bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL ELEKTRONIK FISIKA BERBASIS KONTEKSTUAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA SMK PADA MATERI KEMAGNETAN
Authors: Triyono Triyono , Aminah Nonoh Siti , Suparmi Suparmi
Published: April 2020

Motivasi belajar siswa SMK Gajah Mungkur 1 Wuryantoro dalam mengikuti kegiatan belajar fisika masih rendah dibandingkan saat mengikuti kegiatan belajar mata pelajaran produktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) menentukan karakteristik modul pembelajaran elektronik berbasis kontekstual untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar dan hasil belajar siswa; 2) menentukan kelayakan modul pembelajaran elektronik berbasis kontekstual untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar dan hasil belajar siswa; 3) menganalisis efektivitas modul elektronik fiska berbasis kontekstual terhadap motivasi belajar siswa; 4) menganalisis efektivitas modul elektronik fisika berbasis kontekstual terhadap hasil belajar kognitif siswa. Pengembangan modul pembelajaran elektronik berbasis kontekstual ini termasuk jenis penelitian Research and Development (R&D) dengan menggunakan 4-D Model Thiagarajan yang terdiri dari 4 tahap yaitu: tahap pendefinisian (define), tahap perencanaan (design), tahap pengembangan (develop), dan tahap penyebaran (disseminate). Modul divalidasi oleh 2 dosen ahli (ahli materi dan ahli media), 1 guru berkualifikasi magister (ahli bahasa), 2 peer reviewer dan 2 reviewer. Modul pembelajaran elektronik berbasis kontekstual yang dikembangkan diujicoba terbatas pada 10 orang siswa kelas XII TKR 1. Setelah direvisi, modul pembelajaran elektronik berbasis kontekstual diujicoba skala besar pada 35 siswa kelas XI TKR 4. Data yang diperoleh dari hasil penelitian ini dianalisis dengan teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif dan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa: 1) karakteristik modul elektronik fisika berbasis kontekstual yaitu berupa modul elektronik yang menggunakan tujuh komponen pendekatan kontekstual yang mampu mengaitkan materi pelajaran fisika dengan materi pelajaran produktif; 2) modul elektronik fisika berbasis kontekstual layak digunakan berdasarkan hasil validasi dan dianalisis menggunakan cut off score dengan persentase keidealan 88,0 %, hasil angket keterbacaan modul oleh siswa modul layak digunakan (80,52%) dan hasil respons guru dalam tahap penyebaran modul layak digunakan (91,67 %); 3) modul elektronik fisika berbasis kontekstual efektif meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa berdasarkan hasil N-gain score sebesar 0,61 dengan kategori peningkatan sedang; 4)  modul elektronik fisika berbasis kontekstual efektif meningkatkan hasil belajar kognitif siswa berdasarkan hasil N-gain score sebesar 0,55 dengan kategori peningkatan sedang dan 77% siswa memperoleh nilai KKM.
KEEFEKTIFAN PRODUK PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN PENILAIAN KOGNITIF UNTUK MENGUKUR KEMAMPUAN KOGNITIF SISWA (MENURUT TAKSONOMI BLOOM YANG TEREFISI) PADA MATERI PROTISTA
Authors: Tarliany Eny , Sajidan Sajidan , Karyanto Puguh
Published: April 2020

Tujuan penelitian yaitu: Menguji keefektifan produk pengembangan instrumen penilaian kognitif untuk mengukur kemampuan kognitif siswa pada materi protista. Pengembangan instrumen penilaian kognitif untuk mengukur kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi mengacu pada model research and development (R&D) modifikasi dari Borg and Gall meliputi 9 langkah, yaitu: 1) penelitian pendahuluan dan pengumpulan informasi, 2) perencanaan, 3) pengembangan produk awal, 4) uji coba produk awal, 5) revisi produk I, 6) uji coba lapangan, 7) revisi produk II, 8) uji coba lapangan operasional, dan 9) revisi produk akhir. Pada penelitian ini hanya dilakukan sembilan tahapan R&D. Analisis hasil penelitian menggunakan teknik deskriptif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian  meliputi: 1) produk pengembangan instrumen penilaian kognitif dikembangkan berdasarkan indikator keterampilan proses kognitif menurut Anderson dan Krathwohl 2010, 2) kelayakan isi produk instrumen penilaian kognitif untuk mengukur keterampilan proses kognitif termasuk dalam kategeri “sangat baik” dan validitas konstruk “sangat baik”; validitas butir soal dengan kategori interpretasi minimal “cukup”; tingkat kesukaran soal dengan proporsi 11,00% kategori sedang dan 89,00% kategori sulit; daya beda dengan interpretasi minimal “cukup”; kepraktisan soal termasuk aktegori “baik”, 3) Perbedaan nilai kemampuan kognitif siswa kelas evaluasi dengan GDL (77,10) dengan kelas existing learning dengan DL (70,60) menunjukkan keefektifan produk instrumen penilaian kognitif ini.
PENGEMBANGAN MULTIMEDIA INTERAKTIF KIMIA BERBASIS INKUIRI TERBIMBING UNTUK PEMBELAJARAN MATERI POKOK HIDROKARBON DAN MINYAK BUMI KELAS XI MIA
Authors: Nugraheni Wulan , Mulyani Sri , Ashadi Ashadi
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) hasil pengembangan multimedia interaktif kimia berbasis inkuiri terbimbing pada materi hidrokarbon dan minyak bumi; (2) kelayakan multimedia interaktif kimia  berbasis inkuiri terbimbing pada materi hidrokarbon dan minyak bumi; (3) efektivitas pembelajaran menggunakan multimedia interaktif kimia berbasis inkuiri terbimbing pada materi hidrokarbon dan minyak  bumi. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian dan pengembangan pendidikan (educational reseach and development). Penelitian pengembangan multimedia ini menggunakan prosedur R&D menurut Borg & Gall yang telah dimodifikasi menjadi 9 tahap, yaitu: (1) penelitian dan pengumpulan informasi; (2) perencanaan; (3) pengembangan draft produk; (4) uji coba lapangan awal; (5) revisi hasil uji coba; (6) uji coba lapangan; (7)  revisi produk hasil uji lapangan; (8) uji pelaksanaan lapangan; (9) revisi produk akhir. Analisis data yang digunakan selama proses pengembangan adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Produk yang dikembangkan dalam penelitian adalah multimedia interaktif kimia berbasis inkuiri terbimbing pada materi hidrokarbon dan minyak bumi. Pengujian efektivitas multimedia dilakukan dengan membandingkan hasil belajar pada kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol pada masing-masing sekolah. Sampel dipilih dengan teknik cluster random sampling. Penelitian dilakukan di SMAN 2 Surakarta, SMAN 3 Surakarta, dan SMAN 8 Surakarta tahun pelajaran 2016/2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) pengembangan multimedia interaktif kimia berbasis inkuiri terbimbing telah dilaksanakan melalui 9 tahap R&D menurut Borg & Gall dan telah direvisi berdasarkan saran dan masukan dari validator ahli dan praktisi, serta telah diujicobakan kepada siswa pada uji coba skala kecil, skala menengah, dan skala luas; (2) kelayakan produk multimedia dikategorikan sangat baik dan sangat layak digunakan dengan rerata persentase penilaian sebesar 86% dari validator ahli materi dan ahli media, serta 89% berdasarkan penilaian praktisi; (3) Hasil uji statistik menunjukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang  signifikan antara hasil belajar siswa yang menggunakan multimedia interaktif yang dikembangkan (kelas eksperimen) dengan hasil belajar siswa yang tidak menggunakan multimedia (kelas kontrol). Berdasarkan rerata nilai hasil belajar kelas ekperimen yang lebih tinggi dari pada rerata nilai kelas kontrol, dapat disimpulkan bahwa produk multimedia yang dikembangkan efektif untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar aspek pengetahuan dan sikap siswa.
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL KIMIA BERBASIS INKURI TERBIMBING PADA MATERI LARUTAN PENYANGGA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DAN KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS SISWA KELAS XI IPA SMA
Authors: Femiceyanti Indri , Rahardjo Sentot Budi , Yamtinah Sri
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : (1) mengembangkan modul kimia berbasis inkuiri terbimbing untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis dan keterampilan proses sains pada materi larutan penyangga, (2) menguji kelayakan modul kimia berbasis inkuiri terbimbing untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis dan keterampilan proses sains pada materi larutan penyangga, (3) mengetahui efektivitas pembelajaran setelah menggunakan modul kimia berbasis inkuiri terbimbing pada materi larutan penyangga. Penelitian dilakukan di SMA Teladan Way Jepara, SMA N 1 Labuhan Maringgai, dan SMA Kosgoro Sribhawono di Kabupaten Lampung Timur. Penelitian pengembangan modul kimia ini menggunakan 9 tahapan prosedur Borg and Gall meliputi: (1) penelitian pendahuluan dan pengumpulan data, (2) perencanaan, (3) penge,bangan produk, (4) uji coba lapangan awal, (5) revisi produk awal, (6) uji coba pelaksanaan lapangan, (7) penyempurnaan produk hasil uji coba lapangan, (8) uji pelaksanaan lapangan, (9) penyempurnaan produk akhir. Analisis kelayakan modul berdasarkan skor kriteria. Analisis efektifitas modul menggunakan uji-t pihak kanan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) modul kimia berbasis inkuiri terbimbing pada materi larutan penyangga telah dikembangkan dengan menggunakan 9 tahapan prosedur Borg and Gall. Modul tersebut dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis dan keterampilan proses sains. (2) modul kimia berbasis inkuiri terbimbing mendapat penilaian dengan kategori “Baik” sehingga layak digunakan pada proses pembelajaran (3) hasil uji efektivitas menunjukkan bahwa modul kimia berbasis inkuiri terbimbing efektif digunakan pada sekolah dengan kategori tinggi,sedang dan rendah. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan rata-rata prestasi belajar kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelas kontrol.
DISCO NING CDC (DISCOVERY LEARNING DENGAN CHEMICAL DOMINO CARD) MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR KIMIA PADA MATERI TATANAMA SENYAWA KIMIA BAGI SISWA KELAS X MIPA 4 SMA NEGERI 1 PURWOREJO TAHUN 2017/2018
Authors: Nurlaela Erna Umu
Published: April 2020

Tujuan penyusunan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini adalah untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar kimia siswa SMA Negeri 1 Purworejo kelas X.Dalam mempelajari materi kimia, siswa perlu memahami konsep, mengingat nama senyawa dan rumus kimia dari senyawa tersebut untuk memecahkan suatu permasalahan reaksi kimia. Diperlukan banyak sekali latihan dalam reaksi-reaksi kimia. Akan tetapi, siswa cenderung kurang latihan sehingga menganggap kimia itu sulit. Oleh karena itu diperlukan media yang mendorong siswa untuk sering berlatih, media pembelajaran berupa kartu dapat menarik minat siswa untuk berlatih. Dengan bermain sambil belajar di harapkan siswa tidak akan merasa jenuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar kimia siswa SMA Negeri 1 Purworejo kelas X materi sub pokok bahasan Tatanama senyawa Kimia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian tindakan kelas. Penelitian ini dirancang dalam dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahap mulai dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Aktivitas belajar meningkat dari 12,90% sebelum siklus, 45,15% pada siklus pertama dan 80,63% pada siklus kedua, (2) hasil belajar meningkat, dari 38,71% sebelum siklus, 64,52% pada siklus pertama dan 87,10% pada siklus kedua. Oleh karena itu penggunaan media ini bisa menjadi salah satu referensi guru untuk melaksanakan proses pembelajaran.
SPE Strong: Strengthening Our Core: SPE Staying Strong
Authors: Noonan Shauna
Published: April 2020

President's column

Today is 22 March, and instead of traveling to meet with passionate SPE members, I am sitting in my dining room, or better known as my new remote office. It has been months of unprecedented stress, sadness, and uncertainty for all of us. Social distancing and learning to live our lives in a more isolated state is the price we must all pay to stay safe. The news cycle seems to change by the minute, and we cannot be sure when our lives will return to normal. An unfortunate side effect of this mandated isolation is that the list of postponed or canceled SPE events has grown, while estimated financial losses continue to mount throughout the industry. No company or organization could have predicted our industry would be facing a viral pandemic, coupled with oil prices at their lowest levels in almost 2 decades. This is a time to put our heads together and come up with a new plan. This is what oil and gas does best.

After adjusting to the last period of lower prices, SPE is now better prepared to serve its members in these challenging times.

“All the adversity I’ve had in my life, all my troubles and obstacles, have strengthened me … You may not realize it when it happens, but a kick in the teeth may be the best thing for you.”—Walt Disney

Like so many other companies, SPE was forced to down-size during the last downturn, and it was a difficult process. For those who served on the SPE Board of Directors during 2015 and 2016, it was painful yet necessary to reduce or eliminate programs that we could not financially justify due to the loss in event revenue. SPE events provide approximately 70% of the total income required for our Society to operate. It was also necessary to lower overhead costs by reducing our number of employees. SPE used this reduction in force to reorganize and streamline divisions, which resulted in greater collaboration and regional offices operating more efficiently. When the industry started to correct itself and event revenue returned, the board of directors remained cautious about spending. Their goal was to put SPE in a position to withstand another downturn, both financially and through the member programs we offer. We must be able to deliver on our mission to collect, disseminate, and exchange technical knowledge concerning the exploration, development, and production of oil and gas resources, and related technologies for the public benefit. We believe we have more tools in place to accomplish this than in our 63-year history.

SPE’s current strategic plan is heavily focused on the continued digital transformation of our publications and programs. Even while we are quarantined in our homes, we are now able to access SPE’s comprehensive content in ways that were not available a few years ago, and that will only continue to improve with projects already underway. We can also quickly provide information to all our members on all the ways they can stay engaged remotely.
Comments: In Just Three Months, Our Industry Changed
Authors: Boschee Pam
Published: April 2020

Editor's column

It has now been nearly 3 months since the one-two punches of an unprecedented modern-day pandemic and a free fall in oil prices due to the oversupply of oil resulting from a tremendous, sudden drop in demand. The domino effects across the globe continue to evolve in economies, industries, and personal lives.

West Texas Intermediate hovers around $20/bbl (as of mid-April) after starting the year in the $60s: a drop in oil price of two-thirds while global oil demand continues to sputter. The International Energy Agency (IEA) forecast the demand to be down in April by 29 million B/D, a nearly 30% decrease from the world’s daily consumption a year ago of 100 million B/D. It added that demand has not been this low since 1995. The US Energy Information Administration expects global petroleum and liquid fuels demand to decrease by 5.2 million B/D in 2020. As the saying goes, “You do the math.”

The math was done by the world’s operators, oilfield services companies, and related industry players—and the answers in far too many cases resulted in necessary, hard decisions. Furloughs and layoffs were announced early on, and capital expenditures were slashed as much as 30 to 50%. In many cases, companies soon thereafter announced further cuts in personnel and budgets.

An example of a weighty cut was Abu Dhabi National Oil Company’s (ADNOC) termination of two contracts worth $1.65 billion granted to Petrofac for work to be done for the Dalma gas development project located off the north-west coast of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. The contracts were awarded in February; in March, ADNOC notified contractors and suppliers it would review existing deals to find ways to reduce costs due to the steep slide in oil prices. On 16 April, the deal was called off.

Petrofac said it is committed to working with ADNOC over the coming weeks to explore “alternative options” for the work.

The oil and gas industry has demonstrated resiliency many times over in its long history, and as it kicks off the first-quarter earnings season, its guidance calls will reveal the plans and actions needed to move forward in the near term.

The uncertainty wrought by the repercussions of the pandemic and supply/demand imbalance has introduced a host of unknown factors beyond anyone’s direct control. But companies can directly control their operations and business practices and will be presenting their full-year 2020 outlook in coordination with the first-quarter results.

Diligence and resilience, based on experience and hard lessons learned, go hand in hand and will guide each company’s best attempts to manage the unique unpredictability it faces today.
E&P Notes (May 2020)
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen , Jacobs Trent
Published: April 2020

E&P Notes

Offshore Discoveries Continue Even as Shale Slows

Stephen Rassenfoss, JPT Emerging Technology Editor

Four recent offshore discoveries served as a reminder that exploration is migrating offshore in the Western Hemisphere.

The discoveries off Brazil, Suriname, and the US, all in deep water, offered a stark contrast to the fast-contracting US shale business. To be fair, all the wells were spudded before the oil price crash which as forced deep cuts in offshore drilling.

Apache, which has shut down drilling in the Permian Basin, made a second discovery in its 1.4-million-acre block off-shore Suriname, identifying what it said is a geologically distinct area.

 

Russian Government Buys Venezuelan Assets From Its Own Oil Company

Trent Jacobs, Digital Editor

Rosneft, Russia’s leading oil producer, said it has transferred all its holdings in Venezuela to entities controlled by the Russian state.

The move involves several joint ventures, service companies, producing assets, and key trading units responsible for export operations. Rosneft said in a statement made on 28 March that the nationalization of these assets was warranted to protect its investors.

Upon the announcement, various media reports say that three VLCCs, or very large crude carriers, contracted by Rosneft turned around before reaching Venezuelan export facilities. It is estimated that the vessels would have been loaded with nearly 5.7 million bbl of heavy crude. Venezuela is using oil exports to pay down debts with Russia.

 

Chevron Hits the Brakes on Permian, Cuts $8 Billion Across Company

As the year began, Chevron said it was on track to produce 1 million BOE/D in the Permian Basin by 2024. Instead, the international major is joining a chorus of other oil producers that are drawing down their growth plans in response to the major market disruptions caused by a Russia-Saudi Arabia price war and an unfolding global pandemic.

Chevron announced on 24 March that it reduced its capital outlay from $20 billion to $16 billion. About $2 billion of the cuts will come from the company’s unconventional programs in Argentina and the US. But a company release said the reductions will “primarily” affect the Permian where it holds about 2.2 million acres.
Machine-Learning Approach Improves Deepwater Facility Uptime
Authors: Feder Judy
Published: April 2020

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Judy Feder, contains highlights of paper SPE 195875, “Improving Deepwater Facility Uptime Using Machine-Learning Approach,” by Ajay Singh, Sathish Sankaran, SPE, and Sachin Ambre, Anadarko, et al., prepared for the 2019 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Calgary, 30 September–2 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

Deepwater oil and gas facilities encounter up to an estimated 5% annual production loss, estimated at billions of dollars, because of unplanned downtime. This paper describes an automated work flow that uses sensor data and machine-learning (ML) algorithms to predict and identify root causes of impending and unplanned shutdown events and provide actionable insights. A systematic application of such a method could prevent unfavorable operational situations in real time using equipment and process sensor data.

Overview

An assessment of the magnitude of deferred production resulting from unplanned shutdown from one of an operator’s deepwater facilities revealed that, overall, 43% of all shutdown events belong to unplanned-but-controllable events. Here, “controllable” means that, if the event is identified ahead of shut-down, mitigation is possible to avoid the shutdown. Fig. 1 provides further classification of unplanned downtime contributed by automation hardware failure, equipment failure, process trips, and production ramp-up.

The existing toolkit and systems in place are not always adequate to identify and predict abnormal events that could lead to unplanned facility shut-down. The interaction among process subsystems and disturbances that propagate across them with changing operating conditions are hard to predict without a fit-for-purpose model (or a digital twin).

Often, engineers and operators visualize key sensor data, and, using their knowledge of process and control strategy, first attempt to identify anomalous process behavior on the basis of alarms received. Topside facilities often have alarms installed with minimum and maximum trip settings. As sensor data approach those trip settings, a pre-alarm is generated and the control-room operator is notified. If the trip involves multiple process variables and if the alarms are not rationalized adequately, the operator may be inundated by alarms, because alarms are designed on each individual sensor and not at system level. With good alarm rationalization philosophy and best practices, alarm flooding can be mitigated, but the multivariate precursors will not always be captured by looking at the sensors one at a time. Additionally, early signs of an impending abnormal event would require analysis of hidden process signals before they manifest themselves as alarms. Therefore, an intelligent advisory system is desired which can:

Ingest numerous sensor data

Generate a single alarm indicating the health of a particular system or piece of equipment

Predict abnormal events that could lead to a shutdown

Potentially provide insight to prevent upcoming shutdown through root-cause analysis
Technology Focus: Cementing and Zonal Isolation (May 2020)
Authors: DeBruijn Gunnar
Published: April 2020

Diversity makes us stronger. I attended SPE's Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition last fall in Calgary and participated in a session entitled "Gender Equality in the Oil and Gas Industry - Achieving United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 5." It was a new experience for me to be part of a minority in a diverse room. Since then, I have reflected on how diversity makes us stronger. Our SPE president, Shauna Noonan, is inspiring us to "Strengthen the Core." Many of our organizations are challenging us to be more diverse; such companies have proven to be more engaging and deliver better financial results. Our teams and our technical communities also deliver superior results with diverse membership. Cementing and zonal isolation continues to be a key topic at our SPE conferences. This year, excellent papers have been presented, augmenting our knowledge and responding to the challenges of complex wells and efficiency requirements. At the same time as we "Strengthen the Core," we continue to focus on design, delivery, and evaluation of cementing operations. The selected readings include topics of design, execution, and evaluation. Cementing design is challenged in the continued investigation of materials and additives. Paper SPE 193538 poses a solution where smart vesicles are used to modify the release of chemical additives into cement. Operations are also evolving as offline cementing is becoming common. Paper SPE 196600 discusses how offline cementing can be used to save rig time. Evaluation of cement jobs continues to be an important topic, and paper SPE 199578 validates ultrasonic evaluation techniques in simulated downhole well conditions. Extra reading includes lost circulation, expanding cements, and plug and abandonment operations.I am pleased to note that each of these excellent papers includes at least one woman on the author team. In fact, one of the papers is authored by Kristin Kutchak, who has been recognized as an Outstanding Young Professional in SPE. I challenge all of us to strengthen our papers, technical teams, and organizations by continuing to include diverse populations.
Application of the matched nested case-control design to the secondary analysis of trial data
Authors: Partlett Christopher , Hall Nigel J , Leaf Alison , Juszczak Edmund , Linsell Louise
Published: April 2020

Background A nested case-control study is an efficient design that can be embedded within an existing cohort study or randomised trial. It has a number of advantages compared to the conventional case-control design, and has the potential to answer important research questions using untapped prospectively collected data. Methods We demonstrate the utility of the matched nested case-control design by applying it to a secondary analysis of the Abnormal Doppler Enteral Prescription Trial. We investigated the role of milk feed type and changes in milk feed type in the development of necrotising enterocolitis in a group of 398 high risk growth-restricted preterm infants. Results Using matching, we were able to generate a comparable sample of controls selected from the same population as the cases. In contrast to the standard case-control design, exposure status was ascertained prior to the outcome event occurring and the comparison between the cases and matched controls could be made at the point at which the event occurred. This enabled us to reliably investigate the temporal relationship between feed type and necrotising enterocolitis. Conclusions A matched nested case-control study can be used to identify credible associations in a secondary analysis of clinical trial data where the exposure of interest was not randomised, and has several advantages over a standard case-control design. This method offers the potential to make reliable inferences in scenarios where it would be unethical or impractical to perform a randomised clinical trial.
A Longitudinal Implementation Evaluation of a Physical Activity Program for Cancer Survivors: LIVESTRONG® at the Y.
Authors: Faro Jamie M , Arem Hannah , Heston Ann-Hilary , Hohman Katherine H , Hodge Heather , Wang Bo , Lemon Stephenie C , Houston Thomas K , Sadasivam Rajani S
Published: April 2020

Purpose: Increased physical activity (PA) levels in cancer survivors are associated with decreased risk of recurrence and mortality as well as additional positive health outcomes. PA interventions have shown to be efficacious, though many lack translation to and sustainability in community settings. We used dimensions of the RE-AIM framework to evaluate LIVE STRONG® at the YMCA, a nation-wide community-based PA program for cancer survivors delivered at Ys. Methods: LIVE STRONG at the Y national data compiled by YMCA of the USA and Y Association Program Managers between the years of 2010-2018 was examined. We assessed reach (number of participants), adoption (Associations offering the program), implementation (conducting 3 fidelity checks), setting-level maintenance (Associations recently offering program) and participant-level maintenance (membership conversion rate). We also examined relationships between organizational characteristics (years of program existence and Association area household income), and program implementation factors with member conversion. Results: As of 2018, LIVE STRONG at the Y has reached 62,044 survivors and 245 of the 840 (29.2%) of Y Associations have adopted the program. Among the adopters, 91% were aware of fidelity checks; implementation of Observational (62.3%), Goal-setting (49.9%), and Functional (64.6%) checklists varied. Most (95.1%) adopters reported offering ≥1 LIVE STRONG session per year (setting-level maintenance) and a facility-level mean membership conversion percentage of 46.9±31.2% (participant-level maintenance). Fewer years implementing the program and higher Association area household income were significantly associated with a greater membership conversion rate vs their comparison (all t-test p’s <0.05). In a multiple regression model controlling for organizational characteristics, conducting the fidelity checks (Observational, β=8.41; Goal-setting, β=9.70; and Functional, β=9.61; all p’s <0.01) was positively associated with higher membership conversion rates. Conclusions: LIVE STRONG at the Y, in its early years, has shown promise for high reach, while adoption at more Associations could be facilitated. Implementing fidelity checks along with organizational characteristics were associated with higher participant-level maintenance. Identification of Association-level strategies to increase reach, adoption, implementation and maintenance may increase the impact of this community-based PA program.
Long term outcomes of Burch colposuspension and transobturator tape and single incision needleless (DynaMesh ® - SIS minor) for the surgical treatment of female stress urinary incontinence patients who underwent combined pelvic reconstructive surgery or hysterectomy
Authors: Akdemir Yesim , Dincer Fadime , Buyukuysal Cagatay , Ozmen Ulku , Harma Muge , Harma Mehmet Ibrahim
Published: April 2020

Background: Women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) often require combined pelvic reconstructive surgeries because of shared risk factors of pelvic organ prolapse The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacies of Burch colposuspension, the transobturator tape (TOT), and single-incision needleless (DynaMesh®- SIS minor) procedures in patients with SUI who also underwent combined pelvic reconstructive surgery or hysterectomy. Methods: We performed this prospective cohort study that comprising 142 patients who either underwent Burch colposuspension (n:43), TOT(n:40), or SIS(n:39) procedures along with pelvic reconstructive surgery or hysterectomy between January 2010 and July 2018. During the clinical follow-up, we analyzed the objective and subjective cure rates, improvement rates, along with failure and surgical success rates of SUI surgery. We assessed quality of life and symptom severity by Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7), Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6), Sandvik Severity Index (SSI), Surgical Satisfaction Questionnaire (SSQ-8), Overactive Bladder Questionnaire V8 (OAB-V8), and Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) scale scores. The primary outcome was surgical success, which was established when there was an improvement in patients or when the patients achieved objective or subjective cure, whereas secondary outcomes included intraoperative bladder injury, sling extrusion, de novo urgency, voiding dysfunction, length of hospital stay, and patient-reported outcomes in the quality of life questionnaires. Results: Surgical success rates were higher in the Burch group than the SIS group and also higher in the TOT group than in the SIS group (88.4% vs 61.5% and 87.5% vs 61.5% respectively, p=0.003) The complaints of urinary incontinence were higher and quality of life was lower in the SIS group than in the Burch group. In terms of IIQ-7, UDI-6, OAB-V8, SSI, and SSQ-8 scores, no difference was observed between Burch and TOT groups, and TOT and SIS groups.Conclusions: Both Burch and TOT are safe and effective procedures in patients with SUI who require additional pelvic surgeries. Although the surgical outcomes of SIS procedure in patients with SUI who underwent concomitant pelvic surgeries in our study were not promising, further randomized studies are needed to clarify these observations due to unclear data.
Combining abbreviated literature searches with single-reviewer screening: three case studies of rapid reviews
Authors: Affengruber Lisa , Wagner Gernot , Waffenschmidt Siw , Lhachimi Stefan K. , Nussbaumer-Streit Barbara , Thaler Kylie , Griebler Ursula , Klerings Irma , Gartlehner Gerald
Published: April 2020

Background Decision-makers increasingly request rapid answers to clinical or public health questions. To save time, personnel, and financial resources, rapid reviews streamline the methodological steps of the systematic review process. We aimed to explore the validity of a rapid review approach that combines a substantially abbreviated literature search with single-reviewer screening of abstracts and full texts using three case studies. Methods We used a convenience sample of three ongoing Cochrane reviews as reference standards. Two reviews addressed oncological topics and one addressed a public health topic. For each of the three topics, three reviewers screened the literature independently. Our primary outcome was the change in conclusions between the rapid reviews and the respective Cochrane reviews. In case the rapid approach missed studies, we recalculated the meta-analyses for the main outcomes and asked Cochrane review authors if the new body of evidence would change their original conclusion compared with the reference standards. Additionally, we assessed the sensitivity of the rapid review approach compared with the results of the original Cochrane reviews. Results For the two oncological topics (case studies 1 and 2), the three rapid reviews each yielded the same conclusions as the Cochrane reviews. However, the authors would have had less certainty about their conclusion in case study 2. For case study 3, the public health topic, only one of the three rapid reviews led to the same conclusion as the Cochrane review. The other two rapid reviews provided insufficient information for the authors to draw conclusions. Using the rapid review approach, the sensitivity was 100% (3 of 3) for case study 1. For case study 2, the three rapid reviews identified 40% (4 of 10), 50% (5 of 10), and 60% (6 of 10) of the included studies, respectively; for case study 3, the respective numbers were 38% (8 of 21), 43% (9 of 21), and 48% (10 of 21). Conclusions Within the limitations of these case studies, a rapid review approach that combines abbreviated literature searches with single-reviewer screening may be feasible for focused clinical questions. For complex public health topics, sensitivity seems to be insufficient.
Cerebral Hypoperfusion in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) and Corticobasal Syndrome (CBS)
Authors: Alster Piotr , Nieciecki Michał , Koziorowski Dariusz , Charzyńska Ingeborga , Królicki Leszek , Friedman Andrzej
Published: April 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to author disagreement.
Efficacy of revefenacin, a long-acting muscarinic antagonist for nebulized therapy, in patients with markers of more severe COPD: a post hoc subgroup analysis
Authors: Donohue James F. , Kerwin Edward , Barnes Chris N. , Moran Edmund J. , Haumann Brett , Crater Glenn D.
Published: April 2020

Background: Revefenacin, a once-daily, long-acting muscarinic antagonist delivered via standard jet nebulizer, increased trough forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) in patients with moderate to very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in prior phase 3 trials. We evaluated the efficacy of revefenacin in patients with markers of more severe COPD. Methods: A post hoc subgroup analysis of two replicate, randomized, phase 3 trials was conducted over 12 weeks. Endpoints included least squares change from baseline in trough FEV1, St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) responders, and transition dyspnea index (TDI) responders at Day 85. This analysis included patient subgroups at high risk for COPD exacerbations and compared patients who received revefenacin 175 μg and placebo: severe and very severe airflow limitation (percent predicted FEV1 30%–<50% and <30%), 2011 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) D, reversibility (≥12% and ≥200 mL increase in FEV1) to short-acting bronchodilators, concurrent use of long-acting β agonists and/or inhaled corticosteroids, older age (>65 and >75 years), and comorbidity risk factors. Results: Revefenacin demonstrated significant improvements in FEV1 versus placebo at Day 85 among the intention-to-treat (ITT) population and all subgroups. Additionally, there was a greater number of SGRQ and TDI responders in the ITT population and the majority of subgroups analyzed among patients who received revefenacin versus placebo. For the SGRQ responders, the odds of response (odds ratio >2.0) were significantly greater in the revefenacin arm versus the placebo arm among the severe airflow obstruction, very severe airflow obstruction and 2011 GOLD D subgroups. For the TDI responders, the odds of response (odds ratio >2.0) were significantly greater among the severe airflow obstruction subgroup and patients aged >75 years. Conclusions: Revefenacin showed significantly greater improvements in FEV1 versus placebo in the ITT population and all subgroups. Furthermore, there were a greater number of SGRQ and TDI responders in the ITT population, and in the majority of patient subgroups among patients who received revefenacin versus placebo. Based on the data presented, revefenacin could be a therapeutic option among patients with markers of more severe COPD.
LINC00152 promotes Ovarian tumor progression and Predicts Poor Prognosis by inhibiting the ubiquitination of BCL6
Authors: Wang Shunni , Weng Weiwei , Chen Tingting , Xu Midie , Wei Ping , Li Jing , Lu Linghui , Wang Yiqin
Published: April 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to author disagreement.
Investigating the relationship between theory of planned behavior construct with the pregnant women intention about neonatal care
Authors: Navabi Azamalsadat , shamsi mohsen , khorsandi mahboobeh , zamanian maryam
Published: April 2020

Background: Considering that neonatal are the most sensitive group to kind of diseases, the present study aimed an investigating the relationship between theory of planned behavior construct with the pregnant women intention about neonatal care.Method: In this cross-sectional study, 100 pregnant women in trimester of pregnancy were selected by random sampling. Data was collected using valid and reliable questionnaire and interviews conducted with pregnant women. The questionnaire included demographic characteristic of the mothers and theory planned behavior construct. Finally the data were analyzed by SPSS 20 T-test, Chi-square, Correlation, ANOVA and regression.Results: The average age of the sample was 26.12±4.9 and the average duration of marriage age was 3.9 ±2.74 years. There was a high correlation between perceived behavioral control and behavioral intention (r=0.40; p < 0.001). Over 40% of pregnant women were shown to lack overall Knowledge about the items related to neonatal care. The mothers who were better prepared for parenting tended to have a higher level of schooling, perceived control behavior and knowledge. Regression analysis showed that the knowledge and perceived behavior control R2 =32% in the prediction of neonatal care intentions.Conclusions: Findings of this study show support for the predictive ability of the theory of planned behavior in predicting for neonatal care therefore the design of educational intervention should be based on intention and knowledge as the most important predictors of maternal behavior.
The influence of laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy versus open gastrectomy to long-term survival for early gastric cancer: an updated meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhai Zhao , Lou Shenghan , Zhu Ziyu , Cong Xiliang , Gao Jialiang , Han Bangling , Yin Xin , Zhang Yu , Xue Yingwei
Published: April 2020

Background There is a controversy for the therapeutic effect of laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy (LADG) and open gastrectomy for a long time. The meta-analysis in this article evaluates and compares the effectiveness of these two treatments to patients' long-term survival. Method We searched MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE (Ovid) and the Cochrane Library and identified all qualified researches from January 2002 to January 2020. The statistic analysis is performed by Revman 5.3 and Version 3 Comprehensive Meta-analysis. Through the results, we compared the advantages and long-term survival of LADG and ODG. Result According to the result of 8 randomized controlled trials which involves 2650 patients with early gastric cancer, compared with ODG, LAGD has longer surgery time (MD=78.11,95%CI=59.14-97.07,P<0.00001), less blood loss (MD=-100.59,95%CI=-127.71--73.46,P<0.00001), a shorter incision (MD=-12.25,95%CI=-13.18--11.31,P<0.00001), shorter time to start the first time of flatus (MD=-0.66,95%CI=-1.01--0.32,P=0.0001), shorter hospital stay (MD=-0.94,95%CI=-1.66--0.22,P=0.01), and lower frequency of analgesic utilization (MD=-1.69,95%CI=-2.18--1.21,P<0.00001). However, there is no statistical difference between ODG and LAGD on the number of harvested lymph nodes, time of the first meal, short-term surgical complications, cancer recurrence rate, and long-term survival rate. Conclusion According to the result of meta-analysis, compared with ODG, LADG has a significant advantage in blood loss in surgery, early rehabilitation, scar development, management of postoperative pain, etc. Meanwhile, LADG and ODG have the same performance on long-term survival. Therefore, we believe LADG is a safe and effective replacement of ODG for early gastric cancer.
High- power radiofrequency ablation guided by ablation index for pulmonary vein isolation
Authors: Zhu Xuefeng , Wang Chunxiao , Li Jianping , Li Wenjing , Chu Hongxia , Zhou Huihui
Published: April 2020

Background

Proposed to facilitate pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), high-power ablation may cause extracardiac damage. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of ablation index (AI) guided high-power ablation first in an animal model and subsequently in a clinical study.
Methods

Outcomes of radiofrequency (RF) applications were compared in a swine ventricular endocardial model (n = 10 each for 50W, 40W and 30W; AI = 500), and in 100 consecutive patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation undergoing PVI (40W [last n = 50] vs. 30 W [first n = 50]; target AI = 400/500 on posterior/anterior wall, respectively). Acute PV reconnection was assessed post adenosine administration 20 minutes after ablation.
Results

In swine ventricular endocardial RF applications, use of 50W and 40W vs. 30W was associated with greater tissue lesion depth (5.06 ± 0.16 and 4.38 ± 0.13 mm vs. 3.95 ± 0.16 mm; P < 0.001) and smaller lesion maximum diameter (7.81 ± 0.15 and 8.42 ± 0.18 mm vs. 9.08 ± 0.15 mm; P < 0.001). Tissue necrosis caused by 50W vs. 40W and 30W was the deepest and largest (3.15 ± 0.18 mm vs. 2.71 ± 0.17 and 2.42 ± 0.13 mm; and 5.58 ± 0.18 mm vs. 5.18 ± 0.16 and 3.94 ± 0.17 mm; respectively; P < 0.001). In PVI, use of 40W vs. 30W was associated with shorter procedure time (56.54 ± 1.81 min vs. 76.55 ± 2.34 min; p < 0.001) and ablation time (35.85 ± 14.87 min vs. 51.01 ± 17.99 min; p < 0.001); lower RF energy per point (909.02 ± 354.57J vs. 1045 ± 376.60J; p < 0.001); higher first-pass PVI (87% vs. 72%; P < 0.01); lower acute PV reconnection (22% vs. 41%; P < 0.01); no complications in either group; and similar sinus rhythm maintenance at 12 months (92% vs. 84%; P = 0.22).
Conclusions

AI-guided high-power (40W) vs. conventional (30W) PVI was related to a reduced time for procedure and was considered safe, with diminished acute pulmonary vein reconnection.
Side Effects of Azathioprine in Patients with Ocular Behçet’s disease
Authors: Masoumi Maryam , Davatchi Fereydoun , Shahram Farhad , Akhlaghi Maassoumeh , Faezi Seyedeh Tahereh , Kavosi Hoda , Shadmanfar Soraya , Alikhani Majid , Moradi Soroush
Published: April 2020

Background:

Behçet’s disease is an autoimmune, rare, multi-system vasculitis characterized by recurrent oral and genital ulcers, uveitis, skin lesions, and arthritis. Azathioprine has been well established as an effective therapy among other immunosuppressive drugs; however, concerns remain about the safety of azathioprine. This study is conducted to determine various types and prevalence of adverse effects of azathioprine in patients with ocular Behçet’s.
Methods:

We carried out a cross-sectional study on 165 patients with confirmed diagnosis of Behçet’s who suffered from ocular involvement. Data concerning the different episodes of the disease, including severity, recurrence, relapse, recovery and flare up of Behçet’s disease, were collected retrospectively, as well as the azathioprine dosage and duration of consumption.
Results:

Of 165 enrolled patients, 103 patients (62.43%) were male and 62 patients (37.57%) were female. Adverse events of treatment with azathioprine occurred in 11 patients (6.67%). Side effects occurred in 11 patients (6.67%) taking azathioprine. These side effects included elevation of liver enzyme in 4 patients (2.43%), hypersensitivity reaction in 2 patients (1.21%), leukopenia in 2 patients (1.21%), nausea in 1 patient (0.61%), skin tumor in 1 patient (0.61%) and concomitant pancreatitis and hepatitis in 1 patient (0.61%). Six of these cases discontinued and five of them tapered the dose. In addition, we observed severe leukopenia in two patients.
Conclusion:

Administration of azathioprine, with due attention to the signs, symptoms, and severity of the disease, results in a reduced rate of adverse effects, and resolving of the ocular involvement in Behçet’s disease patients.
The function of CISH in T cell differentiation and proliferation
Authors: Hu Zhangyong , Zhou Yan , Li Tiane , Zhang Lei , Zhou Min , Yang Jun , Wang Shuang , Yang Xuemei , Li Yanfang
Published: April 2020

Background: Previous studies have shown that cytokine-inducible SH2 containing protein (CISH) gene polymorphism is related to the differences in the outcomes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. T cells play an important role in HBV infection. We tested the hypothesis that the CISH affects the outcome of HBV infection by influencing the T cells.Methods: CISH gene and shRNA were cloned into pCDH and pLKO.1 plasmid, respectively. We used 293T cells to package the lentivirus and collected the lentiviral supernatant to infect CD3 T cells and compared the differences in T cell proliferation, differentiation, T-cell receptor Vβ (TCRVβ) subfamily expression, and gene expression in each group. Results: We found that CISH had a negative effect on T cell proliferation. The expression of TCRVβ was also affected. The expression of TRVβ3.1 and TRVβ12 was up-regulated by CISH. Reducing CISH expression contributed to the formation of CD8+T cells. Gene ontology (GO) analysis results showed that CISH mainly regulated chromosome segregation, nuclear division, and organelle fission in the biological process (BP) group; chromosomal region, centrosome, and spindle in cellular components (CC) group; ATPase activity, and carbohydrate binding in molecular function (MF) group. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis results showed that CISH primarily affected the p53 signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and others. Conclusion: We found that CISH plays an important role in T cells and this helps to further clarify the pathogenesis of HBV infections.