bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk of Diabetes in U.S. Military Service Members in Relation to Combat Deployment and Mental Health
Authors: Boyko Edward J. , Jacobson Isabel G. , Smith Besa , Ryan Margaret A.K. , Hooper Tomoko I. , Amoroso Paul J. , Gackstetter Gary D. , Barrett-Connor Elizabeth , Smith Tyler C. ,   for the Millennium Cohort Study Team
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVE

Few prospective data exist on the risk of diabetes in individuals serving in the U.S. military. The objectives of this study were to determine whether military deployment, combat exposures, and mental health conditions were related to the risk of newly reported diabetes over 3 years.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Data were from Millennium Cohort Study participants who completed baseline (July 2001–June 2003) and follow-up (June 2004–February 2006) questionnaires (follow-up response rate = 71.4%). After exclusion criteria were applied, adjusted analyses included 44,754 participants (median age 36 years, range 18–68 years). Survey instruments collected demographics, height, weight, lifestyle, military service, clinician-diagnosed diabetes, and other physical and mental health conditions. Deployment was defined by U.S. Department of Defense databases, and combat exposure was assessed by self-report at follow-up. Odds of newly reported diabetes were estimated using logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS

Occurrence of diabetes during follow-up was 3 per 1,000 person-years. Individuals reporting diabetes at follow-up were significantly older, had greater baseline BMI, and were less likely to be Caucasian. After adjustment for age, sex, BMI, education, race/ethnicity, military service characteristics, and mental health conditions, only baseline posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was significantly associated with risk of diabetes (odds ratio 2.07 [95% CI 1.31–3.29]). Deployments since September 2001 were not significantly related to higher diabetes risk, with or without combat exposure.

CONCLUSIONS

In this military cohort, PTSD symptoms at baseline but not other mental health symptoms or military deployment experience were significantly associated with future risk of self-reported diabetes.
β-Cell Function Declines Within the First Year Postpartum in Women With Recent Glucose Intolerance in Pregnancy
Authors: Retnakaran Ravi , Qi Ying , Sermer Mathew , Connelly Philip W. , Hanley Anthony J.G. , Zinman Bernard
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVE

Both gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and mild glucose intolerance in pregnancy identify women at increased risk of future type 2 diabetes. In this context, we queried whether metabolic changes that occur in the 1st year postpartum vary in relation to gestational glucose tolerance status.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Three-hundred-and-ninety-two women underwent glucose challenge test (GCT) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in pregnancy followed by repeat OGTT at both 3 months' postpartum and 12 months' postpartum. The antepartum testing defined four gestational glucose tolerance groups: GDM (n = 107); gestational impaired glucose tolerance (GIGT) (n = 75); abnormal GCT with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) on OGTT (abnormal GCT NGT) (n = 137); and normal GCT with NGT on OGTT (normal GCT NGT) (n = 73).

RESULTS

The prevalence of dysglycemia progressively increased across the groups from normal GCT NGT to abnormal GCT NGT to GIGT to GDM at both 3 months' postpartum (2.7% to 10.2% to 18.7% to 34.6%, P < 0.0001) and 12 months' postpartum (2.7% to 11.7% to 17.3% to 32.7%, P < 0.0001). Between 3 and 12 months' postpartum, the groups did not differ with respect to changes in waist circumference, weight, or insulin sensitivity. Importantly, however, they exhibited markedly different changes in β-cell function (Insulin Secretion-Sensitivity Index-2 [ISSI-2]) (P = 0.0036), with ISSI-2 declining in both the GDM and GIGT groups. Furthermore, on multiple linear regression analysis, both GDM (t = −3.06, P = 0.0024) and GIGT (t = −2.18, P = 0.03) emerged as independent negative predictors of the change in ISSI-2 between 3 and 12 months' postpartum.

CONCLUSIONS

Women with GDM and GIGT exhibit declining β-cell function in the 1st year postpartum that likely contributes to their future diabetic risk.
An epidemiologic study of anhidrosis in horses in Florida
Authors: Johnson Eric B. , MacKay Robert J. , Hernandez Jorge A.
Published: May 2010

Objective—To estimate prevalence of and identify factors associated with anhidrosis in horses in Florida.

Design—Cross-sectional study and case-control study.

Animals—4,620 horses on 500 farms.

Procedures—A questionnaire was structured and mailed to farm owners or managers to obtain information related to diagnosis of anhidrosis in horses and exposure factors associated with this condition. The frequency of investigated farm- and animal-level factors was compared between farms and horses affected and not affected with anhidrosis, respectively.

Results—The prevalence of anhidrosis was 11% at the farm level and 2% at the animal level. The odds of anhidrosis were 2.13 and 4.40 times as high in farms located in central and southern Florida, respectively, compared with odds for farms in northern Florida. The odds of anhidrosis were 5.26 and 15.40 times as high in show and riding instruction operations, respectively, compared with odds for ranch operations. At the animal level, breed (Thoroughbreds and warmblood horses), foaling place (western or midwestern region of the United States), and family history of anhidrosis were significantly associated with anhidrosis.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—This study provides new information on the prevalence of and factors for anhidrosis in horses in Florida. Horses with a family history of anhidrosis should be examined by a veterinarian for diagnosis of this condition before they are exposed to exercise in a hot and humid climate.
Core Muscle Activation During Swiss Ball and Traditional Abdominal Exercises
Authors: Escamilla Rafael F. , Lewis Clare , Bell Duncan , Bramblet Gwen , Daffron Jason , Lambert Steve , Pecson Amanda , Imamura Rodney , Paulos Lonnie , Andrews James R.
Published: May 2010

Study Design

Controlled laboratory study using a repeated-measures, counterbalanced design.

Objectives

To test the ability of 8 Swiss ball exercises (roll-out, pike, knee-up, skier, hip extension right, hip extension left, decline push-up, and sitting march right) and 2 traditional abdominal exercises (crunch and bent-knee sit-up) on activating core (lumbopelvic hip complex) musculature.

Background

Numerous Swiss ball abdominal exercises are employed for core muscle strengthening during training and rehabilitation, but there are minimal data to substantiate the ability of these exercises to recruit core muscles. It is also unknown how core muscle recruitment in many of these Swiss ball exercises compares to core muscle recruitment in traditional abdominal exercises such as the crunch and bent-knee sit-up.

Methods

A convenience sample of 18 subjects performed 5 repetitions for each exercise. Electromyographic (EMG) data were recorded on the right side for upper and lower rectus abdominis, external and internal oblique, latissimus dorsi, lumbar paraspinals, and rectus femoris, and then normalized using maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs).

Results

EMG signals during the roll-out and pike exercises for the upper rectus abdominis (63% and 46% MVIC, respectively), lower rectus abdominis (53% and 55% MVIC, respectively), external oblique (46% and 84% MVIC, respectively), and internal oblique (46% and 56% MVIC, respectively) were significantly greater compared to most other exercises, where EMG signals ranged between 7% to 53% MVIC for the upper rectus abdominis, 7% to 44% MVIC for the lower rectus abdominis, 14% to 73% MVIC for the external oblique, and 16% to 47% MVIC for the internal oblique. The lowest EMG signals were consistently found in the sitting march right exercise. Latissimus dorsi EMG signals were greatest in the pike, knee-up, skier, hip extension right and left, and decline push-up (17%–25% MVIC), and least with the sitting march right, crunch, and bent-knee sit-up exercises (7%–8% MVIC). Rectus femoris EMG signal was greatest with the hip extension left exercise (35% MVIC), and least with the crunch, roll-out, hip extension right, and decline push-up exercises (6%–10% MVIC). Lumbar paraspinal EMG signal was relative low (less than 10% MVIC) for all exercises.

Conclusions

The roll-out and pike were the most effective exercises in activating upper and lower rectus abdominis, external and internal obliques, and latissimus dorsi muscles, while minimizing lumbar paraspinals and rectus femoris activity. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(5):265–276. doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.3073
Checkmark: A sign for the detection of iliopsoas pathology on MRI of the hip
Authors: Eshed Iris , Inbar Yael , Hertz Marjorie , Apter Sara
Published: May 2010

Background: The iliopsoas compartment can be involved in many different disease processes with a wide variety of symptoms that may simulate avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head. The psoas muscle merges with the iliacus to form a checkmark (√) shape in the coronal MRI plane, with normal muscle intensities, on both sides of the spine.

Purpose: To evaluate whether abnormality of this checkmark shape (obliteration or abnormal intensity), the checkmark sign, can be used as a simple indicator of iliopsoas pathologies on MR examinations performed for suspected AVN of the hip.

Material and Methods: A total of 75 hip MRI examinations performed during 2007 for suspected AVN (male:female ratio, 44:31; average age, 41 years) were retrospectively assessed. The iliopsoas compartment was assessed on the coronal T1 and T2 fat saturated sequences for the presence of the checkmark sign by a consensus of two readers.

Results: Twenty-six patients had signs of AVN and 49 patients had either other hip findings or normal hips. A normal checkmark shape was observed in all but two examinations. Obliteration of the checkmark shape, a positive checkmark sign, in those two was due to psoas compartment pathology (infection and hematoma of the iliopsoas compartment).

Conclusion: A positive checkmark sign (abnormal shape or intensity) can serve as a clue for unsuspected iliopsoas pathology when evaluating MRI of the hip in patients with suspected AVN.
Diagnostic accuracy and complication rate of CT-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of lung lesions: A study based on the experience of the cytopathologist
Authors: Priola Adriano Massimiliano , Priola Sandro Massimo , Cataldi Aldo , Franco Marisa Di , Pazè Francesco , Marci Valerio , Berruti Alfredo
Published: May 2010

Background: CT-guided transthoracic needle biopsy is a well-established technique for the diagnosis of focal lung lesions. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) requires the presence of a cytopathologist on-site to assess the adequacy of samples. For this reason FNAB is less and less used, and core biopsy is the first-line procedure when an experienced cytopathologist is not immediately available.

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy and complication rate of CT-guided FNAB of lung lesions according to the experience of the cytopathologist on-site.

Material and Methods: A total of 321 consecutive biopsies were considered. Immediate cytological assessment was performed by an experienced cytopathologist for the first 165 procedures (group A) and by two training pathologists for the remaining 156 biopsies (group B). At the time of FNAB the pathologist assigned a semiquantitative score (0–3) to each specimen to assess its diagnostic quality. All variables between the two groups were analyzed by chi-square and Student's t test. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: For all procedures, overall diagnostic accuracy was 80% for cytology alone, with no statistical difference between the two groups for diagnostic accuracy and sample score assigned. In all, 75% of the cytological samples (75% group A, 74% group B) obtained a higher score with a specific diagnosis of histotype. A post biopsy pneumothorax was detected in 27% of biopsies (25% group A, 28% group B). Thirteen patients (4.0%) required chest tube insertion for treatment. For all cases, the pneumothorax rate was significantly affected by the number of samples obtained ( P=0.02), but not by the pleural punctures ( P=0.15). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups concerning the number of needle passes and complication rate ( P>0.05).

Conclusion: The efficacy and safety of CT-guided FNAB is not significantly affected by the training level of the cytopathologist on-site. Moreover, the number of specimens obtained for each procedure is a risk factor for pneumothorax.
Liver tumor laser ablation – increase in the subacute ablation lesion volume detected with post procedural MRI
Authors: Sequeiros Roberto Blanco , Kariniemi Juho , Ojala Risto , Chengli Li , Haapea Marianne , Sequeiros Andreas Blanco , Tervonen Osmo
Published: May 2010

Background: The use of image-guided thermoablative methods in liver tumor treatment has expanded rapidly due to encouraging results and advanced imaging. However, little is known about the treatment-induced tissue response and effects on imaging findings during the subacute post procedural period.

Purpose: To study the development of subacute ablation zone volume with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after laser-mediated liver tumor thermal therapy.

Material and Methods: In all, 16 laser ablations were performed on 16 liver tumors resulting in 16 ablation zones in 11 consecutive patients. A low-field 0.23 T C-arm MRI scanner was used for imaging and procedural guidance. Repeated dynamic contrast-enhanced T1, contrast-enhanced T1 FSE, and T2 FSE studies of liver were performed at 0 and 72 h after the procedure. Ablation zone volumes were registered from the acquired image data.

Results: MRI scans showed a significant increase of ablation volume in all imaging sequences obtained at 72 h after the initial therapy.

Conclusion: After laser ablation, there is a progressive perfusion decrease in the ablation site leading to an increase in the ablation volume. Post procedural baseline MRI at 72 h from the treatment provides more precise information about the ablation result than can be obtained with immediate post procedural MRI.
Whole-body MRI in follow-up of patients with renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Platzek Ivan , Zastrow Stefan , Deppe Pierre-Emanuel , Grimm Marc-Oliver , Wirth Manfred , Laniado Michael , Stroszczynski Christian
Published: May 2010

Background: Recent technological advances have made whole-body MRI feasible within a reasonable time-frame. The clinical utility of whole-body MRI in patients with renal cell carcinoma has not been evaluated yet.

Purpose: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of whole-body MRI and computed tomography (CT) in follow-up of patients with renal cell carcinoma.

Material and Methods: In 28 patients with primary renal cell carcinoma a multislice CT scan of the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis, and a whole-body MRI were carried out as part of the postoperative follow-up. A combination of subsequent imaging studies and histology served as standard of reference.

Results: MRI demonstrated a significantly better diagnostic accuracy regarding musculoskeletal metastases compared with CT (97.7% vs 82%, P<0.001). In contrast, CT was superior in the detection of pulmonary metastases (88.5% vs 71.9%, P<0.001). Both methods had similar diagnostic performance regarding lymph node metastases (CT, accuracy 82.4%; MRI, accuracy 83.4%, P=0.25). The concordance of both modalities regarding N and M stage was excellent (Cohen's kappa 1.00). In two patients cerebral metastases were revealed by MRI, which led to a change in therapy.

Conclusion: At this stage, whole-body MRI cannot be considered an adequate replacement for CT in the follow-up of patients with renal cell carcinoma. Further significant improvement of lung MR protocols is necessary, as CT's sensitivity for pulmonary nodules is clearly superior. In contrast, the main advantage of whole-body MRI is its high diagnostic accuracy for musculoskeletal metastases.
Awareness of Iron Deficiency Anemia among Women of Reproductive Age in Hubei Province, China
Authors: Hussain Tabish , Shu Li Yu
Published: May 2010

Objective: To assess the level of awareness about causes, prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anemia among women of reproductive age in Hubei province, a south eastern province of China.Method: Cross sectional study was conducted by using a self designed standardized pretested questionnaire in peripheral areas of Wuhan city, the capital of Hubei province from January 2009 to December 2009.Women aged 18-45 years without any previous history of medical or gynecological problems were    recruited.Results: A total 385 women were surveyed for Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA).77.9% women (n=300) were aware of the term IDA, with the highest proportion of 88.1% falling in age group 25-35 years. Most of the women were aware of the fact that their diet contains iron and its importance in health.  Women who had children and of working class had greater knowledge about the iron deficiency anemia.Conclusion: Awareness regarding IDA is directly linked with the educational and social status of a community and is found to be increasing with the passage of time with exploration and accessibility to media and health care facilities. Women of younger ages are more concern about their own health and much careful about their expected babies in terms of nutritional facts as compared to the elder ladies.Keywords: Iron deficiency anemia; Reproductive ageDOI: 10.3126/ajms.v1i1.2607Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.1(1) 2010 p.12-13
Study of Effect of Amlodipine on Blood Sugar Level
Authors: Sandozi Tasneem
Published: May 2010

Objective: To study the effect of AMLODIPINE on blood sugar levels in hypertensive patients.Method: It is a prospective study in which patients were selected from Princess Esra hospital, Hyderabad.Results: This study was done on 20 mild to moderate newly detected hypertensive patients. Statistical analysis shows a highly significant rise in blood sugar level with ‘P' value < 0.001 after 2 and 4 weeks of  using 2.5 to 5 mgm (once daily) amlodipine.Conclusion: As calcium channels are involved in the release of insulin from the β cells of pancreas, calcium channel blockers like amlodipine may cause hyperglycemia when used in hypertensive patients. Further studies are required in this field on a larger number of patients.Keywords: Amlodipine; Calcium channel blockers; Diabetes Mellitus; HypertensionDOI: 10.3126/ajms.v1i1.2777Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.1(1) 2010 p.4-5
Analysis of Limb Injury Patterns in Victims of Two Wheeler Accidents
Authors: George Anish Sam , Poduval Murali
Published: May 2010

Objectives: A retrospective study was carried out to analyse the two wheeler accidents that presented over a one year period to a single institution and to study the pattern of limb injuries according to zones assigned to the limb. The mode of injury in the two wheeler accidents and the differences in limb injuries between the driver and the pillion riding passenger were also studied.Methods: All the road traffic accidents that could be attributed to two wheelers were obtained with the help of trauma records and the nominal registers and ward records. Limb injuries were then assigned to various anatomical zones that were created for the purpose of the study. The upper limb and lower limb injuries were separately analysed for differences between the driver and the pillion rider.Results: There were 242 two wheeler accidents seen between 1st jan 2008 to 31st dec 2008, of these 110 had limb injuries. 96 cases were eventually included and of these 67 were drivers. The most common mode of injury was a skid and fall of the vehicle ( 42%). Pillion riders were injured more often in collisions between two and four wheelers. The commonest injury in drivers was in wrist and hand regions of the upper limb and the tibia and ankle regions of the lower limb. In the pillion rider, lower limb injuries were commonest in the tibia and ankle whereas in the upper limb shoulder and wrist injuries predominated.Conclusion: Two wheeler accidents cause significant morbidity in both the driver and pillion rider, the tibia and ankle are commonly injured in both the populations whereas minor differences in upper limb injury are seen between the two groups.Keywords: Road traffic accidents; epidemiology; pattern of injuries.DOI: 10.3126/ajms.v1i1.2794Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.1(1) 2010 p.14-15
Factors Associated with Nutritional Status of the Under Five Children
Authors: Pradhan Amita
Published: May 2010

Objective: To identify factors associated to the nutritional status of under five children.Method: The data used in this analysis are from Demographic and Health Survey 2006 conducted in Nepal. Total 5262 cases are included in the present study. A multinomial logistic regression model is used to study the relation between various factors and nutritional status.Results: Increasing body mass index of mothers and wealth index shows decreasing likelihood of malnutrition among children. Rural children show insignificant higher likelihood of different forms of underweight and wasting as compared to urban area. Frequency of listening radio does not show significant association in case of mild and moderate wasting and shown very high unusual odds ratio in case of severe wasting.  Similarly, lower frequency of watching television also does not show significantly higher likeliness of different form of stunting, underweight and wasting. Female children are more likely to be stunted, underweight and wasted as compared to male. Female headed households are more likely to have moderately and mildly stunted children and mixed results are observed for underweight and wasting. The likelihood for all forms of malnutrition is higher among children with smaller than average size at birth as compared to average or bigger size at birth.  Mixed results are observed regarding likelihood of different forms of malnutrition among children with mothers having different educational level.Conclusion: Body mass index of mothers is found significant variable while explaining children's nutritional status. Similarly, Size at birth is significantly associated with nutrition during the childhood.Keywords: Stunting; wasting; under weight; under five childrenDOI: 10.3126/ajms.v1i1.2927Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.1(1) 2010 p.6-8
A Molecular Survey of the Diversity of Microbial Communities in Different Amazonian Agricultural Model Systems
Authors: Navarrete Acácio A. , Cannavan Fabiana S. , Taketani Rodrigo G. , Tsai Siu M.
Published: May 2010

The processes of land conversion and agricultural intensification are a significant cause of biodiversity loss, with consequent negative effects both on the environment and the sustainability of food production.The anthrosols associated with pre-Colombian settlements in the Amazonian region are examples of how anthropogenic activities may sustain the native populations against harsh tropical environments for human establishment, even without a previous intentionality of anthropic soil formation. In a case study (Model I—“Slash-and-Burn”) the community structures detected by automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) revealed that soil archaeal, bacterial and fungal communities are heterogeneous and each capable of responding differently to environmental characteristics. ARISA data evidenced considerable difference in structure existing between microbial communities in forest and agricultural soils. In a second study (Model II—“Anthropogenic Soil”), the bacterial community structures revealed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) differed among an Amazonian Dark Earth (ADE), black carbon (BC) and its adjacent non-anthropogenic oxisoil. The bacterial 16S rRNA gene (OTU) richness estimated by pyrosequencing was higher in ADE than BC. The most abundant bacterial phyla in ADE soils and BC were Proteobacteria—24% ADE, 15% BC; Acidobacteria—10% ADE, 21% BC; Actinobacteria—7% ADE, 12% BC; Verrucomicrobia, 8% ADE; 9% BC; Firmicutes—3% ADE, 8% BC. Overall, unclassified bacteria corresponded to 36% ADE, and 26% BC. Regardless of current land uses, our data suggest that soil microbial community structures may be strongly influenced by the historical soil management and that anthrosols in Amazonia, of anthropogenic origins, in addition to their capacity of enhancing crop yields, may also improve microbial diversity, with the support of the black carbon, which may sustain a particular and unique habitat for the microbes.
Black Hole Entropy in Scalar-Tensor and ƒ(R) Gravity: An Overview
Authors: Faraoni Valerio
Published: May 2010

A short overview of black hole entropy in alternative gravitational theories is presented. Motivated by the recent attempts to explain the cosmic acceleration without dark energy, we focus on metric and Palatini ƒ(R) gravity and on scalar-tensor theories.
Star-Shaped Conjugated Systems
Authors: Detert Heiner , Lehmann Matthias , Meier Herbert
Published: May 2010

The present review deals with the preparation and the properties of star-shaped conjugated compounds. Three, four or six conjugated arms are attached to cross-conjugated cores, which consist of single atoms (B, C+, N), benzene or azine rings or polycyclic ring systems, as for example triphenylene or tristriazolotriazine. Many of these shape-persistent [n]star compounds tend to π-stacking and self-organization, and exhibit interesting properties in materials science: Linear and non-linear optics, electrical conductivity, electroluminescence, formation of liquid crystalline phases, etc.
Use of Temporary Implantable Biomaterials to Reduce Leg Pain and Back Pain in Patients with Sciatica and Lumbar Disc Herniation
Authors: DiZerega Gere S. , Traylor Melissa M. , Alphonso Lisa S. , Falcone Samuel J.
Published: May 2010

The principle etiology of leg pain (sciatica) from lumbar disc herniation is mechanical compression of the nerve root. Sciatica is reduced by decompression of the herniated disc, i.e., removing mechanical compression of the nerve root. Decompression surgery typically reduces sciatica more than lumbar back pain (LBP). Decompression surgery reduces mechanical compression of the nerve root. However, decompression surgery does not directly reduce sensitization of the sensory nerves in the epidural space and disc. In addition, sensory nerves in the annulus fibrosus and epidural space are not protected from topical interaction with pain mediators induced by decompression surgery. The secondary etiology of sciatica from lumbar disc herniation is sensitization of the nerve root. Sensitization of the nerve root results from a) mechanical compression, b) exposure to cellular pain mediators, and/or c) exposure to biochemical pain mediators. Although decompression surgery reduces nerve root compression, sensory nerve sensitization often persists. These observations are consistent with continued exposure of tissue in the epidural space, including the nerve root, to increased cellular and biochemical pain mediators following surgery. A potential contributor to lumbar back pain (LBP) is stimulation of sensory nerves in the annulus fibrosus by a) cellular pain mediators and/or b) biochemical pain mediators that accompany annular tears or disruption. Sensory fibers located in the outer one-third of the annulus fibrosus increase in number and depth as a result of disc herniation. The nucleus pulposus is comprised of material that can produce an autoimmune stimulation of the sensory nerves located in the annulus and epidural space leading to LBP. The sensory nerves of the annulus fibrosus and epidural space may be sensitized by topical exposure to cellular and biochemical pain mediators induced by lumbar surgery. Annulotomy or annular rupture allows the nucleus pulposus topical access to sensory nerve fibers, thereby leading to LBP. Coverage of the annulus and adjacent structures in the epidural space by absorbable viscoelastic gels appears to reduce LBP following surgery by protecting sensory fibers from cellular and biochemical pain mediators.
Transcriptional Regulation of Glucose Sensors in Pancreatic β-Cells and Liver: An Update
Authors: Bae Jin-Sik , Kim Tae-Hyun , Kim Mi-Young , Park Joo-Man , Ahn Yong-Ho
Published: May 2010

Pancreatic β-cells and the liver play a key role in glucose homeostasis. After a meal or in a state of hyperglycemia, glucose is transported into the β-cells or hepatocytes where it is metabolized. In the β-cells, glucose is metabolized to increase the ATP:ADP ratio, resulting in the secretion of insulin stored in the vesicle. In the hepatocytes, glucose is metabolized to CO2, fatty acids or stored as glycogen. In these cells, solute carrier family 2 (SLC2A2) and glucokinase play a key role in sensing and uptaking glucose. Dysfunction of these proteins results in the hyperglycemia which is one of the characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Thus, studies on the molecular mechanisms of their transcriptional regulations are important in understanding pathogenesis and combating T2DM. In this paper, we will review a recent update on the progress of gene regulation of glucose sensors in the liver and β-cells.
A Flexible Proximity Sensor Fully Fabricated by Inkjet Printing
Authors: Wang Chin-Tsan , Huang Kuo-Yi , Lin David T. W. , Liao Wei-Chia , Lin Hua-Wei , Hu Yuh-Chung
Published: May 2010

A flexible proximity sensor fully fabricated by inkjet printing is proposed in this paper. The flexible proximity sensor is composed of a ZnO layer sandwiched in between a flexible aluminum sheet and a web-shaped top electrode layer. The flexible aluminum sheet serves as the bottom electrode. The material of the top electrode layer is nano silver. Both the ZnO and top electrode layers are deposited by inkjet printing. The fully inkjet printing process possesses the advantages of direct patterning and low-cost. It does not require photolithography and etching processes since the pattern is directly printed on the flexible aluminum sheet. The prototype demonstrates that the presented flexible sensor is sensitive to the human body. It may be applied to proximity sensing or thermal eradiation sensing.
Verfahrensanweisung für die nuklear medizinische Wächter-Lymphknoten-Diagnostik
Authors: Vogt H. , Bares R. , Brenner W. , Grünwald F. , Kopp J. , Reiners C. , Schober O. , Schümichen C. , Schicha H. , Sciuk J. , Sudbrock F. , Wengenmair H. , Schmidt M.
Published: May 2010

The authors present a procedure guideline for scintigraphic detection of sentinel lymph nodes in malignant melanoma and other skin tumours, in breast cancer, in head and neck cancer, and in prostate and penile carcinoma. Important goals of sentinel lymph node scintigraphy comprise reduction of the extent of surgery, lower postoperative morbidity and optimization of histopathological examination focussing on relevant lymph nodes. Sentinel lymph node scintigraphy itself does not diagnose tumorous lymph node involvement and is not indicated when lymph node metastases have been definitely diagnosed before sentinel lymph node scintigraphy. Procedures are compiled with the aim to reliably localise sentinel lymph nodes with a high detection rate typically in early tumour stages. Radiation exposure is low so that pregnancy is not a contraindication for sentinel lymph node scintigraphy. Even with high volumes of scintigraphic sentinel lymph node procedures surgeons, theatre staff and pathologists receive a radiation exposure < 1 mSv/year so that they do not require occupational radiation surveillance.
Un nouvel instrument européen de promotion de la microfinance régionale. Que peut faire JEREMIE ?
Authors: Carpenter Francis
Published: May 2010

Résumé Le dispositif JEREMIE (Joint European Resources for Micro-to-Medium Enterprise) a été lancé, à la fin de l’année 2005, par la DG Regio de la Commission européenne et par le Fonds Européen d’Investissement (FEI), dans le but d’améliorer l’accès des PME aux financements liés aux programmes de développement régional. Dans ce cadre, les États membres et les autorités régionales peuvent confier au FEI la gestion de fonds structurels pour les besoins d’opérations d’ingénierie financière ou de programmes de financement des PME, transformant ainsi une partie des subventions octroyées au titre des fonds structurels (FEDER) en une gamme de produits financiers destinés aux PME. L’accent sera mis, en particulier, sur le microcrédit.
Le corps et la structure
Authors: Yankelevich Hector
Published: May 2010

Le propos de cette note de recherche est a) d’étudier la différence entre les deux théories du miroir chez Lacan, autant comme théories psychanalytiques qu’en référence aux modifications dans la connaissance du cerveau qui eurent lieu en neurologie entre 1930 et 1960; b) de suivre sur le plan épistémique le changement de paradigme opéré en embryologie et dans la théorie de l’évolution entre Freud et Lacan ; c) de commencer à esquisser l’isomorphisme entre les théories de l’aliénation/séparation, certaines formalisations algébriques et logiques, par exemple les quanteurs de la sexuation, et les temps des identifications freudiennes; d) de soutenir le chevauchement, au moins pendant un certain temps – mais pas pour autant moins significatif – et surtout pendant la cure, de la première – Φ – et la deuxième – S1 – identifications.
Manger rien
Authors: Amigo Silvia
Published: May 2010

Ce travail a pour but de différencier l’anorexie vera, de l’anorexie comme épiphénomène de n’importe quelle structure clinique. Cette structure singulière dépendrait d’un arrêt dans le temps premier – narcissiste – de sa constitution. Ainsi, le seul recours laissé au sujet dans l’ordre de rendre effectif le désir de l’Autre – son manque – serait celui de manger rien. En faisant ostension, pour un Autre qui, de l’objet, ne veut rien savoir et dans une scène que l’on peut référer à l’acting out, sa lente et inquiétante – unheimliche – transformation en cadavre. Le sujet devenant, devant le regard de l’Autre, le rien lui-même. Il s’agit donc de différencier le rien, objet ‘a’ comme tel, de ce même objet ‘a’ à coincer dans les entrelacs de l’essaim des représentants pulsionnels.
La pertinence du délire chez l'enfant
Authors: Gorog Jean-Jacques
Published: May 2010

Bref rappel historique avant d’aborder le malentendu clinique et théorique non sans conséquences : la psychose de l’enfant est régulièrement méconnue, le délire confondu avec une imagination excessive, et de plus, l’effet souvent spectaculaire de la parole trompe quant au diagnostic en supposant un passage à la névrose ainsi qu’un arrêt de la cure particulièrement dommageable dans les suites.
Clinique des psychoses en institution, à l'éclairage de l'expérience de l'École expérimentale de Bonneuil
Authors: Caïtucoli Dominique
Published: May 2010

Brève évocation des idées princeps de l’École expérimentale de Bonneuil dont l’actualité est toujours pertinente aujourd’hui.
Quelle place pour le père aujourd'hui ? Quel père pour François ?
Authors: Sgambato Martine
Published: May 2010

La psychanalyse peut réserver un accueil singulier à ce qui fait symptôme pour un enfant et à son articulation avec le symptôme parental. « Quel père pour François ? » Cette question que sa mère adresse à un Autre lors d’un accueil enfants-parents dans une consultation de PMI inaugure un travail analytique d’une femme devenue mère et de son bébé. C’est aussi un appel de détresse que la mère adresse alors. Ce vacillement maternel met aussi en risque psychique le devenir de François. L’élaboration de la mère de François lui permet peu à peu de donner un sens signifiant aux pleurs de son bébé et François cherche aussi à accrocher la jouissance du grand Autre maternel. La mère interroge également son histoire de petite fille et de femme. Le questionnement que la mère de François adresse à l’analyste lui permet de faire appel à un Autre qu’elle-même pour son enfant, créant alors la possibilité d’un frayage de la fonction paternelle.
Entretien avec Maud Mannoni, 1982
Authors: Rizzo Lenio
Published: May 2010

Dans cet interview datant de 1982, Maud Mannoni retrace son parcours et ce qui a présidé à la création de l’École expérimentale de Bonneuil. Puis elle donne sa lecture critique de l’échec de l’École freudienne de Paris et de l’expérience de la Passe. Elle termine en présentant son dernier livre : D’un impossible à l’autre.
Infans, l'enfant, ce qui ne parle pas encore
Authors: Audouard Xavier
Published: May 2010

L’enfance, et en particulier la petite enfance, est le lieu par excellence de la parole qui traverse le sujet et le projette dans le temps. L’enfant, ici et maintenant, est le temps de la parole.
Récit des trois rencontres entre Jean-Pierre Petit et Jacques Lacan, tournant autour de la surface du cross-cap et de la surface de Boy
Authors: Petit Jean-Pierre , Guyod Fabrice
Published: May 2010

En acceptant de nous rapporter l’histoire de ses trois rencontres avec Jacques Lacan, Jean-Pierre Petit fait bien plus que de compléter un paragraphe resté dans l’ombre de l’histoire de cent ans de la psychanalyse en France. Il nous apprend qu’un objet topologique, la surface de Boy, a retenu l’attention de Lacan au point d’impliquer logiquement des refontes dans ses formulations topologiques antérieures, jamais entreprises de son vivant. Existence d’une singularité du cross-cap demeurée inaperçue, démonstration prouvant l’existence d’une telle singularité, description détaillée de la surface de Boy et des transformations produites par l’application d’une coupure sur un tel objet sont les trois points qu’il exposa à Lacan et qu’il accepte de nous livrer à nouveau ici accompagnés d’écritures topologiques réalisées avec soin de sa main.
Les objets kleiniens
Authors: Parmentier Sabine
Published: May 2010

Les objets kleiniens sont fantasmatiques, multiples, protéiformes et fonctionnent par paires : bon/mauvais, perdu/retrouvé, interne/externe. Les objets existent dès la naissance. L’inconscient est un réseau des relations d’objet. Le surmoi est caractérisé par sa précocité, son sadisme, les nombreux objets internes qui en font partie et rendent possible son évolution vers une meilleure intégration. La notion d’objet interne fait partie des grandes découvertes kleiniennes.
À propos de l'objet a
Authors: Vanier Alain
Published: May 2010

Quelques éléments de l’histoire de l’élaboration de la « seule invention » de Lacan, l’objet a, et de l’évolution de son articulation à l’Imaginaire, au Symbolique et au Réel en fonction des enjeux du traitement, et d’une lecture du malaise contemporain.
En passant par Hans, la trajectoire de Herbert : panorama sur la phobie
Authors: Bédère Serge
Published: May 2010

À un moment où toutes sortes de thérapies courtes et centrées sur les comportements font florès pour traiter les phobies, et où l’évaluation est devenue un mot d’ordre, il est intéressant de faire une relecture du premier cas de phobie d’enfant décrit dans la littérature psychanalytique, celui du « petit Hans ». La relecture qui en est proposée dans cet article s’appuie sur une étude croisée des écrits et des déclarations que tant Max Graf, le père, que Herbert Graf le fils, ont produits durant plus de soixante ans. L’ensemble de ces éléments est riche pour apprécier la portée, après coup, du fait que le jeune garçon ait été écouté au moment où il développe un épisode phobique, et les ouvertures que cela aura pu tracer dans sa vie d’adulte...
L'objet lumineux dans l'œuvre de Nathalie Sarraute
Authors: Morache Marie-Andrée
Published: May 2010

L’auteur met en évidence deux plans d’écriture qui traversent l’œuvre de Nathalie Sarraute : celui du sens commun et un second, invisible, qui est précisément celui qui intéresse le travail de l’écrivain. Ces deux plans interviennent à travers des oppositions entre des réseaux de métaphores. Le lumineux concerne la réalité de surface, l’autre niveau de réalité est évoqué par l’ombre et l’obscurité. La réalité cachée a besoin de son obscurité pour survivre et est perpétuellement en danger de disparaître sous l’offensive de la réalité connue, sous son éclairage. Cette opposition entre lumière et ombre est renforcée par des séries d’objets et de formes qui ont la caractéristique de la dureté et de la brillance. Le texte Enfance met en scène une mère qui est terrible dans son aspect omniprésent et lumineux. Le travail de l’écrivain est bien là de conjurer ce trop de visibilité et de plonger ces images dans la complexité du voilement. Une analogie est proposée et soutenue entre le travail de l’écrivain selon Sarraute et le travail du psychanalyste, l’écrivain comme le psychanalyste opèrent une conjonction du réel et du signifiant, explorant et respectant la part d’ombre du sujet.
Frustration
Authors: Stute-Cadiot Johanna
Published: May 2010

Le texte se propose de retracer l’évolution du terme de frustration depuis son emploi par Freud pour définir la névrose jusqu’à son apparition massive dans le discours social autour de l’éducation pour donner voix au malaise dans la culture. Il permet dorénavant de nommer un vécu subjectif par rapport à la répression de la pulsion et se trouve de ce fait au carrefour de la psychanalyse et de l’éducation, là où se situent les lieux d’accueil parents/enfants dans leur projet de soutenir une démarche éducative qui tienne compte de ce que Françoise Dolto a théorisé avec le concept de « castration symboligène ».
La psychose ou l'amour de transfert en souffrance
Authors: Costecalde Arlette
Published: May 2010

L’amour de transfert est en souffrance pour les psychotiques, en souffrance de Bejahung , en souffrance de symbolisation primordiale par Verwerfung du Signifiant au lieu du Grand Autre qui s’incarne dans le Réel et finit souvent par se prendre pour Dieu lui-même. C’est bien ce dont témoignent tout autant Antonin Artaud que le président Schreber.
Un cogito onirique dans un rêve de Breton
Authors: Perruche Mariane
Published: May 2010

Depuis Descartes, la quête de la vérité peut avoir lieu dans l’expérience onirique. L’absence de coupure épistémologique entre le rêver et le théoriser est ici illustrée par une série de cinq rêves d’André Breton. Le poète continue en rêve à penser et à chercher sa place en tant que surréaliste. L’expérience onirique de Breton tire également sa force de l’éclairage que lui apporte Le cerveau de l’enfant de Chirico. Le tableau et les rêves explorent la même énigme, celle de l’inconscient. Fortement influencé par la théorie freudienne du rêve, Breton ne livre cependant aucune interprétation, laissant le rêve s’éclairer par sa propre lumière. Quelle conception de l’inconscient se dégage de cette pratique intense, et peut-être même lucide, du rêve ?
La base navale stratégique de Bizerte
Authors: Cordier-Feron Damien
Published: May 2010

La base navale stratégique de Bizerte L’histoire de la base stratégique française de Bizerte de 1943 à 1961 résulte de l’extraordinaire convergence d’éléments d’histoire navale, stratégique, coloniale et diplomatique. Des rêves de grandeur d’une marine française aspirant à la renaissance jusqu’aux désillusions de l’évacuation finale, en 1963, l’histoire de Bizerte se joue en trois actes : de 1945 à 1951, la situation budgétaire dramatique de la Marine l’empêche de moderniser le site en dépit de l’obsolescence de ses installations. De 1951 à 1955, l’avènement de la guerre froide impose le démarrage d’un ambitieux plan de modernisation rapidement mis en difficulté par le manque de crédits. Enfin, de 1955 à 1961, la tension grandissante entre Paris et Tunis bloque le processus de modernisation de la base jusqu’à l’affrontement de 1961 scellant définitivement le sort de la base.
Les Français et la République de Kortcha
Authors: Popescu Stefan
Published: May 2010

Les français et la république de Kortcha Pendant la Première Guerre mondiale, le territoire de l’Albanie a été occupé par les armées de plusieurs belligérants : austro-hongrois, italiens et français. Les occupants ont donné aux territoires respectifs une organisation administrative basée sur une large participation des éléments locaux. Ils ont réalisé également des routes, des écoles, des hôpitaux, etc., et les premiers recensements modernes de la population albanaise. C’est le séjour des Français dans le sud-est de l’Albanie qui est retracé dans cet article.
Quels fondements juridiques aux embargos et blocus aux confins des XXe et XXIe siècles
Authors: Ferrand Bernard
Published: May 2010

Quels fondements juridiques aux embargos et blocus aux confins des XXe et XXIe siècles La création de normes de droit international et la charte des Nations Unies ont prévu le recours à des mesures non militaires pour faire pression sur les États et rétablir paix et sécurité internationales. Si les sanctions économiques doivent être compatibles avec les principes du droit international, les initiatives prises par l’ONU ou par les États-Unis répondent rarement à cette exigence. Ainsi, les États-Unis, au cours des dix dernières années, ont recouru à l’embargo dans 75 des 193 États du monde. L’embargo, arme du leadership international, devra tenter cependant de prendre en compte l’intérêt public universel.
Un aspect de la résistance méridionale : maquis et guérilla en r3
Authors: Boyer Patricia
Published: May 2010

Un aspect de la résistance méridionale : maquis et guérilla en r3 En zone Sud, la Région 3 regroupe l’Aude, l’Aveyron, le Gard, l’Hérault, la Lozère et les Pyrénées-Orientales. La naissance des maquis, à partir du printemps 1943, y est tributaire de contingences topographiques et sécuritaires, délaissant la plaine côtière et la frontière espagnole au profit de l’arrière-pays montagneux. Certes, l’aide fluctuante des Alliés, les choix politiques (action immédiate ou différée) sont autant de facteurs jouant aussi sur la nature et l’activité de ces maquis ; mais ils ont en commun une volonté d’action tout en refusant l’affrontement direct avec l’ennemi. En cela, les techniques de guérilla adoptées (harcèlement, actions ponctuelles et diffuses) contribuent autant à la libération du territoire qu’à la construction d’une mémoire combattante spécifique.
Les chantiers de la jeunesse (1940-1944) : une expérimentation pédagogique sous le gouvernement de Vichy
Authors: Pécout Christophe
Published: May 2010

Les chantiers de la jeunesse (1940-1944) : une expérimentation pédagogique sous le gouvernement de Vichy En juillet 1940, naissent les Chantiers de la Jeunesse, organisation à la gloire du maréchal Pétain. Répondant à un enjeu éducatif majeur du gouvernement de Vichy, le renouveau de la race française, les Chantiers de la Jeunesse se caractérisent par une volonté d’expérimenter dans le domaine éducatif. En s’influençant d’une multitude de pratiques pédagogiques françaises et étrangères, ce modèle syncrétique envisage de répondre aux thématiques de la Révolution nationale : valorisation du plein air, esprit d’équipe, retour à la terre, sens de la discipline et exaltation du corps.
L'historien et le diplomate en 1919 : l'usage des sciences historiques dans la négociation pour les frontières de la France
Authors: Lowczyk Olivier
Published: May 2010

L’HISTORIEN ET LE DIPLOMATE EN 1919 : L’USAGE DES SCIENCES HISTORIQUES DANS LA NÉGOCIATION POUR LES FRONTIÈRES DE LA FRANCE Le Quai d’Orsay fit appel aux historiens pour préparer la Conférence de la paix de 1919, du fait de l’importance académique et politique de leur discipline qui intervint comme soutien aux revendications de la France, comme argument à part entière et comme outil de délimitation frontalière. Toutefois, l’histoire fut peu usitée du fait de ses limites intrinsèques et des réserves des Britanniques et des Américains.
Relever la France dans les après-guerres : reconstruction ou réaménagement ?
Authors: Vayssière Bertrand
Published: May 2010

RELEVER LA France DANS LES APRÈS-GUERRES : RECONSTRUCTION OU RÉAMÉNAGEMENT ? Is there a direct link between war and architecture ? Is the first at the origin of a renewal of the second, or is conservatism a constant in this area ? We propose to study the case of France in the 20 th  century through legislation and certain concrete achievements, in order to judge the true nature of reconstruction in the postwar periods.