bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimize BER Offset QPSK Baseband Modulation-Demodulation featuring AWGN and OFDM
Authors: Adhiguna Mohammad Hakim , Nugroho Prapto , Wibowo Sigit Basuki
Published: May 2023

In communication system, being fastest not always the best option because of much great error probabilities. Complex architecture also cost high for the component maintenances. An optimal OQPSK modem is provide for friendly use and affordable model in academic purposes. The proposed method is moderate way with twice data size than the conventional method, but error calculation is exactly constant. Good and optimal BER measurements from simulated binary data useful for academic learning purpose.
Traffic Light Design with Infrared Sensors
Authors: Sulistyo Meiyanto Eko , Adriyanto Feri , Ihsanti Royani Aulia
Published: May 2023

The development of Traffic Light Design with Infrared Sensors is done to accommodate about how many vehicles may pass through each lane in inersections. The traffic light is using infrared sensors at each lane to measure the density of vehicles. Infrared sensor then sends those data to micro-SD card module to be stored. Arduino Mega will receive data from infrared and real-time clock module about how many vehicles and what time they were counted to then display it on liquid crystal display. A detailed description of each component, the architecture and system design of prototype has been provided. The system prototype has been simulated in Fritzing simulation software.
Design of Microhydro Power Plants Based on Load Flow and Short Circuit Study Using ETAP: A Case Study in East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Apribowo Chico Hermanu Brillianto , Nizam Muhammad , Ramelan Agus , Maghfiroh Hari , Vici Yunitasari Aulia
Published: May 2023

This study was conducted to determine the feasibility level of the microhydro power plant development plan in Ngentep Village for the Off Grid On Grid system system and Sarangan Lake, Magetan Regency, East Java. The methodology used includes field survey activities, hydrological analysis, power and energy calculations, mechanical and electrical equipment planning, and technical analysis. In this system there are 4 study cases, including the Off Grid system in Ngntep, the Off Grid system with Hybrid in Ngentep, the On Grid system in Sarangan Lake and the on grid system with hybrid in Sarangan Lake. The results showed that the water discharge was able to generate minimal power in Sarangan Lake and Ngentep, 1.59kW and 1.18kW respectively. Power value for the On Grid system with a value of 1,598 kW. While the power value for Off Grid is 0.072 kW. And has a power factor of up to 99.7% but this is very helpful for the community, especially those in remote rural areas and suppliers in tourist areas. As for the current value in the On Grid system is 2.126 kA and for the Off Grid system it is 1.0209 kA. 
Transitioning to residency: a qualitative study exploring residents' perspectives on strategies for adapting to residency
Authors: Galema Gerbrich , Brouwer Jasperina , Bouwkamp-Timmer Tineke , Jaarsma Debbie , Wietasch Götz , Duvivier Robbert
Published: May 2023

Background Despite the widespread use of preparation courses, residents still experience the transition from student to resident as problematic and stressful. Although this transition highly depends on the organization residents work for, only a few studies address individual and organizational strategies that help them adapt. We need this information to optimize transitions and improve onboarding programs and faculty development initiatives. This study explores residents’ experiences with their own and other health care professionals’ strategies to help them adapt to residency, and residents’ perceptions of the impact of other health care professionals’ strategies on their own adaptation efforts.Methods We conducted a qualitative interview study with 16 residents from different hospital-based specialties in the Netherlands. To identify residents’ perceptions of their own and other healthcare professionals’ strategies, we used a template analysis based on the individual and organizational tactics originating from the theory of Organizational Socialization. In this study, we defined other healthcare professionals as residents, supervisors, nurses and advanced practice providers.Results Residents experienced five individual and six organizational strategies. When engaging in social interaction with other healthcare professionals, residents used individual strategies such as asking questions and establishing social relationships to learn how to behave in their roles as doctors and members of the healthcare team. They experienced different strategies from other healthcare professionals, which we clustered into interactional (between healthcare professionals and residents) and systemic strategies (functioning of the system around residents’ training program). These strategies facilitated or hindered residents’ own adaptation efforts. We found differences in perceptions of whether a specific strategy was facilitating or hindering. Some residents, for example, perceived the lack of a role model as facilitating, while others perceived it as hindering.Conclusion Residents felt that smooth transitions require strategic approaches from both residents and other healthcare professionals. They used individual strategies to learn how to perform new tasks, behave appropriately and understand their roles in relation to those of other healthcare professionals. We distinguished interactive and systemic organizational strategies. Organizational strategies positively or negatively affected residents’ own adaptation efforts. We found differences in perceptions of whether specific organizational strategies worked, depending on residents’ individual needs.
Study on the time conversion method of early warning indicators of flash flood disaster: A case of Qufu City, Shandong Province
Authors: Teng Xiaomin , Li Wanglin , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Wang Wansheng
Published: May 2023

To solve the problem of imperfect flash flood warning indicators in mountainous watersheds, this study proposes a conversion method of critical rainfall for different warning periods on the basis of the existing stormwater calculation formulae and applies it to typical mountainous watersheds. The specific method is to use the multiplicative power function method to interpolate and extend the early warning indicators of other time periods through the known early warning indicators of some time periods, apply them to Hengmiao Village and Gaolou Village, typical disaster prevention objects in Qufu City, Shandong Province, China, and verify the rationality of the results. The results show that the multiplicative power function method interpolates and extends the early warning indexes of 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h under the same soil moisture condition. Based on the historical actual mountain flood disaster rainfall, the correlation coefficient R2 and Nash coefficient Ens are calculated to be 0.85 and 0.86, respectively, which verifies the applicability of this method. This study provides a convenient and quick way to unify the time series of regional early warning indicators and a feasible way for other regions to study regional overall early warning.
importance of early financial literacy management skills
Authors: Sabirin Sabirin , Benius Benius , Neneng Sunaryo , Nurwati Solikah , Hendrayati Sri Lestari
Published: May 2023

The significance of early financial literacy and management abilities for economic development is the subject of this research paper. The study identifies the challenges and opportunities of promoting financial literacy at a young age and the advantages of financial literacy education for individuals and society. According to the findings, financial education for children and adolescents can boost economic growth and stability and enhance financial outcomes like increased wealth and financial security. However, providing financial education faces difficulties, including the requirement of additional resources and specialized teachers. According to the study, financial literacy can be promoted in several ways, including incorporating financial education into the school curriculum, offering parents financial education programs, and creating incentives for financial institutions to provide education.
Nutritional content and sensory properties of sere kedele from various producers in Gianyar Regency, Bali
Authors: Wipradnyadewi P. A. S , Sugitha I. M. , Gunam I. B. W , Nocianitri K. A.
Published: May 2023

Sere kedele is a traditional food from fermented soybeans produced by people on the southeast coast of Bali. The purpose of this study was to determine the nutritional content and sensory properties of sere kedele from various producers in Gianyar Regency. The survey results showed that in Gianyar Regency there are 4 producers of sere kedele, namely 2 producers in Blabatuh Village (Banjar Pokas and Banjar Teruna), 1 producer in Sukawati Village and 1 producer in Buruan Village. Sere kedele products were sampled from all producers and then analyzed for its nutritional content and sensory properties. The design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 replications. The results of the analysis showed that the water content of sere kedele ranged from 57.68% to 60.84%, ash content from 2.24% to 3.06%, fat content from 7.84% to 12.40%, dissolved protein content from 2.18% to 4.30%, carbohydrate content from 22.77% to 26.51%, glutamic acid content from 0.52 % to 6.97 % , total microbes from 10.78 log cfu/ml to 11.50 log cfu/ml, total lactic acid bacteria from 10.54 log cfu/ml to  10.77 log cfu/ml.
Pneumatic Conveying
Authors: Meylan Michael , Bissaker Edward , Orozovic Ognjen , Georgiou Fillipe , Marsh Tomas , Hill James , McGuinness Mark , Sweatman Winston , Thamwattana Ngamta
Published: May 2023

Pneumatic conveying is the transportation of bulk solids in enclosed pipelines via a carrier gas, typically air.  The local flow pattern in a pipeline is a function of the conditions, and slug flow can form under certain conditions. Slug flow is a naturally occurring, wave-like flow where the bulk material travels along the pipeline in distinct `slugs'.  Establishing the environment for the formation of slugs within the conveying system is essential to maximise the overall system efficiency and minimise damage to the bulk material.  MISG2021 considered a wide range of mathematical approaches to slug formation and travel. These two key problem areas have the most significant potential to impact the system design and efficiency.  Critical interconnected facets of pneumatic conveying systems were investigated and an overview for future work was developed.  Many of the avenues uncovered during the MISG2021 require more time for in-depth analysis. This analysis and framework will aid in optimising conveying system design and provide insight to construct more efficient pneumatic conveying systems.
Cocreating an Automated mHealth Apps Systematic Review Process With Generative AI: Design Science Research Approach (Preprint)
Authors: Giunti Guido , Doherty Colin P
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND

The use of mobile devices for delivering health-related services (mobile health [mHealth]) has rapidly increased, leading to a demand for summarizing the state of the art and practice through systematic reviews. However, the systematic review process is a resource-intensive and time-consuming process. Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a potential solution to automate tedious tasks.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore the feasibility of using generative AI tools to automate time-consuming and resource-intensive tasks in a systematic review process and assess the scope and limitations of using such tools.

METHODS

We used the design science research methodology. The solution proposed is to use cocreation with a generative AI, such as ChatGPT, to produce software code that automates the process of conducting systematic reviews.

RESULTS

A triggering prompt was generated, and assistance from the generative AI was used to guide the steps toward developing, executing, and debugging a Python script. Errors in code were solved through conversational exchange with ChatGPT, and a tentative script was created. The code pulled the mHealth solutions from the Google Play Store and searched their descriptions for keywords that hinted toward evidence base. The results were exported to a CSV file, which was compared to the initial outputs of other similar systematic review processes.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrates the potential of using generative AI to automate the time-consuming process of conducting systematic reviews of mHealth apps. This approach could be particularly useful for researchers with limited coding skills. However, the study has limitations related to the design science research methodology, subjectivity bias, and the quality of the search results used to train the language model.
Improving the Quality of Teaching Physical Education Courses at Universities
Authors: Thanh Nguyen Huu , Viet Chau To Thi , Ha To Thai
Published: May 2023

This manuscript explores the advantages and limitations of teaching physical education courses at universities and proposes strategies to enhance the quality of teaching. The advantages of improving the quality of physical education teaching include flexible selection of sports subjects, enhancing positive attitudes towards learning, continuous development and improvement of lecturers, testing and evaluation standards, and innovative teaching methods. The limitations identified are limited curriculum content, teaching plans dependent on weather conditions, limited lecturer team, and lack of motivation among some students. To enhance the quality of teaching physical education, the manuscript proposes enhancing the role and significance of physical education in universities and adjusting and improving the content of the physical education program through innovative teaching methods, such as introducing new elective subjects, adapting teaching content and methods to student needs, and promoting interdisciplinary collaboration between departments.
Whether the Establishment of Pilot Free Trade Zones Improves Urban Carbon Emission Efficiency: An Analysis Based on Difference-in-Difference Model
Authors: Tian Jinling
Published: May 2023

Pilot free trade zones are the key to achieving green and sustainable economic development and promoting high-level protection of the ecological environment. Based on the panel data of 282 cities from 2006 to 2018, this paper uses the non-radial DDF model to measure the urban carbon emission efficiency based on the establishment of pilot free trade zones, and establishes a double differential model to empirically analyze the impact of the establishment of pilot free trade zones on urban carbon emission efficiency and the impact mechanism therein. The results show that the establishment of pilot free trade zones can significantly promote the improvement of urban carbon emission efficiency, and this conclusion is still valid after a series of robustness tests such as PSM-DID and excluding other policy interference. Its mechanism analysis shows that the establishment of pilot free trade zones mainly affects urban carbon emission efficiency by improving urban energy efficiency and technical level, and promoting the optimization and upgrading of urban industrial structure. This paper provides useful policy enlightenment for promoting the green development of pilot free trade zones, achieving economic efficiency improvement and carbon emission reduction.
Breastfeeding and factors associated with the prevention of childhood obesity: An integrative literature review
Authors: Pinto Ana Caroline Corrêa , Alves Layla Sandia Cezário , Machado Paula Mikaelly Pinheiro , Costa Juliana Carvalho da , Ohaze Kaory Brito , Andrade Roseani da Silva , Silva Vânia Maria Barboza da , Silva Luísa Margareth Carneiro da
Published: May 2023

Introduction: In recent years, it has been observed that the prevalence of breastfeeding (BF) is below the standards established by the World Health Organization (WHO) and childhood obesity rates have shown exponential growth. The correlation between both is the subject of studies, since it is possible to analyze the benefits of BF in the prevention of childhood obesity. The aim of the present study was to identify and describe evidence about the correlation between breastfeeding and protection/prevention against childhood obesity. Method: This is a qualitative research with the application of integrative literature review standards, in order to obtain evidence from various types of studies on the researched topic. A search was carried out for scientific articles available in electronic media, published in the last five years, from April to mid-May 2022. Results: 140 articles were found, of which 10 were selected after analysis, according to research criteria. Conclusion: There is a direct relationship between the practice of breastfeeding and the prevention of overweight, especially when the offer is exclusive up to 6 months. The duration of breastfeeding has an influence on overweight and obesity protection.
Effect of Extract Euphorbia hirta Linn. Against Leaf and Fruit Pests on Plants Cucumber (Cucumis sativus Linn.)
Authors: Sari Desi Pramida , Warnita Warnita , Muhsanati Muhsanati
Published: May 2023

Soybean (Glycine max (L) Merril) is one of the agricultural commodities to help the food crop of the Indonesian people. Soybeans are one of the commodities that support the implementation of food crop diversification programs and support national food crop security. Increasing soybean productivity in ultisols can be done through liming using eggshell powder. This experiment has been implemented at Jalan Muhammad Hatta, RT 02, RW 08, Pauh, Padang, West Sumatera from October 2020 to March 2021. The purpose is to get the best eggshell powder dose to increase the growth and yield of the soybean on ultisol. The experiment method uses a complete random design (RAL) with 5 levels of eggshell powder treatment 0; 25; 50; 75; 100 g / plant. Data on the observation are analyzed statistically with the F test at a 5% level. If the F count of treatment is greater than the F table, proceed by the test DNMRT at α level of 5% level. The results showed the use of eggshell powder affected the growth and yield of soybean in ultisol to a dose is 25 g /plant.
Limitations of Cyborg feminism in India and Misinterpretation of feminism in Western Cyborg science fiction movies in the light of Haraway’s The Cyborg Manifesto
Authors: Dalvin Nesie
Published: May 2023

In the light Donna Haraway’s work The Cyborg Manifesto this paper analyses the difficulties of adapting Cyborg model of feminism in a developing country like India. Initially the concept of cyborg feminism (Bell, 108) as introduced by Haraway is used to analyse the implicit ideology of Western cyborg science fiction movies. Through the analysis of popular western cyborg movies like Alita: Battle Angel (2019) and Blade Runner 2049 (2017), the absence of gender duality in cyborg world as predicted by Donna Haraway is proved wrong. Later the concept of cyborg feminism in the present society is shown to be inadequate showing the glass ceiling effect and how technology is sided with patriarchy. Finally the limitation of Cyborg feminism especially in a third world country like India is revealed considering its historical, political and cultural diversity. Socialist feminism and identity politics is more essential in the present society than a foreseeing women’s liberation in a technically developed future.
Yoga Pose Detection
Authors: Nagargoje Shrinivas , Shinde Adesh , Tapadiya Pranav , Shinde Om , Devkar Prof. Anita
Published: May 2023

Abstract: This paper describes a real-time yoga pose detection system that can accurately classify and detect yoga poses in images using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and OpenPose. By using OpenPose, the system generates a 3D joint map of the person's body, which is then used as input for linear regression to detect the individual yoga pose. The system is suitable for real-time applications, and is expected to be used in fitness centers, yoga studios, and even for personal use. Additionally, the system can also be used to track the progress of yoga practitioners, allowing them to analyze their performance and improve their practice. Furthermore, the proposed system is expected to benefit the yoga industry by providing a low- cost, efficient, and accurate means to detect poses.
IOT based Smart Ceiling Technique for Meeting Hall
Authors: R Prasad S , C Ramya K , V Shabareesha B , N Manjunatha N , Reddy Kotireddy Keerthi , Gadiyar H Manoj T
Published: May 2023

Abstract: This design is proposed using temperature sensor for automation of meeting hall using Arduino, with Internet of Things (IoT) for homes. Now a day there are various requirements of common man. IoT is going to play essential role in application such as smart home, industry, smart cities, we are implementing smart module for controlling fan speed based on room temperature and also making turn on or off fan by using IR sensor is connected to Arduino.ESP8266 wi-fi shows the current status of project in blynk app.
Virtual Try-On System using Machine Learning
Authors: Bhojne Prof. Nilesh , Gaikwad Dhanashree , Bankar Abhishek , Shimpi Sahil , Patil Kunal
Published: May 2023

Abstract: This paper proposes a virtual try-on system forapparel shopping that generates high-resolution virtualization without pixel disruption. The system employs a Parser Free Appearance Flow Network, which simultaneously warps clothes and generates segmentation while exchanging information. The proposed methodologyoutperforms existing virtual fitting methods at 192 x 256 resolution, as demonstrated by the Fréchet inception distance (FID) performance metric. The system's technical specifications, software and hardware requirements, and user interface design are presented in detail. The proposed methodology achieves realistic try-on images and high- quality virtual try-on images in real-time. Future research areas include the incorporation of personalized measurements and the development of more accurate bodymodels.
Fire Detection with Image Processing
Authors: Naik Prof. Shruti P , Lohbande Vishal , Hambir Shreyas , Korade Rohit , Hatkar Rahul
Published: May 2023

Abstract: Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have yielded state-of-theart performance in image classification and other computer vision tasks. Their application in fire detection systems will substantially improve detection accuracy, which will eventually minimize fire disasters and reduce the ecological and social ramifications. However, the major concern with CNNbased fire detection systems is their implementation in realworld surveillance networks, due to their high memory and computational requirements for inference. In this paper, we propose an original, energy-friendly, and computationally efficient CNN architecture, inspired by the SqueezeNet architecture for fire detection, localization, and semantic understanding of the scene of the fire. It uses smaller convolutional kernels and contains no dense, fully connected layers, which helps keep the computational requirements to a minimum. Despite its low computational needs, the experimental results demonstrate that our proposed solution achieves accuracies that are comparable to other, more complex models, mainly due to its increased depth. Moreover, this paper shows how a tradeoff can be reached between fire detection accuracy and efficiency, by considering the specific characteristics of the problem of interest and the variety of fire data
Effects of Leader Perfectionism on Employee Innovative Behavior: Chain Mediating Role of Perceived Control and Emotional Exhaustion
Authors: Xiong Li , Zhang Haifeng
Published: May 2023

This study explored from both cognitive and affective perspectives the mechanism involved in the internal effect of leader perfectionism on employee innovative behavior. Our goal was to disentangle the possible differential effects. A set of 254 leader–subordinate dyads completed
a two-stage questionnaire, and the results revealed that leader perfectionism was negatively related to employee innovative behavior. Further, perceived control and emotional exhaustion played a chain mediating role in this association. By revealing the influence path of leader perfectionism
on employee innovative behavior, this study enriches the literature and has practical significance for improving the leadership effectiveness of perfectionistic leaders.
Consumer Decision Mechanism of Plywood Printed Clothing
Authors: Wei Yilin , Deng Kehui
Published: May 2023

Taking plywood printed garments as an example of a Chinese intangible cultural heritage product, we investigated the influence of customer participation on purchase intention for these garments. We collected data from 317 customers and developed a structural equation model to assess
the mediating role of cultural identity in this relationship. The results showed there was a significant positive relationship between customer participation and purchase intention, which was mediated by cultural identity. Our findings enhance understanding of the relationships among customer
participation, cultural identity, and purchase intention for intangible cultural heritage products. The findings also provide practical suggestions for companies seeking to increase consumer purchase intention for these products.
Relationship Between Social Support and Employment Anxiety Among Art Education Students: Self-Efficacy as a Mediator
Authors: Zhang Bingyu , Wang Hongyue , Mei Rong
Published: May 2023

We investigated the effect of social support on employment anxiety among 217 art education college students in China and assessed the mediating role of selfefficacy in this relationship. The results showed that social support was significantly negatively correlated with employment anxiety.
In addition, selfefficacy mediated the relationship between social support and employment anxiety. Our findings enhance understanding of the relationships between social support, employment anxiety, and self-efficacy among students in the context of higher education in China. The results also
provide practical insights for educators to prevent students' employment anxiety. Directions for future research are suggested.
Has Perceived Corporate Social Responsibility Attracted Job Seekers During the Covid-19 Pandemic?
Authors: Li Hongyan , Duan Xianxian , Fu Qiang
Published: May 2023

The traditional corporate employment relationship in China has changed under the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, but how to attract core talent remains an urgent challenge for companies to address. Using the stereotype content model, we constructed a moderated mediation model to explore
the mechanism and boundary conditions of the effect of perceived corporate social responsibility (CSR) on job seekers. We conducted two mock recruitment experiments with Chinese undergraduates and graduates who were seeking jobs, and found that perceived CSR significantly and positively affected
organizational attractiveness, and that the relationship between perceptions of warmth and competence and CSR were mediated by corporate nature. These findings provide guidance and suggestions for managers to carry out CSR and for human resource recruitment practices in the postpandemic era.
Will I Lose My Hair? Big Five Personality Traits and Hair Loss Via Scalp Sweating
Authors: Yun Mansik
Published: May 2023

In this research I developed a mediation model in which individuals' personality traits according to the five-factor model (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience) predict hair loss via scalp sweat. To test the proposed model I used archival
data obtained from 472 people (157 men and 315 women) living in Germany. It was found that scalp sweat mediated (a) the negative relationship between conscientiousness and hair loss and (b) the positive relationship between neuroticism and hair loss. Results also showed that gender moderated
the association between neuroticism and scalp sweat, such that the relationship between neuroticism and hair loss was stronger for men than it was for women. On the basis of the assumption that personality traits can play a critical role in interpreting the surrounding environment, this study
is first to test the relationship between the five-factor model and hair loss via scalp sweat (a physiological response to a stressful environment).
The Influence of Bank Performance, Market Condition and Economic Growth on Non-Performing Loans
Authors: Ferreira Candida
Published: May 2023

The paper contributes to the literature on the determinants of non-performing loans by applying panel fixed effects and dynamic Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) estimations to a relatively large panel of 80 countries over the period 1999-2017. The paper considers three categories of explanatory variables; bank-level, industry-level, and macroeconomic-level. The bank-level variables highlight the relevance of bank profitability and efficiency to avoid non-performing loans. The industry-level variables, for the entire period and particularly after the onset of the Global Financial Crisis (years 2009-2017), show that bank market concentration promoted non-performing loans, while bank market competition and bank stability did not contribute to increasing non-performing loans. The macroeconomic-level variable, real per capita gross domestic product, provides very convincing evidence that promoting economic growth looks like the best way to avoid non-performing loans. Analyses with different sub-samples show that the determinants of non-performing loans are not particularly dependent on the level of income of the country.
Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation Induced Parasympathetic Activation modulates experimental pain as assessed with the nociceptive withdrawal reflex
Authors: Yokota Hirotake , Edama Mutsuaki , Kawanabe Yurika , Hirabayashi Ryo , Sekine Chie , Akuzawa Hiroshi , Ishigaki Tomonobu , Otsuru Naofumi , Saito Kei , Kojima Sho , Miyaguchi Shota , Onishi Hideaki
Published: May 2023

The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of transcutaneous vagus
nerve stimulation (tVNS) to the left cymba concha on the pain perception
using nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR), which is known to be
associated with chronic pain, and to investigate whether tVNS-induced
suppression of the NWR and parasympathetic activation is correlated. We
applied either 3.0 mA, 100 Hz tVNS for 120 s in the left cymba concha
(tVNS condition) or the left earlobe (Sham condition) for twenty healthy
adults. NWR threshold was measured before (Baseline), immediately after
(Post 0), 10 min (Post 10) and 30 min after (Post 30) stimulation. The
NWR threshold was obtained from biceps femoris muscle by applying
electrical stimulation to the sural nerve. During tVNS,
electrocardiograph was recorded, and changes in autonomic nervous
activity were analyzed. We found that the NWR thresholds at Post 10 and
Post 30 increased compared to baseline in the tVNS group (10 min after:
p = 0.048 30 min after: p = 0.037). In addition, increased
parasympathetic activity by tVNS correlated with a greater increase in
NWR threshold at Post 10 and Post 30 (Post 10: p = 0.01; Post 30: p =
0.005). The present results demonstrate the pain-suppressing effect of
tVNS as assessed with NWR threshold and suggest that the degree of
parasympathetic activation during tVNS may predict the effect of tVNS
after its application.
A copybook multimodal imaging in a case of aortic root abscess -- computed tomography, surgical and intraoperative echocardiography imaging
Authors: Babu Saravana , Brahmam Dodda , Menon Sabarinath , Koshy Thomas
Published: May 2023

Aortic root abscess formation is one of the most dangerous complications
of infective endocarditis. It can occur in both native and prosthetic
heart valves. Treatment includes a multidisciplinary team approach
focusing on antibiotic coverage and adequate surgical treatment. The
surgical repair is extremely challenging in these subset of patients due
to fragile tissue and involvement of adjacent cardiac structures. We
report a case of aortic root abscess where the preoperative computed
tomography and intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography imaging
described the exact anatomical details and demarcated the extension of
the abscess cavity which helped in a successful surgical repair.
Explainable deep learning for improved real-time monitoring of a chromatographic protein A capture step
Authors: Scharl Theresa , Medl Matthias , Leisch Friedrich , Dürauer Astrid
Published: May 2023

Model-based real-time monitoring of biopharmaceutical production is a
major step towards Quality-by-Design in this field and the fundament for
model predictive control. Data-driven models have been proven a viable
option to model bioprocesses. In the high stakes setting of
biopharmaceutical manufacturing it is essential to ensure high model
accuracy, robustness and explainability. That is only possible when (i)
the data used for modeling is of high quality, (ii) state-of-the-art
modeling algorithms are employed and (iii) the input-output mapping of
the model has been characterized. In this study we evaluate the accuracy
of multiple data-driven models in predicting the monoclonal antibody
concentration, dsDNA concentration, host cell protein concentration, and
high molecular weight impurity content during elution from a protein A
chromatography capture step. We demonstrate how
permutation/occlusion-based methods can be used to gain understanding on
dependencies learned by of one of the most complex data-driven models;
convolutional neural network ensembles. Finally, we present a workflow
to test the model behavior in case of simulated sensor fouling and
failure. This study represents a major step towards improved viability
of data-driven models in biopharmaceutical manufacturing.
The response of stomatal conductance to vapor pressure deficit over global wheat areas in CMIP6 warming projections
Authors: Montes Carlo , Schulthess Urs , Reynolds Matthew
Published: May 2023

Climate change is expected to alter the conditions in which plants
develop. The mechanisms by which plants can adapt to changing conditions
must be studied in terms of the magnitude of their response and the
implications for productivity. Recognizing wheat as a main crop
sustaining global livelihoods as well as the need for long-term
adaptation strategies to climate change, this work assesses the response
of wheat stomatal conductance (gs) to changes in vapor pressure deficit
(VPD) associated with global warming in three future scenarios from the
Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6). We used multiple
datasets and a modeling approach to estimate gs as a function of
atmospheric variables only over global wheat areas. The results show a
sustained increase in both temperature and VPD in the historical period
and future CMIP6 scenarios, and a generalized decrease in wheat gs that
becomes clear from around the year 2040. The pattern of change is
spatially divergent, with areas that present increases in relation to
the historical average, which mostly concentrate towards high latitudes.
Negative trends in gs area mainly observed in North America, Southern
Europe, North Africa and Asia. Notwithstanding, the proportion of areas
of positive change in gs tend to decrease in warmer climate scenarios.
gs is more sensitive to changes in VPD than to global warming, which
implies that the areas of negative trends in gs could expand to higher
latitudes. These results may assist the regional focus of long-term
wheat adaptation programs to climate change.
Assessment of Global Ocean Biogeochemistry Models for Ocean Carbon Sink Estimates in RECCAP2 and Recommendations for Future Studies
Authors: Terhaar Jens , Goris Nadine , Müller Jens Daniel , DeVries Timothy , Gruber Nicolas , Hauck Judith , Pérez Fiz F. , Séférian Roland
Published: May 2023

The ocean is a major carbon sink and takes up 25-30% of the
anthropogenically emitted CO2. A state-of-the-art method to quantify
this sink are global ocean biogeochemistry models (GOBMs) but their
simulated CO2 uptake differs between models and is systematically lower
than estimates based on statistical methods using surface ocean pCO2 and
interior ocean measurements. Here, we provide an in-depth evaluation of
ocean carbon sink estimates from 1980 to 2018 from a GOBM ensemble. As
sources of inter-model differences and ensemble-mean biases our study
identifies the (i) model set-up, such as the length of the spin-up, the
starting date of the simulation, and carbon fluxes from rivers and into
sediments, (ii) the ocean circulation, such as Atlantic Meridional
Overturning Circulation and Southern Ocean mode and intermediate water
formation, and (iii) the oceanic buffer capacity. Our analysis suggests
that the late starting date and biases in the ocean circulation cause a
too low anthropogenic CO2 uptake across the GOBM ensemble. Surface ocean
biogeochemistry biases might also cause simulated anthropogenic fluxes
to be too low but the current set-up prevents a robust assessment. For
simulations of the ocean carbon sink, we recommend in the short-term to
(1) start simulations in 1765, when atmospheric CO2 started to increase,
(2) conduct a sufficiently long spin-up such that the GOBMs reach
steady-state, and (3) provide key metrics for circulation,
biogeochemistry, and the land-ocean interface. In the long-term, we
recommend improving the representation of these metrics in the GOBMs.
Future global population exposure to record-breaking climate extremes
Authors: Li Bohao , Liu Kai , Wang Ming , Wang Qianzhi , He Qian , Li Chenxia
Published: May 2023

The increase in record-breaking extreme events caused by climate change
poses a threat to human health and well-being; understanding the future
impacts of such events on global populations can provide decision-making
support for policies aiming to mitigate climate change. Here, we
investigated the population exposure to eight climate extreme indices
and drivers of exposure trajectories based on NASA Earth Exchange Global
Daily Downscaled Projections Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6
(CMIP6) and population projection data under four shared socioeconomic
pathway (SSP) scenarios at a spatial resolution of 0.25°×0.25°. The
results show that by the mid-21st century, most regions around the
world, especially Africa and South America, will continue to experience
record-breaking temperatures and compound drought and heatwaves (CDHWs).
Regarding population exposure, under the worst-case scenario of SSP3-7.0
in the late 21st century, the mean value of the multimodel median
expected annual exposure (EAE) of all extreme temperature indices and
CDHW reaches 8.79 billion persons per year; population exposure hotspots
will be concentrated in Central Africa, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and
East Asia, mostly in developing countries, where 62.77%-87.42% of the
EAE is found. The drivers of exposure trajectories are spatially
heterogeneous; the increase in record-breaking probability contributes
more than population growth to EAE growth in most regions of the world
except Central Asia, the Middle East, and most of Africa. These findings
highlight the necessity of using various climate extreme indices to
reveal spatiotemporal patterns of population exposure, which can provide
references for future adaptation decisions and risk management.
Parameterizing mesoscale eddy buoyancy transport over sloping topography
Authors: Nummelin Aleksi , Isachsen Pål Erik
Published: May 2023

Most of the ocean’s kinetic energy is contained within the mesoscale
eddy field. Models that do not resolve these eddies tend to parameterize
their impacts through down-gradient transport of buoyancy and tracers,
aiming to reduce the large-scale available potential energy and spread
tracers. However, the parameterizations used in the ocean components of
current generation Earth System Models (ESMs) rely on an assumption of a
flat ocean floor even though observations and high-resolution modelling
show that eddy transport is sensitive to the potential vorticity
gradients associated with a sloping sea floor. We show that buoyancy
diffusivity diagnosed from idealized eddy-resolving simulations is
indeed reduced over both prograde and retrograde bottom slopes
(topographic wave propagation along or against the mean flow,
respectively) and that the reduction can be skilfully captured by mixing
length parameterization by introducing the topographic Rhines scale as a
length scale. This modified ‘GM’ parameterization enhances the strength
of thermal wind currents over the slopes in coarse-resolution,
non-eddying, simulations. We find that in realistic global
coarse-resolution simulations the impact of topography is most
pronounced at high latitudes, enhancing the mean flow strength and
reducing temperature and salinity biases. Reducing buoyancy
diffusivities further with a mean-flow dependent eddy efficiency factor
has notable effects also at lower latitudes and leads to reduction of
global mean biases.
A case study of the solar and lunar semidiurnal tide response to the 2013 sudden stratospheric warming
Authors: Caspel Willem Elias van , Espy Patrick Joseph , Hibbins Robert E. , Stober Gunter , Brown Peter G. , Jacobi Christoph , Kero Johan
Published: May 2023

This study investigates the response of the semidiurnal tide (SDT) to
the 2013 major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event using meteor
radar wind observations and mechanistic tidal model simulations. In the
model, the background atmosphere is constrained to meteorological fields
from the Navy Global Environmental Model - High Altitude analysis
system. The solar (thermal) and lunar (gravitational) SDT components are
forced by incorporating hourly global temperature tendency fields from
the ERA5 forecast model, and by specifying the M2 and N2 lunar
gravitational potentials, respectively. The simulated SDT response is
compared against meteor wind observations from the CMOR (43.3◦N,
80.8◦W), Collm (51.3◦N, 13.0◦E), and Kiruna (67.5◦N, 20.1◦E) radars,
showing close agreement with the observed amplitude and phase
variability. Numerical experiments investigate the individual roles of
the solar and lunar SDT components in shaping the net SDT response.
Further experiments isolate the impact of changing propagation
conditions through the zonal mean background atmosphere, non-linear
wave-wave interactions, and the SSW-induced stratospheric ozone
redistribution. Results indicate that between 80-97 km altitude in the
northern hemisphere mid-to-high latitudes the net SDT response is driven
by the solar SDT component, which itself is shaped by changing
propagation conditions through the zonal mean background atmosphere and
by non-linear wave-wave interactions. In addition, it is demonstrated
that as a result of the rapidly varying solar SDT during the SSW the
contribution of the lunar SDT to the total measured tidal field can be
significantly overestimated.
Wind conditions in category 1-3 tropical cyclones can exceed wind turbine design standards
Authors: Gomez Miguel Sanchez , Lundquist Julie K. , Deskos Georgios , Arwade Sanjay R , Myers Andrew T , Hajjar Jerome F
Published: May 2023

Offshore wind energy deployment in the US is expected to increase in the
years to come, with proposed wind farm sites located in regions with
high-risk for tropical cyclones. Yet, the wind turbine design criteria
outlined by the International Electrotechnical Commission for extreme
events may not account for the severe wind conditions in tropical
cyclones, even the weaker storms that are likely to reach mid-Atlantic
wind resource areas. To evaluate if current design standards capture the
extreme conditions of these storms, we perform idealized large-eddy
simulations of five tropical cyclones (two category-1, two category-2,
and one category-3 storms) using the Weather Research and Forecasting
model. Wind conditions near the eyewall of category-1, category-2 and
category-3 storms can exceed current design standards for offshore wind
turbines. Hub-height winds can exceed design criteria for Class I and
Class T turbines for 50-year recurrence periods. Moreover, wind speed
shear across the turbine rotor layer is larger than assumed in design
specifications. Vertical variations in wind direction across the turbine
rotor layer are also large for tropical cyclones of all intensity
levels, suggesting design standards should include veer, which can
amplify loads in wind turbines.
Southern Ocean low cloud and precipitation phase observed during the Macquarie Island Cloud and Radiation Experiment (MICRE)
Authors: Tansey Emily , Marchand Roger T , Alexander Simon Peter , Klekociuk Andrew R. , Protat Alain
Published: May 2023

Shallow cloud decks residing in or near the boundary layer cover a large
fraction of the Southern Ocean (SO) and play a major role in determining
the amount of shortwave radiation reflected back to space from this
region. In this article, we examine the macrophysical characteristics
and thermodynamic phase of low clouds (tops < 3 km) and
precipitation using ground-based ceilometer, depolarization lidar and
vertically-pointing W-band radar measurements collected during the
Macquarie Island Cloud and Radiation Experiment (MICRE) from April
2016-March 2017. During MICRE, low clouds occurred ~65%
of the time on average (slightly more often in austral winter than
summer). About 2/3 of low clouds were cold-topped (temperatures
< 0°C); these were thicker and had higher bases on average
than warm-topped clouds. 83-88% of cold-topped low clouds were liquid
phase at cloud base (depending on the season). The majority of low
clouds had precipitation in the vertical range 150 to 250 meters below
cloud base, a significant fraction of which did not reach the surface.
Phase characterization is limited to the period between April 2016 and
November 2016. Small-particle (low-radar-reflectivity) precipitation
(which dominates precipitation occurrence) was mostly liquid
below-cloud, while large-particle precipitation (which dominates total
accumulation) was predominantly mixed/ambiguous or ice phase.
Approximately 40% of cold-topped clouds had mixed/ambiguous or ice
phase precipitation below (with predominantly liquid phase cloud
droplets at cloud base). Below-cloud precipitation with radar
reflectivity factors below about -10 dBZ were predominantly liquid,
while reflectivity factors above about 0 dBZ were predominantly ice.
Decoupling of rainfall and vegetation greening in the arid Asian endorheic basins due to the irrigation intensification
Authors: Zhang Zhengyang , Ma Xuanlong , Meada Eduardo Eiji , Lu Lei , Wang Yuanyuan , Xie Zunyi , Li Xiaoying , Huang Lei , Zhao Yuhe , Huete Alfredo R
Published: May 2023

A large portion of Central-Western Asia is made up of contiguous closed
basins, collectively termed as the Asian Endorheic Basins (AEB). As
these retention basins are only being replenished by the intermittent
precipitation, increasing droughts in the region and a growing demand
for water have been presumed to jointly contributed to the land
degradation. To understand the impact of climate change and human
activities on dryland vegetation over the AEB, we conducted trend and
partial correlation analysis of vegetation and hydroclimatic change from
2001 to 2021 using multi-satellite observations, including vegetation
greenness, total water storage anomalies (TWSA) and meteorological data.
Here we show that much of the AEB (65.53%) exhibited a greening trend
over the past two decades. Partial correlation analyses indicated that
climatic factors had varying effects on vegetation productivity as a
function of vegetation types and aridity. In arid AEB, precipitation
dominated the vegetation productivity trend. Such a rainfall dominance
gave way to TWSA dominance in the hyper-arid AEB. We further showed that
the decoupling of rainfall and hyper-arid vegetation greening was
largely due to a significant expansion (17.3%) in irrigated cropland
across the hyper-arid AEB. Given the extremely harsh environment in the
hyper-arid AEB, our results therefore raised the concerns on the
ecological and societal sustainability in this region, where a mild
increase in precipitation might not be able to catch up the rising
evaporative demand and water consumption resulted from global warming
and irrigation intensification.