bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correction of High Astigmatism: Case Studies Using the Mixed-cylinder Approach
Authors: Khan Hamza N , Kaye Geoffrey B , Febbraro Jean Luc
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To explain the use of the mixed-cylinder approach in treating moderate to high astigmatism with the NIDEK EC-5000 excimer laser system.

METHODS: Retrospective case series report.

RESULTS: Three patients with bilateral moderate to high astigmatism were treated successfully using the mixed cylinder approach.

CONCLUSIONS: The use of the mixed-cylinder approach with the NIDEK EC-5000 excimer laser may be a safe and predictable option for treating moderate to high astigmatism. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:S1073-S1078.]
Biomechanical Effects of Femtosecond and Microkeratome-based Flap Creation: Prospective Contralateral Examination of Two Patients
Authors: Krueger Ronald R , Dupps William J
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To examine flap morphology, corneal topography, and aberrometry after flap creation with a femtosecond laser in one eye and a mechanical microkeratome in the fellow eye. Comparative outcomes after subsequent refractive laser correction were also investigated.

METHODS: Two patients (4 eyes) were enrolled in a clinical study in which LASIK flaps were created using the IntraLase laser set at 90 or 100 µm in one eye and the Moria M2 microkeratome with a 90-µm head in the fellow eye. Pre- and postoperative flap data at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month were collected before lifting the flap to perform a customized laser ablation (Alcon LADARVision4000 CustomCornea System). Postoperative laser data were collected at 1 week, 1 month, 3 and 6 months, and 1 year. Visual acuity, pachymetry, high-frequency flap ultrasound profilometry (Artemis Ultralink), topography, aberrometry (LADARWave), and refraction were examined and compared between eyes.

RESULTS: Postoperative flap comparisons showed a hyperopic refractive shift in all four eyes with a shift of up to 1.00 diopter (D) in the microkeratome eyes and <0.50 D in the IntraLase eyes. Corneal topography difference maps showed peripheral steepening that was more pronounced in the microkeratome versus IntraLase eyes (2.00 D vs 0.50 to 1.00 D, respectively). Spherical aberration by wavefront variably increased by 50% to 100% in the microkeratome eyes and remained virtually unchanged in the IntraLase eyes. At 3-month postoperative laser treatment, visual acuity was 20/15 for both eyes in patient 1 and 20/15 in the right eye (IntraLase) and 20/25 in the left eye (microkeratome) in patient 2. Aberrometry revealed a two-fold greater level of higher order aberrations in microkeratome eyes than in IntraLase eyes throughout the postoperative laser period.

CONCLUSIONS: Femtosecond laser and mechanical methods of flap creation lead to subtle biomechanically induced aberrations, which appear more prominent with the mechanical Moria M2 microkeratome in this small case study. Further study with a larger patient population is warranted to determine whether these differences are statistically significant. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:800-807.]
Human Capital Management in the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Authors: Kalitanyi Vivence , Goldman Geoff A.
Published: September 2019

This chapter identifies the drivers and challenges of the fourth industrial revolution. The fourth industrial revolution consists of artificial intelligence, big data, robotics, and many others technological innovations. The recent transformation in the global environment is affecting the way businesses are conducted, managed, and the way governments and societies are run. Today, business analysts are faced with the challenge of managing both human and digital workforce effectively without making any stakeholder in the business environment worse off. Hence, human capital management in the fourth industrial revolution involves effective development and deployment of human resources, artificial intelligence, and robotics to achieve organisational goals and objectives. It is expected that the principles underlying human capital management—planning, staffing, development, compensation, and investment in digital workforce—will become more intense and complex.
GaAs Solid State Broadband Power Amplifier for L and S Bands Applications
Authors: Ribate Mohamed , Mandry Rachid , El Abdellaoui Larbi , Latrach Mohamed
Published: September 2019

This chapter provides an insight view of the Broadband Power Amplifier (BPA) design. Basically, the aim of the BPA is to increase the power level of the signal presents at its input terminal up to a prefixed power level at its output terminal in the operating frequency band. The research of a GaAs single stage solid state broadband power amplifier based of ATF13876 which operates in the frequency band ranging from 1.17 GHz to 3 GHz is presented in this chapter. The wider bandwidth circuits are designed by using transmission lines which are intrinsically wideband circuits. With carefully designed biasing and broadband matching networks, unconditionally stability and excellent matching performance are fulfilled over the overall operating bandwidth with a maximum power gain of 17.34 dB and a saturated output power of 17 dBm. Considering the wider bandwidth of the proposed BPA, the latter compares favorably with the contemporary state-of-the-art.
Autoencoders in Deep Neural Network Architecture for Real Work Applications
Authors: Abouzid Houda , Chakkor Otman
Published: September 2019

The most heard sound exists as a mixture of several audio sources. All human beings have the ability to concentrate on a single source of their interest and ignore the other sources as disturbing background noise. To apply this powerful gift to a machine, it must obligatory pass through the source separation process. If there is not enough information about the process of mixture of those sources and their nature as well, the problem is known by Blind Source Separation BSS. This thesis is dedicated to study the BSS as a solution for human machine interaction. The objective consists in recovering one or several source signals from a given mixture signal. Recently, the science research is towards artificial intelligence and machine learning applications. The proposed approach for the separation will be to apply a Deep Neural Network method based on Keras. Extracting features from the audio with signal processing techniques and machine learning to learn a representation from the audio for the compression tasks and the suppression of the noise will improve the state-of-the-art.
Performance Analysis of Hierarchical Routing Protocols in Heterogenous WSNs
Authors: Yazid Yassine , Ezzazi Imad , Arioua Mounir , El Oualkadi Ahmed
Published: September 2019

Since the appearance of WSN, the energy efficiency has been widely considered as a critical issue due to the limited battery-powered nodes. In this regard, communication process is the most energy demanding in sensor nodes. Subsequently, using energy-aware routing protocols in order to decrease the communications costs as much as possible and increase the network lifetime is of paramount importance. In this chapter, we have mainly focused on the most recent-based clustered routing algorithms for heterogeneous WSNs, namely Selected Election Protocol (SEP), and Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering Protocol (DEEC). In addition, we have proposed an efficient clustered routing protocol based on Zonal SEP algorithm. Indeed, we have evaluated the performance of the proposed protocol according to different scenarios in order to guarantee the best distribution of heterogeneous nodes in the network. The results have shown that the proposed clustered routing approach outperforms the existed Z-SEP protocol in terms of energy efficiency and stability.
Non-Negative Matrix Factorization for Blind Source Separation
Authors: Aoulass Nabila , Chakkour Otman
Published: September 2019

NMF method aim to factorize a non-negative observation matrix X as the product X =G.F between two non-negative matrices G and F, respectively the matrix of contributions and profiles. Although these approaches are studied with great interest by the scientific community, they often suffer from a lack of robustness with regard to data and initial conditions and can present multiple solutions. The work of this chapter aims to examine the different approaches of NMF, thus introducing the constraint of sparsity in order to avoid local minima. The NMF can be informed by introducing desired constraints on the matrix F (resp G) such as the sum of 1 of each of its lines. Applications on images made it possible to test the interest of many algorithms in terms of precision and speed.
Anti-Plane Shear Wave in Microstructural Media
Authors: Chaki Mriganka Shekhar , Singh Abhishek Kumar
Published: September 2019

The present chapter encapsulates the characteristic behavior of anti-plane shear wave propagation in a micropolar layer/semi-infinite structural media. Two types of interfacial complexity have been considered at the common interface which give rise to two distinct mathematical models: (1) Model I: Anti-plane shear wave in a micropolar layer/semi-infinite structure with rectangular irregular interface and (2) Model II: Anti-plane shear wave in a micropolar layer/semi-infinite structure with non-perfect interface. For both models, dispersion equations have been deduced in algebraic-form and in particular, the dispersion equation of new type of surface wave resulted due to micropolarity has been obtained. The deduced results have been validated with classical cases analytically. The effects of micropolarity, irregularity, and non-perfect interface on anti-plane shear wave have been demonstrated through numerical study in the present chapter.
Property Enhancement of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polylactic Acid Composites Prepared by Fused-Deposition Modeling
Authors: Kubade Pravin R. , Kulkarni Hrushikesh B. , Gavali Vinayak C.
Published: September 2019

Additive Manufacturing or three-dimensional printing refers to a process of building lighter, stronger three-dimensional parts, manufactured layer by layer. Additive manufacturing uses a computer and CAD software which passes the program to the printer to build the desired shape. Metals, thermoplastic polymers, and ceramics are the preferred materials used for additive manufacturing. Fused deposition modeling is one additive manufacturing technique involving the use of thermoplastic polymer for creating desired shape. Carbon fibers can be added into polymer to strengthen the composite without adding additional weight. Present work deals with the manufacturing of Carbon fiber-reinforced Polylactic Acid composites prepared using fused deposition modeling. Mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties of composites are studied as per ASTM standards and using sophisticated instruments. It is observed that there is enhancement in thermo-mechanical properties of composites due to addition reinforcement which is discussed in detail.
Use of a Metacognitive Tool to Facilitate Teacher Reflection in an Online Graduate Literacy Course
Authors: Sableski Mary-Kate , Rosemary Catherine A. , Kinnucan-Welsch Kathryn
Published: September 2019

This chapter describes use of a metacognitive tool to facilitate teacher reflection in an online graduate reading practicum course. The Teacher Learning Instrument (TLI) is a tool designed to support the evidence-based practice of reflection on teaching through collaborative inquiry. The purpose of using the TLI in an online reading practicum course is to facilitate candidates' reflections on teaching struggling readers in one-to-one intervention settings with the goal of refining instruction to improve students' reading ability. The analysis of the assignment data associated with use of the TLI demonstrates the potential of the TLI to inform a collaborative, reflective process among practicing teachers within the context of a practicum course, addressing the requirements of Standard 7. The reflective process and sharing of insights among colleagues make literacy instructional practices visible for close examination in an online environment and thus exposes the complexity inherent in the effective teaching of struggling readers.
Video as a Tool for Guided Reflection in Literacy Specialist Preparation
Authors: Parsons Allison Ward , Hathaway Jennifer I.
Published: September 2019

In this chapter, interactive video coding is explored as a tool to guide deep reflections and development of professional learning knowledge in a hybrid online class designed for candidates in a graduate program for specialized literacy professionals. This chapter focuses on reflective interactions between candidates as they learn to develop and deliver effective literacy professional learning as described in Standards 6 and 7. Findings demonstrate the effectiveness of video coding tools to facilitate realistic application of course material in authentic school contexts while maintaining a safe and supportive learning environment for candidates to gain experience and confidence.
Building Pre-Service Teachers' Conscious Awareness of Their Literacy Cognitive Processes and Ability to Prepare Quality Think-Alouds
Authors: Pratt Sharon M.
Published: September 2019

This chapter shares an instructional practice that has been used with undergraduate pre-service teachers to help them become consciously aware of their own cognitive processes for literacy tasks, as well as how to prepare think-aloud demonstrations for elementary age students. Using asynchronous online discussions, pre-service teachers were given a pre-writing or reading comprehension prompt and asked to think-aloud during their own work with a task. Secondly, after instruction in research-based components to include in think-alouds, pre-service teachers prepared a recording of how they would model a related literacy task for elementary age students. The asynchronous format with peer critique allowed pre-service teachers to try out think-aloud practices within an uncritical space, thus encouraging them to take greater risk in sharing their thought processes aloud with others.
Reflective Practices That Scaffold Teacher Knowledge, Decision Making, and Literacy Leadership
Authors: Fullerton Susan King , Aker Lisa D.
Published: September 2019

The roles of literacy professionals are organized and contextualized in school settings and are quite varied; university coursework must prepare teachers to serve in literacy teacher, reading specialist, interventionist, and coaching roles. In this chapter, the authors describe two Literacy M.Ed. mid-program practicums that (1) focus on literacy small-group instruction such as guided reading and (2) individual instruction of learners having difficulty with reading. They discuss evidence-based practices primarily focused on reflection—reflections of lessons, including videotaped lessons and peer coaching, online discussions and reflections. Based on the analyses of such practices, insights and implications for program improvement are suggested.
Engaging Teachers in a Digital Learner-Centered Approach to Support Understanding Foundational Literacy
Authors: Beschorner Beth , Woodward Lindsay
Published: September 2019

This chapter describes a graduate level course that is required for the state's reading endorsement and is offered entirely online. The course emphasizes recent research, issues, teaching methods, and new materials in reading at the K-12 level and was intentionally designed as a learner-centered environment using the Technology Integration Planning Cycle. Students in the course (n = 38) were practicing teachers at the elementary, middle, or high school level in a wide range of urban, suburban, or rural settings. The instructor's use of the Technology Integration Planning Cycle to create a learner-centered environment and the teachers' work samples throughout the course are described. Finally, implications for teacher education are discussed.
Content Acquisition Podcasts
Authors: Daley Jaime True
Published: September 2019

Literacy professionals expect effective preparation in online courses, but teacher-educators struggle to include vast content during abbreviated semesters. To provide core literacy content using universally designed presentations, teacher-educators developed and tested the efficacy of content acquisition podcasts (CAPs). CAPs deliver critical information through strategically designed videos, made with Microsoft PowerPoint software. Studies reported moderate effect sizes, as literacy professionals significantly improved foundational knowledge, instructional skills, and strategy application. This chapter surveyed CAP research and described how one online course embedded CAPs, which resulted in participants' effectively developing and implementing literacy intervention plans. Recommendations for teacher-educators and researchers were presented.
Culturally Significant Learning in an Online Children's Literature Class
Authors: Parsons Sue Christian , Crawley Stephen Adam
Published: September 2019

The chapter examines how online delivery of a graduate children's literature class influenced candidates' understandings of culture and culturally-relevant literacy practice. Employing inductive thematic analysis, researchers analyzed student work and reflections on their experiences transacting with high-quality, diverse literature. Analysis led to three primary results illuminating how the shift to online delivery, in conjunction with promoting and supporting access to high-quality diverse literature, influenced candidates' learning and engagement: candidates connected to and affected change in their “place-based” contexts, deepened understandings via interconnectedness and choice, and shifted in pedagogy and perspectives. Descriptions of course design and instructor's problem-solving processes may be particularly relatable to educators seeking insight into effective online teaching and learning.
Ether-a-go-go related gene-1a potassium channel abundance varies within specific skeletal muscle fiber type
Authors: Anderson Luke B. , Latour Chase D. , Khader Omar , Massey Bryce H. , Cobb Brittan , Pond Amber L.
Published: September 2019

The ERG1A K+ channel, which is partially responsible for repolarization of the cardiac action potential, has also been reported in skeletal muscle where it modulates ubiquitin proteolysis. Because ERG1A protein appears variably expressed in muscles composed of mixed fiber types, we hypothesized that its abundance in skeletal muscle might differ with fiber type. Indeed, skeletal muscle fibers vary in speed of contraction (fast or slow), which is mainly determined by myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform content, but a sarcolemmal K+ channel might also modulate contraction speed. To test our hypothesis, we cryo-sectioned Soleus (SOL), Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL), and Gastrocnemius muscles from five rats. These muscles were chosen because the SOL and EDL contain an abundance of slow- and fast-twitch fibers, respectively, while the Gastrocnemius has a more heterogeneous composition. The muscle sections were co-immunostained for the ERG1A protein and either the fast- or slow-twitch MyHC to identify fiber type. ERG1A fluorescence was then measured in the sarcolemma of each fiber type and compared. The data reveal that the ERG1A protein is more abundant in the fibers of the SOL than in the EDL muscles, suggesting ERG1A may be more abundant in the slow than the fast fibers, and this was confirmed with immunoblot. However, because of the homogeneity of fiber type within these muscles, it was not possible to get enough data from both fiber types within a single muscle to compare ERG1A composition within fiber type. However, immunohistochemistry of sections from the fiber type heterogeneous Gastrocnemius muscle reveals that slow fibers had, on average, a 17.2% greater ERG1A fluorescence intensity than fast fibers (p<0.03). Further, immunoblot reveals that ERG1A protein is 41.6% more abundant (p=0.051) in old than in young rat Gastrocnemius muscle. We postulate that this membrane bound voltage-gated channel may affect membrane characteristics, the duration of the action potential generated, and/or the speed of contraction. Indeed, ERG1A protein is more abundant in aged and atrophic skeletal muscle, both of which exhibit slower rates of contraction.
Evaluation of single-use nylon-screened sieves for use with fine-grained sediment samples
Authors: Lougheed H D , McClenaghan M B , Layton-Matthews D , Leybourne M I
Published: September 2019

The authors set out to evaluate the use of three sieving methods when sieving the <250 micrometres heavy mineral concentrate (HMC) material. As the grain size to be evaluated decreases, unique concerns for sample loss and cross-contamination during
processing arise and this study reports a methodology for sieving the <250 micrometres fraction of a HMC using disposable nylon mesh sieves. The disposable sieves result in a significant reduction in sample loss when tested against traditional stainless-steel sieves, and their single use
nature eliminates the chance of sample cross-contamination of samples from reuse of a sieve and the need for sieve cleaning between samples.
Chirality induced interface currents in the Chalker–Goddington model
Authors: Asch Joachim , Bourget Olivier , Joye Alain
Published: September 2019

We study transport properties of a Chalker–Coddington type model in the plane which presents asymptotically pure anti-clockwise rotation on the left and clockwise rotation on the right. We prove delocalisation in the sense that the absolutely continuous spectrum covers the whole unit circle. The result is of topological nature and independent of the details of the model.
Experimental and Computational Investigation of Particle Filtration Mechanisms in Partially Damaged DPFs
Authors: Haralampous Onoufrios , Mastrokalos Marios , Tzorbatzoglou Fotini , Dritselis Chris
Published: September 2019

Understanding the filtration mechanisms in partially damaged Diesel Particulate Filters is very important for the design of exhaust systems with efficient On-Board Diagnosis functionality, especially as new threshold limits have been recently applied for particulate mass leakage. Two common types of DPF failure are included in this study, namely rear plug removal and internal failure due to uncontrolled regeneration with excessive deposit loading. Initially, the two respective filters were loaded on the engine bench with particle measurement upstream and downstream, and then they were disassembled and sectioned to study the deposit distribution. The analysis of the second filter revealed several modes of failure that should be expected under real-life conditions such as material accumulation in the inlet channels, substrate melting, and crosswise and diagonal crack development. Moreover, a computational model with the necessary adjustments is used to simulate the loading experiments and interpret the underlying filtration mechanisms. The processed results reveal small effects of temperature and mass flow rate on the filtration efficiency and a comparatively stronger impact of the total deposit loading. The local deposit loading is uniform in the intact segments, while it is non-uniform with a minimum value at the failure location in the unplugged and internally damaged segments. This finding is consistent with the wall flow predicted by the model, whereas some discrepancies of the model can be attributed to a secondary collection mechanism.
O Papel da Tradução Intersemiótica para a Legendagem de Séries: Analisando as falas de Lady Violet na 1T de Downton Abbey
Authors: Luna Rossana , De Oliveira Branco Sinara
Published: September 2019

Buscando contribuir para as práticas de legendagem, este artigo é um recorte de uma pesquisa desenvolvida no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Linguagem e Ensino da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande. O estudo analisa a influência da Tradução Intersemiótica sobre a legendagem de falas da personagem Lady Violet Crawley, na série Downton Abbey. Como referencial teórico, utilizamos discussões sobre Tradução Intersemiótica de Plaza (2013), Jakobson (2000) e Frías (2011); de Semiótica de Pignatari (2004) e Pierce (2005);  de legendagem por Georgakopoulou (2009), Betz (2009) e Skuggevik (2009); além de estudos sobre a face e expressões faciais como sistema de sinais de Ekman e Friesen (2003) e Darwin (1872), entre outros. Este estudo se insere dentro dos Estudos de Tradução de Multimídia (WILLIAMS; CHESTERMAN, 2002), sendo orientado pelo produto. Os resultados indicam que a tradução intersemiótica gera legendas que são influenciadas, compensadas e/ou complementadas pelo não-verbal em reflexão de estratégias de legendagem que respeitam o quadro semiótico da obra.
MARTINS, Márcia A.P., GUERINI, Andréia (ORG.). Palavra de Tradutor: reflexões sobre tradução por tradutores brasileiros – The translator’s word: reflections on translation by brasilian translators. Florianópolis: Editora UFSC, 2018, 205 p.
Authors: Silva Adriane Moura e
Published: September 2019

Elaboração da resenha crítica do livro em epígrafe, destacando seus principais aspectos, com respectivos comentários.
Barbosa, Tereza Virgínia R.; Palma, Anna e Chiarini, Ana Maria. (Org.). Teatro e tradução de teatro: Estudos. Belo Horizonte: Relicário Edições, 2017. 304 p.
Authors: Fernandes Alinne Balduino Pires
Published: September 2019

Teatro e tradução de teatro é uma publicação multifacetada que reflete as preocupações do GTT. Assim como o grupo advoga por suas abordagens multidisciplinares, que envolve pesquisadores de Letras, História, Artes e profissionais das artes, Teatro e tradução de teatro oferece ao/à leitor(a) múltiplas abordagens de pesquisa em teatro e tradução teatral. No prefácio do livro, as organizadoras apresentam um histórico do grupo, que elenca suas produções teatrais, publicações, que vão desde reflexões teóricas e metodológicas, que priorizam o trabalho colaborativo, a traduções de peças teatrais, assim como sua ideologia como grupo. A prática tradutória é vista aqui como um “exercício crítico: crítico de si mesmo e crítico do outro” e, portanto, é um “ato poético e político” (p. 8). O livro resulta numa projeção internacional do grupo e traz capítulos escritos por pesquisadores de diversas partes do país e alguns pesquisadores internacionais. Com dezessete artigos, o livro reúne perspectivas diversas sobre tradução teatrais, desde reflexões aplicadas a estudos de caso específicos a abordagens metafóricas que não tratam do teatro em si, mas de aspectos da dramaticidade presentes em outros gêneros textuais.
Da tradução como ato criador: razões e desrazões de uma negação
Authors: Sinderski Bigaton Jaqueline , Manríquez Reyes Silveira Francisca Ysabelle
Published: September 2019

O texto intitulado "Da tradução como ato criador: razões e desrazões de uma negação", escrito por Jean-Yves Masson, foi originalmente publicado na Revista Meta no ano de 2017 e trata sobre a tradução como um ato de criação, sobre o papel do tradutor como criador e sobre o fato de que a tradução ainda é vista como uma atividade secundária e meramente mecânica.
Narratives as Approach to Interpreter Identity
Authors: Heidermann Werner L. , Weininger Markus J.
Published: September 2019

A identidade de tradutor e intérprete entrou em foco com a “virada cultural” na primeira década do novo milênio (Pym 2004) e ainda mais na década de 2010 com a “virada sociológica” nos estudos da tradução e interpretação (Wolf 2012). Neste artigo, exploramos de duas maneiras narrativas como uma abordagem para compreender a identidade complexa de intérpretes, não raramente conflitiva. No sentido teórico, entendemos que interpretar é processar, adaptar e reconstruir narrativas de uma forma cognitiva que seja compatível, acessível e aceitável para todas as partes envolvidas, com base em Humboldt (1999), Wittgenstein (1922), Eco (1986), Blikstein (1997) e outros, assim como Baker (2006), que descreve o mundo como uma projeção de narrativas conflitantes que são, ao mesmo tempo, a própria razão para a necessidade de interpretação e para conflitos de identidade de intérpretes. Por outro lado, analisamos narrativas literárias sobre intérpretes ou escritas por intérpretes para ilustrar as descobertas da primeira parte deste artigo.
Avaliação de indicadores ambientais urbanos em um espaço público da cidade de Fortaleza-CE
Authors: Neves Cícero Janderson Tavares , Silva Michael Lima , Marques Samuel Guilherme Freire , Sá Geny Gil , Silva Adeildo Cabral da
Published: September 2019

Locais como praças são áreas de lazer frequentadas por pessoas de diferentes idades e classes sociais com o intuito de práticas de exercícios, recreação e entretenimento. Neste contexto, a qualidade do ar e o conforto do ambiente são de fundamental importância para o bem-estar das pessoas que frequentam estes lugares. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as condições ambientais urbanas de uma praça pública na cidade de Fortaleza, Ceará, por meio do monitoramento de indicadores ambientais como: temperatura e umidade relativa do ar, temperatura superficial dos elementos construtivos, níveis de ruídos e concentração de material particulado e CO2, como forma de verificar a exposição dos frequentadores desse espaço a tais parâmetros em uma praça pública na cidade de Fortaleza-CE. As medições foram realizadas em dois dias nos turnos da manhã, tarde e fim da tarde em horários onde se observa um maior fluxo de automóveis, fazendo uso de um sensor de temperatura, umidade e CO2, decibelímetro, contador de material particulado e câmara termográfica. Após a coleta dos dados, houve uma análise comparativa entre os dias e turnos pesquisados, avaliando as condições atuais da praça, por meio dos limites estabelecidos pelas normas NBR 10.151/2000 (níveis de ruídos em ambientes externos), CONAMA 491/2018 (qualidade do ar), normais climatológicas e o recomendado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que a área estudada não oferece boa qualidade ambiental para os seus frequentadores, principalmente no período da tarde, onde os indicadores se mostraram mais desfavoráveis.
Calibration of the 2007–2017 record of Atmospheric Radiation Measurements cloud radar observations using CloudSat
Authors: Kollias Pavlos , Puigdomènech Treserras Bernat , Protat Alain
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation
Measurements (ARM) facility has been at the forefront of millimeter-wavelength radar development and operations since the late 1990s. The
operational performance of the ARM cloud radar network is very high;
however, the calibration of the historical record is not well established.
Here, a well-characterized spaceborne 94 GHz cloud profiling radar
(CloudSat) is used to characterize the calibration of the ARM cloud radars.
The calibration extends from 2007 to 2017 and includes both fixed and mobile
deployments. Collectively, over 43 years of ARM profiling cloud radar
observations are compared to CloudSat and the calibration offsets are
reported as a function of time using a sliding window of 6 months. The study
also provides the calibration offsets for each operating mode of the ARM
cloud radars. Overall, significant calibration offsets are found that exceed
the uncertainty of the technique (1–2 dB). The findings of this study are
critical to past, ongoing, and planned studies of cloud and precipitation
and should assist the DOE ARM to build a legacy decadal ground-based cloud
radar dataset for global climate model validation.
Simulating barrier island response to sea level rise with the barrier island and inlet environment (BRIE) model v1.0
Authors: Nienhuis Jaap H. , Lorenzo-Trueba Jorge
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Barrier islands are low-lying coastal landforms vulnerable to
inundation and erosion by sea level rise. Despite their socioeconomic and
ecological importance, their future morphodynamic response to sea level rise
or other hazards is poorly understood. To tackle this knowledge gap, we
outline and describe the BarrieR Inlet Environment (BRIE) model that can
simulate long-term barrier morphodynamics. In addition to existing overwash
and shoreface formulations, BRIE accounts for alongshore sediment transport,
inlet dynamics, and flood–tidal delta deposition along barrier islands.
Inlets within BRIE can open, close, migrate, merge with other inlets, and
build flood–tidal delta deposits. Long-term simulations reveal complex
emergent behavior of tidal inlets resulting from interactions with sea level
rise and overwash. BRIE also includes a stratigraphic module, which
demonstrates that barrier dynamics under constant sea level rise rates can
result in stratigraphic profiles composed of inlet fill, flood–tidal delta,
and overwash deposits. In general, the BRIE model represents a process-based
exploratory view of barrier island morphodynamics that can be used to
investigate long-term risks of flooding and erosion in barrier environments.
For example, BRIE can simulate barrier island drowning in cases in which the
imposed sea level rise rate is faster than the morphodynamic response of the
barrier island.
Technical note: An improved discharge sensitivity metric for young water fractions
Authors: Gallart Francesc , von Freyberg Jana , Valiente María , Kirchner James , Llorens Pilar , Latron Jérôme
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Recent virtual and experimental investigations have shown that the young water fraction Fyw (i.e. the proportion of catchment outflow younger than circa 2–3 months) increases with discharge in most catchments. The discharge sensitivity of Fyw has been defined as the rate of increase in Fyw with increasing discharge (Q), and has been estimated by the linear regression slope between Fyw and Q, hereafter called DS(Q). The combined use of both metrics, Fyw and DS(Q), provides a promising method for catchment inter-comparison studies that seek to understand streamflow generation processes. Here we explore the discharge sensitivity of Fyw in the intensively sampled small Mediterranean research catchment Can Vila. Intensive sampling of high flows at Can Vila allows young water fractions to be estimated for the far upper tail of the flow frequency distribution. These young water fractions converge toward 1 at the highest flows, illustrating a conceptual limitation in the linear regression method for estimating DS(Q) as a metric of discharge sensitivity: Fyw cannot grow with discharge indefinitely, since the fraction of young water in discharge can never be larger than 1. Here we propose to quantify discharge sensitivity by the parameter of an exponential-type equation expressing how Fyw varies with discharge. The exponential parameter (Sd) approximates DS(Q) at moderate discharges where Fyw is well below 1; however, the exponential equation and its discharge sensitivity metric better capture the non-linear relationship between Fyw and Q and are robust with respect to changes in the range of sampled discharges, allowing comparisons between catchments with strongly contrasting flow regimes.
pCO2 variability in the surface waters of the eastern Gulf of Cádiz (SW Iberian Peninsula)
Authors: Jiménez-López Dolores , Sierra Ana , Ortega Teodora , Garrido Soledad , Hernández-Puyuelo Nerea , Sánchez-Leal Ricardo , Forja Jesús
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Spatio-temporal variations in the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2)
were studied during eight oceanographic cruises conducted between March 2014 and
February 2016 in surface waters of the eastern shelf of the Gulf of
Cádiz (SW Iberian Peninsula) between the Guadalquivir river and Cape
Trafalgar. pCO2 presents a range of variation between 320.6 and 513.6 µatm with highest values during summer and autumn and lowest during
spring and winter. For the whole study, pCO2 shows a linear dependence
with temperature, and spatially there is a general decrease from coastal to
offshore stations associated with continental inputs and an increase in the
zones deeper than 400 m related to the influence of the eastward branch of
the Azores Current. The study area acts as a source of CO2 to the
atmosphere during summer and autumn and as a sink in spring and winter with
a mean value for the study period of -0.18±1.32 mmol m−2 d−1. In the Guadalquivir and Sancti Petri transects, the CO2 fluxes decrease towards offshore, whereas in the Trafalgar transect fluxes
increase due to the presence of an upwelling. The annual uptake capacity of
CO2 in the Gulf of Cádiz is 4.1 Gg C yr−1.
Partner Build Grow: Resources to Sustain Partnerships and Advance Prevention Initiatives
Authors: Frankford Evelyn , Sadlon Rachel , Acosta Price Olga , Sheriff Linda
Published: September 2019

Alignment of programs, practices, and policies by practitioners at the state and local levels can create health-promoting environments for all children. Such alignment, guided by principles of prevention science and public health, can enhance school–community partnerships involved with the mental, emotional, and behavioral well-being and positive development of children and youth. The key to success of such prevention approaches is sustaining the work over time. Partner Build Grow, an online Action Guide, supports sustainability through cross-sector collaborations and systems change to create school–community environments that promote equity. Informed by local and national experts along with field experience and application of best practices, Partner Build Grow presents a framework and provides the support to guide schools and communities through a process to build and sustain school–community partnerships. The Action Guide identifies four components critical for sustainability: Building an Action Team, Mapping Assets, Connecting With the Policy Environment, and Building a Communications Plan, and provides practical implementation tools for each area that can be customized for local contexts. Since the August 2015 Action Guide launch, we have tracked Web page views, unique users, registrants, and other analytics to measure engagement. Partner Build Grow presents Web-based resources and tools for local and state cross-sector collaboration to sustain effective practices and systems for positive and healthy youth development.
Self-Determination Through Circus Arts: Exploring Youth Development in a Novel Activity Context
Authors: Agans Jennifer P. , Davis Jacqueline L. , Vazou Spyridoula , Jarus Tal
Published: September 2019

Youth development takes place in many contexts, with different resulting participant outcomes. Broadening the scope of research to include non-traditional contexts such as youth circus arts programs, which are both similar to and different from other out-of-school-time contexts, may promote better understanding of the ways in which these programs impact youth development. The present study examined the prevalence of support for basic psychological needs and positive developmental outcomes among youth circus program participants. Single time-point quantitative surveys were completed by 111 youth members of the American Youth Circus Organization (62% female), ranging in age from 10 to 21. Results indicated psychological need support predicted positive developmental outcomes. Relatedness was the strongest predictor of intrinsic motivation, affect, and positive youth development. This study illustrates a novel way in which physical activity and youth development can be integrated in youth programs. It contributes to the understanding of youths’ self-determined motivation in physical activities and points to the importance of examining under-studied youth activity contexts such as circus arts.
Life Skill Development and Financial Impact Associated With a Youth Livestock Sales Program
Authors: Evans Holly , Jousan Dean , Memili Erdogan , Beckman Leigh , Nicodemus Molly
Published: September 2019

The Sale of Junior Champions is a premier livestock auction and youth scholarship program held at Dixie Nationals as a part of Mississippi’s junior livestock program. The sale is open to 4-H and FFA members who qualified their livestock at the annual Dixie National Junior Round-Up. While youth livestock sales programs are commonly found at state and county fairs throughout the United States, demographic information and information concerning financial and life skill impacts of the program on participants is limited. Therefore, a survey instrument for the 2018 sale was designed to determine how the event has impacted the financial burden of continued education and life skill development of youth participants. Paper and electronic surveys were distributed during and after the event. Responses (n = 176) reflected a diverse group of participants including 4-H/FFA members (22%), parents of youth (22%), volunteers (21%), Extension employees/FFA advisors (22%), sale buyers/sponsors (12%), and others (2%). Most participants (45%) were older (40-60 years old). Almost half of the respondents (43%) had attended the sale 6 or more times, while 10% were first-time attendees. A driving force for attendance appeared to be the scholarships as 33% received or had a youth receiving a scholarship. Program participation promoted improvement in all life skills measured. Future educational goals in youths were reported to be positively impacted by sale participation (p < 0.001). Understanding of sale participant demographics and financial and life skill impacts will assist in program justification, future program growth, and identifying groups where participation can be strengthened.
Using the Delphi Technique to Determine Challenges Facing Oklahoma’s 4-H Program
Authors: Young Kristin , Sallee Jeff , Ramsey Jon , Cartmell Dwayne
Published: September 2019

As youth development organizations continue to evolve and grow, professionals are faced with the challenges to address the ever-changing needs of their clientele. In order to maintain the longevity of the Oklahoma 4-H program, Extension professionals must address challenges prohibiting, discouraging, or discontinuing participation of youth, families, and volunteers in the program. Additionally, state administrators should examine the challenges their staff face in efforts to execute the mission of 4-H Youth Development. A modified Delphi technique was employed in this study to determine the challenges facing Oklahoma 4-H. Two expert panels were used in this study: Extension educators and 4-H volunteers (Panel 1) and 4-H parents (Panel 2). After 3 rounds of the Delphi technique, Panel 1 identified 11 challenges and Panel 2 identified 9 challenges facing Oklahoma 4-H in the next 5 years. There were 8 identical challenges identified by both panels. These 8 challenges represent priorities for Oklahoma 4-H to address. This study could be replicated in any state to confirm the challenges facing youth development organizations. This research study indicates these findings may be widespread and affect other youth development organizations across the nation beyond the Oklahoma 4-H program.
Social, Emotional, and Ethical Learning: A Curriculum that Educates the Heart and Mind
Authors: Borden Lynne
Published: September 2019

Given the growing interest in providing social and emotional learning opportunities within after-school and youth programs, identifying high-quality and innovative learning materials is critical. This review of the newly launched Social, Emotional, and Ethical Learning framework and curriculum, developed at Emory University, provides an overview of this curriculum and its potential use in after-school and youth programs. This comprehensive learning system includes curriculum for young people from kindergarten through 12th grade and an online professional development site for those who deliver the curriculum.
Moving From Risk to Hope: Count Us In
Authors: Moroney Deborah A.
Published: September 2019

In “Moving From Risk to Hope: Count Us In,” the author describes the report entitled From a Nation at Risk to a Nation at Hope released in January 2019 by the Aspen Institute National Commission on Social, Emotional, and Academic Development. The report and related brief, Building Partnerships in Support of Where, When, and How Learning Happens offer recommendations for how the education sector can support social and emotional learning and development. This article offers a reflection on the Nation at Hope report recommendations for the youth development field and professionals. There are significant opportunities for the youth development field to partner with other sectors, intentionally support social and emotional learning, train professional staff on strategies to support learning and development, and research our efforts in ways that are accessible and foster practice. It is a critical and hopeful time for the youth development field to honor our history, employ the recommendations in the report, and build our youth development knowledge and practice in light of what we now know about how to optimally foster learning and development.
O PROCESSO JUDICIAL ELETRONICO, O DIREITO AO DESENVOLVIMENTO E A BOA GOVERNANÇA: O CAMINHO PARA A SUSTENTABILIDADE
Authors: Estanislau Fernanda Netto , Gomes Magno Frederici
Published: September 2019

O presente artigo estuda o Processo Judicial eletrônico, o direito ao desenvolvimento e a boa governança como um possível caminho para a sustentabilidade. O texto procura abordar a preocupação da diminuição de gastos e da busca pela transparência e a distância entre a sustentabilidade e o acesso ao Poder Judiciário. Trata-se de um artigo teórico-documental, com técnica dedutiva, com cotejamento das leis existentes e doutrina sobre a boa governança. O estudo propõe uma reflexão sobre a implantação do Processo Judicial eletrônico e a responsabilidade da sociedade frente ao desafio da sustentabilidade e da manutenção de garantias constitucionais, busca-se entender o que é preciso para se efetivar a governança no Processo Judicial eletrônico e se apenas as resoluções do Conselho Nacional de Justiça serão capazes de implementar a boa governança. Conclui-se que tanto o direito ao desenvolvimento quanto a existência de uma boa governança só se fazem possível diante do respeito dos direitos fundamentais, da garantia de participação de todos, da transparência em todos os atos e na justiça social.
O NOVO CONSTITUCIONALISMO LATINO-AMERICANO E AS INOVAÇÕES SOBRE OS DIREITOS DA NATUREZA NA CONSTITUIÇÃO EQUATORIANA
Authors: Borges Gustavo Silveira , Carvalho Marina Moura Lisboa Carneiro de Farias
Published: September 2019

A presente pesquisa pretende analisar o Novo Constitucionalismo latino-americano, movimento constitucional nascido nas terras ameríndias, tem como consequência as diversas modificações inseridas nas atuais Constituições de alguns países da América Latina, tais como a mudança de tratamento por parte do Estado Nacional aos grupos excluídos (índios, negros, afrodescendentes, etc.), o reconhecimento da diversidade cultural, do pluralismo jurídico, de uma maior participação popular na resolução dos problemas sociais, entre outros. As Constituições que mais representam este novo constitucionalismo são os Textos Políticos do Equador (2008) e da Bolívia (2009). Referência para o novo constitucionalismo, a Constituição do Equador consagra o ecocentrismo em oposição ao antropocentrismo, uma vez que torna a natureza sujeito de direitos, garantindo o direito à sua restauração quando violada. Tal abordagem tem o intuito de responder se a positivação dos direitos da natureza na Constituição do Equador de 2008 será realmente eficaz na proteção e restauração dos danos ambientais? Neste cenário, objetiva-se com o presente trabalho compreender se a inovação trazida pela Magna Carta Equatoriana está sendo efetivamente cumprida. Concluiu-se, no entanto, que as decisões judiciais reconhecendo os direitos da natureza não foram integralmente acolhidas, apesar da relevância da temática. Na elaboração deste artigo, utilizou-se o método de abordagem dedutivo, mediante pesquisa bibliográfica.