bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Successful Treatment with Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy in a Breast Cancer Patient with Multiple Liver Metastases Who Declined Systemic Therapy
Authors: Masuda Takaaki , Niizeki Osamu , Niizeki Takashi , Fujiyoshi Kenji , Ando Yuki , Niizeki Hiroshi , Mimori Koshi
Published: September 2021

Despite improvements in systemic medical therapy (ST), liver metastases (LMs) are a poor prognostic factor in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients. We describe a MBC patient with predominant LMs treated with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) who declined ST. Moreover, we assessed general health status during treatment using C-reactive protein (CRP)/albumin ratio (CAR) and peripheral platelet count × CRP multiplier (P-CRP), well-known indicators of systemic inflammatory response. A 64-year-old woman who underwent a total mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection for an HR-positive, HER2-negative infiltrating ductal BC developed multiple liver, lung, lymph node, and bone metastases. She received ST including paclitaxel plus the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody, bevacizumab, hormone therapy with high-dose toremifene, the oral 5-fluorouracil derivative, S-1, and eribulin. She then declined ST because of the toxicity or decreased treatment motivation thereof, and opted for HAIC with 5FU plus epirubicin followed by Taxane for 1 year and 1 month. Computed tomography revealed a partial response or stable disease in the liver and slow progression in other sites without symptoms or side effects and decreased CEA and CA15-3 levels. The CAR and P-CRP remained low. She survived for 1 year and 3 months after the start of HAIC. This case reveals that HAIC may be an option for advanced BC patients with LMs who cannot receive ST.
Поширеність аномалій зубних рядів у дітей 6–16 років
Authors: Смоляр Н. І. , Лесіцький М. Ю.
Published: September 2021

Резюме. За останні роки спостерігається ріст поширеності зубощелепних аномалій (ЗЩА) серед дитячого населення, в Україні коливається від 65,70 до 83,33 %, що свідчить про варіабельність даних. Серед ортодонтичної патології особливе місце належить аномаліям зубних рядів, оскільки у структурі ЗЩА вонибувають найчастіше.
Мета дослідження – оцінити поширеність аномалій зубних рядів у дітей.
Матеріали і методи. Було обстежено 1167 дітей віком 6–16 років. Встановлено, що серед дітей з ортодонтичною патологією у структурі ЗЩА аномалії зубних рядів зустрічаються у (64,87±1,75) %. Поширеність аномалій зубних рядів зростає з 6 до 12 років – із (3,06±1,74) % до (58,82±4,87) %, р<0,001, а з 12 до 16 років відмічено тенденцію до зниження (з (58,82±4,87) % до (50,00±4,56) %), що може бути зумовлено процесами саморегуляції у результаті росту. Встановлено, що серед аномалій положення окремих зубів, найчастіше зустрічаються тортоаномалія (14,91±1,04) %, дистальне та вестибулярне положення (7,54±0,77) % та (7,40±0,77) %, відповідно.
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Результати проведених досліджень показують, що скупчення зубів буває в середньому в (22,79±1,23) % дітей та у (35,80±1,76) % осіб серед дітей із ЗЩА. У період раннього змінного прикусу скупчення зубів зустрічається у (10,36±1,50) % випадків, у період пізнього змінного прикусу кількість таких дітей достовірно зростає до (20,00±2,29) %, а у постійному прикусі – до (36,24±2,27) %. Аномалії форми зубних рядів бувають у (20,22±1,18) % дітей. Результати дослідження свідчать, що в середньому діастеми зустрічаються у (8,48±0,82) % обстежених та у (13,32±1,25) % дітей із ЗЩА, а треми – у (3,86±0,32) % обстежених та у (6,06±0,88) % серед дітей із ЗЩА.
Висновки. Отримані дані свідчать про необхідність планових оглядів у дитячих садках та школах для виявлення дітей, які мають фактори ризику виникнення зубощелепних аномалій та потребують ортодонтичного лікування, що знизить відсоток переходу патології у більш тяжчі форми. У дітей в період тимчасового та раннього змінного прикусів необхідно проводити профілактичні заходи з метою стимуляції саморегуляції зубощелепних аномалій та мотивувати батьків до профілактичного протезування.
Мікробіота пародонтальних кишень у пацієнтів з ішемічною хворобою серця та хронічним генералізованим пародонтитом
Authors: Скибчик О. В.
Published: September 2021

Резюме. Хронічний генералізований пародонтит (ХГП) визнаний одним із незалежних факторів ризику у виникненні ішемічної хвороби серця (ІХС). Існують припущення про те, що одним із основних пускових факторів розвитку атеросклеротичного ушкодження судин унаслідок ХГП виступає саме патогенна мікробіота пародонтальних кишень, яка спричиняє вивільнення прозапальних медіаторів, С-реактивного білка і, як наслідок, призводить до виникнення системного запалення та дисфункції ендотелію.

Мета дослідження – визначити склад мікробіоти пародонтальних кишень у пацієнтів з ішемічною хворобою серця та хронічним генералізованим пародонтитом.

Матеріали і методи. Проведено мікробіологічне дослідження вмісту пародонтальних кишень 84 хворих із ХГП початкового-І, ІІ та ІІІ ступенів тяжкості: 64 хворих із ХГП та ІХС основної групи (середній вік – (56,9±7,9) року) та 20 осіб із ХГП, не обтяжених ІХС, що склали групу порівняння (середній вік – (45,2±11,8) року).

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. У результаті мікробіологічного дослідження вмісту пародонтальних кишень у всіх обстежених хворих на ІХС та ХГП було виявлено наявність патогенної мікробіоти, яка характеризувалася видовою різноманітністю та високим рівнем загального обсіменіння. У хворих основної групи простежувалося переважання стрептококів (Str. Mitis, Str. Salivarius, Str. Pyogenes) та коринебактерій (Corynebacterium spp.). За показниками частоти виявлення представників анаеробної ланки в основній групі зареєстровано переважання висівання A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. intermedia, B. melaninogenicus, Fusobacterium spp., Veillonella spp. та E. Corrodens., частота виявлення яких зростала із ступенем тяжкості патологічного процесу в тканинах пародонта.

Висновки. Результати аналізу проведених мікробіологічних досліджень показали зміни мікробіоти вмісту пародонтальних кишень, у тому числі аеробних та анаеробних мікроорганізмів у хворих із ХГП на тлі ІХС. Встановлено високий рівень колонізації патогенною пародонтальною мікробіотою, порівняно з групою осіб із ХГП, не обтяжених ІХС. Простежується перерозподіл між грамнегативною та грампозитивною мікробіотою: при ХГП ІІ ступеня та ХГП ІІІ ступеня частка грамнегативних анаеробів зростає та активності набирає більша кількість їх видів.
Оцінка чинників ризику розвитку раннього дитячого карієсу в дітей за даними анкетування батьків
Authors: Гринкевич Л. Г.
Published: September 2021

Резюме. Ранній дитячий карієс є першим захворюванням, яке дає виклик стоматологічному здоров’ю дитини та майбутньої дорослої людини. На сьогодні добре відомо його етіопатогенез, але разом з тим чимало чинників впливає на процес розвитку патологічного процесу в твердих тканинах дитини.

Мета дослідження – проаналізувати чинники ризику розвитку раннього дитячого карієсу в дітей за даними анкетування батьків.

Матеріали і методи. Для аналізу чинників, що впливають на розвиток карієсу зубів у дітей, ми провели анкетування батьків із використанням Google-форми. В опитуванні взяли участь 113 батьків дітей віком до 3 років, які народилися та проживають у м. Чернівці.

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Аналіз відповідей респондентів дає підстави стверджувати проте, що у дітей віком до 3 років, які проживають у м. Чернівці, наявні такі чинники ризику розвитку карієсу тимчасових зубів, як неналежний режим вигодовування протягом першого року життя дитини, шкідливі харчові звички та уподобання дітей, споживання води з неконтрольованих за рівнем фтору джерел, неналежний догляд за ротовою порожниною, відсутність вчасної кваліфікованої консультації щодо індивідуальної гігієни ротової порожнини та недостатня обізнаність батьків відносно причин розвитку карієсу зубів у дітей та методів їх усунення.

Висновки. Одержана інформація є важливою з точки зору розуміння напрямку організації санітарно-просвітницької роботи з батьками дітей задля усунення тих чи інших чинників ризику розвитку раннього дитячого карієсу.
Do desenho e da pintura aos lumes coloridos na cena - Plínio, Alberti e Serlio: ornato e amplificação do discurso sobre a arquitetura, a partir das qualificações Dei lumi artificiali delle scene
Authors: Cerri Vania Cristina
Published: September 2021

Este artigo tem como escopo discorrer sobre o texto Dei lumi artificiali delle scene, composto no século XVI italiano, obra literária do preceptor, pintor e arquiteto Sebastiano Serlio, que trata de uma série de assuntos referentes à arquitetura a partir da figura do pintor. Na distinção das artes a prescrição do lume para o “disegno visivo” seguirá preceitos do tratado Da pintura de Alberti. No crescente da construção retórica discursiva, tal proposição é suplantada quando se trata dos lumi da scena, ou seja, “luzes que se vêem”, obtidas pelo fogo, que incidem sobre tintas coloridas, como formas de ornatos materiais, amplificam o relevo e dão a ver os volumes superando, por emulação, as próprias coisas naturais.
A proteção do patrimônio cultural brasileiro e sua relação com a teoria de Viollet-Le-Duc
Authors: Vicari Filho William
Published: September 2021

Com o desenvolvimento das restaurações de patrimônios históricos como disciplina acadêmica, na Europa do século XIX, o pensamento de Viollet-Le-Duc tornou-se um norteador. Segundo o arquiteto, “restaurar um edifício é restituí-lo a um estado completo que pode nunca ter existido num momento dado”. Com os estudos sobre a Idade Média, frutos do desenvolvimento de uma identidade nacional, esses “restauros em estilo” manifestaram-se em Igrejas e Castelos europeus. No Brasil, graças ao projeto nacional Modernista, um processo paralelo ocorreu, tendo como elemento central a cultura barroca, sobretudo na cidade de Ouro Preto. O SPHAN, posteriormente IPHAN, foi o órgão encarregado para proteger o patrimônio que manifestaria tal cultura, e sua atuação tem muito em comum com os postulados de Eugène Viollet-Le-Duc.
Utility of Intracardiac Echocardiography in the Early Experience of Transcatheter Edge to Edge Tricuspid Valve Repair
Authors: Eleid Mackram F. , Alkhouli Mohamad , Thaden Jeremy J. , Zahr Firas , Chadderdon Scott , Guerrero Mayra , Reeder Guy S. , Rihal Charanjit S.
Published: September 2021

Background:

Tricuspid edge to edge repair (TEER) is a novel treatment for severe tricuspid regurgitation and is highly dependent on intraprocedural image quality. To date, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has been the primary imaging modality used to guide TEER. The role of intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) has not been assessed. The objective of this study was to describe the use and role of 2-dimensional ICE in the early experience of TEER.

Methods:

Consecutive patients undergoing TEER (with or without concomitant mitral repair) with off-label use of MitraClip (Abbott, Santa Clara, CA) were included in the study. Utilization of 2-dimensional ICE in comparison with TEE imaging were collected in each procedure through retrospective review of the procedural reports and images.

Results:

Of 42 TEER cases, ICE was used in 15 (36%) and concomitant mitral repair was performed in 37 (86%). ICE was increasingly used over time for TEER. ICE was able to visualize the tricuspid leaflets with high resolution and provided superior leaflet visualization to TEE in 40% of cases where it was used. Patients treated with ICE guidance tended to have a greater baseline severity of tricuspid regurgitation compared with patients treated with TEE guidance alone (8/15 [53%] massive or greater tricuspid regurgitation versus 6/27 [22%];
P
=0.09). Degree of tricuspid regurgitation reduction was similar with TEE alone versus ICE plus TEE guidance (1.9±1.0 versus 2.1±1.1 grade reduction,
P
=0.28).

Conclusions:

ICE was increasingly used in the early experience of TEER over time. ICE facilitates leaflet visualization for grasping and is a useful adjunct to TEE during TEER.
Serine 26 in Early Growth Response‐1 Is Critical for Endothelial Proliferation, Migration, and Network Formation
Authors: Santiago Fernando S. , Li Yue , Khachigian Levon M.
Published: September 2021

Background

Vascular endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and network formation are key proangiogenic processes involving the prototypic immediate early gene product, Egr‐1 (early growth response‐1). Egr‐1 undergoes phosphorylation at a conserved Ser26 but its function is completely unknown in endothelial cells or any other cell type.

Methods and Results

A CRISPR/Cas9 strategy was used to introduce a homozygous Ser26>Ala mutation into endogenous Egr‐1 in human microvascular endothelial cells. In the course of generating mutant cells, we produced cells with homozygous deletion in
Egr
‐1
caused by frameshift and premature termination. We found that Ser26 mutation in Egr‐1, or Egr‐1 deletion, perturbed endothelial cell proliferation in models of cell counting or real‐time growth using the xCELLigence System. We found that Ser26 mutation or Egr‐1 deletion ameliorated endothelial cell migration toward VEGF‐A
165
(vascular endothelial growth factor‐A) in a dual‐chamber model. On solubilized basement membrane preparations, Ser26 mutation or Egr‐1 deletion prevented endothelial network (or tubule) formation, an in vitro model of angiogenesis. Flow cytometry further revealed that Ser26 mutation or Egr‐1 deletion elevated early and late apoptosis. Finally, we demonstrated that Ser26 mutation or Egr‐1 deletion increased VE‐cadherin (vascular endothelial cadherin) expression, a regulator of endothelial adhesion and signaling, permeability, and angiogenesis.

Conclusions

These findings not only indicate that Egr‐1 is essential for endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and network formation, but also show that point mutation in Ser26 is sufficient to impair each of these processes and trigger apoptosis as effectively as the absence of Egr‐1. This highlights the importance of Ser26 in Egr‐1 for a range of proangiogenic processes.
Validation of the 2016 ASE/EACVI Guideline for Diastolic Dysfunction in Patients With Unexplained Dyspnea and a Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
Authors: van de Bovenkamp Arno A. , Enait Vidya , de Man Frances S. , Oosterveer Frank T. P. , Bogaard Harm Jan , Vonk Noordegraaf Anton , van Rossum Albert C. , Handoko M. Louis
Published: September 2021

Background

Echocardiography is considered the cornerstone of the diagnostic workup of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Thus far, validation of the 2016 American Society of Echocardiography/European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (ASE/EACVI) echo‐algorithm for evaluation of diastolic (dys)function in a patient suspected of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction has been limited.

Methods and Results

The diagnostic performance of the 2016 ASE/EACVI algorithm was assessed in 204 patients evaluated for unexplained dyspnea or pulmonary hypertension with echocardiogram and right heart catheterization. Invasively measured pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) was used as the gold standard. In addition, the diagnostic performance of H
2
FPEF score and NT‐proBNP (N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide) were evaluated. There was a poor correlation between indexed left atrial volume, E/e′ (septal and average) or early mitral inflow (E), and PCWP (
r
=0.25–0.30,
P
values all <0.01). No correlation was found in our cohort between e′ (septal or lateral) or tricuspid valve regurgitation and PCWP. The correlation between diastolic function grades of the ASE/EACVI algorithm and PCWP was poor (
r
=0.17,
P
<0.05). The ASE/EACVI algorithm had a sensitivity and specificity of 35% and 87%, respectively; an accuracy of 67% and an area under the curve of 0.56. Moreover, in 30% of cases the algorithm was not applicable or indeterminate. H
2
FPEF score had a modest correlation with PCWP (
r
=0.44,
P
<0.0001), and accuracy was 73%; NT‐proBNP correlated weakly with PCWP (
r
=0.24,
P
<0.001), and accuracy was 57%.

Conclusions

The 2016 ASE/EACVI algorithm for the assessment of diastolic function has a limited diagnostic accuracy in patients evaluated for unexplained dyspnea and/or pulmonary hypertension, and especially sensitivity to detect diastolic dysfunction was low.
Ischemic Benefit and Hemorrhage Risk of Ticagrelor-Aspirin Versus Aspirin in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Johnston S. Claiborne , Amarenco Pierre , Aunes Maria , Denison Hans , Evans Scott R. , Himmelmann Anders , Jahreskog Marianne , James Stefan , Knutsson Mikael , Ladenvall Per , Molina Carlos A. , Nylander Sven , Röther Joachim , Wang Yongjun ,   for the THALES Investigators
Published: September 2021

Background and Purpose:

In patients with acute mild-moderate ischemic stroke or high-risk transient ischemic attack, the THALES trial (Acute Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack Treated With Ticagrelor and Aspirin for Prevention of Stroke and Death) demonstrated that when added to aspirin, ticagrelor reduced stroke or death but increased risk of severe hemorrhage compared with placebo. The primary efficacy outcome of THALES included hemorrhagic stroke and death, events also counted in the primary safety outcome. We sought to disentangle risk and benefit, assess their relative impact, and attempt to identify subgroups with disproportionate risk or benefit.

Methods:

In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of patients with mild-to-moderate acute noncardioembolic ischemic stroke or high-risk transient ischemic attack, patients were randomized within 24 hours after symptom onset to a 30-day regimen of either ticagrelor plus aspirin or matching placebo plus aspirin. For the present analyses, we defined the efficacy outcome, major ischemic events, as the composite of ischemic stroke or nonhemorrhagic death, and defined the safety outcome, major hemorrhage, as intracranial hemorrhage or hemorrhagic death. Net clinical impact was defined as the combination of these 2 end points.

Results:

In 11 016 patients (5523 ticagrelor-aspirin and 5493 aspirin), a major ischemic event occurred in 294 patients (5.3%) in the ticagrelor-aspirin group and in 359 patients (6.5%) in the aspirin group (absolute risk reduction 1.19% [95% CI, 0.31%–2.07%]). Major hemorrhage occurred in 22 patients (0.4%) in the ticagrelor-aspirin group and 6 patients (0.1%) in the aspirin group (absolute risk increase 0.29% [95% CI, 0.10%–0.48%]). Net clinical impact favored ticagrelor-aspirin (absolute risk reduction 0.97% [95% CI, 0.08%–1.87%]). Findings were similar when different thresholds for disability were applied and over a range of predefined subgroups.

Conclusions:

In patients with mild-moderate ischemic stroke or high-risk transient ischemic attack, ischemic benefits of 30-day treatment with ticagrelor-aspirin outweigh risks of hemorrhage.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03354429.
“Peace through the Cross”
Authors: Ziegler Philip G.
Published: September 2021

Central to Markus Barth’s work as a New Testament exegete was the pursuit of an ever more responsible interpretation of the letters of the apostle Paul that combined rigorous historical and theological concerns into a form of “biblical theology.” The culmination of this endeavour is unarguably his two-volume commentary on Ephesians. This essay explores the central claims advanced in that commentary with an especial focus on Barth’s claim that Ephesians 2:11–22 represents a high point in Paul’s witness concerning Jews and Gentiles. It goes on to demonstrate how Barth understood justification as the ‘sociohistorical’ outworking of God’s reconciling act in Jesus Christ. It concludes by examining some of the consequences of Barth’s contentions for orienting Christians toward the important task of Jewish-Christian relations in the present.
Protective effect of Boldine against neuroinflammation in spinal cord injury in rats
Authors: Feng Jigao , Liu Junchi , Liu Xu , Qiu Zhaoyou , Zhang Caicai
Published: September 2021

The successful clinical management of spinal cord injury (SCI) is still a unmet medical need. Despite advances in novel therapeutics, the multifactorial etiology of SCI still poses significant challenge to the mankind. Thus, in the present study, we intend to scrutinize the protective effect of Boldine (BOL), an alkaloid obtained from the boldo tree against experimental spinal cord injury. The effect of BOL was investigated on locomotor function of rats with various biomarkers of oxidative stress (MDA, SOD and GSH), inflammation (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6), and apoptosis. Results suggest that BOL showed improvement in locomotor function (on BBB scale) of rats with does-dependent reduction in oxidative stress and inflammation. It also reduces neuronal apoptosis in flow cytometry experiment. The study successfully demonstrated the possible clinical utility of BOL against SCI.
Medinilla madagascariensis, a replacement name for Medinilla albiflora H.Perrier (Melastomataceae) and its lectotypification
Authors: KOTTAIMUTHU RAMALINGAM , BASU MUTHURAMALINGAM JOTHI
Published: September 2021

N/A
Boeremia parva sp. nov., a novel species of the family Didymellaceae isolated from soil
Authors: DAS KALLOL , TEN LEONID N. , BAN JAE-HO , LEE SEUNG-YEOL , JUNG HEE-YOUNG
Published: September 2021

Fungal strains, designated KNU-NL4 and KNU-OL2, belonging to the family Didymellaceae were isolated from a soil sample collected in Miryang, Korea. Phylogenetic analyses based on a concatenated dataset of DNA sequences of ITS regions and partial sequences of ACT, CAL, TEF1-α, and β-TUB genes showed that the isolates reside in a clade together with Boeremia species but occupy the distinct phylogenetic position. Morphologically, the novel strains produce bigger conidiomata (average size 169.8 μm) than the closely related B. rhapontica (126.59 μm) and smaller than the other close neighbor B. coffeae (187.5 μm). Both novel strains also differed from them by smaller colony size and colony color on OA and MEA. The detailed descriptions, illustrations, and discussions regarding the morphological and phylogenetic analyses of the closely related species are provided to support the novelty of the isolated species. The results of phylogenetic analysis and morphological observations indicate that strains KNU-NL4 and KNU-OL2 represent a novel species in the genus Boeremia, for which the name Boeremia parva sp. nov. is proposed.
An homage to Peru’s bicentenary: Maxillaria bicentenaria (Orchidaceae), a new species previously misidentified as M. pyhalae
Authors: MARTEL CARLOS , EGOAVIL LUIS , OCUPA LUIS , TELLO JUAN ANDRE , RIZO PATRÓN FEDERICO , LAURA CÉSAR , LEÓN MARCO , COLLANTES BENJAMÍN
Published: September 2021

We propose the new species Maxillaria bicentenaria from the montane forest of central Peru and provide an amendment of the description of Maxillaria pyhalae. Maxillaria bicentenaria is similar to M. pyhalae but differs by the elliptic to sub-elliptic labellum, the labellum distal half irregularly plicate, the flattened and transversally sub-trapezoidal labellar callus, the campanulate to sub-campanulate protuberance at the labellum apex centre, and the conspicuous carina with a sharp edge towards the top of the anther. Illustrations, pictures, and a distribution map are provided for both Maxillaria species. The differential features of both species are presented and previous misidentified records are discussed. Finally, a comment on the author name of Maxillaria fletcheriana is also provided.
Ferulago akpulatii (Apiaceae): A new species from Central Anatolia, Turkey
Authors: GÜRDAL BAHAR , OLCAY BÜLENT , TUNCAY HÜSEYİN ONUR , AKALIN EMİNE
Published: September 2021

Ferulago akpulatii (Apiaceae) is described as a new species endemic to Central Anatolia, Turkey. It is closely related to Ferulago platycarpa and F. pauciradiata, and is easily distinguished by its cauline leaf shape, inflorescence type, and fruit features. The main morphological differences between Ferulago akpulatii and related taxa are discussed, and the diagnostic characteristics, including the anatomical features of fruits, are given in detail. An identification key of Ferulago akpulatii and the morphologically closer species is also provided.
Freshwater Sordariomycetes: new species and new records in Pleurotheciaceae, Pleurotheciales
Authors: SHI LIN , YANG HAO , HYDE KEVIN D. , WIJAYAWARDENE NALIN N. , WANG GEN-NUO , Yu XIAN-DONG , ZHANG HUANG
Published: September 2021

Eight freshwater asexual strains collected from China and Thailand were subjected to morpho-molecular analyses. BLAST search results showed that the new strains belonged to Pleurotheciales, Sordariomycetes. Phylogenetic analyses based on a combined LSU, SSU, ITS and RPB2 sequence dataset are used to clarify the placement of the new strains within Pleurotheciales. Pleurothecium guttulatum and Pleurotheciella sympodia are introduced as two new species from freshwater habitats. New geographical record of Pleurotheciella nilotica from Asia (Thailand and China) is reported. New habitat and geographical records of Phaeoisaria annesophieae (from freshwater habitats in Asia) are reported. Descriptions and illustrations of the new species and records, as well as known species Rhexoacrodictys erecta and Phaeoisaria annesophieae, are provided. A key to Pleurotheciella species is provided.
Validation of the name Vincetoxicum taiwanense (Apocynaceae)
Authors: IDREES MUHAMMAD , HSU TIAN-CHUAN
Published: September 2021

N/A
Tackling the ‘digital pandemic’: The effectiveness of psychological intervention strategies in problematic Internet and smartphone use—A meta-analysis
Authors: Augner Christoph , Vlasak Thomas , Aichhorn Wolfgang , Barth Alfred
Published: September 2021

Objective:

Problematic Internet and smartphone use is associated with serious mental health problems. We thus investigated the effectiveness of psychological interventions on problematic Internet and smartphone use.

Methods:

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis and searched in PubMed, PsyArticles, PsycInfo, Medline and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed experimental and quasi-experimental research published between 2008 and 2021.

Results:

A total of 10 studies accompanied by 14 effect sizes were included in the meta-analyses for problematic Internet use and 3 studies accompanied by 4 effect sizes for problematic smartphone use. The total sample size was n = 1439 with a mean age of 20.34 (SD = 6.63) years. Psychological interventions were effective for both problematic Internet use ( g = −1.41, 95% confidence interval = [−1.90, −0.91], p < 0.001) and problematic smartphone use ( g = −0.40, 95% confidence interval = [−0.79, −0.01], p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Current evidence indicates that psychological interventions can be effective in reducing problematic Internet use/problematic smartphone use. However, the results must be considered preliminary due to the limited number of studies available in the respective fields.
Quantifying Occupational Stress in Intensive Care Unit Nurses: An Applied Naturalistic Study of Correlations Among Stress, Heart Rate, Electrodermal Activity, and Skin Temperature
Authors: Ahmadi Nima , Sasangohar Farzan , Nisar Tariq , Danesh Valerie , Larsen Ethan , Sultana Ineen , Bosetti Rita
Published: September 2021

Objective

To identify physiological correlates to stress in intensive care unit nurses.

Background

Most research on stress correlates are done in laboratory environments; naturalistic investigation of stress remains a general gap.

Method

Electrodermal activity, heart rate, and skin temperatures were recorded continuously for 12-hr nursing shifts (23 participants) using a wrist-worn wearable technology (Empatica E4).

Results

Positive correlations included stress and heart rate (ρ = .35, p < .001), stress and skin temperature (ρ = .49, p < .05), and heart rate and skin temperatures (ρ = .54, p = .0008).

Discussion

The presence and direction of some correlations found in this study differ from those anticipated from prior literature, illustrating the importance of complementing laboratory research with naturalistic studies. Further work is warranted to recognize nursing activities associated with a high level of stress and the underlying reasons associated with changes in physiological responses.

Application

Heart rate and skin temperature may be used for real-time detection of stress, but more work is needed to validate such surrogate measures.
Dynamic and static mechanical properties of PP/EVA blend nanocomposites: Effects of type of masterbatch preparation technique and nature of compatibilizer
Authors: Tekay Emre , Doğu Salih , Şen Sinan
Published: September 2021

Polypropylene (PP)/poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) nanocomposites were prepared with use of 3 wt% of organophilic halloysite nanotubes (Org-HNTs) and 3 types of compatibilizers in two steps. First, masterbatchs of EVA and the compatibilizers with the Org-HNT were prepared by two different preparation techniques; melt masterbatch (MM) and solution masterbatch (SM). The masterbatchs were then melt compounded with PP in the second step. Special attention was paid to effects of nature of compatibilizer and masterbatch preparation technique on morphology-mechanical property relationship for the composites. Poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate-carbon monoxide) (EVACO) and maleic anhydride grafted EVA (EVA-g-MA) were used as EVA-based compatibilizers which gave a homogeneous distribution of the nanotubes in the matrix and at the matrix-elastomer interphase as compared to maleic anhydride grafted PP (PP-g-MA). The both masterbatch techniques provided a core-shell morphology composed of nanotubes as core surrounded with elastomer phase as a shell, which led to higher toughness and impact resistance for the composites. Particularly, the EVACO compatibilizer provided the highest toughness, tensile modulus and impact resistance for 3% Org-HNT loaded nanocomposite produced with the SM technique. The same nanocomposite was found to act as an effective damper with an optimum modulus in a broad range of temperature and show a relatively higher creep resistance than the counterpart produced with the MMT technique. It also exhibited 66% higher scratch resistance compared to the PP/EVA blend, which makes it advantageous for the visible parts in automotive applications.
“Meeting the Medicine Halfway”: Ayahuasca Ceremony Leaders’ Perspectives on Preparation and Integration Practices for Participants
Authors: Callon Cody , Williams Meris , Lafrance Adele
Published: September 2021

Ayahuasca is a psychotropic plant-based tea from the Amazon. Its ceremonial use for therapeutic and spiritual purposes has become increasingly common and stands to escalate based on current policy initiatives in some countries. As ceremonial ayahuasca use spreads there is a need to understand, from various perspectives, how best to improve outcomes and minimize potential harms. Clinicians and therapists encourage the use of preparation and integration practices that accompany ceremonial ayahuasca use; however, there is no research investigating the views of those conducting the ceremonies. This qualitative study explored the perspectives of 15 ayahuasca ceremony leaders regarding preparation and integration practices they consider helpful for ensuring safe and productive experiences for ceremony participants. Qualitative content analysis produced three main categories, each with relevant subcategories. The first category included factors that facilitate preparation, including participant honesty and respect; readiness and willingness; and internal and external resources. The second category encompassed several complementary modalities believed to facilitate both preparation and integration, such as psychotherapy, spiritual and contemplative practices, and other modes of creative expression. The third category included factors considered facilitative of integration, including sharing of experiences, and working with insights and lessons. Ineffective integration practices constituted a fourth subcategory. Consistent with reports from other stakeholders, the findings highlight a wide range of preparation and integration practices that may be useful for ayahuasca ceremony participants to consider when drinking ayahuasca.
The Effect of Louisiana Medicaid Expansion on Affordability of Health Care
Authors: Shao Yixue , Stoecker Charles
Published: September 2021

Objectives

Louisiana extended Medicaid coverage on July 1, 2016, to previously ineligible populations. We aimed to estimate the effect of Louisiana’s Medicaid expansion on self-reported affordability of health care.

Methods

We used 2011-2019 data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). The BRFSS measured affordability of health care by asking respondents 2 questions: (1) whether they could not see a doctor due to cost in the previous 12 months and (2) whether they could not get a prescribed medication due to cost in the previous 12 months. We estimated difference-in-differences and difference-in-difference-in-differences analytical models using multivariable linear regression that compared trends in Louisiana with trends in states that did not expand Medicaid during the study period.

Results

Compared with adults aged <65 with annual household income >138% of the federal poverty level (FPL) in nonexpansion states, Medicaid expansion in Louisiana decreased the percentage of adults aged <65 with annual household income ≤138% FPL who reported being unable to see a doctor due to cost by 5.1 percentage points (95% CI, −6.5 to −3.6; P < .001) and unable to afford prescribed medication by 7.9 percentage points (95% CI, −9.2 to −6.6; P < .001). We found similar estimates when we limited the comparison group to Southern nonexpansion states.

Conclusions

Louisiana’s Medicaid expansion lowered cost barriers to health care. Further research may find improvements in health care affordability in states that have not yet expanded Medicaid.
A National Study to Assess Validity and Psychometrics of the Short Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6)
Authors: Umucu Emre , Fortuna Karen , Jung Hyejin , Bialunska Anita , Lee Beatrice , Mangadu Thenral , Storm Marianne , Ergun Gul , Mozer Donyeill A. , Brooks Jessica
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to test the validity and reliability of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale-6 (K6) with a nationally representative clinical sample with various mental health disorders. The cross-sectional, nationally representative, and publicly available data were extracted from the 2014 Health Center Patient Survey (HCPS), which was sponsored by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA). After excluding certain individuals for the purpose of this study, we had a total of 1,863 participants. The highest and lowest psychological distress weighted scores were reported by individuals with bipolar disorder ( M = 17.16) and individuals with schizophrenia ( M = 16.09), respectively, although psychological distress interference was highest in individuals with schizophrenia ( M = 2.44). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) results yielded a unidimensional factor solution for K6 scale in all subgroups. The K6 is a brief, reliable, and valid measure of psychological distress in adults with panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia.
Trauma surgery via distance mentoring: A model inspired by the 2020 pandemic
Authors: Cawich Shamir O , Mencia Marlon , Thomas Dexter , Spence Richard , Milne David , Naraynsingh Vijay , Barrow Shaheeba
Published: September 2021

When the COVID-19 pandemic unfolded in March 2020, surgical care was impacted globally. The developing nations in the Caribbean were unprepared with fragile, resource poor healthcare systems. A series of rapid policy changes in response to the pandemic radically changed surgical care and prevented the usual oversight in the operating theatre. Attending surgeons responded utilising readily available technology for distance mentoring. Using this model, postgraduate surgical residents were able to complete 96% of trauma laparotomies safely without major complications.
“Heart and Soul of a Prosecutor”: The Impact of Prosecutor Role Orientation on Charging Decisions
Authors: Lowrey-Kinberg Belén , Gould Jon , Bowman Rachel
Published: September 2021

In most research, prosecutors are depicted monolithically as “interchangeable parts” rather than as individuals with varied perspectives. Yet, the prosecution is becoming increasingly diverse, a shift that is likely accompanied by different approaches to prosecution. Drawing upon the concepts of role orientation and job crafting, we identify three primary orientations to the job of a prosecutor, that of the Enforcer, the Reformer, and the Advocate. Whereas Enforcers view their job as merely to apply the law, Reformers focus on rehabilitation of the defendant, and Advocates are instead concerned with retribution for victims. These three interpretations of prosecutors’ responsibilities translate into different approaches to charging. Furthermore, when there is a disconnect between a prosecutor’s personal philosophy and that of their office more generally, prosecutors develop covert ways of exercising their priorities.
The effect of trunk training on trunk control, upper extremity, and pulmonary function in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Güneş Gencer Gökçe Yağmur , Yilmaz Öznur
Published: September 2021

Objectives:

To investigate the effect of trunk training on trunk control, arm, and pulmonary function in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Design:

A randomised controlled trial.

Settings:

Neuromuscular diseases clinic of university hospital.

Subjects:

Twenty-six children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy aged 5–16 were included in the study.

Intervention:

Participants were randomly allocated into two groups. The study group ( N = 13) exercised with the trunk-oriented exercise program and the conventional exercise program, whereas the control group ( N = 13) underwent the conventional exercise program for eight weeks.

Main measures:

The primary outcomes were trunk control was assessed using the Trunk Control Measurement Scale, the arm function was assessed using Performance of Upper Limb, and respiratory function using the pulmonary function test. Data collection was conducted at baseline, and eighth week. The differences in trunk control scores, arm function scores, and respiratory function values before and after the training were calculated for the intergroup comparison.

Results:

The mean age of the participants was 11.6 (2.6) in the study group and 10.6 (3.4) in the control group. The changes between trunk control score, arm function score (total and distal level score), and respiratory function value (Forced Vital Capacity, Forced Expiratory Volume in one second, and Peak Expiratory Flow Volume percentage values) were compared and significant differences were found after eight week periods in the study and control groups.

Conclusions:

Trunk-oriented exercise program in Duchenne muscular dystrophy might be effective for trunk control, arm, and respiratory function.
Singing lessons as a path to well-being in later life
Authors: Smith Alexandra M , Kleinerman Kay , Cohen Annabel J
Published: September 2021

Seventy-two persons, who had begun voice lessons after 40 years of age, were invited to complete an online survey that focused on the singers’ experience, motivation, goals, health and well-being, repertoire, practice, and demographic information; 48 respondents (33 females, mean age 60.81 years, range 48.83–82.08, SD = 6.99) completed the questionnaire. Most participants indicated that enjoyment and personal growth motivated their taking lessons. Over 90% commented on benefits of singing to their physical health (e.g., breathing) and mental health (e.g., mood, less depressive episodes). Despite the solitary aspect of singing lessons, 67% reported positive changes in social relations since taking lessons. Benefits to professional relations were also reported (e.g., confidence, listening to others). Repertoire level was generally high, consistent with a high average university educational level. Cost of lessons and time demands may account for the generally high socioeconomic status of respondents. Given that the singing voice is a musical instrument available to almost everyone, results might motivate older adults to consider taking voice lessons, encourage health care professionals to consider voice lessons as interventions to benefit clients, and persuade governments to subsidize voice lessons for older adults in their jurisdictions. The study provides a foundation for future research on the relative impacts on well-being of vocal lessons versus choral singing in the context of relative investments in the two activities.
Kinematics modeling and grasping experiment of pneumatic four-finger flexible robotic hand
Authors: Liu Hongbo , Geng Dexu
Published: September 2021

To solve the complex structure, poor flexibility, and heavyweight of the rigid robotic hand, a pneumatic four-finger flexible robotic hand is developed in this paper. The robotic hand is about 1.3 times as large as that of a human hand and each finger is composed of a single multi-drive bending joint. The kinematic model of the robotic hand is established by using homogeneous coordinate transformation matrix. Through the simulation experiment of the robotic hand structure, the trajectory, and workspace of the robotic hand are established. According to the experimental results of grasping performance of the robotic hand, the grasping forces of different geometric positions along the finger axis are obtained. The results show that the robotic hand can realize a variety of grasping modes, has flexible action and strong adaptive ability; it can grasp, hold, and pinch, as well as stably grasp objects such as cylinder, box, and sphere. In pinch grasp mode, the robotic hand can grip objects as thin as 1 mm and the diameter of the grasped object varies from 28 mm to 160 mm; the maximum mass that the robotic hand can grasp an object with a diameter of 90 mm under 0.35 MPa is 1386 g.
Analysis of collision dynamics of lifting the pantograph during vehicle operation
Authors: Yao Yongming , Zhou Ning , Mei Guiming , Zhang Weihua
Published: September 2021

It is a practical engineering problem to lift the pantograph during train operation. In this paper, a pantograph-catenary (PAC) model is established, which can realize pantograph lifting during train operation. In this model, the contact model between contact piece and contact wire is established using the polygon contact model (PCM). The PAC collision test rig is established, and the simulation model at low speed is verified by comparing the contact force and vertical acceleration of contact piece obtained from simulation and test. The factors influencing the process of pantograph lifting are analyzed. The simulation results show that the position where the dropper and contact wire are connected is the most disadvantageous position for pantograph lifting. The maximum impact force increases with the increase of pantograph lifting speed, and the relationship between them is linear. In addition, if the influence of aerodynamic force is not considered, the running speed of vehicle will not affect the pantograph lifting process.
Employee Ownership: Structuring Opportunities for Racial Wealth Building and Family Well-Being
Authors: Boguslaw Janet , Brice Tanya Smith
Published: September 2021

Policies and practices of the 19th and 20th centuries have had a lasting impact into this century. This is most evident when examining racialized wealth inequality between Black and White families. This study of low-income employee owners examines the following questions: (1) Does employee ownership reduce the racial wealth gap? (2) How does employee ownership reduce the racial wealth gap, and (3) To what effect does employee ownership reduce the racial wealth gap? Findings indicate employee ownership impacts wealth building, advancement opportunities, and family economic security among Black employees and other marginalized populations. Policy and practice implications to advance employee ownership to address racial wealth inequality are highlighted.
Household Language Barriers, Community Language Resources, and Asset Ownership Among Immigrants and Refugees in Western New York: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Nam Yunju , Richards-Desai Sarah , Zeng Yingying
Published: September 2021

While English proficiency is recognized as a main determinant of immigrants’ and refugees’ economic success, the role of community language resources is rarely examined. This mixed-methods study investigates how community language resources, defined as the percentage of adults fluent in English among those speaking the same language, affect asset ownership among immigrants and refugees. Using American Community Survey data, quantitative analyses suggest community language resources facilitate homeownership among immigrant households with a language barrier. Neither the household- nor community-level language variable is significantly associated with vehicle or income-generating asset ownership. Qualitative interviews reveal language-related challenges to buying a house and roles of community resources. Findings call for policies and programs that mobilize community resources for those with limited English proficiency.
Categorizing Online Climate Change Interpretation Across the National Park System
Authors: Roberts Ryan , Holly Matt , Perez Larry
Published: September 2021

Climate change effects are evident across the National Park System, and units are encouraged to provide proactive, meaningful interpretation on the issue to cultivate informed partners and encourage collaborative stewardship. But climate change is not currently interpreted across all units of the National Park System. Anecdotal observations suggest some units highly prioritize the topic, while others do not. Thus, we conducted an assessment of current online climate change interpretation across the National Park System as one means of quantifying park engagement.

Results suggest that—of the 391 units included in the analysis—37% interpreted climate change in some manner online as of February, 2019. Though our method of analysis does not fully describe park interpretive efforts, our findings provide a baseline measure of online interpretation and help to prioritize future training and support. Furthermore, our work provides a minimally intensive approach for future assessment of online climate change interpretation.
Structural performance of sandwich wall made of concrete cast in between GFRP facings
Authors: Sylaj Valon , Fam Amir
Published: September 2021

The structural performance of concrete walls reinforced with pultruded glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) ribbed plates on either side has been experimentally investigated. The GFRP plates were used as a stay-in-place (SIP) structural formwork replacing internal steel reinforcement. The pultruded flat plates incorporated 51 mm deep T-shape ribs on one side, spaced at 100 mm, which provided interlocking with concrete. Six 3000 × 616 mm panels, either 150 or 200 mm thick, were tested in bending ( M), under axial compression ( N) and under combined loads to establish the completed ( M- N) failure envelope of the wall. The effect of surface treatment of the GFRP forms was also investigated. It resulted in full composite action with no concrete slip, reaching 30% higher flexural strength than untreated panels. The effect of reinforcement ratio was studied by varying wall thickness. In all panel tests, diagonal concrete shear cracking occurred and propagated into a horizontal delamination above the GFRP ribs. Slenderness effect and secondary moments were accounted for in developing the ( M- N) interaction curve. Initially, M increased by 25% as N increased from zero to 17% of pure axial strength. Then, M reduced linearly to zero at pure N as concrete crushing occurred when the GFRP compression plate separated from the ribs and buckled outwards at midspan. A simplified design approach is also presented.