bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Addressing Organisational Pressures as Drivers towards Sustainability in Manufacturing Projects and Project Management Methodologies
Authors: Misopoulos Fotios , Michaelides Roula , Salehuddin Mohammad Afiq , Manthou Vicky , Michaelides Zenon
Published: June 2018

The concept of sustainability continues to rapidly grow in interest from disparate academic and industrial fields. This research aims to elucidate further the implications of the sustainability drivers upon project management methodological approaches specifically in the manufacturing industry. This paper studies the three prevalent dialogues in the field of sustainability, relevant to the environmental and social aspects of the Triple Bottom Line, and utilises Institutional Theory to propose organisational pressures as affecting sustainability efforts in industrial manufacturing project management. Furthermore, the literature bodies of Lean and Life Cycle Analysis in manufacturing project management guided our reflection that the various drivers of sustainability put forward that do not consider the distinctive organisational pressures fail to address institutional and systemic project management issues holistically. The authors further conduct and draw on a systematic literature review on the constructs of sustainability in the manufacturing industry and their adopted methodologies, evaluating academic articles published from the year 2001 to 2017. The findings indicate that normative pressures prevail over coercive and mimetic pressures and are seen as the main drivers of sustainability in the manufacturing industry. In an incremental reductionist approach, project management knowledge areas are analysed, and the study posits that Stakeholder and Communications Management are two of the knowledge areas that need to integrate the above pressures to achieve cohesive sustainable industrial results. The principle contribution is to offer a new conceptual perspective on integrating project management knowledge areas with Institutional Theory pressures for more sustainable project management methodologies.
Impact of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Practices on Cotton Production and Livelihood of Farmers in Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Imran Muhammad Ali , Ali Asghar , Ashfaq Muhammad , Hassan Sarfraz , Culas Richard , Ma Chunbo
Published: June 2018

Cotton is the second largest crop of Pakistan in terms of area after wheat and is being suffered by multiple shocks over the time due to conventional agricultural management practices, climate change, and market failures. Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) was introduced by the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) in 2010, as an innovative cleaner production alternative to conventional farming that aimed at increasing the efficiency of natural resources, resilience, and productivity of agricultural production system, while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The adverse effects of climate change on cotton production at the farm and regional level can be minimized by using CSA practices and technologies. The present study investigated the financial performance and explored the impact of CSA through sustainable water use management on cotton production in Lower Bari Doab Canal (LBDC) irrigation system of Punjab, Pakistan by using Cobb-Douglas production function. The adopters of CSA in cotton cultivation were identified by conducting six focus group discussions. Data were collected through well-structured questionnaire from 133 adopters of CSA and 65 conventional cotton growers for the cropping season 2016–2017. It was found that water-smart (raising crops on bed, laser land levelling, conjunctive use of water and drainage management), energy-smart (minimum tillage), carbon-smart (less use of chemicals) and knowledge-smart (crop rotation and improved varieties i.e., tolerant to drought, flood and heat/cold stresses) practices and technologies of CSA were adopted by the cotton farmers in the study area. Most of the farmers were of the view that they are adopting CSA practices and technologies due to the limited supply of canal water, climate change, drought-prone, massive groundwater extraction, rapidly declining groundwater table and increasing soil salinity over the time. Results revealed that uniform germination, higher yield and financial returns, the concentration of inputs and increase in resource use efficiency are the main advantages of CSA. The econometric analysis showed that implementation of CSA practices and technologies as judicious use of water and fertilizer, groundwater quality, access to extension services, and appropriate method and time of picking have a significant impact on the gross value of cotton product (GVP). The findings of the study would be helpful for policy makers to formulate policies that can minimize farmer’s financial burden to adopt CSA technologies and implement for scaling out in Punjab and beyond.
The Effect of Patient Participation through Physician’s Resources on Experience and Wellbeing
Authors: Kim Jiyoung
Published: June 2018

Few studies have reported on how customer value is co-created in healthcare service delivery, and its effect on patients’ perceptions of wellbeing. It is important to examine physician-patient interaction in the context of a healthcare sector characterized by complex, specialized services and to determine how value is thereby co-created. This study’s purpose is to investigate the potential impact of patient participation through physicians’ resource offering on patient experiential value and wellbeing. Data was collected through a questionnaire survey of actual patients in South Korea, whose responses were analyzed via structural equation using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. IBM Corp.: Armonk, NY, USA. The results indicate that physicians provide significant affective and cognitive resources to patients; in turn, patients are actively involved in the medical encounter process. These co-creation activities lead to increases in patients’ experiential value and perceived wellbeing. Patients’ play a major role in problem-solving, and service providers contribute resources such as professional expertise and affective care. Healthcare service providers can refer to the service process model proposed herein and aim to maximize patients’ roles and use of their resources for patients’ wellbeing.
Exploring the Decisive Risks of Green Development Projects by Adopting Social Network Analysis under Stakeholder Theory
Authors: Ma Li , Wang Lin , Wu Kuo-Jui , Tseng Ming-Lang , Chiu Anthony S. F.
Published: June 2018

The Belt and Road initiatives related to green development projects are being increasingly considered globally. However, such projects face several risks resulting from stakeholder diversity. Although previous studies attempted to identify the risks caused by stakeholders, they found it difficult to provide a precise boundary to separate the risks attributable to a single stakeholder. This study adopts social network analysis to explore the decisive risks attributed to each stakeholder by considering a project’s stage. The results reveal that contractors take on the most risk and, thus, require real-time monitoring. Furthermore, all stakeholders need to collaborate with one another during the implementation stage of a project to mitigate the occurrence of risk. This study makes three contributions: it (1) provides a theoretical basis for enhancing the understanding of stakeholder theory; (2) offers specific guidelines for monitoring risks; and (3) enables stakeholders to understand their duties in controlling risks. Detailed discussions are provided in the remainder of the manuscript.
The motric, Educational, Recreational and Satisfaction Impact of Adventure Education Activities in the Urban Tourism Environment
Authors: Badau Dana , Badau Adela
Published: June 2018

(1) Background: The study aims to highlight the impact of educational, recreational, motric and satisfaction of adventure education activities in the urban tourism environment; (2) Methods: The study included 48 students with specialization in physical education. The adventure education program included two specific activities and the evaluation focused on: the students’ choice in choosing and crossing the routes from the Adventure Park in Brasov according to their difficulty; the distance covered within the Photo Trip Brasov Adventure. At the end of program a questionnaire contained 20 items divided into two parts of 10 items for each of the two activities: Adventure Park Brasov Challenge and Photo Trip Brasov Adventure, was used to assess the educational, recreational and satisfaction impact of the urban adventure tourism activities. The results were processed using SPPS 20; (3) Results: At the Adventure Park Brasov Challenge the girls have accumulated 118 points (29.7%), and the boys 280 points (70.3%). For Photo Trip Brasov Adventure, the average distance covered by the 12 teams was 5.516 ± 0.240. The results are statistically significant for p < 0.05. The Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient for the whole questionnaire was α = 0.933; for the Adventure Park Brasov Challenge was α = 0.811; for Photo Trip Brasov Adventure was α = 0.924, suggesting that the items had a very high internal consistency; (4) Conclusions: Participation in the Education program through adventure in urban tourism environment highlighted the expansion and improvement of the physical, technical, educational, recreational potential and participation of the students. The analysis of the results of the questionnaire revealed that the students mostly appreciate the satisfaction and recreational parameters and in the lower the educational and motoric parameters.
Identification and Characterization of Type IV Pili as the Cellular Receptor of Broad Host Range Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Bacteriophages DLP1 and DLP2
Authors: McCutcheon Jaclyn G. , Peters Danielle L. , Dennis Jonathan J.
Published: June 2018

Bacteriophages DLP1 and DLP2 are capable of infecting both Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, two highly antibiotic resistant bacterial pathogens, which is unusual for phages that typically exhibit extremely limited host range. To explain their unusual cross-order infectivity and differences in host range, we have identified the type IV pilus as the primary receptor for attachment. Screening of a P. aeruginosa PA01 mutant library, a host that is susceptible to DLP1 but not DLP2, identified DLP1-resistant mutants with disruptions in pilus structural and regulatory components. Subsequent complementation of the disrupted pilin subunit genes in PA01 restored DLP1 infection. Clean deletion of the major pilin subunit, pilA, in S. maltophilia strains D1585 and 280 prevented phage binding and lysis by both DLP1 and DLP2, and complementation restored infection by both. Transmission electron microscopy shows a clear interaction between DLP1 and pili of both D1585 and PA01. These results support the identity of the type IV pilus as the receptor for DLP1 and DLP2 infection across their broad host ranges. This research further characterizes DLP1 and DLP2 as potential “anti-virulence” phage therapy candidates for the treatment of multidrug resistant bacteria from multiple genera.
Phosphorus Fluxes from Three Coastal Watersheds under Varied Agriculture Intensities to the Northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: He Songjie , Xu Y. Jun
Published: June 2018

This study aims to evaluate recent total phosphorus (TP) and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) transport from three coastal rivers—the Calcasieu, Mermentau, and Vermilion Rivers—that drain watersheds with varied agriculture intensities (21%, 67%, and 61%, respectively) into the northern Gulf of Mexico, one of the world’s largest summer hypoxic zones. The study also examined the spatial trends of TP and DIP from freshwater to saltwater along an 88-km estuarine reach with salinity increasing from 0.02 to 29.50. The results showed that from 1990–2009 to 2010–2017, the TP fluxes for one of the agriculture-intensive rivers increased while no significant change was found for the other two rivers. Change in river discharge was the main reason for this TP flux trend. The two more agriculture-intensive river basins showed consistently higher TP and DIP concentrations and fluxes, as well as higher DIP:TP ratios than the river draining less agriculture-intensive land, confirming the strong effect of land uses on phosphorus input and speciation. Longitudinal profiles of DIP along the salinity gradient of the estuarine reach displayed characteristic input behavior. Desorption of DIP from suspended solids and river bed sediments, urban inputs, as well as stronger calcium carbonate and phosphorus co-precipitation at the marine endmember could be the reasons for such mixing dynamics.
Reuse and Recycling of Livestock and Municipal Wastewater in Chilean Agriculture: A Preliminary Assessment
Authors: Villamar Cristina-Alejandra , Vera-Puerto Ismael , Rivera Diego , De la Hoz Felipe
Published: June 2018

Chile is an agricultural power, but also one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change and water shortage. About 50% of the irrigated agriculture land in Chile is in the central zone, thanks to its agricultural-climatic characteristics that provide an adequate water supply (100–4000 m3/s). However, the vulnerability scenario in this zone is high due to the seasonal availability of water resources. Therefore, opportunities to use non-conventional alternative sources (e.g., wastewater) become an appealing and feasible option due to the high population and animal density (>76%) in this part of the country. Moreover, the physicochemical characteristics of the municipal and livestock wastewater suggest that there are potential opportunities to recycle nutrients for agricultural production. In Chile, wastewater reuse opportunities are noted by the wide coverage of wastewater treatment programs, with municipal and intensified livestock production taking up most of the percentage (>99%). Nevertheless, more than 70% of wastewater treatment systems reach biological secondary treatment, which suggests reuse possibilities only for non-food crops. Therefore, this paper is focused on a preliminary analysis of the potential of reusing and recycling municipal and livestock wastewater for Chilean agriculture. There is some reuse work occurring in Chile, specifically in the use of municipal and livestock wastewater for cereal crops (animal feed), forests, and grasslands. However, aspects related to the long-term effects of these practices have not yet been evaluated. Therefore, municipal and livestock wastewater in Chile could be re-valued in agriculture, but the current quality and condition of treated wastewater do not ensure its safe use in food crops. In addition, state policies are needed to provide sustainability (circular and ethic economy) to water reusing/recycling in agriculture.
A QUALITATIVE INVESTIGATION ON THE SUCCESSFUL TURNAROUND STRATEGY FROM TOP LEADER PERSPECTIVES: EXAMPLES FROM INDONESIA
Authors: Yulihasri Dr. , Johan Arief Prima , Handika Rebi Fara , Herri Dr.
Published: June 2018

Turnaround process involved many approaches of strategic and tactical attempts. However, such knowledge are difficult to identified since many previous studies only focused on what constitute successful turnaround, and limited to the use of financial data. As turnaround is a transformational process comprehend every element of organization, ploy on implementing and orchestrating such strategic action should be determined by company’s top leaders. The purpose of this study was to explore the way in which leaders manage the company’s turnaround process and their leadership style through a qualitative study in Indonesian business. Drawing from several top managers in various industry in Indonesia, the result showed that there are many attempt should consider on implementing turnaround process. Financial restructuration, employee’s transformation initiative, and business reengineering process are imperative approaches. Furthermore, leaders need to consider top-down approach on decision making, attention to detail, and open communication to gain employees commitment.
A Comparison of Young Star Properties with Local Galactic Environment for LEGUS/LITTLE THINGS Dwarf Irregular Galaxies
Authors: Hunter Deidre A. , Adamo Angela , Elmegreen Bruce G. , Gallardo Samavarti , Lee Janice C. , Cook David O. , Thilker David , Kayitesi Bridget , Kim Hwihyun , Kahre Lauren , Ubeda Leonardo , Bright Stacey N. , Ryon Jenna E. , Calzetti Daniela , Tosi Monica , Grasha Kathryn , Messa Matteo , Fumagalli Michele , Dale Daniel A. , Sabbi Elena , Cignoni Michele , Smith Linda J. , Gouliermis Dimitrios M. , Grebel Eva K. , Aloisi Alessandra , Whitmore Bradley C. , Chandar Rupali , Johnson Kelsey E.
Published: June 2018

We have explored the role environmental factors play in determining characteristics of young stellar objects in nearby dwarf irregular and blue compact dwarf galaxies. Star clusters are characterized by concentrations, masses, and formation rates; OB associations by mass and mass surface density; O stars by their numbers and near-ultraviolet absolute magnitudes; and H ii regions by Hα surface brightnesses. These characteristics are compared to surrounding galactic pressure, stellar mass density, H i surface density, and star formation rate (SFR) surface density. We find no trend of cluster characteristics with environmental properties, implying that larger-scale effects are more important in determining cluster characteristics or that rapid dynamical evolution erases any memory of the initial conditions. On the other hand, the most massive OB associations are found at higher pressure and H i surface density, and there is a trend of higher H ii region Hα surface brightness with higher pressure, suggesting that a higher concentration of massive stars and gas is found preferentially in regions of higher pressure. At low pressures we find massive stars but not bound clusters and OB associations. We do not find evidence for an increase of cluster formation efficiency as a function of SFR density. However, there is an increase in the ratio of the number of clusters to the number of O stars with increasing pressure, perhaps reflecting an increase in clustering properties with SFR.
Constraints on Cosmological Parameters from the Angular Power Spectrum of a Combined 2500 deg2 SPT-SZ and Planck Gravitational Lensing Map
Authors: Simard G. , Omori Y. , Aylor K. , Baxter E. J. , Benson B. A. , Bleem L. E. , Carlstrom J. E. , Chang C. L. , Cho H-M. , Chown R. , Crawford T. M. , Crites A. T. , Haan T. de , Dobbs M. A. , Everett W. B. , George E. M. , Halverson N. W. , Harrington N. L. , Henning J. W. , Holder G. P. , Hou Z. , Holzapfel W. L. , Hrubes J. D. , Knox L. , Lee A. T. , Leitch E. M. , Luong-Van D. , Manzotti A. , McMahon J. J. , Meyer S. S. , Mocanu L. M. , Mohr J. J. , Natoli T. , Padin S. , Pryke C. , Reichardt C. L. , Ruhl J. E. , Sayre J. T. , Schaffer K. K. , Shirokoff E. , Staniszewski Z. , Stark A. A. , Story K. T. , Vanderlinde K. , Vieira J. D. , Williamson R. , Wu W. L. K.
Published: June 2018

We report constraints on cosmological parameters from the angular power spectrum of a cosmic microwave background (CMB) gravitational lensing potential map created using temperature data from 2500 deg2 of South Pole Telescope (SPT) data supplemented with data from Planck in the same sky region, with the statistical power in the combined map primarily from the SPT data. We fit the lensing power spectrum to a model including cold dark matter and a cosmological constant (

), and to models with single-parameter extensions to

. We find constraints that are comparable to and consistent with those found using the full-sky Planck CMB lensing data, e.g.,

 = 0.598 ± 0.024 from the lensing data alone with weak priors placed on other parameters. Combining with primary CMB data, we explore single-parameter extensions to

. We find

or

 < 0.70 eV at 95% confidence, in good agreement with results including the lensing potential as measured by Planck. We include two parameters that scale the effect of lensing on the CMB:

, which scales the lensing power spectrum in both the lens reconstruction power and in the smearing of the acoustic peaks, and

, which scales only the amplitude of the lensing reconstruction power spectrum. We find

 × 

 = 1.01 ± 0.08 for the lensing map made from combined SPT and Planck data, indicating that the amount of lensing is in excellent agreement with expectations from the observed CMB angular power spectrum when not including the information from smearing of the acoustic peaks.
On the Red Giant Branch: Ambiguity in the Surface Boundary Condition Leads to ≈100 K Uncertainty in Model Effective Temperatures
Authors: Choi Jieun , Dotter Aaron , Conroy Charlie , Ting Yuan-Sen
Published: June 2018

The effective temperature (T
eff) distribution of stellar evolution models along the red giant branch (RGB) is sensitive to a number of parameters including the overall metallicity, elemental abundance patterns, the efficiency of convection, and the treatment of the surface boundary condition (BC). Recently there has been interest in using observational estimates of the RGB T
eff to place constraints on the mixing length parameter, α
MLT, and possible variation with metallicity. Here we use 1D Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA) stellar evolution models to explore the sensitivity of the RGB T
eff to the treatment of the surface BC. We find that different surface BCs can lead to ±100 K metallicity-dependent offsets on the RGB relative to one another in spite of the fact that all models can reproduce the properties of the Sun. Moreover, for a given atmosphere T–τ relation, we find that the RGB T
eff is also sensitive to the optical depth at which the surface BC is applied in the stellar model. Nearly all models adopt the photosphere as the location of the surface BC, but this choice is somewhat arbitrary. We compare our models to stellar parameters derived from the APOGEE-Kepler sample of first ascent red giants and find that systematic uncertainties in the models due to treatment of the surface BC place a limit of ≈100 K below which it is not possible to make firm conclusions regarding the fidelity of the current generation of stellar models.
Torques on Low-mass Bodies in Retrograde Orbit in Gaseous Disks
Authors: Sánchez-Salcedo F. J. , Chametla Raúl O. , Santillán A.
Published: June 2018

We evaluate the torque acting on a gravitational perturber on a retrograde circular orbit in the midplane of a gaseous disk. We assume that the mass of this satellite is so low that it weakly disturbs the disk (type I migration). The perturber may represent the companion of a binary system with a small mass ratio. We compare the results of hydrodynamical simulations with analytic predictions. Our 2D simulations indicate that the torque acting on a perturber with softening radius R
soft can be accounted for by a scattering approach if

, where H is defined as the ratio between the sound speed and the angular velocity at the orbital radius of the perturber. For R
soft > 0.3H, the torque may present large and persistent oscillations, but the resultant time-averaged torque decreases rapidly with increasing R
soft/H, in agreement with previous analytical studies. We then focus on the torque acting on small-size perturbers embedded in full 3D disks and argue that the density waves propagating at distances ≲H from the perturber contribute significantly to the torque because they transport angular momentum. We find a good agreement between the torque found in 3D simulations and analytical estimates based on ballistic orbits. We compare the radial migration timescales of prograde versus retrograde perturbers. For a certain range of the perturber’s mass and aspect ratio of the disk, the radial migration timescale in the retrograde case may be appreciably shorter than in the prograde case. We also provide the smoothing length required in 2D simulations in order to account for 3D effects.
Detection of Magnetic Nulls around Reconnection Fronts
Authors: Liu C. M. , Fu H. S. , Cao D. , Xu Y. , Divin A.
Published: June 2018

Magnetic nulls, where magnetic-field strength becomes zero, play a crucial role in energy conversion and particle acceleration during magnetic reconnection. Recent simulations have suggested that reconnection fronts (RFs) inside the reconnection jet can host magnetic nulls. However, observational evidence for the RF-associated magnetic nulls remains absent so far. In this study, we present such evidence by using the first-order Taylor expansion method and Cluster measurements. We confirm for the first time the existence of magnetic nulls around RFs, and find that the dip region ahead of RFs and the nearby magnetic flux ropes around RFs can be host to magnetic nulls. The observed magnetic nulls are all spiral types, and the reconstructed topologies are consistent with theoretical models. Our results verify the existence of magnetic nulls around RFs, and may shed new light on the study of magnetic reconnection and RF dynamics.
Consistent Iron Abundances Derived from Neutral and Singly Ionized Iron Lines in Ultraviolet and Optical Spectra of Six Warm Metal-poor Stars∗
Authors: Roederer Ian U. , Sneden Christopher , Lawler James E. , Sobeck Jennifer S. , Cowan John J. , Boesgaard Ann Merchant
Published: June 2018

Neutral Fe lines in metal-poor stars yield conflicting abundances depending on whether and how deviations from local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) are considered. We have collected new high-resolution and high signal-to-noise ultraviolet (UV) spectra of three warm dwarf stars with [Fe/H] ≈ −2.9 with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope. We locate archival UV spectra for three other warm dwarfs with [Fe/H] ≈ −3.3, −2.2, and −1.6, supplemented with optical spectra for all six stars. We calculate stellar parameters using methods that are largely independent of the spectra, adopting broadband photometry, color–temperature relations, Gaia parallaxes, and assumed masses. We use the LTE line analysis code MOOG to derive Fe abundances from hundreds of Fe i and Fe ii lines with wavelengths from 2290 to 6430 Å. The [Fe/H] ratios derived separately from Fe i and Fe ii lines agree in all six stars, with [Fe ii/H]–[Fe i/H] ranging from +0.00 ± 0.07 to −0.12 ± 0.09 dex, when strong lines and Fe i lines with lower excitation potential <1.2 eV are excluded. This constrains the extent of any deviations from LTE that may occur within this parameter range. While our result confirms non-LTE calculations for some warm, metal-poor dwarfs, it may not be generalizable to more metal-poor dwarfs, where deviations from LTE are predicted to be larger. We also investigate trends of systematically lower abundances derived from Fe i lines in the Balmer continuum region (≈3100–3700 Å), and we conclude that no proposed explanation for this effect can fully account for the observations presently available.
The CRONOS Code for Astrophysical Magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Kissmann R. , Kleimann J. , Krebl B. , Wiengarten T.
Published: June 2018

We describe the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) code Cronos, which has been used in astrophysics and space-physics studies in recent years. Cronos has been designed to be easily adaptable to the problem in hand, where the user can expand or exchange core modules or add new functionality to the code. This modularity comes about through its implementation using a C++ class structure. The core components of the code include solvers for both hydrodynamical (HD) and MHD problems. These problems are solved on different rectangular grids, which currently support Cartesian, spherical, and cylindrical coordinates. Cronos uses a finite-volume description with different approximate Riemann solvers that can be chosen at runtime. Here, we describe the implementation of the code with a view toward its ongoing development. We illustrate the code’s potential through several (M)HD test problems and some astrophysical applications.
Planck Cold Clumps in the λ Orionis Complex. II. Environmental Effects on Core Formation
Authors: Yi Hee-Weon , Lee Jeong-Eun , Liu Tie , Kim Kee-Tae , Choi Minho , Eden David , II Neal J. Evans , Francesco James Di , Fuller Gary , Hirano N. , Juvela Mika , Kang Sung-ju , Kim Gwanjeong , M. Koch Patrick , Lee Chang Won , Li Di , Liu H.-Y. B. , Liu Hong-Li , Liu Sheng-Yuan , Rawlings Mark G. , Ristorcelli I. , Sanhueza Patrico , Soam Archana , Tatematsu Ken’ichi , Thompson Mark , Toth L. V. , Wang Ke , White Glenn J. , Wu Yuefang , Yang Yao-Lun ,   the JCMT Large Program “SCOPE” Collaboration; TRAO Key Science Program “TOP” Collaboration
Published: June 2018

Based on the 850 μm dust continuum data from SCUBA-2 at James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT), we compare overall properties of Planck Galactic Cold Clumps (PGCCs) in the λ Orionis cloud to those of PGCCs in the Orion A and B clouds. The Orion A and B clouds are well-known active star-forming regions, while the λ Orionis cloud has a different environment as a consequence of the interaction with a prominent OB association and a giant H II region. PGCCs in the λ Orionis cloud have higher dust temperatures (T
d = 16.13 ± 0.15 K) and lower values of dust emissivity spectral index (β = 1.65 ± 0.02) than PGCCs in the Orion A (T
d = 13.79 ± 0.21 K, β = 2.07 ± 0.03) and Orion B (T
d = 13.82 ± 0.19 K, β = 1.96 ± 0.02) clouds. We find 119 substructures within the 40 detected PGCCs and identify them as cores. Out of a total of 119 cores, 15 cores are discovered in the λ Orionis cloud, while 74 and 30 cores are found in the Orion A and B clouds, respectively. The cores in the λ Orionis cloud show much lower mean values of size R = 0.08 pc, column density N(H2) = (9.5 ± 1.2) × 1022 cm−2, number density n(H2) = (2.9 ± 0.4) × 105 cm−3, and mass M
core = 1.0 ± 0.3 M
⊙ compared to the cores in the Orion A [R = 0.11 pc, N(H2) = (2.3 ± 0.3) × 1023 cm−2, n(H2) = (3.8 ± 0.5) × 105 cm−3, and M
core = 2.4 ± 0.3 M
⊙] and Orion B [R = 0.16 pc, N(H2) = (3.8 ± 0.4) × 1023 cm−2, n(H2) = (15.6 ± 1.8) × 105 cm−3, and M
core = 2.7 ± 0.3 M
⊙] clouds. These core properties in the λ Orionis cloud can be attributed to the photodissociation and external heating by the nearby H II region, which may prevent the PGCCs from forming gravitationally bound structures and eventually disperse them. These results support the idea of negative stellar feedback on core formation.
The TOP-SCOPE Survey of PGCCs: PMO and SCUBA-2 Observations of 64 PGCCs in the Second Galactic Quadrant
Authors: Zhang Chuan-Peng , Liu Tie , Yuan Jinghua , Sanhueza Patricio , Traficante Alessio , Li Guang-Xing , Li Di , Tatematsu Ken’ichi , Wang Ke , Lee Chang Won , Samal Manash R. , Eden David , Marston Anthony , Liu Xiao-Lan , Zhou Jian-Jun , Li Pak Shing , Koch Patrick M. , Xu Jin-Long , Wu Yuefang , Juvela Mika , Zhang Tianwei , Alina Dana , Goldsmith Paul F. , Tóth L. V. , Wang Jun-Jie , Kim Kee-Tae
Published: June 2018

In order to understand the initial conditions and early evolution of star formation in a wide range of Galactic environments, we carried out an investigation of 64 Planck Galactic cold clumps (PGCCs) in the second quadrant of the Milky Way. Using the 13CO and C18O J = 1–0 lines and 850 μm continuum observations, we investigated cloud fragmentation and evolution associated with star formation. We extracted 468 clumps and 117 cores from the 13CO line and 850 μm continuum maps, respectively. We made use of the Bayesian distance calculator and derived the distances of all 64 PGCCs. We found that in general, the mass–size plane follows a relation of m ∼ r
1.67. At a given scale, the masses of our objects are around 1/10 of that of typical Galactic massive star-forming regions. Analysis of the clump and core masses, virial parameters, densities, and mass–size relation suggests that the PGCCs in our sample have a low core formation efficiency (∼3.0%), and most PGCCs are likely low-mass star-forming candidates. Statistical study indicates that the 850 μm cores are more turbulent, more optically thick, and denser than the 13CO clumps for star formation candidates, suggesting that the 850 μm cores are likely more appropriate future star formation candidates than the 13CO clumps.
Challenges of Convalescent Plasma Infusion Therapy in Middle East Respiratory Coronavirus Infection: A Single Centre Experience
Authors: Ko Jae-Hoon , Seok Hyeri , Cho Sun Young , Ha Young Eun , Baek Jin Yang , Kim So Hyun , Kim Yae-Jean , Park Jin Kyeong , Chung Chi Ryang , Kang Eun-Suk , Cho Duck , Müller Marcel A , Drosten Christian , Kang Cheol-In , Chung Doo Ryeon , Song Jae-Hoon , Peck Kyong Ran
Published: June 2018

Background

The effects of convalescent plasma (CP) infusion, one of the treatment options for severe Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections, have not yet been evaluated.

Methods

Serological responses of CP-infused MERS patients during the 2015 Korean MERS outbreak at a tertiary care centre were evaluated. Serological activity was evaluated with anti-MERS-CoV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) immunoglobulin (Ig)G, ELISA IgA, immunofluorescence assay IgM and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Donor plasma and one or two recipient's serum samples per week of illness including one taken the day after each CP infusion were evaluated. For sensitivity and specificity analysis of ELISA IgG in predicting neutralization activity, a data set of 138 previously evaluated MERS-CoV-infected patients was used.

Results

Three of thirteen MERS patients with respiratory failure received four CP infusions from convalesced MERS-CoV-infected patients, and only two of them showed neutralizing activity. Donor plasma with a PRNT titre 1:80 demonstrated meaningful serological response after CP infusion, while that with a PRNT titre 1:40 did not. ELISA IgG predicted neutralization activity of a PRNT titre ≥1:80 with more than 95% specificity at a cutoff optical density (OD) ratio of 1.6, and with 100% specificity at an OD ratio of 1.9.

Conclusions

For effective CP infusion in MERS, donor plasma with a neutralization activity of a PRNT titre ≥1:80 should be used. ELISA IgG could substitute for the neutralization test in resource-limited situations.
Molecular and morphological evidence reveal a new genus and species in Auriculariales from tropical China
Authors: Yuan Hai-Sheng , Lu Xu , Decock Cony
Published: June 2018

Grammatuslabyrinthinusgen. et sp. nov. is proposed based on DNA sequences data and morphological characteristics. It is known so far from southern, tropical China. The new species is characterised by an annual, resupinate basidiocarp with a shallow, subporoid hymenophore, a hymenium restricted to the bottom of the tubes, a dimitic hyphal system, presence of encrusted skeletocystidia and dendrohyphidia, longitudinally septate basidia and smooth, oblong-ellipsoid to cylindrical, acyanophilous basidiospores. Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS + nLSU DNA sequences data indicate that G.labyrinthinus belongs to Auriculariaceae in which it has an isolated position. Phylogenetic inferences show G.labyrinthinus to be related to Heteroradulum. However, the ITS sequences similarity between G.labyrinthinus and H.kmetii, the type species of Heteroradulum, were 89.84% and support the establishment of the new genus. Inversely, Heteroradulumsemis clustered with G.labyrinthinus with strong support and it is transferred to Grammatus.
Des éducateurs de rue à l’épreuve du collège
Authors: Couronné Julie
Published: June 2018

À partir d’une enquête ethnographique, cet article étudie l’intervention de la prévention spécialisée dans la recherche de solutions à l’« absentéisme scolaire ». Il a pour objectif d’analyser le processus de déplacement de la prévention spécialisée, de la rue vers les collèges. Les éducateurs de prévention spécialisée, relevant du secteur de la Protection de l’enfance, réaffirment leur mission protectrice sur le territoire de l’école et sacrifient leurs principes d’intervention pour coopérer avec les acteurs scolaires. Ils se mobilisent auprès de certains adolescents pour maintenir des scolarités, même irrégulières, afin de les protéger. Ce déplacement de territoire et de positionnement entraine une recomposition importante de leurs pratiques professionnelles.
Choix professionnels et écarts de salaires entre hommes et femmes : le rôle des différences de préférences et d’attitudes face au travail
Authors: Bensidoun Isabelle , Trancart Danièle
Published: June 2018

La réduction des écarts de salaires entre les hommes et les femmes est depuis maintenant deux décennies au point mort. Le fait que les unes et les autres se distinguent en matière de préférences et d’attitudes face au travail constitue une des raisons qui pourrait l’expliquer. Dans cette étude, on examine à partir de l’enquête Génération 1998 à 10 ans réalisée par le Céreq en France, le rôle que les préférences en matière de carrière, l’attitude face au risque ou le rapport à son avenir professionnel peuvent avoir sur les écarts de salaires. Comme ces facteurs sont susceptibles d’influencer non seulement les salaires mais aussi les choix professionnels, une décomposition des écarts de salaires qui en tient compte est retenue ici. Celle-ci permet en outre de prendre en considération le caractère potentiellement discriminatoire de la ségrégation professionnelle. Les différences de préférences et d’attitudes comptent pour 6,3 % de l’écart de salaires total, soit près de deux fois plus que l’expérience. Elles permettent de réduire la composante inexpliquée des écarts de salaire qui reste toutefois importante. Dix ans après la sortie du système éducatif, le salaire des femmes, inférieur de 21,2 % à celui des hommes, ne devrait en effet l’être que de 8 %.
Décès de jure , décès de facto : l’impact des présents et des absents non enregistrés sur les taux de mortalité urbaine en Belgique au début du xx e siècle
Authors: Van Rossem Tina , Deboosere Patrick , Devos Isabelle , Renon Annick
Published: June 2018

Le non-enregistrement de la migration temporaire peut être à l’origine d’écarts importants entre les taux de mortalité selon qu’ils sont calculés sur la base de la résidence légale, effective ou habituelle des personnes décédées. Les taux les plus indiqués sont, selon nous, ceux obtenus à partir de la résidence habituelle. Les résidents habituels sont en effet les plus exposés aux risques attachés à une ville donnée. Les recensements, les statistiques d’état civil et les certificats de décès de Belgique nous permettent de calculer les taux de mortalité de populations ayant leur résidence habituelle dans trois grandes villes belges (Bruxelles, Liège et Schaerbeek) en 1910 et de les comparer aux taux jusqu’à présent calculés selon le lieu du décès. De façon très significative, l’existence d’institutions médicales dans de grandes agglomérations comme Liège et Bruxelles accroît artificiellement les taux basés sur les décès qui surviennent sur leur territoire. Le contraire est vrai pour la commune suburbaine de Schaerbeek : beaucoup de personnes qui y ont leur résidence habituelle décèdent ailleurs. Ces résultats suggèrent que, pour certains groupes d’âges, la surmortalité à Bruxelles au xix e et au début du xx e siècle peut être imputée en partie au grand nombre de personnes décédant dans la capitale sans y avoir leur résidence habituelle.
Réformes publiques et autonomie des groupes professionnels : le jeu des segments
Authors: Hénaut Léonie , Poulard Frédéric
Published: June 2018

Résume Fondé sur une étude sociohistorique des conservateurs de musées en France depuis 1945, cet article montre que l’autonomie d’un groupe professionnel ne se négocie pas seulement dans un face-à-face entre ses représentants et l’État, mais tient aussi à ce qui se passe au sein du groupe, entre les segments qui le composent et s’opposent. Loin d’affaiblir leur capacité d’action collective, la lutte entre les conservateurs territoriaux et ceux du corps d’État vient infléchir, au tournant des années 1990, le cours des décisions publiques concernant le groupe dans le sens d’une unification des statuts et d’un accroissement des prérogatives. Les processus par lesquels opère ce jeu des segments sont d’ordre symbolique, au sens de l’interactionnisme. Tout en contribuant aux travaux récents sur les relations entre professionnels et réformes des services publics, cet article amène à reconsidérer l’antinomie classique entre unité et diversité des groupes professionnels.
La sociologie doit-elle craindre l’individualisme méthodologique ?
Authors: Friedberg Erhard
Published: June 2018

Résume Cette note présente le dernier livre de M. Granovetter, dont l’ambition est d’exposer les fondements théoriques et conceptuels de la nouvelle sociologie économique, que l’éminent sociologue a fortement marquée de son empreinte. C’est l’occasion de faire retour à quelques-uns de ses travaux antérieurs. Au stade de la discussion critique, nous exprimons notre perplexité devant l’introduction soudaine, dans les deux derniers chapitres, de la notion d’« acteur pragmatique ». Jamais clairement défini, celui-ci ressemble trait pour trait à l’acteur de l’individualisme méthodologique, posture analytique pourtant fermement repoussée et évitée par M. Granovetter dans la première partie. Une telle incohérence conceptuelle interroge d’autant plus qu’elle peut être rapprochée d’une autre tout aussi étrange que l’on peut observer dans le dernier livre de Neil Fligstein et Doug McAdam, A Theory of Fields  : après avoir présenté des acteurs qualifiés par eux de compétents et stratégiques, les auteurs leur dénient toute autonomie réelle et toute capacité à mesurer leurs engagements dans l’action collective. La note se termine en s’interrogeant sur la signification de tels flottements conceptuels et fait l’hypothèse qu’ils sont le signe d’un positionnement problématique de la sociologie dans le champ des sciences sociales plus large.
Particular Results of a Research Aimed at Curricula Design of Teacher Training in the Area of Didactic Technological Competences
Authors: Záhorec Ján , HaÅ¡kovÃ¡ Alena , Munk Michal
Published: June 2018

The paper presents particular results of the first phase of a research aimed at improving pre-graduate teacher training in the area of didactic technological competences. The main goal of the prepared research is to modernize and optimize relevant parts of study programs of teacher trainees at Slovak higher education institutions (inclusion and structure the relevant subjects in the study programs, their content and time assignment). The results are related to a questionnaire survey of the current state and perspectives of the continuing professional development of primary and secondary school teachers contributing to their didactic technological competences improvement and development. Main attention is paid to an analysis of the selected questionnaire items in which the respondents assessed significance of the use of various interactive educational activities and digital means in teaching process to inrease efficiency of selected specific aspects of education. The presented analysis is based on the segmentation of the respondents on the factor of the category and sub-category of the teaching staff the respondents belong to.
Les abris sépulcraux de la presqu’île de Narinda (Province de Mahajanga, Madagascar)
Authors: Valentin Frédérique , Ramanivosoa Beby , Gommery Dominique , Tombomiadana-Raveloson Sabine
Published: June 2018

L’article présente les premiers résultats d’une étude archéologique de surface menée dans cinq abris funéraires du karst (tsingy) de la région de Narinda, sur la côte Nord-Ouest de Madagascar. Elle a été réalisée dans le cadre d’une coopération paléontologique et archéologique franco-malgache dans la Province de Mahajanga. Les défunts, hommes, femmes et enfants, ont été placés dans des cercueils de bois dont le couvercle peut prendre la forme d’une coque de pirogue et être orné de sculptures géométriques. Leurs cadavres ont été déposés définitivement en suivant des règles, dépendant du sexe et des points cardinaux, strictement respectées. S’appuyant sur des comparaisons archéologiques et ethnographiques, les auteurs proposent, en première instance, un rapprochement avec les traditions funéraires du groupe Sakalava qui s’est installé dans cette région au xviiie siècle.
L’art dans la lutte traditionnelle chez les San du Burkina Faso : le gnandôrô
Authors: Ky Jean-Célestin
Published: June 2018

Au Burkina Faso, les San sont reconnus comme formant une société à l’intérieur de laquelle, la pratique de la lutte comme exaltation de la valeur personnelle à travers l’expression de la force physique occupe une place importante. Culturellement enracinée dans la société, la lutte, après l’agriculture et avec la chasse, occupe les San une partie de l’année ; annuellement et à des moments précis elle donne lieu à des compétitions intra et extra villageoises. L’importance de cette pratique est matérialisée par un objet, le gnandôrô qui, en réalité est le symbole de la bravoure. La présente étude montre la naissance de la production artistique du gnandôrô, objet aux fonctions décorative, honorifique et funéraire dont les formes ont évolué avec le temps.
Origin disputed. The making, use and evaluation of Ghanaian textiles
Authors: Kraamer Malika
Published: June 2018

Depuis les années 1990, un vif débat a pris forme au Ghana sur l’origine du kente. Les discussions portent principalement sur l’antériorité du tissage Asante sur le tissage Ewe. Cette acitvité est très ancienne dans de nombreuses régions du Ghana, et les relations entre les régions de parler Ewe et celles de parler Twi remontent aussi loin que le xixe s. au moins. Cet article vise à déméler et à mettre en évidence de quelle manière revendications et appropriations de l’origine du kente sont localement répétés et comprises et, à travers cet exemple, comment s’élaborent perceptions locales et réécritures du passé. Pour élucider les paradoxes qui apparaissent clairement, une analyse plus particulière est faite des différentes façons de voir, d’expérimenter, d’interpréter et de mettre en jeu le passé dans un domaine où les récits s’opposent. Les narrations ne font pas que créer des scénarios cohérents qui agencent de manière articulée des significations partagées mais sont aussi remodelées par ces revendications âpres pour le contrôle et l’autorité dans l’interprétation recevable du passé.
Tumulus et pierres dressées dans la région de Las Geel (Somaliland)
Authors: Cros Jean-Paul , Bernard Régis , Joussaume Roger
Published: June 2018

Des prospections dans la région de Las Geel ont permis d’identifier trois grands types de structures en pierres. Les auteurs présentent ici la première fouille exhaustive réalisée en Somaliland sur un tumulus plat, appartenant à un groupe de quatorze situés dans les environs d’abris peints. Une mise en perspective avec les quelques études réalisées en Afrique de l’Est sur ce type de monuments est ensuite proposée.
Digital Narratives of Immigrant Youth
Authors: Casale Regina , Mentor Dominic
Published: June 2018

This chapter focused on cultivating mobile activism mobile journalism with middle and high schoolers of a town in Long Island. The youth film production effort was in response to a hate crime. An immigrant was attacked and killed by a group of young males after a suspected spree of other attacks that same night. After the murderous incident, immigrant parent and students of the local schools feared for their lives. Working towards the goals, the organizers set out to teach students how to use mobile and computer technologies for filmmaking. Using themes of human rights, they also focused on responding to hate crimes and immigration issues. This chapter offers key discoveries and lessons. The short intensive program provided academic and workforce development skills as well as how to use computer technology for digitizing personal narratives. The program also offered informal academic purposes, along with observations, opportunities, and recommendations from the findings for other K-12 digital video filmmaking endeavors.