bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reasons for rotating of dust structure in a highly non-uniform magnetic field
Authors: Dzlieva E S , Pavlov S I , Novikov L A , Tarasov S A , Polischuk V A , Karasev V Yu
Published: February 2021

A study of a dust trap in a glow discharge in highly non-uniform magnetic field is carried out. The trap is near the end of the solenoid on the side of the anode part of the discharge; it exists only in the magnetic field and it is resistant to its change. In the trap a volume dust structure is formed and comes into rotation with angular velocity of about 10 rad/s depending on the conditions. The interpretation of the reasons of rotation of the dust structure in the detected dust trap is given. Four physical processes known from literature are considered; numerical estimates are made. A feature of the dust trap being studied is a highly non-uniform magnetic field in which the discharge current channel expands and its radial component appears. Ampere force action due to radial component of current and longitudinal component of magnetic field is taken as the reason of dust structure rotation. The numerical estimate for the average section gives the value from 2.5 to 10 rad/s depending on the assumption of the radial component of the current.
Differential equations of the rigid vibratory drum interaction with compacted soil
Authors: Tarasov V N , Boyarkina I V , Serebrennikov V S
Published: February 2021

Differential equations of the rigid vibratory drum dynamic interaction with compacted construction soil are obtained, and relationships of the vibratory drum geometric parameters with soil characteristics and technological parameters of the soil compaction process are determined. The vibration exciter driving radial force has been replaced by the vertical driving medium operating constant force. The vibratory drum interaction with the soil is considered during a vibration exciter eccentric weight half-turn during which the vibratory drum singe influence occurs on the compacted soil. The reaction force of the vibratory drum with the soil is written using the linear Hooke’s law, that has allowed to obtain an analytical solution adequate to the real process of the soil compaction by the vibratory drum.
Sensor of the electric field strength vector components in the form of three mutually perpendicular square
Authors: Biryukov S V , Kolmogorova S S , Kolmogorov A S
Published: February 2021

The development of instruments for measuring the electric field strength is not a simple scientific and practical task. First of all, this is due to the high metrological requirements that are imposed on sensors of electric field strength. There is a wide variety of electric field sensors of various shapes (cubic, cylindrical, spherical), the principle of action (directional and non-directional reception) and design features (housing, uncased) do not provide the desired metrological characteristics. Therefore, scientific work related to the development of sensors of electric field strength is developing and relevant. The aim of the scientific research is to create a frameless three-axis electric field strength sensor, which would be easy to calculate both for housing sensors, as well as simplicity of design and small mass as for frameless sensors. The constructive sensor created as a result of scientific research represents three mutually perpendicular square dielectric plates. The sensing element bases are square conductive sensing elements. The sensor has a different spatial measurement range and depends on the desired error. A large error correlates with a wider range. For a measurement error of no more than 10%, the maximum possible spatial measurement range will be a = 0.33. Consequently, the minimum possible distance to the field source, at which the sensor error is no more than 10%, will be d = 3L, where L is half the side of the square sensitive element.
Methods and Means of Ensuring Information Security in Fiber-Optic Communication Lines
Authors: Bogachkov I V , Gorlov N I
Published: February 2021

This paper considers the problem of protection against an unauthorized access and presents the results of comparing different methods for extracting data from optical fiber. This paper provides classification of methods of information receiving, physical principles of leakage channels formation, as well as methodology as to how to send a share of the optical radiation outside the propagation medium. The simplest of the analyzed methods is the bending of the optical fiber when the conditions of full internal reflection are broken. In this case, the monitoring system controls the introduced losses to detect fiber bends. This work outlines the structure, principles of operation, as well as the trends in the development of monitoring systems.
Geometric models of multi-parametric technological processes for estimation some inverse control problems
Authors: Chijik M A , Yurkov V Yu , Dolgova E Yu
Published: February 2021

This paper is devoted to the geometric and computer simulation of multi-parameter systems. We adduce description of original method and algorithm which may be used for inverse control problem solution. We describe the multidimensional geometric model based on experimental data. We base our method on the set of one-dimensional spline approximations which form a non-linear frame of hyper-surface. The method, algorithm and software of visualization have been used in researching heat-insulating packets of clothing industry. Control of technological processes connected with the manufacturing of the packets is considered as an inverse problem. As the result we received new scientific-based parameters of the heat-insulated packets and these parameters may be used in clothes design and for the control of manufacturing technology.
Development of the analyzing system for user’s actions in the informational environment
Authors: Karpova N E , Baranov A S , Emelina A A , Konovalov A E
Published: February 2021

The main topic of the article is the analysis of user actions in a computer system and the development of a monitoring system for anomalous user actions in the information environment. To develop the system, the mathematical apparatus of fuzzy logic was used. The main advantage of information environment monitoring systems based on the theory of fuzzy sets is the ability to take into account most of the development scenarios while describing schemes for analysing flows of the information environment, as well as to track a large number of computer parameters. In the course of the study, it was revealed that the actions of intruders differ from the behaviour of ordinary users. As a result, the authors propose a developed system for monitoring anomalous user actions in the information environment, which is based on the analysis of event logs. A system operation requires an accumulation of information (audit files, data on login time and session duration, data on file deletion, etc.), on the basis of which a standard (template) of normal user behaviour is created. Then, the user’s behaviour is compared with the standard, and when anomalies are detected, the system signals deviations. This algorithm makes it possible to track a large number of user parameters to determine unauthorised access.
Evaluation of the effective dielectric capacitivity in the near-surface soil
Authors: Yashchenko A S , Krivaltsevich S V , Bobrov P P
Published: February 2021

The results of estimate of the effective dielectric permittivity a presented. We measured the soil moisture data in a toplayer 2 meters thick. This data used to calculate the view of depth’s dependence of real part of the soil’s complex dielectric permittivity and conductivity. We calculated of soil surface reflectivity at a frequency of 3 and 30 MHz. This data were used to estimate of the soil’s effective dielectric permittivity and conductivity.
Development of a Branch and Bound Algorithm for One Competitive Facility Location Problem with Elastic Demand
Authors: Levanova T , Gnusarev A
Published: February 2021

We consider a variant of the Competitive Location Problem, in which it is necessary to choose not only location, but also the design of facilities in order to maximize the share of customer demand served. It is described as an integer programming model with a nonlinear objective function. Commercial software is not suitable for finding the optimal solution to this problem in a reasonable time. Previously, Aboolian R. et al. proposed an adapted weighted greedy heuristic for this problem. In our earlier study, we developed several variants of local search algorithm. This article is devoted to development of the branch-and-bound algorithm. The scheme of branching is described, the results of a computational experiment are presented, future development possibility is discussed.
Generic complexity of algorithmic problems over Brandt semigroups
Authors: Rybalov Alexander
Published: February 2021

In this paper we present a generic polynomial algorithm for the problem about the sum of subset over Brandt semigroup with index set ℕ over any finitely defined group with polynomially decidable word problem. The problem about the sum of subset is a classical combinatorial problem, studied for many decades. This problem is very popular in cryptography, where there are many cryptosystems based on it. Myasnikov, Nikolaev, and Ushakov in 2015 introduced analogs of the problem about the sum of subset for arbitrary groups (semigroups). There are Brandt semigroups for which this problem is NP-complete. Also we propose a polynomial generic algorithm for the problem of identity checking over all finite Brandt monoids

B
n
1

. This problem is co-NP-complete in the classical sence. Generic algorithms solve problems for almost all inputs with respect to some natural measures on the set of inputs. Supported by Russian Science Foundation, grant 18-71-10028.
Numerical research of placement problem on lines with forbidden zones and routing communications
Authors: Zabudsky G G , Veremchuk N S
Published: February 2021

This paper discusses of placement problem of connected equipment (facilities) on parallel lines with forbidden zones. You can’t place equipment inside of forbidden zones. The facilities are connected among themselves and with zones by some kind of communications. The communications (routing of communications) between the facilities and between facilities and zones located on adjacent lines pass through the vertical equipment (viaduct). The target is to find the facilities placement on lines outside zones. Facilities do not must intersect among themselves. It is necessary to minimize the total cost of communications facilities among themselves and with zones. Practical usage of this problem is found, for example, in technology in the design of engineering devices. We consider cases when the viaduct placement is fixed and when its optimal placement is found. The goal function’s value for a fixed viaduct with a specified placement step is compared with the goal function for optimal placement of the viaduct. The results of numerical experiments are presented.
Implementation of new methods for non-destructing testing of diffusion coefficient in porous material products
Authors: Belyaev V P , Varepo L G , Belyaev P S , Divin A G , Pavlinov V V , Nagornova I V
Published: February 2021

New methods for non-destructive testing of diffusion coefficient in thin-sheet and massive products made of isotropic and anisotropic porous materials are considered. In contrast to the rigid structure in the known methods, the represented methods are more flexible in implementing measurement procedures due to higher accuracy of measuring the desired coefficient. Flexibility is provided by calculating experimental data in the preferred sections and by choosing there the static characteristic of the transducer with a stable and noise-proof output signal and in the ranges with high sensitivity to changes in parameters. Expressions for calculating the desired diffusion coefficient for each test subject and a generalized sequence of measurement procedures are introduced. The modified version of the information and measurement system for implementing the proposed methods is described, and the results of the research are presented.
Mathematical methods for determining the guaranteed accuracy of the components content in a mixture made by a conveyor non-mixer
Authors: Evseev A V , Preys V V , Lapina V A , Kasatkin G V
Published: February 2021

In work two mathematical techniques of studying of quality of mixes of heterogeneous (tubular) components (length gages) based on the analysis of synthesis of mix in automatic conveyor non-mixer with use of two and more drum dozers are considered. The relevance and novelty of development are shown on examples of receiving the general party of composite tubular product from small similar parties, at the determined forming of its uniformity, with the set qualitative and quantitative characteristics from heterogeneous tubular components. The criteria allowing determining the required guaranteed accuracy of maintenance of components in the mixes received on installation are also offered.
Acousto-optical method for measuring the displacements of a laser beam in two directions orthogonal to its axis
Authors: Leun E V
Published: February 2021

The issues of improving the method for controlling the two-coordinate displacements Δly and Δlz of a laser beam in the OY and OZ directions orthogonal to its OX axis are considered. It is proposed to use a fiber photodetector with a micro-optical lens at the input of the light guide to register the interference picture produced in the Fresnel zone by the first and zero diffraction orders formed by an acousto-optical (AO) modulator.

In the method, it is proposed to use a prismatic optical scheme placed in front of a single-axis AO modulator for a laser beam displaced Δly and Δlz along two axes OY and OZ, forming two output beams. For the first beam, displacements along the OY axis are excluded: Δly-var, Δlz=0, and the second beam is rotated relative to the first beam by 90° around the OX axis (i.e., Δly→Δlz) with the same exception of displacements along the OY axis with the achievement of the following: Δly=0, Δlz-var. This technique allows you to use a single-axis (1D) AO modulator to control the two-coordinate (2D) displacements Δly, Δlz of the initial laser beam. We also discuss the implementation of a differential measurement method by using two phase measuring devices: an interpolator and a phase meter, and the effect of signal noise on the resolution.
Practice of the VOF Open Foam techniques aimed to parameters prediction of the « dampening solution - paper» interaction for the printing systems
Authors: Orlova E Yu , Chernaya I V , Sultanova Yu M , Rovenskikh A A , Varepo L G , Trapeznikova O V
Published: February 2021

The results of CFD research using the VOF method with Open Foam open source are presented. In the process of study, we built a digital model allowing us to analyze and predict the process of interaction of the dampening solution with substrate (paper) surface in the measuring cell of the PDA ultrasonic device. Discretization of the area for calculation was created using the blockMesh utility. A block-structural hexahedral computational grid has been constructed. The computational grid area is presented in such a way that the number of cells increases in the direction of the paper sample. The visualization of calculations in the ParaView package coincides with the time intervals obtained on the PDA ultrasonic measuring device. The practical significance of the study lies in the realization of the possibility to evaluate the dampening solution parameters, to control the modes of its supply, taking into account the use of modern papers and printing systems.
Improving the efficiency of setting up a five-axis CNC machine in processing of helical gears using a three-dimensional probe
Authors: Safarov D T , Kondrashov A G
Published: February 2021

The most universal method of gear cutting is the method of processing the gear rims of wheels with a universal tool-disk cutters. The main dimension parameter of the gear ring, which is key for ensuring the efficiency of the gear train, is the length of the overall normal. Accurate determination of this parameter is possible only if withdrawal after trial machining and measuring it on a dedicated co-ordinate measuring machine, lost time for the process measurement details, there is a risk of adjustment in marriage. The article considers a method for measuring the length of the General normal of a skewed cylindrical wheel, which allows obtaining its exact value without removing the part after gear processing and measuring this parameter if only one cavity of the gear wheel is processed. Measurements are made using a three-dimensional linear measurement probe. Formulas for calculating the length of the General normal are given, which allow calculating the value of the length of the General normal based on the data of a three-dimensional probe. Comparison of the measurement data of gears with a three-dimensional probe and a specialized CNC gear measuring machine allows us to conclude that the measurement accuracy is sufficient in comparison with the accepted tolerance for the length of the General normal. The introduction of the method of measuring the length of the common normal with a three-dimensional indicator allowed to completely eliminate the probability of commissioning defects and reduced the complexity of carrying out machine changeovers in the mode of single and small-batch processing of gears.
Visual level measurement system application in the technological process automated control system of the recuperative furnace bath
Authors: Valke A A , Lobov D G , Shkaev A G , Shkaev A A , Ponomarev D B
Published: February 2021

The paper considers the melted material level determining problem in the recuperative furnace bath melter in technological process automated control system for the basalt mineral fiber production. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use a visual level measurement system based on the analysis and processing of the melt boundary image. A block diagram of the visual level measurement system developed by the authors is presented, and an algorithm for determining the melt level using a modified Sobel edge detection method is proposed.
Finding ways to improve the performance of welded joints based on controlled heat input and use of shock-mechanical treatment
Authors: Saraev Yu N , Kamantsev I S , Grigoryeva A A , Kuznetsov A V , Semenchuk V M , Nepomnyashchiy A S
Published: February 2021

The paper summarizes the study’s results of welded joints fatigue failure obtained by arc welding with controlled and uncontrolled heat input and shock-mechanical treatment. Based on energy parameters of the mode fixed in welding process of samples obtained at various technologies, the experiments on determination of their fatigue life were performed. The results of numerical estimation of fatigue failure of welded joints made of 09G2S steel are presented. The positive influence of shock-mechanical treatment on test samples durability is shown.
Effect of asymmetric deformation dynamics in amoeboid organism on its search ability
Authors: Saito Kenta , Suefuji Naoki , Kasai Seiya
Published: February 2021

We investigate the effect of asymmetric deformation dynamics in an amoeboid organism on its search ability using a model amoeba. The model represents the behaviours of the amoeboid organism and its search ability is evaluated by searching for the solution to a Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT). We found that the efficiency of the search is significantly improved by implementing asymmetric delays in response to the feedback signals that increase and decrease the variable under appropriate errors. The results indicate that the model could search around the variable vector space by means of the appropriate combination of the inherent local search in the model and the error-induced global search. The results also show that the asymmetric response delays bias the variable to the values that can satisfy the SAT. We also demonstrate that an analog electronic system implementing the amoeba model with asymmetric dynamics possesses the search characteristics of the model.
A bioinspired navigation strategy that uses magnetic signatures to navigate without GPS in a linearized northern Atlantic ocean: a simulation study
Authors: Taylor Brian K , Bernish Margaret K , Pizzuti Susan A , Kehl Catherine E
Published: February 2021

Certain animal species use the Earth’s magnetic field (i.e. magnetoreception) in conjunction with other sensory modalities to navigate long distances. It is hypothesized that several animals use combinations of magnetic inclination and intensity as unique signatures for localization, enabling migration without a pre-surveyed map. However, it is unknown how animals use magnetic signatures to generate guidance commands, and the extent to which species-specific capabilities and environmental factors affect a given strategy’s efficacy or deterioration. Understanding animal magnetoreception can aid in developing better engineered navigation systems that are less reliant on satellites, which are expensive and can become unreliable or unavailable under a variety of circumstances. Building on previous studies, we implement an agent-based computer simulation that uses two variants of a magnetic signature-based navigation strategy. The strategy can successfully migrate to eight specified goal points in an environment that resembles the northern Atlantic ocean. In particular, one variant reaches all goal points with faster ocean current velocities, while the other variant reaches all goal points with slower ocean current velocities. We also employ dynamic systems tools to examine the stability of the strategy as a proxy for whether it is guaranteed to succeed. The findings demonstrate the efficacy of the strategy and can help in the development of new navigation technologies that are less reliant on satellites and pre-surveyed maps.
Stem cells based in vitro models: trends and prospects in biomaterials cytotoxicity studies
Authors: Ahmed Uzair , Ahmed Rashid , Masoud Muhammad Shareef , Tariq Muhammad , Ashfaq Usman Ali , Augustine Robin , Hasan Anwarul
Published: February 2021

Advanced biomaterials are increasingly used for numerous medical applications from the delivery of cancer-targeted therapeutics to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The issues of foreign body reactions induced by biomaterials must be controlled for preventing treatment failure. Therefore, it is important to assess the biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of biomaterials on cell culture systems before proceeding to in vivo studies in animal models and subsequent clinical trials. Direct use of biomaterials on animals create technical challenges and ethical issues and therefore, the use of non-animal models such as stem cell cultures could be useful for determination of their safety. However, failure to recapitulate the complex in vivo microenvironment have largely restricted stem cell cultures for testing the cytotoxicity of biomaterials. Nevertheless, properties of stem cells such as their self-renewal and ability to differentiate into various cell lineages make them an ideal candidate for in vitro screening studies. Furthermore, the application of stem cells in biomaterials screening studies may overcome the challenges associated with the inability to develop a complex heterogeneous tissue using primary cells. Currently, embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells are being used as in vitro preliminary biomaterials testing models with demonstrated advantages over mature primary cell or cell line based in vitro models. This review discusses the status and future directions of in vitro stem cell-based cultures and their derivatives such as spheroids and organoids for the screening of their safety before their application to animal models and human in translational research.
Robust short-term scheduling based on information-gap decision theory for cascade reservoirs considering bilateral contract fulfillment and day-ahead market bidding in source systems
Authors: Yu Xuguang , Li Gang , Li Yapeng , Cheng Chuntian
Published: February 2021

China is implementing a new power system reform, with one goal of renewable energy absorption such as hydropower. However, the forthcoming spot market challenges cascade hydropower generation in terms of the short-term hydro scheduling (STHS) problem. Specifically, STHS involves fulfilling bilateral market obligations and bidding for the day-ahead market with uncertainty. Coordination of these two tasks while managing market risks becomes a problem that must be urgently solved. Herein, we propose a method based on the information-gap decision theory (IGDT) to solve the cascade hydropower STHS problem, wherein the aforementioned tasks are coordinated simultaneously. The IGDT method was used to deal with the uncertainty of the day-ahead market price, and the robustness function was derived. A mixed-integer nonlinear programming model was used to describe the proposed problem, and a commercial solver was used to solve it. A four-reservoir cascade hydropower company was used as the research object. Through the robust dispatching results, the preset profit objectives of the power generation company were satisfied within the price information gap, and the day-ahead market bidding strategy and daily contract decomposition curve were obtained. The proposed model is found to be superior to the scenario-based probability method. Moreover, a comparative analysis of bilateral contract fulfillment showed that more profits can be obtained by coordinating contract fulfillment in the day-ahead market.
The effect of current and future maternal exposure to near-surface ozone on preterm birth in 30 European countries—an EU-wide health impact assessment
Authors: Ekland Johan , Olsson David , Forsberg Bertil , Andersson Camilla , Orru Hans
Published: February 2021

Preterm birth is the largest contributor to neonatal mortality globally and it is also associated with several adverse health outcomes. Recent studies have found an association between maternal exposure to air pollution and an increased risk for preterm birth. As a constituent of air pollution, ozone is a highly reactive molecule with several negative health effects when present near earth’s surface. This health impact assessment aims to estimate the proportion of preterm births—in current and future situations—attributable to maternal ozone exposure in 30 European countries (EU30). A literature search was performed using relevant keywords, followed by meta-analysis with STATA software in which five studies investigating exposure-response relationship of interest were included. The attributable proportion, and number of cases, was modelled with the software AirQ+ against current and future European ozone concentrations. According to our meta-analysis, the relative risk for giving birth preterm was calculated to 1.027 (95% CI 1.009–1.046) per 10μg m−3increase in ozone concentration. This rendered 7.1% (95% CI 2.5–11.7) of preterm births attributable to maternal ozone exposure to in EU30 during 2010, which is equal to approximately 27 900 cases. By 2050, the projected decrease in ozone precursor emissions rendered an estimated 30% decrease of ozone attributable preterm births. Not taking emission change into account, due to climate change the ozone-related preterm birth burden might slightly increase by 2050 in Central and Southern Europe, and decrease in Eastern and Northern Europe. In summation, these numbers make a substantial impact on public health.
Nutrient enrichment changes water transport structures of savanna woody plants
Authors: Costa Lucas Silva , De Moura Clapton Olimpio , Bucci Sandra Janet , Sonsin-Oliveira Julia , Gomes Sueli Maria , Bustamante Mercedes Maria Da Cunha
Published: February 2021

Brazilian savanna is a seasonally dry biome, highly diverse and distributed mainly on nutrient-limited soils. Interactions between water stress and nutrient availability are important evolutionary filters in these environments. Previous evidence indicated that reducing the nutritional limitation increases growth rate, optimizes water transport and decreases stomatal conductance in woody plants. However, the anatomical mechanisms that explain such responses are not well-understood. We studied the effects of long-term (20 years) nutrient addition (N, NP and P) on soil chemistry and hydraulic morphological and anatomical traits in six dominant woody savanna species. Nutrient addition and decrease in soil moisture, probably related to changes in grass cover, influenced the plant hydraulic traits at the anatomical level, namely increasing the xylem vessels’ diameter. Consequently, the specific theoretical xylem conductivity (K
tx) increased in five species under NP and P addition. Additionally, the stomatal pore index (SPI) decreased with species-specific responses regarding the intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE). Four species had higher vulnerability to cavitation (l
vul) under NP and P addition. Using community-weighted mean and structural equation modeling approaches, we observed that nutrient enrichment at the community level did not affect iWUE, while the vulnerability to cavitation (l
vul) strongly increased. The K
tx and SPI were positively and negatively affected by nutrient addition, respectively, but the effects were not as strong as expected due to contrasting species responses. These changes optimized water transport with a hydraulic safety cost and reduced water loss. In comparison with responses to N addition, the greater P-limitation in Cerrado vegetation explains the inter-specific convergence in the responses of P-fertilized individuals. We showed that long-term responses to increased nutrient availability in dystrophic soils include anatomical changes in savanna woody vegetation with relevant interactions with soil-plant–atmosphere water relations.
Modest capacity of no-till farming to offset emissions over 21st century
Authors: Graham Michael W , Thomas R Quinn , Lombardozzi Danica L , O’Rourke Megan E
Published: February 2021

‘No-till’ (NT) agriculture, which eliminates nearly all physical disturbance of the soil surface on croplands, has been widely promoted as a means of soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration with the potential to mitigate climate change. Here we provide the first global estimates of the SOC sequestration potential of NT adoption using a global land surface model (LSM). We use an LSM to simulate losses of SOC due to intensive tillage (IT) over the historical time period (1850–2014), followed by future simulations (2015–2100) assessing the SOC sequestration potential of adopting NT globally. Historical losses due to simulated IT practices ranged from 6.8 to 16.8 Gt C, or roughly 5%–13% of the 133 Gt C of global cumulative SOC losses attributable to agriculture reported elsewhere. Cumulative SOC sequestration in NT simulations over the entire 21st century was equivalent to approximately one year of current fossil fuel emissions and ranged between 6.6 and 14.4 Gt C (0.08–0.17 Gt C yr−1). Modeled increases in SOC sequestration under NT were concentrated in cool, humid temperate regions, with minimal SOC gains in the tropics. These results indicate that the global potential for SOC sequestration from NT adoption may be more limited than reported in some studies and promoted by policymakers. Our incorporation of tillage practices into an LSM is a major step toward integration of soil tillage as a management practice into LSMs and associated Earth system models. Future work should focus on improving process-understanding of tillage practices and their integration into LSMs, as well as resolving modeled versus observed estimates of SOC sequestration from NT adoption, particularly in the tropics.
Mapping and understanding the vulnerability of northern peatlands to permafrost thaw at scales relevant to community adaptation planning
Authors: Gibson C , Cottenie K , Gingras-Hill T , Kokelj S V , Baltzer J L , Chasmer L , Turetsky M R
Published: February 2021

Developing spatially explicit permafrost datasets and climate assessments at scales relevant to northern communities is increasingly important as land users and decision makers incorporate changing permafrost conditions in community and adaptation planning. This need is particularly strong within the discontinuous permafrost zone of the Northwest Territories (NWT) Canada where permafrost peatlands are undergoing rapid thaw due to a warming climate. Current data products for predicting landscapes at risk of thaw are generally built at circumpolar scales and do not lend themselves well to fine-scale regional interpretations. Here, we present a new permafrost vulnerability dataset that assesses the degree of permafrost thaw within peatlands across a 750 km latitudinal gradient in the NWT. This updated dataset provides spatially explicit estimates of where peatland thermokarst potential exists, thus making it much more suitable for local, regional or community usage. Within southern peatland complexes, we show that permafrost thaw affects up to 70% of the peatland area and that thaw is strongly mediated by both latitude and elevation, with widespread thaw occuring particularly at low elevations. At the northern end of our latitudinal gradient, peatland permafrost remains climate-protected with relatively little thaw. Collectively these results demonstrate the importance of scale in permafrost analyses and mapping if research is to support northern communities and decision makers in a changing climate. This study offers a more scale-appropriate approach to support community adaptative planning under scenarios of continued warming and widespread permafrost thaw.
CMIP6 projects less frequent seasonal soil moisture droughts over China in response to different warming levels
Authors: Chen Sisi , Yuan Xing
Published: February 2021

Seasonal drought occurrences are found to increase across different regions over China under global warming, but with large uncertainties among models. With ten selected Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) climate models and seven CMIP6 models according to their performances in reproducing historical drought trends (p < 0.1), here we show that future seasonal soil moisture (SM) droughts over China projected by CMIP6 models are less frequent than that by CMIP5 models. We find national mean seasonal drought frequency is projected to increase by 28 ± 4% based on CMIP5 models at 1.5 °C global warming level, but only increase by 18 ± 6% based on CMIP6 models and 12 ± 4% based on land surface model ensemble simulations driven by downscaled CMIP5 models. Compared with CMIP6, CMIP5 projection suggests larger increase in precipitation but also larger increase in evapotranspiration, leading to more frequent seasonal SM droughts. Comparing the results at 3 °C global warming level with those at 1.5 °C, drought frequency over China will increase further by 10 ± 4%, but drought duration will decrease by 6 ± 4%, suggesting more frequent seasonal SM droughts with shorter durations will occur in a warming future. The future increase in China drought frequency will reduce from 12%–45% based on selected climate models to 3%–27% based on all available models (30 CMIP5 models and 31 CMIP6 models), which indicates that the model selection is critical for future drought projection. Nevertheless, CMIP6 still projects less frequent seasonal SM droughts than CMIP5 even without any model discriminations.
Multihumped nondegenerate fundamental bright solitons in N-coupled nonlinear Schrödinger system
Authors: Ramakrishnan R , Stalin S , Lakshmanan M
Published: February 2021

In this letter we report the existence of nondegenerate fundamental bright soliton solution for coupled multi-component nonlinear Schrödinger equations of Manakov type. To derive this class of nondegenerate vector soliton solutions, we adopt the Hirota bilinear method with appropriate general class of seed solutions. Very interestingly the obtained nondegenerate fundamental soliton solution of the N-coupled nonlinear Schrödinger (CNLS) system admits multi-hump natured intensity profiles. We explicitly demonstrate this specific property by considering the nondegenerate soliton (NDS) solutions for 3 and 4-CNLS systems. We also point out the existence of a special class of partially NDS solutions by imposing appropriate restrictions on the wavenumbers in the already obtained completely NDS solution. Such class of soliton solutions can also exhibit multi-hump profile structures. Finally, we present the stability analysis of nondegenerate fundamental soliton of the 3-CNLS system as an example. The numerical results confirm the stability of triple-humped profile nature against perturbations of 5% and 10% white noise. The multi-hump nature of nondegenerate fundamental soliton solution will be useful in multi-level optical communication applications with enhanced flow of data in multi-mode fibers.
Study on the Treatment Effect of the Oily Wastewater by the Biological Soil Aquifer Treatment System
Authors: Han Zhiyong , Shang Ziming , Xu Rongfu , Kong Quancun , Du Chengzhen , Wu Jie , Wang Tingting
Published: February 2021

Soil aquifer treatment with physical, chemical and biological functions for oily wastewater treatment was put forward and strain identification, best growth conditions was studied in this paper, including temperature, pH, diesel oil content and inorganic salt concentrations. Firstly, the oily wastewater treatment effect and the influence factors of the SAT was investigated. Then, the oil degradation bacteria were domesticated, screened and purified and its degradation characteristics were studied and build a biological SAT(bioSAT). Thirdly, the oily wastewater was treated by the bioSAT and the effect was investigated. At last, to confirm the optimal treatment conditions. The research results showed that: 5 bacteria strains were identified as following: Enterococcus faecalis-L1, Lysiniibacillus-L2, Bacillus sp-L3, Rhodococcus equi-L4 and Ochrobactrum-L5. Based on their ability to degrade oil, L-2 and L-4 were selected and their growth conditions majorized. Optimum bacteria growth was recorded at 2% substrate (diesel) concentration, pH 7-8, temperature range between 25°C and 30°C and inorganic salt concentration range from 1 g/L to 3 g/L for the bacteria strains L2 and L4. The equilibrium concentration was reached on the 30th day, and the highest removal rates of 84.63% and 99.23% were reached on the 36th day.
Environmental Information Quality Guarantee System Based on the Perspective of Policy Tools
Authors: Jiang Wuyue , Cao Liang , Huang Yanmei
Published: February 2021

This paper analyzes the evolution of China’s environmental quality guarantee system and provides some Suggestions for future environmental policy tool selection. Based on the perspective of policy tools, this paper sorts out the policy texts issued at the central level and divides them into three categories: command control, market incentive and public participation. The content analysis method and Nvivo11plus qualitative data analysis tool were used to carry out qualitative analysis on the three types of policy tools, and the change chart of China’s environmental policy tool selection was drawn. In general, the use of three kinds of policy tools in China has gradually changed from simple, “obligation standard” and direct regulation to complex, “right standard” and joint regulation, but there is still a large deviation in the use of environmental policy tools.
Environmental Material Research of Infrared Light Responsive Self-healing Graphene-based Thermoplastic Polyurethane
Authors: Wang Yuehui , Zhou Zhimin , Zhang Jiahao , Tang Jinyuan , Wu Peiyu
Published: February 2021

Graphene-based thermoplastic polyurethane (G-TPU) composite materials were prepared and used for the fabrication of G-TPU film. The thermal conductivity and infrared radiation (IR) response and self-healing performances of the G-TPU film were studied. The experimental results reveal that the thermal conductivity of the TPU film was improved through the incorporation of graphene and increases with increasing of the graphene mass content. The G-TPU film displays a good IR thermal response characteristic. After heated by IR illumination, the temperatures of the G-TPU composite film incorporation of graphene of 0.2 wt% and 1.5 wt%, reach to 92.9 °C and 109.1 °C respectively. When the graphene mass content is in the range 0.6 wt% - 1.2 wt%, the crack on the G-TPU film can be completely healed via IR illumination.
Research on Spatial Resource Planning of Land and Sea Co-ordination
Authors: Li Aining , Kang Minjie
Published: February 2021

Land and sea coordination is an important principle of land and space development and utilization, but there is a lack of land and sea integrated spatial resource planning research. This paper analyses the connotation, characteristics and principles of land-sea spatial resource planning, and discusses the relationship between land-sea spatial resource planning and related zoning planning. On the basis of the regional system structure of man-land relationship, the adaptive management technology system of land-sea spatial resource planning is constructed. The theory of land and sea planning can provide a theoretical reference for the optimal allocation of sea space resources, and its technical system has certain reference significance for enriching the existing sea area management technology.
Analysis on the Current Situation and Development Trend of China’s Electrification Level and Electric Energy Substitution under the Background of Carbon Neutral
Authors: Tang Wei , Wu Peng , Zhang Yu , Cao Xiaodong
Published: February 2021

There is still room for improvement in China’s electrification level, and power substitution is an important grasp to improve the level of electrification. The implementation of electric energy substitution can promote energy transformation, realize green development and support the realization of carbon neutral goal. After analysis, the power substitution is still the main force to improve the level of electrification in various fields during the “14th five year plan”.
Privacy Protection Strategy of Vehicle-to-Grid Network Based on Consortium Blockchain and Attribute-based Signature
Authors: Wei Guochen , Ma Yonghong
Published: February 2021

V2G(vehicle-to-grid) is an integral part of the smart grid. To deploy a V2G network on a large scale, it is necessary to solve network security and trustworthiness and privacy protection of electric vehicle users (EV). Therefore, this paper proposes a privacy protection strategy for V2G networks based on consortium blockchain and attribute-based signature and designs an overall implementation scheme including system initialization, EV registration, anonymous authentication, optimized scheduling, local services, block construction and consensus mechanism. The strategy also uses the K-anonymity to protect the privacy of the EV’s geographic location, making it well compatible with charging and discharging services. Finally, security and performance analysis proved the feasibility of design scheme.
Research on Dynamic Simulation of Vehicle ACC Based on Active Disturbance Rejection Control Technology
Authors: Zhang Aodi , Gan Haiyun , Yan Ying
Published: February 2021

To improve the robustness and safety of the vehicle’s adaptive cruise control system, this paper designs an active disturbance rejection controller (ACC_ADRC) with strong robustness. The upper controller is based on the active disturbance rejection control algorithm, obtains the expected acceleration of the vehicle according to the relative speed and relative distance of the preceding vehicle. The lower controller is based on PI control, according to the expected acceleration, it realizes the adaptive cruise control of the vehicle by controlling the throttle opening and the pressure of the master cylinder. Finally, based on the ADAS HIL simulation platform, the controller of this research and a mass production controller (ACC_MP) were simulated and verified. The simulation results show that compared with the ACC_MP controller, the ACC_ADRC controller has stronger robustness and reduces the overshoot of speed, acceleration and distance, and effectively improves the comfort and safety of the vehicle.
Retraction: Decoupling Evolutionary Programming from Gigabit Switches in Neural Networks (IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering
381 012184)
Authors: Ling Hangkun
Published: February 2021

This article has been retracted by IOP Publishing on 17 February 2021 in light of clear evidence that it was computer generated. IOP Publishing is investigating why this was not identified during the submission and peer review process by the conference. As a member of the Committee for Publication Ethics (COPE) this has been investigated in accordance with COPE guidelines and it was agreed the article should be retracted.

Retraction published: 17 February 2021
Coating performance of hexagonal boron nitride and graphene layers
Authors: Li Xuemei , Long Yuyang , Ma Limin , Li Jidong , Yin Jun , Guo Wanlin
Published: February 2021

The shrinking size and compact structure of modern precision equipment require ultra-thin but reliable functional coating. Few layers of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and graphene have a dense hexagonal lattice, distinguished electrical conductivity, good lubricity, excellent thermal and chemical stability, and can be both fabricated in large area with high quality, making them ideal candidates for atomically thin multifunctional coatings. In this review, we summarize the performance of h-BN and graphene coatings from four aspects, anti-corrosion and anti-oxidation, wetting, lubrication and electromagnetic interference shielding. Possible failure routes for their long term protection against oxidation and corrosion are comprehensively discussed, accompanying with the optimization routes. We further suggest prospects for developments of h-BN and graphene coatings.
Befeathering the European: The Matter of Feathers in the Material Renaissance
Authors: Rublack Ulinka
Published: February 2021

This article contributes to the material turn. It shows how an inquiry into the social life of materiality, with distinctive methodologies such as reconstruction and object-led-approaches, changes our understanding of the past. It advances our thinking about the emergence and significance of cross-cultural objects in the context of cultural exchange. The article charts the spectacular rise in importance of feathers in dress during the Renaissance, its relation to collecting practices and relevance well into the seventeenth century. It argues that meanings of featherwork in Europe were influenced by encounters with the Americas, whose artistry sixteenth-century Europeans greatly admired. The dyeing of feathers in multiple colors for headwear and its crafting into intricate shapes turned into a major European fashion trend. Crafts and materials linked to embodied sensory perception and emotional responses. This revises accounts which present this age purely as one of conspicuous consumption designed to celebrate the prestige of rich patrons and instead enquires into how materials interacted with human perception and the mind. Male consumers decisively shaped taste communities. To understand this uncharted and surprising history we need to explore the first age of globalization.