bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insight into the role of intermolecular interactions on the enhanced solubility of fluorinated epoxide oligomers in supercritical CO2
Authors: Zhou Gai-Gai , Chen Jian-Gang , Wang Ming-Xi , Zhang Min , Guo Jin-Long , Shen Shukun , Liu Zhao-Tie , Liu Zhong-Wen , Jiang Jinqiang , Lu Jian
Published: July 2015

The key role of the intermolecular interactions on the enhanced solubility of fluorinated epoxide oligomers in scCO2 was systematically determined.
Specific immobilization ofd-amino acid oxidase on hematin-functionalized support mimicking multi-enzyme catalysis
Authors: Sun Jian , Du Kun , Song Xiaoqiang , Gao Qian , Wu Hao , Ma Jingjing , Ji Peijun , Feng Wei
Published: July 2015

Specifically immobilized enzyme and hematin sequentially catalyze the conversion ofd-alanine and the decomposition of the generated hydrogen peroxide.
B(C6F5)3-catalyzed methylation of amines using CO2 as a C1 building block
Authors: Yang Zhenzhen , Yu Bo , Zhang Hongye , Zhao Yanfei , Ji Guipeng , Ma Zhishuang , Gao Xiang , Liu Zhimin
Published: July 2015

B(C6F5)3 was proven to be an efficient metal-free catalyst for the methylation of amines using CO2 as a C1 building block in the presence of hydrosilanes under easy-handling conditions.
High pressure microwave-assisted flow digestion system using a large volume reactor-feasibility for further analysis by inductively coupled plasma-based techniques
Authors: Linhares Marques Thiago , Wiltsche Helmar , Motter Herbert , Nóbrega Joaquim Araújo , Knapp Günter
Published: July 2015

Food and biological samples were digested automatically in a high pressure (40 bar) flow digestion system with a large volume reactor (13.5 mL heated volume).
Bi-content micro-collagen chip provides contractility-based biomechanical readout for phenotypic drug screening with expanded and profiled targets
Authors: Zhao Hui , Zhou Lyu , Zhang Qiang , Zhou Xiaoying , Zhang Yonghui , Chen Huijun , Du Yanan
Published: July 2015

Label-free biomechanical readout for high-throughput phenotypic drug screening is achieved on bi-Content Contractility-based micro-Collagen Chip (3CChip).
Dioxidomolybdenum(vi) complexes with isoniazid-related hydrazones: solution-based, mechanochemical and UV-light assisted deprotonation
Authors: Vrdoljak Višnja , Prugovečki Biserka , Pulić Ivana , Cigler Marko , Sviben Dora , Parlov Vuković Jelena , Novak Predrag , Matković-Čalogović Dubravka , Cindrić Marina
Published: July 2015

Deprotonation of the mononuclear aroylhydrazonato complexes [MoO2(HLR)(MeOH)]Cl was performed by different methods.
Structural characterisation of printable noble metal/poly(vinyl-alcohol) nanocomposites for optical applications
Authors: Hourd A. C. , Baker R. T. , Abdolvand A.
Published: July 2015

Optically active nanocomposite films of Au or Ag nanoparticles dispersed in a PVA matrix were prepared by printing a two-component precursor and heat treating the printed layer.
Correction: Biofunction-assisted aptasensors based on ligand-dependent 3′ processing of a suppressor tRNA in a wheat germ extract
Authors: Ogawa Atsushi , Tabuchi Junichiro
Published: July 2015

Correction for ‘Biofunction-assisted aptasensors based on ligand-dependent 3′ processing of a suppressor tRNA in a wheat germ extract’ by Atsushi Ogawa et al., Org. Biomol. Chem., 2015, 13, 6681–6685.
Extrinsic plasmalogens suppress neuronal apoptosis in mouse neuroblastoma Neuro-2A cells: importance of plasmalogen molecular species
Authors: Yamashita Shinji , Kanno Susumu , Nakagawa Kiyotaka , Kinoshita Mikio , Miyazawa Teruo
Published: July 2015

Plasmalogen, especially those having 22:6, suppressed neuronal apoptosisviadeath receptor and mitochondrial pathways. These mechanisms of action of plasmalogen may be responsible for regulation of membrane functions and second messenger production.
LnIII ion dependent magnetism in heterometallic Cu–Ln complexes based on an azido group and 1,2,3-triazole-4,5-dicarboxylate as co-ligands
Authors: Jiang Xue , Han Song-De , Zhao Ran , Xu Jian , Bu Xian-He
Published: July 2015

Four Cu–Ln coordination polymers [Cu2Ln(tda)2N3(H2O)4·2H2O] (Ln = Gd (1), Tb (2), Dy (3), Sm (4), tda = 1,2,3-triazole-4,5-dicarboxylate) have been synthesized by employing H3tda and azido as co-ligands.
Supramolecular self-assembly of novel thermo-responsive double-hydrophilic and hydrophobic Y-shaped [MPEO-b-PEtOx-b-(PCL)2] terpolymers
Authors: Petrova S. , Venturini C. G. , Jäger A. , Jäger E. , Hrubý M. , Pavlova E. , Štěpánek P.
Published: July 2015

Nonlinear amphiphilic block copolymer architectures with precisely controlled structures bring new challenges to biomedical materials research.
Synthesis and spectral properties of double D–π–A mono-cyanines as well as preparation of near infrared silicon-based materials
Authors: Wang Shu , Zhang Xiufu , Zhang Jianghua , Bi Weibin , Wang Lanying
Published: July 2015

Three kinds of new double D–π–A mono-cyanines were synthesized for the surface modification of monocrystalline silicon. The prepared materials had a strong surface photovoltage response in the range 900–1250 nm.
Plasma functionalization and etching for enhancing metal adhesion onto polymeric substrates
Authors: Lambaré C. , Tessier P.-Y. , Poncin-Epaillard F. , Debarnot D.
Published: July 2015

The metallization of plastics materials, dealing with a lot of industrial applications in the field of automotive, electronic, etc.…, is generally performed by a chemical and/or electrochemical process not so ecofriendly.
Colorimetric detection of Al(iii) in vermicelli samples based on ionic liquid group coated gold nanoparticles
Authors: Chen Wenwen , Jia Yuexiao , Feng Yan , Zheng Wenshu , Wang Zhuo , Jiang Xingyu
Published: July 2015

We synthesized ionic liquid group coated gold nanoparticles and used them in determining the concentrations of aluminum in vermicelli samples.
Bioactive prodigiosin-impregnated cellulose matrix for the removal of pathogenic bacteria from aqueous solution
Authors: Arivizhivendhan K. V. , Boopathy R. , Maharaja P. , Regina Mary R. , Sekaran G.
Published: July 2015

The prodigiosin impregnated column reactor (PICCR) was developed for the removal of pathogenic bacteria from water/wastewater. The impregnation of prodigiosin on cellulose matrix significantly improved the activity and stability.
Hollow fiber concentrator for water quality monitoring: role of surfactant based elution fluids
Authors: Dasgupta Saumyadeb , Chavali Ravi , Kumar Gunda Naga Siva , Mitra Sushanta K.
Published: July 2015

Simple and efficient concentrators are indispensable to the development of portable biosensor based detection platforms for the determination of microbial contamination in water.
[(Y1−xGdx)0.95Eu0.05]2(OH)5NO3·nH2O (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.50) layered rare-earth hydroxides: exfoliation of unilamellar and single-crystalline nanosheets, assembly of highly oriented and transparent oxide films, and greatly enhanced red photoluminescence by Gd3+ doping
Authors: Zhu Qi , Li Ji-Guang , Li Xiaodong , Qi Yang , Sun Xudong
Published: July 2015

Tens of micron-sized unilamellar LRH nanosheets have been successfully exfoliated for assembling oriented phosphor films of high transparency.
Expanded graphite/phenolic resin-based carbon composite adsorbents for post-combustion CO2 capture
Authors: Jin Yonggang , Huynh Chi P. , Hawkins Stephen C. , Su Shi
Published: July 2015

Incorporating a small proportion of expanded graphite dramatically improves microporosity and CO2 uptake of phenolic resin-derived activated carbons.
Atmospheric-pressure microplasma as anode for rapid and simple electrochemical deposition of copper and cuprous oxide nanostructures
Authors: Lu Yuexiang , Ren Zhonghua , Yuan Hang , Wang Zhe , Yu Bo , Chen Jing
Published: July 2015

Atmospheric-pressure microplasma could be applied as gaseous anode for transferring positive charges and controllably electrodepositing Cu and Cu2O nanocrystals.
Magnetically guided chemical locomotion of self-propelling paperbots
Authors: Singh Amit Kumar , Mandal Tapas Kumar , Bandyopadhyay Dipankar
Published: July 2015

Magneto-catalytic paperbots employing nanoparticle-coated waste papers in which the magnetic control is infused by a coating of printer ink.
Acid–base and coordination properties of 2-phenyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolones in aqueous media
Authors: Jiménez-Sánchez Arturo , Yatsimirsky Anatoly K.
Published: July 2015

2-Phenyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolones bind metal ions with selective fluorescence response in aqueous media.
Rhodium-catalyzed hydroaminomethylation of cyclopentadiene
Authors: Behr Arno , Levikov Denys , Nürenberg Edward
Published: July 2015

The substance class of amines is highly relevant for chemical and pharmaceutical industries. A one-step rhodium catalyzed direct route from cyclopentadiene to saturated C6-amines is presented via hydroaminomethylation.
Non-corrosive green lubricants: strengthened lignin–[choline][amino acid] ionic liquids interaction via reciprocal hydrogen bonding
Authors: Mu Liwen , Shi Yijun , Guo Xiaojing , Ji Tuo , Chen Long , Yuan Ruixia , Brisbin Logan , Wang Huaiyuan , Zhu Jiahua
Published: July 2015

Lignin and [choline][amino acid] ionic liquids with reciprocal hydrogen bonding in between have been demonstrated to be excellent non-corrosive green lubricants in boundary lubrication applications.
Analysis of the catalytic activity induction and deactivation of PtIn/Mg(Al)O catalysts for propane dehydrogenation reaction
Authors: Xia Ke , Lang Wan-Zhong , Li Pei-Pei , Yan Xi , Guo Ya-Jun
Published: July 2015

The catalytic activity induction and deactivation of PtIn/Mg(Al)O catalysts for propane dehydrogenation reaction are experimentally verified.
Influence of transition metals (M = Co, Fe and Mn) on ordered mesoporous CuM/CeO2 catalysts and applications in selective catalytic reduction of NOx with H2
Authors: Wang Xiuyun , Wen Wu , Su Yanqing , Wang Ruihu
Published: July 2015

Ordered mesoporous Cu/CeO2 and CuM/CeO2 (M = Co, Fe and Mn) may serve as promising catalysts for selective catalytic reduction of NOx.
Synthesis and characterization of a novel, ditopic, reversible and highly selective, “Turn-On” fluorescent chemosensor for Al3+ ion
Authors: Hossain Sayed Muktar , Lakma Avinash , Pradhan Rabindra Nath , Chakraborty Ayon , Biswas Ashis , Singh Akhilesh Kumar
Published: July 2015

A ditopic Schiff base fluorescent chemosensor, L (OFF state), selectively senses Al3+ by inhibition of ESIPT/GSIPT, CN isomerization and CHEF (ON state).
Synthesis and electrochemical investigation of novel phosphite based layered cathodes for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Hameed A. Shahul , Reddy M. V. , Sarkar Nirjhar , Chowdari B. V. R. , Vittal Jagadese J.
Published: July 2015

Reversible lithium storage has been demonstrated in novel phosphite containing cathode materials, A2[(VO)2(HPO3)2(C2O4)]; A = Li, Na and K.
Pd-catalyzed isocyanide insertion/nucleophilic attack by indole C-3/desulfonylation in the same pot: a direct access to indoloquinolines of pharmacological interest
Authors: Prasad Bagineni , Nallapati Suresh Babu , Kolli Sunder Kumar , Sharma Atul Kumar , Yellanki Swapna , Medisetti Raghavender , Kulkarni Pushkar , Sripelly S. , Mukkanti K. , Pal Manojit
Published: July 2015

A Pd-catalyzed new cascade reaction furnished indoloquinolin based small molecules as potential cytotoxic agents.
Pd-η3-C6H9 complexes of the Trost modular ligand: high nuclearity columnar aggregation controlled by concentration, solvent and counterion
Authors: Racys Daugirdas Tomas , Eastoe Julian , Norrby Per-Ola , Grillo Isabelle , Rogers Sarah E. , Lloyd-Jones Guy C.
Published: July 2015

Pd-η3-C6H9 cations bearing the Trost ligand (2) undergo two-stage oligomerisation-aggregation to form high nuclearity aggregates (up to 56 Pd centres), with aggregation strongly modulated by concentration, solvent and counter-anion.
Constructing the optimal conductive network in MnO-based nanohybrids as high-rate and long-life anode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Liu Dai-Huo , Lü Hong-Yan , Wu Xing-Long , Hou Bao-Hua , Wan Fang , Bao Sheng-Da , Yan Qingyu , Xie Hai-Ming , Wang Rong-Shun
Published: July 2015

The electronically conductive networks in the MnO-based anode of lithium ion batteries have been optimized by employing different carbonaceous materials as building blocks.
Carbon quantum dot coated Mn3O4 with enhanced performances for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Jing Mingjun , Wang Jufeng , Hou Hongshuai , Yang Yingchang , Zhang Yan , Pan Chengchi , Chen Jun , Zhu Yirong , Ji Xiaobo
Published: July 2015

A C quantum dot coated Mn3O4 composite (Mn3O4/Cdots) has been obtained for the first time by a green alternating voltage electrochemical approach.
Photo-oxidative PIM-1 based mixed matrix membranes with superior gas separation performance
Authors: Hao Lin , Liao Kuo-Sung , Chung Tai-Shung
Published: July 2015

Photo-oxidative PIM-1 incorporated with ZIF-71 form well-dispersed mixed-matrix membranes with enhanced gas transport properties. These membranes have impressive separation performance for CO2/CH4 and O2/N2.
MnO2 nanoflake/polyaniline nanorod hybrid nanostructures on graphene paper for high-performance flexible supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Li Huailong , He Ying , Pavlinek Vladimir , Cheng Qilin , Saha Petr , Li Chunzhong
Published: July 2015

A facile two-step strategy is adopted to construct a free-standing composite paper of MnO2 nanoflake/polyaniline (PANI) nanorod hybrid nanostructures on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) for flexible supercapacitor electrode application.
Inflammatory cytokine COX-2 mediated cell proliferation through increasing cyclin D1 expression induced by inorganic arsenic in SV-HUC-1 human uroepithelial cells
Authors: Fei Wang , Chen Wang , Shengnan Liu , Huihui Wang , Shuhua Xi , Guifan Sun
Published: July 2015

Inorganic arsenic promotes SV-HUC-1 cells proliferation.
Role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in health and disease
Authors: Yeung Amanda W.S. , Terentis Andrew C. , King Nicholas J.C. , Thomas Shane R.
Published: July 2015

IDO1 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1) is a member of a unique class of mammalian haem dioxygenases that catalyse the oxidative catabolism of the least-abundant essential amino acid, L-Trp (L-tryptophan), along the kynurenine pathway. Significant increases in knowledge have been recently gained with respect to understanding the fundamental biochemistry of IDO1 including its catalytic reaction mechanism, the scope of enzyme reactions it catalyses, the biochemical mechanisms controlling IDO1 expression and enzyme activity, and the discovery of enzyme inhibitors. Major advances in understanding the roles of IDO1 in physiology and disease have also been realised. IDO1 is recognised as a prominent immune regulatory enzyme capable of modulating immune cell activation status and phenotype via several molecular mechanisms including enzyme-dependent deprivation of L-Trp and its conversion into the aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand kynurenine and other bioactive kynurenine pathway metabolites, or non-enzymatic cell signalling actions involving tyrosine phosphorylation of IDO1. Through these different modes of biochemical signalling, IDO1 regulates certain physiological functions (e.g. pregnancy) and modulates the pathogenesis and severity of diverse conditions including chronic inflammation, infectious disease, allergic and autoimmune disorders, transplantation, neuropathology and cancer. In the present review, we detail the current understanding of IDO1’s catalytic actions and the biochemical mechanisms regulating IDO1 expression and activity. We also discuss the biological functions of IDO1 with a focus on the enzyme's immune-modulatory function, its medical implications in diverse pathological settings and its utility as a therapeutic target.
Regulation of skeletal muscle mitochondrial function by nuclear receptors: implications for health and disease
Authors: Perez-Schindler Joaquin , Philp Andrew
Published: July 2015

Skeletal muscle metabolism is highly dependent on mitochondrial function, with impaired mitochondrial biogenesis associated with the development of metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Mitochondria display substantial plasticity in skeletal muscle, and are highly sensitive to levels of physical activity. It is thought that physical activity promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle through increased expression of genes encoded in both the nuclear and the mitochondrial genome; however, how this process is co-ordinated at the cellular level is poorly understood. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are key signalling proteins capable of integrating environmental factors and mitochondrial function, thereby providing a potential link between exercise and mitochondrial biogenesis. The aim of this review is to highlight the function of NRs in skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and discuss the therapeutic potential of NRs for the management and treatment of chronic metabolic disease.
Artificial immune system optimisation of complete bandgap of bidimensional anisotropic photonic crystals
Authors: Dourado Sisnando Anderson , da França Vieira Luana , Rodriguez Esquerre Vitaly Felix , Simões Silva Fabrício G.
Published: July 2015

The artificial immune system (AIS) and the finite element method (FEM) have been used to solve the inverse problem involving the search and the optimisation of the complete photonic bandgap (PBG) of photonic crystal structures with two dimensions periodicity. Triangular lattices composed of silicon (isotropic material) and air and square and triangular lattices composed of tellurium (anisotropic material) and air, have been considered for the validation and analysis of this study, respectively. The PBGs were calculated along the edges of the first Brillouin zone to reduce the high computational effort for this kind of problem. Absolute midgap ratio PBGs of 17.14 and 24.41% have been obtained, for the square and triangular lattices, between the transversal electric TE12 and the transversal magnetic TM34 modes with anisotropic materials, respectively, and 18% for the triangular lattice, between the TE12 and the TM23 modes with isotropic materials.
Offline tuning of dynamic settings considering an online central controller in a wind energy harvesting network
Authors: Sáiz‐Marín Elena , Cuffe Paul , Keane Andrew , Lobato Enrique , Egido Ignacio
Published: July 2015

This study aims to define an online reactive power control scheme for a wind energy harvesting network such that it regulates the voltage at the transmission level in a manner comparable to a conventional synchronous plant and hence could be integrated in an existing transmission network hierarchical voltage control scheme. For that purpose, all decentralised elements within the network (wind farms and on load tap changing (OLTC) transformers) should be coordinated. In that sense, a central controller needs to be implemented. Unwanted controller interactions may then arise as the various decentralised controllers dynamically respond to the changing set‐points received from a central controller. To mitigate these interactions, this study proposes a novel offline optimisation approach for tuning the dynamic settings (i.e. settings that affect the central controller temporal evolution such as time constant, time delays or dead bands). These settings ensure that the centrally determined set‐points can actually be achieved in practice, and unlocking such performance is the principle research contribution of the present study.
Positive selection on D‐lactate dehydrogenases of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subspecies bulgaricus
Authors: Zhang Jifeng , Gong Guangyu , Wang Xiao , Zhang Hao , Tian Weidong
Published: July 2015

Lactobacillus delbrueckii has been widely used for yogurt fermentation. It has genes encoding both D‐ and L‐type lactate dehydrogenases (LDHs) that catalyse the production of L(+) or D(−) stereoisomer of lactic acid. D‐lactic acid is the primary lactate product by L. delbrueckii, yet it cannot be metabolised by human intestine. Since it has been domesticated for long time, an interesting question arises regarding to whether the selection pressure has affected the evolution of both L‐LDH and D‐LDH genes in the genome. To answer this question, in this study the authors first investigated the evolution of these two genes by constructing phylogenetic trees. They found that D‐LDH‐based phylogenetic tree could better represent the phylogenetic relationship in the acidophilus complex than L‐LDH‐based tree. They next investigated the evolutions of LDH genes of L. delbrueckii at amino acid level, and found that D‐LDH gene in L. delbrueckii is positively selected, possibly a consequence of long‐term domestication. They further identified four amino acids that are under positive selection. One of them, V261, is located at the centre of three catalytic active sites, indicating likely functional effects on the enzyme activity. The selection from the domestication process thus provides direction for future engineering of D‐LDH.
Controlling sound transmission with density-near-zero acoustic membrane network
Authors: Gu Yuan , Cheng Ying , Wang Jingshi , Liu Xiaojun
Published: July 2015

We demonstrate a design of two-dimensional density-near-zero (DNZ) membrane structure to control sound transmission. The membrane structure is theoretically modeled as a network of inductors and capacitors, and the retrieved effective mass density is confirmed to be close to zero at the resonance frequency. This scheme proposes a convenient way to construct the unit cell for achieving DNZ at the designed frequency. Further simulations clearly demonstrate that the membrane-network has the ability to control sound transmission such as achieving cloaking, high transmission through sharp corners, and high-efficient wave splitting. Different from the phononic-crystal-based DNZ materials, the compact DNZ membrane-network is in deep subwavelength scale and provides a strong candidate for acoustic functional devices.
Electronic chemical response indexes at finite temperature in the canonical ensemble
Authors: Franco-Pérez Marco , Gázquez José L. , Vela Alberto
Published: July 2015

Assuming that the electronic energy is given by a smooth function of the number of electrons and within the extension of density functional theory to finite temperature, the first and second order chemical reactivity response functions of the Helmholtz free energy with respect to the temperature, the number of electrons, and the external potential are derived. It is found that in all cases related to the first or second derivatives with respect to the number of electrons or the external potential, there is a term given by the average of the corresponding derivative of the electronic energy of each state (ground and excited). For the second derivatives, including those related with the temperature, there is a thermal fluctuation contribution that is zero at zero temperature. Thus, all expressions reduce correctly to their corresponding chemical reactivity expressions at zero temperature and show that, at room temperature, the corrections are very small. When the assumption that the electronic energy is given by a smooth function of the number of electrons is replaced by the straight lines behavior connecting integer values, as required by the ensemble theorem, one needs to introduce directional derivatives in most cases, so that the temperature dependent expressions reduce correctly to their zero temperature counterparts. However, the main result holds, namely, at finite temperature the thermal corrections to the chemical reactivity response functions are very small. Consequently, the present work validates the usage of reactivity indexes calculated at zero temperature to infer chemical behavior at room and even higher temperatures.
Fast, accurate evaluation of exact exchange: The occ-RI-K algorithm
Authors: Manzer Samuel , Horn Paul R. , Mardirossian Narbe , Head-Gordon Martin
Published: July 2015

Construction of the exact exchange matrix, K, is typically the rate-determining step in hybrid density functional theory, and therefore, new approaches with increased efficiency are highly desirable. We present a framework with potential for greatly improved efficiency by computing a compressed exchange matrix that yields the exact exchange energy, gradient, and direct inversion of the iterative subspace (DIIS) error vector. The compressed exchange matrix is constructed with one index in the compact molecular orbital basis and the other index in the full atomic orbital basis. To illustrate the advantages, we present a practical algorithm that uses this framework in conjunction with the resolution of the identity (RI) approximation. We demonstrate that convergence using this method, referred to hereafter as occupied orbital RI-K (occ-RI-K), in combination with the DIIS algorithm is well-behaved, that the accuracy of computed energetics is excellent (identical to conventional RI-K), and that significant speedups can be obtained over existing integral-direct and RI-K methods. For a 4400 basis function C68H22 hydrogen-terminated graphene fragment, our algorithm yields a 14 × speedup over the conventional algorithm and a speedup of 3.3 × over RI-K.
Crossed-beam experiment for the scattering of low- and intermediate-energy electrons from BF3: A comparative study with XF3 (X = C, N, and CH) molecules
Authors: Hoshino M. , Limão-Vieira P. , Suga A. , Kato H. , Ferreira da Silva F. , Blanco F. , García G. , Tanaka H.
Published: July 2015

Absolute differential cross sections (DCSs) for electron interaction with BF3 molecules have been measured in the impact energy range of 1.5–200 eV and recorded over a scattering angle range of 15°–150°. These angular distributions have been normalized by reference to the elastic DCSs of the He atom and integrated by employing a modified phase shift analysis procedure to generate integral cross sections (ICSs) and momentum transfer cross sections (MTCSs). The calculations of DCSs and ICSs have been carried out using an independent atom model under the screening corrected additivity rule (IAM-SCAR). The present elastic DCSs have been found to agree well with the results of IAM-SCAR calculation above 20 eV, and also with a recent Schwinger multichannel calculation below 30 eV. Furthermore, in the comparison with the XF3 (X = B, C, N, and CH) molecules, the elastic DCSs reveal a similar angular distribution which are approximately equal in magnitude from 30 to 200 eV. This feature suggests that the elastic scattering is dominated virtually by the 3-outer fluorine atoms surrounding the XF3 molecules. The vibrational DCSs have also been obtained in the energy range of 1.5–15 eV and vibrational analysis based on the angular correlation theory has been carried out to explain the nature of the shape resonances. Limited experiments on vibrational inelastic scattering confirmed the existence of a shape resonance with a peak at 3.8 eV, which is also observed in the vibrational ICS. Finally, the estimated elastic ICSs, MTCSs, as well as total cross sections are compared with the previous cross section data available.
Metal chloride-treated graphene oxide to produce high-performance polymer solar cells
Authors: Choi Eun-Su , Jeon Ye-Jin , Kim Seok-Soon , Kim Tae-Wook , Noh Yong-Jin , Kwon Sung-Nam , Na Seok-In
Published: July 2015

We introduce a simple but effective graphene oxide (GO) modification with metal chloride treatments to produce high-performance polymer solar cells (PSCs). The role of various metal chlorides on GO and their effects on device performances of PSCs was investigated. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy, and current-voltage measurement studies demonstrated that metal chloride can induce a p-doping effect and increase the GO work-function, thus resulting in an improved built-in potential and interfacial resistance in PSCs. The resultant PSCs with metal chloride exhibited improved device efficiency than those with the neat GO. Furthermore, with the metal chloride-doped GO, we finally achieved an excellent PSC-efficiency of 6.58% and a very desirable device stability, which constitute a highly similar efficiency but much better PSC life-time to conventional device with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). This study could be a valuable way to produce various PEDOT:PSS alternatives and beneficial for producing high-performance and cost-efficient polymeric devices.
Suppression of 1/f noise in near-ballistic h-BN-graphene-h-BN heterostructure field-effect transistors
Authors: Stolyarov Maxim A. , Liu Guanxiong , Rumyantsev Sergey L. , Shur Michael , Balandin Alexander A.
Published: July 2015

We have investigated low-frequency 1/f noise in the boron nitride–graphene–boron nitride heterostructure field-effect transistors on Si/SiO2 substrates (f is a frequency). The device channel was implemented with a single layer graphene encased between two layers of hexagonal boron nitride. The transistors had the charge carrier mobility in the range from ∼30 000 to ∼36 000 cm2/Vs at room temperature. It was established that the noise spectral density normalized to the channel area in such devices can be suppressed to ∼5 × 10−9 μm2 Hz−1, which is a factor of ×5 – ×10 lower than that in non-encapsulated graphene devices on Si/SiO2. The physical mechanism of noise suppression was attributed to screening of the charge carriers in the channel from traps in SiO2 gate dielectric and surface defects. The obtained results are important for the electronic and optoelectronic applications of graphene.
Low reflectance of nano-patterned Pt-Cu-Ni-P bulk metallic glass
Authors: Tarigan Hendra J. , Kahler Niloofar , Ramos Nelson Sepúlveda , Kumar Golden , Bernussi Ayrton A.
Published: July 2015

Materials that exhibit very high absorption and low reflectance at optical frequencies are important in a variety of light harvesting applications. We explore nano-scale topography of bulk metallic glasses to realize metallic surfaces with controllable reflectance. Diffuse reflectance as low as 1.6% in the visible range is achieved with nano-patterned Pt-based model bulk metallic glass without further optimization. Effect of pattern dimensions (size, spacing, and aspect-ratio) on the reflectance of bulk metallic glasses is investigated using a combination of simulation and experiments.
Precise, reproducible nano-domain engineering in lithium niobate crystals
Authors: Boes Andreas , Sivan Vijay , Ren Guanghui , Yudistira Didit , Mailis Sakellaris , Soergel Elisabeth , Mitchell Arnan
Published: July 2015

We present a technique for domain engineering the surface of lithium niobate crystals with features as small as 100 nm. A film of chromium (Cr) is deposited on the lithium niobate surface and patterned using electron beam lithography and lift-off and then irradiated with a wide diameter beam of intense visible laser light. The regions patterned with chromium are domain inverted while the uncoated regions are not affected by the irradiation. With the ability to realize nanoscale surface domains, this technique could offer an avenue for fabrication of nano-photonic and phononic devices.
Near infrared ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy with ZrF4-BaF2-LaF3-AlF3-NaF fiber supercontinuum
Authors: Fischbach Stefan , Gorbach Andrey V. , Di Nuzzo Daniele , Da Como Enrico
Published: July 2015

We report on the performance of a setup designed for femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy in the near infrared (NIR) spectral region. We generate a supercontinuum (SC) probe by coupling 140 fs light pulses at 1550 nm into a ZrF4-BaF2-LaF3-AlF3-NaF (ZBLAN) fiber. The combined high nonlinearity and transparency of the ZBLAN fluoride glass allows us to obtain a SC probe from 1 to 2.6 μm. The NIR pulses are used to demonstrate a proof of principle experiment probing the relaxation of photo induced excitations in a conjugated polymer:fullerene blend film. The results show the possibility to perform fibre based NIR SC femtosecond spectroscopy at >100 KHz repetition rate and using lasers with pulse energy just above 300 nJ.
Restoring in-phase emissions from non-planar radiating elements using a transformation optics based lens
Authors: Yi Jianjia , Burokur Shah Nawaz , Piau Gérard-Pascal , de Lustrac André
Published: July 2015

The broadband directive in-phase emission from an array of sources conformed cylindrically is numerically and experimentally reported. Such manipulation is achieved through the use of a lens designed by transformation optics concept. The all-dielectric lens prototype is realized through three-dimensional (3D) polyjet printing and presents a graded refractive index. A microstrip antenna array fabricated using standard lithography techniques and conformed on a cylindrical surface is used as TE-polarized wave launcher for the lens. To experimentally demonstrate the broadband focusing properties and in-phase directive emissions, both the far-field radiation patterns and the near-field distributions have been measured. Experimental measurements agreeing qualitatively with numerical simulations validate the proposed lens and open the way to inexpensive all-dielectric microwave lenses for beam forming and collimation.
Effect of hydrothermal condition on the formation of multi-component oxides of Ni-based metallic glass under high temperature water near the critical point
Authors: Kim J. S. , Kim S. Y. , Kim D. H. , Ott R. T. , Kim H. G. , Lee M. H.
Published: July 2015

The specific feature of multi-component oxides synthesized by hydrothermal process under high temperature (633 K) and highly pressurized water (18.9 MPa) near critical point. Effects of hydrothermal processing duration times 24 hours and 72 hours, respectively, on the oxide formation of the Ni59Zr20Ti16Si2Sn3 metallic glass synthesized by powder metallurgy process were characterized by X-ray diffractometer, differential scanning calorimeter along with the particle size, morphology and crystalline phase of the oxides. The crystallization of the needle-shape NiTiO3, ZrTiO4 and ZrSnO4 ternary oxide phases observed on the surface of metallic glass at below glass transition temperature and the morphology of oxide phases changed to plate-shape around 2 μm in diameter by the increase processing time. This hydrothermal processing in subcritical water provides accelerated dense metal oxide crystals due to the reaction medium being at higher pressure than conventional oxidation processing.
Fabrication of TiO2/Ag/Ag2O Nanoparticles to Enhance the Photocatalytic Activity of Degussa P25 Titania
Authors: Khan Safyan A. , Ali Shahid , Sohail Manzar , Morsy Mohamed A. , Yamani Zain H.
Published: July 2015

A simple chemical reduction approach was used to synthesize Ag nanoparticles (NPs) over a reputed photocatalyst, Degussa P25 (TiO2). Silver doping extended the P25 absorption wavelength from the ultraviolet to the visible region. The synthesized silver NPs (Ag NPs) were of spherical shape and had an average size of ~4.6 nm. In the next stage, Ag NPs were partially oxidized by treatment with hydrogen peroxide. The resulting P25/Ag/Ag2O nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, and UV-visible spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activities of the P25, P25/Ag, and P25/Ag/Ag2O catalysts were investigated for the degradation of non-biodegradable dyes, methylene blue and rhodamine 6G. The P25/Ag/Ag2O nanocomposite exhibited better photodegradation activity than P25, as well as the commonly used Ag3PO4, under visible light irradiation.
What does hunting market price reflect? The role of species, landscape and management
Authors: Martinez-Jauregui M. , Herruzo A. C. , Campos P.
Published: July 2015

Context Hunting transactions can be considered a composite good that includes various attributes or characteristics. Obtaining information regarding the utility derived from the different characteristics of the hunter’s bag might help elucidate the purchasing behaviour of hunters. This behaviour is, in turn, an important aspect to be considered by land managers in adaptive hunting management. Aims The present study attempts to identify the values given by hunters to species, landscape and management in the pricing of the hunter’s bag. Our analysis is focused on the hunting bag characteristics and adds to previous research the joint consideration of the amount and quality (sex, age classes and trophy) of various species in the hunter’s bag. Methods We use a dataset of 740 forest hunting estates at Andalucía (1 162 405 ha in the south of Spain) with an important mixed-species bag composition and where 225 game-hunting marketed transactions were declared by the hunting managers, including 13 541 hunting journeys. Hedonic-price analysis and mixed-effect models are used. Key results Our results showed that the composition of the harvested species (quantity and trophy of different species, sex and age classes), the activities related to harvesting and organisation of hunting events and landscape in hunting areas are relevant attributes in big-game market transactions. In small-game market transactions, species and landscape are the primary significant variables found. The latter variable plays a more important role in small game than in big game. Conclusions These findings indicated that hunting market values include, in addition to hunters’ recreational experience, ecological and management aspects with a broader social scope. Implications A further discussion regarding the possible conflict among hunter preferences, long-term game-management decisions and ecological goals is also provided.
Signaling between periglomerular cells reveals a bimodal role for GABA in modulating glomerular microcircuitry in the olfactory bulb
Authors: Parsa Pirooz Victor , D’Souza Rinaldo David , Vijayaraghavan Sukumar
Published: July 2015

Significance

Excitation-driven inhibition is one mechanism for manipulating gain control in brain microcircuits. Here we show that interactions between GABAergic interneurons in the glomerulus in the olfactory bulb can, in a dynamic fashion, regulate inhibition of circuit output. GABA is depolarizing on these interneurons; however, depending on the activity state of these neurons, it can be excitatory or inhibitory, thereby providing a bimodal regulation of inhibition. In the olfactory bulb, activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors can drive glutamate-dependent GABAergic mechanisms that allow for timed filtering of incoming inputs. These mechanisms can serve to normalize inhibition across the glomerular layer by cholinergic activation, taking into account both behavioral states and the activity history of individual glomeruli.
Color preference in red–green dichromats
Authors: Álvaro Leticia , Moreira Humberto , Lillo Julio , Franklin Anna
Published: July 2015

Significance

Around 2% of males have red–green dichromacy, which is a genetic disorder of color vision that affects how well certain colors can be seen and discriminated. Humans with normal color vision are known to have systematic and reliable preferences for some colors over others (e.g., blue is liked and yellow-green is disliked). We show that red–green dichromats have a different reliable pattern of color preference in which, for example, yellow is the most, not the least, preferred color. We test current theories of color preference and provide novel evidence that how easily a color can be named is related to how much it is liked. The findings further understanding of dichromacy, color preference, and aesthetics in general.
Navigating natural variation in herbivory-induced secondary metabolism in coyote tobacco populations using MS/MS structural analysis
Authors: Li Dapeng , Baldwin Ian T. , Gaquerel Emmanuel
Published: July 2015

Significance

The study of natural variation has profoundly advanced our understanding of plants’ phenotypic trait evolution. The analysis of intraspecific variations in metabolism, however, has lagged behind and frequently been biased toward central metabolism. To redress this bias, we present a metabolomics case study of leaf secondary metabolites of wild tobacco ecotypes subjected to simulated insect herbivory in which mass spectral maps are constructed. Navigating these maps revealed metabolic branch-specific variations and allowed the annotation of unknown metabolites of likely ecological importance. Although the profiling of entire plant metabolomes remains technically challenging due to their structural complexity, we predict that the workflow described here provides a significant advance in our ability to rapidly explore small molecules that mediate functionally important phenotypes.
Mechanically patterning the embryonic airway epithelium
Authors: Varner Victor D. , Gleghorn Jason P. , Miller Erin , Radisky Derek C. , Nelson Celeste M.
Published: July 2015

Significance

During branching morphogenesis of the developing lung, it is generally thought that a spatial template of biochemical cues determines the airway branching pattern. Here, however, we demonstrate that physical mechanisms can control the pattern of airway branching. Using a combination of 3D culture experiments and theoretical modeling, we show that a growth-induced physical instability initiates the formation of new epithelial branches. Tuning epithelial growth rate controls the dominant wavelength of the instability, and thereby the branching pattern. These findings emphasize the role of mechanical forces during morphogenesis and indicate that lung development is not a closed genetic system. Physical cues also regulate the spatially patterned cell behaviors that underlie organ assembly in the embryo.
The heterogeneity of mental representation: Ending the imagery debate
Authors: Pearson Joel , Kosslyn Stephen M.
Published: July 2015

The possible ways that information can be represented mentally have been discussed often over the past thousand years. However, this issue could not be addressed rigorously until late in the 20th century. Initial empirical findings spurred a debate about the heterogeneity of mental representation: Is all information stored in propositional, language-like, symbolic internal representations, or can humans use at least two different types of representations (and possibly many more)? Here, in historical context, we describe recent evidence that humans do not always rely on propositional internal representations but, instead, can also rely on at least one other format: depictive representation. We propose that the debate should now move on to characterizing all of the different forms of human mental representation.
Harvesting entropy and quantifying the transition from noise to chaos in a photon-counting feedback loop
Authors: Hagerstrom Aaron Morgan , Murphy Thomas Edward , Roy Rajarshi
Published: July 2015

Significance

The unpredictability of physical systems can depend on the scale at which they are observed. For example, single photons incident on a detector arrive at random times, but slow intensity variations can be observed by counting many photons over large time windows. We describe an experiment in which we modulate a weak optical signal using feedback from a single-photon detector. We quantitatively demonstrate a transition from single-photon shot noise to deterministic chaos. Furthermore, we show that measurements of the entropy rate of a system with small-scale noise and large-scale deterministic fluctuations can resolve both behaviors. We describe how quantifying entropy production can be used to evaluate physical random number generators.
Self-removal of condensed water on the legs of water striders
Authors: Wang Qianbin , Yao Xi , Liu Huan , Quéré David , Jiang Lei
Published: July 2015

Significance

Condensing water droplets can be self-removed from the legs of water striders in a three-step mechanism. First, droplets migrate inside the texture and grow. Then, drops are suddenly expelled out of the hairs, owing to the elastic deformation of the network of setae by growing drops. Ultimately, condensed drops are expelled from the leg. Self-removal of condensing water prevents a major source of risk for the creature, whose hydrophobicity would reverse if setae were impregnated by water. The design of the legs therefore provides a remarkable example where the conjunction of hydrophobicity, geometry, and flexibility yields water repellency both at large and very small scales.
Evolutionary rewiring of gene regulatory network linkages at divergence of the echinoid subclasses
Authors: Erkenbrack Eric M. , Davidson Eric H.
Published: July 2015

Significance

This work provides direct evidence of evolutionary rewiring of gene-regulatory circuitry accompanying divergence of two subclasses of echinoderm, the cidaroid and euechinoid sea urchins. These forms descend from a known common Paleozoic ancestor, and their embryos develop differently, offering an opportunity to probe the basic evolutionary process by which clade divergence occurs at the gene-regulatory network (GRN) level. We carried out a systematic analysis of the use of particular genes participating in embryonic skeletogenic cell specification, building on an established euechinoid developmental GRN. This study revealed that the well-known and elegantly configured regulatory circuitry that underlies skeletogenic specification in modern sea urchins is largely a novel evolutionary invention. The results dramatically display extensive regulatory changes in a specific developmental GRN, underlying an incidence of cladistic divergence at the subclass level.
A channelopathy mechanism revealed by direct calmodulin activation of TrpV4
Authors: Loukin Stephen H. , Teng Jinfeng , Kung Ching
Published: July 2015

Significance

Over 50 mutations in the ion channel Transient Receptor Potential vanilloid subtype 4 (TrpV4) cause diseases ranging from dwarfism to prenatal death. We previously examined 14 mutant channels and found them to leak. Ca
2+
encourages TrpV4 opening through calmodulin (CaM). Here, we examined two channels mutated in close proximity to the Ca
2+
-CaM–binding domain. They not only leak but also are greatly reduced in activation by Ca
2+
-CaM compared with the wild-type or other mutant channels. These mutations likely define an autoinhibitory domain that keeps the channel closed, to which adjacent detachable Ca
2+
-CaM binding interferes with this inhibition. The scattered disease alleles may all make the channel leak but apparently by different means, including the loss of an autoinhibition shown here.
Melanocortin 4 receptor mutations contribute to the adaptation of cavefish to nutrient-poor conditions
Authors: Aspiras Ariel C. , Rohner Nicolas , Martineau Brian , Borowsky Richard L. , Tabin Clifford J.
Published: July 2015

Significance

The propensity for weight gain is detrimental to modern human health. However, under environmental conditions where nutrients are limiting, this trait can be highly adaptive. Currently, the genetic basis of population level differences in appetite control and metabolism is still largely mysterious. Here, we describe changes in metabolism that evolved in the small tetra
Astyanax mexicanus
as it adapted from surface rivers to the nutrient-poor environment found in caves. We identified coding mutations in melanocortin 4 receptor responsible for an increase in appetite and starvation resistance of cavefish compared with surface fish populations. These results provide important genetic insights into metabolic evolution and show that mutations in a single gene can have profound effects on multiple physiological adaptations.