bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound elastography in neurooncology: Basic principles, applications, and illustrative cases
Authors: Raheja Lakshay , Moiyadi Aliasgar
Published: February 2024

Intraoperative ultrasound as an adjunct for brain and spinal cord tumors has seen an uptick in interest over the last few decades owing to real-time imaging, ease of use, and refining of the technology involved. Ultrasound elastography is a relatively newer modality that estimates tissue stiffness, parenchyma–tumor interface, and possibly tissue histology. Paired with B-mode ultrasound, elastography has the potential to guide tumor resection better and intraoperative planning. In this study, we describe the fundamental principles and different types of elastography techniques. We summarize the current use and demonstrate the application of strain elastography in brain tumor resection using a few cases.
Meningioma in pregnancy: A case series
Authors: Rejante Erika Julia D , Opinaldo Paul Vincent A
Published: February 2024

Meningiomas are common intracranial neoplasms. In pregnant women, the incidence of intracranial meningioma is comparable with that in nonpregnant women of the same age group, with an incidence of 1–4.5/100,000. These patients usually present with headaches, nausea, vomiting, and visual disturbances. This case series presents three cases of meningioma with different manifestations occurring in the second trimester of pregnancy. All were admitted to a tertiary hospital in the Philippines. The cases were managed by a multidisciplinary team, considering the patients’s neurologic manifestation, age of gestation of pregnancy, and tumor complications.
Does metabolic syndrome increase contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with normal renal function?
Authors: Shemirani Hasan , Hosseini Ali
Published: February 2024

Background:

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is associated with increased mortality and morbidity in patients undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) and percutaneous coronary intervention. This study aimed to compare the incidence of CIN in two groups of patients with and without metabolic syndrome (Mets) with baseline normal renal function.

Materials and Methods:

In this case − control study, 260 patient candidates for CAG, 130 patients with Mets and 130 patients without Mets participated, and their serum creatinine (Cr) level before and the 48 and 72 h after the angiography was measured. The incidence of CIN was compared in two groups. Two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures and univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.

Results:

The results showed a higher chance of being Mets with raising in triglyceride (adjusted odds ratio = 1.05, 95% confidence interval = (1.03–1.06), P < 0.001), Fasting blood glucose (1.010 [1.001–1.019], P = 0.025), and diastolic blood pressure (1.07 [1.07–1.20], P < 0.001), but declining in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (0.91 [0.85–0.98], P = 0.008). Furthermore, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and Cr level was raised in 48 and 72 h after contrast injection in both groups (All P < 0.001). Furthermore, in 48 h (3.11 [1.12–9.93], P = 0.016) and 72 h (2.82 [1.07–8.28], P = 0.021) after injection, a total of 25 patients had an increased Cr level and a significant difference between Mets and without Mets groups. The developing Mets had a significant association with the increased risk of AKI, which increased the chance of developing nephropathy (7.14 [2.27–22.5], P = 0.001).

Conclusion:

Mets, together with other risk factors, increased the overall risk of CIN development. Therefore, the incidence of CIN in patients Mets is significantly higher than that of patients without Mets, indicating a more important CIN risk factor.
A functional tacrolimus-releasing nerve wrap for enhancing nerve regeneration following surgical nerve repair
Authors: Daeschler Simeon C. , So Katelyn J.W. , Feinberg Konstantin , Manoraj Marina , Cheung Jenny , Zhang Jennifer , Mirmoeini Kaveh , Santerre J. Paul , Gordon Tessa , Borschel Gregory H.
Published: February 2024

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202501000-00036/figure1/v/2024-12-10T152134Z/r/image-tiff

Axonal regeneration following surgical nerve repair is slow and often incomplete, resulting in poor functional recovery which sometimes contributes to lifelong disability. Currently, there are no FDA-approved therapies available to promote nerve regeneration. Tacrolimus accelerates axonal regeneration, but systemic side effects presently outweigh its potential benefits for peripheral nerve surgery. The authors describe herein a biodegradable polyurethane-based drug delivery system for the sustained local release of tacrolimus at the nerve repair site, with suitable properties for scalable production and clinical application, aiming to promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery with minimal systemic drug exposure. Tacrolimus is encapsulated into co-axially electrospun polycarbonate-urethane nanofibers to generate an implantable nerve wrap that releases therapeutic doses of bioactive tacrolimus over 31 days. Size and drug loading are adjustable for applications in small and large caliber nerves, and the wrap degrades within 120 days into biocompatible byproducts. Tacrolimus released from the nerve wrap promotes axon elongation in vitro and accelerates nerve regeneration and functional recovery in preclinical nerve repair models while off-target systemic drug exposure is reduced by 80% compared with systemic delivery. Given its surgical suitability and preclinical efficacy and safety, this system may provide a readily translatable approach to support axonal regeneration and recovery in patients undergoing nerve surgery.
Transforming growth factor-beta 1 enhances discharge activity of cortical neurons
Authors: Ren Zhihui , Li Tian , Liu Xueer , Zhang Zelin , Chen Xiaoxuan , Chen Weiqiang , Li Kangsheng , Sheng Jiangtao
Published: February 2024

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202502000-00031/figure1/v/2024-11-07T113602Z/r/image-tiff

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) has been extensively studied for its pleiotropic effects on central nervous system diseases. The neuroprotective or neurotoxic effects of TGF-β1 in specific brain areas may depend on the pathological process and cell types involved. Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are essential ion channels for the generation of action potentials in neurons, and are involved in various neuroexcitation-related diseases. However, the effects of TGF-β1 on the functional properties of VGSCs and firing properties in cortical neurons remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of TGF-β1 on VGSC function and firing properties in primary cortical neurons from mice. We found that TGF-β1 increased VGSC current density in a dose- and time-dependent manner, which was attributable to the upregulation of Nav1.3 expression. Increased VGSC current density and Nav1.3 expression were significantly abolished by preincubation with inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (PD98059), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (SB203580), and Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1/2 inhibitor (SP600125). Interestingly, TGF-β1 significantly increased the firing threshold of action potentials but did not change their firing rate in cortical neurons. These findings suggest that TGF-β1 can increase Nav1.3 expression through activation of the ERK1/2–JNK–MAPK pathway, which leads to a decrease in the firing threshold of action potentials in cortical neurons under pathological conditions. Thus, this contributes to the occurrence and progression of neuroexcitatory-related diseases of the central nervous system.
Establishment of human cerebral organoid systems to model early neural development and assess the central neurotoxicity of environmental toxins
Authors: Hu Daiyu , Cao Yuanqing , Cai Chenglin , Wang Guangming , Zhou Min , Peng Luying , Fan Yantao , Lai Qiong , Gao Zhengliang
Published: February 2024

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202501000-00032/figure1/v/2024-12-10T152134Z/r/image-tiff

Human brain development is a complex process, and animal models often have significant limitations. To address this, researchers have developed pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional structures, known as brain-like organoids, to more accurately model early human brain development and disease. To enable more consistent and intuitive reproduction of early brain development, in this study, we incorporated forebrain organoid culture technology into the traditional unguided method of brain organoid culture. This involved embedding organoids in matrigel for only 7 days during the rapid expansion phase of the neural epithelium and then removing them from the matrigel for further cultivation, resulting in a new type of human brain organoid system. This cerebral organoid system replicated the temporospatial characteristics of early human brain development, including neuroepithelium derivation, neural progenitor cell production and maintenance, neuron differentiation and migration, and cortical layer patterning and formation, providing more consistent and reproducible organoids for developmental modeling and toxicology testing. As a proof of concept, we applied the heavy metal cadmium to this newly improved organoid system to test whether it could be used to evaluate the neurotoxicity of environmental toxins. Brain organoids exposed to cadmium for 7 or 14 days manifested severe damage and abnormalities in their neurodevelopmental patterns, including bursts of cortical cell death and premature differentiation. Cadmium exposure caused progressive depletion of neural progenitor cells and loss of organoid integrity, accompanied by compensatory cell proliferation at ectopic locations. The convenience, flexibility, and controllability of this newly developed organoid platform make it a powerful and affordable alternative to animal models for use in neurodevelopmental, neurological, and neurotoxicological studies.
Na+/K+-ATPase: ion pump, signal transducer, or cytoprotective protein, and novel biological functions
Authors: Huang Songqiang , Dong Wanting , Lin Xiaoqian , Bian Jinsong
Published: February 2024

Na+/K+-ATPase is a transmembrane protein that has important roles in the maintenance of electrochemical gradients across cell membranes by transporting three Na+ out of and two K+ into cells. Additionally, Na+/K+-ATPase participates in Ca2+-signaling transduction and neurotransmitter release by coordinating the ion concentration gradient across the cell membrane. Na+/K+-ATPase works synergistically with multiple ion channels in the cell membrane to form a dynamic network of ion homeostatic regulation and affects cellular communication by regulating chemical signals and the ion balance among different types of cells. Therefore, it is not surprising that Na+/K+-ATPase dysfunction has emerged as a risk factor for a variety of neurological diseases. However, published studies have so far only elucidated the important roles of Na+/K+-ATPase dysfunction in disease development, and we are lacking detailed mechanisms to clarify how Na+/K+-ATPase affects cell function. Our recent studies revealed that membrane loss of Na+/K+-ATPase is a key mechanism in many neurological disorders, particularly stroke and Parkinson’s disease. Stabilization of plasma membrane Na+/K+-ATPase with an antibody is a novel strategy to treat these diseases. For this reason, Na+/K+-ATPase acts not only as a simple ion pump but also as a sensor/regulator or cytoprotective protein, participating in signal transduction such as neuronal autophagy and apoptosis, and glial cell migration. Thus, the present review attempts to summarize the novel biological functions of Na+/K+-ATPase and Na+/K+-ATPase-related pathogenesis. The potential for novel strategies to treat Na+/K+-ATPase-related brain diseases will also be discussed.
Advances in spinal cord injury: insights from non-human primates
Authors: Poulen Gaetan , Perrin Florence E.
Published: February 2024

Spinal cord injury results in significant sensorimotor deficits, currently, there is no curative treatment for the symptoms induced by spinal cord injury. Basic and pre-clinical research on spinal cord injury relies on the development and characterization of appropriate animal models. These models should replicate the symptoms observed in human, allowing for the exploration of functional deficits and investigation into various aspects of physiopathology of spinal cord injury. Non-human primates, due to their close phylogenetic association with humans, share more neuroanatomical, genetic, and physiological similarities with humans than rodents. Therefore, the responses to spinal cord injury in nonhuman primates most likely resemble the responses to traumatism in humans. In this review, we will discuss nonhuman primate models of spinal cord injury, focusing onin vivoassessments, including behavioral tests, magnetic resonance imaging, and electrical activity recordings, as well asex vivohistological analyses. Additionally, we will present therapeutic strategies developed in non-human primates and discuss the unique specificities of non-human primate models of spinal cord injury.
MicroRNAs as potential diagnostic biomarkers for bipolar disorder
Authors: Martinez Bridget , Peplow Philip V.
Published: February 2024

Abnormal expression of microRNAs is connected to brain development and disease and could provide novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of bipolar disorder. We performed a PubMed search for microRNA biomarkers in bipolar disorder and found 18 original research articles on studies performed with human patients and published from January 2011 to June 2023. These studies included microRNA profiling in blood- and brain-based materials. From the studies that had validated the preliminary findings, potential candidate biomarkers for bipolar disorder in adults could be miR-140-3p, -30d-5p, -330-5p, -378a-5p, -21-3p, -330-3p, -345-5p in whole blood, miR-19b-3p, -1180-3p, -125a-5p, let-7e-5p in blood plasma, and miR-7-5p, -23b-5p, -142-3p, -221-5p, -370-3p in the blood serum. Two of the studies had investigated the changes in microRNA expression of patients with bipolar disorder receiving treatment. One showed a significant increase in plasma miR-134 compared to baseline after 4 weeks of treatment which included typical antipsychotics, atypical antipsychotics, and benzodiazepines. The other study had assessed the effects of prescribed medications which included neurotransmitter receptor-site binders (drug class B) and sedatives, hypnotics, anticonvulsants, and analgesics (drug class C) on microRNA results. The combined effects of the two drug classes increased the significance of the results for miR-219 and -29c with miR-30e-3p and -526b* acquiring significance. MicroRNAs were tested to see if they could serve as biomarkers of bipolar disorder at different clinical states of mania, depression, and euthymia. One study showed that upregulation in whole blood of miR-9-5p, -29a-3p, -106a-5p, -106b-5p, -107, -125a-3p, -125b-5p and of miR-107, -125a-3p occurred in manic and euthymic patients compared to controls, respectively, and that upregulation of miR-106a-5p, -107 was found for manic compared to euthymic patients. In two other studies using blood plasma, downregulation of miR-134 was observed in manic patients compared to controls, and dysregulation of miR-134, -152, -607, -633, -652, -155 occurred in euthymic patients compared to controls. Finally, microRNAs such as miR-34a, -34b, -34c, -137, and -140-3p, -21-3p, -30d-5p, -330-5p, -378a-5p, -134, -19b-3p were shown to have diagnostic potential in distinguishing bipolar disorder patients from schizophrenia or major depressive disorder patients, respectively. Further studies are warranted with adolescents and young adults having bipolar disorder and consideration should be given to using animal models of the disorder to investigate the effects of suppressing or overexpressing specific microRNAs.
Delay of Acceptance of Covid-19 Vaccine Among Health Care Workers in Western Kenya
Authors: Akoth Christine Obinju , Åšciborski Romuald J. , Sadia Moses , Magero Kevin , Akinyi Collins , Ngety George , Ayodo George
Published: February 2024

Background: Healthcare workers play a key role in the prevention and control of communicable diseases but some studies have reported  concerns with their vaccine hesitancy. To address the concerns, there is a need to investigate the time to acceptance to inform  programmatic interventions. This study determined the time to acceptance and further investigated the possible reasons for the time to  acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine among the 256 healthcare workers in Homa Bay town sub-county, Homa Bay county in western  Kenya.

Method: A cross-sectional web-based study was done between August 2022 to October 2022. An online survey was used to collect  quantitative data, which was analyzed using SPSS version 23 and Pearson’s Chi-square test. However, the qualitative data was analyzed  using thematic.

Results: The uptake level was at 98.8% and 60.9% of HCWs accepted the vaccine within the first six months of rollout,  83.6% accepted it within the first year of vaccine rollout and 1.2% did not accept it after more than one year of rollout. The qualitative  results suggest the reason for the slow time to acceptance of the vaccine is side effects and concerns with the safety and effectiveness.  

Conclusion: The study shows that the time to acceptance of the vaccine by the HCW remains a public health concern. Consequently,  there is a need to explore strategies to improve the time to acceptance of the vaccines given the increasing pandemics. We recommend  further studies on time to acceptance with a cost-effective programmatic intervention.
Impact of Referral Guideline Enforcement on Orthopedic and Trauma Admissions at Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kenya: A Pre-Post Test Design
Authors: Omondi Maxwell Philip , Kipkemoi Max Korir , Owiti Omolo Jack
Published: February 2024

Background: The suboptimal utilization of tertiary health facilities and inadequate management of referral systems in low- and middle-income countries pose challenges to health system administration, characterized by frequent self-referrals and bypassing of lower-tier health facilities. On July 1, 2021, Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) implemented referral guidelines, mandating that all admitted patients be referred from lower-tier health facilities, aligning with the KNH legal statute of 1987. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of enforcing referral guidelines on the spatial distribution of orthopedic and trauma admissions at KNH.

Methodology: A pre-posttest study design was employed, reviewing a total of 459 and 446 charts in 2021 before and after the enforcement of referral guidelines. Measures of central tendencies and Chi-squared tests were applied, and density plots were generated using Geographic Information System (QGIS 2.18.19) to illustrate the spatial distribution of admissions.

Results:  of KNH admissions, 85.3% and 79.3% originated from Nairobi County and its environs. Admissions were geographically diverse, with a notable concentration from Nairobi County and its environs. Enforcement of referral guidelines led to a significant decrease in admissions from Nairobi County, dropping from 64.3% to 56.9% (p=0.019). Declines were particularly observed in Kamukunji, Embakasi, and Ruaraka sub-counties, serving as the catchment population for Mama Lucy Kibaki Referral Hospital. Conversely, admissions from Kibra and most of Kajiado County were notable. There was a concurrent increase in admissions from other parts of the country (p = 0.003).

Conclusion: Over four-fifths of KNH admissions are from Nairobi County and its environs. The enforcement of referral guidelines resulted in decreased local admissions and an uptick in admissions from other regions in the country.
Nutritional supplement and pharmaceutical potential of Ipomea batata L. leaves: A review
Authors: H. Ahmed , S. R Babura , S Shaayau
Published: February 2024

Sweet potatoes are an exceptionally essential crop in several parts of the world, being produced in more than 100 countries and positioned as sixth most major crop in the world. The world production of sweet potato has steadily declined with the exception of America and Sub-saharan Africa in the last decade. The study was intended to provide the latest information on sweet potato leaves and its nutritional and medicinal potential. It was first introduced into Nigeria in late 1694 through the early activities of Portuguese and Spanish explorers. Nigeria is one of the largest producers of sweet potato in sub-Saharan Africa with annual production estimated at 3.46 million tons per year. The sweet potato can, however, be harvested many times during the year considerably more than many other greens vegetables. It is one of the few vegetables that can be cultivated in both rainy and dry seasons. Sweet potato leaves are considered to be rich in protein, fibers, vitamin B, Vitamin C and minerals, such as iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc, dietary bioactive compounds, and contain more phenols than any other commercial vegetables. The pharmaceutical importance includes anti-inflammatory,anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-diabetes and anti-mutagenic among others. Sweet potato leaves could serve as an additional leafy green vegetable and promote food security forsustainable growth.
Haematological parameters associated with malaria in pregnant women attending general hospital Kaltungo, Gombe State, Nigeria
Authors: J. L Daniel , P. Vandi
Published: February 2024

Malaria during and after pregnancy remained a major public health concern in the tropics andsubtropics. This becomes necessary to investigate the anaemic level of pregnant women attending General Hospital Kaltungo, Gombe State. The study was conducted in General Hospital, Kaltungo, Kaltungo Local Government Area of Gombe State. Cross-sectional survey was conducted on consecutive pregnant women attending ante-natal over a period of 6 months (January to June); in 2018. Data was obtained from 300 pregnant women. The pregnant women were between the ages of 17 to 45 years. About 5 ml of venous blood samples were taken from each patient in EDTA tubes for malaria parasite and haematological examinations. Analysis of Malaria parasites was done using microscopy techniques, while haematological indices (Packed Cell Volume, Haemoglobin and White Blood Cell) were analyzed. Out of the 300 pregnant women that took part in the study only 17 (5.67%) had malaria parasites. The haematological parameter of the pregnant women infected with malaria parasites; showed that those with normal PCV range about age, (37 ≥ years and above); had the highest number of pregnant women 2 (100%). The same pattern was also observed with similar age range on normal haemoglobin. The low prevalence of malaria parasites among pregnant women in Kaltungo, Gombe state, showed that the intervention programme is effective.
Heavy metals assessment of farmland soil in Bagega mining community, Zamfara State, Northwestern Nigeria
Authors: O.O Sholadoye
Published: February 2024

The present study was conducted to examine the level of heavy metals pollution of farmlandsoil at Bagega community, Anka Zamfara State as a result of artisanal and illegal mining activities going on in the community. Soil samples were collected from farmland soil at thedepth of 15cm, acid digestion was carried out and the solution was subjected to Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer model Varian AA240FS for the metal analysis. The level of soil contamination were assessed by Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo) and Pollution Load Index (PLI). The Geo-accumulation studies show that the soil was moderately polluted by Pb (1.21 mg/kg), Fe (0.9 mg/kg), Zn (0.91 mg/kg) and Cu (1.46 mg/kg). The Pollution Load Index result shows that farmland soil was polluted, with PLI value of 2.1. Also, the geochemical distribution of the metals in the soil samples was revealed by sequential extraction procedures which show that 90 % of the metal concentrations were found in the residual fractions. This signified high level of heavy metals contamination of the farmland soil is associated with the anthropogenic activities such as the mining activities going on in the community.
Review of Nigeria biosecurity architecture: Prospects, challenges and awareness
Authors: Igwe J.C , Adeboye S.E , Egbulefu C.S , Parom S.K
Published: February 2024

Ensuring immediate and effective biosecurity in Nigeria has become imminent following the turnover of events within Nigeria and the globe. These emanating events such as emerging and reemerging diseases, both in human health, agriculture and the environment, signal for safety towards one health approach. They also call for the need to ensure that the next outbreak of infectious diseases or reemerging global pandemic does not emerge from our environment or bioengineered by one of us in quest for research output. This fundamental has enabled us to review some identified issues and proffering possible recommendations.
Eco-toxicity assessment of fossil fuel tainted soil before phytoremediation trial
Authors: Ovenseri A. , Ogunkeyede A.O. , Tawari-Fufeyin P.
Published: February 2024

The research objective was to assess the extent of fossil fuel toxicity in the contaminated soil for an improved appraisal before phytoremediation trial and eco-safety of the soil. We used Bonny light fossil fuel to contaminate soil at different percentage levels of concentrations (5%, 3%, 1% and 0%). We assessed earthworm weight change and survival rate and plant response of Zea mays to the various treatments. Our results show that soil treated at concentration level of 5% had the highest earthworm mortality rate while the control soils had the highest earthworm survival rate. In addition, there was a noticeable change in the body weight of surviving earthworms in the 5% and 3% treated soil. Germination, shoot length and root length of the experimental plant was not totally inhibited in all the different concentrations. There was greater germination percentage obtained in 3%, 1% and 0% fossil fuel concentrations. The study verifies that high fossil fuel contamination percentage affects the biota of the soil by inhibiting plant germination and growth as well as reducing the survival and body mass of earthworms in the soil. The petroleum oil percentages utilized in this investigation can support phytoremediation trial and proposes that petroleum oil soil contamination ≤ 3% is ecologically safe for plants and animals’ survival as well as development.
Enhancing biomedical applications: Modifying porous poly-di-methyl-siloxane (PDMS) structures with magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) to improve interaction with normal human breast cells (MCF10A cells)
Authors: Eluu S. C. , Oko A.O. , Eluu K. , Onyekwere U.U. , Ekuma E.T. , Okoye C.S. , Omoniyi O.A. , Obaji N.R. , Uzor S.
Published: February 2024

The phenomenon of cell-biomaterial interaction is responsible for adherent cells' adhesion to the biomaterial surface and the corresponding cell activities. The study aimed to enhance biocompatibility and versatility by modification of porous PDMS structures with MNPs for their safe interaction with normal human breast cells, MCF10A cell line. Preparation of the MNP-modified porous PDMS substrate was carried out by mixing a silicone elastomer base with a curing agent at a specific ratio, typically in a 10:1, followed by modification with MNP and the creation of pores of different dimensions. The substrate was subsequently characterized with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, the assessment of cell proliferation and fluorescence imaging was done using the Alamar blue assay and fluorescence microscopy, respectively. The result of the study showed that PDMS + MNP (non-porous) did not significantly differ in percentage Alamar blue reduction at 4 hours when compared to PDMS + MNP_0-150, PDMS + MNP_150-250, and PDMS + MNP_250-500. Additionally, all the groups differed significantly (P>0.05) from one another at 48 and 96 h, except the PDMS+MNP_150-250 group compared to the PDMS+MNP_250-500 group, which did not exhibit any significant differences (P>0.05). The result further showed that when compared to all other groups, the fluorescence imaging result revealed that, after 96 h, there was very little cell attachment and proliferation on the surface of PDMS+MNP (non-porous). Other groups demonstrated discernable cell adhesion and proliferation over time. These outcomes demonstrate the significance of porosity in influencing cellular interactions and highlight its role in cell proliferation on biomaterial.
Impact of first- and second-hand smoking on cardiac diseases in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: a preliminary cross-sectional study
Authors: Nirmala Dewi P. E. , Octavia M. , Himawan W. , Sugiyo D.
Published: February 2024

INTRODUCTION: Toxic agents from cigarette smoke can affect the cardiovascular system, especially coronary heart disease (CHD). The implication to the second-hand smoker was 80%–90%, similar to the first-hand smoker. This study aimed to provide preliminary data on the smoking effect among first- and second-hand smokers according to cardiac diseases in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted by prospectively collecting data from two secondary hospitals in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The collected data were descriptively analyzed to compare the first- and second-hand smokers to the variables. ANOVA or the Mann- Whitney Test, was also used to obtain the correlation of each variable across both smoking groups.

RESULTS: Among the 101 participants, we found that smoking habits can have a similar or even higher impact among second-hand smokers compared to first-hand smokers with respect to congestive heart failure (CHF) diagnoses (48% vs. 56%), IHD diagnoses (36% vs. 27.9%), suffering chest pain (39.3% vs. 27.8%), and shortness of breath (38.7% vs. 33.3%).

CONCLUSION: Smoking habits can increase the risk of CHD, especially CHF, and IHD, among first- and second-hand smokers. Indonesia's government should protect second-hand smokers and limit the exposure of first-hand smokers to cigarettes.
Comparative effects of intravenous esmolol and lidocaine on bispectral index during propofol-fentanyl induction in patients scheduled for elective surgeries under general anaesthesia
Authors: Oladosu O. O , Bolaji B. O. , Ige O. A. , Enaworu I. I. , Alawode A.
Published: February 2024

INTRODUCTION: Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation at induction of anaesthesia have been associated with awareness and haemodynamic fluctuations. Agents that can mitigate these effects should create better anaesthetic conditions. This study aimed to compare the effects of intravenous esmolol and lidocaine on the bispectral index (BIS) and haemodynamic responses during induction of general anaesthesia with propofol/fentanyl in adult patients scheduled for elective surgical procedures.

METHODS: This was a prospective randomized controlled study in ninety patients aged 18-65 years who were randomized into three groups to receive either IV esmolol 0.5 mg/kg, IV lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg or normal saline prior to induction of general anaesthesia.

RESULTS: The esmolol group had a significantly shorter induction time (p<0.0001) and a lower dose of propofol consumed (p<0.0001) than the lidocaine group. The mean pulse rate was significantly lower at the 1st min to 4th min post-intubation in esmolol and lidocaine groups compared to the control group (p values; 1 min= 0.005, 2 min= 0.008, 3 min= 0.023, 4 min= 0.018). There was a significant difference in the systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in the three groups at 2 min post-intubation.

CONCLUSION: Pre-induction intravenous esmolol 0.5 mg/kg was more effective than intravenous lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg in reducing the induction dose of propofol and the induction time. Esmolol also prevented increases in BIS better than lidocaine following endotracheal intubation but both agents were equally effective in attenuating the haemodynamic changes associated with laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation.
A Wanderer, Descendant of Wanderers: Nomadism in Martin Kukučín’s Travel Diary A Walk through Patagonia
Authors: Hudymač Aleksandra
Published: February 2024

The article discusses an extensive travel journal, entitled A Walk Through Patagonia, by the renowned Slovak writer Martin Kukučín (1860–1928). Recognised as a prominent representative of realism in Slovak literature, Kukučín experienced challenges associated with emigration throughout his life. His travel accounts, encompassing various destinations such as Dalmatia, Montenegro, France, and Patagonia, constitute an integral part of his creative output. In comparison with Kukučín’s other travel narratives, this particular diary documenting his journey to Patagonia stands out through its meticulousness and a distinct dual perspective of an author and a traveller. In his writings, Kukučín portrays himself simultaneously as a wanderer and expresses a longing for a sense of belonging in the world. This dual nature of the writer is reflected in the landscapes depicted, in which the imagery of Patagonia becomes intertwined with the underlying portrayal of Kukučín’s native region of Orava.
Paul's Principles of Pastoral Care in Acts 20:17-38 and His Challenges to Pastoral Leaders
Authors: Budiyono Budiyono , Jani Jani
Published: February 2024

This article aims to analyze the pastoral service practices of Paul that are worthy of being imitated by the local church leaders today by focusing on the content of his farewell speech to the elders of the church in Ephesus based on Luke's record in Acts 20:17-38. The narrative hermeneutic method will analyze each statement related to his service actions. The results of the analysis show the pastoral service practices that are lived, taught, and need to be imitated by church leaders today in Indonesia. The study results show that the Apostle Paul presents the principles of pastoral service that are timeless and relevant to the context of local church service today. The fundamental principles he taught and the challenges pastoral leaders face today are: First, making the most of time. Pastoral leaders in the present era are challenged to maximize every opportunity in their service, especially amid many distractions and demands of the times. Second, he emphasizes the importance of humility in service. Today's leaders must be aware of the danger of arrogance and constantly realize their trustworthy source of strength. Third, Paul not only serves with enthusiasm but also with deep emotion. This challenges today's church leaders to engage emotionally, empathize with the congregation, and feel grief and joy with them. Fourth, he often faces threats and dangers in his service. Church leaders must be ready to face challenges, especially when voicing the truth of the Bible in an increasingly secular cultural context. Fifth, serving with teaching. He emphasizes the importance of correct and profound teaching. In the information age full of false teachings, pastoral leaders are challenged to continue to provide teaching based on the Bible and relevant to their congregation.
PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR THE FORMATION OF THE READINESS OF FUTURE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS TO EDUCATE THE CULTURE OF GENDER RELATIONS IN YOUNGER SCHOOLCHILDREN
Authors: Ильина Елена
Published: February 2024

The article deals with one of the important modern pedagogical problems that have appeared in the education system – education of the young generation taking into account the gender approach. The author states that the foundations of the culture of gender relations should be formed already at the primary school age. That is why the training of future primary school teachers to educate the culture of gender relations among younger schoolchildren is of great importance. Pedagogical conditions for the formation of the readiness of future primary school teachers to educate the culture of gender relations among junior schoolchildren are determined (formation of gender competence of future primary school teachers based on the integration of the content of education and gender education; provision of preparation for the development and use of gender pedagogical games in the educational process of primary school based on subject-object-subject approach). The implementation of gender pedagogical games based on subject-object-subject relations in various lessons in primary school ensures joint educational and gaming activities of younger schoolchildren and contributes to the formation of the ability to interact with representatives of one's own and the opposite article.
UMA REVISÃO LITERÁRIA DAS FACETAS DOS DESIGNERS INSTRUCIONAIS NA APRENDIZAGEM AUTODIRIGIDA EM CURSOS ON-LINE
Authors: Silva Gabriel Bezerra
Published: February 2024

O design instrucional é uma metodologia de trabalho dedicada aos processos de análise, desenho, desenvolvimento, implementação e avaliação de cursos à distância, este, que se aplica desde o momento da concepção da oferta formativa até a sua implementação, direcionando seus esforços, com maior ênfase, na produção dos materiais instrucionais o tornando um método eficiente na aprendizagem autogerida. Desta forma, este artigo objetivou oferecer um breve panorama das facetas do design instrucional e suas vantagens e desvantagens metodológicas perante o processo de ensino-aprendizagem do aluno, além, de refletir como este serve para cursos on-line. Utilizou-se da revisão literária como procedimento metodológico para coleta e análise por ser um método eficiente que agrupa os resultados obtidos de pesquisas. Foram empregados critérios de inclusão e exclusão na coleta do material, utilizando-se de artigos e trabalhos científicos de revistas e periódicos com até 10 anos de publicação. Observou-se que o profissional independente de sua área de atuação precisar estar apto ao trabalho com o design instrucional, pois, este método necessita de um profissional que tenha uma formação ampla, que englobe habilidades de áreas como comunicação, design, sistemas de gestão de processos, sistema de gestão de pessoas, e tecnologias de sistemas on-line. Conclui-se que o suporte à metodologia para cursos on-line pode auxiliar nas tomadas de decisão na formação discente, pois, existe uma documentação específica para as ações de design instrucional, tais como, seus roteiros, material pedagógico, matriz instrucional, projeto instrucional, assim, facilitando sua implementação em várias áreas de ensino.
Narcotráfico a ocho columnas. Historia de la narrativa periodística sobre el narco en México
Authors: Marcial Jiménez Rodrigo
Published: February 2024

El objetivo principal de la investigación fue documentar los problemas políticos y sociales generados por la guerra contra las drogas en México que consignó la prensa nacional al final del siglo XX. Se aborda el periodo de gobierno del presidente Ronald Reagan y las políticas intervencionistas impulsadas por Estados Unidos en América Latina en la década de los ochenta. Además, se describen varios episodios delincuenciales cronicados en los medios periodísticos de la época, en los que participaron distintos miembros del cártel de Guadalajara y agentes de la agencia antidrogas norteamericana (DEA). Los casos en concreto que se exponen en este trabajo son: el caso Camarena, el caso Álvarez Machain, y el caso Posadas Ocampo. Los mismos fueron descritos por la prensa mexicana de la época, que construyó diferentes discursos y narrativas, que a la postre dieron paso a la aparición de los periodistas y el género especializado en el narcotráfico.
A Political Sociology of Education Policy
Authors: Gunter Helen
Published: February 2024

This book aims to restore the role of political analysis in education policy by presenting a new political sociology for framing, conducting and presenting research. In doing so, it will be the first in the field to connect political thinking from Arendt with sociological thinking from Bourdieu.
The Influence of Workload, Work Motivation, and Physical Work Environment on Employee Performance
Authors: Fitriyani Indah , Krisnandi Herry , Digdowiseiso Kumba , Saat Siti Aisyah
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the impact of workload, work motivation, and the physical work environment on employee performance within the Finance and Equipment Section of the Secretariat of the Directorate General of Livestock and Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture. The population comprises 150 employees within this section. Utilizing the Slovin formula, a sample of 110 employees was selected. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 23, employing multiple linear regression. The results revealed significant findings supporting the three hypotheses proposed. However, the abstract does not provide specific details about the magnitude and direction of these effects. The study suggests that the Finance and Equipment Division employees can enhance their performance by addressing factors such as workload, work motivation, and the physical work environment. Practical implications and recommendations for implementation are not explicitly mentioned in the current abstract. In summary, while the abstract effectively outlines the study's objectives and methodology, it could benefit from greater specificity, conciseness, and clarity in presenting the essential findings and their practical implications.
Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual Inses pada Anak dalam Hukum Positif Indonesia
Authors: Azzahra Elsya Ikhsani
Published: February 2024

The present study explores the phenomenon of incest, defined as a forbidden marital orrelational alliance wherein individuals engage in matrimonial or sexual relations due toconsanguinity or close familial ties. Incest is categorized within the realm of familial abuseor domestic violence, encapsulating acts wherein individuals coerce or compel their kin intoengaging in sexual activities. The primary objective of this research is to furnish readerswith a comprehensive comprehension of incestuous sexual violence against minors,elucidating the causative factors, typologies, repercussions on child victims, and thetherapeutic interventions available for both victims and perpetrators. Employing a legalresearch paradigm with a normative juridical research approach, this investigationprimarily relies on library studies or document analyses centered on written statutes andother legal materials. The factors contributing to incestuous incidents are discernedthrough an internal-external dichotomy, whereby internal factors pertain to thepsychological instability of the offender, and external factors relate to residing in a familialmilieu characterized by low socio-economic conditions. Children subjected to incestuoussexual violence often manifest profound behavioral alterations. Consequent adverse effectsmay include early pregnancies, with associated risks of abortion, and progeny resultingfrom incestuous unions are predisposed to heightened probabilities of physical and mentaldisabilities. Consequently, it is imperative to foster collaboration among social institutions,the community, the state, and familial units to proactively prevent and address incidentsof incestuous sexual violence.
Comparison of Moral and Economic Rights Between Indonesia and France
Authors: Eristadora Stephanie , Habibi Ahmad , Baehaqi Faisal , Widyastuti Tiyas Vika , Mashdurohatun Anis
Published: February 2024

This article endeavors to conduct a comprehensive legal juxtaposition of moral and economic rights within the contexts of Indonesia and France. Intellectual property rights, specifically copyright, constitute the focal point of analysis, safeguarding various forms of creative expression encompassing literary, artistic, and scientific works. Within the realm of copyright, a fundamental distinction exists between economic rights, which are subject to arbitrary transfer, and moral rights, which inherently vest with the creator or artist and resist divestiture. Employing conceptual and normative approaches, supplemented by data procured from library resources, this research adopts qualitative data analysis techniques, encompassing both traditional and online research methodologies.The findings of this investigation illuminate dissimilarities in the legal frameworks governing intellectual property rights protection between Indonesia and France. France accentuates the significance of cultural and moral rights, prioritizing the intrinsic connection between the creator and their creation. In contrast, Indonesia places greater emphasis on economic considerations and the protection of economic interests. These disparities manifest in the divergent regulatory structures governing industrial design and copyright in each jurisdiction. Notwithstanding these distinctions, the article contends that achieving harmonization and fostering a nuanced understanding of these regulations is imperative to facilitate cross-border collaborations within the global economy and creative industries. Such harmonization is pivotal for advancing the collective interests of nations and creators alike.
THE CREATIVITY PROGRESSION OF PRESCHOOLERS THROUGH THE “NITKOGRAPHY” TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Abugaliyeva G. , Akpaeva A.
Published: February 2024

Currently, to ensure quality education, innovative technologies are widely used in the training and education of preschool children. The innovative technologies used in the classroom contribute to the improvement of children’s creative skills, evoke a positive emotional response, and develop the child’s artistic and creative abilities.

Original vision is observed by one of the main roles in children's imagination. The theme's importance lies in the fact that this psychological progress provides a variety of constituents of a child`s creative progress. Many psychologists and teachers believe that the ability to create is inherent in the child’s nature, and an adult only needs not to interfere or interfere with his free expression.

However, practice shows the need to intervene in the process of creative development of a preschooler since not all kids can present the original activity process in a freeway. The effective way with the efficiency of encouraging the ability of creativeness and original thinking in preschoolers depends on the harmfulness of the activity. The kids nowadays are in want of qualified tutors who would influence them with their growth and spread in deep further.

The purpose of using the “Nitcography” technology is to increase the artistic taste of preschool children and motivate them to do manual labor. The scientific article examines the experience of using nitcography technology in the development of creative abilities and imagination of preschool children.
SliceOptiAI: Smart Resource Allocation for Seamless Network Slicing
Authors: Mathew Alex
Published: February 2024

An AI-driven model for resource allocation in network slicing is examined in this research paper. The model’s algorithm comprises three stages, each with its specific algorithm. Resource allocation begins with reservation, where the controller reserves minimum resources for each slice. The second stage is autonomous radio resource management, mainly focusing on AI model training and decision engines. The last stage is physical resource allocation, where resources are distributed to the slices and users. Simulations on MATLAB software indicated this model to be effective in enhancing resource allocation.
Palabras de Bienvenida
Authors: Prinzo Yamurri Humberto Diego
Published: February 2024

Palabras de Bienvenida.

ABCUR VIII. Reunión Conjunta de Argentina, Brasil, Chile y Uruguay. Reunión Bianual del Capítulo de Neurocirugía Funcional y Estereotáxica de la SLANFE.