bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Palatalization in Central Bùlì
Authors: Akanlig-Pare George
Published: May 2021

Palatalization is a process through which non-palatal consonants acquire palatality, either through a shift in place of articulation from a non-palatal region to the hard palate or through the superimposition of palatal qualities on a non-palatal consonant. In both cases, there is a front, non-low vowel or a palatal glide that triggers the process. In this paper, I examine the palatalization phenomena in Bùlì using Feature Geometry within the non-linear generative phonological framework. I argue that both full and secondary palatalization occur in Buli. The paper further explains that, the long high front vowel /i:/, triggers the formation of a palato-alveolar affricate which is realized in the Central dialect of Bùlì, where the Northern and Central dialects retain the derived palatal stop.
Synthetic chalcone derivatives inhibit cytokine secretion via inhibition of ERK and JNK pathways in human U937 macrophage
Authors: Sian Lee Jian , Jasamai Malina , Yaakob Nor Syafinaz , Fauzi Norsyahida Mohd
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To investigate the inhibitory effects of a chalcone derivative on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- induced interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 secretions and on LPS-induced mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation in human U937 macrophage-like cell line.

Methods: The effects of chalcone derivative on LPS-induced secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 in endothelial cells were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay while the effects of chalcone on the activation of MAPK and NF-kB pathway were determined by Western blotting.

Results: The results showed that 3-(5-methyl-furan-2-yl)-naphthalen-1-yl-propenone (compound 1) significantly inhibited the secretion of LPS-induced IL-6 and IL-8 in U937 macrophages. This compound also demonstrated significant suppression of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and extracellular signalregulated kinases (ERK) phosphorylation. However, the compound did not reverse the degradation of inhibitor kappa B alpha (IκBα) and did not inhibit the phosphorylation of NF-κB subunit and P-38 MAPK.

Conclusion: Compound 1 inhibits the secretion of cytokines via the inhibition of ERK and JNK pathways. These results suggest that chalcone derivative could act as an antiinflammatory agent by altering cytokine secretion and inflammatory pathways.
Hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, anti-amylase, and antiglucosidase effects of Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) against carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity in rats
Authors: Al-Ghamdi Amal Ahmed Mohammed , El-Zohri Manal , Shahat Abdelaaty A.
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To explore the hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, anti-amylase, and anti-glucosidase effects of the medicinal plant Ziziphus spina-christi (L.).

Methods: Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) methanol extract (ZS-1) and its ethyl-acetate (ZS-2), n-butanol (ZS3), and aqueous (ZS-4) fractions were evaluated for their hepatoprotective, anti-amylase, and antiglucosidase activities. Adult male Wister rats were divided into 11 groups (I- XI) with 6 mice per group. Group I was normal control, while the treatment groups were as follows: group II, CCl4; group III, Silymarin + CCl4; group IV, Ziziphus spina-christi total methanol extract (ZS-1), 100 mg/kg) + CCl4; group V, ZS-1 (200 mg/kg) + CCl4; group VI, ethyl acetate fraction (ZS-2), 100 mg/kg + CCl4; group VII: ZS-2 (200 mg/kg) + CCl4; group VIII, butanol fraction (ZS-3), 100 mg/kg) + CCl4; group IX, ZS-3 (200 mg/kg) + CCl4; group X, aqueous fraction (ZS-4), 100 mg/kg) + CCl4; group XI: ZS-4 (200 mg/kg) + CCl4. Silymarin was used as the standard. Biomarkers of liver and kidney toxicity and histopathological changes were evaluated.

Results: Liver and kidney malondialdehyde (MDA), non-protein sulfhydryls (NP-SH) and total protein levels were elevated in CCl4-treated rats; however, ZS-1 and ZS-4 of Z. spina-christi significantly reduced these levels. ZS-2 and ZS-3 did not significantly improve the studied parameters. These results were confirmed by results from histopathological examination. ZS-1 and ZS-2 showed mild inhibitory activities against α-amylase and α-glucosidase (54 and 43 % at 100 µg/ml, respectively).

Conclusion: The results indicate that ZS-1 and ZS-4 samples displayed dose-dependent hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects, whereas ZS-2 and ZS-3 samples did not exhibit these effects. Similarly, α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes are considerably inhibited by ZS-1 and ZS-2.
Evaluation of anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of methanol extract of Mazus pumilus (Burm. f.) Steenis (Mazaceae) herb
Authors: Ishtiaq Saiqa , Ilyas Ayesha , Irshad Numera , Niaz Uzma , Hanif Uzma , Afridi Muhammad Shaharyar Khan , Shaheen Shabnam , Kamran Sairah H.
Published: May 2021

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities of the methanol extract of Mazus pumilus (Mazaceae) herb.

Methods: Anti-nociceptive activity was determined using hot plate, tail flick and acetic acid-induced writing methods. Carrageenan-induced rat paw edema (0.1 mL of 1 %) model was used for the assessment of anti-inflammatory activity. The methanol extract was administered orally at three different doses (150, 300 and 600 mg/kg) to three separate groups in all the experiments. Diclofenac sodium (50 mg/kg) was used as standard drug while control group received DMSO (1 %, 10 mL/kg). The hepatocurative effect of methanol extract of M. pumilus (400 mg/kg) was determined in isoniazid (50 mg/kg) and rifampicin (100 mg/kg) induced liver injury. Silymarin (100 mg/kg) was used as standard drug for comparison. The control group received distilled water (10 mL/kg). Preliminary phytochemical screening was also carried out.

Results: The methanol extract of M. pumilus significantly (p < 0.05) augmented latency time and reduced the number of writhes in the pain models at all doses used for the assessment of antinociceptive actions. The anti-inflammatory activity of different doses of extract was evaluated by measuring the reduction in the size of the paw. A significant (p < 0.05) hepatocurative effect was observed when administered after anti-tuberculosis drugs. Histopathological analysis of the liver tissues also revealed restored hepatocellular architecture.

Conclusion: The results demonstrate the anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of the methanol extract of M. pumilus, thus substantiating the ethnomedical claims associated with the herb.
Caretaker Committee and Performance of Local Government Council in Anambra State
Authors: Joyce Mbaebie Joyce Mbaebie
Published: May 2021

The study focused on the caretaker committee and performance of local Government Council in Nigeria: A study of Anambra State 2008 - 2013. In Nigeria federal structure, the three levels of government have legislative responsibility for various services and functions. The fourth schedule of the constitution outlines the functions and responsibilities of local government. The objective of the study is to: determine if the imposition of the caretaker committee system is a constitutional provision of the local government system in Nigeria especially Anambra State; to determine if the adoption of the caretaker committee by the state government affected the capacity of local government to perform its functions. The theoretical framework adopted focused on structural functional theory propounded by Gabriel Almond and J.S. Coleman in 1960. The study adopted descriptive research design and relied heavily on both primary and secondary data. Questionnaire was the major instrument for data collection and data were analyzed by the use of mean. Based on the data analysis, the following findings were made: the imposition of the caretaker committee system by state government to local governments is unconstitutional, the adoption of the caretaker committee by state government endangered the local government system capacity to perform its constitutional function. The study recommended amongst others that the use of or appointment of local government caretaker committee should be condemned, caretaker committee should be made to spend only three months to allow for a constitutionally elected local government executive.

Keywords: Local Government, Caretaker, Committee, Grassroots, Performance.
Catering Entrepreneurship Opportunities Open to Women for Wealth Creation and Sustainable Development in Nigeria
Authors: Oladokun Augustina
Published: May 2021

Breaking away from the shackles of unemployment and ridicules of poverty is the dream of every individual and every nation. This paper on catering entrepreneurship opportunities open to women for wealth creation and sustainable development in Nigeria is very timing considering the weight of hunger, anger and illnesses in many homes in Nigeria due to poverty. Women are nation builders but unfortunately, many are unemployed. For economic development and sustainability, women who are nation builders need to strive hard to create wealth and generate income. This paper looked at the concept of wealth, wealth creation and opportunities open to women in catering business ventures for survival. Looking at the strategies stimulating women participation in catering wealth creation, nonformal education and extension services among others were highlighted. It was suggested that in the creation of wealth, money must be wisely spent and other principles of money management strictly adhered to.

Keywords: Wealth, wealth creation, catering, entrepreneurship, and entrepreneurship opportunities
Restructuring NDDC: Pathway to Development in the Niger Delta Region
Authors: Ubiebi Kingsley , Ogbonna Ikechukwu Stanley
Published: May 2021

Niger Delta comprises of the South-South states, Ondo state from the South west, Imo and Abia States from the South East region of Nigeria. Despite the huge mineral resources that the region generates and the driving force to the national economy, the region remains in abject poverty, youth unemployment, poor infrastructure and high level insecurity. This paper investigates the role of NDDC, successes and challenges in the development of Niger Delta region. The Marxist instrumentalist theory was adopted as the theoretical framework of analysis. Documentary method was adopted as the method of data collection and content analysis was employed as the method of analysis. The paper found out that the federal government has created several interventionist bodies which include the Niger Delta Development Board (NDDB) (1958), the Oil Minerals Producing and Development Commission (OMPADEC) (1992), the Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC) (2000) and the most recent,  Ministry of Niger Delta (2008). In spite of this various interventionist bodies, the region is still far underdeveloped with little or nothing on ground compared to what is being exploited from the region. As an oil producing region, it ought to enjoy massive infrastructural development, job creation, empowerment programs and peaceful society, among others. However, this paper is of the view that a lot still needs to be done, as the region is retrogressing speedily instead of progressing in regards to the core indices of development. This paper also found out that corruption has eaten deep into the affair of NDDC. There is also a report of a cabal who hijacks contracts and sells it to contractors that end up doing low standard jobs not in line with the bill of quantities or not doing at all. The paper recommends total restructuring of Ministry of Niger Delta and NDDC in area of staff posting and review of organogram of the board. There should be a think-tank team of individuals with reputable character both from government and representatives of the people, towards listing out the needs of the people according to preference. A review of projects done and the ones ongoing across the Niger Delta oil producing states with the contractors involved to see if it is in line with the bill of quantities, any contractor found wanting should face the full wrath of the law.

Keywords: Restructuring, Development, Niger Delta, Corruption, Oil Politics
Restructuring towards Sustainable Development: The Role Corporate Social Responsibility Should Play in the Development of the Niger Delta Region
Authors: Orhero Abraham , Edo Zephaniah Osuyi
Published: May 2021

The oil rich Niger Delta region is host to several big corporations that are involved in the exploration and extraction of her oil. Right from 1958 when oil was first exported in commercial quantity, the region has continued to play significant role in the budgetary calculation of Nigeria. However, despite its oil wealth, the Niger Delta is largely underdeveloped as its environment have been impacted negatively by the activities of oil multinationals and ignored by successive governments. Over the years, conflicts and oil theft have also affected its development. This is in spite of oil companies affirmed commitment to corporate social behavior. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been used to measure a company developmental commitment to host communities and it is a well settled argument that companies have a role to play no matter how minimal, either to mitigate the impacts of their activities or to enhance local participation. This paper attempts to look at how effective oil multinationals CSR is in the region, in the wake of increased spate of violence, social activism and massive environmental degradation.

Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Environmental Responsibility, Niger Delta
Restructuring Ceramic Production for Wealth Creation, Security and Sustainable Development through the Construction of Kick Wheel
Authors: Esosuakpo Sunday
Published: May 2021

Right from the time of independence, Nigeria has adopted different restructuring methods in order to create wealth that will improve her economy, ensure security and enhance sustainable development. In doing this, different aspects of human and natural resources have been explored. But it appears that ceramics which is a branch of industrial art and an aspect of the people’s culture has not been considered even when the major raw material (clay) required is abundantly available as the oil. Perhaps, its non-consideration could be due to the crude tools used which do not give room for mass production of ceramic wares that could generate wealth to the nation and her citizens, ensure security and  enhance sustainable development in Nigeria. Therefore, this paper explores restructuring ceramic production for wealth creation, security and enhancement of sustainable development in Nigeria through the construction of kick wheel. In carrying out the construction, materials were sourced and constructed into parts. Thereafter, assemblage was done through welding and screwing of parts. In a trial test, the kickwheel worked effectively in mass production of ceramic wares that could create wealth and make ceramics interesting for people to take up as job, thus reduce idleness and crime and ensure peace and security. The paper recommended among others that our country should establish centres for local constructions and fabrications as it will help in turning out our own Nigerian made tools and equipment, give room for apprenticeship, facilitate establishment of cottage industries, help revamp and restructure moribund industries, create wealth, and enhance security and sustainable development in Nigeria.

Keywords: Restructure, National Development, Construction, Kick- Wheel, Ceramics, Wares, Wealth Creation
Political Determination of Intergovernmental Grants: Evidence from the General Shared Tax in South Korea
Authors: Kim Sungchan , Park Soyoung
Published: May 2021

Intergovernmental transfers can help coordinate resource distribution among local governments to address the disparities between them. Local governments in South Korea heavily rely on general shared tax as an unconditional grant from the central government. Yet, the central government modifies factors and weights in the formula to allocate the grants; thus, the final grants might not always reflect the formula accurately. We aimed to empirically investigate the political influence on the allocation mechanism in practice related to the general shared tax in South Korea. We found that political influence, based on the political ideology of the municipal government chief, which is the same as that of the president, affects the amount of increased general shared tax from the central government. This indicates that the framework for the distribution of resources between different levels of governments is neither efficient nor equitable.
Global Environment and Local Governments: Global Norms, Policy Adoption, and Local Diffusion
Authors: Park Nara
Published: May 2021

This article investigates a central question in modern organization theory, how organizations adapt to environmental changes by examining  the diffusion of environmental ordinances among Korean local governments, 1995 to 2016. There are two waves in the diffusion; ‘Environment Basic Ordinance (1996-2007)’ and ‘Green Growth Ordinance (2010-2013).’ We argue that Korean local governments have increasingly become autonomous and accountable actors that respond to diversified stimulus from surrounding environments, while also concerning about their own needs and capacity. Hence, in adopting ‘Green Growth Ordinances,’ competitively adopted in the 2010s, Korean local governments considered more factors than they had done for ‘Environment Basic Ordinances.’ Employing event history analysis, we find empirical support for this argument. By comparing the diffusion pattern of the two environmental ordinances, this paper traces changing mechanisms of local environmental governance as well as policy diffusion among Korean local governments.
When words become difficult: a critical reflection of the ‘MeBox’ method in understanding senior travellers’ responses to loss
Authors: Ramanayake Uditha , Cockburn-Wootten Cheryl , McIntosh Alison
Published: May 2021

Multiple dimensions of our experiences such as visual, embodied and sensory experiences cannot always be easily expressed in words. Traditional qualitative methods may struggle to access these deep-rooted complex and emotional aspects. Tourism scholars have called for innovative methodologies to unravel layers of diverse meaning in phenomena. This article critically reflects on a visual tool called the ‘MeBox’. It was adopted in our study to explore senior travellers’ responses to loss following a major life event. The ‘MeBox’ method enabled participants to express embedded and tacit knowledge to reflect on their lived experiences. We critically review the ‘MeBox’ methodology, and provide practical learnings for scholars who may want to adopt this method as a means to understand lived experiences that are difficult to express in words.
Freedom camping in Aotearoa New Zealand: an exploration of stakeholder perceptions
Authors: Seeler Sabrina , Lueck Michael
Published: May 2021

The global COVID-19 health pandemic has shaken the most stable political systems, and left deep economic scars across industries. With global and national travel at a standstill, the tourism industry is among the most heavily hit. The gradual lifting of restrictions has already fuelled tourism demand, and previous hopes of rebuilding and transforming tourism more sustainably are vanishing. To ensure that pre-COVID-19 situations of unsustainable development do not resurface, it is of critical importance to go beyond economically driven crisis recovery. Instead, governments need to reconsider pre-crisis challenges, such as imbalances between tourists and residents, infrastructure shortages, and questions around the efficiency of regulations and policies. In New Zealand, issues related to freedom camping have fuelled these debates, with headlines relating to tourists defecating in public space, dropping garbage, and being ‘freeloaders’ with little economic value. Adopting a multiple stakeholder approach, this research note empirically explores stakeholder perceptions of challenges associated with freedom camping in the context of New Zealand. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 stakeholders representing host communities, local councils, national agencies, tourism businesses, and regional tourism organisations. Qualitative data analysis reveals positive changes and reduced impacts as results of additional infrastructure funding, educational measures, and locally enforced bylaws. However, participants also noted the need for a national framework, and clear statements and messages regarding domestic demand. Considering that nature-based experiences that allow for social distancing, such as (freedom) camping, have grown significantly during the pandemic and that domestic tourists will be crucial to post-COVID tourism recovery, this original multiple stakeholder approach delivers policy-relevant insights and provides avenues for future research with regard to a responsible and sustainable tourism restart.
El juego de ser vs. parecer – la relatividad de la culpabilidad e inocencia en las obras de tres dramaturgos hispanoamericanos: Pavlovsky, Diament, Santana
Authors: Falska Maria
Published: May 2021

‘To be’ vs. ‘to appear to be’ – the relativity of innocence and guilt in plays of Pavlovsky, Diament, and Santana

The aim of this paper is to compare three dramatic works by Latin-American playwrights: Argentinians Eduardo Pavlovsky and Mario Diament, and Rodolfo Santana from Venezuela. The three dramatists belong to a fairly the same artistic generation (they were born in, respectively: 1937, 1942, and 1944). The examined works originate in approximately the same period of time (Los criminales by Santana was published in 1968, La mueca by Pavlovsky and Crónica de un secuestro by Diament in 1971). These three texts demonstrate intriguing similarities in their dramatic structure. The central dramatic devices employ antinomies between the notions of ‘being’ and ‘appearing to be’, as well as gradual ascertainment of characters’ personal experiences from a standpoint of guiltiness and innocence. The intensity of interpersonal relations between characters is marked with various kinds of violence, where victims may become oppressors, and possibly contrariwise. The confinement of characters in a limited space prompts penitence and soul-searching.
Fantastic hesitation, phenomena and the male character in Marie NDiaye’s Three Strong Women
Authors: Swoboda Anna
Published: May 2021

The aim of this article is to demonstrate that the male protagonist of the second story of Marie NDiaye’s Three Strong Women (Trois femmes puissantes) can be viewed as a fantastic character. The protagonist’s hesitation in the face of unsettling phenomena – both the external world and the traumatic events from his past – constitutes the central pivot of his construction. The fantastic characteristics of Rudy Descas, whose voice is predominant in the text, reveal the multidimensionality of the supernatural in NDiaye’s work, as the boundaries between the notion of the “character” and the “phenomenon” are not clearly defined. The analysis is based on literary theories concerning the nineteenth century fantastic, the new fantastic and the African fantastic.
L’adaptation de Salammbô en BD en version polonaise – vers une étude éditoriale-péritextuelle
Authors: Kulczewska Joanna
Published: May 2021

The Polish edition of the comic book adaptation of Salammbô – towards editorial and peritextual study

The author of this paper discusses the problem of peritextual and editorial issues, using the French 19th century novel Salammbô by Gustave Flaubert as an example. The following study consistsof peritextual analysis of the Polish version of Druillet’s comic book adaptation, which is the object ofthis research. The methodological approach is based on semiotic analysis. Umberto Eco’s conceptsof model reader and closed/opened texts are also applied. The aim of this paper is to define the role of editorial peritexts of literary comic book adaptations in the world of mass media.
Il sacrilegio di Vanni Fucci pistoiese e bestia nella Divina Commedia
Authors: Balducci Marino Alberto
Published: May 2021

The sacrilege of Vanni Fucci, the beast of Pistoia, in the Divine Comedy This hermeneutic analysis presents a reflection on the complex nature of the concept of theft in the Christian world, compared to the pagan one. The author develops the idea of the desperate blasphemy of the infernal prisoner as a form of unconscious prayer. Vanni Fucci from Pistoia, the sacrilegious and blasphemous character of Dante’s Inferno, is analyzed by referring to the fundamental difference between the classical and medieval philosophical perception of metamorphosis as a symbol.
Kanał Raduni – źródło wody dla mieszkańców Gdańska
Authors: Maciakowska Zofia
Published: May 2021

The Radunia Canal – a source of water for Gdańsk dwellers

Gdańsk development relied heavily on possibilities to ensure potable water supplies to its dwellers and flowing water by which business facilities could be located. The first Radunia canal was built in 1338. Its location changed twice, in 1571–1572 for the last time. Only this route is known – most of it survived till now.
Probably Gdańsk dwellers used water delivered by pipelines from the Radunia Canal already in the 1340s. Water was supplied to public sumps situated in the main streets of the city. The Old Town and the Old Suburb might have had similar systems, although probably of a smaller range. Access to water determined the development of the city and the location of hospitals, plants, and workshops.
Researchers are divided in their opinions on the location of the first canals. It is probably true that so called small Radunia canal shown by Keyser in the Old Town is the older one of them. It seems, however, that at city foreland it was located nearer the Main Town. The location of the next canal indicated by Kloeppel seems to be the most probable. Speculations formulated by Köhler and Keyser that both canals still existed at the beginning of the 16th c. are erroneous. In 1535 a pump station (Wasserkunst) constructed over the new canal made it possible to pump water to a separate water supply system in the Main Town. Since 1539the system was enriched with water delivered to Gdańsk by pipelines from Krzyżowniki intake. Ensuring adequate water flow in canals and proper water quality was an issue of special concern for Gdańsk authorities, as „das Wasser ein publicum bonum civitatis [sei]”. Orders were issued to reduce water pollution and the tax system and adequate regulations of law made it possible to care for the state of canal embankments and formworks and to make repairs of water intakes, Wasserkunst, the water supply system and sumps.
Belarusian Nationalism: Taking Stock of Its Accomplishments
Authors: Ioffe G.
Published: May 2021

Belarus is a country with a blurred identity that has not cut the umbilical cord connecting it with Mother Russia. According to a representative national survey of April 2020, only 25 percent of Belarusians would prefer to retain statehood and national sovereignty of Belarus even if their living standards worsen whereas 52 percent would opt for limited sovereignty if it is the price to pay for retaining or improving the quality of life. This may be the best-kept secret of Belarus and it has implications more serious than just economic dependency on Belarus’s eastern neighbor. Belarus used to be a contested borderland claimed by both Russians and Poles. Today, it is a country with two historical narratives and nation-building blueprints that have been confronting each other since the inception of the Belarusian national movement. While the neo-Soviet/Russo-centric narrative has held sway over the majority of Belarusians, the Westernizing narrative was hard-hit on several occasions but has been making headway since Gorbachev’s Perestroika. Pluses and minuses of two narratives and the attempts at bridging the gap between them are analyzed. There are essentially two kinds of divisions in Belarusian society: between the respective projects of nation-building and between Lukashenka loyalists and his detractors. These two divisions do not quite coincide, but there is a growing tendency to couch the ongoing political crisis in nationalist terms. The point is made that a lack of cohesive Belarusian identity is an existential threat to Belarusian statehood.
The “Europe – Russia” Dichotomy as an Invented Tradition of Modern Georgian Nationalism
Authors: Kyrchanov M. W.
Published: May 2021

In the article, the author analyzes the transformation of the dichotomy “Europe – Russia” in contemporary Georgian intellectual discourse as well as strategies and forms of positive and negative ideologization of the West and Russia. We state that the hypertrophied role of European and Russian images in the Georgian discourse has resulted from the belief of elites in the collective West as an alternative to Russian inﬂ uence. We analyze the main strategies of forming a positive image of Europe in Georgian intellectual discourse, believing that the development of European motifs and images by several generations of Georgian intellectuals led to the emergence of a unique Georgian Europeanism and the concept of the “Non Typical European” Georgian nation. The development of European images depends on the formation and promotion of the image of Russia as a universal Other. It is assumed that the negative mythologization of Russia resulted from the historical trauma of the loss of statehood, Georgia’s forced history in the Russian Empire and the USSR, as well as the failures in the Russian-Georgian relations in the post-Soviet period. Overall, the author believes that Russian and European narratives have become invented traditions of Georgian identity that inﬂ uence the strategies of elites in Georgian foreign policy.
The Open End of the War of Yugoslav Legacy: the Consequences of the Dissolution of the SFRY Three Decades Later
Authors: Yefremenko D. V.
Published: May 2021

The article examines the dynamics and prospects of resolving the main conﬂ icts in the Western Balkans three decades after the collapse of Yugoslavia. The most important factors inﬂ uencing the conﬂ ict dynamics in the region are ethnonationalism, ethnic homogenization and external interference. Western intervention made it possible to stop hostilities, but at the same time it actually consolidated the results of ethnic homogenization. The Serbo-Croatian conﬂ ict is close to its exhaustion due to the actual support of the West for Operation “Storm” (1995), the exodus of more than 200 thousand Serbs from Croatia, the integration of Croatia into NATO and the European Union. Despite the negative burden of historical memory, both Zagreb and Belgrade in bilateral relations are increasingly guided by political pragmatism and balanced assessments of the qualitatively changed situation. Against this background, the Dayton model of state structure in Bosnia and Herzegovina, built on the basis of institutional transactions of actors representing competing ethnocultural communities, demonstrates its dysfunctionality. The interaction and cooperation of these actors remain largely limited, carried out under external control and pressure. Regarding the structure of the article, the author, ﬁ rst, discusses some general issues contributing to the enduring conﬂ ict in the Western Balkans; second, the article examines the prospects of antagonism between the Serbs and Croats; third, I analyze the impact of the Dayton Accords on the post-Yugoslav space. I conclude that scenarios for the future of the Western Balkans, to which the European Union and the United States are oriented, do not lead to the elimination of the causes of major conﬂ icts in the post-Yugoslav space and obviously diverge in essential points from the images of the desired future that correspond to the aspirations of a signiﬁ cant part of the population in the region.
Parallel Hybridization for SAT: An Efficient Combination of Search Space Splitting and Portfolio
Authors: Konan Tchinda Rodrigue , Tayou Djamegni Clémentin
Published: May 2021

Search space splitting and portfolio are the two main approaches used in parallel SAT solving. Each of them has its strengths but also, its weaknesses. Decomposition in search space splitting can help improve speedup on satisfiable instances while competition in portfolio increases robustness. Many parallel hybrid approaches have been proposed in the literature but most of them still cope with load balancing issues that are the cause of a non-negligible overhead. In this paper, we describe a new parallel hybridization scheme based on both search space splitting and portfolio that does not require the use of load balancing mechanisms (such as dynamic work stealing).

Les deux principales approches utilisées dans la résolution parallèle du problème de satisfiabilité propositionnelle sont DPR (Diviser Pour Régner) et portfolio. Chacune d’elles comporte des forces et des faiblesses. La décomposition dans DPR permet d’améliorer le speedup sur les instancessatisfiables tandis que la compétition dans les portfolios accroit la robustesse. Plusieurs approches hybrides pour la résolution parallèle de SAT ont été présentées dans la littérature mais la plupart d’entre elles souffrent encore des problèmes dus aux mécanismes de rééquilibrage dynamique decharges qui sont à l’origine d’un surcoût non négligeable. Nous décrivons dans ce papier un nouveau schéma d’hybridation parallèle basé sur les deux approches DPR et portfolio ne nécessitant pas la mise en œuvre des mécanismes de rééquilibrage de charges (tels que le vol de tâche).
Compact connected components in relative character varieties of punctured spheres
Authors: Tholozan Nicolas , Toulisse Jérémy
Published: May 2021

We prove that some relative character varieties of the fundamental group of a punctured sphere into the Hermitian Lie groups $\mathrm{SU}(p,q)$ admit compact connected components. The representations in these components have several counter-intuitive properties. For instance, the image of any simple closed curve is an elliptic element. These results extend a recent work of Deroin and the first author, which treated the case of $\textrm{PU}(1,1) = \mathrm{PSL}(2,\mathbb{R})$. Our proof relies on the non-Abelian Hodge correspondance between relative character varieties and parabolic Higgs bundles. The examples we construct admit a rather explicit description as projective varieties obtained via Geometric Invariant Theory.
A note on Lang's conjecture for quotients of bounded domains
Authors: Boucksom Sébastien , Diverio Simone
Published: May 2021

It was conjectured by Lang that a complex projective manifold is Kobayashi hyperbolic if and only if it is of general type together with all of its subvarieties. We verify this conjecture for projective manifolds whose universal cover carries a bounded, strictly plurisubharmonic function. This includes in particular compact free quotients of bounded domains.

Comment: 10 pages, no figures, comments are welcome. v3: following suggestions made by the referee, the exposition has been improved all along the paper, we added a variant of Theorem A which includes manifolds whose universal cover admits a bounded psh function which is strictly psh just at one point, and we added a section of examples. Final version, to appear on \'Epijournal G\'eom. Alg\'ebrique
Complex reflection groups and K3 surfaces I
Authors: Bonnafé Cédric , Sarti Alessandra
Published: May 2021

We construct here many families of K3 surfaces that one can obtain as quotients of algebraic surfaces by some subgroups of the rank four complex reflection groups. We find in total 15 families with at worst $ADE$--singularities. In particular we classify all the K3 surfaces that can be obtained as quotients by the derived subgroup of the previous complex reflection groups. We prove our results by using the geometry of the weighted projective spaces where these surfaces are embedded and the theory of Springer and Lehrer-Springer on properties of complex reflection groups. This construction generalizes a previous construction by W. Barth and the second author.

Comment: 26 pages
Souvenirs d’enfance (Moscou, années 50)
Authors: Fluhr Vera
Published: May 2021

This story evokes great historic events of the USSR in the 1950s (the death of Stalin and the last respects for him, the detention and dislodgement of Beria) through the lens of various episodes of a little Muscovite’s life. Showing the everyday life of a family and its neighborhood seen by the child’s eyes, the story plunges us into the Soviet life under totalitarian regime and makes us feel the authentic atmosphere of the times.

ce récit évoque les événements historiques majeurs de l’URSS dans les années 1950 (décès et obsèques de Staline, dénonciation et arrestation deBéria) au travers d’épisodes de la vie d’une petite Moscovite. Il raconte le quotidien d’une famille et la vie d’un quartier vu par les yeux d’une enfant, ce qui rend l’atmosphère de l’époque beaucoup plus présente et nous plonge vraiment au coeur de la vie soviétique sous ce régime totalitaire.

Aтмосфера Советского Союза 50-х годов XX века глазами маленькой девочки. Смерть и похороны Сталина, первомайскиедемонстрации, арест и разоблачение Берии, «выборы» в условиях тоталитарного режима, поход в мавзолей Ленина-Сталина, выдворение инвалидов войны из Москвы, репрессии, пропаганда и страх – мозаика эпизодов из жизни московской семьи, двора и улицы, на фоне исторических событий в стране.
Le rôle des virtuoses dans la valorisation de la musique soviétique. Examen de la presse communiste française
Authors: Thisselin Thomas
Published: May 2021

La valorisation en France entre 1945 et 1956 de la musique soviétique s'opère à travers les événements ou les articles de presse consacrés aux virtuoses soviétiques. La musique est valorisée par des arts ou des pratiques connexes, néanmoins parties intégrantes de la musique : l'enseignement soviétique, la danse, le cinéma… La période stalinienne d'après-guerre élargie à l'immédiat après Staline représente l'acmé de la dictature stalinienne et reste encore aujourd'hui la plus mystérieuse de l'histoire soviétique. Cette période correspond par ailleurs, en URSS, à un moment d'exacerbation de la politique culturelle dite du « réalisme socialiste » dans le domaine des arts, et spécialement de la musique. Cela exigeait de l'artiste une représentation véridique, historiquement concrète de la réalité dans son développement révolutionnaire, son devoir étant de participer à la lutte idéologique et à l'éducation des masses dans l'esprit du socialisme. Limiter la question de la réception de la musique soviétique aux réactions et aux discussions que cette musique suscitait dans les revues savantes serait ne pas prendre en compte la manière dont elle a interrogé, en tant que modèle, la sphère de la consommation musicale française en général. Il s'agit ici de ne pas interpréter la réception de la musique soviétique en France à travers celle d'un compositeur ou d'une oeuvre. Les virtuoses sont ainsi valorisés comme des intermédiaires. La force d'un tel travail réside en la masse d'informations recueillies et organisées à partir de toutes les publications nationales assimilées communistes de l'époque, chambres d'écho de ce qui se passait alors en URSS et riches en informations sur les carrières et les représentations des virtuoses.
Les Joueurs de Nikolaï Gogol, vertige des masques
Authors: Royer Pierre-Etienne
Published: May 2021

Ixarev, un tricheur professionnel qui a fabriqué son propre jeu de cartes, rencontre un jour une bande organisée d'homologues qui lui offrent de collaborer avec eux, sous la direction de leur mentor, le Consolateur ; au moyen de la flatterie, ils obtiennent du tricheur l'abandon de toute méfiance, et en lui proposant de plumer une victime, ils l'entraînent en fait à participer à sa propre déconfiture. Voici en quelques mots le propos des Joueurs, pièce dont l'écriture commence entre 1832 et 1837, achevée en 1842, puis publiée la même année dans la première édition des oeuvres complètes de Nikolaï Gogol, préparée sous sa direction. Ce texte constitue un exemple remarquable d'imposture. Il mêle en effet d'une part le discours du mensonge, qui consiste à tromper autrui, et le discours de l'illusion, qui consiste à se tromper soi-même, et met en scène un jeu de masques vertigineux : le masque de sincérité arboré par le Consolateur, conjugué à l'aveuglement d'Ixarev, le passionné du jeu, parvient à se faire passer pour un visage, et la pièce nous amène au point d'indistinction entre ces deux phénomènes.
Numerical Calculation of the Diffusion Process in Multicomponent Hydrocarbon Gas Mixtures
Authors: Meruyert Beketayeva
Published: May 2021

Knowledge of the laws of diffusion is necessary in the description, design and calculation of the mass transfer process in the production, operation and transportation of gaseous fuels. In this article, the calculation of diffusion processes for five natural hydrocarbon gas mixtures into the air was carried out. The effective diffusion coefficients and matrix coefficients of multicomponent diffusion were determined. Also the advantages of using effective coefficients in the description of mass transfer were shown.
PKM PENYULUHAN INTERNET SEHAT DI SMK TELKOM PEKANBARU
Authors: Hakim Triono Dul , Amelia Vita , Monika Winda
Published: May 2021

Transformasi pembelajaran dimasa pandemic Covid19 merubah pelaksanaan pendidikan dari yang biasanya berlangsung secara tatap muka atau luring menjadi bergantung pada jaringan Internet yaitu daring. Pembelajaran daring menjadikan siswa leluasa mengakses Internet kapan pun dan di mana pun. Edukasi terkait literasi teknologi dalam hal ini penggunaan Internet sehat atau tepat guna sangat penting agar dampak negatif seperti kecanduan Internet, mengakses konten pornografi, dan lain sebagainya dapat dihindari. Permasalahan umum pihak mitra ialah mitra merupakan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) bidang telekomunikasi yang focus mempelajari penerapan teknologi informasi sehingga diluar masa pandemic pun tetap bergantung menggunakan Internet sebagai fasilitas penunjang pembelajaran. Selain itu, SMK mitra memiliki siswa kategori remaja dengan rentang usia 16-18 tahun yang secara psikologis cukup rentan terpengaruh hal-hal baru. Adapun metode pelaksanaan kegiatan ialah berupa penyuluhan kepada siswa terkait Internet sehat dan pengujian tingkat ketergantungan penggunaan Internet siswa. Hasil kegiatan menujukkan perubahan pemahaman yang cukup signitfikan dari cukup paham menjadi paham akan Internet sehat dan siswa semakin menyadari bahwa penggunaan Internet perlu dikontrol
WORKSHOP PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN DAN BAHASA INGGRIS BERBASIS TEKNOLOGI INFORMATIKA DI ERA PANDEMI BAGI GURU SDIT AL FALAAH SIMO
Authors: Cahyaningrum Ika Oktaria , Baraja Abdillah
Published: May 2021

Pandemi berdampak luas pada proses belajar mengajar di sekolah. Metode pembelajaran yang dituntut harus mengikuti perkembangan teknologi menjadikan permasalahan yang cukup rumit di kalangan pengajar utamnya guru. SDIT Al Falaah merupakan salah satu sekolah yang sudah menerapkan metode Blended Learning dalam proses belajar mengajar. Akan tetapi masih terkendalam dengan cara penyampaian dan metode pembelajaran yang masih dianggap kurang menarik bagi para siswa. Dalam mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggris, terdapat kesulitan yang ditemukan selama proses pembelajaran, oleh karena itu, diadakanlah workhop dalam rangka untuk membantu guru-guru dalam menyampaikan materi pembelajaran. Terdapat beberapa metode pembelajaran yang dianggap efektif dalam mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggris. Dengan mengkombinasi dengan teknologi, dihasilkanlah metode pembelajaran yang efektif sekaligus kreatif agar siswa merasa tidak bosan dan jenuh dalam proses belajar nanti
O cinema de guerra da Ceilândia
Authors: Schultz Mussel Felippe , Migliorin Cezar
Published: May 2021

O cinema de Adirley Queirós funciona a partir de uma lógica de confronto envolvendo duas cidades: Brasília, a capital brasileira erguida nos anos 1960; e Ceilândia, cidade-satélite do Distrito Federal para onde foram removidas milhares de famílias excluídas do projeto modernista de Brasília. Em suas tramas de insurreição da periferia contra a capital, os filmes de Adirley investem de forma recorrente na fricção entre os corpos dos personagens, as arquiteturas urbanas e diferentes tipos de máquinas. Atento a esses imbricamentos, o artigo recorre ao pensamento de Deleuze e Guattari para investigar como esse cinema de guerra forja seus ataques aquele projeto utópico de cidade.
De “Holocausto” (1978) a “Chernobyl” (2019)
Authors: Feldman Ilana
Published: May 2021

A partir da história cultural da repercussão da série de TV “Holocausto” (1978), que redefiniu políticas de governo e instaurou uma inédita centralidade do testemunho no campo da cultura, abalando o modo como o genocídio judeu era até então percebido, o artigo pretende discutir, em cotejo com a série “Chernobyl” (2019) e outras produções cinematográficas, o que pode o audiovisual face a distintas formas de violência de Estado, a um passado traumático e a um futuro ameaçado. Para tanto, por meio das contribuições da historiadora Annette Wieviorka e do filósofo e historiador das imagens Georges Didi-Huberman, bem como do pensador de origem indígena Ailton Krenak e da escritora Svetlana Aleksiévitch, entre outros, exploraremos as relações entre políticas da memória, pedagogia e imaginação, em um contexto de catástrofes ambientais e pandemias globais.
Desarrollo de la competencia mediática de los estudiantes en el contexto de la educación digital
Authors: Zheltukhina Marina R. , Kutepov Maxim M. , Kutepova Lyubov I. , Bulaeva Marina N. , Lapshova Anna V.
Published: May 2021

El presente artículo tuvo como objetivo el análisis de la experiencia de formación de la competencia mediática de los estudiantes en el contexto de la educación digital. La metodología involucró a estudiantes de educación superior buscando determinar la confiabilidad de los resultados de la dinámica de formación de la competencia mediática en los grupos de control y experimentales se llevó a cabo probando la hipótesis estadística de comparar la media mediante la prueba t de Student. Lo cual permite revelar las posibilidades de las tecnologías de la información en la preparación de los estudiantes modernos, para determinar el desarrollo de la competencia mediática en dinámica.
Oil Price Shocks During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence From United Kingdom Energy Stocks
Authors: Mugaloglu Erhan , Polat Ali Yavuz , Tekin Hasan , Dogan Abdullah
Published: May 2021

We investigate the dynamic relationship between global oil prices, the stock market, and oil and gas stock (FTSE-OG) returns in the UK through a structural vector autoregressive (VAR) framework during the COVID-19 pandemic. The structural VAR results suggest that the impact of structural shocks related to the global oil price on FTSE-OG index returns becomes less important and loses its explanatory power during the pandemic. However, stock market shocks increase their explanatory power in the variations of FTSE-OG index returns.