bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Multi-Color Fluorescent Carbon Dots From Mint Leaves: A Robust Bioimaging Agent with Potential Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Shahid Sadia , Mohiyuddin Shanid , Packirisamy Gopinath
Published: May 2020

Carbon dots (C-dots), a promising luminescent nanomaterial with exceptional physico-chemical properties gaining enormous attention in recent years. Carbon dots having enhanced biocompatibility and multiple routes of synthesis offers a promising substitute to luminescent quantum dots
(QD). Further, wavelength-controlled emission features of C-dots proved as a good candidate in the biolabeling applications. Herein, we are reporting a facile and one-step hydrothermal synthesis of biocompatible multi-color, Polyethyleneimine (PEI) surface passivated C-dots (CDP) from mint
leaves as a green source. The morphological and optical properties of C-dots have been extensively studied by Zeta-sizer, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, Ultra violet (UV)-visible spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopic analysis. Furthermore, Fourier
transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic (XPS) analysis have been performed for the understanding of surface states and chemical composition of C-dots. A comparative analysis in the biolabeling potentials of non-passivated C-dots (CD) and CDP was conducted in the breast
cancer (MCF-7) cells and the concentration dependent cytotoxicity was estimated. Further, an enhanced antioxidant property was showed by CDP as compared to CD. In the present study, a practical implication of C-dots synthesized from a herbal source (mint) to serve as a novel agent for various
biolabeling applications and antioxidant activity have been experimentally resolved. As synthesized CD and CDP can be, serve as better alternatives for imaging probe with improved biocompatibility.
The Anti-Proliferative Effect of Flavonoid Nanoparticles on the Human Ovarian Cancer Cell Line SK0V3
Authors: Zhang Chunyan , Li Xueqing , Jin Shuangling , Zhang Huizhen , Wang Rui , Pei Lihua , Zheng Jun
Published: May 2020

To investigate the anti-proliferative effect of flavonoid nanoparticles on the human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3. Ten nude mice were intraperitoneally inoculated with the human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cell mixture. The treatment group received tail vein injections with 1.25 mg/kg of
flavonol, once every 3 days, 0.2 mL each time, for a total of 12 times. The control group was a tumor model that was injected with 50 mL/L glucose solution; it was observed in Lacquerin Group as the Laccase Nanoparticle Group. Tumor quality was recorded after treatment. The morphology of tumor
cells in the two groups was observed by fluorescence microscopy. MTS was used to measure the value of tumor cells in the two groups after administration. Apoptosis of SKOV3 cells was detected by flow cytometry using a tumor cell suspension. The MTT results showed a decreased growth rate of
SKOV3 cells with an increase in the mass concentration of flavonoid nanoparticles. The nude mice in the control group had scattered cauliflower-like tumor nodules. The treatment group only showed very small granular tumor nodules. The tumor mass within the treatment group was comparable (P
> 0.05), but was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The morphology of the tumor cells in the treatment group became longer and thinner and showed a slender spindle shape. Some high-temperature treated cells even appeared star-shaped, and the cell bodies were significantly
broadened. Flow cytometry results showed significantly increased apoptosis of the SKOV3 cells after treatment with flavonoid nanoparticles. The MTS results showed a significantly slowed proliferation rate of SKOV3 cells after two days of administering flavonoid nanoparticles (P <
0.05). Flavonoid nanoparticles were nontoxic, and decreased cell proliferation of and promoted apoptosis in an ovarian cancer cell line.
Multiplex Detection of Viral DNAs in Blood by Colorimetrically Identifying Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplicons with Serial Invasive Reaction Assisted Gold Nanoparticle Probes Assembling
Authors: Ma Yi , Gong Chunyan , Qi Xiemin , Zou Bingjie , Song Qinxin , Zhou Guohua
Published: May 2020

Detection of blood-borne pathogenic viruses is essential for blood transfusion, and has great significance for epidemiology, as well as clinical practices. Common blood-borne viruses causing infectious diseases include Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum (TP). Therefore, multiplex detection of these viruses is more in the line with the needs of clinical testing. Although real-time PCR-based multiplex nucleic acid testing (NAT) was developed for pathogen detection, however, the requirement of multichannel
realtime PCR machine increases the instrumental cost and is not suitable for use in resource-limited areas. In this study, we proposed a multiplex and colorimetric assay for detecting viral nucleic acids in blood by using serial invasive reaction assisted gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) probes assembling
to identify multiplex PCR amplicons. As low as 2 copies per reaction of HIV and TP targets, and 20 copies per reaction of HBV and HCV targets can be detected. The results can be observed by naked eyes; thus, just a standard PCR machine is required. In addition, the hairpin probe and the AuNPs
for signal read out are universal for all the targets, reducing the detection cost. About 20 DNA samples remaining after clinical HBV testing were successfully detected, and the results were consistent with that of commercially available real-time PCR based kit, indicating that this method
has a potential for clinical applications.
Breast Cancer Diagnosed by MRI Using Mesoporous TiO2-Coated (Fe3O4) Nanoparticles
Authors: Zheng Bo , Xue Minghua , Zhang Xinyi , Tian Ning , Wang Dongmei
Published: May 2020

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effects of dimer captosuccinic acid-coated Fe3O4 (super paramagnetic) nanoparticles (NP) on 2-deoxy-d-glucose in targeted cancer cells with high rates of glucose metabolism. Methods: We prepared Fe3O4@DMSA
NP and 2-DG-conjugated Fe3O4@DMSA NP, γ-FE, O, and @DMSA-DG NP. Glucose consumption in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells was determined using γ-Fe2O3@DMSA NP or Fe3O4@DMSA-DG NP, and absorption was tested using Prussian
blue staining, ultraviolet colorimetry, and magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Glucose consumption was the highest in MDA-MB-231, and the lowest in human mammary epithelial cells (HMEPiC). The significant uptake of Fe2O3@DMSA-DG NP by MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells within two hours was
inhibited by glucose. The uptake of Fe3O4@DMSA-DG NP was significantly higher in MDA-MB-231 than in MCF-7 cells, whereas Fe3O4@DMSA NP was not obviously uptaken by either cell line. Absorption was also not evident in HMEPiC incubated with Fe3O4@DMSA-DG
NP and Fe3O4@DMSA NP. Conclusions: The tumor targeting efficacy of 2-DG coated Fe3O4@DMSA NP was improved over Fe3O4,@DMSA NP in cancer cells with high rates of glucose metabolism.
Preparation of Hollow SiO2@BiOI Nanocomposites and Their Photocatalytic Performance in Ammonia Nitrogen Degradation
Authors: Lu Xiaoqing , Zhou Qin , Cao Amei , Wang Aili , Yin Hengbo
Published: May 2020

Hollow SiO2 microsphere-supported bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI) nanocomposites were prepared using Bi(NO3)3 · 5H2O and KI as the precursors of BiOI at 80 °C in an aqueous solution by the liquid chemical deposition method. The BiOI nanosheets
with the thicknesses of 25–40 nm and the widths of 1–2 μm were deposited on the hollow SiO2 microsphere surfaces. There were interactions between the BiOI nanosheets and hollow SiO2 microspheres, which enlarged the ban gap of the BiOI nanosheet as
compared with the pure BiOI. The band gap energy increased with the increase in SiO2/BiOI weight ratios. The hollow SiO2@BiOI nanocomposites showed high photocatalytic activity in ammonia nitrogen degradation when the photocatalytic degradation reaction was performed
in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. The degradation extent of ammonia nitrogen was upto 81% when the ammonia nitrogen degradation reaction was photocatalyzed by the hollow SiO2@BiOI(100:10) nanocomposite at an initial concentration of ammonia nitrogen of 10 mg L−1
and 25 °C for 4 h. The reaction kinetics of ammonia nitrogen degradation was well simulated by the first-order reaction model.
Preparation of Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Antibody Nanoparticles and Their Lung Cancer Targeting Therapeutic Effects
Authors: Xing Jiaqiang , Xin Benqiang , Xia Hui
Published: May 2020

The antibody nanoparticles of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) were prepared and their characterization, drug loading ability, and targeting effect were evaluated. In addition, adriamycin-loaded lipid polymer nanoparticles (hereafter referred to as nanoparticles) were synthesized by
a double emulsion method and thin film dispersion method and were coupled with PD-L1 antibody nanoparticles. The cytotoxicity of nanoparticles to A549 cells was detected in vitro, and the uptake of nanoparticles was detected by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. The tumor model
of A549 lung cancer in nude mice was established; the targeting and therapeutic effects of PD-L1 antibody nanoparticles were evaluated by in vivo imaging. The results showed that the synthesized nanoparticles were concentrated in 100–200 nm, and hydrochloric acid was used as the main
drug. The encapsulation rate of adriamycin was 60.24%, and the drug loading content was 5.62%. The cell survival rate of the non-drug loaded nanoparticle group was not different from that of the normal group, and the cell survival rates of the 10 μg · mL−1
and 20 μg · mL−1 adriamycin nanoparticle groups were significantly lower than those of the free adriamycin group (P < 0.05). Flow cytometry showed that the PD-L1 antibody concentrations of 10 μg·mL−1 and 20 μg·mL−1
of adriamycin were significantly lower than those of the same concentration in the adriamycin group (P < 0.05). The fluorescence intensity of the nanoparticle group was significantly higher than that of the nanoparticle group at the same concentration. Animal experiments showed that
the tumor volume of the PD-L1 antibody nanoparticle group was significantly smaller than that of the PBS (phosphate buffer) control group and the free adriamycin group.
Augmentation of Photocatalytic Degradation of Oxytetracycline by Cu–CdS and Deciphering the Contribution of Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: Tian Jing-Jing , Chen Chih-Kuei , Thomas Joy , Chang Chang-Tang
Published: May 2020

Production of Copper (Cu) modified Cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanomaterial, named as Cu–CdS, was successfully synthesized through hydrothermal and photo deposition method to degrade oxytetracycline (OTC) antibiotics in aqueous solution. Uniform surface loading of copper was observed
on CdS using Scanning Electron Microscopy-mapping (SEM-mapping). The Cu induced improvement in the visible light absorption was observed using UV-vis absorption spectrum. Thus, this material can exhibit excellent oxytetracycline (OTC) degradation by photocatalysis. The best OTC degradation
efficiency of 90% was be achieved under the optimal concentration of 4% Cu–CdS, with 0.1 g L−1 dosage (pH 5) under UV irradiation. 0.167 mg L−1 min−1 was observed as the reaction kL-H on the peripheral of the catalyst.
In addition, OTC can also be degraded under visible light with removal efficiency approximately 90%. Moreover, the contribution of main reactive oxygen species (ROS), including hydroxyl radicals, superoxide radical and holes, is evaluated as 18%, 43% and 29%.
A Comparative Study of the Catalytic Performance of Pt-Based Bi and Trimetallic Nanocatalysts Towards Methanol, Ethanol, Ethylene Glycol, and Glycerol Electro-Oxidation
Authors: Ferreira Hadla S. , Gocyla Martin , Ferreira Hadma S. , Araujo Rennan G. O. , Almeida Caio V. S. , Heggen Marc , Dunin-Borkowski Rafal E. , Eguiluz Katlin I. B. , Strasser Peter , Salazar-Banda Giancarlo R.
Published: May 2020

Carbon-supported platinum is used as an anode and cathode electrocatalyst in low-temperature fuel cells fueled with low-molecular-weight alcohols in fuel cells. The cost of Pt and its low activity towards the complete oxidation of these fuels are significant barriers to the widespread
use of these types of fuel cells. Here, we report on the development of PtRhNi nanocatalysts supported on carbon made using a reduction chemistry method with different atomic rates. The catalytic activity of the developed catalysts towards the electro-oxidation of methanol, ethanol, ethylene
glycol, and glycerol in acidic media was studied. The obtained catalysts performances were compared with both commercial Pt/C and binary Pt75Ni25/C catalyst. The nanostructures were characterized, employing inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer, X-ray
diffraction, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The binary catalyst presents a mean particle size of around 2 nm. Whereas the ternary catalysts present particles of similar size and with some large alloy and core–shell structures. The
alcohol oxidation onset potential and the current density measured after 3600 s of chronoamperometry were used to classify the catalytic activity of the catalysts towards the oxidation of methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol. The best PtRhNi/C catalyst composition (i.e., Pt43Rh43Ni14/C)
presented the highest activity for alcohols oxidation compared with all catalysts studied, indicating the proper tuning composition influence in the catalytic activity. The enhanced activity of Pt43Rh43Ni14/C can be attributed to the synergic effect of trimetallic
compounds, Pt, Ni, and Rh.
Gold Nanoparticle Based Electrochemical Immunosensor for Detection of T3 Hormone
Authors: Saxena Rahul , Fouad H. , Srivastava Sudha
Published: May 2020

We report a nanoparticles based electrochemical immunosensor to detect and quantify triiodothyronine (T3) hormone. Immunosensor developed using gold nanoparticles and anti-T3 antibody, was employed for quantification of T3 antigen using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse
voltammetry (DPV) technique. The electrochemical response of the developed immunosensor correlates well with the amount of antigen present in the sample. With increase in antigen concentration the immunocomplex formation on electrode surface increases and hence redox current decreases. The
immunosensor shows a lower limit of detection of 1 pg/mL and dynamic range from 1 to 500 pg/mL. Sensitivity of the immunosensor was found to be 29.81 μA/pg/mL/cm2.
Reclamation of Hexavalent Chromium from Electroplating Effluents by Electroextraction
Authors: Revathi M. , Sivagaami Sundari G. , Ahmed Basha C. , Alam Manawwer , Sagadevan Suresh , Ahmad Naushad
Published: May 2020

This investigation aims at the reclamation of Cr(VI) from synthetic electroplating industrial effluent by electroextraction process namely electrochemical ion exchange (EIX). An electrochemical ion exchange reactor of desired dimensions was fabricated with the help of ion-permeable
membranes, stainless steel cathode and PbO2 coated Ti expanded mesh anode. The performance of the reactor was studied in batch recirculation mode, continuous flow mode at different experimental conditions. The influence of various experimental factors, for instance, initial metal
ion concentration (20, 300, 1000 mg/L of Cr(VI)), applied voltages (2.5 V, 5 V, 7.5 V, 10 V) and flow rates of the process stream (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 ml/min) on removal/reclamation efficiency was deliberated. For comparison purposes, an electrodialysis process was conducted at the same
optimal conditions. It was found that the EIX process with three compartments has more removal efficiency at optimum experimental conditions than the electrodialysis process. The continuous flow process of the reactor with 300 mg/L of Cr(VI) as inlet concentration has studied to predict the
breakeven point of the reactor. It was noted that Cr(VI) ion concentration in the treated wastewater is almost zero up to the discharge of 20 liters of treated rinse water.
Study Evaluation Maternity Nutrition and Pregnancy In Vitro and In Vivo—Progesterone Nanocrystal Injection
Authors: Li Hong , Xie Shaoyun , Cao Mingxia , Qi Lihong , Chen Hongbo , Gao Mingming , Qu Wenjing
Published: May 2020

In this study, the insoluble drug, progesterone, was formulated into a progesterone nanocrystal injection to improve the saturation solubility, release rate, and efficacy of progesterone, as well as to increase the relative bioavailability of progesterone, reduce the subsequent irritation,
and minimize the toxicity; the advantages and feasibility of the progesterone nanocrystalline injection in the prevention of premature delivery and protection against pregnancy-associated risks in pregnant females was evaluated. The wet grinding method was used to prepare the progesterone
nanocrystalline injection; its morphology, particle size, and potential were characterized by transmission electron microscopy. Crystal structure was analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction; the solubility of the injection and the progesterone drug substance in water, and the In Vitro
release of the drug were evaluated for its nanometer effect In Vitro. Rabbits were injected with the progesterone nanocrystal injection as well as commercially available progesterone injections for evaluation in vivo. The formulation process of a progesterone nanocrystal injection is
feasible. The crystal form is stable and the particle size is uniform. Moreover, we found that it improves the release rate, saturation solubility, and bioavailability of progesterone, while reducing muscle irritation. The results have clinical research significance.
Diabetic Retinopathy Analysis—Effects of Nanoparticle-Based Triamcinolone
Authors: Du Shufang , Wang Hongwei , Jiang Feng , Wang Ying
Published: May 2020

Triamcinolone (TA) is a hormone corticosteroid drug used to treat edema, inflammation, and angiogenic eye diseases. It can be administered by intravitreal injection at an early stage. The intraocular instillation method can improve the bioavailability of TA by loading the drug on to
a nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC). The nanoparticles (20 to 200 nm) used in this experiment were previously prepared by high-pressure homogenization using a factorial optimization design method. The NLC produced contained a distinct peak with a negative charge. The nanoparticles were loaded
with drugs (TA-NLC) and fluorescent Nile Red lipids. Using the treated nanoparticles, NR-NLC was dripped into the eyes of mice in an in vivo test, demonstrating the ability to deliver lipophilic active substances to the posterior ocular segment. The short- and long-term stability of
TA-NLC was also evaluated using a Turbiscan® high-performance stability analysis. Results showed that backscattering in the 6-month stability test was less than 1.5%. When stored at room temperature, the possibility of the nanoparticles condensing into flocs during the storage period is
very small.
Preparation, Characterization and In Vivo Biocompatibility Studies of Cotton Cellulose Nanofibers
Authors: Gouveia Ana C. C. , Munk Michele , Oliveira Virgínia , Ferreira Ana P. , Brandão Humberto M. , Gern Juliana C. , Brayner Roberta , Martins Maria A. , Raposo Nádia R. B.
Published: May 2020

Cellulose nanofibers have mechanical properties that make them very attractive in a myriad of fields such as biomedicine, tissue engineering, biosensors, cosmetics and food packet products. To evaluate the potential health risks of airborne cellulose nanofibers, the cellulose nanofiber
was prepared and characterized and then its pulmonary potential toxicity to a mouse model was studied. Cellulose nanofiber has been prepared by acid hydrolysis of cotton cellulose and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, zeta potential and X-ray diffraction analysis. Then, using
a short-term inhalation test, the pulmonary biocompatibility of cotton cellulose nanofibers at different concentrations (0.5 mg/mL, 1 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL) were evaluated. Transmission electron images showed needle-shaped particle with a diameter of about 6–18 nm and a length of 85–225
μm. Zeta potential was −25.3±7.80 mV and the X-ray diffraction patterns indicate that cotton cellulose nanofiber has pure structural characteristics. The In Vivo results revealed that the exposure to cotton cellulose nanofiber did not alter the number of inflammatory
cells or cytokine secretion by lung cells (p > 0.05). The results demonstrate that the cotton cellulose nanofiber is biocompatible and it is an environment-friendly nanomaterial with promise in various industrial sectors.
The Preparation of Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots by Gas Exfoliation with the Assistance of Liquid N2
Authors: Liu Honghong , Lian Peichao , Tang Yongwei , Zhao Zhenting , Mei Yi
Published: May 2020

Black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs), a type of nanoscale black phosphorus (BP), have fantastic application prospects in various fields. However, the premise of the application of BPQDs depends on its effective preparation. At present, most of preparation processes of BPQDs involve
in organic solvents which may be harmful to humans and the environment. Furthermore, some chemical impurities may inevitably be introduced into the final product. In addition, all the preparation processes need to be carried out under an inert gas due to the instability of BPQDs, which makes
the reaction conditions more harsh and complicated. Therefore, an efficient and simple method for the preparation of BPQDs by gas exfoliation with the assistance of liquid N2 (l-N2) was developed for the first time in this study. This method is environmentally friendly
and impurity-free because l-N2 is a nontoxic liquid that can be gasified to form N2. The obtained BPQDs were characterized by XRD, Raman, SEM, TEM and UV-Vis techniques and they had a lateral size of 9±3 nm.
Enhancement of Electron Emission Properties of Carbon Nanotubes by the Decoration with Low Work Function Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Raza Mohammad M. H. , Khan Sunny , Sadiq Mohd , Zulfequar Mohammad , Husain Mushahid , Ali Javid
Published: May 2020

In the present report, the properties of the field emission devices of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were remarkably improved by decorating their surface with magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs). The MgO NPs were attached effectively on the surface of CNTs via thermal evaporation. The
Raman spectra confirm the graphitic order of as-grown pristine CNTs with RBM (radial breathing mode), D band and G band peaks at the 282 cm−1, 1347 cm−1 and 1594 cm−1 respectively. The peak at 471 cm−1 indicates successful
attachment of MgO NPs to the CNTs. The enhanced field emission properties of CNTs were mainly attributed to the MgO NPs which increased the field enhancement factor and the density of emission sites. The decreased work function and increased field enhancement factor were responsible for the
improved FE properties of the CNTs. Our results indicate that the MgO decorated CNTs can be used as an effective field emitter for various electron emission devices. The turn-on field decrease from 1.6 V/μm to 1.3 V/μm and the maximum current density increases from 1.581
to 3.678 mA/cm2 after the decoration of CNTs with MgO NPs. The value of field enhancement factor (β) also increases from 2.814×103 to 9.823×103.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Behavior of LiFePO4-xFx (x = 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2) by Solvothermal Method
Authors: Zhu Jiping , Zuo Xiuxiu , Fang Zhong
Published: May 2020

The F-doped LiFePO4 material was prepared through a simple solvothermal method by applying hydrofluoric acid as the source of fluorine. The obtained LiFePO3.85F0.15 at 0.1 C and 10 C delivered a higher capacity of 153.185 and 81.972 mAh · g−1
compared with LiFePO4 at 0.1 C and 10 C (143.351 and 48.707 mAh·g−1).
A Novel Strategy to Obtain Hollow NaBiF4:Yb3+/Er3+ Upconversion Nanospheres by One Step Coprecipitation
Authors: Yu Jiaming , Wang Yumeng , He Yuxuan , Li Huiling , Cheng Qian , Li Yu
Published: May 2020

Hollow upconversion luminescence nanomaterials have widespread applications in drug delivery, high efficiency catalysis, as well as energy storage owes to super-large specific surface area, cavity volume, and fluorescence properties. However, a series of complex processes and high temperature
is required for the synthesis of these materials. Herein, a facile template-free coprecipitation route based on the Kirkendall diffusion process at room temperature had been developed to synthesize hollow NaBiF4:Yb3+/Er3+ nanospheres with upconversion luminescence.
X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsoption/desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and upconversion emission spectra demonstrated the successful preparation of NaBiF4:Yb3+/Er3+
nanospheres with pervasive hollow morphology, relatively high specific surface area, and excellent upconversion luminescence properties. Moreover, the influence of some reaction parameters on the morphology and structure of the obtained samples were systematically explored. Additionally, the
evolution mechanism of the hollow structure nanospheres was analyzed on account of the Kirkendall diffusion process related to the solid–liquid interfacial ion migration. It is expected that these hollow upconversion NaBiF4:Yb3+/Er3+ nanospheres with
upconversion luminescence prepared by this type of synthetic strategy will have widespread medical, environmental, and energy applications.
Synthesis of Novel Oxazolidines and Study of Its Naked Eye CO2 Detecting Properties
Authors: Kumar Rangaraju Satish , Lee Heon Seung , Ryu Jiwon , Son Young-A
Published: May 2020

Herewith, we synthesized the new oxazolidines (SP-1, SP-2 and SP-3) by without using any withdrawing or donating substitution, and for these molecules we demonstrated CO2 sensing properties in naked eye condition with different colors (yellow and magenta). All the dyes showed
different colors in the presence and absence of CO2 in ethanol solution with the concept of ring closing and opening. In UV-visible absorption spectrum all the compounds showed visible light absorptions after purging of CO2. To confirm this mechanism for SP-1 molecule
case, we approached the 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR techniques deuterated methanol as a solvent and we clearly identified. The stability of the SP-1 molecule in ethanol for CO2 purging case, we studied repeatability test up to ten cycles and we confirmed that there
is no any decrease in sensing ability.
RNA Synthesis by DNA Methyltransferase 1 siRNA Transfection with Cationic Liposomes into Osteoblastic Progenitor Cells Based on SiO2 Nanomagnetic Beads for Proliferation and Differentiation
Authors: Chen Qingzhen , Jiang Tao , Wang Qinshen , Huang Yongqing , Shao Min
Published: May 2020

DNA methylation regulated gene expression is important for osteoblast proliferation and differentiation during bone remodeling and its deregulation leads to the development of osteoporosis. DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) is an important regulator of DNA methylation. To explore the
effect and mechanism of differential expression of DNMT1 in osteoblast precursor cells, DNMT1 siRNAs were designed and synthesized to interfere with DNMT1 expression in the osteoblast precursor cells, MC3T3E1 (Clone 24; MC3T3E1-24). The expression of the target gene, DNMT1, and osteogenic
differentiation indicators osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting (WB). MTT assay was used to detect the effect on cell proliferation. Alkaline
phosphatase (ALP) activity and alizarin red staining were used to detect the effect of DNMT1 on osteogenic differentiation. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to detect the morphological changes in MC3T3E1-24 cells. Twenty-four hours following the transfection of MC3T3E1-24
cells with DNMT1 siRNA using cationic liposomes, DNMT1 mRNA and protein levels decreased significantly (P <0.001 for both). The reduced expression of DNMT1 promoted the OPG mRNA and protein expression (P <0.05), increased the ratio of OPG to RANKL (P <0.05), inhibited
the expression of RANKL (P <0.01) without affecting the RANKL gene expression (not significant, P >0.05). The reduced expression of DNMT1 also promoted the proliferation of osteoblast precursor cells. In addition, ALP activity test and alizarin red staining showed that reduced
expression of DNMT1 resulted in an increase in OPG/RANKL ratio and promoted the differentiation of the precursor cells. The cultured cells were found to have fibroblast-like appearance, and calcium nodules were observed after 7 days of conventional culture. In addition, to improve the efficiency
of RNA extraction and save time, a type of silica nanomagnetic beads was used in the early stage of this study to extract RNA and assist qPCR detection of the target genes. The results showed that the magnetic beads could effectively extract RNA from the cells. In conclusion, low expression
of DNMT1 affects proliferation and maturation of osteoblasts by upregulating OPG and OPG/RANKL ratio.
Ti3SiC2/Carbon Nanofibers Fabricated by Electrospinning as Electrode Material for High-Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Yan Weikang , Bi Jianqiang , Wang Weili , Sun Xiaoning , Liu Rui , Hao Xuxia , Gao Xicheng
Published: May 2020

As an Mn+1AXn phase ternary layered carbide, Ti3SiC2 possesses the advantages of both excellent stability and high electrical conductivity, which are considered to be promising electrode materials for supercapacitors. Ti3SiC2/Carbon
nanofiber composites with one-dimensional nanostructures were successfully synthesized via electrospinning. Systematic electrochemical tests showed that the Ti3SiC2/Carbon composite possesses a large specific capacitance of 133.1 F/g at the current density of 1 A/g, high
rate capability of 113.7% capacitance retention from 1 to 10 A/g, and low resistance of 1.07 Ω. After assembling the asymmetrical supercapacitor, Ti3SiC2/Carbon provides the energy density of 7.02 Wh/kg at the power density of 140 W/kg. In addition, Ti3SiC2/Carbon
composite is highly stable, with 74.6% capacity retention after 4000 cycles. Ti3SiC2/Carbon’s superior electrochemical properties are ascribed to the 1D nanowire structure and the high specific surface area. Ti3SiC2/Carbon is a prospective
electrode material for future supercapacitors.
Corrosion Resistant Coatings Based on Zinc Nanoparticles, Epoxy and Silicone Resins
Authors: Li Chuan-Chun , Lai Tang-Yu , Fang Te-Hua
Published: May 2020

In this study, corrosion-resistant composite coatings were produced by incorporating zinc (Zn) nanoparticles in an epoxy resin and a hybrid silicone resin. While performing sodium chloride saltspray tests, the corrosion performance of the nano-composite coatings was evaluated by applying
these corrosion-resistant composite coatings on a carbon steel substrate. The nano-composite coatings on the substrates were characterized by an adhesion test, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The
results of the salt-spray tests showed that the Zn nanoparticles in the epoxy and hybrid silicone resins could react with permeated oxygen, thereby improving the anticorrosion properties of the Zn nano-composites. The corroded area of the epoxy resin samples decreased from more than 80% without
Zn doping to less than 5% in a 3000-ppm Zn-doped sample after a 500-h saltspray test. An evaluation of the bactericidal properties showed that the Zn/epoxy and Zn/hybrid silicone resin nano-composites with at least 360 ppm of Zn nanoparticles exhibited bactericidal ability, which remarkably
increased with the Zn nanoparticles content. The corrosion-resistant properties improved with the addition of Zn nano-composites coatings.
To Study the Effects of (Compressed Natural Gas + Diesel) Under Dual Fuel Mode on Engine Performance and Emissions Characteristic
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Nautiyal Piyushi , Dev Kamalasish
Published: May 2020

The present study is investigated on the performance and emissions characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled by compressed natural gas and base diesel (CNG + Diesel). The CNG fuels used as the primary fuel, and diesel as pilot fuel under dual-fuel mode. The pilot fuel is partially
replaced by CNG at a different percentage. The primary fuel is injected into the engine with intake air during the suction stroke. The experimental results reveal the effect of CNG + diesel under dual fuel mode on BTE, BSFC, CO, CO2, HC, NOx and Smoke. It is observed
from the experimental results that CO2, NOx and Smoke emissions decreased but HC and CO emissions increase with an increase in CNG energy share.
Synthesis and Characterization of Pure and Magnesium (Mg) Doped CuO Nano Particles by Solid State Method
Authors: Thangavel K. , Jayasree K. V. , Balaprakash V. , Gowrisankar P. , Sudha S. , Murugan E.
Published: May 2020

Pure and Magnesium (Mg) doped CuO nanoparticles were effectively prepared by solid state method using Copper Chloride (CuCl2 · 2H2O), Magnesium Chloride (MgCl2 · 6H2O) and Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH). The ITO/TiO2/CuO–M/Cu
heterojunctions solutions were fabricated by Dr Blade method at a low reaction temperature of 400 °C. In this analysis the prepared nanostructure were exposed to structural, morphological and optical analysis. The X-ray diffraction peaks results divulged that the prepared nanoparticles
are monoclinic structure of CuO which was evidenced from the JCPDS card No. 801916. Morphological analysis result exposed that pure CuO particles exclusively consist of agglomerated irregular spherical shape. The result of the elemental analysis confirmed the presence of Mg2+ in
the doped samples. Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy results reveals the structural modifications due to the presence of magnesium. Optical absorption measurement spectra demonstrates that band gap shift is due the proportion of Mg.
Evanescent Wave Fiber Optic Biosensor: A Theoretical Study for Detection of Human Intestine Tissues
Authors: Sinha Snigdha , Singh Pravin Kumar , Lohia Pooja , Dwivedi D. K.
Published: May 2020

Fiber optic evanescent based biosensor is suggested for detection and identification of non-malignant tissues of gastrointestinal tract of stomach by determining their analogous refractive indices values. Current experimental data are considered for theoretical computations with certain
variations of complex index of refraction of intestinal tissues in near infrared (NIR) region. Here we are describing intensity interrogation approach with chalcogenide glass fibers. Also, achievement of proposed sensor is approximated in terms of its sensitivity and design parameters (length
of sensing area and core diameter of fiber) at various operating wavelengths falling in NIR region. The designed sensor has possibilities to produce higher sensitivity for detecting tissues of gastrointestinal tract.
Humidity Sensing Behavior of Nano-Particle Size Magnesium Chromites Derived from the Tannery Wastewater
Authors: Abdelmoaty A. S. , Hanna A. A. , Mousa S. M. , Sherief M. A. , Abd El-Ghany W. A.
Published: May 2020

The aim of this work is recovery the chromium content from the tannery wastewater to decrease the environmental pollution. Also, benefit the extracted chromium compound by study their electrical behavior to be used as humidity sensor device. The chromium content was extracted as a solid
power by using MgO for precipitation. The prepared dry powder was characterized by different process. The results of the characterizations indicate that the chromium content precipitated as MgCr2O4. The efficiency of separation reaches to 99.98%. The crystalline size
was calculated by applying Scherer equation, the calculation indicate that the MgCr2O4 formed in nano-sized particles and affected markedly with calcinations. As the calcination temperatures increase from 300 to 900 °C the crystalline size increases from 44.1 to 70.6
nm, this may due to growth the crystals by calcinations. To study the evaluation of MgCr2O4 as relative humidity (RH) sensors, the dried samples were exposed to different humidities between 22 to 92%. The electrical behaviors of humidity samples were measured to investigate
the humidity sensing. AC conductivity of both the dry and the humidity samples indicate that the conductivity increases as the humidity increase from 27 to 80 RH%. The variation of conductivity for both dried and humidity samples shows that as the humidity increases from 22 to 80, the conductivity
increases while above 80% the conductivity greatly increase. From the dependence of the electrical properties of MgCr2O4 on water content, it may conclude that, MgCr2O4 can be used as humidity sensors between 27 to 90%.
The Dynamics of Vortex Rossby Waves and Secondary Eyewall Development in Hurricane Matthew (2016): New Insights from Radar Measurements
Authors: Guimond Stephen R. , Reasor Paul D. , Heymsfield Gerald M. , McLinden Matthew M.
Published: May 2020

The structure of vortex Rossby waves (VRWs) and their role in the development of a secondary eyewall in Hurricane Matthew (2016) is examined from observations taken during the NOAA Sensing Hazards with Operational Unmanned Technology (SHOUT) field experiment. Radar measurements from ground-based and airborne systems, with a focus on the NASA High-Altitude Imaging Wind and Rain Airborne Profiler (HIWRAP) instrument on the Global Hawk aircraft, revealed the presence of ~12–15-km-wavelength spiral bands breaking from the inner-core eyewall in the downshear-right quadrant. The vorticity characteristics and calculations of the intrinsic phase speeds of the bands are shown to be consistent with sheared VRWs. A new angular momentum budget methodology is presented that allows an understanding of the secondary eyewall development process with narrow-swath radar measurements. Filtering of the governing equations enables explicit insight into the nonlinear dynamics of scale interactions and the role of the VRWs in the storm structure change. The results indicate that the large-scale (scales > 15 km) vertical flux convergence of angular momentum associated with the VRWs dominates the time tendency with smaller effects from the radial flux term. The small-scale (scales ≤ 15 km) vertical term produces weak, but nonnegligible nonlinear forcing of the large scales primarily through the Reynolds and cross-stress components. The projection of the wave kinematics onto the low-wavenumber (0 and 1) fields appears to be the more significant dynamic process. Flight-level observations show secondary peaks in tangential winds in the radial region where the VRW forcing signatures are active, connecting them with the secondary eyewall formation process.
Relationships between Immersion Freezing and Crystal Habit for Arctic Mixed-Phase Clouds—A Numerical Study
Authors: Hashino Tempei , de Boer Gijs , Okamoto Hajime , Tripoli Gregory J.
Published: May 2020

The number concentration of ice particles in Arctic mixed-phase clouds is a major controlling factor of cloud lifetime. The relationships between ice nucleation mode and ice crystal habit development are not yet constrained by observations. This study uses a habit-predicting microphysical scheme within a 3D large-eddy simulation model to evaluate the relationship between immersion freezing and ice habit in a simulated Arctic mixed-phase cloud case. Three immersion freezing parameterizations are considered: a volume-dependent freezing scheme (VF), a parameterization limited to activated droplets (C-AC), and a parameterization limited to coarse aerosol particles (C-CM). Both C-AC and C-CM are based on classical nucleation theory. The freezing rate with VF is found to be greater in downdraft regions than in updraft regions due to the downdraft having a higher number concentration of large droplets. The C-AC cases show active freezing of small droplets near cloud top, whereas in the C-CM cases, mainly the 8–32-μm-sized droplets freeze in updraft regions near the cloud base. Because the initial crystal size is assumed to affect the axis ratio of hexagonal plates, the VF cases produce crystals with larger axis ratios, resulting in smaller mode radii than the C-AC cases. In all cases, irregular polycrystals dominate near cloud top and a band-like structure develops within the cloud, which qualitatively agrees with previous observations. In the VF and C-CM cases, unactivated large droplets arising from coarse-mode aerosol particles contributed significantly to the freezing rate, producing an important influence on crystal habit.
Prediction Skill of the 2012 U.S. Great Plains Flash Drought in Subseasonal Experiment (SubX) Models
Authors: DeAngelis Anthony M. , Wang Hailan , Koster Randal D. , Schubert Siegfried D. , Chang Yehui , Marshak Jelena
Published: May 2020

Rapid-onset droughts, known as flash droughts, can have devastating impacts on agriculture, water resources, and ecosystems. The ability to predict flash droughts in advance would greatly enhance our preparation for them and potentially mitigate their impacts. Here, we investigate the prediction skill of the extreme 2012 flash drought over the U.S. Great Plains at subseasonal lead times (3 weeks or more in advance) in global forecast systems participating in the Subseasonal Experiment (SubX). An additional comprehensive set of subseasonal hindcasts with NASA’s GEOS model, a SubX model with relatively high prediction skill, was performed to investigate the separate contributions of atmospheric and land initial conditions to flash drought prediction skill. The results show that the prediction skill of the SubX models is quite variable. While skillful predictions are restricted to within the first two forecast weeks in most models, skill is considerably better (3–4 weeks or more) for certain models and initialization dates. The enhanced prediction skill is found to originate from two robust sources: 1) accurate soil moisture initialization once dry soil conditions are established, and 2) the satisfactory representation of quasi-stationary cross-Pacific Rossby wave trains that lead to the rapid intensification of flash droughts. Evidence is provided that the importance of soil moisture initialization applies more generally to central U.S. summer flash droughts. Our results corroborate earlier findings that accurate soil moisture initialization is important for skillful subseasonal forecasts and highlight the need for additional research on the sources and predictability of drought-inducing quasi-stationary atmospheric circulation anomalies.
A Simulation Study of Kelvin Waves Interacting with Synoptic Events during December 2016 in the South China Sea and Maritime Continent
Authors: Hsu Li-Huan , Tseng Li-Shan , Hou Shu-Yu , Chen Buo-Fu , Sui Chung-Hsiung
Published: May 2020

This study evaluates the model simulation of interaction between convectively coupled tropical disturbances in the South China Sea (SCS) and Maritime Continent (MC). The Model for Prediction Across Scales (MPAS) is used to simulate the major interaction events in December 2016 with a fixed 60-km horizontal resolution and a variable 60–15-km resolution. Compared with an observational analysis, the overall spatial and temporal evolution of simulated rainfall and circulation reveals the capability of MPAS for reproducing equatorial Kelvin waves (KWs), and the interactions with equatorial Rossby waves and off-equatorial mixed Rossby–gravity (MRG)/TD-type waves up to a 5–7-day lead in both fixed 60-km and variable 60–15-km resolutions. Two interaction events are further examined. One involves an MRG/TD wave, prevailing northeasterlies, and a Borneo vortex developed in SCS during 6–11 December. The other involves a KW converging with the easterly trade wind that led to an MRG/TD-type wave and the formation of Typhoon Nock-ten during 16–20 December. The MPAS 60–15-km resolution tends to produce stronger precipitation and more coherent vorticity structures in both interaction events. Increasing the resolution to 15 km contributes to better representation of finer spatial vorticity and rainfall structures.
“We All Have a Little More Homework to Do:”: A Constructivist Grounded Theory of Transformative Learning Processes for Practicing Music Teachers Encountering Social Justice
Authors: Salvador Karen , Paetz Allison M. , Tippetts Matthew M.
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate processes that led practicing music educators in a graduate course to examine their beliefs and practices regarding inclusion, responsiveness, equity, and justice. Using Charmaz’s constructivist approach to grounded theory, we interviewed 22 participants from MUS 8XX: Philosophy of Music Education. Constant comparative analysis yielded an explanatory framework, which we presented as a model and named “transformative learning processes (TLP) for practicing music teachers encountering social justice.” TLP comprises four interrelated components: “building Gemütlichkeit,” “grappling with difficult material,” “emotional intensity,” and “course structures,” with “stories” acting as a hub for each of the interconnected categories. By describing processes that led practicing teachers to examine their mindsets and plan to change their practices, TLP could provide guidance for music teacher educators at the graduate level regarding how to approach social justice topics in their teaching.
Associations Between Mother–Child Communication Apprehension, and Young Adult Resilience, Depressive Symptoms, and Self-Esteem
Authors: Curran Timothy , Seiter John , Guan Mengfei , White Taylor
Published: May 2020

This study tested associations between mother–child communication apprehension, adult child communication apprehension, and adult child resilience, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms. Data were collected from 154 mother–child dyads ( N =  308) who completed measures of communication apprehension, depressive symptoms, resilience, and self-esteem. Results showed that mother communication apprehension positively predicted adult child communication apprehension. Moreover, adult child communication apprehension predicted lower levels of resilience and self-esteem, and higher levels of depressive symptoms. Mother communication apprehension indirectly predicted all three psychological outcomes for adult children through adult children’s communication apprehension. We discuss the potential implications for communication apprehension and social skill training that could help families improve psychological problems.
Lloyd Leroy Hogan
Authors: Jones Barbara A. P.
Published: May 2020

Lloyd Leroy Hogan was the first permanent editor of The Review of Black Political Economy who edited Volumes IV through XI. Under his leadership, The Review became a primary journal devoted to understanding the forces and policies that influence the economic, social, and political forces that influence the well-being of African Americans; Third World economies, particularly those in Africa; and other members of the African diaspora. This article presents an overview of Hogan’s career and his contribution to the development of The Review.