bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Room to Meme: ‘David Lynch’ as Problematic and Self-evident Aesthetic Object in Digital Memes
Authors: Hartwig Marcel
Published: September 2023

This chapter argues that the semiotic item ‘David Lynch’ has become a meme, and through memetic imitation in digital form is stripped of the very essence of David Lynch. It will assess the play that is at work in shaping transmedia aesthetics by way of media transpositions of elements from Lynch’s oeuvre into new media contexts and the role multimodality plays in this process. This chapter understand digital memes as multimodal media that foster canonisation processes and turn David Lynch into an aesthetic signifier that normalises his shock aesthetics into a part of the everyday register. At the same time, the use and circulation of these digital memes evidence creative forms of polyvocal public participation. In collecting and discussing memes from social media platforms, closed and open online fan groups, discussion websites and popular online platforms such as 9gag or me.me that allow for the sharing of user-generated content, this chapter asks about the function of David Lynch memes. In doing so it will reflect on the relationship between digital memes and networks of communities that operate by a logic of cultural (re-)appropriation, collectivism and the use of vernacular creativity.
Researching Audiovisually: Experiments in Videographic Criticism in David Lynch’s The Elephant Man and Blue Velvet 1
Authors: Greene Liz
Published: September 2023

This chapter illustrates where some of the tensions lie between the poetic and explanatory modes in videographic criticism. It will further extend this to include a discussion of the ‘exploratory’ mode in videographic criticism when considering five audiovisual essays about David Lynch’s The Elephant Man (1980) and Blue Velvet (1986). The combination of images, sounds and text in the audiovisual essay allows a researcher, as Keathley holds, to ‘re-imagine the very relationship between a cinematic object of study and critical commentary about it’. Catherine Grant later labelled this a form of ‘material thinking’. Developing on the work of Keathley and Grant, this chapter explores how videographic criticism offers a more rigorous audiovisual process for research than traditional scholarly methods and will also argue that this form of research production offers a broader opportunity for the dissemination of research. All five of the audiovisual essays discussed here are the result of experiments in form: form that follows content, and form that follows process.
A Form that Keeps Unravelling: On David Lynch, Spontaneity and Organic Fluidity in Videographic Essay Production and Academia
Authors: Bakkane Chris Aarnes
Published: September 2023

This chapter has two aims: to explore David Lynch’s aesthetics and themes by way of a personal creative and academic endeavour, the videographic essay In Dreams (2017), and to touch on the more technical aspects of creating such a project, from its initial conception to its realisation. In contextualising the thought-process that went into creating the audiovisual essay this chapter offers various interpretations of David Lynch’s filmography. Further, technical aspects of the videographic essay and the editing process will be addressed. It will also touch on issues of copyright and fair use, and how these laws may set certain standards (and restrictions) for the future of the videographic essay on social media platforms such as YouTube. It further discusses false ID content claims and shows how YouTube’s own guidelines may be weaponised against their creators. In contextualizing the work of an individual videographic essay with that of the academic discourse about this educational tool to prompt the reader to further explore the various approaches, creative and critical, that study audiovisual and videographic criticism.
Introduction: Imagining Clubland
Authors: Fiss Laura
Published: September 2023

The social club for gentlemen has a history intertwined with print culture, especially newspapers and periodicals. This introduction gives an overview of that history, introduces the Idler and the central figures of this study, called the Idlers. The theoretical and methodological approach to humour appears here, which ties humour to sociability and places it within the context of affect and reading.
Club Chatter, Gossip and Smoking: The ‘Idler’s Club’ Column as a Reader’s Space
Authors: Fiss Laura
Published: September 2023

The collaboratively written ‘Idler’s Club’ column (1892-1901) presents the club as a metaphor for the imagined space of reading afforded in a magazine such as the Idler. Another masculine metaphor for reading—which, like the common metaphor of eating, can apply to any gender of reader—is smoking, which is depicted as both communal and solitary. To illuminate the gender dynamics of the collaborative authorship, the chapter presents a quantitative analysis of column authorship by gender. Women certainly participated in the column, but the core authorship was small and male.
Idlers and Drones: P. G. Wodehouse and Twentieth-Century Class Confusion
Authors: Fiss Laura
Published: September 2023

P. G. Wodehouse’s Drones Club his most famous, but he created many fictional clubs across his large oeuvre, including the Ganymede Club for servants including his famous Jeeves. Building on the earlier generation of Idlers, Wodehouse maintains a light tone even when joking about violent socialist revolution. Class impersonation features frequently in his works; like the gender impersonation in Tommy and Co. (see ch. 2), the joke is often on the ease with which social structures are elided.
Conclusion: Mass Readership, Then and Now
Authors: Fiss Laura
Published: September 2023

The conclusion ties up argumentative threads and emphasizes the importance not of taking humour seriously but of taking more elements of literature and culture humorously. This argument relates to work on reading, light literature, and escapism. The book ends with a call for what this might mean in the academy.
Between Human Action and the Life of the Mind
Authors: Robaszkiewicz Maria , Weinman Michael D.
Published: September 2023

Hannah Arendt was very careful to keep politics and philosophy apart. A closer look at her works and her biography, however, discloses an unbreakable bond between philosophy and politics; threads of this bond woven together throughout her life, partly as a result of her own actions and partly due to actions of others and unforeseeable paths of human history. There is no doubt that for Arendt, thinking as part of the vita contemplativa is a very different practice from the vita activa, which is engaging with the material world we share with others, which includes political acting. Yet, Arendt takes up this distinction and questions the traditional hierarchy of the two ways of life. Her project thus consists in systematizing the activities of the practical way of life, which has hitherto been regarded as subordinate to the theoretical and therefore neglected.
Thinking With and Against Arendt about Race, Racism, and Anti-racism
Authors: Robaszkiewicz Maria , Weinman Michael D.
Published: September 2023

Current political events make clear that race continues to be a major fault line when it comes to the interweaving of social equality and political equality that so troubled Arendt in her diagnosis of “the rise of the social.” Arendt misses this in her treatment of race-based discrimination in America and does perhaps worse as regards the non-historical character of African peoples. Yet, Arendt actually offers unique resources for contemporary anti-racist thinking that we would not be able to find elsewhere were we to refuse to enter into dialogue with her on race on the basis of what we cannot but find to be the outrageously wrongheaded judgments she herself made when thinking-in-public about these matters in the 1950s, which we will discuss those judgments in detail shortly. Notwithstanding, and perhaps even in light of, the fact that Arendt failed to develop these resources in her thought while trying to come to terms with the politics of racist ideologies generally and anti-Black racism in particular, in this chapter attempts to demonstrate again the necessity of further exercises in political thinking, beyond her own limitations. In this chapter, the authors also discuss the fragility of reflective judgment.
Close-ups and Gros Plans : Denis Villeneuve the Macrophage
Authors: Pascal Marie
Published: September 2023

This chapter conducts a detailed analysis of Denis Villeneuve’s frequent use of gros plans and close-ups throughout his oeuvre, from his early Quebec films through to his more recent Hollywood blockbusters. It explores how the binaries of largeness/nearness and transcendence/possession, highlighted by the different meanings of gros plans in French and ‘close-up’ in English, play out across Villeneuve’s oeuvre, while offering a typology of the macro as well as its effects of this technique on the spectator. The author highlights the particularities of Villeneuve’s use of close-ups, putting them in conversations with other shots to show how they function to draw the spectator’s attention to specific objects, or to the lack thereof.
Filming Missing Bodies: ‘Bodiless-Character Films’ and the Presence of Absence in Denis Villeneuve’s Cinema
Authors: Sanders Emily
Published: September 2023

This chapter explores the function of absence aesthetics in four of Denis Villeneuve’s feature films – Maelström (2000), Polytechnique (2009), Incendies (2010) and Arrival (2016) – by analysing tropes of motherhood, surrogacy and artefactualisation. The author shows how, for Villeneuve’s protagonists, pregnancy is represented as alienating, while also projecting future hope through the womb as liminal space for the missing fantasy object. The surrogate, on the other hand, stands in for the missing object, but serves only to underscore its absence. Finally, certain objects in the four films become artefactualised through their association with a missing, irretrievable past.
The Self as Other and the Other as Self: Identity, Doubling and Misrecognition in Incendies , Enemy and Blade Runner 2049
Authors: English Jeri
Published: September 2023

This chapter explores Denis Villeneuve’s cinematic exploration of intersubjective identity in Incendies (2010), Enemy (2013) and Blade Runner 2049 (2017). The author shows how, in all three films, characters undergo an identity quest in which it is the understanding of the Other that leads to new knowledge of the Self. In Incendies, the protagonists bring their mother’s lost history to life through their embodied experiences and, in so doing, gain tragic knowledge of the idem of their brother and father. In Enemy, the protagonist’s misreading of his presumed doppelgänger as Other instead of as Self demonstrates his inability to understand his ipse-identity. In BR 2049, the protagonist fundamentally misrecognizes himself as the object of his own quest.
Subjectivity and Cinematic Space in Blade Runner 2049
Authors: Gelly Christophe , Roche David
Published: September 2023

This chapter analyses the relationship between posthuman subjectivity and cinematic space – and therefore, between ethics and aesthetics – in Denis Villeneuve’s Blade Runner 2049 (2017). The authors examine the film’s use of both diegetic and audiovisual space, linking the deconstruction of the binary division between interior and exterior to the film’s discourse on posthuman subjectivity. They focus specifically on representations of virtual reality, cinematic space and the relationship between Replicant and AI positing that BR 2049 poses fundamental questions about the condition of inhabiting physical or virtual spaces and, ultimately, deconstructs the binary between the physical and the virtual.
Zero Girls and Lesbian Stylites: From Solar Sexuality to Camp in the Early Films of Roberta Findlay
Authors: Bozelka Kevin John
Published: September 2023

Using Michel Tournier’s 1967 philosophical novel Friday, or, The Other Island, this chapter analyses the early films of Robert Findlay as journeys towards attaining a solar sexuality, an elemental, deindividuated jubilance free of language, categories, and rationalisation. The lesbians in later Roberta Findlay’s films long for transcendence. But they exist in a world that will not leave them alone. Pimps, psychiatrists, lecherous fathers, and all manner of derelicts subjugate them to sexual violence and/or attempt to correct their lesbian tendencies. Given how these later titles still lack a strong diegetic interiority, a viewer can take their horrors with a grain of camp. They seem to hail a self-actualised lesbian subject prepared to reject any oppressive realism. But Take Me Naked and Mnasidika seem to hail no one despite intimations in the latter of a lesbian Eden, making for a more avant-garde cinematic experience.
The Beginning and the End: Transitioning Careers and Roberta Findlay’s Banned ( 1989 )
Authors: Heller-Nicholas Alexandra
Published: September 2023

Marking the end of a rollercoaster and frequently controversial career straddling exploitation cinema, hardcore pornography and horror, Roberta Findlay’s final film BANNED (1989) has long been the subject of dedicated fan speculation. Intended to profit on the-then current trend for wild youth-oriented comedies on cable television and VHS, after failing to gain distribution for the film Findlay effectively quit filmmaking and dedicated herself professionally to the subject she studied at university – music – through her work at the legendary esteemed Sear Sound studio in Hell’s Kitchen. From this perspective, the little-seen BANNED can be viewed as both the end of Findlay’s directorial career, while simultaneously also flagging a transitional to a second career. With much of the film itself set in a recording studio, BANNED follows the antics of a middle class, middle of the road jazz rock guitarist who becomes possessed by the spirit of a dead killer punk rocker via a haunted toilet. While in its own way just as audacious as Findlay’s more notorious works, BANNED is not only a curious finale to a complex and fascinating film career, but it also formally reveals a return to her first passion: music.
Acting Clever in Henry James
Authors: Lyons Sara
Published: September 2023

The chapter reads James’s The Tragic Muse (1890)as an intervention in the late nineteenth-century reification of ‘intelligence’ as a singular, mainly innate, and testable phenomenon – in other words, in the emergence of the IQ concept. It highlights how the novel asks us to assess the creative potential and professional ambitions of two protagonists across divides of gender, class, and race. It reads James’s novel as an effort to expose the extent to which aristocratic ideals haunt apparently modern conceptions of talent and merit. It also argues that the novel’s comedy hinges on James’s recognition that intelligence is not a fixed essence but an unstable social performance.
Virginia Woolf’s Hereditary Genius
Authors: Lyons Sara
Published: September 2023

This coda focusses on Virginia Woolf’s 1919 bildungsroman, Night and Day. It highlights the significance of the novel’s opening reflections on Galton’s major work on intelligence, Hereditary Genius (1869) – a work which traced Woolf’s own family lineage in its effort to prove the heritability of intellectual gifts. The novel’s heroine, Katharine Hilbery, attempts to escape such determinism by turning away from literary ideals of creativity and inspiration (her father was a famous poet), but she affirms the Galtonian model of intelligence in another sense: she becomes a mathematician, the supreme type of Galtonian genius. In addition, the chapter reads Night and Day as a meditation on the implications of the cultural shift from humanist and Romantic ideals of genius to a post-humanist conception of intelligence that privileges mathematical logic. This is a shift that the novel tries to celebrate, but Woolf’s underlying ambivalence toward it shapes the novel’s representations of feminist and democratic politics.
‘What Happened a Hundred Years Ago is Happening Again’: The Ghosts of the California Past
Authors: Murphy Bernice M.
Published: September 2023

Here it is argued that the real-life survival horror story of the Donner Party holds the same foundational resonance for the California Gothic that the Salem Witch Trials do for the New England Gothic. Evolving contemporary perceptions of the gruesome events of the winter of 1846-7 are outlined and an overview of the ways in which these events have been dramatized in horror and Gothic fiction and film is provided, beginning with the 1973 cult classic Messiah of Evil. The California contexts of the 1996 film Ravenous are discussed, and Joan Didion’s fascination with the episode is noted.
The genocidal ill-treatment of California’s Native American population provides the focus of the second part of this chapter. John Carpenter’s The Fog (1980) is discussed in relation to its nuanced engagement with regional history. The chapter concludes with a discussion of a foundational Californian ghost story: the legend surrounding the so-called ‘Winchester Mystery House’ and the ways in which it is dramatized in the 2018 film Winchester. The fabricated story attached to Sarah Winchester’s architectural folly is here seen as a specifically Californian legend which reflects the often-ignored fact that many thousands of Native Americans were massacred in the decades following statehood.
‘One of the finest capitals of Europe’: Some British Romantic Views of Copenhagen
Authors: Duffy Cian
Published: September 2023

This chapter shows how British writing about the Danish capital, Copenhagen, functions as a barometer of changing attitudes to Denmark. Whilst earlier travellers see everywhere signs of despotism and neglect, towards the end of the eighteenth century and in the early nineteenth century, British visitors increasingly emphasise the architectural, cultural, and social richness of the city. British writing about Copenhagen also sheds interesting light on the emergence of Romantic constructions of ‘the North’ and the concomitant Romanticising of Denmark in the British imagination. The chapter also explores how Copenhagen became a particular focus point of British writing about Denmark in the wake of the two British attacks on the city, in April 1801 and September 1807.
Who Runs Edinburgh?
Authors: McCrone David
Published: September 2023

A global city by repute, Edinburgh’s power structure is largely opaque. This book sets out to tell its modern story and to unveil as far as possible who runs this place. It examines its politics, formal and informal; its changing political economy; and the rise and rise of its status as Festival city. Behind all this lies a complex system of money and culture, of presumed social status tied into a hierarchy of schools and institutions, universities, banks and finance houses. The book explores arguments about what sort of city Edinburgh should be and what it should look like. It examines planning controversies, from post-war developments through various ‘holes in the ground’ up to and including The Trams controversy. Studying Edinburgh lets us draw lessons about cities in general, and their roles in the modern world. The book draws on a lifetime study of Edinburgh by a prominent sociologist. It has the merit of drawing on primary and secondary sources, and is written for both academics and citizens alike. It draws on four key disciplines, sociology, politics, history and geography, to tell the story of modern Edinburgh in an engaging way, avoiding jargon, with an appeal to anyone interested in how the city came to be the place it is today.
Developing Edinburgh: Pies in the Sky, Holes in the Ground
Authors: McCrone David
Published: September 2023

Edinburgh is a city constantly on the make. It has never been short of planning controversies, which help to uncover who runs this place, if anyone. We will explore the city as a ‘growth machine’ whereby global investment happens upon Edinburgh because, ostensibly, it is a place of profitable developments, a machine for generating economic growth for global investors. Edinburgh is no stranger to planning controversies, arguably more than most comparable cities, because of its historic and cultural features. In that regard, the city is not unique, while the dominance of local property interests lasted much longer than elsewhere. The chapter explores key planning developments across the city which have altered the economics and the geography of the place.
The Possibility of Dialogue
Authors: Turner Bryan S. , Turner Bryan S.
Published: September 2023

Conflicts over positions of belief and knowledge are a product of ‘contested diversity’. Sociology, and social science in general, is challenged by issues relating to post-colonialism and post-modernism. Liberal democracies have in general failed to achieve an overlapping consensus of beliefs and practices. Nevertheless, intellectual leaders like Hans-Georg Gadamer and Susan Buck-Morss have struggled to keep open the possibility of dialogue in societies beset with conflict, fake news, and cyber-attacks. Given the overlapping principles between Islam and Christianity, dialogue remains an option worth pursuing. Understanding takes place in language events that resemble our inner conversations. Because all religions involve experiences that are typically ineffable, we cannot pretend that understanding is easy. However, for Gadamer, because we are all historical subjects, there is always the prospect of dialogic understanding.
Business of the Press
Authors: Brownlees Nicholas , Finkelstein David
Published: September 2023

This chapter examines the business objectives and commercial forces that shaped the world of the British and Irish press. The business objectives and possibilities changed over the period as the periodical press transformed from the low-circulating weekly newsbooks of the 1640s to the financially robust dailies, tri-weekly and weekly newspapers (including evening newspapers) of the late eighteenth century. What started out as a supplementary income for the news makers in question – be they publishers, printers, editors, news writers and translators - developed into a commercial enterprise capable of providing significant financial reward even if it was not evenly divided among the various participants. The chapter analyses the ever-growing financial importance of advertising to a newspaper’s success and includes a case study of The Times.
From Manuscript to Print: The Multimedia News System
Authors: King Rachael Scarborough
Published: September 2023

This chapter focuses initially on the close connection between manuscript and printed news until about 1715, showing how both media represented a transnational European news environment rather than a local one, and how correspondence networks provided the basis for news circulation. The final section then details the decline of the professional manuscript newsletter in the second half of the eighteenth century while continuing to show how central letter writing was to news production and consumption. A clearer understanding of the prominence of manuscript news throughout the foundational period for the eighteenth-century newspaper elucidates the practicalities of news transmission and shows how writers and readers developed methods for authenticating news items. The interaction between newsletters and newspapers demonstrates that the eighteenth century constituted a multimedia news environment rather than one in which print was the dominant medium of exchange. The chapter also includes a case study of The Post Boy.
The Scottish Press
Authors: Brown Rhona
Published: September 2023

This chapter explores the history of the Scottish periodical press from its establishment in the 1640s through to 1800. While James Watson’s Edinburgh Gazette – thought to have been Scotland’s first recognisably modern newspaper – dates to around 1699, the Scottish press was active in printing and distributing the news from the 1640s onwards. The chapter illustrates how from their Anglocentric foundations, Scottish newspapers and magazines gradually turned their attention towards local events and concerns, and the most successful productions of the eighteenth-century Scottish periodical press were those which focused on Scottish news and enabled the facilitation of local economies. The chapter also includes a case study of the reporting of the Jacobite Rising of 1715 in Scottish newspapers and broadsides.
Scottish Press: News Transmission and Networks Between Scotland and America in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Spencer Mark G.
Published: September 2023

Although there is a long-established and rich historiography exploring the intellectual links between Scotland and America in the eighteenth century, little attention has been directed toward Scottish newspapers in this historiography. Were Scottish newspapers present in eighteenth-century American news reporting? If so, which ones, when, and to what effect? This chapter adds to our understanding of eighteenth-century news transmission and networks between Scotland and America by providing preliminary answers to these questions. The chapter shows that American readers had access to Scottish newspaper accounts of foreign affairs, many of which impacted their world and they could follow at a distance Scottish events such as the Jacobite Rising of 1745. The chapter also contains a case study on how broadsides helped create images of the Scottish diaspora.
Wales and the News
Authors: Clavier Sarah Ward
Published: September 2023

This chapter shows that although for almost all of the period 1640–1800 there existed no press on Welsh soil, and comparatively little news media was printed in the Welsh language, this did not mean that Wales was an information backwater. The Welsh were adept at seeking out news sources and sharing news. There was a very keen appetite for manuscript and printed material. Exploring Wales and its relationship with the news media in sections, the chapter begins with a summary of Welsh and English historiography, before examining the available primary sources. Section three outlines the depictions of Wales in the news, particularly at times of crisis, and posits some tentative arguments about the Welsh response to these often-crude stereotypes. Sections four and five take a brief chronological look at the developments in Welsh relationships with the news in two main periods: 1640–95 and 1695–1800.
Translation and the Press
Authors: McLaughlin Mairi , Brownlees Nicholas
Published: September 2023

The chapter examines the scope and significance of news translation, what is known about the translators, and the kinds of strategies employed as well as their rationale. The section on news translation into English looks at English translators of news including Abel Boyer (Post Boy), Roger L’Estrange (Intelligencer) and Daniel Defoe (Weekly Journal) and analyses the translation in Mercurius Politicus (1657) of news paragraphs from the Gazette de France. The chapter also has a section on the translation into French of English news in Gazette d’Amsterdam, Gazette de France and other French-language newspapers. The chapter includes a case study on the Gazette de Londres, the English government’s authorised translation of the London Gazette.
Commenting and Reflecting on t he News
Authors: Taylor Edward
Published: September 2023

This chapter examines how the press was used to convey commentary on the news, and not just the news itself. After considering what ‘comment’ meant in an early modern context, the main discussion that follows examines changing patterns of comment in the serial press between 1640 and 1800. Publications which are examined in depth are Roger L'Estrange's Observator, James Welwood's Mercurius Reformatus and the Observator of John Tutchin and George Ridpath. This latter Whig comment serial is investigated in a case study. It is argued that comment’s place in the serial press shifted significantly over the period: developing tentatively in civil war newsbooks of the 1640s and 1650s before falling back; emerging strongly in the new comment serials between the 1680s and 1720s; shifting back towards newspapers from the 1710s, where it remained entrenched for the rest of the century; also being published increasingly through magazines from the 1730s onwards.
Runaway Announcements and Narratives of the Enslaved
Authors: Cairns John W.
Published: September 2023

This chapter examines announcements for runaways seemingly held as enslaved. The notices for enslaved runaways are comparable to those for runaways more generally, particularly for those seeking the return of servants under indenture and apprentices, as well as of sailors and soldiers. From the analysis it emerges that the content of press notices in the British press had some standard features: description of the runaway, usually with name and any alias, name of master or mistress, mode of absconding, details of talents and skills, including languages, ability to play a musical instrument and a reward. The analysis draws on the considerable scholarship in the U.S.A. about runaway advertisements in the eighteenth century American press. This scholarship provides a useful framework for the understanding of British runaway announcements although it may also be profitable to think of how the announcements also differ, as a means of understanding the different experiences of these individuals whether in Britain or the colonies.
The Press in Literature and Drama
Authors: Palmer Michael
Published: September 2023

The chapter examines the role of dramatists, novelists and essayists in the history of the early press. One of the first dramatists to comment (negatively) on the seventeenth-century print culture was Ben Jonson in News from the New World Discovered in the Moon (1620) and The Staple of News (1626). The chapter also considers the contributions of Henry Fielding, Samuel Richardson, Daniel Defoe, Jonathan Swift, Alexander Pope, Richard Sheridan and Samuel Johnson to the history of periodical news and comment. Some such comment could be highly critical, as was the case with Samuel Johnson. He bemoaned the repetitiveness of press coverage with the words: “Thus journals are daily multiplied without increase of knowledge. The tale of the morning paper is told again in the evening, and the narratives of the evening are bought again in the morning” (The Idler, 1758).
En komplett och nyanserad karta
Authors: Westerholm Kristin , Holme Lotta , Isaksson Jessica , Sjöberg Sara
Published: September 2023

Skollagstiftningen är tydlig: De elever som bedöms vara i behov av särskilt stöd har rätt att få det. Och detta stödbehov ska ses i relation till att elever inte når - eller riskerar att inte nå - kunskapskraven. Till grund för beslutet om särskilt stöd ligger den pedagogiska kartläggningen. Denna kartläggning har alltså en central roll för det specialpedagogiska arbetet och kan vara avgörande för elevens lärande och utveckling.
Studien bygger på en tematisk innehållsanalys av tjugo pedagogiska kartläggningar av elever, vilka, trots extra anpassningar, bedöms inte nå kunskapskraven. Kartläggningarna gäller elever i grundskolan, av varierande ålder och kön. I fokus för analysen står skolpersonalens sätt att beskriva elever och hur elevers behov av stöd framträder. 
Resultaten visar att skolan är mer än bara kunskap. Beteenden som anses vara viktiga för att lyckas i skolan, oavsett ämne, beskrivs relativt utförligt av skolpersonalen i de pedagogiska kartläggningar som har analyserats i studien. Elevernas karaktärsdrag och egenskaper beskrivs utifrån vad de är eller inte är, och vad de gör eller inte gör, på ett kategoriskt sätt.
När det gäller att lyckas i skolan kan beskrivningarna av insatser sägas utgå från ett relationellt perspektiv.  Kartläggningarna vittnar om skolor som aktivt arbetar med att ge elever särskilt stöd genom att anpassa individens lärmiljö. Det framgår dock inte alltid vilka kunskaper eleverna har eller saknar.
Ecologies of integrated modeling: configuring policy-relevance in Swedish climate governance
Authors: Andersson Johan Daniel
Published: September 2023

Due to the long timescales and deep uncertainties involved, comprehensive model-building has played a pivotal role in creating shared expectations about future trajectories for addressing climate change processes, mobilizing a network of knowledge-based experts who assist in defining common problems, identifying policy solutions, and assessing the policy outcomes. At the intersection between climate change science and climate governance, where wholly empirical methods are infeasible, numerical simulations have become the central practice for evaluating truth claims, and the key medium for the transport and translation of data, methods, and guiding principles among the actors involved. What makes integrated assessment unique as a comprehensive modeling-effort is that it is explicitly policy-oriented, justified by its policy-relevance. Although recognized by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change as invaluable to their review assessments, the role of integrated modeling in implementations of the Paris Agreement, such as in impact assessments of climate legislation on the national level, is far less known. Taking as its starting-point the boundary-work carried out in public administration, this paper examines how foresight knowledge produced with the help of model-based scenario analysis has been made relevant in Swedish climate policymaking, focusing on the processes by which key indicators for political action become institutionalized through the choice and use of model parameters. It concludes by arguing for an expanded understanding of policy-relevance, beyond institutional approaches and toward a process-based point of view, treating relevance as something in-the-making.
Evaluating impacts of climate variability on smallholder livelihoods and adaptation practices in the western Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Hordofa Lelisa , Yazew Tamiru
Published: September 2023

Introduction

The objective of this research was to assess the trends and variability in the BakoTibe district as well as raise awareness among rural farmers.

Methods

The sample of homes included 141 out of 29 participants, all from families headed by a female. The Mann-Kendall trend test and the Sen-slope estimator were used to assess the trend of annual minimum and maximum temperatures and seasonal precipitation for the study areas.

Results and discussion

The year, summer, and spring climate variability results were examined, and the CV of spring precipitation was found to be 34.8%, indicating high variability of rainfall. Spring precipitation was more unstable than summer precipitation. Statistically, total annual precipitation, the summer season, and the autumn season all showed positive or no significant trends, while spring and winter precipitation both showed a negative or decreasing trend. The probability of 7, 10, 15, and 20-day dry spells in June, July, August, and September during the main rainy season (summer) was zero. The chance of a 20-day dry spell occurrence was highest from March 1 (61 days) to April 23 (115 days), lowest from April 23 (130 days) to June, July, August, and September 20 (265 days), and highest after the end of September. The dry period lasted 15 days, beginning on March 1 (61 days), ending on May 8 (130 days), and returning to zero from May 8 (130 days) to June, July, August, and September 5 (250 days). The probability of a 10-day dry spell began in March (61) and ended on May 23 (145), with the 7-day dry spell ending on June 23 (160). In this study, annual precipitation and temperature values from 2010 to 2019 were examined. Precipitation and temperature have a positive and significant relationship with corn and teff. Approximately 65.2% of the population reported late precipitation, while 34.8% reported no late precipitation. A premature end to the rains affected the livelihoods of ~73% of those polled. Crop diversification, terracing, tree planting, irrigation cultivation for precocious crops, and non-agricultural activities have all been used to adapt to the effects of climate variability and change.
Models for linking hunter retention and recruitment to regulations and game populations
Authors: McGowan C. P. , Price Tack J. L. , Silvano A. L. , Grand J. B.
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Declining hunter populations across North America present wildlife management agencies with the prospect of declining revenues for wildlife conservation and management and the need for new tools to evaluate management strategies and predict future status of game species and hunters.

Methods

Here we present a modeling framework and potential decision support tool for managers to link future hunter population dynamics to regulatory restrictiveness, prey abundance, and harvest success. Our hunter model is parameterized based on the authors’ judgment and can be used for demonstration purposes. We simulated three scenarios of restricted harvest, moderate harvest and liberal harvest.

Results

Our simulations show that even though liberal harvest predicts higher cumulative license sales revenue, it corresponds with a slight decline in buck abundance over 10 years. In contrast, highly restrictive harvest corresponds with deer population growth, but a near collapse of hunter populations. Our model demonstrates that managers might face tradeoffs between managing for deer population abundance and hunting revenue and clarifies how these factors might affect decision making.

Discussion

The utility of our tool would be dependent on accessing data on hunter retention and recruitment, however, the strength of our paper is in highlighting a new way of thinking about and potentially addressing these potential tradeoffs. Further, these simulations demonstrate that these tools could be used to evaluate management strategies but also highlight uncertainties, establish research priorities, and potentially design an adaptive management framework.
Case report: Primary cardiac lymphoma manifesting as superior vena cava syndrome
Authors: Kassab Joseph , Gebrael Georges , Chedid El Helou Michel , El Dahdah Joseph , Haroun Elio , Kassab Rebecca , Abou Ali Saad , Khabbaz Ziad , Kassab Roland
Published: September 2023

A 64-year-old man presented with symptoms indicative of superior vena cava syndrome. Imaging work-up revealed an obstructing right atrial mass, which was subsequently excised and diagnosed as primary cardiac lymphoma. Post-surgery, the patient showed significant clinical improvement and was started on a chemotherapy regimen with complete remission at 1 year.
Leveraging machine learning and prescriptive analytics to improve operating room throughput
Authors: Al Zoubi Farid , Khalaf Georges , Beaulé Paul E. , Fallavollita Pascal
Published: September 2023

Successful days are defined as days when four cases were completed before 3:45pm, and overtime hours are defined as time spent after 3:45pm. Based on these definitions and the 460 unsuccessful days isolated from the dataset, 465 hours, 22 minutes, and 30 seconds total overtime hours were calculated. To reduce the increasing wait lists for hip and knee surgeries, we aim to verify whether it is possible to add a 5th surgery, to the typical 4 arthroplasty surgery per day schedule, without adding extra overtime hours and cost at our clinical institution. To predict 5th cases, 301 successful days were isolated and used to fit linear regression models for each individual day. After using the models' predictions, it was determined that increasing performance to a 77% success rate can lead to approximately 35 extra cases per year, while performing optimally at a 100% success rate can translate to 56 extra cases per year at no extra cost. Overall, this shows the extent of resources wasted by overtime costs, and the potential for their use in reducing long wait times. Future work can explore optimal staffing procedures to account for these extra cases.
Automatic landslide identification by Dual Graph Convolutional Network and GoogLeNet model-a case study for Xinjiang province, China
Authors: Ma Shiwei , Li Shouding , Bi Xintao , Qiao Hua , Duan Zhigang , Sun Yiming , Guo Jingyun , Li Xiao
Published: September 2023

Landslides are a natural disaster that exists widely in the world and poses a great threat to human life and property, so it is of great importance to identify and locate landslides. Traditional manual interpretation can effectively identify landslides, but its efficiency is very low for large interpreted areas. In this sense, a landslide recognition method based on the Dual Graph Convolutional Network (DGCNet) is proposed to identify the landslide in remote sensing images quickly and accurately. The remote sensing image (regional remote sensing image) of the northern mountainous area of Tuergen Township, Xinyuan County, Xinjiang Province, was obtained by GeoEye-1 (spatial resolution: 0.5 m). Then, the DGCNet is used to train the labeled images, which finally shows good accuracy of landslide recognition. To show the difference with the traditional convolutional network model, this paper adopts a convolution neural network algorithm named GoogLeNet for image recognition to carry out a comparative analysis, the remote sensing satellite images (single terrain image) of Xinyuan County, Xinjiang Province is used as the data set, and the prediction accuracy is 81.25%. Compared with the GoogLeNet model, the DGCNet model has a larger identification range, which provides a new method for landslide recognition of large-scale regional remote sensing images, but the performance of DGCNet is highly dependent on the quality and characteristics of the input image. If the input data quality is poor or the image structure is unclear, the model’s performance may decline.
Investigation of the effects of phthalates on in vitro thyroid models with RNA-Seq and ATAC-Seq
Authors: Nazzari Marta , Romitti Mírian , Hauser Duncan , Carvalho Daniel J. , Giselbrecht Stefan , Moroni Lorenzo , Costagliola Sabine , Caiment Florian
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Phthalates are a class of endocrine-disrupting chemicals that have been shown to negatively correlate with thyroid hormone serum levels in humans and to cause a state of hyperactivity in the thyroid. However, their mechanism of action is not well described at the molecular level.

Methods

We analyzed the response of mouse thyroid organoids to the exposure to a biologically relevant dose range of the phthalates bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di-iso-decylphthalate (DIDP), di-iso-nonylphthalate (DINP), and di-n-octylphthalate (DnOP) for 24 h and simultaneously analyzed mRNA and miRNA expression via RNA sequencing. Using the expression data, we performed differential expression and gene set enrichment analysis. We also exposed the human thyroid follicular epithelial cell line Nthy-ori 3-1 to 1 µM of DEHP or DINP for 5 days and analyzed changes in chromatin accessibility via ATAC-Seq.

Results

Dose-series analysis showed how the expression of several genes increased or decreased at the highest dose tested. As expected with the low dosing scheme, the compounds induced a modest response on the transcriptome, as we identified changes in only mmu-miR-143-3p after DINP treatment and very few differentially expressed genes. No effect was observed on thyroid markers. Ing5, a component of histones H3 and H4 acetylation complexes, was consistently upregulated in three out of four conditions compared to control, and we observed a partial overlap among the genes differentially expressed by the treatments. Gene set enrichment analysis showed enrichment in the treatment samples of the fatty acid metabolism pathway and in the control of pathways related to the receptor signalling and extracellular matrix organization. ATAC-Seq analysis showed a general increase in accessibility compared to the control, however we did not identify significant changes in accessibility in the identified regions.

Discussion

With this work, we showed that despite having only a few differentially expressed genes, diverse analysis methods could be applied to retrieve relevant information on phthalates, showing the potential of in vitro thyroid-relevant systems for the analysis of endocrine disruptors.
Collective forest tenure reform and forest conditions: evidence from the social-ecological system in Southwest China
Authors: Li Wenqing , Chen Jiahui , Wu Fengwen , Zhang Zhiming
Published: September 2023

China’s recent collective forest tenure reform (CFTR) aims to improve forest conditions by devolution of forest management rights from community collectives to individual households. Studies reveal substantial local variation in CFTR implementation, but the ecological effects and underlying mechanism have received little attention. Our study focused on community-managed forests and household-managed forests in four communities located in the mountains of Southwest China. The objective was to investigate the relationship between CFTR and forest conditions at the local scale. We employed a combination of remote sensing technology, field forest observations and socioeconomic surveys to gather data for analysis. The results showed that the forest cover change trends of collective forests and household forests in each community were consistent from 1994 to 2014. There was no significant relationship between CFTR implementation and local-level differences in species diversity and soil fertility in forests. The aboveground biomass of collective forests was significantly higher than that of household forests. Differentiated access and use, low compensation amounts, and loose payment terms jointly affected CFTR’s effectiveness to improve local-scale forest conditions in the study area. Attempts to formalize forest tenure rights must be flexible enough and adapted to the local environment so that changes induced by the CFTR can improve local access to forest resources and its benefits.