bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current Energy Situation in the Basque Country.
Authors: Idoia Manero Txintxetru  , Pablo Egia López
Published: July 2017

Debido al papel importante que la energía ocupa dentro de la sociedad como motor de competitividad industrial, generadora de riqueza y de nuevas inversiones para un mayor desarrollo tecnológico, la UE y los diferentes Estados Miembros, han creado un marco legal, encaminado a controlar y reducir la intensidad energética, reducir la dependencia, facilitar otras posibles aportaciones y mejorar el suministro.
La Comunidad Autónoma Vasca se caracteriza, en lo referente a la problemática energética, por su escasez de recursos y la fuerte implantación industrial. Por lo que desde la década de los 80 se han establecido programas de estrategia energética intentando garantizar la disponibilidad de energía en las mejores condiciones de seguridad, suministro, coste e impacto ambienal.
Ddentro de estos planes se han tenido en cuenta factores como:
• La preocupación social por preservar el entorno y las necesidades de bienestar de la sociedad.
• Estudios de ahorro y eficacia energética
• La aportación de las energías renovables, que se han convertido en un punto importante por el nivel de desarrollo tecnológico y su utilización dentro de la vida cotidiana.
Debemos destacar tambien la utilización de los ciclos combinados a gas natural y la cogeneración.
A Optimization Technique of Hydrothermal Systems Using Calculus of Variations.
Authors: L. Bayón  , J.M. Grau  , M.M. Ruiz  , P.M. Suárez
Published: July 2017

This paper falls within the scope of studiesconcerning the optimization of the functioning of systemswith renewable energy (hydro energy). We have developeda theory that is extraordinarily simpler than previous oneswhich resolves the problem of minimization of a functionalof the type.

In particular, we have established a necessary condition forthe stationary functions of the functional. The method al-lows for elaboration of the optimization algorithm whichprovides us with the optimal regime of functioning of theentire hydrothermal system. Finally, we present a exam-ple, employing the algorithm realized with the "Mathe-matica" package to this end.
A Study of Product Quality in the Electricity Network in the Province of Burgos.
Authors: J. Sagredo González  , V. Abad San Martín  , J. González de la Viuda
Published: July 2017

Changes in the regulation of electrical systems have meant a reorganisation of the firms in the sector, subdividing them into different areas of action. Distribution firms, in addition to supplying energy, are now responsible for monitoring the “service quality” with which the product reaches the client and for communicating to the Ministry of Economics (Minister for Energy Policy and Mines) and to the corresponding Administrations information as to service quality established in the decree-law.
The first of its contents refers to continuityof the service, for which measurement and control procedures have already been passed, such that we now have the first published data at community level. As regards product quality, the aforementioned Royal Decree indicates that the characteristics of the wave must be those specified in norm UNE-EN 50160, while the corresponding measurement and control procedures, for which there are already some draft versions, are still pending approval.
The paper focuses on the quality of the product and aims to harmonise the steps established in some of the draft versions to delimit margins, establish measurement periods and suggest a format for the presentation and interchange of data.
In collaboration with the electricity company IBERDROLA, we have begun to acquire measurements, to carry out a “pre-compliance” study in the province of Burgos.
Small-Scale Renewable Energy in the Next Century Market Hydro Plants – State of the Art and Applications.
Authors: C.Dragu  , R. Belmans
Published: July 2017

In the near future, demand for electricity is expected to increase more rapidly than demand for other forms of energy. After reviewing the tendencies of the energy market for the next century, Small and Micro-Power Systems are presented. The decision to build a hydro plant must be based on studies about the site potential, economical potential, environmental impact and technological aspects. This paper presents the literature study of the advantages and drawbacks of Small and Micro Hydro Plants. In the last years, special attention was paid to the wind and solar power. A comparison with other renewable is therefore very important.
Two principal economic characteristics of hydropower are high initial and low operating costs. From studied literature an easy algorithm is proposed, in order to assure the maximum efficiency for minimum costs of a site. With minimum electrical-mechanical knowledge, the owner of the site can design a small hydro plant optimizing the total price.
An economical and technical review of the essential components (civil works and mechanical and electrical equipment) of a small hydropower system is made and projected on two different sites in Flanders.
New Design of Hydrogenerator Poles.
Authors: Kuchinskaia Z. M
Published: July 2017

HydrogeneratorThe excess of reactive power generated by power transmission lines is the reason for impermissible increase of voltage at the terminals of the length power transmission lines for consumers. One of the alternative decisions for this problem could become at the hydropower station hydrogenerators, specially designed or reconstructed for their possible operation at underexcitation. The problem hydrogenerator’s operation with consume of reactive power from the net is caused, at first, by the stator core end parts heating. The new design of pole end plate with nonmagnetic part is used for the decrease of end parts heating. The experimental and calculation results of the hydrogenerators with new pole design are shown. There are some advantages of the split-design pole end plates using nonmagnetic pole end plates. The reliability, service life and the efficiency of hydrogenerators are increased due to decrease of the heating of the stator core end parts. The possibility of continuous operation of hydrogenerator operation at underexcitation is expanded. It is not necessarily to do the expensive compensating devices.
Implementation of a Methodology to Define the Optimum Capacity of a Wind Farm.
Authors: Paulo Pinto  , Miguel Ferreira  , Álvaro Rodrigues
Published: July 2017

The seasonality and variability of the windregime cause the wind farms to operate during a significant partof time in partial load regime and sometimes with very low loadfactors. In Portugal, the permission to the connection to theelectrical grid is given in terms of nominal power.Consequently the installable capacity is limited and theproductive capacity is only used during a reduced number ofhours per year.
Even installing a bigger capacity then the grid limitation, onlyin small periods the power output would exceed that value. Itshould then be necessary to shut down some of the turbines or,by any mean, to limit the output of the wind farm. In return,during large periods, the excess in capacity will permit toincrease the energy production and the wind farm income.
The determination of the periods when the wind farm loadimposes that one or more turbines should be shut down is notevident, when studying wind farms operating in complex terrainsites. In these regions, the load of each wind energy converterwill vary according to the wind velocity and orientation, beingusual to find large differences of load factor over shortdistances.
Furthermore, the determination of the optimum capacity inthese situations cannot be separated of the investment costs ofincreasing the nominal power installed. An economical analysishas to be associated to the productivity calculations, in order todetermine the ideal solution from the project economicalperformance point of view.
This work presents a test case based in a methodologydeveloped to support the project optimization of wind farmswith limitations in the power to be delivered to the grid.
Evaluación de un carbón activado comercial en la remoción del colorante DB2
Authors: Castelar Ortega Grey Cecilia , Viloria C Carlos Andres , Morrinson B Carlos Andres , Angulo M Edgardo Ramon , Zambrano A Alejandra María
Published: July 2017

Los colorantes sintéticos usados en la fabricación de textiles son una clase importante de compuestos orgánicos que, con frecuencia, se encuentran en los cuerpos de agua, como resultado de su amplio uso industrial, convirtiéndose en agentes que desafortunadamente afectan el medio ambiente. La disposición final de estos colorantes a los recursos de agua se debe evitar o minimizar; para tal efecto, se utilizan varias técnicas de tratamiento, siendo la adsorción una de las más empleadas. En este estudio se removió el colorante azul marino directo 2 en disolución acuosa sobre carbón activado granular comercial a 22°C ± 1°C. Se realizaron experimentos por lote para determinar el efecto de la concentración inicial (7 – 65 mgL-1) y del pH (5,0 – 9,0) sobre la capacidad de adsorción y el porcentaje de remoción. Los datos experimentales se ajustaron a los modelos de isotermas de adsorción de Freundlich y Langmuir. La capacidad de adsorción máxima lograda por el carbón activado fue de 2,22 mgg-1 a pH 5,0.
El plagio y publicaciones científicas
Authors: Montes Vergara Donicer , De La Ossa V Jaime , Pérez-Cordero Alexander
Published: July 2017

Desde los comienzos de la revista RECIA en el 2009, se ha utilizado la sección del editorial como medio para divulgar ideas y pensamientos críticos de temas relevantes para el sector agropecuario. En este editorial se pretende hacer una reflexión analítica sobre el plagio en la comunicación científica, tanto para la revista como para los autores. La sociedad globalizada y digital, con mega bases de información libre, inmersa en el informalismo, facilita el plagio, el cuales es definido por la Real Academia de la Lengua Española como “copia en lo sustancial de obras ajenas, dándolas como propias” (RAE, 2017). Un autor, puede cometer plagio de forma deliberada, o de manera inconsciente por desconocimiento. En la literatura, existen muchas definiciones y tipos de plagio, para SOTO (2012), este puede ser agrupado en tres categorías: forma, método y propósito. El delito del plagio atenta directamente contra los derechos de autor de una obra en particular, ya que toda obra debe poder ser distinguida de otras parecida, además la acción de plagio atenta el interés público ya que en esencia la obra plagiada al no ser original, de alguna manera engaña al consumidor (BALBUENA, 2003). Históricamente, el plagio es tan antiguo como la escritura, como ejemplo de eso están las acusaciones contra Aristófanes, Platón, Aristóteles, Menandro y Pitágoras en el periodo helénico; Virgilio y otros autores en el Imperio Romano. Igualmente la literatura reporta nombres como Pitágoras, Descartes, Einstein, Sartre y autores como Shakespeare, Mark Twain, George Orwell, Alex Haley, Samuel Beckett y Edgar Allan Poe, acusados de plagiar algunas de sus obras (PARK, 2003).
Metodologia para avaliação ultrassonográfica da biometria uterina na fêmea bovina
Authors: Gómez-L Víctor , Pereira Jhonata , Okano Denise , Dos Santos Giancarlo , Marcondes Marco , Benjamin Laercio , Guimarães Jose , Ramírez-L Camilo
Published: July 2017

Objetivou-se avaliar uma metodologia para mensurar a espessura endometrial e diâmetro dos cornos uterinos. Para o qual, os cornos uterinos foram divididos em três regiões. A partir do septo intercornual até o início a curvatura maior, foi considerada a primeira região. A partir da curvatura maior até o início do ápice do corno segunda região, e extremidade livre do corna a terceira região. Mensurou-se a espessura endometrial e o diâmetro dos cornos em animais in vivo e nos órgãos genitais dos mesmos post mortem. Foram utilizadas cinco vacas sexualmente maturas da raça Holandesa, criadas em manejo Losing-House. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados pela ANOVA e as médias comparadas pelos testes de Tukey ou pela análise não paramétrica comparando as médias pelo teste de Kruskall Wallis. Os valores médios não apresentaram diferenças para as características avaliadas no animal in vivo comparadas aos obtidos post mortem (P>0,05). Nas mensurações obtidas, a terceira região mostrou valores médios semelhantes para diâmetro (21,0±2,6 mm - 22,9±2,8 mm) e espessura endometrial de ambos cornos (10,4±4,9 mm - 10,8±5,2 mm). De igual forma os valores obtidos para espessura e diâmetro de ambos cornos uterinos da terceira região mostrou-se semelhante aos valores obtidos na segunda e primeira região. Já os valores da segunda região diferiram dos obtidos na primeira região (P<0,05). Dessa forma, a obtenção de imagens ultrassonográficas em cortes transversais e a mensuração das biometrias uterinas a partir da bifurcação até a curvatura maior, mostra-se eficiente e representativa da espessura endometrial e diâmetro dos cornos uterinos como um tudo.
Composición de dinoflagelados epífitos y forófitos en la Costa norte del golfo de Morrosquillo, Sucre, Colombia
Authors: Quintana-M Humberto , Mercado-Gómez Jorge
Published: July 2017

Con el objetivo de determinar la composición de especies y especificidad de los dinoflagelados epífitos hacia forófitos de la costa norte del Golfo de Morrosquillo (Sucre-Colombia), se establecieron transectos en cinco puntos donde fueron recolectadas macrófitas y elementos flotantes durante cuatro meses. A partir de estas, muestras de dinoflagelados epífitos fueron identificados y cuantificados, con el fin de establecer la riqueza y abundancia; además se implementó un análisis de conglomerados con distancia de Bray-Curtis para establecer similitud entre los puntos de muestreo. Se encontraron seis taxones: Prorocentrum lima, P. emarginatum, Ostreopsis ovata, O lenticularis, Cabra cf. aremorica y Coolia sp. Cabra cf. aremorica la cual es un nuevo registro para Colombia y el Caribe sur. El género que mayor abundancia aportó fue Ostreopsis, siendo una tendencia poco común en el Caribe, donde los mayores valores son aportados por especies de Prorocentrum. Cuatro de los taxones encontrados son potencialmente tóxicos (pueden ocasionar intoxicación diarreica y ciguatera). Los ensamblajes de dinoflagelados epífitos de la costa norte del Golfo de Morrosquillo, se caracterizaron por un bajo número de especies y la dominancia de las especies de Ostreopsis.
Dinámica del fósforo en un agroecosistema conservacionista maíz-ganado de sabanas neotropicales
Authors: Ramírez-Iglesias Elizabeth , Hernández-Hernández Rosa Mary , Herrera Pablo
Published: July 2017

El fósforo constituye uno de los elementos limitantes en suelos ácidos, por lo que la incorporación de estrategias para su ciclaje dentro de un agroecosistema es una de las variables claves, a fin de optimizar la producción agropecuaria. Se evaluó, la dinámica del fósforo en un agroecosistema conservacionista maíz-ganado, bajo dos tipos de forrajes introducidos: Brachiaria dyctioneura (Bd), una gramínea y Centrosema macrocarpum (Cm), una leguminosa, que a su vez se desempeñaron como coberturas perennes asociadas al maíz cultivado con siembra directa. Se contrastó la dinámica de este elemento en la sabana de vegetación natural (SN). Se determinó la disponibilidad de este elemento en el suelo (0-15 cm), así como el P total contenido en las heces del ganado y en la fracción verde de la vegetación durante la época seca, después de la cosecha del maíz, cuando el ganado se introduce a pastoreo. Se analizó la calidad bromatológica del forraje y la ganancia diaria de peso en el ganado (GDP). Las concentraciones de P total en la biomasa vegetal varió de acuerdo a la calidad del forraje pastoreado, siendo mayor en la Cm. Ello incidió significativamente (p<0.01) en el P de las excretas y en el P disponible del suelo, lo cual resultó en una mayor GDP. En condiciones de sabana, el ciclaje del P en los subsistemas suelo-planta-animal, es más efectivo cuando se usa una leguminosa forrajera como Cm, ya que favorece la incorporación del P a través de las excretas y por la descomposición de su necromasa.
Perfil hematológico del burro criollo (Equus asinus) colombiano
Authors: Herrera B Yonairo , Rugeles P Clara , Vergara G Oscar
Published: July 2017

El diagnóstico de las enfermedades en los animales, depende en gran medida de los exámenes clínicos y resultados de laboratorio, en los cuales se reflejan variaciones biológicas. Los valores hematológicos son muy importantes para la evaluación del estado fisiológico normal de un animal. Sin embargo, son muy pocos los trabajos que se han llevado a cabo en este aspecto en asnos criollos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar los valores medios de un hemograma para burros criollos del tópico bajo colombiano. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con muestro no probabilístico por conveniencia. Se tomaron muestras de 85 burros machos entre 4 y 15 años clínicamente sanos y alimentados con pasturas de Brachiaria humidicula. Estos parámetros se obtuvieron por medio de un analizador hematológico (ABX Micros ESV 60). Los valores obtenidos fueron: leucocitos 7,6±1,6 x103/mm3, linfocitos 39,69±10,87%, monocitos 5,89±1,63%, granulocitos 54,41±10,75%, eosinófilos 7,08±2,77%, eritrocitos 4,48±0,85 x106/mm3, hemoglobina 8,62±1,3 g/dL, hematocrito 30,24±5,1%, volumen corpuscular medio 67,71±5,91 µm3, hemoglobina corpuscular media 19.45±1.94 pg, concentración de hemoglobina corpuscular media 28,48±1,36 g/dL y plaquetas 354,20±136,24 x103/mm3. Los resultados confirman que existen diferencias entre los valores en la mayoría de los parámetros hematológicos de burros criollos comparados con los de otras razas y equinos. Estos resultados pueden ser útiles en la rutina clínica veterinaria para el diagnóstico, seguimiento y control de enfermedades.
Morfometría macroscópica del cuerpo lúteo de vacas cebú gestantes y no gestantes en el trópico colombiano
Authors: González T Marco , De La Rosa T Eduardo , Mendoza M Carlos
Published: July 2017

El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar el volumen, peso, medidas, ubicación ovárica y forma del cuerpo lúteo de vacas gestantes y no gestantes de vacas del trópico colombiano. Se recolectaron 528 tractos reproductivos; 264 gestantes y 264 no gestantes de vacas beneficiadas en el frigorífico local de Montería, Córdoba, Colombia. El periodo de recolección de las muestras se extendió por tres meses. Después de la recolección de cada tracto reproductivo se separaron los ovarios, identificándolos como derechos e izquierdos, se pesaron y se midieron. Luego se realizó el dibujo de la ubicación del cuerpo lúteo en el ovario de acuerdo con los planos anatómicos previamente establecidos en el formulario correspondiente. Posteriormente se removieron los cuerpos lúteos para realizar sus medidas, pesajes y visualización de su forma. Hubo diferencias estadísticas entre las ubicaciones del cuerpo lúteo en el ovario: Polo anterior, polo posterior, borde libre cara superior y cara inferior (p?0.05). El peso y volumen del cuerpo lúteo gestacional fue mayor en un 30 y 27.9% que el cuerpo lúteo de vacas no gestantes. La forma predominante del cuerpo lúteo tanto en vacas gestantes como en no gestantes fue la ovalada, luego la piramidal y por último la redondeada. No se observó ninguna gestación contralateral a la ubicación del cuerpo lúteo.
Reporte del vampiro de patas peludas Diphylla ecaudata Spix, 1823 (Chiroptera: Desmodontinae) para el Chocó biogeográfico colombiano
Authors: Echavarría-R Jonard David , Pino-M Yessica Luz , Rengifo-M Jhon Tailor , Sánchez-L Nancy , Quinto-M Jilbher
Published: July 2017

Se reporta un nuevo registro del vampiro de patas peludas Diphylla ecaudata (SPIX, 1823) en el Chocó Biogeográfico colombiano, del que solo se conocen pocos estudios en el país, registrada en los departamentos de Magdalena (1900), Vaupés (1966), Meta (1970), Caquetá (1999), Casanare (2013) y Amazonas (2016). Este registro se basa en dos especímenes que fueron debidamente analizados y depositados en la Colección Científica Teriológica del Grupo de Investigación en Manejo y Gestion de la Vida Silvestre del Chocó de la Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó (ColTer-Chocó). Este reporte amplía la distribución geográfica hasta el departamento del Chocó, en contraendose a 464.794 km aproximadamente del registro más cercano en el Magdalena, adicionando el ecosistema Bosque Seco Tropical (BST) a los hábitats ocurridos por la especie. Debido a su curiosidad, se discute la información disponible sobre esta especie en el país en términos de su distribución y ecología, a partir de ejemplares en colecciones y reportes existentes. Este registro ayuda a llenar un vacío de la distribución geográfica conocida de la especie en el país.
Mastitis canina gangrenosa: reporte de caso
Authors: Pavan Leticia , Estrada RV Cristhian , Silva DP Priscilla , Mucédola Talita , Uscategui Ricardo , Apparicio Maricy , Toniolo H Gilson , Vicente RR Wilter
Published: July 2017

Mastitis es un proceso infeccioso e inflamatorio de la glándula mamaria, que altera el tejido glandular, y los aspectos físicos, químicos y bacteriológicos de la leche. La mastitis en caninos se presenta con mayor frecuencia durante el periodo postparto o después de repetidos episodios de gestación sicológica e está relacionada con la excesiva producción y acumulación de leche. El presente reporte tiene como objetivo relatar, describir y discutir la ocurrencia, diagnóstico, tratamiento y evolución de un caso de mastitis gangrenosa aguda en una hembra canina adulta durante el periodo postparto, la importancia de un diagnóstico certero, la selección de la terapia antimicrobiana basada en los test de antibiograma y el tratamiento tópico alterativo, asociando azúcar e hidróxido de magnesio al mismo. Como conclusión la mastitis gangrenosa es una enfermedad grave en la clínica de pequeños animales, el éxito de su tratamiento depende de la selección adecuada del tratamiento antimicrobiano basado en el cultivo y antibiograma, así como de un tratamiento de soporte adecuado de las lesiones y complicaciones clínicas secundarias.
Muerte súbita por alotrofagia y hemoncosis en una cabra (Capra aegagrus hircus) del departamento de córdoba, Colombia
Authors: Cardona A José , Álvarez P Jaime , Pérez O Jair
Published: July 2017

Se expone el caso de una cabra doméstica de raza alpina, macho entero, de 6 años de edad aproximadamente, la cual fue atendida por el servicio de patología animal de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad de Córdoba. La anamnesis indica que el animal fue encontrado muerto en el aprisco en horas de la mañana, sin reportes de antecedentes de traumas o enfermedad por parte del operario, por lo que fue trasladado a la sala de necropsia del área de patología animal. Al examen externo del cadáver se observó: pobre condición corporal, pelaje hirsuto, mucosas pálidas y marcada distención abdominal. La necropsia evidenció anemia (palidez en las mucosas ocular y bucal, así como en los músculos y en la escasez de tejido adiposo subcutáneo), se encontró hidrotórax e hidroperitoneo, los pre-estómagos se encontraron aumentados de tamaño con presencia de gas y material sólido. Al diseccionar el rumen se hallaron grandes cantidades de bolsas plásticas, así como gran cantidad de semillas de mango (Mangifera spp). Al diseccionar el abomaso, se detectó la mucosa abomasal eritematosa y edematizada con presencia de grandes cantidades de parásitos redondos de color rojo tipo Haemonchus contortus, por lo que fueron colectados parásitos adultos y materia fecal de la ampolla rectal y enviados al laboratorio de parasitología de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad de Córdoba para su clasificación. Los diagnósticos definitivos del cadáver fueron: anemia marcada, abomasitis parasitaria por Hemoncosis (Haemonchus contortus), sobrecarga ruminal por alotrofagia (plasticofagia), siendo éstas las causas probables de la muerte del animal.
Possibilidade do uso de Mexilhão Dourado contaminado com metais tóxicos em dietas para frangos de corte
Authors: Wachholz Lucas , Vianna Nunes Ricardo , Broch Jomara , De Souza Cleison
Published: July 2017

A avicultura brasileira ocupa posição de destaque no cenário mundial e existe a necessidade de que esta produção ocorra de forma sustentável, sendo assim a nutrição destes animais deve ser realizada de forma que provoque o menor impacto ambiental possível. Frente ao exposto surgem as conchas calcárias do mexilhão dourado que é um molusco invasor que ocupa grande parte dos rios de água doce da América do Sul e é responsável por gerar grandes impactos ambientais. O alto teor de cálcio (Ca) presente no mexilhão dourado faz com que este seja um potencial alimento com capacidade de substituir o calcário calcítico em dietas de frangos de corte, porém o seu hábito alimentar filtrador faz com que este possa conter teores de metais tóxicos como o cádmio (Cd) e o chumbo (Pb) que se contidos no interior do mexilhão podem causar contaminação dos frangos e conseqüentemente também dos produtos alimentícios derivados destes.
EKSPERIMENTASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE THINKING ALOUD PAIRS PROBLEM SOLVING (TAPPS) DAN TWO STAY TWO STRAY (TSTS) DITINJAU DARI GAYA KOGNITIF SISWA
Authors: Kusumaningtyas Tyas
Published: July 2017

This study aims to determine: (1) Which has the mathematics learning achievement better, a model of cooperative Thinking Aloud Pairs Problem Solving (Tapps), cooperative Two Stay Two Stray (TSTS) or direct instruction, (2) Which has the achievement better mathematics learning, students who have the cognitive style field independent (FI) or students who have the cognitive style field dependent (FD), (3) in each cognitive style, which one has the mathematics learning achievement better, a model of cooperative Thinking Aloud Pairs Problem Solving (Tapps), cooperative Two Stay Two Stray (TSTS) or direct learning, (4) on each of the learning model, which one has the achievement of better mathematics learning, students who have the cognitive style field independent (FI) or students who have the cognitive style of field dependent (FD.

This study is a quasi-experimental research. The populations in this study were all students of class VII SMP N 5 Metro 2015/2016 school year. The sampling technique was conducted by stratified cluster random sampling. The balance test performed using one way analysis of variance with different cells before carrying out a study of three groups of population. The data analysis technique used to test the hypothesis is two-way ANOVA with different cell with a 3x2 factorial design. Lilliefors prerequisite test method to test for normality and Bartlett methods for homogeneity.

From the analysis concluded: (1) cooperative learning model Thinking Aloud Pairs Problem Solving (Tapps) generates mathematics learning achievement better than cooperative learning model Two Stay Two Stray (TSTS), cooperative learning model Thinking Aloud Pairs Problem Solving (Tapps ) generates mathematics learning achievement better than learning direct, cooperative learning model Two Stay Two Stray (TSTS) generates mathematics learning achievement better than learning Direct, (2) students with cognitive style Field Independent (FI) had mathematics learning achievement better than students with cognitive style Field Dependent (FD), (3) the individual cognitive style, cooperative learning model Thinking Aloud Pairs Problem Solving (Tapps) generates mathematics learning achievement better than cooperative learning model Two Stay Two Stray (TSTS ), cooperative learning model Thinking Aloud Pairs Problem Solving (Tapps) generates mathematics learning achievement better than learning direct, cooperative learning model Two Stay Two Stray (TSTS) generates mathematics learning achievement better than learning Direct (4) on each model of learning, mathematics achievement of students with cognitive style Field Independent (FI) have better mathematics learning achievement than students with cognitive style Field Dependent (FD).

Keywords: Tapps, TSTS, Direct learning, Learning Achievement, Cognitive Style.
Eksperimentasi Model Pembelajaran STAD Berbantuan Geogebra pada Materi Similaritas Ditinjau dari Gaya Belajar
Authors: Wawan Wawan
Published: July 2017

The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of Learning model of STAD geogebra viewed from learning style. This research used the quasi experimental research method with the factorial design of 2 × 3. The population was entirely the students 4thof Mathematics Education Program Ma’arif Institute of Metro Lampung in Academic Year 2015/2016. The samples of the research were taken by using the cluster random sampling technique. The size of the sample was 50 students consisted of 26 students in the first experimental class and 24 students in the control class. The instruments to gather the data of the research were test of learning achievement in mathematics and student learning styles questionnaire. The data was analyzed by using the two-way analysis of variance with unbalanced cells. The conclusionsof thisresearchwere as follows. (1) The cooperative learning model of STAD Geogebra type resulted in a better learning achievement in mathematics than the Powerpoint-assisted direct learning model. (2) Students with visual learning style have the same achievement with students with auditory learning styles. Students with auditory learning style have the same achievement with students with kinesthetic learning styles. Students with visual learning styles have a better academic achievement than students with kinesthetic learning styles. (3) Difference in achievement of each learning method was not consistent with their respective learning styles and differences between individual learning style also was not consistent in each learning method Keywords: geogebra, power point, STAD
Fabrication and Solid State Characterization of Ticagrelor Co-Crystals with Improved Solubility and DissolutionOptimization and Validation of Visible-Spectrophotometry Method For
Determination Ascorbic Acid in Jeruk Bali (Citrus maxima) Fruit From
Indonesia
Authors: Sudjarwo Sudjarwo
Published: July 2017

The method validation is prelimnary step in a research when researcher has not familier yet with the instruments,
procedures and different sample matrices. The aim is obtaining suitable analytical method. Spectrophotometry is an
instrumental method which is simpler, faster and cheaper than other instrumental methods. This study optimized and
validated Spectrophotometry method for the determination of ascorbic acid in Jeruk Bali Fruit (Citrus maxima). Ascorbic
acid in acidic condition gives blue color when was reacted with ammonium molybdate, then the absorbance was
observed in visible wavelength area. Optimization to determine ascorbic acid (250.0 µg) required the addition of 4.0 ml
of 5% sulphuric acid, 1.5 ml of 3% metaphosphate acid, 1.5 ml of 5% ammonium molybdate and the resulting color was
stabil within 20-30 minutes. Furthermore, optimized condition was applied to validate Spectrophotometry method for the
determination of ascorbic acid in Jeruk Bali Fruit. Selectivity test obtained 701 nm as wavelength of choice, linierity test
resulted Y=0.0019x+0.071 and r=0.9998 (p=0.000; p0.01), Coeffisien of Variation (C.V)=0.3512%, recovery was (%)
= 100.2128±1.7039. Using optimized and validated condition, the determination of ascorbic acid in Jeruk Bali Fruit from
Indonesia =0.0208±0.0129 (%; w/w).
Bioanalytical Method Development and Validation of Naproxen:
Application to Bioequivalence Studies
Authors: Dharmalingam Senthil Rajan , Ramamurthy Srinivasan , Siddhardh Sai , Basheerudhin M.  D.
Published: July 2017

A new selective and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the quantification of
Naproxen in human plasma using diclofenac sodium asinternal standard (IS). Chromatographic separation was achieved
on aPhenomenex GEMINI C18 (150 x 4.6 mm, 5 mm) column. The mobile phase consists of a mixture of Acetonitrile:
0.5% Triethylamine buffer (50:50; v/v) and the pH of the mobile phase was adjusted to 3.5 by 85 % orthophosphoric acid.
Flow rate of mobile phase was 1 mL/min.Detection was performed at 230nm. The calibration curve was linear over the
concentration range from 10 to 120µg/mL. The detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) limits were 10 ng/mL and 25
ng/Ml respectively. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, specificity, robustness, and detection and
quantification limits, in accordance with ICH guidelines.The developed method for the determination of Naproxen from
human plasma has been found accurate, precise, selective, and suitable for the bioequivalence and pharmacokinetic studies.
The Sterility of Reusable Surgical Instruments with Pouches Packaging on One of the Private Hospital in Bandung
Authors: S. Kurniawansyah I. , R. Mita S. , E. Najla , E. Nindayani
Published: July 2017

Healthcare associated infection is one of the common infection that happens in Indonesia. One form control to prevent
healthcare associated infection is the sterilization process of the materials and medical instruments that used for taking care
of patients. At the private hospital whereas a place of research, there’s never been done the study of sterility test for reusable
instrument with pouches, based on previous studies showed that 8 sets from 40 sets of reusable instrument with linen were
not sterile moreover there were positively influence from the amount of time to the sterility of reusable instrument. The
purpose of these studies was to determining the relationship between a long storage time and the sterility of reusable
instruments with pouches. The method that used in this study was the sterility testing of reusable instrument with pouches
which were stored in a central operations room storage with a long storage time of 1 and 2 months. From 30 reusable
instruments with pouches which were stored for nine months there were 5 instruments were not sterile. The results of
statistic analysis showed that the amount of storage time not significantly associated to the sterility of reusable instrument
with pouches in the operating room central storage space.
Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Estimation of Cefpodoxime Proxetil and Dicloxacillin Sodium by Hydrotropy Using UV Spectroscopy
Authors: Y Suvarna , A. Madhavi
Published: July 2017

The present work describes the development of accurate, precise and high economic value for the simultaneous estimation
of Cefpodoxime proxetil and Dicloxacillin sodium by hydrotropy method using UV spectroscopy was developed and
validated. The method was performed on Lab c, model UV-3000 spectrophotometer with UV win software. 1M urea
was used as a solvent for analysis. Detection was carried out at 230nm for Cefpodoxime proxetil and 210 nm for
Dicloxacillin sodium. Linearity was observed at concentration range 2-20 µg/ml for Cefpodoxime proxetil and 5-30 µg/ml
for Dicloxacillin sodium. Correlation coefficient for Cefpodoxime proxetil and Dicloxacillin sodium was found to be 0.993
and 0.9998 respectively. The method can be successfully applicable to routine analysis.
Glioblastoma Multiforme - A Report on its Long-standing Standard of Care Treatment to Future Perception
Authors: Khan Anam , Aqil Mohammed , Khan Khalid , Ahmed Akram , Yashwant Yashwant
Published: July 2017

Cancer is a leading cause of Morbidity and Mortality. Currently, It is a second leading cause of death followed by
Cardiovascular diseases. Despite the fact that cancer can occur at any age, the older adults are more susceptible for tumor
spread and contribute for its largest increase in incident cases worldwide.
Trends in Firm Entry and New Entrepreneurship in Canada
Authors: Cao Shutao , Salameh Mohanad , Seki Mai , St-Amant Pierre
Published: July 2017

Since the early 1980s, the firm entry rate and the rate of new entrepreneurship have trended downward in Canada. This article documents these trends and discusses potential explanations. A shift-share analysis suggests that industrial and demographic structure changes cannot explain these long-term trends, although population aging accounts for part of the decline in new entrepreneurship since around 2000. The article discusses other factors that could contribute to the downward trends: increased industrial concentration, changing labour market conditions, increased college wage premium, higher student debt, and government regulation. Some of these may be important, but more research is needed before firm conclusions can be reached.
Assessment of Once Daily Sustained Release Hydrophilic Matrix Tablet of Carvedilol
Authors: Kumar Uttom , Islam Md Samiul , Halder Shimul , Rouf Abu Shara Shamsur
Published: July 2017

The objective of the present study was to design and evaluate once daily sustained release tablet of carvedilol, using two molecular weight grades of hydrophilic polymers (methocel® K4M CR and methocel®K15M CR) as release retarding materials. Two sets of formulations were prepared, where first set of four formulations (F1- F4) contained variable ratios of methocel® K4M CR and methocel® K15M CR (15% : 15%, 15% : 13%, 15% : 11% and 15% : 9%) to optimize the composition of polymers in the tablet matrices such that the drug and polymer interaction was sufficient for sustaining release up to 24 hours and second set of five formulations (F5-F9) contained variable percentages of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) (1.0, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75 and 2.0%) to enhance the dissolution rate of the drug from the tablet matrices because of its poor aqueous solubility. The tablets were prepared by direct compression method and evaluated for hardness, thickness, friability, weight variation and in vitro drug release. The in vitro dissolution studies were carried out in simulated gastric fluid (900 ml, pH 1.2) for 24 hours using USP type II apparatus operated at 100 rpm and 37 ± 0.05°C. The release profiles were explored and explained by zero order, first order, Higuchi, Korsmeyer-Peppas and Hixson-Crowell models. From this study, the drug release profiles for formulations F6 to F9 were found to be satisfactory and the release mechanism followed both diffusion and erosion. Due to lower percentage of SLS used, F6 was considered as the best formulation.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 16(1): 43-53, 2017 (June)
Biological Activities of the Methanolic Extracts of Coccinia indica and Mikania scandens Leaves Available in Bangladesh
Authors: Ekram Md Akhtar E , Sarker Md Enamul Haq , Talukder Afrin Priya , Sarker Badhan , Uddin Md Salah , Zaman Shahriar
Published: July 2017

Biological activities of the methanolic leaf extracts of Coccinia indica and Mikania scandens were observed through antimicrobial assay, cytotoxic assay and antioxidant activity through DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay with a comparison of IC50 values of extracts with standard antioxidant BHT (butylatedhydroxytoluene). In case of crude extract of Coccinia indica, antimicrobial assay showed that Pseudomonas sp., Escherichia coli were susceptible at a dose of 150?g/disc out of five tested bacteria. Again, out of five fungi strains, Phytopthora sp., Penicillium notatum, Aspergillus niger were sensitive against 150 ?g/disc containing crude extract. In the case of Mikania scandens, antimicrobial assay showed that Pseudomonas sp., Rhizobium for Vigna mongu (RVM), Rhizobium for Cicer arietinum (RCA)were susceptible at a dose of 150 ?g/disc, while Escherichia coli was susceptible at only 75 ?g/disc. Furthermore, out of five fungi strains, Phytopthora sp., Penicillium notatum were sensitive against 150?g/disc while Aspergillus niger was sensitive against 100 ?g/disc and 150 ?g/disc of M. scandens crude extract. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity of C. indica leaf extract displayed that it was capable of scavenging the 50% DPPH at the dose of 130 ?g/ml and itindicated that the plant extract had moderate to high antioxidant activity. However, Mikania scandens, the IC50 value was 125?g/ml which indicated that M. scandens leaf extract had strong antioxidant potentialities than the leaf extract of C. indica. Cytotoxic assay showed that the methanolic leaf extracts of C. indica and M. scandens were highly toxic for the aquatic organisms at the concentrations of above 104.60 and 89 ?g/ml, respectively.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 16(1): 87-93, 2017 (June)
Studies of Anti-arrhythmic and Hypercholesterolemic Activities of Ayurvedic Preparation Lauhasab in Rat Model
Authors: Rezwan Refaya , Zafar Sharmin , Chowdhury Abu Asad , Kabir Shaila , Amran Mohammad Shah , Rashid Mohammad Abdur
Published: July 2017

Lauhasab, an Ayurvedic preparation, is widely used in anemia and cardiovascular diseases. Despite its claim as a cardio-tonic there is paucity of studies on pharmacological activities and toxicities. In this study, the anti-arrhythmic effect and impact on lipid profile were evaluated. Rats were pretreated with 0.28 and 2.8 ml/kg body weight of Lauhasab for 35 days and electrocardiographic tracings were recorded and analyzed to determine heart rate and occurrence of arrhythmia. Electrocardiogram recorded before digoxin administration showed significant decrease in mean heart rate along with longer duration of bradycardia than in digoxin control group after 35 days of chronic pretreatment with both doses of Lauhasab. In animal experiments, various arrhythmias were observed after intraperitoneal injection of digoxin. Lauhasab decreased the duration and delayed onset of time of various arrhythmias. It showed significant increase in cholesterol and triglyceride levels in a dose dependent manner. It can be concluded that Lauhasab possesses significant anti-arrhythmic activity against digoxin-induced arrhythmia. It also revealed hyperlipidemic effects.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 16(1): 95-105, 2017 (June)
Advances in Management of Chronic Hepatitis C infection
Authors: Azad Khan Abul Kalam , Mowla Syed Ghulam Mogni
Published: July 2017

Abstract not availableJ Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2017; 35(2): 48-50
Post Operative Pulmonary Complications Following Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Hasan M Nurul Akhtar , Sharifuzzaman M , Shamsuddin Abul Kalam , Biswas Samir Kumar , Hossain Jesmin , Sheikh Mohammad Rahamat Ali
Published: July 2017

Objective: To identify the incidence and related factors for pulmonary complications and its impact on outcome in patients subjected to surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD).Methods: The sample comprised 141 patients of both genders, subjected to surgery for CHD, during 3 months period from 1st July 2014 to 30th September 2014. The data were obtained from newly improvised Congenital Heart Surgery Database.Results: Twenty eight (20%) patients developed some form of pulmonary complications. Age, weight, length and body surface area are significantly low among them (p <0.05). They also have higher Aristotle score & RACHS score, higher CPB time and aortic cross clamp time (p <0.01). Patients who had pulmonary complications had significantly higher (p <0.01) vasoactive inotrope score, prolonged mechanical ventilation, longer post operative ICU stay and post operative hospital stay. There was no mortality.Conclusions: Pulmonary complications are common after surgery for CHD which is more common in small children and complex surgeries. It significantly affects outcome including duration of mechanical ventilation and length of stay but no effect in mortality.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2017; 35(2): 52-60
Analysis of Histological Variants of Ameloblastomas of Jaws in Relation to their Clinical Presentations
Authors: Rahman Sabrina Binte , Sadat SM Anwar , Haider Ismat Ara , Ahmed Mohiuddin
Published: July 2017

Ameloblastoma is an odontogenic tumour with variable clinical characteristics and histological patterns.This study was done to find out the relationship between clinical presentation and histological types of ameloblastoma to provide a base line data for better and appropriate patient management. A cross sectional study on consecutive 50 histologically diagnosed Ameloblastoma patients attended to the department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dhaka Dental College and Hospital from July 2011 to June 2012 were included in the study. 75% clinically solid types were associated with histological follicular type and 62.5% cystic types were histological plexiform type.Plexiform type was found commonly in younger age group of patients than the follicular types. Desmoplastic ameloblastoma were found solely in anterior mandible.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2017; 35(2): 61-67
Relationship of Iron Deficiency Anemia with Simple Febrile Seizure in Children
Authors: Ghosal Sharmistha
Published: July 2017

Background and objective: Febrile Seizure (FS) is the commonest seizure disorder among under 5 children. Iron deficiency is a documented risk factor of FS and as the data about the relationship of iron deficiency with FS among Bangladeshi children is scanty, this study was undertaken to assess the association of Serum Ferritin to simple FS.Materials and Methods: This case control study was conducted at the department of pediatrics of SSMC & Mitford Hospital during 7th May 2011 to 6th January 2012 on consecutive 120 children aged between five months to six years who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were considered as cases. Similar number of age and sex matched children admitted with fever without seizures were taken as controls. All candidates were gone through CBC with RBC indices and serum ferritin and iron deficiency anemia was diagnosed on the basis of mentioned tests.Results: The results showed that majority of the cases were male (66.7%) and most of them were between 13-24 months of age (51.7%). Mean duration of convulsion was less than 5 minutes in 70% of the cases. Level of Hb was low in both the cases and controls but the other RBC indices for anemia like MCV, MCH, MCHC and serum ferritin were significantly lower among the febrile seizures group in comparison to controls. The chi-square test is indicated as a significant difference between two groups and odds ratio is 6.0 which signifies that febrile seizure group were 6.0 times more likely to develop iron deficiency anemia compared to control group.Conclusion: The findings suggest that children with febrile seizure have association with iron deficiency anemia (which is evident by microcytic hypochromic anemia and low serum ferritin level) .This means low serum ferritin and presence of anemia can serve as a risk factor for febrile seizure in children.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2017; 35(2): 75-79
Role of Sodium Bicarbonate to Treat Neonatal Metabolic Acidosis: Beneficial or Not
Authors: Afrin Manifa
Published: July 2017

Despite the lack of evidence for effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate in treatment of metabolic acidosis in critically ill patients who are admitted in neonatal and pediatric intensive care unit, bicarbonate administration is a common practice and has a long history of widespread use. The justification for persistent use of this controversial therapy comes from a variety of sources, many of them based in philosophy than in science. Clinicians must consider the intervention which will meet the therapeutic objective & existence of strong scientific evidence. To the contrary, there is increasing evidence of this detrimental therapy and adverse effects include diminished oxygen delivery to tissues, worsening intracellular acidosis, aggravated myocardial injury, fluctuations in cerebral blood flow, intracranial hemorrhage and reduces the likelihood success of resuscitation. This review summarizes the evidence and examines the controversy over the use of bicarbonate to treat metabolic acidosis in neonate.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2017; 35(2): 80-85