bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lésions pré-carieuses de l’émail et traitement orthodontique : ultrastructure, composition, prévention, diagnostic et thérapeutiques
Authors: Goldberg Michel
Published: May 2023

L’apparition de lésions blanches pré- carieuses de l’émail (LPCE) est un des facteurs de risque de traitement d’orthodontie. Elles compromettent l’aspect esthétique du résultat final du traitement orthodontique. La littérature foisonne à ce sujet qui concerne tous les praticiens pratiquant la science dentaire. La connaissance précise de la structure de l’émail permet de mieux cerner le processus de diffusion de la lésion ainsi que définir les possibilités thérapeutiques. Les approches thérapeutiques à l’aide de bains de bouche, d’applications topiques, d’infiltrations par des résines de basse viscosité sont destinées à arrêter l’évolution des lésions amélaires pré-carieuses. En gagnant en profondeur, les lésions pré-carieuses de l’émail deviennent des lésions carieuses initiales. Elles ont fait l’objet de suivi clinique et de thérapeutiques spontanées non-invasives visant à la re-minéralisation des lésions carieuses. Malgré de nombreuses stratégies préventives ces lésions initiales sont encore très fréquentes. Le rôle du pédodontiste est d’inciter à avoir les bons gestes dès le plus jeune âge et d’établir une maintenance avec des fluorations régulières durant le traitement orthodontique tandis
Das Alpha-Gal-Syndrom – eine komplexe Allergie im
interdisziplinären Kontext
Authors: Jappe Uta
Published: May 2023

Das Alpha-Gal-Syndrom umfasst eine um 3–12 Stunden verzögert
einsetzende z.T. schwere Nahrungsmittelanaphylaxie. Diese Latenz kompliziert die
Diagnosestellung ebenso wie die Tatsache, dass das auslösende Allergen
ein Zucker ist, da proteinbasierte Testverfahren negativ bleiben können.
Diese Arbeit beschreibt die Entdeckung dieser neuen Entität, ihre
Ursachen, ihre Risiken und die relevante Diagnostik.
Effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on the intestinal bacterial flora in
Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kusunoki Masataka , Hisano Fumiya , Matsuda Shin-ichi , Kusunoki Akiko , Wakazono Naomi , Tsutsumi Kazuhiko , Miyata Tetsuro
Published: May 2023

Selective inhibitors of sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) suppress renal
glucose reabsorption and promote urinary glucose excretion, thereby lowering
blood glucose. SGLT2 inhibitors have been reported to reduce body weight.
However, the mechanism underlying the reduction in the body weight induced by
SGLT2 inhibitor treatment remains to be elucidated. In this study, we
investigated the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on the intestinal bacterial flora.
A total of 36 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus received a SGLT2
inhibitor (luseogliflozin or dapagliflozin) for 3 months, and the prevalences of
balance-regulating bacteria and balance-disturbing bacteria in the feces of the
patients before and after SGLT2 inhibitor treatment were determined. SGLT2
inhibitor treatment was associated with a significant increase of the overall
prevalence of the 12 types of balance-regulating bacteria. In addition,
significant increases in the prevalences of the short-chain fatty acid
(SCFAs)-producing bacteria among the balance-regulating bacteria were also
observed. Individual analyses of the balance-regulating bacteria revealed that
the SGLT2 inhibitor treatment was associated with a significant increase in the
prevalence of Ruminococci, which are balance-regulating bacteria
classified as SCFAs-producing bacteria. However, SGLT2 inhibitor had no effect
on the balance-disturbing bacteria. These results suggested that SGLT2 inhibitor
treatment was associated with an overall increase in the prevalence of
balance-regulating bacteria. Among the balance-regulating bacteria, the
prevalences of SCFAs-producing bacteria increased. SCFAs have been reported to
prevent obesity. The results of the present study suggest that SGLT2 inhibitors
might induce body weight reduction via their actions on the intestinal bacterial
flora.
Potential Involvement of Organic Anion Transporters in Drug Interactions with Shuganning Injection, a Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine
Authors: Bi Yajuan , Xing Yanchao , Gui Chunshan , Tian Yiqing , Zhang Mingzhe , Yao Yao , Hu Ge , Han Lifeng , He Feng , Zhang Youcai
Published: May 2023

Traditional Chinese medicine injections have been widely used in China for the treatment of various diseases. Transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions are a major contributor to adverse
drug reactions. However, the research on transporter-mediated Traditional Chinese medicine injection-drug interactions is limited. Shuganning injection is a widely used Traditional Chinese
medicine injection for treating various liver diseases. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of Shuganning injection and its four main ingredients (baicalin, geniposide,
chlorogenic acid, and oroxylin A) on 9 drug transporters. Shuganning injection strongly inhibited organic anion transporter 1 and organic anion transporter 3 with IC50 values
< 0.1% (v/v), and moderately inhibited organic anion transporter 2, organic anion transporting-polypeptide 1B1, and organic anion transporting-polypeptide 1B3 with IC50 values
< 1.0%. Baicalin, the most abundant bioactive ingredient in the Shuganning injection, was identified as both an inhibitor and substrate of organic anion transporter 1, organic anion
transporter 3, and organic anion transporting-polypeptide 1B3. Oroxylin A had the potential to act as both an inhibitor and substrate of organic anion transporting-polypeptide 1B1 and
organic anion transporting-polypeptide 1B3. In contrast, geniposide and chlorogenic acid had no significant inhibitory effect on drug transporters. Notably, Shuganning injection markedly
altered the pharmacokinetics of furosemide and atorvastatin in rats. Using Shuganning injection as an example, our findings support the implementation of transporter-mediated Traditional
Chinese medicine injection-drug interactions in the development of Traditional Chinese medicine injection standards.
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Fatigue Trajectories
Authors: Wei Yi Sally , Hnaini Mona , ElAloul Basmah , Zapata Eugenio , Campbell Craig
Published: May 2023

Introduction Children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are at risk of experiencing fatigue that negatively impacts their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This study aimed to assess the association between fatigue and HRQoL, by examining fatigue trajectories over 48 weeks, and assessing factors associated with these fatigue trajectories.

Methods The study sample consisted of 173 DMD subjects enrolled in a 48-week-long phase 2 clinical trial (NCT00592553) for a novel therapeutic who were between the ages of 5 and 16 years.

Results The results of regression modeling show baseline fatigue and baseline HRQoL (R
2 = 0. 54 for child self-report and 0.51 for parent proxy report) and change in fatigue and HRQoL over 48 weeks (R
2 = 0.47 for child self-report and 0.36 for parent proxy report) were significantly associated with one another. Three unique fatigue trajectories using Latent Class Growth Models were identified for child and parent proxy reported fatigue. The risk of being in the high fatigue group as compared to the low fatigue group increased by 24% with each year increase in age and also with decreasing walking distance, as reported by children and parent proxy, respectively.

Conclusion This study identified fatigue trajectories and risk factors associated with greater fatigue, helping clinicians and researchers identify the profile of fatigue in DMD children.
Minimally Invasive Transnasal Approach to the Anteromedial Temporal Fossa and Lateral Sphenoid Using a Novel Landmark between Periorbita and Periosteum of the Pterygopalatine Fossa: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Omura Kazuhiro , Kimple Adam J. , Senior Brent A. , Nomura Kazuhiro , Norris Meghan , Zeatoun Abdullah L. , Klatt-Cromwell Cristine , Ebert Charles S. , Otori Nobuyoshi , Thorp Brian D.
Published: May 2023

The anteromedial temporal region and the lateral wall of the sphenoid can be the site of an array of pathology including trigeminal schwannoma, encephalocele, cholesterol granuloma of the petrous apex, malignancy, infection, and sellar pathology extending to the lateral cavernous sinus. Approaches to this region are technically challenging and the existing approach requires sacrifice of all of the turbinates including the nasolacrimal duct, which can cause postoperative complications.

We describe a novel anatomical landmark between the periorbita and the periosteum of the pterygopalatine fossa (which is located at the inferolateral periorbital periosteal line [ILPPL]). The posterior one-third of the incision line lies between the foramen rotundum and the superior orbital fissure, which is proximal to the maxillary strut.

A 1.5-cm incision can divide the orbital and pterygoid contents and lead us to the posterior inferolateral orbital region, anteromedial temporal region, lateral wall of the sphenoid sinus, and lateral wall of the cavernous sinus.

A combined multiangled approach to the ILPPL will enable us to preserve all of the turbinates and the septum, and the nasolacrimal duct, allowing for the preservation of the physiological function and pedicled flaps, such as the middle turbinate, inferior turbinate, and septal membrane flap.

The ILPPL is a simple, effective, and novel landmark for the minimally invasive approach to the anteromedial temporal fossa.
A Novel Method to Treat Obstructive Eustachian Tube Dysfunction in the Mucosal Type of Chronic Otitis Media
Authors: Bhat Vikram Kemmannu , Kawaldar Shailashree Bheemaraya , Desai Suhas Suresh
Published: May 2023

Introduction  Treatment of Eustachian tube dysfunction has remained an enigma for a long time. Balloon tuboplasty, even though effective, is not considered by many, as it is invasive, expensive, and cumbersome. Hence, we tried to find some simple and inexpensive solution for the same in chronic otitis media. In this background, we evaluated the use of the Eustachian barotubometer to treat obstructive Eustachian tube dysfunction in mucosal chronic otitis media.

Materials and Methods  The pilot study was undertaken in a tertiary referral hospital with 25 cases and 30 controls. Case group patients were administered Eustachian barotubometer therapy along with ciprofloxacin-dexamethasone ear drops and xylometazoline nasal drops until the recovery or up to 10 days. Control group patients received the same ear and nasal drops along with Valsalva maneuver for the same duration.

Results  The recovery of the Eustachian tube was categorized as complete, partial, or nil. It was found that the case group had 60 and 32% complete and partial recovery, respectively, while it was 33.33 and 13.33% in the control group. The recovery was faster with Eustachian barotubometer therapy than with the Valsalva maneuver. No complications were observed with the new procedure.

Conclusion  The Eustachian barotubometer is a simple, inexpensive device that can be used to treat Eustachian tube dysfunction in chronic otitis media. This device is particularly suitable for the peripheral health care centers of developing countries.
Inner Ear Malformations in Cochlear Implantation Candidates at Mother and Child Hospital of Bingerville (Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Tanon-Anoh Marie-Josée , Badou-Nguessan Esther K , Tra Bi Olivier-Didier Zamblé , Assebian-Houenou Corine M.A , Kabas Raïssa Michelle , Langouo Yannick James Tatsitsa
Published: May 2023

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and types of inner ear and/or cochlear nerve anomalies in children who are candidates for cochlear implantation.

Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with a retrospective review of medical and imaging records performed in a tertiary care children's hospital. All cochlear implants candidates under 15 years old with imaging assessment between January 2019 and December 2021 were concerned. The studied parameters were reason for consultation, risks factors, inner ear malformations (IEMs) classified and stratified by sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) degree, gender, and age at diagnosis.

Results In total, 81 children (162 ears) were included in the study. Abnormalities of the inner ear were found in nine children representing a prevalence of 11.1%. These children were aged between 2 and 14 years. The average age at diagnosis of SNHL was 3.5 years. Seven children had bilateral anomalies and two unilateral anomalies, that is, 16 ears presenting 40 malformations. These included 1 complete labyrinthine aplasia (2.5%), 12 cochlear malformations (30%), 1 common cavity (2.5%), 17 vestibular/squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) malformations (42.5%), and 5 internal auditory canal malformations (12.5%). Three ear out of 16 with abnormalities demonstrated a deficient cochlear nerve. There was an association between IEMs and profound deafness, and age at diagnosis of SNHL less than 2 years.

Conclusion This study shows that 11.1% of children with profound deafness have IEMs. SCC malformations and cochlear hypoplasia were the most common. A precise description of these malformations during the imaging assessment is particularly useful for cochlear implantation to better plan this surgery.
The Association of Bedside Nurse Staffing on Patient Outcomes and Throughput in a Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Fundora Michael P. , Liu Jiayi , KC Diwas , Calamaro Christina
Published: May 2023

Health care throughput is the progression of patients from admission to discharge, limited by bed occupancy and hospital capacity. This study examines heart center throughput, cascading effects of limited beds, transfer delays, and nursing staffing on outcomes utilizing elective surgery cancellation during the initial severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic wave. This study was a retrospective single-center study of staffing, adverse events, and transfers. The study period was January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020 with the SARS-CoV-2 period March to May 2020. There were 2,589 patients, median age 5 months (6 days–4 years), 1,543 (60%) surgical and 1,046 (40%) medical. Mortality was 3.9% (n = 101), median stay 5 days (3–11 days), median 1:1 nurse staffing 40% (33–48%), median occupancy 54% (43–65%) for step-down unit, and 81% (74–85%) for cardiac intensive care unit. Every 10% increase in step-down unit occupancy had a 0.5-day increase in cardiac intensive care unit stay (p = 0.044), 2.1% increase in 2-day readmission (p = 0.023), and 2.6% mortality increase (p < 0.001). Every 10% increase in cardiac intensive care unit occupancy had 3.4% increase in surgical delay (p = 0.016), 6.5% increase in transfer delay (p = 0.020), and a 15% increase in total reported adverse events (p < 0.01). Elective surgery cancellation is associated with reduced high occupancy days (23–10%, p < 0.001), increased 1:1 nursing (34–55%, p < 0.001), decreased transfer delays (19–4%, p = 0.008), and decreased mortality (3.7–1.5%, p = 0.044). In conclusion, Elective surgery cancellation was associated with increased 1:1 nursing and decreased mortality. Increased cardiac step-down unit occupancy was associated with longer cardiac intensive care unit stay, increased transfer, and surgical delays.
What happens when a country bleeds soft power? Conceptualising ‘Negative Watch’: towards an epistemology for negative and adversarial place branding
Authors: Durrani Sameera
Published: May 2023

This article contends that the classic public diplomacy model prioritising scholarly research on maximising soft power in the eyes of foreign publics needs to be extended. It proposes a new concept, Negative Watch, which dyadically complements Nye’s in (Ann Am Acad Polit Soc Sci 616: 94–109, 2008) idea of soft power. By extending the epistemology surrounding negative place branding, this paper seeks to expand the debates around it. Where soft power is about accruing power via credibility, Negative Watch maps its loss, approaching it from a communicative dimension. Using a case study approach, the article presents the concept as a model with two key components (1) An index comprising a typology of unfavourable narratives connoting negative affect towards nation brands; (2) a heuristic model outlining a spectrum of outcomes precipitated by reputational decline. The index can be used as a self-assessment tool by a nation to track its reputational erosion, so that it may take measures before it progresses too far down the spectrum of consequences. It can also facilitate systemic assessment of external actors, including allies as well as adversaries, to facilitate strategic decision making within the realm of international relations and public diplomacy.
Designing composition ratio of magnetic alloy multilayer for transverse thermoelectric conversion by Bayesian optimization
Authors: Chiba Naoki , Masuda Keisuke , Uchida Ken-ichi , Miura Yoshio
Published: May 2023

We demonstrated the effectiveness of the machine learning method combined with first-principles calculations for the enhancement of the anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) of multilayers. The composition ratio of CoNi homogeneous alloy superlattices was optimized by Bayesian optimization so as to maximize the transverse thermoelectric conductivity (αxy). The nonintuitive optimal composition with a large αxy of ∼10 A K−1 m−1 was identified through the two-step Bayesian optimization using rough and fine candidate pools. The Berry curvature and band dispersion analyses revealed that αxy is enhanced by the appearance of the flat band near the Fermi level due to the multilayer formation. The magnitude of the energy derivative of the anomalous Hall conductivity increases owing to the large Berry curvature near the flat band along the R-M high symmetry line, which emerges only in the optimized superlattice, leading to the αxy enhancement. The effective method verified here will broaden the choices of ANE materials to more complex systems and, therefore, lead to the development of transverse thermoelectric conversion technologies.
Stability and bonding nature of positronic lithium molecular dianion
Authors: Ito Shumpei , Yoshida Daisuke , Kita Yukiumi , Shimazaki Tomomi , Tachikawa Masanori
Published: May 2023

We studied the stability of a system consisting of a positron (e+) and two lithium anions, [Li−; e+; Li−], using first-principles quantum Monte Carlo calculations combined with the multi-component molecular orbital method. While diatomic lithium molecular dianions Li22− are unstable, we found that its positronic complex can form a bound state with respect to the lowest energy decay into the dissociation channel Li2− and a positronium (Ps). The [Li−; e+; Li−] system has the minimum energy at the internuclear distance of ∼3 Å, which is close to the equilibrium internuclear distance of Li2−. At the minimum energy structure both an excess electron and a positron are delocalized as orbiting around the Li2− molecular anion core. A dominant feature of such a positron bonding structure is described as the Ps fraction bound to Li2−, unlike the covalent positron bonding scheme for the electronically isovalent [H−; e+; H−] complex.
Nonlinear phase shifts induced by pumping spin waves in magnonic crystals
Authors: Haponchyk Roman V. , Ustinov Alexey B.
Published: May 2023

A nonlinear phase shift of low-power spin waves (SWs) induced by a high-power pumping SW excited both inside and outside the magnonic band-gaps of a magnonic crystal has been studied. The magnonic crystal with spatially periodic thickness is fabricated from an yttrium iron garnet film by chemical etching. The results show that the phase shift of the low-power SWs can be effectively controlled by variation of power level of the pumping SW. This induced nonlinear phase shift is weakened if the pump frequency lies in the magnonic bandgap. The data obtained are well explained by contradirectional coupling of the high-power forward and reflected spin waves. A theoretical model for this effect is presented. Our findings are important for the further progress in SW computing.
A topic modeling-assisted diachronic study of “One Country, Two Systems” represented in Anglo-American newspapers
Authors: Chen Fu , Wang Guofeng
Published: May 2023

One Country, Two Systems (1C2S) is a framework proposed by China to achieve national unification of territories with different economic and socio-political systems. This study explores the discursive construction of 1C2S in two representative Anglo-American newspapers from January 1984 through March 2020 by taking a topic modeling-assisted critical discourse studies approach. The findings suggest that the foci of coverage change throughout the years, and the reports present an increasingly negative portrayal of 1C2S and growing distrust in its future through the use of a variety of discursive strategies such as predication, intensification, and normalization. In addition to practical concerns of the U.S. and the U.K., these findings are interpreted with regard to the underlying ideological conflicts between socialist China and the two capitalist Western countries. This study also shows the advantage of integrating the topic-modelling approach into discourse studies, especially in terms of diachronic analysis.
The diachronic analysis of resultative constructions
Authors: Yanning Yang
Published: May 2023

This study aims to illustrate a systemic functional framework for analysing the change of constructions which are inherently form-meaning correspondences. The study first discusses the value of systemic functional linguistics (hereafter SFL) to solving the perceived problems arising from the theoretical model of grammaticalisation. The dominance of grammaticalisation theory in historical linguistics has led some to equate grammaticalisation with language change. However, a systematic exploration of the semantic change is frequently lost in the literature on grammaticalisation. SFL, since its beginning in the early 1980s, has become a leading linguistics school in dealing with semantic and lexicogrammatical changes and the mapping between meaning and form. This study proposes a framework in which SFL theories allow us to address the critical issues in construction change, hence providing mechanisms for the diachronic analysis of both semantic and lexicogrammatical changes. On the basis of the framework, this study focuses its analysis on the change of resultative constructions (hereafter RCs) in Old Chinese and Old English. The diachronic analysis shows that new constructions emerge through a cycle of language change in which the interaction of semantics and lexicogrammar plays a central role. In addition, semantic condensing and compacting are critical steps in the creation of new constructions.
Graduating points of view in Spanish written language
Authors: Oteíza Teresa
Published: May 2023

This paper focuses on some language resources for graduating
points of view in written Spanish language in the field of history. The analysis
is framed in systemic functional linguistic theory, a multifunctional theory of
language (Halliday with Matthiessen 2014), and focuses on the appraisal system, which organises
interpersonal meanings at the stratum of discourse semantics in language (Martin and White 2005; Martin 2019; White 2021). In particular, it considers the coupling
and necessary complementarity of graduation and engagement
subsystems, as part of the appraisal system, for building
intersubjectivity in texts. To achieve this purpose, the analysis explores the
role of the Spanish lexicogrammatical system of modality (modalisation
and modulation) in the construction of dialogicity in historical documents.
Our last Luciferian pact?
Authors: Butt David G.
Published: May 2023

The paper argues for a semiotic – in fact, a grammatical – origin to a profound dimension of the human psyche: William James (1890,1920[1892]) observed how there were far reaching effects from what he characterised as the “duplex self”. This ME/I relation requires cohesion, or co-ordination, much as first suggested by Hughlings Jackson and Théodule Ribot in the mid nineteenth century. The analysis of grammatical equations (identifying clauses) by the functional linguist M. A. K. Halliday can be called upon to show how many important relationships are enfolded in the apparently simple syntax of BE, and of some other cognate verbs. Through detailed exemplification, the paper shows how a double narrative of the “self” is an inevitable consequence of the first person taking on different combinations of grammatical address. This semiotic aspect of the psyche is also discussed in relation to bilaterian or “doubles” in a number of human sciences.
A trinocular view of the auxiliary verb will in
COVID-19 briefings from Westminster and Holyrood
Authors: Beauchamp David , Gardner Sheena
Published: May 2023

This corpus assisted investigation of the auxiliary verb
will examines the various modalities and functions realised
in the register of political briefings given by Scottish (Holyrood) and United
Kingdom (Westminster) representatives throughout the first year of the
coronavirus pandemic.

A trinocular approach is taken to consider the lexicogrammatical
environment of will (from around), the discourse semantics of
will (from above) and the relationship between contraction
and meaning (from below).

Our trinocular approach with a focus on will as
a highly frequent item with great meaning potential has enabled us to gain
insights about the nature of how politicians used modality to persuade, organise
and empathise within coronavirus media briefings and thus shape their public
personas as leaders.
Introverts in the Outdoors: Challenging the Extraversion Myth
Authors: Breunig Mary , Dabrowski Hannah
Published: May 2023

This case study originated from conversations between a professor and a graduate student/ outdoor experiential practitioner discussing her experiences as a self-identified introvert. In contemplating the topic for the ‘whose bodies belong’, case study special issue, the two of us were drawn to think beyond bodies to psychological attributes and personality traits as well. We believe this to be especially important considering the hegemonic ‘extrovert ideal’, which often prevails in outdoor experiential education, casting introversion as inferior. This case study is both narrative and empirical, conceptually exploring the commonly held assumption that individuals with higher degrees of extroversion are better suited to work in outdoor experiential education settings. Introverted outdoor educators experience an array of unique challenges, including the need to act in ways that are contrary to their quieter tendencies in order to be perceived as effective at their jobs and to express themselves in an assertive and lively manner at job interviews to even be considered for a position. Introverts bring to the workplace and work teams a unique set of skills and talents, including great focus and high levels of productivity. This case will explore the topic of introversion/extroversion through narrative vignettes and evidence-based research, offering recommendations for professional practice.

Information

© The Authors 2023
Effects of PMMT on microstructure and macrosegregation of large-sized 6061 alloy billet
Authors: Bao Xinyu , Ma Yonglin , Huang Ruiyin , Liu Yongzhen , Tang Yuanlu , Xing Shuqing
Published: May 2023

The pulsed magnetic field melt treatment (PMMT) was applied in the direct chill (DC) casting of 6061 alloy billets with a diameter of 430 mm. The results indicated that the billet solidification structure was refined and homogenised. The grain size was reduced by 20.4% in the billet centre. Meanwhile, the PMMT can reduce the addition of grain refiner. The negative macrosegregation in the billet centre was reduced significantly. This can be attributed to the melt structure being changed by the energy of the pulsed magnetic field, which leads to the temperature of the melt variation and increased nucleation rate. This study may offer a promising method for the high-quality large-sized 6061 alloy billets preparation with less grain refiner.
The Hands as Reflex Republic
Authors: Edwards Terra
Published: May 2023

Among linguists, psychologists, and anthropologists interested in multimodal communication, much attention has been paid to the motor activity of the hands. Psychologists have treated the hands as a window onto the mind and as a facilitator of thought. Linguists have treated the hands as articulators of linguistic signs, and linguistic anthropologists have treated the hands as an integral part of broader, interacting semiotic processes. This essay builds on these approaches by attending to DeafBlind observations about the communicative potential of the hands. Hands are what you touch when you meet someone, and their texture, temperature, and movements remain available to you over the course of an interaction. From the hands' qualities, the rest of the person and their environment can be inferred. From this perspective, the hands appear not only as a window onto the mind, as a facilitator of thought, or as an articulator of signs, but also as a kind of appendage to the self—like cilia, left out in the world to register the dynamics of social life. This suggests new methodological possibilities for analyzing the motoric activity of hands as a sociocultural and biosemiotic problem.
Critical behavior in the epitaxial growth of two-dimensional tellurium films on SrTiO3 (001) substrates
Authors: Zhang Haimin , Song Dezhi , Huang Fuyang , Zhang Jun , Jiang Ye-Ping
Published: May 2023

Materials’ properties may differ in the thin-film form, especially for epitaxial ultra-thin films, where the substrates play an important role in their deviation from the bulk quality. Here by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy, we investigate the growth kinetics of ultra-thin tellurium (Te) films on SrTiO3 (STO) (001). The MBE growth of Te films usually exhibits Volmer–Weber (VW) island growth mode and no a-few-monolayer film with full coverage has been reported. The absence of wetting-layer formation in the VW growth mode of Te on STO (001) is resulted from its low diffusion barriers as well as its relatively higher surface energy compared with those of the substrate and the interface. Here we circumvent these limiting factors and achieve the growth of ultra-thin β-Te films with near-complete coverages by driving the growth kinetics to the extreme condition. There is a critical thickness (3 monolayer) above which the two-dimensional Te films can form on the STO (001) substrate. In addition, the scanning tunneling spectra on the ultra-thin Te film grown on STO exhibits an enormously large forbidden gap compared with that grown on the graphene substrate. Our work establishes the necessary conditions for the growth of ultra-thin materials with similar kinetics and thermodynamics.
Physical and Kinematical Characteristics of Wolf–Rayet Central Stars and their Host Planetary Nebulae
Authors: Awad Z. , Ali A.
Published: May 2023

We address the physical and kinematical properties of Wolf–Rayet [WR] central stars (CSs) and their host planetary nebulae (PNe). The studied sample comprises all [WR] CSs that are currently known. The analysis is based on recent observations of the parallax, proper motion, and color index of [WR] CSs from the Gaia space mission’s early third release (eDR3) catalog, as well as common nebular characteristics. The results revealed an evolutionary sequence, in terms of decreasing T
eff, from the early hot [WO 1] to the late cold [WC 12] stars. This evolutionary sequence extends beyond [WR] CS temperature and luminosity to additional CS and nebular characteristics. The statistical analysis shows that the mean final stellar mass and evolutionary age of the [WR] CS sample are 0.595 ± 0.13 M
⊙ and 9449 ± 2437 yr, respectively, with a mean nebular dynamical age of 7270 ± 1380 yr. In addition, we recognize that the color of the majority (∼85%) of [WR] CSs tends to be red rather than their genuine blue color. The analysis indicates that two-thirds of the apparent red color of most [WR]s is attributed to the interstellar extinction whereas the other one-third is due to the PN self-extinction effect.
Evaluation of ITER divertor shunts as a synthetic diagnostic for detachment control
Authors: Orrico C.A. , Ravensbergen T. , Pitts R.A. , Bonnin X. , Kaveeva E. , Park J.S. , Rozhansky V. , Senichenkov I. , Watts C. , de Baar M.
Published: May 2023

Reliable diagnostics that measure the detached state of the ITER divertor plasma will be necessary to control heat flux to the divertor targets during steady state, burning plasma operation. This paper conducts an initial exploration into the feasibility of the divertor shunt diagnostic as a lightweight, robust, and real-time detachment sensor. This diagnostic is a set of shunt lead pairs that measure the voltage drop along the divertor cassette body, from which the plasma scrape-off layer (SOL) current is calculated. Using SOLPS-ITER simulations for control-relevant ITER plasma scenarios, the thermoelectric current magnitude along the SOL is shown to decrease significantly with the onset of partial detachment at the outer divertor target. Electromagnetic modelling of a simplified divertor cassette is used to develop a control-oriented inductance-resistance circuit model, from which SOL currents can be calculated from shunt pair voltage measurements. The sensitivity and frequency-response of the resulting system indicates that the diagnostic will accurately measure SOL thermoelectric currents during ITER operation. These currents will be a good measure of the detached state of the divertor plasma, making the divertor shunt diagnostic a potentially extremely valuable and physically robust sensor for real-time detachment control.
Effects of surface morphology and composition of titanium implants on osteogenesis and inflammatory responses: a review
Authors: Ji Zhenbing , Wan Yi , Wang Hongwei , Yu Mingzhi , Zhao Zihe , Wang Teng , Ma Guoxuan , Fan Shiyuan , Liu Zhanqiang
Published: May 2023

Titanium and its alloys have been widely used in bone tissue defect treatment owing to their excellent comprehensive properties. However, because of the biological inertness of the surface, it is difficult to achieve satisfactory osseointegration with the surrounding bone tissue when implanted into the body. Meanwhile, an inflammatory response is inevitable, which leads to implantation failure. Therefore, solving these two problems has become a new research hotspot. In current studies, various surface modification methods were proposed to meet the clinical needs. Yet, these methods have not been classified as a system to guide the follow-up research. These methods are demanded to be summarized, analyzed, and compared. In this manuscript, the effect of physical signal regulation (multi-scale composite structure) and chemical signal regulation (bioactive substance) generated by surface modification in promoting osteogenesis and reducing inflammatory responses was generalized and discussed. Finally, from the perspective of material preparation and biocompatibility experiments, the development trend of surface modification in promoting titanium implant surface osteogenesis and anti-inflammatory research was proposed.
3D printed hollow channeled hydrogel scaffolds with antibacterial and wound healing activities
Authors: Chen Birui , Huang Lifei , Ma Ruisen , Luo Yongxiang
Published: May 2023

The development of hydrogel based scaffold with the capability of enhanced antibacterial effects and wound healing is the promising strategy for the treatment of wound tissues with bacterial infection. Herein, we fabricated a hollow channeled hydrogel scaffold based on the mixture of dopamine modified alginate (Alg-DA) and gelatin via co-axial 3D printing for the treatment of bacterial-infected wound. The scaffold was crosslinked by copper/calcium ions, which could enhance the structural stability and mechanical properties. Meanwhile, copper ions crosslinking endowed the scaffold with good photothermal effects. The photothermal effect and copper ions showed excellent antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. Moreover, the hollow channels and the sustained released copper ions could stimulate angiogenesis and accelerate wound healing process. Thus, the prepared hollow channeled hydrogel scaffold might be a potential candidate for promoting wound healing application.
Contrasting characteristics of atmospheric rivers and their impacts on 2016 and 2020 wildfire seasons over the western United States
Authors: Ryoo Ju-Mee , Park Taejin
Published: May 2023

An atmospheric river (AR) is a strong filamentary water vapor transport that plays a critical role in regional hydroclimate systems. While climate conditions can affect wildfire activities, the process by which ARs are associated with wildfire patterns remains unclear. Here, we characterize ARs in 2016 and 2020, and associate them with fire spread and burned areas along with other climate conditions in the western U.S. We found the record-high wildfire activity in 2020 was associated with hotter, drier, and windier conditions, with its peak shifted from July to August, unlike the climatological fire seasonality in the western U.S. It was also linked to satellite-observed low soil moisture during pre- and on fire season but high vegetation greenness, a proxy of fuel load, during the pre-fire season. ARs were more frequent but weaker in the summer, while ARs were less frequent and short-lived in the fall of 2020 than those of 2016. The year 2016 experienced a ‘coupled’ precipitation-wind pattern (i.e. higher wind accompanying high precipitation). In contrast, precipitation was much lower in 2020 than in 2016, showing a ‘decoupled’ precipitation-wind pattern, particularly in the spring and fall. Under ARs, the contrasting precipitation-wind patterns in 2020 (dry-windy) and 2016 (wet-windy) were more evident. For example, the surface wind (precipitation) in the AR cases was higher by 9% (34%) than in the non-AR cases in 2020 (both years) (p < 0.01) over land. The daily fire activity records demonstrate that long-lived, successive, and coastal ocean originated (centered) ARs with high precipitation help suppress fire activity (e.g. September-November 2016), while short-lived or no ARs with strong wind and little precipitation rather yield fire activity (e.g. August and September 2020). This result highlights how ARs can be associated with wildfire activity patterns during the pre-fire and fire seasons in the western U.S.
Corrigendum: The influence of different air flows introduced on the thermal comfort of car passengers during the cooling period – Numerical Study (2021, IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 664 012112)
Authors: Danca P A , Nastase I , Bode F
Published: May 2023

Please see Article PDF for corrigendum text.
Elucidating the local structure of V substitutes in In2S3 as potential intermediate band material by x-ray absorption spectroscopy and first principles calculations
Authors: Ghorbani Elaheh , Schiller Martin , Falk Hans H , Wägele Leonard A , Eckner Stefanie , d’Acapito Francesco , Scheer Roland , Albe Karsten , Schnohr Claudia S
Published: May 2023

Vanadium doped indium sulphide, In2S3:V, is studied as a potential absorber material for intermediate band (IB) solar cells. Based on electronic considerations, it is usually assumed that V occupies octahedrally coordinated In sites, although geometrical considerations would favour tetrahedral In sites. In this study, we therefore combined experimental x-ray diffraction and x-ray absorption spectroscopy with ab initio theoretical calculations of both

α

and

β

phase to elucidate the incorporation of V in In2S3:V thin films grown with different V content and different growth temperatures. Comparing shape and position of the measured and calculated x-ray absorption edge of V, comparing experimentally determined and calculated V–S bond lengths, and evaluating the calculated heat of solution of V on different lattice sites all indicate that V is incorporated on octahedral rather than tetrahedral sites in the In2S3 matrix. For this material system, the electronic benefit of octahedral coordination thus outweighs the mechanical stress of the associated lattice relaxation. Finally, we studied the electronic structure of V-substituted

α

-

I

n
2

S
3

using hybrid density functional calculations and find that for a concentration of 1.9 at %, V on octahedrally coordinated In sites forms an empty IB isolated from valence band and conduction band (CB). By increasing the V content to 3.8 at %, however, the gap between IB and CB closes, which results in a reduction of the band gap. This differs from the electronic structure calculated for

β

-

I

n
2

S
3

:V and clearly demonstrates that both crystal structure and V incorporation site affect the resulting electronic material properties.
Mathematics of biomedical imaging today—a perspective
Authors: Betcke Marta M , Schönlieb Carola-Bibiane
Published: May 2023

Biomedical imaging is a fascinating, rich and dynamic research area, which has huge importance in biomedical research and clinical practice alike. The key technology behind the processing, and automated analysis and quantification of imaging data is mathematics. Starting with the optimisation of the image acquisition and the reconstruction of an image from indirect tomographic measurement data, all the way to the automated segmentation of tumours in medical images and the design of optimal treatment plans based on image biomarkers, mathematics appears in all of these in different flavours. Non-smooth optimisation in the context of sparsity-promoting image priors, partial differential equations for image registration and motion estimation, and deep neural networks for image segmentation, to name just a few. In this article, we present and review mathematical topics that arise within the whole biomedical imaging pipeline, from tomographic measurements to clinical support tools, and highlight some modern topics and open problems. The article is addressed to both biomedical researchers who want to get a taste of where mathematics arises in biomedical imaging as well as mathematicians who are interested in what mathematical challenges biomedical imaging research entails.
Formation mechanism of inherent spatial heterogeneity of microstructure and mechanical properties of NiTi SMA prepared by laser directed energy deposition
Authors: Luo MengJie , Li Ruidi , Zheng Dan , Kang JingTao , Wu HuiTing , Deng ShengHua , Niu PengDa
Published: May 2023

Ni51Ti49 at.% bulk was additively manufactured by laser-directed energy deposition (DED) to reveal the microstructure evolution, phase distribution, and mechanical properties. It is found that the localized remelting, reheating, and heat accumulation during DED leads to the spatial heterogeneous distribution of columnar crystal and equiaxed crystal, a gradient distribution of Ni4Ti3 precipitates along the building direction, and preferential formation of Ni4Ti3 precipitates in the columnar zone. The austenite transformation finish temperature (A
f) varies from −12.65 °C (Z = 33 mm) to 60.35 °C (Z = 10 mm), corresponding to tensile yield strength (σ
0.2) changed from 120 ± 30 MPa to 570 ± 20 MPa, and functional properties changed from shape memory effect to superelasticity at room temperature. The sample in the Z = 20.4 mm height has the best plasticity of 9.6% and the best recoverable strain of 4.2%. This work provided insights and guidelines for the spatial characterization of DEDed NiTi.
Rail profile matching method based on stepped calibration plate and improved SURF algorithm
Authors: Xu-ang Chen , Yan Han , Heng Deng , Jian-hua Zhou , Chen Li , Xue-cai Yu
Published: May 2023

In order to avoid the calibration plane and laser plane do not coincide and the rail profile is difficult to match dynamically, a stepped calibration plate is made, and a rail profile matching method based on the improved SURF algorithm and random sample consensus algorithm (RANSAC) is proposed. Firstly, a stepped rail profile calibration plate is designed and fabricated, which can directly calibrate the laser plane, avoiding the problem that the calibration plane and the line laser plane do not coincide completely in practical application. In the calibration process, collect the optimal control points and calibrate the image by polynomial transformation and bilinear interpolation, then complete contour rough matching using SURF algorithm. During the SURF algorithm, construct the matching constraint of the center of the orbit waist to delete part of the false matches. Finally, the improved RANSAC algorithm is used to filter the wrong matches, achieving precise contour matching. The experimental results show that compared with traditional contour matching methods, the improved contour matching algorithm has higher accuracy and stronger robustness.
Deep learning symmetries and their Lie groups, algebras, and subalgebras from first principles
Authors: Forestano Roy T , Matchev Konstantin T , Matcheva Katia , Roman Alexander , Unlu Eyup B , Verner Sarunas
Published: May 2023

We design a deep-learning algorithm for the discovery and identification of the continuous group of symmetries present in a labeled dataset. We use fully connected neural networks to model the symmetry transformations and the corresponding generators. The constructed loss functions ensure that the applied transformations are symmetries and the corresponding set of generators forms a closed (sub)algebra. Our procedure is validated with several examples illustrating different types of conserved quantities preserved by symmetry. In the process of deriving the full set of symmetries, we analyze the complete subgroup structure of the rotation groupsSO(2),SO(3), andSO(4), and of the Lorentz groupSO(1,3). Other examples include squeeze mapping, piecewise discontinuous labels, andSO(10), demonstrating that our method is completely general, with many possible applications in physics and data science. Our study also opens the door for using a machine learning approach in the mathematical study of Lie groups and their properties.
The perceived control model of falling: developing a unified framework to understand and assess maladaptive fear of falling
Authors: Ellmers Toby J , Wilson Mark R , Kal Elmar C , Young William R
Published: May 2023

Background

fear of falling is common in older adults and can have a profound influence on a variety of behaviours that increase fall risk. However, fear of falling can also have potentially positive outcomes for certain individuals. Without progressing our understanding of mechanisms underlying these contrasting outcomes, it is difficult to clinically manage fear of falling.

Methods

this paper first summarises recent findings on the topic of fear of falling, balance and fall risk—including work highlighting the protective effects of fear. Specific focus is placed on describing how fear of falling influences perceptual, cognitive and motor process in ways that might either increase or reduce fall risk. Finally, it reports the development and validation of a new clinical tool that can be used to assess the maladaptive components of fear of falling.

Results

we present a new conceptual framework—the Perceived Control Model of Falling—that describes specific mechanisms through which fear of falling can influence fall risk. The key conceptual advance is the identification of perceived control over situations that threaten one’s balance as the crucial factor mediating the relationship between fear and increased fall risk. The new 4-item scale that we develop—the Updated Perceived Control over Falling Scale (UP-COF)—is a valid and reliable tool to clinically assess perceived control.

Conclusion

this new conceptualisation and tool (UP-COF) allows clinicians to identify individuals for whom fear of falling is likely to increase fall risk, and target specific underlying maladaptive processes such as low perceived control.