bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In the Line of Fire: The Library of University College Hull During World War II
Authors: Dyson Brian
Published: January 2014

During the Second World War the east coast port of Hull was subjected to repeated enemy attack from the air. The library of University College, Hull, was under constant threat of damage, and its rare books and manuscripts had to be moved elsewhere. The library itself naturally had to contend with financial restraint and staff shortages during a particularly difficult and dangerous period. That the library was able to keep operating, even though much of its stock had been dispersed, was due to the determination and endeavour of its Librarian, Agnes Cuming.
Information in the Stones, A Library Building as History: St Peter-In-The-East, St Edmund Hall, Oxford
Authors: Eaton Deborah Hayward
Published: January 2014

In October 1970 the Norman church of St Peter-in-the-East, Oxford, opened as the library of St Edmund Hall, University of Oxford. The conversion from church to library was carried out so as to provide an optimum library service with no loss of the building's architectural qualities. The College's policy for allowing public access to the church for research and personal needs evolves over time, meeting changing academic and social needs, while causing the least possible disturbance to students’ studies.
Democracy at Work: The Library Association's ‘Centenary Assessment’ of 1950
Authors: Jefcoate Graham
Published: January 2014

The year 1950 saw the centenary of the passing of the first Public Libraries Act. Several commemorative events were planned by the Library Association to mark the occasion. This article looks at two of them: the publication of a booklet, A century of public library service (the brainchild of Lionel McColvin), and a travelling photgraphic exhibition. This paper was read at the Library History Group's ‘Libraries and Modernity’ conference held at Manchester in June 1997.
Food for the Mind, Or Food for the Belly? The Irish Famine and the Public Libraries Act of 1850
Authors: Manley K. A.
Published: January 2014

The opposition to the Public Libraries Act of 1850 as it passed through parliament is well-known. That most opposition came from die-hard Conservatives such as Colonel Sibthorp is no secret. But not all Conservatives opposed the idea of public libraries, just as not all Liberals supported it. The true nature of the opposition is more complex, as the parliamentary division lists show. One particularly interesting aspect of the opposition revolves around the attitude of the Irish members. Their role in the voting and in the debates was especially significant considering that the first Public Libraries Act did not apply to Ireland (nor to Scotland).
A Commission Appointed to Inquire Into the Condition and Workings of Free Libraries of Various Towns in England (1869)
Authors: Johnman W. A. P. , Kendall H.
Published: January 2014

The story of the public library movement in Darlington, County Durham, revolves around Edward Pease (1834-1880), grandson of the railway pioneer of that name. Pease was a Quaker philanthropist who in 1869, at his own expense, commissioned Revs. William A. P. Johnman, a graduate of Edinburgh University, and Henry Kendall (1832-1900), a Congregationalist minister, to spend a week visiting public libraries, mostly in the north of England and the midlands. Their extremely subjective, and at times amusing, report on the condition of the institutions which entertained them is a fascinating account of public libraries at a crucial early period in their development. Their paper represents a rare and personal eye-witness account of a number of municipal libraries which had been in existence for less than twenty years, and some of them for less than ten. Their own findings are interspersed with the comments of librarians and users, and they end with a series of wise conclusions on the advantages of public libraries. (The report itself on their travels was drawn up by Johnman and the conclusions by Kendall.)

Previously unpublished, the report deserves to be compared to the various official Returns on public libraries presented to Parliament. 1 Sadly, their travels were to no avail, at least in the short term. They presented their findings to a public meeting in Darlington on 19 October 1869, but a subsequent vote of ratepayers produced only defeat. Part of the reason seems to have been because there existed already a thriving private subscription library and a Mechanics' Institute. 2 After Pease's death the trustees of his estate offered to provide funds for a library building, if the Public Libraries Acts were adopted. Not surprisingly the Acts were hastily adopted, and the Edward Pease Free Library was opened in 1885.
Warfare and Collection-Building: The Faro Raid of 1596
Authors: Purcell Mark
Published: January 2014

The presence of a number of books of Portuguese provenance in the Bodleian Library at Oxford recalls a famous naval escapade of the decade in which the Bodleian was founded, namely the Faro and Cadiz raids of 1596 by the Earl of Essex, the donor of the books. It is ironic that the book collection of a Roman Catholic bishop and Inquisitor should have found their way into a library expressly founded as a ‘bulwark of Protestantism’. Many myths have circulated about these books; their story is well worth revisiting.
From Locked Cupboard to University Library: Libraries for Nurses in the UK After 1955
Authors: Wakeham Maurice
Published: January 2014

This paper presents an outline of the history of library provIsIon for nurses in the second half of the twentieth century. The few libraries for nurses that existed in the fifties were usually attached to Schools of Nursing and often run by volunteers, clerical assistants or nurse tutors. In an organization where the emphasis was on training and skills development rather than education and reflection and the prime aim was maintaining a health service with limited resources, provision of books and journals for theoretical learning had a low priority. In turn nurses gained a reputation as people who did not read.

In order to respond to problems of staff morale, recruitment and retention, in the last decade of the century attempts were made to make nursing more attractive by giving pre-registration learners student status, encouraging a research-based approach to learning and absorbing it into higher education. However many of the problems facing libraries would not be quickly resolved.

An attempt will be made to explain library provision for nurses with reference to the generation of knowledge in nursing and its relationship to library based knowledge. This will touch on the role and status of the nurse, the nature of her work and training, the ideological foundations of the nursing profession and the impact that these have on the provision of library services. This article is based on a paper originally delivered at the 8th International Congress on Medical Librarianship, July 2000.
The Public Library in an Age of Inclusion: Edward Sydney, Harold Jolliffe and the Rise and Fall of Library Extension, 1927–1972
Authors: Muddiman Dave
Published: January 2014

Of late, public libraries have become increasingly concerned with social inclusion, viz. ensuring that all groups and classes participate in and benefit from mainstream social life. This paper argues, however, that the true age of inclusion for UK public libraries can be found in the mid-twentieth century; and in particular in attempts to develop a ‘wider public library’ which operated as a centre of local cultural life. The rise, decline and social significance of such public library ‘extension’ work is examined through an analysis of the careers of two librarians in particular: Edward Sydney in Ley ton and Harold Jolliffe in Swindon. A shorter version of the paper was first presented at the Library History Group Conference: ‘A Celebration of 150 Years of the Public Library in Britain’, Croydon, 3–5 April 2000.
Southport Library and its Legacy
Authors: Glasgow Eric
Published: January 2014

The following two articles relate the stories of Southport Public Library in Merseyside (formerly Lancashire) and Archibald Sparke. As in so many other places, Southport's library only developed thanks to a local benefactor, William Atkinson, and a succession of conscientious chief librarians. Sparke served in several public libraries in the north before retiring to Southport.
The Perils of Provenance: Serial Ownership, Bookplates and Obfuscation at Belton House
Authors: Hoare Peter
Published: January 2014

The substantial library of Belton House in Lincolnshire was built up during more than 300 years by successive members of the related Brownlow and Cust families. Most of the books survive and include many French and Italian works. Inscriptions and bookplates reveal that over I50 family members contributed to the collection.
Knightshayes Court: Reconstructing a Victorian Library Room
Authors: Meller Hugh
Published: January 2014

The original Victorian library room at Knightshayes Court, Devon, was largely removed in the 1950s. But in the 1980s the National Trust decided to restore the interior and replace the books.
An Overlooked Inventory for Blickling Hall, Norfolk
Authors: West Susie
Published: January 2014

Archival sources for the seventeenth-century library of the Hobarts at Blickling are brought into focus through the use of an overlooked post-mortem inventory.
Ralph Thoresby (1658–1725) of Leeds, Books and Libraries
Authors: Morrish P. S.
Published: January 2014

This paper reworks a presidential lecture delivered to the Thoresby Society, Leeds, on 22 March 2003. It examines how Ralph Thoresby (1658–1725), bibliophile and antiquary, acquired, borrowed and lent books, and visited and used libraries and archives in connection with his study of the history of Leeds and district. It also examines how he managed his own collection of books and manuscripts. Despite his domicile in Leeds he was not isolated from intellectual activity in London or elsewhere. It notes, finally, the failure of local society to capitalize on his book-collecting, and the eventual dispersal of his collection.
High temperature deformation and microstructural evolution of Mg–Gd–Y alloys
Authors: Liu X. B. , Chen R. S. , Han E. H.
Published: January 2014

The high temperature deformation behaviours of Mg–10Gd–3Y (GW103) alloys processed by extrusion and extrusion followed by equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) were investigated and compared, and the maximum tensile elongations of 390 and 490% were obtained in the two specimens respectively. The different processing routes led to different microstructural features, and the extrusion followed by ECAE (EX-ECAE) specimens usually showed higher elongations than as extruded ones under the same deformation conditions. The deformation mechanisms of GW103 alloys were analysed in terms of the strain rate sensitivity exponent, microstructural evolution and activation energy. The high elongations of as extruded specimens were attributed to the combined effects of dynamic recrystallisation and grain boundary sliding, which was accompanied by lattice diffusion. However, grain boundary sliding controlled by the combination of grain boundary and lattice diffusions was dominant in the EX-ECAE specimens.
Explosive welding
Authors: Crossland B. , Williams J. D.
Published: January 2014

Explosive welding, which is a solid-phase welding process, was probably discovered by chance by Philipchuk, who states that he first observed the effect when explosively forming an aluminium U-channel on a steel die. It was found that the U-channel could not be removed from the die because a circular-shaped area had become welded to the die. From more recent work it would appear that an excessive explosive charge must have been used in this forming exercise to have achieved the impact velocity required for welding. Allen, Mapes, and Wilson carried out experiments concerned with the impact of right cylindrical bullets fired at thin targets and they noted a rippling of the surface of the bullet. Abrahamson, who was concerned with the rippling or wave action, continued the work of Allen et al. and observed, when firing a steel bullet against an oblique copper target, that adhesion occurred between the steel and the copper; he shows a photomicrograph of the wavy interface typical of explosive welding. This, of course, leads to the conclusion that explosive welding is associated with the oblique impact between the two surfaces to be welded. Crossland and Bahrani also noted that it was well known during the First World War that a bullet or shrapnel could stick to metal surfaces which they impacted, though it was not appreciated that this could be the basis of a welding process.
The Naming of Moscows in the USA
Authors: Vasiliev Irina
Published: January 2014

AbstractSince 1800, at least forty-seven populated places in the United States have borne the name Moscow. The reasons for having been so named fall into four classes of placename type: commemorative, anticipatory, transfer, and mistake. The stories of these communities and their namings tell much about the growth of this country, the flow of information within it, and each community's perception of itself.
Wither Fled Lamia?: A Search for Signification
Authors: Thomas Mark
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe “Perrea” in John Keats's poem “Lamia” has until now remained unidentified by literary scholars. Geographical and orthographical ambiguities cloud the issue, particularly because “Lamia” shows Keats inventing words and spellings. This article traces some of the implications of readings based on several possible candidates before identifying Keats's referent: PerreaChora.
Washington, Montana, the Dakotas — and Massachusetts: A Comparative Approach to Street Naming
Authors: Baldwin Lawrence M. , Grimaud Michel
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe present paper on the street names of Washington State, Montana, and North and South Dakota (hereafter nicknamed “Dadamowa”) is a preliminary and partial analysis of the street names found in the Carrier Route tapes of the United States Postal Service. Our comparative report on both Massachusetts and the Dadamowa region provides the first extensive “interstate” survey of the nature and variability of naming practices. The most obvious differences in this five state comparison stem from the grid patterns evident in the Dadamowa region. However, our conclusion finds no radical differences in the ways the streets are named in these states.
A Century of Montana History in Her Placenames
Authors: Cheney Roberta Carkeek
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe placenames of Montana are a rendering of its local history in poetic form. Echoes of the men and women who came to stay mingle with the echoes of those who came but did not stay. The Indian on a buffalo hunt; the fur-trapper building his trading post; the cattleman riding in the dust kicked up by a thousand longhorns; the miner with his dream of wealth; the dryland farmer praying for rain; the lonesome settlers from other lands and other states; the railroaders pushing westward; and the newcomers with industry and oil-each one has added to the history of the region, and that history can be read in the stories of Montana's placenames.
New St. Gets a Name
Authors: Harris Marion O.
Published: January 2014

AbstractMorristown, New Jersey, got a new street in 1981. We know its complete history, including particularly its series of informal and, at last, formal names. Members of the Town Council conducted their naming process publicly, stating the reasons for their suggestions, finally deciding on Water Street. Odonymic history is made of such events.
The U.S. Board on Geographic Names: An Overview
Authors: Orth Donald J.
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis issue of Names commemorates the one hundredth anniversaty of the Board on Geographic Names. From its informal beginning until the present, the Board has played an important role in standardizing the placenames of the United States.
Southern Nationalism on the Landscape: County Names in Former Confederate States
Authors: Gulley Harold E.
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe Confederate period and celebration of the Lost Cause are significant sources of county names in eleven of the former Confederate states. Since 1861, counties in these eleven states have been named for Confederate soldiers and prominent antebellum and Confederate politicians. Among these states, important differences in the frequency of choosing Southern nationalist names for counties are apparent. These findings partially explain the lack of mainstream American nationalism on the landscape of states in the Deep South.
Nicknames: An Annotated Bibliography
Authors: Lawson Edwin D.
Published: January 2014

AbstractFor an annatated nicknames bibliagraphy, I drew items fram the general names bibliagraphies af Smith (1952) and Lawsan (1987). To this list I added a number af new items, bringing the tatal to.abaut 320, cavering a time range far the use af nicknames fram the ancient Egyptians to the present and a braad spectrum af madern ethnic graups and sacieties.
The Distinctive Hispanic Names (DHN) Technique: A Method for Selecting a Sample or Estilmating Population Size
Authors: Lavender Abraham D.
Published: January 2014

AbstractTo address the problem of determining total numbers of a population from a limited sampling, I derived a Distinctive Hispanic Names (DHN) Technique, based on 8,455 United States voters born in Spanish-speaking countries (and Puerto Rico) and classified as Hispanic. I offer suggestions of how many surnames and which surnames to use, and how to adjust the DHN list for Hispanic communities of diverse nationality background. The DHN technique allows an estimate of the total number of Hispanic voters in Miami Beach, Florida, including United States-born Hispanics.
How New Naming. Systems Emerge: The Prototypical Case of Columbus and Washington
Authors: Baldwin Lawrence M. , Grimaud Michel
Published: January 2014

AbstractA new, generalized commemorative use of personal names as toponyms began and spread at about the time of the French and American Revolutions as a consequence of the personalities involved and of the events themselves. Three of the most important names – Washington, Columbus, and Columbia – are frequently and significantly used for counties, towns, and streets in the United States. Also, the American Revolution may have been instrumental in enabling the birth of several anthroponymic naming systems.
Prufrock-Shmufrock? An Appendage to J. Alfred's Nomenclature
Authors: Fleissner Robert F.
Published: January 2014

AbstractIs Prufrock's name a mere will-o'-the-wisp? Several lengthy studies of its meaning, etymologically and onomastically (or connotatively), have raised a number of issues concerning what Eliot had in mind, consciously or unconsciously. These have, to some extent, overlapped, and so a study bringing them together is in order. Each segment of the full name deserves careful study again, including the ambiguous initial, the resonant middle name, and the Germanic surname.
In a Tavern, in a Caverne: Explicating Missouri Names
Authors: Berthoff Rowland
Published: January 2014

AbstractLocal folk-etymologists and professional placename scholars have agreed with 19th and early 20th-century travelers on the Missouri and Osage rivers that three separate sets of “Tavern“ creeks and caves must have been the sites of actual frontier taverns. Instead, both historical evidence and inspection of the sites indicate that the source of the names was the application, to certain open rock-shelters, of a play on the French words Caverne and taverne.
Nicknames in Urban China: A Two-Tiered Model
Authors: Moore Robert L.
Published: January 2014

AbstractNicknames have been observed and analyzed in a variety of cultures and subcultures. In most cases an analysis will presuppose either a narrow definition of a nickname which includes only meaningful names, or a broader definition which includes hypocorisms and other informal names. By using the concept of a category which is focused on a prototype but which includes less than prototypical or “borderline” members, both kinds of definitions can be accomodated. Furthermore, this two-tiered concept of the nickname, applied cross-culturally, may help bring order into our understanding of the many different kinds of nicknames that can be found in various cultural and social groups. In the case of urban China there are two kinds of nicknames which match this two-tiered model.
Naming and a Black Woman's Aesthetic
Authors: Burelbach Frederick M.
Published: January 2014

AbstractUnlike that of most modern and post-modern writers, the fiction of Zora Neale Hurston and Alice Walker lacks “meaningful names.” This is contrary to expectations; we would expect names, like those in the fiction of Gloria Naylor, Toni Morrison, and Toni Cade Bambara, that either claim black or matrilinear power or protest against black women's double unempowerment in a white, patriarchal society. However, opaque names in the fiction of Hurston and Walker may be seen as resisting colonization and/or penetration by a critical analysis that appropriates or transfixes their meanings by a white, patriarchal methodology.
All in the Family: The In-House Honorifics of Lewis and Clark
Authors: Large Arlen J.
Published: January 2014

AbstractDuring the Lewis and Clark expedition, landscape features were named for all 33 people who made the round trip to the Pacific. Names were sometimes linked to events involving party members, but more often they seemed to be assigned randomly. Early re-visits by expedition veterans helped some of these names to survive.
Mvskoke Personal Names
Authors: Moore John H.
Published: January 2014

AbstractA description of the traditional structure of Creek and Seminole formal names (appellations) and nicknames illuminates the forms and frequencies of names appearing on historical censuses since the seventeenth century. Personal names were permuted within the Mvskoke cultural system and were transformed into English names primarily by literation, translation and homophonization in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
Chinook Jargon Placenames as Points of Mutual Reference: Discourse, Intersubjectivity, and Environment Within an Intercultural Toponymic Complex
Authors: Deur Douglas
Published: January 2014

AbstractChinook Jargon, a pre-historic trade language in northwestern North America, became the primary means of communication between native and white speakers during European exploration and settlement in this region. At this time, many descriptive names taken from Chinook Jargon were assigned to landscape features. Some placenames persist as artifacts of this exchange; assessed in the light of historical and ethnographic sources, they illuminate the character of intercultural discourse on the northwestern frontier. Chinook Jargon placenames exhibit a restricted semantic range, providing intersubjective and utilitarian descriptions of the landscape to facilitate navigation and the location of particular resources. Descriptive vehicles, such as toponymic metaphors, are also reduced to certain “lowest common denominators” between the cultures in contact. It is thus suggested that, in intercultural contexts, speakers must divine certain linguistic and cultural points of mutual reference in order to discuss salient physical points of mutual reference in the landscape.
The Politics of Personal Naming in South Africa
Authors: Herbert Robert K.
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe relationship between naming and sociocultural meaning among the peoples of southern Africa is changing. A comparison of names bestowed in two time periods shows how patterns of naming reflect sociocultural changes, including the demands of a centralized bureaucracy and the urbanization of populations. The ways in which systems of naming responded to recent political events in South Africa is examined. In line with the traditional history-keeping function of personal names, there is a greater incidence of political names for children, especially boys, born after 1990.
Attitudes Toward Women's Marital Name Choices
Authors: Seheuble Laurie K. , Johnson David R.
Published: January 2014

AbstractAttitudes of more than 900 adult respondents toward women's choosing to retain their birth name as their last name when they marry are reported. The majority of respondents were tolerant ofa woman's keeping her birth name, but were not tolerant if the couple planned to have children. Women were far more accepting of a wife's retaining her birth name than were men. Also more tolerant were persons with higher levels of education, higher incomes, lived in larger communities, had more liberal political leanings, were less religious and younger.
Personal Names as Social Protest: The Status of African Political Names
Authors: Herbert Robert K.
Published: January 2014

AbstractAn earlier study noted a sharp rise in the incidence of “political names” given to South African children, especially boys, born 1990-1992, compared with those born earlier and suggested that this increase reflected a history-keeping function of personal names. Other interpretations are offered and it is suggested that such names may be more profitably classed with names offering social commentary, especially social friction. These names are then seen as oblique messages sent by muted name-givers and their decreased frequency around and following majority rule follows from the achievement of social voice by the African community.
The Transfer of Scottish Placenames to Canada
Authors: Rayburn Alan
Published: January 2014

AbstractScottish migration to the area of present-day Canada was so intensive from the late 1700s to the early 1900s that nearly two million Canadians claimed Scottish ancestry after the middle of the twentieth century. Through their placenames the Scots were able to reinforce their presence in Canada. Settlements in Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island were mainly developed by migrants from the Highlands and Western Isles in the late 1700s and early 1800s, so that most of their names recall places in those parts of Scotland. In the remaining provinces and territories (except Newfoundland, which had no direct migration from Scotland), most of the transfer names came from the Lowland parts of Scotland, principally during the 1800s. From Inverness in Nova Scotia's Cape Breton Island amd Strathgartney in Prince Edward Island to Lanark in Ontario, and Thurso in Quebec to Banff in Alberta, and Clyde River in Nunavut, Canada reveals an extensive Scottish contribution to its rich toponymy.
In the Land of Pleasant Living: Names in Virginia's Northern Neck
Authors: Miller Mary Rita
Published: January 2014

AbstractVirginia's Northern Neck, also known as the “Land of Pleasant Living,” has many historic places and names dating from the first decade of the 1600s. The earliest names were recorded in 1608 by Captain John Smith from an Algonquian dialect of the local Native Americans. Major watercourses and tracts of land in the Northern Neck still retain forms of these names. After 1652 there was intensive settlement from the Jamestown area of southern Virginia and the British Isles. These English-speaking people bestowed their own familiar names on places, tracts of land, and houses, providing a name cover with a very distinctive British flavor. The history of naming in the Neck, though not unlike other areas of the eastern seaboard, has its own characteristic patina of names’ that reflect the sequence of occupation, economy, and attitudes of people to the land.
The Saints Come Marching In: Saints' Names in the Toponymy of Cornwall
Authors: Ashley Leonard R.N.
Published: January 2014

AbstractCornwall, virtually cut off from the rest of Britain until the end of the eighteenth century, about the time the last native speaker of Cornish died, offers a rich storehouse of still extant placename oddities. Here I survey one aspect of that toponymy: the names of saints on the map of Cornwall. All saints’ names connect the existing placenames with the religion and folklore of the earlier days and underline the heritage which the modern Cornish have for a century been trying to recapture with the revival of the ancient language. The ancestors of the Cornish were driven westward by Anglo-Saxons in AD 500. In what is now Cornwall, the language became Cornish. Cornwall and Brittany share certain early saints, some originally from Ireland, some antedating Anglo-Saxon Christianity, and some with their names on the land in both Cornwall and Brittany. This paper is meant to underline the need in toponymic study to review the historic, linguistic and folkloric concerns, not just the geographic.
Marking Time—Marking Space
Authors: Nicolaisen W. F. H.
Published: January 2014

AbstractAt a time when we witness the transition from one millennium to another, it is inevitable that our awareness of things temporal should be heightened. Here I respond to this special awareness by exploring some of the ways in which we arbitrarily interrupt the continuum of both time and space through processes such as periodization and the naming of locations, either in connection with events that happen in time and space or, in the case of spatial divisions, through communicating the notions of here, there, and somewhere else with the aid of individualizing names. Marking time and space are revealed as acts essential for human survival.
The Drama of Naming Ireland: Brian Friel's Translations and The Communication Cord
Authors: Hutchinson Glenn
Published: January 2014

AbstractIrish playwright Brian Friel explores the complexity of names as they relate to Gaelic culture and British imperialism. In Translations, Friel dramatizes the 19th century British Ordance Survey which attempted to standardize and Anglicize the names of geographic features of Ireland. I suggest a paradox of naming: reacting to the British Empire's naming as colonization, Irish nostalgia for national origins fictionalizes around the names of the past. Because of the British “misnaming,” the Irish must create a new past through an impossible search for “authentic” names.
The Pleasures and Pitfalls of Naming in Vladimir Nabokov's Stories
Authors: Balestrini Nassim W.
Published: January 2014

AbstractTrue to his aesthetic principles, Nabokov expresses his love for detail in imaginative naming strategies. The conspicuous absence of names as well as the deliberate use of multilingual names constitute an important facet of his short fiction. Nabokov challenges the reader to differentiate between names that evoke stereotypes and names whose etymology assumes significance, between the purposes of supposedly real names and of appellations admittedly invented by a secretive or ironic narrator. Names as aesthetic entities invite scrutiny of their sounds, their printed shapes, their associations with colors, with plants or other phenomena. As the examples will illustrate, the impact of names in Nabokov's stories ranges from comic or tragic effects to intricate patterns of interrelated meanings.
“To have what was mine”: Reclaiming Surnames in Trieste
Authors: Hametz Maura E.
Published: January 2014

AbstractThroughout the twentieth century, modification of surnames through voluntary action or official coercion formed part of the communal landscape for the population of Trieste. An examination of the experiences of two men-Paolo Marz and Emidio Sussi-demonstrates how the historical processes of surname changes affected members of the population in the city once a part of the Austrian Habsburg Empire and now near Italy's border with Slovenia. Depending on the political circumstances, individual perceptions of identity clashed or coincided with state expectations and ambitions. The experiences of the Marz and Sussi families from 1918 to 1993 illustrate how overlapping ethnic affiliations persisted and how patterns of surname modification and recovery served to articulate the borderland identity.
A Contemporary Public Naming Controversy in Phoenix, Arizona: The Changing Social Perspectives on Landmark Nomenclature
Authors: Kelleher Wendy C.
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis article summarizes the events surrounding the controversial renaming of Squaw Peak, a prominent landmark in Phoenix, Arizona. The article provides a commentary on how one state and one city is handling the derogatory name issue (the issue is far from resolved). Information was gathered largely through personal interviews of those most closely involved, including members of the Arizona State Board on Geographic and Historic Names and U.S. Board on Geographic and Historic Names, Arizona legistators and gubernatorial staffers. Information was supplemented by several area media sources including (but not limited to) The Arizona Republic, Indian Country Today, The Arizona Capitol Times.
Recollections of schoolteachers' nicknames
Authors: Crozier W. Ray
Published: January 2014

AbstractAn investigation of schoolteachers’ nicknames recalled by a sample of 103 students showed that the majority of nicknames were negative in tone and directed mostly at disliked and unpopular teachers. Distinctive physical characteristics and variations on the teacher's name were the main sources of nicknames, a finding that is consistent with previous research into nicknames that are used openly as forms of address. The functions that names play in the life of the school and the contribution of wit to the effectiveness of names are discussed.
Scientific Approach to Etymology of Surnames
Authors: Beider Alexander
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to show a possible approach in the domain of etymology of surnames for which the label “scientific” would be appropriate. It discusses the reasons of the law status of that branch of onomastics in scholarly circles. A scientific approach asks to provide a conjecture that would be the most corroborated by various factors among which are: answers, correlated with the etymon and between them, provided to other main questions of the etymological research; results of the statistical analysis of surnames of other families belonging to the same ethno-cultural group; knowledge concerning the general historical and linguistic background of the time of the surname adoption; finding of the family genealogical data concerning the time of the surname adoption; and existence of the testimony concerning the surname adoption.
Nicknames And Rememberance: Memorials To Woodlawn's Jazz Greats
Authors: Olsen Susan
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn the world of jazz, musicians are known by their nicknames. “Duke,” “Bean,” “Cootie” are the names we recognize when we talk about the music made by Duke Ellington and his orchestra. The Woodlawn Cemetery in the Bronx is known worldwide as the final resting place of many jazz musicians, including Duke Ellington, Miles Davis, Coleman Hawkins, and Lionel Hampton. Although the nicknames of many members of the jazz community are incorporated into their gravemarkers, there are several musicians whose inscriptions record their legal names and make no reference to the nicknames connecting them to their careers. When a inscription is selected for a grave marker, it is permanent and shows how the purchaser of the memorial wants the individual to be remembered. In this essay, the resultant relationships among friends, family, and memorials is discussed.
The Politics of Naming: A Personal Reflection 1
Authors: Alia Valerie
Published: January 2014

AbstractNaming is an important key to understanding power relations. My inquiry into what I have called political onomastics-the politics of naming-dates back to the early 1980s and includes research on the experiences and practices of Inuit and of immigrants in Canadian, U.S., and European diasporas. Having looked at naming across various regions, nations, and cultures, it seemed time to bring the journey closer to home. As the child of European-Jewish immigrants to North America, I grew up hearing naming stories. Here I consider the power of naming, starting at Ellis Island and including experiences of naming in a multicultural family, selfre-naming and remarriage, and reflect on the differences and similarities between Ashkenazim and Inuit, homeland and diaspora.
Review of control systems for resistance spot welding: Past and current practices and emerging trends
Authors: Messler Robert W. , Jou Min
Published: January 2014

This review focuses on the need for, challenges to, and means of achieving effective control in resistance spot welding; beginning with the earliest single variable open loop systems, progressing to single-, then multivariable feedback and adaptive closed loop systems. The former applied a control action to a single input variable to compensate for drops in line voltage without assessing the effect on output online. The latter use feedback of either single or multiple output variables measured online to execute a preplanned control action, with adaptive systems able to selfadjust gains and/or time constants in the control law in accordance with predictable and unpredictable variations to achieve near constant output. The capabilities and shortcomings of each approach are addressed. The review ends with a discussion of emerging systems for achieving intelligent control by comparing inputs against outputs of actual versus ideal welds and executing control commands in real time based on process knowledge and learning.
Quantification of thermomechanical conditions for weld solidification cracking
Authors: Feng Z. , David S. A. , Zacharia T. , Tsai C. L.
Published: January 2014

This paper presents the quantitative assessment of the thermomechanical conditions of two commonly used laboratory weld solidification cracking tests, the Sigmajig test and the transverse Varestraint test. The local temperature and stress/strain conditions in the vicinity of a weld pool are calculated using the finite element formulations of the heat transfer and continuum solid mechanics, respectively, and are quantitatively related to the welding and testing conditions. The calculated local stresses in the solidification temperature range are able to explain the experimentally observed solidification cracking initiation behaviours under different welding and loading conditions in the Sigmajig test. The local strain conditions in the transverse Varestraint test are related to the testing conditions, particularly to the augmented strains that have been used as an index to measure material susceptibility to solidification cracking. From results obtained using the technique of measurement by means of in situ observation (MISO), the accuracy and the capability of the FE models are critically evaluated. The results in this study support a postulate that the microscopic solidification cracking processes are controlled, to a significant degree, by the development of the local macroscopic stress/strain conditions in the cracking susceptible region.
Prediction of microstructure and properties in the heat affected zone of HSLA-100 weldments
Authors: Metzbower E. A. , Spanos G. , Fonda R. W. , Vandermeer R. A.
Published: January 2014

The objective of this study was to model the evolution of the microstructure and the resultant hardness in the heat affected zone (HAZ) of HSLA-100 steel weldments. The experimental HAZ results of Spanos et al., where four different weld thermal cycles, with two peak temperatures (1400 and 900°C) and two cooling rates (5 and 60 K s–1), were emulated in a heating/quenching dilatometer, are compared with the results of three weld simulation modelsfor the decomposition of austenite. The three models are those of Kirkaldy and coworkers, Ion, Easterling, and Ashby, and Bhadeshia and co-workers. All of the models require the chemical composition, a thermal profile, and an austenite grain size measurement. All of the models gave excellent results for the fast cooling rates. Bhadeshia's model gave good results for one of the slower cooling rates, but not the other. Neither Kirkaldy's model nor that of Ion et al. was satisfactory for the slower cooling rate cases.
Microstructural development in single crystal nickel base superalloy welds
Authors: Vitek J. M. , David S. A. , Boatner L. A.
Published: January 2014

The welding behaviour of alloy PWA 1480, a single crystal nickel base super alloy, has been investigated. The ability to successfully weld single crystal nickel base superalloys is desirable for fabrication procedures as well as for potential repair applications in both aircraft and land based turbine systems. The microstructural development in welds of this alloy was characterised and analysed using a geometrical model developed earlier in the study of Fe–Cr–Ni single crystal welds. The microstructural features in the nickel base alloy welds and, in particular, the dendritic growth patterns, were accurately described by this model. However, several potential difficulties with the welding of the nickel base superalloys were identified. First, there is frequent formation of stray crystals which result in the loss of the single crystal nature of the weld. Second, dendritic zones are formed in the weld and these may result in a degradation of the weld properties, even if the single crystal character of the weldment remains intact. In addition, extensive cracking was found in these welds and this subject is dealt with in a companion paper.
Effect of welding parameters on residual stress in type 420 martensitic stainless steel
Authors: Lin Y. C. , Perng J. Y.
Published: January 2014

The effect of welding parameters on residual stress induced by shrinkage of weldment and metallurgical phase transformation in type 420 martensitic stainless steel has been investigated. In this study, type 1018 low carbon steel was adopted as the base metal and type 420 martensitic stainless steel was used for the filler metal during submerged arc welding. The thermal cycles at various locations were recorded and dilatometry was used to examine the martensite phase transformation temperatures. The experimental results show that the residual stress increased with the heat input during welding. Using a higher welding heat input increased the amount of heat going into the weldment and elevated the martensite phase transformation temperature. Residual stresses could not be significantly reduced by increasing preheat (interpass) temperature while welding. Using higher preheat temperature conditions could elevate the equilibrium temperature and the martensite phase transformation temperature and increased the heat input to the weldment.
Thermodynamic estimation of inclusion characteristics in low alloy steel weld metals
Authors: Ichikawa K. , Koseki T. , Fuji M.
Published: January 2014

Inclusion characteristics are extremely important factors which affect the weld metal microstructure. Estimation of the inclusion characteristics in low alloy steel weld metals was attempted using thermodynamic calculation. Reasonable quantitative agreement is found between the calculated results and experimental observations in the literature, indicating that the present approach is useful for controlling inclusions in weld metals and optimising weld chemistry. It is also suggested that thermodynamic phase stability exerts a significant influence on the inclusions in low alloy steel weld metals.
Inconsistency of classification of creep resistant steels in European standard EN 288–3
Authors: Béres L. , Irmer W. , Balogh A.
Published: January 2014

The medium alloy creep resistant steels can be well separated from the high alloy creep resistant steels on the bases of chemical composition and welding technology. These two subgroups should be classified differently, therefore, in welding standards for creep resistant steel grades. In the present work, the general conclusions from a randomly chosen BS 762 steel are valid for the new BS 629 steels, where the martensite start temperatures for charges with upper and lower composition limits can differ by as much as 80 K, resulting in different crack sensitivities within the same specification even at a low carbon content. To achieve minimal and uniform cracking sensitivity, preheating and intermediate cooling temperatures are defined for the high alloy (chromium ≥4 wt-%) creep resistant steels and a reclassification of creep resistant steels in the European standard EN 288–3 is suggested.
Metallurgical investigation of laser welds in wrought Waspaloy
Authors: Li Zhang , Gobbi S. L. , Bonollo F. , Tiziani A. , Fontana G.
Published: January 2014

Wrought Waspaloy was autogenously welded by means of Nd-YAG pulsed and CO2 continuous wave lasers and the microstructures of laser welds investigated using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The fusion zones of as welded specimens contained fine γ′ and isolated MC carbides. The hardness profile of laser welds in wrought Waspaloy peaked at the fusion zone and heat affected zone (HAZ) boundaries, owing to fine γ′ precipitation and MC carbides in the fusion zone, and γ′ and M23C6 precipitates at the HAZ boundaries. After a full post-weld heat treatment, the hardness of the bead can be recovered to around 400 IIV but the hardness peaks at the HAZ boundaries became higher relative to the fusion zone and base material after aging at 450°C for 20 h. The microstructures in the fusion zone of post-weld heat treated welds consist of M23C6, MC, and γ′ which are quite uniform in size. The low cycle fatigue (LCF) strength of laser welds decreased to 400 MPa compared with 450 MPa for the base material. Fatigue cracks are initiated at the boundaries of the fusion zone and grow into the HAZ or along the boundary of the fusion zone. Fractography of LCF specimens showed ductile transgranular fracture.
Mechanism of single centreline grain formation in titanium alloy welds
Authors: Li M. , Brooks J. A.
Published: January 2014

The formation of a single through thickness grain found in the centreline of titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V thin sheet welds was investigated. Based on the numerical and experimental results, a new mechanism is proposed that considers the dendrite growth velocity and orientation and their influences on the solid/liquid interface temperature. This new mechanism, involving dendrite tip undercooling and competitive growth concepts, can be used to explain the formation and stabilisation of the single grain and grain structure in the weld. It was found that the centreline single grain is stabilised by its dendrites along a favourable 〈100〉 direction and its protrusion into the trailing edge of the weld pool, as a consequence of it growing at a lower velocity with less undercooling than the dendrites in the adjacent grains. In addition, the results suggest that the formation of the single through thickness centreline grain is also dependent on the weld geometry controlled by the welding heat input and travel speed. The macroscopic structure and growth directions of the weld pool must be such that the centreline grain can first become established.