bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Start with the cage’: coercive control and the Roman husband
Authors: Cowan Eleanor
Published: September 2024

This chapter investigates domestic violence in the ancient world by making use of the expanded understanding of the abusive relationship between perpetrator and victim offered by the concept of coercive control. Coercive control describes a pattern of behaviour which may include acts of physical violence, but also non-physical emotional, psychological and financial abuse. I offer four case-studies, each of which takes as its starting point a behaviour associated with coercive control: (1) patriarchal entitlement; (2) patterns of abuse; (3) intimate partner homicide; and (4) non-physical abuse. A broader definition of domestic violence allows us better to understand the abuse (physical and non-physical) experienced by victims in the ancient world and encourages greater sensitivity to the experience of modern victim-survivors of domestic abuse and the ways in which these modern readers (including our students) may interpret ancient evidence.
Decoding recurrent pregnancy loss: insights from comparative proteomics studies
Authors: Davalieva Katarina , Kocarev Damjan , Plaseska-Karanfilska Dijana
Published: September 2024

Recurrent pregnancy loss represents a common disorder that affects up to 2% of the women aiming at childbirth with long-term consequences on family and society. Factors contributing to it in more than half of the cases are still unknown. Comparative proteomic analysis can provide new insights into the biological pathways underlining the pathogenesis of recurrent pregnancy loss. Until now, chorionic villi, decidua, placenta, endometrium, and maternal blood from women with recurrent pregnancy loss have been analyzed by comparative proteomics studies. In this review, we aimed to provide a critical evaluation of the published comparative studies of recurrent pregnancy loss on human samples, gathered by systematic literature search using PubMed and Google Scholar databases. We provide a detailed overview of the analyzed materials, proteomics platforms, proposed candidate biomarkers and altered pathways and processes linked with recurrent pregnancy loss. The top, most identified and validated biomarker candidates from all studies are discussed, followed by bioinformatics analysis of the available high-throughput data and presentation of common altered processes and pathways in recurrent pregnancy loss. Finally, future directions aimed at developing new and efficient therapeutic strategies are discussed as well.
Effect of Behavior-Change Interventions on Daily Physical Activity in Patients with Intermittent Claudication: The OPTIMA Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Abaraogu Ukachukwu O , Dall Philippa , Seenan Chris , Rhodes Sarah , Gorely Trish , McParland Joanna , Brittenden Julie , Anieto Ebuka M , Booth Lorna , Gormal Cathy , Dearling Jeremy , Fenton Candida , Audsley Sarah , Fairer Kimberley , Bearne Lindsay , Skelton Dawn A
Published: September 2024

Aims

The study aimed to synthesize evidence of daily physical activity (PA) following Behavior-change technique (BCT)-based interventions compared to any control in individuals with peripheral arterial disease/intermittent claudication (PAD/IC); and examine the relationship between BCTs and daily PA.

Methods and results

Systematic search of 11 databases from inception to 30/11/2022 was conducted, plus weekly email alerts of new literature until 31/8/2023. Studies comparing BCT-based interventions with any control were included. Primary analysis involved a pairwise random-effects meta-analysis. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane-RoB-2 and ROBINS-I tools. Certainty of evidence was evaluated with the GRADE system. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guideline was followed. Outcome measures were short-term (<6 months) change in daily PA, and maintenance of the daily PA (6 months or longer) reported as standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). Forty-one studies (4339 patients; 26 RCTs/3357 patients; 15 non-RCTs/982 patients; study mean age 60.3 to 73.8, 29.5% female) were included. Eleven RCTs (15 comparisons, 952 participants) suggested that BCT-based interventions increased daily PA in the short term compared to non-SET [increase of 0.20 SMD (95%CI: 0.07 to 0.33), ∼473 steps/day] with high certainty. Evidence of maintenance of daily PA (≥6 months) is unclear [increase of 0.12 SMD (95%CI: −0.04 to 0.29); ∼288 steps/day; 6RCTs, 8 comparisons, 899 participants], with moderate certainty. For daily PA, compared to SET it was inconclusive both for < 6months change [−0.13 SMD, 95%CI: −0.43 to 0.16); 3RCTs, 269 participants; low certainty] and ≥6months [−0.04 SMD, 95%CI: −0.55 to 0.47); 1 RCT, 89 participants; very low certainty]. It was unclear whether the number of BCTs or any BCT domain was independently related to an increase in PA.

Conclusion

BCT-based interventions improve short-term daily PA in people with PAD/IC compared to non-SET controls. Evidence for maintenance of the improved PA at 6 months or longer and comparison with SET is uncertain. BCT-based interventions are effective choices for enhancing daily PA in PAD/IC.
Assembly and annotation of a chromosome-level reference genome for the endangered Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius)
Authors: Mussmann Steven M
Published: September 2024

Advancements in genome sequencing technology have brought unprecedented accessibility of high-throughput sequencing to species of conservation interest. The potential knowledge gained from application of these techniques is maximized by availability of high-quality, annotated reference genomes for endangered species. However, these vital resources are often lacking for endangered minnows of North America (Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae). One such endangered species, Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius), is the largest North American minnow and the top-level native aquatic predator in the Colorado River Basin of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. Over the past century, Colorado pikeminnow has suffered habitat loss and population declines due to anthropogenic habitat modifications and invasive species introductions. The lack of genetic resources for Colorado pikeminnow has hindered conservation genomic study of this unique organism. This study seeks to remedy this issue by presenting a high-quality reference genome for Colorado pikeminnow developed from Pacific Biosciences HiFi sequencing and Hi-C scaffolding. The final assembly was a 1.1 Gb genome comprised of 305 contigs including 25 chromosome-sized scaffolds. Measures of quality, contiguity, and completeness met or exceeded those observed for Danio rerio (Danionidae) and 2 other Colorado River Basin leuciscids (Meda fulgida and Tiaroga cobitis). Comparative genomic analyses identified enrichment of gene families for growth, development, immune activity, and gene transcription; all of which are important for a large-bodied piscivorous fish living in a dynamic environment. This reference genome will provide a basis for important conservation genomic study of Colorado pikeminnow and help efforts to better understand the evolution of desert fishes.
Integrated genome-wide association and transcriptomic studies reveal genetic architecture of bulb storability of plentiful garlic germplasm resources
Authors: Zhu Yue , Jia Huixia , Song Jiangping , Zhang Tingting , Zhang Xiaohui , Yang Wenlong , Tan Yumin , Wang Mengzhen , Zang Jiyan , Wang Haiping
Published: September 2024

Garlic is a widely utilized condiment and health product. However, garlic bulbs are prone to quality deterioration resulting in decrease of economic value during postharvest. In this study, the storability of 501 garlic accessions worldwide was evaluated based on the examination of decay index (DI), decay rate, sprouting rate, and bud-to-clove ratio in two consecutive years. The DI was employed as a primary index for evaluating the storability of garlic. Among these garlic, 43 accessions exhibited strong storability with DI of 0%–5%. Phenotypic and cytological observations revealed that strong storability accessions displayed delayed sprouting and decay, a slow rate of nutrient transfer to vascular bundles. Through genome-wide association study (GWAS), 234 single-nucleotide polymorphism loci (SNPs) were associated with the storability, which were located in or near 401 genes, which were annotated the functions of resistance, storage substances transport, etc. A total of 44 genes were screened using selective sweep analysis. Transcriptomic analysis was performed at four periods after storage in the 8N035 accession with strong storability and 8N258 accession with weak storability. Compared with 8N035, the upregulated genes in the 8N258 were enriched in photosynthesis and stress response, whereas the downregulated genes were enriched in response of biotic and abiotic stress and defense response. A co-expression network and GWAS identified three hub genes as key regulatory genes. Conjoint analysis of GWAS, selective sweep, and transcriptomic analysis identified 21 important candidate genes. These findings provided excellent resources with storability and vital candidate genes regulating storability for biological breeding of garlic.
Industry price guarantees for publicly funded medicines: learning from Project NextGen for pandemics and beyond
Authors: Lynch Holly Fernandez , Conti Rena M , Contreras Jorge L
Published: September 2024

The affordability of publicly funded medicines has been a longstanding concern. In 2023, the Biden administration took several steps on this front, including incorporation of a price constraint in an agreement between the US Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. to develop a new COVID-19 monoclonal antibody. The agreement included a ‘Most Favored Nation’ (MFN) clause in which Regeneron agreed that the US commercial list price of certain products developed using BARDA funding would not exceed their retail price in comparable global markets. The Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response (ASPR) included similar language in subsequent agreements, with a promise that this would become a new standard. Even beyond the preparedness context, government funders and purchasers might consider incorporating similar clauses in future contracts, especially given that the Regeneron agreement and its progeny have been praised as ‘groundbreaking.’ Yet a closer look reveals cause for skepticism. Regeneron’s MFN clause includes several loopholes related to covered purchasers and reference countries, prices, and conditions. We describe agreement terms that can make the difference between legally meaningful price constraints and mere window dressing. Our critical analysis offers important lessons for future efforts to improve the affordability of medical technology developed with public funds.
Development of a localized surface plasmon–enhanced electron beam–pumped nanoscale light source for electron beam excitation–assisted optical microscopy
Authors: Nakamura Atsushi , Shiba Shunpei , Hosomi Kei , Ono Atsushi , Kawata Yoshimasa , Inami Wataru
Published: September 2024

We have demonstrated localized surface plasmon (LSP)–enhanced cathodoluminescence (CL) from an atomic layer deposition–grown Al2O3/ZnO/Al2O3 heterostructure to develop a bright nanometer-scale light source for an electron beam excitation–assisted optical microscope. Three types of metals, Ag, Al and Au, were compared, and an 181-fold enhancement of CL emission was achieved with Ag nanoparticles, with the plasmon resonance wavelength close to the emission wavelength energy of ZnO. The enhanced emission is plausibly attributed to LSP/exciton coupling. However, it is also attributed to an increase in coupling efficiency with penetration depth and also to an increase in light extraction efficiency by grading the refractive indices at the heterostructure.
Diaphragmatic rupture due to massive gastric volvulus after robotic-assisted diaphragm plication
Authors: De Gregorio Anthony M , Shen K Robert , Tapias Luis F
Published: September 2024

Gastric volvulus has been rarely associated with diaphragmatic paralysis or eventration. In this article, we present the case of a patient with idiopathic paralysis of the left hemidiaphragm that underwent treatment with a robotic thoracoscopic diaphragm plication, which was complicated by massive gastric volvulus resulting in such significant intra-abdominal hypertension that the ipsilateral diaphragm ruptured anterior to the plication suture line.
Safety and efficacy of minimally invasive posterior cervical fusion: a single center, single surgeon retrospective review
Authors: Crabill George A , Derouen Kaleb , Shelvin Kierany B , Wilson John M , Tender Gabriel C
Published: September 2024

Standard posterior cervical fusion is a common surgical technique that utilizes lateral mass screws and rods for fixation. A relatively new, minimally invasive technique involving interfacet decortication and placement of spacers has shown promise in terms of outcomes. We sought to determine fusion rates and complications of this new technique at our institution to bolster current literature. We retrospectively reviewed all patients that underwent a 3-level or less minimally invasive posterior cervical fusions by a single surgeon. Patients were evaluated to determine fusion rates and postoperative complications. Twenty-eight patients underwent minimally invasive posterior cervical fusion. Twenty-seven demonstrated fusion (96%). One patient that underwent the procedure for juxta-fusional disease required additional surgery for pseudoarthrosis. The minimally invasive posterior cervical technique results in favorable fusion rates and has low complication rates. Our study strengthens current literature that this minimally invasive technique is a safe and effective alternative.
Introduction to Chapter VIII
Authors: Walter Christian
Published: September 2024

This chapter discusses Chapter VIII of the UN Charter, which regulates the relationship between the UN and regional organizations with regard to matters relating to international peace and security. It describes the provisions in Chapter VIII that reflect a compromise based on the experience under the Covenant of the League of Nations that was struck in Dumbarton Oaks and San Francisco between adherents of a centralized responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security. It also notes Articles in the Charter that are devoted to regional arrangements and that address different aspects of the relationship between the UN and regional organizations. The chapter recounts how the UN inherited the latent conflict between universalism and regionalism from its predecessor organization, the League of Nations. It discusses how the Cold War impaired the proper use of Chapter VIII as regional arrangements on occasion worked against resolving disputes in the manner foreseen in the Charter.
A Pictorial Review of Spinal Trauma: Part 1
Authors: Rao Pranay , Ahmad Attia , Jetty Sankarsh , Kessler Alexander
Published: September 2024

Trauma is a frequent cause of visits to the emergency department with blunt trauma making up approximately 40% of all visits and penetrating trauma making up approximately 12% of all visits. Despite increased imaging utilization, including cross-sectional imaging, injuries to the spine are missed with spinal cord injuries missed in 4% to 9% of patients. Knowledge of common fracture patterns and mechanisms of injury is crucial to reducing the miss rate and making an accurate and timely diagnosis. In this part 1 of a 2-part series, we provide a review of subaxial and thoracolumbar fracture patterns.
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Regulates Interleukin-6-Induced Lipoprotein (a) Gene Expression in Human HepG2 Cells
Authors: Harb Tarek , Ziogos Efthymios , Amat-Alarcon Núria , Lai Shenghan , Gerstenblith Gary , Arvanitis Marios , Leucker Thorsten M.
Published: September 2024

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a risk factor for coronary disease. Although levels are primarily genetically determined, data from patients with inflammatory diseases indicate that the inflammatory milieu is associated with increased Lp(a) levels. Lp(a) is synthesized in the liver and the LPA gene promoter contains an interleukin-6 (IL-6) responsive binding site, but the regulatory steps linking inflammation with hepatic Lp(a) synthesis are not well clarified. We explored the interplay between IL-6, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and Lp(a) synthesis in HepG2 cells. Through genetic mapping, a regulatory variant within the LPA promoter overlapping with a PPARγ binding site was identified. In in vitro experiments, IL-6-mediated LPA gene transcription was heightened with PPARγ knock-down and suppressed with pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist. These results demonstrate an important role of PPARγ as a negative regulator of IL-6-induced hepatic Lp(a) production and may represent a new therapeutic target for patients with inflammatory conditions characterized by elevated Lp(a).
Barotrauma in COVID-19 patients requiring oxygen: a single-center retrospective study in Vietnam
Authors: Phuong Phuong Pham Phan , Thuan Phan Quang , Thanh Sang Nguyen , Minh Hieu Dang , Minh Khoi Le
Published: September 2024

Background:

This study aimed to investigate the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes associated with barotrauma in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients who required oxygen support, specifically using high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). The authors also explored intervention strategies for the management of barotrauma and its impact on mortality risk.

Methods:

The retrospective study included a total of 381 patients with COVID-19 who required treatment in the ICU and received oxygen therapy via HFNC and IMV between July 2021 and October 2021. Retrospective data collection was conducted to record patient outcomes, including survival upon discharge from the ICU or in-ICU mortality.

Results:

Among the 381 patients, 203 received IMV, while 178 were placed on HFNC ventilation. The average age of our patient cohort was 62.1 years±15, with females constituting 54.1% of the study population. The incidence of barotrauma was observed in 8.7% of cases. Patients with barotrauma experienced a 3.3-fold increase in mortality rates and a statistically significant prolongation of their ICU stay. Notably, there was no significant difference in the 90-day survival rate between the groups with and without barotrauma.

Conclusion:

Barotrauma is a common complication in COVID-19 patients receiving mechanical ventilation. In comparison to intubated COVID-19 patients without barotrauma, those with barotrauma face an increased risk of mortality and prolonged ICU stays.
Double vs single plating could not improve the functional recovery of type C distal radius fractures involved with radial column: a preliminary retrospective cohort study (PRCS)
Authors: Shan Lei , Wang Hanzhou , Diao Shuo , Zhou Junlin , Wang Dong
Published: September 2024

Background:

This study compared the curative effects of double plates (volar plate combined with radial column plate) and single plate (volar plate) on type C distal radius fractures involved with radial column.

Methods:

A 5-years retrospective cohort study was conducted in patients with distal radius fractures involved with radial column from January 2016 to January 2021. The single plate group patients were 5:1 matched with the double plates group patients according to the age and sex. Primary outcome was the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire. Besides, the secondary outcomes were wrist and forearm motion, grip, antiradial deviation muscle strength, visual analog scale, postoperative complications, and radiographic outcomes.

Results:

A total of 54 patients (double plates group 9 and single plate group 45) were included. All the patients were completed with a 12 months follow-up. There was no statistical difference between the two groups on DASH scores, wrist flexion, extension, ulnar deviation, radial deviation, forearm pronation and supination, grip strength, antiradial deviation muscle strength at 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery (P>0.05). In addition, there was no statistical difference in postoperative visual analog scale scores between the two groups. In radiographic outcomes, the radial inclination and radius height of the double plate group were better than those of the single plate group at 1, 3, and 12 months after operation (P<0.05). Both two groups patients had no postoperative complications occurrence.

Conclusions:

Double plate fixation did not improve the functional recovery of type C distal radius fractures involved radial column, although the radial column was fixed more firmly.
Clinicopathologic features, demographics, disease burden, and therapeutics in alopecic sarcoidosis: a case series and systematic review
Authors: Obijiofor Chinemelum , Sikora Michelle , Moshiri Ata S. , Alam Mariam , Lo Sicco Kristen I. , Imadojemu Sotonye , Caplan Avrom S.
Published: September 2024

Background:

Alopecic sarcoidosis is an uncommon cutaneous manifestation of sarcoidosis. Scarring and nonscarring alopecic sarcoidosis have been reported; however, information on the epidemiology, systemic disease associations, and treatment efficacy is limited.

Objective:

To address these gaps, we conducted a retrospective chart review and systematic literature review of alopecic sarcoidosis cases.

Methods:

Full-text English publications from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar from inception to August 2023 were analyzed. Treatment evidence quality was assessed using the modified Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine rating scale. Three patients with biopsy-proven alopecic sarcoidosis were included as a case series, all demonstrating systemic sarcoidosis and 2 requiring multiple therapies. Among 1778 search results, 60 articles representing 77 cases of alopecic and scalp sarcoidosis were included. Patients were categorized into 4 distinct alopecic subgroups. Black patients constituted the majority of all subgroups.

Results:

Extracutaneous sarcoidosis burden was high across all alopecic subgroups, with ocular disease appearing overrepresented. Topical and oral corticosteroids were the main treatments. Though scarring alopecia patients had poor outcomes despite receiving immunomodulators/cx, limited data suggest potential efficacy of tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors.

Limitations:

This study has a small sample size.

Conclusion:

Our findings underscore the importance of evidence-based strategies for improving alopecic sarcoidosis management. Prompt diagnosis and systemic evaluation, especially for scarring alopecia, are essential for timely intervention to optimize patient outcomes.
Diagnostic Value and Safety of Addition of Transbronchial Needle Aspiration to Transbronchial Biopsy Through Endobronchial Ultrasonography Using a Guide Sheath Under Virtual Bronchoscopic Navigation for the Diagnosis of Peripheral Pulmonary Lesions
Authors: Ito Takayasu , Nishida Kazuki , Iwano Shingo , Okachi Shotaro , Nakamura Shota , Morise Masahiro , Yoshikawa Fengshi Toyofumi Chen , Ishii Makoto
Published: September 2024

Background:

The diagnostic yield of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs) through endobronchial ultrasonography with a guide sheath transbronchial biopsy (EBUS-GS TBB) under virtual bronchoscopic navigation is unsatisfactory because radial EBUS probe is not always located within the lesion. Transbronchial needle aspiration with a guide sheath (GS-TBNA) has the potential to overcome the lower diagnostic yield by improving the relationship between the probe and the lesion and enabling repeated sampling while maintaining the location of a GS near the lesion. However, there are few data regarding the diagnostic yield and safety for diagnosing PPLs in this procedure.

Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed consecutive 363 lesions (83 lesions underwent GS-TBNA/EBUS-GS TBB and 280 lesions underwent EBUS-GS TBB) at our institution between April 1, 2019 and March 31, 2022. We investigated the diagnostic efficacy and complications of GS-TBNA/EBUS-GS TBB and compared them with those of EBUS-GS TBB.

Results:

The lesion size, distance from the hilum, presence of bronchus leading to the lesion, and EBUS images during the examination differed significantly between the two procedures. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for these 4 covariates revealed that GS-TBNA/EBUS-GS TBB was a significant factor affecting the diagnostic success of PPLs compared with EBUS-GS TBB (odds ratio=2.43, 95% CI=1.16-5.07, P=0.018). Neither procedure differed significantly in terms of complications (6.0% vs. 5.7%, P>0.999).

Conclusion:

GS-TBNA performed in addition to EBUS-GS TBB might be a promising sampling method for improving the diagnostic yield for PPLs without increasing the incidence of complications.
Long-Term Follow-Up After Translabyrinthine IAC Tumor Removal With Simultaneous Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Gadenstaetter Anselm Joseph , Auinger Alice Barbara , Gerlitz Matthias , Riss Dominik , Yildiz Erdem , Roessler Karl , Matula Christian , Dahm Valerie , Arnoldner Christoph
Published: September 2024

Objective

To evaluate the long-term hearing outcome after translabyrinthine resection of tumors within the internal auditory canal (IAC) with simultaneous cochlear implantation (CI).

Study Design

Prospective study.

Setting

Tertiary referral center.

Patients

Thirty-seven patients with tumors of the IAC undergoing translabyrinthine tumor surgery as a first-line therapy.

Intervention(s)

Intraoperatively, electrically evoked auditory brainstem response audiometry (eABR) was performed in all patients to assess cochlear nerve (CN) integrity. In case of preserved CN function after tumor removal, CI was subsequently performed. Postoperatively, patients were regularly followed up to evaluate pure-tone hearing as well as speech recognition with a monosyllabic word comprehension test.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Postoperative hearing thresholds and word recognition scores.

Results

Of 37 included patients, 22 (59.46%) had positive eABR responses after tumor removal. Twenty-one of these underwent simultaneous CI directly after tumor surgery and were followed-up for 24.24 ± 19.83 months after surgery. Hearing of these patients significantly improved from 73.87 ± 21.40 dB preoperatively to a mean pure-tone average of 41.56 ± 18.87 dB 1 year (p= 0.0008) and 34.58 ± 2.92 dB 3 years after surgery (p= 0.0157). Speech recognition significantly recovered from 13.33 ± 25.41% to 58.93 ± 27.61% 1 year (p= 0.0012) and 51.67 ± 28.58% 3 years postoperatively (p= 0.0164).

Conclusions

Regardless of tumor histopathology, CI is an effective option to restore patients' hearing after translabyrinthine tumor surgery. After CI, patients hearing can be restored over a long-term period of a minimum of 3 years post-surgery. Furthermore, eABR proves to be a practical tool to evaluate CN function and screen for patients eligible for CI.
Continuity of Health Insurance Coverage and Sexually Transmitted Infection Screening Among US Women
Authors: Sobon Holly , Myers-Miller Isabel , Tumin Dmitry
Published: September 2024

Background

In the United States, gaps in health care insurance coverage correlate with lower use of preventive care. We aimed to determine whether part-year or year-round uninsurance was associated with lower use of testing for sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Methods

We identified women aged 19 to 49 years in the 2017–2019 National Survey of Family Growth. Completion of any STI testing in the past year and location of STI testing were regressed on pattern of insurance coverage, classified as continuous private, continuous public, part-year uninsured, or year-round uninsured.

Results

Based on the analytic sample (N = 4119), 12% of women aged 19 to 49 years experienced part-year uninsurance, and 8% experienced year-round uninsurance, whereas 31% received an STI test in the past year. On multivariable analysis, respondents with part-year uninsurance were the group most likely to have received STI testing (odds ratio compared with continuous private coverage, 1.56; 95% confidence interval, 1.09–2.23; P = 0.015), whereas respondents with year-round uninsurance were the group least likely to receive STI testing (odds ratio vs. continuous private coverage, 0.37; 95% confidence interval, 0.25–0.55; P < 0.001). Year-round uninsurance was associated with higher likelihood of receiving a test at locations other than public or private clinics, such as at a hospital or at an in-store clinic.

Conclusions

Low use of STI testing among women with year-round uninsurance indicates a need for expanded insurance coverage and greater access to STI testing. However, high rates of STI testing among women with part-year uninsurance challenge the presumed association of insurance continuity with higher uptake of preventive care.
Forensic Pathologists and Clinical Trauma Reviews
Authors: Weyrauch Deland , Nunez Jacqueline , Borck Christopher C. , Gates Jonathan , Nelson Monika , Jones Tyler J. , Henneberry Lisa , Gill James R.
Published: September 2024

As a powerful tool for discovering and documenting injury, the forensic autopsy has been incorporated into trauma care quality improvement. Autopsy findings are used to determine the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and Injury Severity Score (ISS) to assess a patient's trauma severity. Clinical trauma services use autopsy reports to educate, improve patient care, and strengthen the information used in epidemiological and injury prevention studies. However, there is sometimes a disconnect between the forensic pathologist's injury descriptions and the information needed by the trauma service and for AIS/ISS coding.

We formed a collaboration between forensic pathologists and trauma teams to improve this communication. Accordingly, we describe injuries that are commonly overlooked or poorly described in autopsy reports, useful injury terminology, opportunities for trauma care improvement revealed by autopsies, and which medical examiner/coroner cases will most benefit from attention to specific injury details. We demonstrate how differences in injury description impact AIS/ISS results, and distill the detailed AIS manual into a pragmatic, concise, “quick reference” autopsy-directed guide for the forensic pathologist. Collaborations between trauma teams and forensic pathologists benefit each other and help communicate autopsy findings in a more clinically useful way to stakeholders to further benefit the living.
The effects of opioid tapering on select endocrine measures in men and women with head and neck cancer—a longitudinal 12-month study
Authors: Kallman Thomas F. , Bäckryd Emmanuel
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Opioid treatment may affect endocrine measures in humans either through centrally or peripherally mediated mechanisms. There is a general lack of longitudinal studies examining endocrine measures in opioid-treated patients.

Objectives:

To longitudinally follow the levels of select endocrine measures in men and women with head and neck cancer for 1 year, who after having completed radiotherapy began tapering opioids.

Methods:

This was a prospective, longitudinal, observational study. Testosterone and estradiol were measured in men and women, respectively. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and prolactin were measured in both sexes. Women were grouped based on if premenopausal or postmenopausal. Samples were collected when opioid tapering started and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after tapering start. Daily opioid doses at the same time points were registered.

Results:

Twenty-five men and 12 women were followed for 12 months. In men, testosterone levels increased significantly during the first month after opioid tapering started (P < 0.001). Levels of testosterone, FSH, DHEAS, and prolactin changed significantly in men during the study period. A moderate correlation between opioid dose reduction and testosterone level increase in men aged ≤60 years was found (r
s = −0.577, 95% CI −0.854 to −0.044, P = 0.039). In postmenopausal women (n = 10), levels of FSH and LH changed significantly during the study period.

Conclusion:

Previously known effects of opioids on endocrine measures in humans seem to be reversible as select endocrine measures changed significantly in men and postmenopausal women after opioid tapering was initiated.
Increased Risk and Unique Clinical Course of Patient Safety Indicator-3 Pressure Injuries Among COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Cowart Jennifer B. , De Frías Jorge Sinclair , Pollock Benjamin D. , Knepper Camille , Sammon Nora , Jonna Sadhana , Singh Trisha , Bhakta Shivang , Olivero Lorenzo , Ochoa Shari , Ramar Kannan , Franco Pablo Moreno
Published: September 2024

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic introduced unique challenges to healthcare systems, particularly in relation to patient safety and adverse events during hospitalization. There is limited understanding of COVID-19’s association with some patient safety indicators (PSIs).

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 infection on the rate of PSI-3 events and its implications on quality metrics. We compared PSI-3 event rates between COVID-19–infected and uninfected patients and examined the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients experiencing PSI-3 events.

Methods

This is a retrospective study at Mayo Clinic hospitals between January 2020 and February 2022, analyzing patients meeting PSI-3 denominator eligibility criteria. PSI-3 events were identified using AHRQ WinQI software. Patients were categorized based on COVID-19 status. Patient demographics, characteristics, and PSI-3 rates were compared. A case series analysis described clinical details of COVID-19 patients with PSI-3 events.

Results

Of 126,781 encounters meeting PSI-3 criteria, 8674 (6.8%) had acute COVID-19 infection. COVID-19–infected patients were older, more likely to be male, non-white, and had private insurance. PSI-3 rates were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients (0.21% versus 0.06%, P < 0.0001), even after risk adjustment (adjusted risk ratio, 3.24, P < 0.0001). The case series of 17 COVID-19 patients with PSI-3 events showed distinctive clinical characteristics, including higher medical device–related pressure injuries, and greater predisposition for head, face, and neck region.

Conclusions

Acute COVID-19 infection correlates with higher PSI-3 event rates. Current quality indicators may require adaptation to address the pandemic’s complexities and impact on patient safety. Further research is needed to comprehensively understand the intricate relationship between COVID-19 and patient outcomes.
Mechanism of Sishen Pills-Tongxie Yaofang in the treatment of ulcerative colitis based on network pharmacology and experimental verification
Authors: Liu Haifan , Feng Xue , Wang Dunfang , Liu Li , Liu Yaqing , Liu Bin , Zhu Lin , Zhang Caijuan , Yang Weipeng
Published: September 2024

Background

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a diffuse nonspecific intestinal inflammation. Spleen-kidney Yang deficiency combined with liver stagnation is the most common symptom. Sishen Pills-Tongxie Yaofang (SSP-TXYF) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that is widely used in the treatment of this symptom. However, its pharmacological mechanism and active components remain unclear.

Objective

This study elucidated the potential mechanism and active components of SSP-TXYF in the treatment of UC from the perspective of TCM syndrome.

Methods

Metascape, STRING, and Cytoscape were used to explore the SSP-TXYF-compound-target-UC network and biological enrichment pathways, so as to screen the active compounds, key targets, and pathways of SSP-TXYF. Through the construction of a rat model with UC, the key targets and active components were verified after SSP-TXYF administration.

Results

A total of 77 effective active chemical components, 208 potential targets, and 5 core target genes were screened out. Gene Ontology biological process items and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes signaling pathways showed that SSP-TXYF played a role in regulating nerve-endocrine, cell proliferation and apoptosis, and immune-related pathways. The main compounds and the target protein exhibited a good binding ability in molecular docking. The results of animal experiments showed that SSP-TXYF could improve UC through IL-6, AKT1, PTGS2, CASP3, and JUN, and nobiletin and wogonin were identified as the main active components.

Conclusions

This study suggests that nobiletin and wogonin are the main components of SSP -TXYF in the treatment of UC, which provides effective therapeutic targets and drugs for future clinical treatment of UC.
Aspergillus oesophagitis in a patient with solid tumors: a case report
Authors: Abi Rached Vanessa , Azar Karine , Gerges Sarah , Hallit Souheil , Akoury Elie , Chahine Georges , Hallit Rabih , Akiki Bassem , Rizk Rita
Published: September 2024

Oesophageal aspergillosis is a rare occurrence primarily documented in hematologic malignancies, and only rarely occurring among patients with solid tumours. In this case report, we present the unique case of an 81-year-old Lebanese man who had a remarkable medical history, including four solid tumours. The patient sought medical attention due to dysphagia and weight loss, prompting a gastroscopic examination that revealed a necrotic abscess at the oesophagogastric junction. Initial treatment with fluconazole and esomeprazole was administered, but the recurrence of similar symptoms led to a repeat gastroscopy, unveiling a diagnosis of Aspergillus oesophagitis. Intravenous voriconazole was promptly initiated; however, the patient developed a significant pericardial effusion and expired, with Aspergillus species identified in the pericardial fluid prior to patient expiring. This exceptional case emphasizes the importance of considering oesophageal aspergillosis in cancer patients who present with refractory symptoms such as epigastric pain, dysphagia, nausea, and vomiting, despite symptomatic treatment. Our findings underscore the need for increased awareness and the inclusion of gastrointestinal endoscopy as part of the diagnostic approach for this rare but potentially life-threatening condition.
Antimicrobial spectrum against wound pathogens and cytotoxicity of star-arranged poly-l-lysine-based antimicrobial peptide polymers
Authors: Doherty Aaron , Murphy Robert , Heise Andreas , Fitzpatrick Fidelma , Fitzgerald-Hughes Deirdre
Published: September 2024

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Quantum counterpart of equipartition theorem: A Möbius inversion approach
Authors: Tong Xin-Hai , Wang Yao
Published: September 2024

The equipartition theorem is crucial in classical statistical physics, and recent studies have revealed its quantum counterpart for specific systems. This raises the question: does a quantum counterpart of the equipartition theorem exist for any given system, and if so, what is its concrete form? In this Letter, we employ the Möbius inversion approach to address these questions, providing a criterion to determine whether a system adheres to the quantum counterpart of the equipartition theorem. If it does, the corresponding distribution function can be readily derived. Furthermore, we construct the fermionic version of the criterion in a manner analogous to the bosonic case.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Do institutional dimensions play a role in IT firms’ performance? Determining the influence of green entrepreneurial orientation and dynamic capabilities in a developing context
Authors: Abid Nabila , Aftab Junaid , Savastano Marco
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Drawing an inference from institutional theory and dynamic capabilities view, this study empirically examined the impact of three institutional dimensions (regulative, normative and cognitive) and green entrepreneurial orientation (GEO) on a business firm’s performance. In addition, the moderating effect of dynamic capabilities on the relationship between GEO and firm performance was also explored.

Design/methodology/approach

The data were collected from 527 information technology (IT) firms in Pakistan using paper–pencil questionnaires, and the hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling.

Findings

The findings showed that the regulative and normative institutional dimensions enhance GEO and firm performance in the selected developing country. However, the cognitive institutional dimension fails to report any substantial influence on GEO and firm performance. The findings raised concerns about lower individual accountability as well as the promotion of green practices and firm performance. In addition, dynamic capabilities positively moderate the GEO influence on firm performance.

Originality/value

With the interplay of institutional dimensions, GEO (as mediator) and dynamic capabilities (as moderator), this study developed and tested a unique framework to understand their influence on firm performance. Specifically, we extended the literature by giving evidence that among the three institutional dimensions, only regulative and normative are considered more important because of their direct and indirect (through GEO) positive effect on firm performance. In contrast, the cognitive institutional dimension failed to report any significant direct or indirect impact on firm performance in our study.
Assessing IoT integration in ICUs’ settings and management: a cross-country analysis among local healthcare organizations
Authors: Gagliardi Anna Roberta , Carrubbo Luca , Rozenes Shai , Fux Adi , Siano Daniela
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the effects of Internet of Things (IoT) technology on efficiency and patient care in Italian and Israeli intensive care units (ICUs). The goal is to study how IoT might improve care settings by controlling health dynamics and responding to life-threatening circumstances.

Design/methodology/approach

This survey-based research explores IoT use, challenges and adaptability in ICUs in both countries. Interviews and surveys of ICU health-care workers are used to get both quantitative and qualitative data on integrating experiences and perspectives.

Findings

The research found significant variations between Italy and Israel due to technology infrastructures and health-care practices. Israel shows a more concentrated deployment in a major medical centre with advanced but limited uptake, whereas Italy shows application throughout ICUs highlighting regional health-care system disparities. Interoperability, data security and IoT training are common difficulties.

Research limitations/implications

This research has limitations. One drawback is the geographical dispersion of study sites, with a bigger sample size in Italy than in Israel. This discrepancy may affect findings applicability. However, these preliminary findings provide a foundation for further research into the complexities of deploying IoT in various health-care settings.

Originality/value

This study compares IoT integration in two national health-care systems, adding to health-care technology literature. Regional variations affect technology adoption, but IoT may enhance ICU operations and patient care, according to one research. This study helps health-care practitioners, academics and policymakers understand the pros and cons of IoT in health care.
The impact of informational antecedents on Generation Z consumers’ evaluations of cross-border e-commerce transaction costs and purchase decisions
Authors: Lee Jung-Chieh , Xiong Liang nan
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Compared to traditional (domestic) e-commerce consumers, cross-border electronic commerce (CBEC) consumers may face greater information asymmetry in the CBEC purchase process. Given this background, however, the literature has paid limited attention to the informational antecedents that influence consumers' perceptions of transaction costs and their CBEC purchase intentions. To fill this gap, this study integrates the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) and transaction cost theory (TCT) to develop a model for exploring how product (website informativeness, product diagnosticity and website interactivity as the central route) and external (country brand, website policy and vendor reputation as the peripheral route) informational antecedents affect consumers’ evaluations of transaction costs in terms of uncertainty and asset specificity and their CBEC purchase intentions.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employs a survey approach to validate the model with 766 Generation Z CBEC consumers based on judgment sampling. The partial least squares (PLS) technique is adopted for data analysis.

Findings

The results show that all the proposed central and peripheral informational antecedents reduce consumers’ perceptions of uncertainty and asset specificity, which in turn negatively influences their CBEC purchase intentions.

Originality/value

Through this investigation, this study increases our understanding of how product and external informational antecedents affect consumers’ evaluations of transaction costs, which subsequently determine their CBEC purchase decisions. This study offers theoretical contributions to existing CBEC research and has practical implications for CBEC organizations and managers.
CBDCs, regulated stablecoins and tokenized traditional assets under the Basel Committee rules on cryptoassets
Authors: Wong Michael Chak Sham , Chan Emil Ka Ho , Yousaf Imran
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This paper examines the impact of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs), regulated stablecoins and tokenized traditional assets on the cryptocurrency market, following the guidelines set by the Basel Committee. This study aims to analyze the implications for secure storage, cross-border transfers and necessary investments.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper uses a policy analysis approach to assess the potential effects of the Basel Committee’s regulations on CBDCs, regulated stablecoins and tokenized traditional assets. It explores their impact on the cryptoasset market, strategies of central and commercial banks, payment systems and risk management.

Findings

The adoption of CBDCs, regulated stablecoins and tokenized traditional assets is expected to grow rapidly in the coming years. It raises concerns about secure storage, cross-border transfers and required investments. Central banks are likely to introduce CBDCs and authorize stablecoin issuance, aiming for efficient monetary policies and risk management. Basel III regulations may lead to asset tokenization by banks, reducing asset size and increasing fee-based income.

Originality/value

This paper provides insights into the potential impact of the Basel Committee's regulations on CBDCs, regulated stablecoins and tokenized traditional assets. It contributes to the understanding of the evolving cryptoasset market and the strategies of central and commercial banks in adopting these technologies. The findings offer valuable information for policymakers, regulators and market participants in navigating the changing landscape of digital assets.