bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Service Innovations in Health Care Service Ecosystem: A Case Study
Authors: Ciasullo Maria Vincenza , Cosimato Silvia
Published: April 2017

In service economy, scholars and practitioners focus on the development and the appliance of innovative services. The importance of service innovation is rising in many sectors and among different organizations. Several disciplines (e.g. marketing, management, operations research, etc.) focus on this innovation, a concept widely used, but with different definitions. In this paper, service innovation has been analyzed according to SD Logic and a service ecosystem perspective. Literature still call for a deeper understanding of how new or renewed resources’ combination affect the shaping of service ecosystems. To contribute to fill this gap, the study explores the practices that different actors, internal and external to a healthcare service ecosystem, enact to co-create value in novel ways that is service innovation. The paper is structured as follows. In the next section, the main academic contributions on service research have been reviewed, focusing on healthcare service innovation. Follows, the research method and the discussion of research findings. Finally, theoretical and managerial implications have been detailed and an agenda for future research suggested. The paper offers interesting insights to develop new or renewed practices that foster the reshaping and maintaining of a healthcare service ecosystem. Some recommendations are included to support managers in the development of service innovation strategies.
Detecting Violation of Bell Inequalities using LOCC Maximized Quantum Fisher Information and Entanglement Measures
Authors: Erol Volkan
Published: April 2017

The violation of Bell's theorem is a very simple way to see that there is no underlying classical interpretation of quantum mechanics. The measurements made on the photons shows that light signal (information) could travel between them, hence completely eliminating any chance that the result was due to anything other than entanglement. Entanglement has been studied extensively for understanding the mysteries of non-classical correlations between quantum systems. It was found that violation of Bell's inequalities could be trivially calculated and for sets of nonmaximally entangled states of two qubits, comparing these entanglement measures may lead to different entanglement orderings of the states. On the other hand, although it is not an entanglement measure and not monotonic under local operations, due to its ability of detecting multipartite entanglement, quantum Fisher information (QFI) has recently received an intense attraction generally with entanglement in the focus. In this work, we visit violation of Bell's inequalities problem with a different approach. Generating a thousand random quantum states and performing an optimization based on local general rotations of each qubit, we calculate the maximal QFI for each state. We analyze the maximized QFI in comparison with violation in Bell's inequalities and we make similar comparison of this violation with commonly studied entanglement measures, negativity and relative entropy of entanglement. We show that there are interesting orderings for system states.
Influence of Speciation of Thorium on Toxic Effects to Green Algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa
Authors: Peng Can , Ma Yuhui , Ding Yayun , He Xiao , Zhang Peng , Lan Tu , Wang Dongqi , Zhang Zhaohui , Zhang Zhiyong
Published: April 2017

Thorium (Th) is a natural radioactive element present in the environment and has a potential to be used as a nuclear fuel. Relatively little is known about the influence and toxicity of Th in the environment. In the present study, the toxicity of Th to the green algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. Pyrenoidosa) was evaluated by algal growth inhibition, biochemical assays and morphologic observations. In the cultural medium (OECD TG 201), Th(NO3)4 was transformed to amorphous precipitation of Th(OH)4 due to hydrolysis. Th was toxic to C. Pyrenoidosa, with a 96 h half maximum effective concentration (EC50) of 10.4 μM. Scanning electron microscopy shows that Th-containing aggregates were attached onto the surface of the algal cells, and transmission electron microscopy indicates the internalization of nano-sized Th precipitates and ultrastructural alterations of the algal cells. The heteroagglomeration between Th(OH)4 precipitation and alga cells and enhanced oxidative stress might play important roles in the toxicity of Th. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the toxicity of Th to algae with its chemical species in the exposure medium. This finding provides useful information on understanding the fate and toxicity of Th in the aquatic environment.
Effects of Support Structures in an LES Actuator Line Model of a Tidal Turbine with Contra-rotating Rotors
Authors: Creech Angus C. W. , Borthwick Alistair G. L. , Ingram David
Published: April 2017

Computational fluid dynamics is used to study the impact of the support structure of a tidal turbine on performance and the downstream wake characteristics. A high-fidelity computational model of a dual rotor, contra-rotating tidal turbine in a large channel domain is presented, with turbulence modelled using large eddy simulation. Actuator lines represent the turbine blades, permitting the analysis of transient flow features and turbine diagnostics. The following four cases are considered: the flow in an unexploited, empty channel; flow in a channel containing the rotors; flow in a channel containing the support structure; and flow in a channel with both rotors and support structure. The results indicate that the support structure contributes significantly to the behaviour of the turbine and to turbulence levels downstream, even when the rotors are upstream. This implies that inclusion of the turbine structure, or some parametrisation thereof, is a prerequisite for the realistic prediction of turbine performance and reliability, particularly for array layouts where wake effects become significant.
The Transmembrane Morphogenesis Protein gp1 of Filamentous Phages Contains Walker A and Walker B Motifs Essential for Phage Assembly
Authors: Loh Belinda , Haase Maximilian , Mueller Lukas , Kuhn Andreas , Leptihn Sebastian
Published: April 2017

In contrast to lytic phages, filamentous phages are assembled in the inner membrane and secreted across the bacterial envelope without killing the host. For assembly and extrusion of the phage across the host cell wall, filamentous phages code for membrane-embedded morphogenesis proteins. In the outer membrane of E. coli, the protein gp4 forms a pore-like complex, while gp1 and gp11 form a complex in the inner membrane of the host. By comparing sequences with other filamentous phages, we identified putative Walker A and B motifs in gp1 with a conserved lysine in the Walker A motif (K14), and a glutamic and aspartic acid in the Walker B motif (D88, E89). In this work we demonstrate that both, Walker A and Walker B, are essential for phage production. The crucial role of these key residues suggest that gp1 is likely to be a molecular motor driving phage assembly. We further identified essential residues for the function of the assembly complex. Mutations in three out of six cysteine residues abolish phage production. Similarly, two out of six conserved glycine residues are crucial for gp1 function. We hypothesise that the residues represent molecular hinges allowing domain movement for nucleotide binding and phage assembly.
Profil Prodi Ilmu Hadis di Era Globalisasi Teknologi Informasi
Authors: Suryadilaga Muhammad Alfatih
Published: April 2017

Prodi Ilmu Hadis dalam sejarah perkembangan PTKI merupakan prodi yang relatif baru. Dalam konteks tersebut, maka profil prodi Ilha sangat beragam sesuai dengan konteks masing-masing PTKIN. Profil Prodi Ilha ke depan adalah program studi yang menghasilkan sarjana dalam bidang studi hadis dan memilki penguasaan studi hadis secara komprehensif. Seorang ahli hadis harus memahami ulum al-hadis, penelitian hadis dan syarah hadis. Sehingga aplikasinya, pemahaman hadis yang dihasilkan akan menjadi sebuah model yang sangat baik di masyarakat dan tidka menimbulkan adanya kekerasan. Selain itu, terkait erat penguasaan di bidang teknologi dan teknologi informasi, harus juga dikaji secara mendalam melingkupi kajian yang ada oleh ahli hadis selain dengan ilmu-ilmu kemanusiaan.
Epistemologi Hadis (Kajian Tingkat Validitas Hadis Dalam Tradisi Ulama Hanafi)
Authors: Shofiyyuddin Shofiyyuddin
Published: April 2017

Artikel ini mengelaborasi secara mendalam tentang epistemologi hadis dalam presepektif ulama Hanafi, menelusuri tentang kebenaran informasi masa lalu, menelusuri tentang klasifikasi kebenaran hadis dalam tingkatan kebenaran dari yang paling valid ke tingkat kebenaran yang paling rendah.
Penelitian ini secara khusus membandingkan tingkatan kebenaran dalam pendapat para ulama Hanafi. Ulama Hanafi membagi tingkat kebenaran dalam tiga klasifikasi; kebenaran yang sifatnya ilmu al yaqin yaitu kebenaran mutawatir sehingga hadis yang memenuhi kriteria ini disebut hadis mutawatir. kebenaran yang membawa tuma’ninatul qulb, sehingga hadis yang memenuhi kriteria ini disebut hadis masyhur. dan kebenaran yang bisa saja salah atau benar sehingga hadis yang memenuhi kriteria ini disebut dengan hadis ahad.
Hadis Mukhtalif dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Hukum Fikih: Studi Kasus Haid dalam Kitab Bidayatul Mujtahid
Authors: Misbah Muhammad
Published: April 2017

Artikel ini membahas tentang hadis mukhtalif dan pengaruhnya terhadap hukum fikih. Hadis mukhtalif adalah hadis-hadis yang secara lahirnya nampak kontradiksi. Untuk menyelesaikan kontradiksi antar hadis ini dipakai teori ilmu muktalif hadis. Dalam ilmu muktalif hadis, bila ada dua hadis yang terlihat kontradiktif, maka bisa diselesaikan dengan mengkompromikan keduanya (al-jam’u wa al-taufiq), alternatif keduanya adalah metode nasakh, selanjutnya dengan metode tarjih. Bila ketiga metode itu tidak dapat menyelesaikan maka opsi terakhir adalah bertawaqquf. Adapun sampel yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah kasus haid dalam kitab Bidayatul Mujtahid. Hasilnya, adanya hadis-hadis mukhtalif berimplikasi terhadap perbedaan pendapat para ulama.
Thermal Regime Effect on Gas-Transport Lines in the Persian Gulf
Authors: Akbary Hamid , Mousavi Khoshdel Seyed H. , Bolouki Azari Mohammad R. , Saeedi Alireza , Hosseinzadeh Mohammad , Ehsaninejad Akbar , Bahmannia Gholamreza H. , Babu Dasari R.
Published: April 2017

Sea lines transporting gas toward the north (Iran) and south (Qatar and Saudi Arabia) and originating from fields located in the central parts of the Persian Gulf exhibit different thermal regimes. The lowest reported arrival temperatures of the gas were 18 and 11°C for the sea lines transporting gas to the northern and southern shores, respectively. The difference between the two is significant and could radically alter the hydrate-mitigation strategy and the associated economics. Metocean data reported in this study and from previous studies (Appendix A) show that the northern part of the Persian Gulf, which is also deeper, attains a well-mixed state during winter months. During this phase, the arrival temperature of the gas for South Pars (SP) sea lines decreases steadily and goes through a minimum at approximately the middle of February every year. In the southern region, the sea is shallow and water is more saline. Sinking of saline water when exposed to cool and dry ambient winter conditions is probably responsible for the reported abrupt decrease in arrival temperatures in the case of the Karan gas line. The immediate recovery of the same may be caused by the local wind/tide conditions. The likely origins of the observed lowest temperatures in the north and south regions are Arctic winds of short duration and desert winds of fairly long duration, respectively. This study summarizes hydrate-inhibition practices for these sea lines, and indicates a possibility of using the sea lines as “indirect thermometers” to provide important physical oceanographic data for long terms in a limited but economical way with fewer interruptions.
Conical Diamond Element Technology Delivers Step Change in Drilling Performance: Wassana Field, Gulf of Thailand
Authors: Radhakrishnan Venkataramanan , Bujnoch John , Meteerawat A. , Wannaduriyapan P. , Abbasgholipour Ali , Onkvisit Sirikanya
Published: April 2017

The Wassana field is challenging in terms of formation. Past experiences with offset wells in the field confirmed that drilling below 5,000-ft (1524-m) true vertical depth (TVD) is challenging due to the formation becoming harder and more interbedded, resulting in premature failure of conventional polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bit designs. Several bit designs were tested, but most of the cutting structures were damaged when drilling below 5,000-ft (1524-m) TVD. The best strategy to optimize drilling performance in the Wassana field is to identify a suitable bit design with a durable cutting structure, which can drill beyond 5,000 ft (1524 m).

To meet the operator's goals, the service company proposed drilling the section with a new-technology bit that uses conical diamond elements (CDEs) on the bit blade with a rotary steerable system. The goals were to achieve the directional objectives in the shallow interval and successfully drill beyond the harder interval (8,000 ft TVD) down to TD. The rock strength of the formation ranges from 12,000 to 15,000 psi.

The PDC bit has CDEs with an ultrathick synthetic diamond layer, which provides extra durability for drilling at higher rate of penetration (ROP). This bit can withstand more weight on bit compared with conventional PDC bits of the same size, resulting in additional mechanical energy to penetrate the formation more efficiently. The CDEs protect the PDC bit by making it more stable, resulting in better tool face control. The 8½-in. directional section was successfully drilled to 11,200-ft 3414-m MD, which was the longest interval in the field. The strategically placed CDEs on the bit blades in conjunction with conventional PDC cutters not only increased the point loading but also enabled smoother torque control, leading to better steerability and durability. None of the offset wells achieved the feat of drilling more than 7,500 ft (2,286 m). The bit achieved the operator's goal of drilling 9,690ft [2954-m] and 10,043-ft [3061-m] MD. This result not only saved a trip but enabled the operator to gain confidence in redesigning the well profile with a greater measured depth. The operator accepted the fact that the bits with CDEs are more durable and also able to achieve the directional profiles better than conventional PDC bits. As a result, the operator changed the drilling strategy to drill longer intervals in the 8½-in. section. This strategy will increase drilling efficiency and lower the drilling risk of planning for more trips. The subsequent wells were planned using the same bit with CDEs to minimize the number of runs.
Transition from Gas Lift to Electric Submersible Pump in Wells with High Gas Volume Fraction - Avenues for Profitability in Challenging Markets - A Novel Case Study of an Indian Offshore Field
Authors: Goel Prasant , Kumar A , Duara H , Mandal T K , Rao K R , Manchalwar V V
Published: April 2017

27 gas lift wells of an Indian Offshore field were studied for feasibility of conversion of Gas lift mode to ESP. The wells have good productivity indices ranging from 1 barrel /day/psi to 6.9 barrel /day /psi. However, the production challenge was to operate these wells in a region where bubble point pressure was higher than the formation pressure itself and thus posed problem of gas evolution at the wellbore. During ESP operation in High Gas Volume Fraction (GVF) regions, extreme difference in the densities of the liquid and gas lead to a low pressure area in the Impeller during the pumping operation across the stages of ESP, resulting in gas accumulation. Free gas in these stages displaces liquid and lowers down the volumetric efficiency of the pump. In the past, 13 offshore wells were installed with ESP and many of these ESPs failed. Their failure analysis was used as a guiding light for designing successful ESP solution for other 27 candidate wells of the same Offshore field. Different methods & practices for handling gassy wells were studied and their application was analyzed. This study was aimed at finding solutions to mitigate the effect of gas interference in ESP while enhancing the production from the wells. Moreover, the paper also draws a strategy for future ESP pilot projects in high GVF fields.
Effective use of Chemicals to Increase Production in a Mature Asset
Authors: Fartiyal Prashant , Tiwari Amitosh , Malik Ankit , Manickavasagam Chandran , Sharma Neel Mani , Lele Sarang
Published: April 2017

Declining reservoir pressure, increasing water cuts along with dwindling well counts pose a serious challenge to any mature oil and gas field in sustaining production. In low oil price scenarios, enhancing production using conventional approaches like workover and interventions becomes challenging due to associated costs. This provided an opportunity to look for alternate approaches that are cost-effective and would help to manage these issues on a continuous basis. This paper presents techniques for augmenting productivity of well stock by mitigating a range of issues causing production losses using cost effective, easy to implement chemical based techniques. These techniques have helped the asset to significantly arrest its production decline in the late life phase.

This paper details the approach for identification of issues, selection and field implementation of right chemicals and the benefits that were realized from such applications. Case studies from BG Exploration and Production India Limited (BGEPIL) operated field in Mumbai offshore region are incorporated in this paper to highlight the effectiveness of chemical based approach in mitigating losses right from reservoir to processing platform. Some of the production issues in this mature field which have been successfully resolved using chemical based techniques are: Reservoir:○Loss of well stock due to Downhole emulsion issueWell:○Calcite Scaling deposition in wells and topsides○Liquid loading of High Gas Liquid Ratio wellsPipelines:○Back Pressure on wells due to Pipeline size limitationProcessing Facilities:○Deterioration in Heat Exchanger performance due to fouling

Process adopted includes field data acquisition, analysis using real time state-of-the-art network and process models to identify the root cause of these issues. Results from both steady state and transient models were used to select the appropriate chemicals, conduct field trials / implementation and set the success KPI's accordingly. This paper offers a holistic approach on resolving each of the discussed production issues utilizing the best available technology in the market. Trials and implementation of the various chemicals in the field have added a significant value to the asset; both by protecting and enhancing the current production. More than 20% of current field production is directly attributed to these chemical applications and expected to add more share of production in a far more challenging phase of mature asset.

The approach discussed here for each of such production issues along with the challenges that were faced during implementation will enable other assets to tackle these problems with a more cost effective and easy to implement solutions especially in low oil price environment.
The First Application of Specialty Sand Screens in Combination with Fully Integrated ESP Technology in the Nong Yao Field, Gulf of Thailand
Authors: Chigbo I. T. , Opdal S. T. , Tarasombut P. , Gordon G. , Rekijtisirikul N. , Duangprasert T. , Ridho M. , Roumi M. , Woiceshyn G. E. , Wells D. G.
Published: April 2017

The production strategy in the Nong-Yao field considered the unconsolidated nature of the reservoirs and an effective drawdown strategy given the use of Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) for artificial lift. The particle size distribution analysis demonstrated a broad range of sand grain size that would ideally require sand control methods like gravel packing which was not preferred due to cost and complexity. A simpler and cost-effective solution using an advanced sand screen technology was implemented. Applying a minimum drawdown across horizontal inflow across the sand face via gradual increase of ESP frequency was initially adopted to complement the use of screen only completion.

The specially designed sand screen with compressed metal-wool was installed in 14 wells in the Nong Yao field. All wells were completed with ESP for artificial lift. After one year of production, the wells have produced sand free with no sand observed at surface, even though some wells are high water-cuts and ESP frequencies have been ramped up. Analysis performed using downhole ESP pressure data indicate very low draw-down across the sand face, suggesting no issues with downhole plugging of the screens. This observation shows that the implemented completion design, along with the production start-up strategy is working well. This same strategy is being applied in the next phase of the field development.

This is the first application of the compressed metal-wool sand screen in the Gulf of Thailand. The analysis and deployment of this sand control method to fit the reservoir sand characteristics, in combination with artificial lift and production strategy to meet operational challenges, to reduce development cost and to achieve production performance. The success achieved with this in the Nong Yao field could be extended to other marginal field developments, which have similar sand face completion challenges.
Uncertainty Mitigation Using Data Acquisition in Volcanic Reservoirs
Authors: Gupta A. K. , Sabharwal V. , Kumar R. , Mund B. , Beohar A. , Saurav S. , Shankar P. , Tiwari S.
Published: April 2017

The Raageshwari Deep Gas Field (RDG), Barmer Basin, India, is a thick (~900m gross), low permeability (0.01-1md) gas condensate field (CGR: ~70 STB/MMscf). The pay-zone consists of a poorly sorted sandstone interval on top of stacked succession of volcanic lava flow cycles. The field is being developed through multi-stage hydraulic fracture stimulations to allow production at economical rates. Recently two hydraulic fracturing campaigns comprising of 125 stages in 20 wells were successfully completed which have resulted in significant improvement in well productivity. This paper highlights the integrated workflow applied in a volcanic reservoir to reduce subsurface uncertainty and value addition in optimizing hydraulic fracturing operation.

To account for the complexity associated with volcanic rocks, a fit for purpose integrated petrophysical and geomechanical workflow was developed using a basic wireline logs, processed NMR, dipole sonic and image log analysis. The model was calibrated with dynamic data especially diagnostic fracture injection test (DFIT), pressure build up and production logging tool (PLT) analysis. The final calibrated model was used to identify the net reservoir packets along the well length, which further helped to identify the optimum locations to create hydraulic fractures. A typical log motif generated using the integrated model is given in Figure-1.

As seen on the generic log in Figure-1, net reservoir intervals are in multiple packets of varying thickness contained throughout the thick gross reservoir package. Connecting maximum net reservoir packets through hydraulic fractures is critical for maximizing the well productivity and EUR. The limited entry fracturing technique (Lagrone and Rasmussen, 1963) was used to connect the maximum net reservoir with a fewer number of stages and a lower cost. Extensive data acquisition (extended DFIT, formation wise testing, PVT sampling, PLT and pressure build-up) was carried out to increase reservoir understanding followed by detailed subsurface modeling.

The extensive data acquisition programme was successful in reducing a number of uncertainties, including: reservoir information, effective fracture parameters and presence of natural fractures. The key outcomes from the two frac/data acquisition campaigns are as follows: The integrated petrophysical and geomechanical model enabled us to improve the net connected reservoir by 65% in the volcanic sectionsThe optimisation of the number of frac stages and their costAn improved subsurface understanding in well deliverability, frac conductivity, half-length and frac heightConfirmation of gas contribution from each perforation and the establishment of deeper gas which validated petrophysical payA new, more accurate, poro-perm transform calibrated with permeability estimation using DFIT and pressure build upA better subsurface understanding which supports higher estimates of GIIP and EUR
Effect of Reservoir Heterogeneities and Model Uncertainties on Prediction Versus Actual Field Behavior- A Case Study
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Shankar Vivek , Batra Surseh K. , Kumar Atul
Published: April 2017

A case study on the effect of reservoir heterogeneities and reservoir model uncertainties on prediction versus actual field behavior and efforts being taken to improve oil recovery in Bhagyam field is presented in this paper.

Bhagyam field is the second largest onshore oil field in RJ-ON-90/1 block, Rajasthan India. The main reservoir has large variations in rock and fluid characteristics. The reservoir porosity range between 20% to 30%, and the maximum in-situ permeability ranges up to 30 Darcies, although the average permeability is 3 Darcy. The in-situ viscosity of crude oil ranges between 20 and 400 cP. The commercial production from the field started in 2012 at an initial rate of 15,000 bopd; the field attained production of ~25,000 bopd, although the envisaged production was 40,000 bopd as per the Field Development Plan (FDP). Based on the drilling and production performance of wells, a significant gap between actual and reservoir model based predictions was observed due to various reservoir uncertainties and complexities. Some of the key factors impacting the overall performance include lower effective permeability, higher oil viscosity, lower transmissibility, and wellbore issues.

Based on the large gap observed between predicted and actual field data, it was estimated that a much denser well spacing was required to achieve recovery estimated in the Field Development Plan. Coupled with a very unfavorable mobility ratio (due to the high in-situ oil viscosity), the water breakthrough was more rapid and widespread early in the production life of the field. Therefore, it was not possible to achieve the peak production rate and recovery in the FDP, even with the drilling of additional wells. The oil production has continued to decline with increase in water cut.

The field is currently producing around 14,000 BOPD with 88% water cut. The reservoir pressure is being maintained through current average water injection of more than 100,000 barrels per day. As of the time of writing, approximately 7% of the initial oil in place has been produced from the field. In order to maximize incremental oil recoveries over waterflood recoveries through improvement in sweep efficiency, various reservoir studies have been carried out to evaluate the feasibility and benefits of implementing a suitable chemical EOR technique in the field.

The case study is a useful reminder of how heterogeneity and reservoir complexity can affect field development plans and how active reservoir management and production optimization can add significant value to field understanding and value.
Data Integration Helps in Identifying New Waterflood Opportunities in Western Desert, Onshore Field
Authors: Choudhary Manish , Nair Saritha , Pal Sabysachi , Munimandha Amuktha , Kohli Abhinandan , Nirmohi Samiksha , Gupta Shyam , Jain Sid
Published: April 2017

Integrated analysis of data together with fit-for-purpose modelling can help in fast track maturation of opportunities. In 2012, an opportunity to increase oil by implementing waterflood was identified, and last year was further reviewed by Shell. An integrated approach helped the team to mature ten development wells within three months which were subsequently drilled and helped the operator to surpass their production targets.

The field located in Western Desert, Egypt comprises of an Upper Cretaceous tidal channel system across four key reservoirs where sand thickness ranges between 2-15 m. Large uncertainties in reservoir extent, architecture and properties required the integration of data across multiple disciplines for identifying new development wells.

It was recognized early on that the construction of full-field fine-scale static models would be time-consuming and hence a simplified fast-track approach was used for maturing the opportunity. Conceptual depositional models were built by integrating dipmeter data, image logs and core facies descriptions to understand the direction of continuity of tidal channels, tidal bars and mud flats.

Net sand thickness maps were then constructed to represent the conceptual depositional model and integrated with the production behaviour of the wells. Production from historical wells drilled up to 2012 caused non-uniform pressure depletion across reservoirs. The pressure data from Modular Dynamic Tester (MDT), along with the production-injection history, was reviewed to identity both areal and vertical stratigraphically connected areas which were incorporated in the net sand maps. The constructed maps were quality checked with pressure and production data so as to validate the range of in-place volumes. Net sand maps, porosity maps and saturation models were combined to generate Hydrocarbon Pore Volume (HCPV) maps used to identify new well opportunities.

Separate sector models were also constructed to evaluate the waterflood and to optimise the decision parameters like injector-producer spacing, injection rates, voidage replacement ratio and target reservoir pressure. A range of type curves were generated from Monte Carlo simulation runs for all key sub-surface uncertainties then was used to estimate the low, base and high case recoverable volumes for the identified well locations and patterns.

The identified wells were drilled between February and August 2015 and helped increase production rates of the field by over 5,000 stb/d.A fit-for-purpose modelling using sand maps and connectivity maps can often greatly help in fast-tracking opportunity maturation and fine-scale detailed simulation modelling may not provide additional value.
A Practical Solution to Overcome Challenges in Unconventional Reservoir Simulation and History Matching Using Integrated Petrophysical and Facies Modeling Approach
Authors: Saikia Kalyan , Baruah Chinmay
Published: April 2017

In an unconventional reservoir, a thorough understanding of the spatial distribution of the physical properties of rocks, in terms of facies, porosity, and permeability, is essential for realistic dynamic reservoir simulation and history matching. This paper provides a practical solution for enhanced reservoir performance analysis, combining the results of geological interpretation, 3D geostatistical electrofacies modeling, and flow simulation in an unconventional Eagle Ford shale play. The first step of the integrated approach is the application of hierarchical clustering methods to identify electrofacies groups using log curves. Next, electrofacies are converted into lithofacies through an analysis of core data. The 3D lithofacies and petrophysical distribution model is then created using stochastic geostatistical techniques. In the reservoir simulation step, the discretized facies model is constrained to assign geomechanical properties. Thus, a realistic fracture model is generated with a proper definition of fracture characteristics to control flow simulation and to enable better history matching. The solution presented in this paper provides an objective means of using the integrated approach in an accurate definition of fracture properties, in terms of length and orientation, for reservoir simulation and production forecasting in unconventional reservoirs.
Sidetracking of Peripheral Injector for Tapping Bypassed Oil: Case Study from a Matured Carbonate Reservoir of Mumbai High Field
Authors: Ray Suhrita , Bagchi Prodip , Medhekar S. D.
Published: April 2017

In the 3rd Phase of redevelopment scheme of the northern part of the Mumbai High Field the focus has been on exclusive development of "U1" i.e. the topmost layer of L-III reservoir, mainly in the western flank area through drilling new wells and side-tracks.

Among the multi-layered accumulation of L-III reservoir, U1 is the most prolific layer with good hydrocarbon facies development in the western flank and holding the highest hydrocarbon in place of L-III. U1 layer is well established in areal extent along the western part of MHN structure bounded by GOC in the east and OWC in the west. Presence of large scale bypassed oil in U1 layer in the western flanks have been appraised through production of infill wells drilled under U1 additional development scheme in the past.

Review of water injection for U1 layer was carried out based on water cut trends and flood front movement in the reservoir. With the help of dynamic production data and saturation maps as generated from simulation model, bypassed oil opportunities were obtained in U1 layer in the western flank. Formation evaluation study based on electro-log records in the nearby wells also showed significant oil saturations in U1 layer. Based on these detailed studies, injector well ‘WI-X’ from WI platform (located in the western periphery of the field) was identified as a candidate for side-track as a horizontal producer in U1 layer. Further, analyzing nearby wells' production vis-à-vis injection scenario the location was optimized and decided to side-track keeping a distance of around 800-900 m away from the flooded area of the injector well ‘WI-X’. This would ensure in avoiding early breakthrough of injection water and optimize the well location in the relatively un-drained area. After side-tracking and initial testing, the well came up with 600 bopd with 70% of water cut. This well has also been completed with intelligent completion with a view to manage water cut in the well owing to its proximity to water injection platform.

The present study highlights the importance of identifying bypassed oil opportunities contained in thin oil layers like U1. It also signifies the importance of application of integrated methodology viz. dynamic production data, simulation model results and well logs analysis to enable a definitive identification of such locations.
A Workflow to Model Performance of Low Permeability Reservoirs for Devising Most Optimal Development Strategy Using Rate Transient Analysis and Single Well Modeling
Authors: Sharma Shivam , Batshas Siddhanta , Joshi Sameer , Reddy Vinil , Chhabra Sameer , Sastry Bharath , Subrahmanyam P
Published: April 2017

Modern advancements in technologies pertaining to the drilling of horizontal well and multi stage hydraulic fracturing have made it possible to get significant hydrocarbon production even from extreme low permeability formations. However, correct evaluation of the economics of the project is becoming increasingly essential before committing to any big investment. In this scenario, production forecasting based on reservoir simulation plays an important role by not only evaluating the economic feasibility of the project, but also helping in the selection of the most optimal development strategy. In this paper, a workflow has been demonstrated that proved useful in addressing such challenges related to the tight reservoirs (permeability less than ~2mD).

The methodology adopted in this study can be divided into two parts. The first part involves data preparation for single well numerical modeling similar to Daungkaew et al (2008) and Kumar et al (2008). This includes building a petrophysical model based on the mineralogy characterization and also carrying out Rate Transient Analysis (RTA) for permeability estimation using the data acquired from an existing well (Pan et al, 2011). RTA is preferred over the conventional buildup analysis as it does not require shutting of the well. The second part of the workflow involves creation of a numerical model based on the petrophysical, PVT and SCAL data. Hydraulic fracture (if present) is modeled by editing the permeability of the grid cells falling under the fracture geometry. The model is calibrated with the production data after initializing with the pressure and fluid contacts. The history matched model is then used to generate production forecasts of multiple scenarios including horizontal well with multiple stages of fracturing and sensitivities can be made with respect to drainhole length, fracture stages etc. Furthermore, economic analysis can be carried out to select the most economically viable case.

The proposed workflow has been applied in one of the low permeability oil field in India. The permeability derived from RTA was in close agreement with the core results. This workflow was used to generate production forecasts for multiple development scenarios. It was used to optimize the number of fracture stages, keeping the drainhole length constant.

In this paper, a novel approach is discussed that combines the RTA and single well numerical modeling technique to evaluate different strategies of producing from a tight reservoir. Based on the economic analysis then, one can maximize the return.
Getting Past the Deepest Barrier Using Plasma Based Punctures: A Case Study on the Mature Panna Field, Western Offshore, India
Authors: Abbasi Shariq , Tyagi Chirag , Chakrabarty Toushar
Published: April 2017

Panna field is located in the western offshore region of India and produces oil and gas from Middle Eocene and Early Oligocene Bassein limestone. Production is taken mostly through 3 ½" or 4 ½" tubing through a packer set in 7″ liner. The Panna-Mukta-Tapti Joint Venture (PMT JV) took up a plan to revive wells addressing well integrity issues and limitations associated with old completion jewelry for increasing the production.

Work-over campaign was planned for four wells on PB and three wells on PC platform to enhance production. The plan was to cut and retrieve the old completion and tubing above the 7″ permanent packer and install improved completion, having facilities of Permanent Down Hole Gauges (PDHG), Gas Lift Mandrel (GLM) and Chemical Injection Mandrel (CIM) through an additional packer set in 9-5/8″ casing.

In line with two barrier philosophy, two plugs were set inside the production tubing, one at TRSSV (shallow-set) and another one below the production packer (deep-set). The plug below the production packer doubled-up to also hold back the workover fluid, which may have hampered the productivity of an already sub-hydrostatic reservoir, if losses occurred. However, at the end of workover operations, the retrieval of this deep set plug could not be done even after various attempts and spending valuable rig time. This problem was faced with three out of the first four wells, which proved to be a challenge and forced the team to devise a new strategy for remaining wells.

At this point, an ingenious solution was devised to employ Plasma Based Punctures (PBP) to puncture the tubing in the limited space between the packer and the deep set plug to kick back the wells into production. Rig based PBP operations were carried out on two PC wells and Rig less PBP operations were carried out on three PB wells to get them online post work over operation. This resulted in saving several hours of rig time as the deep set plugs could not be retrieved in the conventional planned slick line operations.

This paper intends to highlight the challenges faced, and how PBP proved to be the optimum solution, by simplifying operations and ensuring the timely delivery of production.

The PBP operations proved viable through savings on energy, resources, time and cost associated with work-over jobs. The potential savings were roughly 780,000 bbls of oil which were significant for the aging asset. It is therefore, a potent alternative to other costly solutions in a scenario that often fails to deliver objectives, as happened in this campaign.
Fluid Type Identification in Carbonate Reservoir Using Advanced Statistical Analysis
Authors: Yu Hongyan , Wang Zhenliang , Rezaee Reza , Liu Xi , Zhang Yihuai , Imokhe Omolegho
Published: April 2017

Fluid type identification in the carbonate reservoirs is always a challenge work due to the heterogeneous composition. The normal resistivity well logging data cannot separate gas and water formation for such complex reservoirs has been reported in the former studies. Moreover, the traditional cross-plot also cannot find the low limit value. Thus in this paper, we proposed the new statistics evaluation methods to solve such problems based on multi-parameters identified method which chose 10 parameters as dataset and utilized decision tree to build the rules, and discriminant analysis which build 2 predictive models (A and B) to classify the gas and water. We indeed successfully applied our new methods on the true well logging data from a heterogeneous carbonate reservoir in China. Thus we concluded that our new methods could be a good way in the future well logging evaluation for complex carbonate reservoir.
Spatial Analysis of Horizontal-Shale-Well Water Production in the Wattenberg Field
Authors: Bai Bing , Carlson Ken
Published: April 2017

Summary

Reusing waste water from the oil field for hydraulic fracturing has become an important topic in the oil and gas industry, and it requires a thorough understanding of both the quality and quantity of the waste water. In this paper, water production from horizontal shale wells in five sections of the Wattenberg field in northeastern Colorado was analyzed. Models were developed for these wells for future water-production prediction. A spatial analysis was also conducted by comparing water production from each section with the gas/oil-ratio (GOR) value for each well. Results indicate that the GOR value of wells has a significant impact on water production in the first year of operation. Wells with low GOR value tend to have higher fracturing-flowback volume and, furthermore, water-recovery rate. Results from this study also provide valuable information for estimating water production from unconventional shale fields, which is critical for the design of wastewater collection and treatment facilities in the field.
OS LIMITES DA LIBERDADE DE CRENÇA NO BRASIL: UMA ANÁLISE ATRAVÉS DA CONCEPÇÃO DE JUSTIÇA COMO EQUIDADE E DE LIBERDADE IGUAL DE JOHN RAWLS
Authors: Hamel Marcio Renan , Nascimento Aline Trindade
Published: April 2017

O presente artigo busca analisar os limites da liberdade de crença no Brasil por meio da ideia de justiça como equidade de John Rawls, bem como, de liberdade igual. Dessa forma, estabelece algumas considerações sobre a Teoria da Justiça de John Rawls. Discorre sobre as ideias de justiça como equidade e de liberdade igual. Com base nessas concepções, busca tratar dos limites da liberdade de consciência religiosa no Brasil, com o intuito de possibilitar a coexistência pacífica no que se refere à diversidade religiosa. O método de abordagem usado para a realização do trabalho foi o dialético. Como técnicas específicas, foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográficas. Por meio deste estudo, foi possível perceber que utilizar as concepções de equidade e de liberdade igual podem servir de instrumento para possibilitar a convivência equitativa entre as diversas crenças existentes, sobretudo em um país multicultural como o Brasil.
ANÁLISE ESTATÍSTICA DA INFLUÊNCIA DA TORTURA E DO EXTERMÍNIO NA CONSOLIDAÇÃO DA DEMOCRACIA BRASILEIRA
Authors: De Luna Moisés Saraiva , Dos Reis Ulisses Levy Silvério , Fontes Narbal de Marsillac
Published: April 2017

O objeto de discussão deste artigo centra-se na análise de indicadores sobre o respeito aos direitos humanos pelas forças policiais brasileiras, em relação aos abusos cometidos por estas, ao qual resolvemos chamar de violência estatal decisionista, em especial nos casos de tortura e extermínio (ou execução sumária, ou desaparecimento, execução extrajudicial) e suas implicações na consolidação do Estado Democrático de Direito no Brasil, oriundo da Nova República. Partimos então da observação, através de uma metodologia teórico-prática, de cunho empírico, através da análise de indicadores, como o Democracy Index e de requisições via Lei de Acesso a Informação de dados de órgãos públicos nacionais, além de uma base bibliográfica para trabalhar com os conceitos de democracia, decisionismo, biopolítica, tortura e execução sumária. Nossa conclusão é que parte do nosso problema democrático está ainda ligado a um processo de justiça de transição inconcluso, que legitima as práticas ditatoriais remanescentes até agora afetando a consolidação da democracia.

PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Democracia Brasileira. Tortura. Decisionismo. Execução Extrajudicial. Índices.
CLÁUSULA DE ABERTURA DOS DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS E STATUS HIERÁRQUICO DOS TRATADOS INTERNACIONAIS DE DIREITOS HUMANOS
Authors: Hey Melo Juliane Andréa de Mendes , Bonato Ariadne Da Silveira
Published: April 2017

Este artigo visa abordar e discutir sobre do diálogo entre a ordem interna e a ordem internacional na seara dos direitos humanos, de modo a proporcionar pequena contribuição à discussão sobre o tema. Analisa-se a abertura do texto constitucional realizada pelo art. 5º, § 2º da Constituição Federal, chegando ao viés do Estado Constitucional Cooperativo. Neste sentido, investiga-se qual a influência do da inserção do § 3º do art. 5º da Constituição Federal, em especial sobre o status hierárquico dos tratados de direitos humanos, bem como sua relação com o disposto no § 2º do mesmo dispositivo.
FAMÍLIA, DIGNIDADE DA PESSOA HUMANA E RELATIVISMO CULTURAL
Authors: Padilha Elisângela , Bertoncini Carla
Published: April 2017

o presente artigo tem por objetivo investigar sobre o que define a família no mundo contemporâneo sob o ponto de vista cultural. Seria possível, com fundamento na dignidade da pessoa humana, estabelecer um conceito multicultural de família? À família sempre coube um papel essencial na vida do homem, representando o modo pelo qual este se relaciona com o meio em que vive, priorizando a plena realização pessoal de cada membro familiar, com base no afeto, na busca pela felicidade, no respeito à dignidade da pessoa humana e seus direitos fundamentais.  Família e sociedade conjugam-se em uma relação sistêmica. A família deve ser entendida como a comunidade de vida material e afetiva de seus integrantes, união de esforços para o desenvolvimento de atividades materiais e sociais, convivência que promove mútua companhia, apoio moral e psicológico, na busca do melhor desenvolvimento da personalidade das pessoas que a compõem. A família não é um produto da natureza e estática no tempo, e sim um grupo dinâmico que reage e interfere na sociedade. Nesse contexto, é possível, com fundamento na dignidade da pessoa humana, buscar um conceito de família que possa ser pensado e entendido em qualquer tempo e espaço.
Quilombo e os Direitos: Análise da ADIn no 3239 e a luta pelo poder de dizer o Direito
Authors: Rodrigues Bruno , Rezende Tayra , Nunes Tiago
Published: April 2017

Trata-se de uma pesquisa de cunho jurídico, sociológico e antropológico, que visa mapear atuação e mobilizações dos atores sociais na questão étnica-quilombola no Brasil. Para tanto, a pesquisa detém cunho bibliográfico e documental, com estudo de caso na Ação Direita de Inconstitucionalidade no 3.239/04. Identificam-se os atores que se apresentam ao debate público e como se mobilizam neste cenário, além de verificar a capacidade de mutação dos cenários das lutas étnicas pelos instrumentos jurídicos. Apresenta-se também uma descrição densa da expressão étnica no mundo jurídico e os (des)compassos entre as racionalidades jurídicas e das ciências sociais.