bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-security nondeterministic encryption communication based on spin-space-frequency multiplexing metasurface
Authors: Sun Shi , Gou Yue , Cui Tie Jun , Ma Hui Feng
Published: December 2024

Information security plays an important role in every aspect of life to protect data from stealing and deciphering. However, most of the previously reported works were based on pure algorithm layer or pure physical layer encryptions, which have certain limitations in security. In this paper, a nondeterministic message encryption communication scheme is proposed based on a spin-space-frequency multiplexing metasurface (SSFMM), which integrates both algorithmic and physical layer encryptions, and can also produce multiple different ciphertexts for the same message to prevent the message from being cracked through frequency analysis, thus greatly enhancing the security of the information. To be specific, an SSFMM is first designed as a physical-layer meta-key, which can generate eight independent dot matrix holograms with different spin, space, and frequency characteristics. The target message is then encrypted based on these dot matrix holograms combined with algorithmic operations, and the encrypted message is converted into a quick response (QR) code for easy sending to the target users. Once the target user gets that QR code, he/she can scan it to obtain the encryption information, and then recover the target message according to the pre-agreed encryption protocol combined with the eight dot matrix holograms of SSFMM. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed encryption scheme was experimentally validated at the microwave frequency band.
Turkish mobile speech discrimination in real noise 4-word sentence test findings in individuals with hearing loss aged 8–12 years
Authors: Tanisir Disci Rukiye , Konukseven Ozlem
Published: December 2024

Background

In daily life, there has been a need to establish verbal communication with sentences instead of single-syllable words and to be tested with sentences that better reflect social life. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate signal noise ratio thresholds and speech comprehension scores in noise in children with severe sensorineural hearing loss by using real ambient noises, four-word spectral balanced sentences, and light, medium, and high input signal levels.

Results

A total of 40 children, including 20 children with severe sensorineural hearing loss, using bilateral hearing aids, (10.23 ± 1.64) and 20 children with normal hearing (9.25 ± 1.48), aged 8–12 years, were included in the study. The newly developed Turkish Mobile Sentence Test for Distinguish Speech in Real Noises was applied to the participants. This test is performed using spectral and coherence balanced 4-word sentences, at − 10 dB, − 5 dB, 0 dB, 5 dB, and 10 dB SNR thresholds and 40, 60, and 80 dB sound levels at shopping mall and amusement park. Children with hearing loss had higher signal noise ratio thresholds at all sound levels in shopping malls, amusement parks, and classroom environments, and their speech comprehension scores in noise were lower at these thresholds (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Children with hearing loss aged 8–12 have difficulties in verbal communication, in real ambient noises, and in speech discrimination tests, even with 4-word sentences at mild, medium, and high levels of intensity, compared to children with normal hearing. Further studies evaluating hearing aid fitting settings with signal noise ratio thresholds are needed.
Arabic otitis media questionnaire for children
Authors: Hady Heba Tallah Sherif Abd El , Elfeky Asmaa Ali , Patrik Gina Huessin Ahmed El , Kolkaila Enaas Ahmad
Published: December 2024

Background

The most popular tool for assessing children with otitis media’s health-related quality of life is the Otitis Media-6 questionnaire (OM-6). The objectives were to translate and validate the OM-6 questionnaire for kids with OM and investigate the factor structure that underlies it and, also, to apply it to children with OM.

Methods

The questionnaire was translated into Arabic language and cross-culturally adapted. Then the content validity of the instruments was tested by a jury of three experts in the field. The instrument was updated to reflect the suggestions, and any necessary changes were finished.

Results

Two-hundred children were included. They were divided into two groups: control group, including 100 children with normal middle ear function. The second group was the study group, including 100 children with OM.

The comparison of all the items of the questionnaire (symptom of inflammation, manifestations of hearing loss and speech impairment, emotional distress, activity limitations, and caregiver’s concern) between the two studied groups was significant with P-value (< 0.001).

Conclusion

The Arabic version of the questionnaire (OM-6A) is valid, responsive, and interpreted with high reliability. It will support patients’ QoL both before and after treatment, as well as the prognosis of functional health status (FHS).
Remote consultations in mental health: collaborative evaluation applying learning health systems thinking
Authors: Goulding Lucy , Williams Julie , White Alison , Jackson Aileen , Lelliott Zoë , Adams Stuart , Chua Kia-Chong , Nahabedian Noushig , Onwumere Juliana , Woollard James ,   MOMENT group, Sevdalis Nick , Gaughran Fiona
Published: December 2024

Aims and method

A collaborative evaluation of remote consultations in mental health services was undertaken by mental health service providers, experts by experience, academic institutions and a Health Innovation Network in south London, UK. ‘Learning healthcare systems’ thinking was applied. Workstream 1 reviewed international published evidence; workstream 2 synthesised findings from three health provider surveys of the perceptions and experiences of staff, patients and carers; and workstream 3 comprised an electronic survey on local projects.

Results

Remote consultations can be acceptable to patients and staff. They improve access for some while restricting access for others, with digital exclusion being a key concern. Providing tailored choice is key.

Clinical implications

The collaboration generated learning to inform choices by healthcare providers to embed or adapt remote delivery. A key output was freely downloadable survey questions for assessing the quantity and quality of appointments undertaken by phone or video or face to face.
Development and Validation of the RSClinN+ Tool to Predict Prognosis and Chemotherapy Benefit for Hormone Receptor–Positive, Node-Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Pusztai Lajos , Hoag Jess R. , Albain Kathy S. , Barlow William E. , Stemmer Salomon M. , Meisner Allison , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Shak Steven , Rae James M. , Baehner Rick , Sharma Priyanka , Kalinsky Kevin M.
Published: December 2024

PURPOSE

Clinicopathological factors and the 21-gene Oncotype DX Breast Recurrence Score (RS) test both influence prognosis. Our goal was to develop a new tool, RSClinN+, to individualize recurrence risk and chemotherapy benefit predictions by menopausal status for patients with HR+/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative, lymph node–positive breast cancer by integrating the RS result with clinicopathological factors (grade, tumor size, age).

METHODS

We used patient-level data from 5,283 patients treated with chemoendocrine therapy (CET) versus endocrine therapy alone (ET) in the S1007 (N = 4,916) and S8814 (N = 367) trials to develop the tool. Cox proportional hazards regression models stratified by trial were used to estimate 5-year invasive disease-free survival for pre- and postmenopausal woman, respectively. The integrated RSClinN+ model was compared with RS alone and clinicopathological models using likelihood ratio tests. Absolute CET benefit was estimated as the difference between ET and CET risk estimates. Validation of RSClinN+ was performed in 592 patients with node-positive disease in the Clalit Health Services registry.

RESULTS

RSClinN+ provides better prognostic information than RS model alone (premenopausal
P
= .034; postmenopausal
P
< .001) or clinicopathological model alone (premenopausal
P
= .002; postmenopausal,
P
< .001). In postmenopausal women, RS showed interaction with CET benefit (
P
= .016), with RSClinN+ absolute CET benefit ranging from <0.1% to 21.5% over RS ranges 0-50. In premenopausal patients with RS ≤25, there was no significant interaction between RS and CET benefit. In external validation, RSClinN+ risk estimates were prognostic (hazard ratio, 1.75 [95% CI, 1.38 to 2.20]) and concordant with observed risk (Lin's concordance, 0.92).

CONCLUSION

RSClinN+ provides improved estimates of prognosis and absolute CET benefit for individual patients compared with RS or with clinical data alone and could be used in patient counseling.
Care Partner Burden and Support Services in Dementia
Authors: Polsinelli Angelina J.
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVE

Informal care partners are essential to the care of people living with dementia, but they often experience significant burden and receive minimal training, support, and resources. This article provides an overview of care partner experiences, factors contributing to burden, and methods for reducing burden of caregiving in dementia.

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS

The US Department of Health and Human Services National Plan to Address Alzheimer’s Disease and the World Health Organization Global Action Plan for dementia have identified support for dementia care partners as a top priority for research and policy in recognition of care partners’ instrumental but underresourced role in dementia care. The psychological, financial, social, and physical costs of caregiving, particularly without necessary knowledge, skills, and resources, can lead to care partner burden. Reassuringly, multicomponent interventions can mitigate burden and other negative consequences of caregiving, especially when they are theoretically grounded, inclusive, and culturally relevant.

ESSENTIAL POINTS

Health care providers play a vital role in the early identification of care partner burden through brief, regular assessments. With earlier identification and subsequent intervention (eg, education, skills-based training, local and national resources), the experience of burden and negative health outcomes can be mitigated and quality of life for people living with dementia and their care partners can be improved.
Frontotemporal Dementia
Authors: Clark David Glenn
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVE

This article discusses frontotemporal dementia (FTD) syndromes using a simplified framework of three core syndromes, including details on their pathology and unique genetic variations.

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS

FTD includes at least seven major clinical syndromes. The three core syndromes are behavioral variant FTD and two forms of progressive aphasia, commonly referred to as the nonfluent variant and semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia. Clinical features reflect the involvement of major functional brain networks. Derangements of three proteins account for nearly all underlying pathology for FTD syndromes: transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) (approximately 50% of cases), MAPT (45% of cases), and FUS (5% of cases). The clinical presentation and imaging provide clues to the underlying pathology. FTD is more heritable than Alzheimer disease, with variations in C9orf72, MAPT, or GRN (which encodes progranulin) occurring in more than 10% of FTD cases.

ESSENTIAL POINTS

The framework described here will provide clinicians with a foundation for understanding the complex and heterogeneous set of FTD syndromes. There are currently no disease-modifying or US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved treatments for FTD, but clinical trials are underway, including some targeting presymptomatic genetic variation carriers. Available FTD treatments address deficits in behavior or language nonpharmacologically or through the off-label use of medications approved for other indications. Improvements in biomarkers will accelerate the discovery of new pharmacologic treatments.
Observational constraints on the progenitors of type Ia supernovae
Authors: Δημητριάδης Γεώργιος
Published: December 2024

Αυτή η διδακτορική διατριβή διερευνά παρατηρησιακές ενδείξεις και παρέχει περιορισμούς όσον αφορά τα προγονικά συστήματα των Υπερκαινοφανών αστέρων τύπου Ια (SNe Ia), ενός από τους πιο ισχυρούς κοσμολογικούς ανιχνευτές, με βαθύ αντίκτυπο στην κατανόηση της εξέλιξης του σύμπαντος. Αξιοποιώντας πλούσια σύνολα δεδομένων παρατήρησης, από ισχυρές παροδικές καταμετρήσεις, και αναλύοντάς τα εκτενώς, παρέχουμε μια εικόνα για το μακροχρόνιο πρόβλημα των προγονικών συστημάτων. Αρχικά, διερευνούμε την ύστερη εξέλιξη της καμπύλης φωτός των SNe Ia. Χρησιμοποιώντας τις παρατηρήσεις από το Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) του SN 2011fe, στις οποίες προστέθηκαν δεδομένα εξωτερικής βιβλιογραφίας, επιτυγχάνουμε μια άνευ προηγουμένου φωτομετρική κάλυψη της καμπύλης φωτός κατά την διάρκεια του τελευταίου χρόνου ενός SN Ia, που εκτείνεται από 200 έως 1600 ημέρες μετά τη μέγιστη φωτεινότητα, με αξιοσημείωτη χρονική πυκνότητα. Ένας συνδυασμός φωτομετρίας και φασματοσκοπίας σε αυτές τις φάσεις μας επιτρέπει να κατασκευάσουμε μια ψευδοβολομετρική καμπύλη φωτός, και να αναλύσουμε φυσικά μοντέλα που περιγράφουν τη συμπεριφορά της. Τα κύρια αποτελέσματά μας είναι η εξήγηση της βολομετρικής καμπύλης φωτός από τις ραδιενεργές αλυσίδες διάσπασης των 56Ni και 57Ni, με την εκτιμώμενη ποσότητα 57Ni να είναι σχετικά μεγάλη, υποδεικνύοντας ένα περιβάλλον έκρηξης υψηλής κεντρικής πυκνότητας. Επιπλέον, η ψευδοβολομετρική καμπύλη φωτός μας δεν συνάδει με μοντέλα που έχουν πλήρη παγίδευση των παραγόμενων φορτισμένων λεπτονίων, αντιθέτως, μοντέλα που επιτρέπουν τη διαφυγή ποζιτρονίου/ηλεκτρονίου ή μια υπέρυθρη καταστροφή (IRC) περιγράφουν επαρκώς την εξέλιξη. Τέλος, μελετήσαμε ένα δείγμα 49 SNe Ia από το PTF με φωτομετρική κάλυψη ύστερου χρόνου, χωρίς να βρίσκουμε σημαντική απόκλιση στην εξέλιξη της καμπύλης φωτός τους σε σύγκριση με το SN 2011fe και παρέχουμε ένα ανώτερο όριο στο πλούσιο σε υδρογόνο υλικό στο σημείο της έκρηξης σε <0.87 ηλιακές μάζες. Για το τελευταίο μέρος, στρέφουμε την εστίασή μας στη φασματοσκοπική κατηγορία του 91T-like SN Ia, μελετώντας δύο μέλη αυτής της κατηγορίας: τα SN2014eg και SN2016hvl, για τα οποία παρουσιάζουμε το πλούσιο σύνολο δεδομένων τους και παρέχουμε φυσικές παραμέτρους που τα περιγράφουν. Τα αποτελέσματά μας δείχνουν ότι το εξαιρετικά ερυθρό SN 2014eg είναι ελαφρώς λιγότερο φωτεινό 91T-like SN Ia, με μάζα 56Ni 0.573 ηλιακές μάζες, με ενδείξεις περιαστρικού υλικού (CSM) στο σημείο της έκρηξης, ενώ το SN2016hvl είναι ένα 91T-like SN Ia με 0.767 ηλιακές μάζες 56Ni. Τέλος, μελετάμε τους γαλαξίες-ξενιστές των 91T-like SN Ia από το PTF, και διαπιστώνουμε ότι εκρήγνυνται κατά προτίμηση σε ενεργούς γαλαξίες, με μέτριους έως υψηλούς ρυθμούς σχηματισμού αστέρων και μεγάλο εύρος στις αστρικές τους μάζες.
Livelihood diversification strategies and food security in the Weaving-based livelihood system of Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Dereje Desta , Tilahun Temesgen , Yirgu Teshome
Published: December 2024

Background Livelihood diversification involves households earning through various economic activities, such as non-farm businesses, entrepreneurship, and off-farm jobs, improving sustainability, resilience, risk sharing, employment opportunities, and reducing poverty and food insecurity. However, little research has been done on the status, factors and relation of livelihood diversification and food security. This study explores the relationship between food security and livelihood diversification in the Chencha district of southern Ethiopia, focusing on determinants and their connection with household food security. Methods Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from 303 randomly selected households using surveys, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and observations. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, Ordered probit regression and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results The result revealed that subsistence farming (52.1%) and weaving (38.6%) activities were reported as the primary and secondary main income sources of households. A majority of households (90.7%) diversified their livelihood. Based on income share, non-farm, on-farm, and off-farm income sources contributed, 72.96%, 25.3%, and 1.74% of total household income, respectively. Formal employment, weaving, barber/hairdresser, cattle production and sale, cereal production, and vegetable production (Potato) were highly paying livelihood activities in order. Households who combined on-farm, off-farm, and non-farm have gained far larger mean income followed by on-farm and non-farm strategies. Ordered Probit model results showed that landholding size, livestock holding size, and access to farmer training center (FTC) have positively affected the extent of livelihood diversification. Positive association was found between livelihood diversification and the food security status of households. Conclusion thus, the majority of weaving-based livelihood groups diversify their livelihood activities to on-farm, off-farm, and non-farm activities. Hence, supporting the weaving activity and motivating females’ participation, increasing other livelihood options, and modernizing the system with appropriate training, education, and market linkage seems inevitable.
assertHE: an R package to improve quality assurance of HTA models
Authors: Smith Robert A. , Samyshkin Yevgeniy , Mohammed Wael , Lamrock Felicity , Ward Tom , Smith Jack , Martin Alan , Schneider Paul , Lee Dawn , Baio Gianluca , Thom Howard , Green Nathan , Richardson Marina , El Alili Mohammed , Pouwels Xavier , Lewis Calum , Deniz Baris
Published: December 2024

Background Health economic models are increasingly used to inform decisions about the allocation of healthcare resources. Ensuring the robustness and reliability of these models is critical. Currently, quality assurance is conducted by both technical and non-technical experts assessing different components of the model manually. This is resource intensive. Understanding how the different components of the model fit together is time consuming, and testing every part of the model is sometimes not feasible in the time available. To aid in this, we have developed the assertHE R package. Methods The open-source assertHE package provides testing functionality for those building and reviewing health economic models built in R programming language. It provides a series of checks which can be integrated into the model development workflow to reduce the probability of common errors. It also provides a suite of functions which allow users to better understand the network of R functions contained in a model, where they are defined, if (and where) they are tested, and provides a simple metric to quantify the extent to which they are tested. Results We applied the assertHE package to three open-source health economic models built in R, showing how to include check functions within the model code and how to visualise the network of functions, see the test coverage, and obtain a Generative Pretrained Transformer Large Language Model (GPT-LLM) generated summary of any function in the code-base. We have worked with collaborators from industry, regulators and academia to develop the package to be applicable to the widest possible range of models, making adaptations to the source code based upon feedback. Conclusions assertHE offers an open-source toolkit for health economists building and reviewing models, promoting collaborative development and facilitating a more robust and efficient quality assurance process.
The genome sequence of Common Haircap, Polytrichum commune Hedw. (Polytrichaceae)
Authors: Bell David , Long David G. , Bell Neil E. ,   Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh Genome Acquisition Lab,   Plant Genome Sizing collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: December 2024

We present a genome assembly from a specimen of Polytrichum commune (Common Haircap; Streptophyta; Polytrichopsida; Polytrichales; Polytrichaceae). The genome sequence has a total length of 407.90 megabases. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 7 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The organelle genomes have also been assembled: the mitochondrial genome is 114.83 kilobases and the plastid genome is 126.25 kilobases in length
Demand-Side Effects of Open Innovation: The Case of Cryptocurrency Forking
Authors: Sharma Vasundhara , Agarwal Ashish , Barua Anitesh
Published: December 2024

Many digital products follow an open-innovation model, wherein the open boundaries facilitate copying (forking) the codebase and creating new products, which may compete with the parents for user demand. Although a rich body of literature highlights the benefits of open source such as the availability of developers with diverse skill sets and accelerated innovation, the competition effects of forked products on the demand of their parents remain understudied. Using data from major cryptocurrencies and their forked products created between 2011 and 2021, we study how these entrants impact the demand for parent cryptocurrencies. We categorize cryptocurrencies as transaction or platform types. Transaction coins are primarily used for the exchange of goods and services, whereas platform coins offer additional capabilities such as hosting applications or third-party services. We find that parents with only transaction capabilities experience a negative impact on demand. Although popularity may shield the parents to a certain extent, the substitution effect is still dominant. However, popular coins with platform capabilities do not experience a decrease in demand when competing with forked entrants; an increase in smart contract transactions due to their compatibility with the competing forked products offsets the negative substitution effect observed for regular transactions. Our study underscores the competitive dynamics of open innovation and provides managerial insights for firms considering open models for product development. Our results highlight the importance of considering both substitution and complementarities when assessing the risks and benefits of the open-innovation model.

This paper was accepted by Anindya Ghose, information systems.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.03132 .
OM Forum—Asset-Level Perspectives on the Clean Energy Transition
Authors: Secomandi Nicola
Published: December 2024

Problem definition: The clean energy transition is an important component of the net zero transformation, which aims at averting potentially disastrous climate change related to excessive global warming by practically eliminating new global greenhouse gas emissions within 2050. The resulting move toward decarbonized energy systems is projected to encompass massive investments in assets that employ technologies with low environmental impact, some of which are innovative or yet unproven or even undeveloped, an area known as CleanTech. The typical analyses that are informing the dialogue on this process in practice provide insights into decarbonization paths at the technology level. In contrast, managers need to make decisions about assets. Methodology/results: Taking an asset-level view of the clean energy transition that complements its technology outlook, this essay provides a concise entry point into this topic based on both the practitioner literature and personal reflections, highlighting CleanTech innovations and related operational considerations in carbon capture, use, and storage; sustainable fuels; hydrogen; electricity; and concomitant government support activities. Managerial implications: Further, this work advocates for potential CleanTech research or teaching pursuits, especially ones aimed at directly supporting managerial decision making, for which it provides an example from the literature.
TRAJETÓRIA ACADÊMICA E AS CONTRIBUIÇÕES CIENTÍFICAS DO GEÓGRAFO E PROFESSOR PEDRO PINCHAS GEIGER. PRÊMIO GEOCRÍTICA 2024.
Authors: Machado Monica Sampaio
Published: December 2024

Pedro Geiger, importante intelectual, cientista e geógrafo brasileiro de reconhecimento nacional e internacional. Seus trabalhos são referências para a ciência geográfica, apresentando estudos ricos, complexos e à frente de seu tempo, ao mesmo tempo reunindo rigor científico e lógica literária. Foi geógrafo por 42 anos do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), onde realizou seus primeiros estudos pelo Brasil e apresentou descrições geográficas inovadoras, associando formas espaciais e conteúdo social. Foi também professor de várias e importantes universidades estrangeiras, pesquisador de instituições públicas de planejamento municipal e regional e professor do Instituto de Geografia da Universidade do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ). Prêmio Geocrítica Internacional de 2024 concedido no XVII Colóquio Internacional de Geocrítica, realizado na UERJ em maio de 2024.
Concepções de residentes em saúde sobre cuidados paliativos
Authors: Conceição Ranna Gabriele Sampaio da , Oliveira Juliana da Silva , Santos Washington da Silva , Lobo Marcio Pereira , Machado Juliana Costa , Ribeiro Daiane Brito
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: identificar o conhecimento dos profissionais residentes em saúde sobre cuidados paliativos. Método: estudo qualitativo, realizado com 21 profissionais de um programa de residência multiprofissional na Bahia. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada nos meses de março a julho de 2023. Para análise foi utilizado o software IRAMUTEQ® e, posteriormente, a análise de conteúdo. Protocolo de pesquisa aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: categorizou-se os dados em cinco classes, demonstrando que muitos residentes só tiveram contato com o tema durante a residência, destacando a necessidade de incluir cuidados paliativos no currículo de graduação. Além disso, evidenciaram-se dúvidas sobre a aplicação prática dos cuidados paliativos e a necessidade de capacitação contínua dos profissionais. Conclusão: infere-se que os profissionais residentes em saúde apresentam uma lacuna no processo de formação desde a graduação até a pós-graduação em relação aos cuidados paliativos.
PANORAMA DA POLUIÇÃO SONORA NA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE BELÉM-PARÁ EM 2006
Authors: Pereira Raphael do Couto , Pinto Helena Marquini Zuntini , Vitorio Cleber Vinicius Akita , Almeida Josimar Ribeiro de , Ferreira Leticia Cardoso , Cunha Tatiana Santos da , Gurova Tetyana
Published: December 2024

Os incômodos sonoros têm crescido nas últimas décadas, principalmente nas maiores aglomerações urbanas. Em 2004, Belém foi apontada, em pesquisa realizada pelo IBGE como a capital mais ruidosa do Brasil. Assim com o objetivo de verificar o panorama da poluição sonora no âmbito da Região Metropolitana de Belém-Pará, no período de 01 de janeiro a 31 de dezembro de 2006, realizou-se pesquisa nos arquivos da Gerência de Perícias Tecnológicas, do Centro de Perícias Científicas “Renato Chaves”, onde foram selecionadas. Foram apuradas 80 solicitações de perícias no período estudado, as fontes de poluição sonora contempladas na categoria entretenimento foram as de maior frequência de solicitação de perícia que juntamente com a categoria oficina, ocupam o primeiro lugar, ambas com 22% das solicitações feitas durante o período estudado.
ANÁLISE DE SISTEMAS AMBIENTAIS
Authors: Pereira Raphael do Couto , Pinto Helena Marquini Zuntini , Vitorio Cleber Vinicius Akita , Almeida Josimar Ribeiro de , Ferreira Leticia Cardoso , Cunha Tatiana Santos da , Gurova Tetyana
Published: December 2024

Uma avaliação de impacto deve abranger os seguintes aspectos: descrever a ação proposta, bem como outras alternativas; prever a natureza e magnitude dos ‘efeitos ambientais’; prever aspectos humanos; interpretar os resultados e prevenir os efeitos ambientais. Além disso, deve estar disponível uma metodologia para as fases de comunicação (informação ao público e ao executivo) e, conforme o caso, para os procedimentos de fiscalização durante a fase de construção e operação do empreendimento ou ação em causa.
Menopause mouth
Authors: Stanforth Anita
Published: December 2024

Anita Stanforth details how best to support patients experiencing the menopause.

Aim

The aim of this article is to provide a background to women's oral health during the menopause and how dental nurses and oral health practitioners may support their patients during this time.

Objective

To gain a deeper insight into oral symptoms which may manifest during the menopause and how quality of life may be affected.
Careful consideration
Authors: Hilton Alec
Published: December 2024

Alec Hilton emphasises the need for protection against extrinsic and intrinsic causes of tooth wear.
A volunteering adventure
Authors: Andrews Julie
Published: December 2024

Julie Andrews details an exciting expedition out to Uganda.
Making learning fun
Authors: Mallett Katherine
Published: December 2024

Katherine Mallett speaks with Jennifer Sprinks about her new children's book promoting oral health.
Correlation Study on the Autonomic Nervous System Balance Using HRV According to Preference for Spicy Taste
Authors: Kwon Tae Yang , Im Seung Woo , Koo Jin Suk
Published: December 2024

Objectives: People generally seek out spicy taste when stressed. Eating spicy food activates the autonomic nervous system, causing the body to sweat and the heart to beat faster. The objective of the study is to investigate the correlation with the autonomic nervous system balance according to the preference for spicy taste using HRV.Method: This study measured the changes in heart rate using SA-3000P in patients who visited the local clinic between January and May 2023. To minimize any fluctuations in the autonomic nervous system before measurement due to external factors, subjects were asked to sit in a chair or lie down to rest for approximately 10 minutes before the test and any jewelry were asked to be removed. The test involved attaching ECG electrodes on both wrists and left ankle to measure the autonomic nervous system indicators by measuring, detecting and recording data for 5 minutes. For HRV measurements, SDNN (standard deviation of all normal R-R intervals) was obtained using time domain analysis, and TP (total power), VLF (very low frequency, 0.003∼0.04 Hz), LF (low frequency, 0.04∼0.15 Hz), HF (high frequency, 0.15∼0.4 Hz), and LF/HF ratio were calculated using frequency domain analysis. Additionally, using the measurements, indicators such as RMSSD (root mean square of the successive difference), autonomic nerve activation, and fatigue were produced.Results: The group that preferred spicy taste showed significantly lower TP, LF, HF, RMSSD, and autonomic nerve activation compared to the control group; VLF was lower but there was no statistically significant difference. Fatigue was higher in the group that preferred spicy taste compared to the control group with statistical significance; LF/HF Ratio was higher but with no statistically significant difference.Conclusion: The preference for spicy taste may cause autonomic nervous system abnormality; thus, it may be advisable to avoid the intake of spicy foods.
Combination Therapy with Korean Medicine and Filgrastim on Neutropenia: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Choi Sunkyu , Park Yeon-Cheol , Seong Shin , Kim Wonnam
Published: December 2024

Objectives: Neutropenia is a complication due to chemotherapy or radiotherapy that can limit clinical outcomes. Previous systematic reviews and meta-analysis have suggested that traditional Asian medicine may relieve neutropenia. This study investigated the effect of the combination therapy of Korean Medicine (KM) and filgrastim on neutropenia.Methods: A total of 336 subjects were included, with 167 in the only filgrastim treatment group and 169 in the filgrastim with KM treatment group. Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) was calculated by multiplying the white blood cell count by the total percentage of neutrophils. ANC was observed on the day of filgrastim and up to 6 days with hospital medical records.Results: The clinical characteristics of the participants in the filgrastim with KM treatment group tended to have higher age. Comparing the two groups, by the linear mixed-effects model, ANC mean was significantly different on the 3rd day. A linear mixed effect model was performed to estimate difference in slope of ANC over time after treatment between the two groups. The slope difference was significant in neutropenia grade 3 patients. The mean of ANC increment after initial treatment tends to increase with the number of days of KM treatment but not statistically significant. During the follow-up period, the average blood levels of patients in the filgrastim with KM treatment group were within the normal range.Conclusions: The combination treatment with filgrastim and KM can be effective for patients with neutropenia.
Safety assessment of Gami-daebo-tang gagambang used for treating stroke sequelae
Authors: Hwang Sung-Min , Jo Sung-Young , Kim Su-Yeong , Nho Jong-Hyun
Published: December 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate wheter Gami-daebo-tang gagambang, commonly used for treating stroke sequelae, induces acute toxicity or genetoxicity.Methods: Gami-daebo-tang gagambang contains that the root of Angelica gigas Nakai inducing acute headache and weakness, and the rhizome of Cnidium officinale MAKINO, an herb with potential teratogenicity. Teratogenicity is closely associated with genotoxicity. We analyzed whether Gami-daebo-tang gagambang induces acute toxicity and genotoxicity in accordance with Korean non-clinical test standards and OECD test guidelines TG471, TG473, TG474.Results: When male and female rats were given a single dose of Gami-daebo-tang gagambang, no toxic effects or organ damage were observed at dosages reaching 2,500 mg/kg. The bacterial reverse mutation assay showed no evidence of DNA mutations at concentrations up to 5,000 μg/plate. In vitro studies indicated that Gami-daebo-tang gagambang did not cause structural or numerical chromosomal aberrations at concentrations as high as 2,000 μg/mL. Moreover, animal studies demonstrated that the substance did not induce bone marrow toxicity or the formation of micronuclei in erythrocytes at doses up to 2,000 mg/kg.Conclusions: The studies conducted with different models showed that Gami-daebo-tang gagambang did not cause acute toxicity or genotoxicity. This study provides evidence for the safety of Gami-daebo-tang gagambang in terms of acute toxicity and genotoxicity, supporting its potential safe application in treating stroke sequelae.
Bojungikgi-tang for Anorexia in Colorectal Cancer Patients after Curative Resection and Chemotherapy: A Single-arm, Open-label, Single-center Trial
Authors: Cho Im-Hak , Son Gyung Mo , Choi Jun-Yong , Shin Hyeun Kyoo , Kim Soyeon
Published: December 2024

Objectives: This study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of Bojungikgi-tang for colorectal cancer patients with anorexia.Methods: This was a single-arm, open-label, and single-center trial, and suitable participants took the test drug (Bojungikgi-tang) three times a day before or between meals for six weeks (42 days). After registration of clinical trials (visit 2), they visited the hospital every three weeks (visits 3 and 4) and measured or tested the effectiveness or safety evaluation variables to analyze the results. The primary outcome was the anorexia/cachexia subscale (A/CS) of functional assessment of anorexia/cachexia therapy (FAACT) score.Results: Eleven colorectal cancer patients were included in the ITT analysis. Colorectal cancer patients had significantly higher A/CS of FAACT scores after six weeks of Bojungikgi-tang administration compared to that at the baseline (p=0.0006). In the secondary outcomes, functional assessment of cancer therapy for patients with colorectal cancer (FACT-C) (p=0.0343) and the VAS score of anorexia (p<0.0001) showed a significant improvement after six weeks of treatment. No serious adverse events were associated with Bojungikgi-tang in colorectal cancer patients.Conclusion: Bojungikgi-tang can be an effective and safe treatment for anorexia in colorectal cancer patients after curative resection and chemotherapy.
Insects found in different ages of coconut viridis variety in Sri Tiga Village, Banyuasin District, South Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: ANGGRAINI ERISE , SINAGA TESSIA MASNITA , IRSAN CHANDRA , HERLINDA SITI , MUSLIM AHMAD , HAMIDSON HARMAN , SEFRILA MARLIN , KURNIANINGSIH ASTUTI , ARYANI DESI , ANTONI MIRZA , IKHSAN ZAHLUL
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Anggraini E, Sinaga TM, Irsan C, Herlinda S, Muslim A, Hamidson H, Sefrila M, Kurnianingsih A, Aryani D, Antoni M, Ikhsan Z. 2024. Insects found in different ages of coconut viridis variety in Sri Tiga Village, Banyuasin District, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2637-2647. Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is a high-value export commodity and has promising potential on the global market. The existence of insect species is very important in coconut cultivation. The coexistence of insects and plants is interconnected because plants provide habitat and food sources for insects. However, the correlation between plants and insects still needs to be discovered to many people. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of insect biodiversity in an environment is important to be carried out. This study revealed the structure of the insect community associated with coconut plants and weeds around coconut trees. Therefore, this is a novel and pioneering study that aims to determine the insects associated with coconut plants. This study was conducted by surveying community-owned coconut plantations in Sri Tiga Village, Sumber Marga Telang Sub-district, Banyuasin District, South Sumatera, Indonesia. The observation was carried out during July and September of 2023. The data-gathering process involved identifying three coconut plantations with varying ages of coconut trees (8, 5, and 2 years old). Data collection was carried out using the purposive sampling method by direct observations and using traps such as insect nets, light traps, and pheromone traps. Collected specimens were identified using a microscope in the Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Plant Pests and Disease, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sriwijaya. The results of this study found 12 insect species in coconut trees, namely Oryctes rhinoceros Linnaeus 1758, Aspidiotus sp., Nipaecoccus nipae Maskell 1893, Aleurocanthus sp., Apis cerana Fabricius 1793, Cotesia congregata Say 1836, Dolichoderus thoracicus Smith 1860, Oecophylla smaragdina Fabricus 1775, Provespa sp., Pteroma pendula de Joannis 1929, Metura sp., Metisa plana Walker 1883. The predominant insect pests identified were Aspidiotus sp., N. nipae, and Aleurocanthus sp. Furthermore, the most predominant insects that served as insect scavengers were Polyrhachis sp. and O. smaragdina. Meanwhile, in the weeds around coconut trees, there were found six insect species, namely Aulacophora lewisii Baly 1866, Eumorphus westwoodi Guérin 1858, Mactrotermes sp., Conocephalus sp., Dianemobius sp., and Tettigidea sp.
Ethnobotany of traditional medicine in Akit Tribe, Teluk Setimbul Village, Karimun District, Indonesia
Authors: DEWI TISRIN MAULINA , SUMARNI WORO , HANDAYANI LANGLANG , MUHIRI MUHIRI
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Dewi TM, Sumarni W, Handayani L, Muhiri. 2024. Ethnobotany of traditional medicine in Akit Tribe, Teluk Setimbul Village, Karimun District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2696-2704. The Akit Tribe has long been using indigenous knowledge of medicinal herbs for their purposes. Unfortunately, due to their wasteful lifestyle, lack of written records, and oral transmission of knowledge, the Akit Tribe's native wisdom is today in danger of disappearing. This study aims to document traditional medicinal plants used by the Akit Tribe. The research approach used is descriptive qualitative using a field survey. Informants were selected using the purposive sampling method. The informants interviewed consisted of the main resource person (customary leader), key resource person (shaman), and individuals knowledgeable in the identification and collection of medicinal plants. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews and participatory observations. Data analysis used descriptive qualitative. This study obtained 40 plants from 23 families used for traditional medicine of the Akit Tribe, were with the Zingiberaceae family as the most widely used family (5 species). The parts of the plant used by the Akit Tribe for treatment are leaves, roots, stems, fruits, flakes, rhizomes, and the whole plant with leaves being the most widely used part of the plant (19 species). The way of processing medicinal plants is also still considered simple, processing by boiling and then drinking is the most widely used. This research has significant implications for cultural preservation, biodiversity conservation, pharmacological research, socio-economic development, public health, and education. It serves as a critical step in safeguarding the traditional knowledge of the Akit Tribe while also exploring its potential contributions to wider fields.
Short Communication: Records of Java mouse-deer (Tragulus javanicus Gmelin, 1788) in the Cisokan forest patches, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: MEGANTARA ERRI NOVIAR , HUSODO TEGUH , KENDARTO DWI RUSTAM , MUTAQIN ASEP ZAINAL , WITHANINGSIH SUSANTI , WULANDARI INDRI , SHANIDA SYA SYA , FEBRIANTO PUPUT , HENDRAWAN RANDI
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Megantara EN, Husodo T, Kendarto DR, Mutaqin AZ, Withaningsih S, Wulandari I, Shanida SS, Febrianto P, Hendrawan R. 2024. Short Communication: Records of Java mouse-deer (Tragulus javanicus Gmelin, 1788) in the Cisokan forest patches, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2713-2719. Mammals are bioindicators in terrestrial ecosystems due to their influence on the conservation of other species and in maintaining ecosystem balance, such as the Java mouse-deer (Tragulus javanicus Gmelin, 1788), which contributes to seed disperser on the forest floor. Information on the presence of Java mouse-deer is still limited to mammalian diversity studies; therefore, little information focuses on Java mouse-deer studies, especially in the non-conservation areas and infrastructure development areas, such as the Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage (UCPS) development in the Cianjur and West Bandung Districts. This study aims to reveal the presence of Java mouse-deer in the UCPS hydropower development area, West Java. The studies were conducted in February 2017, August 2020, and September 2022. Sign survey, camera trapping, and literature review were applied to this study. Java mouse-deer was found for ten years in the UCPS area. Java mouse-deer was found both directly and indirectly (footprints and feces). Java mouse-deer were discovered in 2012, 2017, 2020, and 2022 in the UCPS area. This species was found in the secondary forest (forest patches), shrubs, mixed gardens, and plantations. This species was most abundant in shrubs and mixed gardens near paddy fields with high levels of human activity. In shrub areas, the topography tends to be cliffy with a dense canopy, making it difficult for humans to pass. Shrub cover is dominated by calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus Meisn.), wild sugarcane (Saccharum spontaneum L.), siam weed (Eupatorium odoratum L.), and billygoat-weed (Ageratum conyzoides L.). Java mouse-deer have been encountered for ten years. Agricultural and construction activities affect the opportunities to encounter the species. Longer-term monitoring of the densities will be essential to reveal the population of Java mouse-deer and how its distribution impacted the development of hydropower plants.
Fano resonance and exceptional point enhanced sensing in a grating coupled heterostructure
Authors: Liu Wenrui , Liu Qingjie , Zuo Ning , Li Tong
Published: December 2024

Fano resonance line shape performs ultrasensitive sensing characteristics as its ultrahigh quality factor. Here, we theoretically investigate the sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM) of a novel, to our knowledge, multilayered heterostructure as a sensor. The heterostructure is non-Hermitian and composed of one layer of gold grating, multilayer polyethylene, and polymethyl methacrylate. The rigorous coupled wave analysis method (RCWA) is used to investigate the reflection characteristics of the structure. Interference between the “dark mode,” excited by the grating, and the “bright mode,” excited by the central layers, produces Fano resonance in the forward reflection spectra. Adjustment on the structure parameters can reduce the valley value of the Fano peak to zero, giving rise to scattering exceptional points (EPs). At the wavelength of the EP, the ambient temperature and mechanical stress fluctuations will lift the reflection, available for sensing signal. The sensitivity is higher than that of the structure without Fano peaks and EPs. Moreover, we use the spectral shift for refractive index sensing with a FOM exceeding 200RIU−1.
Temperature-insensitive liquid level sensor based on a U-shaped cascade core-offset structure
Authors: Wang Muhua , Tong Zhengrong , Zhang Weihua , Wang Xue , Liu Danyang
Published: December 2024

A sensor based on a U-shaped cascade core-offset structure is proposed for liquid level measurement. The cladding modes are more easily excited by the core-offset structures. The U-shaped structure leads to more energy leakage into the cladding, making the sensor more sensitive to changes in the external environment. During the experiment, fiber optic liquid level sensors with different offsets are fabricated to study the liquid level sensitivities of these sensors. The experimental results show that the liquid level sensitivity is as high as 505.4 pm/mm in the range of 0–20 mm, while the sensor exhibits insensitive characteristics in the temperature range of 20–70°C. In addition, the sensor has the advantages of high sensitivity, low cost, and compactness, which make it ideal for use as a liquid level sensor in petrochemical and other applications.
Improvement in the Sagnac-loop laser frequency stabilization
Authors: Hasegawa Taro
Published: December 2024

The laser frequency stability locked to the D2 transition of 85Rb at 780 nm using a Doppler-free Sagnac-loop stabilization scheme has been improved. In a previous work [J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 40, 667 (2023)JOBPDE0740-322410.1364/JOSAB.482223], changes in birefringence at the absorption cell windows, influenced by the cell temperature, and in the rubidium vapor, affected by magnetic field fluctuations, significantly influenced the laser frequency stability. By aligning the polarization, the short-term stability (<10s) of the locked laser frequency was improved; however, the long-term stability remained unaffected. We attribute this long-term stability to temperature-induced changes in the optical path length of the wave plates. By removing the wave plates from the setup, the long-term stability has been successfully improved.