bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Short-term exercise improves myocardial tolerance to in vivo ischemia-reperfusion in the rat
Authors: Demirel Haydar A. , Powers Scott K. , Zergeroglu Murat A. , Shanely R. Andrew , Hamilton Karyn , Coombes Jeff , Naito Hisashi
Published: December 2017

These experiments examined the independent effects of short-term exercise and heat stress on myocardial responses during in vivo ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Female Sprague-Dawley rats (4 mo old) were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups: 1) control, 2) 3 consecutive days of treadmill exercise [60 min/day at 60–70% maximal O2 uptake (V˙o 2 max)], 3) 5 consecutive days of treadmill exercise (60 min/day at 60–70%V˙o 2 max), and 4) whole body heat stress (15 min at 42°C). Twenty-four hours after heat stress or exercise, animals were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated, and the chest was opened by thoracotomy. Coronary occlusion was maintained for 30-min followed by a 30-min period of reperfusion. Compared with control, both heat-stressed animals and exercised animals (3 and 5 days) maintained higher ( P < 0.05) left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), maximum rate of left venticular pressure development (+dP/d t), and maximum rate of left ventricular pressure decline (−dP/d t) at all measurement periods during both ischemia and reperfusion. No differences existed between heat-stressed and exercise groups in LVDP, +dP/d t, and −dP/d t at any time during ischemia or reperfusion. Both heat stress and exercise resulted in an increase ( P < 0.05) in the relative levels of left ventricular heat shock protein 72 (HSP72). Furthermore, exercise (3 and 5 days) increased ( P < 0.05) myocardial glutathione levels and manganese superoxide dismutase activity. These data indicate that 3–5 consecutive days of exercise improves myocardial contractile performance during in vivo I/R and that this exercise-induced myocardial protection is associated with an increase in both myocardial HSP72 and cardiac antioxidant defenses.
Influence of gender on upper airway mechanics: upper airway resistance and Pcrit
Authors: Rowley James A. , Zhou Xusong , Vergine Isabelle , Shkoukani Mahdi A. , Badr M. Safwan
Published: December 2017

It has been proposed that the difference in sleep apnea prevalence is related to gender differences in upper airway anatomy and physiology. To explain the prevalence difference, we hypothesized that men would have an increased upper airway resistance and increased critical closing pressure (Pcrit) compared with women. In protocol 1, resistance at two points, fixed flow of 0.2 l/s (Rl) and peak flow (Rpk), was measured in 33 men and 27 women without significant sleep-disordered breathing. We found no difference in either Rl (−6.9 ± 5.9 vs. −8.6 ± 8.2 cmH2O) or Rpk (−9.3 ± 6.8 vs. −10.0 ± 11.9 cmH2O) between the men and women. A multiple linear regression to correct for the effects of age and body mass index confirmed that gender had no effect on resistance. In protocol 2, Pcrit was measured in eight men and eight women without sleep-disordered breathing. We found no difference in Pcrit (−10.4 ± 3.1 vs. −8.8 ± 2.7 cmH2O) between men and women. We conclude that there are no significant differences in collapsibility between men and women. We present an unifying hypothesis to explain the divergent findings of gender differences in upper airway physiology.
Temporal aspects of excitation-contraction coupling in airway smooth muscle
Authors: Sieck Gary C. , Han Young-Soo , Pabelick Christina M. , Prakash Y. S.
Published: December 2017

In airway smooth muscle (ASM), ACh induces propagating intracellular Ca2+concentration ([Ca2+]i) oscillations (5–30 Hz). We hypothesized that, in ASM, coupling of elevations and reductions in [Ca2+]ito force generation and relaxation (excitation-contraction coupling) is slower than ACh-induced [Ca2+]ioscillations, leading to stable force generation. When we used real-time confocal imaging, the delay between elevated [Ca2+]iand contraction in intact porcine ASM cells was found to be ∼450 ms. In β-escin-permeabilized ASM strips, photolytic release of caged Ca2+resulted in force generation after ∼800 ms. When calmodulin (CaM) was added, this delay was shortened to ∼500 ms. In the presence of exogenous CaM and 100 μM Ca2+, photolytic release of caged ATP led to force generation after ∼80 ms. These results indicated significant delays due to CaM mobilization and Ca2+-CaM activation of myosin light chain kinase but much shorter delays introduced by myosin light chain kinase-induced phosphorylation of the regulatory myosin light chain MLC20and cross-bridge recruitment. This was confirmed by prior thiophosphorylation of MLC20, in which force generation occurred ∼50 ms after photolytic release of caged ATP, approximating the delay introduced by cross-bridge recruitment alone. The time required to reach maximum steady-state force was >15 s. Rapid chelation of [Ca2+]iafter photolytic release of caged diazo-2 resulted in relaxation after a delay of ∼1.2 s and 50% reduction in force after ∼57 s. We conclude that in ASM cells agonist-induced [Ca2+]ioscillations are temporally and spatially integrated during excitation-contraction coupling, resulting in stable force production.
Biomechanical response to acupuncture needling in humans
Authors: Langevin Helene M. , Churchill David L. , Fox James R. , Badger Gary J. , Garra Brian S. , Krag Martin H.
Published: December 2017

During acupuncture treatments, acupuncture needles are manipulated to elicit the characteristic “de qi” reaction widely viewed as essential to acupuncture's therapeutic effect. De qi has a biomechanical component, “needle grasp,” which we have quantified by measuring the force necessary to pull an acupuncture needle out of the skin (pullout force) in 60 human subjects. We hypothesized that pullout force is greater with both bidirectional needle rotation (BI) and unidirectional rotation (UNI) than no rotation (NO). Acupuncture needles were inserted, manipulated, and pulled out by using a computer-controlled acupuncture needling instrument at eight acupuncture points and eight control points. We found 167 and 52% increases in mean pullout force with UNI and BI, respectively, compared with NO (repeated-measures ANOVA, P < 0.001). Pullout force was on average 18% greater at acupuncture points than at control points ( P < 0.001). Needle grasp is therefore a measurable biomechanical phenomenon associated with acupuncture needle manipulation.
Influence of isometric exercise on blood flow and sweating in glabrous and nonglabrous human skin
Authors: Saad Adham R. , Stephens Dan P. , Bennett Lee Ann T. , Charkoudian Nisha , Kosiba Wojciech A. , Johnson John M.
Published: December 2017

The distribution of the reflex effects of isometric exercise on cutaneous vasomotor and sudomotor function is not clear. We examined the effects of isometric exercise by different muscle masses on skin blood flow (SkBF) and sweat rate (SR) in nonglabrous skin and in glabrous skin. The latter contains arteriovenous anastomoses (AVAs), which cause large fluctuations in SkBF. SkBF was measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and reported as cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC; LDF/mean arterial pressure). SR was measured by capacitance hygrometry. LDF and SR were measured at the sole, palm, forearm, and ventral leg during separate bouts of isometric handgrip (IHG) and isometric leg extension (ILE). CVC and its standard deviation decreased significantly during IHG and ILE in the palm and sole ( P < 0.05) but not in the forearm or leg ( P > 0.05). Only palmar SR increased significantly during IHG and ILE ( P < 0.05). We conclude that the major reflex influences of isometric exercise on the skin include AVAs and palmar sweat glands and that this is true for both arm and leg exercise.
Changes in microvascular fluid filtration capacity during 120 days of 6° head-down tilt
Authors: Christ F. , Gamble J. , Baranov V. , Kotov A. , Chouker A. , Thiel M. , Gartside I. B. , Moser C. M. , Abicht J. , Messmer K.
Published: December 2017

We used venous congestion strain gauge plethysmography (VCP) to measure the changes in fluid filtration capacity ( K f), isovolumetric venous pressure (Pvi), and blood flow in six volunteers before, on the 118th day (D118) of head-down tilt (HDT), and 2 days after remobilization (Post). We hypothesized that 120 days of HDT cause significant micro- and macrovascular changes. We observed a significant increase in K f from 3.6 ± 0.4 × 10−3 to 5.7 ± 0.9 × 10−3ml · min−1 · 100 ml−1 · mmHg−1 (+51.4%; P < 0.003), which returned to pretilt values (4.0 + 0.4 × 10−3ml · min−1 · 100 ml−1 · mmHg−1) after remobilization. Similarly, Pvi increased from 13.4 ± 2.1 mmHg to 28.9 ± 2.8 mmHg (+105.8%; P < 0.001) at D118 and was not significantly different at Post (12.4 ± 2.6 mmHg). Blood flow decreased significantly from 2.3 ± 0.3 to 1.3 ± 0.2 ml · min−1 · 100 ml tissue−1 at D118 and was found elevated to 3.4 ± 0.7 ml · min−1 · 100 ml tissue−1at Post. We believe that the increased K f is caused by a higher microvascular water permeability. Because this may result in edema formation, it could contribute to the alterations in fluid homeostasis after exposure to microgravity.
Invited Review: Pharmacogenetics of estrogen replacement therapy
Authors: Herrington David M. , Klein Karen Potvin
Published: December 2017

There are a number of genetic factors that likely modulate both the beneficial and adverse effects of estrogen. An important domain of consideration is the relationship of estrogen and thrombosis risk. Gene polymorphisms among the key elements of the coagulation and fibrinolytic cascade appear to influence the effects of estrogen on risk for venous thromboembolic events and possibly arterial thrombosis as well. Emerging data also suggest that allelic variants in the estrogen receptor-α may modulate estrogen's effects, especially with respect to bone and lipid metabolism.
Selected Contribution: Association of gender-related LMP2 inactivation with autoimmune pathogenesis
Authors: Hayashi Takuma , Faustman Denise L.
Published: December 2017

Recent results in an animal model of autoimmune diabetes, the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse, suggest a hypothesis to explain the role of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in autoimmunity. The genome MHC region contains immune response genes that are important for T cell education and antigen presentation by MHC molecules. Two such genes encoding the LMP2 and LMP7 proteasome subunits are located in this high-risk MHC genomic region. Proteasome containing the LMP2 subunit is essential for T cell education and proteolytically activates transcription factor nuclear factor-κB. Splenocytes of NOD mouse with marked female specificity for disease expression are defective in LMP2 expression. The spontaneous defective LMP2 expression in NOD mice, which is gender biased toward female cohorts, is restricted to select lymphoid and myeloid cells and is developmentally controlled with lowered LMP2 protein and heightened tumor necrosis factor-α-induced apoptosis. These defects are apparent only after ∼7 wk of age. These data suggest a proteasome role in autoimmune progression, and a gender developmental and lineage restriction of LMP2 expression may contribute to the diverse autoimmune characteristics preferentially observed in female NOD mice.
Intrinsic changes on automatism, conduction, and refractoriness by exercise in isolated rabbit heart
Authors: Such L. , Rodriguez A. , Alberola A. , Lopez L. , Ruiz R. , Artal L. , Pons I. , Pons M. L. , García C. , Chorro F. J.
Published: December 2017

We have studied the intrinsic modifications on myocardial automatism, conduction, and refractoriness produced by chronic exercise. Experiments were performed on isolated rabbit hearts. Trained animals were submitted to exercise on a treadmill. The parameters investigated were 1) R-R interval, noncorrected and corrected sinus node recovery time (SNRT) as automatism index; 2) sinoatrial conduction time; 3) Wenckebach cycle length (WCL) and retrograde WCL, as atrioventricular (A-V) and ventriculoatrial conduction index; and 4) effective and functional refractory periods of left ventricle, A-V node, and ventriculoatrial retrograde conduction system. Measurements were also performed on coronary flow, weight of the hearts, and thiobarbituric acid reagent substances and glutathione in myocardium, quadriceps femoris muscle, liver, and kidney, to analyze whether these substances related to oxidative stress were modified by training. The following parameters were larger ( P < 0.05) in trained vs. untrained animals: R-R interval (365 ± 49 vs. 286 ± 60 ms), WCL (177 ± 20 vs. 146 ± 32 ms), and functional refractory period of the left ventricle (172 ± 27 vs. 141 ± 5 ms). Corrected SNRT was not different between groups despite the larger noncorrected SNRT obtained in trained animals. Thus training depresses sinus chronotropism, A-V nodal conduction, and increases ventricular refractoriness by intrinsic mechanisms, which do not involve changes in myocardial mass and/or coronary flow.
Transplantation of embryonic stem cells improves cardiac function in postinfarcted rats
Authors: Min Jiang-Yong , Yang Yinke , Converso Kimber L. , Liu Lixin , Huang Qin , Morgan James P. , Xiao Yong-Fu
Published: December 2017

Massive loss of cardiac myocytes after myocardial infarction (MI) is a common cause of heart failure. The present study was designed to investigate the improvement of cardiac function in MI rats after embryonic stem (ES) cell transplantation. MI in rats was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Cultured ES cells used for cell transplantation were transfected with the marker green fluorescent protein (GFP). Animals in the treated group received intramyocardial injection of ES cells in injured myocardium. Compared with the MI control group injected with an equivalent volume of the cell-free medium, cardiac function in ES cell-implanted MI animals was significantly improved 6 wk after cell transplantation. The characteristic phenotype of engrafted ES cells was identified in implanted myocardium by strong positive staining to sarcomeric α-actin, cardiac α-myosin heavy chain, and troponin I. GFP-positive cells in myocardium sectioned from MI hearts confirmed the survival and differentiation of engrafted cells. In addition, single cells isolated from cell-transplanted MI hearts showed rod-shaped GFP-positive myocytes with typical striations. The present data demonstrate that ES cell transplantation is a feasible and novel approach to improve ventricular function in infarcted failing hearts.
Fiber architecture of canine abdominal muscles
Authors: Boriek Aladin M. , Ortize Jaime , Zhu Deshen
Published: December 2017

During respiration, abdominal muscles experience loads, not only in the muscle-fiber direction but also transverse to the fibers. We wondered whether the abdominal muscles exhibit a fiber architecture that is similar to the diaphragm muscle, and, therefore, we chose two adjacent muscles: the internal oblique (IO), with about the same muscle length as the diaphragm, and the transverse abdominis (TA), which is twice as long as the diaphragm. First, we used acetylcholinesterase staining to examine the distribution of neuromuscular junctions on both surfaces of the TA and IO muscles in six dogs. A maximum of four irregular bands of neuromuscular junctions crossed the IO, and as many as six bands crossed the TA, which is consistent with a discontinuous fiber architecture. In six additional dogs, we examined fiber architecture of these muscles by microdissecting 103 fascicles from the IO and 139 from the TA. Each fascicle contained between 20 and 30 muscle fibers. The mean length of nonspanning fibers (NSF) ranged from 2.8 ± 0.3 cm in the IO to 4.3 ± 0.5 cm in the TA, and the mean length of spanning fibers ranged from 4.3 ± 0.5 cm in the IO to 7.6 ± 1.4 cm in the TA. NSF accounted for 89.6 ± 1.5% of all fibers dissected from the IO and 99.1 ± 0.2% of all fibers dissected from the TA. The percentage of NSF with both ends tapered was 6.2 ± 1.0 and 41.0 ± 2.3% for IO and TA, respectively. These data show that fiber architecture in either IO or TA is discontinuous, with much more short-tapered fibers in the TA than in the IO. When abdominal muscles are submaximally activated, as during both normal expiration and maximal expiratory efforts, muscle force could be transmitted to the cell membrane and to the extracellular intramuscular connective tissue by shear linkage, presumably via structural transmembrane proteins.
Protective Effects of Methotrexate against Proatherosclerotic Cytokines: A Review of the Evidence
Authors: Mangoni Arduino A. , Zinellu Angelo , Sotgia Salvatore , Carru Ciriaco , Piga Matteo , Erre Gian Luca
Published: December 2017

There is good epidemiological evidence that patients with autoimmune rheumatic disease states, particularly rheumatoid arthritis, have an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality when compared to the general population. The presence of a chronic systemic proinflammatory state in this patient group disrupts the structural and functional integrity of the endothelium and the arterial wall, favouring the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. A significant role in the detrimental effects of inflammation on endothelial function and vascular homeostasis is played by specific proatherosclerotic cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses have shown that treatment with methotrexate, a first-line disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD), is associated with a significant reduction in atherosclerosis-mediated cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction and stroke, and mortality, when compared to other DMARDs. This suggests that methotrexate might exert specific protective effects against vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis in the context of autoimmune rheumatic disease. This review discusses the available evidence regarding the potential antiatherosclerotic effects of methotrexate through the inhibition of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 and provides suggestions for future experimental and human studies addressing this issue.
Dietary Variation in Diana Monkeys (Cercopithecus diana): The Effects of Polyspecific Associations
Authors: Porfirio Grasiela , Santos Filipe Martins , Foster Vania , Nascimento Leonardo França , Macedo Gabriel Carvalho , Barreto Wanessa Teixeira Gomes , Fonseca Carlos , Herrera Heitor Miraglia
Published: December 2017

Establishing dietary central tendencies and extremes remains an important goal of primate research. While habitat differences and spatial discontinuity are well-documented contributors to dietary variation, other factors including polyspecific associations may significantly impact diet through changes in strata use and/or increased feeding competition. Here, we examine polyspecific association with closely related species as a source of dietary variation in a rain forest primate. Diana monkeys (Cercopithecus diana) in Côte d'Ivoire's Taï Forest frequently participate in mixed-species groups. We use data collected over a 5-year period on 4 Diana monkey groups to examine how association affects group diets. Groups exhibited significant differences in association rates with other guenon species, but this minimally influenced diet when food categories (fruit, invertebrates, leaves) were compared: diet overlap of 4 groups across the study period ranges from 90.8 to 98.1%. Examination of species composition within food categories is more revealing: intergroup dietary overlap decreases to 69.8-79.4% across the study period when comparing species contributing to total frugivory and folivory. These data support earlier findings that Diana monkeys maintain fruit-rich diets by competitively excluding sympatric congeners while highlighting that even selective frugivores such as Diana monkeys may exhibit remarkable dietary flexibility. Our study underscores the fact that broad categorical labels can obscure significant dietary differences.
Dynamic Observation of the Morphological Changes in Paraurethral Ducts Infected with Gonococci in Men before and after Ceftriaxone Therapy Using High-Frequency Ultrasound
Authors: Fan Wenge , Zhang Qingsong , Ye Xun , Fan Zhijiang
Published: December 2017

Objective: To observe the morphological changes in paraurethral ducts infected with gonococci in men before and after the administration of the ceftriaxone therapy using high-frequency ultrasound and determine its clinical significance. Methods: Thirty-two male patients with gonococcal paraurethral duct infection were enrolled. Their lesions were examined using an ACUSON X300 ultrasound system before and after they were subjected to ceftriaxone therapy. Results: The paraurethral duct was completely closed 3–4 days after ceftriaxone treatment in 30 patients. Paraurethral duct closure began from the blind end and proceeded gradually towards its orifice; during closure, the paraurethral duct diameter showed no apparent change. These 30 patients whose paraurethral ducts closed were considered cured. In the remaining 2 patients, the length and diameter of the paraurethral ducts showed no change before and after ceftriaxone treatment; one patient was unresponsive to ceftriaxone treatment, and the other had secondary dilatation of the paraurethral duct. These 2 patients were cured after surgery. Conclusion: High-frequency ultrasound enables dynamic observation of the morphological changes in paraurethral ducts infected with gonococci before and after ceftriaxone therapy. High-frequency ultrasound can provide valuable information for incision, drainage, and wedge resection of paraurethral ducts.
Is Central Pancreatectomy Truly Recommendable? A 9-Year Single-Center Experience
Authors: Lv Ang , Qian Hong-Gang , Qiu Hui , Wu Jian-Hui , Hao Chun-Yi
Published: December 2017

Aims: To compare the short- and long-term outcomes in patients with pancreatic benign or borderline neoplasm who underwent central pancreatectomy (CP) and distal pancreatectomy (DP). Methods: The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) single benign or low-grade malignant tumor; (2) tumor conﬁned to the pancreatic neck or proximal body; and (3) tumor amenable to either CP or DP. Short and long-term outcomes, including complications, pancreatic exocrine and endocrine function, and quality of life (QoL) were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Sixteen patients who underwent CP and 26 patients who underwent DP were included. The median follow-up period was 53 months (range 21–117 months). Patients undergoing CP were significantly more likely to experience complications (68.7 vs. 23%, p = 0.003) especially grade B/C postoperative pancreatic fistula (62.5 vs. 23%, p = 0.011) than those undergoing DP. During the long-term follow-up, 2 patients in the DP group developed new-onset diabetes mellitus, but no patient in CP group developed this condition (8 vs. 0%, p = 0.382). Evidence of exocrine insufficiency, including severe diarrhea or steatorrhea, was not observed in either group. Both groups were equally satisfied with the overall health status and overall QoL. Conclusion: CP is associated with excellent pancreatic function but a significantly increased postoperative morbidity and risk compared to DP. Therefore, the indication of CP should be chosen strictly.
Um entre a ética e o reconhecimento
Authors: Venanzoni Thiago Siqueira
Published: December 2017

As análises acadêmicas e não acadêmicas dos produtos audiovisuais buscam tensionar relações postas pelos objetos de formas diversas, e muitas delas se ocupam de uma crítica aos lugares estáveis construídos por percepções condicionadas pelas políticas estabelecidas e pelo que se faz como hegemonia na cena social. Entretanto, ao aproximar certas balizas teóricas na presença da mediação como um dispositivo ético, nota-se a necessidade e, não obstante, o apagamento de uma mesma questão: a noção de reconhecimento. O artigo tem como proposta aproximar os conceitos de ética, moral e reconhecimento como plataforma crítica para as análises dos objetos do campo do audiovisual por meio de contribuições trazidas por Serelle, Fraser e Safatle.
Jovem e consumo midiático: mapeando práticas juvenis das regiões Sul e Sudeste
Authors: Schmitz Daniela , Barbieri Alexia Oliveira
Published: December 2017

Este artigo apresenta uma análise comparativa de práticas de consumo midiático entre jovens das regiões Sul e Sudeste do Brasil. Os dados são oriundos de uma pesquisa nacional desenvolvida entre 2012 e 2015 pela Rede Brasil Conectado, cujo objetivo foi mapear práticas juvenis no atual contexto de convergência tecnológica, cultural e midiática. Discute-se aqui parte de um questionário on-line respondido nacionalmente por mais de nove mil jovens. Na interpretação dos dados, utilizou-se software de análise qualitativa, o NVivo, que potencializou e acelerou o processo. Sobre os resultados, percebeu-se que o perfil dos jovens dessas regiões é bastante similar e que seu consumo midiático, apesar de se assemelhar por um lado, apresenta nuances destacadas nas formas e intensidades desses consumos, dados que serão explorados ao longo do artigo.
La transición de la radio al entorno digital: experiencias y retos transmedia de la industria radiofónica española
Authors: Pedrero-Esteban Luis Miguel , Pérez-Alaejos María de la Peña Mónica
Published: December 2017

Ante la normalización de Internet y los nuevos hábitos de recepción y consumo, la radio ha asumido la necesidad de hacerse presente en el escenario digital mediante estrategias que la hagan atractiva en la pantalla de smartphones y tabletas, dispositivos dominantes en el acceso al ocio y entretenimiento contemporáneo. Este artículo identifica y describe las iniciativas crossmedia y transmedia impulsadas por la industria radiofónica española para adaptarse al nuevo entorno, desde la multiplicación y segmentación de emisiones online y a la carta (podcast) hasta la creación de contenidos audiovisuales que amplían la naturaleza hasta ahora esencialmente sonora del lenguaje radiofónico.
Mídia, música e liturgia: influências interpostas no culto evangélico brasileiro
Authors: Iacomini Junior Franco , Prado Junior Tarcis , Cardoso Moisés
Published: December 2017

A disponibilidade de áudio e vídeo de cultos tem permitido às igrejas brasileiras conhecer e incorporar conteúdos das mais diversas fontes, em especial na música. Tal processo sempre ocorreu, mas acelerou-se com o advento das redes sociais. As tecnologias tendem a provocar mudanças na liturgia, de forma a introduzir elementos estéticos comparáveis a formas modernas de idolatria. A fundamentação teórica toma como referências trabalhos de Timothy Keller (em sua classificação das manifestações litúrgicas), Pierre Lévy (sobre o comportamento de uma cultura diante de novos meios de representação), Alberto Klein (sobre o que ocorre quando as mídias visuais entram no terreno do sagrado) e Magali do Nascimento Cunha (pelo estudo sobre a cultura gospel brasileira). As conclusões apontam tratar-se de um fenômeno ainda em desenvolvimento, mas com potencial para provocar tensão nas igrejas ditas históricas.
Integrated Network as Urban Mobility Solution
Authors: Teixeira Eunice Horácio de S. de B. , Ribeiro Ary De Souza , Amaral Victor Rodrigues do
Published: December 2017

A eficiência da mobilidade urbana em uma cidade visa a garantir acesso ao trabalho e locomoção da sociedade, aumento na qualidade de vida, além de criar maior equidade social. Pensando nesses aspectos, surge o estudo da formação de redes por meio da integração entre diferentes modos de transportes. Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa de campo, realizada para obter a avaliação do usuário sobre a integração dos sistemas de transportes do Rio de Janeiro – trem e metrô com o BRT Transcarioca – a partir de estudos nas estações Madureira e Vicente de Carvalho.
Arquitetura, matéria e historiografia: interfaces entre investigação tecnológica e pesquisa histórica, a partir de tijolos cerâmicos em Santa Leopoldina (ES)
Authors: Florenzano Luciana da Silva , Almeida Renata Hermanny , Angélica Rômulo Simões
Published: December 2017

Considerando a potencialidade do material construtivo como ferramenta para a historiografia, este artigo consiste em análise de tijolos cerâmicos presentes no sistema construtivo de edificações do Sítio Histórico de Santa Leopoldina, no Estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil, protegido em esfera estadual em 1983. Para além da necessidade de documentação dos sistemas construtivos tradicionais brasileiros e da imprescindibilidade de subsídios técnicos para intervenção no patrimônio edificado, aborda-se a importância da investigação tecnológica para compreensão do processo construtivo da edificação. O critério adotado parte da análise física e mineralógica de um grupo amostral e da interpretação desta análise, admitindo a historicidade da arquitetura como ferramenta de conhecimento da sociedade. Para fundamentação teórica, busca-se o conhecimento da matéria prima do objeto de estudo, bem como os métodos típicos empregados no século XIX, para a produção de tijolos cerâmicos. Metodologicamente, a análise compreende a realização de ensaios laboratoriais para caracterização física e mineralógica dos tijolos, cujos resultados são correlacionados à pesquisa histórica da produção de tijolo cerâmico em Vitória, capital do Estado, entre o século XIX e o início do século XX. O resultado consiste em considerações acerca da fabricação dos tijolos cerâmicos em Santa Leopoldina e contribui para a compreensão dos métodos construtivos utilizados pelos imigrantes europeus não lusitanos que, ao chegarem ao Brasil, a partir da segunda metade do século XIX, colonizam o interior do Espírito Santo.
Os sentidos do morar em três atos: representação, conforto e privacidade
Authors: Silva Joana Mello de Carvalho e , Ferreira Pedro Beresin Schleder
Published: December 2017

Tomando a residência unifamiliar como um artefato cultural, produto e produtor de relações sociais, este artigo pretende investigar as noções de representação, conforto e privacidade em suas práticas e materialidades, do momento de sua constituição, na virada do século XX, até suas transformações, em meados dos anos 1920. A partir desse panorama, pretende-se problematizar o habitus profissional e social de arquitetos como Lina Bo Bardi, Vilanova Artigas e Paulo Mendes da Rocha, que questionaram na década de 1960 a domesticidade “burguesa”, propondo um novo modo de vida. Trata-se de apontar as ambiguidades dessa crítica, circunstanciando-a historicamente para, então, assinalar outras possibilidades de construção de diálogos entre os arquitetos e a sociedade na contemporaneidade.
Interferência e naturalidade no par português-espanhol: línguas próximas, contraste e ensino de tradução
Authors: Macedo de Oliveira Bruna
Published: December 2017

No presente artigo, fruto de nossa pesquisa de mestrado, temos como objetivo refletir sobre a proximidade entre o português e o espanhol e seus efeitos para a tradução. Para tanto, discutiremos os conceitos de interferência e de naturalidade e observaremos como estes se apresentam na análise de nosso corpus de estudo, composto por traduções de uma receita e outras duas atividades relacionadas a tal gênero textual. Buscaremos demonstrar como esse trabalho encontra eco em nossa prática atual, na coordenação do projeto de extensão “Laboratório de Tradução da Unila”, realizado na Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (Unila). Por fim, apontaremos para a necessidade de que pesquisas que tenham como base a comparação entre essas duas línguas sejam utilizadas no ensino e na prática da tradução.
O Espaço Disciplinar do Espanhol (EDE) no Brasil
Authors: Cruz Edilson Da Silva , Rebello de Souza Denise Trento
Published: December 2017

Neste artigo, problematizamos a história do ensino e da pesquisa em língua espanhola no Brasil a partir do conceito de campo em Pierre Bourdieu (1983). Denominamos espaço disciplinar do espanhol (EDE) a esfera de produção de conhecimentos sobre a língua espanhola em âmbito acadêmico e universitário no país e retomamos sua formação histórica, considerando o lugar dessa língua em suas relações com a universidade, a escola e a legislação educacional. Em seguida, descrevemos movimentos recentes que complexificam o EDE, ou seja, aprofundam sua identidade disciplinar no campo dos estudos linguísticos e educativos, a saber: o desenvolvimento de linhas de pesquisa voltadas ao funcionamento linguístico; a presença da política linguística pan-hispânica no país; e a aprovação da Lei 11.161/2005. Isso nos leva a refletir sobre as possibilidades de circulação do conhecimento produzido no EDE em um contexto de retraimento do investimento público em educação, crise da universidade e reforma do ensino.
Formas da memória nos queros andinos
Authors: Cordiviola Alfredo
Published: December 2017

Os queros eram utilizados para beber chicha e formalizar pactos em cerimônias rituais pelas elites indígenas andinas na época colonial. Queros haviam sido fabricados durante séculos, muito antes que os incas dominassem a região, e continuaram sendo feitos depois de estabelecidas a dominação espanhola e a evangelização compulsória. Nos tempos do Tahuantinsuyo, a superfície dos queros estava coberta de incisões e formas geométricas; no vice-reino do Peru adquiriram profusas imagens figurativas. Neste trabalho, analisamos a evolução dessas formas e os diversos modos em que esses vasos cerimoniais eram utilizados para evocar os passados andinos.
Utilização de Metodologia Ativa de Ensino nas Aulas Práticas de Anatomia
Authors: Carvalho Cesar Alexandre Fabrega
Published: December 2017

As estratégias pedagógicas adotadas na prática do ensino da Anatomia têm reduzido o processo de aprendizagem à simples memorização da Nomina Anatômica. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de avaliar a eficácia do emprego de metodologia ativa de ensino nas aulas práticas de Anatomia. Utilizaram-se situações-problema para serem resolvidas em equipe formada por sorteio. Cada equipe recebeu um formulário contendo: enunciados de casos, questões e nomes de estruturas anatômicas. Um tempo foi estabelecido para a resolução dos casos. Ao término de tal período, as equipes apresentaram as respostas de cada situação-problema com mediação do professor. A metodologia em questão tem sido adotada há cinco anos, nos diferentes cursos da área da Saúde. Verificou-se ao longo desse período maior motivação dos estudantes na busca ativa do aprendizado, maior índice de presença em aulas, além do desenvolvimento do espírito de equipe. Em conclusão, a metodologia aplicada nas aulas práticas de Anatomia promoveu resultados positivos em relação às avaliações e, principalmente, na aprendizagem efetiva do conteúdo pelo estudante.
Métodos de ensino na graduação de enfermagem sobre uso prejudicial de álcool: implicações na prática profissional
Authors: Maciel Marjorie Ester Dias , Vargas Divane De
Published: December 2017

O presente relato procura refletir a respeito de como vem sendo desenvolvida a metodologia de ensino nos cursos de graduação em Enfermagem sobre o tema do uso prejudicial de álcool. Verifica-se que o ensino dessa temática está atrelado às tradicionais disciplinas relacionadas à saúde mental e à enfermagem psiquiátrica, nas quais ainda prevalece o enfoque psiquiátrico, tendo poucas horas dessas disciplinas dedicadas para o ensino desse assunto, o que é insuficiente para instrumentalizar futuros enfermeiros aptos para atuarem frente a essa questão. Assim, sugerem-se mudanças no modo de ensino e reformulação da grade curricular de enfermagem para que esse tema seja melhor contemplado na graduação.
Uso de questionários no Moodle como apoio para aprendizagem
Authors: Oliveira Elisabeth Andreoli
Published: December 2017

Atualmente uma das grandes dificuldades dos alunos na cidade de São Paulo é a mobilidade, pois diariamente passam em média de três a quatro horas no transporte. O uso da plataforma Moodle permite a disponibilização de textos, notas de aula e material didático de apoio, que podem ser consultados em telefone celular ou tablets. Os questionários têm sido utilizados como ferramenta auxiliar para permitir ao aluno manter um ritmo de estudos e revisar os temas que estão sendo tratados em sala de aula. As questões são formuladas para focalizar a atenção em conceitos oriundos da Física, e o professor pode acompanhar o desempenho coletivo, identificando aspectos a serem retomados em sala de aula, com discussões em grupos, orientadas por ele. Na avaliação do aluno, questões conceituais estão presentes, além das questões tradicionais que exigem técnicas de resolução de problemas. Pretende-se assim trabalhar habilidades de argumentação e dissertação sobre temas científicos, necessárias a futuros professores e pesquisadores.
Estimulando a Interação de Alunos de Graduação e Pós-graduação na Resolução de Casos Clínicos em Odontologia. Um relato da Aprendizagem e Avaliação.
Authors: Taba Junior Mario , Tahim Catarina Martins , Jorge Olívia Santana
Published: December 2017

Com o objetivo de superar as formas de ensino tradicionalmente desenvolvidas para a formação dos alunos de graduação em técnicas cirúrgicas odontológicas, desenvolveu-se uma nova prática pedagógica para aprendizagem e prática avaliativa com a incorporação de estratégias do tipo Problem Based Learning – PBL e One-Minute Paper. Nesse processo, ampliamos a exposição do aluno às mais diferentes situações clínicas e estimulamos a interação entre os alunos de graduação e os de pós-graduação para trocarem experiências e discutirem a solução dos casos clínicos durante a última fase da disciplina no curso de graduação. Neste artigo, apresentamos a experiência com essas estratégias, enriquecida com relatos de alunos de graduação e de pós-graduação.
Arte Marcial Chinesa: cultura e movimento
Authors: Correia Walter Roberto
Published: December 2017

A Universidade de São Paulo oferece uma disciplina de graduação denominada Arte Marcial Chinesa: Cultura e Movimento, que visa a introduzir e a promover o sistema Ving Tsun. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar o efeito de um programa Ving Tsun/Kung Fu sobre o conhecimento declarativo de estudantes de graduação da Escola de Educação Física e Esporte da Universidade de São Paulo (EEFEUSP). Quarenta estudantes de graduação participaram de um programa Ving Tsun/Kung Fu de dezesseis semanas realizado na EEFEUSP. O conhecimento declarativo dos alunos foi analisado por meio de registros orais, dissertações e entrevistas. A análise de conteúdo foi baseada no método de Bardin. Os resultados presentes sugerem que um programa Ving Tsun/Kung Fu pode fornecer mudanças nos conceitos prévios de estudantes de graduação em relação à sua visão sobre o uso de habilidades técnicas de Ving Tsun/Kung Fu, que se deslocam da percepção de usá-las apenas com fins de combate para o uso como ferramenta de desenvolvimento humano.
Variabilidade Espacial e Sazonal da Precipitação Pluviométrica na Bacia Hidrográfica no Rio Piquiri-PR
Authors: Correa Márcio Greyck Guimarães , Galvani Emerson
Published: December 2017

Esta pesquisa apresenta uma análise da variabilidade sazonal e espacial da precipitação pluviométrica para a bacia do rio Piquiri-PR. Por meio da metodologia do ano-padrão determinou-se os anos chuvosos, habituais e secos e escolheu-se 1983 representando o ano chuvoso, 2001 o ano habitual e 1978 o ano seco. Os dados pluviométricos utilizados foram disponibilizados pelo Instituto das Águas do Paraná e a série histórica analisada compreendeu o período entre 1976-2010. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa foi utilizado 73 postos pluviométricos. Mapeou-se a variabilidade espacial da precipitação pluviométrica para as quatro estações do ano (1983, 2001 e 1978) e observaram-se diferenças singulares no padrão de isoietas e a participação da dinâmica atmosférica na distribuição espacial das chuvas na bacia hidrográfica do rio Piquiri, PR. Destaca-se o aumento da precipitação pluviométrica acima da média no outono do ano chuvoso e uma redução considerável também no outono do ano mais seco. Espacialmente percebe-se um padrão de isoietas com aumento gradativo da precipitação em direção ao sul e sudeste e um núcleo de menor precipitação ao norte da bacia hidrográfica, tanto nas estações do ano seco, chuvoso e habitual.
Masculinity, Marriage and Migration
Authors: Lapanun Patcharin
Published: December 2017

This article reviews the literature on masculinity and marriages, focusing on Thai women-farang (Caucasian) men marriages and how these relationships have been conceptualised. The review highlights the shift from emphasising the political, economic and international-relations dimensions that determine marriages to agency analysis, in which individual choices are informed by local and Western cultures/norms, global opportunities and local constraints. While studies have focused on women and their agency, men’s experiences are only beginning to emerge in recent scholarship, indicating both the negotiation and vulnerability of farang men coming from a more advantageous position. Studies of Thai-farang marriages have often centred on the presence of American troops in Thailand during the Vietnam War (1965–1975), while ignoring those that date back centuries. I posit that the history of transnational marriage should be considered in terms of changing structural conditions and that the balance between structural- and agency-centred explanations must be recognised.
Internet Use and Face-to-Face Social Interaction
Authors: Kim Sangmoon , Oh Joong-Hwan
Published: December 2017

Using time-use data collected in South Korea and the United States, this study examines what Internet users would do if they did not spend time online and whether these activities would include face-to-face social interaction, an important condition for a sense of attachment, physical and psychological health, and social integration. In contrast to most previous studies, we attempt to control for unobserved individual heterogeneity by either using a fixed-effects method or identifying random non-users—Internet users who do not go online on a specific day. Moreover, our cross-cultural comparison helps find more generalisable effects of Internet use. Despite the inconsistent statistical significance in the US and some differences between societies, overall, the results indicate that online time displaces time spent on face-to-face interaction with family and non-family members.
From Gurudev to Doctor-Sahib
Authors: Heifetz Daniel Philip
Published: December 2017

The All World Gayatri Pariwar is a modern Hindu movement working to revive ancient Vedic-style rituals. The movement was founded by a charismatic figure named Shriram Sharma, but is now headed by his successor, a medical doctor named Pranav Pandya. I argue that the continued vitality of the movement in the absence of its charismatic founder has to do with the ways in which Pandya’s scientific authority as a medical doctor replaces Sharma’s charismatic authority. By attending to the affective dimensions of these two forms of authority, their differences become less stark and it becomes clear how scientific authority, despite its seeming disenchantment, might retain some of the emotional power of charismatic authority.
Relationships among Leaf, Stem and Root Traits of the Dominant Shrubs from Four Vegetation Zones in Shaanxi Province, China
Authors: Wang Mao , Wan Pengcheng , Guo Jiangchao , Xu Jinshi , Chai Yongfu , Yue Ming
Published: December 2017

Leaves, stems and roots as the main plant organs have specific functions and together modulate survival, growth and reproduction. The relationships between these organs are high research priority, and there have been many hypotheses about the trade-offs between them. However, the results of these hypotheses are inconsistent and confusing. In this study, we examined 15 core traits of leaves, stems and woody roots of 27 dominant shrub species and further tested the hypotheses about the relationships between these organs. Measurements were made for shrubs across 9 sites including desert, steppe, temperate forest and subtropical forest in Shaanxi Province of China. Many significant correlations of different organ traits were found, e.g. nitrogen and phosphorus content showed a significant positive correlation, either within or across organs. Also, representatives of structural traits (carbon content and dry matter content) and mineral nutrient traits (nitrogen and phosphorus content) showed significant positive correlations among the leaves, stems and roots. The results of this study supported the hypotheses that there were significant correlations between leaf and root and between stem and root. Similarly, we found that trade-off between leaf and stem-plus-root showed a significant correlation. Thus, root traits, which are difficult to measure, are coordinated with those of the leaf and stem. We conclude that the leaf component of shrubs is a good proxy for the whole-plant in studying trade-offs and it could provide a convenient way to understand the whole-plant economic spectrum by focusing on the leaf economic spectrum.
Image quality assessment of silent T
2 PROPELLER sequence for brain imaging in infants
Authors: Kim Hyun Gi , Choi Jin Wook , Yoon Soo Han , Lee Sieun
Published: December 2017

Objective:

Infants are vulnerable to high acoustic noise. Acoustic noise generated by MR scanning can be reduced by a silent sequence. The purpose of this study is to compare the image quality of the conventional and silent T2 PROPELLER sequences for brain imaging in infants.

Methods:

A total of 36 scans were acquired from 24 infants using a 3 T MR scanner. Each patient underwent both conventional and silent T2 PROPELLER sequences. Acoustic noise level was measured. Quantitative and qualitative assessments were performed with the images taken with each sequence.

Results:

The sound pressure level of the conventional T2 PROPELLER imaging sequence was 92.1 dB and that of the silent T2 PROPELLER imaging sequence was 73.3 dB (reduction of 20%). On quantitative assessment, the two sequences (conventional vs silent T2 PROPELLER) did not show significant difference in relative contrast (0.069 vs 0.068, p value = 0.536) and signal-to-noise ratio (75.4 vs 114.8, p value = 0.098). Qualitative assessment of overall image quality (p value = 0.572), grey-white differentiation (p value = 0.986), shunt-related artefact (p value > 0.999), motion artefact (p value = 0.801) and myelination degree in different brain regions (p values ≥ 0.092) did not show significant difference between the two sequences.

Conclusion:

The silent T2 PROPELLER sequence reduces acoustic noise and generated comparable image quality to that of the conventional sequence.

Advances in knowledge:

This is the first report to compare silent T2 PROPELLER images with that of conventional T2 PROPELLER images in children.