bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A ATUALIDADE DA ALIANÇA NACIONAL LIBERTADORA (ANL) – 80 ANOS DEPOIS
Authors: Prestes Anita Leocádia
Published: April 2017

No artigo é abordada a atuação da Aliança Nacional Libertadora – uma ampla frente formada, em 1935, por setores representativos da sociedade brasileira da época, mobilizados em torno da luta contra o avanço do integralismo no Brasil e do fascismo no cenário mundial, assim como contra a dominação imperialista e o latifúndio em  nosso país. É destacada a atualidade da ANL para as esquerdas e os movimentos populares contemporâneos.
DA TEORIA DA HISTÓRIA A HISTÓRIA DA TEORIA: A TOTALIDADE DO TRABALHO NA DIALÉTICA MARXISTA
Authors: Magalhães Àlcio Crisóstomo
Published: April 2017

 

O que aparentemente pode ser confundido como um conceito entre tantos outros da vasta epistemologia marxista corresponde à categoria central do Método correto. É essa a tese que se esboça nessa reflexão acerca da categoria trabalho. Portanto, trata-se do esforço de demonstrar como a teoria da história fora fundamental para a síntese construída por Marx ao  compreender o homem como totalidade histórica, o processo produtivo como motor da vida coletiva, o modo de produção capitalista como a contradição em processo e a práxis como o fundante do materialismo dialético (teoria da sociedade). Nesse sentido busca-se no itinerário da dialética materialista elementos que permitam entender como Marx arranca da realidade a categoria trabalho.        
LUTA PELA TERRA e EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO
Authors: Bogo Ademar
Published: April 2017

Nesta entrevista, Ademar Bogo ressalta a importância da temática luta pela terra e educação e analisa o contexto social e político em geral e do MST de forma crítica, sensata e reflete a preocupação de quem anseia por um avanço do movimento social em direção a transição socialista.
 
Birkeland current boundary flows
Authors: Archer W. E. , Knudsen D. J. , Burchill J. K. , Jackel B. , Donovan E. , Connors M. , Juusola L.
Published: April 2017

Intense zonal ion velocity jets in the northern nightside auroral zone are measured during quiet geomagnetic conditions by the Swarm satellites around 500 km altitude. These velocity jets, exceeding 1 km/s in over 50% of orbits measured, range from 20 to 100 km in meridional thickness and reach a maximum at the boundary between upward and downward field‐aligned current. On average they represent a potential difference of approximately 3 kV between the R1/R2 currents. This boundary also separates different regions of electron temperature and meridional flow and is associated with ion upflows and anisotropic heating. Both dawnward and duskward velocity jets are observed, including some oppositely directed pairs bounding regions of upward field‐aligned current. Coincident ground‐based observations place ion velocity jets adjacent to auroral arcs, embedded in the auroral electrojets. Previous literature has focused on fast flows occurring in regions of relative low conductivity surrounding auroral arcs, typically during geomagnetically active conditions, and does not address the occurrence frequency of these events. We show ion velocity jets to be a persistent and ubiquitous property of the electrodynamics of quiet time R1/R2 current closure near midnight in the winter hemisphere.
Gas transfer velocities in small forested ponds
Authors: Holgerson Meredith A. , Farr Emily R. , Raymond Peter A.
Published: April 2017

Inland waters actively exchange gases with the atmosphere, and the gas exchange rate informs system biogeochemistry, ecology, and global carbon budgets. Gas exchange in medium‐ to large‐sized lakes is largely regulated by wind; yet less is known about processes regulating gas transfer in small ponds where wind speeds are low. In this study, we determined the gas transfer velocity, k600, in four small (<250 m2) ponds by using a propane (C3H8) gas injection. When estimated across 12 h periods, the average k600 ranged from 0.19 to 0.72 m d−1 across the ponds. We also estimated k600 at 2 to 3 h intervals during the day and evaluated the relationship with environmental conditions. The average daytime k600 ranged from 0.33 to 1.83 m d−1 across the ponds and was best predicted by wind speed and air or air‐water temperature; however, the explanatory power was weak (R2 < 0.27) with high variability within and among ponds. To compare our results to larger water bodies, we compiled direct measurements of k600 from 67 ponds and lakes worldwide. Our k600 estimates were within the range of estimates for other small ponds, and variability in k600 increased with lake size. However, the majority of studies were conducted on medium‐sized lakes (0.01 to 1 km2), leaving small ponds and large lakes understudied. Overall, this study adds four small ponds to the existing body of research on gas transfer velocities from inland waters and highlights uncertainty in k600, with implications for calculating metabolism and carbon emissions in inland waters.
Little impact of the Three Gorges Dam on recent decadal lake decline across China's Yangtze Plain
Authors: Wang Jida , Sheng Yongwei , Wada Yoshihide
Published: April 2017

The ubiquitous lakes across China's Yangtze Plain (YP) are indispensable freshwater resources sustaining ecosystems and socioeconomics for nearly half a billion people. Our recent survey revealed a widespread net decline in the total YP lake inundation area during 2000–2011 (a cumulative decrease of ∼10%), yet its mechanism remained contentious. Here we uncover the impacts of climate variability and anthropogenic activities including (i) Yangtze flow and sediment alterations by the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) and (ii) human water consumption in agricultural, industrial, and domestic sectors throughout the downstream Yangtze Basin. Results suggest that climate variability is the dominant driver of this decadal lake decline, whereas studied human activities, despite varying seasonal impacts that peak in fall, contribute marginal fraction (∼10–20% or less) to the interannual lake area decrease. Given that the TGD impacts on the total YP lake area and its seasonal variation are both under ∼5%, we also dismiss the speculation that the TGD might be responsible for evident downstream climate change by altering lake surface extent and thus open water evaporation. Nevertheless, anthropogenic impacts exhibited a strengthening trend during the past decade. Although the TGD has reached its full‐capacity water regulation, the negative impacts of human water consumption and TGD‐induced net channel erosion, which are already comparable to that of TGD's flow regulation, may continue to grow as crucial anthropogenic factors to future YP lake conservation.
A shallow water table fluctuation model in response to precipitation with consideration of unsaturated gravitational flow
Authors: Jeong Jina , Park Eungyu
Published: April 2017

A precise estimation of groundwater fluctuation is studied by considering delayed recharge flux (DRF) and unsaturated zone drainage (UZD). Both DRF and UZD are due to gravitational flow impeded in the unsaturated zone, which may nonnegligibly affect groundwater level changes. In the validation, a previous model without the consideration of unsaturated flow is benchmarked. The model is calibrated using multiyear groundwater data, and consistent model parameter statistics are obtained and validated. The estimation capability of the new model is superior to the benchmarked model as indicated by the significantly improved representation of groundwater level with physically interpretable model parameters.
Application of Dehydroabietic Acid in Palladium‐Catalysed Enyne Cycloisomerisation
Authors: Wu Na , Li Ruikun , Cui Feihu , Pan Yingming
Published: April 2017

Dehydroabietic acid (DAA) promotes palladium(0)‐catalysed cyclisations of arene‐tethered 1,7‐enynols and 1,m‐enynoates (m=6,7) to give fused carbocyclic dienes. 6,6,6,5‐Tetracyclic lactones are accessible by one‐pot cycloisomerisation/Diels–Alder reaction/lactonisation from 1,7‐enynols. Furthermore, asymmetric counteranion‐directed catalysis has been developed, which afforded an indene derivative with an all‐carbon quaternary stereogenic center.

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Superabsorbent nanocomposite based on maize bran with integration of water‐retaining and slow‐release NPK fertilizer
Authors: Olad Ali , Gharekhani Hamed , Mirmohseni Abdolreza , Bybordi Ahmad
Published: April 2017

A novel fertilizer‐integrated superabsorbent nanocomposite based on maize bran (MB), acrylic acid (AA), and acrylamide (AAm) was synthesized in an aqueous solution containing montmorillonite (MMT) and NPK fertilizer compound. FTIR spectra indicated that hydroxyl group of the starch molecules in MB composition has participated in grafting reaction with acrylate‐based monomers. The swelling behavior of the synthesized hydrogels in different salt and pH solutions was evaluated. Also, the N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and MMT contents were systematically optimized to obtain a highest swelling capacity. Fertilizer release assessments on the NPK‐loaded superabsorbent nanocomposite confirmed the effective role of MMT nanolayers in slow‐release property of the prepared formulation. Also, the prepared fertilizer formulation exhibited good water retention capacity in soil. As a result, this eco‐friendly and economical product can effectively reduce fertilizer loss, improve water utilization efficiency, and prolong irrigation cycles which are benefit for agricultural applications, especially in drought‐prone environments.
Super‐Clear Nanopaper from Agro‐Industrial Waste for Green Electronics
Authors: Tao Jinsong , Fang Zhiqiang , Zhang Qing , Bao Wenzhong , Zhu Mingwei , Yao Yonggang , Wang Yanbin , Dai Jiaqi , Zhang Ariel , Leng Caroline , Henderson Doug , Wang Zhengyang , Hu Liangbing
Published: April 2017

Due to high volumes of production from the consumer electronics industry, it is highly desirable to develop green electronics comprised of biodegradable components derived from cheap resources or even agro‐industrial wastes. In this work, a facile and benign production route is proposed to transform the agro‐industrial waste sugarcane bagasse into value‐added super‐clear nanopaper for flexible and transparent electronics. High‐value cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are isolated from abundant and inexpensive sugarcane bagasse by a one‐step 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl treatment, and the obtained CNCs are then used to fabricate a super‐clear nanopaper substrate for next‐generation flexible electronics. The super‐clear nanopaper exhibits superior optical properties (91% transmittance and 1.4% transmission haze at 600 nm), excellent nanometer‐scale surface roughness (3.08 nm), and good oxygen barrier properties (1.2 cm3 µm (m2 day kPa)−1 at 50% relative humidity). Moreover, proof‐of‐concept field‐effect transistors with an on/off ratio of >103 are demonstrated on this super‐clear nanopaper. The efficient and scalable production of value‐added CNCs from bagasse waste coupled with advanced applications of CNC‐based super‐clear nanopaper in electronic devices presents a solution for the conversion of agricultural wastes to value‐added electronic applications, which is beneficial for green electronics and recycling and ecoindustries.
IgM myeloma: A multicenter retrospective study of 134 patients
Authors: Castillo Jorge J. , Jurczyszyn Artur , Brozova Lucie , Crusoe Edvan , Czepiel Jacek , Davila Julio , Dispenzieri Angela , Eveillard Marion , Fiala Mark A. , Ghobrial Irene M. , Gozzetti Alessandro , Gustine Joshua N. , Hajek Roman , Hungria Vania , Jarkovsky Jiri , Jayabalan David , Laubach Jacob P. , Lewicka Barbara , Maisnar Vladimir , Manasanch Elisabet E. , Moreau Philippe , Morgan Elizabeth A. , Nahi Hareth , Niesvizky Ruben , Paba‐Prada Claudia , Pika Tomas , Pour Ludek , Reagan John L. , Richardson Paul G. , Shah Jatin , Spicka Ivan , Vij Ravi , Waszczuk‐Gajda Anna , Gertz Morie A.
Published: April 2017

IgM myeloma is a rare hematologic malignancy for which the clinicopathological features and patient outcomes have not been extensively studied. We carried out a multicenter retrospective study in patients with diagnosis of IgM myeloma defined by >10% marrow involvement by monoclonal plasma cells, presence of an IgM monoclonal paraproteinemia of any size, and anemia, renal dysfunction, hypercalcemia, lytic lesions and/or t(11;14) identified by FISH. A total of 134 patients from 20 centers were included in this analysis. The median age at diagnosis was 65.5 years with a male predominance (68%). Anemia, renal dysfunction, elevated calcium and skeletal lytic lesions were found in 37, 43, 19, and 70%, respectively. The median serum IgM level was 2,895 mg dL−1 with 19% of patients presenting with levels >6,000 mg dL−1. International Staging System (ISS) stages 1, 2, and 3 were seen in 40 (33%), 54 (44%), and 29 (24%) of patients, respectively. The malignant cells expressed CD20 (58%) and cyclin D1 (67%), and t(11;14) was the most common cytogenetic finding (39%). The median overall survival (OS) was 61 months. Higher ISS score was associated with worse survival (P = 0.02). Patients with IgM myeloma present with similar characteristics and outcomes as patients with more common myeloma subtypes.
Endoscopic endonasal nasopharyngectomy: tensor veli palatine muscle as a landmark for the parapharyngeal internal carotid artery
Authors: Liu Chiung‐Lin , Hsu Ning‐I , Shen Ping‐Hung
Published: April 2017

Background

Endoscopic endonasal nasopharyngectomy(EEN) can be a promising option for select patients with recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma, but serious complications can occur in terms of parapharyngeal internal carotid artery (PPICA) injury. Several landmarks have been proposed for locating the PPICA. In this study, we investigated the spatial relationship between the tensor veli palatini (TVP) muscle and the PPICA in a cadaveric model.

Methods

Seven fresh cadaver heads were available for anatomic study. Eustachian tube and the levator veli palatine (LVP) muscle were partially sacrificed or truncated to maximize the surgical field, and the TVP muscle was carefully preserved. Complete dissection was defined as when the PPICA could be visualized. We then measured the distance between the posterior margin of the TVP muscle and PPICA (z‐axis), and the distance from the midline of the nasopharynx to the PPICA (x‐axis).

Results

Thirteen sides of the PPICA were successfully identified. The mean distance between the posterior margin of the TVP to the PPICA (z) was 20.3 mm (range, 12 to 28 mm), and the mean distance between the midline of the nasopharynx to the PPICA (x) was 19.6 mm (range, 15 to 24 mm).

Conclusion

The PPICA was located in the same sagittal plane as the TVP muscle during dissection posteriorly. The PPICA appeared to lie around 2 cm laterally from the midline at around 2 cm in depth from the posterior margin of the TVP muscle. However, the exact position of the PPICA should be assessed using preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and intraoperative image‐guided systems.
Nanomagnetically modified thioglycolic acid (γ‐Fe2O3@SiO2‐SCH2CO2H): Efficient and reusable green catalyst for the one‐pot domino synthesis of spiro[benzo[a]benzo[6,7]chromeno[2,3‐c]phenazine] and benzo[a]benzo[6,7]chromeno[2,3‐c]phenazines
Authors: Abbasi Pour Sajjad , Yazdani‐Elah‐Abadi Afshin , Afradi Mojgan
Published: April 2017

Superparamagnetic nanoparticles of modified thioglycolic acid (γ‐Fe2O3@SiO2‐SCH2CO2H) represent a new, efficient and green catalyst for the one‐pot synthesis of novel spiro[benzo[a]benzo[6,7]chromeno[2,3‐c]phenazine] derivatives via domino Knoevenagel–Michael–cyclization reaction of 2‐hydroxynaphthalene‐1,4‐dione, benzene‐1,2‐diamines, ninhydrin and isatin. This novel magnetic organocatalyst was easily isolated from the reaction mixture by magnetic decantation using an external magnet and reused at least six times without significant loss in its activity. The catalyst was fully characterized using various techniques. This procedure was also applied successfully for the synthesis of benzo[a]benzo[6,7]chromeno[2,3‐c]phenazines.
Thermal and mechanical behavior evaluation of dental composites filled with irradiated montmorillonite
Authors: Campos L. M. P. , Zaharescu T. , Boaro L. C. , Santos L. K. G. , Santos T. M. R. , Ferreira H. P. , Parra D. F.
Published: April 2017

The effects of pre‐irradiation treatment (dose ranged from 25 to 50 kGy) of MMT (Montmorillonite) nanoclay added as filler (50 wt %) in experimental dental composites was studied; composites containing similar amounts of non‐irradiated MMT were also tested. The thermal stability of the resulting material was tested by thermogravimetric analysis ranging from 50 to 800 °C. Elastic modulus and flexural strength were determined by the three point bending test (n = 10). Data for elastic modulus was analyzed using two way ANOVA/Tukey's test. Data for flexural strength was analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis/Tukey's test. For all tests, the global significance level was 5%. The modifications in elastic modulus and flexural strength with applied dose were characterized. X‐ray diffraction analysis allows the depicting of intercalation phenomenon between base‐polymer and nanophase. The polymeric system modified with MMT nanoparticles showed higher thermal stability by delaying the thermal degradation, compared to the control group, and the radiation dose influenced this thermal behavior directly. However, the applied dose was not sufficient to improve the mechanical properties significantly, which is related to the interaction between MMT and polymeric matrix. The pre‐irradiation treatment of MMT nanoclay phase was useful for attaining efficient interaction between the two constitutive phases of the polymeric systems based bis‐GMA/TEGDMA [bisphenol A bis(2‐hydroxy‐3‐methacryloxypropyl)ether/triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate], modified with MMT nanoparticles, because the polymer component was not affected. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45063.
2016 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism Criteria for Minimal, Moderate, and Major Clinical Response in Adult Dermatomyositis and Polymyositis: An International Myositis Assessment and Clinical Studies Group/Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation Collaborative Initiative
Authors: Aggarwal Rohit , Rider Lisa G. , Ruperto Nicolino , Bayat Nastaran , Erman Brian , Feldman Brian M. , Oddis Chester V. , Amato Anthony A. , Chinoy Hector , Cooper Robert G. , Dastmalchi Maryam , Fiorentino David , Isenberg David , Katz James D. , Mammen Andrew , de Visser Marianne , Ytterberg Steven R. , Lundberg Ingrid E. , Chung Lorinda , Danko Katalin , García‐De la Torre Ignacio , Song Yeong Wook , Villa Luca , Rinaldi Mariangela , Rockette Howard , Lachenbruch Peter A. , Miller Frederick W. , Vencovsky Jiri ,   for the International Myositis Assessment and Clinical Studies Group and the Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation
Published: April 2017

Objective

To develop response criteria for adult dermatomyositis (DM) and polymyositis (PM).

Methods

Expert surveys, logistic regression, and conjoint analysis were used to develop 287 definitions using core set measures. Myositis experts rated greater improvement among multiple pairwise scenarios in conjoint analysis surveys, where different levels of improvement in 2 core set measures were presented. The PAPRIKA (Potentially All Pairwise Rankings of All Possible Alternatives) method determined the relative weights of core set measures and conjoint analysis definitions. The performance characteristics of the definitions were evaluated on patient profiles using expert consensus (gold standard) and were validated using data from a clinical trial. The nominal group technique was used to reach consensus.

Results

Consensus was reached for a conjoint analysis–based continuous model using absolute percent change in core set measures (physician, patient, and extramuscular global activity, muscle strength, Health Assessment Questionnaire, and muscle enzyme levels). A total improvement score (range 0–100), determined by summing scores for each core set measure, was based on improvement in and relative weight of each core set measure. Thresholds for minimal, moderate, and major improvement were ≥20, ≥40, and ≥60 points in the total improvement score. The same criteria were chosen for juvenile DM, with different improvement thresholds. Sensitivity and specificity in DM/PM patient cohorts were 85% and 92%, 90% and 96%, and 92% and 98% for minimal, moderate, and major improvement, respectively. Definitions were validated in the clinical trial analysis for differentiating the physician rating of improvement (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

The response criteria for adult DM/PM consisted of the conjoint analysis model based on absolute percent change in 6 core set measures, with thresholds for minimal, moderate, and major improvement.
Priority service needs and receipt across the lifespan for individuals with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Lai Jonathan K. Y. , Weiss Jonathan A.
Published: April 2017

Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have a range of health, community, and social support needs across the lifespan that create age‐specific challenges in navigating service sectors. In this study, we set out to identify the priority needs of individuals with ASD across the lifespan, and the factors that predict receiving priority services. Participants included 3,317 individuals with ASD from a Canada‐wide online caregiver survey, stratified into five age groups (preschool, elementary school age, adolescence, emerging adulthood, adulthood). Priority receipt was calculated as a ratio of current services that corresponded to individualized priority need. Age‐stratified Poisson regression analyses were used to identify the sociodemographic, clinical and systemic predictors of priority receipt. Results indicate that the distribution of priority need varied by age, except for social skills programming, which was a high across all groups. The number of high and moderate priority needs diversified with age. Overall, 30% of individuals had none of their priority needs met and priority receipt decreased with age. Systemic factors were most consistently related to priority receipt across the lifespan. Understanding patterns and correlates of priority needs and use that currently exist in different age groups can inform policies to improve service access. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1436–1447. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST): Spanish adaptation and validation
Authors: Morales‐Hidalgo Paula , Roigé‐Castellví Joana , Vigil‐Colet Andreu , Canals Sans Josefa
Published: April 2017

The Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST; Scott, Baron‐Cohen, Bolton & Brayne, 2002) has proved to be a good test for screening autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and social communication problems. This study provides evidence on its psychometric properties, describe its validity for screening and provides data on its discriminative capabilities in a Spanish sample of 4–12 year‐old children from community and clinical settings (N = 1460 and 36, respectively). Factorial and convergent validity is also assessed. The full Spanish version with a cut‐off score of 15 presented a high sensitivity (83.9%) and specificity (92.5%), a positive predictive value (PPV) of .63 and an internal consistency (α) of .826. Some items showed low discriminating power and these results led us to propose a reduced version with 28 items and a cut‐off score of 13, which presented a high sensitivity (85.7%) and specificity (91.16%), a PPV of .61 and an α of .839. Correlations were high between the Spanish full and reduced versions of the CAST, and ADI‐R (Autism Diagnostic Interview Revised) and ADOS‐2 (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition). Like previous adaptation studies, a two‐factor structure was found. The data show that the CAST can be a valid and reliable questionnaire for ASD screening in Spanish clinical and community populations. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1491–1498. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Post surgery circulating free tumor DNA is a predictive biomarker for relapse of lung cancer
Authors: Hu Wenwei , Yang Yang , Zhang Longzhen , Yin Jianxin , Huang Jingwei , Huang Lei , Gu Hua , Jiang Gening , Fang Jianmin
Published: April 2017

Cancer cells release DNA fragments into plasma as circulating free DNA (cfDNA). However, quantitative measurement of tumor‐derived DNA in cfDNA remains challenge. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively assess tumor‐derived DNA in lung cancer patients. By optimizing competitive allele‐specific TaqMan PCR (CAST‐PCR), we assessed the copy number of mutated Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) alleles in the pre/post surgery plasma of 168 lung cancer patients. An absolute quantitative PCR method was developed to assess the number of total cfDNA. All mutations detected in tumors were also found in the plasma after surgery. At the time of 30 days after surgery, EGFR mutation of circulating cell‐free DNA was detected only in two patients who recurred in 4 months after surgery. Compared to that of normal control at 30 days after surgery, five patients who recurred in 4 months had significantly higher circulating cell‐free DNA (P < 0.001), whereas six patients who recurred after 4 months (P = 0.207) and five patients without recurrence (P = 0.901) demonstrated significantly lower circulating cell‐free DNA. Our findings suggest that cfDNA analysis in plasma is an alternative and supplement to tissue analysis and hold promise for clinical application. Stratification of patients according to cfDNA levels at 30 days after surgery might be helpful in selecting lung cancer patients for adjuvant therapy after surgery.
Nanomaterials in Electrochemiluminescence Sensors
Authors: Sun Jingwei , Sun Hao , Liang Ziqi
Published: April 2017

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a means of converting electrical energy into radiative energy. With combined advantages of chemiluminescence and electrochemical control, an interest in ECL has grown rapidly and is broadly applied in biological analysis. Recently, nanomaterials have been widely applied in the vast majority of ECL studies to remarkably amplify signals, owing to their excellent conductivity, large surface area, and sometimes catalytic activity. Herein, we present a Review article on novel nanomaterials in ECL sensors. We introduce the main types of nanomaterials and their physical, chemical, and biological properties along with applications in different ECL sensors with respect to the corresponding functions they serve. A major focus is placed upon numerous research strategies for addressing the signal amplification with nanomaterials in ECL. Lastly, a perspective on the challenges and opportunities of this emerging field is given.
d‐Cysteine Ligands Control Metal Geometries within De Novo Designed Three‐Stranded Coiled Coils
Authors: Ruckthong Leela , Peacock Anna F. A. , Pascoe Cherilyn E. , Hemmingsen Lars , Stuckey Jeanne A. , Pecoraro Vincent L.
Published: April 2017

Although metal ion binding to naturally occurring l‐amino acid proteins is well documented, understanding the impact of the opposite chirality (d‐)amino acids on the structure and stereochemistry of metals is in its infancy. We examine the effect of a d‐configuration cysteine within a designed l‐amino acid three‐stranded coiled coil in order to enforce a precise coordination number on a metal center. The d chirality does not alter the native fold, but the side‐chain re‐orientation modifies the sterics of the metal binding pocket. l‐Cys side chains within the coiled‐coil structure have previously been shown to rotate substantially from their preferred positions in the apo structure to create a binding site for a tetra‐coordinate metal ion. However, here we show by X‐ray crystallography that d‐Cys side chains are preorganized within a suitable geometry to bind such a ligand. This is confirmed by comparison of the structure of ZnIICl(CSL16DC)32− to the published structure of ZnII(H2O)(GRAND‐CSL12AL16LC)3−. Moreover, spectroscopic analysis indicates that the CdII geometry observed by using l‐Cys ligands (a mixture of three‐ and four‐coordinate CdII) is altered to a single four‐coordinate species when d‐Cys is present. This work opens a new avenue for the control of the metal site environment in man‐made proteins, by simply altering the binding ligand with its mirror‐imaged d configuration. Thus, the use of non‐coded amino acids in the coordination sphere of a metal promises to be a powerful tool for controlling the properties of future metalloproteins.
Molekülmodelle einfach selbst gebaut
Authors: Quadbeck‐Seeger H.‐J.
Published: April 2017

Ausgehend von der Frage, welche Möglichkeiten das Moletomics‐Konzept über die Organische Chemie hinaus noch bietet, führte der Weg zu Anorganischen Strukturen sowie zu einer neuen Methode, komplexe geometrische Körper herzustellen. Das Einschmelzen von Draht in Plastik‐Perlen führt zur festen Verbindung der Teile, die das Löten ersetzt und die Arbeit sehr erleichtert. Die neue Methode, beschichtete Gitterdrähte und die Kunststoff‐Röhrchen von Wattestäbchen zu nutzen, erweitert die Möglichkeiten nochmals enorm. Es sind keine besonderen Fertigkeiten oder Materialien notwendig. Zugleich bietet sich die Möglichkeit, maßstabsgetreue Molekülmodelle mit nahezu wissenschaftlicher Präzision zu erstellen.
Organic, Organometallic and Bioorganic Catalysts for Electrochemical Reduction of CO2
Authors: Apaydin Dogukan Hazar , Schlager Stefanie , Portenkirchner Engelbert , Sariciftci Niyazi Serdar
Published: April 2017

A broad review of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic approaches toward CO2 reduction using organic, organometallic, and bioorganic systems is provided. Electrochemical, bioelectrochemical and photoelectrochemical approaches are discussed in terms of their faradaic efficiencies, overpotentials and reaction mechanisms. Organometallic complexes as well as semiconductors and their homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic activities are compared to enzymes. In both cases, their immobilization on electrodes is discussed and compared to homogeneous catalysts in solution.
High‐Risk Screening for Fabry Disease: Analysis by Tandem Mass Spectrometry of Globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) in Urine Collected on Filter Paper
Authors: Auray‐Blais Christiane , Lavoie Pamela , Boutin Michel , Abaoui Mona
Published: April 2017

Fabry disease is a complex, panethnic lysosomal storage disorder. It is characterized by the accumulation of glycosphingolipids in tissues, organs, the vascular endothelium, and biological fluids. The reported incidence in different populations is quite variable, ranging from 1:1400 to 1:117,000. Its complexity lies in the marked genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity. Despite the fact that it is an X‐linked disease, more than 600 mutations affect both males and females. In fact, some females may be affected as severely as males. The purpose of this protocol is to focus on the high‐risk screening of patients who might have Fabry disease using a simple, rapid, non‐invasive high performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS/MS) method for urinary globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) analysis. Urine filter paper samples are easily collected at home by patients and sent by regular mail. This method has been successfully used for high‐risk screening of patients with ophthalmologic manifestations and in an on‐going study for high‐risk screening of Fabry disease in patients with chronic kidney diseases. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Benzothiadiazole‐Based Small‐Molecule Semiconductors for Organic Thin‐Film Transistors and Complementary‐like Inverters
Authors: Kim Hyekyoung , Reddy M. Rajeshkumar , Kim Hyungsug , Choi Donghee , Kim Choongik , Seo SungYong
Published: April 2017

New benzothiadiazole derivatives, 4,7‐bis(5‐phenylthiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (PT‐BTD) and 4,7‐bis[4‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)phenyl]benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (TP‐BTD), were synthesized and characterized as small‐molecule organic semiconductors for organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) and complementary inverters. The thermal, optical, and electrochemical properties of the new compounds were fully characterized. Vacuum‐deposition and solution‐shearing methods were used to fabricate thin films based on these compounds. Thin films based on PT‐BTD exhibited p‐channel characteristics with hole mobilities as high as 0.10 cm2 V−1 s−1 and current on/off ratios >107 for top‐contact/bottom‐gate OTFT devices. With an optimized blending ratio of PT‐BTD and the representative n‐channel semiconductor N,N′‐1H,1H‐perfluorobutyl dicyanoperylenediimide, bulk heterojunction ambipolar transistors were fabricated with balanced hole and electron mobilities of 0.10 and 0.07 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. Furthermore, a complementary‐like inverter was fabricated using ambipolar thin‐film transistors, which showed a high voltage gain of 84.
Facile Synthesis of Rod‐like Cu2−xSe and Insight into its Improved Lithium‐Storage Property
Authors: Li He , Jiang Jiali , Wang Feng , Huang Jianxing , Wang Yunhui , Zhang Yiyong , Zhao Jinbao
Published: April 2017

A rod‐like Cu2−xSe is synthesized by a facile water evaporation process. The electrochemical reaction mechanism is investigated by ex situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD). By adopting an ether‐based electrolyte instead of a carbonate‐based electrolyte, the electrochemical performance of Cu2−xSe electrodes improved significantly. The Cu2−xSe electrodes exhibit outstanding cycle performance: after 1000 cycles, 160 mA h g−1 can be maintained with a retention of 80.3 %. At current densities of 100, 200, 500, and 1000 mA g−1, the capacity of a Cu2−xSe/Li battery was 208, 202, 200, and 198 mA h g−1, respectively, showing excellent rate capability. The 4‐probe conductivity measurements along with electrochemical impendence spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) tests illustrate that the Cu2−xSe electrodes display high specific conductivity and impressive lithium–ion diffusion rate, which makes the Cu2−xSe a promising anode material for lithium–ion batteries.
A dissociation between renewal and contextual fear conditioning in juvenile rats
Authors: Park Chun Hui J. , Ganella Despina E. , Kim Jee Hyun
Published: April 2017

We investigated whether juvenile rats do not express renewal following extinction of conditioned fear due to their inability to form a long‐term contextual fear memory. In experiment 1, postnatal day (P) 18 and 25 rats received 3 white‐noise and footshock pairings, followed by 60 white‐noise alone presentations the next day. When tested in a different context to extinction, P25 rats displayed renewal whereas P18 rats did not. Experiments 2A and 2B surprisingly showed that P18 and P25 rats do not show differences in contextual and cued fear, regardless of the conditioning‐test intervals and the number of white‐noise‐footshock pairings received. Finally, we observed age differences in contextual fear when P25 rats were weaned at P21 in experiment 3. These results indicate that the developmental dissociation observed in renewal of extinguished fear is not related to the widely believed late emergence of contextual fear learning.
Understanding in vivo modelling of depression in non‐human animals: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Bannach‐Brown Alexandra , Liao Jing , Wegener Gregers , Macleod Malcolm
Published: April 2017

The aim of this study is to systematically collect all published preclinical non‐human animal literature on depression to provide an unbiased overview of existing knowledge. A systematic search will be carried out in PubMed and Embase. Studies will be included if they use non‐human animal experimental model(s) to induce or mimic a depressive‐like phenotype. Data that will be extracted include the model or method of induction; species and gender of the animals used; the behavioural, anatomical, electrophysiological, neurochemical or genetic outcome measure(s) used; risk of bias/quality of reporting; and any intervention(s) tested. There were no exclusion criteria based on language or date of publication. Automation techniques will be used, where appropriate, to reduce the human reviewer time. Meta‐analyses will be conducted if feasible. This broad systematic review aims to gain a better understanding of the strengths and limitations of current approaches, models and outcome measures used. This study aims to provide insights into factors affecting the efficiency of model induction and the efficacy of intervention. Here, we outline the protocol for a systematic review and possible meta‐analysis of the preclinical studies modelling depression‐like behaviours and phenotypes in animals.
A mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus responds better to soluble TACI than to soluble BAFFR, correlating with depletion of plasma cells
Authors: Haselmayer Philipp , Vigolo Michele , Nys Josquin , Schneider Pascal , Hess Henry
Published: April 2017

The TNF family cytokines B‐cell activating factor (BAFF) and a proliferation‐inducing ligand (APRIL) support plasma cell survival. It is known that inhibitors of BAFF only (BAFFR‐Fc) or BAFF and APRIL (TACI‐Fc) administered early enough in an NZB/NZW F1 mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) ameliorate clinical outcomes, pointing to a pathogenic role of BAFF. In the present study, TACI‐Fc administrated at a later stage of disease, after onset of autoimmunity, decreased the number of bone marrow plasma cells and slowed down further formation of autoantibodies. TACI‐Fc prevented renal damage during a 12‐week treatment period regardless of autoantibody levels, while BAFFR‐Fc did not despite a similar BAFF‐blocking activity in vivo. TACI‐Fc also decreased established plasma cells in a T‐dependent hapten/carrier immunization system better than single inhibitors of BAFF or APRIL, and sometimes better than combined single inhibitors with at least equivalent BAFF and APRIL inhibitory activities. These results indicate that TACI‐Fc can prevent symptoms of renal damage in a mouse model of SLE when BAFFR‐Fc cannot, and point to a plasticity of plasma cells for survival factors. Targeting plasma cells with TACI‐Fc might be beneficial to prevent autoantibody‐mediated damages in SLE.
Chemistry and Catalytic Performance of Pyridyl‐Benzimidazole Oxidomolybdenum(VI) Compounds in (Bio)Olefin Epoxidation
Authors: Neves Patrícia , Nogueira Lucie S. , Gomes Ana C. , Oliveira Tânia S. M. , Lopes André D. , Valente Anabela A. , Gonçalves Isabel S. , Pillinger Martyn
Published: April 2017

The chemistry and catalytic performance of the dichlorido complex [MoO2Cl2(pbim)] (1) [pbim = 2‐(2‐pyridyl)‐benzimidazole] in the epoxidation of olefins is reported. Complex 1 acts as a precatalyst and is more effective with tert‐butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) as the oxidant than with aq. hydrogen peroxide: the cis‐cyclooctene (Cy) reaction with TBHP gave 98 % epoxide yield at 70 °C/24 h. Catalyst characterization showed that 1 is transformed in situ to the oxidodiperoxido complex [MoO(O2)2(pbim)] (2), with H2O2 and a hybrid molybdenum(VI) oxide solid formulated as [MoO3(pbim)] (3) with TBHP. The hybrid material 3 was prepared on a larger scale and explored for the epoxidation of the biorenewable olefins methyl oleate, methyl linoleate, and (R)‐(+)‐limonene. With TBHP as the oxidant, 3 acts as a source of soluble active species of the type 2. A practical method for recycling oxidodiperoxidomolybdenum(VI) catalysts for the Cy/TBHP reaction is demonstrated by using an ionic liquid as the solvent for the molecular catalyst 2.
Preparation and Characterization of Graphene Oxide‐Grafted Hexadecanol Composite Phase‐Change Material for Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Wang Yi , Liu Zhou , Zhang Ting , Zhang Zhengfei
Published: April 2017

With the aim of improving the shape stability and recycling reliability of hexadecanol (HD), graphene oxide (GO)‐grafted hexadecanol (GO‐g‐HD) shape‐stabilized phase‐change material (SSPCM) with good thermochemical properties was prepared by oxidizing graphite powders to form GO, which was converted into the acyl chloride and finally condensed with HD. Various characterization techniques were employed to investigate the microstructure, thermal properties, thermal durability, and reliability of the composite. The results show that HD was embedded in the composite with a maximum mass fraction of 62.7 wt % through physical adsorption and covalent bonding. The grafted percentage and density of HD on ultrathin GO sheets are 36.5 wt % and 1.51 mmol g−1, respectively. The GO‐g‐HD SSPCM melts at 49.7 °C with a latent heat of 152.3 J g−1, and freezes at 45.4 °C with a phase‐change enthalpy of 129.9 J g−1. The thermal conductivity of GO‐g‐HD is measured as 0.519 W m−1 K−1, which is an improvement of 41.8 % compared with that of neat HD. Moreover, the as‐prepared composite also presents excellent chemical and thermal stability, excellent thermal durability, negligible variation in latent heats, and no changes in the phase‐change temperatures due to strong covalent bonds and interactions between the matrix and HD. Thus, GO‐g‐HD is a promising candidate for thermal energy storage in the future because of the very good latent heat, enhanced conductivity, and stability.
HSPA8 as a novel fusion partner of NR4A3 in extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma
Authors: Urbini Milena , Astolfi Annalisa , Pantaleo Maria Abbondanza , Serravalle Salvatore , Dei Tos Angelo Paolo , Picci Piero , Indio Valentina , Sbaraglia Marta , Benini Stefania , Righi Alberto , Gambarotti Marco , Gronchi Alessandro , Colombo Chiara , Dagrada Gian Paolo , Pilotti Silvana , Maestro Roberta , Polano Maurizio , Saponara Maristella , Tarantino Giuseppe , Pession Andrea , Biasco Guido , Casali Paolo Giovanni , Stacchiotti Silvia
Published: April 2017

Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC) is a very rare sarcoma most often arising in the soft tissue. Rare EMC of the bone have been reported. EMC exhibits distinctive clinico‐pathological and genetic features; however, despite the name, it lacks any feature of cartilaginous differentiation. EMC is characterized by the rearrangement of the NR4A3, which, in most cases (about 62‐75%), is fused with EWSR1 and less frequently with other partners, including TAF15 (27%), TCF12 (4%), TFG, and FUS. We herein report the identification by whole‐transcriptome sequencing of HSPA8 as a novel fusion partner of NR4A3 in a case of EMC. FISH analysis confirmed the presence of a genomic HSPA8‐NR4A3 translocation in the vast majority of tumor cells. Our findings expand the spectrum of NR4A3 fusion partners involved in EMC pathobiology.
MicroRNA therapy inhibits hepatoblastoma growth in vivo by targeting β‐catenin and Wnt signaling
Authors: Indersie Emilie , Lesjean Sarah , Hooks Katarzyna B. , Sagliocco Francis , Ernault Tony , Cairo Stefano , Merched‐Sauvage Maria , Rullier Anne , Le Bail Brigitte , Taque Sophie , Grotzer Michael , Branchereau Sophie , Guettier Catherine , Fabre Monique , Brugières Laurence , Hagedorn Martin , Buendia Marie‐Annick , Grosset Christophe F.
Published: April 2017

Hepatoblastoma (HBL) is the most common pediatric liver cancer. In this malignant neoplasm, beta‐catenin protein accumulates and increases Wnt signaling due to recurrent activating mutations in the catenin‐beta 1 (CTNNB1) gene. Therefore, beta‐catenin is a key therapeutic target in HBL. However, controlling beta‐catenin production with therapeutic molecules has been challenging. New biological studies could provide alternative therapeutic solutions for the treatment of HBL, especially for advanced tumors and metastatic disease. In this study, we identified microRNAs (miRNAs) that target beta‐catenin and block HBL cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Using our dual‐fluorescence‐FunREG system, we screened a library of 1,712 miRNA mimics and selected candidates inhibiting CTNNB1 expression through interaction with its untranslated regions. After validating the regulatory effect of nine miRNAs on beta‐catenin in HBL cells, we measured their expression in patient samples. Let‐7i‐3p, miR‐449b‐3p, miR‐624‐5p, and miR‐885‐5p were decreased in tumors compared to normal livers. Moreover, they inhibited HBL cell growth and Wnt signaling activity in vitro partly through beta‐catenin down‐regulation. Additionally, miR‐624‐5p induced cell senescence in vitro, blocked experimental HBL growth in vivo, and directly targeted the beta‐catenin 3′‐untranslated region. Conclusion: Our results shed light on how beta‐catenin‐regulating miRNAs control HBL progression through Wnt signaling inactivation. In particular, miR‐624‐5p may constitute a promising candidate for miRNA replacement therapy for HBL patients. (Hepatology Communications 2017;1:168‐183)
Numerical study of convective heat transfer in T‐bifurcating channel
Authors: Lakehal A. , Nait Bouda N. , Harmand S.
Published: April 2017

A numerical study of a three‐dimensional turbulent flow in a rectangular T‐bifurcating duct was performed. It focused on the analysis of heat transfer in the branching duct at 90 to the main flow. Including separation and reattachment phenomena, the flow seemed to be anisotropic. The closure system of the full set of Navier–Stokes equations governing the flow was based on the on one point statistical modeling using a low Reynolds number second‐order full stress transport model. For several aspect ratios, results show that in addition to the recirculation zone in the branching duct close to the upstream side; pairs of streamwise vortices were generated downstream of the junction zone with their centers moving towards the symmetry plane. The effect of the aspect ratio of the branching section in enhancing this phenomenon and flow rate effect on the heat transfer were particularly analyzed in this paper.
Study of three‐dimensional natural convection and entropy generation in an inclined solar collector equipped with partitions
Authors: Yejjer Olfa , Kolsi Lioua , Aich Walid , Al‐Rashed Abdullah A.A.A. , Borjini Mohamed Naceur , Ben Aissia Habib
Published: April 2017

Three‐dimensional natural convection in an inclined solar collector equipped with partitions has been investigated numerically. The presence of partitions improves the performances of the collector by increasing the heat transfer near the absorber. A parametric study was done for various partitions length and Rayleigh numbers, while Prandtl number and inclination angle were fixed at 0.71 and 45°, respectively. Results are reported in terms of isosurfaces of temperature, isotherms, particles trajectories, velocity vector projection, average Nusselt number along the absorber plate and entropies generation contours.
UTILIZING MBSE PATTERNS TO ACCELERATE SYSTEM VERIFICATION
Authors: Cook David , Schindel William D.
Published: April 2017

In aerospace, automotive, healthcare, and other domains, the capability to effectively plan and perform system verification tests is increasingly a strategic differentiator. This paper reports on methods used to improve effectiveness of complex aircraft system tests, the gains achieved, and their connection to underlying methods and trends. These include use of model‐based systems engineering (MBSE), leveraged by pattern‐based systems engineering (PBSE) to generate configurable, reusable system models — the focus of the INCOSE MBSE Patterns Challenge Team (Patterns Challenge Team 2013‐2015). Distinctive aspects include (1) use of configurable, model‐based patterns of system descriptions, including configurable system verification tests, (2) improved ability of model‐based descriptions to integrate modeling tools and automated systems for test management, (3) use of models to describe both the system under development and the development process, and (4) ability of these models to be integrated with other system lifecycle management processes and information systems, for increased leverage.