bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cationic cellulose filter papers modified with ZnO/Ag/GO nanocomposite as point of use gravity-driven filters for bacterial removal from water
Authors: Ghaffari Seyed-Behnam , Sarrafzadeh Mohammad-Hossein
Published: December 2023

The surface modification of filters with large pore sizes for the development of low-cost gravity-driven point-of-use (POU) technologies for water disinfection can be an effective strategy to empower people to access safe water instantly, especially in low- and middle-income countries. In this study, the surface of commercial cellulose filter papers, as cheap and bio-based filters, was modified with polydopamine (PDA), polyethyleneimine (PEI) and ZnO/Ag/GO nanocomposite (ZnO/Ag/GO@PDA/PEI papers) for bacterial removal from water. PDA/PEI incorporation introduced a cationic functional layer, which can entrap negative bacteria and make a stable chemical bond with the nanocomposite. ZnO/Ag/GO exhibited promising synergistic antibacterial activities (30 times stronger than ZnO). As a result, 3 sheets of ZnO/Ag/GO@PDA/PEI papers showed a 99.98% bacterial reduction (E. coli), which met the WHO standards. Moreover, the leached zinc and silver in the filtrate were far below the WHO’s limits (380 and 10 ppb, respectively). The results showed that the modified papers could be reused multiple times. After six times of reuse, the flow rate dropped slightly (below 20%) and the bacterial removal efficiency was more than 99.9%. This study is valuable for developing filters for treating bacterial-contaminated water on-site with no need for energy, which is a demand in many countries.
Fourier tools for the evaluation of refractive multifocal designs
Authors: De Gracia Pablo
Published: December 2023

This paper presents innovative tools and methodologies for the theoretical assessment of optical properties in refractive multifocal designs. Utilizing lens segmentation techniques and classical Fourier optics, these tools can be of help evaluating multifocal contact lenses, intraocular lenses, small aperture designs, and corneal inlays. As an example of their utility, this study presents the through-focus Visual Strehl ratios in the frequency domain of 12 multifocal contact lenses from four companies, derived from the sagittal power profiles obtained with a NIMO equipment (LAMBDA-X) for three base prescriptions (− 6.00 D, − 3.00 D, and + 1.00 D). The contact lenses are also assessed alongside higher-order aberrations obtained from 65 eyes, measured using a Wavefront Sciences Complete Ophthalmic Analysis System (AMO). Diameter variations, corresponding to individual pupil sizes (2.45–6.27 mm), were considered in the evaluation. These novel tools enable the theoretical evaluation of multifocal solutions without the need for prototypes. In the case examples presented, they differentiate between lenses tailored for different presbyopic age groups, offer guidance on optimizing hyperfocal distance in contact lens design, and underscore the relevance of the effective aperture effect. Notably, this paper introduces the pioneering conversion of sagittal powers of multifocal solutions into an equivalent wavefront and optical quality metric, with potential applications in myopia control assessments. The author hopes that readers recognize and utilize these tools to advance the field of refractive multifocality.
Analysis of fracture-related infections from Swedish insurance claims between 2011 and 2021
Authors: Khalili Pendar , Tevell Staffan , Fischer Per , Hailer Nils P. , Wolf Olof
Published: December 2023

Fracture-related infections (FRI) pose a serious complication with an incidence of 1–2%. This study aimed to analyze compensation claims submitted to The Swedish National Patient Insurance Company (LÖF) because of FRI after closed/open reduction and internal fixation (C/ORIF) in the four most common fracture sites (proximal humerus, distal radius, hip, ankle). Patients registered in the LÖF database with a suspected FRI between 2011 and 2021 were identified by matching International Classification of Diseases and procedural codes indicative of a combination of fractures to the proximal humerus, distal radius, hip and ankle, C/ORIF and infection. Medical records were reviewed for fracture sites, pathogens and complications. Data from the Swedish Fracture Register (SFR) were extracted to estimate the proportion of reported claims to the presumed number of FRI. Of 122 FRI identified in the LÖF database, 34 were after C/ORIF in the proximal humerus, 12 in the distal radius, 28 in the hip and 48 in the ankle. LÖF compensated 111 patients (91%). Median time from C/ORIF to an FRI was 3 weeks (interquartile range 2–6), and 95% of all FRI occurred within 1 year after C/ORIF. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen in patients with a distal radius, hip and ankle FRI. In contrast, Cutibacterium spp. were the most common aetiology in FRI of the proximal humerus. The total number of fractures treated with C/ORIF in the four fracture sites registered in the SFR during 2021 was 18,711. Most of the FRI patients were diagnosed within the first year after C/ORIF, and 91% of the patients received compensation. Given an expected FRI incidence of 1–2%, our estimates with extrapolated data from the SFR indicate that < 10% of affected patients applied for compensation.
A retrospective study on machine learning-assisted stroke recognition for medical helpline calls
Authors: Wenstrup Jonathan , Havtorn Jakob Drachmann , Borgholt Lasse , Blomberg Stig Nikolaj , Maaloe Lars , Sayre Michael R. , Christensen Hanne , Kruuse Christina , Christensen Helle Collatz
Published: December 2023

Advanced stroke treatment is time-dependent and, therefore, relies on recognition by call-takers at prehospital telehealth services to ensure fast hospitalisation. This study aims to develop and assess the potential of machine learning in improving prehospital stroke recognition during medical helpline calls. We used calls from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2020 in Copenhagen to develop a machine learning-based classification pipeline. Calls from 2021 are used for testing. Calls are first transcribed using an automatic speech recognition model and then categorised as stroke or non-stroke using a text classification model. Call-takers achieve a sensitivity of 52.7% (95% confidence interval 49.2–56.4%) with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 17.1% (15.5–18.6%). The machine learning framework performs significantly better (p < 0.0001) with a sensitivity of 63.0% (62.0–64.1%) and a PPV of 24.9% (24.3–25.5%). Thus, a machine learning framework for recognising stroke in prehospital medical helpline calls may become a supportive tool for call-takers, aiding in early and accurate stroke recognition.
Discovery and characterization of genes conferring natural resistance to the antituberculosis antibiotic capreomycin
Authors: Toh Shu-Ing , Elaine Keisha Johan , Wang Yung-Lin , Pan Yi-Chi , Jhu Yu-Heng , Hsiao Po-Yun , Liao Wen-Ting , Chen Po-Yuan , Ko Tai-Ming , Chang Chin-Yuan
Published: December 2023

Metagenomic-based studies have predicted an extraordinary number of potential antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs). These ARGs are hidden in various environmental bacteria and may become a latent crisis for antibiotic therapy via horizontal gene transfer. In this study, we focus on a resistance gene cph, which encodes a phosphotransferase (Cph) that confers resistance to the antituberculosis drug capreomycin (CMN). Sequence Similarity Network (SSN) analysis classified 353 Cph homologues into five major clusters, where the proteins in cluster I were found in a broad range of actinobacteria. We examine the function and antibiotics targeted by three putative resistance proteins in cluster I via biochemical and protein structural analysis. Our findings reveal that these three proteins in cluster I confer resistance to CMN, highlighting an important aspect of CMN resistance within this gene family. This study contributes towards understanding the sequence-structure-function relationships of the phosphorylation resistance genes that confer resistance to CMN.
The ER membrane protein complex restricts mitophagy by controlling BNIP3 turnover
Authors: Delgado Jose M , Shepard Logan Wallace , Lamson Sarah W , Liu Samantha L , Shoemaker Christopher J
Published: December 2023

Lysosomal degradation of autophagy receptors is a common proxy for selective autophagy. However, we find that two established mitophagy receptors, BNIP3 and BNIP3L/NIX, are constitutively delivered to lysosomes in an autophagy-independent manner. This alternative lysosomal delivery of BNIP3 accounts for nearly all its lysosome-mediated degradation, even upon mitophagy induction. To identify how BNIP3, a tail-anchored protein in the outer mitochondrial membrane, is delivered to lysosomes, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR screen for factors influencing BNIP3 flux. This screen revealed both known modifiers of BNIP3 stability as well as a pronounced reliance on endolysosomal components, including the ER membrane protein complex (EMC). Importantly, the endolysosomal system and the ubiquitin–proteosome system regulated BNIP3 independently. Perturbation of either mechanism is sufficient to modulate BNIP3-associated mitophagy and affect underlying cellular physiology. More broadly, these findings extend recent models for tail-anchored protein quality control and install endosomal trafficking and lysosomal degradation in the canon of pathways that tightly regulate endogenous tail-anchored protein localization.
Using CombiCells, a platform for titration and combinatorial display of cell surface ligands, to study T-cell antigen sensitivity modulation by accessory receptors
Authors: Patel Ashna , Andre Violaine , Eguiguren Sofia Bustamante , Barton Michael I , Burton Jake , Denham Eleanor M , Pettmann Johannes , Mørch Alexander M , Kutuzov Mikhail A , Siller-Farfán Jesús A , Dustin Michael L , van der Merwe P Anton , Dushek Omer
Published: December 2023

Understanding cellular decisions due to receptor–ligand interactions at cell–cell interfaces has been hampered by the difficulty of independently varying the surface density of multiple different ligands. Here, we express the synthetic binder protein SpyCatcher, designed to form spontaneous covalent bonds with interactors carrying a Spytag, on the cell surface. Using this, we show that addition of different concentrations and combinations of native Spytag-fused ligands allows for the combinatorial display of ligands on cells within minutes. We use this combinatorial display of cell surface ligands—called CombiCells—to assess T cell antigen sensitivity and the impact of T cell co-stimulation and co-inhibition receptors. We find that the T cell receptor (TCR) displayed greater sensitivity to peptides on major-histocompatibility complexes (pMHC) than synthetic chimeric antigen receptor (CARs) and bi-specific T cell engager (BiTEs) display to their target antigen, CD19. While TCR sensitivity was greatly enhanced by CD2/CD58 interactions, CAR sensitivity was primarily but more modestly enhanced by LFA-1/ICAM-1 interactions. Lastly, we show that PD-1/PD-L1 engagement inhibited T cell activation triggered solely by TCR/pMHC interactions, as well as the amplified activation induced by CD2 and CD28 co-stimulation. The ability to easily produce cells with different concentrations and combinations of ligands should accelerate the study of receptor–ligand interactions at cell–cell interfaces.
TTLL12 is required for primary ciliary axoneme formation in polarized epithelial cells
Authors: Ceglowski Julia , Hoffman Huxley K , Neumann Andrew J , Hoff Katie J , McCurdy Bailey L , Moore Jeffrey K , Prekeris Rytis
Published: December 2023

The primary cilium is a critical sensory organelle that is built of axonemal microtubules ensheathed by a ciliary membrane. In polarized epithelial cells, primary cilia reside on the apical surface and must extend these microtubules directly into the extracellular space and remain a stable structure. However, the factors regulating cross-talk between ciliation and cell polarization, as well as axonemal microtubule growth and stabilization in polarized epithelia, are not fully understood. In this study, we find TTLL12, a previously uncharacterized member of the Tubulin Tyrosine Ligase-Like (TTLL) family, localizes to the base of primary cilia and is required for cilia formation in polarized renal epithelial cells. We also show that TTLL12 directly binds to the α/β-tubulin heterodimer in vitro and regulates microtubule dynamics, stability, and post-translational modifications (PTMs). While all other TTLLs catalyze the addition of glutamate or glycine to microtubule C-terminal tails, TTLL12 uniquely affects tubulin PTMs by promoting both microtubule lysine acetylation and arginine methylation. Together, this work identifies a novel microtubule regulator and provides insight into the requirements for apical extracellular axoneme formation.
Inflammasomes as regulators of mechano-immunity
Authors: Bezbradica Jelena S , Bryant Clare E
Published: December 2023

Mechano-immunity, the intersection between cellular or tissue mechanics and immune cell function, is emerging as an important factor in many inflammatory diseases. Mechano-sensing defines how cells detect mechanical changes in their environment. Mechano-response defines how cells adapt to such changes, e.g. form synapses, signal or migrate. Inflammasomes are intracellular immune sensors that detect changes in tissue and cell homoeostasis during infection or injury. We and others recently found that mechano-sensing of tissue topology (swollen tissue), topography (presence and distribution of foreign solid implant) or biomechanics (stiffness), alters inflammasome activity. Once activated, inflammasomes induce the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, but also change cellular mechanical properties, which influence how cells move, change their shape, and interact with other cells. When overactive, inflammasomes lead to chronic inflammation. This clearly places inflammasomes as important players in mechano-immunity. Here, we discuss a model whereby inflammasomes integrate pathogen- and tissue-injury signals, with changes in tissue mechanics, to shape the downstream inflammatory responses and allow cell and tissue mechano-adaptation. We will review the emerging evidence that supports this model.
MTCH2 cooperates with MFN2 and lysophosphatidic acid synthesis to sustain mitochondrial fusion
Authors: Goldman Andres , Mullokandov Michael , Zaltsman Yehudit , Regev Limor , Levin-Zaidman Smadar , Gross Atan
Published: December 2023

Fusion of the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) is regulated by mitofusin 1 (MFN1) and 2 (MFN2), yet the differential contribution of each of these proteins is less understood. Mitochondrial carrier homolog 2 (MTCH2) also plays a role in mitochondrial fusion, but its exact function remains unresolved. MTCH2 overexpression enforces MFN2-independent mitochondrial fusion, proposedly by modulating the phospholipid lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), which is synthesized by glycerol-phosphate acyl transferases (GPATs) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the OMM. Here we report that MTCH2 requires MFN1 to enforce mitochondrial fusion and that fragmentation caused by loss of MTCH2 can be specifically counterbalanced by overexpression of MFN2 but not MFN1, partially independent of its GTPase activity and mitochondrial localization. Pharmacological inhibition of GPATs (GPATi) or silencing ER-resident GPATs suppresses MFN2’s ability to compensate for the loss of MTCH2. Loss of either MTCH2, MFN2, or GPATi does not impair stress-induced mitochondrial fusion, whereas the combined loss of MTCH2 and GPATi or the combined loss of MTCH2 and MFN2 does. Taken together, we unmask two cooperative mechanisms that sustain mitochondrial fusion.
NME4 mediates metabolic reprogramming and promotes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease progression
Authors: Xie Shaofang , Yuan Lei , Sui Yue , Feng Shan , Li Hengle , Li Xu
Published: December 2023

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is mainly characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the liver, and it is associated with liver-related complications and adverse systemic diseases. NAFLD has become the most prevalent liver disease; however, effective therapeutic agents for NAFLD are still lacking. We combined clinical data with proteomics and metabolomics data, and found that the mitochondrial nucleoside diphosphate kinase NME4 plays a central role in mitochondrial lipid metabolism. Nme4 is markedly upregulated in mice fed with high-fat diet, and its expression is positively correlated with the level of steatosis. Hepatic deletion of Nme4 suppresses the progression of hepatic steatosis. Further studies demonstrated that NME4 interacts with several key enzymes in coenzyme A (CoA) metabolism and increases the level of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA, which are the major lipid components of the liver in NAFLD. Increased level of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA  lead to increased triglyceride levels and lipid accumulation in the liver. Taken together, these findings reveal that NME4 is a critical regulator of NAFLD progression and a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD.
TMEM25 is a Par3-binding protein that attenuates claudin assembly during tight junction development
Authors: Kamakura Sachiko , Hayase Junya , Kohda Akira , Iwakiri Yuko , Chishiki Kanako , Izaki Tomoko , Sumimoto Hideki
Published: December 2023

The tight junction (TJ) in epithelial cells is formed by integral membrane proteins and cytoplasmic scaffolding proteins. The former contains the claudin family proteins with four transmembrane segments, while the latter includes Par3, a PDZ domain-containing adaptor that organizes TJ formation. Here we show the single membrane-spanning protein TMEM25 localizes to TJs in epithelial cells and binds to Par3 via a PDZ-mediated interaction with its C-terminal cytoplasmic tail. TJ development during epithelial cell polarization is accelerated by depletion of TMEM25, and delayed by overexpression of TMEM25 but not by that of a C-terminally deleted protein, indicating a regulatory role of TMEM25. TMEM25 associates via its N-terminal extracellular domain with claudin-1 and claudin-2 to suppress their cis- and trans-oligomerizations, both of which participate in TJ strand formation. Furthermore, Par3 attenuates TMEM25–claudin association via binding to TMEM25, implying its ability to affect claudin oligomerization. Thus, the TJ protein TMEM25 appears to negatively regulate claudin assembly in TJ formation, which regulation is modulated by its interaction with Par3.
A copper metal–organic framework-based electrochemical sensor for identification of glutathione in pharmaceutical samples
Authors: Kaimal Reshma , Dube Aashutosh , Souwaileh Abdullah Al , Wu Jerry J. , Anandan Sambandam
Published: December 2023

The construction of a new electrochemical sensing platform based on a copper metal–organic framework (Cu-MOF) heterostructure is described in this paper.
Frustrated π-stacking
Authors: Zhang Hui-Jun , Wei Yifei , Lin Jianbin
Published: December 2023

This article introduces the concept of “frustrated π-stacking,” strategically balancing attractive (π–π interaction) and repulsive (steric hindrance) forces in self-assembly to exert control over the sizes, sequences of π-stacks, and slip-stacked structures.
Conversion-intercalation competing behaviour of halogen storage on graphite electrode from fluid ZnCl2/ZnBr2 hydrates
Authors: Xu Shiguan , Shen Lin , Wang Xiaoxu , Gu Shaonan , Sun Wei , Huang Yuhao
Published: December 2023

The macroscopic electrode reaction depends on both the ion-pair solvation state at the graphite–electrolyte interface and the subsequent reactant supply influenced by the electrode reaction rate.
Fluorescent molecular rotors detect O6-methylguanine dynamics and repair in duplex DNA
Authors: Copp William , Karimi Ashkan , Yang Tianxiao , Guarné Alba , Luedtke Nathan W.
Published: December 2023

Alkylation at the O6 position of guanine is a common and highly mutagenic form of DNA damage. Here, dynamic changes in fluorescence from a molecular rotor base analogue are used to track O6 alkylation and repair in duplex DNA.
A Ru-catalyzed desulfonylative C-arylation of O-tosyl-hydroxamates
Authors: Li Guobao , Lübken Tilo , Plietker Bernd
Published: December 2023

Benzylic amines are obtained via a direct Ru-catalyzed aminomethylation of aromatic substrates.
Leak-out spectroscopy as alternative method to rare-gas tagging for the Renner–Teller perturbed HCCH+ and DCCD+ ions
Authors: Steenbakkers Kim , van Boxtel Tom , Groenenboom Gerrit C. , Asvany Oskar , Redlich Britta , Schlemmer Stephan , Brünken Sandra
Published: December 2023

Vibronic coupling effects in the low-lying bending modes of the open-shell linear ions HCCH+ and DCCD+ have been investigated using cryogenic infrared action spectroscopy in combination with a free electron laser.
Wide-angle camouflage detectors by manipulating emissivity using a non-reciprocal metasurface array
Authors: Zhang Bowei , Wang Bin , Chamoli Sandeep Kumar
Published: December 2023

Reciprocal vs. non-reciprocal metasurfaces: magnetic field alters light absorption and emission. Nonreciprocal surfaces redirect light for camouflage and efficient detectors in +θ and −θ directions.
Economical quasi-Newton unitary optimization of electronic orbitals
Authors: Slattery Samuel A. , Surjuse Kshitijkumar A. , Peterson Charles C. , Penchoff Deborah A. , Valeev Edward F.
Published: December 2023

State-of-the-art quasi-Newton unitary optimizer with trust-region (QUOTR) is nearly as efficient as the reference method for simple cases and is more robust for complex cases such as proteins with zero HOMO–LUMO gap in semilocal Kohn–Sham DFT.
Structure and dynamics of 3′-aminoacetophenone and 4′-aminoacetophenone from rotational spectroscopy
Authors: Salvitti Giovanna , Sigismondi Silvia , Melandri Sonia , López Juan Carlos , Blanco Susana , Maris Assimo
Published: December 2023

Molecules are flexible objects. Despite the rigidity of the phenyl ring, aminoacetophenones in the gas phase are prototype systems suitable for the study of several internal motions: acetyl torsion, methyl internal rotation and amine roto-inversion.
An environmentally benign and atom-economical protocol for the regioselective synthesis of isoquinolones from o-alkynylaldehydes
Authors: Muskan  , Verma Akhilesh K.
Published: December 2023

An environmentally benign, transition metal- and base-free, atom-economical protocol for the synthesis of the privileged isoquinolone scaffold via regioselective intramolecular iodoamidation of alkynes under mild conditions has been developed.
Rapid quantitative analysis of raw rocks by LIBS coupled with feature-based transfer learning
Authors: Rao Yu , Ren Wenxin , Kong Weiheng , Zeng Lingwei , Wu Mengfan , Wang Xu , Wang Jie , Fan Qingwen , Pan Yi , Yang Jiebin , Duan Yixiang
Published: December 2023

Novel LIBS system with machine vision streamlines on-site elemental analysis in raw rocks, applying transfer learning for elemental prediction and eliminating the need for lab testing. Valuable for rapid field assessments and industrial applications.
First principles study of WSe2 and the effect of V doping on the optical and electronic properties
Authors: Pavoni Eleonora , Mohebbi Elaheh , Zampa Gian Marco , Stipa Pierluigi , Pierantoni Luca , Laudadio Emiliano , Mencarelli Davide
Published: December 2023

Tungsten diselenide WSe2 is a material with an intriguing character that has captivated the attention of researchers; in this study, an ab initio analysis is presented that focuses on the optical and electronic properties of WSe2.
Synthesis of new alendronate analogs for bone-targeted drug delivery strategies
Authors: Guedeney Nicolas , Deschamp Julia , Legigan Thibaut , Monteil Maëlle , Migianu-Griffoni Evelyne , Lecouvey Marc
Published: December 2023

1-Hydroxymethylene-1,1-bisphosphonate (HMBP) derivatives bearing a tunable side-chain function (azide, amine or maleimide) were developed to be used as bone vectors for imagery and bioactive compounds.
Improving Sensor Interoperability between Contactless and Contact‐Based Fingerprints Using Pose Correction and Unwarping
Authors: Ruzicka Laurenz , Söllinger Dominik , Kohn Bernhard , Heitzinger Clemens , Uhl Andreas , Strobl Bernhard
Published: December 2023

Current fingerprint identification systems face significant challenges in achieving interoperability between contact‐based and contactless fingerprint sensors. In contrast to existing literature, we propose a novel approach that can combine pose correction with further enhancement operations. It uses deep learning models to steer the correction of the viewing angle, therefore enhancing the matching features of contactless fingerprints. The proposed approach was tested on real data of 78 participants (37,162 contactless fingerprints) acquired by national police officers using both contact‐based and contactless sensors. The study found that the effectiveness of pose correction and unwarping varied significantly based on the individual characteristics of each fingerprint. However, when the various extension methods were combined on a finger‐wise basis, an average decrease of 36.9% in equal error rates (EERs) was observed. Additionally, the combined impact of pose correction and bidirectional unwarping led to an average increase of 3.72% in NFIQ 2 scores across all fingers, coupled with a 6.4% decrease in EERs relative to the baseline. The addition of deep learning techniques presents a promising approach for achieving high‐quality fingerprint acquisition using contactless sensors, enhancing recognition accuracy in various domains.
Machine learning assisted adaptive LDPC coded system design and analysis
Authors: Xie Cong , El‐Hajjar Mohammed , Ng Soon Xin
Published: December 2023

This paper proposes a novel machine learning (ML) assisted low‐latency low density parity check (LDPC) coded adaptive modulation (AM) system, where short block‐length LDPC codes are used. Conventional adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) system includes fixed look‐up table method, which is also called inner loop link adaptation (ILLA) and outer loop link adaptation (OLLA). For ILLA, the adaptive capability is achieved by switching the modulation and coding modes based on a look‐up table using signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) thresholds at the target bit error rate (BER), while OLLA builds upon the ILLA method by dynamically adjusting the SNR thresholds to further optimize the system performance. Although both improve the system overall throughput by switching between different transmission modes, there is still a gap to optimal performance as the BER is comparatively far away from the target BER. Machine learning (ML) is a promising solution in solving various classification problems. In this work, the supervised learning based k‐nearest neighbours (KNN) algorithm is invoked for choosing the optimum transmission mode based on the training data and the instantaneous SNR. This work focuses on the low‐latency communications scenarios, where short block‐length LDPC codes are utilized. On the other hand, given the short block‐length constraint, we propose to artificially generate the training data to train our ML assisted AMC scheme. The simulation results show that the proposed ML‐LDPC‐AMC scheme can achieve a higher throughput than the ILLA system while maintaining the target BER. Compared with OLLA, the proposed scheme can maintain the target BER while the OLLA fails to maintain the target BER when the block length is short. In addition, when considering the channel estimation errors, the performance of the proposed ML‐LDPC‐AMC maintains the target BER, while the ILLA system's BER performance can be higher than the target BER.
Optimal dispatch of distributed renewable energy and energy storage systems via optimal configuration of mobile edge computing
Authors: Jiang He , Zhao Yan , Zhou Hang
Published: December 2023

The access of distributed units leads to the rapid increase of power network information services, which brings great problems to the centralized dispatch of power system. To improve the efficiency of data processing and the flexibility of each unit dispatching, first, the areas are divided according to the load characteristics. An operating framework of distributed power system is presented based on offload strategy of mobile edge computing (MEC) and optimal allocation of computational quantity. Second, a novel hierarchical dispatching model is established based on the optimal configuration of MEC. In each area, the upper model takes the total energy consumption of the MEC server and the operating cost of the power system as the objective to calculate the output of each distributed unit and the computational quantity under the optimal offload strategy. The lower model ensures the complete accommodation of renewable energy and the optimal economic operation of the whole area through the introduction of electric vehicles (EVs) and secondary operation of energy storage systems under the constraint of MEC server computing delay. Third, the screening rules of the MEC system computing mode and the simulation strategies of EVs in different areas are proposed. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the model are verified by simulation experiments.
Influence of feed supplement based on Andrographis paniculata and irradiated chitosan on in vitro fermentation and methane production of selected forage
Authors: Sasongko Wahidin Teguh , Jayanegara Anuraga , Astuti Dewi Apri , Rasyid Syahputra Akhmad , Widodo Slamet , Wahyono Teguh
Published: December 2023

The Wallacean region of Indonesia, specifically the Nusa Tenggara and South Sulawesi regions in Indonesia, carry a large population of cattle. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate methane production from forage-based feed in this region. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of feed supplement containing Andrographis paniculata and irradiated chitosan on the in vitro fermentation and methane production, of forage-based rations in this region. This study evaluates five forages that are mainly used as feed ingredients by smallholder farmers nnamely, (Sorghum forage, Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott, Pennisetum purpupoides, Indigofera zollingeriana and cocoa pod husk. That five forages were supplemented with Andrographis paniculata and irradiated chitosan. There were a total of 10 treatments with four replications. The samples were subjected to in vitro analysis using the gas production technique. There was no differences between the treatment with and without feed supplements on in vitro gas production. There was no interaction between feed supplement addition and forage type. Feed supplement addition influence pH (P<0.05) and single chain fatty acids (SCFAs) value (P<0.01). The addition of feed supplements with added Andrographis paniculata and irradiated chitosan in the Pennisetum purpupoides forage can reduce the production of enteric methane (P<0.05). The results suggest that, except for sorghum forages, the addition of feed supplements tended to reduce methane gas emissions from forage samples. Moreover, except for pH and SCFAs, In vitro gas production and digestibility of forage from eastern Indonesia were not affected by the addition of feed supplement.
Association of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor (GnRHR) gene (c.18085 T>G) and litter size in Ettawa crossbreed goat
Authors: Hidayah Nur , Ardiantoro Ari , Septian Wike Andre , Prasetyo Guruh , Damayanti Heri , Efendy Ahmad Zarkasi , Suyadi Suyadi
Published: December 2023

In the present study, the association of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor gene (GnRHR) and litter size were investigated using the PCR-RFLP method as a genetic marker candidate for litter size in 35 individuals from Ettawa crossbreed goats. This research has two steps conducted in the laboratory and in the field. Data on litter size and blood samples were collected from the field. In the laboratory was carried out DNA isolation, amplification, and restriction. Molecular analysis of DNA isolation were precise, the enzyme Msp1 (C*CGG) with a product length of 706 bp was used for amplification and restriction analysis, releaved TT genotype in GnRHR gene fragment. In the exon 3 of chromosome 6, the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) c.18085 T>G was found. Ettawa crossbreed goat in calculations using the hardy-weinberg law, insignificant results are obtained because the value is more than > 0.05 (db; 1) = 0.50. The genotypes and allele frequencies found in the Ettawa Crossbreed Goat GnRHR genes are monomorphic and the GnRHR gene did not associate with litter size. The conclusion is that GnRHR exon 3 gene (SNP) c.18085 T>G did not associate with litter size and can not be used as a genetic marker on Ettawa crossbred goats.
The potential of meat and slaughterhouse by-products as sources of bioactive peptides: A literature review
Authors: Andiana Pramudya , Al Awwaly Khothibul Umam , Manab Abdul
Published: December 2023

The meat and slaughterhouse industry produces two products, namely prime cut and by-products. By-products in some areas are considered waste and thrown away, but there are also some areas that used as animal feed or edible materials that can be consumed directly by humans. By-products from meat and slaughterhouse industry can be in the form of bone, skin, offal, blood, feather, and feet. Many studies show that by-products from meat and slaughterhouse industry also have high protein content and have potential as source of peptides with certain biological activities. Bioactive peptides are molecules composed of 2-20 amino acids in a certain sequence and have biological activity that is not active in the structure of the parent protein. Some of the biological activities of peptides sourced from livestock by-products are antioxidant, antidiabetic, and ACE inhibitor. Bioactive peptides from livestock by-products have also received much attention from researchers, due to their low cost and abundant sources. Several methods have been developed to produce bioactive peptides, such as chemical, enzymatic, and fermentation methods. The aim of this review was to update and summarize several recent studies regarding bioactive peptides from livestock by-products and their potential biological activities.
Effect of fermented laying hen manure and starter feed as growing media on black soldier fly larvae development
Authors: Wiyoso Shelfia Anggraini , Sulistyo Hanief Eko , Andri Faizal , Isnaini Nurul
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the development of Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae when reared on different feeding media, specifically using varying ratios of fermented laying hen manure and starter feed. The study employed a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications. The treatments were as follows: T0: 100% fermented laying hen manure, T1: 75% fermented laying hen manure + 25% laying hen starter feed, T2: 50% fermented laying hen manure + 50% laying hen starter feed, T3: 25% fermented laying hen manure + 75% laying hen starter feed, and T4: 100% laying hen starter feed. Parameters measured in the study included larvae length and larvae width at 10 and 17 days. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by the Duncan post-hoc test. The study demonstrated that BSF larvae were successfully reared on growing media comprising 100% fermented laying hen manure (T0). However, the development of larvae in T0 remained relatively low. Notably, the use of laying hen starter feed particularly at 75% (T3) and 100% (T4) significantly improved (P<0.05) all larvae development parameters. It can be concluded that the Black Soldier Fly has significant potential as a bioconversion agent for laying hen manure. Moreover, the use of laying hen starter feed can be considered as a supplemental feeding media to enhance larvae development of Black Soldier Fly.
Ultra-weak variational formulation for heterogeneous Maxwell problem in the context of high performance computing
Authors: Pernet Sebastien , Sirdey Margot , Tordeux Sebastien
Published: December 2023

Electromagnetic simulations on large domains require a huge memory consumption. Domain decomposition methods, based on Trefftz methods, could be an answer to this issue. In this paper, we associate to heterogeneous three-dimensional Maxwell equations one variational formulation which can be obtained either by upwind fluxes or Riemann traces. We associate to this variational formulation an iterative Trefftz Krylov solver. The poor conditioning due to the use of plane wave basis functions is bypassed thanks to a compression strategy. Moreover, the developed iterative solver is accelerated thanks to a left preconditioner. The considered numerical cases illustrate the performance of this basis reduction, which leads to the consideration of an industrial case of more than 750 millions of degrees of freedom.
Parameters optimization in plasma arc cutting of AISI 1020 mild steel plate using hybrid genetic algorithm and artificial neural network
Authors: Melaku Nebyu Silabat , Bogale Teshome Mulatie
Published: December 2023

The aim of this study was to optimize the cutting parameters such as cutting speed, standoff distance, cutting current and gas pressure of the CNC plasma arc cutting process that affected the material removal rate, surface roughness and nozzle diameter change after cutting performed on AISI 1020 mild steel plate. Three levels of variation were taken to the four cutting parameters that were chosen. Twenty-seven trial experiments were carried out using L27 orthogonal array of Taguchi design. In this experimental investigation, the highest material removal rate (MRR) of 8.96 g/s, Ra surface roughness (SR) of 15.734 µm and nozzle orifice diameter (ND) of 1.4637 mm were achieved, whereas the lowest obtained values of MRR, SR and ND were 2.324 g/s, 5.98 µm and 1.2114 mm, respectively. For modeling the plasma arc cutting process experimental input parameters and responses' results, a hybrid ANN-GA model was constructed. This model was used to forecast and optimize MRR, SR and ND, as well as the control factors that go with it. The results indicated that the ANN-GA model could predict the output responses with a mean square error of 1.06885e–1. During optimization, a 4-9-3 network trained with neural network of back propagation by Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was used to have the greatest prediction capability, with optimum values of MRR, SR and ND of 7.0032 g/s, 4.2062 µm and 1.3142 mm, respectively. From the confirmation tests, the average results of 6.9247 g/s of MRR, 4.3429 µm of SR and 1.3703 mm of ND were obtained. The percentage of errors between the ANN-GA predicted optimal responses' results and the confirmatory experimental results were found 1.121%, 3.250% and 4.269% for MRR, SR and ND, respectively.
Investigation of the Effects of Mat Pilates and Apparatus Pilates on
some Physical Fitness Parameters, Posture, Joint Mobility and Functional
Movement Analysis in Women
Authors: Ünver Gülşah , Aras Dicle
Published: December 2023

Objectives The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of
mat Pilates and apparatus Pilates on some physical fitness parameters, posture,
joint mobility, and functional movement level in adult women.

Materials and Methods A total of 45 female participants were included in
the study, and they were divided into 3 groups of 15 people in each group. The
groups were determined as mat Pilates, apparatus Pilates, and control groups.
While the participants in the mat and the apparatus Pilates groups performed the
exercise program for 12 weeks, the participants in the control group did not
participate in any regular physical activity program. The physical fitness
parameters, posture, joint mobility, and functional movement level of the
participants were evaluated before and after the exercise program.

Results At the end of the exercise program, muscle strength, muscular
endurance, balance, posture score, joint mobility, and functional movement level
increased significantly in both the mat and the apparatus Pilates groups
(p<0.05). For the post-test values of the parameters evaluated within
the scope of the study, a significant difference was found between the mat and
the apparatus Pilates groups in favor of the apparatus Pilates group in terms of
back strength, leg strength, and balance (p<0.05).

Conclusion Both mat and apparatus Pilates exercise programs provided an
increase in muscle strength, muscular endurance, joint mobility, functional
movement level, and positive effects on balance and posture in adult women.
Quality Indicators for Rehabilitation Care Among Patients with
Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases: A Multicenter Study, Cross sectional
study.
Authors: Makarm Wafaa K , Abu-Zaid Mohammad Hassan , Alramadhani Ibrahim A. , Elsheikh Ahmed M. , Zaghlol Rabab S.
Published: December 2023

Objective Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) are among the most
common disorders in the general population. Rehabilitation quality indicators
(QIs) are one tool for assessing the quality and efficiency of healthcare
resources. The aim of this study was to utilize one of the validated QIs to
assess the current quality of rehabilitation services for RMDs in Egypt and
Saudia Arabia.

Materials and Methods A cross-sectional survey study, in which
rehabilitation unit managers answered 19 structure questions at the start of the
test period using a web-based, structured questionnaire. While one to two months
after completing a rehabilitation program, the patient answered 14 written
questions based on 11 process and 3 outcome quality indicators.

Results 36 Egyptian and 43 Saudi healthcare workers, as well as 350
Egyptian and 331 Saudi patients, completed the questionnaires. In Egypt and
Saudi Arabia, more than 60% of rehabilitation units and service users
agreed on the majority of quality indicator domains, including patient
assessment and rehabilitation outcomes. The lowest pass rates for a
rehabilitation unit structure QIs were the planning of two meetings between the
patient and the team, meeting with next of kin, and access to meetings with some
professionals, which also reflected the lowest quality domains observed by the
service user in the process as regards patient participation in the
rehabilitation process and planning of the period after rehabilitation.

Conclusion The quality of RMDs rehabilitation programs varies widely, both
nationally and across countries. Quality improvement in specific aspects of RMD
rehabilitation care is required.
The 6-minute Run Test: Validation and Reference Equations for
Adults
Authors: Leuschner Malte , Grauduszus Martin , Friesen David , Ferrari Nina , Klaudius Marlen , Joisten Christine
Published: December 2023

Endurance performance tests directly measuring cardiorespiratory fitness are
complex, but field tests indirectly assessing maximum oxygen uptake
(VO2max) are an alternative. This study aimed to validate the
6-minute run test in adults, comparing it to the established shuttle run test,
and to create reference equations. The cross-over design involved healthy adults
aged 18–65 undertaking both tests, separated by a two-hour interval. The
6-minute run test required participants to run around a volleyball court for six
minutes, aiming to maximize distance covered. The shuttle run involved
participants covering 20 meters in defined time intervals at increasing speeds.
Parameters measured included 6-minute run test distance, heart rates, calculated
maximum oxygen uptake during the shuttle run, and total shuttle count. The study
enrolled 250 participants (134 men and 116 women). Men averaged 1195.7 m
(SD=161.4), while women averaged 1051.2 m (SD=148.0) in
six minutes. The strongest correlation was found between the distance covered in
the 6-minute run test and the total shuttle count (r=0.91,
p<0.001). Two predictive models for 6-minute run test distance were
developed and normative values for different sex-specific age clusters were
established. The study showed that the 6-minute run test is valid as a practical
endurance test for adults aged 18–65.
Synthesis of Anti-oxidant Steroids by Hybridisation with Nitroxides
Authors: Bottle Steven E. , Soltau Carl P. , Weir Naomi E. , Martyn Alexander P.
Published: December 2023

Steroidal–nitroxide hybrid molecules and non-radical controls were synthesised in good yields using simple carbodiimide coupling. An unexpected product arose from reactions between the nitroxide moiety and the solvent THF. Methoxyamine derivatives of the nitroxide drug hybrids were produced using Fenton chemistry without side reactions occurring on the steroid. The hybrid compounds bind to the glucocorticoid receptor and are relevant for the study of radical biological chemistry and redox-related disease processes.
DBU-Mediated Oxidation of β-Dicarbonyls: Formation of Hydroxylated and Rearranged Products under Air Atmosphere
Authors: Tian Hongyu , Liang Sen , Peng Shuai , Wang Tianqi , Zhao Xixuan , Yao Boan , Zhao Kaishuo , Liu Yongguo , Sun Baoguo
Published: December 2023

The oxidation of different β-dicarbonyls in acetonitrile has been explored under an air atmosphere in the presence of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU). The presence of DBU resulted in the formation of hydroxylated products or rearrangement products derived from hydroxylated products. Specifically, the transformation of 2-oxocyclopentanecarboxylates to 2-hydroxyhexanedioates was achieved with good yields when additional 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane and ROH were present. DBU proved to be indispensable for this transformation and showed specificity beyond its usual role as a base.
Recent Developments on the Earth-Abundant-Metal-Catalyzed α,β-Dehydrogenation of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Dai Peng-Fei , Kang Yan-Biao , Li Qiang-Qiang , Qu Jian-Ping
Published: December 2023

α,β-Unsaturated carbonyl compounds are versatile building blocks in modern organic synthetic chemistry. In recent decades, various approaches have been established to access to these products, such as halogenation–dehydrohalogenation methods, organosulfur methods, organoselenium methods, earth-abundant-metal-catalyzed methods, precious-metal-catalyzed methods, and metal-free methods, etc. Among these, earth-abundant-metal-catalyzed methods (i.e., iron, cobalt, nickel, copper) continue to attract the attention of chemists because they are readily available, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly. Presently, there are only a few reviews covering earth-abundant-metal-catalyzed α,β-dehydrogenations. Hence, the aim of this short review is to provide a detailed update on the recent developments on earth-abundant-metal-catalyzed α,β-dehydrogenations of carbonyl compounds.

1 Introduction

2 Iron-Catalyzed Dehydrogenation

3 Cobalt-Catalyzed Dehydrogenation

4 Nickel-Catalyzed Dehydrogenation

5 Copper-Catalyzed Dehydrogenation

6 Conclusion