bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measurement and mental health disparities: Psychopathology classification and identity assessment
Authors: Eaton Nicholas R.
Published: June 2019

Mental health disparities research compares groups of individuals with regard to their mental health status, and numerous studies have reported significant and burdensome disparities across populations. This literature is based almost entirely on traditional mental disorder constructs (e.g. major depressive disorder and borderline personality disorder) as defined by official nosologies, but these disorders are associated with numerous problems of reliability and validity. Advances in psychopathology classification research have converged on an alternative conceptualization of mental disorder structure, which comprises a set of transdiagnostic dimensions that cut across traditional diagnostic boundaries and overcome the limitations of traditional diagnoses. The application of these dimensions, particularly those of the hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology model, holds great promise for mental health disparities research. Measurement considerations associated with these transdiagnostic dimensions, as well as participants' intersecting identities, are discussed. Incorporation of these measurement advances with statistical advances allows for the generation and testing of unique hypotheses related to minority stressors that may give rise to observed disparities. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plant–Microbe Symbiosis: What Has Proteomics Taught Us?
Authors: Khatabi Behnam , Gharechahi Javad , Ghaffari Mohammad Reza , Liu Dilin , Haynes Paul A. , McKay Matthew J. , Mirzaei Mehdi , Salekdeh Ghasem Hosseini
Published: June 2019

Beneficial microbes have a positive impact on the productivity and fitness of the host plant. A better understanding of the biological impacts and underlying mechanisms by which the host derives these benefits will help to address concerns around global food production and security. The recent development of omics‐based technologies has broadened our understanding of the molecular aspects of beneficial plant–microbe symbiosis. Specifically, proteomics has led to the identification and characterization of several novel symbiosis‐specific and symbiosis‐related proteins and post‐translational modifications that play a critical role in mediating symbiotic plant–microbe interactions and have helped assess the underlying molecular aspects of the symbiotic relationship. Integration of proteomic data with other “omics” data can provide valuable information to assess hypotheses regarding the underlying mechanism of symbiosis and help define the factors affecting the outcome of symbiosis. Herein, an update is provided on the current and potential applications of symbiosis‐based “omic” approaches to dissect different aspects of symbiotic plant interactions. The application of proteomics, metaproteomics, and secretomics as enabling approaches for the functional analysis of plant‐associated microbial communities is also discussed.
A Mass Spectrometry Survey of Chromatin‐Associated Proteins in Pluripotency and Early Lineage Commitment
Authors: van Mierlo Guido , Wester Roelof Alexander , Marks Hendrik
Published: June 2019

Pluripotency can be captured in vitro in the form of Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs). These ESCs can be either maintained in the unrestricted “naïve” state of pluripotency, adapted to developmentally more constrained “primed” pluripotency or differentiated towards each of the three germ layers. Epigenetic protein complexes and transcription factors have been shown to specify and instruct transitions from ESCs to distinct cell states. In this study, proteomic profiling of the chromatin landscape by chromatin enrichment for proteomics (ChEP) is used in mouse naive pluripotent ESCs, primed pluripotent Epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs), and cells in early stages of differentiation. A comprehensive overview of epigenetic protein complexes associated with the chromatin is provided and proteins associated with the maintenance and loss of pluripotency are identified. The data reveal major compositional alterations of epigenetic complexes during priming and differentiation of naïve pluripotent ESCs. These results contribute to the understanding of ESC differentiation and provide a framework for future studies of lineage commitment of ESCs.
Proteome Profile of Endogenous Retrotransposon‐Associated Complexes in Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Vuong Linh M. , Pan Songqin , Donovan Peter J.
Published: June 2019

Long Interspersed Element‐1 (LINE‐1 or L1) are transposable elements similar to retroviruses that have existed in the genome of primates for millions of years. They encode two Open Reading Frame (ORF) proteins (ORF1p and ORF2p) that bind L1 RNA to form a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex and are required for L1 integration into the host genome. Humans have evolved with L1 and found ways to limit L1 activity. To identify partners of the L1 RNP, previous studies used ectopic expression of L1 ORF1/2p or RNA in various cancer cells, which express low levels of the ORF proteins. Whether naturally occurring L1 RNP interacts with the same proteins in non‐cancer cells is unknown. Here, the aim is to examine the natural assembly of endogenous L1 RNPs in normal human cells. L1 elements are expressed in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), derived from pre‐implantation embryos. Therefore, these cells are used to immunoprecipitate ORF1p followed by MS to identify proteins that associate with the naturally‐occurring L1 ORF1p. Some of the same proteins as well as unique proteins are found interacting with the endogenous L1 ORF1p complexes. The analysis of ORF1p‐associated proteins in hESCs can help address important questions in both retrotransposon biology and the biology of hESCs.
Upper Extremity Rehabilitation Using Fully Immersive Virtual Reality Games With a Head Mount Display: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Lee Seung Hak , Jung Hae‐Yoon , Yun Seo Jung , Oh Byung‐Mo , Seo Han Gil
Published: June 2019

Background

Rehabilitation therapy using a virtual reality (VR) system for stroke patients has gained attention. However, few studies have investigated fully immersive VR using a head‐mount display (HMD) for upper extremity rehabilitation in stroke patients.

Objective

To investigate the feasibility, preliminary efficacy, and usability of a fully immersive VR rehabilitation program using a commercially available HMD for upper‐limb rehabilitation in stroke patients.

Design

A feasibility study.

Setting

Two rehabilitation centers.

Participants

Twelve stroke patients with upper extremity weakness.

Interventions

Five upper extremity rehabilitation tasks were implemented in a virtual environment, and the participants wore an HMD (HTC Vive) and trained with appropriate tasks. Participants received a total of 10 sessions two to three times a week, consisting of 30 minutes per session.

Main Outcome Measures

Both patient participation and adverse effects of VR training were monitored. Primary efficacy was assessed using functional outcomes (Action Research Arm Test, Box and Block Test, and modified Barthel Index), before and after the intervention. Usability was assessed using a self‐reported questionnaire.

Results

Three patients discontinued VR training, and nine patients completed the entire training sessions and there were no adverse effects due to motion sickness. The patients who received all sessions showed significant functional improvement in all outcome measures after training (P < .05 for all measures). The overall satisfaction was 6.3 ± 0.8 on a 7‐point Likert scale in all participants.

Conclusions

A fully immersive VR rehabilitation program using an HMD for rehabilitation of the upper extremities following stroke is feasible and, in this small study, no serious adverse effects were identified.

Level of Evidence

IV.
Religious comfort and anxiety in women with cancer: The mediating role of hope and moderating role of religious struggle
Authors: Zarzycka Beata , Śliwak Jacek , Krok Dariusz , Ciszek Paweł
Published: June 2019

Objective

Religiosity is an important source of consolation among individuals suffering from cancer. However, religion does not always bring comfort. Religious struggles elicit stress. We examined whether religious comfort predicts anxiety in patients diagnosed as having cancer. Hope was examined as a mediator and religious struggle as a moderator in this relationship.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional, descriptive‐analytical research, 77 Polish women with cancer were selected using sequential convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Religious Comfort and Strain Scale, the Adult Hope Scale, and the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory. A statistical procedure using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression was employed.

Results

Religious comfort correlated negatively with anxiety (.007) and positively with hope (.006). Hope correlated negatively with anxiety (.011). Hope was a mediator in the relationship between religious comfort and anxiety: indirect effect (IE) = −0.07; 90% CI, −0.161 to −0.001. Patients who derive more comfort from religion feel stronger hope and, consequently, lower anxiety. The index of moderated mediation (IMM) was significant when we introduced fear‐guilt as a moderator: IMM = 0.07; 90% CI, 0.001‐0.007. Thus, the effect of religious comfort on anxiety reduction through hope is bigger if the experience of religious fear‐guilt is smaller.

Conclusions

Religion appears to protect against developing anxiety because it enhances hope. However, religious guilt can stop cancer patients from using their religious resources.
The role of protein complexes in human genetic disease
Authors: Bergendahl L. Therese , Gerasimavicius Lukas , Miles Jamilla , Macdonald Lewis , Wells Jonathan N. , Welburn Julie P. I. , Marsh Joseph A.
Published: June 2019

Many human genetic disorders are caused by mutations in protein‐coding regions of DNA. Taking protein structure into account has therefore provided key insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying human genetic disease. Although most studies have focused on the intramolecular effects of mutations, the critical role of the assembly of proteins into complexes is being increasingly recognized. Here, we review multiple ways in which consideration of protein complexes can help us to understand and explain the effects of pathogenic mutations. First, we discuss disorders caused by mutations that perturb intersubunit interactions in homomeric and heteromeric complexes. Second, we address how protein complex assembly can facilitate a dominant‐negative mechanism, whereby mutated subunits can disrupt the activity of wild‐type protein. Third, we show how mutations that change protein expression levels can lead to damaging stoichiometric imbalances. Finally, we review how mutations affecting different subunits of the same heteromeric complex often cause similar diseases, whereas mutations in different interfaces of the same subunit can cause distinct phenotypes.
New approaches to defusing the dementia time bomb
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: June 2019

As the prevalence of dementia in the UK continues to rise, there is a desperate clinical need for new therapies. Many drug candidates that have shown promise in early clinical trials have failed in late‐phase studies, but novel approaches, such as combination therapy and earlier diagnosis and intervention, may offer more hope for the future.
Diagnosis and management of gonorrhoea: a guide for GPs
Authors: Draeger Eleanor
Published: June 2019

With gonorrhoea infection rates at their highest since the 1970s and antibiotic resistance increasing, prompt identification and referral to a GUM clinic for testing and treatment is important. This article discusses the diagnosis of gonorrhoea, current recommended treatment options and the GP's place in management.
Primary care hypertension clinics: tips for pharmacist prescribers
Authors: Girvin Briegeen
Published: June 2019

In the first of our two‐part series on helping pharmacist independent prescribers set up a hypertension clinic in primary care, the author discusses the importance of drawing up a treatment plan and the practicalities of running the clinic.
Variational bias correction of satellite sea‐surface temperature data incorporating observations of the bias
Authors: While James , Martin Matthew J.
Published: June 2019

We describe a variational bias‐correction system for satellite sea‐surface temperature (SST) data that includes the use of “observations‐of‐bias”. The bias‐correction scheme is designed to work in the historical period, when good quality low‐bias reference data were scarce, but can also take advantage of reference data when they are available. In testing with a simple Lorenz 63 model, our new scheme outperformed traditional variational bias correction. When compared with an offline bias‐correction method, the new scheme showed superior performance both when the bias was large and when reference observations were sparse. The bias‐correction scheme has also been tested using a three‐year assimilative run (2008–2010) of the Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean (NEMO) ocean general circulation model, with reference data from the Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) instrument withheld in 2009. In these tests, the new scheme was found to be more robust to missing reference observations than an offline scheme. Against AATSR data, the new bias‐correction method had lower biases and root‐mean‐square (RMS) errors than an offline scheme, but was degraded relative to a pure variational technique. However, in comparisons with drifting buoys, the new scheme outperformed both offline and pure variational methods.
Estimating PAH sources in harbor sediments using diagnostic ratios
Authors: Davis Emily , Walker Tony R. , Adams Michelle , Willis Rob
Published: June 2019

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous in the global environment and are subsequently transported into aquatic sediments. As PAHs are formed by various processes, source identification using diagnostic ratios can provide insight to PAH emission sources to distinguish between pyrogenic and petrogenic PAH sources. PAH diagnostic ratios were applied as a forensic source apportionment technique to assess aggregate historical sediment data from 31 small craft harbors (SCHs) across Nova Scotia, Canada. Multiple diagnostic ratios suggest that PAHs present in Nova Scotia SCH sediments are pyrogenic (combustion) in origin, while consistently suggesting that coal‐related PAH sources are potential dominant specific sources. National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) were used as reference for coal tar, urban dust, and diesel exhaust particulates in ratio applications. The SRM for coal tar was most similar to Nova Scotia SCH sediments in multiple ratio applications. Diagnostic ratio results were corroborated by comparing the PAH profile of sediments to source profiles from the literature. Results indicate that Nova Scotia SCH sediments follow global trends by exhibiting a dominant pyrogenic PAH signature, and the specific coal‐related PAH signature of Nova Scotia SCH sediments may be influenced by contamination inputs related to historical industrial coal mining and combustion activities in the province.
Create a culture of accountability within your department
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: June 2019

If the performance of your staff members doesn't meet your expectations — whether they treat students poorly, fall short of goals, or submit reports late — holding them accountable can lead to better outcomes for you and your department.
An ergonomic approach to sustainable development: The role of information environment and social‐psychological variables in the adoption of agri‐environmental innovations
Authors: Caffaro Federica , Roccato Michele , Micheletti Cremasco Margherita , Cavallo Eugenio
Published: June 2019

Sustainability is defined as meeting the human needs of current as well as future generations. This anthropocentric perspective leads to joint objectives between sustainability and ergonomics. In the present study, we adopted a systems ergonomic approach and, based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, we analyzed the paths by which the information environment can affect farmers' adoption of sustainable measures through the mediation of attitudes, social pressure, and behavioral control. One hundred ninety‐nine Italian farmers completed a questionnaire assessing exposure to impersonal, personal‐formal, and personal‐informal sources of information on the one hand and attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms toward the adoption of two types of sustainable innovations (technological solutions and organizational/managerial practices) on the other. The results showed that attitudes and perceived behavioral control were the dominant determinants of farmers' adoption behavior, and personal‐formal sources of information were positively associated with perceived behavioral control. Possible interventions are discussed for farmers' information environment to promote the adoption of sustainable innovations.
Printable on‐chip micro battery
Authors: Tsukamoto Takashiro , Tanaka Shuji
Published: June 2019

This paper reports an easy‐to‐fabricate micro battery that can be directly printed on a bio‐sensing device such as an immunoreaction‐based disposable complementary metal oxide semiconductor bio‐sensing chip. The printed Mg and AgCl films were used as both cathode and anode materials, while the inspection solution for the bio‐sensing was utilized as an electrolyte, which simplified the structure of the battery. A micro battery fabricated on the printed circuit board, in which each electrode size was 3 × 3 mm2, could generate an open circuit voltage as high as 1.58 V, a maximum power as high as 1.4 mW and a total stored energy as high as 400 mJ. Wireless sensor test platforms self‐powered by the developed on‐chip battery successfully worked in a 0.14 M NaCl solution, and digital data could be successfully transferred using both optical and capacitive coupling methods. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
EFL teachers’ reflective practice, job satisfaction, and school context variables: Exploring possible relationships
Authors: Aliakbari Mohammad , Khany Reza , Adibpour Maryam
Published: June 2019

Concentrating on job satisfaction and five school context variables—teacher autonomy, collegial support, time pressure, student demotivation, and student discipline problems—this study explored the interplay of these variables with reflective teaching and their relative contributions to prediction of teacher reflection. Data were collected from 181 Iranian high school teachers. The results of correlational analysis revealed that all independent variables significantly correlated with teacher reflection. Strong positive relationships were found between job satisfaction, teacher autonomy, and reflective practice. Time pressure, student demotivation, and student discipline problems strongly and negatively correlated with reflective teaching. Moreover, a small positive correlation was found between supportive social climate and reflective practice. The results of multiple regression indicated that, except for supportive social climate, all independent variables made statistically significant contributions to prediction of teacher reflection. Considering the shaping influence of educational policies on correlates of teacher reflection, the findings reflect the necessity of reform in policy makers’ approach. Implying English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers’ ignorance of collaborative dimensions of reflective practice, the results call attention to the importance of preservice and in‐service teacher educational programs and the necessity of effective monitoring systems supervising public school teachers.
Transmission and distribution coordination in power systems with high shares of distributed energy resources providing balancing and congestion management services
Authors: Lind Leandro , Cossent Rafael , Chaves‐Ávila José Pablo , Gómez San Román Tomás
Published: June 2019

This paper presents a literature review on the coordination between transmission and distribution grid operators in power systems, with particular emphasis on the provision of balancing and congestion management services. Firstly, a brief historical background is presented in order to highlight the ongoing changes current power systems are experiencing and that call for greater coordination between transmission system operators (TSO) and distribution system operators (DSO). These include the growth in distributed energy resources (DER), new roles to be adopted by both system operators (SO), and the integration of new agents such as independent aggregators. Next, the paper places its focus on a particular topic which, based on the review presented, is presumably considered as the most relevant issue requiring tighter cooperation mechanisms, that is, the procurement of balancing services from DER by TSOs whilst DSOs procures the same DER flexibility to manage local congestions. Four key elements are identified for this coordination to take place, namely (a) DER flexibility integration, (b) coordination schemes, (c) transmission‐distribution optimization, and (d) data exchange. For each one of them, the paper presents a literature review and identifies the main existing technical, economic, and regulatory barriers. These barriers include, among others, the limitation for small DER flexibility to participate in grid service markets, the challenges for independent aggregators, the technical barriers for optimizing a transmission‐distribution grid, and the lack of maturity in coordination schemes and TSO‐DSO data exchange models.

This article is categorized under:

 Energy Systems Analysis > Systems and Infrastructure

 Energy Systems Economics > Economics and Policy
Activated sludge and other aerobic suspended culture processes
Authors: Ouyang Jia , Li Chunying , Zhang Guocai , Wei Dong , Wei Li , Chang Chein‐Chi
Published: June 2019

The fields in the process model of activated sludge, the characteristics and species of microbial communities, dynamics and mechanism in the process, the influence of different xenobiotics on activated sludge, anaerobic digestion on waste activated sludge, and design and operation for activated sludge are reviewed in 2018. Contrast with the past reviews, several new highlights such as waste activated sludge treatment, antibiotic and heavy‐metal xenobiotic, and pretreatment for anaerobic digestion are mentioned in 2018, which indicated that the research tendency of activated sludge from wastewater treatment to waste sludge treatment in the retrieved literature is developing.

Practitioner points

None.
Development of an experimental database of EUV spectra from highly charged ions of medium to high Z elements in the Large Helical Device plasmas
Authors: Suzuki Chihiro , Murakami Izumi , Koike Fumihiro , Higashiguchi Takeshi , Sakaue Hiroyuki A. , Tamura Naoki , Sudo Shigeru , O'Sullivan Gerry
Published: June 2019

We are developing an experimental database of extreme ultraviolet spectra from highly charged ions using optically thin high‐temperature plasmas produced in the Large Helical Device. Spectra from a variety of elements with atomic numbers ranging from 36 to 83 have been systematically recorded in the range of 1–20 nm by a grazing incidence spectrometer. For higher Z elements from tin onward, discrete or quasicontinuum spectral features from n=4 (N‐shell) ions are mainly observed depending upon the plasma temperature, which leads to some new experimental identifications of spectral lines. On the other hand, major emitters are n=3 (M‐shell) ions for medium Z elements from krypton to ruthenium. The calculated wavelengths for Δn≠0 transitions agree well with the measurements and the calculated wavelengths are systematically shifted to shorter wavelengths for Δn=0 transitions associated with inner‐subshell excited configurations.
Review of applications of self‐excited oscillations to highly sensitive vibrational sensors
Authors: Yabuno Hiroshi
Published: June 2019

Vibrational sensors with resonators are suited for online monitoring because of their fast response and ability to measure instantly and continuously. Also, their miniaturization realizes much higher resolution. In this review, we begin by discussing sensor resolution based on the natural frequency shift of the resonator. For mass and stiffness sensing, the detection method for the natural frequency shift by self‐excited oscillation is characterized comparing with that by external excitation. Self‐excited oscillation automatically compensates for the viscous damping effects of the environment on the resonators, thus ensuring direct and accurate detection of the natural frequency shift. Another application of self‐excited oscillation is to viscometers. Instead of detecting the natural frequency shift, this system detects the critical feedback gain to generate self‐excited oscillation. This is important for measuring very high viscosity, where the peak of the frequency response curve is ambiguous or does not exist, meaning the Q value cannot be estimated from such curves. Another method, introduced for ultra‐sensitive mass sensing, is based on the eigenmode shift in multiple weakly coupled resonators. In this system, the self‐excitation compensates for the viscous damping effects to enable direct detection of the eigenmode shift.
Dark energy and the refined de sitter conjecture
Authors: Agrawal Prateek , Obied Georges
Published: June 2019

Abstract

We revisit the phenomenology of quintessence models in light of the recently refined version of the de Sitter Swampland conjecture, which includes the possibility of unstable de Sitter critical points. We show that models of quintessence can evade previously derived lower bounds on (1 + w), albeit with very finely-tuned initial conditions. In the absence of such tuning or other rolling quintessence fields, a field with mass close to Hubble is required, which has a generic prediction for (1+ w). Slow-roll single field inflation models remain in tension. Other phenomenological constraints arising from the coupling of the quintessence field with the Higgs or the QCD axion are significantly relaxed.
Reporting Quality of Journal Abstracts for Surgical Randomized Controlled Trials Before and After the Implementation of the CONSORT Extension for Abstracts
Authors: Speich Benjamin , Mc Cord Kimberly A. , Agarwal Arnav , Gloy Viktoria , Gryaznov Dmitry , Moffa Giusi , Hopewell Sally , Briel Matthias
Published: June 2019

Background

Adequate reporting is crucial in full‐text publications but even more so in abstracts because they are the most frequently read part of a publication. In 2008, an extension for abstracts of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT‐A) statement was published, defining which items should be reported in abstracts of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Therefore, we compared the adherence of RCT abstracts to CONSORT‐A before and after the publication of CONSORT‐A.

Methods

RCTs published in the five surgical journals with the highest impact factor were identified through PubMed for 2005–2007 and 2014–2016. Adherence to 15 CONSORT‐A items and two additional items for abstracts of non‐pharmacological trials was assessed in duplicate. We compared the overall adherence to CONSORT‐A between the two time periods using an unpaired t test and explored adherence to specific items.

Results

A total of 192 and 164 surgical RCT abstracts were assessed (2005–2007 and 2014–2016, respectively). In the pre‐CONSORT‐A phase, the mean score of adequately reported items was 6.14 (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.90–6.38) and 8.11 in the post‐CONSORT‐A phase (95% CI 7.83–8.39; mean difference 1.97, 95% CI 1.60–2.34; p < 0.0001). The comparison of individual items indicated a significant improvement in 9 of the 15 items. The three least reported items in the post‐CONSORT‐A phase were randomization (2.4%), blinding (13.4%), and funding (0.0%). Specific items for non‐pharmacological trials were rarely reported (approximately 10%).

Conclusion

The reporting in abstracts of surgical RCTs has improved after the implementation of CONSORT‐A. More importantly, there is still ample room for improvement.
Genetic Variation in the Ontario Neurodegenerative Disease Research Initiative
Authors: Dilliott Allison A. , Evans Emily C. , Farhan Sali M.K. , Ghani Mahdi , Sato Christine , Zhang Ming , McIntyre Adam D. , Cao Henian , Racacho Lemuel , Robinson John F. , Strong Michael J. , Masellis Mario , Bulman Dennis E. , Rogaeva Ekaterina , Black Sandra E. , Finger Elizabeth , Frank Andrew , Freedman Morris , Hassan Ayman , Lang Anthony , Shoesmith Christen L. , Swartz Richard H. , Tang-Wai David , Tartaglia Maria Carmela , Turnbull John , Zinman Lorne ,   the ONDRI Investigators, Hegele Robert A.
Published: June 2019

Background/Objective:

Apolipoprotein E (APOE) E4 is the main genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Due to the consistent association, there is interest as to whether E4 influences the risk of other neurodegenerative diseases. Further, there is a constant search for other genetic biomarkers contributing to these phenotypes, such as microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) haplotypes. Here, participants from the Ontario Neurodegenerative Disease Research Initiative were genotyped to investigate whether theAPOEE4 allele orMAPTH1 haplotype are associated with five neurodegenerative diseases: (1) AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), (2) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, (3) frontotemporal dementia (FTD), (4) Parkinson’s disease, and (5) vascular cognitive impairment.

Methods:

Genotypes were defined for their respectiveAPOEallele andMAPThaplotype calls for each participant, and logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the associations with the presentations of neurodegenerative diseases.

Results:

Our work confirmed the association of the E4 allele with a dose-dependent increased presentation of AD, and an association between the E4 allele alone and MCI; however, the other four diseases were not associated with E4. Further, theAPOEE2 allele was associated with decreased presentation of both AD and MCI. No associations were identified betweenMAPThaplotype and the neurodegenerative disease cohorts; but following subtyping of the FTD cohort, the H1 haplotype was significantly associated with progressive supranuclear palsy.

Conclusion:

This is the first study to concurrently analyze the association ofAPOEisoforms andMAPThaplotypes with five neurodegenerative diseases using consistent enrollment criteria and broad phenotypic analysis.
Coherent large-scale structures from the linearized Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Madhusudanan Anagha , Illingworth Simon. J. , Marusic Ivan
Published: June 2019

The wall-normal extent of the large-scale structures modelled by the linearized Navier–Stokes equations subject to stochastic forcing is directly compared to direct numerical simulation (DNS) data. A turbulent channel flow at a friction Reynolds number of $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}=2000$ is considered. We use the two-dimensional (2-D) linear coherence spectrum (LCS) to perform the comparison over a wide range of energy-carrying streamwise and spanwise length scales. The study of the 2-D LCS from DNS indicates the presence of large-scale structures that are coherent over large wall-normal distances and that are self-similar. We find that, with the addition of an eddy viscosity profile, these features of the large-scale structures are captured by the linearized equations, except in the region close to the wall. To further study this coherence, a coherence-based estimation technique, spectral linear stochastic estimation, is used to build linear estimators from the linearized Navier–Stokes equations. The estimator uses the instantaneous streamwise velocity field or the 2-D streamwise energy spectrum at one wall-normal location (obtained from DNS) to predict the same quantity at a different wall-normal location. We find that the addition of an eddy viscosity profile significantly improves the estimation.
Wake structure of laminar flow past a sphere under the influence of a transverse magnetic field
Authors: Pan Jun-Hua , Zhang Nian-Mei , Ni Ming-Jiu
Published: June 2019

The wake structure of an incompressible, conducting, viscous fluid past an electrically insulating sphere affected by a transverse magnetic field is investigated numerically over flow regimes including steady and unsteady laminar flows at Reynolds numbers up to 300. For a steady axisymmetric flow affected by a transverse magnetic field, the wake structure is deemed to be a double plane symmetric state. For a periodic flow, unsteady vortex shedding is first suppressed and transitions to a steady plane symmetric state and then to a double plane symmetric pattern. Wake structures in the range $210<Re\leqslant 300$ without a magnetic field have a symmetry plane. An angle $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$ exists between the orientation of this symmetry plane and the imposed transverse magnetic field. For a given transverse magnetic field, the final wake structure is found to be independent of the initial flow configuration with a different angle $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$. However, the orientation of the symmetry plane tends to be perpendicular to the magnetic field, which implies that the transverse magnetic field can control the orientation of the wake structure of a free-moving sphere and change the direction of its horizontal motion by a field–wake–trajectory control mechanism. An interesting ‘reversion phenomenon’ is found, where the wake structure of the sphere at a higher Reynolds number and a certain magnetic interaction parameter ($N$) corresponds to a lower Reynolds number with a lower $N$ value. Furthermore, the drag coefficient is proportional to $N^{2/3}$ for weak magnetic fields or to $N^{1/2}$ for strong magnetic fields, where the threshold value between these two regimes is approximately $N=4$.
GLOBAL ATTRACTOR FOR WEAKLY DAMPED, FORCED mKdV EQUATION BELOW ENERGY SPACE
Authors: GOYAL PRASHANT
Published: June 2019

We prove the existence of the global attractor in ${\dot{H}}^{s}$, $s>11/12$ for the weakly damped and forced mKdV on the one-dimensional torus. The existence of global attractor below the energy space has not been known, though the global well-posedness below the energy space has been established. We directly apply the $I$-method to the damped and forced mKdV, because the Miura transformation does not work for the mKdV with damping and forcing terms. We need to make a close investigation into the trilinear estimates involving resonant frequencies, which are different from the bilinear estimates corresponding to the KdV.
Endemism in Wyoming plant and insect herbivore communities during the early Eocene hothouse
Authors: Currano Ellen D. , Pinheiro Esther R. S. , Buchwaldt Robert , Clyde William C. , Miller Ian M.
Published: June 2019

The warm, equable, and ice-free early Eocene Epoch permits investigation of ecosystem function and macro-ecological patterns during a very different climate regime than exists today. It also provides insight into what the future may entail, as anthropogenic CO2release drives Earth toward a comparable hothouse condition. Studying plant–insect herbivore food webs during hothouse intervals is warranted, because these account for the majority of nonmicrobial terrestrial biodiversity. Here, we report new plant and insect herbivore damage census data from two floodplain sites in the Wind River Basin of central Wyoming, one in the Aycross Formation (50–48.25 Ma) at the basin edge (WRE) and the second in the Wind River Formation in the interior of the basin (WRI). The WRI site is in stratigraphic proximity to a volcanic ash that is newly dated to 52.416 ± 0.016/0.028/0.063 (2σ). We compare the Wind River Basin assemblages to published data from a 52.65 Ma floodplain flora in the neighboring Bighorn (BH) Basin and find that only 5.6% of plant taxa occur at all three sites and approximately 10% occur in both basins. The dissimilar floras support distinct suites of insect herbivores, as recorded by leaf damage. The relatively low-diversity BH flora has the highest diversity of insect damage, contrary to hypotheses that insect herbivore diversity tracks floral diversity. The distinctiveness of the WRE flora is likely due to its younger age and cooler reconstructed paleotemperature, but these factors are nearly identical for the WRI and BH floras. Site-specific microenvironmental factors that cannot be measured easily in deep time may account for these differences. Alternatively, the Owl Creek Mountains between the two basins may have provided a formidable barrier to the thermophilic organisms that inhabited the basin interiors, supporting Janzen's hypothesis that mountain passes appear higher in tropical environments.
Modelling the economic impacts of a large event
Authors: Pham Tien , Becken Susanne , Powell Michael
Published: June 2019

This article consolidates the pros and cons of the two common modelling techniques for economic impact analysis: the input–output multiplier and the computable general equilibrium (CGE) technique. The latter is recommended for large event assessment and was used to examine the economic impacts of the Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games. The Games is estimated to have generated approximately A$2.5 billion of gross state product (GSP) to Queensland after netting out the costs incurred. The effect is spread over a period of nine years from pre-Games period of preparation for the Games, through the Games period itself, and then rather significantly in the post-Games period. While benefits accrue to Queensland, the rest of Australia is estimated to lose due to the so-called ‘crowding out effect’.
The trouble with trilobites: classification, phylogeny and the cryptogenesis problem
Authors: Paterson John R.
Published: June 2019

Trilobites are an iconic group of extinct arthropods that lived in Palaeozoic oceans forc. 270 Ma, before their demise at the end of the Permian Period. Despite their considerable diversity (> 22 000 species) and abundance, particularly in Cambrian and Ordovician rocks, as well as intensive study for well over 200 years, trilobite systematics remains in a state of flux. In this contribution, the complex history of trilobite classification over the last century is briefly reviewed, including the seminal scheme published by Henry Swinnerton in 1915. The cryptogenesis problem, which relates to the supposedly obscure phylogenetic links between major post-Cambrian trilobite clades and their Cambrian sister taxa, is also discussed. Previous studies have suggested that the cryptogenesis problem is largely a taxonomic artefact, but the Cambrian origins of some post-Cambrian groups, such as the orders Proetida and Odontopleurida, are still unclear. Future directions for research on trilobite systematics are outlined, from taxonomic studies involving comprehensive documentation and extensive illustration of morphology at the species level, through to broad-scale phylogenetic analyses that initiate or test hypotheses about relationships across the major groups. Other ongoing issues to be addressed include identifying the sister group of Trilobita, and determining whether certain taxa, such as the suborder Agnostina and Cambrian family Burlingiidae, represent trilobites.
Use of fresh water by an estuarine-resident marine catfish: evidence from gonadal and otolith chemistry analyses
Authors: Condini Mario V. , Pereyra Paula E. R. , Garcia Alexandre M. , Saint'pierre Tatiana D. , Ceni Gianfranco , Lugo Rafael , Fontoura Nelson F. , Vieira João P. , Albuquerque Cristiano Q.
Published: June 2019

In this study, we examine how the Guri catfish Genidens genidens uses estuarine and freshwater habitats along the largest South American coastal lagoon, through the chemical analysis of otoliths and microscopic analysis of gonads. Chemical composition (Sr:Ca) of otolith edges allowed distinguishing between individuals who used the estuarine or freshwater compartments of the lagoon. The analysis of core-to-edge chemical profiles of each individual otolith revealed that the population may present two different patterns of habitat use along the lagoon. The ‘type 1’ pattern (89.5%) includes fish who appear to have been born in estuarine waters, whereas ‘type 2’ (9.5%) includes those fish born in fresh water. Nevertheless, juveniles from both patterns appear to migrate to estuarine waters. The gonad analysis shows G. genidens may reproduce in fresh water, as nearly 57% of all sampled fish were found to spawn in the freshwater portion of the lagoon. Also, the otolith core of many adult fish presented freshwater signatures, thus suggesting consistent fresh water use during early life. Our findings based on otolith and gonadal analyses challenge the previous classification of G. genidens as an estuarine resident. Rather, our results allow the suggestion that this species should be placed in the ‘estuarine and fresh water’ guild, which includes both fish completing their life cycles within the estuary and fish who consistently use freshwater habitats.
Existential Conservatism
Authors: McPherson David
Published: June 2019

This essay articulates a kind of conservatism that it argues is the most fundamental and important kind of conservatism, viz. existential conservatism, which involves an affirmative and appreciative stance towards the given world. While this form of conservatism can be connected to political conservatism, as seen with Roger Scruton, it need not be, as seen with G. A. Cohen. It is argued that existential conservatism should be embraced whether or not one embraces political conservatism, though it is also shown that existential conservatism imposes constraints on our political thinking. In particular, it is argued that Cohen's ‘luck egalitarianism’ stands at odds with his existential conservatism and that one should be a sufficientarian rather than an egalitarian with regard to economic justice.
Characteristics of persons who die on their first suicide attempt: results from the National Violent Death Reporting System
Authors: Jordan Joshua T. , McNiel Dale E.
Published: June 2019

Background

Much of suicide research focuses on suicide attempt (SA) survivors. Given that more than half of the suicide decedent population dies on their first attempt, this means a significant proportion of the population that dies by suicide is overlooked in research. Little is known about persons who die by suicide on their first attempt–and characterizing this understudied population may improve efforts to identify more individuals at risk for suicide.

Methods

Data were derived from the National Violent Death Reporting System, from 2005 to 2013. Suicide cases were included if they were 18–89 years old, with a known circumstance leading to their death based on law enforcement and/or medical examiner reports. Decedents with and without a history of SA were compared on demographic, clinical, and suicide characteristics, and circumstances that contributed to their suicide.

Results

A total of 73 490 cases met criteria, and 57 920 (79%) died on their first SA. First attempt decedents were more likely to be male, married, African-American, and over 64. Demographic-adjusted models showed that first attempt decedents were more likely to use highly lethal methods, less likely to have a known mental health problem or to have disclosed their intent to others, and more likely to die in the context of physical health or criminal/legal problem.

Conclusions

First attempt suicide decedents are demographically different from decedents with a history of SA, are more likely to use lethal methods and are more likely to die in the context of specific stressful life circumstances.
Stability and change at Çadır Höyük in central Anatolia: a case of Late Chalcolithic globalisation?
Authors: Steadman Sharon R. , McMahon Gregory , Arbuckle Benjamin S. , von Baeyer Madelynn , Smith Alexia , Yıldırım Burcu , Hackley Laurel D. , Selover Stephanie , Spagni Stefano
Published: June 2019

Scholars have recently investigated the efficacy of applying globalisation models to ancient cultures such as the fourth-millennium BC Mesopotamian Uruk system. Embedded within globalisation models is the ‘complex connectivity‘ that brings disparate regions together into a singular world. In the fourth millennium BC, the site of Çadır Höyük on the north-central Anatolian plateau experienced dramatic changes in its material culture and architectural assemblages, which in turn reflect new socio-economic, sociopolitical and ritual patterns at this rural agro-pastoral settlement. This study examines the complex connectivities of the ancient Uruk system, encompassing settlements in more consistent contact with the Uruk system such as Arslantepe in southeastern Anatolia, and how these may have fostered exchange networks that reached far beyond the Uruk ‘global world‘ and onto the Anatolian plateau.
An insight into Old Hittite metallurgy: alloying practices at Hüseyindede (Çorum, Turkey)
Authors: Dardeniz Gonca , Sipahi İ. Tunç , Yıldırım Tayfun
Published: June 2019

This paper presents archaeological and analytical data on metal artefacts from Hüseyindede (Çorum, Turkey), dated to the Old Hittite period (ca 16th century BC). Hüseyindede, which is set in a rural landscape, demonstrates continuity in alloying traditions from the Early Bronze Age III (ca 26th/25th–22nd/21st century BC) and the Assyrian Trading Colonies period (20th–18th century BC) to the emergence of the Hittites. In addition to known alloying practices of the period, the site presents, for the first time, evidence of the existence of copper-nickel alloys, namely cupronickels, which so far have been documented only at the Late Bronze Age capital of the Hittites, Boğazköy/Hattuša. The Hüseyindede cupronickel objects now pinpoint the presence of this technology to regions spreading out from the Halys basin from the Old Kingdom Hittite period.
The impact of wealth and income on the depression of older adults across European welfare regimes
Authors: Kourouklis Dimitrios , Verropoulou Georgia , Tsimbos Cleon
Published: June 2019

This paper examines the impact of wealth and income on the likelihood of depression among persons aged 50 or higher in four European regions characterised by differences in the standards of living and welfare systems. To address possible effects, data from Wave 6 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) have been used. Based on a sample of 60,864 persons resident in 16 European countries and a binary indicator of depression, probit and instrumental variable probit models were employed, the latter of which deal with issues of endogeneity and omitted variable bias. The findings show differences in the prevalence of depression across Europe, favouring the more affluent North/Western countries. Further, there is a difference in the role and the magnitude of the effect of income and wealth across different regions. First, though both measures exhibit a measurable effect, their impact is greater in the poorer Central/Eastern and Southern regions; this divide is more pronounced for wealth. Second, income seems to have a stronger effect compared to wealth in all instances: hence, it would seem that liquidity is more important among Europeans aged 50 or higher than assets. Nevertheless, neither income nor wealth are important among persons aged 65 or higher in Nordic countries which may be partly attributable to a more equitable welfare system.