ASSESSMENT OF THE RISK OF DEVELOPING CORONARY HEART DISEASE BASED ON TOTAL CHOLESTEROL IN BLOOD SERUM IN INDIVIDUALS OF DIFFERENT AGE AND GENDER GROUPS
Authors: Bernikova S. M. , Zakharova E. M. 
Published: July 2021

The determination and comparison of the level of total cholesterol in the blood in 240 relatively healthy men and women of different ages was carried out, and on its basis the likelihood of developing coronary heart disease in residents of the Shchuchansky district of the Kurgan region was estimated. There were revealed significant differences in the level of total cholesterol in the blood of men and women in the group under 20 years old and in the group of 21–30 years old. No significant gender differences were found in subsequent age groups. There was a significant increase in total cholesterol during life in both gender groups: in men, the indicator significantly increased from adolescence to old age by 58.3 %, in women – by 40.2 %.
A population assessment of the risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD) was carried out. In both gender groups, during life, we noted a gradual increase towards old age in the proportion of people who have a high probability of developing coronary artery disease, and a decrease in the proportion of people with a low probability, which is due to both internal risk factors (arterial hypertension, hormonal changes, slowing down of metabolism), and external (decreased physical activity, unbalanced diet, smoking, etc.). In 100 % of men and women under 20 years of age, the risk of developing coronary artery disease is low. The emergence of moderate risk in both gender groups was noted in the third decade of life, high – in the fourth. In old age, 30 % of men and 40 % of women with a high risk of developing coronary artery disease were identified, which is the highest indicator in comparison with all other age groups. Among women, a lower percentage of persons with moderate risk at the age of 21–30 years old and with a high risk in the group of 31–40 years old was found compared to men, which is probably associated with the protective effect of estrogens during the reproductive period of women.
In the group of elderly people with a moderate risk of developing coronary artery disease, moderate hypercholesterolemia was recorded (the level of total cholesterol in the blood in the male population was 5.74±0.23 mmol / L, in the female population – 5.71±0.23 mmol / L) and in the group of persons with a high risk of developing coronary artery disease, high hypercholesterolemia was noted in men and women (8.24±0.37 mmol / L and 8.10±0.28 mmol / L, respectively). In persons with a moderate risk of developing coronary artery disease, the average total cholesterol content is 40.4 % significantly higher than in persons with a low level of risk, and in persons with a high risk – 42.6 % significantly higher than in the group of persons with a moderate risk.
Thus, the results of the study showed the importance of conducting diagnostic examinations for the purpose of early diagnosis of diseases caused by an increased content of total cholesterol in the blood, as well as compiling reference levels of biochemical parameters for non-sick people of different age and sex for their further use in medical practice. As preventive measures to prevent the development of cardiovascular pathology, health protection and the formation of the priority of a healthy lifestyle in children and adults in educational and industrial organizations also play an important role.