bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
„Moi Panowie, jedziemy na manewry!” Przygotowanie zmotoryzowanych oddziałów armii austro-węgierskiej do działań wojennych
Authors: Gaweł Robert
Published: July 2022

Wraz z pojawieniem się w kręgu zainteresowań wojskowych elit pojazdów mechanicznych uruchomiony został cały zestaw działań mających na celu wprowadzenie ich do służby wojskowej. Mechanizm działania podobny był we wszystkich armiach świata. Różnice polegały tylko na ich intensywności. Po pierwszych testach i szkoleniach kadry najważniejszym sprawdzianem było użycie samochodów i motocykli w trakcie manewrów. To one pozwalały w najpełniejszy sposób sprawdzić zarówno same pojazdy, stopień wyszkolenia kadry, jak też ich współgranie z niezmotoryzowanymi formacjami.

W monarchii austro-węgierskiej pierwsze testy samochodów miały miejsce jeszcze pod koniec XIX w. W 1896 r. sprawdzano samochód osobowy, a w 1898 przeprowadzono długotrwałe próby pierwszego samochodu ciężarowego. Po tych pierwszych testach samochody zaczęły rokrocznie brać udział w różnego szczebla manewrach wojskowych. Z przyczyn oczywistych najwięcej ich pojawiało się na organizowanych co roku manewrach cesarskich.

Motorem napędowym motoryzacji armii austro-węgierskiej był Robert Wolf, oficer artylerii oddelegowany w 1904 r. do kierowania nowo utworzonym Wydziałem Samochodowym przy Komitecie Wojskowo-Technicznym. To z jego inicjatywy doszło do testowania najważniejszych rozwiązań technicznych: samochodu wyposażonego w wyciągarkę linową jego pomysłu, tzw. pociągów drogowych, pojazdów z napędem na wszystkie osie, oraz pierwszego samochodu pancernego skonstruowanego w wiedeńskich zakładach Daimlera.

Mimo tych wszystkich starań ostatecznie armia austro-węgierska przystąpiła do działań wojennych w 1914 r. bez odpowiednio zmotoryzowanych oddziałów. Przyczyn takiego stanu było wiele, ale podstawowym wydaje się niechęć do pojazdów mechanicznych znaczącej części elit wojskowych oraz wysokie koszty związane z zakupem oraz eksploatacją samych pojazdów.
Przed bitwą z wrogiem wewnętrznym. Szkolenie i przygotowanie esesmanów do służby w obozach koncentracyjnych i obozach zagłady na przykładzie załogi KL Auschwitz
Authors: Kita Agnieszka
Published: July 2022

Wojna lub bitwa nie zawsze oznaczają starcie z wrogiem zewnętrznym. Zanim III Rzesza przystąpiła do wojny, musiała uporać się najpierw ze swoimi wrogami wewnętrznymi – przeciwnikami politycznymi narodowych socjalistów – Żydami, homoseksualistami czy świadkami Jehowy. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ukazanie procesu szkolenia esesmanów, których głównym zadaniem było nadzorowanie więźniów osadzonych w obozach koncentracyjnych i obozach zagłady. Skupiono się na roli ideologii narodowosocjalistycznej i jej wpływowi na postawę wartowników oraz wartości, jakie wpajano im w trakcie szkolenia i służby w kacetach. Głównym obiektem badań byli esesmani z garnizonu kompleksu obozowego Auschwitz-Birkenau. W świetle dokumentów zachowanych w Archiwum Państwowego Muzeum Auschwitz-Birkenau pokazano, że również tamtejsi strażnicy byli poddawani indoktrynacji zapoczątkowanej w KL Dachau przez Theodora Eickego. W pierwszej części tekstu przedstawiono założenia ideologii narodowosocjalistycznej, które ze szczególnym naciskiem były promowane w SS-Totenkopfverbände oraz swoiste wartości, charakterystyczne dla samych SS. Następnie scharakteryzowano te elementy szkolenia wojskowego, przez które przechodzili kandydaci na esesmanów, a które w zasadniczy sposób wpłynęły na ich postawę wobec osadzonych w obozach koncentracyjnych. Główna część tekstu została poświęcona dokumentom świadczącym o szkoleniach ideologicznych esesmanów oraz treściach, jakie były w nich przekazywane, a także o roli Wydziału VI w utrwalaniu narodowosocjalistycznych poglądów wśród załogi KL Auschwitz.
Centrum Wyszkolenia Armii – „Alma Mater” żołnierzy gen. Władysława Andersa w latach 1942–1946
Authors: Janczak Bartosz
Published: July 2022

W artykule opisano dzieje Centrum Wyszkolenia Armii (CWA) w latach 1942–1946. Utworzono je w celu przeszkolenia żołnierzy służących w Armii Polskiej na Wschodzie oraz 2 Korpusie. We wchodzących w skład CWA ośrodkach wyszkolenia broni i służb organizowano – zgodnie z zapotrzebowaniem – kursy oraz szkoły podchorążych, na których słuchacze zdobywali niezbędną wiedzę wojskową. Przez prawie cztery lata funkcjonowania kilkukrotnie zmieniało się podporządkowanie CWA, przekształcano strukturę organizacyjną i podległość. W składzie polskiego wojska na Środkowym Wschodzie znaleźli się żołnierze o różnych przeżyciach wojennych, doświadczeniach i umiejętnościach. Z tego powodu szkolenie nie było łatwym zadaniem. Najważniejszy cel CWA dotyczył przeszkolenia jak największej liczby żołnierzy na szczeblu centralnym, aby Armia Polska na Wschodzie i 2 Korpus Polski osiągnęły zdolność bojową. W polskim wojsku potrzebowano bardzo wielu specjalistów różnych broni i służb, aby obsadzić przewidziane etatami stanowiska w jednostkach wojskowych. Zadania dla CWA ustalało Dowództwo Armii Polskiej na Wschodzie i 2 Korpusu w wytycznych wyszkolenia. Na podstawie tych dokumentów opracowywano cały proces szkolenia. Przez prawie cztery lata w CWA przeszkolono kilka tysięcy polskich żołnierzy. Ta jednostka dla wielu okazała się „Alma Mater”, a nabyte umiejętności przydały się w działaniach wojennych o niepodległość Polski.
Przygotowanie żołnierzy Armii Czerwonej do walk w mieście poprzez działania informacyjne i szkoleniowe (na przykładzie Gdańska w marcu 1945 roku)
Authors: Gliniecki Tomasz
Published: July 2022

Walki na terytorium przeciwnika, prowadzone w nieznanym dotąd terenie, wymagają zazwyczaj wcześniejszego przygotowania własnych żołnierzy do nowych warunków. W marcu 1945 r. jednostki Armii Czerwonej, w tym 44 gwardyjska Dywizja Strzelecka z 65 Armii, szykowały się do szturmu Gdańska. Jedną z form przygotowania wojsk do opanowania silnie zurbanizowanego kompleksu, składającego się z miasta, stoczni i portu, była działalność informacyjno-szkoleniowa. Upowszechniano głównie wiedzę o sposobach obrony nieprzyjaciela w dużych miastach, jak również o własnej taktyce ich zdobywania. Przedstawiano zasady walki ulicznej przy pomocy grup szturmowych i oddziałów desantowych. Przybliżano specyfikę używanej w takich okolicznościach broni i konieczność współdziałania żołnierzy o różnych specjalnościach. Informowano i szkolono szeregi czerwonoarmistów w czasie spotkań i ćwiczeń, prowadzonych i koordynowanych przez oficerów pionu polityczno-wychowawczego, jak też przy pomocy gazet i szeroko kolportowanych ulotek, które omawiały nadchodzące walki. W niniejszym artykule działalność ta została przedstawiona przede wszystkim na podstawie druków przygotowanych i dystrybuowanych na poziomie armijnym oraz dywizyjnym.
Core banking system implementation proposal
Authors: Gjergji Mulla  , Tafa Igli
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this article is to provide an analysis and a methodology for the implementation of a new CCBS (Centralized Core Banking System) for a Retail Bank. This article has been written based on the highest evaluation standard set by institutions like World Bank for such systems implementation. The scope of work, that will be defined in this article identifies all components and work required for the proposed implementation under this article. The proposed CCBS solution will be implemented based on a phased approach implementation methodology. The implementation team will undertake a confirmatory analysis of functionality during the Inception Reporting period and also illustrate how data will be migrated from the legacy systems into the new CCBS. Banking IT personnel will receive advanced administration training to become experts on subjects matter for using and administrating this product so they can act as the first line of support to the bank.
Keywords: Core Banking; Digital payments; Training.
The Importance of Metacognitive Strategies in Reading Literacy-Results of the PISA Testing in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Memisevic Haris , Cehic Irma
Published: July 2022

The Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) is a large-scale assessment of 15-year-old students’ achievements in three broad areas: Reading, science, and mathematics. PISA results are widely used in discussions on various educational aspects, such as educational policy, quality of education, and teaching methods. Although PISA started in 2000, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH) participated for the first time in 2018. The core subject for the 2018 circle of testing was reading. Thus, the goal of the present article was to examine the effects of metacognitive strategies on the reading achievement of students in BIH. The sample for this analysis was composed of 5,482 students (2,701 female and 2,781 male students). The results showed that metacognitive strategies had a significant effect on reading achievement. We conclude the article with some remarks on how teachers can employ metacognitive strategies in their everyday practice and thus increase their students’ reading achievement.
Psychiatric Comorbidity Among Eating Disorders and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Underlying Shared Mechanisms and Features: An Updated Review
Authors: Williams Brenna M. , Brown Mackenzie L. , Sandoval-Araujo Luis , Russell Street , Levinson Cheri A.
Published: July 2022

Eating disorders (EDs) are highly comorbid with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), with comorbidity rates as high as 41%. In the current review, we summarize the literature regarding the prevalence of ED-OCD comorbidity. We also identify and review the literature assessing shared features (i.e., shared characteristics or symptoms) and mechanisms (i.e., variables that may explain ED or OCD symptoms) of EDs and OCD. Potential shared features of EDs and OCD include age of onset, course of illness, obsessions, compulsions and ritualistic behaviors, and thought action fusion. Shared mechanisms that may explain ED-OCD comorbidity include genetic and neurobiological mechanisms, anxiety and fear, repetitive negative thinking, perfectionism, intolerance of uncertainty, distress tolerance, and impulsivity. Based on these shared features and mechanisms, a theoretical conceptualization of ED and OCD comorbidity is developed, and outline considerations for assessment, differential diagnosis, treatment, and future research regarding ED-OCD comorbidity are described.
RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF THE NEUROPSYCHIATRIC INVENTORY-QUESTIONNAIRE USING A RASCH ANALYSIS
Authors: Resnick Barbara , Boltz Marie , Kuzmik Ashley , Galik Elizabeth , Galvin James E.
Published: July 2022

Background and Purpose:The purpose of this study was to expand on the limited psychometric testing of the NPI-Q, and extend testing to include hospitalized older adults.Method:This was a descriptive study using data from 318 dyads in an ongoing cluster randomized clinical trial. Rasch analysis and hypothesis testing were done.Results:The majority of the participants were female (62%), non-Hispanic (98%), and black (50%) with a mean age of 81.62 (SD= 8.43). There was evidence of internal consistency and invariance across race and gender. The items fit with each subscale. Hypothesis testing was supported with a significant association between the NPI-Q and dementia and caregiver distress.Conclusions:The NPI-Q is short, easy to complete, and reliable and valid when used with hospitalized older adults.
Durabilité des Peuplements de Mangrove au Large de la Lagune Ebrié dans les Sous-préfectures de Toukouzou, Jacqueville et Attoutou (sud de la Côte d’ivoire)
Authors: Bohoussou Crystel Natacha , Dibi N’Da Hyppolite , Birba Jean-Jacques Bali
Published: July 2022

La présente étude est une contribution à la gestion durable des écosystèmes de mangrove. Elle s’est faite par enquête portant sur l’identification des usages du palétuvier par les populations, la détermination des modes de gestion de la ressource et l’évaluation de la durabilité. Ainsi, une enquête par questionnaire à l’aide d’interview dirigé a été réalisée auprès des populations de huit localités (Gbehiri, Teffrédji, Tiemien, Avadivry, Niangoussou, Toukouzou, Gboyo et Azagny) au large de la lagune Ebrié. L’analyse descriptive faite des données collectées indiquent qu’il existe cinq (5) classes d’usage de la mangrove par la population. Il s’agit des usages pour: la fabrication du matériel, le bois d’énergie, la médecine traditionnelle, la pêche et l’aquaculture. La mangrove est au cœur de la vie socioéconomique des populations lagunaires. En effet il existe deux modes de gestion pour cette ressource. Il s’agit de la gestion traditionnelle par la communauté villageoise et pour la gestion administrative, dans le sciage du site RAMSAR d’Azagny, une restriction sur l’accès à la ressource est imposé par l’office ivoirien des parcs et réserves. Si la population reconnait l’importance de la mangrove, sa gestion n’est toutefois pas faite dans un esprit de durabilité puisqu’aucune action de renouvèlement de la ressource n’est entreprise.
Ki Ageng Suryomentaram’s Human Concept Analysis and Its Relevance to The Formation of Sufistic Characters
Authors: Firdaus Almas Hammam , Aziizi Muhammad Ath Thaariq , Syafiqurrahman Abdul Aziz , Thahari Fastabiqul Hakim
Published: July 2022

This paper discusses the human concept, which is the result of the thought of Ki Ageng Suryomentaram. The qualitative method is used in this research. Ki Ageng Suryomentaram has a concept of forming a Sufistic character, a psychological pattern of thought, and a philosophical nature found in the treasures of Javanese wisdom. The science that he introduced was called the human concept, which has three basic things about morals. His ideas always have a characteristic Javanese style. That is, they can provide philosophical thought simply and practically. Globalization is very influential in modern life. The effect can be positive or negative. The positive effect of globalization is that it makes life easier and has a negative impact related to the human mentality. Humans cannot appreciate and interpret themselves as humans. Globalization also raises a new problem in society, one of which is moral decadence. Moral decadence is a phenomenon of moral decline in a person, which means that individuals and groups have disobeyed the rules and procedures that apply in society. This paper will describe and analyze his thoughts on Human Concept and find out the relevance with the values and attitudes that result from formation of sufistic characters.
Bias or Reality: Rethinking of Halal Tourism in Indonesia
Authors: Muhammad  , Bachri Syabbul , Husnaini M
Published: July 2022

Lately, the term halal or sharia has become a trend in Indonesia caused that the term is identical to Islam and most Indonesian citizens are Muslim. Besides being a weapon to sell commodities on the market, halal labels are also used to promote tourism resorts. Indonesian Council of Religious Scholars (MUI) issues fatwa to regulate halal tourism and has the authority to issue halal tourism certificates. This study addresses academic anxiety, whether tourism that has received a halal certificate following the MUI fatwa is natural halal tourism or it is only a formality of marketing bias. This article uses the field study method that results from direct observation and literature study to ascertain the meaning of halal. The study results showed that no tourism in Indonesia deserves a halal label even though it has obtained a halal certificate from the MUI. It is observed that in many tourism locations, disobedience and neglect occur. The term halalis a tourist object limited to marketing bias and is not confirmed in the field.
Determination Kinetic Parameters of Endo-β-1,4-D-Xylanase from Abdomenal Termites with Xylan Oat and Birchwood
Authors: Istri Ratnadewi Anak Agung , Linda Faiqotul Himmah  , Tri Mulyono  , Wuryanti Handayani  , NG. Krishnabudi  , Sudarko
Published: July 2022

Parameters kinetic (KM, VMax, and kCat) endo-β-1,4-D-xylanase under optimum conditions with oat spelt xylan and birchwood substrate have been investigated in this study. Hydrolysis of endo-β-1,4-D-xylanase using variation of substrate concentration (b/v) ranging from 0.2 to 1.2%. Variation of incubation time is up to 20 hours with 4 hours interval at the optimum temperature of the enzyme, 40°C. The results obtained from this study were the KM of endo-β-1,4-D-xylanase for oat spelt xylan and birchwood were 4.10 mg/ml and 0.681 mg/ml, respectively. VMax values, and kCat for oat spelt xylan substrate of 0.28 mg/ml.jam and 1.7 x 10-3 s-1. While VMax, and kCat for birchwood substrate that is 0.117 mg/U/jam and 7 x 10-4 s-1. From the results of this study we found that endo-β-1,4-D-xylanase can hydrolaze substrates which have differences solubility.
Determination of Zone Degradation for Sulfide (S2-) and Ammonia (NH3) in the Leachate from TPA Pakusari (Pakusari Landfill), Jember, Using Spectrophotometric Method
Authors: Wijayanti Chatarina , Siswoyo Siswoyo , Mintadi Mukh. , Maulidah Muflihah Yeni
Published: July 2022

Leachate as a result from waste decomposition at landfills potentially contain toxic materials, including metals and organic matters. This leachate produces several environmental issues, including groundwater and surface water resources contamination. The landfill leachate can penetrate to the soil, blend with the soil water, flow to the soil surface, and then disembogue at the river channel. The contamination processes will vary depending on the contaminating substances and their degradation zone. Our study focused on analyzing sulfide and ammonia in the leachate. The sulfide and ammonia degradation zone have been determined by measuring the concentration of sulfide and ammonia using Spectro quant NOVA 60. The degradation zone determination ranged from the distances: 0 m, 50 m, 100 m, 150 m, and 200 m direct to the north, south, and west, and at distances of 0 m and 400 m in the east direction. The range of degradation zone based on the concentration of sulfide, ammonia, and DO (dissolved oxygen) was in a range between 150 m and 200 m from the leachate water reservoir located at TPA Pakusari (Pakusari Landfill) Jember.
Synthesis of Zeolite Y from Lapindo Mud with the Comparative Variation of the Weight of NaOH/Mud and Molar SiO2/Al2O3
Authors: Andarini Novita , Haryati Tanti , Suwardiyanto Suwardiyanto , Sulistiyo Yudi Aris
Published: July 2022

Lapindo mud is a waste that can be used as a zeolite formation material. Zeolite is a mineral there are silica and alumina. The zeolite synthesized was the zeolite Y. The synthesis of zeolite Y is carried out the melting method followed by hydrothermal process. The ratio of NaOH/sludge weight varied the weight of NaOH added to the sludge weight which was made constant, there were 1.1 gram of NaOH/1 gram of sludge; 1.3 gram of NaOH/1 gram of sludge; 1.5 gram of NaOH/1 gram of sludge; and 1.7 gram of NaOH/ 1 gram of sludge. The sludge was pretreated using HCl in the leaching process and NaOH for smelting. The melted sludge from the four variations was characterized using XRF. The results of characterization are used as the basis for determining the mass of SiO2 and NaOH that need to be added in the synthesis. The melted sludge was added with water, SiO2, and NaOH and cured for 48 hours at room temperature. The mixture that has been brooded is then filtered, the result of the filtering is the filtrate of sodium silicate and sodium aluminate solution. The filtrate was hydrothermal 100-105 °C for 24 hours. The resulting crystals were filtered and neutralized using aquademine. The resulting synthetic zeolite was white, then characterization was carried out using XRF and XRD. The characterization results on the variation of NaOH/sludge weight ratio could be seen from the XRF results. Zeolite Y varies the weight ratio of NaOH/sludge based on the character of the best zeolite produced at a weight ratio of NaOH/sludge 1.5.
Repercussão da Pandemia de COVID-19 nos Serviços de Saúde e na Saúde Mental dos Profissionais dos Cuidados de Saúde Primários
Authors: Outeirinho Conceição , Braga Raquel , Costa Gomes Joana , Alves Luís , Cruz Ana Margarida
Published: July 2022

Introdução: A pandemia de COVID-19 forçou a reorganização dos serviços dos cuidados de saúde primários. Com este estudo pretendemos descrever como responderam os serviços de saúde às solicitações organizacionais, como envolveram e apoiaram os seus colaboradores; como os profissionais percecionaram o seu envolvimento nos procedimentos e que apoio lhes foi fornecido. Pretendemos também avaliar os níveis de ansiedade e depressão dos profissionais e a sua associação não só com o apoio sentido pelos profissionais, mas também com a disponibilidade de equipamentos de proteção individual e com o seu envolvimento nas tarefas relacionadas com a pandemia.Material e Métodos: Estudo transversal analítico dirigido aos profissionais de três agrupamentos de centros de saúde usando um questionário online. Colhemos dados sociodemográficos, informação sobre o acesso a equipamento de proteção individual, apoio percecionado, carga de trabalho e níveis de ansiedade e depressão. Entre cada variável e os níveis de ansiedade e depressão aplicou-se regressão logística multivariada.Resultados: Responderam 237 profissionais (83,8% mulheres; idade média 43,7 anos; 43,2% de médicos). Quase 60% trabalhou com doentes COVID-19. A disponibilidade de equipamento de proteção individual em março versus junho de 2020 aumentou (17,7% vs 55,3%). Existia plano de gestão do risco em 86% dos locais. Identificou-se uma alta carga de trabalho (90%) e pressão do tempo (74,6%). Médicos e enfermeiros apresentavam maior prevalência de depressão associada à carga de trabalho e fadiga (p < 0,001). Ter espaço para falar dos problemas, apoio sentido perante esses problemas e dispor na unidade de saúde de um espaço para relaxar foram alguns fatores protetores de ansiedade. Foi encontrado menor riso de depressão no grupo do secretariado clínico, nos profissionais que se sentiram apoiados, e nos que tiveram participação ativa nos planos de contingência.Conclusão: A pandemia de COVID-19 levou a grandes alterações na dinâmica dos CSP. A pressão do tempo para realização de tarefas e a concentração exigida associaram-se a maior risco de desenvolvimento de patologia mental. O apoio sentido pelos profissionais perante os seus problemas e preocupações, e a existência de espaços para relaxar nas USF foram identificados como fatores protetores. A promoção da saúde, a manutenção dos contactos sociais dos profissionais e o seu envolvimento nos processos deverão ser tidos em conta na dinâmica organizacional das instituições.
Overcoming tumor antigen heterogeneity in CAR-T cell therapy for malignant mesothelioma (MM)
Authors: D’Souza Reena Reshma , Dimou Paraskevi , Bughda Reyisa , Hawkins Elizabeth , Leboreiro Babe Clara , Klampatsa Astero
Published: July 2022

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a rare, aggressive solid tumor with limited therapeutic options and poor therapeutic response. The role of immunotherapy in MM is now well established and therapeutic options, such as checkpoint inhibitors, are increasingly being approved. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy is successfully implemented in several hematologic cancers, but currently has inadequate effect in solid tumors, owing to several limitations, such as trafficking and infiltration, limited T cell persistence and exhaustion, the immunosuppressive TME and tumor antigen heterogeneity. The lack of uniform and universal expression of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) on tumor cells, as well as TAA heterogeneity following tumor editing post-therapy, are issues of significant importance to CAR-T cell and associated antigen-targeting therapies. Our review discusses the concept of tumor antigen heterogeneity in MM, the consequences for CAR-T cell therapies and the strategies to overcome it.
Customization of functional MOFs by a modular design strategy for target applications
Authors: Peng Yaguang , Tan Qiang , Huang Hongliang , Zhu Qinggong , Kang Xinchen , Zhong Chongli , Han Buxing
Published: July 2022

Herein, we propose a versatile “functional modular assembly” strategy for customizing MOFs that allows installing the desired functional unit into a host material. The functional unit could be switched according to different applications. MOF-808, a highly stable Zr-MOF containing dangling formate groups, was selected as a host material for demonstration. Functional molecules with carboxyl connectors can be directly inserted into MOF-808 to form functional modular MOFs (FM-MOFs) through single substitution, while for those without carboxyl connectors, a pre-designed convertor was grafted firstly followed by the functional molecules in a stepwise manner. A series of tailor-made FM-MOFs were generated and show excellent performance toward different applications, such as adsorption, catalysis, fluorescent sensing, electrochemistry, and the control of surface wettability. On the other hand, the functional units on the FM-MOFs can switch freely and completely via full interconversion, as well as partly to construct multivariate MOFs (MTV-MOFs). Therefore, this strategy provides a benchmark for rapid customization of functional MOFs for diverse applications that can realize the rapid modular design of materials.
New Workflow Predicts Drug Targets Against SARS-CoV-2 via Metabolic Changes in Infected Cells
Authors: Leonidou Nantia , Renz Alina , Mostolizadeh Reihaneh , Dräger Andreas
Published: July 2022

COVID-19 has been characterized as one of the deadliest respiratory diseases, and the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 caught the pharmaceutical industry and the drug development communities off guard. Identifying potential antiviral targets is of great concern, and one way to detect them is by analyzing metabolic changes in infected cells. In this study, we present a novel workflow to predict robust druggable targets against emerging RNA viruses using metabolic networks and information of the viral structure and its genome sequence. For this purpose, we implemented pymCADRE, a tool to create metabolic models using gene expression data, and used this to reconstruct a metabolic network of the human bronchial epithelial cells. We observed that pymCADRE reduces the computational time when flux variability analysis is employed for internal optimizations. Subsequently, we created a fully automated computational tool, named PREDICATE, which analyses one or more nucleotide sequences, introduces given amino acid mutations, and simulates in silico viral infections. Moreover, it predicts a set of host reactions, which, when constrained, inhibit the virus production while preserving the host’s optimal state. In the context of SARS-CoV-2, we applied this tool to our metabolic network of bronchial epithelial cells and identified enzymatic reactions with inhibitory effects. From the list of the reported targets, the most promising one was the Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase, whose inhibitors have already been reported in the literature. Finally, we computationally tested the robustness of our targets in all currently known variants of concern, verifying the inhibitory effect of our target enzyme against SARS-CoV-2. Focusing on the metabolic fluxes of infected cells, we aim at applying our workflow and methods for rapid hypothesis-driven identification of potentially exploitable antivirals to efficiently prevent future pandemics concerning various viruses and host cell types.
The Covid-19, Policy, and Islamic Capital Market in Indonesia
Authors: Retnoningsih Sri , Naufa Ahmad Maulin , Astuti Wulan Budi
Published: July 2022

This paper examines the impact of Covid-19 (death and positive cases) on Indonesia's Islamic capital market, proxied by the Jakarta Islamic Index. Covid-19 data in Indonesia, which is proxied by four measures such as the number of new cases (NC), cumulative cases (CC), new deaths (ND), and cumulative deaths (CD). Further, whether any policy from regulators could mitigate its impact, we utilize daily time-series data from January to July and propose the multiple regression model to test its effect with some robustness checks. Our results indicate that Covid-19 leads to a lower price of the Islamic index, and the regulations from the government could reduce its negative impact. The negative impact of Covid-19 could be reduced by policies from the Indonesian government and other authorities like OJK, IDX, and BI. The policy from those regulators is grouped by policy backgrounds such as lockdowns and restrictions, reopening economy like new normal, fiscal, monetary, and macroeconomic, exchange rate, and balance of payments. Therefore, it is pivotal to alleviate Covid-19’s drawbacks on the Islamic capital market by providing relevant policies in Indonesia.
CSR Disclosure of Shari’ah Compliant Companies in Indonesia: The Extent and Quality Examination
Authors: Ameraldo Fedi , Rizki Marsi Fella , Rabaya Abdullah Jihad
Published: July 2022

In Indonesia, the number of Shari’ah Compliant Companies (ShCCs) has risen since the release of a fatwa that encourages the growth of the Islamic Capital Market (ICM) in the country. ShCCs are expected to be transparent in disclosing information in their annual reports. Besides non-financial information, the ShCCs also need to provide more information on compliance with Islamic teaching in their reports. This action is to fulfill their responsibility and accountability to society. This study aims to assess the extent and the quality of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure in the annual reports of ShCCs of Indonesia. The data were collected from the 2014 annual report of 100 ShCCs in Indonesia. To measure the extent and quality of CSR disclosure, a checklist comprising 33 items was constructed. This study used descriptive statistics and reliability tests as the primary statistical tests. The results showed that the extent and quality of CSR disclosure among ShCCs in Indonesia are low. It suggests that ShCCs maintain the narrative disclosure stage rather than promote verifiable CSR information. Hence, companies must intensify the quality of CSR disclosure by providing CSR information in both quantitative and qualitative forms.
FACTORING O VENTA DE CARTERA, DE LA NORMATIVA A LA APLICACIÓN PRÁCTICA. CASO DE ESTUDIO: COMERCIANTES DEL CANTÓN LOJA – ECUADOR
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de México – UNAM, Correa Conde Andrea del Rocío , Suqui Morocho María Gabriela ,   Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja
Published: July 2022

El factoring o venta de cartera es una operación contractual entre el factorado y el factor; siendo este último el encargado de cobrar las facturas del negocio y garantizar un buen resultado de dicha gestión. Para los comerciantes se ha convertido en un mecanismo de financiamiento que mejora sus operaciones productivas. En varios países de Latinoamérica este instrumento financiero aporta al desarrollo económico y social de su país. En Ecuador, esta figura jurídica fue incorporada a su legislación comercial en mayo de 2019 con el ánimo de dinamizar la economía; pero, sobre todo, garantizar a sus comerciantes el uso práctico de esta herramienta en sus negocios; realidad que en el contexto del cantón Loja no ha sido del todo efectiva.
UNA APROXIMACIÓN A LA DELIMITACIÓN DE LA RESPONSABILIDAD DE LOS ADMINISTRADORES SOCIALES EN SOCIEDADES INCURSAS EN CAUSA DE DISOLUCIÓN (ART. 367 LSC).
Authors:   Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Soler Samper Carlos
Published: July 2022

El Tribunal Supremo (en adelante “TS”) se pronunció, en su sentencia de 8 de noviembre de 2019 (STS 601/2019), sobre uno de los asuntos más discutidos y desarrollados en nuestra doctrina y jurisprudencia nacional. En este caso el TS decidió sobre el supuesto en el que una sociedad mercantil se encontraba incursa en la obligación de iniciar un proceso de disolución y, en particular, sobre la responsabilidad de los administradores sociales de conformidad a lo contenido en el artículo 367 de la LSC. La singularidad de este supuesto reside en que la eventual responsabilidad de los administradores sociales se plantea respecto de un administrador incorporado a la sociedad ya incursa en causa de disolución.
Socio-Political Phenomenon of Lysenkoism in Biological Science: Past and Present
Authors:   Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sedel’nikova Tamara S. , Sedel’nikov Mikhail V. ,   Humanitarian Institute, Siberian Federal University
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of the phenomenon of lysenkoism as a practice of administrative reprisals against scientific opponents, which devel­oped in the natural sciences in the late 1920s and early 1930s, and developing in accordance with the emergence and transformation of the totalitarian political regime in the USSR. The scientific and ideological reasons for the emergence of lysenkoism as a system of theoretical views and philosophical and method­ological attitudes of T.D. Lysenko and his followers, summarizing under them the elements of the Marxist-Leninist doctrine. The position on the “inheri­tance of acquired traits” and the denial of the role of genes in the transmission of hereditary information were put forward by T.D. Lysenko as the basis for administratively promoted recommendations for obtaining forms with “altered heredity” in a short time, which caused the destruction of the foundations of breeding work, seed production and animal husbandry in the country. The es­calation of lysenkoism as a method of ideological struggle against scientific op­ponents in biological and agricultural science, which took place against the back­drop of a tightening of the political regime, led to the denial of classical genetics, the ban on genetic research, defamation and reprisals against scientists who did not share the views of T.D. Lysenko. Modern approaches to attempts to reassess the personality of T.D. Lysenko and the revival of his ideas from the point of view of new data in genetic science. Populist and propagandistic publications about T.D. Lysenko is criticized. The inconsistency of the identification of the para­digms of neolysenkoism and epigenetics is substantiated in view of the interpre­tation of epigenetic mechanisms of inheritance. The controversy around lysenko­ism and modern pseudogenetic theories, taking place on an international scale, allows us to state that the complexity and drama of the development of soviet ge­netics were directly related to the priority of state ideology and philosophy over the scientific process, and to draw conclusions about the inadmissibility of such an approach in the future.
From Economic Interests – to Noo Values
Authors:   S.Yu. Witte Institute for New Industrial Development, Bodrunov Sergey D.
Published: July 2022

The growing crisis of human civilization urgently requires us to understand what role the system of interests and values that has developed in modern soci­ety plays in the development of this crisis. Are not the interests associated with economically rational behavior and the elevation to the rank of the highest va­lues of economic benefits and consumption volumes, one of the reasons for this crisis? Behavior based on the criteria of economic rationality cannot be considered truly reasonable if it leads us to a dead end of overconsumption, which causes an unacceptable load on the natural environment and depletes its resources. The necessary material prerequisites are already being formed to change such value attitudes. Modern knowledge-intensive technologies, pre­paring the transition to a new industrial society of the second generation, allow us to meet the developing human needs with much less expenditure of material resources. It is necessary to move from the society of economic rationality to the noo-society, from the economy to noonomy. At the same time, it becomes possible to prevail in the system of human values such as the development of culture, the elevation of the human personality, the formation of relations of solidarity, and not of conflict, growing on the basis of the struggle to absorb more and more resources.
To the 30th Anniversary of the Institute of Man of the Russian Academy of Sciences (From the Modern History of Philosophy)
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Belkina Galina L. , Korsakov Sergey N. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Frolova Maria I. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2022

The article highlights the prehistory and history of the Institute of Man of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which was founded thirty years ago. The cre­ation of the Institute of Man was the result of a powerful scientific and social movement, united by the interest in the problem of man. The scientific program of the Institute of Man was based on a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach to human research, developed by academician I.T. Frolov. The result of the de­ployment of complex human studies was the creation of scientific institutions, training courses, departments and faculties, almanacs and journals, dictionaries, anthologies and encyclopedias, the allocation of an official specialty in phi­losophical anthropology. The main milestones on the path of the formation of philosophical and anthropological research in the 1980s–1990s are traced. Much attention is paid to the interaction of philosophers with outstanding repre­sentatives of special sciences in the complex study of man. It is told about the state general academic program of humanitarian research, within the frame­work of which the creation of research structures for the comprehensive study of man was financed. The main scientific results of the Institute of Man of the Rus­sian Academy of Sciences are summarized and the difficulties that the Institute faced during its existence are highlighted.
Test of Philosophy. Philosophy in Imperial Russia before the “Great Reforms” of the 1860s
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kara-Murza Alexei A.
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to the state of philosophical knowledge in tsarist Russia in the first half of the XIX century – during the reign of emperors Alexander I and Nicholas I. The author notes the presence in Russia of a kind of “cultural pendulum”: periods of impulses to Enlightenment on European models are re­placed by retrogressions to obscurantism and self-isolation. Accordingly, there was a split of the ruling elite into two “macroparties”, which some observers (from the Decembrist A. Ulybyshev to A. Herzen) called the confrontation of “enlighteners” and “extinguishers”. The author of the article shows how in the late Alexander’s and Nicholay’s times, the initiators of the new “Extin­guishing” in Russia were often the official “ministers of Enlightement”, or even the first persons of the State. The first victim of counter-reforms in the field of education and culture (the author of the article calls them re­lapses of the “new barbarism”) has always been Philosophy, including that taught at Uuniversities. The author examines two periods of active cultural counter-reforms, the victim of which was the Russian Philosophy: the early 1820s, associated with the names of Magnitsky and Runich; and the late 1840s – early 1850s, when the conservative (but generally moderately enlightening) line of Count Uvarov was replaced by the openly reactionary policy of the new “minister of Enlightement” Prince Shirinsky-Shikhmatov.
Experience of the Enlightenment in Russia: the Humboldt Model of the University in the Mirror of the University Reforms enacted by A.V. Golovnin
Authors:   North Carolina State University, Bykova Marina F.
Published: July 2022

Although the Russian Enlightenment occupies an important place in the intel­lectual tradition of Russia, some of its periods and key representatives continue escaping the attention of scholars. One such example is the figure of Alexander Vasilyevich Golovnin, Minister of Public Education (1861–1866) during the reign of Alexander II. A liberal in his political views and a thinker of the En­lightenment in his frame of mind, Golovnin acted as one of the initiators and the main executors of the broad educational reforms of the 1860s. The central element of these reforms was the reform of university education, enshrined in the University Charter of 1863. The reform project itself partly followed the model of the “classical” university proposed at the beginning of the 19th cen­tury by Wilhelm von Humboldt and implemented by him by establishing the Uni­versity in Berlin (1810). The article discusses the key points of Golovnin’s university reform and shows its connection with the Humboldt model of the uni­versity, which, in its main principles, reflects the ideals and values of the Ger­man neohumanism of the 19th century with its focus on the formation (Bildung) of the individual. It is noteworthy that the same Bildung ideal, which appeared as the conceptual paradigm of the Prussian reforms of secondary and higher ed­ucation in 1807–1814 also turns out to be the defining principle of Golovnin’s educational reforms, thereby confirming adherence of the Russian reforms to the goals of the Enlightenment.
Three Ideas of the University
Authors:   School of Philosophy, National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Rutkevich Aleksei M.
Published: July 2022

The term “idea” was used in history of thought in three main meanings: Plato’s ei­dos; transcendental ides of pure reason in Kants first “Kritik”; and understanding of simple and complicated ideas in the Empiricism of Modernity. Each of these in­terpretations is in correlation with definite seeing of the University, as well as of the place of Philosophy in it. The medieval University inherited from antiquity the ideal of Paideia, realized by the liberal arts, having their summit in Philosophy, paving the way to Theology. Through the ages this ideal rests in some of the An­glo-Saxon universities with their system of education of the elite by means of lib­eral arts, The second model incarnated in the projects of the reforms in the begin­ning of the XIXth Century is associated today with the name of W. von Humboldt. University is a place of Socratic dialogue of the successful scientist with his future collegue, education goes hand by hand with investigation. The mass university of the last decades is directed by Empiricism and Pragmatism, oriented to the max­imization of social utility and benefits for the University itself. It is now a corpora­tion among other corporations, providing specialist and experts for them. If there is a need for Philosophy in such University, it appears as a way of rescue from all metaphysical illusions, liberal arts reduced to such offspring of “postmodern” as gender and postcolonial studies.
About the Truth in the Scientific and Everyday Cognition
Authors:   Belarusian National Technical University, Dozhdikova Raisa N.
Published: July 2022

The phenomenon of truth is an eternal philosophical problem. Aristotle also claimed in Metaphysics that “philosophy is called the knowledge of truth”, and Plato considered it the object of the desires of genuine philosophers. For episte­mology, truth is the foundation of human existence in all its manifestations, in­cluding everyday life. Truth is the goal and the highest value for philosophy and science. There are different concepts of truth. Correspondent and coherent theo­ries of truth are more widespread than others, the problem of truth in everyday cognition has not been fully developed, the relevance of which is related to the search for “reliable ways to orient a person in the world of pseudo-realities and flows of disinformation” (V.A. Lectorsky), with the search for the founda­tions of everyday life, order in the chaos of information and events, as well as with the search for the meaning of life. The very recognition of the truth and the desire to know it affect the character, interests, position of people, form the inner world of a person. The most fundamental and little-explored character­istics of the truth of everyday cognition are revealed on the basis of comparison of understanding truth in scientific and everyday cognition. The prerequisites of the classical (correspondent) and coherent concepts of truth containing the im­plicit idea of their synthesis are clarified. The features of understanding absolute and relative truth in everyday cognition and the criteria for the reliability of ev­eryday cognition are explicated. It is concluded that the truth of everyday cogni­tion is an empirically proven knowledge of the real state of affairs in the human life world, based on the available experience, the experience of communication, as well as the socio-cultural translation of the experience of generations.
The relationship of science and religion: new facets of an old problem
Authors:   Altai State Agricultural University, Ivanov Andrei V.
Published: July 2022

The article analyzes the problem of the correlation of science and religion in modern condi­tions. The main programs of its solution are highlighted, which proceed from the irremedia­ble differences between these most important spheres of spiritual culture (or types of cogni­tive experience). The first program subordinates science to a religious worldview and insists that the adoption of religious principles by science can ensure genuine scientific progress. The second program, on the contrary, declares religion to be a system of irrational beliefs and subjects it to harsh criticism. The third program, which goes back to the theory of “dual truth”, asserts the possibility of non-confrontational coexistence of science and religion, since they do not have any points of ontological intersection. There are stated five argu­ments in favor of a synthetic program, where the differences between science and religion do not exclude the possibility of dialogue and the search for “conceptual bridges” between them. This concerns both the phenomenon of faith and the problem of evidence in the field of scientific and religious knowledge. The arguments are given that along with the “exter­nal” experience of science, we can talk about the “internal” spiritual experience of religions, where there are invariant traditions of experimentation with consciousness, during which it can move to a qualitatively different level. The facts of convergence of religious and scien­tific experience are stated through scientific and experimental study of the brain of adherents of ascetic Buddhist practices in a state of deep meditation. It is also pointed to historical epochs where science and religion interacted quite harmoniously, and these were the epochs of cultural flourishing. At the end of the article, the thesis is expressed that present science and religion face serious challenges in the form of abnormal but reliable facts (the phenome­non of the Buryat Khambo Lama Itigelov), to which they must respond together in order not to contribute to the growth of irrational religious beliefs and irrational disbeliefs in science.
Scientific activity of the State Optical Institute during the war years (Yoshkar-Ola period): from the history of physics science
Authors:   Volga State Technological University, Krechetova Irina V. , Tselishcheva Larisa V. ,   Volga State Technological University
Published: July 2022

The main idea of the article is to use the method of historical reconstruction in the study of physics at a modern university as a basis for the formation of an interest in understanding the events of the Great Patriotic War, which took place in 1941–1945 in the city of Yoshkar – Ola during the scientific activity of the State Optical Institute (GOI). The scientific discover­ies of the Institute’s staff and academician S.I. Vavilov (head of the GOI) are particularly emphasized. Research attention is paid to the creation by the teacher of conditions for the formation of patriotic consciousness, feelings and beliefs among students through the study of certain historical material while organizing independent work through tradi­tional and online learning from the point of view of the history of science. The implementa­tion of research tasks was achieved on the basis of the use of historical documents from the archive of the Museum of the Volga State Technological University and the library fund of the S.G. Chavain National Library of the Republic of Mari El.