bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Game interruptions as a significant factor for scoring goals in a football match
Authors: Lilić Ana , Ilić Predrag , Prvulović Nikola , Hadžović Miljan , Ugrinić Bojan , Petković Emilija
Published: November 2021

The aim of this review paper is to determine the significance of game interruptions for scoring a goal during a football match by providing a detailed analysis of the relevant literature. The collection of compiled research articles covered the period between 2000 and 2018. The following electronic databases were used to search the relevant literature: PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, EBSCO, all referring to the period from 2000 to 2018. The search included both male and female players of different age categories. Scientific papers that were excluded from this analysis are the ones written in another language, those presenting results from the training sessions, but not from the competition matches, and the papers which did not analyze game interruptions. The results show statistically significant correlation between game interruptions and scoring a goal. The most goals were scored from free kicks, followed by corner kicks. About 30% of the goals from different competitions and games were achieved after a set play. The factors that have the highest effect on scoring goals after a set play are the number of players in the wall, a distance from the goal and the number of players in the field between the goalkeeper and the position of the free kick. The data showed little or no differences, expressed in percentages, in terms of correlation between male and female players, including both senior and junior categories. Game interruptions have a significant impact on scoring a goal. They are part of the standard game situation and as such they require special attention during analysis.
Injuries in women’s football: A systematic review of the research
Authors: Stanković Mima
Published: November 2021

Women’s football is striving to become the most popular women’s team sport, as is the case with men’s football. Women’s football in the Republic of Serbia is practically in its initial stages, although lately there has been a greater interest among young girls for this sport. The most frequent injuries in women’s football, as well as in men’s, are injuries to the lower extremities (65%), the most frequent of which are knee and ankle injuries (Junge, & Dvorak, 2007). In this overview 14 papers were analysed, written between 2000 and 2018. According to the current research, we could conclude that injuries in women’s football most frequently appear in the region of the lower extremities, especially to the knees and ankles. In case of the knee injury, it usually comes in the form of a rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament. Most injuries occur during training, and are non-contact injuries. When it comes to the timeline, injuries are most frequent at the beginning and the end of the season. At the beginning, injuries occur since players are inactive in the transition period, and at the end due to inadequate planning and programming of the training process and insufficient shape. Players who are technically better trained and have greater possession of the ball during the game are more susceptible to injuries than other players. It is very important that the training process is carried out adequately and professionally by the coaches and sports professionals. Programs designed for the prevention of injuries decrease the number of injuries, but cannot fully prevent the possibility of an injury.
The analysis of the market position and marketing potentials of crossfit
Authors: Perić Nenad
Published: November 2021

CrossFit is recognized as one of the fastest growing training programs in the World. Due to its width of scope and essentially simple applicability, it has registered a large number of practitioners and clubs practicing it worldwide in the last ten years. Its simple and understandable concept has made it possible to create a large social capital - a large number of practitioners, instructors and clubs, which are also a part of the program promotion (word-of-mouth). In addition to becoming a category in itself, CrossFit has grown into a distinct culture, and the foundations of this program are its functionality and people’s need to exercise and live a healthy life. Due to the number of people practicing this program, the 5-digit number of CrossFit clubs worldwide and its large and continuous media presence, it can be said that CrossFit has become a constantly evolving global sports movement with a huge marketing potential. CrossFit is one of the best examples that simple things and ideas are usually the most effective in any branch, including the sports industry.
Motor abilities and morphological characteristics of competitive boxers and recreational boxers
Authors: Stanković Ognjen , Grubješić Miloš
Published: November 2021

When it comes to a sport such as boxing, motor abilities are often in significant correlation with the morphological status of a competitive or recreational boxer. All the factors that affect the result of motor abilities in boxing are directed, in great deal, towards morphological status (with an aspiration to achieve an ideal boxing category in case of competitive boxers). The main aim of this research was to examine the differences in the motor abilities and morphological characteristics between competitive boxers and recreational boxers. The sample of respondents consisted of 10 senior boxers from the BC ‘Crvena Zvezda‘. The assessment of motor abilities of competitive boxers and recreational boxers was made using five tests from the Eurofit battery of tests and with one test for coordination assessment. Data were processed by means of descriptive statistical analysis, as well as the Mann Whitney U test which was used to test the difference of group respondents on the level of statistical significance p<0.05. The results of this research showed that competitive boxers achieved significantly better results on three out of six tests for the assessment of motor abilities. When it comes to morphological characteristics of competitive boxers and recreational boxers, there were no significant differences. The results of the research show that more intense boxing training contributes to better manifestation of certain motor skills.
Correlation between results of explosive strength and speed tests in young football players
Authors: Bubnjević Petar , Vukićević Veljko , Lukić Nikola , Miličković Velimir
Published: November 2021

The subject of this research are the motor skills of children of preschool, younger school and middle school age who train football. The aim of the study was to establish the level of correlation of the observed tests in different age categories, as well as the influence of morphological characteristics on motor test results in subjects of different age. To assess morphological characteristics: body height and body weight, and three variables - foot tapping for 15 seconds, standing long jump and 30m sprint tests were used. The study involved transversal research conducted on a sample of 40 boys of preschool, younger school and middle school age (6-13 years old), who actively played football in the "Jedinstvo" school of football from Gospodjinci. The training experience of the respondents ranges from 6 months to 5 years. The obtained results indicate that there is no statistically significant correlation between explosive strength and speed tests in preschool age, while in younger school age the statistical correlation is significant, and in middle school age the correlation is the greatest. The obtained results confirmed that the level of connection between motor tests changes depending on the age of the examinees. Body height and body weight were found to have a statistically significant effect on the results of the long jump and 30m sprint tests only in middle school age. This type of statistically significant influence of body height and body weight on the results of motor tests was not observed in preschool and younger school age.
Differences in motor abilities between competitive and recreational karate practitioners at adolescent age
Authors: Grubješić Miloš , Stanković Ognjen
Published: November 2021

Motor skills as a characteristics involved in solving motor tasks are not equally developed in every individual, whether he or she is an athlete, recreational athlete or is not engaged in physical activity. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in motor skills of adolescents engaged in karate, but at different volume and intensity. The sample consisted of 30 karate practitioners aged 14 and 15, divided into two groups of 15 players. A battery of seven tests was used to assess their motor skills. In statistical data processing, descriptive statistical analysis and the Mann Whitney U test were applied to determine the difference between groups at the level of statistical significance p <0.05. Research has shown that competitive karate practitioners performed better in the tests of explosiveness, repetitive power, endurance, speed and agility. Statistically significant differences in these tests were expected as competitors dedicated more time to training strength, explosiveness and endurance. There were no statistically significant differences in the tests of flexibility and balance, which was partially expected because of the nature of the sport the respondents are engaged in.
Role of football scouts in player transformation process: From talented to elite athlete
Authors: Lazarević Snežana , Lukić Jelena , Mirković Vladimir
Published: November 2021

Revenues generated by football clubs belonging to one of the socalled "The Big Five" leagues (England, Germany, Spain, Italy and France) give a strong argument by claiming that modern football has become a very organized, but also profitable business. In the football clubs of the mentioned European countries, the most famous players of today are "super heroes" and they are the reason why massive numbers of football fans visit football stadiums. All players, who today identify themselves as elite athletes, were at the beginning of their sports careers merely talented individuals with more or less pronounced psycho-physical predispositions for playing sports. This paper will present the basic characteristics of the profession of professional scouts as one of the key persons in recognizing talents and their transformation into top athletes. Also, the paper emphasizes the necessary skills that these sports experts should possess, but also points out the importance of decisionmaking in terms of often difficult and complicated decisions in the process of identifying talented individuals in sports.
Importance of digital marketing in major sports events: On example of 2019 FIBA World Cup and AMG platform
Authors: Markov-Čikić Ivana , Veselinović Slaviša
Published: November 2021

Using the example of a major basketball sporting event such as the 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup, we can clearly see how sport, as a particularly dynamic social field, has found its foothold in online media such as Adria Media Group platforms thanks to companies like Roda, which have become a part of the experience of major sports competitions, thus establishing a special relationship with consumers. The Roda commercial was present for over 16 days, 768 hours, or 3,987,456,000 seconds, a figure that is unimaginable on classic media such as nation-wide TV channels. In addition to the quantitative benefit mentioned above, it is important to note that the relations with Roda consumers, namely 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup audience and AMG internet media audience have improved qualitatively because in the virtual market consumers become creators of the offer and from the very beginning direct the features of what they will buy.
Differences in bilateral coordination between boys and girls at 7 years of age
Authors: Katanić Borko , Ilić Predrag , Stojmenović Aleksandar , Kostić Lora , Vitasović Manja
Published: November 2021

The study was conducted to identify differences in bilateral coordination between boys and girls in the first grade of primary school. The sample consisted of 30 first grade students, at the age of 7 years ± 6 months. The children were divided into two groups consisting of boys (14) and girls (16). The level of the children’s bilateral coordination was assessed using the Bilateral Coordination (7 variables) subtests that are part of the BOT-2 - the Bruininks-Oseretsky Motor Proficiency Test Battery. The tests are used as a standardized measure of the level of motor skills in children. The obtained data was processed in the SPSS 19 statistical programme, and the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine differences in bilateral coordination. After processing the data, it was noted that there are differences in bilateral coordination between boys and girls, but that they were not statistically significant. For more reliable results and, therefore, more conclusive results and conclusions, it is necessary to perform tests on a larger sample of children.
Factors of influence on performance of countermovement jump
Authors: Klisarić Dragan , Matić Milan
Published: November 2021

Countermovement jump is an exercise that develops leg muscle power, the efficiency of using the stretch-shortening cycle, and the jump height. Numerous factors influence countermovement jump height. This paper analyses the most important external and internal factors. The aim of this paper was to describe and explain the influence of external factors on countermovement jump height. A comparative analytical method is used to compare and comment on the results of scientific research. The following external factors are considered in this paper: type of training, performance technique, and instructions, and internal factors: age, sex, body composition. The results of the paper showed that among external factors, the greatest influence is noted in the performance technique factor, while among internal factors there is a contingent influence of age, sex, and body composition factors on countermovement jump height. The results of the paper contribute to the understanding of the nature of the influence of external and internal factors that affect countermovement jump height, which can improve scientific - professional work in sports.
Notational analysis of UEFA Europa League match Malmö FF - Chelsea FC
Authors: Lazarević Predrag , Milosavljević Srđan , Petrović Slavko
Published: November 2021

The purpose of using notation analysis is to collect as much data as possible regarding the abilities and characteristics of individual players, as well as the entire team. Using the collected database, coaches can make objective decisions about the way individual players and the entire team play. The paper analyzes a match between FF Malmӧ and FC Chelsea, played in the UEFA Europa League round of 32. The overall score was 1:2 for Chelsea. A notational scouting analysis was conducted using a programme called Pinnacle Studio 15. Offensive actions were analyzed, from the moment the team came into possession of the ball. Player activities were recorded by means of the notational system. A total of 30 elements of offensive tactics were monitored. The possession of the ball (66/34), the total and the totally correct significantly higher number of passes (781/321; 741/265), the shot on goal inside the penalty area (4/1) and the higher percentage of successful dribbles in the game 1:1 (68, 75/50) can be singled out as significant factors in the end result in favor of FC Chelsea. All that has been analyzed indicates the way FF Malmö plays, as well as the way in which one should stand against such a play, which is the primary goal and reason for conducting the notational analysis.
Elements of aikido applicable in self-defense
Authors: Milosavljević Srđan , Ivanovski Aleksandar , Lazarević Predrag , Živković Lazar
Published: November 2021

This paper points to the potential implementation of certain elements of aikido, especially levers, in self-defence. The specifics of certain elements of aikido enable their implementation in self-defence. Proper execution of aikido elements in technical terms is an important prerequisite for their effectiveness in self-defence. Good mastering when it comes to performing individual aikido elements, is necessary in order for them to be qualitatively connected into a meaningful whole, that is, a combination that will represent an adequate response in a particular problem situation. For that reason, insisting on the best possible execution of each individual element of aikido certainly leads to an increase in the chance for its efficient and purposeful implementation in self-defence.
Causes of improper body posture in children and possibility of prevention
Authors: Dedaj Marta
Published: November 2021

The modern way of life, which is characterized by insufficient movement, most often leads to poor posture. Children and young people exercise less and less and spend more and more time in passive sitting and lying positions. Such habits take them away from their natural needs for movement (hypokinesis) and significantly reduce most of their physical and functional abilities. The question is why do so many children sit with such poor posture? Habit is one of the main reasons, but not the only factor of poor posture when sitting. The article especially discusses the environment factors that may indicate the causes of improper posture, and occur during school: several hours of sitting in school desks, a large number of classes, short breaks, dysfunctional and inadequate classroom furniture, insufficient lighting of the work surface, heavy school bags and improper way of carrying one. Due to the influence of various factors: family, preschools, schools, and others in the formation of proper posture, it is necessary to create a system of preventative measures from an early age, which includes educating children. Prevention not only affects school success but also changes the attitude towards oneself, peers, and other people, which contributes to the development of positive traits and characteristics of the person and their successful socialization.
Research on water-air plasma cutting process of carbon steel
Authors: Han Shanguo , Cai Detao , Luo Ziyi , Yi Yaoyong
Published: November 2021

The principle and equipment of water-air plasma cutting has been introduced in this paper. Especially, the function of water is not only to prevent the cutting pool from oxidizing in the form of a water curtain, but also to generate plasma in the center of arc. The Numerical Model of Low temperature Plasma has been eatablished with equation of energy, status, motion and chemical dynamic equation. Working process, mechanical properties and micro-structural features of 20 mm carbon steel processed by water-air plasma cutting and air plasma have been investigated, which choose the same parameters. The voice of plasma arc and dust of pool are being limited in the area of water curtain, so that the noise and dust of water air plasma cutting can be compared favorably with under-water plasma cutting. Lower temperature of water-air cutting plates is due to the fluent water taking off energy of metal pool during cutting. It is impossible to find oxide layer on the incisions surface of water-air plasma cutting, and the heat affected zone is so thin that welding can be carried out directly after cutting without any else process. So inclusion also can be avoided in the weld. But for air plasma cutting, lot of time is waste to remove oxide layer by mechanical polishing before welding. With the help of addition plasma arising from water, the water-air plasma arc becomes stronger, so smooth and high flatness cutting surface can be acquired. Compared with the technology of air plasma cutting, water-air plasma cutting has benefits of friendly working environment, higher quality incision and lower cost.
Residual stress management: Recent advances in engineering methods for non-destructive measurement and beneficial redistribution of residual stresses
Authors: Kleiman Jacob
Published: November 2021

Welding is used widely in the automotive industry for joining a variety of structural components and parts. Of paramount importance in these structures are their engineering properties, such as fatigue life, distortions, dimensional stability and corrosion resistance that can be affected considerably by the presence of residual stresses (RS). The knowledge of RS and the ability to control their distribution in welded structures is critical when evaluating their fatigue life and preventing catastrophic failures. An engineering concept of residual stress management (RSM) has been developed that addresses all aspects of residual stresses in structural elements. RSM includes three major stages in stress management, i.e. RS determination, RS analysis and RS redistribution. Using this approach, stresses in structures and materials can be evaluated in each specific case either theoretically or experimentally and the performance and fatigue behavior of such structures optimized. This paper is built as an overview of the RSM concept and its application in the fields of non-destructive measurement of residual and applied stresses and in treatment of structures with residual stresses to achieve better performance and longer fatigue life. All three stages of the RSM concept will be discussed and for each of the stages practical engineering approach examples will be given. An example of a project in which the residual stress distribution in a filet welded joint was measured, analyzed and changed by post-weld treatment will be presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the RSM approach. The advancements in the modern tools used in this project for non-destructive measurement of residual stresses using an ultrasonic computerized complex for residual stress measurement and the ultrasonic peening for redistribution of the residual stresses that allowed improving the quality of the welds and increasing their fatigue life will also be presented.
The right of nations to self-determination as the fundamental principle of Soviet federalism
Authors: Biyushkina Nadezhda Iosifovna
Published: November 2021

The subject of this research is the process of establishment and development of the right of nations to self-determination as the fundamental principle of Soviet federalism. The author carefully examines the origin and evolution of the idea of the right of nations to self-determination within the environment of the revolutionary social democracy; the concept, characteristics and principles of the right of nations to self-determination; the normative unification of the right of nations to self-determination with the federal principle of government system in the Soviet constitutions; variations of exercising this right within the framework of socialist federal state. Special attention is given to the evolution of the right of nations to self-determination and the transformation of its goals at different stages of the development of Soviet State. The novelty of this research consists in formulation of the original definition of the right of nations to self-determination in the context of phenomenology of the Soviet federalism. The key characteristics of this right are outlined: 1) suggests multivariance of implementation; 2) drags on time depending on the socioeconomic and political-legal development of the nation; 3) implies adequacy of implementation to the level of collective national sociocultural and political self-identity, etc. The principles of the right in question are determined : 1) priority of actual self-determination in relation to legal formalization if the latter is mandatory; 2) definiteness of the right of nations to self-determination via national declaration of will with regards to legitimation by the positivistic attitudes of the state; 3) evolution in chronological perspective from the national legal nature towards international legal level, etc. The author derives the criteria and classifies the right of nations to self-determination based on them. Description is given to the peculiarities of regulation and implementation of the right of nations to self-determination in accordance with the development stages of the Soviet Federation The author's special contribution lies in the establishment of dialectical link between the formational and civilizational approaches towards comprehension of the essence of the right of nations to self-determination through the prism of the European and Russian social democracy.
Constitutional versions of articulation of the freedom of speech in the constitutions of the countries of South America
Authors: Gelunenko Valeriya Vadimovna , Bezuglya Anna Arturovna
Published: November 2021

  This article analyzes the constitutions of South American countries for determining the constitutional formats of guaranteeing the freedom of expression. The goal of this research lies in systematization of the variants of constitutional articulation of the freedom of speech, determination of the constitutional approaches towards formalization of the freedom of speech and the “watershed” between them. Research methodology leans on the general scientific techniques and methods of scientific cognition: formal-legal, linguistic-legal and comparative-legal methods for examining the constitutional texts of South American countries, regulation and articulation of the conceptual versions of the freedom of expression reflected therein. The scientific novelty is defined by the absence within the constitutional-legal science of comprehensive research on articulation of the freedom of speech in the constitutions of the countries of South America. The main conclusions are as follows: the examined constitutional texts contain provisions that have grounds to be interpreted in relation to the freedom of speech; most common constitutional versions imply the freedom of expression of idea, the freedom of thought and opinion, and the freedom of opinion. It is determined that the freedom of expression of ideas, thoughts, and opinions in the constitutional texts is articulated equally through both, right and freedom. The authors also indicate the “watershed” between thought, opinion, and idea.  
Comparison of Central Corneal Thickness and Endothelial Cell Density in Patients with Various Types of Glaucoma and Patients without Glaucoma: A Case-control Study
Authors: Chawla Khushboo , Gadaginamath Shailesh , Shah Ashish Kumar
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Corneal affection in glaucoma patients is very high due to various risk factors that may lead to unforeseen and unplanned deleterious effects on the cornea leading to vision loss. Accurate intraocular pressure determination requires corneal thickness measurement and uncontrolled intraocular pressures, use of long term medication, intra ocular surgeries including cataract and glaucoma shunt surgeries may cause significant endothelial loss. Therefore, adequate planning and management and follow-up in these patients is required weighing all the long term consequences and emphasis the need for implementing adequate precautions. Aim: To evaluate and compare the Central Corneal Thickness (CCT) and corneal Endothelial Cell Density (ECD) in patients with glaucoma and without glaucoma by specular microscopy. Materials and Methods: A case-control study conducted in a Shekar Eye Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, was conducted from August 2016 till April 2018 on a total 182 eyes from 182 patients were evaluated comprising of 91 cases and 91 controls. All participants underwent a detailed ophthalmological examination including slit lamp biomicroscopy, Intraocular Pressure (IOP) measurement, and CCT and ECD measurement by Tomey EM 3000 noncontact specular microscopy. The Statistical analysis was completes using Statistical Package For the Social Sciences (SPSS) 18.0 and R environment version 3.2.2 software’s. Results: The CCT of the glaucoma patients and the controls showed no significant difference (p-value=0.172). The CCT was comparatively thicker in Ocular Hypertension (OHTN) patients and thinner in Normal Tension Glaucoma (NTG) however statistical significance was not established. The mean ECD of controls was 2509.05±298.48 (cells/mm3) and that of cases was 2465.68±392.91 (cells/mm3) (p-value=0.404). The difference in the ECD amongst the glaucoma subgroups was not statistically significant (p-value=0.588). However, a lower ECD were seen in Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma (PXG) and Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma (PACG) subgroups. Conclusion: No significant difference was found in CCT and endothelial cell in cornea of patients with and without glaucoma. Normal Tension Glaucoma (NTG) patients have comparatively thinner corneas and OHTN patients had thicker corneas. There was no significant correlation established between ECD of Normal corneal vs. Glaucoma and its subgroups.
FORMULATE AND EVALUATE THE ORAL DISPERSIBLE TABLET OF ANTIDIABETIC DRUG TENELIGLIPTIN
Authors: Maurya Arpana , Gupta Dilip kumar , Varshaney Munendra Mohan
Published: November 2021

Orodispersible tablets (ODTs) are novel drug delivery systems that have the potential to significantly affect conventional dosage forms in terms of patient compliance, convenience, bioavailability, and time to action. Despite the fact that significant research has gone into developing ODT formulations and technologies, in order to produce newer, more expense technologies and better items, more research is needed in these major destinations. Because of the availability of new technologies, as well as good market acceptance and patient compliance, the potential of dosage forms is attractive. Pharmaceutical companies can use ODTs for new product lines or first-to-market products, which is a factor in technology. With the continuing development of new pharmaceutical excipients, more unique ODT technologies are likely to occur soon. Method -For the orodispersible tablet optimized formulation, a direct compression method was used. Result: The pure dosage calibration curve was created by dissolving the medication in ethanol and measuring the absorbance with a UV spectrophotometer set at 243.5 nm. The value of the slope was 1.025. Light microscopy was used to predict the size of teneligliptin particles. The average length and breadth of drug particles were 2.10 µm and 1.14µm. In-vitro drug release study profile of formulation demonstrated around 71 % of the drug diffused in 60 min., while the formulation 85 % of the rug release in 60 min.
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER FROM R & D TO PRODUCTION AND ITS DOCUMENTATION IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY: A REVIEW
Authors: Manikandan V , Kathiresan K
Published: November 2021

Technology transfer plays a milestone in the pharmaceutical industry during the citation of drug discovery to drug product development. Technology transfer technique transferred from Research & Development (R&D) department to production department through the process of the research phase, development phase, and production phase for further product commercialization. This study was an attempt to discuss the reasons and importance of technology transfer, processing steps for technology transfer, and its documentation report. Establishing confirmation technique for all kinds of documentation and will be inspected and accepted by quality assurance department before the technologies reaches the production department. Hence, the proposed transferring technique will help to develop the product through the processes mentioned in the documentation report.
PRACTICAL UTILITY OF SAMSARJANA KRAMA: A REVIEW
Authors: PR Anjaly , HS Madhushree , Puttur Ganesh
Published: November 2021

The Shodhana procedures are mainly divided into three phases known as Trividha Karma. Acharya Dalhana has clarified Trividha Karma in the context of Shodhana as Poorva Karma, Pradhana Karma and Paschat Karma. Samsarjana Krama is a special diet pattern which is followed as Paschat Karma after Samshodhana. After Samshodhana Karma the Atura Shareera will have reduced tolerance owing to the elimination of large quantities of Dosha and Mala from the body, leading to weakness and reduction in digestive fire. This can be corrected only by following proper Samsarjana Krama with respect to the Shuddhi attained by the Atura. Acharyas detailed the Samsarjana Krama for two Annakala with respect to the ancient time period in contrast to the present scenario, where we are following three Annakala. To get a successful result from the treatment the patient should follow all the 3 stages properly. Hence, here an attempt is made to modify the Samsarjana Krama chart for the present era with respect to classical information given by the Acharyas.
Chemical and Microbial Analysis of Bedding Material (Wood Shavings) Treated with Graded Levels of Aluminium Sulphate (Alum)
Authors: Usman A. A. , Olugbemi T. S. , Omage J. J. , Aljameel K. M.
Published: November 2021

The study was carried out at the poultry unit of the Department of Animal Science teaching and research farm, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria to determine the chemical and microbial analysis of poultry litter (wood shavings) treated with graded levels of alum. The alum used was obtained from the Sabon-gari market in Zaria, Kaduna State. The rates of alum application (prior to keeping the birds) was as follows: T1 control (normal wood shavings with no alum), T2 (5% alum by kg weight of wood shavings), T3 (10% alum by kg weight of wood shavings) and T4 (15% alum by kg weight of wood shavings). Five sets of litter samples were obtained fortnightly from each pen from different locations i.e. the four corners and center from which the microbial load, pH, total nitrogen (N), soluble reactive phosphorus, VFA and NH4+ concentration were measured. The result shows significantly (P<0.05) lower pH value in all the alum treated wood shavings groups (5%, 10% and 15% alum treated wood shavings) compared to the control. The result showed that significantly (P<0.05) lower total volatile fatty acid level was obtained in all the alum treated wood shavings groups (5%, 10% and 15% alum treated wood shavings) compared to the control untreated wood shaving group. The results showed a decrease in total bacteria, E. coli and Salmonella spp. load in alum treated wood shavings groups (5%, 10% and 15% alum treated wood shavings) compared to the control, while mould and yeast load was increased in all the alum treated wood shavings groups (5%, 10% and 15% alum treated wood shavings) compared to the control. The study conclude that treating wood shavings with alum can reduce microbial load of the litter, hence improve health and reduce mortality. Treating wood shavings with alum tends reduce the microbial load of the litter.
Association of Characters for Higher Tuber Yield of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Genotypes Grown in Eastern Plains of Nepal
Authors: Chapagain Tika Ram , Timilsina Amit Prasad , Thakur Manish Kumar , Dahal Kumar Mani , Subedi Giridhari
Published: November 2021

An experiment was conducted to study characters associated with higher yield potential of potato genotypes at the Directorate of Agricultural Research, Tarahara, Nepal during two consecutive winter seasons of 2018 and 2019. A total of eleven potato genotypes (CIP 394600.52, CIP 396012.266, CIP 393371.159, PRP 266265.15, CIP 395443.103, CIP 393371.164, PRP 336769.1, PRP 136368.9, PRP 25861.11, CIP 377957.5 and PRP 225861.5) were evaluated in a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. Each treatment received a 7.2 m2 plot area with 60 cm row to row and 25 cm plant to plant spacing, accommodating 48 plants per plot. Cultural practices were done as per the recommendations and fungicide was not applied for late blight of potato (Phytophthora infestans) control. The observed data were subjected to variance, correlation and cluster analysis. Analysis of variance showed significant differences for some plant and tuber characteristics. From the pooled analysis of two years’ data, the genotype 'PRP 266265.15' was found to be a suitable genotype in plains due to its higher yield (21.91 t/ha) and other yield characteristics. The higher quantity of over seed-size and under seed-size tuber contributed to the highest tuber yield of PRP 266265.15. The weight (r = 0.928**) and number (r = 0.483**) of the over seed-size tuber had a positive significant correlation with tuber yield per hectare. Further research is needed to study yield stability of the genotype 'PRP 266265.15' in various locations with similar production environments.
Determination of the Topography and Draining of the Site for the Benin City Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Station
Authors: Eteje S. O. , Akugbe Cyril Okpeahior
Published: November 2021

The reconciliation of engineering designs that do not have survey information, that involve accurate configuration of the proposed constructions at their respective locations on-site requires first a topographic survey to obtain the perimeter survey plan, which in turn, shows the area, shape, perimeter and orientation of the site; spot heights plan showing the existing ground levels thereby used to decide on suitable gradients and determine appropriate finished ground surface, coordinates of the turning points of outlines of the proposed constructions and their respective elevations. For that reason, this study determines the topography and drains the site for the Benin City Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) station in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State. A topographic survey was carried out to produce topographic plans. The accuracy of the survey was computed to determine its reliability. The perimeter survey plan was plotted using AutoCAD Civil 3D Land Desktop Companion 2009 to present the area, shape, perimeter and orientation of the site. The TIN method was used for the computation of the volume of earthworks. The existing and the finished ground surfaces, vector, as well as the flow direction plans, contour plans and the 3D surface maps were plotted using Surfer 11 to show graphically the existing and the proposed topography of the site. A network of drainages was established to drain the site. The study has shown that the site can be drained in two ways, into the moat behind it and existing drainage along Obakhavbaye.
Relationship among Emotional Intelligence, Self-Efficacy and Academic Achievement of Secondary School Students in Mathematics in Imo State
Authors: Nwokolo C. N. , Ahaneku I. C.
Published: November 2021

Aims: The study determined the type of relationship between emotional intelligence and academic achievement of secondary school students, the type of relationship between self-efficacy and academic achievement of secondary school students, the type of joint relationship among emotional intelligence, self-efficacy and academic achievement of secondary school students in Mathematics in Imo state.

Study Design: Correlational Survey research design.

Place and Duration of Study: Secondary school II students in Imo State, Nigeria Sample:

Methodology: The study adopted the correlation survey design. Disproportionate stratified sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 1250 SS II students from a population of 6960 SS II students in government owned secondary schools in Imo state. The instruments adopted for data collection were standardized emotional intelligence inventory (EI) and self-efficacy scale (SES). These instruments were administered using direct delivery approach with the help of regular teachers as research assistants from the sampled schools. Research questions 1 and 2 were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient, while research question 3 was analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The hypotheses postulated was tested at 0.05 level of significance using multiple regression analysis which determined the R, R-squared and adjusted R-squared. The significant value on the coefficient table was used to test hypotheses 1 and 2, while the ANOVA F-ratio, R, R-squared and adjusted R-squared coefficients derived from multiple regression analysis were used to test hypotheses 3.

Results: The findings of the study revealed a moderate positive relationship of 0.643 existing between secondary school students’ emotional intelligence and their academic achievement in Mathematics, Also, a very low positive relationship of 0.310 existing between secondary school students’ self-efficacy and their academic achievement in Mathematics, a moderate positive relationship of 0.451 existing among secondary school students’ emotional intelligence, self-efficacy jointly with their academic achievement in Mathematics. Furthermore, a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and academic achievement of secondary school students in Mathematics in Imo state. There is a significant relationship between self-efficacy and academic achievement of secondary school students in Mathematics in Imo state. There is a significant relationship existing among secondary school students’ emotional intelligence and self-efficacy jointly with their academic achievement in Mathematics in Imo state.

Conclusion: The conclusion of this study creates an insight on the possible reasons for poor academic achievement in accordance with their personality traits and have provided justification for the expressed concerns.
A Statistical Study into Network Security Issues of IT Companies in Accra
Authors: Tetteh Abraham , Essah Richard , Badhon Afroj Jahan , Asante Yaw Adjei , Patrick Amoa-Boateng
Published: November 2021

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a rising technology that offers a great assurance towards a variety of revolutionary applications such as military and public. As wireless sensor networks continue to develop, there is a high importance in security mechanisms. As sensor networks works with responsive data and operate in antagonistic environments, it is crucial to address the security issues. The sensing technology united with wireless communication and processing power makes it rewarding. Due to these computing and inherent constraints in resource, sensor network security has special challenges. The low cost and collaborative nature of the wireless networks (WNs) offers significant advantages upon the conventional communication techniques. The wireless communication technology has several kinds of security threats. The spotlight of this paper is towards addressing the security issues and challenges of WSNs. Here the idea is to identify the threats and security mechanism of wireless sensor networks among WSNs companies in Accra. This paper will contribute to the literature of Wireless sensor networks security issues and challenges in society especially in Ghana. It is concluded that wireless sensor networks have security impact and challenges on information security in IT companies in Accra.
Socio-Economic Responses from the Disaster Management Committee on Natural Disaster Management in Iringa District Council, Tanzania
Authors: Pallangyo Flora Joseph
Published: November 2021

The purpose of the study was to assess the socio-economic responses from Iringa District Council Natural Disaster Management Committee. The research used both quantitative and qualitative research approaches whereby questionnaires were used to collect data from community members and interviews were conducted with the key informants from Iringa District Council Disaster Management Committee. Cross-sectional design was used to gather data to answer the research problem and summarize the results. Targeted population was 11675 community members and key informants from District, Ward and Village Disaster Management Committees (DMC, WDMC AND VDMC) in Iringa District Council whereby a sample size of 133 was drawn out of it. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used for the selection of respondents. Descriptive statistical analysis and contents analysis were used in data analysis. The findings of this study revealed that the DMC has been providing both social and economic responses to the disaster victims such as temporary shelters and housing, supply of water and food as well as a relief package to the disaster victims. However, the social responses were considered minimal as compared to the economic responses by the DMC. The study recommended for the WDMCs and VDMCs to be empowered to be able to mobilize social economic assistance within and outside the community. This will help the local community to restore their lives and properties before the assistance from the DDMC. The DDMC is advised to establish training schedules with proper skills and techniques on natural disaster management in wards, villages, involving the academic institutions in the respective areas, definitely will facilitate to handle the situation effectively. Furthermore, the WDMCs and the VDMCs should re-enforce the legal disaster management Act, and Village by laws of (2019).
Identifying and Using Suitable Oceanic Domains for Prediction of the Indian Monsoon Rainfall over Tamil Nadu
Authors: Senbagavalli G. , Sathyamoorthy N. K. , Dheebakaran Ga. , Ganapati Patil Santosh , Kokilavani S. , Jeevanand P.
Published: November 2021

Rainfall prediction are vital for agriculture which is one of the primary sectors greatly affected by climate variability and extremes. Agriculture plays a vital role in shaping the economy of India which is often affected by monsoon. Sea surface temperature (SST) plays a vital role in rainfall predictability over the land surface. A total of twelve different domains of oceanic influences of SST on monsoon rainfall over Tamil Nadu were selected for analysis. The SST of different lead times (February, March, April, and May for southwest monsoon (SWM) and June, July, August, and September for northeast monsoon (NEM) from the ERSSTv5 and ECMWF-SEAS5 model with the Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) were used in the Climate Predictability Tool (CPT) to identify the best predictor domains for the prediction of SWM and NEM rainfall over Tamil Nadu. The model training utilized the first 40 years (1981-2020) SST and rainfall data and prediction was done for the 2021 seasons. The results of the study revealed from Kendall tau goodness index and CCA score, the predictor domains comprised of a combination of oceanic domains, this were the Indian, Arabian, Bay of Bengal, and Pacific Oceans recorded the best CCA score and the goodness index. Is therefore recommended that, these domains which have the highest overall predictability can be used by the National meteorological services to early warning and monsoon rainfall information over Tamil Nadu.
Influence of Seed Priming with Nano Iron Oxide on Germination and Seedling Growth of Mungbean
Authors: Triveni U. , Luther M. Martin , Ramanamurthy K. V. , Prasad T. N. V. K. V. , Mukundarao C. H. , Patro T. S. S. K.
Published: November 2021

Mungbean is one of the important grain legumes and considered as ‘Green Pearl’ due to its nutritional significance. It is an excellent source of proteins and micronutrients and readily accessible to low income groups in arid and semi-arid regions of Africa and Asia. However, poor nutritional status of the soils in these regions limits the productivity and grain nutritional properties of mungbean. Seed priming with nutrient solutions was identified as viable and cost effective alternative to increase the crop productivity and grain nutritional properties and hence, an in-vitro experiment was conducted for optimizing the concentration of nano iron oxide (FeO) for seed priming in mungbean at Agricultural College, Bapatla, Acharya N.G.Ranga Agricultural University, Andhra Pradesh during 2018. Different concentrations of nano iron oxide were tested in completely randomized block design with three replications. The results revealed that, the nano iron oxide 50 ppm was found effective in increasing the germination percent, shoot length, root length, seedling vigour index and speed of germination of mungbean and has been considered as an optimum concentration for seed priming in mungbean.