bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aureibacillus
Authors: Yu Min , Yan Liu , Zhang Xiao‐Hua
Published: June 2023

Au.re.i.ba.cil'lus. L. masc. adj.
aureus
, golden; L. masc. n.
bacillus
, rod; N.L. masc. n.
Aureibacillus
, golden rod.

Firmicutes / Bacilli / Bacillales / Bacillaceae / Aureibacillus

Aureibacillus
is a genus in the phylum
Firmicutes
, class
Bacilli
, order
Bacillales
, and family
Bacillaceae
. At the time of writing, it has only one species‐
Aureibacillus halotolerans
, which was isolated from marine sediment. Cells with ellipsoidal spores and peritrichous flagellae are Gram‐stain positive, obligately aerobic rods with lengths and widths ranging from 2.0–2.3 μm to 0.5–0.7 μm. Colonies of
Aureibacillus
are light orange, regular, opaque, and smooth. Bacteria in this genus are moderately halophilic that can tolerate a NaCl concentration of 15% (w/v) and grow optimally between a pH of 7.0–8.0 and mesophilic temperatures (about 24–32°C). Starch, Tween 20 and DNA are hydrolyzed. Tween 40 and 80 and gelatin are weakly hydrolyzed; but casein, chitin, and alginate are not hydrolyzed. The major respiratory quinone is MK‐7, and cell‐wall peptidoglycan is based on
meso
‐diaminopimelic acid. Predominant cellular fatty acids are anteiso‐C
15:0
, iso‐C
15:0
and C
16:0
.

DNA G + C content
(
mol%
): 47.7% (HPLC).

Type species
:
Aureibacillus halotolerans
Liu et al. 2015
VP
.
Roseinatronobacter
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Merkel Alexander Y.
Published: June 2023

Ro.se.i.nat.ro.no.bac'ter L. masc. adj.
roseus
, rose‐colored, rosy; N.L. neut. n.
natron
, soda (arbitrarily derived from the Arabic n.
natrun
or
natron
); N.L. masc. n.
bacter
, rod; N.L. masc. n.
Roseinatronobacter
, pink soda‐loving rod.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodobacterales / Rhodobacteraceae / Roseinatronobacter

The genus
Roseinatronobacter
is a member of the family
Rhodobacteraceae
, order
Rhodobacterales
within the
Alphaproteobacteria
. It includes obligately aerobic, moderately salt‐tolerant, alkaliphilic, bacteriochlorophyll
a
‐containing photoheterotrophic bacteria. The genus consists of two species: the type species
R. thiooxidans
and
R. monicus
, both isolated from soda lakes.

DNA G + C content (%)
: 59.2–60.3 (whole genome sequences).

Type species
:
Roseinatronobacter thiooxidans
Sorokin et al. 2000a, VL75.
Effects of Sc Addition and Direct Aging Treatment on Microstructure and Hardness of AlSi10Mg Alloy
Authors: Martinez Fellipe , Junior Carlos dos Santos , Leal Jaderson , Silva Argos , Gouveia Guilherme , Spinelli José
Published: June 2023

Cu‐mold centrifugal cast processing is employed as a rapid solidification method for producing samples with and without Sc. The Al–Si–Mg and Al–Si–Mg–Sc alloy samples are exposed to direct aging treatments varying temperature and time to verify the microstructural changes. Both rapidly solidified samples and as‐aged samples are characterized by a number of methods, including optical microscopy, SEM–EDS, transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)–EDS, TEM–HAADF, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Vickers hardness. At first, the results point to a strong precipitate‐related hardening effect formed as a result of the Sc addition to the alloy. All samples containing Sc show a higher hardness value when compared to their respective treated samples without Sc. Second, when comparing the Al–10Si–Mg–0.4Sc alloy samples among themselves after being treated at different conditions, high temperatures, and excessive treatment times are recognized as detrimental to the hardness. This is due to the growth of larger Sc‐bearing precipitates of approximately 1 μm in size under such conditions, having lower efficiency in pinning dislocations during loading. The best aging condition is 255 °C for 60 min, which produces a very fine dispersion of Mg and Sc intermetallics (200 nm in size) with a peak hardness of 110 HV.
Dynamic Covalent Adaptable Polyimide Hybrid Dielectric Films with Superior Recyclability
Authors: Wan Baoquan , Xiao Mengyu , Dong Xiaodi , Yang Xing , Zheng Ming‐Sheng , Dang Zhi‐Min , Chen George , Zha Jun‐Wei
Published: June 2023

Polyimides (PIs) used in advanced electrical and electronic devices can be electrically/mechanically damaged, resulting in a significant waste of resources. Closed‐loop chemical recycling may prolong the service life of synthetic polymers. However, the design of dynamic covalent bonds for preparing chemically recyclable crosslinked PIs remains a challenging task. Herein, new crosslinked PI films containing a PI oligomer, chain extender, and crosslinker are reported. They exhibit superior recyclability and excellent self‐healable ability owing to the synergistic effect of the chain extender and crosslinker. The produced films can be completely depolymerized in an acidic solution at ambient temperature, leading to efficient monomer recovery. The recovered monomers may be used to remanufacture crosslinked PIs without deteriorating their original performance. In particular, the designed films can serve as corona‐resistant films with a recovery rate of approximately 100%. Furthermore, carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRCs) with PI matrices are suitable for harsh environments and can be recycled multiple times at a non‐destructive recycling rate up to 100%. The preparation of high‐strength dynamic covalent adaptable PI hybrid films from simple PI oligomers, chain extenders, and crosslinkers may provide a solid basis for sustainable development in the electrical and electronic fields.
Trivalent Phosphine‐Catalyzed Reactions Using Fluorinated Building Blocks
Authors: Li Yi‐Chao , Wang Yu‐Hao , Jyoti Kalita Subarna , Huang Yi‐Yong
Published: June 2023

The development of novel synthetic methodologies to incorporate fluorine/s or fluoroalkyl group/s into the frameworks of organic molecules has become a highly prioritized research area because such modifications can tune their physiochemical and biological properties. In recent years, nucleophilic phosphine catalysis has been extensively explored to achieve this goal, and significant progress has been made. This review summarizes the methodological advancements of cycloaddition, addition and coupling reactions employing fluorinated building blocks as electrophilic and/or nucleophilic reaction partners under phosphine catalysis to construct structurally and synthetically valuable organofluorine compounds, with special emphasis on the synthetic strategies, proposed reaction mechanisms and synthetic utilities.
Development and Assessment of Computational Models Detailing the Influence of Extra‐Framework Cations on the Local Structure, Stability and Structure‐Property Relationships in Geopolymers
Authors: Misra Swayam Prabha , Deshpande Parag A.
Published: June 2023

This study presents density functional theory based computational analysis of geopolymeric materials of varied Si:Al ratios and extra‐framework cations. Due to the absence of crystallinity and long‐range order in geopolymers, no standard molecular models are present for quantum chemical analysis of these materials. Therefore, computationally feasible molecular models conforming to experimental reports and constraints are developed that accounted for all combinatorially possible local structures in the material. The computational analysis conclusively proved the effect of Si:Al ratio and the identity of the extra‐framework cation on the stability of the material with Si:Al = 2:1 decorated with Ca2 + ions exhibiting the highest stability. No significant effect of local structure is observed on the stability of the systems. Insights into the stability and adsorption property are developed on the basis of partial charge distribution thereby providing the details on the effects of constituent elements on the structure‐property relationships in geopolymers.
Monomicelle‐Directed Engineering of Strained Carbon Nanoribbons as Oxygen Reduction Catalyst
Authors: Xue Dongping , Guo Yingying , Lu Bang‐An , Xia Huicong , Yan Wenfu , Xue Dongfeng , Mu Shichun , Zhang Jia‐Nan
Published: June 2023

To date, precisely tailoring local active sites of well‐defined earth‐abundant metal‐free carbon‐based electrocatalysts for attractive electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), remains challenging. Herein, the authors successfully introduce a strain effect on active C–C bonds adjacent to edged graphitic nitrogen (N), which raises appropriate spin‐polarization and charge density of carbon active sites and kinetically favor the facilitation of O2 adsorption and the activation of O‐containing intermediates. Thus, the constructed metal‐free carbon nanoribbons (CNRs‐C) with high‐curved edges exhibit outstanding ORR activity with half‐wave potentials of 0.78 and 0.9 V in 0.5 m H2SO4 and 0.1 m KOH, respectively, overwhelming the planar one (0.52 and 0.81 V) and the N‐doped carbon sheet (0.41 and 0.71 V). Especially in acidic media, the kinetic current density (Jk) is 18 times higher than that of the planar one and the N‐doped carbon sheet. Notably, these findings show the spin polarization of the asymmetric structure by introducing a strain effect on the C–C bonds for boosting ORR.
Controllable Etching of Ti3SiC2 to Produce Fluorine‐Enriched, Hydrophobic 2D Titanium Carbide for Ultrastable Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Guo Yu , Gao Yuxuan , Chen Hao , Zhao Qi , Zhu Qi , Cao Zhenjiang , Li Bin , Shang Jiaxiang , Du Zhiguo , Yang Shubin
Published: June 2023

MXenes are mainly produced via selectively etching MAX phases in aqueous F‐containing solutions, commonly showing a highly hydrophilic character due to their plentiful ‐O and ‐OH terminations. However, the hydrophilic nature of MXenes may deteriorate their durability and stability as employed in humid and aqueous environments. Here, this work demonstrates a new etching approach to produce fluorine‐enriched MXene Ti3C2Fx via selective etching of Si from Ti3SiC2 in sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas. During the etching process, SF6 enables the selective removal of Si species with the formation of volatile SiF4 and efficiently reacts with the exposed surface of Ti3C2 slabs, affording Ti3C2Fx MXene with a fraction of ‐F termination up to 87 at.% and good hydrophobicity. Such hydrophobic Ti3C2Fx MXene is beneficial to suppress water‐induced side reactions and decrease the Zn nucleation energy barrier, delivering a long cyclic lifespan of 1200 h and superior rate performance up to 6.4 mA cm−2 in Ti3C2Fx/Zn symmetric cells. Coupled with nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF) as a cathode, the zinc full cell with Ti3C2Fx/Zn anode exhibits good rate capabilities (58 mAh g−1, 3.2 A g−1) and long cycling stability up to 1000 cycles at 3.2 A g−1.
In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Observation of Melted Germanium Encapsulated in Multilayer Graphene
Authors: Suzuki Seiya , Nemoto Yoshihiro , Shiiki Natsumi , Nakayama Yoshiko , Takeguchi Masaki
Published: June 2023

Germanene is a two‐dimensional germanium (Ge) analogous of graphene, and its unique topological properties are expected to make it a material for next‐generation electronics. However, no germanene electronic devices have yet been reported. One of the reasons for this is that germanene is easily oxidized in air due to its lack of chemical stability. Therefore, growing germanene at solid interfaces where it is not oxidized is one of the key steps for realizing electronic devices based on germanene. In this study, the behavior of Ge at the solid interface at high temperatures is observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). To achieve such in situ heating TEM observation, this work fabricates a graphene/Ge/graphene encapsulated structure. In situ heating TEM experiments reveal that Ge like droplets move and coalesce with other Ge droplets, indicating that Ge remains as a liquid phase between graphene layers at temperatures higher than the Ge melting point. It is also observed that Ge droplets incorporate the surrounding amorphous Ge as Ge nuclei, thereby increasing its size (domain growth). These results indicate that Ge crystals can be grown at the interface of van der Waals materials, which will be important for future germanene growth at solid interfaces.
On the Conformation of Dimeric Acceptors and Their Polymer Solar Cells with Efficiency over 18 %
Authors: Wu Jingnan , Ling Zhaoheng , Franco Leandro R. , Jeong Sang Young , Genene Zewdneh , Mena Josué , Chen Si , Chen Cailing , Araujo C. Moyses , Marchiori Cleber F. N. , Kimpel Joost , Chang Xiaoming , Isikgor Furkan H. , Chen Qiaonan , Faber Hendrik , Han Yu , Laquai Frédéric , Zhang Maojie , Woo Han Young , Yu Donghong , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Wang Ergang
Published: June 2023

The determination of molecular conformations of oligomeric acceptors (OAs) and their impact on molecular packing are crucial for understanding the photovoltaic performance of their resulting polymer solar cells (PSCs) but have not been well studied yet. Herein, we synthesized two dimeric acceptor materials, DIBP3F‐Se and DIBP3F‐S, which bridged two segments of Y6‐derivatives by selenophene and thiophene, respectively. Theoretical simulation and experimental 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic studies prove that both dimers exhibit O‐shaped conformations other than S‐ or U‐shaped counter‐ones. Notably, this O‐shaped conformation is likely governed by a distinctive “conformational lock” mechanism, arising from the intensified intramolecular π–π interactions among their two terminal groups within the dimers. PSCs based on DIBP3F‐Se deliver a maximum efficiency of 18.09 %, outperforming DIBP3F‐S‐based cells (16.11 %) and ranking among the highest efficiencies for OA‐based PSCs. This work demonstrates a facile method to obtain OA conformations and highlights the potential of dimeric acceptors for high‐performance PSCs.
Adamantoid Scaffolds for Multiple Cargo Loading and Cellular Delivery as β‐Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes
Authors: Ravi Arthi , Pathigoolla Atchutarao , Balan Haripriya , Gupta Ria , Raj Gowtham , Varghese Reji , Sureshan Kana M.
Published: June 2023

There is huge demand for developing guests that bind β‐CD and can conjugate multiple cargos for cellular delivery. We synthesized trioxaadamantane derivatives, which can conjugate up to three cargos per guest. 1H NMR titration and isothermal titration calorimetry revealed these guests form 1 : 1 inclusion complexes with β‐CD with association constants in the order of 103 M−1. Co‐crystallization of β‐CD with guests yielded crystals of their 1 : 1 inclusion complexes as determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. In all cases, trioxaadamantane core is buried within the hydrophobic cavity of β‐CD and three hydroxyl groups are exposed outside. We established biocompatibility using representative candidate G4 and its inclusion complex with β‐CD (β‐CD⊂G4), by MTT assay using HeLa cells. We incubated HeLa cells with rhodamine‐conjugated G4 and established cellular cargo delivery using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. For functional assay, we incubated HeLa cells with β‐CD‐inclusion complexes of G4‐derived prodrugs G6 and G7, containing one and three units of the antitumor drug (S)‐(+)‐camptothecin, respectively. Cells incubated with β‐CD⊂G7 displayed the highest internalization and uniform distribution of camptothecin. β‐CD⊂G7 showed higher cytotoxicity than G7, camptothecin, G6 and β‐CD⊂G6, affirming the efficiency of adamantoid derivatives in high‐density loading and cargo delivery.
Prolinyl Nucleotides Drive Enzyme‐Free Genetic Copying of RNA
Authors: Welsch Franziska , Kervio Eric , Tremmel Peter , Richert Clemens
Published: June 2023

Proline is one of the proteinogenic amino acids. It is found in all kingdoms of life. It also has remarkable activity as an organocatalyst and is of structural importance in many folded polypeptides. Here, we show that prolinyl nucleotides with a phosphoramidate linkage are active building blocks in enzyme‐ and ribozyme‐free copying of RNA in the presence of monosubstituted imidazoles as organocatalysts. Both dinucleotides and mononucleotides are incorporated at the terminus of RNA primers in aqueous buffer, as instructed by the template sequence, in up to eight consecutive extension steps. Our results show that condensation products of amino acids and ribonucleotides can act like nucleoside triphosphates in media devoid of enzymes or ribozymes. Prolinyl nucleotides are metastable building blocks, readily activated by catalysts, helping to explain why the combination of α‐amino acids and nucleic acids was selected in molecular evolution.
Transient Transcription Machineries Modulate Dynamic Functions of G‐Quadruplexes: Temporal Regulation of Biocatalytic Circuits, Gene Replication and Transcription
Authors: Dong Jiantong , Willner Itamar
Published: June 2023

Native G‐quadruplex‐regulated temporal biocatalytic circuits, gene polymerization, and transcription processes are emulated by biomimetic, synthetically engineered transcription machineries coupled to reconfigurable G‐quadruplex nanostructures. These are addressed by the following example: (i) A reaction module demonstrates the fuel‐triggered transcription machinery‐guided transient synthesis of G‐quadruplex nanostructures. (ii) A dynamically triggered and modulated transcription machinery that guides the temporal separation and reassembly of the anti‐thrombin G‐quadruplex aptamer/thrombin complex is introduced, and the transient thrombin‐catalyzed coagulation of fibrinogen is demonstrated. (iii) A dynamically fueled transient transcription machinery for the temporal activation of G‐quadruplex‐topologically blocked gene polymerization circuits is introduced. (iv) Transcription circuits revealing G‐quadruplex‐promoted or G‐quadruplex‐inhibited cascaded transcription machineries are presented. Beyond advancing the rapidly developing field of dynamically modulated G‐quadruplex DNA nanostructures, the systems introduce potential therapeutic applications.
A policy and research agenda for Asia's poultry industry
Authors: Mahanty Sango , Doron Assa , Hamilton Rebecca
Published: June 2023

Meat consumption and production in Asia have boomed over the last decade to meet growing regional and global demand. Asia now supplies around 40% of the global broiler or meat chicken industry. Dominant policy frameworks such as ‘One Health’ aim to manage the health risks associated with factory livestock farming, which has rightly become a major concern because of regular disease outbreaks. Yet this approach provides a limited basis for addressing broader risks and challenges associated with what we term the Asian ‘broiler complex’. This includes the intertwined networks of feed production, factory farming and meat distribution nodes through which health and environmental risks can accumulate and be amplified. By applying this broader lens, we highlight the need to better understand the industry's pressing environmental, animal welfare, social and health challenges to inform more integrated policy approaches.
Development of On‐DNA Cyclic Imide Synthesis for DNA Encoded Library Construction
Authors: Xue Lijun , Zhou Sufang , Wu Jing , Duchemin Nicolas , Chen Bingxin , Zhang Jie , Zhang Huanqing , Yang Kexin , Hu Yun Jin
Published: June 2023

Here, we describe a novel method for the on‐DNA synthesis of cyclic imides, an important class of molecules that includes several well‐known medications. Significantly, the new method enabled on‐DNA synthesis under mild conditions with high conversions and a broad functional group tolerance, utilizing ubiquitous bifunctional amines and bis‐carboxylic acid, or alkyl halides, and therefore served as the linchpin for DNA encoded library (DEL) synthesis. The mechanism study of off‐DNA and on‐DNA chemical transformations revealed unique insights in contrast to conventional chemical transformation.
Platinum and Palladium Organometallic Compounds: Disrupting the Ergosterol Pathway in Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Mosquillo Florencia , Scalese Gonzalo , Moreira Rodrigo , Denis Pablo A. , Machado Ignacio , Paulino Margot , Gambino Dinorah , Pérez‐Díaz Leticia
Published: June 2023

Current treatment for Chagas’ disease is based on two drugs, Nifurtimox and Benznidazol, which have limitations that reduce the effectiveness and continuity of treatment. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new, safe and effective drugs. In previous work, two new metal‐based compounds with trypanocidal activity, Pd‐dppf‐mpo and Pt‐dppf‐mpo, were fully characterized. To unravel the mechanism of action of these two analogous metal‐based drugs, high‐throughput omics studies were performed. A multimodal mechanism of action was postulated with several candidates as molecular targets. In this work, we validated the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway as a target for these compounds through the determination of sterol levels by HPLC in treated parasites. To understand the molecular level at which these compounds participate, two enzymes that met eligibility criteria at different levels were selected for further studies: phosphomevalonate kinase (PMK) and lanosterol 14‐α demethylase (CYP51). Molecular docking processes were carried out to search for potential sites of interaction for both enzymes. To validate these candidates, a gain‐of‐function strategy was used through the generation of overexpressing PMK and CYP51 parasites. Results here presented confirm that the mechanism of action of Pd‐dppf‐mpo and Pt‐dppf‐mpo compounds involves the inhibition of both enzymes.
Photoactivation of Solid‐State Fluorescence through Controllable Intermolecular [2+2] Photodimerization
Authors: Ping Xinni , Zhan Jiale , Zhu Yuqing , Wu Yuzhen , Hu Caiyi , Pan Junjun , Yao Chuangye , Zuo Jiaqi , Feng Hui , Qian Zhaosheng
Published: June 2023

Intermolecular [2+2] photodimerization provides a distinctive approach to construct photoresponsive fluorescent materials in a manner of switching on solid‐state fluorescence. Herein, we report efficient photoactivation of bright solid‐state fluorescence based on controllable intermolecular [2+2] photodimerization reaction of benzo[b]thiophene 1,1‐dioxide (BTO) derivatives, which provides a simple and effective way to construct smart photoresponsive solid‐state fluorescent materials. Rational choice of substituents in BTO molecular skeleton enables them to efficiently undergo photodimerization through regulating molecular stacking in crystal, and also leads to photoactivation of solid‐state fluorescence due to the generation of brightly fluorescent photodimers. This intermolecular photodimerization reaction also offers an effective method to synthesize photostable AIEgens with purely through‐space conjugation.
Performance evaluation of different types of surfactants to inhibit clay swelling during chemical enhanced oil recovery
Authors: Khezerloo‐ye Aghdam Saeed , Kazemi Alireza , Ahmadi Mohammad
Published: June 2023

In most cases, sandstone reservoirs contain clay particles. When a fluid with low salt content is injected into the reservoir, clay particles swell, and the rock's permeability decreases. Since surfactant flooding with water that has lower salinity than formation water is used to improve oil recovery, this study examines the swelling inhibitive strength of various surfactants. The study investigates the effect of surfactants on clay swelling inhibition through linear swelling and sedimentation experiments which showed that cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) inhibits clay swelling. The optimum CTAB concentration was found to be 1 wt.%. However, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and Triton X‐100 (TX‐100) did not inhibit clay swelling. Sandpack experiments confirmed that CTAB prevented clay swelling and sandpack permeability reduction, while SDS and TX‐100 did not. The injection pressure results for the different surfactants were as follows: CTAB—39 psi, SDS—203 psi, TX‐100—223 psi, deionized water (DW)—324 psi, and KCl—78 psi. The mechanism of surfactant performance in affecting clay swelling was investigated based on thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), zeta potential, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The results showed that CTAB compensates for the surface charge of clays through a cation exchange mechanism. The amount of absorbed water for clays modified with CTAB was lower than that for other surfactants. The SEM images confirmed that the CTAB‐modified clays were larger and did not disintegrate during dispersion; however, in other cases, the particle size was smaller.
Ethyl ester production with immobilized lipase in tin modified SBA‐15: Effect of the support characteristic and reaction conditions
Authors: Parmegiani Marcucci Sílvio Miguel , Zunta Raia Rodrigo , Zanin Gisella Maria , Arroyo Pedro Augusto
Published: June 2023

This study investigated the use of immobilized lipase in SBA‐15 and pore‐expanded SBA‐15 surface modified with tin, denoted as SnS23B (mean pore size of 21.6 nm) and SnS8B (with mean pore size of 9.6 nm), respectively, to produce ethyl esters. The effects of various reaction parameters, including biocatalyst type, oil (refined and degummed soybean oil), water addition, oil‐to‐ethanol molar ratio, immobilized lipase concentration, agitation speed, reaction temperature, and glycerol addition, were examined. The optimal conditions were found to be the use of SnS23B as the biocatalyst, degummed soybean oil as the substrate, 1% (w/w oil) water, 1:3 oil‐to‐ethanol molar ratio, 5% (w/w oil) immobilized lipase, 800 rpm agitation speed, and 25°C reaction temperature. The presence of glycerol negatively impacted the reaction. Under the optimal conditions, the mass percent of ethyl ester obtained was 98.2% ± 0.16. The immobilized lipase showed stability, as no lipase activity was detected upon removing the biocatalyst from the reaction. However, the biocatalyst lost 50% of its activity after 10 successive reactions, likely due to thermal deactivation and lipase inhibition caused be the adsorption of glycerol and other chemical species. Attenuated total reflectance analysis supported this hypothesis.
Effects of sacubitril‐valsartan in the treatment of chronic heart failure patients with end‐stage renal disease undergoing dialysis
Authors: Liu Xiaoyan , Huang Lidong , Tse Gary , Liu Tong , Che Jingjin
Published: June 2023

Background

The data on the effects of the angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) sacubitril‐valsartan (LCZ696) in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring dialysis are lacking. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of LCZ696 in CHF patients with ESRD on dialysis.

Hypothesis

LCZ696 treatment can reduce rehospitalization rate for HF, delay the occurrence of rehospitalization for HF, and prolong the survival time.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of CHF patients with ESRD on dialysis who were admitted to the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from August 2019 to October 2021.

Results

Sixty‐five patients had primary outcome during the follow‐up. The incidence of rehospitalization for HF in the control group was significantly higher than that in the LCZ696 group (73.47% vs. 43.28%, p = .001). There was no significant difference in mortality between the two groups (8.96% vs. 10.20%, p = 1.000). Our study included a time‐to‐event analysis through 1 year for the primary outcome—Kaplan–Meier curve showed that the LCZ696 group had significantly longer free‐event survival time than the control group over 1‐year follow‐up (median survival time 139.0 days vs. 116.0 days, p = .037).

Conclusions

Our study found that LCZ696 treatment was associated with a reduction in HF rehospitalization without significant effects on serum creatinine and serum potassium levels. LCZ696 is effective and safe in CHF patients with ESRD on dialysis.
Allocation of authorship and patient enrollment among global clinical trials in oncology
Authors: Rubagumya Fidel , Fundytus Adam , Keith‐Brown Sophie , Hopman Wilma M. , Gyawali Bishal , Mukherji Deborah , Hammad Nazik , Pramesh CS , Aggarwal Ajay , Eniu Alexandru , Sengar Manju , Riechelmann Rachel S. R. , Sullivan Richard , Booth Christopher M.
Published: June 2023

Background

Oncology randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are increasingly global in scope. Whether authorship is equitably shared between investigators from high‐income countries (HIC) and low‐middle/upper‐middle incomes countries (LMIC/UMIC) is not well described. The authors conducted this study to understand the allocation of authorship and patient enrollment across all oncology RCTs conducted globally.

Methods

A cross‐sectional retrospective cohort study of phase 3 RCTs (published 2014–2017) that were led by investigators in HIC and recruited patients in LMIC/UMIC.

Findings

During 2014–2017, 694 oncology RCTs were published; 636 (92%) were led by investigators from HIC. Among these HIC‐led trials, 186 (29%) enrolled patients in LMIC/UMIC. One‐third (33%, 62 of 186) of RCTs had no authors from LMIC/UMIC. Forty percent (74 of 186) of RCTs reported patient enrollment by country; in 50% (37 of 74) of these trials, LMIC/UMIC contributed <15% of patients. The relationship between enrollment and authorship proportion is very strong and is comparable between LMIC/UMIC and HIC (Spearman’s ρ LMIC/UMIC 0.824, p < .001; HIC 0.823, p < .001). Among the 74 trials that report country enrollment, 34% (25 of 74) have no authors from LMIC/UMIC.

Conclusions

Among trials that enroll patients in HIC and LMIC/UMIC, authorship appears to be proportional to patient enrollment. This finding is limited by the fact that more than half of RCTs do not report enrollment by country. Moreover, there are important outliers as a significant proportion of RCTs had no authors from LMIC/UMIC despite enrolling patients in these countries. The findings in this study reflect a complex global RCT ecosystem that still underserves cancer control outside high‐income settings.
Assessing trends in breast care surveillance metrics after implementing surgeon‐specific tracking and performance reporting in a large, integrated cancer network
Authors: White Richard L. , Wallander Michelle L. , Leighliter Marjorie E. , Sha Wei , Palmer Pooja P. , Sejdic Almira , Benbow Jennifer H. , Sarma Deba , Robinson Myra M. , Trufan Sally J. , Sarantou Terry
Published: June 2023

Background

There are few quality metrics and benchmarks specific to surgical oncology. Development of a surgeon‐level performance metrics system based on peer comparisons is hypothesized to positively influence surgical decision‐making. This study established a tracking and reporting system comprised of evidence and consensus‐based metrics to assess breast care delivered by individual surgeons.

Methods

Surgeons’ performance is assessed by a surveillance tracking system of metrics pertaining to referrals and surgical elements. This retrospective analysis of prospectively collected breast care data reports on recurring 6‐month and cumulative data from nine care locations from 2015 to 2021.

Results

Breast care was provided to 6659 patients by 41 surgeons. A total of 27 breast care metrics were evaluated over 7 years. Metrics with consistent, proficient results were retired after 18 months, including the rate of core biopsy, specimen orientation, and referrals to medical oncology, genetics, and fertility, among others. In clinically node‐negative, hormone receptor‐positive patients 70 years of age or older, the cumulative rate of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy significantly decreased by 40% over 5.5 years (p < .001). The overall breast conservation rate for T0–T2 cancer increased 10% over 7 years. At the surgeon level, improvements were made in the median number of SLNs removed and in operative note documentation.

Conclusions

Implementation of a surgeon‐specific, peer comparison‐based metric and tracking system has yielded substantive changes in breast care management. This process and governance structure can serve as a model for quantification of breast care at other institutions and for other disease sites.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Water Pollutants and Pesticides Using Plasmon‐Molecule Coupled Gold‐BODIPY Nanoparticles
Authors: Hemant  , Rahman Atikur , Neelakandan Prakash P.
Published: June 2023

Development of effective and sustainable water treatment processes is the need‐of‐the‐hour for addressing the global water crisis. Here, we report the synthesis of a plasmon‐molecule coupled nanocomposite (NC) and its photosensitization properties in solution and on thin films. Our results indicate that the thin films exhibit excellent stability at different temperatures and pH conditions and that the plasmonic photoexcitations result in efficient generation of singlet oxygen. The thin film serves as a heterogeneous photocatalyst for the degradation of a variety of water pollutants and pesticides. This approach thus offers a low‐cost, environmental friendly and singlet oxygen mediated photocatalytic solution for degrading organic contaminants.
Anlotinib plus camrelizumab achieved long‐term survival in a patient with metastatic esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Lingxiao , Xu Guanxin , Chen Tianwei , Wang Qiyuan , Zhao Jing , Zhang Ting , Duan Rong , Xia Yang
Published: June 2023

Background

Esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) is a rare cancer with an extremely poor prognosis. The average overall survival of patients with metastatic disease is only 1 year. The efficacy of anti‐angiogenic agents combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors remains unknown.

Case Presentation

A 64‐year‐old man, initially diagnosed with esophageal NEC, underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and esophagectomy. Although the patient remained disease‐free for 11 months, eventually the tumor progressed and did not respond to three lines of combined therapy (etoposide plus carboplatin with local radiotherapy, albumin‐bound paclitaxel plus durvalumab, and irinotecan plus nedaplatin). The patient then received anlotinib plus camrelizumab, and a dramatic regression was observed (confirmed by positron emission tomography‐computed tomography). The patient has been disease‐free for over 29 months and has survived for over 4 years since diagnosis.

Conclusion

Combined therapy with anti‐angiogenic agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors may be a promising strategy for esophageal NEC, although more evidence is warranted to validate its efficacy.
A mat‐heuristics approach for electric vehicle route optimization under multiple recharging options and time‐of‐use energy prices
Authors: Kumar Ashwani , Aggarwal Ashutosh , Rani Anu , Bedi Jatin , Kumar Ravinder
Published: June 2023

Traveling has contributed a lot to the evolution of mankind. Today, electric vehicles (EVs) are being preferred due to their greater efficiency, comfort, and environment‐friendly qualities. The EVs' contribution to future mobility is projected to rise exponentially in years to come. To make this innovative technology more successful, there is a dire need to install a sufficient number of charging stations (CSs). As the EVs are limited by their cruising range, they require multiple recharging to cover long distances (especially in the case of logistics delivery services). Thus, there is a great need to develop an efficient and cost‐effective EV route optimization approach considering multiple recharging options and time‐of‐use (ToU) energy prices. In this regard, a novel mat‐heuristic approach named (firefly with ant colony algorithm) has been proposed to solve the problem of EVRPTW (electric vehicle routing problem with time windows) incorporating detailed modeling of multiple charging flexibility (i.e., battery swapping, partial recharge, and different charging levels) and ToU energy prices. Our proposed approach aims to minimize the total cost of traveling, which is highly influenced by the cost of recharging. Ant colony algorithm (ACA) serves as the basic optimization framework in the proposed approach, while the firefly approach explores hitherto unexplored solution space and avoids local optima. The computation performance of the proposed approach is compared with existing state‐of‐the‐art similar domain approaches such as variable neighborhood search (VNS) and ant colony optimization using local search (ACO‐LS) which has average deviation of nearly 20%–25% from with optimal solution achieved by the proposed . The proposed approach yields a near‐optimal solution with a faster convergence rate (approximately 50%) compared to other existing approaches. Moreover, the multiple recharging options modeled in our proposed approach justify their significance in terms of cost‐effectiveness for most scenarios.
Quantum Chemistry in Solution: Fiftieth Anniversary
Authors: Ruiz‐López Manuel F. , Rivail Jean‐Louis
Published: June 2023

In this perspective, we briefly present the historical context in which, fifty years ago, dielectric continuum models were developed to incorporate solvent effects into quantum mechanical calculations. Since the first self‐consistent‐field equations including the solvent electrostatic potential (or reaction field) were reported in 1973, continuum models have become extremely popular in the computational chemistry community and are routinely used in a very wide range of applications.
Industrial development alters wolf spatial distribution mediated by prey availability
Authors: Boczulak Hannah , Boucher Nicole P. , Ladle Andrew , Boyce Mark S. , Fisher Jason T.
Published: June 2023

Increasing resource extraction and human activity are reshaping species' spatial distributions in human‐altered landscape and consequently shaping the dynamics of interspecific interactions, such as between predators and prey. To evaluate the effects of industrial features and human activity on the occurrence of wolves (Canis lupus), we used wildlife detection data collected in 2014 from an array of 122 remote wildlife camera traps in Alberta's Rocky Mountains and foothills near Hinton, Canada. Using generalized linear models, we compared the occurrence frequency of wolves at camera sites to natural land cover, industrial disturbance (forestry and oil/gas exploration), human activity (motorized and non‐motorized), and prey availability (moose, Alces alces; elk, Cervus elaphus; mule deer, Odocoileus hemionus; and white‐tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus). Industrial block features (well sites and cutblocks) and prey (elk or mule deer) availability interacted to influence wolf occurrence, but models including motorized and non‐motorized human activity were not strongly supported. Wolves occurred infrequently at sites with high densities of well sites and cutblocks, except when elk or mule deer were frequently detected. Our results suggest that wolves risk using industrial block features when prey occur frequently to increase predation opportunities, but otherwise avoid them due to risk of human encounters. Effective management of wolves in anthropogenically altered landscapes thus requires the simultaneous consideration of industrial block features and populations of elk and mule deer.
Wide word‐length carry‐select adder design using ripple carry and carry look‐ahead method based hybrid 4‐bit carry generator
Authors: Hasan Mehedi , Chowdhury Sujan , Faruqe Omar , Chakraborty Arindom , Zaman Hasan U. , Islam Sharnali
Published: June 2023

This research aims to fill up the research gap in energy‐efficient transistor‐level wide word‐length carry circuit generator by using ripple carry (RC) and carry look‐ahead (CLA) method‐based hybrid 4‐bit carry generation process for wide word‐length carry‐select adder (CSLA). Compared to the existing 4‐bit CLA architectures, the proposed 4‐bit RC‐CLA method‐based hybrid 4‐bit carry generator showed performance improvement in terms of power and power delay product (PDP). Later, the 4‐bit carry architectures (existing and proposed) were used as a base to implement 16‐bit carry select adder (CSA) in order to investigate and compare the effect of using the proposed hybrid RC‐CLA based 4‐bit carry generator in large structures. Unlike 4‐bit operation, the proposed design displayed the best performance in power and PDP for 16‐bit CSA extension, which proves its effectiveness in wide word‐length adder structures.
Factors relating to sustainability and scalability of the ‘Food, Move, Sleep (FOMOS) for Postnatal Mental Health’ program: Qualitative perspectives from key stakeholders across Australia
Authors: Teychenne Megan , Apostolopoulos Maria , France‐Ratcliffe Madeleine , Chua Elysha , Hall Sanae , Opie Rachelle S. , Blunden Sarah , Duncan Mitch J. , Olander Ellinor K. , Koorts Harriet
Published: June 2023

Issue Addressed

Supporting healthy behaviours (quality diet, physical activity, sleep) through home‐based interventions is feasible to improve postnatal mental health. Involving stakeholders in developing interventions is essential for maximising accessibility, implementation and scale‐up. This study aimed to identify factors affecting the sustainable implementation and scalability of the Food, Move, Sleep (FOMOS) for Postnatal Mental Health program, including strategies to enhance research‐practice translation.

Methods

Stakeholders (n = 13) involved in promoting physical activity, healthy eating, postnatal and mental health, public health and/or policy participated in semi‐structured interviews. Interviews, based on PRACTIS Guide recommendations for implementation and scale‐up, explored perceptions of program design, implementation and scalability. Reflexive thematic analysis was undertaken. Identified implementation and scale‐up strategies were mapped against the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change compendium and PRACTIS Guide.

Results

Individual‐level: Targeting multiple systems (primary, tertiary, community‐based care) and entry points (early, mid‐postpartum) for uptake was important. For equity, screening women in public hospitals, engaging with community agencies and targeting most at‐risk women, was suggested. Provider‐level: Stakeholders identified strategies to enhance future roll‐out (organisations assisting with recruitment). Factors impacting sustainability included high demand for the FOMOS program, and governance around screening and funding; online delivery, connecting with partners and providers and integration into existing services may enhance sustainability. Systems‐level: Political support and community champions were perceived important for program dissemination. Nine strategies addressing program uptake, reach, implementation, potential scalability and sustainability were identified.

Conclusions

For sustainable implementation and potential scalability of a home‐based multi‐behaviour postnatal intervention, multi‐level implementation and scale‐up strategies, aligned with existing health systems, policies and initiatives to support postnatal mental health should be considered.

So What?

This paper provides a comprehensive list of strategies that can be used to enhance sustainable implementation and scalability of healthy behaviour programs targeting postnatal mental health. Further, the interview schedule, systematically developed and aligned with the PRACTIS Guide, may serve as a useful resource for researchers conducting similar studies in future.
Sacrocolpopexy after sub‐total hysterectomy vs. sacral hysteropexy for advanced urogenital prolapse: A propensity‐matched study
Authors: Arcieri Martina , Morlacco Alessandro , Montebelli Francesco , Mancini Mariangela , Soligo Matteo , Restaino Stefano , Driul Lorenza , Campagna Giuseppe , Panico Giovanni , Ercoli Alfredo , Scambia Giovanni , Dal Moro Fabrizio , Vizzielli Giuseppe
Published: June 2023

Objective

To compare objective and subjective outcomes of laparoscopic sacral colpopexy with supracervical hysterectomy (L‐SCP) and robotic sacral hysteropexy (R‐SHP).

Methods

This is a multicenter retrospective propensity score matched study. In the period between January 2014 and December 2018, we enrolled 161 patients with apical prolapse stage 2 or above, alone or with multicompartment descensus.

Results

After propensity‐match analysis, there were 44 women for each group. Patients of the two groups had similar preoperative characteristics. No difference was found in terms of estimated blood loss, hospital stay, operative time, and intraoperative or postoperative complications. Subjective success rate, 12 months after surgery, was statistically better in the L‐SCP group (P = 0.034): 81.8% and 97.8% women had Patient Global Impression of Improvement scores less than 3, in R‐SHP and L‐SCP, respectively. The objective cure rate was high in both groups without any significant differences in recurrence rate (P = 0.266).

Conclusion

Both procedures are safe and effective in pelvic organ prolapse treatment. Patients who no longer desire uterine preservation could be encouraged to consider L‐SCP. R‐SHP is an alternative in women who are strongly motivated to preserve their uterus in the absence of abnormal uterine findings.
Reactive oxygen species‐mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress contributes to osteocyte death induced by orthodontic compressive force
Authors: Yan Ming , Zhang Yun , Niu Wanting , Liu Kezhou , Xue Lingyun , Zhou Kexin
Published: June 2023

During orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), osteocytes, the most mechanosensitive cells in alveolar bone, suffer the heavy orthodontic force and initiate alveolar bone resorption on the compression side. However, the inherent mechanisms of compressive force‐induced osteocyte death are not fully understood. In this study, we established an OTM model on Sprague–Dawley rats by inserting coil springs to investigate osteocyte damage on the compression side of alveolar bone. We then applied compressive force on the MLO‐Y4 osteocyte‐like cell line in vitro to explore whether the reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) pathway is involved in compressive force‐induced osteocyte death. We found that the orthodontic force caused apparent alveolar bone loss, osteocyte death, and elevated serum sclerostin and receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL) levels in rats. In vitro, compressive force inhibited cell viability but increased the LDH leakage and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in MLO‐Y4 cells. Simultaneously, it activated protein kinase RNA‐like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α), and their downstream pro‐apoptotic ERS signaling proteins and caused significant osteocyte apoptosis, which can be blocked by ERS inhibitor salubrinal. Moreover, the compressive force elevated intracellular ROS levels, while the ROS scavenger N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC) alleviated ERS and apoptosis in loaded osteocytes. These results suggest that the orthodontic compressive force induced osteocyte apoptosis via the ROS‐mediated ERS pathway. This study first proposes the ERS pathway as a new potential pathway for regulating the rate of OTM based on osteocyte death.

Research Highlights

The orthodontic force increases osteocyte death in rat alveolar bone.

The compressive force causes osteocyte apoptosis by the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) pathway in vitro.

The ROS scavenger NAC blocked compressive force‐induced ERS and osteocyte apoptosis.
Carbon 14 synthesis of glycine transporter 1 inhibitor Iclepertin (BI 425809) and its major metabolites
Authors: Latli Bachir , Hrapchak Matt J. , Frutos Rogelio P. , Lee Heewon , Song Jinhua J.
Published: June 2023

Carbon 14 labeled Iclepertin (BI 425809, 1) and its major metabolites were needed for ADME and several other studies necessary for the advancement of this drug candidate in clinical trials. Iclepertin is composed of two main chemical blocks, (R)‐5‐(methylsulfonyl)‐2‐([1,1,1‐trifluoropropan‐2‐yl]oxy)benzoic acid (2), and 3‐[(1R,5R)‐3‐azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan‐5‐yl]‐5‐(trifluoromethyl)isoxazole (3) linked to each other via an amide bond. In the first synthesis of carbon 14 labeled 1, 2‐fluorobenzoic acid, carboxyl‐14C was converted to [14C]‐2 in three steps and then coupled to 3 to provide [14C]‐1a in 45% overall yield. In the second synthesis, [14C]‐3 was prepared in six radioactive steps and coupled to the acid 2 to furnish [14C]‐1b in 20% overall yield. Both synthetic routes provided [14C]‐1a and [14C]‐1b with specific activities higher than 53 mCi/mmol and radiochemical, chemical, and enantiomeric purities above 98%. Two major metabolites of 1, BI 761036 and BI 758790, were also prepared labeled with carbon 14 using intermediates already available from the synthesis of [14C]‐1.