bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a website support intervention for families after sudden cardiac death
Authors: Yeates Laura , Baker Amy , Gardner Karen , Stewart Natalie , Catto Laura , Do Judy , Leslie Felicity , Semsarian Christopher , Gray Belinda , McEwen Alison , Adlard Leesa , Ingles Jodie
Published: October 2023

Objective

To develop content for the website component of COPE-SCD: an online community supporting families after sudden cardiac death (SCD) and assess its acceptability.

Methods

Based on topics from codesign focus groups, website content was drafted, and readability of language assessed. SCD family members were recruited from the Genetic Heart Disease Clinic, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney. Demographic and psychological measures were collected at baseline. ‘Think aloud’ interviews were conducted to assess the website with questions mapped to theoretical framework of acceptability.

Results

Fourteen webpages were created under six menu options. Topics range from information on SCD, genetic testing, grief and loss and family stories. Average Flesch-Kincaid school grade reading score was 8.75. Six individuals participated in a ‘think aloud’ analysis and interview. Fifty percent were female, and all university educated. Median time since death was three years (range 1-5 years). Participants provided feedback about aesthetics, technical issues, and content. Interview responses were mapped to the theoretical framework of acceptability.

Conclusion

Participants found the website a helpful resource, and acceptable when considering the theoretical framework of acceptability.

Practice implications

This website fills a current gap in the care of families after SCD; more work is needed to assess effectiveness.

HIGHLIGHTS

Sudden cardiac death is a devastating complication of many genetic heart diseases.

COPE-SCD is an intervention developed to support families after sudden cardiac death.

COPE-SCD includes a website covering a range of topics to help families after sudden cardiac death.

Website acceptability was assessed using a theoretical framework of acceptability.
HERC3 E3 ligase provides an ERAD branch eliminating select membrane proteins
Authors: Kamada Yuka , Ohnishi Yuko , Nakashima Chikako , Fujii Aika , Terakawa Mana , Hamano Ikuto , Nakayamada Uta , Katoh Saori , Hirata Noriaki , Tateishi Hazuki , Fukuda Ryosuke , Takahashi Hirotaka , Lukacs Gergely L. , Okiyoneda Tsukasa
Published: October 2023

Aberrant proteins located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) undergo rapid ubiquitination by multiple ubiquitin (Ub) E3 ligases and are retrotranslocated to the cytosol as part of the ER-associated degradation (ERAD). Despite several ERAD branches involving different Ub E3 ligases, each with distinct substrate specificity, the molecular machinery responsible for these ERAD branches in mammalian cells remains not fully understood. In this study, we have discovered a cytosolic Ub ligase called HERC3, which fulfills a distinct role in facilitating the ERAD of select polytopic membrane proteins. Using a series of multiplex knockdown/knockout experiments, we have demonstrated that HERC3 functions independently of the ER-embedded ubiquitin ligases RNF5 and RNF185 (RNF5/185) to facilitate the ubiquitination, retrotranslocation, and ERAD of misfolded CFTR. Furthermore, HERC3 collaborates with RNF5/185 to enhance the association of UBQLN proteins, thereby augmenting the retrotranslocation and ERAD of misfolded CFTR. While RNF5/185 participates in the ERAD process of both misfolded ABCB1 and CFTR, HERC3 specifically promotes the ERAD of CFTR, likely due to its ability to interact with the less hydrophobic membrane-spanning domains of CFTR. HERC3 may detect exposed transmembrane domains on the cytoplasmic surface of the ER, thereby facilitating the recruitment of UBQLN and subsequently accelerating the ERAD of select polytopic membrane proteins.
Cities (r)evolution in the smart era: smart mobility practices as a driving force for tourism flow and the moderating role of airports in cities
Authors: Marchesani Filippo , Masciarelli Francesca , Bikfalvi Andrea
Published: October 2023

Purpose

The significance of smart mobility practices in shaping cities from a smart perspective has grown in recent years, influencing policies and the choices made by inhabitants. This transformation has led to the emergence of novel services and strategies, creating a new, vibrant and highly personalised urban environment that caters to the needs and preferences of both local residents and visitors. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of smart mobility practices on tourism flows in cities, considering the moderating effect of airport activities on this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a generalised method of moments estimation and focusing on 20 Italian cities over an eight-year period, the authors highlight the current relationship between smart mobility practices and tourism flows. Moreover, the authors demonstrate that the yearly advancement of airports positively moderates this relationship.

Findings

The findings indicate a significant relationship between smart mobility practices in modern cities and tourism inflows because they influence the development of tourism services and emerging trends such as smart tourism and smart destinations. Furthermore, airport activities as a proxy for city openness play a crucial role in this link. The study shows that airports have an incremental impact on tourism and on the relationship between tourism and sustainable practices.

Research limitations/implications

The limitations of this quantitative approach include the focus on a single country, the challenge of measuring the development of smart mobility practices due to a lack of standardised variables and the need for future research to expand the sample to different countries in relation to tourism inflows.

Practical implications

This study has practical implications for policymakers and governance in their task of effectively coordinating internal smart mobility practices and managing incoming tourism flows.

Social implications

This study has social implications, highlighting the need for policymakers and governance to address the societal impacts of smart mobility practices and tourism inflows, ensuring inclusive and sustainable outcomes for local communities.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the existing literature as one of the first attempts to examine the interplay between smart mobility practices in smart cities and tourism flows. Furthermore, it emphasises the role of airports in this relationship, highlighting how the interaction between these variables benefits both stakeholders.
PIILO: an open-source system for personally identifiable information labeling and obfuscation
Authors: Holmes Langdon , Crossley Scott , Sikka Harshvardhan , Morris Wesley
Published: October 2023

Purpose

This study aims to report on an automatic deidentification system for labeling and obfuscating personally identifiable information (PII) in student-generated text.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors evaluate the performance of their deidentification system on two data sets of student-generated text. Each data set was human-annotated for PII. The authors evaluate using two approaches: per-token PII classification accuracy and a simulated reidentification attack design. In the reidentification attack, two reviewers attempted to recover student identities from the data after PII was obfuscated by the authors’ system. In both cases, results are reported in terms of recall and precision.

Findings

The authors’ deidentification system recalled 84% of student name tokens in their first data set (96% of full names). On the second data set, it achieved a recall of 74% for student name tokens (91% of full names) and 75% for all direct identifiers. After the second data set was obfuscated by the authors’ system, two reviewers attempted to recover the identities of students from the obfuscated data. They performed below chance, indicating that the obfuscated data presents a low identity disclosure risk.

Research limitations/implications

The two data sets used in this study are not representative of all forms of student-generated text, so further work is needed to evaluate performance on more data.

Practical implications

This paper presents an open-source and automatic deidentification system appropriate for student-generated text with technical explanations and evaluations of performance.

Originality/value

Previous study on text deidentification has shown success in the medical domain. This paper develops on these approaches and applies them to text in the educational domain.
“Trust us,” they said. Mapping the contours of trustworthiness in learning analytics
Authors: Slade Sharon , Prinsloo Paul , Khalil Mohammad
Published: October 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore and establish the contours of trust in learning analytics and to establish steps that institutions might take to address the “trust deficit” in learning analytics.

Design/methodology/approach

“Trust” has always been part and parcel of learning analytics research and practice, but concerns around privacy, bias, the increasing reach of learning analytics, the “black box” of artificial intelligence and the commercialization of teaching and learning suggest that we should not take stakeholder trust for granted. While there have been attempts to explore and map students’ and staff perceptions of trust, there is no agreement on the contours of trust. Thirty-one experts in learning analytics research participated in a qualitative Delphi study.

Findings

This study achieved agreement on a working definition of trust in learning analytics, and on factors that impact on trusting data, trusting institutional understandings of student success and the design and implementation of learning analytics. In addition, it identifies those factors that might increase levels of trust in learning analytics for students, faculty and broader.

Research limitations/implications

The study is based on expert opinions as such there is a limitation of how much it is of a true consensus.

Originality/value

Trust cannot be assumed is taken for granted. This study is original because it establishes a number of concerns around the trustworthiness of learning analytics in respect of how data and student learning journeys are understood, and how institutions can address the “trust deficit” in learning analytics.
Correspondence among multiple methods provides confidence when measuring marine protected area effects for species and assemblages
Authors: Honeyman Christopher , Carlson Peter , Jainese Conner , Parsons‐Field Avrey , Eisaguirre Jacob , Davis Kathryn , Giraldo‐Ospina Anita , Spiecker Barbara , Caselle Jennifer E.
Published: October 2023

Marine protected areas (MPAs) have become a popular tool utilised across global oceans to achieve a variety of conservation goals. Because the reasons for MPA implementation can differ, it is imperative that resource managers design and execute management strategies that allow them to effectively assess MPA performance relative to the goals they set.

We compared three MPA monitoring techniques commonly utilised to survey groundfish populations across different depth strata of temperate rocky reef habitat: underwater visual census (0–20 m), scientific hook and line fishing (10–50 m) and baited remote underwater video (30–100 m). We compared the strength and direction of standardised metrics, including response ratios, diversity indices and community structure, examining results through the lens of MPA performance.

While each of our monitoring techniques detected similar MPA effects on groundfish biomass and density aggregated across species, MPA effects for individual species varied across methods.

Each technique was shown to survey distinct groundfish community assemblages with varying levels of species diversity and richness.

Synthesis and applications. While each technique was found to measure similar general trends in marine protected area (MPA) performance over time, we found compelling evidence that the utilization of multiple techniques allows managers to create the most comprehensive, effective and inclusive MPA monitoring regimes.
Pharmacogenomics and adverse effects of anti‐infective drugs in children
Authors: Huang Xin , Hu Biwen , Ye Ling , Li Tong , He Li , Tan Wei , Yang Guoping , Liu Jun‐Ping , Guo Chengxian
Published: October 2023

Children, as a special group, have their own peculiarities in terms of individualized medication use compared to adults. Adverse drug reactions have been an important issue that needs to be addressed in the hope of safe medication use in children, and the occurrence of adverse drug reactions is partly due to genetic factors. Anti‐infective drugs are widely used in children, and they have always been an important cause of the occurrence of adverse reactions in children. Pharmacogenomic technologies are becoming increasingly sophisticated, and there are now many guidelines describing the pharmacogenomics of anti‐infective drugs. However, data from paediatric‐based studies are scarce. This review provides a systematic review of the pharmacogenomics of anti‐infective drugs recommended for gene‐guided use in CPIC guidelines by exploring the relationship between pharmacogenetic frequencies and the incidence of adverse reactions, which will help inform future studies of individualized medication use in children.
An examination of harm reduction strategies in Oxycodone and Adderall buyer feedback on AlphaBay
Authors: Logie Kenji , Pugliese Katheryne , Acevedo Alexis
Published: October 2023

Research summary

Darknet marketplaces (DNMs) are global digital marketplaces used primarily to buy and sell illicit drugs online. High rates of adulterated substances have contributed to the creation of harm reduction policies by DNM administrators to address growing rates of overdose worldwide. This paper explores the extent to which harm reduction occurs in buyer feedback of Adderall and Oxycodone purchased on AlphaBay and how these comments are impacted by AlphaBay's administrator‐led “harm reduction” policy. This study finds that harm reduction strategies are present in buyer feedback of Oxycodone and Adderall pills, but AlphaBay's policy has very little impact on the preexisting harm reduction communication within buyer feedback.

Policy implications

International policy proposals have placed emphasis on addressing the overdose crisis through harm reduction programs that provide people who use drugs with the necessary services and resources to buy and use drugs safely. There have been very few proposals that have considered how these programs can address the unique setting of buying and using drugs purchased on DNMs. Communication occurring among DNM buyers reveals how harm reduction strategies are being employed by users purchasing drugs from DNMs. In particular, these findings offer insight into the shared experiences of drug buyers in anonymous settings and the strategies they are using to protect one another from overdose and other unwanted side effects often caused by adulterated substances. Understanding these strategies highlights the ways in which street‐based harm reduction programs can extend their services to online environments to assist buyers with making safe and informed decisions when using substances purchased online.
Barcoding and traditional health practitioner perspectives are informative to monitor and conserve frogs and reptiles traded for traditional medicine in urban South Africa
Authors: Phaka Fortunate M. , Netherlands Edward C. , Van Steenberge Maarten , Verheyen Erik , Sonet Gontran , Hugé Jean , du Preez Louis H. , Vanhove Maarten P. M.
Published: October 2023

Previous literature suggests that Indigenous cultural practices, specifically traditional medicine, are commonplace among urban communities contrary to the general conception that such practices are restricted to rural societies. We reviewed previous literature for records of herptiles (frog and reptile species) sold by traditional health practitioners in urban South Africa, then used visual confirmation surveys, DNA barcoding and folk taxonomy to identify the herptile species that were on sale. Additionally, we interviewed 11 IsiZulu and SePedi speaking traditional health practitioners to document details of the collection and pricing of herptile specimens along with the practitioners' views of current conservation measures for traditional medicine markets. The 34 herptile species recorded in previous literature on traditional medicine markets included endangered and non‐native species. Spectrophotometry measurements of the DNA we extracted from the tissue of herptiles used in traditional medicine were an unreliable predictor of whether those extractions would be suitable for further experimental work. From our initial set of 111 tissue samples, 81 sequencing reactions were successful and 55 of those sequences had species‐level matches to COI reference sequences on the NCBI GenBank and/or BOLD databases. Molecular identification revealed that traditional health practitioners correctly labelled 77% of the samples that we successfully identified with DNA barcoding in this study. Our mixed methodology approach is useful for conservation planning as it updates knowledge of animal use in Indigenous remedies and can accurately identify species of high conservation priority. Furthermore, this study highlights the possibility of collaborative conservation planning with traditional health practitioners.
Efficacy and safety of ultrasound‐guided erector spinae plane block compared to sham procedure in adult patients with rib fractures presenting to the emergency department: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ramesh Swetha , Ayyan S. Manu , Rath Durga Prasad , Sadanandan Deepthy Melepurakkal
Published: October 2023

Objectives

The primary objective was to compare the analgesic efficacy of ultrasound‐guided erector spinae plane block (ESPB) with a sham procedure in adult patients presenting with rib fractures to the emergency department (ED).

Methods

A randomized controlled trial was conducted at an academic ED over a 17‐month period. Forty‐six adults with confirmed rib fractures and numeric rating score (NRS) greater than 4 were randomized to one of two treatment arms: ultrasound‐guided ESPB group or placebo (sham procedure). Intravenous opioids were prescribed as rescue analgesia when self‐reported pain scores were ≥4. The primary outcome measure, pain intensity reduction, was derived using the 11‐point NRS at six time points over 12 h. Secondary outcome measures included the amount of rescue analgesia, in morphine equivalents, and the occurrence of adverse events. Two‐way repeated‐measures ANOVA was used to compare the trend in NRSs across the two arms. The association between the complications and intervention was explored using the Fisher's exact test.

Results

Forty‐six patients (23 in each arm) completed the study. There was no difference between treatment groups with respect to age, sex, vital signs, preenrollment analgesia, or baseline pain intensity. In comparing pain intensity during the study period, NRS scores at 30, 60, and 120 min were significantly lower in the ESPB group (p < 0.001) during rest and deep inspiration. Moreover, patients in the ESPB group received lesser rescue analgesia than those in the sham group (10 mg, IQR 2.5 vs. 20 mg, IQR 5 mg; p ≤ 0.01). There was no difference in adverse events between groups.

Conclusions

Ultrasound‐guided ESPB resulted in significantly reduced pain intensity over the study period and reduced amount of rescue analgesia and had no discernible difference in adverse events when compared with a sham.
Settler Colonial Beasts: Feral Pigs and Frontier Assemblages in Texas
Authors: Cons Jason , Eilenberg Michael
Published: October 2023

This essay explores the role of feral pigs in assembling the Texas frontier. Quick to reproduce, highly adaptive, and destroyers of agricultural fields, feral pigs have emerged over the past decade as one of the principal challenges facing agriculture and land management systems in Texas. Yet, more than simply a pest, feral pigs have and continue to be active agents in forging new landscapes, ecologies, and settler‐colonial relations. We trace the history of the present pig “crisis” by exploring three paradigms for thinking pigs and the politics of ferality on the Texas frontier. These paradigms frame pigs as: “settler beasts” (companion species to settler expansion); “melting‐pot beasts” (feral pigs as representing diverse genetic remnants of settler expansion); and “invader beasts” (feral pigs framed as a threat). Our argument is that these paradigms index diverse material and discursive ways that feral pigs have and continue to assemble Texas's frontier landscape.
The commercial growth of farmer cooperatives in Romania: A double‐hurdle model analysis
Authors: Grashuis Jasper , Bercu Florentin , Florea Andrei‐Mirel , Radu Riana Iren
Published: October 2023

In many countries, farmer cooperatives have been successful at facilitating access to markets in conditions of imperfect competition for a long time. However, modern farmer cooperatives have only been operational in Romania since 2005, and their development is slowed by several internal and external conditions. In the absence of empirical evidence of possible explanations for alleged shortcomings in the growth of farmer cooperatives in Romania, applied research is necessary to inform recommendations for practitioners, policymakers, and other stakeholders. Using financial data from 1,426 farmer cooperatives in Romania for the 2017–21 period, we estimate a double hurdle panel model of the probability and the intensity commercial activity with annual revenue as the variable of interest. All else equal, annual revenue increased in 2020 and 2021 relative to 2017, which to some extent refutes observations of underdevelopment. Although the membership size of farmer cooperatives in Romania is relatively small, its relationship to the probability and the intensity of commercial activity is positive. The relationship of age to the probability and the intensity of commercial activity is ∩‐shaped, which may imply a relatively short lifespan for farmer cooperatives in Romania. Possible explanations are member opportunism and double taxation misunderstandings, but further research is necessary to generate more insights.
Didactic and narrative persuasion: An experiment to promote colorectal cancer screening
Authors: Scaglioni Giulia , Chiereghin Angela , Squillace Lorena , De Frenza Francesca , Kregel John Martin , Bazzani Carmen , Mezzetti Francesca , Cavazza Nicoletta
Published: October 2023

We tested whether a didactic and a narrative video (i.e. educational content and personal stories versus irrelevant information) could boost colorectal cancer (CRC) screening intention directly and through cognitive predictors of CRC screening behavior. We also tested whether exposure to a story changed participants' affective forecasting, reducing the perception of negative emotions associated with CRC screening (disgust, embarrassment, and fear). The study was conducted online with a between‐participants design and recruiting a convenience sample (N = 375). We found that, compared with watching the control video, being exposed to the narrative video about CRC screening was indirectly associated with greater screening intention via vicarious experience and positive attitudes, whereas watching the didactic video was positively associated with CRC screening intention only among participants who had received an invitation letter but did not get screened, and among those yet to receive an invitation to screen. In the latter group, screening intention was boosted through positive attitudes. Our findings do not confirm that stories change affective forecasting, but narration likely fosters messages acceptance through vicarious experience. We also found support for the effectiveness of physicians' recommendations in promoting CRC screening, an intervention that might be effectively administered through a generalized, cost‐effective video.
Long‐term follow‐up of web‐based and group‐based behavioural intervention in NAFLD in a real world clinical setting
Authors: Petroni Maria Letizia , Colosimo Santo , Brodosi Lucia , Armandi Angelo , Bertini Flavio , Montesi Danilo , Bugianesi Elisabetta , Marchesini Giulio
Published: October 2023

Background

The long‐term results of web‐based behavioural intervention in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have not been described in patients followed in specialised centres.

Aims

To analyse the long‐term effectiveness of web education compared with the results achieved by a group‐based behavioural intervention in the same years 2012–2014.

Methods

We followed 679 patients with NAFLD (web‐based, n = 290; group‐based, n = 389) for 5 years. Weight loss ≥10% was the primary outcome; secondary outcomes were attrition, changes in liver enzymes and in biomarkers of steatosis (Fatty liver Index) and fibrosis (Fibrosis‐4 index).

Results

The cohorts differed in age, education, working status and presence of diabetes. Attrition was higher in the web‐based cohort (hazard ratio: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.24–1.88), but not different after adjustment for confounders. Among patients in active follow‐up, 50% lost ≥5% of initial body weight and 19% lost ≥10%, without difference between cohorts. Alanine aminotransferase levels fell to within the normal range in 51% and 45% of web‐ and group‐based cohorts, respectively. Fatty Liver Index declined progressively and, by year 5, it ruled out steatosis in 4.8%, whereas 24.9% were in the indeterminate range. Fibrosis‐4 index increased in both cohorts, driven by age, but the prevalence of cases ruling‐in advanced fibrosis remained very low (around 1%). Improvements in the class of both surrogate biomarkers were associated with ≥5% weight loss.

Conclusions

Although burdened by attrition, web‐based behavioural intervention is feasible and effective in NAFLD, expanding the cohort involved in behavioural programs and reducing the risk of progressive disease.
S3 guideline „actinic keratosis and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma“ – update 2023, part 2: epidemiology and etiology, diagnostics, surgical and systemic treatment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), surveillance and prevention
Authors: Leiter Ulrike , Heppt Markus V. , Steeb Theresa , Alter Mareike , Amaral Teresa , Bauer Andrea , Bechara Falk G. , Becker Jürgen C. , Breitbart Eckhard W. , Breuninger Helmut , Diepgen Thomas , Dirschka Thomas , Eigentler Thomas , ElGammal A. K. Stephan , Felcht Moritz , Flaig Michael J. , Follmann Markus , Fritz Klaus , Grabbe Stephan , Greinert Rüdiger , Gutzmer Ralf , Hauschild Axel , Hillen Uwe , Ihrler Stephan , John Swen Malte , Kofler Lukas , Koelbl Oliver , Krause‐Bergmann Albrecht , Kraywinkel Klaus , Krohn Steffen , Langer Thomas , Loquai Carmen , Löser Christoph R. , Mohr Peter , Nashan Dorothée , Nothacker Monika , Pfannenberg Christina , Salavastru Carmen , Schmitz Lutz , Stockfleth Eggert , Szeimies Rolf‐Markus , Ulrich Claas , Voelter‐Mahlknecht Susanne , Vordermark Dirk , Weichenthal Michael , Welzel Julia , Wermker Kai , Wiegand Susanne , Garbe Claus , Berking Carola
Published: October 2023

Actinic keratosis (AK) are common lesions in light‐skinned individuals that can potentially progress to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Both conditions may be associated with significant morbidity and constitute a major disease burden, especially among the elderly. To establish an evidence‐based framework for clinical decision making, the guideline “actinic keratosis and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma” was updated and expanded by the topics cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in situ (Bowen's disease) and actinic cheilitis. The guideline is aimed at dermatologists, general practitioners, ear nose and throat specialists, surgeons, oncologists, radiologists and radiation oncologists in hospitals and office‐based settings, as well as other medical specialties, policy makers and insurance funds involved in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with AK and cSCC. A separate guideline exists for patients and their relatives. In this part, we will address aspects relating to epidemiology and etiology, diagnostics, surgical and systemic treatment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), surveillance and prevention.
AnAstyanax mexicanus maoknockout line uncovers the developmental roles of monoamine homeostasis in fish brain
Authors: Alunni Alessandro , Pierre Constance , Torres‐Paz Jorge , Clairet Natacha , Langlumé Auriane , Pavie Marie , Escoffier‐Pirouelle Thomas , Leblanc Michael , Blin Maryline , Rétaux Sylvie
Published: October 2023

Monoaminergic systems are conserved in vertebrates, yet they present variations in neuroanatomy, genetic components and functions across species. MonoAmine Oxidase, or MAO, is the enzyme responsible for monoamine degradation. While mammals possess two genes,MAO‐AandMAO‐B, fish possess one singlemaogene. To study the function of MAO and monoamine homeostasis on fish brain development and physiology, here we have generated amaoknockout line inAstyanax mexicanus(surface fish), by CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Homozygotemaoknockout larvae died at 13 days post‐fertilization. Through a time‐course analysis, we report that hypothalamic serotonergic neurons undergo fine and dynamic regulation of serotonin level upon loss ofmaofunction, in contrast to those in the raphe, which showed continuously increased serotonin levels – as expected. Dopaminergic neurons were not affected bymaoloss‐of‐function. At behavioral level, knockout fry showed a transient decrease in locomotion that followed the variations in the hypothalamus serotonin neuronal levels. Finally, we discovered a drastic effect ofmaoknockout on brain progenitors proliferation in the telencephalon and hypothalamus, including a reduction in the number of proliferative cells and an increase of the cell cycle length. Altogether, our results show that MAO has multiple and varied effects onAstyanax mexicanusbrain development. Mostly, they bring novel support to the idea that serotonergic neurons in the hypothalamus and raphe of the fish brain are different in nature and identity, and they unravel a link between monoaminergic homeostasis and brain growth.
Framing the Vision for Engagement
Authors: McGowan Heather
Published: October 2023

Philadelphia University wanted to create a new undergraduate college that would link programs in engineering, design, and business, offering younger students the kinds of collaborative experiences that are usually the province of graduate students. It was a huge initiative, and it required some careful strategic design.

Designing an innovation… or a college.
Learn 2050! How We Transformed America's Learning System
Authors: Wasserman Arnold
Published: October 2023

It's the year 2050 and this pioneer of the Redesign Learning movement is looking back on the parlous state of American public education in the early decades of the century. It was his 2014 call to action that committed America's design community to this public service mission—an initiative that helped kick‐start a transformation.

It's the year 2050 and education in America from pre‐K to college is free. You don’t have to choose between the humanities and an all‐out prep for a technical career. And it's all because educators and legislators stopped focusing on education and started thinking about learning.
The role of dental professionals in identifying, reporting, and supporting domestic violence victims
Authors: Levin Liran , Bhatti Chanroop
Published: October 2023

Domestic violence is a pervasive social issue affecting individuals across all demographics and has severe consequences for both the victims and society. Domestic violence is commonly defined as the exertion of power by one individual over another within a relationship, aiming to establish a sense of fear, control, and authority. The connection between domestic violence and oral health is established, with common oral health issues associated with domestic violence, such as dental trauma, head and neck bruises and injuries as well as facial fractures. Dental professionals play a crucial role in detecting signs of domestic violence by closely examining the head and neck region and the oral cavity during routine examinations. The significance of approaching patients suspected of experiencing domestic violence with sensitivity and empathy is of utmost importance. Recommendations include establishing trust, maintaining confidentiality, using open‐ended questions, and providing information about local resources. Legal and ethical considerations are paramount, highlighting the obligations of dental professionals in cases of suspected domestic violence, including mandatory reporting laws and the balance between patient autonomy and safety. Challenges faced by dental professionals in reporting and intervening are discussed as well in this narrative review, emphasizing the importance of collaboration with other healthcare professionals and support services. This review underscores the vital role of dental care providers in recognizing signs of domestic violence, promoting intervention and support, and contributing to the well‐being and safety of individuals impacted by domestic violence.
Fifty years after deep‐ploughing: Effects on yield, roots, nutrient stocks and soil structure
Authors: Burger Dymphie J. , Schneider Florian , Bauke Sara L. , Kautz Timo , Don Axel , Amelung Wulf
Published: October 2023

Deep‐ploughing far beyond the common depth of 30 cm was used more than 50 years ago in Northern Germany with the aim to break root‐restricting layers and thereby improve access to subsoil water and nutrient resources. We hypothesized that effects of this earlier intervention on soil properties and yields prevailed after 50 years. Hence, we sampled two sandy soils and one silty soil (Cambisols and a Luvisol) of which half of the field had been deep‐ploughed 50 years ago (soils then re‐classified as Treposols). The adjacent other half was not deep‐ploughed and thus served as the control. At all the three sites, both deep‐ploughed and control parts were then conventionally managed over the last 50 years. We assessed yields during the dry year 2019 and additionally in 2020, and rooting intensity at the year of sampling (2019), as well as changes in soil structure, carbon and nutrient stocks in that year. We found that deep‐ploughing improved yields in the dry spell of 2019 at the sandy sites, which was supported by a more general pattern of higher NDVI indices in deep‐ploughed parts for the period from 2016 to 2021 across varying weather conditions. Subsoil stocks of soil organic carbon and total plant‐available phosphorus were enhanced by 21%–199% in the different sites. Root biomass in the subsoil was reduced due to deep‐ploughing at the silty site and was increased or unaffected at the sandy sites. Overall, the effects of deep‐ploughing were site‐specific, with reduced bulk density in the buried topsoil stripes in the subsoil of the sandy sites, but with elevated subsoil density in the silty site. Hence, even 50 years after deep‐ploughing, changes in soil properties are still detectable, although effect size differed among sites.
Incorporating ecology into gene drive modelling
Authors: Kim Jaehee , Harris Keith D. , Kim Isabel K. , Shemesh Shahar , Messer Philipp W. , Greenbaum Gili
Published: October 2023

Gene drive technology, in which fast‐spreading engineered drive alleles are introduced into wild populations, represents a promising new tool in the fight against vector‐borne diseases, agricultural pests and invasive species. Due to the risks involved, gene drives have so far only been tested in laboratory settings while their population‐level behaviour is mainly studied using mathematical and computational models. The spread of a gene drive is a rapid evolutionary process that occurs over timescales similar to many ecological processes. This can potentially generate strong eco‐evolutionary feedback that could profoundly affect the dynamics and outcome of a gene drive release. We, therefore, argue for the importance of incorporating ecological features into gene drive models. We describe the key ecological features that could affect gene drive behaviour, such as population structure, life‐history, environmental variation and mode of selection. We review previous gene drive modelling efforts and identify areas where further research is needed. As gene drive technology approaches the level of field experimentation, it is crucial to evaluate gene drive dynamics, potential outcomes, and risks realistically by including ecological processes.
MONETARY ASYMMETRIES WITHOUT (AND WITH) PRICE STICKINESS
Authors: JACCARD IVAN
Published: October 2023

The evidence suggests that monetary policy transmission is asymmetric over the business cycle. Interacting financing frictions with a preference for liquidity provides an explanation for this fact. Our model reproduces a set of asset market and business cycle facts. Accounting for the joint dynamics of asset prices and business cycle fluctuations is key; in a variant of the model that is unable to produce realistic macrofinance implications, monetary asymmetries disappear. Resorting to nonlinear techniques is therefore not sufficient to detect monetary asymmetries. Nonlinearities in the transmission mechanism also critically depend on the macrofinance implications of monetary policy models.
REGULARIZED GMM FOR TIME‐VARYING MODELS WITH APPLICATIONS TO ASSET PRICING
Authors: Cui Liyuan , Feng Guanhao , Hong Yongmiao
Published: October 2023

We propose a regularized generalized method of moments (RegGMM) approach to estimating time‐varying coefficient models via a ridge fusion penalty with a high‐dimensional set of moment conditions. RegGMM only requires a mild condition on the oscillations between consecutive parameter values, accommodating abrupt structural breaks and smooth changes throughout the sample period. RegGMM offers an alternative solution for estimating the time‐varying stochastic discount factor model when pricing U.S. equity cross‐sectional returns. Our time‐varying estimate paths for factor risk prices capture changing performance across multiple risk factors and depict potential regime‐switching scenarios. Finally, RegGMM demonstrates superior asset pricing and investment performance gains compared to alternative methods.
Exploring the Geographic Consequences of Public Policies Using Evolutionary Algorithms
Authors: Bennett David A. , Xiao Ningchuan , Armstrong Marc P.
Published: October 2023

Public policies with geographical consequences are often difficult to analyze because they affect multiple stakeholders with competing objectives. While such problems fall conceptually into the domain of multiobjective evaluation, associated analytical techniques often search for a single optimum solution. Within the context of geographical problems, optimality often means different things to different stakeholders and, thus, an optimum optimorum may not exist. In this article, we present a new technique based on an evolutionary algorithm (EA) that produces a large number of optimal and near‐optimal solutions to a large class of land management problems. As implemented for this article, solutions represent landscape patterns that produce services that meet stakeholder needs to varying degrees. The construction of curves that illustrate the trade‐offs among various services given limited resources is central to this approach. Decision makers can use these curves to help find solutions that strike a balance among conflicting objectives and, thus, meet stakeholder needs. To provide context to this work we consider the impact of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Conservation Reserve Program on rural landscapes. Three objectives are assumed: (1) maximize farm income, (2) maximize environmental quality, (3) minimize public investment in conservation programs; the first two are viewed as services desired by stakeholders. Analytical and visualization tools are developed to reduce the burden associated with exploring the large number of solutions that are produced by this technique. The results illustrate that the EA‐based approach can produce results equal to and significantly more diverse than conventional integer programming techniques.
Disturbance Pharmacopoeias: Medicine and Myth from the Humid Tropics
Authors: Voeks Robert A.
Published: October 2023

The much‐publicized quest for miracle drug plants in tropical rainforests has provided compelling support for the preservationist agenda. This article questions the assumptions that underpin this claim, particularly the myth that pristine forest represents the primary repository of nature's medicinal providence. After tracing colonial European efforts at medicinal plant discovery, intellectual property exploitation, and plant transference and acclimation, I review the recent resurgence of scientific interest in tropical folk pharmacopoeias. In spite of the image marketed by environmental entrepreneurs, the medicinal foraging preference of rural tropical groups is largely successional mosaics of their own creation—trails, kitchen gardens, swiddens, and forest fallows. Focusing on the subsistence transition from hunting and gathering to small‐scale cultivation, I propose that disturbance pharmacopoeias are the logical outcome of changing subsistence strategies, ecological processes, and disease patterns. Salient, familiar, accessible, and rich in bioactive compounds, anthropogenic nature represents the ideal tropical medicine chest. Whereas bioprospecting enterprises carried out during the colonial period and at present employ similar rhetoric—deadly disease, miracle cures, and fantastic profits—these endeavors were in the past and continue to be buttressed by fictitious notions of virgin tropical nature and the mysterious healing powers of its “primitives.”Key Words: pharmacopoeia, tropical rainforest, ethnobotany, medicinal plants, human ecology.
Linking flexural strength and strength‐limiting flaws in additively manufactured alumina with print parameter variations
Authors: Boardman Sarah , Packard Corinne E.
Published: October 2023

Advancing the adoption of lithography‐based ceramic manufacturing (LCM) for structural applications requires understanding how processing parameters impact the printed material's flaw population and failure behavior. Exploratory studies on LCM alumina have mixed results regarding print parameter influence on strength and past fractography is insufficiently complete to guide process engineering for better performance. We perform four‐point flexural strength characterization and comprehensive fractography of LCM alumina to evaluate the impact of processing parameters including orientation, layer height, and curing energy on strength‐limiting defects. Characteristic strengths for fully dense, high‐purity LCM alumina are near or above conventionally processed alumina within the manufacturable range of print parameters studied in this work. Conversely, the Weibull modulus varies greatly (m = 3.8–19.5) depending on print parameters. The dominant strength‐controlling defects all have a printing‐based origin, but vary between delamination, surface texture, and bubbles depending on print orientation. Lowest performance results from alignment of the print axis along the bar length, yielding a low Weibull modulus associated with weak delamination flaws that are not appreciably improved by varying print layer height or curing energy.
Migration patterns and navigation cues of Atlantic salmon post‐smolts migrating from 12 rivers through the coastal zones around the Irish Sea
Authors: Lilly Jessie , Honkanen Hannele H. , Rodger Jessica R. , del Villar Diego , Boylan Patrick , Green Amy , Pereiro Diego , Wilkie Lorna , Kennedy Richard , Barkley Andrea , Rosell Robert , Maoiléidigh Niall Ó. , O'Neill Ross , Waters Catherine , Cotter Deirdre , Bailey David , Roche William , McGill Ross , Barry James , Beck Samantha V. , Henderson Jim , Parke Debbie , Whoriskey Frederick G. , Shields Brian , Ramsden Philip , Walton Silas , Fletcher Melanie , Whelan Ken , Bean Colin W. , Elliott Sophie , Bowman Adrian , Adams Colin E.
Published: October 2023

The freshwater phase of the first seaward migration of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is relatively well understood when compared with our understanding of the marine phase of their migration. In 2021, 1008 wild and 60 ranched Atlantic salmon smolts were tagged with acoustic transmitters in 12 rivers in England, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Ireland. Large marine receiver arrays were deployed in the Irish Sea at two locations: at the transition of the Irish Sea into the North Atlantic between Ireland and Scotland, and between southern Scotland and Northern Ireland, to examine the early phase of the marine migration of Atlantic salmon smolts. After leaving their natal rivers' post‐smolt migration through the Irish Sea was rapid with minimum speeds ranging from 14.03 to 38.56 km.day−1 for Atlantic salmon smolts that entered the Irish Sea directly from their natal river, to 9.69–39.94 km.day−1 for Atlantic salmon smolts that entered the Irish Sea directly from their natal estuary. Population minimum migration success through the study area was strongly correlated with the distance of travel, populations further away from the point of entry to the open North Atlantic exhibited lower migration success. Post‐smolts from different populations experienced different water temperatures on entering the North Atlantic. This was largely driven by the timing of their migration and may have significant consequences for feeding and ultimately survivorship. The influence of water currents on post‐smolt movement was investigated using data from previously constructed numerical hydrodynamic models. Modeled water current data in the northern Irish Sea showed that post‐smolts had a strong preference for migrating when the current direction was at around 283° (west‐north‐west) but did not migrate when exposed to strong currents in other directions. This is the most favorable direction for onward passage from the Irish Sea to the continental shelf edge current, a known accumulation point for migrating post‐smolts. These results strongly indicate that post‐smolts migrating through the coastal marine environment are: (1) not simply migrating by current following (2) engage in active directional swimming (3) have an intrinsic sense of their migration direction and (4) can use cues other than water current direction to orientate during this part of their migration.