bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The reality of the marketing of tourist sites in the wilaya of Setif and the prospects for its development
Authors: Boumelit Anouar , Kourtel Farid
Published: June 2023

The tourism industry brings together all the economic activities and the agents exercising in the sector of accommodation services, reservation or organization of stay, travel, vacation or leisure for local or foreign consumers, this industry is focused on tourist sites while relying on tourist marketing techniques, therefore we have set our objective to shed light on the reality of marketing of tourist sites in the wilaya of Setif and the prospects for its development. We therefore went through interviews with the staffof the tourism directorate of the wilaya of Setif, so we analysed statistical documents concerning tourism in the same region. From the above, we conclude that the existing tourist sites in Sétif are sufficient to make it a destination of choice; however the tourism department of the wilaya of Setif does not adopt effective marketing strategies to attract tourists
The Relationship of Workplace Incivility With Job Satisfaction And Turnover Intentions Among Nurses Working In The Public Hospital Institution- El Houari Boumediene- Chalghoum Eid-Mila
Authors: Kadri Meriem , Maayach Amira , Bouzenoura Asma
Published: June 2023

The study aimed to examine the relationship of workplace incivility to job satisfaction and employees’ turnover intentions among nurses working in the public hospital institution El Houari Boumediene Chalghoum Eid-Mila.In order to achieve this, the descriptive approach and the questionnaire tool were used, which were distributed to a random sample of 63 male and female nurses. In order to analyze the results, the program (spss.v.19) was used. The results showed a low level of workplace-incivility among nurses at the Houari Boumediene Hospital - Chalghoum Eid, and the existence of a negative and significant relationship between workplace-incivility and job satisfaction, and a positive, non-significant relationship between workplace-incivility and intentions to leave the job.
Expanding Popular Participation in Achieving Solidarity and Social Development Through Waqf Investment Funds - The Experience of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia -
Authors: Cheriak Rafik
Published: June 2023

Through this research, we tried to show the role played by the endowment - as an Islamic financial institution that represents one of the most important components of the third sector - in supporting solidarity among members of society and achieving social development. To develop endowment funds and activate its role, we find the idea of endowment investment funds, as the latter helps to expand the areas of endowment and encourage individuals to participate in it, leading to the achievement of solidarity and development within society. Arab and Islamic level
The Impact of Oil Price Fluctuations on Inflation in Algeria during the period (1990-2021)
Authors: Amroun Wissame , Smaali Faouzi
Published: June 2023

This research paper aims to know the impact of oil price fluctuations on inflation in Algeria during the period from 1990 to 2021 using an autoregressive Var model. Where after examining the stability of the time series of the variables under study, it was found that they are stable at the first differences. After doing the Engel and Granger co-integration test, it was found that there is no long-term co-integration relationship between oil prices and the inflation rate, which made us rely on the autoregressive model. The study concluded with a set of results, namely the absence of a causal relationship between the two variables during the study period, in addition to the fact that the impact of oil price fluctuations on inflation amounted to a large percentage estimated at 74%, while the remaining percentage was caused by other factors.
Enhancing Food Security by Moving towards a Sustainable Agricultural System: A Case Study of Algeria in Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Draou Azzeddine
Published: June 2023

This study searches to analyze the mutual effects of the food security and agriculture sectors in Algeria, especially in light of the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as to study the various programs and funds that Algeria has harnessed to enhance its food security by upgrading the agricultural sector and ensuring its sustainability. The study concluded the need to take care of the sustainability of the agricultural system by preserving the environment and ensuring the rights of future generations to the same extent that guarantees abundantagricultural production, which would enhance Algeria's ability to provide food and improve the quality of life for individuals, especially in light of the Covid-19 pandemic. Also, the study concluded several strategic proposals to support the Agriculture Division in Algeria, along with financing programs that allow the sustainability of the sector in order to enhance food security.
The Contribution of Venture Capital as an Innovative Mechanism for Financing Start-ups: Studying the Experience of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Amina Boughiout , Ali Djekrif
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to know the extent of the contribution of venture capital as an innovative financing mechanism in financing startups by presenting the experience of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, where the most important concepts related to startups and venture capital were addressed, and for this, we relied on the Descriptive analytical method. The study found that venture capital is a good financing alternative for startups, especially in times of crisis, as it has experienced significant growth during the coronavirus crisis, and this is due to its connection to technology institutions that witnessed a significant expansion due to the circumstances imposed by this crisis, also, it contributes to financing the various stages of their life cycle, especially the early stage, in addition, this mechanism pays more attention to sectors with high growth potential such as the e-commerce sector and the financial technology sector.
Accounting measurement of Balance Sheet items according to the financial accounting system
Authors: Zine Abdelmalek
Published: June 2023

The primary objective of this study is to highlight the reality of the accounting measurement of budget items in the light of the implementation of the financial accounting system, in addition to illustrating the extent to which this measurement contributes to preparing and providing a clear picture of the institution's situation by offering credible and decision-making-capable information. A descriptive-analytical research method is used to achieve the research objectives. The results indicated that the Algerian telecom direction of Khenchela city depends mainly on the historical cost of measuring the budget elements, which makes the accounting value of this society differ from the market value of its parts, and consequently negatively affects the users of accounting information.
A Critical Study on Measurement Models in the Financial Accounting System Compared to International Financial Reporting Standards: Correcting Concepts and Terms in the Arabic Version
Authors: Akkush Muhammed Amine
Published: June 2023

This study aims to shed light on the accounting measurement bases adopted by the Financial Accounting System "SCF", which is the main source of accounting principles and rules in Algeria, and compare it with the equivalent in the International Financial Reporting Standards "IFRS". where the study concluded that the financial accounting system needs a linguistic review and conceptual review, and corrections with regard to some definitions, as there is a clear difference between these definitions and what the international standards have stated, especially with the continuous amendments to the conceptual framework of international reporting standards.
The Impact of Knowledge Management on the Creative Abilities of Employees: A Field Study at the African Company of Glass – Jijel [In Arabic]
Authors: Boukerrit Farouk , Chorfi Moncef
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to identify the impact of knowledge management on the creative abilities of employees of the African Company of Glass - Jijel, where the study included dimensions of the Knowledge Management, which are: Knowledge diagnosis, knowledge generation, knowledge storage, knowledge sharing, knowledge application, in addition dimensions associated with the creative abilities of employees, by relying on the descriptive analytical method as a methodology of the study, And the questionnaire as an essential tool in collecting study data from a sample of 65 workers. They were chosen at random, the study concluded that the level of knowledge management processes in the African Company Glass - Jijel was weak in all its dimensions, and there is a positive impact of knowledge management processes on the creative abilities of employees in the Company. In light of the findings, the study recommended the need to pay attention to improving knowledge management processes and enhancing the creative capabilities of employees and working to develop them at the African Company of Glass - Jijel.
The Reality of the Availability of Dimensions of Quality of Work Life in the Directorate of Electricity and Gas Distribution in the Wilaya of El Bayadh from the Viewpoint of Workers [In Arabic]
Authors: Zekri Cherifa , Benchohra Madani
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to identify the availability of dimensions of quality of work life at the Directorate of Electricity and Gas Distribution in the Wilaya of El Bayadh from the viewpoint of workers, To achieve the study's objectives a questionnaire was developed, which consisted of 36 items and was divided into 5 dimensions.  And the results were as follows: The level of quality of work life in the Directorate of Electricity and Gas Distribution in the Wilaya of El Bayadh was average. There were no statistically significant differences between the responses of the sample members about the quality of work life due to personal and occupational characteristics (gender, age, scientific qualification, job classification and duration of work in the institution).
Istisna'a Contract as a Financing Tool for Industrial Clusters
Authors: Mousa Abu Eid    Qasim
Published: June 2023

The main objective of this study is to explore how the Istisna’ contract is used as a financing tool for industrial clusters, and how Istisna’ contracts are being used to overcome their problems to increase their effectiveness in the national economy. The study used the descriptive analytical approach to review the scientific literature of industrial clusters and the jurisprudential references to describe the Istisna’ contract and identify its role as a financing tool. As a conclusion, it was being found that Istisna’ contract is a flexible and effective financing tool that could be employed in financing and developing industrial clusters. Also it was recommended that, Islamic Banks adopt financing all components of the industrial clusters through Istisna contract.
Ajustement du cadre réglementaire en matière de politique de promotion et d'attraction des investissements directs étrangers en Algérie
Authors: Haid Zahia , Moukhfi Amine
Published: June 2023

L'investissement direct étranger (IDE) est au centre de la problématique de développement. Il occupe désormais une place de choix dans la plupart des pays du monde du fait de la convergence de deux préoccupations: celle des entreprises cherchant à s'internationaliser et celle des gouvernements qui cherchent à attirer de plus en plus de capitaux. Notre problématique est consacrée à connaitre quel politique de promotion des IDE l’Algérie a semblé guerre les investisseurs et proposer une contribution à l'identification des atouts d’Algérie dans la concurrence internationale pour attirer des IDE L’objet de cette recherche est de mettre en lumière des critères objectifs d'évaluation de l'attractivité de l’Algérie dans un contexte ou elle n’arrive pas à profiter des avantages offerts ni par sa proximité géographique avec l’Europe ni par ses réserves énergétiques pour attirer davantage de capitaux étrangers, A part le secteur des hydrocarbures et celui des télécommunications,
Employing artificial intelligence techniques as a mechanism to activate digital marketing: View global experiences
Authors: Alit Nassira
Published: June 2023

Given the rapid technological changes that organizations are experiencing today, the employment of digital technologies and the application of artificial intelligence in its activities has become necessary to survive in the market and face competitors and succeed on them, this is reflected in the experiences of most of the world's leading institutions. The research paper aims to try to know the importance of artificial intelligence in digital marketing and to present some of the leading experiences in it to benefit from. The study found that artificial intelligence has a prominent importance through many applications and many examples of brands that have successfully succeeded in outperforming their competitors and gaining the satisfaction of their customers using innovative marketing methods
Analysis of the global economic situation in light of the recession crisis and the war on Ukraine.
Authors: Laib Yassine , Laouar Sandra
Published: June 2023

The Covid 19 pandemic led to a global recession in 2020, and despite the rapid recovery of the global economy from it, the latter collided with the Russian invasion of Ukraine, which led to a slowdown in growth again; and the emergence of new crises such as the energy crisis and food insecurity. This research aims to highlight the policies for dealing with economic recession crises, and analyze the current conditions and the reasons that contributed to the decline in global economic indices. The study concluded that the spillovers from Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has accelerated the global economic slowdown, leading to high commodity prices, adding to supply disruptions, increasing food insecurity and poverty, exacerbating inflation .This contributed to increasing pressure and financial instability in various economies
An analytical study of the economic impact of the COVID pandemic and response policies: the case of the United States of America
Authors: Ahcene Said , Djessas Mohamed
Published: June 2023

The study aims at analyzing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on economy, and the response policies applied accordingly to reduce its effects, commencing with the international/global framework, and finishing with the real situation in the United States of America, through a context analysis of the impact and the containment policies, using a descriptive analytical approach, and within the time framework of the of events. The study concluded that a coordinated global effort must be made to support countries that currently do not have sufficient fiscal ground to finance the economic and social policy. For the United States, it is important to engage in a significant spending and investing in key areas of the economy, in order to reduceimpacts on the supply chains and the business sector
An analytical study of the status of the food gap for the main food commodities in Algeria during the period (2009-2020)
Authors: Laalem Lamia , Bennoune Khireddine
Published: June 2023

The study aims to present and analyze the food deficit for the most important food products in Algeria during the period 2009-2020; It concluded that Algeria recorded a deficit in the food trade balance during the study period because it imported most basic food products, whose world prices reached record prices, while it exports a very limited number of food products; The food deficit fluctuated during the study period, but it had a tendency to increase, reaching an average of 6502.52 million dollar. The largest fooddeficit suffered by Algeria is related to the group of cereals, with an average rate of 42.93%, of which wheat and flour contribute the largest percentage, estimated at 26.73%. Next comes the group of dairy products and its products with an average rate estimated at 19.39%, in which the milk product contributed the largest percentage 16.99%, the group of oils and fats 12.59%, the corn 12.67% and sugar 9.2%.These are widely consumed products, then red meat comes with 3.05%, total legumes 3.42%, total fruits 2.59%, barley1.98%, rice 1.07%, total vegetables 0.71%, fish 0.74%, eggs 0.03%. A situation that requires intensified efforts. In order to achieve sustainable agricultural development
Les conditions de l'excellence administrative dans les organisations des affaires: Etude descriptive et analytique
Authors: SAAL Soumia
Published: June 2023

Many organisations seek administrative excellence, but few are able to achieve this goal because the majority are not fully aware of the meaning of excellence because it is a systematic framework for development through a set of standards, these standards evolved with the development of management sciences. The interest in excellence is not recent, because there are many studies that have dealt with the concept of administrative excellence in the past, present and future that can be obtained by preference in performance, whether in product or service
The role of Research, Development, and Innovation Networks in the Support of the Transition to the Green Economy The case of ESCWA Arab Countries
Authors: OUSSALAH ABDELHALIME
Published: June 2023

L’importance de cette étude réside dans le fait qu’elle tente d’éclaircir l’impact de l’investissement dans les Réseaux de recherche et de développement et de l'innovation sur la transition vers un modèle d’économie verte. Nous avons opté pour une méthodologie descriptive et analytique afin d’offrir une image claire quant aux dimensions de ces investissements par rapport à la transition vers un nouveaux modèle économique. C’est pourquoi, la présente étude s’attarde sur le cas des Etats arabes de l'Organisation de la CESAO, en vue de mettre en oeuvre un processus de transition vers ce nouveau modèle économique qui s’inscrit dans le cadre des exigences du développement durable.
The Dialectic Relationship between Poetry Metrics and Meaning
Authors: Boufasse Abd elhamid
Published: June 2023

The present study investigates the relationship between poetry metrics and meaning by raising some issues of which metrics scholars and critics of Rhetoric were aware, but held diverging views about them. Not only so, even modern literary criticism has a vague and ambiguous conceptualization over this issue. Added to that, there is some disagreement between those who advocate the existence of an inherit relationship between metrics and meaning and others who deny it altogether. Building on this ground, this research work sets out to unravel some of the origins of this controversy within the classical Arabic heritage, and provide some interpretations –despite being different in the modern era- in order to vindicate informative function of metrics since it is considered as one of its main constituents. All this is done within an interactional-relationship framework that orchestrates between the text creator, the text and the recipient
Poetry, Religion, and Morals Essence - Relation and function - a reading in heritage -
Authors: Boukafa Abd elmalek amine
Published: June 2023

The subject of my article is the different artistic writings which harm religious feelings. In my article, I dealt with the attitudes of our critics about this topic, and I focused on Eldjordjani‘s quotation: “Poetry and religion are separated“. Through a deep understanding of this statement, I concluded that the aesthetic aspect of writings should not be at the expense of the cultural criticism of their content.
Analysis and assessment of emerging countries’ experience in local development strategy The case of Turkey for the period 2002-2015
Authors: Nassire Ahmed
Published: June 2023

This study seeks to shed light on the analysis and evaluation of localdevelopment strategy experience in emerging countries through the Turkishexperience in the light of the political and economic changes taking place in thecountry since 2002, which led to achieve the longest period of economic boomin the history of Turkey, foreign investment have been doubled according towhat they used to be, with more than four hundred billion dollars since 2002 -this is much more than what was invested in the last sixty years, in addition tothat, per capita income grew to about twelve-thousand US dollars to be tripledfrom what it was before. Moreover, various achievements have been realized inthe infrastructure, such as highway incision and bridge construction, and theprovision of electricity and running water, the unemployment and inflation havebeen reduced and the legal health insurance has been adopted; all actionsbenefiting in particular categories uneducated and low-incom
A proposed model for assessing performance of Algerian higher education institutions using the Sustainable Balanced Scorecard
Authors: CHARKI KHALLILE
Published: June 2023

Cette étude vise à proposer un modèle pour l'évaluation desinstitutions de l’enseignement supérieur, comme le plus important axepour juger de l'engagement de ces institutions pour obtenir les résultatsprédéfinis par les dépositaires, ce modèle proposé comprend cinqdimensions: dimension financière, dimension client, dimensionsprocessus internes, dimension apprentissage organisationnel, etdimension sociétale, ce qui est connu le tableau de bord prospectifdurable ou Sustainable Balanced Scorecard.Pour atteindre cet objectif nous avons élaboré les indicateurs deces cinq dimensions, qui sont canalisé sous la forme d'un questionnairedistribué à un échantillon de professeurs des universités algériennes,afin de tester ce modèle ou questionnaire et sa compatibilité avec laréalité en utilisant le programme Amos, l’étude a conclu à la fin lanécessité de développer un modèle équilibré (en se concentrant sur desdimensions et des indicateurs variés) pour évaluer la performance desinstitutions de l'enseignement supérieur
House of Entrepreneurship, as a mechanism to activate the idea of establishing small and medium enterprises among universities students - House of Entrepreneurship at Constantine University model -
Authors: Benjamaa Amina , Jarman Rbii
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study is to understand the role of the Houseof Entrepreneurship in activating the idea of establishing small andmedium institutions among universities students, After the universitygraduate was looking for a job, he became the one who creates andprovides jobs. This is achieved by integrating and linking the culture ofentrepreneurship with higher education programs, through which he canacquire various skills (professional, technical, managerial and personal),attitudes and behaviors, And the development of the entrepreneurial spirit,which carries with it the spirit of initiative and risk, and the culture of selfemployment..., which is developed and valued through the supportprograms that are created at the level of the university as the House ofEntrepreneurship, and the study concluded that the House of Contractorscontribute to enable students to enter Business world through providingtraining courses and business consultations and providing an integratedbusiness environment that helps them achieve and sustain their projects.
Media treatment of the problems of the environment in the Islamic sites across the Internet Network "Alukah" site model -An analytical study-
Authors: Menzel ghraba Zakia
Published: June 2023

This study aims to address the media treatment of the problems ofthe environment in the Islamic sites across the Internet the way, and wasselected for that network, "Alalokh" site model, and for this purpose ithas been the adoption of content analysis method for analyzing a sampleof the research community, and has led the study analytical to the set ofresults The most important are: Interesting site all the data of environmental problems and the predominance of Islamic discourse inaddressing these problems, what gives the impression that the environment is an important angle in the Islamic system, and with all that he could not site at addressing the problems of the environment can benefit from the online features in openness to other cultures on the grounds that the treatment language added a shadow on the Arabic language making it locked in the community where I was born.
Determinants of the money multiplier in Algeria Standard Study (M3 2015 - M1 2006)
Authors: Simohamed Kamel , Mokhtari Mostafa
Published: June 2023

This study examines the main determinants of money multiplier in Algeria using the ARDL model during the period M12006 –M03 2015. In this context, this paper focuses on the major sources to explain money multiplier trend in Algeria (Currency in Circulation, Sight Deposits with Banks, Reserve Requirement Ratio and Credits). Our results based on ARDL model establish that a stable long-run relationship exists between inflation and its determinants. Therefore, the impact of reserve requirement ratio has a negligible effect on money multiplier. Also, main finding indicate that a 1% increase of currency in circulation and credits variables would tend to depreciate the money multiplier by 0.2 and 0.15 respectively. Finally, I observe positive association between deposits withbanks and money multiplier.
The impact of oil price fluctuations on the growth of the economies of oil-exporting countries
Authors: Belkacem Manel
Published: June 2023

Oil price fluctuations are important factor affecting the global Economic growth. This study has concluded that these fluctuations affect in two different ways oil-exporting countries: first one is considered positive by increasing financial returns, hence resulting on an increasing economic growth across all sectors; while the second is considered negative due to lower financial returns and accompanying decline in economic growth rates.
Popular heritage: concept and sections
Authors: Nouadrya Karima , Zadam Souad
Published: June 2023

In this paper, theoretical concepts were introduced that could introduce a study of the effect of the heritage - especially popular -on the general life of man, as this kind of heritage is one of the creative genres that Dig deep into the human entity so that itbecomes an integral part of it. Even a solid support preserving its cultural and civilizational identity in the midst of currentchallenges and changes.
Women's entrepreneurship and its role in promoting tourism industry in Algeria
Authors: Djrebi ESSEBTI , Benkhdidja Moncef , BOUKHDENA Amina
Published: June 2023

The aim of this study is to highlight the role that women entrepreneurs can play in Algeria to develop the tourism industry by establishing institutions in areas that attract Algerian women , The results showed that women’s entrepreneurships more oriented towards the services, crafts and free professions sectors which are more compatible with the specificities and trends of Algerian women. Thus women’s entrepreneurship can be considered real lever for the development of tourism industry in Algeria. To women in Algeria and the tourism provided that they work to develop the entrepreneurial spirit of women through the dissemination of their tourism culture ; while lifting the bureaucratic and financial obstacles before them , and paying more attention
The role of national employment programs in the personal and professional development of job seekers in Algeria. – Study of the State of graduates of higher education who are placed under graduates insertion contract ( CID )in the secondary education inst
Authors: Smaili Mahmoud , Benamara Saida
Published: June 2023

The aim of this study was to diagnose the reality of the phenomenon of national employment programs in Algeria as one of the main axes of the national employment strategy .which qualifies it to be a vital and appropriate field that helps to understand the reality of these programs in all its dimensions. Especially the programs designated to the personal and professional development for graduates of the higher education.In this sense, this study attempted to answer the following main question:- What is the role of national employment programs in the personal and professional development of job seekers of graduates higher education?In order to answer this question, a number of hypotheses were formulated, analyzed and discussed. Descriptive methods were used. As for the place of study, it was determined in the secondary education institutions of wilaya of Mila. Data collection was distributed to all graduates of higher education placed in (CID) in secondary education institutions in the year of 2015.The most important findings were that the work in (CID) has contributed positively to their personal and professional development, which enabled them to settle and continue in this program.
The Impact of Job Satisfaction on the Quality of Hotel's services Field Study on a Sample of Three-star Hotels in Medea
Authors: Sakri Ayoub , Benaichaoui Ahmed
Published: June 2023

This study aims at identifying job satisfaction and its impact on the quality of hotel services by examining three star hotels in Medea. Whereas the challenges of reaching high quality services that meet the needs and wishes of customers are the extent to which the satisfaction of the employees can be achieved. In order to answer the problem presented and attain the objectives of the study, the researcher provided a theoretical basis on job satisfaction and the quality of hotel services. On the field side, a questionnaire was designed related to the subject of the study, which consisted of (34) statements about job satisfaction and quality of hotel services for collecting and analyzing data and testing the hypotheses using the SPSS22 package. Moreover, the sample of the study consisted of (44) hotels in Medea, after the analysis of the results, it was found that both the level of job satisfaction and the quality of hotel services in the studied institutions was acceptable, the study also found that there is a positive correlation between job satisfaction and the quality of hotel services in the studied institutions. Furthermore, the dimensions of job satisfaction are positively affecting the quality of hotel services provided.
The importance of the axes of TQM in higher education A prospective study from student’s point of view at the University of Khenchela
Authors: Badis Nabila
Published: June 2023

This study aims to demonstrate the importance of the application of the TQM in higher education institutions. The importance of this study is that it contains an analytical study of the TQM axes at the University of Abbas Lagrour Khanchela from the student’s point of view, in which it can be expanded and deepenedThe administration of universities and researchers in this field can benefit from it. From the questionnaire, we have also figured out that there is an enormous acceptance and satisfaction by the students on the existence of many quality features in the university under investigation.In this study, we recommend the necessity of benefiting from the concept of TQM and how to apply it for further progress in all domains of university education, through the working on achieving the student’s needs and desires , and to provide various qualified financial and human resources that increase the student’s level and allow to obtain qualified human frameworks. In addition to the work on enhancing the competitiveness ability of universities to face the external challenges and keep pace with the rapid developments of this time.
The role of the Entrepreneurial House in spreading entrepreneurial culture and thought in the university milieu as a tool to solve the problem of unemployment among university graduates - a case study of the Entrepreneurial House of Mila University Center
Authors: Bennoune Khireddine , Bourihane Farouk
Published: June 2023

This Article aimed to clarify the role of Entrepreneurship House indissemination the entrepreneurship culture in the universities, and try to findout the causes of high unemployment among graduate students, in order tomake proposals to reduce them. The study focused on EntrepreneurshipHouse at the university centre ABDULHAFID BOULOSOUF - Mila2 The descriptive approach was used by describing the most importantconcepts related to this study, and then presenting the important activities thatwere organized by Entrepreneurship House, and showing their impact on thedissemination the entrepreneurship culture at university centreABDULHAFID BOULOSOUF – Mila. It was found that the main reason for the high unemployment rateamong graduate students is due to the policy of the state in this field, inaddition to the lack of awareness among students about the importance ofinvestment orientation, and the necessary to adoption of entrepreneurialthinking as a new alternative to career, The Entrepreneurship House attachesgreat importance to spreading this awareness through the activities itorganizes annually for the benefit of students.
The critical terminology between the successful past and present crisis
Authors: Cherouana Moussa , Saaiud Fouzia
Published: June 2023

The richess of the Arabic language from scientific terminology has thepeculiarity of the past and the present. Its terms were a container for theterminology of the various sciences, where the ancients of critics andphilosophers were aware of its great importance. The critical term was aforce attributed to the energies of the expressive language that enabled it toassimilate the cultures of other nations, such as persians, greecs, Indians andthe Romans.From this point of view, our attention came to the Arabic critical term,trying to identify how it controls knowledge and reporting, and the extent ofthe ability of those working in this field to control the meanings of languagefunctions. Because of their effects on the general intellectual aspects. So whatis the reality of the Arabic critical term in this era? And why this retreat, thisdegragation and crisis?
Information and communication technology and good governance: the establishment of transparency of information and the Toward fight against corruption
Authors: Naouel Meghzili
Published: June 2023

This paper attempts to highlight the relationship between information technology and communication and good governance in the light of a set of principles, namely transparency and combating corruption , As well as the answer to the problematic: What is the extent of the contribution of information and communication technology in achieving information transparency and combating corruption? In order to answer this problematic, the concepts of the study will first be defined, then an analysis of the role of information and communication technology in establishing transparency and combating corruption. Finally, we have reached the conclusion that information and communication technologies can contribute to combating corruption by applying transparency in the work of government units by providing information For everyone
Environmental Issues and Major Powers
Authors: صبيحي شهيناز
Published: June 2023

This study attempts to analyze The nature of the dispute between the major powers in environmental matters by analyzing the strategic calculations of major powers and try out the Least bill and the greatest possible gains, This major powers trying to use negotiations and treaties on environmental issues as a way to expand their areas of influence and trying to adapt to this situation, rather than collapse.

The major powers have transformed the environmental issues You seek to protect the earth from environmental degradation is a priority for the negotiations and meetings To file as a bargaining strategy in the conflict on the energy resources in the profit and loss accounts for the states, So that the negotiations Turned from the global interest to the national interest and the geo-strategic accounts balances between nations.
Eloquence of Rhetoric in the Ancient Maghrebian Poetic Text "Poetry of Mohamed Eljazairy"
Authors: بوزيدي سليم
Published: June 2023

The present research paper aims at highlighting the elements of rhetorical formation in the poetic discourse of the Ancient Maghrebian poet Mohamed Eljazairy, where he incorporated the semantic level represented by metaphors, and the phonological level represented by the rhyme, the genus and the geometry of their voices in terms of features of expression and whispering.
Arab - Islamic culture and its relationship to education
Authors: Ferroum Hicham , Berkani Rida
Published: June 2023

Man is the creator, bearer and carrier of culture from generation to generation. This will not be done in isolation from education, which is part of the culture of society, but the various processes that enable culture to continue and develop are educational educational processes, in the sense that education is the backbone of culture. Culture is the spirit of education. Therefore, we must understand the successful methods and methods of education that lead us to preserve our identities and the roots of our societies and without erosion and extinction, through the creation of a generation imbued with the Arab-Islamic culture.
Confessions of Contemporary Western and Arab Critics of the Deconstructive Criticism Crisis
Authors: RAJAH Samia
Published: June 2023

The reader stands in this critical study at the most important theoretical and procedural problems that were riddled with the strategy of deconstructive criticism, and this is illustrated by shedding light on the total condemnations and oppositions to the dismantling, and the focus has been on distinguished critical flags, including what contributed to the establishment of this critical strategy The new; I mean the dismantling strategy, and among those critical Western flags we mention: Jacques Derrida, Jose Maria Bothwellwa Evancus, Leach, Howard Flearn, John Ellis, Leonard Jackson, Paul Deman and J. Lubran, Vedence Dunoye, and Maury Krieger. Among the contemporary Arab critics denouncing deconstructive criticism, we mention: Edward Said, Shuja Muslim, Bassam Qattoos, Abdel Aziz Ibn Arafa, Abdel Aziz Hamouda and Abdel Hamid Ibrahim.

    I would like to point out in this context that this study is not merely a tedious presentation or narration of these criticisms. We have worked on explaining it, describing it, and commenting on it critically, through which we aimed to present a future picture of the world of deconstructive criticism by presenting some new critical suggestions that would Restoration of the think tank, with its theoretical spurs and promising procedural perspectives.
The Ethics of Dealing with the Other, in the Thought of Prince El-Amir Abdelkader Al-Jazairi
Authors: مزهود سليم
Published: June 2023

This article aims to clarify the ethics of the convivial and behaviour with other in the thought of El-Amir Abdelkader Al-Jazairi, that gained him a high standing throughout history, until the enemy and friend confess by him , especially since El-Amir Abdelkader have a tolerant human ethics in adversity and when he is in a position of power, which contributed to spreading the idea of ​​peaceful coexistence and consolidating human rights principles before the birth of United Nations, which later taken many of these ethics. The question: What are these morals and principles, and where did they appear?To answer the question, the article is subject to the descriptive method.
The Meta-Narrative Work in the Tunisian Novel “Night Rituals, the First Generation” of Faraj El Hiwar-Case of Study
Authors: Benamira Zouina , Alatrache Rabah
Published: June 2023

The Tunisian novel has undergone، in the last millennium، some significant changes in the paradigm. These changes have touched its essential characteristics which have been considered as the most important modern standards of narration.

Amongst these changes: the manifestation the critical work inside the novel; i. e the métaroman.

      This paper aims at examining the concept of métaroman in the occidental and Arabic critics; so as to recognize its fundamentals and mechanism، which may answer the following question: what are the forms of métaroman in the novel “Night Rituals”? I have adopted a socio-textual method to study and analyze to reach the manifestations of métaroman، as well as to recognize the specificity of the use this technique in the work of “Faraj El Hiwar”.
The first beginnings of science morphology and its overlap with science grammar
Authors: Zeghbib Ghania
Published: June 2023

The aim throngh this research paper is to identify the rerhy beginnings of morphology and know the reasom of ist overlap with grammar, especially if we know that the ancient hterature and works comtaine morphology within the grammatical stidies as part of grammar which made the beginings of this science ; togther and no specific time was knownto it .we will tryin our research on the emergence of morphology and ist importance within arabic sciences in addition to the ovrlap of morphology and grammar among the ancients and contimation of this overlap among the modernists despite its imdepence
The Palestinian Triangle between Judaization and Annexation (1949-2020)
Authors: Djeber chamali Ilham
Published: June 2023

The subject of the study revolves around the Israeli concerns about the danger of the Arab demographic expansion on the future of the Jewishness of the state and the most important Israeli attitudesand projects towards the Palestinian Triangle from 1949 until 2020. The study is divided into three axes, preceded by an introduction, followed by a conclusion. The first axis dealt with the stages of theannexing process of the Triangle since (1948) in search of the newly established entity of Israel about a strategic depth by controlling the largest possible area of land with a security and strategic dimension. This axis also examines the Israeli motives behind the idea of abandoning the Triangle in favor of the Palestinian Authority. The second axis monitors Judaization projects in detail, in addition to shedding light on annexation projects, population exchange. Finally, the third axis discussed the role of the Israeli Studies Centers in Israeli decision-making, especially towards the process of annexing the Triangle to the Palestinian Authority, in addition to the factors affecting the decision to exchange lands and annexation between security and demographic justifications
Tattooing in Adolescent: Between Narcissism, Acting out and Alexithymia
Authors: Mohand Samir , Ismaili Yamna
Published: June 2023

This article is a study psychological of tattoo language at adolescence, and concluded that is an intimate symbolic experience in the teenager expresses his own feelings and identity. Moreover a desire to achieve his excellence, and repair of the containing function of the skin, and as guaranteeing a delimitation inside/ outside, it carries a narcissistic and erotic value in the body for the first subjects. Accompanied by acting out in the face of conflicts, with a state of alexithymia, as a psychological defense against pain
The Role of Health Services in Enhancing the Attractiveness of Cities, Case Study Of the University Hospital of Constantine 2019
Authors: Bourecherouche Meriem , Forttas Lahcene
Published: June 2023

Health services contribute to activating the attractiveness of cities, by increasing the number of populations flows to them, especially if they are linked to the factor of quality and abundance in the mother city with regional influence. The study aims to find out the level of attractiveness of the city of Constantine in health services within its general region and to research in order to find possible balances between the variables of the individual's life environment, in addition to achieving the highest level of acceptance and aspiration for the population. The attractiveness of cities ends in the result of polarization. Will this polarization serve the city, or does it turn into a social, solidarity role? To answer the aforementioned questions, we chose a systematic approach based on three axes: the attractiveness of the city between the theoretical framework and spatial accumulations, then the role of health services in the attractiveness of the city.Finally, the spatial dynamism of the city through the health functions of the University Hospital Center, Ben Badis, and its reflection on the city and its sphere of influence. The salient result is that the city of Constantine plays an important role

through its important strategic location, enabling it to be a center of distinguished vitality through the therapeutic services of the University Hospital Ben Badis.
Training and Development of Competencies as a Mechanism to Improve the Competitiveness of Organisations - TheCase of Sidal Group
Authors: merzouki Yasser
Published: June 2023

Competencies can contribute to building a structured model that can be used to integrate management practices throughout the organisation. By enhancing the harmonization of recruitment practices, performance management, training, development and rewards to improve the organisation's competitiveness. To achieve this, the study used a questionnaire consisting of 28 items to collect preliminary data from the sample of 239 researchers. The research hypotheses were formulated based on the collected data and tested using SPSS. This resulted in several conclusions. Most importantly, training plays a significant role in improving competency performance, which in turn contributes to enhancing the competitive advantage of the organisation. Hence, the paper concludes that there is a strong correlation between the development of competencies and competitive advantage.
The Mechanisms of Paradox Work in the Very Short Story A Reading in the "Jalalat Abdel-Jib" Collection by Said Butajine
Authors: Mouras Mounir
Published: June 2023

The “very short story” is considered as a new type of narrative literacy which clearly represents the new literacy features in the postmodern period that gives consideration to diversity, difference, disassembly, condensation and paradox; which seek to transcend reasonable perceptions and rational self-concept by adopting a diverse discourse that exceeds the knowledgeable and cultural fields and gives great importance to the reflective language of our ways of thinking and perceptions and our concepts. This language is keeping the pace of the rhythm of the era in which the creative literacy is associated with the revolution of information that is inclining to the rapid access to information and diversity in the methods of speech and presentation approachesdue to the great technological acceleration that has passed through the world and the profound changes that have taken place on many political, social and economic levels, and thus changing the form of discourse that has produced an alternative narration of the old long narration that has been replaced by a short narration that has adopted economy and density and employed new attributes to meet the needs of the recipient in the most accessible ways.

This research is based on two parts: (i) a theoretical discussion of the problems, visions and attitudes associated with the very short story and has been opened to discuss one of the postmodern issues represented by the paradox and (ii) an applied section focusing on the paradox as a characteristic and a prominent component of the very short story by working on stories collection "His Majesty the slave of the pocket” "Jalalat Abdel-Jib" of the Algerian narrator EssaïdBoutajine.