bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptação da Escala de Crenças Disfuncionais face à Maternidade para a população portuguesa: Estudos psicométricos
Authors: Costa Ana Catarina , Rodrigues Sofia , Canavarro Maria Cristina , Fonseca Ana
Published: June 2018

As atitudes disfuncionais face à maternidade têm sido apontadas como um fator de risco para a depressão pós-parto. O objetivo deste estudo foi adaptar a Escala de Atitudes Face à Maternidade (EAM), que avalia as atitudes disfuncionais face à maternidade, para a população portuguesa, e avaliar as suas qualidades psicométricas. Para tal, utilizou-se uma amostra de 387 mulheres no período pós-parto, que responderam, num estudo transversal, à EAM e a outros questionários de autorresposta. A análise fatorial confirmatória revelou como mais adequado um modelo tridimensional, semelhante à estrutura original do instrumento: Crenças Relacionadas com o Julgamento dos Outros, Crenças Relacionadas com a Responsabilidade Materna e Crenças Relacionadas com a Idealização do Papel Materno. Além disso, a EAM associou-se de forma significativa à sintomatologia depressiva e aos pensamentos automáticos negativos gerais e no pós-parto, mostrando a sua validade convergente, e apresentou boa consistência interna para a pontuação total e para as suas dimensões, à exceção da dimensão Crenças Relacionadas com a Responsabilidade Materna.De forma geral, a versão portuguesa da EAM apresentou bons níveis de fidelidade e validade, pelo que constitui um instrumento útil na avaliação das atitudes disfuncionais face à maternidade.
Information, Media and Technology Skills Competency Scale: A validity and reliability study
Bilgi, Medya ve Teknoloji Becerileri Yeterlilik Ölçeği: Geçerlilik ve güvenirlik çalışması
Authors: Hazar Esin
Published: June 2018

In this research, it was aimed to develop a valid and reliable instrument that will evaluate the competences of secondary and high school students in information, media and technology skills. The study was conducted on two separate sample groups consisting of a total of 731 secondary and high school students in the 2017-2018 academic year. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were applied for the construct validity of the data obtained from the measurements. As a result of EFA, a construct consisting of 23 items and six factors explaining 66.44% of the total variance was obtained. Factors obtained are; Communication and Collaboration, Programming, Problem Solving, Digital Content Development, Information and Data Literacy and Security. Findings from the CFA showed that 23 items and six sub factors of the scale have adequate fit indices. The reliability of the instrument was tested by the Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient and independent t test conducted by calculating the mean scores of the top 27% (individuals with high levels of measured characteristics) of the group and the sub 27% (individuals with low levels of measured characteristics) of the group calculated reliability coefficients are determined to be within the acceptable limits.When the validity and reliability analysis results are considered, the scale can be said to be a valid and a reliable instrument. Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.ÖzetBu araştırmada ortaokul ve lise öğrencilerinin bilgi, medya ve teknoloji becerilerine ait yeterliliklerini ölçecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma 2017-2018 eğitim-öğretim yılında toplam 731 öğrenciden oluşan farklı iki grup üzerinde yapılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen verilerin yapı geçerliği için Açıklayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA) ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) uygulanmıştır. Açıklayıcı Faktör Analizi neticesinde toplam varyansın %66.44’ünü açıklayan, 23 madde ve altı faktörden oluşan bir yapı elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen faktörler; İletişim ve İşbirliği, Programlama, Problem Çözme, Dijital İçerik Geliştirme, Bilgi ve Veri Okuryazarlığı ve Güvenlik olarak isimlendirilmiştir. Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizinden elde edilen bulgular, Bilgi, Medya ve Teknoloji Becerileri Yeterlilik Ölçeğine ilişkin 23 madde ve altı faktörlü yapının yeterli uyum değerlerine sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Faktörlerden elde edilen ölçümlerin güvenirliğinin analizi için Cronbach Alfa ve %27’lik altüst grup karşılaştırmalarına yer verilmiştir ve hesaplanan güvenirlik katsayılarının kabul edilebilir sınırlar içerisinde olduğu görülmüştür. Bu bulgulara dayanarak, Bilgi, Medya ve Teknoloji Becerileri Yeterlilik Ölçeğinin geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu söylenebilir.
Re-Deskripsi Teripang Stichopus hermanii Dari Kepulauan Karimunjawa Melalui Analisa Morfologi, Anatomi Dan Spikula (Ossicles)
Authors: Hartati Retno , Widianingsih Widianingsih , Fatimah Umi
Published: June 2018

Holothuroidea atau yang lebih dikenal dengan sebutan teripang laut atau timun laut merupakan salah satu kelas dari Echinodermata. Penampakan morfologi teripang yang hampir mirip satu dengan yang lain mengakibatkan sering terjadi kekeliruan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji lebih jauh tentang identifikasi Stichopus hermanii berdasarkan morfologi, anatomi serta bentuk dan komposisi spikula yang terdapat pada teripang Stichopus hermanii. Hasil pengamatan morfologi berdasarkan bentuk, corak dan warna serta tipe spikula menunjukkan bahwa Stichopus hermanii berwarna teripang berukuran besar dengan panjang mencapai 50 cm. Teripang ini berwarna kuning-kecoklatan dan pada papila kecil terdapat bercak keabu-abuan di seluruh permukaan tubuh dan bagian dorsal yang berbuku-buku. Bentuk dan komposisi spikula didominasi oleh bentuk roset dan meja dengan bentuk kaki empat.Kata kunci : teripang, Stichopus hermanii, re-deskripsi, morfologi, anatomi, spikula (ossicle)Holothuroidea well-known as sea cucumbers is one class of Echinoderm. Morphology of sea cucumbers are almost similar to each other resulting in frequent error of identification. This study aims to re-describe of Stichopus hermanii based its on morphology, anatomy and the form and composition of the spicules. Results of morphological description based on shape, pattern and color as well as the type of spicules shows that Stichopus hermanii has yelow brownish color. The shape and composition of the spicules is dominated by a rosette shape and a table with four legs form.Keywords : teripang, Stichopus hermanii, re-description, morphology, anatomy, spicule (ossicle)
Potensi Hot Water Extract Rumput Laut Caulerpa sp. dan Sargassum Sebagai Komponen Immunonutrisi Pada Budidaya Udang Vannamei (Litopenaeus vanamei)
Authors: Subagiyo Subagiyo , Fatichah Dyah Ismi
Published: June 2018

Immunonutisi adalah nutrient spesifik yang mampu memodulasi aktivitas sistem immun. Ada tiga target untuk immunonutrisi diantaranya adalah sistem pertahanan seluler. Pada udang sistem pertahanan seluler bertumpu pada aktivitas fagositosis hemosit. Pada penelitian ini dikaji potensi hot water extract rumput laut Caulerpa sp dan Sargassum sp sebagai immunonutrisi pada budidaya udang vanamei berdasarkan jumlah total dan aktivitas fagositosis hemosit udang vanamei. Percobaan telah dilakukan dengan cara memberi makan udang dengan pakan udang yang diperkaya dengan hot water extract rumput laut Caulerpa sp dan Sargassum sp. Ekstrak rumput laut diberikan pada konsentrasi 1 % (10 g/kg pakan). Udang diberi pakan sebanyak 5 % berat badan sehari yang diberikan dalam 3 kali pemberian pakan (pagi siang dan malam). Darah udang (hemolimfe) diambil setiap 4 hari sekai selama 2 minggu. Setiap kali pengambilan darah dilanjutkan dengan penghitungan jumlah total hemosit dan pengukuran aktivitas fagositosis hemosit. Data sekunder mengenai kandungan nutrisi dan komponen fungsional ekstrak Caulerpa dan Sargassum digunakan untuk mendukung hasil percobaan potensi rumput laut sebagai sumber immunonutrisi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa hot water extract rumput laut mempunyai potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai sumber immunonutrisi untuk budidaya udang. Hal ini ditunjukan oleh percobaan pemberian pakan udang yang diperkaya dengan ekstrak Caulerpa sp dan Sargassum sp mampu meningkatkan jumlah total dan aktivitas fagositosis hemosit udang vanamei. Data sekunder menunjukan bahwa Caulerpa dan Sargassum kaya akan sulphated polysaccharide, asam amino esensial, mineral dan vitamin yang semuanya berperan dalam menstimulasi sistem immunitas.Kata kunci : immunonutrisi, ekstrak rumput laut, sistem pertahanan seluler, udang vanamei
Penyebaran Limbah Air Panas PLTU Di Kolam Pelabuhan Semarang
Authors: Subardjo Petrus , Ario Raden
Published: June 2018

Kolam Pelabuhan Tambak Lorok Semarang yang terletak di pantai utara Pulau Jawa telah mengalami perkembangan yang cukup pesat dalam menunjang aktivitas bidang industri. Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) Tambak Lorok merupakan salah satu industri yang membuang limbah panas ke perairan sekitarnya. Pembuangan limbah air panas ini berpengaruh langsung terhadap suhu lingkungan perairan. Penelitian yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus – Oktober 2012 ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola sebaran panas akibat limbah panas dari PLTU di Kolam Pelabuhan Tambak Lorok Semarang. Metode samplng purposif dilakukan dengan menetapkan sejumlah stasiun dengan pertimbangan yang ditetapkan berdasarkan tujuan penelitian. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di delapan titik lokasi penelitian dengan pengumpulan data berupa suhu yang merupakan variabel kontrol. Data sebaran suhu dari kanal pendingin yang diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan program Surface Water Modeling System (SMS) sehingga menghasilkan peta sebaran panas. Hasil pemetaan sebaran menunjukkan bahwa pola sebaran panas di Kolam Pelabuhan Tambak Lorok Semarang menuju ke arah timur pada bulan Agustus 2012, kemudian ke arah barat laut di bulan September 2012, dan ke arah timur laut pada bulan Oktober 2012. Pola sebaran panas paling tinggi hanya terjadi pada daerah outlet dan semakin turun ketika menjauhi outlet karena pengaruh arus dan semakin bertambahnya kedalaman perairan. Kata kunci: Limbah, Panas, PLTU, Pelabuhan
Pola Persebaran Limbah Air Panas PLTU Di Kolam Pelabuhan Tambak Lorok Semarang
Authors: Subardjo Petrus , Ario Raden , Handoyo Gentur
Published: June 2018

Tambak Lorok terletak di pantai utara Jawa Tengah telah mengalami perkembangan yang cukup pesat dalam bidang industri. Industri-industri tersebut berpeluang untuk berpotensi mencemari perairan sekitarnya. Salah satu industri yang ada di wilayah Tambak Lorok adalah Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap atau PLTU Tambak Lorok yang membuang limbah panas ke perairan sekitarnya. Pembuangan limbah panas akan memberikan pengaruh terhadap kondisi lingkungan perairan terutama suhu perairan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola sebaran panas akibat limbah panas dari PLTU di Kolam Pelabuhan Tambak Lorok Semarang. Sampling dengan tujuan tertentu atau purposive samplng methods dilakukan untuk mencari data sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian. Pendekatan permasalahan dilakukan dengan penetapan sejumlah stasiun dengan pertimbangan yang ditetapkan berdasarkan tujuan penelitian. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan mengambil pada beberapa titik lokasi dengan pengumpulan data berupa suhu yang merupakan variabel kontrol. Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan program Surface Modelling System (SMS) sehingga menghasilkan peta sebaran panas. Hasil pemetaan sebaran menunjukkan bahwa pola sebaran panas di Kolam Pelabuhan Tambak Lorok Semarang menuju ke arah timur pada bulan Agustus 2012, kemudian ke arah barat laut di bulan September 2012, dan ke arah timur laut pada bulan Oktober 2012. Pola sebaran panas paling tinggi hanya terjadi pada daerah outlet dan semakin turun ketika menjauhi outlet karena pengaruh arus dan semakin bertambahnya kedalaman perairan.     Kata Kunci  : Suhu, SMS, PLTU, Tambak Lorok
Pertumbuhan ikan Nila Larasati (Oreochromis niloticus) di Tambak dengan Pemberian Ransum Pakan dan Padat Penebaran yang Berbeda
Authors: Djunaedi Ali , Pribadi Rudhi , Hartati Retno , Redjeki Sri , Astuti Retno W. , Septiarani Bintang
Published: June 2018

Red Nile Tilapia  of Larasati strain (Oreochromis niloticus)have capability to digest feed quite efficient, able to grow faster and diseases resistant.  They are also tolerant to high salinity and more resilent to environmental change, therefore very prospecytive to be cultivated in tambaks (brackishwater pond).  The objective of present work was to determine the effect of larvae stocking density and feed ration on the growth and survival rate of Nile Tilapia in brackishwater pond. The larvae was hacthed in freshwater and acclimatized gradually in brackishwater media and then reared ini cage size of 1x1x1,5meter3with different food ration (3, 5 and 7% body weight)andstocking density of 10, 15, 20 indv./m2).The result showed that the more food ration gave the better growth rate of larvae in stocking density of 10 and 15 indv./m2, the best food ration in 20 indv./m2 was 5% body weight. Upon that result it is recommended to  stock the alvae at level of 20 indv./meter and gave food of 5% per body weight.  The treatments was not influenced the survival rate of fish cultured.  Keywords :Fish Nila Larasati , growth, feed ration, stocking density  Ikan Nila Larasati memiliki kemampuan mencerna makanan secara efisien, memiliki pertumbuhan yang cepat serta lebih resisten terhadap penyakit, daya adaptasi luas dan toleransinya yang tinggi terhadap berbagai kondisi lingkungan sehingga prospektif dibudidaya di tambak.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan kajian tentang pengaruh padat tebar dan ransum pakan terhadap pertumbuhan dan kelulushidupan ikan Nila Larasati yang dipelihara pada tambak air payau.  Ikan Nila Larasati dibenihkan di lingkungan air tawar dan diaklimatisasi secara bertahap di media air payau sebelum digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Percobaan pemeliharaan ikan Nila Larasati dilakukan pada karamba berukuran 1x1x1,5meter3dengan ransum pakan(3, 5 dan 7% bobot biomasa ikan) dan padat penebaran yang berbeda (10, 15, 20 ekor/m2).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian ransum pakan harian baik 3, 5 dan 7% perhari pada ikan nila dengan kepadatan 5, 10 dan 20 ekor/meter menunjukkan hasil pertumbuhan berat mutlak yang relatif baik, namun untuk efisiensi pakan disarankan untuk melakukan penebaran 20 ekor/meter dengan ransum 5% berat biomasa ikan perhari. Kelulushidupan ikan Nila Larasati tidak dipengaruhi oleh perlakuan.  Kata Kunci : Ikan Nila Larasati , pertumbuhan, pakan, padat penebaran
Konsentrasi Klorofil-a dan Keterkaitannya dengan Nutrient N, P di Perairan Jepara : Studi Perbandingan Perairan Muara Sungai Wiso dan Serang
Authors: Maslukah Lilik , Wulandari Sri Yulina , Budi Prasetyawan Indra
Published: June 2018

The existenece of nutrient is highly affected by human activities and causing the amount of chlorophyll-a which is the indicator of water fertility. Muara Wiso is a location located in the urban center of Jepara while Serang estuary is mostly impacted by agriculture activities in the upper area. This study has compared the concentration of chlrorophyll-a and its association with N and P nutrients in the two different environmental conditions in Jepara waters. Nutrient N was determined as a nitrite ion using the sulphanilamide method after it was reduced using a reduction column. P was determined as orthophosphate using ascorbic acid and chlorophyll-a method which were extracted from water sample filtrate, using 90% acetone. The results showed that the mean of N, P concentration of Wiso estuary was 1.3285 ± 0.33 mg N/l, 0.4723 ± 0.27 mg P/l and Serang estuary was 0.0172 ± 0.005 mg N/l, 0.3813 ± 0.21 mg P/l. The N/P ratio of Serang estuary has a higher value than Wiso.This condition caused the chlorophyll-a concentration at Serang estuary is twice higher than at Wiso. The abundance of chlorophyll-a concentration at Serang estuary is more affected by higher nutrient load of N.AbstrakKeberadaan nutrien sangat dipengaruhi oleh aktivitas manusia dan dapat menyebabkan tingginya nilai konsentrasi klorofil-a yang merupakan indikator kesuburan perairan. Muara Wiso merupakan lokasi yang terletak di pusat perkotaan Jepara, sedangkan muara Serang lebih mendapatkan pengaruh dari aktivitas pertanian di daerah hulunya. Penelitian ini telah membandingkan konsentrasi klorofil-a dan keterkaitannya dengan nutrient N dan P pada dua kondisi lingkungan yang berbeda di perairan Jepara. Nutrien N ditentukan sebagai ion nitrit menggunakan metode sulphanilamide setelah direduksi menggunakan kolom reduksi. P ditentukan sebagai orthophosphate menggunakan metode asam askorbit dan klorofil-a diekstrak dari filtrate sampel air yang diekstrak menggunakan aseton 90%. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa rerata konsentrasi N, P di muara Wiso 1.3285±0.33 mg N/l, 0.4723±0.27 mg P/l dan di muara Serang 0.0172±0.005 mg N/l, 0.3813±0.21 mg P/l. Rasio N/P muara Serang mempunyai nilai lebih tinggi dibanding Wiso. Kondisi ini menyebabkan konsentrasi klorofil-a muara Serang dua kali lebih tinggi dibanding Wiso. Tingginya klorofil-a di muara Serang lebih dipengaruhi nilai beban nutrient N yang lebih tinggi.
Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri Pembentuk Biofilm dari Tambak Udang Balai Besar Pengembangan Budidaya Air Payau Jepara untuk Menghilangkan Amoniak
Authors: Azizah Ria , Riniatsih Ita , Pringgenis Delianis , Suryono Chrisna Adhi , Suryono Suryono
Published: June 2018

Brackish water shrimp aquaculture activities often result in organic waste from excess of unconsumed foodstuff and biological waste from shrimp biological waste. The high organic contents increase the levels of ammonia, which is toxic to shrimp and many other aqua lives. One of the most widely used organic material biodegradation system as biofilters, biofilm has not yet seen many uses in shrimp aquafarm waste management. This study aims to isolate and screen biofilm-forming primary bacteria with abilities to degrade ammoniacal nitrogen compounds. The processes involved in this study are location survey, wooden and fiber panel installation, planting of panel in the ponds, isolation of bacteria by dispersion method, purification of primary bacteria by scratch method. Ammoniacal nitrogen degradation test was performed by Microwell Plate Chromatogram Assay and UV-Vis Spectrophotometry. The analysis of the bacteria isolates found 66 primary bacteria with biofilm formation abilities. Based on qualitative analysis, 20 isolates displayed potential in degrading ammoniacal nitrogen compound and 7 isolates showed low (<10%) capacity in degrading ammoniacal nitrogen.  Key words: biofilm-forming primary bacteria, ammoniacal nitrogen, degradation  Kegiatan budidaya udang di tambak akan menghasilkan limbah organik yang berasal dari sisa pakan yang tidak termakan maupun kotoran udang. Kandungan bahan organik yang tinggi akan meningkatkan kandungan amonia yang bersifat  toksik bagi udang dan biota air lainnya. Salah satu sistem biodegradasi bahan organik yang telah banyak digunakan sebagai bioﬁlter namun belum dimanfaatkan dalam pengolahan limbah organik tambak udang adalah bioﬁlm. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengisolasi dan skrining bakteri primer pembentuk bioﬁlm yang mampu mendegradasi senyawa amonia nitrogen. Untuk  mencapai tujuan tersebut, maka beberapa tahap penelitian yang telah dilakukan adalah survei lokasi tambak udang, pemasangan panel bahan kayu dan ﬁber,  penanaman panel dalam badan air tambak, mengisolasi bakteri dengan metode  sebaran, puriﬁkasi bakteri primer pembentuk bioﬁlm dengan metode goresan. Uji oksidasi amonium nitrogen dilakukan secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan metode Micro well plate chromatogram assay dan UV-Vis Spektrofotometer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil isolasi diperoleh sebanyak 66 isolat bakteri primer pembentuk bioﬁlm. Berdasarkan uji kualitatif diperoleh 20 isolat yang memiliki potensi mendegradasi senyawa amoniurn nitrogen. Namun hasil uji kuantitatif bakteri seleksi pendegradasi amonium nitrogen menunjukkan 7 isolat yang memiliki kemampuan rendah (< 10%) mendegradasi amonium nitrogen.  Kata kunci: bakteri primer pembentuk bioﬁlm, amonia nitrogen, degradasi
Z nowych badań nad dialogiem Sokratejskim
Authors: Torbus Sławomir
Published: June 2018

Livio Rossetti, Le dialogue socratique, Éditions Les Belles Lettres, Paris 2011, ss. 296.
Zdekonstruować Metafizykę Arystotelesa
Authors: Wesoły Marian
Published: June 2018

Jan Bigaj, Zrozumieć metafizykę. Tom I: Rozszyfrowanie dzieła zwanego ‘Metafizyką’ Arystotelesa, Część 1: Bibliofilska kompilacja i jej skutki, Toruń 2004 (ss. 339); Część 2: Elementy składowe i ich pochodzenie. Księgi centralne, Toruń 2005 (ss. 516).
Are Zeno’s Arguments Unsound Paradoxes?
Authors: Calenda Guido
Published: June 2018

Zeno’s arguments are generally regarded as ingenious but downright unsound paradoxes, worth of attention mainly to disclose why they go wrong or, alternatively, to recognise them as clever, even if crude, anticipations of modern views on the space, the infinite or the quantum view of matter. In either case, the arguments lose any connection with the scientific and philosophical problems of Zeno’s own time and environment. In the present paper, I argue that it is possible to make sense of Zeno’s arguments if we recognise that Zeno was indeed a close follower of Parmenides, who wanted to show that, if the plurality of beings existed, then various absurd consequences would follow. He intended to highlight the compact and inarticulate nature of the being, and the human character of the system of world partitions producing the entities and the objects on which our knowledge is based.
Hegel on Byzantium and the Question of Hegelian Neoplatonism
Authors: Arabatzis Georges
Published: June 2018

The article examines how Hegel’s negative view of Byzantium is different from the Enlightenment’s critique and especially from Voltaire’s criticism of medieval history. In order to account for the Hegelian specificity of interpretation an effort is made to translate the chapter on Byzantium from the Philosophy of History in terms of the analysis of the Phenomenology of the Spirit and, more precisely, on the basis of the chapters on sensible certitude and on the domination and servitude. Considering that for Hegel every philosophical school possesses an autonomous value, one has to wonder why the Byzantine moment of the Spirit is destined to stagnation. The question about Hegel’s Neoplatonism, especially his affiliation with Proclus’s system, shows how the distance separating the Hegelian system from the Proclusian one explains the inadequacy of the latter as to drawing the consequences from the Byzantine spiritual stagnation.
Byzantine Philosophy B’
Authors: Viglas Katelis S.
Published: June 2018

Linos G. Benakis, Byzantine Philosophy Β’, Athens 2013, pp. 544.
The Historical Antecedents of Platonism: The Role of the Presocratics According to the Neoplatonists
Authors: Motta Anna
Published: June 2018

One of the aims of the Neoplatonists is to demonstrate that ancient Presocratic thought is, in fact, a Preplatonic thought. According to the Neoplatonists, Presocratics, who were not far from the truth, employed an inaccurate and ambiguous language, whereas Plato spoke about the truth in a more appropriate and clear way. That is why the Presocratics are not necessarily erroneous and their theoretical originality and their terminology can be incorporated into the Neoplatonic philosophy. I would like to show how some Presocratic theories are embedded in the Neoplatonic metaphysical system of the three Hypostases. Regarding the One and the Intellect, Plotinus, Proclus and the Anonymous Author of the Prolegomena to Platonic Philosophy read and employ some Presocratic texts in order to harmonize the Platonic and the Presocratic accounts. Although the Neoplatonists see themselves as continuing the Greek philosophical tradition started by the Presocratics, their interpretation of Presocratic thought illustrates the birth of exegetic philosophy which is able to apply ancient concepts and predicates to its own metaphysical theory.
Olympiodorus and Damascius on the Philosopher’s Practice of Dying in Plato’s Phaedo
Authors: Mouzala Melina G.
Published: June 2018

This paper presents Olympiodorus’ and Damascius’ explanations of the philosopher’s practice of dying in Plato’s Phaedo. It also includes a presentation of Ammonius’ exegesis of the practice of death (meletē thanatou). The Neoplatonic commentators discern two kinds of death, the bodily or physical death and the voluntary death. Olympiodorus suggests that bodily death is only an image of voluntary death and cannot be recognized as an original death, because original death presupposes the preparation for death and the constant effort for the purification of the soul during the philosopher’s life-time. Only preparation for death and purification can ensure the complete separation of the soul from the body. Relative to this distinction is that between apothnēskein and tethnanai; these infinitives denote the dual meaning of death: death as an event or a process and death as a state. Our study examines thoroughly the subtle distinctions made by Olympiodorus and Damascius and offers a comparative analysis of the two definitions of death as well as that of purification. It reaches the conclusion that apothnēskein is a necessary condition of tethnanai, i.e. of a definitive release and parting of the soul from the body. On the other hand, the process of eventual purification, a notion which betrays the religious character of purification, can be identified with apothnēskein, which is the practice of dying by the true philosopher. Finally, our study also emphasizes and explains the difference between the voluntary philosophical death and the voluntary unphilosophical suicide; the latter guaranteeing only bodily or physical death.
The Dokounta of the Platonic Dialectician. On Plato’s distinction between the insufficient "present discussion" and a satisfactory future one
Authors: Szlezák Thomas Alexander
Published: June 2018

It is a recurring pattern in Plato´s dialogues that the dialectician leads the discussion to a certain point where he identifies further, more fundamental problems, on which he claims to have his own view (to emoi dokoun, vel sim.), which he does not communicate. Such passages are briefly analyzed from five dialogues (Timaeus, Sophist, Politicus, Parmenides, Republic). It is shown that this seemingly strange behaviour of the dialectician corresponds exactly to the way a philosopher should behave according to the Phaedrus. The recurring cases of reticence of the leading figure in dialogue have to be understood as Plato´s written reference to his own unwritten philosophy.
On the Motivations of a Skeptic, and Her Practice
Authors: Maddox Bryan
Published: June 2018

The aim of Pyrrhonism is deceptively simple: to achieve a state of ataraxia, of tranquility and relief from perturbation. But what is the extent of the ataraxia envisioned? Must the Skeptic admit a hard distinction between disturbances apparently related to belief and there­fore subject to suspension of judgement, and extra-doxastic disturbanc­es (e.g. everyday anxiety and frustration, or even hunger and fear) that are beyond the scope of the Skeptical method? In this paper I examine passages from Sextus’s Outlines of Pyrrhonism that indicate that such a distinction may not stand up to Skeptical scrutiny and that the Skepti­cal method does not only apply to “philosophical” speculative dogma or to “intellectual” perturbation, contra Barnes’s claim that the person who perceives the fewest anomalies may make “the perfect Pyrrhonist”. But I also, following Massie’s critique of unwarranted causal inferences regarding the relation between equipollence and ataraxia, distinguish cases where tarache (disturbance) presents itself as anomalous and thus lends itself to inquiry from cases where it presents itself with an appar­ent cause and does not provoke inquiry. Thus, though an apparently extra-doxastic disturbance may actually be rooted in unconsciously-held dogma, the Skeptic cannot demarcate a special class of potentially doxastic disturbances without employing a dogmatic psychology of her own. She must instead suspend judgment regarding the entire scope of her method, entertaining the possibility that any disturbance could be relieved through the Skeptical method. In the process, ataraxia is divested of definite parameters and the Skeptical method becomes effectively endless.
My Walks With Aristotle
Authors: Berti Enrico
Published: June 2018

In connection with the ongoing celebration of Aristotle’s Year that has been announced by UNESCO, the Poznan Archaeological Reserve – Genius Loci organized a series of lectures “Walks with Aristotle” that refer to the famous name of the Peripatos school. This invitation has been accepted by one of the greatest scholars of Aristotle, Professor Enrico Berti from the University of Padua, who has been publishing for more than 50 years various studies on the philosophy of the Stagirite as well as on the history of philosophy. Recently, his very instructive book, entitled Aristotle’s Profile, has appeared in Polish translation (Poznań 2016). Professor Berti’s presentation provides an overview of his most important achievements. Included in these are his forthcoming works: his new translation and commentary on Aristotle’s Metaphysics as well as his monograph Aristotelismo which reconstructs the diverse interpretations of Aristotle’s doctrines through centuries: from logic to epistemology, from physics to psychology and zoology, from metaphysics to ethics and politics and lastly from rhetoric to poetics.
Aristotle’s Criticism of the Platonic Forms as Causes in De Generatione et Corruptione II 9. A Reading Based on Philoponus’ Exegesis
Authors: Mouzala Melina G.
Published: June 2018

In the De Generatione et Corruptione II 9, Aristotle aims to achieve the confirmation of his theory of the necessity of the efficient cause. In this chapter he sets out his criticism on the one hand of those who wrongly attributed the efficient cause to other kinds of causality and on the other, of those who ignored the efficient cause. More specifically Aristotle divides all preceding theories which attempted to explain generation and corruption into two groups: i) those which offered an explanation by using the formal cause ii) those which provided an explanation by using the material or the instrumental causes. According to Philopo­nus, when Aristotle reproaches the other philosophers for adducing no proper notion of the efficient cause he alludes to both Anaxagoras and Plato. Regarding Anaxagoras, in our view this cannot be confirmed by internal textual evidence. In terms of Plato, in this chapter we trace an explicit and an implicit criticism of the Platonic Forms as causes. Aris­totle’s implicit criticism is that the Forms are not at all active causes. We can understand better the grounds for this criticism if we also consider his relevant arguments in Book Lambda of his Metaphysics. His explicit criticism, articulated in two arguments, is formulated in GC 335b18–24. We examine the different lines of its interpretation in the second­ary literature, but primarily we focus on Philoponus’ exegesis, which contributes significantly, not only to the clarification of Aristotle’s thinking, but also to the manifestation of the arguments articulated in defence of the Platonic theory of the Forms. In this paper, through the analysis of Philoponus’ exegesis we set out to prove that Aristotle’s criticism of the Platonic causes can be construed from the perspective of either Aristo­telian theory or the Platonic and Neoplatonic influence. Finally, based on Philoponus’ exegesis, we examine Aristotle’s criticism of those who posited matter or instrumental causes as efficient causes.
Structure and Relevance of the Aristotelian Critic toward the Eleatics (Ph. I 2–3)
Authors: Volpe Enrico
Published: June 2018

The first book of the Aristotelian Physics may be considered as a sort of general introduction to the whole work. In particular, chapters 2 and 3 result very interesting for the foundation of the science of nature according to Aristotle; indeed, in these two chapters, the Stagirite criticizes the position of the Eleates Parmenides and Melissus. These two philosophers are considered as those who claim that change does not exist because the existence of the not-being is impossible to suppose. For this reason, since the Eleates deny that motion and change really exist, the refutation of their thesis results essential for the logical and ontological foundation of the Aristotelian science of nature. This paper wants to make light on the argumentations that Aristotle uses against Parmenides and Melissus. Indeed, since the Stagirite makes often use of his philosophical categories (like substance; the categories, the continuum and so on), it seems that his critics sound a little bit anachronistic. In many passages of the text is seems that Aristotle “simply” replace the presupposition of the Eleatic philosophy (i.e. the being is and not-being does not) with the thesis of the evidence of moving and plurality, in general. The aim of this contribution is to reflect on the critics present in Ph. I 2–3 in order to underline the importance of the Eleatic philosophy for the Aristotelian science of nature.
Argument and Performance: Alcibiades’ Behavior in the Symposium and Plato’s Analysis in the Laws
Authors: Erler Michael
Published: June 2018

Argument and literary form, and how they both relate to each other, are crucial aspects of any interpretation of the Platonic dialogues. Plato the author and Plato the philosopher always work hand in hand in that Plato the author tries to serve Plato the philosopher. It is, therefore, an appropriate principle for approaching the study of Plato’s philosophy to take into account the literary aspects of the dialogues and to ask how Plato’s literary art of writing could possibly support his philosophical message and, for instance, to consider what this relation means in the context of the debate about developementalism versus unitarianism in Plato’s philosophy. In the present paper , I argue that the performance of the characters plays an important role in this context. I discuss various passages in the Laws which analyse the weakness of the will and I compare what Plato says there with the performance of Alcibiades in the Symposium. I conclude that the passages in the Laws can be read as a kind of commentary on Alcibiades’ behavior and I consider what this relation means in the context of the debate about developementalism versus unitarianism in Plato’s philosophy
Τὸ καλόν as a Criterion for Evaluating Innovation (τὸ καινόν) in Greek Theory of Musical Education: “Ancient” versus “New” Music in Ps. Plut. De musica
Authors: Gostoli Antonietta
Published: June 2018

The Pseudo-Plutarchan De musica provides us with the oldest history of Greek lyric poetry from the pre-Homeric epic poetry to the lyric poetry of the fourth century B.C. Importantly, the work contains also an evaluation of the role of music in the process of educating and training the citizens. Ps. Plutarch (Aristoxenus) considers the καλόν in the aesthetic and ethical sense, which makes it incompatible with the καινόν dictated by the new poetic and musical season.
Evil as Privation in Neoplatonism. Simplicius and Philoponus in Defense of Matter
Authors: Cardullo R. Loredana
Published: June 2018

The aim of this paper is to highlight the decisive contribution of Simplicius and Philoponus to the resolution of the problem of evil in Neoplatonism. A correct and faithful interpretation of the problem, which also had to agree with Plato’s texts, became particularly needed after Plotinus had identified evil with matter, threatening, thus, the dualistic position, which was absent in Plato. The first rectification was made by Proclus with the notion of parhypostasis, i.e., “parasitic” or “collateral” existence, which de-hypostasized evil, while at the same time challenging the Plotinian theory that turned evil into a principle that was ontologically opposed to good. In light of this, the last Neoplatonic exegetes, Simplicius and Philoponus, definitely clarified the “privative” role of kakon, finally relieving matter from the negative meaning given to it by Plotinus and restoring metaphysical monism.
Ernest Renan and Marcus Aurelius: On the End of the Ancient World
Authors: Protopapas-Marneli Maria
Published: June 2018

According to Renan, the day of Marcus Aurelius’ death could be considered as the decisive moment in the downfall of the ancient civilization. He, thus, wonders: “If Marcus Aurelius, the unique emperor-philosopher, did not succeed in saving the world, who else, then, could have saved it?” He notes that the emperor’s death was followed by the succession to the throne of his corrupted son, Commodus, and his friends, who all were all ignorant. Renan observes that the emperor’s kindness could not have prevented the unfortunate fate that befell the Roman Empire after his death. What we have here is the perennial problem, already established in Plato, regarding the role of the philosopher-king in establishing a good state and educating good citizens. However, the case of Marcus Aurelius, as demonstrated by Renan in his book, shows the inability of philosophy to serve the real needs, which ultimately leads to disastrous and irreparable consequences. The present paper attempts to reconstruct the reasons for the unsuccessful application of philosophy, especially the philosophy of the Hellenistic era, to the administrative system of the Roman Empire. It is argued that the failure is mainly due to political, religious and cultural problems.
New reports of the presence and ecology of the Sumatran striped rabbit (Nesolagus netscheri) in South Sumatra
Authors: Setiawan Arum , Iqbal Muhammad , Komarudin  , Saputra Rio Firman , Setiawan Doni , Yustian Indra
Published: June 2018

The Sumatran striped rabbit (Nesolagus netscheri Schlegel 1880), endemic to the Indonesian island of Sumatra, is one of the rarest and least known lagomorph in the World. On 2 February 2017, N. netscheri was sighted in the forested Gunung Raya Wildlife Reserve, South Sumatra Province, Indonesia. An immediate follow up survey of local coffee farmers and hunters provided new data on the occurrence and ecology of N. netscheri.
Crystal structure of bis(N-(1-(pyrazin-2-yl)ethylidene)nicotinohydrazonato-κ3
N,N′,O)cadmium(II) – methanol (1/1), C26H28N10O4Zn
Authors: Zhang Ning , Su Meijie , Xu Gaoyuan , Li Huijun
Published: June 2018

C26H28N10O4Zn, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 14.507(4) Å, b = 16.776(5) Å, c = 12.151(3) Å, β = 108.596(4)°, V = 2802.8(13) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0258, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0719, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of ethyl 2-amino-4-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-7-methyl-5-oxo-4H,5H-pyrano [4,3-b]pyran-3-carboxylate, C18H15Cl2NO5
Authors: Li Jing-Yao
Published: June 2018

C18H15Cl2NO5, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 7.423(5) Å, b = 27.798(3) Å, c = 9.550(2) Å, β = 117.62(4)°, V = 1746.0(14) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0395, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1030, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of (E)-2-(1-((2-aminophenyl)imino)ethyl)-6-bromo-4-chlorophenol, C14H12BrClN2O
Authors: Hong Yong , Liu Wei
Published: June 2018

C14H12BrClN2O, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 3.9454(10) Å, b = 24.189(6) Å, c = 13.728(3) Å, β = 90.07°, V = 643.99(7) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0589, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1584, T = 293(2) K.
Neurocognitive predictors of confabulation in Schizophrenia
Authors: Grimes Kyrsten M , Zakzanis Konstantine K
Published: June 2018

Confabulations, or false memories, are observed in various disorders, including schizophrenia. In forensic psychiatric assessment, this is problematic, particularly when garnering a clinical history and detailed account of the index offense(s) from the individual being charged. This study sought to quantitatively synthesize the existing literature regarding the frequency of confabulations in schizophrenia and its neurocognitive correlates. The keywords “schizophrenia” and “psychosis” were systematically canvassed in combination with “confabulation,” “false memory,” and “false memories” on PsycINFO, PubMed, and Scopus. Inclusion criteria included the following: (1) Participant samples that included the patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls; (2) commercially available neuropsychological test measures were employed (i.e., no experimental paradigms were considered); (3) quantitative data (i.e., means and standard deviations) was available so that an effect size could be computed; (4) published findings in peer-reviewed academic journals and written in English. Studies examining high-risk or first-episode psychosis groups were excluded. Five studies were included in the final analysis. Effect sizes in terms of Cohen’s d were calculated for number of confabulations made. When available, the correlations between confabulation and neurocognitive variables were recorded. The findings suggest that patients with schizophrenia confabulated more than healthy controls for new information if it was related to old information. The relationship between confabulations and neurocognitive variables was inconsistent. Together, the results from this quantitative review has important implications for interviewing techniques in forensic psychiatric assessment. Specifically, the assessor should take great care not to ask leading questions or introduce unverified, contextual information into the interview, as it may result in a confabulation, rather than a more accurate account of the event.
White-Matter Pathways for Statistical Learning of Temporal Structures
Authors: Karlaftis Vasilis M. , Wang Rui , Shen Yuan , Tino Peter , Williams Guy , Welchman Andrew E. , Kourtzi Zoe
Published: June 2018

Extracting the statistics of event streams in natural environments is critical for interpreting current events and predicting future ones. The brain is known to rapidly find structure and meaning in unfamiliar streams of sensory experience, often by mere exposure to the environment (i.e., without explicit feedback). Yet, we know little about the brain pathways that support this type of statistical learning. Here, we test whether changes in white-matter (WM) connectivity due to training relate to our ability to extract temporal regularities. By combining behavioral training and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), we demonstrate that humans adapt to the environment’s statistics as they change over time from simple repetition to probabilistic combinations. In particular, we show that learning relates to the decision strategy that individuals adopt when extracting temporal statistics. We next test for learning-dependent changes in WM connectivity and ask whether they relate to individual variability in decision strategy. Our DTI results provide evidence for dissociable WM pathways that relate to individual strategy: extracting the exact sequence statistics (i.e., matching) relates to connectivity changes between caudate and hippocampus, while selecting the most probable outcomes in a given context (i.e., maximizing) relates to connectivity changes between prefrontal, cingulate and basal ganglia (caudate, putamen) regions. Thus, our findings provide evidence for distinct cortico-striatal circuits that show learning-dependent changes of WM connectivity and support individual ability to learn behaviorally-relevant statistics.
Solution of Volterra integral inclusion in b-metric spaces via new fixed point theorem
Authors: Ali Muhammad Usman Usman , Kamran Tayyab , Postolache Mihai
Published: June 2018

An existence theorem for Volterra-type integral inclusion is establish in b-metric spaces. We first introduce two new F-contractions of Hardy–Rogers type and then establish fixed point theorems for these contractions in the setting of b-metric spaces. Finally, we apply our fixed point theorem to prove the existence theorem for Volterra-type integral inclusion. We also provide an example to show that our fixed point theorem is a proper generalization of a recent fixed point theorem by Cosentino et al.
On economic-technological optimization of high-voltage electric cables
Authors: Meilūnas Mečislavas , Ilgevičius Audrius , Suboč Olga , Jankevičiūtė Gerda , Čiegis Raimondas
Published: June 2018

In this paper, mathematical modelling of high voltage cables for power transmission line design is presented. The Finite Volume Method (FVM) is used to approximate the developed mathematical model (a system of nonlinear multi-physic differential equations) and OpenFOAM (Open source Field Operation And Manipulation) tool is used to implement the obtained parallel finite volume schemes. In order to optimize the design of power lines with respect to technological parameters, different cases of nonstationary load dynamics are investigated and the influence of system nonlinearity and external day, month and years periodical boundary conditions and the source function regimes are simulated. The main aim of this paper is to include into the mathematical model also economic requirements and to optimize sizes of cables with respect to both technologic and economic requirements. Numerical algorithms targeted to solve PDE-constrained optimization problems are developed. Results of computational experiments are presented.
Controllability of nonlinear fractional Langevin delay systems
Authors: Kumar Pitchaikkannu Suresh Suresh , Balachandran Krishnan , Annapoorani Natarajan
Published: June 2018

In this paper, we discuss the controllability of fractional Langevin delay dynamical systems represented by the fractional delay differential equations of order 0 < α,β ≤ 1. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the controllability of linear fractional Langevin delay dynamical system are obtained by using the Grammian matrix. Sufficient conditions for the controllability of the nonlinear delay dynamical systems are established by using the Schauders fixed-point theorem. The problem of controllability of linear and nonlinear fractional Langevin delay dynamical systems with multiple delays and distributed delays in control are studied by using the same technique. Examples are provided to illustrate the theory.
mu-stability criteria for nonlinear differential systems with additive leakage and transmission time-varying delays
Authors: Lv Xiaoxiao , Rakkiyappan Rajan , Li Xiaodi
Published: June 2018

In this paper, the μ-stability analysis issue of nonlinear differential systems along with two kinds of delay components, namely, leakage delay and transmission delay, is investigated. By constructing a suitable Lyapunov–Krasovskii's functional and utilizing Finsler's lemma, some novel μ-stability criteria for the concerned nonlinear system are obtained. These criteria are expressed in the framework of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which can be verified easily by means of standard software. Finally, two examples are presented to exhibit the advantage and effectiveness of the proposed theoretical results.