bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF A PROJECT-BASED LEARNING MODEL ON EXPOSITORY TEXT WRITING SKILLS
Authors: Sakaria Sakaria , Usman Usman , Febriyanti Vivi
Published: February 2025

This study aims to examine the effect of project-based learning model on the ability to write exposition text in class VIII SMPN 20 Bulukumba. This research is a type of quantitative research with pre-experimental design. The research design used in this study was one group pretest-posttest. The population in this study were 179 students of class VIII A SMP 20 Bulukumba. The sample in this study was 30 students. The data collection technique in this study was a test technique in the form of a writing task. The collected data were analysed with descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results showed that the project-based learning model had an effect on students' learning to write exposition texts. The project-based learning model can help students solve problems as well as provide opportunities for students to describe their creativity and help teachers to increase student learning motivation, think critically, and develop social skills, and achieve maximum exposition text writing ability.
A Dangerous Departure
Authors: Ely Yamin Alicia , Ochoa Sabrina
Published: February 2025

Governments from Argentina to the United States to Hungary and beyond are engaging in concerted efforts to assail and undermine sexual and reproductive rights that have long been understood as gendered interpretations of fundamental rights under international law. In this context, the recent decision by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in Beatriz v. El Salvador is a missed opportunity to consolidate the Court’s jurisprudence on sexual and reproductive health and rights and defend the legitimacy of international human rights law.
Voting from Abroad Ahead of Germany’s 2025 Snap Election
Authors: Socher Johannes , Girard Raphaël
Published: February 2025

Over the past few weeks, several reports have appeared in German media on expected challenges with postal voting from abroad ahead of Germany’s snap election scheduled for 23 February 2025. For example, the recent case of a German citizen living in South Africa highlighted that ballot papers will be sent to registered postal voters only in the first week of February, whereas normally this is done six weeks ahead of election day. We suggest that countries should formally allow and facilitate postal voting for citizens living abroad via their country’s diplomatic missions and official courier services.
Az ifjúságkutatás jövője a pandémia árnyékában
Authors: Kerpel-Fronius Balázs
Published: February 2025

Alakított-e ki újfajta generációs sajátságokat a pandémia időszaka a fiatalok körében, vagy egyszerűbben: beszélhetünk-e Covid-generációról? A maszkon túl: Generációs koronavírus- és válságmegélések vizsgálata több kutatási módszer együttes alkalmazásával című kötetükben ezt a kérdést teszik fel a szerzők: Böcskei Balázs, Fekete Mariann, Nagy Ádám és Szabó Andrea. A téma relevanciája megkérdőjelezhetetlen, a Covid-19 időszaka az összes társadalomtudományi diszciplínában számos új kérdést vetett fel, nem kivétel ez alól az ifjúságkutatás sem.
Interval Graphs and Proper Interval Graphs in Fuzzy and Neutrosophic Graphs
Authors: Fujita Takaaki , Smarandache Florentin
Published: February 2025

Interval graphs represent vertices as intervals on the real line, with edges denoting overlapping intervals, while proper interval graphs prevent one interval from being fully contained within another. This paper explores interval and proper interval graphs within the frameworks of fuzzy, neutrosophic, and Turiyam Neutrosophic graphs. We examine how these types of graphs can represent relationships involving uncertainty and imprecision, focusing on their properties and relationships.
HyperNeutrosophic Set and Forest HyperNeutrosophic Set with Practical Applications in Agriculture
Authors: Fujita Takaaki , Smarandache Florentin
Published: February 2025

The Neutrosophic Set provides a flexible mathematical framework for handling uncertainty by incorporating three distinct membership functions: truth, indeterminacy, and falsity [50]. In response to the growing complexity of real-world problems, advanced extensions such as the Hyperneutrosophic Set and the SuperHyperneutrosophic Set have been introduced. These extensions offer a higher dimensional approach to modeling uncertainty and can be formally defined in [33-36, 51, 32]. Since the Hyperneutrosophic Set and the SuperHyperneutrosophic Set have only been recently defined, there remains a lack of concrete examples demonstrating their applicability. This paper aims to bridge this gap by exploring practical examples of these concepts in the field of agriculture. Additionally, we introduce two novel extensions, the Forest Hyperneutrosophic Set and the Forest SuperHyperneutrosophic Set, which further generalize the existing models to accommodate hierarchical and interconnected uncertainty structures in complex systems.
Risk Modeling for Asset Returns with Stable Pareto Distribution and Mathematica Code
Authors: Christianto Victor , Smarandache Florentin
Published: February 2025

In sciences, it is known that normal distribution is often assumed, but there are fields where kurtosis or skewness effect happens for instance in financial markets. So we shall consider where does it come from? At this point we can consider for example Minsky instability hypothesis, but at the same time from practical view point, there is the black swan hypothesis of Nassim N. Taleb. We shall consider therefore how to consider risk modeling of asset returns with stable Pareto distribution. An outline of Mathematica code has been given too.  In finance, accurately modeling asset returns is crucial for risk management and investment decisions.
Analysis of Submersible Pumps Systems to Increase Their Efficiency, Reduce Their Carbon Emission, and Improve Their Ecological Footprint
Authors: Sándor Rostás , Judit Vancsó
Published: February 2025

The focus of this study is to present and discuss the results of an investigation in relation to the behavior of comparable submersible pumps under identical environmental circumstances under the influence of constantly changing operating conditions due to external effects. Changing operating conditions have a negative impact on energy efficiency and hydraulic performance, which shortens the longevity of submersible pumps, thereby downgrading both the carbon footprint of the application and the ecological footprint of the product. The aim of this study was to develop a test setup to simulate almost actual operating conditions such as in mining or tunnel construction and to record measurement data (primary data) with a smart control and monitoring system. As the applied methodology primary data (flow rate, flow pressure, power consumption, water level, horizontal and vertical vibration) were recorded over 10 weeks and evaluated by statistical analysis. The main objective of this study is to demonstrate, by means of statistical analysis, that changing operating conditions are closely related to the longevity (wear and tear) and the overall life cycle assessment of the application. A precise analysis of the application and a corresponding technical design based on the present study, in connection with a smart control system, will reduce the carbon footprint, and the ecological footprint will be permanently improved. For suppliers and for end users as well as for society, such intelligent systems which react accordingly to changing conditions are essential for the development of ecological and social sustainability as well as for economic efficiency.
Pengalaman pendampingan keluarga dalam merawat anggota keluarga dengan stroke di RS X
Authors: Ubaidillah Adhe , S Dewi Gemilang , Sonoyati Elisa , Intansari Intansari , Kharima Khaula , Nuraeni  , Warsito Tri Danu
Published: February 2025

Background: Globally, stroke is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability and affects people in lower-middle to low-income countries. For 15 years, stroke has caused many deaths and affected the socio-economic development of society. Around 800,000 people suffer from stroke each year, more than 140,000 people die, and those who recover from stroke experience disability (Mahendra B, V.I, 2021). Findings: Stroke in Asia is a disease that is a serious problem among other countries, considering that the human population in the Asian continent covers 60% of the world's population. Deaths from stroke in Asia are the highest compared to other countries, such as America and Australia. Japan, Singapore, Bangladesh, Papua New Guinea, and Bhutan are Asian countries with low stroke mortality rates, while Mongolia has the highest rate, which is 222.6 per 100,000 population per year, then Indonesia with a stroke mortality rate of 193.3 per 100,000 population per year, followed by North Korea and Myanmar (Venketasubramanian et al., 2017). Methods: This study uses a qualitative research method which is a method that focuses on interpretation and a scientific (naturalistic) approach to the research subject. Conclusion: Efforts are needed to increase the knowledge of families with stroke patients and the community regarding stroke prevention, one of which is by maintaining a diet, exercising, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle because stroke can attack all age groups and has symptoms that are almost not felt by sufferers. Further research will develop this research by providing innovations in the form of stroke prevention activities as research output so that the information provided can be useful for patient families as a reliable educational tool considering that stroke is a disease that can cause death number 3 after cancer and heart disease.
Solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) modifying coatings for enhanced lithium-ion battery stability
Authors: Malik Pratyush
Published: February 2025

This review explores solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) modifying coatings, which play a crucial role in enhancing the stability and safety of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The SEI forms on anodes during battery cycling, providing a protective layer that mitigates electrolyte degradation. However, its degradation over time leads to capacity loss, necessitating innovative coating solutions. Various materials, including polymeric, ceramic, and metal oxide coatings, are discussed for their unique properties that improve SEI stability. Techniques such as atomic layer deposition (ALD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and scalable spray coating methods are highlighted for their effectiveness in applying these coatings. Performance evaluations reveal significant enhancements in capacity retention, thermal stability, and cycling longevity attributed to these coatings. Nonetheless, challenges related to material compatibility, manufacturing scalability, and sustainability remain.The review emphasizes the importance of ongoing research into eco-friendly and hybrid materials to further improve battery performance and align with environmental goals. Overall, SEI-modifying coatings are identified as a promising avenue for advancing LIB technology, ensuring enhanced safety and longevity for various applications in energy storage.
Reflections on 50 years of Land Snails in Archaeology
Authors: Law Matt
Published: February 2025

When J.G. Evans’s Land Snails in Archaeology was published in 1972, it established a new understanding of the environmental history of prehistoric archaeological sites in southern Britain and in the process introduced archaeologists to the value of studying assemblages of land snail shells from archaeological deposits. This paper reflects on the impact of the book, reviews developments in the discipline over the intervening half century, and proposes some future directions for the practice of archaeological land-snail analyses.
THE EFFECT OF PREOPERATIVE ALPRAZOLAM IN THE REDUCTION OF ANXIETY IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING CARDIAC SURGERY
Authors: PARVEEN FAREED  , HASNAIN JAVED
Published: February 2025

Background: Anxiety before cardiac surgery is likely to be accompanied by physiological changes that may influence surgical results. Alprazolam as pharmacological therapy could help stabilize these indicators improving the patients’ comfort and respectively perioperative conditions. This research will seek to prove if alprazolam decreases preoperative anxiety without adverse effects to promote better perioperative care practice using a controlled trial design. The effects of preoperative anxiety are observed in 30–80% of patients having major surgery, notably, cardiac procedures. Physiological changes caused by the anxiety can interfere with the anesthetic management and recovery due to increase in heart rate and blood pressure. Although anxiolytic drugs such as alprazolam are widely available, we know little about their effects on patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The purposes of this study were to fill this gap by determining the effectiveness and safety of ES in reducing preoperative anxiety of cardiac patients.
Objective: To assess the influence of preoperative alprazolam on preoperative anxiety levels in heart surgery patients.
Methodology: Randomized controlled study was performed in Hameed Latif Hospital, Lahore. The patients were 200 undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) or valve replacement surgery. The 14 randomly assigned participants were assigned to either the alprazolam group at some oral dosage of 0.5 mg or to the placebo group. Change the structure of the following sentence Physiological parameters were measured before and after drug administration, preoperatively and postoperatively. SPSS 26 was used for statistical analysis and significance set to p < 0.05.
Results: Statistical analysis showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups in baseline physiological markers. When anxiety markers are analyzed after drug delivery, the alprazolam group was reduced in respiration rate (p = 0.04) before surgery. Nevertheless, other metrics including heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation did not show statistically significant variations.
Conclusion: Preoperative alprazolam treatment did improve physiological markers of anxiety, notably respiratory rate, in the heart surgery patients in a mildly attenuated fashion. However, although it might help in lowering preoperative anxiety, its effect on the rest of physiological outcomes was negligible. However further dose and also other pharmaceutical treatments for anxiety management in cardiac surgery patients need to be identified.
Peran Keluarga Dalam Mencegah Tindakan Bunuh Diri Menurut Ensiklik Evangelium Vitae
Authors: Talaud Fransiskus
Published: February 2025

Human life is a gift from God that must be cherished and protected from the moment of conception until natural death. Therefore, every family member is obliged to respect and care for life in all its forms, including efforts to prevent actions that devaluate life, such as suicide. The importance of the family’s role in protecting and nurturing life led Pope John Paul II, in the Encyclical Evangelium Vitae, to describe the family as “the sanctuary of life.” This means that the family is the first environment where the values of life and human dignity are instilled. The research aims, first, to provide Catholics with an understanding of the Church’s view regarding the importance role of the family in protecting and respecting human life. Second, the author wants to highlight the values and principles taught by the Church to guide families in creating an environment that supports life, as well as preventing actions that threaten life, such as suicide.
From Digital Twins To Digital Employees: Redefining Human-Centered Learning in Organizations
Authors: Aslamazishvili Dina
Published: February 2025

AI and GenAI change the game in Learning and Development systems design and management. Digital employees put the concept of digital twins on a new page in organizations. Digital employees can take on some routine tasks, if properly taught, and can learn some perishable skills, that need permanent renewal, like technical skills (need update and upskilling), policies, procurement, customer support, data gathering, and others. This shift opens more opportunities for real-life employees to focus on their durable skills of the long-term value, like leadership, critical thinking, emotional intelligence, self-awareness, resilience, drive, curiosity, and social skills.Digital employees change the whole concept of organizational learning and will be a critical part of designing human-centered learning and development systems in business organizations.
Research Methodology for Staff Motivation & Values-Based Framework Within Educational Institutions
Authors: Cowgill R. Michael
Published: February 2025

This paper defines the need and methodology for research necessary to better understand the real and practical aspects of what motivates university-based employees and what are the underlying values of those employees that affect their performance. How those values coincide with the values of the institution are also relevant in the way the performance of the employees enhance the performance of the institution. The final dissertation will result in a relevant (and usable) menu of performance incentives to match with each employee or set of employees that will then also enhance the values and performance of the institution.
The research methodology has been revised in 2024 to recognize and reflect trends in higher education, evident in Georgia and globally, of the inclusion of Undergraduate Medical Schools in university programs. Further, societal changes must be considered that affect employee motivation and values due to the re-prioritization of health concerns, remote work options and work life integration/balance stemming from the Covid Pandemic. Similarly, and especially within the education sphere, has the emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) influenced staff motivation and values?
An overarching phrase that has become more common and is at the core of this research is that of “Inclusive Workplace”, which in my definition in the context of this project, means that each employee, regardless of any differences in role, level, gender, orientation, etc., is recognized as a valued member of the institution, by themselves and the university. This has always been the ultimate goal of a menu of performance incentives for each employee that also enhances the value and performance of the institution.
These revisions are explained in more detail at the end of this paper.
The Importance of Loyalty Programs Today: The Case Study of Georgia
Authors: Kvirikashvili Tamar
Published: February 2025

In the contemporary global struggle for market shares, most companies use loyalty programs to extend customers, increase interaction, and contribute to revenue growth. In Georgia, like in many other nations, loyalty programs have changed from the old regular point based programs to highly data-leveraged and automated ones as well as programs which integrate artificial intelligence and mobile platforms. The aim of this research is to assess the relevance of loyalty programs in Georgia looking at client perspectives, business frameworks and in actual assessment the success of loyalty programs in practice, particularly their genesis and operationalization. With case studies of businesses in Georgia as well as of international companies in Georgia and focus group discussions and quantitative questionnaires, this research pursues to explore and explain such factors as how the local market and global market operate and how do they coexist in Georgian context. Apart from that it also addresses how onsite loyalty programs are effective on retention of consumers and the engagement that results from it as well the recent developments that confirm where the future of the loyalty programs are heading.
AI-Driven Fusion: Unlocking Net-Positive Energy for a Sustainable Future
Authors: Pasupuleti Murali Krishna
Published: February 2025

Abstract
AI-driven fusion energy is revolutionizing the path toward net-positive nuclear fusion, offering a sustainable and limitless power source for the future. By integrating machine learning, high-performance computing (HPC), and real-time plasma control algorithms, AI is accelerating breakthroughs in tokamak, stellarator, and inertial fusion reactor designs. AI-powered predictive modeling, reinforcement learning-based plasma stabilization, and automated reactor optimization are significantly improving plasma confinement, energy efficiency, and fusion scalability. Additionally, AI is enhancing fusion reactor simulations, optimizing fuel injection strategies, and mitigating plasma disruptions, reducing the time and cost required to achieve commercially viable fusion energy. The integration of AI with quantum computing, decentralized smart grids, and autonomous fusion plant operations is expected to transform global energy systems, providing carbon-free, self-sustaining power for industries, cities, and space exploration. However, challenges such as AI transparency, ethical oversight, and regulatory frameworks must be addressed to ensure the safe and equitable deployment of AI-driven fusion energy. This chapter explores the technological innovations, economic impact, and future potential of AI-powered fusion, outlining its role in achieving a clean, sustainable, and abundant energy future.

Keywords
AI-driven fusion, nuclear fusion, net-positive energy, plasma control, machine learning, high-performance computing, tokamak, stellarator, inertial fusion, predictive modeling, AI in energy, reinforcement learning, fusion reactor optimization, smart grids, quantum computing, automated fusion plants, sustainable energy.
PEMBENTUKAN LEMBAGA PERADILAN KHUSUS SEBAGAI SOLUSI PENEGAKAN HUKUM PEMILUKADA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Ngabito Rafyanka Ivana Putri , Wantu Fence M. , Muhtar Mohamad Hidayat
Published: February 2025

Penegakan hukum dalam Pemilukada di Indonesia masih menghadapi berbagai kendala, terutama dalam mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa yang melibatkan banyak lembaga dengan kewenangan berbeda. Situasi ini menyebabkan ketidakpastian hukum dan memperpanjang proses penyelesaian perkara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis urgensi pembentukan lembaga peradilan khusus sebagai solusi dalam menangani sengketa Pemilukada secara lebih efektif dan efisien. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, historis, komparatif, konseptual, dan analitis. Sumber data terdiri dari bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier yang dianalisis menggunakan metode yuridis normatif serta hermeneutika hukum untuk memahami dan menafsirkan regulasi yang berlaku. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem penyelesaian sengketa Pemilukada di Indonesia masih bersifat fragmentaris dan tidak efisien, yang berpotensi menghambat proses demokrasi. Pembentukan lembaga peradilan khusus yang bersifat ad hoc dinilai sebagai solusi yang dapat meningkatkan efektivitas penyelesaian sengketa serta menjamin kepastian hukum dalam Pemilukada. Studi ini merekomendasikan pembentukan pengadilan khusus dengan sistem yang terstruktur berdasarkan tingkatan, seperti model yang diterapkan di Brasil dan Meksiko, guna menciptakan mekanisme hukum yang lebih terintegrasi dan efektif.
تقدير تركيز بنزوات الصوديوم في بعض أنواع مشروبات الطاقة المستوردة والمتداولة في السوق المحلي
Authors:   قسم الكيمياء، كلية التربية ككلة، جامعة غريان، ليبيا, اجعيدة سعاد الشيباني
Published: February 2025

Food preservative have become increasingly in food production. These preservative are added to stop bacterial growth during storage or transferred the food products or beverage. The high concentration of food additives are harmful to the human body, and can cause a number of heath problem. Sodium benzoate is common used as a preservative in the food and beverage such as energy drinks. In this study the concentration of sodium benzoate was determined in the seven energy drinks samples imported produced in Asb"ah markets. Qualitative analysis of sodium benzoate with FeCl3 test showed positive result with change in the color of the solution to dark red. The titration method was used in this determination, which was found to give accurate results in addition to its simplicity, results were found that sodium benzoate amounts by titration method were between 324. 06 – 1715.65 ppm. As a conclusion it can consideration that same concentration of the samples in this study in the optimum level except sample 5 (Wildpower)
Keywords: Food additives, preservative, Sodium benzoate,Energy drinks, Volumettric titration
Analisis Praktik Pembiasaan untuk Menumbuhkan Kebiasaan Positif Siswa di SMA Khatolik Caritas Maumere
Authors: Theresia Bunga Karlince  , Elisabeth Timu  , Fitriah Fitriah
Published: February 2025

This research aims to analyze efforts to implement positive habits with refraction practices at the SMA Caritas Chatolic. This school always applies the 3s culture (smile, greet, greet) to create a supportive and harmonious environment. Every morning we always pray together in the Maria cave which is right in front of the school to increase students' religious and spiritual values. Apart from that, every Saturday there is always community service to instill the spirit of mutual cooperation, as well as various extracurriculars, such as fighting, cricket and futsal. This was developed to shape students' skills and character. Even though this program is running well, there are also challenges faced, such as the lack of involvement of some students in school activities which is still a concern.
Perbedaan Tingkat Kemandirian Mahasiswa Ditinjau dari Pola Asuh Orang Tua Otoriter dan Demokratis
Authors: Yolanda Fenissia Kristanti  , Prias Hayu Purbaning Tyas
Published: February 2025

The objectives of the study were to determine how high the independence of students with authoritarian and democratic parenting styles was and to determine whether or not there was a difference in the level of student independence when reviewed from authoritarian and democratic parenting patterns. This study used a quantitative approach with a comparative research design. The data collection technique used a survey with a likert scale and obtained 95 students as respondents consisting of 45 students with authoritarian parenting patterns and 50 students with democratic parenting patterns. Furthermore, it was tested using validity and reliability tests. The results of the validity test obtained 38 valid items, the reliability test used the Alpha Cronbach calculation with a result of 0.984 which was included in the very reliable category. Furthermore, a difference test was carried out using the t-test (Independent Sample T-test). The results of the study are the level of independence of students with authoritarian parenting styles was 42% in the very high category, the level of independence of students with democratic parenting styles was 40% in the very high category, and there was no difference in the level of independence between students with authoritarian and democratic parenting patterns.
Togʿay Murod’ın “Otamdan Qolgan Dalalar (Babamdan Kalan Tarlalar)” Romanında Yer Alan Biçimbirimsel Yinelemeler
Authors: Ildırı Nursan
Published: February 2025

Togʿay Murod, Çağdaş Özbek edebiyatının en önemli yazarlarından biridir. Yazar, roman ve hikâye türünde verdiği eserlerle Çağdaş Özbek edebiyatının gelişmesine katkı sağlamış, bütün eserlerinde kendine özgü bir üslup ortaya koymuştur. Togʿ¡ay Murod’ın eserleri yazarın kullandığı dilsel ögeler açısından oldukça özgün kullanımlar içermektedir. Togʿay Murod, “Otamdan Qolgan Dalalar (Babamdan Kalan Tarlalar)” adlı romanında Özbek halkının Sovyet devrinde çektiği sıkıntıları okuyucuda derin bir tesir yaratmak amacıyla şiirsel bir üslupla kaleme almış, yaşanılan hadiselerin akılda kalıcı olmasını sağlamak için özellikle vurgulamak istediği olayları, durumları, kişileri yinelemeli bir anlatımla ortaya koymuştur. Yazarın bu üslupla kaleme aldığı romanı, etkili bir dil kullanımı olarak tanımlanan yinelemelerin biçimbirimsel olarak ele alınabilmesi açısından zengin bir malzeme sunmaktadır. Edebî metinlerin anlamlandırılmasında önemli bir rol üstlenen deyişbilim, edebî metinlerin sesbilgisel, biçimbirimsel, sözdizimsel, anlambilimsel ve metinsel olmak üzere beş başlık altında incelendiği bir dilbilim alanıdır. Çalışmaya konu olan biçimbirimsel yinelemeler çeşitli boyutlarda incelenmektedir. Tümcenin başında, ortasında, sonunda yer alan sözcük veya sözcük öbeklerinin anlatımı daha etkili ve vurgulu hâle getirmek maksadıyla takip eden tümcede yinelenme şekillerine göre biçimbirimsel yinelemeli kullanımlar; ön yineleme, art yineleme, çapraz yineleme, karma yineleme, ikizleşme gibi alt başlıklarda incelenmektedir. Özbek Türkçesinde “takroriy soʿzlar” olarak geçen yinelemeler, biçimbirimsel yinelemelerin alt başlıkları dikkate alınarak incelenmiş, bu kullanımların romanda yer alan örnekleri metin içerisinde tespit edilmiş, örneklerin geçtiği sayfa numaraları parantez içerisinde gösterilmiş, Türkiye Türkçesine aktarımları tırnak içerisinde verilmiştir.
Türkiye’de Gaspıralı Gündemi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: Marttin Volkan
Published: February 2025

Kırımlı fikir adamı, eğitimci ve yayıncı olan İsmail Bey Gaspıralı bütün Türklük için büyük hizmetlerde bulunmuştur. Gaspıralı fikir ve faaliyetleriyle Rusya sınırlarını aşmış, Türk ve Müslümanların yaşadığı yerlere ulaşabilmiştir. Bu bağlamda Osmanlı Devleti’nde aydın çevrelerin Gaspıralı’nın faaliyetlerine kayıtsız kalmadıkları görülmektedir. Gaspıralı’ya gösterilen yoğun alakaya rağmen siyasi konjonktüre bağlı olarak İsmail Bey Gaspıralı’nın kendisinin ve yayınlarının Osmanlı ülkesine girmesinin yasaklandığı zamanlar olmuştur.
Öte yandan yasaklı yıllar da dâhil olmak üzere özellikle Türkçülük fikrinin etrafında toplanan aydınlar tarafından İsmail Bey Gaspıralı’nın çalışmaları, fikir yazıları sıkı bir şekilde takip edilmiş, takdir görmüştür. Zira eğitim alanına getirdiği yenilikler, Osmanlı Devleti’nin içinde bulunduğu buhranlı dönemlerin aşılmasına yönelik görüşleri ve Türkler için birlik duygusuna yaptığı vurgu çağının ötesindedir.
Osmanlı Devleti’nin en büyük mirasçısı Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nde belirli zamanlarda Gaspıralı’dan yoğun şekilde söz edildiği ve Gaspıralı’nın anısına dair etkinlikler düzenlendiği görülmektedir. Buna karşılık bazı dönemlerde İsmail Bey Gaspıralı Türkiye’nin entelektüel çevrelerinin gündeminde yer bulamamıştır.
Bu çalışmada Gaspıralı’nın Türkiye gündemindeki yerini bir değerlendirme ile ortaya çıkarmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Türkiye’de basılan, yayımlanan eserlere dayanılarak çalışmanın ana çerçevesi oluşturulmuştur. Yıllar içinde çeşitli kaynaklarda sunulan bilgiler ışığında konferans ve anma programları gözden geçirilerek çalışma zenginleştirilmiştir.
Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan doküman incelemesi ile elde edilen veriler hazırlanan tabloda somutlaştırılmıştır.
Türkiye gündeminde İsmail Bey Gaspıralı’nın yerinin iç politikadaki hareketliliğe ve dış politikada Türkiye-Rusya ilişkilerine bağlı olarak şekillendiği görülmüştür.
Gazneliler Dönemine Ait Pirinç Tepsi Üzerindeki Taht Sahnesi
Authors: Durdu Arslan
Published: February 2025

Çalışma, Gazneliler dönemine ait pirinç bir tepsi üzerindeki taht sahnesi ve bu sahnede yer alan figür, süsleme ve tasvirlerden yola çıkarak Gazneli Devletinin saray hayatı, askerî teşkilatı ve kültürel yaşamı hakkında daha geniş bir perspektif sunmaktır. Bir Türk sülalesi tarafından kurulan ve ilk Müslüman Türk devleti olma özelliği taşıyan Gazneliler, siyasi ve askerî gücünün yanında sanatsal ve kültürel faaliyetlerde de dönemin önde gelen devletleri arasındadır. Türkistan sanatının İslam el sanatlarına ve tezhip sanatına etkileri 9. yüzyılda Abbâsîler dönemine kadar uzanır. Abbâsîler ile birlikte halifelik merkezi Bağdat olunca, 8. yüzyılda Suriye bölgesindeki Emevî sanatında görülen Yunan, Bizans ve Sasani etkisi yerini Türkistan Sanatına bırakır. Abbâsî halifesi Mu’tasım’ın Türk askerî birliklerini yerleştirmek için inşa ettirdiği Sâmerrâ kenti de bu yeni akım üzerinde etkisini gösterir. Şimdiki Afganistan coğrafyasına hâkim olan Gazneliler 11-12 yüzyıllar arasında bu sanat mirasını devam ettirmiştir. Gaznelilerin kültürel hayatı hakkında yapılan çok fazla çalışma olduğu söylenemez. Bunun en önemli sebebi, dönemle ilgili bilgi veren yazılı kaynakların yetersiz olmasıdır. Daha önce yapılan kültürel çalışmalar genellikle Beyhakî ve Utbî gibi devrin en önemli müellifleri ve daha sonra bu müelliflerin çalışmalarından istifade edilerek yazılan eserler üzerinden yapılmıştır. Bu bağlamda yazılı kaynakların yetersiz kaldığı yerde devreye arkeolojik buluntular girmektedir. Gazneliler döneminden kalma pirinç bir tepsi üzerindeki taht sahnesi devrin sanat anlayışı ve saray hayatı hakkında önemli bilgiler sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada tepsi üzerindeki figürlerden, süslemelerden ve tasvirlerden yola çıkarak Gazneli Devleti’nin saray hayatı, askerî teşkilatı, eğlence ve kültürel hayatı hakkındaki bilgiler yazılı kaynaklarda geçen ifadelerle değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmuştur. Bu incelemeden elde edilen sonuç, yazılı kaynakların eksik kaldığı durumlarda arkeolojik buluntuların, dönemin sosyal, askerî ve kültürel hayatına dair daha somut ve doğru bilgiler sunduğudur.
Hayat Ağacı ve Vakvak Ağacı’nın Bitki-İnsan-Hayvan Metaforu Kapsamında Karşılaştırılması
Authors: Kurt Şeyma , Bayır Ahmet
Published: February 2025

Türk toplumunda erken dönemlerden bugüne kadar, tabiat kültlerinde kabul edilen görüşlerden biri, ağacın ya da bazı ağaç türlerine kutsiyet atfedilmesi düşüncesidir. Bu ağaçlardan belki de en önemlisi olan ve Dünya Ağacı olarak ifade edilen Hayat Ağacına olan inanç, tüm dünya kültürlerinde olduğu gibi Türk kültüründe de en yaygın kabul gören kültlerdendir. Eski Türk inanç sisteminde, gök, yer ve yer altını birbirine bağlayan ve dikey formda biçimsellik kazanan, Hayat Ağacı, totemik bir kültür formu olarak değerlendirilmiş, aynı zamanda tabiat veya tabiatüstü varlıklarla özdeşleştirilmiştir. Hayat ağacı gibi çeşitli olaylarla ismini duyuran ve ilerleyen dönemlerde bezeme amacından çok ikonografik anlamı ile öne çıkarılan Vakvak Ağacı ise Hint Okyanusu’ndaki Vakvak Adası’nda yetişen ve bulunduğu adaya adını veren efsanevi bir ağaç olarak bilinmektedir. Dallarının uçları veya meyveleri insan, hayvan şeklinde olan, Vakvak şeklinde ses çıkaran bu efsanevi ağaç, bitki-insan metaforunu örneklendiren, önemli bir ikonografik form olarak değerlendirilebilir. Araştırma başlığımız kapsamında, Türklerde kutsal ağaç mefhumunun kültürel gelenekle olan bağlantıları, çeşitli anlamlar içeren Hayat Ağacı ile farklı bir kültürel dokuyu ihtiva eden Vakvak Ağacı’nın kökeni ve kullanıldıkları alanlar tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Konu hakkında kaynak taraması yapılarak bitki-insan, hayvan metaforu ve iki farklı kültürel ağaç sembolizminin karşılaştırılması gayreti içerisinde olunmuştur. Makalede Hayat Ağacı ile Vakvak Ağacı’nın anlamı, nasıl kullanıldığı, varsa benzer veya farklı yönleri üzerinde kuramsal bir bakış açısı geliştirilmiştir.
Cumhuriyet ile Yaşıt Bir Kültürel Miras: Tarihi Tire Bandosu
Authors: Sönmez Sevcan , Terci A. Küşad , Ertep Hakan
Published: February 2025

Tire Bandosu, 1923 yılında Tire’de kurulmuş, Cumhuriyet tarihinin ilk bandolarından birisidir. Yüzüncü yaşını doldurmuş olan bando her cuma akşamüstü bayrak töreni için Tire meydanında çalmakta, resmi bayramlarda ve törenlerde görevlerini yerine getirmektedir. 1923 yılında kurtuluş savaşı sonunda Yunan işgali biter. Tire’deki işgal kuvvetleri hızlı bir şekilde kaçarken, kendilerine ait bando enstrümanlarını askeri karargâh olarak kullandıkları Kurtuluş okulda bırakıp giderler. Savaştan yeni dönmüş olan Tireli Ali Başargan, İngiliz esiriyken Mısır’da askeri bandoda müzik eğitimi almış olduğundan, bu enstrümanları bulduklarında Tire’de bando kurmaya karar verir. Enstrümanları çalmayı bilen üç savaş gazisi Tireli, Ali Başargan, Demirci Mehmet Çavuş ve Berber Mehmet Ali Efendi bu şekilde bandoyu kurarlar ve ardından birçok kişiyi bandoya dahil ederler. Tire Bandosu, kuruluş yılının öneminin yanında, Atatürk'ün 1937'de Nazilli Basma Fabrikası'nı ziyareti sırasında kendisini karşılaması ve 1925’den 1943 yılına kadar her 9 Eylül’de İzmir’in kurtuluşu kutlamalarında görev alması ile tarihi bir değere sahiptir.
Ağırlıklı olarak Tire'de yaşayan ve farklı meslek gruplarına ait çalışanlardan, bununla birlikte askeri bandodan emekli olmuş profesyonellerden de oluşan Tire Bandosu, Tire Belediyesinin desteği ile halen aktif bir şekilde hayatına devam etmektedir. Kuruluşunun ilk yıllarından bugüne kadar bandoda yer alan amatör ve profesyonel müzisyenlerin birlikte çalmalarının getirdiği sosyal, kültürel, manevi değerler, aidiyet duygusu, kimlik arayışı gibi olguların incelenmesi bu makalenin temel hedefleri arasında yer almaktadır. Bunların yanında, Tire Bandosu'nun yıllar içinde devamının nasıl sağlandığı, sürekliliğin nasıl oluştuğu ve bunu bir arada tutan sosyolojik faktörlerin neler olduğu da bu araştırmanın önemli bir parçasını oluşturmaktadır. Bu makale betimsel analiz yöntemiyle yazılan detaylı sözlü ve yazılı tarihi kaynaklara ulaşarak bilginin yayılmasını amaçlamaktadır.
Maverayı Kafkas Ekseninde Iğdır Pamukları (1925-1938)
Authors: Başarır Mehtap
Published: February 2025

Bu çalışmanın amacı mikroklima iklim özelliği sayesinde yetiştirdiği pamuğu Maverayı Kafkas ülkelerine ihraç eden veya transit ticaretle geçiren Iğdır kazasının 1925-1938 yılları arasında Türk iktisadına yönelik katkısını serimlemektir. Millî Mücadele döneminde Sovyet Rusya ile geliştirilen ikili ilişkiler çok yönlü devam ederek gelişti. 1925 yılında Azerbaycan, Ermenistan, Gürcistan Sovyet Cumhuriyetleri (Maverayı Kafkas), SSCB ve Türkiye arasında imzalanan konsolosluk antlaşmasının onaylanması sayesinde ilgili bölgede görev yapan Türk konsolosları vatandaşlarının hukuk ve menfaatlerini koruma ve özellikle de ticareti teşvik etme temelli yükümlülükler üstlendiler. Böylece çalışmaya esas sınırlar içerisinde yol sıkıntısı sebebiyle ürettiği pamukları İstanbul’a dahi Batum Limanı üzerinden göndermek zorunda kalan Iğdır çiftçisi ve tüccarının en önemli çıkış kapısı Maverayı Kafkas sınır bölgesinde yaşadığı sıkıntıların iz düşümleri konsolosluk raporları üzerinden yansıtılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda çalışma konusuna yönelik veriler, Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Cumhuriyet Arşivi, Dışişleri Bakanlığı Türk Diplomatik Arşivi, TBMM Zabıtları ile telif ve tetkik eserlerden elde edilmiştir. Sonuçta 1925-1938 sürecinde Iğdır’a yakınlığı sebebiyle Maverayı Kafkas bölgesinden alınan pamuk tohumlarının çiftçinin kullanımına sunulduğu, elde edilen hasadın da daha çok bu bölgeye satıldığı ancak zaman zaman hastalık bahanesiyle SSCB’nin Iğdır pamuklarını ucuza kapatmak gibi tutum sergilediği fark edilmektedir. Diğer taraftan bazı Ermeni görevlilerin tarihsel ve dönemsel olayların etkisinde kalarak hareket edebileceklerine yönelik konsolos raporları üzerine Türkiye’nin daha tedbirli davrandığı bürokratik yazışmalarda görülmektedir.
Eski Türklerde Savaş Öncesi Askerî Gelenekler
Authors: Durmuş Eda
Published: February 2025

Türkler bozkır kültürünün gelişmesinde önemli rol üstlenmişlerdir. Atı ilk ehlileştirip, binek hayvanı olarak kullanan Türklerdir. Demirin eritilerek çeşitli araç gereçlerin üretilmesi, bu metalin kullanımının önemini artırmıştır. Bozkır Türk kültürü, demir kullanımının artmasıyla önemli bir gelişim göstermiştir. Atın hızının, demirin sağlamlığının ve Türk'ün güçlü iradesinin birleşimi ile bozkır kültürü hız, güç ve dinamizm kazanmıştır. Bu faktörler, büyük bozkır Türk devletlerinin kurulup gelişmesinde önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Bunlar arasında İskit, Hun ve Gök Türk devletleri önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. İskit, Hun ve Gök Türk toplumlarında çeşitli geleneklerden söz etmek mümkündür. Bozkırlarda tarih öncesi dönemlerde görülen gelenekler, arkeolojik kaynaklarla takip edilebilmektedir. Daha sonra yazılı kaynaklar sayesinde bilgi sahibi olunmaktadır. İskitlerden başlayarak Hunlar ve Gök Türklere geleneklerin geçtiği görülmektedir. Askerî gelenekler arasında sürek avına çıkma, ok gönderme, savaş meclisi toplama, geçit töreni yapma, at kuyruğu bağlama vb. belirtilebilir. Bunlar savaş öncesi askerî geleneklerdir. Bu gelenekler sayesinde İskit, Hun ve Gök Türk toplumlarının kültürleri öğrenilebilmektedir. Ayrıca bozkır kavimlerinde yaşatılan geleneklerin sürekliliği ortaya konulmaktadır. Bu geleneklere bakarak bozkır kavimlerinin yüksek bir kültüre ulaştığını söylemek mümkün olabilmektedir. Bozkır çevresinde kültürel süreklilik ve yaygınlık askerî geleneklerin önemini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışmada arkeolojik buluntular ve yazılı kaynaklara göre savaş öncesi askerî gelenekler üzerinde durulmaktadır. Yazılı kaynakları arkeolojik buluntular büyük ölçüde desteklemektedir. Yerli ve yabancı kaynaklarda geçen bilgilerin de birbirini desteklediği dikkat çekmektedir. Bütün kaynak verileri ayrıntılı bir şekilde değerlendirilmektedir. Bütün verilerden hareketle adı geçen geleneklerin süreklilik ve yaygınlığının tespit edilmeye çalışıldığını söylemek mümkündür.
Virtual Learning Environment as a Strategy to Strengthen Reading Comprehension in Basic Secondary Education Students
Authors: Murillo Hernán Javier Guzmán , Ortega José Marcelo Torres , Buelvas León Julio Arango
Published: February 2025

This article presents the results of a research study aimed at strengthening reading comprehension in secondary school students through the design and implementation of a virtual learning environment (VLE). The study was conducted using a mixed-methods approach, integrating qualitative and quantitative methodologies to assess the impact of the VLE on students' reading skills. Using interactive tools and collaborative activities, the virtual environment facilitated the development of critical competencies such as identifying main ideas, making inferences, and interpreting texts. The research was carried out with a sample of ninth-grade students from an educational institution in Montería, Colombia, selected through purposive sampling. The results showed significant improvements in students' reading comprehension, highlighting the role of the VLE as an effective pedagogical tool for promoting meaningful learning in diverse educational contexts. This study emphasizes the importance of integrating digital technologies into teaching and learning processes to strengthen reading competencies in secondary education.
Development of Jazz Music Ensemble Curriculum Based on Albert Bandura’s Observational Learning Concept, Case Study Xinghai Conservatory of Music
Authors: Haiming Zhu , Phokha Pramote , Chiangthong Nut
Published: February 2025

This study aims to enhance jazz ensemble skills among professional music students at the Xinghai Conservatory of Music by developing a Jazz Music Ensemble Curriculum rooted in Albert Bandura’s Observational Learning theory. The curriculum focuses on improving students' improvisational skills and musical literacy through a structured, socially interactive learning process. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, using qualitative interviews with jazz education experts at the conservatory for insights into best practices and quantitative analysis to assess the impact on 20 jazz music majors from the 2022 cohort. Findings highlight that Bandura’s Observational Learning, a key aspect of social learning theory, differs from traditional conditioning by prioritizing learning through observation, imitation, and modeling rather than direct experience alone. In a jazz ensemble context, this approach enriches music education by fostering social learning, cognitive engagement, and emotional expression. By selecting skilled role models, encouraging active observation, and creating a supportive environment, educators can effectively boost students' technical skills, self-confidence, and enjoyment of jazz. This method not only prepares students artistically and technically but also supports their growth as expressive, collaborative, and reflective musicians, making them more adaptable and engaged in the jazz genre.
The Role of Pesantren in Building Socio-Religious Independence of the Sasak Lombok Community during Colonialism
Authors: . Murdianto
Published: February 2025

This study examines the sociological role of pesantren (Islamic boarding schools) in fostering social resilience and resistance among the Sasak ethnic community of Lombok during the 19th-century colonial period. This research uses an ethnohistorical approach and critical discourse analysis to explore the interplay between Islamic education and community agency in confronting colonial dominance. Primary data were collected from colonial archives and local texts, and analyzed through the framework of everyday forms of resistance. The findings reveal that pesantren played a pivotal role as hubs of cultural resistance, strengthening the Sasak-Islamic identity and enabling alternative economic practices that challenged colonial systems. Additionally, pesantren contributed to social cohesion by serving as platforms for conflict resolution, implementing innovative agricultural methods, and ensuring food security for the community. This research underscores the transformative potential of Islamic educational institutions, positioning pesantren not only as centers of religious learning but also as agents of social change and cultural resilience. This study enriches the discourse on the sociology of Islamic education and postcolonial studies in Indonesia by highlighting the intersection of education, religion, and resistance.
The Spiritual Legacy of Abū Madyan Shuʿayb: The Founder of Maghribī Ṣūfism And His Lasting Influence on Islamic Mysticism
Authors: Assadi Jamal , Na'amneh Mahmoud , Sindawi Khaled
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the life, teachings, and enduring legacy of Abū Madyan Shuʿayb ibn al-Ḥusayn al-Andalusī (509–594 AH / 1115–1198 CE), a pivotal figure in Islamic mysticism and the founder of one of the most influential Ṣūfī traditions in the Maghrib and al-Andalus. Known as "Shaykh al-Mashāyikh" (The Master of Masters) and "Muʿallim al-Muʿallimīn" (The Teacher of Teachers), Abū Madyan’s contributions to Ṣūfism are monumental. Utilizing historical and textual analysis, this study examines his early life in al-Andalus, his educational journey through Fās and the Mashriq, and his settlement in Bijāya (modern-day Algeria), where he established a spiritual legacy that impacted scholars and practitioners across the Islamic world. The paper investigates Abū Madyan’s role in the propagation of Islamic mysticism, his spiritual methodology rooted in the teachings of al-Junayd and al-Ghazālī, and his impact on subsequent Ṣūfī orders, including the Shādhilīyah and the BāʿAlawī. It also examines his theological contributions, as reflected in his writings (Anas al-Waḥīd and Nuzhat al-Murīd), and his poetic works, which offer profound insights into his mystical worldview. By analyzing historical accounts, including those of Ibn al-ʿArabī, al-Shaʿrānī, and Ibn Saʿd, the study contextualizes Abū Madyan’s spiritual philosophy within the broader landscape of Islamic mysticism. Furthermore, it highlights his influence on key figures like ʿAbd al-Salām ibn Mashīsh and Abū al-Ḥasan al-Shādhilī, and explores the integration of his teachings into North African and West African Islamic practices. By situating Abū Madyan’s contributions within their historical and spiritual context, this study enhances our understanding of his role in shaping Islamic mysticism and his enduring impact on Ṣūfī traditions worldwide.