bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of cytolethal distending toxin and other virulent factors in Escherichia coli samples from animal livestock, retail foods and gastroenteritis human cases in Qatar
Authors: Gómez Adriana Morales , Valenzuela Nilda N. , Peters Kenlyn E. , Salem Ahmed , Sultan Ali , Doiphode Sanjay , Ibrahim Emad E. , Mohammed Hussni O.
Published: August 2020

Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) is a heterotrimeric AB-type genotoxin produced by several clinically important bacterial pathogens. To better understand the risk of CDT within the food supply and human gastroenteritis patients in Qatar, we investigated the frequency of the CDT gene (cdtB) among Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains recovered from food products, animal livestock, and human gastroenteritis patients. In this cross-sectional study, E. coli isolates were screened for cdtB using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). cdtB positive strains were further examined for E. coli cdtB gene types (cdt I, cdt II, cdt III, cdt IV and cdtV), serotypes O157: H7, and non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145. Screening for other virulent factors, stx (Shiga toxin gene) and eae (gene that encodes intimin) genes were also performed. The cdtB gene was detected in E. coli isolates sourced from all three groups; animal livestock (17%), retail foods (8%), and human gastroenteritis patients (3%). Although the incidence of cdtB gene harboring E. coli is relatively low among gastroenteritis patients, there is still a risk of infection from animal reservoirs as well as retail food products. Among the three groups, E. coli isolates from humans had the lowest occurrence of cdtB, stx, eae, and O157: H7. Furthermore, we advise implementing monitoring at the food production and preparation level.
Current status of mycotoxigenic fungi in cereal grains in the central region of Botswana: a mini survey
Authors: Masitha Basadi , Sereme-Mothobole Bokani , Kabelo Kago
Published: August 2020

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi that can contaminate food, both human and animal feed at all stages of the food chain. A number of factors play a role in the proliferation of mycotoxins such as climate, humidity, harvest and storage conditions. This study was looking at the occurrence and identification of the fungi obtained from the cereal grains in the central district of Botswana. Samples collected were yellow maize (18), white maize (4), millet (10), cowpeas (11), sorghum (11) and china peas (1) each weighing about 500 g. Upon the arrival of samples, water activities of the samples were obtained. Seeds were sterilized in sodium hypochlorite, to be plated onto PDA for fungal extraction. The polymerase Chain reaction was used for the identification of the fungi and samples were sent to Inqaba laboratories for sequencing. The results showed that yellow maize was contaminated by Fusarium, A. niger and A. flavus; white maize was contaminated by F. proliferatum, F. fujikuroi and Gibberella moniliformis; red sorghum was contaminated by A. flavus, A.oryzae, Penicillium, Alternaria and Chaetomium muelleri; millet was contaminated by Epicoccum sorghinum and curvularia branchyspora and cowpeas were contaminated by Aspergillus and Alternaria species. Overall the most contaminated cereal product was millet, yellow maize, white maize, cowpeas and red sorghum at 40%, 37%, 27%, 10% and 4% respectively.
Exploring discrimination towards pharmacists in practice settings
Authors: Chun Lik D. , Ye Rebecca , Wilby Kyle J.
Published: August 2020

Background:  Discrimination towards pharmacists, as a public-facing health professional group, is reported but not well-studied.

Objectives:  The aims of this study were to identify accounts of discrimination in pharmacy practice and to explore the nature and impacts of and discrimination experienced by pharmacists.

Methods:  A cross-sectional survey was emailed to practice-based preceptors associated with the School of Pharmacy at the University of Otago. The survey included demographic questions, in addition to questions asking about the frequency and sources of different types of discrimination and abuse encountered in practice. Survey respondents could also provide their contact information for follow-up interviews. Interviews occurred after completion of the survey to better understand the nature of discrimination in pharmacy practice. A thematic analysis of interview transcripts was conducted to identify pertinent themes.

Results: A total of 43 participants completed the survey. A total of 29 (67.4%) respondents reported experiencing discrimination in pharmacy practice. The most common types of discrimination experienced included discrimination based on gender, appearance, or past, present, or expected pregnancy. Verbal abuse and sexual harassment were also frequently reported. Most discrimination was sourced from patients, colleagues, or supervisors/leaders. Discrimination specific to pregnancy was largely sourced from supervisors/leaders. Verbal abuse was sources primarily from patients, patient’s family, supervisors/leaders, and other healthcare professionals. Patients were the primary source of sexual harassment. Three themes were identified from the interview phase: Discrimination occurs for a variety of reasons from different sources with different behaviors, the impact on a person is individualized/personal, and preventative strategies can be broad and encompass multiple layers of society.

Conclusions:  Findings of this study support the notion that training programs must adjust to adequately train pharmacists with effective coping strategies, prevention mechanisms, and resilience building strategies. Pharmacist employers should also be accountable to creating zero tolerance workplaces and providing route maps for how pharmacists report and navigate situations when faced with discrimination. Doing so may result in a better equipped workforce that is able to navigate the pressures encountered through discrimination in practice.
Técnica original de perineorrafía post-episiotomía
Authors: Fernández Bastidas Miguel A.
Published: August 2020

Se presentan ciento treinta y cinco casos de episiotomía medio-lateral derecha, y sus indicaciones que la motivaron. Se describe además una técnica original de sutura, que logra reconstruir los planos perineales, con las ventajas: I-No usar material inabsorbible que requiera ser retirado más tarde, y II - que este material al terminar la sutura quede perfectamente incluido en los tejidos, sin peligro de ocasionar más tarde granulaciones o pequeños quistes que puedan dar lugar a la aparición de dispareunia. En todos los casos presentados el proceso de cicatrización fue óptimo y sin complicaciones.
A General Model of Neutrosophic Ideals in BCK/BCI-algebras Based on Neutrosophic Points
Authors: Bordbar Hashem , Borzooei Rajab Ali , Smarandache Florentin , Jun Young Bae
Published: August 2020

More general form of (∈, ∈ ∨q)-neutrosophic ideal is introduced, and their properties are investigated. Relations between (∈, ∈)-neutrosophic ideal and (∈, ∈ ∨q(kT ,kI ,kF ))-neutrosophic ideal are discussed. Characterizations of (∈, ∈∨q(kT ,kI,kF ))-neutrosophic ideal are discussed, and conditions for a neutrosophic set to be an (∈, ∈∨q(kT ,kI ,kF ))-neutrosophic ideal are displayed.
Lysozymes: characteristics, mechanism of action and technological applications on the control of pathogenic microorganisms
Authors: Gálvez-Iriqui Alma Carolina , Plascencia-Jatomea Maribel , Bautista-Baños Silvia
Published: August 2020

Dentro de las enzimas antimicrobianas reportadas, las lisozimas y las enzimas tipo lisozimas procedentes de diversas fuentes naturales han mostrado actividad antibacteriana y antifúngica, haciéndolas atractivas como nuevas alternativas para controlar los microorganismos patógenos. Aunque las enzimas antimicrobianas se han propuesto ampliamente en la industria alimentaria y en la protección de cultivos, su uso implica algunas desventajas, como la inactivación por inhibidores o productos químicos o condiciones de procesamiento, los altos costos de producción y purificación, y problemas de solubilidad e inestabilidad. La tecnología de inmovilización enzimática es una herramienta prometedora capaz de reducir estos inconvenientes, particularmente cuando está destinada a trabajar en medios sólidos. Esta revisión muestra el estado del arte sobre la actividad de la lisozima contra bacterias y hongos, centrándose en los mecanismos de acción involucrados. Además, también se discuten los aspectos y características más mportantes de las lisozimas y su posible aplicación tecnológica, incluida la aplicación de matrices poliméricas a base de quitosano para la inmovilización de las enzimas antimicrobianas.
Los poblados históricos del área de frontera en la naciente del Río Mendoza
Authors: Bianchi Palomares Pablo Federico Ricardo , Villalobos Ana María
Published: August 2020

Los pueblos de montaña que jalonan el alto valle del río Mendoza, en la provincia homónima del centro oeste de Argentina, son testimonio de la modernidad finisecular desde su aparición en el contexto de implantación del Ferrocarril Trasandino, a fines del siglo XIX. Su presencia en el itinerario cordillerano fue fundamental dado que facilitaron el comercio y el transporte, en el tramo más occidental de la ruta que vincula Buenos Aires con las ciudades de Santiago y Valparaíso del vecino país de Chile. Al estar emplazados en estrecha relación con el río Mendoza, y en un soporte geográfico de características singulares; actuaron como estructurantes del territorio, con una disposición sistémica que definió al territorio fronterizo hasta mediados del siglo XX. El problema que motiva este trabajo se basa en la detección de una vacancia referida a la lectura integral de bienes culturales, ligados al tramo superior del río Mendoza. Los aportes efectuados hasta el momento son fragmentarios, sobre todo en relación con los bienes que consolidaron el territorio de la cordillera mendocina; a nivel turístico, vial y de servicios. Mediante el análisis descriptivo-explicativo de cuatro poblados históricos se pretende llenar el vacío detectado y comprender el rol fundamental que desempeñaron en el proceso de ocupación paulatina del territorio de alta montaña, iniciado en el tiempo de la modernidad.
Undergraduate Rehabilitation Student Perceptions of Postgraduation Outcomes and Professional Identity
Authors: Oswald Gina R. , Huck Garrett E. , Williams Lee Ann Rawlins
Published: August 2020

With the recent changes in the field of rehabilitation, combined with the absence of a singular career path and flexibility in graduate degrees, there is a growing need to address the quandary of a professional identity for undergraduate-level rehabilitation practitioners. A unified professional identity is important for students attempting to understand the profession, including professional standards, expectations, and codes of ethics. The purpose of the present study was to gain an understanding of undergraduate rehabilitation student perspectives on elements of a professional identity and intentions related to their pursuit of a rehabilitation degree. Participants (n = 129) were recruited from two undergraduate rehabilitation and disability programs; one program was in the Southern United States and one in the Midwest. Results indicate that participants overwhelmingly were interested in pursuing graduate degrees, albeit focus on an employment outcome postgraduation increased based on duration in degree. In addition, participants did not appear to value specific rehabilitation-related careers significantly above others, and very few had a clear grasp of specific national organizations, credentials, or codes of ethics related to their degrees. It is recommended that undergraduate rehabilitation and disability studies (URDS) programs incorporate extensive career exploration activities, preparation for graduate school admission and completion, and a clear understanding of national professional organizations, codes of ethics, and available credentials. Furthermore, with the support of national organizations and practitioners, the coherent development of a rehabilitation identity within undergraduate students should be encouraged in order to best facilitate their involvement in the broader field of rehabilitation.
Improving Self-Advocacy Skills for Students With Disabilities in Postsecondary Educational Settings
Authors: Kartovicky Leah
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this manuscript is to examine relevant literature to assist rehabilitation counselors and educators in understanding legislation that impacts students with disabilities in postsecondary educational settings and potential barriers students with disabilities face in postsecondary educational settings. Strategies rehabilitation counselors and educators can employ to increase self-advocacy skills and improve postsecondary outcomes for students with disabilities are also addressed. The literature suggests that while students with disabilities are legally responsible for disclosing their disability to receive accommodations in postsecondary educational settings, students still face barriers that hinder their ability to develop self-advocacy skills. However, self-advocacy skills are imperative for students to effectively disclose their disability and identify the accommodations needed, highlighting the importance of rehabilitation counselors and educators to assist in the development of self-advocacy before matriculating to a postsecondary educational setting. Strategies practitioners can employ when working with students with disabilities who desire to attend a postsecondary educational program are also identified.
Data Missingness Patterns in Homicide Datasets: An Applied Test on a Primary Data Set
Authors: Neuilly Melanie-Angela , Hsieh Ming-Li , Kigerl Alex , Hamilton Zachary K.
Published: August 2020

Research on homicide missing data conventionally posits a Missing At Random pattern despite the relationship between missing data and clearance. The latter, however, cannot be satisfactorily modeled using variables traditionally available in homicide datasets. For this reason, it has been argued that missingness in homicide data follows a Nonignorable pattern instead. Hence, the use of multiple imputation strategies as recommended in the field for ignorable patterns would thus pose a threat to the validity of results obtained in such a way. This study examines missing data mechanisms by using a set of primary data collected in New Jersey. After comparing Listwise Deletion, Multiple Imputation, Propensity Score Matching, and Log-Multiplicative Association Models, our findings underscore that data in homicide datasets are indeed Missing Not At Random.
Exploration of Workplace Bullying in Emergency and Critical Care Nurses in Cyprus
Authors: Aristidou Loukia , Mpouzika Meropi D.A. , Karanikola Maria N.K.
Published: August 2020

Background: Workplace bullying is considered as an extreme work-related stressor, associated with mental and physical burden. Aim: Investigation of workplace bullying occurrence and related factors in Greek-Cypriot nurses employed in private and public emergency (emergency departments [EDs]) and critical care settings (intensive care units [ICUs], coronary critical care units [CCCUs]). Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional correlation study was performed. Following informed consent, a convenience sample of 113 nurses agreed to participate in the study. Results: The response rate was 32.56%. 68.1% (N = 77) of the participants reported direct experience of workplace bullying as victims, while 57.5% (N = 65) reported experience of witnessing workplace bullying in others (indirect exposure). A statistically significantly higher frequency of direct workplace bullying victimization was observed in ICUs compared to EDs and CCCUs (p = .031), while both direct and indirect victimization were more often reported in participants in public hospitals (p < .003). There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of direct/indirect workplace bullying experiences between male and female participants (p = .772), while those holding a Master's degree reported more frequently experiences of and indirect bullying victimization (p = .001). Conclusions: The present study presents data on the sociodemographic characteristics of critical and emergency nurses who become more often the target of bullying/mobbing behavior in Cyprus. Though, due to the low response rate further quantitative and qualitative studies are proposed.
UMA LEITURA DAS CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS E SOCIAIS EM PROSPECTIVA A PARTIR DE THEODOR W. ADORNO
Authors: Junges Fábio César , Souza Antonio Escandiel de , Oliveira Vânia Maria Abreu de
Published: August 2020

Na intenção de lançar luzes sobre a atualidade das Ciências Humanas e Sociais, o presente ensaio apresenta a leitura crítica que Theodor W. Adorno faz das Ciências Humanas e Sociais em meados do século XX. Gestado em meio à segunda guerra mundial, o pensamento de Adorno se constitui num dos principais referenciais para pensar o lugar e o papel das Ciências Humanas e Sociais hoje. Diante disso, este ensaio defende a tese de que sua atualidade se encontra na crítica determinada das atuais condições sociais vigentes, enquanto dilatação das fissuras históricas produzidas pelos mais variados sistemas sociais, políticos e culturais.
Differences between Women and Men Regarding Security Measures to Prevent the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Hotel Sector
Authors: Lenis Escobar Alexandra , Rueda López Ramón , Menor Campos Antonio , López-Felipe Teresa
Published: August 2020

The tourism sector in general and the hotelier in particular face the challenge of managing appropriate measures to deal with the covid-19 pandemic. In this sense it is useful to know what the measures are most demanded by the clientele. This research, by analyzing the variance (ANOVA) of a factor concluded that women are more demanding than men in terms of the level of demand in relation to the measures to be taken in hotels. This, as a practical application, allows to know more accurately the expectations, demands and demands of the client segmented by sex, in order to satisfy and improve the tourist experiences.
Occupancy Prediction Using Low-Cost and Low-Resolution Heat Sensors for Smart Offices
Authors: Sirmacek Beril , Riveiro Maria
Published: August 2020

In order to design efficient and sustainable office spaces and to automate lighting, heating and air circulation in these facilities, solving the challenge of occupancy prediction is crucial. In office spaces where large areas need to be observed, multiple sensors must be used for full coverage. In these cases, it is normally important to keep the costs low, but also to make sure that the privacy of the people who use such environments are preserved. Low-cost and low-resolution heat (thermal) sensors can be very useful to build solutions that address these concerns. However, they are extremely sensitive to noise artifacts which might be caused by heat prints of the people who left the space or by other objects which are either using electricity or exposed to sunlight. There are some earlier solutions for occupancy prediction that employ low-resolution heat sensors, however, they have not addressed nor compensate for such heat artifacts. Therefore, in this paper, we present a low-cost and low-energy consuming smart space implementation to predict the number of people in the environment based on whether their activity is static or dynamic in time. We use a low-resolution (8×8) and non-intrusive heat sensor to collect data from an actual meeting room. We propose two novel workflows to predict the occupancy; one based on computer vision and one based on machine learning. Besides comparing the advantages and disadvantages of these different workflows, we use several state-of-the-art explainability methods in order to provide a detailed analysis of the algorithm parameters and how the image properties influence the resulting performance. Furthermore, we analyze noise resources which affect the heat sensor data. We hope that our analysis brings light into understanding how to handle very low-resolution heat images in these environments. The presented workflows could be used in various domains and applications other than smart offices, where occupancy prediction is essential, e.g., for elderly care.
The Prevalence and Sociodemographic Correlates of Social phobia in Oman: Online National Survey
Authors: Ambusaidi Aamal , Al Huseini Salim , Alshaqsi Hiba , AlGhafri Manal , Chan Moon-Fai , Al-Sibani Nasser , Al-Adawi Samir
Published: August 2020

Background: Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is among the most common anxiety disorders worldwide with data largely emerging from the Euro-American and Pacific Rim populations. In contrast, there is a dearth of studies among the populations of Arabian Gulf countries including Oman. This study has two interrelated aims: (i) to explore the prevalence of SAD among Omani adults, and (ii) to tease out the links between sociodemographic factors and SAD in Oman. Methods: A cross-sectional study via an online survey was conducted among 1019 adult Omani nationals residing in Oman. The presence of SAD was assessed using the Arabic version of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS). Result: Nearly half the participants (45.9%, n=468) endorsed themselves as having features of SAD as defined by LSAS. In the multivariate logistic analysis, participants below 40 years of age were 1.6 times (OR=1.568, p=0.026) more likely to have SAD than those who were 40 and older. Women were 1.3 times (OR=1.348, p=0.038) more likely to endorse SAD than men. Participants who had secondary or undergraduate education were respectively 1.5 times (OR=1.45, p=0.014) and 2.5 times (OR=2.509, p<.001) to have SAD than who were postgraduates. Conclusion: The present data suggest that 45.9% of the participants reached the cut-off for case-ness in LSAS, which is high compared to reports from other populations. As online survey respondents tend to belong to similar demographics, the current results need not be representative of the Omani adult population, which calls for studies that adopt more inclusive survey methods.
SpyGlass DS -Directed Radiofrequency Ablation with Double Biliary Metal Stent Placement for Managing Recurrent Obstructive Jaundice Secondary to Castleman Disease: A Case Report of a Rare Disease (with Videos)
Authors: Wen Lijia , Chen Junhong , Guo Liang , Liu Kai
Published: August 2020

Castleman disease (CD) rarely presents with obstructive jaundice, which poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the management of the disease. A 40-year-old man was referred to our hospital for emergent management of upper abdominal pain. An abdominal mass was removed, and the postoperative pathology showed retroperitoneum CD, which was subsequently managed by adjuvant therapy of combination chemotherapy and steroids. One month later, a biliary metal stent was placed due to the presentation of obstructive jaundice. After approximately 3 months, the patient experienced another episode of obstructive jaundice, and SpyGlass DS cholangioscopy (Boston Scientific, Natick, Mass, USA) was performed via the biliary track for biopsy, which pathologically showed biliary malignancies. Radiofrequency ablation was performed with a probe (EMcision, Montreal, Canada), and another uncovered metal stent was placed within the existing metal stent. No stent occlusion occurred during a 6-month follow-up period. In conclusion, CD rarely presents with obstructive jaundice, and a combination of radiofrequency ablation with metal stent implantation under cholangioscopy can prolong the stent patency time and the survival time of patients.
Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Hepatocellular Carcinoma as a Predictor of a Response to Cisplatin-Based Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy
Authors: Sung Pil Soo , Choi Moon Hyung , Yang Hyun , Lee Soon Kyu , Chun Ho Jong , Jang Jeong Won , Choi Jong Young , Yoon Seung Kew , Choi Joon-Il , Lee Young Joon , Bae Si Hyun
Published: August 2020

This study aimed to identify the utility of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with an apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map as a predictor of the intrahepatic response of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to cisplatin-based hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC). We retrospectively evaluated 113 consecutive patients with HCC who underwent gadoxetic acid-enhanced and diffusion-weighted MR imaging. The appropriate cutoff for the tumor-to-liver ADC ratio was determined to be 0.741. Of the 113 patients, 51 (45%) presented with a tumor-to-liver ADC ratio < 0.741. Evaluation of the intrahepatic treatment response after 2-3 cycles of HAIC in these 51 patients revealed that 20 patients (39%) experienced an objective response to HAIC. On the other hand, only 10 of the 62 patients with a tumor-to-liver ADC ratio ≥ 0.741 (16%) experienced an objective response. Thus, the objective response rate was significantly higher in patients with a tumor-to-liver ADC ratio < 0.741 than in those with a tumor-to-liver ADC ratio ≥ 0.741 (P = 0.006). Multivariate logistic regression analysis using parameters including perfusion alteration, percentage of a non-enhancing portion, and tumor-to-liver ADC ratio revealed that a tumor-to-liver ADC ratio < 0.741 (odds ratio 3.03; P = 0.015) is the sole predictor of an objective response to HAIC. Overall survival rates were significantly higher in patients with objective responses to HAIC than in those without objective responses (P = 0.001 by log-rank test). In conclusion, patients with unresectable HCC with a tumor-to-liver ADC ratio < 0.741 showed a favorable intrahepatic response to HAIC. Therefore, diffusion-weighted MR imaging can play a critical role as a predictor of response to cisplatin-based HAIC in unresectable HCC.
DNA Polymerase Alpha Subunit B Is a Binding Protein for Erlotinib Resistance in Non-small Lung Cancer
Authors: Kim Tae Young , Ji Eun Sun , Lee Ju Yeon , Kim Jin Young , Yoo Jong Shin , Szasz Marcell , Dome Balazs , Marko-Varga Gyorgy , Kwon Ho Jeong
Published: August 2020

Erlotinib inhibits epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase activity and is used to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Despite its high efficacy, recurrence can occur in patients who become resistant to the drug. To address the underlying mechanism of Erlotinib resistance, we investigated additional mechanisms related to mode-of-drug-action, by multiple protein-binding interactions, besides EGFR by using drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods with non-labeled Erlotinib. DNA polymerase alpha subunit B (POLA2) was identified as a new Erlotinib binding protein that was validated by the DARTS platform, complemented with cellular thermal shift assays. Genetic knock-down of POLA2 promoted the anti-proliferative effect of the drug in the Erlotinib-resistant cell line H1299 with high POLA2 expression, whereas overexpression of POLA2 restored anti-proliferative effects in the Erlotinib-sensitive cell line HCC827 with low POLA2 expression. Importantly, POLA2 expression levels in four NSCLC cell lines were positively correlated with anti-proliferative Erlotinib efficacy, verified by bio-statistical analysis (Pearson correlation coefficient, R=0.9886). These results suggest that POLA2 is a novel complementary target protein of Erlotinib, and could clinically provide validity as a surrogate marker for drug resistance in patients with NSCLC.
A Simple Method for Acquisition and Inoculation of Brassica Yellows Virus from Transgenic Plants and Frozen Infected Leaves by Aphids
Authors: Zuo Deng-Pan , Chen Xiang-Ru , Hu Ru-Jian , Zhao Tian-Yu , Zhang Xiao-Yan , Peng Yan-Mei , Wang Ying , Li Da-Wei , Han Cheng-Gui
Published: August 2020

Brassica yellows virus (BrYV) is a tentative species of the genus Polerovirus, which occurs widely and mostly damage Brassicaceae plants in East Asia. Since BrYV could not be transmitted mechanically, an insect transmission method is required for further virus research. Here, a reliable and unrestricted method was described, in which non-viruliferous aphids (Myzus persicae) acquired BrYV from transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants with virus full length genome germinated from seeds and frozen infected leaves were used to transmit the virus to healthy plants, and there was no significant difference in acquisition rate though transmission rate from frozen infected leaves was somehow lower compared to fresh infected leaves. This novel simple method could be applied to preservation of virus inocula, evaluation of variety resistance to BrYV, biological research on interaction among BrYV, aphid and host, which also provide a new idea on establishing a basic method using virus genomic transgenic plants or frozen infected leaves for other poleroviruses research.
Green Catalysts: Applied and Synthetic Photosynthesis
Authors: Teodor Alexandra H. , Sherman Benjamin D. , Ison Zeah Yvette , Ooi Eu-Jee , Bergkamp Jesse J. , Bruce Barry D.
Published: August 2020

Abstract: The biological process of photosynthesis was critical in catalyzing the oxygenation of Earth’s atmosphere 2.5 billion years ago, changing the course of development of life on Earth. Recently, the fields of applied and synthetic photosynthesis have utilized the light-driven protein-pigment supercomplexes central to photosynthesis for the photocatalytic production of fuel and other various valuable products. The reaction center Photosystem I is of particular interest in applied photosynthesis due to its high stability post-purification, non-geopolitical limitation, and its ability to generate the greatest reducing power found in Nature. These remarkable properties have been harnessed for the photocatalytic production of a number of valuable products in the applied photosynthesis research field. These primarily include photocurrents and molecular hydrogen as fuels. The use of artificial reaction centers to generate substrates and reducing equivalents to drive non-photoactive enzymes for valuable product generation has been a long-standing area of interest of the synthetic photosynthesis research field. In this review, we cover advances in these areas and further speculate synthetic and applied photosynthesis as photocatalysts for the generation of valuable products.
Urea-Assisted Synthesis and Characterization of Saponite with Different Octahedral (Mg, Zn, Ni, Co) and Tetrahedral Metals (Al, Ga, B), A Review
Authors: Ponce C , Kloprogge J.
Published: August 2020

Clay minerals surfaces potentially played a role in prebiotic synthesis through adsorption of organic monomers that give rise to highly concentrated systems; facilitate condensation and polymerization reactions; protection of early biomolecules from hydrolysis and photolysis; and surface-templating for specific adsorption and synthesis of organic molecules. This review presents processes of clay formation using saponite as a model clay mineral since it is shown to catalyze organic reactions, easy to synthesize in large and pure form, and has tunable properties. In particular, a method involving urea is presented as a reasonable analog of natural processes. The method involves a two-step process – 1) formation of the precursor aluminosilicate gel and 2) hydrolysis of a divalent metal (Mg, Ni, Co, Zn) by the slow release of ammonia from urea decomposition. The aluminosilicate gels in the first step forms a 4-fold-coordinated Al3+ similar to what is found in nature such as in volcanic glass. The use of urea, a compound figuring in many prebiotic model reactions, circumvents the formation of undesirable brucite, Mg(OH)2, in the final product by slowly releasing ammonia thereby controlling the hydrolysis of magnesium. In addition, the substitution of B and Ga for Si and Al in saponite is also described The saponite products from this urea-assisted synthesis were tested as catalysts for several organic reactions including Friedel-Crafts alkylation, cracking and isomerization reactions.
Penerapan Metode Clustering K-Means Untuk Menentukan Nilai Burst Header Packet Flooding Attack Pada Optical Burst Switching
Authors: Rizkiana Ikhsan Nur , Rahmatulloh Alam , Gunawan Rohmat
Published: August 2020

Optical Burst Switching merupakan solusi yang menjanjikan dalam teknologi switching saat ini. Salah satu tantangan keamanan utama yang dihadapi kinerja yang mempengaruhi OBS ialah serangan flood terhadap burst header packet. Kondisi tersebut menyebabkan jaringan melambat atau dalam beberapa kasus besarnya ialah denial of service. Dalam hal ini dicoba untuk menerapkan metode clustering dengan algoritma k-means untuk mengetahui nilai data dari Class OBS yang disebabkan oleh flood pada BHP antara lain NB-No Block, Block, No Block, dan NB-Wait. Clustering merupakan metode pengelompokan data menggunakan algoritma k-means yang banyak digunakan dalam berbagai penerapan salah satunya untuk keamanan. Hasil Penelitian menunjukan jumlah nilai data flooding BHP lebih besar terdapat pada class NB-No Block dan NB-Wait.

 

 
MODEL INTEGRASI MATEMATIKA DENGAN NILAI-NILAI ISLAM DAN KEARIFAN LOKAL BUDAYA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA
Authors: Tijah Mu
Published: August 2020

ulisan ini menyajikan gagasan tentang rumusan model integrasi matematika dan kearifan lokal budaya serta model integrasi matematika dengan nilai-nilai Islam dan kearifan lokal budaya yang dikembangkan melalui eksploratoris literatur. Model integrasi matematika dan kearifan lokal budaya dikembangkan atas dasar teori pembelajaran berbasis kearifan lokal. Sedangkan model integrasi matematika dengan nilai-nilai Islam dan kearifan lokal budaya dikembangkan atas dasar gagasan dari teori irisan himpunan antara model integrasi matematika dan Al Quran dengan model integrasi matematika dan kearifan lokal budaya. Tulisan ini juga menyajikan gagasan rumusan metode integrasi matematika dengan nilai-nilai Islam dan kearifan lokal budaya yang dikembangkan atas dasar teori metode integrasi sains dan Islam di Perguruan Tinggi Agama Islam. Model yang berhasil dikembangkan adalah model integrasi matematika dan kearifan lokal budaya yang meliputi model integrasi matematika dengan kearifan lokal budaya dan model integrasi matematika melalui kearifan lokal budaya serta berhasil dikembangkan model matematika dengan nilai-nilai Islam dan kearifan lokal budaya. Adapun metode yang berhasil dikembangkan dalam model integrasi matematika dengan nilai-nilai Islam dan kearifan lokal budaya adalah menjadikan Al Quran dan kearifan lokal budaya sebagai sumber ilmu matematika, memperluas kajian karakteristik matematika dalam Al Quran dan budaya lokal, menjadikan kebudayaan Islam sebagai kepustakaan matematika, dan menumbuhkan karakter pribadi ulul albab yang berkearifan lokal budaya.
ETNOMATEMATIKA KALIGRAFI SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR MATEMATIKA DI MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH
Authors: Fakhri Auliya Nanang Nabhar
Published: August 2020

Matematika merupakan bagian dari ilmu pengetahuan yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan bidang ilmu pengetahuan lainnya. Akan tetapi pada kenyataannya matematika dianggap sebagai pelajaran yang sulit dan menjadi sebuah momok bagi sebagian besar orang. Hal ini bisa dilihat dari hasil the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) pada tahun 2015, Indonesia menduduki peringkat 63 dari 70 negara. PISA merupakan ujian di seluruh dunia yang diselenggarakan setiap tiga tahun sekali untuk mengukur kecerdasan pelajar sekolah berusia 15 tahun. Seperti yang diketahui bahwa matematika merupakan ilmu yang bersifat abstrak, sehingga untuk siswa pada jenjang MI yang masih berada pada tingkat berfikir kongkrit-abstrak akan merasa sulit untuk memahaminya. Apalagi jika dalam pembelajaran di kelas, guru hanya mengajar secara prosedural dan menyuruh siswa menghafal konsep atau rumus matematika saja. Salah satu hal yang dapat menjembatani antara budaya dan pendidikan khususnya pada pembelajaran matematika adalah etnomatematika. Salah satu objek etnomatematika adalah seni kaligrafi. Penelitian ini dapat memberikan gambaran dan tambahan referensi sumber belajar matematika dari eksplorasi etnomatematika seni kaligrafi terutama dalam materi bangun datar. Pemilihan seni kaligrafi sebagai sumber belajar dikarenakan mudahnya seni kaligrafi dalam membaur dalam kurikulum yang ada dalam Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. Hasil dari eksplorasi etnomatematika seni kaligrafi berupa konsep matematika yang ditemukan dalam proses pembuatan kaligrafi adalah konsep refleksi dan konsep perputaran. Selanjutnya dari hasil eksplorasi etnomatematika seni kaligrafi berupa konsep matematika yang ditemukan hasil dari bentuk-bentuk kaligrafi yang sudah jadi adalah konsep bangun datar lingkaran, persegi, persegi panjang, dan segitiga.
PENGEMBANGAN PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA DENGAN PENDEKATAN ETNOMATEMATIKA BERBASIS BUDAYA LOKAL KUDUS
Authors: Masamah Ulfa
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk etnomatematika yang terdapat pada budaya lokal Kudus, mengembangkan model pembelajaran matematika dengan pendekatan etnomatematika berbasis budaya lokal Kudus. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan R&D (research and development) dengan model pengembangan Plomp yang terdiri dari tiga fase yaitu fase investigasi awal (preliminary research), fase pembuatan prototipe (prototyping phase), dan fase penilaian (assesment phase). Adapun uji coba terbatas dilakukan di Yayasan Madrasah Tsanawiyah Qudsiyah Putri. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara, validasi, observasi dan angket. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh informasi bahwasanya ditemukan bentuk etnomatematika pada budaya lokal Kudus yang difokuskan pada lokasi masjid dan menara Sunan Kudus yang dalam hal ini hanya diambil pada sisi materi segiempat dan segitiga. Kevalidan lembar kerja siswa sebesar 3,97 berada pada kategori valid. Perangkat pembelajaran memenuhi kriteria praktis dengan rata-rata penilaian B yang berarti dapat digunakan dengan revisi. Sedangkan respon positif siswa terhadap perangkat pembelajaran sebesar 81%.
Analisis Validitas Isi Butir Soal sebagai Salah Satu Upaya Peningkatan Kualitas Pembelajaran di Madrasah Berbasis Nilai-Nilai Islam
Authors: Utomo Budi
Published: August 2020

Soal merupakan salah satu instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengukur keberhasilan dalam mencapai tujuan pembelajaran. Soal yang akan dijadikan sebagai alat evaluasi harus memenuhi ciri-ciri soal/tes yang baik diantaranya adalah soal tersebut harus valid. Salah satu cara untuk mengetaui valid atau tidaknya soal yang digunakan perlu diadakan analisis terhadap soal tersebut, salah satunya dengan analisis validitas isi soal terkait. Selama ini di beberapa sekolah atau madrasah, khususnya di MA NU TBS Kudus dalam pembuatan soal Penilaian Tengah Semester (PTS) ataupun Penilain Akhir Semester  (PAS) khususnya Matematika, belum pernah dianalisis isi soalnya terkait dengan kesesuaian antara tiap butir soal dengan silabus yang ada pada kurikulum 13 saat ini atau dengan kata lain analisis validitas isi terhadap butir-butir soal tersebut. Mengingat urgensi dari soal sebagai alat untuk mengukur keberhasilan pembelajaran, sangat penting untuk diadakan penelitian tentang analisis butir soal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui validitas isi dari butir soal PTS Mata Pelajaran Matematika Wajib XI MA NU TBS Kudus Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019 sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan kualitas proses pembelajaran berbasis nilai-nilai islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dikarenakan penelitian ini tidak menggunakan data dalam bentuk angka dan akan mendeskripsikan validitas isi dari soal Penilaian Tengah Semester Gasal mata pelajaran Matematika wajib kelas XI MA NU TBS Kudus tahun pelajaran 2018/2019.Berdasarkan hasil analisis rasional validitas isi yang membandingkan antara soal dengan silabus /kurikulum disimpulkan bahwa validitas isi  satu paket soal yang dibuat oleh guru mapel Matematika Wajib kelas XI  sudah terpenuhi. Namun dalam penulisan soal masih perlu ketelitian, karena masih ada soal yang tidak ada jawaban dipilihan yang ditawarkan, yaitu soal no.4, disamping itu juga perlu kecermatan dalam menuliskan simbol-simbol, arsiran  yang terdapat dalam soal PTS, yaitu nomor 11, 20, 22 dan 25, dan kesesuaian bahasa atau kalimat yang digunakan dalam soal tersebut kurang baik, yaitu pada nomor 7, 8, 14, 21, 22, 23 dan 25.
PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI DIMENSI TIGA DENGAN RESOURCE BASED LEARNING MENGGUNAKAN MINIATUR BANGUN RUANG
Authors: Sulistyaningrum Suprapto dkk Nunuk
Published: August 2020

THREE DIMENSIONAL COMPETENCY IMPROVEMENT WITH RESOURCE BASED LEARNING USING A GEOMETRIC MINIATURE. This study aims to improve student mathematics learning on three dimensions discussion by applying the cooperative learning models of group investigation types using resource-based learning methods with geometric miniature teaching aids. This research was conducted at SMK Negeri 1 Batealit Jepara. The method used by this research is quasi-experimental method. The subjects were 75 students of class XI AP consisting of 37 students in the experimental group and 38 students in the control group. Mathematics learning data is taken from the evaluation test results. Indicators of success are determined if the class average get improvement from pre-action, evaluation I, and evaluation II.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA TECHNOLOGICAL PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE (TPACK) DENGAN TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION SELF EFFICACY (TISE) GURU MATEMATIKA DI MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH
Authors: Wahyuni Fina Tri
Published: August 2020

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TECHNOLOGICAL PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE (TPAK) WITH TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION SELF EFFICACY (TISE) MATH TEACHER IN THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL . The study aims to determine the TPACK level of MI mathematics teachers in Gebog Kudus. It will also look at the TISE level of MI mathematics teachers at Gebog Kudus and the level of significance of the relationship between TPACK and TISE on MI mathematics teachers at Gebog Kudus. The design of this study uses quantitative research approaches with correlational designs. Subjects in the study were 143 mathematics teachers, namely madrasah teachers from first grades through sixth. Data collection techniques using the TPACK and TISE Questionnaire, observation and interviews. The results showed that: 1) the TPACK level of MI mathematics teachers at Gebog Kudus at a simple level, 2) the TISE level of MI mathematics teachers at Gebog Kudus at a simple level, and 3) there was a significant relationship between TPACK and TISE at MI mathematics teachers at Gebog Kudus.
Peningkatan Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Matematis Siswa Sekolah Dasar Melalui Problem Posing
Authors: Aini Qurrotul , Putri Faradillah Nur Syafa'ah
Published: August 2020

Salah satu masalah yang sering terjadi dalam pembelajaran matematika di tingkat sekolah dasar adalah rendahnya kemampuan siswa untuk menggunakan keterampilan berpikir kritis dan kreatif, termasuk keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi. Hal ini sebagian disebabkan oleh kelemahan siswa dalam aspek keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi yang diperlukan untuk menyelesaikan masalah. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, perlu dipelajari cara mengajukan masalah. Menyerahkan masalah itu sendiri adalah memberikan tugas yang mendorong siswa untuk dapat berpikir kritis dan kreatif. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilakukan untuk menjawab "apakah penerapan pembelajaran dengan mengajukan masalah dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir siswa tingkat tinggi di kelas IV SDN Dusun Menengah dalam materi bangunan datar?". Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak semua aspek keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi meningkat, terutama satu aspek kemampuan berpikir kreatif, yaitu orisinalitas dalam menyelesaikan masalah. Namun untuk aspek keterampilan berpikir kritis FRISCO semuanya meningkat.
A lattice of the paracomplete calculi
Authors: Ciuciura Janusz
Published: August 2020

Paracomplete logic is intended to cope with the problem of vagueness, or uncertain and incomplete data. It deals with the situation when some propositions and their negations are allowed to be simultaneously false, which is obviously impossible in the classical and many non--classical propositional logics. In paracomplete logic, such classical laws as tertium non datur or consequentia mirabilis are not generally accepted. This implies that the logic is defined negatively.

 

In this paper, we introduce a family of the paracomplete calculi that will be defined in a Hilbert-style formalization. We propose the so-called bi--valuational semantics and prove the key metatheorems for the calculi. We also discuss a generalization of the paracomplete calculus $QD^{1}$ to the hierarchy of related calculi.
The effect of initiating neuraxial analgesia service on the rate of cesarean delivery in Hubei, China: A 16-month retrospective study
Authors: ZHAO Yun , GAO YING , SUN Guoqiang , YU Lin , LIN Ying
Published: August 2020

Background No Pain Labor ＆Delivery (NPLD) is a nongovernmental project to increase access to safe neuraxial analgesia through specialized training. This study explores the change in overall cesarean delivery (CD) rate and maternal request CD(MRCD) rate in our hospital after the initiation of neuraxial analgesia service. Methods A neuraxial labor analgesia（NA） was initiated in May 1st 2015 by the help of NPLD. Since then, the application of NA became a routine operation in our hospital, and every parturient can choose to use NA or not according to her own requirement. The monthly rates of NA, CD, MRCD, multiparous women, intrapartum CD, episiotomy, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), operative vaginal delivery and neonatal asphyxia of vaginal delivery were analyzed from January 1st 2015 to April 30th 2016. Results The rate of NA in our hospital was getting increasingly higher from 26.1% in May 2015 to 44.6% in April 2016 ( p< 0.001); the rate of CD was decreased from 50.4% in May 2015 to 36.3% in April 2016 ( p< 0.001); the rate of MRCD was decreased from 10.8% in May 2015 to 5.7% in April 2016 ( p< 0.001); but the rates of overall CD and MRCD remained stable at a high level from January to May 2015( p ＞0.05). At the same time, the rate of multiparous women remained unchanged during the 16 month of observation ( p ＞0.05). There was a negative correlation between the rate of NA and rate of overall CD, r=-0.803 (95%CI[-0.951, -0.642], p =0.002), and between the utilization rate of NA and rate of MRCD, r=-0.790 (95%CI[-0.971, -0.497], p =0.004).The rates of episiotomy, PPH, operative vaginal delivery and neonatal asphyxia in women who underwent vaginal delivery as well as the rates of intrapartum CD, neonatal asphyxia, and PPH in women who underwent CD remained unchanged from January 1st 2015 to April 30th 2016 . Conclusions: Our study shows that the rates of CD and MRCD in our department were significantly decreased from January 1st 2015 to April 30th 2016, which may be due to the increasing use of NA during vaginal delivery.