bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Stream Corridor Parameters on Fish Species Richness in the Clearwater River, Id, USA
Authors: Bdour Ahmed , Tarawneh Zeyad
Published: March 2019

This paper presents the results of a statistical analysis performed at the micro scale (stream corridor) level in the South Fork of the Clearwater River (SFCR) watershed, which is located in North central Idaho. Using multivariate techniques along with factor analysis, relationships between Fish Indicators and man-made disturbances, watershed landscape, water discharge and geometry, channel morphology, river water depth, and temperature were established. At the micro scale level, this analysis was performed for 4 tributaries of the SFCR, namely, Newsome, Crooked, American, and Red River, where a significant amount of recent data existed. Results show that data at the micro scale level were more important for establishing quantitative relations between sediment and channel morphology parameters with Fish Indicators than at the watershed wide level. The findings of this investigation clearly illustrates that micro scale analyses should be considered in modeling habitat restoration techniques. It allows the development of more refined relationships between Fish Indicators and stream corridor parameters occurring at different life stages of fish populations
Weighted Reproducing Kernel Property on Banach Spaces
Authors: Hashemi Sababe Saeed
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we study the weighted reproducing kernels. We introduce a generalization of weighted reproducing property and extend it to relative reproducing property on Banach spaces. This generalization will develop the parallel computing and it can be used as a base of parallel learning for machines especially in the case that there are non-homogenous weighted hypothesis. This methods formulate learning and estimation problems in a relative reproducing kernel Banach space (RRKBS) of functions defined on the data domain, expanded in terms of a kernel.
Impact of Foreign Direct Investment Inflows on Economic Growth; the Case of the Republic of Seychelles
Authors: Kong Yusheng , Agyapong Atuahene Sampson , Bentum-Mican Geoffrey , Konadu Aboagye Abigail
Published: March 2019

This paper aims to research whether there is link between FDI inflows and Economic growth in the Republic of Seychelles Island. The ordinary least square results obtained shows that in the impact of FDI inflows on economic growth is low. Small Island Developing States attracts less FDI inflow because they are limited to few resources that attracts overseas firms which results in retarded development. The research lighted that impact of foreign direct investment on host countries does not only depend on the quality and quantity of the FDI inflows but some other variables such as the internal policies and the management skills, market structures, economic trends among others.
Ecofriendly Approach to Adsorption of Congo Red from Aqueous Media Using Chaff Powder from Jatropha curcas Seed (Isotherm and Kinetic Model)
Authors: Yahaya pudza Musa , Abidin Zurina Z.
Published: March 2019

The Batch process of Adsorption were conducted using Congo red (CR) as the adsorbate and Jatropha curcas seed (chaff) as the adsorbent material. Adsorption kinetics and isotherms analysis were conducted and results obtained confirmed the adsorption process as highly dependent on effects such as; contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration and the particle sizes of adsorbate. However, the sorption equilibrium for Congo red dye unto jatropha curcas seed (chaff) was reached within 180 minutes, more so, the Adsorption efficiency was recorded at 82.05%. The process of the experimental sorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model while Freundlich isotherm model was best applicable for obtaining the equilibrium of the parameters. These is an effective confirmation and validation of jatropha curcas seed (chaff) application as environmentally friendly and low-cost biomaterial for dye removal from aqueous solutions and industrial effluents.
Enhancing Access and Use of Climate Information through ICTs
Authors: Yohannis Michaelina , Waema Timothy , Wausi Agnes , Hutchinson Margaret
Published: March 2019

Although the role of ICTs in improving human life in Kenya is acknowledged widely, the focus of much of ICT-related developments has been on human experiences at the level of disease and needs for communication and mobility. Less obvious is how such technological interventions may be used to address seemingly abstract yet grave concerns like climate change and its impact on the quality of human life. This review paper, therefore, shall investigate the different situations where ICTs may be deployed in relaying packaged and relevant localized climate information that can help rural farmers in Kitui County, Kenya to make pertinent and timely decisions to improve their productivity and, ultimately, their livelihoods. We hypothesize that rural communities' use ICT tools such as the mobile phones and the community radios to access localized climate information (weather, seasonal forecasts, and agro-advisories) and that livelihood assets and livelihood strategies positively change with the increasing availability and use of the ICT-based climate information. The idea of the paper presented is to merge theoretical and applied research outcomes to narrow the gap between the theory of ICTs usage and the practice of it, while linking it to climate information and enhanced rural livelihood strategies. The review of this paper shall be captured in social-scientific terms, and shall contribute to knowledge by helping researchers and policymakers to determine climate information needs of rural ASAL communities, knowledge on innovations related to ICTs, among others.
Vision status of children aged 7 - 15 years referred from school vision screening in Norway during 2003 - 2013: a retrospective study
Authors: Falkenberg Helle K , Langaas Trine , Svarverud Ellen
Published: March 2019

Background: Undetected vision problems are an important cause of reduced academic achievement, performance in everyday life and self-esteem. This receives little attention in national health care services even though most of these vision problems are easily correctable. Data on how many schoolchildren are affected are limited. This study aims to increase the knowledge of vision status in primary and secondary school children by retrospectively describing the vision status of children referred from vision screening during the ten year period 2003 – 2013.
Methods: Of 1126 (15 %) children referred to the university eye clinic, all 782 who attended were included. Patient records were reviewed with regards to symptoms, refractive error, best corrected logMAR visual acuity (BCVA), binocular vision, ocular health and management outcomes.
Results: Previously undetected vision problems were confirmed in 650 (83 %) of the children. The most frequent outcomes were glasses (346) or follow up (209), but types of treatment modalities varied with age. Mean refractive errors were hyperopic for all age groups, but reduced with age (ANOVA, p < .001). Refractive errors did not change across the decade (linear regression, all p > .05). Mean BCVAs were better than 0.0 and improved with age (ANOVA, p < .001). The most prevalent symptoms were headaches (171), near vision problems (149), and reduced distance vision (107).
Conclusions: The vision screening identified children with previously undetected visual problems. There was no change in refractive errors for either age group over the decade. Importantly, most of the problems were solved with glasses. Types of visual problems varied with age, which stresses the importance of regular eye examinations, and raised awareness among parents and teaching staff.
The effect of various dilute administration of rocuronium blomide on both vascular pain and pharmacologic onset: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kanazawa Mayuko , Sato(Boku) Aiji , Okumura Yoko , Hashimoto Mayumi , Tachi Naoko , Adachi Yushi , Okuda Masahiro
Published: March 2019

Background Rocuronium bromide (RB) is known to cause vascular pain. Although there have been a few reports that diluted administration causes less vascular pain, there have been no studies investigating diluted administration and the onset time of muscle relaxation. Therefore, we examined the influence of diluted administration of RB on the onset time of muscle relaxation and vascular pain. Methods 51 patients were randomly assigned to three groups: RB stock solution 10 mg/ml (Group 1), two-fold dilution 5 mg/ml (Group 2), or three-fold dilution 3.3 mg/ml (Group 3). After the largest vein of the forearm was secured, anesthesia was induced by propofol and 0.6 mg/kg of RB was administered. The evaluation method devised by Shevchenko et al. was used to evaluate the degree of vascular pain. The time from RB administration until the maximum blocking of T1 by TOF stimulation was measured. Results There was no significant difference in escape behaviors of vascular pain among the three groups, and the onset time of muscle relaxation was significantly slower in Group 3 than in Group 1 (p=0.033). Conclusion Our results suggested that it is unnecessary to dilute RB before administration if a large vein in the forearm is used. Trial Registration UMINCTR Registration number UMIN000026737 Registered 28 Mar 2017
Anesthetics to Prevent Lung Injury in Cardiac Surgery (APLICS): A protocol for a randomized, controlled trial
Authors: O'Gara Brian , Subramaniam Balachundhar , Shaefi Shahzad , Mueller Ariel , Banner-Goodspeed Valerie , Talmor Daniel
Published: March 2019

Background Patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass are at an increased risk of developing postoperative pulmonary complications, potentially leading to excess morbidity and mortality. It is likely that pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury during cardiopulmonary bypass is a major contributor to perioperative lung injury. Therefore, interventions that can minimize IR injury would be valuable in reducing the excess burden of this potentially preventable disease process. Volatile anesthetics including sevoflurane have been shown in both preclinical and human trials to effectively limit pulmonary inflammation in a number of settings including ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, this finding has not yet been demonstrated in the cardiac surgery population. The Anesthetics to Prevent Lung Injury in Cardiac Surgery (APLICS) trial is a randomized, controlled trial investigating whether sevoflurane anesthetic maintenance can modulate pulmonary inflammation occurring during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, and whether this potential effect can translate to a reduction in postoperative pulmonary complications. Methods APLICS is a prospective, randomized controlled trial of adult cardiac surgical patients. Subjects will be randomized to receive intraoperative anesthetic maintenance with either sevoflurane or propofol. Patients in both groups will be ventilated according to protocols intended to minimize the influences of ventilator induced lung injury and hyperoxia. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and blood sampling will take place after anesthetic induction and between two to four hours after pulmonary reperfusion. The primary outcome is a difference between groups in the degree of post-bypass lung inflammation, defined by BAL concentrations of TNFa. Secondary outcomes will include differences in additional relevant BAL and systemic inflammatory markers and the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications. Discussion APLICS investigates whether anesthetic choice can influence lung inflammation and pulmonary outcomes following cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. A positive result from this trial would add to the growing body of evidence describing the lung protective properties of the volatile anesthetics and potentially reduce unnecessary morbidity for cardiac surgery patients. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02918877, registered on September 29, 2016.
Prevalence and causes of vision impairment and blindness in three ecological regions of Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Mohan Krishna , Sun Sunjuri Zhi Yu , Limbu Ben , Poudel Manish , Khanal Shankar Prasad , Pradhan Bandana , Shrestha Mangala
Published: March 2019

Background

Vision impairment and blindness are significant public health issues worldwide. The study aims to explore is the prevalence and causes of moderate to severe vision impairment and blindness across three ecological regions of Nepal.

Methods

A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in three districts covering all ecological regions of Nepal. Intensive training for health workers was provided to conduct door-to-door visits for vision acuity testing using Snellen chart and refer the abnormal cases for comprehensive ocular examination by technicians and ophthalmologists to diagnose and treat ocular morbidities. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS and Stata software.

Results

Altogether 5234 participants were enrolled in the study. The overall prevalence of moderate to severe vision impairment was 9.5% (4.7% in the Mountain district, 11.2% in the Hill district and 21.2% in the Tarai district), though the prevalence of MSVI was 1.5% in participants aged 15-49 years and 25.1% in those aged ≥50. The overall prevalence of blindness was 0.9%, and the prevalence of blindness in the 15-49 and ≥50 age groups was 0.2% and 2.3% respectively. Most cases of vision impairment and blindness (95.5%) were an avoidable cause, of which 93.7% were treatable and 1.8% were preventable. Overall, cataract was the leading cause of vision impairment and blindness (53.5%), followed by uncorrected refractive error (39.5%).

Conclusion

The prevalence of vision impairment and blindness varied significantly with age, ethnicity and locality. The correction of refractive error and cataract surgery would reduce nine in ten cases of moderate to severe vision impairment and blindness.
Genetic polymorphisms of interleukin-6 influence the development of hepatitis B virus-related liver cirrhosis
Authors: Xia Caixia , Zhu Wei , Huang Chunhong , Lou Guohua , Ye Bingjue , Chen Feng , Chen Zhi , Liu Yanning , zheng min
Published: March 2019

Background

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays an important role in chronic inflammation. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of IL-6 polymorphisms in predicting the progression of hepatitis B virus (HBV) -related liver cirrhosis.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted to analysis IL-6 polymorphisms and serum levels of IL-6 in HBV-infected patients of different clinical phases and in healthy controls. IL-6 polymorphisms were detected by Taqman PCR method and plasma IL-6 levels were assessed by ELISA.

Results

Our analysis included 182 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, 190 HBV-infected liver cirrhosis cases, 125 inactive HBsAg carriers, and 246 healthy controls. Seven SNPs in IL-6 including rs10499563, rs17147230, rs1800796, rs2069837, rs1524107, rs2066992, rs2069852 were analyzed. In haplotype analysis between HBV-infected liver cirrhosis cases with CHB patients, inactive HBV-carriers or healthy controls, haplotype CT in block 1 and haplotype GGCGG in block 2 were associated with liver cirrhosis (P<0.05). What’s more, the genotype or allele frequencies were significantly different in IL-6 rs10499563 and rs2069837 when HBV-infected liver cirrhosis patients compared with CHB patients, inactive HBV-carriers or healthy controls. A further study found that compared with the controls or CHB patients, plasma IL-6 was elevated in HBV-infected liver cirrhosis patients (P<0.05).

Conclusion

In conclusion, the polymorphisms of the IL-6 rs10499563 and rs2069837 are associated with the susceptibility of liver cirrhosis may through their effects on IL-6 expressions and these two single nucleotide polymorphisms can be used as potential predicting markers for prognosis of HBV-infected liver cirrhosis.
GOcats: A tool for categorizing Gene Ontology into subgraphs of user-defined concepts
Authors: Hinderer Eugene W. , Moseley Hunter N.B.
Published: March 2019

Background

Gene Ontology is used extensively in scientific knowledgebases and repositories to organize a wealth of available biological information. However, interpreting annotations derived from differential gene lists is often difficult without manually sorting into higher-order categories. To address these issues, we present GOcats, a novel tool that organizes the Gene Ontology (GO) into subgraphs representing user-defined concepts, while ensuring that all appropriate relations are congruent with respect to scoping semantics.

Results

We tested GOcats performance using subcellular location categories to mine annotations from GO-utilizing knowledgebases and evaluated their accuracy against immunohistochemistry datasets in the Human Protein Atlas (HPA). In comparison to term categorizations generated from UniProt’s controlled vocabulary and from GO slims via OWLTools’ Map2Slim, GOcats outperformed these methods in its ability to mimic human-categorized GO term sets. However, unlike the other methods, GOcats relies only on an input of basic keywords from the user, not a manually compiled or static set of top-level GO terms. Additionally, by identifying and properly defining relations with respect to semantic scope, GOcats can utilize the traditionally problematic relation, has_part, without encountering erroneous term mapping. We applied GOcats in the comparison of HPA-sourced knowledgebase annotations to experimentally-derived annotations provided by HPA directly. During the comparison, GOcats improved correspondence between the annotation sources by adjusting semantic granularity.

Conclusions

GOcats enables the creation of custom, GO slim-like filters to map fine-grained gene annotations from GAFs to general subcellular compartments without needing to hand-select a set GO terms for categorization. Moreover, GOcats can customize the level of semantic specificity for annotation categories. Furthermore, GOcats enables a safe and more comprehensive semantic scoping utilization of go-core, allowing for a more complete utilization of information available in GO. Together, these improvements will impact a variety of GO knowledgebase data mining use-cases as well as knowledgebase curation and quality control.
Torrid Panicgrass Dormancy Relief Through Exogenous Chemical Treatments and Seed Storage Optimization of Temperature and Relative Humidity Parameters
Authors: Lukas Scott B. , DeFrank Joseph , Baldos Orville C. , Qin Ruijun
Published: March 2019

Seed dormancy is an evolutionary adaptation for increasing seedling survival by delaying germination and is found in many families of seed plants. Although dormancy is ecologically important, it becomes problematic during agronomic production and restoration. Torrid panicgrass (Panicum torridum) is a native Hawaiian annual grass that has been identified as a re-vegetation candidate for seasonally dry areas. Torrid panicgrass seed appears to possess a nondeep to intermediate physiological dormancy. This research aimed to characterize dormancy relief parameters by 1) evaluating exogenous hormonal, reactive oxygen intermediates, and simulated combustion product treatments; and 2) determining optimized storage conditions of relative humidity (RH) and temperature over a 10-month duration. Results indicate that all exogenous chemical treatments tested were not effective at relieving the dormancy present in torrid panicgrass. Optimal storage conditions to relieve dormancy were found with seeds equilibrated to 12% RH, stored at 30 °C for a period of 8 months resulting in 55% germination. Maintenance of viability for long-term storage up to 10 months was best achieved with seeds stored at 12% RH at 10, 20, or 30 °C.
Nitrogen Fertilization and Moderate Accumulation Intervals Can Maximize Stockpiled Warm‐Season Forage Grasses
Authors: Rushing J.B. , Lemus R.W. , Lyles J.C.
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas

Accumulation interval had the greatest effect on dry matter yield, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber for warm‐season perennial grasses.

Cultivar had the greatest effect on acid detergent fiber and total digestible nutrients for warm‐season perennial grasses.

Timely nitrogen applications followed by adequate accumulation intervals can produce adequate amounts of quality stockpiled forage.

Stockpiling warm‐season perennial grasses for grazing during the fall and early winter months is a management practice that can help reduce feeding and supplementation costs. Two seeded bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] and two bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) cultivars were compared in a field trial in east‐central Mississippi. Plots were assigned a single N application (0, 24, 56, and 84 kg N ha−1) and were sampled at 30 d accumulation intervals from September to December in 2015 to 2017 to monitor accumulated dry matter (DM) and nutritive value (crude protein [CP], acid detergent fiber [ADF], neutral detergent fiber [NDF], and total digestible nutrients [TDN]). Accumulation interval had the greatest influence on DM yield and CP. Forage mass was severely reduced (<527 kg DM ha−1) in 2016 due to widespread drought. In years with more rainfall, forage mass was >1200 kg DM ha−1. Across all years, DM yield was influenced by forage species and cultivars within species, however no entry was consecutively greater than any other cultivar or species. Crude protein concentrations increased in 2015, and decreased in 2017 as the season progressed. The ADF and NDF concentrations increased with time for all entries. Total digestible nutrients declined as interval increased, with all cultivars recording <50.5 g kg−1 across all years. In years with ample fall moisture, the combination of N application, followed by an accumulation interval between 60 and 90 d can provide adequate amounts of quality standing forage, regardless of cultivar, for extending the grazing season.
Risk analysis of the mortality from the diseases of the circulatory system in the Ural cohort of emergency-irradiated population for the years 1950–2015
Authors: Krestinina L. Yu. , Silkin S. S. , Degteva M. O. , Akleyev A. V.
Published: March 2019

The paper describes for the first time the results of the radiation effect study using the example of the analysis of circulatory system disease mortality in newly established cohort combining the population exposed in 1950–1960 due to 2 radiation incidents in the Southern Urals (the Techa River and East-Urals radioactive Trace). The cohort consists of 60,205 people. Over a 65-year follow up period 14,830 deaths from all diseases of the circulatory system were registered. Out of this number 6,163 deaths were from ischemic heart disease, and 4,388 deaths were from cerebrovascular diseases. Analysis was performed on the basis of individualized estimates of dose accumulated in muscle tissue (both internal and external components of the dose), calculated with new Techa River Dosimetry System 2016. As per the latest calculations, mean dose to muscle tissue in members of the combined cohort was 34 mGy, maximum dose was 995 mGy. Simple parametric model of excess relative risk (ERR) was used in the analysis. The number of person-years at risk was 1836,203. The findings of the analysis show linear increase of mortality risk per unit dose from all the disease of circulatory system (ERR/100 mGy was 3%; 95% CI: 0,8%; 5,2%) and from ischemic heart disease (ERR/100 mGy was 9,2%; 95% CI: 5,4%; 13,5%). with 15-year latent period. No statistically significant increase in mortality from the cerebrovascular diseases in the combined cohort of the population exposed in the Southern Urals over a 65-year period received evidence. The obtained results are in good agreement with those received in the analysis of the effect in the Techa River Cohort in 2013. The latter covered a 53-year period (with minimum latent period of 15 years) and revealed statistically significant linear dose response for all diseases of the circulatory system (ERR/100 mGy – 0.036) and ischemic heart disease (ERR/100 mGy – 0.056).
Evaluation of the dose reduction capabilities in digital radiography of the chest using contrast-detail phantom
Authors: Vodovatov A. V.
Published: March 2019

Assessment of the quality of the images obtained using optimized (low-dose) protocols is the inherent part of the optimization in X-ray diagnostics. To perform the objective quantitative image quality assessment one can use dedicated test-objects, including several components for the simultaneous measurement of the different physical image characteristics (contrast and spatial resolution). The use of such test objects allows estimating and assessing the relations between the patient dose, parameter of the X-ray examination and image quality. That is especially important for the optimization of the digital radiographic examinations performed with automated exposure control. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the possibilities of the patient dose reduction using “contrast-detail” test-object for the digital radiography of the chest in posterior-anterior projection performed with automated exposure control. The study was performed in St-Petersburg Mariinsky hospital on a digital X-ray unit “ARC-Electron” with a flat-panel detector. The combination of a test-object and a tissue-equivalent phantom were imaged on a range of chest X-ray protocols: on a 60–150 kV tube voltage range with automated exposure control; and using fixed 90 kV tube voltage on a range of 2–100 mAs tube current-exposure time product. Dose-area product (cGy×cm2) was measured for each exposure; effective dose (mSv) was estimated for each exposure based on dose-area product. A dedicated software was developed for the automated image quality assessment. The results of the study indicate that the use of a high tube voltage (140–150 kV) with current automated exposure control settings would lead to 60% and 95% reduction of the dose-area product and effective dose, respectively, compared to the standard protocol. The adjustment of the current automated exposure control settings with the reduction of the tube current-exposure time product from 11,2 mAs to the 4,2 mAs for the tube voltage of 90 kV would lead to the reduction of both the dose-area product and effective dose up to a factor of three, compared to the standard protocol. For both scenarios image quality characteristics decreased by less than 15%. The proposed low-dose protocols are under the clinical approbation at Mariinsky hospital. The proposed method of image quality assessment and development of low-dose protocols is recommended for inclusion in the quality assurance program for the radiography examinations.
Methodological Aspect of the Interconnection between Science and Research
Authors: Балабанов Павел , Balabanov Pavel , Зауэрвайн Лариса , Sauerwein Larisa
Published: March 2019

The present research features the relationship between science and scientific research as internal elements of scientific knowledge. The subject is the methodological aspect in the study, namely, the theoretical self-consciousness of science in a specific historical period, the analysis of the evolution of socio-cultural forms of life of science – monodisciplinary, interdisciplinary, transdisciplinary, supra-disciplinary. Each of these forms once had historically formed methodological potential-techniques, methods, principles, ideals, and norms of knowledge. At each stage, new ways of understanding are formed, and new meanings that revolutionize science, practice, and culture are created. The increase in methodological equipment of science expands cognitive horizons. The changes in socio-cultural forms of science and the nature of scientific research are not synchronized, but they are internally determined. Approach as a methodological tool acts as a connecting link. The choice of methodological approach is determined by the methodological culture of the researcher and, as a rule, reflects the dynamics of scientific knowledge. The authors use the following methodological tools: dialectics of the historical and the logical, dialectics of content and form. They highlight the immanent connection of scientific research and science as the most important components of a specific form of cognition, i. e. science; show the interrelation between the socio-cultural form of science and its epistemological content; demonstrate the dynamics of the complexity of methodological tools in the history of science – from techniques and methods of research to such a methodological phenomenon as the approach, which, in turn, has yet to be investigated.
Social, Economic, and Sociocultural Aspects of Innovative Approach to Management and Motivation of Personnel
Authors: Билюченко Галина , Biljuchenko Galina , Золотухин Владимир , Zolotukhin Vladimir
Published: March 2019

The paper features social, economic, and sociocultural aspects of innovative processes in management of various organizations. The research involved a comparative analysis of the main parameters of modern management methods and their advantages and disadvantages. The authors formulated some management solutions of several large organizations. The research features modern methods of organization management and the effect of the sociocultural environment on various methods of labor motivation. The main attention is given to the transformation of various fields of activity connected with use of digital technologies since there is a change of valuable stereotypes and various criteria of economic behavior. The research studied modern management conditions and revealed the best practices of effective organization management. The authors employed a system and comparative analysis, the causative-consecutive analysis, and such methods as observation, comparison, grouping, and scientific induction and deduction. The research featured small, medium, and large businesses at all stages of their development to create an effective model of human resource management. Thus, the most successful domestic and foreign companies apply non-standard, innovative approaches to management and motivation of personnel, which allows them to develop more effectively in comparison with those organizations which apply standard approaches to personnel management and motivation.
Soviet Upbringing in 1970s–1980s
Authors: Козин Сергей , Kozin Sergey
Published: March 2019

The author analyzes numerous scientific foreign and domestic publications and emphasizes that many aspects of Soviet upbringing go back to such prominent authors as K. Marx and V. I. Lenin. It was their views that became the fundamental guidelines for the new moral attitudes in the Soviet society. Essential forces of man are released only when contradictions between external circumstances and the creative nature of man have to be resolved. Marx believed that people are the products of circumstances and upbringing, and that an individual cannot be regarded as a blind and passive force: it is people who change circumstances and upbringing. Most authors believe that the Communist Party played a key role in the Soviet upbringing due to its total control and filtering of unnecessary information. In the 1970s–1980s, the USSR acquired great practical experience in this sphere. A thorough multilateral analysis of foreign literature revealed that foreign scientists displayed a great interest in the strong spirit of Soviet people, as well as in those new complex system-pedagogical trends that were implemented in the 1970-s in the USSR. Soviet scientists distinguished more than 160 features that a person should have, i.e. diligence, respect for the elderly, aesthetic taste, physical perfection, etc.
Detection of carbapenem resistance genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates with several phenotypic susceptibility profiles
Authors: Morales Sara , A Gallego Marlon , Vanegas Johanna M , Jiménez J Natalia
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa display several resistance mechanisms to carbapenems and such variety makes it difficult to infer from the antibiogram. The aim of this study was to determine the carbapenem resistance genes in P. aeruginosa isolates with different profiles of phenotypic susceptibility to these antibiotics.

Materials and methods: From a microbial collection of P. aeruginosa isolates from infected patients, 40 isolates with different carbapenem resistance profiles were selected. The carbapenemases genes, and expression of the OprD porin, the MexAB-OprM efflux pump and the β-lactamase AmpC were determined.

Results: From a total of 40 isolates evaluted, in 21 (52.5%) any mechanism of resistance evaluated were detected. In the meropenem-resistant group, overexpression of AmpC (n = 1) and decreased expression of MexAB-OprM (n = 2) and OprD (n = 1) were found. A decrease in the expression of MexAB-OprM was observed in imipenem-resistant group (n = 3) and mutations in the gene encoding the OprD porin (n = 1). Finally, the presence of carbapenemases (VIM, n= 3, KPC-2 / VIM, n = 1) was detected in imipenem-meropenem resistant isolates.

Conclusion: The phenotypic susceptibility profiles in P. aeruginosa isolates were not explained by the molecular mechanisms explored, with the exception of carbapenemase-producing isolates. These results evidence the complexity of the antibiotic resistance mechanisms involved in this bacterium.
Strategic planning of R&D output, subject to the distribution over time of its implementation program
Authors: Velikanov Vasilii Viktorovich , Sidorenko Natalia Anatolevna
Published: March 2019

In given article the technique of planning of carrying out of research and development on the basis of the volume determined models is described. Basically, the problems concerning top level of hierarchy, namely, problems of definition of the schedule chart of realization of the basic stages of research and development and volumes of expenses necessary for it are considered. The most effective and modern approach to realization of such substantiation is use of mathematical models. It is thus essential that the models applied to the decision of problems of this level, should consider not only internal properties of the enterprise are models of its organizational system, but also consider with accessible completeness of property of environment of the enterprise. As this completeness is rather limited, in view of incompleteness of the information on properties of environment of the enterprise, the planning technique should provide possibility of correction of planned offers, their recalculation under the specified data.
O pewnym dwugłosie w szkole lwowsko-warszawskiej. Normatywność między etologią a etyką empiryczną
Authors: Kmiecikowski Waldemar
Published: March 2019

Artykuł krytycznie eksplikuje perspektywę etologiczną i etyczno-empiryczną refleksji nad moralnością, które pojawiają się w ramach szkoły lwowsko-warszawskiej. Poprzez odwołanie się do badań Marii Ossowskiej wyeksponowana zostaje skłonność analiz etologicznych do anihilacji specyfiki normatywności moralnej (imperatywności moralnej), jak również niejednoznaczność wniosków samej Marii Ossowskiej i jej predylekcja ku emotywizmowi. Eksploracja myśli Tadeusza Czeżowskiego natomiast odsłania naukowy (empiryczny) status norm aksjologicznych i deontycznych, które mogą być uznawane za zdania prawdziwe bądź fałszywe. Finalnie model normatywności Marii Ossowskiej i Tadeusza Czeżowskiego zostaje skonfrontowany z imperatywnością moralną dostępną na poziomie doświadczalnej 'datum morale'.
Jaka normatywność po „śmierci Boga”? Etyczne implikacje myśli słabej
Authors: Kobyliński Andrzej
Published: March 2019

Głównym celem artykułu jest analiza pojęcia normatywności w filozofii myśli słabej Gianniego Vattima. Myśl słaba oznacza teorię osłabienia bycia w epoce końca metafizyki oraz zakwestionowanie kartezjańskiej koncepcji podmiotu. Tego rodzaju teoria filozoficzna nie rezygnuje całkowicie z normatywności w wymiarze moralnym. Vattimo proponuje normatywność słabą, perswazję, bez roszczeń do powszechnej obowiązywalności. Normatywność słaba wyrasta z dialogu i szacunku do tradycji, zaleca respektowanie konkretnych zasad moralnych, ale nie uznaje zobowiązań etycznych o charakterze uniwersalnym. Taka wersja normatywności znajduje swoje uzasadnienie na gruncie dziedzictwa kulturowego, zgody i kontraktu społecznego.
Normatywna aktualizacja
Authors: Raczyński Mikołaj
Published: March 2019

Artykuł jest recenzją i krótkim komentarzem do tekstów dotyczących normatywności i zebranych w dziale nazwanym „Normatywność. ‘Update’” i opublikowanych w jednym z numerów czasopisma „Avant”. Autor stara się wykazać, że często rozróżniane porządki myślenia o normatywności – moralny i pozamoralny, na poziomie ludzkich praktyk są ze sobą ściśle powiązane. Głównym celem artykułu jest wyraźne wyłuszczenie i skomentowanie aktualizacji podejścia do normatywności proponowanych przez publikujących w „Avancie” badaczy.
Krytyczne spojrzenie z perspektywy psychologa na granice poradnictwa filozoficznego w porównaniu do psychoterapii, pomocy psychologicznej i coachingu
Authors: Zdybek Przemysław
Published: March 2019

Tekst ten stanowi próbę ogólnego zdefiniowania doradztwa filozoficznego, a także porównania go do profesjonalnej pomocy psychologicznej, psychoterapii i coachingu. Na początku opisana została pomoc psychologiczna z jej rodzajami i porównana do możliwych obszarów pokrewnych doradztwu filozoficznemu. Następnie opisano psychoterapię i jej poszczególne szkoły, porównując je do oddziaływań doradcy filozoficznego. Na końcu opisano coaching, nakreślając wspólne elementy z doradztwem udzielanym przez filozofa. Ogólne wnioski płynące z porównania tych różnych form pracy z ludźmi można określić następująco: Doradztwo filozoficzne jest dziedziną młodą w polskiej rzeczywistości. Koniecznym jest dookreślenie jego ram poprzez odróżnienie od pracy psychologa, psychoterapeuty i coacha. Ważną kwestią jest nacisk na wizję doradztwa filozoficznego jako metody pracy z osobami zdrowymi psychicznie. Doradztwo takie nie może być procesem zastępującym psychoterapię indywidualną lub grupową. Jest to ciekawa forma pracy, która ma duży potencjał i szansę odnalezienia się jako dziedzina rozwoju osobistego dla osób zdrowych psychicznie.
Contribución a la familia Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) del estado de Aguascalientes
Authors: Rodríguez Julio Cesar , Flores-Dávila Mariano , Coronado-Blanco Juana María , García-Martínez Oswaldo , Aguirre-Uribe Luis Alberto
Published: March 2019

Braconidae es la segunda familia de Hymenoptera con mayor diversidad en el mundo, e incluye parasitoides de insectos y de otros artrópodos. Para Aguascalientes, hasta 2017, sólo se conocían siete subfamilias, ocho géneros y cuatro especies. En el presente trabajo se recolectaron 608 adultos de Braconidae correspondientes a 18 subfamilias, 44 géneros, tres especies y 107 morfoespecies, obtenidos en 111 localidades de los once municipios; de las cuales, 11 subfamilias, 39 géneros y tres especies corresponden a nuevos registros para la entidad. Este trabajo permitió incrementar el registro a 18 subfamilias, 47 géneros y siete especies de Braconidae para el estado de Aguascalientes. La mayoría de los géneros son cosmopolitas y las especies son Neárticas y Neotropicales. Los géneros más abundantes fueron Opius, Aphidius, Trioxys y Aleiodes.
FEATURES OF THE DESIGN OF COVERED ALL-SEASON SKIN COMPLEXES
Authors: Skripkina J. V. , Tsurik T. O. , Zvyagintseva M. M. , Volkova V. A.
Published: March 2019

This article deals with the problem of designing and building all-season ski resorts. Currently, the sport is actively developing and every year more and more people show their interest in alpine skiing sports. As anndependent sport, it was formed in Europe around the middle of the twentieth century, and quickly quickly won many fans around the world. At the moment, the total number of skiers is estimated at 80-100 million people. Amateurs and athletes face the problem of training in the summer, as large ski resorts in our country can work fully only from November to May, when there is enough snow in the mountains. The design of sports complexes for all-season winter sports is currently an urgent problem, acquiring particular importance in connection with the development of alpine skiing. Analysis of such indoor ski resorts as "Sneg.Com", "Ski-Dubai" and "Snow World Lundgraaf" located in Russia and abroad promote the idea of creating an artificial environment where there is no natural area for skiing, which proves the integration of scientific achievements. Until recently, the structure of the ski complexes included only planar structures, such as: well-equipped prepared ski slopes, skating rinks and snowparks with springboard lines. But special installations were invented that were able to create a steady snow cover inside the building, and this led to the emergence of a new volumetric type of sports facilities - indoor ski resorts. An artificial environment with special geometric characteristics is created inside these structures, suitable for creating and maintaining year-round sustainable snow cover, which allows you to engage in winter sports such as skiing, tobogganing, and snowboarding.
THE COLLECTION OF INFORMATION CONTROL CENTER
Authors: Maklakov E. S. , Gulamov A. A.
Published: March 2019

Consider the option of building the last miles to telecom operators, in accordance with the requirements for the construction of the last miles of control centers in the power industry. A variant is proposed for constructing a typical network node of the last miles of the control center, taking into account all the necessary interfaces for the transmission of dispatch telephone communication channels, telemetry information transmission channels, as well as service communication channels and information exchange between electric power entities and dispatch centers. A variant of the construction and topology of the last miles of the control center, methods of reservation of channels to access nodes are described. All types and types of interfaces that are necessary to use for the organization of dispatch communication channels and the transmission of telemetric information in the dispatch centers of the regional level have been determined. The use of various types of interfaces for service purposes is described in detail. Separate types of interfaces are used for voice transmission and for dispatch communication channels with objects. The variants of using analog interfaces for transmitting telemetry information via corresponding communication channels, which are used for cent equipment with analog outputs, are described. There are several types of redundancy of communication channels to ensure uninterrupted operation of the control center and to exclude the possibility of disabling the main and backup channels at the same time when working with a particular object. The redundancy of the hardware is carried out by installing additional cards in the equipment of the nodes in the cold reserve. Power redundancy is carried out due to the presence of at least two power supply units of the equipment for connection from two different sources of the uninterruptible power supply system. There is a reserve for the optical fibers of the last miles to the access nodes, which in turn allows you to change the transport transmission line in case of failure of the current one.
PLANNING OF DOWNLOAD PROCESSORS IN MULTIPROCESSOR SYSTEMS OF CRITICAL PURPOSE
Authors: Borzov D. B. , Masyukov I. I.
Published: March 2019

At present, multiprocessor systems of a critical nature are widely used. Such systems are used for tracking, aiming, observing, etc. Such tasks, as a rule, require maximizing productivity and reducing the time to solve a problem. For these purposes, the initial selection of non-dependent linear, conditional and cyclic sections of sequential programs is used [1]. This is done to release fragments of programs that can be assigned to execution on processors in such a way that during execution they exchange data with neighboring processors as little as possible. Due to this, it is possible to partially improve the performance of a multiprocessor computing system, together with a decrease in the overall execution time of the entire task as a whole. For systems of the considered nature of the processor of the entire system, it is desirable to assign program fragments so that they are constantly loaded throughout the solution of the entire problem. This is another way to improve the performance of a multiprocessor system. It is obvious that the use of software for this purpose is not real due to the criticality of the time parameter. Therefore, it is relevant to use methods and corresponding hardwareoriented algorithms for scheduling processor loads, which is the subject of research in this article. The article shows the relevance of the constant loading of processors of multiprocessor systems with a high availability factor. The necessity of drawing up a plan for loading processors to support this coefficient is substantiated. An appropriate method and algorithm for multiprocessor systems for critical purposes (tracking systems, surveillance, aiming, etc.) are proposed.
HYDRO-PULSE DEVICE FOR OBTAINING HIGH-PRESSURE LIQUID-CURRENT PRESSURES AND THE THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF ITS WORK
Authors: Novikov S. G. , Kutsenko V. N. , Malykhin V. V. , Glagolev R. W.
Published: March 2019

Unsteady processes in the working fluid lead to the receipt of both hydraulic impulses and hydraulic shocks, the energy of which is currently used in a number of devices and machines. In hydraulic vibratory presses, hydraulic hammers, hammers and hydraulic perforators, the creation of significant pulses is necessary to ensure their basic functions. Hydraulic impact is used in hydrotarans for water lifting and rock destruction, drilling units for drilling wells with the help of a longitudinal shock impulse, hydroimpulse plants for cleaning surplus materials (liquidations), causing irregularities in the shape and precision of the parts. Devices - multipliers for obtaining ultra-high pressures of the working fluid, providing its impulse delivery, are provided, and the characteristics of the pulses and the periods of their action are adjustable. In the construction of hydroimpulse devices, a high-speed pulse jet is created, which leads to an increase in the efficiency and productivity of the units. Analytical studies have been carried out to determine some of the main geometric and structural relationships, the dynamic parameters of devices that use the hydrodynamic effect to create powerful hydroimpuls. Mathetical calculations, which follow from the formula of Zhukovsky N.E. for the origin of the hydraulic shock and the Bernoulli equation for the unsteady motion of the working fluid, made it possible to draw a number of practical conclusions and outline the direction of research that needed to be continued, including the use of computer technology because of the complexity of the dependencies obtained and the impossibility of transforming them to a fairly simple form. The research methodology and the calculation example are presented. The ways of improving devices are outlined. It is necessary to set up experiments to evaluate the theoretical results and the behavior of the liquid under conditions of its ultrahigh pressures.