bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Der Ausbau von Offshore-Windparks in Deutschland aus einer Innovationsperspektive
Authors: Meister Thomas
Published: October 2017

Policy instruments are of central importance for the diffusion of renewable energy technologies. They can compensate for politically desired effects (e.g. reduction of emissions) which are not adequately addressed by the market. This relation can also be seen in the development of offshore wind energy in Germany. However, I argue in this paper that the policy instruments implemented during the initial phase of the development were not only unsuitable for diminishing obstacles but rather created conflicts which hampered the development of offshore wind energy. Especially the lack of spatial regulations in the beginning of the process promoted conflicts of use and environmental conflicts and led to an uncontrolled development which prevented an efficient grid connection. By modifying old or implementing new instruments political actors tried to improve the framing conditions for the development of offshore wind energy in Germany. Based on a document analysis and expert interviews, these regulatory efforts are analysed from an innovation perspective using the constellation analysis, which specifically takes the interaction of the various policy instruments and central socio-economic, technical and natural factors into account. This way it can be shown that it was only after a lengthy learning and negotiation process that suitable policy instruments were implemented that led to the development of overall suitable framework conditions for the development of offshore wind energy.
Predatory publishers and fraudulent conferences: Perspectives and implications for novice researchers
Authors: Mercier Eric , Émond Marcel , Tardif Pier-Alexandre , Sage Natalie Le
Published: October 2017

None
Hunger strikes in prison: a legal perspective for psychiatrists
Authors: Gulati G. , Whelan D. , Spain E. , Meagher D. , Dunne C. P.
Published: October 2017

Hunger strikes in a custodial setting are complex to manage clinically, with associated legal and ethical complexities. Hunger strikes in Irish prisons have received, and are likely to continue to be the focus of, considerable media attention. Whilst there is an internationally accepted consensus ethical position, there is limited legal guidance available for psychiatrists to draw upon in such cases. In this paper, we review recent case-law and discuss the legal considerations in the management of prisoners on hunger strike.
Nitrogen and white clover impacts on the management of perennial ryegrass–clover swards for grazing cattle
Authors: McDONAGH J. , GILLILAND T. J. , McEVOY M. , DELABY L. , O'DONOVAN M.
Published: October 2017

Perennial ryegrass and white clover (WC) have been shown to form compatible mixtures for pasture production under temperate climates. The inclusion of WC has the potential to enhance the performance of grass swards, but the extent of the improvement under contrasting grazing management strategies is unclear. Grazing rotation and fertilizer nitrogen (N) use have been identified as two major factors that can influence the performance of grass–clover swards. The objective of the current study was to examine the effect of differing grazing rotation lengths and the level of N application on the dry matter (DM) yield performance of grass–clover and grass-only swards as well as on WC productivity and persistency under animal grazing. Swards were managed by N application and grazing rotation length: High-N swards were managed on a 21-day grazing rotation (Man 1) and low-N swards were managed on a 30-day grazing rotation (Man 2). The four treatments were: 250 kg N/ha without WC (HN−C), 250 kg N/ha with WC (HN+C), 100 kg N/ha N without WC (LN−C) and 100 kg N/ha with WC (LN+C). There was a significant management × WC interaction over the 3 years for annual DM yield. The LN−C swards produced lower DM yield (−1917 kg DM/ha) than the swards of the other three treatments (11 167 kg DM/ha). Management had a significant effect on annual DM yield with Man 1 swards yielding 801 kg DM/ha more than Man 2 swards (10 288 kg DM/ha). The inclusion of WC yielded significantly more annual DM yield (+1009 kg DM/ha) than grass-only swards. Notably, LN+C produced the same annual total DM yield as swards under High N and a 21-day grazing rotation. Total WC DM yield and proportion across the year was altered significantly by management. Higher N fertilized swards at shorter grazing intervals had a lower WC DM yield (−1544 kg DM/ha) and proportion (−0·13). Dry matter yield of WC with low N application can be similar to that at high N levels if rotation length is used as a mechanism to determine grazing timing. Variations in WC productivity into the final year of the experiment indicate that persistence of significant contributions to DM yield by WC under low N at longer grazing intervals remains unclear after 3 years.
Idiom storage and the lexicon
Authors: SILONI TAL , HORVATH JULIA , KLUNOVER HADAR , WEXLER KEN
Published: October 2017

Using a new methodology, the paper reports experimental work that sheds light on the organization of the lexicon, the storage technique of phrasal idioms, and the derivation of various diatheses. We conducted an experiment to examine the pattern of distribution of phrasal idioms across several diatheses. Native speakers of Hebrew were taught invented Hebrew idioms inspired by French idioms. The idioms were headed by predicates of three diatheses: a verbal passive, an adjectival passive, and an unaccusative verb. After learning the idioms, the participants evaluated for each idiom how likely it was that it shared its idiomatic meaning with its transitive version. The results show that the distribution of phrasal idioms depends on the diathesis of their head. Subjects perceived the likelihood of the verbal passive to share idiomatic meanings with its transitive counterpart as significantly higher than that of both the adjectival passive and the unaccusative. The findings provide support for the claim that phrasal idioms are stored in the lexicon, not in an extra-grammatical component, since their perception by speakers turned out to be dependent on a grammatical property, the diathesis. This dependency can be explained if phrasal idioms are stored as subentries of their head. The findings also reinforce the view that adjectival passives and unaccusatives are listed in the lexicon, but not verbal passives. Finally, they support the existence of an active lexicon, where thematic operations can apply.
Forced magnetic reconnection
Authors: Vekstein G.
Published: October 2017

This is a tutorial-style selective review explaining basic concepts of forced magnetic reconnection. It is based on a celebrated model of forced reconnection suggested by J. B. Taylor. The standard magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) theory of this process has been pioneered by Hahm & Kulsrud (Phys. Fluids, vol. 28, 1985, p. 2412). Here we also discuss several more recent developments related to this problem. These include energetics of forced reconnection, its Hall-mediated regime, and nonlinear effects with the associated onset of the secondary tearing (plasmoid) instability.
How postcolonial is post-Western IR? Mimicry and mētis in the international politics of Russia and Central Asia
Authors: Owen Catherine , Heathershaw John , Savin Igor
Published: October 2017

Scholars of International Relations have called for the creation of a post-Western IR that reflects the global and local contexts of the declining power and legitimacy of the West. Recognising this discourse as indicative of the postcolonial condition, we deploy Homi Bhabha’s concept of mimicry and James C. Scott’s notion of mētis to assess whether international political dynamics of a hybrid kind are emerging. Based on interviews with Central Asian political, economic, and cultural elites, we explore the emergence of a new global politics of a post-Western type. We find that Russia substantively mimics the West as a post-Western power and that there are some suggestive examples of the role of mētis in its foreign policy. Among Central Asian states, the picture is more equivocal. Formal mimicry and mētis of a basic kind are observable, but these nascent forms suggest that the dialectical struggle between colonial clientelism and anti-colonial nationalism remains in its early stages. In this context, a post-Western international politics is emerging with a postcolonial aspect but without the emergence of the substantive mimicry and hybrid spaces characteristic of established postcolonial relations.
Do Not Cross the Line: The State Influence on Religious Education
Authors: Giorgi Alberta , Annicchino Pasquale
Published: October 2017

The issues related to the role of religion in the public education system have been a public topic for a long time, and related debates have been cyclically revived by specific events. In this contribution, we explore the reasons why Italian grassroots actors do not tend to size up the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) jurisprudence and the plurality of juridical regimes dealing with religion and education as windows of opportunity. First, we analyze the intertwinement of different juridical regimes dealing with religion and education, and the national case law on the topic. Then, drawing on original semi-structured interviews, we analyze the indirect effects of the ECtHR case law on the mobilizations and advocacy strategies at the grassroots level around religion and education. Finally, we discuss the research outcomes, outlining how the non-interference of the Court in state-religions regimes may result in the limited impact and effectiveness of the Court's protection of religious freedoms.
What If Applicants Knew How Personality Tests are	Scored?
Authors: König Cornelius J. , Jansen Anne , Mathieu Peter Lüscher
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Having access to information on personality tests might make faking of personality tests easier because applicants are not hindered by incorrect assumptions about the scoring. Thus, this experiment tests whether very briefly telling applicants how personality tests are scored affects faking. Management assistants (N = 187), asked to imagine themselves as job applicants, were either informed about the scoring key or given no information before filling out a Big Five personality test. Results revealed that this minimal manipulation increased faking. This finding supports the notion that applicants often incorrectly assume that scoring procedures are overly complex and gives practitioners additional reason to worry about more future faking.
Psychological Contract Fulfillment and Employee Responses to Pay	System Change
Authors: Syrek Christine J. , Antoni Conny H.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. The implementation of a new pay system is a balancing act that produces uncertainty and draws employees’ attention to the fulfillment of exchange agreements. Transformational leadership may be essential during these change processes. Based on psychological contract theory, we expected that transformational leadership impacts job satisfaction and affective organizational commitment through the fulfillment of relational psychological contracts, while the fulfillment of transactional psychological contracts may be crucial for employees’ pay and bonus satisfaction. We assessed 143 employees nested within 34 teams before and after (24 months) a pay for performance (pfp) system was introduced. Our results supported the mediation hypotheses considering job and pay satisfaction, but not considering commitment. Unexpectedly, the effect on bonus satisfaction was mediated via relational psychological contracts.
Odd skipped-related 1 identifies a population of embryonic fibro-adipogenic progenitors regulating myogenesis during limb development
Authors: Vallecillo-García Pedro , Orgeur Mickael , vom Hofe-Schneider Sophie , Stumm Jürgen , Kappert Verena , Ibrahim Daniel M. , Börno Stefan T. , Hayashi Shinichiro , Relaix Frédéric , Hildebrandt Katrin , Sengle Gerhard , Koch Manuel , Timmermann Bernd , Marazzi Giovanna , Sassoon David A. , Duprez Delphine , Stricker Sigmar
Published: October 2017

Fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) are an interstitial cell population in adult skeletal muscle that support muscle regeneration. During development, interstitial muscle connective tissue (MCT) cells support proper muscle patterning, however the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood and it remains unclear whether adult FAPs and embryonic MCT cells share a common lineage. We show here that mouse embryonic limb MCT cells expressing the transcription factor Osr1, differentiate into fibrogenic and adipogenic cells in vivo and in vitro defining an embryonic FAP-like population. Genetic lineage tracing shows that developmental Osr1+ cells give rise to a subset of adult FAPs. Loss of Osr1 function leads to a reduction of myogenic progenitor proliferation and survival resulting in limb muscle patterning defects. Transcriptome and functional analyses reveal that Osr1+ cells provide a critical pro-myogenic niche via the production of MCT specific extracellular matrix components and secreted signaling factors.
A highly flexible and sensitive piezoresistive sensor based on MXene with greatly changed interlayer distances
Authors: Ma Yanan , Liu Nishuang , Li Luying , Hu Xiaokang , Zou Zhengguang , Wang Jianbo , Luo Shijun , Gao Yihua
Published: October 2017

Since the successful synthesis of the first MXenes, application developments of this new family of two-dimensional materials on energy storage, electromagnetic interference shielding, transparent conductive electrodes and field-effect transistors, and other applications have been widely reported. However, no one has found or used the basic characteristics of greatly changed interlayer distances of MXene under an external pressure for a real application. Here we report a highly flexible and sensitive piezoresistive sensor based on this essential characteristics. An in situ transmission electron microscopy study directly illustrates the characteristics of greatly changed interlayer distances under an external pressure, supplying the basic working mechanism for the piezoresistive sensor. The resultant device also shows high sensitivity (Gauge Factor ~ 180.1), fast response (<30 ms) and extraordinarily reversible compressibility. The MXene-based piezoresistive sensor can detect human being’s subtle bending-release activities and other weak pressure.
Earliest accumulation of β-amyloid occurs within the default-mode network and concurrently affects brain connectivity
Authors: Palmqvist Sebastian , Schöll Michael , Strandberg Olof , Mattsson Niklas , Stomrud Erik , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Landau Susan , Jagust William , Hansson Oskar
Published: October 2017

It is not known exactly where amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrils begin to accumulate in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recently, we showed that abnormal levels of Aβ42 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can be detected before abnormal amyloid can be detected using PET in individuals with preclinical AD. Using these approaches, here we identify the earliest preclinical AD stage in subjects from the ADNI and BioFINDER cohorts. We show that Aβ accumulation preferentially starts in the precuneus, medial orbitofrontal, and posterior cingulate cortices, i.e., several of the core regions of the default mode network (DMN). This early pattern of Aβ accumulation is already evident in individuals with normal Aβ42 in the CSF and normal amyloid PET who subsequently convert to having abnormal CSF Aβ42. The earliest Aβ accumulation is further associated with hypoconnectivity within the DMN and between the DMN and the frontoparietal network, but not with brain atrophy or glucose hypometabolism. Our results suggest that Aβ fibrils start to accumulate predominantly within certain parts of the DMN in preclinical AD and already then affect brain connectivity.
Fully inkjet-printed two-dimensional material field-effect heterojunctions for wearable and textile electronics
Authors: Carey Tian , Cacovich Stefania , Divitini Giorgio , Ren Jiesheng , Mansouri Aida , Kim Jong M. , Wang Chaoxia , Ducati Caterina , Sordan Roman , Torrisi Felice
Published: October 2017

Fully printed wearable electronics based on two-dimensional (2D) material heterojunction structures also known as heterostructures, such as field-effect transistors, require robust and reproducible printed multi-layer stacks consisting of active channel, dielectric and conductive contact layers. Solution processing of graphite and other layered materials provides low-cost inks enabling printed electronic devices, for example by inkjet printing. However, the limited quality of the 2D-material inks, the complexity of the layered arrangement, and the lack of a dielectric 2D-material ink able to operate at room temperature, under strain and after several washing cycles has impeded the fabrication of electronic devices on textile with fully printed 2D heterostructures. Here we demonstrate fully inkjet-printed 2D-material active heterostructures with graphene and hexagonal-boron nitride (h-BN) inks, and use them to fabricate all inkjet-printed flexible and washable field-effect transistors on textile, reaching a field-effect mobility of ~91 cm2 V−1 s−1, at low voltage (<5 V). This enables fully inkjet-printed electronic circuits, such as reprogrammable volatile memory cells, complementary inverters and OR logic gates.
Integrated Pound−Drever−Hall laser stabilization system in silicon
Authors: Idjadi Mohamad Hossein , Aflatouni Firooz
Published: October 2017

Low noise stable lasers have far-reaching applications in spectroscopy, communication, metrology and basic science. The Pound−Drever−Hall laser stabilization technique is widely used to stabilize different types of lasers in these areas. Here we report the demonstration of an integrated Pound−Drever−Hall system that can stabilize a low-cost laser to realize a compact inexpensive light source, which can ultimately impact many fields of science and engineering. We present an integrated architecture utilizing an electronically reconfigurable Mach−Zehnder interferometer as the frequency reference to reduce the frequency noise of semiconductor lasers by more than 25 dB and the relative Allan deviation by more than 12 times at 200 μs averaging time. Compared to the bench-top implementations, the integrated Pound−Drever−Hall system has significantly lower power consumption, less sensitivity to the environmental fluctuations and occupies an area of only 2.38 mm2. The photonic and electronic devices are integrated on a standard 180 nm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor silicon-on-insulator process.
Conformation transitions of the polypeptide-binding pocket support an active substrate release from Hsp70s
Authors: Yang Jiao , Zong Yinong , Su Jiayue , Li Hongtao , Zhu Huanyu , Columbus Linda , Zhou Lei , Liu Qinglian
Published: October 2017

Cellular protein homeostasis depends on heat shock proteins 70 kDa (Hsp70s), a class of ubiquitous and highly conserved molecular chaperone. Key to the chaperone activity is an ATP-induced allosteric regulation of polypeptide substrate binding and release. To illuminate the molecular mechanism of this allosteric coupling, here we present a novel crystal structure of an intact human BiP, an essential Hsp70 in ER, in an ATP-bound state. Strikingly, the polypeptide-binding pocket is completely closed, seemingly excluding any substrate binding. Our FRET, biochemical and EPR analysis suggests that this fully closed conformation is the major conformation for the ATP-bound state in solution, providing evidence for an active release of bound polypeptide substrates following ATP binding. The Hsp40 co-chaperone converts this fully closed conformation to an open conformation to initiate productive substrate binding. Taken together, this study provided a mechanistic understanding of the dynamic nature of the polypeptide-binding pocket in the Hsp70 chaperone cycle.
Structural determinants and functional consequences of protein affinity for membrane rafts
Authors: Lorent Joseph H. , Diaz-Rohrer Blanca , Lin Xubo , Spring Kevin , Gorfe Alemayehu A. , Levental Kandice R. , Levental Ilya
Published: October 2017

Eukaryotic plasma membranes are compartmentalized into functional lateral domains, including lipid-driven membrane rafts. Rafts are involved in most plasma membrane functions by selective recruitment and retention of specific proteins. However, the structural determinants of transmembrane protein partitioning to raft domains are not fully understood. Hypothesizing that protein transmembrane domains (TMDs) determine raft association, here we directly quantify raft affinity for dozens of TMDs. We identify three physical features that independently affect raft partitioning, namely TMD surface area, length, and palmitoylation. We rationalize these findings into a mechanistic, physical model that predicts raft affinity from the protein sequence. Application of these concepts to the human proteome reveals that plasma membrane proteins have higher raft affinity than those of intracellular membranes, consistent with raft-mediated plasma membrane sorting. Overall, our experimental observations and physical model establish general rules for raft partitioning of TMDs and support the central role of rafts in membrane traffic.
Functional mapping of brain synapses by the enriching activity-marker SynaptoZip
Authors: Ferro Mattia , Lamanna Jacopo , Ripamonti Maddalena , Racchetti Gabriella , Arena Alessandro , Spadini Sara , Montesano Giovanni , Cortese Riccardo , Zimarino Vincenzo , Malgaroli Antonio
Published: October 2017

Ideally, elucidating the role of specific brain circuits in animal behavior would require the ability to measure activity at all involved synapses, possibly with unrestricted field of view, thus even at those boutons deeply located into the brain. Here, we introduce and validate an efficient scheme reporting synaptic vesicle cycling in vivo. This is based on SynaptoZip, a genetically encoded molecule deploying in the vesicular lumen a bait moiety designed to capture upon exocytosis a labeled alien peptide, Synbond. The resulting signal is cumulative and stores the number of cycling events occurring at individual synapses. Since this functional signal is enduring and measurable both online and ex post, SynaptoZip provides a unique method for the analysis of the history of synaptic activity in regions several millimeters below the brain surface. We show its broad applicability by reporting stimulus-evoked and spontaneous circuit activity in wide cortical fields, in anesthetized and freely moving animals.
Anomalous elastic properties across the γ to α volume collapse in cerium
Authors: Lipp Magnus J. , Jenei Zs. , Cynn H. , Kono Y. , Park C. , Kenney-Benson C. , Evans W. J.
Published: October 2017

The behavior of the f-electrons in the lanthanides and actinides governs important macroscopic properties but their pressure and temperature dependence is not fully explored. Cerium with nominally just one 4f electron offers a case study with its iso-structural volume collapse from the γ-phase to the α-phase ending in a critical point (pC, VC, TC), unique among the elements, whose mechanism remains controversial. Here, we present longitudinal (cL) and transverse sound speeds (cT) versus pressure from higher than room temperature to TC for the first time. While cL experiences a non-linear dip at the volume collapse, cT shows a step-like change. This produces very peculiar macroscopic properties: the minimum in the bulk modulus becomes more pronounced, the step-like increase of the shear modulus diminishes and the Poisson’s ratio becomes negative—meaning that cerium becomes auxetic. At the critical point itself cerium lacks any compressive strength but offers resistance to shear.
Distributed optical fibre sensing for early detection of shallow landslides triggering
Authors: Schenato Luca , Palmieri Luca , Camporese Matteo , Bersan Silvia , Cola Simonetta , Pasuto Alessandro , Galtarossa Andrea , Salandin Paolo , Simonini Paolo
Published: October 2017

A distributed optical fibre sensing system is used to measure landslide-induced strains on an optical fibre buried in a large scale physical model of a slope. The fibre sensing cable is deployed at the predefined failure surface and interrogated by means of optical frequency domain reflectometry. The strain evolution is measured with centimetre spatial resolution until the occurrence of the slope failure. Standard legacy sensors measuring soil moisture and pore water pressure are installed at different depths and positions along the slope for comparison and validation. The evolution of the strain field is related to landslide dynamics with unprecedented resolution and insight. In fact, the results of the experiment clearly identify several phases within the evolution of the landslide and show that optical fibres can detect precursory signs of failure well before the collapse, paving the way for the development of more effective early warning systems.
Exacerbation of Ventilation-Induced Lung Injury and Inflammation in Preterm Lambs by High-Dose Nanoparticles
Authors: Inocencio Ishmael M. , Bischof Robert J. , Xiang Sue D. , Zahra Valerie A. , Nguyen Vy , Lim Tammy , LaRosa Domenic , Barbuto Jade , Tolcos Mary , Plebanski Magdalena , Polglase Graeme R. , Moss Timothy J.
Published: October 2017

Mechanical ventilation of preterm neonates causes lung inflammation and injury, with potential life-long consequences. Inert 50-nm polystyrene nanoparticles (PS50G) reduce allergic inflammation in the lungs of adult mice. We aimed to confirm the anti-inflammatory effects of PS50G in a sheep asthma model, and investigate the effects of prophylactic administration of PS50G on ventilation-induced lung injury (VILI) in preterm lambs. We assessed lung inflammatory cell infiltration, with and without PS50G, after airway allergen challenge in ewes sensitised to house dust mite. Preterm lambs (0.83 gestation) were delivered by caesarean section for immediate tissue collection (n = 5) or ventilation either with (n = 6) or without (n = 5) prophylactic intra-tracheal administration of PS50G nanoparticles (3% in 2 ml). Ventilation was continued for a total of 2 h before tissue collection for histological and biomolecular assessment of lung injury and inflammation. In ewes with experimental asthma, PS50G decreased eosinophilic infiltration of the lungs. Ventilated preterm lambs showed molecular and histological signs of lung injury and inflammation, which were exacerbated in lambs that received PSG50G. PS50G treatment decreased established inflammation in the lungs of asthmatic sheep. However, prophylactic administration of PSG50 exacerbated ventilation-induced lung injury and lung inflammation in preterm lambs.
In vivo near-infrared imaging of ErbB2 expressing breast tumors with dual-axes confocal endomicroscopy using a targeted peptide
Authors: Gao Zhenghong , Li Gaoming , Li Xue , Zhou Juan , Duan Xiyu , Chen Jing , Joshi Bishnu P. , Kuick Rork , Khoury Basma , Thomas Dafydd G. , Fields Tina , Sabel Michael S. , Appelman Henry D. , Zhou Quan , Li Haijun , Kozloff Ken , Wang Thomas D.
Published: October 2017

ErbB2 expression in early breast cancer can predict tumor aggressiveness and clinical outcomes in large patient populations. Accurate assessment with physical biopsy and conventional pathology can be limited by tumor heterogeneity. We aim to demonstrate real-time optical sectioning using a near-infrared labeled ErbB2 peptide that generates tumor-specific contrast in human xenograft breast tumorsin vivo. We used IRDye800CW as the fluorophore, validated performance characteristics for specific peptide binding to cellsin vitro, and investigated peak peptide uptake in tumors using photoacoustic tomography. We performed real-time optical imaging using a handheld dual-axes confocal fluorescence endomicroscope that collects light off-axis to reduce tissue scattering for greater imaging depths. Optical sections in either the vertical or horizontal plane were collected with sub-cellular resolution. Also, we found significantly greater peptide binding to pre-clinical xenograft breast cancerin vivoand to human specimens of invasive ductal carcinoma that express ErbB2ex vivo. We used a scrambled peptide for control. Peptide biodistribution showed high tumor uptake by comparison with other organs to support safety. This novel integrated imaging strategy is promising for visualizing ErbB2 expression in breast tumors and serve as an adjunct during surgery to improve diagnostic accuracy, identify tumor margins, and stage early cancers.
Microbes affected the TYLCCNV transmission rate by the Q biotype whitefly under high O3
Authors: Hong Yanyun , Yi Tuyong , Tan Xiaoling , Su Jianwei , Ge Feng
Published: October 2017

Ozone (O3) is a major air pollutant that has a profound effect on whole ecosystems. In this study we studied how hO3 affected the transmission of theTomato yellow leaf curl China virus(TYLCCNV), a begomovirus, by the Q biotypeBemisia tabaciin a persistent, circulative manner. We found hO3 affected the transmission ofTYLCCNVvia the effect of it on the microbial community of the transmitting insect, such asCandidatus Hamiltonella,Ralstonia,Diaphorobacter,Caldilineaceae,Deinococcus,Rickettsia,Thysanophora penicillioidesandWallemia ichthyophaga. We concluded that hO3decreased the resistance of acquiring virus tomatoes, and decreased the immune response and increased the endurance to extreme environments of viruliferous whiteflies by altering the composition and abundance of the microbial environments inside the body and on the surface of whitefly, as a result, it enhanced the TYLCV transmission rate by the Q biotype whitefly.
Elastic evolution of a self-healing ionomer observed via acoustic and ultrasonic resonant spectroscopy
Authors: Pestka K. A. , Buckley J. D. , Kalista S. J. , Bowers N. R.
Published: October 2017

Self-healing poly (ethylene co-methacrylic acid) ionomers (EMAA) are thermoplastic materials that when punctured, cut, shot or damaged in a variety of ways, are capable of autonomously reorganizing their physical structure to heal and, in many instances, permanently seal the damaged location. However, a complete picture of the mechanisms responsible for their unusual behavior is not well understood. In this article we report the observation of time dependent acoustic and ultrasonic spectral evolution, measured using resonant acoustic and ultrasonic spectroscopy, for both pre and post-damage EMAA samples. The results provide a means to differentiate healing phases, quantify healing timescales, and potentially elucidate the composition parameters that most significantly impact healing behavior.
Low dose doxycycline decreases systemic inflammation and improves glycemic control, lipid profiles, and islet morphology and function in db/db mice
Authors: Wang Na , Tian Xiong , Chen Yu , Tan Hui-qi , Xie Pei-jian , Chen Shao-jun , Fu Yu-cai , Chen Yi-xin , Xu Wen-can , Wei Chi-ju
Published: October 2017

The aim of this study was to determine whether low dose doxycycline as an anti-inflammatory agent could improve glucose metabolism in diabetic animals. Therefore, doxycycline was supplemented in drinking water to 6-week-old male db/db mice for 10 weeks. Doxycycline reduced perirenal/epididymal fat, Lee’s index, and liver cholesterol. Blood HDL-cholesterol increased, but total cholesterol and aspartate transaminase decreased. Glucose and insulin tolerances were improved, accompanying with reduced fasting blood glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and advanced glycation end products. Islet number, β-cell percentage and mass increased, while islet size decreased. Consistently, less apoptosis but more β-cell proliferation were found in islets of treated mice. Freshly isolated islets from treated mice showed higher insulin content and enhanced glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). In addition, purified islets of Balb/c mice showed increased GSIS after cultivation in vitro with doxycycline, but not with chloramphenicol and levofloxacin. Inflammation markers, including lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in serum as well as CD68-positive cells in treated islets, decreased significantly. Finally, LPS stimulated the production of inflammatory factors but inhibited GSIS of MIN6 cells; however, the effects were completely reversed by doxycycline. The results support further study of possible long-term usage of sub-antimicrobial doxycycline in diabetic patients.
Quantitative proteomic Analysis Reveals up-regulation of caveolin-1 in FOXP3-overexpressed human gastric cancer cells
Authors: Pan Duyi , Gao Jing , Zeng Xiaoqing , Ma Guifen , Li Na , Huang Xiaoquan , Du Xuanling , Miao Qing , Lian Jingjing , Xu Lili , Zhou Hu , Chen Shiyao
Published: October 2017

Forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) is implicated in tumor progression and prognosis in various types of tumor cells. We have recently reported that FOXP3 inhibited proliferation of gastric cancer (GC) cells through activating the apoptotic signaling pathway. In this study, we found that over-expression of FOXP3 inhibited GC cell migration, invasion and proliferation. Then, the label-free quantitative proteomic approach was employed to further investigating the down-stream proteins regulated by FOXP3, resulting in a total of 3,978 proteins quantified, including 186 significantly changed proteins. Caveolin-1 (CAV1), as a main constituent protein of caveolae, was one of those changed proteins up-regulated in FOXP3-overexpressed GC cells, moreover, it was assigned as one of the node proteins in the protein-protein interaction network and the key protein involved in focal adhesion pathway by bioinformatics analysis. Further biological experiments confirmed that FOXP3 directly bound to the promoter regions of CAV1 to positively regulate CAV1 transcription in GC cells. In summary, our study suggested that FOXP3 can be considered as a tumor suppressor in GC via positively regulating CAV1 through transcriptional activation, and this FOXP3-CAV1 transcriptional regulation axis may play an important role in inhibiting invasion and metastasis of GC cells. Data are available via ProteomeXchange under identifier PXD007725.
Reversible tuning of magnetocaloric Ni-Mn-Ga-Co films on ferroelectric PMN-PT substrates
Authors: Schleicher Benjamin , Niemann Robert , Schwabe Stefan , Hühne Ruben , Schultz Ludwig , Nielsch Kornelius , Fähler Sebastian
Published: October 2017

Tuning functional properties of thin caloric films by mechanical stress is currently of high interest. In particular, a controllable magnetisation or transition temperature is desired for improved usability in magnetocaloric devices. Here, we present results of epitaxial magnetocaloric Ni-Mn-Ga-Co thin films on ferroelectric Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.72Ti0.28O3 (PMN-PT) substrates. Utilizing X-ray diffraction measurements, we demonstrate that the strain induced in the substrate by application of an electric field can be transferred to the thin film, resulting in a change of the lattice parameters. We examined the consequences of this strain on the magnetic properties of the thin film by temperature- and electric field-dependent measurements. We did not observe a change of martensitic transformation temperature but a reversible change of magnetisation within the austenitic state, which we attribute to the intrinsic magnetic instability of this metamagnetic Heusler alloy. We demonstrate an electric field-controlled entropy change of about 31 % of the magnetocaloric effect - without any hysteresis.
Postural Screening for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis with Infrared Thermography
Authors: Kwok Garcia , Yip Joanne , Yick Kit-Lun , Cheung Mei-Chun , Tse Chi-Yung , Ng Sun-Pui , Luximon Ameersing
Published: October 2017

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a multifactorial, three-dimensional deformity of the spine and trunk. School scoliosis screening (SSS) is recommended by researchers as a means of early detection of AIS to prevent its progression in school-aged children. The traditional screening technique for AIS is the forward bending test because it is simple, non-invasive and inexpensive. Other tests, such as the use of Moiré topography, have reduced the high false referral rates. The use of infrared (IR) thermography for screening purposes based on the findings of previous studies on the asymmetrical paraspinal muscle activity of scoliotic patients compared with non-scoliotic subjects was explored in this study. IR thermography is performed with an IR camera to determine the temperature differences in paraspinal muscle activity. A statistical analysis showed that scoliotic subjects demonstrate a statistically significant difference between the left and right sides of the regions of interest. This difference could be due to the higher IR emission of the convex side of the observed area, thereby creating a higher temperature distribution. The findings of this study suggest the feasibility of incorporating IR thermography as part of SSS. However, future studies could also consider a larger sample of both non-scoliotic and scoliotic subjects to further validate the findings.
Innervation of the lophophore suggests that the phoronid Phoronis ovalis is a link between phoronids and bryozoans
Authors: Temereva Elena N.
Published: October 2017

The validity of the Lophophorata as a monophyletic group remains controversial. New data on the innervation of the lophophore, which is a unique feature of the lophophorates, may help clarify the status of the Lophophorata and provide new information on the early evolution of the group. In this paper, the organization of the nervous system of the lophophore is described in adults of the minute phoronid Phoronis ovalis. The lophophore nervous system includes a dorsal ganglion, a tentacular nerve ring, an inner ganglion, an inner nerve ring, and six nerves in each tentacle. The inner ganglion and inner nerve ring, which is associated with sensory cells, are described for the first time in adult phoronids. The general plan of the nervous system of the lophophore and tentacles is similar in P. ovalis and bryozoans. These new results suggest the presence of two nerve centers and two nerve rings in the last common ancestor of phoronids and bryozoans. During evolution, bryozoans may have lost the outer nerve center and outer nerve ring, whereas phoronids may have lost the inner nerve center and inner nerve ring. These morphological results evidence the lophophorates are monophyletic.
Nature of collective decision-making by simple yes/no decision units
Authors: Hasegawa Eisuke , Mizumoto Nobuaki , Kobayashi Kazuya , Dobata Shigeto , Yoshimura Jin , Watanabe Saori , Murakami Yuuka , Matsuura Kenji
Published: October 2017

The study of collective decision-making spans various fields such as brain and behavioural sciences, economics, management sciences, and artificial intelligence. Despite these interdisciplinary applications, little is known regarding how a group of simple ‘yes/no’ units, such as neurons in the brain, can select the best option among multiple options. One prerequisite for achieving such correct choices by the brain is correct evaluation of relative option quality, which enables a collective decision maker to efficiently choose the best option. Here, we applied a sensory discrimination mechanism using yes/no units with differential thresholds to a model for making a collective choice among multiple options. The performance corresponding to the correct choice was shown to be affected by various parameters. High performance can be achieved by tuning the threshold distribution with the options’ quality distribution. The number of yes/no units allocated to each option and its variability profoundly affects performance. When this variability is large, a quorum decision becomes superior to a majority decision under some conditions. The general features of this collective decision-making by a group of simple yes/no units revealed in this study suggest that this mechanism may be useful in applications across various fields.
Cross platform analysis of transcriptomic data identifies ageing has distinct and opposite effects on tendon in males and females
Authors: Pease Louise I. , Clegg Peter D. , Proctor Carole J. , Shanley Daryl J. , Cockell Simon J. , Peffers Mandy J.
Published: October 2017

The development of tendinopathy is influenced by a variety of factors including age, gender, sex hormones and diabetes status. Cross platform comparative analysis of transcriptomic data elucidated the connections between these entities in the context of ageing. Tissue-engineered tendons differentiated from bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells from young (20–24 years) and old (54–70 years) donors were assayed using ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-seq). Extension of the experiment to microarray and RNA-seq data from tendon identified gender specific gene expression changes highlighting disparity with existing literature and published pathways. Separation of RNA-seq data by sex revealed underlying negative binomial distributions which increased statistical power. Sex specificde novotranscriptome assemblies generated fewer larger transcripts that contained miRNAs, lincRNAs and snoRNAs. The results identify that in old males decreased expression of CRABP2 leads to cell proliferation, whereas in old females it leads to cellular senescence. In conjunction with existing literature the results explain gender disparity in the development and types of degenerative diseases as well as highlighting a wide range of considerations for the analysis of transcriptomic data. Wider implications are that degenerative diseases may need to be treated differently in males and females because alternative mechanisms may be involved.
Calpain Inhibition Attenuates Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Fibrosis in Diet-induced Obese Mice
Authors: Muniappan Latha , Javidan Aida , Jiang Weihua , Mohammadmoradi Shayan , Moorleghen Jessica J. , Katz Wendy S. , Balakrishnan Anju , Howatt Deborah A. , Subramanian Venkateswaran
Published: October 2017

Adipose tissue macrophages have been proposed as a link between obesity and insulin resistance. However, the mechanisms underlying these processes are not completely defined. Calpains are calcium-dependent neutral cysteine proteases that modulate cellular function and have been implicated in various inflammatory diseases. To define whether activated calpains influence diet-induced obesity and adipose tissue macrophage accumulation, mice that were either wild type (WT) or overexpressing calpastatin (CAST Tg), the endogenous inhibitor of calpains were fed with high (60% kcal) fat diet for 16 weeks. CAST overexpression did not influence high fat diet-induced body weight and fat mass gain throughout the study. Calpain inhibition showed a transient improvement in glucose tolerance at 5 weeks of HFD whereas it lost this effect on glucose and insulin tolerance at 16 weeks HFD in obese mice. However, CAST overexpression significantly reduced adipocyte apoptosis, adipose tissue collagen and macrophage accumulation as detected by TUNEL, Picro Sirius and F4/80 immunostaining, respectively. CAST overexpression significantly attenuated obesity-induced inflammatory responses in adipose tissue. Furthermore, calpain inhibition suppressed macrophage migration to adipose tissue in vitro. The present study demonstrates a pivotal role for calpains in mediating HFD-induced adipose tissue remodeling by influencing multiple functions including apoptosis, fibrosis and inflammation.
Activation of Fas/FasL pathway and the role of c-FLIP in primary culture of human cholangiocarcinoma cells
Authors: Carnevale Gianluca , Carpino Guido , Cardinale Vincenzo , Pisciotta Alessandra , Riccio Massimo , Bertoni Laura , Gibellini Lara , De Biasi Sara , Nevi Lorenzo , Costantini Daniele , Overi Diletta , Cossarizza Andrea , de Pol Anto , Gaudio Eugenio , Alvaro Domenico
Published: October 2017

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) represents a heterogeneous group of malignancies emerging from the biliary tree, often in the context of chronic bile ducts inflammation. The immunological features of iCCA cells and their capability to control the lymphocytes response have not yet been investigated. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the interaction between iCCA cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the role of Fas/FasL in modulating T-cells and NK-cells response after direct co-culture. iCCA cells express high levels of Fas and FasL that increase after co-culture with PBMCs inducing apoptosis in CD4+, CD8+T-cells and in CD56+NK-cells.In vitro, c-FLIP is expressed in iCCA cells and the co-culture with PBMCs induces an increase of c-FLIP in both iCCA cells and biliary tree stem cells. This c-FLIP increase does not trigger the caspase cascade, thus hindering apoptotis of iCCA cells which, instead, underwent proliferation. The increased expression of Fas, FasL and c-FLIP is confirmedin situ, in human CCA and in primary sclerosing cholangitis. In conclusion our data indicated that iCCA cells have immune-modulatory properties by which they induce apoptosis of T and NK cells, via Fas/FasL pathway, and escape inflammatory response by up-regulating c-FLIP system.
Effects of Sad and Happy Music on Mind-Wandering and the Default Mode Network
Authors: Taruffi Liila , Pehrs Corinna , Skouras Stavros , Koelsch Stefan
Published: October 2017

Music is a ubiquitous phenomenon in human cultures, mostly due to its power to evoke and regulate emotions. However, effects of music evoking different emotional experiences such as sadness and happiness on cognition, and in particular on self-generated thought, are unknown. Here we use probe-caught thought sampling and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the influence of sad and happy music on mind-wandering and its underlying neuronal mechanisms. In three experiments we found that sad music, compared with happy music, is associated with stronger mind-wandering (Experiments 1A and 1B) and greater centrality of the nodes of the Default Mode Network (DMN) (Experiment 2). Thus, our results demonstrate that, when listening to sad vs. happy music, people withdraw their attention inwards and engage in spontaneous, self-referential cognitive processes. Importantly, our results also underscore that DMN activity can be modulated as a function of sad and happy music. These findings call for a systematic investigation of the relation between music and thought, having broad implications for the use of music in education and clinical settings.
Different Effects of Thiazolidinediones on In-Stent Restenosis and Target Lesion Revascularization after PCI: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Zhou Xinbin , Chen Shenjie , Zhu Min , Hua Junyi , Dai Jin , Xu Xiaoming , Qiu Yuangang , Mao Wei
Published: October 2017

In-stent restenosis (ISR) remains the leading problem encountered after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) has been shown to be associated with reduced ISR and target lesion revascularization (TLR); however, the results are inconsistent, especially between rosiglitazone and pioglitazone. In this study, fourteen RCTs with a total of 1350 patients were finally included through a systematical literature search of Embase, Pubmed, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to January 31, 2017. The follow-up duration of the included trials ranged from 6 months to 18 months. The results demonstrated that TZDs treatment is associated with significantly reduced risk of TLR (RR:0.45, 95%CI 0.30 to 0.67 for pioglitazone, RR:0.68, 95%CI 0.46 to 1.00 for rosiglitazone). Pioglitazone is associated with significantly reduced risks of ISR (RR:0.47, 95%CI 0.27 to 0.81), major adverse cardiac events (MACE) (RR:0.44, 95%CI 0.30 to 0.64) and neointimal area (SMD: −0.585, 95%CI −0.910 to −0.261). No significant relationship was observed between rosiglitazone and ISR (RR:0.91, 95%CI 0.39 to 2.12), MACE (RR:0.73, 95%CI 0.53 to 1.00) and neointimal area (SMD: −0.164, 95%CI −1.146 to 0.818). This meta-analysis demonstrated that TZDs treatment is associated with significant reduction in ISR, TLR and MACE for patients after PCI. Pioglitazone treatment seems to have more beneficial effects than rosiglitazone and no significantly increased cardiovascular risk was detected for both agents.