bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiorgan‐on‐a‐chip for realization of gut‐skin axis
Authors: Lee Hye Ri , Sung Jong Hwan
Published: June 2022

The concept of physiological link between the gut and the skin, known as the gut‐skin axis, has been gaining more evidence recently. Although experimental data from animal and human studies support the existence of the gut‐skin axis, in vitro model platforms that can test the hypothesis are lacking. Organ‐on‐a‐chip offers the possibility of connecting different tissues and recapitulating interactions between them. In this study, we report a multiorgan chip that can capture the basic interorgan communication between the gut and the skin. Its modular design enables separate culture and differentiation of the gut and skin tissues, and after assembly the two organs are connected via microfluidic channels than enables perfusion and mass transfer. We showed that the impairment of the gut barrier function exacerbated the adverse effect of fatty acids on skin cells, with decreased viability, increased level of cytokine secretion and human beta defensin‐2 (hBD‐2), an inflammatory dermal disease marker. Based on these results, we believe that our multiorgan chip can be a novel in vitro platform for recapitulating complex mechanisms underlying the gut‐skin axis.
Engineering of reaction specificity, enantioselectivity, and catalytic activity of nitrilase for highly efficient synthesis of pregabalin precursor
Authors: Lu Xia‐Feng , Diao Hong‐Juan , Wu Zhe‐Ming , Zhang Zi‐Long , Zheng Ren‐Chao , Zheng Yu‐Guo
Published: June 2022

Simultaneous evolution of multiple enzyme properties remains challenging in protein engineering. A chimeric nitrilase (BaNITM0) with high activity towards isobutylsuccinonitrile (IBSN) was previously constructed for biosynthesis of pregabalin precursor (S)‐3‐cyano‐5‐methylhexanoic acid ((S)‐CMHA). However, BaNITM0 also catalyzed the hydration of IBSN to produce by‐product (S)‐3‐cyano‐5‐methylhexanoic amide. To obtain industrial nitrilase with vintage performance, we carried out engineering of BaNITM0 for simultaneous evolution of reaction specificity, enantioselectivity, and catalytic activity. The best variant V82L/M127I/C237S (BaNITM2) displayed higher enantioselectivity (E = 515), increased enzyme activity (5.4‐fold) and reduced amide formation (from 15.8% to 1.9%) compared with BaNITM0. Structure analysis and molecular dynamics simulations indicated that mutation M127I and C237S restricted the movement of E66 in the catalytic triad, resulting in decreased amide formation. Mutation V82L was incorporated to induce the reconstruction of the substrate binding region in the enzyme catalytic pocket, engendering the improvement of stereoselectivity. Enantio‐ and regio‐selective hydrolysis of 150 g/L IBSN using 1.5 g/L Escherichia coli cells harboring BaNITM2 as biocatalyst afforded (S)‐CMHA with >99.0% ee and 45.9% conversion, which highlighted the robustness of BaNITM2 for efficient manufacturing of pregabalin.
Thinking too much: How young people experience rumination in the context of loneliness
Authors: Yun Rumi Chloe , Fardghassemi Sam , Joffe Hélène
Published: June 2022

The recent rise in the prevalence of loneliness, particularly among young adults, coupled with its deleterious effects on wellbeing, makes understanding the issue of pressing concern. As most research on loneliness has focused on older adults, this study explored how 48 young adults aged 18–24 subjectively experienced loneliness through free association‐based interviews. Participants were sampled from the four most deprived boroughs in London, as area deprivation has been associated with a higher prevalence of loneliness. This facilitates understanding of contributors and consequences of loneliness within this demographic group. In particular, the focus is on rumination arising from loneliness; while the link between the two is well‐established quantitively, research into rumination and the context of ruminative thoughts in the context of loneliness remains sparse. Thus, this study aimed to understand the subjective experience of rumination in young adults whilst they experienced loneliness. Thematic analysis of interviews using ATLAS.ti 9 revealed five themes capturing these experiences: ‘temporal experience of rumination’, ‘ruminating life and death’, ‘rumination related to others’, ‘outcomes of rumination’ and ‘coping with loneliness‐related rumination’. Based upon knowledge of the nature and content of rumination, further research could devise models of rumination and interventions targeted at rumination such as mindfulness meditation, journaling and engaging in prosocial behaviour, to mitigate the adverse effects loneliness can have on wellbeing.
Rendezvous endoscopy using a transillumination fashion as a feasible and safe alternative to endoscopic ultrasound‐guided recanalization in case of complete anastomotic stricture
Authors: Bisogni Damiano , Talamucci Luca , Manetti Roberto
Published: June 2022

Complete colorectal anastomotic strictures are rare and difficult to solve surgical complications. In case of failure of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided recanalization (usually the first choice treatment), rendezvous maneuver using a transillumination fashion represents a feasible and safe procedure to reconstitute the completely obstructed colonic lumen.
Acute lithiasis cholangitis in pregnant women: About three cases
Authors: Mahjoubi Mohamed Farès , Dhaou Anis Ben , Karoui Yasser , Rezgui Bochra , Essid Nada , Moussa Mounir Ben
Published: June 2022

Acute lithiasis cholangitis is a rare non‐obstetric emergency during pregnancy, which may threaten fetus and mother's life. It requires a codified management in order to avoid complications. In this current study, we aimed to report our center experience in the management of acute lithiasis cholangitis occurring in three pregnant women.
Occult breast cancer metastasis to the thyroid gland: Case report
Authors: Gharib Masoumeh , Nosrati Fatemeh , Vedad Parisa
Published: June 2022

Thyroid metastases of occult breast cancer are very rare. A 48‐year‐old female patient presented with chronic bone pain, bone, liver and thyroid nodules, and pleural effusion. Histopathological result of the thyroid showed poorly differentiated papillary thyroid carcinoma. However, clinical laboratory and immunohistochemistry studies showed breast origin of the thyroid lesion.
Definition, Characterization, and Modeling of Hybrid Modular‐Monolithic Process Plants
Authors: Markaj Artan , Fay Alexander , Kockmann Norbert
Published: June 2022

The modularization of production plants and their automation in the pharmaceutical and (bio‐)chemical industry is currently gaining attention and is subject of standardization efforts. The combination of modular and monolithic (bio‐)chemical plants and related engineering processes, i.e., hybrid process plants and hybrid engineering, respectively, offers advantages in production flexibility and time to operation. However, combining the different approaches is full of hurdles and unsolved issues. In this paper, hybrid process plants are defined and characterized in a process systems framework. Modeling and simulation requirements are elaborated for the engineering workflow of hybrid process plants. The contribution concludes with summarizing current research topics and pointing to a future research agenda.
PROTOCOL: Digital interventions to reduce social isolation and loneliness in older adults: An evidence and gap map
Authors: Welch Vivian , Ghogomu Elizabeth Tanjong , Barbeau Victoria I. , Boulton Elisabeth , Boutin Sabrina , Haitas Niobe , Kneale Dylan , Salzwedel Douglas M. , Simard Roger , Herbert Paul , Mikton Christopher
Published: June 2022

This is the protocol for a Campbell evidence and gap map. The objectives are as follows: the aim is to map available evidence on the effects of digital interventions to mitigate social isolation and/or loneliness in older adults in all settings except hospital settings.
The potential of developing a protective peptide‐based vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Shalash Ahmed O. , Toth Istvan , Skwarczynski Mariusz
Published: June 2022

COVID‐19 pandemic has been the deadliest infectious disease outbreak since Spanish flu. The emerging variant lineages, decay of neutralizing antibodies, and occur of reinfections require the development of highly protective and safe vaccines. As currently approved COVID‐19 vaccines that utilize virus‐related genetic material are less than ideal, other vaccine types have been also widely investigated. Among them, peptide‐based vaccines hold great promise in countering COVID‐19 as they may overcome most of the shortcomings of RNA/DNA and protein vaccines. Two basic types of potential peptide vaccines can be developed. The first type are those which rely on cytotoxic T‐cell (CTL) responses to kill infected host cells and stop the replication via employing CTL‐epitopes as vaccine antigens. The second type of peptide vaccines are those that rely on B‐cell peptide epitopes to trigger humoral response via generating SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific antibodies to neutralize and/or opsonize the virus. We propose that combining both cellular and humoral immune responses would be highly protective. Here we discuss opportunities and challenges in the development of an effective and safe peptide‐based vaccine against COVID‐19.
Species distributions and the recognition of risk in restoration planning: A case study of salmonid fishes
Authors: Walther Eric J. , Zimmerman Mara S. , Falke Jeffrey A. , Westley Peter A. H.
Published: June 2022

One of the risks faced by habitat restoration practitioners is whether habitats included in restoration planning will be used by the target species or, conversely, whether habitats excluded from restoration planning would have benefited the target species. With the goal of providing a quantitative decision‐making approach that represented varying levels of risk tolerance, we used multiple probability decision thresholds (PDT) to predict the range of occurrence for three anadromous fishes (Oncorhynchus spp.) in a watershed in southwestern Washington, USA. For each species, we compared the predicted range of occurrence to the distribution used for restoration planning and quantified the amount of habitat blocked by anthropogenic barriers. Coho salmon (O. kisutch) had the broadest predicted range of occurrence (3061.6–6357.9 km; 0.75–0.25 PDT), followed by steelhead trout (O. mykiss; 1828.8–2836.8 km) and chum salmon (O. keta; 1373.9–1629.1 km). For each species, the predicted range of occurrence was similar or greater than the distribution used for restoration planning, suggesting that the current plan may exclude habitats that would benefit each species. Coho salmon had the greatest percentage of habitat blocked by anthropogenic barriers, followed by steelhead trout and chum salmon, respectively. Modeling species distributions at multiple risk‐tolerance scenarios acknowledges uncertainty in restoration planning and allows practitioners to weigh the ecological benefits and budgetary constraints when considering locations for restoration. To effectively communicate restoration science to support practitioners in decision‐making, we developed an R Shiny application online user interface available at: https://shiny.wdfw-fish.us/ChehalisRiverBasinSalmonidRangeOfOccurence/.
Productivity of riparian Populus forests: Satellite assessment along a prairie river with an environmental flow regime
Authors: Zimmerman Oscar R. , Rood Stewart B. , Flanagan Lawrence B.
Published: June 2022

In semiarid regions, the growth and survival of cottonwoods (riparian Populus species) depend on river water supplementing the limited precipitation. Indicators of growth and productivity are needed to assess how altered streamflow regimes on regulated rivers impact cottonwood trees and the riparian forest ecosystems they support. We used satellite imagery from the Landsat program to make historical (1984–2020) assessments of ecosystem productivity in a riparian cottonwood forest along a regulated prairie river in southern Alberta, Canada, with an environmental flow regime that increased the minimum flows implemented in 1993. A version of the near‐infrared reflectance of vegetation scaled with incoming sunlight (NIRvP) was calculated from Landsat images to provide a proxy for primary production. Near‐infrared reflectance of vegetation scaled with incoming sunlight was correlated strongly with gross primary production measurements from eddy covariance and basal area increment measurements from tree ring analyses, supporting its use as a practical proxy. The lowest NIRvP values occurred in drought years with low flows and dry weather during the growing season, while the highest values occurred in wet years with high flows, including floods. Across all years, NIRvP was positively correlated with streamflow and a weather‐driven soil moisture index. This indicated that ecosystem productivity was limited by water supply, which is sourced from river water and local precipitation. Subsequently, cottonwood forests in this region would be vulnerable to drought from declines in streamflow, due to climatic variations or human water withdrawals, and reductions in shallow soil moisture from limited local precipitation. This satellite proxy should be broadly applicable and can provide a diagnostic indicator for assessing riparian forest health and responses to varying weather, changing climate, and streamflow regulation.
Electrostatic Self‐Assembly of Ti3C2Tx MXene/Cellulose Nanofiber Composite Films for Wearable Supercapacitor and Joule Heater
Authors: Zhou Guoqiang , Wang Xiao , Wan Ting , Liu Chaozheng , Chen Weimin , Jiang Shaohua , Han Jingquan , Yan Youguo , Li Meichun , Mei Changtong
Published: June 2022

The titanium carbide nanosheets (MXene) hold great potential for fabricating high‐performance electronics due to their two‐dimensional layered structure, high electrical conductivity, and versatile surface chemistry. However, assembling the small MXene nanosheets into flexible macroscopic films for wearable electronics still remains a challenge. Herein, we report the hierarchical assembling of MXene nanosheets and cellulose nanofibers into high‐performance composite films via an electrostatic self‐assembly strategy induced by polyethyleneimine. Benefited from the nacre‐like microstructure of MXene “bricks” and cellulose nanofibers “mortars” interlocked by polyethyleneimine via hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction, composite films possess integrated superior flexibility, high tensile strength, and stable electrical conductivity, which are advantageous for wearable electronic applications. To provide a proof‐of‐concept design, a symmetric quasi‐solid‐state supercapacitor with the as‐prepared composite film as electrode is fabricated, which exhibits a specific capacitance of 93.9 mF cm−2 at a current density of 0.1 mA cm−2 and almost constant capacitive behavior under different bending states. In addition, the composite film possesses capacities of electrothermal conversion and complete degradation in a hydrogen peroxide solution. These results demonstrate that the electrostatically self‐assembled composite films hold great promise in the development of highly flexible, mechanically robust, and environmentally friendly energy storage and conversion devices.
Stable Methylammonium‐Free p‐i‐n Perovskite Solar Cells and Mini‐Modules with Phenothiazine Dimers as Hole‐Transporting Materials
Authors: Castriotta Luigi Angelo , Infantino Rossella , Vesce Luigi , Stefanelli Maurizio , Dessì Alessio , Coppola Carmen , Calamante Massimo , Reginato Gianna , Mordini Alessandro , Sinicropi Adalgisa , Di Carlo Aldo , Zani Lorenzo
Published: June 2022

During the last decade, perovskite solar technologies underwent an impressive development, with power conversion efficiencies reaching 25.5% for single‐junction devices and 29.8% for Silicon‐Perovskite tandem configurations. Even though research mainly focused on improving the efficiency of perovskite photovoltaics (PV), stability and scalability remain fundamental aspects of a mature photovoltaics technology. For n‐i‐p structure perovskite solar cells, using poly‐triaryl(amine) (PTAA) as hole transport layer (HTL) allowed to achieve marked improvements in device stability compared with other common hole conductors. For p‐i‐n structure, poly‐triaryl(amine) is also routinely used as dopant‐free hole transport layer, but problems in perovskite film growth, and its limited resistance to stress and imperfect batch‐to‐batch reproducibility, hamper its use for device upscaling. Following previous computational investigations, in this work, we report the synthesis of two small‐molecule organic hole transport layers (BPT‐1,2), aiming to solve the above‐mentioned issues and allow upscale to the module level. By using BPT‐1 and methylammonium‐free perovskite, max. Power conversion efficiencies of 17.26% and 15.42% on a small area (0.09 cm2) and mini‐module size (2.25 cm2), respectively, were obtained, with a better reproducibility than with poly‐triaryl(amine). Moreover, BPT‐1 was demonstrated to yield more stable devices compared with poly‐triaryl(amine) under ISOS‐D1, T1, and L1 accelerated life‐test protocols, reaching maximum T90 values >1000 h on all tests.
Noble‐Metal‐Free Oxygen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalysts Working at High Current Densities over 1000 mA cm−2: From Fundamental Understanding to Design Principles
Authors: Zhang Xian , Jin Mengtian , Jia Feifei , Huang Jiaqi , Amini Abbas , Song Shaoxian , Yi Hao , Cheng Chun
Published: June 2022

Alkaline water electrolysis provides a promising route for “green hydrogen” generation, where anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) plays a crucial role in coupling with cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction. To date, the development of highly active and durable OER catalysts based on earth‐abundant elements has drawn wide attention; nevertheless, their performance under high current densities (HCDs ≥1000 mA cm−2) has been less emphasized. This situation has seriously impeded large‐scale electrolysis industrialization. In this review, in order to provide a guideline for designing high‐performance OER electrocatalysts, the effects of HCD on catalytic performance involving electron transfer, mass transfer, and physical/chemical stability are summarized. Furthermore, the design principles were pointed out for obtaining efficient and robust OER electrocatalysts in light of recent progress of OER electrocatalysts working above 1000 mA cm−2. These include the aspects of developing self‐supported catalytic electrodes, enhancing intrinsic activity, enhancing the catalyst–support interaction, engineering surface wettability, and introducing protective layer. Finally, summaries and outlooks in achieving OER at industrially relevant HCDs are proposed.
Sodium Diffuses from Glass Substrates through P1 Lines and Passivates Defects in Perovskite Solar Modules
Authors: Kosasih Felix Utama , Di Giacomo Francesco , Ferrer Orri Jordi , Li Kexue , Tennyson Elizabeth M. , Li Weiwei , Matteocci Fabio , Kusch Gunnar , Yaghoobi Nia Narges , Oliver Rachel A. , MacManus‐Driscoll Judith L. , Moore Katie L. , Stranks Samuel D. , Di Carlo Aldo , Divitini Giorgio , Ducati Caterina
Published: June 2022

Most thin‐film photovoltaic modules are constructed on soda‐lime glass (SLG) substrates containing alkali oxides, such as Na2O. Na may diffuse from SLG into a module's active layers through P1 lines, an area between a module's constituent cells where the substrate‐side charge transport layer (CTL) is in direct contact with SLG. Na diffusion from SLG is known to cause several important effects in II–VI and chalcogenide solar modules, but it has not been studied in perovskite solar modules (PSMs). In this work, we use complementary microscopy and spectroscopy techniques to show that Na diffusion occurs in the fabrication process of PSMs. Na diffuses vertically inside P1 lines and then laterally from P1 lines into the active area for up to 360 μm. We propose that this process is driven by the high temperatures the devices are exposed to during CTL and perovskite annealing. The diffused Na preferentially binds with Br, forming Br‐poor, I‐rich perovskite and a species rich in Na and Br (Na‐Br) close to P1 lines. Na‐Br passivates defect sites, reducing non‐radiative recombination in the perovskite and boosting its luminescence by up to 5×. Na‐Br is observed to be stable after 12 weeks of device storage, suggesting long‐lasting effects of Na diffusion. Our results not only point to a potential avenue to increase PSM performance but also highlight the possibility of unabated Na diffusion throughout a module's lifetime, especially if accelerated by the electric field and elevated temperatures achievable during device operation.
Variation in heart rate range by 24‐h Holter monitoring predicts heart failure in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Oikawa Jun , Fukaya Hidehira , Ishii Shunsuke , Nabeta Takeru , Nakamura Hironori , Ishizue Naruya , Kitasato Lisa , Kishihara Jun , Yamaoka‐Tojo Minako , Niwano Shinichi , Ako Junya
Published: June 2022

Aims

The analysis of heart rate (HR) changes, such as the HR variability or HR turbulence, has been reported as a marker of cardiovascular events during sinus rhythm; however, those relationships during atrial fibrillation (AF) remain controversial, and those parameters are not commonly used in AF patients. We sought to investigate the relationship between a simple index focused on the HR and heart failure (HF) events in patients with permanent AF.

Methods and results

We enrolled 198 patients with permanent AF and evaluated the HR range, defined as the maximum HR minus the minimum HR on 24‐h Holter electrocardiogram recordings. The patients were divided into two groups, i.e., the larger (n = 101) and smaller (n = 97) HR range (HRR) groups, determined by the median value. The HF events were defined as hospitalizations for HF or urgent hospital visits due to exacerbations of one's HF status. The observation period of this study was set at 5 years from registration. The median age was 73 (68–77) years, and 29% were female. The median HRR was 84 (63–118) beats per minutes (bpm). During the observational period of 1825 days (median), HF events occurred in 37 (0.047 per patient‐year) patients. In a log‐rank test, the larger HRR group had more frequent HF events than the smaller HRR group (P = 0.0078). In the adjusted Cox proportional hazards model using the significantly different factors from the univariate analysis (Model 1) and factors and medications associated with HF (Model 2), the larger HRR group had a higher prevalence of HF events than the smaller HRR group for both models [Model 1, adjusted hazard ratio = 3.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.593–6.708, P = 0.0009; Model 2, adjusted hazard ratio = 3.12, 95% CI 1.522–6.685, P = 0.002]. When analysed using the time‐dependent Cox proportional hazards model, the HRR was associated with HF with a statistically significant difference in both the univariate and multivariate analyses [hazard ratio = 1.01, 95% CI 1.006–1.020, P = 0.0002; Model 1, adjusted hazard ratio = 1.02, 95% CI 1.011–1.027, P < 0.0001; Model 2, adjusted hazard ratio = 1.01, 95% CI 1.008–1.021, P = 0.0003). There was no significant difference in the chronotropic medications between the two groups.

Conclusions

In patients with permanent AF, a larger HRR was associated with HF events.
Risk factors of short‐term, intermediate‐term, and long‐term cardiac events in patients hospitalized for HFmrEF
Authors: Zhu Yunlong , Peng Xin , Wu Mingxin , Huang Haobo , Li Na , Chen Yongliang , Xiao Sha , Zhang Hui , Zhou Yuying , Chen Sihao , Liu Zhican , Yi Liqing , Peng Yiqun , Fan Jie , Zeng Jianping
Published: June 2022

Aims

Clinical data on the prognostic determinants over varying periods within the same cohort of heart failure with mid‐range or mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) remain scarce. This study aimed to identify the short‐term, intermediate‐term, and long‐term risk factors of adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in patients hospitalized for HFmrEF.

Methods and results

This retrospective study included 1691 consecutive HFmrEF patients admitted to our hospital between January 2015 and August 2020. Baseline data including clinical characteristics, laboratory and cardiac imaging examinations were obtained. Patients completed at least 1 year clinical follow‐up after discharge by telephone interview, clinical visit, or community visit. The primary endpoint was defined as a composite of CV death or rehospitalization for heart failure (CV events) at 3, 12, and 33 months after the diagnosis of HFmrEF. Mean age of the whole cohort was 69 (61–77) years and 64.8% were male. The median clinical follow‐up was 33 (20–50) months. CV events were 17.5%, 28.2%, and 57.8% at 3, 12, and 33 months after discharge, respectively. Independent risk factors for CV events were uric acid >382 μmol/L, creatinine >100 μmol/L, N‐terminal pro‐B type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) > 3368 pg/mL and haemoglobin <120 g/L for men and <110 g/L for women at 3 and 12 months. Pulmonary artery systolic pressure >35 mmHg and the ratio of early transmitral flow velocity to early mitral annular velocity >18 served as independent risk factors for CV events at 12 months. At 33 months, uric acid > 382 μmol/L, NT‐proBNP >3368 pg/mL, and pulmonary artery systolic pressure >35 mmHg were the independent risk factors of CV events.

Conclusions

Higher uric acid, creatinine, NT‐proBNP, and lower haemoglobin levels at baseline are valuable serum biomarkers for risk stratification of short‐term and long‐term CV outcomes of HFmrEF patients. Future studies are needed to verify if intensive heart failure therapy for identified high‐risk HFmrEF patients based on these four serum biomarkers could improve their short‐term and long‐term CV outcomes or not.
Prognostic importance of improving hepatorenal function during hospitalization in acute decompensated heart failure
Authors: Mizobuchi Saki , Saito Yuki , Fujito Hidesato , Miyagawa Masatsugu , Kitano Daisuke , Toyama Kazuto , Fukamachi Daisuke , Okumura Yasuo
Published: June 2022

Aims

The Model for End‐stage Liver Disease eXcluding International normalized ratio (MELD‐XI) is an established scoring system that reflects hepatorenal function. However, little is known about the prognostic value of changes in MELD‐XI score during hospitalization in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF).

Methods and results

We prospectively analysed 536 patients admitted for ADHF between January 2018 and December 2019. In the MELD‐XI, 9.44 is the lowest possible score and considered to be normal, and values above 9.44 are classified as high. We calculated MELD‐XI scores at admission and discharge and used them to divide patients into four groups depending on whether the score was high (>9.44) or normal (9.44) at each time point as follows: normal score at both measurements (persistently normal group, n = 99), high score at admission and normal score at discharge (high‐to‐normal group, n = 108), normal score at admission and high score at discharge (normal‐to‐high group, n = 24), and high score at both measurements (persistently high group, n = 305). The persistently high group had higher blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide levels at both admission and discharge and significantly higher left ventricular end‐diastolic, left atrial, right ventricular end‐diastolic, and maximal inferior vena cava diameters at discharge. During the median follow‐up period of 369 days (Q1, Q3: 97, 576), 231 (43.1%) patients reached the primary endpoint (a composite of all‐cause death or re‐hospitalization for heart failure). The Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed a significantly higher composite event rate in the persistently high group than in the persistently normal and high‐to‐normal groups (log‐rank test, P < 0.001). Compared with the persistently high group, the high‐to‐normal group remained significantly associated with lower composite event risk after multivariate adjustment (hazard ratio, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.12–0.69; P = 0.004).

Conclusions

Our study suggests that changes in hepatorenal function during hospitalization are associated with the severity of heart failure and systemic congestion and that they provide useful information for predicting clinical outcomes in patients with ADHF.
Association of gut‐specific non‐inflammatory T lymphocytes with chronic anorexia nervosa and constitutional thinness
Authors: Gabriel Tristan , Massoubre Catherine , Hanachi Mouna , Doré Joel , Lambert Claude , Germain Natacha , Galusca Bogdan , Paul Stephane
Published: June 2022

Objective

Previous studies of AN showed low‐grade inflammation. Are low‐grade inflammation and circulating lymphocytes associated with chronic conditions?

Method

Peripheric blood cytokines were measured using Luminex™ technology in a chronic AN cohort (mean = 67.42 months), compared to Constitutional Thinness (CT), Constitutional Obesity (CO), and Healthy Controls (HC). Secondarily a prospective cohort of chronic AN (mean = 54.11 months) was recruited to compare the functional lymphocyte profile in blood by flow cytometry to CT and HC.

Results

In the AN group, most cytokine concentrations were lower than in CT and HC groups. The IL‐23 (98.02 pg/ml) was elevated related to HC and CO, and the IL‐10 (4.178 pg/ml) was elevated versus CO. In the CT group, IL‐9 (0.06216 pg/ml) was elevated compared to AN. The AN group had high Treg (9.259% of CD4+) and CD8+Integrinβ7+ (9.552% of CD3+) versus HC for lymphocyte populations. In CT group, elevated Treg (9.7% of CD4+) elevated percentage of CD4+CCR9+ (5.867% of CD3+) and CD8+Integrinβ7+ (10.21% of CD3+) were found versus HC.

Conclusions

The chronic state of AN and CT is surprisingly non‐inflammatory with elevated Treg cells. These results suggest that maintaining a dysregulated response to intestinal antigens may contribute to maintaining AN.
Caring for a child with an eating disorder: Understanding differences among mothers and fathers of adolescent and adult children
Authors: Stillar Amanda , Merali Noorfarah , Gusella Joanna , Scarborough Jennifer , Nash Patricia , Orr Emily , Henderson Katherine , Mayman Shari , Files Natasha , Lafrance Adele
Published: June 2022

Objective

This study investigated treatment‐engagement fears, self‐efficacy, and accommodating and enabling in mothers and fathers of adolescent and adult children with eating disorders.

Methods

This study involved a secondary analysis of pre‐treatment data from a subsample of 143 parents (95 mothers; 48 fathers) from a Canada‐wide multi‐site study. Parents completed the Caregiver Traps Scale, Parents Versus Anorexia Scale, and the Accommodation and Enabling Scale for Eating Disorders. Data were analysed using factorial Multivariate Analysis of Variance and mediation via multiple regression.

Results

Mothers reported higher levels of treatment‐engagement fears than fathers. Among mothers, higher fear predicted lower self‐efficacy and more accommodating and enabling behaviours. Among fathers, neither fear nor self‐efficacy predicted accommodating and enabling. No differences in treatment‐engagement fear or self‐efficacy between parents of adolescent child and adult children were found at pre‐treatment.

Conclusions

Mothers' and fathers' experience different levels of fear related to their involvement in their ill‐child's treatment at pre‐treatment, and that fear is uniquely related to variables that impact treatment outcomes. There is a need to support parents even when their child is an adult. This study can inform family‐based treatments vis‐a‐vis tailoring interventions for mothers and fathers and providing support to parents of children with eating disorders across the lifespan.
Interest rate uncertainty and the predictability of bank revenues
Authors: Cepni Oguzhan , Demirer Riza , Gupta Rangan , Sensoy Ahmet
Published: June 2022

This paper examines the predictive power of interest rate uncertainty over pre‐provision net revenues (PPNR) in a large panel of bank holding companies (BHC). Utilizing a linear dynamic panel model based on Bayes predictor, we show that supplementing forecasting models with interest rate uncertainty improves the forecasting performance with the augmented model yielding lower forecast errors in comparison to a baseline model which includes unemployment rate, federal funds rate, and spread variables. Further separating PPNRs into two components that reflect net interest and non‐interest income, we show that the predictive power of interest rate uncertainty is concentrated on the non‐interest component of bank revenues. Finally, examining the point predictions under a severely stressed scenario, we show that the model can successfully predict the negative effect on overall bank revenues with a rise in the non‐interest component of income during 2009:Q1. Overall, the findings suggest that stress testing exercises that involve bank revenue models can benefit from the inclusion of interest rate uncertainty and the cross‐sectional information embedded in the panel of BHCs.
Changes in behavioral activities and transition of depressive symptoms among younger‐old community‐dwelling adults during 6 years: An age‐specific prospective cohort study
Authors: Shan Yifan , Zhao Wenjing , Hao Wen , Kimura Takashi , Ukawa Shigekazu , Ohira Hideki , Kawamura Takashi , Wakai Kenji , Ando Masahiko , Tamakoshi Akiko
Published: June 2022

Objective

Regular engagement in behavioral activities plays a crucial role against depressive symptoms in older adults. This study aims to explore the relationship between behavioral activities and the temporal evolution of depressive symptoms.

Methods

We included community‐dwelling Japanese adults aged 64 or 65 years with and without depressive symptoms enrolled in the New Integrated Suburban Seniority Investigation (NISSIN) project. Depressive symptoms at baseline and follow‐up were assessed using the 15‐item Geriatric Depression Scale. Behavioral activities were measured by self‐reported questions. Risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using modified Poisson regression, adjusting for relevant sociodemographic variables and health‐related confounders.

Results

During the 6 year follow‐up period, 139 (10.1%) without depressive symptoms at baseline developed such symptoms over time, while 174 (51.6%) with depressive symptoms improved to the point of these symptoms being absent. The participants without depressive symptoms at baseline and those who engaged in social activity or daily walking at a continued regular frequency (CRF) or an increased frequency (IF) and exercise habits at CRF were the least likely to have depressive symptoms onset at follow‐up. There was no significant difference between the changes in behavioral activities and the improvement of depressive symptoms after controlling for confounders. Participants engaging in a greater variety of behavioral activities at CRF were less likely to experience a new onset of depressive symptoms.

Conclusions

Consistent and regular participation in one or more behavioral activities was significantly associated with the onset of depressive symptoms in Japanese community‐dwelling older adults.
Spatial–temporal graph convolutional network for Alzheimer classification based on brain functional connectivity imaging of electroencephalogram
Authors: Shan Xiaocai , Cao Jun , Huo Shoudong , Chen Liangyu , Sarrigiannis Ptolemaios Georgios , Zhao Yifan
Published: June 2022

Functional connectivity of the human brain, representing statistical dependence of information flow between cortical regions, significantly contributes to the study of the intrinsic brain network and its functional mechanism. To fully explore its potential in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) using electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings, this article introduces a novel dynamical spatial–temporal graph convolutional neural network (ST‐GCN) for better classification performance. Different from existing studies that are based on either topological brain function characteristics or temporal features of EEG, the proposed ST‐GCN considers both the adjacency matrix of functional connectivity from multiple EEG channels and corresponding dynamics of signal EEG channel simultaneously. Different from the traditional graph convolutional neural networks, the proposed ST‐GCN makes full use of the constrained spatial topology of functional connectivity and the discriminative dynamic temporal information represented by the 1D convolution. We conducted extensive experiments on the clinical EEG data set of AD patients and Healthy Controls. The results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves better classification performance (92.3%) than the state‐of‐the‐art methods. This approach can not only help diagnose AD but also better understand the effect of normal ageing on brain network characteristics before we can accurately diagnose the condition based on resting‐state EEG.
Extreme temperatures during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes: Evidence from 2009 to 2018 U.S. national birth data
Authors: Cil Gulcan , Kim Jiyoon
Published: June 2022

We provide the first estimates of the impacts of prenatal exposure to extreme temperatures on infant health at birth using the latest national birth data from 2009 to 2018 from all U.S. states. We consistently find that an additional day with mean temperature greater than 80°F or less than 10°F increases preterm births and low birthweight. Strikingly, the adverse effects are borne disproportionately by Black and Hispanic mothers, suggesting that the projected increase in extreme temperatures may further exacerbate the existing birth health disparities across different race/ethnicity groups. We also contribute by investigating the impact of deviations from the normal weather pattern, to identify the extreme weather events after accounting for the adaptation response. We find that prenatal exposure to extreme heat two standard deviations above county's historic average induces preterm births and NICU admissions, particularly for mothers whose pregnancies overlap with summer months. These results are timely and policy relevant, considering the recent weather trends with rising temperatures and frequent extreme weather events.
Comparative effectiveness and stage‐shift effect of endoscopic exam among newly diagnosed oral cancer patients with different stages in Taiwan
Authors: Ho Chi‐Mei , Chen Yi‐Hsun , Hsu Wen‐Hung , Wang Winnie Yen‐Yun , Yuan Shyng‐Shiou F. , Wu I‐Chen , Hsieh Hui‐Min
Published: June 2022

Background

Patients with oral cancer are at higher risk of developing second primary esophageal cancer (SPEC) and the consensus for screening strategies remains unclear. This study aimed to examine comparative effectiveness and the stage‐shift effect of endoscopic exam among patients with oral cancer.

Method

A population‐based longitudinal retrospective observational matched case and control cohort study with at least 5 years follow‐up was conducted. We identified 45 457 newly diagnosed patients with oral cancer, 2004–2013, and the eligible patient with oral cancer was 39 401. Propensity score matching was used to match comparable groups, and the two groups (screening vs. nonscreening) was 5941, individually. The study primary endpoints were to compare detection of incident SPEC and the stage‐shift effect of endoscopic screening between screened and nonscreened incident oral cancer patients. Cox proportional hazard and competing risk models were analyzed. Statistical analyses were conducted in 2020–2021.

Result

Detection of incident SPEC in the screened group was significantly higher than in the nonscreened group (hazard ratio: 2.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.29–3.72). The stage‐shift effect from endoscopic screening was found overall in patients with oral cancer (odds ratio [OR]: 0.39, 95%CI: 0.21–0.70), in particular in advanced‐stage patients (OR: 0.25, 95%CI: 0.11–0.61), but not in early‐stage patients (OR: 0.60, 95%CI: 0.26–1.40).

Conclusion

This study confirmed that endoscopic screening achieved early detection of SPEC among patients with oral cancer. To improve the screening stage‐shift effect, patients with oral cancer are encouraged to undergo routine endoscopic screening.
Association of the MACROD2 rs6110695 A>G polymorphism with an increasing WBC count in a Korean population
Authors: Yang Jihye , Han Youngmin , Lee Jong Ho , Yoo Hye Jin
Published: June 2022

Introduction

We aimed to find a novel candidate gene related to the white blood cell (WBC) count in a Korean population. Since WBC count has been reported to have a relation to the risk of chronic diseases according to previous literature, WBC level prediction can be helpful for managing future risk of chronic disease development. In this aspect, a gene newly found in the present study is expected to be utilized as a tool for judging an individual's WBC level.

Methods

Based on the 153 study participants' genotype data produced by the Korean Chip. The mono‐adenosine diphosphate ribosylhydrolase 2 (MACROD2) rs6110695 A>G polymorphism had a significant strong association with WBC count, thus, the MACROD2 gene emerged as a novel candidate gene for WBC count. To verify the effects of the single‐nucleotide polymorphisms on WBC count, the participants were grouped according to the rs6110695 AA and AG genotypes.

Results

WBC to apolipoprotein A‐I ratio, WBC count, granulocyte to lymphocyte ratio, monocyte to platelet ratio, and interferon‐γ level were significantly higher in the AG genotype group than in the AA genotype group. Through the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the rs6110695 AA and AG genotypes were discriminated by the optimal WBC count cutoff value of 5.450. As expected, the results in the participants having a WBC count over 5.450 were similar to the AG genotype group.

Conclusions

We revealed that the MACROD2 rs6110695 AG genotype has an association with increasing WBC count. Since, as previous literature described, WBC count is one of the main risk factors for chronic diseases, WBC count measurement in individuals with the rs6110695 AG genotype that was found in the present study may help manage future chronic disease risk.
Synthesis, computer‐aided ADMET prediction, and molecular docking of novel 3,5,6‐trichloropyridin‐2‐yl derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents
Authors: El‐Zemity Saad R. , Badawy Mohamed E. I. , Esmaiel Kareem E. E. , Badr Mai M.
Published: June 2022

3,5,6‐Trichloropyridin‐2‐yl derivatives were synthesized and tested for antimicrobial activity. The chemical structures were inferred from the correct accurate spectroscopic and analytical data of the 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and MS techniques. The compounds were examined and screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus (G+), Staphylococcus aureus (G+), Escherichia coli (G−), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (G−). In addition, the compounds were evaluated as candidacidal agents against Candida albicans. Compounds 5, 7, and 8 were superior against bacteria to the standard. In both in vitro experiments and in silico studies, these compounds proved to be the most effective against bacteria and candida. A number of parameters relating to the physicochemical properties, drug‐likeness, and ADMET parameters have been simulated. Lipinski's parameter assessment showed that the synthesized compounds had good permeability in biological membranes and good gastrointestinal absorption (Log S of −4.06 to −5.77 and PSA <140). Molecular docking to the active sites of penicillin‐binding protein 2a (PDB: 1VQQ), and lanosterol 14‐alpha demethylase (PDB 1EA1), as target proteins, revealed that most compounds displayed minimal binding energy and have a good affinity toward the active pocket of each enzyme. This is the first article to describe the antimicrobial properties of 3,5,6‐trichloropyridin‐2‐yl‐based molecules derivatives.
Anxiety disorders across middle childhood and early adolescence in a UK population‐based cohort
Authors: Morales‐Muñoz Isabel , Hett Danielle , Humpston Clara , Mallikarjun Pavan K. , Marwaha Steven
Published: June 2022

Background

Patterns of development and underlying factors explaining anxiety disorders in children and adolescents are under‐researched, despite their high prevalence, impact and associations with other mental disorders. We aimed to a] understand the pattern and persistence of specific anxiety disorders; b] examine differing trajectories of symptoms of specific anxiety disorders and; c] examine socio‐demographic and health‐related predictors of persistent anxiety disorder‐specific symptoms, across middle childhood to early adolescence.

Methods

The current study used data from 8122 participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children birth cohort. The Development and Wellbeing Assessment questionnaire was administered to parents to capture child and adolescent anxiety total scores and DAWBA‐derived diagnoses. Separation anxiety, specific phobia, social anxiety, acute stress reaction, and generalized anxiety at 8, 10 and 13 years were selected. Further, we included the following socio‐demographic and health‐related predictors: sex, birth weight, sleep difficulties at 3.5 years, ethnicity, family adversity, maternal age at birth, maternal postnatal anxiety, maternal postnatal depression, maternal bonding, maternal socio‐economic status and maternal education.

Results

Different anxiety disorders presented different prevalence and patterns of development over time. Further, latent class growth analyses yielded a trajectory characterized by individuals with persistent high levels of anxiety across childhood and adolescence; for specific phobia (high = 5.8%; moderate = 20.5%; low = 73.6%), social anxiety (high = 3.4%; moderate = 12.1%; low = 84.5%), acute stress reaction (high = 1.9%; low = 98.1%) and generalized anxiety (high = 5.4%; moderate = 21.7%; low = 72.9%). Finally, the risk factors associated with each of the persistent high levels of anxiety disorders were child sleeping difficulties and postnatal maternal depression and anxiety.

Conclusions

Our findings show that a small group of children and young adolescents continue to suffer from frequent and severe anxiety. When considering treatment strategies for anxiety disorders in this group, children's sleep difficulties and postnatal maternal depression and anxiety need to be assessed as these may predict a more prolonged and severe course of illness.
Perinatal exposure to glyphosate‐based herbicides induced neurodevelopmental behaviors impairments and increased oxidative stress in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in offspring
Authors: de Oliveira Maria A. L. , Rojas Viviana C. T. , de Sá Josiane C. , de Novais Cíntia O. , Silva Mariana S. , de Almeida Paula Hudsara Aparecida , Kirsten Thiago B. , Bernardi Maria Martha , Pinheiro Lucas Cézar , Giusti‐Paiva Alexandre , Vilela Fabiana C.
Published: June 2022

Glyphosate is the organophosphate pesticide most widely used in the world. Recent studies correlate exposure to glyphosate and the emergence of neurodevelopmental disorders. Therefore, it was objective to propose a rat model of perinatal exposure to glyphosate‐based herbicides (GBH) to study associated neurodevelopmental disorders. Behavioral aspects and brain pathways were assessed in the prepubertal phase. For this, maternal treatment occurred throughout the entire gestation period (from GD0) until weaning on postnatal day 22 (PND 22). Control group received oral gavage with 5 mL/kg of saline per day and GBH group received oral gavage with 50 mg/kg of GBH per day (n = 10 per group). Maternal behavior was evaluated in PND 2–6. Offspring were evaluated for quantification of ultrasonic vocalizations (PND 5); homing behavior test (PND 13); and hole board, social play behavior, open field, and object recognition tests (PND 28–32). Prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of the offspring were processed to evaluate oxidative stress. Maternal exposure to GBH impaired early social communication, olfactory discrimination, social play behavior, and the exploration of objects, in addition to increasing repetitive and stereotyped movements. GBH also increased oxidative stress. Therefore, perinatal GBH exposure induced behavioral and oxidative stress impairments in rats associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. The manifestations found in the offspring are in accordance with symptoms of autism spectrum disorder.