bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soundscapes of Resistance: Amplifying social justice activism and aural counterpublics through field recording-based sound practices
Authors: Yoganathan Nimalan
Published: November 2021

This article examines creative sound practitioners who audibly convey social justice commentary through their use of environmental soundscapes as source material. I discuss how micro-watt radio pioneer Mbanna Kantako, electronic music artist Muqata’a and audio activist Christopher DeLaurenti work with field recordings to produce subversive counter-narratives against news media and state discourses. I outline three specific sound projects as case studies: Kantako’s aural counter-surveillance of police encounters within the predominantly poor and Black neighbourhood of Springfield, Illinois; Muqata’a’s album Inkanakuntu (2018) composed using field recordings of Ramallah, West Bank; and DeLaurenti’s radio piece Fit the Description (2015) that incorporates field recordings of the protests following the 2014 police killing of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri. I argue that composing with soundscapes of contested urban spaces can function as sonic activism that confronts the oppressive soundscapes of systemic racism. The case studies are examined through the following common themes: 1) the use of what I term aural counterpublics to amplify marginalised voices and soundscapes of resistance, and 2) the radical re-appropriation of microphones and oppressive police and military audio technologies as a means of ‘speaking back’ to systems of power. Finally, I suggest how these case studies convey the need for intersectional and decolonised approaches to soundscape studies.
Polite Applause: The sonic politics of ‘Clap for Carers’
Authors: Mackay Sam
Published: November 2021

Between March and May 2020, an estimated 37 million people across the United Kingdom took part in the ‘Clap for Carers’ initiative against the backdrop of the global coronavirus pandemic. Participants stood on their doorsteps or balconies, or at their windows to clap, cheer and make other sounds, officially in praise of public health workers. The initiative was unique in British history, comparable in mass engagement only to certain instances of the ‘minute’s silence’, yet diametrically opposed in the sonic agency it appeared to permit. Drawing on interviews with participants, as well as published documentation and media reports, I ask how this sonic agency was made use of and managed, and to what ends. Charged with the emotional and political weight of the pandemic, Clap for Carers was an increasingly ambivalent phenomenon. While it might not present itself as an artistic practice, participants’ evident attention to sonic materiality justifies approaching it as such. Moreover, exploratory uses of sound and a proliferation of interpretive positions suggested it held some space for the autonomous experiences art entails. While the initiative’s narrowly defined consensus mirrored the pitfalls of some participatory art, these autonomous experiences gestured towards what Voegelin (2019) describes as an ‘echography of the inaudible’, through which a plurality of voices, actualities and political possibilities are heard. In this sense, such experiences of Clap for Carers point to sound’s distinctive capacity for (per)forming agonistic kinds of participatory practice.
Coping with COVID-19 pandemic: reflections of older couples living alone in urban Odisha, India
Authors: Mahapatra Pranab , Sahoo Krushna Chandra , Desaraju Shyama , Pati Sanghamitra
Published: November 2021

Aim:

We explored the ‘coping reflections’ of elderly couples living alone (without any other family members) during the COVID-19 pandemic in urban Odisha, India.

Background:

Evidence worldwide suggests that older people are at increased risk from COVID-19 adverse outcomes and experience greater stress. In our previous community-based study urban dwelling, particularly elderly participants, and living alone reported higher pandemic-associated health care challenges than their rural and residing-with-family counterparts. We intended to explore how the elderly couples living alone coped through this challenging yet stressful situation during the COVID-19 pandemic and what were their key strategies adopted toward this.

Methods:

We conducted telephonic in-depth interviews (IDIs) with 11 urban elderly couples living alone in Bhubaneswar city of Odisha, India using a semi-structured interview guide. All IDIs were digitally recorded, transcribed into the original language, and translated to English. We used a thematic approach for analysis.

Findings:

Four themes emerged: (1) Risk appraisal and feeling vulnerable; (2) Safeguarding against COVID-19; (3) Managing routine health care and emergency; and (4) Pursuing mental and psychological well-being. Although fear, anxiety, and loneliness were continuing stressors, many of them learnt to adapt and emerge resilient with the evolving situation. Various elements at the individual, family, community, and organizational levels were conducive to better coping. The companionship and complementary support of spouse, self-health literacy, and digital efficacy, virtual connectedness with family and friends, availability of community pharmacy and diagnostic services in the vicinity, support of neighbors, reengaging with creative leisure time activity, and assurance of a responsive administration at the time of emergency helped them to cruise through the pandemic. Furthermore, watching the re-telecast of prime time serials made these elderly fondly remember their own youth time memories. Self-health monitoring, indoor physical exercise, spiritual practices, continuation of previous prescription, telephonic advice of physicians were add-on strategies that facilitated their physical and psychological well-being during the pandemic.
Empirical tests for ex post moral hazard in a market for automobile insurance
Authors: Rowell David , Nghiem Son , Connelly Luke B.
Published: November 2021

Ex post moral hazard arises when the insured has an unobservable influence on the size of a loss after its occurrence. In automobile (property) insurance, ex post moral hazard could increase in the scope of the repairs and/or the value of the repairs. Both vehicle owners and auto repairers could gain from increasing the scope of repairs, while auto repairers would gain from an increase in the value of repairs. An analysis of 994 Australian road traffic crashes found that ex post moral hazard increased the value of repairs by 46.8 per cent of which 9 percentage points was explained by an increase in the scope of the repairs, which was defined as an increased from 2 to 2.4 parts per auto repair.
Social Exclusion, Subjective Academic Success, Well-Being, and the Meaning of Trust
Authors: Thies Barbara , Heise Elke , Bormann Inka
Published: November 2021

Abstract. This article uses a person-environment fit perspective to investigate whether and how educational background and general trust are related to fit (or not) with university life as well as to criteria of subjective academic success and well-being. To analyze how students perceive fit with their university, we measured their perception of exclusion and their affective commitment. The sample includes N = 424 students from two German universities, about half of whom have at least one parent with tertiary education. The results show that especially general trust is related to the subjective criteria of academic success, and that this relationship is mediated by the perception of exclusion, on the one hand, and by the affective commitment, on the other hand. A comparison of the two mediators shows that the perception of exclusion is particularly potent in terms of predicting satisfaction with coping with study demands and general well-being. We discuss the results in terms of their significance to the future diversity management at universities for overcoming social inequality and increasing social inclusion.
Analytical Solution and Numerical Simulation of Steady Flow Around a Circular Heterogeneity With Anisotropic and Concentrically Varying Permeability
Authors: Rousseau Moïse , Pabst Thomas
Published: November 2021

Accurately simulating flow to assess the environmental impact of backfilled mine open‐pit with hazardous waste is challenging. Excavation and blasting during mining operations often result in the creation of new fractures with preferential orientation, which leads to a variable and anisotropic permeability field around the excavation. Numerical simulations are often used to study such problems, but experimental data are scarce and analytical solutions for this configuration are not available in the literature, which make the code validation difficult and uncertain. Therefore, the present study aimed to address the numerical code validation by developing a new closed form head solution of a steady flow with a radially anisotropic and continuously varying permeability distribution around a heterogeneity. Numerical flow simulations using the finite volume code PFLOTRAN were then compared to the analytically calculated heads and flowrates on three cases of increasing complexity. Results showed a good agreement between analytical and simulated flowrates and heads, with a maximum absolute error not exceeding 3.5% on flowrates and 1.8% on heads. Errors were actually mainly caused by boundary effects and by the non‐respect of the K‐orthogonality condition in the computational mesh. This study opens the way for accurate evaluation of the blast damage zone influence on groundwater flow in and around open pits backfilled with hazardous wastes.
EpistoNet: an ensemble of Epistocracy-optimized mixture of experts for detecting COVID-19 on chest X-ray images
Authors: Mousavi Mojab Seyed Ziae , Shams Seyedmohammad , Fotouhi Farshad , Soltanian-Zadeh Hamid
Published: November 2021

The Coronavirus has spread across the world and infected millions of people, causing devastating damage to the public health and global economies. To mitigate the impact of the coronavirus a reliable, fast, and accurate diagnostic system should be promptly implemented. In this study, we propose EpistoNet, a decision tree-based ensemble model using two mixtures of discriminative experts to classify COVID-19 lung infection from chest X-ray images. To optimize the architecture and hyper-parameters of the designed neural networks, we employed Epistocracy algorithm, a recently proposed hyper-heuristic evolutionary method. Using 2500 chest X-ray images consisting of 1250 COVID-19 and 1250 non-COVID-19 cases, we left out 500 images for testing and partitioned the remaining 2000 images into 5 different clusters using K-means clustering algorithm. We trained multiple deep convolutional neural networks on each cluster to help build a mixture of strong discriminative experts from the top-performing models supervised by a gating network. The final ensemble model obtained 95% accuracy on COVID-19 images and 93% accuracy on non-COVID-19. The experimental results show that EpistoNet can accurately, and reliably be used to detect COVID-19 infection in the chest X-ray images, and Epistocracy algorithm can be effectively used to optimize the hyper-parameters of the proposed models.
Sensitization of the UPR by loss of PPP1R15A promotes fibrosis and senescence in IPF
Authors: Monkley Susan , Overed-Sayer Catherine , Parfrey Helen , Rassl Doris , Crowther Damian , Escudero-Ibarz Leire , Davis Nicola , Carruthers Alan , Berks Richard , Coetzee Marisa , Kolosionek Ewa , Karlsson Maria , Griffin Leia R. , Clausen Maryam , Belfield Graham , Hogaboam Cory M. , Murray Lynne A.
Published: November 2021

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a direct consequence of cellular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and a key disease driving mechanism in IPF. The resolution of the UPR is directed by PPP1R15A (GADD34) and leads to the restoration of normal ribosomal activity. While the role of PPP1R15A has been explored in lung epithelial cells, the role of this UPR resolving factor has yet to be explored in lung mesenchymal cells. The objective of the current study was to determine the expression and role of PPP1R15A in IPF fibroblasts and in a bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis model. A survey of IPF lung tissue revealed that PPP1R15A expression was markedly reduced. Targeting PPP1R15A in primary fibroblasts modulated TGF-β-induced fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation and exacerbated pulmonary fibrosis in bleomycin-challenged mice. Interestingly, the loss of PPP1R15A appeared to promote lung fibroblast senescence. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the major role of PPP1R15A in the regulation of lung mesenchymal cells, and regulation of PPP1R15A may represent a novel therapeutic strategy in IPF.
Recurrence and visual prognostic factors of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: 5-year results
Authors: Kim Joo Young , Son Woo Young , Kim Rae Young , Kim Mirinae , Park Young Gun , Park Young-Hoon
Published: November 2021

This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the factors affecting recurrence and visual prognosis in patients with treatment-naïve subfoveal polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). Patients who had received three consecutive intravitreal injections of ranibizumab or aflibercept and had reached remission were enrolled.
They were divided into a group without recurrence (group 1, 26 eyes) and a group with recurrence (group 2, 121 eyes) and followed up for at least 5 years. Patients in group 2 received additional treatment for worsening. Logistic regression analysis revealed that a young age of onset (P = 0.001), high choroidal vascularity index (CVI; P = 0.019), and presence of choroidal vascular hyperpermeability (CVH; P = 0.037) were associated with a low risk of recurrence. Multiple regression analysis revealed that recurrence (P = 0.001), greatest linear dimension (P = 0.003), and polyp configuration (single or cluster; P = 0.043) were associated with final visual acuity. Patients without recurrence had a lower age of onset and higher CVI than those with recurrence, and they tended to have CVH. In addition, patients with recurrence, large lesion, and cluster polyps had worse final visual acuity than those without these factors. CVI and CVH may be used to predict recurrence of PCV.
Weak and vanishing upper mantle discontinuities generated by large-scale lithospheric delamination in the Longmenshan area, China
Authors: He Chuansong
Published: November 2021

A large amount of high-quality teleseismic data is used for common conversion point (CCP) stacking of receiver functions in the Longmenshan area and near-by region. The results show that a large-scale high-velocity anomaly (LHVA) or lithospheric delamination can modify the structure of upper mantle discontinuities or weaken the phase boundary of olivine, which is a very important finding and can be used to assess stagnant slabs in the mantle transition zone globally. The deepening region of the 660 km discontinuity beneath the Songpan-Ganzi terrane identified in this study might be generated by the LHVA.
Outcome of childhood bacterial meningitis on three continents
Authors: Peltola Heikki , Roine Irmeli , Kallio Markku , Pelkonen Tuula
Published: November 2021

Our objective was to quantify the differences in the outcomes from childhood bacterial meningitis (BM) and to describe the factors associated with them in different parts of the world. This study is a secondary analysis of prospectively collected data from five clinical BM trials conducted in Finland, Latin America (LatAm), and Angola between 1984 and 2017. As all data were collected uniformly, direct comparison of the series was possible. Associations between patient characteristics and death or dismal outcome—the triad of death, severe neurological sequelae, or deafness—were explored. In all, data on 2123 children with BM were analyzed. Etiology was confirmed in 95%, 83%, and 64%, in Finland, LatAm and Angola, respectively. The leading agents were Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Neisseria meningitidis. Dismal outcome was the end result for 54%, 31%, and 5% of children in Angola, LatAm, and Finland, respectively. Although underweight, anemia, and tardy arrival worsened prognoses in Angola and LatAm, it was the presenting condition that was central in terms of outcome. In multivariate analysis, the factors independently associated with dismal outcome were the study site (Angola vs. Finland, OR 11.91, 95% CI 5.54–25.63, p < 0.0001 or LatAm vs. Finland, OR 9.46, 95% CI 4.35–20.61, p < 0.0001), Glasgow Coma Score < 13 (OR 4.58, 95% CI 3.31–6.32, p < 0.0001), seizures (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.43–2.69), age < 1 year (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.13–2.14, p = 0.007), and pneumococcal etiology (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.08–2.06, p = 0.015). Greatly dissimilar outcomes from BM reflected the findings on admission on all three continents. Optimizing growth, preventing anemia, and prompt treatment may improve outcomes in resource poor areas.
Multiplexed immunofluorescence identifies high stromal CD68+PD-L1+ macrophages as a predictor of improved survival in triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Wang James , Browne Lois , Slapetova Iveta , Shang Fei , Lee Kirsty , Lynch Jodi , Beretov Julia , Whan Renee , Graham Peter H. , Millar Ewan K. A.
Published: November 2021

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) comprises 10–15% of all breast cancers and has a poor prognosis with a high risk of recurrence within 5 years. PD-L1 is an important biomarker for patient selection for immunotherapy but its cellular expression and co-localization within the tumour immune microenvironment and associated prognostic value is not well defined. We aimed to characterise the phenotypes of immune cells expressing PD-L1 and determine their association with overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS). Using tissue microarrays from a retrospective cohort of TNBC patients from St George Hospital, Sydney (n = 244), multiplexed immunofluorescence (mIF) was used to assess staining for CD3, CD8, CD20, CD68, PD-1, PD-L1, FOXP3 and pan-cytokeratin on the Vectra Polaris™ platform and analysed using QuPath. Cox multivariate analyses showed high CD68+PD-L1+ stromal cell counts were associated with improved prognosis for OS (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.33–0.95, p = 0.030) and BCSS (HR 0.47, 95% CI 0.25–0.88, p = 0.018) in the whole cohort and in patients receiving chemotherapy, improving incrementally upon the predictive value of PD-L1+ alone for BCSS. These data suggest that CD68+PD-L1+ status can provide clinically useful prognostic information to identify sub-groups of patients with good or poor prognosis and guide treatment decisions in TNBC.
Development of laser ablation dielectric barrier discharge optical emission spectrometry (LA-DBD-OES) for direct determination of sulphur and chloride in the condensed phase and its application in pharmaceutical analysis
Authors: Ding Xuelu , Geng Chaoqun , Zhai Suhan , Cao Xiaoyan , Shi Zhenyan , Liu Kun
Published: November 2021

The implementation of laser-assisted sampling and atmospheric pressure plasma-based atomization/excitation for optical emission spectrometric determination of sulfur and chloride in organic compounds in the condensed phase.
Interfacial behaviour and quantitative analysis of hexadecyl phosphocholine drug at a polarized liquid/liquid interface
Authors: Viada Benjamín Nahuel , García Mónica Cristina , Yudi Lidia Mabel
Published: November 2021

A novel method for hexadecyl phosphocholine (miltefosine drug) quantification is proposed, based on cyclic voltammetry applied at the water/1,2-dichloroethane interface.
Rapid one-step scalable microwave synthesis of Ti3C2Tx MXene
Authors: Zhu Jing , Zhang Jingyi , Lin Ruiming , Fu Benwei , Song Chengyi , Shang Wen , Tao Peng , Deng Tao
Published: November 2021

We demonstrate a rapid one-step scalable microwave heating-based method to synthesize high-quality Ti3C2Tx MXenes with a tailorable size and superior NIR photothermal conversion performance.
Gold catalyzed efficient preparation of dihydrobenzofuran from 1,3-enyne and phenol
Authors: Wang Yu-Jiang , Zhang Yuan , Qiang Zou , Liang Jia-Ying , Chen Zili
Published: November 2021

Gold catalyzed preparation of dihydrobenzofuran was achieved through a highly ortho-selective phenol SEAr functionalization by using 1,3-enynes as α-oxo vinyl gold carbenoid surrogates.
Synthesis of multi-substituted 1,2,4-triazoles utilising the ambiphilic reactivity of hydrazones
Authors: Matsuzaki Haruo , Takeda Norihiko , Yasui Motohiro , Okazaki Mayuko , Suzuki Seishin , Ueda Masafumi
Published: November 2021

Efficient access to multi-substituted 1,2,4-triazoles through the formal [3+2] cycloaddition of hydrazones and nitriles has been developed.
Direct enhancement of intercomponent interactions in polyrotaxane and its pronounced effects on glass state properties
Authors: Kato Kazuaki , Mizusawa Tomoki , Ohara Akihiro , Ito Kohzo
Published: November 2021

Intercomponent interactions in polyrotaxane glass influenced the mobility of the threading polymer confined in the glassy host framework, resulting in markedly different mechanical properties.
Redox-active ligand based Mn(i)-catalyst for hydrosilylative ester reduction
Authors: Chakraborty Soumi , Das Arpan , Mandal Swadhin K.
Published: November 2021

A redox-active ligand-based Mn(i) catalyst initiates a single electron transfer (SET) to split the Si–H bond of PMHS leading to ester hydrosilylation under mild conditions.
Pharmaceutical nanococrystal synthesis: a novel grinding approach
Authors: Santos João A. V. , Baptista João A. , Santos Inês C. , Maria Teresa M. R. , Canotilho João , Castro Ricardo A. E. , Eusébio M. Ermelinda S.
Published: November 2021

Nanococrystals – a new greenin situsurfactant-assisted mechanochemical synthesis.
Latency control of chemical reactions in polymerization of epoxy resins using a hydrogen bonding network
Authors: Haneda Tsuyoshi , Matsuno Shinya , Yamamoto Hisanao , Ohtsu Hiroyoshi , Kawano Masaki
Published: November 2021

Latency control on the basis of molecular design of a solid state by introducing hydrogen bonding into epoxy curing agents.
Nucleation behaviour of racemic and enantiopure histidine
Authors: Harfouche Lina C. , Clevers Simon , Coquerel Gérard , Rietveld Ivo B.
Published: November 2021

Small non-centrosymmetric domains are observed in the racemic crystal, due to the low nucleation activation energy of the conglomerate.
Photodissociation of the methyl radical: the role of nonadiabatic couplings in enhancing the variety of dissociation mechanisms
Authors: García-Vela A.
Published: November 2021

The nonadiabatic photodissociation dynamics of the CH3 (and CD3) radical from the 3pz and 3s Rydberg states is investigated by applying a one-dimensional (1D) wave packet model that uses recently calculated ab initio 1D electronic potential-energy curves and nonadiabatic couplings.
Non-covalent interactions in molecular systems: thermodynamic evaluation of the hydrogen bond strength in aminoalcohols
Authors: Siewert Riko , Ludwig Ralf , Verevkin Sergey P.
Published: November 2021

In molecules with two functional groups that form hydrogen bonds, the strength of intramolecular hydrogen bonds does not depend significantly on the structure.
Rechargeable aqueous zinc–bromine batteries: an overview and future perspectives
Authors: Yin Yanbin , Yuan Zhizhang , Li Xianfeng
Published: November 2021

We review the past and present investigations on ZBBs, discuss the key problems and technical challenges, and propose perspectives for the future, with the focus on materials and chemistry.
Room-temperature phosphorescence of manganese-based metal halides
Authors: Zhang Yue , Chen Dian , Jin Kai-Hang , Zang Shuang-Quan , Wang Qing-Lun
Published: November 2021

Four manganese-based metal halides of different dimensions with a long lifetime and high luminous efficiency were synthesized by changing organic cations. From 2D to 0D, the luminescence efficiency and RTP lifetime of manganese halides were enhanced.
Stimulative formation of truncated octahedral LiMn2O4 by Cr and Al co-doping for use in durable cycling Li-ion batteries
Authors: Liang Qimei , Wang Zilin , Bai Wei , Guo Junming , Xiang Mingwu , Liu Xiaofang , Bai Hongli
Published: November 2021

The LiCr0.01Al0.05Mn1.94O4 cathode material exhibits an excellent rate capability and prolonged cycle life owing to the improved structural stability and well-developed single crystal morphology formed from {111}, {110} and {100} planes.
Selective hydrogenation of furfural using a membrane reactor
Authors: Delima Roxanna S. , Stankovic Mia D. , MacLeod Benjamin P. , Fink Arthur G. , Rooney Michael B. , Huang Aoxue , Jansonius Ryan P. , Dvorak David J. , Berlinguette Curtis P.
Published: November 2021

Electrocatalytic palladium membrane reactors (ePMRs) use electricity and water to drive hydrogenation reactions without forming H2 gas.
Water-removable ynamide coupling reagent for racemization-free syntheses of peptides, amides, and esters
Authors: Liu Tao , Zhang Xue , Peng Zejun , Zhao Junfeng
Published: November 2021

A water-removable ynamide coupling reagent for racemization-free construction of amide and ester bonds was reported. No column chromatography purification was involved because acidic aqueous work-up removed the byproduct completely.
Ionic liquid-assisted electrodeposition synthesis of CuO films
Authors: Wang Chen , Yang Gang , Zhang Yubo , Lu Zicheng , Wang Yongqian
Published: November 2021

CuO films were prepared by ionic liquid assisted electrodeposition to be used as photocatalysts to degrade organic dyes.
When crown ethers finally click: novel, click-assembled, fluorescent enantiopure pyridino-crown ether-based chemosensors–and anN-2-aryl-1,2,3-triazole containing one
Authors: Szemenyei Balázs , Malmosi Mira , Pál Dávid , Baranyai Péter , Drahos László , Móczár Ildikó , Huszthy Péter
Published: November 2021

Fluorescent chemosensors containing differently connected 1,2,3-triazole units for enantiomeric recognition studies of chiral protonated primary amines and amino acid esters.
Transition metal catalysed direct construction of 2-pyridone scaffolds through C–H bond functionalizations
Authors: Pan Subarna , Sarkar Souradip , Ghosh Bidhan , Samanta Rajarshi
Published: November 2021

A summary of literature on transition metal catalysed construction of 2-pyridone scaffolds using a wide range of coupling partners via C–H bond functionalizations has been described.
Speech Abilities in a Heterogeneous Group of Children With Autism
Authors: Broome Kate , McCabe Patricia , Docking Kimberley , Doble Maree , Carrigg Bronwyn
Published: November 2021

Purpose:

This study aimed to provide detailed descriptive information about the speech of a heterogeneous cohort of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to explore whether subgroups exist based on this detailed speech data. High rates of delayed and disordered speech in both low-verbal and high-functioning children with ASD have been reported. There is limited information regarding the speech abilities of young children across a range of functional levels.

Method:

Participants were 23 children aged 2;0–6;11 (years;months) with a diagnosis of ASD. Comprehensive speech and language assessments were administered. Independent and relational speech analyses were conducted from single-word naming tasks and spontaneous speech samples. Hierarchical clustering based on language, nonverbal communication, and spontaneous speech descriptive data was completed.

Results:

Independent and relational speech analyses are reported. These variables are used in the cluster analyses, which identified three distinct subgroups: (a) children with high language and high speech ability (
n
= 10), (b) children with low expressive language and low speech ability but higher receptive language and use of gestures (
n
= 3), and (c) children with low language and low speech development (
n
= 10).

Conclusions:

This is the first study to provide detailed descriptive speech data of a heterogeneous cohort of children with ASD and use this information to statistically explore potential subgroups. Clustering suggests a small number of children present with low levels of speech and expressive language in the presence of better receptive language and gestures. This communication profile warrants further exploration. Replicating these findings with a larger cohort of children is needed.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16906978
Phonetic Encoding Contributes to the Processing of Linguistic Prosody at the Word Level: Cross-Linguistic Evidence From Event-Related Potentials
Authors: Yu Luodi , Zeng Jiajing , Wang Suiping , Zhang Yang
Published: November 2021

Purpose:

This study aimed to examine whether abstract knowledge of word-level linguistic prosody is independent of or integrated with phonetic knowledge.

Method:

Event-related potential (ERP) responses were measured from 18 adult listeners while they listened to native and nonnative word-level prosody in speech and in nonspeech. The prosodic phonology (speech) conditions included disyllabic pseudowords spoken in Chinese and in English matched for syllabic structure, duration, and intensity. The prosodic acoustic (nonspeech) conditions were hummed versions of the speech stimuli, which eliminated the phonetic content while preserving the acoustic prosodic features.

Results:

We observed language-specific effects on the ERP that native stimuli elicited larger late negative response (LNR) amplitude than nonnative stimuli in the prosodic phonology conditions. However, no such effect was observed in the phoneme-free prosodic acoustic control conditions.

Conclusions:

The results support the integration view that word-level linguistic prosody likely relies on the phonetic content where the acoustic cues embedded in. It remains to be examined whether the LNR may serve as a neural signature for language-specific processing of prosodic phonology beyond auditory processing of the critical acoustic cues at the suprasyllabic level.
Feedback and Feedforward Auditory-Motor Processes for Voice and Articulation in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Abur Defne , Subaciute Austeja , Daliri Ayoub , Lester-Smith Rosemary A. , Lupiani Ashling A. , Cilento Dante , Enos Nicole M. , Weerathunge Hasini R. , Tardif Monique C. , Stepp Cara E.
Published: November 2021

Purpose:

Unexpected and sustained manipulations of auditory feedback during speech production result in “reflexive” and “adaptive” responses, which can shed light on feedback and feedforward auditory-motor control processes, respectively. Persons with Parkinson's disease (PwPD) have shown aberrant reflexive and adaptive responses, but responses appear to differ for control of vocal and articulatory features. However, these responses have not been examined for both voice and articulation in the same speakers and with respect to auditory acuity and functional speech outcomes (speech intelligibility and naturalness).

Method:

Here, 28 PwPD on their typical dopaminergic medication schedule and 28 age-, sex-, and hearing-matched controls completed tasks yielding reflexive and adaptive responses as well as auditory acuity for both vocal and articulatory features.

Results:

No group differences were found for any measures of auditory-motor control, conflicting with prior findings in PwPD while off medication. Auditory-motor measures were also compared with listener ratings of speech function: first formant frequency acuity was related to speech intelligibility, whereas adaptive responses to vocal fundamental frequency manipulations were related to speech naturalness.

Conclusions:

These results support that auditory-motor processes for both voice and articulatory features are intact for PwPD receiving medication. This work is also the first to suggest associations between measures of auditory-motor control and speech intelligibility and naturalness.
Relationships Among Personality, Daily Speaking Voice Use, and Phonotrauma in Adult Female Singers
Authors: Toles Laura E. , Roy Nelson , Sogg Stephanie , Marks Katherine L. , Ortiz Andrew J. , Fox Annie B. , Mehta Daryush D. , Hillman Robert E.
Published: November 2021

Purpose:

This study sought to determine whether personality traits related to extraversion and impulsivity are more strongly associated with singers with nodules compared to vocally healthy singers and to understand the relationship between personality and the types of daily speaking voice use.

Method:

Weeklong ambulatory voice recordings and personality inventories were obtained for 47 female singers with nodules and 47 vocally healthy female singers. Paired
t
tests investigated trait differences between groups. Relationships between traits and weeklong speaking voice measures (vocal dose, sound pressure level [SPL], neck surface acceleration magnitude [NSAM], fundamental frequency, cepstral peak prominence [CPP], and the ratio of the first two harmonic magnitudes [
H
1
–H
2
]) were examined using pairwise Pearson
r
coefficients. Multiple regressions were performed to estimate voice parameters that correlated with two or more traits.

Results:

Singers with nodules scored higher on the Social Potency scale (reflecting a tendency toward social dominance) and lower on the Control scale (reflecting impulsivity) compared to the vocally healthy singers. In vocally healthy singers, vocal dose measures were positively correlated with a combination of Wellbeing (i.e., happiness) and Social Potency, mean SPL was positively correlated with Wellbeing, SPL variability was positively correlated with Social Potency and negatively with Harm Avoidance, and CPP mean was positively correlated with Wellbeing. Singers with nodules had a negative correlation between NSAM skewness and Social Potency. Both groups had negative correlations between
H
1
–H
2
mean and Social Potency and Social Closeness.

Conclusions:

Singers with nodules are more socially dominant and impulsive than vocally healthy singers. Personality traits are related to daily speaking voice use, particularly in vocally healthy singers. Individuals with higher levels of traits related to happiness and social dominance and lower Harm Avoidance tended to speak more, with higher laryngeal forces, with more SPL variability, and with more pressed glottal closure, which could increase risk of phonotrauma.
A cyber‐attack detection method for load control system based on cyber and physical layer crosscheck mechanism
Authors: Wu Yingjun , Ru Yingtao , Shi Zhanyu , Xu Jinjiang , Liu Jintao , Zhang Fengye , Ni Ming , Li Manli
Published: November 2021

Cyber‐attack has become one of the main threats to the safe operation of the load control system in the distribution network. Currently, a large number of methods are developed to detect cyber‐attacks. However, most of these methods make decisions based on information from a single cyber layer or physical layer. If the decision is wrong, there is no way to verify it. Therefore, if the separate decisions can be made in the cyber layer and physical layer at the same time, and a final judgment is received throughout the two decisions, then the accuracy and credibility of cyber‐attack detection can be improved. First, the particle swarm optimization‐based backpropagation neural network is adopted to detect attacks in the cyber layer, at the same time, the criteria importance though intercrieria correlation‐based grey relational analysis is adopted for the assessment of node risk level in the physical layer. Then, based on the incidence matrix model between the cyber layer and the physical layer, a crosscheck mechanism is proposed to detect the cyber‐attack through the verification of the two decisions. Finally, taking the IEEE 33‐node system as an example, the validity of the proposed method to detect the denial of service attack is verified.
Review of machine learning‐driven design of polymer‐based dielectrics
Authors: Zhu Ming‐Xiao , Deng Ting , Dong Lei , Chen Ji‐Ming , Dang Zhi‐Min
Published: November 2021

Polymer‐based dielectrics are extensively applied in various electrical and electronic devices such as capacitors, power transmission cables and microchips, in which a variety of distinct performances such as the dielectric and thermal properties are desired. To fulfil these properties, the emerging machine learning (ML) technique has been used to establish a surrogate model for the structure–property linkage analysis, which provides an effective tool for the rational design of the chemical and morphological structure of polymers/nanocomposites. In this article, the authors reviewed the recent progress in the ML algorithms and their applications in the rational design of polymer‐based dielectrics. The main routes for collecting training data including online libraries, experiments and high‐throughput computations are first summarized. The fingerprints charactering the microstructures of polymers/nanocomposites are presented, followed by the illustration of ML models to establish a mapping between the fingerprinted input and the target properties. Further, inverse design methods such as evolution searching strategies and generative models are described, which are exploited to accelerate the discovery of new polymer‐based dielectrics. Moreover, structure–property linkage analysis techniques such as Pearson correlation calculation, decision‐tree‐based methods and interpretable neural networks are summarized to identify the key features affecting the target properties. The future development prospects of the ML‐driven design method for polymer‐based dielectrics are also presented in this review.
Three‐dimensional decoupling imaging method for wideband two‐dimensional multiple‐input‐multiple‐output radar
Authors: Ding Shanshan , Tong Ningning , Feng Weike , Wan Pengcheng , Zhang Yongshun
Published: November 2021

Wideband two‐dimensional multiple input multiple output (MIMO) radar can be used for target three‐dimensional (3‐D) imaging. As the echo of wideband MIMO radar is derived from both time and spatial sampling, the time‐frequency coupling is contained, resulting in imaging defocussing. To solve this problem, a time‐frequency decoupling algorithm based on matrix enhancement and matrix pencil (MEMP) is proposed to achieve high‐resolution 3‐D imaging. By combining the enhanced matrix constructed via MEMP with the modern spectral estimation theory, the time‐frequency coupling term is regarded as a space rotation factor and is eliminated in the process of target position estimation. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce the negative influence of time‐frequency coupling and improve the imaging accuracy of wideband two‐dimensional MIMO radar.
The symbiotic binary St 2-22: Orbital and stellar parameters and jet evolution following its 2019 outburst
Authors: Gałan C. , Mikołajewska J. , Iłkiewicz K. , Monard B. , Żywica S. T. , Zamanov R. K.
Published: November 2021

Context. St 2-22 is a relatively poorly studied S-type symbiotic system that belongs to a small group of jet-producing systems as a result of disc accretion onto a white dwarf fed by its red giant companion.

Aims. The goal of this paper is to analyse the nature and derive the basic parameters of St 2-22, and to follow the jet evolution.

Methods. Photometric monitoring for over 16 yr and high-quality spectroscopic data enabled us to shed new light on its nature. The high-resolution SALT spectra and V Ic photometry obtained during and between the last two outbursts have been used to search for periodic changes, to derive spectroscopic orbits of both system components, and to study the outburst and jet evolution.

Results. We present the orbital and stellar parameters of the system components. The orbital period is Porb = 918 ± 6d. The double-line spectroscopic orbits indicate the mass ratio q = Mg Mh−1 = 3.50 ± 0.53, and the components masses Mgsin3i ∼ 2.35 M⊙ and Mhsin3i ∼ 0.67 M⊙. The orbit shows significant eccentricity, e = 0.16 ± 0.07. The orbital inclination is close to 70°. During outbursts, accelerating and decelerating jets are observed with changes in their radial velocity component in a range from ∼1500 up to nearly 1800 km s−1. St 2-22 turned out to be a classical symbiotic system very similar to the precursor of the group – Z And.
The Eye Van – An Evaluation of the Quality of Care of Visually Impaired People in the Rural Areas of South Baden
Authors: Daniel Moritz Claudius , Böhringer Daniel , Wolski Lucas , Himmelsbach Ines , Schäfers Gerd , Dünzen Rainer , Reinhard Thomas , Ness Thomas
Published: November 2021

Background Especially in rural areas, access of visually impaired people to ophthalmic care and counselling can be limited. The Eye Van is a project supported by the Ministry for Rural Affairs and Consumer Protection Baden-Württemberg which offers visually impaired people an on-the-spot ophthalmological examination and counselling on low-vision aids and social support services. The aim of this project was to evaluate the quality of care provided to visually impaired people in the rural areas of South Baden.

Materials and Methods Between 2016 and 2019, 45 villages in South Baden participated in this project. The visits were advertised in the local press. Appointments were assigned and participant eligibility was assessed over the telephone by the local Federation of the Blind and Partially Sighted in South Baden. During the on-site visits, a medical history was obtained from participants, who then received a comprehensive ophthalmological examination and counselling on low-vision aids and social support services. Interviews were conducted in order to determine the expectations of the participants and to assess their quality of life. A second interview, focused on the measures that had been implemented and changes in the participantsʼ quality of life, was carried out three months later.

Results In total, 264 participants were examined. Of these, 101 participants fulfilled the criteria of moderate/severe visual impairment or blindness defined by the WHO (World Health Organization). The mean age of the visually impaired participants was 85 years. The median decimal visual acuity was 0.08. The median length of time since the participantsʼ last ophthalmological examination was one year. Among the visually impaired participants, 13% did not have any low-vision aids. Their use was recommended to 62% of the visually impaired participants. The main expectation of participants was counselling on low-vision aids and support services. Among all the participants, 42 did one interview and 28 did two interviews. In the second interview, 72% of the participants claimed to have implemented the recommendations. There was no statistically significant change in their quality of life.

Conclusion The access of visually impaired people to ophthalmic care does not seem to be limited in the rural areas of South Baden. Nevertheless, there was a high demand for counselling on low-vision aids and social support services.
Gesundheitskompetenzen fördern – Selbstmanagement bei chronischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Weise Andrea , Hersche-Cupelli Ruth
Published: November 2021

Damit Menschen mit einer chronischen Erkrankung wieder Vertrauen in ihre Fähigkeiten gewinnen und Verhalten ändern können, eignen sich Selbstmanagement-Schulungen. Andrea Weise und Ruth Hersche erläutern, worauf es bei einem wirksamen Selbstmanagement ankommt.
Mit Studium zum Akademischen Experten für Intensivpflege
Authors: Hallermaier-Sterer Petra , Steininger Alfred , Rameder Benedikt , Hiesmayr Michael , Krenn Claus G.
Published: November 2021

Innerhalb von zwei Semestern können sich Studierende in Wien zum Akademischen Experten für Intensivpflege ausbilden lassen. Ein wichtiges Ziel ist, dass die Absolventen ein Verständnis für Evidence-based Nursing entwickeln und Praxis und Wissenschaft miteinander verknüpfen.
Modellhafte Register für die Versorgungsforschung
Authors: Stausberg Jürgen
Published: November 2021

Register sind eine etablierte und bewährte Methode der Versorgungsforschung 1. Umso weitsichtiger war es vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) im Jahre 2016, mit einer Ausschreibung zum Aufbau modellhafter patientenbezogener Register für die Versorgungsforschung die Zukunftsfähigkeit und Innovationskraft dieser Methode zu unterstreichen (s. https://www.gesundheitsforschung-bmbf.de/de/modellhafte-register-realisierungsphase-9011.php). Hierbei hatte das BMBF mit einer Zweiteilung der Förderung in eine Konzepterstellung und eine Realisierung die Bedeutung der systematischen Entwicklung eines Registers hervorgehoben und damit die Impulse aus dem Deutschen Netzwerk Versorgungsforschung (DNVF) für ein Registerprotokoll 2 aufgenommen. Aus 16 Projekten wurden sechs Register für eine Umsetzung ausgewählt, die sich zusammen mit einem Begleitprojekt in diesem Sonderheft der Zeitschrift „Das Gesundheitswesen“ präsentieren.
HerediCaRe: Dokumentations- und IT-Lösung eines spezialisierten Registers für erblichen Brust- und Eierstockkrebs
Authors: Engel Christoph , Wieland Kerstin , Zachariae Silke , Bucksch Karolin , Enders Ute , Schoenwiese Ulrike , Yahiaoui-Doktor Maryam , Keupp Katharina , Waha Anke , Hahnen Eric , Remy Robert , Ernst Corinna , Loeffler Markus , Schmutzler Rita K.
Published: November 2021

Das nationale Register „HerediCaRe“ für die Evaluation und Verbesserung der risiko-adjustierten Prävention bei erblichem Brust- und Eierstockkrebs ist eines von sechs vom BMBF geförderten „modellhaften Registern in der Versorgungsforschung“. In diesem Beitrag beschreiben und diskutieren wir die zur standardisierten Datenerfassung gewählte Dokumentations- und IT-Lösung auf der Basis der zuvor definierten speziellen funktionalen Anforderungen. Die Dokumentation gliedert sich in verschiedene patientenindividuell einzusetzende Module, die auf einem zuvor festgelegten Merkmalskatalog beruhen. Aufgrund spezieller funktionaler Anforderungen wurde eine eigene Datenerfassungsanwendung auf der Basis von ORACLE und ORACLE Forms entwickelt und implementiert. Die speziellen Anforderungen umfassten u. a. die Einbindung grafischer Stammbaumdarstellungen, den strukturierten Upload von Stammbaumdaten und molekulargenetischen Informationen, die automatisierte Altdatenübernahme aus dem Vorgängersystem, sowie die freie Programmierbarkeit von beliebig komplexen Datenbankabfragen zur zentralen Datenqualitätsprüfung. In die Anwendung ist eine Datenbank zur patienten-unabhängigen Verwaltung genetischer Risikovarianten nahtlos integriert und mit den patientenbezogenen Daten verknüpft. Die Vor- und Nachteile der gewählten IT-Lösung werden kritisch diskutiert. Insgesamt kommen wir zu der Schlussfolgerung, dass es angesichts der komplexen Dokumentation und der speziellen Funktionsanforderungen alternativ keine fertigen Softwareprodukte zu der von uns gewählten Eigenentwicklung existieren.
Halogenations of 3-Aryl-1H-pyrazol-5-amines
Authors: Dai Bin , Liu Ping , He Jing , Wei Yueting , Feng Yijiao , Li Chuntian
Published: November 2021

A direct C–H halogenation of 3-aryl-1H-pyrazol-5-amines using N-halogenosuccinimides (NXS; X = Br, I, Cl) in dimethyl sulfoxide at room temperature has been developed. This transformation provides an effective metal-free protocol for the synthesis of novel 4-halogenated pyrazole derivatives with moderate to excellent yields. The method utilizes NXS reagents as cheap and safe halogenating reagents under simple and mild reaction conditions, it has broad substrate scope, and can be used for gram-scale synthesis. The utility of this procedure is established by further transformations of the 4-halogenated products. Mechanism studies show that DMSO plays a dual role of catalyst and solvent.
Progress in the Synthesis of N-Acyl-N,O-acetals
Authors: Ma Xiao-Yan , Shao Fu-Qiang , Hu Xinjun , Liu Xingyong
Published: November 2021

N-Acyl-N,O-acetals are key components in a variety of bioactive natural products. Furthermore, they are synthetic equivalents of unstable N-acylimines and building blocks in organic synthesis. Tremendous efforts have been made in the synthesis of such acetals, these methods can be broadly classified into two categories: electrochemical oxidation and chemical methods. Herein, we will summarize progress in the preparation of these subunits, which may aid the development of new synthetic methods for N-acyl-N,O-acetals.

1 Introduction

2 Synthetic Methods for Preparing N-Acyl-N,O-acetals

2.1 Electrochemical Oxidation

2.2 Chemical Methods

2.3 Other Methods

3 Summary and Outlook