bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penggunaan Fitur Media Sosial Instagram Stories Sebagai Media Komunikasi
Authors: Martha Zike
Published: July 2021

Instagram is one of the social media which is widely used by the public. They use the media not only to fill their free time, but also to reveal their previously hidden information. This study aims to find out how people reveal themselves through the Instagram story feature on social media of Instagram. This study uses descriptive qualitative research method with the theory of self-disclosure and the theory of Uses and Gratification as a theory in analyzing self-disclosure in Instagram story. Data collection techniques used were through interviews and documentation. The data were then analyzed using the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusion. The result showed that self-disclosure depends on the mood (mood) and tends to be due to the dyadic effect, and depends on the personality of an individual. The content of the message expressed in accordance with the needs and desires of an individual was also in accordance with the goals to be achieved based on the dimensions of the purpose of self-disclosure which are used as the unit of analysis in this study such as expression, self-cleaning, social control, and relationship development. to express feeling and self-development to gain self-awareness as social control, and to increase the intimacy of a relationship.

Keywords: instagram story; self disclosure; uses and gratification
The Effectiveness Of Online Based Physics Learning In The Covid-19 Pandemic Period On The Material Of Work And Energy
Authors: Haqiqi Kharisma Titian , Hariyono Eko , Lestari Nurita Apridiana
Published: July 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic that hit Indonesia impacts the field of education. The learning process is usually carried out face-to-face has turned into online learning. This study aims to see the effectiveness of online learning based on the learning process, the achievement of learning objectives, and the obstacles experienced by students and teachers when doing online learning at SMA Negeri 2 Ponorogo during the Covid-19 pandemic. The quantitative descriptive method was used in this research. The online survey was used by using a questionnaire instrument through Google Form and cognitive tests. The results showed that online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic often used the WhatsApp platform and school e-learning websites. Respondents were interested in taking physics lessons during the pandemic online because respondents used many learnings. Based on the cognitive test results, the mean value of the respondents was <60 and did not meet the graduation criteria. The result shows that the respondents do not understand the materialof work and energy.. The obstacles experienced by respondents were difficulty understanding the material and questions in the form of statements on work and energy materials and limited quotas and internet networks. Based on the questionnaire, it was found that the effectiveness of online learning was 57%. It can be concluded that online-based physics learning during the Covid-19 pandemic at SMA Negeri 2 Ponorogo on adequate energy and business materials was carried out as a substitute for face-to-face learning.
Extraction-free detection of amphibian pathogens from water baths
Authors: Bletz MC , LaBumbard BC , Le Sage EH , Woodhams DC
Published: July 2021

Detecting and quantifying pathogens with quick, cost-efficient and sensitive methods is needed across disease systems for addressing pertinent epidemiological questions. Typical methods rely on extracting DNA from collected samples. Here we develop and test an extraction-free method from water bath samples that is both sensitive and efficient for 2 major amphibian pathogens—Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and B. salamandrivorans. We tested mock samples with known pathogen quantities as well as comparatively assessed detection from skin swabs and water baths from field sampled amphibians. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) directly on lyophilized water baths was able to reliably detect low loads of 10 and 1 zoospores for both pathogens, and detection rates were greater than those of swabs from field samples. Further concentration of samples did not improve detection, and collection container type did not influence pathogen load estimates. This method of lyophilization (i.e. freeze-drying) followed by direct qPCR offers an effective and efficient tool from detecting amphibian pathogens, which is crucial for surveillance efforts and estimating shedding rates for robust epidemiological understanding of transmission dynamics. Furthermore, water bath samples have multiple functions and can be used to evaluate mucosal function against pathogens and characterize mucosal components. The multifunctionality of water bath samples and reduced monetary costs and time expenditures make this method an optimal tool for amphibian disease research and may also prove to be useful in other wildlife disease systems.
Spatial and cross-seasonal patterns of coral diseases in reefs of Taiwan: high prevalence and regional variation
Authors: Huang CY , Hwang JS , Yamashiro H , Tang SL
Published: July 2021

Although research on coral diseases is increasing worldwide, it remains limited in Taiwan. Taiwan is located at the Tropic of Cancer and contains both tropical and subtropical reefs. We conducted spatial and cross-seasonal surveys in Taiwan in 2018 and identified 7 types of disease and nondisease lesions and 6 potential factors influencing coral health. The overall mean prevalence of disease and nondisease lesions varied considerably across the reef regions, and host susceptibility differed among the coral taxa. The overall mean prevalence of disease and nondisease lesions was highest in Kenting (mean ± SEM: 8.58 ± 1.81%) and lowest on the Southern Islands (2.12 ± 0.73%). Although the prevalence of diseases did not differ significantly between the seasons, cyanobacteria-related diseases—including black band disease (BBD), BBD-like syndrome, and other cyanobacterial syndromes—were slightly more prevalent in autumn than in spring. Furthermore, 3 of the potential factors influencing coral health (i.e. turf algae, bioeroding sponges, and coral bleaching) were strong predictors of disease and nondisease lesion prevalence. These results advance our understanding of coral disease ecology in Taiwan and highlight the need for further research on the correlations between diseases, hosts, and environment.
IMAGE IN NON-ARTISTIC TEXT AS A FACTOR DEVELOPING READING STRATEGIES OF SECONDARY TECHNICAL SCHOOLS' PUPILS
Authors: VICHERKOVÁ DANA , ŠENKEŘÍKOVÁ MARKÉTA , LICHÁ DENISA
Published: July 2021

The paper focuses on the current problem of factors influencing the reading of non-artistic texts and the development of reading strategies of pupils of secondary technical schools in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. The paper aims to reflect, describe, analyse and evaluate which types of non-artistic texts, images, and depictions develop pupils' reading strategies. The text presents selected results of the quantitatively oriented questionnaire survey focusing on the identification of the relationship between the pupil's notion of a non-artistic text and course of work with the image as factors influencing their reading strategies. The partial goal of the pilot research is to point out the factors influencing student teachers at the Faculty of Education of the University of Ostrava in working with non-artistic text, an image in the text and their understanding.
ON FUNCTION SPACES CHARACTERIZED BY THE WIGNER TRANSFORM
Authors: KULAK Öznur
Published: July 2021

Let $\omega _{i}$ be weight
functions on $%
%TCIMACRO{\U{211d} }%
%BeginExpansion
\mathbb{R}
%EndExpansion
$, (i=1,2,3,4). In this work, we define $CW_{\omega _{1},\omega _{2},\omega _{3},\omega
_{4}}^{p,q,r,s,\tau }\left(
%TCIMACRO{\U{211d} }%
%BeginExpansion
\mathbb{R}
%EndExpansion
\right) $ to be vector space of $\left( f,g\right) \in \left( L_{\omega
_{1}}^{p}\times L_{\omega _{2}}^{q}\right) \left(
%TCIMACRO{\U{211d} }%
%BeginExpansion
\mathbb{R}
%EndExpansion
\right) $ such that the $\tau -$Wigner transforms $W_{\tau }\left(
f,.\right) $ and $W_{\tau }\left( .,g\right) $ belong to $L_{\omega
_{3}}^{r}\left(
%TCIMACRO{\U{211d} }%
%BeginExpansion
\mathbb{R}
%EndExpansion
^{2}\right) $ and $L_{\omega _{4}}^{s}\left(
%TCIMACRO{\U{211d} }%
%BeginExpansion
\mathbb{R}
%EndExpansion
^{2}\right) $ respectively for $1\leq p,q,r,s<\infty $, $\tau \in \left(
0,1\right) $. We endow this space with a sum norm and prove that $%
CW_{\omega _{1},\omega _{2},\omega _{3},\omega _{4}}^{p,q,r,s,\tau }\left(
%TCIMACRO{\U{211d} }%
%BeginExpansion
\mathbb{R}
%EndExpansion
\right) $ is a Banach space. We also show that $CW_{\omega _{1},\omega
_{2},\omega _{3},\omega _{4}}^{p,q,r,s,\tau }\left(
%TCIMACRO{\U{211d} }%
%BeginExpansion
\mathbb{R}
%EndExpansion
\right) $ becomes an essential Banach module over $\left( L_{\omega
_{1}}^{1}\times L_{\omega _{2}}^{1}\right) \left(
%TCIMACRO{\U{211d} }%
%BeginExpansion
\mathbb{R}
%EndExpansion
\right) $. We then consider approximate identities.
The Emerging Role of Circular RNAs in Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chao Fan , Wang Shiyu , Zhang Cong , Han Dunsheng , Xu Guoxiong , Chen Gang
Published: July 2021

Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors that threaten the health of men. It is urgent to explore new molecular targets and develop new drugs for the treatment of prostate cancer. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are aberrantly expressed in various malignant tumors. The dysregulated circRNAs are involved in the metastasis, tumor growth, drug resistance, and immunosuppression of malignant tumors. The present review systematically summarized publications concerning the biological implications of circRNAs in prostate cancer. The PubMed and Web of Science databases were used to retrieve publications concerning circRNAs and prostate cancer until June 16, 2021. The following keywords were used in the literature search: (circRNA OR circular RNA) AND prostate cancer. 73 publications were enrolled in the present systematic review to summarize the role of circRNAs in prostate cancer. The dysregulated and functional circRNAs were involved in the cell cycle, proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, drug resistance and radiosensitivity of prostate cancer. In addition, circRNAs could function through EVs and serve as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers. Certain circRNAs were correlated with clinicopathological features of prostate cancer. A comprehensive review of the molecular mechanism of the tumorigenesis and progression of prostate cancer may contribute to the development of new therapies of prostate cancer in the future.
Cathelicidin-WA Protects Against LPS-Induced Gut Damage Through Enhancing Survival and Function of Intestinal Stem Cells
Authors: Wang Sisi , Kai Lixia , Zhu Luoyi , Xu Bocheng , Chen Nana , Valencak Teresa G. , Wang Yizhen , Shan Tizhong
Published: July 2021

Preservation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) plays a critical role in initiating epithelial regeneration after intestinal injury. Cathelicidin peptides have been shown to participate in regulating intestinal damage repair. However, it is not known how exactly Cathelicidin-WA (CWA) exert its function after tissue damage. Using a gut injury model in mice involving Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), we observed that CWA administration significantly improved intestinal barrier function, preserved ISCs survival, and augmented ISCs viability within the small intestine (SI) under LPS treatment. In addition, CWA administration effectively prevented proliferation stops and promoted the growth of isolated crypts. Mechanistically, our results show that the appearance of γH2AX was accompanied by weakened expression of SETDB1, a gene that has been reported to safeguard genome stability. Notably, we found that CWA significantly rescued the decreased expression of SETDB1 and reduced DNA damage after LPS treatment. Taken together, CWA could protect against LPS-induced gut damage through enhancing ISCs survival and function. Our results suggest that CWA may become an effective therapeutic regulator to treat intestinal diseases and infections.
The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Bile Acids in Intestinal and Liver Function, Inflammation, and Carcinogenesis
Authors: Visekruna Alexander , Luu Maik
Published: July 2021

During the past decade, researchers have investigated the role of microbiota in health and disease. Recent findings support the hypothesis that commensal bacteria and in particular microbiota-derived metabolites have an impact on development of inflammation and carcinogenesis. Major classes of microbial-derived molecules such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and secondary bile acids (BAs) were shown to have immunomodulatory potential in various autoimmune, inflammatory as well as cancerous disease models and are dependent on diet-derived substrates. The versatile mechanisms underlying both beneficial and detrimental effects of bacterial metabolites comprise diverse regulatory pathways in lymphocytes and non-immune cells including changes in the signaling, metabolic and epigenetic status of these. Consequently, SCFAs as strong modulators of immunometabolism and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have been investigated as therapeutic agents attenuating inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Moreover, BAs were shown to modulate the microbial composition, adaptive and innate immune response. In this review, we will discuss the recent findings in the field of microbiota-derived metabolites, especially with respect to the molecular and cellular mechanisms of SCFA and BA biology in the context of intestinal and liver diseases.
Molecular Regulation of Paused Pluripotency in Early Mammalian Embryos and Stem Cells
Authors: van der Weijden Vera A. , Bulut-Karslioglu Aydan
Published: July 2021

The energetically costly mammalian investment in gestation and lactation requires plentiful nutritional sources and thus links the environmental conditions to reproductive success. Flexibility in adjusting developmental timing enhances chances of survival in adverse conditions. Over 130 mammalian species can reversibly pause early embryonic development by switching to a near dormant state that can be sustained for months, a phenomenon called embryonic diapause. Lineage-specific cells are retained during diapause, and they proliferate and differentiate upon activation. Studying diapause thus reveals principles of pluripotency and dormancy and is not only relevant for development, but also for regeneration and cancer. In this review, we focus on the molecular regulation of diapause in early mammalian embryos and relate it to maintenance of potency in stem cells in vitro. Diapause is established and maintained by active rewiring of the embryonic metabolome, epigenome, and gene expression in communication with maternal tissues. Herein, we particularly discuss factors required at distinct stages of diapause to induce, maintain, and terminate dormancy.
Mass Spectrometry Proteotyping-Based Detection and Identification of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans in Blood
Authors: Kondori Nahid , Kurtovic Amra , Piñeiro-Iglesias Beatriz , Salvà-Serra Francisco , Jaén-Luchoro Daniel , Andersson Björn , Alves Gelio , Ogurtsov Aleksey , Thorsell Annika , Fuchs Johannes , Tunovic Timur , Kamenska Nina , Karlsson Anders , Yu Yi-Kuo , Moore Edward R. B. , Karlsson Roger
Published: July 2021

Bloodstream infections (BSIs), the presence of microorganisms in blood, are potentially serious conditions that can quickly develop into sepsis and life-threatening situations. When assessing proper treatment, rapid diagnosis is the key; besides clinical judgement performed by attending physicians, supporting microbiological tests typically are performed, often requiring microbial isolation and culturing steps, which increases the time required for confirming positive cases of BSI. The additional waiting time forces physicians to prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics and empirically based treatments, before determining the precise cause of the disease. Thus, alternative and more rapid cultivation-independent methods are needed to improve clinical diagnostics, supporting prompt and accurate treatment and reducing the development of antibiotic resistance. In this study, a culture-independent workflow for pathogen detection and identification in blood samples was developed, using peptide biomarkers and applying bottom-up proteomics analyses, i.e., so-called “proteotyping”. To demonstrate the feasibility of detection of blood infectious pathogens, using proteotyping, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were included in the study, as the most prominent bacterial causes of bacteremia and sepsis, as well as Candida albicans, one of the most prominent causes of fungemia. Model systems including spiked negative blood samples, as well as positive blood cultures, without further culturing steps, were investigated. Furthermore, an experiment designed to determine the incubation time needed for correct identification of the infectious pathogens in blood cultures was performed. The results for the spiked negative blood samples showed that proteotyping was 100- to 1,000-fold more sensitive, in comparison with the MALDI-TOF MS-based approach. Furthermore, in the analyses of ten positive blood cultures each of E. coli and S. aureus, both the MALDI-TOF MS-based and proteotyping approaches were successful in the identification of E. coli, although only proteotyping could identify S. aureus correctly in all samples. Compared with the MALDI-TOF MS-based approaches, shotgun proteotyping demonstrated higher sensitivity and accuracy, and required significantly shorter incubation time before detection and identification of the correct pathogen could be accomplished.
The Role of Statistical Learning and Verbal Short-Term Memory in Impaired and Typical Lexical Development
Authors: Kemény Ferenc , Lukács Ágnes
Published: July 2021

Purpose:Studies on the interface between statistical learning and language are dominated by its role in word segmentation and association with grammar skills, while research on its role in lexical development is scarce. The current study is aimed at exploring whether and how statistical learning and verbal short-term memory are associated with lexical skills in typically developing German-speaker primary school children (Experiment 1) and Hungarian-speaking children with developmental language disorder (DLD, Experiment 2).

Methods:We used the language-relevant Peabody Picture Vocabulary Tests to measure individual differences in vocabulary. Statistical learning skills were assessed with the Weather Prediction task, in which participants learn probabilistic cue-outcome associations based on item-based feedback. Verbal short-term memory span was assessed with the Forward digit span task.

Results:Hierarchical linear regression modelling was used to test the contribution of different functions to vocabulary size. In TD children, statistical learning skills had an independent contribution to vocabulary size over and above age, receptive grammatical abilities and short-term memory, whereas working memory did not have an independent contribution. The pattern was reverse in SLI: Vocabulary size was predicted by short-term memory skills over and above age, receptive grammar and statistical learning, whereas statistical learning had no independent contribution.

Conclusion:Our results suggest that lexical development rely on different underlying memory processes in typical development and in developmental language disorder to different degrees. This qualitative difference is discussed in the light of different stages of lexical development, as well as the contribution of the different human memory systems to vocabulary acquisition.
Comparative Analysis of Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emission of Diesel and Electric Trucks for Food Distribution in Gowanus District of New York City
Authors: Elangovan Raghul , Kanwhen Ondrea , Dong Ziqian , Mohamed Ahmed , Rojas-Cessa Roberto
Published: July 2021

New York City’s food distribution system is among the largest in the United States. Food is transported by trucks from twelve major distribution centers to the city’s point-of-sale locations. Trucks consume large amounts of energy and contribute to large amounts of greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, there is interest to increase the efficiency of New York City’s food distribution system. The Gowanus district in New York City is undergoing rezoning from an industrial zone to a mix residential and industrial zone. It serves as a living lab to test new initiatives, policies, and new infrastructure for electric vehicles. We analyze the impact of electrification of food-distribution trucks on greenhouse gas emissions and electricity demand in this paper. However, such analysis faces the challenges of accessing available and granular data, modeling of demands and deliveries that incorporate logistics and inventory management of different types of food retail stores, delivery route selection, and delivery schedule to optimize food distribution. We propose a framework to estimate truck routes for food delivery at a district level. We model the schedule of food delivery from a distribution center to retail stores as a vehicle routing problem using an optimization solver. Our case study shows that diesel trucks consume 300% more energy than electric trucks and generate 40% more greenhouse gases than diesel trucks for food distribution in the Gowanus district.
Architectural Diversity of Submarine Lobate Deposits
Authors: McHargue Tim R. , Hodgson David M. , Shelef Eitan
Published: July 2021

Lobate deposits in deep-water settings are diverse in their depositional architecture but this diversity is under-represented in the literature. Diverse architectures result from multiple factors including source material, basin margin physiography, transport pathway, and depositional setting. In this contribution, we emphasize the impact of differing source materials related to differing delivery mechanisms and their influence on architecture, which is an important consideration in source-to-sink studies. Three well imaged subsurface lobate deposits are described that display three markedly different morphologies. All three lobate examples, two from intraslope settings offshore Nigeria and one from a basin-floor setting offshore Indonesia, are buried by less than 150 m of muddy sediment and are imaged with high resolution 3D reflection seismic data of similar quality and resolution. Distinctively different distributary channel patterns are present in two of the examples, and no comparable distributaries are imaged in a third example. Distributary channels are emphasized because they are objectively recognized and because they often represent elements of elevated fluid content within buried lobate deposits and thus influence permeability structure. We speculate that the different distributary channel patterns documented here resulted from different processes linked to source materials: 1) a lobate deposit that is pervasively channelized by many distributaries that have branched at numerous points is interpreted to result from comparatively mud-rich, stratified, turbulent flows; 2) an absence of distributaries in a lobate deposit is interpreted to result from collapse of mud-poor, turbulent flows remobilized from littoral drift; and 3) a lobate deposit with only a few, long, straight distributaries with few branching points is interpreted to be dominated by highly viscous flows (i.e., debris flows). We propose a conceptual model that illustrates the relationship between the proportion of mud in contributing flows and the relative size and runout distance of lobate deposits. We conclude that reconciling 3D seismic morphologies with outcrop observations of channels, scours, and amalgamation zones, and simple application of hierarchical schemes, is problematic. Furthermore, when characterizing unconfined deep-water deposits in the subsurface, multiple models with significant differences in predicted permeability structure should be considered.
Glacier-Induced Alluvial Fan Development on the Northeast Tibetan Plateau Since the Late Pleistocene
Authors: An Fuyuan , BadingQiuying  , Li Shanlu , Gao Donglin , Chen Tianyuan , Cong Lu , Zhang Jinhu , Cheng Xiali
Published: July 2021

The origin of alluvial fans at the drainage basin or the margins of the arid sedimentary basin on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau (NETP) has been a focus of debate among scientific communities. Extensive alluvial fans had developed in the mountain-basin systems of this region during the late Pleistocene. Based on geomorphic/stratigraphic studies and the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) chronology, we investigated numerous alluvial sequences in the drainage basin of the coupled mountain-basin system on the NETP. Sedimentologic analyses showed that these alluvial sediments mainly comprise crudely meter and decimeter beds of fanglomerate and sandy lenticles, which occasionally contain boulders in the thinner layers. OSL dating results showed that the alluvial sediments were mainly developed during the late MIS 5, MIS 3, and Last Glaciation and Deglaciation (maximum aggradations), while little had occurred during the early Holocene. Comparing our ages and their probability density curves with those of glacial advances from the northeastern/eastern TP, the consistency of both records during different stages since the late Pleistocene suggested that the development of alluvial fans was driven by glacier activities, which yielded abundant outwash, feeding alluvial aggradations. Based on this finding, together with results of previous studies, we argued that the dynamics of alluvial geomorphic processes had a paleoclimatic origin rather than surface uplifts. Further studies indicated that the precipitation of glaciations originated from the ISM northward intrusion during the late MIS 5, MIS 3, and Holocene; however, it was mainly influenced by the westerlies during the Last Glaciation and Deglaciation. Therefore, the development of alluvial fans on the NETP represents coupling signals of the ISM and the westerlies on the interglacial–glacial cycle timescales. The coupling evolution of glacier activities and alluvial aggradations in the drainage basins of mountain-basin systems on the NETP provides a model for assessing the linkages between regional geomorphic processes and atmospheric circulations on hemispheric scales.
Numerical Simulation of Supraglacial Debris Mobility: Implications for Ablation and Landform Genesis
Authors: Moore Peter L.
Published: July 2021

Supraglacial debris does not remain fixed atop ablating ice, but can move across the ice surface as supraglacial topography evolves. This active debris movement (distinct from passive movement due to underlying ice motion) affects landform genesis as well as the rate and spatial distribution of ablation. While observations of debris transport across evolving supraglacial topography are abundant, models of these coupled processes over timescales of decades and longer are few. Here I adapt a numerical model of coupled ablation and downslope debris transport to simulate the evolution of an idealized debris-covered glacier on the timescale of complete de-icing. The model includes ablation that depends on supraglacial debris thickness and a hillslope-scale debris transport function that scales non-linearly with slope angle. Ice thickness and debris distribution evolve with model time, allowing complete simulation of de-icing and landform construction in an idealized glacier test-section. The model produces supraglacial relief that leads to topographic inversions consistent with conceptual models of hummocky landform genesis. Model results indicate that the relief of the glacier surface and postglacial hummocks depend on the relationship between characteristic timescales for ablation and debris transport, which is defined as an index of debris mobility. When debris mobility is high, topographic inversions are rapid and supraglacial and postglacial relief are subdued. When debris mobility is low, more pronounced supraglacial relief is produced, but postglacial relief remains subdued. An intermediate mobility appears to optimize both postglacial relief and the rate of de-icingcompared with both highly-mobile and immobile debris. This enhancement of de-icing due to debris mobility could contribute to the observed anomalous rates of ablation in some debris-covered glaciers.
Formative Assessment Practices in Special School Classrooms With the Support of E-Books: A Case Study
Authors: Yan Zi , Xiao Yangyu , Sin Kuen-Fung , Yang Lan , Guo Wu-Yuan
Published: July 2021

While formative assessment is recognised as a powerful strategy to improve student learning in mainstream education, less is known about its use in special schools. This study investigates how teachers’ Personal Practice Assessment Theories (PPATs) affect their formative assessment practices in the special school context with the support of e-books. A case study was conducted with three Chinese teachers working with lower primary students who exhibit mild levels of intellectual disability. Data were collected through classroom observations and interviews. The findings reveal that the interaction between teachers’ PPATs and the use of e-books affect teachers assessment goals, and the way they elicit, interpret and respond to assessment information. This study contributes to the understanding of how e-learning technology can be used to facilitate meaningful formative assessment in the special education context.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Expression and Prognostic Value of SPINT1/2 in Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Wu Qiulin , Yin Guobing , Luo Jing , Zhang Yingzi , Ai Tiantian , Tian Jiao , Jin Yudi , Lei Jinwei , Liu Shengchun
Published: July 2021

Background

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling plays a plethora of roles in tumorigenesis and progression in many cancer types. As HGF activator inhibitors, serine protease inhibitor, Kunitz types 1 and 2 (SPINT1 and SPINT2) have been reported to be differentially expressed in breast cancer, but their prognostic significance and functioning mechanism remain unclear.

Methods

In our study, multiple databases and bioinformatics tools were used to investigate SPINT1/2 expression profiles, prognostic significance, genetic alteration, methylation, and regulatory network in breast carcinoma.

Results

SPINT1/2 expression was upregulated in breast cancer, and was relatively higher in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and node positive patients. Elevated SPINT1/2 expression was significantly correlated with a poorer prognosis. Genetic alterations and SPINT1/2 hypomethylation were observed. In breast carcinoma, SPINT1/2 were reciprocally correlated and shared common co-expressed genes. Gene ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that their common co-expressed genes were primarily involved in regulating cell attachment and migration.

Conclusions

Our study identified the expression profiles, prognostic significance and potential roles of SPINT1/2 in breast carcinoma. These study results showed that the SPINT1/2 were potential prognostic biomarker for patients with breast cancer.
Optimal Locating and Sizing of BESSs in Distribution Network Based on Multi-Objective Memetic Salp Swarm Algorithm
Authors: Peng Sui , Gong Xianfu , Liu Xinmiao , Lu Xun , Ai Xiaomeng
Published: July 2021

Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) are a key technology to accommodate the uncertainties of RESs and load demand. However, BESSs at an improper location and size may result in no-reasonable investment costs and even unsafe system operation. To realize the economic and reliable operation of BESSs in the distribution network (DN), this paper establishes a multi-objective optimization model for the optimal locating and sizing of BESSs, which aims at minimizing the total investment cost of BESSs, the power loss cost of DN and the power fluctuation of the grid connection point. Firstly, a multi-objective memetic salp swarm algorithm (MMSSA) was designed to derive a set of uniformly distributed non-dominated Pareto solutions of the BESSs allocation scheme, and accumulate them in a retention called a repository. Next, the best compromised Pareto solution was objectively selected from the repository via the ideal-point decision method (IPDM), where the best trade-off among different objectives was achieved. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm was verified based on the extended IEEE 33-bus test system. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method not only effectively improves the economy of BESSs investment but also significantly reduces power loss and power fluctuation.
cDC1 Dependent Accumulation of Memory T Cells Is Required for Chronic Autoimmune Inflammation in Murine Testis
Authors: Jing Yuchao , Cao Min , Zhang Bei , Long Xuehui , Wang Xiaoming
Published: July 2021

As an immune privilege site, there are various types of immune cells in the testis. Previous research has been focused on the testicular macrophages, and much less is known about the T cells in the testis. Here, we found that T cells with memory phenotypes were the most abundant leukocyte in the testis except for macrophages. Our results showed that the proportion of testicular T cells increases gradually from birth to adulthood in mice and that the primary type of T cells changed from γδTCR+ T cells to αβTCR+ T cells. In addition, under homeostatic conditions, CD8+ T cells are the dominant subgroup and have different phenotypic characteristics from CD4+ T cells. We found that cDC1, but not cDC2, is necessary for the presence of T cells in the testis under physiological state. A significant decrease of T cells does not have a deleterious effect on the development of the testis or spermatogenesis. However, cDC1-dependent T cells play an indispensable role in chronic autoimmune orchitis of the testis. Collectively, our multifaceted data provide a comprehensive picture of the accumulation, localization, and function of testicular T cells.
Proteomics in Liver Transplantation: A Systematic Review
Authors: López-López Victor , Pérez-Sánz Fernando , de Torre-Minguela Carlos , Marco-Abenza Josefa , Robles-Campos Ricardo , Sánchez-Bueno Francisco , Pons José A. , Ramírez Pablo , Baroja-Mazo Alberto
Published: July 2021

Background

Although proteomics has been employed in the study of several models of liver injury, proteomic methods have only recently been applied not only to biomarker discovery and validation but also to improve understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in transplantation.

Methods

The study was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology and the guidelines for performing systematic literature reviews in bioinformatics (BiSLR). The PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases were searched for publications through April 2020. Proteomics studies designed to understand liver transplant outcomes, including ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), rejection, or operational tolerance in human or rat samples that applied methodologies for differential expression analysis were considered.

Results

The analysis included 22 studies after application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among the 497 proteins annotated, 68 were shared between species and 10 were shared between sample sources. Among the types of studies analyzed, IRI and rejection shared a higher number of proteins. The most enriched pathway for liver biopsy samples, IRI, and rejection was metabolism, compared to cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions for tolerance.

Conclusions

Proteomics is a promising technique to detect large numbers of proteins. However, our study shows that several technical issues such as the identification of proteoforms or the dynamic range of protein concentration in clinical samples hinder the successful identification of biomarkers in liver transplantation. In addition, there is a need to minimize the experimental variability between studies, increase the sample size and remove high-abundance plasma proteins.
IL2RA Methylation and Gene Expression in Relation to the Multiple Sclerosis-Associated Gene Variant rs2104286 and Soluble IL-2Rα in CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Buhelt Sophie , Laigaard Hannah-Marie , von Essen Marina Rode , Ullum Henrik , Oturai Annette , Sellebjerg Finn , Søndergaard Helle Bach
Published: July 2021

CD8+ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). The interleukin-2 receptor α (IL-2Rα) is important for CD8+ T cell function, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL2RA gene encoding IL-2Rα increase the risk of MS. Therefore, in isolated CD8+ T cells we investigated IL2RA gene methylation and gene expression in relation to the MS-associated IL2RA SNP rs2104286 and soluble IL-2Rα (sIL-2Rα). We have identified allele specific methylation of the CpG-site located in intron 1 that is perturbed by the rs2104286 SNP in CD8+ T cells from genotype-selected healthy subjects (HS). However, methylation of selected CpG-sites in the promotor or 5’UTR region of the IL2RA gene was neither associated with the rs2104286 SNP nor significantly correlated with IL2RA gene expression in HS. In CD8+ T cells from HS, we explored expression of immune relevant genes but observed only few associations with the rs2104286 SNP. However, we found that sIL-2Rα correlated negatively with expression of 55 immune relevant genes, including the IL-7 receptor gene, with Spearman’s rho between -0.49 and -0.32. Additionally, in HS by use of flow cytometry we observed that the IL-7 receptor on naïve CD8+ T cells correlated negatively with sIL-2Rα and was downregulated in carriers of the rs2104286 MS-associated risk genotype. Collectively, our study of resting CD8+ T cells indicates that the rs2104286 SNP has a minor effect and sIL-2Rα may negatively regulate the CD8+ T cell response.
BCR Affinity Influences T-B Interactions and B Cell Development in Secondary Lymphoid Organs
Authors: Wishnie Alec J. , Chwat-Edelstein Tzippora , Attaway Mary , Vuong Bao Q.
Published: July 2021

B cells produce high-affinity immunoglobulins (Igs), or antibodies, to eliminate foreign pathogens. Mature, naïve B cells expressing an antigen-specific cell surface Ig, or B cell receptor (BCR), are directed toward either an extrafollicular (EF) or germinal center (GC) response upon antigen binding. B cell interactions with CD4+pre-T follicular helper (pre-Tfh) cells at the T-B border and effector Tfh cells in the B cell follicle and GC control B cell development in response to antigen. Here, we review recent studies demonstrating the role of B cell receptor (BCR) affinity in modulating T-B interactions and the subsequent differentiation of B cells in the EF and GC response. Overall, these studies demonstrate that B cells expressing high affinity BCRs preferentially differentiate into antibody secreting cells (ASCs) while those expressing low affinity BCRs undergo further affinity maturation or differentiate into memory B cells (MBCs).
Immediate Pre-Partum SARS-CoV-2 Status and Immune Profiling of Breastmilk: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Sánchez García Laura , Gómez-Torres Natalia , Cabañas Fernando , González-Sánchez Raquel , López-Azorín Manuela , Moral-Pumarega M. Teresa , Escuder-Vieco Diana , Cabañes-Alonso Esther , Castro Irma , Alba Claudio , Rodríguez Gómez Juan Miguel , Pellicer Adelina
Published: July 2021

Objetive

To address the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and the evolutionary profile of immune compounds in breastmilk of positive mothers according to time and disease state.

Methods

Forty-five women with term pregnancies with confirmed non-severe SARS-CoV-2 infection (case group), and 96 SARS-CoV-2 negative women in identical conditions (control group) were approached, using consecutive sample. Weekly (1st to 5th week postpartum) reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in nasopharyngeal swabs (cases) and breastmilk (cases and controls) were obtained. Concentration of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in breastmilk (cases and controls) were determined at 1st and 5th week post-partum.

Results

Thirty-seven (study group) and 45 (control group) women were enrolled. Symptomatic infection occurred in 56.8% of women in the study group (48% fever, 48% anosmia, 43% cough). SARS-CoV-2 RNA was not found in breastmilk samples. Concentrations of cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-1ra, IL-4, IL-6, IL-9, IL-13, and TNF-α) chemokines (eotaxin, IP-10, MIP-1α, and RANTES) and growth factors (FGF, GM-CSF, IL7, and PDGF-BB) were higher in breastmilk of the study compared with the control group at 1st week postpartum. Immune compounds concentrations decreased on time, particularly in the control group milk samples. Time of nasopharyngeal swab to become negative influenced the immune compound concentration pattern. Severity of disease (symptomatic or asymptomatic infection) did not affect the immunological profile in breast milk.

Conclusions

This study confirms no viral RNA and a distinct immunological profile in breastmilk according to mother’s SARS-CoV-2 status. Additional studies should address whether these findings indicate efficient reaction against SARS-CoV-2 infection, which might be suitable to protect the recipient child.
Length-Weight Relationship of 60 Fish Species From the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, Egypt (GFCM-GSA 26)
Authors: Mehanna Sahar F. , Farouk Alam Eldeen
Published: July 2021

Length-weight relationships (LWRs) are described for 60 important pelagic and demersal fish species caught during fishing surveys using trawl fishing gear in the Eastern Mediterranean, Egypt (General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean GFCM-GSA 26), and the data collected from the commercial catch during the period from July 2017 to December 2018. Linear regression using natural logarithmic transformation data was performed to calculate the a and b coefficients of LWR for 60 fish populations covering 23 families, 43 genera, and 60 species inhabiting GSA 26. The samples size, minimum and maximum lengths and weights with their mean and SD, LWR constants, ± 95% confidence interval (CI) of b, r2, and the type of growth were calculated and summarized. This study reports the first LWR estimates for 35 species in the Egyptian waters of the Mediterranean Sea.
Analysis of the Mechanical Properties and Parameter Sensitivity of a U-Shaped Steel Damper
Authors: Gao Jinhe , Xi Jiahuan , Xu Yuwen , Ding Jiajun , Zhu Junwen , Chang Yi , Chen Baokui
Published: July 2021

To clarify the mechanical properties of the U-shaped steel damper under tension and compression along the opening direction and the energy dissipation mechanism in the energy dissipation system, a mechanical model was established to describe the plastic failure response of the damper, and the formula for theoretical calculation of its mechanical properties was derived. Using the straight line segment length, radius of circular arc, and opening direction as parameters for testing four specimens, through the design of reasonable pulling and pressing fixture, four specimens were tested for tension and compression. The initial stiffness and yield load test results and theoretical analysis were good and verified that the opening direction of the U-shaped steel damper affected its mechanical performance. Further analysis of the U-shaped steel damper’s mechanical properties using numerical finite element analysis of the arc radius and the straight line segment length, width and thickness in relation to the initial stiffness shows that increasing the straight section length and end arc radius can reduce initial stiffness, and increase the thickness and width can increase initial stiffness.
Microbial Composition in the Duodenum and Ileum of Yellow Broilers With High and Low Feed Efficiency
Authors: Lv Huijiao , Huang Yun , Wang Tao , Zhai Shangkun , Hou Zhuocheng , Chen Sirui
Published: July 2021

The composition of the gut microbiome plays important roles in digestion, nutrient absorption, and health. Here, we analyzed the microbial composition in the duodenum and ileum of yellow broilers. Chickens were grouped based on feed efficiency (high feed efficiency [HFE] and low feed efficiency [LFE] groups; n = 22 each). Microbial samples from the duodenum and ileum were collected, and 16S rRNA sequencing of the V3–V4 region was performed. The dominant bacteria in the duodenum were from the phyla Firmicutes and Cyanobacteria and the genera Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, and Ruminococcus. In the ileum, the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria and the genera Lactobacillus, SMB53 and Enterococcus were predominant. Alpha diversity analysis showed that the microbiota diversity was significantly higher in the duodenum than in the ileum. The structure of the ileal microbiota was similar between groups, and the species richness of the microbiota in the HFE group was significantly higher than that in the LFE group. In the HFE and LFE groups, Firmicutes and Cyanobacteria were negatively correlated, and Lactobacillus had medium to high negative correlations with most other genera. Functional prediction analysis showed that the gluconeogenesis I pathway was the most abundant differential metabolic pathway and was significantly altered in the LFE group. Moreover, although the microbial community structures were similar in the duodenum and ileum, the diversity of the microbial community was significantly higher in the duodenum than in the ileum. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the phylum Chloroflexi and genera Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Neisseria were with coefficients <−0.3 or >0.3. In the ileum, Ruminococcus may be associated with HFE whereas Faecalibacterium may be associated with LFE. These findings may provide valuable foundations for future research on composition and diversity of intestinal microbes and provide insights into the roles of intestinal microbes in improving feed efficiency and the industrial economic benefits of yellow broilers.
Infectious Clones of Tomato Chlorosis Virus: Toward Increasing Efficiency by Introducing the Hepatitis Delta Virus Ribozyme
Authors: Navas-Hermosilla Elisa , Fiallo-Olivé Elvira , Navas-Castillo Jesús
Published: July 2021

Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) is an emergent plant pathogen that causes a yellow leaf disorder in tomato and other solanaceous crops. ToCV is a positive-sense, single stranded (ss)RNA bipartite virus with long and flexuous virions belonging to the genus Crininivirus (family Closteroviridae). ToCV is phloem-limited, transmissible by whiteflies, and causes symptoms of interveinal chlorosis, bronzing, and necrosis in the lower leaves of tomato accompanied by a decline in vigor and reduction in fruit yield. The availability of infectious virus clones is a valuable tool for reverse genetic studies that has been long been hampered in the case of closterovirids due to their genome size and complexity. Here, attempts were made to improve the infectivity of the available agroinfectious cDNA ToCV clones (isolate AT80/99-IC from Spain) by adding the hepatitis delta virus (HDV) ribozyme fused to the 3′ end of both genome components, RNA1 and RNA2. The inclusion of the ribozyme generated a viral progeny with RNA1 3′ ends more similar to that present in the clone used for agroinoculation. Nevertheless, the obtained clones were not able to infect tomato plants by direct agroinoculation, like the original clones. However, the infectivity of the clones carrying the HDV ribozyme in Nicotiana benthamiana plants increased, on average, by two-fold compared with the previously available clones.