bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Bone Marrow Transplantation on Sexual Functioning and it’s Relation to Depression and Anxiety
Authors: Bajoghli H. , Nejatisafa A. , Ghavamzadeh A. , Shamshiri A. , Manoukian A. , Asadi M. , Mohammadi A. , Talei M. , Abdi M.
Published: March 2009

Aims:

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of sexual dysfunctions and its relationship with depression and anxiety in a sample of patients underwent bone marrow transplantation (BMT).

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted in 135 married patients who underwent BMT at least 1 year before evaluation. Sexual dysfunctions assessed by a questionnaire that was derived from Sexual History Form and Sexual Problem Measure. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess depression and anxiety in patients.

Results:

Questionnaires were completed by 128 (82.5%) participant. Fifty three percents of participants was male. The mean age of participants was 39.57±8.74. Sexual dysfunctions in post BMT period were significantly more frequent than period prior to the beginning of oncologic malignancy (P< 0.05). Sexual activity was decreased significantly after BMT (P< 0.01). The three most prevalent sexual dysfunctions in male group were premature ejaculation(56%) and problem in orgasm(40%) and desire(32.7%), and in female group were problem in arousal(77%) and desire(77%) and painful intercourse(77%). Sexual dysfunction was more prevalent in female group.

According to HADS score, 42(32.8%) patients had clinical depression (HADS-D score>14) and 12 (9.8%) patients had clinical anxiety (HADS-A score>14). There was not any significant relationship between mean HADS-A and HADS-D scores and scores of sexual dysfunctions questionnaires.

Conclusion:

This study showed that sexual function and activity may be adversely affected by BMT. Factors other than anxiety and depression may have correlation with sexual dysfunction in these patients, of course limitation of this study should be considered.
Psychosocial Conditions and Suicidal Behavior in Pregnat Teenagers: A Case-control Study in Brazil
Authors: Freitas G. , Botega N.
Published: March 2009

Aim:

To compare the psychosocial profile and suicidal behavior of 110 pregnant teenagers (PT) with 110 non-pregnant teenagers (NPT).

Method:

Subjects were matched by age and residential district. A structured interview and psychometric scales were used. Uni-and multivariate logistic regression were performed.

Results:

Prevalence in the PT and the NPT groups were: attempted suicide (20.0% vs 6.3%); depression (26.3% vs 13.6%); anxiety (43.6% vs 28.0%). Univariate analysis revealed the following significant associations with pregnancy: relocation in the previous 3 years (odds ratio (OR) = 6); years of schooling ≤7 (OR = 3.4); dropping out of school (OR = 5.2); death of a parent during childhood (OR = 2.9); use of alcohol/drugs in the family (OR = 2.5); previous attempted suicide (OR = 3.6); suicide by a relative (OR = 2.1); threats of physical/sexual abuse (OR = 3.5); depression (OR = 2.2); low level of social support (OR = 4.2), psychosocial difficulties (OR = 4.4); prior use of marijuana (OR = 4.8); weekly intake of alcohol over the previous 12 months (OR = 4.2). Multivariate analysis identified the following associations: relocation (OR = 6.4); prior use of tobacco (OR = 2.9); dropping out of school (OR = 2.3); suicide by a social acquaintance (OR = 2.5).

Conclusion:

The PT case group exhibited a psychosocial profile whose characteristics clearly differentiate this group from the NPT control group. Preventive mental health care is needed to help pregnant teenagers because their behavioral pattern exposes them to high risk for suicide.
Gender Differences in Patients Admitted to Psychiatry: A 4-year Retrospective Study
Authors: Trancas B. , Ribeiro R. , Alexandre J. , Cardoso G.
Published: March 2009

Introduction:

Gender differences in mental health disorders may serve as a useful heuristic for integrating epidemiological and psychobiological data. The vast majority of mental disorders may express major gender-related variations in prevalence, natural history, symptoms, prognosis, and treatment outcome.

Aims:

To compare demographic and clinical characteristics of women and men admitted to a psychiatric unit.

Methods:

Retrospective data of all the patients admitted to a psychiatric inpatient unit, from January 2004 to December 2007, were reviewed. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the two genders were compared.

Results:

Of a total of 1114 patients admitted, 53.1% were women. They differed significantly from male inpatients in being older (46.7 vs. 40.7 years), less frequently black (14.6 vs. 25.4%), more frequently diagnosed with bipolar and delusional disorders, and in receiving fewer diagnosis of schizophrenia. Women had a longer average length of stay, a different seasonal pattern in admissions, with a much lower rate of admissions than men in December (38.6 vs. 61.4%), and a lower percentage of patients with three or more readmissions. Only 37.2% of the 180 compulsory admissions were of women.

Conclusion:

There are significant differences in clinical and demographic characteristics of female and male psychiatric inpatients. While some results may be explained by gender specific biological factors (as in the type of diagnosis), others are probably associated with different gender roles (as in the seasonality of admissions).
Gender Differences in the Lethality of Suicide Methods and Their Relation to Suicide Rates
Authors: Cibis A. , Bramesfeld A. , Mergl R. , Althaus D. , Niklewski G. , Schmidtke A. , Hegerl U.
Published: March 2009

Aims:

For developing suicide prevention interventions, epidemiologic, socio-economic and demographic factors influencing suicide rates are of high interest. One considerable factor in this respect is gender, as in most countries male suicide rates are much higher than female suicide rates with a global average male/female ratio of 3.6:1. The present study seeks to contribute to the clarification of the question what underlies the different suicide rates of men and women by analyzing gender-specific lethality of suicide methods.

Method:

Data on completed (fatal) and attempted (non-fatal) suicides from 2000 to 2004 were collected in two cities in the region of Bavaria, Germany. This data sample offers the opportunity to compare data of suicidal acts including completed as well as attempted suicides of the same region during the same time. The lethality for each suicide method was estimated by dividing the number of fatal episodes by the total episodes and then related to gender and age.

Results:

Lethality per method was higher for men than for women; significant differences could be shown for the majority of methods. Regarding age, lethality rising with age could be shown. Still, in higher age groups, differences in lethality between men and women were significant.

Conclusion:

Results stress the importance of gender-specific suicide prevention. Male-specific suicide-prevention should be concerned with improving access to and treatment of men under risk for suicidal behaviour. Addressing the problem through multifaceted programs therefore is a promising approach.
Description of Sociodemographic Variables of Inward Psychiatric Patients Coming from an International Airport
Authors: Sierra C. Erausquin , Soriano R. Martínez de Velasco , Velasco M.F. Pando , Cerezo E. Benítez , Ferrando I. Gobernado , Bonafonte A. Regidor , Redondo M. Lázaro , Moreno A. Chinchilla
Published: March 2009

Introduction:

Ramón y Cajal Hospital is the reference medical centre for Madrid-Barajas airport. Passengers arriving at the airport who need medical assistance are brought to this hospital. A percentage of these passengers require psychiatric evaluation and frequently need to be admitted into the ward for a certain length of time.

Objective:

Perform a descriptive analysis of the socio-demographic and clinical variables of inward psychiatric patients referred from Madrid-Barajas airport.

Methods:

Revise retrospectively clinical histories of inward psychiatric patients referred from Madrid-Barajas airport in the last 5 years.

Data is analyzed using the SPSS software 15.0 version.

Results:

We collected 99 patients, 54 of them (54.5%) are males. The 38.4% of the sample is in the age range between 25 and 34 years, and the 26.3% are between 35 and 44 years old. The most frequent countries of origin are European countries (57.6% of the sample). 28 patients of that group (49.1%) are Spanish citizens. Other 26% percent of the patients are from Centre or South-America. The most common syndromic diagnosis at discharge is psychotic disorder (62.6%) followed by affective disorder (22.2%).

Conclusion:

We can deduce from these data that the usual patient referred from Madrid-Barajas airport to the emergencies department for psychiatric attention is a male, between 25 and 34 years of age, from a European country, with a psychotic disorder that usually ends up in an admission into the psychiatric hospitalization unit.
Characterization of an Inpatient Ward in Portugal: What’s Different from a Decade Ago?
Authors: Fernandes J. , Corrêa B. Barahona , Talina M.
Published: March 2009

Inpatient wards have been changing over the last years because of a shift emphasizing community care. However, characterization of inpatient wards remains mandatory for evaluating the effectiveness of care.

Demographics, diagnosis classification, length of stay and destination after discharge were obtained for inpatients discharged during 2007 and compared with patients discharged in 1997.

Main results are as follows:

Variable199720072007 vs 1997Number of patients (beds)346 (30)403 (42)+16.5%Mean age, years (SD)38.97 ± 14.3338.97 ± 14.33 Female sex51.7%49.1% Length of stay, days (SD)22.17 ± 21.9924.57 ± 17.66+1.1%Diagnosis: Schizophrenia, Personality Disorders, Afective Disorders, Drug Psychosis, Alcohol/Substance Dependence/Abuse26.3%, 19.4%, 15.6%, 0.6%, 13.6%30.1%, 8.7%, 31.1%, 2.9%, 1.6%+14.4%, -55%, +99.4%, +483.3%, -88.4%Follow up in community team72.5%65%-10.3%Discharge against medical advice/Abandonment7.8%2.5%-68.2%

Differences in diagnosis appear to follow a trend, as depicted:

Affective disorders are currently the main diagnosis in our ward. Drug induced psychosis excess diagnoses may reveal increased substance abuse. Fewer admissions for substance abuse/dependence and personality disorders may reflect new specialized services for these patients. Introduction of the Mental Health Act in 1998, may explain the fewer patients discharged against medical advice/abandonments.
Teacher Reports of Emotional and Disruptive Behaviours in Portuguese Children
Authors: Gomes A.A. , Cabral A.S. , Marques M. , Pereira A.T. , Maia B. , Soares M.J. , Valente J. , Macedo A. , Clemente V. , Azevedo M.H.
Published: March 2009

The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of emotional and disruptive behaviours and the rates of hyperactivity, conduct and emotional problems in school-aged children. The Rutter Children’s Behaviour Questionnaire for completion by teachers was used to assess psychiatric symptoms. A total deviance score is derived from the sum of scores for the individual items (n= 26). An emotional sub-score can be obtained from the sum of scores of four items (worried, miserable, fearful, tears on arrival at school), a conduct sub-score obtained from the sum of scores of six items (destructive, fights, disobedient, lies, steals, bullies) and a hyperactivity sub-score obtained from the sum of scores of three items (restless/overactive, poor concentration, fidgety/squirmy). The sample comprised 877 children (446 girls) with an age range between 6 and 11 years. Compared to girls, boys showed a significantly higher frequency of restless/overactive (15.8% vs. 5.8%), fidgety/squirmy (9.3% vs. 3.6%), fights (6.3% vs. 2.2%), disobedient (6.0% vs. 2.7%), bullies (5.3% vs. 2.0%) and irritable (5.1% vs. 1.8%) behaviours. Rates of conduct and hyperactivity behavioural problems were also significantly more frequent in boys than in girls (conduct problems: 17.9% vs. 8.1%; hyperactivity problems: 20.4% vs. 9.6%). The high rates of disruptive behaviours and problems in boys are in accordance with the literature.
The Suicidal Adolescent Profile: A Comparative Study Between Adolescents with and without Suicidal Behaviours
Authors: Guerreiro D. , Neves E. , Navarro R. , Prioste A. , Ribeiro D. , Lila T. , Neves A. , Salgado M. , Santos N. , Sampaio D.
Published: March 2009

Context:

Suicide and suicidal behaviours are a growing concern among adolescents.

Objective:

Describe discriminating characteristics of adolescents with suicidal behaviours followed by our psychiatric consultations.

Methods:

A cross-sectional sample of 100 adolescents (aged 12 to 21), from the adolescent psychiatry and youth suicide consultations, at Hospital Santa Maria Psychiatry Department, were submitted to a semi-structured interview. The sample was divided in two groups: with and without suicidal behaviour (the first being defined has previous suicide attempt, parasuicidal gestures or self-mutilation). Demographic, psychosocial and psychopathological data was taken and compared.

Results:

98 completed protocol. Suicidal behaviour group included 48 subjects. Age, years of education, family type, sex differences, psychosocial difficulties (school, family, peers, affective), therapeutic objectives (exception on family relations) were not statistically discriminating. Suicidal ideation as consultation motive, emergency room referral, previous attempts of follow-up, not having as objective improvement of family relationships, were highly associated to the suicidal behaviour group (p≤0.001). A non significant tendency was observed towards depressive syndrome in the latter.

Conclusion:

Identifying adolescents at risk for suicidal behaviours isn't an easy task, most characteristics are not discriminating. The most effective way seems to be asking directly about suicidal ideas. Awareness should increase in emergency room referrals motivated by suicidal ideas, in adolescents who tried multiple follow-ups and that seem to be disappointed by family support.
Gender Difference in Parental Psychiatric Morbidity in the Aftermath of 2005 South Asian Earthquake
Authors: Gul M. , Faruqui R.
Published: March 2009

Background:

The South Asian Earthquake of 2005 had a devastating impact on family lives; almost 76,400 people lost their lives, and thousands more sustained disabling injuries.

Study design:

An epidemiological study, to study psychiatric morbidity amongst parents of deceased children, was carried out at Balakot, Pakistan. The area was chosen due to much lesser migration of the original inhabitant to other part of the country. The study was carried out in April-May 2006, six months after the earthquake.

Method:

80% of the eligible population participated in the study. The psychiatric instruments that were used in the study included, Pakistan Anxiety & Depression Questionnaire, Hopkins Symptoms Check list- 25 (Urdu-Version) and Rater administered DSM-IV, PTSD questionnaire (Urdu) for diagnosis of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. The assessment schedules were administered by medical students, trained to administer above instruments and questionnaires.

Results:

133 subjects participated in the study. Participants mean age was 39 years. Amongst the participants, 20% lost their spouse in the earthquake. There was statistically significant difference in the prevalence of probable diagnosis of depression or anxiety disorder between the male and female population as assessed by PADQ (P< 0.01). Mean HSCL-25 anxiety and depression sub-scale scores also showed a statistically significant gender difference (P< 0.01). 49% met the DSM-IV criteria for diagnoses of PTSD. A higher proportion of female population suffered from PTSD (P< 0.01).

Conclusion:

The recognition of gender difference in psychiatric morbidity in disaster affected areas has important implications for emergency serviced delivery and long term planning of service provision.
Depression and Anxiety Symptom Severity and Psychiatric Disorders in Children with Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria
Authors: Herguner S. , Ozyildirim I. , Kilic G.
Published: March 2009

Aim:

Chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) is a frequently occurring disease that seems to be associated with a number of psychological factors. This study aims to determine the frequency of psychiatric disorders and to assess the depression and anxiety symptom severity in a group of children with chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU).

Method:

The study group included 30 children, ranging in age from 8 to 16 years, with CIU who attended to the Pediatric Allergy Clinic of the Istanbul Faculty of Medicine and 30 healthy subjects matched for age and sex. The psychiatric disorders were evaluated by using Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL). State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) and Child Behavior Checklist (4-18) were used to examine the levels of depression and anxiety.

Results:

The K-SADS-PL revealed a psychiatric diagnosis in 63% of the patients. In terms of the distribution of psychiatric diagnoses, the most frequently occurring diagnosis was anxiety disorders (33%), namely simple phobia (21%) and social anxiety disorder (18%). State anxiety scores were significantly higher in children with CIU than controls but not trait anxiety and depression scores. No significant relationships were found between urticaria activity score, duration of illness, age onset and depression and anxiety scores.

Conclusion:

Psychiatric disorders were frequent in the group children with CIU. Clinicians should be more aware of accompanying psychiatric symptoms in this group of cases.
Parental Burden of Mentally Ill In-patients Assessed
Authors: Koelch M. , Schmid M. , Fegert J.M.
Published: March 2009

Aim:

About a third of all inpatients in psychiatric hospitals are parents of children aged below 18 years. The mental illness of a parent and especially the need of inpatient treatment burdens families. This study was contributed to assess parental stress, behavioural and emotional problems of the children and the desires of psychiatric inpatients for support. Barriers and obstacles as well as positive experience with support for their children were assessed.

Method:

All psychiatric hospitals in a county with about 1.5 million inhabitants in South-West Germany participated in this study. From 643 inpatients after drop-out 83 (54 female, 29 male) patients with non full aged children were questioned with inventories as the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), the Parental Stress Scael (PSS) and further assessments.

Results:

Parents reported about an increased level of stress by parenthood (PSS mean 41.9, SD 9.4). Psychopathology of the children influenced the stress of the mentally ill parents. Although an increased level of parental stress was quoted, patients avoided professional support.

Conclusion:

Our results prove the high negative attitude of mentally ill parents against youth welfare service which must be reduced by active information policy and offers in collaboration with the treating psychiatrist of the parents to reduce parental burden.
Prevalence of Restless Legs Syndrome in Psychiatric Population
Authors: Lattova Z. , Keckeis M. , Pollmacher T.
Published: March 2009

Objective:

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a common condition, with reported prevalence between 1-15% in general population. To the best of our knowledge, there is no data on the prevalence of RLS in psychiatric inpatient population.

Method:

With the exception of drug/alcohol dependent and gerontopsychiatric patients, patients consecutively admitted to the Centre of Mental Health at the Klinikum Ingolstadt between December 2006 and March 2007 were interviewed by an experienced clinician to assess the presence of RLS. The severity of the symptoms was assessed by the International Restless Legs Severity Scale (IRLS).

Results:

214 patients were interviewed (age 45.6 ±14.8, 60% females). 22 patients (10.3%) fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for RLS (age 49.2 ±15.0, 73% females, mean IRLS score 20 ± 8.9). In addition, 6.3% of RLS symptoms free patients reported to have had these symptoms in the history. There were slightly more RLS patients diagnosed with an affective disorder compared to the entire sample distribution and there were considerably less RLS patients in the group of psychotic disorders. 4.3% of the total data sample had a positive family history for RLS. As assessed by simple regression analysis there were no particular differences in medication patters between RLS patients and the entire sample.

Conclusion:

We report here for the first time the prevalence of RLS in psychiatric inpatients. The prevalence rate is on the upper range of that reported for the general population. In addition, 6.3% of RLS symptoms free inpatients reported to have had these symptoms in the history.
Sibling Risk of Anxiety Based on Hospitalizations in Sweden
Authors: Li X. , Sundquist J. , Sundquist K.
Published: March 2009

Background:

Familial risks of anxiety have been assessed in small case-control studies, usually based on reported, but not medically verified anxiety in family members; thus the degree of familial clustering for this disease remains to be established.

Methods:

This 1 January 1973 to 31 December 2004 study of the entire population of Sweden linked information on family relationships from the nationwide Multi-Generation Register with information from the nationwide Swedish Hospital Discharge Register on first diagnoses of anxiety. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated by comparing risk in siblings of persons hospitalized for anxiety with risk in persons whose siblings had no hospital diagnosis of anxiety.

Results:

The sibling risk was 3.02, which was independent of gender and age differences between siblings. The SIR was highest in siblings < 20 years of age (3.99). Analysis of subtype risk showed that having a sibling diagnosed with any anxiety disorder resulted in increased risk of a number of disorders; highest increased risk was of social phobias (SIR 4.70, 95% CI, 1.96-11.0). Risk of Panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and mixed anxiety and depressive disorders was raised in female but not male siblings.

Conclusions:

Heritable effects likely play an important role in the etiology of anxiety disorders, but the extent of their role remains to be established. Important contributions could be made by studies of gene-environment interactions that have sufficient sample sizes to produce reliable results.
Regards Through Adolescence: Comparison Between an Adolescent’s Suicidal Behaviour Consultation and an Adolescence Consultation
Authors: Santos N. , Sampaio D. , Neves A. , das Neves E. Lima , Salgado M. , Navarro R. , Guerreiro D. , Prioste A. , Ribeiro D. , Lila T.
Published: March 2009

The aim of this study is a comparison between two different adolescents’ consultations: NES Consultation, which assists youngsters from 11 to 21 years old with self-destructive behaviours and Adolescence Consultation, which assists adolescents from 13 to 21 years old, without any specific diagnose or psychopathology.

Our sample it is composed of 100 youngsters, 15 males and 35 females from NES C (average age 15.5) and 14 males and 36 females from AC group (average age 15.6).

Data was collected from semi-structure interviews (at the assessment moment) and clinical documentation forms, analysed with SPSS program, through qui-square test (nominal variables).

Major findings: absence of significant differences between youngsters who cut themselves in the two consultations; in reported difficulties category, the hypothesis that there would be significant differences between the two groups was not fully confirm, it figured to be only true for school difficulties sub-category; significant differences found on depressive syndromatic diagnose sub-category; the results on source of reference category showed a significant difference between the groups we studied; the number of adolescents from the AC who have previously had suicidal ideation, although significantly different from NES C, can't be disregard. Inquiring about suicidal ideas and thoughts whenever attending an adolescent in difficulties should be the standard, not the exception, recognizing that we will not be able to bring to an end suicide but listening and understanding the suffering adolescent, we can win some time, and at the meantime, plenty of things can change.
Psychiatric Family History in Juvenile Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Mata L. , Perez R. , Garcia R. , Sanchez F. , Jimenez C. , Otero J.
Published: March 2009

Introduction:

The presence of mental illness in any of the parents can be a stressful factor in the child and be in certain way generator of disease. AIMS describe and quantify the psychiatric family history in patients who were consecutively referred to the outpatient department of children and adolescent psychiatry,mental health community center of collado villalba, Madrid

Material and method:

Obtain data of a series of cases filing a card of the 18-year-old minor patients who in September, October, November and December, 2007 come for the first time to our mental health community center.

Results:

The total number of patients were 114. There were psychiatric family history in 36,8% (N=42), the mother was or had been in psychiatric treatment in 28% (N=31)) of the cases, the father in 15% (N=17) and the brothers in 7 % (N=8), the most frequent diagnoses in mothers it were neurosis in 21 % (N=24), toxic abuse in 3,5% (N=4) and personality disorder in 1,8% (N=2), toxic abuse was the most frequent with 8,8% (N=10) in parents, followed by neurosis diagnosed in 4,4% (N=5), the most frequent diagnoses in brothers was the emotional disorder in 4,4,% (N=5). The mean age of parents was 41,34 (SE =6,34), in mothers was 38,43 (SE=6,59).

Conclusions:

We have to consider the existence of some kind of psychiatric family history in the therapeutic plan of the patient.
Incidence of Suicide Attempts in Madrid: Characteristics of the Attempts and Response of the Health System
Authors: Miret M. , Morant C. , Nuevo R. , Jiménez M. , Reneses M. , López M. , Ávila C. , Ayuso-Mateos J.L.
Published: March 2009

Background:

Suicide is a serious public health problem. In 2005, 793 people were hospitalized in Madrid due to suicide attempt. However, most of the attempts do not require hospitalization and patients are discharged after the intervention in the emergency units. With the aim to implement local policies to prevent suicide, it is important to know the whole spectrum of suicide attempts that contact emergency units in Madrid.

Aims:

To explore the incidence of suicide attempts assisted in the public health system in Madrid and to analyze their characteristics and the response of the health system.

Method:

Clinical reports of all patients attempting suicide were analyzed during 4 months in 4 general public hospitals (covering 44.7% of the whole population) in the Community of Madrid.

Results:

1009 suicide attempts committed by 921 people (66.2% women) were collected, with an incidence of 34.3 people per 100.000 in 4 months. 57 people (6.2%) committed more than one attempt (range 2 to 10, mean=2.5 ± 1.3). After the emergency intervention 71.9% of the patients were discharged, 25.3% hospitalized, 2.6% fled, and 0.2% died. Regarding suicidal ideation, 7.5% presented very high levels during evaluation, while 13.1% had high levels, 20.3% moderate and 47.3% had no suicidal ideation.

Conclusion:

Compared with other European countries, our findings show moderate incidence of suicide attempts, most of which were mild, treated in the emergency units and derived to outpatient psychiatric follow-up. These results suggest places to develop and implement prevention measures.

Funded by Instituto de Salud Pública de Madrid.
Coping and Pediatric Dentistry
Authors: Nancy J. , Quintard B.
Published: March 2009

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to build a tool of evaluation of the strategies the children use during a dental care.

Method:

30 children (from 6 to 15 years old), 15 parents and 10 dentists participated in semi-directive conversations and in observations.

Results:

An analysis of thematic contents of the conversations and the observations allowed to kick away five categories of strategies and to classify them according to the moment of the meeting.

Conclusion and perspectives:

Questionnaires (behaviour, relation, cognition, emotion and somatic) were built. Once validated, these tools should allow to assess the strategies used by the child during a dental care and to individualize the way of treating them.
Analysis of Data of a Sample of Patients Attended by Psychiatry Staff at the Emergencies Department of Ramón y Cajal Hospital
Authors: De la Vega D. , González R. , Erausquin C. , Gobernado I. , Gómez R. , Pando M.F. , Benitez E. , Álvarez T. , Chinchilla A.
Published: March 2009

Introduction:

Ramón y Cajal Hospital is the reference hospital for area 4 (Madrid), which covers a population of more than 540.000 people. The psychiatric emergencies are one of the most frequent demands at the Emergency Department (ER)

Objectives:

•

Analysis of the cause of psychiatric demand and how it is made: who asks for help and who sends the patient to the hospital.

•

Analysis of the syndromic diagnosis, derivation and therapeutical attitude at discharge.

Material and methods:

With data from sample of 145 patients attended by the emergency psychiatry staff between the 15th - 30th August 2008, we performed a descriptive analysis using SSPS 15.0 version in Spanish

Results:

•

Most common reason of consultation was nervousness (22%), being the patient the one who demanded evaluation (31,5%). Less commonly, the patient was sent from the local Mental Health Center (1,37%). Patients usually come accompanied by relatives (41%).

•

The most frequent syndromic diagnosis at discharge was “affective disorder” (23%),being usually derived to the local Mental Health Center (54%). Modifying the previous treatment after the consultation (37%) was nearly as frequent as leaving the previous one (35%).Starting a new treatment after consultation at the ER was rare (14%).

Conclusion:

The profile of the patient attended by the psychiatry staff on duty in our hospital, is a patient who demands psychiatric evaluation, comes accompanied by relatives, consults for nervousness, is discharged with a diagnosis included in the spectrum of “affective disorders”, and is derived to the local Mental Health Center.
Perceptions About Mental Health in the City of Campinas (Brazil- SP)
Authors: Perrone E. , Banzato C. , Sasazawa D. , Kimura S.
Published: March 2009

Objectives:

To evaluate aspects related to the psychiatric attendance in Campinas and population knowledge about mental disorders.

Methods:

Participants of a public event were invited to answer a questionnaire about sociodemographyc aspects and knowledge about mental health.

Results:

The 88 questionnaires showed that there was uniform distribution between sexes and that 50 % of subjects were between 41 and 65 years. The most people have concluded the primary and secondary school. About religion, 55,7 % were Catholics and 26,1% protestants. The study showed that 23% of the subjects have looked for a psychiatrist in last year, the most at primary care health, but only 4,35% said there was no psychiatrist for them. Beyond the psychiatrist, psychologists and spiritualists are looking to solve mental disorders. People consider suicide idea as a disorder that must be treated by psychiatrist more than the eating disorders. “Listen voices that do not exist” was considered as reason to look for psychiatrist, being an opinion more prevalent between Catholics than protestants (O.R = 1.67). The people with first or second grade think that spiritual works produce mental disorders more than those who are graduated. (OR=3.97). When the information about mental illness is TV the people have more chance to believe that spiritual works can produce mental disorders (OR=1.67).

Conclusion:

Psychiatric attendance is accessible for most people at primary health care in Campinas. The looking for psychiatrist comes with other professionals. The concept about mental disorders is influenced by level and source of information, sex and religion.
Smoker Suicide Rates and Risks in the United States and Frankfurt, Germany
Authors: Leistikow B. , Petronis K. , Kettner M. , Willits N. , Schneider B.
Published: March 2009

Background:

Suicide and smoking are immense, growing, associated global problems. Recent general population suicide rates and ratios by smoking status are unknown though in past reports, smokers had near three-fold hazard ratios of suicide among health professionals. So we assessed recent suicide rates and rate ratios in the general population of the United States (US) and Frankfurt, Germany.

Methods:

US National Health Interview Survey interviewees from 1987, 1988, and 1990-94 with near complete follow up through 2002 (representing the US adult non-institutionalized population) and all suicides in 1999-2000 among adult residents of Frankfurt, their proxy respondents, control subjects, and census data were studied using survival time methods. Age was categorized in both samples as 18-30, 31-60 and 61+ years.

Results:

The respective US versus Frankfurt crude suicide rates per 100,000 were 13.8 (95% confidence interval (CI) 12.4-15.5) versus 17.7 (CI 15.0-20.5) overall, 7.9 (CI 6.4-9.9) versus 12.0 (CI 9.2-14.7) in never smokers, and 22.9 (CI 19.5-27.0) versus 32.0 (CI 24.5-39.6) in current smokers. Smoker suicide rate ratios relative to never smokers ranged from 2.1 (males) to 4.2 (females) in US groups and 1.5 (ages 61+ years) to 3.7 (ages 31-60 years) in Frankfurt groups (each p< 0.05).

Discussion:

In both the US and Frankfurt, Germany, large absolute and relative excesses of suicide are seen in smokers. Reducing the prevalence of smoking might greatly reduce suicide rates, especially in young and middle-aged adults and US females.

Acknowledgements:

This study was funded by Pfizer, Inc.
Frequency of Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempts in German Adolescents from a School Sample
Authors: Plener P.L. , Kapusta N.D. , Kölch M. , Ludolph A.G. , Keller F.
Published: March 2009

Objective:

This study aimed to examine the lifetime-prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and depressive symptoms in a community sample of non-referred German adolescents.

Method:

The Self Harm Behavior Questionnaire (SHBQ) and the German version of the Center for Epidemiological studies- Depression scale (CES-D) were used to assess suicidal ideation, suicide threats, suicide attempts, and depression scores in a German school sample (n=665; age range:14-17; mean age: 14.81; SD: 0.66).

Results:

Lifetime suicidal ideation was reported by 239 (35.94 %) students, of whom 102 had planned an attempt and 41 had already started preparations. 104 (15.64 %) students reported, that they had at least once in their lifetime threatened others to commit suicide. Actually conducted suicide attempts were reported by 43 (6.47 %) students, of whom only five reported, that they had received medical treatment after their attempt. Depression scores were elevated in adolescents reporting suicidal ideation (mean CES-D score: 21.92; p< .0001) and suicide attempts (mean CES-D score: 22.86; p< .0001).

Conclusion:

In accordance with international prevalence rates, suicidal ideation is a common phenomenon among adolescents. A small proportion of a school sample, with elevated levels of depressive symptomatology, reports suicide attempts. This fact highlights the need for awareness and prevention programmes within the school context.
The Prevalence of Sexual Disorders in Veterans (Iran-Iraq war) and Their Spouses
Authors: Shabani M.
Published: March 2009

Introduction:

Taking the prevalence of the sexual disorders -which in some studies is reported from 18% to 79% - into account and considering the fact that only a small percentage of the sexual patients refer to the physicians in order to treat their sexual problems. With regard to several problems which the veterans encounter in their personal and social lives, it seems that sexual disorders in these patients and their spouses are widespread.

Methodology:

In this research performed in the descriptive-temporal method, a questionnaire including all types of sexual disorders in men and women was provided and after standardization by 398 veterans and their spouses.

Results:

The results of this research are reported as follows; the prevalence of decrease the sexual desire in the veterans is 65/1%, the inability in erection 64/4%, difficulty in erection 60%, disorder in the continuation of erection 85/3%, and premature ejaculation 55%. In addition, the spouses of these veterans are encountered problems like the prevalence of the disorders in sexual desire with the rate of 25/4%, aversion of the sexual intercourse 7%, painfulness within sexual intercourse 8/8%, lack of excitement and vagina drought 10/3%, the disorder in orgasm 14/6%, and the inability in enjoying the sexual intercourse 14/3%.

Discussion and conclusion:

The high level of prevalence of sexual disorders considered in this research clarifies the necessity and importance of the educational, consultation and the treatment programs for these groups and their spouses.
Epidemiologic Survey of Changes Trend of Mental Disorders Among the Women Referring to Health Centers in Semnan in 2005-2007
Authors: Shahbazinodeh A. , Hashemi M. Sadat , Behnam B.
Published: March 2009

Aims:

The epidemiology of mental disorders plays a significant role in the identification of the current status of mental health in society. As women play important role in protecting the mental health of the members of family and society. Therefore the aim of this study was epidemiologic survey of changes trend of mental disorders among the women in urban and rural regions in Semnan.

Method:

In this study mental condition of the married women has been studied. To do this a questionnaire (Scle-90-R) counting questions about anxiety, depression and etc., via interview was completed by questionnaires. Sampling was done in the form of stratification in which population affiliated each health center considered as a stratification and appropriate with volume, a share from total sampling was allocated to it. A at the end of, 970 cases contributed with us data were analyzed by using spss10 frequency tables and statistical graphs.

Results:

In this research91.7% (893cases) were urban and 8.3% (81cases) were rural. With the age mean 25.8±5 years were studied. The survey was shown that aggression, depression and psychosis have been increased individuals during the study. However anxiety, compulsive, inter personal sensitivity, somatic complains, paranoid and phobia have been decreased.

Conclusion:

Considering the high prevalence of the above disorders, setting up the psychiatric and psychological sections for women is necessary in the health centers.
Consumption of Drugs in the Adolescence
Authors: Albuquerque C.M. Sousa , Rodrigues V.M. Costa , Carvalho A. , Gonçalves A. , Carvalho G. , Mota C.P. Baptista
Published: March 2009

It is a consummate fact that the youths occupy, during the adolescence most of the day in the school, being that many prominent behaviours for the health are initiated in this phase of the life. It is for that fundamental that the schools be health promoters spaces.Objectives : to know the age of initiation to the consumption of alcoholic beverages, tobacco and illicit drugs in this sample; to calculate the prevalence rate of these consumption; to identify priority areas to approach in the Health Education process.

This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study, that is going to identify behaviours of risk for the health of High School students of Douro Region. The sample is constituted by 466 students of seven schools. The data were collected through a questionnaire on line, of Janeiro to March of 2007, disposed in the site http://jovemsaudavel.com.sapo.pt, designed for the effect. In the data treatment we utilize the statistical descriptive and the qui-square test.

The ages average of initiation to the consumption of alcoholic beverages, tobacco and illicit drugs is 12,5, 12,3 and 13,6 years, whereas the prevalence's of these consumption are 38,9%, 16,9% and 6,0%, respectively. Highlights-itself the sporadic consumption of alcoholic beverages (28,4%), the abusive consumption of tobacco (9,4%) and of illicit drugs (1,8%). The boys swallow beverages and smoke with bigger frequency than the girls ((c2: p = 0,006 and 0,001). They had intercourse relations already 27,7% of the students of this sample, of the which 11,9% did not use protection.
Validation of an Enlarged French Version of the Lie/Bet Questionnaire for Screening Pathological Gambling Behaviour
Authors: Tomei A. , Baumgartner N. , Dimova S. , Hasenhoeller A. , Renaud J.-S. , Simon O. , Tichelli E. , Zumwald C. , Rihs-Middel M.
Published: March 2009

The aim of the study is to validate an enlarged version of the Lie/Bet questionnaire for screening pathological gambling behaviour (Johnson, Hamer & Nora, 1998) in French. This version of the Lie/Bet has the following features: it was enlarged with one item derived from de CAGE screening for alcoholism (Ewing, 1984) and items were rated on a 4-points scale ranging from ‘All the time’ to ‘Never’ instead of being rated on a ‘Yes/No’ scale. The addition of the third item meets the need for a measure of social irritability about gambling. The use of 4-options responses scales is motivated by the necessity to measure severity of problem gambling and allow parametric epidemiological analysis. The study was conducted on three samples: one group of people concerned with gambling who participated to an online survey about gambling (N= 36), one group of out patients (N=33) and one group of respondents to the Swiss Health Survey 2007 (N=75). Analyses were conducted to measure internal consistency and convergent validity of the instrument. Results show good internal consistency of the enlarged Lie/Bet as well as good convergent validity.
Psychotropic Drugs Involved in Serious Intentional Drug Overdose
Authors: Tournier M. , Grolleau A. , Cougnard A. , Moore N. , Verdoux H. , Molimard M.
Published: March 2009

Objectives:

To describe the types of psychotropic drugs ingested during intentional drug overdose (IDO) in subjects consecutively admitted to an emergency department and to assess which ones were a prognostic factor associated with increased morbidity during hospitalization.

Methods:

Demographic characteristics, psychiatric history, current drug treatment, characteristics of the IDO were collected for 1654 patients admitted for IDO with psychotropic drugs (anxiolytics, hypnotics, antidepressants, antipsychotics and mood stabilizers). IDOs were a priori categorized as serious if associated with at least one of the following outcomes or technical events: death, hospitalization in the ED longer than 48 hours, respiratory support, use of vasopressive drugs, cardiac massage or dialysis. All types of psychotropic drugs were entered into a logistic regression model adjusted for age and gender. A stepwise selection was used to assess the types independently associated with serious IDO. Then, numerous confounding variables were entered one at a time in the final model.

Results:

Nearly all the patients ingested psychotropic medications during the IDO (88.4%), most often benzodiazepines (71.6%), and half used at least two various psychotropic products. Serious IDO was associated with tricyclics (OR 5.7; 95%CI 3.3-9.8), lithium (OR 4.3; 95%CI 1.6-11.6), carbamates (OR 2.7; 95%CI 1.8-4), anticonvulsants (OR 2.4: 95%CI 1.4-4.3), first-generation antipsychotics (OR 2.4; 95%CI 1.7-3.5) or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (OR 1.6; 95%CI 1.1-2.3).

Conclusion:

Some drugs may be dangerous because of low toxic doses; prescriptions of short duration may be recommended. Moreover, for safety reasons, prescribers may prefer SSRIs to tricyclics and benzodiazepines to carbamates or phenothiazines.
Environmental Correlations of Acute Psychiatric Admissions and Suicides in Prague, Czech Republic. Results of Pilot Study
Authors: Vimmer M. , Cihal L. , Bartakova M. , Laufíková M. , Domluvilova D. , Poradovska J. , Paclt I.
Published: March 2009

Objective:

Seasonal variance and climatic factors interrelated in incidence of psychiatric disorders and suicide have been attracting attention of resarchers for centuries. Still there are known just a few studies on the topic, once accomplished in remote times and parts of the world, which results might be found just controversial.

This pilot study analyses correlations in one year data on acute psychiatric admissions and suicides along with many objective physical parameters.

Method:

Used data are collected from two main psychiatric hospitals in Prague (1.5 mil. inhabitants), scientific institutes of Czech Academy of Science and Czech statistical office. Daily numbers of acutely admitted psychiatric patients during the year of 2005 (N = 3304) and suicides (N = 152) include persons of productive age, both gender, 18-65 years old. The daily admission rates, suicides and their distribution during the year and many climatic objective variables are treated with contemporary statistical methods.

Results:

Acute daily psychiatric admission rate seems to be significantly correlated with maximal daily temperature (x2, p= 0.05), quarters of the year (anova, p=0.003; x2, p=0.034), days of week (anova, p=0.001), weekends (t-test, p=0.0001), bank holidays (t-test, p=0.048).

Daily numbers of suicide do not significantly correspond with the variables meant above.

The strongest finding seems to be high risk of suicide in low air humidity condition: ODDS = 1.76.

Conclusion:

Daily incidence of suicidality and acute psychiatric disorders differ in seasonal distribution and supposed relations to climatic factors. The study in wider complexity to be continued.
Who Gets How Much Care in Psychiatric Outpatient Clinics and Why? [P02-128]
Authors: Wedegaertner F. , Holler G. , Emrich H.M.
Published: March 2009

Aims:

German psychiatric outpatient clinics have been established to treat the sickest among outpatients. They receive a lump sum per patient and quarter. This reimbursement is currently under scrutiny, because it can act as a disincentive for the care-givers and to the disadvantage of the patients. It was the aim of this study to elucidate the connections between individual aspects and concerns of the patients and the amount of care administered.

Method:

Clients of one of the largest health insurers, who visited a preselected outpatient clinic were followed for six months (p=339). All treatment activities were logged individually. Relevant sociodemographic data, the diagnoses, the individual needs and idiosyncracies, the course of the symptoms and case history were noted. Associations between the factors and utilization were tested by ANOVA and multiple linear regression models.

Results:

The regression model with the best fit (r2=0,48, p< 0,001) included five variables. Lower utilization is associated with living in nursing home (ß=-0,378; p< 0,001), higher age (ß=-0,273; p< 0,001), legal incapacity (ß=-0,306,p=0,002) and lower social functioning (ß=-0,187; p=0,033); higher utilization with inpatient days prior to outpatient treatment (ß=0,168; p=0,015). Treatment aims, isolated functional deficits, diagnoses and graveness of symptoms did not have a significant influence.

Conclusions:

Outpatient clinics should address the needs of younger patients with the aspiration of an independent life despite of a grave psychiatric disorder. Treatments administered to nursing-home inhabitants are much less complex, although these patients are even sicker. A corresponding reallocation of financial resources is suggested.