bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Parkinson Disease and Its Relationship with Incidentally Discovered White Matter Disease and Covert Brain Infarction in a Real‐World Cohort
Authors: Kent David M. , Leung Lester Y. , Puttock Eric J. , Wang Andy Y. , Luetmer Patrick H. , Kallmes David F. , Nelson Jason , Fu Sunyang , Zheng Chengyi , Vickery Ellen M. , Liu Hongfang , Noyce Alastair J. , Chen Wansu
Published: July 2022

Objective

This study aimed to examine the relationship between covert cerebrovascular disease, comprised of covert brain infarction and white matter disease, discovered incidentally in routine care, and subsequent Parkinson disease.

Methods

Patients were ≥50 years and received neuroimaging for non‐stroke indications in the Kaiser Permanente Southern California system from 2009 to 2019. Natural language processing identified incidentally discovered covert brain infarction and white matter disease and classified white matter disease severity. The Parkinson disease outcome was defined as 2 ICD diagnosis codes.

Results

230,062 patients were included (median follow‐up 3.72 years). A total of 1,941 Parkinson disease cases were identified (median time‐to‐event 2.35 years). Natural language processing identified covert cerebrovascular disease in 70,592 (30.7%) patients, 10,622 (4.6%) with covert brain infarction and 65,814 (28.6%) with white matter disease. After adjustment for known risk factors, white matter disease was associated with Parkinson disease (hazard ratio 1.67 [95%CI, 1.44, 1.93] for patients <70 years and 1.33 [1.18, 1.50] for those ≥70 years). Greater severity of white matter disease was associated with increased incidence of Parkinson disease(/1,000 person‐years), from 1.52 (1.43, 1.61) in patients without white matter disease to 4.90 (3.86, 6.13) in those with severe disease. Findings were robust when more specific definitions of Parkinson disease were used. Covert brain infarction was not associated with Parkinson disease (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.05 [0.88, 1.24]).

Interpretation

Incidentally discovered white matter disease was associated with subsequent Parkinson disease, an association strengthened with younger age and increased white matter disease severity. Incidentally discovered covert brain infarction did not appear to be associated with subsequent Parkinson disease. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:620–630
Phasentrennung von heterogenem nuklearem Ribonukleoprotein A1 bei spezifischer RNA‐Bindung, beobachtet durch magnetische Resonanzspektroskopie**
Authors: Ritsch Irina , Lehmann Elisabeth , Emmanouilidis Leonidas , Yulikov Maxim , Allain Frédéric , Jeschke Gunnar
Published: July 2022

Die Wechselwirkung von heterogenem nuklearem Ribonukleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1) mit spezifischer einzelsträngiger RNA und ihre Beziehung zur Flüssig‐Flüssig‐Phasen‐Trennung (LLPS, engl. liquid liquid phase separation) wurden in vitro mittels Methoden der magnetischen Resonanzspektroskopie auf der Basis von selektiver Spin‐Markierung untersucht. Ein Ensemble‐Modell von dispergiertem hnRNP A1 in Abwesenheit von RNA wurde aus Abstandsverteilungen zwischen spinmarkierten Stellen und Kleinwinkel‐Röntgenstreudaten (SAXS) erstellt. Dieses Modell zeigte einen kompakten Zustand der intrinsisch ungeordneten Domäne und Interaktion mit den RNA‐Erkennungsmotiven auf. Paramagnetische Relaxations NMR‐Spektroskopie bestätigte diese Wechselwirkungen. Die Zugabe von RNA zu dispergiertem hnRNP A1 führte zur Bildung von Flüssigkeitströpfchen (LLPS). Diese LLPS hing von der RNA‐Konzentration und ‐Sequenz ab. Mittels EPR‐Spektroskopie konnte ein Einfluss von Punktmutationen in der RNA auf die lokale Proteindynamik festgestellt werden. Wir schlagen vor, dass ein Zusammenspiel von sequenzspezifischer RNA‐Bindung und LLPS zur Regulierung der spezifischen RNA‐Segregation beiträgt.
Facile Benzylic Alkylation of Arenes with Alcohols by Catalysis with a Spirocyclic NHC IrIII Pincer Complex
Authors: Dai Kun‐Long , Chen Qi‐Long , Xie Wen‐Ping , Lu Ka , Yan Zhi‐Bo , Peng Meng , Li Chang‐Kun , Tu Yong‐Qiang , Ding Tong‐Mei
Published: July 2022

A facile benzylic alkylation of indenes and other arenes was developed from readily available primary and secondary alcohols using our newly investigated CCC pincer IrIII catalyst (SNIr−H). Excellent regioselectivity and yield (89 %) of the C3‐alkylated indenes were obtained. Additionally, the challenging sp2C‐alkylation was readily accomplished. This method could be utilized for the synthesis of the analogs of a histamine H1 receptor antagonist and the functional material template molecule, indeno[2,1‐a]indene. A hemilabile IrIII‐dihydride intermediate was proposed based on control experiments and previous density functional theory (DFT) calculations for the borrowing hydrogen mechanism and is key to the success of this IrIII catalyst in the reduction of unactivated multi‐substituted olefin intermediates.
Molecular Engineering of Metal Complexes for Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction: From Adjustment of Intrinsic Activity to Molecular Immobilization
Authors: Yang Zhi‐Wen , Chen Jin‐Mei , Qiu Li‐Qi , Xie Wen‐Jun , He Liang‐Nian
Published: July 2022

The electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (ECO2RR) is one promising method for storing intermittent clean energy in chemical bonds and producing fuels. Among various kinds of catalysts for ECO2RR, molecular metal complexes with well‐defined structures are convenient for studies of their rational design, structure–reactivity relationships, and mechanisms. In this Review, we summarize the molecular engineering of several N‐based metal complexes including Re/Mn bipyridine compounds and metal macrocycles, concluding with general modification strategies to devise novel molecular catalysts with high intrinsic activity. Through physical adsorption, covalent linking, and formation of a periodic backbone, these active molecules can be heterogenized into immobilized catalysts with more practical prospects. Finally, significant challenges and opportunities based on molecular catalysts are discussed.
A double‐click strategy for the synthesis of P and N‐containing hydrolytically stable reactive flame retardant for photocurable networks
Authors: Ozukanar Ozge , Cakmakci Emrah , Daglar Ozgun , Durmaz Hakan , Kumbaraci Volkan
Published: July 2022

The use of modern chemical routes and the development of innovative material designs bring smart solutions to the problems in materials science and open up new horizons for future research. In this work, we utilized from two click reactions to prepare a P and N‐containing reactive flame retardant. The para‐fluoro groups of bis(pentafluorophenyl)phenyl phosphine oxide were converted to azides and then the obtained compound was reacted with propargyl acrylate via copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition reaction. The effect of the synthesized monomer (10%, 20%, and 30%) on the mechanical, thermal, and flame retardancy properties of an aliphatic polyurethane acrylate was investigated. The newly synthesized monomer led to a slight decrease in double bond conversion percentages, an increase in tensile strength of the photocured samples, and a decrease in the elongation at break values. The glass transition temperatures increased with the increasing amount of the flame retardant monomer as well as the limiting oxygen index (LOI) values. When the flame retardant ratio was 30% in the formulations, almost a 25% enhancement was realized in the LOI values.
Synthesis and characteristics of nonisocyanate polyurethane composed of bio‐based dimer diamine for supercritical CO2 foaming applications
Authors: Mao Hsu‐I , Chen Chin‐Wen , Yan Hao‐Chen , Rwei Syang‐Peng
Published: July 2022

Nonisocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) was synthesized using different concentrations of C36‐alkylenediamine (C36DDA), hexamethylene diamine, and a cyclic carbonate monomer synthesized from bisphenol A epoxy resin and carbon dioxide. The structures, molecular weights, thermal behaviors, and stabilities of the NIPU copolymers were evaluated using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry measurements. All synthesized NIPUs were amorphous and exhibited good Td−5% thermal stabilities above 250°C; Tg decreased from 73 to 51°C as C36DDA content increased from 0% to 10% based on dynamic mechanical analysis tests. Furthermore, ethylenediamine (EDA) as a chain extender incorporating a small amount of crosslinker 1,2,4,5‐benzenetetracarboxylic acid (PMA) can enhance the melt strength of a partially three‐dimensional network, and the attained NIPU showed elastic properties. Thus, the NIPU synthesized with 7.5% and 10% C36DDA containing small amounts of EDA and PMA were suitable choices for supercritical CO2 foaming; their morphologies and mechanical behaviors were examined by scanning electron microscopy and DMA, and the densities of foamed NIPU with 7.5% and 10% C36DDA were calculated as 432 and 215 kg m−3 with pore sizes of 10–20 μm, respectively. The maximum stresses were attained at 149.5 and 123.4 kPa, and the foamed NIPU displayed rigid foam behaviors owing to the compression behaviors of the stress–strain curves.
3D Printing of Skin Equivalents with Hair Follicle Structures and Epidermal‐Papillary‐Dermal Layers Using Gelatin/Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels
Authors: Kang Moon Sung , Kwon Mina , Lee Seok Hyun , Kim Won‐Hyeon , Lee Gyeong Won , Jo Hyo Jung , Kim Bongju , Yang Seung Yun , Kim Ki Su , Han Dong‐Wook
Published: July 2022

Recent advances in three‐dimensional (3D) bioprinting technologies have enabled the fabrication of sophisticated live 3D tissue analogs. Despite the existing hydrogel‐based bioinks, the development of advanced bioink materials that can accurately reproduce the composition of a native extracellular matrix and mimic the intrinsic properties of laden cells remains challenging. In this study, 3D printed skin equivalents incorporating hair follicle structures and epidermal/papillary dermal layers were fabricated using gelatin methacryloyl/hyaluronic acid methacryloyl (GelMA/HAMA) bioink. The composition of collagen and glycosaminoglycan in native skin was recapitulated by adjusting the combination of GelMA and HAMA. The GelMA/HAMA bioink exhibited excellent viscoelastic and physicochemical properties, 3D printability, cytocompatibility, and functionality to maintain hair‐inductive potency while facilitating spontaneous hair pore development. The results indicate that GelMA/HAMA hydrogels are promising candidates as bioinks for the 3D printing of skin equivalents. Furthermore, they may serve as useful models for skin tissue engineering and regeneration.
Analysis of the spectral‐luminescence properties of imidazo[1,2‐b]pyrido[4,3‐e][1,2,4]triazin‐6(7Н)‐ones
Authors: Vandyshev Dmitriy Yu. , Shikhaliev Khidmet S. , Prezent Mikhail A. , Kozaderov Oleg A. , Ovchinnikov Oleg V. , Smirnov Mikhail S. , Ilyinova Tatiana N. , Mangusheva Daria A. , Iminova Renata R. , Chetti Prabhakar
Published: July 2022

The article presents a method for the construction of a new tricyclic system of imidazo[1,2‐b]pyrido[4,3‐e][1,2,4]triazin‐6(7Н)‐ones based on subsequent reactions of the obtained 1,2‐diamino‐4‐phenylimidazole ethyl ether of 3‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[1,2‐b][1,2,4]triazin‐2‐carboxylic acid with dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal and primary amines. The structures of the obtained compounds were confirmed using the data obtained from 1Н and 13С NMR, HRMS, and XRD analyses. We analyzed the dependence of the absorption and photoluminescence spectra on the structure of the compounds obtained using quantum chemistry methods. The theoretical results were compared with the data from a real experiment. The article suggests a range of practical applications for imidazo[1,2‐b]pyrido[4,3‐e][1,2,4]triazin‐6(7Н)‐ones.
Liposomal eribulin for advanced adenoid cystic carcinoma, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, and small cell lung cancer
Authors: Udagawa Hibiki , Takahashi Shunji , Hirao Motohiro , Tahara Makoto , Iwasa Satoru , Sato Yasuyoshi , Hamakawa Takuya , Shitara Kohei , Horinouchi Hidehito , Chin Keisho , Masuda Norikazu , Suzuki Takuya , Okumura Shiori , Takase Takao , Nagai Reiko , Yonemori Kan
Published: July 2022

Background

In this open‐label, Phase 1 study, we explore the safety and efficacy of E7389‐LF (liposomal formulation of eribulin) in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors.

Methods

This open‐label, Phase 1 study enrolled Japanese adult patients to receive E7389‐LF for the treatment of advanced solid tumors. Treatment with E7389‐LF 2.0 mg/m2 every 3 weeks (previously determined maximum tolerated dose) was tested for the treatment of adenoid cystic carcinoma, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, or small lung cell cancer in the expansion part of this study. Secondary endpoints included safety, objective response rate, best overall response, and progression‐free survival.

Results

As of October 16, 2020, 43 patients were enrolled (adenoid cystic carcinoma, n = 12; gastric cancer, n = 10; esophageal cancer, n = 11; small cell lung cancer, n = 10). Thirty‐three patients experienced a Grade ≥3 treatment‐related treatment‐emergent adverse event, most commonly neutropenia (53.5%). Additionally, the incidence of hypersensitivity did not appear to change with a reduced number of infusion steps (2 vs. 4) and patients who were administered prophylactic pegylated granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor had a noticeably lower incidence of Grade 3–4 neutropenia (although this did not have a proper control). The overall objective response rate was 11.6% (95% confidence interval: 3.9–25.1), corresponding to two partial responses in patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma, two partial responses in gastric cancer, and one partial response in esophageal cancer. Median progression‐free survival was longer in the adenoid cystic carcinoma population (16.6 months) than in others.

Conclusions

E7389‐LF 2.0 mg/m2 every 3 weeks was well tolerated for the treatment of several different tumor types, and larger studies in these populations are warranted.
Influence of Seasonal Variation on the Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oil from Eugenia pohliana DC Leaves
Authors: Costa Wêndeo Kennedy , de Oliveira Alisson Macário , da Silva Santos Izabelly Bianca , Silva Valquíria Bruna Guimarães , de Aguiar Júlio César Ribeiro de Oliveira Farias , Navarro Daniela Maria do Amaral Ferraz , dos Santos Correia Maria Tereza , da Silva Márcia Vanusa
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyses the influence of seasonal variation on the chemical composition and antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities of the essential oil (EO) extracted from the leaves of Eugenia pohliana. Chemical characterization of the samples – by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry – found 35 and 38 components for summer and winter, respectively, of the EO from E. pohliana leaves, totaling 47 different compounds. Analysis of antioxidant capacity (DPPH, ABTS and TAC) revealed that the summer EO showed greater free radical scavenging capacity than the winter. Similarly, the summer EO exhibited superior antimicrobial potential (MIC=128–512 μg/mL and MMC=128–1024 μg/mL, compared to the winter EO (128–2048 μg/mL and 256–2048 μg/mL, respectively). Results showed that both oils had a low potential to cause hemolysis. This study provides new scientific evidence on the influence of seasonality on the pharmacological properties of E. pohliana leaves and its potential for the development of herbal medicines.
Impact of left atrial appendage fibrosis on atrial fibrillation in patients following coronary bypass surgery
Authors: Eckstein Jan , Renner André , Zittermann Armin , Fink Thomas , Sohns Christian , Niehaus Karsten , Bednarz Hanna , Neumann Judith Martha , Piran Misagh , Kellner Udo , Gummert Jan
Published: July 2022

Objectives

We aimed to assess the relationship of left atrial appendage (LAA) fibrosis with atrial fibrillation (AF) and postoperative events in patients receiving coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG).

Background

Increased atrial fibrosis has been associated with AF and worse outcome following catheter ablation. Only limited data exists focusing on the impact of LAA fibrosis on AF after CABG.

Methods

LAA tissue from 164 CABG‐patients was stained with Masson‐Goldner trichrome. The histological landscape was scanned and segmented into superpixels for software analysis (QuPath). A classification algorithm was extensively trained to detect fibrotic superpixels for quantification. In 43 propensity score matched pairs with AF or sinus rhythm (SR), LAA fibrosis was compared. Moreover, subgroups of mitral valve regurgitation (MR) were analyzed as follows: SR, SR + MR, AF and AF + MR. The predictive value of LAA fibrosis postoperative stroke, postoperative AF and mortality was assessed.

Results

Fibrotic remodeling (%) showed no significant difference for the total cohort between the SR and AF group (SR: 30.8 ± 11.4% and AF: 33.8 ± 16.0%, respectively, p = .32). However, significant fibrotic remodeling was observed for SR and AF subgroups (SR: 27.2 ± 12.2% vs. AF: 35.3 ± 13.7%; respectively, p = .049) and between SR and SR + MR subgroups (SR: 27.2 ± 12.2% vs. SR + MR: 34.9 ± 9.1%, respectively, p = .027). LAA fibrosis was not significantly associated with postoperative stroke, postoperative AF or overall mortality (all p > .05).

Conclusion

LAA fibrosis may contribute to an individual arrhythmia substrate for AF in patients with AF but also in those with SR and coincidence of MR. LAA fibrosis was not found to be predictive for clinical events in patients after CABG.
Compound Interaction Screen on a Photoactivatable Cellulose Membrane (CISCM) Identifies Drug Targets
Authors: Melder F. Teresa I. , Lindemann Peter , Welle Alexander , Trouillet Vanessa , Heißler Stefan , Nazaré Marc , Selbach Matthias
Published: July 2022

Identifying the protein targets of drugs is an important but tedious process. Existing proteomic approaches enable unbiased target identification but lack the throughput needed to screen larger compound libraries. Here, we present a compound interaction screen on a photoactivatable cellulose membrane (CISCM) that enables target identification of several drugs in parallel. To this end, we use diazirine‐based undirected photoaffinity labeling (PAL) to immobilize compounds on cellulose membranes. Functionalized membranes are then incubated with protein extract and specific targets are identified via quantitative affinity purification and mass spectrometry. CISCM reliably identifies known targets of natural products in less than three hours of analysis time per compound. In summary, we show that combining undirected photoimmobilization of compounds on cellulose with quantitative interaction proteomics provides an efficient means to identify the targets of natural products.
Predicting the language of depression from multivariate twitter data using a feature‐rich hybrid deep learning model
Authors: Kour Harnain , Gupta Manoj Kumar
Published: July 2022

Depression is a clinical entity that might be difficult for a psychiatrist to diagnose it effectively on time. A depressed person usually suffers from distress and anxiety, leading to serious consequences if not diagnosed early. Social media platforms facilitate users to exchange ideas and dialogs, resulting in the collection of a huge volume of data. Analyzing user's online behavior to categorize depression is a challenging task for researchers. This motivated researchers to investigate machine learning, deep learning, and natural language processing techniques supporting research related to depression prediction. The dataset used in the study is a large‐scale Twitter dataset. This article aims to investigate a hybrid CNN‐LSTM deep learning model with the Word2Vec feature extraction technique for classifying depressive sentiments from Twitter data. By using TF‐IDF, PCA, and Word2Vec approaches, this model utilizes significant linguistic features present within the text. The proposed model is evaluated on four benchmark datasets and its efficiency is compared with four traditional machine learning models. Moreover, the proposed model's performance is compared to three deep learning‐based hybrid models. The proposed model showed comparable performance with the hybrid deep learning‐based models and outperformed state‐of‐the‐art machine learning techniques with an accuracy of 96.78% and an MSE score of 3.21.
Application of microsensors and support vector machines in the assessment of lower limb posture correction in adolescents
Authors: Zhang Yinman , Wang Lulu
Published: July 2022

Automatic monitoring of physical activity provides reliable data support for the maintenance of people's physical health and provides more scientific data for studying the relationship between physical activity and disease. In this article, a research on the evaluation of adolescent lower limb posture correction based on collaborative filtering and microsensors is carried out. Aiming at the problem that the human body posture monitoring system needs multiple nodes, this article simplifies the existing human body posture monitoring model and establishes a human body model with four degrees of freedom of the lower limbs. On this basis, the micro‐sensor assembly scheme and monitoring node layout scheme for obtaining model description parameters are determined. Methods such as collaborative filtering and support vector machines are used in the process of sensor data processing and correction effect evaluation. Finally, this article uses the constructed human body posture monitoring system to carry out the recognition test of the specific posture of the human body. The experimental results show that the evaluation scheme can effectively monitor and evaluate the effect of lower limb posture correction in adolescents.
Excess CO2 Reductions during CH3COOH Formation from CH4 and CO2 under Periodic Operation: Downhill Side Reactions in an Uphill Target Reaction under Unsteady Conditions
Authors: Nishimura Naoyuki , Onishi Kazuhiro , Tojo Masahiro
Published: July 2022

Acetic acid (CH3COOH) formation from methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) is an ideal reaction for chemical production, whereas this reaction possesses a severe thermodynamic limitation. To address this issue, it has been reported that periodic operation allowing a non‐equilibrium condition can overcome the thermodynamic limitation. However, although an intrinsic issue of uphill reactions in non‐equilibrium conditions generally is occurrence of unfavorable downhill reactions, this issue has seldom been discussed for the CH3COOH formation under periodic operation. Herein, excess CO2 reductions were found to be the unfavorable downhill reactions possibly occurring in the reaction aiming at CH3COOH formation under periodically operated CH4 and CO2 feeds. The reaction using an isotopic reactant (i. e., 13CH4) unveiled that excess CO2 reductions to CO and even to CH3 moiety could occur, indicating importance of catalyst development. Furthermore, it was proposed that H2O vapor introduction into the CO2 feed, which increased the CH3COOH product, most likely facilitated the reverse reaction of the excess CO2 reductions and thereby is effective to hamper the unfavorable side reaction.
Using base index for selection of St. Augustinegrass breeding lines evaluated in multienvironment trials for turfgrass quality traits and stress tolerance in North Carolina
Authors: Graham Sydney E. , Tome Gouveia Beatriz , Carbajal Esdras M. , Van der Laat Rocio , Milla‐Lewis Susana R.
Published: July 2022

St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] is a warm‐season turfgrass primarily used for home lawns and commercial landscapes in the southern United States. New cultivars that possess desirable turfgrass quality (TQ) in combination with improved tolerance to diseases, drought and cold are needed to increase the sustainability of St. Augustinegrass production and maintenance in transitional zones. This study's objectives were to evaluate breeding lines in multienvironment trials across North Carolina to (a) assess relationships among economically important traits, and (b) select genotypes with stable performance across environments. Sixty‐one St. Augustinegrass genotypes and five commercial checks were established in replicated field trials at three locations across North Carolina. Entries were evaluated for rate of establishment, TQ, turfgrass stand density, genetic color, leaf texture, uniformity, winter survival, fall color, drought tolerance, and gray leaf spot resistance from 2017 to 2020. Best linear unbiased predictions were used to calculate a selection index to identify elite genotypes across traits. The 10 traits were clustered into three groups: winter survival and fall color; genetic color, leaf texture, and gray leaf spot resistance; and establishment rate, TQ, density, uniformity, and drought tolerance. Selection of the top 10 genotypes using the selection index resulted in positive estimated genetic gains for all 10 traits, indicating it is an effective method for simultaneous selection. Line XSA 14271 outperformed ‘Palmetto’, ‘Raleigh’, ‘Captiva’, and ‘Seville’, for several traits and was the top‐ranked line. It will be advanced to on‐farm trials to evaluate sod production traits to assess its potential for commercial release.
Association of ejection fraction with mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Liu Yupeng , Song Jingjing , Wang Wenyao , Zhang Kuo , Qi Yu , Yang Jie , Wen Jun , Meng Xiangbin , Gao Jun , Shao Chunli , Tang Yi‐Da
Published: July 2022

Aims

Recent studies suggested that both left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) lower than 60% or higher than 65% were associated with an increased mortality in the general population. Uncertainty remains regarding adverse outcomes across LVEF in coronary artery disease (CAD). The common understanding was that LVEF <40% was associated with an increased risk of mortality. But the threshold at LVEF of 40% was arbitrary because quite a lot of adverse outcomes existed in patients with ejection fraction >40%. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between LVEF and mortality or adverse events in CAD patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods and results

A total of 10 252 CAD patients undergoing PCI from an observational cohort were studied. All‐cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) were set as outcomes. Kaplan–Meier curves, adjusted Cox regression models, and restricted cubic spline analyses were used for evaluation. A total of 137 (1.3%) patients had all‐cause mortality, and 816 (8.0%) patients had MACCE during a median of 2.4 years of follow‐up. The median LVEF was 64%. All‐cause mortality and MACCE rates changed substantially across LVEF categories, and a linear inverse relationship of LVEF with all‐cause mortality and MACCE risk was observed. All‐cause mortality or MACCE risk increased significantly below an LVEF of 55 or 65%, respectively. Patients with LVEF <55% had a more than 3.5‐fold higher mortality than those with LVEF ≥55%. Patients with LVEF <65% had a more than 1.3‐fold higher MACCE than those with LVEF ≥65%. Below 55 or 65%, there was a rise in mortality or MACCE. A gradient–response relationship was observed, with an all‐cause mortality risk range between 8.6‐fold and 3.0‐fold increase from LVEF <40 to 50–54.9% and MACCE risk range between 2.4‐fold and 1.4‐fold from LVEF <40 to 60–64.9%.

Conclusions

In CAD patients undergoing PCI, LVEF lower than 55% or LVEF lower than 65% was correlated with increased all‐cause mortality and MACCE respectively, whereas higher LVEF was not.
Rhodium(I) Complexes Bearing Hydroxyl‐Functionalized 1,2,3‐Triazolylidenes and Their Catalytic Application
Authors: de la Fuente‐Olvera Agustín A. , Ruiz‐Mendoza Franciso J. , Vásquez‐Pérez José M. , Meléndez‐Rodríguez Myriam , Álvarez‐Hernández Alejandro , Salazar‐Pereda Verónica , Mendoza‐Espinosa Daniel
Published: July 2022

We report the straightforward synthesis and full characterization of a novel series rhodium(I) complexes (3 a–c) supported by hydroxyl‐functionalized 1,2,3‐triazolylidenes. All new compounds were fully characterized by means of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, melting points, and elemental analyses. The new triazolylidene rhodium complexes 3 a–c were tested as catalysts in the hydrosilylation of terminal alkynes and the 1,4‐addition of boronic acid to 2‐cyclohexenone. Both catalytic processes provide good to excellent yields under low catalyst loadings and in the case of the hydrosilylation, a good selectivity toward the E‐isomer is observed.
DNA‐Templated Formation and N,O‐Transacetalization of N‐Methoxyoxazolidines
Authors: Aho Aapo , Österlund Tommi , Rahkila Jani , Virta Pasi
Published: July 2022

DNA‐templated formation and N,O‐transacetalization of N‐methoxyoxazolidines have been studied. Compared to the reaction without a DNA‐catalyst, the hybridization‐driven N‐methoxyoxazolidine formation shows a marked rate acceleration, whereas the rate of corresponding N,O‐transacetalization is limited by the rate of decay to aldehyde intermediates. In both cases, the equilibrium yield increases markedly on the DNA template. Different hairpin architectures have been studied to evaluate the role and limits of the template effect. Furthermore, an attention has been paid to stereochemical integrity (R/S) of the N‐methoxyoxazolidine linkage. The N‐methoxyoxazolidine formation represents a dynamic pH‐responsive DNA‐templated ligation that occurs readily in slightly acidic conditions (pH 5).
α‐Angelica Lactone Catalyzed Oxidation of Pyrrolidines to Lactams
Authors: Deepake Siddharth K. , Kumar Manish , Kumar Pawan , Das Utpal
Published: July 2022

Herein, we report an efficient protocol for the synthesis of γ‐lactams from pyrrolidines and oxygen. The strategy follows a two‐step process involving an initial generation α‐amino alkyl radicals from pyrrolidines and oxygen in presence of 4‐dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) followed by trapping of the radical with oxygen species. This protocol demonstrates good functional group acceptance and provides a direct method to access γ‐lactams. The lactam derivatives were obtained in up to 98 % yield.
Adding Plasticizer Dispersible Conducting Polymer to the Ion‐selective Membrane Composition – Revitalizing Single Piece Ion‐selective Electrodes Concept
Authors: Jaworska Ewa , Maksymiuk Krzysztof , Michalska Agata
Published: July 2022

Typically, ion‐selective electrodes used in current triggered electrochemical sensing apply a conducting polymer layer covered with an ion‐selective membrane. In this work we propose an ion‐selective membrane containing a dispersed conducting polymer. Thus obtained system allows elimination of the Achilles hell of heterogeneous ion‐selective membranes containing solid particulates dispersed within the ion‐selective polymeric membrane. The herein proposed system, even for high conducting polymer loading equal to 5 % w/w, is characterized with insensitivity towards redox interferences, as well as potentiometric detection limits, selectivity well comparable with that for other ion‐selective electrodes constructions. Under voltammetric conditions, with increasing loading of the conducting polymer in the membrane cathodic peak potentials are shifted towards more negative values, yet the linear dependence of the peak potential on logarithm of concentration of the analyte in the solution is preserved.
The physicochemical properties of the spirulina‐wheat germ‐enriched high‐protein functional beverage based on pear‐cantaloupe juice
Authors: Hassanzadeh Hamed , Ghanbarzadeh Babak , Galali Yaseen , Bagheri Hamed
Published: July 2022

The formulation of a novel functional juice, enriched with wheat germ powder and spirulina algae and based on cantaloupe and pear juice, was optimized by D‐optimal combined design. Firstly, sensory evaluation was performed by hedonic test to evaluate the organoleptic properties, and organoleptically desirable samples were screened for further experiments. Various chemical experiments including PH, acidity, formalin index, total phenol, flavonoids, antioxidant capacity, mineral contents (Fe, Zn, Ca, P, K, Mg, and Cu), and fatty acids profile were evaluated. The steady shear flow rheological test also was performed on the screened samples. The results of sensory evaluation showed that the samples containing 1% spirulina and wheat germ had the highest organoleptic score. The results of physicochemical tests on the selected samples showed that the addition of spirulina and wheat germ powder had little effect on pH, acidity, and formalin index but they affected brix, dry matter, and protein content. Also, the addition of spirulina and wheat germ powder, changed the amounts of antioxidant capacity (from 90 to 98%), total phenol (from 4 to 22 mg GAE/g), and flavonoid content (from 5 to 15 mg/L) in the functional beverages. Furthermore, the results of rheological tests showed that the addition of wheat germ powder in the functional fruit juices increased apparent viscosity however; spirulina did not affect important change in rheological properties. The GC‐Mass analysis presented fatty acid profiles of the functional beverages and confirmed the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids (for example decanoic acid and heptadecanoic acid) in the samples.
Activin B promotes the initiation and progression of liver fibrosis
Authors: Wang Yan , Hamang Matthew , Culver Alexander , Jiang Huaizhou , Yanum Jennifer , Garcia Veronica , Lee Joonyong , White Emily , Kusumanchi Praveen , Chalasani Naga , Liangpunsakul Suthat , Yaden Benjamin C. , Dai Guoli
Published: July 2022

The role of activin B, a transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily cytokine, in liver health and disease is largely unknown. We aimed to investigate whether activin B modulates liver fibrogenesis. Liver and serum activin B, along with its analog activin A, were analyzed in patients with liver fibrosis from different etiologies and in mouse acute and chronic liver injury models. Activin B, activin A, or both was immunologically neutralized in mice with progressive or established carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)–induced liver fibrosis. Hepatic and circulating activin B was increased in human patients with liver fibrosis caused by several liver diseases. In mice, hepatic and circulating activin B exhibited persistent elevation following the onset of several types of liver injury, whereas activin A displayed transient increases. The results revealed a close correlation of activin B with liver injury regardless of etiology and species. Injured hepatocytes produced excessive activin B. Neutralizing activin B largely prevented, as well as improved, CCl4‐induced liver fibrosis, which was augmented by co‐neutralizing activin A. Mechanistically, activin B mediated the activation of c‐Jun‐N‐terminal kinase (JNK), the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and the maintenance of poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) expression in injured livers. Moreover, activin B directly induced a profibrotic expression profile in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and stimulated these cells to form a septa structure. Conclusions: We demonstrate that activin B, cooperating with activin A, mediates the activation or expression of JNK, iNOS, and PARP1 and the activation of HSCs, driving the initiation and progression of liver fibrosis.
Bile acid conjugation deficiency causes hypercholanemia, hyperphagia, islet dysfunction, and gut dysbiosis in mice
Authors: Alrehaili Bandar D. , Lee Mikang , Takahashi Shogo , Novak Robert , Rimal Bipin , Boehme Shannon , Trammell Samuel A. J. , Grevengoed Trisha J. , Kumar Devendra , Alnouti Yazen , Chiti Katya , Wang Xinwen , Patterson Andrew D. , Chiang John Y. L. , Gonzalez Frank J. , Lee Yoon‐Kwang
Published: July 2022

Bile acid‐CoA: amino acid N‐acyltransferase (BAAT) catalyzes bile acid conjugation, the last step in bile acid synthesis. BAAT gene mutation in humans results in hypercholanemia, growth retardation, and fat‐soluble vitamin insufficiency. The current study investigated the physiological function of BAAT in bile acid and lipid metabolism using Baat

−/−
mice. The bile acid composition and hepatic gene expression were analyzed in 10‐week‐old Baat

−/−
mice. They were also challenged with a westernized diet (WD) for additional 15 weeks to assess the role of BAAT in bile acid, lipid, and glucose metabolism. Comprehensive lab animal monitoring system and cecal 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing were used to evaluate the energy metabolism and microbiome structure of the mice, respectively. In Baat

−/−
mice, hepatic bile acids were mostly unconjugated and their levels were significantly increased compared with wild‐type mice. Bile acid polyhydroxylation was markedly up‐regulated to detoxify unconjugated bile acid accumulated in Baat

−/−
mice. Although the level of serum marker of bile acid synthesis, 7α‐hydroxy‐4‐cholesten‐3‐one, was higher in Baat

−/−
mice, their bile acid pool size was smaller. When fed a WD, the Baat

−/−
mice showed a compromised body weight gain and impaired insulin secretion. The gut microbiome of Baat

−/−
mice showed a low level of sulfidogenic bacteria Bilophila. Conclusion: Mouse BAAT is the major taurine‐conjugating enzyme. Its deletion protected the animals from diet‐induced obesity, but caused glucose intolerance. The gut microbiome of the Baat

−/−
mice was altered to accommodate the unconjugated bile acid pool.
Factors predicting successful sperm retrieval in men with nonobstructive Azoospermia: A single center perspective
Authors: Aljubran Abdulkareem , Safar Omar , Elatreisy Adel , Alwadai Raed , Shalkamy Osama , Assiri Hassan Mohammed , Eskander Mamdoh , Arezki Adel , Ibrahim Ahmed
Published: July 2022

Predicting successful sperm retrieval is essential in counseling infertile men with Azoospermia.

Objectives

To assess the predictors of successful sperm extraction in men with nonobstructive Azoospermia.

Patients and Methods

A retrospective study included all patients with nonobstructive Azoospermia from January 2018 to May 2019. Subdivided into two groups, group I (negative sperm retrieval) and group II (positive sperm retrieval).

Results

A total of 108 patients with a mean age of 36.8 ± 10 years were included. The rate of successful sperm retrieval was 47.2%. Group I included 57 patients (52.8%) with a mean age of 33.98 ± 6.18, and group II included 51 patients (47.2%) with a mean age of 40.04 ± 12.22 (p = 0.008). Follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were significantly higher in group I (18.55 ± 13 vs. 7.97 ± 7.11; p < 0.004). Similarly, in group I, luteinizing hormone was significantly higher (11.4 ± 7.45 vs. 5.9 ± 4.4; p < 0.001). Age and FSH were the independent predictors of successful micro‐TESE. Additionally, successful pregnancies were 13.7% of patients, 28.6% of which gave rise to living birth.

Conclusion

Patients' age and serum FSH are independent predictors of successful sperm retrieval for infertile men with nonobstructive Azoospermia; young patients with high FSH levels could have little chance of sperm retrieval.
Developmental effects of siloxane exposure in zebrafish: A comparison study using laboratory‐mixed and environmental water samples
Authors: Jessup William H. , Wiegand Jenna , Delbridge‐Perry Mikayla , MacAvoy Stephen E. , Connaughton Victoria P.
Published: July 2022

Siloxanes are used in personal care, biomedical, and industrial products. Their worldwide use and persistence in the environment cause consistent exposure for both humans and aquatic animals. Two siloxane congeners, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5; CAS 541‐02‐6) and octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4; CAS 556‐67‐2), are among the most prevalent, with measurable levels in air, sediment, water, and biological samples. However, few studies have examined the impact of developmental (embryo/larva) exposure. To address this gap, we performed parallel experiments using wildtype zebrafish (Danio rerio). One set of experiments used laboratory‐mixed individual solutions containing either D4, D5, or 2,4,6,8‐tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4H; CAS 2370‐88‐9); the other used environmental water samples containing a mixture of siloxanes, including D4 and D5. These samples were collected from Bladensburg Waterfront Park (BWP) a site along the Anacostia River, Washington, DC. In both experiments, zebrafish (24–48 h postfertilization, hpf) were exposed until 7 or 14 days (d)pf. Chronic exposure to D4, D5, or BWP water until 7 dpf caused stress‐like behaviors and reduced swim velocities; anatomical differences were noted only in BWP‐exposed larvae. At 14 dpf, BWP‐treated larvae still showed slower swimming velocities and increased immobility; anatomical differences were no longer evident and thigmotactic behavior was reduced. D4 and D5‐exposed larvae did not survive after 10 dpf. Larvae exposed to D4H showed no decreases in behavior or growth at either age. These results suggest early developmental sensitivity to siloxane exposure and point to the need to consider embryonic/larval endpoints when assessing aquatic contaminants.
Linguistic attributes and trade credit: Evidence from textual analysis of earnings conference calls
Authors: Fei Xingyuan , Xu Hongkang , Zhang Jiarui
Published: July 2022

In this study, we explore how the linguistic attributes of verbal language influence suppliers by focusing on trade credit using the earnings conference call setting. We hypothesize and find that suppliers tend to extend more trade credit to customers if managers of the customer firm use more positive tone relative to negative tone on conference calls, indicating that suppliers are likely to disentangle the positivity and negativity of managers’ tones of their customer firms on conference calls and adjust their trade credit strategy accordingly. We also find that suppliers are likely to grant less trade credit to customer firms if managers of the customer firm use more uncertainty and litigious words on calls. Our results are supported by a number of robustness tests. Overall, our results suggest that the linguistic attributes of customer firms on earnings conference calls have a significant impact on suppliers’ perception and assessment of future performance and uncertainty in customer firms.
Preliminary Diffusion‐Tensor Imaging Evidence for Trans‐Synaptic Axonal Degeneration in Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy Due to Thyroid‐Associated Ophthalmopathy
Authors: Liu Ping , Luo Ban , Chen Lang , Wang Qiu‐Xia , Zhai Lin‐Han , Wu Hong‐Yu , Zhao Ya‐Li , Yuan Gang , Jiang Gui‐Hua , Zhang Jing
Published: July 2022

Background

The mechanism driving dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) is unclear. Diffusion‐tensor imaging (DTI) allows for noninvasively assessing the microstructure of the entire visual pathway and may facilitate a better understanding of the mechanism of DON.

Purpose

To assess microstructural changes of the whole visual pathway and to investigate the potential mechanism of trans‐synaptic damage（TSD） pathogenesis in DON with DTI.

Study Type

Cross‐sectional.

Population

Sixty‐four patients with bilateral thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), 30 with and 34 without DON, and 30 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (HCs).

Field Strength/Sequence

3 T/DTI (A single‐shot diffusion‐weighted echo‐planar imaging sequence).

Assessment

Differences in DTI parameters including fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) in each segment (optic nerve, tract, and radiation) of the entire visual pathway among the groups were compared. The parameters of visual evoked potentials (VEPs), visual field tests, and mean retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL) thickness on optical coherence tomography were also compared across patients.

Statistical Tests

Student's t‐test, chi‐square test; ANOVA with post‐hoc testing, interclass correlation coefficient, and correlation analysis. Significance level: P < 0.05.

Results

TAO patients with DON showed significantly reduced mRNFL thickness and abnormal VEPs. There was a tendency for gradually reduced FA and AD, and increased RD and MD from HCs, with non‐DON to with DON in optic nerve and tract, statistically. For radiation, the RD and MD showed statistical increase, the AD and FA just showed numerical decrease (P = 0.119 and 0.059, respectively). For DON, the FA and MD of visual pathway segments showed correlations with abnormal VEPs.

Data Conclusion

DTI may be a useful tool for detecting microstructural changes in the entire visual pathway in DON. The changes in RNFL thickness and DTI parameters suggested TSD as a potential pathogenic mechanism of DON.

Evidence Level: 4

Technical Efficacy: Stage 5
Correlation of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient With Proliferation and Apoptotic Indexes in a Murine Model of Fibrosarcoma: Comparison of Four Methods for MRI Region of Interest Positioning
Authors: Yang Yanyu , Fang Shaobo , Tao Juan , Liu Yajie , Wang Chunjie , Yin Zhenzhen , Chen Bo , Duan Zhiqing , Liu Wenyu , Wang Shaowu
Published: July 2022

Background

Diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) has demonstrated great potential in predicting the expression of tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis indexes.

Purpose

To evaluate the impact of four region of interest (ROI) methods on interobserver variability and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and to examine the correlation of ADC values with Ki‐67, Bcl‐2, and P53 labeling indexes (LIs) in a murine model of fibrosarcoma.

Study Type

Prospective, animal model.

Animal Model

A total of 22 female BALB/c mice bearing intramuscular fibrosarcoma xenografts.

Field Strength/Sequence

A 3.0 T/T1‐weighted fast spin‐echo (FSE), T2‐weighted fast relaxation fast spin‐echo, and DWI PROPELLER FSE sequences.

Assessment

Four radiologists measured ADC values using four ROI methods (oval, freehand, small‐sample, and whole‐volume). Immunohistochemical assessment of Ki‐67, Bcl‐2, and P53 LIs was performed.

Statistical Tests

Interclass correlation coefficient (ICC), one‐way analysis of variance followed by LSD‐t post hoc analysis, and Pearson correlation test were performed. The statistical threshold was defined as a P‐value of <0.05.

Results

All ROI methods for ADC measurements showed excellent interobserver agreement (ICC range, 0.832–0.986). The ADC values demonstrated significant differences among the four ROI methods. The ADC values for oval, freehand, small‐sample, and whole‐volume ROI methods showed a moderately negative correlation with Ki‐67 (r = −0.623; r = −0.629; r = −0.642, and r = −0.431) and Bcl‐2 (r = −0.590; r = −0.597; r = −0.659, and r = −0.425) LIs, but no correlation with P53 LI (r = 0.364, P = 0.104; r = 0.350, P = 0.120; r = 0.379, P = 0.091; r = 0.390, P = 0.080).

Data Conclusion

The ADC value can be used to evaluate cell proliferation and apoptosis indexes in a murine model of fibrosarcoma, employing the small‐sample ROI as a reliable method.

Evidence Level

1

Technical Efficacy

Stage 3