bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-differentiable second-order symmetric multiobjective fractional variational programming with cones constraints
Authors: Kumar Ramesh , Mishra Vishnu Narayan , Dubey Ramu
Published: August 2024

In this article, we build a pair non-differentiable second-order symmetric multiobjective fractional variational programming models with cone constraints, where each objective function component has a support function for a compact convex set. The (C, ρ, θ)-convexity/(C, ρ, θ)-pseudo-convexity/(C, ρ, θ)-quasiconvexity functions are defined and also, constructed concrete numerical examples for existing such type of functions. The duality results are established by using these aforesaid assumptions.
Optimal establishment of processing unit and partner selection problem of perishable product supply chain: apple case study of India
Authors: Bhardwaj Manisha , Agrawal Rajat
Published: August 2024

Decentralized supply chain operation in India adds to inefficiency in management and control difficulties for perishable product supply chain (PPSC). One of the important categories of factors that underly the problem in supply chain is the establishment of processing units that results in end – product distribution. This paper presents an optimal establishment of processing unit around production area for apple supply chain as a case study of India. This study proposed amalgamation of mixed integer linear programming (MILP) and colored petri nets (CPN) to model the PPSC. The mathematical model was set up in regard with capacity of processing unit and transportation cost with continuation in partner selection using MILP approach. The simulation model directs the maximization of system performance by running in CPN environment. The values of the results are subjected to transportation cost and production area with estimate of 25% loss during post harvesting such as transportation and environmental variation. The results corresponding to the case study provided an optimal establishment of processing units. Further, the specific partner associated with the facility and transportation cost. Decision-makers can identify the set of partners from the set of facilities dependent upon the transportation cost for further supply of product using a threshold values. Thereby, the model can be used as a decision-making system for processing companies to result in efficient PPSC management. The developed model was tested and validated on case study to demonstrate our approach’s applicability.
Mind-Body-Medizin in der Therapie von Kopfschmerz und Migräne
Authors: Paul Anna
Published: August 2024

Kopfschmerzen sind ein multifaktorielles Geschehen und oft auch lebensstilbedingt. Sie erfordern deshalb
eine Behandlung, die unterschiedliche Ebenen gleichzeitig anspricht: körperlich, kognitiv, seelisch, aber
auch sozial. Das ist die Domäne der Integrativen Medizin, die konventionelle Medizin mit wissenschaftlich
geprüfter Naturheilkunde und deren Ordnungstherapie bzw. der modernen Mind-Body-Medizin verbindet 15. Diese ist eine wesentliche Säule der Integrativen Medizin und dient
der Therapie genauso wie der Prävention.
Current Applications of the Three-Dimensional Printing Technology in Neurosurgery: A Review
Authors: Łajczak Paweł Marek , Jóźwik Kamil , Jaldin Torrico Cristian
Published: August 2024

Background In the recent years, three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has emerged as a transformative tool, particularly in health care, offering unprecedented possibilities in neurosurgery. This review explores the diverse applications of 3D printing in neurosurgery, assessing its impact on precision, customization, surgical planning, and education.

Methods A literature review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus, identifying 84 relevant articles. These were categorized into spine applications, neurovascular applications, neuro-oncology applications, neuroendoscopy applications, cranioplasty applications, and modulation/stimulation applications.

Results 3D printing applications in spine surgery showcased advancements in guide devices, prosthetics, and neurosurgical planning, with patient-specific models enhancing precision and minimizing complications. Neurovascular applications demonstrated the utility of 3D-printed guide devices in intracranial hemorrhage and enhanced surgical planning for cerebrovascular diseases. Neuro-oncology applications highlighted the role of 3D printing in guide devices for tumor surgery and improved surgical planning through realistic models. Neuroendoscopy applications emphasized the benefits of 3D-printed guide devices, anatomical models, and educational tools. Cranioplasty applications showed promising outcomes in patient-specific implants, addressing biomechanical considerations.

Discussion The integration of 3D printing into neurosurgery has significantly advanced precision, customization, and surgical planning. Challenges include standardization, material considerations, and ethical issues. Future directions involve integrating artificial intelligence, multimodal imaging fusion, biofabrication, and global collaboration.

Conclusion 3D printing has revolutionized neurosurgery, offering tailored solutions, enhanced surgical planning, and invaluable educational tools. Addressing challenges and exploring future innovations will further solidify the transformative impact of 3D printing in neurosurgical care. This review serves as a comprehensive guide for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers navigating the dynamic landscape of 3D printing in neurosurgery.
Impact of Suturing Techniques on Microvascular Anastomosis Maturation
Authors: Dostal Jiri , Klein Pavel , Blassova Tereza , Priban Vladimir
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION
Microvascular anastomosis using interrupted suture is a widely accepted standard technique. Continuous suture is less common due to the presumption that its firmness can negatively affect anastomosis maturation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of continuous suture allows maturation of the microanastomosis site.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
A rat common carotid artery (CCA) end-to-end microanastomosis model was utilized, with 19 Long-Evans rats in the interrupted sutures group and 13 in the continuous suture group. Immediate blood flow of the operated and contralateral intact CCAs was compared before clamping, at the completion of the anastomosis and after 14 days. Quantitative transit time flowmetry measurement and histological examination were employed.

RESULTS
Initial blood flow in both intact CCAs was similar across all animals (p = .004). In the interrupted suture group, median anastomosis blood flow was 88.9% of the contralateral CCA blod flow, with a median suture time of 46 minutes. After two weeks, blood flow increased to 96.1%. In the continuous suture group, median anastomosis blood flow was 88.3% of the contralateral CCA blood flow, with a median suture time of 30 minutes. After two weeks, blood flow increased to 100.0%. The reduction in suture time achieved with continuous suture was 34.8% (p < .001). Histological examination confirmed scar maturity.

CONCLUSIONS
The maturation rates of continuous and interrupted suture microanastomosis were comparable in our study, implying that concerns about the suture restricting maturation may be unwarranted. Additional finding is the potential for a reduction in microanastomosis time when using the continuous suture technique.
Comparison of Thrombophilia Assay Results for the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Scientific and Standardization Committee Plasma Standard from Different External Quality Assessment Providers—for the External Quality Assurance in Thrombosis and Haemostasis Group
Authors: Jennings Ian , Meijer Piet , Arunachalam Sandya , Marlar Richard A. , Olson John D. , Zantek Nicole D. , Bon Chantal , Dean Elysse , Hollestelle Martine J. , Meley Roland , Plumhoff Elizabeth A. , Reilly-Stitt Christopher , Salazar Eric , Smock Kristi J. , Spannagl Michael , Walker Isobel D.
Published: August 2024

External quality assessment (EQA) is used to evaluate laboratory performance in tests of hemostasis; however, some esoteric tests are performed by too few centers in any one EQA program to allow valid statistical assessment. To explore the feasibility of pooling data from several EQA providers, an exercise was carried out by the External Quality Assurance in Thrombosis and Haemostasis group, using the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Scientific and Standardization Committee (SSC) plasma standard for thrombophilia screening assays. Six EQA providers took part in this exercise, distributing the SSC plasma standard as a “blinded” sample to participants for thrombophilia tests between November 2020 and December 2021. Data were collected by each provider, anonymized, and pooled for analysis. Results were analyzed as overall results from each EQA provider, and by kit/method-specific comparisons of data from all providers pooled together. For each parameter, median results and range were determined. Over 1,250 sets of data were returned in the six EQA programs. The overall medians (all data pooled) were <4% of the assigned values for each parameter with the exception of protein C activity by clot-based assay. Method-related differences in median results were observed for free protein S antigen and protein S activity—a pattern seen across data from the different EQA providers. Antithrombin antigen results reported in mg/dL provided an example where small numbers of results for a single EQA provider may be supplemented by pooling data from multiple providers with good agreement seen among results reported by the different EQA providers. This study demonstrated that a multicenter EQA provider collaboration can be carried out and demonstrated benefit for assays with smaller number of participants. In addition, results showed good agreement with the assigned values of the SSC plasma standard. Further exercises for tests performed by only small numbers of laboratories can be planned.
Normative Data of Grip Strength and Pinch Strength in the Indian Population
Authors: Rajendiran Subashini , Pai G. Mithun , Verma Vishal , Rajappa Srinivasan , Bhat Anil , Gaba Sunil , Thatte Mukund
Published: August 2024

Background There is no normative study of transregional grip strength data available from India. Hence, a multicenter study is designed to obtain reference value.

Materials and Methods This is a prospective observational study conducted as a part of the Indian normative data project of the Indian Society for Surgery of the Hand. The study included three participating centers: one from the northern part and two from the southern part. Certified calibrated Jamar dynamometer and Jamar pinch gauge were used to measure the grip strength, key pinch strength, tip pinch strength, and tripod pinch strength as per the guidelines of the American Society of Hand Therapists.

Results A total of 1,019 volunteers in the age group of 18 to 60 years were studied. The mean grip strength in males and females was 38.18 and 24.06 kg, respectively. The mean key pinch strength was 8.52 kg in males and 5.97 kg in females. The mean tip pinch strength was 4.86 kg in males and 3.59 kg in females. The mean tripod pinch strength was 5.41 kg in males and 4.16 kg in females.

Conclusions All four strengths were lower in value when compared with American and other populations. The men had more strength than women. There was no relation to hand dominance. There was a correlation for age and height but no correlation with body mass index (BMI).
Use of Biodegradable Temporizing Matrix for Pediatric Tendoachilles Exposure: A Novel Technique in Complex Traumatic Wound Management—A Case Report
Authors: Mohan Padmalakshmi Bharathi , Chittoria RaviKumar , Ramalingam Shanmugapriya , Reddy Bharath Prakash , Gupta Kanav , Chakiath Jacob Antony
Published: August 2024

Management of complex wounds in the pediatric population is a herculean task due to the decreased surface area available for flaps and the added scars from flap reconstruction. Biodegradable temporizing matrix (BTM) has proven useful, particularly in adult burns and complex wounds. Only a few have documented the use of BTM in complex wounds in children. A 2-year-old child presented with tendoachilles exposure of the right ankle due to a crush injury in the spokes of a motorcycle. The wound was debrided and covered with BTM. After 5 weeks, the same was delaminated, healthy granulation tissue was found covering the tendoachilles, and the raw area was grafted. BTM proved to be a versatile option for converting a complex wound to a superficial wound, and it abetted the drawbacks of a flap cover: extended hospital stay, discomfort, prolonged immobilization, and additional scars.
Integrable nonlocal finite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems related to the Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell-Segur system
Authors: Xia Baoqiang , Zhou Ruguang
Published: August 2024

The method of nonlinearization of the Lax pair is developed for the Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell-Segur (AKNS) equation in the presence of space-inverse reductions. As a result, we obtain a new type of finite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems: they are nonlocal in the sense that the inverse of the space variable is involved. For such nonlocal Hamiltonian systems, we show that they preserve the Liouville integrability and they can be linearized on the Jacobi variety. We also show how to construct the algebro-geometric solutions to the AKNS equation with space-inverse reductions by virtue of our nonlocal finite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems. As an application, algebro-geometric solutions to the AKNS equation with the Dirichlet and with the Neumann boundary conditions, and algebro-geometric solutions to the nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation are obtained. nonlocal finite-dimensional integrable Hamiltonian system, algebro-geometric solution, Dirichlet (Neumann) boundary, nonlocal NLS equation.
Improvement of tunneling magnetoresistance induced by antiferromagnetic spin orientation
Authors: Chandrashekhar Koli Shradha , Dupé Bertrand , Zhou Hangyu , Zhao Weisheng
Published: August 2024

In magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs), an antiferromagnetic iridium manganese (IrMn) layer neighboring a ferromagnetic electrode is indispensable for pinning the magnetization of the ferromagnet. The effect of its antiferromagnetism on adjacent ferromagnet and, thus, the quantum transport is, nevertheless, scarcely studied. Here, we investigate the role of antiferromagnetically orientated Mn spins in IrMn on the spin-dependent tunneling transport in IrMn/FeCo/MgO/FeCo/IrMn MTJ by analyzing the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) effect. The opposite spin orientation of Mn induces the mixing of Bloch symmetries, Δ1 and Δ5, irrespective of the spin alignment of the FeCo electrode. This auxiliary contribution from the Mn spins improves the tunneling in majority- and minority-spin channels in parallel configuration. In the antiparallel configuration, the tunneling in majority- and minority-spin channels is non-identical. The TMR as high as 8643% is obtained under equilibrium. In addition, the non-equilibrium behavior of TMR and the spin-filtering effect are examined in the voltage bias range of 10–50 mV. The TMR ratio of 3600% with the spin-filtering efficiency of ∼98% is maintained at 50 mV, presenting the MTJ as an effective spin-filtering device robust to the bias endurance. Finally, it is speculated that our device structure can be a potential spin–orbit torque-based MTJ that offers a giant TMR and promotes upscaling of the generation of multi-bit devices with a simplified design strategy.
Investigating the performance of photovoltaic panels using optical water spectral splitting filter: An experimental and computational analysis
Authors: Safan Yasser M. , Abdelrazik A. S. , Elmohlawy Ashraf E. , Abdel-Moneim S. A. , Salem Mohamed R.
Published: August 2024

This study addresses the thermal stress issues caused by conventional cooling methods on photovoltaic (PV) cells, which reduce their efficiency and lifespan. Recently, the water-based spectral splitting filter (SSF) system was introduced as a solution to optimize solar energy conversion. The research fills a significant gap by focusing on the practical application of water-based SSFs under actual high-temperature conditions in Cairo (latitude of 30.1°N). The study evaluates the effects of radiation intensity (200–1000 W/m2), optical fluid flow rate (0.001–0.01 kg/s), and filter thickness (2–10 mm) on the system's performance. According to the data, the SSF system is a superior cooling technique as it can lower the PV temperature by 93% over a range of radiation intensities. The system's performance is also found to be positively influenced by increasing the SSF's thickness and flow rate, achieving 15% and 29.4% maximum increases in the fill factor and electrical efficiency, respectively, over the conventional PV panel at a thickness of 10 mm and a flow rate of 0.01 kg/s. Additionally, experimental data support the modeling findings, with a maximum variation of ±4.7% in the efficiency of the PV panel.
A Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes closure for steady-state simulations of Rayleigh–Bénard convection
Authors: Joo Da-Sol , You Donghyun
Published: August 2024

A new turbulence model has been developed for a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations of buoyancy-driven flows. This study proposes a modification to the buoyancy-related term in the conventional k–ε RANS model's ε equation. Typical two-equation RANS models provide accurate predictions in homogeneous shear flow, decaying turbulence, and log-law regions, but have uncertain effectiveness for buoyancy-driven flows, particularly concerning the buoyancy-related term in the ε equation. They have produced significant errors in natural convection scenarios where the buoyancy-related term dominantly affects the modeling results, such as in the Rayleigh–Bénard (RB) convection. Conventional models are known to inaccurately predict RB convection when treated as a steady-state problem with zero mean velocity, considering only the gravity-directed coordinate as the independent variable. The analysis reveals that the conventional RANS model, along with modeling terms for buoyancy effects, provides not only inaccurate but also divergent turbulent heat fluxes in RB convection at high Rayleigh numbers. The proposed model establishes mathematical conditions that enable steady-state RANS simulations to converge to consistent scaling relations for the Nusselt number across a wide range of Rayleigh and Prandtl numbers in RB convection. This approach algebraically modifies a single term in the ε equation, so that the term vanishes in the absence of buoyancy, so the modification integrates seamlessly with the conventional k–ε RANS model.
Sensitivity of motional Stark effect on different beam energy components for radial electric field measurements in tokamak plasmas
Authors: Ko Juyoung , Ko Jinseok
Published: August 2024

Measurement of the internal magnetic field is crucial for determining the equilibrium, stability, and current density of a plasma in a tokamak. A motional Stark Effect (MSE) diagnostic was developed to provide a measurement of the internal magnetic field in tokamaks by analyzing the emission from the interaction of the plasma particle with an injected neutral beam. The Stark effect causes the shifting and splitting of deuterium spectral lines due to the Lorentz electric field. However, it is difficult to accurately measure the internal magnetic field components since the radial electric field inherently formed inside the plasma is mixed with the Lorentz field. Under the circumstances in the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) device, one possible approach is to derive a radial electric field by measuring and comparing the polarization angles from the full and half-energy components of the neutral beam. To utilize the polychromatic MSE diagnostics in KSTAR, the half-energy component wavelength bands according to various magnetic field and beam energy combinations have been calculated, and the filter combinations required for those measurements have been selected. The Stokes-filter model used to evaluate the effect of multiple-ion-source neutral beam injection on the MSE measurements has been extended to infer the sensitivity of this approach to take the non-ideal bandpass filter effects into account.
Research on emergency protection system for personnel safety in cable tunnels based on ultra-wideband
Authors: Zhao Jiong , Zhang Junbing , Li Hao , Lei Guoqiang , Wang Gang
Published: August 2024

This study comprehensively explores the application of ultra-wideband (UWB) technology in enhancing the safety and emergency protection of cable tunnel personnel. With the increase in electricity demand, traditional operation and maintenance methods of power grid cable tunnels are facing challenges, and there is an urgent need for more efficient and intelligent management methods. This article provides a detailed introduction to the principle, advantages, and application prospects of UWB positioning technology in cable tunnels, emphasizing its important role in high-precision positioning. UWB technology exhibits centimeter level precise positioning capability by emitting nanosecond narrow pulse signals and utilizing multipath propagation phenomena for ranging and positioning. This technology has multiple ranging methods, including one-way and two-way ranging based on time of arrival, as well as methods based on time difference. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages, and it is suitable for different application scenarios. For example, one-way ranging is simple and direct but requires strict clock synchronization, while two-way ranging does not require high clock synchronization and has fewer communication times and low power consumption. In addition, this article also proposes an adaptive extended Kalman filtering algorithm for correcting ranging errors in non-line of sight environments, which significantly improves the stability and accuracy of the system in occluded environments. Through experimental verification, the algorithm effectively reduces the average error, further confirming the feasibility and effectiveness of UWB positioning technology in cable tunnel management. UWB technology has shown great potential in improving the safety of cable tunnels, providing an innovative solution for the construction and management of smart grids.
Numerical simulation of wake evolution of a propeller with notched blades
Authors: Wu Tiecheng , Wang Zhengren , Wang Lianzhou , Cao Weitao , Luo Fuqiang , Deng Rui
Published: August 2024

This study employs an improved delayed detached eddy simulation method to examine the open-water performance and wake evolution of a propeller with notched blades, using an unstructured grid with 52.5 × 106 cells. The numerical method's validity was confirmed by comparing computed thrust and torque coefficients, as well as the flow field, with experimental data. The findings reveal that notched blades significantly reduce the propeller's hydrodynamic performance and accelerate wake instability. The notches introduce substantial disturbances in the surrounding flow, generating numerous small-scale vortices. These vortices interact with neighboring tip vortices, altering their topology and leading to rapid disintegration and the formation of secondary vortex structures. Increasing the number of notches further destabilizes the tip vortex system, causing tip vortices to lose coherence and become uniformly distributed in the mid-field. This study offers a detailed analysis of how notched blade configurations impact propeller performance, near-field flow characteristics, and wake evolution, providing valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms.
A comparison of Helmholtz oscillators with differently shaped petal nozzles
Authors: Li Xiuneng , Cheng Xide , Hou Wenjiang , Fan Shidong , Guo Xiaofeng , Ma Chao , Fang Zhenlong
Published: August 2024

This study analyzes the effect of nozzle geometry on the dynamic characteristics of water jets. The flow characteristics of Helmholtz oscillators with three different nozzle shapes (four, six, and eight petals) are investigated using large eddy simulations. The relationship between coherent structures and cavitation is illustrated using the vortex transport equation. The results show that the evolution of cavitation clouds in a Helmholtz cavity results in a periodic change in the jet pressure and the formation of pulsed water jets from petal-shaped nozzles. In addition, the cavitation bubbles inhibit the stretching and expansion of the vortex structure, and the convergence of the turbulent kinetic energy is conducive to maintaining its stability. The four-petal nozzle has the highest velocity at the central axis of the jet at 1.76% higher than that of the six-petal nozzle. When the number of petals in the nozzle is increased from six to eight, the velocity decreases by 7.96%. The streamwise vortex strength of the jet with six petals is enhanced by 61.31% compared to the four-petal case, while the eight-petal nozzle jet is only 11.75% higher than that of the six-petal nozzle. The six-petal nozzle significantly improves the mixing characteristics by slightly reducing the velocity. This study provides guidance for reducing the stagnation pressure loss when using nozzles with special shapes to enhance jet mixing.
Solutal Marangoni effects on pattern and skin formations on the rapidly evaporating surface of polymer solution layer
Authors: Hong Joung Sook , Song Kwang Ho , Daivis Peter J. , Kim Min Chan
Published: August 2024

The mechanism of the development of solutal Marangoni instability in a thin layer of polymer solution, by rapid evaporation of volatile solvent, is studied numerically. By considering the conservation of mass, momentum, and concentration across the evaporating surface, physically reliable kinematic and boundary conditions are derived and implemented in numerical simulations. To simulate the drying of a polymer solution more realistically up to the point where 80% of solvent was evaporated, the concentration-dependent evaporation rate, viscosity, and diffusivity and the movement of the interface are taken into account. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the generation and merging of convective cell motions in a layer during drying lead to surface patterns as the drying process continues. The drying of a polymer film and the development of the surface topography including thickness deviation depend on various physical phenomena such as Marangoni stress, surface tension, vapor recoil pressure, evaporation rate, initial concentration of polymer, and variation of viscosity and diffusivity with concentration. Meanwhile, the vapor recoil force plays little role in the onset of instability motion and the irregularity of the evaporation surface. Furthermore, both the diffusivity reduction and the viscosity thickening due to evaporative concentration play a critical role in the formation of the skin layer, because they suppress the Marangoni instability motion and therefore impede the convective transport of concentrated polymeric solute.
Uncovering underlying physical principles and driving forces of cell differentiation and reprogramming from single-cell transcriptomics
Authors: Zhu Ligang , Yang Songlin , Zhang Kun , Wang Hong , Fang Xiaona , Wang Jin
Published: August 2024

Recent advances in single-cell sequencing technology have revolutionized our ability to acquire whole transcriptome data. However, uncovering the underlying transcriptional drivers and nonequilibrium driving forces of cell function directly from these data remains challenging. We address this by learning cell state vector fields from discrete single-cell RNA velocity to quantify the single-cell global nonequilibrium driving forces as landscape and flux. From single-cell data, we quantified the Waddington landscape, showing that optimal paths for differentiation and reprogramming deviate from the naively expected landscape gradient paths and may not pass through landscape saddles at finite fluctuations, challenging conventional transition state estimation of kinetic rate for cell fate decisions due to the presence of the flux. A key insight from our study is that stem/progenitor cells necessitate greater energy dissipation for rapid cell cycles and self-renewal, maintaining pluripotency. We predict optimal developmental pathways and elucidate the nucleation mechanism of cell fate decisions, with transition states as nucleation sites and pioneer genes as nucleation seeds. The concept of loop flux quantifies the contributions of each cycle flux to cell state transitions, facilitating the understanding of cell dynamics and thermodynamic cost, and providing insights into optimizing biological functions. We also infer cell–cell interactions and cell-type-specific gene regulatory networks, encompassing feedback mechanisms and interaction intensities, predicting genetic perturbation effects on cell fate decisions from single-cell omics data. Essentially, our methodology validates the landscape and flux theory, along with its associated quantifications, offering a framework for exploring the physical principles underlying cellular differentiation and reprogramming and broader biological processes through high-throughput single-cell sequencing experiments.
Light regulates widespread plant alternative polyadenylation through the chloroplast
Authors: Kubaczka M. Guillermina , Godoy Herz Micaela A. , Chen Wei-Chun , Zheng Dinghai , Petrillo Ezequiel , Tian Bin , Kornblihtt Alberto R.
Published: August 2024

Transcription of eukaryotic protein-coding genes generates immature mRNAs that are subjected to a series of processing events, including capping, splicing, cleavage, and polyadenylation (CPA), and chemical modifications of bases. Alternative polyadenylation (APA) greatly contributes to mRNA diversity in the cell. By determining the length of the 3’ untranslated region, APA generates transcripts with different regulatory elements, such as miRNA and RBP binding sites, which can influence mRNA stability, turnover, and translation. In the model plant
Arabidopsis thaliana
, APA is involved in the control of seed dormancy and flowering. In view of the physiological importance of APA in plants, we decided to investigate the effects of light/dark conditions and compare the underlying mechanisms to those elucidated for alternative splicing (AS). We found that light controls APA in approximately 30% of
Arabidopsis
genes. Similar to AS, the effect of light on APA requires functional chloroplasts, is not affected in mutants of the phytochrome and cryptochrome photoreceptor pathways, and is observed in roots only when the communication with the photosynthetic tissues is not interrupted. Furthermore, mitochondrial and TOR kinase activities are necessary for the effect of light. However, unlike AS, coupling with transcriptional elongation does not seem to be involved since light-dependent APA regulation is neither abolished in mutants of the TFIIS transcript elongation factor nor universally affected by chromatin relaxation caused by histone deacetylase inhibition. Instead, regulation seems to correlate with changes in the abundance of constitutive CPA factors, also mediated by the chloroplast.
Sustainable H
2
O
2
production via solution plasma catalysis
Authors: Liang Shuang , Wu Qi , Wang Changhua , Wang Rui , Li Dashuai , Xing Yanmei , Jin Dexin , Ma He , Liu Yichun , Zhang Peng , Zhang Xintong
Published: August 2024

Clean production of hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
) with water, oxygen, and renewable energy is considered an important green synthesis route, offering a valuable substitute for the traditional anthraquinone method. Currently, renewable energy–driven production of H
2
O
2
mostly relies on soluble additives, such as electrolytes and sacrificial agents, inevitably compromising the purity and sustainability of H
2
O
2
. Herein, we develop a solution plasma catalysis technique that eliminates the need for soluble additives, enabling eco-friendly production of concentrated H
2
O
2
directly from water and O
2
. Screening over 40 catalysts demonstrates the superior catalytic performance of carbon nitride interacting with discharge plasma in water. High-throughput density functional theory calculations for 68 models, along with machine learning using 29 descriptors, identify cyano carbon nitride (CCN) as the most efficient catalyst. Solution plasma catalysis with the CCN achieves concentrated H
2
O
2
of 20 mmol L
−1
, two orders of magnitude higher than photocatalysis by the same catalyst. Plasma diagnostics, isotope labeling, and COMSOL simulations collectively validate that the interplay of solution plasma and the CCN accounts for the significantly increased production of singlet oxygen and H
2
O
2
thereafter. Our findings offer an efficient and sustainable pathway for H
2
O
2
production, promising wide-ranging applications across the chemical industry, public health, and environmental remediation.
Impact of Mental Health Court Diversion on Reoffending: A Direct Comparison of Diverted and Undiverted Groups
Authors: Soon Yin-Lan , Singh Sara , Greenberg David , Rae Natasha , Korobanova Daria , Dixon Carolynn , Dean Kimberlie
Published: August 2024

Mental health court diversionary programs are a key strategy to address over-representation of individuals with a mental illness in the criminal justice system. The study examined 2,476 individuals identified as eligible for mental health court diversion by the Statewide Community and Court Liaison Service (SCCLS) in New South Wales (NSW), Australia and compared reoffending of those granted and not granted court diversion. Individuals not diverted had 43% higher reoffending rate than those granted diversion. Predictors of non-diversion and reoffending included younger age, being male, Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander background, primary personality and/or substance use diagnosis and non-violent offence charges.
Loss of ARID3A perturbs intestinal epithelial proliferation–differentiation ratio and regeneration
Authors: Angelis Nikolaos , Baulies Anna , Hubl Florian , Kucharska Anna , Kelly Gavin , Llorian Miriam , Boeing Stefan , Li Vivian S.W.
Published: August 2024

Intestinal stem cells at the crypt divide and give rise to progenitor cells that proliferate and differentiate into various mature cell types in the transit-amplifying (TA) zone. Here, we showed that the transcription factor ARID3A regulates intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation at the TA progenitors. ARID3A forms an expression gradient from the villus tip to the upper crypt mediated by TGF-β and WNT. Intestinal-specific deletion of Arid3a reduces crypt proliferation, predominantly in TA cells. Bulk and single-cell transcriptomic analysis shows increased enterocyte and reduced secretory differentiation in the Arid3a cKO intestine, accompanied by enriched upper-villus gene signatures of both cell lineages. We find that the enhanced epithelial differentiation in the Arid3a-deficient intestine is caused by increased binding and transcription of HNF1 and HNF4. Finally, we show that loss of Arid3a impairs irradiation-induced regeneration with sustained cell death and reprogramming. Our findings imply that Arid3a functions to fine-tune the proliferation–differentiation dynamics at the TA progenitors, which are essential for injury-induced regeneration.
A path forward for Staphylococcus aureus vaccine development
Authors: Fritz Stephanie A. , Bubeck Wardenburg Juliane
Published: August 2024

The pursuit of a vaccine to quell Staphylococcus aureus disease has been unfruitful. In this Viewpoint, we explore the biological linkage between microbial niche acquisition and host immunity as a basis to guide future vaccine efforts.
Fermion condensates induced by axial interactions and cosmological implications
Authors: Capolupo A , Quaranta A
Published: August 2024

We reveal the presence of a new source of axial current due to the condensed vacuum generated by the spin–spin interaction. To show this, we consider a quartic Dirac Lagrangian containing a spin–spin interaction term, possibly originating from torsion in Einstein–Cartan-like theories. We use a mean field approach to analyze the quantized theory. We show that the diagonalization of the field Hamiltonian defines a new vacuum state, energetically favored with respect to the free vacuum. Such a vacuum, which is a condensate of particle-antiparticle pairs, is characterized by a nontrivial expectation value of the axial current operator. The new source of axial current, here obtained, can have effects both at the atomic level and at the astrophysical–cosmological level depending on the origin of the spin–spin interaction term. The condensate spontaneously breaks Lorentz symmetry, therefore it implies the possibility of CPT violation in the early universe. Furthermore the condensate induces a new source term in the gravitational field equations and may affect the dark sector of the Universe at cosmological level.
Fault diagnosis method of rolling bearing based on noise reduction enhanced multi-frequency scale network
Authors: Kong Dewen , Zhan Hongfei , Yu Junhe , Wang Rui
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Currently, data-driven deep learning methods have attracted much attention in the field of bearing fault diagnosis. Nonetheless, the existing rolling bearing fault methods suffer from insufficient fault feature extraction capability when dealing with variable operating conditions and strong noise environments. Therefore, this paper proposes a noise reduction enhanced multi-frequency scale network model-bidirectional long short-term memory network based on the collected bearing vibration data source. The noise embedded in the original vibration signals under different working conditions is effectively removed by designing an adaptive threshold noise reduction module. To comprehensively explore fault information within the vibration signals, a combined strategy of ordinary convolution and dilated convolution is proposed to cross-extract signal features across high, medium, and low multi-frequency scales. Simultaneously, a self-attention mechanism mode is integrated into the traditional channel attention mechanism to augment the model’s focus on multichannel and internal features, addressing the challenge of incomplete feature extraction under complex working conditions. Furthermore, the output mechanism is optimized and reacquired to grasp the intrinsic links between the combined fault characteristics. This process enhances the model’s discriminative power for early bearing faults and its generalization ability to accommodate data from diverse working conditions, thereby facilitating accurate diagnosis of bearing faults. Comparison and ablation experiments are conducted on multiple aero-engine rolling bearing datasets, validating the superior noise-resistant diagnostic performance of the method proposed in this paper under complex working conditions, which offers significant advantages compared to other methods.
MSTKernel Net: a rolling bearing intelligent diagnosis framework based on short-time time–frequency convolution
Authors: Pan Huilin , Jiao Weidong , Dong Zhilin , Rehman Attiq Ur , Lin Daxuan , Wang Wenjie , Sun Jianfeng , Jiang Yonghua
Published: August 2024

Monitoring rotating machinery is a key task in modern production processes. The emergence of deep learning technology has significantly improved the performance of intelligent diagnosis systems for such machinery. However, despite the commendable performance of many existing frameworks, they lack transparency, which hinders their interpretability in fault diagnosis based on directional signals. This study addresses this challenge by delving into the fault features present in vibration signals and designing a convolutional module specifically tailored to these characteristics, modularized short time–frequency kernel (MSTKernel). This innovative framework, MSTKernel Network, employs convolutional neural networks for feature extraction, simulating the time–frequency sliding process through convolutional properties while preserving temporal features and enriching fault diagnosis information. Through experimental data testing and visualization of convolutional kernel characteristics, we evaluate the potential of this framework to significantly enhance the fault diagnosis capability of rolling bearings, demonstrating its practicality and effectiveness in real-world applications.
LED-based standard source for spectral radiance with high uniform luminance plane
Authors: Godo Kenji , Nakazawa Yuri
Published: August 2024

A standard source for spectral radiance is necessary for instruments, such as spectral radiance meters, which measure luminance and color of displays. Nevertheless, unavailability of practical transfer standard sources for spectral radiance has long presented difficulties for manufacturers. To overcome the difficulty of spectral radiance traceability chain, the National Metrology Institute of Japan has developed an LED-based standard source for spectral radiance by combining a broadband LED module and a luminance homogenizer. The developed standard LED achieved average luminance of approximately 10 000 cd m−2 at 160 mA operating current. The spectrum is spread over the entire visible range using the broadband LED module as a source. With the new luminance homogenizer, the luminance variation on the aperture plane was achieved as 0.1% within 10 mm diameter (1σ). The plane uniformity and the uniform area size are striking, improving the plane uniformity of traditional ribbon filament lamps and beyond that of a portable integrating sphere source. Using the standard LED, manufacturers are expected to obtain new convenient traceability schemes while profiting from their high practicality.
Few-layer Bi2O2Se: a promising candidate for high-performance near-room-temperature thermoelectric applications
Authors: Yip Weng Hou , Fu Qundong , Wu Jing , Hippalgaonkar Kedar , Liu Zheng , Wang Xingli , Boutchich Mohamed , Tay Beng Kang
Published: August 2024

Advancements in high-temperature thermoelectric (TE) materials have been substantial, yet identifying promising near-room-temperature candidates for efficient power generation from low-grade waste heat or TE cooling applications has become critical but proven exceedingly challenging. Bismuth oxyselenide (Bi2O2Se) emerges as an ideal candidate for near-room-temperature energy harvesting due to its low thermal conductivity, high carrier mobility and remarkable air-stability. In this study, the TE properties of few-layer Bi2O2Se over a wide temperature range (20–380 K) are investigated, where a charge transport mechanism transitioning from polar optical phonon to piezoelectric scattering at 140 K is observed. Moreover, the Seebeck coefficient (S) increases with temperature up to 280 K then stabilizes at

∼

−

200 μV K−1 through 380 K. Bi2O2Se demonstrates high mobility (450 cm2V−1s−1) within the optimum power factor (PF) window, despite its

T

−
1.25

dependence. The high mobility compensates the minor reduction in carrier density n
2D hence contributes to maintain a robust electrical conductivity

∼

3 × 104 S m−1. This results in a remarkable PF of 860 μW m−1K−2 at 280 K without the necessity for gating (V
g = 0 V), reflecting the innate performance of the as-grown material. These results underscore the considerable promise of Bi2O2Se for room temperature TE applications.
A wideband model to evaluate the dielectric properties of biological tissues from magnetic resonance acquisitions
Authors: Liporace Flavia , Cavagnaro Marta
Published: August 2024

Objective. Aim of this work is to illustrate and experimentally validate a model to evaluate the dielectric properties of biological tissues on a wide frequency band using the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique. Approach. The dielectric behaviour of biological tissues depends on frequency, according to the so-called relaxation mechanisms. The adopted model derives the dielectric properties of biological tissues in the frequency range 10 MHz–20 GHz considering the presence of two relaxation mechanisms whose parameters are determined from quantities derived from MRI acquisitions. In particular, the MRI derived quantities are the water content and the dielectric properties of the tissue under study at the frequency of the MR scanner. Main results. The model was first theoretically validated on muscle and fat using literature data in the frequency range 10 MHz–20 GHz. Results showed capabilities of reconstructing dielectric properties with errors within 16%. Then the model was applied to ex vivo muscle and liver tissues, comparing the MRI-derived properties with data measured by the open probe technique in the frequency range 10 MHz–3 GHz, showing promising results. Significance. The use of medical techniques based on the application of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) is significantly increasing. To provide safe and effective treatments, it is necessary to know how human tissues react to the applied EMF. Since this information is embedded in the dielectric properties of biological tissues, an accurate and precise dielectric characterization is needed. Biological tissues are heterogenous, and their characteristics depend on several factors. Consequently, it is necessary to characterize dielectric properties in vivo for each specific patient. While this aim cannot be reached with traditional measurement techniques, through the adopted model these properties can be reconstructed in vivo on a wide frequency band from non-invasive MRI acquisitions.
Performance evaluation of a novel semi-active absorption and isolation co-control strategy with magnetorheological seat suspension for commercial vehicle
Authors: Li Pingyang , Dong Xiaomin , Ran Jinchao , Fei Zhenyang , Wu Lifan , Xu Di
Published: August 2024

Vibration isolation performance of seat suspension plays a critical role in protection of drive’s physical health as the last barrier. In this paper, the integrated magnetorheological (MR) dynamic tuned mass damper (TMD) is firstly designed and utilized into seat suspension. A semi-active co-control algorithm with MR damper and MR TMD is designed, analyzed and validated by comparative experiments. The dynamic models of two MR devices have been tested and fitted. Comparing with simulation and experimental results under various excitations and control conditions, this co-control algorithm with MR TMD is validated to be highly effective. The transmissibility at resonance frequency reaches to 0.81 which is less than 1. This phenomenon has hardly been investigated in seat suspension. It illustrates that resonance has been suppressed and improved significantly. The peak acceleration decreases to 1.19 m s−2 with a reduction of 57.2%, in contrast to passive condition with MR damper. The comfort index is increased by 45.6% under random excitation than passive condition. According to these comparisons, the vibration isolation property and comfort of seat suspension can be further improved by the proposed co-control algorithm with two MR devices.
TNSA based proton acceleration by two oblique laser pulses in the presence of an axial magnetic field
Authors: Khan Imran , Saxena Vikrant
Published: August 2024

We employ two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations to examine, in detail, the effect of a kilo-Tesla magnetic field applied along the normal of a flat TNSA target on the cutoff energy of protons/ions. The two cases of (i) normally incident single laser pulse, and (ii) two obliquely incident laser pulses are thoroughly examined. It is shown that the two-oblique-pulse configuration combined with an external magnetic field results in a stronger enhancement (56 MeV–75 MeV) in the protons’ cutoff energies than the normally incident single laser pulse with an external magnetic field (19 MeV–24 MeV). This combination of two-oblique laser pulses along with a kilo-Tesla level external magnetic field is therefore found to be highly effective in accelerating protons/ions in the TNSA regime.