bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Viscosity and electrical conductivity of CaF2-CaO-Al2O3-MgO-Ce2O3electroslag remelting slag
Authors: Yu Zhi-Bo , Xu Si-Yang , An Ling-Zi , Zang Xi-Min , Chen Yu-Xin , Li Shi-Sen , Yang Jie , Kong Ling-Zhong
Published: October 2024

To clarify the effect of Ce2O3on the physical properties of electroslag remelting (ESR) slag, the viscosity of CaF2-CaO-Al2O3-MgO-Ce2O3ESR slag was determined by rotating cylinder method. The effects of Ce2O3content and w(CaO)/ w(Al2O3) (C/A) on slag viscosity were analyzed. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was used to calculated electrical conductivity of ESR slag. The results show that the viscosity of the slag decreases from 0.112 Pa·s to 0.040 Pa·s when a small amount of Ce2O3(0%-8%) is added. However, excessive Ce2O3(8%-24%) will cause the viscosity to increase from 0.040 Pa·s to 0.167 Pa·s. The viscosity decreases with the increase of C/A. Additionally, the electrical conductivity calculated by MD gradually increases with the increase of Ce2O3, from 81.21 S·m−1to 155.78 S·m−1. With the increase in C/A and temperature, the conductivity shows an overall upward trend.
Time-Varying Risk Assessment of Wind-Induced Disaster for Sea-Crossing Bridge
Authors: Guo Jian , Wang Zheng
Published: October 2024

Performing a rational risk assessment of wind-induced disasters is crucial for ensuring the safe operation of sea-crossing bridges. However, the risk parameters constantly change throughout the lifespan of the bridge. To make informed maintenance decisions, an analytical framework for time-varying risk assessment of wind-induced disasters is proposed. Taking a large-scale sea-crossing bridge in China as an example, a spatial model is established to validate the rationality of the framework. The analysis process is as follows. After studying the time-varying uncertainties of wind load parameters and bridge structural parameters, Latin hypercube sampling and Monte Carlo simulation are used to analyze the reliability of these parameters, and then the risk probabilities are given. A method for evaluating economic losses is proposed for reasonable estimation of risk consequences. According to existing scientific evaluation standards, the wind-induced risk level of the bridge at different time points is determined. Finally, suggestions for bridge maintenance are proposed. The time-varying risk analysis framework proposed simultaneously consider the changes in wind and bridge structures in the frequency domains and time domains, and provides valuable reference for analyzing the monitoring parameters of wind-induced disasters in sea-crossing bridges.
Real-Time Monitoring and Forecasting Ice Layer Thickness Growth Rate and Grip Loss on a Road Network During Winter Storm Events
Authors: Emami Tabrizi Sepideh , Hippi Marjo , Sullivan James , Farghaly Hani , Gharabaghi Bahram
Published: October 2024

Winter storm severity, road surface conditions, traffic volume, and vehicle speed can influence the risk of winter-related vehicular crashes. The severity of a winter storm depends on many climatic factors, including precipitation type, intensity and duration of the storm, wind speed, air temperature, and pavement surface temperature. The rapid growth of snow and ice layer thicknesses on the road surface significantly reduce the grip between tires and the road surface, leading to hazardous travel conditions. Our investigation shows that vehicular crash rates in winter months have an inverse linear relationship with the 10th percentile grip statistics, which is a function of how quickly the road was plowed and salted and the bare pavement conditions regained. We found a logarithmic relationship between the ice and snow layer thicknesses and the grip loss. We developed a new model for forecasting ice layer thickness growth rate as a function of the relative humidity, dewpoint temperature, and pavement temperature. Real-time monitoring and forecasting the spatial and temporal variability of the grip on a road network can help road authorities to better optimize the salt application strategy for a given winter storm event and prioritize the timing and frequency for the deployment of their fleet of winter maintenance vehicles on different salt routes to minimize vehicular crash rates.
A Service-Learning Program to Prevent Online Hate Speech Perpetration Among Secondary Education Students: A Pilot Study
Authors: Cedena-de-Lucas Beatriz , Amate-García Mar , Fernández-Martín Francisco D. , Arco-Tirado José L.
Published: October 2024

The evolution and rapid expansion of online hate speech perpetration (OHSP) behaviors among adolescents toward different groups contrast with the lack of theory-based and empirically evaluated programs targeting this phenomenon. This study, developed by the Spanish Volunteering Platform, contributes to reversing this situation by investigating the impact of a service-learning program to prevent OHSP among students in secondary education. To do so, a cluster-randomized research design was adopted with a sample of secondary school students ( n = 60) from two public schools. After the random assignment of each class group to either the intervention or control condition, the service-learning program previously designed was implemented for 3 months. Regression results in model 7 with all predictors and controls yield a significant effect on the variable experimental group = 0.803, p < .05, and gender = 0.987, p < .05, explaining 45.9% of the variance. The effect size for this intervention was 0.42. From a theoretical perspective, participants are moving in the right direction to reduce and/or prevent OHSP behaviors, which demonstrates the theoretical utility of the theory of planned behavior in hate speech research. Finally, several recommendations are made to improve the impact of future replications or adaptations of this program.
Pets and Pests? Framing Human–Cat Moral Ecologies in the Canary Islands, Spain
Authors: Pons-Raga Ferran
Published: October 2024

Felis catus is considered a domestic species, but the individuals belonging to this taxonomic category navigate along the domestic-wild-feral spectrum. This ethnography draws attention to the plethora of adjectives used by three social groups, namely biologists, hunters, and animal-rights campaigners, to examine the ways in which these terms serve to frame cats concerning different moral ecologies in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain). The use of these adjectives is always morally charged and pursues specific political agendas regarding how cats should be framed, whether as companion domestic animals to care for or devastating feral predators to kill based on their negative impact in the environment. By teasing out the rationales behind these adjectives, this ethnography reveals how the variables of space and time are key to bringing cats in or pushing them out the human sphere through synchronic or diachronic moral ecologies.
A comparison of child protection systems in the Greater Region: Implementing the UN convention on the rights of the child through narrow and broad understandings
Authors: Schröder Christian , Unbehend Mark , Zöller Ulrike
Published: October 2024

The article examines child protection systems in the Greater Region with an eye to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) and its implementation. Our analysis employs the distinction between a narrow and broad understanding of child protection. While the narrow understanding primarily emphasizes child protection, the broad understanding of child protection also considers children’s rights, particularly the right to participation. We observe an expansion of responsibilities across the child protection systems of the Greater Region, which aims to better integrate, not only traditional child protection measures, but also children’s rights. This marks a broadened interpretation of the UNCRC.
Intragenerational ontopolitics and stunt scooters: Doing childhood in public urban spaces
Authors: Eßer Florian , Jäde Sylvia , von der Heyde Judith
Published: October 2024

In the article we discuss the ‘re-inhabitation’ of public spaces by children and young people in Germany who ride scooters on a skate park. In addition to the generational difference between children and adults, the importance of intragenerational relations amongst scooter riders is also revealed when it comes to legitimizing access to and exclusion from the skatepark. With an ontopolitical perspective, the significance of generational order and ordering in relation to processes of zoning in public space can be analyzed.
Driving style recognition considering speeding behavior under different working conditions
Authors: Zhang Bingzhan , Yang Ziheng , Kang Gufeng , Huang Yong , Liu Zhongtao , Bian Boqian
Published: October 2024

The driving style of the driver has a significant impact on the safety of vehicle operation. This paper proposes a driving style recognition model that takes into account speeding behavior, aiming to improve the accuracy of driving style recognition. Initially, vehicle operation data is collected through on-road experiments with drivers. Subsequently, feature parameters related to driving conditions are extracted from the vehicle operation data, and dimensionality reduction is applied to these parameters. The principal components extracted are then utilized as inputs for the particle swarm optimization support vector machine algorithm to determine driving conditions. This information is used to establish the speeding threshold, which is then used to calculate the number of speeding occurrences and the longest speeding time as evaluation indicators. These indicators are integrated into a comprehensive evaluation system comprising 18 evaluation criteria to improve the accuracy of driving style recognition. Lastly, the particle swarm optimization support vector machine algorithm and convolutional neural network algorithm are employed for driving style recognition. The results indicate that the particle swarm optimization support vector machine algorithm demonstrates fewer iterations and higher accuracy, reaching 97.4%. Furthermore, both algorithms show improved accuracy in driving style recognition when considering speeding behavior, affirming that the inclusion of speeding behavior enhances the accuracy of driving style recognition.
Reduced spheroidization in rail flash-butt welding by selective alloying
Authors: Pereira Henrique Boschetti , Cordeiro Joao Vitor de Oliveira , Dias Alves Luiz Henrique , Echeverri Edwan Anderson Ariza , Corteen Jacob , Wilson Andrew J. , Lewis Stephen , Goldenstein Hélio
Published: October 2024

Thermal cycle (welding simulations) at the inter-critical region were performed on an Si and V micro-alloyed (not heat-treated) rail steel. The beginning of austenitization temperature (Ac1) in the micro-alloyed rail steel occurred significantly above that observed in an alternative heat-treated rail steel. Very little pearlite alteration was observed until austenitization at a temperatures above 750°C, where there was a reduction in hardness and onset of spheroidization. The maximum spheroidization together with the lowest observed hardness occurred at 760°C. It was also observed that there is a linear correlation between hardness and volume fraction of spheroidization of cementite. By the dilatometric variation, contraction due to austenitization was observed only from 760°C onwards in the 60 s isothermal period at the austenitization temperature. These results may lead to a new approach to weldability and reduction of the softened region concerning rail welding.
Flow instability in mixed-flow/axial-flow pump: A review of relationship between tip leakage flow distortion and rotating stall
Authors: Ji Leilei , Pu Wei , Li Wei , Shi Weidong , Tian Fei , Yang Yang , Agarwal Ramesh
Published: October 2024

Pumps represent a quintessential type of fluid machinery and play a pivotal role in global economic development, especially in the hydropower industry. However, as their application range and single unit capacity continue to increase, the occurrence of rotating stall phenomena caused by internal flow instability has become more frequent. This phenomenon is especially prominent in pumps with semi-open impellers, where the presence of tip leakage flow (TLF) instability accelerates the rotating stall phenomenon. Over the past few decades, extensive research has been conducted to investigate the characteristics of rotating stall in pumps. As a result, there is now a preliminary understanding of the phenomenon of rotating stall induced by tip leakage flow in pumps. However, a significant gap remains in fully comprehending the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon. This review comprehensively reviews the research progress made in understanding the relationship between pump tip leakage flow instability and rotating stall. It encompasses various aspects, including the formation mechanism of tip leakage flow, the structure of tip leakage vortex (TLV) under stall conditions, the correlation between dynamic characteristics of tip leakage flow and rotating stall, as well as methods for mitigating rotating stall through tip leakage suppression. Finally, some promising potential stall suppression method is discussed to provide some guidance for the fields of fluid machinery.
Understanding of the asymmetric twin-stroll radial turbine under steady and pulsating inlet conditions
Authors: Wang Zhihui , Liu Xiang , Wang Hongbo
Published: October 2024

Utilize asymmetrical twin-scroll turbines (ATSTs) to achieve high-pressure exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) with a single scroll while optimizing the other scroll’s design for engine scavenging optimization. ATST performance prediction relies heavily on understanding the turbine flow mechanism, which always faces the challenge posed by time-dependent non-uniform intake. This paper studied its performance and flow field under steady and unsteady intake conditions for a production ATST. Firstly, the steady performance of the ATST with different asymmetries (ASYs) under different scroll pressure ratios (SPRs) is investigated via the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. Results demonstrate that the distribution relationship between SPR and turbine flow parameter (MFP) has a certain symmetry based on SPR = 1. For efficiency, the imbalance of inlet conditions will lead to the reduction of turbine efficiency. Moreover, the ASY has little effect on the turbine’s efficiency under the condition of SPR = 1. Also, the unsteady CFD simulations are conducted under pulsating inlet conditions with different scroll averaged pressure ratios (SAPRs). The results show that the highest efficiency was achieved at an ASY of 0.5 under a SAPR of 1.2 conditions, and the maximum, minimum, and average efficiencies were 1.9%, 1.5%, and 0.9% higher than those at an ASY of 0.83. The turbine’s flow field at the optimal incidence angle point is analyzed. The secondary flow vortex in the volute of an ASY of 0.5 is more robust, and the volute outlet ‘s total pressure loss is more significant. However, a relatively good incidence angle is obtained at the rotor inlet, and the loss in the rotor flow field is more minor. Therefore, the turbine efficiency with an ASY of 0.5 is higher.
Informational Efficiency and Unbiasedness of Stock Futures in India—An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Alexander Ann Mary , Beegam S. Resia
Published: October 2024

The present article examines the informational efficiency and unbiasedness of stock futures in India. The study analyses the daily spot and futures data of 20 companies listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) from 9 November 2001 to 30 July 2021. The study employs econometric tools like Johansen’s cointegration test, likelihood ratio test, vector error correction model and Chow breakpoint test. The results show that the futures prices of most companies are unbiased and efficient in the long run, as the null hypothesis of unbiasedness is not rejected. The error correction term is higher for the equity market than for the futures market of 13 companies. It indicates that when the futures prices and the underlying spot prices move apart from equilibrium in the short term, the spot market makes more adjustments to restore equilibrium. The structural breaks identified by the Chow breakpoint test did not affect the error correction process, as they were insignificant for most companies. The findings demonstrate that futures markets act as a central point for the dissemination of information to numerous buyers and sellers. Thus, market participants can rely on futures markets’ price movements for suitable trading strategies.
Evaluation of Immunomodulatory Activity of a Polyherbal Formulation (Phytocee™) Using ex vivo and in vitro Models
Authors: M. Naveen Kumar , Murugan Sasi Kumar , Bethapudi Bharathi , Mundkinajeddu Deepak
Published: October 2024

Background

The immune system plays a crucial role in protecting the host by regulating biological activities in multiple organs and circulatory fluids. The phytoextracts are evident to modulate a series of biological activities and play a protective role in managing healthy conditions through interaction with the immune system and exhibit antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory activities.

Objectives

Understanding the function and regulation of immunomodulation may provide potential strategies for the development of natural extracts for the management of adverse conditions.

Materials and Methods

In the present study, we have investigated the immunomodulatory activity of proprietary polyherbal formulation (Phytocee™) containing Emblica officinalis, Ocimum sanctum, and Withania somnifera using in vitro macrophage phagocytosis and ex vivo natural killer (NK) cell activity. The effect of water and methanolic extracts of Phytocee on NK cell activity was performed using mice splenocytes as effector cells and YAC-1 fibroblast as target cells. The effect of Phytocee on phagocytosis in murine macrophage (J774A.1) cells against fluorescein-labeled bioparticles was also investigated.

Results

The significant increase in NK cell activity of 35% at 200 µg/mL of water extract and dose-dependent increase with methanol extract confirmed the NK cell-mediated immunomodulation of Phytocee. A phagocytic accumulation of bioparticles within macrophages at 100 and 200 µg/mL of extract group suggests a macrophage activating role and immuno-effectiveness of Phytocee herbal formulation.

Conclusion

Based on the current data and the historical use of ingredients in the polyherbal formulation support the immunoprotective role of Phytocee.
Managing COVID-19 patients with mental illness in a specialized neuropsychiatric setting: An experience from a tertiary care hospital in India
Authors: Mamtani Harkishan , Navin Karthick , Murthy Pratima , Sharma Arpita , Bangari Siddharth , Mahadevan Jayant , Moirangthem Sydney
Published: October 2024

Objective

To explore the management and outcome of COVID-19 infection in mental illness at a specialized neuropsychiatric setting.

Methods

A retrospective review of the clinical profile of 100 COVID-19 patients with mental illness, admitted to the Psychiatric COVID unit (PCU) from June 2020 to June 2022, was done, with a subgroup analysis of chronic institutionalized patients ( n = 36).

Results

Schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, and schizoaffective disorder comprised 64% of the study population. Most patients (87%) were on antipsychotics. 56% of the patients had an infection of mild severity and 38% were asymptomatic. Corticosteroids and anticoagulants were given to 33.3% and 25% of the patients, respectively. 16% of the patients encountered medical complications in the PCU, and 14% were referred to a COVID-designated hospital. Patients with diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension were more likely to be referred. The chronic institutionalized patients ( n = 36) had either an asymptomatic or mild infection. Three among these patients were referred to a COVID-designated hospital.

Conclusion

Most psychiatric patients with medical illnesses, including COVID-19, pose unique challenges including complexity of symptoms, ensuring patient safety, and the need for trained professional staff to provide specialized psychiatric interventions, which can be taken care of in psychiatric care settings.
College Preparation of U.S. High School Students, the Dual Enrollment/Early College Program Model, and Impact on Educational Administration and Stakeholders
Authors: Gallardo Cynthia A.
Published: October 2024

Numerous dual enrollment programs have recently emerged due to the ongoing push for pursuing higher education in the United States. In South Texas, dual enrollment programs are prevalent in almost every high school campus and collaborating colleges and universities. This begs the question, Are students being adequately prepared for college in high school? Currently, there are concerns regarding college preparation for American high school students that include academic preparation/college preparation, academic rigor, college readiness, academic preparation, and overcoming personal barriers to success. Moreover, this review also discusses challenges that students face to succeed in college such as financial barriers, being a first-generation college student, being a part of a minority group, and not receiving adequate preparation through college. Last, different stakeholders such as strategic leaders, educators, and students shed light on the dual enrollment/early college program and its impact.
Retrospective description of the clinical use of chloramphenicol in client-owned cats: 12 cases (2015–2023)
Authors: Bruneau Vanessa , Hartmann Faye , Viviano Katrina
Published: October 2024

Objectives

The study aimed to describe the clinical use of chloramphenicol in client-owned cats, examining the patient population, sites of infection, targeted pathogens, prescribed dosing regimen, outcomes and adverse effects.

Methods

Between 2015 and 2023, a retrospective medical record review was undertaken to identify a case series of cats treated with chloramphenicol.

Results

Twelve client-owned cats with complicated infections were treated with chloramphenicol at a median dose of 13.3 mg/kg (range 9.1–34.7) administered orally every 12 h for a median duration of 14.5 days. Within 30 days before starting chloramphenicol, 11/12 cats had received treatment with at least one antibiotic. The sites of infection included skin, urinary tract and multisystemic. Multidrug-resistant pathogens, for which no alternative oral antibiotic therapy was available, were commonly targeted. These included meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus species and multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecium. Of the 12 cats treated with chloramphenicol, nine effectively achieved either bacteriologic or clinical cure. Chloramphenicol adverse effects were uncommon and limited to gastrointestinal upset, which was self-limiting or manageable with supportive treatment in two cats.

Conclusions and relevance

In these cats, the decision to treat with chloramphenicol was made because an alternative oral antibiotic was not available to target the multidrug-resistant pathogens. Infections of the skin or urinary tract were common. Overall, chloramphenicol was well tolerated, and treatment success was possible for most cats.
Wastewater Management in Africa: Challenges and Recommendations
Authors: Omohwovo Ejovwokeoghene Joseph
Published: October 2024

In Africa, the growing population and industrial growth have resulted in a notable increase in wastewater generation, affecting the quality of water in the region. Wastewater treatment plays a crucial role in safeguarding the environment, public health, aquatic organisms, and water resources, reducing environmental impact, and adhering to regulations. However, the current methods for treating wastewater in Africa fall short of these goals, resulting in substantially poor environmental and health outcomes and inadequate provision of safe water and essential sanitation. Poor wastewater management in several African countries has led to severe health risks for humans, animals, and aquatic ecosystems. This poses a particular threat to vulnerable groups like children, women, and the disabled residing in rural and remote areas with limited access to healthcare. Hence, this article aims to shine a spotlight on the difficulties in managing wastewater in Africa and to recommend several plausible strategies to tackle this issue. A literature search to find the most recent and relevant research papers from various databases, such as Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar, along with resources from the World Health Organization, was conducted. The selection criteria focused on including the most recent and relevant publications published in English to facilitate comprehension, analysis, and interpretation of the secondary data. Essentially, addressing the challenge of wastewater management in Africa requires developing indigenous innovative technologies, transitioning to a sustainable economy, establishing wastewater treatment infrastructures in rural and remote areas, enhancing operation and maintenance practices, training treatment facility workers, improving electricity supply, strengthening government participation and support, encouraging public involvement, setting local water quality benchmarks, and international financial and technical support. By tackling the problem of insufficient wastewater treatment in Africa, it is possible to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 6, which centers on ensuring clean water and sanitation for all.
An automated load determination approach for concrete girder bridges through acoustic emission
Authors: Elbatanouny Elhussien , Ai Li , Henderson Alexander , C Laxman K , Ziehl Paul
Published: October 2024

The United States has many aging bridges, mostly designed with outdated 1950s standards and now facing overloading issues due to heavier modern vehicles. Assessing these bridges' conditions and updating safe load capacities are essential. This paper proposes using acoustic emission (AE) to predict vehicle loads on prestressed concrete girder bridges, potentially supplementing traditional weigh-in-motion (WIM) sensor methods. Three enhanced machine learning techniques: balanced training artificial neural network (BT-ANN), balanced training random forest (BT-RF), and balanced training AdaBoost (BT- AdaBoost) were developed for AE data analysis, addressing training imbalances with an ensemble strategy. The study involved a full-scale flexural test on nine prestressed concrete girders, treating load determination as a classification task. AE signals were categorized into corresponding load steps. The results demonstrate that the proposed BT-RF performs well in classifying AE signals into their respective load steps. Additionally, this paper investigates and discusses the robustness of the BT-RF model.
Real-time monitoring of extrudability and buildability in 3D concrete printing based on target detection method
Authors: An Ning , Wang Huai , Liu Le , Li Shuo , Wang Peijun , Liu Mei
Published: October 2024

To improve the quality of printed concrete structures, more refined and efficient detection methods are needed for construction monitoring. This paper proposes a target detection model for quantifying the extrudability and buildability of printed concrete. This model combines the squeeze-excitation attention mechanism with the YOLOv8 target detection model, thereby enhancing the target detection capability. The quantification of extrudability is achieved by detecting the number and size of two common defects in the concrete printing process: cracks and notches. The quantification of buildability is achieved by calculating the overall height deviation of concrete printing based on the height of the extrusion height detection box. Within the investigated case, detection results show that the proposed model improves the mean average precision (mAP) by about 0.15 compared to the original YOLOv8 model in the detection of cracks, notches, and extrusion height, reaching 0.94. Most inference times are under 39 milliseconds per image, demonstrating real-time detection capability. For extrudability, detection relative errors for notch widths within 1.5 mm are generally controlled within 10%. For buildability, underprinting and overprinting states can be determined based on the overall height deviation in concrete printing. The proposed method overcomes the problems of low real-time performance and difficulty in quantifying printing status in previous concrete 3D printing.
Characterizing pituitary adenomas in clinical notes: Corpus construction and its application in LLMs
Authors: Hu Jiahui , Fu Jin , Zhao Wanqing , Lou Pei , Feng Ming , Ren Huiling , Feng Shanshan , Li Yansheng , Fang An
Published: October 2024

Objective: Faced with the challenges of differential diagnosis caused by the complex clinical manifestations and high pathological heterogeneity of pituitary adenomas, this study aims to construct a high-quality annotated corpus to characterize pituitary adenomas in clinical notes containing rich diagnosis and treatment information. Methods: A dataset from a pituitary adenomas neurosurgery treatment center of a tertiary first-class hospital in China was retrospectively collected. A semi-automatic corpus construction framework was designed. A total of 2000 documents containing 9430 sentences and 524,232 words were annotated, and the text corpus of pituitary adenomas (TCPA) was constructed and analyzed. Its potential application in large language models (LLMs) was explored through fine-tuning and prompting experiments. Results: TCPA had 4782 medical entities and 28,998 tokens, achieving good quality with the inter-annotator agreement value of 0.862–0.986. The LLMs experiments showed that TCPA can be used to automatically identify clinical information from free texts, and introducing instances with clinical characteristics can effectively reduce the need for training data, thereby reducing labor costs. Conclusion: This study characterized pituitary adenomas in clinical notes, and the proposed method were able to serve as references for relevant research in medical natural language scenarios with highly specialized language structure and terminology.
Evolutionary role of physician leaders in healthcare informatics and health technology
Authors: Hall Kendria , Bocobo Geoffrey , Badwal Randeep , Panesar Mandip
Published: October 2024

Background: Healthcare Informatics leaders are the bridge between the information systems and clinical departments. The role has grown to where Health Informatics leaders analyze, design, develop, implement, and evaluate information and communication systems that enhance individual and population health outcomes, improve patient care, and strengthen the clinician-patient relationship. Their role spans across administration, information technology into the clinical realm. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to identify the past, current roles, and responsibilities of Health Informatics leaders while the secondary outcome was to identify the future trends in the responsibilities and roles. Methods: A thirteen-question survey was emailed to recipients through listservs. Results: Respondents cited their roles have evolve in respect to EMR to improve patient outcome and efficiency, overseeing compliance with federal and state regulations, design and customization of information technology systems, quality improvement management, healthcare data analytics (machine learning and artificial intelligence), population health management. Conclusion: The role of CMIO and healthcare informatics leaders have begun to be distinctly delineated, and their positions have had a tremendous impact on the integration of health information technology in healthcare. The role of the CMIO will continue to evolve as technology changes.
Subtle or Covert Abuse Within Intimate Partner Relationships: A Scoping Review
Authors: Parkinson Rosemary , Jong Stephanie T. , Hanson Sarah
Published: October 2024

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global health problem enacted with varying degrees of severity, leading to mental and physical damage. Despite the acknowledgment that perpetration can be enacted in a subtle or covert way, there is a paucity of literature defining and describing such subtle abuse. Consequently, understanding about the behaviors and impacts of subtle abuse is limited, and there is a potential inability by therapists to recognize it in their clients. This scoping review sought to identify and synthesize the literature around subtle or covert abuse (SCA) in intimate adult relationships to clarify the concept, with the aim to aid professional recognition. PsychINFO (EBSCO), MEDLINE Complete (EBSCO), CINAHL (EBSCO), PsychArticles (EBSCO), Scopus, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, and EThOS were searched using relevant search terms. In total, 19 studies met the inclusion criteria by containing a description or definition of abuse based on primary research with adults in intimate partner relationships. Findings were synthesized using descriptive content analysis under four headings: (a) Descriptions and groupings of SCA behaviors, (b) The impact of SCA on victims, (c) Underlying theories of SCA, and (d) Recognition by professionals. This review suggests that SCA may be the most damaging of all abuses.
Lock Operations Through the Operator’s Eyes: A Qualitative Exploration of Gaze Strategies
Authors: Stuut Rutger , Janssen Christian P. , Van der Stigchel Stefan , Van Doorn Ellemieke
Published: October 2024

This paper reports a qualitative exploration of gaze strategies during closed-circuit television (CCTV) tasks in remote nautical object control of a lock. Previous research has not examined gaze strategies in scenarios where systems, such as nautical objects, are operated remotely using CCTV. As contextual factors matter in nautical object control, a qualitative approach was necessary to uncover domain-specific terminology and insights into gaze strategies. We recorded eye gaze from professional lock operators and then conducted semi-structured interviews with domain experts to assess these recordings. Thematic analysis revealed that experts were able to identify (features of) gaze strategies but did not share the same terminology. Based on this analysis we defined four strategies: anticipating, verifying, overview, and movement-directed gazes (RQ1). All strategies, except movement-directed gaze, were observed consistently across operators (RQ2), with verifying gaze aligning with task steps in a predefined protocol (RQ3). More generally, our classification framework from thematic analysis could help to systematically define and verify gaze strategies based on domain and task features across various CCTV working contexts. For nautical object control, the framework can be instrumental in interpreting and verifying future (quantitative) eye tracking results and informing instructional procedures.
Dementia and Cognitive Decline: A HEALM Approach
Authors: Jaqua Ecler E. , Tran Mai-Linh N. , Alvarez Pedro , Gupta Monica , Yoong Jessica
Published: October 2024

Dementia and cognitive decline pose significant global public health challenges, with prevalence expected to rise in the coming decades. Lifestyle medicine offers a promising approach to mitigating cognitive issues through six key interventions: diet, physical activity, restorative sleep, social connections, stress management, and avoiding risky substances. Traditional methods like randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have limitations in capturing the long-term impacts of these interventions. To overcome these challenges, the American College of Lifestyle Medicine (ACLM) and the True Health Initiative (THI) developed the Hierarchies of Evidence Applied to Lifestyle Medicine (HEALM) framework, informed by the Evidence Threshold Pathway Mapping (ETPM) approach. This framework integrates diverse evidence sources to assess intervention effects over time. Applying HEALM, this review evaluates lifestyle factors’ impact on dementia and cognitive decline. It finds strong evidence supporting plant-based nutrition, physical activity, restorative sleep, and avoiding risky substances in promoting cognitive health. Social connections may mitigate cognitive decline, while stress management requires further investigation due to inconclusive findings. Integrating these findings into public health strategies could effectively address the growing dementia burden and enhance overall well-being in aging populations, underscoring the need for continued research in cognitive health.
No one listens to us, we know this, so we participated: Qualitative evidence from menstruation research during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Junkins Eleanor J , Chehab Samar , Lee Katharine MN , Clancy Kathryn BH
Published: October 2024

Background:

We created a survey to assess menstrual side effects after COVID-19 vaccination when we noticed news stories that denied or discounted the experiences of tens of thousands of menstruating and formerly menstruating people who reported experiencing bleeding changes. This survey had an unprecedented response hundreds of times higher than we had anticipated ( n = 101,824).

Objectives:

We investigated what motivated our sample to participate without remuneration to understand both general motivations for survey participation as well as why this survey captured the interest of so many.

Design:

We used open-ended responses from our online, mixed-method survey collected from April to October 2021.

Methods:

Using computer-assisted qualitative data analysis tools in R, we conducted a thematic analysis on open-ended responses. We used topic modeling to cluster the data, synthesize responses across 22,737 participants, and inform the themes summarizing the responses to “What is your interest in this project?” We compared and contrasted responses across groups (racial identity, ethnicity, gender) to examine whether the themes were representative across the demographic groups in our study.

Results:

The themes that characterized participants’ interest in participating were vaccine effects and women’s/people’s health, personal experience related to the vaccine, and a love for science and data. We compared responses among demographic subgroups to avoid an overfocus on majority group responses and found the themes were reflected across each group. Lastly, we found our themes reflected multiple types of altruism.

Conclusion:

These results were important in showing how emergent research that focuses on the concerns of potential participants can encourage high response rates from both marginalized and majority communities. Inclusive practices and familiarity with the research team built credibility that engendered trust with the public.
Prefigurative remembrance: Archiving as activist mnemonic practice
Authors: Rigney Ann
Published: October 2024

This article explores the role of archives and archiving in the memory–activism nexus with reference to the various ‘movements of the squares’ that started in 2011. The Egyptian Uprising, 15M, Occupy Wall Street, the Gezi Uprising and Nuit Debout each made concerted efforts to ensure their future remembrance by laying down an archive in which their actions and aspirations were ‘sedimented’. The article explores the crossover between the prospective and retrospective orientations of this activist memory work. It argues that there is an affinity between the affordances of archives as a mnemonic medium and the movements’ ‘politics of prefiguration’, both because the participatory character of the archiving is already an exercise in radical democracy and because an archive provides not a single narrative with a prescribed meaning but a resource for future meaning-making by others.
My body my choice: The hostile appropriation of feminist cultural memory in American anti-vaccine movements
Authors: Blom Tashina
Published: October 2024

This article discusses how the reproductive rights slogan ‘my body my choice’ – which functions as a carrier of feminist cultural memory – was weaponised when it gained traction in anti-vaccine movements that appropriated it. During the global Covid-19 pandemic, transnationally coordinated groups associated with the far right and characterised by nationalist and pro-life values started using the protest slogan to politicise their resistance to local lockdown restrictions and vaccine and mask mandates. The article shows that their use of the slogan was a hostile form of mnemonic appropriation and analyses the discursive mechanisms used to discredit the reproductive rights movement. It demonstrates that when slogans become carriers of cultural memory, they can be used in claim-making by movements on opposing sides of the political spectrum. It concludes that protest memories can be used politically both in the advancement of social movement causes as well as in the backlash against those causes.
Dangerous remembering in volatile spaces: Activist memory work in the Iranian context
Authors: Mousavi Nafiseh
Published: October 2024

This article studies the interrelations of memory work and activism in the Iranian context by focusing on the way remembering victims of state violence informs political activism. Due to constant repression, the recurrence of state violence and the criminalisation of oppositional activities and non-conforming lifestyles, the Iranian context is saturated with contentious memories that cannot be brought into public space. Oppositional memory work, especially regarding the victims of direct state violence, has thus become dangerous, counts as defiance and requires alternative spaces for taking shape. This article maps out and explains how activist memory work in this context entails carving out activist memoryscapes and intertwines personal suffering with acts of remembering the other and how memory is used as a resource in broader modes of oppositional politics, justice-seeking and endeavours towards social change. Examples of activist memory work in the Woman, Life, Freedom protests, a short documentary film and a commemorative exhibition are analysed in the article to showcase the different mnemonic dynamics at stake and to highlight the importance of mediation and cultural forms in the formation of activist memory work.
Mnemonic adoption and rejection: How activists remember and forget previous mobilisations
Authors: Daphi Priska
Published: October 2024

Contributing to the growing literature on the memory-activism nexus, this article analyses how activists remember past activism. For social movements and activists, memories of past mobilisations represent both an asset and a burden. This article seeks to contribute to existing research on memory in activism by identifying recurrent patterns of how activists remember and forget previous mobilisations across different movements. Based on interviews with activists of the Global Justice Movement (1998–2007) and the Blockupy movement (2012–2015), four mnemonic modes are identified. These entail two types of mnemonic adoption, which highlight continuity with a positive or negative valence attached, and two types of mnemonic rejection, which highlight discontinuity with a positive or negative valence attached. I show how similar patterns of these mnemonic modes can be found across the two movements and their diverse subgroups. At the same time, however, these mnemonic patterns differ depending on the degree of activists’ identification with the overall movement; while activists who strongly identify with the movement in question remember failures of past mobilisations and their differences to current ones more clearly than similarities and successes, the opposite is the case for activists with low identification attachments.
Walks, marches, parades: LGBT+ activist mnemonic labour in Argentina
Authors: Salerno Daniele
Published: October 2024

This article investigates the mnemonic labour of LGBT+ activists and movements. It examines activists’ efforts to shape and mobilise memories for mnemonic, cultural and political change. The concept of the ‘memory-activism nexus’ is adopted as an analytical framework to unpack the relationship between memory in and of LGBT+ activism. This framework allows for a deeper understanding of the role of memory within the unique cultural orientation of LGBT+ movements. The article first offers an overview of the diverse approaches to mnemonic labour in the recent history of LGBT+ activism. Focusing on Argentina, the article then analyses the walk for Lesbian Visibility Day, organised in Buenos Aires by the activist collective Frente Docente Disidente in 2021. This case study shows how activists organise and sediment cultural memories for their later adaptation and (re)mobilisation.
A nomogram construction and multicenter validation for predicting overall survival after fruquintinib application in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Wang Xiao-Xuan , Zhou Yu-Wen , Wang Bo , Cao Peng , Luo De-Yun , Li Chun-Hong , Wang Kai , Qiu Meng
Published: October 2024

Background:

Fruquintinib is a third-line and subsequent targeted therapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Identifying survival predictors after fruquintinib is crucial for optimizing the clinical use of this medication.

Objectives:

We aimed to identify factors influencing the prognosis of patients with mCRC treated with fruquintinib and to leverage these insights to develop a nomogram model for estimating survival rates in this patient population.

Design:

Multicenter retrospective observational study.

Methods:

We collected patient data from January 2019 to October 2023, with one healthcare institution’s data serving as the training cohort and the other three hospitals’ data serving as the multicenter validation cohort. The nomogram for overall survival was calculated from Cox regression models, and variable selection was screened using the univariate Cox regression analysis with additional variables based on clinical experience. Model performance was measured by the concordance index (C-index), calibration curves, decision curve analyses (DCA), and utility (patient stratification into low-risk vs high-risk groups).

Results:

Data were ultimately collected on 240 patients, with 144 patients included in the training cohort and 96 included in the multicenter validation cohort. Predictors included in the nomogram were CA199, body mass index, T stage, the primary site of the tumor, and other metastatic and pathological differentiation. The C-index of the nomogram in the training set and multicenter validation was 0.714 and 0.729, respectively. The models were fully calibrated and their predictions aligned closely with the observed data. DCA curves indicated the promising clinical benefits of the predictive model. Finally, the reliability of the model was also verified through the risk classification using the nomogram.

Conclusions:

We constructed a nomogram for mCRC treated with fruquintinib based on six variables that may be used to assist in personalizing the use of the drug.