bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laboratory Investigation into the Flexural Behavior of Embedded Concrete Sleepers in Two-Stage Concrete with Preplaced Ballast Aggregate
Authors: Esmaeili Morteza , Amiri Hamid
Published: February 2022

The conversion of ballasted railway tracks into slab tracks using the preplaced aggregate concrete (PAC) technology over the bridges and in the tunnels has been introduced by many researchers but the flexural behavior of this composite system has not yet been studied. Therefore, in the first stage, a series of mortar and concrete mixture designs were proposed and evaluated. Subsequently, a concrete beam mold with dimensions of 3 * 0.6 * 0.5 m, which represented the track conditions, was developed and the bending behavior of the constructed beams in both conditions of the presence and absence of the concert B70 sleeper were investigated. The maximum bending force in the middle of the concrete beam without a sleeper (SE) equaled 177.5 kN. In addition, the average values of bending tolerance by the sleeper including a PAC beam for three specimens in the four modes of the positive moment of midspan (SPM), negative moment of midspan (SNM), positive moment of rail seat (SPR), and negative moment of rail seat (SNR) were 55.25 kN m, 32.5 kN m, 91.84 kN m, and 38.21 kN m, respectively, which met the requirements of the AREMA regulations.
PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome in childhood and adolescence—a comprehensive review and presentation of the German pediatric guideline
Authors: Plamper Michaela , Gohlke Bettina , Woelfle Joachim
Published: February 2022

Background

The PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) encompasses several different syndromes, which are linked to an autosomal-dominant mutation of the tumor suppressor PTEN gene on chromosome 10. Loss of PTEN activity leads to an increased phosphorylation of different cell proteins, which may have an influence on growth, migration, and apoptosis. Excessive activity of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway due to PTEN deficiency may lead to the development of benign and malignant tumors and overgrowth. Diagnosis of PHTS in childhood can be even more challenging than in adulthood because of a lack of well-defined diagnostic criteria. So far, there are no official recommendations for cancer surveillance in affected children and adolescents.

Main body

All individuals with PHTS are at high risk for tumor development and thus might benefit from cancer surveillance strategies. In childhood, macrocephaly may be the only evident symptom, but developmental delay, behavioral problems, dermatological features (e.g., penile freckling), vascular anomalies, lipoma, or enlarged perivascular spaces in cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) may help to establish the diagnosis. Regular psychomotor assessment and assistance in subjects with neurological impairment play an important role in the management of affected children. Already in early childhood, affected patients bear a high risk to develop thyroid pathologies. For that reason, monitoring of thyroid morphology and function should be established right after diagnosis. We present a detailed description of affected organ systems, tools for initiation of molecular diagnostic and screening recommendations for patients < 18 years of age.

Conclusion

Affected families frequently experience a long way until the correct diagnosis for their child’s peculiarity is made. Even after diagnosis, it is not easy to find a physician who is familiar with this rare group of diseases. Because of a still-limited database, it is not easy to establish evidence-based (cancer) surveillance recommendations. The presented screening recommendation should thus be revised regularly according to the current state of knowledge.
Episode 4 (2019–2020) Nishinoshima activity: abrupt transitions in the eruptive style observed by image datasets from multiple satellites
Authors: Kaneko Takayuki , Maeno Fukashi , Ichihara Mie , Yasuda Atsushi , Ohminato Takao , Nogami Kenji , Nakada Setsuya , Honda Yoshiaki , Murakami Hiroshi
Published: February 2022

In December 2019, a new activity started at Nishinoshima volcano in the southern part of the Izu–Ogasawara arc, Japan. This is now referred to as Episode 4 of a series of activities that began in 2013. We analyzed the eruption sequence, including erupted volume and effusion rate, based on combined observations of thermal anomalies by Himawari-8 and topographic changes by ALOS-2. The total eruption volume during Episode 4 was ~ 132 × 106 m3, and the average effusion rate over the entire period was 0.51 × 106 m3 day−1 (5.9 m3 s−1), which was two to three times higher than that of Episode 1. Episode 4 had three stages. In Stage 1, effusive activity was dominant, and most of the lava erupted from a northeast vent at the foot of the pyroclastic cone to cover the northern half of the island. The average effusion rate was estimated to be 0.46 × 106 m3 day−1 (5.3 m3 s−1). In Stage 2, an intensive lava fountain with a high discharge rate developed, and it increased the size of the pyroclastic cone rapidly. The effusion rate temporarily reached 2.6 × 106 m3 day−1 (30 m3 s−1). Pyroclastic rocks accounted for 45–88% of the total erupted volume in this stage. Lava flows with rafted cone material were generated, and those possibly caused by intensive spatter falls on the slope were also formed. These lavas flowed down the southern half of the island. In Stage 3, continuous phreatomagmatic eruptions released ash and spread it over a wide area. The high effusion rate and the drastic change in the activity style in Episode 4 can be explained by deep volatile-rich magma being supplied to a shallower magma chamber prior to Episode 4. When the volatile-rich magma reached a shallow part of the conduit in Stage 2, fragmentation occurred due to rapid volume expansion to eject large amounts of magma and form the intensive lava fountain. Observations by satellite-borne ultraviolet–visible image sensors detected a rapid increase in SO2 emissions in response to the intensive lava-fountain activity. The less-differentiated nature of the ash fragments collected during Stage 2 may reflect the composition of the volatile-rich magma. Large-scale discolored-seawater areas appeared during the late period of Stage 1, which may have been caused by ascent of the volatile-rich magma.

Graphical Abstract
Angiolipoma of the chest wall: a case report
Authors: Omori Takahiro , Nakamura Sho
Published: February 2022

Background

Angiolipoma is a rare histological variant of lipoma. Angiolipoma commonly occurs in the subcutaneous tissues of the extremity and trunk. There are few reports of angiolipoma occurring in the chest wall.

Case presentation

A 78-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for evaluation of angina pectoris. Coronary computed tomography (CT) showed a soft tissue nodule in the left chest wall by chance. Enhanced chest CT showed a heterogeneous enhanced nodule in the left chest wall. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the lesion showed low signal intensity on T1-weighted images, heterogeneous high signal intensity on T2-weighted images and high signal intensity on fat-suppressed T2-weighted images. The lesion showed heterogeneous enhanced effect on gadolinium-based contrast agent. These radiological findings suggested neurogenic tumor with abundant blood flow or hemangioma. Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) was performed for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Histopathological examination of the tumor showed mature adipose tissue and capillary hyperplasia containing fibrin thrombi. These appearances were consistent with angiolipoma. She had an uneventful recovery and did not show recurrence until 8 months post-surgery.

Conclusions

Angiolipoma of the chest wall is extremely rare. Preoperative diagnosis is very difficult because the imaging findings of angiolipoma vary depending on the amount of vascular component and fat component, so surgical resection is suggested to be both diagnostic and therapeutic.
Intracholecystic papillary neoplasm associated with invasive carcinoma of the remnant gallbladder after subtotal cholecystectomy: a case report
Authors: Watanabe Yusuke , Mochidome Naoki , Nakayama Hiromichi , Gotoh Yoshitaka , Setoguchi Taro , Sunami Shunya , Yoneda Reiko , Ochiai Yurina , Mizoguchi Kimihisa , Yamamoto Hirofumi , Ueki Takashi
Published: February 2022

Background

Intracholecystic papillary neoplasm (ICPN) of the gallbladder is a rare tumor and a relatively new concept. Therefore, the natural history and imaging characteristics of ICPN have not yet been fully documented. Moreover, cases who underwent curative resection for remnant gallbladder cancer, including ICPN with associated invasive carcinoma, have been rarely reported. We report a resected case of ICPN of the remnant gallbladder with associated invasive carcinoma for which we could observe a temporal change in imaging findings until malignant transformation.

Case presentation

A 79-year-old female patient with a surgical history of subtotal cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis was an ambulatory patient of our institution because of postoperative surveillance for colon cancer. Ultrasonography and computed tomography incidentally detected a small nodule in the cystic remnant gallbladder. The nodule had increased in size 3 months later; thus, additional investigations were performed. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 10-mm enhanced nodule without evidence of extraluminal invasion. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging revealed restricted diffusion of the lesion, and positron emission tomography revealed marked accumulation in the lesion. The lesion was diagnosed as suspicious for a malignant remnant gallbladder tumor. Therefore, remnant cholecystectomy with gallbladder bed resection was performed. Because preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiography revealed a relatively long intact cystic duct, extrahepatic bile duct resection was planned to be omitted. Intraoperatively, the hepatic and duodenal side bile duct where the cystic duct diverged was taped. Using these tapes, which permitted pulling the bile duct, the cystic duct located behind the bile duct could be safely exposed. The lesion was pathologically diagnosed as biliary morphologic ICPN with associated invasive carcinoma.

Conclusions

Because remnant cholecystectomy is an uncommon procedure and technically difficult, accurate preoperative investigation and surgical planning are important to prevent bile duct injury and omit extrahepatic bile duct resection. In the present case, intracystic change could be detected incidentally at an early stage because of previous remnant gallbladder producing (reconstituting) subtotal cholecystectomy and surveillance for other disease. This case suggests the existence of ICPN that can progress to invasive carcinoma during a short period.
Comparison of time-matched aerobic, resistance or combined exercise training in women living with obesity: a protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial—the EXOFFIT (Exercise for Obesity in Females to increase Fitness) study
Authors: Davis Mary E. , Blake Catherine , Cunningham Caitriona , Carson Brian P. , O’Donoghue Gráinne
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Obesity in women has more than doubled in the past thirty years. Increasing research suggests that increased cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) can largely attenuate the negative health risks associated with obesity. Though previous literature suggests that combined training may be the most effective for improving CRF in adults with obesity, there is minimal research investigating the efficacy of combined and resistance programmes in women with obesity. This article outlines a protocol for a parallel pilot study which aims to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of three exercise modalities in women with obesity for increasing CRF and strength and improving body composition and other health outcomes (i.e. quality of life).

Methods and analysis

Sixty women (aged 18–50) with obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 and/or waist circumference ≥ 88 cm) who are physically inactive, have no unstable health conditions and are safe to exercise will be recruited from September 2021 to December 2022. The main outcome will be feasibility and acceptability of the intervention and procedures. Trial feasibility outcomes will be evaluated to determine if a definitive trial should be undertaken. Trial acceptability will be explored through follow-up qualitative interviews with participants. Secondary outcomes will include CRF (predicted VO2 max), anthropometrics (i.e. BMI), strength (5RM bench press, leg dynamometry, grip strength) and other health outcomes (i.e., pain). Participants will be block randomised into one of four trial arms (aerobic exercise, resistance training and combined training groups, non-active control group) and measurements will be completed pre- and post-intervention. The exercise groups will receive an individualised supervised exercise programme for 3× sessions/week for 12 weeks. The change in mean values before and after intervention will be calculated for primary and secondary outcomes. ANOVA and t-tests will be applied to evaluate within-group and between-group differences. If sufficient participants are recruited, the data will be analysed using ANCOVA with the age and BMI as covariates.

Discussion

This pilot will provide data on the feasibility and acceptability of trial procedures and of the programmes’ three progressive time-matched exercise interventions (aerobic, resistance and combined) for women living with obesity, which will help inform future research and the potential development of a full-scale randomised clinical trial.

Trial registration

ISRCTN, ISRCTN13517067. Registered 16 November 2021—retrospectively registered.
Successful lung-protective ventilatory management during the VV-ECMO in a severe COVID-19 pneumonia patient with extensive pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema: a case report
Authors: Kohara Jumpei , Kai Shinichi , Hashimoto Kazuya , Takatani Yudai , Tanabe Naoya , Hamada Satoshi , Cho Kosai , Tanaka Tomoharu , Ito Isao , Ohtsuru Shigeru
Published: February 2022

Background

Ventilatory management of respiratory failure with pneumomediastinum/subcutaneous emphysema is not established. Herein, we report a case of severe COVID-19 pneumonia with extensive pneumomediastinum/subcutaneous emphysema, rescued by thorough lung-protective ventilatory management after applying the VV-ECMO.

Case presentation

A 68-year-old male with no medical history was admitted to a local hospital and diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia. His pulmonary parameters worsened during invasive ventilation due to the development of pneumomediastinum/subcutaneous emphysema, and then he was transferred to our hospital. On arrival, we immediately decided to apply VV-ECMO and switch to ultraprotective ventilation. After maintaining the initial ventilation with a neuromuscular blocking agent for 2 days, we gradually increased PEEP while limiting PIP to 25 cmH2O. The patient was weaned off VV-ECMO on day 10; he was transferred to the medical ward after extubation.

Conclusions

Lung-protective ventilatory management should be performed thoroughly during VV-ECMO in severe COVID-19 pneumonia with pneumomediastinum/subcutaneous emphysema.
Paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS): a Brazilian cohort
Authors: Cavalcanti André , Islabão Aline , Magalhães Cristina , Veloso Sarah , Lopes Marlon , do Prado Rogério , Aquilante Bruna , Terrazas Ana Maria , Rezende Maria Fernanda , Clemente Gleice , Terreri Maria Teresa
Published: February 2022

Background

Paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS) associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been described since mid-April 2020 with the first reports coming from Europe. Our objective was to describe the characteristics of patients among the Brazilian population.

Methods

A multicenter retrospective study was conducted with the participation of five pediatric rheumatology centers in Brazil during the period from March to November 2020. Children and adolescents with PIMS temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (TS) who met the definition criteria for the disease according to the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health were included. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, therapeutic characteristics and molecular and serological diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection were described.

Results

Fifty-seven children and adolescents with PIMS-TS were evaluated, 54% female, with a median age of 8 (3–11) years. Most (86%) were previously healthy, with asthma being the main comorbidity, present in 10% of the patients. Fever was the main manifestation, present in all patients, followed by mucocutaneous and gastrointestinal features, present in 89% and 81% of the patients, respectively. Myocarditis occurred in 21% of the patients and in 68% of them required intensive care. The Kawasaki disease phenotype occurred in most patients (77%). All patients had elevated inflammatory markers, with elevated CRP being the most found (98%). Anemia and lymphopenia were present in 79% and 72%, respectively. Laboratory evidence of SARS-CoV-2 was found in 77% of the patients, with 39% positive RT-PCR and 84% positive serology for SARS-CoV-2. An immunomodulatory treatment was performed in 91% of the patients, with 67% receiving intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) associated with glucocorticoid, 21% receiving IVIG, and 3.5% receiving glucocorticoid. The median length of hospitalization was 10 days.

Conclusions

This study showed a high morbidity of PIMS-TS in Brazilian children, with a prolonged length of hospitalization and a high rate of admission to pediatric intensive care unit. Multicenter prospective studies are needed to assess the morbidity of the disease in the medium and long term.
A review of phosphorus nutrition in irrigated cotton farming systems of Australia
Authors: NACHIMUTHU Gunasekhar , SCHWENKE Graeme , MERCER Clarence , BISCHOF Callum , HULME Pat , BELL Michael
Published: February 2022

Australian cotton production predominantly occurs on Vertisols. The average lint yield of cotton grown in Australia is 2 260–2 700 kg·hm−2, which is 2.5 to 3 times the world average. This high productivity per unit of land area requires efficient use of resources such as water and nutrients. However, high yields accelerate the export of nutrients such as phosphorus (P) in seed, depleting the soil reserves of P more than in other countries with lower cotton yields. Recent surveys of cotton industry indicate that P application rates should match seed P export (30~ 40 kg·hm−2), but historical depletion within subsoil is still evident and is continuing. Depletion of soil P is typically more pronounced in the subsoil than in the topsoil (0~ 20 cm) where P fertiliser is applied, as cotton roots rely on these layers as important sources of plant available water and available P. This mismatch between zones of P uptake and resupply may increase stratification of available P in the soil profile. Recent studies showed that cotton responded poorly to banded applications of fertiliser P, while dispersal of fertiliser throughout the plant beds was more successful. Researchers have also observed sporadic cotton responses to applied P fertiliser in soils where available P concentrations were well above the previously determined critical concentrations indicative of fertiliser P responses in Australia. To sustain high-yielding cotton production in Australia, a greater understanding of cotton root acquisition of applied P, as well as a re-examination of critical soil P concentrations for each production region are required.
Food history and gastronomic traditions of beans in Italy
Authors: Corrado Giandomenico
Published: February 2022

Beans have been regarded primarily as a staple food for peasants, an affordable protein source for the mass, and a symbol of rustic simplicity by writers of all ages. Among legumes, the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) probably plays the leading role in typifying these attributes. This species has also shown a remarkable ability to spread around the globe and to replace similar local species in virtually all the cuisines of the world, being nowadays embodied in the gastronomy of several countries. Attitudes toward beans are changing recently, and this legume is no longer considered as only the meat of the poor. This review aims to present a critical overview of the history and role in the gastronomy of common bean and other main cultivated legumes in Italy. After presenting the origin of common bean and its name, and the impact of its introduction to Europe, this contribution discusses the gastronomic history of beans in Italy and the role that socio-cultural differences have played in shaping the use of beans, the conservation of landraces, and food diversity. Finally, perspectives are discussed considering the recent trends in gastronomy and food tourism.
SMA carrier testing using Real-time PCR as a potential preconception screening tool
Authors: Eissa Noura Raafat , Hassan Heba Amin , Senousy Sameh Mohamed , Soliman Hala Nasr , Essawi Mona Lotfy
Published: February 2022

Background

SMA is a neuromuscular genetic disorder causing irreversible degeneration of the anterior horn cells of lower motor neurons. According to the age of onset and severity of the condition, it is classified into 5 subtypes. SMA carrier’s frequency worldwide is 1:40–80. We used quantitative real-time PCR to determine the copy number of the disease-determining SMN1 gene by rapid and reliable assays. We studied the SMN1 gene copy number in Egyptian sample of 115 individuals, as well as in 10 SMA families.

Results

Our results showed that 57.4% of the couples with the previous history of an affected family members were carriers. On the individual level, carriers of single SMN1 gene copy rate are much higher than the previously reported frequency rates. The effect of consanguineous marriages appears evident in SMA as an autosomal recessive disorder.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the carrier frequency detected in our cohort was high, which possibly corresponds with the worldwide report of SMA as a leading genetic cause of death among infants. Considering the high rate of consanguinity in developing countries confirms the importance of national SMA carrier screening in Egypt. The qPCR carrier screening test is a rapid-cost effective test that can detect approximately 90% of carriers. A population-based preconception prenatal screening for couples will also help reduce the disease burden.
Signature of electromagnetic quantum fluctuations in exciton physics
Authors: Combescot Monique , Dubin François , Shiau Shiue-Yuan
Published: February 2022

Quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field are known to produce the atomic Lamb shift. We here reveal their iconic signature in semiconductor physics, through the blue-shift they produce to optically bright excitons, thus lifting the energy of these excitons above their dark counterparts. The electromagnetic field here acts in its full complexity: in addition to its longitudinal part via interband virtual Coulomb processes, the transverse part —which has been missed up to now— also acts via resonant and nonresonant virtual photons. These two parts beautifully combine to produce a bright exciton blue-shift independent of the exciton wave vector direction. Our work readily leads to a striking prediction: long-lived excitons must have a small bright-dark splitting. Although the analogy between exciton and hydrogen atom could lead us to see the bright exciton shift as a Lamb shift, this is not fully so: the Lamb shift comes entirely from virtual photons, whereas the Coulomb interaction also contributes to the exciton shift through the so-called “electron-hole exchange”.
Diagnostic Utility of Somatostatin Receptor 2A Immunohistochemistry for Tumor-induced Osteomalacia
Authors: Lee Seunghyun , Hong Namki , Shin Sungjae , Kim Sun Il , Yun Mijin , Kim Sang Kyum , Rhee Yumie
Published: February 2022

Context

Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare paraneoplastic disorder caused by excessive fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) secretion. FGF23 immunohistochemistry (IHC) is proposed as a useful adjunctive marker to confirm TIO diagnosis. However, it often stains focally, limiting its diagnostic utility.

Objective

This work aimed to compare the diagnostic performance between somatostatin receptor 2A (SSTR2A) and FGF23 IHC for TIO.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed TIO-diagnosed patients in Severance Hospital between July 2006 and May 2020. Histologic evaluation was performed using histoscore (H score) (expression area proportion score [0-2] × intensity score [1-3], [total, 0-6]). FGF23 and SSTR2A IHC were performed using unstained slides from 18 localized TIO patients and 9 and 15 non-TIO controls with bone and soft-tissue tumors, respectively. SSTR2A positivity was defined as cytoplasmic, membranous, or Golgi staining in more than 1% of tumor cells, and negativity as nonspecific nuclear staining. FGF23 positivity was defined as cytoplasmic expression in more than 1% of the tumor area and negativity as nonspecific nuclear staining.

Results

Suspicious lesions were successfully detected in 14 of 15 patients who underwent 68Ga-DOTATOC scans. Diffuse cytoplasmic SSTR2A expression was identified in all TIO patients and focal weak nuclear staining in 12 of 15 controls. FGF23 cytoplasmic expression was identified in 11 of 18 TIO patients and diffuse nuclear staining in 9 of 9 controls. The H score was higher in SSTR2A than in FGF23 IHC (median [interquartile range]: 6 [6-6] vs 1 [0-2], P < .001).

Conclusion

SSTR2A IHC with H-score quantification might be a more sensitive, adjunctive diagnostic tool than FGF23 IHC for TIO diagnosis.
Investigating the effect of cholinergic and adrenergic blocking agents on maternal-fetal heart rates and their interactions in mice fetuses
Authors: Khandoker Ahsan H. , Wahbah Maisam , Yoshida Chihiro , Kasahara Yoshiyuki , Funamoto Kiyoe , Niizeki Kyuichi , Kimura Yoshitaka
Published: February 2022

This study examines the role of autonomic control of maternal and fetal heart rate variability (MHRV and FHRV) and their heartbeats phase coupling prevalence (CPheartbeat) in mice. The subjects are divided into three groups: control with saline, cholinergic blockade with atropine, and β-adrenergic blockade with propranolol. Electrocardiogram signals of 27 anesthetized pregnant mice and 48 fetuses were measured for 20 min (drugs were administered after 10 min). For the coupling analysis, different maternal heartbeats were considered for one fetal beat. Results show that saline infusion did not produce any significant changes in MHRV and FHRV, as well as CPheartbeat. Atropine increased maternal HR (MHR) and decreased MHRV significantly without any considerable effect on fetal HR (FHR) and FHRV. Propranolol infusion did not produce any significant changes in MHR and MHRV, but significantly decreased FHR and increased FHRV. Moreover, atropine had led to a decrease in CPheartbeat when considering two and three maternal beats, and an increase for four beats; while propranolol resulted in a decrease for two heartbeats, but an increase for four and five beats. The proposed approach is useful for assessing the impact of maternal autonomic modulation activity on fetal distress and obstetric complications prevalent in pregnant mothers.
Identifying Gait Pathology after ACL Reconstruction Using Temporal Characteristics of Kinetics and Electromyography
Authors: ITO NAOAKI , CAPIN JACOB J. , KHANDHA ASHUTOSH , BUCHANAN THOMAS S. , SNYDER-MACKLER LYNN
Published: February 2022

Purpose

Asymmetrical gait mechanics after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) are associated with the development of posttraumatic knee osteoarthritis. Current measures of gait mechanics have focused heavily on peak magnitudes of knee kinematics, kinetics, and joint contact forces but have seldom considered the rate of knee loading, cumulative knee load, or the timing of motor input surrounding peaks. The purpose of this study was to introduce and describe novel metrics of gait using temporal characteristics of kinetics and EMG to identify neuromuscular deficits of the quadriceps in patients after ACLR.

Methods

Gait mechanics were assessed 6 months (n = 145) and 24 months (n = 116) after ACLR. External knee flexion rate of moment development (RMD) and knee flexion moment impulse (KFMI) leading up to the time of peak knee flexion moment (pKFM), peak RMD between initial contact to pKFM, and cumulative KFMI were calculated. Extensor latencies from the quadriceps, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and rectus femoris (time of pKFM – time of peak EMG activity) during the weight acceptance phase of gait were also calculated. Paired-sample t-tests (α = 0.05) were performed between limbs at both time points.

Results

Slower RMD, smaller KFMI, and longer extensor latencies in the involved compared with uninvolved limb were observed across all measures at 6 months (P < 0.005). At 24 months, RMDpeak was slower, and KFMI50ms, KFMI100ms, and KFMItotal were lower in the involved limb (P < 0.003), but no other asymmetries were found.

Conclusions

Slower RMD, smaller KFMI, and prolonged extensor latencies may characterize neuromuscular deficits underlying aberrant gait mechanics early after ACLR. RMD, KFMI, and extensor latencies during gait should be considered in the future to quantify asymmetrical movement patterns observed after ACLR and as markers of recovery.
A modelação de equações estruturais na análise da satisfação dos responsáveis de alojamentos turísticos ao desempenho dos municípios portugueses
Authors: Soares Rodrigo , Sarmento Manuela
Published: February 2022

Apesar do revés, após o final de 2019, no crescimento que se vinha observando na indústria do turismo, é expectável que esta continue a impulsionar o crescimento econômico regional e nacional. Um dos setores econômicos com elevada relevância ao nível do turismo é o da hotelaria. A sua existência capacita a região para a permanência do turista e, em alguns casos, é o motor da dinamização da região. Assim, recorrendo à modelação de equações estruturais como metodologia, analisou-se de que forma a alocação de recursos feita pelos responsáveis autárquicos na captação de turistas contribui para a satisfação global dos responsáveis pelos alojamentos turísticos. Concluiu-se que a metodologia usada se mostrou adequada na validação do modelo inicialmente proposto e que o fator privilegiado e com maior impacto foi a divulgação/promoção. Contudo os eventos organizados ou apoiados pelos municípios também mostraram ter impacto na satisfação global dos responsáveis pelos alojamentos turísticos.
Estrutura de capital e rentabilidade de empresas moderada pela assimetria informacional
Authors: Quiraque Elcídio Henriques , De Sousa Allison Manoel , Orsato Renata , Colauto Romualdo Douglas
Published: February 2022

Este trabalho analisa a influência da estrutura de capital, moderada pela assimetria informacional, na rentabilidade das empresas abertas do mercado brasileiro. A amostra foi composta por 106 empresas em períodos trimestrais de 2011 a 2020. A análise dos dados em painel indica que o aumento do endividamento geral diminui a rentabilidade do ativo (ROA) e do patrimônio líquido (ROE). A assimetria informacional atua como um fator potencializador do efeito negativo do endividamento no ROA e ROE. Esses resultados contribuem para a Teoria da Pecking Order, visto que, como proposto por esta teoria, companhias abertas do mercado brasileiro têm menor rentabilidade à medida que aumentam o endividamento. Além disso, a assimetria interfere nessa relação, o que pode contribuir para que os investidores entendam o impacto do endividamento na rentabilidade de companhias com diferentes níveis de assimetria informacional.
Data Management Plans in Horizon 2020: what beneficiaries think and what we can learn from their experience
Authors: Spichtinger Daniel
Published: February 2022

Background: Data Management Plans (DMPs) are at the heart of many research funder requirements for data management and open data, including the EU’s Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, Horizon 2020. This article provides a summary of the findings of the DMP Use Case study, conducted as part of OpenAIRE Advance.

Methods: As part of the study we created a vetted collection of over 800 Horizon 2020 DMPs. Primarily, however, we report the results of qualitative interviews and a quantitative survey on the experience of Horizon 2020 projects with DMPs.

Results & Conclusions: We find that a significant number of projects had to develop a DMP for the first time in the context of Horizon 2020, which points to the importance of funder requirements in spreading good data management practices. In total, 82% of survey respondents found DMPs useful or partially useful, beyond them being “just” an European Commission (EC) requirement. DMPs are most prominently developed within a project’s Management Work Package. Templates were considered important, with 40% of respondents using the EC/European Research Council template. However, some argue for a more tailor-made approach. The most frequent source for support with DMPs were other project partners, but many beneficiaries did not receive any support at all. A number of survey respondents and interviewees therefore ask for a dedicated contact point at the EC, which could take the form of an EC Data Management Helpdesk, akin to the IP helpdesk. If DMPs are published, they are most often made available on the project website, which, however, is often taken offline after the project ends. There is therefore a need to further raise awareness on the importance of using repositories to ensure preservation and curation of DMPs. The study identifies IP and licensing arrangements for DMPs as promising areas for further research.
Desnutrición crónica en niños menores de cinco años de la comunidad indígena awá, Barbacoas (Nariño, Colombia), 2019
Authors: Erazo Arteaga Diana Carolina , García Jorge Iván , Chavarriaga Maya Lina Marcela , Quirós-Gómez Oscar Ivan
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Chronic malnutrition in children under 5 years old is defined as stunting due to recurrentnutritional deficiencies associated with poverty, maternal health, and nutrition. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of chronic malnutrition and associated factors in children under 5 years old from the indigenous Awá community, at Barbacoas, Nariño in 2019. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, which included 527  children under 5 years old from the Awá community who attended a health institution for growth and development program. Chronic malnutrition was evaluated as an outcome, whereas sociodemographic, nutritional and other health characteristics as associated factors. Chi-square, Fisher’s exact, and Mann–Whitney’s U test were used to determine statistical association. Additionally, the relationship was adjusted through a multiple logistic regression model. Results: Chronic malnutrition was found in 17.6% of children. The statistical association was found in children of the adolescent mother, incomplete vaccination schedule, and age and birth weight. Conclusion: In children under 5 years old in the Awá community, the frequency of chronic malnutrition is above the average for the general population in Colombia. Prioritizing the active search for chronic malnutrition in children whose mothers are adolescents and those with low birth weight and incomplete vaccination is important.
Pengembangan Layanan Bisnis Digital Selam Rekreasional dengan Pendekatan ROPO pada UMKM Penyedia Jasa Selam
Authors: Nurkasanah Ika , Agus Hendrawan Rully , Mudjahidin Mudjahidin , Suryani Erma , ER Mahendrawathi , Parvian Aristio Andre
Published: February 2022

Dalam kondisi ekonomi yang terpuruk akibat pandemi COVID-19 ini, Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) memiliki potensi yang sangat besar untuk membantu membangkitkan perekonomian. Salah satunya adalah UMKM di bidang pariwisata jasa selam. Namun, selama ini peminat selam rekreasional masih cukup rendah karena tidak semua orang mengetahui keindahan bawah laut. Oleh karena itu, dalam program pengabdian masyarakat ini kami mengembangkan layanan bisnis digital berbasis website untuk mempromosikan keindahan wisata selam melalui pendekatan ROPO (Research Online Purchase Offline). ROPO dipilih sebagai pendekatan yang tepat karena di era digital dan pandemi masyarakat memiliki kecenderungan untuk melakukan riset online terlebih dahulu agar mendapatkan informasi lengkap dan terpusat sebelum melakukan pembelian produk/jasa secara luring. Tahapan program engabdian masyarakat diawali dengan analisis kebutuhan mitra yang kemudian dilanjutkan dengan beberapa tahap lain, seperti desain arsitektur website, pengembangan website, uji coba website, implementasi (go live), dan yang terakhir soft launching kepada mitra dan pengguna. Hasil pengabdian masyarakat ini mampu memberikan kemudahan bagi para UMKM penyedia selam rekreasional untuk melakukan pemasaran online, memperluas wilayah pemasarannya, dan meningkatkan kredibilitas layanan bisnisnya. Bagi calon penyelam, website memudahkan pencarian informasi wisata selam sebelum pembelian dilakukan langsung, Selain itu, fitur dive log mampu memotivasi pengguna lain untuk menyelam melalui pengalaman yang dibagi.
Pelatihan Penulisan Artikel Ilmiah bagi Guru di SMA Abdul Wahid Hasyim Tebuireng
Authors: Haekal Mohammad , Fatimah Iim , Yudoyono Gatut , Subagyo Bintoro Anang , Pramono Yono Hadi , Hapsari Yanurita Dwi , Suyatno Suyatno
Published: February 2022

Penulisan karya tulis dan karya ilmiah di bidang pendidikan merupakan salah satu bentuk pengembangan profesi dari seorang guru yang dapat berkontribusi pada peningkatan mutu pendidikan dalam proses belajar mengajar. Namun jumlah karya ilmiah yang dihasilkan oleh keprofesian guru masih berada di angka yang rendah. Salah satu kesulitan penulisan karya ilmiah yang dialami oleh para guru adalah pengembangan ide atau pemikiran menjadi sebuah tulisan karya ilmiah yang koheren dan padu. Untuk itu, perlu dilakukan pelatihan penulisan artikel ilmiah dalam bentuk laporan penelitian maupun penulisan artikel dalam jurnal ilmiah. Hal ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan dan menambah kemampuan seorang guru yang fasih dalam keterampilan bahasa verbal menjadi terampil juga dalam menuangkan ide dan pemikirannya dalam bentuk tulisan. Sejumlah guru terutama guru muda yang mengajar di SMA A. Wahid Hasyim Tebuireng menjadi target utama dalam pelatihan ini. Pelatihan ini diharapkan dapat memberikan pemahaman mengenai metode penulisan artikel ilmiah yang baik dan berkualitas, meningkatkan motivasi guru dalam menulis artikel ilmiah, serta menghasilkan naskah/artikel oleh guru yang layak dipublikasikan.
Pemberdayaan Petani Ikan untuk Menunjang Agro Maritim di Tulungagung
Authors: Badrus Zaman Muhammad , Siswantoro Nurhadi Siswantoro , Pitana Trika , Priyanta Dwi , Prastowo Hari
Published: February 2022

Kabupaten Tulungagung memiliki potensi budidaya perikanan air tawar, baik konsumsi maupun hias. Selain itu lokasi daerah pengembangan sektor perikanan berada di desa-desa yang memiliki panorama alam persawahan dan di lembah gunung menjadi nilai tambah untuk pengembangan sektor pariwisata lokal. Desa Wajak Lor, Kecamatan Boyolangu telah dibangun wisata pemancingan dan pengembangan usaha budidaya perikanan air tawar. Potensi yang dimiliki perlu didukung oleh teknologi desain kolam yang efisien dan strategi pemasaran yang bagus. Dalam makalah ini disajikan penerapan teknologi sistem desain perpipaan dan aerasi untuk kolam ikan serta teknologi digital marketing. Penerapan teknologi desain sistem perpipaan dan aerasi yang baru dapat menunjang produktifitas hasil perikanan. Sistem aerasi dengan perpipaan biaya pemuatan dan operasional lebih murah dibandingkan dengan harga kincir air. Spesifikasi pompa yang dibutuhkan adalah pompa air dengan power 800Watt, debit 350 liter per menit, dan head 400 meter. Sedangkan pemanfaatan teknologi digital marketing bermanfaat untuk menunjang pemasaran produk perikanan dan sektor wisata agro maritim di Kabupaten Tulungagung yang memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan sektor wisata lokal. Konsep wisata pemancingan dengan menikmati pemandangan lembah Gunung Budeg dan hamparan persawahan.
It is the Shared Aims, Trust and Compassion that Allow People to Prosper: Teacher Educators´ Lifelong Learning in Competence-based Education
Authors: Nissilä Säde-Pirkko , Karjalainen Asko , Koukkari Marja
Published: February 2022

Teachers´ life-long learning and occupational well-being is significant in promoting educational goals and professional development. The aim of the study was to determine which factors contribute to teacher educators´ commitment to work and give them energy for work and self-development. The research data consisted of 24 teacher educators in Oulu University of Applied Sciences. The research method of this case study was a qualitative, thematic content analysis, the research approach phenomenography. The most important single factor seemed to be the community of teachers, students and the administrative staff which are included in dialogue and collaboration. Emotions, meaningfulness, and interaction play an important role, often via pedagogical fellowship. Committed teacher educators take responsibility for workplace culture and transformation of teaching. Positive attitudes, motivation, reflection, and dialogue seem to be connected to professional capability and the ethos of teacher educators´ work.
Effect of resistance training on satellite cells in old mice – a transcriptome study
Authors: Hsu Wei-Bin , Lin Shih-Jie , Hung Ji-Shiuan , Chen Mei-Hsin , Lin Che-Yi , Hsu Wei-Hsiu , Hsu Wen-Wei Robert
Published: February 2022

Aims

The decrease in the number of satellite cells (SCs), contributing to myofibre formation and reconstitution, and their proliferative capacity, leads to muscle loss, a condition known as sarcopenia. Resistance training can prevent muscle loss; however, the underlying mechanisms of resistance training effects on SCs are not well understood. We therefore conducted a comprehensive transcriptome analysis of SCs in a mouse model.

Methods

We compared the differentially expressed genes of SCs in young mice (eight weeks old), middle-aged (48-week-old) mice with resistance training intervention (MID+ T), and mice without exercise (MID) using next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics.

Results

After the bioinformatic analysis, the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway and the regulation of actin cytoskeleton in particular were highlighted among the top ten pathways with the most differentially expressed genes involved in the young/MID and MID+ T/MID groups. The expression of Gng5, Atf2, and Rtor in the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway was higher in the young and MID+ T groups compared with the MID group. Similarly, Limk1, Arhgef12, and Araf in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton pathway had a similar bias. Moreover, the protein expression profiles of Atf2, Rptor, and Ccnd3 in each group were paralleled with the results of NGS.

Conclusion

Our results revealed that age-induced muscle loss might result from age-influenced genes that contribute to muscle development in SCs. After resistance training, age-impaired genes were reactivated, and age-induced genes were depressed. The change fold in these genes in the young/MID mice resembled those in the MID + T/MID group, suggesting that resistance training can rejuvenate the self-renewing ability of SCs by recovering age-influenced genes to prevent sarcopenia. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(2):121–133.
Perspective: Lessons Learned, Challenges, and Opportunities in Quantifying Cohesive Soil Erodibility with the Jet Erosion Test (JET)
Authors: Fox Garey A. , Guertault Lucie , Castro-Bolinaga Celso , Allen Peter , Bigham Kari A. , Bonelli Stephane , Hunt Sherry Lynn , Kassa Kayla , Langendoen Eddy J. , Porter Erin , Shafii Iman , Wahl Tony , Thompson Tess Wynn
Published: February 2022

Highlights

The JET is a key instrument for in situ and laboratory measurement of soil erodibility.

Operation and reporting guidelines are needed to ensure consistency across JETs and applications.

JET design improvements and hydrodynamic studies are needed to inform proper analyses and limit operator effects.

Erodibility databases should be developed that report JET, soil, and fluid properties.

Keywords: Cohesive soils, Critical shear stress, Erodibility, Erosion, Jet Erosion Test, Scour.
The Political Economy of Skill Formation in a Rentier State: The Case of Oman
Authors: Langthaler Margarita , Wolf Stefan , Schnitzler Tobias
Published: February 2022

Context: Against a backdrop of dwindling oil resources and increasing unemployment rates, the government of Oman has set out to diversify its industry and establish a knowledge-based economy. In this context, forming a highly-skilled Omani workforce is considered to be of crucial importance. Yet, the national TVET system suffers from low social status, poor quality, and limited labour market connectivity. This paper offers an analysis of Oman's TVET system in the socio-economic and cultural context of a rentier state. Approach: We draw on the political economy of skills and socio-cultural approaches that understand TVET systems and the broader skills regimes in which they are embedded as part and expression of particular patterns of the social organisation of work. This helps to locate TVET systems' strengths and weaknesses in the context of their underlying social relations instead of considering them as mere dysfunctionalities at the systemic level. This paper draws on an unpublished study on TVET for industrialisation commissioned by an Omani line ministry in cooperation with an international organisation. For this study, the authors carried out a literature review, undertook two field trips to Oman in 2018 and 2019 and conducted forty semi-structured interviews with stakeholders from government, private companies, business associations, and TVET and higher education institutions. Findings: Our analysis highlights how skill formation in Oman is shaped by the socio-economic and cultural context of the Omani rentier state. First, the availability of cheap expatriate labour and Omanis' traditional preference for public sector jobs culminate in poor incentives for employing Omani nationals in the private sector. Second, reluctant employer attitudes towards national skill formation deepen quality issues in the TVET system, especially with regard to work-based training. This reinforces negative perceptions of the local workforce, which in turn contribute to biased employment patterns. Both social processes mutually reinforce each other, eventually preventing the emergence of strong national skill formation dynamics. 
Conclusions: While immediate structural change appears challenging, it is evident that reforms of the TVET system alone will not lead to its sustainable improvement. More research into how skill formation relates to Oman's specific socio-economic structures, how employment dynamics relate to educational credentials and how cultural traditions shape educational and work practices is needed.