bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regional Differences in Genetic Profiles of Uterine Cervical Cancer in Okinawa, Japan
Authors: Maemoto Hitoshi , Sakihama Shugo , Karube Kennosuke , Kudaka Wataru , Nakamoto Tomoko , Taira Yusuke , Arakaki Yoshihisa , Shimoji Yuko , Nishie Akihiro
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Regional differences in genomic mutation profiles of uterine cervical cancer have been reported. Japanese people are divided into two genetic background clusters, originating from mainland Japan and Okinawa. No studies have examined gene mutation profiles of cervical cancer in Okinawa. This study aimed to investigate the mutation profile of cervical cancer in Okinawa in addition to predictive genetic mutations for prognosis after definitive radiotherapy for cervical cancer. Methods: Twenty-three patients with biopsy-proven squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the intact uterine cervix who were treated with definitive radiotherapy were analyzed. Genomic DNA was extracted from fresh frozen tissue samples collected by tumor biopsy prior to treatment. Variants of 224 cancer-related genes were identified using next-generation sequencing. Genetic mutations were identified and their associations with clinical outcomes were examined. Results: A total of 29 gene mutations were observed in 16 patients, including nine recurrent mutations: SCN7A (17%), PIK3CA (13%), FGFR4 (13%), USP6 (13%), SETD2 (9%), KIT (9%), TSC1 (9%), SERPING1 (9%), and NOTCH3 (9%). Significant mutations in ARID1A, FBXW7, PTEN, TP53, and EP300, reported as relatively common in cervical cancer in other regions were not detected. The rate of 2-year overall survival and progression-free survival was 95.5% and 73.4%, respectively. No significant differences were observed between gene mutations and either survival. Conclusions: The findings indicate that the gene mutation profiles of cervical cancer in Okinawa may differ from those in other regions. Genetic mutations were not identified as significant prognostic factors after definitive radiotherapy.
Utilizing Simulation Software to Develop Injection Molding Process Windows
Authors: O’Leary Travis , Mulyana Rachmat , Castro Jose M
Published: February 2025

As the injection molding industry has grown, so has the use of injection molding simulation software. While design groups have utilized the abilities of simulation software, its use is often underutilized by process engineers. To expand the application of simulation software to manufacturing groups, this work focuses on developing injection molding process windows through the predictions of simulation software. Process windows are a set of operating conditions and limits that allow for the manufacturing of an acceptable injection molded part. A methodology was developed for the construction of process windows by testing numerous combinations of controllable process variables in the filling and packing stage of the injection molding process. The methodology additionally allows for modifications so that the process can be tailored to each manufacturer’s desired product performance measures. Each process window developed was experimentally validated showing that each combination of controllable process variables represented by the process window resulted in an acceptable part. The experimental validation of the process windows establishes confidence in the software’s ability to aid manufacturing groups to successfully run their operations.
Analysis of Two Methods of Reducing the Wild Boar Population in Urban Areas on the Example of the Szczecin Agglomeration, Poland
Authors: Felska-Błaszczyk Lidia , Czeraszkiewicz Ryszard , Pilarczyk Renata
Published: February 2025

Due to conflict situations emerging from human-wild boar interactions and the outbreak of African swine fever in Poland, there was a need to reduce the population of wild boars inhabiting urban areas. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of two methods of such treatment – trapping and sanitary shooting, primarily in terms of reducing the adult population. The research hypothesis was that shooting was a more effective method of reducing adult wild boars compared to trapping. The data were collected over a period of 13 years, from 2008 to 2020. During this period, wild boar reduction in Szczecin was performed by trapping into live cages and relocating wild boars to hunting areas, and by sanitary shooting. The latter method proved to be a more effective method of reducing wild boars in the city, especially adult individuals, which confirmed the research hypothesis.
Social Dynamics Established Through Sport: Implications for the Sports Training of Athletes in Basketball
Authors: Maciel Larissa Fernanda Porto , Ibañez Sérgio José , Beirith Mariana Klauck , Folle Alexandra
Published: February 2025

This article aimed to identify the influence of the social dynamics experienced by basketball players, specifically the type of support and help they received during their formative years in the sport. To this end, we conducted a mixed-method study with a sequential explanatory design. Quantitative data was collected from Brazilian athletes aged 18 and 19 (n = 141), followed by in-depth interviews with 24 athletes. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine the differences between the age groups, and the association between the qualitative variables was analyzed using the Chi2 test, which was aided by the SPSS statistical program. Thematic Analysis guided the coding and analysis of the qualitative data. The results showed that the family provided support at all formative stages, with the type and amount of the support supplied changing over time. Three types of support provided by family members were identified, with emotional and tangible support being more prevalent up to age 17. In contrast, informational support was more prominent in the final phase of the sport's training. Peers mainly provided emotional and informational support, especially from the age of 15. The results showed that the club, the school, and the coaches supported the athletes to keep playing basketball, usually transportation, scholarships, food, and athlete grants. These findings provide valuable information on the dynamic nature of social relationships in the athlete development process. They also show that the support offered influences the wider environment to optimize or hinder athletic development in basketball.
Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activity of 4-Aminoquinoline Derivatives: Exploring Antibacterial Efficacy, MRSA Inhibition, and PBP2a Docking Insights
Authors: Al-Momani Lo’ay Ahmed , Abu Shawar Ula A. , Abu Sarhan Ayman H. , Shahin Rand , Koutentis Panayiotis A. , Abu-Sini Mohammad K. , Mohammad Nada J.
Published: February 2025

4-Aminoquinoline derivatives were synthesized on a small scale using a novel microwave-assisted method, and scaled up in sealed tubes. The synthesis adhered to green chemistry principles, employing a solvent-free approach for both the reaction and purification. The purification was achieved through simple washing, no need for column chromatography. All reactions were conducted at temperatures between 90–150 ºC within 90–120 minutes, achieving yields of up to 95%. The products were characterized using FT-IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, and HR-MS spectrometry. Antibacterial and antifungal activity testing revealed that four compounds exhibited moderate antibacterial activity. Compound 6-chlorocyclopentaquinolinamine demonstrated a strong MIC of 0.125 mM against MRSA, while compound 2-fluorocycloheptaquinolinamine showed a MIC of 0.25 mM against S. pyogenes. A Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) docking study was conducted within the Penicillin Binding Protein (PBP) binding site. Docking analysis of anti-MRSA com-pounds 7-chlorophenylquinolinamine, 6-chlorocyclopentaquinolinamine, and 2-fluorocycloheptaquinolinamine in the MRSA PBP2a binding pocket (PDB: 4DK1) revealed that 6-chlorocyclopentaquinolinamine and 7-chlorophenylquinolinamine interacted via hydrophobic (ALA601, ILE614), hydrogen bonding (GLN521), and halogen interactions (TYR519, THR399). Compound 6-chlorocyclopentaquinolinamine exhibited superior MRSA inhibition (20 mm inhibition zone vs. 12.5 mm for 7-chlorophenylquinolinamine), attributed to additional π-alkyl interactions and favorable docking parameters, including higher Ligscore2 (4.03), PLP1 (59.15), and Dock Score (34.31). In contrast, compound 2-fluorocycloheptaquinolinamine exhibited weaker activity due to its bulky structure, limited interactions, and less favorable docking scores.
Impact of First Stage Moderated Mediation on Capital Structure, Firm Size, Firm Value and Financial Distress
Authors: Bin Shahid Osama
Published: February 2025

The paper seeks to find the direct and indirect association amongst capital structure and firm value among all the non financial firms listed in PSX from (2014-2019). Secondary panel data was used to conduct analysis. Structural equation modelling technique in Stata was used to estimate the direct effects. MedSEM, aspecial package for Stata, was used to estimate the indirect effects. Results showed that capital structure had nodirect effect on value of the firm, but financial distress mediated the association amongst capital structure and value of the firm. Substantial indirect effect clearly manifests the existence of indirect nature of association amongst capital structure and value of the firm.
Investigating Consumers' Perceptions and Motivations Behind Edible Insects in Greece: A Grounded Theory Approach
Authors: Fountouli Anastasia , Raptou Elena , Polymeros Konstantinos , Tsakiridou Efthimia , Varzakas Theodoros
Published: February 2025

Background: Edible insects constitute a healthy food source with high nutritional value, promoted in coordinated efforts to address global food insecurity by providing a sustainable alternative to tradi-tional animal protein. The present study sought to explore consumers’ perceptions and attitudes to-ward insect consumption, and also define the main motivational factors influencing public awareness and acceptance toward entomophagy. Methods: Using a qualitative research design, individual-level data were selected from a sample of 70 consumers in Greece via semi-structured personal in-depth interviews. The Grounded Theory frame-work was adopted to develop awareness, perception and acceptance drivers. Results: Although a small proportion of participants completely ignored the usage of insects as food and food ingredients, the great majority demonstrated abhorrence toward entomophagy, describing feelings of disgust and repulsion. Furthermore, respondents seemed to be reluctant towards the inclusion of edible insects and insect-based food options available to consumer markets through the food pro-cessing businesses and food distribution channels. Food safety concerns were strong since many con-sumers seemed to question the regulations in insect cultivation and the preparation of insect-based foods. Conclusions: Lack of information and cultural influences were found to restrict consumers’ acceptance of entomophagy, whereas health and food safety concerns comprised an inhibiting factor in incorporating edible insects and insect components in the Greek cuisine. This study emphasized the need for a holis-tic information plan, which will help both food businesses and consumers understand the vital role of edible insects in modern food environments.
Meridiani Planum Mineralogy Along Part of the Opportunity Rover Track Based on the Mini‐TES Spectrum
Authors: Natalia Zalewska , Czechowski Leszek
Published: February 2025

The research uses data from the Mini-TES infrared spectrometer of the Opportunity rover taken at selected locations along its route on Meridiani Planum on Mars. Using emissivity data, the corresponding mineralogical compositions were calculated. Generally, the results are consistent with previous works, in particular they indicate the widespread occurrence of clay minerals and minerals from basaltic rocks. However, several interesting facts were also noted. Among other things, clear changes in the hematite content were found, suggesting that on certain area spherical concretions (known as blueberries) may be devoid of hematite. A similar phenomenon is known from studies of terrestrial concretions. Moreover the possibility of pyrite existence was found on a certain section of the route. On Earth, pyrite often occurs with economically valuable minerals.
Educational Innovation for Sustainability: An Interdisciplinary Model of Road Decarbonization in Higher Education
Authors: Pino Tarragó Julio , OSEJOS-MERINO Miguel-Angel , dominguez galvez dunia lisbet , rodriguez rodriguez Aberto
Published: February 2025

This study develops an interdisciplinary pedagogical model for the decarbonization of road infrastructure, integrating teaching, research, and community engagement at the Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabí. Project-based learning (PBL) was implemented with 120 Civil, Environmental, and Forestry Engineering students to design green corridors along the Jipijapa-Puerto Cayo road. A quasi-experimental design was employed, incorporating a control group and an experimental group, with specific rubrics and statistical analysis used to assess technical and transversal competencies. The results indicated significant improvements (p < 0.05) in skills related to GIS, drones, and life cycle analysis, with an average increase of 40% in the experimental group. Additionally, eight sustainable projects were developed, projecting a 25% reduction in carbon footprint compared to conventional approaches. At the community level, a 30% increase in vegetation cover was observed, along with a positive impact on ecotourism. These findings support the model as an effective strategy for sustainability education, aligning with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 4 and 13, and providing a replicable framework for similar educational and environmental contexts.
Intention Recognition for Digital Forensics: A Formal Model
Authors: Kassa Yidnekachew Worku , James Joshua Isaac , Belay Elefelious Getachew
Published: February 2025

The rapid advancement of technology has been matched by a significant rise in cybercrime, posing substantial challenges for digital forensics investigators who must handle increasingly complex cases and navigate vast volumes of evidence. While current research on intent recognition has largely focused on cybersecurity measures for preventing attacks, there has been a noticeable gap in the integration of legal intent analysis with technical digital forensics. This paper addresses this gap by presenting an innovative model that combines legal and technical perspectives through a formal model. The model consists of three core components—Evidence Analysis, Intent Recognition, and a Criminal Repository—that systematically process digital evidence, reconstruct crime scenes, identify criminal intent, and offer recommendations for the conviction process. Using formal methods, the model rigorously defines key concepts such as crime, intent, and intent types, ensuring its robustness and reliability. By stimulating the model using phishing attack scenarios, we validate the model’s capability, demonstrating its ability to identify various types of intent and manage complex cases. Looking forward, we suggest implementing the model by incorporating advanced AI approaches, particularly Agentic AI, or combining logic-based methods with explainable AI. This advancement would help address huge volume-related challenges of digital forensics and provide a powerful tool for modern investigative practices.
Biswas-Chatterjee-Sen model on Solomon Networks in (1 ≤ D ≤ 6)-Dimensional Lattices
Authors: Oliveira Gessineide Sousa , Alencar David Santana , Alves Tayroni Alencar , Neto José Ferreira , Alves Gladstone Alencar , Filho Antônio Macedo , Ferreira Ronan Silva , Lima Francisco Welington , Plascak João Antônio
Published: February 2025

The discrete version of the Biswas-Chatterjee-Sen model, defined on D-dimensional hypercubic Solomon networks, with 1≤D≤6, has been studied by means of extensive Monte Carlo simulations. Thermodynamic-like variables have been computed as a function of the external noise probability. Finite-size scaling theory, applied to different network sizes, has been utilized in order to characterize the phase transition the system presents in the thermodynamic limit. It has been noticed that the model undergoes a second-order phase transition for all considered dimensions. Despite the lower critical dimension being zero, this dynamical system seems not having any upper critical dimension, since the critical exponents change with D and go away from the expected mean-field values. Although larger networks could not be simulated because the number of sites drastically increases with the dimension D, the scaling regime has been achieved when computing the critical exponent ratios. However, logarithm corrections to scaling are present when analyzing the behavior of the critical noise probability.
Reversible Imprinting and Retrieval of Quantum Information: Experimental Verification of the Quantum Memory Matrix Hypothesis
Authors: Neukart Florian , Marx Eike , Vinokur Valerii
Published: February 2025

We present a series of quantum computing experiments designed to test a central prediction of the Quantum Memory Matrix (QMM) hypothesis—that quantum information can be locally stored in finite-dimensional cells of space–time and later retrieved in a fully unitary and reversible manner. Our work encompasses five distinct experiments: a basic three-qubit imprint–retrieval cycle, an extended five-qubit model implementing two parallel cycles, and variations that incorporate dynamic evolution and controlled error injection. In each case, a field qubit is prepared in an arbitrary superposition and its state is imprinted onto memory qubit(s) via controlled-Ry gates, with subsequent controlled-SWAP operations retrieving the stored information into output qubit(s). Execution on a real IBM Quantum Processing Unit using the Qiskit Runtime service yielded significant correlations between the initially prepared field states and the retrieved outputs, with fidelities that, while subject to hardware noise and decoherence, consistently demonstrate the reversible and unitary nature of the process. These results not only confirm the basic imprint–retrieval cycle as predicted by the QMM hypothesis, but also establish a scalable experimental methodology that may ultimately contribute to resolving challenges such as the black hole information paradox and advancing our understanding of quantum gravity.
Exploring the Impact of Emerging Technologies on Supply Chain Resilience and Agility
Authors: Holloway Samuel
Published: February 2025

This study examines the impact of new technologies on supply chain management (SCM) and their contribution to resilience and agility in contemporary corporate operations. Global supply chains are encountering heightened complexity and susceptibility to disruptions; technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, the Internet of Things (IoT), additive manufacturing, and digital twins have been recognized as pivotal facilitators of supply chain adaptability and sustainability. This research examines the impact of these technologies on supply chains' capacity to react to disturbances, adapt to changing market circumstances, and sustain uninterrupted operations during crises. The study used a qualitative methodology, doing comprehensive interviews with industry experts, managers, and practitioners to ascertain the application of these technologies in actual supply chains. The results indicate that while the integration of these technologies might markedly enhance operational efficiency, traceability, and decision-making, obstacles such as elevated implementation costs, reluctance to change, and the need for specialized skills remain. The study underscores the need of a deliberate methodology for technology integration and ongoing investment in developing competencies for navigating complex, changing contexts. This study enhances the comprehension of how new technologies function as crucial facilitators of supply chain resilience and agility, providing significant insights for both academic researchers and industry professionals.
Making Diffusion Models Practical: A Survey on Acceleration and Optimization
Authors: Sakurama Suzuki , Brian Zoe
Published: February 2025

Diffusion models have emerged as a powerful class of generative models, achieving state-of-the-art performance in image, audio, and video synthesis. However, their widespread adoption is hindered by high computational costs, slow inference times, and memory-intensive training. In response, numerous techniques have been proposed to enhance the efficiency of diffusion models while maintaining or improving generation quality. This survey provides a comprehensive review of recent advances in efficient diffusion models. We categorize these approaches into four key areas: (1) accelerated sampling methods, which reduce the number of function evaluations required for inference; (2) efficient model architectures, including lightweight U-Net and transformer variants; (3) knowledge distillation and model compression techniques, such as progressive distillation and pruning; and (4) hybrid generative frameworks that integrate diffusion models with alternative paradigms like GANs and VAEs. Additionally, we discuss open challenges, including the trade-offs between sampling speed and quality, memory-efficient training strategies, and real-time deployment on edge devices. We highlight promising research directions, such as adaptive sampling, hardware-aware optimizations, and self-distilling diffusion models. By providing a structured overview of efficiency-focused advancements, we aim to guide future research toward making diffusion models more practical, scalable, and accessible for real-world applications.
Generation of Population-Level Diversity in Anaplasma phagocytophilum msp2/p44 Gene Repertoires Through Recombination
Authors: Barbet Anthony F , Allred David R , Crosby Francy L
Published: February 2025

Anaplasma phagocytophilum, a tick-borne Rickettsiales, causes the emerging disease of humans and animals, granulocytic anaplasmosis. The organism expresses an immunodominant surface protein, MSP2/P44, that undergoes rapid antigenic variation during single infections due to gene conversion of a single genomic expression site with sequences from one of ~100 transcriptionally silent genes known as “functional pseudogenes”. Most studies have indicated that the predominant gene conversion mechanism is insertion of complete central variable regions (CVRs) into the msp2/p44 expression site via homologous recombination through 5’ and 3’ conserved regions. This suggests that it is possible that persistent infections by one strain may be self-limiting due to exhaustion of the antigenic repertoire. However, if there is substantial recombination within the functional pseudogene repertoires themselves it is likely that these repertoires may have a high rate of change. This was investigated here by analyzing the repertoires of msp2/p44 functional pseudogenes in genome-sequenced A. phagocytophilum from widely different geographic locations in the USA and Europe. The data support a high probability of recombination events having occurred within and between msp2/p44 repertoires that is not limited to the 5’ and 3’ conserved regions of the CVR, greatly expanding total potential variation. Continual variation of msp2/p44 repertoires is predicted to aid the organism in overcoming existing immunity in the individual and causing superinfections among immune populations, and may facilitate adaptation of the microorganism to infect and cause disease in different species.
Effect of Cryostimulation on Selected Motor Skills in Soccer Players – Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Różycka Izabela , Ostapiuk-Karolczuk Joanna , Aniśko Bartosz
Published: February 2025

Objectives: this study aimed to evaluate the impact of PBC, combined with low- and high-intensity training, on motor coordination, maximum lower-limb power, and single-movement speed in soccer players. Additionally, the safety and applicability of PBC during training and pre-competition phases were assessed. Methods: a total of 24 soccer players (aged 21 ± 4.9 years) were randomized into PBC (n=11) and control (CON, n=12) groups. Over the two training periods, the PBC group underwent five cryostimulation sessions (-140 °C ± 20 °C, 3 minutes each) while both groups completed identical training regimens. Motor skills were assessed using jumping and tapping tests conducted at the beginning and end of the study. Statistical analyses included paired and independent t-tests to determine within- and between-group differences. Results: significant improvements were observed in the PBC group during the second training phase, including increased jump height (p=0.0051) and lower-limb power (p=0.0537). In the tapping test, reductions in foot contact time and increases in flight time were noted, indicating enhanced movement efficiency. No adverse effects or disruptions to training concentration were reported. Conclusions: repeated PBC sessions combined with high-intensity training can enhance lower-limb power and coordination in soccer players, providing a safe and effective complement to traditional training methods.
Exploring Kink Strengthening in WZ21 Magnesium Alloy via Slow Solidification and Extrusion
Authors: Dvorsky Drahomir , Kawamura Yoshihito , Inoue Shin-Ichi , Nishimoto Soya , Kubasek Jiri , Boukalová Anna , Čavojský Miroslav , Heller Luděk , Duchoň Jan , Vojtěch Dalibor
Published: February 2025

The Mg-Y-Zn magnesium alloy system is known for the presence of Long-Period Stacking Ordered (LPSO) phases that improves strength and ductility with minimal amounts of alloying elements. Even better improvements are associated with the specific microstructure known as the Mille-Feuille structure (MFS) that can occur in this alloy as well after proper heat treatment. This study systematically compares the traditional ingot metallurgy method with the Bridgman method (slow cooling), coupled with diverse heat treatments and extrusion process. Microscopic analyses reveal variations in the presence of LPSO phases, Mille-Feuille structure, and especially grain size, leading to divergent mechanical and corrosion properties. The Bridgman approach surprisingly stands out, ensuring superior mechanical properties due to kink and texture strengthening.
Two Methods to Compute the Plastic Bimoment of thin Walled Sections
Authors: Aguero Antonio , glauz Robert , Kolekova Yvona
Published: February 2025

The present paper deals with plastic warping torsion, presenting two methods to obtain the plastic bimoment of thin walled sections. In the first method plastic shear center needs to be obtained, while in the second method linear programming is used to maximize the plastic bimoment using the elastic shear center as pole to obtain the unit warping. Numerical examples for monosymmetric I shaped section, channel section and non symmetric section show perfect agreement.
LiDAR Innovations: Insights from a Patent and Scientometric Analysis
Authors: Bridgelall Raj
Published: February 2025

Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors are critical for autonomous vehicles that require unparalleled depth sensing. However, traditional LiDAR designs face significant challenges, including high costs and bulky configurations, limiting scalability and mass-market adoption. By uniquely combining patent and scientometric analysis, this study screened 188 recent LiDAR patents from a dataset of more than two million patents, uncovering strategies to enhance capability and reduce production costs. Key findings highlight the growing emphasis on solid-state architectures, modular designs, and integrated manufacturing processes as pathways to scalable and efficient LiDAR solutions. These insights bridge the gap between scientific advancements and practical implementation, providing stakeholders with a clear understanding of the technological landscape and emerging trends. By identifying future directions and actionable opportunities, this work supports the development of next-generation LiDAR systems, fostering innovation and enabling broader adoption across autonomous vehicles and other sectors.
The Rise of the Brown-Twiss Effect
Authors: Hyland David Charles
Published: February 2025

Despite the simplicity of flux collecting hardware, robustness to misalignments and immunity to seeing conditions, Intensity Correlation Imaging arrays using the Brown-Twiss effect to determine two-dimensional images have been burdened with very long integration times. The root cause is that the essential phase retrieval algorithms must use image domain constraints, and the traditional Signal-to-Noise calculations do not account for these. Thus the conventional formulations are not efficient estimators. Recently, the long integration times have been emphatically removed by a sequence of papers. This paper is a review of the previous theoretical work that removes the long integration times, making the Intensity Correlation Imaging, a practical and inexpensive method for high resolution astronomy.
Pranayama and Bhrigu Valli: Exploring the Connection – A Concept
Authors: Ramakrishnan Krishnamurthy
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the connection between Bhrigu Valli of the Taittiriya Upanishad and Patañjali’s Yoga Sūtras, with a particular focus on Prāṇāyāma as a harmonizing agent between the sheaths (Kośas) described in Bhrigu Valli. The Yoga Sūtras define yoga as the cessation of mental modifications (citta-vṛtti-nirodhaḥ), while Bhrigu Valli outlines a progressive inquiry into reality through five layers of existence, ultimately concluding in ānanda (bliss) as the essence of Brahman. The paper examines Citta within the framework of Patañjali’s Yoga Sūtras and reinterprets its components through an information-processing analogy. By integrating insights from both texts, this study highlights how Prāṇāyāma serves as a critical bridge between the Prāṇamaya Kośa (Sheath of Vital Energy), Anamaya Kośa (physical body) and the more subtle cognitive and intellectual layers (Manomaya and Vijñānamaya Kośas). The cyclic reinforcement of physiological and mental stability through Prāṇāyāma is discussed, along with its documented therapeutic effects on cognition and bodily functions. This paper ultimately positions Prāṇāyāma as a key mechanism for aligning the physical and mental dimensions of human existence, contributing to both yogic and Vedāntic goals of self-realization.
Advancements in Drug Delivery Systems: Targeting Strategies, Nanotechnology, and Vesicular Innovations
Authors: Sengar Ashutosh
Published: February 2025

Innovative drug delivery systems are revolutionizing contemporary pharmacotherapy with better bioavailability, controlled delivery, and better patient compliance. This review covers some advances in nanoparticle-based drug delivery against the background of liposomal and vesicular systems for precision therapeutics. This review further checks the oral formulation, including chewable, effervescent, and film-based delivery, against the advantageous ease of administration and the rapid onset of the drug's action. In addition, strategies of naso-pulmonary and antibiotic drug delivery are further described in terms of respiratory health and infection management in relation to nanocarrier-based formulations. Moreover, herbal therapeutics are incorporated as demonstrated with Tribulus terrestris in urolithiasis treatment, which in turn, actually merges traditional medicine delivery with modern drug delivery platforms. Based on clinical applications, advantages, and disadvantages, comparative analysis of nanocarriers including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, niosomes, and dendrimers has been presented. In the future, it will be all about the biodegradable AI-driven stimuli responsive nanocarrier supporting the precision of medicine and personalized care. This review provides insight into recent developments, challenges, and future directions in advanced drug delivery systems for developing more effective and patient-friendly therapeutic solutions.
Study of Thermal Modeling for Assessment the Temperature Distribution in the Conformal Packaging Structure of White LEDs
Authors: Nguyen Huynh-Tuan-Anh , Nguyen Quang-Khoi
Published: February 2025

The steady thermal model for conformal coating white LEDs is successfully developed to determine the temperature value in the package volume. The Matlab software (version 2017) and finite element method are utilized to solve the heat equation and visualize the temperature distribution, respectively. The thermal model is applied to study the temperature behavior of white LEDs under different injection currents of 50 mA, 150 mA, 250 mA, and 350 mA. The temperature value of each location is determined correspondingly by the temperature interpolation and comparing the color between color bar and color of the pcW-LEDs package structure. Beside, the effect of mesh size on the temperature simulation on the simulation result is also investigated. The result shows that the smaller mesh size provides higher resolution of temperature. The obtained result is meaningful for white LEDs thermal management to reduce the negative effect of heat during the operation process.
Advanced Fitted Mesh Finite Difference Strategies for Solving ’n’ Two-Parameter Singularly Perturbed Convection-Diffusion System
Authors: Arthur Jenolin , Mathiyazhagan Joseph Paramasivam , Chatzarakis George E , Panetsos S. L.
Published: February 2025

This paper proposes a robust finite difference method on a fitted Shishkin mesh to
solve a system of n singularly perturbed convection-reaction-diffusion differential equations
with two small parameters. Defined on the interval [0; 1], this system exhibits
boundary layers due to the presence of small parameters, making accurate numerical
approximations challenging. The method employs a piecewise uniform Shishkin
mesh that adapts to layer regions and efficiently captures the solutions behavior. The
scheme is proven to be uniformly convergent with respect to the perturbation parameters,
achieving nearly first-order accuracy. Comprehensive numerical experiments validate
the theoretical results, illustrating the method’s robustness and efficiency in handling
parameter-sensitive boundary layers.
Optimizing Sisal-Cotton Fiber Blends: Enhancing Strength, Durability, and Sustainability
Authors: Islam Rofi Rofiul
Published: February 2025

Blending natural fibers enhances textile properties by combining their strengths. This study explores various ratios of sisal and cotton fibers to determine the optimal blend for strength, durability, and flexibility. Cotton provides softness and comfort, while sisal contributes high tensile strength and wear resistance. The blending process included opening, carding, drawing, combing, roving, and spinning. Tests conducted on tensile strength, moisture absorption, durability, and surface morphology revealed that a 40:60 sisal-cotton blend improved strength by 20% while maintaining flexibility. Higher sisal content increased tensile strength but reduced softness and moisture absorption. These findings suggest that optimized fiber blending can enhance both the sustainability and performance of textiles.
Establishment of a Novel In Vitro and In Vivo Model to Understand Molecular Carcinogenesis of Endometriosis-Related Ovarian Neoplasms
Authors: Sohel Hasibul Islam , Kiyono Tohru , Zahan Umme Farzana , Razia Sultana , Ishikawa Masako , Yamashita Hitomi , Kanno Kosuke , Sonia Shahataj Begum , Nakayama Kentaro , Kyo Satoru
Published: February 2025

The molecular mechanisms through which endometriosis-related ovarian neoplasms (ERONs) develop from benign endometrioma remain unclear. It is especially a long-standing mystery why ovarian endometrioma has the potential to develop into two representative histological subtypes: endometrioid ovarian carcinoma or clear cell ovarian carcinoma. The present study aimed to investigate the molecular carcinogenesis of ERONs using newly developed in vitro and in vivo carcinogenesis models. Epithelial cells were isolated and purified from surgically removed benign endometrioma samples, followed by immortalization by overexpressing cyclinD1/CDK4 in combination with the human TERT gene. Immortalized cells were subjected to various molecular manipulations by combining knockout or overexpression of several candidate drivers, including ARID1A, KRAS, PIK3CA, AKT, and MYC, based on previous comprehensive genome-wide studies of ERONs. These cells were then inoculated into immunocompromised mice and evaluated for malignant transformation. Inoculated cells harboring a combination of three genetic alterations successfully de-veloped tumors with malignant features in mice, whereas those with two genetic mutations failed to do so. Especially, ARID1A gene knockout combined with overexpressing the KRAS oncogenic mutant allele (or overexpressing AKT) and c-Myc overexpression led to efficient tumor formation. Of note, these three combinations of genetic alterations produced tumors that histologically represented typical clear cell carcinoma in SCID mice, while the same combination led to tumors with endometrioid histology in nude mice. A combination of ARID1A mutation, KRAS mutation or AKT activation, and c-Myc overexpression were confirmed to be the main candidate drivers for the development of ERONs, as suggested by comprehensive genetic analyses of ERONs. A tumor immune microenvironment involving B cell signaling may contribute to the diverse histological phenotypes. The present model may help to clarify the molecular mechanisms of ERON carcinogenesis and understand their histological diversity and novel molecular targets.
Microtubule Integrity Is Associated with Mitochondrial Function and Quality of Murine Preimplantation Embryos
Authors: Shim Yuha , Cho Min Jeong , Kang Min-Hee , Kim Yu Jin , Oh Seung A , Ryu Jisoo , Mun Byeong Jun , An Jin Young , Lee Jae Ho
Published: February 2025

Poor embryo quality is a major cause of poor clinical outcomes in assisted reproductive medicine, and there are no currently available interventions that can improve embryo quality. Mitochondria dysfunction is linked to low-quality female gametes and zygotes. Previously, microtubule integrity was also associated with mitochondrial function in oocytes. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the microtubule stabilizers (MTS) Taxol and Epothilone D and the microtubule disturber (MTD) vinorelbine on mouse preimplantation embryo quality and pregnancy outcome. We prepared young BDF1 mice (7~9 weeks old) and cultured preimplantation embryos with MTS or MTD. Mitochondrial functional activity and embryo development ratios including pregnancy ratios were then assessed. MTS-treated embryos showed significantly increased mitochondrial membrane potentials and motility. Blastocyst formation was significantly higher in MTS-treated embryos than in MTD-treated embryos. Especially, MTS-treated embryos exhibited higher hatched blastocyte formation than untreated embryos. The number of offspring was significantly higher in surrogate mice transplanted with MTS-treated embryos. These findings demonstrated that treatment of mouse preimplantation embryos with Taxol or EpD increased embryo development competence, which was associated with increased mitochondrial functional activity. Consistently, delivery ratios were significantly higher after transplantation with MTS-treated embryos than after transplantation with untreated embryos. These findings suggest that MTS could be used to supplement in vitro culture media to promote the recovery of poor-quality embryos.
Ongoing Hurdles in Harnessing Xist to Treat Human Disease: Review Article
Authors: Khabazeh Abdalla , Sheen Volney
Published: February 2025

XIST RNA is one of the most important long non-coding RNAs and plays a significant role in X-chromosome inactivation during early mammalian development. This epigenetic process ensures dosage compensation between males (XY) and females (XX) by silencing one of the two X chromosomes in females. Beyond its classical function, XIST is emerging as a biomolecule of interest due to its involvement in diverse pathological conditions and genetic diseases and many promising therapies are emerging in this context. Here, we delve into the therapeutic potential of targeting XIST RNA in treatment of genetic disorders.
EFFECT OF STOCKING DENSITY ON THE GROWTH OF THE ORNAMENTAL FISH LAETACARA DORSIGERA
Authors: Cascais Brendow Matheus Koide , Costa Tiago Viana da , Machado Noédson de Jesus Beltrão , Almeida João Pedro Cidade , Costa Raí Vasconcelos , Caldeira Jamilly Barroso
Published: February 2025

Laetacara dorsigera is a fish species that has excellent potential for ornamental fish farming. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of stocking density on its growth in two experiments, with three treatments and four repetitions, lasting 45 days each. The first experiment used 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 fish L-1, and the second used the best density found in the first experiment, plus densities of 0.30 and 0.40 fish L-1. The measured zootechnical parameters were survival rate, mean total lengths, and mean initial and final weights, as well as relative growth, specific growth, and weight gain rates. A significant difference was observed in the first experiment for the final length (18.7 and 17.5 mm, in the densities of 0.25 and 0.50 fish L-1, respectively), relative growth rate percent, and specific growth rate weight% (0.25 fish L-1) and survival (0.50 fish L-1). In the second experiment, there was no significant difference for the densities tested. The density of 0.50 fish L-1 is the most viable, due to the greater final survival achieved and no significant difference for the other parameters analyzed.
Kolaborasi Pentahelix Wisata Jeratun Seluna (WJS) Perspektif Psikologi Pelayanan Di Desa Temulus Kabupaten Kudus
Authors: Kharis Ahmad , Maghfur Sya'ban
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas kolaborasi Model Pentahelix dalam pengembangan Wisata Jeratun Seluna (WJS) di Desa Temulus, Kabupaten Kudus, dengan fokus pada aspek psikologi pelayanan. Walaupun WJS telah diluncurkan sebagai desa wisata, tantangan utama yang dihadapi adalah kurangnya optimalisasi kerja sama antar pemangku kepentingan (pemerintah, akademisi, bisnis, komunitas, dan media) serta keterbatasan fasilitas dan ornamen wisata, yang mempengaruhi kualitas dan daya tarik destinasi. Penelitian ini menganalisis peran masing-masing pihak dan menilai kualitas interaksi serta pelayanan dari perspektif psikologi pelayanan, termasuk pengaruh perilaku staf, keramahan, dan profesionalisme terhadap kepuasan pengunjung. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif-kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi, melibatkan Kepala Desa dan aktor terkait lainnya. Analisis data dilakukan dengan penggalian data, reduksi data, dan penarikan kesimpulan, menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan teknik untuk uji keabsahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, meskipun aktor Pentahelix berperan signifikan, kolaborasi belum optimal, dan pengembangan fasilitas masih terbatas. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan perbaikan sinergi antar pemangku kepentingan serta peningkatan kualitas pelayanan dan fasilitas untuk memperbaiki daya tarik dan keberlanjutan WJS.
Changes to Parental Consent Requirements for Abortion in Massachusetts and Impact on Timeliness of Care for Adolescents Aged 16 to 17 Years
Authors: Fulcher Isabel , Kimball Kara , Rosen Zarah , Fortin Jennifer , Arunkumar Namita , Gelfand Danielle , Janiak Elizabeth , Ireland Luu
Published: February 2025

Objectives. To measure the effect of the ROE Act, which eliminated parental consent requirements for abortion for individuals ages 16 to 17 years, on abortion timing for adolescents in this age group in Massachusetts.

Methods. The primary outcome was gestational duration at abortion for individuals aged 16 to 19 years at Planned Parenthood League of Massachusetts from 2017 to 2022. Our control group included abortions among those aged 18 to 19 years. In our primary analysis, we used a comparative interrupted time series with a linear model to capture temporal trends, seasonality, whether an abortion was undergone during the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, previous abortion, and race/ethnicity categories.

Results. Minors aged 16 to 17 years underwent 749 abortions during the study. Individuals aged 18 to 19 years underwent 2773 abortions. The ROE Act resulted in a 5.46-day decrease in gestational duration at abortion among minors (95% confidence interval = −11.82, 0.91).

Conclusions. Removal of the parental involvement requirement for adolescents aged 16 to 17 years in Massachusetts led to minors undergoing abortions at earlier gestational durations, highlighting the importance of potential impacts of similar legislation to decrease barriers to abortion access for minors. ( Am J Public Health. 2025;115(3):397–402. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307918 )
Cauda Equina Syndrome: A Review of Classification, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Best Practices
Authors: Karikaran Arjuna , Carroll Austin H. , Benn Lancelot , Okorie Nnaemeka , Bellaire Christopher P. , Puvanesarajah Varun , Mesfin Addisu
Published: February 2025

Background:

Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a rare but life-altering disease resulting from compression of the nerve roots at the spinal cord's terminus. CES typically presents with low back pain, sciatica, sensorimotor deficits, and bowel and bladder dysfunction. Owing to its rarity, the condition is often missed, leading to significant morbidity and potential legal implications for physicians.

Methods:

This review synthesizes the current literature on CES, including its epidemiology, pathophysiology, classifications, and management strategies. Emphasis is placed on the diagnosis and treatment of CES as well as the legal implications of CES for spine surgeons.

Results:

The literature reveals variability in the reported prevalence of CES, with incidence rates ranging from 0.34 to 7 per 100,000 individuals annually. The timing of decompression remains debated. Some studies report no significant difference in outcomes between decompression within 24 hours vs. 48 hours, while others emphasize the importance of immediate intervention. Legal cases related to CES frequently involve delayed diagnosis, with significant ramifications for physicians.

Conclusions:

Surgical decompression remains the definitive treatment of CES, though the timing of surgery requires careful consideration to balance the urgency of intervention with the risks of complications. Further research is needed to explore strategies that would allow for improvement in identifying and treating patients with CES in a timely manner.

Level of Evidence:

Level V. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
ACERCA DE LA ATRIBUCIÓN DE CONDICIÓN CONSUMIDORA A LAS PERSONAS JURÍDICAS Y A OTROS ENTES CARENTES DE PERSONALIDAD
Authors: Diéguez Aguilera Laura
Published: February 2025

As can be inferred from the title of this paper, we propose to analyse the problems inherent in the attribution of consumer status to legal persons and other entities lacking personality, which is the legislative policy option our legislator has opted for in the Consolidated Text of the General Law for the Defence of Consumers and Users when it comes to offering a legal concept of consumer. The matter is relevant insofar as, as is well known, consumer protection rules only apply to consumer legal relationships, which are those in which one of the parties involved acts as a consumer vis-à-vis another who does so in a business or professional capacity. And it is not entirely clear in which cases legal persons or entities without personality deserve the attribution of consumer status.