bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of quality factors especially of sweep of poplar trees on assortment structure
Authors: Danilovic Milorad
Published: September 2009

The factors of quality which affect the sawing yield were researched for poplar plantations, from the aspect of the application of national standards for roundwood. The research was performed in the period 2002-2003 on two temporary sample plots, in poplar plantations Populus?euramericana I-214 aged 25 years. The sample plots were selected depending on the clone species, planting pattern, and plantation flood risk, and branch pruning. The analyzed quality factors are: knots, minimal dimensions, sweep, false heart, ovality and tapering. The measured data were processed according to the original methodology. Based on the study results, the significance of quality factors was ranked in two different stand situations. Of all the study factors, knots have the highest effect on log yield, which is especially significant in marking for cross cutting of the larger trees. The sweep of trees in poplar plantations with higher flood risk is greater compared to the sweep of trees in plantations which are in the zone protected from floods. In poplar plantation Populus?euramericana I-214 which is exposed to frequents flooding (OP-2), sweep is the third significant factor, compared to the plantation protected from floods (OP?3), where sweep is the fifth factor according to significance. The effect of sweep in the plantation exposed to flooding is 2.4 times higher than the effect of sweep in the plantation protected from floods. Total value of the assortments made of tree trunk grows with the increase of tree diameter on both sample plots. This correlation is represented by the function Y=a?Xb, and the correlation between the variables is complete. The value of assortments of a certain quality for the study stand conditions can be calculated by the selected model functions, i.e. represented by assortment tables. This study shows inter alia, that there is not a unique model for all poplar plantations when the value percentage of assortments is determined, although they are homogeneous plantations by structural elements.
The most significant parasitic and saprophytic fungi on willows in the area of Central Danube Basin
Authors: Markovic Miroslav , Karadzic Dragan
Published: September 2009

Parasitic and saprophytic fungi on willows were researched in the area of Central Danube Basin. Altogether 64 species were identified, of which Marssonina salicicola and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides have the greatest significance on more juvenile trees, and Phellinus igniarius, Trametes suaveolens and Laetiporus sulphureus on the older trees.
Effect of temperature on the mycelial growth of the fungus Sphaeropsis sapinea
Authors: Milijasevic Tanja
Published: September 2009

Effect of temperature on mycelial growth was tested on 11 isolates from six pine species - P. nigra, P. sylvestris, P. halepensis, P. heldreichii, P. pinaster and P. pinea, originating from Serbia and Montenegro. The optimal temperature for mycelial growth of the fungus S. sapinea on potato-dextrose agar (PDA) and malt-extract agar (MEA) media was 28?C. However, a very similar colony growth occurred also at 25?C. The growth of all the tested isolates was better on PDA than on MEA. In addition to faster growth, on PDA the fungus showed the physiological activity in the wider temperature interval - between 4?C and 40?C. On MEA, all isolates grew in the temperature interval between 10?C and 35?C. However, colony formation or inoculum growth of a low number of isolates occurred also at 4?C. The differences in growth among the isolates occurred only at the temperatures which are closer to cardinal.
Survey of flora in the virgin reserve "Lom"
Authors: Bucalo Vojin , Brujic Jugoslav , Travar Jovan , Milanovic Djordjije
Published: September 2009

Virgin Reserve "Lom" is one of the three protected areas of this rank in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the most conserved part of the forest of beech fir and spruce ass. Piceo-Abieti-Fagetum in the wider area. Previous research of flora in the Reserve was partial, within the more widely formulated themes. During the research in 2005 and 2006, in the area of the Reserve (298 ha) the authors identified the biodiversity of 81 species fungi, 6 lichens 50 mosses, 17 ferns and 233 flowering plants.
The most significant fungi: Agents of wood decay in oak forests of Serbia
Authors: Milijasevic Tanja , Karadzic Dragan
Published: September 2009

The most widely distributed oak species in Serbia are Q. petrea (sessile oak), Q. cerris (Turkey oak) and Q. frainetto (Hungarian oak) and Quercus robur (common oak), and lignicolous fungi are the major agents of wood decay in natural and coppice oak forests. In this research, 33 species of fungi were identified. Eleven species were described, among which the most significant are: Armillaria mellea, Fomes fomentarius, Hypoxylon deustum Laetiporus sulphureus, Lenzites quercina and Phellinus robustus. This paper presents the morphological characteristics of the most significant identified fungi, their distribution, host plants and significance.
Model of Serbian spruce genetic diversity conservation applying MPBS method
Authors: Milovanovic Jelena , Sijacic-Nikolic Mirjana
Published: September 2009

Multiple Population Breeding System (MPBS) means that the genetic conservation population is split into subpopulations with each having an effective population size of approximately 50 individuals (Namkoong, 1984). The main reasons for development of the MPBS is the need for preparation of adequate breeding strategy which would be useful in future breeding goals and environmental conditions changing processes. MPBS is dynamic and allows for adaptation via natural selection or breeding. In contrast to hierarchical systems that require several generations of back-crossing to introduce genes into the breeding population immediate changes of breeding goals are possible in MPBS breeding. The cost of running a MPBS programme is not expected to differ much from running a breeding programme with just one large breeding population. MPBS is very appropriate conservation method for endangered species due to future environmental and breeding aims changes. In this paper suggestion for conservation and improvement of Serbian spruce genetic diversity applying MPBS has been explained.
Development of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L) on the foliage of Quercus cerris L., Q. Petraea (matt) Liebl. and Q. Robur L. in the controlled conditions
Authors: Milanovic Slobodan
Published: September 2009

The development of Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L) was monitored in laboratory conditions, on the foliage of the species Quercus cerris L. Quercus petraea (Matt) Liebl. and Quercus robur L. The experiment was established in the controlled environmental conditions, at the temperature of 25?C, photoperiod 14:10 (day: night) and relative humidity 70%. The objective of the research was to determine the suitability of the study host plant species for gypsy moth development. The study results show that Gypsy moth caterpillars cultivated on Q. petraea foliage had a lower survival, higher number of moultings, longer preadult development and lower fecundity, which makes this species less suitable compared to the other two. Gypsy moth caterpillars cultivated on Q. cerris foliage had the highest survival degree the lowest number of moultings, the shortest preadult development and the highest fecundity, which makes this species the most favourable for gypsy moth development. Q. robur was between the former two species in this respect.
Trends of wood window and door consumption in Spain, France and Germany as elements of strategy for their export from Serbia
Authors: Rankovic Nenad , Glavonjic Branko , Oblak Leon , Petrovic Slavica
Published: September 2009

The paper gives results of the analysis of econometric models and trends of wood window and door consumption in Spain, France and Germany in the period 2008-2012. The results of the analysis are important for the process of creating export strategy for the chosen wood products from Serbia on the markets of the chosen countries. For each of the abovementioned markets, main recommendations in view of the possibilities for wood windows and doors export from Serbia are given, as well as the recommendations for the appearance of domestic producers on each of the chosen markets.
A contribution to the study of hackberry (Celtis occidentalis L.) juvenile stage of development
Authors: Sijacic-Nikolic Mirjana , Knezevic Radmila , Milovanovic Jelena
Published: September 2009

Seed material for the study of hackberry characters and variation in the juvenile stage of development was collected in the micropopulations on the territory of the town Sombor. The study results refer to different stages of early ontogeny, which are presented at 7 levels. The observed variation at the levels of seeds, seedlings, 1-year-old and 2-year-old plants, as well as the high i.e. low values of the analysed morphometric characters of individual half-sib lines, are a good base for the study and the adequate utilisation of the species genetic potential, in harmony with the basic principles of breeding and the enhancement of reproductive material quality.
Obedska bara and its effect on water regime in "Kupinske Grede"
Authors: Letic Ljubomir , Djekovic Vojislav , Mihajlovic Branislava
Published: September 2009

This paper deals with the effect of water regime of the protected area Obedska Bara on water regime of the forest ecosystem surrounded on three sides by pool-marsh ecosystem and on the fourth side by the river Sava. The research started in 2000 and is still underway, but we present only the period 2001-2005. The study results elucidate the very complex relationships of the water regimes of Obedska Bara and the river Sava, as well as their effect on the survival and development of the forest ecosystem of MU "Kupinske Grede", also the protected area under special form of protection.
Influence of consumption on pellets production in Austria
Authors: Vasiljevic Aleksandar , Glavonjic Branko
Published: September 2009

Results of the research on pellet production in Austria as well as the influence of consumption on the production are presented. In that sense, the functional relation between pellet production and pellet consumption obtained by modeling method has been given. The basic elements and trends on pellet market are shown and the summary of other factors influencing pellet production in Austria are explained. The choice of Austria as a market to carry out research is due to the fact that Austria is a leader in Europe in pellet production and consumption and its experiences could be significant for the formation of the market and energy policy in Serbia. This adds to the fact that pellet market, as well as the policy in the field of renewable sources of energy (including pellets), in Serbia are still at the very beginning.
Penetration of urea-formaldehyde adhesives in wood tissue, part I: Radial penetration of UF adhesives into beech
Authors: Gavrilovic-Grmusa Ivana , Miljkovic Jovan , Djiporovic-Momcilovic Milanka , Radosevic Gordana
Published: September 2009

Adhesive penetration plays an important role in wood adhesion, since wood is a porous material. The degree of penetration mostly depends on the wood factors, resin type and formulation and processing parameters. Tangentially cut 5 mm thick beech wood (Fagus moesiaca) plies, 100 mm long (parallel to grain) and 30 mm wide, were prepared for this study. The urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesive was applied to the surface of one ply. Two plies were assembled into sample so that the grains of two plies were parallel. Samples were pressed in a hydraulic press at 120?C and 0,7 MPa for 15 min. Microtome test-specimens were cut of each sample. 20 ?m thick microtomes were cut by sliding microtome apparatus, exposing a bondline with a cross-sectional surface. The lack of more exhausting research on the penetration of urea-formaldehyde adhesives in wood is evident. Since ureaformaldehyde (UF) glue resins were the most important type of adhesives in the wood industry in the last 60 years (Dunky, 2000), the objective of this research was microscopic detection of UF adhesive penetration in wood tissue. Four types of UF resins with different levels of polycondensation were used in this research. Safranin was added in resins, since epi-fluorescence microscope was used in this research for measuring the adhesive penetration.
Determining the degree of fireretardancy of plywood with thermogravimetry, part II: Poplar plywood
Authors: Gavrilovic-Grmusa Ivana , Miljkovic Jovan , Djiporovic-Momcilovic Milanka , Popovic Mladjan
Published: September 2009

In the aim to achieve fire-resistant plywood of different wood species, in this study, veneers have been impregnated with solutions of chosen fire retardants, which are diammonium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, sodium acetate, water glass, sodium tetraborate and boric acid. To determine the preliminary level of fire retardancy achieved in veneers before manufacturing of finished plywood, thermogravimetric (TG) and derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) methods are used. TG and DTG analyses of treated and untreated wood, as well as of fire retardants alone, were performed on a Perkin-Elmer TGS-2 thermogravimetric equipment. Fire resistance of plywood was tested in accordance with standard test for resistance to the effects of fire and the most efficient fire retardants, sodium tetraborate and boric acid had the same results as TG/DTG analyses, which points out the validity of TG methods in predicting success of fire retardants in future products.
Gremmeniella abietina (Lagerb.) Morelet: Distribution in Serbia and Montenegro, significance and control
Authors: Karadzic Dragan , Milanovic Slobodan
Published: September 2009

Fungus G. abietina is one of the most dangerous pathogenic fungi occurring in conifer plantations and Pinus species are especially at risk. Among pines, the most susceptible species is Austrian pine, and particularly endangered plantations are between 8 and 25 years of age. This fungus was found in Serbia and Montenegro on Austrian pine, Scots pine and spruce, but it was only in mountainous regions (Kopaonik, Vlasina, Goc, Durmitor). G. abietina forms both stages (anamorph and teleomorph) in its development. The imperfect form is far more significant for the infection process, i.e. the pycnidial stage and generally all infections are caused by conidia (pycnospores). Apothecia will be formed on the bark only two years after tree dying. In the severely infected plantations, all dead trees should be felled and removed, and the remaining trees should be treated with copper fungicides.
Distribution of Heterobasidion genets on a Norway spruce site: Case study in National park 'Kopaonik'
Authors: Keca Nenad
Published: September 2009

Heterobasidion annosum s.l. causes great economic loss in coniferous forests worldwide. Recent studies showed that three European Heterobasdion species are present in forest ecosystems in Serbia. Aim of this study was to find which Heterobasidion species are present in studied Norway spruce stand (National Park 'Kopaonik'), to identify Heterobasidion genets, and present distribution of genets.
Elaeagnus umbellata thunb. as the potential invasive species in Belgrade region
Authors: Skocajic Dragana , Grbic Mihailo , Tomicevic Jelena , Djunisijevic-Bojovic Danijela , Djukic Matilda
Published: September 2009

It is known that invasive plant species, as the species which most often spread and suppress the native species, form stable populations and become dominant firstly by occupying the sites of urban areas, and later on by continuing their invasion to the neighbouring suburban and rural areas. This paper presents the research of biological and ecological characters of Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb., one of the potential invasive species. The phenological observation of this species yield abundance and periodicity and the biometric analysis of fruits and seeds point to a high quality of its generative reproductive material. The analysis of seed dormancy of this species in our conditions, as the significant factor of the control of potential invasiveness, shows its double dormancy and its elimination requires combined chemical treatments and several months of stratification. The study of mechanisms of autumn olive dormancy breaking (overcoming the reproductive barrier) and seed dispersion (overcoming the dispersion barrier) is very significant for the forecast of further dispersion of this species.
Damage caused by red deer (Cervus elaphus) & wild boar (Sus scrofa) in forest hunting grounds in Serbia
Authors: Gacic Dragan , Danilovic Milorad
Published: September 2009

The systematic study and assessment of the damage by big game in forest hunting grounds in Serbia was infrequent, although the damage was evident. The objective of this paper is to identify the rates and types of damage by red deer and wild boar at three localities: (1) fenced part of the hunting ground 'Crni Lug' (Srem), (2) fenced part of the hunting ground 'Podunavsko Loviste Plavna' (Southwestern Backa), and (3) fenced rearing centre 'Lomnicka Reka' (Mt. Veliki Jastrebac). The damage was not recorded on locality (1). The damage on locality (2) (new polar plantations) and locality (3) (beech forests) was caused by red deer. The main causes of the damage were excessive density and disturbed population structure (sex and age), nonharmonised forest and hunting management, shortage of natural food, especially of pasture areas.
Penetration of urea formaldehyde adhesives in wood tissue, Part II: Radial penetration of UF adhesives into silver fir
Authors: Gavrilovic-Grmusa Ivana , Miljkovic Jovan , Djiporovic-Momcilovic Milanka , Radosevic Gordana
Published: September 2009

Penetration is the ability of the adhesive to move into the voids on the substrate surface or into the substrate itself. Wood's cellular nature allows significant penetration of the adhesive into the substrate. Objective of this work was the evaluation of the penetration and hence the distribution of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins by means of microscopic detection of the penetration of such UF adhesives into the wood tissue. Tangentially cut 5 mm thick silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) plies, 100 mm long (parallel to the grain) and 30 mm width, were prepared for this study. Four types of UF resins with different degree of condensation were investigated in this research. Safranin was added to the resins and epi-fluorescence microscope was used for measuring the adhesive penetration. The UF adhesive mixes, consisting of the various resins, extender and hardener were applied to the surface of one ply. Two plies, one with applied adhesive mix and one without adhesive mix, were assembled with parallel grain direction. Samples were pressed in a hydraulic press at 120?C and 1.0 MPa for 15 minutes. Test-specimens of 20 ?m thickness were cut of each sample using a sliding microtome apparatus, exposing a bondline on a cross-sectional surface. The results show a significant correlation between the penetration behaviour and the degree of condensation (molecular sizes, viscosity) of the resins. The higher the degree of condensation, the lower the possibility for penetration, expresses as average penetration (AP) and as portion of filled tracheids on the whole cross section of interphase (filled interphase region FIR).
Genesis and characteristics of the soil in A-R stage in forest ecosystems of NP 'Tara'
Authors: Knezevic Milan , Kosanin Olivera
Published: September 2009

Different types of soil in A-R stage formed on limestone and serpentinite in forest ecosystems in NP 'Tara' were researched. Based on the specific effect of limestone on the soil genesis and evolution, two types of calcareous limestone bedrocks were distinguished: dense limestones, and soft, marly limestones. Three subtypes of black earth were studied on dense limestones. They are: organogenic, organo-mineral and brownised soils. One soil type was researched on soft, marly limestones: rendzina, the leached variety. One soil type was researched on serpentinites, within the A-R stage: humus-siliceous soil (ranker), subtype eutric ranker. This paper also presents the evaluation of ecological and productive characteristics of the study soils. If the soil is observed separately, regardless of the tree species growing on it, the soils in A-R stage in NP 'Tara' cannot be evaluated as highly productive. However, in all plant communities on the soils in A-R stage on limestone, the values of average volume, current volume increment, and basal area were high. The unfavourable physical characteristics of the soil in the area of NP 'Tara' are compensated by the effect of humid climate. On the study eutric humus siliceous soils in the area of NP 'Tara', in the natural and artificially established stands of Scots pine and Austrian pine, the ecological and productive value is conditioned by numerous factors and it is mainly limited by unfavourable physical characteristics. Regardless of the unfavourable ecological and productive characteristics of the soil, the natural and artificially established stands of Scots pine and Austrian pine are in the coeno-ecological optimum.
Parasitic and saprophytic fungi on the species in the genus Paulownia
Authors: Milijasevic Tanja
Published: September 2009

The species in the genus Paulownia are distributed in Asia. In Serbia, the most represented species is P. tomentosa, widely used as an ornamental species in town green spaces. Other species - P. fortunei and P. elongata are also cultivated in forest plantations. The aim of this paper is to present the most frequent parasitic and saprophytic fungi on the species in the genus Paulownia and to point out their significance. Phyllactinia guttata, Ascochyta paulowniae and Phyllosticta paulowniae were described on the leaves and Diaporthe eres and Botryosphaeria obtusa were described on the bark.
Molecular markers applying in forest trees gene pool conservation
Authors: Milovanovic Jelena , Sijacic-Nikolic Mirjana
Published: September 2009

Many studies performed during the last years demonstrated the usefulness of neutral molecular markers in the field of conservation and population genetics of forest trees, in particular to understand the importance of migration patterns in shaping current genetic and geographic diversity and to measure important parameters such as effective population size, gene flow and past bottleneck. During the next years, a large amount of data at marker loci or at sequence level is expected to be collected, and to become excellent statistical power for the assessment of biological and evolutionary value.
Quality characteristics of spatial furniture
Authors: Skakic Dusan , Dzincic Igor
Published: September 2009

The quality of products represents one of the key aims of any modern organized production. In the production practice, it is essential to establish the optimal relationship between quality, production economy and delivery deadlines. Furniture quality is evaluated by three levels and they are: basic quality, high quality and especially high quality. The results presented in this paper are based on the sample measurements of chairs and tables during 2007 and 2008 at the Institute for Furniture Quality Control.
Half serpentine marking on forest roads by internal circular curve method
Authors: Stefanovic Bogdan
Published: September 2009

This paper presents a new method of half serpentine marking in constructing forest roads on the terrain itself. This method is based on surveying the elements needed for half serpentine marking on forest roads and on estimating other needed elements and their finished marking. By using this method construction errors are reduced as well as the number of attempts of half serpentine marking. In the way, the effects of half serpentine marking are increased compared to the ones reached by the method used so far.
Biometrics of Juvenile Ruffs (Philomachus pugnax) Migrating in Autumn Through the Puck Bay Region (N Poland)
Authors: Meissner Włodzimierz , Zięcik Piotr
Published: September 2009

Biometrics of Juvenile Ruffs (Philomachus pugnax) Migrating in Autumn Through the Puck Bay Region (N Poland)

Between 1983 and 2001, altogether 593 juvenile Ruffs were caught and measured during autumn migration in Puck Bay region. The wing length is the best predictor of sex in juvenile Ruffs. Relatively small differences between sexes in bill and nalospi length imply that males and females forage in a similar manner. However, longer legs in males allow them to forage in deeper water than females.

The comparison of biometrics of juvenile Ruffs caught in different regions indicates that Ruffs from western populations are larger than their conspecifics breeding farther to the east. Slight decrease of mean measurements within the season in juveniles trapped in Puck Bay suggests that Ruffs from more western breeding areas pass study area earlier followed by birds originating further east.

Body mass adjusted for the size increased significantly along the season in males and in females. Thus, similarly to some other juvenile waders, Ruffs that stopped in Puck Bay region migrated with small energetic reserves. However, later migrating birds of both sexes had larger energetic stores than earlier migrants, which could allow them to make longer nonstop flights.
The genetics of sporadic ruptured and unruptured intracranial aneurysms: a genetic meta-analysis of 8 genes and 13 polymorphisms in approximately 20,000 individuals
Authors: McColgan Peter , Thant Kyaw Zayar , Sharma Pankaj
Published: September 2009

Object

Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are thought to have a multifactorial origin. The authors undertook a comprehensive meta-analysis on all genes investigated using a case-control model in ruptured (subarachnoid hemorrhage) and unruptured aneurysms.

Methods

Electronic databases were searched until and including July 2008 for any candidate gene studied in IA or subarachnoid hemorrhage using a case-control model. The ORs and 95% CIs were determined for each gene-disease association using fixed and random effect models.

Results

Thirty studies of 8 genes and 13 polymorphisms were analyzed among 19,961 individuals (6622 cases and 13,339 controls). Two genes and 3 polymorphisms were associated with IA. The eNOS gene T786C polymorphism (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.0–1.54; p = 0.05) and IL-6 gene G572C polymorphism (OR 7.08, 95% CI 2.85–17.57; p < 0.0001) both showed a significant association with ruptured/unruptured IA. The IL-6/G174C polymorphism exerted a significant protective effect against IA (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.25–0.95; p = 0.04). The other candidate genes investigated (ACE, endoglin, APOE, elastin, MMP-3, and SERPINA3) showed no significant associations.

Conclusions

There is a likely genetic basis to sporadic IAs. However, the evidence base is small when compared against other complex disorders.
Latin American Journalism: A Review of Five Decades and a Proposal for a Model of Analysis
Authors: Mellado-Ruiz Claudia
Published: September 2009

Based on an historical analysis of the last five decades of research, this article analyzes the elements that define the journalism in Latin America. The work is based on the common social structures and the fact that journalism mediates in the construction of reality throughout the region, proposing a model that describes the individual, organizational and social aspects that have influenced the development of the profession. The results indicate that the educational problems linked to both the identity and the autonomy of the profession, the cultural value associated to professional practice, the existence and reach of the Teachers Associations, political and economic peculiarities, and the considerable influence exercised by Europe and the United States, are all aspects that make Latin American journalism different journalism in the rest of the world. Still, despite these similarities, neither a shared conceptualization nor a homologated operationalization of the profession exists in Latin America.

En base a un recorrido histórico de las últimas cinco décadas, este artículo analiza los elementos que hoy definen a la profesión periodística en Latinoamérica. El trabajo se sostiene en las estructuras sociales compartidas por la región, así como en la función de mediación que el periodismo cumple en la construcción de la realidad, proponiendo un modelo que describe los aspectos individuales, organizacionales y sociales que han influido en su desarrollo. Se concluye que los problemas de formación vinculados a la identidad y a la autonomía de la profesión, el valor cultural dado a la carrera profesional, la existencia y alcance de los colegios profesionales, las peculiaridades políticas y económicas, y la gran influencia extranjera ejercida por Europa y EEUU, son los aspectos que diferencian al periodismo latinoamericano del resto del mundo. Sin embargo, se plantea la inexistencia de una conceptualización y operacionalización homologada de la profesión en el sub-continente.
Understanding Cultural Convergence through Media Ecology
Authors: Islas Octavio
Published: September 2009

Before the Internet, the different media had specifically defined functions and markets. However, since the emergence of the Internet and digital communication, the same content can be found right across the media; this is known as cultural convergence. This media crossing anticipates the coming of new markets of cultural consumption. Based on media ecology, with specific reference to the thesis developed by Marshall McLuhan, Neil Postman, and Henry Jenkins, cultural convergence is studied as a complex communication environment. Cultural convergence modifies the operative procedures of media industries. However, the most significant changes can be found within the knowledge communities.

Antes de Internet cada medio de comunicación tenía funciones y mercados perfectamente definidos. Sin embargo, a consecuencia del formidable desarrollo de Internet y de las comunicaciones digitales, el mismo contenido hoy puede circular a través de distintos medios de comunicación. Esa es la convergencia cultural. El relato transmediático anticipa el advenimiento de nuevos mercados de consumo cultural. Con base en la ecología de medios y particularmente considerando las tesis de Marshall McLuhan, Neil Postman y Henry Jenkins, es analizada la convergencia cultural como complejo ambiente comunicativo. La convergencia cultural modifica los procedimientos de operación de las industrias mediáticas. Los cambios más significativos, sin embargo, se presentan en las comunidades de conocimiento.
Broadcast Yourself: Oxymoron or Media Mistake?
Authors: Fernández José Luis
Published: September 2009

This article analyses the possibility offered by the Internet to select radio content to build customized radios. Each internet user could select radio content, replacing the traditional radio stations that have always broadcasted. Previous results from our investigations are presented to allow us to compare the still-existing traditional radio to some of the offers on the Internet. Such a comparison will allow us to determine two different ways of listening to the radio on the Internet: the usual one, which allows the coexistence of listening and any parallel social practice (work, driving, etc.), and another one, appropriate to the internet, that adds visual attention to hearing. It is unavoidable to consider this as a loss compared to the visual independence that radio has always allowed.

En este trabajo se analiza el hecho de que Internet ofrezca la posibilidad de seleccionar los contenidos que construirían radios individualizadas. Cada usuario de la Red podría ahora seleccionar contenidos radiofónicos reemplazando a las emisoras de radio tradicionales que siempre han transmitido en modelo «broadcasting». Se exponen resultados previos de nuestras investigaciones que permiten comparar la radio todavía existente con algunas de las ofertas presentes en la Red. La comparación permite en las conclusiones establecer la presencia de dos procedimientos de escucha de radio en la Red: el habitual, que permite la coexistencia entre escucha y práctica social paralela (trabajo, conducción de automóviles, etc.) y el propio de Internet, frente en la web de la emisora, que obliga a la atención visual además de la sonora. Resulta inevitable considerar a este último como una pérdida, frente la independencia visual que la radio siempre ha permitido.
New Models of Communication, Profiles and Trends in Social Networks
Authors: Flores-Vivar Jesús Miguel
Published: September 2009

Social networks have become the banner of Web 2.0, which also hosts blogs, wikis and chats. There is a slight dividing line between a social network, a blog and a wiki. Talking about social networks means referring to the next stage of the Internet, as talking about blogs once did. Internet social networks have become an increasingly important phenomenon because some platforms are integrating blogs and wikis on a single interface. But we could ask what new types of communication and business lie beneath these networks; what professional profiles are needed for this new audience. Should media create the networks, or just adapt to the new environments, whence a new journalism based on participation emerges? This paper tries to answer these and other questions.

Las redes sociales en línea se han convertido en el estandarte de la Web 2.0, entorno que también aglutina a los blogs, wikis y chats. Existe una fina división entre una red social, un blog y un wiki. Hablar de redes sociales es referirnos al siguiente estadio de Internet, como en su momento fueron los blogs. Se han constituido en un fenómeno de masas cada vez más importante tanto así que ya algunas están integrando plataformas de blogs y wikis en una sola interfaz. Pero, ¿qué nuevas formas de comunicación y de negocio subyacen en las redes?, ¿qué perfiles profesionales se necesitan para esta nueva audiencia?, ¿deben los medios crear redes o adaptarse a los nuevos entornos de donde emerge un nuevo periodismo basado en la participación? El presente artículo intenta responder a estas y otras variables.
Radio Edu-webs: Spanish Experiences of Media Education
Authors: Perona-Páez Juan José
Published: September 2009

The possibilities offered by Internet, but especially its interactive potential, have helped to the emergence of real on-line audiovisual platforms whose fundamental aim is media education. This article analyzes the edu-webs that have arisen in Spain within the field of radio communication, and points out their benefits at the different levels of education. Furthermore, this text revises the different educational modalities of a medium which, in the digital age, enriches its offer with complementary multimedia spaces and incorporates the necessary tools for a constant sender-receiver interaction that neutralizes the sequential character, the fleetingness and the vertical position of analogue broadcasting.

Las posibilidades que brinda Internet, pero muy especialmente su potencial interactivo, están favoreciendo la emergencia de auténticas plataformas audiovisuales en línea cuyo objetivo fundamental es la educación en medios. Este artículo analiza las edu-webs surgidas en España en el terreno de la comunicación radiofónica y apunta sus beneficios en los distintos niveles de enseñanza. Además, el texto revisa las diferentes modalidades educativas de un medio que, en plena era digital, enriquece su oferta con espacios multimedia complementarios e incorpora herramientas que posibilitan una constante interacción emisor-receptor que neutraliza el carácter secuencial, la fugacidad y la verticalidad propia de la radiodifusión analógica.
A structured model for the simulation of bioreactors under transient conditions
Authors: Morchain Jérôme , Fonade Christian
Published: September 2009

Modeling the transient behavior of continuous culture is of primary importance for the scale‐up of biological processes. Spatial heterogeneities increase with the reactor size and micro‐organisms have to cope with a fluctuating environment along their trajectories within the bioreactor. In this article, a structured model for bioreactions expressed in terms of biological extensive variables is proposed. A biological variable is introduced to calculate the growth rate of the population. The value is updated on the basis of the difference between the composition in the liquid and biotic phase. The structured model is able to predict the transient behavior of different continuous cultures subject to various drastic perturbations. This performance is obtained with a minimum increase in the standard unstructured model complexity (one additional time constant). In the final part, the consequences of decoupling the growth rate from the substrate uptake rate are discussed. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
A time‐dependent multiphysics, multiphase modeling framework for carbon nanotube synthesis using chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Hosseini Mahmoud Reza , Jalili Nader , Bruce David A.
Published: September 2009

A time‐dependent multiphysics, multiphase model is proposed and fully developed here to describe carbon nanotubes (CNTs) fabrication using chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The fully integrated model accounts for chemical reaction as well as fluid, heat, and mass transport phenomena. The feed components for the CVD process are methane (CH4), as the primary carbon source, and hydrogen (H2). Numerous simulations are performed for a wide range of fabrication temperatures (973.15–1273.15 K) as well as different CH4 (500–1000 sccm) and H2 (250–750 sccm) flow rates. The effect of temperature, total flow rate, and feed mixture ratio on CNTs growth rate as well as the effect of amorphous carbon formation on the final product are calculated and compared with experimental results. The outcomes from this study provide a fundamental understanding and basis for the design of an efficient CNT fabrication process that is capable of producing a high yield of CNTs, with a minimum amount of amorphous carbon. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
A Bayesian approach for control loop diagnosis with missing data
Authors: Qi Fei , Huang Biao , Tamayo Edgar C.
Published: September 2009

This article is concerned with determination of the underlying source of problematic control performance through a data‐driven Bayesian approach. This approach synthesizes information from different monitoring algorithms to isolate possible problem sources. A main issue encountered in the application of the data‐driven approach is the problem of missing data or missing monitor reading. By introducing the concept of missing pattern, data missing problems are classified into single and multi missing patterns. A novel method based on marginalization over underlying complete evidence matrix is proposed to circumvent missing data problems. Performance of the proposed Bayesian approach is examined through simulations as well as an industrial application example to verify its ability of information synthesis. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Exploration of human serum albumin binding sites by docking and molecular dynamics flexible ligand–protein interactions
Authors: Deeb Omar , Rosales‐Hernández Martha Cecilia , Gómez‐Castro Carlos , Garduño‐Juárez Ramón , Correa‐Basurto José
Published: September 2009

Five‐nanosecond molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed on human serum albumin (HSA) to study the conformational features of its primary ligand binding sites (I and II). Additionally, 11 HSA snapshots were extracted every 0.5 ns to explore the binding affinity (Kd) of 94 known HSA binding drugs using a blind docking procedure. MD simulations indicate that there is considerable flexibility for the protein, including the known sites I and II. Movements at HSA sites I and II were evidenced by structural analyses and docking simulations. The latter enabled the study and analysis of the HSA–ligand interactions of warfarin and ketoprofen (ligands binding to sites I and II, respectively) in greater detail. Our results indicate that the free energy values by docking (Kd observed) depend upon the conformations of both HSA and the ligand. The 94 HSA–ligand binding Kd values, obtained by the docking procedure, were subjected to a quantitative structure‐activity relationship (QSAR) study by multiple regression analysis. The best correlation between the observed and QSAR theoretical (Kd predicted) data was displayed at 2.5 ns. This study provides evidence that HSA binding sites I and II interact specifically with a variety of compounds through conformational adjustments of the protein structure in conjunction with ligand conformational adaptation to these sites. These results serve to explain the high ligand‐promiscuity of HSA. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 93: 161–170, 2010.

This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Treating criminal offenders in correctional contexts: identifying interests and distributing responsibilities
Authors: Schopp Robert F.
Published: September 2009

In Panetti v. Quarterman, three professional associations advocated commutation of capital sentences for offenders who are incompetent to face execution. Some judicial opinions deny that convicted offenders have any protected interest in avoiding a legally imposed sentence, and other opinions have found that the Eighth Amendment requires treatment for prisoners with serious mental health needs. This article examines some circumstances in which health care providers in the context of criminal punishment encounter apparent conflicts among the treatment interests of the individuals, the comprehensive interests of these individuals, legally protected interests, and the public interest. This analysis pursues clarification of these interests and of potential tensions among legal and professional obligations of health care providers. This article does not provide comprehensive resolution of this tension. Rather, it is intended to promote rigorous ongoing inquiry by clarifying the relevant interests at stake and the responsibilities of various participants in the complex interaction of health care and corrections. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Competency courts: a creative solution for restoring competency to the competency process
Authors: Finkle Michael J. , Kurth Russell , Cadle Christopher , Mullan Jessica
Published: September 2009

It is well accepted that jail is a poor setting for treating the acutely mentally ill, yet the number of mentally ill persons in jail has increased such that Los Angeles County Jail and Riker's Island in New York house more mentally ill than any psychiatric hospital. The number of mentally ill persons charged with a crime whose competency to stand trial is in question has also increased dramatically. Inefficiencies within the competency process result in mentally ill persons charged with crimes remaining in jail longer than necessary. One solution is “competency court”, a specialty court within a mental health court. The same judges, attorneys, and mental health professionals staff both courts. By combining their Mental Health Court experience, they can work with the mentally ill using their expertise in competency law and processes, and thereby improve the competency process and reduce the unnecessary time that mentally ill persons spend in jail. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An economic comparison of different fermentation configurations to convert corn stover to ethanol using Z. mobilis and Saccharomyces
Authors: Dutta Abhijit , Dowe Nancy , Ibsen Kelly N. , Schell Daniel J. , Aden Andy
Published: September 2009

Numerous routes are being explored to lower the cost of cellulosic ethanol production and enable large‐scale production. One critical area is the development of robust cofermentative organisms to convert the multiple, mixed sugars found in biomass feedstocks to ethanol at high yields and titers without the need for processing to remove inhibitors. Until such microorganisms are commercialized, the challenge is to design processes that exploit the current microorganisms' strengths. This study explored various process configurations tailored to take advantage of the specific capabilities of three microorganisms, Z. mobilis 8b, S. cerevisiae, and S. pastorianus. A technoeconomic study, based on bench‐scale experimental data generated by integrated process testing, was completed to understand the resulting costs of the different process configurations. The configurations included whole slurry fermentation with a coculture, and separate cellulose simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) and xylose fermentations with none, some or all of the water to the SSF replaced with the fermented liquor from the xylose fermentation. The difference between the highest and lowest ethanol cost for the different experimental process configurations studied was $0.27 per gallon ethanol. Separate fermentation of solid and liquor streams with recycle of fermented liquor to dilute the solids gave the lowest ethanol cost, primarily because this option achieved the highest concentrations of ethanol after fermentation. Further studies, using methods similar to ones employed here, can help understand and improve the performance and hence the economics of integrated processes involving enzymes and fermentative microorganisms. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Centrifugal seeding of mammalian cells in nonwoven fibrous matrices
Authors: Ng Robin , Gurm Jesse Singh , Yang Shang‐Tian
Published: September 2009

Three‐dimensional (3D) cell cultures have many advantages over two‐dimensional cultures. However, seeding cells in 3D scaffolds such as nonwoven fibrous polyethylene terephthalate (PET) matrices has been a challenge task in tissue engineering and cell culture bioprocessing. In this study, a centrifugal seeding method was investigated to improve the cell seeding efficiency in PET matrices with two different porosities (93% and 88%). Both the centrifugal force and centrifugation time were found to affect the seeding efficiency. With an appropriate centrifugation speed, a high 80−90% cell seeding efficiency was achieved and the time to reach this high seeding efficiency was less than 5 min. The seeding efficiency was similar for matrices with different porosities, although the optimal seeding time was significantly shorter for the low‐porosity scaffold. Post seeding cell viability was demonstrated by culturing colon cancer cells seeded in PET matrices for over 5 days. The centrifugal seeding method developed in this work can be used to efficiently and uniformly seed small fibrous scaffolds for applications in 3D cell‐based assays for high‐throughput screening. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010