bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and attitude toward palliative care among health workers at health post level in Makawanpur district, Nepal
Authors: Bista Kiweta , Baral Kedar Prasad , Lama Chiniya , Gajmer Raj Kumar , Acharya Paras Kumar , Gongal Rajesh Nath
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Nepal has made some progress in palliative care. Need for palliative care is more in rural areas where primary health care workers deliver most of the care. Their knowledge and attitude toward palliative care is very important to deliver the service in rural areas. This study aimed to assess knowledge and attitude of health workers working at health post level toward palliative care.
Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among 174 health workers working in health post of Makawanpur district. Census method was employed. Knowledge regarding palliative care was assessed by Palliative Care Knowledge Questionnaire-Basic (PCKQ-B), validated in India. Attitude related statements were adapted from previously conducted study in Palestine. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Result: A total of 174 health workers participated in the study; 126(72.41%) were females, 70(40.23%) were between ages 20-30 years, 65(37.36%) had clinical experience of less than 5 years and majority were ANMs. Only 68(39.08%) had fair level of knowledge and 63(36.21%) had poor attitude. Majority of respondents had better understanding regarding basic knowledge of palliative care than pain management, morphine use and bereavement care. Most of the respondents showed unfavourable attitude toward caring for dying patient
Conclusion: Primary health care workers have shown fair knowledge and poor attitude toward palliative care. This study emphasizes the need to introduce palliative care in the curriculum and training program of health workers to enhance their knowledge level and develop favourable attitude towards palliative care to better serve the rural population
Anatomical variations of the lung fissures assessed by High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) of chest – a cross-sectional study at tertiary center of Nepal
Authors: KC Sudeep , Gyawali Sushila
Published: December 2024

Introduction: The lungs are a pair of vital organs of respiration which are divided into lobes by fissures which facilitate the movements and uniform expansion of lobes. The fissure may be complete, incomplete, or absent; knowledge of which is vital for both clinician and surgeons. High Resolution Computed tomography (HRCT) chest can clearly depict the fissural anatomical variation. The objective of this study was to analyze the morphology of lung fissures undergoing HRCT.
Method: This cross-sectional study was done among 247 patients undergoing HRCT in Dept. of Radiology, Patan Hospital. The HRCT images were visually analyzed and categorized. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS.
Result: Out of 247 patients, classical trilobed right and bilobed left lung was seen in only 69(24.94%) subjects. Rest of the subjects had some anatomical variation of lung fissure. Incomplete oblique fissure was seen in 23(9.31%) and 18(7.28%) on the right and left side respectively. The inferior accessory fissure was seen among 50(20.24%) individuals, followed by left minor fissure among 23(9.31%), superior accessory fissure among 17(6.88%), fissure in right middle lobe among 23(9.31%) and azygyous fissure among six (2.41%). The significant difference was only seen in the completeness oblique fissure with respect to gender (p <0.05).
Conclusion: Classical fissural anatomy was found in only 69(24.94%) patients and common other variations were also noted in our study. Variations in the fissures are not uncommon. This study reinforces the importance of considering anatomical variations of the fissures whenever interpreting the radiographs and plan surgical procedure.
Ottawa versus Pittsburgh knee rules in screening acute knee injury
Authors: Shrestha Sarik Kumar , Devkota Pramod , Majagaiyan Pokhrel Prabhav , Thakur Abhishek Kumar
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Acute knee injuries account for eight percent of all injuries. Ottawa and Pittsburgh knee rules (OKR and PKR) were developed to assess the need for radiographs in acute knee injury. The objective of the study is to analyse the applicability of OKR and PKR to rule out fractures in acute knee injury.
Method: This prospective cross-sectional study included 120 patients presenting with acute knee injury. Patients were assessed based on Ottawa and Pittsburgh knee rules (OKR and PKR) and radiographs were evaluated for fractures. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of OKR and PKR were calculated along with possible reduction in radiographs. Association of sex and age with outcome of acute knee injury was also analysed.
Result: Among the 120 patients, 74(61.67%) were males and 46(38.33%) were females. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of OKR were 95% CI 0.94(0.83-0.99), 95% CI 0.40(0.28-0.52), 95% CI 0.53(0.42-0.63) and 95% CI 0.90(0.74-0.98) respectively with possible reduction in radiographs by 31(25.83%). Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of PKR were 95% CI 0.88(0.76-0.05), 95% CI 0.57 (0.45-0.69), 95% CI 0.59(0.47-0.71) and 95% CI 0.87(0.75-0.95 ) respectively with possible reduction in radiographs by 46(38.33%).
Conclusion: OKR and PKR are highly sensitive in ruling out fractures in patients with acute knee injury and more than one-fourth of radiographs can be avoided if these rules are applied.
Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography and mammography of breast lesions
Authors: Shrestha Shreejana , Manandhar Dwa Yogita , Jaiswal Pooja , Karki Prabhat , KC Sudeep , Banjade Udaya Raj
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumors in women, with over one million cases diagnosed globally each year, resulting in approximately 410,000 deaths. Early detection and treatment significantly reduce the risk of mortality. Ultrasound and mammography are widely used non-invasive, cost-effective imaging techniques for early breast cancer diagnosis. This study aims to identify the characteristics of breast lesions on ultrasound and mammography and correlate them with histological findings.
Method: This was a retrospective study conducted in Patan Hospital, with the data set from January 2019 to December 2022. All patient’s data were collected regarding findings of ultrasound, mammography, BIRADS from radiological department and correlated with histopathological diagnosis. All findings were compared for the sensitivity and specificity of mammography with ultrasonography in diagnosing breast lesions.
Result: A total of 137 cases were found to have histopathology diagnosed benign and malignant breast lesions. Ultrasonography showed 91.58% sensitivity, 57.14% specificity, 82.86% positive predictive value, 75.00% negative predictive value, and 81.02% diagnostic accuracy. Mammography exhibited 92.63% sensitivity, 61.90% specificity, 84.62% positive predictive value, 78.79% negative predictive value, and 83.62% diagnostic accuracy. When combining mammography and ultrasonography, the results showed 93.63% sensitivity, 42.86% specificity, 78.76% positive predictive value, 75% negative predictive value, and 78.10% diagnostic accuracy.
Conclusion: Ultrasound and mammography are both highly sensitive in  detecting benign and malignant breast lesions. While mammography has a slightly higher overall accuracy in diagnosis, it is recommended to complement ultrasonography with mammography for a more comprehensive detection of breast lesions.
Can Empowered Citizens Save Democracy?
Authors: Calhoun Craig , Taylor Charles
Published: December 2024

This forum offers critical perspectives on Craig Calhoun, Dilip Gaonkar and Charles Taylor’s Degenerations of Democracy. In her contribution, Ilaria Cozzaglio, raises questions on the standpoint from which a critical perspective on our current democratic crisis is most effectively formulated. Taking an internalist perspective from the citizens’ perspectives on democracy’s contemporary crisis, as the book does, is essential for understanding our current condition, but it also raises new questions on how best to challenge the status quo while respecting citizens’ demands. Jayson Harsin explores what happens when we place some of the most recent media and communications technologies and practices at the center of our analysis. He asks how an examination of the fundamentally asymmetrical resources at the disposal of governments and particularly private media operations may be shaping democracy’s degeneration more than the book suggests. Stephen W. Sawyer builds on the book’s historical dimensions to question the emancipatory possibilities of a renewed republicanism, as opposed to reinforcing democracy as a mode of social organization and a multi-scalar approach to solving public problems, referencing the EU as an example. Craig Calhoun and Charles Taylor respond by clarifying their position and suggesting ways that their analyses may be extended to both respond to and build on these comments. They conclude with a cautious and critical optimism, rooted in a hard-fought commitment to hope.
National Character in De la démocratie en Amérique
Authors: Nacci Michela
Published: December 2024

The article deals with the national character in relation to Tocqueville and his Démocratie en Amérique. Tocqueville lives in a cultural environment in which numerous authors use the notion of character, but he appears much more aware than them of the problems connected to it. The hypothesis is that the theory of national characters can highlight elements present in Tocqueville’s reflections that have so far been left in the background or remained unexplained, as well as adding further meanings to his best-known theses.
Reading the Constitution
Authors: Gordon Daniel
Published: December 2024

This book by a former associate justice of the Supreme Court outlines the debate over “originalism” and “textualism.” Breyer’s “pragmatist” alternative rests largely on his complex analysis of issues pertaining to statutory interpretation. Breyer’s judicial philosophy is outlined in this review. The review also takes note of the influence of French thought on the eminent jurist.
Collective Beliefs. Introduction
Authors: Bronner Gérald
Published: December 2024

This text introduces the special dossier on “Collective Beliefs” by presenting the six contributions that make up the dossier and while highlighting the necessarily interdisciplinary nature of this subject, which has become so important for understanding the contemporary world.
Tukidides Tuzağı Bağlamında Çin-ABD İlişkileri: Ulusal Güvenlik Stratejileri Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: Olkan Kartal Batuhan
Published: December 2024

Bu makalede, son dönemde Uluslararası İlişkiler literatüründe tartışma konusu olan Çin ile Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD) arasındaki rekabet, Graham Allison'ın Tukidides Tuzağı kavramı üzerinden incelenmiştir. 2017 yılındaki çalışmasında, uluslararası sistemdeki süper gücün, yükselmekte olan diğer bir gücü kendisine tehdit olarak algılayıp ona savaş ilan ettiğini söyleyen Allison, son beş yüz yılda on altı kez karşılaşılan bu durumun on ikisinde devletlerin savaştıklarını belirtmiştir ve bu durumu Tukidides Tuzağı olarak kavramsallaştırmıştır. Tukidides Tuzağı kavramıyla birlikte Uluslararası İlişkiler disiplinindeki güç dengesi, hegemonya, çatışma ve güvenlik teorilerini yeniden tartışmaya açan Allison, uluslararası sistemin süper gücü olan ABD'nin de gelecekte Tukidides Tuzağı'na düşerek yükselen güç olan Çin'e savaş ilan edeceği öngörüsünde bulunmuştur. Bu bağlamda, Çin ve ABD'nin ulusal güvenlik strateji belgelerinin ele alındıkları bu çalışmada, iki ülke arasındaki rekabetin Allison'ın Tukidides Tuzağı kavramına göre ne ölçüde gelişeceği ve ayrıca Allison’ın gelecekte Çin ile ABD arasında bir savaşın çıkacağı öngörüsü değerlendirilmiştir.
Análise dos Marcadores de Coagulação na Prática Laboratorial
Authors: Foppa Munique , Foppa Priscila , Dieme Vial Etiene , Paraboni Marisa Lúcia Romani
Published: December 2024

A hemostasia é um evento que envolve diversos processos fisiológicos e a coagulação do sangue é usada para interromper e manter essa hemostasia no caso de uma lesão que resulte na perda da integridade da parede do vaso. O laboratório desempenha um papel crucial no diagnóstico e no tratamento dos distúrbios hemostáticos, em que os exames de coagulação são, frequentemente, solicitados, sendo o coagulograma um exame de extrema importância, composto pelo Tempo de Coagulação, Tempo de Sangramento, Tempo de Ativação da Protombina, Tempo de Tromboplastina Parcial Ativada e contagem de plaquetas. Entre os processos que envolvem a análise de uma amostra, a fase pré-analítica é uma etapa de grande relevância para se obter um resultado confiável, em que ocorre a maioria dos erros laboratoriais, sendo necessário possuir um controle de qualidade interno e externo, a fim de garantir resultados satisfatórios para pacientes, clientes e médicos.
Bioplásticos: uma revisão teórica sobre uso de nanocelulose e amido derivados de resíduos agroalimentares
Authors: Wlodarkievicz Maria Eduarda , Mignoni Marcelo Luis
Published: December 2024

Conhecer sobre a importância da redução das embalagens e o quanto elas impactam no meio ambiente é fundamental. Por isso, a necessidade de criação de produtos verdes, com seu ciclo de vida definido e sem gerar grandes impactos econômicos e ecológicos.  Fundamentado em um estudo bibliográfico, este artigo tem como objetivo descrever a importância do uso de resíduos agroalimentares, como o brócolis e a lentilha, em pesquisas de desenvolvimento de embalagens bioplásticas. Verificou-se que o  uso de compostos vegetais, tal qual a nanocelulose vegetal, devido à melhora da resistência à tração e a flexibilidade dos biofilmes, e o amido, devido às suas propriedades físico-químicas e à capacidade da amilose de formar géis e filmes, são promissores no ramo de tecnologia de novos materiais, principalmente alimentícios. Isto abre caminhos para pesquisas que enriquecem o saber teórico e prático a respeito do tema.
Propriedades e características do amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.): da lavoura ao produto - uma revisão
Authors: Todero Adriele Sabrina , Pereira Fabiana de Oliveira , Reato Paloma Truccolo , Mignoni Marcelo Luis
Published: December 2024

Este artigo de revisão aborda o processo de produção do amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.), desde o cultivo até a fabricação de produtos derivados, e avalia seu impacto ambiental. Práticas agrícolas sustentáveis, como manejo integrado de pragas e uso de fertilizantes orgânicos, são essenciais para minimizar os impactos no solo e na água. O amendoim é utilizado para produzir itens como pasta de amendoim, snacks, bebidas fermentadas, óleo e lanches torrados. A fase de processamento requer energia significativa, destacando a necessidade de fontes renováveis. Resíduos como cascas de amendoim podem ser reutilizados como biomassa e ração animal, contribuindo para a sustentabilidade. A adoção de práticas ambientalmente amigáveis em todas as etapas da produção é crucial para reduzir a pegada de carbono e preservar os recursos naturais.
Casca de banana e fibra de bananeira como alternativas no tratamento de água
Authors: Raisel Loise Becker , Toniazzo Geciane Backes , Zeni Jamile , Mignoni Marcelo Luis
Published: December 2024

A indústria da banana gera bilhões de toneladas de resíduos em todas as etapas do processo produtivo, desde a colheita até a comercialização e o consumo. Este artigo apresenta um levantamento bibliográfico de pesquisas em que os resíduos da indústria da banana, especificamente a casca da banana e a fibra do pseudocaule da bananeira, foram utilizados, com resultados satisfatórios, no tratamento de água e efluentes.  Foi verificado o emprego da fibra e da casca de banana, por diversos autores, com resultados satisfatórios no tratamento de água e outros efluentes.
Mudança climática – reflexões sobre a inclusão da temática no currículo escolar e na formação de professores
Authors: Warnava Fabíula Paula , Magnante Hueliton José Strogulski , Majewski Andrieli Sadovski , Carvalho Laura Fragoso Alves de , Jarominek Évelin Giovana Ferreira , Silva Francieli Alves da , Zakrzevski Sônia Beatris Balvedi
Published: December 2024

A mudança climática (MC) é um desafio mundial de grandes proporções, que compromete vidas, economias e a integridade do ambiente de todas as nações. Mesmo assim, em nossa sociedade, há um alto grau de incompreensão da população sobre as MC e sobre as suas implicações, presentes e futuras. O enfrentamento da crise climática passa pela criação de novos hábitos e pela inserção do tema no cotidiano e na formação das novas gerações. Isso justifica a necessidade de incorporar a educação ambiental climática ao currículo formal da Educação Básica e de investimentos financeiros no processo de elaboração de materiais didáticos sobre o tema, bem como na formação de professores, de forma continuada, para propiciar o desenvolvimento educacional do País. Nesse sentido, este artigo tem por objetivo refletir sobre a inserção da temática mudança climática (MC) nos currículos escolares e sobre o papel da educação formal no enfrentamento à crise climática. Trata-se de um estudo teórico, de natureza qualitativa.
Akut Egzersiz Yaptırılan Sıçanlarda Karaciğerlerindeki Lipit Peroksidasyon ve Antioksidan Enzimleri Üzerine Siyah Havuç Suyunun Etkileri
Authors: Aytaç Kürşat Yusuf , Özkaya Ahmet , Daban Mustafa
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışmada, akut egzersiz yaptırılan sıçanların karaciğerlerinin dokuları üzerine siyah havuç suyunun etkileri araştırıldı. Sıçanlar Kontrol (K), Siyah havuç suyu (S), Akut egzersiz (E) ve Siyah havuç suyu + Akut egzersiz (SE) grupları oluşturuldu. Akut egzersiz programı treadmill cihazında uygulamalar yapıldı. Deneysel süreç sonunda elde edilen sıçan karaciğer dokularında malondialdehit (MDA) ve Glutatyon (GSH) düzeyleri incelenirken, Glutatyon redüktaz (GR), Glutatyon-Stransferaz (GST) ve Karboksil esteraz (Ces) enzim aktivite düzeyleri ölçüldü. E grubu MDA, GST ve Ces enzim aktivite düzeyleri K grubuna göre artarken, GR ve GSH düzeyleri ise K grubuna göre azaldı. S grubu GST ve Ces enzim aktiviteleri K grubuna göre arttı. SE grubu GSH düzeyi E grubuna göre artarken, GST enzim aktivite ve MDA düzeyleri azaldı. Sonuç olarak, akut egzersiz uygulanan sıçanların karaciğer dokuları üzerine siyah havuç suyunun lipid peroksidasyonu engellediği, antioksidan enzim sistemini destekleyici etkisinin olduğunu düşünmekteyiz.
Karhatalmi formációk Magyarországon 1918–1920
Authors: Suba János
Published: December 2024

A szerző a Magyar Királyság dualizmuskori karhatalmi funkciókat is megvalósító szervezeteitől a népköztársaság és a Tanácsköztársaság zűrzavaros időszakán keresztül jut el a trianoni békediktátum utáni Magyar Királyság rendvédelmi szervezeteihez. A tanulmányban bemutatásra kerül a szervezetek létszáma, fegyverzete és tevékenységi köre. Különösen 1918-ban és 1919-ben gyarapodott rendkívül dinamikusan a karhatalmi szervezetek száma, bár a tanulmány csupán a jéghegy csúcsát érinti, hiszen a hazatérő katonák fegyveres atrocitásai ellen szinte valamennyi város és uradalom létrehozott valamilyen fegyveres szervezetet. A dolgozat érintőlegesen foglalkozik az elszaporodó karhatalmi testületek szerveződésének az okaival is. Egyrészt a világháború utáni romló szociálishelyzet következményei elleni fellépés igénye eredményezte a karhatalmi testületek burjánzását. Másrészt pedig az ország területe döntő többségének a megszállása is kiváltott ilyen reakciókat. A szociális helyzeten a társadalom erőszakos megváltoztatásával javítani kívánó és erre reagáló karhatalmi szervezetek léte bizonyos idő után okafogyottá vált. A Magyar Királyságot megcsonkító trianoni békediktátum ellen szerveződő karhatalmi alakulatok sorsa azonban a konszolidációs folyamat eredményeként az állami rendvédelmi rendszerbe való beolvadás lett. Mindez azonban a kommunista ihletésű szervezetekre nem igaz, mivel azokat felszámolták. Felszámolták továbbá azokat a szervezeteket is, amelyek az új hatalmi központ a Fővezérség iránymutatásaitól eltértek.
A magyar rendvédelem civil szerveződései 1867–1945
Authors: Parádi Ákos
Published: December 2024

A tanulmány első ízben tesz kísérletet az 1867-től 1945-ig terjedő magyar rendvédelem „civil” részének a feltárására. Feltárták már a vizsgált időszak magyar rendvédelmének a központi államhatalom és az önkormányzatok kompetenciájába tartozó részét, illetve a „civil” rendvédelem egyes elemeit. A teljes „civil” rendvédelmet azonban, a vizsgált időszakra vonatkozóan, még nem dolgozták fel. A tanulmány a teljes rendvédelemre tekintettel vizsgálja a korabeli „civil” magyar rendvédelmet. A rendvédelmet szerves egységnek tekintve. A civil rendvédelem társadalmi szerveződésű (tűzoltóságok) és gazdasági érdekeltségű társaságok (magánkutató irodák, gátőrség, vonalőrségek, stb.) keretei között működtek. A dualizmus időszakában 283 644 fő tevékenykedett a rendvédelemben, amelyből 250 866 főt a „civil” rendvédelemben foglalkoztattak. A két világháború közötti 70 144 fős magyar rendvédelemből 34 099 főt foglalkoztattak a „civil” rendvédelemben. A vizsgált időszak rendvédelme a legitim országgyűlés által hozott törvényeknek megfelelően működött. Rendkívül takarékos rendvédelmi szisztémát képviselt a vizsgált időszak magyarországi rendvédelmi struktúrája. A tűzoltóság döntő többsége például társadalmi keretek között működött. Jól funkcionáló modellnek tekinthető a korabeli rendvédelmi struktúra, hiszen 80–90% közötti felderítettséget produkált a vészterhes időszakot leszámítva. A korabeli magyar rendvédelemben jól kiegészítették egymást az állami és a civil szerveződések, a militáns és a demilitáns formák. Az egész rendvédelmi rendszer a bűnmegelőzés primátusának jegyében üzemelt, melyben nélkülözhetetlen szerepet játszott a „civil” rendvédelem. A privát személy- és vagyonvédelem terén a legjelentősebb termelési eszközök védelmére kiemelt gondot fordítottak. Nem tartották elégségesnek a közrend védelmére hivatott szervezetek tevékenységét, hanem ezekre a termelési eszközökre, vagy infrastruktúrális elemekre például vonat, vízművek, stb. külön őrségeket is szerveztek. Ezek tevékenységét a tulajdonosok, illetve a termelési eszközt, infrastruktúrát működtetők finanszírozták.
Rendőrség a magyar határőrizetben
Authors: Parádi József
Published: December 2024

A szerző bemutatja a dualizmuskori és a ki–kit győz le időszak magyar rendvédelmének és határőrizetének lényegét, majd ismerteti a két határrendőrség szervezetét, faladatait és működését. A Magyar Királyi Határrendőrség (1903–1919) volt az első rendőri szervezet a magyar határőrizet történetében. E testület a dualizmus időszakában magyar specifikumnak tekinthető, hiszen sem a környező országokban, sem pedig a polgári fejlődés előrehaladottabb állapotban lévő országaiban nem volt fellelhető ez a szervezet a XX. század elején. A határrendőrség (1945–1949) a polgári demokrácia magyarországi fejlődésének újabb időszakához kapcsolódott. Léte azonban rövid volt, mivel a második világháború utáni magyar polgári fejlődés is felmorzsolódott a szovjet érdekszféra terjeszkedésén. Figyelemre méltó azonban hogy a magyar polgári határőrizet fejlődéstörténetében két ízben is felállításra került a határrendőrség olyan időszakokban amikor a belső fejlődés tendenciái érvényesülhettek. Mindkét esetben a külső körülmények hatására került felszámolásra a határrendőrség.
Forum: Lévi-Strauss’s “The Mathematics of Man”
Authors: Martin John Levi , Seaver Nick , Maurer Bill , Moutu Andrew , Rio Knut , Corona Alonso Rodrigo Zamora , Agbetu Toyin , Green Sarah
Published: December 2024

In a recent issue (Vol. 67, No. 2), we published a new translation, by Matthew Carey, of Claude Lévi-Strauss's seminal but often overlooked essay “The Mathematics of Man,” which was originally published in French in 1956. As Susanne Küchler suggested in her introduction to the text, Lévi-Strauss's insistence on seeing mathematics as more than just a means of quantification and statistical analysis should be of enduring inspiration to anthropologists interested in how models and other forms of patterned transformation operate within social and cultural life, as well as in how we attempt as anthropologists to gain an analytical handle on them. In continued collaboration with Küchler, in the present issue we have invited anthropologists whose work speaks to these concerns to comment on the contemporary relevance of Lévi-Strauss's argument, encouraging them to be as explicit about the shortcomings and potential dangers of Lévi-Strauss's call to mathematics as they may be of its enduring insights and promise.
Integrated management of concurrent traumatic penetrating brain injury and electrical injury: illustrative case
Authors: Raelly-Muze Laureen K. , Vega Rafael A. , Hutchins Leslie M.
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Transorbital penetrating brain injury (PBI) accompanied by electrical injury is an extremely rare presentation. This type of traumatic injury has a unique set of diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to the potential multiple organ system involvement and severe neurological complications.

OBSERVATIONS

A 50-year-old male experienced a high-impact injury from a welding spike that penetrated the orbit just above the eyeball with a concurrent electrical injury; the electricity exited through the great toe. Initial assessments revealed extensive subarachnoid pneumocephalus and a linear hemorrhage extending from the left medial orbital wall through the ethmoid air cells to the right thalamic nucleus. Remarkably, the eye itself was not injured given the superior trajectory of the spike within the orbit.

LESSONS

PBIs and electrical injuries usually cause serious sequelae, but the welding spike and electrical current managed to avoid major neuroanatomical structures and visceral organs, allowing the patient to recover with minimal deficits.

https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24418
An uncommon cause of penetrating brain injury: two cases of nail gun injuries. Illustrative cases
Authors: Giles Tyler X. , Bowen Evan C. , Duran Daniel , Smith Andrew , Strickland Allison
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Low-velocity penetrating brain injury (PBI) is an uncommon variant of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Patients affected by PBI can present with highly variable injury patterns, which, along with guideline-directed TBI care, may require the employment of unique operative management strategies. There are no strict guidelines for the management of low-velocity penetrating injuries. Characterizing approaches and outcomes for various injury patterns may be of use in guiding surgical decision-making. The authors report their experience with two cases of PBI by mechanism of a nail gun with a retained intracranial foreign body requiring surgical removal.

OBSERVATIONS

The two patients were managed using different operative approaches with directly visualized nail removal, and both cases were managed with different empiric antibiotic regimens. Both patients were neurologically intact at follow-up and had no perioperative complications.

LESSONS

These cases illustrate two methods of foreign body removal and the perioperative management protocol utilized at the authors’ institution.

https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24522
A gigantic intraosseous and dural-based calvarial metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma: illustrative case
Authors: Lee Anthony T. , Raygor Kunal P. , Nichols Noah M. , Tarapore Phiroz E.
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma to the central nervous system (CNS), including the skull and dura, is exceedingly rare.

OBSERVATIONS

The authors present the case of a gigantic, intraosseous, dural-based follicular thyroid carcinoma, highlighting the operative strategy for this mass. They also provide a literature review of CNS metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

LESSONS

Although follicular thyroid carcinoma rarely metastasizes to the CNS, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of hypervascular intraosseous skull lesions, even in the absence of disseminated metastatic disease. The authors illustrate key operative steps in managing the tumor’s hypervascularity, extracranial extension, and posterior sagittal sinus invasion, as well as unintended sequelae from ligating the seemingly occluded anterior and middle third of the superior sagittal sinus in large tumors.

https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24550
Uprawnienia wikariusza sądowego w processus brevior coram Episcopo według motu proprio Mitis Iudex Dominus Iesus
Authors: Greszata-Telusiewicz Marta
Published: December 2024

Mitis Iudex Dominus Iesus, co można przetłumaczyć „Pan Jezus łagodnym sędzią” - to tytuł motu proprio opublikowanego przez papieża Franciszka, reformującego kanoniczny proces o nieważność małżeństwa. Została w nim wprowadzona instytucja tzw. procesu skróconego lub biskupiego, który może być przeprowadzany w przypadkach, obydwoje małżonkowie zgodnie o niego proszą i gdy sprawa nieważności małżeństwa jest ewidentna i nie wywołuje wątpliwości. Jak sama nazwa wskazuje, rozpoznanie i rozstrzygnięcie leży w gestii biskupa diecezjalnego. W tym kontekście właśnie należy spojrzeć na uprawnienia wikariusz sądowego jako tego, który stanowi jeden trybunał z biskupem, ale nie może sądzić spraw, które zostały zarezerwowane biskupowi jako sędziemu, tak jak ma to miejsce w skróconym procesie małżeńskim przed biskupem. Zostają jednak na niego nałożone pewne dodatkowe obowiązki procesowe, które wynikają z obowiązujących kodeksowych przepisów procesowych, a tym samym pozostają w duchy zasady słuszności kanonicznej, która wynika z ducha Ewangelii.
Studies on the effectiveness of the detection process when conducting forensic evidence by inspection in cases of killings in Poland
Authors: Juszka Kazimiera , Juszka Karol
Published: December 2024

The objective of this paper is to present the results of the author’s own studies of 90 court and inquisitorial cases, showing the relationship between correctly conducted forensic evidence by inspection and the process of detecting perpetrators of killings. These research issues will be presented along the sequential stages of criminal proceedings.
Dampak Gender Terhadap Kepercayaan Pada Instagram Influencer Marketing Di FEB Universitas Mataram
Authors: Genadi Yeldy Dwi , Anwar Adrianda , Muhtarom Zamroni Alpian , Busman Sherwin Ary
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak dari gender terhadap kepercayaan pada Instagram influencer marketing di Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Mataram. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan asosiatif dan pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner yang disebarkan secara online. Sampel yang dibutuhkan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 200 responden dengan teknik purposive sampling, dimana masing-masing 100 responden perempuan dan 100 responden laki-laki. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu outer model (model measurement), inner model (analisis model struktural), direct effect (pengaruh langsung), dan partial least square (PLS) menggunakan SmartPLS dengan teknik bootstrapping. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gender baik perempuan dan laki-laki berpengaruh signifikan secara positif terhadap kepercayaan pada Instagram influencer marketing. Selanjutnya diketahui pula bahwa perempuan memiliki pengaruh yang dominan jika dibandingkan dengan laki-laki, dimana perempuan lebih mudah untuk mempercayai seorang influencer di Instagram.
PREFERENSI RISIKO MEMODERASI PENGAMPUNAN PAJAK, PEMAHAMAN PERPAJAKAN DAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN FISKUS TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK
Authors: Murtiningtyas Triana , Pratiwi Devindra Vanny , Sa’adah Lailatus
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif kausalitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui analisis pengampunan pajak, pemahaman peraturan perpajakan dan kualitas pelayanan fiskus terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak dengan prferensi risiko sebagai variabel moderasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer menggunakan kuisioner. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah wajib pajak orang pribadi di KPP Pratama Malang Utara sebanyak 100 orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik moderated regression analysis (MRA). Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pengampunan pajak, pemahaman peraturan perpajakan dan kualitas pelayanan fiskus berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak. Selanjutnya preferensi risiko tidak dapat memoderasi pengaruh antara pengampunan pajak, pemahaman peraturan perpajakan dan kualitas pelayanan fiskus terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak.
Pengaruh Digital Marketing Terhadap Peningkatan Kinerja dan impelementasi Artificial Intelligence (study kasus: PT.Akadia Digital Media)
Authors: Hidayat Ahmad Ridho , Ulum Miftahul , Irianti Nana Novia
Published: December 2024

Berkembangnya teknologi dalam dunia bisnis berdampak pada perkembangan bisnis, baik dalam  pemasaran secara digital maupun penggunaan kecerdasan buatan (AI), penggunaan teknologi yang maksimal akan berimbas pada peningkatan efisiensi dan efektifitas pada perusahaan. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi bagaimana pengaruh digital marketing terhadap peningkatan kinerja di PT.Akadia Digital Media. Kecerdasan Buatan yang dalam bahasa Inggris disebut Artificial  Intelligence (AI) adalah salah satu konsep teknologi informasi  dari cabang ilmu komputer dalam meniru kecerdasan manusia. Marketing Artificial Intelligence (AIM) adalah gagasan yang menggabungkan kecerdasan buatan (AI) dengan strategi pemasaran untuk meningkatkan efektivitas, akurasi, dan efisiensi pemasaran secara keseluruhan. Dengan mengintegrasikan AI ke dalam strategi pemasaran, AIM dapat menawarkan berbagai keuntungan bagi perusahaan. Tujuan penalitian ini melihat pengaruh digital marketing terhadap peningkatan kinerja. Mengunakan metode kualitatif metode  regersi dinamis Partial Adjustment Model (PAM) dan analisis dinamis dengan model penyesuaian    parsial Nerlove dan metode kedua menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Penelitian menganalisis pengaruh digital marketing terhadap peningkatan kinerja dan peran Artificial Intelligence dalam industri media. AI dapat digunakan untuk memahami audiens target, membuat konten pemasaran lebih relevan, dan membantu memahami perilaku dan preferensi konsumen dengan data dan analisis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan bagaimana AI akan membentuk masa depan pemasaran yang lebih cerdas, efisien, dan efektif.
Determination of the effects of vitamin D and Nettle (Urtica Dioica L) extract administration on SOD-2 and TNF-α levels in liver tissue of TNBS (2,4,6 Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid)-induced rats
Authors: Aras Şükran
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin D and nettle (Urtica dioica L.) extract on SOD-2 and TNF-α levels in liver tissue of rats induced with TNBS (2,4,6 Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid) by immunohistochemical methods. All rats used in the study were weighed and randomly divided into four groups. Liver tissue samples were taken at the end of the experiment. They were blocked in paraffin by applying routine tissue tracking procedure. Histologic and immunohistochemical methods were applied to the sections taken from the paraffin blocks. It was determined that histopathologic changes were intense in the TNBS group and less in the TNBSD and TNBSI groups. Strong SOD-2 immunoreactivity was detected in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in control and TNBSD groups, weak in TNBS group and moderate in TNBSI group. TNF-α immunoreactivity was weak in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in control group, strong in TNBS group, and moderate in TNBSD and TNBSI groups. In conclusion, it is thought that vitamin D and nettle extract may have positive effects on liver tissue and both substances may be protective against liver damage due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
The absence of the Bluetongue virus in abortion cases in cattle, sheep, and goats in Türkiye: 2012-2017
Authors: Şevik Murat
Published: December 2024

Bluetongue (BT) is a disease that affects domestic and wild ruminants, and it is caused by a virus called bluetongue virus (BTV) that is transmitted by Culicoides midges. Although clinical signs of BT are most apparent in sheep, BTV could induce abortion and birth defects in cattle, sheep and goats. BTV infection has been reported in Türkiye, but the role of BTV in cattle and small ruminant abortion cases in Türkiye remains uncertain. Therefore, this research aimed to fill this research gap by investigating the prevalence of BTV in cattle and small ruminant abortion cases. To investigate the frequency of BTV in ovine, caprine, and bovine foetuses, a total of 1718 foetuses were collected from different farms between 2012 and 2017. A one-step real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was used to detect BTV RNA in aborted foetuses. BTV specific RNA was not detected in the analysed foetuses. To the best of my knowledge, this is the longest study that has investigated whether BTV infection has a role in cattle and small ruminant abortion cases in Türkiye. The results of this study are limited only to the regions studied. Therefore, further epidemiological studies are needed to confirm the findings of this study.
The characteristic electrostatic structure of eruptive clouds of strong explosive eruptions of the shiveluch and bezymyanny volcanoes (kamchatka peninsula)
Authors: Akbashev R. R. , Malkin E. I. , Cherneva N. V.
Published: December 2024

The analysis of the registered variations (anomalies) of the atmospheric electric potential gradient (PG) associated with the spread of eruptive clouds from the eruptions of the Shiveluch and Bezymyanny volcanoes (Kamchatka peninsula) is presented. Anomalies were recorded at different distances from the eruption centers and under different conditions of atmospheric stratification. Such conditions made it possible to show that a volumetric electrostatic structure is formed in the eruptive clouds of the Shiveluch and Bezymyanny volcanoes, which corresponds to the well-known phenomenological model proposed on the basis of studies conducted on various volcanoes of the world. According to this model, a positive volumetric electrostatic charge is formed in the upper part of the eruptive cloud, a negative one in the middle, and a positive one in the lower.
People protection and other axiological dominants of the Russian World: on the way to finding a modern Russian national idea in the conditions of the global multipolarity of the future
Authors: Dobrynin Nikolay M.
Published: December 2024

The article represents the author’s view on the issue of specification of the key vectors for further development of the Russian Statehood, nowadays and for the visible perspective. The emphasis is placed on the fact that such vectors should be determined taking into account the national priority of saving and protection for the Russian multinational people as well as other basic values that form the fundamentals of constitutional ideology as a generally accepted ideology of the state (national ideology). The author concludes that the national priority of people protection, in terms of its content and scale cannot be reduced only to the statistical indicators of fertility and mortality of the population, but should be the leitmotif of all the activities of the constructive institutes of the Russian society and, above all, public administration and their officials. At the same time, an important guarantee of people protection and progressive development of the Russian Federation should be the Rule of Law (in its liberal-conservative understanding), which at the same time a social state is.
Memorial Law: the problem of conceptualization and the limits of regulatory regulation
Authors: Vasiliev Anton A. , Krotkova Natalya V. , Zelenin Yuri A.
Published: December 2024

This article conducts an interdisciplinary study in the field of the intersection of interests of memory policy and Memorial Law, which includes a legal analysis of concepts similar in meaning, an assessment of the relevance and necessity of legalizing terms related to memory policy and Memorial Law, and a study of the regulatory limits of national memorial legislation. The purpose of the study is the conceptualization of Memorial Law and the limits of its legal regulation. The analysis of approaches to the concepts of “Memorial Law” and “Memorial Law” and their relationship is carried out; the positions of opponents and supporters of memorial legislation are considered; the definition of memorial law as an interdisciplinary institute of national legislation and international law is given.
Property relations of spouses: features of legal regulation in modern conditions
Authors: Letova Natalia V.
Published: December 2024

The article analyzes the novelties of legislation aimed at regulating transactions involving spouses, identifies the advantages and disadvantages of the regime of their common joint property, identifies the main difficulties that arise in practice in connection with the application of the relevant rules. The author comes to the conclusion that the norms of the Family Code of the Russian Federation, which determine the content of the legal regime of property of spouses, need modern “adaptation” taking into account the changing relations of civil circulation. It has been proved that the essential influence of the legal status of participants in transactions is manifested not only in their content, but also in their execution, which implies compliance with special requirements aimed at ensuring the protection of their property rights as a result of transactions they conclude regarding their common property.
The article provides a justification for the need to improve the mechanisms for regulating property relations of spouses in order to minimize the risks of recognizing transactions involving spouses as invalid in practice, including by minimizing their diversified regulation, which will contribute to the harmonization of legislation in this area.
Theory of state and law: textbook / ed. by V. N. Zhukov, E. A. Frolova
Authors: Krotkova Natalya V.
Published: December 2024

In the review of the textbook “Theory of state and law” edited by V. N. Zhukov and E. A. Frolova, prepared by the Department of Theory of State and Law and Political Science of the Faculty of Law at Lomonosov Moscow State University, it is noted that the theory of state and law is one of the most stable legal disciplines, where conservative trends are very strong. The Soviet theory of state and law has become an interesting original continuation of the pre-revolutionary general theory of law. In the post-Soviet period, our theoretical and legal science has been noticeably changing in political and ideological terms. The complex nature of theoretical and legal science remains unchanged, it still includes historical, sociological, philosophical and dogmatic components. It is the dogmatic component that brings stability and relative stability to the modern General theory of law. An indicative feature of modern legal theory is the search for a new methodology. Russian textbooks on the general theory of state and law fully reflect the specifics of this science, namely its complex, general theoretical and political-ideological character.
The reviewed textbook is a classic in all respects. It is based on broad social science material from different historical eras and the legal science of the past and present. The experience of pre-revolutionary, Soviet and post-Soviet textbooks has been organically adapted. The proposed methodological and methodological approaches correspond to the best traditions of domestic and foreign theoretical and legal science. It is emphasized that the authors have tried to introduce innovations into the textbook, proven by time and proven in the scientific community.
ДЕМОГРАФІЧНІ ФАКТОРИ ЯК СКЛАДОВА ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ: ВИКЛИКИ ТА ЗАГРОЗИ
Authors: НАПОРЧУК Денис
Published: December 2024

Проведено комплексний аналіз сучасного стану та впливу демографічних факторів на економічну безпеку України в умовах воєнного стану. Аналіз охоплює ключові демографічні показники, такі як чисельність населення, вікова структура, народжуваність, смертність, рівень міграції та динаміка чисельності населення працездатного віку. Визначено основні виклики, пов’язані зі зменшенням трудового потенціалу, зростанням демографічного навантаження та порушенням соціально-економічного балансу. Виявлено, що демографічне старіння та масова міграція посилюють загрози економічній безпеці, особливо за рахунок зниження продуктивності праці та збільшення соціальних витрат держави.
Metode Numerik Dan Alat Komputasi Untuk Menilai Keandalan Sistem Infrastruktur Dan Kerentanan Bahaya Gempa
Authors: Wanto Sri , Devianty Sherly , Wulandari Aprilia , Wantoro Mamik
Published: December 2024

Letak geografis Indonesia berada di wilayah Ring of Fire atau Cincin Api Pasifik, yakni pertemuan tiga lempeng tektonik dunia seperti Lempeng Indo-Australia, Lempeng Eurasia dan Lempeng Pasifik. Oleh sebab itu, Indonesia termasuk negara yang rawan dilanda bencana seperti gempa bumi, letusan gunung berapi hingga tsunami. Dengan adanya kerentanan bahaya alam yang berpotensi diwilayah indonesia maka sangat diperlukan sebuah mitigasi atau penilaian keandalan sistem infrastruktur dan kerentanan bahaya gempa dalam setiap bangunan fasilitas umum yang ada. Dalam penilaian keandalan dan kerentanan bisa digunakan dengan methode numerik dan alat komputasi yaitu dalam artikel ini menyampaikan salah satu software yang bisa digunakan dalam membantu membuat pemodelan sebuah konstruksi dan bisa memprediksi kerentanan bahaya dari setiap tahap gempa yang diterima oleh bangunan tersebut. Dalam pemodelan ini juga bisa memprediksi seberapa besar beban gempa yang bisa diterima oleh bangunan ini sampai mengalami runtuh. Dalam penelitian ini analisa yang menggunakan metode Analisis Pushover dengan software seismostruct yang dimana nanti akan menghasilkan sebuah kurva kapasitas. Hasil dari kurva kapasitas maka bisa digunakan sebagai parameter untuk membuat kurva kerapuhan yaitu hubungan antara probabilitas dengan perpindahan dari respon spektral. Dari hasil kurva kerapuhan dapat diprediksi pada kondisi bagaimana bangunan tersebut mengalami kerusakan ringan, sedang, berat dan runtuh dengan asumsi beban gempa yang semakin meningkat.
Pengaruh Kebijakan K3 Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada Proyek Pembangunan Irigasi Kecamatan Cantigi
Authors: Puspita Rossa , Abdulgani Hamdani , Nanda Mahdika Putra
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh variabel-variabel independen (Komitmen Top Manajemen, Peraturan dan Prosedur K3, Komunikasi Pekerja, Kompetensi Pekerja, Lingkungan Kerja, Keterlibatan Pekerja) terhadap variabel dependen (Kinerja Karyawan) di sebuah proyek konstruksi irigasi. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dari 63 responden dan dianalisis menggunakan uji validitas dan reliabilitas. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa semua variabel independen secara signifikan berkontribusi terhadap kinerja karyawan. Variabel Komunikasi Pekerja menunjukkan korelasi tertinggi dengan kinerja karyawan, diikuti oleh Komitmen Top Manajemen dan Peraturan dan Prosedur K3. Selain itu, instrumen pengukuran untuk semua variabel menunjukkan validitas dan reliabilitas yang baik berdasarkan hasil uji validitas dan reliabilitas menggunakan Cronbach's Alpha.