bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Prone and Supine Positioning on Computed Tomography Urography Examination
Authors: Karavaş Erdal , Gürel Safiye , Kıyan Aysu , Halicioğlu Sıddıka , Dağistan Emine
Published: July 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of performing computed tomography (CT) urogram in the prone position in terms of diagnosis. Methods: CT urograms of 208 patients imaged randomly in the prone and supine positions were included in this study. A total of 199 patients and 370 collecting systems were examined in total. Axial raw data and reconstructed coronal thin and thick MIP images with a slice thickness of 5 mm were evaluated by 2 independent radiologists blinded to the initial diagnosis. Renal collecting system, ureters, and bladder were included in radiological evaluation. Anatomically, the renal collecting system was separated into 7 regions. Filling and dilatation of collecting systems were evaluated via images at urogram phase by scoring. Results: Filling in lower pole infundibulum (p = 0.006), distal ureter (p = 0.006); and highly dilated lower pole calyx (p = 0.020), pelvis (p = 0.006), and bladder (p < 0.001) were determined to be better in images in the prone position compared to the supine position. There were no statistical differences in other regions. Conclusion: Better contrast material filling is achieved in dilated or non-dilated lower pole collecting system, dilated renal pelvis, non-dilated distal ureter of kidney, and in the bladder only by imaging the urogram phase in the prone position compared to the supine position. Additionally, presence of dilatation is a factor that could adversely affect filling. Studies in the future may investigate the contribution of prone positioning to CT urogram with larger series comparing it with other methods and modalities.
Implementation of a Regional Network for ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) Care and 30‐Day Mortality in a Low‐ to Middle‐Income City in Brazil: Findings From Salvador's STEMI Registry (RESISST)
Authors: Filgueiras Filho Nivaldo Menezes , Feitosa Filho Gilson Soares , Solla Davi Jorge Fontoura , Argôlo Felipe Coelho , Guimarães Patrícia Oliveira , Paiva Filho Ivan de Mattos , Carvalho Larissa Gordilho Mutti , Teixeira Larissa Silva , Rios Marcos Nogueira de Oliveira , Câmara Sergio Figueiredo , Novais Victor Oliveira , Barbosa Leonardo de Souza , Ballalai Constance Silva , De Lúcia Carolina Vitoria , Granger Christopher B. , Newby L. Kristin , Lopes Renato D.
Published: July 2018

Background

Few data exist on regional systems of care for the treatment of
ST
‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction (
STEMI
) in developing countries. Our objective was to describe temporal trends in 30‐day mortality and identify predictors of mortality among
STEMI
patients enrolled in a prospective registry in Brazil.

Methods and Results

From January 2011 to June 2013, 520 patients who received initial
STEMI
care at 23 nonspecialized public health units or hospitals, some of whom were transferred to a public cardiology referral center, were identified through a regional
STEMI
network supported by telemedicine and the local prehospital emergency medical service. We stratified patients into five 6‐month periods based on presentation date. Mean age (±
SD
) of patients was 62.0 (±12.2) years, and 55.6% were men. The mean Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (
GRACE
) score was 145 (±34). Overall mortality at 30 days was 15.0%. Use of dual antiplatelet therapy and statins increased significantly from baseline (January 2011) to period 5 (June 2013): 61.8% to 93.6% (
P
<0.001) and 60.4% to 79.7% (
P
<0.001), respectively. Rates of primary reperfusion also increased (29.1%–53.8%;
P
<0.001), and more patients were transferred to the referral center (44.7%–76.3%;
P
=0.001). Thirty‐day mortality rates decreased from 19.8% to 5.1% (
P
<0.001). In multivariable analysis, factors independently associated with 30‐day mortality were higher
GRACE
score, history of previous stroke, lack of transfer to the referral center, and lack of use of optimized medical therapy.

Conclusions

Implementation of a regional
STEMI
system was associated with lower mortality and higher use of evidence‐based therapies.
Grand Sumo Tournaments and Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrests in Tokyo
Authors: Hagihara Akihito , Onozuka Daisuke , Hasegawa Manabu , Miyazaki Shogo , Nagata Takashi
Published: July 2018

Background

Sumo wrestling is a demanding sport. Although watching sumo wrestling may have cardiovascular effects, no studies of this relationship have been performed. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the association between sumo wrestling tournaments and the rate of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests.

Methods and Results

We counted the daily number of patients aged 18 to 110 years who had an out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest of presumed‐cardiac origin in the Tokyo metropolis between 2005 and 2014. A Poisson regression was used to model out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests of presumed‐cardiac origin per day. Exposure days were the days on which a sumo tournament was held and broadcast, whereas control days were all other days. Events that occurred on exposure days were compared with those that occurred on control days. Risk ratios for out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests on Grand Sumo tournaments days compared with control days were estimated. In total, 71 882 out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests met the inclusion criteria. We recorded a 9% increase in the occurrence of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests on the day of a sumo tournament compared with control days. In patients aged 75 to 110 years, we found a 13% increase in the occurrence of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests on the day of a sumo tournament compared with control days.

Conclusions

We found a significant increase in the occurrence of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests on the days of sumo tournaments compared with control days in the Tokyo metropolis between 2005 and 2014. Further studies are needed to verify these initial findings on sumo tournaments and cardiovascular events.
Diagnostic Performance of In‐Procedure Angiography‐Derived Quantitative Flow Reserve Compared to Pressure‐Derived Fractional Flow Reserve: The FAVOR II Europe‐Japan Study
Authors: Westra Jelmer , Andersen Birgitte Krogsgaard , Campo Gianluca , Matsuo Hitoshi , Koltowski Lukasz , Eftekhari Ashkan , Liu Tommy , Di Serafino Luigi , Di Girolamo Domenico , Escaned Javier , Nef Holger , Naber Christoph , Barbierato Marco , Tu Shengxian , Neghabat Omeed , Madsen Morten , Tebaldi Matteo , Tanigaki Toru , Kochman Janusz , Somi Samer , Esposito Giovanni , Mercone Giuseppe , Mejia‐Renteria Hernan , Ronco Federico , Bøtker Hans Erik , Wijns William , Christiansen Evald Høj , Holm Niels Ramsing
Published: July 2018

Background

Quantitative flow ratio (
QFR
) is a novel modality for physiological lesion assessment based on 3‐dimensional vessel reconstructions and contrast flow velocity estimates. We evaluated the value of online
QFR
during routine invasive coronary angiography for procedural feasibility, diagnostic performance, and agreement with pressure‐wire–derived fractional flow reserve (
FFR
) as a gold standard in an international multicenter study.

Methods and Results

FAVOR II
E‐J (Functional Assessment by Various Flow Reconstructions II Europe‐Japan) was a prospective, observational, investigator‐initiated study. Patients with stable angina pectoris were enrolled in 11 international centers.
FFR
and online
QFR
computation were performed in all eligible lesions. An independent core lab performed 2‐dimensional quantitative coronary angiography (2D‐
QCA
) analysis of all lesions assessed with
QFR
and
FFR
. The primary comparison was sensitivity and specificity of
QFR
compared with 2D‐
QCA
using
FFR
as a reference standard. A total of 329 patients were enrolled. Paired assessment of
FFR
,
QFR,
and 2D‐
QCA
was available for 317 lesions. Mean
FFR
,
QFR,
and percent diameter stenosis were 0.83±0.09, 0.82±10, and 45±10%, respectively.
FFR
was ≤0.80 in 104 (33%) lesions. Sensitivity and specificity by
QFR
was significantly higher than by 2D‐
QCA
(sensitivity, 86.5% (78.4–92.4) versus 44.2% (34.5–54.3);
P
<0.001; specificity, 86.9% (81.6–91.1) versus 76.5% (70.3–82.0);
P
=0.002). Area under the receiver curve was significantly higher for
QFR
compared with 2D‐
QCA
(
area under the receiver curve,
0.92 [0.89–0.96] versus 0.64 [0.57–0.70];
P
<0.001). Median time to
QFR
was significantly lower than median time to
FFR
(time to
QFR,
5.0 minutes [
interquartile range
, –6.1] versus time to
FFR,
7.0 minutes [
interquartile range,
5.0–10.0];
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

Online computation of
QFR
in the catheterization laboratory is clinically feasible and is superior to angiographic assessment for evaluation of intermediary coronary artery stenosis using
FFR
as a reference standard.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
02959814.
Corrections to and comments on the publication dealing with the type specimens of Buprestidae (Coleoptera) deposited in NFIC, Dehradun, India
Authors: BÍLÝ SVATOPLUK
Published: July 2018

Corrections of the data given in the calalogue of types of the family Buprestidae deposited in the National Forest Insect Collection, Dehradun, India. Erroneously recorded nomina nuda, wrong status of type specimens, type depositions, authorships.
Tadpole of Microhyla picta Shenkel (Anura: Microhylidae), an endemic narrow-mouthed frog from Vietnam
Authors: VASSILIEVA ANNA B. , TROUNOV VITALY L.
Published: July 2018

The Painted Rice Frog, Microhyla picta Schenkel, is one of the least studied species among narrow-mouthed frogs of the genus Microhyla. To date it is known only from Vietnam, where it is distributed mostly in eastern coastal areas in central and southern parts of the country (Nguyen et al. 2009; Nguyen & Hoang 2013). The species was also found in Con Dao archipelago (Poyarkov & Vassilieva 2011). No data are available on the ecology and reproductive biology of the species, and its larval morphology is also not described. Microhyla frogs are widespread and numerous in terrestrial ecosystems and microhylid tadpoles are known to play an important role in the aquatic communities of temporary waterbodies of monsoon ecosystems in Southeast Asia (Heyer 1973; Vassilieva et al. 2017). The ability to identify microhylid tadpoles in the field is pertinent for biodiversity and ecological studies. We provide a description of larvae of M. picta from various areas in southern Vietnam.
Personal computer-based visible spectrophotometer design
Authors: Böcekçi Veysel Gökhan , Özyetgin Osman , Toker Kenan , Korkmaz Hayriye
Published: July 2018

Background

It is possible to see a number of spectrophotometers produced by commercial purposes developed in line with the technical advices identified by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) in universities’ chemistry labs. These devices are employed in measuring and testing materials with unidentified characteristics as well as reporting the results. However, these systems are not modular in design and do not allow updates or modifications. Moreover, when the literature is reviewed, it can be seen that the researches on computer-controlled devices is limited. It is also reported that the devices with user interfaces bring advantages to researchers in terms of time efficiency and safety.

Methods

In this study, a computer-controlled, modular and low-cost spectrophotometer is designed to measure material densities contained within liquid samples. The proposed system is composed of a main unit, a data acquisition unit and a user interface. All tasks and relevant arrangements involved in a spectrophotometer application are controlled through an interface developed on LabVIEW graphical development platform; the results of the measurements can be monitored in real time, and it is also possible to store data. Thanks to the modular design, it became possible to change and update the relevant stage as needed. The waveform filter can be selected specifically as visible range, ultraviolet range or both depending on the application.

Results

The experiment was conducted in the visible range and a waveform filter between 400 and 700 nm was used. In the experiments, an easily accessible materials–methylene blue and copper sulfate solutions–were preferred as samples. For these solutions, the waveforms that give the best absorption values were identified and the density was measured at those values. Furthermore, the nonlinearity and repeatability characteristics of the proposed spectrophotometer were analyzed. For this purpose, measured values were compared with the acquired values from another commercial instrument that is already used in medical field. Measurements were repeated 50 times for copper sulfate and 43 times for methylene blue solutions.

Conclusions

After statistical analysis, it was observed that the reliability of the proposed system is high.
The Socio-Economic Impact of Microfinance on the Poor Family: A Study from Bangladesh
Authors: Hassan S. M. Monirul , Islam Md Maidul
Published: July 2018

Microfinance is considered to be the panacea for eradicating poverty from third-world society and this claim by non-government organizations (NGOs) is not unfounded. Evidence from Bangladesh reveals a partial success with respect to this viewpoint. Bangladesh is a poverty-ridden country; however, poor people in rural Bangladesh have shown significant material gains with regard to their lifestyles and it is no longer the case that they only have the bare minimum of food. Despite this significant improvement, it is still confusing as to whether these people have managed to cross the poverty line or not. Data show that poor people never stop borrowing money from the NGOs. The cycle of taking and retaking has made them dependent rather than independent agents in their society. With this viewpoint under consideration, this article seeks to explain the chronological sequence of events involved in taking credit. The ontological position of this study is interpretative in nature and such a position has allowed us to employ both observation and case studies as methodological tools for analysing our area of interest. Finally, this article argues that in order to understand the role of microfinance in Bangladeshi society, rethinking is required.
Representations of Hope, Goals, and Meaning From Lay Person’s Perspectives in Two African Contexts
Authors: Wilson Angelina , Wissing Marié P. , Ndima Lungelwa , Somhlaba Nceba Z.
Published: July 2018

In the rapidly expanding field of positive psychology, a core question is now what the relationships among various positive constructs are and how we can understand this in various contexts. We aimed to explore the possible nomological network linking the constructs hope, goals, and meaning from a bottom-up Africentric perspective in two African contexts (Ghana and South Africa) among samples of 18 emerging adults between the ages of 18 and 25 years in each context. Connotations of hope, goals, and meaning as experienced by participants were thematically analyzed and thereafter conceptually clustered. These clusters formed overlapping nodes indicating the nomological network among constructs. Apart from positive intrapersonal cognitive processes linking the main constructs, the fulfillment of various well-being needs, embedded-ness in horizontal and vertical relationships, intertwined understandings, and links across domains of life came to the fore as nodes linking the constructs hope, goals, and meaning in the current sample. Our findings further illustrated that African-centered perspectives on the interconnectedness of things through spirituality and relationships endorse positive psychology views that emphasize relational dimensions as crucial aspects of cognitive well-being.
Choosing and Altering Repertoire for the Small Band
Authors: Dziuk Stacy
Published: July 2018

Selecting excellent literature for a small or unbalanced band can be challenging, especially if the ensemble is ready to perform literature beyond Grade 2.5. This article describes a process for choosing high-quality repertoire for the small band, focusing on high school/college groups. Also examined is how to analyze and alter pieces to fit the needs and instrumentation of an ensemble without sacrificing technical or musical demands or the composer’s intent. By considering pieces through this lens and understanding basic reorchestration ideas, the instrumental music educator can work with a wealth of available wind band literature.
Musicians as Movers: Applying the Feldenkrais Method to Music Education
Authors: Lee Catherine
Published: July 2018

Musicians’ ability to refine their physical movements directly affects their ability to communicate musically with an audience. A focus on the body is thus an important element of music instruction. The Feldenkrais Method (FM) is a method of somatic education that focuses on teaching the body to move in new ways and with greater efficiency and enjoyment. This article discusses how applying the principles of FM to musical instruction can build students’ physical and mental capacity to express themselves in music.
Attachment Avoidance and Anxiety in Adolescence: Turkish Adaptation of the Experiences in Close Relationships-Relationship Structures Scale
Authors: Karataş Savaş , Demir İlkay
Published: July 2018

The aim of the present study is to test the factor structure and reliability of the Experience of Close Relationships-Relationship Structures Scale (ECR-RS) mother, father, romantic partner, close friend forms among Turkish adolescents. In order to test the structure validity of the ECR-RS, exploratory factor analysis is performed on a sample of 214 participants in Study 1, and to further investigate the structure validity, confirmatory factor analysis is performed on a second sample of 286 participants in Study 2. Within the scope of the reliability studies of the ECR-RS, internal reliability and test–retest reliability of the Turkish ECR-RS are also tested. The results of the explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha coefficients, and test–retest reliability scores supported the original two-factor structure (attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety) for all forms of the ECR-RS among Turkish adolescents.
Vertical hopper compositions for preflexive and feedback-stabilized quadrupedal bounding, pacing, pronking, and trotting
Authors: De Avik , Koditschek Daniel E.
Published: July 2018

This paper applies an extension of classical averaging methods to hybrid dynamical systems, thereby achieving formally specified, physically effective and robust instances of all virtual bipedal gaits on a quadrupedal robot. Gait specification takes the form of a three parameter family of coupling rules mathematically shown to stabilize limit cycles in a low degree of freedom template: an abstracted pair of vertical hoppers whose relative phase locking encodes the desired physical leg patterns. These coupling rules produce the desired gaits when appropriately applied to the physical robot. The formal analysis reveals a distinct set of morphological regimes determined by the distribution of the body’s inertia within which particular phase relationships are naturally locked with no need for feedback stabilization (or, if undesired, must be countermanded by the appropriate feedback), and these regimes are shown empirically to analogously govern the physical machine as well. In addition to the mathematical stability analysis and data from physical experiments we summarize a number of extensive numerical studies that explore the relationship between the simple template and its more complicated anchoring body models.
Effects of binge alcohol consumption on sleep and inflammation in healthy volunteers
Authors: Wilkinson Amanda N. , Afshar Majid , Ali Osman , Bhatti Waqas , Hasday Jeffrey D. , Netzer Giora , Verceles Avelino C.
Published: July 2018

Objective

Alcohol is a hypnotic that modifies immune function, specifically the cytokines interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin 2 (IL-2). We evaluated the association between unscheduled napping and acute alcohol-induced augmentation of IFN-γ and IL-2 expression.

Methods

In this prospective, observational pilot study, volunteers completed questionnaires on sleep quality, alcohol use, and hangover characteristics. Actigraph recordings began three nights before and continued for four nights after study initiation. Napping was recorded by actigraphy and self-reporting. A weight-based dose of 100-proof vodka was consumed, and the blood alcohol content (BAC) and phytohemagglutinin-M stimulated cytokine level were measured before and 20 minutes, 2 hours, and 5 hours after binge consumption.

Results

Ten healthy volunteers participated (mean age, 34.4 ± 2.3 years; mean body mass index, 23.9 ± 4.6 kg/m2; 60% female). The mean 20-minute BAC was 137.7 ± 40.7 mg/dL. Seven participants took an unscheduled nap. The ex vivo IFN-γ and IL-2 levels significantly increased at all time points after binge consumption in the nappers, but not in the non-nappers.

Conclusion

Augmented IFN-γ and IL-2 levels are associated with unscheduled napping after binge alcohol consumption. Further studies are needed to clarify the associations among alcohol consumption, sleep disruption, and inflammatory mediators.
One-year experience with ex vivo lung perfusion: Preliminary results from a single center
Authors: Koch Achim , Pizanis Nikolaus , Olbertz Carolin , Abou-Issa Omar , Taube Christian , Slama Alexis , Aigner Clemens , Jakob Heinz G , Kamler Markus
Published: July 2018

Objective:

To enlarge the donor pool for lung transplantation, an increasing number of extended criteria donor lungs are used. However, in more than 50% of multi-organ donors the lungs are not used. Ex vivo lung perfusion offers a unique possibility to evaluate and eventually recondition the injured donor lungs. The aim of our study was to assess the enlargement of the donor pool and the outcome with extended criteria donor lungs after ex vivo lung perfusion.

Patients and Methods:

Data were prospectively collected in our lung transplant database. We compared the results of lung transplants after ex vivo lung perfusion with those after conventional cold static preservation. In total, 11 extended criteria donor lungs processed with ex vivo lung perfusion and 41 cold static preservation lungs transplanted consecutively between May 2016 and May 2017 were evaluated. Normothermic ex vivo lung perfusion was performed according to the Toronto protocol for 4 h. Cold static preservation lungs were stored in low-potassium dextran solution.

Results:

Ex vivo lung perfusion lungs before procurement had significantly lower PaO2/FiO2 (P/F) ratios and more X-ray abnormalities. There were no statistically significant differences for pre-donation ventilation time, smoking history, or sex. After reconditioning with ex vivo lung perfusion, 9 out of 11 processed lungs were considered suitable and successfully transplanted. The mean postoperative ventilation time and in-hospital stay were not significantly different in ex vivo lung perfusion and cold static preservation recipients.

Conclusion:

Ex vivo lung perfusion can safely be used in the evaluation of lungs initially considered not suitable for transplantation. The primary outcome was not negatively affected and normothermic ex vivo lung perfusion is a useful tool to increase the usage of potentially transplantable lungs.
Evaluation of the effects of a polyglycolic acid–collagen tube in the regeneration of facial nerve defects in rats
Authors: Oatari Miwako , Uehara Miyuki , Shimizu Fumiaki
Published: July 2018

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of a polyglycolic acid–collagen tube and to investigate its possible application in the field of facial nerve reconstruction.

Methods:

Wistar rats were used in this study. In the operation, a periauricular incision was made to expose the buccal and marginal branches of the facial nerve. Gaps of 10 mm were created by resection of a part of the nerve into the marginal branches and the buccal branch of the left facial nerve. The left marginal branch gap was bridged with a 10-mm polyglycolic acid–collagen tube or an autograft. At 12 weeks after the operation, nerve regeneration was assessed based on clinical, histopathological, and electrophysiological evaluations.

Result:

The functional recovery of the vibrissal muscle was observed with the polyglycolic acid–collagen tube. However, the functional recovery obtained with the use of the polyglycolic acid–collagen tube was inferior to that obtained with an autograft.

Conclusion:

We found that polyglycolic acid–collagen tubes could be applied in facial nerve gap reconstruction. However, further improvements will be necessary to achieve results that are equivalent to those obtained with autografts.
Risk stratification with longitudinal neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio assessment after left ventricular assist device implantation
Authors: Bhat Geetha , Yost Gardner L , Ibrahim Kamel , Pappas Patroklos , Tatooles Antone
Published: July 2018

Introduction:

Inflammatory processes are well-characterized risk factors in cardiovascular disease including advanced heart failure. Previous studies have utilized individual white cell subtypes in risk analysis, and a recent study has focused on the efficacy of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in evaluating negative outcomes following left ventricular assist device implantation. To investigate the interaction between the left ventricular assist device and white cell counts, we assessed longitudinal changes in neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio following left ventricular assist device implantation.

Methods:

This retrospective study included 100 patients who underwent left ventricular assist device implantation between 2012 and 2013. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was calculated prior to left ventricular assist device implantation, daily for the first 30 postoperative days, and at the first two postoperative outpatient visits. Preoperative demographic and clinical data were collected for all patients.

Results:

The mean neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio immediately before left ventricular assist device implantation was 5.2 ± 4.9. After surgery, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio decreased asymptotically, from a peak of 29.2 on postoperative day 1 to 4.1 at the second outpatient visit ( p < 0.001). Lack of improvement in the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio at postoperative day 10 was associated with increased length of stay, right heart failure, and a trend toward worsened survival.

Conclusion:

Our results indicate a significant inflammatory response to implantation of the left ventricular assist device, a known effect. The magnitude of this response may be effectively and easily monitored over time using the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. In general, approximately 30 days is required for the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio to return to preoperative levels. After several months, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio improves to below preoperative levels. It is possible that this reduction reflects the reversal of various heart failure–mediated inflammatory processes following left ventricular assist device implantation.
The Cumulative Incidence of Self-Reported Suicide-Related Thoughts and Attempts in Young Canadians
Authors: Goodday Sarah M. , Bondy Susan , Sutradhar Rinku , Brown Hilary K. , Rhodes Anne
Published: July 2018

Objective:

To estimate the cumulative incidence of self-reported suicide-related thoughts (SRTs) and suicide attempts (SAs) in males and females from 11 to 25 years of age in Canada.

Methods:

A cohort study was conducted by linking cycles 2 to 8 from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, a representative survey of Canadians aged 11 to 25 years conducted from 1996 to 2009. The 11- to 25-year cumulative incidence of self-reported SRTs and SAs (with suicidal intent) was estimated in males and females using a novel application of a counting process approach to account for discontinuous risk intervals between survey cycles.

Results:

The risk of SRTs was 29% (95% confidence interval [CI], 26% to 31%) in females and 19% (95% CI, 16% to 23%) in males. The risk of SAs was 16% (95% CI, 14% to 19%) in females and 7% (95% CI, 6% to 8%) in males. Over 70% of SRTs and SAs first occur between 11 and 16 years of age and 30% between 11 and 13 years of age, respectively.

Conclusions:

The risk of SRTs and SAs is high in young Canadians, with most events first occurring in early to mid-adolescence and possibly earlier. Females are at a higher risk compared to males. This research underscores the need for better longitudinal surveillance of SRTs and SAs in the population. A counting process framework could be useful for future research using existing longitudinal surveys suffering from design limitations relating to gaps in respondent follow-up. Furthermore, these findings have implications for younger SRT and SA risk management by clinicians and earlier implementation of suicide prevention programs.
Fulminant hepatitis in a patient with secondary syphilis
Authors: Affonso da Costa Ana Beatriz , Fornazari Bruna , da Silva Fernanda Perin Maia , Frandoloso Gibran A , Breda Giovanni L
Published: July 2018

Despite the increasing incidence of syphilis and due to its wide variety of clinical manifestations, syphilis remains an under-diagnosed condition. We report an unusual case of secondary syphilis presenting with acute hepatitis and skin lesions, confirmed based on positive treponemal and non-treponemal assays. Despite adequate diagnosis and treatment, the patient developed fulminant hepatitis and brain death. This atypical presentation emphasizes the importance of high clinical suspicion in recognizing syphilis as an etiology for unexplained acute hepatitis, allowing early diagnosis and treatment and possibly avoiding severe complications such as fulminant hepatic failure.
Improvement by Human Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells of Neurobehavioral Disorders in an Experimental Model of Neonatal Periventricular Leukomalacia
Authors: Kim Tae-Kyun , Park Dongsun , Ban Young-Hwan , Cha Yeseul , An Eun Suk , Choi Jieun , Choi Ehn-Kyoung , Kim Yun-Bae
Published: July 2018

The effects of human oligodendrocyte progenitor (F3.olig2) cells on improving neurobehavioral deficits were investigated in an experimental model of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). Seven-day-old male rats were subjected to hypoxia-ischemia-lipopolysaccharide injection (HIL), and intracerebroventricularly transplanted with F3.olig2 (4 × 105 cells/rat) once at post-natal day (PND) 10 or repeatedly at PND10, 17, 27, and 37. Neurobehavioral disorders were evaluated at PND14, 20, 30, and 40 via cylinder test, locomotor activity, and rotarod performance, and cognitive function was evaluated at PND41–45 through passive avoidance and Morris water-maze performances. F3.olig2 cells recovered the rate of use of the forelimb contralateral to the injured brain, improved locomotor activity, and restored rotarod performance of PVL animals; in addition, marked improvement of learning and memory function was seen. It was confirmed that transplanted F3·olig2 cells migrated to injured areas, matured to oligodendrocytes expressing myelin basic protein (MBP), and markedly attenuated the loss of host MBP in the corpus callosum. The results indicate that the transplanted F3.olig2 cells restored neurobehavioral functions by preventing axonal demyelination, and that human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells could be a candidate for cell therapy of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic and infectious brain injuries including PVL and cerebral palsy.
National and Professional: Anchoring High Performance in PTCL
Authors: Nadeem Sadia , Aziz Amna
Published: July 2018

With the story line of the senior HR leadership team at Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited (PTCL) gathered to reflect on HR function’s evolution since PTCL’s privatization in 2006 to UAE telecom conglomerate Etisalat Group, this case focuses on PTCL’s journey as this corporate giant went through large-scale structural and cultural changes in an attempt to become more performance-centric. The decade long journey covers major changes, for example, a reduction in the size of workforce from 64,000 to 18,000, a move from annual confidential reviews to a balanced scorecard approach in performance management, adoption of the HR business partner model, and various leadership development initiatives.

Overall, the case presents a real-life story of evolution of the HR function from an administrative to a strategic role in a large organization. It allows for an in-depth discussion on the adoption of best practices belonging to the academic framework of high performance work practices (HPWPs), and portrays the effects of Pakistan’s distinct national culture and contextual factors on implementation of HPWPs. The case can also be used to enhance familiarity and awareness of Pakistani national culture in the international academic and business community for future research and business opportunities.
Family-Focused Services for TANF Participants Facing Acute Barriers to Work: Pathways to Implementation
Authors: Stanczyk Alex , Carnochan Sarah , Hengeveld-Bidmon Evelyn , Austin Michael J.
Published: July 2018

In 2014, California implemented the Family Stabilization (FS) program within its Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program, California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids (CalWORKs). FS fills two key service gaps in TANF that have been identified in the literature—namely, addressing participant barriers to work and supporting child well-being. Research on programs addressing these gaps in TANF remains limited. This qualitative policy implementation study describes FS program design and implementation in 11 California county human service agencies and explores links to agency and community context. We find that state-encouraged flexibility resulted in three distinct approaches to FS services, staffing, and structure. Alignment between agency context and program design emerged as central to implementation decisions. These findings yield implications for research, policy, and management practice among welfare-to-work administrators.
Predicting post treatment client satisfaction between behavioural activation for depression delivered either in-person or via home-based telehealth
Authors: Pruitt Larry D , Vuletic Simona , Smolenski Derek J , Wagner Amy , Luxton David D , Gahm Gregory A
Published: July 2018

Introduction

Treatment engagement, adherence, cancellations and other patient-centric data are important predictors of treatment outcome. But often these data are only examined retrospectively. In this investigation, we analysed data from a clinical trial focused on innovative delivery of depression treatment to identify which patients are likely to prefer either in-home or in-person treatment based on pre-treatment characteristics.

Methods

Patient satisfaction was assessed in a trial of individuals with depression treated using identical behavioural activation therapy protocols in person or through videoconferencing to the home ( N = 87 at post treatment: 42 in-person and 45 in-home participants). The Client Satisfaction Questionnaire was administered at the end of the treatment. A Tobit regression model was used to assess moderation using treatment assignment. Regression lines were generated to model treatment satisfaction as a function of treatment assignment and to identify whether and where the groups intersected. We examined the distributions of the contributing moderators to the subsets of participants above and below the intersection point to identify differences.

Results

While no significant differences in patient satisfaction were observed between the two groups, or between patients receiving treatment by different providers, baseline characteristics of the sample could be used to differentiate those with a preference for traditional, in-office care from those preferring in-home care.

Discussion

Participants who were more likely to prefer in-home care were characterized by larger proportions of veterans and lower-ranked enlisted service members. They also had more severe symptoms at baseline and less formal education. Understanding client reactions when selecting treatment modality may allow for a more satisfying patient experience.
A Very British National Security State: Formal and informal institutions in the design of UK security policy
Authors: Thomson Catarina P , Blagden David
Published: July 2018

What are the roles of government institutions in the design and implementation of effective national security policy? Using the case of post-2010 reform to Britain’s central government security policy machinery, we find that formal institutions can help the informal strategy-making institutions on their periphery to function better. Through interviews with 25 senior officials, we find that Britain’s National Security Council and quinquennial Strategic Defence and Security Reviews – both instituted in 2010 with the intention of improving UK security policymaking – remain limited as formal makers of national strategy. But the networks of individuals and ideas they support, by absolving some decision-makers of audience costs while immersing others in creative yet coherent strategy-development communities, have improved the overall quality of UK security policymaking compared to its pre-2010 condition. This finding also carries implications for other contexts and thus represents a promising avenue for future research. (Final version accepted 20 June 2018.)
Can agonism be institutionalised? Can institutions be agonised? Prospects for democratic design
Authors: Lowndes Vivien , Paxton Marie
Published: July 2018

One of the main criticisms of agonistic democracy (and of post-structuralism more generally) is that it fails to get beyond a purely negative assessment of alternative theories. The article takes up this challenge. First, it seeks to specify the core commitments of agonistic democracy, focusing on the concepts of contestation, contingency and interdependence. Second, it analyses how these commitments might be institutionalised through models of perfectionism, adversarialism and inclusivism. Third, it considers how agonistic principles can suffuse broader processes of democratic design, drawing on insights from critical institutionalism. The article argues that agonism can become more than a thought experiment or critique. An agonistic design process is possible. Such a process has five key characteristics: it is processual, collective, contextual, contestable and always provisional.
Analyzing the active audience: Reluctant, reactive, fearful, or lazy? Forms and motives of participation in mainstream journalism
Authors: Spyridou Lia-Paschalia
Published: July 2018

Participation has become a key issue in contemporary journalism studies, yet research on how the participatory space is being appropriated by users is rather limited. This article attempts a methodological contribution by offering a way to analyze participatory journalism in reference to variant participatory affordances enabling different levels of creative effort, control, and editorial permeability. To do so, it understands participation as the active involvement of users, and makes an analytical connection among technological affordances, motivations, and contextual factors. The article offers empirical evidence challenging both cyber-optimist and cyber-pessimist assumptions about participation. Drawing on insights from a web-based survey, it is argued that the ‘reluctant audience’ paradigm may be interpreted in terms of the ‘lazy audience’ and the ‘fearful audience’, which seem to coexist along with the ‘reactive audience’.
‘Durham Cathedral can be whatever you want it to be’: Examining the negotiation of space and time
Authors: Calvert Arran J.
Published: July 2018

Public spaces are also spaces of contestation, in which people vie for the space they need for the purposes they need them for, and Durham Cathedral is no different. Not only do cathedrals in the 21st century need to be places of worship, they must also be tourist attractions and support community events both religious and non religious. Beginning from a much used phrase that ‘Durham Cathedral can be whatever you want it to be’, and building on Bergson’s concept of duration, Munn’s use of space-time, and Eliade’s notion of sacred time, this article examines two ethnographic examples of the tensions of time and space that arise everyday in Durham Cathedral and how, through the actions of the community, spaces become places of enacted negotiation in which both space and time are malleable assemblages used to create manifold space-times.
Usefulness of contrast-enhanced and TOF MR angiography for follow-up after low-profile stent-assisted coil embolization of intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Akkaya Selcuk , Akca Onur , Arat Anıl , Peker Ahmet , Balci Sinan
Published: July 2018

Background

Low-profile, self-expandable stents are used to treat wide-neck aneurysms located on the smaller distal intracranial arteries. This study aimed to assess the usefulness of time-of-flight (TOF) and contrast-enhanced (CE) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) for follow-up after LEO Baby stent (LBS)-assisted coil embolization.

Methods

Twenty-four aneurysms treated with LBS-assisted coil embolization were evaluated. Researchers reviewed TOF MRA and CE MRA images in terms of occlusion and stent patency. Aneurysm occlusion was graded according to Raymond–Roy classification as follows: total occlusion (grade 1), residual neck (grade 2), and residual aneurysm (grade 3). Stent patency was scored as follows: occlusion (1), stenosis (2), and normal (3). Interobserver and intermodality agreement values were determined by weighted kappa (κ) statistics.

Results

Intermodality and interobserver values of TOF MRA and CE MRA with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were perfect (κ = 1.00, p < 0.001) in terms of aneurysm occlusion. Rate of stent occlusion and stenosis in DSA, TOF, and MRA, respectively, were as follows: 0 and 12.5%, 16.6 and 70.8%, and 0 and 62.5%. Intermodality agreement values of TOF MRA and CE MRA with DSA were insignificant in terms of stent patency (κ = 0.065, p = 0.27; κ = 0.158, p = 0.15, respectively). Interobserver agreement was substantial in both TOF MRA (κ = 0.71, p < 0.001) and CE MRA (κ = 0.64, p = 0.001).

Conclusions

Both TOF and CE MRA techniques have strong concordance with DSA for the detection of aneurysm occlusion status. CE MRA can be used as a first-line noninvasive imaging modality due to its superiority to TOF MRA with respect to the visualization of in-stent signals.
Effect of weld nugget size on failure mode and mechanical properties of microscale resistance spot welds on Ti–1Al–1Mn ultrathin foils
Authors: Chen Feng , Sun Shiding , Ma Zhenwu , Tong GQ , Huang Xiang
Published: July 2018

We use tensile–shear tests to investigate the failure modes of Ti–1Al–1Mn microscale resistance spot welds and to determine how the failure mode affects the microstructure, microhardness profile, and mechanical performance. Two different failure modes were revealed: interfacial failure mode and pullout failure mode. The welds that fail by pullout failure mode have much better mechanical properties than those that fail by interfacial failure mode. The results show that weld nugget size is also a principal factor that determines the failure mode of microscale resistance spot welds. A minimum weld nugget size exists above which all specimens fail by pullout failure mode. However, the critical weld nugget sizes calculated using the existing recommendations are not consistent with the present experimental results. We propose instead a modified model based on distortion energy theory to ensure pullout failure. Calculating the critical weld nugget size using this model provides results that are consistent with the experimental data to high accuracy.
Major Choice and the Wage Differential between Black and White Women
Authors: Letterman Margaret R. , Clifford Maryanne T. , Brown Jennifer L.
Published: July 2018

Black workers continue to earn lower salaries than white workers, even among those with comparable levels of education. Previous research has explored the impact that the choice of college major will have on this disparity in earnings. The results of this research suggest that, among men, black bachelor’s degree recipients consistently choose lower paying majors than whites. However, among women, black bachelor’s degree recipients have, in recent years, begun to choose higher paying majors than whites. This recent change in major choice among black women is expected to result in higher starting salaries for black women on average, helping to close the racial earnings gap between black and white women. This paper empirically explores the distributional difference across majors between black and white women in Connecticut and explores the psychological reasons for this shift among black women toward higher paying majors.
Weekend Admission of Intracapsular Femoral Neck Fractures Not Associated With a Greater Rate of Mortality or Morbidity
Authors: Rezaie Wahid , Roukema Gert , Van de Meulebroucke Bart
Published: July 2018

Introduction:

For a number of emergency conditions, admission over the weekend has been associated with rising morbidity and mortality rates. However, different studies have provided conflicting results regarding the increased rates of mortality and morbidity for patients with intracapsular femoral fracture who were admitted over the weekend, compared to weekdays. This study investigated the effect of weekend admissions on the surgical outcomes of patients with intracapsular femoral neck fractures.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all the patients who were admitted to our level-II trauma center with an intracapsular femoral neck fracture between January 2009 and June 2011. Admission was classified as at the weekend if it took place between 18:00 pm on Friday until midnight on Sunday or on bank holidays. We compared the mortality rates within 30 days and 6 months after surgery for weekday and weekend admissions. Secondary outcomes considered included length of hospital stay, postoperative complications, and reoperation rates. Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression models, which were adjusted for patient and surgical characteristics.

Results:

In total, 315 patients met our inclusion criteria. The mean age of this group was 77.9 years (standard deviation ±13) and the female to male ratio was 5:2. The average follow-up period was 49 months. Under logistic regression analysis, weekend admission was not a significant independent risk factor for the 30-day mortality rate (odds ratio 1.85, 95% confidence interval, 0.74-4.62; P = .19). Seventy-seven patients admitted over the weekend were treated within 24 hours versus 125 patients for the weekday group (80.2% vs 57.9%; P = .005). There were no differences between the sample groups in relation to implant-related complications (24.9% vs 25.8%, respectively, P = .89) nor in relation to general complications (12% vs 18.6%, respectively, P = .06). The mean hospital stay of patients operated on during weekends or holidays was significantly shorter compared to patients operated on during weekdays (6.7 vs 8.5 days; P = .009).

Conclusion:

Patients with intracapsular femoral neck fractures who were admitted over the weekend at our trauma center did not have a higher risk of mortality or morbidity. Furthermore, temporary preoperative care provided over the weekend by an internal medical consultant can be safe and efficient even in the circumstances where there is a lack of dedicated geriatric support. The absence of an elective operating list at the weekend could be a potential factor in shortening waiting times for surgery for intracapsular femoral neck fracture at weekends and holidays.