bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analytical Solutions for Multiple Matrix in Fractured Reservoirs: Application to Conventional and Unconventional Reservoirs
Authors: Torcuk Mehmet A. , Kurtoglu Basak , Alharthy Najeeb , Kazemi Hossein
Published: August 2013

In this paper, we present a new method to model heterogeneity and flow channeling in petroleum reservoirs—especially reservoirs containing interconnected microfractures. The method is applicable to both conventional and unconventional reservoirs where the interconnected microfractures form the major flow path. The flow equations, which could include flow contributions from matrix blocks of various size, permeability, and porosities, are solved by the Laplace-transform analytical solutions and finite-difference numerical solutions. The accuracy of flow from and into nanodarcy matrix blocks is of great interest to those dealing with unconventional reservoirs; thus, matrix flow equations are solved by use of both pseudosteady-state (PSS) and unsteady state (USS) formulations and the results are compared.

The matrix blocks can be of different size and properties within the representative elementary volume (REV) in the analytical solutions, and within each control volume (CV) in the numerical solutions. Although the analytical solutions were developed for slightly compressible rock/fluid linear systems, the numerical solutions are general and can be used for nonlinear, multiphase, multicomponent flow problems.

The mathematical solutions were used to analyze the longterm and short-term performances of two separate wells in an unconventional reservoir. It is concluded that matrix contribution to flow is very slow in a typical low-permeability unconventional reservoir and much of the enhanced production is from the fluids contained in the microfractures rather than in the matrix.

In addition to field applications, the mathematical formulations and solution methods are presented in a transparent fashion to allow easy usage of the techniques for reservoir and engineering applications.
Tie-Line-Based K-Value Method for Compositional Simulation
Authors: Rannou Guillaume , Voskov Denis , Tchelepi Hamdi
Published: August 2013

The thermodynamic behavior of multicomponent multiphase systems is highly nonlinear, and the coupling to the flow equations is quite complex; as a result, equation-of-state (EOS) -based simulations can be computationally prohibitive. We describe a new K-value method that captures the compositional dependence of the phase behavior. Specifically, we propose a method for selecting compositions used in the tabulation of K-values and define an operator that interpolates the K-values as a function of pressure and composition. The method employs the minimal critical pressure (MCP) to detect supercritical compositions, which allows for effective modeling of multicontact miscible displacements. We compare our K-value approach with standard EOS compositional simulation for several isothermal problems, and we demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method.
Cellular Nutrition and Nutritional Medicine in Diabetes and Related Complications: An Overview
Authors: Chattopadhyay Debprasad , Eddouks Mohamed
Published: August 2013

Diabetes is a chronic condition of impaired glucose cycle that alters the
whole metabolism leading to high blood glucose level. Diabetes occurs when the
pancreatic beta cells are either unable to produce enough insulin, or the body cells were
unable to use available insulin effectively. Insulin, a storage hormone produced in the
pancreatic beta cells, helps to absorb glucose for the production of energy during
cellular respiration. Thus, failure of absorbing glucose by body cells results in the
accumulation of glucose in the blood, which is termed as hyperglycemia. Excess blood
glucose causes serious damage to the major organ systems, leading to the heart disease,
kidney failure (nephropathy), blindness (retinopathy), loss of sensation in the feet and
hands and even an early death. Thus, diabetes is a chronic condition where the body's
ability to convert food into energy is impaired. Prevalence of diabetes along with
dyslipidaemia is increasing at an explosive rate throughout the globe. Though the exact
cause is unknown, many factors are believed to play roles in this pathogenesis. Genetic
predispositions, faulty dietary patterns, and sedentary life-styles are the key factors for
the increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes. This progressive disease develops through
many years, and pre-diabetic condition is known to be reversible. Though antidiabetic
drugs are the first line of defence to control blood glucose level, conventional therapy is
unable to cure it, nor can prevent the long term damage of the vital systems, but needs
to be used lifelong. On the other hand, the benefit of nutritional medicine and dietary
supplementation in diabetes is less explored scientifically. Therefore, the safer
alternatives to prevent, or minimize the long term damage and control of diabetes need a
combination of healthy eating, regular physical activity, monitoring of blood glucose
level, dietary control and nutritional medicine. This review will cover not only the
different aspects of diabetes, but also the role of complementary personalized therapy
using nutrition and nutritional medicine in its management, highlighting a proper blend
of conventional therapy with nutraceuticals, for effective diabetes management.
Diabetes and Hypertension: A Cause and Effect Synergy?
Authors: Chattopadhyay Debprasad , Mukherjee Hemanta , Bag Paromita , Saha Chitralekha , Chatterjee Tapan
Published: August 2013

Diabetes is a disease that affects millions of people worldwide and is
characterized by elevated levels of glucose in the blood due to its overproduction
mainly by liver, and underutilization by insulin requiring organs such as liver, adipose
and muscle tissues. There is, however, glucose over utilization in tissues not dependent
on insulin for glucose transport like kidney, nerve and brain. Due to the excess tissue
glucose there are serious complications and its reversal is important for a good
metabolic control and normalization of body. Diabetes adversely affects the arteries,
predisposing them to atherosclerosis, which in turn cause high blood pressure and other
cardiovascular problems. If not treated, it can lead to blood vessel damage, stroke, heart
failure, heart attack, or kidney failure. Diabetes comes in a variety of types with the
most common being type 1 and type 2. Type 1 is an auto-immune disease resulting from
an insulin deficiency; while type 2 is characterized by an insulin resistance resulting
from genetic factors, poor diet, excess weight and inactivity. Compared to people with
normal blood pressure, hypertensive people have an increased risk of coronary artery
disease, strokes, peripheral vascular disease (hardening of the arteries in the legs and
feet) and heart failure. This paper will discuss the biochemical events of these metabolic
disorders and the relationship between diabetes and hypertension to understand how the
intervention process for its management can be initiated in personal level.
Hypoglycemic Plants: Folklore to Modern Evidence Review
Authors: Eddouks Mohamed , Ali Zeggwagh Naoufel
Published: August 2013

The increasing worldwide incidence of diabetes mellitus in adults constitutes
a global public health burden. It is predicted that by 2030, India, China and the United
States will have the largest number of people with diabetes. By definition, diabetes
mellitus is categorized as a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia resulting
from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The vast majority of cases of
diabetes fall into two broad etiopathogenetic categories. The first category, type 1
diabetes, the cause is an absolute deficiency of insulin secretion. While the second type
is much more prevalent category, called as type 2 diabetes, the cause is a combination
of resistance to insulin action and an inadequate compensatory insulin-secretory
response. Despite the great interest in the development of new drugs to prevent the
burden of complications associated with this disease and the raised interest in the
scientific community to evaluate either raw or isolated natural products in experimental
studies, few of them were tested in humans. This chapter is a contribution to the
understanding of ethnopharmacology of plants having hypoglycemic activity and its
contribution to the elaboration of new treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Procurement and Movement of Lithic Raw Materials in Shawnee Lookout Park, Ohio
Authors: Sparks Janine M.
Published: August 2013

Using lithic raw material data from the site 33Ha49 in Shawnee Lookout Park in Hamilton County, Ohio, this research explores the role that waterways play in lithic raw material procurement strategies. Explanations for the movement of flaked-stone artifacts include both geological and human processes. Utilizing optimal foraging theory, lithic raw material is considered a type of “currency” and becomes subjected to considerations of risk, energy expenditure, and efficiency. The use of waterways in lithic procurement could offer a way for groups to maximize their gain and acquire quality lithic raw materials. Using visual and petrographic identification techniques, the lithic raw materials were sourced to their locations in the Greater Ohio Valley. Statistical models considered stream location, distance, and quality and demonstrated the importance of streams in the procurement of these lithic raw materials. It was concluded that streams could be viable routes for obtaining lithic raw materials from source areas.
An Archival Exploration of 19th-Century American Adult Female Offender Parricides
Authors: Shon Phillip Chong Ho , Williams Christopher R.
Published: August 2013

Social and behavioral scientists have increasingly attended to the contexts and motivational dynamics underlying parricidal events. These efforts notwithstanding, most research has focused on adolescent or adult male offender populations. One largely neglected area of study is that of adult female offender parricide. The present study utilizes archival records to examine the contexts and sources of conflict that gave rise to adult female offender parricides in the late 19th century. Three general themes emerged, representing the primary contexts behind adult female offender parricide: (1) abuse and neglect; (2) instrumental, financially-motivated killings; and (3) expressive killings, often during the course of arguments. Each of these contexts is explored.
Complicated Grief in Children—The Perspectives of Experienced Professionals
Authors: Dyregrov Atle , Dyregrov Kari
Published: August 2013

A total of 39 very experienced clinicians and researchers worldwide responded to a survey consisting of both structured and open-ended questions on complicated grief in children. The questions assessed their opinion on: a) what constitutes complicated grief in children; b) whether to develop a diagnosis for children as suggested for adults and, if so, would adult criteria be sufficient for children; and c) other aspects of normal and complicated grief in children. The analyses showed that the professionals struggled with defining complicated grief in children, although they agreed that the major defining aspects were intensity, duration, and longevity of reactions. They identified traumatic and delayed or inhibited grief as major types, and also agreed that adult criteria were inappropriate for children.
Roman domination in Cartesian product graphs and strong product graphs
Authors: González Yero , Rodríguez-Velázquez Juan
Published: August 2013

A map f : V ? {0, 1, 2} is a Roman dominating function for G if for every
vertex v with f(v) = 0, there exists a vertex u, adjacent to v, with f(u) =
2. The weight of a Roman dominating function is f(V ) = ?u?v f(u). The
minimum weight of a Roman dominating function on G is the Roman domination
number of G. In this article we study the Roman domination number of
Cartesian product graphs and strong product graphs.
Optimizing resource allocation for approximate real-time query processing
Authors: Yarygina Anna , Novikov Boris
Published: August 2013

Query optimization techniques are proved to be essential for high performance
of database management systems. In the context of new querying paradigms,
such as similarity based search, exact query evaluation is neither
computationally feasible nor meaningful, and approximate query evaluation is
the only reasonable option. In this paper a problem of resource allocation
for approximate evaluation of complex queries is considered. An approximate
algorithm for a near-optimal resource allocation is presented, providing the
best feasible quality of the output subject to a limited total cost of a
query. The results of experiments have shown that the approximate resource
allocation algorithm is accurate and efficient.
Managing experiments on cognitive processes in writing with HandSpy
Authors: Monteiro Carlos , Leal José
Published: August 2013

Experiments on cognitive processes require a detailed analysis of the
contribution of many participants. In the case of cognitive processes in
writing, these experiments require special software tools to collect gestures
performed with a pen or a stylus, and recorded with special hardware. These
tools produce different kinds of data files in binary and proprietary formats
that need to be managed on a workstation file system for further processing
with generic tools, such as spreadsheets and statistical analysis software.
The lack of common formats and open repositories hinders the possibility of
distributing the workload among researchers within the research group, of
re-processing the collected data with software developed by other research
groups, and of sharing results with the rest of the cognitive processes
research community. This paper describes the development of HandSpy, a
collaborative environment for managing experiments in the cognitive processes
in writing. This environment was designed to cover all the stages of the
experiment, from the definition of tasks to be performed by participants, to
the synthesis of results. Collaboration in HandSpy is enabled by a rich web
interface. To decouple the environment from existing hardware devices for
collecting written production, namely digitizing tablets and smart pens,
HandSpy is based on the InkML standard, an XML data format for representing
digital ink. This design choice shaped many of the features in HandSpy, such
as the use of an XML database for managing application data and the use of
XML transformations. XML transformations convert between persistent data
representations used for storage and transient data representations required
by the widgets on the user interface. Despite being a system independent from
a specific collecting device, for the system validation, a framework for data
collection was created. This framework has also been highlighted in the paper
due to the important role it took in a data collection process, of a
scientific project to study the cognitive processes involved in writing.
Early Progressive Renal Decline Precedes the Onset of Microalbuminuria and Its Progression to Macroalbuminuria
Authors: Krolewski Andrzej S. , Niewczas Monika A. , Skupien Jan , Gohda Tomhito , Smiles Adam , Eckfeldt Jon H. , Doria Alessandro , Warram James H.
Published: August 2013

OBJECTIVE

Progressive decrease in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), or renal decline, in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is observed in patients with macroalbuminuria. However, it is unknown whether this decline begins during microalbuminuria (MA) or normoalbuminuria (NA).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The study group (second Joslin Kidney Study) comprises patients with T1D and NA (n = 286) or MA (n = 248) who were followed for 4–10 years (median 8 years). Serial measurements (median 6, range 3–16) of serum creatinine and cystatin C were used jointly to estimate GFR (eGFRcr-cys) and assess its trajectories during follow-up.

RESULTS

Renal decline (progressive eGFRcr-cys loss of at least 3.3% per year) occurred in 10% of the NA and 35% of the MA (P < 0.001). In both groups, the strongest determinants of renal decline were baseline serum concentrations of uric acid (P < 0.001) and tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 or 2 (TNFR-1 or -2, P < 0.001). Other significant risk factors included baseline HbA1c, age/diabetes duration, and systolic blood pressure. Relative impacts of these determinants were similar in NA and MA. Renal decline was not associated with sex or baseline serum concentration of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, VCAM, ICAM, Fas, or FasL.

CONCLUSIONS

Renal decline in T1D begins during NA and it is determined by multiple factors, similar to MA. Thus, this early decline is the primary disease process leading to impaired renal function in T1D. Changes in albumin excretion rate, such as the onset of MA or its progression to macroalbuminuria, are either caused by or develop in parallel to the early renal decline.
Neurocysticercosis in Children at GMC, Charak Hospital, Pokhara
Authors: Shrestha SP , Dhungana S , Shrestha AK
Published: August 2013

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a common cause of seizure and major cause of neurological illness globally. It is one of the major causes of epilepsy in children. Fewer studies were done in the past regarding NCC in Nepal. However study on NCC in children in Gandaki Medical College (GMC), Charak Hospital is the first of its kind. 23 children with CT scanning of head that were consistent with NCC over a period of 18 months at GMC, Charak Hospital were included as study subjects. Although there are so many diagnostic tools including MRI, immunological and serological tests for the detection of NCC, CT scanning of the head was used for its diagnosis in this study. 17.3% of the study subjects were found to have suffered from NCC. Girls (60%) outnumbered boys (40%); it was more commonly seen in 10-15 years age group (47.83%). Three main clinical presentations were Seizure (100%), Headache (73.91%) and Vomiting (30.43%). Most of the cases had ring en­hancing lesion at colloidal stage. All patients were treated with albendazole, dexamethasone and antiepileptic drugs (AED) and advised strongly to continue for the period of at least 2 years without failure. NCC should be considered and CT/MRI head must be performed in all children above 5 years of age presented as seizure, headache or vomiting where Taenia solium (TS) infestations are found endemic. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v3i2.8437 Journal of Chitwan Medical College Vol.3(2) 2013 20-23
Comparison Intra Articular Steroid vs. Hydraulic Distention for the Treatment of Frozen Shoulder
Authors: Singh GP
Published: August 2013

Background Frozen shoulder is a chronic fibrosing condition of the capsule of the shoulder joint. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to compare the result of treatment of frozen shoulder by Hydraulic Distention under local anesthesia with steroid and intra articular steroid alone. Sample Size: 60 patients were taken in this study and were divided into two groups. Duration and Setting: The study was conducted in 2005-2006 treated in the department of orthopaedic, Janaki medical college Teaching Hospital, Janakpur. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective, observational, comparative and clinical study. Sixty patients were selected from Dhanusha District of Janakpur, Nepal. They were divided into two groups. Since January 2005 to January 2006 periods in the department of orthopedics surgery, Janaki Medical College & Teaching Hospital, Janakpur. The Group I was treated by hydraulic distention of glenohumeral joint with 50ml normal saline with steroid, oral medicines (analgesics and muscle relaxants) and exercises. Patients in group II were treated by intra-articular steroid followed by oral medicines (analgesics and muscle relaxants) and exercises. Results: The average age of patients in group I was 52 ± 2.16 years and 50 ± 2.03 in group II. There were 37 (63%) females and 23 (37%) males in our study. Female to male ratio was 1.7:1. All patients in group noted immediate pain relief with excellent return of range of motion (ROM) and resumption of normal sleep. At the end of 45 days of follow up all patients had returned to their normal daily activities. Most of them got excellent ROM and pain relief. All patients in group II noted immediate pain relief and resumption of almost normal sleep. At the end of 45 days of follow up most of the patient presented with good relief of pain but could not return to most of their normal activities because of less improvement in ROM. Conclusions: Hydraulic distension technique is quick, safe and gives early results, so it should be considered first for the treatment of frozen shoulder. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v1i1.8415   Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences Vol.1(1) 2013: 3-9
C-Reactive Protein in Patients with NSTEMI Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Dubey RK , Dhakal N , Das BKL , Pandey NK , Baral N , Lamsal M
Published: August 2013

Background: C- reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase inflammatory mediator that has been implicated as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The clinical presentation of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) ranges from unstable angina (UA) to non ST- segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and ST- segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Although, elevated levels of serum CRP have been reported in patients with CVD, the serum levels of CRP in patients with NSTEMI ACS is unknown. The purpose of the study was to determine whether the serum levels of CRP are higher in patients with NSTEMI ACS as compared to healthy controls. Methods: The study subjects consisted of two groups. Group I: (controls) twenty- five age-matched healthy men and Group II: Forty- five NSTEMI ACS patients. Fasting blood samples were collected and serum levels of CRP were measured by using highly sensitivity immunoassay rate method technology. Results: The serum levels of CRP in Group I and Group II were 3.2 ± 0.25 and 11.32 ± 2.1 mg/L, respectively and these values were significantly different from each other (p< 0.05). Group II showed a 253% higher level of CRP as compared to Group I subjects. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that the serum levels of CRP are higher in patients with NSTEMI ACS as compared to controls. Serum CRP levels are elevated in patients with NSTEMI ACS and may contribute to the inflammation and thrombosis associated with acute coronary syndrome. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v1i1.8416   Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences Vol.1(1) 2013:  10-14
Study of Pathway to Care among Patients with Epilepsy
Authors: Subedi S , Shyangwa PM , Shakya R , Pandey AK
Published: August 2013

Objective: To assess the pathway to care among patients with epilepsy up to the tertiary care centre Methods: It is a hospital based, cross-sectional descriptive study of 47 patients visiting BPKIHS psychiatry OPD. Written informed consent was taken from the patients and the primary caretaker. A semi structured Performa was used to record the basic sociodemographic details. Pathway Interview Schedule developed by WHO was used to collect the data. Results Majority (66.0%) of subjects were male. Generalized Seizures were most common (76.6%) type of seizure followed by complex-partial seizure (10.6%). More than half (51.1%) first contacted dhami-jhakri for treatment of their illness. About sixty two percent of patients had the first contact with the treatment provider less than 4 yrs ago. Thirty eight percent subjects sought treatment as per advice from the family members while only 2.1% sought treatment as per advice from the healthcare worker. The most common presenting complaints were sudden loss of consciousness in 89.4%of patients. In majority of patients (57.4%), problem arised ≤ 4yrs back. Significant high numbers of patients (51.1%) were prescribed alternative forms of treatment like herbal medications, talisman, offerings and sacrifices and jhadphook for their presenting problem. About eighty seven percent patients had to travel ≤12 hours for the treatment while 10.7% had to travel a distance of >24 hrs for treatment. The mean duration that one had to travel for seeking treatment was 7.95±14.58 hours. It was found that the mean duration that one patient spend before coming to a hospital for modern treatment was 5.64 months. Conclusions People suffering from epilepsy are still using the traditional healing practices leading to delay in the patient care. These findings call for a comprehensive educational program that can remove the misconcepts regarding the illness. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v1i1.8418   Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences Vol.1(1) 2013:  20-25
Anaesthesia in Paediatric Bronchoscopy
Authors: Khadgaray RN
Published: August 2013

General anaesthesia for emergency bronchoscopy is Frought with dangers especially in paediatric age group where inhalation of foreign bodies are common especially where respiratory obstruction is present and management becomes perilous. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v1i1.8419   Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences Vol.1(1) 2013:  26-27
Palisaded Encapsulated Neuroma (PEN): A Case Report
Authors: Samdurkar A , Poudel S , Regmi S , Khurana S
Published: August 2013

A growth or tumor of nerve is neuroma. Localised and circumscribed neuromas are termed as true neoplasm, as per James W. Patterson's quotation. Further, Palisaded encapsulated Neuroma (PEN) is a distinctive cutaneous nodular lesion often in the head, neck and face regions and are benign. They have schwannian and axonal components. A 30 year old male presented to surgical OPD with nodular enlargement in the scar behind the ear. Grossly these are usually pear shaped or bulb like dermal nodule. Microscopy showed peripheral circumscription for nodules of axonal and schwannian cells with predominance of fibroblastic component. Various references support above findings. And therefore, we arrived to a conclusion of this being PEN within scar tissue, as regards to clinical and histopathlogic peculiarities both gross and microscopic. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v1i1.8420   Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences Vol.1(1) 2013:  28-32
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Mishra S , Shrestha A
Published: August 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v1i1.8423 Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences Vol.1(1) 2013: 39-41
VATS-Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery The Past, Present Status and Future
Authors: Dhaliwal RS
Published: August 2013

Video assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) has developed very rapidly in the last over two decade and is very good alternative to conventional open thoracotomy as a standard procedure for simple thoracic operations and as an option or complementary procedure for some more complex operations. In this paper we will review its developmental history, the present status and future prospective.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v1i1.8424 Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences Vol.1(1) 2013: 42-57
Iron & Brain
Authors: Agrawal KN
Published: August 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v1i1.8425  Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences Vol.1(1) 2013: 58-63
Corticotomy Assisted Orthodontic Treatment
Authors: Thakur Amesh , Halwai Hemant Kumar , Jayaram Arpitha
Published: August 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v1i1.8427 Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences Vol.1(1) 2013: 64-69
Safeguards for Doctors Reference to Medical Negligence
Authors: Srivastava CP
Published: August 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v1i1.8428 Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences Vol.1(1) 2013: 70-71
A Manifesto for Manifestos
Authors: Alvarez Natalie , Stephenson Jenn
Published: August 2013

An interactive manifesto (in the form of an origami bird) questioning the cultural sector's dangerous flirtation with the exchange economy, its notions of "the creative class", and releasing cultural discourse from the shackles of mercantile economic models and into a currency of the soul.
Effects of Errors on Vehicle Emission Rates from Portable Emissions Measurement Systems
Authors: Sandhu Gurdas S. , Frey H. Christopher
Published: August 2013

Portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS) are useful for quantification of real-world vehicle activity, energy use, and emissions. However, there is no standard methodology for processing PEMS data; this can lead to errors in reported results. PEMS typically include tailpipe exhaust gas and particle analyzers, Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, engine sensors, and electronic control unit (ECU) data loggers. The sensitivity of estimated emission rates to random errors in measurements is quantified. Methods are evaluated for identification and correction of improper synchronization of PEMS, ECU, and GPS data streams and for road grade estimation. Estimated fuel use and emission rates for light- and heavy-duty vehicles are sensitive to errors in intake manifold absolute pressure and engine revolutions per minute values and in indicators of air-to-fuel ratio including carbon dioxide and oxygen concentrations. Synchronization can be aided by maximizing the Pearson correlation coefficient between two indicator variables and confirming the result by matching concurrent increases in indicator variables. The effect of improper synchronization on estimated modal emission rates is quantified. Modal average emission rates based on vehicle-specific power (VSP) are more sensitive to improperly synchronized engine versus GPS data. Improperly synchronized data streams result in decreased variability between the lowest and highest modal average emission rates. Estimation of road grade from a linear least squares slope of elevation over a specified distance is demonstrated. VSP-based modal fuel use and pollutant emission rates are less sensitive to differences in road grade than to errors in synchronization.
Impact of Traffic Signal Timing on Sidewalk-Level Particulate Matter Concentrations
Authors: Slavin Courtney , Figliozzi Miguel A.
Published: August 2013

Improving the efficiency of urban traffic operations along arterials is a priority for many agencies because congestion affects the movement of people and goods in many cities. Advanced traffic management systems are being implemented to optimize traffic signal timing in congested corridors. Pedestrians and transit users are even more exposed to vehicle emissions than are drivers. However, pedestrian exposure to traffic emissions is typically not a consideration when traffic signal timing decisions are made. The relationship between exposure to air pollution and traffic signal timing has not yet been fully explored or modeled. This paper quantifies the factors that contribute to concentrations of sidewalk-level particulate matter (1.0 to 2.5 μm in diameter) at a busy intersection along an urban arterial in Portland, Oregon. The study is the first research effort to combine real-world, detailed traffic signal timing data (at 5-s intervals) and air pollutant concentration data. Several types of variables are included in the statistical analysis: traffic signal timing variables, weather-related variables, traffic volume and composition variables, and variables associated with bus presence and characteristics. Statistical results show the importance of signal timing variables, traffic volumes, and queuing.
Red Wolf (Canis rufus) Recovery: A Review with Suggestions for Future Research
Authors: Hinton Joseph , Chamberlain Michael , Rabon David
Published: August 2013

By the 1970s, government-supported eradication campaigns reduced red wolves to a remnant population of less than 100 individuals on the southern border of Texas and Louisiana. Restoration efforts in the region were deemed unpromising because of predator-control programs and hybridization with coyotes. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) removed the last remaining red wolves from the wild and placed them in a captive-breeding program. In 1980, the USFWS declared red wolves extinct in the wild. During 1987, the USFWS, through the Red Wolf Recovery Program, reintroduced red wolves into northeastern North Carolina. Although restoration efforts have established a population of approximately 70–80 red wolves in the wild, issues of hybridization with coyotes, inbreeding, and human-caused mortality continue to hamper red wolf recovery. We explore these three challenges and, within each challenge, we illustrate how research can be used to resolve problems associated with red wolf-coyote interactions, effects of inbreeding, and demographic responses to human-caused mortality. We hope this illustrates the utility of research to advance restoration of red wolves.
Truncation Effects of Shift Function Methods in Bulk Water Systems
Authors: Takahashi Kazuaki
Published: August 2013

A reduction of the cost for long-range interaction calculation is essential for large-scale molecular systems that contain a lot of point charges. Cutoff methods are often used to reduce the cost of long-range interaction calculations. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations can be accelerated by using cutoff methods; however, simple truncation or approximation of long-range interactions often offers serious defects for various systems. For example, thermodynamical properties of polar molecular systems are strongly affected by the treatment of the Coulombic interactions and may lead to unphysical results. To assess the truncation effect of some cutoff methods that are categorized as the shift function method, MD simulations for bulk water systems were performed. The results reflect two main factors, i.e., the treatment of cutoff boundary conditions and the presence/absence of the theoretical background for the long-range approximation.
Varela-Mato, V.; Cancela, J.M.; Ayan, C.; Molina, A.; Martín, V. Lifestyle and Health among Spanish University Students: Differences by Gender and Academic Discipline. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2012, 9, 2728–2741
Authors: Varela-Mato Verónica , Cancela José , Ayan Carlos , Molina Antonio , Martín Vicente
Published: August 2013

The authors wish to make the following correction to this paper [1]. In the article it is mentioned that “the study obtained the approval of the university’s Students Vice-Chancellery and the government bodies of the involved academic centers and also by the Ethics Committee of the University of Vigo.” However, it should read: “The study obtained the approval of the university’s Students Vice-Chancellery and the government bodies of the involved academic centers” only.
Comments on Varela-Mato, V.; Cancela, J.M.; Ayan, C.; Martín, V.; Molina, A. Lifestyle and Health among Spanish University Students: Differences by Gender and Academic Discipline. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2012, 9, 2728–2741
Authors: Crespo-Salgado Juan , Blanco-Moure Alicia
Published: August 2013

In regard to the article entitled “Lifestyle and health among Spanish university students: differences by gender and academic discipline” by Varela-Mato et al. [1] which analyzes the lifestyles of a group of students from the University of Vigo (Galicia, Spain), we would like to draw your attention to a series of disagreements with certain statements that are made therein:
Response to Crespo et al. Comments on: Varela-Mato, V.; et al. Lifestyle and Health among Spanish University Students: Differences by Gender and Academic Discipline. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2012, 9, 2728–2741
Authors: Varela-Mato Veronica
Published: August 2013

We thank Dr. Crespo [1] for his interest in reading our article and his time in writing his comments on work [2]. However, we have to respectfully point out our disagreement and a few comments of our own:
Folding and Biogenesis of Mitochondrial Small Tim Proteins
Authors: Ceh-Pavia Efrain , Spiller Michael , Lu Hui
Published: August 2013

Correct and timely folding is critical to the function of all proteins. The importance of this is illustrated in the biogenesis of the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) “small Tim” proteins. Biogenesis of the small Tim proteins is regulated by dedicated systems or pathways, beginning with synthesis in the cytosol and ending with assembly of individually folded proteins into functional complexes in the mitochondrial IMS. The process is mostly centered on regulating the redox states of the conserved cysteine residues: oxidative folding is crucial for protein function in the IMS, but oxidized (disulfide bonded) proteins cannot be imported into mitochondria. How the redox-sensitive small Tim precursor proteins are maintained in a reduced, import-competent form in the cytosol is not well understood. Recent studies suggest that zinc and the cytosolic thioredoxin system play a role in the biogenesis of these proteins. In the IMS, the mitochondrial import and assembly (MIA) pathway catalyzes both import into the IMS and oxidative folding of the small Tim proteins. Finally, assembly of the small Tim complexes is a multistep process driven by electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions; however, the chaperone function of the complex might require destabilization of these interactions to accommodate the substrate. Here, we review how folding of the small Tim proteins is regulated during their biogenesis, from maintenance of the unfolded precursors in the cytosol, to their import, oxidative folding, complex assembly and function in the IMS.
Crosstalk between Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) Receptor and Integrin through Direct Integrin Binding to FGF and Resulting Integrin-FGF-FGFR Ternary Complex Formation
Authors: Mori Seiji , Takada Yoshikazu
Published: August 2013

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) play a critical role in diverse physiological processes and the pathogenesis of diseases. Integrins are involved in FGF signaling, since integrin antagonists suppress FGF signaling. This is called integrin-FGF crosstalk, while the specifics of the crosstalk are unclear. This review highlights recent findings that FGF1 directly interacts with integrin αvβ3, and the resulting integrin-FGF-fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) ternary complex formation is essential for FGF1-induced cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis. An integrin-binding defective FGF1 mutant (Arg-50 to Glu, R50E) is defective in ternary complex formation and in inducing cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis, while R50E still binds to the FGF receptor and heparin. In addition, R50E suppressed tumorigenesis in vivo, while wild-type (WT) FGF1 enhanced it. Thus, the direct interaction between FGF1 and integrin αvβ3 is a potential therapeutic target, and R50E is a potential therapeutic agent.
Biological Activities and Bioavailability of Mangosteen Xanthones: A Critical Review of the Current Evidence
Authors: Gutierrez-Orozco Fabiola , Failla Mark
Published: August 2013

Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is a tropical tree native to Southeast Asia that produces a fruit whose pericarp contains a family of tricyclic isoprenylated polyphenols referred to as xanthones. Numerous in vitro studies have shown that these xanthones possess anti-oxidant, anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic activities. Aggressive marketing of such health promoting benefits has resulted in mangosteen’s classification as a “superfruit”. This has led to sales of mangosteen containing beverages in USA alone exceeding $200 million in 2008 despite very limited animal and human studies. This review will (a) critically address recent reports of in vivo studies on the bioavailability and metabolism of mangosteen xanthones, (b) update the in vitro and in vivo data on anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities of mangosteen xanthones, and (c) suggest needed areas of inquiry regarding the absorption, metabolism and efficacy of mangosteen xanthones.
Spectroscopy, Manipulation and Trapping of Neutral Atoms, Molecules, and Other Particles Using Optical Nanofibers: A Review
Authors: Morrissey Michael , Deasy Kieran , Frawley Mary , Kumar Ravi , Prel Eugen , Russell Laura , Truong Viet , Nic Chormaic Síle
Published: August 2013

The use of tapered optical fibers, i.e., optical nanofibers, for spectroscopy and the detection of small numbers of particles, such as neutral atoms or molecules, has been gaining interest in recent years. In this review, we briefly introduce the optical nanofiber, its fabrication, and optical mode propagation within. We discuss recent progress on the integration of optical nanofibers into laser-cooled atom and vapor systems, paying particular attention to spectroscopy, cold atom cloud characterization, and optical trapping schemes. Next, a natural extension of this work to molecules is introduced. Finally, we consider several alternatives to optical nanofibers that display some advantages for specific applications.
I Feel You: The Design and Evaluation of a Domotic Affect-Sensitive Spoken Conversational Agent
Authors: Lutfi Syaheerah , Fernández-Martínez Fernando , Lorenzo-Trueba Jaime , Barra-Chicote Roberto , Montero Juan
Published: August 2013

We describe the work on infusion of emotion into a limited-task autonomous spoken conversational agent situated in the domestic environment, using a need-inspired task-independent emotion model (NEMO). In order to demonstrate the generation of affect through the use of the model, we describe the work of integrating it with a natural-language mixed-initiative HiFi-control spoken conversational agent (SCA). NEMO and the host system communicate externally, removing the need for the Dialog Manager to be modified, as is done in most existing dialog systems, in order to be adaptive. The first part of the paper concerns the integration between NEMO and the host agent. The second part summarizes the work on automatic affect prediction, namely, frustration and contentment, from dialog features, a non-conventional source, in the attempt of moving towards a more user-centric approach. The final part reports the evaluation results obtained from a user study, in which both versions of the agent (non-adaptive and emotionally-adaptive) were compared. The results provide substantial evidences with respect to the benefits of adding emotion in a spoken conversational agent, especially in mitigating users’ frustrations and, ultimately, improving their satisfaction.
The Influence of Different Cover Types on American Robin Nest Success in Organic Agroecosystems
Authors: Quinn John , Oden Amy , Brandle James
Published: August 2013

There are many opportunities for biodiversity conservation in organic farm systems. Successful and sustainable conservation efforts in organic systems, however, need to measure appropriate outcomes. In particular, data are needed on the breeding success of associated wildlife species. We measured nesting success of the American Robin (Turdus migratorius) in woodlands embedded within eight organic farms in eastern Nebraska. We modeled daily nest survival rate to identify land use and land cover patterns that optimize conservation of birds in organic farm systems. The percentage of a crop in the fields adjacent to linear woodlands best predicted daily survival rate. Daily survival rate was lower in fields adjacent to wheat and greater in woodlands adjacent to soybean fields, though the latter may be a weak effect. There was no evidence that reducing the area allocated to organic crop production would improve daily survival rate but rather an evidence of a patch-matrix interaction. These results suggest that, if suitable nesting sites exist, organic farmers can complement local conservation efforts without losing working farmland.
Bienfaiteurs du gymnase au Létôon de Xanthos
Authors: Gauthier Philippe
Published: August 2013

Publication et commentaire de deux décrets honorifiques, trouvés au Létôon de Xanthos. Le premier fut adopté par les néoi de Xanthos en 196 a.C, le second par les néoi de Kandyba ( ?), probablement au Ier s. a.C.
Épigraphie et littérature : Méléagre de Gadara fut-il un plagiaire ? (AP VII 468 et SEG XXXV 708)
Authors: Chamoux François
Published: August 2013

Dans l'épigramme AP VII 468, attribuée à Méléagre de Gadara, les deux derniers vers reproduisent mot pour mot le premier distique d'une épitaphe d'Amphipolis en Thrace (fin du IVe s. a.C.) récemment publiée. Doit-on accuser Méléagre de plagiat ? Il s'agit plutôt d'une des erreurs de classement et de découpage commises au cours des siècles par les compilateurs qui ont composé des anthologies et par les scribes qui les ont recopiées. Allégée de cette conclusion postiche, l'épigramme AP VII 468 retrouve son unité de ton et son intensité d'émotion dramatique.
Πρόδομος et αἴθουσα. Remarques sur les distinctions sémantiques et fonctionnelles entre deux termes d'architecture domestique employés chez Homère
Authors: Rougier-Blanc Sylvie
Published: August 2013

La plupart des commentateurs, anciens comme modernes, ont toujours pensé que πρόδομος et αἴθουσα désignaient la même structure architecturale, mais Homère emploie les deux termes dans deux sens différents. Le premier est un vestibule qui dessert toute sorte de pièce (μέγαρον, θάλαμος...). La structure du second est plus difficile à établir. Quoiqu'il en soit il s'agit d'un abri pour le sommeil des hôtes.
Quantitative Formgestaltung in den trimetrischen Partien des Euripideischen Ion
Authors: Biehl Werner
Published: August 2013

Dans l'Ion d'Euripide, le dénombrement des trimétres iambiques fait apparaître à l'intérieur des diverses parties de la tragédie comme dans la composition de l'ensemble une suite de correspondances et d'équilibres numériques qui ne peuvent remonter qu'au poète lui-même. De telle règles de composition, qu'Euripide s'impose sans qu'elles puissent être perçues au cours de la représentation, sont un élément dont la critique textuelle doit tenir le plus grand compte.
La pêche au trou dans Aristote, Météorologiques (I 12, 348 b 30-349 a 3). Une nouvelle interprétation
Authors: Thillet Pierre
Published: August 2013

Dans ce passage des Météorologiques (I 12, 348b. 30- 349a3), Aristote évoque la pêche des habitants du Pont-Euxin sur les eaux gelées. Elle se pratique par un trou dans la glace qui recouvre les eaux. Les roseaux (κάλαμοι) du texte ne servent pas de cannes à pêche, comme on l'admet d'ordinaire, mais constituent les poteaux des tentes qui protègent les pêcheurs et leurs trous. Des exemples fournis par l'ethnographie appuient cette interprétation.
L'Ars Medica de Galien est-il un traité authentique ?
Authors: Boudon-Millot Véronique
Published: August 2013

L'Ars medica de Galien fut l'un des traités médicaux les plus influents et les plus célèbres du Moyen Age et de la Renaissance dont l'authenticité ne fut jamais suspectée. Récemment cependant certains doutes ont été élevés à ce sujet. Cette étude, basée sur un nouvel examen des traductions latines et arabes du texte grec, a pour but de montrer qu'il n'y a aucune raison de douter de cette authenticité.
Sur un Topos romanesque oublié : les scènes de banquets
Authors: Jouanno Corinne
Published: August 2013

Le topos du banquet fait partie des ingrédients obligés du roman grec. Étroitement lié au développement de l'intrigue amoureuse, il possède souvent une dimension métalittéraire et porte volontiers la marque de la seconde sophistique. La prolifération des scènes de banquet dans les romans byzantins du XIIe siècle confirme le caractère topique de ce motif : on note toutefois quelques tendances nouvelles, goût pour les realia et dimension comique, imputables à l'influence des «festins» cyniques, et aussi place accrue faite à la réflexion morale.