bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die Verwaltungsgliederung Preußens zwischen historisch-ständischen, administrativ-staatlichen und liberal-politischen Interessen (1815–1867)
Authors: Manca Anna Gianna
Published: August 2018

The paper deals with the question of the administrative districts in an overall Prussian perspective and emphasizes, above all, the central political role played by the provincial districts and their main authorities within the spaces of the state and of administrative activity. On this basis, it will be possible to adequately appreciate the revolutionary but unsuccessful attempt to abolish them in 1848 by the liberaldemocratic wing of the Constitutional Commission of the Prussian National Assembly, as has not yet been accomplished within the existing historiography.

First, the origins of the spatial-territorial division of Prussia existing around the middle of the 19th century are discussed. Within this framework special attention has been paid to the introduction of a provincial division, which led to that organization of internal administration into four instances under the minister (provinces, governmental districts, districts, municipalities) which was a peculiarity of the Prussian political and administrative spatial division compared with the other states of the German Confederation. Questions such as those of the basic division of the state’s space are so radical that they are usually raised with some prospect of success only at the foundation of states or during revolutions. Immediately afterwards, they tend to be included in the list of ›depoliticized technicalities‹, although they retain their fundamental importance for ensuring the political and administrative continuity of the state.
Space and Administrative Boundaries at the Birth of the Italian Kingdom
Authors: Blanco Luigi
Published: August 2018

The essay analyses the relationship between administration and territory at the birth of the Italian unitary state. Following the discussions of the time involving scholars of diverse disciplinary provenance, politicians, and administrators, the essay highlights the main problems encountered by the design of the administrative districts of the new Kingdom of Italy: the territorial contradictions and the imbalances that conditioned their initial structure and subsequent history; the legacy of the boundaries and internal territorial divisions of the former states of the peninsula; the various proposals put forward for the country’s regional organization by geographers, statisticians and politicians, even before the completion of unification; the territorial and administrative problems of the new state: natural or artificial districts, small or large provinces, the weight of municipalities, projects of regionalization; the contribution of new sciences, such as geography and statistics; the choice of administrative centralization, with its inevitable consequences on the boundaries of territorial partitions, linked to the ›exceptionality‹ of the historical moment.
The expression of Drosha, DGCR8, Dicer and Ago-2 genes are upregulated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells under hyperglycemic condition
Authors: Soufi Farhad Ghadiri , Zonouzi Ali Akbar Poursadegh , Eftekhar Ebrahim , Kamali Kamila , Chegeni Sara Aghakhani , Zonouzi Ahmad Poursadegh
Published: August 2018

Objectives. It has been shown that dysregulation of miRNAs expression contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of the diabetes and diabetes-related complications. Drosha, DGCR8, Dicer, and Ago-2 are involved in the miRNA maturation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mRNA expression levels of these genes in the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under hyperglycemic condition.

Methods. HUVECs were cultured in normo-(5 mM) and hyperglycemic (25 mM) conditions for 24 h. As osmotic control, cells were treated with D-mannitol (25 mM, for 24 h). The mRNA expression levels of Drosha, DGCR8, Dicer and Ago-2 were evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR.

Results. The expression level of Drosha, DGCR8, Dicer, and Ago-2 were increased in hyperglycemic HUVECs compared to the control group.

Conclusion. Our results show that under hyperglycemic condition, expression of genes involved in the miRNA maturation was significantly increased in HUVECs. Upregulation of these genes may have role in diabetic complications through the dysregulation of the miRNA expression.
Importance of methodological details in the measurement of cortisol in human hair
Authors: Balagova Lucia , Jezova Daniela
Published: August 2018

Objective. The measurement of cortisol in hair became a popular and frequently used methodology in human stress research. This methodological approach, depending on the length of hair analyzed, allows to reflect cortisol secretion over prolong time periods in a retrospective fashion. There is a big variability in the experimental approaches to cortisol extraction used in individual laboratories. Moreover, there are many methodological details which are not described in most of the published papers, although they may be influential. The aim of the present study was to identify and optimize selected methodological steps of hair cortisol extraction.

Methods. As the starting point served the methodology of Xiang et al. (2016). A hair pool was used to test the procedures. The main steps modified were pulverization, methanol extraction and centrifugation.

Results. In the presented procedure, we decreased the speed and duration of the pulverization, we increased the volume of methanol and increased the time and speed of centrifugation. The results showed obtaining lower variability and higher cortisol concentrations than those we obtained by the methodology of Xiang et al. (2016), which was optimized.

Conclusion. The presented methodology is relatively simple and is likely to provide reliable results with low variability of cortisol concentrations measured in the same sample.
LDL and HDL lipoprotein subfractions in multiple sclerosis patients with decreased insulin sensitivity
Authors: Radikova Zofia , Penesova Adela , Vlcek Miroslav , Havranova Andrea , Sivakova Monika , Siarnik Pavel , Zitnanova Ingrid , Imrich Richard , Kollar Branislav , Turcani Peter
Published: August 2018

Objectives. Increased metabolic and cardiovascular morbidity has been reported in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Previously, we have found decreased insulin sensitivity and hyperinsulinemia in a group of newly diagnosed MS patients. We hypothesize that these features may be associated with an altered lipid profile and low, intermediate, or high density lipoprotein (LDL, IDL, HDL) subclasses accelerating atherosclerosis and thus contributing to the cardiovascular risk increase in these patients.

Subjects and methods. In a group of 19 newly diagnosed untreated MS patients with previously found hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance and a matched group of 19 healthy controls, the lipoprotein subclasses profile was determined. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to separate and measure the LDL (large LDL and small dense LDL), HDL (large, intermediate and small), and IDL (A, B and C) subclasses with the Lipoprint© System (Quantimetrix Corporation, Redondo Beach, CA, USA).

Results. No difference was found either in the conventional lipid or lipoprotein subclasses profile between the MS patients and healthy controls. We found an inverse association between the level of IDL-B with fasting insulin (r=–0.504, p=0.032), the insulin resistance estimated by homeo-static model assessment – insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (r=–0.498, p=0.035), insulin response expressed as area under the curve (AUC; r=–0.519, p=0.027), and area above the baseline (AAB; r=–0.476, p=0.045) and positive association with insulin sensitivity estimated by insulin sensitivity index (ISI) Matsuda (r=0.470, 0.048) in MS patients, but not in healthy controls suggesting the first signs in lipoprotein subclasses profile change.

Conclusions. Our data indicate that changes in lipoprotein profile and subclasses are preceded by insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in patients with newly diagnosed MS.
Unexpected bleeding after Exenatide treatment: a causative relationship or a coincidence?
Authors: Khoury Johad , Andrawus Elias , Bishop Boaz Y. , Azzam Zaher S.
Published: August 2018

Objectives. Diabetes mellitus is an endemic disease of the current era. It is important to treat it properly. All antidiabetic medications have side effects and various safety profiles.

Case report. Fifty-two years old patient with type II diabetes mellitus, who had spontaneous cutaneous and intra muscular bleeding after starting treatment with Exenatide. The patient’s history did not include any kind of spontaneous bleeding. Investigations did not reveal abnormal platelets count and function or coagulation profile. The use of the Exenatide was discontinued and during one year of follow-up, the patient did not experience an additional occurrence of spontaneous bleeding.

Conclusions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of spontaneous bleeding probably caused by Exenatide. The exact pathophysiology, by which the drug can cause spontaneous bleeding, is still not clear and has to be revealed.
Acute Pulmonary Embolism in a Teenage Female – A Case Report
Authors: Armean Iulia , Meliț Lorena Elena , Simu Iunius , Duicu Carmen
Published: August 2018

Thrombophilia represents a tendency towards excessive blood clotting and the subsequent development of venous thromboembolism (VTE). VTE is a rare condition in children that comprises both deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). This paper reports the case of a 16-year-old girl, admitted to the Pediatrics Clinic No. 1, Tîrgu Mureș, Romania, for dyspnea, chest pain and loss of consciousness. Her personal history showed that she had had two orthopedic surgical interventions in infancy, two pregnancies, one spontaneous miscarriage and a recent caesarian section at 20 weeks of gestation for premature detachment of a normally positioned placenta associated with a deceased fetus. Laboratory tests showed increased levels of D-dimers. Angio-Computed Tomography (Angio-CT) showed multiple filling defects in both pulmonary arteries, establishing the diagnosis of PE. The laboratory tests were undertaken to assist in the diagnoses of a possible thrombophilia underlined a low level of antithrombin III. Antiphospholipid syndrome was ruled out and genetic tests revealed no specific mutation. Anticoagulant therapy was initiated with unfractionated heparin and afterwards subcutaneously low molecular heparin was prescribed for three months. Later it has been changed to oral therapy with acenocoumarol. The patient was discharged in good general status with the recommendation of life-long anticoagulation therapy. Thrombophilia is a significant risk factor for PE, and it must be ruled out in all cases of repeated miscarriage.
Legality Letter of Statement of Khilaf in Indonesia Criminal Justice System
Authors: Hutabarat Rugun Romaida
Published: August 2018

In criminal law, a person charged with a criminal offense may be punished if it meets two matters, namely his act is unlawful, and the perpetrator of a crime may be liable for the indicated action (the offender's error) or the act may be dismissed to the perpetrator, and there is no excuse. The reasons may result in the death or the removal of the implied penalty. But it becomes a matter of how if the Letter of Statement Khilaf is the answer to solve the legal problems. The person who refuses or does not do what has been stated in the letters is often called "wanprestasi" because the statement is categorized as an agreement. The statement includes an agreement which is the domain of civil law or criminal law, so its application in the judicial system can be determined. This should be reviewed in the application of the law, are there any rules governing wrong statements in the criminal justice system. By using a declaration of khilaf as a way out of criminal matters, then the statement should be known in juridical rules. This study uses normative juridical methods, by conceptualizing the law as a norm rule which is a benchmark of human behavior, with emphasis on secondary data sources collected from the primary source of the legislation. The result of this research is that the statement of khilaf has legality, it is based on Jurisprudence No. 3901 K / Pdt / 1985 jo Article 189 Paragraph (1) of Indonesian criminal procedure law. However, this oversight letter needs to be verified in front of the court to be valid evidence, but this letter of error is not a deletion of a criminal offense, because the culpability of the defendant has justified the crime he committed. Such recognition, cannot make it free from the crime that has been committed.Keywords: Legality, Letter of Statement, Criminal Justice System
The Implementation of Diversion by the Investigator of Bandung Police Department Towards Narcotics Cases Conducted by Children
Authors: Akhmadi Herdiansyah , Tajudin Ijud
Published: August 2018

Narcotics crime is not only done by someone who has entered adulthood. In fact, the involvement of children in the vicious circle of narcotic crime has often been encountered. In response, the Government issued Law No. 11 Year 2012 on the Criminal Justice System for Children to accommodate children with legal problems. In the Criminal Justice System Law for Children found a concept that is not encountered in another law that is diversion. Diversion is the transfer of the settlement of child cases from criminal justice process to process outside of criminal justice process. The requirement for a child to be made a diversion effort is a criminal threat against the child is not more than 7 (seven) years and not the repetition of criminal offense. Drug Division of Bandung City Police Department in the period of investigation 2015 - 2017 has handled 7 (seven) narcotics cases done by the child. The success rate of diversion in the BCPD is more than 50%, although not a few factors can hamper the enforcement of diversion itself. This study aims to find out how the process of diversion conducted by BCPD Drug Division and whatever obstacles they face. This research was conducted using normative juridical approach method and empirical juridical research specification, that is by examining secondary data consisting of primary law material, secondary law material, and field research in the form of a third party related interview. It can be argued that the application of diversion is not easy but does not make the process of applying diversion of children stalled. In addition to the necessary reforms in the aspect of a legislative establishment, it is also necessary to develop the infrastructure and capacity building of the law enforcement in the implementation of the diversion process, so that the implementation of diversion system can be done optimally. Thus, Indonesia as a just state of law can provide complete protection and justice for children from the conventional criminal justice systems Keywords: Child Criminal Court System, Diversion, Law Enforcement
Tuning the Collapse Transition of Weakly Charged Polymers by Ion-Specific Screening and Adsorption
Authors: Chudoba Richard , Heyda Jan , Dzubiella Joachim
Published: August 2018

The experimentally observed swelling and collapse response of weakly charged polymers to the addition of specific salts displays quite convoluted behavior that is not easy to categorize. Here we use a minimalistic implicit solvent / explicit salt simulation model with a focus on ion-specific interactions between ions and a single weakly charged polyelectrolyte to qualitatively explain the observed effects.

In particular, we demonstrate ion-specific screening and bridging effects cause collapse at low salt concentrations whereas the same strong ion-specific direct interactions drive re-entrant swelling at high concentrations. Consistently with experiments, a distinct salt concentration at which the salting-out power of anions inverts from the reverse to direct Hofmeister series is observed. At this, so called ‘isospheric point’, the ion-specific effects vanish. Furthermore, with additional simplifying assumptions, an ion-specific mean-field model is developed for the collapse transition which quantitatively agrees with the simulations. Our work demonstrates the sensitivity of the structural behavior of charged polymers to the addition of specific salt and shall be useful for further guidance of experiments.
Evaluación de hongos entomopatógenos para el control biológico del mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus
Authors: Rivera Pineda Martha Giselle , Garzón Lozano Sandra Patricia , Villarreal Salazar Luz Inés
Published: August 2018

En busca de una alternativa de control del mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus en áreas urbanas se desarrolló el proyecto: “Evaluación de microorganismos biocontroladores sobre el mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus” cuyo objetivo fue evaluar la capacidad biocontroladora de diferentes hongos entomopatógenos sobre larvas del mosquito a nivel de laboratorio. Se evaluaron 16 aislamientos de hongos en diferentes concentraciones. Se constataron diferencias en el porcentaje de mortalidad producido en larvas de Cx. quinquefasciatus dependientes del tipo de aislamiento, de la concentración utilizada y del tiempo de exposición. Los aislamientos que presentaron el nivel de mortalidad más alto pertenecen a la especie Metarhizium anisopliae, seguidos por aislamientos de la especie Beauveria bassiana. El aislamiento que presentó el mayor nivel de mortalidad (100%) en menor tiempo de exposición (24 horas) fue Metarhizium anisopliae 99068 en una concentración de 1x106 e/ml. Por lo tanto este aislamiento es recomendado para su evaluación en campo y desarrollo de un producto comercial.
Estudio y progreso de redes PLC, enfocado a servicios de banda angosta
Authors: Rodríguez Malagon Luis , Rivera Escobar Juan , Castang Montiel Gerardo
Published: August 2018

En el presente artículo se abarca la temática de servicios de comunicaciones por medio de la tecnología PLC (power line communications), es decir, comunicaciones por línea de potencia eléctrica. El principal enfoque se encuentra dirigido a los servicios PLC de banda estrecha y banda ancha, en particular al acceso a redes de datos, como internet, por medio de la instalación eléctrica residencial. También se hace referencia a uno de los estándares más utilizados en países donde se utiliza esta tecnología, para la implementación de los servicios de comunicación, este es el estándar europeo para comunicación por línea eléctrica, el estándar CENELEC EN 50065. También se incluyen la domotica y la telemetría, como campos de aplicación de esta tecnología.
El desarrollo sostenible y sustentable como factor de crecimiento económico y social
Authors: Sánchez Sánchez Fernando
Published: August 2018

Los factores del desarrollo están asociados a una serie de variables, que permiten que las regiones crezcan de manera sostenible y sustentable, factor que necesariamente se da cuando hay una conciencia directa alrededor de la cantidad de recursos naturales que tiene un ecosistema y de sus factores de explotación, preservación y conservación. Lo ambiental ha tenido un papel apenas marginal en la teoría del desarrollo, donde ha ocupado una posición subordinada respecto a la prioridad que se otorga al crecimiento económico. De este modo, lo ambiental se ha constituido en el convidado del piedra del desarrollo, un factor aludido y eludido al mismo tiempo que, sin embargo, ha terminado por convertirse en el elemento desencadenante de todas las contradicciones que esa teoría alberga en su seno. Por lo mismo, y más allá, esta tergiversación de lo ambiental apuntaba a otra de más amplio alcance: la del significado histórico del desarrollismo liberal de la II posguerra, en tanto de marco de relación entre las especie humana y el mundo natural, tal como seexpresa en la situación de crecimiento económico sostenido –aunque mediocre e incierto– combinado con deterioro social y degradación social constantes, que caracteriza la evolución de nuestros países dentro del sistema mundial.
“Creando y sintiendo”
Authors: Reyes Escallón Mabel Constanza , Fajardo Velasco Jhon Fernando
Published: August 2018

Objetivo. El presente trabajo muestra las relaciones encontradas entre educación, cultura de paz y las artes plásticas, a partir de las percepciones de los estudiantes de educación media de la jornada tarde, en el colegio Nueva Delhi, con quienes se desarrolló un proceso reflexivo sobre diferentes manifestaciones de violencia y construcción de cultura de paz. El proceso investigativo se orientó en el marco de la Cátedra de Paz, el posicionamiento, la indagación y caracterización de problemáticas derivadas de la sensibilización frente a situaciones relacionadas con violencia, enfocadas a hacer visibles aspectos de género mediante representaciones simbólicas.

Metodología. El enfoque metodológico seleccionado fue la investigación cualitativa, paradigma que aporto a la investigación una mirada relacionada con el estudio de la realidad, en este caso la realidad escolar, su relación entre la educación, la construcción de la cultura de paz y las artes plásticas.

Resultados.  La  experiencia  práctica  permitió  comprender  y  analizar  en  el  ámbito  educativo, los aportes y limitaciones de las artes plásticas como estrategia didáctica para el fortalecimiento en  la  construcción  de  cultura  de  paz  y  reveló  que  mediante  éstas  no  solo  se  puede  contribuir  a  mejorar actitudes y conductas frente al manejo de conflictos; también se convierte en un medio de libre expresión de sentires, de comunicación y difusión de las voces de jóvenes, que pertenecen a una generación en tiempos de postconflicto a nivel nacional, a una comunidad en condiciones de vulnerabilidad  a  nivel  local,  debido  a  condiciones  emergentes  en  el  entorno  y  de  manera  tácita  a  movimientos de paz a nivel mundial.

Originalidad.  El desarrollo  plástico  se  materializa  en  una  instalación  de  carácter  artístico,  donde  se  muestran  objetos  construidos  por  los  estudiantes  que  participan  y  aportan  reconociendo  y  transformando de manera creativa acciones conflictivas que se traducen en algún tipo de violencia.
Proyecto de Traducción del navegador Firefox a la lengua nasa:
Authors: Urbina Pulido Fabián Andrés
Published: August 2018

Las TIC se han transformado en herramientas a las que puede acceder toda la población, sin importar su etnia, cultura, lengua o percepción del mundo. Sin embargo, el acceso a estas tecnologías aún es lejano y difuso para algunos grupos humanos, entre ellos los hablantes de las lenguas originarias de América. Este artículo da a conocer una iniciativa que promueve la inclusión digital de los hablantes de la lengua nasa: se presenta el proceso llevado a cabo con los traductores de esta lengua durante la ejecución del proyecto Traducción del navegador Firefox para Android y de Firefox OS a tres lenguas indígenas de Colombia habladas en Bogotá. Se presenta la metodología y el proceso de traducción, se exponen los avances que dicho proyecto aportó para la apertura tecnológica de esta comunidad y para dar a conocer tanto la lengua y sus hablantes, como sus costumbres y creencias. Entre los principales hallazgos que arrojó la ejecución de dicho proyecto está la conformación preliminar de un corpus lingüístico relacionado con el campo semántico de la tecnología y la informática. La Investigación Acción-Participativa fue la metodología de investigación implementada, esta permitió la intervención activa de los principales involucrados en la problemática de la inclusión digital delos hablantes de la lengua nasa: el cabildo indígena nasa de Bogotá.
Ciudadanía restringida de las mujeres víctimas del conflicto armado en Colombia debido a las barreras de acceso a la justicia
Authors: Corena Alexa , Suárez Jorge E.
Published: August 2018

La violencia contra la mujer es tema pertinente para el análisis y la construcción de propuestas y alternativas de solución a este tipo de violencia que persiste en todos los escenarios, siendo más exacerbado e intenso en los espacios geográficos, sociales y culturales de conflicto armado en los que las mujeres son blanco de ataques propiciados por el hecho de “ser mujer” y que les revictimiza debido que se les impide ejercer sus derechos y libertades fundamentales, es decir su ciudadanía. El presente documento, teoriza en los temas de ciudadanía y acceso a la justicia a partir del enfoque de derechos humanos, evidenciando la articulación que existe entre estos componentes. Adicionalmente, describe las barreras de acceso a la justicia y presenta una reflexión que permite concluir que estos obstáculos impiden el ejercicio pleno de la ciudadanía a mujeres víctimas del conflicto armado, debido a que todos ellos obedecen a patrones sociales y culturales sobre los cuales se construyeron sociedades fundamentadas en las relaciones históricamente desiguales, de poder entre hombres y mujeres y se hallan anclados en la cultura patriarcal.
Manejo de tecnología e información científica en la formación universitaria
Authors: Castro Tesén Rosa Dolores
Published: August 2018

Objetivo. Demostrar que una propuesta didáctica que incluye el uso de herramientas tecnológicas desarrolla la habilidad del manejo de la tecnología y la información científica en estudiantes del nivel superior. Metodología. Investigación cuantitativa porque observó y midió a través de mediciones estadísticas la variable: habilidad del manejo de la tecnología y la información científica. La muestra de estudio estuvo constituida por 41 estudiantes, a quienes se les aplico un pretest para medir el nivel de conocimiento y utilización de la tecnología. Resultados. Se encontró que al inicio de la investigación los estudiantes reflejaron un nivel bajo en el conocimiento y utilización de herramientas tecnológicas y el manejo de la información científica, mientras que al finalizar los resultados de la investigación demostraron que la aplicación de la propuesta didáctica contribuye significativamente en el desarrollo de la habilidad. Limitación. El espacio de aprendizaje y el acceso a la conectividad, porque en el Perú, más aún en provincia, las facultades de universidades públicas, por este tiempo carecían de laboratorios en las mismas facultades, por ello fue necesario solicitar un espacio ajeno a la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Educación. Originalidad. Es original y de gran implicancia en el ámbito educativo ya que las Tics están transformando a la educación notablemente y los estudiantes universitarios deben formarse para utilizar y producir con las herramientas tecno-lógicas que tienen a su alcance. Al término de la investigación, se concluye que la propuesta didáctica desarrolla la habilidad del manejo de la tecnología y la información científica en estudiantes del nivel universitario; de la misma manera constituye una oportunidad para que los docentes incorporen nuevas metodologías en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.
Environmental educational model for community tourism of fakcha llakta community - Ecuador
Authors: Lomas Tapia Kennedy Rolando , Trujillo Carmen Amelia
Published: August 2018

The current research aims to answering the need to systematize and give continuity to the environmental education processes developed by researcher for over a decade, to promote sustainable community tourism in the Fakcha Llakta community, Cantón Otavalo, Ecuador. The purpose was construct an environmental educational model through the historical reconstruction of indigenous community experience, based in the practice of environmental knowledge. The work is based on the qualitative paradigm with an ethnographic, interpretative focus. Its structure is divided into 3 phases: 1. Immersion of researcher in the context for environmental historic reconstruction of community experience. 2. Disclosure of community environmental education practices. 3. Conceptualisation and construction of na environmental education model for sustainable community tourism. The obtaining informations is given through the participant observation in depth interview with community key informant. The results allowed the environmental historic reconstruction of community tourist experience trhough 16 identified points from social, ecological, touristic, declaration of forest area protection, management plan, construction of touristic infrastructure, environmental sanitation, capacitation, empowerment and protected area of community. Furthermore, rebuild the environmental education processes implemented for enhance the community tourism development, immersed in local vision of wich are summarized in: cognitive recognition and its relation with nature; establishment of interinstitutional alliances; consolidation of learning and continuity learning; integration of the school with the comunity in the teaching of community tourism, the incorporation of past knowledge for the development of tourism. Finaly, na environmental education model was developed for the responsible management of the area, from the sustainable tourist practice. The model contemplates its theoretical bases and the educational, social, technological dimensions, institutional, ecological, cultural and economic law policy.
Distorting the utopia of sustainability and eco-tourism: defense from the indigeneous perspective
Authors: Miranda Zambrano Gloria Amparo
Published: August 2018

The world should no longer postpone the renewal of paradigms. The urgency is oriented to serve two of the priority issues of worldwide interest: environmental deterioration and the civilization/dehumanization crisis, where greater interest is put in recovering the harmony with nature, in order to promote life and ensure its reproduction. Paraphrasing Houtart (2011), it is about achieving the Well-Being of the humankind, which implies, as a first step, the respect for the integrity of Nature, as a source of life. In this orientation and as an effort to add to this movement, the aim of this paper focuses on the resistance and protecting expressions witnessed in the ecological ejidal Ojo de Agua de Ballesteros, Salvatierra, Guanajuato, which by promoting the ejidal ecological tourism, is actually doing no more than preserving its property and natural patrimony and thus the sustainability of its environmental offer. The research methodology is based on the Participative Action Research, through the application of guided in-depth interviews, case studies, elaboration of diagnostics and participative observation. As one of the main result of this survey, we show how the collective action among his actors is fundamental to build a rural sustainability, as a mean of assuming a global ecological mission.
Control Points of the Compaction Technology for Subgrades and Pavements in Municipal Road Engineering
Authors: Li Pingju , Shi Mengzhen
Published: August 2018

With the rapid development of currentÂ social economy, Chinaâ€™s infrastructure construction is constantly increasing. The development of transportation industry and road structure which serve as infrastructure facility for the vehicles are fundamental aspect in economy growth. Itâ€™s not only convenience to people fortravel, but also as a good foundation for the development of economy. Therefore, the quality of road construction is of great significance importance in the process of development. As technology advances, engineering construction is continuously expanding, especially in the road engineering sector. In this point, itâ€™s necessary to impose strict quality control over related matters and ensure the quality and safety of municipal road construction. In the construction of municipal road engineering, one of the most important components is the compaction of subgrades and pavements, which requires more supervision. The compaction should match the requirements of road design and implementrelevant work.
Interconnection of Educational and Professional Standards
Authors: Dementev D. V.
Published: August 2018

The paper discusses some issues of existing norms and requirements to educational and professional activities. The required soft (non-technical), general professional and professional skills are prescribed by educational standards, job descriptions are regulated by professional standards. Higher education programs must provide quality professional skills. A mandatory assessment and monitoring of professional skills should become a powerful motivator for employees’ long-life learning and selfeducation. A criterion for assessing the quality of education is a graduate who works in the specialty and qualitatively fulfils the job responsibilities. The reference to the statistics in educational and budgeting spheres is used to raise the problem of practical compliance of educational standards and professional job functions. Educationalstandardsshouldspecifythejobsappropriateforthegraduate.The control over competence formation must ensure the qualitative qualification. The conclusion is made that an employer does not finds it beneficial to retrain a certified specialist. A graduate of higher educational institution should be able to immediately fulfill the duties stated in his job description. In all stages of their higher education program, students should learn by doing to enhance skills by action learning, which must be ensured by the educational institution. In this regard, internship curriculum should be constantly monitored and regularly updated. There is an urgent need for educators to take up part-time jobs with relevant non-educational organizations or to receive regular refresher training. As for engaging outside professionals from non-educational organizations, it could be considered only as exception. It is proposed to develop a separate educational standard for the training of lecturers of higher education, as teachers must master the methodology of teaching students. A standard to guide professional activities of lecturers should also be worked out and recommended for practical application. This standard should be an extension of the educational standard. The potential and viability of this study is proved by the draft educational standards that put educational skills in compliance with professional standards (job descriptions).The growing number of publications on harmonizing educational and professional standards is also an evidence of its topicality.
Harmonization of Accounting, Auditing and Analysis in a Digital Economy
Authors: Rozhnova O. V.
Published: August 2018

The article analyzes the reasons for the need for harmonization of various areas of accounting, including ambiguity in the interpretation of a number of terms, the meaning of important indicators, the application of certain methods, and the lack of a unified concept that unite all areas of accounting with a single goal. In a digital economy, the negative impact of these differences on the effectiveness of the accounting area is manifested especially bright. As a result, the transformation of the accounting sphere becomes a priority in the situation when the information, knowledge of any subject of the economy represents a resource of the highest value. In the article, only four areas of research are considered, according to which, first of all, it is necessary to achieve a correspondence between the areas of the accounting sphere: the approach to virtual operations; scope of using probabilistic indicators; terminology; details of accounting information. Also, a proposal was made to develop a unified concept for accounting, auditing and analysis in the digital economy (including also integrated reporting in the accounting area). This concept should be based on the capabilities of digital technologies that allow instant communication between different sources of information and handle Big Date. The goal of a single accounting concept is to create knowledge (information resource) in relation to both individual economic entities and their groups, as well as other new structures and forms of their cooperation for all interested users. Three principles on which the development of the accounting sphere in the conditions of the digital economy should be built: the provision of information security; continuous interaction of the accounting sector with other areas of the economy; visualization of knowledge. These three principles form the priority directions for further research into the development of the accounting sector in the digital economy.
Two Key Tasks of Accounting
Authors: Kolchugin S. V.
Published: August 2018

In the article, two main tasks of accounting are considered, which were formulated by Italian professor Vincenzo Giitti at the end of the nineteenth century, namely, the task of creating a scientifically sound accounting theory, and the task of developing accounting methods that meet the needs of modern enterprises. It is noted that at the present stage of development of accounting, these tasks have not lost their relevance. Despite all the attempts made, the generally recognized scientific theory of accounting has not yet been created, and the existing methods of accounting do not correspond to the needs of organizations created in the form of large integrated structures. The conducted research has shown that presently in the economy of the Russian Federation the significant share is occupied by the organizations carrying out financial and economic activity through affi ed and dependent societies. Organizations with a branched, integrated structure that includes subsidiaries and affiliates, as well as affiliated persons, account for at least 37% of the aggregate output of Russian organizations (total revenue of organizations) and a significant share of the capitalization of Russian organizations. The author argues that the existing consolidation methods provided for by international fi reporting standards are outside the accounting methodology, which, in turn, actualizes the problem of developing consolidated accounting methodology.
Standardization of Russian Management Accounting as a Condition for its Further Development
Authors: Vakhrushina M. A.
Published: August 2018

The subject of this article is the multitude of processes of management accounting standardization. Its goal is to justify the need for standardization of management accounting as an initial stage in the development of its institutional environment and working out ways to solve this problem.

To achieve this goal, the present article analyzes Russian and foreign scientific publications which are devoted to the problems of standardization of the accounting system, and critically assesses the current practice in the field of standardization of management accounting. In the process of research, the methods of logical and expert analysis were used.

The article outlines the negative consequences of the lack of institutional regulation of management accounting inRussia— both for the further development of its theory and for practical advancement. The negative impact of the current situation on the educational process was especially noted.

The urgent need for standardization of Russian management accounting as the first stage of the institution of its institutional regulation has been revealed. Particular attention is paid to possible directions of standardization of management accounting in the public sector, as well as the development of a professional standard «Managerial Accounting Specialist».

The conclusion is made on the need to standardize management accounting at two levels — macroeconomic, which involves developing standards that take into account the specifics of different sectors of the economy, and at the level of microeconomics, which means the development of internal standards and regulations directly by business entities, taking into account the first-level standards.
Normative Production Accounting in the Digital Economy: Issues and Solutions
Authors: Polulekh M. V.
Published: August 2018

In the digital economy the task of real-time monitoring of the state of production chains creates an objective need to restore normative economy. Detailed study of normative production accounting becomes particularly relevant and significant. The aim of the study was to classify the issues of normative production accounting and to justify the ways of solving them for further standardization and regulation of analytical procedures. Empirical methods such as observation, comparison, induction and deduction were used in the study. The article reports the results of the retrospective analysis of the provisions and practices of the normative method as well as the state of the deployment of the production operations and chains in the current context. It was determined that the formula for the normative method requires modification while the algorithm for allocation of indirect costs requires justification and interpretation. The study concludes that theoretical and methodological provisions of the normative method should be developed regarding the business processes. The set of characteristics which determines competitiveness of business processes was argued as the accounting object. Basing on this it was proven that there is need for further development of national standards for statistics, metrology, accounting as well as for the use of a common classification of industries and typology of production.
Caracterización fisicoquímica de un efluente salobre de tilapia en acuaponia
Authors: Campos-Pulido Rosa , Alonso-López Alejandro , Avalos-de la Cruz Dora Angélica , Asiain-Hoyos Alberto , Reta-Mendiola Juan Lorenzo
Published: August 2018

Losobjetivos delestudiofuecaracterizarfisicoquímicamente un efluente salobre de tilapia en producción comercial y evaluar el crecimiento de tres tipos de vegetales herbáceas en acuaponia. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar. Los intervalos encontrados en los parámetros fueron: temperatura del agua (20-31.5 °C), pH (5.7-7.59), oxígeno (4-5.3 mg L-1), conductividad eléctrica (3.1-8.57 dS m-1), bicarbonatos (0.60-2.60 Meq L-1), cloruros (27-85.7 Meq L-1), sulfatos (2.29-4.16 Meq L-1), amoniaco (2-50 mg L-1), nitritos (0.035-1.84 mg L-1), nitratos (0.10-24.60 mg L-1), calcio (1.02-14.29 Meq L-1), magnesio (3.52-16.17 Meq L-1), potasio (0.15-11.93 Meq L-1), dureza total (280.08-1398.7 mg L-1), sólidos disueltos totales (2109.30-5519.00 mg L-1), relación de absorción de sodio (9.62-32.09 Meq L-1). Los coliformes totales y fecales estuvieron en los límites indicados en la Norma Mexicana NOM-001-ECOL-1996. En acuaponia, las especies Petroselinum purpuratus Harv no resistió a las condiciones del efluente; mientras que, Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng, presentó menor altura en comparación con la siembra tradicional. En contraste tanto en acuaponia como en siembra tradicional la Mentha X verticillata L. observó un buen crecimiento.
Nitrógeno y potasio en la acumulación de biomasa en dos especies de alcatraz
Authors: Trejo-Téllez Libia Iris , Torres-Flores Nadia Issaí , Tejeda-Sartorius Olga , Trejo-Téllez Brenda I. , Ramírez-Martínez Maribel , Gómez-Merino Fernando Carlos
Published: August 2018

Se evaluó el efecto de tres dosis nitrógeno (0.5, 1.5 y 2.5 g planta-1) aplicadas en la fase vegetativa y tres dosis de potasio (4, 6 y 8 g planta-1) aplicadas en la fase reproductiva sobre la biomasa seca por órganos (flores comerciales constituidas por espata y espádice, hojas, escapos f lorales y rizomas) de dos especies de alcatraz (Zantedeschia albomaculata (Hook) Baill. cv. Captain Murano y Z. elliotiana (Watson) Engl. cv. Solar Flare). El experimento fue conducido en invernadero utilizando como sustrato una mezcla de tezontle de 3 mm/ perlita (60/40, v/v). Se observaron respuestas diferenciales a los tratamientos de fertilización entre especies. La especie Z. albomaculata fue más sensible a la fertilización, dado que en ésta se incrementaron de manera significativa las biomasas secas de flores comerciales y hojas con las dosis más altas de N y K suministradas. Independientemente de la dosis de K suministrada en la fase reproductiva, el mayor peso de biomasa de rizoma se registró en las plantas tratadas con la dosis baja de N en la fase vegetativa. De acuerdo con estos resultados, la fertilización con N y K por fases fenológicas inf luye de manera diferencial la producción de biomasa seca en el género Zantedeschia.
Nutrimentos y carbohidratos en plantas de Agave angustifolia Haw. y Agave karwinskii Zucc
Authors: Cruz García Hermila , Enríquez-del Valle José Raymundo , VelascoVelasco Vicente Arturo , Ruiz Luna Judith , Campos Ángeles Gisela Virginia , Aquino García Diana Elizabeth
Published: August 2018

La mayoría de las especies de agave que se utilizan para elaborar el mezcal en Oaxaca, desarrollan en terrenos con pendientes pronunciadas, pedregosos y suelos de baja fertilidad; sin embargo, no es común fertilizar los cultivos de agave, por lo que se requiere conocer la condición nutrimental de las plantas adultas que se cosechan. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la concentración nutrimental en hojas y tallos; características morfológicas y azúcares reductores totales (ART) en piñas (tallo y base de hojas), de plantas adultas de Agave angustifolia Haw. y A. karwinskii Zucc. La investigación se realizó en el 2010, en cuatro localidades del estado de Oaxaca. En plantas que agricultores seleccionaron y cosecharon, se registraron características morfológicas de sus tallos, se tomaron muestras de hoja y tallo para su análisis en laboratorio. Los resultados mostraron que las piñas de Agave angustifolia Haw. y A. karwinskii Zucc. tuvieron en promedio 80.87 y 22.59 kg de peso fresco, 37.10 y 20.21 cm de diámetro, 67.23 y 97.47 cm de longitud; el contenido de nutrimentos en tejidos foliares (mg g-1 de peso seco) fue, 8.68 y 8.99 N, 1.26 y 1.61 P, 8.97 y 8.85 K, 40.26 y 66 Ca. En las piñas el contenido de nutrimentos (mg g-1 de peso seco) fue, 4.30 y 5.33 N, 0.28 y 0.33 P, 1.58 y 2.75 K, 10.25 y 10.13 Ca. Del peso fresco de las piñas de Agave angustifolia y A. karwinskii 21.16% y 27.29% fueron ART, respectivamente.
Caracterización de dos cepas de Pleurotus djamor nativas de Oaxaca, México
Authors: León-Avendaño Hugo , Martínez-García Rosalva , Caballero Gutiérrez Pablo , Martínez-Carrera Daniel
Published: August 2018

En México el cultivo de Pleurotus spp., está basado principalmente en el uso de cepas de alta calidad y productividad de procedencia extranjera (P. ostreatus), pero existen recursos fúngicos nativos todavía no estudiados con mejores perspectivas a nivel local. Se aislaron y caracterizaron cepas de Pleurotus djamor nativas de la selva mediana subperennifolia del municipio de Santiago Xanica, Sierra Sur de Oaxaca, para conocer sus atributos y el potencial para introducirse al cultivo en substratos locales como alternativa productiva y alimentaria. En septiembre de 2009 se recolectaron seis fructificaciones de P. djamor silvestres en buen estado (especie consumida localmente); se aislaron y purificaron dos cepas (ITAO-3 e ITAO-6) y durante el año 2010 se evaluaron y compararon con una cepa comercial (CPC) en velocidad de crecimiento del micelio en medios de cultivo EMA, SIM y PDA, así como sus características de color y textura. Se evaluó el desarrollo a partir de la inoculación sobre grano de trigo como soporte de micelio. Los resultados muestran que la cepa ITAO-3 tuvo mayor velocidad de crecimiento micelial en los medios de cultivo PDA y EMA, le siguió la cepa ITAO-6 que presentó similitud en crecimiento a la cepa comercial testigo CPC. En pruebas de elaboración de inóculo e invasión micelial sobre grano de trigo, la cepa ITAO-3 fue la óptima y muestra cualidades para cultivarse posteriormente en diferentes substratos.