bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STRATEGI FUNDRAISING DANA ZAKAT PADA BAZNAS KABUPATEN TANAH DATAR
Authors: Nopiardo Widi
Published: January 2019

Fundraising activities are essential for the operation of zakat management programs and its operations. In BAZNAS, Tanah Datarregency, it is found that in 2013, the total of zakat fundraising is Rp.8.418.272.757, -, 2014 the total of zakat fundraising is Rp. 8.754.155.665,-, 2015 the total is Rp. 9.179.036.735,-, 2016 the total is Rp. 11.148.298.358,-. While for the following years, it increases signi􀏔icantly. In 2014, Zakat fundraising was enhanced 3.99% with Rp. 335.882.908. It was from Rp.8.418.272.757 to Rp.8.754.155.665. It also increased 4.85% with Rp. 424.881.070 in 2015. It was from Rp.8.754.155.665to Rp.9.179.036.735. It also significantly boosted in 2016 for 21.45% with Rp. 1.969.261.623. It was from Rp.9.179.036.735 to Rp. 11.148.298.358. These facts indicate a precise strategy used by BAZNAS, Tanah Datarregency in doing zakat fundraising. This type of research was field research with qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through interviews, documentation, and literature study. The results showed that BAZNAS, Tanah Datar regency used strategy direct and indirect fundraising. If the muzakki have expressed their willingness to pay zakat through media campaigns and direct fundraising, BAZNAS, Tanah Datar regencyused three ways to ease the muzakki to pay their zakat. First, do direct cutting through UPZ which has been formed to be deposited into the account of BAZNAS Tanah Datar. Second, do "pick up theball", the of􀏔icer of BAZNAS Tanah Datar will collect zakat directly to muzakki’s place. Third, invite muzakki to distribute his zakat through the account of BAZNAS Tanah Datar.
PSAK 109: TELAAH PENERAPANNYA PADA BAZNAS KABUPATEN SOLOK
Authors: Rizal Rizal , Adella Fitri Sri , Minazzulami Hadiyati
Published: January 2019

National Zakat Charity Agency (BAZNAS) in Solok regency is trusted as an agency for managingzakat, infak, and alms which are received from people for it will be distributed to eligible ones. In reality, the􀏔inancial report of it is not referring to the statement of 􀏔inancial accounting standards from the IndonesianInstitute of Accountants (IAI), PSAK No. 109 on the accounting of zakat, infak, and sedekah. Indeed, it is still inthe simple form re􀏔lecting the numbers of zakat, , infak, and sedekah that has received and given to mustahik.This research aims to apply the statement of 􀏔inancial accounting standards (PSAK) No. 109 at BAZNAS,Solok regency. Descriptive qualitative was used as the design of this research. Data are obtained throughinterview and documents. The 􀏔indings showed that the system of fund accounting records of BAZNAS, Soloregency was still simple. It was only the records when the funds of zakat, infak, and sedekah were receivedand distributed. This 􀏔inancial record is noted at the ledger and recapitulated in the form of withdrawal anddistribution of funds. Indeed, it was a report on receipt and distribution of zakat funds. Meanwhile, a reportreferring to PSAK No. 109 was on the report of 􀏔inancial position, changes in funds, changes in school assets,cash 􀏔low, and notes on 􀏔inancial report have not been made by BAZNAS, Solok regency.
ANALISIS KINERJA KEUANGAN PT. INDO RAMA SYNTHETICS TBK.
Authors: Pasrizal Himyar , Oktaria Rina , Yenti Elfina
Published: January 2019

The research problem was on the unknown quality of 􀏔inancial performance of PT. Indo RamaSynthetics, Tbk in the form of the ratio of liquidity. Then, the purpose of the research was to analyze the􀏔inancial performance of PT. Indo Rama Synthetics, Tbk in the form of the ratio of liquidity, solvency,activity, and pro􀏔itability. Descriptive quantitative was used as the design of the research. The setting ofthe research itself was at PT. Indo Rama Synthetics, Tbk 2011 – 2015 period listed on IDX. It could alsobe accessed through website www.idx.co.id. The research itself was done during May to June, 2016. Thedata of the research were 􀏔inancial reports. The 􀏔indings re􀏔lected that the liquidity ratio (current, quick,and cash ratio) of PT. Indo Rama Synthetics, Tbk were in low quality since it was below the industryaverage. Meanwhile the ratio of inventory to net working capital of PT. Indo Rama Synthetics, Tbk wasabove the industry average. Seeing from its solvency ratio like debt to asset ratio, debt to equity ratio,and long term debt to equity ratio, PT. Indo Rama Synthetics was in suf􀏔icient condition because therewas an enhancement of ratio rate per years. However, the results were also remained the same for therate of average industry because it was above the average industry overall.
Efektifitas Pembelajaran Ditinjau Dari Pelaksanaan Supervisi
Authors: Lubis Fitriadi
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between teachers’ perception about supervision and teaching effectiveness. The data was obtained from 40 teachers. The instrument used in this research was questionnaire. The data was analyzed by using SPSS proram. The result of this study shown that the correlation between teachers’ perception about supervision and teaching effectiveness was 0.43. the contribution of teachers’ perception variable was 0.18% to teaching effectiveness variable.
STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF DALAM MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR
Authors: Kusen Kusen
Published: January 2019

Abstract                                           Learning is an interactive process between students and teacher. In order to motivate students to learn, cooperative leaning is really needed. The cooperative leaning gives big advantages to make students more active in the classroom. Students are possible to change ideas. As a result, their motivation are enhanced, their creativity are improved, and their potential were increased. In addition to this, students are not bored in learning. Due to good advanteges of cooperative leaning, it is recommended to use this technique in the classroomKata Kunci: Pembelajaran, kooperatif, dan motivasi.
السياق في تحديد المعنى
Authors: Jazuli Masnal
Published: January 2019

AbstractDictionary is not enough to give a meaning of a particular word or sentence. Therefore, one needs meaning in context to formulate the meaning in order to make sure the intended meaning, particularly the meaning of Holy Quran. It is no doubt that the similar meaning (synonym) has an effect on expansion. It gives a particular meaning on a certain sentence. As a result, meaning is sometimes restricted and can not be  intercpreted freely. It is safe to say that semantically, the meaning is restricted on a certain meaning. Pragmatically, howevers, meaning needs a context. So that meaning and context is related each other. Context, then is needed in interpreting the use of a sentence and expression.Keyword:  المعجم, الدلالة, والسياق, والتكنولوجيا
COOPERATIVE LEARNING STRATEGY TYPE STAD IN TEACHING ISLAMIC EDUCATION SUBJECT (PAI) AT SMPN 3 LENGAYANG
Authors: Trinova Zulvia , Dalena Sri
Published: January 2019

SMPN 3 Lengayang has applied STAD as a type of cooperative learning to improve students’ passiveness. The learning is initiated by forming study groups and assigning tasks to be discussed together. However, in fact the learning is not effective that the students still can not understand the materials properly. It is noticable that the tasks given have been done by one student only, meanwhile the others are less serious and rely on those who are willing to do the group work. This is a field reasearch which describes the implementation of STAD in teaching PAI qualitatively. Data collection techniques used are in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. As the result; 1) the planning of STAD strategy in teaching PAI at SMPN 3 Lengayang does not yet fulfill the requirement such as in organizing teaching materials (systematic/systematic demands with unsuitable time allocation), and detail of learning scenario (strategy step / method at each stage not clearly illustrated). 2) the implementation of STAD type in teaching PAI at SMPN 3 Lengayang is not fully implemented from the six STAD type cooperative learning steps, namely on teamwork and quiz, and 3) the evaluation in STAD type co-operative learning at SMPN 3 Lengayang is a written test or in the form of quiz. In addition, a test through a special quiz for individual assessment while group assessment is taken from group work. Especially the group with the highest score is given an additional mark.
DEVELOPMENT OF A THINKING SKILL TEACHING MODEL IN DISAIN PEMBELAJARAN SUBJECT
Authors: Herawati Susi , Fajar Najmiatul
Published: January 2019

The thinking skill teaching model which is based on metacognitive theory is a teaching method that requires students' skills in managing and controlling themselves to develop their thinking ability. The developed thinking skill model refers to four types of skills, namely problem-solving skills, decision-making skills, critical and creative thinking skills. The teaching model is developed to teach students’ thinking ability. This is a research and development study that adopts Borg & Gall (1989) steps consisting of four stages, namely (1) Collecting information (including literature review, observation of existing tools and creating research framework); (2) Designing (formulating research objectives, estimating funds and time required and research work procedures); (3) Developing initial product form (initial draft of product design); and (4) conducting initial field trials. Based on the result of the research, it is found that 1) the developed thinking skill model is the research that tries to develop a learning model to develop and improve students' thinking ability, 2) the theoretical foundation of the development of this thinking skill model is metacognitive theory, 3) the product validation result generated, in the form of modules and assessment instruments, is in valid category, because the products produced is in line with the theoretical basis used, 4) based on the practicality of the product, in the form of modules and valuation instruments, it was found that it is in the practical category, meaning that the resulted product is applicable in teaching students’ thinking capability.
A LITERARY STUDY ON THE NATURE OF QUESTION AND ITS TECHNIQUES IN LEARNING
Authors: Guspatni Guspatni
Published: January 2019

Questioning is a form of communication that supports learning. Questions asked during learning process can be used to evaluate students’ understanding on certain concepts. Through questioning, an educator can direct students to think and get involved in learning activities. However, asking good questions for cognitive functions is difficult. Low response from students discourages the educator to either ask or give more questions during the teaching and learning process. In this writing, types of questions, functions of questions, aims of questions, and questioning techniques are discussed. This article further provides sample questions in learning science.
DEVELOPING ISLAMIC CONTENT-BASED MATERIALS IN TEACHING VOCABULARY AT ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF TARBIYAH AND TEACHER TRAINING FACULTY OF IAIN BATUSANGKAR
Authors: Putra Hendra Eka
Published: January 2019

Due to the limited sources of Vocabulary teaching materials, the researcher was eager to design a model of vocabulary materials assumed needed by te students for their daily conversation. The design was a Research and Development applying descriptive procedure of three model suggested by Borg and Gall (1983) who propose three ways of developing a model of teaching material, namely: procedural, conceptual, theoretical.” Then, he followed the research procedure by Sugiyono (2007: 298) suggesting ten steps of a research and development: (1) identifying research problem, (2) collecting information, (3) designing the product, (4) validating the design, (5) revising the design, (6) testing the product , (7) revising the product, (8) applying the design, (9) re-revising the product , and (10) publishing the prooduct. In validating the model, he asked some comments from experts. Because of limited time and other reasons of doing the research, he just applied the step 1 up to 4. Based on the validation result, it could be concluded that the model had fulfilled the criteria both content and construct validity.
ISLAMIC EDUCATION TEACHERS’ EFFORTS IN DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ SPIRITUAL POTENCIAL IN LEARNING (A STUDY AT SMP N 29 PADANG)
Authors: Susrizal Silvia
Published: January 2019

This study was conducted because of the need to develop students’ spiritual potential in the learning process conducted by teachers of Islamic Education at SMP N 29 Padang. The purpose of this study is to determine the efforts undertaken by teachers of Islamic Religious Education to develop the spiritual potential of students in improving the learning process.In this research, teacher effort in developing potencial student has not  been maximal yet. Aamong the indication is that students have not showed their religious attitude to students either through attitude, behavior, speech or association because the learning model created in the learning process has not given opportunity for students to do so. So that the learning has not given meaning to the students themselves which resulted the ungrowth of the students’ awareness.
DEVELOPMENT OF PROBLEM-BASED TEACHING MATERIALS FOR THE FIFTH GRADERS OF PRIMARY SCHOOL
Authors: Fitria Yanti , Idriyeni Idriyeni
Published: January 2019

Due to the importance of attractive learning materials in achieving a qualified learning results, it needs to carry on the development of the materials. The aim of this research is to develop science teaching materials using problem-based-learning model for primary school students. The developed  teaching materials should strengthen the students' knowledge and thinking skills. This research and development refers to Thiagarajan model, consisting of defining, designing, developing, and dessiminating stage. The defining stage is conducted to have curriculum analysis, needs analysis, concept analysis and student analysis. At the designing stage, the researchers design the teaching materials. At the next stage, the proposed teaching materials are tested in terms of validity and practicality through validation sheet and questionnaire response of teachers and students. At the dessiminating stage,  the researchers conduct a limited-scale deployment to notify the effectiveness of teaching materials on the achievement of activities and student learning outcomes. As the result, it indicates that the problem-based-teaching materials obtain high validity, practicality, and effectiveness.
ANALISIS KESALAHAN PENULISAN PARAGRAF DALAM SKRIPSI MAHASISWA IAIN BUKITTINGGI
Authors: Jasmienti Jasmienti
Published: January 2019

The problem of the research was various unrevealed errors found in students’ theses at  Informatics and Computer Engineering Education  Department of IAIN Bukittinggi. This study is aiming at describing  the errors found in the students’ theses. This is a qualitative research which describes the errors of students’ writing theses. The data were collected through the technique bof documentary study. The source of data was the students’ theses. The research consisted of five phases; Reading, Identifying, Coding, Summarizing, Displaying, and Summarizing the data. The result describes five errors in students’ theses namely: uncohesive, uncoherent, incomplete, undeveloped, and   unsequential arrangement of paragraphs.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY LEARNING DISERTAI MEDIA GAMBAR TERHADAP KOGNITIF SISWA SMAN 1 KOTO XI TARUSAN
Authors: Afriyani Tika
Published: January 2019

Based on the preliminary studies at SMAN 1 Koto XI Tarusan, it was found that the lack of interest and motivation caused the students less active in the learning process. In addition, the teacher’s teaching model and media were not appropriate, especially within human circulatory system material that made the student learning outcomes still under  the Minimum Completion Criteria (KKM). This study aims at figuring out the effectiveness of Discovery Learning Model Plus Pictures on students’ cognitives at class XI students of SMAN 1 Koto XI Tarusan.This is an experimental research with the population class XI 2017/2018 academic year. The sampling method uses purposive sampling; class XI IPA1 as experimental class, and class XI IPA3 as control class. The instrument used in cognitive assessment is the final test with multuple choices. Based on the results of the study, the cognitive results of the experimental class were 81.05 and the control class was 77.39. From this study, it can be concluded that the application of the Discovery Learning learning model plus images influences the cognitive of class XI students of SMAN 1 Koto XI Tarusan
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MODUL GUIDED INQUIRY TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS MAHASISWA STIKES PERINTIS PADANG
Authors: Marisa Marisa , Fradisa Lisa
Published: January 2019

This study aims to determine the effect of the use of guided inquiry learning modules on critical thinking skills of students and comparing critical thinking skills of students taught through guided inquiry learning modules and conventional learning models. This is an experimental research. The data of the research were obtained through a test, and observatio . The normality, homogeneity, and the difference between the two sets of data were computed using the SPSS 16.0 For Windows program. Questionnaire result data for each student is given a score according to a scale. Then, the average score per statement and the average total score were found out. The results showed that the guided inquiry learning module and conventional learning could significantly improve students' critical thinking skills and the improvement of critical thinking skills with the treatment of guided inquiry learning models was significantly better than conventional learning. And the results of students’ activity in the experiment class are better than that in the control class.
PEMBELAJARAN ENGLISH PUBLIC SPEAKING BERBASIS PROJECT-BASED LEARNING
Authors: Apriyanti Difiani , Sumira Sumira , Sariani Sariani
Published: January 2019

Learning Public Speaking does not only include good speaking English but also gives attractive performance. However, this is not easy due to the fearness and anxiety with various symptoms such as a rapid heartbeat, wet palms, or vibrating sounds. In order to minimize the obstacles, Project Based Learning (PBL) is designed. The students are assigned to be public speakesr sharing the information about agency programs to public. The project was eventually documented in the form of videos. To find out the success of the learning, a qualitative descriptive study was conducted on the video project. The subject of the research was a female student whose  public speaking videos were analyzed. The sample was selected purposively   because women have greater public speaking anxiety than men do. As the result, at first, the students did not have problems in making the text (content) to be presented, but it was problematic in the delivery. The first video shows public speaking fear that has not been resolved so that delivery occurs at a low level. Secondly, while in the second video it shows self confidence resulting a high delivery capability. It can be concluded that having one real experience as a public speaker makes the student able to overcome public speaking fear or anxiety.
REORIENTASI LGBT DI INDONESIA (STUDI FIQH AL-HADITS)
Authors: Nasrun Mahdalena
Published: January 2019

Liberal NGOs such as Ardhanary Institute, Gaya Nusantara and Arus Pelangi devoted their bodyfor LGBT with a statement “my body is mine, not the one who has the right to govern my body, notthe parents, the state, and even the religion”. This movement is disturbing the community. Theresearch question of the study was how did LGBT exist in Indonesia? And how does fiqh al hadithview about LGBT. This study used normative legal research. The result of this study revealed that theexistence of LGBT in Indonesia in its history. Prohibition and punishment have been explained inthe book of Tuhfah al Ahwaz , the fatawa of MUI (Indonesian Council of Ulama) (1974, 2014)in line with the criminal code article 292 homosexsual acts, article 4 point 1a of the law onpornography and contradictory to article 1 of law № 1 of 1974 about marriage.
PENARIKAN HARTA HIBAH OLEH ORANG TUA TERHADAP ANAKNYA
Authors: Hamid Azwar
Published: January 2019

Considering the love and affection of parents that have been given to their children, it can be humanly judged that if the parents take back (ruju’) the property that they have granted to their children, then this withdrawal may be justified. However, when speaking of Islamic laws, what are the regulations found in Islamic law concerning with ruju’? Is it legally permitted? Dealing with this issue, Islamic scholars have different opinions. This research was library research with descriptive analysis. After analyzing the opinions of Imam Syafi'i and Imam Abu Hanifah dealing with ruju’ which were suppoted with  the reason of the two scholars, it can be concluded that the opinions of the two scholars can be used and carried out in accordance with the regulations that allow and forbid to withdraw the grant property.
DISKRESI HAKIM DALAM MENETAPKAN HUKUM DI PENGADILAN AGAMA KELAS IB BATUSANGKAR
Authors: Yunarti Sri
Published: January 2019

So far the verdict courts made by Pengadilan Agama (PA/ Family Court) have been criticized for being too fixated on legal justice approaches and lack of attention to social justice approaches. This criticism demands that judge's understanding of the law holds to the spirit that underlies the formation of the law. The judge needs to use his or her authority to exercise legal discretion, using more moral rather than formal legal ideas. A judge must understand the law in the right contest and act as a creative lawyer. Discretion is the authority of the judge to decide cases with more consideration of the senseof justice, public interest and morality, which develops in society rather than deciding on the basis of the decisions of the regulations contained in the Law. This authority can be used an alternative in response to the absence and weaknesses in the application of legal principles in Civil Law System. Thus the law is expected to play a maximum role to serve the interests of the dynamic community put the interests of both parties who are in dispute and growing as well.
SUKUT AL-SYÂRI` DALAM PERSPEKTIF IMAM AL-SYATHIBY DAN KEHUJJAHANNYA DALAM IJTIHAD
Authors: Ikhlas Al , Wardevi Riza , Wiza Rahmi
Published: January 2019

Islam is a perfect religion and there is no Samawi religion after Islam. All laws are derived from alShari (AllahSwt) and this has covered all forms of human behavior. All these provisions are revealed to the Prophet Muhammad PBUH. So this makes Rasulullah PBUH as the main source in teaching syari `at. However, after Rasulullah PBUH past away there is no more revelations that come down to humans. This is the problem among Muslims. On that basis, Imam al-Syathiby gave birth to the concept of sukut al-Syari ' as one method of ijtihad in answering the absence of legal proof in Islam.
INFLASI DALAM PRESPEKTIF ISLAM (ANALISIS TERHADAP PEMIKIRAN AL-MAQRIZI)
Authors: Awaluddin Awaluddin
Published: January 2019

Inflation is one of the macroeconomic symptoms associated with the decline in exchange rates (money) on goods and services market. One of the leaders of Islamic economics who specializes in his discussion of macroeconomics is al-Maqrizi. The solution offered by al-Maqrizi related to the problems that occurred in Egypt is to use the natural monetary system, the dinar and dirham become the base currency, while the fulus is published in a limited and only to buy trivial goods. Al-Maqrizi set the relative price for dinar, dirham and fulus. The relative price of dinar and dirham is 1:24, while the relative price between dirham and fulus is 1: 140. In addition to providing solutions to address the above three issues, al-Maqrizi also proposed solutions in a social perspective. This gives the conclusion that the impact of the economic crisis depends on the nature of income and wealth of each group. If the income is fixed or inflated but lower than the rate of inflation, then the condition is severe. Conversely, if their income rises higher than the rate of inflation, then their material welfare increases. Likewise with wealth in the form of money, they suffered losses because their purchasing power continued to decrease and they also had to increase the cost to meet the demands of the ever-increasing need.
KEWARISAN ANAK ANGKAT YANG BERKEDUDUKAN SEBAGAI ASHÂBUL FURÛDH (Analisis Terhadap Putusan Pengadilan Agama No. 287/Pdt.G/2006/PA.Pdg.)
Authors: Alfiander Dodon
Published: January 2019

The Case No. 287/ Pdt. G/ 2006/PA. Pdg. is a lawsuit Wasiat Wajibah submitted to the Religious Court of Padang. The Religious Court of Padang sets the plaintiff on this case as an adopted child who is entitled to obtain a mandatory will from his foster mother's estate. Where as between the plaintiff and his adoptive mother has a very close kinship relationship. The plaintiff is the real child of his adoptive brother's brother, while at that moment the plaintiff's adoptive mother was the heir of Kalâlah. The Law of Inheritance of Islam recognized the right of inheritance to the sister’s child. Sister’s son's inheritance is not clearly contained in the Qur'an and the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad pbuh. However, sister’s child's inheritance rights are basically through the extension of the understanding of other whose rights are described in the Qur'an, because if he or she has no sister and brother, the position can be replaced by the child. Sister’s child will not get the right as long as his father who connects him to the heir is alive. This can be understood as the concept of "Expanding Brotherhood Meanings". Thus, the decision of the Religious Court of Padang on the Wasiat Wajibah which sets the plaintiff to obtain the right to the property of his adoptive mother through Wasiat Wajibah is not appropriate. This is because the plaintiff has a very close kinship with his adoptive mother. Therefore, the plaintiff is more aptly part of the heritage of his adoptive mother through his right as an heir (ashâbul furûdh), not as a mandatory will. This is because the plaintiff replaces the position of his biological father as the heir because he has died earlier than his adoptive mother. The Plaintiff is entitled to receive a share of furûdh against the inheritance of his adopted mother. The furûdh portion obtained is based on the letter of al-Nisâ verse 176.
TUNTUTAN KEADILAN PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Zulkifli Zulkifli
Published: January 2019

The justice is viewed from any perspectives and aspects, it means the justice must be positioned as well as possible depends on the situation and time (when and where). In law empowerment all people have the same position and they should get their human right. Method which is used in this study was library research. There is a phenomena where the human right is not found in every human life, but actually it must reach all factors of the human life which having different and balanced. In deciding the justice for human life, it must be as proportional as possible eventhough the right is not always reaching the same position.
KONSEP TA’WIL USHULIYYIN DAN RELEVANSINYA DENGAN PEMBAHARUAN HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Dedi Syahrial
Published: January 2019

The experts of the Islamic law methodology (Ushuliyyin) have inherited the ta'wil method; a method of discovering the esoteric meaning in the textual disclosure.  The application of ta'wil method must be exactly based on predetermined rules of play. The mistake of understanding a method will have negative impact toward the law product. This phenomena was worried about by the ushuliyyin very much. This research is a library study with content analysis method. This study concludes that ta'wil according to ushuliyyin that is, the abrogation of a pronouncement of the meaning of zhahir to another meaning which is not quickly captured, because there is a proposition that the meaning is meant by the pronouncement. Evidence of ta'wil in the form of nash, qiyas, luhgawiyyah, 'aqliyyah, and' adad ('urf), and the argument disputed is the wisdom of al-tasyri' (maqashid al-syari'ah) which is practiced only by ulama ushul al-Hanafiyyah. Ta'wil covers the furu' problems. Ushuliyyin finds some form of ta'wil, among which specializes in general pronouncing (takhshish al-'am), limiting the mutlaq (taqyyid al-mutlaq), transfer the utterance from the essential meaning to the majazi, or from the obligatory meaning of the sunnah. Generally the ta'wil method is still considered relevant to the renewal of Islamic law.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Risk of Dementia and Mortality in Lower to Middle Income Countries
Authors: Cherbuin Nicolas , Walsh Erin I. , Prina A. Matthew
Published: January 2019

Background:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major disease burden which accounts for 5% of all deaths globally, with most of those (>90%) occurring in lower to middle income countries (LMIC). It is also emerging as an important modifiable dementia risk factor.

Objective:

To address the knowledge gap surrounding the nature of the associations between COPD, dementia, and mortality, and the geographical variation of those associations in LMIC.

Methods:

Data from the 10/66 study surveying 15,394 participants (mean age 74 years, 62% female) across 8 countries was used to estimate the prevalence of self-reported COPD and its association with incident dementia and premature death. Proportional sub-hazards models using a cumulative incidence function were applied to identify the probability of incident dementia onset given the risk of premature death, with estimates pooled across countries via random effect meta-analysis.

Results:

Over the 3-year follow-up, almost 10% of participants developed dementia and 14% were deceased. COPD was not significantly associated with dementia incidence except in Cuba. However, fully adjusted models indicated that individuals with COPD were at a 28% increased risk of premature death, a trend present across most countries when analyzed individually.

Conclusion:

The link between COPD and dementia is currently somewhat different and weaker in LMIC than in developed countries. This may be because premature death in the populations studied mask the development of clinical dementia. Given the global trend toward increased life expectancy, it is critical that the disease burden associated with COPD be addressed without delay if a further rise in dementia prevalence associated with COPD is to be avoided in LMIC.
Potentiation of NMDA-Mediated Responses by Amyloid-β Peptide 1-40 in Rat Sympathetic Preganglionic Neurons
Authors: Lai Chih-Chia , Lo Hsuan , Lin Hong-Guo , Lin Hsun-Hsun
Published: January 2019

The abnormal accumulation of amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) is one of the main characteristics of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Cerebro- and cardiovascular diseases may be the risk factors for developing AD. The effect of Aβ on central sympathetic control of cardiovascular function remains unclear. The present study examines the acute effects of Aβ oligomers on the function of NMDA receptors, a subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptors, in rat sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs). In the in vitro electrophysiological study, Aβ1-40 but not Aβ1-42 applied by superfusion for 5 min significantly potentiated NMDA-induced depolarizations in SPNs of neonatal rat spinal cord slice preparation. Application of Aβ1-40 had little effects on AMPA-induced depolarizations or GABA-induced hyperpolarizations. Treatment with a selective protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor applied together with Aβ1-40 blocked the augmentation by Aβ1-40 of NMDA-induced depolarizations. Western blot analysis showed an increase in the levels of phosphoserine 896, selectively regulated by PKC, without significant changes in phosphoserine 897 on GluN1 subunits in lateral horn areas of spinal cord slices following treatment with Aβ1-40. In the in vivo study, intrathecal injection of Aβ1-40 (0.2 nmol) potentiated the pressor effects induced by NMDA (2 nmol) injected intrathecally in urethane-anesthetized rats. These results suggest that different fragments of Aβ may have differential effects on the NMDA receptor function and the selective augmentation of NMDA receptor function by Aβ1-40 may involve PKC-dependent mechanisms in sympathetic preganglionic neurons.
The influence of time of birth and seasonal variations on weight loss in breastfeeding neonates
Authors: Zia M.T.K. , Golombek S. , Lemon L. , Nitkowski Keever S. , Paudel U.
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND:

Breastfeeding (BF) neonates generally lose weight after birth. Neonatal factors like gestational age, birth weight and mode of delivery can affect the neonatal weight loss after birth. Similarly, maternal age, parity and illness may contribute to newborn weight loss. However, influence of the time of birth and season on changes in weight is not well elucidated.

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of birth time and the seasonal variations on weight loss in BF newborns.

METHODS:

In this retrospective study of a prospectively maintained database of two sets of groups, from January 2013 to October 2016, were evaluated- Birth time group and Seasonal group; Birth time of the groups was: night time 7pm to 7am and day time 7am to 7pm; and the seasonal variations groups studies were summer, fall, winter and spring. Weight loss of >5%, 7%, and 10% at <24 hours (h), 48 h and 72 h of birth, respectively, were considered as a significant weight loss. Preterm, exclusively formula fed and neonates admitted to NICU were excluded.

RESULTS:

A total of 2044 newborns were analyzed. In the birth time group, babies born during the night time had significantly lost >5% of birth weight at <24 h ( p < 0.01) and >7% birth weight at <48 h of life ( p < 0.02). Weight loss >10% at <72 h was similar in both birth time cohorts. C-section, prolonged rupture of membrane, and maternal pre-delivery hospital stay for >12 h were significant contributing factors. Whereas, seasonal variations were not associated with weight loss in neonates.

CONCLUSION:

BF babies born at night time lose significantly more weight during the first two days of life and seasonal association was not found to affect weight loss in the neonates.
Pulmonary mechanics measurements by respiratory inductive plethysmography and esophageal manometry: Methodology for infants on non-invasive respiratory support
Authors: Sivieri E.M. , Wolfson M.R. , Abbasi S.
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND:

Infants are commonly supported with non-invasive ventilation (NIV) such as nasal CPAP and high flow nasal cannula (HFNC). These modes utilize a nasal/oral interface precluding use of a traditional airway flow sensor, such as a pneumotachometer (PNT), needed for pulmonary mechanics (PM) measurements. Respiratory Inductive Plethysmography (RIP), when properly calibrated, records tidal volume non-invasively from chest wall movements. Our aim was to integrate RIP into an existing neonatal pulmonary function testing system to measure PM in infants on NIV and to compare measurements of dynamic lung compliance (CL) and resistance (RL) using RIP with those obtained using a PNT.

DESIGN/METHODS:

RIP ribcage (RC) and abdominal (ABD) signals were recorded simultaneously with the flow signal from a PNT; transpulmonary pressure was estimated using an esophageal catheter. Two calibration algorithms were applied to obtain RC and ABD scaling factors.

RESULTS:

Forty PM measurements were performed on 25 infants (GA 31.5±2.9 weeks; birth weight 1598±510 g; median age 7 days). Correlation coefficients for RIP- vs. PNT-based PM were r2 = 0.987 for CL and r2 = 0.997 for RL. From Bland-Altman analysis, the mean bias (±95% CI) between RIP and PNT methods was –0.004±0.021 ml/cmH2O/kg for CL and 0.7±2.9 cmH2O/(L/sec) for RL. The upper, lower limits of agreement (±95% CI) were 0.128±0.037, –0.135±0.037 ml/cmH2O/kg for CL and 18.6±5.1, –17.2±5.1 cmH2O/(L/sec) for RL.

CONCLUSION:

Properly calibrated RIP may be a useful tool with sufficient diagnostic accuracy for PM measurements without need for a nasal/oral airflow sensor in infants receiving NIV.
Analyzing the Issue of On-street Parking in Commercial Areas: A Case Study of the City of Hyderabad, Pakistan
Authors: Farrukh Baig , Noman Sahito , Arsla Bano ,   Ph.D., Student at Zhejiang University, China and Assistant Professor at Department of City and Regional Planning, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan.
Published: January 2019

In developing countries, rapid urbanization has created an enormous pressure on land use, infrastructure and transportation. The fast growing ratio of motorized vehicles in urban areas is the main cause of environmental degradation. Almost 80% of the greenhouse gas emission is from vehicles in cities. In the city centers, on-street parking is considered the major cause of traffic congestion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the problems of on-street parking and disorderly parking at Central Business District (CBD) of Hyderabad city. The field survey methodology was adopted to perceive the current traffic problems in the city center and traffic count survey was carried out in both peak and off hours. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics frequency analysis technique with the help of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings revealed that increasing number of vehicles, on-street parking, improper parking, encroachment, inadequate parking space and poor condition of roads are the main causes of traffic congestion. The study bridges up the research gap of determining public views about on-street parking challenges in the context of Hyderabad, Pakistan and provides statistical results which may equally be adapted by policy makers and transportation planners in order to improve the traffic situation.
Correlation Techniques to Measure the Degree of Association Between Nodes of Different Protocols in MANETs, In Terms of Their Energy Consumption in Data Transmission
Authors: Subrahmanyam Dasaka VSS , Rao T. Ch. Malleswara
Published: January 2019

Several protocols have been using in networks, especially in MANETs, to increase efficiency in energy consumption of intermediate nodes while transmitting data packets to the destination node. Several protocols like energy efficient and energy consumption protocols are introduced in MANETs to increase the overall life time of MANETs. MANETs can’t survive for longer times without the property of energy consumption, as the available battery resources are very limited. Different protocols are implemented and tested, by simulation like NS2, on the basis of their energy consumption levels. To know the fairness and reliability of data obtained from different protocols, several statistical analysis methods are suggested. Finding the coefficient of correlation and rank correlation methods are very popular among them. These methods help to know the actual existing relation between the considered energy consumption data sets of intermediate nodes of two different protocols. This information will be very helpful to MANETs in estimating the required future energy consumption levels of its intermediate nodes and the degree of fairness between them.
A Study of Analyzing Level of Media Literacy among Youths in India
Authors: Nandedkar Tarika , Kumar Amit
Published: January 2019

Digital media has become a prominent source of information other than entertainment and technology has given easy and uninterrupted access to youths. These two phenomenon are the center point of this research. Are youths ready to handle such information? Do they understand the real means of messages? Are they really capable to read between the line of the media messages? Such questions form the basis of current study. Media literacy plays an important role in understanding how much youths of todays’ are media literate. Media literacy is an ability to understand ‘What messages are revealing? Who created the message? What is the purpose of the message? The current research examined 490 youths of various age groups and various academic background with the help of ‘Cognitive Media Literacy Model’ introduced by W. James Potter. The elements of model are used to make judgment on respondents and to examine how they are competent to process information getting from various media sources. Further, gender & age impact on media literacy is also observed with the help of ‘T-test and One Way ANOVA’.
Implementasi Kebijakan Pengelolaan Dana Desa di Desa Pejambon Kabupaten Bojonegoro Jawa Timur
Authors: Hertati Diana , Arif Lukman
Published: January 2019

In the implementation of village funds, good governance is required to beappropriately targeted and be used for development and communityempowerment. This research uses qualitative descriptive approach and datacollection through observation and interview. Source of data by using porposive sampling assumed to have key informants, including: Sumberrejo Sub-district Head, Pejambon Village Head, BPD, secretary, treasurer, village apparatus, and community. Data analysis technique using interactive model. The results show that the implementation of Village Fund management in Pejambon Village involves the Technical Management Team of Village Financial Management (PTPKD). Indicators in determining accountability in implementation have been done well from openness to the use of funds.

INTISARI

Dalam implementasi dana desa diperlukan tata kelola yang baik agar tepat sasarandan dapat digunakan untuk kepentingan pembangunan dan pemberdayaan masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dan pengumpulan data melalui observasi dan wawancara. Sumber data dengan menggunakan porposive sampling dengan asumsi memiliki informan kunci, meliputi: Camat Sumberrejo, Kepala Desa Pejambon, BPD, sekretaris, bendahara, perangkat desa, dan masyarakat. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model interaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa implementasi pengelolaan Dana Desa di Desa Pejambon melibatkan Tim Pelaksana Teknis Pengelolaan Keuangan Desa (PTPKD). Indikator dalam menentukan akuntabilitas pada implementasi sudah dilakukan dengan baik dari keterbukaan pada penggunaan dana.

 

Keywords: policy implementation, village funds, Pejambon Village Bojonegoro Distric
INSTRUMEN MONETER INDONESIA: PENENTUAN ARAH KEBIJAKAN SERTA PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI
Authors: Candra Yudha Ana Toni Roby , Prayitno Andaru Rachmaning Dias , Maulana Alfin
Published: January 2019

Baswir, Revrisond, 2011. Pengaruh  Utang Luar Negeri Pemerintah Terhadap Belanja Negara Dan Struktur Perdagangan Serta Kesejahteraan Rakyat Indonesia. Disertasi Program Studi Doktoral Ilmu Ekonomi Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Airlangga Surabaya. Disertasi tidak dipublikasikan

______, 2011. “Masalah Bantuan Perkembangan Ekonomi Bagi Indonesia,” disunting dalam Swasono dan Ridjal (eds.), 1992, dalam Revrisond. Mohammad Hatta: Demokrasi Kita, Bebas Aktif, Ekonomi Masa Depan. Jakarta: UI Press

Boediono, 1981. Teori Pertumbuhan Ekonomi: BPFE Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta.

Clements KP, 1997. Teori Pembangunan: Dari Kiri ke Kanan. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar

Departemen Pendidikan Nasional, 2005. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI). Balai Pustaka, Jakarta.

Hasanah, Heni. 2007. Stabilitas Moneter Pada Sistem Perbankan Ganda di Indonesia. Skripsi Departemen Ilmu Ekonomi Fakultas Ekonomi dan Manajemen Institut Pertanian Bogor. Skripsi tidak dipublikasikan

Hatta M, 1928. Indonesia Merdeka (diterbitkan kembali tahun 2004). Yogyakarta: Pustep UGM

Mishkin, Frederic S. 2001. The Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial Markets. Colombia University.

Mudrajat Kuncoro, 2000. Teori Masalah dan Kebijakan, Yogyakarta: YKPN.

Prayitno, Andaru. R.D. 2018. Pengaruh Inflasi, Harga BBM, dan Hutang Negara terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Indonesia 2010-2017. Skripsi Program Studi Ilmu Ekonomi Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Rangking by Bloomberg Economics, Current Account: IMF estimates of 2018 trade in goods and services plus investment income as share of GDP. External Debt: World Bank estimates of government and private debt owed to non-residents as share of GDP at end of 2017. Government Effectiveness: 2016 World Bank Calculations. Inflation: change in consumer price from 2Q 2017 ro 2Q 2018

Samuelson, Paul A. dan William D. Nordhaus. 1986. Ekonomi Edisi Ke-12 (Penerbit Erlangga, Jakarta.

Sukirno, Sadono, 2011. Teori Makro Ekonomi. Penerbit.  PT. Raja Grafindo Persada. Jakarta.

Sri Susilo, Subsidi Bahan Bakar Minyak (BBM) dan Perekonomian Indonesia (Yogyakarta : Goshen Publishing, 2012).

_______ Subsidi Bahan Bakar Minyak & Perekonomian Indonesia (Yogyakarta: Gosyen Publishing, 2013)
ANALISIS KONTRIBUSI SEKTORAL TERHADAP PDRB UNTUK PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI (Studi di Kabupaten Madiun)
Authors: Mulyati Tatiek
Published: January 2019

Potensi dan keunggulan sector-sektor ekonomi menjadi sumber pertumbuhan yang dimiliki setiap daerah. Kemampuan suatu daerah dalam memacu pertumbuhan ekonomi sangat tergantung dari potensi unggul dan bersaing atas sector perekonomian di wilayahnya. Dan pertumbuhan wilayah akan selalu berkaitan dengan adanya proses sentralitas, rank-size-rule, spesialisasi, interaksi, dan dinamika pola pada permukiman.

 

Pembangunan daerah melalui pendekatan sektoral lebih difokuskan pada pemilihan sektor ekonomi yang berperan sebagai penggerak roda perekonomian. Sedangkan pendekatan kewilayahan atau spasial menekankan pada aspek lokasi kegiatan ekonomi yang dikembangkan sesuai dengan resources endowment yang dimiliki. Kedua pendekatan tersebut sangatlah relevan untuk dapat diterapkan dalam kajian pembangunan wilayah di Madiun dengan karakteristik ekonomi pada wilayah masing-masing yang berbeda-beda.

 

Kabupaten Madiun sebagai salah satu kabupaten di Bakorwil Madiun, dipilih sebagai obyek studi karena memberikan kontribusi PDRB termasuk kategori kecil bagi Provinsi Jawa Timur.

 

Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisa tipologi daerah dan sektor potensial dalam pengembangan ekonomi di Kabupaten Madiun dengan menggunakan alat analisa Location Quotient (SLQ-DLQ) dan Analisa Shift Share. Data yang digunakan adalah nilai PDRB Kabupaten Madiun dan PDRB Provinsi Jawa Timur tahun 2013-2017. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah mengetahui sektor-sektor ekonomi basis, unggulan maupun progresif di Kabupaten Madiun dan bagaimana pengaruhnya terhadap pengembangan ekonomi daerah.
DETERMINAN LOYALITAS NASABAH KPR PT.BANK MANDIRI, TBK CABANG SURABAYA
Authors: Izaak Wilma Cordelia
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of perceived quality as well as perceived value of consumers, or in this case the consumers of  house mortgages over their satisfaction and loyalty. The respondents being analyzed are the consumers of house mortgages in one government bank located in Surabaya. The tool used for analyzing is the Partial Least Square model obtained through the software SmartPLS version 2.0.M3. To sum up, the result of the hypothetical analyzes shows that both perceived quality and perceived value have no indirect influence over loyalty through satisfaction. The lack of influence that perceived value as well as perceived quality indirectly and directly over loyalty can be explained as a growing phenomenon. This phenomenon sees the tendency for consumers of mortgage to choose bank with the best environment’s house as their place of living (and not as an investment), and also the availability of guarantee for their mortagages in long terms.