bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Swallowed Topical Tacrolimus Induces Clinical and Histological Remission in a Subset of Patients with Severe Lymphocytic Esophagitis
Authors: Schoepfer Alain , Asikainen Sofia , Biedermann Luc , Kreienbuehl Andrea , Godat Anne , Dommann Corina , Straumann Alex , Greuter Thomas
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Lymphocytic esophagitis (LyE) represents a chronic inflammatory disease of the esophagus with low response rates to topical steroids. Thus, novel treatment options such as swallowed topical tacrolimus, particularly for refractory cases, are urgently needed. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with LyE enrolled in the Swiss eosinophilic esophagitis database that received treatment with a swallowed tacrolimus syrup (1 mg bid). We compared clinical (visual analogue scale [VAS] 0–10), endoscopic (VAS, Endoscopic Reference Score [EREFS]), and histological (peak lymphocyte count) disease activity before versus after treatment. Results: Out of 17 LyE patients, we identified a total of 7 patients undergoing tacrolimus treatment (4 males, median age 71.3 years, IQR: 61.3–76.5, median diagnostic delay of 51.0 months, IQR: 24.5–62.0). Six patients had been previously treated with PPI, five with topical and/or systemic steroids. All patients were treated with topical tacrolimus corresponding to 1 mg bid (for a median of 13 weeks, IQR: 11–15). All patients had clinically, and histologically active disease at baseline. Topical tacrolimus treatment resulted in histological remission (<30 lymphocytes/hpf) in 3/7 patients (42.9%), while 4/7 patients achieved symptomatic remission (VAS for dysphagia ≤2, 57.1%). Overall, clinical (VAS 5 vs. 2, p = 0.0625) and endoscopic activity (VAS 5 vs. 2, p = 0.0625, and EREFS 3 vs. 2, p = 0.125) decreased. Measurement of tacrolimus trough levels in 4/7 patients (range 2.1–3.9 μg/L) revealed some degree of systemic absorption. Mild adverse events to the tacrolimus treatment were seen in 2 patients (esophageal candidiasis, hyposensitivity around lips). No impact on kidney function was observed during the treatment period. Conclusion: Topical tacrolimus appears to be a potential treatment option for severe LyE, particularly after failure of PPI and/or topical steroids. Further studies are needed, in particular regarding the optimal galenic formulation to avoid systemic absorption.
A new tool to assess patient-ventilator synchrony in preterm infants receiving non-invasive ventilation: a randomized crossover pilot study
Authors: Cresi Francesco , Maggiora Elena , Rubino Carlotta , Ferroglio Mattia , Ruzzante Elena , Piga Enrico , Giraudo Isaac , Limone Marco , Terrin Gianluca , Coscia Alessandra
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Nasal synchronized intermittent positive pressure ventilation (nSIPPV) is an effective non-invasive ventilation technique, especially for preterm infants.
Patient-ventilator synchrony is essential for providing effective respiratory support; however, no automated system is currently available for monitoring this parameter. A new tool for automatic assessment of patient-ventilator synchrony, the SyncNIV system, was developed and applied in this pilot study to evaluate differences between nSIPPV and non-synchronized nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (nIPPV) in preterm infants with respiratory distress.
Methods: This study involved designing a custom algorithm for signal analysis. Data were collected through a polygraph that could simultaneously gather respiratory data from the patients and ventilator. Patient-ventilator synchrony was evaluated by applying the SyncNIV system in a randomized crossover study designed to compare nSIPPV and nIPPV. The primary outcome was the mean instant Synchrony Index (i-SI), defined as the portion of the inspiration effort sustained by ventilator inflation, expressed as a percentage.
Results: Fourteen infants with a median (IQR) gestational age of 28.6 (25.6-30.3), were enrolled.
We analyzed 43,304 ventilator inflations and 50,221 patient breaths. The i-SI was 54.69% (44.49-60.09) in nSIPPV and 39.54% (33.40-48.75) in nIPPV, p<0.05.
Conclusion: The SyncNIV system confirmed better i-SI during nSIPPV than during nIPPV, demonstrating its effectiveness in assessing the differences between these two modes of non-invasive ventilation in preterm infants. The SyncNIV system could be a useful tool for optimizing the ventilation parameters and improving the effectiveness and comfort of respiratory support systems.
Posterior Nodular Scleritis in a Leukemic Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Moussaddykine Charifa , Van Bol Laure , Van Calster Joachim , Rasquin Florence
Published: January 2025

Introduction: This is an observational case report to detail a challenging case of nodular posterior scleritis (NPS) in a leukemic patient following chemotherapy and allograft. Case Presentation: A 69-year-old leukemic patient presented with unilateral vision loss and pain following febrile neutropenia caused by bacteremia and infectious pneumopathy. Ocular B-mode ultrasound and cerebral magnetic resonance imaging revealed posterior scleritis with a scleral nodule, exudative retinal detachment (ERD), and choroiditis with serous choroidal detachment (SCD). The anterior chamber tap and systemic investigations were normal. Vitrectomy with vitreous biopsy did not provide additional information. A diagnosis of idiopathic nodular posterior scleritis was made. Topical corticosteroids, intravitreal injections of vancomycin and ceftazidime, oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and intravenous tazocillin were administered. Over the following weeks, the SCD completely regressed, while the nodule and the ERD partially regressed. Conclusion: NPS is a rare pathology, most commonly idiopathic. A systemic checkup and vitrectomy with subretinal biopsy should be considered in immunosuppressed leukemic patients when the etiology of the nodule remains uncertain.
Trop2-Expression in Correlation to the Molecular Subtype in Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinomas (VSCC)
Authors: Höhn Anne Kathrin , Wolf Benjamin , Forberger Mirjam , Brambs Christine E. , Gilks Blake , Hoang Lien , Hiller Grit Gesine Ruth , McAlpine Jessica N. , Jamieson Amy , Drew Yvette , Horn Lars-Christian
Published: January 2025

Targeted therapy with antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) has shown promising results in the treatment of various solid tumours. Sacituzumab-govitecan (SG), a humanised anti-Trop2 monoclonal antibody in combination with the cytotoxic topoisomerase I inhibitor SN38, has been approved for the treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. The treatment approach with SG requires the expression of Trop2 in the tumour cells. Trop2 is overexpressed in many other cancers, suggesting a broader therapeutic application of these ADCs beyond breast cancer. We are investigating the expression of Trop2 in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) and how this relates to molecular classification.

Immunohistochemical Trop2 expression was assessed in diagnostic biopsies of VSCC using an immunoreactive score. The staining results were compared with the molecular subtype of VSCC.

57 cases were included in the study. 63.2% of VSCC were 16-ve/p53abn (HPV-independent (p53abn)) molecular subtype, 29.8% p16+ve/p53wt (HPV-associated) and 1.4% p16-ve/p53wt-(HPV-independent (p53wt)) tumors. All diagnostic biopsies (N=57) showed at least weak Trop2-expression. Expression was significantly higher, as assessed by an immunreactive score, in the HPV-associated VSCC, compared to HPV-independent.

VSCC have high expression of Trop2 and represents a promising therapeutic target. Clinical trials exploring Trop2 directed ADCs such as Sacituzumab-Govitecan are warranted in this rare cancer type, including in the prognostically poor HPV-independent VSCC with a TP53-mutation (p16-ve/p53abn molecular subtype). The targetable molecule Trop2 can be easily assessed by immunohistochemistry on diagnostic biopsies from VSCC.
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Decreased Quality of Life in patients who desire Body Contouring Surgery after Bariatric Metabolic Surgery: A multicenter longitudinal analysis
Authors: Dijkhorst Phillip J. , Debi Robin A. , de Vries Claire E.E. , Makarawung Dennis J.S. , Mink van der Molen Aebele B. , de Castro Steve M.M. , van Veen Ruben N.
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Excess skin after bariatric metabolic surgery may negatively impact quality of life. Nevertheless, not every eligible patient undergoes body contouring surgery, which may be explained by differences in quality of life. The objective of this study was to assess the differences in quality of life between patients with and without a desire for body contouring surgery after bariatric metabolic surgery, and to identify predictive factors that contribute to this desire.
Methods: Patients completed the BODY-Q and a question regarding any desire for body contouring surgery, 6 months and yearly after bariatric metabolic surgery. BODY-Q outcomes were compared between patients with and without a desire for body contouring surgery and corrected for excess skin.
Results: A total of 380 patients who completed 3 years of follow-up were included. Of these patients, 69.5% desired body contouring surgery. Patients who did not desire body contouring surgery demonstrated significantly higher quality of life scores across all domains at every follow-up moment compared to patients who desired body contouring surgery (except physical functioning at 3 years). These associations were largely explained by the amount and burden of excess skin. Younger age was the only significant predictor for desiring body contouring surgery when correcting for excess skin.
Conclusion: Patients with a desire for body contouring surgery demonstrated significantly lower quality of life compared to patients without a desire due to a high burden of excess skin, which emphasizes the need for effective treatments aiming to improve quality of life such as body contouring surgery.
Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolates Resist Complement-Mediated Lysis by Inhibiting the Complement Cascade and Improperly Depositing MAC
Authors: Magda Michal , Boschloo Wendy , Bettoni Serena , Fairley Derek , Russo Thomas A. , Giske Christian G. , Tellapragada Chaitanya , Rooijakkers Suzan H.M. , Riesbeck Kristian , Blom Anna M.
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Acinetobacter baumannii is a gram-negative opportunistic bacterium that causes life-threatening infections in immunocompromised hosts. The complement system is a critical mechanism of innate immunity that protects the human body from bacterial infections. Complement activation leads to the deposition of the membrane attack complex (MAC), which can directly lyse gram-negative bacteria. However, A. baumannii has developed evasion mechanisms to protect itself from complement. Methods: Complement deposition was investigated by flow cytometry and Western blotting. Soluble MAC formation was assessed by ELISA. Bacterial serum resistance was determined by the SYTOX Green Assay. Galleria mellonella was used as an infection model. Genome sequencing revealed virulence genes carried by isolates. Results: We examined clinical isolates of A. baumannii and found 11 isolates with MAC deposition and 5 isolates without deposition. Trypsinization of MAC-positive isolates significantly reduced MAC, indicating incorrect insertion, consistent with a lack of lysis of these strains. MAC-negative isolates inhibited alternative pathway activation and were significantly more serum-resistant. These strains were also more virulent in a G. mellonella infection model. Whole genome sequencing revealed that MAC-negative isolates carried more virulence genes, and both MAC-negative and MAC-positive A. baumannii significantly differed in capsule type. Importantly, a correlation was observed between complement inhibition and capsule type (e.g., capsule locus KL171) of MAC-negative bacteria, while the capsule type (e.g., KL230) of MAC-positive A. baumannii was associated with increased sensitivity to MAC-mediated lysis. Conclusion: Our findings suggest a relationship between capsule type, complement resistance, and host virulence in A. baumannii.
Similar trajectories of psychological states predict marital
satisfaction
Authors: Li Lei , Huang Xinyue , Zheng Qingyu , Xiao Jinming , Shan Xiaolong , Chen Huafu , Duan Xujun
Published: January 2025

Modern mate selection theories suggest that people are more likely to marry someone similar to themselves in terms of numerous attributes. Recent research has demonstrated a positive relationship between marital satisfaction and inter-subject correlation (ISC) of neural responses while viewing movies in married couples. Nevertheless, conventional ISC methods solely capture information about similarity in the temporal evolution of region-averaged neural responses, disregarding nuanced spatially distributed response topographies. Here, we integrated ISC and multi-voxel pattern (MVP) analysis to capitalize inter-subject trajectory similarity (ISTS) of MVP. We demonstrated that married couples showed significantly higher ISTS than randomly selected pairs, during movie viewing and resting state. The ISTS was particularly positively associated with marital satisfaction in married couples while viewing movies. In order to investigate latent “psychological states” characterized by relatively stable patterns of MVP, a hidden Markov model was used to segment the neural events in married couples during viewing movies. We found the ISTS within manually defined events was a strong predictor of marital satisfaction. These results suggest that married couples with high-level marital satisfaction may experience similar trajectories of mental states when exposed to a common marital-related stimulus, and extend our understanding of the neurobiological signatures of intimate relationship.
Actual folivory in bats: whole leaves as a formerly dismissed trophic item and a potential avenue for self-medication
Authors: Muñoz-Romo Mariana , Cohen Gregg , Page Rachel A.
Published: January 2025

To date, leaf consumption in bats has not been considered ‘true folivory’ because bats chew bits of leaves, extract and swallow their juices, and discard their fibre. The term ‘leaf fractionation’ is used to distinguish this behaviour from true folivory, or the consumption of full leaves, such as exhibited by herbivores. For over three decades, it has been posited that the consumption of entire leaves — leaf fibre included — would require a digestive system incompatible with bats’ ability to fly. Natural history observations can amend long-accepted assumptions, however. We observed a common Neotropical frugivorous bat consuming mature leaves in their entirety, without discarding any part. This anecdotal observation begs further investigation, opening the possibility for a shift in our current understanding of bat feeding behaviour. Because the consumption and digestion of whole leaves leave no readily observable trace (i.e., no dropped remains below the roost), this behaviour may be more prevalent than previously appreciated. While feeding exclusively on leaves remains unlikely in bats, our anecdotal observation reveals that true folivory does indeed take place. Our objective in publishing this observation is to invite research on the role of whole leaves in the diets of bats and their physiological implications. Exploring the effect of leaf consumption on potential self-medication is also paramount. Bats, long recognized for their spectacular dietary diversity, may now be known to feed not only on insects, fruit, nectar, pollen, vertebrates, and blood, but also on entire leaves.
Cosmic Flow and Human Action: Philosophical Intersections between the Yijing and Whitehead’s Process Cosmology
Authors: Hon Tze-ki
Published: January 2025

This article explores the philosophical framework underpinning the Yijing (Book of Changes) and its resonance with the thought of Arthur North Whitehead, whose process cosmology has been well received within scholarship on Chinese philosophy. It examines sinologists’ interpretations of the Yijing through the lens of Whitehead’s process cosmology, highlighting key similarities in their metaphysical view of reality as dynamic and interwoven. However, while Whitehead’s philosophy, like other Western frameworks such as modern physics, focuses on understanding the fundamental “stuff” of the universe, the Yijing’s cosmology of change shifts attention to human action within this unpredictable world. Through analysis of the Xici zhuan commentary, the article investigates the role of symbolic representation, divination, and moral choice in the Yijing’s guidance on how one perceives, lives, and acts within this ever-unfolding universe, thereby encompassing not just cosmology but also epistemology and ethics.
Unveiling fungal diversity: a novel species of Proliferodiscus (Lachnaceae, Helotiales) discovered in China
Authors: LUO LE , CHETHANA K.W. THILINI , ZHAO QI , THIYAGARAJA VINODHINI , AL-OTIBI FATIMAH , HYDE KEVIN D
Published: January 2025

Proliferodiscus is a discomycete genus belonging to the family Lachnaceae (Helotiales). In the present study, a new Proliferodiscus species is identified and introduced based on morphological characteristics and multi-loci phylogenetic analyses of the combined ITS and LSU sequences. Proliferodiscus ailaoensis sp. nov. is characterized by yellow to creamy apothecia, a yellow to white receptacle surface with bushy hairs, filiform, aseptate, unbranched paraphyses with a rounded apex, eight-spored, J- asci with a tapered pedicel, and ascospores that are narrowly fusiform with acute ends, 4–6-septate, and smooth-walled. An updated key to the known species of Proliferodiscus is also provided.
Українське шули(я)к: трансформація семантики лексичного архаїзму
Authors: Гороф’янюк [Horofianiuk] Інна [Inna]
Published: January 2025

The Ukrainian shulу(a)k: Transformation of the Semantics of a Lexical Archaism
This article explores the semantic field of the lexeme shulу(a)k, which in Ukrainian dialects is known with the meanings ‘bird of prey from the hawk family’, ‘ceremonial cake’, ‘holiday’, ‘underdeveloped head of cabbage’. Based on the lexical material of Podilian and other Ukrainian dialects, the study traces their etymological and denotative connection and identifies our ancestors’ common idea about the denotations which are distant from one another today. It also reveals a connection between the name of the dish shulу(a)ky and the historical Podilian custom of “chasing the shulу(a)k”. The analysis of Ukrainian dialectal lexemes with the element shu- makes it possible to classify them into two groups of names. The first one are words with the sememe ‘defectiveness’ – names for people, animals, plants and clothes. The second group includes words with the sememe ‘sudden movement downwards’. We assign the name of a bird of prey from the hawk family to the second group and consider it to be primary in the semantic chain ‘bird’ → ‘holiday’ → ‘dish’.
 
Ukraiński шули(я)к: zmiany semantyki archaizmu leksykalnego
Artykuł jest poświęcony badaniu pola semantycznego leksemu шули(я)к, który w gwarach ukraińskich znany jest w znaczeniu ‘ptak drapieżny z rodziny jastrzębiowatych’, ‘ciasto obrzędowe’, ‘święto’, ‘niedorozwinięta główka kapusty’. Na materiale słownictwa podolskiego i słownictwa innych gwar ukraińskich prześledzono związek etymologiczny i denotacyjny, ustalono jedność wyobrażeń naszych przodków o oddalonych obecnie denotatach. Prześledzono związek nazwy potrawy шули(я)ки z dawnym podolskim zwyczajem гонити шуляка ‘przeganiać szulaka’. Po przeanalizowaniu znanych w gwarach ukraińskich leksemów, w których występuje element шу-, zdefiniowano dwie grupy nazw. Pierwsza łączy wyrazy z sememem ‘niepełnowartościowość’ i reprezentuje nazwy ludzi, zwierząt, roślin i ubrań. Druga grupa nazw łączy wyrazy z sememem ‘nagły ruch z góry na dół’. To do niej przypisujemy nazwę ptaka drapieżnego z rodziny jastrzębiowatych, którą uważamy za pierwotną w łańcuchu semantycznym ‘ptak’ → ‘święto’ → ‘potrawa’.
Unstable Relationship between Tropical Indian Ocean SST and Spring Drought on the Loess Plateau Modulated by Interdecadal Variability of ENSO
Authors: Li Hua , Wang Junyu , Yuan Xing , Liu Yong , Li Huixin , Ma Feng , Zhou Botao
Published: January 2025

The Loess Plateau (LP) is recognized as a region highly vulnerable to climate change, particularly susceptible to spring droughts. Spring drought intensity is crucial as it significantly impacts crop growth and the occurrence of dust storms. However, the underlying mechanisms of spring droughts in the LP remain unclear. This study investigates the relationship between spring drought intensity in the LP and interannual sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the tropical Indian Ocean (SST_TIO). We found that this relationship is negatively correlated but exhibits instability. It was significant during 1963–2001, a time characterized by homogeneous SST_TIO changes, and became insignificant during 2002–21, during which SST_TIO changes were inhomogeneous. Homogeneous SST_TIO changes appear to stimulate atmospheric wave trains emanating from North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, influencing precipitation patterns in the LP via the anomalous height in Northeast Asia. In contrast, inhomogeneous SST_TIO changes do not have this effect. Additionally, the impact of homogeneous SST_TIO changes on LP’s spring precipitation during 1963–2001 was slightly enhanced by synergistic SSTAs in the tropical eastern Pacific–Atlantic Oceans; sensitivity experiments of numerical model confirm the above physical processes. Moreover, these synergistic changes in the TIO and tropical Pacific–Atlantic are modulated by the interdecadal variability of the preceding winter El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). SSTAs in the Indian Ocean exhibit more homogeneous distributions and a closer linkage with the tropical Pacific–Atlantic during the periods with stronger ENSO variability. Conversely, when the ENSO variability is weak, inhomogeneous SSTAs of the Indian Ocean have a weaker relation with the tropical Pacific–Atlantic regions.
Impact of Downwelling-Favorable Winds on Eddy Formation in the West Greenland Current
Authors: Shu Ruiqi , Gou Ruijian , Pennelly Clark , Deng Yaocheng , Wu Lixin , Xiao Ke , Huang Yitian , Myers Paul G.
Published: January 2025

Downwelling-favorable winds off the west Greenland coast induce onshore Ekman transport, thereby limiting freshwater influx into the interior of the Labrador Sea. Although the eddies shed by the West Greenland Current (WGC) provide an important freshwater source, the role of the downwelling-favorable winds in eddy formation is still largely unknown. Using the output of a very-high-resolution (1/60°) model, combined with idealized model experiments, we find that the downwelling-favorable winds push denser water over lighter water, which leads to a gain in available potential energy (APE). Although symmetric instability attenuates eddy formation by flattening isopycnals, the net effect of downwelling-favorable wind is a more baroclinic front along the WGC and increased buoyant eddy formation, which provides an additional freshwater flux into the convective interior of the Labrador Sea.
Toe- Brachial Index: Utility, Futility, and Diagnostic Criteria
Authors: Casanegra Ana I. , Liedl David A. , McCarter Charlene , Shuja Fahad , Wennberg Paul W.
Published: January 2025

Ankle brachial index (ABI) can be unreliable in patients with non-compressible vessels. Our aim is to determine the feasibility of toe brachial index (TBI) and reporting criteria in a large population. We evaluated Doppler waveforms and segmental pressures in 26,719 limbs. TBI was obtained in 92.7%, mean TBI = 0.61 ± 0.25. TBI was obtained in 82%of limbs with unobtainable ABI. In hemodynamically normal subgroup (defined as those with normal ankle-brachial indices at rest and after exercise) the mean TBI was 0.84 ± 0.14. In severe PAD subgroup (defined as ABI < 0.5 and monophasic waveforms) the mean TBI was 0.16 ± 0.12. Limbs with a diagnosis of a PAD (ABI ≤ 0.9) had a TBI <0.8 in 99.5% of the cases, and <0.6 in 90% of the cases. A TBI of 0.8 had a negative predictive value for PAD of 0.99. A TBI cutoff of 0.6 had a positive predictive value for PAD of 0.95. Based on these results we propose defining normal TBI above 0.8, borderline between 0.8 and 0.61, abnormal TBI ≤ 0.6 and severe PAD as TBI ≤ 0.2. In conclusion TBI can be reliably measured in patients with PAD and offer valuable information when diagnosing PAD. We present our diagnostic criteria based on clinical data.
Behavior of waste tire rubber composites reinforced with waste fibers
Authors: Haddaji Khadija , Rim Cheriaa , Boubaker Jaouachi
Published: January 2025

In the present study, two types of waste tire rubber particles, powder (TRP) and granules (TRG), are characterized to evaluate their behavior as a matrix in reinforced composite samples based on waste wool fibers (WWF) and waste glass fibers (WGlF). Waste tire rubber was first characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric Analysis, Differential Scanning Calorimetry and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry. Wasted fibers were characterized in terms of surface morphology, length, diameter and correspondent FTIR spectrums were also analyzed. Composites were then prepared using a Taguchi experimental design to evaluate the influence of the size of particles (powder and granules), the reinforcement rate (0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6%) and the consolidation time (45 min, 60 min and 75 min) on composite porosity, tensile strength and hardness. Samples were prepared using a thermopressing process at 180°C, under a compression force of 2 MPa. The optimum process parameters ensuring high tensile strength of the composite were: TRP as matrix and WWF (0.6%) as reinforcement during 75 min consolidation time. 0.6% WWF reinforcement rate contributes to a 64.7% increase in tensile strength and to a 19.5% increase in hardness. Reinforcement of waste tire rubber (WTR) with waste fibers reduces the porosity of composite materials, especially using WGlF.
On the importance of data curation for knowledge mining in antiviral research
Authors: Martin Holli-Joi , Melo-Filho Cleber C. , Zakharov Alexey V. , Muratov Eugene , Tropsha Alexander
Published: January 2025

The recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic has clearly exemplified the need for broad-spectrum antiviral (BSA) medications. However, previous outbreaks show that about one year after an outbreak, interest in antiviral research diminishes and the work toward an effective medication is left unfinished. Martin et al. endeavored to support the early stages of focused BSA development by creating the Small Molecule Antiviral Compound Collection (SMACC), which is publicly available online at https://smacc.mml.unc.edu . SMACC is a highly curated database with over 32,500 entries of chemical compounds tested in both phenotypic and target-based assays across 13 viruses from the NIAID's list of emerging infectious diseases/pathogens. The authors advise judicious use of knowledge collections such as SMACC and recommend users critically evaluate retrieved data and resulting hypotheses prior to experimental testing. When used correctly, SMACC-like databases may serve as a reference for medicinal chemists and virologists working to develop novel BSA medications. To summarize, we emphasize the importance of data curation for both novel outbreak prediction and development of BSAs against these outbreaks.
Evaluation and analysis of the transmission route of sigmoid sinus tinnitus by HRCT of the temporal bone: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Kang Houyong , Ouyang Xi , Xiang Bin , Wen Xiaodong , Xiao Jing , Hou Jie , Yang Dongbao
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study aims to analyze anatomical parameters of the transmission route of sigmoid sinus tinnitus (SST) to explore its mechanism and speculate on possible responsible anatomical abnormalities.

Methods

Clinical data were retrospectively collected from SST and sigmoid sinus wall dehiscence (SSWD) patients suggested by temporal bone high resolution computed tomography (HRCT), with and without tinnitus, at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2015 to August 2022. Patients were divided into SSWD tinnitus ( n = 61), and non-tinnitus ( n = 60) groups based on HRCT features. Mimics Medical 22.0 and 3-matic Medical 13.0 software measured curvature of the sigmoid sinus bone wall, defect distribution, related parameters, distance to the tympanic sinus and cochlear window, degree of mastoid pneumatization, temporal bone air chamber surface area, volume, and S/V value. Mechanisms were analyzed by comparing clinical data and imaging anatomical parameters between groups.

Results

The tinnitus group was significantly younger and had more severe low-frequency hearing loss ( P = 0.002). The degree of mastoid pneumatization was significantly lower in the tinnitus group ( P = 0.032). The volume of the temporal bone air chamber was smaller ( P = 0.020), and the S/V value was higher in the tinnitus group ( P = 0.001). Bone wall defects in the lower curvature were protective against tinnitus ( P = 0.007, OR = 0.071). Larger maximum transverse diameter of the defect increased tinnitus risk ( P = 0.030, OR = 1.875). Higher S/V value was also a significant risk factor ( P = 0.009, OR = 24.210).

Conclusions

SST patients exhibit significant female and right-sided predominance, with low-frequency hearing loss. Defects in the superior curvature and descending part of the sigmoid groove are more likely to cause tinnitus. Larger transverse diameters and higher S/V values are independent risk factors for tinnitus. Over-pneumatized temporal bones do not facilitate transmission of sigmoid sinus blood flow murmur, highlighting the importance of specific anatomical features in SST development.
Severe phlebitis and cutaneous necrosis following peripheral administration of high-concentration potassium chloride: A case report and vascular access management implications
Authors: Li Fang , Wang Ting , Wang Ling , Zhao Siyang , Zhang Yuanyuan , Ren Yuetong , Li Hui , Jiang Hong
Published: January 2025

Electrolyte imbalance management is crucial in diverse clinical scenarios, with intravenous potassium repletion often required. High-concentration infusions can pose severe complications if extravasation occurs, leading to phlebitis, local tissue damage, or in severe cases, cutaneous necrosis. This risk is elevated in geriatric patients due to factors like reduced tissue elasticity and sensitivity. We report a case of phlebitis and skin necrosis in an elderly woman after peripheral KCl infusion (6% [800 mmol/L]). A woman in her early 70 s presented with obstructive jaundice and critically low potassium levels. A peripheral intravenous administration of 6% KCl was initiated to rectify hypokalemia. Due to superficial venous site selection and the patient's reduced sensitivity, phlebitis developed unnoticed, leading to cutaneous necrosis. Management involved medication discontinuation, cannula removal, application of a magnesium sulfate dressing, limb elevation, and a hydrogel dressing. Despite initial necrosis, wound debridement, ongoing dressings, and moderate hand exercises led to a complete wound resolution. This case underscores the importance of careful selection and monitoring of infusion sites during administration of irritant solutions like concentrated KCl, particularly in geriatric patients. Patient-specific factors, pharmacological implications, and the necessity for adequate vascular assessment are emphasized. Further, the case highlights the necessity for prompt and multifaceted management strategies to handle complications, including patient and caregiver education, careful wound management, and proactive nursing care. The event underscores the need for established protocols regarding the administration of high-risk drugs to prevent severe sequelae.
In situ assembly of Ag@M-TiO2 nanoparticles grafted on cotton fabrics with durable antibacterial and hemostatic properties for promoting bacteria-infected wound healing
Authors: Liu Hao , Chen Menghui , Chen Xinyang , Kang Le , Tan Langqun , Yao Xiaoshun , Shen Jielin , Yu Jianyong , Wu Dequn
Published: January 2025

Uncontrolled wound bleeding and bacterial infection are the most common problems in wound healing/skin regeneration, and failure to provide effective care will obviously increase the risk of other diseases and reduce the quality of wound healing. The ideal strategy is to prepare a simple dressing with rapid hemostasis and durable antimicrobial activity as an alternative to conventional hemostatic gauze to facilitate satisfactory wound healing. In this study, Ag-doped TiO2 nanoparticles modified with unsaturated carbon–carbon double bonds (Ag@M-TiO2) were synthesized and grafted onto the surface of cotton fabrics by chemical finishing. Compared with the common cotton fabrics, the Ag@M-TiO2 modified cotton fabrics (C-Ag@TiO2) had a higher blood affinity and were able to absorb spilled blood and achieve rapid hemostasis by aggregating erythrocytes, stimulating blood platelets and activating hemostasis-related pathways. The mouse liver internal hemorrhage experiment confirmed that the wound could achieve rapid hemostasis within 30 s. In addition, the C-Ag@TiO2 dressings exhibited broad spectrum antimicrobial properties (>99%) and could promote wound healing by preventing bacterial infection (the wound closure ratio was almost 100% after 14 days). The study demonstrated the important role of the multifunctional C-Ag@TiO2 dressings in healing infected wound and controlling internal bleeding. It provides a potential strategy for wound healing and skin regeneration to replace traditional cotton gauze.
“Becoming a Medical Cannabis User” Revisited: Understanding the Role of Low-Threshold Access Points in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Gagnon Marilou , Hobbs Heather
Published: January 2025

The work of sociologist Howard Becker has been used extensively to study and theorize the experience of using cannabis for recreational purposes and more recently, the experience of using cannabis for medical purposes. Building on recent research that uses Becker's work to study and theorize the process of becoming a medical cannabis use r, we extracted and analyzed interview data from a larger qualitative case study of low-threshold access points (i.e., medical dispensaries and cannabis clubs) in British Columbia (Canada). The majority of participants were 50 years or older, had an annual income of less than $30,000, listed disability assistance as their primary source of income, and were renting a room or an apartment. Educational level was distributed across the sample and gender representation was close to balanced with seven cisgender women and five cisgender men. All of the participants identified as White (European descent). In terms of cannabis consumption, the majority of participants reported using daily and indicated a preference for ingesting cannabis, followed by smoking and applying topically. Our theory-informed analysis suggests that becoming a medical cannabis user is a process that requires low-threshold access to community, medicine, and space—three domains across which learning unfolds, in relationships (with staff and peers) and in response to health and social needs. Our analysis also points to three categories of learning: learning about medical cannabis, learning to medicate, and learning to substitute. Overall, our findings indicate that learning across all three categories and low-threshold access to community, medicine, and space go hand in hand in the process of becoming a medical cannabis user—thus generating new theoretical insights and empirical avenues. The findings also raise important questions about the closure of low-threshold access points in British Columbia and the impact of cannabis legalization more generally.
Assessing post-operative dietary intake in older adult hip fracture patients: An observational study protocol
Authors: Lloyd Helen , Burn Naomi , Allison Sarah , Jones Cecile , Franklin John Derek
Published: January 2025

Background: Fragility fractures of the hip are a common injury in England. Meeting post-operative resting energy expenditure (REE) needs are fundamental to recovery from trauma that with greater nutritional intake, post-operative complications and length of stay can be reduced. However, dietary intake can be overlooked when the goal is prompt surgery to reduce pain and lower the risks of mortality at 30 days and 1 year. Aims: The primary aim of this study is to observe if post-operative dietary energy intake (kJ/kcal) of older adult hip fracture patients meets their post-operative REE needs to mobilise post-surgery. Secondly, we aim to explore if there is a relationship between length of stay, comorbidity and post-operative complications in relation to dietary intake. Methods and analysis: Using a weighed food method, all food and fluid intake from the day of surgery until post-operative day three inclusive will be recorded for a cohort of 30 older adult hip fracture patients. Dietary intake per day will be compared against REE and macronutrient requirements. Baseline sociodemographic and medical history data will be obtained, along with admission data such as malnutrition screening and type of fracture. Regression analysis will be used to explore associations between dietary intake, post-operative complications and length of stay where indicated and to identify if there are areas for further dietary development in this specific patient group. Ethics and dissemination: The Health Research Authority approved this study (REC 24/NE/0034). Findings will be published in peer-reviewed, scientific journals and presented at academic conferences.
Language Anxiety, Willingness to Communicate, and Achievements: The Case of Palestinian Students in Israeli Universities
Authors: Bakri Yasmin , Tannenbaum Michal
Published: January 2025

Higher education in Israel is offered almost entirely in Hebrew as the medium of instruction. Consequently, Palestinian students in Israeli universities confront complex challenges that involve language and cultural gaps. This study focused on this group, using mixed methods, examining language anxiety, willingness to communicate (WTC) in Hebrew, and the relationship between these variables and achievements. The quantitative part included 155 participants who filled out a detailed questionnaire. The qualitative part included semistructured interviews with eight students and four lecturers. Results indicated high anxiety levels, medium levels of WTC in Hebrew, and a significant negative correlation between language anxiety, WTC, and academic achievements. Students reported high stress levels, avoidance, and embarrassment to talk, which clearly affected their academic performance. We argue that universities must acknowledge the emotional complexity of learning in such circumstances and develop practices to moderate students’ anxiety levels in order to reduce inequality within Israeli society.
Association between weight-adjusted waist index and obstructive sleep apnea among adults in the United States: data from NHANES (2005–2008 and 2015–2018)
Authors: Zhang Qi , Zhai Yong , Wang Jing , Han Xu , Si Wurong , Zhou Yizhong
Published: January 2025

Objective

We aimed to examine the relationship between the weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a condition often caused by obesity, which remains unclear.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey among adults in the United States (US) aged 20 to 65 years, covering the periods 2005 to 2008 and 2015 to 2018. The study included 8278 participants; we used multivariate logistic regression, restricted cubic splines, and subgroup analyses to explore the relationship between WWI and OSA.

Results

After adjusting for all covariates, each unit increase in WWI was associated with a 30% increase in OSA prevalence (odds ratio = 1.30, 95% confidence interval: 1.20–1.40).

Conclusions

These findings suggest that WWI, an index reflecting abdominal obesity, can provide important insights into OSA risk assessment. Its strong association with OSA highlights its potential utility in predicting OSA prevalence, particularly among diverse subpopulations. The WWI was associated with a higher prevalence of OSA among US adults and may serve as a valuable tool for risk assessment, early screening, and intervention strategies in clinical practice.
Perceptions of the role of research librarian: A phenomenological study
Authors: Sugihartati Rahma , Harisanty Dessy , Dewi Anita , Suyanto Bagong , Pramodha Wardhana Arya Wijaya , Egalita Nadia
Published: January 2025

The focus on higher education has led to the emerging demands for new roles among librarians, including supporting research and publication productivity. One specific role that has emerged is that of a research librarian. This study employed a qualitative method of the phenomenology of perception. This study was conducted in four state university libraries and four private university libraries in Surabaya and Malang, East Java, Indonesia. This study revealed that librarians’ perceptions and interpretations of the role of a research librarian vary, depending on and influenced by the level of support they receive from their respective organizations. The research findings show that in private universities, the role of librarians is mostly centered on delivering services to students and lecturers. Meanwhile, state university libraries perceive research librarians as doing more than supporting research. They are also seen as researchers with responsibilities that include more research.
Regional Patellar Tendon Strain in the Short- and Long-term After ACL Reconstruction Using Bone–Patellar Tendon–Bone Autograft
Authors: Durigan João Luiz Quaglioti , Ito Naoaki , Scattone Silva Rodrigo , Grävare Silbernagel Karin
Published: January 2025

Background:

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) often involves harvesting a bone–patellar tendon–bone (BPTB) autograft. How graft harvest affects tendon strain across the 3 distinct regions (medial, lateral, and central) is not known.

Purpose:

To (1) quantify strain in the 3 regions of the patellar tendon during 60% of maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) in 90° of knee flexion and (2) assess how effort level in 2 different knee joint angles (60° and 90°) impacts strain in the medial and lateral regions of the patellar tendon, in 2 cohorts of patients after ACLR using a BPTB autograft (one group <24 months after surgery and another group ≥24 months after surgery).

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Effort levels ranging from 20% to 100% of MVIC were performed at 90° and 60° of knee flexion on an isokinetic dynamometer, with simultaneous ultrasound imaging of tendon length to calculate regional strain. Linear mixed-effects models were used to evaluate regional strain at 60% of MVIC in 90° of knee flexion. The fixed effects of percentage of MVIC, joint angles, and time from surgery groups on patellar tendon strain were evaluated using separate models for the medial and lateral regions.

Results:

Fourteen participants in the short-term group (7.5 ± 1.9 months from surgery) and 15 participants in the long-term group (71.5 ± 16.5 months from surgery) were included. At 60% of MVIC in 90° of knee flexion, the short-term group demonstrated lower patellar tendon strain than the long-term group regardless of region ( P < .01). The central region also had lower strain than the medial and lateral regions regardless of group (both P < .01). Finally, the rate at which strain increased with increasing effect levels differed between time from surgery groups in both medial and lateral regions.

Conclusion:

The short-term group had lower strain in all regions of the patellar tendon after ACLR using BPTB autograft. The medial and lateral regions showed varying strain based on time from surgery and effort level. Varying knee joint angles and effort levels for graft site rehabilitation may have to be considered to target specific regions of the patellar tendon.

Clinical Relevance:

Clinicians should consider the time elapsed since surgery and the manipulation of knee angle as factors that can exert varying levels of strain on different regions of the patellar tendon after ACLR. Accelerating quadriceps strengthening to enhance strain distribution across the patellar tendon to promote tendon healing may be of benefit for optimizing postsurgery rehabilitation.
A Social and Emotional Learning Survey for Students With Learning Disabilities: Reliability and Validity Analyses
Authors: DeBono Amber E. , Ewoldt Kathy B. , Heimbauer Michele , Mendelsohn Elizabeth A. , Cohen Jonathan
Published: January 2025

Although many social–emotional learning (SEL) surveys exist for the general student population, students with learning disabilities (SwLD) are often excluded during the survey development process, and the current SEL surveys often overlook critical SEL competencies for SwLD (e.g., self-advocacy), necessitating an SEL survey for SwLD. To address this oversight, the Winston Essential Skills Survey (WESS) was designed to measure SEL in an SwLD population. Annually, over a 4-year period prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, two teachers evaluated each student with the WESS 2.0 ( Nstudents = 809; Nteachers = 236). A confirmatory factor analysis suggested that this 41-item version of the WESS could be improved. A follow-up exploratory factor analysis indicated that 15 items could be dropped and that two items fit better under two other subscales, which improved the model fit of the eight-factor model substantially. This 26-item version of the WESS (WESS 3.0) also had evidence for internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and consensus (i.e., between the two evaluating teachers). Study 2 found that the WESS 3.0 has evidence for convergent, divergent, and discriminant validity. These findings suggest that the WESS 3.0 may be the first reliable and valid SEL survey specifically designed for SwLD.
Students as key allies in combating school bullying: Leveraging peer perspectives to recognize victimization in high-risk groups
Authors: Sung Cheng-Hao , Wu Chia-Chun , chen Li-Ming
Published: January 2025

Bullying in schools remains a critical issue, and teachers often struggle to identify students at risk of victimization. This study explores the prevalence of various forms of bullying among high-risk groups in Taiwanese schools, using peer perspectives to gain insight. A total of 1,732 students (734 males and 998 females) participated in a survey that measured 10 common types of bullying, assessing both students’ perceptions and the actual frequency of occurrences over the past 6 months. The multidimensional Rasch model (Kelderman, 1996) was employed to analyze the alignment between students’ perceptions of bullying and their actual experiences in school. The study produced three key findings: (a) Students with “personality or behavioral problems” were most likely to be bullied, followed by those with “abnormal appearance” and “hygiene problems.” (b) Peer reports on bullying behavior were generally accurate in identifying victims. (c) In assessing bullying related to “sexual orientation or gender identity,” there was a discrepancy between perceived peer views and the actual frequency of such bullying. These findings suggest that students can be crucial in combating school bullying. Stakeholders involved in prevention efforts should focus on students with personality or behavioral problems, as they are particularly vulnerable to victimization, which can perpetuate the cycle of bullying. In addition, schools should incorporate peer feedback to enhance their strategies for identifying and preventing bullying.