bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What has employee loyalty to do with “love” to clients? Testing approaches to work as mediators
Authors: Kazemi Ali , Elfstrand Corlin Tinna
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Drawing on the organizational psychology literature and social resource theory, this research aimed to investigate how attitude toward the employer (i.e. loyalty) and attitude toward the client (i.e. approach to work: professional, market-oriented and person-centered) relate to the perceived importance of socio-emotional resources in providing care to older people.

Design/methodology/approach

Swedish frontline care staff members participated in an electronic survey using a cross-sectional design. Mediation analyses were conducted to examine proposed direct and indirect effects of loyalty on the perceived importance of socio-emotional resources in care through three different approaches to work in care settings.

Findings

In general, the results confirmed the hypotheses. Thus, the analyses showed a positive association between employee loyalty and the perceived value of socio-emotional resources in care, which was partially mediated by the person-centered and professional approaches to work. Moreover, the analyses showed that the person-centered approach was more strongly related to the perceived value of socio-emotional resources in care than the other two approaches, lending support to the superiority of the person-centered approach in this context.

Originality/value

The study highlights that there exist multiple approaches to work in care settings. Also, the insights about how loyalty toward the employer relates to approach to work in care settings and the perceived value of socio-emotional resources in care are novel and of crucial importance to practitioners and the outcomes of care.
Smile to pay: predicting continuous usage intention toward contactless payment services in the post-COVID-19 era
Authors: Lee Crystal T. , Pan Ling-Yen
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Financial technology (FinTech) is undergoing a transformation as a result of robotics and artificial intelligence. FinTech service providers are embracing contactless technology, including the development and widespread adoption of innovative payment service. Among the many types of contactless payment services, facial recognition payment (FRP) has gained in popularity. To capitalize on this rising popularity, comprehending the mechanisms underlying continuous usage intention toward FRP is essential. Drawing from the stimulus–organism–response (S-O-R) model, this study investigates how FRP attributes facilitate continuous usage intention.

Design/methodology/approach

In total, 321 Chinese FRP users completed an online survey. Partial least squares structural equation modeling analyzed the results of the survey.

Findings

The results reveal that relative advantage and compatibility, user-interface attractiveness and perceived security (stimuli) promote performance expectancy, effort expectancy and positive emotion (organism), which in turn foster FRP continuous usage intention (response).

Originality/value

This research presents an S-O-R model that incorporates several attributes from DOI theory, the UTAUT model and the AIDUA framework to elucidate the antecedents of consumers' continuous usage intention toward FRP. The findings corroborate the significance of the S-O-R mechanism in FRP, setting the groundwork for the acceptance and development of biometric authentication technologies in service contacts and banks. In addition, the study highlights opportunities and essential aspects for FinTech service developers and providers to consider in terms of their practical significance.
The past, present, and future of first aid and health education: a case study in Hong Kong
Authors: Lo Man Fung , Ng Wai Chung James , Ng Chi Fai Gary , Ng Mei Lan Peggy
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The demand for ambulance services in Hong Kong is increasing and first aid plays an important role in saving lives. The government recognized first aid training courses offered by four organizations. This study aims to review and discuss the past, present and future of first aid and health training in Hong Kong.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopted a case study approach to investigate the operations and development of the first aid and health training in one of the largest training providers in Hong Kong. Publicly available secondary data, including annual reports, websites, newspapers and social media, were collected and analysed. Using the thematic analysis procedure, researchers familiarised the data collected, generated initial codes, searched for themes, reviewed themes, defined themes and reported the results.

Findings

Through data analysis, researchers identified six themes which help to address the research questions regarding the types of first aid and health training courses, quality issue, awareness of first aid in the community and the future delivery of first aid training.

Practical implications

This study provided two implications on both micro and macro levels. At the micro level, training providers can enhance training quality by adopting technology. At the macro level, training providers can continue to advocate and facilitate the integration of first aid into the formal education curriculum. The last section addressed the limitations of this study and provided future research directions.

Originality/value

This study provided insights about the development of the first aid and health education and training. Health-care training providers and policymakers could benchmark the findings from this study and develop appropriate measures for promoting health education.
Disruptive technologies for human resource management: a conceptual framework development and research agenda
Authors: Priyashantha K.G.
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Disruptive technologies for human resource management (HRM) lack evidence about synthesizing its antecedents and outcomes in the empirical research landscape. This review study was conducted addressing two objectives: (1) to identify the themes of HRM technology empirically researched and (2) to develop a conceptual framework for the antecedents and outcomes of disruptive technologies for HRM.

Design/methodology/approach

This article was positioned as a literature review based on the systematic literature review (SLR) methodology. Seventeen articles published between 2000 and 2020 were included for the review from Scopus and LENS.ORG databases. The article screening, inclusion and analysis and findings reporting were based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA).

Findings

In addressing the first objective, the review found that the electronic human resource management (E-HRM) intention and communication technology support impact E-HRM adoption, resulting in many outcomes. The outcomes include HRM service quality, organizational effectiveness, employee productivity and competitive advantage. In addressing the study's second objective, a conceptual framework was developed based on the gaps identified regarding the determinants and positive outcomes of disruptive technologies for HRM. Thus, the conceptual framework was presented from two perspectives. The perspectives were deduced with review results and theoretical grounds.

Research limitations/implications

The findings related to the two objectives provide theoretical and practical implications. One significant practical implication is that action and work-based learning of managers and employees in organizations may suggest adopting disruptive technologies for HRM. Thus future studies can focus on them as determinants of adopting disruptive technologies for HRM to conduct empirical tests. Besides, the findings provide some other future research directions.

Originality/value

The study found empirically proven determinants of E-HRM intention and communication technology support impact E-HRM adoption, which results in many positive outcomes. These were synthesized based on the studies conducted during the period 2000–2020. This synthesis and theoretical grounding deduced a conceptual framework for determinants and outcomes of disruptive technologies for HRM.
Ungulate spatiotemporal responses to contrasting predation risk from wolves and snow leopards
Authors: Kachel Shannon , Bayrakcısmith Rana , Kubanychbekov Zairbek , Kulenbekov Rahim , McCarthy Thomas , Weckworth Byron , Wirsing Aaron
Published: November 2022

Spatial responses to risk from multiple predators can precipitate emergent consequences for prey (i.e. multiple‐predator effects, MPEs) and mediate indirect interactions between predators. How prey navigate risk from multiple predators may therefore have important ramifications for understanding the propagation of predation‐risk effects (PREs) through ecosystems.

The interaction of predator and prey traits has emerged as a potentially key driver of antipredator behaviour but remains underexplored in large vertebrate systems, particularly where sympatric prey share multiple predators. We sought to better generalize our understanding of how predators influence their ecosystems by considering how multiple sources of contingency drive prey distribution in a multi‐predator–multi‐prey system.

Specifically, we explored how two sympatric ungulates with different escape tactics—vertically agile, scrambling ibex Capra sibirica and sprinting argali Ovis ammon—responded to predation risk from shared predators with contrasting hunting modes—cursorial wolves Canis lupus and vertical‐ambushing, stalking snow leopards Panthera uncia.

Contrasting risk posed by the two predators presented prey with clear trade‐offs. Ibex selected for greater exposure to chronic long‐term risk from snow leopards, and argali for wolves, in a nearly symmetrical manner that was predictable based on the compatibility of their respective traits. Yet, acute short‐term risk from the same predator upended these long‐term strategies, increasing each ungulates' exposure to risk from the alternate predator in a manner consistent with a scenario in which conflicting antipredator behaviours precipitate risk‐enhancing MPEs and mediate predator facilitation. By contrast, reactive responses to wolves led ibex to reduce their exposure to risk from both predators—a risk‐reducing MPE. Evidence of a similar reactive risk‐reducing effect for argali vis‐à‐vis snow leopards was lacking.

Our results suggest that prey spatial responses and any resulting MPEs and prey‐mediated interactions between predators are contingent on the interplay of hunting mode and escape tactics. Further investigation of interactions among various drivers of contingency in PREs will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding and improved forecasting of the ecological effects of predators.
Herbarium records provide reliable phenology estimates in the understudied tropics
Authors: Park Daniel S. , Lyra Goia M. , Ellison Aaron M. , Maruyama Rogério Katsuhito Barbosa , dos Reis Torquato Débora , Asprino Renata C. , Cook Benjamin I. , Davis Charles C.
Published: November 2022

Plant phenology has been shifting dramatically in response to climate change, a shift that may have significant and widespread ecological consequences. Of particular concern are tropical biomes, which represent the most biodiverse and imperilled regions of the world. However, compared to temperate floras, we know little about phenological responses of tropical plants because long‐term observational datasets from the tropics are sparse.

Herbarium specimens have greatly increased our phenological knowledge in temperate regions, but similar data have been underutilized in the tropics and their suitability for this purpose has not been broadly validated. Here, we compare phenological estimates derived from field observational data (i.e. plot surveys) and herbarium specimens at various spatial and taxonomic scales to determine whether specimens can provide accurate estimations of reproductive timing and its spatial variation.

Here, we demonstrate that phenological estimates from field observations and herbarium specimens coincide well. Fewer than 5% of the species exhibited significant differences between flowering periods inferred from field observations versus specimens regardless of spatial aggregation. In contrast to studies based on field records, herbarium specimens sampled much larger geographic and climatic ranges, as has been documented previously for temperate plants, and effectively captured phenological responses across varied environments.

Synthesis. Herbarium specimens are verified to be a vital resource for closing the gap in our phenological knowledge of tropical systems. Tropical plant reproductive phenology inferred from herbarium records is widely congruent with field observations, suggesting that they can and should be used to investigate phenological variation and their associated environmental cues more broadly across tropical biomes.
Plant C:N ratio predicts community composition changes under N addition in an alpine meadow
Authors: Peng Jinlong , Ma Fangfang , Tian Dashuan , Quan Quan , Chen Chen , Liao Jiaqiang , Zhou Qingping , Niu Shuli
Published: November 2022

Plant functional traits play important roles in determining plant responses to environmental change and further shaping community composition, but the role of plant stoichiometry remains poorly understood in regulating community responses to continually increased nitrogen (N) deposition.

In this paper, we used a 5‐year manipulative experiment with six N addition rates (Nrate) to explore how the N response of different plant functional groups including forbs, grasses, sedges and legumes links to above‐ground plant carbon‐to‐N ratio (C:N, related to N use strategies) in an alpine meadow.

We found that plant C:N explained 45.8% and 42.6% of N response variation among functional groups in plant above‐ground net primary productivity (ANPP) and abundance. Over increasing Nrate, functional groups with higher C:N (grasses and sedges) tended to grow better and have greater abundance, yet those with lower C:N (forbs and legumes) were at risk of loss, subsequently mitigating the N‐caused decline in community‐level plant C:N. This was mainly due to that functional groups with higher C:N not only possessed higher N use efficiency but also had greater competitiveness for above‐ground light due to higher plant height. In addition, we also found that plant C:N differences among functional groups remained relatively constant over Nrate, suggesting that the ability of this trait to indicate functional group‐specific N responses was stable.

Synthesis. Our results show that the N responses of different herbaceous plants can be well explained by plant C:N. Thus, we suggest the prediction of plant community composition changes under N deposition would be greatly improved by considering this easily measured stoichiometric trait.
The transnational influence of natural disasters on environmental attitudes
Authors: KALATZI PANTERA DAFNI , BÖHMELT TOBIAS , BAKAKI ZORZETA
Published: November 2022

Natural disasters can affect individuals’ views about the environment, especially when these events are extreme and experienced by people directly (locally). In one of the first comprehensive and systematic attempts, we explore whether a similar relationship exists transnationally – a cross‐border effect stemming from environmental disasters abroad on public opinion ‘at home’. Spatial analyses present robust evidence that people's environmental salience attitudes are substantially driven by disaster‐related deaths in nearby countries. It follows that environmental disasters cannot be treated as isolated incidents within state borders, but they rather have far‐reaching, transnational consequences on public opinion and, potentially, policy. Accordingly, this research adds to our understanding of environmental politics, public opinion, natural disasters and diffusion effects.
Efficacy and safety of triple therapy containing berberine hydrochloride, amoxicillin, and rabeprazole in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Chen Xing Xing , Chen Yu Xin , Bi Han Xin , Zhao Xin , Zhang Li Feng , Liu Jun Ye , Shi Yong Quan
Published: November 2022

Objective

To estimate the effectiveness and safety of triple therapy containing berberine, amoxicillin, and rabeprazole in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori).

Methods

This prospective, randomized controlled, open‐label, noninferiority trial included treatment‐naive patients with H. pylori infection who were randomly allocated at a ratio of 1:1 into the berberine triple therapy group (berberine hydrochloride 300 mg thrice daily, amoxicillin 1 g twice daily, and rabeprazole 10 mg twice daily) or standard bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy group (amoxicillin 1 g twice daily, rabeprazole 10 mg twice daily, clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily, and bismuth tartrate 200 mg twice daily) for 14 days. Negative 13C/14C‐urea breath test at 4 weeks after completion of the therapy was regarded as successful eradication.

Results

Altogether 262 and 262 patients received berberine triple therapy and bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy, respectively. Both intention‐to‐treat (79.8% vs 80.9%, P = 0.742) and per‐protocol analyses (83.6% and 85.1%, P = 0.636) showed comparable eradication rate between the two groups, indicating a noninferior eradication rate (the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval over −10% [−7.9% and −7.87%, respectively]). Adverse events more commonly occurred in the bismuth‐containing quadruple‐therapy group (8.8% vs 16.0%, P = 0.012), while patient compliance and symptom improvement of the two regimens were comparable.

Conclusion

Triple therapy containing berberine, amoxicillin and rabeprazole is noninferior to bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy in the initial treatment for H. pylori eradication.
Impact of innovative nanoadditives on biodigesters microbiome
Authors: Hassaneen Fatma Y. , Abdallah Rehab Z. , Abdallah Muhammed S. , Ahmed Nashaat , Abd Elaziz Shereen M. M. , El‐Mokhtar Mohamed A. , Badary Mohamed S. , Siam Rania , Allam Nageh K.
Published: November 2022

Nanoparticles (NPs) supplementation to biodigesters improves the digestibility of biowaste and the generation of biogas. This study investigates the impact of innovative nanoadditives on the microbiome of biodigesters. Fresh cow manure was anaerobically incubated in a water bath under mesophilic conditions for 30 days. Three different NPs (zinc ferrite, zinc ferrite with 10% carbon nanotubes and zinc ferrite with 10% C76 fullerene) were separately supplemented to the biodigesters at the beginning of the incubation period. Methane and hydrogen production were monitored daily. Manure samples were collected from the digesters at different time points and the microbial communities inside the biodigesters were investigated via real‐time PCR and 16 S rRNA gene amplicon‐sequencing. The results indicate that zinc ferrite NPs enhanced biogas production the most. The microbial community was significantly affected by NPs addition in terms of archaeal and bacterial 16 S rRNAgene copy numbers. The three ZF formulations NPs augmented the abundance of members within the hydrogenotrophic methanogenic phyla Methanobacteriaceae. While Methanomassiliicoccacaea were enriched in ZF/C76 supplemented biodigester due to a significant increase in hydrogen partial pressure, probably caused by the enrichment of Spirochaetaceae (genus Treponema). Overall, NPs supplementation significantly enriched acetate‐producing members within Hungateiclostridiaceae in ZF/CNTs, Dysgonomonadaceae in ZF and Spirochaetaceae ZF/C76 biodigesters.
Management‐Employee Alliance and Earnings Opacity*
Authors: Khurana Inder K. , Zhong Rong (Irene)
Published: November 2022

The rise of stakeholder governance has triggered a wave of legal initiatives to strengthen the employee voice in firms. However, how managers trade off the competing objectives between shareholders and employees when making financial reporting decisions is not well understood. Exploiting staggered employment protection laws (EPLs) across 26 countries, we find that managers facing strong EPLs report more opaque earnings. Exploring the mechanism, we show that EPLs induce manager‐employee alliance: EPLs enhance employees' power to influence managers' private benefits and create an incentive for managers to treat employees more favorably, leading to an increase in manager‐employee reciprocal benefits. Further analysis shows that the alliance drives the increase in opacity following EPLs. Such alliance‐induced opacity impedes the ability of institutional shareholders to make timely adjustments to portfolio holdings in response to EPLs. Last, we identify several governance mechanisms that help break the manager‐employee nexus and restore reporting transparency. Overall, our study documents manager‐employee alliance as a potential cost of rigid labor laws and an important source of managerial reporting bias.
Fall risk factors in hospitalized bone marrow transplant patients: A systematic review
Authors: Turkoglu Nicole M. , Shang Jingjing
Published: November 2022

Background

Certain types of cancer and treatment increase the risk of falls among cancer patients, particularly patients with hematologic cancer undergoing bone marrow transplant (BMT). Nurses are integral to preventing falls and maintaining patient safety. Understanding patients undergoing BMT fall risk factors may help nurses identify high fall risk patients and develop fall prevention interventions.

Purpose

This systematic review aims to identify risk factors for falls among hospitalized adult patients receiving BMT treatment.

Methods

Guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses, a systematic review of the literature was conducted by searching databases PubMed and CINAHL. Study quality was evaluated using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool form (v1.4).

Findings

An initial search yielded 829 articles; six were included for final review after removing duplicates and screening for inclusion criteria: specific to patients undergoing BMT, measure fall outcome, in hospital, and original research. The identified risk factors include age of 65 and older, leukemia diagnosis, days of diarrhea, incontinence of urine or stool, increased pulse rate, muscle weakness, hypnotic, anxiolytic medication, recent steroid use, allogenic transplant, and post‐engraftment period.

Conclusions

Risk factors for falls among patients undergoing BMT are multifactorial and are related to muscle weakness, medication administration, pulse rate, type of transplant, age, engraftment period, and bathroom use.

Implications for nursing

Nurses providing care to patients undergoing BMT need to assess and increase nurse surveillance on allogeneic transplant patients, specifically those on anxiolytic, hypnotic, and steroid medications. Nurses providing care to patients undergoing BMT should implement more fall prevention strategies in patients undergoing BMT who develop diarrhea and urine or stool incontinence. Identifying specific patients undergoing BMT fall risk factors and applying multifaceted individualized fall prevention strategies has the potential to improve allogeneic transplant patient care and prevent fall‐related complications.
Ecology and phenology of the Dysderidae (Araneae) in the Djurdjura National Park (Algeria)
Authors: Chaib Salma , Kherbouche‐Abrous Ourida , Beladjal Lynda
Published: November 2022

The ecology and phenology of the Dysderidae (Araneae) were investigated in two different sites (Tala‐Guilef and Tikjda), located at opposite slopes of the Djurdjura National Park in Algeria. The following questions were investigated: Are there any endemic species in the studied area? Do the slopes' orientation influence the abundance, richness and diversity of these spider communities? Are the activity and the vital cycle of the three most abundant species different in the two different plant physiognomies (cedar forests and alpine grasslands)? The Dysderidae were collected monthly for 2 years using pitfall traps. In total, 1532 specimens were collected: 333 males, 389 females and 381 juveniles in Tala‐Guilef and 230 males, 66 females and 133 juveniles in Tikjda. Among the total of 10 species sampled, three species belonging to three genera in Tala‐Guilef, 10 species belonging to four genera in Tikdja and four endemic species was recorded. The slope orientation influence the abundance and the species richness. The activity and the vital cycle of the three most abundant species were not different in the cedar forests and alpine grasslands. For these species, no relationship was found between the activity cycle and the vegetation physiognomy.
Differences in Immune phenotype in decidual tissue from multigravid women compared to primigravid women
Authors: Laskewitz Anne , Kieffer Tom. E. C. , van Benthem Karlijn L. , Erwich Jan Jaap H. M. , Faas Marijke M. , Prins Jelmer R.
Published: November 2022

Problem

Women with a previous uncomplicated pregnancy have lower risks of immune‐associated pregnancy disorders in a subsequent pregnancy. This could indicate a different maternal immune response in multigravid women compared to primigravid women. In a previous study, we showed persistent higher memory T cell proportions with higher CD69 expression after uncomplicated pregnancies. To our knowledge no studies have reported on immune cells in general, and immune memory cells and macrophages specifically in multigravid and primigravid women.

Method of study

T cells and macrophages were isolated from term decidua parietalis and decidua basalis tissue from healthy primigravid women (n = 12) and multigravid women (n = 12). Using flow cytometry, different T cell populations including memory T cells and macrophages were analyzed. To analyze whether a different immune phenotype is already present in early pregnancy, decidual tissue from uncomplicated ongoing pregnancies between 9 and 12 weeks of gestation from multigravida and primigravid women was investigated using qRT‐PCR.

Results

Nearly all T cell subsets analyzed in the decidua parietalis had significantly higher CD69+ proportions in multigravid women compared to primigravid women. A higher proportion of decidual (CD50−) M2‐like macrophages was found in the decidua parietalis in multigravid women compared to primigravid women. In first trimester decidual tissue higher FOXP3 mRNA expression was found in multigravid women compared to primigravid women.

Conclusions

This study shows that decidual tissue from multigravid women has a more activated and immunoregulatory phenotype compared to decidual tissue from primigravid women in early pregnancy and at term which could suggest a more balanced immune adaptation towards pregnancy after earlier uncomplicated pregnancies.
Why we need more methods for male contraception
Authors: Nieschlag Eberhard , Nieschlag Susan
Published: November 2022

The US Supreme Court decision against abortion has once again triggered the call for male contraception. However, in addition to existing methods, there are further reasons why pharmacological reversible easy‐to‐use male contraception should be available. Green activists and environmentalists have to recognize that overpopulation consume resources. Medical progress results in increasing life expectancy and must be combined with contraception. Sharing the risks of contraception among partners and “Reproductive Autonomy for All” are ethical issues. The resistance of the pharmacological industry to becoming partners in male contraception must be overcome by public financial subsidies and popular demand.
A complete dissection of the whole testicular parenchyma is required in most patients with nonobstructive azoospermia to obtain enough good quality testicular spermatozoa for ICSI
Authors: Caroppo Ettore , Castiglioni Fabrizio , Nerva Franco , Colpi Elisabetta Maria , Gazzano Giacomo , Colpi Giovanni Maria
Published: November 2022

Background

Due to the heterogeneous distribution of seminiferous tubules (STs) in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA), retrieving enough good quality spermatozoa for ICSI may require a complete testicular dissection. According to the only available study in this field, spermatozoa may be found in the testis surface in 34.2% of patients, while a deeper testicular dissection is able to provide spermatozoa for ICSI in 28% of those without spermatozoa in the testis surface.

Objectives

To determine the probability of finding enough spermatozoa for ICSI at the initial wide incision of the testis in a cohort of men with NOA undergoing microdissection testicular spermatozoa extraction (mTESE).

Materials and methods

We evaluated 276 patients, aged 37 (20–62) years, who underwent unilateral (86, 31.15%) or bilateral (190, 68.8%) mTESE from January 2018 through December 2021. During mTESE, the entire surface of the testicular parenchyma was explored first in search for dilated STs: if no/ not enough spermatozoa were retrieved, the deeper portion of the parenchyma was explored.

Results

Spermatozoa were retrieved in 137 patients (49.6%). Histopathology demonstrated Sertoli‐cell only syndrome in 65.6% of operated testes, while maturation arrest was found in 19.5%, hypospermatogenesis (HS) in 12.7%, and hyalinosis in 2%. Spermatozoa were obtained from the testis surface in 46 of 276 patients (16.6%), and after a complete dissection in 91 subjects (32.9%). On multivariate logistic regression, only the histopathological subcategory HS was predictive of the chance of retrieving spermatozoa from the surface of the testis (OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.37–7.69, p = 0.007).

Discussion

Most patients with NOA, particularly those with unfavorable histopathological patterns, require a complete dissection of the testicular parenchyma to obtain enough good quality for ICSI.

Conclusions

By enabling the complete exploration of the testicular parenchyma, mTESE is to be preferred to cTESE to retrieve spermatozoa in patients with NOA.
Electrographic lead I and V5 monitoring could have detected a missed left‐side pneumothorax intraoperatively
Authors: Lee Chihjen , Yumul Roya , Vongchaichinsri Colby , Tsai Kevin , Wang Lena
Published: November 2022

We present an EKG monitoring strategy to detect pneumothorax during high‐risk surgery. In the literature, EKG changes and pneumothorax are well‐described. However, anesthesiologists only monitor lead II on a three‐lead EKG system in the operating room. In our case, there was only a subtle change in lead II for a left‐sided pneumothorax, which could have been easily missed. On the contrary, there was a marked QRS amplitude reduction and T wave flattening/inversion in lead I and V5. We recommend lead V5 be added to the continuous monitoring and lead I be periodically checked for surgeries known to potentially cause pneumothorax.
Youth and Decolonial Politics in a Relational Context
Authors: Gergan Mabel , Krishnan Sneha , Smith Sara , Young Stephen
Published: November 2022

The lives of children and young people are conditioned in important ways by the imperial and colonial intimacies that have shaped our world. Yet, we know relatively little about how they encounter and comprehend the histories, legacies, and continuities of colonisation and racial capitalism, nor how this comes to shape their political orientations and practices. This article introduces a series of five papers that examine the everyday practices, reflections, and desires of young people in different parts of the world as they seek to understand where they fit in imperial constellations that cross generations, borders, and oceans.
Implementing infant and family‐centred developmental care: Exploring the impact of an innovative educational initiative
Authors: Gibbs Deanna , Warren Inga Marian
Published: November 2022

Aim

Evidence‐based standards for infant and family‐centred developmental care are shaping neonatal care. However, the translation of theory and evidence into practice is challenging. This study aimed at exploring the mechanisms by which a structured learning and mentoring model influences the implementation of infant and family‐centred developmental care within neonatal practitioners' own clinical practice.

Methods

The study used a descriptive qualitative design. Five neonatal practitioners participated in semistructured interviews. Interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed for thematic analysis.

Results

The qualitative analysis gave rise to four themes and nine subthemes. The four primary themes were motivation and preparedness for FINE 2; learning experiences during FINE 2; post‐training reflections and experiences; and anticipating the future.

Conclusion

Neonatal practitioners reported positive outcomes from their participation in relation to the development of their knowledge and skills, their performance of their clinical role and the influence on their relationships with other neonatal staff. Being adequately prepared for the programme in terms of managing the time demands, enabling peer support, the role of additional reading and ensuring realistic line management support were identified as important mechanisms for successful engagement and are being used to support further enhancements of the FINE 2 programme.
The socio‐economic impact of certification schemes in conflict‐affected regions: The case of arabica coffee in the Eastern DRC
Authors: Slosse Wannes , Buysse Jeroen , Schoors Koen , Godfroid Ivan , Boyen Michaela , D'Haese Marijke
Published: November 2022

The paper investigates the benefits of certification of cooperatives in conflict‐affected areas. We study whether and how certification may contribute to attenuate the impact of conflicts on the members of coffee cooperatives in the Eastern DRC. We use an inverse probability weighted difference‐in‐difference approach to study data collected between December 2017 and October 2019 from four NGO‐supported cooperatives. Two of these cooperatives got organic certification in 2018, of which one got an additional Small Producers Symbol (SPP) certification in 2018. Certified cooperatives allow Arabica coffee producers to access markets and buffer against drops in market prices. Results indicate that certified cooperatives were better able to resist the international price drop than non‐certified cooperatives and the alternative informal markets. The results also suggest that certified cooperative members increased their sales to the cooperative instead of turning to informal side‐selling. We find a decrease in reported food deficits by the members of certified cooperatives and an increase in the importance of coffee in their household's income. We conclude that certification is an effective way forward for smallholder coffee producers and cooperatives in unstable regions.
Role of natural mTOR inhibitors in treatment of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Noori Tayebeh , Sureda Antoni , Shirooie Samira
Published: November 2022

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common and complex problems in today's society and is responsible for many socio‐economic problems. Type 1 diabetes is due to a defect in insulin secretion caused by a destruction of pancreatic β cells. In contrast, the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes is associated with the development of insulin resistance in the liver and peripheral tissues, a decrease in β‐cell mass, and a defect in insulin secretion. Various factors such as inflammation, stress, obesity, and lifestyle are involved in diabetes. Long‐term or chronic increase in glucose in these patients is the leading causes of secondary disorders such as micro‐ and macro‐angiopathy, weakness of the antioxidant defense system, and metabolic disorders and altered lipid profile. The above conditions lead to short‐term and long‐term complications. These complications cause damage to the physical and physiological function of diverse organs of the body and threaten human health. Late complications of diabetes, including nephropathy, retinopathy, cardiovascular complications, neuropathy, hypertension, and weight gain, are common, and more research has been done on them. Numerous drugs such as meglitinides, biguanides, and thiazolidinedione have been proposed to reduce high blood sugar, but due to the lack of complete cure of this disease with the use of existing drugs, the tendency to use alternative and traditional therapies has increased. In the meantime, the role of herbs with hypoglycemic properties in the treatment of diabetic patients cannot be ignored. The consumption of herbs by people with diabetes has become widespread even in Western countries. The use of herbs could be considered when conventional therapies cannot control the disease, and the patient needs to be prescribed insulin. The mammalian target of rapamycin, mTOR, plays a significant role in regulating cell growth, cellular metabolic status in response to nutrients, many extracellular cues, and growth factors. Impaired insulin secretion can lead to altered mTOR signaling. The mTOR pathway has shown different behaviors depending on the situation. It has been shown that mTOR can regulate the adaptation of β cells to blood sugar, and chronic inhibition of the mTOR pathway can also induce diabetes. Here, we have reviewed recent findings on the role of mTOR in major metabolic organs, such as the liver, pancreas, brain, and adipose tissue and muscle, and discussed its potential as a diabetes‐related drug target.
Global patterns and drivers of raptor phylogenetic and functional diversity
Authors: Montaño‐Centellas Flavia , Baiser Benjamin , McGrew Alicia , Trotta Lauren , Li Daijiang
Published: November 2022

Aim

Raptors, a highly threatened but ecologically important group of birds, have been recognized as a good proxy for overall biodiversity in conservation planning. However, previous work on raptor diversity focused predominantly on taxonomic diversity. Here, we assess the global patterns of raptor taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity and their association with current and historical environmental factors.

Location

Global.

Time period

Present day.

Major taxa studied

Raptors.

Methods

We compiled information from distribution maps, global trait datasets and avian phylogenies for all extant raptors. We used generalized least squares (GLS) to assess the relationship between historical and contemporary environmental predictors and species richness, phylogenetic diversity [Faith's phylogenetic diversity index (Faith's PD), mean pairwise distance (MPD) and mean nearest taxon distance (MNTD)] and functional diversity of traits related to raptor morphology, lifestyles, diet, foraging and vagility, while controlling for spatial autocorrelation.

Results

Raptor taxonomic diversity peaked in tropical regions and nearby mountain ranges. After controlling for species richness, species‐poor assemblages in high latitudes and deserts were more phylogenetically and functionally diverse than expected by chance. In species‐rich assemblages, diet and foraging traits had greater variation, whereas morphological traits had less variation than expected, suggesting that species packing promoted adaptive radiation in these assemblages. Historical climate influenced phylogenetic diversity and functional diversity of morphological, foraging and diet traits, leaving a signal of evolutionary history on modern assemblages. Human footprint was also an important driver of MPD and of niche and vagility trait functional diversity, with higher phylogenetic diversity in disturbed areas and with higher functional diversity in regions with intermediate levels of disturbance.

Main conclusions

Both palaeoclimate and contemporary environmental conditions are important drivers of raptor phylogenetic and functional diversity. We found large mismatches among taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity, demonstrating how different processes filter lineages and species traits shaping raptor assemblages. Our results highlight the need to consider multiple dimensions of diversity to inform conservation planning better when using raptors as umbrella species.
Exploring first‐time mothers' experiences and knowledge about behavioural risk factors for stillbirth
Authors: Escañuela Sánchez Tamara , Matvienko‐Sikar Karen , Meaney Sarah , O'Donoghue Keelin
Published: November 2022

Background

Modifiable factors such as substance use, lack of attendance at antenatal care, overweight or obesity and sleeping position are associated with a higher risk of stillbirth. This qualitative study aimed to explore women's experiences of modifiable factors during pregnancy and their awareness of stillbirth.

Methods

Purposive sampling was implemented by hospital staff in a large tertiary maternity hospital in Ireland between November 2020 and March 2021. Women were approached during their stay in the hospital and were invited to participate in a semistructured interview 3–5 months later. Eligible women were primiparous, >18 years of age and had an uncomplicated pregnancy and delivery. Eighteen women who consented to be followed up were interviewed at 3–5 months postpartum. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.

Results

Four themes were identified: attitudes towards behaviour change, awareness regarding stillbirth and risk factors, the silence around stillbirth and risks, and attitudes towards receiving information about stillbirth. Women spoke about behaviour change in terms of outcomes, and most changes (e.g., ceasing alcohol consumption) were perceived as easy to manage. Awareness of stillbirth was limited among the women interviewed, and the association between risk behaviours and stillbirth was not known by any woman. Results suggest that there is a silence around stillbirth, including in antenatal care, which hinders information provision. However, most women highlighted the value of receiving information and extra education about modifiable risk factors and stillbirth.

Conclusion

There is a general lack of understanding of the link between behavioural risk factors and potential pregnancy outcomes such as stillbirth. Providing further information to women about stillbirth and providing additional support with behaviour change might contribute to enhancing preventive efforts.

Patient or Public Contribution

Patients were involved in this study by providing their experiences of antenatal care which were used as primary data.
A national questionnaire survey of Japanese urologists on active surveillance for low‐ and intermediate‐risk prostate cancer
Authors: Kato Takuma , Tohi Yoichiro , Honda Tomoko , Matsuda Iori , Osaki Yu , Naito Hirohito , Matsuoka Yuki , Okazoe Homare , Taoka Rikiya , Tsunemori Hiroyuki , Ueda Nobufumi , Sugimoto Mikio
Published: November 2022

Objective

To conduct a national questionnaire survey of Japanese urologists on active surveillance (AS) for low‐ and intermediate‐risk prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods

A questionnaire was sent to 922 Japanese Urological Association Teaching Base Hospitals. The items included were years of experience as a urologist, sex, workplace, treatment equipment owned, specialty area of daily practice, specialty area of urological cancer, and six hypothetical cases of AS. The cases were categorized by the following Gleason scores: 3 + 3 low risk of PCa, 3 + 4 intermediate risk, and 4 + 3 intermediate risk, with or without comorbidities for each case. Comorbidities were defined as cardiovascular diseases or illnesses warranting anticoagulant therapy.

Results

Altogether, 1962 questionnaires were analyzed. Responses were almost equally distributed among all age groups. Workplaces included general hospitals (49.4%), university hospitals (40.3%), and cancer centers (4.2%). Percentages of proposed AS for low risk/no comorbidity, low risk/with comorbidity, intermediate‐risk 3 + 4/no comorbidity, intermediate risk 3 + 4/with comorbidity, intermediate risk 4 + 3/no comorbidity, and intermediate risk 4 + 3/with comorbidity were 90.5%, 90%, 39.5%, 48.7%, 15%, and 22%, respectively. Analysis of the correspondents' backgrounds showed that the more the urologists' years of experience, the less they were to advise AS of low‐risk patients. In the presence of comorbidities, urologists across all age groups tended to propose AS, even in the same Gleason grade group. Cancer center urologists recommended AS more often than their counterparts at general and university hospitals.

Conclusions

Approximately 40% of urologists proposed AS for intermediate‐risk cases, confirming that AS for intermediate‐risk patients is being considered in Japan.
How Migrant Resource Centres affect migration decisions: Quasi‐experimental evidence from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Iraq and Pakistan
Authors: Dennison James
Published: November 2022

Several Migrant Resource Centres (MRCs) have been set up in South Asia jointly by national governments of origin and destination countries. Their objectives include encouragement of potential migrants to seek regular rather than irregular routes and to ensure the safety of those migrating, regardless of status. Of theoretical note, their activities utilise innovative, highly personalised counselling. This article provides quasi‐experimental evidence of the effect of four activities – telephone and online counselling, and college outreach and pre‐departure sessions – on 2215 randomly allocated users of the MRCs' services across six MRCs in four countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Iraq and Pakistan. The effects are a large reduction in self‐reported likelihood of migrating irregularly, and a strong increase in awareness of safe options and who to contact for assistance whilst migrating. The effects are consistent across activity type and MRC location, although magnitudes vary. These findings have implications for our understanding of how the decision to migrate is made, what interventions are effective and why.
Acoustic seascape partitioning through functional data analysis
Authors: Ariza Alejandro , Lebourges‐Dhaussy Anne , Nerini David , Pauthenet Etienne , Roudaut Gildas , Assunção Ramilla , Tosetto Everton , Bertrand Arnaud
Published: November 2022

Aim

Water column acoustic backscatter is regularly registered during oceanographic surveys, providing valuable information on the composition and distribution of pelagic life in the ocean. We propose an objective approach based on functional data analysis to classify these acoustic seascapes into biogeographical regions.

Location

Tropical South Atlantic Ocean off northeastern Brazil.

Taxon

Sound‐scattering pelagic fauna detected with acoustic echosounders, principally small fish, crustaceans, squid and diverse gelatinous life‐forms.

Methods

We use acoustic backscatter as a function of depth, simultaneously at three frequencies, to numerically describe the vertical distribution and composition of sound‐scattering organisms in the water column. This information is used to classify the acoustic seascape through functional principal component analysis. The analysis routine is tested and illustrated with data collected at 38, 70 and 120 kHz in waters affected by contrasting environmental conditions.

Results

Acoustic seascape partitioning mirrored the distribution of current systems, fronts and taxonomically based regionalization. The study area was divided between slope‐boundary and open‐ocean waters, and between spring and fall hydrological regimes.

Main Conclusions

The acoustic seascape consistency and the spatiotemporal coherence of the regions classified show that the method is efficient at identifying homogeneous and cohesive sound‐scattering communities. Comparisons against hydrological and biological regionalization prove that the method is reliable at delineating distinct pelagic ecosystems in a cost‐efficient and non‐intrusive way.