bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are birdwatchers willing to participate in local goose management? A case study from Sweden
Authors: Eriksson Louise , Johansson Maria , Månsson Johan , Sandström Camilla , Eklund Ann , Elmberg Johan
Published: February 2023

Stakeholder involvement in wildlife management is important and requires knowledge about factors motivating such participation. With several goose populations increasing in Europe and goose management incorporating multiple objectives, involvement of stakeholder groups with diverse interests is needed. In this study, we examined how evaluations of geese (attitude and acceptance capacity), but also experiences of birdwatching and birdwatcher identity, were associated with willingness to participate in local goose management. A survey among members of Sweden’s largest birdwatching organization was conducted (n = 5010). The majority of respondents, 64%, displayed a divided evaluation of geese, most frequently in terms of an overall positive attitude towards geese but a low acceptance for current goose population levels (i.e. acceptance capacity). Birdwatchers’ willingness to participate in goose management was generally low. Whereas they were more willing to take part in goose counts (i.e. monitoring) than to participate in local goose management groups, they were least willing to contribute to mitigating crop damage through scaring geese. Results further revealed that birdwatchers with a divided evaluation of geese and an entirely positive evaluation displayed the highest willingness to participate in goose management. However, a stronger distinct birdwatcher identity as a result of more birdwatching experiences was even more strongly associated with higher willingness to take part in goose management. The results highlight a need to intensify efforts to engage stakeholder groups with an interest in conservation issues in the participatory goose management system in Europe.
Implementation of Guidelines on Family Involvement for Persons with Psychotic Disorders (IFIP): A Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Hestmark Lars , Romøren Maria , Heiervang Kristin Sverdvik , Hansson Kristiane Myckland , Ruud Torleif , Šaltytė Benth Jūratė , Norheim Irene , Weimand Bente , Pedersen Reidar
Published: February 2023

Family involvement is part of the evidence-based treatment for persons with psychotic disorders, yet is under-implemented despite guideline recommendations. This study assessed whether an implementation support programme increased the adherence to guidelines on family involvement, compared to guideline/manual only. In a cluster randomised design, community mental health centre units in South-East Norway went through stratified allocation to the experimental (n = 7) or control (n = 7) arm. Experimental clusters received an implementation support programme including clinical training and supervision, appointing a family coordinator and an implementation team, a toolkit, and fidelity measurements at baseline, 12, 18, and 24 months with on-site feedback and supervision. Control clusters received no such support and had fidelity measurements at baseline and 24 months without feedback. During fidelity measurements, adherence to the guidelines was measured with the basic family involvement and support scale, the general organizational index, and the family psychoeducation fidelity scale, the latter being the primary outcome. The scales consist of 12–14 items rated from 1 to 5. Data was analysed with an independent samples t-test, linear mixed models, and a tobit regression model. At 24 months, the mean scores were 4.00 or higher on all scales in the experimental arm, and the increase in adherence to the guidelines was significantly greater than in the control arm with p-values < 0.001. Large-scale implementation of guidelines on family involvement for persons with psychotic disorders in community mental health centres may be accomplished, with substantial implementation support.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03869177. Registered 11.03.19.
Safety and anti-tumor activity of lisavanbulin administered as 48-hour infusion in patients with ovarian cancer or recurrent glioblastoma: a phase 2a study
Authors: Joerger Markus , Hundsberger Thomas , Haefliger Simon , von Moos Roger , Hottinger Andreas F. , Kaindl Thomas , Engelhardt Marc , Marszewska Michalina , Lane Heidi , Roth Patrick , Stathis Anastasios
Published: February 2023

Purpose. Lisavanbulin (BAL101553) is the prodrug of avanbulin (BAL27862), a microtubule-destabilizing agent. The goal of this study (NCT02895360) was to characterize the safety, tolerability and antitumor activity of lisavanbulin administered as a 48-hour intravenous (IV) infusion at the recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D) of 70 mg/m2. Results from the Phase 1 dose-escalation portion of the study identifying the RP2D have been previously reported. Here, we present the findings from the Phase 2a portion of this study. Methods. This multi-center, open-label study included patients with ovarian, fallopian-tube, or primary peritoneal cancer that was either platinum-resistant or refractory (11 patients), or with first recurrence of glioblastoma (12 patients). Lisavanbulin was administered as a 48-hour IV infusion on Days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle. Results. Lisavanbulin was well tolerated in both patient cohorts. Thirteen patients (56.5%) developed 49 adverse events assessed as related to study treatment. The majority were mild or moderate; four were grade 3/4. Sixteen SAEs were reported in nine patients (39.1%), with none considered related to study treatment. No AEs led to permanent treatment discontinuation. Three patients in the ovarian cancer cohort had stable disease with lesion size reductions after two cycles of treatment; in the glioblastoma cohort, one patient showed partial response with a > 90% glioblastoma area reduction as best response, and one patient had stable disease after eight cycles of treatment. Conclusion. This study demonstrated a favorable safety and tolerability profile of 48-hour continuous IV infusion of lisavanbulin in patients with solid extracranial tumors or glioblastoma. Clinicaltrials.gov registration: NCT02895360.
Regulatory Basis of Adipokines Leptin and Adiponectin in Epilepsy: from Signaling Pathways to Glucose Metabolism
Authors: Shan Yisi , Chen Yeting , Gu Haiping , Wang Yadong , Sun Yaming
Published: February 2023

Epilepsy is a common and severe neurological disorder in which impaired glucose metabolism leads to changes in neuronal excitability that slow or promote the development of epilepsy. Leptin and adiponectin are important mediators regulating glucose metabolism in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Many studies have reported a strong association between epilepsy and these two adipokines involved in multiple signaling cascades and glucose metabolism. Due to the complex regulatory mechanisms between them and various signal activation networks, their role in epilepsy involves many aspects, including the release of inflammatory mediators, oxidative damage, and neuronal apoptosis. This paper aims to summarize the signaling pathways involved in leptin and adiponectin and the regulation of glucose metabolism from the perspective of the pathogenesis of epilepsy. In particular, we discuss the dual effects of leptin in epilepsy and the relationship between antiepileptic drugs and changes in the levels of these two adipokines. Clinical practitioners may need to consider these factors in evaluating clinical drugs. Through this review, we can better understand the specific involvement of leptin and adiponectin in the pathogenesis of epilepsy, provide ideas for further exploration, and bring about practical significance for the treatment of epilepsy, especially for the development of personalized treatment according to individual metabolic characteristics.
Continental-wide population genetics and post-Pleistocene range expansion in field maple (Acer campestre L.), a subdominant temperate broadleaved tree species
Authors: Wahlsteen Eric , Avramidou Evangelia V. , Bozic Gregor , Mediouni Rida Mohammed , Schuldt Bernhard , Sobolewska Halina
Published: February 2023

Acer campestre L. is a rarely silviculturally managed and poorly investigated European tree species which forms seminatural populations and can thus be considered as a model tree for studying post glacial colonisation and phylogeography. Herein, we studied the genetic structure of Acer campestre L. in order to investigate population and genetic diversity clines over the distribution range and for synthesizing the results into a post-Pleistocene range expansion hypothesis. We characterised the genetic diversity and population structure of 61 Acer campestre populations using 12 microsatellite markers. The three detected gene pools are structured geographically creating a longitudinal pattern corresponding with their proposed refugial origin. The results indicated a longitudinal population cline with three strong but highly admixed gene pools. Based on the possible signal from the structure results, a number of phylogeographic dispersal hypotheses were tested using approximate Bayesian computation, and this analysis supported the three refugia scenario with a simultaneous divergence prior to the last glacial maximum. Acer campestre shows a typical decrease in population diversity with northern and western distribution and signatures of surfing alleles in the western expansion axis in 2% of the included alleles. Acer campestre exhibits a high degree of admixture among populations and typical signatures of isolation by distance with no naturally delimited subpopulations. The population structure is rather impacted by geographically, than climatologically means with surfing alleles and alleles strongly limited to geographical areas. Our data also suggest that the population structure still today harbours signatures of post glacial migrations from Mediterranean as well as northern glacial refugia.
Identifiability of Hidden Markov Models for Learning Trajectories in Cognitive Diagnosis
Authors: Liu Ying , Culpepper Steven Andrew , Chen Yuguo
Published: February 2023

Hidden Markov models (HMMs) have been applied in various domains, which makes the identifiability issue of HMMs popular among researchers. Classical identifiability conditions shown in previous studies are too strong for practical analysis. In this paper, we propose generic identifiability conditions for discrete time HMMs with finite state space. Also, recent studies about cognitive diagnosis models (CDMs) applied first-order HMMs to track changes in attributes related to learning. However, the application of CDMs requires a known <mml:math xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mnf="http://cambridge.org/core/manifest" xmlns:cup="http://contentservices.cambridge.org" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:m="http://cambridge.org/core/metadata" xmlns:core="http://cambridge.org/core" xmlns:c="http://cambridge.org/core/content">Q\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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Towards a Richer Understanding of Language and Identity in the MNC: Constructing Cosmopolitan Identities Through “English”
Authors: Karhunen Päivi , Kankaanranta Anne , Räisänen Tiina
Published: February 2023

Bringing in insights from sociolinguistics, this conceptual paper advances the theorizing on language and identity in the MNC, viewed as socially constructed by individuals in interaction when they cross fluid linguistic and geographical boundaries. We posit that the identities of global business professionals in the MNC are not intrinsically tied to nationality and native language, they are rather cosmopolitan and constructed in interactions in English as the working language (BELF: English as a Business Lingua Franca). We further conceptualize the multilingual MNC as a social constellation – providing the context for processes of identity construction but also shaped by them. We outline three propositions that capture the ways in which BELF contributes to the construction of a cosmopolitan identity on three dimensions (individual, interactional and contextual) in multilingual professional MNC settings. The first one concerns the identification of individuals as participants in BELF interactions drawing from their different linguistic resources, national origins and professions, and previous experiences. The focus in the second one is on BELF interactions that manifest an orientation to both sharedness and difference in skills, knowledge and social relations. The third proposition concerns the MNC context in terms of enabling BELF interactions and being (re)constructed as a social constellation with fluid linguistic and geographical boundaries. We further elaborate on the methodological implications of sociolinguistic and cosmopolitan approaches to IM research on identity in general, and how our propositions could guide future research on language and identity in the MNC in particular.
Post-thoracotomy intercostal artery pseudoaneurysm manifesting as a chest wall metastasis
Authors: Kostopanagiotou Konstantinos , Wojtyś Małgorzata Edyta , Kiełbowski Kajetan , Papagiannopoulos Konstantinos
Published: February 2023

Intercostal artery pseudoaneurysm (IAP) represents an extremely rare vascular abnormality developing after an insult to the vascular wall with blood collection within the vascular wall layers and subsequent dilatation. Treatment options, apart from observation, include embolization, endovascular stenting, and surgical correction. We describe the case of a 73-year-old male patient with colonic adenocarcinoma pulmonary metastasis. Repetitive wedge resections and a right lower lobectomy were performed to remove multiple metastatic lesions. At follow-up assessment, the patient reported localized thoracotomy site pain progressing with time and unresponsive to oral analgesics. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed a pseudoaneurysm of 4-cm diameter of the right 5th intercostal artery. The patient underwent embolization of the lumen and was discharged from the hospital after 24 h. Successive CT re-assessment checks were unremarkable.
Conjunctive and additive group work reduce academic procrastination: insights from a vignette study
Authors: Koppenborg Markus , Klingsieck Katrin B. , Hüffmeier Joachim
Published: February 2023

Group work can increase individual effort, performance, and positive affect, if group members perceive their own contribution as indispensable for the group product. A vignette methodology was applied to investigate whether group work may also reduce procrastination. The vignettes described a typical academic assignment, while varying the task structure (individual work vs. conjunctive group work vs. additive group work) and group member ability (high vs. low). For each vignette, student participants (N = 443) provided ratings on their perceived indispensability, procrastination of the assignment, and affect. When group member ability was high, procrastination was lower in additive group work as compared to individual work. When group member ability was low, procrastination was lower in conjunctive group work as compared to both individual work and additive group work. As predicted, perceived indispensability mediated the difference in procrastination between conjunctive and additive group work. Moderation analyses further revealed that the effects were more pronounced for high trait procrastinators. Further, both types of group work led to increases in task-related positive affect as compared to individual work. By demonstrating the relevance of group work as a social factor, the results should be useful for the extension of existing programs targeting procrastination, and may inspire measures for preventing procrastination by changes in the study environment.
Sodium-Glukose-Transporter 2-Hemmer bei Herzinsuffizienz mit erhaltener Auswurffraktion
Authors: Böhm Michael , Bauersachs Johann
Published: February 2023

Hintergrund

Nachdem Sodium-Glukose-Transporter 2(SGLT2)-Hemmstoffe klinische Endpunkte (kardiovaskulärer Tod und Herzinsuffizienzhospitalisierungen) bei der Behandlung der Herzinsuffizienz mit reduzierter Ejektionsfraktion reduziert haben, wurde untersucht, ob sie auch bei Herzinsuffizienz mit erhaltener sowie mäßiggradig reduzierter Ejektionsfraktion (HFpEF bzw. HFmrEF) positive Wirkungen erzielen.

Ziel der Arbeit

Es erfolgt eine Zusammenfassung der neuen Daten zu SGLT2-Hemmern bei Patienten mit HFpEF und HFmrEF.

Material und Methoden

Es wurde eine selektive Literaturrecherche vorgenommen.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion

Für Dapagliflozin (DELIVER) und Empagliflozin (EMPEROR-Preserved) wurden kontrollierte randomisierte Endpunktstudien bei HFpEF und HFmrEF bei Diabetikern und Nichtdiabetikern vorgelegt. Sie zeigen gegenüber Placebo eine Verbesserung des primären kombinierten Endpunktes von kardiovaskulär bedingten Todesfällen oder Hospitalisierungen wegen Verschlechterung der Herzinsuffizienz (für Dapagliflozin war auch eine dringliche Vorstellung wegen einer Verschlechterung der Herzinsuffizienz Teil des Endpunkts). Für Dapagliflozin wurde der primäre Endpunkt relativ zu Placebo auf 16,4 % gegenüber 19,5 % für Placebo reduziert (Hazard Ratio 0,82, 95 %-Konfidenzintervall 0,73–0,92, p < 0,001). Ähnliche Ergebnisse zeigten sich für Empagliflozin (13,8 % vs. 17,1 %; Hazard Ratio 0,79, 95 %-Konfidenzintervall 0,69–0,90, p < 0,001). Auch die meisten präspezifizierten sekundären Endpunkte wurden in beiden Studien durch die SGLT2-Hemmer reduziert.

Schlussfolgerung

SGLT2-Hemmer zeigen als erste Substanzklasse eine signifikante Senkung klinischer Endpunkte bei HFpEF und HFmrEF. Somit besteht über das gesamte Spektrum der linksventrikulären Ejektionsfraktionen bei Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz eine protektive Wirkung der SGLT2-Hemmung.
The long-run effects of government expenditure on private investments: a panel CS-ARDL approach
Authors: Carvelli Gianni
Published: February 2023

We re-explore the link between government expenditure and private investments within a modern econometric framework. Performing a dynamic analysis on a panel of 28 OECD countries over 1990–2019, we account for nonstationarity, country-heterogeneity, and cross-sectional dependence. By estimating an ECM version of the novel CS-ARDL model, we find robust evidence of both short-run and long-run adverse effects of aggregate government expenditure on private investments. Increases in productive expenditure have no significant effect on the long-run dynamics of private investments, whereas reallocating public resources towards productive expenditure enhances them. By contrast, both level increases and shifts of resources towards unproductive expenditure discourage capital formation in the private sector. Using the government budget constraint (GBC) system, we observe that the effects of government expenditure depend on how it is financed. In most cases, the short-run fall in private investments is mainly associated with tax-financed expenditure, while debt-financed expenditure appears to be the most detrimental in the long-run.
Urinary Marker Profiles in Heart Failure with Reduced Versus Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Streng Koen W. , Hillege Hans L. , ter Maaten Jozine M. , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Dickstein Kenneth , Samani Nilesh J. , Ng Leong L. , Metra Marco , Filippatos Gerasimos S. , Ponikowski Piotr , Zannad Faiez , Anker Stefan D. , van der Meer Peter , Lang Chim C. , Voors Adriaan A. , Damman Kevin
Published: February 2023

Background

Recent data suggest different causes of renal dysfunction between heart failure with reduced (HFrEF) versus preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We therefore studied a wide range of urinary markers reflecting different nephron segments in heart failure patients.

Methods

In 2070, in chronic heart failure patients, we measured several established and upcoming urinary markers reflecting different nephron segments.

Results

Mean age was 70 ± 12 years, 74% was male and 81% (n = 1677) had HFrEF. Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was lower in patients with HFpEF (56 ± 23 versus 63 ± 23 ml/min/1.73 m2, P = 0.001). Patients with HFpEF had significantly higher values of NGAL (58.1 [24.0–124.8] versus 28.1 [14.6–66.9] μg/gCr, P < 0.001) and KIM-1 (2.28 [1.49–4.37] versus 1.79 [0.85–3.49] μg/gCr, P = 0.001). These differences were more pronounced in patients with an eGFR > 60 ml/min/1.73m2.

Conclusions

HFpEF patients showed more evidence of tubular damage and/or dysfunction compared with HFrEF patients, in particular when glomerular function was preserved.
Reflections of Graduating Medical Students: A Photo-Elicitation Study
Authors: Wilson Robert , Varshney Karan , Petrera Matteo , Hoff Nathan , Thiel Vanessa , Frasso Rosemary
Published: February 2023

Medical school is associated with increased mental health morbidity that can result in professional burnout. To explore the sources of stress and means of coping for medical students, the photo-elicitation method was utilized, with interviews being conducted. The commonly discussed stressors included the presence of academic stress, difficulty relating to peers outside of medicine, frustration, feelings of helplessness and under-preparedness, imposter syndrome, and competition. Coping themes included camaraderie, interpersonal relationships, and wellness activities such as diet and exercise. Medical students are exposed to unique stressors, and as a result, students develop coping strategies throughout their studies. Further research is needed to identify how to better support students.
Experiment and DEM simulation study on mechanical behaviors of shale under triaxial cyclic loading and unloading conditions
Authors: Yin Peng-Fei , Yang Sheng-Qi , Gao Feng , Tian Wen-Ling
Published: February 2023

During shale gas exploration, natural fractures in shale reservoirs may be induced by cyclic loads frequently encountered in different geological processes, including tectonic movements, seismic actions, and artificial construction interference (vertical and horizontal wells drilling and cyclic hydraulic fracturing). In this paper, experiments and PFC2D simulations are conducted to investigate the mechanical response and mechanism of shale specimens under cyclic loading and unloading. Using the experimental and simulation results, the strength and deformation characteristics and strain energy and damage evolutions during the cyclic loading-unloading process are quantified and analyzed. The damage variable characterized by plastic deformation, deformation modulus, and dissipated energy is thoroughly analyzed. Based on the PFC2D simulation, the micro-crack distribution and evolution are further studied, and the results can reflect the experiments well and reveal the damage mechanism under cyclic loading. Furthermore, the experiments and simulations indicate that the degree of fatigue damage is closely related to the number of cycles the specimens undergo, and a small number of cycles may not have a distinct effect on the strength.
Design of Customized Garments Towards Sustainable Fashion Using 3D Digital Simulation and Machine Learning-Supported Human–Product Interactions
Authors: Wang Zhujun , Tao Xuyuan , Zeng Xianyi , Xing Yingmei , Xu Zhenzhen , Bruniaux Pascal
Published: February 2023

This paper put forward a new interactive design approach for customized garments towards sustainable fashion using machine learning techniques, including radial basis function artificial neural network (RBF ANN), genetic algorithms (GA), probabilistic neural network (PNN), and support vector regression (SVR). First, RBF ANNs were employed to estimate the detailed human body dimensions to fulfill consumers’ ergonomics requirements. Next, the GA-based models were developed to generate the formalized design solutions following the consumer profiles (demands). Afterwards, the evaluation model was established to quantitatively characterize the relations between consumer profiles and garment profiles from the generated design solutions. The design solutions would be digitally demonstrated and recommended to the consumer following the evaluation results in descending order. Meanwhile, the PNN-based models were created to predict garment fitness based on virtual try-on. Moreover, the SVR-based self-adjustment mechanism was built to estimate and control garment design parameters according to the consumer’s feedback. Based on these mathematical models, the approach enhances the interactions among digital garment demonstration, the designer’s professional knowledge and the user’s perception to find out the most relevant design solution. The effectiveness of the new approach was verified by a real application case of leisure pants customization. The results show that the proposed method can powerfully support the designers’ quality personalized design solutions for consumers more accurately, fast, intelligently, and sustainably, compared with the existing approaches. More importantly, it also establishes an effective and reliable communication channel and mechanism among consumers, fashion designers, pattern designer, and garment producer.
Multi-Omics of Circular RNAs and Their Responses to Hormones in Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys Edulis)
Authors: Wang Yongsheng , Wang Huihui , Wang Huiyuan , Zhou Ruifan , Wu Ji , Zhang Zekun , Jin Yandong , Li Tao , Kohnen Markus V. , Liu Xuqing , Wei Wentao , Chen Kai , Gao Yubang , Ding Jiazhi , Zhang Hangxiao , Liu Bo , Lin Chentao , Gu Lianfeng
Published: February 2023

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are endogenous non-coding RNAs with covalently closed structures, which have important functions in plants. However, their biogenesis, degradation, and function upon treatment with gibberellins (GAs) and auxins (1-naphthaleneacetic acid, NAA) remain unknown. Here, we systematically identified and characterized the expression patterns, evolutionary conservation, genomic features, and internal structures of circRNAs using RNase R-treated libraries from moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) seedlings. Moreover, we investigated the biogenesis of circRNAs dependent on both cis- and trans-regulation. We explored the function of circRNAs, including their roles in regulating microRNA (miRNA)-related genes and modulating the alternative splicing of their linear counterparts. Importantly, we developed a customized degradome sequencing approach to detect miRNA-mediated cleavage of circRNAs. Finally, we presented a comprehensive view of the participation of circRNAs in the regulation of hormone metabolism upon treatment of bamboo seedlings with GA and NAA. Collectively, our study provides insights into the biogenesis, function, and miRNA-mediated degradation of circRNAs in moso bamboo.
Making International Institutions Work
Authors: Lall Ranjit
Published: February 2023

International institutions are essential for tackling many of the most urgent challenges facing the world, from pandemics to humanitarian crises, yet we know little about when they succeed, when they fail, and why. This book proposes a new theory of institutional performance and tests it using a diverse array of sources, including the most comprehensive dataset on the topic. Challenging popular characterizations of international institutions as 'runaway bureaucracies,' Ranjit Lall argues that the most serious threat to performance comes from the pursuit of narrow political interests by states – paradoxically, the same actors who create and give purpose to institutions. The discreet operational processes through which international bureaucrats cultivate and sustain autonomy vis-à-vis governments, he contends, are critical to making institutions 'work.' The findings enhance our understanding of international cooperation, public goods, and organizational behavior while offering practical lessons to policymakers, NGOs, businesses, and citizens interested in improving institutional effectiveness.
The Ethics of William Carlos Williams's Poetry
Authors: Copestake Ian D.
Published: February 2023

The poet as an inheritor of an Emersonian tradition, and Paterson as an ethical autobiography in progress.
The Plays of Juan Ruiz de Alarcón
Authors: Whicker Jules
Published: February 2023

The plays of Ruiz de Alarcón, a significant dramatist in the Spanish Golden Age, show in many of their plots a preoccupation with deception, which Whicker believes reflects Alarcón's fundamental concern about truth-telling in literature. His study of Alarcón's comedias stresses the seriousness and moral orthodoxy of the playwright and his concern with how simulation and dissimulation can beviewed both positively and negatively in theatre as well as in life. In support of his argument for the seriousness of Alarcón's theatre - his challenge to his audience to think hard and clear about his play, particularly over the issue of illusion, deception and dissimulation - Whicker focuses on the moral arguments perceived in Alarcón's theatre, and their reference to serious literary-moral issues current in the Golden Age; he tests the relevance of his argument against contemporary circumstances, the ethics of privanza in particular.JULES WHICKER lectures in the department of Hispanic studies, University of Birmingham.
Mujer pública y vida privada
Authors: Fernández Pura
Published: February 2023

Este volumen es el resultado de una investigación interdisciplinar en torno a la moral sexual y a su reflejo en la cultura española entre 1843 y 1900, a partir del análisis de los textos literarios, médico-higiénicos y socio-morales, con el trasfondo de la literatura francesa contemporánea como elemento de referencia imprescindible. Durante el reinado de Isabel II nace la nueva novela española, inspirada en la profunda fractura existente entre la moral pública y la vida privada. En pleno debate europeo en torno a la legalización o abolición del comercio carnal, emerge como heroína moderna la mujer infame, en concreto la prostituta, símbolo de los males que aquejan a la sociedad contemporánea. La presencia de la mujer pública en la narrativa popular dará lugar a una asentada corriente lupanaria que legitimará la incursión de la literatura en los espacios de la vida privada y en la silenciada sexualidad femenina, abono necesario para el nacimiento de la novela erótica española delsiglo XX. Pura Fernández es Investigadora Científica del Instituto de Lengua, Literatura y Antropología del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) de Madrid.
Optimizing clinical guidelines to address antimicrobial-resistant infections: A conceptual framework reflecting stakeholder perspectives
Authors: Powell Rhea E. , Felt-Lisk Sue , Chen Arnold , Sullivan Casey
Published: February 2023

Objectives:

Clinical guidelines or guidance is an important tool for preventing and treating antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) infections. We sought to understand and support the effective use of guidelines and guidance for AMR infections.

Methods:

Key informant interviews and a stakeholder meeting on the development and use of guidelines and guidance for management of AMR infections; the interview findings and meeting discussion informed a conceptual framework for AMR infection clinical guidelines.

Participants:

Interview participants included experts with experience in guidelines development and physician and pharmacist hospital leaders and antibiotic stewardship program leaders. Stakeholder meeting participants included federal and nonfederal participants involved in research, policy, and practice related to prevention and management of AMR infections.

Results:

Participants described challenges related to timeliness of guidelines, methodologic limitations of the development process, and issues with usability across a range of clinical settings. These findings, and participants’ suggestions for mitigating the challenges identified, informed a conceptual framework for AMR infection clinical guidelines. The framework components include (1) science and evidence, (2) guideline and guidance development and dissemination, and (3) implementation and real-world practice. These components are supported by engaged stakeholders whose leadership and resources help to improve patient and population AMR infection prevention and management.

Conclusions:

Use of guidelines and guidance documents for management of AMR infections can be supported through (1) a robust body of scientific evidence to inform guidelines and guidance; (2) approaches and tools to support timely, transparent guidelines that are relevant and actionable for all clinical audiences; and (3) tools to implement guidelines and guidance effectively.
First Report of Sphenothallus Hall (Cnidaria, Medusozoa) from the Mesozoic Erathem (Upper Triassic, Slovenia)
Authors: Van Iten Heyo , Gašparič Rok , Hitij Tomaž , Kolar-Jurkovšek Tea , Jurkovšek Bogdan
Published: February 2023

Sphenothallus Hall, 1847, one of the most widely distributed and longest ranging genera in the fossil record, has been documented from all systems of the Paleozoic Erathem except the Permian (Table 1), although it has been stated (e.g., Choi, 1990; Bolton, 1994; Fatka et al., 2012) that the genus also occurs in that system. At present the first appearance of this epibenthic, polypoid medusozoan cnidarian lies in Cambrian Stage 3, while the previously known youngest occurrences are in the Pennsylvanian System. Sphenothallus has been found in numerous formations on all continents except Australia and Antarctica. It occurs in a variety of marine facies ranging from shallow nearshore to deep offshore and has even been found in strata of coastal lacustrine origin, probably as an allochthonous element (Lerner and Lucas, 2011). Many of the rock units known to contain Sphenothallus also contain conulariids (Table 1), an extinct group of marine scyphozoans that may have been closely related to Sphenothallus (Van Iten et al., 1992, 1996). Van Iten et al. (1992) interpreted Sphenothallus as a medusozoan cnidarian of uncertain class-level affinities, but later Dzik et al. (2017) documented internal peridermal structures that may be homologous to similar features in the periderm of coronate scyphozoans (see for example illustrations in Van Iten, 1992, and Van Iten et al., 1996).
More characterisations of parallelograms
Authors: Hajja Mowaffaq , Krasopoulos Panagiotis T.
Published: February 2023

Several years ago, Professor Martin Josefsson told the first-named author, in a private communication, that his ‘characterisations of’ and ‘properties of’ series of papers that comprised tangential, extangential, bicentric, orthodiagonal, equidiagonal, and bisect-diagonal quadrilaterals, and rhombi and trapezoids, did not include parallelograms because the many characterisations of these figures are well known and are easily accessed via the net, and that nothing interesting can be added. In this Article, we present some characterisations of parallelograms that are very likely unknown and that will hopefully appeal to the readers of the Gazette. Other interesting characterisations that we have obtained and that could not find their place here are intended to form the material of another Article.
Integrating sine and cosine Maclaurin remainders
Authors: Gordon Russell A.
Published: February 2023

In order to state our primary results, we must first establish some
notation. Let S-1 (x) = sin x and C-1 (x) = cos x, then for each non-negative integer n, let

these are the remainders of the Maclaurin series for sine and cosine, respectively. Note that for each and for each . It is known that

See [1] for several different proofs of the well-known fact that

the values of αn and βn for then follow rather easily using induction and integration by parts. (Details are provided in the Appendix.)
Cauchy and his modern rivals
Authors: Dunham William
Published: February 2023

In 1879, the Oxford mathematician Charles Dodgson (1832-1898) published Euclid and his modern rivals. This book compared the work of contemporary geometers to that of the Greek master from two millennia earlier. Dodgson, best known by his pen name of ‘Lewis Carroll’, much preferred Euclid. For him, the ancients outshone the moderns.
The Mathematikum in Giessen
Authors: Buhmann Martin
Published: February 2023

This short article is about our Giessener Mathematikum, a hands-on minds-on science centre which is unique in the world as an institution solely directed to reaching out to the general public in order to show that mathematics is an interesting and enjoyable subject for everybody. Given many unjustified prejudices against this subject from lay people, it was a challenge to create a large science centre that is attractive to everybody and aims to convince that the beauty, depth and usefulness of mathematics is comprehensible to all, independent of a particular education and particular scientific inclination. We believe we have succeeded, and my purpose is to outline the history and present operation of the Mathematikum, and its various ways of meeting the mentioned challenge.
When does give the centre of mass of a quadrilateral?
Authors: Lord Nick
Published: February 2023

Having done the formula
$${\textstyle{1 \over 3}}(\boldsymbol {a} + \boldsymbol {b} + \boldsymbol {c})$$
for the centre of mass of a uniform triangular lamina with vertices at position vectors a, b, c, I was recently asked in class whether
$${\textstyle{1 \over 4}}(\boldsymbol {a} + \boldsymbol {b} + \boldsymbol {c} + \boldsymbol {d})$$
was the corresponding result for a uniform quadrilateral lamina. It is easy to give examples where the formula does work (squares, rectangles, parallelograms), but equally clear from examples such as the trapezium in Figure 1, where the centre of mass is located below the centre line on which
$${\textstyle{1 \over 4}}(\boldsymbol {a} + \boldsymbol {b} + \boldsymbol {c} + \boldsymbol {d})$$
lies, that it does not always work.
Hardy’s inequality for averages
Authors: Jameson G. J. O.
Published: February 2023

The prolific output of G. H. Hardy included a number of inequalities, each known, in its own context, simply as ‘Hardy’s inequality’. Here we give an account of one of them, together with some applications and generalisations. It relates to averages.
Digit Maps
Authors: Phoopha Niphawan , Pongsriiam Prapanpong , Phunphayap Phakhinkon Napp
Published: February 2023

The happy function S of each positive integer x is defined to be the sum of the squares of the decimal digits of x. For example, S(2) = 4 and S(123) = 12 + 22 + 32 = 14. It is well known that for any , there exists such that , where S(n) is the n-fold composition of S. In addition, if and for some , then x is called a happy number.
That Does Not Compute: David Lewis on Credence and Chance
Authors: Belot Gordon
Published: February 2023

Like Lewis, many philosophers hold reductionist accounts of chance (on which claims about chance are to be understood as claims that certain patterns of events are instantiated) and maintain that rationality requires that credence should defer to chance (in the sense that under certain circumstances one’s credence in an event must coincide with the chance of that event). It is a shortcoming of an account of chance if it implies that this norm of rationality is unsatisfiable by computable agents. This shortcoming is more common than one might have hoped.
Excavation in the Sky: Historical Inference in Astronomy
Authors: Yao Siyu
Published: February 2023

The philosophy of historical sciences investigates their distinct objects of study, epistemic challenges, and methodological solutions. Rethinking astronomy in this light offers a contribution. First, the methodology of historical sciences adds to a more adequate description of how astronomers study and utilize token events. Second, astronomy faces a typical difficulty in identifying traces of some past events and has developed a delicate solution. This enriches the idea of trace and suggests a methodology that relies on iterations between data-driven approaches and theory-driven approaches, together with the cross-validation between multiple relevant historical events or datasets.
The neutral theory of conceptual complexity
Authors: Novick Rose
Published: February 2023

Philosophical studies of complex scientific concepts are predominantly “adaptationist,” arguing that conceptual complexity serves important purposes. This is a historical artifact. Having had to defend their views against a monist presumption favoring simpler concepts, pluralists and patchwork theorists felt compelled to show that complexity can be beneficial. This neglects an alternative possibility: Conceptual complexity is largely neutral, persisting simply because it does little harm. This article defends the neutral theory of conceptual complexity in two forms: (a) as a plausible theory in its own right and (b) as a useful foil for adaptationist arguments.
Mathematical Explanation in Computer Science
Authors: Curtis-Trudel André
Published: February 2023

This note scouts a broad but underexplored class of explanations found in contemporary computer science. These explanations, which I call limitative explanations, explain why certain problems cannot be solved computationally. Limitative explanations are philosophically rich, but have not received the attention they deserve. The primary goals of this note are to isolate limitative explanations and provide a preliminary account of what makes them explanatory. On the account I favor, limitative explanations are a kind of non-causal mathematical explanation which depend on highly idealized models of computation.
Finding Normality in Abnormality: On the Ascription of Normal Functions to Cancer
Authors: Goldwasser Seth
Published: February 2023

Cancer biologists ascribe normal functions to parts of cancer. Normal functions are activities that parts of systems are in some minimal sense supposed to perform. Cancer biologists’ finding normality within the abnormality of cancer poses difficulties for two main approaches to normal function. One approach claims that normal functions are activities for which parts are selected. However, some parts of cancers that have normal functions aren’t selected to perform them. The other approach claims that normal functions are part-activities that (typically) contribute to the survival or reproduction of the relevant system. However, cancers are too heterogeneous to establish what (typically) contributes to their progression across a type.
Classical American Pragmatism as Antiscientism
Authors: Mostajir Parysa Clare
Published: February 2023

Scientism has recently experienced a resurgence of interest in philosophy. One version of scientism often defended is ontological scientism—the view that any kind or property not mentioned in the theories of science has only a subordinate, secondary kind of reality. It is worth noting that a dominant tradition in the history of philosophy of science—classical American pragmatism—undertook decades of critical engagement with contemporaneous scientistic beliefs, many of which resemble those being debated at the present time. This antiscientistic philosophy has multiple points of relevance for contemporary debates and defenses of ontological scientism.
On the Heels of 1967: Chahine, Cinema, and Emotional Response(s) to the Defeat
Authors: Maatouk Tamara
Published: February 2023

Many scholars have addressed the 1967 war in their studies, exploring its origins and aftermath, mostly in the context of diplomacy, the military, or regional and Cold War politics. Studies dealing with the war's repercussions on social, intellectual, and cultural life in Egypt are substantial as well. Yet the scholarship dedicated primarily to the study of emotions on the heels of the war remains scarce and disproportionate to the magnitude of the defeat. By juxtaposing films such as al-Ard (The Land, 1970), al-Ikhtiyar (The Choice, 1971), and al-ʿUsfur (The Sparrow, 1974), all directed by Egyptian filmmaker Youssef Chahine, with contemporaneous essays, films, songs, interviews, and the press, I examine the different emotional responses of Chahine and, by extension and association, Egyptian cineasts and critics on the heels of the defeat, tracing their change between June 1967 and October 1973, when Egypt retaliated by launching an attack on Israeli positions in the Sinai Peninsula, and their possible connection to the existing understandings of the defeat at the time.
Who Cares about Jellyfish? An Environmental Legacy of the Suez Canal Begins to Surface
Authors: Ahlberg Karin
Published: February 2023

On June 24, 2015, a huge swarm of jellyfish clogged the cooling system of an Israeli coal-fueled power plants located on the Mediterranean shoreline, almost forcing a shutdown. Images from the event displayed tons of pale blue, translucent jellies, lumped together in a container and spread over the factory floor after being removed from the cooling system filter. The spectacular incident prompted speculation that the jellyfish were foreign agents sent from Egypt to sabotage Israeli security. It may seem laughable, but this is not the first time that non-humans have figured as agents and national security threats in geopolitical dramas in the Middle East. In 2010, following repeated shark attacks on tourists in one of Egypt's Red Sea resorts, Sharm El-Sheikh, the governor of South Sinai told the media he could not rule out the possibility of the attacking shark being remotely controlled by the Israeli intelligence agency Mossad. In this context, foreign, underwater jellyfish armies are nothing out of the ordinary.
Putative chemical cue fromGyrodactylus-infected guppies subtly alters behaviour but prior exposure decreases parasite intensity
Authors: Di Bacco Katrina , Scott Marilyn E.
Published: February 2023

The reliance on chemical communication is well established for evading predation in aquatic systems. Only a few studies have found evidence that chemical cues released from aquatic animals infected with parasites alter behaviour. Furthermore, the link between putative chemical cues and susceptibility to infection has not been studied. The objectives of this study were to determine if exposure to chemical cues fromGyrodactylus turnbulli-infected guppies (Poecilia reticulata) at various times post-infection resulted in altered behaviour of uninfected conspecifics, and if prior exposure to this putative infection cue reduced transmission. Guppies responded to this chemical cue. Those exposed for 10 min to cues released from fish that had been infected for 8 or 16 days spent less time in the centre half of the tank. Continuous exposure to infection cues for 16 days did not alter guppy shoal behaviour but provided partial protection against infection when the parasite was introduced. Shoals exposed to these putative infection cues became infected, but infection intensity increased more slowly and to a lower peak compared with shoals exposed to the control cue. These results indicate that guppies show subtle behavioural responses to infection cues, and that exposure to infection cues reduces the intensity of outbreaks.