bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital RNA sequencing using unique molecular identifiers enables ultrasensitive RNA mutation analysis
Authors: Luna Santamaría Manuel , Andersson Daniel , Parris Toshima Z. , Helou Khalil , Österlund Tobias , Ståhlberg Anders
Published: March 2024

Mutation analysis is typically performed at the DNA level since most technical approaches are developed for DNA analysis. However, some applications, like transcriptional mutagenesis, RNA editing and gene expression analysis, require RNA analysis. Here, we combine reverse transcription and digital DNA sequencing to enable low error digital RNA sequencing. We evaluate yield, reproducibility, dynamic range and error correction rate for seven different reverse transcription conditions using multiplexed assays. The yield, reproducibility and error rate vary substantially between the specific conditions, where the yield differs 9.9-fold between the best and worst performing condition. Next, we show that error rates similar to DNA sequencing can be achieved for RNA using appropriate reverse transcription conditions, enabling detection of mutant allele frequencies <0.1% at RNA level. We also detect mutations at both DNA and RNA levels in tumor tissue using a breast cancer panel. Finally, we demonstrate that digital RNA sequencing can be applied to liquid biopsies, analyzing cell-free gene transcripts. In conclusion, we demonstrate that digital RNA sequencing is suitable for ultrasensitive RNA mutation analysis, enabling several basic research and clinical applications.
Cooler Arctic surface temperatures simulated by climate models are closer to satellite-based data than the ERA5 reanalysis
Authors: Tian Tian , Yang Shuting , Høyer Jacob Lorentsen , Nielsen-Englyst Pia , Singha Suman
Published: March 2024

Many climate models simulate near-surface air temperatures that are too low in the Arctic compared to the observation-based ERA5 reanalysis data, a bias that was noted in the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change Sixth Assessment Report (IPCC AR6). Here we present a high-resolution, satellite-derived dataset of near-surface air temperatures for the Arctic sea-ice region (1982–2020). We use it as a benchmark to reevaluate climate reanalyses and model simulations in CMIP6 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6). We find that the CMIP6 simulations in the central Arctic, with generally thicker ice and snow, align well with satellite observations, with an annual mean bias of less than ± 1 °C over sea ice. By contrast, climate reanalyses like ERA5 exhibit widespread warm biases exceeding 2 °C in the same region. We conclude that reliance on ERA5 reanalysis as a reference may have led to an underestimation of climate model reliability in the Arctic region.
State variation in neighborhood COVID-19 burden across the United States
Authors: Noppert Grace A. , Clarke Philippa , Hoover Andrew , Kubale John , Melendez Robert , Duchowny Kate , Hegde Sonia T.
Published: March 2024

Background

A lack of fine, spatially-resolute case data for the U.S. has prevented the examination of how COVID-19 infection burden has been distributed across neighborhoods, a key determinant of both risk and resilience. Without more spatially resolute data, efforts to identify and mitigate the long-term fallout from COVID-19 in vulnerable communities will remain difficult to quantify and intervene on.

Methods

We leveraged spatially-referenced data from 21 states collated through the COVID Neighborhood Project to examine the distribution of COVID-19 cases across neighborhoods and states in the U.S. We also linked the COVID-19 case data with data on the neighborhood social environment from the National Neighborhood Data Archive. We then estimated correlations between neighborhood COVID-19 burden and features of the neighborhood social environment.

Results

We find that the distribution of COVID-19 at the neighborhood-level varies within and between states. The median case count per neighborhood (coefficient of variation (CV)) in Wisconsin is 3078.52 (0.17) per 10,000 population, indicating a more homogenous distribution of COVID-19 burden, whereas in Vermont the median case count per neighborhood (CV) is 810.98 (0.84) per 10,000 population. We also find that correlations between features of the neighborhood social environment and burden vary in magnitude and direction by state.

Conclusions

Our findings underscore the importance that local contexts may play when addressing the long-term social and economic fallout communities will face from COVID-19.
Multimodal bioimaging across disciplines and scales: challenges, opportunities and breaking down barriers
Authors: Bischof Johanna , Fletcher Georgina , Verkade Paul , Kuntner Claudia , Fernandez-Rodriguez Julia , Chaabane Linda , Rose Leor Ariel , Walter Andreas , Vandenbosch Michiel , van Zandvoort Marc A. M. J. , Zaritsky Assaf , Keppler Antje , Parsons Maddy
Published: March 2024

Multimodal bioimaging is a broad term used to describe experimental workflows that employ two or more different imaging modalities. Such approaches have been in use across life science domains for several years but these remain relatively limited in scope, in part due to the complexity of undertaking these types of analysis. Expanding these workflows to encompass diverse, emerging technology holds potential to revolutionize our understanding of spatial biology. In this perspective we reflect on the instrument and workflows in current use, emerging areas to consider and our experience of the barriers to broader adoption and progress. We propose several enabling solutions across the different challenge areas, emerging opportunities for consideration and highlight some of the key community activities to help move the field forward.
Universal scaling between wave speed and size enables nanoscale high-performance reservoir computing based on propagating spin-waves
Authors: Iihama Satoshi , Koike Yuya , Mizukami Shigemi , Yoshinaga Natsuhiko
Published: March 2024

Physical implementation of neuromorphic computing using spintronics technology has attracted recent attention for the future energy-efficient AI at nanoscales. Reservoir computing (RC) is promising for realizing the neuromorphic computing device. By memorizing past input information and its nonlinear transformation, RC can handle sequential data and perform time-series forecasting and speech recognition. However, the current performance of spintronics RC is poor due to the lack of understanding of its mechanism. Here we demonstrate that nanoscale physical RC using propagating spin waves can achieve high computational power comparable with other state-of-art systems. We develop the theory with response functions to understand the mechanism of high performance. The theory clarifies that wave-based RC generates Volterra series of the input through delayed and nonlinear responses. The delay originates from wave propagation. We find that the scaling of system sizes with the propagation speed of spin waves plays a crucial role in achieving high performance.
Fibromodulin facilitates the osteogenic effect of Masquelet's induced membrane by inhibiting the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Kai , Zhou Ming , Zhang Yuanshu , Jin Yesheng , Xue Yuan , Mao Dong , Rui Yongjun
Published: March 2024

Schematic illustration of the mechanism by which an IM promotes bone formation. FMOD secreted by the IM promotes osteogenesis of BMSCs and angiogenesis of HUVECs by inhibiting the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway, thus facilitating bone formation.
Molecular heterometallic clusters [Re6−xMoxS8L6] (x = 2–3, L = py, etpy, tbp): negligible influence of the x value on the crystal structures
Authors: Lappi Tatiana I. , Gaifulin Yakov M. , Sukhikh Taisiya S. , Gaifulina Viktoria K. , Yanshole Vadim V. , Cordier Stephane , Naumov Nikolay G.
Published: March 2024

The influence of the metal ratio on the geometric characteristics and crystal structures of heterometallic clusters with {Re6−xMoxQ8} cores was studied. Complexes with the same apical ligands form isostructural packings and form the solid solutions.
Enhancing conversion using diffusio-osmosis from patterned catalytic surfaces
Authors: Visan Aura , Wood Jeffery A. , Lammertink Rob G. H.
Published: March 2024

Alternating reactive and inert surface regions give rise to concentration gradients that drive fluid flow. The significance of this flow regarding transport phenomena has been studied numerically.
Mechanochemically-assisted synthesis of 3D, 2D and quasi 2D lead halide perovskites for supercapacitor applications
Authors: Mahapatra Apurba , Mandal Manoranjan , Das Mahapatra Ayon , Anilkumar Vishnu , Nawrocki Jan , Chavan Rohit D. , Yadav Pankaj , Prochowicz Daniel
Published: March 2024

A mechanochemically synthesized family of lead halide perovskites was utilized to fabricate electrodes for electrolyte-based supercapacitors. The effect of material quality and dimensionality of the perovskite structure on the device performance and stability was thoroughly discussed.
A physics-inspired approach to the understanding of molecular representations and models
Authors: Dicks Luke , Graff David E. , Jordan Kirk E. , Coley Connor W. , Pyzer-Knapp Edward O.
Published: March 2024

By drawing on similarities between energy landscapes and model response surfaces we gain new insight into model performance, even in the absence of data.
Cell sorting by active forces in a phase-field model of cell monolayers
Authors: Graham James N. , Zhang Guanming , Yeomans Julia M.
Published: March 2024

We have used a multi-phase field model of epithelial cells to investigate an active mechanism for phase separation. This has implications for embryogenesis and morphogenesis.
Probing the evolution in catalytic graphitization of biomass-based materials for enduring energetic applications
Authors: Mennani Mehdi , Ait Benhamou Anass , Mekkaoui Ayoub Abdelkader , El Bachraoui Fatima , El Achaby Mounir , Moubarik Amine , Kassab Zineb
Published: March 2024

Catalytic processing of biomass and its derivatives to produce graphitizable materials offers a transformative method for converting renewable resources into bio-energy and valuable carbon-based materials.
Fe-doped α-MnO2/rGO cathode material for zinc ion batteries with long lifespan and high areal capacity
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Fan Hefei , Liu Qianfeng , Wu Yangga , Wang Erdong
Published: March 2024

The Fe-doped α-MnO2/rGO nanocomposite possesses 72.2 mA h g−1 after 10 000 cycles, and exhibits power density 734.1 mW cm−2 which can drive commercial portable fans (4.5 W).
Compact aqueous zinc–carbon capacitors with high capacity and ultra-long lifespan
Authors: Xu Yang , Li Tao , Zhang Shicong , Shen Yi , Huang Fuqiang , Lin Tianquan
Published: March 2024

Aqueous zinc–carbon capacitors possess great potential for bridging the gap between conventional batteries and supercapacitors by offering abundant high-power energy.
Two-electron oxidized polyphenol chemistry-inspired superhydrophilic drug-carrying coatings for the construction of multifunctional nasolacrimal duct stents
Authors: Xiao Wenzhe , Wang Binjian , Wang Xuemei , Zhang Guanghong , Zhao Yihao , Zhang Zezhen , Li Linhua , Qu Chao
Published: March 2024

A new kind of superhydrophilic drug-carrying coating was synthesized from dopamine and rapamycin to prevent nasolacrimal duct from obstructing through anti-inflammation, anti-infection and anti-fibrosis regulation. This research provides a versatile surface bioengineering strategy.
pH-responsive iron-loaded carbonaceous nanoparticles for chemodynamic therapy based on the Fenton reaction
Authors: Li Nianlu , Zhang Gaorui , Zhan Jinhua , Yu Dexin
Published: March 2024

Iron-loaded carbonaceous nanoparticles with enhanced Fenton catalytic activity through carbonaceous nanoparticle-mediated electron transfer for chemodynamic therapy for cancer.
The influence of the alkoxy substituent length on the crystal structures of Tc(v) complexes with pyrazine
Authors: Novikov Anton P. , Volkov Mikhail A.
Published: March 2024

This paper reports the synthesis, X-ray and spectral characterization of pyrazine Tc(v) complexes with alkoxy ligands (from CH3 to C10H21). An increase in the chain length leads to a linear decrease in the decomposition temperature of the complex.
Developing deprotectase biocatalysts for synthesis
Authors: Kennedy Lisa , Sajjad Mariyah , Herrera Michael A. , Szieber Peter , Rybacka Natasza , Zhao Yinan , Steven Craig , Alghamdi Zainab , Zlatkov Ivan , Hagen Julie , Lauder Chloe , Rudolfova Natalie , Abramiuk Magdalena , Bolimowska Karolina , Joynt Daniel , Lucero Angelica , Ortiz Gustavo Perez , Lilienkampf Annamaria , Hulme Alison N. , Campopiano Dominic J.
Published: March 2024

A 1 pot, 2 step deprotection biocatalytic cascade.
Optimization of extraction conditions to synthesize green carbon nanodots using the Maillard reaction
Authors: Nguyen Duyen H.H. , Muthu Arjun , El-Ramady Hassan , Daróczi Lajos , Nagy Lajos , Kéki Sándor , Béni Áron , Csarnovics Istvan , Prokisch József
Published: March 2024

Developed method to optimize green CNDs synthesis & measure concentration in baked goods. Extracted CNDs characterized using TEM, Raman, UV-Vis & fluorescence.
Switching from binary to ternary WORM memory behavior of benzothiadiazole-based D–A system
Authors: Bhagyanath Paliyottil Kesavan , Angela Varghese Maria , Asit Hait , Imran Predhanekar M. , Bhuvanesh Nattamai S. P. , Nagarajan Samuthira
Published: March 2024

A series of novel benzothiadiazoles was synthesized via a Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-cross-coupling reaction, encompassing compounds with D–A–D and D–A–A architectures.
Pd((R)-DTBM-SEGphos)Cl2-catalyzed kinetic resolution of tertiary propargylic alcohols
Authors: Wang Jie , Zheng Wei-Feng , Li Yuling , Guo Yin-Long , Qian Hui , Ma Shengming
Published: March 2024

A variety of optically active tertiary propargylic alcohols and tetrasubstituted 2,3-allenoic acids have been synthesized via a Pd((R)-DTBM-SEGphos)Cl2-catalyzed carboxylative kinetic resolution reaction of racemic tertiary propargylic alcohols.
Novel valleytronic and piezoelectric properties coexisting in Janus MoAZ3H (A = Si, or Ge; Z = N, P, or As) monolayers
Authors: Cai Xiaolin , Chen Guoxing , Li Rui , Pan Zhixiang , Jia Yu
Published: March 2024

By first-principles calculations, we find that valleytronic and piezoelectric properties coexist in Janus MoAZ3H ML materials, providing wide applications in the fields of valleytronics and energy conversion for MoAZ3H MLs.
Application of Pr-MOFs as saturable absorbers in ultrafast photonics
Authors: Du Xiaohui , Liu Houting , Li Shaokai , Ding Zefei , Liu Chenyue , Zhu Cunguang , Wang Pengpeng
Published: March 2024

Pr-MOF([Pr(L)(CO3)0.5(H2O)]n) has been shown to have excellent nonlinear properties and has been successfully applied to an erbium-doped fiber laser.
The astrophysical parameters of chemically peculiar stars from automatic methods
Authors: Paunzen E.
Published: March 2024

Context. The chemically peculiar (CP) stars of the upper main sequence are excellent astrophysical laboratories for investigating the diffusion, mass loss, rotational mixing, and pulsation in the presence and absence of a stable local magnetic field. For this, we need a homogeneous set of parameters, such as effective temperature (Teff) and surface gravity (log g), to locate the stars in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram so that we can then estimate the mass, radius, and age.

Aims. In recent years, the results of several automatic pipelines have been published; these use various techniques and data sets, including Teff and log g values for millions of stars. Because CP stars are known to have flux anomalies, these astrophysical parameters must be tested for their reliability and usefulness. If the outcome is positive, these can be used to analyse the new and faint CP stars published recently.

Methods. I compared published Teff and log g values of a set of CP stars, which are mostly based on high-resolution spectroscopy, with values from four automatic pipeline approaches. In doing so, I searched for possible correlations and offsets.

Results. I present a detailed statistical analysis of a comparison between the ‘standard’ and published Teff and log g values. The accuracy depends on the presence of a magnetic field and the spectral type of the CP subgroups. However, I obtain standard deviations of between 2% and 20%.

Conclusions. Considering the statistical errors, the astrophysical parameters from the literature can be used for CP stars, although caution is advised for magnetic CP stars.
Orbital analysis of stars in the nuclear stellar disc of the Milky Way
Authors: Nieuwmunster N. , Schultheis M. , Sormani M. , Fragkoudi F. , Nogueras-Lara F. , Schödel R. , McMillan P. , Smith L. C. , Sanders J. L.
Published: March 2024

Context. While orbital analysis studies were so far mainly focused on the Galactic halo, it is possible now to do these studies in the heavily obscured region close to the Galactic Centre.

Aims. We aim to do a detailed orbital analysis of stars located in the nuclear stellar disc (NSD) of the Milky Way allowing us to trace the dynamical history of this structure.

Methods. We integrated orbits of the observed stars in a non-axisymmetric potential. We used a Fourier transform to estimate the orbital frequencies. We compared two orbital classifications, one made by eye and the other with an algorithm, in order to identify the main orbital families. We also compared the Lyapunov and the frequency drift techniques to estimate the chaoticity of the orbits.

Results. We identified several orbital families as chaotic, z-tube, x-tube, banana, fish, saucer, pretzel, 5:4, and 5:6 orbits. As expected for stars located in a NSD, the large majority of orbits are identified as z-tubes (or as a sub-family of z-tubes). Since the latter are parented by x2 orbits, this result supports the contribution of the bar (in which x2 orbits are dominant in the inner region) in the formation of the NSD. Moreover, most of the chaotic orbits are found to be contaminants from the bar or bulge which would confirm the predicted contamination from the most recent NSD models.

Conclusions. Based on a detailed orbital analysis, we were able to classify orbits into various families, most of which are parented by x2-type orbits, which are dominant in the inner part of the bar.
The miniJPAS survey
Authors: Doubrawa L. , Cypriano E. S. , Finoguenov A. , Lopes P. A. A. , Gonzalez A. H. , Maturi M. , Dupke R. A. , González Delgado R. M. , Abramo R. , Benitez N. , Bonoli S. , Carneiro S. , Cenarro J. , Cristóbal-Hornillos D. , Ederoclite A. , Hernán-Caballero A. , López-Sanjuan C. , Marín-Franch A. , Mendes de Oliveira C. , Moles M. , Sodré L. , Taylor K. , Varela J. , Vázquez Ramió H.
Published: March 2024

Context. Galaxy clusters are an essential tool to understand and constrain the cosmological parameters of our universe. Thanks to its multi-band design, J-PAS offers a unique group and cluster detection window using precise photometric redshifts and sufficient depths.

Aims. We produced galaxy cluster catalogues from miniJPAS, which is a pathfinder survey for the wider J-PAS survey, using the PZWav algorithm.

Methods. Relying only on photometric information, we provide optical mass tracers for the identified clusters, including richness, optical luminosity, and stellar mass. By reanalysing the Chandra mosaic of the AEGIS field, alongside the overlapping XMM-Newton observations, we produced an X-ray catalogue.

Results. The analysis revealed the possible presence of structures with masses of 4 × 1013 M⊙ at redshift 0.75, highlighting the depth of the survey. Comparing results with those from two other cluster catalogues provided by AMICO and VT, we found 43 common clusters with cluster centre offsets of 100 ± 60 kpc and redshift differences below 0.001. We provide a comparison of the cluster catalogues with a catalogue of massive galaxies and report on the significance of cluster selection. In general, we were able to recover approximately 75% of the galaxies with M⋆ > 2 × 1011 M⊙.

Conclusions. This study emphasises the potential of the J-PAS survey and the employed techniques, including down to group scales.
On the impact of downward-directed human voice radiation on ground reflections
Authors: Pörschmann Christoph , Arend Johannes M.
Published: March 2024

Previous studies on vertical or full-spherical directivity patterns of the human voice showed that the human voice has a slightly downward main radiation direction over a wide frequency range. This paper investigates the phoneme-dependencies of human voice radiation in the vertical plane and analyzes to what extent these characteristics affect the ground reflection and the sound incidence at a listener position. The results show that for most phonemes and below 800 Hz, the ground reflection is stronger than the direct sound component because of the downward-directed main radiation. On the contrary, between 800 Hz and 1.6 kHz, the main radiation direction is upward, probably mainly due to diffraction and reflections from the shoulders and the torso.
La génomique équine : tour d’horizon des outils disponibles pour les applications actuelles et à venir
Authors: Oden Élise
Published: March 2024

Depuis quelques décennies, de nombreux outils technologiques initialement destinés à l’étude de la génomique humaine ont été rapidement déployés chez les animaux d’élevage, dont les chevaux. Tout d’abord, le génotypage permet l’analyse des variations génétiques dans l’ADN génomique d’un organisme : par exemple, les marqueurs microsatellites, séquences répétées présentes partout dans les génomes eucaryotes ou bien les SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) qui correspondent à des variations d’une seule base nucléotidique. En laboratoire, le génotypage est actuellement utilisé pour la réalisation des contrôles de filiation ou pour la recherche d’un caractère d’intérêt et des maladies monogéniques équines. La technologie de séquençage permet, quant à elle, de déterminer la séquence nucléotidique d’un fragment d’ADN ou d’un génome entier : ainsi, Twilight, premier cheval dont le génome a été entièrement séquencé en 2009. D’autres alternatives au séquençage permettent de mesurer l’expression des gènes dans un tissu donné par une approche de transcriptomique (ou RNAseq), de comprendre la régulation de cette expression génique par des études épigénétiques ou bien de connaître le microbiote d’un échantillon par analyse métagénomique. L’ensemble de ces développements génomiques offre de belles perspectives pour le diagnostic équin de demain grâce à une meilleure connaissance des maladies multifactorielles et la mise en place d’une médecine personnalisée. Ces outils apporteront également des éléments nouveaux aux professionnels de la filière en termes d’élevage ou de sélection ainsi qu’une amélioration de la prédiction des aptitudes au sport des chevaux athlètes.
Les marqueurs génétiques pour les aptitudes
Authors: Ricard Anne
Published: March 2024

Les marqueurs génétiques sont des différences entre chevaux dans la séquence de l’ADN. L’outil puce SNP (Single Nucleotid Polymorphism) permet de génotyper 60 000 différences ponctuelles d’une base de l’ADN pour un coût inférieur à 50 € (hors brevets). La chaîne de traitement de l’information génomique sera opérationnelle en France en 2025 pour tout cheval soumis au contrôle de filiation. Pour les caractères mono- ou oligo-géniques tels que les robes ou certaines pathologies, ce génotypage permet de déduire directement le phénotype du cheval et de gérer les accouplements à risque. Certains caractères complexes sont sous l’influence de gènes à effet majeur : la qualification et l’absence de faute aux allures pour le Trotteur Français, la distance en course pour le Pur-Sang anglais, la taille pour beaucoup de chevaux de selle. Dans ce cas, la connaissance du génotype augmente les probabilités de réalisation du caractère concerné, mais le résultat n’est pas binaire. Enfin, pour les caractères complexes, une évaluation incluant toutes les données génomiques permet une augmentation de la précision et une meilleure prédiction des performances des produits.
Radiation risk during thoracic CT scan for diagnostic and radiotherapy planning procedures in Hassan II, Hospital, Agadir Morocco
Authors: Semghouli S. , El Fahssi M. , Choukri A. , Amaoui B.
Published: March 2024

Objective: This study aims to establish diagnostic reference levels and radiation-induced risk for the diagnostic CT-scans and the radiotherapy planning CT-scans of the thorax in the regional hospital of Agadir, Morocco.

Materials and methods: Data from two groups of patients undergoing thoracic CT-scans with either diagnostic CT-scans (G1, n = 120) or radiotherapy planning CT-scans (G2, n = 120) are collected. All acquisitions were helical. DRLs is calculated for each type of thoracic CT-scan by estimating the 75% percentile of the CTDIvol and the DLP. The total cancer risk RC was calculated according to the ICRP publication 103. The data are statistically analyzed by SPSS Statistics V21.0. The student’s t-test was used to establish the relationship between gender, clinical indication, and effective dose. The Spearman test was used to establish the relationship between age, BMI, and effective dose.

Results: DRLs in terms of CTDIvol and DLP for radiotherapy planning of thorax were 19.37 mGy and 851.9 mGy cm, respectively. In diagnostic CT-scans, DRLs in terms of CTDIvol for pulmonary embolism, infectious lung disease, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) were 11.13 mGy, 10.26 mGy, and 7.37 mGy respectively, and DRLs in terms of DLP were 417.73 mGy cm, 451.9 mGy cm and 317.78 mGy cm respectively. The cancer risk for radiotherapy planning CT-scans is ranged between 209 and 1564 with a mean value of 715 per 1 million of CT-scan. For diagnostic CT-scans, the cancer risk is ranged between 199 and 626 with a mean value of 357 per 1 million for pulmonary embolism, between 238 and 668 with a mean value of 369 per 1 million for infectious lung disease, and between 130 and 393 with a mean value of 244 per 1 million for COPD.

Conclusion: Optimizing the doses received by patients in medical imaging, particularly CT, has become an obligation. Reviewing practices and procedures and promoting a radiation protection culture can help to better manage the radiation doses received by the patient.
200 ans d’électricité solaire
Authors: Suchet Daniel , Guillemoles Jean-Francis
Published: March 2024

Deux-cents ans après la découverte de l’effet photovoltaïque par Edmond Becquerel, les panneaux solaires sont devenus une technologie du quotidien, que l’on croise sur les toits des maisons ou le long des voies de chemin de fer. Cette apparente familiarité cache cependant l’évolution rapide et continue de la filière : les panneaux installés aujourd’hui sont bien différents de ceux mis en place il y a quelques années, en termes de conception, de couts comme de défis à relever. Le photovoltaïque s’impose maintenant comme un acteur incontournable du paysage énergétique mondial, et son dynamisme exige de suivre son évolution de près.

Cet article se propose de faire le point sur l’état actuel de la filière en présentant les ordres de grandeur typiques, la dynamique du secteur et les perspectives à venir. Il pourra être complété par les questions-réponses élaborées par des chercheurs du domaine et disponibles sur https://solairepv.fr/.
Le captage et le stockage du CO2
Authors: Delprat-Jannaud Florence
Published: March 2024

Le captage et le stockage géologique du gaz carbonique ne sont pas des technologies nouvelles : le captage et la séparation du CO2 sont appliqués dans l’industrie depuis des décennies, et l’injection de CO2 est pratiquée depuis les années 1970 pour la récupération assistée du pétrole. Toutefois, des verrous restent à lever pour leur déploiement à grande échelle.

Cet article propose une revue des technologies existantes, qu’elles soient matures ou en cours de développement, ainsi qu’une discussion sur les enjeux à adresser : réduction des couts et de la pénalité énergétique pour le captage du CO2, mutualisation des infrastructures pour le transport, démonstration de la faisabilité du stockage massif ainsi que perspectives en matière d’utilisation.
Le numérique est une industrie de plus en plus lourde
Authors: Bidan Marc , Ferreboeuf Hugues , Marrauld Laurie , Rodhain Florence
Published: March 2024

L’informatique en nuage et les pratiques qui s’y rattachent sont l’une des activités les plus énergivores de tout l’écosystème numérique. Le 10 mars 2021, un incendie a détruit entièrement l’un des quatre centres de données strasbourgeois de OVH, le numéro un français du “cloud computing”. Cet incendie malheureux (voir la photo, p. 153) et ses conséquences lourdes doivent nous inciter à repenser le rapport du numérique à l’environnement et à sa propre durabilité. Les dégâts et les impacts de cet incendie montrent que le “cloud”, le « nuage », n’est pas si éthéré que cela. Bien au contraire. Lorsque le centre de données brule, c’est bien de la matière qui brule. Nos données sont hébergées et traitées dans des usines, même si leur réalité physique, virtualisée par les discours marketing et médiatiques, est devenue de moins en moins perceptible pour l’utilisateur final.
Data-driven budget allocation of retail media by ad product, funnel metric, and brand size
Authors: Qin Vivian , Pauwels Koen , Zhou Bobby
Published: March 2024

Sellers on online marketplaces such as Amazon.com use a variety of retail and retail media advertising services to improve their brand performance, including awareness, consideration, and revenue. But how can they measure their progress and drive these metrics? For 122,000 brands, we measure Amazon shoppers’ brand awareness, consideration, and purchases and test how they change with ad and retail actions. Furthermore, we compare these brands’ past media mix with the recommended allocation based on the model’s coefficients. We find that new product launches and upper-funnel retail media advertising are particularly effective for small brands. Medium-sized and large brands benefit most from lower-funnel advertising. For the funnel stages, all three metrics benefit from the number of new reviews, % discount, negative keywords, and geo-reach campaigns. These results are robust across different product categories, but we find notable differences in how upper- and middle-funnel ad products succeed in driving sales.
Testing the unique item hypothesis with phrasal verbs in Chinese–English translations of Lu Xun’s short stories: the perspective of translation directionality
Authors: Zhan Juhong , Jiang Yue
Published: March 2024

The present study revisits the unique item hypothesis (UIH) from the perspective of translation directionality in the Chinese–English(C–E) language pair. Phrasal verb (PV) is used as the linguistic feature to investigate whether UIH holds true in C–E translations and whether translation directionality plays a role in the representation of unique items, based on a self-built parallel corpus of Lu Xun’s short stories and their English translations done by two L1 and two L2 translators, and a reference corpus of BNC short stories as the non-translated reference. It is found PVs are significantly over-represented in C–E translated texts when compared with English non-translated texts, and this overrepresentation is mainly attributed to the remarkable use of PVs by L1 translators; and there is a significant difference in the use of PVs by translators of different directionality, while no significant difference is found within the same direction. Additionally, L2 translators tend to use a limited range of PVs and prefer transparent PVs to semi-transparent and opaque ones. The results falsify the UIH in general and suggest that UIH is a conditional translation tendency constrained by translation directionality, or UIH is directionality-dependent. Gravitational pull model is used to analyze and explain the divergence between different translation directions.
Social support and reference group: the dual action mechanism of the social network on subjective poverty
Authors: Li Suxia , Cai Meng
Published: March 2024

The social network is an important way to promote subjective poverty alleviation. Based on China Labor Dynamics Survey (CLDS) data from 2014, 2016, and 2018, this paper analyzes the action mechanism of social networks on the subjective poverty of Chinese residents. The results find that social network acts on subjective poverty through social support and reference groups. Specifically, social networks provide emotional and instrumental social support for individuals, which can effectively alleviate subjective poverty. In addition, when the social network members serve as the reference group, the higher the status of individuals in the network, the weaker the subjective poverty. Secondly, objective poverty is the mediating path between the social support function of social networks and subjective poverty. Finally, objective poverty is a regulator of the effect of social networks as a reference group on subjective poverty. When individuals are objectively poor, the alleviating effect of social networks as a reference group on subjective poverty is weakened. In summary, placing social networks’ social support and reference group functions under the same framework helps fully grasp social networks’ social benefits. As a result, consolidating China’s poverty reduction achievements and focusing on the informal social insurance role of social networks are conducive to alleviating subjective poverty.
Beyond occupational exhaustion: exploring the influence of positive meaningful work on teachers’ psychoemotional well-being in the digital age
Authors: Trillo A. , Bretones F. D. , Giuliano R. , Manuti A.
Published: March 2024

The teaching profession, intrinsically vocational, bestows upon its practitioners a deep sense of meaning and personal dedication. However, this personal commitment can be affected by the constant evolution of labour demands, exacerbated by the increasing technification of education. Both these needs, at a personal and organisational level, can lead to the development of emotional exhaustion, a psychological state manifesting with increased frequency in the educational sector. In this context, and referencing the job demands-resources model, we propose a model focused on the examination of the role according to the positive meaning in modulating emotional exhaustion. The research was conducted with a sample of 213 secondary school teachers in southern Spain, using a survey methodology. All data were analysed throughout the SPSS and Smart PLS statistical programs. The obtained results indicate that the presence of positive meaningful work has a negative impact on emotional exhaustion, technocomplexity and work-family conflict. Furthermore, the negative effect of positive meaning work on work-family conflict was stronger for teachers with greater experience. This study enhances the understanding of teacher well-being, suggesting the update of theoretical models to reflect current labour complexities, promoting managerial strategies and flexible policies to mitigate emotional exhaustion and foster a healthy working environment.
Assessing Korean children’s comprehension of legal terms and roles across age groups
Authors: Ahn Jaekyung
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the comprehension of legal terminology among children aged 6–12, focusing on terms frequently encountered in court proceedings. By presenting 13 legal terms to 26 participants, the research aimed to assess their familiarity and understanding. Findings indicate a general awareness of terms such as “police,” “judge,” and “prison,” whereas “evidence” and “prosecution” were less understood, highlighting a gap in children’s legal vocabulary. Misconceptions regarding the roles of legal professionals, notably lawyers and statement assistants, were also observed, with comprehension varying across different age groups. These results underscore the necessity for criminal justice officials to adapt their questioning methods to accommodate the developmental stages of children, ensuring more effective communication during legal processes. Although the study’s scope was limited to children without direct legal system experiences, its insights contribute valuable knowledge to the body of research on children’s legal understanding, advocating for informed approaches in legal interactions with minors.
A miniaturized culture platform for control of the metabolic environment
Authors: Orlowska Marta K. , Krycer James R. , Reid Janice D. , Mills Richard J. , Doran Michael R. , Hudson James E.
Published: March 2024

The heart is a metabolic “omnivore” and adjusts its energy source depending on the circulating metabolites. Human cardiac organoids, a three-dimensional in vitro model of the heart wall, are a useful tool to study cardiac physiology and pathology. However, cardiac tissue naturally experiences shear stress and nutrient fluctuations via blood flow in vivo, whilst in vitro models are conventionally cultivated in a static medium. This necessitates the regular refreshing of culture media, which creates acute cellular disturbances and large metabolic fluxes. To culture human cardiac organoids in a more physiological manner, we have developed a perfused bioreactor for cultures in a 96-well plate format. The designed bioreactor is easy to fabricate using a common culture plate and a 3D printer. Its open system allows for the use of traditional molecular biology techniques, prevents flow blockage issues, and provides easy access for sampling and cell assays. We hypothesized that a perfused culture would create more stable environment improving cardiac function and maturation. We found that lactate is rapidly produced by human cardiac organoids, resulting in large fluctuations in this metabolite under static culture. Despite this, neither medium perfusion in bioreactor culture nor lactate supplementation improved cardiac function or maturation. In fact, RNA sequencing revealed little change across the transcriptome. This demonstrates that cardiac organoids are robust in response to fluctuating environmental conditions under normal physiological conditions. Together, we provide a framework for establishing an easily accessible perfusion system that can be adapted to a range of miniaturized cell culture systems.
A review of the impact of ground test-related facility effects on gridded ion thruster operation and performance
Authors: Foster John E. , Topham Tyler J.
Published: March 2024

A key consideration in the interpretation of ground test data of electric propulsion devices purposed for spaceflight is understanding how facility-effects influence thruster operation. This understanding is critical to the prediction of actual thruster performance in space. The necessity of science-based predictions gleaned from ground tests are particularly critical at higher thruster power levels. Operation of engines at higher power levels in vacuum chambers leads to considerable elevation in background pressure, background plasma density, and backsputter rates. This review examines the influence of ground test facility effects on gridded ion thruster operation. Ground test operation is compared with flight data, where available, to obtain a clear picture of operational differences. Mitigation strategies to alleviate facility effects are also commented upon.
Mode-locked laser with multiple timescales in a microresonator-based nested cavity
Authors: Aadhi A. , Alamgir Imtiaz , Di Lauro Luigi , Fischer Bennet , Perron Nicolas , Dmitriev Pavel , Mazoukh Celine , Roztocki Piotr , Rimoldi Cristina , Chemnitz Mario , Eshaghi Armaghan , Viktorov Evgeny A. , Kovalev Anton V. , Little Brent E. , Chu Sai T. , Moss David J. , Morandotti Roberto
Published: March 2024

Mode-locking techniques have played a pivotal role in developing and advancing laser technology. Stable fiber-cavity configurations can generate trains of pulses spanning from MHz to GHz speeds, which are fundamental to various applications in micromachining, spectroscopy, and communications. However, the generation and exploitation of multiple timescales in a single laser cavity configuration remain unexplored. Our work demonstrates a fiber-cavity laser configuration designed to generate and control pulse trains from nanosecond to picosecond timescales with a broadband output and a low mode-locking threshold. Our approach exploits a frequency mode-locking mechanism that simultaneously drives the modes of an integrated microring resonator nested within an external fiber-loop cavity, guaranteeing ultra-stable operation. By selectively filtering the nested cavity modes, we can transition from nanosecond pulses to pulse burst trains in which nanosecond and picosecond components coexist. Our laser configuration produces a train of pulses with durations of 5.1 ns and 3.1 ps at repetition rates of 4.4 MHz and 48.7 GHz, with time-bandwidth products close to the transform-limited values of 0.5 and 0.46, respectively. Moreover, in the absence of frequency modulation, we demonstrate the generation of comb spectra with an adjustable central wavelength. Our findings have the potential to significantly contribute to the development of cutting-edge technologies and applications, harnessing the distinct advantages of mode-locked pulses across various scientific and engineering disciplines.
A class of exactly solvable real and complex PT symmetric reflectionless potentials
Authors: Banerjee Suman , Yadav Rajesh Kumar , Khare Avinash , Mandal Bhabani Prasad
Published: March 2024

We consider the question of the number of exactly solvable complex but PT-invariant reflectionless potentials with N bound states. By carefully considering the Xm rationally extended reflectionless potentials, we argue that the total number of exactly solvable complex PT-invariant reflectionless potentials are 2[(2N − 1)m + N].
Simultaneous reproduction of experimental profiles, fluxes, transport coefficients, and turbulence characteristics via nonlinear gyrokinetic profile predictions in a DIII-D ITER similar shape plasma
Authors: Howard N. T. , Rodriguez-Fernandez P. , Holland C. , Odstrcil T. , Grierson B. , Sciortino F. , McKee G. , Yan Z. , Wang G. , Rhodes T. L. , White A. E. , Candy J. , Chrystal C.
Published: March 2024

Experimental conditions obtained on the DIII-D tokamak in the ITER Similar Shape (ISS) have been compared extensively with nonlinear gyrokinetic simulation using the CGYRO code [Candy et al., J. Comput. Phys. 324, 73–93 (2016)] with comparisons spanning ion and electron heat fluxes, electron and impurity particle transport, and turbulent fluctuation levels and characteristics. Bayesian optimization techniques [Rodriguez-Fernandez et al., Nucl. Fusion 62(7), 076036 (2022)], combined with nonlinear gyrokinetics, have been used to obtain simultaneously Qi, Qe, and Γe flux-matched profiles that are found to be in good agreement with experimental profile measurements. Synthetic diagnostics were used to compare measured beam emission spectroscopy and correlation electron cyclotron emission turbulent fluctuations with nonlinear simulation. Although some disagreements exist, nonlinear simulations are found to be in generally good agreement with measured fluctuation levels, spectral shapes, and measured radial trends in low-k δne/ne and δTe/Te. Low (Li and C) and mid-Z (Ca) impurity transport was also compared with these flux-matched simulations. Fully stripped, low-Z impurities are well reproduced by the gyrokinetic modeling while clear disagreement exists in comparisons with mid-Z impurities. Nonlinear gyrokinetic investigation into the Z dependence of impurity transport in the ISS conditions is also performed, demonstrating clear trends of impurity diffusion with impurity Z (both D∝Z and D∝1/Z) that vary with the radial location studied. These trends are shown to result from the local dominance of ion temperature gradient or ∇n driven trapped electron mode turbulence and may contribute to the disagreement between simulation and experiment in mid-Z impurity transport. The results of this work represent one of the most complete validation studies of the gyrokinetic model performed to date and provide an example of new capabilities for predicting performance in future fusion devices.
Molecular beam epitaxy of GaN/AlGaN quantum wells on bulk GaN substrate in the step-flow or step meandering regime: Influence on indirect exciton diffusion
Authors: Damilano B. , Aristégui R. , Teisseyre H. , Vézian S. , Guigoz V. , Courville A. , Florea I. , Vennéguès P. , Bockowski M. , Guillet T. , Vladimirova M.
Published: March 2024

GaN/AlxGa1−xN quantum wells were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on high quality bulk (0001) GaN substrates. The quantum well thickness was set in the 6–8 nm range to favor the photoluminescence emission of indirect excitons. Indeed, such excitons are known to be spatially indirect due to the presence of the internal electric field which spatially separates the electron and hole wave functions. The growth conditions were optimized in view of minimizing the photoluminescence peak broadening. In particular, the impact of growth temperature (up to 900 °C) on the surface morphology, structural, and photoluminescence properties was studied. The diffusion of indirect excitons on the scale of tens of micrometers was measured with a micro-photoluminescence setup equipped with a spatially resolved detection. A dedicated model and its analysis allow us to extract from these measurements the exciton diffusion constant and to conclude on the optimum growth conditions for the GaN/AlxGa1−xN quantum well structures suited for studies of quantum collective effects in indirect exciton liquids.
Multifunctional scaffolds for biomedical applications: Crafting versatile solutions with polycaprolactone enriched by graphene oxide
Authors: Friggeri G. , Moretti I. , Amato F. , Marrani A. G. , Sciandra F. , Colombarolli S. G. , Vitali A. , Viscuso S. , Augello A. , Cui L. , Perini G. , De Spirito M. , Papi M. , Palmieri V.
Published: March 2024

The pressing need for multifunctional materials in medical settings encompasses a wide array of scenarios, necessitating specific tissue functionalities. A critical challenge is the occurrence of biofouling, particularly by contamination in surgical environments, a common cause of scaffolds impairment. Beyond the imperative to avoid infections, it is also essential to integrate scaffolds with living cells to allow for tissue regeneration, mediated by cell attachment. Here, we focus on the development of a versatile material for medical applications, driven by the diverse time-definite events after scaffold implantation. We investigate the potential of incorporating graphene oxide (GO) into polycaprolactone (PCL) and create a composite for 3D printing a scaffold with time-controlled antibacterial and anti-adhesive growth properties. Indeed, the as-produced PCL-GO scaffold displays a local hydrophobic effect, which is translated into a limitation of biological entities-attachment, including a diminished adhesion of bacteriophages and a reduction of E. coli and S. aureus adhesion of ∼81% and ∼69%, respectively. Moreover, the ability to 3D print PCL-GO scaffolds with different heights enables control over cell distribution and attachment, a feature that can be also exploited for cellular confinement, i.e., for microfluidics or wound healing applications. With time, the surface wettability increases, and the scaffold can be populated by cells. Finally, the presence of GO allows for the use of infrared light for the sterilization of scaffolds and the disruption of any bacteria cell that might adhere to the more hydrophilic surface. Overall, our results showcase the potential of PCL-GO as a versatile material for medical applications.