bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of Stability and G × E Interaction of Legume and Cereal Genotypes in Different Agro-Ecologies of Central Tanzania
Authors: Wabwire Simon , Chilagane Luseko Amos , Msuya Dunstan Gabriel
Published: March 2024

Legumes and cereals are essential components of sustainable agricultural production systems and are vital in sustaining food, nutrition, income security as well as improving soil health status in the semi-arid tropics. Field experiments were conducted during the 2019-2020 cropping season in different sub agro-ecologies of central Tanzania to determine stability and genotype x environment interaction (GEI) of legume and cereal genotypes for grain yield in the different sub agro-ecologies. An incomplete randomized block design with farmers as replications was used at each sub agro-ecology. Grain yield data of the fourteen genotypes in total of the four crops (groundnut, pigeon pea, sorghum and pearl millet) was collected. Results from the experiments generally revealed that G x M x E interactions were insignificant in terms of grain yield for all the crop genotypes studied. Among the groundnut and pigeon pea genotypes, significant differences were observed across the sub-ecologies while significant genotypic effects were observed in both sorghum and pearl millet genotypes. Although early planting outperformed late planting for the crop genotypes tested in terms of grain yield, non-significant differences in planting dates were observed. Furthermore, crop genotypes in the high potential generally out performed those under the moderate and low potential sub-ecologies. The above findings revealed that genotypes ICGV-SM 05650, ICEAP 00040, GAMBELA 1107 and IP8774 with superior grain yield performance were more adapted thus, recommended for deployment in these sub agro-ecologies of central Tanzania
Study of Fungi on Stored Maize (Zea mays L.) in Kebbi State, Nigeria
Authors: Aminu Mubarak , Keta Jibrin Naka
Published: March 2024

The present study was carried out to determine the fungal species associated with stored Maize from three villages: Sabiyel, Dan warai and Jiga all within Aliero L.G.A. From each village, twenty spike of silo maize were collected, making a total of sixty samples. Fungi were investigated using the standard procedure recommended by the International Commission on Food Mycology (ICFM). Eight fungal species were isolated and identified from the results obtained; Aspergillus niger, Mucor racemosus, Aspergillus fumagatus, Aspergillus terries, Fusarium species, Ceplosporium species, Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium species.  Aspergillus niger had the highest mean frequency and percentage 3.00 (16.60%) while the lowest was obtained in Penicillium species 1.67 (9.77%). Jiga village had the highest fungal rate of 87.5% and Sabiyel with the lowest 75% based on locations. In conclusion, it was observed that perishable agricultural food is susceptible to spoilage by fungi, probably because these organisms' spores are easily transmitted via the air, during transportation, harvest, handling, and preservations of these products might lead to spoilage of stored maize grains. There is a need for proper storage techniques, farmers' awareness of the health implications of these fungi, and adequate storage conditions in the study area to reduce contamination of store maize grains by these fungal isolates.
Effect of seed treatment with fungicides, nutrients and bio-agents on wilt of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus)
Authors: Dubey Khushboo
Published: March 2024

The 10-15 percent yield losses of lentil crop are mainly due to the Fusarium wilt. In the present study, efficacy of seed treatment with fungicide, bioagents and nutrient were evaluated against lentil wilt. Minimum disease incidence (32.33%) was recorded in Carbendazim @ 0.2 g/kg seed followed by Pseudomonas fluorescens (34.21%), Bacillus subtilis (36.45%), Trichoderma viride (41.40%), Trichoderma harzianum (44%), Trichoderma virens (45.44%) Zn (48.80%) and Mn (50.10) as compared to control (53.60%) at 90 days after sowing in the year 2016-17. Maximum disease control (39.68%) was recorded in Carbendazim followed by P. fluorescens (36.17%), B. subtilis (31.99%), T. viride (22.76 %) and T. harzianum (17.91%), Zn (8.95%) and Mn (6.52%). Similar results were also observed in the year 2017-18. Disease incidence was maximum at 90 days after sowing as compared to 60 and 30 days after sowing in both the years.
Influence of NPK I5:15:15 fertilizer rates and vine training on profitability of Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) in Savanna zones, Nigeria
Authors: Nasidi Y A , Shebayan J A Y , Ibrahim U , Bello T T , Dahiru R
Published: March 2024

The study objective was to see how profitable it was to grow climbing bean cultivars with NPK 15:15:15 application rates in Nigeria's northern Guinea and Sudan Savanna zones. Field trials were done at the Institute for Agricultural Research Samaru, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria and National Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT), Bagauda sub-station research farm throughout the 2018 wet season (from the final week of May as rain began to the last week of November).The treatments consisted of two cultivars of lima bean (Ex-Manchok Brown and Ex-Manchok Cream), training (trained and non-trained) and four levels of NPK 15:15:15 fertilizer rates (0, 150, 300 and 450 kg ha-1). The treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design replicated three times. All lima bean production options were profitable at Samaru with trained Ex-Manchok Cream without fertilizer being most profitable (N476,858.4 ha-1) with net return of N 2.84 per naira invested. At Bagauda all production options were unprofitable due to low crop yields (105-237 kg ha-1): fertilizer and its application costs which accounted for 13.4 to 28.9% of total production cost in trained crop and 19.8 to 38.7% in non-trained. From this study it can be concluded that profitable and sustainable lima bean production, requires training of an adapted cultivar and application of 450 kg ha-1 of NPK 15:15:15 compound fertilizer.
Optimizing the plant spacing for the maximum yield of pigeon pea monoculture in Delta State of Nigeria
Authors: Ossai Chukwunalu , Akpeji Stephanie Clara , Oroghe O E , Olorode E M
Published: March 2024

Pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] is an important crop worldwide, usually sown in the mixed cropping system. However, the sole cropping system is constrained mainly by high weed infestation caused by under population and low productivity due to overcrowding.  It is necessary to optimize the appropriate crop spacing to fully maximize the potential of pigeon pea in a sole cropping system. In the 2019 and 2020 planting seasons, two varieties of Pigeon pea: ICP88038 and ICP6971 seeds planted at Ogbagu Ogume community communal farm settlement of Nigeria at three different spacing: 30 × 45, 30 × 60 and 45 × 45 cm at a seed rate of 7.41, 5.56 and 4.93 kg ha-1, respectively. The experiment was a 2 by 3 factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The result showed that the 45 × 45 cm spacing produced significantly taller plants in 2019 (12.22±0.41) and 2020 (12.55±0.99), highest number of leaves in 2019 (11.50±0.67) and 2020 (9.83±0.96), number of pods in 2019 (138.33±12.01) and 2020 (153.17±23.43), dry pod weight in 2019 (3.57±0.27) and 2020 (3.76±0.39) and dry grain yield (t ha-1) in 2019 (1.78±0.14) and 2020 (1.76±0.21). However, the genotypic effect on the parameters was insignificant.
Relationship of some insect pests of roselle with weather parameters in Makurdi, Nigeria
Authors: Dada Simon Lilian , Okoroafor E , Peter E , Iliya C J
Published: March 2024

The population dynamics of three insect species namely: Monolepta thomsoni, Nisotra sjostedti, and Dysdercus volkeri along with their correlation with weather factors were studied during the 2016 cropping seasoning Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. Insect count was done within a 1m by 1m area for 21 weeks. M. thomsoni and N. sjostedti populations peaked at 9 WAP, while D. volkeri peaked at 21 at pod maturity. M. thomsoni and N. sjostedti strongly linked with early crop relative humidity. M. thomsoni associated favourably with rainfall and relative humidity in the late harvest, but not maximum temperature. D. volkeri was positively correlated with sun radiation, maximum temperature, and relative humidity in early-sown crops. Positive and significant association between D. volkeri and maximum temperature in late crop. N. sjostedti did not link with late-sown crop weather. This study's result can be used to forecast insect pest damage, which can aid with pest management.
Determination of critical period of weed competition in Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) at Arjo Didessa sugar estate, western Ethiopia
Authors: Tadele Worku , Tessema Taye , Tegene Samuel
Published: March 2024

Weeds limit sugar cane production. A field experiment employing cultivar NCO334 and Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was done to assess weed competition crucial period. After planting, experimental plots were either weed-free or weedy (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 DAP). Weed density, weed dry weight, sugarcane sprout, tiller number, cane height, millable cane number, girth, weight, and predicted cane and sugar production traits were evaluated. For different periods, weed competition affects tiller number, cane height, girth, weight, millable cane number, and cane and sugar yield. Tiller production, cane height, girth, weight, millable canes, and cane and sugar output rose with more extended weed-free periods. Weeds in sugarcane caused 90. 5% and 94.6% cane and sugar yield losses, respectively. Cane girth, height, weight, tiller number, cane, and sugar production correlated positively and negatively with weed density and dry weight. weed crop competition begins between 17 and 131 DAP. To limit the impact of weeds on sugar cane yield, weed management measures should be implemented in sugarcane plantations during this important period.
Studies on the genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance of finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) genotypes in northwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Mulualem Tafere
Published: March 2024

Finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) is vital in the farming systems of many parts of Ethiopia in which there is limited information on the genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance. The major aim of the current research was to investigate variation and quantify variance components, including genetic advance, for common agronomic characters of finger millet, such as yield and related once. Eleven finger millet genotypes were assessed using RCBD with four replications at Pawe and manbuk/dangur for three years. mean squares of tested genotypes were highly significant (p<0.001) for the most important agronomic features, suggesting heterogeneity among tested finger millet genotypes. Heritability estimations ranged from 12.18 % for tillers per plant to 97.35 % for days to maturity. Overall, the results showed a significant level of character variability between genotypes, which may be used for future finger millet genetic improvement.
Efficacy of the Key Isolated Entomopathogenic Fungi for the Biocontrol against Tuta absoluta in Tomato Plants
Authors: Magwe Mwamu , Chilagane Luseko , Mulungu Loth
Published: March 2024

The tomato is an important vegetable crop, both domestically and commercially.  Recently, the crop is facing the problem of insect pest destruction, which causes its production to drop by up to 50% if not controlled. Tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) is one of the most destructive insects of tomato. The entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae are currently used as an efficient biological control agent against Tuta absoluta. In this study, the efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi was tested using EPF obtained from 24 soil samples collected from tomato farms infested by T. absoluta. The efficacy of EPF were tested against Tuta absoluta larvae instars, pupa, and adults at different conidial concentrations and incubation times. The results showed that among all EPF, Metarhizium anisopliae had high pathogenicity and recorded a high percentage of Tuta absoluta larval mortality rate (98.2%), followed by Aspergillus spp., which recorded 71%. Other EPF recoded lower percentages, which imply lower pathogenicity. Despite Aspergillus spp. being entomopathogenic fungi that have high pathogenicity for Tuta absoluta, it is not recommended for Tuta absoluta management in tomato production due to aflatoxin, which is very toxic to humans. Based on these observations, Metarhizium anisopliae has the potential to be used as an effective biological control of Tuta absoluta in tomato production.
Physiological response of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) to foliar applied kaolin under irrigation in Sudan savanna of Nigeria
Authors: Madu A I , Mohammed I B , Sarkinfulani M , Halima M I
Published: March 2024

A field experiment was conducted during the hot, dry season of 2019 in the Sudan savanna of Nigeria to evaluate the effect of foliar-applied antitranspirant (kaolin) on growth, yield, and yield components of irrigated soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. Teaching and Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture Bayero University, Kano and Irrigation Research Station, Kadawa, Kano, under the Institute for Agricultural Research Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna, represented the two locations. Treatments consisted of two varieties of soybean (TGX1835-10E and TGX1955-4F), three growth stages of foliar applied kaolin, and four application rates (0%, 3%, 6%, and 9% w/v %). The factors were laid out in a split-split-plot design and replicated three times. Varieties were allocated to main plots, growth stages of foliar-applied kaolin in subplots, and kaolin rates in sub-subplots. Cultural practices, soil physical and chemical analysis, and irrigation were conducted. Data collected from physiological parameters included intercepted photosynthetically active radiation, leaf chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, and plant dry matter (g), were subjected to analysis of variance using Statistix-10 and significant means of treatments were separated using Tukey HSD at a 5% level of probability. The result revealed that variety and foliar applied kaolin at growth stages and its rates significantly affected the physiological parameters of irrigated soybeans. The highest physiological responses were recorded from TGX1955-4F and lower from the variety TGX1835-10E. Foliar applied kaolin at pod initiation, and kaolin rates of 3 and 6% indicated the highest effect on measured physiological parameters and grain yield.
Effects of integrated fertilization on soil sustainability and cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) yield in an ultisol
Authors: Ikeh A O , Ndaeyo N U , Ikeh C E
Published: March 2024

The present study aimed to assess the effects of integrated fertilization on soil and cassava yield. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used in the 24 x 5 factorial. Factor A comprised 24 cassava genotypes, while Factor B comprised five fertilizer treatment rates (2.5 t/ha poultry manure (PM) + 300 kg/ha NPKMg, 5 t/ha PM + 200 kg/ha NPKMg, and 7.5 t/ha PM + 100 kg/ha NPKMg), 400 kg/ha NPKMg fertilizer, and control. Integrated fertilizer application improved soil fertility compared to 400 kg/ha NPKMg and control treatments. Integrated fertilization of 7.5 t/ha PM and 100 kg/ha NPKMg had a 16–26% and 15–25% significant increase in soil pH compared to other treatments, respectively. Application of 7.5 t/ha PM + 100 kg/ha NPKMg had significant organic matter content at harvest (2.92 and 3.11%) compared to initial values of 1.37 and 1.55%. The treatments of 7.5 t/ha PM and 100 kg/ha NPKMg had (30-88% and 30-87%) and (8-94%, and 11- 91%) higher organic matter and N than other treatments at harvest. Significant differences (P<0.05) were observed in storage root yields. The NR07/0240 produced significant storage root yields of 34.41 and 34.12 t/ha in both cropping seasons. Obubit Okpo had the least yield: 7.34 and 6.55 t/ha. Treatment with 7.5 t/ha PM and 100 kg/ha NPKMg out-yielded other fertilizer treatments, while control had the least storage root yield. The result revealed that treatments with integrated fertilizers had lower soil pH, significantly higher total N, organic matter, and exchangeable bases at harvest.
Phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of Ceiba pentandra against some pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Banso A , Ajayi M A
Published: March 2024

Many plant ingredients used in traditional medicine are widely available in rural regions, making it cheaper than modern medication. Several secondary metabolites from plants are used to make microbiocides, insecticides, and pharmaceuticals.  Ceiba pentandra grows natively in equatorial Africa and other humid tropics, including Nigeria. The agar diffusion method was used to test ethyl acetate, ethanol, and C. pentandra leaf extract against clinical isolates of S. aureus, P. vulgaris, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae. All extracts were antibacterial against test organisms. K. pneumoniae was most vulnerable to plant extracts, and E. coli was most resistant. The plant extracts had a minimum inhibitory concentration of 15 µg/ml to 30 µg/ml against the test organisms. The minimum bactericidal concentrations of extracts ranged from 15 to 35 µg/ml. The ethyl acetate leaf extract of C. pentandra was more efficient than the aqueous or ethanol extract against all test microorganisms. The data may indicate that plant extracts are antibacterial.
International Refugee Law Study Perspective State Obligations to Refugees
Authors: Alarico Gomes
Published: March 2024

In principle, international refugee law must be in line with the development of society to understand the many problems that occur in the context of international refugees, that international refugee law is expected to function or be useful in regulating and resolving complex international refugee problems in an international scope in an appropriate and fair manner. Efforts to obtain legal protection, of course, what humans want is order and regularity between the basic values of law, namely legal certainty, legal usefulness and legal justice. Although in practice the three basic values are generally in conflict, efforts must be made for the three basic values to coincide. This also applies to international refugee law in modern times, which basically aims to create legal protection for order and regularity between the basic values of law, namely legal certainty, legal usefulness and justice within the scope of international refugees. Whereas a state's obligations to refugees, based on the provisions of Article 3 of the 1951 Convention on the Status of Refugees, state parties are obliged to apply the provisions of this convention to refugees without discrimination on race, religion or country of origin.
Juridical Study of Determination of Wages for Workers based on Job Creation Act
Authors: I Wayan Merta Sukadana  , Anak Agung Sagung Ngurah Indradewi
Published: March 2024

The enactment of Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation makes the wage system previously regulated in Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower undergo a change where the wage system which initially stated that the governor was obliged to set the minimum wage for the province became the governor to set the minimum wage. district/city with certain conditions where the use of the word “can” in determining the district/city minimum wage (UMK) is very detrimental to workers. The type of research used is normative legal research. The type of approach used is the Legislative Approach. Legal concept approach. Historical approach. The sources of legal materials used in this study are primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. Legal Materials Collection Techniques that the author uses in this study is a literature study data collection technique. Based on the legal materials obtained and then analyzed, then used the technique of processing legal materials in a qualitative descriptive manner. The conclusion of this study is that the regulation of the wage system in Law No. 11 of 2020 concerning job creation is the type of wages reduced where there are several points missing from the Manpower Act, the component of decent living is not included where the Job Creation Act eliminates these points in provisions for determining minimum wages and years of service are not considered in the Job Creation Act. Then the determination of the wages of workers based on article 88 c of Law No. 11 of 2020 concerning job creation only provides for the obligation to determine the minimum wage at the provincial level, while at the district/city level it is optional or optional. In fact, the provincial minimum wage is the lowest minimum wage among all district/city minimum wages in the province.
THE MAPPING OF ACTION VERBS IN ‘PELUKIS’ TRANSLATED INTO ‘PAINTER’
Authors: Dewa Made Agustawan
Published: March 2024

This research focus on the translation of action verbs applying the Natural Semantic Metalanguge (NSM) approach proposed by Wierzbicka (1996), in case where the source language is Indonesia and the target language is English. Meanwhile, descriptive qualitative approach was applied in which the data were analyzed by explaining descriptively in paraphrases. Initially, the action verbs were identified in both source language (SL) text and target language (TL) text. Then, the meanings of the action verbs were mapped comprehensively into English by adopting exponential mapping technique and explication. The action verbs are derived from the small collection of semantic primitive 'DO' which is categorized as the prototypical concept of ACTION; DO, HAPPEN, MOVE, PUT, and GO.
Anterior One- and Two-Level Cervical Corpectomy and Fusion for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Doğu Hüseyin
Published: March 2024

Anterior servikal korpektomi, servikal myelopatik spondilopatinin cerrahi tedavisinde spinal kordun dekompresyonunu sağlamak için kullanılan yaygın bir omurga cerrahisi prosedürüdür. Bu çalışmanın amacı bir ve iki seviye anterior servikal korpektominin klinik,radyolojik sonuçlarını ve komplikasyonlarını araştırmaktır.

2006 -2022 yılları arasında bir ve iki seviyeli anterior servikal korpektomi cerrahisi uygulanan servikal spondilotik myelopati hastaları rekrospektif olarak değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Birincil olarak vakaların sonuçları klinik olarak vizüel analog skala (VAS) ile ölçülen boyun ağrısı ile, radyolojik olarak sagittal c2-c7 ve T1 slope açısı üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir. İkincil olarak sonuçlar komplikasyonlar ve füzyon açısından değerlendirilmiştir.

Bir seviyeli korpektomi grubunda 16, iki seviyeli korpektomi grubunda 9 hasta yer aldı ve toplam 25 hastaya anterior servikal korpektomi uygulanmıştır. Her iki grubun postoperatif vas değerleri preoperatife göre anlamlı derecede azalmıştır. (p=0,001; p0,05) İki seviye grubundaki olguların ameliyat süresi, bir seviye grubundan istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde uzun saptanmıştır (p=0,007; p
The Relationship Between Living with Family and Clinical, Demographic, and Laboratory Characteristics in Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: Şahin Emine Tuğçe , Yılmaz Öztekin Gülsüm Meral , Genç Ahmet , Şahin Anıl
Published: March 2024

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive clinical syndrome associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It is known that during the course of this syndrome, social factors can impact clinical outcomes alongside medical interventions. Studies have demonstrated that social support provides favorable developments in mortality rates, event-free survival, and readmission rates in HF patients. In our study, we aimed to elucidate the effects of the concept of family, the most significant social support, on clinical characteristics, exercise capacity, echocardiographic, and laboratory features in HF cases.

A multicenter cohort study was conducted, including 303 patients previously diagnosed with HF, following current guidelines and presenting for outpatient follow-up. Patients with a new diagnosis of HF, those with acute decompensated HF, and those with a history of malignancy were excluded from the study. Demographic data (age, gender), comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, etc.), HF treatments, laboratory tests, and detailed transthoracic echocardiography results were recorded.

Patients were divided into two groups based on whether they lived with a spouse, parent, child, or without any of them, defining the presence or absence of family support. In the study, 303 patients with an average age of 62.1±13.0, of which 94 (31%) were female, were included. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 28.7±8.1. When the groups were compared in terms of comorbidities, there was no statistically significant difference in the presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stroke, or atrial fibrillation (all p>0.005). Coronary artery disease was more frequently observed in the group with family support, while chronic kidney disease was more common in the group without family support (p=0.008 and p=0.012, respectively). Smoking prevalence was significantly higher in the group without family support, while alcohol use showed no significant difference (p=0.046 and p=0.602, respectively). Analyzing the results, it was observed that patients with family support were more regularly monitored for HF reasons (71% vs. 59%, p=0.054).

It has been observed that the social support provided by family members in individuals with HF can have positive effects on the clinical course of the disease and the patient's lifestyle.
DETERMINATION OF SERUM INTERLEUKIN-36 ALPHA, BETA, GAMMA AND INTERLEUKIN-17 LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE MYELOMA
Authors: Yıldız Bilge Nesibe , Terzi Hatice , Dogan Halef Okan , Kablan Demet , Şencan Mehmet
Published: March 2024

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by bone marrow infiltration of clonal plasma cells. Today, there is no treatment for obtaining a complete cycle for MM. IL-36 is a cytokine composed of three agonists named alpha, beta, and gamma. Its increase in inflammation has been proven in the literature. It is also reported that IL-17 plays a role in some rheumatologic and malignant diseases together with inflammation.

The aim of the study is to figure out the roles, if any, of IL-36 and IL-17 in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma depending on their known physiology and to contribute to the literature to find new treatment options.

33 newly diagnosed MM patients who had never received any treatment and 33 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Basic laboratory parameters and interleukin levels in myeloma patient group and healthy group were included in the study.

In the study, it was found that IL-36 alpha, beta, gamma, and IL-17 levels were statistically significantly lower in the disease group when compared to the healthy group. A negative correlation was found between IL-17 measurement and beta-2 microglobulin. Therefore, it was thought that IL-17 may be a marker to predict prognosis.

In conclusion, we think that IL-36 and IL-17 may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of myeloma and IL-36 alpha and IL-17 may be associated with prognosis. However, there is a need for more comprehensive studies.
Mapping saltwater intrusion via Electromagnetic Induction (EMI) for planning a Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) facility in Maltese Island
Authors: De Carlo Lorenzo , Turturro Antonietta Celeste , Caputo Maria Clementina , Sapiano Manuel , Mamo Julian , Balzan Oriana , Galea Luke , Schembri Michael
Published: March 2024

In coastal areas, saltwater intrusion causes a depletion of the resource by reducing potable and irrigation freshwater supplies and causing severe deterioration of groundwater quality. This trend is observed in Pwales Valley, in the North part of Malta where the management of water resources plays a crucial role for the environmental sustainability of the area, given the importance of intensive agricultural activity along this valley. In order to tackle such phenomenon, actions or adaptation measures against climate change are strongly required. For example, Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) is an increasingly important water management strategy to maintain, enhance and secure stressed groundwater systems and to protect and improve water quality. To accurately plan a Managed Aquifer Recharge scheme, it is crucial to define a hydrogeological model of the studied area, with the use of traditional hydrogeological measurements and innovative unconventional techniques. In recent years, Electromagnetic Induction measurements, based on induction of em fields, have been increasingly used for investigating the saltwater intrusion dynamics due to their high sensitivity to the salinity. In the study area of Pwales Valley, a Managed Aquifer Recharge scheme is being planned and, for this aim, a hydrogeological model has been developed through an Electromagnetic Induction survey. More than 20,000 apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) data were collected to generate a quasi 3D high-resolution model of electrical conductivity of the Pwales Valley. The results highlighted the spatial extension of the tongue-shape salt water intrusion from east to west along the valley, as well as some geological-hydrogeological peculiarities such as the thickness of the salt wedge and the irregular top surface of the bottom impermeable layer, otherwise undetectable with other direct techniques at the field scale resolution. The approach was confirmed to be a useful tool for an effective hydrogeological characterisation, essential for planning adaptation measures to a changing climate, such as the implementation of a Managed Aquifer Recharge scheme.
[The activity plan for the realization of the Hydrogeological Map of Italy at 1:500,000 scale]
Authors: Gafà Rossella Maria , La Vigna Francesco , Camera Corrado Alberto Sigfrido , Martarelli Lucio , Monti Gennaro Maria , Roma Mauro , Silvi Angelantonio , Vitale Valerio , Congi Maria Pia , Lo Faro Stefano , Citrini Andrea , Beretta Giovanni Pietro
Published: March 2024

[Article in Italian]

Le attività avviate per la realizzazione di una Carta Idrogeologica d’Italia alla scala 1:500.000
PELAYANAN KESEHATAN PRIMER SEBAGAI GATEKEEPER DAN KEBIJAKAN DISKUSI PEER REVIEW: ANTARA KUALITAS DAN REALITAS UNTUK MENURUNKAN KASUS RUJUKAN NON SPESIALISTIK
Authors: Zahrina Zahrina , Ramadhani Royasia Vicky , Hulwah Khairun Nisa il , Nurlatifah Siti , Andalan Aldi , Gani Ascobat , Kurniawaty Golda , Setiawan Ery
Published: March 2024

Hampir 80% sumber dana Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) dibelanjakan dalam klaim di Fasilitas Kesehatan Rujukan Tingkat Lanjutan (FKRTL). Keadaan ini mengindikasikan kegagalan fungsi gatekeeper di pelayanan kesehatan primer. Kapitasi berbasis kinerja diterapkan untuk memastikan biaya dan kualitas layanan primer dengan tingkat rujukan non-spesialis (RNS) sebagai salah satu parameter khusus. Kebijakan peer review merupakan diskusi antara BPJS Kesehatan, Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten/Kota, Asosiasi Profesi dan Fasilitas kesehatan, Tim Kendali Mutu dan Kendali Biaya (KMKB) provinsi dan cabang serta stakeholder lain yang relevan untuk menentukan diagnosis yang wajib ditangani di FKTP. Hal ini dilakukan untuk mengakomodir dan meningkatkan kemampuan FKTP menangani pasien dan meminimalisir kasus rujukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi implementasi diskusi peer review dan menggali lebih dalam kendala, tantangan dan potensi dari kebijakan peer review untuk mengoptimalkan fungsi gatekeeper FKTP. Metode penelitian, yaitu kualitatif dengan melakukan wawancara mendalam, FGD dan tinjauan literatur. Secara umum kebijakan peer review cukup baik dalam upaya megendalikan kasus rujukan terutama RNS. Namun, hasil evaluasi implementasi kebijakan “diskusi peer review” pada aspek komunikasi adalah masih kurangnya sosialisasi mengenai tata laksana rujukan berjenjang. Sumber daya terutama tenaga, alat dan obat masih belum memadai di FKTP untuk menjalankan kesepakatan peer review. Mekanisme pembayaran menjadi hal penting, misalnya kapitasi menyesuaikan risiko dan kapasitas FKTP ataupun mekanisme insentif. Penetapan PPK pada FKTP, batas dan wewenang medis yang jelas FKTP dan FKRTL. Serta peran, kerjasama dan koordinasi stakeholder perlu ditingkatkan dalam memperkuat prasyarat infrastruktur FKTP.
Task-anchored grid cell firing is selectively associated with successful path integration-dependent behaviour
Authors: Clark Harry , Nolan Matthew F
Published: March 2024

Grid firing fields have been proposed as a neural substrate for spatial localisation in general or for path integration in particular. To distinguish these possibilities, we investigate firing of grid and non-grid cells in the mouse medial entorhinal cortex during a location memory task. We find that grid firing can either be anchored to the task environment, or can encode distance travelled independently of the task reference frame. Anchoring varied between and within sessions, while spatial firing of non-grid cells was either coherent with the grid population, or was stably anchored to the task environment. We took advantage of the variability in task-anchoring to evaluate whether and when encoding of location by grid cells might contribute to behaviour. We find that when reward location is indicated by a visual cue, performance is similar regardless of whether grid cells are task-anchored or not, arguing against a role for grid representations when location cues are available. By contrast, in the absence of the visual cue, performance was enhanced when grid cells were anchored to the task environment. Our results suggest that anchoring of grid cells to task reference frames selectively enhances performance when path integration is required.
Neurophysiological trajectories in Alzheimer’s disease progression
Authors: Kudo Kiwamu , Ranasinghe Kamalini G , Morise Hirofumi , Syed Faatimah , Sekihara Kensuke , Rankin Katherine P , Miller Bruce L , Kramer Joel H , Rabinovici Gil D , Vossel Keith , Kirsch Heidi E , Nagarajan Srikantan S
Published: March 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β and misfolded tau proteins causing synaptic dysfunction, and progressive neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Altered neural oscillations have been consistently demonstrated in AD. However, the trajectories of abnormal neural oscillations in AD progression and their relationship to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline are unknown. Here, we deployed robust event-based sequencing models (EBMs) to investigate the trajectories of long-range and local neural synchrony across AD stages, estimated from resting-state magnetoencephalography. The increases in neural synchrony in the delta-theta band and the decreases in the alpha and beta bands showed progressive changes throughout the stages of the EBM. Decreases in alpha and beta band synchrony preceded both neurodegeneration and cognitive decline, indicating that frequency-specific neuronal synchrony abnormalities are early manifestations of AD pathophysiology. The long-range synchrony effects were greater than the local synchrony, indicating a greater sensitivity of connectivity metrics involving multiple regions of the brain. These results demonstrate the evolution of functional neuronal deficits along the sequence of AD progression.
An in vitro approach reveals molecular mechanisms underlying endocrine disruptor-induced epimutagenesis
Authors: Lehle Jake D , Lin Yu-Huey , Gomez Amanda , Chavez Laura , McCarrey John R
Published: March 2024

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as bisphenol S (BPS) are xenobiotic compounds that can disrupt endocrine signaling due to steric similarities to endogenous hormones. EDCs have been shown to induce disruptions in normal epigenetic programming (epimutations) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that predispose disease states. Most interestingly, the prevalence of epimutations following exposure to many EDCs persists over multiple generations. Many studies have described direct and prolonged effects of EDC exposure in animal models, but many questions remain about molecular mechanisms by which EDC-induced epimutations are introduced or subsequently propagated, whether there are cell type-specific susceptibilities to the same EDC, and whether this correlates with differential expression of relevant hormone receptors. We exposed cultured pluripotent (iPS), somatic (Sertoli and granulosa), and primordial germ cell-like (PGCLC) cells to BPS and found that differential incidences of BPS-induced epimutations and DEGs correlated with differential expression of relevant hormone receptors inducing epimutations near relevant hormone response elements in somatic and pluripotent, but not germ cell types. Most interestingly, we found that when iPS cells were exposed to BPS and then induced to differentiate into PGCLCs, the prevalence of epimutations and DEGs was largely retained, however, >90% of the specific epimutations and DEGs were replaced by novel epimutations and DEGs. These results suggest a unique mechanism by which an EDC-induced epimutated state may be propagated transgenerationally.
Empowering Women: E-Shakti's Impact on Self-Help Groups Digitization and Financial Inclusion in India
Authors: Sarawagi Aditi , Singh M. Sanjoy
Published: March 2024

The study assesses the influence of the National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development’s (NABARD) Project E-Shakti on the digitization of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) and the economic position of women in India. The study evaluates the project's outcomes using data from NABARD's Status of Microfinance in India reports from 2007-08 to 2022-23. The number of SHGs credit linked, savings of SHGs, loans disbursed to them, loans outstanding against them, and non-performing assets (NPA) were the variables considered for the study. Trend analysis and correlation were applied to the available data. For the analysis of the data, the Python algorithm was used. The study's findings indicate that Project E-Shakti intensely boosted the number of districts served and SHGs linked to formal finance, reducing their dependency on informal sources. The project also resulted in a significant increase in loan disbursement to SHGs, indicating enhanced financial sustainability and accessibility. The digitization of SHGs improved women's economic conditions by allowing them to engage in income-generating activities. The programme helped to reduce non-performing assets, signifying its beneficial impact on the financial health of SHGs. Refinance to Non-Banking Financial Companies- Microfinance Institutions (NBFC-MFIs) showed a boost after E-Shakti but then a volatile pattern was observed in the subsequent years. Project E-Shakti was a success in terms of promoting digitization, increasing financial inclusion, and improving women's economic empowerment in SHGs. To maximize the long-term benefit of digitization programmes, the study proposes increasing their scope, investing in digital literacy training, and enhancing monitoring and evaluation procedures.
Spectrum of Genetics Variations, Association, Path Coefficient Analysis in Green Gram (Vigna radiata L. wilzeck)
Authors: Vardhan Mallela Harsha , Kalpesh Raval , Delvadiya I. R. , Ginoya A. V. , Kumar Annavarapu Kiran
Published: March 2024

The high protein content and ability of Vigna radiata L. Wilczek, sometimes known as the mung bean, to fix nitrogen in the soil make it a highly significant pulse crop. The most challenging feature, seed yield is greatly influenced by the environment and other factors. This interpretation states that the study's goal was to evaluate the relationships between 22 distinct genotypes of mung beans in terms of yield and yield-attributing traits. Research on variations in genetics identified that there was a fair level of diversity among the 22 genotypes. Secondary branches had the highest PCV and GCV, followed by grain yield. The characters, 50% flowering, days to reproductive phase, days to maturity, plant height (cm), pods per plant, length of the pod, seeds per pod, primary branches, secondary branches, clusters per plant, grain yield (g), 100 seed weight (g) had shown high heritability combined with genetic advance as percent mean. Pod length, cluster per plant, primary branches, seeds per pod, and 100 seed weight pod length were shown as a highly significant and positive correlation. cluster per plant, plant height, seeds per pod, and reproductive phase explained the highest positive direct effect on seed yield, as shown by the analysis of path coefficients. Therefore, to increase the seed yield of green gram, these traits 50% flowering, days to reproductive phase, days to maturity, plant height (cm), pods per plant, length of the pod, seeds per pod, primary branches, secondary branches, clusters per plant, grain yield (g), 100 seed weight (g) must be focused on in developing a breeding strategy.
The Impact of Climate Change on Future Ground Operations
Authors: Lee Taejin , Park Sanghwan , Park Suyeon , Kim Minji , Kang Gyeongmin , Hwang Jaedon , Kim Sung
Published: March 2024

The information about battlefield environment changes and operational impacts on Korean Peninsula due to climate change is essential for national defense. In this study, the future impact of four ground operations was analyzed by using the national climate change standard scenario based on the IPCC 6th report. As a result, it was analyzed that the number of operational-limited days for ambush and airlift operations would decrease, making the operational environment favorable. However, the operational environment unfavorable as the number of operational-limited days for crossing and reconnaissance operations increase, but the number is not large so much.
A Study on Predicting Installation Scale of Photovoltaic Panels and Hydrogen Fuel Storage Facilities to Achieve Net Zero Carbon Emissions Exploiting Idle Sites of Military Bases
Authors: Moon Donghak , Heo Jiyong
Published: March 2024

In this study, the scale of renewable photovoltaic(PV) panels and hydrogen fuel storage facilities required to achieve “net zero carbon emissions” in military facilities were predicted based on actual electricity consumption. It was set up to expect the appropriate installation size of PV panel and hydrogen fuel storage facility for achieving carbon neutrality, limited to the electricity consumption in the public sector, including national defense and social security administration in Yeongcheon. The experimental results of this paper are largely composed of two parts. First, representative meteorological factors were considered to predict solar power generation in the Yeongcheon area, and solar power generation was estimated through a multiple regression model using deep learning techniques. Second, the size of solar power generation facilities and hydrogen storage facilities in military bases was estimated with the amount of solar power generation and electricity consumption. As a result of this analysis, it was calculated that a site of 155.76×104 m2 for PV panels was needed and a facility capable of storing 27,657 kg of hydrogen gas was required. Through these results, it is meaningful to demonstrated the prospect that military units can lead the achievement of “carbon net zero 2050” by using PV panels and hydrogen fuel storage facilities on idle sites of military bases.
Development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle System Integration Laboratory(UAV SIL) for the Integrated Verification
Authors: Shim Jae Ick , Hee Chae Hee Chae , Kim Sang Jin , Jung Sang Jun
Published: March 2024

This paper describes the results of the development of the the unmanned aerial vehicle system integration laboratory(UAV SIL) for the integrated verification. This UAV SIL is designed to test the robustness of the UAV system including the operational logics and the flight control system behaviors under many abnormal and emergency conditions such as data-link losses, airborne subsystem failures, engine shut down conditions, and ground control station faults.This paper presents how to build the UAV SIL and how to verify the in-development UAV system through the UAV SIL.
An Analysis of the Determinants of Government-Funded Defense Companies using a Decision Tree
Authors: Jeon Gowoon , Baek Seulah , Jeon Jeonghwan , Yoo Donghee
Published: March 2024

This study attempted to analyze the factors that influence the participation of beneficiary companies in the government’s defense industry promotion support project. To this end, experimental data were analyzed by constructing a prediction model consisting of highly important variables in beneficiary company decisions among various company information using the decision tree model, one of the data mining techniques. In addition, various rules were derived to determine the beneficiary companies of the government’s support project using the analysis results expressed as decision trees. Three policy measures were presented based on the important rules that repeatedly appear in different predictive models to increase the effect of the government’s industrial development. Using the analysis methods presented in this study and the determinants of the beneficiary companies of the government support project will help create a sustainable future defense industry growth environment.
Selective Immobilization of Nanoparticles on Surfaces by Molecular Recognition using Simple Multiple H‐bonding Functionalities
Authors: van den Brom C. R. , Arfaoui I. , Cren T. , Hessen B. , Palstra T. T. M. , De Hosson J. T. M. , Rudolf P.
Published: July 2007

Using a complementary pair of simple alkylthiolates with hydrogen‐bonding moieties, functionalized Au55 clusters could be selectively deposited onto self‐assembled monolayers on gold that carry the opposite functionality. The deposition can be readily controlled by the medium in which the clusters are dissolved and by the density of the functionalities in the self‐assembled monolayers, and yields single clusters as well as two‐dimensional cluster assemblies on the surface. The clusters are sufficiently strongly bound to give structures that are stable at ambient temperature, and that allow scanning tunneling spectroscopy on single clusters on the surface.
Humeral torsion revisited: A functional and ontogenetic model for populational variation
Authors: Cowgill Libby W.
Published: July 2007

Anthropological interest in humeral torsion has a long history, and several functional explanations for observed variation in the orientation of the humeral head have been proposed. Recent clinical studies have revived this topic by linking patterns of humeral torsion to habitual activities such as overhand throwing. However, the precise functional implications and ontogenetic history of humeral torsion remain unclear. This study examines the ontogeny of humeral torsion in a large sample of primarily immature remains from six different skeletal collections (n = 407). The results of this research confirm that humeral torsion displays consistent developmental variation within all populations of growing children; neonates display relatively posteriorly oriented humeral heads, and the level of torsion declines steadily into adulthood. As in adults, variation in the angle ofhumeral torsion in immature individuals varies by population, and these differences arise early in development. However, when examined in the context of the developing muscles of the shoulder complex, it becomes apparent that variation in the angle of humeral torsion is not necessarily related to specific habitual activities. Variability in this feature is more likely caused by a generalized functional imbalance between muscles of medial and lateral rotation that can be produced by a wide variety of upper limb activity patterns during growth. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.