bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nursing care toward older adults with dementia: An integrative review
Authors: Adolfo Cris S. , Albougami Abdulrhman Saad B. , Roque Mark Y. , Almazan Joseph U.
Published: March 2021

Background

Dementia among older adults is receiving increase attention due to its neurodegenerative pathologies and poses a significant challenge for healthcare services systems. Caring for older adults with dementia is frequently challenging. This integrative review appraised and synthesised the existing literature describing the nursing care given to older adults with dementia.

Methods

An integrative review was used using six electronic databases (CINAHL, Medline, Science direct‐Elsevier, Proquest, Pubmed and Web of Science). The search terms that were included in various combinations using mesh terms were as follows: nurse* OR nursing staff* AND caring OR care OR caring behavior OR affectionate OR compassionate AND older person* OR aging* OR elder* OR geriatric patient* OR older adult* OR gerontology* OR aged* OR old age. A standardised review by Kmet et al. instrument was utilised for appraising the quality of selected 13 articles.

Results

The results were presented based on the two major themes: challenges in providing care and identifying and managing older adults’ difficult behaviours.

Conclusion

The findings of an integrative review can be used as a foundation for formulating recommendations for how dementia care by nurses can be improved and highlighting where policy development and further research are needed.
Implementation of a pre‐hospital transfusion service in Latin America: the pioneering experience of a Brazilian centre
Authors: Certain Lucas , da Silva Israel , da Silva Jussara Aparecida Rodrigues , Schevenin Juliana de Cássia , de Oliveira Ana Barbara Regiani , Franceli Amanda Bonamichi , Lisboa Camila Emanuele Camargo , de Oliveira Marina de Fatima , Leme Marcus Antonio da Silva , Izzo Pedro , Benites Bruno Deltreggia
Published: March 2021

Background and Objectives

This report describes the implementation of the first pre‐hospital transfusion service in Latin America, with red blood cell concentrates available for immediate use in mobile land units.

Materials and Methods

A partnership was established between the Regional Mobile Emergency Service and the Regional Blood Bank, with further development of protocols for the storage, transportation and transfusion of red blood cell concentrates in an ambulance, with the acquisition of special thermal boxes, a heater for blood components and digital thermometers.

Results

The Service was developed from May 2019 and implemented in September 2020, in a mobile intensive care unit serving 11 cities, reaching a population of approximately 480 000 inhabitants. Two red blood cell concentrates, type ‘O’ RhD negative, are available, stored in a special sealed thermal box and with continuous temperature monitoring. A specific transfusion protocol was developed, in accordance with the institutional protocols of the Hospital and its Blood Bank.

Conclusion

This is the first description of a pre‐hospital transfusion service implemented in Latin America, with the potential to reduce the number of deaths from civil trauma and which can be extrapolated to other institutions or countries in similar conditions.
Phenotypic variation and adaptation in morphology and salt spray tolerance in coastal and inland populations of Setaria viridis in central Japan
Authors: Itoh Matsuo
Published: March 2021

Variations in morphology and salt spray tolerance were studied among 22 populations of Setaria viridis derived from the coastal and inland habitats of central Japan to elucidate the adaptation of the species to coastal habitats, which are important reservoirs that enhance the overall species diversity in agro‐ecosystems. The S. viridis populations comprised three ecotypes that differed in plant form and salt spray tolerance: coastal short, for populations within rocky cliffs and pebble shores; coastal tall, found in sandy shores; and ordinary inland tall ecotypes. The coastal short ecotype exhibited significantly higher salt spray tolerance than the ordinary inland ecotypes. The coastal tall ecotype found primarily within the Seto Inland Sea had intermediate salt spray tolerance. The compact stature and high salt spray tolerance of the coastal short ecotype appeared to be adaptive to intensive salt spray transported by strong winds from the open sea, whereas mild breezes off the Inland Sea enabled the tall and moderately tolerant plants to survive on the sandy shores. At Cape Naruto, both coastal short and inland tall ecotypes were observed separately in continuous plant sequences from rocky cliffs to inland areas. The inland tall ecotype that is susceptible to salt spray could survive within this area because the surrounding evergreen trees impede salt spray. The coastal short ecotype occupies rocky cliffs because migrants coming from inland could be eliminated by intensive salt spray. Therefore, maintaining the specific habitats to which coastal plants have fully adapted is highly important for the preservation of biodiversity.
Estrategias sociales, crisis y gobernanza rural. Paradojas de la resiliencia en la montaña pirenaica, Navarra
Authors: Sanz Tolosana Elvira , Oliva Serrano Jesús
Published: March 2021

Las claves para el desarrollo y la sostenibilidad social del mundo rural de la montaña en el sur de Europa han sido redefinidas por la nueva gobernanza territorial, las movilidades y el impacto de la crisis. Una transformación que ilustra particularmente el caso español. Los resultados de la investigación realizada en el Pirineo navarro, evidencian el papel que juegan las estrategias familiares junto con las asociaciones locales como pilares para la resiliencia. Algo frecuentemente olvidado en las políticas al igual que las formas de gobernanza, pero que en el enfoque sociológico permite documentar como recursos de innovación social decisivos, en contextos particularmente vulnerables y coyunturas desfavorables.
Objetivos priorizados y metodologías más utilizadas por los extensionistas rurales argentinos
Authors: Landini Fernando Pablo , Beramendi Maite Regina
Published: March 2021

En el presente trabajo, se evaluaron los objetivos priorizados y las estrategias metodológicas más utilizadas por los extensionistas rurales de dos principales instituciones de extensión en Argentina. Para lo anterior, se formuló un cuestionario que fue respondido por 593 extensionistas. Los objetivos más mencionados son la creación y fortalecimiento de organizaciones de productores, el apoyo al acceso a servicios básicos y el fortalecimiento de las estrategias productivas a través de la financiación de pequeños proyectos. Las estrategias metodológicas grupales son las más utilizadas. Los objetivos y las metodologías difieren, fundamentalmente, según la organización de pertenencia, años de experiencia y título académico de los extensionistas.
sector agrario latinoamericano en el sistema económico internacional mediante técnicas input-output
Authors: López Martínez María
Published: March 2021

Con el uso de una metodología input-output y los datos de las tablas mundiales entre países de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OECD, 2016), el presente estudio plantea un análisis estructural del sector agrario en el ámbito internacional, especialmente, en siete países latinoamericanos: Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, México y Perú (si bien, la información cubre más de sesenta economías). Los resultados obtenidos identifican a Chile como el país de América Latina que cuenta con el sector agrario más moderno, además de presentar los indicadores socioeconómicos más avanzados; mientras tanto, Perú y Colombia suelen encontrarse en el otro extremo. Así mismo, se puede concluir que los modelos de modernización agraria, optados por Argentina y Costa Rica, no han favorecido a un desarrollo paralelo de estos países, pues tienen un impacto limitado en los mercados internos en ambos casos.
Yielding and Fracture of Medium-Carbon Steel Under Combined Stress
Authors: Davis E. A.
Published: March 2021

Results of combined stress tests on a medium-carbon steel are presented. Particular attention has been paid to the magnitude and the distribution of the stresses and strains at the instant preceding fracture. The effect of the shape of the test specimen and the isotropy of the material upon the rupture properties have also been investigated. This investigation was carried out at the Westinghouse Research Laboratories under a contract with the David Taylor Model Basin, Bureau of Ships, U. S. Navy Department, according to plans worked out by Captain W. P. Roop, U.S.N., of the David Taylor Model Basin, and Dr. A. Nadai of Westinghouse.
Temperature Measurements in High-Velocity Air Streams
Authors: Hottel H. C. , Kalitinsky A.
Published: March 2021

When a stream of air is partially stopped by an inserted temperature probe, the temperature increase due to the conversion of kinetic energy affects the reading of the probe. The fraction of the total kinetic temperature rise which is registered by the probe, i.e., the so-called “recovery factor” of the probe, is a function of a number of variables. Tests dealing with the effect of probe shape and air velocity on this recovery factor, and with the influence of radiation on the accuracy of the measurements, are reported in this paper. Bare-wire probes gave recovery factors of approximately 0.65 in transverse flow and, in axial flow, approached 0.87 as the air velocity increased (in good agreement with theoretical predictions for flow over flat plates). With a spherical enlargement at the thermocouple junction, recovery approached 0.75. Recovery of twisted-wire couples varied from 0.72 to 0.83. A reduced-scale model of the Franz probe was found unsatisfactory after extensive study. Two simpler probes were developed, having high recovery (above 0.98 as velocity approaches sonic) and satisfactory insensitivity to yaw and radiation errors.
A New Design Criterion for Wire Rope
Authors: Drucker D. C. , Tachau H.
Published: March 2021

Several previous attempts have been made to analyze existing experimental and field data on wire rope running over sheaves, in order to arrive at a basis of design. It is believed that this paper is the first to indicate that a dimensionless bearing-pressure variable B = 2T/UdD is of prime importance in the proper choice of wire rope. Its significance is evident in the plot of life (number of cycles to failure) against this bearing-pressure ratio B, Fig. 1, which shows a well-defined curve for several ordinary lay 6 × 37 ropes. Also, the scatter in test results for many different ordinary lay ropes of 6 × 19 and 6 × 37 construction, Fig. 2, is less than might be expected from the considerable variation in testing procedure and the wire rope itself. In addition, the average curves, Fig. 3, for ordinary lay ropes of different construction all show similar characteristics and fall within the same range. This closeness of agreement in both shape and magnitude can easily be explained on the basis of the compressive stress between the wires but not on the nominal bending and direct tensile stresses that have in the past been considered the important quantities. Plotting against these conventional variables, either singly or in combination, at best leads to families of curves instead of one only for a given construction, thus requiring more data and leading to conclusions which probably have less physical meaning, Figs. 4 (a, b, c, d).
A Simplified Method of Determining Hoop Stresses in Fan Rotors
Authors: Lake G. F.
Published: March 2021

The method of determining the stresses in rotating disks and cylinders is given in various engineering textbooks. For a disk of varying thickness the form of the differential equation derived in the stress analysis is such that it can only be conveniently applied to disks of particular section, and even then the solution involves tedious arithmetical computation. This method can be applied to disks of practical section by approximating to the section as far as possible by one or more sections of soluble shape. Where the approximation involves more than one section, the method becomes exceedingly cumbersome owing to the number of constants introduced and the laborious arithmetic required in their evaluation. The absence of a ready method of determining stresses in disks of different shape is a decided disadvantage when considering the stresses in fan rotors. The running speeds of fans are frequently such that they impose high stresses in the rotors, and it would be useful to have some method of assessing rapidly the effect on stress both of modifications in the design stage and later of wear in service. A simple method of determining to a fairly close approximation the hoop stresses in rotors containing a central hole is given in this paper. It is shown by applying the method to cases capable of solution by the more exact method that, subject to certain limitations, the likely error in the maximum hoop stress is an overestimate by the approximate method of about 5 per cent.
Experimental Investigation of Turbulence Diffusion—A Factor in Transportation of Sediment in Open-Channel Flow
Authors: Van Driest E. R.
Published: March 2021

Turbulence diffusion in open-channel flow was investigated experimentally by photographing the spread of globules formed by the injection of an immiscible fluid into water. The mean-square transverse deviations of the globules at various distances downstream from the source were computed and analyzed in an effort to determine the shape of the velocity-correlation curve. Comparison was made between two types of curve which fitted the deviation data, one corresponding to a power-correlation law and the other to an exponential-correlation law.
Stresses in a Cylindrical Shell Due to Nozzle or Pipe Connection
Authors: Schoessow G. J. , Kooistra L. F.
Published: March 2021

Results are reported of a strain-gage test conducted on a 54-in-diam cylindrical shell to which was attached two 12-in-diam pipes. The pipes were subjected to direct axial-tension loading, direct axial-compression loading, and transverse bending moments. This construction simulates the conditions which exist in boiler drums, pressure piping, hydraulic penstocks, etc., where pipe connections are subject to forces and moments that develop strains in the shell to which the pipes are attached. Moderate loading applied to the pipes resulted in 20,000-psi bending stresses in the shell. These stresses are of a magnitude that demands the respect and attention of the designers. By publication of these data, the authors hope to stimulate interest in further experimental and analytical investigations of the problem, which eventually will establish a basis for predicting the magnitude of stresses in cylindrical shells. Such data are not now available.
Design of Beams of Long Span and Low Specific Strength
Authors: Opatowski I.
Published: March 2021

The paper gives methods for the design of cantilevers of uniform strength in bending in those cases in which the weight of the beam cannot be neglected in calculating the bending moment. This occurs in concrete structures when the span is large and the strength of material relatively low.
The Theory of Ejectors
Authors: Elrod H. G.
Published: March 2021

This paper extends an ejector theory which has previously been confirmed by the experiments of others. By means of the theory a new criterion of ejector performance and a new equation for ejector design are derived. Both the criterion and the equation are illustrated by a sample calculation in which a convenient computation procedure is employed. The procedure is adaptable to calculations for dissimilar fluids.
A Graphical Method for the Evaluation of Principal Strains From Normal Strains
Authors: Murphy Glenn
Published: March 2021

Graphical methods are available for determining principal strains when observed strains are measured along gage lines which make angles of 45 deg or 60 deg with each other. In this paper the author presents a simplified graphical method for the general case in which angles between the gage lines may have any arbitrary values.
Experimental Investigation of Buoyancy-Induced Convection in High-Porosity Open-Cell Aluminum Metal Foams Under Different Orientations
Authors: Ramakrishna Tupakula , Ghosh Moulic Sandipan , Bhattacharya Anandaroop
Published: March 2021

This investigation deals with buoyancy-induced convection of air in an open-cell aluminum foam under different orientations. Metal foam samples with a porosity of 93% and pore densities of 2, 4, 8, and 16 pores per cm (PPC) were used. The average heat transfer coefficient was determined for several values of the angle of inclination of the base plate, ranging from the vertical to the horizontal, with the foam facing upwards as well as downwards. The heat transfer coefficient was found to depend on the pore density, the thickness of the foam, the orientation of the base plate, and the difference in temperature between the base plate and the ambient. In all cases, the average heat transfer coefficient was found to be higher than that of the base plate without the foam. For a given angle of inclination and foam thickness, the thermal performance of samples with lower pore density was found to be superior. Two empirical correlations for predicting the effective Nusselt number have been proposed, one for the cases where the foam faces upwards and the other for cases where the foam faces downwards, relating the Nusselt number to Rayleigh number, Darcy number, the ratio of the thickness of the foam to the length of the square base plate and the angle of inclination from the vertical in the range of −90 deg (foam facing down) to +90 deg (foam facing up). The correlation predictions were found to match with experimentally determined Nusselt numbers within ±5% when the Rayleigh number ranged from 2500 to 6500.
Piston Bowl Geometry Effects on Gasoline Compression Ignition in a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine
Authors: Tang Meng , Pei Yuanjiang , Guo Hengjie , Zhang Yu , Torelli Roberto , Probst Daniel , Fütterer Carsten , Traver Michael
Published: March 2021

A design optimization campaign was conducted to search for improved combustion profiles that enhance gasoline compression ignition in a heavy-duty diesel engine with a geometric compression ratio of 17.3. A large-scale design of experiments approach was used for the optimization, employing three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulations. The main parameters explored include geometric features, injector specifications, and swirl motion. Both stepped-lip and re-entrant bowls were included in order to assess their respective performance implications. A total of 256 design candidates were prepared using the software package CAESES for automated and simultaneous geometry generation and combustion recipe perturbation. The design optimization was conducted for three engine loads representing light to medium load conditions. The design candidates were evaluated for fuel efficiency, emissions, fuel–air mixing, and global combustion behavior. Simulation results showed that the optimum designs were all stepped-lip bowls, due to improvements in fuel–air mixing, as well as reduced heat loss and emissions formation. Improvements in indicated specific fuel consumption of up to 3.2% were achieved while meeting engine-out NOx emission targets of 1–1.5 g/kW · h. Re-entrant bowls performed worse compared to the baseline design, and significant performance variations occurred across the load points. Specifically, the re-entrant bowls were on par with the stepped-lip bowls under light load conditions, but significant deteriorations occurred under higher load conditions. As a final task, selected optimized designs were then evaluated under full-load conditions.
Numerical Investigation of Wave Energy Absorbed by the Edinburgh Nodding Duck Device in Front of a Vertical Wall
Authors: Li Shu , Teng Bin
Published: March 2021

An open-source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package, openfoam, is extended and applied to study the power takeoff (PTO) efficiency absorbed by an Edinburgh nodding duck wave energy converter (WEC) device installed in front of a vertical wall. The duck WEC device is axis-fixed by a rigid cantilever beam extended from the vertical wall. After numerical validations and convergent verifications, the characteristics of the duck WEC device for power takeoff with various distances between the rotation center of the duck WEC device and the vertical wall are examined. The present numerical investigation illustrates that the absorbing efficiency by the duck WEC device is insensitive to the distance when subjected to incident waves of higher frequencies, while sensitive when subjected to incident waves of lower frequencies. Furthermore, for incident waves of lower frequencies, when the distance is approximately 0.58 times of the wavelength, a lower absorbing efficiency is achieved. While a higher absorbing efficiency is achieved, when the distance is approximately 0.32 times of the wavelength. Besides, the wave-induced force and torque impacting on the vertical wall are checked. It is found that both the force and torque significantly decrease when the distance is approximately 0.32 times of the wavelength, owing to the installation of the duck WEC device in front of the vertical wall.
Speech categorization is better described by induced rather than evoked neural activity
Authors: Mahmud Md Sultan , Yeasin Mohammed , Bidelman Gavin M.
Published: March 2021

Categorical perception (CP) describes how the human brain categorizes speech despite inherent acoustic variability. We examined neural correlates of CP in both evoked and induced electroencephalogram (EEG) activity to evaluate which mode best describes the process of speech categorization. Listeners labeled sounds from a vowel gradient while we recorded their EEGs. Using a source reconstructed EEG, we used band-specific evoked and induced neural activity to build parameter optimized support vector machine models to assess how well listeners' speech categorization could be decoded via whole-brain and hemisphere-specific responses. We found whole-brain evoked β-band activity decoded prototypical from ambiguous speech sounds with ∼70% accuracy. However, induced γ-band oscillations showed better decoding of speech categories with ∼95% accuracy compared to evoked β-band activity (∼70% accuracy). Induced high frequency (γ-band) oscillations dominated CP decoding in the left hemisphere, whereas lower frequencies (θ-band) dominated the decoding in the right hemisphere. Moreover, feature selection identified 14 brain regions carrying induced activity and 22 regions of evoked activity that were most salient in describing category-level speech representations. Among the areas and neural regimes explored, induced γ-band modulations were most strongly associated with listeners' behavioral CP. The data suggest that the category-level organization of speech is dominated by relatively high frequency induced brain rhythms.
Deep-learning source localization using autocorrelation functions from a single hydrophone in deep ocean
Authors: Liu Yining , Niu Haiqiang , Li Zhenglin , Wang Mengyuan
Published: March 2021

In the direct arrival zone of the deep ocean, the multi-path time delays have been used for acoustic source localization. One of the challenges in conventional localization methods is to artificially determine which paths the extracted delays belong to. A convolutional neural network, taking the autocorrelation functions as the input feature directly, is proposed for source localization to avoid the path determination procedure. Since some multi-path arrivals may not be visible due to absorption in the bottom of the ocean, a data augmentation method based on a ray propagation model is proposed. Tests on simulated and real data validate the method.
Global numerical simulation of fluid-structure-acoustic interaction in a single-reed instrument
Authors: Yoshinaga Tsukasa , Yokoyama Hiroshi , Shoji Tetsuro , Miki Akira , Iida Akiyoshi
Published: March 2021

A numerical simulation of a single-reed instrument with a pressure chamber is conducted to examine the interaction among the flow, reed oscillation, and acoustic propagation. The flow and acoustic fields are predicted using the three-dimensional compressible Navier–Stokes equations, whereas the one-dimensional dynamic beam equation is solved for reed oscillation. The deforming geometry in the aeroacoustic field is expressed by the volume penalization method as an immersed boundary technique. The results showed that the waveforms of the tip opening and far-field acoustic spectra agreed well with those measured experimentally. The three-dimensional flow configuration near the tip opening was visualized, and the measurement of the instantaneous volume flow rate at the tip opening revealed that 30%–40% of the total flow rate passed through the side opening. The spectral tendencies of the time derivatives of the flow rate for different tip openings were consistent with that of the far-field sound, indicating that the slope of the flow rate waveform significantly affects the generated sound's harmonics.
Identification of human immune cell subtypes most responsive to IL-1β–induced inflammatory signaling using mass cytometry
Authors: Kothari Hema , Williams Corey M. , McSkimming Chantel , Drago Fabrizio , Marshall Melissa A. , Garmey James , Vigneshwar Mythili , Zunder Eli R. , McNamara Coleen A.
Published: March 2021

The subtypes and markers of human immune cells with the greatest inflammatory response to IL-1β are identified.
Autophagy chokes on SARS-CoV-2
Authors: VanHook Annalisa M.
Published: March 2021

SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a prevents autophagosome-lysosome fusion.
Analysis of the Contribution of
cyp51
Genes to Azole Resistance in
Aspergillus
Section
Nigri
with the CRISPR-Cas9 Technique
Authors: Pérez-Cantero Alba , Martin-Vicente Adela , Guarro Josep , Fortwendel Jarrod R. , Capilla Javier
Published: March 2021

Cyp51 contribution to azole resistance has been broadly studied and characterized in
Aspergillus fumigatus
, whereas it remains poorly investigated in other clinically relevant species of the genus, such as those of section
Nigri
. In this work, we aimed to analyze the impact of
cyp51
genes (
cyp51A
and
cyp51B
) on the voriconazole (VRC) response and resistance of
Aspergillus niger
and
Aspergillus tubingensis
.
In Vitro
Susceptibility of
Plasmodium falciparum
Isolates from the China-Myanmar Border Area to Piperaquine and Association with Candidate Markers
Authors: Si Yu , Zeng Weilin , Li Na , Wang Chengqi , Siddiqui Faiza , Zhang Jie , Pi Liang , He Xi , Zhao Luyi , Wang Siqi , Zhao Hui , Li Xinxin , Yang Qi , Miao Jun , Yang Zhaoqing , Cui Liwang
Published: March 2021

Plasmodium falciparum
from the Greater Mekong subregion has evolved resistance to the artemisinin-based combination therapy dihydroartemisinin and the partner drug piperaquine. To monitor the potential westward spread or independent evolution of piperaquine resistance, we evaluated the
in vitro
susceptibility of 120
P. falciparum
isolates collected at the China-Myanmar border during 2007 to 2016.
Phase 1 Study of the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Biapenem in Healthy Adult Subjects
Authors: Griffith David C. , Morgan Elizabeth E. , Dudley Michael N. , Loutit Jeffery S.
Published: March 2021

The pharmacokinetics and safety of biapenem were studied in 36 healthy adult subjects in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double blind, sequential single- and multiple-ascending-dose study using doses from 250 to 1,250 mg administered three times a day using 3-h infusions. Maximum concentrations for biapenem were achieved at the end of the 3-h infusion.
Comparative Study of the Susceptibility to Oxidative Stress between Two Types of Mycobacterium bovis BCG Tokyo 172
Authors: Taniguchi Keiichi , Hayashi Daisuke , Yasuda Naomi , Nakayama Mao , Yazawa Kaori , Ogawa Shouta , Miyatake Yuji , Suda Saki , Tomita Haruka , Tokuda Miki , Itoh Saotomo , Maeyama Jun-ichi , Ohara Naoya , Yamamoto Saburo , Hida Shigeaki , Onozaki Kikuo , Takii Takemasa
Published: March 2021

This study revealed the difference of
in vivo
and
in vitro
antioxidative stress properties of BCG Tokyo 172 types I and II as one of the bacteriological characteristics. In particular, the bacilli exhibited differences in catalase/peroxidase activity, which could explain their different protective effects against infection.
Miliary tuberculosis in a paediatric patient with psoriasis
Authors: Kilgore Jacob , Pelletier Jonathon , Becken Bradford , Kenny Stephen , Das Samrat , Parnell Lisa
Published: March 2021

We present a 16-year-old girl with a history of well-controlled psoriasis, on immunosuppression, who sought evaluation in the emergency department for 4 months of fever, cough and unintentional weight loss. The patient had seen multiple providers who had diagnosed her with community-acquired pneumonia, but she was unimproved after oral antibiotic therapy. On presentation, she was noted to be febrile, tachycardic and chronically ill-appearing. Her chest X-ray showed diffuse opacities and a right upper lobe cavitary lesion concerning for tuberculosis. A subsequent chest CT revealed miliary pulmonary nodules in addition to the cavitary lesion. The patient underwent subsequent brain MRI, which revealed multifocal ring-enhancing nodules consistent with parenchymal involvement. The patient was diagnosed with miliary tuberculosis and improved on quadruple therapy. Though rates of tuberculosis are increasing, rates remain low in children, though special consideration should be given to children who are immunosuppressed.
Diuretic-induced hypokalaemia: an updated review
Authors: Lin Ziying , Wong Louisa Y F , Cheung Bernard M Y
Published: March 2021

Diuretic-induced hypokalaemia is a common and potentially life-threatening adverse drug reaction in clinical practice. Previous studies revealed a prevalence of 7%–56% of hypokalaemia in patients taking thiazide diuretics. The clinical manifestations of hypokalaemia due to diuretics are non-specific, varying from asymptomatic to fatal arrhythmia. Diagnosis of hypokalaemia is based on the level of serum potassium. ECG is useful in identifying the more severe consequences. A high dosage of diuretics and concomitant use of other drugs that increase the risk of potassium depletion or cardiac arrhythmias can increase the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. Thiazide-induced potassium depletion may cause dysglycaemia. The risk of thiazide-induced hypokalaemia is higher in women and in black people. Reducing diuretic dose and potassium supplementation are the most direct and effective therapies for hypokalaemia. Combining with a potassium-sparing diuretic or blocker of the renin–angiotensin system also reduces the risk of hypokalaemia. Lowering salt intake and increasing intake of vegetables and fruits help to reduce blood pressure as well as prevent hypokalaemia.
Fungal symbionts of endangeredCrocanthemum canadense(Cistaceae) in Nova Scotia
Authors: Byers Philicity R.M. , Evans Rodger C. , Migicovsky Zoë , Walker Allison K.
Published: March 2021

Crocanthemum canadense (L.) Britton (Cistaceae) is critically imperiled in Nova Scotia. The decline of Nova Scotian Crocanthemum canadense is largely due to the loss of the Annapolis Valley sand barrens habitat. Fungal symbionts may aid in nutrient and water acquisition as well as plant defenses. The role of fungal associations with Crocanthemum canadense is unknown; our goal was to identify fungal symbionts to inform ongoing conservation research. We isolated fungi from eighteen Crocanthemum canadense plants collected from Greenwood, Nova Scotia. Using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA barcoding of fungal cultures, we identified 58 fungal taxa. ITS2 meta-amplicon barcoding of roots and rhizosphere soil revealed 241 fungi with basidiomycetes accounting for 53.8% of reads. Chaetothyriales sp., Mycetinis scorodonius, Acidomelania panicicola, and Scleroderma citrinum were the most abundant root associates based on meta-amplicon data. We quantified percent root colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) using root staining and microscopy. The average AMF colonization rate of the roots was 29.6% (n = 18). Our research provides a foundation for understanding the fungal community in this declining habitat and the first account of fungal symbionts in the above- and below-ground tissues and rhizosphere of Crocanthemum canadense. Identifying fungi influencing endangered Nova Scotian Crocanthemum canadense is valuable for developing conservation strategies.
Heat flux in general quasifree fermionic right mover/left mover systems
Authors: Aschbacher Walter H.
Published: March 2021

With the help of time-dependent scattering theory on the observable algebra of infinitely extended quasifree fermionic chains, we introduce a general class of so-called right mover/left mover states which are inspired by the nonequilibrium steady states for the prototypical nonequilibrium configuration of a finite sample coupled to two thermal reservoirs at different temperatures. Under the assumption of spatial translation invariance, we relate the 2-point operator of such a right mover/left mover state to the asymptotic velocity of the system and prove that the system is thermodynamically nontrivial in the sense that its entropy production rate is strictly positive. Our study of these not necessarily gauge-invariant systems covers and substantially generalizes well-known quasifree fermionic chains and opens the way for a more systematic analysis of the heat flux in such systems.
Influence of U-tube type casing treatment on pressure fluctuations of a centrifugal pump at low flow conditions
Authors: Li Yuan , Chen Hua , Li Xiangjun , Jiang Minghe , Wang Guinian
Published: March 2021

The existence of pressure pulsations greatly increases the vibration and noise of pumps and harms their service life. In this paper, a casing treatment was employed to explore its impact on the pressure pulsations. A U-tube type groove was created at the inlet end-wall of a centrifugal pump and front cover of the impeller to connect the impeller with the inlet pipe by passing impeller leading edge. An unsteady numerical investigation was launched of the pump with and without this casing treatment, to study its influence on the pressure pulsations inside the pump and the mechanisms behind. The numerical results of the pump without casing treatment was first compared with the test performance of the pump to validate the numerical method, and gave excellent agreements with the test results. The CFD results also showed that the casing treatment increases the head coefficient and efficiency of the pump. Pressure pulsations at a reduced mass flow condition were studied by monitoring unsteady pressure signals generated by the CFD at various locations inside the pump. A Fast Fourier transform (FFT) was performed on the signals. The pump employs a double tongues volute with each tongue covering 180[Formula: see text] circumference. However, the two tongues are not identical with regard to the discharge of the pump. These geometric features of the volute and the pump’s operating condition generate several pressure pulsations in the frequencies of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] in the original pump. Due to the circumferential unifying capability of the casing treatment and its improvement to the impeller flow, these pulsations at impeller inlet are weakened or disappear when the U-tube is present. The pressure pulsation inside the impeller is less affected by the treatment. The [Formula: see text] pulsation at volute tongues also decreases or disappears for the same reasons, but [Formula: see text] pulsation increases slightly and this is due to the improved pressure recovery in the volute by the treatment which increases the pressure difference across one of the volute tongues. The unsteady radial force of the impeller exerting on journal bearings becomes more uniform and smaller when the casing treatment is employed.
Curve and Surface Fitting Techniques in Computer Vision
Authors: Brown Kyle , Bourbakis Nikolaos
Published: March 2021

Curve and surface-fitting are classic problems of approximation that find use in many fields, including computer vision. There are two broad approaches to the problem — interpolation, which seeks to fit points exactly, and regression, which seeks a rougher approximation which is more robust to noise. This survey looks at several techniques of both kinds, with a particular focus on applications in computer vision. We make use of an empirical first-level evaluation approach which scores the techniques on multiple features based on how important they are to users of the technique and developers. This provides a quick summary of the broad applicability of the technique to most situations, rather than a deep evaluation of the performance and accuracy of the technique obtained by running it on several datasets.
An Efficient Local Block Sobolev Gradient and Laplacian Approach for Elimination of Atmospheric Turbulence
Authors: Patel Krina , Israni Dippal , Garg Dweepna
Published: March 2021

A long range observing systems can be sturdily affected by scintillations. These scintillations are caused by changes in atmospheric conditions. In recent years, various turbulence mitigation approaches for turbulence mitigation have been exhibiting a promising nature. In this paper, we propose an effectual method to alleviate the effects of atmospheric distortion on observed images and video sequences. These sequences are mainly affected through floating air turbulence which can severely degrade the image quality. The existing algorithms primarily focus on the removal of turbulence and provides a solution only for static scenes, where there is no moving entity (real motion). As in the traditional SGL algorithm, the updated frame is iteratively used to correct the turbulence. This approach reduces the turbulence effect. However, it imposes some artifacts on the real motion that blurs the object. The proposed method is an alteration of the existing Sobolev Gradient and Laplacian (SGL) algorithm to eliminate turbulence. It eliminates the ghost artifact formed on moving object in the existing approach. The proposed method alleviates turbulence without harming the moving objects in the scene. The method is demonstrated on significantly distorted sequences provided by OTIS and compared with the SGL technique. The information conveyed in the scene becomes clearly visible through the method on exclusion of turbulence. The proposed approach is evaluated using standard performance measures such as MSE, PSNR and SSIM. The evaluation results depict that the proposed method outperforms the existing state-of-the-art approaches for all three standard performance measures.
Image Captioning for Video Surveillance System using Neural Networks
Authors: Nivedita M. , Chandrashekar Priyanka , Mahapatra Shibani , Phamila Y. Asnath Victy , Selvaperumal Sathish Kumar
Published: March 2021

Security has always been of paramount importance to humans. In the absence of a sense of security at one’s workplace, home or anywhere else, people feel uneasy and vulnerable. With the improvement of modern technology, along with the lack of time at hand, the need for faster, efficient, accurate as well as low-cost security techniques is more than ever. Image Captioning for Video Surveillance System is proposed to develop visual systems that generate contextual descriptions about objects in images, and then use these descriptions to provide information of the scene that needs to be secured. The proposed system uses a neural network model composed of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to caption the incoming video feed. The main significance of this paper is in integrating the system with Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), which is applied on the incoming video feed, so that the compressed LL band frames transferred wirelessly to the model are smaller in comparison, leading to less transfer time and faster processing by the model.
Joint Bilateral Filter for Signal Recovery from Phase Preserved Curvelet Coefficients for Image Denoising
Authors: Panigrahi Susant Kumar , Gupta Supratim
Published: March 2021

Thresholding of Curvelet Coefficients, for image denoising, drains out subtle signal component in noise subspace. In effect, it also produces ringing artifacts near edges. We found that the noise sensitivity of Curvelet phases — in contrast to their magnitude — reduces with higher noise level. Thus, we preserved the phase of the coefficients below threshold at coarser scale and estimated the corresponding magnitude by Joint Bilateral Filtering (JBF) technique. In contrast to the traditional hard thresholding, the coefficients in the finest scale is estimated using Bilateral Filtering (BF). The proposed filtering approach in the finest scale exhibits better connectedness among the edges, while removing the granular artifacts in the denoised image due to hard thresholding. Finally, the use of Guided Image Filter (GIF) on the Curvelet-based reconstructed image (initial denoised image in spatial domain) ensures the preservation of small image information with sharper edges and textures detail in the final denoised image. The lower noise sensitivity of Curvelet phase at higher noise strength accelerates the performance of proposed method over several state-of-the-art techniques and provides comparable outcome at lower noise levels.
EMBRACING ORGANISATIONAL UNLEARNING AS A FACILITATOR OF BUSINESS MODEL INNOVATION
Authors: KLAMMER ADRIAN
Published: March 2021

Organisational unlearning has received increased attention in management and organisation literature. In this paper, I explore the role of organisational unlearning as a facilitator of business model innovation. I argue that managers should engage in a prior step of unlearning to innovate outdated business models. In doing so, managers need to legitimise the unlearning process by scrutinising and discarding their own cognitive views about the business model. Further, managers should provide boundary conditions for other organisational actors to eliminate actions, practices, and routines associated with the outdated business models. Engaging in an additional process of organisational unlearning helps managers to identify and remove outdated business models and facilitate business model innovation.
A multiple-pattern complex event matching model based on merge sharing for massive event streams
Authors: Wang Jianhua , Liu Junhe , Lin Feng , Zhao Jing , Long Yongbing , Lan Yubin
Published: March 2021

Quickly matching the related primitive events for multiple complex events from the massive event streams usually faces with a great challenge due to the single-pattern characteristics of the existing complex event matching models. Aiming to solve the problem, a multiple-pattern complex event matching model based on merge sharing is proposed in this paper. The achievement of the paper lies in the fact that a multiple-pattern complex event matching model based on merge sharing is presented to successfully realize the quick matching of related primitive events for multiple complex events from the massive event streams. Specifically, in our scheme, we successfully use merge sharing technology to merge all the same prefixes, suffixes or subpatterns existing in single-pattern matching models into shared ones and to construct a multiple-pattern complex event matching model. As a result, our proposed matching model in this paper can effectively solve the above problem. The experimental results show that our proposed matching model in this paper outperforms the existing single-pattern matching models in model construction and related events matching for massive event streams.
Forward start options under Heston affine jump-diffusions and stochastic interest rate
Authors: Ahlip Rehez , Park Laurence A. F. , Prodan Ante , Weissenhofer Stephen
Published: March 2021

This paper presents a generalization of forward start options under jump diffusion framework of Duffie et al. [Duffie, D, J Pan and K Singleton (2000). Transform analysis and asset pricing for affine jump-diffusions, Econometrica 68, 1343–1376.]. We assume, in addition, the short-term rate is governed by the CIR dynamics introduced in Cox et al. [Cox, JC, JE Ingersoll and SA Ross (1985). A theory of term structure of interest rates, Econometrica 53, 385–408.]. The instantaneous volatilities are correlated with the dynamics of the stock price process, whereas the short-term rate is assumed to be independent of the dynamics of the price process and its volatility. The main result furnishes a semi-analytical formula for the price of the Forward Start European call option. It is derived using probabilistic approach combined with the Fourier inversion technique, as developed in Ahlip and Rutkowski [Ahlip, R and M Rutkowski (2014). Forward start foreign exchange options under Heston’s volatility and CIR interest rates, Inspired By Finance Springer, pp. 1–27], Carr and Madan [Carr, P and D Madan (1999). Option valuation using the fast Fourier transform, Journal of Computational Finance 2, 61–73, Carr, P and D Madan (2009). Saddle point methods for option pricing, Journal of Computational Finance 13, 49–61] as well as Levendorskiĩ [Levendorskiĩ, S (2012). Efficient pricing and reliable calibration in the Heston model, International Journal of Applied Finance 15, 1250050].
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on equity-oriented mutual funds: A preliminary analysis of Indian mutual funds industry
Authors: Shanmugam Velmurugan Palaniappan , Ali K. A. Ashique
Published: March 2021

COVID-19 and the worldwide lockdown left life in worse condition in which people struggle to meet their livelihood. People are concerned about their lives, jobs, savings, and investments. This paper had analyzed the changes in the mutual fund industry in India due to the virus outbreak from December 2019 to May 2020. A sample of 25 equity-oriented direct growth funds has been considered for this study to analyze their performance along with the sector-wise differences. The results show that the value of majority of the funds had plunged, while some funds had rebounded during the period.
The Schrödinger Equation, Path Integration and Applications
Authors: Bonotto Everaldo M. , Federson Felipe , Federson Márcia
Published: March 2021

The Schrödinger equation is fundamental in quantum mechanics as it makes it possible to determine the wave function from energies and to use this function in the mean calculation of variables, for example, as the most likely position of a group of one or more massive particles. In this paper, we present a survey on some theories involving the Schrödinger equation and the Feynman path integral. We also consider a Feynman–Kac-type formula, as introduced by Patrick Muldowney, with the Henstock integral in the description of the expectation of random walks of a particle. It is well known that the non-absolute integral defined by R. Henstock “fixes” the defects of the Feynman integral. Possible applications where the potential in the Schrödinger equation can be highly oscillating, discontinuous or delayed are mentioned in the end of the paper.