bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DMD Based Multi-Object Spectrograph for INdian Spectroscopic and Imaging Space Telescope: INSIST
Authors: Sriram S. , Valsan V. , Hoodati A. , Subramaniam A. , Maheswar G.
Published: August 2023

INdian Spectroscopic and Imaging Space Telescope (INSIST) is the next-generation UV-Optical space mission proposed by the Indian Astronomical community motivated by the great success of India’s first multi-wavelength Astronomical satellite (ASTROSAT) where Ultra Violet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) was one of the main payload launched in 2015 by Indian Space Research Organisation. INSIST is primarily designed for photometry observation in three bands (g-[400[Formula: see text]nm–550[Formula: see text]nm], u-[300[Formula: see text]nm–400[Formula: see text]nm] and UV-[150[Formula: see text]nm–300[Formula: see text]nm]) simultaneously over 0.25 sq.degree field of view. INSIST is equipped with a low resolution [[Formula: see text]] spectrograph for multi-Object slitless spectroscopy over the imaging field of view and also has a medium resolution [[Formula: see text]] spectrograph for multi-object slit spectroscopy in UV-band over ∼6 sq.arcmin sky. MEMS-based Digital Micromirror Device [DMD] is used to form configurable slits for the selection of objects at the focal plane of the telescope for multi-object slit spectrograph. Multi-Object spectrograph with DMD as a re-configurable slit for INSIST is designed and the performance of the spectrograph is presented.
Palaeomagnetism of the mid-Cretaceous red beds from the Tethyan Himalaya: direction discrepancy and tectonic implications
Authors: Bian Weiwei , Yang Tianshui , Wang Suo , Peng Wenxiao , Jiao Xianwei , Zhang Shihong , Wu Huaichun , Li Haiyan , Zhao Pan
Published: August 2023

Understanding the northern extension of Greater India is vital for modelling the India–Asia collision process and the formation of the Tibetan Plateau. We present new palaeomagnetic data from the mid-Cretaceous (
c.
106 Ma) Gyabula Formation red beds in the Tethyan Himalaya. Well-defined high laboratory unblocking temperature component magnetizations were isolated from 19 sites and pass the fold tests, indicating that they are pre-folding magnetizations. The tilt-corrected site-mean direction is
D
s
 = 222.9°,
I
s
 = +39.4° with

α

95
 = 4.2°. The site-mean inclination increases from 39.4° to 45.8° after anisotropy-based inclination shallowing correction. The declination and inclination differ considerably from those of neighbouring sections. This directional discrepancy of the red beds may be attributed to the fact that the sampled section (sites ZB1–11, 40–52) is overturned and to local vertical-axis rotation. The combination of our new and previously published palaeomagnetic data shows that the Tethyan Himalaya was located at 27.5° ± 2.4°S for the sampled area. Our new results, together with the reliable Cretaceous palaeomagnetic data obtained from the Tethyan Himalaya as well as coeval palaeolatitudes expected from the Indian craton, support a smaller Greater India and that the Tethyan Himalaya did not rift from the Indian craton during the mid-Cretaceous.

Supplementary material:
Detrital zircon U–Pb ages data, hysteresis parameters data, palaeomagnetic datasets for the Gyabula Formation, anisotropy of isothermal remanent magnetization data, available latest Jurassic–Early Cretaceous palaeomagnetic results from the Tethyan Himalaya and supplementary figures are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6795683

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonics, landscape and climate change collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/mesozoic-and-cenozoic-tectonics-landscape-and-climate-change
We Need to Focus on How Our Data Is Used, Not Just How It Is Shared
Authors: Ligett Katrina , Nissim Kobbi
Published: August 2023

Toward better understanding of the different ways data circulates between users and platforms.
Serverless Computing: What It Is, and What It Is Not?
Authors: Kounev Samuel , Herbst Nikolas , Abad Cristina L. , Iosup Alexandru , Foster Ian , Shenoy Prashant , Rana Omer , Chien Andrew A.
Published: August 2023

Dispelling the confusion around serverless computing by capturing its essential and conceptual characteristics.
Historic Algorithms Help Unlock Shortest-Path Problem Breakthrough
Authors: Edwards Chris
Published: August 2023

By revisiting key algorithms from computing, a team unlocked hidden efficiency in a long-standing computer science problem.
Shining a Light on the Dark Web
Authors: Shein Esther
Published: August 2023

How the Dark Web continues to operate, and why law enforcement will not shut it down anytime soon.
A Year Embedded in the Crypto-NFT Space
Authors: Baquero Carlos
Published: August 2023

The
Communications
website, https://cacm.acm.org, features more than a dozen bloggers in the BLOG@CACM community. In each issue of
Communications
, we'll publish selected posts or excerpts.

twitter
Follow us on Twitter at http://twitter.com/blogCACM

https://cacm.acm.org/blogs/blog-cacm

Carlos Baquero investigates cryptocurrencies and non-fungible tokens.
The Smallness of Large Language Models
Authors: Denning Peter J.
Published: August 2023

There is so much more to language and human beings than large language models can possibly master.
Activity of cat premotor cortex neurons during visually guided stepping
Authors: Viana Di Prisco Gonzalo , Marlinski Vladimir , Beloozerova Irina N.
Published: August 2023

Visual control of steps is critical for daily living, however, how it is achieved is not well understood. Here, we analyzed how neurons in the premotor cortex respond to the demand for visual control of steps on a complex surface. We conclude that premotor cortex neurons participate in the cortical network supporting visual control of steps by modifying the phase, intensity, and salience of their firing activity.
Investigation of the intraoperative cortical responses to spinal motor mapping in a patient with chronic pain
Authors: Berwal Deepak , Telkes Ilknur , Agarwal Shruti , Paniccioli Steven , McCarthy Kevin , DiMarzio Marisa , McLaughlin Bryan , Pilitsis Julie G.
Published: August 2023

Here, we present proof of concept of assessing the responses of epidurally evoked electromyography simultaneously with scalp electroencephalography to determine whether both laterality and insights into pain mechanisms can be elucidated. With stimulation, significant changes were seen in θ, α, and β band power in the contralateral prefrontal cortex and in α power in the motor cortex. We provide insight into the mechanism of action of SCS in preventing pain in this patient.
Effectiveness of Dry Needling in Improving Pain and Function in Comparison with Other Techniques in Patients with Chronic Neck Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hernández-Secorún Mar , Abenia-Benedí Hugo , Borrella-Andrés Sergio , Marqués-García Isabel , Lucha-López María Orosia , Herrero Pablo , Iguacel Isabel , Tricás-Moreno José Miguel , Hidalgo-García César
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the short-, mid-, and long-term effectiveness of dry needling in improving pain and functional capacity of patients with chronic neck pain. Search strategy was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, PEDro, and Cochrane Library Plus biomedical databases. The risk of bias was assessed using the RoB2 tool. Randomised controlled clinical trials in which at least 1 of the groups received dry needling were included. 662 studies were found; 14 clinical trials were selected for qualitative analysis and 13 for quantitative analysis. The quality of most of the studies included was “high.” All the studies reported improvements in cervical pain and/or disability, regardless of the protocol followed and the muscles targeted. No serious adverse effects were reported. Dry needling showed to be more effective when compared with other therapies in both women and men, without differences by sex. When the analysis was carried out by age, patients over 40 years old benefitted more than those below 40 years old. Our meta-analysis supports the use of dry needling to improve pain and functional capacity in patients with chronic neck pain at short- and mid-term intervals.
A Fuzzy Control Strategy to Synchronize Fractional‐Order Nonlinear Systems Including Input Saturation
Authors: Rasooli Berardehi Zahra , Zhang Chongqi , Taheri Mostafa , Roohi Majid , Khooban Mohammad Hassan
Published: August 2023

One of the most important engineering problems, with numerous uses in the applied sciences, is the synchronization of chaos dynamical systems. This paper introduces a dynamic‐free T‐S fuzzy sliding mode control (TSFSMC) method for synchronizing the different chaotic fractional‐order (FO) systems, when there is input saturation. Using a new definition of fractional calculus and the fractional version of the Lyapunov stability theorem and linear matrix inequality concept, a Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy sliding mode controller is driven to suppress and synchronize the undesired behavior of the FO chaotic systems without any unpleasant chattering phenomenon. Finally, an example of synchronization of complex power grid systems is provided to illustrate the theoretical result of the paper in real‐world applications.
Gastrointestinal Infection in South African Children under the Age of 5 years: A Mini Review
Authors: Mafokwane Tshepo , Djikeng Appolinaire , Nesengani Lucky T. , Dewar John , Mapholi Olivia
Published: August 2023

Objective. To estimate gastroenteritis disease and its etiological agents in children under the age of 5 years living in South Africa. Methods. A mini literature review of pertinent articles published in ScienceDirect, PubMed, GoogleScholar, and Scopus was conducted using search terms: “Gastroenteritis in children,” “Gastroenteritis in the world,” Gastroenteritis in South Africa,” “Prevalence of gastroenteritis,” “Epidemiological surveillance of gastroenteritis in the world,” and “Causes of gastroenteritis”. Results. A total of 174 published articles were included in this mini review. In the last 20 years, the mortality rate resulting from diarrhea in children under the age of 5 years has declined and this is influenced by improved hygiene practices, awareness programs, an improved water and sanitation supply, and the availability of vaccines. More modern genomic amplification techniques were used to re-analyze stool specimens collected from children in eight low-resource settings in Asia, South America, and Africa reported improved sensitivity of pathogen detection to about 65%, that viruses were the main etiological agents in patients with diarrhea aged from 0 to 11 months but that Shigella, followed by sapovirus and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli had a high incidence in children aged 12–24 months. In addition, co-infections were noted in nearly 10% of diarrhea cases, with rotavirus and Shigella being the main co-infecting agents together with adenovirus, enteropathogenic E. coli, Clostridium jejuni, or Clostridium coli. Conclusions. This mini review outlines the epidemiology and trends relating to parasitic, viral, and bacterial agents responsible for gastroenteritis in children in South Africa. An increase in sequence-independent diagnostic approaches will improve the identification of pathogens to resolve undiagnosed cases of gastroenteritis. Emerging state and national surveillance systems should focus on improving the identification of gastrointestinal pathogens in children and the development of further vaccines against gastrointestinal pathogens.
Cloning, Expression Analysis, and Detection of the Vitellogenin in the Chinese Black Sleeper Bostrychus sinensis
Authors: Zhang Yangyang , Meng Kun , Zhou Tingting , Chen Lei , Chen Tiansheng , Long Min , Zhou Kefu
Published: August 2023

Endocrine disruptors in marine environments represented by estrogens lead to reverse health phenomena. To obtain a more effective way to reflect and detect environmental estrogens pollution, a method was developed to obtain the full-length cDNA coding vitellogenin gene in B. sinensis, induced by 17β-estradiol (E2) solution. We have downloaded 16 fish gene sequences from the NCBI database and designed PCR primers accordingly. Based on the quantitative real-time PCR method (qRT-PCR), we analyze the differences in gene expression under the conditions of different E2 exposure times in the low, middle, and high-dose groups. The full-length cDNA consists of 4738 nucleotides with a reading frame encoding 1540 amino acid residues. In vitro recombinant plasmids were constructed and transferred to E. coli BL21 for vitellogenin expression. Efficient fusion expression was obtained by IPTG at 16°C, and the expressed target protein (680 amino acids, 75 kDa) existed in a soluble state, accounting for more than 25% of the total soluble protein. We prepared monoclonal antibodies using established immunohistochemistry to detect vitellogenin expression sites in sexually mature female fish. Our study shows that the expression sites of Vg in sexually mature female fish are mainly distributed in the fishtail, hepatopancreas, intestine, muscle, ovary, and pronephric kidney. In conclusion, the vitellogenin from B. sinensis could be used as a biomarker of environmental estrogens to achieve rapid detection in the marine environment and the subsequent experiments of development in colloidal gold strips after this research would be established to provide a highly efficient and convenient detection method for environment pollution.
Detection of African Swine Fever Virus in Feed and Feed Mill Environment Following Extended Storage
Authors: Houston Grace E. , Trujillo Jessie D. , Jones Cassandra K. , Kwon Taeyong , Stark Charles R. , Cool Konner , Paulk Chad B. , Gaudreault Natasha N. , Woodworth Jason C. , Morozov Igor , Gallardo Carmina , Gebhardt Jordan T. , Richt Jürgen A.
Published: August 2023

One way to mitigate risk of feed-based pathogens for swine diets is to quarantine feed ingredients before inclusion in complete diets. Data have been generated evaluating the stability of swine viruses in ingredients, but the stability of African swine fever virus (ASFV) in feed or in a feed manufacturing environment has not been well characterized. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the stability of ASFV DNA in swine feed and on mill surfaces over time. A pilot-scale feed mill was used to manufacture six sequential batches of feed consisting of a batch of ASFV-free feed, followed by a batch inoculated with ASFV (final concentration = 5.6 × 104 TCID50/g), and then four subsequent ASFV-free batches. After each batch, 10 feed samples were aseptically collected in a double “X” pattern. During feed manufacturing, 24 steel coupons were placed on the floor of the manufacturing area and allowed to collect dust during feed manufacturing. Once feed manufacturing was completed, feed samples and steel coupons were stored at room temperature. Three of each were randomly selected from storage on 3, 7, 14, 28, 60, 90, and 180 days after feed manufacturing and analyzed for ASFV DNA. For feed samples, there was evidence of a batch × day interaction (

P
=
0.023

) for the quantification of genomic copies/g of feed, indicating that the amount of ASFV DNA present was impacted by both the batch of feed and days held at room temperature. There were no differences of genomic copies/g in early batches, but quantity of detectable ASFV decreased with increasing storage time. In Batches 4–6, the greatest quantity of ASFV DNA was detected on the day of feed manufacturing. The lowest quantity was detected on Day 7 for Batch 4, Day 60 for Batch 5, and at 28 and 180 days for Batch 6. There was no evidence of ASFV degradation on environmental discs across holding times (

P
=
0.433

). In conclusion, the quarantining of feed may help reduce but not eliminate the presence of ASFV DNA in feed over time. Importantly, ASFV DNA was detectable on feed manufacturing surfaces for at least 180 days with no overt evidence of reduction, highlighting the importance of bioexclusion of ASFV within feed manufacturing facilities and the need for thorough/effective decontamination and other mitigation processes in affected areas.
A Comparison of Depressive Symptom Presentation in Adolescent Type 1 Diabetes and Pediatric Primary Care Samples
Authors: Bahreman Nasreen , Dietrich Mary S. , Jaser Sarah , Akard Foster Terrah , Mulvaney Shelagh
Published: August 2023

Background. Depression is a common comorbidity in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). It is unclear if patterns of responses from questionnaires used to screen for depressive symptoms are influenced by the burden of living with T1D and/or the consequences of hyperglycemia. Based on this gap in the adolescent research, we sought to identify potential differences in depression screening response patterns between adolescents with and without T1D and relate response patterns with glycemic outcomes. Methods. Using a retrospective case–control design, we analyzed electronic health records for age, sex, and race-matched adolescents 13–18 years of age from a pediatric diabetes clinic (n = 477) and a pediatric primary care clinic (n = 477) in the United States. Adolescents in both settings were screened for depressive symptoms during the same time period using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Results. Participant demographics for matched characteristics were: 53.5% male, 71.7% White, median age 13.0 (interquartile range = 13.0, 14.0). After controlling for type of insurance, adolescents with T1D were more likely to have higher total PHQ-9 scores (odds ratio (OR) = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.17, 1.98,

p
=
0.002

) and higher somatic subscores (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.20, 2.05,

p
=
0.001

) compared to the primary care sample. The pattern of item endorsement greater than “not at all” indicated that adolescents with T1D were more likely to have higher values for somatic items such as “trouble falling asleep” and “feeling tired” than those in the primary care sample. Item-total correlations and Cronbach’s α indicated that all items were contributing to the overall score in the same manner in each group. Conclusions. Symptom endorsement for sleep and fatigue were higher for adolescents with T1D and without T1D. Study results support the need for further examination of the origins of somatic symptoms in T1D and for an additional examination of the specificity of depression screening instruments used in routine pediatric diabetes care.
Do Polygenic Risk Scores Add to Clinical Data in Predicting Pancreatic Cancer? A Scoping Review
Authors: Wang Louise , Grimshaw Alyssa A. , Mezzacappa Catherine , Rahimi Larki Navid , Yang Yu-Xiao , Justice Amy C.
Published: August 2023

Background:

Polygenic risk scores (PRS) summarize an individual's germline genetic risk, but it is unclear whether PRS offer independent information for pancreatic cancer risk prediction beyond routine clinical data.

Methods:

We searched 8 databases from database inception to March 10, 2023 to identify studies evaluating the independent performance of pancreatic cancer–specific PRS for pancreatic cancer beyond clinical risk factors.

Results:

Twenty-one studies examined associations between a pancreatic cancer–specific PRS and pancreatic cancer. Seven studies evaluated risk factors beyond age and sex. Three studies evaluated the change in discrimination associated with the addition of PRS to routine risk factors and reported improvements (AUCs: 0.715 to 0.745; AUC 0.791 to 0.830; AUC from 0.694 to 0.711). Limitations to clinical applicability included using source populations younger/healthier than those at risk for pancreatic cancer (n = 10), exclusively of European ancestry (n = 13), or controls without relevant exposures (n = 1).

Conclusions:

While most studies of pancreatic cancer–specific PRS did not evaluate the independent discrimination of PRS for pancreatic cancer beyond routine risk factors, three that did showed improvements in discrimination.

Impact:

For pancreatic cancer PRS to be clinically useful, they must demonstrate substantial improvements in discrimination beyond established risk factors, apply to diverse ancestral populations representative of those at risk for pancreatic cancer, and use appropriate controls.
TABLE 2 from A Pilot Study of Neoadjuvant Nivolumab, Ipilimumab, and Intralesional Oncolytic Virotherapy for HER2-negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Nguyen Vina P. , Campbell Katie M. , Nowicki Theodore S. , Elumalai Nila , Medina Egmidio , Baselga-Carretero Ignacio , DiNome Maggie L. , Chang Helena R. , Oseguera Denise K. , Ribas Antoni , Glaspy John A.
Published: August 2023

Adverse events (total n = 6)
Supplementary Table S4 from A Pilot Study of Neoadjuvant Nivolumab, Ipilimumab, and Intralesional Oncolytic Virotherapy for HER2-negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Nguyen Vina P. , Campbell Katie M. , Nowicki Theodore S. , Elumalai Nila , Medina Egmidio , Baselga-Carretero Ignacio , DiNome Maggie L. , Chang Helena R. , Oseguera Denise K. , Ribas Antoni , Glaspy John A.
Published: August 2023

Biopsy samples for analyses
Supplementary Table S3 from A Pilot Study of Neoadjuvant Nivolumab, Ipilimumab, and Intralesional Oncolytic Virotherapy for HER2-negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Nguyen Vina P. , Campbell Katie M. , Nowicki Theodore S. , Elumalai Nila , Medina Egmidio , Baselga-Carretero Ignacio , DiNome Maggie L. , Chang Helena R. , Oseguera Denise K. , Ribas Antoni , Glaspy John A.
Published: August 2023

Individual details of baseline patient characteristics
Supplementary Figure S3 from A Pilot Study of Neoadjuvant Nivolumab, Ipilimumab, and Intralesional Oncolytic Virotherapy for HER2-negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Nguyen Vina P. , Campbell Katie M. , Nowicki Theodore S. , Elumalai Nila , Medina Egmidio , Baselga-Carretero Ignacio , DiNome Maggie L. , Chang Helena R. , Oseguera Denise K. , Ribas Antoni , Glaspy John A.
Published: August 2023

Detection of talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) vector reads in case #2. This screenshot from the integrated genomics viewer shows reads aligning to CSF2 (GM-CSF) from the peripheral blood, baseline, and end-of-treatment (EOT) whole exome sequencing (WES) data from the surgical specimen of case #2. The short-clipped ends of the reads at the 5’ end of CSF2 contained the T-VEC cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter sequence, and reads spanned the exon-exon junctions of the CSF2 transcript. This pattern was not observed in the surgical (EOT) specimens from the other patients or in baseline samples.
FIGURE 3 from A Pilot Study of Neoadjuvant Nivolumab, Ipilimumab, and Intralesional Oncolytic Virotherapy for HER2-negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Nguyen Vina P. , Campbell Katie M. , Nowicki Theodore S. , Elumalai Nila , Medina Egmidio , Baselga-Carretero Ignacio , DiNome Maggie L. , Chang Helena R. , Oseguera Denise K. , Ribas Antoni , Glaspy John A.
Published: August 2023

RNA-seq and DNA sequencing analyses of biopsies. A, MCPcounter was used to summarize gene expression scores for immune cell populations from bulk RNA-seq expression data across cell types. Each point represents one sample, and paired baseline/surgery samples are connected by a line (three paired biopsies); individual patients and their responses are indicated by color and point shape. B, Summary of somatic driver mutations by variant allele fraction (VAF). Variants detected at both timepoints are connected by a line (four paired biopsies), and mutations in known genetic drivers of breast cancer are indicated with colored labels.
O Manifesto de Sara Copia Sullam, escritora judia na Veneza do século XVII
Authors: Cantori Valentina
Published: August 2023

Sara Copia Sullam (c.1592-1641) foi uma escritora judia que viveu durante a primeira metade do século XVII no gueto de Veneza, o primeiro a ser edificado na Europa e um dos mais importantes para a história do judaísmo. Copia escreveu poesia e prosa em língua italiana; em vida, publicou apenas uma obra, o Manifesto, redigido para se defender da acusação de não acreditar na imortalidade da alma, que lhe fora lançada publicamente por Baldassarre Bonifacio. Neste artigo publico o Manifesto em tradução para o português, apresentando considerações sobre a vida e a obra de Sara Copia Sullam, autora esquecida durante séculos, mas de grande importância para repensar a história do judaísmo e a literatura italiana.
Centenário de nascimento de um grande intelectual judeu
Authors: Kirschbaum Saul
Published: August 2023

O ano de 2023 evoca o centenário de nascimento de um grande intelectual judeu-brasileiro, Henrique Rattner. Rattner é responsável por importantes contribuições para organizações nacionais e internacionais - coordenou os Programas LEAD, Prolides e Pronord da ABDL (Programas de Liderança e Desenvolvimento Sustentável no âmbito internacional, no Mercosul e no Nordeste) e também coordenou pesquisas e foi consultor de instituições nacionais como CNPq, FINEP, MCT, SEPLAN/SP, SENAI, SEBRAE e IPT, e internacionais como ONU, UNESCO e Banco Mundial. Mesmo assim, Ratter não perdeu de vista sua condição de educador e judeu: foi por muitos anos diretor do Lar das Crianças, mantido pela CIP, coordenou uma profunda e abrangente pesquisa sobre a comunidade judaica de São Paulo, que resultou no livro Tradição e Mudança (1977), e elaborou diversos artigos e palestras sobre a questão do conflito entre palestinos e isralenses, que acabaram por ser reunidos no livro Israel e a Paz no Oriente Médio: Uma Luz no Fim do Túnel?, lançado em 2008. Em comemoração de seu centenário, seu filho Jair publicou Sob as asas da fala e da escrita: histórias da vida de Henrique Rattner, recentemente lançado.
Lifestyle Behaviors and Cardiometabolic Diseases by Race and Ethnicity and Social Risk Factors Among US Young Adults, 2011 to 2018
Authors: Shi Shuxiao , Huang Hengye , Huang Yue , Zhong Victor W. , Feng Nannan
Published: August 2023

Background

Cardiometabolic health has been worsening among young adults, but the prevalence of lifestyle risk factors and cardiometabolic diseases is unclear.

Methods and Results

Adults aged 18 to 44 years were included from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011 to 2018. Age‐standardized prevalence of lifestyle risk factors and cardiometabolic diseases was estimated overall and by demographic and social risk factors. A set of multivariable logistic regressions was sequentially performed by adjusting for age, sex, social risk factors, and lifestyle factors to determine whether racial and ethnic disparities in the prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases may be attributable to differences in social risk factors and lifestyle factors. Appropriate weights were used to ensure national representativeness of the estimates. A total of 10 405 participants were analyzed (median age, 30.3 years; 50.8% women; 32.3% non‐Hispanic White). The prevalence of lifestyle risk factors ranged from 16.3% for excessive drinking to 49.3% for poor diet quality. The prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases ranged from 4.3% for diabetes to 37.3% for dyslipidemia. The prevalence of having ≥2 lifestyle risk factors was 45.2% and having ≥2 cardiometabolic diseases was 22.0%. Racial and ethnic disparities in many cardiometabolic diseases persisted but were attenuated after adjusting for social risk factors and lifestyle factors.

Conclusions

The prevalence of lifestyle risk factors and cardiometabolic diseases was high among US young adults and varied by race and ethnicity and social risk factors. Racial and ethnic disparities in the prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases were not fully explained by differences in social risk factors and lifestyle factors.
Adult Moyamoya Disease and Syndrome: Current Perspectives and Future Directions: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association
Authors: Gonzalez Nestor R. , Amin-Hanjani Sepideh , Bang Oh Young , Coffey Christopher , Du Rose , Fierstra Jorn , Fraser Justin F. , Kuroda Satoshi , Tietjen Gretchen E. , Yaghi Shadi ,   on behalf of the American Heart Association Stroke Council; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; and Council on Clinical Cardiology
Published: August 2023

Adult moyamoya disease and syndrome are rare disorders with significant morbidity and mortality. A writing group of experts was selected to conduct a literature search, summarize the current knowledge on the topic, and provide a road map for future investigation. The document presents an update in the definitions of moyamoya disease and syndrome, modern methods for diagnosis, and updated information on pathophysiology, epidemiology, and both medical and surgical treatment. Despite recent advancements, there are still many unresolved questions about moyamoya disease and syndrome, including lack of unified diagnostic criteria, reliable biomarkers, better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology, and stronger evidence for treatment guidelines. To advance progress in this area, it is crucial to acknowledge the limitations and weaknesses of current studies and explore new approaches, which are outlined in this scientific statement for future research strategies.
Assessing Model Requirements for Explainable AI: A Template and Exemplary Case Study
Authors: Heider Michael , Stegherr Helena , Nordsieck Richard , Hähner Jörg
Published: August 2023

In sociotechnical settings, human operators are increasingly assisted by decision support systems. By employing such systems, important properties of sociotechnical systems, such as self-adaptation and self-optimization, are expected to improve further. To be accepted by and engage efficiently with operators, decision support systems need to be able to provide explanations regarding the reasoning behind specific decisions. In this article, we propose the use of learning classifier systems (LCSs), a family of rule-based machine learning methods, to facilitate and highlight techniques to improve transparent decision-making. Furthermore, we present a novel approach to assessing application-specific explainability needs for the design of LCS models. For this, we propose an application-independent template of seven questions. We demonstrate the approach’s use in an interview-based case study for a manufacturing scenario. We find that the answers received do yield useful insights for a well-designed LCS model and requirements for stakeholders to engage actively with an intelligent agent.
Judeo-Roman on Stage: The Scena all’ebraica in the Novantanove Disgrazie di Pulcinella (Rome 1769) by Gregorio Mancinelli
Authors: Baricci Erica
Published: August 2023

Sometimes, in the Commedia dell’arte, Jewish characters who speak Judeo-Italian appear on the stage, revealing a strong intention on the part of non-Jewish authors to mimic the language spoken by contemporary Jews. Therefore, the study of these external sources is very useful to enrich our knowledge of the Judeo-Italian of the early modern period. In this article I will present the scena all’ebraica of the comedy Novantanove Disgrazie di Pulcinella (Rome 1769) by Gregorio Mancinelli. The text, published here in its entirety for the first time, will be preceded by an introduction and accompanied by an English translation and an analysis of the language and contents.
The Effectiveness of Legislative Oversight in Democratic South Africa: Exploring Political Will
Authors: Baloyi Hlengani
Published: August 2023

Drawing on empirical data from document analysis, this paper will carry out a critical analysis of the effectiveness of the oversight and accountability system of the legislative sector of South Africa in detecting early warning signs prior to financial and governance collapse, by examining three provincial government departments. The results reveal that several key early warning signs preceded governance and financial collapse at the three provincial education departments but that the provincial departments ignored signals of repetitive financial irregularities flagged up by the Auditor General of South Africa. The article argues that there is a lack of political will to effectively respond to early warning signs of looming crises in provincial government departments in South Africa for the purpose of preventing or mitigating their negative impact.
Parliaments and their Knowledge Landscapes
Authors: Heiss Julia , Rathmair Anna
Published: August 2023

The Legal, Legislative, and Research Services (rlw) of the Austrian Parliamentary Administration organised the first Day of Parliamentary Research on 26 June in the newly renovated Austrian Parliament building in Vienna. The conference, which was highly interdisciplinary and placed a strong focus on knowledge related to parliaments and policy-making, marked the start of a new initiative by the Parliamentary Administration to promote an ongoing dialogue between academia and politics. This conference report provides an overview of the keynote speeches, panels and panel discussions that took place, and identifies recurring themes and issues that were discussed.
Taxonomic notes on Catasetum meeae (Orchidaceae: Catasetinae)
Authors: KRAHL DAYSE RAIANE PASSOS , SCHMAL PHILIPPE , CHIRON GUY , DA SILVA JOÃO BATISTA FERNANDES , KRAHL AMAURI HERBERT , CANTUÁRIA PATRICK DE CASTRO
Published: August 2023

In this study we propose to treat Catasetum meeae and C. lendarium as conspecific based on distinctive features identified in the protologues of both species. We emphasize that C. meeae was never collected again after its description in the 1960s. Here we also invalidate the name C. lendarium because its original description is not in accordance with the Shenzhen Code. We provide a brief taxonomic discussion for the taxon, as well as photographs and information related to distribution and ecology. At this stage the species is evaluated as belonging to the Endangered (EN) category according to IUCN criteria.
3. Existential Risk and Science Governance
Authors: Sundaram Lalitha
Published: August 2023

As existential risks are deeply related to science and scholars, this chapter proposes a new consideration of scientific governance, self-governance of technologies, and research culture as socio-technical processes opposed to the conventional idea of science as something extrinsic and beyond conditioning. The chapter provides examples of instances where scientists and communities have worked together to improve existing modalities.
Novel Liposomal Nanoparticles-DP1 Encapsulating Valerenic Acid in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Hou Baozhou , Li Huiping , Wei Sichen
Published: August 2023

Valerenic acid (VA) is one of the classic traditional Chinese medicines. The advent of liposomal nanoparticles (LNPs) might strengthen on-target effect of drugs and reduce side effects. Our study aimed to explore the antitumor activity of liposomal nanoparticle encapsulating valerenic
acid (LNP-DP1-VA) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). LNPs were prepared for targeted delivery of VA and the in vivo and in vitro release characteristics were detected. Flow cytometry and 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide, Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium
Bromide (MTT) were conducted to assess the proliferation and apoptosis of HCC cells (Hep3B) and tumor volume was measured. With average particle size of 310 nm, the synthetic LNPs were distributed uniformly and presented circular in shape. Treatment with LNP-DP1-VA increased apoptosis of Hep3B
cells and suppressed clone formation as well as blocked cell cycle when decreasing cell proliferation.Moreover, LNP-DP1-VA resulted in the decreased level of Wnt as well as β-catenin, preventing these proteins from entering the nucleus. LNP-DP1-VA can delay progression of HCC by
regulating the expression of Wnt/β-catenin and it is a novel promising alternative for HCC treatment.
Melatonin Protects Against Spinal Cord Injury Through Sirt-1 Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Neuronal Cell Loss
Authors: Wen Zhonghui , Chen Ziyu , Li Shengjie , Zhang Qiongfang , Wang Yunhong , Li Qiangfeng , Lei Qingchun
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of melatonin against oxidative stress in damaged neurons and evaluate its therapeutic potential in spinal cord injury (SCI). The researchers utilized lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to activate BV2 cells and induce injury in HT22 cells.
Adult male mice were subjected to SCI modeling through spinal cord compression. Melatonin and EX527 were administered to the neuronal cells and SCI mice, and various parameters were measured. The results demonstrated that melatonin administration effectively attenuated oxidative stress and
apoptosis in neuronal cells by activating Sirt-1. Furthermore, melatonin reduced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and the peroxidase/antioxidase ratio in SCI mice, resulting in the amelioration of histological damage, neuronal loss, and improvement in locomotor
function recovery. The study concluded that melatonin holds promise as a therapeutic agent for protecting neural tissue in SCI by inhibiting neuronal oxidative stress through Sirt-1 activation and reducing histological damage and neuronal loss in SCI mice. In summary, the findings suggest
that melatonin may serve as a potential treatment option for SCI.
Comparison of Bilateral Carotid Artery Occlusion and Stenosis in Inducing Behaviour and Structural Changes in Rodents
Authors: Li Hua , Liu Kewei , Chen Jiancong , Zhu Juan , Wang Xiaoqiang , Chang Yuan , Li Ling , Gu Yong , Huang Kaibin , Pan Suyue
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to compare the effects of bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) and bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) on brain function and structure in rodents. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats and C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to either the BCCAO or sham group and the BCAS or sham group, respectively. Neurobehavioral assessments were conducted using various tests, and histological examination was performed to evaluate brain structure. Both surgeries induced white matter damage, with BCCAO mainly affecting the hippocampus and BCAS affecting the blood flow. BCCAO rats exhibited anxiety-like behaviors and cognitive impairment at week 8, while BCAS mice showed significant cognitive deficits at week 4. Both surgeries caused cellular responses to white matter damage, with increased astrocytes and microglial/macrophagemarkers observed in the corpus callosum region. Physical growth and development were not significantly impacted, and there was no difference in bilateral cerebral blood flow between the surgery and sham groups. In conclusion, both models induced significant cognitive impairment and white matter damage. BCCAO induced anxiety-like behaviors at a later stage compared to BCAS, which could help researchers study the underlying mechanisms of chronic cerebral ischemia and drug evaluation.
miR-153 Targets Autophagy and Apoptosis Caspase Family to Explore the Molecular Mechanism of Polystyrene Nanoparticles Intervening in Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Wang Linru , Wang Pinyi , Cui Yunfei , Hu Wenxian
Published: August 2023

This study investigates whether miR-153 regulates the expression of autophagy and apoptosis-related gene Caspase3, and analyzes the role of polystyrene nanoparticles in thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm cells. Surgically resected thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm tissue samples were included as the observation group and the control group included 2 cm tissues from the side of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm. The mRNA levels of miR-153 and Caspase3 were assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration were evaluated. Tissue microarray and RT-PCR showed that miR-153 was expressed in tissues and it displayed a targeted relationship with Caspase3. Transwell results showed that transfection of miR-153-targeted Caspase3 nanoparticles significantly reduced the infiltration of thoracic and aortic aneurysm. After si-RNA interfered with the expression of miR-153, the proliferation rate of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms in the miR-153-targeted Caspase3-directed nanoparticle group was significantly reduced. On the contrary, when miR-153 was overexpressed, the apoptosis was significantly reduced. Transfection of si-miR-153-targeting Caspase3 nanoparticles significantly reduced the invasion and metastasis ability of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm cells and the migration ability was increased after reversing miR-153 expression. The decreased expression of miR-153 is related to the increased expression of Caspase3 and enhanced invasion and metastasis of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. Overexpression of miR-153 can inhibit the expression of Caspase3 and targeted nanoparticles can effectively enhance cell activities.
Identification of Key Genes Involved in Carcinogenesis and Progression of Colon Cancer Based on Bioinformatics
Authors: Huang Zhiqiang , Huang Lu , Li Lili , Xiang Chunming , Xiong Xin , Lu Yongxiu
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to identify key genes associated with colon cancer development. Two datasets (GSE101502 and GSE20916) were obtained from the GEO database and subjected to online analysis. The mirDIP tool predicted target genes based on differentially expressed miRNAs in GSE101502.
The DAVID database performed Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses on differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The PPI network of DEGs was constructed using the STRING database and visualized with Cytoscape software. From GSE101502, 21 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified,
while GSE20916 yielded 921 DEGs. By intersecting the two datasets, 112 common DEGs (co-DEGs) were screened. GO analysis revealed that DEGs were involved in various biological processes, including extracellular matrix organization, kinase activity regulation, and cell-matrix adhesion. KEGG
pathway analysis indicated their participation in cancer-related pathways, such as viral carcinogenesis and microRNAs in cancer. Nine hub genes were identified, namely CCNB1, XPO4, KIF1B, PLK4, KMT2A, EP300, ECT2, FBN1, and RB1. These hub genes are closely associated with colon cancer and
hold potential as biomarkers for its diagnosis and prognosis.
Analysis of Electrical Characteristics of N-Doped TiO2 and Si Heterojunction Diodes
Authors: Lei Qiumei , Tian Gaoqi , Lei Xiaoping , Li Wenyao , Su Anna , Fouad Hassan , Akhtar M. S. , Ji Tao
Published: August 2023

Heterojunction photodiodes play a crucial role in various industries and daily life. They find application in fields such as photoelectric detection, aerospace, and intelligent manufacturing. In this study, we employed a series of growth processes, including physical vapor deposition
techniques such as magnetron sputtering, high-temperature annealing, and hydrothermal growth, to fabricate N-doped TiO2 heterojunction diode devices with Si as a substrate material. The surface of the device exhibited a columnar array structure with rutile phase TiO2.
Additionally, the doping of N element led to the bending of the energy band of TiO2 by approximately 0.2 eV, and the Fermi level also shifted to the valence band, without any effect on the band gap. The I–V characteristics varied in vacuum and air, with ideal factors (η)
of 4.1 and 8.72, respectively. The study is expected to broaden the application scope of doped photodiodes.
LncRNA NCK1-AS1 Facilitates Colorectal Carcinoma Proliferation by Modulating the IGF1/AKT Signaling Pathway: A Detailed Study
Authors: Qi Li , Yin Yue , Sun Mengqi
Published: August 2023

The study aimed to investigate the regulatory effects of lncRNA NCK1-AS1 on colorectal carcinoma (CRC) proliferation and the involvement of the IGF1/AKT signaling. The study detected the expression levels of NCK1-AS1 in paired CRC and normal tissues using qRT-PCR and analyzed its prognostic
value in CRC through the Kaplan-Meier method. The study assessed the proliferative ability in HT-29 and HCT-8 cells after transfection of sh-NCK1-AS1 through CCK-8, colony formation, and EdU assay. The study determined the protein levels of IGF1 and AKT in CRC cells with NCK1-AS1 knockdown
by Western blot and verified the binding relationship between NCK1-AS1 and IGF1 through the dual-luciferase reporter assay. The study also examined the role of IGF1 in CRC process through a series of rescue experiments. The study found that NCK1-AS1 was highly expressed in CRC tissues and
had a prognostic value. Knockdown of NCK1-AS1 markedly suppressed the proliferative ability of CRC cells. The study also showed that NCK1-AS1 promoted the proliferative ability of CRC cells by activating the IGF1/AKT signaling. Therefore, NCK1-AS1 is a potential indicator for predicting poor
prognosis of CRC. In conclusion, highly abundant NCK1-AS1 in CRC tissues triggers cancer cell proliferation by activating the IGF1/AKT signaling.
Two New Cobalt(II) Heterotrispin Dimers Bridged by Functional Nitronyl Nitroxides: Structure and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Ma Jin-Ke , Chen Jing , Zhang You-Juan , Wang Qing-Lun
Published: August 2023

Two dimers Co(II)-nitronyl nitroxide (NITR) compounds, [Co(hfac)2(NITmPh3Py)]21and [Co(hfac)2(NIToPh3Py)]22(NITmPh3Py = 2-[3-methoxyphenyl(3-pyridinyl)]-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl imidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide; NIToPy3Ph = 2-[2-methoxyphenyl(3-pyridinyl)]-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl imidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide; hfac = hexaflfluoroacetylacetonate) have been prepared and characterized. Compound1crystallizes in orthorhombi space groupPbcn; compound2is in monoclinic space groupP21/c. The magnetic susceptibility studies show antiferromagnetic interactions between Co(II) ion and NITR radical in1and2.
Evaluation of three-component boron-free glass fiber/TiO2/polyimide nanocomposite properties prepared by 3D turbula dispersion and spark plasma sintering method
Authors: Ogbonna VE , Popoola API , Popoola OM
Published: August 2023

Interest has grown in recent time on the development of three-component polymer nanocomposite with enhanced properties. However, the study focuses on the effect of TiO2 nanofiller on the mechanical, tribological, dielectric, and corrosion resistance properties of boron-free glass fiber (BGF) reinforced polyimide (PI) composite produced with spark plasma sintering route. Microstructure of the samples was examined using scanning electron microscopy. Mechanical, tribological, dielectric, thermal, and corrosion behaviour of the samples were characterized by nanoindenter, ball-on-disc, LCR meter, TGA, and potentiodynamic polarization test, respectively. The SEM results show that the introduction of the nanoparticles into the BGF/PI composite aids in more uniform distribution of the BGF particles within the PI matrix, and thus good interfacial interaction of the glass fiber and the PI matrix structure. Comparing the BGF/PI composite sample with BGF/TiO2/PI nanocomposite, it was observed that the nanocomposite depicted better hardness, elastic modulus, low friction coefficient and wear rate, dielectric, and enhanced corrosion properties. With TiO2 additions, hardness and modulus of the PI composite was improved by 56.6% and 10.1%, respectively. In addition, PI composites filled with TiO2 depicted a 0.07 coefficient of friction and wear rate of about 67.7% in reduction than that of neat PI and 9.0% in reduction than that of the pristine BGF/PI composites. Improved interactions between the reinforcements and the host matrix are suggested as the possible mechanism resulting to the desirable properties of the three-component PI nanocomposite recorded. Finally, the developed nanocomposite is suggested to be favourable for automobile, aerospace, and microelectronic device applications.