bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computer Security of NPP Instrumentation and Control Systems: Computer Security Justification Documents
Authors: Symonov A. , Klevtsov O. , Trubchaninov S. , Lazurenko O.
Published: December 2019

The approaches to the development and management of computer security justification documents on computer security policy, program and plan, computer incident response plan, reports related to computer security are considered in the paper. Requirements for computer security policy, program and plan are presented, and the analysis of different approaches adopted and reflected in the documents of the International Atomic Energy Agency, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and International Electrotechnical Commission is carried out. It is noted that the approaches used by these organizations to the development and management of computer security justification documents are quite similar.
The paper provides suggestions for the development of requirements for computer security justification documents on the instrumentation and control systems at Ukrainian NPPs.
The analysis of different international approaches to the development, implementation, and management of the computer security policy, program and plan has allowed developing requirements for the above-mentioned documents, which will be reflected in the new regulation taking into account the current situation at Ukrainian NPPs. Besides, it is planned to include separate requirements for computer security documentation of the developers of instrumentation and control systems regarding computer incident response plan and reporting documents on computer security in this regulation. The paper presents recommendations for the content, implementation and management of computer security justification documents.
Approaches to Safety Justification for Loading of VSC-VVER Containers in ZNPP DSFSF
Authors: Kostiushko Ya. , Dudka O. , Kovbasenko Yu. , Shepitchak A.
Published: December 2019

The introduction of new fuel for nuclear power plants in Ukraine is related to obtaining a relevant license from the regulatory authority for nuclear and radiation safety of Ukraine. The same approach is used for spent nuclear fuel (SNF) management system. The dry spent fuel storage facility (DSFSF) is the first nuclear facility created for intermediate dry storage of SNF in Ukraine. According to the design based on dry ventilated container storage technology by Sierra Nuclear Corporation and Duke Engineering and Services, ventilated storage containers (VSC-VVER) filled with SNF of VVER-1000 are used, which are located on a special open concrete site. Containers VSC-VVER are modernized VSC-24 containers customized for hexagonal VVER-1000 spent fuel assemblies.

The storage safety assessment methodology was created and improved directly during the licensing process. In addition, in accordance with the Energy Strategy of Ukraine up to 2035, one of the key task is the further diversification of nuclear fuel suppliers. Within the framework of the Executive Agreement between the Government of Ukraine and the U.S. Government, activities have been underway since 2000 on the introduction of Westinghouse fuel. The purpose of this project is to develop, supply and qualify alternative nuclear fuel compatible with fuel produced in Russia for Ukrainian NPPs. In addition, a supplementary approach to safety analysis report is being developed to justify feasibility of loading new fuel into the DSFSF containers. The stated results should demonstrate the fulfillment of design criteria under normal operating conditions, abnormal conditions and design-basis accidents of DSFSF components.  Thus, the paper highlights both the main problems of DSFSF licensing and obtaining permission for placing new fuel types in DSFSF.
Exergy and sensibility analysis of each individual effect in a kraft multiple effect evaporator
Authors: MOREIRA JÉSSICA , OLIVEIRA CAMPOS BRUNO LACERDA DE , DA COSTA JUNIOR ESLY FERREIRA , SOUZA DA COSTA ANDRÉA OLIVEIRA
Published: December 2019

The multiple effect evaporator (MEE) is an energy intensive step in the kraft pulping process. The exergetic analysis can be useful for locating irreversibilities in the process and pointing out which equipment is less efficient, and it could also be the object of optimization studies. In the present work, each evaporator of a real kraft system has been individually described using mass balance and thermodynamics principles (the first and the second laws). Real data from a kraft MEE were collected from a Brazilian plant and were used for the estimation of heat transfer coefficients in a nonlinear optimization problem, as well as for the validation of the model. An exergetic analysis was made for each effect individually, which resulted in effects 1A and 1B being the least efficient, and therefore having the greatest potential for improvement. A sensibility analysis was also performed, showing that steam temperature and liquor input flow rate are sensible parameters.
Rheological characterization of tack and viscoelasticity of compositions of crepe coating used in the Yankee dryer
Authors: OMAMBALA JOSHUA , MCINTYRE CARL
Published: December 2019

The vast majority of tissue production uses creping to achieve the required set of properties on the base sheet. The Yankee coating helps to develop the desired crepe that in turn determines properties such as bulk and softness. The adhesion of the sheet to the Yankee surface is a very important characteristic to consider in achieving the desired crepe. The coating mix usually consists of the adhesive, modifier, and release. A good combination of these components is essential to achieving the desired properties of the tissue or towel, which often are determined by trials on the machine that can be time consuming and lead to costly rejects. In this paper, five compositions of an industrial Yankee coating adhesive, modifier, and release were examined rheologically. The weight ratio of the adhesive was kept constant at 30% in all five compositions and the modifier and release ratios were varied. The normal force and work done by the different compositions have been shown at various temperatures simulating that of the Yankee surface, and the oscillatory test was carried out to explain the linear and nonlinear viscoelastic characteristic of the optimal coating composition.
Z-direction fiber orientation in paperboard
Authors: CONSIDINE JOHN M. , VAHEY DAVID W. , GLEISNER ROLAND , RUDIE ALAN , DU ROSCOAT SABINE ROLLAND , BLOCH JEAN-FRANCIS
Published: December 2019

This work evaluated the use of conventional tests to show beneficial attributes of z-direction fiber orientation (ZDFO) for structural paperboards. A survey of commercial linerboards indicated the presence of ZDFO in one material that had higher Taber stiffness, out-of-plane shear strength, directional dependence of Scott internal bond strength and directional brightness. Laboratory handsheets were made with a specialized procedure to produce ZDFO. Handsheets with ZDFO had higher out-of-plane shear strength than handsheets formed conventionally. Materials with high out-of-plane shear strength had greater bending stiffness and compressive strength because of their ability to resist shear deformations.
Influence of oxidation and cationization on the properties of thermomechanical pulp fibers
Authors: MA PU , ZHAI HUAMIN , LAW KWEI-NAM , DANEAULT CLAUDE
Published: December 2019

Thermomechanical pulp (TMP) fibers were separately oxidized using 4-acetamido-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl-1-oxyl (4-acetamido TEMPO) and cationized by 2,3-epoxy-propyl-tri-methyl ammonium chloride. The goal was to evaluate the influences of the interaction of oxidized, cationized, and untreated fiber components on paper properties. TEMPO-mediated oxidation can enhance interfiber bonding potential of mechanical long fibers. Cationization can improve the interfiber bonding only when the cationic charge density is lower than 400 mmol/kg; the bonding capacity drops off with increasing cationic charge density. However, as these modified long fibers were mixed with untreated long fibers and short fibers, the interaction between these fibers affected the paper sheet strength. The addition of oxidized fibers improved the sheet density remarkably, but it only had apparent effort on tensile strength when the carboxyl group content was less than 500 mmol/kg; higher carboxyl content did not enhance the sheet properties. The addition of cationized fibers had no positive effort on sheet density, and when they were mixed with other fiber fractions the interaction between positively charged and negatively charged fibers resulted in poor paper structure with rough surface and decreased tensile strength. Both oxidation and cationization had adverse influence on intrinsic fiber strength and tear index; either high carboxyl content or high cationic charge density could lead to remarkable decrease in these two properties. The side reactions, such as β-elimination and alkoxy fragmentation during TEMPO-mediated oxidation and alkaline degradation during cationization, which degraded the cellulose, were responsible for the drastic decrease in zero span tensile strength and tear strength.
Use of confocal laser scanning microscopy and a computer model to understand ink cavitation and filamentation
Authors: KOIVULA HANNA , BOUSFIELD DOUGLAS , TOIVAKKA MARTTI
Published: December 2019

In the offset printing process, ink film splitting has an important impact on formation of ink filaments. The filament size and its distribution influence the leveling of ink and hence affect ink setting and the print quality. However, ink filaments are difficult to image due to their short lifetime and fine length scale. Due to this difficulty, limited work has been reported on the parameters that influence filament size and methods to characterize it. We imaged ink filament remains and quantified some of their characteristics by changing printing speed, ink amount, and fountain solution type. Printed samples were prepared using a laboratory printability tester with varying ink levels and operating settings. Rhodamine B dye was incorporated into fountain solutions to aid in the detection of the filaments. The prints were then imaged with a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and images were further analyzed for their surface topography. Modeling of the pressure pulses in the printing nip was included to better understand the mechanism of filament formation and the origin of filament length scale. Printing speed and ink amount changed the size distribution of the observed filament remains. There was no significant difference between fountain solutions with or without isopropyl alcohol on the observed patterns of the filament remains.
Optimization of elemental chlorine-free bleaching for a softwood kraft pulp – part 1: impact of oxidative extraction on chlorine dioxide stoichiometry
Authors: BROGDON BRIAN N.
Published: December 2019

The present investigation meticulously analyzes how oxidative alkaline extraction can be augmented through process changes, and how these augmentations can be leveraged to optimize chlorine dioxide usage with elemental chlorine-free (ECF) sequences for a conventional softwood kraft pulp. Bleaching data from Basta and co-workers (1992 TAPPI Pulping Conference) are re-examined and re-interpreted in this study. We determined that ~60% to 65% of the overall ClO2 charge should be applied in the D0-stage. Peroxide addition to an (EOP) can replace 0.6 to 2.5 Kg. ClO2 per Kg H2O2. Boosting the (EO) temperature to 80°C is equivalent to a 70°C (EOP) with 0.25% to 0.30% H2O2,whereas a 90°C (EO) is equivalent to 0.50% – 0.75% H2O2 in a 70°C (EOP). The stoichiometric bleaching data from this study can guide decision-making for lowering chemical usage and minimize costs to reach target brightness levels with three- and five-stage sequences.
Presentation
Authors: Dutra e Silva Sandro
Published: December 2019

Presentation
Para plantar e colher arroz é preciso redesenhar a paisagem: narrativas de imigrantes europeus sobre o cultivo do arroz na Colônia Dona Francisca (século XIX)
Authors: Duarte Alanna Fernandes , Carelli Mariluci Neis , Meira Roberta Barros
Published: December 2019

O artigo analisa discursos e experiências acerca do cultivo de arroz na paisagem da Colônia Dona Francisca (atual cidade de Joinville, Santa Catarina). Essa paisagem florestal foi profundamente alterada pela imigração europeia e pelo fortalecimento de atividades da agricultura e do comércio na Colônia Dona Francisca do fim do século XIX. Narrativas sobre plantio do arroz foram descritas por imigrantes europeus por meio de cartas e jornais publicados nesse período. Com base no conhecimento de algumas dessas fontes, este texto propõe-se a discutir práticas de cultivo do arroz e suas correlações com o processo de formação de sistemas agroecológicos na paisagem da Colônia Dona Francisca.
Derrubar ou conservar as matas reais: o debate sobre as políticas florestais na Capitania do Ceará (1797-1806)
Authors: Cavalcante Diego Estevam
Published: December 2019

Em fins do século XVIII e início do XIX, o governo português passou a implementar uma série de medidas na forma de legislação que, em termos práticos, buscava coibir a derrubada contínua de árvores executada por lavradores desejosos de espaços voltados para a agricultura. Tais iniciativas tinham o objetivo de preservar certas qualidades de plantas potencialmente úteis para a marinha (naval e mercante) e construção civil. A princípio, as primeiras regras adotadas atingiam somente algumas capitanias, como Bahia, Ilhéus e Rio de Janeiro, quando, por fim, a coroa resolve estender as ordens para todas as demais. Esse conjunto legislativo, conhecido como Regimento da Conservatoria das Reaes Matas, foi um dispositivo legal usado pelo governo para dar conta de seus anseios. É sobre esse fenômeno ocorrido na passagem dos séculos supracitados que nos deteremos nas próximas páginas, apresentando as formas e consequências que essas leis tiveram na Capitania do Ceará.
Da Serra dos Cavalos ao Vale do Ipojuca (Caruaru/PE): águas e história ambiental no semiárido brasileiro
Authors: Pinheiro João Domingos
Published: December 2019

Os núcleos urbanos no semiárido brasileiro apresentam memórias, trajetórias, histórias da dramaticidade dos desafios de abastecimento de água. No agreste de Pernambuco, região de maior déficit de balanço hídrico do estado, encontra-se a sedenta cidade de Caruaru, que, no período de um século (1916-1983), vivenciou os percalços da hidratação dos projetos de expansão, inicialmente a partir do curso natural do rio Ipojuca como fonte primeira, posteriormente nos elevados das fontes na Serra dos Cavalos. As disputas com distintas concepções de soluções e os conflitos entre os diferentes usos deixaram as marcas no caminho, nas relações dos diferentes sujeitos com as águas. O artigo elaborou-se com base em registros documentais normativos da municipalidade, textos jornalísticos, de escritores locais e em diálogos com relatos de memórias de moradores por meio de entrevistas em uma abordagem na perspectiva da História Ambiental.
Pengaruh Profitabilitas dan Kebijakan Dividen Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Dengan Struktur Modal Sebagai Variabel Mediasi
Authors: Muslichah Muslichah , Hauteas Oniber subana
Published: December 2019

This study aims to analyze the direct and indirect effect of profitability and dividend policy on the value of the company. Objects in this research are companies incorporated in LQ 45 in the period of 2015-2017. Samples are taken using purposive sampling method. Data of this study was analyzed using path analysis. The results of the study show four important findings: (1) the effect of profitability on firm value is positive and significant, (2) the direct effect of dividend policy on firm value is not significant, (3) the effect of profitability and dividend policy on capital structure is positive and significant (4) capital structure mediates the effect of profitability and dividend policy on firm value
Analisis Pengaruh Kepemilikan Institusional Dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Cash Holding Dengan Ukuran Perusahaan Sebagai Variabel Moderasi Pada Perusahaan Terindeks Lq45 Di Bursa Efek Indonesia
Authors: Ridha Ainul , Wahyuni Dhian , Sari Dewi Maya Sari
Published: December 2019

This research is aimed to test the effect of institutional ownership and profitability on cash holding with a firm size as moderate variable in LQ45 indexed companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2015 to 2017. Technique of sampling is applied with purposive sampling with 210 observations. The research is analyzed by using regression analysis or Moderate Regression Analysis (MRA). The results show that  institutional ownership, profitability and firm size has effect on cash holding. The interaction test results indicate that firm size strengthen the effect of relationship between institutional ownership and cash holding and firm size strengthen the effect of relationship between profitability and cash holding.
The Effect of the Wood Defects on Fire Resistance
Authors: Cimer Zsolt , Czoboly Olivér , Harmann Béla , Lublóy Éva
Published: December 2019

In the case of charcoal speeds, the defects of the wood and the effect of the metal fixing elements are not taken into account. The aim of our research was to analyze and investigate the effect of wood defects and fasteners on fire resistance. During the experiments we investigated the effect of the defects in the wood and the effect of the metal fasteners on the fire resistance. In the first part of the experiments we examined the effect of wooden defects (knots, thread direction, cracks, insect repellent) on fire resistance. We assumed that the higher hardness or density of the knots and the different fiber direction would facilitate the burning of the wood in the vicinity of the knot. In our experiments, we also examined the effects of cracks and insect pests. The second part of our experiment was to test the switching elements under the effect of heat load.res.
Tourism and Residents’ Quality of Life: A Critical Examination
Authors: Matatolu Ilisapeci
Published: December 2019

This academic paper aims at increasing awareness and understanding of extant knowledge relating to empirical research undertaken on how residents’ quality of life (QOL) is impacted by tourism activities. The paper will deliberate related definitions, critically examine selected theoretical frameworks and main themes of extant empirical research in relation to tourism and residents’ QOL, with a focus on Pacific context. Strengths and weaknesses of selected theoretical frameworks discussed include social exchange theory, social representations theory and bottom up spillover theory. It also scrutinizes concepts related to how the actions of tourists and the activities of tourism businesses affect indigenous host communities in relation to impacts on residents’ QOL. It concludes with an overview of current limitations and future research opportunities encompassing tourism activities and residents’ QOL scholarship. Future research opportunities highlighted include an expansion of ontological and epistemological issues in relation to research related to resident atitudes to tourism and quality of life in indigenous communities.
Tuotemaailman umpikujasta luovuttamisen etiikkaan
Authors: Jokisaari Olli-Jukka , Pulkki Jani
Published: December 2019

Hahmottelemme nykyiselle ekologisesti ja sosiaalisesti kestämättömälle tuotemaailmalle vaihtoehtoista ontologiaa ja etiikkaa. Kutsumme sitä ’luovuttamisen etiikaksi’, jonka lähtökohtana on tunnustaa tosiasiaksi yksittäisten olentojen olemassaolon täydellinen riippuvaisuus luovuttamisen prosesseista. Analysoimme kilpailuyhteiskunnan tuottavan aggressiivista tahtoa, joka johtaa jatkuvaan kamppailuun oletetusta tunnustamisen niukkuudesta. Liitämme kilpailuyhteiskunnan tuotemaailmaan, jonka ontologian ja tieto-opin analysoimme sidoksellisen ja yhteistoiminnallisen luovuttamisen ajatuksesta käsin todellisuutta vääristäväksi. Osoitamme luovuttamisen etiikan yhteyttä hyveelliseen toimintaan. Tavoitteemme on luoda ajattelua, joka nykyistä paremmin huomioi ihmisen sidoksellisuuden ympäröivään todellisuuteen. Samalla kasvatuksen näkökulma laajenee yksilötason kykyjen kouluttamisesta maailmallisuuden ymmärtämiseen.
”Työelämän monimuotoistuminen korostaa elinikäistä oppimista”
Authors: Laakkonen Erja
Published: December 2019

Tamperelaistutkija Laura Pylväs selvittää,  miten asiantuntijuus kehittyy työyhteisössä.
Pitkä tie yliopistoon
Authors: Nori Hanna , Vanttaja Markku
Published: December 2019

Tarkastelemme artikkelissa yliopistossa aikuisina opiskelevien, niin sanotun toisen mahdollisuuden käyttäjien profiilia ja koulutuspolkuja. Kysymme, miten he poikkeavat muista opiskelijoista ja mikä on saanut heidät hakeutumaan yliopisto-opintoihin keskimääräistä vanhempina. Tutkimuskysymyksiin vastaamme kahden toisiaan täydentävän aineiston avulla. Tilastokeskuksen kokoama henkilörekisteripohjainen tilastoaineisto käsittää 50 prosentin satunnaisotoksen (N = 23 826) Suomessa vuonna 2014 maisterintutkintoa suorittaneista opiskelijoista. Klusterianalyysissä aineistosta erottui neljä erilaista opiskelijaryhmää, joista yhden nimesimme ”toisen mahdollisuuden käyttäjiksi”: ryhmään kuuluvat olivat jo aiemmin tutkinnon suorittaneita ja työelämässä olleita, selvästi aikuisiällä yliopisto-opintonsa aloittaneita. Toisena aineistona käytämme Turun yliopistossa vuosina 2011–2015 aikuiskasvatustiedettä pää- tai sivuaineenaan opiskelleiden aikuisten (N = 42) kirjoittamia koulutuselämäkertoja. Tarkempaan analyysiin valitsimme neljä tarinaa, joissa kirjoittajat kuvailevat, miten he olivat päätyneet yliopisto-opiskelijoiksi. Koulutuselämäkertojen perusteella aikuisena yliopistoon hakeutumisen tyypillisiä syitä olivat halu edetä uralla, entiseen ammattiin kyllästyminen ja alan vaihtaminen, opiskelumotivaation löytyminen vasta myöhemmällä iällä sekä uusien haasteiden etsiminen. Opiskelemaan lähtö saattoi toimia myös pakoreittinä pois hankalasta elämäntilanteesta.
Päätoimittajat paneelissa
Authors: Kouvo Terhi , Silvennoinen Heikki , Isopahkala-Bouret Ulpukka
Published: December 2019

Kriittisyys, tieteellisyys ja uteliaisuus ovat arvoja, joihin Aikuiskasvatuksen nykyinen ja tuleva päätoimittaja nojaavat.
Smarandache Curves According to Sabban Frame of the anti-Salkowski Indicatrix Curve
Authors: ŞENYURT Süleyman , ÖZTÜRK Burak
Published: December 2019

The aim of this paper is to define Smarandache curves according to the Sabban frame belonging to the spherical indicatrix curve of the anti-Salkowski curve. We also illustrate these curves with the Maple program and calculate the geodesic curvatures of these curves.
Teori Klasik Dan Kontemporer: Dari Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) Hingga Cognitive Restructuring (CR)
Authors: Ilham Lailul , Farid Ach.
Published: December 2019

Sebagaimana sifat ilmu pengetahuan pada umumnya, teknik-teknik layanan konseling juga mengalami pembaharuan berdasarkan kebutuhan dan persoalan-persoalan yang di alami individu, baik dalam aspek psikologis, kognitif, ataupun behavior. Pembaruan tersebut dapat bersifat induktif (menuju cakupan yang lebih luas) atau deduktif (menuju cakupan yang lebih khusus/spesifik). Perubahan-perubahan tersebut merupakan bukti bahwa teknik konseling juga dialektis dan tangap terhadap aspek-aspek permasalahan individu secara mendasar. Sehingga dalam pembahasan teori-teori konseling ini akan diuraikan dua teknik layanan konseling yang secara historisitas keduanya merupakan teknik yang berakar pada teori yang sama dan menalami pembaharuan (deduktif/induktif) berdasarkan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dalam kontek ilmu konseling.
Dose Tracker Application for Collecting Medication Use Data from International Space Station Crew
Authors: Wotring Virginia. E. , Smith LaRona K.
Published: December 2019

INTRODUCTION: There are knowledge gaps in spaceflight pharmacology with insufficient in-flight data to inform future planning. This effort directly addressed in-mission medication use and also informed open questions regarding spaceflight-associated changes in pharmacokinetics
(PK) and/or pharmacodynamics (PD).METHODS: An iOS application was designed to collect medication use information relevant for research from volunteer astronaut crewmembers: medication name, dose, dosing frequency, indication, perceived efficacy, and side effects. Leveraging the
limited medication choices aboard allowed a streamlined questionnaire. There were 24 subjects approved for participation.RESULTS: Six crewmembers completed flight data collection and five completed ground data collection before NASA’s early study discontinuation. There were
5766 medication use entries, averaging 20.6 ± 8.4 entries per subject per flight week. Types of medications and their indications were similar to previous reports, with sleep disturbances and muscle/joint pain as primary drivers. Two subjects treated prolonged skin problems. Subjects
also used the application in unanticipated ways: to note drug tolerance testing or medication holiday per research protocols, and to share data with flight surgeons. Subjects also provided usability feedback on application design and implementation.DISCUSSION: The volume of data
collected (20.6 ± 8.4 entries per subject per flight week) is much greater than was collected previously (<12 per person per entire mission), despite user criticisms regarding app usability. It seems likely that improvements in a software-based questionnaire application could result
in a robust data collection tool that astronauts find more acceptable, while simultaneously providing researchers and clinicians with useful data.Wotring VE, Smith LK. Dose tracker application for collecting medication use data from International Space Station crew. Aerosp Med
Hum Perform. 2020; 91(1):41–45.
POTENSI MANUSIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF AL-QUR’AN
Authors: . Irawan
Published: December 2019

Manusia menurut agama Islam adalah makhluk Allah yang berpotensi. Di dalam al-Quran ada tiga kata yang digunakan untuk menunjuk kepada manusia, kata yang digunakan adalah bashar, insan atau nas dan bani adam. Potensi itu meliputi: potensi jasmani (fisik), ruhani (spiritual), dan akal (mind). Ketiga potensi ini akan memberikan kemampuan kepada manusia untuk menentukan dan memilih jalan hidupnya sendiri. Manusia diberi kebebasan untuk menentukan takdirnya. Semua itu tergantung dari bagaimana mereka memanfaatkan potensi yang melekat dalam dirinya. Secara umum, macam-macam potensi manusia terdiri dari (1) Potensi fisik, merupakan organ fisik manusia yang dapat digunakan dan diberdayakan untuk berbagai kepentingan dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan hidup. (2) Potensi mental intelektual (intelectual quotient), merupakan potensi kecerdasan yang ada pada otak manusia (terutama otak belahan kiri). (3) Potensi sosial emosional (emotional quotient), merupakan potensi kecerdasan yang ada pada otak manusia (terutama otak belahan kanan). (4) Potensi mental spiritual (spiritual quotient), merupakan potensi kecerdasan yang bertumpu pada bagian dalam diri kita yang berhubungan dengan kearifan di luar ego atau jiwa sadar (bukan hanya mengetahui nilai, tetapi menemukan nilai). (5) Potensi ketangguhan (adversity quotient), merupakan potensi kecerdasan manusia yang bertumpu pada bagian dalam diri kita yang berhubungan dengan keuletan, ketangguhan, dan daya juang yang tinggi. Potensi-potensi tersebut, pada dasarnya masih merupakan kemampuan yang belum terwujud secara optimal. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan hal lain agar potensi tersebut dapat didayagunakan, tentu saja manusia mesti memiliki ambisi. Ambisi inilah yang mendorong orang untuk berusaha meraih keinginannya. Tanpa ambisi, orang hanya akan merasa puas dengan kondisi yang dimilikinya sekarang, tidak ada keinginan untuk mengubahnya menjadi lebih baik
SYNTHESIS OF Li-CONDUCTIVE NANOPARTICLES WITH NASICON-TYPE STRUCTURE
Authors: Lisovskyi Ivan , Solopan Serhii , Khomenko Volodymyr , Barsukov Viacheslav , Belous Anatolii , V’yunov Oleg
Published: December 2019

The development of autonomous battery packs is one of the important energy problems. Nowadays, typical batteries are based on a liquid electrolyte. However, they have number of disadvantages, including restrictions on their design and size, limitations in the operating temperature range, and also dangerous because of the threat of leakage of the electrolyte. It is possible to achieve miniaturization of current sources using a solid electrolyte. In addition, the use of batteries will become more safety by eliminating the threat of leakage of the electrolyte using a solid electrolyte. However, solid state batteries have a number of other disadvantages. The most serious of them are: the stability of the solid electrolyte in contact with the lithium anode and the high resistance of the cathode/solid electrolyte interface.

In recent decades, systems like Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7- (PO4)3 (LATP) with NASICON-type structure have been actively investigated. This material is resistant to water, air and fire, have high ionic conductivity (10–4–10–3 S/cm), have a wide window of electrochemical stability and is stable in contact with metallic lithium. The key to solving the problem of high

 

resistance of the cathode/solid electrolyte interface is modification of the cathode material by introducing solid electrolyte particles to create core/shell structures and forming ion-conducting channels.

Therefore, it is necessary to develop methods for the synthesis of LATP, which: a) will allow to obtain large quantities of material for the manufacture of solid electrolytes; b) will enable the production of nanoscale particles for the modification of the cathode material.

In this work, the influence of the synthesis method (solid phase method, sol-gel method, microemulsion production method) on the properties of  the resulting particles was studied. The structure of the nanoparticles, their phase and microstructural features were investigated. Preliminary testing of received materials in electrochemical systems was held.
OBTAINING PARTIALLY UNZIPPED CARBON NANOTUBES FOR OXYGEN ELECTRODES
Authors: Danilov Michail , Rusetskyi Ihor , Dovbeshko Galina , Nikolenko Andrii , Fomanyuk Sergey , Kolbasov Gennadii
Published: December 2019

Various methods for unzipping carbon nanotubes are described, which differ only in the method of acting on multi-walled carbon nanotubes which leads to obtain a partial unzipped carbon nanotubes or the creation of a defective hybrid structure in carbon nanotubes.

By electrochemical anodic oxidation in 80 % sulfuric acid of multi-walled carbon nanotubes synthesized partially unzipped nanotubes and shows the results of the study. Using the methods of X-ray phase analysis, electron microscopy, and Raman spectra, it has been established that, as a result of electrochemical anodic oxidation, partially unzipped multi-walled carbon nanotubes are obtained. Two-layer oxygen electrodes were made, where synthesized materials were used as an active layer. Studies of the electrocatalytic characteristics of oxygen electrodes from partially unzipped multi-walled carbon nanotubes were carried out in a mock up of fuel cell with alkaline electrolyte. It is established that the degree of unzipping of multi-walled carbon nanotubes depends on the time of electrochemical oxidation. It has been suggested that it is possible to control the process of synthesis of partially unzipped nanotubes. It has been established that one of the methods for estimating the degree of unzipping of multi-walled carbon nanotubes can be studies the electrochemical characteristics of oxygen electrodes based on these materials.

Electrochemical investigation has established that the obtained samples of partially unzipped multi-walled carbon nanotubes are promising materials as catalysts carrier for oxygen electrodes of fuel cells. The developed method synthesis of partially unzipped multi-walled carbon nanotubes allows obtaining electrode materials for chemical current sources. Oxygen electrodes, based on such electrochemically produced materials, were stable for six months at a discharge current density of 200 mA/cm2. Partially unzipped multi-walled carbon nanotubes are promising catalyst carrier for electrodes of chemical current sources, as well as a material for hybrid nanocomposites with predetermined characteristics.
MODIFICATION OF TUBULAR CERAMIC MEMBRANES WITH PYROCARBON AND SILICA
Authors: Goncharuk Vladislav , Ogenko Volodymyr , Dubrovina Liubov , Vyshnevskyi Oleksii , Dubrovin Igor
Published: December 2019

The tubular ceramic membranes of clay minerals were modified with silica and pyrocarbon, which was obtained by carbonizing of polymer precursors at 750 ° С in an argon flow. The precursors to carbonation were polymers formed from the polyisocyanate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (membrane II) and polyisocyanate and sucrose (membrane III). Silicon dioxide was formed at high temperature from liquid glass. As a result of the modification, the membranes became black with a metallic luster. The composition and structure of the membranes were studied by XRF and SEM. The modifier of the membranes is located in the pore space in the form of separate particles and sintered agglomerates. The particle size of the modified membrane filler varies from 30 nm to ~ 1 μm depending on the modifier composition. The apparent density and open porosity for the unmodified membrane are 1.80 g/cm3 and 21.9 %, for membrane II - 1.83 g/cm3 and 19.7 %, for membrane III - 1.82 g/cm3 and 18.9 %. Testing of modified membranes was carried out by water purification from Ca2+ and Fe3+ using the baromembrane method at a working pressure of 0.6 MPa. The concentration of Ca2+ in aqueous solutions of CaCl2 was 100 mg/dm3, the concentration of Fe3+ in aqueous solutions of FeCl3 was 100 and 36 mg/dm3. The period of time until the establishment of dynamic equilibrium in systems during water purification is 4 hours. The unmodified membranes does not inhibit Ca2+ and Fe3+ at all. After reaching equilibrium the retention factor (R) of Ca2+ during water purification with modified membranes pressure vary from 20 to 28 % and the specific productivity – from 22 to 40 dm3/(m2×h). The retention coefficient of Fe3+, depending on the membranes modifier and concentration of the FeCl3 solutions being purified,  is 78 - 99.9 %. The specific productivity in this case is 15 - 52.3 dm3/(m2×h).
Localized structures in magnetic systems without the center of inversion
Authors: Borisov A B
Published: December 2019

The main theoretical and experimental results of the study of magnetic skyrmions in films of isotropic chiral magnets are considered. A significant part of the paper presents new results that were not included in previous monographs and reviews. Skyrmions are formations characterized by a quantized topological number. They attract considerable attention of researchers due to their dynamics in external fields, which has promising features in terms of applications in spintronics. Special attention is given to the structure and interaction of 3D skyrmions, and a new magnetic structure — the chiral bobber — is considered.
“Life” and “Death” of Historical Reconstruction Clubs in Modern Russia
Authors: Sbitneva Arina M.
Published: December 2019

The article uses the methods of participant observation and ethnographic interviews. The purpose of the article is to study the social composition, internal structure and activity of the historical reconstruction clubs (HRC), using the example of the clubs in Moscow and the Moscow Region specialized in the early Middle Ages, to analyze the key to the successful existence of such clubs and the reasons for their collapse. Most of the HRC exist for no more than 5–7 years. Nevertheless, in Russia there are clubs that have “lived” for 25–30 years.
Modern Beliefs of the Karakalpaks Concerning the Tradition of Ancestor Veneration
Authors: Turekeyev Kuanyshbek Z.
Published: December 2019

The ancestor worship is one of the most enduring traditions among the Karakalpaks and is still practiced today in many Karakalpak clans. This phenomenon is an important part of the culture, extending beyond the boundaries of a particular religion or complex of beliefs. The ancestor veneration is based on the notion that the human spirit continues to exist after death and is able to influence lives of the living. In the modern spiritual life of the Karakalpak people, the cult of their ancestors is preserved not only among the older generation, but also among young people who are actively involved in celebratory rituals. However, individual traditions and rituals associated with animistic beliefs, in particular with the veneration of ancestors, have transformed in recent decades. According to the collected information, globalization, urbanization processes and changes in the socio-economic life of the society are responsible for these changes
Agricultural practices among the nomads of the Lbishensky Disctrict of the Ural Region in the Beginning of the XX century
Authors: Kappasov Marat M.
Published: December 2019

n this article, the author shows the role of agriculture among nomads based on data from the cadastral source of the 1912 issue of “Materials on Kyrgyz Land Use ...” in the Lbishchensky district of the Ural region. The research focuses on the nomads of Lbishchensky district. The author shows the number of sown grain, types of grain and the area of ​​planted land. Millet was the most common cereal among nomads, who were living in the territory of present-day Kazakhstan, including Lbischensky district. The average yields of millet are summized and it is calculated whether nomads could survive in the nomadic environment only at the expense of grain, using the method introduced by Masanov, and further developed by Kanyashin. This technique was created to calculate the number of cattle necessary for the Kazakhs to survive in nomadic environment. Using the “Materials on Kyrgyz land use ..” and a number of other sources and research the author argues that farming in this district could not feed the majority of nomads and could only be a supplementary economic activity
The Medieval Population of Mountainous Ingushetia According to Odontological Data
Authors: Lejbova Natalya A. , Gadiev Umalat B.
Published: December 2019

Although population of the Caucasus has been studied in a rather detailed way, there are peoples whose anthropological portrait is still incomplete. Among them are the Ingush, one of the oldest autochthonous peoples of the Caucasus. This work presents new material on the dental anthropology of medieval Ingush, collected in 2017 during expeditions to the Jairakh and Sunzhen districts of the Republic of Ingushetia. In the Jairakh district, the investigations were carried out in the crypt complexes of the 15th–18th centuries – Targim, Agikal, Tsori, Salgi, and in Sunzhen region - in crypts near the village of Muzgan. The craniological series of medieval Ingush studied according to the dental anthropology program can be described as belonging to the western range of odontological complexes. Unlike most modern Caucasian groups, it does not belong to gracile forms, but rather to a maturized odontological variant, which has deep roots in the Caucasus. The results once again demonstrate a certain conservatism and stability of the dental system, which preserves morphological traits of ancestral groups longer than other anthropological systems.
Australian Aborigines: geographical variability of craniological features
Authors: Pestriyakov Aleksandr P. , Grigorieva Olga M. , Pelenitsina Yulia V.
Published: December 2019

This work is devoted to the study of craniological traits of Australian aborigines (male and female samples) and their geographical differentiation applying a special program of cranial traits. According to the craniological classification (Pestryakov, Grigorieva, 2004), native population of Australia belongs to the Tropid craniotype, i.e. is characterized by a relatively small size and long, narrow and relatively high form of the skull. The primary settlement of the Australian continent could only origin in the North. There are two contrasting craniotypes in Australia, which probably reflect the two main waves of the aboriginal migration across the continent. The skulls of the first migratory wave were larger and relatively low-vaulted. They are mostly characteristic of the aborigines of South Australia, who later also migrated to the north, to the arid zone of Central Australia. The second major wave is characterized by smaller high-vaulted skulls, which are now characteristic of the population of the north of the continent (Queensland and, especially, the Northern Territory and North-West Australia). The territory of the southeast of Australia (Victoria and New South Wales states) is the most favorable area for human living. The two main migratory waves mixed there, which led to the observed craniological heterosis. The craniological samples of western and northwestern Australia are also of mixed origin, but are more comparable to the Northern Territory groups. The Tasmanians are significantly different from the General Australian population in terms of craniology. This is especially true for the female sample. Perhaps the ancestors of the Tasmanians represented the very first settlement wave of the ancient Sahul continent, before the separation of the island from the mainland
Osteometric Study of an Early Iron Age Postcranial Sample from Lower Kama Region (Novo-Sasykul Burial Ground).
Authors: Kufterin Vladimir V. , Volkova Elizaveta V.
Published: December 2019

The article outlines results of an osteometric study of a postcranial sample (22 male and 30 female skeletons) from Novo-Sasykul burial ground in the Lower Kama region (Pyany Bor culture). Novo-Sasykul necropolis dates back to between the I and the turn of the II–III cc. AD. In total, the Sasykul population is characterized by a mesomorphic (with a tendency to dolichomorphism) body type proportions and an average or higher than average body length. Results of intragroup analysis allow to conclude that the studied sample was mixed. Results of the intergroup canonical discriminant analysis demonstrate the greatest proximity of the Novo-Sasykul postcranial skeletons to the Mazunino culture samples (Pokrovsky, Dubrovsky and Boyarsky “Arai” burial grounds), as well as to the Pyany Bor culture sample from Stary Chekmak cemetery. The latter thesis does not apply to female skeletons from Stary Chekmak, characterized by a rather “harmonious” ratio of the limb segment lengths and do not show a tendency towards relative lengthening of the tibia. A slight increase in the crural index may be a specific feature of the Pyany Bor and Mazunino culture population groups from the Kama region.
The Thorny Path of Labour Migrants in Russia: a participant observation
Authors: Shiyan Olga
Published: December 2019

The article analyzes some of the problems typical for labor migration from Central Asian countries to Russia. The author presents field materials collected during participant observation in the summer of 2018. Having travelled along with several groups of labor migrants who traveled from Central Asian countries to Russia either with the assistance of the state or informally, the researcher had the opportunity to see the problems and difficulties faced by migrants on the way from their country of residence to their destination and to observe the difficulties encountered at the initial stage of job search.
Russian Youth in Moscow in the System of Interethnic Relations
Authors: Ostapenko Lyubov V. , Starchenko Roman A. , Subbotina Irina A.
Published: December 2019

Young people’s participation in optimizing interethnic relations is becoming particularly important in the face of growing interethnic tension, a rise of distrust and suspicion between countries and nations. Based on the analysis of data from the survey carried out among Muscovites aged 16-29, the article is aimed at showing the scale and nature of interethnic interaction between the Russian population of the capital and representatives of other ethnic groups in Moscow, attitude towards such contacts in different spheres of life (including interethnic marriages), young people’s evaluation of the interethnic situation in the city and opinion on the reasons for its instability.
Plot-Scale Effects of Ground-Based Skidding on Runoff and Soil Loss in Relation to Slopes and Leaf-On and Leaf-Off Periods in the Mixed Broadleaf Forests
Authors: JOURGHOLAMİ Meghdad , JOURİZ Saeedeh
Published: December 2019

Soil compaction and loss of surface
litter from skid trails reduced the water absorption capacity in mineral soils,
which reduced water infiltration and increased runoff, which then caused
surface erosion. We hypothesized that ground-based skidding, different slope
angle classes (0–20% and 20–40%), and forest canopy cover (leaf-on and leaf-off
period) would be significantly effect on runoff and sediment loss. In order to
measure the total runoff and the sediment loss, quadruplicate bounded runoff
plot (2 m2) was established on the skidding and the control sites,
and two different slope angle classes on each site (totally 16 runoff plots
with 20 rainfall events) in the Gorazbon district in Hyrcanian deciduous
forests following Timberjack 450C skidding operations (32 machine passes) over
one-year. The natural rainfalls were measured due to get more useful data. The
skidding and the leaf-on and leaf-off period had statistically significant
effects on runoff and sediments (P < 0.05). There was a statistically
significant difference between runoff and sediment loss in different leaf-on
and leaf-off periods, with leaf-off period having the highest sediment loss,
while the leaf-on period had the least. The slope angle classes and its
interactions had no significant effect on runoff and sediment loss. The highest
runoff of just over 1.6 mm was from a skid trail with a 20–40% slope in the
leaf-off period, and the highest sediment production was 6.95 g in the skid
trail with a 20–40% slope in the leaf-off period. In the Hyrcanian deciduous
forest, fallen leaves (leaf-off period) were coincided with the highest and
most erosive rainfall, which resulted in an increase in runoff and sediment
yield.
Examination of Laser Microwelded Joints of Additively Manufactured Individual Implants
Authors: Kónya János , Kulcsár Klaudia
Published: December 2019

Digital product processing and the utilization of novel, tissue-friendly materials allow the use of fixed dentures for patients. Its basis is a titanium plate fixed to the cortical bone surface at given screw positions. A digital dental cast is created from the existing bone surface, and modelling and necessary statistical analyses are carried out in a virtual environment. Safety of the welded joint is evaluated with mechanical methods. When designing the fixing points, an idealized denture is used that was previously designed for the patient. The number and position of pillar elements used for screw fixation of the denture are determined by the complex geometry of the denture itself, and the location, direction, and articulating position of existing teeth. The additively manufactured implant and the machined pillar sleeves are joined with laser-welding at given nesting positions. Homogeneity of the metallic material structure at the welded joint zone of the product is examined with micro-CT. Due to this implementation method, surgical time decreases together with complication rates and post-operative problems.
Effects of Additive Manufacturing on the Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of Austenic Stainless Steel
Authors: Maróti János Endre , Kemény Dávid Miklós , Károly Dóra
Published: December 2019

Additive manufacturing (AM) offers the possibility to produce complex parts without the design constraints of traditional manufacturing routes. Our aim was to determine different mechanical and corrosion properties of direct metal laser sintered austenitic stainless steel (X2CrNiMo17-12-2) material with tensile test, Charpy impact test, scanning electron microscopy and corrosion test. The measured values were evaluated, and our results compared with literary values, furthermore, we also examined how the printing direction affects the properties.