bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
USUTU VIRUS: AN EMERGING FLAVIVIRUS IN EUROPE
Authors: Hrnjaković Cvjetković Ivana , Petrović Tamaš , Petrić Dušan , Milošević Uroš , Radovanov Jelena , Kovačević Gordana , Jovanović Galović Aleksandra , Patić Aleksandra , Nikolić Nataša , Cvjetković Dejan , Stefan Mikić Sandra , Milošević Vesna
Published: June 2020

Among various arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses), the flaviviruses stand out with regard to their number, geographic distribution and importance in both human and veterinary medicine. West Nile virus is flavivirus, present endemic in many European countries as well as in Serbia where it circulates in horses, birds, humans and mosquitoes. Usutu virus (USUV) is flavivirus morphologically, antigenically, genetically and ecologically very similar to WNV, which circulates in neighbouring countries (Hungary, Croatia, Austria). The USUV is maintained in transmissible cycle between birds and mosquitoes mainly from the genus Culex. Mammals (humans, horses, rodents) can also be infected. Humans and other mammals are “dead end” hosts. Virus is isolated from numerous bird species. The USUV infections are asymptomatic in wild African birds, while for European birds, the virus is very virulent causing necrotizing focal encephalitis, degenerative myocarditis and fatal encephalitis. It is assumed that the virus was introduced into Europe by the migratory birds that have been infected by living or passing through endemic areas in Africa. First human cases were recorded in Italy in 2009. The genome of USUV was detected in cerebrospinal fluid of woman suffering from B-cell lymphoma with meningoencephalitis and in plasma of a female, who was subjected to a liver transplantation and subsequently developed fever, headache, and fulminant hepatitis which progressed to coma. In Austria, USUV infections were confirmed in people with a skin rash of unknown aetiology using plaque reduction neutralization test. The circulation of USUV has been proven in humans in many European countries by serological studies (Germany, Italy, and Croatia). Serological study performed in 2015 revealed that USUV is present in inhabitants of South Bačka District of Vojvodina, Serbia. Serum samples were tested using commercial ELISA IgG test for USUV and IgG antibodies against USUV were detected in 5% (4/88) of patients. The molecular investigation included 216 pools of mosquitoes collected in the period from June to September, in the South Bačka District. The USUV genome was detected in two mosquito pools (2/216). In human samples tested by RT PCR, USUV genome was not found.
VANADIUM IN POULTRY NUTRITION
Authors: Živkov Baloš Milica , Ljubojević Dragana , Jakšić Sandra , Mihaljev Željko , Pelić Miloš , Petrović Tamaš , Šefer Dragan
Published: June 2020

Vanadium (V) is essential element for poultry nutrition. Relatively low level of V (< 10 μg/kg of feed) is known to reduce both growth in chicks and Haugh unit value of eggs. The National Research Council (NRC) recommends the presence of very low levels of V in poultry diets, with the maximum tolerance level (MTL) being 10 mg/kg. Excessive vanadium in poultry diets has been shown to be detrimental to egg production, interior quality of eggs (albumen height), body weight and feed consumption. There is little information on the content of V in feedstuffs. Phosphates are known to be the cause of excessive V in various types of poultry diets. The objective of this study was to obtain information about the content of vanadium in phosphates and poultry feed. The samples were prepared by microwave wet digestion. Content of V was determined by the method of coupled plasma with mass spectrometry on the Agilent ICP-MS 7700. The concentrations of vanadium determined in the examined samples were above the minimum recommended levels for poultry feed, still not exceeding the maximum tolerable values.
INVESTIGATION OF MYCOPLASMA SYNOVIAE SEROPREVALENCE IN BROILER BREEDER FARMS IN SOUTH BAČKA REGION
Authors: Samojlović Milena , Pajić Marko , Božić Biljana , Knežević Slobodan , Pelić Miloš , Todorović Dalibor , Lazić Sava
Published: June 2020

Mycoplasma synoviae is known to cause respiratory disorders, synovitis, subclinical infections, air sacculitis and eggshell apex abnormalitiesin domestic poultry worldwide. Th e aim of this study was to determine M.synoviae seroprevalence in 5 diff erent broiler breeder farms in South Bačka from 2014 to 2017. A total of 1511 samples were tested using commercial indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of antibodies in the blood sera. In this study, the seroprevalence of 25.21% was found and 47 (40.87%) fl ocks out of 115 tested were positive to M.synoviae. Seroprevalence varied between 31.02% in 2015 and 16.78% in 2016. Flock prevalence ranged from 31.03% in 2014 to 55.88% in 2015. Th ese results suggest that M. synoviae infection is present in broiler breeder farms in South Bačka, and that is necessary to conduct further research, systematic monitoring and to improve biosecurity measures on broiler breeder farms.
LABEL ANALYSIS OF SERBIAN HONEY: WHAT DOES (NOT) THE LABEL TELL US?
Authors: Vidaković Suzana , Babić Jelena , Knežević Slobodan , Pelić Miloš , Jakšić Sandra , Kartalović Brankica , Živkov Baloš Milica
Published: June 2020

In order to diff erentiate between many honey types on Serbian market, consumers read labels, which represent an important aspect of packaging “catching” the consumer’s eyes as well as carrying all the necessary informa-tion about the product, producer and seller. As consumers are more and more aware of health problems and nutrition they pay attention to the in-formation written on the labels on diff erent products. Th e aim of this study was to inspect labels on honey packages collected in an offi cial monitoring during October 2017. In total 60 honey samples were collected and exam-ined. Of all examined honey samples, 46 (76.67%) labels did not fulfi ll pre-scribed conditions according to Legislative on quality of honey and other bee products and Declaration, labeling and marketing of food (“Offi cial Gazette RS”, No. 101/2015; “Official Gazette RS” No. 85/13 and No. 101/13), while only 14 (23.33%) did. Th is results lead to indispensible need to in-form and educate beekeepers about the actual laws and regulations in order to make labels that contain all the information required, which might pos-sibly also raise the consumption of honey to higher level.
Electronic rat-control devices – solution or scam? Results of field trials and a summary of the literary data
Authors: Zhelev Georgi , Koev Koycho , Stoyanov Viktor , Petrov Vladimir
Published: June 2020

The electronic rat-control devices are humane means of controlling harmful rodents without toxic substances. They are relatively inexpensive and very easy to use and have gained increasing popularity in recent years. Although they have been introduced long ago in the practice of deratization, scientific information about their real effectiveness is scarce and at the same time very controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the repellent efficiency of an electronic device using the combined action of ultrasonic waves, light signals, and electromagnetic field change in practice. Two field trials were carried out on a cattle-breeding farm and a feed warehouse inhabited by brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) and roof rats (Rattus rattus). Repellent efficacy was determined by comparing the indicators evaluating the presence and activity of rodents during the pre-testing period before the inclusion of the device and after its activation during the test period. A lack of repellent effect was found in both field studies. The results obtained are supported by an analysis of the scientific literature confirming the inadequate effectiveness of electronic rat control devices in practical conditions. Emphasis is placed on the deficiencies and the need for regulatory adjustments governing the control and admission of electronic devices to control rats on the market.
Seroprevalence and spreading of Brucella ovis in South Bačka and Srem District
Authors: Savić Sara , Žekić Stošić Marina , Pušić Ivan , Polaček Vladimir , Grgić Živoslav , Marčić Doroteja , Dačić Miroljub , Bugarski Dejan
Published: June 2020

Ovine brucellosis can cause epididymitis and reduce fertility in rams and therefore is an important disease in sheep and rams from economic point of view. Sometimes it causes abortions and increased perinatal mortality in sheep as well, but it primarily affects male animals. Brucella ovis was first identified in northern region of Serbia, in 2008-2009 during a research study. Specific antibodies against Brucella ovis were detected in the sheep that originated from Becej and Titel municipalities in the South Bačka district. The prevalence was low, only 0.89%. For the purpose of this study, a total number of 6,407 serum samples from rams and sheep were used. All of the samples were from the northern part of Serbia, belonging to South Bačka and Srem districts. Serological test was performed in order to determine the presence of specific antibodies against Brucella ovis in rams and sheep, by ELISA test (indirect ELISA - iELISA). The prevalence varied from 0% - 19.3% during the years. If we look into the municipalities of South Bačka and Srem district, we can see that the numbers of positive samples are different, and the number of analyzed samples varies. The overall seroprevalence from 2014-2018 in South Bačka and Srem district is 6.15%, but it varies significantly among different municipalities from 0 to 26%. The majority of analyzed sample were from rams and all of the positive findings are in rams. Only a small number of sheep (female) has been examined so far, so the prevalence among females is still unknown.
STURGEON DISEASES IN AQUACULTURE
Authors: Radosavljević Vladimir , Milićević Vesna , Maksimović-Zorić Jelena , Veljović Ljubiša , Nešić Ksenija , Pavlović Marija , Ljubojević Pelić Dragana , Marković Zoran
Published: June 2020

Sturgeon aquaculture is economically important in many countries, for both meat and caviar production. Sturgeon is the common name for 27 species of fish belonging to the family Acipenseridae. Among them, only the sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) and the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) completes the lifecycle in fresh water. In Serbia, in the last few years, aquaculture enterprises have shown more interest in farming these fish species. Also, the importance of sturgeon aquaculture grows due to the rapid decrease of wild populations caused by overfishing, water pollution and destruction of habitat. The development of sturgeon aquaculture activities has been accompanied by the disease outbreaks, and possibility of the emergence and rapid dissemination of several infectious disease agents may represent serious problem in sturgeon aquaculture. Several viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic diseases have been reported worldwide. Due to the limited knowledge about epizootiology and disease control methods, infectious diseases may represent a major challenge in sturgeon aquaculture. Moreover, none of the diseases reported in sturgeon are regulated in the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) or European Union (EU) legislations. Due to the increasing interest in sturgeon aquaculture in Serbia present study is focused on the most important pathogens that may represent a threat to sturgeon aquaculture in Serbia.
METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS PSEUDINTERMEDIUS, A NEW THREAT IN HUMAN AND VETERINARY MEDICINE?
Authors: Velhner Maja , Bratić Ljubica , Savić Sara , Todorović Dalibor , Prunić Bojana , Milanov Dubravka
Published: June 2020

In this paper we briefl y described the worldwide distribution of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) in dogs and cats. Th e most common sequence type of MRSP strains in dogs is ST71 as it was detected in isolates on four continents (Europe, Asia, North and South America). However, several diff erent MRSP sequence types are detected in small animals, and the presence of new genetic variants is continually reported. Sometimes isolates belonging to the same sequence type (ST) are detected in dogs, cats, their owners, and veterinarians. MRSP is oft en multidrug-resistant and its resistance patterns are usually linked to certain sequence types. Th e resistance to non-beta-lactam antibiotics such as erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, gentamicin, enrofl oxacin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim is also recorded. Taking into account that MRSP tends to confer multidrug-resistant phenotype, it is quite challenging for veterinarians to give adequate therapy in clinically ill animals. It would seem as if the signifi cance of MRSP in the clinical epidemiology of humans is not fi rmly established. However, the importance of MRSP in human medicine should not be underestimated given the fact that all methicillinresistant Staphylococcus spp. carry resistance and virulence genes and have the potential to share their genetic elements with other bacteria.
SENSITIVITY OF SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS TO SELECTED ACTIVE CONSTITUENTS OF ESSENTIAL OILS IN IN VITRO CONDITIONS
Authors: Ratajac Radomir , Stojanović Dragica , Jezdimirović Milanka , Lako Branislav , Orlić Dušan , Stojanov Igor
Published: June 2020

In spite of modern improvements in slaughter hygiene and food production techniques, prevention and therapy of infective animal diseases, especially zoonosis, is necessary because food safety has been an increasingly important public health issue. Using chemotherapeutic drugs against pathogen microorganisms raises the possibility of developing resistance of bacteria (common for animals and humans) to certain drugs. Another important issue is presence of drug residua in food of animal origin. The use of essential oils (EOs) is a possible alternative to synthetic drugs, because of their antibacterial effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of essential oils – eugenol, cinnamaldehyde, thymol and carvacrol, individually as well as when combined, against filed strain Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica, serotype Enteritidis (SE/in vitro conditions). Determining antimicrobial potential of essential oils, as well as their combinations against the strain of SE (biological material originating from poultry), was carried out through determining minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) using agar dilution test. MIC (determined by agar dilution method) of eugenol, and combination of eugenol and cinnamaldehyde (2:1) was 0.625 μl/ml. Cinnamaldehyde and mixture of thymol and carvacrol (1:1) resulted in growth inhibition of SE at 0.312 μl/ml medium. Thymol and carvacrol had the best antibacterial activity and their MIC was 0.156 mg/ml, i.e. μl/ml. It can be concluded that the selected EOs partly or totally inhibited growth of SE and that they can be used in veterinary medicine, possibly as phytopharmaceuticals.
BIOFILM – ORGANISATION OF BACTERIA LIFE IN NATURAL ECO SYSTEMS
Authors: Milanov Dubravka , Ašanin Ružica , Vidić Branka , Krnjajić Dejan , Petrović Jelena
Published: June 2020

In all natural ecosystems, including both humans and animals, bacteria show a tendency to bind on the surface and form a structure known as biofilm. Biofilm formation is a genetically regulated process in the life of bacteria and has several phases demanding intercellular communication. In biofilms bacteria express different characteristics comparing to their free suspended counterparts, due to different gene transcription profile and increased resistance towards antibiotics and disinfectants. Discovery of microbial biofilms has changed our understanding of bacteria, that are not viewed only as unicellular organisms, but more as a multi-cellular community that in some characteristics imitates primitive eukaryotic tissue. In the last decades there is an increasing evidence on infections caused by bacteria that form biofilms, and have a chronic course with possibility of recidives. Conventional methods of killing microbes by antibiotics and biocides is usually ineffective in bacteria organized in biofilms.
QUALTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESIDUES IN MILK WITH DIFFERENT SCREENING METHODS AND BIO TEST
Authors: Petrović Jelena , Čobanović Ksenija , Kovačević Mira , Ratajac Radomir
Published: June 2020

Veterinary drug residues in milk represent a health risk for the consumer. To comply with national drug residue regulations and to minimize economic losses, milk testing for antibiotics at the truck site, before pumping the contents into the silo, is applied in dairy industry. Because of the time requirements for microbiological inhibition tests, several companies offer more rapid commercial tests. The aim of this study was to compare different screening methods and Bio test in examination of raw milk at truck site in dairy. The results showed that assays sensitive only to b-lactams (Delvo-X-press, Penzim S, Beta Star and CHARM-bL test) have good agreement. Bio test and Delvo SP test have less agreement with other tests. The results also show that introduction of rapid tests for the detection of more antibiotic groups is necessary, e.g. Twinsensor (Unisensor S.A., Belgium) which enables to detect b-lactam and tetracycline atibiotics as well.
IMPACT OF QUALITY SYSTEM ON STATUS AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE LIBRARY IN THE SCIENTIFIC VETERINARY INSTITUTE „NOVI SAD”
Authors: Prokić Vera , Kljajić Ranko
Published: June 2020

In order to be included into global world courses the Scientific Veterinary Institute in Novi Sad has decided to implement the quality management system based on process approach in accordance with the requirements of the international standards ISO 9001 as well as the laboratory accreditation based on the international standard ISO 17025. As one of the key parts of the Institute, Library played important role during the establishment and implementation as well as during the maintenance and improvement in the quality system. The Library adopts the new working tools by which it fits into modern trends of librarianship. With the help of the quality system management the Institute Library has become a leading specialized library within the scientific institutes in Serbia. The implementation of the Institute’s quality system management and its impact are illustrated by the examples from the Library.
ETIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF CAPRINE HERPESVIRUS 1 ISOLATED IN BULGARIA
Authors: Peshev Raiko , Sirakov Ivo , Nedelchev Nedelcho , Karadzhov Stoil
Published: June 2020

From goat and bucks with genital disorders and abortions the attempts for isolation of caprine herpesvirus 1 (CHV 1) were carried out. For virus exaltation Dexametazone was used. For viruses isolation vaginal, nasal, rectal, preputial swabs and organ samples were used. Primary and continuous cell cultures rabbit kidney (RK), Madin Darby bovine kidney (MDBK), and embrional bovine trachea (EBTR) were used for cultivation. For determination of DNA type and lipid envelop 60 μg/ml iod desoxiuridine (JDUR) and the ether treat ment was used. Neutralization by specific hyperimmune serum obtained from Switzerland was performed. Five CHV 1 strains were isolated by cell cultures and identified as goat herpesviruses from dif ferent Bulgarian regions. After electron microscopy the viral agents with typical size and morphology for herpesviruses were established. For demonstration gC gene of CHV 1 the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers designed from sequences deposited in gene bank were developed. Isolated on cell cultures herpesviruses were proved as caprine herpesvirus 1 by using applied PCR variant. The products after gC gene amplification from Bulgarian isolates were separated on the same place as the amplicons of ref er ence CHV 1 strains.
MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE TRANSFER IN BACTERIA
Authors: Velhner Maja , Petrović Jelena , Stojanov Igor , Ratajac Radomir , Stojanović Dragica
Published: June 2020

Wide application of antimicorbial agents forces bacteria to utilize specific genes and rearrange genomic structure in order to survive in the environment. In this article lateral gene transfer, mobile genetic elements, plasmid mediated resistance and spontaneous mutators in bacteria are briefly described. This resourceful means, by which microorganisms manage to communicate and transfer genetic material in their own kingdom, raises concerns about the possibility to keep microbial infections under control in the future.
PNEUMONIA VERMINOSA OF WILD BOARS
Authors: Prodanov Radulović Jasna , Došen Radoslav , Pušić Ivan , Orlić Dušan , Stojanov Igor , Radulović Gojko
Published: June 2020

In our country a certain number of wild boars is controlled and reared on enclosed hunting ground, while a number of free-ranging population is mainly unknown. The control of health status of wild boar population is quite demanding and it is not easy to achieve. Also, often is not possible entirely to perform a complete diagnostic examination in wild boars in each evaluated case. The aim of this research was to evaluate the clinical signs and pathomorphological changes in the suspicious cases on the occurrence of the verminous pneumonia in wild boars. The material for this research included three hunting grounds in Vojvodina, where clinical signs of health disorders and dead of young categories of wild hoags were recorded. The following research methods were applied: epidemiological, clinical and pathological examination of dead wild boars, hystological examination of the lung tissue samples and parasitologial examination. In all examined cases, macropathogical examination revealed changes dominantly in the respiratory tract. By pathohystological and parasitological examination the presence of lung worms in the trachea, bronchi and in posteroventral parts of the diaphragmatic lung lobes were detected (Pneumonia verminosa). In conslusion, the achieved results strongly suggest that Metastrongylus sp. represent economically important helmintosis of wild boars in our climatic conditions. Discovered parasitic infestations in the evaluated wild boars are economically significant because of retardation in the growth and weigh gain, and may be the cause of dead or discarding the meat in the case of cachexia, hydremia.
DIAGNOSIS AND CONTROL OF AUJESZKY’S DISEASE IN PIGS
Authors: Pušić Ivan , Prodanov Radulović Jasna , Došen Radoslav , Petrović Tamaš , Stojanov Igor , Maljković Marko
Published: June 2020

Aujeszky’s disease (Morbus Aujeszky, MA) is an infectious viral disease caused by swine alpha-herpes virus 1. The disease may be found in diff erent animal species, both domestic and wild, except in primates and humans. Pigs are a natural reservoir of the virus. Th ey are the only species that can survive the infection, but with a possibility of subclinical and latent infection. The main way of spreading the infection is through introduction of subclinically infected pigs into a herd. On the other hand, if the case of stress (transport, capture, dust) reactivation of latent infection and  excretion of the virulent virus occurs. Th e aim of this study was to present the methods used in diagnosis and diff erential diagnosis. Th e material for examination originated from two pig farms with increased mortality of suckling piglets. The epizootic and clinical examination were used as well as pathomorpohological examination, standard laboratory methods for determining the presence of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, virus isolation in cell culture, serum neutralization test for determining the titer of specifi c antibodies against MA and microbiological testing of feed samples. Th e cases of MA on the pig farm where immunoprophylaxis against MA was not carried out, and the breeding animals were purchased from pig farms with unknown health status, causes great direct losses, like for example mortality of piglets, abortion, as well as indirect losses, like growth retardation and high cost of disease control.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORIFICUM PAPILLAE AND STRATUM CORNEUM OF DUCTUS PAPILLARIS IN COWS UDDER
Authors: Davidov Ivana , Radinović Miodrag , Stojanović Dragica , Erdeljan Mihajlo
Published: June 2020

The appearance and preservation of the teat end - ostium seu orificum papillae, is an important factor in preventing the penetration of mastitis agents into the udders of cow. The diseases of cow udder are of complex nature and are among the most expensive diseases in dairy cows. We took the udder of holstein-friesian cows that were excluded from production for different etiologic reasons, in order to monitor changes in the orificum papillae and stratum corneum ducuts papillaris. After macroscopic examination of the udder, the teat end of papillae were examined to obtain information on the thickness of stratum corneum ducuts papillaris. A histological analysis was conducted and the results were obtained. The thickness of the stratum corneum ducuts papillaris in 104 samples varied from 90 to 370 microns, and of 104 examined orificum papillae, 73 had an undesirable shape. It was also observed that in the undesirable forms of orificum papillae a thin layer of stratum corneum ductus papillaris was formed. These results indicate that preservation of orificum papillae of cow udder has a large impact on the stratum corneum ducuts papillaris.
FINDINGS OF THE ANAPLASMA PHAGOCYTOPILUM GENOME IN TICKS FROM VOJVODINA AREA, SERBIA
Authors: Potkonjak Aleksandar , Savić Sara , Grgić Živoslav , Lako Branislav , Vračar Vuk , Rajković Dragana , Jurišić Aleksandar , Petrović Aleksandra
Published: June 2020

Ticks are vectors for many infectious diseases and represent a constant threat to human population and other animals, especially with respect to zoonoses. Th e cause of granulocyte anaplasmosis Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacterium that infects people as well as various domestic and wild animals. Th e agent is spread worldwide, persisting in the natural environment through an enzootic circle between ticks and their hosting vertebrae. Th e aim of this paper is to demonstrate the distribution of ticks’ infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum in the territory of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. Ticks were collected at ten locations in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Serbia, which are a rural habitat for ticks. By applying the nested PCR method, the ticks were examined for the presence of specifi c DNA p44/msp2 Anaplasma phagocytphilum. Of the ten examined pools of ticks collected in the area of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, the presence of genome of the agent Anaplasma phagocytophilum was confi rmed in six pools applying the PCR method. In five pools of ticks of the species Ixodes ricinus, presence of agent Anaplasma phagocytophilum was confi rmed. Th ese ticks were found at the following locations: Poplar Research Institute (2 locations), Fruška gora (2 locations) Poloj-forest Bačka Palanka (1 location). In one pool of ticks of the species Dermacentor reticulatus from the location Poloj-forest Bačka Palanka, we confi rmed the presence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum genome. This infection can be a problem for public health, so further and more comprehensive acharological and epidemiological research is necessary in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina.
ACQUAINTANCE OF TEMERIN CITIZENS WITH ECHINOCOCOSIS AS THE CURRENT ISSUE
Authors: Babić Jelena , Novakov Nikolina
Published: June 2020

Echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease spread worldwide. The causative agent of the disease is a tapeworm Echinococcus spp.. Primary hosts are animals from the family Canidae and rarely Felidae and intermediate hosts are humans as well as domestic and wild ungulates. In Serbia, incidence of echinococcosis is a particularly high, which is due to poor education of pig breeders, inadequate production practice and lack of appropriate zoohygienic conditions and animal waste management. Pigs are among the major intermediate hosts of Echinococcus in Temerin, and people are most frequently affected during the periods of pig slaughter (lungs and liver are affected by the metacestode stage of Echinococcus). The primary host becomes infected by consuming infested organs, whilst an intermediate host becomes infected by oral intake of eggs excreted by the primary host in the feces. During pork examination for trichinosis at the veterinary clinic “BMV”, the customers reported cystic changes in the liver and lungs. Moreover, massive echinococcosis was diagnosed on the farm in pigs at slaughter. Very often, when noticing such changes in the  organs, consumers tend to throw them away to dogs. Most likely, the citizens are poorly informed about the echinococcosis and its potential consequences. The aim of this research is to establish how much the citizens of Temerin municipality are informed about echinococcosis and to properly inform pig breeders that keeping dogs and pigs in cohabitation may enable direct transmission of parasites from defi nitive to intermediate hosts. Data were collected by using pre-formulated questionnaire. Te questionnaire was completed by 100 randomly selected people, and the results were statistically analyzed. Only 21% of respondents consider that they are acquainted with echinococcosis, and among them, every third person properly manages cystic organs suspect for echinococcosis. Forty-four respondents in Temerin municipality had an opportunity to see aff ected organs during pig slaughter, but only 14 of them acted correctly, while only 22.73% knew that a man could get infected from dogs. Of the entire sample population, 50 respondents had a dog, and only 13 of them regularly apply helminth eradication measures. The results obtained according to respondents’ answers indicated very sparse knowledge on this issue among Temerin citizens, strongly suggesting the need for an appropriate education strategy.
STUDY OF THE EQUINE VIRAL ARTERITIS SEROCONVERSION AT HORSE STABLES IN THE TERRITORY OF VOJVODINA
Authors: Lazić Sava , Lupulović Diana , Lazić Gospava , Živulj Aleksandar , Bugarski Dejan , Petrović Tamaš
Published: June 2020

The paper presents the results of the study on equine viral arteritis presence in five horse stables in the territory of Vojvodina. The research encompassed analysis of clinical manifestation of the disease and seroconversion to equine viral arteritis throughout a two-year period (2012 and 2013). Analysis of clinical manifestations of the disease was performed according to the anamnestic data obtained from staff veterinarians on the stud farms. Prevalence of equine viral arteritis was determined by testing 204 blood serum samples from 102 horses. Sera samples were collected twice at oneyear interval, i.e. in 2012 and 2013, and examined by virus neutralization test. Seropositive results as well as seroconversion were obtained on one of the five investigated horse stables. At the stable with seropositive animals, 27 horses were serologically tested at one-year interval. Out of the total of 27 animals, antibody positive sera were obtained in 16 and 17 horses in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Antibody titre values ranged from 1 to 10 log2, with average values of 3.11 and 3.15 log2 in 2012 and 2013, respectively.
SEROPREVALENCE OF SALMONELLA SPP. ON IMPORT BOARS FROM DENMARK TO SERBIA
Authors: Stojanac Nenad , Stevančević Ognjen , Savić Božidar , Stančić Ivan , Potkonjak Aleksandar , Beljkaš Bojan
Published: June 2020

The sera from 120 boars from 3 farrow-to-finish swine herds in Serbia were examined for Salmonella spp. antibodies in a cross-sectional study using an ELISA test. A total of 120 blood serum samples from boars imported from Denmark were examined. All boars were seronegative to Salmonella during the import, while after one year Salmonella spp. seroprevalence ranging from 0% to 45% was found in 3 herds using two tests in the time span of one year. Only on one farm during the import in 2011, after a year boars were still seronegative. A year later on the same farm, in boars imported in 2012 the seroprevalence was 30%. Seroprevalence of Salmonella spp. in boars tested on all farms was 24,17%.
NEONATAL DIARRHEA IN PIGS CAUSED BY Clostridium perfringens
Authors: Prodanov Radulović Jasna , Došen Radoslav , Stojanov Igor , Polaček Vlada , Milanov Dubravka , Pušić Ivan , Grubač Siniša
Published: June 2020

The outbreaks of enteritic infections in piglets caused by Clostridium perfringens belongs to the disease group with marked age incidence i.e. it normally occurs in suckling piglets aged to 7 days, usually on 2nd or 3rd day. At necropsy, the predominant pathomorphological lesions are most frequently observed in small intestine, especially in jejunum. However, in some cases the pathomorfological lesions may macroscopically be absent. For that reason, diagnostic criteria should consider: the disease history data (mortality pattern), clinical signs of the disease (bloody diarrhea in suckling piglts), patomorhological lesions and bacteriologic fi ndings. The material for research included samples from 5 swine farms, where health problems (diarrhea, increased mortality) in suckling piglets of different age were detected. In total 69 piglet carcases were submitted to necropsy. In typical cases the presence of bloody content in small intestine, snaky appereance of aff ected intestinal loops, the presence of emphysema in the intestinal wall were observed. Applying bacteriology testing (anaerobic cultivation) in the most examined cases Clostridium perfringens was detected in tissue samples.
THE ROLE OF EFFLUX PUMP AND OTHER MECHANISMS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE TO (FLUORO)QUINOLONES IN EPIDEMIC ISOLATES OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM, SALMONELLA KENTUCKY AND SALMONELLA INFANTIS
Authors: Arnaut Marina , Velhner Maja , Suvajdžić Ljiljana , Milanov Dubravka , Petrović Jelena , Kozoderović Gordana
Published: June 2020

This paper briefly describes mechanisms of resistance to fluoroquinolones in several worldwide distributed Salmonella clones. The isolates have acquired multiple resistance traits over the years due to extensive antibiotic treatment both in human and veterinary medicine. Except for the Salmonella Typhimuirum DT104 where effl ux pump appears to play a major role in resistance to (fluoro)quinolones, in other serovars mutations on topoisomerase genes seem to fi rstly occur and have been primary mechanisms of resistance. Plasmid borne resistance is rarely detected but because of horizontal gene transfer needs to be recorded. Understanding the genetic events at the molecular level is crucial in epidemiology work and provides insight in spreading of resistance clones of Salmonella.
WEST NILE VIRUS SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM IN SERBIA
Authors: Petrović Tamaš , Milenko Šekler , Petrić Dušan , Lazić Sava , Lupulović Diana , Lazić Gospava , Debeljak Zoran , Bugarski Dejan , Plavšić Budimir
Published: June 2020

Serological and virological examination of the presence of human and animal infection caused by West Nile Virus (WNV) as well as the presence of the virus in vectors, which has been conducted during the past few years, confi rmed an active virus circulation in the territory of the Republic of Serbia. Based on the obtained results and anticipated intense circulation of WNV, which poses substantial risks for both public and animal health in Serbia, and having in mind its crucial role in the protection of public health, Veterinary Directorate of the Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection infront the Veterinary Service launched and funded the national WNV monitoring program starting from April 2014. The Program encompassed the entire territory of the Republic of Serbia and was conducted by scientific and specialized veterinary institutes and fi eld veterinary service in close collaboration with qualifi ed entomologists and ornithologists. The principal objective of the monitoring – surveillance program is early detection of WNV in monitored regions, timely reporting of the virus presence and activation of human health service institutions and local authorities aimed at establishing the control measures - eradication of mosquitoes, informing the local community and taking all relevant preventive measures for human health protection. Th e surveillance program of the WNV occurrence and spread is based on direct and indirect surveillance of WNV in natural environment. Indirect surveillance encompasses serological testing of seronegative sentinel horses and poultry for the presence of WNV infection, and it is performing continuously and periodically during the most intensive mosquito activity (May – September). The number of sentinel animals that should be tested was defi ned at the district level, according to the rate of anticipated risk of WNV infection. Direct surveillance was performed through periodical and continuous testing of pooled mosquitoes samples collected at two-week intervals during peak mosquito season (May – September) and samples of wild birds (tissues of dead birds and throat swabs of captured live susceptible bird species). The number of samples was stipulated according to the anticipated risk rate in particular regions.
SEARCHING FOR SOLUTIONS IN AQUACULTURE: AQUAPONICS
Authors: Radosavljević Vladimir , Ćirković Miroslav , Ljubojević Dragana , Jakić Dimić Dobrila , Marković Zoran , Žutić Jadranka , Milićević Vesna
Published: June 2020

Aquaponic production combines intensive production with waste recycling and water conservation. Aquaponic join recirculating aquaculture with hydroponics to use nutrient waste from aquaculture as an input to plant growth. Traditional aquaculture systems treat or dispose nutrient-rich wastewater. In aquaponics, the waste products from the fish are converted by a bio-fi lter into soluble nutrients which are absorbed by the plants, and allow “clean” water to be returned back to the fish. Thus, it produces valuable fish protein with a minimal pollution of fresh water resources, while at the same time producing horticultural crops. Fish in aquaponic production systems can be raised in ponds, tanks, or other containers. Plants are grown separately in hydroponic tanks, submerged in water but suspended in gravel, sand, perlite, or porous plastic films, as well as on floating rafts. Systems vary greatly in design and construction, but most perform the following key functions: finfish and plant production, removal of suspended solids, and bacterial nitrification. This review discusses applications, effects and perspective of aquaponics.
INVESTIGATIONS ON THE RESISTANCE OF COMMENSAL SWINE ESCHERICHIA COLI TO SOME AMINOGLYCOSIDES-AMINOCYCLITOLS
Authors: Urumova Valentina , Lyutskanov Mihni , Petrov Vladi
Published: June 2020

Th e aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of antibiotic resistance to some aminoglycosides, streptomycin, spectinomycin and gentamicinand three aminoglycoside- resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from feces and lagoon manure in six swine farms in Republic of Bulgaria. Atotal of 274 E. coli isolates from 270 fecal samples and twelve samples from lagoon manure were tested by disk diff usion method to determine resistance patterns to 11 antimicrobial agents. Aminoglycosides resistance also was determined by E-test, agar dilution method, PCR and qPCR. Th e highest resistance observed to streptomycin (70.0%) and spectinomycin (65.5%). Multi-resistance patterns in studied E. coli strains showed that the resistance to streptomycin/spectinomycin was most frequently seen together with resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, and sulfonamides (39.6%). The E. coli isolates resistant to streptomycin, spectinomycin were examined for the presence of strA/strB, aadA1 genes, and resistant isolates to gentamicin were evaluated for the presence of the aacC1 gene. Th e most common gene determining resistance to aminoglycosides was aadA1 which was found in 54.0% of swine isolates and lagoon manure isolates followed by straA/strB genes (32.3%). Th e aacC1gene was not identifi ed in E. coli isolates resistant to gentamicin.
INFESTATION OF LARNAEA CYPRINACEA (CRUSTACEA: CEPOPODA) IN DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF COMMON CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO) REARED IN SERBIA
Authors: Novakov Nikolina , Ćirković Miroslav , Kartalović Brankica , Pelić Miloš , Matić Dimitrije , Ljubojević Dragana , Božić Biljana
Published: June 2020

Lernaea cyprinacea in common carp and other warm water fi shes is one of the major problems of aquaculture industry in Serbia. Infestations with Lernaea are most prevalent in the summer months and occur more commonly in stagnant or slow-moving water bodies. Th e optimal temperature range for Lernaea development is 26–28°C. In the present study infection rate of L. cyprinacea in two diff erent categories of fi sh pond cultured common carp was done. Pathological eff ects and control of the disease of infected fi sh were also followed. Fish sampling was done during the summer months of 2014, in 3 common carp fi sh ponds. One hundred twenty fi sh samples were collected from all carp ponds (n=120). Aft er fi sh sampling collected Lernaea were transferred to the laboratory for parasite study. Prevalence of the infection was calculated for two age populations of carps. According to the obtained results, the parasite prevalence were signifi cantly higher in carp fi ngerlings than in older carps (P<0.05). Th e highest numbers of parasites were found on fi ns and skin. Carps fry infestation of Lernaea caused intense infl ammation and ulcers what leading to secondary bacterial and fungal infections. These secondary infections sometimes worsen and kill the fi sh. In carps for consumption L. cyprinacea infestation reduces the meat quality and lessening marketability of fi sh, because infected carps cause disgust of consumers and cannot be recommended for human consumption. Technological measures such as improvement of ambient conditions, adequate feed, optimum stockdensity, reduction of stress, good water quality and lime addition twice a week in quantity of 50 kg/ha are the most effi cacy in combatting this disease.
ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF RAINBOW TROUT (Oncorhynchus mykiss) FARMING FED WITH DIFFERENT COMPOSITION FEED
Authors: Mirilović Milorad , Teodorović Vlado , Marković Radmila , Aleksić-Agelidis Aleksandra , Vejnović Branislav , Đurić Spomenka , Jovanović Dragoljub
Published: June 2020

This paper evaluates the eff ects of two diff erent feeds on production results and economic performance in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farming. The first group (O-1) was fed with a standard complete pelleted feed, and the second group (O-2) was fed with combined feed consisting of 75 % pellets and 25 % of sardines. Better results were obtained with the O-2 group, while the O-1 group achieved results characteristic for local farming conditions and feed quality. Experimental group O-2 had signifi cantly higher (p<0,01) growth rate when compared to group O-1. Considering current feed and fi nal product (fi sh) prices in the market, better results in terms of cost-eff ectiveness were obtained (E>0,00) in O-2 group of trout fed with the combined meal.
PROSPECTIVES AND NECESSITY OF ERADICATION OF INFECTIOUS BOVINE RHINOTRACHEITIS / INFECTIOUS PUSTULAR VULVOVAGINITIS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
Authors: Lazić Sava , Petrović Tamaš , Bugarski Dejan , Jovičin Milovan , Plavšić Budimir , Lupulović Diana , Lazić Gospava , Polaček Vladimir
Published: June 2020

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IBR/IPV) is a disease aff ecting cattle population of all breeds, categories and age. Th e disease can take diff erent clinical courses, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) and infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IPV) being the most common ones. Both diseases, an especially infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), pose severe health threat and cause major economic losses and are considered one of the most costly diseases in cattle industry. The causal agent is a virus categorized into the family Hepesviridae and designated as bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) or IBR/IPV virus. Any positive result to IBR/IPV specifi c antibodies in non-vaccinated cattle, in either blood or milk, indicates the infection, and the animal is considered a source of infection. In this article, we described the needs and prospects for the eradication of IBR/IPV in the Republic of Serbia. The eradication of IBR/IPV is a complex process implying strictly defi ned program of measures. The implementation of such measures requires systematic strategy involving diff erent phases and activities that can continue over several years. The program requires substantial eff orts as well as fi nancial resources, which should be justifi ed and paid off through a successful eradication of IBR/IPV.
EVALUATION OF THE MANAGEMENT OF BROWN HARE POPULATION IN VOJVODINA REGION FOR THE PERIOD 1967-2011
Authors: Ristić Zoran A. , Ponjiger Igor , Mijailović Vladimir , Tešić Vasilije , Kovačević Milutin , Matejević Milosava , Padejski Petar , Marković Vladimir , Lulić Dajana
Published: June 2020

Every year during the past 45 years (1967–2011), hunting organizations have been sending eye lenses (lens cristallina) to the Laboratory for hunting of the hunting association of Vojvodina for testing and analysis of the percentage of young hares in a micro population to establish the real growth rate. Th ese two parameters combined with the number of hares in spring and cull rate from last year were suffi cient to provide hunting organizations with precise information about hunting dynamics and rate of hunting in current hunting season. At the beginning, (in 1967), only 20%of hunting organizations submitted the samples, but ten years aft er the first sample had been collected, the percentage has gradually increased to 30% in 1977 Since then, the percentage of hunting organizations that were sending samples increased to 45% in 1987, 60% in 1997, and 70 % in 2007 with a maximum of 77% percentage in 2008. Th roughout the research period of 45 years, the total number of examined and processed eye lenses was 363,380. Out of 8,727 samples approximately 8,075 eye lenses were processed yearly. A small number of hunting organizations which didn’t send any samples haven’t been hunting brown hare in their hunting grounds during these years. During this research, several conclusions were made: the percentage of young hares in populations varies from 38% in 2010 to 70.3% in 1994. Th e average percentage for period of 45 years was 58.4% of young hares in a population. According to the research, the coeffi cient of real growth was 1.58 young hare per female hare. The minimum was 1.13 in 2010, and the maximum was 2.33 in 1994. Th ese analyses provided the actual information about stability and health of hare populations and enable a sustainable longterm planning of these game species.
Engineering characterization of Oro Descanso underground gold mine deposit in Placetas, Cuba
Authors: Oluwaseyi Adeoluwa O , Ajibola Olawale O
Published: June 2020

This work reports the study on the design subject associated with the incorporation of mineral processing within the underground mining systems with its focus on the rock mass characterization of the underground gold mine, ‘Oro Descanso’ in Placeta town of the Province Villa Clara, Cuba The assessment of the rock mass is based on the geological features and geomechanical characteristic. The study applies observational and empirical methods using established empirical formulae to characterize the rock mass of the underground gold mine. The results of the discontinuities orientation and dip data; a Schmidt stereographic diagram and the Rosette diagram obtained with the aid of the Rocscience sDipV5-2004. The physical/mechanical properties of the intact rock and the distribution of the rock mass discontinuities are considered in order to suggest measures that will lead to a secure excavation of the mine workings and the drift. For this purpose, is employed. It is observed that the rock mass comprises of zones of good, fair and poor quality rocks. For this reason, the gallery and the drift shall be of 2.5 to 5 m span for a stand-up time of 10 hours to one week respectively. Systematic bolts of 1 m long, fully grouted and without tension with shotcrete of 2.5 to 5 cm thickness, reinforced with mesh is proposed for zone with poor quality rock, systematic bolts of 1 to 1.5 m long, fully grouted and without tension, reinforced with shotcrete of 2.3 cm thickness is proposed for zone of fair quality rock.