bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of an Interprofessional Mobility Program in a Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Broadway Katie , Nuila Cristina M.
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND: Emerging research suggests the need for implementation of mobility protocols and consistent evaluation of the impact on patient outcomes. Standardized mobility guidelines may be a solution for promoting nurse-driven mobility efforts and influencing a shift in the culture of mobility among nursing teams. In a 36-bed neurosurgical intensive care unit, 2 key areas of opportunity were identified related to patient mobility: strengthening of frontline nursing engagement in mobility and accuracy of documented early and safe mobilization. METHODS: Using a plan-do-study-act performance improvement framework, an interprofessional team developed a comprehensive early patient mobility program. Defined criteria and mobility rounds assisted in identifying the patient's functional ability and level of assistance. Nursing staff received education in case study format to enhance understanding and improve practical application of the phases of mobility. Chart reviews served as continuous assessment of documented mobilizations within the appropriate phases of mobility, and surveys evaluated staff perceptions of program success. RESULTS: On a rating scale of 1 to 5, clinicians reported a rating of 4.32 in overall observation that patients are safely mobilized earlier and more frequently and 4.48 on overall improvement in the neurosurgical intensive care unit culture of mobility. CONCLUSION: An interprofessional mobility program focusing on safe and early mobilization may improve overall culture, confidence, and empowerment of the frontline clinicians.
Preoperative carbohydrate antigen 19.9 level predicts lymph node metastasis in resectable adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas: a further plea for biological resectability criteria
Authors: Coppola Alessandro , La Vaccara Vincenzo , Farolfi Tommaso , Asbun Horacio J. , Boggi Ugo , Conlon Kevin , Edwin Bjørn , Ferrone Cristina , Jonas Eduard , Kokudo Norihiro , Perez Elena Martin , Satoi Sohei , Sparrelid Ernesto , Stauffer John , Zerbi Alessandro , Takemura Nobuyuki , Lai Quirino , Almerey Tariq , Bernon Marc , Cammarata Roberto , Djoumi Yasmine , Gallagher Tom , Ghorbani Poya , Ginesini Michael , Hashimoto Daisuke , Kauffmann Emanuele F , Kleive Dyre , Lluís Núria , González Rocio Maqueda , Napoli Niccolò , Nappo Gennaro , Nebbia Martina , Ricchitelli Simone , Sahakyan Mushegh A. , Yamamoto Tomohisa , Coppola Roberto , Caputo Damiano
Published: September 2023

Introduction:

Lymph-nodal involvement (N+) represents an adverse prognostic factor after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) for pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Preoperative diagnostic and staging modalities lack sensitivity for identifying N+. This study aimed to investigate preoperative carbohydrate antigen 19.9 (CA 19.9) in predicting the N+ stage in resectable-PDAC (R-PDAC).

Methods:

Patients included in a multi-institutional retrospective database of PDs performed for R-PDAC from January 2000 to June 2021 were analysed. A preoperative laboratory value of CA 19.9 greater than 37 U/l was used in univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine a possible association with N+. Additionally, different cut-offs of CA 19.9 related to the preoperative clinical T (cT) stage was assessed to evaluate the risk of N+.

Results:

A total of 2034 PDs from thirteen centres were included in the study. CA 19.9 greater than 37 U/l was significantly associated with higher N+ at univariate and multivariate analysis (P<0.001). CA 19.9 levels greater than 37 U/l were associated with N+ in 75.9%, 81.3%, and 85.7% of patients, respectively, in cT1, cT2, and cT3 tumours and with higher cut-off values for all cT stages.

Conclusion:

Lymph-nodal involvement is strongly related to preoperative CA 19.9 levels. Specially in patients staged as cT3 the CA 19.9 could represent a valid and easy tool to suspect nodal involvement. Due to these findings, R-PDAC patients with elevated CA 19.9 values should be considered in a more biologically advanced stage.
Extracorporeal Life Support for Patients With Newly Diagnosed HIV and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Analysis of Individual Patient Data
Authors: Rajsic Sasa , Breitkopf Robert , Kojic Dejan , Bukumiric Zoran , Treml Benedikt
Published: September 2023

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may improve survival in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, presence of immunosuppression is a relative contraindication for ECMO, which is withheld in HIV patients. We performed a systematic review to investigate the outcome of newly diagnosed HIV patients with ARDS receiving ECMO support. Our search yielded 288 publications, with 22 studies finally included. Initial presentation included fever, respiratory distress, and cough. Severe immunodeficiency was confirmed in most patients. Deceased patients had a higher viral load, a lower Horovitz index, and antiretroviral therapy utilized before ECMO. Moreover, ECMO duration was longer (p = 0.0134), and all deceased suffered from sepsis (p = 0.0191). Finally, despite the development of therapeutic options for HIV patients, ECMO remains a relative contraindication. We found that ECMO may successfully bridge the time for pulmonary recovery in 93% of patients, with a very good outcome. Using ECMO, the time for antimicrobial therapy, lung-protective ventilation, and immune system restitution may be gained. Further studies clarifying the role of ECMO in HIV are crucial and until these data are available, ECMO might be appropriate in immunocompromised patients. This holds especially true in newly diagnosed HIV patients, who are usually young, without comorbidities, with a good rehabilitation potential.
Pediatric Balance Scale: Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation Into Greek
Authors: Bania Theofani A. , Gkoutsidou Paraskevi , Billis Evdokia , Lampropoulou Sofia
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

Cross-cultural adaptation of the Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) into Greek.

Methods:

The PBS was forward-back translated and evaluated for content equivalence. The Greek PBS (PBSGR) was administered to children with movement impairments by 2 pediatric physical therapists. The scale was readministered to the same children after 3 weeks (test-retest reliability) and to children with typical development for discriminant validity. The 1-minute walk test was administered to test the scale's concurrent validity.

Results:

Psychometric testing was completed on 26 children with movement impairments. The scale had excellent interrater and test-retest reliability and internal consistency. Moderate correlation was observed between PBSGR and 1-minute walk. Children with movement impairment had significantly lower PBSGR scores than children with typical development.

Conclusions:

Acceptable reliability, concurrent validity, and discriminant validity were observed for the PBSGR.
Fidelity of Delivery in a Multisite Randomized Clinical Trial of Intervention Efficacy for Infants With Unilateral Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Scott Kimberley , Sakzewski Leanne , Ziviani Jenny , Heathcock Jill C. , Boyd Roslyn N.
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

To investigate the reliability of a measure of fidelity of therapist delivery, quantify fidelity of delivery, and determine factors impacting fidelity in the Rehabilitation EArly for Congenital Hemiplegia (REACH) clinical trial.

Methods:

Ninety-five infants (aged 3-9 months) with unilateral cerebral palsy participated in the REACH clinical trial. The Therapist Fidelity Checklist (TFC) evaluated key intervention components. Video-recorded intervention sessions were scored using the TFC.

Results:

Inter- and intrarater reliability was percentage agreement 77% to 100%. Fidelity of delivery was high for 88.9% of sessions and moderate for 11.1% of sessions. Sessions with moderate scores included infants receiving infant-friendly bimanual therapy and occurred at the intervention midpoint or later. No significant relationships were found for TFC scores and infant age, manual ability, or parent engagement.

Conclusions:

Fidelity of delivery was high for the REACH trial in most intervention sessions. Standardized therapist training with intervention manuals and monthly peer-to-peer support likely contributed to these results.
Daily Quantity and Kinematic Characteristics of Leg Movement in a Child With SMA (2 Copies SMN2)
Authors: McIntyre Melissa , Dunn Lauren , David Jed , Devine Ceri , Smith Beth A.
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

This case report describes daily leg movement quantity and kinematic characteristics of a child with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) with 2 copies of SMN2, who was symptomatic at the time of treatment with disease-modifying therapies.

Key Points:

Compared with infants with typical development, this child had differing values for leg movement quantity, duration, average acceleration, and peak acceleration measured across full days in the natural environment by wearable sensors. In addition, movement quantity and clinician-rated outcomes increased with age.

Conclusions:

Wearable sensors recorded movement quantity and kinematic characteristics in a treated infant with SMA (2 copies SMN2). These movement parameters were consistently different compared anecdotally with published data from infants with typical development, demonstrating their potential to add unique and complementary information to the assessment of motor function in SMA.

Recommendations:

Larger longitudinal studies are needed to determine the utility of wearable sensors as an assessment tool and an early predictor of motor outcomes in children with SMA.
Additive Orthodiagonal Rhytidoplasty of the Ergotrid: A Novel Treatment Technique for Severe Dynamic Lip Lines
Authors: Soares Danny J. , Bowhay Alexis
Published: September 2023

Dynamic lip lines pose a challenge in perioral rejuvenation despite the availability of numerous hyaluronic acid dermal filler products and techniques. In this article, the authors introduce additive orthodiagonal rhytidoplasty of the ergotrid, or ADORE, a novel technique for the treatment of severe dynamic lip lines. Based on an objective analysis of treatment outcomes, the authors’ technique demonstrates the ability to confer substantial improvement in dynamic lip line severity, with a median reduction in lip line intensity of 79% (average, 70%; SD, 19%) at 1 month and 72% (average, 61%; SD, 21%) at 6 months, and a high degree of patient satisfaction.
Chemical Burn Injury on the Cornea Following Skin Preparation With Chlorhexidine in Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy
Authors: Oh Eun Jung , Kim Jung Soo , Heo Sung Jae
Published: September 2023

This article report discusses a pediatric patient who suffered a corneal chemical burn injury after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy surgery due to skin preparation with chlorhexidine. In this case, inadequate sealing of the eye shield during skin preparation allowed the chlorhexidine–alcohol solution to accumulate at its edge and gradually penetrate, resulting in the corneal injury. Prompt ophthalmological intervention and appropriate eye care treatment led to a gradual improvement in the patient’s symptoms. The authors aim to present the case, share the revisions made to our skin preparation policy, and emphasize the importance of cautious antiseptic use to minimize the risk of adverse events. Adverse effects of chlorhexidine, such as hypersensitivity reactions and burns, including corneal damage, are highlighted. Health care providers should exercise caution when selecting and applying antiseptics, considering patient-specific factors, and comprehensive training should be provided to promote adherence to safe antiseptic practices during surgical procedures.
Bilateral Nostril Abrasion in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery with Micodebrider
Authors: Oh Eun Jung , Kim Jung Soo , Heo Sung Jae
Published: September 2023

The emergence of microdebrider technology has revolutionized endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Although widely used, it has been associated with complications such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage, ocular and brain injuries, and synechia formation. However, reports on cases of skin abrasion associated with the use of microdebriders in ESS are scarce. We herein present a unique observation of bilateral nostril abrasion after ESS using the microdebrider in a 53-year-old man. The patient underwent ESS and septoplasty for nasal obstruction and polyps. Bilateral nostril erythema and skin abrasion were observed after surgery, which resolved without scarring. Nostril abrasion is attributed to the lever-like use of the microdebrider against the medial aspect of the nostril during the procedure, particularly among inexperienced surgeons. This prompts the need for a cautious approach when using microdebriders in ESS to minimize complications. Increased awareness and precautionary measures can enhance the safety of microdebriders in ESS.
Oryzibacter oryziterrae gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from rice paddy soil
Authors: Lee Hyo-Jin , Whang Kyung-Sook
Published: September 2023

A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile and pleomorphic rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated COJ-58T, was isolated from rice paddy soil. Strain COJ-58T grew optimally at 20–30 °C, at pH 5.0–8.0 and with 0–1.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain COJ-58T forms a distinct lineage within the family

Pleomorphomonadaceae

, with highest similarity to

Pleomorphomonas carboxyditropha

SVCO-16T (95.9 %),

Pleomorphomonas koreensis

Y9T (95.8 %),

Pleomorphomonas oryza

e F-7T (95.7 %) and

Pleomorphomonas diazotrophica

R5-392T (95.6 %), respectively. The average nucleotide identity, digital DNA–DNA hybridization, average amino acid identity and percentage of conserved proteins values between the genomes of strain COJ-58T and its closely related taxa are ≤77.2 %, ≤21.6 %, ≤68.3 % and ≤61.3 %, respectively. The genome size of strain COJ-58T is 4.9 Mb and the genomic DNA G + C content is 63.7 mol%. The major fatty acids are C18 : 1
 ω7c, C16 : 0 and summed feature 2 (C14 : 0 3-OH and/or iso-C16 : 1 I). The differential phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of strain COJ-58T indicate that it represents a novel genus and species, for which the name Oryzibacter oryziterrae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed, with strain COJ-58T (=KACC 22108T=JCM 34744T) as the type strain.
High standing diversity masks extreme genetic erosion in a declining snake
Authors: Pozzi Andrea Vittorio , Owens John Benjamin , Üveges Bálint , Major Tom , Morris Ellie , Graham Stuart , Togridou Anatoli , Papadopulos Alexander S.T. , Wüster Wolfgang , Barlow Axel
Published: September 2023

Average heterozygosity is frequently used as a proxy for genetic health, and to compare genetic diversity between species and populations. However, this measurement could be misleading if the distribution of heterozygosity across the genome is highly skewed. We investigated this pitfall in methodology using whole-genome sequencing of the adder (Vipera berus), a species experiencing dramatic declines in the UK. We find that mean heterozygosity in adders is notably high, exceeding that of other vertebrates typically regarded as genetically diverse. Their genome-wide distribution of heterozygosity, however, approximates a negative exponential distribution, with most genome regions showing extremely low heterozygosity. Modelling approaches show that this pattern is likely to have resulted from a recent, severe bottleneck and fragmentation most likely caused by anthropogenic activity in a previously large, interconnected adder population. Our results highlight that high standing diversity may mask severe genetic erosion when declines are recent and rapid. In such situations, whole-genome sequencing may provide the best option for genetic risk assessment and targeted conservation actions.
Capture of circulating metastatic cancer cell clusters from a lung cancer patient can reveal a unique genomic profile and potential anti-metastatic molecular targets: A proof of concept study
Authors: Kouhmareh Kourosh , Martin Erika , Finlay Darren , Bhadada Anukriti , Hernandez-Vargas Hector , Downey Francisco , Allen Jeffrey K. , Teriete Peter
Published: September 2023

Metastasis remains the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and lung cancer, known for its highly metastatic progression, remains among the most lethal of malignancies. The heterogeneous genomic profile of lung cancer metastases is often unknown. Since different metastatic events can selectively spread to multiple organs, strongly suggests more studies are needed to understand and target these different pathways. Unfortunately, access to the primary driver of metastases, the metastatic cancer cell clusters (MCCCs), remains difficult and limited. These metastatic clusters have been shown to be 100-fold more tumorigenic than individual cancer cells. Capturing and characterizing MCCCs is a key limiting factor in efforts to help treat and ultimately prevent cancer metastasis. Elucidating differentially regulated biological pathways in MCCCs will help uncover new therapeutic drug targets to help combat cancer metastases. We demonstrate a novel, proof of principle technology, to capture MCCCs directly from patients’ whole blood. Our platform can be readily tuned for different solid tumor types by combining a biomimicry-based margination effect coupled with immunoaffinity to isolate MCCCs. Adopting a selective capture approach based on overexpressed CD44 in MCCCs provides a methodology that preferentially isolates them from whole blood. Furthermore, we demonstrate a high capture efficiency of more than 90% when spiking MCCC-like model cell clusters into whole blood. Characterization of the captured MCCCs from lung cancer patients by immunofluorescence staining and genomic analyses, suggests highly differential morphologies and genomic profiles., This study lays the foundation to identify potential drug targets thus unlocking a new area of anti-metastatic therapeutics.
Voxelated bioprinting of modular double-network bio-ink droplets
Authors: Zhu Jinchang , He Yi , Wang Yong , Cai Li-Heng
Published: September 2023

Analogous of pixels to two-dimensional pictures, voxels –– in the form of either small cubes or spheres –– are the basic building blocks of three-dimensional (3D) objects. However, precise manipulation of viscoelastic bio-ink voxels in 3D space represents a grand challenge in both soft matter science and biomanufacturing. Here, we present a voxelated bioprinting technology that enables the digital assembly of interpenetrating alginate and polyacrylamide (PAM) double-network (DN) hydrogel droplets. The hydrogel is crosslinked via additive-free bioorthogonal chemistry involving a pair of stoichiometrically matched polymers. We develop theoretical frameworks to describe the crosslinking kinetics and stiffness of the hydrogels, and construct a diagram-of-state to delineate their mechanical properties. Multi-channel print nozzles are developed to allow on-demand mixing of highly viscoelastic bio-inks without significantly impairing cell viability. Further, we showcase the distinctive capability of voxelated bioprinting by creating highly complex 3D structures such as a hollow sphere composed of interconnected yet distinguishable hydrogel particles. Finally, we validate the cytocompatibility andin vivostability of the printed DN scaffolds through cell encapsulation and animal transplantation.
AgRP neuron activity promotes associations between sensory and nutritive signals to guide flavor preference
Authors: Nyema Nathaniel T. , McKnight Aaron D. , Vargas-Elvira Alexandra G. , Schneps Heather M. , Gold Elizabeth G. , Myers Kevin P. , Alhadeff Amber L.
Published: September 2023

Objective

The learned associations between sensory cues (e.g., taste, smell) and nutritive value (e.g., calories, post-ingestive signaling) of foods powerfully influences our eating behavior [1], but the neural circuits that mediate these associations are not well understood. Here, we examined the role of agouti-related protein (AgRP)-expressing neurons – neurons which are critical drivers of feeding behavior [2; 3] – in mediating flavor-nutrient learning (FNL).

Methods

Because mice prefer flavors associated with AgRP neuron activity suppression [4], we examined how optogenetic stimulation of AgRP neurons during intake influences FNL, and used fiber photometry to determine how endogenous AgRP neuron activity tracks associations between flavors and nutrients.

Results

We unexpectedly found that tonic activity in AgRP neurons during FNL potentiated, rather than prevented, the development of flavor preferences. There were notable sex differences in the mechanisms for this potentiation. Specifically, in male mice, AgRP neuron activity increased flavor consumption during FNL training, thereby strengthening the association between flavors and nutrients. In female mice, AgRP neuron activity enhanced flavor-nutrient preferences independently of consumption during training, suggesting that AgRP neuron activity enhances the reward value of the nutrient-paired flavor. Finally,in vivoneural activity analyses demonstrated that acute AgRP neuron dynamics track the association between flavors and nutrients in both sexes.

Conclusions

Overall, these data (1) demonstrate that AgRP neuron activity enhances associations between flavors and nutrients in a sex-dependent manner and (2) reveal that AgRP neurons track and update these associations on fast timescales. Taken together, our findings provide new insight into the role of AgRP neurons in assimilating sensory and nutritive signals for food reinforcement.
Predicting self-harm at one year in female prisoners: a retrospective cohort study using machine learning
Authors: Tiffin Paul A , Leelamanthep Sant , Paton Lewis W , Perry Amanda E.
Published: September 2023

Background

Self-harm and suicide are relatively overrepresented in incarcerated populations, especially in female prisons. Identifying those most at risk of significant self-harm could provide opportunities for effective, targeted interventions.

Aims

To develop and validate a machine learning-based algorithm capable of achieving a clinically useful level of accuracy when predicting the risk of self-harm in female prisoners.

Method

Data were available on 31 variables for 286 female prisoners from a single UK-based prison. This included sociodemographic factors, nature of the index offence, and responses to several psychometric assessment tools used at baseline. At 12-month follow-up any self-harm incidents were reported. A machine learning algorithm (CatBoost) to predict self-harm at one-year was developed and tested. To quantify uncertainty about the accuracy of the algorithm, the model building and evaluation process was repeated 2000 times and the distribution of results summarised.

Results

The mean Area Under the Curve (AUC) for the model on unseen (validation) data was 0.92 (SD 0.04). Sensitivity was 0.83 (SD 0.07), specificity 0.94 (SD 0.03), positive predictive value 0.78 (SD 0.08) and the negative predictive value 0.95 (0.02). If the algorithm was used in this population, for every 100 women screened, this would equate to approximately 17 ‘true positives’ and five ‘false positives’.

Conclusions

The accuracy of the algorithm was superior to those previously reported for predicting future self-harm in general and prison populations and likely to provide clinically useful levels of prediction. Research is needed to evaluate the feasibility of implementing this approach in a prison setting.
Exploring consumer preferences for cannabis edible products to support public health policy: A discrete choice experiment
Authors: Donnan Jennifer R. , Johnston Karissa , Coombs Michael , Najafizada Maisam , Bishop Lisa D.
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background

In October 2019, cannabis edibles were legalized for sale in Canada. This move was intended to improve public safety by regulating contents (including a maximum 10 mg tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) per package) and packaging to prevent accidental ingestion or over consumption. This study aimed to explore consumer preferences for cannabis edibles to inform cannabis policy.

Methods

We explored the relative importance and trade-offs consumers make for attributes of cannabis edibles using a discrete choice experiment. Attributes included type of edible, price, THC content, cannabis taste, package information, product consistency, product recommendations, and Health Canada regulation. Participants lived in Canada, were 19 years of age or older, and purchased a cannabis edible in the last 12 months. A multinomial logit (MNL) model was used for the base model, and latent class analysis to assess preference sub-groups.

Results

Among 684 participants, the MNL model showed that potency was the most relevant followed by edible type. A two-group latent class model revealed two very distinct preference patterns. Preferences for group 1 (∼65% of sample) were driven primarily by edible type, while for group 2 (∼35% of sample) were driven almost entirely by THC potency.

Conclusion

This study found that consumer preferences for ∼65% of consumers of cannabis edibles are being met through regulated channels. The remaining ∼35% are driven by THC potency at levels that are not currently available on the licensed market. Attracting this market segment will require reviewing the risks and benefits of restricting THC package content.
Endogenous glucagon-like peptide 1 diminishes prandial glucose counterregulatory response to hypoglycemia after gastric bypass surgery
Authors: Honka Henri , Gastaldelli Amalia , Pezzica Samantha , Peterson Richard , DeFronzo Ralph , Salehi Marzieh
Published: September 2023

We have previously shown that prandial endogenous glucose production (EGP) during insulin-induced hypoglycemia is smaller in non-diabetic subjects with gastric bypass (GB), where prandial glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) concentrations are 5-10 times higher than those in non-operated controls. Here, we sought to determine the effect ofendogenousGLP-1 on prandial counterregulatory response to hypoglycemia after GB. Glucose fluxes, and islet-cell and gut hormone responses before and after mixed-meal ingestion were compared during a hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic (∽3.2 mmol/l) clamp with and without a GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) antagonist exendin-(9-39) (Ex-9) in non-diabetic subjects with prior GB compared to matched subjects with SG and non-surgical controls. In this setting, GLP-1R blockade had no effect on insulin secretion or insulin action, whereas prandial glucagon was enhanced in all 3 groups. Ex-9 infusion raised prandialEGPresponse to hypoglycemia in every GB subject but had no consistent effects on EGP among subjects with SG or non-operated controls (P< 0.05 for interaction). These results indicate that impaired post-meal glucose counterregulatory response to hypoglycemia after GB is partly mediated by endogenous GLP-1, highlighting a novel mechanism of action of GLP-1R antagonists for the treatment of prandial hypoglycemia in this population.
Corpus callosum abnormalities at term-equivalent age are associated with language development at two years corrected age in infants born very preterm
Authors: Kojima Katsuaki , Kline Julia E , Altaye Mekibib , Kline-Fath Beth M , Parikh Nehal A ,   the Cincinnati Infant Neurodevelopment Early Prediction Study (CINEPS) Investigators
Published: September 2023

We studied the impact of microstructural abnormalities in the corpus callosum on language development in 348 infants born very prematurely. We discovered that the fractional anisotropy of the corpus callosum anterior midbody was a significant predictor of standardized language scores at two years, independent of clinical and social risk factors.
Enhancing social inclusion through the implementation of evidence-based digital health interventions for mental health and alcohol/other drug use problems in the wake of COVID-19
Authors: Kay-Lambkin Frances , Rich Jane , Sampson Dara , Thornton Louise , Heinsch Milena , Filia Kate , Kelly Brian , Weiss Alan , Wright Murray , Simmonette Danielle , Teesson Maree
Published: September 2023

At any one time, over 900 million people globally experience a mental disorder (including alcohol/other drug use disorders, Whiteford et al., 2013), and this is increasing by about 3% each year (ABS, 2018). Adding to these challenges, the COVID-19 pandemic presents clear risks for a substantial decline in global mental health. Preliminary evidence points towards an overall rise in symptoms of anxiety and coping responses to stress (Holmes et al., 2020), including increased drug and alcohol use amongst the general population. The greatest mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic will be felt, however, by those who are already most marginalised and people with pre-existing mental health and substance use disorders, who have a higher susceptibility to stress than the general population (Yao et al., 2020). eCliPSE is an online clinical portal developed by CI Professor Frances Kay-Lambkin in partnership with the research team and the NSW Ministry of Health to facilitate access to evidence-based ehealth treatments for mental health and alcohol/other drug [AOD] use problems. However, since the testing of eCliPSE in 2017, uptake of this tool via clinician referral has been low, and no clear models existed for digital treatment integration into health services (Batterham et al., 2015). There are very few examples in the available literature of successful implementation of digital interventions in clinical services, and many failures (Mohr et al., 2017). In response to this, our team has developed an evidence-informed Integrated Translation and Engagement Model (ITEM) to drive the uptake of digital therapeutics into mental health and alcohol/other drug services across NSW. Based on the latest evidence for effective implementation, a consideration of individual, social, environmental, and structural factors, the ITEM synthesises diverse theoretical approaches into a coherent, integrated model. The pandemic has highlighted (and exacerbated) social inequities in relation to the prevalence of mental illness, as well as treatment options. Technology has the potential to respond to this challenge, but Australia lags behind the rest of the world in implementing sustainable, effective digital tools into health service delivery. Additionally, no tool currently exists for the evaluation of dual diagnosis capability of digital programs.
Self-assembling viral histones unravel early nucleosome evolution
Authors: Irwin Nicholas A. T. , Richards Thomas A.
Published: September 2023

Nucleosomes are a core-component of eukaryotic nuclei, forming the structural basis of chromatin and co-ordinating processes from gene expression to chromosome segregation. Composed of a DNA-protein complex consisting of the four individual histones, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4, the nucleosome and its associated functions were key innovations during eukaryotic evolution1,2. However, functional constraints and the extinction of stem-eukaryotes have concealed how these dynamic systems evolved from simpler histone homologues in Archaea3–5. Viral histones have also previously been identified and are thought to reflect an ancestral state as they often comprise multiple histone paralogues arranged within a single protein, termed histone repeats6–11. Here, using viruses as an alternative source of variation, we expand the known diversity of histones and develop an empirical hypothesis for the origin of the nucleosome. Our analysis identified hundreds of histones with variable domain repeat configurations including histone singlets, doublets, triplets, and quadruplets, the latter comprising the four core histones arranged in series. Viral histone repeats consistently branch between Archaea and eukaryotes in phylogenetic trees and display intermediate functions, self-assembling into eukaryotic-like nucleosomes that stack into archaeal-like oligomers capable of impacting genomic activity and condensing DNA. The linkers conjoining the histone repeats also facilitate nucleosome formation and can promote the assembly of eukaryotic nucleosomes in the bacterium,Escherichia coli. Combining these data, we hypothesize that viral histone repeats represent molecular relics acquired by viruses from stem-eukaryotes during eukaryogenesis and suggest that nucleosome evolution may have proceeded through histone repeat intermediates.
Occupational Health Management in New Work – a Protocol for a Mixed-Method Study: Project BGM4NewWork
Authors: Rinne Carla , Niebuhr Fiona , Wawera Anna-Sophia , Voelter-Mahlknecht Susanne
Published: September 2023

Background

The world of work is undergoing profound changes towards agile, flexible, democratic, and digital forms of work, so calledNew Work(NW). The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated these changes and confronted the working world with new challenges. Effects on employee health are ambivalent and remain unclear. Moreover, there is a lack of evidence as to whether existing occupational health management (OHM) measures meet the needs of employees working in new forms of work.

Methods/Design

This prospective mixed-method project will include four substudies to identify different NW forms, resulting health risk, benefits and protective factors in subgroups, and derive target group-specific OHM services. In the four substudies, the following methods will be used: (1) a scoping review, semi-standardized interviews, and an online survey, (2) a systematic review, an online survey, an expert workshop and qualitative interviews, (3) workplace observations, and (4) expert workshops. Recommendations for action will be derived from the findings of all substudies and summarized in a checklist for OHM in NW settings.

Conclusion

Findings will expand the state of knowledge about NW settings and associated health effects. The development of an evidence-based checklist for target group-specific identification of NW settings and associated health risks, benefits and protective factors can be used as a basis for action regarding OHM in companies. The findings can provide guidance on how future OHM services should be designed to meet the needs of employees.
PCID2 dysregulates transcription and viral RNA processing to promote HIV-1 latency
Authors: Crespo Raquel , Ne Enrico , Reinders Julian , Meier Jenny I. J. , Li Chengcheng , Jansen Sanne , Górska Alicja , Koçer Selin , Kan Tsung Wai , Doff Wouter , Dekkers Dick , Demmers Jeroen , Palstra Robert-Jan , Rao Shringar , Mahmoudi Tokameh
Published: September 2023

HIV-1 latency results from tightly regulated molecular processes that act at distinct steps of HIV-1 gene expression. To elucidate the molecular players that govern latency, we previously performed a dCas9-chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry (Catchet-MS) and identified the interactome of the latent HIV-1 LTR. Here we characterize the Catchet-MS-identified PCI domain-containing 2 (PCID2) protein, a component of the TREX2 complex, to play a dual role in promoting HIV-1 latency by enforcing both transcriptional repression and post-transcriptional blocks to HIV-1 gene expression. PCID2 bound the latent HIV-1 LTR and repressed transcription initiation during latency. Depletion of PCID2 remodelled the chromatin landscape at the HIV-1 promoter and resulted in transcriptional activation and reversal of latency. Immunoprecipitation coupled to Mass Spectrometry identified PCID2-interacting proteins to include members of the spliceosome, including negative viral RNA (vRNA) alternative splicing regulators, and PCID2 depletion resulted in over-splicing of intron-containing vRNA and misregulated expression of vRNA splice variants. We demonstrate that MCM3AP and DSS1, two other RNA-binding TREX2 complex subunits that comprise the dock of the complex also inhibit transcription initiation and viral RNA alternative splicing during latency and similarly to PCID2 function as prominent latency associated repressors of HIV-1 gene expression. Thus, PCID2 is a novel HIV-1 latency-promoting factor, which in context of the TREX2 sub-complex PCID2-DSS1-MCM3AP blocks transcription and dysregulates vRNA processing.
Protein G-quadruplex interactions and their effects on phase transitions and protein aggregation
Authors: Sahoo Bikash R. , Kocman Vojč , Clark Nathan , Myers Nikhil , Deng Xiexiong , Wong Ee L. , Yang Harry J. , Kotar Anita , Guzman Bryan B. , Dominguez Daniel , Plavec Janez , Bardwell James C.A.
Published: September 2023

The SERF family of proteins were originally discovered for their ability to accelerate amyloid formation. Znf706 is an uncharacterized protein whose N-terminus is homologous to SERF proteins. We show here that human Znf706 can promote protein aggregation and amyloid formation. Unexpectedly, Znf706 specifically interacts with stable, non-canonical nucleic acid structures known as G-quadruplexes. G-quadruplexes can affect gene regulation and suppress protein aggregation; however, it is unknown if and how these two activities are linked. We find Znf706 binds preferentially to parallel G-quadruplexes with low micromolar affinity, primarily using its N-terminus, and upon interaction, its dynamics are constrained. G-quadruplex binding suppresses Znf706’s ability to promote protein aggregation. Znf706 in conjunction with G-quadruplexes therefore may play a role in regulating protein folding. RNAseq analysis shows that Znf706 depletion specifically impacts the mRNA abundance of genes that are predicted to contain high G-quadruplex density. Our studies give insight into how proteins and G-quadruplexes interact, and how these interactions affect both partners and lead to the modulation of protein aggregation and cellular mRNA levels. These observations suggest that the SERF family of proteins, in conjunction with G-quadruplexes, may have a broader role in regulating protein folding and gene expression than previously appreciated.
Laboratory-based X-ray spectrometer for actinide science
Authors: Novichkov Daniil , Trigub Alexander , Gerber Evgeny , Nevolin Iurii , Romanchuk Anna , Matveev Petr , Kalmykov Stepan
Published: September 2023

X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopies nowadays are advanced characterization methods for fundamental and applied actinide research. One of the advantages of these methods is to reveal slight changes in the structural and electronic properties of radionuclides. The experiments are generally carried out at synchrotrons. However, considerable progress has been made to construct laboratory-based X-ray spectrometers for X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopies. Laboratory spectrometers are reliable, effective and accessible alternatives to synchrotrons, especially for actinide research, which allow dispensing with high costs of the radioactive sample transport and synchrotron time. Moreover, data from laboratory spectrometers, obtained within a reasonable time, are comparable with synchrotron results. Thereby, laboratory spectrometers can complement synchrotrons or can be used for preliminary experiments to find perspective samples for synchrotron experiments with better resolution. Here, the construction and implementation of an X-ray spectrometer (LomonosovXAS) in Johann-geometry at a radiochemistry laboratory is reported. Examples are given of the application of LomonosovXAS to actinide systems relevant to the chemistry of f-elements, the physical chemistry of nuclear power engineering and the long-term disposal of spent nuclear fuel.
Research on the impact of the application of artificial intelligence technology on the sustainable development of mobile e-commerce
Authors: Deng Zhihang , Guo Meiwen
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This article aims to reveal the factors influencing the sustainable development of mobile e-commerce from both user and operational perspectives. It fills the gap in qualitative research on the sustainable development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in mobile e-commerce based on the grounded theory. This study provides valuable insights and inspiration for sustainable development in this field and lays the theoretical foundation and research reference for future studies.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the grounded theory (GT), interview method was used to conduct the study.

Findings

The impact of AI applications on mobile e-commerce is mainly reflected in three stages of the customer shopping process. They are pre-shopping, mid-shopping and after-shopping AI services and each of the three stages has its own separate dimensions that need attention. The study and its persistence aspects are discussed.

Practical implications

The results of this study can provide forward-looking suggestions and paths for the construction and optimization of future e-commerce platforms, contribute to the sustainable development of e-commerce and contribute to the sustainable and healthy growth of the social economy.

Originality/value

This study proposes sustainable development measures for the application of AI in mobile e-commerce, from operation to supervision, which is an important reference for promoting coordinated and rapid socio-economic development.
Significance of quality higher education in the advancement of gender equality: the case of Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Md Jahangir , Ogawa Keiichi , Basharat Lubaba , Ahsan Abu Hossain Muhammad
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This research has been conducted to determine the core reasons for gender inequality and to evaluate the effectiveness of higher education as a sole solution to ensure gender equality.

Design/methodology/approach

This qualitative case study research explores the causes behind gender inequality, and interviews were conducted with 20 male and female graduates and five stakeholders. Liberal feminism theory has been employed to understand the phenomena.

Findings

The findings show that receiving a university degree cannot ensure gender equality and empowerment of women in Bangladesh. The key factors contributing to gender disparity are societal and a general deficiency of technical knowledge.

Practical implications

More policies should support women in every aspect of life, and the existing policies should be carefully followed. The government must ensure high-quality education, and people must show more significant concern by acquiring knowledge from quality education seeking gender equality.

Originality/value

This research fills the gap in the current literature by providing knowledge about the practical effectiveness of quality higher education in solving the problem of gender inequality, its core reasons and possible solutions in Bangladesh's context.
Investigating the role of internal security resources in post-adoption satisfaction with the Security-as-a-Service model: an organizational mindfulness perspective
Authors: Vedadi Ali , Brooks Nita , Greer Tim
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Many organizations struggle to utilize security-as-a-service (SecaaS) advantages effectively, thus challenging the assumption that adopting the SecaaS model will necessarily lead to post-adoption satisfaction. This research paper draws on the organizational mindfulness theory and investigates the factors that lead to satisfaction with SecaaS.

Design/methodology/approach

The key informant-based survey approach was employed to collect data from 215 organizations that were using the SecaaS model. PLS was used for data analysis.

Findings

Organizations with greater extents of internal security resources report higher satisfaction levels with SecaaS, thanks to the mediating effect of organizational mindfulness, and that organizations with extensive and mature security auditing were especially well-positioned to experience satisfaction with SecaaS.

Originality/value

This research provides new theoretical insights into the conditions under which organizations' post-adoption satisfaction with the SecaaS model is shaped by investigating the role of internal security resources and organizational mindfulness.
All things must pass? Introduction to the special issue on post-Covid place marketing
Authors: Warnaby Gary , Medway Dominic , Byrom John
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this introductory paper is to outline the theme of – and introduces the papers comprising – this special issue on post-Covid place marketing.

Design/methodology/approach

A brief literature review outlines some of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on places and also for place-bound and spatially oriented industry sectors (particularly retailing and tourism and hospitality, which are often the focus of place marketing initiatives) before describing the papers constituting the special issue.

Findings

The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on places are identified, relating to both economic and more phenomenologically oriented impacts, and the implications for place resilience are considered. The papers comprising the special issue are grouped into two main themes relating to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on retailing and the impact of the pandemic on place marketing processes.

Originality/value

Notwithstanding the burgeoning literature on the COVID-19 pandemic and its impacts, the papers comprising this special issue focus on specific place-oriented marketing (and retailing) implications, providing potential avenues for future research.
Employee goal orientation and knowledge sharing: the moderating effect of leader boundary spanning behavior
Authors: Kim Myungsun , Kim Seckyoung Loretta
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The research aims to examine the impacts of two different types of goal orientation, i.e. leaning goal orientation (LGO) and performance-prove goal orientation (PPGO), on employee knowledge sharing, and whether these relationships are altered by leaders' boundary spanning behavior (BSB).

Design/methodology/approach

A sample of 170 employees and 93 leaders were collected from South Korean organizations. Data were analyzed using path analysis.

Findings

The results demonstrated that employees with a high LGO are more likely to engage in knowledge sharing, while employees with a high PPGO are less likely to show knowledge sharing. Moreover, the findings showed that highly learning oriented employees tend to engage in knowledge sharing when they are under leaders who show active BSB.

Practical implications

To encourage knowledge sharing between employees, organizations need to promote a mastery-structured work environment to help employees develop a stronger LGO. Also, organizations could benefit from implementing training programs for leaders that promote their BSB.

Originality/value

The research aims to provide a more articulate account for how LGO and PPGO affect employee knowledge sharing in opposite ways. More importantly, this research provides new insights regarding the role of leaders' BSB as a contextual factor in promoting employee knowledge sharing. Using social learning theory as a theoretical framework, this study indicates how employees with a high LGO learn the behaviors of boundary spanning leaders and are more willing to engage in knowledge sharing.