bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organisational development in sport: co‐creation of value through social capital
Authors: Hajli Mahmood , Hajli Mohammad
Published: June 2013

Purpose

Empowered by Web 2.0 and social media, consumers join online communities and produce social capital. They generate information for online communities by sharing their knowledge, information and experience, and thus support organisational learning. Co‐creation of value with consumers instead of co‐creation of value for consumers is a new strategy for organisational development. The purpose of this paper is to investigate social factors introduced through social media to sport organisations in the co‐creation of value with fans.

Design/methodology/approach

This research adopts social capital and social support theory and investigates the way sport organisations can apply social relationship with fans in online communities in order to co‐create value for organisational development. The study looks at the current literature and the potential theoretical development for organisational learning.

Findings

Social interaction of individuals through social media and online communities has introduced co‐creation of value with customers. This behaviour originates from the supportive climate that has emerged through Web 2.0, where individuals share their information, knowledge, and experience through online communities. This co‐creation offers online social support as a source of social capital for organisations. The results can be beneficial for the development of sport organisations in the co‐creation of value with fans.

Research limitations/implications

The clear implication of the research would be whether sport organisations can develop virtual communities and offer rich means that facilitate individuals' interactions. The research highlights the theoretical foundation and opportunities for sport organisational development. However, the study does not provide an empirical test of the theory. Therefore, an empirical test of the research theory is a future research direction.

Originality/value

This research investigates social factors introduced through social media to sport organisations in the co‐creation of value with fans. The contribution of the research is to provide the theoretical bases for a new research area for sport organisational development through social media. Sport organisations can learn from the social interactions of their fans and develop their strategies. This research shows how sport organisations can use social capital theory and online social support to progress in the industry.
Mentoring programmes: learning opportunities for mentees, for mentors, for organisations and for society
Authors: Poulsen Kirsten M.
Published: June 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to give an introduction to the definition and learning process of mentoring, a structured overview of the value of mentoring for mentees, mentors, organisations and society, as well as present the key element for designing and implementing successful mentoring programmes that gives full value to all stakeholders.

Design/methodology/approach

The article is based on more than ten years' experience in working with mentoring programmes, designing and delivering mentoring programmes in an organisational context, on studying research done by other scholars and consultants as well as on the knowledge developed through the Mentor+ Survey – a survey tool for evaluating mentoring programmes.

Findings

It is found that the potential for learning for mentors, organisations and even society is still not fully understood by organisations implementing mentoring programmes – and thus the value of mentoring programmes is still not fully appreciated and achieved, even for mentees.

Originality/value

This article is of value to HR professionals and managers who wish to use mentoring programmes to enhance the learning capacity of people and organisations, instead of as just a tool for knowledge transfer.
The capability to aspire for continuing training in France
Authors: Lambert Marion , Vero Josiane
Published: June 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to assess the French reform of employees’ access to lifelong learning by addressing the issue of the relationship between corporate training policy and employees’ capability to aspire for learning.

Design/methodology/approach

The investigation is based on the French linked employer‐employee survey DIFES1, which allows for responses from employees and human resource management to be analysed together. From a mixed ascending hierarchical clustering, the paper highlights the different ways in which the reform was applied within firms, and identifies capability‐friendly backgrounds. From bivariate probit models, it examines what factors affect employees’ capability to aspire.

Findings

First, the results identify 10.5 per cent of French firms as capability‐friendly. Second, it reveals that the capability to aspire is even more influenced by the environment as shaped by the corporate training policy than by professional pathways, occupational groups and other determinants, whilst training experiences themselves have no influence. Third, it raises the key issue of capability for voice as a matter of fundamental importance.

Research limitations/implications

Because of the cross‐sectional nature of the survey, the research is not able to address the temporal dynamics of the capability to aspire, how it evolves over time.

Practical implications

In contrast to political pronouncements attributing employees’ lack of aspiration to a personal inclination, the results show how corporate training policies may increase employees’ capability to aspire for training by making it a collective issue and provide insights to combat adaptive preferences.

Originality/value

The research provides, for the first time, an understanding of the relationship between corporate training strategies and the capability to aspire.
Bringing Sen’s capability approach to work and human resource practices
Authors: Subramanian Dilip , Miquel Verd Joan , Vero Josiane , Zimmermann Bénédicte
Published: June 2013

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to introduce the special issue of theInternational Journal of Manpoweron capabilities, work and human resource policies and practices. After presenting the main concepts of the capability approach, inspired by Amartya Sen's work, the paper goes on to review the major findings of the contributions to this issue.

Design/methodology/approach

Bringing together economists and sociologists, the special issue develops a relevant range of qualitative and quantitative research methods.

Findings

The special issue adopts the capability approach as a yardstick to assess corporate policies from the combined perspective of economic and human development. It asks how firms can contribute to developing sustainable human capabilities at work.

Originality/value

Human resource management is mainly oriented towards optimising workers’ labour for the benefit of employers and shareholders. The papers in this issue provide some well‐documented suggestions on how to break with a reductionist understanding of employees as “human capital”, considered from the sole viewpoint of economic efficiency, by introducing a shift in perspective towards an integrated approach, embracing both economic and human development.
Restructuring processes and capability for voice: case study of Volkswagen, Brussels
Authors: De Munck Jean , Ferreras Isabelle
Published: June 2013

Purpose

This paper aims to use the Capability Approach in order to shed light on the capability for voice of workers in an industrial restructuring process.

Design/methodology/approach

The research relies on conceptual frames and distinctions borrowed from Amartya Sen, Jon Elster and Jürgen Habermas. It is based on an empirical case study: the restructuring of the Brussels plant of the Volkswagen (VW) group in 2006‐2007.

Findings

The central distinction established in the paper is the one between deliberation and bargaining. The structures that characterized social dialogue at the VW plant in Brussels did not totally deprive Belgian workers of capability for voice. But they seriously limited its scope.

Research limitations/implications

The empirical investigation is focused more on trade unions than on internal management relationships.

Social implications

The paper presents an analysis of the real opportunities for deliberation and bargaining that goes beyond the mere formal implementation of social law.

Originality/value

The paper discusses application of the Capability Approach to empirical procedures of collective bargaining in the context of a globalised restructuring process in the automotive sector.
Service innovation and policy diffusion: an exploratory study of the Bookstart program in Taiwan
Authors: Tung‐Wen Sun Milan , Shih Mei‐Chiang , Hsu Keng‐Ming , Chen Jenhei
Published: June 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is twofold: to analyse the diffusion of an innovative policy or service and the factors influencing it through an explorative study of the diffusion of the Bookstart program in Taiwan; and second, to provide an analytical framework for further study of this program.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is both empirical and theoretical. It uses data from existing studies and also agencies involved in Bookstart to explain the diffusion of the program. It then draws on theories of policy diffusion and the initial findings of this study to develop an analytical framework for the further study of the diffusion of the Bookstart program.

Findings

The Bookstart program, which is designed to promote reading habits for children 0 to 3 years old and to strengthen parent‐children relations, was originally initiated in the UK. It was first introduced into Taiwan in Taichung County in 2003. The paper shows how the program spread throughout Taiwan and indicates the role of the key players in the diffusion, including charitable institutions, local politicians and leaders, local authority agencies, and the Ministry of Education. The paper posits an analytical framework identifying factors which may help to promote or facilitate the diffusion. In this respect, the paper draws on the theoretical literature and also initial evidence from the research so far undertaken. This will guide the research in the next stage of the study.

Originality/value

This explorative study provides an example of the nature, process and direction of the diffusion of a policy or service innovation, and suggests the possible factors promoting or facilitating it, as identified in the initial findings of the research and in the relevant theoretical literature.
Managers coping in further educational colleges
Authors: Page Damien
Published: June 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to document the coping styles of first tier managers in English further education (FE) colleges, in relation to the most significant stressors and to create an original, grounded scale of coping based on the data.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopted a qualitative approach to coping strategies and involved semi‐structured interviews with 23 first tier managers in four colleges.

Findings

The study identified 16 distinct coping strategies employed by the first tier managers that ranged from “compliant” strategies, such as increased effort and self‐coaching, to “affective” strategies, such as exercise and tension reduction; and finally, those strategies that were “non‐compliant” such as escape and dissent.

Research limitations/implications

This research presents a tentative coping scale for first tier managers that could potentially inform the design of structured development programmes according to their particular needs.

Originality/value

This is the first coping scale of first tier managers in FE and its findings may have implications for first tier managers in other organisational settings.
The perceptions of an EMBA experience in China: an exploratory study
Authors: Chen Aurora , Doherty Noeleen
Published: June 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to report on perceptions of an Executive MBA (EMBA) experience to the development of Chinese managers’ careers.

Design/methodology/approach

This qualitative research drew on in‐depth interviews with a sample of alumni from two business schools in China. Narrative analysis focused on career competency development.

Findings

Chinese managers perceived the career outcomes of undertaking the EMBA and reported “knowing‐whom” benefits such as sharing information, building reputation and exchanging acquired knowledge, “knowing‐how” namely as a source of learning and “knowing‐why” namely work‐life balance.

Research limitations/implications

The research presents a small sample and so cannot be applicable to the wider population. It is exploratory in nature and intended to encourage debate over the perceived importance of career competencies accrued from EMBA studies in an Eastern context.

Originality/value

The paper adds to existing research on career competency development through the EMBA experience. It offers insights into Chinese managers’ networking ability to put people together and to acquire information, opportunities and resources for career management and development purposes.
Organisational justice climate, social capital and firm performance
Authors: Mahajan Ashish , Benson Philip
Published: June 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework in order to understand the impact of organizational justice climate on firm performance.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper reviews the literature on organizational justice and social capital and theorizes their relationship with firm performance. The underlying argument of this paper is that a climate of organizational justice influences firm performance indirectly through its influence on social capital.

Findings

The paper suggests ways through which different types of justice climate – distributive, procedural, interactional – are related to different dimensions of social capital. This paper also extends the findings of organizational justice research from an individual level to organizational level by proposing an indirect relationship with firm performance.

Originality/value

This paper is unique, as no research to date has proposed a conceptual framework integrating organizational justice climate, social capital and firm performance.
Commentary on “Growing older together: ageing and people with learning disabilities and their family carers”
Authors: Thompson David
Published: June 2013

Purpose

This commentary aims to support Carol Walker and Cally Ward's paper by directing readers to work which could guide their practice with older people with learning disabilities and ageing family carers.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is a selected review of initiatives to support older people with learning disabilities and their family carers over the past decade. Examples from the author's personal contacts are used to illustrate the discussion.

Findings

There are excellent materials to support practice. These include several resources to use directly with people with learning disabilities. However the policy and funding framework of services can stand in the way of people getting good support. It can also make people's lives more difficult, including increasing social isolation.

Originality/value

The paper provides the reader with the means to access practical tools, including free web‐based resources.
Dose‐dependent effects of nectar alkaloids in a montane plant–pollinator community
Authors: Manson Jessamyn S. , Cook Daniel , Gardner Dale R. , Irwin Rebecca E.
Published: June 2013

Although secondary metabolites are prevalent in floral nectar, the ecological consequences for pollinators and pollination remain relatively unexplored. While often deterrent to pollinators at high concentrations, secondary metabolite concentrations in nectar tend to be much lower than secondary metabolite concentrations in leaves and flowers; yet, they may still affect the maintenance of pollination mutualisms.

Delphinium barbeyi, a common montane herb, contains norditerpene alkaloids in its nectar but at concentrations that are substantially lower than those found in its leaves or flowers. By manipulating nectar alkaloid concentrations in the field and laboratory, we assessed the degree to which varying concentrations of alkaloids in nectar influenced pollinator behaviour and activity and plant reproduction.

In the field, nectar alkaloids significantly reduced both the number of flower visits and the time spent per flower by free‐flying bumblebee pollinators, but we only observed effects at alkaloid concentrations 50 times that of natural nectar. When we supplementedD. barbeyinectar with alkaloids at concentrations almost 15 times that of natural nectar, we found no evidence for direct or pollinator‐mediated indirect effects on female plant reproduction.

In the laboratory, the direct consumptive effects of nectar alkaloids on bumblebee pollinators were also concentration dependent. Bumblebees exhibited reduced mobility and vigour but only at alkaloid concentrations more than 25 times higher than those found in natural nectar.

Synthesis. We found that nectar alkaloids have dose‐dependent effects on pollinator behaviour and activity. While concentrations of nectar alkaloids rivalling those found in leaves would negatively affect pollinator behaviour and pollination services, the natural concentrations of nectar alkaloids inD. barbeyihave no negative direct or pollinator‐mediated indirect effects on plant reproduction. These results provide experimental insight into the dose‐dependent ecological consequences of nectar secondary metabolites for pollinators and pollination, suggesting that low nectar alkaloid concentrations incurred no ecological costs forD. barbeyi.
Can mimetics, a theatre‐based practice, open possibilities for young people with learning disabilities? A capability approach
Authors: Trowsdale Jo , Hayhow Richard
Published: June 2013

While the significance of the social model of disability for articulating inclusive approaches in education is recognised, the application of capability theory to education is less well developed. This article byJoTrowsdale of theUniversity ofWarwick andRichardHayhow ofOpenTheatre considers how a particular theatre‐based practice, here described as ‘mimetics’, can alter and extend the aspirations and achievements of children and young people with learning disabilities, and might be understood as applied capability theory or ‘capability practice’. Mimetics has been crafted from experimental psycho‐physical actor‐training processes byOpenTheatreCompany working in collaboration with actors with learning disabilities, and adapted to support the learning and development of young people with learning disabilities. This study draws upon an action research project set up byCreativePartnerships withOpenTheatre Company and a special school, where children demonstrated increased motivation and capacity for communication and socialisation, improved well‐being, learning and wider achievement. To illustrate the process, we offer a case study of one child with an autistic spectrum disorder.
Student behaviour and emotional challenges for teachers and parents in Hong Kong
Authors: Forlin Chris , Cooper Paul
Published: June 2013

Social, emotional, and behavioural disorders of children, within the context of a whole‐school approach to inclusion as adopted by Hong Kong, can be challenging for teachers and parents. Based on a comprehensive review of the literature and feedback from a range of experts and parent groups in Hong Kong, specific scales were developed to measure four behavioural traits identified in local school‐aged children and the impact these have on their teachers and parents. Completed surveys were obtained from 914 members of school staff and 573 parents of school‐aged children. This research, carried out by Chris Forlin and Paul Cooper of the Hong Kong Institute of Education, led to the identification of substantial levels of student behavioural problems in relation to educational engagement, motivation, co‐operativeness and oppositionality. Evidence of emotional burden from these problems was also identified on parents and teachers. Discussion focuses on areas of potential stress in the school situation and possible points of influence in the home.
Protests against Welfare Retrenchment: Healthcare Restructuring inSweden
Authors: Taghizadeh Jonas Larsson , Lindbom Anders
Published: June 2013

The ‘new politics’ perspective in welfare state research holds that class‐based parties and unions have lost some of their influence and that they have been replaced by client organizations that are capable of resisting retrenchment pressures. However, scholars within the ‘power resource tradition’ contend that class is still fundamental and that client interests are weak in corporatist countries with a strong labour movement. It is argued in this article that scholars within the power resource approach have focused too much on social insurance programmes and traditional forms of political participation, and that this has made them blind to client protests. An empirical study of political efforts to close down nighttime emergency surgery in Swedish hospitals is presented. The Swedish counties planned to close down emergency surgery in 17 hospitals in the period 2003–04. The political proposals to close down emergency departments were met with strong protests from client groups, and politicians often withdrew their proposals of closures. In this case study, politicians claim that it was client protests that made them withdraw a decision to close the emergency surgery. This result suggests that client protests are politically important and diverges from the expectations deduced from the power‐resource approach but lends credibility to the theory of the new politics of the welfare state.
Urban Climatology Applied to Urban Planning: A Postwar Knowledge Circulation Failure
Authors: Hebbert Michael , Mackillop Fionn
Published: June 2013

The article discusses an instance of knowledge that failed to circulate — the application of urban climatology in town planning. This field of applied science was systematized in German‐speaking universities and cities and remains most firmly established in North‐Central Europe. In the decades after the second world war successive commissions and study groups of the World Meteorological Organization, the International Federation of Housing and Planning, the Confédération Internationale du Bâtiment and the International Society for Biometeorology sought to spread awareness of climatological factors among planners and architects worldwide. The article examines the organizations and individuals involved in this campaign, describes their meetings, publications and outreach, and assesses the disappointing impact. The legacy of this failure is considered in the context of present‐day interest in planning for carbon mitigation and climate‐change adaptation.
Fruit pit hardening: physical measurement during olive fruit growth
Authors: Rapoport H.F. , Pérez‐López D. , Hammami S.B.M. , Agüera J. , Moriana A.
Published: June 2013

In drupe‐type fruits, pit hardening, resulting from sclerification of the fruit endocarp, is widely used as a phenological marker for both physiological studies and orchard management. In spite of the importance of pit hardening for understanding fruit development processes and for agricultural practices, however, its quantification has remained obscure and precision has been lost with time and lax usage. In this study, we used a mechanical device to measure the physical pressure required to break the olive pit in order to define the timing of pit hardening more precisely and to permit closer observation of its relationship to fruit and endocarp growth and development. Over 4 years we found that pit‐hardening pressure increased following a sigmoid pattern, at first gradually but then with a large and rapid increment of change in a relatively short period of time. The rapid acceleration of hardening began at the time when pit longitudinal and transverse diameters attained their maximum size. That timing is consistent with the anatomical differentiation of the sclerified endocarp cells which can no longer expand nor divide. The results improve our knowledge of pit hardening and provide a more precise context for evaluating the metabolic costs, physiological interactions and genetic controls of stone fruit endocarp development. On a practical level, the association of the intensification of pit‐breaking pressure with the cessation of pit expansion indicates that pit diameters can be useful morphological markers to identify the onset of this period.
Non‐antibiotic properties of tetracyclines and their clinical application in dermatology
Authors: Perret Leanna J , Tait Clare P
Published: June 2013

Dermatologists have used tetracyclines since the 1950s to treat disorders that do not necessarily have an infectious aetiology. Their anti‐inflammatory and anti‐collagenase properties contribute significantly to their success in treating diseases such as rosacea and acne. This article reviews the non‐antibiotic properties of tetracyclines and their clinical application in dermatology.
Retrospective chart review in a cohort of patients with urticarial dermatitis
Authors: Banan Parastoo , Butler Gregory , Wu Jason
Published: June 2013

Urticarial dermatitis is a poorly understood skin condition while it seems to be much more common than the paucity of reports suggest. It manifests with severely pruritic papules and plaques that resemble eczematous and urticarial lesions morphologically. The key clues to diagnosis are the urticarial appearance and overlap with an eczematous reaction. Here, we present a series of 19 cases (13 women and six men) with urticarial dermatitis clinically and histologically. The patients' average age was 58 and most of the cases were idiopathic. Trunk and proximal extremities were the most common sites involved followed by the distal extremities. Poor response to potent topical corticosteroids and antihistamines was usual and many patients required oral prednisone or other immunosuppressant agents or phototherapy.
Polymorphic variants of CYP17 and CYP19A and risk of infertility in endometriosis
Authors: Szczepańska Malgorzata , Wirstlein Przemyslaw , Skrzypczak Jana , Jagodziński Paweł P.
Published: June 2013

Objective

Endometriosis is recognized as an estrogen‐dependent disease. There are conflicting data demonstrating single nuclear polymorphisms (SNPs) of CYP17 and CYP19 steroidogenic genes as related to endometriosis risk. We assessed the CYP17 5′‐untranslated region ‐34 A/G (rs743572) and CYP19 Ex10 + C1558T (rs10046) SNPs in stage I–II endometriosis.

Design

Case–control study.

Setting

Division of reproduction at a university department in Poland.

Population

A total of 115 women with diagnosed stage I–II endometriosis according to the revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine (rASRM) classification and 197 fertile women as controls.

Methods

The SNPs CYP17 ‐34 A/G and CYP19 Ex10 + C1558T were identified by high‐resolution melting curve analysis.

Main outcome measures

Genotype prevalence and odds ratio for recessive and dominant genetic model for CYP17 and CYP19 SNPs.

Results

We observed a significantly increased CYP17 GG and GA genotype frequency in women diagnosed with rASRM stage I–II endometriosis compared with fertile women (OR = 2.4; 95% CI 1.4–4.2, p = 0.002). We also found a significantly increased CYP17 G allele frequency in cases compared with controls (OR = 1.6; 95% CI 1.2–2.2, p = 0.004). There were no significant differences in the distribution of the CYP17 GG genotype and CYP19 Ex10 + C1558T polymorphism between women diagnosed with rASRM stage I–II endometriosis and controls.

Conclusion

The CYP17 ‐34 G variant, previously associated with increased 17β‐estradiol production, displayed a contribution to stage I–II endometriosis in women from a Polish population. Increased 17β‐estradiol concentration in carriers of the CYP17 ‐34 G variant might contribute to endometriosis and associated pathological processes.
Why is intelligence associated with stability of happiness?
Authors: Kanazawa Satoshi
Published: June 2013

In the National Child Development Study, life‐course variability in happiness over 18 years was significantly negatively associated with its mean level (happier individuals were more stable in their happiness, and it was not due to the ceiling effect), as well as childhood general intelligence and all Big Five personality factors (except for Agreeableness). In a multiple regression analysis, childhood general intelligence was the strongest predictor of life‐course variability in life satisfaction, stronger than all Big Five personality factors, including Emotional stability. More intelligent individuals were significantly more stable in their happiness, and it was not entirely because: (1) they were more educated and wealthier (even though they were); (2) they were healthier (even though they were); (3) they were more stable in their marital status (even though they were); (4) they were happier (even though they were); (5) they were better able to assess their own happiness accurately (even though they were); or (6) they were better able to recall their previous responses more accurately or they were more honest in their survey responses (even though they were both). While I could exclude all of these alternative explanations, it ultimately remained unclear why more intelligent individuals were more stable in their happiness.
Investigation of the homogeneity of methacrylate allergens in commercially available patch test preparations
Authors: Mose Kristian Fredløv , Andersen Klaus Ejner , Christensen Lars Porskjær
Published: June 2013

Background

The homogeneity of methacrylates in commercial patch test preparations has not yet been investigated. Inhomogeneous patch test preparations may give rise to false‐negative or false‐positive patch test results in patients suspected of having methacrylate allergy.

Objectives

To investigate the homogeneity of methacrylates in commercial patch test preparations.

Methods

Fresh commercial patch test preparations of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2‐HEMA) from three test material suppliers in Europe were analysed quantitatively by means of normal‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography.

Results

The initial concentration of MMA in all six patch test preparations was lower than stated on the label, whereas four of six patch test preparations of 2‐HEMA were in accordance with the stated concentrations. The concentration of MMA increased markedly from the top segment close to the tip of the syringe to the bottom segment adjacent to the piston in four syringes (3–6). In contrast, syringes with 2‐HEMA maintained a constant concentration throughout the test preparation, apart from two syringes (11 and 12).

Conclusion

Variations in concentration and heterogeneous distribution of MMA and 2‐HEMA in patch test preparations may be an additional cause of variation in patch test results, besides other technical details and reading.
Validating a screening tool for mental health and substance use risk in an Indigenous prison population
Authors: Ober Coralie , Dingle Kaeleen , Clavarino Alexandra , Najman Jake M. , Alati Rosa , Heffernan Edward B.
Published: June 2013

Introduction and Aims

The Indigenous Risk Impact Screen (IRIS) is a validated culturally appropriate and widely used tool in the community for assessing substance use and mental disorder. This research aimed to assess the utility of this tool in an Indigenous prison population.

Design and Methods

The study used data collected from a cross‐sectional study of mental health among Indigenous inmates in Queensland custodial centres (n = 395, 84% male). Participants were administered a modified version of the IRIS and International Classification of Diseases‐10 diagnoses of substance use, depressive and anxiety disorders obtained using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). The concurrent validity of the modified IRIS was assessed against those of the CIDI.

Results

Three hundred and twelve people screened as high risk for a substance use disorder and 179 were high risk for mental problems. There were 73% of males and 88% of females diagnosed with a mental disorder. The IRIS was an effective screener for substance use disorders, with high sensitivity of 94% and low specificity of 33%. The screener was less effective in identifying depression (sensitivity 82%, specificity 59%) and anxiety (sensitivity 68%, specificity 60%).

Discussion

The IRIS is the first culturally appropriate screening instrument to be validated for the risk of drug and alcohol and mental disorder among Indigenous adults in custody.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that the IRIS is a valid tool for screening of alcohol and drug use risk among an incarcerated Indigenous population. The IRIS could offer an opportunity to improve the identification, treatment and health outcomes for incarcerated Indigenous adults. [Ober C, Dingle K, Clavarino A, Najman JM, Alati R, Heffernan EB. Validating a screening tool for mental health and substance use risk in an Indigenous prison population. Drug Alcohol Rev 2013;32:611–617]
Unemployment in the Great Recession
Authors: Pissarides Christopher A.
Published: June 2013

This paper studies the responses of unemployment in Germany, the USA and the UK to the Great Recession of 2008–9 using Beveridge curve analysis, and in the entire OECD using other techniques. It is shown that the UK suffered from recession but no structural problems; the USA suffered from structural unemployment during the recovery; Germany exhibited a much better performance both during and after the recession. The rise in OECD unemployment is broken down into parts due to aggregate activity, the construction sector and a residual attributed to policies and institutions, which is used to reach conclusions about policy.
Bitrophic toxicity of Cry1Ac to Cycloneda sanguinea, a predator in Brazilian cotton
Authors: Nakasu Erich Y.T. , Dias Simoni C. , Pires Carmen S.S. , Andow David A. , Paula Debora Pires , Togni Pedro Henrique B. , Macedo Tainã R. , Sujii Edison R. , de Sá Maria F.G. , Fontes Eliana M.G.
Published: June 2013

Insect predators are exposed to the Cry1Ac toxin in Bt cotton fields through several pathways. In this study, we investigated the effects of activated Cry1Ac added to a diet on Cycloneda sanguinea (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), which is one of the main predators of non‐target pests in Brazilian cotton. Direct bitrophic exposure of C. sanguinea to Cry1Ac was done by feeding beetles with Aphis gossypii (Glover) (Hemiptera: Aphidae) sprayed with 500 μg per ml Cry1Ac solution. Larval and pupal survival, development time, aphid consumption, and adult longevity were recorded daily. Couples within the same experimental treatment were paired and numbers of eggs laid and hatched per female were recorded daily. Net replacement rate was calculated for each female. During development, a C. sanguinea larva consumed on average 1.8 μg of activated Cry1Ac. No significant differences due to Cry1Ac were observed for any of the response variables, except aphid consumption. Larvae receiving Cry1Ac consumed more aphids than larvae receiving distilled water alone. Additional statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate independence of responses, and for the independent responses, a simple meta‐analysis was conducted to test the null hypothesis that all responses were zero. Nearly all of the response variables were statistically independent. Two pairs of responses were not independent, but the associated multivariate tests were not significant. The meta‐analysis suggested that all effects were not different from random variation around zero and no cumulative effects could be detected. Our results indicated that bitrophic exposure to activated Cry1Ac is likely to have little or no adverse ecological effect on C. sanguinea.
Dravet syndrome: New potential genetic modifiers, imaging abnormalities, and ictal findings
Authors: Gaily Eija , Anttonen Anna‐Kaisa , Valanne Leena , Liukkonen Elina , Träskelin Ann‐Liz , Polvi Anne , Lommi Markus , Muona Mikko , Eriksson Kai , Lehesjoki Anna‐Elina
Published: June 2013

Purpose

Dravet syndrome is an autosomal dominant epileptic encephalopathy of childhood, which is caused mainly by SCN1A and PCHD19 mutations. Although Dravet syndrome is well recognized, the causes of acute encephalopathy are still elusive, and reported data on ictal electroencephalography (EEG) and structural brain abnormalities are scarce.

Methods

We studied 30 children who fulfilled the clinical criteria for Dravet syndrome. All patients were screened for SCN1A mutations and 25 for POLG mutations with bidirectional sequencing. Clinical data, including etiologic studies done as part of the clinical workup, were collected from hospital charts. Ictal video‐EEG recordings and magnetic resonance (MR) images were reanalyzed by the authors.

Key Findings

SCN1A mutations were found in 25 patients (83%). Two SCN1A mutation–negative patients had chromosomal translocations involving chromosomes 9 and X, and one had a mutation in PCDH19. Prolonged seizures were associated with acute encephalopathy in three SCN1A mutation–positive patients. One showed evidence of a significant hypoxic–ischemic event during status epilepticus. The other two demonstrated new persistent neurologic deficits postictally; they both carried heterozygous POLG variants (p.Trp748Ser or p.Gly517Val). Hippocampal sclerosis or loss of gray–white matter definition in the temporal lobe was observed in 7 of 18 patients who had MRI after age 3 years (39%). Motor seizures were recorded on video‐EEG for 15 patients, of whom 12 were younger than 6 years at recording; 11 patients (73%) showed posterior onsets.

Significance

Our data imply that a heterozygous X;9 translocation and rare POLG variants may modify the clinical features of Dravet syndrome. The latter may increase susceptibility for acute encephalopathy. Temporal lobe abnormalities are common in patients imaged after 3 years of age. Focal seizures seem to localize predominantly in the posterior regions in young children with Dravet syndrome.
Rising from the Ashes: Cognitive Determinants of Venture Growth after Entrepreneurial Failure
Authors: Yamakawa Yasuhiro , Peng Mike W. , Deeds David L.
Published: June 2013

How does previous entrepreneurial failure influence future entrepreneurship? More specifically, under what conditions do entrepreneurs who rebound from failure do better in the next round? Drawing on the cognitive literature in attribution and motivation, we focus on entrepreneurs’ reaction to failure and the growth of their subsequent ventures. Leveraging a survey database of new–venture founders with failure experiences, we investigate how their internal attribution of the cause of failure, their intrinsic motivation to start up another business after failure, and the extent of their failure experiences impact the growth of their subsequent ventures.
Finding Practical Knowledge in Entrepreneurship
Authors: Kenworthy Thomas , McMullan W. Edward
Published: June 2013

Research in the pre–paradigmatic, applied scientific field of entrepreneurship is characterized mainly as exploratory. This article advocates for a considerable shift toward a more effective applied research agenda. An applied research program is proposed based on modifications to a Lakatosian research program. The agenda extends beyond typical calls for more replication work to include a focus on practical outcomes, practical significance, and surprising findings among other things. The intent is to produce substantially more practical knowledge—knowledge that is useful to entrepreneurs, policy makers, educators, and scholars.
Keratinocyte cell lines derived from severe generalized recessive Epidermolysis Bullosa patients carrying a highly recurrent COL7A1 homozygous mutation: models to assess cell and gene therapies in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Chamorro Cristina , Almarza David , Duarte Blanca , Llames Sara G. , Murillas Rodolfo , García Marta , Cigudosa Juan C. , Espinosa‐Hevia Luis , Escámez Maria José , Mencía Ángeles , Meana Álvaro , García‐Escudero Ramón , Moro Rosa , Conti Claudio J. , Del Río Marcela , Larcher Fernando
Published: June 2013

Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is caused by deficiency of type VII collagen due to COL7A1 mutations such as c.6527insC, recurrently found in the Spanish RDEB population. Assessment of clonal correction–based therapeutic approaches for RDEB requires large expansions of cells, exceeding the replication capacity of human primary keratinocytes. Thus, immortalized RDEB cells with enhanced proliferative abilities would be valuable. Using either the SV40 large T antigen or papillomavirus HPV16‐derived E6‐E7 proteins, we immortalized and cloned RDEB keratinocytes carrying the c.6527insC mutation. Clones exhibited high proliferative and colony‐forming features. Cytogenetic analysis revealed important differences between T antigen‐driven and E6‐E7‐driven immortalization. Immortalized cells responded to differentiation stimuli and were competent for epidermal regeneration and recapitulation of the blistering RDEB phenotype in vivo. These features make these cell lines useful to test novel therapeutic approaches including those aimed at editing mutant COL7A1.
Swimming into prominence: the zebrafish as a valuable tool for studying human myopathies and muscular dystrophies
Authors: Gibbs Elizabeth M. , Horstick Eric J. , Dowling James J.
Published: June 2013

A new and exciting phase of muscle disease research has recently been entered. The application of next generation sequencing technology has spurred an unprecedented era of gene discovery for both myopathies and muscular dystrophies. Gene‐based therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy have entered clinical trial, and several pathway‐based therapies are doing so as well for a handful of muscle diseases. While many factors have aided the extraordinary developments in gene discovery and therapy development, the zebrafish model system has emerged as a vital tool in these advancements. In this review, we will highlight how the zebrafish has greatly aided in the identification of new muscle disease genes and in the recognition of novel therapeutic strategies. We will start with a general introduction to the zebrafish as a model, discuss the ways in which muscle disease can be modeled and analyzed in the fish, and conclude with observations from recent studies that highlight the power of the fish as a research tool for muscle disease.
Time‐dependent multiaxial fatigue and life prediction for nickel‐based GH4169 alloy
Authors: Sun G. Q. , Wang D. , Shang D. G.
Published: June 2013

The fatigue behaviour of nickel‐based GH4169 alloy was studied under multiaxial loading at 650 °C. During the middle and late stages of the fatigue life at 650 °C, the axial and shear maximum stresses continue to decrease and plastic strains continue to increase, while at 360 °C different phenomena are observed. The intergranular cracks and certain quantities oxygen were observed in the fracture surfaces. The damage of creep and oxidation are related to temperature and strain range. The life prediction results with a time‐dependent fatigue damage model show the time‐related factors have a certain influence on the fatigue damage.
The effect of frequency on secondary wave mode generation for ultrasonic health monitoring of fatigue damaged plate structures
Authors: Doherty C. , Chiu W. K.
Published: June 2013

A computational frequency analysis of secondary wave mode generation is considered in this paper. Secondary wave mode conversion at the tip of a through‐thickness slit in a circular isotropic plate is analysed similar to a classical Sommerfeld's diffraction problem. The analysis is useful for quantitative non‐destructive evaluation of fatigue cracked plate structures that involve propagation of a single wave mode (a vertically polarised symmetric Lamb mode) and measurement of the amplitude of a new mode (a horizontally polarised shear mode). A two‐dimensional finite element model is first introduced as a baseline reference for the non‐dispersive scenario. This model is used to study the effect that P‐wave angle of incidence has on the mode converted S‐wave from the tip of the slit. A dispersive three‐dimensional finite element model of the circular plate is then introduced at a number of frequency‐thickness products within the range 0.5–3 MHz.mm−1. Within this frequency–thickness range, significant changes to the through‐thickness displacement profiles of the incident S0 Lamb mode occur. The secondary SH0 plate wave mode generated by mode conversion from the 45o incident S0 Lamb mode at the tip of a slit is analysed to establish the efficiency of the mode conversion. Visualisations of the wave fields demonstrate that at frequency–thickness products higher than the first symmetric Lamé mode (where there is no in‐plane surface displacement), the in‐plane through‐thickness displacement profile of the incident S0 Lamb mode becomes incompatible with that of the SH0 plate mode, and the mode conversion phenomenon is thus severely compromised.
Prescription Headache Medication in OEF/OIF Veterans: Results From the Women Veterans Cohort Study
Authors: Seng Elizabeth K. , Driscoll Mary A. , Brandt Cynthia A. , Bathulapalli Harini , Goulet Joseph , Silliker Norman , Kerns Robert D. , Haskell Sally G.
Published: June 2013

Objective

To examine differences in male and female veterans of Operations Enduring Freedom/Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) period of service in taking prescription headache medication, and associations between taking prescription headache medication and mental health status, psychiatric symptoms, and rates of traumatic events.

Background

Headaches are common among active service members and are associated with impairment in quality of life. Little is known about headaches in OEF/OIF veterans.

Methods

Veterans participating in the Women Veterans Cohort Study responded to a cross‐sectional survey to assess taking prescription headache medication, mental health status (Post Deployment Health Assessment), psychiatric symptoms (portions of the Brief Patient Health Questionnaire and the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist), and traumatic events (the Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire and queries regarding military trauma). Gender differences among taking prescription headache medication, health status, psychiatric symptoms, and traumatic events were examined. Regression analyses were used to examine the influence of gender on the associations between taking prescription headache medication and health status, psychiatric symptoms, and traumatic events.

Results

139/551 (25.2%) participants reported taking prescription headache medication in the past year. A higher proportion of women veterans (29.1%) reported taking prescription medication for headache in the last year compared with men (19.7%). Taking prescription headache medication was associated with poorer perceived mental health status, higher anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, and higher rates of traumatic events. The association between prescription headache medication use and perceived mental health status, and with the association between prescription headache medication use and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, was stronger for men than for women.

Conclusions

Among OEF/OIF veterans, the prevalence of clinically relevant headache is high, particularly among women veterans. Taking prescription headache medication is associated with poor mental health status, higher rates of psychiatric symptoms, and higher rates of traumatic events; however, these variables did not appear to meaningfully account for gender differences in prevalence of taking prescription headache medication. Future research should endeavor to identify factors that might account for the observed differences.