bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impactos das limitações epistêmicas sobre sustentabilidade nas ações do PRONAF na porção sudeste do Pará
Authors: Silva Luis Mauro Santos , Martins Sérgio Roberto
Published: July 2017

Uma das mudanças nas recentes políticas sociais ligadas ao contexto agrário brasileiro é o reconhecimento da agricultura familiar como categoria estratégica no novo processo de desenvolvimento rural brasileiro. No entanto, as dificuldades metodológicas e de percepção de sua heterogeneidade sócio-ambiental limitam a efetividade das políticas públicas, particularmente do Pronaf. No porção Sudeste do Pará, Amazônia brasileira, os avanços no processo de regularização fundiária não têm refletido nos investimentos produtivos. Alguns fatores reforçam uma visão descontextualizada de sustentabilidade que se limita, geralmente, à dimensão econômica. Entre eles se destacam os entraves na liberação dos recursos disponíveis, o desequilíbrio na distribuição desses recursos, o engessamento burocrático das agências financiadoras e a falta de uma visão sistêmica e de percepção integral dos agroecossistemas pelos agentes de desenvolvimento. O presente artigo chama a atenção para a necessidade de abordar o tema da sustentabilidade para além do aspecto econômico e não mais conceber a sustentabilidade como "ponto de chegada". O caminho escolhido foi tentar compreender o desenvolvimento sustentável como um processo, rumo à construção de sua nova episteme. Tanto do ponto de vista teórico quanto metodológico esse é um desafio imprescindível de ser enfrentado.
A identificação da demanda numa pesquisa sobre mecanização na transamazônica
Authors: Schmitz Heribert , Simões Aquiles Vasconcelos
Published: July 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir uma experiência vivenciada por agricultores e pesquisadores, no processo de construção da demanda de intensificação da produção de culturas anuais como proposta à redução do desmatamento na Transamazônica. Nesta situação, o elemento-chave era a mecanização encarada pelos agricultores como a solução e pelos pesquisadores com um fator de problemas à fertilidade do solo. Os desencontros entre os dois tipos de compreensão evoluiu para uma interação em que a experimentação foi palco de verificação das incertezas. Como resultado constatou-se que apenas através da ação comum e do tempo compartilhado no âmbito de uma pesquisa-ação apareceram os verdadeiros motivos dos agricultores e a demanda real.
O discurso sobre o desenvolvimento sustentável nas organizações de trabalhadores rurais: uma reflexão a partir dos documentos da CONTAG
Authors: Assis William Santos de
Published: July 2017

A participação dos trabalhadores rurais na definição de uma estratégia de desenvolvimento para o país tem crescido nas últimas décadas. Por meio de suas organizações esses trabalhadores lutaram décadas seguidas pelo reconhecimento político e pela credibilidade de opinar sobre os rumos do desenvolvimento. A Confederação Nacional do Trabalhadores na Agricultura (Contag) desempenhou um papel relevante à medida que reinvidicava mudanças na legislação e nas políticas de desenvolvimento. Considerados atrasados, os agricultores, principalmente os de pequeno porte, não participavam nas esferas de tomada de decisão em relação à políticas públicas de desenvolvimento. A partir da década de noventa o segmento do sindicalismo de trabalhadores rurais ligado a Contag, desenvolveu um discurso sistemático sobre o desenvolvimento nacional incluindo elementos multidimensionais influenciados pela tríade social, econômica e ambiental. O sistema Contag, pela sua dimensão e importância, se constitui em um dos atores fundamentais na luta pela implementação de um projeto de desenvolvimento mais equânime, com base na sustentabilidade, o que não nega o papel e a importância de outros atores.
Impactos do PRONAF no sudeste paraense: avaliação da sustentabilidade de agroecossistemas familiares
Authors: Silva Luis Mauro Santos , Martins Sérgio Roberto
Published: July 2017

O Território Sudeste do Estado do Pará mantém a agricultura familiar como sua categoria social mais representativa. Ao longo das últimas três décadas, esta região assumiu o caráter de fronteira agrícola amazônica e sua ocupação se deu através de políticas de incentivos fiscais, sendo estas indutoras de uma forte dinâmica de desmatamento e ocupação empresarial via pecuária extensiva. A partir da década de 1990, uma nova política agrária assegurou significativo volume de recursos dedicados exclusivamente a esta categoria social. O presente estudo reflete sobre as dimensões social, ambiental e técnico-econômica das unidades familiares, tomando como contexto do ambiente do assentamento rural sob a égide da atual política agrária nacional. A unidade de estudo assumida é o agroecossistema familiar. O MESMIS (Marco de Avaliação de Sistemas de Manejo Incorporando Indicadores de Sustentabilidade) norteou a análise mediante um conceito de sustentabilidade contruído a partir de uma noçã dos atores envolvidos no contexto local (técnicos e famílias assentadas). Dentre os melhores desempenhos observados, se destaca a opção pela diversidade de atividades produtivas. Os agroecossistemas mais frágeis estão associados a uma continuidade da pecuária extensiva como projeto familiar, reproduzindo a necessidade progressiva do desmatamento da novas áreas.
Impactos das novas representações de qualidade alimentar sobre as dinâmicas territoriais e a cafeicultura familiar do sul de Minas Gerais
Authors: Marques Paulo Eduardo Moruzzi , Silveira Miguel Ângelo da
Published: July 2017

Fundado sobre um estudo das relações entre dinâmicas territoriais. agricultura e sociedade, este artigo apresenta uma experiência em torno da cafeicultura familiar sul mineira, em meio a diferentes modelos em concorrência referentes a concepções dos sistemas agroalimentares.Nos últimos anos, a cafeicultura apresentou uma revalorização graças à construção e diversos projetos e oportunidades, especialmente orientados para o fortalecimento da agricultura familiar, a promoção da alimentação de qualidade e a preservação ambiental. No sul de Minas Gerais, estas circunstâncias permitem a emergência de iniciativas promissoras para a constituição de referências alternativas de qualidade frentes ao modelo agroalimentar dominante no Brasil, no qual o papel da agricultura se resume À produção abundante de commodities indiferenciadas.
Processo de tomada de decisão e a racionalidade administrativa na mudança do sistema de produção convencional para o de base ecológica na agricultura familiar
Authors: Reichert Lírio José , Gomes Mário Conill
Published: July 2017

O processo administrativo passa pela tomada de decisões e para isto são necessários critérios e racionalidade para tomá-las corretamente. O processo decisório é influenciado pelos meios socioeconômicos e ambiental, cujos elementos nem sempre podem ser quantificados por métodos simplificados. Neste trabalho, foram contextualizados os aspectos decisionais de 20 agricultores familiares entrevistados, que decidiram mudar do sistema de produção convencional para o de base ecológica. Os dados apurados apontam para questões relacionadas à falta de mercado, baixa rentabilidade, problemas de saúde, preocupações com o meio ambiente e a quase totalidade buscou a diversificação da produção, a inserção no mercado e cuidados com a saúde e meio ambiente como alternativas sustentáveis nas dimenões ecnonômicas, social e ambiental. Neste sentido, a agroecologia surgiu como alternativa para um grupo de agricultores familiares que, há mais de quinze anos, se organizou e se estruturou para a mudança da matriz produtiva com enfoque agroecológico e ação participativa.
Avaliação da Sustentabilidade na Pesca Artesanal: O caso de Tramandaí-RS
Authors: Cotrim Décio
Published: July 2017

A pesca artesanal é uma atividade tradicional que, na atualidade, sofre profundas transformações a partir da ampliação do turismo em seu espaço territorial. Esse estudo enfocou o município de Tramandaí-RS, com 600 famílias de pescadores, que viveu grandes transformações nos últimos trinta anos. A pesquisa está pautada no referencial teórico da Agroecologia e adaptou o método MESMIS para analisar a sustentabilidade na pesca. Osresultados apontaram a existência de tipologias de pescadores com riscos de desorganização,apresentando elementos sociais, econômicos e ambientais para a questão. Por outro lado,exibiu famílias estáveis e com indicadores de sustentabilidades harmônicos, pautados pelamontagem de estratégias de reprodução social adaptadas à realidade atual.
Resumos de Dissertações
Authors: Pinto Sandolene Do Socorro Ramos , Chaves Genisson Paes , De Sousa Rafaela Sales , Pedrini Anderson Luis Rocha , Sousa Fagner Freires de , Santos Luiz Carlos Bastos , Silva Edfranklin Moreira da , Ribeiro Laiane Bezerra
Published: July 2017

Resumos de dissertações defendidas no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agriculturas Amazônicas / PPGAA / NCADR / UFPA no ano de 2016.
Symptomatic arterial hypertension associated with primary hyperaldosteronism
Authors: Kalyagin A. N. , Beloborodov V. A. , Maksikova T. M.
Published: July 2017

Objective.Primary hyperaldosteronism (PGA) (Conn’s syndrome) is a relatively rare phenomenon in therapeutic practice, occurring in 4,7–9%. In resistant hypertension (HTN) the rate of PGA achieves 10–20%. Often it results from the aldosterone-producing adrenal tumors and manifests by symptomatic HTN, neuromuscular, and renal symptoms. We present the cases of successful verification and surgical treatment of PGA. HTN patients and patients with rhabdomyolysis symptoms (increased creatine phosphokinase or lactate dehydrogenase) require further examination to exclude PGA.
Norepinephrine-secreting paraganglioma: a clinical case
Authors: Barsukov A. V. , Korneychuk N. N. , Pesikin I. N. , Gordienko A. V. , Khubulava G. G.
Published: July 2017

Among the rare causes of secondary hypertension pheochromocytoma is traditionally considered. It represents a chromaffin tumor of the adrenal glands. Paraganglioma is an extra-adrenal chromaffinoma. High blood pressure due to the neurohormonal excess accelerates target organ damage. Variable manifestations of pheochromocytoma/paragangliomaclinical make more difficult timely diagnosis and dictate the need of multidisciplinary approach. We present a clinical case of norepinephrine-secreting retroperitoneal paraganglioma in a middle-aged female. An integrated approach to the diagnosis and the assessment of target organ damage is suggested. The features of renin status are highlighted. The case also demonstrates appropriate dynamics of the cardiovascular parameters, neurohormonal regulation of blood circulation, and carbohydrate metabolism after successful surgical treatment of chromaffin tumor.
Fixed combinations of perindopril and indapamide in hypertensive high-risk patients: antihypertensive efficacy
Authors: Korennova O. Yu. , Druk I. V. , Turusheva E. A. , Prihodko E. P. , Podolnaya S. P. , Savchenko M. V. , Starinskaya S. N.
Published: July 2017

Objective.The aim of the study was to compare the antihypertensive efficacy of fixed combinations of perindopril and indapamide in patients with arterial hypertension (HTN) and high cardiovascular risk.Design and methods.We included 65 patients with 1–2 degree of HTN who had not taken the studied drugs before: either perindopril arginine / indapamide 10 mg + 2,5 mg, n = 35), or indapamide / perindopril erbumine K 2,5 mg + 8 mg, n = 30). Clinical efficacy of antihypertensive therapy was evaluated at three different time points. We assessed objective clinical status, blood biochemistry, office blood pressure (BP), and parameters of daily monitoring of BP (MBP).Results.Perindopril arginine plus indapamide vs indapamide plus perindopril erbumine K after 4 and after 12 weeks shows higher antihypertensive effect regarding office BP and provides significantly better control of the daily BP profile based on the MBP results. Therefore, MBP is required in HTN high-risk patients who take indapamide / perindopril erbuminе K in order to assess the reduction in nighttime BP, independently of achieving target office BP values.
Aprendendo a transformar plantas medicinais em fitoterápicos seguros
Authors: Rodrigues Marili Villa Nova , Oliveira Adriana da Silva Santos , Lourenço Jaqueline Oliveira de Paula , Pereira Benicio , Rodrigues Rodney Alexandre Ferreira , Figueira Glyn Mara
Published: July 2017

Com o passar dos anos, devido ao envelhecimento do organismo é bem comum o aparecimento de diversas patologias, onde o papel do uso de fitoterápicos e plantas medicinais (PM’s) é de grande relevância, principalmente para grande parcela de idosos. Entretanto, sua utilização indiscriminada pode ocasionar danos severos à saúde, sobretudo para grupos mais suscetíveis, como o dos idosos. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi conscientizar um grupo de idosos de Paulínia/SP sobre os riscos associados ao uso indiscriminado e inadequado de PM´s, através de palestras, visitas à laboratórios de pesquisa e aulas práticas de manipulação de fitoterápicos, onde foram produzidas formulações de xaropes, cremes anti-inflamatório, cicatrizante e repelente, além de práticas demonstrativas da obtenção de extratos, tinturas e extração de óleo essencial (OE) e algumas técnicas de controle de qualidade. O grupo aprendeu sobre a complexidade e o desafio do estudo com PM´s, destacando conceitos importantes quanto a aquisição, conservação, extração e controle de qualidade, além de orientações sobre o uso consciente de fitoterápicos e PMs. Aplicações dos OE’s nos ramos farmacêutico, cosmético, domissanitário e alimentício também foram exemplificadas através de aulas práticas. Desta forma, este projeto permitiu a inserção do grupo de idosos no contexto multidisciplinar das plantas medicinais e a troca mútua de conhecimentos e experiências entre os alunos envolvidos e o grupo de idosos.
Perfil dos pacientes atendidos em um serviço de transporte aeromédico privado
Authors: Fuim Edson Fernando
Published: July 2017

Os serviços de transporte aeromédico exigem cada vez mais profissionais qualificados e especializados, em especial enfermeiros treinados e experientes na assistência a pacientes graves. Reconhecer o perfil dos pacientes aerorremovidos pode auxiliar o enfermeiro no conhecimento das tecnologias utilizadas e a realizar uma assistência especializada. Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, descrito, transversal e quantitativo, a respeito dos atendimentos realizados em um serviço de transporte aeromédico privado. A metodologia utilizada foi a coleta de dados referentes a fichas de atendimentos, realizados entre os anos de 2006 e 2009, contendo as seguintes variáveis: regime da solicitação do transporte; motivo da solicitação de transporte; tipo de aeronave utilizada; sexo e idade dos pacientes; etiologia do agravo; cidade de destino do paciente aerorremovido e características dos hospitais de destino. Foram identificados 125 atendimentos, cuja principal clientela foi os pacientes do sexo masculino (65,6%) e os idosos (60%). Os agravos de etiologia clínica foram os que ocorreram em maior número (70,4%). No estudo, é predominante a solicitação particular (70,4%) e o principal motivo de solicitação é a transferência inter-hospitalar ou para hospital de maior complexidade (86,4%). Os voos foram executados em maior número em aeronaves de asa fixa (69,6%). A cidade de São Paulo foi o principal destino dos vôos (84%) e os hospitais privados receberam a maioria dos pacientes aerorremovidos (81,6%). O estudo demonstrou que o paciente atendido em um serviço de transporte aeromédico privado apresenta um perfil muito próprio, porém representativo se comparado ao padrão de morbimortalidade de nosso país.
Casa do educador: programa valores e atitudes
Authors: Souza Carla Magalhães
Published: July 2017

O Programa VALORES E ATITUDES é um trabalho que contribui com os educadores e seus familiares para uma reflexão sobre sua vida na comunidade e no exercício da cidadania, ou seja, uma educação voltada aos VALORES por meio de ATITUDES. O trabalho também promove nos indivíduos envolvidos, a conscientização para uma gestão de qualidade de vida, mesmo em pequenas ações, que valorize o trabalho como local prazeroso e com respeito ao próximo. Assim, o Programa tem como objetivo geral trabalhar em conjunto com as ações oferecidas na Casa do Educador, por meio de uma gestão participativa para nossos educadores e familiares, tendo como prioridade fatores da realidade da sociedade atual. O Programa VALORES E ATITUDES será realizado por meio de trabalho em conjunto com as ações da Casa do Educador, a fim de direcionar atividades relacionadas à temática em busca de uma gestão para qualidade de vida e um planejamento participativo pelos educadores. Por meio de visitas poderá ser realizadas parcerias para promover ações, tais como: encontros, atividades, dinâmicas de grupos, filmes, reflexões, discussões, gincanas, apresentações, recreações, exposições. As ações principais que serão desenvolvidas são: 1) alimentação saudável; 2) atividade física; 3) qualidade de vida; 4) interdisciplinaridade na promoção de estilos de vida saudáveis; 5) promoção da saúde; 6) ginástica geral. Dessa forma, para que se garanta a efetividade do programa antes dele acontecer, será realizada uma avaliação por meio das fichas com as propostas encaminhadas para Casa do Educador e também das ações oferecidas.
A importância estratégica da gestão da informação na doação de sangue e medula óssea
Authors: Almeida Carlos Caetano , Moraes Willian Jurovschi de , Nicoluci Misael Victor , Ortolano Fernando , Silva Fabiana Aparecida da , Santos Michael dos , Santos Ricardo de Souza
Published: July 2017

No mundo todo pessoas necessitam de transfusão de sangue por diversos motivos, a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) estima que nos países desenvolvidos uma a cada dez pessoas que entra em um hospital necessita de uma transfusão de sangue e em países subdesenvolvidos essa proporção é muito maior. No Brasil apenas 1,8% da população é doador de sangue, número distante do percentual considerado ideal pela OMS que é de 3% a 5%, esse número é preocupante. Este trabalho propõe a melhoria continua da gestão de serviços públicos relacionados à doação de sangue e medula óssea. Através de pesquisa da análise de gestão do estoque dos produtos que se originam do processamento do sangue e também através da análise das estratégias para a fidelização de novos doadores e da manutenção de doadores já fidelizados, tendo como objetivo a criação e implementação de um sistema que opera facilitando o dimensionamento dos estoques de hemocomponentes de forma a equalizar a demanda, a oferta, a previsão de demanda e também otimizar a comunicação entre pacientes, REDOMES e Hemocentros.
Motivos de adesão à prática de atividade física em mulheres
Authors: Zamai Carlos Aparecido , Peres Cláudia Maria , Queiroz Camila Martins de , Reis Gabriela C. Dos
Published: July 2017

A atividade física é indicada como alternativa para minimizar as alterações decorrentes do avanço da idade, além disso, considerando que os declínios fisiológicos na vida do ser humano iniciam-se na meia-idade e se acentua com o passar dos anos. O presente estudo teve por objetivo averiguar os motivos que atraem mulheres de diversas faixas etárias a frequentarem grupos de prática de atividade física no Programa Mexa-se Unicamp. Foram avaliadas 78 mulheres (servidoras da Unicamp) que frequentam as atividades do referido programa. Os dados foram plotados no programa Microsoft Office Excel 2010. Verificou-se através dos resultados que os principais motivos que atraem esse grupo a prática de atividade física são: melhora/manutenção do estado de saúde (90%), melhora da qualidade de vida (86%), aumento do bem-estar geral (81%) e a prevenção de doenças (82%). Entretanto, outros fatores como emagrecimento (26%), ocupar o tempo livre (31%), evitar a solidão (28%) e por indicações médicas (27%) também contribuem na adesão de grupos e programas de atividades físicas. Conclui-se neste estudo que as avaliadas estão preocupadas com a sua saúde em geral e outros fatores importantes, os quais contribuem para a adesão e permanência a programas de atividade física de maneira geral.
Scientific Cum Doctriner Approach: A Collaborative Perspective in Islamic Studies
Authors: Winarso Widodo
Published: July 2017

Islam is not a mono-dimensional religion, therefore studying Islam with all its aspects is not enough with the scientific method, ie philosophical, human, historical, sociological methods. Likewise, understanding Islam with all its aspects can not be-be doctrinaire. A scientific and doctrinal approach should be used together (Scientific Cum Doctrine).
TRANSFORMASI REGULASI SERTIFIKASI LEGALITAS KAYU
Authors: Nurkomariyah Siti , Firdaus Muhammad , Nurrochmat Dodik Ridho
Published: July 2017

Mandatory Sistem Verifikasi Legalitas Kayu (SVLK) menjadi non tarif barrier yang dibuat oleh pemerintah. Seluruh produk kayu tidak dapat menembus semua pasar ekspor jika tidak memiliki sertifikat legalitas kayu dan dokumen v-legal. Deregulasi  menimbulkan kerisauan bagi industri furnitur kayu. Tarik ulur regulasi menunjukkan ketidakkonsistenan pemerintah atas regulasi yang dibuatnya. Akibatnya, selama tujuh tahun ditetapkan kebijakan ini  belum memberikan dampak signifikan bagi peningkatan daya saing industri furnitur kayu. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan transformasi regulasi yang lebih implementatif dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan industri. Hasil kajian menyatakan bahwa pemerintah perlu melakukan evaluasi implementasi SVLK secara menyeluruh dengan melibatkan industri dan seluruh stakeholder kehutanan. Pemerintah juga harus melakukan deregulasi antara lain dengan cara menurunkan standar biaya sertifikasi dan menetapkan standar maksimum tarif sertifikasi yang diberlakukan lembaga verifikasi (LV). Mandatory SVLK khusus pasar Uni Eropa dan niche market yang dilandasi dengan voluntary partnership agreement (VPA) seperti halnya yang dilakukan dengan Uni Eropa.
Comparison of Computational Fluid Dynamics and Experimental Power Output of a Micro Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine
Authors: Nikhade Sanjay , Kongre Suhas , Thakre S. B. , Khandare S. S.
Published: July 2017

This paper presents a combined experimental and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation of Micro wind Turbine with 2.28 meters rotor Diameter is performed using the FLUENT 16.2 WORKBENCH. A Micro Horizontal Axis Three Blade Wind Turbine was designed, developed and tested for power performance on new airfoil AFN2016 Designed. The three blades were fabricated from glass fiber with a rotor swept area of 3.14 sq.m for the 1-meter length of the blade and angle of attack experimentally determined to be 5º.The blade is designed for tip speed ratio (TSR) of 7. The power out measured for wind speed from 3.0m/s to 9.0 m/s. The comparison of the CFD and experimental results on the relationship between the power obtained and the wind speed of the wind turbine at the wind from 3-9 m/s. It can be clearly seen that the experimental data match quite well again with the numerical analysis and they both demonstrated that the power of wind turbine increasing with wind speed increases.
Application of Solar Thermal Energy for Medium Temperature Heating in Automobile Industry
Authors: Pathak Anagha , Deshpande Kiran , Jadkar Sandesh
Published: July 2017

There is a huge potential to deploy solar thermal energy in process heat applications in industrial sectors. Around 50 % of industrial heat demand is less than 250 °C which can be addressed through solar energy. The heat energy requirement of industries like automobile, auto ancillary, metal processing, food and beverages, textile, chemical, pharmaceuticals, paper and pulp, hospitality, and educational institutes etc. can be partially met with solar hybridization based solutions. The automobile industry is one of the large consumers of fossil fuel energy in the world. The automobile industry is major economic growth driver of India and has its 60 % fuel dependence on electricity and remaining on oil based products. With abundant area available on roof top, and need for medium temperature operation makes this sector most suitable for substitution of fossil fuel with renewable solar energy. Auto sector has requirement of heat in the temperature range of 80-140 oC or steam up to 2 bar pressure for various processes like component washing, degreasing, drying, boiler feed water preheating, LPG vaporization and cooling. This paper discusses use of solar energy through seamless integration with existing heat source for a few processes involved in automobile industries. Integration of the concentrated solar thermal technology (CST) with the existing heating system is discussed with a case study for commonly used processes in auto industry such as component washing, degreasing and phosphating. The present study is undertaken in a leading automobile plant in India. Component cleaning, degreasing and phosphating are important processes which are carried out in multiple water tanks of varying temperatures. Temperatures of tanks are maintained by electrical heaters which consumes substantial amount of electricity. Non-imaging solar collectors, also known as compound parabolic concentrators (CPC) are used for generation of hot water at required process temperature. The CPC are non-tracking collectors which concentrate diffuse and beam radiation to generate hot water at required temperature. The solar heat generation plant consists of CPC collectors, circulation pump and water storage tank with controls. The heat gained by solar collectors is transferred through the storage tank to the process. An electric heater is switched on automatically when the desired temperature cannot be reached during lower radiation level or during non-sunny hours/days. This solar heating system is designed with CPC collectors that generate process heating water as high as 90OC. It also seamlessly integrates with the existing system without compromising on its reliability, while reducing electricity consumption drastically. The system is commissioned in April, 2013 and since then it has saved ~ 1,75,000 units of electricity/year and in turn 164 MT of emission of CO2 annually.
Analysis of Housing Structures Made From Recycled Plastic
Authors: Gulhane Shreyas , Gulhane Sanjay
Published: July 2017

Due to rise in unleashed industrial development, our world is now engulfed by solid wastes. In that huge pile of wastes, plastic is one of the prime culprits for degrading our nature. The used plastics (which are not recycled) are either end up in oceans or landfills and continue to create environmental problems. On regular basis, thousands of tonnes of plastic waste is being created all around the world. In some cases, recycling plastic is costlier than using virgin plastic. Hence there is a necessity to create a situation in which adequate price for recycling plastic must come into play. Such type of situation can be created by using plastic as a primary construction material for small houses. The main objective of the study is to show how plastic as a construction material can reduce the stacks of junk plastic piles around the globe. Along with that how it can reduce the time and labor required for construction and also help to reduce the casualties during natural calamities like earthquake and to understand the ‘total plastic’ construction phenomenon with its advantages and disadvantages. Today there are some companies which are trying to use plastic as a primary construction material but none of them tried for the total plastic approach. The studies have shown that total plastic approach can eventually reduce the recycling and implementation costs of waste plastic, the time consumed and labor required for plastic recycling. Also to understand the actual practical situation of using plastic houses and required structure and method for shelters made out of such material were analyzed using FEA software. The problems like fireproofing and base development were also studied.
Light Weight Defense Mechanism Against Camera Based Attacks
Authors: Deshpande Supriya , Pattalwar Shirish , Lohiya Poonam
Published: July 2017

A number of android security and privacy vulnerabilities have been exposed in past several years. However, the mobile malware and privacy leakage remain a big threat to mobile phone security and privacy. It has been observed that phone camera would become a traitor in such attacks by capturing photos or videos secretly. Secret photography is not only immoral but also illegal due to invasion of privacy. Phone users themselves could also become victims and if the phone camera is exploited by malicious spy camera app, it may cause serious security and privacy problems. Most of the existing mobile antivirus apps are unable to monitor such camera based attacks. Hence, we demonstrate two camera based attacks through our proposal namely, Remote controlled real time monitoring Attack like Screen unlocking Attack, SMS Attack. We also propose a light weight defense scheme as a countermeasure for the camera attacks that can protect android phones against harmful spy Camera attacks.
Experimental Investigation of Combustion Characteristics of Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition Engine
Authors: Chaudhari R. R. , Gharde P. R.
Published: July 2017

In diesel compression ignition engine, simultaneous reduction of NOx and PM is extremely challenging task. The most favorable solution for this is HCCI. It is an impulsive auto ignition of very lean air fuel mixture at multiple sites. It has advantages of both CI and SI engines. It also gives higher thermal efficiency like CI engines, higher ROHR, minimum DOC and has no flame propagation and mainly it has simultaneous control over NOx as well as PM. The combustion of homogeneous mixture in HCCI combustion helps in reducing DOC because of higher ROHR. The present experiment is conducted on engine having two cylinders; they are made to operate on HCCI and conventional CI mode respectively. Both DI and PI systems were used simultaneously to investigate the performance characteristics. The toughest part is to prepare homogeneous mixture for combustion. As the diesel is a low volatile fuel, the preparation of homogeneous mixture is difficult therefore diesel vaporizer comes into picture. EGR is used to control the ROHR. To investigate the combustion characteristics experiment was performed at different relative air fuel ratios (λ). The DOC and ROHR is increases with increasing λ. EGR dilutes the homogeneous mixture and leads to minimum NOx emission by keeping maximum temperature in cylinder low. The increased boost pressure is responsible for short DOC and high rate of combustion. Also the indicated mean effective pressure is improved by 3% by DI method as compared to PI in HCCI.
The Internet of Things – Improving Customer Shopping Experience at Stores
Authors: Rajas Mayuri , Pund M. A.
Published: July 2017

The Internet of Things (IoT) has evolved from just being an experimental concept, and is now completely transforming the ways in which industries operate. Forbes calls the Internet of Things a giant network of connected things, with relationships between people and people, people and things, and things and things. We consider the problem of tracking physical browsing by users in indoor spaces such as retail stores[13]. Analogous to online browsing, where users choose to go to certain web pages, dwell on a subset of pages of interest to them, and click on links of interest while ignoring others, we can draw parallels in the physical setting, where a user might walk purposefully to a section of interest, dwell there for a while, gaze at specific items, and reach out for the ones that they wish to examine more closely. As our contribution, we design techniques to explore and track each of these elements of physical browsing using a combination of a smartphone shopping app which eases the customers' physical shopping experience and BLE beacons for [5]. We believe that access to physical browsing information of shoppers in retail stores can not only provide crucial insights into shoppers’ needs and interests but also reveal the effectiveness of the store layout itself.
Selected Al Alloy and Analyses of its Decrease Machinability
Authors: Sylvia Kusmierczak , Natasa Naprstkova
Published: July 2017

Aluminum alloys are frequently subjected to machining process and for this process is important their machinability, which depends on many factors. The Faculty of Production Technology and Management is often asked by companies with a request to solve a specific technical tasks. One of these tasks was the analysis of one specific aluminum alloy bath with worsened machinability. The rods from this alloy exhibited against assumption significantly worse chips during machining. That meant, of course, bad situation in area of machining tools. At the faculty were done analysis that could contribute to identifying the cause of the worsened machinability.
Potential of Shrouded Micro Wind Turbine
Authors: Sontakke Kishor , Deshmukh Samir , Patil Sandip
Published: July 2017

The growing demand for electrical energy for industrial and domestic use, coupled with the limited amount of available fossil fuel reserves and its negative effects on the environment, have made it necessary to seek alternative and renewable energy sources. The use of renewable energy is promoted worldwide to be less dependent on conventional fuels and nuclear energy. Therefore research in the field is motivated to increase efficiency of renewable energy systems. This study aimed to study potential of micro wind turbine and velocity profile through shroud for low wind speeds. Although there is a greater inclination to use solar panels because of the local weather conditions, there are some practical implications that have place the use of solar panels in certain areas to an end. The biggest problem is panel stealing. Also, in some parts of the country the weather is more appropriate to apply wind turbines. Thus, this study paying attention on the design of a new concept to improve wind turbines to be appropriate for the low wind speeds in India. The concept involves the implementation of a concentrator and diffuser to a wind turbine, to increase the power coefficient. Although the wind turbine was not tested for starting speeds, the realization of the shroud should contribute to improved starting of the wind turbine at lower wind speeds. The configuration were not manufactured, but simulated with the use of a program to obtain the power production of the wind turbine over a range of wind speeds. These values were compared to measured results of an open wind turbine developed. The most important topic at hand when dealing with a shrouded wind turbine is to find out if the overall diameter or the blade diameter of the turbine should be the point of reference. As the wind turbine is situated in a shroud that has a larger diameter than the turbine blades, some researchers believe that the overall diameter should be used to calculate the efficiency. The benefits of shrouded wind turbines are discussed.
Relationship Between Age and Rotator Cuff Retear
Authors: Diebold Georgia , Lam Patrick , Walton Judie , Murrell George A.C.
Published: July 2017

Background:

The prevalence of rotator cuff tears increases with age, and many patients undergo surgical repair. Retears are not uncommon, with rates ranging between 9% and 36% in recent studies, and are a major concern. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between patient age and the chance of healing following rotator cuff repair.

Methods:

This was a retrospective cohort study of patients who had undergone arthroscopic rotator cuff repair performed by a single surgeon. All patients had an ultrasound performed by a musculoskeletal sonographer 6 months after rotator cuff repair to assess the repair integrity.

Results:

The cohort of 1,600 patients was normally distributed in terms of age, with a mean age (and standard error of the mean) of 59 ± 0.3 years and a range of 15 to 91 years. The 212 patients (13%) who had a retear at 6 months were also normally distributed in terms of age, with a mean age of 65 ± 0.8 years and a range of 15 to 88 years. The retear rate in patients <50 years old was 5%. This increased to 10% in patients aged 50 to 59 years, 15% in those aged 60 to 69 years, 25% in those aged 70 to 79 years, and 34% in those aged ≥80 years. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that patient age was an independent factor strongly associated with retears.

Conclusions:

The rate of rotator cuff retears is low in patients <50 years of age. The relationship between age and rotator cuff retears is linear in patients 50 to 69 years of age, with an increase of 5% between decades, and increases substantially in patients ≥70 years old.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Influence of Shortening on Clinical Outcome in Healed Displaced Midshaft Clavicular Fractures After Nonoperative Treatment
Authors: Goudie E.B. , Clement N.D. , Murray I.R. , Lawrence C.R. , Wilson M. , Brooksbank A.J. , Robinson C.M.
Published: July 2017

Background:

We aimed to evaluate the effect of clavicular shortening, measured with 3-dimensional computed tomography (3DCT), on functional outcomes and satisfaction in patients with healed displaced midshaft clavicular fractures up to 1 year following injury.

Methods:

The data used in this study were collected as part of a multicenter, prospective randomized controlled trial of open reduction and plate fixation compared with nonoperative treatment for acute, displaced midshaft clavicular factures. Patients who were randomized to nonoperative treatment and had healed by 1 year were included in the present study. Clavicular shortening relative to the uninjured, contralateral clavicle was measured on 3DCT. Outcome analysis was conducted at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year following injury and included the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), Constant, and Short Form-12 (SF-12) scores and patient satisfaction.

Results:

In the original trial, 105 patients were randomized to nonoperative treatment. Thirteen patients were lost to follow-up, leaving 92 patients, and an additional 16 (17%) developed nonunion and were excluded from the present study. Of the remaining 76 patients, 48 who had a 3DCT scan that included the whole length of both clavicles were included in the present study. The shortening of the injured clavicles, relative to the contralateral side, was a mean (and standard deviation) of 11.3 ± 7.6 mm, with a mean proportional shortening of 8%. Proportional shortening did not significantly correlate with the DASH (p ≥ 0.42), Constant (p ≥ 0.32), or SF-12 (p ≥ 0.08) scores at any point during follow-up. There was no significant difference in the mean DASH or Constant scores at any follow-up time point when the cutoff for shortening was defined as 1 cm (p ≥ 0.11) or as 2 cm (p ≥ 0.35). There was no significant difference in clavicular shortening between satisfied and unsatisfied patients (p ≥ 0.49).

Conclusions:

The present study demonstrated no association between shortening and functional outcome or satisfaction in patients with healed displaced midshaft clavicular fractures up to 1 year following injury.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Nitrogen Uptake and Allocation at Different Growth Stages of Young Southern Highbush Blueberry Plants
Authors: Fang Yang , Williamson Jeffrey , Darnell Rebecca , Li Yuncong , Liu Guodong
Published: July 2017

Southern highbush blueberry (SHB, Vaccinium corymbosum L. interspecific hybrid) is the major species planted in Florida because of the low-chilling requirement and early ripening. The growth pattern and nitrogen (N) demand of SHB may differ from those of northern highbush blueberry (NHB, V. corymbosum L.). Thus, the effect of plant growth stage on N uptake and allocation was studied with containerized 1-year-old SHB grown in pine-bark amended soil. Five ‘Emerald’ plants were each treated with 6 g 10% 15N labeled (NH4)2SO4 at each of 12 dates over 2 years. In the first year, plants were treated once in late winter, four times during the growing season, and once in the fall. In the second year, treatment dates were based on phenological stages. After a 14-day chase period following each 15N treatment, plants were destructively harvested for dry weight (DW) measurements, atom% of 15N, and N content of each of the plant tissues. Total DW increased continuously from mid-May 2015 to Oct. 2015 and from Mar. 2016 to late Sept. 2016. From August to October of both years, external N demand was the greatest and plants absorbed more N during the 2-week chase period, about 0.53 g/plant in year 1 and 0.67 g/plant in year 2, than in chase periods earlier in the season. During March and April, N uptake was as low as 0.03 g/plant/2 weeks in year 1 and 0.21 g/plant/2 weeks in year 2. Nitrogen allocation to each of the tissues varied throughout the season. About half of the N derived from the applied fertilizer was allocated to leaves at all labeling times except the early bloom stage in 2016. These results suggest that young SHB plants absorb greater amounts of N during summer and early fall than in spring.
Susceptibility of Boxwood Accessions from the National Boxwood Collection to Boxwood Blight and Potential for Differences between Calonectria pseudonaviculata and C. henricotiae
Authors: LaMondia James A. , Shishkoff Nina
Published: July 2017

Forty Buxus accessions from the U.S. National Arboretum National Boxwood Collection were evaluated as potted plants and detached leaves for susceptibility to Calonectria pseudonaviculata (Crous et al.) L. Lombard et al., and nine boxwood cultivars were evaluated against both species of Calonectria causing boxwood blight, C. pseudonaviculata and C. henricotiae. Accessions of B. harlandii Hance, B. sinica (Rehder and E.H.Wilson) M.Cheng, and B. microphylla Siebold and Zucc. had less disease than B. microphylla ×sempervirens, and all had fewer lesions per plant than the 20 B. sempervirens L. accessions evaluated. Variation within species was observed. Of the individual accessions, B. sinica var. aemulans (accession 60705*H), B. sempervirens (36365*J), and B. harlandii (18834*H) were least susceptible, with <10 lesions per plant. B. sempervirens ‘Scupi’ (9548*H), B. microphylla ‘Compacta’ (4899*CH), B. sempervirens ‘Arborescens’ (57953*H), B. sinica var. insularis ‘Pincushion’ (51898*H), and B. microphylla var. japonica ‘Jim Stauffer’ (72213*H) each had <20 lesions. These rankings differ from previous studies that used detached leaf and unrooted cutting assays. Normalizing to account for plant size effects on inoculation and disease increased variability for individual accession rankings but did not result in significant differences in the most and least susceptible accessions or species ranking. Nine boxwood cultivars evaluated against both pathogen species exhibited a range of susceptibility against four pooled isolates each of C. pseudonaviculata and C. henricotiae. Although small differences in disease severity were observed on boxwood inoculated with the two pathogens, there was no interaction of cultivar and pathogen species, suggesting that a cultivar rated resistant to one species was resistant to the other. These results may aid boxwood breeders to develop resistance to boxwood blight.
Secondary Metabolites and Lignin in ‘Hass’ Avocado Fruit Skin during Fruit Development in Three Producing Regions
Authors: Medina-Carrillo Raquel Enedina , Salazar-García Samuel , Bonilla-Cárdenas Jorge Armando , Herrera-González Juan Antonio , Ibarra-Estrada Martha Elva , Álvarez-Bravo Arturo
Published: July 2017

In plants, secondary metabolites (SMs) have functions of both defense and adaptation to the environment in which they develop. In Mexico, ‘Hass’ avocado is cultivated in different climate types, so during its development, the fruit is exposed to extreme climatic factors, especially temperature and solar radiation. A recent study showed that the thickness and roughness of ‘Hass’ skin increased in the hottest climate. It is unknown how these factors affect the presence of SMs and lignin in the skin. The aim of this research was to quantify the concentration of total phenolic compounds (TPCs), chlorophylls, total carotenoids (TCARs), and lignin in the skin of ‘Hass’ avocado fruit over five developmental stages (S), based on fruit diameter [Olive (20–30 mm ø), S-I (35–45 mm ø), S-II (50–60 mm ø), S-III (60–70 mm ø) and Harvest (mesocarp dry matter ≥21.5%)], in three producing regions of Mexico: Nayarit (warm subhumid climate, elevation 1151 m), Jalisco (semiwarm, subhumid climate, elevation 2180 m), and Michoacán (temperate climate, elevation 1579 m). Both fruit developmental stage and producing region had a significant influence on the concentrations of SMs and lignin in the skin. During fruit development, the skin showed a decrease in the concentration of phenolic compounds (PCs) and an increase in the presence of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and lignin. The skin of fruit produced in regions with a semiwarm and temperate climate had higher production of lignin and PCs, as well as a lower concentration of chlorophylls.
Effect of Indaziflam Application and Soil Manipulations on Pecan Evapotranspiration and Gas Exchange Parameters
Authors: González-Delgado Amir M. , Shukla Manoj K. , Schutte Brian
Published: July 2017

Appropriate soil management practices and correct use of agrochemicals for crop protection are essential to alleviate stresses that affect the quality and yield of pecans [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch]. A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the effect of soil surface manipulation and indaziflam application on evapotranspiration (ET) and gas exchange parameters of pecan trees, and phytotoxicity effects of indaziflam on pecan trees. Trees were planted in large pots with a homogeneous porous media (HM), including the controls (C), preferential flow channels open at the soil surface (PF), and preferential flow channels with surface soil manually tilled to 5 cm depth [shallow tillage (ST)]. Trees with HM, PF, and ST were treated with 50 g a.i./ha of indaziflam in 2014 and 2015, whereas an application rate of 150 g a.i./ha was used for trees with HM and ST in 2016. All trees were irrigated about every 14 days with 7 L of water in 2014 and 2015, and 5 L in 2016. A water balance analysis determined the ET in different treatments in 2014 and 2015. Gas exchange parameters were measured before and after irrigation in 2015 and 2016. Photosynthetic rates in C, HM, PF, and ST were consistently significantly lower before than after irrigation. PF and ST did not decrease the available water content of the soil because there was no significant difference in the volume of effluent, ET, and gas exchange parameters among the treatments. No herbicide injury symptoms and no influence on gas exchange parameters and ET were observed after using both application rates of indaziflam.
Governance, rights, and resource development costs of water: lessons from post-war Japan
Authors: Noda Koji
Published: July 2017

To promote water resources development, many nations have established centralized administration such that the central government can hold an institutional authority with the ability to control water resources development and modify the modernization of water rights. This enables governments to clearly define the rights or introduce the principle of vested rights protection; however, volunteer transactions of water rights can be institutionally prohibited or restricted. The aim of this study was to analyse how the centralization of administration, or the modified modernization of water rights, has affected water resources development costs by examining the case of post-war Japan. After World War II, Japan experienced rapid economic growth with regard to water resources development because of expansive concrete dams. However, these water resources development measures caused environmental or financial problems under low economic growth circumstances. Therefore, the aims of this water policy study were to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages resulting from water resources development based on large-scale concrete dams. Policy implications for developing countries will be drawn upon in this study. Because the government is a key actor in promoting water resources development, it has an accountability and a responsibility to the citizens.