bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension and Outcome in Level II Hospitals of Ilocos Sur
Authors: Rios Rebecca N. , Bermio Joussie B. , Bautista Leila Sylvia F.
Published: July 2024

The study focused on the occurrence and outcome of pregnancy-induced hypertension in level II hospitals of Ilocos Sur. It made use of the descriptive-correlational method of research. The researchers administered the questionnaire to the pregnant women diagnosed with pregnancy induced hypertension. Data were treated and interpreted through the use of frequency and percentage, mean, and simple linear correlation analysis. The respondents are 31-40 years old with a monthly income of Php 25, 000 and above, married, college graduates and skilled workers. Each of the respondents has delivered one live birth. Great majority eat salty foods, majority eat fatty foods, most drink one cup of coffee per day, great majority exercise once a day, a great majority do not smoke and most drink alcoholic beverages. Most of the respondents had their pre-natal check-up , great majority had Tetanus Toxoid immunizations, used oral contraceptive and delivered through Caesarian Section without complications. The occurrence of pregnancy-induced hypertension in level II Hospitals of Ilocos Sur in 2012 is 67. There is an inverse correlation between occupation and prenatal visit to pregnancy-induced hypertension, no significant relationship exists between the respondents’ obstetrical profile and the occurrence of pregnancy-induced hypertension and a significant relationship between kidney problems and the occurrence of pregnancy-induced hypertension. Further studies should be conducted using other variables related to pregnancy-induced hypertension.
Utilization of Ilocano Traditional Materials in the Construction of Green School Building
Authors: Nelia V. Aman  , Franklyn T. Amistad
Published: July 2024

This paper focused on the development of a low-cost green school building and construction system. It aimed to characterize the technical and financial aspects of the project utilizing the Ilocano traditional construction materials that are available in the locality. The utilization of tropical Bamboo as a sustainable source encourages industrialization and increases employment opportunities within the locality. The research design is descriptive and qualitative. The researchers formulated a textual presentation of the engineering and architectural designs of the project. The project is an elementary school building with a dimension of seven by nine meters. The project was designed using raw materials available within the locality. The estimated project cost which is P185, 018.62 is lesser than a seven by nine meters reinforced concrete building with an estimated cost amounting to P945,000.00. The project promotes and supports research and development with the view of improving efficiency of raw materials utilization and further promotes processing and utilization of tropical Bamboo that would encourage the acceptance by the Engineers and designers to shift to raw material source. It is suggested that a study on the Impact of the project be conducted in order to measure the utility of the Green School Building project.
Wind and Sun Energy Turbine Generator: An Educational Technology Instructional Material
Authors: Raul R. Bernaldez  , Renato M. Castillo
Published: July 2024

Financial restraints hamper the provision of specialized teaching equipment that will support both the theoretical and practical aspects of learning power utilization and distribution, which includes the process of generating, distributing, and storing energy. The study was intently considered to design, construct, and evaluate a lowcost teaching tool specifically projected for students of Bachelor in Industrial Technology Major in Electrical Technology of the College of Industrial Technology and other similar courses in Bulacan State University and serve in addition to instant power supply for emergency cases. The researchers used project development research design. Seventy five randomly chosen respondents evaluated the wind-and-sun energy turbine generator in terms of instructional viability, functionality, ease of use, and safety features. The wind-and-sun energy turbine generator was appropriately designed by joining the wind energy turbine generator and solar energy turbine generator with single battery storage and multiple power outlets. The instructional material consists of wind turbine generator and solar panel couple to a single battery storage and utilized a 1000 W inverter to provide 220 V AC to multiple power outlets.It was constructed from efficient, locally available, and recycled materials. The respondents evaluated the IM to be highly acceptable in all criteria. In addition, the construction of wind-and-sun energy turbine generator is easy to operate, simple to maintain, convenient to use and very useful educational simulator.
Spatial and Seasonal Standing Crop of Seagrass Communities during Adverse Times in the North-Western Province of the Philippines
Authors: Adora G. Ilac
Published: July 2024

Standing crop of seagrass beds and their associated species in Ilocos Sur were studied. It looked into the species classification as to their division, class, order, family, genus, species, and scientific names. Further, the seasonal and spatial standing crop of the species in terms of average number of individuals (N) in every square meter and environmental factors were determined. Differences in spatial and standing crop in the areas were computed, and the relationship of ecological factors was likewisedetermined. This study used descriptive- correlational research design. Surface water temperature, salinity, and pH were monitored every sampling period in each quadrat to determine their influence on the species’ standing crop. Mean, analysis of variance, Scheffe Test and simple bivariate correlation were the statistical tools used. Results showed that ten seagrass species inhabit the four communities of the province. All belong to Division Angiospermae, Class Monocotyledonae, and Order Alismatale. Six (6) belong to Family Cymodoceaceae and four (4) belong to Hydrocharitaceae. These seagrass species belong to the genera Cymodocea, Enhalus, Halodule, Halophila, Thalassia, Thalassodendron and Syringodium. The biomass production of seagrassesin San Esteban, Santiago and San Juan was very high. In all the sites, salinity positively affected the standing crop; temperature had negative effect on it while pH had no effect. Thirty six (36) organisms were found out associated in the seagrass communities. Further monitoring is recommended to have a better assessment of the resource in order to identify factors causing disturbances to the seagrass habitats and to determine appropriate management efforts.
Hand-Operated Mixer for Batter, Dough, and Eggwhite Foam
Authors: Sheila A. Bernaldez  , Jay DL De Jesus  , Maritess M. Cano
Published: July 2024

Batter, dough, and egg white foam are the basic baking mixtures that greatly differ in their mixing requirements. Regular baking class encounters inconveniences during hands-on activities whenever there are incidents of electric power interruptions and electric mixer malfunctions that impair mixing process and eventually deviate the standard output of baked products. The major objective of this study was to design, construct, and evaluate an economical and environment-friendly hand-operated mixer for batter, dough, and egg white foam as back up mixing equipment in times of urgent situation and potential community extension services’ baking livelihood program. The researchers employed applied research method. The mixing machine was evaluated in terms of functionality, aesthetics, workability, durability, economy, safety and affordability. Based on the findings of the study, the mixing equipment was designed with bike gear system that is easy to operate and maintain and economical for it saves great deal of energy. It is durable and cheaper compared to commercially produced-equipment. It only requires simple construction processes such as measuring, cutting, welding, bending, drilling, polishing, greasing, assembling, testing, and adjusting, which call for mechanical knowledge and fabrication expertise. The evaluation on the level of acceptability of the mixing machine reveals that it is generally excellent.
STEM Curriculum Implementation and Academic Performance of Senior High School Students
Authors: Jenny Grace I. Almazan  , Digna A. Jacob  , Christa Jesusa S.Saniatan  , Jefrrey Galangco
Published: July 2024

The study primarily focused on determining the extent of implementation of the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) curriculum in the University of Northern Philippines. The research looked into the profile of 12th Grade STEM students including their academic performance. It also determined the extent of implementation of STEM curriculum. This study employed the descriptive-correlational research design in determining students’ profile and extent of the STEM curriculum implementation as it correlates to academic performance. It involved 189 student-respondents and five faculty advisers to answer the questionnaires. This study passed through the ethics review committee of the university. Data gathered were analyzed using frequency and percentage, weighted mean and simple correlational analysis. Results showed that majority of the students are female who attended public high school and obtained 85-89 general weighted average rating. The extent of STEM curriculum implementation is very great. There is a significant relationship of students’ sex and GWA to their academic performance. However, it showed that the type of Junior high school they graduated from and their academic performance have no significant relationship. Moreover, the extent of STEM curriculum implementation has no significant relationship with students’ academic performance. It is recommended that science and mathematics grades could be the basis for academic performance. It is also encouraged that science and mathematics teachers undergo training in curriculum planning and implementation.
Stock Assessment of Tuna Fishes in Major Tuna Fishing Grounds of Ilocos Sur
Authors: Arsenia C. Domingo
Published: July 2024

This study attempted to find out the seasonal and spatial distributions of two tuna species, Thunnus albacare s (yellowfin) and Katsuwonus pelamis (skipjack or bluefn) in the Province of1locos Sur, focusing its investigation on three variables: a) number of fishes caught per fishing effort, b) total weight ot fishes caught per fishing effort and c) price per kilo. Three collecting stations were selected based on the reports of the fishing municipalities: Station 1 - Puro,Magsingal; Station 2 - Villamar, Caoayan and San Pedro, Vigan, and Station 3 - NaNvo, Santa Maria. Results showed that there are no differences in the seasonal distribution of tuna fishes in llocos Sur., Tuna fishes abound throughout the province the whole year round. There are, however, significant differences in the spatial distribution of tuna fishes. More and heavier fishes are caught in Station 1 that Stations 2 and 3. Prices are also cheaper in Station 1 than Stations 2 and 3. Recommendations are given by the researcher for the proper management of the resource.
The Chemistry of Vigan Clay
Authors: Consoladora P. Rikulime  , Praxedes Peralta
Published: July 2024

The Philippines is endowed with abundant natural resources, most of which are untapped, unutilized,or even unexplored. Discovery of these mineral wealth and their proper use employingmodem techniques in the production of serviceable goods would make the country one of the newly-industrialized countries in Asia. Clay is one of the natural resources which is indigenous in the Ilocos Region, but which is not utilized to the maximum. This is a naturally occuring material composed of very fine particles, which are mainly clay minerals. The craft of making clay pots was introduced in the Philippines as early as 1500 BC when Pre-hispanic Filipinos made drinking cups,jugs for storing water and grains, burial jars and cooking pots. Today, these remaining artifacts arc the precious treasures found in museums.
Catch Phrases for Effective Communication
Authors: Norma I. Cachola
Published: July 2024

The best definition for a catch phrase is a phrase that has caught on and pleases the public. More often than not, catch phrases are quite grammatical. They are just like theclosely linked proverbial sayings. They do them, too, from famous quotations.
The Versatility of Hyacinth Bean (Dolichos lablab Linn.): Phenomenological-Empirical study
Authors: Germana Gloria V. Molina
Published: July 2024

One of the herbs that has a long history and has become a significant influence in social, economic, and environmental activities is Dolichos lablab Linn (Hyacinth bean). In a traditional community like Ilocos Sur, the plant is used as food, and herbal medicine and potentially creates new income sources for rural and coastal communities. To explore the versatility of Dolichos lablab in the traditional practices of healing improved the existing knowledge of the plant and contribution to socio-economic and socio-cultural development. Because it focuses on the lived experiences of seven key informants, a phenomenological approach is appropriate. Results showed that the Dolichos lablab plant used by the Ilocano affects human health experiences, improves existing knowledge, contributes in promoting socio-economic cultural development, and may serve as a basis for further investigation for documentation. This study focuses on providing knowledge on Lablab and its interaction with cultural value, economic abundance, food, and medicinal use.
Preservation of Ilocano Historical and Cultural Value in the Holy Week Procession: A Design Development of the Carroza
Authors: Mercita Q. Queddeng  , Constantino F. Queypo  , Caesar Ziggy Q. Perlas
Published: July 2024

The “carroza," formerly "andas," are part of our legacy of Christianity from the Spanish era in the Philippines as it also unfolds the historical, cultural, and religious significance of "carroza" to the Ilocanos, especially during the celebration of Semana Santa. . As time goes by, the aging of the wood materials degraded and resulted to a high cost of repair. This study is qualitatively aimed to explore the history, culture, and religion and eventually preserve the old "carroza" among the Ilocanos. The interviews of the encargados-participants emerged four (4) themes: history, cultural, spiritual; issues of the carroza; preservation, and enhancement. In synthesis, it is apparent that it focuses more on the old "carroza" and necessitates its preservation. Results found that the problems with the existing product are stiff suspension, the difficulty of steering on tight turns, and the product being bulky in the storage room. This study addressed their concerns and reinvented the existing products with a new design prototype that is easier to construct and more stable from vibration and turning during the procession. The old carroza called for a new prototype and enhanced it to preserve the physical carroza and its cultural, spiritual, and historical value.
Design and Development of Portable Chest Fridge Using Peltier Module
Authors: Richgiell Cheynard D. Vinarao
Published: July 2024

This study aims to make cooling equipment that would have a more substantial purpose than the commercially produced ones and designed as eco-friendly. Fridge, Freezers, Air-conditioning Units, and other cooling appliances that are commonly used in offices, households, restaurants, grocery stores, and other establishments have a great impact on the daily living of humans. However, most of these machines release harmful gas, particularly chlorofluorocarbon or CFC, to the atmosphere that causes the depletion of the Ozone Layer. Moreover, these machines are not easy to transport due to their weight and size. Today, there are mini-fridges that are showcased in the market which are expensive but not equally efficient as the design we have made. Thus, this study focuses on making a model of a mini-fridge that is cost-effective, lightweight, easy to store food, and environment friendly. The design is composed of materials mixed with scrap and supplies that were bought from the local hardware. The construction of the compressor-free mini-fridge is composed of different components such as cooling module assembly, wiring assembly, and cover assembly. On the initial test, the first one and half-hour showed consistency of the ambient temperature produced by the thermoelectric module and the cost consumed in kilowatt-hour energy. It took 60 minutes to reach 6 degrees Celsius as the desired ambient temperature to cool the container. And 90 minutes to reach the same temperature when it contains food inside. This project was commended for its design and its low-cost rates of the materials used in assembling the project. However, the design was suggested to have a durable and appealing hard case which would be still a part of its development.
Development of Multi-Purpose Mechanical Pump for Refilling and Recovering Liquid Form of an Auto Engine
Authors: Bhenrey B. Andres
Published: July 2024

In the automotive sector, lubrications, fuels, engine oils and other liquids are very essential for the different parts of an auto to function properly. In feeding those engines they always use a funnel that consumes time in using it and there is always spillage. The other one is a pump that is powered by electricity. This pump is expensive for the purpose of just feeding and draining. In the draining process, the used oil cannot be used again for other purposes. Due to this problem the researchers find ways to make some innovations in the multi-purpose mechanical pump. This project functions like a small hydraulic pump but the difference between these two is that the Multi-Purpose Mechanical pump functions without using electric power or electricity. It can be used for recovering oils because of the oil filter and feed liquid forms inside the differential and transmission. The different parts of the mechanical pump are made up of scrap materials. When the shaft rotating wheel rotated clockwise the mechanical source converted into hydraulic energy. It generates flow with enough rotating power to overcome pressure induced by the load at the container and pump out to the outlet/inlet hose. Then when it is rotated counterclockwise the MPMP will serve as recovery. A full factorial design of the experiment is selected for experimental planning and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been employed and Based from the results and observation gathered. The researcher found out that the Multi-Purpose Mechanical Pump is an effective manual mechanical pump.
Development of Vertical Quadrant Auto-electrical Mock-up
Authors: Rey G. Gavica Jr.
Published: July 2024

The project will focus on the development of an auto electrical mock –up that can save space and accommodate more trainees to perform/practice at the same time. Additionally, the proposed mock-up will have more functional features than the conventional auto electrical mock-up. It also has wheels/rollers for easier transfer from one place to another without carrying the prototype. The main objective of the project is to develop a prototype that would benefit the students involved in the field of Automotive Servicing specifically, the study shall seek to: design a prototype that could also be utilized as an automotive instructional trainer for charging, starting and ignition system; construct the prototype according to design and specification; test the performance of the prototype in accordance to its design parameters and operational limitations; and determine the acceptability of the prototype in terms of its functionality, aesthetic, workability, durability, safety and instructional applicability.
Enhancing Swine Husbandry: The IoT-Integrated Hog Feeding Assistant
Authors: Jezzer T. Tibreza  , Fernandino S. Perilla
Published: July 2024

IoT-Integrated Hog Feeding Assistant revolutionizes swine husbandry, offering hog raisers crucial insights into feed consumption and operational costs, thereby enhancing overall efficiency and comfort. This paper elucidates the system's development process, methodology, and usability assessment. Employing the Rapid Application Development model ensured a swift and flexible creation of the Hog Feeding Assistant, guaranteeing the timely deployment of a fully functional system. Essential data for system design and features were acquired through document analysis and surveys. The system's usability was systematically evaluated using the ISO 25010 software quality standard tool, assessing functional suitability, performance efficiency, compatibility, usability, reliability, security, and maintainability. This comprehensive evaluation provides a profound understanding of the system's capabilities and user-friendliness. The Hog Feeding Assistant with IoT Integration is strongly recommended for hog raisers due to its remarkable efficiency, convenience, and exceptional usability. Seamlessly integrating into daily operations, the system not only streamlines feeding processes but also furnishes valuable insights, empowering more informed decision-making in swine husbandry.
Development of Non-Load Bearing Three-Core Stretcher Concrete Masonry Unit With Polyethylene Terephthalate Waste
Authors: Chavit G. Abalos  , Krisha Mae Jemaima B. Cabe  , Ej Alfred R. Manglal-lan  , Gaylord A. Frando
Published: July 2024

Persistent problems stem from factors such as the difficulty of waste recycling wherein plastics are substantial contributors having strong environmental impact. To mitigate this dilemma, reengineered plastics are emerging as reforms in solving solid waste management issues. This study aimed to investigate the effects of utilizing Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as an admixture in a non-load-bearing concrete masonry unit. Moreover, it sought to limit the amount of environmental degradation and prevent ecological and environmental strains caused by plastic. This study used the experimental method which involved compressive strength testing, unit weight, and unit cost analysis. In addition to this, the properties of the materials were studied to arrive at the optimum percent composition to generate the highest efficiency. Five treatments were utilized including the control (0%), 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, and 3.0% PET waste admixture. In the findings, both the control CMU and the 1.5% PET waste admixture have qualified on the standard specification, ASTM C129, for CMU compressive strength. The unit weight decreases as the amount of admixture increases. In terms of unit cost, the sample with the highest percentage of PET waste has the lowest unit cost but with the lowest compressive strength. However, between the control CMU and the 1.5% PET waste admixture, the latter has a lower unit cost. Therefore, it can be inferred that adapting the use of PET wastes as admixture at 1.5% showed the most competence proving to reduce plastic waste environmental issues while gaining higher possible profit when introduced into the commercial industry of construction supplies. For future studies, a Comparative Analysis of walls made with plain and PET waste concrete masonry units may be conducted to improve the application of the material.
The Impact of Foods and Nutrition Management Activities on the Values of Students of the College of Teacher Education of the University of Northern Philippines
Authors: Prudencia U. Plete
Published: July 2024

This study was conducted to identify the values development of the BSE, BSIE, and BEED students exposed to Foods and Nutrition management activities in terms of economic values such as thrift, productivity, self-sufficiency, providence, and the social values such as hospitality, aor propio, utang na loob, and pakikisama. It also attempted to determine the effects of these values on their academic performance along the two Home Economics subjects, H.E. 122-Nutrition and Meal Planning and H.E. 131-Cooking I. Findings of the study revealed that the students were thrifty, in the sense that they often had a budget for food, and they very often purchased foodstuffs within their budget. They often selected food to buy their money's worth. They were also productive as evidenced by the fact that they produced some food sources like poultry and piggery and backyard gardening. They were also self-sufficient for they often had an adequate supply offood. They prepared sufficient food very often to meet the daily needs of their family. The students also provided for their future by preserving fruits and vegetables in season often, and saved money to celebrate special occasions. As regards their social values, they were hospitable as shown by a very often serving of snacks to friends/ visitors when they dropped in. Because of their aor propio, they sometimes prepared food using imported materials, although sometimes they felt slighted when the food they served was criticized. Utang naloob was practiced among them as they often invited people whom they owed some favors whenever they held parties. They often offered food to reciprocate a good act done by a friend. Their pakikisama was practiced by treating their friends often to a snack because they were also treated the same before. They also helped their friends often to cook food for a party even if they are too busy. Results of the study also showed that the economic and social values of the students did not significantly affect their academic performance.
Status and Prospects of Burnay Jar Manufacturing
Authors: Gudelio Generoso P. Pajarillo
Published: July 2024

Attempting to assess the status and prospects of burnay jar manufacturing/industry in Vigan, llocos Sur, particularly in Barangay Pagburnayan, the study investigated on the current marketing practices and strategies of selected jar manufacturers. It also aimed at finding out prevailing problems encountered, and tried to look into the factors contributing to such problems; and trying to find out market outlets for the products. In the end, the study looked into means and ways on eradicating of at least minimizing such problems. In this investigation four owners of jar factories were targeted, 100 sample consumers were also interviewed as respondents. Most of the marketing operations were mainly in the factory compound, so consumers and buyers just walked in the areas. The burnay industry in the capital town of Vigan has been possessing a bright prospect not only for consumers but also for tourists from various parts of the country and even foreigners as well. In spite of this, it is also beset with difficulties and problems as found in this study such as: insufficient capital for stockpiling; seasonality of broken jars; seasonality of clay deposits; decreasing availability of firewood for fuel and diminishing quality burnay workers. Manufacturers, however tried to maintain their survival status in the town markets.
Economic Characteristics of Students at the Institute of Nursing, School Year 1990-1991
Authors: Concepcion B. Azares
Published: July 2024

This study intended to investigate on the socio-economic and demographic profile of the students at the Institute of Nursing. This was limited to 630 students which was 87.74% of the total population of the Institute, 527 taking BSN and 103 taking Midwifery. There were more female students, mostly of whom were single and had an average age of 18. Most of them were Catholics. Majority were staying in the barrio and the average number of children in their family was 4. Most of their parents were college graduates. Among the respondents, working students engaged in sales, service, agriculture and production. Most of their parents were also engaged in agricultural work although a good number were also engaged in service and clerical jobs. Some of their parents had also other sources of income; but,most had an average monthly income of below P2374.00. As to their housing conditions, it was found out that most of them owned their houses and lots which were concrete. Most of them used electricity for their light, had water supply from artesian/deep wells, used wood and LPG for their fuel, water-sealed toilets for most who had electric appliances. Most had garbage that were disposed in dump pits and drainage which was the most common sewerage disposal. Tricycle was the most common ride for the students. Those who did not commute stayed in boarding houses with monthly rental from P90.00 and above. The average weekly transportation allowance for the commuters was mostly below P100.00. Boarders assessed the services of their boarding house/dormitory as good.
UNP Criminology Students, Their Personal Characteristics and Home to School Management, SY 190-1991
Authors: Gertrudes C. Cabebe
Published: July 2024

Focusing on the personal characteristics of students in terms of their socio-demographic, socio-economic characteristics and housing conditions, the study was confined to 260 (84.42%) students in the Institute of Criminology during the school year 1990-1991. It aimed to look· into the students' general profile which can affect their academic pursuits. Aside from above-mentioned characteristics, the study also attempted to look into their home to school management in terms of their manner in going to school; where· they stay during the school week; how much they payfor board/lodging; how often they go home and how much they spend for costs of transportation.
Topographic Survey Comparison of Strategic Quarry Sites in Ilocos Sur
Authors: Franklyn T. Amistad  , Norma A. Esguerra  , Alfredo R. Rabena
Published: July 2024

The study aimed to compare the topographic survey conducted in Phase I and proved assumption that river bank depression occurs during the quarrying operations. The data obtained in the survey were compared with those of the available data in Phase I. The volume was computed through the average-end-area method. Only three (3) among the four (4) quarry sites of the first phase was considered namely: Namruangan, Cabugao; Paing, Bantay, and Bio, Tagudin, Ilocos Sur.. Libtong Tagudin, Ilocos Sur was not considered because quarrying has been stopped. The volume quarried in Phase I was noted to be negligible. It was found out that for the span of one year, the volume hauled at the quarry sites were 28,395 cu. meter; 634 cu. meter, 2,068 cu. meter for Namruangan, Cabugao, Paing, Bantay and Bio, Tagudin, Ilocos Sur respectively. It was observed that there is a decrease in elevation of the water line ofthe river in Paing and Bio quarry sites and there is a shifting of water line to 40 meters south in bothquarry sites mentioned. Replacement ofextracted aggregates really occurs as proven by the additional 248 cu. meters volume filled in Bio, Tagudin, Ilocos Sur. But there was depression created during the extraction operation and many were not filled up completely.
Literature of Churches in Ilocos Sur
Authors: Gertrudes C. Cabebe  , Concepcion B. Azares  , Mateo L. Cabanting, Jr.  , Fatima F. Rocamora
Published: July 2024

Phase II ofthe study presents the colonial churches in the first district of Ilocos Sur and those located in the interior municipalities of the province. The history of these churches tells us that the first diocese of Nueva Segovia was established in Lallo, Cagayan but the inconvenience of long travel necessitated most of the bishops to stay and administer in Vigan and this finally transferred the diocese to the capital town of Ilocos Sur in 1758. Since then, the diocese covered the entire Northern Luzon. This elevated Vigan to a status ofa city and was renamed "Ciudad Fernandina". Vigan then became the most important city north ofManila for almost two centuries. The colonial churches are the most conspicuous reminder of the Spanish heritage in our countrytoday. Most of the church architecture was an influence of religious groups, which commissioned the actual builders who based the designs in Europe and Latin America. Most of these churches were built fur performance with inspiring designs to attract more natives to the Christian faith. We can notice other structures like monasteries, the convento (parish) belfry/belltower, seminary, chapels and the cemetery. A close look at these churches will make us believe in theirstructures as Latin American and European Art, but actually they are not, for there is indigenousness of the foreign influence to prove the strong Filipino cultural identity. Aside fromthis, our region lies on an earthquake belt; modifications were made detaching belltowers giving rise to what we call now "Ilocano Baroque." The following colonial churches were described by UNP researchers who went from town to town with documentation instruments and interviewschedule.
Biological Assay of Indigenous Pesticidal Plants in Ilocos Sur
Authors: Alfredo R. Rabena
Published: July 2024

Plants, animals and microorganism are sources of natural products, which are results of primary metabolism. Such products are secondary metabolites. These substances are essential to living organisms and were found to have significant importance to man's life. These substances range from toxic to highly poisonous substances as well as edible ones for household use. In natural products, bioactive substances were found and isolated from plants. They were extracted from the leaves, flowers, fruits, roots and even the bark. It is the main purpose of this study to conduct preliminary tests to determine the toxicity of the leaf extracts of seven (7) indigenous plants species against Tilapia nilotica. Such plants were chosen based on the ethnobotanic information derived from the locality.
Environmental Effects of Development Programs In Ilocos Sur
Authors: Alfredo R. Rabena  , Avelino B. Felicitas, Jr.
Published: July 2024

This study was conducted from January to December 1998 in the province of Ilocos Sur to identify the existing development programs in the province and to detennine their environmental effects. On-going development programs constituted 69% ofthe total number of programs under the local government units (LGU). Data gathered in this study reveal that 79.3% of the development programs were funded by the government through the Countrywide Development Fund (CDF) and the Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA) while 20.6% were funded by the private sector. Environment and ecology-oriented programs such as solid waste management, clean and green, agroforestry and water supply development, and organic farming were the priorities of the LGU's and these constituted 61.7% of all the development programs in the province. Environmental pollution and degradation were the evidences of the bad effects brought about by the programs. Few municipalities implementing the programs employed recycling. Manual recycling technique was used by the programs. Problems like water contamination existed due to lack of trucks used for garbage collection. No illnesses were inflicted among residents as a result of program implementation and the proximity of dumpsites. However, there were reported water contamination in some areas, but no fatalities were observedandrecorded.
The Codium Industry in Ilocos Sur: An Assessment
Authors: Arsenia C. Domingo
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to make a qualitative and quantitative assessment ofthe Codium industry in Ilocos Sur. In particular; it attempted to determine the profile of the Codium fishermen, inventory the Codium species, determine the harvest per effort, seasonal abundance and harvest/post-harvest procedure of the resource, and identify theproblems of the industry. Direct observations, actual interviews, and microscopic works were used to gather the data needed in this study. Seventy-seven fishermen from three coastal barangays of Sinait, Ilocos Sur (Sabangan, Paratong, and Katipunan) served as respondents. Results showed that harvesting of natural stocks of Codium was the primary source of livelihood of the residents of the coastal barangays. Codium stocks begin to appear in September and collection lasts until June. The peak development period occurs during the summer months. Three Codium species, C. arabicum, C. bartletti, C. edule were present in the area. Marketing tops the problems of the industry. Other problems include improper harvest/post harvest practices and lack of alternative source of livelihood during off seasons.
Apakah Kemiskinan Itu Penderitaan?
Authors: Purnawan Yohanes I Wayan
Published: July 2024

The article argues that poverty does not always correspond to suffering. It depends very much on how people approach to or cope with their daily lives. People of the margins in the urbanized city of Malang - which is now and then not benevolent - could offer some insight to deepen our today's spirituality. Inspired by the Javanese rila-nrima-sabar (readiness-acceptance-patience) people could live their lives in a dynamic way beyond dissatisfactions or complaints. The so-called local genius correlates to theology of the cross in Christian tradition. The writer then reasons that suffering or the cross as part of life should be bravely addressed or confronted. Rila-nrima-sabar is human-divine capital which enables people to come out as winner. Christian spirituality describes it as per crucem ad lucem, through the cross the faithful reach enlightentment and resurrection.
Judicial Control of Administrative Action in India through Writ of Quo-warranto
Authors: Deshpande Bhagyashree A.
Published: July 2024

Abstract A comprehensive mechanism is available for judicial control of administrative action under the provisions of the Constitution of India, CPC, specific relief act etc. Firstly, it includes judicial review of administrative action under Articles 32 and 136 by the Supreme Court of India and under Articles 226 and 227 by the High Courts, Public Law Review and Private Law Review. Effective implementation of writ of quo-warranto is urgently needed as it is essential and significant to keep administration / public officials within their limits. Creation of an awareness claim of writ of quo-warranto is equally important. Quo-warranto is important to exercise control on public officials who are not performing their public duty reasonably and properly. It gives relief to the individuals against irregular administrative action. Writ of quo-warranto is crucial to keep administrative authorities within their limits which is the core object of administrative law. Indian judiciary has played crucial role in the effective implementation of writ of quo-warranto.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Video Modul Nusantara Mahasiswa PMM 2 terhadap Kemampuan Menulis Teks Laporan Hasil Observasi pada Siswa Siswi Kelas VII SMP Sidorame Medan
Authors: Sitorus Pontas J, , Siahaan Imelda br. , Sitohang Tigor
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Media Video Modul Nusantara Mahasiswa PMM  2 terhadap kemampuan menulis Teks Laporan Hasil Observasi pada Siswa-siswi kelas VII SMP HKBP Sidorame Medan Tahun Pembelajaran 2023/2024. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif eksperimen dengan desain penelitian one group pretest posttest design. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VII dengan jumlah siswa 30 orang yang ditentukan dengan teknik sampling sensus. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji Normalitas, uji Homogenitas, dan uji Hipotesis. Setelah dilakukan penelitian pretest dan posttest dengan menggunakan media video modul nusantara, diperoleh nilai rata-rata pretest  44,5 dan posttest 80,66. Hasil uji prasyarat data pretest dan posttest menyatakan sampel berdistribusi Normal dan Homogen. Dari hasil pengujian hipotesis dalam penelitian ini dilakukan uji “t” pada taraf signifikan 5% yaitu dk = N1+N2, dk = 30+30 = 60-2 =58, df 58 diperoleh taraf signifikan 5 % = 1,667 Ttabel. Hal perhitungan yang dilakukan dapat diketahui bahwa Thitung > Ttabel = 52,8987 > 1,667. Dengan demikian hipotesis nihil (Ho) ditolak dan Hipotesis (Ha) diterima. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan pada pengaruh penggunaan media video modul nusantara di SMP HKBP Sidorame Medan Tahun Pembelajaran 2023/2024.
Kata Kunci: Media Video Modul Nusantara, kemampuan menulis Teks
Abstract
This research aims to determine the effect of the Nusantara Module Video Media for PMM 2 Students on the ability to write Observation Report Texts for Class VII students at HKBP Sidorame Middle School Medan for the 2023/2024 academic year. This type of research is quantitative experimental research with a one group pretest posttest research design. The population in this study was all class VII students with a total of 30 students determined using census sampling techniques. The data analysis techniques used are Normality test, Homogeneity test, and Hypothesis test. After conducting pretest and posttest research using the Indonesian video module media, the average pretest score was 44.5 and posttest 80.66. The pre-test and post-test data prerequisite test results stated that the sample had a Normal and Homogeneous distribution. From the results of hypothesis testing in this study, a "t" test was carried out at a significant level of 5%, namely dk = N1+N2, dk = 30+30 = 60-2 =58, df 58 obtained a significant level of 5% = 1.667 Ttable. From the calculations carried out it can be seen that Tcount > Ttable = 52.8987 > 1.667. Thus the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected and the hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. So it can be concluded that there is a significant influence on the influence of using Indonesian video module media at HKBP Sidorame Medan Middle School in the 2023/2024 Academic Year.
Keywords: Nusantara Module Video Media, ability to write text.
AYAT DAN HADIST TENTANG PINJAMAN (UANG)
Authors: Qhatimah Fhadilah Qhusnul , Baihaqi Muh Yusron , Hikmah Dinar
Published: July 2024

Pinjaman uang adalah sebuah praktek yang umum dalam kehidupan manusia, tetapi islam memiliki pedoman yang harus diikuti oleh umat muslim. Islam melarang praktik riba dalam pinjaman uang. Ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an dan hadist Nabi Muhammad SAW menekankan pentingnya keadilan, kejujuran, dan saling menghormati dalam transaksi pinjaman uang. Dalam perspektif islam, pinjaman uang harus dilakukan secara sukarela, tanpa membebankan bunga yang berlebihan, dan harus mengikuti syarat-syarat dan ketentuan yang telah ditetapkan. Melalui artikel ini, diharapkan pembaca dapat memahami prinsip-prinsip islam, terkait pinjaman uang, serta menerapkan praktek yang sesuai dengan ajaran agama.
AYAT DAN HADIST TENTANG PERCERAIAN
Authors: Habibulloh Muh. , Hernas Erika Putri , Nur'aini Intan , Zakariya Rizki
Published: July 2024

Pernikahan  adalah  ibadah  yang  sangat  dicintai  oleh  Allah  SWT.,  namun  dalam menjalaninya,   setiap pernikahan     akan     mengalami     permasalahan. Ketika permasalahan  itu  tidak  dapat  terselesaikan,  jalan  terakhir  yang  akan  diambil  setiap pasangan  adalah  perceraian  (talak). Jurnal   ini  bertujuan  untuk  mengeksplorasi hadis-hadis  Nabi  SAW.  yang  berkaitan  dengan  talak,  menguraikan  hukum  talak menurut pendapat ulama.
OBJEKTIVITAS PENILAIAN DIRI DALAM MATA KULIAH PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTURALISME PADA MAHASISWA SEMESTER V STAI YAPIS TAKALAR TAHUN 2022
Authors: Muthmainna Alifah
Published: July 2024

Penilaian diri merupakan salah satu teknik penilaian yang direkomendasikan pada kurikulum 2013. Sesuai dengan amanat kurikulum 2013 yang bertujuan mempersiapkan manusia Indonesia agar memiliki kemampuan hidup sebagai pribadi dan warga negara yang beriman, produktif, kreatif, inovatif, dan afektif serta mampu berkontribusi pada kehidupan bermasyarakat, berbangsa, bernegara, dan peradaban dunia, maka perlu memperhatikan pembentukan sikap yang dapat dilakukan melalui penilaian diri. Dengan harapan mahasiswa mampu menilai dan memahami dirinya atas apa yang dibutuhkan dan bagaimana memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut. Penilaian diri sulit dilakukan, karena pada umumnya manusia sulit menilai dan mengukur dirinya sendiri. Menilai diri secara objektif, dapat membentuk karakter mahasiswa untuk dapat berkata jujur dan percaya pada diri sendiri dan orang lain. Namun demikian diperlukan cara yang tepat dalam mengukur objektivitas penilaian diri. Pembelajaran pendidikan multikulturalisme budaya memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda dengan pembelajaran lainnya, tidak hanya dari sisi pengetahuan dan keterampilan, tetapi juga menitikberatkan pada sikap, karena di dalamnya terdapat kegiatan apresiasi, ekspresi, dan kreasi. Berdasarkan karakteristik tersebut, maka penilaian diri yang menjadi salah satu bentuk penilaian yang tertuang dalam kurikulum 2013 menjadi hal yang harus diperhatikan dan dilaksanakan dosen untuk mengetahui keberhasilan dalam proses pembelajaran.
KAJIAN KARAKTERISTIK SOSIAL, EKONOMI DAN BUDAYA MASYARAKAT ADAT SEKITAR KELOMPOK HUTAN LINDUNG GUNUNG SIRIMAU KOTA AMBON PROVINSI MALUKU
Authors: Sitanala Merlin Renny , Parera Evelin , Parera Lydia
Published: July 2024

This study aims to analyze the social, economic and cultural characteristics of the community around the Mount Sirimau Protected Forest Group in Ambon City, Maluku Province. In this study, we use an interdisciplinary approach to understand the relationship between humans and the environment in the region. Data was collected through field surveys, interviews and literature studies. The results of the analysis show that communities around protected forests have a high dependence on natural resources provided by these forests as their main source of livelihood. They also have a rich culture, with a diversity of traditions, beliefs and cultural practices deeply rooted in their daily lives. However, this study also reveals the social and economic challenges faced by society, including limited access to public services and income inequality. The importance of community participation in protected forest management is also highlighted in this study. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the importance of a holistic approach in protected forest management, which takes into account social, economic, cultural and ecological aspects. Collaboration between government, non-government organizations and local communities is needed to formulate sustainable strategies to preserve protected forests and improve the welfare of surrounding communities.
درجة ممارسة مهام الإرشاد التربوي والنفسي لدى الاخصائيين الاجتماعيين العاملين في مدارس التعليم العام في أمانة العاصمة صنعاء
Authors: محمد لطف السقاف
Published: July 2024

يهدف البحث إلى : التعرف على درجة ممارسة مهام الإرشاد التربوي والنفسي لدى الاخصائيين الاجتماعيين العاملين في مدارس التعليم العام في أمانة العاصمة صنعاء ،وكذلك التعرف على المهام والاعمال التي يمارسها الاخصائيون وهي ليست من اختصاصاتهم ، وقد  تناول البحث المحاور التالية : المقدمة – الاطار النظري والدراسات السابقة – اجراءات البحث – الخاتمة وتوصل البحث الى مجموعة من النتائج أهمها : أن جميع الأخصائيين الاجتماعيين يمارسون المهام الإرشادية بدرجة أعلى بقليل من الوسط الحسابي العام للمهام .كما أظهرت النتائج أن الإناث أفضل من الذكور وأن جميع الاختصاصيين يمارسون مهام خارجة عن مهامهم بدرجة متوسطة.
تقييم واقع البحث التربوي في الجامعات اليمنية في ضوء مؤشرات جودة البحث العلمي الجامعي العالمي
Authors: محمد احمد الجوفي
Published: July 2024

هدف البحث إلى : تقييم واقع البحث التربوي في الجامعات اليمنية في ضوء مؤشرات جودة البحث العلمي الجامعي  العالمي . وقد اشتمل البحث على المحاور التالية :  المقدمة - الإطار العام للدراسة – الخلفية النظرية للدراسة – تقييم الجودة البحثية في الجامعات مؤشرات جودة البحث العلمي – كفايات التحليل والتفسير وسلامة الوصول إلى النتائج – الدراسات السابقة والتعليق عليها – الخاتمة .وقد توصل البحث إلى مجموعة من النتائج أهمها : إن واقع البحث التربوي في الجامعات اليمنية في ضوء مؤشرات جودة البحث العلمي الجامعي في المستوى المتوسط من الجودة , وفقا لقيم المتوسطات الحسابية على مدى الاستبانة .
Negative Acknowledgement-Based ARQ Protocol Efficiency in Unicast Data Networks
Authors: Mahdi H. A. Ahmad
Published: July 2024

تعتبر بروتوكولات إعادة الطلب التلقائي (ARQ) أساسية في أنظمة اتصالات البيانات الحديثة لضمان إرسال البيانات بشكل موثوق عبر روابط مادية غير ضعيفة.  ونظرا للتباين الكبير الذي يكتنف  التنفيذ و الأداء -  وهذا يعزوا الى جودة الارتباط-، فإن تحليل الأداء مهم جدا لكي يقوم البروتوكول بالاختيار الصحيح لتنفيذ إجراء معين. هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى نمذجة العديد من روابط بيانات معدل الخطأ (سلكية و لاسلكية) ، و تحليل أداء بروتوكولات  Stop-and-Wait  ، وGO-Back-N، و Selective-Repeat القائم على  الاعتراف الإيجابي  (ACK) ، وكذلك وبروتوكول  Selective-Repeat القائم على  الاعتراف السلبي  .(NAK)