bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengukuran Customer Satisfaction Index Terhadap Pelayanan di Century Gym
Authors: Budhi I gede kt. Tjahyadi Putra , Sumiari Ni Kadek
Published: February 2018

Kepuasan adalah penilaian terhadap suatu produk dengan membandingkan kenyataan dan harapan pada produk tersebut. Kepuasan pelanggan berpengaruh terhadap loyalitas dan kesetiaan pelanggan. Kepuasan Pelanggan memberikan dampak positif pada kelangsungan suatu organisasi dan dapat memberikan rekomendasi kepada calon pelanggan yang baru. Pengukuran tingkat kepuasan pelanggan adalah salah satu cara dari century Gym untuk menjaga kualitas pelayanan terhadap pelanggan.Customer Satisfaction Index adalah metode untuk mengukur kepuasan pelanggan berdasarkan atribut yang akan diukur seperti keandalan, daya tanggap, jaminan, dan empati. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk meningkatkan kinerja pelayanan, fasilitas dan penanganan keluhan pelanggan dari Century Gym. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah perhitungan tingkat kepuasan pelanggan di Century Gym yang dinilai dari atribut  bukti fisik (tangible) keandalan (reliability), daya tanggap (responsiveness), jaminan (assurance), dan empati (emphaty). Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah persetase tingkat kepuasan konsumen dari kelima atribut tersebut. Perhitungan ini bermanfaat bagi organisasi untuk mengetahui tingkat kepentingan pelanggan dan kinerja organisasi menurut persepsi pelanggan. Selain itu dengan adanya penelitian ini juga bisa diketahui kualitas pelayanan yang perlu ditingkatkan dan mendorong upaya peningkatan kualitas pelayanan untuk meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan century gym.
ANALISA FAKTOR PENYEBAB KERUSAKAN JALAN KELAS IIIA DI KABUPATEN LAMONGAN
Authors: Maftukin Muhammad , Kartikasari Dwi
Published: February 2018

Road  damage  sometimes  occurs  earlier than  the  period  of  service  caused  by  many  factors, among  others  are  human  factors  and  natural  factors.  With  the  growing  number  of  vehicles,it  is possible that the road would be damaged in a relatively short time. The purpose of this study is to know the effect of vehicles volume with the level of road damage and the relationship between the vehicles volume  with the level of road damage. In research method, there are several steps that must be done in order to get the results of research that includes doing a preliminary study to knowthe  characteristics  of  the  roads.  This  research  was  conducted  in  the  segment  of  Sekaran  Raya Road, Laren  Raya  Road,  Solokuro  Raya  Road,  and Blimbing  Paciran  Raya  Road  with  the  road damage score amounted to 80.2; 85.2; 86.2 and 80.2 respectively. The traffic volume at peak hours respectively  amounted  3,375.5  smp/hour,  3,320.2  smp/hour,  2,053.9  smp/hour  and  3,832.7 smp/hour.  It  is  known  from  the  result  of  the  traffic  volume  regression  that  the  road  and  time damage  score  is  y  =  0,002824883.x1  +  0,001498059.x2  +  77.00509615,  with  non-linear regression (R2) or the correlation between the x variables with y is = 0.617977513, that the  higher the traffic volume then the road damage will be even greater.
Prototype Penyiram Tanaman Otomatis Dengan Sensor Kelembaban Tanah Berbasis Atmega 328
Authors: Bachri Affan , Utomo Eko Wahyu
Published: February 2018

Tanaman merupakan tumbuhan yang dibudidayakan agar dapat diambil manfaatnya. Tanaman sebagai salah satu makhluk hidup yang sangat berguna untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan manusia. Perkembangan teknologi khususnya komputer sudah demikian majunya merambah setiap bidang kehidupan. Hampir semua aktifitas kegiatan manusia menggunakan teknologi moderen, mulai dari dunia industri, rumah tangga bahkan bidang pertanian. Mikrokontroler sebagai salah satu perkembangan teknologi sebagai kontrol sistem otomatis. Yang diharapkan dapat mempermudah setiap kegiatan yang ingin dilakukan.

Perancangan Prototype penyiram tanaman otomatis menggunakan beberapa komponen utama sebagai input, control dan output. Untuk input menggunakan sensor kelembaban Soil Moisture YL-69, sensor suhu LM35, ultrasonik HC-SR04. Kontrol utama menggunakan mikrokontroler atmega 328. Dan output utama menggunakan water pump dan tampilan LCD 16x2. Selain itu ada juga beberapa komponen pendukung seperti resistor sebagai penghambat untuk reset pada kontrol mikrokontroler atmega 328, potensiometer sebagai pengatur blackligth pada LCD 16x2. Relay sebagai pemicu water pump yang diproses dari Kontrol mikrokontroler.
Pengaruh Pencemaran Limbah Detergen terhadap Biota Air
Authors: Isti’anah Isti’anah , Najah Sayyidatun , Pratiwi Selvy Hani Putri
Published: February 2018

Pencemaran air adalah masuknya atau dimasukkanya makhluk hidup, zat, energi dan atau komponen lain kedalam  air oleh kegiatan manusia, sehingga kualitas air turun sampai ketingkat tertentu yang menyebabkan air tidak dapat  berfungsi sesuai dengan fungsinya.  Salah satu yang menyebabkan air tercemar adalah buangan limbah domestik  berupa detergen. Tujuan penelitian ini dalah menganalisis seberapa jauh pengaruh detergen terhadap tingkah laku ikan.  Hal  ini  bisa  dijadikan  sebagai  bio  indikator  bahwa  sungai  tersebut sudah  tercemar.  Hasil  penelitian  didapatkan  bahwa  sebagian  masyarakat  menjadikan  sungai  sebagai  bahan  buangan  limbah  termasuk  limbah  domestik (detergen) yang berpengaruh terhadap makhluk hidup yang ada di dalamnya, salah satunya adalah ikan.  Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin banyak detergen yang terkandung didalam air maka semakin  berpengaruh pula terhadap kelangsungan hidup ikan. Seperti kejang-kejang, mengeluarkan lendir, insang berdarah,  bahkan langsung mati.  Penelitian ini diharapkan bisa  bermanfaat dan menjadi masukan bagi  masyarakat  dalam  menjaga dan melestarikan lingkungan. Agar kehidupan masyarakat lebih terjaga dan jauh dari penyakit.
A scoping review of existing guidelines and recommendations for the use of influenza antiviral medications
Authors: Kraicer-Melamed Hannah , Doll Margaret K , Boikos Constantina , Winters Nicholas , Frimer Leora , Stirling Robert , Gore Genevieve , Quach Caroline
Published: February 2018

Background: Antiviral medications (AV) are available to mitigate mortality, morbidity, and absenteeism associated with influenza. Management of the burden of influenza is a concern to governing organizations, and thus it is important to understand how AVs are used in practice. To address this, the study reviewed recommendations and guidelines for AV use in situations of seasonal, pandemic, and novel/variant influenza from organizations around the world. Methods: Electronic databases, government and international websites, and Google were searched for guidelines and recommendations developed at the national and international levels by governments, intergovernmental organizations, and task forces that identify AV use recommendations. Results: Of 609 documents retrieved from the electronic search and manual review, 57 were included. Neuraminidase inhibitors (NIs) were recommended for use in nearly 80% of guidelines. Oseltamivir or oseltamivir/zanamivir were recommended for use in 38.6% and 40.4% of guidelines, respectively. Most guidelines based their recommendations on explicit evidence, the majority of which cited WHO documents. AV use was recommended for the general population in 42 guidelines; oseltamivir was recommended most commonly for both prophylaxis and treatment. Conclusions: The majority of guidelines covering subpopulations recommended the use of AVs. Details of AV administration (dose, duration, and timing), when reported, were consistent by indication. Guidelines recommending use of adamantanes were either published before 2007 or recommended their use for specific subpopulations. Guidelines were generally consistent in recommending the use of NIs for indication, type of influenza, setting, subpopulation, and evidence used to inform the recommendation.
Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis and intra-abdominal fistulas secondary to Mycobacterium bovis from remote consumption of unpasteurized cow’s milk
Authors: McLeod Laura Jane , Venkatesh Anantha Ram , Hilsden Richard , Elsayed Sameer , Brackstone Muriel
Published: February 2018

Mycobacterium bovis tuberculosis acquired in Canada is extremely rare, thanks to eradication and surveillance programs as well as to milk pasteurization practices initiated in the early twentieth century. This case report presents a case of abdominal tuberculosis in a 69-year-old Canadian-born white man presumed to be secondary to consumption of unpasteurized cow’s milk in childhood. He initially presented with non-specific abdominal symptoms and underwent extensive work-up, including CT-guided biopsy, which failed to elucidate the diagnosis. After multiple hospitalizations, he underwent exploratory laparotomy with peritoneal biopsy, from which M. bovis was cultured. Diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis is notoriously challenging because of its long latency period and the non-specific nature of presenting symptoms. In addition, imaging similarities between abdominal tuberculosis and neoplastic processes can cause further confusion. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges of this disease while illustrating the importance of a thorough history, particularly in the context of a difficult diagnosis.
Streptococcus intermedius osteomyelitis of the radius
Authors: Zhabokritsky Alice , Lam Philip W , Salit Irving E
Published: February 2018

Streptococcus intermedius is a gram-positive bacterium belonging to the S. anginosus group, which is part of the normal human flora. This group of organisms is distinguished from other Streptococcal species by its virulence and shared ability to form abscesses. S. intermedius expresses several pyogenic exotoxins that contribute to its ability to form biofilms, lyse cells to traverse tissues, and liquefy pus. This report presents a case of osteomyelitis of the radius caused by S. intermedius. The patient required extensive and repeated debridement and was successfully treated with a first-generation cephalosporin.
A 63-year-old man with invasive amoebiasis mimicking pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Parkes Leighanne O , Cheng Matthew P , Libman Michael
Published: February 2018

Entamoeba histolytica is an intestinal protozoan parasite transmitted through the faecal–oral route. Up to 90% of E. histolytica infections are asymptomatic or associated with mild symptoms. Most cases in Canada are from residents of or travellers from areas of high endemicity, although autochthonous cases have been reported among men who have sex with men (MSM) and Canadian Indigenous populations. We present an uncommon case of amoebic liver abscess with diaphragmatic perforation and intrapulmonary extension mimicking active pulmonary tuberculosis. Amoebic liver abscesses are infrequently seen outside of endemic areas, rarely extend outside the liver, and should be suspected in cases of unexplained fever even in the absence of signs, symptoms, or basic blood tests suggestive of liver pathology.
Three-Dimensional Data Storage in the Subsurface Region and Fast Read-Out Technologies for Determining the Mechanical Load History of Components
Authors: Barton S. , Reimche W. , Maier H. J.
Published: February 2018

In industrial production, the absence of clear component identification and unrecognized component defects can lead to a lack of protection against product piracy and unforeseen faults in machinery and equipment. In this context, data, which are stored directly in the subsurface region of a component ensuring its clear identification, as well as sensitive materials which act as sensors for high loading, can contribute to problem-oriented solutions. For robust, forgery-proof component identification that is inseparably linked to the component, three-dimensional data matrix codes are introduced into the component's subsurface region via a laser-induced local heat treatment. This technology ensures a sufficient data density. By locally tempering the metastable austenitic steel, areas are created where mechanical loads exceeding a defined level cause changes in the microstructure of the heat treated subsurface region. By means of adapting suitable read-out technologies, such as high-resolution eddy-current technology and the harmonic analysis of eddy-current signals, the data and load information stored in the component's subsurface region can be read non-destructively.
High-Throughput Exploration of Evolutionary Structural Materials
Authors: Ellendt N. , Mädler L.
Published: February 2018

While experimental high-throughput and computational methods exist for the development of functional materials, structural materials are still being developed on the base of experience, stepwise prediction and punctual support of computational models. As a result, many major breakthroughs have been and still are achieved by coincidence under non-intuitive conditions. Experimental high throughput methods allow to explore large process windows where no prediction is possible due to lack of existent data. This work proposes the high throughput method “Farbige Zustände” as a novel approach for the experimental exploration of structural materials. New methods for sample synthesis, treatment and characterization are developed as well as computational methods for ad-hoc data analysis, search and experiment planning.
On the Stress Distribution in Slotted Cylinder Springs
Authors: Mbobda Gerard , Meva'a Lucien , Mbobda Pascal Luprince Kouokam
Published: February 2018

A critical analysis of the scientific literature shows that, contrary to helical and other springs widely used in practice, slotted cylinder springs have been insufficiently documented to date. Currently, given the under exploited potential of their particular mechanical properties, a further investigation is much necessary in order to extend their use to as many as possible areas of technology. This is quite possible thanks to the most recent state of mechanical design research and technology. This paper is a part of a project that aims at developing specific computer software tools allowing precise analytic stress state determination. It develops a statically indeterminate approach of the problem of the stress behaviour of such springs, following which previously and three newly proposed models are compared one with another on the basis of ratios between Von Mises’ stresses. Finally, for the case of two slots per section slotted cylinder springs, it is concluded that the analytical solution of the two degrees of freedom proposed primary system is in good agreement with empirical and Computer Aid Design res-olutions. A generalization to higher number of slots per section springs is foreseen using the same methodology.
Molecular Markers Improve Breeding Efficiency in Apomictic Poa Pratensis L.
Authors: Bushman B. , Joshi Alpana , Johnson Paul
Published: February 2018

Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) is a highly adapted and important turfgrass species in cool-season climates. It has high and variable polyploidy, small and metacentric chromosomes, and a facultative apomictic breeding system. As a result of the polyploidy and apomixis, identifying hybrids for Mendelian selection, identifying fixed apomictic progeny of desirable hybridizations for cultivar development, or differentiating among cultivars with subtle phenotypic differences is challenging without the assistance of molecular markers. Herein, we show data and review previous research showing the uses and limitations of using molecular markers for hybrid detection, apomixis assessment, and cultivar discrimination. In order to differentiate among different apomictic offtypes, both molecular markers and flow cytometry are necessary. For assessing similarity among progeny of hybridizations, as well as discriminating among cultivars, sets of markers are necessary and cryptic molecular variation must be considered. High throughput genotyping platforms are critical for increased genotyping efficiency.
Quantifying Variability in Maize Yield Response to Nutrient Applications in the Northern Nigerian Savanna
Authors: Shehu Bello , Merckx Roel , Jibrin Jibrin , Kamara Alpha , Rurinda Jairos
Published: February 2018

Diagnostic on-farm nutrient omission trials were conducted over two cropping seasons (2015 and 2016) to assess soil nutrients related constraints to maize yield in the northern Nigerian savanna agro-ecological zone and to quantify their variability. Two sets of trials were conducted side by side, one with an open pollinated maize variety (OPV) and the other one with a hybrid maize variety and each set had six equal treatments laid out in 198 farmers’ fields. The treatments comprised (i) a control, (ii) a PK (‘−N,’ without N), (iii) an NK (‘−P,’ without P), (iv) an NP (‘−K,’ without K), (v) an NPK and (vi) an NPK + S + Ca + Mg + Zn + B (‘+SMM,’ NPK plus secondary macro- and micro-nutrients). Moderate to a large variability in most soil characteristics was observed in the studied fields. Consequently, cluster analysis revealed three distinct yield-nutrient response classes common for the two types of maize varieties. These define classes were fields that have (i) no-response to any nutrient, (ii) a large response to N and P and (iii) a large response to N alone. Although overall yield performance of OPV and hybrid varieties was similar, a distinct fourth class was identified for the hybrid variety, (iv) fields with a large response to N and secondary macro- and micro-nutrients. The results indicate that the large variability in soil nutrients related constraints need to be accounted for to optimize maize yield in the northern Nigerian savanna. The development of field- and area-specific fertilizer recommendations is highly needed, using simple decision support tools that consider variable soil fertility conditions and yield responses as obtained from this study.
A Heuristic Method for the Reduction of the Outage Rate of High-Voltage Substations Due to Atmospheric Overvoltages
Authors: Christodoulou Christos , Vita Vasiliki , Voglitsis Dionysios , Milushev George , Ekonomou Lambros
Published: February 2018

The adequate protection against lightning surges and the limitation of the expected annual failure rate of high-voltage substations are critical issues, in an effort to secure the safety of the equipment and the personnel. Various factors affect the lightning performance of the substations, determining the developed lightning surges and the expected outage rate, i.e., the grounding resistance, the length of the underground cable between the connected overhead transmission line and the power transformer, and the installation position of the arresters. In the current work, a heuristic method is developed to adjust different parameters of high-voltage substations that upgrade their lightning performance. The proposed methodology can be useful to the studies of substations’ designers and engineers, contributing effectively in the reduction or/and elimination of lightning failures.
Corrosion Resistance and Durability of Superhydrophobic Copper Surface in Corrosive NaCl Aqueous Solution
Authors: Yao Chun-Wei , Sebastian Divine , Lian Ian , Günaydın-Şen Özge , Clarke Robbie , Clayton Kirby , Chen Chiou-Yun , Kharel Krishna , Chen Yanyu , Li Qibo
Published: February 2018

Artificial superhydrophobic copper surfaces play an important role in modern applications such as self-cleaning and dropwise condensation; however, corrosion resistance and durability often present as major concerns in such applications. In this study, the anti-corrosion properties and mechanical durability of superhydrophobic copper surface have been investigated. The superhydrophobic copper surfaces were achieved with wet chemical etching and an immersion method to reduce the complexity of the fabrication process. The surface structures and materials were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). The corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of the superhydrophobic copper surface were characterized after immersing surfaces in a 3.5 wt % NaCl solution. The chemical stability of the superhydrophobic copper surface in the NaCl solution for a short period of time was also evaluated. An abrasion test and an ultrasound oscillation were conducted to confirm that the copper surface contained durable superhydrophobic properties. In addition, an atomic force microscope was employed to study the surface mechanical property in the corrosion conditions. The present study shows that the resulting superhydrophobic copper surface exhibit enhanced corrosion resistance and durability.
Review of Gallium-68 PSMA PET/CT Imaging in the Management of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Lenzo Nat , Meyrick Danielle , Turner J.
Published: February 2018

Over 90% of prostate cancers over-express prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and these tumor cells may be accurately targeted for diagnosis by 68Ga-PSMA-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT) imaging. This novel molecular imaging modality appears clinically to have superseded CT, and appears superior to MR imaging, for the detection of metastatic disease. 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT has the ability to reliably stage prostate cancer at presentation and can help inform an optimal treatment approach. Novel diagnostic applications of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT include guiding biopsy to improve sampling accuracy, and guiding surgery and radiotherapy. In addition to facilitating the management of metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), 68Ga-PSMA can select patients who may benefit from targeted systemic radionuclide therapy. 68Ga-PSMA is the diagnostic positron-emitting theranostic pair with the beta emitter Lutetium-177 PSMA (177Lu-PSMA) and alpha-emitter Actinium-225 PSMA (225Ac-PSMA) which can both be used to treat PSMA-avid metastases of prostate cancer in the molecular tumor-targeted approach of theranostic nuclear oncology.
Study on the Hazard Limitation of Hybrid Circuit Breaker Actuator Operation
Authors: Jankowski Piotr , Mindykowski Janusz
Published: February 2018

The paper deals with a key issue, how to limit the hazard and assure reliability, safety and repeatability of operation of selected critical devices protecting electrical power systems. The main research is focused on the incorrect operation of hybrid switches caused by random disturbances of the thyristor gate signals in the electrodynamic drive coil power supply circuit. Firstly, a pilot experiment on the operation of hybrid circuit breaker actuators under random disturbance conditions was carried out and the results are presented. Next, an in-depth operation analysis, based on experimental and simulation research, according to setting conditions of the circuit breaker actuator parameters such as capacitance, voltage and switching time was performed. A simulation study with the use of a field–circumferential model in the Ansys Maxwell program of electrodynamic propulsion of rectilinear motion, which enables energy transfer from the capacitor bank to the actuator coil power supply at selected time intervals, was executed. The study analysed the impact of the discontinuity of energy transfer on the dynamic properties of the actuator and some recommendations for designers and users on how to limit this hazard are formulated.
Coordination of Heat Pumps, Electric Vehicles and AGC for Efficient LFC in a Smart Hybrid Power System via SCA-Based Optimized FOPID Controllers
Authors: Khezri Rahmat , Oshnoei Arman , Tarafdar Hagh Mehrdad , Muyeen SM
Published: February 2018

Due to the high price of fossil fuels, the increased carbon footprint in conventional generation units and the intermittent functionality of renewable units, alternative sources must contribute to the load frequency control (LFC) of the power system. To tackle the challenge, dealing with controllable loads, the ongoing study aims at efficient LFC in smart hybrid power systems. To achieve this goal, heat pumps (HPs) and electric vehicles (EVs) are selected as the most effective controllable loads to contribute to the LFC issue. In this regard, the EVs can be controlled in a bidirectional manner as known charging and discharging states under a smart structure. In addition, regarding the HPs, the power consumption is controllable. As the main task, this paper proposes a fractional order proportional integral differential (FOPID) controller for coordinated control of power consumption in HPs, the discharging state in EVs and automatic generation control (AGC). The parameters of the FOPID controllers are optimized simultaneously by the sine cosine algorithm (SCA), which is a new method for optimization problems. In the sequel, four scenarios, including step and random load changes, aggregated intermittent generated power from wind turbines, a random load change scenario and a sensitivity analysis scenario, are selected to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed SCA-based FOPID controllers in a hybrid two-area power system.
Socioeconomic Indicators for the Evaluation and Monitoring of Climate Change in National Parks: An Analysis of the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (Spain)
Authors: López Iván , Pardo Mercedes
Published: February 2018

This paper analyzes the importance of assessing and controlling the social and economic impact of climate change in national parks. To this end, a system of indicators for evaluation and monitoring is proposed for the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park, one of the most important in Spain. Based on the Driving forces-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework, the designed system uses official statistical data in combination with data to be collected through ad hoc qualitative research. The result is a system of indicators that monitors the use of natural resources, the demographic evolution, economic activities, social interactions, and policies. Adapted to different contexts, these indicators could also be used in other national parks and similar natural protected areas throughout the world. This type of indicator system is one of the first to be carried out in Spain’s national parks. The result is a system that can be useful not only in itself, but also one that can catalyze climate change planning and management of national parks.
Pathogenicity Islands Distribution in Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC)
Authors: Cadona Jimena , Bustamante Ana , González Juliana , Sanso Andrea
Published: February 2018

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are foodborne pathogens associated with outbreaks and hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Cattle and meat foods are the main reservoir and infection source, respectively. Pathogenicity islands (PAIs) play an important role in STEC pathogenicity, and non-locus of the enterocyte effacement(LEE) effector (nle) genes present on them encode translocated substrates of the type III secretion system. A molecular risk assessment based on the evaluation of the nle content has been used to predict which STEC strains pose a risk to humans. The goal was to investigate the distribution of the PAIs OI (O-island)-36 (nleB2, nleC, nleH1-1, nleD), OI-57 (nleG2-3, nleG5-2, nleG6-2), OI-71 (nleA, nleF, nleG, nleG2-1, nleG9, nleH1-2) and OI-122 (ent/espL2, nleB, nleE, Z4321, Z4326, Z4332, Z4333) among 204 clinical, food and animal isolates belonging to 52 non-O157:H7 serotypes. Differences in the frequencies of genetic markers and a wide spectrum of PAI virulence profiles were found. In most LEE-negative strains, only module 1 (Z4321) of OI-122 was present. However, some unusual eae-negative strains were detected, which carried other PAI genes. The cluster analysis, excluding isolates that presented no genes, defined two major groups: eae-negative (determined as seropathotypes (SPTs) D, E or without determination, isolated from cattle or food) and eae-positive (mostly identified as SPTs B, C, or not determined).
A Knowledge-Informed and Pareto-Based Artificial Bee Colony Optimization Algorithm for Multi-Objective Land-Use Allocation
Authors: Yang Lina , Zhu Axing , Shao Jing , Chi Tianhe
Published: February 2018

Land-use allocation is of great significance in urban development. This type of allocation is usually considered to be a complex multi-objective spatial optimization problem, whose optimized result is a set of Pareto-optimal solutions (Pareto front) reflecting different tradeoffs in several objectives. However, obtaining a Pareto front is a challenging task, and the Pareto front obtained by state-of-the-art algorithms is still not sufficient. To achieve better Pareto solutions, taking the grid-representative land-use allocation problem with two objectives as an example, an artificial bee colony optimization algorithm for multi-objective land-use allocation (ABC-MOLA) is proposed. In this algorithm, the traditional ABC’s search direction guiding scheme and solution maintaining process are modified. In addition, a knowledge-informed neighborhood search strategy, which utilizes the auxiliary knowledge of natural geography and spatial structures to facilitate the neighborhood spatial search around each solution, is developed to further improve the Pareto front’s quality. A series of comparison experiments (a simulated experiment with small data volume and a real-world data experiment for a large area) shows that all the Pareto fronts obtained by ABC-MOLA totally dominate the Pareto fronts by other algorithms, which demonstrates ABC-MOLA’s effectiveness in achieving Pareto fronts of high quality.
The T2238C Human Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Molecular Variant and the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Rubattu Speranza , Sciarretta Sebastiano , Marchitti Simona , Bianchi Franca , Forte Maurizio , Volpe Massimo
Published: February 2018

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a cardiac hormone which plays important functions to maintain cardio-renal homeostasis. The peptide structure is highly conserved among species. However, a few gene variants are known to fall within the human ANP gene. The variant rs5065 (T2238C) exerts the most substantial effects. The T to C transition at the 2238 position of the gene (13–23% allele frequency in the general population) leads to the production of a 30-, instead of 28-, amino-acid-long α-carboxy-terminal peptide. In vitro, CC2238/αANP increases the levels of reactive oxygen species and causes endothelial damage, vascular smooth muscle cells contraction, and increased platelet aggregation. These effects are achieved through the deregulated activation of type C natriuretic peptide receptor, the consequent inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity, and the activation of Giα proteins. In vivo, endothelial dysfunction and increased platelet aggregation are present in human subjects carrying the C2238/αANP allele variant. Several studies documented an increased risk of stroke and of myocardial infarction in C2238/αANP carriers. Recently, an incomplete response to antiplatelet therapy in ischemic heart disease patients carrying the C2238/αANP variant and undergoing percutaneous coronary revascularization has been reported. In summary, the overall evidence supports the concept that T2238C/ANP is a cardiovascular genetic risk factor that needs to be taken into account in daily clinical practice.
Raising Awareness of False Positive Newborn Screening Results Arising from Pivalate-Containing Creams and Antibiotics in Europe When Screening for Isovaleric Acidaemia
Authors: Bonham James , Carling Rachel , Lindner Martin , Franzson Leifur , Zetterstrom Rolf , Boemer Francois , Cerone Roberto , Eyskens Francois , Vilarinho Laura , Hougaard David , Schielen Peter
Published: February 2018

While the early and asymptomatic recognition of treatable conditions offered by newborn screening confers clear health benefits for the affected child, the clinical referral of patients with screen positive results can cause significant harm for some families. The use of pivalate-containing antibiotics and more recently the inclusion of neopentanoate as a component within moisturising creams used as nipple balms by nursing mothers can result in a significant number of false positive results when screening for isovaleric acidaemia (IVA) by measuring C5 acylcarnitine. A recent survey conducted within centres from nine countries indicated that this form of contamination had been or was a significant confounding factor in the detection of IVA in seven of the nine who responded. In three of these seven the prominent cause was believed to derive from the use of moisturising creams and in another three from antibiotics containing pivalate; one country reported that the cause was mixed. As a result, four of these seven centres routinely perform second tier testing to resolve C5 isobars when an initial C5 result is elevated, and a fifth is considering making this change within their national programme. The use of creams containing neopentanoate by nursing mothers and evolving patterns in the prescription of pivalate-containing antibiotics during pregnancy require those involved in the design and operation of newborn screening programmes used to detect IVA and the doctors who receive clinical referrals from these programmes to maintain an awareness of the potential impact of this form of interference on patient results.
Roadside Survey of Ants on Oahu, Hawaii
Authors: Tong Reina , Grace J. , Krushelnycky Paul , Spafford Helen
Published: February 2018

Hawaii is home to over 60 ant species, including five of the six most damaging invasive ants. Although there have been many surveys of ants in Hawaii, the last island-wide hand-collection survey of ants on Oahu was conducted in 1988–1994. In 2012, a timed hand-collection of ants was made at 44 sites in a systematic, roadside survey throughout Oahu. Ants were identified and species distribution in relation to elevation, precipitation and soil type was analyzed. To assess possible convenience sampling bias, 15 additional sites were sampled further from roads to compare with the samples near roads. Twenty-four species of ants were found and mapped; Pheidole megacephala (F.), Ochetellus glaber (Mayr), and Technomyrmex difficilis Forel were the most frequently encountered ants. For six ant species, a logistic regression was performed with elevation, average annual precipitation, and soil order as explanatory variables. O. glaber was found in areas with lower precipitation around Oahu. Paratrechina longicornis (Latrielle) and Tetramorium simillimum (Smith, F.) were found more often in lower elevations and in areas with the Mollisol soil order. Elevation, precipitation, and soil type were not significant sources of variation for P. megacephala, Plagiolepis alluaudi Emery, and T. difficilis. P. megacephala was associated with fewer mean numbers of ants where it occurred. Ant assemblages near and far from roads did not significantly differ. Many species of ants remain established on Oahu, and recent invaders are spreading throughout the island. Mapping ant distributions contributes to continued documentation and understanding of these pests.
Hyperglycemia Alters the Structure and Hemodynamics of the Developing Embryonic Heart
Authors: Lawson Taylor , Scott-Drechsel Devon , Chivukula Venkat , Rugonyi Sandra , Thornburg Kent , Hinds Monica
Published: February 2018

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) represent the most common form of human birth defects; approximately one-third of heart defects involve malformations of the outflow tract (OFT). Maternal diabetes increases the risk of CHD by 3–5 fold. During heart organogenesis, little is known about the effects of hyperglycemia on hemodynamics, which are critical to normal heart development. Heart development prior to septation in the chick embryo was studied under hyperglycemic conditions. Sustained hyperglycemic conditions were induced, raising the average plasma glucose concentration from 70 mg/dL to 180 mg/dL, akin to the fasting plasma glucose of a patient with diabetes. The OFTs were assessed for structural and hemodynamic alterations using optical coherence tomography (OCT), confocal microscopy, and microcomputed tomography. In hyperglycemic embryos, the endocardial cushions of the proximal OFT were asymmetric, and the OFTs curvature and torsion were significantly altered. The blood flow velocity through the OFT of hyperglycemic embryos was significantly decreased, including flow reversal in 30% of the cardiac cycle. Thus, hyperglycemia at the onset of gestation results in asymmetric proximal endocardial cushions, abnormal OFT curvature, and altered hemodynamics in the developing heart. If present in humans, these results may identify early developmental alterations that contribute to the increased risk for cardiac malformations in babies from diabetic mothers.
Facilitating the Study of the Texturing Effect on Hydrodynamic Lubrication
Authors: Guo Liang , Wong Patrick , Gachot Carsten
Published: February 2018

To facilitate fundamental study of the surface texturing effect on hydrodynamic lubrication, analytical and experimental tools are required. While there is an extensive amount of theoretical and analytical analyses in the literature, relevant experimental studies are much rarer. A detailed study requires techniques by which one can (a) produce micron-sized textures on a millimeter-scale area on a specimen surface and (b) accurately measure the lubricating film thickness and load-carrying capacity of a bearing. The paper introduces the use of an efficient laser technique (direct laser interference patterning) and a custom-designed fixed-incline slider tester to address these points. A steel slider was textured with the laser technique to produce a surface pattern in the inlet region of the bearing contact. The characterization of the load-carrying capacity for different convergence ratios K is presented.
Effect of Laser Remelting on Friction-Wear Behaviors of Cold Sprayed Al Coatings in 3.5% NaCl Solution
Authors: Jing Zhang , Dejun Kong
Published: February 2018

A cold sprayed Al coating on S355 structural steel was processed using a laser remelting (LR). The surface and cross-section morphologies, chemical compositions, and phases of as-obtained Al coating before and after LR were analyzed using a scanning electronic microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and X-ray diffractometer (XRD), respectively, and their hardness was measured using a micro-hardness tester. The friction-wear behaviors of Al coating before and after LR in 3.5% NaCl solution were conducted to simulate the sand and gravel scouring on its surface in seawater, the effects of wear loads and speeds on the tribological properties of Al coating were analyzed, and the wear mechanisms under different wear loads and speeds were also discussed. The results show that the Al coating after LR is primarily composed of an Al phase and its hardness is 104.66 HV, increasing 54.70 HV than the cold sprayed Al coating. The average coefficient of friction (COF) of cold sprayed Al coating at the wear load of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 N is 0.285, 0.239, and 0.435, respectively, while that after LR is 0.243, 0.227, and 0.327, respectively, decreased by 14.73%, 5.02% and 24.83% compared to the cold sprayed Al coating. The wear rate of cold sprayed Al coating at the wear load of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 N is 1.60 × 10−4, 2.36 × 10−4, and 2.40 × 10−4 mm3/m·N, respectively, while that after LR is 1.59 × 10−4, 1.70 × 10−4, and 1.94 × 10–4 mm3/m·N, respectively, decreased by 1%, 32%, and 23%, respectively, indicating that LR has high anti-friction performance. Under the wear load action of 1.0 N, the average COF of laser remelted Al coating at the wear speeds of 300, 400 and 500 times/min is 0.294, 0.279, and 0.239, respectively, and the corresponding wear rate is 1.06 × 10−4, 1.24 × 10−4, and 1.70 × 10−4 mm3/m·N, respectively. The wear mechanism of cold sprayed Al coating is primarily corrosion wear at the loads of 0.5 and 1.0 N, and that at the load of 1.5 N is abrasive wear and fatigue wear; while that after LR is abrasive wear and fatigue wear, with no corrosion wear, showing that LR improves its corrosion and wear resistance.
Recent Advances in Antibacterial and Antiendotoxic Peptides or Proteins from Marine Resources
Authors: Wang Zhenlong , Wang Xiumin , Wang Jianhua
Published: February 2018

Infectious diseases caused by Gram-negative bacteria and sepsis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) pose a major threat to humans and animals and cause millions of deaths each year. Marine organisms are a valuable resource library of bioactive products with huge medicinal potential. Among them, antibacterial and antiendotoxic peptides or proteins, which are composed of metabolically tolerable residues, are present in many marine species, including marine vertebrates, invertebrates and microorganisms. A lot of studies have reported that these marine peptides and proteins or their derivatives exhibit potent antibacterial activity and antiendotoxic activity in vitro and in vivo. However, their categories, heterologous expression in microorganisms, physicochemical factors affecting peptide or protein interactions with bacterial LPS and LPS-neutralizing mechanism are not well known. In this review, we highlight the characteristics and anti-infective activity of bifunctional peptides or proteins from marine resources as well as the challenges and strategies for further study.
Geometry Design, Principles and Assembly of Micromotors
Authors: Ning Huanpo , Zhang Yan , Zhu Hong , Ingham Andreas , Huang Gaoshan , Mei Yongfeng , Solovev Alexander
Published: February 2018

Discovery of bio-inspired, self-propelled and externally-powered nano-/micro-motors, rotors and engines (micromachines) is considered a potentially revolutionary paradigm in nanoscience. Nature knows how to combine different elements together in a fluidic state for intelligent design of nano-/micro-machines, which operate by pumping, stirring, and diffusion of their internal components. Taking inspirations from nature, scientists endeavor to develop the best materials, geometries, and conditions for self-propelled motion, and to better understand their mechanisms of motion and interactions. Today, microfluidic technology offers considerable advantages for the next generation of biomimetic particles, droplets and capsules. This review summarizes recent achievements in the field of nano-/micromotors, and methods of their external control and collective behaviors, which may stimulate new ideas for a broad range of applications.
Washability and Distribution Behaviors of Trace Elements of a High-Sulfur Coal, SW Guizhou, China
Authors: Cheng Wei , Yang Ruidong , Zhang Qin , Luo Baojiang , Jia Yujuan
Published: February 2018

The float-sink test is a commonly used technology for the study of coal washability, which determines optimal separation density for coal washing based on the desired sulfur and ash yield of the cleaned coal. In this study, the float-sink test is adopted for a high-sulfur Late Permian coal from Hongfa coalmine (No.26), southwestern Guizhou, China, to investigate its washability, and to analyze the organic affinities and distribution behaviors of some toxic and valuable trace elements. Results show that the coal is difficult to separate in terms of desulfurization. A cleaned coal could theoretically be obtained with a yield of 75.50%, sulfur 2.50%, and ash yield 11.33% when the separation density is 1.57 g/cm3. Trace elements’ distribution behaviors during the gravity separation were evaluated by correlation analysis and calculation. It was found that Cs, Ga, Ta, Th, Rb, Sb, Nb, Hf, Ba, Pb, In, Cu, and Zr are of significant inorganic affinity; while Sn, Co, Re, U, Mo, V, Cr, Ni, and Be are of relatively strong organic affinity. LREE (Light rare earth elements), however, seem to have weaker organic affinity than HREE (Heavy rare earth elements), which can probably be attributed to lanthanide contraction. When the separation density is 1.60 g/cm3, a large proportion of Sn, Be, Cr, U, V, Mo, Ni, Cd, Pb, and Cu migrate to the cleaned coal, but most of Mn, Sb and Th stay in the gangue. Coal preparation provides alternativity for either toxic elements removal or valuable elements preconcentration in addition to desulfurization and deashing. The enrichment of trace elements in the cleaned coal depends on the predetermined separation density which will influence the yields and ash yields of the cleaned coal.
Dissolution Behaviors of Trace Muscovite during Pressure Leaching of Hydrothermal Vein Quartz Using H2SO4 and NH4Cl as Leaching Agents
Authors: Pei Zhenyu , Lin Min , Liu Yuanyuan , Lei Shaomin
Published: February 2018

Dissolution behaviors of trace muscovite during pressure leaching of hydrothermal vein quartz using H2SO4 and NH4Cl as leaching agents have been studied by means of optical and electronic microscopes. Phase transformations of pure muscovite during calcination and the pressure leaching were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermal analysis (TG-DSC), which are used for indirectly discussing dissolution mechanisms of the trace muscovite. Structure damages of trace muscovite are caused by calcination, and further developed during pressure leaching of the quartz sand using H2SO4 and NH4Cl as leaching agents. The trace muscovite is dissolved, and then efficiently separated from quartz sand by coupling effects of calcination and fluorine-free pressure leaching.
Molecular Modeling of Adsorption of 5-Aminosalicylic Acid in the Halloysite Nanotube
Authors: Borrego-Sánchez Ana , Awad Mahmoud , Sainz-Díaz Claro
Published: February 2018

Halloysite nanotubes are becoming interesting materials for drug delivery. The knowledge of surface interactions is important for optimizing this application. The aim of this work is to perform a computational study of the interaction between 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) drug and halloysite nanotubes for the development of modified drug delivery systems. The optimization of this nanotube and the adsorption of different conformers of the 5-ASA drug on the internal surface of halloysite in the presence and absence of water were performed using quantum mechanical calculations by using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and methods based on atomistic force fields for molecular modeling, respectively.
Wogonin Suppresses the Activity of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and Inhibits Migration and Invasion in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Hong Ming , Cheng Honghui , Song Lei , Wang Wencai , Wang Qi , Xu Donggang , Xing Weiwei
Published: February 2018

As one of the major active ingredients in Radix Scutellariae, wogonin has been shown to be associated with various pharmacological activities on cancer cell growth, apoptosis, and cell invasion and migration. Here, we demonstrated that wogonin may harbor potential anti-metastatic activities in hepatocarcinoma (HCC). The anti-metastasis potential of wogonin and its underlying mechanisms were evaluated by ligand–protein docking approach, surface plasmon resonance assay, and in vitro gelatin zymography studies. Our results showed that wogonin (100 μM, 50 μM) suppressed MHCC97L and PLC/PRF/5 cells migration and invasion in vitro. The docking approach and surface plasmon resonance assay indicated that the potential binding affinity between wogonin and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) may lead to inhibition of MMP-9 activity and further leads to suppression of tumor metastasis. This conclusion was further verified by Western blot results and gelatin zymography analysis. Wogonin might be a potent treatment option for disrupting the tumor metastasis that favors HCC development. The potential active targets from computational screening integrated with biomedical study may help us to explore the molecular mechanism of herbal medicines.