bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Loss-of-heterozygosity on chromosome 19q in early-stage serous ovarian cancer is associated with recurrent disease
Authors: Skirnisdottir Ingiridur , Mayrhofer Markus , Rydåker Maria , Åkerud Helena , Isaksson Anders
Published: September 2012

Background

Ovarian cancer is a heterogeneous disease and prognosis for apparently similar cases of ovarian cancer varies. Recurrence of the disease in early stage (FIGO-stages I-II) serous ovarian cancer results in survival that is comparable to those with recurrent advanced-stage disease. The aim of this study was to investigate if there are specific genomic aberrations that may explain recurrence and clinical outcome.

Methods

Fifty-one women with early stage serous ovarian cancer were included in the study. DNA was extracted from formalin fixed samples containing tumor cells from ovarian tumors. Tumor samples from thirty-seven patients were analysed for allele-specific copy numbers using OncoScan single nucleotide polymorphism arrays from Affymetrix and the bioinformatic tool Tumor Aberration Prediction Suite. Genomic gains, losses, and loss-of-heterozygosity that associated with recurrent disease were identified.

Results

The most significant differences (p < 0.01) in Loss-of-heterozygosity (LOH) were identified in two relatively small regions of chromosome 19; 8.0-8,8 Mbp (19 genes) and 51.5-53.0 Mbp (37 genes). Thus, 56 genes on chromosome 19 were potential candidate genes associated with clinical outcome. LOH at 19q (51-56 Mbp) was associated with shorter disease-free survival and was an independent prognostic factor for survival in a multivariate Cox regression analysis. In particular LOH on chromosome 19q (51-56 Mbp) was significantly (p < 0.01) associated with loss of TP53 function.

Conclusions

The results of our study indicate that presence of two aberrations in TP53 on 17p and LOH on 19q in early stage serous ovarian cancer is associated with recurrent disease. Further studies related to the findings of chromosomes 17 and 19 are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanism behind the recurring genomic aberrations and the poor clinical outcome.
GCH1-Polymorphism and Pain Sensitivity among Women with Provoked Vestibulodynia
Authors: Heddini Ulrika , Bohm-Starke Nina , Grönbladh Alfhild , Nyberg Fred , Nilsson Kent W , Johannesson Ulrika
Published: September 2012

Background:

Provoked vestibulodynia (PVD) is a pain disorder localized in the vestibular mucosa. It is the most common cause of dyspareunia among young women and it is associated with general pain hypersensitivity and other chronic pain conditions. Polymorphism in the guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase ( GCH1) gene has been found to influence general pain sensitivity and the risk of developing a longstanding pain condition. The aim of this study was to investigate GCH1-polymorphism in women with PVD and healthy controls, in correlation to pain sensitivity.

Results:

We found no correlation between the previously defined pain-protective GCH1-SNP combination and the diagnosis of PVD. Nor any correlation with pain sensitivity measured as pressure pain thresholds on the arm, leg and in the vestibule, coital pain scored on a visual analog scale and prevalence of other bodily pain conditions among women with PVD (n = 98) and healthy controls (n = 102). However, among patients with current treatment (n = 36), there was a significant interaction effect of GCH1-gene polymorphism and hormonal contraceptive (HC) therapy on coital pain (p = 0.04) as well as on pressure pain thresholds on the arm (p = 0.04). PVD patients carrying the specified SNP combination and using HCs had higher pain sensitivity compared to non-carriers. In non-HC-users, carriers had lower pain sensitivity.

Conclusions:

The results of this study gave no support to the hypothesis that polymorphism in the GCH1-gene contributes to the etiology of PVD. However, among patients currently receiving treatment an interaction effect of the defined SNP combination and use of hormonal contraceptives on pain sensitivity was found. This finding offers a possible explanation to the clinically known fact that some PVD patients improve after cessation of hormonal contraceptives, indicating that PVD patients carrying the defined SNP combination of GCH1 would benefit from this intervention.
Ultrabithorax confers spatial identity in a context-specific manner in the Drosophila postembryonic ventral nervous system
Authors: Marin Elizabeth C , Dry Katie E , Alaimo Danielle R , Rudd Kirstin T , Cillo Anthony R , Clenshaw Michael E , Negre Nicolas , White Kevin P , Truman James W
Published: September 2012

Background

In holometabolous insects such as Drosophila melanogaster, neuroblasts produce an initial population of diverse neurons during embryogenesis and a much larger set of adult-specific neurons during larval life. In the ventral CNS, many of these secondary neuronal lineages differ significantly from one body segment to another, suggesting a role for anteroposterior patterning genes.

Results

Here we systematically characterize the expression pattern and function of the Hox gene Ultrabithorax (Ubx) in all 25 postembryonic lineages. We find that Ubx is expressed in a segment-, lineage-, and hemilineage-specific manner in the thoracic and anterior abdominal segments. When Ubx is removed from neuroblasts via mitotic recombination, neurons in these segments exhibit the morphologies and survival patterns of their anterior thoracic counterparts. Conversely, when Ubx is ectopically expressed in anterior thoracic segments, neurons exhibit complementary posterior transformation phenotypes.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrate that Ubx plays a critical role in conferring segment-appropriate morphology and survival on individual neurons in the adult-specific ventral CNS. Moreover, while always conferring spatial identity in some sense, Ubx has been co-opted during evolution for distinct and even opposite functions in different neuronal hemilineages.
The Evolving Threat of Influenza Viruses of Animal Origin and the Challenges in Developing Appropriate Diagnostics
Authors: Mak Polly WY , Jayawardena Shanthi , Poon Leo LM
Published: September 2012

BACKGROUND

An H1N1 subtype of swine origin caused the first influenza pandemic in this century. This pandemic strain was a reassortant of avian, swine, and human influenza viruses. Many diagnostic laboratories were overwhelmed by the testing demands related to this pandemic. Nevertheless, there remains the threat of other animal influenza viruses, such as highly pathogenic H5N1. As a part of pandemic preparedness, it is essential to identify the diagnostic challenges that will accompany the next pandemic.

CONTENT

We discuss the natural reservoir of influenza viruses and the possible role of livestock in the emergence of pandemic strains. The current commonly used molecular tests for influenza diagnosis or surveillance are also briefly reviewed. Some of these approaches are also used to detect animal viruses. Unfortunately, owing to a lack of systematic surveillance of animal influenza viruses, established tests may not be able to detect pandemic strains that have yet to emerge from the animal reservoir. Thus, multiple strategies need to be developed for better identification of influenza viruses. In addition, molecular assays for detection of mutations associated with antiviral resistance and for viral segment reassortments should also be encouraged.

Influenza viruses are highly dynamic viruses. Regular and systematic influenza surveillance in both humans and animals is essential to provide a more comprehensive picture of the prevalent influenza viruses. To better prepare for the next pandemic, we should develop some simple and easy-to-use tests for characterizing newly emerging influenza viruses.
The monster and the zombie: English as a lingua franca and the Latin analogy
Authors: Wilton, Antje
Published: September 2012

This article discusses how current sociolinguistic research in ELF, a comparison of English and Latin as linguae francae (the Latin analogy) and language teaching can be drawn upon to bring the phenomenon of ELF to the attention of young language users and learners in order to help them understand what is happening in the linguistic world around them. The discussion involves considerations of the following issues: (1) the emotionally charged debates, both academically and publicly, of English as a lingua franca; (2) sociolinguistic research on English as a lingua franca; (3) the Latin analogy, making reference to the historical development of Latin as an indicator for the future development of English; (4) the integration of sociolinguistic issues such as the use of English as a lingua franca into the language curriculum; and (5) the development of cross-curricular language teaching units.
Genetic Ablation of Hypocretin Neurons Alters Behavioral State Transitions in Zebrafish
Authors: Elbaz Idan , Yelin-Bekerman Laura , Nicenboim Julian , Vatine Gad , Appelbaum Lior
Published: September 2012

Sleep is an essential biological need of all animals studied to date. The sleep disorder narcolepsy is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, fragmentation of nighttime sleep, and cataplexy. Narcolepsy is caused by selective degeneration of hypothalamic hypocretin/orexin (HCRT) neurons. In mammals, HCRT neurons primarily regulate the sleep/wake cycle, feeding, reward-seeking, and addiction. The role of HCRT neurons in zebrafish is implicated in both sleep and wake regulation. We established a transgenic zebrafish model enabling inducible ablation of HCRT neurons and used these animals to understand the function of HCRT neurons and narcolepsy. Loss of HCRT neurons increased the expression of the HCRT receptor (hcrtr). Behavioral assays revealed that HCRT neuron-ablated larvae had normal locomotor activity, but demonstrated an increase in sleep time during the day and an increased number of sleep/wake transitions during both day and night. Mild sleep disturbance reduced sleep and increasedc-fosexpression in HCRT neuron-ablated larvae. Furthermore, ablation of HCRT neurons altered the behavioral response to external stimuli. Exposure to light during the night decreased locomotor activity of wild-type siblings, but induced an opposite response in HCRT neuron-ablated larvae. Sound stimulus during the day reduced the locomotor activity of wild-type sibling larvae, while HCRT neuron-ablated larvae demonstrated a hyposensitive response. This study establishes zebrafish as a model for narcolepsy, and indicating a role of HCRT neurons in regulation of sleep/wake transitions during both day and night. Our results further suggest a key role of HCRT neurons in mediating behavioral state transitions in response to external stimuli.
Sôbre a formula de Miller das faces tautozonas
Authors: Salgado Eduardo A.
Published: September 2012

Apresenta o autor uma dedução nova, através da projeção estereográfica, da fórmula de Miller em que são interessadas faces em zona.
Atividade proteolítica e amonificante de vários tipos de solo do estado de São Paulo. I. - Solo latosol vermelho amarelo, com e sem cobertura morta
Authors: Ménard L. Neptune , Joly S.
Published: September 2012

Os autores estudam, no presente trabalho, um solo tipo Latosol Vermelho Amarelo, com e sem cobertura morta, em 2 profundidades diferentes. Concluiram sôbre as vantagens de se manter um solo com cobertura morta que permite um aumento da microflora total e dos elementos nutritivos, confirmado pelo pronunciado índice de atividade protelítica e amonificante do solo.
Determinação polarografica do zinco em plantas, após a sua separação em resina trocadora de íons
Authors: Catani R. A. , Gloria N. A. da , Bergamin Filho H.
Published: September 2012

O presente trabalho relata os dados obtidos na determinaçao do zinco em plantas segundo uma nova técnica. Esta nova técnica consistiu em se aliar a separação do zinco de outros interferentes, através do emprego de uma coluna de resina trocadora de anions, ao método polarografico da dosagem do citado elemento. A amostra de planta (1, 000g) foi incinerada em copo de Pyrex a 450-5009C durante 90 minutos e o zinco foi extraido da cinza com solução de HC1 2N. A separação do zinco de outros elementos interferentes foi feita pela passagem da solução através da resina trocadora de anions, Amberlite, IRA-401. Após a eluiçao do zinco da coluna, a solução obtida foi levada ao polarografo registrador. (Sargent, modelo XXI) para a determinação, Trabalhando-se com um conjunto de 10 (dez) a 12 (doze) colunas de resina, pode-se executar 10 (dez) a 12 (doze) determinações num periodo de 6 (seis) horas.
Anatomia histológica de alguns órgãos da lagarta e do adulto da Brassolis sophorae laurentii Stichel, 1925
Authors: Zamith Adiel Paes Leme
Published: September 2012

O autor continuando os seus estudos sôbre a Brassolis sophorae laurentii Stichel, estende-o a anatomia histológica de alguns órgãos, do adulto e da lagarta, especialmente do aparelho digestivo e do reprodutor.
Projeto pedagógico e qualidade do ensino público: algumas categorias de análise
Authors: Silva Vandré Gomes da
Published: September 2012

Este artigo analisa alguns usos do conceito de projeto pedagógico aplicado à escola pública e discute o sentido e as condições para sua plena realização. São identificados alguns elementos que favoreceriam as escolas públicas na execução de um projeto próprio e dificuldades enfrentadas nessa tarefa. Longe de significar apenas um documento escrito, descritivo de objetivos gerais e métodos de ensino, o projeto pedagógico pode traduzir uma dinâmica peculiar de funcionamento, proporcionada pelo trabalho coletivamente organizado dos agentes institucionais da escola, com base no entendimento e na discussão do princípio maior da formação do cidadão. Explicitam-se, assim, alguns elementos indissociáveis à formulação de um padrão de qualidade em educação, a partir de práticas concretas em que cada escola pública possa, de forma coerente, cumprir o papel que lhe cabe nessas condições.
É possível relacionar avaliação discente e formação de professores? A experiência de São Paulo
Authors: Bauer Adriana
Published: September 2012

No contexto da política educacional paulista, busca-se relacionar os resultados do Sistema de Avaliação do Rendimento Escolar do Estado de São Paulo (Saresp) ao direcionamento de ações de formação de professores. Este trabalho amplia a análise teórica do texto original, produzido durante o mestrado da autora, que focou a articulação entre o Saresp e os programas de formação contínua da rede estadual. Partindo dos anúncios da relação presente nos documentos oficiais, questiona-se em que medida é pertinente elaborar programas e ações de formação e bonificação de professores, tendo como pressuposto que os resultados dos alunos nas avaliações ilustram as necessidades de formação dos docentes e o trabalho realizado pelos professores. Conclui-se que essa relação não é direta, apesar de ser defendida no âmbito de elaboração de políticas educacionais preocupadas com a gestão racionalizada do sistema educacional, e aponta-se a necessidade de estudos e debates mais aprofundados sobre o binômio formação de professores/resultados de desempenho de alunos.
Escolas eficazes na educação de jovens e adultos: estudo de casos na rede municipal do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Silva Jaqueline Luzia da , Bonamino Alicia Maria Catalano de , Ribeiro Vera Masagão
Published: September 2012

O artigo apresenta uma pesquisa que buscou identificar características de escolas que têm a capacidade de incidir positivamente no processo de alfabetização e na redução dos índices de evasão dos alunos da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA). Foram analisadas três escolas da rede municipal do Rio de Janeiro que integram o Programa de Educação de Jovens e Adultos (PEJA) e têm bons indicadores de aprendizagem, permanência e aprovação, à luz da literatura sobre a pesquisa em eficácia escolar. Os resultados mostram que as escolas eficazes na modalidade EJA tomam atitudes explícitas para promover a assiduidade dos alunos. Estas instituições são organizadas quanto à disciplina e orientação curricular, além de contar com equipes pedagógicas (diretores, coordenadores, orientadores e professores) integradas e focadas no ensino e na aprendizagem. E mantêm altas expectativas em relação ao desempenho e à trajetória escolar dos alunos.
A fantasia e o baile de máscaras do final do milênio
Authors: Lanzarin Claudia Cruz
Published: September 2012

Neste trabalho, pretendo estudar um modo de uso muito específico da Internet. Chamarei aqui de relações virtuais os vínculos, mesmo que efêmeros, que se estabelecem nos chats entre sujeitos que supostamente não se conhecem fora do ciberespaço. Nestas formas de relacionamento a adoção de um pseudônimo ou mesmo a construção de uma ou mais personagens são freqüentes.Tentarei, no texto, estabelecer algumas relações entre a produção subjetiva (personagem construída) e o conceito psicanalítico de fantasia.
O pastor psicanalista Oskar Pfister: um legado de desconforto
Authors: Gomez Maria Luísa Trovato
Published: September 2012

Artigo derivado da dissertação de mestrado O legado de Oskar Pfister : um percurso cristão na psicanálise (Universidade de São Paulo - 1999). Toma a motivação do pastor luterano e discípulo de Freud, Oskar Pfister (1873 - 1956) para adotar a psicanálise como modelo de sua clínica, para nomear os temas centrais presentes na produção desse autor, os quais determinam sua peculiaridade com relação à apresentação de Freud: a aceitação da força vital única em oposição à dualidade pulsional freudiana; a apresentação da noção de sublimação consciente; e a proposta da análise moral assumida por um analista idealista. Procura , então, apontar a relevância e a atualidade do estudo do campo posto por essas proposições, indicando a especificidade do campo transferencial que delas deriva. A organização psicanalítica das múltiplas visões de mundo compartilhadas na contemporaneidade e a compreensão da dimensão da consciência é apontada, pois, como questão de investigação. Relaciona a experiência concreta do analista frente aos temas evocados por Pfister a um legado de desconforto, o qual é acolhido pelo analista empenhado em examinar suas crenças pessoais e, por fim, sugere que esse desconforto pode ser compreendido como um contraponto necessário ao desamparo constitutivo essencial ao analista, assinalado pela psicanálise.
Psicossomática um estudo histórico e epistemológico
Authors: Cerchiari Ednéia Albino Nunes
Published: September 2012

Artigo originado da Dissertação de Mestrado “ Uma Contribuição ao Estudo da Relação Câncer de Mama e Alexitimia”¹. Trata-se de um detalhado estudo teórico sobre o tema, abrangendo a psicossomática desde suas origens às abordagens atuais. Procura fazer um levantamento de quais doenças que se encontram sob esta denominação e qual o fator etiológico predominante se biológico ou psíquico. Analisa também a alexitimia em sua relação com a psicossomática. Sugerir ainda o termo somatopsicose como o mais indicado para referenciar as doenças designadas psicossomáticas.
Novos caminhos para a psicologia do trânsito
Authors: Rozestraten Reinier Johannes Antonius
Published: September 2012

Pretendemos nestertigo fornecer algumas informações a respeito do 37º Congresso de Psicologia de Trânsito em Braunschweig (Alemanha) em setembro de 1998. Alguns pontos importantes foram: a presença maciça de psicólogos de sexo masculino, mais ou menos 4/5, o caráter interdisciplinar, a extensão para todas as modalidades de trânsito , o elevado número de professores universitários apresentando trabalhos, a apresentação de um bom número de novos testes, especialmente o modelo multiteste por computador acoplado a simulador pelo VerkehrsKuratorium de Viena, a ênfase sobre a terapia comportamental para condutores com follow-up de vários anos, a apresentação de psicologia de trânsito por Internet e a insistência nos meios para conseguir uso mais intensivo do transporte coletivo bem como a educação para condutores agressivos e estressados. Além disto, chamou a atenção o excelente material didático do Centro Educacional de Trânsito da próprias cidade de Braunschweig. Merece menção que também Alemanha ganhou seu novo Código de Trânsito em dezembro de 1997.
O ensino do Rorschach em uma amostra brasileira
Authors: Castro Paulo Francisco de
Published: September 2012

Apresenta-se uma descrição de um levantamento realizado sobre as características do ensino do Psicodiagnóstico de Rorschach em uma amostra de Instituições de Ensino Superior brasileiras. Serão enfocados aspectos da caracterização das Instituições e de suas disciplinas; além disto, serão apresentados dados sobre o sistema de classificação adotados, sobre a metodologia de ensino adotada e uma descrição das atividades práticas.
A precocidade do processo de alfabetização: considerações acerca da prontidão da criança
Authors: Lima Vanessa
Published: September 2012

O artigo relata minha experiência como psicóloga escolar ao tratar da questão da prontidão para a alfabetização, lidando com os anseios paternos e o posicionamento de escolas públicas e particulares ao ingressar precocemente crianças neste processo.
Saúde mental na rede pública: possibilidade de inserção psicanalítica?
Authors: Goidanich Márcia
Published: September 2012

O presente estudo foi elaborado a partir de questões que surgiram da experiência de trabalho em um Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde Mental da rede pública. São analisadas as particularidades técnicas do trabalho clínico neste ambulatório. Questiona-se sobre a possibilidade da psicanálise inserir-se em um meio tão distinto daquele em que tradicionalmente atua. O estudo conclui que a inserção psicanalítica neste meio parece ser uma via possível e mesmo necessária, mas que para isso é preciso interesse tanto por parte das políticas públicas de saúde, como dos psicanalistas, que precisam vencer suas próprias resistências.
Identidade, alteridade e globalização: uma reflexão a partir do testemunho de Rigoberta Menchú
Authors: Magnabosco Maria Madalena
Published: September 2012

O artigo busca refletir - através do testemunho narrativo de Rigoberta Menchú como uma das expressões da alteridade latino-americana - as questões relativas a uma justaposição dos conceitos de identificação e identidade no contexto da globalização. Essa justaposição ofusca o discurso político da alteridade pela construção de uma racionalidade homogênea de desenvolvimento econômico, político e cultural, que, ao trabalhar com a verossimilhança de significados, interdita a enunciação de vozes locais, a partir de seus contextos posicionais.
Por uma ética na saúde: algumas reflexões sobre a ética e o ser ético na atuação do psicólogo
Authors: Medeiros Giane Amanda
Published: September 2012

A ética vem sendo tema freqüente de discussão, abarcando várias instâncias da sociedade. Nas instituições de saúde são prementes as questões referentes a parâmetros e limites na intervenção sobre os seres humanos. Neste artigo, proponho pensar a ética na saúde, bem como possíveis caminhos que sustentem uma postura profissional norteada pela/para a ética.
Cargos de livre nomeação: reflexões com base no empreendedor público em um estado-membro do Brasil
Authors: Valadares Josiel Lopes , Emmendoerfer Magnus Luiz
Published: September 2012

Este artigo visa, de forma reflexiva, a identificar as evidências de modernização da administração pública que um Estado-membro do Brasil obteve com o provimento de cargos de confiança como o cargo de empreendedor público. Em termos metodológicos, segue-se uma abordagem qualitativa e a coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de dados primários e secundários. Para a realização da análise foi adotada a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Como contribuições, observa-se que o processo de pré-qualificação do empreendedor público trouxe um avanço para a administração pública no que tange à nomeação de cargos comissionados. No entanto, através da revisão da literatura e dos dados analisados, observou-se também que os cargos de livre nomeação no Brasil podem servir de moeda de troca na busca de apoio político por parte dos governos, quando não se constituem em mera apropriação clientelista de postos de trabalho, cujo acesso dá-se sem concurso público.
Concentrações de BAP sobre a proliferação in vitro de brotos de Lippia alba [(Mill.)N.E.Brown]
Authors: Asmar S.A. , Resende R.F. , Araruna E.C. , Morais T.P. , Luz J.M.Q.
Published: September 2012

Lippia alba é uma planta de origem brasileira, pertencente à família Verbenaceae. É conhecida por combater a insônia e a asma, além de possuir ação anticonvulsivante e antifúngica. A micropropagação tem sido utilizada para multiplicação de várias espécies com propriedades medicinais, e o BAP é a citocinina sintética mais utilizada para a multiplicação in vitro. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer a concentração adequada de BAP na multiplicação in vitro de L. alba. Explantes constituídos de segmentos nodais provenientes de plântulas já estabelecidas in vitro com aproximadamente 0,5 cm foram inoculados em meio MS, suplementado com 0,0; 0,5; 1,0 e 1,5 mg L-1 de BAP em adição de 30 g L-1 de sacarose. A utilização de 1,5 mg L-1 de BAP promove a multiplicação in vitro de L. alba. A ausência deste regulador propicia maior número de folhas e o uso na concentração de 0,5 mg L-1 aumentou as massas fresca e seca de parte aérea nesta espécie.
Alkali-activated geopolymer produced by seeded fly ash and rice husk bark ash
Authors: Nazari Ali , Rohani Arash Famil
Published: September 2012

In the present work, the flexural strength, percentage of water absorption and pore structure of inorganic polymers (geopolymers) made from a combination of fine and coarse fly ash and rice husk bark ash (seeded mixture) have been investigated. Different specimens were subjected to strength, water absorption and porosimetry tests at 7 and 28 days of curing. The curing regime varied: one set of the specimens was cured at room temperature until 7 and 28 days and the other sets were oven-cured for 36 h at the range of 40 to 90°C and then cured at room temperature until 7 and 28 days. The results indicate that the specimens having a silicon dioxide/aluminium oxide ratio equal to 2·99 and cured at 80°C in both the 7 and 28-day regimes have the best flexural strength and resistance to water absorption and their total specific pore volume is minimum. An empirical relationship was found to correlate the flexural strength to the percentage of water absorption of the specimens at different ages of curing.
Dodecaphony: Enacting Support Brokerage in the Twelve Cash & Counseling Expansion States
Authors: Randall Jennifer , Bekteshi Venera
Published: September 2012

Support brokers are entities that provide information and assistance to self-directed clients in Medicaid waiver programs. Although all Cash & Counseling programs have support brokerage, each state has a great deal of liberty in determining how those functions are carried out, who provides those activities, which functions are emphasized, and how responsibility for support broker tasks coordinates with other support activities. In this article, we map out the various ways in which states have operationalized the support brokerage concept. Differences in title, qualifications, training, hiring preferences, and caseload are described, and further directions for research are suggested.
An efficient synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of Schiff bases containing 9,10-anthracenedione moiety
Authors: Fareed Ghulam , Versiani Ali , Afza Nighat , Fareed Nazia , Ali Irfan , Kalhoro Ali
Published: September 2012

A new method has been developed for the synthesis of novel Schiff bases
containg anthraquinone moiety using dodeca-Tungstosilicic acid/P2O5 under
solvent free conditions at room temperature. The reaction was completed in
1-3 minutes with excellent yields. This method was found to be more
efficient, easy and hazardous free for the synthesis of azomethines. The
development of these type of methadologies in synthetic chemistry may
contribute to green chemistry. The structures of synthesized novel Schiff
bases was elucidated using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, LCMS, FTIR and CHN analysis.
King John's Gloriette at Corfe Castle
Authors: Reeve Matthew M. , Thurlby Malcolm
Published: September 2012

In this article, we examine the fragmentary remains of King John's Gloriette, a domestic palace at Corfe Castle (Dorset) built around 1201-5. Through analysis of the fabric and historical evidence we argue that the Gloriette was designed and built by a master mason with a detailed knowledge of contemporary work at Wells Cathedral and Glastonbury Abbey. The complex relationships between ecclesiastical and secular architecture are then considered, and suggestions are made about integrating "secular" architecture into broader narratives of medieval architectural history. We conclude by discussing the social context of castle patronage in the Early Gothic period and the iconography of the Gloriette vis-à-vis its possible architectural and literary prototypes.
The Uses of Nostalgia: Stirling and Gowan's Preston Housing
Authors: Crinson Mark
Published: September 2012

James Stirling and James Gowan's Preston housing scheme (1957-61) has been largely neglected by architectural historians. The Preston housing demonstrates that Victorianism had an earlier and far stronger role in Stirling's movement toward a skeptical engagement with modernism and a more reconciliatory approach to architectures of the past. This article casts new light on the scheme through a close examination of the buildings themselves, the architects' statements, and Stirling's photographs. The architects brought two new resources to the work on these buildings: an interest in the regional aspects of the "functional tradition" and a willingness to use elements of the then-depised Victorian city, especially the typology of its bylaw streets. Critical response centred on the scheme's alleged "nostalgia," but the architects anticipated this reaction by adopting a positive understanding of nostalgia that enabled them to reconsider the possibilities of a retrospective and place-specific architecture in postwar Britain.
Nationalist Texts and Counter-Texts: Southey's Roderick and the Dissensions of the Annotated Romance
Authors: Saglia Diego
Published: September 2012

This essay examines the complex relationship between poetry and notes in Southey's Roderick, the Last of the Goths (1814) and the ways in which this double textual structure bears upon the national narrative of the poem. Following the popular tradition of annotated metrical tales and oscillating between romance and epic, Southey's poem is shown to be a plural work in which the prose appendage complicates the seemingly clear celebration of the Spanish nation proposed by the poetry. The poetry, indeed, constructs Gothic Spain as a modern-day nation through an accumulation of characters, tales, and objects. In general, the notes support this nation-making project by creating an archeologically reliable history of the nation. Frequently, however, they also subvert this history by unmasking the manipulations and gaps of the nationalist narrative. The counter-text of the prose marginalia can therefore be said to function as a Derridean supplement and, moreover, as a historically localized set of discourses that both construct and disperse the nation. As remarked by one of Southey's first reviewers, this textual strategy constitutes a kind of "knowing style," a subversion of poetry by prose (and vice-versa), particularly significant at a time when the author was not only shifting from radical to conservative positions but also gradually abandoning poetry in favor of historiography. By focusing on the competing narratives of the Spanish nation in prose and verse, this essay provides an insight into Roderick as caught between the contradictory multiplicity of its discourse and the attempt to deliver an ideologically closed narrative.
Charlotte Dacre and the Feminization of Violence
Authors: Dunn James A.
Published: September 2012

Charlotte Dacre's relatively neglected fictions create a unique space in the dialectic of violence that characterizes so much of British Romanticism. Her simultaneous attraction to and repulsion from violence is reflective of an era that apotheosized the sublime, which formed its imagination on the bloody Revolution in France and the increasingly visible brutalities of industrialism, and that made the Gothic its most popular literary commodity. But Dacre's peculiar contribution to this hermeneutic is to build through her four major novels a mythology by which violence emerges, most of all, from feminine libidinous drives. This essay, therefore, begins by contrasting Dacre's approach to feminine sexual desire with that of two other notable women writers of the period, Letitia Elizabeth Landon and Mary Tighe. The essay continues to explore Dacre's most purely Gothic expression, Zofloya (1806), particularly through the scene in which Victoria stalks, attacks, and murders a girl whom she perceives to be her sexual rival. And it concludes with an analysis of a lesser-known novel, The Passions (1811), and its vibrant anti-heroine, Appollonia Zulmer. Troped as noble hunter, ferocious goddess, social critic, and scorned woman, Appollonia is Dacre's most complex vision of the meaning of feminine violence. Still, Dacre's ultimate inclination is toward tragic irony: though she vigorously rewrites the conventional Gothic script (where women are the victims of demonic men), she does not envision anything like the comic release dreamed of, more than a century later, in Hélène Cixous's "The Laugh of the Medusa."
Romola and Milton: A Cultural History of Rewriting
Authors: Nardo Anna K.
Published: September 2012

George Eliot's novel of fifteenth-century Florence, Romola, represents her struggles with both the history of Western culture and her real and literary fathers by reimagining Milton's life and thought. As heir to both Renaissance humanism and Reformation zeal, as a central historical link between fifteenth-century Florence and Victorian England, as the patriarch of English letters, and as the father of rebellious daughters, Milton is the unacknowledged father in Romola, and the stories of his family are woven into the fabric of the novel. Recovering the cultural history of these stories-retold by biographers for two centuries and fictionalized throughout the nineteenth century-allows us to historicize and expand Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar's insight that Milton is present in Romola, but also to confute their widely accepted conclusion (quoting Harold Bloom) that Milton was for Eliot, as for other women writers, "the great Inhibitor, the Sphinx who strangles even strong imaginations in their cradles."
Eros and Ideology: At the Heart of Hawthorne's Blithedale
Authors: Miller John N.
Published: September 2012

The Blithedale Romance dramatizes Nathaniel Hawthorne's career-long preoccupation with the human heart. Rather than the oft-acknowledged "head versus heart" struggle, his third mature romance features a "heart versus heart" conflict, in which "heart" represents both the passional, erotic impulses of the romance's characters and the ideals of sympathy, brotherhood/sisterhood, community, and familial love. Blithedale's utopianism, especially as asserted by the romance's first-person narrator, Miles Coverdale, rests upon the latter, ideal, or ideological notion of "heart." Much to Coverdale's nostalgic regret, neither Blithedale's ideology nor the community itself can survive the jealousies, rivalries, and erotic entanglements of the romance's four main characters. This ideology corresponds to Hawthorne's own desperately affirmed belief in "the magnetic chain of humanity," "the great universal heart," and the powers of sympathy and familial love. This belief, in turn, might derive from the Age of Sentiment-the later eighteenth century and subsequent decades. Despite his dour portrayal of Puritan behavior in The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne posits a "larger and warmer heart of the multitude" that can vibrate "into one accord of sympathy." An abstract, authorially asserted ideology in The Scarlet Letter, it becomes a motive and emotional complication for Coverdale and others in The Blithedale Romance, tested and ultimately defeated by eros.
Reanimating Stevenson's Corpus
Authors: Buckton Oliver S.
Published: September 2012

Despite the reanimation of critical and biographical interest in Robert Louis Stevenson in recent years, the significance of a vital source of narrative energy and desire in his fiction has remained buried in obscurity. The reanimated corpse plays a central role in The Wrong Box, Stevenson's comic masterpiece of 1889, and also surfaces in other of his fictions including Treasure Island (1883), The Master of Ballantrae (1889), and The Ebb-Tide (1893-94). The desires brought into play by these narratives of reanimation are at once secret and homoerotic in nature, infringing taboos by treating death in a comic light, and by reminding readers of what were considered "unspeakable" sexual practices between men. In its disruption of narrative plot, moreover, the reanimated corpse represents an assault on the nineteenth-century realist aesthetic and has a contaminating effect on the agents of narrative closure in Stevenson's fiction. Despite the attempts to conceal or dispose of the unruly corpse, it continues to evoke disturbing desires that, once brought to life, cannot be "buried" by the narratives' strategies of containment. The corpse is thus associated with the indefinite deferral of narrative closure, and with the hollowness of character in the romance style that Stevenson preferred over literary realism. Through its effects of generic disruption and narrative desire, the reanimated corpse ultimately demonstrates the impossibility of containing Stevenson's work in any of the "boxes" traditionally constructed for the classification of narrative fiction.
Emersonian Strategies: Negative Liberty, Self-Reliance, and Democratic Individuality
Authors: Patell Cyrus R. K.
Published: September 2012

Emersonian political thought subjects the term "individualism," which was invented in Europe as a description of the defects of Enlightenment thought and used by Tocqueville pejoratively as a critique of American democracy, to a process of idealization that enables it to appropriate concepts that might other-wise be conceived as oppositional to it. Emersonianism inherits Locke's negative conception of freedom as freedom from restraint, but claims that negative liberty inevitably transforms itself into a form of positive liberty that nurtures communal institutions. From Emerson himself to George Kateb today, Emersonians have relied upon a methodological individualism in which they shift the ground of inquiry from culture and society to the individual and traslate moments of social choice into moments of individual choice. This methodological strategy is a literal application of the motto e pluribus unum, which expresses the idea that the American nation is formed through the union of many individuals and peoples. In the hands of the Emersonians the customary sense of this motto is reversed: they move from the many to the one, to the single individual, paring away differences in order to reach a common denominator that will allow them to make claims about all individuals. At the heart of their endeavor is the belief that the health of the nation depends on its ability to respect and protect the individuality of each of its citizens.
"A Thick and Darksome Veil": The Rhetoric of Hawthorne's Sketches
Authors: Moore Thomas R.
Published: September 2012

Hawthorne's discourse reflected a blend the unadorned and the elegant, a skeptical attitude toward High Blair's admonition in Lectures on Rhetoric and Bells Lettres that simplicity is "essential to all true ornament." By analyzing representative sentences from several of Hawthorne's sketches and tale, this essay demonstrates that Hawthorne's apparent stylistic simplicity is a veil, that his outward adherence to Blair's rules for "Structure of Sentences" masks a socially and culturally variant subtext that undercuts the contemporary critical principles articulated by William Charvat in The Origins of American Critical Thought, 1810-1835. Hawthorne's hypotactic, periodic sentences reflect his characteristic tentativeness with their modals and multiple subordinate clauses. Hawthorne was drawn to an evasive style that underscores his noncommital narrative stance, and the tentativeness and uncertainty is a conscious rhetorical pose, an element the author added while shaping the notebook entries into the sketches. For Hawthorne the act of creation, with its source deep in the recesses of the human imagination, must be veiled-guarded by metaphor, analogy, and layers of protective clauses.
Economies of Living in Mrs. Gaskell's Cranford
Authors: Mulvihill James
Published: September 2012

"ECONOMY." writes William Cobbett in Cottage Economy (1821-22), "means management, and nothing more; and it is generally applied to the affairs of a house and family, which affairs are an object of the greatest importance, whether as relating to individuals or a nation." Due to the influence of the dismal science of political economy, the nineteeth century witnessed a narrowing of this concept to denote a specialized instrumentality rather than the integrated totality formerly encompassed by the term. In the novels of Mrs. Gaskell the standard of "economy" is applied in its older, undissociated sense, encompassing the regulation, rather than the mutually exclusive demarcation, of material and moral life. Throghout Gaskell's fiction the rightness or the wrongness of a household usually finds its objective correlative in the manifest management of that household. In Cranford (1853) everything from managing household expenditures to managing one's life is regualted by considerations of economy. The innumerable "small economies" practiced by Gaskell's characters are among innumerable such arrangements forming the larger social and narrative economy of Cranford/Cranford. Minor though they might seem, the sundry small events of village life are the principal on which Cranford draws for its barely eventful subsistence. In the same way, Cranford's narrative reflects the formal properties of economy. What finally emerges from his management of a slender store of incident is the identity between the local economy of Cranford/Cranford and larger fictional economies underlying Gaskell's narrative.
"Prodigious Poop": Comic Context and Psychological Subtext in Irving's Knickerbocker History
Authors: Cook Jonathan A.
Published: September 2012

This essay attempts to elucidate the structual principles of Irving's "low" humor in the Knickerbocker History of New York by showing that the History is predicated on a schema of human development. In this comprehensive comic allegory the "peopling" of North America suggests the process of human reproduction while the "infant history" of seventeenth-century New York parallels the process of childhood psychological development according to a Freudian psychoanalytic model. As clusters of comic imagery and episode reveal, the reigns of Irving's three Dutch governors-Walter the Doubter, William the Testy, and Peter the Headstrong-embody the oral, anal, and genital (phallic) stages of child development. Similarly, the instinctual orientation of the gubernatorial body is mirrored in the body politic. The reign of Peter Stuyvesant, which occupies the most space in the History, is also notable for a pair of allegorical doublets, Jacobus Von Poffenburgh and Antony Van Corlear, who represent Peter's false and true phallic heroes, respectively. During Peter's reign, an implied contest between these two phallic personages transpires, ending with the English takeover of New Amsterdam.
"That Kingdom of Gloo": Charlotte Brontë, the Annuals, and the Gothic
Authors: Alexander Christine
Published: September 2012

While Charlotte Brontë has been hailed as a writer of the "New Gothic," hers is not an isolated revision of so-called "old" Gothic but one that sprang naturally from a variety of contemporary source material in the period. This article examines the Brontë juvenilia and its sources in order to show that this change was as much a continuum in the history of literature as a new departure. The article focuses on the periodical literature of the early nineteenth century, in particular the Annuals that were introduced to the English market in 1822 and that continued to print Gothic tales and fragments well into the 1850s. From the Annuals Brontë learned not only to imitate but to parody the Gothic form: her early writings show that the Gothic allowed her to indulge in the exotic, the licentious, and the mysterious while at the same time assuming that anti-Gothic stance that is so characteristic in her novels. Moreover, her use of the Gothic doppelgänger allowed her to probe the psychological contradictions of her heroes Percy and Zamorna. Here we see Brontë's first step toward examining those "terrors that lie deep in the human soul." The deliberately complicated narrative can also be read as Gothic: it is a maze distorter by rival narrators and constructed chiefly from literary and visual models with the intention to confuse and amuse not only her siblings but her imagined audience. The Gothic provided basic material in this "play": a set of conventions that could be used first as raw material, then as the chief ingredient of parody, and finally-though gradually-as a means to explore the riddles of our thought and feeling.
Decapitating Romance: Class, Fetish, and Ideology in Keats's Isabella
Authors: Hoeveler Diane Long
Published: September 2012

Critics of Keats's Isabella; or, The Pot of Basil (1818) traditionally focus on the poem's "transitional" status between the early Endymion and the later and much greater odes. This article reads the poem as a shocking and angry poem by interrogating the meanings of the decapitated head that lies at the core of the text. By interrogating the head I read the work as an expression of Keats's attempt to bury his grief for his parents' deaths, to repudiate his middle-class origins, and to deny his attraction to "Romance," the popular Gothic ballad tradition of his day. The text explores Keats's very personal need to elide pain with words, the linguistic conventions of Romance. The fact that he could not bury the body of his pain, the fact that the body comes back to haunt and consume the living-these are the central issues Keats could not resolve in Isabella. The hungry heart one always senses while reading Keats becomes in this poem the mouth that devours, the voice in his own head that would not die, that would not stop repeating the tale of his pain, anger, doubt, and grief.