bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The problems of arising vertical irregularities in operating railway track
Authors: Bednarek Włodzimierz Andrzej
Published: April 2019

Arising during railway track structure operating the geometrical irregularities of track in vertical plane are the additional sources of interaction between the trains and track. These irregularities have got an unintentional character (arising in random way during track operating, e.g. irregularities in track, change of track geometrical parameters or inhomogeneity of track support) and intentional character (arising e.g. during railway track lifting by VSS plate). The unintentional irregularity causes among other things an additional increase of deflections and stresses in track structure elements, which lead to failures and wear of track elements. Such arising the longitudinal irregularity in track is the reason for various forms of contact between sleeper and ballast. Track stiffness in unloaded state (without forces from trains) causes that the sleepers in various ways rest on the ballast. The analysis of load transfer from wheel by rail to the railway sleeper allows for visualizing the effects of such irregularity for railway track. Furthermore a shape of arising irregularity causes the decrease of train wheel traction efficiency understanding as the degree of its tractive adhesion utilization resulting from static loads. In paper an experimental analysis of arising irregularity in CWR track during its operating is enclosed.
Recent trends in on-line passenger information systems
Authors: Jurkowski Wojciech , Smolarski Mateusz
Published: April 2019

Passenger Information systems are one of the most significant aspects of carrier’s offer and affects on his attractiveness. Lately it is noticeable strong development of: on-line tickets platforms, information applications etc. There are also a lot of options of buying on-line tickets, dynamic sales system. Together with growth of society’s mobility and development of mobile devices this kind of amenities are particularly important. The aim’s of paper is make a review of actual trends in that themes. Additionally, authors will point out this elements which are affecting on sales system’s functionality.
A Dynamical Constraint on Interstellar Dust Models from Radiative Torque Disruption
Authors: Hoang Thiem
Published: April 2019

Interstellar dust is an essential component of the interstellar medium (ISM) and plays critical roles in astrophysics. Achieving an accurate model of interstellar dust is therefore of great importance. Interstellar dust models are usually built based on observational constraints such as starlight extinction and polarization, but dynamical constraints such as grain rotation are not considered. In this paper, we show that a newly discovered effect by Hoang et al., so-called RAdiative Torque Disruption (RATD), can act as an important dynamical constraint for dust models. Using this dynamical constraint, we derive the maximum size of grains that survive in the ISM for different dust models, including contact binary, composite, silicate core and amorphous carbon mantle, and compact grain model for the different radiation fields. We find that the different dust models have different maximum sizes due to their different tensile strengths, and the largest maximum size corresponds to the compact grains with the highest tensile strength. We show that the composite grain model cannot be ruled out if constituent particles are very small with radius a

p
 ≤ 25 nm, but large composite grains would be destroyed if the particles are large with a

p
 ≥ 50 nm. We suggest that grain internal structures can be constrained with observations using the dynamical RATD constraint for strong radiation fields such as supernova, nova, or star-forming regions. Finally, our obtained results suggest that micron-sized grains perhaps have compact/core–mantle structures or have composite structures but are located in regions with slightly higher gas density and weaker radiation intensity than the average ISM.
Revisiting the Size–Luminosity Relation in the Era of Ultra Diffuse Galaxies
Authors: Danieli Shany , van Dokkum Pieter
Published: April 2019

Galaxies are generally found to follow a relation between their size and luminosity, such that luminous galaxies typically have large sizes. The recent identification of a significant population of galaxies with large sizes but low luminosities (“ultra diffuse galaxies,” or UDGs) raises the question of whether the inverse is also true—that is, whether large galaxies typically have high luminosities. Here we address this question by studying a size-limited sample of galaxies in the Coma cluster. We select red cluster galaxies with sizes of r
eff > 2 kpc down to M

g
 ∼ −13 mag in an area of 9 deg2, using carefully filtered Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope images. The sample is complete to a central surface brightness of μ

g,0 ≈ 25.0 mag arcsec−2 and includes 90% of Dragonfly-discovered UDGs brighter than this limit. Unexpectedly, we find that red, large galaxies have a fairly uniform distribution in the size–luminosity plane: there is no peak at the absolute magnitude implied by the canonical size–luminosity relation. The number of galaxies within ±0.5 mag of the canonical peak (M

g
= −19.69 for 2 < r
eff < 3 kpc) is a factor of ∼9 smaller than the number of fainter galaxies with −19 < M

g
 < −13. Large, faint galaxies, such as UDGs, are far more common than large galaxies that are on the size–luminosity relation. An implication is that, for large galaxies, size is not an indicator of the halo mass. Finally, we show that the structure of faint large galaxies is different from that of bright large galaxies: at a fixed large size, the Sérsic index decreases with the magnitude following the relation

.
Monotypic no more – a new species of the unusual genus Schwarzia (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Biastini)
Authors: Bossert Silas
Published: April 2019

SchwarziaelizabethaeBossert,sp. n., a previously unknown species of the enigmatic cleptoparasitic genusSchwarziaEardley, 2009 is described. Both sexes are illustrated and compared to the type species of the genus,SchwarziaemmaeEardley, 2009. The male habitus ofS.emmaeis illustrated and potential hosts ofSchwarziaare discussed. Unusual morphological features ofSchwarziaare examined in light of the presumably close phylogenetic relationship to other Biastini. The new species represents the second species of Biastini outside the Holarctic region.
Advance Market Commitment: Some Issues and a Remedy
Authors: Leoni Patrick
Published: April 2019

Nous soutenons que l’Advance Market Commitment, le mécanisme incitatif le plus commun pour encourager la R & D dans les traitements innovatifs pour les maladies négligées, est inefficace en pratique. Nous montrons d’abord que ces AMC souffrent d’un problème d’inconsistance temporelle, et que toute entreprise pharmaceutique rationnelle se comporte comme si aucun mécanisme incitatif n’est disponible au moment de prendre la décision de commencer cette R&D. Nous proposons ensuite un mécanisme qui résout ce problème d’inconsistance temporelle, en incorporant des engagements financiers crédibles. Nous donnons enfin l’intuition pour laquelle ce nouveau mécanisme induit des chances minimales de succès pour les innovations médicales. Le problème d’identification du mécanisme optimal favorisant l’apparition d’innovations médicales pour les maladies négligées reste ouvert. JEL codes: I1, I3, G15
Changement constitutionnel et durée au pouvoir en Afrique : une approche économique
Authors: Keneck-Massil Joseph
Published: April 2019

Cet article analyse empiriquement le changement constitutionnel en Afrique, en se focalisant sur la modification de l’article portant sur la limitation du nombre de mandats du Président de la République. L’analyse distingue la tentative de changement de l’article d’une part et sa réussite d’autre part. Elle est réalisée sur un échantillon de 32 pays et couvre la période 1990-2010. Nos résultats obtenus à partir d’estimations de modèles biprobit, logit et relogit montrent que : (i) la personnalité du Président, la qualité du régime politique, les facteurs socioculturels et économiques sont les principaux déterminants qui motivent la décision de modification de l’article et garantissent son succès ; (ii) l’origine légale du droit constitue un frein au changement constitutionnel ; (iii) l’opposition politique fait obstacle au changement lorsqu’elle est peu polarisée, mais sert les intérêts du groupe politique dominant lorsqu’elle est faible et fortement fragmentée. Classification JEL : H11, K10, P48
Ce que la boxe montre de l’homme
Authors: Fouquet Axel
Published: April 2019

Doit-on voir dans la boxe une fascination pour la violence, qu’un cadre réglementé rend acceptable (voire rentable) ? Son sens s’épuise-t-il dans le simple échange des coups ? Nous essaierons plutôt de voir en quoi elle révèle des possibilités humaines élevées. Physiques d’abord : elle exige ce qu’on appellera un « corps total », c’est-à-dire un corps unifiant des capacités habituellement peu conciliables. Nous réfléchirons ensuite sur le sens de la violence. Cette dernière subit une transformation réelle, et non un simple maquillage. Par les règles de la boxe, elle est amenée à la hauteur d’une expérience esthétique. Enfin, l’affrontement, plutôt que de rabaisser les combattants au niveau de l’animalité, peut au contraire être compris à partir des catégories spirituelles de l’homme face à l’épreuve de l’existence. Ainsi, nous essaierons d’éclairer mutuellement l’épreuve du combat de boxe et l’épreuve existentielle.
La Jeunesse ouvrière chrétienne : une réalité du XX e siècle ?
Authors: Desouches Olivier , Plouchart-Even Louisa
Published: April 2019

L’article montre que l’idéal jociste porté par la jeunesse chrétienne dans la première moitié du xx e siècle a tendu à s’essouffler dans la seconde, dans un contexte de grands bouleversements et de modernité. Les deux auteurs, sociologue et géographe, ont parcouru les archives de la JOC d’Ille-et-Vilaine, afin de montrer le processus historique de création et la dynamique de retrait rapide d’un mouvement qui avait pourtant grandement contribué à l’insertion et à la socialisation de nombreux jeunes. En effet, les sociabilités se fondant de moins en moins sur une conscience de classe ouvrière qui a perdu son sens, il semble qu’aujourd’hui la JOC soit davantage porteuse d’œuvres sociales et de secours immédiats en direction de jeunes précarisés et de publics défavorisés d’une manière générale ; faisant ainsi glisser le mouvement de jeunesse ouvrière chrétienne à jeunesse salariée et/ou sans emploi.
Working Tools Study for JiaoLong Manned Submersible
Authors: Shi Xianpeng , Ren Yugang , Tang Jialing , Fu Wentao , Liu Baohua
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe remarkable progress in deep submergence science with manned submersibles in the past 50 years has made it possible for us to directly explore the inaccessible underwater extreme environment. Basic research carried out at depths over 1,000 m in the deep ocean has
provided dramatic and unique insights into some of the most compelling scientific questions ever posed. Deep research manned submersibles have been widely recognized as indispensable platforms for conducting deep-sea research. Whereas all deep-sea submersibles share the unique feature of direct
observation function by scientists and pilots from the cabin, all manned submersibles are equipped with different tools to implement a wide range of jobs in different exploration purposes. These can directly affect productivity and each dive's outcomes, such that it would be meaningful to
study the samplers, sensors, and other devices that have been installed on the different deep-sea research manned submersibles around the world. This article will also introduce the research and development status of the JiaoLong manned submersible's operational tools, which have been
researched and tested during the sea trials and test operational phase over the past 9 years. Based on developed technologies, state-of-the-art tools are essential to achieve a high-efficiency use for each dive. The article brings forward discussion and suggestions for the development of JiaoLong's
operational tools, followed by a conclusion from the perspective of JiaoLong's operation team.
Knockdown of Protein Kinase CK2 Blocked Gene Expression Mediated by Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor-Induced Serum Response Element
Authors: Yang Shu-Ping , Lo Chi-Yi , Tseng Hui-Min , Chao Chih-Chang
Published: April 2019

One of the principal signaling pathway outcomes from brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the activation of antiapoptotic pathways. In addition to the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, BDNF activates protein kinase CK2 to mediate its neuroprotective effect. The inhibition of CK2 activity has been shown to induce apoptosis. Although serum response element (SRE)-mediated transcription has been reported to be activated by BDNF and that the phosphorylation of serum response factor (SRF) by CK2 has been shown to enhance its DNA binding activity, the biological relevance of these interactions remains largely unclear. In the present study, we found that SRE-mediated transcription, CK2 activity, and SRF phosphorylation increased in PC12 cells under BDNF treatment. The transfection of CK2α siRNA blocked the enhancing effect of BDNF on SRE-mediated transcription, SRF phosphorylation, and Mcl-1 gene expression. Moreover, the blockade of CK2 diminished the antiapoptotic effects of BDNF on SRE-mediated transcription, Mcl-1 gene expression, and cell viability under rotenone-induced cytotoxicity. Our data may assist in the development of therapeutic strategies for inhibiting apoptosis during neurodegeneration.
Neuropeptide FF Modulates Neuroendocrine and Energy Homeostasis through Hypothalamic Signaling
Authors: Lin Ya-Tin , Chen Jin-Chung
Published: April 2019

Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) is known as a morphine-modulating peptide and was first isolated in 1985. It has been characterized as an RF-amide peptide. The traditional role of NPFF is mediation of the pain response, and it displays both anti-opioid and pro-opioid actions through central nervous system. In the recent decade, additional evidence has revealed some untraditional features of NPFF, such as regulation of the neuroendocrine system, energy homeostasis, anti-inflammation, pain transmission, and peripheral modulation of adipose tissue macrophages. Neuropeptide FF receptor 2 (NPFFR2) is a physiological receptor of NPFF, and the actions of NPFF may occur through downstream NPFFR2 signaling. NPFF and NPFFR2 increase the neuronal activity in various areas of the hypothalamus to modulate the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, the autonomic nervous system, food intake, and energy balance. These underlying cellular mechanisms have been explored in the past few years. Here, we review the impact of NPFF and related RF-amide peptides on hypothalamic function. The interaction of NPFF with NPFFR2 in the hypothalamus is emphasized, and NPFF-NPFFR2 system may represent an important therapeutic target in hypothalamic-related disorders in the future.
Prepulse Inhibition and Acoustic Startle Response in Young Healthy Chinese
Authors: He Renying , Wu Guang-Yan , Wu Bing , Yao Juan , Yang Yi , Sui Jian-Feng , Li Xuan
Published: April 2019

Prepulse inhibition (PPI) and habituation of the acoustic startle response (ASR) are considered to be effective neurobiological measures of sensorimotor gating and information processing. The deficit of PPI and habituation of ASR has been proposed to be candidate endophenotypes of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. However, there has been little information on PPI and ASR measures in Chinese. The present study aimed to provide more information about the characteristics of PPI and ASR in young healthy Chinese and investigate their sensitivity to experimental parameters and characteristics of population. In this study, we examined the PPI and habituation of ASR in 41 young healthy adults (21 males and 20 females), using an acoustic startle stimulus of 115 dB and a prepulse of 75 dB at a lead interval (LI) of 60 ms and 120 ms, respectively. The behavioral performance demonstrated that the PPI and habituation of ASR in all the young participants were robust. The significant difference was not observed in PPI and habituation between male and female. The block effect on PPI was significant; PPI reduces with increasing training. Latency facilitation was observed under prepulse conditions, with a significant effect of LI. Compared to previous studies in Caucasians, Chinese in this study shows a higher habituation and PPI. In conclusion, this research provides more data of behavioral characteristics of PPI and ASR in young healthy Chinese. Chinese in this study shows a higher habituation and PPI than Caucasians in previous studies.
Repetitive Finger Movement and Dexterity Tasks in People With Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Uzochukwu Jennifer C. , Stegemöller Elizabeth L.
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND. Little is known regarding how repetitive finger movement performance, an assessment of bradykinesia (slowness of movement), is related to fine-motor dexterity tasks in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD).

OBJECTIVE. This pilot study examined the relationship between the performance of fine-motor dexterity tasks and repetitive finger movement in people with PD.

METHOD. Forty-six participants with PD completed an acoustically cued repetitive finger movement task (1–3 Hz). Movement amplitude, movement rate difference, and coefficient of variation were obtained for each tone rate. Participants also completed a buttoning and Purdue pegboard assembly task. Buttoning time and number of assemblies were recorded.

RESULTS. A significant association was found between movement rate difference and movement rate difference coefficient of variation and buttoning performance in which higher movement rate and higher variability were associated with slower buttoning times. No significant associations between any of the repetitive finger movement outcome measures and Purdue pegboard assembly performance were revealed.

CONCLUSION. Changes in movement amplitude and movement rate may influence fine-motor dexterity tasks differently. Thus, it is important to consider the quantitative assessment of both movement rate and movement amplitude because they may indicate differential clinical applications in the treatment of people with PD.
A Radar Reflectivity Operator with Ice-Phase Hydrometeors for Variational Data Assimilation (RadZIceVarv1.0) and Its Evaluation with Real Radar Data
Authors: Wang Shizhang , Liu Zhiquan
Published: April 2019

Abstract. A reflectivity forward operator and its associated tangent linear and adjoint operators (together named RadZIceVar) were developed for variational data assimilation (DA). RadZIceVar can analyze both rainwater and ice-phase species (snow and graupel) by directly assimilating radar reflectivity observations. The results of three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) DA experiments with a 3 km grid mesh setting of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model showed that RadZIceVar was effective at producing an analysis of reflectivity pattern and intensity similar to the observed data. Two to three outer loops with 50–100 iterations in each loop were needed to obtain a converged 3D analysis of rainwater, snow, and graupel, including the melting layers with mixed-phase hydrometeors. The deficiencies in the analysis using this operator could be caused by the poor quality of the background fields and the use of the static background error covariance, and these issues can be partially resolved by using radar-retrieved hydrometeors in a preprocessing step and tuning the spatial correlation length scales of the background errors. The direct radar reflectivity assimilation using RadZIceVar also improved the short-term (2 h–5 h) precipitation forecasts compared to those of the experiment without DA.
Las puertas y el tiempo
Authors: López María Eugenia
Published: April 2019

Esta investigación es acerca de cómo la toma fotográfica, sea artística, documental o de

ficción, puede gatillar la toma de conciencia de lo que sucede en torno a los sujetos. La

fotografía es, entonces, una especie de discurso en imágenes que, por su propia fuerza o con

la ayuda del discurso de la palabra, conduce a reconocernos y reconocer lo que nos rodea.
La influencia de la época medieval sobre el judaísmo actual
Authors: Tolentino Adrián
Published: April 2019

La importancia del estadio medieval de la religión judía se ha pasado por alto al estudiar su evolución. Generalmente, el análisis de la configuración estructural de la religión se enfoca en los estadios ubicados en la Antigüedad, por ser precisamente un periodo vastamente prolífico al respecto. En esta investigación se pone de manifiesto la latencia que tiene el medioevo respecto de la estructura y función del judaísmo. Se ha recopilado una serie de elementos, dentro de múltiples ámbitos como lo son la escritura, las prácticas religiosas y la lengua, entre otros. Al repasar esta recolección de elementos se caerá en cuenta de la vigencia, totalmente inmutada, del judaísmo medieval sobre el actual.
El mito del soldado en el cine
Authors: Guzmán Velasco Nataly
Published: April 2019

No abstract available.
Internet Addiction: Relationship with Perceived Freedom in Leisure, Perception of Boredom and Sensation Seeking
Authors: Kara Feyza Meryem
Published: April 2019

This study aimed to examine the university student’s internet addiction, perceived freedom in leisure, leisure boredom, and sensation seeking level with regard to gender and physical activity participation, and to investigate the relationship between internet addiction, perceived freedom in leisure, leisure boredom and sensation seeking. The participants who were chosen using a convenience sampling method filled the “Short Form of Young’s Internet Addiction Test” (YIAT-SF), Perceived Freedom in Leisure Scale (PFLS), “Leisure Boredom Scale (LBS), and “Sensation Seeking Scale” (SSS). T-test, MANOVA, ANOVA and correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. T-test results indicated there were no significant differences in the mean scores of “YIAT-SF” with respect to gender (p> 0.05). However, analysis revealed significant differences in the mean scores of “YIAT-SF” with regard to not regularly physical activity participation. There were significant differences in the mean scores of “PFLS” in favor of men participants and regularly physical activity participants (p<0.05). Gender and regularly physical activity participation were significant of "LBS” (p<0.01) in favor of women participants (p<0.05). Similarly, gender were significant of “SSS” (p<0.01) on the all sub-dimensions in favor of men participants (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the mean scores of regularly physical activity participation.
THE PERSONAL CHARACTER OF THE WORK OF EMPLOYEE – THE CREATOR
Authors: Słowińska Karolina
Published: April 2019

The obligation to personally provide the creative work is inscribed in the nature and essence of creative work. The creative work is based on the individual characteristics and predispositions of the creator. The nature of creative work determines the obligation to provide it personally. On the other hand, the obligation to personally provide the creative work is a prerequisite for the existence of an employment relationship (i.e. labor relationship). Therefore, in case of creative work, there is a strengthening of the obligation to provide it personally because of the unique nature of performed, creative work. The personal character of creative work overlaps with the subject of the service as well as the entity of the service. The obligation to perform the work personally is not only the completion of the necessary elements of the labor relationship, but it guarantees also the performance of the employment duties by the competent employee according to the employer decision.
Book Review: Guide to Streaming Video Acquisitions (An ALCTS Monograph)
Authors: Seiffert Anna
Published: April 2019

Streaming media is prevalent, but it can be a daunting task for those in collection development and acquisitions to determine an appropriate way to provide access to it. This book is for those who have been hesitant to acquire streaming media or feel that they need to evaluate their current strategies regarding streaming media. The book’s stated purpose “is to address the logistics of providing steaming video for the library” (1). The book breaks down the key aspects into ten chapters and includes bibliographic references and an index.
Editorial
Authors: Weber Mary Beth
Published: April 2019

This issue of LRTS is meaningful to me in numerous ways. First, it contains five research papers. It has been unusual during my tenure as LRTS Editor to publish this many research papers in an issue. I typically have two to three and often an equal number of “Notes on Operations” papers.
Neraca kehidupan dan parameter demografi Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata Fabricius (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) pada empat tanaman inang berbeda
Authors: Waskito Adi , Atmowidi Tri , Kahono Sih
Published: April 2019

Kumbang lembing Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata Fabricius (Coleoptera: Cocinellidae) mempunyai tanaman inang yang luas, terutama pada famili Solanaceae. Spesies ini dapat menjadi hama yang serius bagi tanaman terung-terungan, seperti terong dan kentang. Penelitian ini bertujuan menyusun neraca kehidupan dan mengukur parameter demografi H. vigintioctopunctata yang diberi pakan empat tanaman inang yang berbeda, yaitu daun Solanum torvum, S. nigrum, S. melongena, dan Brugmansia suaveolens. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lama hidup imago paling lama (68,7 hari, jantan dan 79 hari, betina) terjadi pada kumbang H. vigintioctopunctata yang diberi pakan daun S. nigrum, diikuti oleh S. torvum (20,6 hari, jantan dan 31,7 hari, betina), S. melongena (1,5 hari, jantan dan 2,5 hari, betina), dan B. suaveolens (1,8 hari, jantan dan 1,7 hari, betina). Parameter demografi H. vigintioctopunctata menunjukkan bahwa laju reproduksi bersih tertinggi terjadi pada pemberian daun S. torvum (R0  = 2,11 betina/induk), diikuti S. nigrum (R0 = 0,64 betina/induk), S. melongena (R0 = 0,06 betina/induk), dan B. suaveolens (R0 = 0,006 betina/induk). Waktu generasi paling lama terjadi pada pemberian daun S. nigrum (28,53 hari), diikuti S. torvum (27,42 hari), B. suaveolens (5,9 hari), dan S. melongena (2,5 hari). Pemberian daun S. torvum menghasilkan laju pertumbuhan intrinsik H. vigintioctopunctata yang tinggi (r = 0,0094 betina/induk/hari). Berdasarkan neraca kehidupan dan parameter demografi, S. torvum merupakan tanaman inang yang sesuai untuk perkembangan H. vigintioctopunctata.
MINIMIZATION OF TIME FOR THE MATERIALS SUPPLY THROUGH A MIXED INTEGER LINEAR PROGRAMMING MODEL
Authors: FRANCO EMMANUEL , JIMENEZ GARCIA JOSE ALFREDO , RUELAS SANTOYO EDGAR AUGUSTO , CARLOS HERNANDEZ SALVADOR , AVILES CARRANZA VICTOR JAVIER , FIGUEROA FERNANDEZ VICENTE
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT:
The present article shows a new methodology for the construction of optimization models. This methodology is mainly inspired by Wayne L. Winston's procedure called "7 step model building". For the present case study, through this methodology a mixed integer linear programming model was obtained, which managed to minimize the waiting due to lack of supply of materials that go from the warehouses to the production lines, within an automotive organization that works under the Lean Manufacturing philosophy. With the application of the methodology, it was possible to reduce from 1.6% to 0% the losses due to lack of supply of materials, that is, it was possible to reduce from $ 48,450 to $ 0 the cost due to the waiting of supply of materials, meaning considerable savings for the organization, and that the proposed methodology for the construction of mathematical models of optimization is effective.

Key Words: Cost, minimization, mixed integer linear programming, supply of materials, time.
Elementos de la creatividad multimedia: apropiación, remediación, hibridación
Authors: Alberich-Pascual Jordi
Published: April 2019

En Everything is a Remix (2014), el reconocido documental de Kirby Ferguson sobre la omnipresencia de la combinación y la edición de materiales preexistentes en el origen de los mayores hitos de la cultura popular contemporánea, Ferguson dedica el tercero de los cuatro episodios que lo componen, The Basic Elements of Creativity, a mostrar y argumentar cómo crear e innovar es siempre el resultado de un proceso de 1) copia, 2) transformación y 3) combinación a partir de elementos previos.
Automated data extraction software for medical summary using text mining (T-Library)
Authors: Yamada Tomohide , Kondo Yoshinobu , Momosaki Ryo
Published: April 2019

The electronic medical record (EMR) is a source of clinical information and is used for clinical research. Clinical researchers leverage this information by employing staffs to manually extracting data from the unstructured text. This process can be both error-prone and labor-intensive.

This software (T-Library) is a software which automatically extracts key clinical data from patient records and can potentially help healthcare providers and researchers save money, make treatment decisions and manage clinical trials.

This software saves labor for data transcription in clinical research. This is a vital step toward getting researchers rapid access to the information they need. This is also the attempt to cluster patients’ morbid states and establish accurate and constantly updated risk engine of complications’ crises, using deep learning.

Strengths: 1) Quick and Easy operation

URL: http://www.picoron.com/tlibrary/
First-principles calculation of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy binding energy shift for nitrogen and phosphorus defects in 3C-silicon carbide
Authors: Matsushima Naoki , Yamauchi Jun
Published: April 2019

We systematically investigated the formation energies and the core-level X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy binding energy (XPSBE) shifts of nitrogen (N) 1s and phosphorus (P) 2p for defects including N and P in 3C-SiC by a first-principles calculation using the generalized gradient approximation, whose reliability for n-type defects was confirmed by some tests using the HSE06 hybrid functional. XPSBEs were separated into the local potential average around the impurity and the relaxation energy of the wave function to analyze the relationship between the XPSBE shift and the defect structures. It is difficult to understand the relaxation energy intuitively. The electrons localized around the impurity atom, which have energy levels in energy gaps, make a large contribution to the relaxation energies. Considering the formation energies, we predicted some XPS peaks expected to be found.
Boosting of Internally Generated Revenue (IGR) of Nigeria through Enforcement of Adequate Tax Payment by Cooperate Citizens and Organizations
Authors: Kadiri K. O. , Kayode S. Adewole
Published: April 2019

Oil has been the main source of revenue in Nigeria while the internally generated revenue (IGR) has taken the second position, more so it is a panacea for state development. Many states and local governments depend on their monthly allocations from the central vault to carry out their businesses. Studies were carried out on the tax evasion basically to increase internally generated revenues of Nigeria through enforcement of immediate and constant payment of tax by cooperate citizens and organizations. This research is very crucial by determine the causes of tax evasion and how to solve the problem. Both primary and secondary data were connected, the research instrument used in collecting the data is questionnaire, oral interview and others through consultation of text books, related journals and magazines. We could observed that the problem facing IGR increasement in Nigeria especially through adequate tax payment cannot be overlooked, so as to persuade the government to improve on providing qualified tax officials and provide necessary facilities needed for administration of tax.
Band Tunable Microcavity Perovskite Artificial Human Photoreceptors
Authors: Tsai Wei‐Lun , Chen Chien‐Yu , Wen Yu‐Ting , Yang Lin , Cheng Yu‐Lun , Lin Hao‐Wu
Published: April 2019

Electronic device versions of the neural functions of the human retina have high potential for use in artificial vision. This study demonstrates halide perovskite artificial human photoreceptors with specific photoresponses to red, green, and blue colors, which are consistent with human retinal photoreceiving cones and rods. In contrast to the current programmable spectral‐response technologies, a novel microcavity structure is combined in this study with a perovskite absorber to achieve a targeted spectrum without using external optical filters. The fabricated artificial photoreceptors exhibit excellent performance including a high detectivity of more than 1013 Jones, a large linear dynamic range of 154 dB, and a short response time of 580 ns. These values are equal to or better than those of the natural human retina. These devices can easily be monolithically integrated on a single flexible substrate by using vacuum deposition, and a true proof‐of‐concept full‐color image reconstruction is demonstrated.
The Influence of Dipole Moments Induced by Organic Molecules and Domain Structures on the Properties of CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite
Authors: Geng Wei , Hu Qi , Tong Chuan‐Jia , Tang Zhen‐Kun , Liu Li‐Min
Published: April 2019

Methylammonium lead iodide perovskite, CH3NH3PbI3, has attracted particular attention due to its fast increase in efficiency for solid‐state solar cells application. However, little is known about the influence of dipole moments of organic molecules on the electronic structures. In this study, first principles calculations are carried out to investigate the stability and electronic property of series structures with the different distributions of organic molecules and vacancy defects. The calculated results suggest that the configurations with the opposite dipole moments of MA+ toward the PbI2 layers can greatly enhance the charge separation, which is caused by the local electric fields of dipole MA+ ions. The direction and interval of localized charge are greatly dependent on the distribution of the MA+ ions. Furthermore, the configurations with the opposite dipole of the MA+ ions facing the PbI2 can be stabilized by vacancy defects.
Spin Logic Gates Operated by Protonation and Magnetism in Molecular Combinational Circuits
Authors: Zhao Wenkai , Zou Dongqing , Sun Zhaopeng , Xu Yuqing , Ji Guomin , Yu Yongjiang , Yang Chuanlu
Published: April 2019

The protonation and magnetism effects on the spin transport properties of benzo[b]phenazine (BPE) and bis(o‐phenylenediamine) manganese (IV) complex (Mn‐OPD) molecules in series and in parallel are theoretically investigated using density functional theory (DFT) combined with nonequilibrium Green's function method (NEGF). The spin‐resolved current‐voltage curves show that the magnetic field mainly regulate the spin‐polarized direction of current, and the protonation effect will significantly reduce the magnitude of spin‐polarized current. Moreover, under two orthogonal inputs, the molecular combinational circuits can behave as AND and OR spin logic gates, suggesting the application potential of integrating logic operations for future spin‐based nanoelectronics. In addition, we have observed the Fano resonance phenomenon in the parallel molecular junction, and the Fano resonance feature can be canceled by protonation effect. This work proposes a feasible way to construct a complex single‐molecule spin logic gate device.
Post‐intensive care syndrome: its pathophysiology, prevention, and future directions
Authors: Inoue Shigeaki , Hatakeyama Junji , Kondo Yutaka , Hifumi Toru , Sakuramoto Hideaki , Kawasaki Tatsuya , Taito Shunsuke , Nakamura Kensuke , Unoki Takeshi , Kawai Yusuke , Kenmotsu Yuji , Saito Masafumi , Yamakawa Kazuma , Nishida Osamu
Published: April 2019

Expanding elderly populations are a major social challenge in advanced countries worldwide and have led to a rapid increase in the number of elderly patients in intensive care units (ICUs). Innovative advances in medical technology have enabled lifesaving of patients in ICUs, but there remain various problems to improve their long‐term prognoses. Post‐intensive care syndrome (PICS) refers to physical, cognition, and mental impairments that occur during ICU stay, after ICU discharge or hospital discharge, as well as the long‐term prognosis of ICU patients. Its concept also applies to pediatric patients (PICS‐p) and the mental status of their family (PICS‐F). Intensive care unit‐acquired weakness, a syndrome characterized by acute symmetrical limb muscle weakness after ICU admission, belongs to physical impairments in three domains of PICS. Prevention of PICS requires performance of the ABCDEFGH bundle, which incorporates the prevention of delirium, early rehabilitation, family intervention, and follow‐up from the time of ICU admission to the time of discharge. Diary, nutrition, nursing care, and environmental management for healing are also important in the prevention of PICS. This review outlines the pathophysiology, prevention, and future directions of PICS.
Delayed diagnosis of traumatic ventricular septal perforation in penetrating chest injury: hematoma formation in the ventricular septum in CT suggests perforation
Authors: Shioya Nobuki , Inoue Nozomu , Muto Harutatsu , Tomita Akiko , Tsukamoto Yuki , Kawashima Naonori , Hazama Koji , Shichinohe Yasuo
Published: April 2019

Background

Ventricular septal perforation (VSP) can be caused by a penetrating cardiac injury. Diagnosis of VSP tends to be delayed because a shunt might not be detected by color flow Doppler at an early stage following injury.

Case presentation

A 60‐year‐old man with depression was admitted to the emergency center after a knife injury in the chest. A focused assessment with sonography for trauma revealed cardiac tamponade. Shortly after an open cardiac massage and a pericardiotomy, his spontaneous circulation returned. At a later stage, follow‐up computed tomography, echocardiography, and left ventriculography showed traumatic ventricular septal perforation. Conservative therapy was chosen because the pulmonary blood flow/systemic blood flow ratio was 1.42.

Conclusion

The initial contrast computed tomography shows a septal hematoma. Its presence could be perceived as a perforation site in the interventricular septum.
Metaoberflächen‐basierte molekulare Biosensorik unterstützt von künstlicher Intelligenz
Authors: Tittl Andreas , John‐Herpin Aurelian , Leitis Aleksandrs , Arvelo Eduardo R. , Altug Hatice
Published: April 2019

Techniken der molekularen Absorptionsspektroskopie liefern einzigartige Informationen über die innere Zusammensetzung biologischer Materie, indem sie die charakteristischen Infrarot‐Vibrationsbanden der beteiligten Moleküle detektieren. Durch den Einsatz von nanophotonischen Antennen und Metaoberflächen lässt sich einfallendes Licht auf der Nanoskala bündeln, was zu starker Licht‐Materie‐Wechselwirkung führt und es erlaubt, dieses Sensorkonzept bis hin zur Detektion weniger Moleküle auszudehnen. In diesem Kurzaufsatz werden wir neuartige Metaoberflächen‐basierte Ansätze der molekularen Biosensorik vorstellen und mit traditionellen Konzepten vergleichen. Ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf der kürzlich eingeführten Kombination von dielektrischen Metaoberflächen mit bildgebender Detektion, sowie auf dem Potential von künstlicher Intelligenz für das Design nanophotonischer Sensoren und die Datenanalyse. Solche Methoden erlauben die Messung molekularer Signaturen ohne Verwendung klassischer IR‐Spektrometer oder durchstimmbarer Laserquellen und stellen somit einen Durchbruch für miniaturisierte Sensoren in der Umweltanalytik und der patientennahen Labordiagnostik dar.
Boron‐Cluster‐Enhanced Ultralong Organic Phosphorescence
Authors: Tu Deshuang , Cai Suzhi , Fernandez Charlene , Ma Huili , Wang Xuan , Wang He , Ma Chaoqun , Yan Hong , Lu Changsheng , An Zhongfu
Published: April 2019

Although carborane‐based luminescent materials have been studied for years, no persistent phosphor has been reported so far. Herein, we describe boron‐cluster‐based persistent phosphors obtained by linking a σ‐aromatic carboranyl cage to the π system of a carbazolyl group. The carboranes were found to promote intersystem crossing from a singlet to a triplet state. The rigid boron cluster was able to stabilize the ultralong triplet excitons through multiple nonclassical hydrogen bonds, such as B−H⋅⋅⋅π interactions, thus leading to a long lifetime of up to 0.666 s and an absolute phosphorescence quantum yield of 7.1 %, which is outstanding for an organic phosphor without heavy atoms. These phosphors can be excited by visible light and show dynamic emission behavior, including thermochromism and mechanochromism. This study demonstrates that non‐metal/heavy‐atom boron clusters can be used to develop multifunctional high‐performance phosphors for potential applications.
Essenziell und weitverbreitet: Lanthanoid‐Metalloproteine
Authors: Daumann Lena J.
Published: April 2019

Die Biochemie der Lanthanoide – eine Überraschung an jeder Ecke: Lanthanoide sind biologisch essenzielle Elemente. Diese Aussage galt bis vor kurzem noch als undenkbar. Dieser Kurzaufsatz zeigt die Entwicklungen in dem aufstrebenden Feld der Seltenerd‐Biochemie aus der Sichtweise einer Koordinationschemikerin und diskutiert, warum die Natur eben diese Elemente für ihre katalytische Rolle in Alkohol‐Dehydrogenasen, wie sie in methanotrophen und methylotrophen Bakterien zu finden sind, ausgewählt hat.
Metasurface‐Based Molecular Biosensing Aided by Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Tittl Andreas , John‐Herpin Aurelian , Leitis Aleksandrs , Arvelo Eduardo R. , Altug Hatice
Published: April 2019

Molecular spectroscopy provides unique information on the internal structure of biological materials by detecting the characteristic vibrational signatures of their constituent chemical bonds at infrared frequencies. Nanophotonic antennas and metasurfaces have driven this concept towards few‐molecule sensitivity by confining incident light into intense hot spots of the electromagnetic fields, providing strongly enhanced light‐matter interaction. In this Minireview, recently developed molecular biosensing approaches based on the combination of dielectric metasurfaces and imaging detection are highlighted in comparison to traditional plasmonic geometries, and the unique potential of artificial intelligence techniques for nanophotonic sensor design and data analysis is emphasized. Because of their spectrometer‐less operation principle, such imaging‐based approaches hold great promise for miniaturized biosensors in practical point‐of‐care or field‐deployable applications.
Learning from Peptides to Access Functional Precision Polymer Sequences
Authors: Maron Eva , Swisher Jordan H. , Haven Joris J. , Meyer Tara Y. , Junkers Tanja , Börner Hans G.
Published: April 2019

Functional precision polymers based on monodisperse oligo(N‐substituted acrylamide)s and oligo(2‐substituted‐α‐hydroxy acid)s have been synthesized. The discrete sequences originate from a direct translation of side‐chain functionality sequences of a peptide with well‐studied properties. The peptide was previously selected to solubilize the photosensitizer meta‐tetra(hydroxyphenyl)chlorin. The resulting peptidomimetic formulation additives preserve the drug solubilization and release characteristics of the parent peptide. In some cases, superior properties are obtained, reaching up to 40 % higher payloads and 27‐times faster initial drug release.
Reduction of furfural by Mn/2,4,6‐Coll.HCl/H2O: Mechanistic aspects of this reaction
Authors: Rosales Martínez Antonio , Castro Rodríguez María , Jaraíz Martín , Enríquez Lourdes , Díaz Ojeda Emilio , Rodríguez Maecker Roman Nicolay , Cordobés Carmona Felipe , Pozo Morales Laura
Published: April 2019

A simple, mild and safe reduction of furfural to furfuryl alcohol by the Mn/2,4,6‐Coll.HCl/H2O system is described. An experimental study on the role played by each of the reagents involved in this reduction and DFT calculations are reported. With the aim to provide an explanation for the results obtained, a complete mechanism is proposed.
Intrinsic flame‐retardant epoxy resin composites with benzoxazine: Effect of a catalyst and a low curing temperature
Authors: Chen Lamei , Song Tianyou , Wang Jingyu , Shi Hui , Hao Jianwei
Published: April 2019

Three kinds of inherent flame‐retardant epoxy resin (EP) composites with 20 wt % benzoxazine (BOZ) were prepared with different curing processes with 2‐methyl‐1H‐imidazole (MI) as a catalyst or/and changes in the curing temperature. The effects of the curing process on the flame retardancy, thermal stability, mechanical properties, and curing behaviors were investigated. The composite with added MI cured at low temperature (EBM–LT) had the best properties. It possessed a 35.3% limiting oxygen index and achieved a UL 94 V‐0 rating. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that EBM–LT had the best thermal stability among the three kinds of EP composites with BOZ. The EP composites with BOZ mainly displayed a condensed‐phase flame‐retardant mechanism. The mechanical properties improvement was attributed to the formation of a heterogeneous network. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated that MI reacted with EP and catalyzed the homopolymerization of BOZ, and EP reacted with BOZ. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated that curing at lower temperature caused the formation of more homopolymers of BOZ. The relationship of the curing process, network structure, and properties of EP composites with BOZ was established; this could help with the design of high‐performance EP composites with BOZ. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47847.
Influence of polyethylene glycol molecular weight on the anticancer drug delivery of pH‐sensitive polymeric micelle
Authors: Shan Xiaotian , Mao Jing , Long Miaomiao , Ahmed Kamel S. , Sun Changling , Qiu Lipeng , Chen Jinghua
Published: April 2019

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and pH‐sensitive polymers have been widely utilized in anticancer drug delivery systems due to their characteristics of prolonging circulation time and tumor‐responsive drug release. However, the effect of PEG molecular weight on the delivery of anticancer drug‐encapsulating pH‐sensitive polymer micelles has been poorly studied. Therefore, a simple method was used to prepare pH‐sensitive doxorubicin (DOX)‐loaded micelles (DOX/POD) based on polyethylene glycol‐2‐(octadecyloxy)‐1, 3‐dioxan‐5‐amine (POD) polymers, and the influence of PEG molecular weights (1 K, 2 K, and 5 K) on in vitro drug release and antitumor effect was further studied. Interestingly, as the molecular weight increased, the release amount of DOX was augmented. While the cytotoxicity and cellular uptake were increased, the molecular weight was decreased. It is reasonable to speculate that the high molecular weight of PEG may promote the dissolution rate of DOX, and their micelles with uncompact structure are being prone to disassembly in an acid environment. However, the low molecular weight of PEG may contribute to the formation of compact POD micelles, which make it easier to be uptaken by tumor cells resulting in the enhanced antitumor effect. Taken together, the results indicate that pH‐sensitive POD micelles with low molecular weight can achieve the efficient delivery of drugs, and PEG molecular weight in pH‐sensitive nanocarriers may influence the antitumor effect. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47854.