bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Protective Effect of α-Lipoic Acid against Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs)-Mediated Liver Damage Is Associated with Upregulating Nrf2 and Suppressing NF-κB
Authors: Alshammari Ghedeir M. , Abdelhalim Mohamed Anwar , Al-Ayed Mohammed S. , Al-Harbi Laila Naif , Yahya Mohammed Abdo
Published: August 2022

This study examined if regulating the keap-1? Nrf2 antioxidant pathway mediated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) induced liver damage, and examined the protective effect of co-supplement of α-lipoic acid (α-LA). Rats were separated into 4 groups (n = 8/each) as control, α-LA (200 mg/kg), AuNPs (5 µg/2.85 × 1011), and AuNPs (5 µg/2.85 × 1011) + α-LA (200 mg/kg). After 7 days, AuNPs induced severe degeneration in the livers of rats with the appearance of some fatty changes. In addition, it increased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (ɣ-GTT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), as well as liver levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). Concomitantly, AuNPs significantly depleted hepatic levels of total glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) but increased hepatic levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). It also reduced mRNA levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) but significantly increased those of Bax and cleaved caspase-3, as well as the ratio of Bax/Bcl2. In addition, AuNPs enhanced the total and nuclear levels of NF-κB p65 but reduced the mRNA and total and nuclear protein levels of Nrf2. Of note, AuNPs did not affect the mRNA levels of keap-1. All these events were reversed by α-LA in the AuNPs-treated rats. In conclusion, α-LA attenuated AuNPs-mediated liver damage in rats by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation, effects that are associated with upregulation/activation of Nrf2.
The Role of Diet and Nutrition in Cancer: Prevention, Treatment, and Survival
Authors: Narimatsu Hiroto , Yaguchi Yuri Tanaka
Published: August 2022

Diet and nutrition are important factors in cancer prevention and treatment because an unbalanced diet increases the risk of cancer onset, while malnutrition negatively impacts the efficacy of cancer treatment [...]
Palliative Care Nursing in Australia and the Role of the Registered Nurse in Palliative Care
Authors: Cheluvappa Rajkumar , Selvendran Selwyn
Published: August 2022

The registered nurse has crucial preventative, therapeutic, sociocultural, and advocacy roles in promoting quality holistic patient-centred palliative care. This paper examines, describes, and analyses this multifaceted role from an antipodean perspective. We conducted systematic searches using PubMed, Google Scholar, government guidelines, authoritative body regulations, quality control guidelines, and government portals pertaining to palliative care nursing in Australia. This paper relies upon the information garnered from publications, reports, and guidelines resulting from these searches and analyses. The fundamental principles and guiding values of palliative care (and nursing) and the raison d’etre for palliative care as a discipline are underscored and expanded on. Australian Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) pertaining to palliative end-of-life (EOL) nursing care and associated services are discussed. The relevant NMBA nursing standards that RNs need to have to administer opioids/narcotics in palliative care are summarised. The identification of patients who need EOL care, holistic person-centred care planning for them, and consultative multidisciplinary palliative clinical decision making are discussed in the palliative care context. Several components of advance care planning apropos health deterioration and conflicts are discussed. Several aspects of EOL care, especially palliative nursing care, are analysed using research evidence, established nursing and palliative care standards, and the Australian EOL CPGs.
Molecular Reports of Ruminant Babesia in Southeast Asia
Authors: Galon Eloiza May , Zafar Iqra , Ji Shengwei , Li Hang , Ma Zhuowei , Xuan Xuenan
Published: August 2022

The protozoon Babesia is a blood parasite transmitted by hard ticks and commonly parasitizes ruminants such as cattle, buffaloes, goats, and sheep. Babesiosis, the disease caused by Babesia infection, has been considered a potential threat to ruminant production due to the grave and enormous impact it brings. About 125 million ruminants are at risk of babesiosis in Southeast Asia (SEA), a region composed of 11 countries. In recent decades, molecular-based diagnostic platforms, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, have been a reliable and broadly employed tool in Babesia detection. In this article, the authors compiled and summarized the molecular studies conducted on ruminant babesiosis and mapped the species, including B. bovis, B. bigemina, B. ovata, Babesia sp. Mymensingh, Babesia sp. Hue, and B. ovis, and determined the host diversity of ruminant Babesia in SEA.
64Cu-DOTHA2-PSMA, a Novel PSMA PET Radiotracer for Prostate Cancer with a Long Imaging Time Window
Authors: Milot Marie-Christine , Benesty Ophélie Bélissant , Dumulon-Perreault Véronique , Ait-Mohand Samia , Richard Patrick O. , Rousseau Étienne , Guérin Brigitte
Published: August 2022

Prostate cancer imaging and late-stage management can be improved with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting radiotracers. We developed a PSMA positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer, DOTHA2-PSMA radiolabeled with 64Cu (T1/2: 12.7 h), to leverage its large imaging time window. This preclinical study aimed to evaluate the biological and imaging properties of 64Cu-DOTHA2-PSMA. Its stability was assessed in plasma ex vivo and in mice. Cellular behavior was studied for up to 48 h in LNCaP cells. Biodistribution studies were performed in balb/c mice for up to 48 h. Dynamic (1 h) and static (4 h and 24 h) PET imaging was completed in LNCaP tumor-bearing mice. 64Cu-DOTHA2-PSMA was stable ex vivo in plasma and reached cellular internalization up to 34.1 ± 4.9% injected activity (IA)/106 cells at 48 h post-injection (p.i.). Biodistribution results showed significantly lower uptake in kidneys than 68Ga-PSMA-617, our reference PET tracer (p < 0.001), but higher liver uptake at 2 h p.i. (p < 0.001). PET images showed 64Cu-DOTHA2-PSMA’s highest tumoral uptake at 4 h p.i., with a significant difference between blocked and non-blocked groups from the time of injection to 24 h p.i. The high stability and tumor uptake with a long tumor imaging time window of 64Cu-DOTHA2-PSMA potentially contribute to the prostate cancer theranostic approach and its local recurrence detection.
Zinc(II), Palladium(II), and Metal-Free Phthalocyanines Bearing Nipagin-Functionalized Substituents against Candida auris and Selected Multidrug-Resistant Microbes
Authors: Ziental Daniel , Mlynarczyk Dariusz T. , Kolasinski Emil , Güzel Emre , Dlugaszewska Jolanta , Popenda Łukasz , Jurga Stefan , Goslinski Tomasz , Sobotta Lukasz
Published: August 2022

Due to the rapidly increasing problem of antibiotic resistance in recent years, the use of phthalocyanines as photosensitizers with their superior properties in photodynamic antimicrobial therapy (PACT) applications has become important. In this study, magnesium(II) 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octakis(4-[4-butoxycarbonylphenoxy]butyloxy)phthalocyanine was used in the demetalation reaction in trifluoroacetic acid, and subsequently subjected to metalation reaction in dimethylformamide with zinc(II) acetate and bis(benzonitrile)palladium(II) chloride towards zinc(II) and palladium(II) derivatives. Three phthalocyanines, including a demetalated one as well as two metalated, in the core with zinc(II) and palladium(II) were characterized using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. In addition, all macrocycles were subjected to absorption and emission studies as well as photostability tests. In a photochemical study, zinc(II) and palladium(II) phthalocyanine complexes appeared to be efficient singlet oxygen generators. There were noted quantum yields of singlet oxygen generation for zinc(II) phthalocyanine derivative in DMF and DMSO at 0.55 and 0.72, whereas for palladium(II) complex at 0.73 and 0.77, respectively. Liposomal formulations of phthalocyanine derivatives were prepared, and their activity was evaluated against a broad spectrum of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli (ESBL+), Candida albicans resistant to fluconazole, C. auris, and against dermatophytes. Phthalocyanine palladium(II) complex showed the highest bactericidal activity against all antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, including reducing C. auris growth at 3.54 log.
Precise Identification of Chromosome Constitution and Rearrangements in Wheat–Thinopyrum intermedium Derivatives by ND-FISH and Oligo-FISH Painting
Authors: Yu Zhihui , Wang Hongjin , Yang Ennian , Li Guangrong , Yang Zujun
Published: August 2022

Thinopyrum intermedium possesses many desirable agronomic traits that make it a valuable genetic source for wheat improvement. The precise identification of individual chromosomes of allohexaploid Th. intermedium is a challenge due to its three sub-genomic constitutions with complex evolutionary ancestries. The non-denaturing fluorescent in situ hybridization (ND-FISH) using tandem-repeat oligos, including Oligo-B11 and Oligo-pDb12H, effectively distinguished the St, J and JS genomes, while Oligo-FISH painting, based on seven oligonucleotide pools derived from collinear regions between barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), was able to identify each linkage group of the Th. intermedium chromosomes. We subsequently established the first karyotype of Th. intermedium with individual chromosome recognition using sequential ND-FISH and Oligo-FISH painting. The chromosome constitutions of 14 wheat–Th. intermedium partial amphiploids and addition lines were characterized. Distinct intergenomic chromosome rearrangements were revealed among Th. intermedium chromosomes in these amphiploids and addition lines. The precisely defined karyotypes of these wheat–Th. intermedium derived lines may be helpful for further study on chromosome evolution, chromatin introgression and wheat breeding programs.
A Review of the Stress Resistance, Molecular Breeding, Health Benefits, Potential Food Products, and Ecological Value of Castanea mollissima
Authors: Wang Yanpeng , Liu Cuiyu , Fang Zhou , Wu Qiang , Xu Yang , Gong Bangchu , Jiang Xibing , Lai Junsheng , Fan Jingen
Published: August 2022

Chestnut (Castanea spp., Fagaceae family) is an economically and ecologically valuable species. The main goals of chestnut production vary among species and countries and depend on the ecological characteristics of orchards, agronomic management, and the architecture of chestnut trees. Here, we review recent research on chestnut trees, including the effects of fungal diseases (Cryphonectria parasitica and Phytophthora cinnamomi) and insect pests (Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu), molecular markers for breeding, ecological effects, endophytic fungi, and extracts with human health benefits. We also review research on chestnut in the food science field, technological improvements, the soil and fertilizer used for chestnut production, and the postharvest biology of chestnut. We noted differences in the factors affecting chestnut production among regions, including China, the Americas, and Europe, especially in the causal agents of disease and pests. For example, there is a major difference in the resistance of chestnut to C. parasitica in Asian, European, and American countries. Our review provides new insights into the integrated disease and pest management of chestnut trees in China. We hope that this review will foster collaboration among regions and help to clarify differences in the direction of breeding efforts among countries.
Preliminary Study on Growth and Yield Potential of Ten Elite Lines of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) Cultivated under Varying Sowing Dates
Authors: Asif Ariba , Khan Shahbaz , Asif Bareera , Ibrar Danish , Hasnain Zuhair , Ismail Muhammad Shoaib , Rizwan Muhammad , Ullah Sami , Bashir Saqib , Rais Afroz , Irshad Sohail , Abbas Tasawer , Farooq Naila , Alkahtani Jawaher , Elshikh Mohamed S.
Published: August 2022

Optimization of agronomic practices for cultivation of quinoa, a super food and climate resilient crop, is critical to obtain its maximum grain yield under the current scenario of climate change. In the present experimentation, we evaluated the appropriate sowing time of ten elite lines of quinoa, already screened from USDA germplasm. Seeds of each line were sown in the experimental area at Square No. 22, Block No. 5, Directorate of Farm, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan on 15 November, 30 November and 15 December during quinoa cultivation season of 2019–2020. Sowing time significantly affected the emergence percentage, days taken to anthesis, chlorophyll contents, sodium and potassium concentrations in leaf, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves and leaf area, panicle length, grain yield and 1000-grain weight. Lines; PIA-922, PIA-924, PIA-928 and PIA-929 performed better under first sowing and produced higher grain yield as compared to other lines. Similarly, PIA-921, PIA-922, PIA-925 and PIA-932 produced maximum biomass and grain yield under second sowing date while in case of third sowing date, PIA-926, PIA-928, PIA-930 and PIA-931 were observed more responsive regarding growth and yield attributes. A diversified pattern of agronomic, growth and yield contributing attributes of quinoa lines was observed when cultivated under varying sowing dates. The collected data will be very informative for the breeders and agronomists during selection and variety development process in future.
Hybrid Coatings of SiO2–Recycled PET Unsaturated Polyester Resin by Sol-Gel Process
Authors: Bórquez-Mendivil Adrián , Hurtado-Macías Abel , Leal-Pérez Jesús Eduardo , Flores-Valenzuela Joaquín , Vargas-Ortíz Ramón Álvaro , Cabrera-Covarrubias Francisca Guadalupe , Almaral-Sánchez Jorge Luis
Published: August 2022

Hybrid coatings of SiO2 and recycled unsaturated polyester resin (R-UPR) from recycled polyethylene-terephthalate (PET) were prepared by the sol-gel process on glass substrates. First, SiO2 was synthesized by the sol-gel process using a tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) solution. Next, bis(2-hydroxypropyl-terephthalate) (BHPT) was synthesized from mechanical and chemical recycling (glycolysis) of post-consumer PET bottles in propylene glycol (PG) using ZnA as catalyst, in a Vessel-type reactor (20–200 °C); maleic anhydride (MA) was added and, following the same procedure, the unsaturated polyester (UP) was synthetized, which was cooled to room temperature. Next, styrene (St) and benzoyl-peroxide (PBO)-initiator were added to obtain R–UPR. TEOS (T) and three hybrid solutions were synthesized, with molar ratios of 0:1:0 (T), 1:2:0.25 (H1), 1:1:0.25 (H2), and 1:0:0.25 (H3) for R–UPR:TEOS:3-trimethoxy-(silyl)-propyl-methacrylate (TMSPM), respectively, with which TC, HC1, HC2, and HC3 coatings were elaborated using the immersion technique and polymerized (120 °C for 24 h). The solutions were characterized by FT–IR and TGA, and the coatings by SEM, nanoindentation, AFM, adhesion, and contact angle. The results showed that SiO2 enhanced mechanical (hardness and Young’s modulus) and thermal properties of the R-UPR. The coatings adhered perfectly to the substrate, with thicknesses of micrometer units and a flat surface; in addition, hydrophilicity decreased as SiO2 decreased.
The Improved Properties of Carboxymethyl Bacterial Cellulose Films with Thickening and Plasticizing
Authors: Sun Zhenbing , Tang Zhengjie , Li Xiaoping , Li Xiaobao , Morrell Jeffrey J. , Beaugrand Johnny , Yao Yao , Zheng Qingzhuang
Published: August 2022

This study aims to improve the thermal stability and mechanical properties of carboxymethyl bacterial cellulose (CMBC) composite films. Experiments were conducted by preparing bacterial cellulose (BC) into CMBC, then parametrically mixing sodium alginate/starch/xanthan gum/gelatin and glycerin/sorbitol/PEG 400/PEG 6000 with CMBC to form the film. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy, mechanical tests, and thermogravimetric analysis showed that the composite films had better mechanical properties and thermal stability with the addition of 1.5% CMBC (% v/v), 1% sodium alginate, and 0.4% glycerin. Tensile strength was 38.13 MPa, the elongation at break was 13.4%, the kinematic viscosity of the film solution was 257.3 mm2/s, the opacity was 4.76 A/mm, the water vapor permeability was 11.85%, and the pyrolysis residue was 45%. The potential causes for the differences in the performance of the composite films were discussed and compared, leading to the conclusion that CMBC/Sodium alginate (SA)/glycerin (GL) had the best thermal stability and mechanical properties.
Preparation and Tribological Properties of Bismaleimide Matrix Composites Reinforced with Covalent Organic Framework Coated Graphene Nanosheets
Authors: Liu Chao , Xue Xin , Yuan Qiming , Lin Yang , Bao Yan , He Yinkun , Zhang Wenbo
Published: August 2022

The poor compatibility between the polymer matrix and complex modification processes greatly affects the excellent tribological properties of graphene in the polymer matrix. In this study, a covalent organic framework (COF)-coated graphene hybrid lubricating filler (G/COFs) was synthesized in situ using a sample one-step mechanochemical synthesis process. This was used to improve the tribological properties of bismaleimide (BMI) resin. The morphology and microstructure of the G/COFs hybrid were characterized, and the effect of the added amount on the tribological properties of the G/COFs/BMI composites was studied. The results showed that the G/COFs hybrid could improve the stability of the friction coefficient and decrease the volume wear rate of BMI composites. Compared to the neat BMI, the 0.6 wt% G/COFs/BMI composites showed optimal tribological performance, with the friction coefficient and volume wear rate decreasing from 0.35 to 0.14 and from 48 × 10−6 to 10.6 × 10−6 mm3/(N‧m), respectively. In addition, the G/COFs/BMI composites showed lower friction coefficient fluctuations and volume wear rates than G/BMI composites. This is mainly attributed to the fact that the deposition of COFs can not only effectively prevent the aggregation of graphene nanosheets, but can also significantly improve the compatibility and interfacial bond between the graphene and BMI matrix. Moreover, the good synergistic effect between the lamellar COFs and graphene nanosheets can generate high-quality self-lubricating transfer films during the friction process. The excellent dispersibility, efficient chemical functionalization, better friction reduction and wear-resistance properties, and facile preparation method make graphene/COFs hybrid nanoparticles promising as an excellent lubricating filler.
Grafting of Methyl Methacrylate onto Gelatin Initiated by Tri-Butylborane—2,5-Di-Tert-Butyl-p-Benzoquinone System
Authors: Kuznetsova Yulia , Gushchina Ksenya , Sustaeva Karina , Mitin Alexander , Egorikhina Marfa , Chasova Victoria , Semenycheva Lyudmila
Published: August 2022

Graft gelatin and poly(methyl methacrylate) copolymers were synthesized in the presence of the tributylborane—2,5-di-tert-butyl-p-benzoquinone (2,5-DTBQ) system. The molecular weight parameters and morphology of the polymer indicate that it has a cross-linked structure. Obtained data confirm the simultaneous formation of a copolymer in two ways: “grafting from” and “grafting to”. It leads to the cross-linked structure of a copolymer. This structure was not obtained for copolymers synthesized in the presence of other initiating systems: azobisisobutyronitrile; tributylborane; azobisisobutyronitrile and tributylborane; azobisisobutyronitrile, tributylborane, and 2,5-di-tert-butyl-p-benzoquinone. In these cases, the possibility of the formation of the copolymer, simultaneously in two ways, was excluded. Graft gelatin and poly(methyl methacrylate) copolymers synthesized in the presence of the tributylborane—2,5-di-tert-butyl-p-benzoquinone system are promising in terms of their use in scaffold technologies due to the three-dimensional mesh structure, providing a high regenerative potential of materials.
Study on Filtration Performance of PVDF/PUL Composite Air Filtration Membrane Based on Far-Field Electrospinning
Authors: Wang Han , Bao Yiliang , Yang Xiuding , Lan Xingzi , Guo Jian , Pan Yiliang , Huang Weimin , Tang Linjun , Luo Zhifeng , Zhou Bei , Yao Jingsong , Chen Xun
Published: August 2022

At present, the situation of air pollution is still serious, and research on air filtration is still crucial. For the nanofiber air filtration membrane, the diameter, porosity, tensile strength, and hydrophilicity of the nanofiber will affect the filtration performance and stability. In this paper, based on the far-field electrospinning process and the performance effect mechanism of the stacked structure fiber membrane, nanofiber membrane was prepared by selecting the environmental protection, degradable and pollution-free natural polysaccharide biopolymer pullulan, and polyvinylidene fluoride polymer with strong hydrophobicity and high impact strength. By combining two kinds of fiber membranes with different fiber diameter and porosity, a three-layer composite nanofiber membrane with better hydrophobicity, higher tensile strength, smaller fiber diameter, and better filtration performance was prepared. Performance characterization showed that this three-layer composite nanofiber membrane had excellent air permeability and filtration efficiency, and the filtration efficiency of particles above PM 2.5 reached 99.9%. This study also provides important reference values for the preparation of high-efficiency composite nanofiber filtration membrane.
Manufacturing and Characterization of Modified Wood with In Situ Polymerization and Cross-Linking of Water-Soluble Monomers on Wood Cell Walls
Authors: Hu Jihang , Fu Zongying , Wang Xiaoqing , Chai Yubo
Published: August 2022

Fast-growing plantation wood has poor dimensional stability and easily cracks, which limits its application. As wood modification can improve the dimensional stability, strength, and other properties of wood, it has been extensively used. In this study, 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and glyoxal were applied to treat poplar wood (Populus euramevicana cv.I-214) by using vacuum pressure impregnation to improve its dimensional stability. The weight percentage gain (WPG), anti-swelling efficiency (ASE), water absorption rate (WAR), leachability (L), and other properties of modified wood were examined. Results showed that the modifier was diffused into the cell walls and intercellular space and reacted with the wood cell wall after heating to form a stable reticular structure polymer which effectively decreased the hydroxyl content in the wood and blocked the water movement channel; thus, further improving the physical performance of wood. These results were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). When the ratio of the modifier was 80:20, the concentration of the modifier was 40%, and the curing temperature was 120 °C, the modified poplar had the best performance, which showed a low WAR (at its lowest 58.39%), a low L (at its lowest 10.44%), and a high ASE (of up to 77.94%).
Medlar Jam Production (Mespilus germanica) with the Use of Sous Vide Method
Authors: Tremlova Bohuslava , Mikulaskova Hana , Slamova Daniela , Dordevic Simona , Antonic Bojan , Zemancova Johana , Dordevic Dani
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of sous vide technology on the chemical properties of fruit jams produced with medlar fruit (Mespilus germanica L.). The fruit jams were produced using sous vide technology at different temperatures: 60 °C, 70 °C, and 80 °C. The fruit jams were also produced at 100 °C using the traditional cooking method. Experimentally produced samples were evaluated by the following methods: total polyphenols content, ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and organic acid determination. Among sous vide-processed samples, the samples with the highest (p < 0.05) antioxidant activity were processed at 80 °C, containing pectin; the results were the following: phenols content 0.56 ± 0.01 mg gallic acid/kg; FRAP antioxidant activity 0.32 ± 0.01 µmol Trolox/g; DPPH antioxidant activity 21.39 ± 0.33%. The obtained results showed that fruit jam production with the use of sous vide technology can affect antioxidant capacity of this food commodity. The research also provided important information about non-traditional fruit, such as medlar fruit (Mespilus germanica L.), and its processing by sous vide technology. Certainly, more analyses are necessary to give a clearer picture of the changes in medlar fruit during processing at different temperatures, and processing technologies, especially because there are presently no publications about the use of medlar fruit as a raw material in fruit jam preparation.
Influence of Pretreatments and Freeze-Drying Conditions of Strawberries on Drying Kinetics and Physicochemical Properties
Authors: Biernacka Beata , Dziki Dariusz , Rudy Stanisław , Krzykowski Andrzej , Polak Renata , Dziki Laura
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of pretreatments and drying temperature on the freeze-drying (FD) kinetics, ascorbic acid content, color changes, and antioxidant activity (AA) of strawberries. Experiments were performed at 20 °C, 40 °C, and 60 °C, with a constant pressure of 63 Pa in the FD chamber. The strawberry samples were cut into slices (CS) and pulped (PS) before drying. The drying kinetics was best described using the Midilli or logistic model depending on the strawberry grinding method used and the FD temperature. The FD of strawberries significantly increased the lightness, redness, and yellowness of the dried fruit. The FD temperature and pretreatment methods had little influence on the total phenolic content (TPC) and AA. The lowest TPC was found in strawberry pulps after dehydration at 60 °C, and the highest TPC was observed in strawberry slices dehydrated at the same temperature (18.54 and 22.04 mg of gallic acid equivalent per gram of dry mass, respectively). Furthermore, the ascorbic acid content in dried strawberries was higher for the samples freeze-dried at a higher temperature.
A Review on Pyrometallurgical Extraction of Antimony from Primary Resources: Current Practices and Evolving Processes
Authors: Moosavi-Khoonsari Elmira , Mostaghel Sina , Siegmund Andreas , Cloutier Jean-Pierre
Published: August 2022

Antimony is classified as a critical/strategic metal. Its primary production is predominated by China via pyrometallurgical routes such as volatilization roasting—reduction smelting or direct reduction smelting. The performance of most of the pyro-processes is very sensitive to concentrate type and grade. Therefore, technology selection for a greenfield plant is a significant and delicate task to maximize the recovery rate of antimony and subsequently precious metals (PMs), mainly gold, from the concentrates. The current paper reviews the conventional pyrometallurgical processes and technologies that have been practiced for the treatment of antimony concentrates. The blast furnace is the most commonly used technology, mainly because of its adaptability to different feeds and grades and a high recovery rate. In addition, several other more environmentally friendly pyrometallurgical routes, that were recently developed, are reviewed but these are still at laboratory- or pilot-scales. For example, decarbonization of antimony production through the replacement of carbonaceous reductants with hydrogen seems to be feasible, although the process is still at its infancy, and further research and development are necessary for its commercialization. At the end, available refining methods for removal of the most important impurities including arsenic, sulfur, lead, iron, and copper from crude antimony are discussed.
MOBILIZATION ECONOMY AS A TECHNOLOGY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF TOTAL SANCTIONS
Authors: Vinslav Yuriy B.
Published: August 2022

The institutional and managerial features of the world practice of economic sanctions are characterized. The classification of economic sanctions is proposed, as well as the directions of strategic analysis in this area. The features of the application of foreign sanctions to the Russian economy are considered. The content of anti-crisis measures planned to stabilize the Russian economy under sanctions is outlined. The expediency of using the mobilization economic model as a technology of public administration in special conditions is substantiated. The author’s systematization of the state’s actions on the introduction of the mobilization regime is given. The directions of economic transformation in the context of overcoming the crisis are characterized. The features of the management of the industrial sphere at various stages of the use of the mobilization regime are considered. The directions of transformation of corporate business models under the conditions of sanctions are formulated.
Crop Disease Prediction with Convolution Neural Network (CNN) Augmented With Cellular Automata
Authors: Pokkuluri Kiran Sree , Nedunuri Sri Satya Sarada Nandini Usha Devi
Published: August 2022

Food security is the primary concern of any country, and crop diseases are the major threats to this. Each stage of the crop will be affected by various diseases starting from seeding to ripeness. The spread of the crop diseases is very rapid, and identification of this is challenging as the infrastructure is very less to monitor the same. After a thorough literature survey, we understood there are several ways of predicting the disease and yield prediction. We have developed two new and robust classifiers, one which processes images to predict the crop's diseases, and the second one uses the weather data to predict the same. Both classifiers use deep-learning technique Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) augmented with six neighborhood cellular automata to predict the crop disease and yield. This work will be first of its kind to develop two classifiers for six crop disease prediction. The average time to compute the yield of a particular crop is less than 0.5 nanoseconds. The first classifier is named as CNN-CA-I, which was trained/tested to process 245 different crop species and 132 diseases associated with these crops where image segmentation is done with higher accuracy, thus strengthening the disease recognition system. We gave collected public datasets of 12, 45,678 images diseases and leaves of healthy plants taken in ideal conditions. This model reports an accuracy of 92.6% on a tested standard dataset for disease and yield prediction. The second classifier is CNN-CA-W that predicts crop disease trained and tested with environment data.8,52.624 datasets are collected from ECMWF for processing the weather data to predict the crop's condition and thus reporting the yield of the crop. This model reports an accuracy of 90.1% on a tested standard dataset.
مدى فاعليّة التّعليم بالتّعلّم عن بعد من وجهة نظر طلبة كليّة الإعلام في جامعة اليرموك في ظلّ أزمة كورونا ومستجدّاتها
Authors: Olaimat Farhan , Almanajrah Maram , Jwaniatt Marcell , Rawabdeh Maram
Published: August 2022

الأهداف : دراسة مدى فاعليّة التّعليم بالتّعلم عن بعد من وجهة نظر طلبة كليّة الإعلام في جامعة اليرموك في ظلّ أزمة كورونا ومستجدّاتها.
المنهجية: اعتمدت الدّراسة على المنهج الوصفي المسحي، وتمّ توزيع استبانة مكوّنة من أربعة أبعاد رئيسة هي: التّفاعل، المحتوى، التّقييم، أدوات التعليم عن بعد على عيّنة من (350) طالبًا وطالبةً من طلبة كليّة الإعلام في جامعة اليرموك، تمّ اختيارهم من خلال العشوائيّة الطّبقيّة.
النتائج: ظهر أنّ فاعليّة التّعليم بالتّعلم عن بعد في ظلّ انتشار فيروس كورونا على نحو عام كان متوسّطًا، وأنّ أبعاد فاعلية التعليم بالتعلم عن بعد جاءت بدرجة متوسطة وعلى النحو الآتي: أوّلا، التّفاعل، ثانيًا المحتوى، ثالثًا أدوات التّعليم عن بعد، رابعًا التّقييم.
التوصيات: وقد أوصت الدراسة بوضع خطط وبرامج ودورات تدريبيّة لكلّ من الطّلّاب والمعلّمين تمكّنهم من التّوجّه نحو التّعليم بالتّعلّم عن بعد على نحو يضمن استمراريته وبصورة أكثر إيجابيّة.
The Situation of Communication and Media in the Syrian Refugee Camps in Jordan (The Zaatari Camp as a Model)
Authors: Olaimat Farhan , AL-Tahat Khalaf
Published: August 2022

This study aims to identify the communication and media reality in the Syrian refugee camps in Jordan. In addition, there are other aims such as knowing the reality of communication among Syrian people in camps through identifying the most used Jordanian, Arab and international means of communications and social media. And the extent to which these means of communications satisfy the requirements of Syrians in camps. This study is considered one of the descriptive studies that was based on the survey method through the questionnaire tool on a sample of 243 participants from the Zaatari refugee camp. The study came up with many results , the most important:: It was found that 95.1 of the study sample owned a smart phone, 39.5 owns a computer, -91.4 owns a TV, and 70.4 owns a Satellite TV receiver,92.2 owns internet packages connected to their smart phones,34.4 owns home internet packages -It was found that the majority of the study sample suffers from problems in the Internet, and The Jordanian Television is the most Jordanian media to be followed. It was also found that WhatsApp is the most used social media by the study sample. Moreover, half of the study sample was found to be dissatisfied with communication services in the camp. Accordingly, this paper provides the following recommendations: It is necessary to improve the internet services in Syrian camps in Jordan. And that Jordanian and Arab means of communication show more care for Syrian refugees and their problems.
Marital Abuse: Its Impact on Wife’s Right to her Dowry in Islamic Family Law
Authors: Dwairi Orwah Nassir
Published: August 2022

Objectives: The prime purpose of the present study is to critically address how the two Sharia arbitrators determine the percentage of marital abuse with a focus on its legal impacts on wife’s right to her dowry.
Methods: Qualitative and quantitative research methods were applied in order to support and strengthen the arguments of the present study. It is highly important to jurisprudentially contextualise the issue of marital discord and conflict within the Islamic Fiqh. The researcher argues that Article No. 126 of Jordan’s Family Law No. 15 of 2019 is not effective enough in addressing cases of marital abuse because there is a steady increase in rates of the divorce based on issues of the marital discord and conflict in Jordan.
Results: This study has come to the result that the two Sharia arbitrators’ report does not comply with Sharia guideline and Fiqh conditions in protecting wife’s right to her dowry. It is the contention of the researcher that the prompt and deferred dowry is the wife’s inalienable right in the Holy Quran and Sunnah. Thus, Article No. 126 needs to be reviewed to be more compatible with Islamic Law.
Conclusions: Therefore, this study highly concludes that the determination of percentage of marital abuse in Sharia arbitration must be abolished and therefore the role of arbitrators should be restriced to the process of marital reconciliation, if applicable,  such that it becomes more compatible with Islamic Fiqh.
Smart Contracts Used in the Blockchain: A Juristic Stud
Authors: Alboul Saba mohammed mostafa , Dawood Hayel Abd-alHafeez Yousef
Published: August 2022

Objectives: The research aims to clarify the ruling on forming smart contracts using the blockchain technology, and the related conditions and pillars of legality.
Methods: The researchers used a descriptive approach to describe smart contracts and the pillars on which they are based, an inductive approach by extrapolating the scientific material related to the topic of research from ancient fiqh books, contemporary books, and an analytical approach to clarify the legality of smart contracts using the blockchain, its pillars and related conditions.
Results: The study concluded that the concept of smart contracts that are formed using blockchain is a contemporary technological term, and there is no agreement on an overarching definition of it. This is because the technology through which these contracts are formed is constantly evolving. The study also found that blockchain technology is the infrastructure for implementing smart contracts, and it is a special type of decentralized database. It also concluded that the pillars of the smart contract, such as the formulation, the contracting parties, and the subject of the contract are in essence compatible with the pillars of the contract in Islamic jurisprudence. The legality of smart contracts used in the blockchain is determined by the smart contract through which they are made, and the legal ruling for conducting contracts using the blockchain follows the contract that is done through it. The principle in these contracts and the contractual conditions based on them is that they are permissible as long as they do not violate Shari’a when concluding them via blockchain.
Conclusions: The researchers recommend examining the possibility of benefiting from blockchain technology in developing financing formulas in Islamic banks.
(The Impact of Corona Virus on Contractual Imbalance and Ways to Treat it in Lease Contracts: A Legal Jurisprudence Study (Jordan as a Model
Authors: Damour Iyad Falah
Published: August 2022

Objectives: The study aims to show the impact of Corona virus on contractual imbalance in lease contracts and ways to treat it.
Methods: The researcher relied on a descriptive, analytical and deductive method in his study. He employed a descriptive approach to clarify the main terms in the study, which are: ijarah, Corona virus, and contractual balance. He also employed an analytical method in addressing the impact of Corona virus on contractual balance. As for the deductive approach, it came to devise ways to address the contractual imbalance due to Corona virus in lease contracts.
Results: The study concluded a number of results. Corona virus affected the contractual balance in many contracts, including lease contracts, as it contributed to the breach of the obligations of the parties to the contract. Dealing with Corona pandemic must take into account the interests of the contracting parties, which are justice and balance. The measures taken by the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan to confront the Corona virus had a direct impact on contracts, and on lease contracts in particular. There are legitimate and legal solutions to address contractual imbalance in lease contracts due to the Corona virus, such as termination, reduction of obligation, contract modification, or termination.
Conclusions: The researcher recommends that official authorities add the phrase "taking into account the interests of both parties" to Defense Law, Article (11).
Al-Zamakhshari's Rhetorical Questions in the Interpretation of Surat An-Nahl
Authors: Saleh Nizar Atallah
Published: August 2022

Objectives: The study aims to clarify the opinion of Al-Zamakhshari on revealing witticisms and rhetorical secrets in the Holy Qura’an. It also aims to present the words of the interpreters who worked with the eloquence of the verses of the Qur’an, and to weigh the different perspectives of these commentators. The study then concluded with the most plausible perspective.
Methods: The researcher proceeded to study these issues according to their interpretation of Surat An-Nahl from Al-Kashshaf, where he followed inductive and analytical methods.
Results: The study reached a number of results. The contexts in which the words appear are those that require the introduction of a word in one place and its delay in another. The prioritization of rest over demobilization in the Almighty’s saying “when you bring them in [for the evening] and when you send them out [to pasture]” was necessitated by the context of the conversation about the blessing of the beauty of these cattle. Furthermore, it is these contexts that help to understand the advent of the indefinite or definite words, towards the Almighty’s saying “with the result that someone's foot may slip after it was firmly planted”. Indefiniteness in this context denotes the meaning of glorification.
Conclusions: The study recommends addressing the questions raised by Al-Zamakhshari in his interpretation because of their profound impact on the interpretation of the Qur’anic verses and the importance reflected in highlighting the rules and principles of language and interpretation.
Slaughter According to Sharia: A Study in Islamic Doctrine and Jurisprudence
Authors: Al Salaymeh Rana Mazin
Published: August 2022

Objectives: Islamic Slaughtering is one of the issues by which the servant becomes close to Allah in accordance with what is stipulated in the legal texts. The reason for the choice of the study is that the Muslim should be aware of what he/she eats or drinks. Therefore, the study came in accordance with the rules of doctrinal and legal provisions. The main objective is to clarify the doctrinal controls and the legal rulings related to slaughtering.
Methods: The research applied three approaches, namely inductive, descriptive, and analytical. The material investigated related to the subject of Islamic slaughtering was drawn from the doctrinal and jurisprudential perspectives, by clarifying the legality of the sacrifices of the People of the Book, clarifying the views of the jurisprudential schools on the issue, and defining the term Islamic Slaughtering.
Results: The research finds that the sacrifices of the People of the Book are permissible for all legal texts, and that the sacrifice is not valid unless the name of Allah is uttered, even if it is in a language other than the Arabic.
Conclusions: The researcher recommends that Muslims should ask about Islamic Slaughtering because it is an act of worshipping Allah the Almighty. The sacrifices of the People of the Book are not problematic because it is a solution for Muslims. Thus, it is crucial that Muslims ensure that meat imported from non-Muslim countries was slaughtered according to Islamic rules
MINING POLICY CONFLICT:
Authors: La Ode Muhammad Elwan  , Muhammad Yusuf  , La Ode Herman Halika
Published: August 2022

This study aims to determine the MINING POLICY CONFLICT: Recruitment of Local Workers in Morosi Industrial Estate, Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. The focus of the study is to find the design of mining policies and the impact of mining as well as the adoption model for the application of mining policies in the recruitment of local workers in the Morosi Industrial Estate.

This type of research is qualitative with an analytical descriptive design, used to collect data by researchers and present descriptive data with in-depth analysis. This research was conducted in the administrative area of the Morosi Industrial Estate which is within the territory of the Konawe Regency Government of Southeast Sulawesi Province.

The results of the study explain that the Konawe Regency Government is able to take advantage of opportunities to increase regional economic growth even during the Covid-19 pandemic by opening up investment opportunities and massive employment through collaboration with PT. VDNI and PT. OSS. The dynamics of mining conflicts in the recruitment of local workers can be minimized so that the Konawe Regency Government and the Konawe people feel that it is a reduction in unemployment and poverty. Furthermore, currently, the adaptation that can be done by the Konawe Regency Government is to increase the competence of the local community of prospective workers according to the needs of mining companies
Non-linear displacement and deformation damage limits of reinforced concrete circular columns by analytical observations according to TBSC 2018
Authors: FOROUGHİ Saeid , YÜKSEL Bahadır
Published: August 2022

In the study, based on the non-linear calculation methods used to determine the seismic performance of structures in TBSC 2018, the stress-strain, moment-curvature, displacement capacity, plastic rotation limits, and deformation-based damage limit values of the reinforced concrete circular cross-section columns were calculated and compared according to different design parameters. The studied effects of the design parameters on the non-linear relation of reinforced concrete columns were also evaluated in terms of strength, curvature, and displacement ductility of the sections. All design parameters affecting the non-linear behavior and deformation limits of the reinforced concrete circular cross-section columns were taken into account. Deformation demands for reinforced concrete structural members are essential for detecting element damage. Based on TBSC (2018), non-linear relationships of reinforced concrete columns were obtained in order to calculate plastic hinge properties and deformation limits. For the Limited Damage, Controlled Damage, and Collapse Prevention performance levels defined for the structural elements in TBSC 2018, plastic rotation and deformation limit values were obtained according to the characteristic values calculated from the non-linear analyzes of reinforced concrete circular columns. For column models, damage limits and damage zones calculated based on TBSC 2018 were shown on the visually obtained moment-curvature relationships. Depending on the upper deformation limit values derived, cross-sectional deformation damage levels were determined and evaluated using the moment-curvature relationships. The variation of the non-linear behavior of column models by design parameters and deformation-based damage limits were examined both analytically and visually. The deformation limits remain in a safer direction as a result of increasing longitudinal and spiral reinforcement ratios for the reinforced concrete circular columns.
ЕКОЛОГО-БІОЛОГІЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ЖИВОПЛОТІВ У МІСТІ МУКАЧЕВО
Authors: Дудин Роман , Левусь Тарас
Published: August 2022

Проведено дослідження живоплотів в умовах міста Мукачево стосовно видового складу, структури, еколого-біологічних та конструктивних особливостей. На 42 облікових ділянках вивчено поширення живоплотів у різних за функціональним призначенням насадженнях, таксономічний, систематичний і біоморфологічний склад живоплотів, структурні особливості та їх санітарний стан. Досліджували відношення рослин, що формують живоплоти до різних умов зростання, зокрема до родючості та вологості ґрунтів та освітленості. Запропоновано заходи із покращення умов зростання живоплотів та підвищення їх декоративності.
ОЦІНКА АСОЦІАЦІЙ ПОЛІМОРФІЗМІВ ГЕНІВ MTHFR C677T, MTR A2756G, MTHFR A1298C ІЗ РОЗВИТКОМ ДІАБЕТИЧНОЇ РЕТИНОПАТІЇ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ НА ЦУКРОВИЙ ДІАБЕТ 2 ТИПУ
Authors: Прокопенко Юлія , Риков Сергій
Published: August 2022

Вступ.Активно вивчається зв'язок поліморфізмів генів, що кодують синтез ферментів і кофакторів, пов'язаних з метаболізмом гомоцистеїну, із розвитком мікросудинних ускладнень на тлі цукрового діабету 2 типу (ЦД2). В світі існує невизначеність відносно ризику розвитку діабетичної ретинопатії (ДР) у носіїв різних поліморфізмів.