incremento de emisiones en 2%). La fase de uso explica el elevado desempeño ambiental de la edificación en su ciclo de vida (preuso y uso).
Evaluación de demanda energética y confort térmico en escenarios de cambio climático para vivienda tropical: caso de San Andrés y Providencia, Colombia
Authors: Ramírez-Cuastuza Anna Gabriela , Alarcón-Rodríguez Oscar Mauricio
Published: July 2024

La arquitectura y el sector edificatorio son los principales consumidores de energía a nivel global. Este estudio comparó los resultados mediante el uso de datos climáticos futuros con el fin de estimar los cambios climáticos y la variación en el confort térmico futuro en el territorio insular colombiano, más específicamente San Andrés y Providencia. Ello porque dado que, pese a la alteración en el rango de confort térmico de los escenarios futuros, la demanda de energía de las edificaciones aumenta en el clima cálido-húmedo. Ante esto se realizaron simulaciones térmico-energéticas avanzadas con el software Design Builder sobre un modelo de vivienda básico. Los resultados mostraron que, para los años 2030, 2050 y 2100, podría verse un aumento en la demanda de energía por refrigeración por los efectos ya reconocidos del calentamiento global.
On a property of the Rademacher system and $\Lambda(2)$-spaces
Authors: Astashkin Sergei Vladimirovich , Semenov Evgenii Mikhailovich
Published: July 2024

The closed linear span of the Rademacher functions in $L^2[0,1]$ contains functions with arbitrarily large distribution, provided that the ratio of this distribution to the distribution of a standard normal variable tends to zero. A similar result is also obtained for some classes of $\Lambda(2)$-spaces.
Bibliography: 18 titles.
Pharmacognostic Evaluation and Antioxidant Activities of Tetracera indica (Christm. and Panz.) Merr
Authors: Ladeska Vera , Elya Berna , Hanafi Muhammad , Kusmardi  , Rohmat Siti Saudah
Published: July 2024

The community uses Tetracera indica (Christm. and Panz.) Merr extensively as a traditional medicine. This plant was the main source of raw materials for herbal medicinal products, so identification was needed to ensure its authenticity through pharmacognosy evaluation. The present study evaluated macros- and microscopic characteristics, performed phytochemical analysis, and performed total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC) analysis. The organoleptic and macroscopic studies were carried out through sensory organs. The microscopic characteristics of leaf powder and twigs identification using chloral hydrate and distilled water. Numerous chemical reagents, TLC methods and LC-MS/MS analysis were employed in the phytochemical study. Research employed DPPH and FRAP tests to assess the antioxidant activity. Furthermore, quercetin was used as a marker of antioxidant activity. The morphological marker of the leaf T. indica showed the surface of the leaves is rough bristles, shape elliptic-oblong, margin serratus and phyllotaxy alternate. The stem is lignosus, and the rough stem surface is slightly peeling. The lower leaf surface had paracytic stomata and uniseriate trichomes with tapering ends. Raphide crystals and cork cells were detected in the powder analysis of the twigs. The ethyl acetate extract's twig had the highest TPC and TFC values. Ethyl acetate extract from Tetracera indica twigs has potent antioxidant activity with IC50 = 99.84±0.011 µg/ml (DPPH) and 4296.67±0.024 mol/g (FRAP). The study showed that Tetracera indica contains possible active components that could be developed as novel antioxidants. The result of this study might provide early verification and identification to obtain quality medicinal raw materials.
Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, and Antibacterial Activities of Terminalia bellerica Seed Extracts in Various Solvent Polarities
Authors: Atmira Sariwati  , Fita Sari  , Venty Suryanti  , Desi Suci Handayani  , Ichiro Kamei  , Ninis Yuliati
Published: July 2024

Terminalia bellerica is well-known for producing edible fruits with pharmacotherapeutic properties. Traditional healers use these species to treat and control diabetes mellitus, its side effects, and other illnesses. Involved in this disease's pathophysiological process, extensive research has been conducted to validate and comprehend these bioactive claims scientifically. This research aims to ascertain the bioactive metabolite contents of different solvent polarities, including ethyl acetate, hexane, distilled water, and methanol. The phenol concentration was determined using the Follin-Ciocalteu procedure to be between 23.45 and 160.41 mg GAE/g. The aluminum chloride colorimetric technique measured flavonoid concentration from 88.52 to 7.12 mg QE/g. The quantitative values of tannic acid, which spanned from 0.78 to 5.32 mg TAE/g, were determined by spectrophotometry UV-VIS. The extracts' capacity to reduce free radical damage ABTS (2, 2' azinobis (3-ethylbenzene-thiazoline-6-sulfonic-acid) and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) was examined. The extract ethyl acetate exhibited the most significant level of antioxidant activity, with IC50 values for DPPH and ABTS of 28.17 and 22.22 g/ml, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus (23 mm) and  were tested for antibacterial and antifungal activity in a methanol extract (21 mm). In vitro, antidiabetic activities were assessed using α-glucoside and α-amylase inhibition. The ethyl acetate extract has α-glucoside inhibition IC50 of 23.04 g/ml and α-amylase inhibition IC50 of 25.35 g/ml. T. bellerica seed includes secondary metabolites that show promise as lead chemicals in creating potent medications.
Economics needs ethics to be relevant for the real world we live in!
Authors: Wilber Charles K.
Published: July 2024

It is widely believed by economists and non-economists alike that knowing about and ‘doing’ economics does not involve ethical or moral issues. The typical introductory economics textbook starts with simplified statements about economics being value-free and ethically-neutral. But this is not correct and students need to be introduced to economics differently. This paper makes the case for a more explicit and integrated treatment of ethics in our undergraduate economics programs. The argument has two parts. First, economics and ethics are interrelated because both economists and economic actors hold ethical values that shape their behavior. Second, economic institutions and policies impact people differentially so that ethical evaluations, in addition to economic evaluations, are important. Rather than pretend that economics is value-neutral, our programs must show how these effects can be understood so that more effective economists are graduated from our universities.
Why my doctor is a Kantian and my car mechanic is an Aristotelian: bringing marketplace ethics into the classroom
Authors: Wight Jonathan B.
Published: July 2024

This article makes the case for bringing ethics more explicitly into the economics classroom. It outlines a theory of pluralist ethical institutions, explains how these may solve certain problems in markets and relates them to a model of human behaviour proposed by Adam Smith. Markets operate not only on the foundation of outcome incentives tied to contracts and property rights, but also on the basis of Kantian duty and Aristotelian virtue. These latter concepts explain the development of deeper trust, which reduces transaction costs and risks. Trust can be achieved through reputational effects in repeat trade and from sharing sentiments and principles. Smith’s moral sentiments model describes how individuals come to develop the self-control needed to obey social norms and laws relating to honesty and treating others with respect. The article provides examples of markets that are enhanced by non-consequentialist ethical institutions, as well as some of the constraints imposed by them. It thus provides a strong case for dealing with ethics in standard economics courses and it makes some suggestions for how this can be done simply and effectively.
Comparative constitutional modalities: towards a rigorous but realistic comparative constitutional studies
Authors: Dixon Rosalind
Published: July 2024

Constitutional comparison involves a range of different modes of comparison – that is, comparison that is ‘genetic’ or ‘genealogical’, deliberative or discourse-oriented, doctrinal, empirical, reflective and moral-cosmopolitan in scope, as well as hybrid in nature. Each of these modes has ‘thinner’ and ‘thicker’ variants, and a somewhat different focus, or concern to understand the constitutional history, arguments, doctrines, practices and experiences, or values, of other countries. Further, each implies a different geographic focus, or scope, and attention to comparative judicial decisions, legislative practices and social science sources. Some forms of comparison are also more methodologically demanding, than others. Empirical comparison in particular invites either ‘large n’ studies, or else, ‘smaller n’, qualitative studies that draw on rigorous principles of case-selection. One of the aims of the article is also to explain these principles, while at the same time arguing for a robust and realistic approach to their application.
Constitutional public reason book symposium: public reason and the smoking out of illicit motives
Authors: Petersen Niels
Published: July 2024

This article reviews Wojciech Sadurski’s book on public reason. Sadurski’s main argument is that courts can determine whether a law expresses fundamental respect for persons by performing a motive review. The review will focus predominantly on the second part of Sadurski’s book where he reconstructs the domestic case law of different constitutional and supreme courts to highlight that these courts often make use of a motive review without explicitly saying so. The article offers four comments: first, I believe that Sadurski’s reconstruction of the case law of different constitutional courts is largely correct. Courts do indeed often perform a motive review under the proportionality test without explicitly acknowledging this. Second, I do not share Sadurski’s normative inclination that courts should be more open in labelling their motive review as such as this could lead to political backlash. Third, I fear that the concept of public reason as motive review is underinclusive. I argue that motive review does not cover (and should not cover) the majority of what courts do when reviewing government action. The final comment addresses the third part of the book on international governance, where I argue that Sadurski’s conception is slightly too court-centric.
Constitutional adjudication and the changing content of public reason: some reflections on Wojciech Sadurski’s Constitutional Public Reason1
Authors: Nadarajalingam Jayani
Published: July 2024

In Constitutional Public Reason, Wojciech Sadurski contributes to our understanding of constitutional liberal democracy by bringing together public reason, constitutional theory, and detailed constitutional law in a powerful and productive way. Sadurski’s account of public reason, one that is in many important respects different from John Rawls’s own account, correctly recognises the mutability of the content of public reason. I argue that the recognition of the mutability of the content of public reason, however, puts pressure on Sadurski’s characterisation of the relationship between courts and public reason.
Legislative measures and legislators’ motives
Authors: Webber Grégoire
Published: July 2024

This review of Wojciech Sadurski’s Constitutional Public Reason explores the relationship between the legislative measures voted on by legislators and their motivations for so voting. The relationship between such measures and motivations is examined by reference to GEM Anscombe’s famous example of a man at a pump to illustrate the different descriptions that may be given for a human action. Where the relevant action requires the participation of more than one person, only that aspect of each person’s plan of action that is shared with the others can be ascribed to them jointly, suggesting that the purpose of legislation does not encompass every motivation of the diverse legislators that voted for it.
Internal legitimacy as a benchmark criterion for the inclusion of NSAGs in the making of IHL
Authors: Janssens Pauline Charlotte
Published: July 2024

Currently, non-state armed groups (NSAGs) are bound by customary international humanitarian law (IHL) without their consent or inclusion in its making. On the one hand, NSAGs’ inclusion in law-making would make IHL more adapted to situations of rebel governance, the capabilities of NSAGs, and could result in a compliance pull vis-à-vis NSAGs. On the other hand, such inclusion might be undesirable, unreasonable, and unfeasible. Nevertheless, all arguments pro and contra NSAGs’ inclusion do not necessarily apply to all types of NSAGs. However, scholarship lacks a convincing criterion to decide which NSAGs could participate in the formation of customary IHL. This article attempts to provide such a criterion by approaching the discussion in a non-state-centered manner and puts those most affected by armed conflict at the center: communities under rebel governance. It proposes a more holistic interpretation of the practice-criterion for custom-making in combination with the criterion of internal legitimacy to decide which NSAGs to include in customary IHL’s making. Internal legitimacy is generated when communities consent and support rebel governance in a non-coerced manner, motivated by performance-based and symbolic catalysts for legitimacy. This article elaborates on what is understood by the notions of procedural fairness and non-coerced community consent and support; and how it answers the concerns about delegitimizing national governments, legalizing armed struggle, and the detrimental impact of NSAGs’ practice on the substantive protection offered by IHL.
Penggunaan Google Classroom dalam Pembelajaran untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Fisika
Authors: Amin Nurul Fuad
Published: July 2024

The outbreak of the COVID-19 virus in Indonesia had resulted all activities having to be done at home. Therefore, the world of education must be able to create learning media that can be operated effectively from home. The problem of this research is the use of the Google classroom application in the physics learning process at SMAN 1 Sariwangi. The objectives to be achieved in this study are to identify and analyze the use of the Google Classroom application in the learning process. The research method used in this study is a qualitative research with descriptive methods. Data collection was conducted through interviews and observations. The subjects in this study were students of Class X IPA 1.The results showed that the Google Classroom application is a very flexible learning medium in place and time. The use of the google classroom application is also effective for distributing teaching materials and collecting assignments cause they use stationery. Any teacher can easily upload PowerPoints, videos and questions using Google Classroom. The conclusion of this research is that learning through the Google Classroom application is the right tool chosen for teachers, even though there are several obstacles that must be faced in the face of limited internet networks in some areas, the use of quotas, and at the same time the faciloties faced by some students
Peningkatan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar Ekonomi Materi Permasalahan Ketenagakerjaan melalui Penerapan Metode Snowball Throwing pada Siswa SMAN 1 Ciawi
Authors: Karyawan Awan
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study was to find out the activities and learning outcomes of economics on employment issues through the application of the snowball throwing method to class XI IPS 3 students of SMAN 1 Ciawi in the 2018/2019 academic year. This research was conducted using classroom action research method. This research was conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Ciawi, District Ciawi, the reason the author conducted research at SMA Negeri 1 Ciawi is because the author serves and teaches as a teacher of Economics. using the snowball throwing method learning in class XI IPS 3 SMAN 1 Ciawi, this can be seen from the level of student learning completeness per cycle, namely in the pre-cycle with a KKM of 75 students who completed the pre-cycle there were 11 students or 28.95%, cycle I there are 18 students or 47.37% and in the second cycle there are 34 students or 89.47%. This shows what teachers do to improve learning outcomes by using the snowball throwing method learning successfully and achieving the specified indicator, which is 75%.
Penggunaan Google Classroom pada Pembelajaran Daring dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika
Authors: Wiwin Wiwin
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the use of Google Classroom in Online Learning in Improving Mathematics Learning Outcomes. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research, with reference to problem solving strategies. The reason for using this qualitative descriptive research is because the author wants to improve and improve the quality of learning. In addition, this research is an effort to improve the writer's performance. The research was conducted on the XII IPA grade students of SMAN 2 Singaparna, Tasikmalaya Regency. The research subjects were students of class XII IPA SMAN 2 Singaparna, Tasikmalaya Regency with a total of 36 students. Based on this article, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1) Learning mathematics using Google Classroom during the covid-19 pandemic in class XII IPA at SMAN 2 Singaparna is beneficial for students so that students can still carry out learning even with limitations. 2) The advantages of using Google Classroom, teachers and students become accustomed to using online learning. Barriers to the use of Google Classroom, teachers and students cannot meet face to face in learning. If the facilities are inadequate, it can hinder the implementation of online learning
Pembiasaan Berwirausaha Untuk Seluruh Warga SMA N 1 Karangnunggal Melalui Aplikasi E Commerce SOS (SMANKA Online Shop)
Authors: Permana Aji
Published: July 2024

GoEntrepreneurship is the attitude, soul and ability to create something new that is valuable and useful to yourself and others. Entrepreneurship is a mindset and spirit that is always positive or creative, empowering, creative, creative, humble, and seeks to increase income through business. Entrepreneurship occurs when someone tries to develop a new business or idea. Entrepreneurs are always dissatisfied with their performance. An entrepreneur is someone who can seize the opportunity to develop a business in order to improve the standard of living. Against this background, the author believes that entrepreneurship should be cultivated in schools with the aim of making it a habit, so that young entrepreneurs grow from an early age. The problem in this case study is the impact of e-commerce SOS (SMANKA online shop) on increasing entrepreneurship in schools. Based on our findings, we are very satisfied with the results, more than 1000 users, 512 partners, and 600 transactions registered on E-commerce SOS within 100 days of using e-commerce SOS. Students feel an advantage in personal character/ethics, online sales procedures, and store setup to attract buyers. This study is therefore of great value in preparing students for the future
PENGGUNAAN MEDIA SOSIAL YOUTUBE TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA PADA TEKNIK OTOMOTIF DI KELAS X TMO 1 SMKN BANTARKALONG
Authors: Kadarusman Agus
Published: July 2024

When studying automotive engineering, one of the sources you can use to visualize automotive engineering facts is YouTube. With YouTube, the teacher no longer has to explain or render information in her two-dimensional form. Emphasize only reflection on learning. Based on this, the formulation of the research question looks like this: How to use Youtube for automotive engineering teaching materials for light car engine maintenance? Using YouTube videos as a learning medium can be very helpful in your students' learning process. In short, it is very helpful for students to have additional information beyond library books, student manuals, and explanations from teachers. Availability of up-to-date information on various types of scientific and technological developments taking place in different parts of the world. So that the student's knowledge and insight expands and exceeds the planned goals. Then, while comparing with the information presented by the teacher, deepen your knowledge and look for things that need explanation or understanding. Learning to use YouTube videos as a learning medium has made it easier for students to learn and easier for teachers to teach. After attending a vehicle technology class, teachers often give video assignments. The pros and cons of using YouTube media for car learning is that it is easily accessible at any time and there is a lot of interesting learning videos and content that can help you better understand car learning
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE JIGSAW DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA
Authors: Siska Nelia
Published: July 2024

The aim of this research is to improve student learning outcomes in trigonometry material in class X Hospitality 2 SMK Negeri 1 Tasikmalaya. The method used in this research is the classroom action research method. The data collection techniques used are observation techniques and written test techniques. The population and sample in this study were 35 students of Class X Hospitality 2. Based on the results of data analysis, it was found that student learning outcomes in trigonometry concepts in class at the beginning of cycle I was 32.80, the final test score was 75.80 and in cycle II the final test score was 81.40. This research concludes that the use of the jigsaw type cooperative learning model can improve the mathematics learning outcomes of trigonometry concepts in class X Hospitality 2 students at SMK Negeri 1 Tasikmalaya
MEMBANGUN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP SISWA MELALUI MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING
Authors: Wardani Imas Srinana , Sulistyawati Ida
Published: July 2024

The concept of digestive organs is difficult for elementary school (SD) students to understand, so in the learning process a learning model is used. The problem-based learning model is used to build understanding of students' concepts, because this model uses contextual problems that can help students identify elements of concepts. The purpose of this study is to determine the improvement of students' understanding of concepts through problem-based learning models. This type of research is quantitative research with a nonequivalent control group design. The subject of research for grade V elementary school students at SDN Tenggilis Mejoyo I Surabaya. The instrument used is a test of understanding the concept of digestive organs. The results of the analysis can be seen the results of the t test using Mann Whitney the results are significant, the calculation of the test is different from the test score data p-value value < α = 0.05 which means that learning using a problem-based learning model can build understanding of concepts
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MELALUI METODE PRAKTIKUM BERBASIS LINGKUNGAN PADA MATERI LAJU REAKSI DI SMAN 1 KARANGNUNGGAL
Authors: Rohayah Dede
Published: July 2024

Optimal learning outcomes are supported by the teacher's ability to teach and use facilities to support student learning outcomes. In fact, learning at SMAN 1 Karangnunggal still uses old methods which do not improve learning outcomes. Students tend to observe and memorize material and the teacher's lack of ability to use existing facilities such as laboratories and the limited materials needed for practicum. The purpose of this study was to determine teacher activity, student activity, improve learning outcomes and student responses through an environment-based practicum method on reaction rate material. This research is a classroom action research. Data was collected through 3 cycles using observation, questionnaires and tests. Then the resulting data is analyzed through the data reduction stage, the data presentation stage and the conclusion drawing stage. The research results obtained an increase in teacher activity and student activity marked by the percentage (88%) and (80%), the average acquisition achieved from learning outcomes in cycle I was 68.50, Cycle II was 73.16 and in cycle III was 77, 83. This shows that there is an increase in learning outcomes after following the learning process. And it can be concluded that this environment-based practicum method is able to improve student learning outcomes
PENERAPAN COOPERATIF LEARNING TIPE TEAM ASSISTED INDIVIDUALIZATION UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Hardiana Nanang
Published: July 2024

This study aims to determine the extent of the influence of the application of the Team Assisted Individualization type cooperative learning model () on improving student learning outcomes and the ability of teachers to make learning plans and carry out the learning process through the application of the Team Assisted Individualization type cooperative learning model (). The study was conducted in 2 cycles with two meetings for each cycle. The subject of the study was students of class X TKR 1 SMKN 1 Cijulang. The material taken in this study is the material Functions sub-chapters Composition and Inverse functions. The number of students is 36 people, research instruments in the form of written tests and observation sheets (observations) of learning activity plans and activities of teachers and students during the implementation of learning. Data analysis was carried out in each learning cycle using triangulation, saturation and colding / labeling stages. The conclusions of the study showed that there was an increase in the ability of teachers to make plans for learning activities in the second cycle. The observation results showed that the average value in cycle 1 was 279 or 69.75% while cycle 2 was 300 or 75%. The observation results for the teacher's ability to manage learning activities, in cycle 1 amounted to 66.4% and in cycle 2 amounted to 74.22%. So it can be said that there is an increase in the ability of teachers to carry out the learning process through the application of a Team Assisted Individualization () type cooperative learning model. In addition, the Cooperative Learning Type Team Assisted Individualization () learning model can improve student learning outcomes, this can be seen from the results in cycle I the average student score of 70, in cycle II it increases to 80
PENGGUNAAN MEDIA -AUDIO VISUAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI SISWA BELAJAR MUSIK ANSAMBLE KELAS VIII-A SMP NEGERI 15 KOTA TASIKMALAYA
Authors: Fatimah Fatimah
Published: July 2024

Learning media in the form of books, radio broadcasts, recorded events, films, computers, and television have the potential to grow and develop learning communities. Therefore, every teaching and learning activity to achieve educational goals, the use of media cannot be ignored. Teacher is a career position. Functional and professional, a member of the community who is competent (capable, able and authorized) and gains the trust of the community and/or government to carry out the duties, functions and roles and responsibilities of teachers, both in school-line educational institutions and out-of-school institutions. Teachers who have not mastered learning will be left behind by the flow of information and communication developments. A creative alternative for that is learning that is able to balance the work of the left and right hemispheres of the brain. The left brain plays an important role in the processing of logic, words, mathematics and sequences or what is known as the brain related to academic learning. While the right brain is related to rhythm, music, pictures, colors, space and imagination or what is known as the brain which is related to creative activity. The combination of the work of the two hemispheres in a lesson is what can reproduce the creativity of mastering learning concepts. The proper implementation of learning media for this is "Audio Visual". This media is the best technique in helping the brain's thinking process regularly because it uses graphical techniques derived from human thought which are useful for providing universal keys so as to unlock the potential of the brain. So that the summarized subject matter becomes visually and graphically patterned which can ultimately help record, strengthen, and recall the information that has been learned. This research was conducted in class VIII-A, with the following learning outcomes data: 1) the average interest and motivation in the two cycles was 75.5%, and in the high category; 2) the average activity / process skills in the two cycles are very high; "Audio Visual Media" is proven to be able to increase motivation to learn Arts and Culture and student activities in class VIII-A SMPN 15 Tasikmalaya, on the material "Learning Musical Ensembles
KEPEMIMPINAN ISLAMI KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN ETIKA KOMUNIKASI GURU DI SATUAN PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Andriani Astri Dwi
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study is to find out how the concept of Islamic leadership of school principals improves teacher communication ethics in education units. The type of research used in this discussion is using library research or literature review which includes: systematic identification, analysis of documents containing information related to the study problem. In this study, the data collection method that researchers used was the documentation method, namely finding data about things or variables in the form of books, newspapers, journals, and so on. The results of the study show that in Arabic it is known as alAl-Imamu khodimul ummah, which means a leader is a servant for the people he leads. The application of al-Imamu khodimul is carried out by means of the heart, head and hands of the serving principal. Ultimately, the Islamic leadership of the principal is expected to become a role model or role model for teachers in serving students, in particular the ethical communication skills of teachers in serving students in education units. At least 6 concepts of Islamic communication ethics are known based on the Qur'an as described
PENGARUH MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS SMART APPS CREATOR PADA PELAJARAN DESAIN GRAFIS TERHADAP MINAT BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Fricticarani Ade , Dayurni Popi , Abdala Muhamad Iqbal
Published: July 2024

This research aims to determine the effect of Smart Apps Creator-based learning media in graphic design lessons on students' learning interest. This research uses a Quasi-Experimental quantitative research method. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the influence of Smart Apps Creator-based learning media on graphic design lessons is moderate, namely with a gain index of 0.63, the influence of conventional learning media is included in the medium criteria, namely with a gain index of 0.54 and increased learning outcomes with Smart learning media. Apps Creator is better than increasing learning outcomes from conventional learning media in graphic design lessons in Class XI MA Al-Khairiyah Pipitan Serang. Based on the results of the t test from the average value of students' learning interest, tcount > ttable (8.952> 2.02809), and the significance value (P) is <(0.05), thus Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. There is an influence of smart apps creator-based learning media on class XI students' interest in learning at MA Al-Khairiyah Pipitan Serang
UPAYA GURU TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN KARAKTER KEJUJURAN DI SD/MI
Authors: Anjani Astri Sekar Ayu , Herianingtyas Nur Luthfi Rizqa
Published: July 2024

This journal aims to investigate the efforts made by teachers in forming and strengthening the character of honesty at the Elementary School/Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (SD/MI) level. The character of honesty has an important role in forming a quality person and building a moral society. This study used a qualitative approach involving several teachers and students from several SD/MI who were randomly selected. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and related document analysis. The results showed that the teacher's efforts to form the character of honesty include several aspects. In conclusion, teachers play an important role in shaping the honesty character of students in SD/MI. Their efforts through teaching methods, real experiences, feedback, and supportive school policies can effectively build and strengthen students' honesty character. The implication of this research is the need for greater emphasis on developing the character of honesty in the curriculum and training of teachers to ensure that this value continues to be instilled in the younger generation as a solid moral foundation