bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness and Safety of Cataract Surgery Pharmacological Support in Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Yanchenko S. V. , Malyshev A. V. , Sakhnov S. N. , Karapetov G. Yu.
Published: October 2018

Purpose:To evaluate effectiveness and safety of cataract surgery pharmacological support (which include 0.5 % levofloxacin, 0.09 % bromfenac and preservative free polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyvinyl alcohol fixed combination instillations) in glaucoma patients.Patients and Methods:Standard ophthalmological examination, subjective discomfort level evaluation, tear film break up time, tear meniscus height measurement, index of xerosis, evaluation and ocular surface condition photoregistration were performed in 40 II «A» primary open-angle glaucoma patients, receiving hypotensive therapy, before and after phacoemulsification (Ph). All patients in the postoperative period received instillations: 0.5 % levofloxacin (4 times a day, 7 days), 0.1 % dexamethasone (3 times a day, 7 days), 0.09 % bromfenac (once a day, 30 days) and preservative free polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyvinyl alcohol fixed combination (3 times a day, 30 days). Control points were: examination before Ph, on 1, 7 and 30 days after Ph. Results: None cases of infectious or inflammatory surgery complications were recorded. The SD level was significantly increased on the 1 and 7 days after Ph, by the 30 day the SD level was significantly decreased, compared with a state on the 1 and 7 days. On the 1, 7, 30 days after Ph TFBUT significantly decreased. By the 30 day after Ph the TFBUT was significantly increased in compare with 1 and 7 days after operation. TMH changes after Ph had multidirectional character and in general were not significant throughout the observation, with a tendency to increase on the 1 and 30 days after surgery and to decrease on the 7th day. IX dynamics in compare with a state before Ph was not significant in all control points with a tendency to its increase on the 1 and 7 days after operation and to decrease on the 30th day. In general, pharmacological support of Ph was assessed by all patients as comfortable, there was no intolerance.Conclusion:The cataract surgery pharmacological support in glaucoma patients (including 0.5 % levofloxacin, 0.09 % bromfenac and preservative free polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyvinyl alcohol fixed combination instillations) showed: high efficiency (in prevention of infectious and inflammatory complications); safety by influence on the ocular surface; comfort of use.
Lutein-Containing Antioxidants in Patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Dry Type of Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Dorofeev D. A.
Published: October 2018

Objective.To assess the dynamics of structural-functional markers in patients with combined pathology: primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with the background of lutein-containing drugs at long-term follow-up.Patients and Methods.The period of research was from November 2016 to January 2018; A parallel prospective study of patients (88 eyes), mean age 67.81 ± 8.41 (M ± σ); 67.64 (63.14; 73.08) (Me, Q25%, Q75%) years with combined pathology POAG and AMD (AREDS I and II). Patients were divided into 2 groups, the first group — a study group received Retinorm, by 1 capsule 3 times a day during a meal for 1 year, a second control group of 17 patients (32 eyes) did not receive lutein-containing medicines during the observation period. The study group consisted of 29 patients (55 eyes). There were 7 males and 22 females among them. The control group consisted of 19 patients (33 eyes), 2 males and 17 females among them. Visual acuity, standard automatic computer perimetry, optical coherence tomography, determination of spatial contrast sensitivity was carried out in all patients at the beginning of the study and after 1 year.Results.The maximum correlated visual acuity (MCVA) according to the table ETDRS increased in the study group and decreased in the control group, 95% the confidence interval for the changes in the MCVA: 0.1813636; 1.018182; 1.927273 и –3.878788; –2.393939; –0.8477273 (optotypes), respectively (W = 499.5; p = 0,0002919). Statistically significant changes in the thickness of the layer of nerve fibers of the retina (RNFL) neither in the middle nor in the sectors was revealed, and the thickness of the retina in oval foveal zone by sector: upper, temporal and lower statistically significantly decreased in the control group, while remaining unchanged in the observation group (р < 0.05). Spatial contrast sensitivity (SCS) after 1 year of use Retinorm remained at the same level in the control group, while there was a statistically significant increase in spatial contrast sensitivity in the main group, especially at high spatial frequencies is observed (р < 0.05).Conclusion.The results of the study indicate a positive effect of Retinorm used for 1 year. It was reflected in the improvement visual acuity in the distance, improvement of spatial contrast sensitivity, especially at high spatial frequencies, and the preservation of structural retinal indices both in the foveal zone and peripapillary.
The Prevalence of Myopia in Schoolchildren in Some Regions of Russia
Authors: Proskurina O. P. , Markova E. Yu. , Brzheskij V. V. , Efimova E. L. , Efimova M. N. , Chvatova N. N. , Slychalova N. N. , Egorova A. V.
Published: October 2018

The frequency of myopia reached 26 % among of school graduates in 2000. In case of graduates from gymnasiums and lyceums — 50 %. The share of severe form of myopia 10–12 %. A pilot study was conducted. The prevalence of myopia was estimated in schoolchildren of 1, 5 and 11 classes in some Russian regions (Moscow, St. Petersburg, Igevsk, Ivanovo). Objectively cycloplegic refraction was studied in 3659 schoolchildren. During the entire period of being at school emmetropia was the most common type of refraction. In 5 and 11 classes myopia was more often refractive errors. The prevalence of myopia among 1th classes schoolchildren was 2.4 %, among 5th classes — 19.7 %, 11th classes — 38.6 %. In children studying in lyceums the prevalence of myopia was significantly higher (p < 0.01). Already in the 1 classes of gymnasiums and lyceums myopic children were 7.5 %, while in regular schools only 1.4 %. In 11 classes of lyceums the share of myopic children was 50.7%, in regular schools it was 30.9 %. This confirms the influence of education on the prevalence of myopia as an additive factor. The study of the myopia prevalence should be continued in different regions and municipalities to the subsequent development the rational programs for prevention of development and the progression of myopia in school.
Refugee Health Education: Evaluating a Community-Based Approach to Empowering Refugee Women in Houston, Texas
Authors: Frost Elizabeth Leah , Markham Christine , Springer Andrew
Published: October 2018

Although resettlement agencies in the United States assist refugees by offering a variety of local social and health services, refugees are still less likely to access these services. Few studies have evaluated refugee health education interventions focusing on barriers to accessing healthcare and overcoming negative social determinants of health. This study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and perceived impact of a yearlong health education intervention to empower Burmese refugee women living in Houston, Texas. The intervention included workshops, community excursions, question and answer (Q&A) sessions, and home visits. The evaluation was a formative qualitative study including interviews with Burmese refugee women who participated in the intervention and local resettlement agency caseworkers. Qualitative content analysis guided the data analysis and was conducted to identify categories and emergent themes. Key findings indicated that motivation to participate in the intervention was impacted by the women’s perceived relevance of health education material to Burmese cultural values and opportunities for hands-on learning to promote self-efficacy. Recommendations for future interventions include the use of community health workers to train refugee health educators, pairing English lessons with health education material to promote development of English language skills, developing teaching materials for refugees with low literacy, establishing bottom-up support from refugee resettlement agencies, and incorporating the social work ecological model to tailor health-focused interventions to the specific needs of the refugee community.
Seeking Refuge: An Exploration of Unaccompanied Women, Minors from Somalia and Families from Pakistan Experiences of Services in Bangkok, Thailand
Authors: Tecle Aster S. , Byrne Kara , Schmit Kimberly , Vogel-Ferguson Mary Beth , Mohamed Naima , Mohamed Abdulkhaliq , Hunter Rosemarie
Published: October 2018

The number of unprotected urban refugees in Bangkok has grown over the past few years with new migrations of young women, men and families from Somalia and Pakistan. An urban environment can mean opportunity for some but for many the environment can increase vulnerability to exploitation and detention. This study aimed to explore refugees’ experiences in Bangkok, assess agencies’ service delivery models, and strengthen their capabilities to address service gaps. Participants were recruited using purposeful sampling and snowball. Using CBPR, focus groups discussion with Somali and Pakistani refugees (n=63) and individual interviews (n=42) were conducted. Agencies’ staff (n=23) were interviewed regarding challenges in providing services to refugees. Qualitative data analysis revealed four major themes: lack of basic need, problems with legal services, agencies revealed urgent need for shifting from emergency services towards long-term strategies given the protracted immigration status of urban refugees, and the need for a collaborative approach in service provision emerged as an urgent call. Implications to social work practice with urban refugees focusing on potentials for innovative service provision and collective agency responses are discussed.
A Call to Action: Re-imagining Social Work Practice With Unaccompanied Minors
Authors: Evans Kerri , Diebold Kylie , Calvo Rocío
Published: October 2018

In the decade leading up to 2012, approximately 8,000 Unaccompanied Minors (UAM) arrived annually at the Southwestern border of the United States. Since then, the number of arrivals has drastically increased, surpassing 14,000 between October 1, 2017 and January 31, 2018 alone. The needs of UAM concerning mental health, education, social, and legal counseling often differ from the needs of other Latinx and immigrant populations. However, recent instability in the protections and services tailored to UAM are channeling these youth and their families into mainstream agencies. This article is a call to action for social workers who may now encounter UAM for the first time in their practice. Drawing from almost twelve years of practice experience working with UAM and their families, as family case managers, community liaisons, program managers, grant administrators, and training facilitators, we review needs, services, and promising practices for social work practice with UAM. Recommendations include providing education to parents and caregivers about UAM’s rights, U.S. laws and regulations, and service availability; building trust and rapport with families; creating welcoming schools; practicing cultural openness; hiring diverse staff; and fostering partnerships with local service providers.
Culturally Effective Practice With Refugees in Community Health Centers: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Dubus Nicole , Davis Ashley
Published: October 2018

The global refugee crisis requires providers of health and behavioral health services to develop culturally-effective practices that can meet the needs of the ever-changing demographics of those being resettled. Community health centers in the United States are often asked to provide services during the first year of resettlement for refugees. Social workers are among those professionals who provide the behavioral health services in the community health centers. To better understand the challenges for these providers, this qualitative study examines the experiences of 15 providers of refugee behavioral health services at community health centers in the northeast of the United States. The participants were interviewed, and those transcribed interviews were analyzed for themes. Findings revealed three main themes: client engagement as crucial; collaboration with interpreters; and cultural competence is an imperative but ill-defined. Important implications focus on the need for cultural competence and the challenge to obtain this competence given the resources and demands in community health centers.
Prevalence of polycystic ovarian syndrome among adolescent girls: a prospective study
Authors: Singh Archana , Vijaya K. , Sai Laxmi Kaparati
Published: October 2018

Background: PCOS is a complex   endocrine   disorder which is most common in women of reproductive age. PCOS may first present in adolescence, but the incidence of PCOS in adolescence is not known, as diagnostic criteria for PCOS in the adolescent age-group is still not defined, PCOS symptoms tend to overlap with normal pubertal changes making the diagnosis even more challenging. The objective is to study prevalence and symptomatology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in adolescent girls.Methods: Prospective study between November 2017 and March 2018. 117 adolescent girls aged 15 to19 years attending OPD with oligomenorrhea and/or hirsutism were advised for biochemical, hormonal, and ultrasonographic evaluation for diagnosis of PCOS on the basis of Rotterdam’s criteria at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Government Maternity Hospital, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad.Results: Prevalence of PCOS in the study was 11.96% in the study group.Conclusions: PCOS is increasingly encountered during adolescence, although the overall prevalence is low and evaluation of PCOS in adolescents is challenging. At this age, life style modification is imperative to prevent long-term metabolic and reproductive complications.
SPECIFIC FEATURES OF TEACHING THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS OF UNTSUKULSKY DISTRICT
Authors: Guseynova Nadira O. , Soltanmuradova Zarema I. , Magomedova Marina Z.
Published: October 2018

Aim. The aim of the work is to identify the specific features of teaching the concept of sustainable development in the general education establishments of the Untsukul District of Dagestan. Methodology. Were used the methods of empirical study, test results of students of 5-11 grades of secondary schools, obtained during the expedition to the given region. The questionnaires and tests were developed by the staff of the Institute of Ecology and Sustainable Development of DSU. A total of 1825 anonymous questionnaires were analyzed. Of these, 1011 questionnaires in 5-8th grades; 499 in 9-11th grades as well as 315 teachers. Statistical processing of expedition data is based on well-known techniques using the Statistica software. Results. The analyzed data showed a negative downward trend in the level of both general and ecological knowledge. The findings of our previous studies in some other districts and cities of Dagestan coincide with those obtained in the Untsukulsky district, thus the findings reflect the general situation of the environmental education in Dagestan schools which is the students’ unbalanced knowledge in certain sections of the curriculum. In the analysis of students’ knowledge, it was revealed that the knowledge gained in the course of teaching biology dominates rather than from the course of geography. Our long-term extensive studies show deficiencies in the education system, including environmental training and, as a consequence, the likely complexity of the transition to a modern educational innovation paradigm. Conclusion. The results of empirical and statistical studies have revealed a low level of ecological knowledge of schoolchildren. We propose the introduction of a separate discipline "Ecology and Sustainable Development" to meet the requirements set by the society towards the modern education.
Protective effects of methanolic extract of Vicia cracca against hypoxia-induced lethality in mice
Authors: Shahnazi Razieh , Ebrahimzadeh Mohammad Ali
Published: October 2018

Vicia genus has 45 species in Iran. Many protective and biological activities have been reported from these species. In spite of many works, nothing is known about protective effect of V. cracca against hypoxia conditions. In this study, protective effects of V. cracca extract against hypoxia-induced lethality in mice were evaluated by three experimental models of hypoxia, asphyctic, haemic and circulatory. Statistically significant protective activities were observed in some doses of extract in three models. Antihypoxic activity was especially pronounced in asphyctic model. Extract at 200 mg/kg prolonged survival time (27.37 ± 4.0 min) but was not comparable with that of phenytoin (39.80 ± 1.92). At 100 mg/kg it also prolonged survival time (24.76 ± 3.7 min) which was so higher than control group. In haemic model, V. cracca extract significantly and dose dependently prolonged survival time as compared to control group. At 200 mg/kg, extract was being capable of keeping the mice alive for 15.38 ± 1.93 min. It was also effective in circulatory model. V. cracca extract at 200 mg/kg prolonged survival time (16.84 ± 1.47 min) that was statistically significant as compared to control group (13.14 ± 0.51 min). V. cracca extract showed a very good protective effect against the hypoxia in some models. Specifically, they produced significant and dose-dependent effect on the model of asphytic and haemic hypoxia. The presence of polyphenols in this plant may be a proposal mechanism for reported antihypoxic activities of this plant.
LAHIRNYA PERDA BERBASIS SYARI’AH DI PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Na'imah Hayatun
Published: October 2018

Munculnya Perda-perda berbasis syari’ah demikian memunculkan pro dan kontra di masyarakat. Bagi kalangan yang pro-perda berbasis syari’ah, lahirnya perda-perda tersebut dianggap sebagai terobosan untuk menjamin tertib masyarakat, baik dari sisi hubungan antar individu, maupun keterjaminan “moral” individu tersebut di masyarakat. Bagi kalangan yang kontra dengan Perda ini, mereka mengargumenkan bahwa pembentukan Perda berbasis syari’ah dinilai berlebihan, bahkan ada yang menyatakannya secara terbuka bahwa perda-perda tersebut bertentangan dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang ada. Perda barbasis syari’ah tidak dapat langsung dikatakan baik atau tidak menurut hukum, begitu juga tidak dapat dikatakan sejalan atau bertentangan  dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang ada. Ada beberapa parameter yang dapat dilakukan untuk melakukan penilaian, yaitu dengan cara Eksekutif Review yang dilakukan oleh Kementrian Dalam Negeri, Judicial Review dilakukan oleh Mahkamah Agung dan Legislatif Review oleh Lembaga Legislatif.
NIKAH SIRRI DALAM PERSPEKTIF YURIDIS DAN SOSIOLOGIS
Authors: Wahidah Nur
Published: October 2018

Married siri is carried out by the community, with various shapes and reasons. Scholars who allow their marriage Sirri when harmony and marriage requirements are met, the opportunity for most citizens of the community to do this practice, even in another form that ignores harmony and the terms of the wedding itself. When the mayor is absent or does not approve, they were reluctant to marry guardian judge, but chose to do it Sirri marriage outside legal procedures. They forget that marriage is a strong bond, which binds husbands and wives inwardly and outwardly with certain consequences, both to the couple itself and to children offspring.
PROPOSTA DE UM NOVO MODELO DE GOVERNANÇA PORTUÁRIA PARA O BRASIL
Authors: Cutrim Sérgio Sampaio , Botter Rui Carlos , Robles Leo Tadeu
Published: October 2018

Este artigo analisa o modelo de governança do setor portuário brasileiro.  O estudo composto por  revisão bibliográfica e aplicação do método Delphi alcançou seu objetivo propondo nova estrutura de governança com aplicação do modelo de corporatização portuária; reformulação e devolução do caráter deliberativo do Conselho de Administração das Autoridades Portuárias e do Conselho Nacional de  Integração de Política de Transporte; descentralização do planejamento portuário; criação de ministério responsável por todos os modais de transporte; extinção da Empresa de Planejamento e Logística; fortalecimento e manutenção das funções da Agência  Nacional de Transporte Aquaviário e manutenção do modelo Landlord.
Screening of lung cancer biomarker-proteins with a multiplex electrochemical sensor system based on aptamers
Authors: Glazyrin Yu. E. , Shabalina A. V. , Ryginskaya K. A. , Zamay S. S. , Kolovski V. A. , Svetlichnyi V. A. , Lapin I. N. , Zamay G. S. , Kolovskaya O. S. , Zamay T. N. , Pac Yu. S. , Kichkailo A. S.
Published: October 2018

The aimof this work is the development and demonstration of the method of simultaneous detection of several biomarkers of lung cancer in the blood plasma of patients using a multiplex electrochemical testing system based on DNA aptamers. DNA aptamers are a new class of synthetic affinity probes obtained by in vitro or in vivo selection procedure by the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX).

Materials and methods.A set of aptamers obtained previously by selection for postoperative lung cancer tissue was used to create a multiplex electrochemical biochip. Identification of aptamer target proteins was performed using a modified affinity enrichment method (AptaBID). Molecular targets for the used set of aptamers to lung cancer were defined as vimentin, defensin, a light chain of myosin, tubulin alpha 1-B, neutrophil elastase and A1 elongation factor 1.

Measurements of the presence of these biomarker proteins in blood plasma were carried out using electrochemical detection. The difference between peak heights before and after plasma deposition on the electrodes modified by aptamers was considered as a response of the system to the presence of protein onco-markers in blood plasma. Blood plasma of healthy volunteers was used as control.

Results. Research showed that in the blood plasma of all the patients with lung cancer the content of biomarker proteins that bind to aptamers on electrode surfaces was increased. The increased content of these proteins in the blood plasma of patients suggests the presence of invasiveness and metastasis of tumors and their chemo-resistance.
Prognosis of cardiovascular events after implantation of a cardioverterdefibrillator in patients with chronic heart failure: the value of increasing concentration of endothelin-1 and soluble forms of ST2 protein in blood plasma
Authors: Teplyakov A. T. , Tarasov N. I. , Isakov L. K. , Grakova E. V. , Sinkova M. N. , Kopieva K. V. , Garmaeva О. B. , Ogurkova O. N. , Kalyuzhin V. V. , Kalyuzhina E. V.
Published: October 2018

Aim.The purpose of this study was to examine the association of increasing concentrations of endothelin-1 and soluble forms of ST2 protein (sST2)  in the blood plasma of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) who underwent implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator, with the development of cardiovascular events (death from cardiovascular diseases, decompensated CHF, acute coronary syndrome or acute ischemic stroke) to determine whether these biomarkers can be used as predictors of an unfavorable course of the disease.

Material and methods. A 6-month cohort study included 40 patients with CHF who received an ICD 4-12 weeks before their inclusion in the study. At the beginning of the study the concentrations of endothelin-1 and sST2 in plasma by ELISA were analyzed, along with conventional diagnostic techniques typical of a specialized cardiology clinic.

Results.Phenotype with a favorable course of the disease was identified in 21 patients (group 1), and with a unfavorable course was seen in 19 (group 2). The concentration of endothelin-1 and sST2 in the blood plasma of the 2nd group patients was higher than in patients of the 1st group. The link of cardiovascular events with high levels of soluble ST2 protein and endothelin-1 in blood plasma has been identified. Variation of the decision rule threshold on the ROC-curve has allowed sST2 concentration of 34.93 ng/ml to be determined as a cutoff  point.  Accuracy of two-class classification (determination of  the posterior probability of cardiovascular events) after identifying such cut-off  point was characterized by 93%  sensitivity and 72% specificity (area under ROC-curve – 0.87).  If the value of the plasma concentrations of sST2 more 34.93 ng/ml the relative risk of cardiovascular events was 4.4 (95% CI 1.7–11.1). The use of endothelin-1 surplus in plasma (cut-off point – 0.34 fmol/ml) in predicting cardiovascular events was lower: the sensitivity – 88%, specificity – 68% (area under ROC-curve – 0.74). When the concentration of endothelin-1 in blood plasma was more than 0.34 fmol/ml the relative risk of cardiovascular events was 2.7 (95% CI 1.2–6.3).

Conclusion.The increase in the sST2 and endothelin-1 concentration in blood plasma may be considered as a predictor of cardiovascular events in CHF patients after implantation of cardioverter-defibrillator.
The role of gastrointestinal pathology in the development and severity of oral lichen planus
Authors: Titarenko M. A. , Stolyarova V. A. , Sysolyatin P. G. , Baydik O. D.
Published: October 2018

The aim is to determine the most significant predictors of the oral lichen planus in patients with gastrointestinal pathology.

Materials and methods. The study was performed of 40 patients aged 41 to 86 years with oral lichen planus. Degree of mucosal damage by oral lichen planus was evaluated. The concomitant pathology of the gastrointestinal tract was established. A discriminant analysis was carried out.

Results. The most significant predictors for a diagnosis of oral lichen planus in patients with  gastrointestinal pathology are revealed. The sensitivity of the method was 100.0%, the specificity was 100.0%, and the errorfreeness was 100.0%.

The conclusion. Discriminant analysis allows us to conduct a diagnosis of the oral lichen planus in patients with gastrointestinal pathology. This model is available in clinical practice.
Hemocompatibility of magnetic magnethite nanoparticles and magnetite-silica composites in vitro
Authors: Toropova Y. G. , Pechnikova N. A. , Zelinskaya I. A. , Korolev D. V. , Gareev K. G. , Markitantova А. S. , Bogushevskaya V. D. , Povolotskaya A. V. , Manshina A. A.
Published: October 2018

The goal of the present research is to study the hemocompatibility of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs)  in model systems in vitro.

Materials and methods. Magnetite nanoparticles and magnetite colloidal solutions were used in 0.9% NaCl in concentrations 0.2, 2.0 and 20.0 mg/ml. The study was performed with heparinized human whole blood, 1 ml of which was mixed with 1 of ml nanoparticles/physiological solution. Measurements were made directly after mixing, and then 1, 2.5 and 5 hours later. The amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured with luminol-dependent chemiluminiscence (CL). An erythrocyte aggregation index was calculated. For the assessment of hemolytic properties, a hemolysis coefficient was calculated based on optical density of the plasma. The nanoparticless surface protein layer investigation was performed with IR-Fourier spectroscopy.

Results. Nanoparticles decline CL in timeand concentration-dependent manner. Erythrocyte aggregation stability grows, but concentration and/or application time increment leads to significant hemolysis. IR-Fourier spectroscopy data shows albumin as main component of protein crown, whose conformation changes in time.

Given data proves safety of studied MNPs in relation to examined parameters in low (0.2 and 2.0 mg/ml) concentrations up to 2.5 hours interaction. This allows us to treat these MNPs as a promising agents for further use in medical practice after completing examinations related to other homeostasis indicators.
Features of immunoregulation in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with blood eosinophilia
Authors: Urazova O. I. , Churina E. G. , Kolobovnikova Yu. V. , Novitskiy V. V. , Karaulov A. V. , Nikulina E. L. , Poletika V. S.
Published: October 2018

The aimof the investigation was to determine the characteristics of the immune response regulation for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and to analyze the role of regulatory T cells in the immunopathogenesis of TB with eosinophilia in the blood, depending on the clinical form of the disease and sensitivity of Micobacterium tuberculosis to anti-TB drugs.

Materials and methods.157 patients who were initially diagnosed with infiltrative and disseminated TB were examined. The material of the study was venous blood and culture of mononuclear leukocytes isolated from venous blood. The content of interleukin (IL) 4, IL-10 and transforming factor beta (TGFβ) in culture suspensions of mononuclear leukocytes in vitro and IL-5 in the blood was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. The expression of surface molecules CD4, CD20, CD25 and intracellular transcription factor Foxp3 by lymphocytes of the blood was evaluated by flow cytometry. The obtained results were analyzed by statistical methods.

Results.It is shown that excessive generation of regulatory T cells in patients with TB is associated with eosinophilia of the blood and imbalance of immune response regulation mechanisms. In TB with eosinophilia, an increase in the number of Foxp3-positive regulatory T cells in the blood is combined with in vitro hypersecretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines TGFβ, IL-10, IL-4 and an increase in the content of CD20+ B lymphocytes and IL-5 in the blood. These changes are most pronounced in the disseminated form of TB in combination with drug resistance.

Conclusion.Characteristics of immunoregulation at TB with blood eosinophilia are associated with activation of immunosuppression mechanisms and polarization of immune response towards Th2-dependent pathway.
Two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell culture models in vitro: pros and cons
Authors: Galimova E. S. , Galagudza M. М.
Published: October 2018

Discovery and development of new chemical compounds with putative anti-cancer properties requires reliable predictive preclinical models for in vitro screening of efficacy. Such models mainly include cultures of human cancer cells: two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems. In this review, we discuss the molecular aspects of cells cultured in 2D and 3D, and their relevance to cancer study, focusing on key examples from the recent literature. Advantages, disadvantages and perspectives of described models are also analyzed.
Formation of ovarian reserve
Authors: Zenkina V. G.
Published: October 2018

The review of the literature is devoted to modern data on the formation of the ovarian reserve of the female sexual organ. The relationship between the size of the ovarian reserve and length of reproductive capacity emphasizes the importance of understanding the regulatory factors and processes that determine its creation. We described ovarian reserve markers and regulators such as oocyte phosphotidylinositol-3-kinase, a stem-cell factor (kit ligand) that promote the survival of follicles during neonatal development, synaptonemic complex (SCP3), which is the marker of the first division of meiosis, as well as genes DMC1 and PTEN, involved in meiotic transformations and recruitment of primordial follicles. Changes in the expression of some genes and factors in the human fetal ovaries during primary follicular assembly now give an idea of the ways controlling early folliculogenesis. Aberrant production of these factors can cause dysfunction, the development of ovarian disorders and a defective follicular reserve. In particular, the degree of change in the number of germ cells at each of the stages leading to the creation of an ovarian reserve should be noted. This change can affect the final size of the follicular stock, and, consequently, the reproductive longevity of a person and health in the postproductive period. In particular, the number of primary follicles during puberty is positively correlated with the number of growing follicles and their response to gonadotropin treatment. The size of the ovarian reserve depends on the genes involved in proliferation and differentiation of germ cells, sexual differentiation, meiosis, germ cell degeneration, the formation of primary follicles, and the potential mechanism for self-renewal of embryonic stem cells. For example, a possible molecular mechanism has been established leading to a meiotic process in oocytes involving the above genes and factors, as well as apoptotic and antiapoptical signals: Bax, Bcl-2, p53, CDK1, Lsd1, Notch, Stra8, Dazl, Dmc1, Rec8, XIAP , PUMA. Therefore, understanding all the subtleties and molecular mechanisms at each stage of laying down and developing the ovaries, sex cells and their environment, and the death of gametes, can help to search for possible regulators and prevent pathological depletion of the follicular stock.
Epidemiology of drug resistant epilepsy in adults
Authors: Narodova E. A. , Shnayder N. A. , Prokopenko S. V. , Narodova V. V. , Narodov A. A. , Dmitrenko D. V.
Published: October 2018

This review examines the epidemiology of drug resistant epilepsy in adults in Russia and abroad. References were taken from Russian and foreign databases for the period from 2010–2017. Only full-text publications (66) were included in this review. We concluded that the despite the achievements of clinical pharmacology and the development of new antiepileptic drugs, the problem of drug resistant epilepsy remains not fully resolved today. The worldwide high prevalence rate of patients with drug resistant epilepsy substantiates the problem. Thus, the average incidence of this disease varies from 30% to 70%, depending on the type of epilepsy and background pathology, which is the cause of symptomatic epilepsy. However, we have faced the problem of the absence both in Russia and abroad of large multicenter studies on the epidemiology of drug resistant epilepsy in the analyzed period of time. We have also revealed the lack of a unified definition of the disease, which is probably one of the reasons for the insufficient number of epidemiological studies of drug resistant epilepsy in different countries of the world.
Adaptive reactions of rats after light desynchronosis and physical overwork
Authors: Gostyukhina A. A. , Zamoshchina T. A. , Zaitsev K. V. , Gutor S. S. , Zhukova O. B. , Svetlik M. V. , Abdulkina N. G. , Zaitsev A. A.
Published: October 2018

It is known that desynchronosis and physical stress to the point of fatigue are powerful stressors for the body. Studies indicate a depleting effect of the combined stress factors on the adaptive reserves of the organism, especially when the joint exposure is prolonged. However, the adaptive value of the training process in various activities is also well known. In this regard, it seems important to study these two aspects of adaptation when combined effects of light desynchronosis and physical overwork on the body.

Рurposeof this study was to study the features of adaptive reactions of rats under conditions of light desynchronosis and physical overwork.

Materials and methods. An experimental study was performed on 60 mature male rats of the Wistar breed. For the induction of experimental desynchronosis, the animals of the experimental groups were kept for 10 days in artificial bright illumination (150 LX) or full darkening (2-3 LX). The model of physical overfatigue used the method of forced swimming of rats to complete fatigue in their own modification. At the end of the swim test, all the animals were withdrawn from the experiment and underwent one-step-long decapitation under CO2 with anesthesia. In decapitated animals, to collect serum, the blood was collected in a clean, dry vial. In the blood serum of rats, the biochemical standard method was used to determine the level of lactate. Using the ELISA method and the reagent kit “IBL” (Germany), the concentrations of corticosterone and serotonin were determined. The histological analysis of the stress-realizing organs was carried out according to a standard procedure using light microscopy using the Axioskop 40 microscope from CarlZeiss (Germany).

Results.It was found that physical fatigue in rats after daily swimming activities (5 days) was accompanied by a decrease in the level of corticosterone in the blood serum and destructive changes in the adrenal and femoral muscles in comparison with intact animals. In comparison with the intact group, dark deprivation and physical activity did not alter the content of corticosterone, serotonin, and lactate in the blood and caused minor destructive processes in the adrenal glands. Light deprivation and fatigue lowered the level of corticosterone in the blood, caused destructive changes in the adrenal glands and muscles, and increased serotonin levels in serum, but did not change the level of lactate.

Conclusions.The features of adaptive reactions of rats under conditions of light desynchronosis and physical overfatigue are determined by the nature of deprivation or the direction of the phase shift (deprivation of light or darkness). Dark deprivation followed by physical overfatigue causes the development of the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome, and light deprivation followed by physical overwork is the phase of exhaustion.
Fir branch as rare cause of aspiration pneumonia in adults
Authors: Kosarev S. N. , Pazilov A. H. , Ochkas D. A. , Kolesnik N. Yu. , Sorokina T. V. , Topolnitsky E. B. , Ageeva T. S.
Published: October 2018

The article represents a clinical observation describing the case of mechanical obstruction in the respiratory passages with an unusual foreign body, a fir branch. The diagnostic problem lied in the fact that a patient did not notice the fact of aspiration, the respiratory symptoms were non-specific, and the foreign body was radiotransparent. A detailed case history allowed the detection and endoscopic confirmation of the aspiration of a foreign body, a fir branch, and the consideration of the community acquired pneumonia and secondary aspiration pneumonia that required specialized medical care by the thoracic surgery department.
Capability of contrast enhanced magnetic resonance tomography in accurate grading of chondrosarcoma
Authors: Fedorova A. V. , Kochergina N. V. , Boulytcheva I. V. , Sushentsov E. A. , Nered A. S. , Shchipakhina Y. A. , Bludov A. B.
Published: October 2018

Chondrosarcoma is one of the most common tumors in adults. Correct grading of chondrosarcoma is the most important criterion that defines the course of surgical treatment. A case report of a 56 years old female patient with chondrosarcoma of the pelvic bone is presented. The assistance of magnetic resonance tomography in accurate grading of the tumor is shown.
The problem of assessing the adaptive capacity of the human operator
Authors: Popechitelev E. P. , Pekker Ya. S. , Novikova T. V.
Published: October 2018

Decomposition of professional thinking of the human operator in process control, requiring intense attention for a long time, was performed. The problem of assessing the ability of the operator to adapt to mental stress was formulated. The authors proposed a model for calculation of the indicators of the functional state of the body  during the transition from normal to hard work. It is based on a dynamic model of the system, which is not in a stationary state under external forces, but will be changing until the rate of entropy production within the system reaches the minimum in these conditions. It is shown that this model can be used to solve the problem.
The results of surgical treatment of patients with large and complex incisional hernias of the anterior abdominal wall in a multidisciplinary hospital
Authors: Degovtsov E. N. , Kolyadko P. V. , Kolyadko V. P. , Satinov A. V.
Published: October 2018

Objectives. To evaluate the immediate results of surgical treatment of patients with large incisional hernia of the anterior abdominal wall with the use of the mesh implants.

Materials and methods. The data were retrospectively collected and analyzed. The study included patients with a large and / or complex incisional hernia. There were 108 patients who underwent incisional hernia repair with mesh reinforcement in the period from 2012 to 2016. In all cases the repairs were made with mesh implants. The average age of patients was (56.4 ± 10.4) years. The body mass index (BMI) was on average (32.6 ± 6.24) kg/m2. The medial localization of the hernia was 102 (94.44%). The width of the hernia defect averaged (12.2 ± 3.7) cm. Implants were placement in onlay positions – 19 (17.6%), sublay – 49 (45.37%), IPOM (Intraperitoneal onlay mesh) – 30 (27.77%) patients, the component separation technique (CST) with mesh reinforcement was used in 10 (9.25%) patients. Active aspiration drainage was performed in 72 (66.66%) patients.

Results. The average time for draining the postoperative wound was (5 ± 2.2) days. The number of wound complications was 23 (21.3%), the number of seromas of the postoperative wound prevailed was 16 (14.8%) patients, of which 2 (1.85%) were chronic abdominal wall seromas, hematoma occurred in  2 patients (1.85%), the number of prolonged serous exudation was 7 (6.5%), necrosis of the wound edges occurred in 4 (3.7%) patients. There was no mortality. Reliably more often wound complications occurred in patients with large hernia defects (p = 0.006), and also with an increase in the duration of surgical intervention (p = 0.01). The hospital-stay in patients with complications was significantly greater (p < 0.001), the need for analgesics also increased (p < 0.001).

Conclusion. Prevention of wound complications after large and complex incisional hernia repair with mesh reinforcement is an important direction in improving the results of surgical treatment in this category of patients.
Use of ultrasonic elastography in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lesions
Authors: Dibina T. V. , Drozdov E. S. , Koshel A. P. , Latypov V. R.
Published: October 2018

Aim. Evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasonic elastography in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lesions.

Materials and methods. Seventy patients with pancreatic cystic lesions were examined. Structure of clinical forms is the following: cystadenoma – 30 (serous cystadenoma – 23, mucinous cystadenoma – 2, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma – 5), pseudocysts – 40. Diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lesions was conducted with the help of transabdominal ultrasound examination (with 3D-reconstruction) and ultrasonic elastography.

Results. The parameters of ultrasonic elastography for various types of pancreatic cystic lesions were determined. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, the overall accuracy of the technique accounted for 97, 75, 74, 97 and 84% respectively. The superiority of the elastography technique over the standard transabdominal ultrasound in differential diagnosis of cystic pancreatic formations was illustrated.

Conclusions. Ultrasonic elastography is an effective, non-invasive method of differential diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lesions and can be widely used in clinical practice.
The effect of canceroembryonic antigen on cytokine production by immunocompetent blood cells in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Autenshlus A. I. , Kunts T. A. , Karpukhina K. V. , Mikhailova E. S. , Varaksin N. A. , Marinkin I. O.
Published: October 2018

Aim. Investigation of the influence of canceroembryonic antigen (CEA) on the immune cells in patients with breast tumors.

Materials and methods. Peripheral blood of 67 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (n = 44), fibroadenoma (n = 12) and breast pre-cancer (n = 11). In the supernatants of the blood cells cytokine production induced by CEA was determined by ELISA.

Results.It was found that CEA stimulated production of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1β, IL-1Ra, TNFα, G-CSF, GM-CSF and the protein MCP-1 by blood immune cells in patients with fibroadenoma compared with groups of patients with invasive ductal carcinoma and precancerous lesions. Stimulation index of CEA on cytokine production by immunocompetent cells in patients in these groups was lower than in groups of patients with fibroadenoma due to initially high levels of spontaneous cytokine production.

Results.  In  patients  with  fibroadenoma  CEA  was  found  to  stimulate  the  production  of  IL-6,  IL-8,  IL-10,  IL-1β,  IL-1Ra,  TNFa,  G-CSF,  GM-CSF  and  MCP-1  compared  with  groups  of  patients  with  invasive ductal carcinoma and precancerous conditions. Indexes of the influence of CEA on cytokine production by immunocompetent cells in these groups was lower than in the fibroadenoma due to initially high spontaneous production of cytokines.

Conclusion.  Evident  spontaneous  cytokine-producing  function  of  immunocompetent  blood  cells  was revealed in patients with invasive ductal carcinoma and precancerous conditions compared to patients with fibroadenoma.  The  differences  between  the  indices  of  CEA  influence  on  cytokine  production  in  patients with malignant, benign and precancerous conditions can serve as a basis for the development of methods of differential diagnosis of breast tumors.
Molecular features of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kakurina G. V. , Kolegova E. S. , Cheremisina О. V. , Choinzonov Е. L.
Published: October 2018

Relevance.To identify new markers of early diagnosis and prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) it is necessary to study the molecular features of this disease.

Purpose.The aim of the study was to analyze blood serum protein spectrum in patients with HNSCC and in healthy volunteers using the methods of mass spectrometry and to evaluate the selected serum protein markers as candidates for early detection of HNSCC.

Materials and Methods: The blood serum of HNSCC patients before therapy with metastases, without metastases and healthy volunteers was studied by proteomic methods. Validation of the results of proteomic analysis was carried out by ELISA in serum of 52 patients with HNSCC (T1-4N0-3M0), 10 patients with chronic hyperplastic laryngitis, dysplasia DII-DIII and 10 healthy volunteers. The statistical analysis was carried out using Statistica 6.0. Software package.

Results.Blood serum proteome of HNSCC patients with metastases, without metastases and healthy volunteers are different and contain proteins of different classes. Adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1) and protein phosphatase 1B (PPM1B) were selected to validate the obtained results. It was shown that the serum level of CAP1 and PPM1B differed in control and dysplasia groups and dysplasia and cancer groups (p ≤ 0,05). In patients with HNSCC (T1N0M0) the serum CAP1 and PPM1B levels were higher than in patients with dysplasia and healthy individuals (p ≤ 0,05). It was noted the positive correlation of the CAP1 level in the serum with the presence of metastases and the PPM1B level.

Conclusion.Candidates for serum markers of HNSCC prognosis were identified. The difference in serum levels of CAP1 and PPM1B depending on the prevalence of primary tumors and the difference in serum level of CAP1 depending on the presence of regional metastases was shown. Determination of CAP1 level in the serum can be useful for early diagnosis and prognosis of HNSCC.