bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RANCANG BANGUN MESIN PEMECAH BUAH COKLAT DENGAN DAYA 5.5 HP
Authors: Haris M Nur Hubaizah , Sariyusda Sariyusda , Hamdani Hamdani , Zaini Zaini
Published: March 2021

Tujuan dari pembuatan mesin pemecah buah coklat dengan daya 5.5 HP ini adalah: (1) pemilihan mesin yang sesuai untuk proses permesinan, (2) pemilihan bahan yang sesuai untuk alat, (3) menghitung biaya pembuatan alat, (4) gambar assembly dan detail, (5) menganalisa component mesin menggunakan software catia v5.Konsep pembuatan mesin pemecah buah coklat dengan daya 5.5 HP ini mengacu pada tahapan konsep perencanaan Pahl dan Beitz yaitu: (1) perencanaan dan penjelasan tugas, (2) prencanaan konsep produk, (3) perencanaan bentuk pada produk, (4) perencanaan rinci/detail. Alat-alat yang digunakan untuk membuat mesin pemecah buah coklat dengan daya 5.5 HP ini adalah: (1) kertas, (2) pensil, (3) kom-puter, (4) software catia, (5) printer. Langkah proses pembuatan mesin pemecah buah coklat dengan daya 5.5 HP ini adalah: (1) mencari produk jadi yang tersedia dipasaran, (2) me-milih material dan teknik produksi, (3) mendalami keter-batasan ruang, (4) mengidentifikasi komponen-komponen produk, (5) menge-mbangkan interface atau titik kontak antara dua buah komponen, (6) member bentuk, (7) evaluasi, (8) perbaikan material dan cara produksi, (9) perbaikan bentuk.Mesin pemecah buah coklat ini me-mpunyai spesifikasi antara lain: (1) berdimensi 500 x 1300 x 1100 mm, (2) me-mpunyai daya penggerak motor bensin  dengan daya 5.5 HP, (3) system transmisi mengguna-kan sabuk dan puli, (4) proses me-mecahkan buah coklat me-merlukan wakti 288 kg/jam (288 kg dalam waktu 1 jam), (5) taksiran harga jual yang ditawarkan adalah senilai Rp. 2.958.260,- Kata kunci: buah, coklat, daya, mesin
27 RANCANG BANGUN MESIN PENGANGKAT SAMPAH SISTEM CHAIN CONVEYOR OTOMATIS
Authors: Mubarrak Zawil , Azwar Azwar , Turmizi Turmizi , Nurlaili Nurlaili , Yuniati Yuniati
Published: March 2021

Kota Lhokseumawe yang pernah diklaim menjadi kota bebas sampah ini juga terkenal karena dua kali mendapatkan penghargaan Adipura oleh Presiden RI. Dalam hal mengelola sampah pada tahun 2009 dan 2010. Akan tetapi volume sampah yang ada di selokan dan di Waduk Lhokseumawe tentu permasalahan serius yang membutuhkan perhatian khusus. Kesadaran masyarakat akan kebersihan penulis rasa masih sangat kurang. Kedisiplinan dalam membuang sampah harusnya selalu di terapkan. Dengan terwujudnya mesin pengangkat sampah sistem chain conveyor otomatis ini dapat mengurangi penumpukan sampah diselokan maupun irigasi yang bisa menghambat air mengalir. Dalam pengoperasian mesin ini dimana sensor mendeteksi jarak sampah yang terdapat pada aliran air dengan jarak 1 cm diatas permukaan air, sensor memberikan sinyal kepada micro controller untuk mengaktifkan motor penggerak bucket yang mengangkat sampah yang terdeteksi oleh sensor ultrasonic untuk dimasukan ke dalam bak sampah yang terdepat pada mesin pengangkat sampah otomatis. Motor akan hidup dalam durasi 2 menit 30 detik (00:02:30), dan motor akan hidup kembali ketika sensor mendeteksi sampah berikutnya. Beban maksimal yang dapat diangkat oleh bucket 5 kilogram.Kata kunci: Mesin Pengangkat Sampah Sistem Chain Conveyor Otomatis.
ANALISA PADUAN Cu-Zn TANPA TIMBAL SETELAH PROSES ANNEALING
Authors: Nasution Alfizzah , Ibrahim Akhyar , Jufriadi Jufriadi , Syamsuar Syamsuar
Published: March 2021

Kuningan adalah logam yang merupakan campuran dari tembaga dan seng. Kuningan sangat mudah untuk di bentuk ke dalam berbagai bentuk, sebuah konduktor panas yang baik, dan umumnya tahan terhadap korosi dari air garam. Karena sifat-sifat tersebut, kuningan kebanyakan digunakan untuk membuat pipa, tabung, sekrup, radiator, alat musik, aplikasi kapal laut, dan casing cartridge untuk senjata api. Penelitian ini menggunakan material tembaga bekas dan seng yang di cor dalam dapur induksi menggunakan cetakan pasir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi kimia, kekerasan kuningan dan struktur mikro yang terdapat pada material kuningan (CuZn). Sifat-sifat ini sangat berpengaruh terhadap kualitas produk coran kuningan.. Analisa data menunjukkan bahwa dari hasil pengujian komposisi kimia ditemukan beberapa unsur antara lain Ni (0.72%), Fe (0.65%), Pb ( 0.45%),Zn ( 32.76%), Cr (0.02%), Co (0.04%) Mn (0.05%) dan Sn (0,84%). Dari hasil pengujian kekerasan HRB didapatkan untuk variasi temperature annealing adalah 250°C sebesar 60.20 HRB, temperature 350°C sebesar 59.20 HRB, temperature 450°C sebesar 58.88 HRB dan untuk row material sebesar 58.00 HRBKata kunci : Kuningan (CuZn), Annealing, komposisi kimia, kekerasan,struktur mikro.
Construir un libro. Reflexiones sobre la edición, desde la arquitectura
Authors: Calatrava Escobar Juan
Published: March 2021

Se abordan algunos problemas actuales de la edición científica y cultural, especialmente referida al ámbito de la arquitectura, a partir de determinadas experiencias personales del autor y su trabajo como traductor, autor de libros y artículos, editor de revistas (Olvidos de Granada, Sileno) y de libros (Abada Editores) y asesor de numerosas editoriales. En particular, se cuestiona el actual sistema universitario español de evaluación de publicaciones científicas.
Encartes de la revista Figura, Figura Internacional y Papers d´Art
Authors: Sobre Editor
Published: March 2021

DOCUMENTOS INCLUIDOS EN LA SECCIÓN PASAJES Por orden de aparición: P128. Portada de Luis Gordillo para el nº0 de la revista Figura (1983) P129. Página editorial del nº0 de la revista Figura (1983) P130. Portada de Guillermo Pérez Villalta para el nº1 de la revista Figura (1983) P131. Página editorial del nº1 de la revista Figura (1983) P132. Página editorial del nº2 de la revista Figura Internacional (abril, 1988) P134. Página editorial del nº3 de la revista Figura Internacional (octubre, 1988) P137. Articulo de Guillermo Paneque «Ni tengo memoria ni falta que me hace» incluido en el nº3 de la revista Figura Internacional (octubre, 1988) P139-144. «Apuntes sobre dos proyectos editoriales: las revistas Figura y Arena Internacional». Entrevista a Mar Villaespesa realizada por Carme Ortiz. Dossier «Pensar la edición», en Papers D´Art, 2r trim 2002/ 4 rt trim 2002 . núm 82-83.
Ambientes de aprendizaje colaborativo y creación colectiva en 3 weeks bside project experience
Authors: Rodríguez Sánchez Carlos Javier
Published: March 2021

El presente artículo propone, una aproximación, revisión y reflexión socio-crítica del ambiente de aprendizaje colaborativo como agente pedagógico, y su relación con las comunidades de prácticas artísticas a travésde la creación colectiva. El principal objetivo es introducir el caso de estudio «3 weeks bside project experience» a través del método de investigación-acción participante, el análisis de diferentes conceptos y de sus aspectos teóricos y prácticos asociados, la fotografía y culturavisual ha actuado como herramienta de expresión y recogida de información. Encuadrado en un universo de desarrollo de autogestióneducativa, el proyecto ha basado su proceso en el aprendizaje colaborativo, focalizándolo en la construcción de un discurso conjunto en tornoa la idea del territorio, y representado a través de una publicación e instalación expositiva site specific colectiva como meta común y procesosimbólico asociado. La experiencia del proyecto permitió establecer una serie de posicionamientos que proponen una transferencia de lasformas de interacción social relacionadas con la construcción de ambientes de pertenencia, participación y transformación, el cuestionamientodel rol del profesor entendido como un agente participante y dinamizador, o la creación colectiva de un proyecto, incidiendo en laimportancia del proceso construido dentro de una comunidad temporal, más allá de la producción de artefactos culturales. Se abordarondichas estructuras dialógicas, donde la convivencia supusiera un espacio de reflexión crítica personal y común sobre el posicionamiento como autores, el entorno socio-cultural próximo y el vínculo dentro de la educación, artes y cultura visual focalizado en la capacidad del trabajo horizontal y flexible que propone la configuración de un ambiente de aprendizajecolaborativo.
Entrevista a Clive Phillpot
Authors: Maroto David
Published: March 2021

Clive Phillpot es un comisario de exposiciones, escritor y bibliotecario inglés. Entre 1977 y 1994 fue Director de la Biblioteca del Museo de Arte Moderno (MoMA) en Nueva York, donde fundó y comisarió la Colección de Libros de Artista. Anteriormente fue el bibliotecario de la Chelsea School of Art, en Londres. Ha escrito y editado numerosos artículos y libros relacionados con el libro de artista, cuyo concepto Phillpot ha contribuido decisivamente a definir. En los años sesenta y setenta el libro de artista emergió como un medio artístico accesible, al ser barato, portátil y distribuido masivamente. En esta entrevista intento comprender si aquellas expectativas han sobrevivido, actualizadas y transformadas en el fenómeno contemporáneo de la novela de artista.
Art History and Karaoke: Six Hands and a Cheese Sandwich
Authors: Pichler Michalis
Published: March 2021

We cannot precisely say what is not appropriation. Impossible to draw a categorical line. Appropriation is practiced everywhere and all the time, also by people who never have heard the word. As someone said before, no author has his complete meaning alone.
La edición y difusión en el graffiti. Una aproximación a la escena granadina de los noventa
Authors: Pérez Sendra Ramón
Published: March 2021

Los fanzines, sustentados principalmente por la fotografía documental, encarnaron el espíritu de colaboración en el graffiti de la década de los noventa a través de un proceso de intercambio de información específica e inexistente hasta ese momento. Analizamos todo esto en una época en la que el sistema de comunicación a distancia entre escritores de grafiti se basaba exclusivamente en el correo postal. Nuestro caso de estudio se centra en un contexto muy concreto, la escena del graffiti en la ciudad de Granada, desde su gestación como movimiento (1992-1993) hasta la llegada de internet (1997-1998), abarcando un período dinámico de producción de material gráfico y visual. De esta forma, consideraremos el paralelismo existente entre los modos de hacer en el graffiti y las formas de edición y difusión, analizando los conceptos de viajar, explorar y compartir información.
2. Taller de edición en arquitectura
Authors: Sobre Editor
Published: March 2021

FICHA TÉCNICA Fecha 8-15 noviembre 2017 Lugar Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Granada Organización y profesorado David Arredondo Garrido. Profesor ETSA, Universidad de Granada. Coordinador. Domingo Campillo García. Profesor Universidad Murcia. Marisa Mancilla Abril. Profesora BBAA, Universidad Granada. Ethel Baraona Pohl. Dpr-Barcelona. Profesora invitada. Antonio Collados Alcaide. Profesor BBAA, Universidad de Granada. Alumnos participantes Lorena Iáñez Costela, Ana Abril Prieto, Javier Pleguezuelos Tenorio, Mario Sánchez Samos, Jesús Villar Quintana, Eugenia Winschu, Diego Lidón Segura, Paula Cuesta Pérez, Blanca Rodríguez Huertas, Patricia Huertas García, Laura Muñoz González, Marta Juste González, Alejandro Rivero Collado, David Gómez Martín, Alejandro Pérez García, Francisco Adame Pedrajas, Alba Jiménez Navas, Mario Martínez Santoyo. Entidades colaboradoras Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas. Universidad de Granada. Vicerrectorado de Investigación y Transferencia. Universidad de Granada. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Granada. Facultad de Bellas Artes de la Universidad de Granada. Faculta de Bellas Artes de la Universidad de Murcia. Grupo de investigación HUM813. Arquitectura y Cultura Contemporánea.
Дипептидный препарат ноопепт: дизайн, фармакологические свойства и механизм действия
Authors: Островская Рита Ушеровна , Гудашева Татьяна Александровна
Published: March 2021

Представлен обзор собственных работ, который посвящен истории создания, фармакологическим и клиническим свойствам ноотропного дипептидного препарата Ноопепта. Он был создан в НИИ фармакологии им. В. В. Закусова с использованием оригинальной химико-фармакологической стратегии дизайна лекарственных средств, заключающейся в движении от известного нейропсихотропного препарата к ранее неизвестному фармакологически активному короткому пептиду. Из серии топологически близких пирацетаму N-ацилпролинсодержащих дипептидов для расширенного фармакологического исследования на основании высокой активности и препаративной доступности в качестве потенциального ноотропного препарата был отобран этиловый эфир N-фенилацетил-L-пролилглицина (ГВС-111, GVS-111, SGS-111, получивший название Ноопепт: от слов «ноотропный» и «пептид»). В статье приводятся данные фармакологического изучения ноопепта, установившего наличие трёх основных видов активности — ноотропной, анксиолитической и нейропротективной. Описываются молекулярные механизмы действия ноопепта, приводятся данные фармакокинетических исследований, выявивших его высокую биодоступность и тропность для тканей мозга, и токсикологических, показавших его низкую токсичность. Приводится краткое описание данных клинического исследования, выполненного под руководством академика С. Б. Середенина.
Retrospective analysis of infection of young sheep with intestinal cestodosis in the plain and mountainous zones of the Republic of Dagestan
Authors: Musaev Z. G. , Kabardiev S. Sh. , Gyulakhmedova N. Kh.
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the research is analysis of infection with intestinal cestodosis of young sheep in the plain and mountainous zones of the Republic of Dagestan.

Materials and methods. For a number of years, on the basis of the Caspian Zonal Scientific Research Veterinary Institute – Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Agrarian Scientific Center of the Republic of Dagestan”, of the laboratory for the study of infective diseases of livestock and birds, we carried out studies of sheep fecal specimens from various regions of the Republic of Dagestan and tested various antiparasitic drugs.

Results and discussion. It has been established that sheep cestodosis are ubiquitous in the Republic, although there are effective antiparasitic drugs, including those of domestic production. The infection extensity by Moniezia sp. in 2015 was 67.8%, Thysaniezia sp. – 12.5%, and Avitellina sp. – 6.2%. In 2016, infections continued to be recorded at a high level. In 2017, monieziosis of lambs was recorded with the infection extensity of 24.0–30.0% and with the infection intensity value of 1.5–6.4 sp. per animal. Avitellinosis was noted in 17.0–23.6 % of sheep with an infection intensity value of 1.0–4.8 sp. per animal. Cestodosis in sheep in 2019 are also found, but less frequently.
Dynamics of intestinal parasite infections in domestic dogs in the city of Perm
Authors: Sivkova T. N. , Chetanov N. A.
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the research is comparative analysis of the dynamics of intestinal helminth and protozoa infections in domestic dogs in Perm, and establishment of a relationship between the prevalence of infection with certain pathogens.

Materials and methods. Samples of feces from domestic dogs from Perm were material for the study. Feces were examined by the combined Kotelnikov-Khrenov method and method of successive washing. The results were processed statistically using the Statistica 10.0 software.

Results and discussion. The prevalence of infection with parasites over a 15-year period ranged from 15.38% in 2006 to 44.30% in 2008, and 26.54% in average. The leading position is occupied by Sarcocystis spp. (Lankester, 1882) – 5.92%, Toxocara canis (Werner, 1782) – 5.50% and Isospora canis (Nemesri, 1960) – 2.6%, while the rest of the parasites account for an insignificant amount of identified cases. Statistical analysis of the ten most common parasites among dogs in Perm by years showed a direct relationship between the lungworm Oslerus osleri (sin Filaroides osleri, Cobbold, 1876) and the heteroxenous Coccidia Sarcocystis spp. (rs = 0.572; P < 0.05), as well as a negative correlation between Cryptosporidium spp. (Tyzzer, 1907) and Isospora ohioensis (Dubey, 1975) (rs = -0.526; P < 0.05). When studying Toxocara infection in dogs in different seasons of the year, an increase in the infection prevalence was noted in February with a minimum in July-August. For isosporosis, we identified the spring (March) and more pronounced autumn (September) peaks in infection. Sarcocystosis reached minimum levels of the infection prevalence in September with peaks in May-July. Any correlation between the degree of T. canis, Sarcocystis spp. and I. canis infection in domestic dogs has not been found, which indicates an independent circulation of these pathogens in the urban environment, which does not allow for long-term forecasts of levels of infection, and this must be taken into account when organizing the work of veterinary service.
Efficacy of solid dispersion of fenbendazole against gastrointestinal strongylatosis of young cattle
Authors: Varlamova A. I. , Arkhipov I. A. , Sadov K. M. , Khalikov S. S. , Arisov M. V. , Borzunov E. N.
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the research is to study the efficacy of solid dispersion of fenbendazole (SDF) against nematodoses of young cattle.

Materials and methods. The study of SDF, obtained by mechanochemical processing of fenbendazole substance with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) polymer, was carried out on 126 young cattle naturally infected with nematodiroses and other gastrointestinal strongylatoses. The animals were divided into 6 experimental groups of 10–11 animals each and SDF was administered once orally at doses of 2.0; 3.0 and 4.0 mg/kg of active substance (a.s.) (I-III groups) in comparison with the mechanical mixture of fenbendazole (FBZ) and PVP in a ratio of 1:9 (IV group) and substance FBZ at a dose of 3.0 mg/kg (group V) against each helminthosis. The control group of animals did not receive the drugs. Anthelmintic efficacy was evaluated in the "control test" based on the data of ovoscopic examination of feces of young cattle by flotation method before and 17 days after drugs administration.

Results and discussion. SDF with PVP at a dose of 2.0; 3.0 and 4.0 mg/kg of a.s. in the form of a 10% powder showed respectively 88.4; 97.3 and 100% efficiency at nematodiroses and 89.2; 98.4 and 99.5 % activity against other types of gastrointestinal strongylates upon obtaining 32.3 and 32.4 % effect of the mechanical mixture of FBZ with PVP and 29.7 and 27.4% efficiency of the base preparation at a dose of 3.0 mg/kg. SDF showed 88.4; 97.3 and 100% of efficacy at doses of 2.0; 3.0 and 4.0 mg/kg of a.s., respectively, against nematodiroses and 89.2; 98.4 and 99.5% against other gastrointestinal strongylatoses in the form of 10% powder. It should be noted that mechanical mixture of PBZ with PVP showed 32.3 and 32.4% efficacy and the efficacy of the basic drug was 29.7 and 27.4% at a dose of 3.0 mg/kg against each helminthosis.
DIGITAL MEDIA USE OF GENERATION Z DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Si Hoan Luong Cu
Published: March 2021

This study examines the depth (frequency), and width (different types) of digital media use about COVID-19 pandemic by Indonesian Gen Z. Participants come from several regions and consist of Gen Z who were born between 1995-2010. A survey towards 326 participants found that WhatsApp, Instagram, and YouTube are platforms that were used by Gen Z in their daily life. Meanwhile, this generation chose WhatsApp as the platform to share information on COVID-19 and other platforms like Instagram and Twitter to receive and post information, image, video, opinion, and personal experiences related to COVID-19. Finding also shows that in daily life, the participants can be categorised as heavy users because they spent more than four hours a day to use digital media. In contrast, they only spent less than an hour per day to find and share information about COVID-19. Therefore, this study argues that there are differences in media preference between daily life and toward COVID-19 pandemic information.
ISLAMIC FASTING DURING RAMADAN WILL NEGATIVELY IMPACT ON PANDEMIC OF COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2)
Authors: Niknamian Sorush
Published: March 2021

The aim of this review is to prove Islamic Fasting during COVID-19 pandemic has negative effect on the spreading of the virus. Basically Water makes up about 60% of one’s body weight. Fasting in Islamic religion is to stop drinking and eating any kinds of food/drinks (Water). even a little amount is forbidden during this month (Ramadan) and the duration is almost 29-30 days. In this review, we have mentioned the impact of fasting in causing Organ/Cellular inflammation, dehydration, dampen cellular/body metabolism which reduces producing enough ATP by mitochondrion through citric acid cycle (CAC) which causes body and organ weakness, dizziness, tiredness and reduction in immune system functioning of the body and increasing the amounts of Reactive Oxygen Species in cells that increasing the possibility of contamination the fasted individual to several important diseases. Infectious diseases including microbial/viral diseases, high abnormal heart rate as a result of falling blood volume which put high pressure on heart and worsen heart disease. The humidity and temperature of the environment in spring time is also help spreading viruses including SARS-CoV-2. Based on evidences in this article, Islamic Fasting during the pandemic of COVID-19 will increase the rate of contaminated people.
Non-orthogonal elastoplastic constitutive model with the critical state for clay
Authors: Liang Jingyu , Lu Dechun , Zhou Xin , Du Xiuli , Wu Wei
Published: March 2021

A non-orthogonal elastoplastic model for clay is proposed by combining the non-orthogonal plastic flow rule with the critical state concept, and the model framework is presented from the perspective of the magnitude and direction of the plastic strain increment. The magnitude is obtained based on the improved elliptical yield function and the plastic volumetric strain dependent hardening parameter. The direction is determined by ap-plying the non-orthogonal plastic flow rule with the Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative to the yield function without the necessity of additional plastic potential function. The presented approach gives rise to a simple model for soil with five parameters. All parameters have clear physical meaning and can be easily identified by triaxial tests. The model performance is shown by analyzing the evolution process of the yield surface, the hardening rule and the plastic flow direction. The capability of the proposed model to capture the mechanical behaviours of clay with different stiffness is also confirmed by predicting test results from the literature.
Weapons Effect
Authors: Benjamin Arlin James
Published: March 2021

This entry summarizes research on the weapons effect, in which short‐term exposure to weapons or weapon images instigates aggressive cognitive and behavioral responses. This is a phenomenon that has been studied and debated for several decades. In that time, questions about the replicability and ultimately the validity of the weapons effect have been asked, especially in the context of recent meta‐analytic research. Noteworthy recent experiments purporting to demonstrate the weapons effect using ecologically valid measures and settings will also be examined.
Semantic Knowledge Constrains the Processing of Serial Order Information in Working Memory
Authors: Kowialiewski Benjamin , Gorin Simon , Majerus Steve
Published: March 2021

Long-term memory knowledge is considered to impact short-term maintenance of item information in working memory, as opposed to short-term maintenance of serial order information. Evidence supporting an impact of semantic knowledge on serial order maintenance remains weak. In the present study, we demonstrate that semantic knowledge can impact the processing of serial order information in a robust manner. Experiment 1 manipulated semantic relatedness effect by using semantic categories presented in subgroups of items (leaf – tree – branch – cloud – sky – rain). This semantic grouping manipulation was compared to a temporal grouping manipulation whose impact on the processing of serial order information is well-established. Both the semantic and temporal grouping manipulations constrained the occurrence of serial order errors in a robust manner: when migrating to a non-target serial position, items tended to do so most of the time toward the position of a semantically related item or within the same temporal group. Critically, this impact of semantic knowledge on the pattern of migration errors was not observed anymore in Experiment 2, in which we broke-up the semantic groups, by presenting the semantically related items an interleaved fashion (leaf – cloud – tree – sky – branch – rain). Both semantic and temporal grouping factors may reflect a general mechanism through which information is represented hierarchically. Alternatively, both factors could result from the syntactic and/or semantic regularities that naturally structure linguistic information. These results support models considering direct interactions between serial order and linguistic components of WM.
Touch and Voice in Communicating Positive and Negative Emotions
Authors: Oya Rika , Tanaka Akihiro
Published: March 2021

Previous research has revealed that nonverbal touch can communicate several emotions. This study compared the perception of emotions expressed by touch with that expressed by voice to examine the suitability of these channels to convey positive or negative emotions. In our experiment, the encoder expressed 12 emotions, including complex ones, by touching the decoder’s arm or uttering a syllable /e/, and the decoder judged the emotion. The results showed that positive emotions, such as love and gratitude, tended to be perceived more correctly when expressed by touch, while negative emotions such as sadness and disgust were perceived more correctly when expressed by voice. Interestingly, the average accuracy for touch and voice did not differ under the free expression method. These results suggest that different channels (touch and voice) have different superiority on the perception of positive and negative emotions.
State anhedonia in young healthy adults: psychometric properties of the German Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale (DARS) and effects of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wellan Sarah Aline , Daniels Anna , Walter Henrik
Published: March 2021

Healthy reward processing is a complex interplay of several components. Recent self-report measures of anhedonia, the decrease or loss of hedonic capacity, take this complexity into account. The Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale (DARS) measures interest, motivation, effort and consummatory pleasure across four domains: hobbies, food/drink, social activities and sensory experiences. In the present cross-sectional survey study, we validated the German version of the DARS in a sample of 557 young healthy adults. Factor structure as well as convergent and divergent validity were assessed. As a secondary aim, we examined the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on state anhedonia and depression severity. Our results suggest good convergent and divergent validity and high internal consistency of the German DARS. The original differentiation of four factors mapping onto the four domains was confirmed. We conclude that the DARS is a valid instrument to comprehensively assess state anhedonia in German samples. Future studies should further assess the utility of the German DARS in clinical contexts. In line with many previous reports, there were significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms during the pandemic. We found no indication that the COVID-19 pandemic affected state hedonic capacity.
Exploring individual differences in recognizing idiomatic expressions in context
Authors: Tilmatine Mesian , Hubers Ferdy , Hintz Florian
Published: March 2021

Written language comprehension requires readers to integrate incoming information with stored mental knowledge to construct meaning. Literally plausible idiomatic expressions can activate both figurative and literal interpretations, which convey different meanings. Previous research has shown that contexts biasing the figurative or literal interpretation of an idiom can facilitate its processing. Moreover, there is evidence that processing of idiomatic expressions is subject to individual differences in linguistic knowledge and cognitive-linguistic skills. It is therefore conceivable that individuals vary in the extent to which they experience context-induced facilitation in processing idiomatic expressions. To explore the interplay between reader-related variables and contextual facilitation, we conducted a self-paced reading experiment. We recruited participants who had recently completed a battery of 33 behavioural tests measuring individual differences in linguistic knowledge, general cognitive skills and linguistic processing skills. In the present experiment, a subset of these participants read idiomatic expressions that were either presented in isolation or preceded by a figuratively or literally biasing context. We conducted analyses on the reading times of idiom-final nouns and the word thereafter (spill-over region) across the three conditions, including participants’ scores from the individual differences battery. Our results showed no main effect of the preceding context, but substantial variation in contextual facilitation between readers. We observed main effects of participants’ word reading ability and non-verbal intelligence on reading times as well as an interaction between condition and linguistic knowledge. We encourage interested researchers to exploit the present dataset for follow-up studies on individual differences in idiom processing.
Simplifying Research Oriented to Practitioners and Policymakers: A Case Study of Predictive Modelling with Naive Bayes
Authors: Smith Troy
Published: March 2021

The study examines the applicability of Naïve Bayes in predictive classification modelling using a case study of cybercrime victimization data. The goal of which was a targeted presentation of the benefits of Bayesian analysis in crime research geared to policymakers. The method is assessed using a Model-Comparison Approach and model performance metrics. The study shows that Naïve Bayes can be useful in predictive classification where the target population is small or difficult to acquire such as offender profiling and analysis of high crime areas. This is important as it provides a plausible option to traditional Frequentist methods, that overcome statistical limitations and provides results in a form easily conveyable to policymakers. Further, the conditional probability data produced makes future prediction transparent and can foster confidence in predicted outcomes. In particular, Directed Acyclic Graph can be easily used to represent the Naïve Bayes output allowing visualization of the relationships between variables.
Qualitative Data Sharing: Participant Understanding, Motivation, and Consent
Authors: VandeVusse Alicia , Mueller Jennifer , Karcher Sebastian
Published: March 2021

Expectations to share data underlying studies are increasing, but research on how participants, particularly those in qualitative research, respond to requests for data sharing is limited. We studied research participants’ willingness to, understanding of, and motivations for data sharing. As part of a larger qualitative study on abortion reporting, we conducted interviews with 64 cisgender women in two states in early 2020 and asked for consent to share de-identified data. At the end of interviews, we asked participants to reflect on their motivations for agreeing or declining to share their data. The vast majority of respondents consented to data sharing and reported that helping others was a primary motivation for agreeing to share their data. However, a substantial number of participants showed a limited understanding of the concept of “data sharing.” Additional research is needed on how to improve participants’ understanding of data sharing and thus ensure fully informed consent.
Social Scientists on Crime in the 20th century
Authors: Fleury Jean-Baptiste
Published: March 2021

Social scientific research on crime in the 20th century
Changes in Jail Admissions Before and After Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Schwartz Joseph , Wright Emily M , Spohn Ryan , Campagna Michael , Steiner Benjamin , Epinger Ebonie
Published: March 2021

Objectives: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is differentially concentrated within incarcerated populations. Despite the consistency of this observation, the timing of within-individual changes in criminal justice contact in relation to TBI remains under-investigated. For example, previous studies have primarily considered TBI as a causal influence of later criminal justice contact. However, TBI may also serve as a consequence of criminal justice contact or a criminogenic lifestyle. The current study simultaneously observes both possibilities by examining criminal justice contact before, around the time of, and after the first reported TBI. Methods: Drawing from a combination of self-report and lifetime official record data from a jail cohort admitted between February 2017 and September 2017 and who sustained their first reported TBI at age 21 or older (N = 531), the current study examines jail admissions in the 24 months before and 24 months after the first reported TBI and across eight biannual intervals (N = 4,248 person-periods). Results: Any and misdemeanor admissions slightly increased pre-TBI and continued to increase around the time of and following TBI, never returning to pre-TBI levels. Felony admissions remained stable around the time of injury and increased post-TBI. Further analyses that incorporated a comparison group revealed that these patterns are unique to the TBI group and not a result of a larger systematic process. Conclusions: These findings indicate that the probability of jail admission is greatest post-TBI, but also increases leading up to sustaining a TBI.
Análisis numérico de un destilador solar tipo caseta
Authors: Flores-Valencia Moises Abraham
Published: March 2021

La demanda de agua potable para consumo humano y para satisfacer ciertas necesidades en la población ha aumentado considerablemente. Para dar solución a dicha demanda, la destilación solar viene a contribuir en el aumento de la sustentabilidad y representa día a día una alternativa idónea para resolver los problemas esenciales de escasez de agua. Un destilador solar cuenta con una cubierta de vidrio que se utiliza como condensador y un recipiente absorbedor (charola metálica), en el cual se deposita el fluido a destilar. La radiación solar incide en el dispositivo y aumenta la temperatura del recipiente absorbedor y posteriormente del fluido, iniciándose así la evaporación. Como la superficie interna de la cubierta de vidrio se encuentra a una temperatura menor, el vapor al tener contacto con ella se condensa, recolectando así el fluido destilado. Dentro de los muchos parámetros que intervienen en el funcionamiento de un destilador solar se encuentra el ángulo de inclinación de la cubierta de vidrio. En este proyecto se analiza por el método de la Dinámica de Fluidos Computacional (CFD, del inglés Computational Fluid Dynamics) cómo afecta la variación del ángulo en el comportamiento térmico del dispositivo. Las variables que se analizan son la temperatura, densidad y velocidad del fluido. Los resultados muestran que la diferencia de temperatura y de densidad entre la cubierta de vidrio y el recipiente aumenta conforme aumenta el ángulo de inclinación en todos los horarios, hasta alcanzar un valor máximo local para γ=35°. Dadas las condiciones de este trabajo, éste parece ser el ángulo óptimo, puesto que a una mayor diferencia de temperatura entre dos regiones del volumen se genera una mayor transferencia de calor entre ellas. Se concluye además que el flujo de fluido tiende a seguir un régimen laminar para ángulos de 5° a 25°, mientras que el flujo sigue un comportamiento turbulento para ángulos de 30° a 40°.
Peran Kepemilikan Manajerial dalam Memoderasi Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Leverage, Ukuran Perusahaan, Kebijakan Dividen Terhadap Manajemen Laba pada Perusahaan BUMN
Authors: Sari Naomi Puspita , Khafid Muhammad
Published: March 2021

Abstrak - Laporan keuangan sebagai media penghubung antara manajemen dengan pemilik merupakan sumber informasi penting sehingga harus bersifat andal dan relevan. Akan tetapi, laporan keuangan rawan dipermainkan oleh manajemen dan dapat menyesatkan penggunanya. Manajemen dapat mengintervensi laporan keuangan untuk memenuhi tujuan tertentu dengan melakukan manajemen laba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan memperoleh bukti empiris mengenai pengaruh profitabilitas, leverage, ukuran perusahaan dan kebijakan dividen terhadap manajemen laba dengan dimoderasi kepemilikan manajerial. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan BUMN yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2016-2018. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling dan menghasilkan 39 unit analisis. Teknik analisis data untuk menguji hipotesis menggunakan moderated regression analysis dengan software IBM SPSS Statistics 21. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa leverage berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap manajemen laba. Profitabilitas, ukuran perusahaan dan kebijakan dividen tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tindakan manajemen laba. Penelitian ini menemukan kepemilikan manajerial dalam perusahaan BUMN mampu memoderasi pengaruh leverage terhadap manajemen laba.
ВЫРАЖЕНИЕ РИСК-РЕФЛЕКСИЙ ЧЕРЕЗ ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ДИСКУРСА ВРАЖДЫ В МЕДИАСФЕРЕ
Authors: Сунами А. Н. , Труфанов Г. А.
Published: March 2021

In this article, the authors presented a modern point of view on the essence of the discourse of hostility in media and its influence on the formation of the negative type of image of certain social groups. The problem of using information distribution systems and communication technologies to implement a policy of installing of hostility allows us to state the relevance of research in this area. Recently, the model of confrontation and antagonism, “drawing demarcation lines” has gained significant popularity, making aggressive rhetoric the norm of social reality. All those aspects lead to negative changes in the interaction of individuals and social groups. Enmity in this case can materialize in entire propaganda campaigns to demonize various objectionable and dehumanize on a certain basis. Modern history has many relevant examples of artificial incorporation of the idea of enmity through the media, which is often transformed in reality into open protests, riots, and the articulation of hatred. Under the discourse of enmity, we will understand a special type of communication relations, through which individuals or groups are in the process of a long and purposeful confrontation with the subsequent destructive and negative result. This study attempts to analyze the role of the media as an agent and operator of incorporating the discourse of hostility. The authors concluded that the discursive practices of hostility present in the modern media space always correspond to the current, current political and social context by their results. As a result, we can say that their conflict potential is very high, which can manifest itself in the aggravation of contradictions between interest groups, both settled and unsettled.
ЦЕННОСТИ И СМЫСЛЫ НЕНАСИЛИЯ В ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОМ ПРОТЕСТЕ
Authors: Логунова Л. Ю. , Маженина Е. А.
Published: March 2021

The article presents the results of a long-term study of protest as a cultural phenomenon, the transformation of values, realized in the activities of the best people of the planet and their followers. These values have absorbed the experience of many generations and the behavior of people defending the rights of an individual to dignity, equality before the law, fair attitude, freedom of thought. In the history of the development of political thought, values have formed that constitute the core of civil culture. The genesis of the birth of the nucleus of civil culture from the thinkers of Antiquity, ideologists of nonviolent resistance, leaders of the French bourgeois revolution, activists of the “new left” movement to the protests of our time is shown. The basis for updating the protection of these values is the socio-political situation, characterized by the divergence of interests of civil society and ruling political groups. The values of the core of civil culture (freedom of speech, freedom of conscience, freedom of assembly, human rights) acquire an acute urgency in situations of power crisis. This is the time of the birth of new values that will mobilize new generations of protesters. Protest, as an act of protecting the values of the individual, is a measure of the level of development of political culture in the state. The protest — it's not just a mass exit of dissent on the area. This is an indicator of the level of self-awareness of citizens and the development of the political culture of society. The symbols of political protest actions are a special text that expresses the meanings of values. The authors present the results of a sociological study, which used comparative, value-semantic, interpretive approaches, studied the meanings and values of political protests of the 20th — early 19th centuries, analyzed visual and publicistic evidence of protest actions: photo and video materials, publications in the press.
Pendekatan Geometri untuk Perhitungan Inverse Kinematics Gerakan Lengan Robot 4 Derajat Kebebasan
Authors: Nugraha Ilham Defra
Published: March 2021

Dalam penelitian ini telah berhasil dikembangkan sebuah robot lengan empat derajat kebebasan yang mampu bergerak dalam ruang tiga dimensi. Gerakan robot dalam lingkungan dimodelkan dengan cara menetapkan posisi ujung bagian robot dalam sistem koordinat kartesius yang terdiri dari sumbu-x, sumbu-y, dan sumbu-z. Robot bergerak dengan memutar sendi-sendi nya, maka besarnya sudut putaran sendi tersebut harus dihitung agar ujung robot dapat bergerak mencapai koordinat posisi yang diinginkan. Inverse Kinematics adalah proses matematis yang dapat menghitung besarnya sudut sendi robot dari diketahui koordinat posisi ujung robot. Dalam penelitian ini rumus Inverse Kinematics untuk menghitung sudut sendi menggunakan pendekatan geometri. Rumus Inverse Kinematic digunakan untuk menyusun program kontroler agar kontroler dapat mengkalkulasi sudut putar sendi dari diinput data koordinat posisi tujuan gerak yang diinginkan, kemudian kontroler mengirim sinyal memutarkan motor listrik yang memutar sendi tersebut, dimana besar sudut putarnya sesuai hasil kalkulasi. Prototipe robot yang dibuat memiliki empat sendi putar, di ujung bagian robot terdapat modul gripper yang dapat mencengkram benda, dan bentangan maksimumnya adalah 31,85cm. Hasil pengujian gerak menunjukan rata-rata kesalahan koordinatnya adalah 9,415mm.Kata kunci: Robot, Sendi, Gerak, Putar, Sudut, Koordinat, Posisi, Kinematika.
Personalized Treatment of 6-Mercaptopurine in Thai Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Buaboonnam Jassada , Sanpakit Kleebsabai , Tharnpanich Trai
Published: March 2021

Thanks to its ability to inhibit deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis, 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), is one of the indispensable medications for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. Nevertheless, some patients may succumb to myelotoxicity, leading to treatment disruption or even life-threatening events. Owing to the advances in pharmacogenomics, the genetic polymorphism of genes regulating purine synthesis has been identified and physicians can adjust the dose of 6-MP according to each polymorphism. Such polymorphisms genetically vary among ethnicities. In this article, 2 genetic polymorphisms, namely thiopurine methyltransferase and Nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X) type motif 15, are clinically discussed, with a special focus on the clinical studies in Thai children with ALL.
Vitamin D: An Essential Micronutrient for Bone Health
Authors: Jaruratanasirikul Somchit
Published: March 2021

Vitamin D is an essential micronutrient in children for bone mineralization and bone growth. There are two forms of natural vitamin D, vitamin D2 and vitamin D3. Natural vitamin D is obtained from 2 main sources, dietary vitamin D intake and cutaneous vitamin D synthesis from sunlight exposure. Natural vitamin D requires a 2-step enzymatic hydroxylation process to be turned into active form of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, firstly, 25-hydroxylation in the liver, and secondly, 1α-hydroxylation in the kidneys. Although breast milk is highly nutritive containing adequate amounts of most important vitamins, it contains only a small amount of vitamin D, approximately 15-50 IU/L, which does not reach the recommended daily requirement of 400 IU for infants. Exclusively breastfed infants are at risk to develop vitamin D deficiency if sunlight exposure is limited. Despite the excess of sunshine for the whole year in Southeast Asian countries including Thailand, various studies have found that more than 30.0% of children and adolescents had vitamin D insufficiency. The factors associated with vitamin D insufficiency in children include maternal vitamin D deficiency, exclusively breastfed as infants, insufficient daytime outdoor activities, use of sunscreens, extensive skin coverage by clothing, and lack of vitamin D supplementation and dietary fortification. To prevent vitamin D deficiency in infants, a global consensus in 2016 recommended that vitamin D supplementation should be included in routine national health care programs along with other essential micronutrients and immunizations.