bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
H3K9me1/2 methylation limits the lifespan of daf-2 mutants in C. elegans
Authors: Huang Meng , Hong Minjie , Hou Xinhao , Zhu Chengming , Chen Di , Chen Xiangyang , Guang Shouhong , Feng Xuezhu
Published: September 2022

Histone methylation plays crucial roles in the development, gene regulation, and maintenance of stem cell pluripotency in mammals. Recent work shows that histone methylation is associated with aging, yet the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this work, we identified a class of putative histone 3 lysine 9 mono/dimethyltransferase genes (met-2, set-6, set-19, set-20, set-21, set-32, and set-33), mutations in which induce synergistic lifespan extension in the long-lived DAF-2 (insulin growth factor 1 [IGF-1] receptor) mutant in Caenorhabditis elegans. These putative histone methyltransferase plus daf-2 double mutants not only exhibited an average lifespan nearly three times that of wild-type animals and a maximal lifespan of approximately 100 days, but also significantly increased resistance to oxidative and heat stress. Synergistic lifespan extension depends on the transcription factor DAF-16 (FOXO). mRNA-seq experiments revealed that the mRNA levels of DAF-16 Class I genes, which are activated by DAF-16, were further elevated in the daf-2;set double mutants. Among these genes, tts-1, F35E8.7, ins-35, nhr-62, sod-3, asm-2, and Y39G8B.7 are required for the lifespan extension of the daf-2;set-21 double mutant. In addition, treating daf-2 animals with the H3K9me1/2 methyltransferase G9a inhibitor also extends lifespan and increases stress resistance. Therefore, investigation of DAF-2 and H3K9me1/2 deficiency-mediated synergistic longevity will contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of aging and therapeutic applications.
Progressive enhancement of kinetic proofreading in T cell antigen discrimination from receptor activation to DAG generation
Authors: Britain Derek M , Town Jason P , Weiner Orion David
Published: September 2022

T cells use kinetic proofreading to discriminate antigens by converting small changes in antigen-binding lifetime into large differences in cell activation, but where in the signaling cascade this computation is performed is unknown. Previously, we developed a light-gated immune receptor to probe the role of ligand kinetics in T cell antigen signaling. We found significant kinetic proofreading at the level of the signaling lipid diacylglycerol (DAG) but lacked the ability to determine where the multiple signaling steps required for kinetic discrimination originate in the upstream signaling cascade (Tiseher and Weiner, 2019). Here, we uncover where kinetic proofreading is executed by adapting our optogenetic system for robust activation of early signaling events. We find the strength of kinetic proofreading progressively increases from Zap70 recruitment to LAT clustering to downstream DAG generation. Leveraging the ability of our system to rapidly disengage ligand binding, we also measure slower reset rates for downstream signaling events. These data suggest a distributed kinetic proofreading mechanism, with proofreading steps both at the receptor and at slower resetting downstream signaling complexes that could help balance antigen sensitivity and discrimination.
Network design principle for robust oscillatory behaviors with respect to biological noise
Authors: Qiao Lingxia , Zhang Zhi-Bo , Zhao Wei , Wei Ping , Zhang Lei
Published: September 2022

Oscillatory behaviors, which are ubiquitous in transcriptional regulatory networks, are often subject to inevitable biological noise. Thus, a natural question is how transcriptional regulatory networks can robustly achieve accurate oscillation in the presence of biological noise. Here, we search all two- and three-node transcriptional regulatory network topologies for those robustly capable of accurate oscillation against the parameter variability (extrinsic noise) or stochasticity of chemical reactions (intrinsic noise). We find that, no matter what source of the noise is applied, the topologies containing the repressilator with positive autoregulation show higher robustness of accurate oscillation than those containing the activator-inhibitor oscillator, and additional positive autoregulation enhances the robustness against noise. Nevertheless, the attenuation of different sources of noise is governed by distinct mechanisms: the parameter variability is buffered by the long period, while the stochasticity of chemical reactions is filtered by the high amplitude. Furthermore, we analyze the noise of a synthetic human nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling network by varying three different topologies and verify that the addition of a repressilator to the activator-inhibitor oscillator, which leads to the emergence of high-robustness motif—the repressilator with positive autoregulation—improves the oscillation accuracy in comparison to the topology with only an activator-inhibitor oscillator. These design principles may be applicable to other oscillatory circuits.
Global chromatin mobility induced by a DSB is dictated by chromosomal conformation and defines the HR outcome
Authors: García Fernández Fabiola , Almayrac Etienne , Carré Simon Ànnia , Batrin Renaud , Khalil Yasmine , Boissac Michel , Fabre Emmanuelle
Published: September 2022

Repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is crucial for genome integrity. A conserved response to DSBs is an increase in chromatin mobility that can be local, at the site of the DSB, or global, at undamaged regions of the genome. Here, we address the function of global chromatin mobility during homologous recombination (HR) of a single, targeted, controlled DSB. We set up a system that tracks HR in vivo over time and show that two types of DSB-induced global chromatin mobility are involved in HR, depending on the position of the DSB. Close to the centromere, a DSB induces global mobility that depends solely on H2A(X) phosphorylation and accelerates repair kinetics, but is not essential. In contrast, the global mobility induced by a DSB away from the centromere becomes essential for HR repair and is triggered by homology search through a mechanism that depends on H2A(X) phosphorylation, checkpoint progression, and Rad51. Our data demonstrate that global mobility is governed by chromosomal conformation and differentially coordinates repair by HR.
Trends in female-selective abortion among Asian diasporas in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada and Australia
Authors: Meh Catherine , Jha Prabhat
Published: September 2022

Preference for sons and smaller families and, in the case of China, a one-child policy, have contributed to missing girl births in India and China over the last few decades due to sex-selective abortions. Selective abortion occurs also among Indian and Chinese diaspora, but their variability and trends over time are unknown. We examined conditional sex ratio (CSR) of girl births per 1000 boy births among second or third births following earlier daughters or sons in India, China, and their diaspora in Australia, Canada, United Kingdom (UK), and United States (US) drawing upon 18.4 million birth records from census and nationally representative surveys from 1999 to 2019. Among Indian women, the CSR in 2016 for second births following a first daughter favoured boys in India (866), similar to those in diaspora in Australia (888) and Canada (882). For third births following two earlier daughters in 2016, CSRs favoured sons in Canada (520) and Australia (653) even more than in India (769). Among women in China outside the one-child restriction, CSRs in 2015 for second order births somewhat favoured more girls after a first son (1154) but more heavily favoured boys after a first daughter (561). Third-birth CSRs generally fell over time among diaspora, except among Chinese diaspora in the UK and US. In the UK, third-birth CSRs fell among Indian but not among other South Asian diasporas. Selective abortion of girls is notable among Indian diaspora, particularly at higher-order births.
OES-Fed: a federated learning framework in vehicular network based on noise data filtering
Authors: Lei Yuan , Wang Shir Li , Su Caiyu , Ng Theam Foo
Published: September 2022

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is an interactive network providing intelligent traffic management, intelligent dynamic information service, and intelligent vehicle control to running vehicles. One of the main problems in the IoV is the reluctance of vehicles to share local data resulting in the cloud server not being able to acquire a sufficient amount of data to build accurate machine learning (ML) models. In addition, communication efficiency and ML model accuracy in the IoV are affected by noise data caused by violent shaking and obscuration of in-vehicle cameras. Therefore we propose a new Outlier Detection and Exponential Smoothing federated learning (OES-Fed) framework to overcome these problems. More specifically, we filter the noise data of the local ML model in the IoV from the current perspective and historical perspective. The noise data filtering is implemented by combining data outlier, K-means, Kalman filter and exponential smoothing algorithms. The experimental results of the three datasets show that the OES-Fed framework proposed in this article achieved higher accuracy, lower loss, and better area under the curve (AUC). The OES-Fed framework we propose can better filter noise data, providing an important domain reference for starting field of federated learning in the IoV.
To Study on Knowledge of Onion Crop Production Technology by Farmers Sikar District of Rajasthan, India
Authors: Sharma Kartikeyan , Jahanara .
Published: September 2022

Agriculture is a major sector of the Indian economy, which provides employment for large proportion of the predominantly rural population. Besides this it also provides food for human consumption and raw materials for industries. There has been tremendous growth (20.32 per cent compound) in exports of processed fruit and vegetables particularly following new economic policies. India is the second largest producer of vegetables in the world next only to China. The average productivity of vegetable crops in India is considerable low (18 metric tons per hectare) as compared to that in other agriculturally developed countries of the world.

Agriculture sectors crop production has its own emphasis and importance. The study was conducted in Sikar district of Rajasthan to measure the knowledge and adoption of onion crop production technology. Total 120 respondents were selected randomly. The data was collected by personal interview method by using pre structure interview schedule later appropriate statistical analysis is done to find out the meaningful results. The majority of the respondents 50 percentage belongs to middle aged group. 35.84 percentage belongs to illiterate and 48.33 percent were doing agriculture as main occupation. 46.67 per cent have medium income level. Majority of 49.17 per cent respondents belongs to low level of knowledge and 44.17 per cent belongs to medium adoption level.
Effect of Phosphorous Level and Phosphorous Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) on Yield Attributes and Yield of Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.)
Authors: Chouhan Shubham , Sharma B. K. , Nayak M. P. , Ausari Praveen Kumar , Para Pavan Kumar
Published: September 2022

The present study was conducted at Research farm of R.A.K., college of Agriculture, Sehore, Madhya Pradesh during 2020-21. The experiment was laid out using Randomized Block Design with different levels of Phosphorus with or without PSB application (T1- 45 kg P2O5/ha, T2- 60 kg P2O5/ha, T3- 75 kg P2O5/ha,T4 -90 kg P2O5/ha, T5 - 45 kg P2O5/ha + PSB @ 5g/kg seed, T6 - 60 kg P2O5/ha + PSB @ 5g/kg seed, T7 - 75 kg P2O5/ha + PSB @ 5g/kg seed, T8 - 90 kg P2O5/ha + PSB @ 5g/kg seed).Treatment T7 found to be best for yield and yield attributes of berseem. Maximum no. of capsules/m2 (466), no. of seeds/capsule (28.81), Test weight (2.01 g), Seed yield (0.46 g/plant, 0.478 kg/plot, 239 kg/ha), Green fodder yield (63.75 kg/plot, 31870 kg/ha) and HI (10.21).While minimum recorded with treatment T1 (45kg P2O5/ha without PSB application).
Production and Optimization of Pullulanase by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia under Submerged Fermentation Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
Authors: Ikegwuonu Euphemia Afoma , Ire Francis Sopuruchukwu
Published: September 2022

Pullulanase is a starch debranching enzyme, that cleaves the α-1,6, glucosidic linkage. The research investigates the screening, production, and optimization of pullulanase from bacterial isolates. Five different soil samples were collected from Choba (River State) and Oshodi (Lagos State). The total culturable heterotrophic bacterial counts ranged from 2.21x10⁶ to 3.2 x 10⁶Cfu/ml. A total of eight bacterial isolates exhibited the potential to degrade pullulan which produced a clear halo zone at 70% around the colonies. The isolate with the highest pullulanase degradation was further investigated for production using wheat bran as substrate under submerged fermentation (SmF) applying RSM. Identification and characterization of the isolate were done using both conventional and molecular techniques. This isolate was identified molecularly as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The 16S rRNA sequence was deposited in GenBank under accession number MH225448.1. The optimum production of pullulanase obtained using One-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) was achieved with wheat bran (2.469U/ml) at 48h, pH 7 and temperature of 37⁰C. Optimization using RSM revealed the following optimum conditions; temperature 36ºC, pH 7.5, incubation period of 36h, and pullulan concentration of 1.5%. The result gathered from this study showed that the bacterial isolate can successfully utilize agro-waste materials for production of pullulanase. This poses great potential in ameliorating the environmental pollution arising from their poor disposal as well as encouraging the production of the enzyme at a low cost. The data from this study also makes the isolate a good candidate for the production of pullulanase for industrial purposes.
A Comparative Study on Mathematical Problems in Chinese and Japanese Textbooks Using the Synthesized Bloom Taxonomy
Authors: Jin Ziqing , Hong Xingyue , Wen Linzi , Jin Yashi , Jin Xujie , Ye Lixia , Jia Suijun
Published: September 2022

In order to study the characteristics of the problem design of mathematics textbooks in junior high school, this paper focuses on the comparative study on linear function sections of Chinese textbooks of people’ s edition  (P1) and Japanese textbooks named New Mathematics 2 (J1). Using the Synthesized Bloom Taxonomy (SBT), this paper compares the types of mathematical problems in two editions from two dimensions. In the cognitive process dimension, P1 and J1 both put emphasis on gasping basics and the competence to solve simple practical problems. In the knowledge dimension, P1 inclines toward processes of problem solving, requiring a step-by-step approach according to the clues provided and J1 better focus on the diversity and synthesis of the solutions. These results may provide references for mathematics teaching and learning in junior high schools.
Influence of Aspergillus niger Phospho-compost on Growth, Dry Matter Yield and P Uptake of Maize
Authors: Nyamedi Ivy Mamle , Larteh Isaac Tawiah , Kyere Kwabena
Published: September 2022

Aims: Soils in Ghana's coastal savanna are typically poor in phosphorus (P), which has an impact on crop growth and productivity. The majority of West African phosphate rock formations are not reactive; therefore, their direct applications do not facilitate easy P availability to crops. Co-composting organic waste with phosphate rock and using phosphorus-solubilizing microorganisms is the new paradigm adopted by scientists in response to the lack of P availability (PSMs). The goals of this study were to (1) assess the effect of Aspergillus niger in P dissolution in phosphate rock during composting with citrus waste (CW) and rice straw (RS) and (2) to evaluate the effect of phosphor-compost on growth, dry matter yield and P uptake of maize.

Methodology: Preparation of compost took place at University of Ghana Forest and Horticulture Research Center, Okumaning Camp close to Kade. Citrus waste and rice straw were used as feed stock. Each composting pile contained a mixture of urea, Togo phosphate rock, and feedstock in a 1:3:24 weight-to-weight ratio.

Results: According to the findings, citrus waste feedstock was superior to rice straw in dissolving the P in rock phosphate. In a pot experiment, the phospho-composts were assessed using maize (Zea mays) as the test crop.
Editorial
Authors: Coates Tony
Published: September 2022

From its origins in medicine, neurology and psychiatry, psychotherapy has expanded to include a large number of psychotherapeutic schools and disciplines. In New Zealand our Association has taken on the task of attempting to embrace all we can, and hold our diverse company together without coming apart at the seams.
Post-trauma dreams
Authors: Bowater Margaret
Published: September 2022

Post-trauma dreams are sufficiently different from the usual symbolic nightmare to merit particular attention. Two examples are given: one from Shakespeare, and another from the author's experience. Characteristic patterns are summarised, based on research by Hartmann, Siegel, and Stoddard et. al, indicating the normal process by which such dreams evolve into nightmares. Guidelines are suggested for dreamwork to assist clients' recovery, including taking note of the 'stuck points' signalled by repetitive elements in their dreams, and underlying issues in their philosophy of life.
The Shortest Stories and the Power of Parental Presence
Authors: Tagg Andrew
Published: September 2022

In this narrative medicine essay, a pediatrician describes his lingering questions about the care his daughter received during her very brief life while he was barred from operating room and compares it to being present when another daughter experienced a stressful birth.
Rates of Medicare Enrollment Among Dialysis Patients After Implementation of Medicare Payment Reform and the Affordable Care Act Marketplace
Authors: Wang Virginia , Zepel Lindsay , Hammill Bradley G. , Hoffman Abby , Sloan Caroline E. , Maciejewski Matthew L.
Published: September 2022

Importance

Medicare finances health care for most US patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), regardless of age. The 2011 Medicare prospective payment system (PPS) for dialysis reduced reimbursement for hemodialysis, and the 2014 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) Marketplace increased patient access to new private insurance options, potentially influencing organizations that provide health care, such as hospitals, nursing homes, and dialysis facilities, to adjust their payer mix away from Medicare sources.

Objective

To describe Medicare enrollment trends among patients with incident ESKD in 2006 to 2016.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study involved US patients aged 18 to 64 years who were not enrolled in Medicare at dialysis initiation in 2006 to 2016, with 1-year follow-up through 2017. Data analysis was conducted April 2021 to June 2022.

Exposures

The exposure of interest was a 3-category indicator of time, whether patients initiated dialysis before policies were enacted (2006-2010), in the first years of the Medicare ESKD PPS (2011-2013), or during the Medicare ESKD PPS and implementation of the ACA Marketplace (2014-2016).

Main Outcomes and Measures

Patient-level Medicare enrollment through the first year of dialysis. Logistic regression and Cox models were used to examine associations of time, patient characteristics, and Medicare enrollment, adjusting for patient demographic, clinical, and market-level characteristics.

Results

Of 335 157 patients aged 18 to 64 years with ESKD not actively enrolled in Medicare when they initiated dialysis in 2006 to 2016, the mean (SD) age was 49.9 (10.8) years, 198 164 (59.1%) were men, 188 290 (56.2%) were White, and 313 622 (93.6%) received in-center hemodialysis. New Medicare enrollment was higher in 2006 to 2010 (110 582 patients [73.1%]) than after the Medicare ESKD PPS and ACA Marketplace in 2014 to 2016 (55 382 patients [58.5%]). In adjusted analyses, declining Medicare enrollment was associated with implementation of 2011 Medicare ESKD PPS and 2014 ACA policies and was disproportionately lower among younger, racially minoritized, and ethnically Hispanic patients.

Conclusions and Relevance

There was declining Medicare enrollment among new dialysis patients associated with the 2011 Medicare ESKD PPS and 2014 ACA Marketplace that raise concerns about benefits and harms to patients and payers and continued disparities in kidney care. As the dialysis payer mix moves toward higher proportions of patients not covered by Medicare, it will be important to understand the implications for health care system and patient outcomes.
Careful least squares active noise control with no prior secondary path model
Authors: Lopes Paulo A. C. , Gerald José A. B.
Published: September 2022

In feedforward active noise and vibration control (ANVC) or active noise control (ANC), with online secondary path modeling, fast converging overall modeling algorithms may give high modeling errors. These errors are due to the highly correlated inputs, namely the reference and antinoise signals. These high modeling errors can result in poor performance if ignored. However, it is possible to consider these modeling errors in the control filter design, resulting in a careful controller and good performance, as proposed in this work. Careful control is a dual controller feature, which is the solution to the optimal control problem, but this has not been proposed before in the context of ANC. The modeling error covariance matrix (Sigma(n)) is available in the Kalman filter. However, this requires the knowledge of the time‐varying measurement noise power q(n) and state noise. Instead, this work uses a different approach in which the corresponding linear system is solved in a non‐recursive manner. The resulting maximum error is used for a worst‐case estimate of q(n), and, as it turns out, this can be used to get a worst‐case estimate of Sigma(n). A lower control filter update frequency and other optimizations keep computational complexity similar to other approaches. The resulting algorithm has very few easily selected parameters, good performance, does not require any prior secondary path estimate, and adapts to slow and sudden changes in the physical paths without loss of performance or noise overshoots. However, performance can be impaired by large background noise levels.
Effective Sonosensitizer Delivery by Redox Sensitive Nanoparticles for Prostate Cancer Sonodynamic Therapy via Amplifying Oxidative Stress and Peroxidation
Authors: Tong Tongyu , Lei Hanqi , Zhang Shiqiang , Jiang Donggen , Guan Yupeng , Xing Chengyuan , Chen Huikun , Yang Xiangwei , Kang Yang , Pang Jun
Published: September 2022

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT), a novel noninvasive therapeutic modality, provides many noteworthy benefits by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, water‐insoluble sonosensitizer delivery strategies have continuously underperformed because of unavoidable toxicity and a short circulation time. In this study, l‐cystine derivative‐based biocompatible nanoparticles (NPs) that can be used in SDT and induce limited cytotoxicity are designed and synthesized. After ultrasonic (US) irradiation, these sonosensitizer‐loaded NPs show highly efficient sonodynamic performance that leads to cytotoxic ROS production. The ability to stop and start ROS generation induced by US irradiation enables accurate temporal and spatial control. In vivo and in vitro experiments are systematically performed to investigate the effects of this system on tumors, and the results indicate remarkable tumor suppression via markedly high persistent oxidative stress that induces peroxidation and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Thus, this novel temporally and spatially controllable ROS generation platform offers a safe and effective theranostic strategy for prostate cancer treatment.
Making Highly Elastic and Tough Hydrogels from Doughs
Authors: Nian Guodong , Kim Junsoo , Bao Xianyang , Suo Zhigang
Published: September 2022

A hydrogel is often fabricated from preexisting polymer chains by covalently crosslinking them into a polymer network. The crosslinks make the hydrogel swell‐resistant but brittle. This conflict is resolved here by making a hydrogel from a dough. The dough is formed by mixing long polymer chains with a small amount of water and photoinitiator. The dough is then homogenized by kneading and annealing at elevated temperatures, during which the crowded polymer chains densely entangle. The polymer chains are then sparsely crosslinked into a polymer network under an ultraviolet lamp, and submerged in water to swell to equilibrium. The resulting hydrogel is both swell‐resistant and tough. The hydrogel also has near‐perfect elasticity, high strength, high fatigue resistance, and low friction. The method is demonstrated with two widely used polymers, poly(ethylene glycol) and cellulose. These hydrogels have never been made swell‐resistant, elastic, and tough before. The method is generally applicable to synthetic and natural polymers, and is compatible with industrial processing technologies, opening doors to the development of sustainable, high‐performance hydrogels.
Engineering Electro‐Optic BaTiO3 Nanocrystals via Efficient Doping
Authors: Wang Sasa , Zhu Tong , Sabatini Randy , Najarian Amin Morteza , Imran Muhammad , Zhao Ruyan , Xia Pan , Zeng Lewei , Hoogland Sjoerd , Seferos Dwight S. , Sargent Edward H.
Published: September 2022

Electro‐optic (EO) modulators provide electrical‐to‐optical signal conversion relevant to optical communications. Barium titanate (BaTiO3) is a promising material system for EO modulation in light of its optical ultrafast nonlinearity, low optical loss, and high refractive index. To enhance further its spontaneous polarization, BaTiO3 can be doped at the Ba and Ti sites; however, doping is often accompanied by ion migration, which diminishes EO performance. Here, donor–acceptor doping and its effect on EO efficiency are investigated, finding that La‐doped BaTiO3 achieves an EO coefficient of 42 pm V−1 at 1 kHz, fully twice that of the pristine specimen; however, it is also observed that, with this single‐element doping, the EO response falls off rapidly with frequency. From impedance spectroscopy, it is found that frequency‐dependent EO is correlated with ion migration. Density functional theory calculations predict that the ion‐migration barrier decreases with La3+ doping but can be recovered with further Mn2+ doping, a finding that prompts to prevent ion migration by incorporating Mn2+ into the Ti‐site to compensate for the charge imbalance.
Tracking Hepatic Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury in Real Time with a Reversible NIR‐IIb Fluorescent Redox Probe
Authors: Song Dan , Li Chenchen , Zhu Mengting , Chi Siyu , Liu Zhihong
Published: September 2022

Hepatic ischemia‐reperfusion injury (HIRI) is responsible for liver dysfunction, which involves reactive oxygen species (ROS) as the most critical marker. Real‐time monitoring of ROS during HIRI can provide significant chance for early diagnosis and timely intervention. However, there is no probe available to track ROS fluctuations during HIRI in vivo, as it is extremely challenging to design reversibly responsive fluorescent probe in near‐infrared region. Here, a reversible redox probe REPOMs emitting beyond 1500 nm is proposed to fill the blank, using rare earth ions‐doped nanoparticles as emitter, and molybdenum‐based polyoxometalate nanoclusters as the ROS‐recognition site and emission modulator. REPOMs exhibited excellent response towards the repeated cycle between ROS and glutathione, based on which the time‐resolved ROS changes during HIRI were successfully obtained. This reversible probe may provide a powerful tool to promote the hepatology research in the future.
Titanium‐Catalyzed Exhaustive Reduction of Oxo‐Chemicals
Authors: Han Bo , Ren Chunping , Jiang Min , Wu Lipeng
Published: September 2022

Catalytic reduction of carboxylic acids and derivatives all the way to their corresponding methyl‐compounds is very rare and still challenging for homogeneous transition‐metal catalysis. Herein, we report an unprecedented and general catalytic exhaustive reduction of carboxylic functional group straightforwardly to a methyl group. This reaction was achieved using earth‐abundant and readily available titanium as a catalyst. Our system has broad functional group tolerance and works for various other types of oxo‐chemicals such as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, lactones, and carboxylates (>100 examples). Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed that the in situ‐generated TiIII−H species was vital for this transformation.
DNA replication timing: Biochemical mechanisms and biological significance
Authors: Rhind Nicholas
Published: September 2022

The regulation of DNA replication is a fascinating biological problem both from a mechanistic angle—How is replication timing regulated?—and from an evolutionary one—Why is replication timing regulated? Recent work has provided significant insight into the first question. Detailed biochemical understanding of the mechanism and regulation of replication initiation has made possible robust hypotheses for how replication timing is regulated. Moreover, technical progress, including high‐throughput, single‐molecule mapping of replication initiation and single‐cell assays of replication timing, has allowed for direct testing of these hypotheses in mammalian cells. This work has consolidated the conclusion that differential replication timing is a consequence of the varying probability of replication origin initiation. The second question is more difficult to directly address experimentally. Nonetheless, plausible hypotheses can be made and one—that replication timing contributes to the regulation of chromatin structure—has received new experimental support.
Living prosthetic breast for promoting tissue regeneration and inhibiting tumor recurrence
Authors: Xu Wenting , Huang Yu , Yuen Ho‐Yin , Shi Linli , Qian Haiqing , Cui Lijuan , Tang Mengyu , Wang Jiahui , Zhu Jie , Wang Zhirong , Xiao Long , Zhao Xin , Wang Lihong
Published: September 2022

Developing a living prosthetic breast to inhibit potential breast cancer recurrence and simultaneously promote breast reconstruction would be a promising strategy for clinical treatment of breast cancer after mastectomy. Here, a living prosthetic breast in the form of injectable gelatin methacryloyl microspheres is prepared, where they encapsulated zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) nanoparticles loaded with small molecules urolithin C (Uro‐C) and adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs). Taking advantage of the acidic tumor microenvironment, the ZIF triggered a pH‐sensitive drug release in situ so that Uro‐C can induce tumor cell apoptosis via reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Meanwhile, the ADSCs proliferate in situ to promote tissue regeneration. Using such a design, our data showed that the ADSCs maintained viable and proliferate under the inhibitory effect of Uro‐C in vitro. Through ROS generation, Uro‐C also activated a suppressive tumor microenvironment in mice by both re‐polarizing M2 macrophages to M1 macrophages for elevated inflammatory responses, and increasing the ratio between CD8 and CD4 T cells for tumor recurrence inhibition, significantly promoting new adipose tissue formation. Altogether, our results demonstrate that the prepared living prosthetic breast with bifunctional properties can be a promising candidate in clinic involving tumor treatment and tissue engineering in synergy.
Utilization of cytologic cell blocks for targeted sequencing of solid tumors
Authors: Vormittag‐Nocito Erica , Kumar Ravindra , Narayan Kunwar Digvijay , Chen Zhengjia , David Odile , Behm Frederick , Mohapatra Gayatry
Published: September 2022

Background

Targeted sequencing of cytologic samples has significantly increased in recent years. With increasing numbers of clinical trials for variant specific therapeutics, validating a comprehensive assay for cytologic samples has become clinically important.

Aim

For this study, a retrospective review of cytologic cell blocks from fine needle aspirations and fluid specimens was performed.

Methods

Two hundred twenty six total cases of solid tumor malignancies were identified, of which 120 cases and 20 lymph node negative controls were sequenced for the Oncomine Comprehensive Assay. Cytology and surgical specimen correlation was performed in a subset of cases. Statistical analysis to determine variant concordance was performed.

Results

Within the 117 cases sequenced, a total of 347 pathogenic variants were detected. Of the 117 cases, 32 cases (27.4%) would qualify for FDA approved targeted therapy according to the current guidelines, and an additional 23 cases (19.7%) would qualify for clinical trial based on pathogenic variants detected.

Discussion

With over 27% of cases in our cohort qualifying for some form of targeted therapy, our study shows the importance of providing comprehensive molecular diagnostic options. Despite only half of the cytology cases in the review period having enough material to be sequenced, overall approximately 27% of patients in this cohort would have benefitted from this service.
Non‐coagulopathic hemothorax in a dog: A case report
Authors: LaVine Danielle , Conner Bobbi , Daniel Gregory B. , Freeman Mark
Published: September 2022

An 8‐year‐old, female‐spayed, Blue Heeler presented with suspected non‐coagulopathic spontaneous, hemothorax with neoplasia as the most likely differential as coagulation parameters were normal and no obvious history of trauma was reported. Computed tomography scan was crucial for diagnosis of a traumatic partial vascular avulsion injury that was successfully managed supportively.
An Optimized Ni‐catalyzed Chan‐Lam Type Coupling: Enantioretentive Access to Chiral N‐Aryl Sulfinamides
Authors: Li Chen , Zhang Kun , Ma Hongrui , Wu Shuang , Huang Yilei , Duan Yafei , Luo Yunhao , Yan Jun , Yang Guang
Published: September 2022

C−N bond formation takes on a critical significance in reactions of organic synthesis, material production and pharmaceutical manufactory. Chan‐Lam has proposed a useful methodology to furnish secondary arylamides under mild conditions. However, when chiral sulfinamides serve as the coupling precursors, the Cu‐catalyzed coupling reaction is found with low efficacy. Complex side‐products are generated under classic conditions. Moreover, it led to the racemization of the coupling product. In this study, an optimized Ni‐catalyzed Chan‐Lam type coupling conditions were proposed, which resulted in clean conversion from chiral sulfinamides and arylboronic acids to offer N‐aryl sulfinamides efficiently and enantioretentively. The trans‐N1,N2‐dimethylcyclohexane‐1,2‐diamine was proven as the most efficient ligand. Under the optimized conditions, a series of chiral N‐aryl sulfinamides was prepared with high chemical yield without racemization. Furthermore, a plausible and novel mechanism was proposed. Interestingly, the method could efficiently furnish a wide variety of C−X bonds by coupling arylboronic acids with different nucleophiles.
A framework for developing digital health applications with efficiency and reuse principles: DHLink case study
Authors: Li Wenhao , Bidargaddi Niranjan , Fouyaxis John , Thorpe Dan
Published: September 2022

A common issue among digital health applications is that they are based on project‐specific solutions and are developed from scratch, which results in redundant development and lack of data and technology reuse. This can be seen in, for example, building study specific websites and mobile frontends, deploying customized infrastructures, and collecting data that may have been collected in other studies and projects. However, existing data and technology are not easily shareable between projects due to large investment required to address data exchanging mechanism, data and technology sovereignty, data security and resource discovery, while the benefit for the resource owners is uncertain. In this article, we present a supporting framework, named DHLink, to address this issue on two fronts. First, the DHLink framework securely connects multiple digital health applications, facilitates real‐time data sharing, and supports rapid application development by reusing data and technology. Second, to aid in rapid development of new digital health applications, a set of highly generic and reusable microservices has been developed as the initial resources available in the DHLink ecosystem. Two proof‐of‐concept use cases outlined show the effectiveness of DHLink for both data sharing between existing applications, and rapid development of a new application.
Molecular‐level Manipulation of Interface Charge Transfer on Plasmonic Metal/MOF Heterostructures
Authors: Wang Shuobo , Tang Daojian , Zhang Yuchao , Zhao Jincai
Published: September 2022

Plasmon‐excited hot carriers have drawn great attention for driving various chemical reactions, but the short lifetimes of hot carriers seriously restrict the performance of plasmonic photocatalysis. Constructing plasmonic metal/metal‐organic framework (MOF) heterostructures has been proved as an effective strategy to extend the lifetimes of hot carriers. Due to the high molecular tunability of MOFs, the MOF substrate in plasmonic metal/MOF heterostructures is able to capture hot electrons on the conduction band of MOF and hot holes on its valence band, and thus offers an ideal platform to separately study the detailed mechanism of hot electron and hole transfer processes. This review focuses on a molecular‐level understanding of both hot‐electron and hot‐hole transfer at plasmonic metal/MOF interfaces. The enhanced stability and photocatalytic performance by introducing MOF substrates are discussed for plasmonic metal/MOF heterostructures. Additionally, typical characterization technologies are also proposed as powerful tools for tracking hot carrier transfer process.
Genome‐wide analysis of bivalent histone modifications during Drosophila embryogenesis
Authors: Cheng Qian , Xie Hao
Published: September 2022

In eukaryotes, histone modifications are key epigenetic regulators that are associated with distinct chromatin features. Bivalent histone modifications describe a situation where a subset of promoters have with both activating (H3K4me3) and repressive (H3K27me3) markers in pluripotent cells (e.g., ESCs). However, it remains to be understood whether bivalent histone modifications are stable throughout developmental stages. Here, by systematically analyzing ChIP‐seq data of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3, we provided the first panoramic view of bivalent histone modifications in Drosophila from embryonic 0–4 to 20–24 hr. In our study, we found that bivalent histone modifications occur at other locations in the genome in addition to the promoter region. Additionally, the different genomic regions occupied by bivalent histone modifications exhibit spatiotemporal specificity at each stage. Furthermore, gene ontology and motif analysis reflected continuous and gradual changes of target genes during different developmental process. In summary, we suggest that bivalent histone modifications have potential regulatory functions throughout Drosophila embryonic stage.
Effects of nondiscretionary trading on futures prices
Authors: O'Neill Michael J. , Whaley Robert E.
Published: September 2022

This paper examines the effects of the nondiscretionary trading demands of volatility index (VIX) exchange‐traded products (ETPs) issuers on the prices and volumes in the VIX futures. We find that the ETPs' informationless, mechanical rebalancing of futures positions to maintain the constant maturity of the index and the promised leverage ratios of the VIX ETPs have significantly positive predictive power for end‐of‐day futures returns. We also show that the impact on price has diminished through time from increased liquidity provided by hedge funds, and the “natural” hedging of the issuers' inverse products.
FOXO1 is downregulated in obese mice subjected to short‐term strength training
Authors: Pereira Rodrigo M. , da Cruz Rodrigues Kellen C. , Sant'Ana Marcella R. , da Rocha Alisson L. , Morelli Ana P. , Veras Allice S. C. , Gaspar Rodrigo S. , da Costa Fernandes Célio J. , Teixeira Giovana R. , Simabuco Fernando M. , da Silva Adelino S. R. , Cintra Dennys E. , Ropelle Eduardo R. , Pauli José R. , de Moura Leandro P.
Published: September 2022

Obesity is a worldwide health problem and is directly associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The liver is an important organ for the control of healthy glycemic levels, since insulin resistance in this organ reduces phosphorylation of forkhead box protein 1 (FOXO1) protein, leading to higher hepatic glucose production (HGP) and fasting hyperglycemia. Aerobic physical training is known as an important strategy in increasing the insulin action in the liver by increasing FOXO1 phosphorylation and reducing gluconeogenesis. However, little is known about the effects of strength training in this context. This study aimed to investigate the effects of short‐term strength training on hepatic insulin sensitivity and glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK3β) and FOXO1 phosphorylation in obese (OB) mice. To achieve this goal, OB Swiss mice performed the strength training protocol (one daily session for 15 days). Short‐term strength training increased the phosphorylation of protein kinase B and GSK3β in the liver after insulin stimulus and improved the control of HGP during the pyruvate tolerance test. On the other hand, sedentary OB animals reduced FOXO1 phosphorylation and increased the levels of nuclear FOXO1 in the liver, increasing the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose‐6‐phosphatase (G6Pase) content. The bioinformatics analysis also showed positive correlations between hepatic FOXO1 levels and gluconeogenic genes, reinforcing our findings. However, strength‐trained animals reverted to this scenario, regardless of body adiposity changes. In conclusion, short‐term strength training is an efficient strategy to enhance the insulin action in the liver of OB mice, contributing to glycemic control by reducing the activity of hepatic FOXO1 and lowering PEPCK and G6Pase contents.
Changing attitudes about workplace violence: Improving safety in an acute care environment
Authors: Hendrickson Susan W.
Published: September 2022

The United States Department of Labor's Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) defines workplace violence (WPV) as any act or threat of physical violence, harassment, intimidation, or other threatening disruptive behavior that occurs at the work site. OSHA recognizes that WPV ranges from threats and verbal abuse to physical assaults and even homicide. There are no OSHA standards specifically related to WPV however the General Duty Clause, Section 5(a)(1) of the OSHA Act of 1970, requires employers to provide a workplace that is free of conditions that could cause death or serious harm to employees. The Joint Commission published standards in 2022 related to WPV. The standards require a proactive analysis of the organization relative to WPV. Monitoring of events and training of staff are also required. This article will explore one hospital's journey to understand the frequency and types of violence experienced by nurses in the facility; implement evidence‐based strategies to mitigate violence in the hospital; maintain compliance with regulatory and accrediting bodies; and most importantly, to protect our staff from harm.
A free account or not? Its effect upon information yield in strategic interviews with suspects
Authors: van Beek Martijn L. J. , Bull Ray , Mijalkovic Suzana
Published: September 2022

Asking suspects for a free account (FA) at the start of an interview is considered good practice in a growing number of police organisations, whereas in others it still is not commonplace. This study explored whether interviews with or without such an invitation yielded more information from guilty suspects. Students in safety and security committed a mock crime and were then interviewed using a strategy of gradual disclosure of evidence, in the experimental condition preceded with an FA invitation (n = 20) and without such an invitation in the control condition (n = 17). On average, relatively little information was collected in the FA phase and far more in the subsequent gradual disclosure phase. However, the FA condition yielded seven confessions, four of which were given already in the FA phase. The No FA condition yielded only two confessions. Other differences in yield were not found. These findings indicate that an FA invitation could lead to some relevant and important information, such as a confession, being gathered already at an early stage of an interview, and that such an invitation does not hamper the gathering of further information later in the interview.
Short‐term forecasts of Monkeypox cases in multiple countries: keep calm and don't panic
Authors: Mingione Marco , Ciccozzi Massimo , Falcone Marco , Maruotti Antonello
Published: September 2022

We propose a parametric regression model for incidence indicators based on the use of the Richards' curve (a generalized logistic function) to analyse the current Monkeypox epidemic data for the most 10 affected countries worldwide. At present, results show that the outbreak is under control in most countries.
Single‐cell transcriptome atlas reveals protective characteristics of COVID‐19 mRNA vaccine
Authors: Tan Yong , Lu Shuaiyao , Wang Bo , Duan Xuewen , Zhang Yunkai , Peng Xiaozhong , Li Hangwen , Lin Ang , Zhan Zhenzhen , Liu Xingguang
Published: September 2022

Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines are promising alternatives to conventional vaccines in many aspects. We previously developed a lipopolyplex (LPP)‐based mRNA vaccine (SW0123) that demonstrated robust immunogenicity and strong protective capacity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection in mice and rhesus macaques. However, the immune profiles and mechanisms of pulmonary protection induced by SW0123 remain unclear. Through high‐resolution single‐cell analysis, we found that SW0123 vaccination effectively suppressed SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced inflammatory responses by inhibiting the recruitment of proinflammatory macrophages and increasing the frequency of polymorphonuclear myeloid‐derived suppressor cells. In addition, the apoptotic process in both lung epithelial and endothelial cells was significantly inhibited, which was proposed to be one major mechanism contributing to vaccine‐induced lung protection. Cell−cell interaction in the lung compartment was also altered by vaccination. These data collectively unravel the mechanisms by which the SW0123 protects against lung damage caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.