bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Preclinical Coursework Perception Among Dental Students from India and the Republic of North Macedonia
Authors: Batra Manu , Ambarkova Vesna , Gijwani Deeksha , Popli Hansika , Stavreva Natasa , Apostolska Sonja , Narang Niharika , Mutneja Tamanna , Jankulovska Mira , Ivanovski Kiro
Published: December 2021

Background. The difference in the preclinical curriculum and teaching methodology between European and Southeast Asian countries has a great influence on the process of choosing which education model is predominant and, therefore, students’ opinion on the effectiveness of a preclinical coursework is diverse.

The objective of the research was to assess the perception of the preclinical coursework in prosthodontics, conservative dentistry, and endodontics among Indian and North Macedonian students.

Materials and Methods. This cross-sectional comparative study was carried out among 3rd-year students, final-year students and interns of dental schools of two respective countries. The data were collected in July 2021 using Google Form, a link to which was sent via available social media platforms. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSSv.21.0 (IBM) software.

Results. The data on dental students’ perception of the preclinical coursework were obtained, analyzed, compared, and discussed. A total of 50% of Indian students stated preclinical exercises to be good to get knowledge about treating patients, whereas 47% of North Macedonian students felt the average level of knowledge needed for treating patient.

Conclusions. In this study, the majority of the students were in favor of attending the preclinical course and understood its importance for building up their confidence, better understanding of the subject and better patient handling in future dental practice. However, there were different students’ opinions on the course content, its duration, exercises, faculty interaction, helpfulness of theory lectures that evidence essentiality to view dental studies from a student-centered perspective.
Recomendaciones para el desarrollo de sistemas de alimentación bovina en el trópico alto colombiano
Authors: Avellaneda Yesid
Published: December 2021

El principal objetivo de esta cartilla es promover sistemas sostenibles de producción bovina y mejorar las condiciones del sector rural del trópico alto colombiano, ya que esta zona, además de generar un volumen alto de la leche consumida en todo el país, tiene un alto valor ecológico por sus ecosistemas de zonas planas y de ladera. Para la optimización del sistema de alimentación de los bovinos esta publicación presenta conceptos clave para los productores como son: planeación del recurso forrajero en función de los requerimientos de los animales y la oferta de biomasa de la finca, reconocimiento de las características químicas de los suelos para aprovechar al máximo la relación suelo-planta-animal, identificación de los materiales forrajeros promisorios y uso de los recursos alimenticios de manera estratégica para lograr maximizar el potencial productivo de los animales. ¡Recuerde que de la eficiencia productiva de su sistema depende su competitividad y sostenibilidad!
Direct Access for Patients to Diagnostic Testing and Results Using eHealth: Systematic Review on eHealth and Diagnostics
Authors: Versluis Anke , Schnoor Kyma , Chavannes Niels H , Talboom-Kamp Esther PWA
Published: December 2021

Background

The number of people with chronic diseases and the subsequent pressure on health care is increasing. eHealth technology for diagnostic testing can contribute to more efficient health care and lower workload.

Objective

This systematic review examines the available methods for direct web-based access for patients to diagnostic testing and results in the absence of a health care professional in primary care.

Methods

We searched the PubMed, Embase, Web of Sciences, Cochrane Library, Emcare, and Academic Search Premier databases in August 2019 and updated in July 2021. The included studies focused on direct patient access to web-based triage leading to diagnostic testing, self-sampling or testing, or web-based communication of test results. A total of 45 studies were included. The quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.

Results

Most studies had a quantitative descriptive design and discussed a combination of services. Diagnostic test services mainly focused on sexually transmitted infections. Overall, the use was high for web-based triage (3046/5000, >50%, who used a triage booked a test), for self-sampling or self-testing kits (83%), and the result service (85%). The acceptability of the test services was high, with 81% preferring home-based testing over clinic-based testing. There was a high rate of follow-up testing or treatment after a positive test (93%).

Conclusions

The results show that direct access to testing and result services had high use rates, was positively evaluated, and led to high rates of follow-up treatment. More research on cost-effectiveness is needed to determine the potential for other diseases. Direct access to diagnostic testing can lower the threshold for testing in users, potentially increase efficiency, and lower the workload in primary care.
Effects of Aerobic Exercise and High-Intensity Interval Training on the Mental Health of Adolescents Living in Poverty: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Poon Kean
Published: December 2021

Background

The increasing rate of mental health issues among adolescents has recently been a considerable concern in Hong Kong. In particular, adolescents with low socioeconomic status (SES) are likely to experience poor mental health, including low self-esteem and high levels of anxiety, anger, and depression. Previous research has found that physical activities have a positive impact on improving mental health outcomes among adolescents. However, approximately 96% of adolescents in Hong Kong do not engage in regular exercise, which potentially increases the risk of poor mental health.

Objective

In this study, we aim to examine whether changes in the 3 indicators (reduced ill-being, enhanced well-being, and cognitive functions) of mental health among adolescents with low SES are evident before and after exercise. In addition, this study compares the effectiveness of aerobic exercise and high-intensity interval training on these indicators among adolescents with low SES.

Methods

A total of 78 participants from low-income families aged between 12 and 15 years from 3 to 4 secondary schools will be recruited for this study. They will be randomly assigned to either an aerobic exercise group (26/78, 33%), a high-intensity interval training group (26/78, 33%), or a control group (26/78, 33%). Participants in the first 2 groups will take part in a 10-week training program period. Participants in the control group will participate in other physical activities during the same intervention period. The training sessions will be conducted 3 times per week on nonconsecutive days. A range of neuropsychological tests and psychometric scales will be used to measure the executive functions and indicators of psychological well-being and ill-being, including enjoyment, self-efficacy, mood, depression, anxiety, and stress at pretest, posttest, and follow-up assessments.

Results

The project was funded in 2021 by the Research Matching Grant Scheme, through the University Grants Committee of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government. Ethical approval has been obtained from the author’s institution. Participant recruitment will begin in January 2022 and continue through to April 2022. Data collection and follow-up are expected to be completed by the end of 2022. The results are expected to be submitted for publication in 2023.

Conclusions

The findings will help inform policy makers and practitioners in promoting the importance of physical exercise to enhance mental health.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT050293888; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT05029388

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/34915
The Age of Questions: Or, a First Attempt at an Aggregate History of the Eastern, Social, Woman, American, Jewish, Polish, Bullion, Tuberculosis, and Many Other Questions Over the Nineteenth Century, and Beyond, by Holly Case, 2018.
Authors: Remz Sean
Published: December 2021

Holly Case’s most adventurous work as of yet seeks to juxtapose patterns common to nineteenth century publicists’ questions in order to reveal the contradictions of the age. Case devotes each chapter to a particular theme or ideological quality of the querists, which are in dispute with one another, and yet feature common idioms of progress and geopolitical reconfiguration. Internal to each chapter are the oxymoronic imbrications between conceptual polarities such as nationalism and the international public sphere, war through peace, gravitas with farce, and more. Case explains the prevalence of high-stakes public policy, prospects of war and the convulsive realignment of empires and nations through the persistent bundling of many of these questions. She addresses the ebb and flow of popularity of many era-spanning questions, which strengthens her attempt to provide a genealogy for the crises and ‘questions’ of our current era, and her accounting for how queristic contradictions were perceived to be transcended. It is reasonable to suggest that Case has provided a foundational step for an emergent niche of epistemological inquiry in the historical discipline, not unlike Benedict Anderson’s contribution to the study of nationalism through his magnum opus Imagined Communities.
Vietnamese EFL pre-service teachers’ perceptions of the quality of a training course on English Language Teacher Education
Authors: Nguyen Anh Thi , Nguyen Thi Ngoc Lien
Published: December 2021

The present study aims to investigate perceptions of pre-service teachers of English on the quality of a training course on English Language Teacher Education. Thirty-nine pre-service teachers who had just completed their training program at a university participated in the study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The results show that the pre-service teachers on the whole showed a high level of satisfaction with the quality of the training course. However, the results indicate certain variances in the way the pre-service teachers responded to the issue of quality. The study also indicates suggestions proposed by pre-service teachers regarding how to help the university improve the quality of education and training as well as the services it offers. Accordingly, this study brings significant insights for related stakeholders in achieving a better quality for education.
Analysis of Problems and Countermeasures in Bilingual Teaching of Marketing Specialty
Authors: Feng Wanling
Published: December 2021

In the context of economic globalization, cultivating students’ cross-cultural marketing ability is becoming more and more important; The implementation of bilingual teaching is an important way to cultivate and enhance this ability. In recent years, the rapid development of cross-border e-commerce and free trade zones has greatly increased the demand for bilingual marketing talents, which has promoted the rapid development of bilingual teaching of marketing specialty. From the perspective of international talent training, there are some problems in bilingual teaching of marketing specialty in Colleges and universities, such as textbook selection, teacher construction, students’ English level, teaching quality, curriculum incentive and so on. Based on the author’s five-year bilingual teaching experience of marketing specialty and the goal of international talent training, the bilingual teaching of marketing specialty can be improved from the following aspects: practicing the international educational concept.
Синтез пленок Zn2SNO4, осажденных с применением спрей-пиролиз-технологии, и их применение в газовых датчиках NO2 для прибора диагностики бронхиальной астмы
Authors: Полковников В.Е. , Строгонов А.В. , Меньшикова Т.Г. , Карионова А.А.
Published: December 2021

Описана спрей-пиролиз-технология осаждения из водных растворов солей металлов, поликристаллической пленки Zn2SnO4 с размером зерна 9 нм, вычисленным по формуле Шеррера. Нанесение пленки происходило распылением смеси растворов солей металлов на нагретую до 420 °С стеклянную подложку. Найден оптимальный режим нанесения и произведен контроль состава полученной структуры с помощью рентгенофазового анализа. Морфология поверхности пленки изучалась методом атомно-силовой микроскопии. Измерения электрических параметров пленки производились методом Ван-дер-Пау и с помощью эффекта Холла. Измерены удельное сопротивление пленки, тип проводимости, концентрация и подвижность носителей зарядов. Ширина запрещенной зоны определялась по спектрам поглощения света. С помощью полученной информации о составе и морфологии аналитическим путем на основе литературных и расчетных данных сделан вывод о возможности использования данного материала для сверхчувствительного датчика экспресс-контроля NO2 для прибора диагностики бронхиальной астмы.
Использование микролинз для увеличения разрешения оптической микроскопии и усиления комбинационного рассеяния
Authors: Яминский И.В. , Синицына О.В. , Ахметова А.И. , Сенотрусова С.А. , Пирязев А.А. , Кожина Е.П. , Бедин С.А.
Published: December 2021

При взаимодействии со светом микросферы формируют фотонную нанострую. Использование этого эффекта позволяет реализовать микроскопию сверхвысокого разрешения. Другим применением фотонной наноструи является усиление сигнала КРС. В работе показаны эффекты фотонной наноструи, применяемой для усиления КР-сигнала в комбинации с ГКР активными подложками при взаимодействии с ансамблями серебряных нанопроволок и наночастиц и использовании микросфер из титаната бария.
Mobile mud layer underneath the desiccated maar lake of Rincón de Parangueo and insights into its microbial fingerprints
Authors: Sánchez-Sánchez Janet , Cerca Mariano , Alcántara-Hernández Rocío J , Aranda-Gómez José Jorge , Carreón-Freyre Dora , Lozano-Flores Carlos , Muñoz-Velasco Israel , Levresse Gilles , Varela-Echavarría Alfredo
Published: December 2021

We surveyed a subsurface layer of saturated mobile mud and its microbial fingerprints below the desiccated bottom of a maar lake at Rincón de Parangueo (RP), Mexico. A multi-scale approach was followed using geological fieldwork, coring of the sediments, ground penetrating radar survey, physico-chemical characterization including X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope, and high-throughput DNA sequencing methods. The mobile mud is an organic-rich silty clay, with high values of alkalinity, volumetric water content and conductivity. Mud mobility has been attributed to overpressure caused by disequilibrium compaction of sediments related to active subsidence and pore overpressure produced by an input of groundwater and gas content in the sediments and resulted in a diverse set of structures related to mud tectonics such as injection domes and fluid seeps through fractures. Extraction and sequencing of sedimentary environmental DNA in the mud layer were performed for Bacteria and Archaea. Despite the small number of samples obtained, the microbial fingerprint from the sedimentary environmental DNA at subsurface shares similarities with the microbial communities identified on the crater surface. Additionally, we identify the DNA of specific methanogenic microorganisms in the mud, such as Bathyarchaeia, Methanomassiliicoccales, and Methanobacteriales, and we speculate on their probable role in gas production and pore overpressure in the mud layer. The underground mud at Rincón de Parangueo represents a geologically dynamic environment with conditions that are favorable for the thriving of microbial communities.
Spherical data validation of rock discontinuities orientation from Drone-derived 3D Point Clouds
Authors: Mancera-Alejandrez Javier , Macías-Medrano Sergio , Villarreal-Rubio Enrique , Solano-Rojas Dario
Published: December 2021

This work presents a methodology for the statistical validation of discontinuity surfaces obtained from point clouds using digital photogrammetry from drones. Our methodology allows you to review the quality of the data obtained with photogrammetry and decide whether these measurements are representative of the discontinuity surfaces that they analyze. It consists of three steps, the first one being a shape analysis that allows defining which statistical model should be used: Fisher for circularly symmetric clusters or Bingham fits better for axially symmetric clusters. This step also makes the most significant difference to other works since our methodology starts from the premise that not all discontinuity surfaces are flat. Therefore, Fisher parameters do not allow validating data that do not correspond to a plane.

In the second step of the methodology, we calculate the consistency parameters that depend on the statistical model defined in step 1. The parameters are similar for both models; both estimate κ which indicates how much the sample is concentrated around the mean orientation and validates the existence of this and which is the value of the generating angle of a cone with a 95 % confidence limit that it contains within the mean orientation.

Finally, step 3 is used when there are control measurements to compare the point cloud data and define if both samples characterize the same discontinuity surface in the rock mass.

The results obtained on a rock outcrop allowed us to observe that the measurements obtained from the drone faithfully represent the discontinuity surface analyzed when these were compared with the measurements made manually with the compass. Furthermore, the dispersion parameters (
Revisión de datos paleomagnéticos de flujos de lava asociados al Campo Volcánico Michoacán Guanajuato: implicaciones sobre el comportamiento del campo magnético terrestre durante el Plio-Cuaternario
Authors: Díaz-Ortega Ulises , García-Ruiz Rafael , Cervantes-Solano Miguel , Goguitchaichvili Avto , Maciel-Peña Rafael , Morales-Contreras Juan , Cejudo-Ruiz Rubén
Published: December 2021

La disponibilidad de edades radiométricas para el Campo Volcánico Michoacán-Guanajuato permite obtener un registro detallado de las variaciones del campo magnético de la Tierra durante los últimos 5 Ma. En el presente trabajo, analizamos 112 direcciones paleomagnéticas confiables respaldadas por igual número de edades radiométricas absolutas. Luego de descartar las polaridades geomagnéticas transicionales siguiendo el criterio de paleolatitudes menores a 45°, se calcularon las direcciones paleomagnéticas medias globales. En términos generales, se observa que la dirección media concuerda, dentro del intervalo de incertidumbres, con las direcciones paleomagnéticas esperadas obtenidas según los polos de referencia Plioceno-Cuaternario. La tasa de variación secular, estimada a través de la dispersión de los polos geomagnéticos virtuales calculados, y la anomalía de inclinación coinciden con los modelos de distribución latitudinal reportados para la latitud de 20° N. Un hallazgo interesante, resultado de esta compilación de direcciones paleomagnéticas, es la posible evidencia de eventos geomagnéticos relativamente cortos o excursiones dentro de los Crones de Matuyama y Brunhes, los cuales pueden ayudar a refinar la escala de tiempo de inestabilidad geomagnética. Además, se presenta una compilación inédita y una descripción minuciosa de más de 1000 aparatos volcánicos realizada por el Dr. Víctor Hugo Garduño Monroy que, sin duda alguna, servirá como una guía para los estudios paleomagnéticos durante las siguientes décadas.
Automated Control System of Physical and Accuracy Parameters of Sensitive Elements of Solid-State Wave Gyroscopes
Authors:   Kalashnikov ISTU, Spiridonov F. I. , Shishakov K. V. ,   Kalashnikov ISTU
Published: December 2021

The paper describes the first comprehensive version of the developed software and hardware stand of automation of end-to-end production control of physical parameters of sensitive elements of solid-state wave gyroscopes to enhance the accuracy characteristics of their output signals. The general characteristic of the system of control of physical and accuracy parameters of sensitive elements in production is given. To do this, the process of making a sensitive element is summarized and procedures for determining its physical and accuracy parameters are given. The focus is on creating "hrgCheck" software for the system of automated physical and accuracy parameters monitoring. For this purpose, a diagram of the state of the system, program algorithms, data collection, calculation of physical parameters, calculation of accuracy parameters, software and measurement control structures as well as the program's user interface are given. As a demonstration example of the performance of the software, a trial test of the effectiveness of use in the control of physical and accuracy parameters of sensitive elements of solid-state wave gyroscopes was carried out. For one of the sensors, 37 standing wave runs were measured, which took 2 hours and 15 minutes. The dependence of identification results on the initial measurement conditions is shown, which requires an excessive series of experiments. The resulting data on the physical and precise parameters of sensitive elements show the feasibility of introducing the developed software into the production cycle of end-to-end control of the gyroscopes produced. This will reduce the labor and cost of manufacturing, improve product accuracy and reduce the possibility of production faults. The inherent opportunities for improvement, development and expansion allow us to consider it in the general trend of updating the technologies of production processes for the manufacture of high-precision solid-state wave gyroscopes.
Model of the Information System for Management of Logistics Processes in the Food Industry
Authors:   Kalashnikov ISTU, Blagodatsky G. A. , Gorokhov M. M. ,   Kalashnikov ISTU, Dokuchaev D. E. ,   Kalashnikov ISTU, Saetova L. G. ,   Kalashnikov ISTU
Published: December 2021

The information management system for bakery serial production is presented. The object system is the technical means for the release and delivery of products to consumers, a range of products, a production plan (formed by the demand for products), a set of points of sale of products, and a graph of transport infrastructure. The capabilities of the warehouses of the system are limited, raw and other materials are perishable (storage periods are calculated in days), the number of delivery vehicles to the points of sale is small (<3), the needs of consumers are low (single demand for products), the number of points of sale is large (≈102), the shelf life is short (2-3 days). The controlled variable is the function U (t) - the ratio of the volume of weekly delivered product (taking into account the return of unsold products and volume of manufacturing defects) to the delivery cost. The control system is tasked with maintaining the maximum possible level of the function U. An algorithm for solving the problem of maximizing the function U is proposed, which consists in the following: 1) determine the maximum production plan, 2) determine the minimum delivery plan (monitoring the implementation of production and transportation plans gives feedback in the form of volumes of products that have not passed quality control Qb and have not been delivered to consumers QR), 3) feedback information is used to adjust production and transportation plans by applying man-machine decision-making procedures. To solve this problem, automation is required through the development and implementation of specialized software. A systematic approach to the development of information support involves the analysis of business processes of the enterprise. The critical processes to ensure the continued operation of the system are: "Supply of raw materials for production" and "Delivery of finished products to consumers". The task of ensuring timely replenishment of the warehouse is solved by the implementation of a supplier management system (SCM). The task of ensuring the delivery of finished products is solved by finding the optimal transportation plan. An adaptation of the algorithm for solving the problem of products transportation is presented. An algorithm for handling an emergency situation with the redistribution of cargo in the event of a vehicle breakdown during a voyage has been formalized.
Methods of Increasing the Control Efficiency of Wind Electric Installation by the Account of Vibration Loading the Drive Under Different Conditions of the Energy Unit Operation
Authors:   Sevastopol State University, Buyalsky V. I.
Published: December 2021

The substantiation of an urgency of a way of effective automated control of wind electric installation by the account of vibration loading a drive is made under different conditions of energy unit operation, aimed at minimization of vibration of all rotor system elements by reducing the error of a mismatch between the angular speed of a rotor wind turbine and a generator rotor that promotes the improvement of reliability of electric supply of the basic control in conditions of the incomplete information on characteristics of the meteorological and electric power conditions that are changing in time considerably. The method is proposed to control the process of electric power manufacture by the development of an optimizing model which would cover the control not only by means of the angle of the electric generator blade revolution, but also by considering the conditions of vibration loading the drive under different conditions of the energy unit operation - and it is the dynamic analysis of frequency interactions of all elements of rotor systems and power interactions from blades of elements, as one of components of the wind loading. The review of the basic ways of controlling the wind turbines is made. It showed, that the use of any of them depends on the provided purpose of control and on the availability of the information on system parameters and a feedback, and it does not solve a problem of alignment of angular speed of the wind turbine rotor and the generator rotor without a mismatch error between them, that generates shock loads, and consequently, vibration of rotor systems. The problem of definition and description of all elements of the energy unit rotor systems is solved. The differential equation of the angular speed of the wind turbine rotor is worked out. Transfer functions of dynamic elements of rotor systems for automatic control taking into account the influence of the wind speed, capacity of the consumed electric power, their block diagram and the schedule of the transient process of regulating the angular speed of the wind turbine rotor are constructed.
Research Problems in Understanding Physics for NEET /JEE Students, Reasons and Remedies - A Systematic Approach
Authors: Deshpande Dr. Sumant
Published: December 2021

Abstract: Today, in word of competition, especially for jr college student preparing 11 th std. and 12 th std for appearing NEET AND JEE, (OTHER EQUIVALENTS) Face a big challenge in understanding, Appling and ultimately scoring physics. majority of students face this problem. Physics is the subject known for enhancing analytical skills of learner but the education system is redirecting the subject to subject of memorization, therby a wrong approach ,suppressing the vary scientist in the student Majorities Teachers /educators has approach of getting formulas memorized, as a conventional approach which in turn harms the basic purpose of studing physics. This research paper study tries to indicate right way for student and educator through an exclusive survey of 3000+ student group who score high marks, low marks Keywords: NEET /JEE PHYSICS
Mathematical Modelling of Vertical Looped Water Slide Using Matlab
Authors: Kini M. Rohan
Published: December 2021

Abstract: A conceptual mathematical model of a water slide with vertical loops is developed. The principle used is the conservation of energy. The thrill experienced by a rider on a water slide is mainly due to the variation of G-force acting on the rider through the course of the ride. The geometry of the slide is developed by plotting G-force variation with the arc length of the loop. The G-force exposure limits should meet with the standards set by the F24 committee on amusement parks and rides. The coordinates of the slide geometry are determined by using Euler’s method of discretized equations. Keywords: G-Force, Centripetal acceleration, Clothoid curve, Weightlessness, Potential Energy, Kinetic Energy
MARGINAL REGIONS MATHEMATICS TEACHERS’ PERCEPTION OF THE USE OF MANIPULATIVE TOOLS
Authors: Perbowo Krisna Satrio , Lestari Dian , Ulfah Syafika , Rakhmawati Rosida
Published: December 2021

Manipulative tool is one of the learning media most likely to be used by teachers, including those in marginal regions. This study aimed to determine the perception of mathematics teachers in marginal regions toward using manipulative tools as learning media. This study used surveys designed with two domains: the use of manipulative tools as learning media and the importance of manipulative tools as learning media. The sample for this study comprised 81 teachers who were either currently teaching or had previously taught at the elementary, middle, and high school levels in marginal regions. This study found that the manipulative tools mostly used by mathematics teachers in marginal regions are objects obtained from the surrounding environment (used cans, paperboard, coins, rulers, stones, and sticks). This study revealed that the mathematics teacher's perception of manipulative tools as learning media and the importance of manipulative tools as learning media are generally in the medium category.
On the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines, certainties and uncertainties
Authors:   Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (ENSP/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, Amado Xavier de Oliveira Ana Cecilia , Fernandes Delgado Isabella ,   Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (INCQS/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, José Roma Paumgartten Francisco ,   Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (ENSP/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The COVID-19 vaccines in use (inactivaded virus, encapsulated m-RNA, non-replicating adenovirus-vectored DNA) were clinically tested in randomized placebocontrolled phase-3 studies. Objective: To address certainties and uncertainties about safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines that were approved for use in various countries. Method: The evidence provided by clinical studies on the efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines was critically appraised. Results: COVID-19 vaccines proved to be efficacious and safe in clinical trials. Adverse events were mostly those of minor severity commonly noted with other vaccines such as injection site pain, mild flu-like symptoms, headache and asthenia. Although being very rare, anaphylaxis-like reactions were noted with mRNA vaccines. Uncertainties regarding vaccine effectiveness refer mainly to the (long-term) duration of immunity provided by vaccination, the degree of protection conferred to elderly people, and how effective vaccines are against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. There are few uncertainties about vaccine safety including the absence of clinical trial data in pregnant women (and the impact on the unborn child), children and adolescents. Conclusions: Notwithstanding the knowledge gaps about effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccines (to be further addressed by observational studies), there is overwhelming evidence that public health benefits of vaccination by far outweigh any foreseeable risk.
Análise de dados do Sistema de Informação de Vigilância da Qualidade da Água para Consumo Humano (Sisagua) no estado do Amazonas, 2016-2020
Authors:   Instituto de Saúde e Biotecnologia (ISB), Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Coari, AM, Brasil, Bento Chaves Santana André , Forster Lopes Amanda ,   Instituto de Saúde e Biotecnologia (ISB), Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Coari, AM, Brasil, Parentes Mendes Abinadabis ,   Instituto de Saúde e Biotecnologia (ISB), Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Coari, AM, Brasil, Kazumy de Lima Yamaguchi Klenicy ,   Instituto de Saúde e Biotecnologia (ISB), Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Coari, AM, Brasil
Published: December 2021

Introdução: Avaliar os parâmetros de qualidade da água é fundamental para a vigilância em saúde pública e o direcionamento de ações de prevenção de doenças no âmbito populacional. Objetivo: Realizar a análise dos dados de vigilância de parâmetros químicos, físicos e microbiológicos para avaliação da qualidade da água de consumo humano no estado do Amazonas, com base no Sistema de Informação de Vigilância da Qualidade da Água para Consumo Humano (Sisagua). Método: Estudo exploratório-descritivo baseado em pesquisa quantitativa para a análise da vigilância da qualidade da água de consumo humano e de parâmetros químicos, físicos e microbiológicos nas amostras de água no estado do Amazonas, no período de 2016 a 2020. Testes estatísticos não paramétricos foram realizados para comparar diferenças na proporção de cada categoria e adequação de acordo com a microrregião geográfca. Resultados: As microrregiões do interior apresentam menor proporção de municípios com registro de informações sobre a qualidade da água. As amostras da microrregião da capital apresentaram menor teor de cloro residual livre, maior concentração de ﬂuoreto, e valores superiores para coloração aparente e turbidez. As análises de tendências evidenciaram melhorias nos parâmetros para cor aparente em amostras obtidas na microrregião de capital e, para cloro residual livre, coliformes totais e Escherichia coli em amostras de água coletadas no interior. Conclusões: Houve diferenças no percentual de inadequações dos parâmetros das amostras avaliadas de acordo com a localidade. Ressalta-se a necessidade de melhorias na gestão da vigilância da qualidade da água, no que se refere ao olhar atento para as ações de análise e fscalização no estado do Amazonas.
Activities of the NKVD of the Far East in the fight against crime in the second half of 1945
Authors: Zhadan Alexander V.
Published: December 2021

This article examines the causes and conditions of the aggravation of the criminal situation in the Far East in the second half of 1945 and the historical experience of local NKVD (Peoples Commissariat of Internal Affairs) bodies in maintaining law and order under the conditions of the Soviet-Japanese war and the first post-war period. Based on the analysis of the documentation of the NKVD departments of Primorye and Khabarovsk territories, including internal administrative documents (orders, plans, etc.), as well as materials of primary party organizations (minutes of party meetings, certificates, memos, etc.), the author draws conclusions about the development of the criminal situation in the region, and discusses the NKVDs ways and directions to ensure law and order. Studying the stated problems, it was possible not only to state the presence of negative dynamics in the number and severity of criminal manifestations, but also to establish that the criminal crisis of the second half of 1945 was caused by the imposition of new socio-economic and political factors (including the amnesty for prisoners, the relocation of large masses of troops, the Soviet-Japanese war, the placement of prisoners of war, demobilization) on the already difficult criminal situation that had developed during the Great Patriotic War. The study largely confirmed the fact repeatedly noted in historiography about the impact of personnel starvation and problems of material support on the effectiveness of the NKVD in the war and post-war period. The archival documents show that the main ways to normalize the operational situation in the Far East region were measures concerning organizational work and operational-search activities, as well as control-methodical and administrative measures. The author concludes that the measures taken allowed the NKVD of the Far East to reverse the explosive growth of serious street crime by the end of 1945. However, this success was only partial - the overall level of criminal activity in the region continued to remain at a fairly high level for several post-war years.
The experience of intercultural communication between Russian refugees and Filipinos on Tubabao Island, 1948-1951
Authors: Cabides-Padullo Charie Ann
Published: December 2021

The article examines the history of Russian immigrants on the Philippine Island of Tubabao, where they fled from China in 1948 to avoid repatriation to the USSR. The refugees lived on the island for four years, a period the local population remembers as Tiempo Russo. The authors goal was to examine how Filipinos saw the Russians by interviewing older islanders who had had direct contacts with the emigrants. The survey focused on three topics: 1) Fears of the Russians when they arrived on the island; 2) Formal and informal social means of communication between natives and Russians; 3) The level of respondents' trust in Russian refugees. The interviews revealed that the large number of refugees (6,000) who arrived on the island initially aroused apprehension among the local population. However, the Russians good behavior, friendliness and openness eventually dispelled all fears. The Russians and the islanders developed stable links as they bartered products and carried out leisure activities together, among others. At the same time, the islanders were introduced to Russian everyday culture: playing the piano, watching movies, drinking alcohol (coconut wine). In general, the local population saw their temporary positive effects. They made an impression as open, friendly, hospitable people, who loved to drink and treat others very well.
Determining The Relationship Between Exercise Dependence And Narcissism Levels Of Athletes
Authors: Abdullah Altunhan  , Ünsal Tazegül
Published: December 2021

There exist a positive relationship between exercise and narcissistic personality. Athletes who develop narcissistic personality traits wanted to be trained continuously to be successful. As a result, they become addicted to exercise. Athletes with narcissistic personalities should seek help from experts so that they do not become addicted to exercise. Narcissistic people tend to be addicted to exercise. Narcissistic athletes should be constantly checked by their trainers to prevent them from becoming exercise addicts.There are  currently limited investigations that have examined the relationship between narcissistic personality traits and exercise dependence. The purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship between exercise dependence levels and narcissistic personalities of male athletes in wrestling, weight lifting, and body building. In this study, narcissistic personality inventory and exercise dependence scale were used as a data collection tool. Statistical software (SPSS 20 version) was used to analyze the data. It  was observed that the data is normally distributed and homogeneous. Descriptive statistical analysis and Spearman correlation analysis were used to determine the direction and severity of the relationship between the variables. The study group consisted of 25 wrestlers, 23 weight-lifters, and 14 bodybuilders who achieved the first 3 ranks in Turkey Championships. As a result of descriptive statistical analysis, dropping exercise scores of athletes were as 3.866, sustainability scores were as 2.806, tolerance scores were as 4.634,  lack of control scores was as 1.634, decrease in other activities scores was as 1.581, duration scores were as 4,796, intention effect scores were as 2.753, total exercise addiction scores were as 3.153 and narcissism scores were determined as 8,048. At the end of the study, it was determined that the athletes under the sample had a relationship between narcissism and exercise addiction levels. According to descriptive statistical analysis, wrestlers were observed to get the highest scores in lack of control, sustainability, dropping exercise sub-dimensions.
Avaliação de uma técnica de compactação do gesso odontológico como alternativa para a correta relação água/pó
Authors: Valente Douglas Souto , Dobrinsky Fabian , Orlandini Jonas , Silveira Rodrigo Castilhos , Barbisan Aluí Oliveira , Caminha João Antonio Neto , Samuel Suzana Werner
Published: December 2021

The water-powder relationship is essential to achieve a proper performance of gypsum for prosthetic purposes. The ideal measure can be obtained with a balance, but this is clinically unavailable, once it is timeconsuming. A powder-compacting technique using a volume measurement is suggested in order to substitute the balance. The technique consists of using a gypsum meter within the gypsum bag. While the operator holds the gypsum meter with one hand, the palm of the other hand is pressed over the surface of the meter, supported by the ventral aspect of the fingers of the hand that is pressing. This procedure is based upon three compactation movements for each operator, then counting the average of compacting sample. Each of the ten operators repeated six times the procedure, and the final average was defined. The resulting samples for each procedure, of each operator, were weighted, and the statistical analysis showed significant differences (p = 0,006) among the operators.
Odontologia baseada em evidências
Authors: Azevedo Mariane Ponzio de , Ferreira Maria Beatriz Cardoso
Published: December 2021

The clinical and academic demand claim the dentist, as a clinician or as professor, to be updateand cientifically based at the moment of making clinical decisions. The aim of this publication is to show a review of evidence based dentistry. Trough this new methodo, the clinician, professor or undergraduate student are able to develop a odontology based on update and good cience.
Perfil sociodemográfico de la población que estudia Enseñanza de las Ciencias Naturales en la Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED)
Authors: Herrero-Villarreal Diana , Villalobos-González Wendy , Bermúdez-Campos Katya , Godoy-Cabrera Carolina
Published: December 2021

El estudio sociodemográfico de la población estudiantil universitaria permite visualizar factores que pueden influir sobre el éxito del sistema educativo y con ello, el mejoramiento de la educación. La finalidad de este artículo es identificar las características de la población estudiantil que pertenecen a la carrera de Enseñanza de las Ciencias Naturales y cursaron asignaturas en el II cuatrimestre del 2018, para visualizar futuras líneas de acción en el quehacer de la carrera. El estudio se desarrolla mediante el análisis comparativo de variables demográficas, sociales y económicas, utilizándose una encuesta como instrumento para la recolección de datos, con un enfoque semicuantitativo (preguntas abiertas y cerradas). El instrumento fue confeccionado y validado por expertos en el área de enseñanza de las ciencias y afines (Química, Física, Biología). La muestra estuvo compuesta por 185 estudiantes (33 % hombres y 67 % mujeres). Se determinó que el 36,6 % de la población estudiantil presenta un rango etario entre 18-24 años, el 10 % se dedica solo al estudio y el 90 % al trabajo remunerado. Por otra parte, se encontró que la ocupación remunerada favorece al género masculino y el trabajo reproductivo es asignado a las mujeres, lo cual comprueba roles de género tradicionales.
Mejoramiento del proceso de producción de unidades didácticas en la UNED de Costa Rica a partir de la percepción de personas encargadas de la cátedra de matemática
Authors: Barboza-Robles Yansin , Peraza-Delgado Mercedes
Published: December 2021

Las personas encargadas de cátedra de matemática de la Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED) de Costa Rica han manifestado inquietudes respecto al proceso de producción y al software empleado, para la escritura de texto matemático en las unidades didácticas elaboradas en el Programa de Producción de Material Didáctico Escrito (PROMADE), lo cual motivó el desarrollo de este estudio, cuyo objetivo fue analizar la satisfacción de estas personas respecto al proceso de producción, para la definición de acciones concretas que posibiliten su mejoramiento. Se empleó la metodología mixta con un diseño exploratorio secuencial, por medio de una entrevista grupal semiestructurada con las diez personas encargadas de cátedra de matemática de la universidad y la aplicación de un cuestionario. En general, quienes participaron se encuentran satisfechos con el proceso de producción y, en especial, con la labor ejecutada por las personas productoras académicas. Se identifican aspectos positivos y oportunidades de mejora del proceso de producción que competen a PROMADE, así como otros ajenos a este y que influyen negativamente en la motivación de las personas participantes. Entre las cuestiones por mejorar destaca el tiempo de producción de las unidades didácticas y el software empleado para la escritura del material. A partir de los elementos identificados, se enlistan acciones específicas para solventar las debilidades y atenuar algunos de los aspectos ajenos a PROMADE y que influyen en la motivación de las personas participantes.
Phylogeography of Myrica nana: the Wumeng Mountains as a natural geographical isolation boundary on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau
Authors: Cai Zhao
Published: December 2021

The Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau (YGP) is characterized by the distinctive
isolated habitat of limestone Karst Islands and features the Wumeng
Mountains (Mts), which divide the YGP into the two Plateaus of Yunnan
and Guizhou. This study aims to assess the effects of past geographic
and environmental isolation and climate fluctuation on the flora
distribution in the YGP. To this effect, we analyzed the
phylogeographical pattern and genetic structure for Myrica nana, a
vulnerable species endemic to the YGP, based on chloroplast and nuclear
ribosomal DNA sequence. The results suggest that the genetic and
haplotype network structures are divided into at least two
groups—cpDNA haplotype H2 (or nrDNA haplotypes h1, h2, and the native
haplotype) mainly distributed to the east of the Wumeng Mts, and cpDNA
haplotype H1 and haplotypes H3–H10 (or nrDNA haplotype h3) distributed
to the west of the Wumeng Mts. A deep genetic split was noted within the
two groups to reach 25 steps, especially for the cpDNA fragment
variation. The east–west divergence reveals the existence of a natural
geographical isolation boundary in the form of the Wumeng Mts, which
divides the YGP into the Yunnan and Guizhou Plateaus. Therefore, there
existed at least two glacial refugia during the Quaternary glacial
period, along with a genetic diversity center, and at least two large
geographic protection units for the vulnerable species of M. nana,
distributed throughout the eastern and western sides of the Wumeng Mts.
This study not only clarifies that the phylogeographical pattern and
genetic structure for M. nana can be attributed to geographic and
environmental isolation and climate fluctuation, but it also proposes an
effective strategy to protect vulnerable species and the important wild
flora of the YGP.
Moyamoya Syndrome in a Child with HbEβ-Thalassemia
Authors: Zahra Akmal , Al-Abboh Hanan , Habeeb Yousif , Adekile Adekunle
Published: December 2021

Moyamoya is a progressive cerebrovascular disease associated with
stenosis or occlusion of the arteries of the Circle of Willis. It is
uncommon in thalassemia. We present a 9-year-old girl, with
HbEβ-thalassemia, who presented with headache, vomiting and episodes of
transient hemiparesis with complete occlusion internal carotid arteries.
Subclavian Steal Syndrome Secondary to Atherosclerosis: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Basukala Sunil , Pathak Bishnu , Rijal Sabina , Karki Bibek , Thapa Narayan
Published: December 2021

Subclavian Steal Syndrome (SSS) is a rare vascular syndrome caused due
to proximal occlusion or stenosis of subclavian or innominate artery. It
is usually asymptomatic but occasionally may present with
vertebrobasilar insufficiency and/or upper limb ischemia.
Atherosclerosis is the most common cause.