bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH KEPEMILIKAN SAHAM MAYORITAS TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN FARMASI (STUDI PERUSAHAAN FARMASI YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI TAHUN 2015-2019)
Authors: Salsabila Salsabila , Santoso Urip
Published: January 2022

Pemegang saham mayoritas memiliki hak mutlak untuk menunjuk atau memengaruhi pengangkatan pejabat puncak perusahaan, pengambilan keputusan, dan akses terhadap informasi. Kinerja perusahaan merupakan tolak ukur bagi suatu perusahaan dalam mencapai tujuannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi kepemilikan saham mayoritas, kondisi kinerja keuangan, dan pengaruh kepemilikan saham mayoritas terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan farmasi yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2015-2019. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap 8 perusahaan farmasi yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2015-2019. Metode yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif, hipotesis-deduktif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan unobtrutive method. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan regresi linier sederhana (simple linear regression). Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh kepemilikan saham mayoritas terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan farmasi yang diukur dengan rasio pertumbuhan penjualan, return on assets, return on equity, pertumbuhan laba per saham, dan price to book value. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kepemilikan saham mayoritas hanya berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan laba per saham dan price to book value. Prinsip GCG menjadi sangat penting dan perlu diterapkan pada perusahaan. Setiap organ perusahaan harus dapat menjalankan fungsinya berdasarkan hak dan tanggung jawabnya masing-masing.
W poszukiwaniu Bukowińczyków wśród społeczności polonijnej Brazylii. Kilka refleksji z badań w stanach Santa Catarina i Parana
Authors: Kłosek Eugeniusz
Published: January 2022

The article presents an account of research among a group of immigrants in Brazil, con- sisting of people originating from Bukovina. The group is presented against the backdrop of history and contemporary life of the Polish community residing in the states of Santa Catarina and Paranaʾ. The article describes trajectories of people hailing from various parts of Poland, who migrated to southern Brazil at the turn of the 19th and 20th century following the so-called “Brazilian fever” (the economic bubble of the 1880s). It presents the results of field research carried out in 2016–2017 and 2019, most of which refer to the research participants’“ethnic condition” and identity.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SYMMETRICAL ENCRYPTION STANDARD DES USING C PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE AND COMPARISON ITS EXECUTION TIME WITH OTHER UTILITIES
Authors: Hlynchuk Liudmyla , Hryshanovych Tetiana , Stupin Andrii
Published: January 2022

This research dedicated to the review, implementation and analysis of the symmetric encryption algorithm, namely - DES (Data Encryption Standard) that encrypts and decrypts text information. For this algorithm represented not only a verbal description, but also schemes of its execution and examples of implementation. Intermediate results and the results of information encryption / decryption in the implemented algorithm were verified using examples, so we can assume that the algorithm implemented correctly. Comparison of the execution time for the DES algorithm proposed implementation made for two utilities. One of them is OpenSSL, developed using assembler and the capabilities of the C programming language. The other utility developed using programming language Java. The comparison was made according to three criteria: full time from the utility execution start to its completion; the time spent by the process to execute the utility (downtime and time when the processor perform other tasks not accounted); the time taken by the operating system to run a utility, such as reading or writing the file. The analysis showed that the total execution time is not equal to the total amount of time spent by both the processor and the operating system to execute the utilities. This is due to the following: the total execution time is the real time spent on the execution of the utility; it can measure with a stopwatch. Whereas the time spent by the processor to execute the utility is measured somewhat differently: if two cores execute the same utility for 1 second, the total execution time will be 2 seconds, although in fact one second of time has passed. From the comparison follows the next conclusion: the time spent on encryption is less than the time spent on decryption. The execution time for different utilities is different: the time for OpenSSL utility turned out to be the best, because such an implementation is most adapted to the hardware. The utility in Java turned out to be the worst in terms of execution time. We propose the implementation of the DES algorithm of the nearest execution time to the fastest of the considered. Because a number of hacking possibilities have been found for the symmetric encryption standard DES, in particular due to the small number of possible keys, there is a risk of overriding them. Therefore, to increase crypto currency, other versions of this algorithm have been developed: double DES (2DES), triple DES (3DES), DESX, G-DES. In the future, it is planned to develop a utility based on our proposed implementation of the DES algorithm and to demonstrate the operation of its modifications.
Penerapan Metode Six Sigma Dalam Perbaikan Kualitas Kampas (Lining) Produk Brake Shoe Pada PT X
Authors: Ekawati Yurida , Shagan Olivia
Published: January 2022

Salah satu tujuan jangka pendek PT X adalah mampu meminimalkan defect pada produk brake shoe. Selama berjalannya proses produksi, part brake shoe yang menghasilkan kecacatan terbesar adalah kampas (lining). Padahal kualitas kampas berpengaruh langsung terhadap kualitas pengereman mobil. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Six Sigma dengan tahapan DMAIC, untuk mengidentifikasi defect pada kampas serta mengurangi variansi dalam proses. Dua CTQ terbesar kecacatan kampas adalah kampas miring dan kampas keropos. Persentase muncul cacat tersebut sebesar 70,41% dari total kampas cacat. Kedua jenis kecacatan ini muncul secara signifikan disebabkan karena terdapat kerak pada permukaan matras cetakan (krom) yang digunakan pada proses hidrolis. Analisis improvement yang diterapkan adalah melakukan upaya preventive maintenance, yaitu membersihkan permukaan matras secara berkala dengan periode waktu setiap 5 kali cetak kampas. Setelah diterapkannya usulan perbaikan, diperoleh peningkatan level sigma dari 3,629 sigma menjadi 3,976 sigma. Usulan perbaikan ini juga terbukti efektif mampu mengurangi 2 jenis cacat terbanyak pada kampas yaitu kampas miring dan keropos. Pencapaian peningkatan level sigma ini dipertahankan dengan menerapkan pemberian insentif kepada operator hidrolis apabila mampu menghasilkan kampas cacat di bawah standar yang telah dibuat.

 

Kata kunci: DMAIC; DPMO; preventive maintenance; Six Sigma
Evaluación de biocarbón de caña de azúcar en el desarrollo de Pinus greggii Engelm. ex Parl. en condiciones de vivero
Authors: Pérez-González Guadalupe , Hidalgo-Moreno Claudia , Etchevers-Barra Jorge D. , De Jong Ben , Salgado-García Sergio Salgado-García , Valtierra-Pacheco Esteban , López-López Miguel Ángel
Published: January 2022

Existe la necesidad de sustituir componentes de los sustratos para el desarrollo de las plántulas en vivero forestal, por productos de bajo costo y sobre todo por materiales renovables. El biocarbón es liviano, poroso y presenta una alta capacidad de retención de agua. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el uso de biocarbón a base de bagazo de caña de azúcar en la producción de plantas de pino prieto (Pinus greggii Engelm. ex Parl.), bajo condiciones de vivero. Se evaluaron cuatro tratamientos: (a) biocarbón con suelo forestal, (b) sustrato forestal (mezcla de 12.5% peat moss, 12.5% agrolita, 25% vermiculita y 50% corteza de pino), (c) biocarbón con sustrato forestal, ambos en una relación 1:9 (biocarbón:suelo, biocarbón:sustrato), y (d) suelo forestal solo. Se evaluó el efecto del biocarbón y de la fertilización (N, P y K) en el desempeño de los tratamientos en suelo y sustrato forestal. Las variables evaluadas fueron: altura de planta, diámetro de tallo, biomasa aérea, biomasa radical, biomasa total aérea, a relación biomasa aérea/radical; además la concentración de nutrientes acumulados (N, P, Ca, Mg, K y Na) en la parte aérea y radical. Los resultados obtenidos indican que como resultado de la adición de biocarbón al suelo y la fertilización, la altura, diámetro, biomasa (aérea y total) de pino prieto, fueron semejantes a las obtenidas en sustrato forestal, solo o combinado con biocarbón. Estos resultados se asociaron a la adición de biocarbón al suelo que incrementó la absorción de N y su concentración en la biomasa aérea, y favoreció la disponibilidad de Mg, Ca, K y P, éstos dos últimos elementos adicionados en la fertilización. Se concluye que la combinación de biocarbón y suelo en una relación (1:9) (p/p) con adición de fertilizante (N, P y K) puede ser empleado en el desarrollo de Pinus greggii Engelm ex Parl en vivero.
THE INFLUENCE OF FUNGI CONTAMINATION ON THE AVIATION FUEL AND BIOCIDE INHIBITOR
Authors: Fierdaus Mochammad , Kussuryani Yannie
Published: January 2022

Aviation fuel is one of the fractions of fuel oil containing hydrocarbons and trace materials in the form of organic salts. Distribution of aviation fuel to the aircraft allows the aviation fuel contaminated by water due to condensation. The presence of water, hydrocarbons and organic compounds are appropriate conditions for microbial growth. The growth of microbes among other fungi generates biomass that sould can be able block fi lter between fuel tank in aircraft to the engine and have fatal consequences for flight operation. An efforts to prevent the growth of fungi is to add biocides in aviation fuel, which is in this study using formalin. Fungi was used in this experiments consists of four species which were dominant in the aviation fuel that are: Paecilomyces sp.1, Paecilomyces sp.2, Aspergillus sp., Scytalidium sp., as will as a the of mixed cultures of four species of fungus. The concentration of formalin is used as biocide were 150 ppm, 250 ppm and 500 ppm. Parameter measured are dry weight of fungi and physical characteristic of aviation fuel including specific gravity, smoke point, freezing point, copper strip corrosion and flash point. Experiment result showed that the addition of formalin could prevent the growth of fungi in aviation fuel. For Paecilomyces sp.1 and Paecilomyces sp.2, formalin concentration of 150 ppm can prevent fungi growth in aviation fuel signifi cantly. It takes 500 ppm for Aspergillus sp. and 250 ppm for Scytalidium sp. The concentration of formalin 250 ppm and 500 ppm were inhibit the growth of mixed culture. Analysis of the physical properties of aviation fuel, showed that the use of formalin does not affect the quality of aviation fuel in all parameters tested and they meet the quality standards of aviation fuel issued by Ministry of Defence. This means that formalin can be used as biocide for aviation fuel.
BIODEGRADATION ENHANCEMENT OF OILY WASTEWATER BY OZONATION METHOD
Authors: Syafrizal Syafrizal , Zulkifliani Zulkifliani , Pratama Fami Adetyas Maulana , Bismo Setijo
Published: January 2022

This research is aimed at improving the ability of oily wastewater biodegradation through the ozonation method, where ozone will oxidize organic compounds in the oily wastewater that are diffi cult to be degraded by bacteria so that the structure becomes simpler. The ozonation process is done by using a corona-discharge ozonator and semi-batch reactor, and the process is varied by ozone dose and pH value. The ozonation process is then followed by a biodegradation process, where the bacteria that is used is Pseudomonas sp. This study also observed the effect of surfactants in supporting the biodegradation processes. An indicator of research success is the increase in the biodegradation percentage of the sample, followed by an increase in the value of the constant rate of bacterial growth. The research results shows that the ozonation method and the use of surfactant can support the oily wastewater biodegradation process. This is shown by the value of the biodegradation percentage and the constant rate of bacterial growth results, in which respective values are able to reach 86,787% and 0,339 at the optimal operating conditions (ozone dose of 0.53 g/h; pH 7; Bios-H surfactant concentration 500 ppm).
PEPTIDE SURFACTANT FOR EOR APPLICATION
Authors: Usman Usman
Published: January 2022

Motivated by recent advances on the peptides surfactants that capable of forming emulsion stabilization by lowering the interfacial tension, an extensive set of tests were carried out to further investigate the applicability of peptide molecules for enhanced oil recovery application. A designed peptide surfactant using protein biotechnology approach was laboratory tested at three samples representing the different oil characteristics, water formation, and reservoir rock. The best performance of peptide surfactant obtained is of sample A. Peptide surfactant is able to form microemulsion Type III at pH 11. It can lower the interfacial tension value until the range of 10-2 dyne/cm at 25°C, even though itsn’t reached the desired target yet which is 10-3 dyne/cm or even less. It can also change rock wettability from water wet into strong water wet. Sample A has relatively short hydrocarbon chain compared to samples B and C, it is classifi ed as intermediate oil, medium salinity for water formation, and rock mineral is dominated with quartz without gypsum that is very harmful to the fuction of surfactant. The developed peptide surfactant hasn’t been stable at high temperature yet. When tested at 70°C, the interfacial tension value increase to around 10-1 dyne/cm. Displacement effi ciency using oil sample A is less than 1%. Based on these results, the next peptide surfactant design will be focused on resistance capability improvement to temperature and peptide amino acid structure position to produce the better result of surfactant. The performance test results of peptide surfactant presented in this paper is valuable in designing specifi c peptide surfactant for certain oil fi eld.
OPTIMIZATION OF MEASUREMENT SPEED FOR SPECTRAL GAMMA RAY AND CLAY MINERAL IDENTIFICATION
Authors: Tribuana Irawan Y. , Yogi Ade , Prabowo Prabowo , Wibowo Andy S. , Sudija Puteri , Durahman Yudhi
Published: January 2022

Gamma ray log is a logging tool to capture the radioactive level of a rock or formation measured in API units. This logging tool generally has a capability to differentiate between permeable and impermeable layers. Usually the impermeable layer tends to have higher radioactivity compared to the permeable one except for the feldspar bearing formation. In addition, another capability of this logging tool is to determine the kind of clay mineral, by using ratio data between Thorium and Potassium. This laboratory experiment used Spectral Gamma Ray (SGR) equipment at LEMIGAS Routine Core Laboratory. The quality of gamma ray log measurement is significantly affected by the speed of the conveyor belt. During the experiment, the measurement speed of 30 m/hour is the optimum speed to achieve good quality data and time efficiency with the data amount of 169 points/meter. The result of SGR measurement gives the reading on the content of Uranium, Thorium and Potassium. The Thorium and Potassium content are compared and plotted in Quirein graphic which was modified by Schlumberger in 1985. Using this crossplot, we can identify the presence of Chlorite, Montmorillonite, Kaolinite, Illite, mixed layer Feldspar, Mica, and Glauconite minerals. A case study conducted on Wells A1, A2, A3 and A4, indicated that the result of this crossplot were similar to the measurement using XRD.
HYDROCARBON SHALE POTENTIAL IN TALANG AKAR AND LAHAT FORMATIONS ON SOUTH AND CENTRAL PALEMBANG SUB BASIN
Authors: Julikah Julikah , Sriwidjaya Sriwidjaya , Hadimuljono Jonathan Setyoko , Panuju Panuju
Published: January 2022

South and Central Palembang Sub - basin over Talang Akar (TAF) and the Lemat/Lahat Formations (LEF/LAF) has shale hydrocarbons (HC shale) which are considerably promising. Seismic interpretation results shows potential HC shale scattered in several areas around the Rukam-1, Kemang-1, Lion-1 and Tepus-1 wells. Generally, thermal modeling results indicates early maturity of oil on the value of Ro = 0.6% at about 2000 m depth (h), the formation of oil on the value Ro = (0.7-0.9)% at between (2200 £ h 3100) m depth and formation of gas at Ro values between (0.9-1.2)% at a depth between (3100-3500)m. Talang Akar and Lahat/Lemat Formations have a shallow marine depositional environment with Type II/III kerogen and lacustrine with Type III kerogen. Based on advanced seismic data processing (a method of seismic attributes and spectral decomposition) these areas are expected to have a TOC2% value that qualifies as shale HC. The assessment (P-50) of potential non-conventional oil and gas resources at Talang Akar and Lahat/Lemat Formations is estimated to be fairly large (up to 4200 MMBOE).
PERMO-TRIASSIC PALYNOLOGY OF THE WEST TIMOR
Authors: Lelono Eko Budi , Nugrahaningsih L. , Kurniadi Dedi
Published: January 2022

Fifteen surface samples were examined to analyze palynology of the Permo-Triassic sediments of West Timor. The studied samples were collected from the clastic sediment of Bisane Formation which is considered to be the oldest formation. It derives from the Australian continent (Gondwana) following thecollision with the Banda volcanic arc. The Bisane Formation generally comprises thick calcareous sandstone (0.3-5 meters) with shale alternation and abundant marine microfossil of Chrinoid. The appearance of Chrinoid may indicate Permian age and shallow marine environment. Meanwhile, other Bisane sediment shows different lithology in which it is composed of the intercalation of non-calacreous, dark gray to black shale and siltstone showing papery structure and rich in sulphur. Generally, palynological assemblage of the studied samples characterises Permo-Triassic age as indicated by the existence of common striate-bisaccate pollen including Protohaploxypinus samoilovichii, P. fuscus, P. goraiensis, Striatopodocarpidites phaleratus, Pinuspollenites globosaccus and Lunatisporites pellucidus. However, the appearance of trilete-monosaccate spores of Plicatipollenites malabarensis and Cannanoropollis janakii within the non-calcareous shale samples de􀂿 nes the age as Permian or older for these samples. Interestingly, marine dino􀃀 agellates appear to mark calcareous samples suggesting the in􀃀 uence of a marine environment. They disappear from the non-calcareous samples indicating a freshwater environment. By integrating this palynological analysis and Permian tectonic event which is marked by rifting, it can be interpreted that the non-calcareous samples were formed during early syn-rift as evidenced by the occurrence of freshwater deposit (may be lacustrine). Subsequently, following sea level rises during post rift, the depositional environment shifted to shallow marine as indicated by the existence of calcareous Permo-Triassic samples. If this is the case, the appearance of Permo-Triassic sediments provides an opportunity to 􀂿 nd a new petroleum system in the Paleozoic series of West Timor. Source rock is represented by black shale, whereas reservoir is represented by thick sandstone.
EFFECTS OF PETROFILIC MICROORGANISMS AND BULKING AGENT ON HYDROCARBON�S BIODEGRADATION EFFICIENCY
Authors: Zulkifliani Zulkifliani , Suryatmana Pujawati , Sylvia Annisa Rosalina , Syafrizal Syafrizal
Published: January 2022

Bioremediation is a method which can be used to reduce the amount of pollutants or toxic substances that damage the environment through the use of microorganisms to remove the contaminants. The purpose of this research is to determine the effects of petrofilic microorganisms and bulking agent on the enhancement of hydrocarbons biodegradation efficiency, soil water content, growth rate of petrofilic bacteria and Azotobacter vinelandii. Nine treatments in this research were a petrofilic consortium (Pseudomonas spp., Actinomycetes sp., and petrofilic fungi) and Azotobacter vinelandii (biosurfactan), as well as bulking agent (rice husk charcoal and baglog waste of Oyster Mushrooms). The experiment design used was a randomized block design with three replications, so there were 27 experimental units (microscosmos). The result was that the application of petrofilic microorganisms and bulking agent is the best treatment to enhance the efficiency of hydrocarbons biodegradation, the growth rate of petrofilic bacteria, and soil water content. The petrofilic consortium treatment with the highest value of biodegradation efficiency reached 83,9%.
PROSPECT FOR CO2 EOR TO OFFSET THE COST OF CCS AT COAL POWER PLANTS
Authors: Usman Dr. Ir.
Published: January 2022

Carbon Capture Storage (CCS) technology has gained confidence in its ability to yield dramatic reductions of CO2 emissions from large stationary emissions sources such as coal-fired power plants. However, the pace of CCS projects has suffered from a less supportive business case. Utilization of CO2 for enhanced oil recovery (CO2 EOR) offers commercial opportunities owing to its economic profitability from incremental oil production offsetting the cost of CCS. This paper describes the prospect of CO2 EOR offsetting the cost of CCS at a coal-fired power plant. A coal-firedpower plant assumed to be commissioned in 2022 is selected as the basis of this study. The Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) of this plant without CCS is estimated at US$ 6.4 cents/kWh and emits around 4.1 MtCO2/year. Integrating CCS to the selected coal power plant imposed additional costs associated with CO2 capture, transportation, and storage systems. The incremental costs are evaluated based on separation of 90%, 45%, and 22.5% of CO2 from the power plant flue gas. Under the 90% capture scenario, the LCOE raised more than double to 15.5 US cents/kWh which is primarily attributed to the energy penalty. A minimal reduction of 0.9 cents/kWh could bring the LCOE down below the ceiling price for geothermal. Reducing the CO2 capture percentage from 90% to 45% could reduce the LCOE to 11.2 US cents/kWh. Lowering the cost to 0.6 cents/kWh or more for this case would result in the LCOE below the state-owned electricity companys average cost of combined cycle gas turbine in 2012. Selling the captured CO2 under US$ 10 per tonne at the plant gate could help offset the cost. With numbers of new coal-fired power plants expected to be constructed in the near term, integrated coal CCS power plant with EOR is relevant for Indonesia.
POLLEN RECORDS FROM THE OLIGOCENE OF WESTERN INDONESIA AS THE EVIDENCES OF CLIMATE CHANGES
Authors: Lelono Eko Budi
Published: January 2022

In Southeast Asia, Oligocene climate is well known to be represented by dry/ seasonal climate. However, it was reported possible appearance of wet climate period during the expantion of dry condition. This work is aimed to confi rm the Oligocene climate which occurred in western Indonesia. Climate change is useful to understand the Oligocene stratigraphy of Western Indonesia. This study uses cutting samples from off shore exploration wells situated in West and East Java and West Natuna as well as on-shore Central Sumatera and West Java. Samples are processed using standard preparation methods to produce suitable pollen assemblage for quantitative analysis.This study proves that the Oligocene sediments yield rich pollen assemblages including those of environment and climate indicators. Abundant fresh water algae of Pediastrum and Bosedinia in Early Oligocene indicates the appearance of lacustrine sediments. This sediment was formed under dry/ seasonal climate as marked by rich grass pollen Monoporites annulatus in the absence or rare occurance of rain forest elements. Mean while, Late Oligocene is characterised by common brackish elements to indicate shifting paleoenvironment into transition to shallow marine. The climate was changing into wetter condition as evidenced by high appearance of Dacrydium and Casuarina as well as other rain forest palynomorphs. The wettest climate probably occured in Java region which refl ected a wet climate fringe to the eastern margin of Sundaland prior to the collision of the Australian and Asian Plates at the Oligo-Miocene boundary. However, in general, dry/ seasonal climate is the rule for most of the Oligocene in Western Indonesia.
THE EFFECT OF ANIONIC AND NONIONIC CO-SURFACTANT FOR IMPROVING SOLUBILITY OF POLYOXY-BASED SURFACTANT FOR CHEMICAL FLOODING
Authors: Alli Yani Faozani , Damayandri Dadan , Irawan Yan
Published: January 2022

Surfactant is one of the crucial components for chemical flooding to recover oil production in the tertiary stage of the low primary and secondary recovery oil field. The mechanism is performed by decreasing the interfacial tension of oil and water which enhancing microscopic displacement efficiency. The present study showed the effect of commercial nonionic and anionic co-surfactant Tergitol, Teepol, Merpol, and SDS on the solubility of polyoxy based-surfactant (POS) through compatibility analysis, fi ltration ratio analysis, and IFT measurement. Whereas the presence of Teepol and Merpol did not change the original compatibility of POS in all concentrations, the addition of co-surfactant Tergitol and SDS were able to alter the solubility of POS from milky solution into a clear transparent solution. However, the most important characteristic of surfactant for reducing the IFT of oil-water was affected by the addition of co-surfactant which does not have sufficient IFT to release the trapped oil in the reservoir. Thus, exposing the mixture of surfactant and co-surfactant for a few days at the reservoir temperature has changed the visual appearance of solution from a clear transparent solution into a milky suspension, indicating the occurrence of thermal degradation. These results suggest that the addition of anionic and nonionic co-surfactant improved the solubility of POS, but increased the IFT. It can be concluded that the compatibility of POS in the brine can then be achieved by mixing it with suitable co-surfactant. Screening the other co-surfactant is required to obtain the one that enhances the compatibility as well as maintaining the ultralow IFT of POS.
A LABORATORY STUDY OF CLAY SWELLING PROBLEM IN CO2 EOR BY CARBONIC ACID INJECTION IN CLAY SANDSTONE
Authors: Riyono Sugeng , Wicaksono Aditya Pramada , Andhika Lutfi , Fauzi Iqbal , Aslam Billal Maydika , Purba Rafael , Reksi Handita , Siregar Hasian P. Septoratno
Published: January 2022

Signifi cant portion of CO2 is dissolved in reservoir brine during CO2-Enhanced Oil Recovery. Dissolved CO2 forms an acidic environment which could modify rock-fluid interaction. One of the phenomena that could happen due to this interaction is clay swelling which may affect enhanced oil recovery performance. Several experiments were conducted in a number of sandstone core samples, i.e. Imbibition test, Core flood test, Conductivity test, and pH measurement. Imbibition test was conducted to evaluate CO2-saturated brine (approached with carbonic acid) performance toward oil recovery during five days measurement compared with brine imbibition performance. Moreover, core flood experiment was run to determine the effect of dissolved CO2 in brine on injection in sandstone. This is simulated by injecting brine (base case) followed by carbonic acid under 68.3OC. Thus, conductivity and pH of the imbibed fluids (before after running imbibition test) were measured to justify occurrence of cation exchange. Interpretation of imbibition test indicated that imbibing carbonic acid, at pH value of about four, resulted in loss of oil recovery about 15% compared with brine due to formation damage, caused by clay swelling as sandstone contains clay. The existence of this phenomenon was confirmed by flow resistance at low pH in core sample which was higher than that in brine. This apparent plugging was expected due to severe clay swelling. Meanwhile, the existence of such phenomenon was also clarified with conductivity and pH measurement as there was a great amount of cation exchange. It can be inferred from this study that the rock-fluid interaction from CO2-saturated brine can result in adverse effect, such as injectivity problem and loss of recovery. This finding must be considered in planning CO2 EOR operations, especially when facing condition of watered out oil zone.
MULTI-POLARIZATION FOR ANALYSIS OF GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURES AS FORMATION OF HYDROCARBON TRAPS CONTROLLER IN EAST JAVA BASIN
Authors: Crystiana Indah , Hartono Hartono , Jatmiko Retnadi Heru , Junaedi Taufan
Published: January 2022

The decline in oil reserves and the increasing demand for oil and gas energy led to the search for new reserves. The geological structure pattern used to know the pattern of distribution and formation of hydrocarbons traps in the East Java Basin is one of the important information that can be extracted through remote sensing data of multi-polarization system. The multi-polarization system of this study merged the \ Alos Palsar imagery with HH and HV polarization, and Sentinel Image polarized VV and VH. Processing both image data through calibration, multilook, speckle fi ltering, geometric correction and mosaic. Filtered imagery is composite and sharpening. The fi ltering technique use Lee 5x5 kernel fi lter and then continue with 5x5 median fi lter. The results of multi-polarization system image interpretation can be identifi ed by fold, thrust faults, normal faults, strike-slip faults, bedding, and closure structure. In the formation research area the structure lasted two periods, with the main emphasis N-S in the order of 1 and the main direction of the SW-NE direction in the order-2. The hydrocarbon traps and exploration targets can be distinguished in three zones (Zone A, Zone B, and Zone C). Closure in Zone A includes closures 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. Closure in Zone B includes closures 1, 2, 6, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 31, 32. Closure on Zone C includes closure18, 19, 20, 21.
UTILIZATION OF SODIUM SULFIT DROPLET FOR OXYGEN ABSORPTION
Authors: Lucia Anda
Published: January 2022

Gas absorption by liquid droplets in a spray column is one common method for gas cleaning. The simple design, low pressure drop, and the possibility of its application in liquid systems containing solids are benefi ts of this method. The mass transfer coeffi cient of gas-liquid absorption depends on droplet size, concentration of liquid or gas and the physic-chemical system. Experiments to study the mass transfer using the air-oxygen/sulphite system have been performed. The dispersed droplets were generated by pumping the liquid through a needle with certain fl owrate. A High Speed Camera with shadowgraph method and image processing was used for measurement of droplet size and velocity accurately. The shapes of the droplets were relatively not spherical because of oscillating movement. The droplets are slightly accelerated after detach from the needle. The oxygen concentrations were determined by means of spectrophotometric method. The liquid mass transfer coeffi cients of this experiment are 2 times lower than the model because of the low reaction between oxygen and sulphite . The mass transfer coeffi cient of the experiment is calculated from the experimental data, and compared with the model equations from the literature.
EFFECT OF DIETANOLAMIDE (DEA) SURFACTANT ADDITION AND DEEP-SEA BACTERIA ACTIVITIES ON THE BIODEGRADABILITY OF ARTIFICIAL OILY WASTEWATER IN SEAWATER MEDIA
Authors: Syafrizal Syafrizal , Prastiko Rendy Budi , Partono Tri , Kussuryani Yanni
Published: January 2022

Marine oil spills have bad impacts on the marine biota. Oil spill mitigation that is currently safe, effi cient, relatively cheap and easy to implement is bioremediation, that is degradation of oil spills biologically using microorganisms. Petroleum will be more easily dispersed in water when surfactants are added. The surfactants have the ability to increase the bioavailability of petroleum to facilitate bacteria contact with carbon sources as their feed. This study was intended to test the effect of addition of diethanolamide (DEA) surfactants to improve the ability of bacteria to degrade hydrocarbon compound in the seawater media. The biodegradation experiment was conducted in 8-liter seawater media and the ability of DEA surfactants to reduce surface tension, oil content, pH and nutrients on days 0, 1, 3, 6 and 10 were observed. GC-MS analysis was conducted to detect chemical component changes in petroleum. A bacterial consortium of Enterobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Raoultella sp. was utilized. The oil was degraded up to 65.52% with biodegradation rate k = -0.1054 t in the media added with DEA surfactants. The aliphatic fraction detected was C17-C31 n-alkane compound and after biodegradation it became C20- C31. The results showed that DEA surfactants were able to improve the ability of bacterial consortium to degrade petroleum.
BIOREMEDIATION OF CRUDE OIL CONTAMINATED SEAWATER WITH THE APPLICATION OF BIOSURFACTANT AND BIOSTIMULATION
Authors: Syafrizal Syafrizal , Prastiko Rendy Budi , Partono Tri , Kussuryani Yanni
Published: January 2022

Marine oil spills have bad impacts on the marine biota. Oil spill mitigation that is currently safe, effi cient, relatively cheap and easy to implement is bioremediation, that is degradation of oil spills biologically using microorganisms. Petroleum will be more easily dispersed in water when surfactants are added. The surfactants have the ability to increase the bioavailability of petroleum to facilitate bacteria contact with carbon sources as their feed. This study was intended to test the effect of addition of diethanolamide (DEA) surfactants to improve the ability of bacteria to degrade hydrocarbon compound in the seawater media. The biodegradation experiment was conducted in 8-liter seawater media and the ability of DEA surfactants to reduce surface tension, oil content, pH and nutrients on days 0, 1, 3, 6 and 10 were observed. GC-MS analysis was conducted to detect chemical component changes in petroleum. A bacterial consortium of Enterobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Raoultella sp. was utilized. The oil was degraded up to 65.52% with biodegradation rate k = -0.1054 t in the media added with DEA surfactants. The aliphatic fraction detected was C17-C31 n-alkane compound and after biodegradation it became C20- C31. The results showed that DEA surfactants were able to improve the ability of bacterial consortium to degrade petroleum.
PARABOLIC TROUGH COLLECTOR CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER AS STEAM PRODUCER USING SOLAR IRRADIATION OF CEPU, BLORA, CENTRAL JAVA
Authors: Burhan A.S Andrian Aziz , Aziz Dzul Fadhli , Hidayat Muhammad Nur
Published: January 2022

Alternative energy sources has grown lately, especially for solar energy harnessed with Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) to produce steam that will be converted into a certain form of energy. The steam produced can also be used for petroleum industry to reduce the fuel usage in boilers. Daily solar irradiation of 5.18001 5.21909 kWh/m2 received by Cepu, Blora, Central Java, is deemed sufficient for CSP with parabolic trough collector (PTC) as steam producer. This paper describes the designing of the parabolic trough collector CSP, temperature increase gained from PTC, and peak temperature gained from 1 PTC. The initial experiment of PTC in cloudy, sunny, and cloudy-sunny-cloudy weather resulting in water temperature increase gained to be 172oC, 401.1oC, 285.9oC using Cepu District solar irradiation. Further experiments will be done to find out the relationship between temperature over time.
DEPOSITIONAL PROCESSES AND FACIES ARCHITECTURE OF BALIKPAPAN SANDSTONE FORMATION, APPLICATION OF 3D DIGITAL OUTCORP MODEL (DOM) TO IDENTIFY RESERVOIR GEOMETRY AND DISTRIBUTION IN DELTAIC SYSTEM
Authors: Rohmana Rian Cahya , Fardiansyah Iqbal , Taufani Leon , Harishidayat Dicky
Published: January 2022

In recent years, digitalization of the outcrop technique is a powerful tool - for detailed analysis on the geo-software. Thus, the integration between outcrops and subsurface data for reducing the subsurface uncertainties. This provides the impetus to propose and accomplish a holistic understanding of the architecture and geometry of the deltaic system and to provide an exhaustive analysis of their sedimentary processes. This study investigates the temporal and spatial distribution of deltaic sandstone using a combination of 3D Digital Outcrop Model (DOM) application and traditional geologic mapping of Balikpapan Formation in the Kutei Basin. Our study has successfully revealed that DOM is an excellent method to better understand the depositional process and facies architecture within the heterogeneity of deltaic system. The classification scheme presented in this study is also applicable to other sedimentological settings worldwide.
ROCK PHYSICS TEMPLATE TO ESTIMATE THE EFFECTS OF TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON (TOC) AND MINERALOGY ON THE SEISMIC ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF IMMATURE SHALE RESERVOIR
Authors: Hutami Harnanti Y , Priniarti Tiara Larasati , Winardhi Ign Sonny , . Handoyo
Published: January 2022

The low porosity and permeability shale are nowadays known as self-resourcing reservoirs. In the unique organic shales, TOC has a signifi cant contribution to the elastic properties of rocks. TOC behaves like porosity to a density log and effects in decreasing density. To reduce the uncertainty due to TOC and mineral variability effect, a quantitative interpretation of shale reservoirs should be done properly to obtain the best image of shale systems. In this study, we built rock-physics templates (RPT) to esti mate seismic response by defi ning the relationship between total organic carbon (TOC) and effective elastic properties of shale reservoirs of a data set from South Sumatera Basin, Indonesia. RPT is carried out by incorporating the amount of organic matter into shale pore space as a solid-fi lling inclusion. Moreover, shale porosity is assumed to be fully water-saturated determined by the in-situ conditions. We have estimated the general distribution of pore geometry by investigating aspect ratio from the dataset. A solid background of shale from several different minerals is estimated by using effective medium theory. Properties of porous rocks for solid pore infi ll are estimated from a generalization of Brown-Korringa Equation. Effective elastic properties of bulk rock frame fi lled with a fl uid are obtained from Gassmann equations. Results show that increasing the TOC volumes generally reduces both P-wave and S-wave velocities, acoustic impedance, and density. On the contrary, the vp/vs ratio increased as the impact of immature organic matter which will be more affecting shale rigidity than its compressibility.
SHALE GAS SWEET SPOT POTENTIAL OF TUNGKAL GRABEN, JAMBI SUB-BASIN SOUTH SUMATERA BASIN
Authors: Ramli Taufik , Hermiyanto Z M. Heri , Wibowo Andy Setyo
Published: January 2022

The Tungkal Graben is located in Jambi Sub-basin, the northern part of South Sumatera Basin. This basin is known as one of the largest hydrocarbons producing basin in Indonesia. There are several proven source rocks in the South Sumatera Basin. The paralic shales and coal horizon of Talangakar Formation (TAF) are known as primary source rock in this basin and considered as a reservoir of shale gas-bearing in Tungkal Graben Area as well. This study used surface geological data that was collected from the southern foot of Tiga Puluh Mountain as the outcrop analogy and subsurface data (existing well and seismic data) in Tungkal Graben Area. This study applied integrated methods including environmental deposition analysis, organic geochemistry analysis, petrophysical analysis, seismic interpretation, sweet spot delineation, and volumetric of gas in place (GIP) calculation. TAF observed both on the outcrop and well is transition deposit that consists of the dominance of shale and siltstone with interbedded of coal, sandstone, and limestone. Shale and siltstone of TAF have characteristic which is appropriate as a shale gas bearing, with sufficient organic content richness, suitable kerogen type, its maturity entering the early gas generation and proper brittleness index (BI). The sweet spot area is an area that has met the criteria for potential shale gas and determined by pay zone criteria. Depend on the criteria, Net to gross for shale gas is 0.158, early gas generation estimated at a depth of 10250 feet, and sweet spot area reaches 8.9 x 108 ft2. Thus, the total potential of shale gas resources from the calculation using the Ambrose method is 2.12 TCF.
Determination of Biodegradation Zone in Central Sumatra Basin
Authors: Hadimuljono Jonathan Setyoko , Firdaus Nurus
Published: January 2022

It is commonly known that heavy oil is mostly formed through biodegradation process within reservoir or on the surface both by aerobic and/or anaerobic bacteria that can live under specfi c temperature level(s). In order to investigate heavy oil occurences in Central Sumatra Basin, eff orts have been spent to determine the depths that represent the maximum temperature. By integrating the maximum viable temperature of typical bacteria and temperature gradient data, the depth of heavy oil zone is determined. The work is a combination of establishment of geothermal gradient map and laboratory analysis on fi eld sampled oil for determining types and temperature characteristics of microorganism living in the samples. Heavy oil sampling is made on seepages in areas nearby Minas fi eld. Subsequent laboratory analysis reveals Burkholderia multivorans ATCC BAA-247 as the predominant bacteria having maximum viabl temperature of 60° C. Based on the established geothermal gradient map, this maximum temperature correspond to average depth of 1818 ft (555.5 m). This average depth is used as the lower depth for the biodegradation zone over which investigation over presence of heavy oil bearing reservoirs/traps is made.
La violencia en el noviazgo, la reacción estatal en la norma penal mexicana y su consideración desde el poder judicial
Authors: Vázquez Sánchez Elisa
Published: January 2022

La diversidad de formas en que se relacionan los seres humanos en contextos afectivos, incluso a partir del uso de la tecnología, muchos de ellos inmersos en situaciones de violencia, generan que el Estado deba actualizar constantemente la manera en que protege las asimetrías de poder en el noviazgo, apuntando a erradicar la violencia de género.
El tipo penal de feminicidio en las mujeres trans
Authors: López- Téllez Denitza , Fernández-Cuevas María P.
Published: January 2022

En este artículo se analiza el tipo penal de feminicidio y la heteronormatividad que existen en los Códigos Penales al mencionar como sujeto pasivo a la mujer e incluir a las mujeres trans cuando son sujetos pasivos de este tipo penal conforme a los instrumentos jurídicos nacionales e internacionales.
Paradigma Sociocultural en Educación
Authors: Ramírez Trejo Denisse Alejandra
Published: January 2022

La psicología de la educación es una disciplina científica que permite comprender los constructos de los elementos y figuras educativas como la enseñanza, el aprendizaje, el profesor, el alumno y la evaluación, con la finalidad de ejercer la práctica docente con fundamento teórico y metodológico.

En el presente trabajo se describe la propuesta de L. S. Vygotsky en el año 1920 para concebir al proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje desde el enfoque sociocultural.
Costo Promedio Ponderado de Capital para una mejor decisión de inversión
Authors: Sauza-Ávila Beatriz , Cruz-Domínguez José M. , Pérez-Castañeda Suly S. , Lechuga-Canto Claudia B. , Cruz-Ramírez Dorie , Chávez-Hernández Noé
Published: January 2022

Todo inversionista tiene como objetivo maximizar sus activos en los que invierte, es por ello que la presente investigación analiza dos grandes empresas de giro alimentario para conocer el rendimiento que ofrecería a quienes reinvertirán sus utilidades esto se logra al calcular el Costo Promedio Ponderado de Capital (CPPC) y al ser comparado con el rendimiento que ofrecen las empresas del mismo sector, para con ello los accionistas tomen la decisión que más les convenga, se hizo uso de la base de datos de yahoo finanzas para obtener los estados financieros del ejercicio 2020, de las unidades económicas en estudio.
Diagnóstico sobre la motivación escolar en estudiantes de ingeniería
Authors: Sánchez Yira Muñoz , Alonso-Lavernia María A , Castillo-Pérez Iliana , Gálvez-González Fabián
Published: January 2022

La motivación es un elemento intangible, pero de suma trascendencia dentro del proceso de aprendizaje y que incide en el desempeño de los estudiantes, razón por la cual es necesario conocer la motivación de los estudiantes para implementar acciones y estrategias que beneficien su desempeño académico y se obtengan mejores resultados. En el presente documento se muestra un reporte diagnóstico sobre la motivación escolar extrínseca e intrínseca, mediante un cuestionario de Evaluación Motivacional del Proceso de Aprendizaje (EMPA), a un grupo de estudiantes de ingeniería.
Revisión sistemática de la implementación de Blockchain en el sector educativo
Authors: Mora-Zambrano Eugenio Rafael , Jaramillo-Flores Paulina del Carmen , Torres-Bastidas Jimmy Patricio , Vaca-Escobar Patricio Neptali , Marcillo-Vera Fabricio , H. Palacios Raúl
Published: January 2022

En esta investigación se presenta un proceso de revisión sistemática de la implementación de la tecnología Blockchain en el sector educativo. De manera particular, la investigación se centra en identificar las implementaciones realizadas a través de Blockchain en los últimos años. En los resultados se observa que existen oportunidades de aplicación de la tecnología en el sector educativo. Además, la poca implementación de Blockchain en el sector educativo, inspira a trazar líneas futuras para beneficiar las áreas de gestión de pagos, registro de estudiantes, entre otras mencionadas al final del documento.
Propuesta de control de posición y velocidad de motores en paralelo implementando PAC y HMI para una grúa tipo pórtico
Authors: Flores García Ernesto , Quezada Quezada José Carlos , Calderón Medina Rafael Víctor Hugo , Pérez Pérez Alfredo
Published: January 2022

La ingeniería crea y emplea una gran cantidad de maquinaria e instrumentos que ayudan al ser humano a realizar tareas con cierta facilidad; un ejemplo son las grúas, las cuales posibilitan mover cargas de enorme peso sin la necesidad de la fuerza humana. El control de motores en paralelo se considera una estrategia favorable para implementar en grúas, por ejemplo en la industria portuaria, debido a la complejidad de este tipo de sistemas. El presente trabajo constituye un proyecto académico terminal de aplicación práctica, con enfoque a la automatización de procesos de tipo industrial, en el cual se plantea una propuesta de control de posición y velocidad de motores de corriente alterna en paralelo para la actuación de una grúa tipo pórtico, usando tecnologías de automatización tales como un PAC System RX3i de GE Fanuc, cuya programación se realiza en lenguaje LD mediante el software Proficy Machine Edition; una HMI, desarrollada mediante el software Cimplicity Workbench; y el protocolo de comunicación MODBUS, para la comunicación entre los motores y los variadores de frecuencia para el control de velocidad.
Técnicas e instrumentos de recolección de datos en investigación
Authors: Sánchez Martínez Diana Verónica
Published: January 2022

La recolección de datos dentro de una investigación comprende reunir y medir información de diversas fuentes, con la finalidad de obtener un panorama general del objeto de estudio. La obtención de estos datos puede realizarse a través de diferentes técnicas e instrumentos como la observación, cuestionarios, entrevistas y escalas. El objetivo de la i nvestigación determinara cual de ellos se debe emplear, aunque pueden implementarse más de uno de ellos al mismo tiempo dentro de un estudio. Dichas herramientas son empleadas en diversas ciencias y una vez que se recolecta la información esta debe ser analizada para convertirla en un conocimiento nuevo.