bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Black Motherhood Politics in Costa Rica: Diasporic Genealogies and Links to the State
Authors: Muñoz-Muñoz Marianela
Published: November 2022

Black women who seek and win elected office are changing the political landscape in the Americas. In Latin America, this shift became widely recognized when Epsy Campbell Barr became the first Black woman vice president in Costa Rica in 2018. Her election builds on the work of three generations of women whose engagement in formal politics is rooted in their intertwined identities as Black, women, and of West Indian descent. By recovering a racialized, gendered, and ethnicized lineage of community activism, relationships, and networking—which I call “Little’s links” to honor the legacy of the writer and activist Eulalia Bernard Little—I argue that in Costa Rica, Caribbean identity and Black motherhood politics have influenced Black women’s engagement in national politics. This account of these other (and mothers’) political routes to state power for Afro-Caribbean women in Costa Rica complements current explanations of Black women’s participation in national politics elsewhere.
Cyclicity of period annulus for a class of quadratic reversible systems with a nonrational first integral
Authors: Cen Xiuli , Liu Changjian , Sun Yangjian , Wang Jihua
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we study the quadratic perturbations of a one-parameter family of reversible quadratic systems whose first integral contains the logarithmic function. By the criterion function for determining the lowest upper bound of the number of zeros of Abelian integrals, we obtain that the cyclicity of either period annulus is two. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first result for the cyclicity of period annulus of the one-parameter family of reversible quadratic systems whose first integral contains the logarithmic function. Moreover, the simultaneous bifurcation and distribution of limit cycles from two-period annuli are considered.
Dietary betaine intake and risk of mortality in patients with coronary artery disease: the prospective Guangdong Coronary Artery Disease Cohort
Authors: Liu Si , Wang Dongjin , Li Bo , Li Kai , Dai Xin , Cheng Lokyu , Wang Jing , Huang Ting , Tang Yue , Xiao Yunjun
Published: November 2022

This study is designed to explore the association between dietary betaine intake and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular death in patients with coronary artery diseases (CAD). In this cohort study, 1292 patients with CAD were followed up for a median of 9·2 years. Baseline dietary betaine intake was collected using a paper-based semi-quantitative FFQ and assessed according to the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) database and the data of betaine in common foods. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyse the association between dietary betaine intake and risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. During the follow-up periods, 259 deaths recorded in 1292 participants, of which 167 died of CVD. Patients in the highest tertile of dietary betaine intake had a lower risk of all-cause (P = 0·007) and cardiovascular death (P < 0·001) than those in the lowest tertile after adjusting for age and sex, traditional cardiovascular risk factors and other potential confounders. After further adjusting for plasma methionine metabolites and vitamins, hazard ratio across tertiles of dietary betaine intake were 1·00, 0·84 and 0·72 for all-cause mortality (Pfor trend = 0·124), and 1·00, 0·77 and 0·55 for cardiovascular mortality (Pfor trend = 0·021). Higher dietary betaine intake was associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular death after fully adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, other potential confounders and plasma methionine metabolites and vitamins. However, the association between dietary betaine intake and risk of all-cause mortality was not statistically significant after further adjusting for plasma methionine metabolites and vitamins.
The association between B vitamins and the risk of COVID-19
Authors: Darand Mina , Hassanizadeh Shirin , Martami Fahime , Shams Shamim , Mirzaei Masoud , Hosseinzadeh Mahdieh
Published: November 2022

The fast spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic and its high mortality were quickly noticed by the health community. B vitamins are essential micronutrients for the body with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immune-regulating properties. The present study can provide a comprehensive picture of the associations between B vitamins and COVID-19 incidence. This study was undertaken on 9189 adult participants of the Yazd Health Study (YaHS) and Taghzieh Mardom-e-Yazd (TAMIZ) study aged 20 to 69 years. Data on dietary intakes were obtained using a validated FFQ. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between B vitamins and COVID-19. Our findings indicated that participants in the fourth quartile of vitamin B5 intake compared with the first quartile had a protective effect against COVID-19 (OR: 0·53, 95 % CI 0·28, 0·99, P-trend = 0·02) after adjustment for all possible confounds in model 3. In addition, participants in the third quartile of vitamin B12 intake compared with the first quartile (OR: 0·63, 95 % CI 0·40, 0·98, P-trend = 0·11) had fewer odds of COVID-19 after full adjustments for confounders. Our findings indicated no significant relationship between dietary intake of vitamin B1, B2, B3, B9 and B-complex and COVID-19. A higher intake of vitamin B5 could reduce the odds of COVID-19 by 47 %, and a moderate intake of vitamin B12 had a protective effect on COVID-19. Although our study has promising results, stronger clinical studies are needed.
CVIVS MENSAE SACRA? A TEXTUAL PROBLEM IN VALERIUS MAXIMUS (VAL. MAX. 4.2.3)
Authors: Westphal Heiko
Published: November 2022

This note proposes to emend the problematic preserved reading ad cuius mensae sacra (Val. Max. 4.2.3) to ad Iouis mensae sacra.
Hide the Outcasts: Isaiah 16:3–4 and Fugitive Slave Laws
Authors: Couey J. Blake , Schipper Jeremy
Published: November 2022

Isaiah 16:3–4, part of an obscure prophecy about ancient Moab, appeared frequently in nineteenth-century writings about slavery in the United States, particularly in the context of opposition to fugitive slave laws. The verses were linked with other biblical passages to create a network of proof texts to justify assisting persons who escaped slavery. Eventually, the line “hide the outcast” from verse 3 took on a life of its own as an abolitionist slogan, largely independently of its biblical context. Rebuttals of these uses of the texts by anti-abolitionist writers, which began to appear in the 1850s, criticized the decontextualization of the verses, and one novel response attempted to link the text to interracial intimacy. Despite these rebuttals, the use of the text continued apace throughout the 1850s–1860s in response to the 1850 Fugitive Slave Act and the execution of John Brown.
Scaling of the Hosking integral in decaying magnetically dominated turbulence
Authors: Zhou Hongzhe , Sharma Ramkishor , Brandenburg Axel
Published: November 2022

The Saffman helicity invariant of Hosking & Schekochihin (Phys. Rev. X, vol. 11, issue 4, 2021, 041005), which we here call the Hosking integral, has emerged as an important quantity that may govern the decay properties of magnetically dominated non-helical turbulence. Using a range of different computational methods, we confirm that this quantity is indeed gauge invariant and nearly perfectly conserved in the limit of large Lundquist numbers. For direct numerical simulations with ordinary viscosity and magnetic diffusivity operators, we find that the solution develops in a nearly self-similar fashion. In a diagram quantifying the instantaneous decay coefficients of magnetic energy and integral scale, we find that the solution evolves along a line that is indeed suggestive of the governing role of the Hosking integral. The solution settles near a line in this diagram that is expected for a self-similar evolution of the magnetic energy spectrum. The solution will settle in a slightly different position when the magnetic diffusivity decreases with time, which would be compatible with the decay being governed by the reconnection time scale rather than the Alfvén time.
Interpretation bias in health anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Du Xiayu , Witthöft Michael , Zhang Tao , Shi Congrong , Ren Zhihong
Published: November 2022

Interpretation bias (i.e. the selective negative interpretation of ambiguous stimuli) may contribute to the development and maintenance of health anxiety. However, the strength of the empirical evidence for this association remains a topic of debate. This study aimed to estimate the association between health anxiety and interpretation bias and to identify potential moderators of this association. Chinese-language databases (CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang), English-language databases (Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus), and German-language databases (Psyndex and PubPsych) were searched for relevant studies. There were 36 articles (39 studies) identified by this search (N = 8984), of which 32 articles (34 studies) were included in the meta-analysis (N = 8602). Results revealed a medium overall effect size (g = 0.67). Statistically equivalent effect sizes were observed for patients diagnosed with clinical health anxiety (g = 0.58) and subclinical health anxiety (g = 0.72). The effect sizes for threat stimuli that were health related (g = 0.68) and not health related (g = 0.63) did not differ significantly. The effect size for studies using an offline paradigm (g = 0.75) was significantly higher than that for studies using an online paradigm (g = 0.50). It is concluded that health anxiety is significantly and robustly associated with interpretation bias. These findings are of central importance for the advancement of models and treatment of health anxiety.
A critical qualitative inquiry of the social practices of older adult gamblers: implications for public health risk prevention
Authors: Johnson Rebecca H. , Pitt Hannah , Randle Melanie , Thomas Samantha L.
Published: November 2022

Older adults' participation in gambling is increasing internationally. Due to their lifestage, older adults may be vulnerable to gambling-related harm. When investigating older adults' gambling, researchers have mostly focused on the individual characteristics of ‘problem gamblers’. Less is known about the socio-cultural, environmental and commercial factors that may influence older adults' gambling behaviours. Utilising Social Practice Theory, this critical qualitative inquiry of N = 40 Australian older adults (aged 55 and over) explored how social practices influenced gambling participation. Using a Constructivist Grounded Theory approach, data were interpreted using a reflexive thematic analysis. Theme 1 identified how gambling practices fulfilled older adults' social needs. Gambling was embedded in social activities and created a sense of belonging. Theme 2 highlighted how gambling became an everyday part of some participants' lives, with a range of routines constructed around gambling. While social factors influenced routinised gambling behaviours, the accessibility of gambling products in everyday settings contributed to engagement with gambling. This study demonstrates that a range of social, environmental and commercial factors may influence and routinise the gambling practices of older adults. Interventions aimed at preventing and reducing routine gambling participation among older adults should acknowledge the interplay between agency and social structure. Public health responses should aim to disrupt routine behaviours associated with gambling for older adults.
Signs of the times: the Canterbury children’s operas of Alan Ridout
Authors: Bannan Nicholas
Published: November 2022

This article places in historical context the three operas written by Alan Ridout for the choir of Canterbury Cathedral during the 1960s. Analysis of these works and their gestation is presented as a microcosm representing wider developments in music education since then. The analysis weaves together personal recollections, authenticated through correspondence with teachers and other alumni involved, combined with the examination of archive material, and with musical and textual analysis. The works themselves remain fresh and worthy of performance today, while the intentions behind them represent a mirror through which the role of musical creativity in contemporary education will be considered.
Destruction of a Sacrosanct Past: Iconoclasm and Norse Revival in Post-war Norway
Authors: Haugland Sørensen Tonje
Published: November 2022

Central to this reflection upon the interconnectedness between the destruction of a monument in Norway after the Second World War and iconoclasm will be work by Swiss art historian Dario Gamboni who, in The Destruction of Art (1997), argues that any understanding of modern and contemporary iconoclasm must be contextualized via the redefinition of art and its actual autonomy. In so doing, this article will open a twofold reflection concerning iconoclasm as an act of destruction, while also reflecting as to whether or not the very term ‘iconoclasm’ is perhaps best understood by what Dutch scholar Mieke Bal (2002) has called a ‘travelling concept’. The latter will hopefully allow for a consideration of iconoclasm through interdisciplinary cultural analysis, and, as such, enrich our understanding of the term and its practices in both historical and contemporary perspectives.
Reconciling National and Supranational Identities: Civilizationism in European Far-Right Discourse
Authors: Cerrone Joseph
Published: November 2022

How do European far-right parties reconcile their long-standing nationalism with their allegiance to European “civilization”? Although they are certainly not contradictory, simultaneously adopting national and supranational identities requires considerable discursive maneuvering to articulate clearly. In this article, I argue that the European Far Right negotiates the boundaries between its national and supranational identities through two discursive mechanisms, abstraction and embedding, which present civilizationism as nonthreatening to and partially constituted by nationalism. Specifically, abstraction links European civilization to general features of a shared heritage, whereas embedding connects civilization to elements of the nationalist repertoire. I demonstrate the Far Right’s monopolization of civilizational discourse and use of these twin mechanisms through quantitative and qualitative analyses of more than 1,000 party manifestos and more than 650,000 tweets. These findings contribute to the growing scholarly literature that treats civilizations as supranational “imagined communities” and has implications for the study of nationalism, civilizationism, and the Far Right.
Tensions between norms of everyday narrating and legal narrating
Authors: Daiute Colette , Di Donato Flora
Published: November 2022

Contemporary asylum laws challenge the narratives of migrants and legal professional teams. Struggles arise in requirements to tell the right story defined by legal norms while storytelling in everyday life relies on sociocultural norms. Professionals working with socially and legally vulnerable populations, as in education and asylum cases, can bridge that gap if we understand narrating as a relational process with credibility and coherence developing over time in terms of the clients’ experience and institutional expectations. This paper presents dynamic storytelling methodology to guide such a process, applied successfully with a Roma community seeking inclusion in public education and used to interpret two unsuccessful asylum cases. Drawing on those examples, we conclude by proposing a socio-legal framework for collaborative lawyering in research on clinical legal training. The goal is a narrative process based on legal actors’ awareness that truth acquisition is a human sense-making process framed by human rights norms.
Indirect social contact interventions to reduce mental health-related stigma in low- and middle-income countries: systematic review
Authors: Makhmud A. , Thornicroft G. , Gronholm P. C.
Published: November 2022

Aims

Mental health-related stigma and discrimination are a complex and widespread issue with negative effects on numerous aspects of life of people with lived experience of mental health conditions. Research shows that social contact is the best evidence-based intervention to reduce stigma. Within the context of a rapid development of remote technology, and COVID-19-related restrictions for face-to-face contact, the aim of this paper is to categorise, compare and define indirect social contact (ISC) interventions to reduce stigma and discrimination in mental health in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Methods

MEDLINE, Global Health, EMBASE, PsychINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Control Trials (CENTRAL), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) were searched using a strategy including terms related to ‘stigma and discrimination’, ‘intervention’, ‘indirect social contact’, ‘mental health’ and ‘low- and middle-income countries’. Relevant information on ISC interventions was extracted from the included articles, and a quality assessment was conducted. Emerging themes were coded using a thematic synthesis method, and a narrative synthesis was undertaken to present the results.

Results

Nine studies were included in the review overall. One study was ineffective; this was not considered for the categorisation of interventions, and it was considered separately for the comparison of interventions. Of the eight effective studies included in synthesis, interventions were categorised by content, combination of stigma-reducing strategies, medium of delivery, delivery agents, target condition and population, as well as by active or passive interaction and follow-up. Most of the interventions used education and ISC. Recovery and personal experience were important content components as all studies included either one or both. Cultural adaptation and local relevance were also important considerations.

Conclusions

ISC interventions were effective in overall terms for both the general public and healthcare providers, including medical students. A new definition of ISC interventions in LMICs is proposed. More research and better reporting of intervention details are needed to explore the effectiveness of ISC strategies in LMICs, especially in regions where little relevant research has been conducted.
Hemispheric Geochemical Dichotomy of the Mantle Is a Legacy of Austral Supercontinent Assembly and Onset of Deep Continental Crust Subduction
Authors: Jackson M. G. , Macdonald F. A.
Published: November 2022

Oceanic hotspots with extreme enriched mantle radiogenic isotopic signatures—including low 143Nd/144Nd indicative of subducted continental crust—are linked to plume conduits sampling the southern hemispheric mantle. However, the mechanisms responsible for concentrating subducted continental crust in the austral mantle are unknown. We show that subduction of sediments and subduction eroded material, and lower continental crust delamination, cannot generate this spatially coherent austral geochemical domain. However, continental collisions—associated with the assembly of Gondwana‐Pangea—were positioned predominantly in the southern hemisphere during the late Neoproterozoic appearance of widespread continental ultra‐high‐pressure metamorphic terranes, which marked the onset of deep subduction of upper continental crust. We propose that deep subduction of upper continental crust at ancient rifted‐passive margins during ca. 650‐300 Ma austral supercontinent assembly resulted in enhanced upper continental crust delivery into the southern hemisphere mantle. Similarly enriched mantle domains are absent in the boreal mantle plume source, for two reasons. First, continental crust subducted after 300 Ma—when the continents drifted into the northern hemisphere—has had insufficient time to return to the surface in plumes sampling the northern hemisphere mantle. Second, before the first known appearance of continental ultra‐high‐pressure rocks at 650 Ma, deep subduction of upper continental crust was uncommon, limiting its subduction into the northern (and southern) hemisphere mantle earlier in Earth history. Our model implies a recent formation of the austral enriched mantle domain, explains the geochemical dichotomy between austral and boreal plume sources, and may explain why there are twice as many austral hotspots as boreal hotspots.
Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document for GEDI Footprint Aboveground Biomass Density
Authors: Kellner James R. , Armston John , Duncanson Laura
Published: November 2022

The Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) lidar is a multibeam laser altimeter on the International Space Station (ISS). GEDI is the first spaceborne instrument designed to measure vegetation height and to quantify aboveground carbon stocks in temperate and tropical forests and woodlands. This document describes the algorithm theoretical basis underpinning the development of the GEDI Level‐4A (GEDI04_A) footprint aboveground biomass density (AGBD) data product. The GEDI04_A data product contains estimates of AGBD for individual GEDI footprints and associated prediction intervals. The algorithm uses GEDI02_A relative height metrics and 13 linear models to predict AGBD in 32 combinations of plant functional type and world region within the observation limits of the ISS. GEDI04_A models for the release 1 and release 2 data products were developed using 8,587 quality‐filtered simulated GEDI waveforms associated with field estimates of AGBD in 21 countries. Although this is the most geographically comprehensive data available for the development of AGBD models using lidar remote sensing, important regions are underrepresented, including the forests of continental Asia, deciduous broadleaf forests and savannas of the dry tropics, and evergreen broadleaf forests north of Australia. We describe the scientific and statistical assumptions required to develop globally representative estimates of AGBD using GEDI lidar, including generalization beyond training data, and exclusion of GEDI02_A observations that do not meet requirements of the GEDI04_A algorithm. The footprint‐level predictions generated by this process provide globally comprehensive estimates of AGBD. These footprint‐level predictions are a prerequisite for the GEDI04_B gridded AGBD data product.
Seismic Activities and Hazards of the Seismic Gaps in the Haiyuan Fault in Northeastern Tibet: Insights From Numerical Modeling Earthquake Interaction
Authors: Chen Jianquan , Liu Chang , Zhang Hang , Shi Yaolin
Published: November 2022

The 2022 Mw 6.6 Menyuan earthquake occurred in the Qilian‐Haiyuan fault system in northeastern Tibet. To investigate the mechanism behind the 2022 Menyuan earthquake and the seismic hazards (SHs) of the Tianzhu seismic gap, the spatiotemporal stress variations on the Qilian‐Haiyuan fault zone were assessed before and after 2022 by modeling the stress changes caused by 12 historical large earthquakes during the last century. The results showed that the 2022 Menyuan earthquake was delayed due to a stress shadow caused by the 1927 Mw 8.3 Gulang earthquake. The stress shadow also covers the middle section of the Tianzhu seismic gap and inhibits its seismic activities to some extent. By preventing the rupture of the Tianzhu seismic gap in a single event, this stress shadow may reduce the risk of a future earthquake with a magnitude of more than Mw 7.7 in the Tianzhu seismic gap (length = approximately 260 km). The western portion of the Tianzhu Seismic Gap (length = approximately 18 km) was stress‐loaded with the peak ΔCFS value of approximately 375.15 kPa due to the 2016 Mw 5.9 and 2022 Mw 6.6 Menyuan earthquakes, indicating its increased SHs. The eastern portion of the Tianzhu seismic gap (length = approximately 149 km) was stress‐loaded with the peak ΔCFS value of approximately 1,035 kPa due to the 1927 Mw 8.3 Gulang and 1920 Mw 8.5 Haiyuan earthquakes, indicating its increased SHs. Therefore, more efforts should be made to prepare for the future hazards prevention in the eastern portion of the Tianzhu seismic gap.
Mineral Soils Are an Important Intermediate Storage Pool of Black Carbon in Fennoscandian Boreal Forests
Authors: Eckdahl Johan A. , Rodriguez Pere Casal , Kristensen Jeppe A. , Metcalfe Daniel B. , Ljung Karl
Published: November 2022

Approximately 40% of earth's carbon (C) stored in land vegetation and soil is within the boreal region. This large C pool is subjected to substantial removals and transformations during periodic wildfire. Fire‐altered C, commonly known as pyrogenic carbon (PyC), plays a significant role in forest ecosystem functioning and composes a considerable fraction of C transport to limnic and oceanic sediments. While PyC stores are beginning to be quantified globally, knowledge is lacking regarding the drivers of their production and transport across ecosystems. This study used the chemo‐thermal oxidation at 375°C (CTO‐375) method to isolate a particularly refractory subset of PyC compounds, here called black carbon (BC), finding an average increase of 11.6 g BC m−2 at 1 year postfire in 50 separate wildfires occurring in Sweden during 2018. These increases could not be linked to proposed drivers, however BC storage in 50 additional nearby unburnt soils related strongly to soil mass while its proportion of the larger C pool related negatively to soil C:N. Fire approximately doubled BC stocks in the mineral layer but had no significant effect on BC in the organic layer where it was likely produced. Suppressed decomposition rates and low heating during fire in mineral subsoil relative to upper layers suggests potential removals of the doubled mineral layer BC are more likely transported out of the soil system than degraded in situ. Therefore, mineral soils are suggested to be an important storage pool for BC that can buffer short‐term (production in fire) and long‐term (cross‐ecosystem transport) BC cycling.
Occurrence and Characteristics of Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances in the Antarctic Peninsula Region
Authors: Paznukhov V. V. , Sopin A. A. , Galushko V. G. , Kashcheyev A. S. , Koloskov A. V. , Yampolski Y. M. , Zalizovski A. V.
Published: November 2022

A statistical picture of the occurrence and characteristics of Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (TIDs) over the Antarctic Peninsula is established using Global Navigation Satellite System Total Electron Content and High Frequency sounding observations. The measured parameters of the majority of the disturbances allow classifying them as medium scale TIDs (MSTIDs). Overall, the observed climatology of ionospheric disturbances in the Antarctic Peninsula region varies significantly with the season and makes it possible to differentiate two major types of the disturbances: winter daytime and summer nighttime, based on their occurrence periods and characteristics. During the Antarctic summer period, the disturbances are present mainly during the nighttime and morning hours, when the background plasma density is at maximum (due to Weddell Sea Anomaly). These disturbances predominantly propagate northwestward and their occurrence probability is well correlated with the sporadic E layer observations, suggesting that these are electrified MSTIDs. During the winter, the TID events are almost exclusively observed during the daytime. The propagation direction of the disturbances during the daytime shows a strong correlation with the background neutral wind direction in the thermosphere. A possible mechanism for this effect is wind filtering of the Atmospheric Gravity Waves originating in the troposphere, which indicates that their source is in the lower atmosphere. The periods of the TIDs also significantly differ between the seasons. Wintertime TIDs have noticeably shorter periods (10–50 min) than those observed during other parts of the year (30–140 min), which also likely reflects the fact that the two types of TIDs are generated by different physical mechanisms.
On the Intensity of First Return Strokes in Positive Cloud‐To‐Ground Lightning in Winter
Authors: Wu Ting , Wang Daohong , Takagi Nobuyuki
Published: November 2022

Intensities of about 700 first return strokes (RSs) in positive cloud‐to‐ground lightning flashes observed by a 14‐site Fast Antenna Lightning Mapping Array in one winter season are analyzed. Peak currents estimated from range‐normalized peak amplitudes of electric field change (E‐change) waveforms of RSs are used to represent their intensities. It is found that peak currents of positive RSs are positively correlated with their waveform parameters including pulse width, rise time, fall time and half‐peak width. Time differences between lightning initiation and first RSs are closely related with peak currents of positive RSs, with strong positive RSs usually associated with small time differences. Peak currents of positive RSs are also related with amplitudes of preceding leader pulses. Out of 674 positive RSs, 232 are preceded by positive leader pulses, and amplitudes of these pulses are positively correlated with peak currents of RSs. Strong positive RSs with peak currents larger than 150 kA are analyzed and compared with strong negative RSs. While strong negative RSs usually produce abnormal E‐change waveforms that are generally different from typical RS waveforms, strong positive RSs do not have such special features. Strongest positive RSs usually occur within a very short time (usually smaller than 10 ms) after lightning initiation and are more likely to be associated with positive preliminary breakdown pulses. It is inferred that these strongest RSs are usually preceded by a fast downward positive leader with a speed on the order of 106 m/s. Charge structures responsible for strong positive RSs are discussed.
Provenance of the Mesozoic Succession of Franz Josef Land (North‐Eastern Barents Sea): Paleogeographic and Tectonic Implications for the High Arctic
Authors: Ershova Victoria , Prokopiev Andrei , Stockli Daniel , Kurapov Mikhail , Kosteva Natalia , Rogov Mikhail , Khudoley Andrei , Petrov Eugeny O.
Published: November 2022

Study of the Mesozoic succession of Franz Josef Land (FJL) has shed new insights on the stratigraphy and geological history of the neighboring portion of the Arctic. Based on the composition of pebbles and cobbles from Lower Jurassic conglomerates, we suggest that the pre‐Mesozoic stratigraphy of the NE Barents Sea comprises Cambrian metasandstones intruded by Late Paleozoic granites and overlain by Carboniferous–Permian sedimentary deposits. U‐Pb and ZHe ages of detrital zircons from Uppermost Triassic–Lower Cretaceous strata of FJL reveal Precambrian to Early Mesozoic grains. The most abundant Late Paleozoic detrital zircon population suggests the existence of the same in age magmatic events in the provenance area. ZHe ages show Late Triassic (ca. 225 Ma) exhumation of the provenance area. Moreover, the youngest grains of detrital zircons are Middle‐Late Triassic in age pointing that significant uplift of provenance coincides with magmatic activity. Based on these data, we suggest that the provenance area for Triassic–Lower Cretaceous strata of FJL was characterized by a similar geological composition, as well as magmatic and tectonic history, to the Taimyr fold‐and‐thrust belt and Kara terrane. A comparison of detrital zircon data from coeval strata elsewhere in the Arctic realm suggests that this eastern provenance area was actively sourcing sediments right across the Barents Sea Basin, and possibly as far as the Sverdrup basin, during the Latest Triassic–Jurassic. The period of Late Triassic uplift represented a significant tectonic event across the north‐eastern Barents Sea, and likely initiated an increase in sediment supply and a reorganization of pre‐existing sediment transport pathways.
Future climate conditions accelerate wheat straw decomposition alongside altered microbial community composition, assembly patterns, and interaction networks
Authors: Wahdan Sara Fareed Mohamed , Ji Li , Schädler Martin , Wu Yu-Ting , Sansupa Chakriya , Tanunchai Benjawan , Buscot François , Purahong Witoon
Published: November 2022

Although microbial decomposition of plant litter plays a crucial role in nutrient cycling and soil fertility, we know less about likely links of specific microbial traits and decomposition, especially in relation to climate change. We study here wheat straw decomposition under ambient and manipulated conditions simulating a future climate scenario (next 80 years) in agroecosystems, including decay rates, macronutrient dynamics, enzyme activity, and microbial communities. We show that future climate will accelerate straw decay rates only during the early phase of the decomposition process. Additionally, the projected climate change will increase the relative abundance of saprotrophic fungi in decomposing wheat straw. Moreover, the impact of future climate on microbial community assembly and molecular ecological networks of both bacteria and fungi will strongly depend on the decomposition phase. During the early phase of straw decomposition, stochastic processes dominated microbial assembly under ambient climate conditions, whereas deterministic processes highly dominated bacterial and fungal communities under simulated future climate conditions. In the later decomposition phase, similar assembly processes shaped the microbial communities under both climate scenarios. Furthermore, over the early phases of decomposition, simulated future climate enhanced the complexity of microbial interaction networks. We concluded that the impact of future climate on straw decay rate and associated microbial traits like assembly processes and inter-community interactions is restricted to the early phase of decomposition.
RHBDL2 promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of pancreatic cancer by stabilizing the N1ICD via the OTUD7B and activating the Notch signaling pathway
Authors: Chen Shiyu , Cai Kun , Zheng Dijie , Liu Yanqing , Li Lin , He Zhiwei , Sun Chengyi , Yu Chao
Published: November 2022

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most malignant types of cancer, and is characterized by early metastasis, limited response to chemotherapeutics, and poor prognosis. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore new therapeutic strategies for PC treatment. Human rhomboid-like 2 (RHBDL2) is differentially expressed in cervical and breast cancer. However, the correlation between RHBDL2 and PC remains unclear. We found that RHBDL2 is highly expressed in human PC cells and tissues and is significantly associated with distant metastasis and poor survival of patients with PC. Gain- and loss-of-function assays indicated that RHBDL2 could accelerate PC cell proliferation and mobility in vitro and in vivo. The RNA-Seq results suggest that RHBDL2 may be involved in the activation of Notch signaling pathway. IMR-1 could restore the proliferation and metastatic capacity of PC cells mediated by RHBDL2. RHBDL2 interacted with and cleaved Notch1, resulting in the release of N1ICD. RHBDL2 decreased the ubiquitination level of N1ICD and collaborated with Ovarian tumor domain-containing 7B (OTUD7B) to stabilize N1ICD via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. RHBDL2 facilitated PC cell proliferation and mobility by stabilizing the N1ICD via the OTUD7B and activating the Notch signaling pathway. Thus, targeting this novel pathway may be a potential therapeutic strategy for PC.
Oxidative degradation of dihydrofolate reductase increases CD38-mediated ferroptosis susceptibility
Authors: Ma Yingying , Yi Meiqi , Wang Weixuan , Liu Xiaohui , Wang Qingtao , Liu Chongdong , Chen Yuling , Deng Haiteng
Published: November 2022

High expression of CD38 in tissues is a characteristic of aging, resulting in a decline in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and increasing cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, whether CD38 increases susceptibility to ferroptosis remains largely unexplored. Our previous study showed that CD38 overexpression decreased dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). In the present study, we confirmed that high expression of CD38 increased ROS levels and induced DHFR degradation, which was prevented by nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) replenishment. We further revealed that ROS-mediated sulfonation on Cys7 of DHFR induced its degradation via the autophagy and non-canonical proteasome pathways. Mutation of Cys7 to alanine abolished ROS-induced DHFR degradation. Moreover, oxidative degradation of DHFR was responsible for the increased ferroptosis susceptibility of cells in which CD38 was highly expressed. We also found that CD38 expression was higher in bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from aged mice than those from young mice, while the DHFR level was lower. Consequently, we demonstrated that BMDMs from aged mice were more susceptible to ferroptosis that can be reverted by NMN replenishment, suggesting that CD38 high expression rendered cells more susceptible to ferroptosis. Taken together, these results indicated that CD38-mediated NAD+ decline promoted DHFR oxidative degradation, thus resulting in increased cellular susceptibility to ferroptosis and suggesting that NMN replenishment may protect macrophages from ferroptosis in aged mice.
PRMT3 drives glioblastoma progression by enhancing HIF1A and glycolytic metabolism
Authors: Liao Yunfei , Luo Zaili , Lin Yifeng , Chen Huiyao , Chen Tong , Xu Lingli , Orgurek Sean , Berry Kalen , Dzieciatkowska Monika , Reisz Julie A. , D’Alessandro Angelo , Zhou Wenhao , Lu Q. Richard
Published: November 2022

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor, but the mechanisms underlying tumor growth and progression remain unclear. The protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) regulate a variety of biological processes, however, their roles in GBM growth and progression are not fully understood. In this study, our functional analysis of gene expression networks revealed that among the PRMT family expression of PRMT3 was most significantly enriched in both GBM and low-grade gliomas. Higher PRMT3 expression predicted poorer overall survival rate in patients with gliomas. Knockdown of PRMT3 markedly reduced the proliferation and migration of GBM cell lines and patient-derived glioblastoma stem cells (GSC) in cell culture, while its over-expression increased the proliferative capacity of GSC cells by promoting cell cycle progression. Consistently, stable PRMT3 knockdown strongly inhibited tumor growth in xenograft mouse models, along with a significant decrease in cell proliferation as well as an increase in apoptosis. We further found that PRMT3 reprogrammed metabolic pathways to promote GSC growth via increasing glycolysis and its critical transcriptional regulator HIF1α. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of PRMT3 with a PRMT3-specific inhibitor SGC707 impaired the growth of GBM cells. Thus, our study demonstrates that PRMT3 promotes GBM progression by enhancing HIF1A-mediated glycolysis and metabolic rewiring, presenting a point of metabolic vulnerability for therapeutic targeting in malignant gliomas.
Micronutrient supplementation interventions in preconception and pregnant women at increased risk of developing pre-eclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gunabalasingam Sowmiya , De Almeida Lima Slizys Daniele , Quotah Ola , Magee Laura , White Sara L. , Rigutto-Farebrother Jessica , Poston Lucilla , Dalrymple Kathryn V. , Flynn Angela C.
Published: November 2022

Background

Pre-eclampsia can lead to maternal and neonatal complications and is a common cause of maternal mortality worldwide. This review has examined the effect of micronutrient supplementation interventions in women identified as having a greater risk of developing pre-eclampsia.

Methods

A systematic review was performed using the PRISMA guidelines. The electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled trials were searched for relevant literature and eligible studies identified according to a pre-specified criteria. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to examine the effect of micronutrient supplementation on pre-eclampsia in high-risk women.

Results

Twenty RCTs were identified and supplementation included vitamin C and E (n = 7), calcium (n = 5), vitamin D (n = 3), folic acid (n = 2), magnesium (n = 1) and multiple micronutrients (n = 2). Sample size and recruitment time point varied across studies and a variety of predictive factors were used to identify participants, with a previous history of pre-eclampsia being the most common. No studies utilised a validated prediction model. There was a reduction in pre-eclampsia with calcium (risk difference, −0.15 (−0.27, −0.03, I2 = 83.4%)), and vitamin D (risk difference, −0.09 (−0.17, −0.02, I2 = 0.0%)) supplementation.

Conclusion

Our findings show a lower rate of pre-eclampsia with calcium and vitamin D, however, conclusions were limited by small sample sizes, methodological variability and heterogeneity between studies. Further higher quality, large-scale RCTs of calcium and vitamin D are warranted. Exploration of interventions at different time points before and during pregnancy as well as those which utilise prediction modelling methodology, would provide greater insight into the efficacy of micronutrient supplementation intervention in the prevention of pre-eclampsia in high-risk women.
Alkaloid binding to opium poppy major latex proteins triggers structural modification and functional aggregation
Authors: Ozber Natali , Carr Samuel C. , Morris Jeremy S. , Liang Siyu , Watkins Jacinta L. , Caldo Kristian M. , Hagel Jillian M. , Ng Kenneth K. S. , Facchini Peter J.
Published: November 2022

Opium poppy accumulates copious amounts of several benzylisoquinoline alkaloids including morphine, noscapine, and papaverine, in the specialized cytoplasm of laticifers, which compose an internal secretory system associated with phloem throughout the plant. The contiguous latex includes an abundance of related proteins belonging to the pathogenesis-related (PR)10 family known collectively as major latex proteins (MLPs) and representing at least 35% of the total cellular protein content. Two latex MLP/PR10 proteins, thebaine synthase and neopione isomerase, have recently been shown to catalyze late steps in morphine biosynthesis previously assigned as spontaneous reactions. Using a combination of sucrose density-gradient fractionation-coupled proteomics, differential scanning fluorimetry, isothermal titration calorimetry, and X-ray crystallography, we show that the major latex proteins are a family of alkaloid-binding proteins that display altered conformation in the presence of certain ligands. Addition of MLP/PR10 proteins to yeast strains engineered with morphine biosynthetic genes from the plant significantly enhanced the conversion of salutaridine to morphinan alkaloids.
Single-cell profiling reveals a memory B cell-like subtype of follicular lymphoma with increased transformation risk
Authors: Wang Xuehai , Nissen Michael , Gracias Deanne , Kusakabe Manabu , Simkin Guillermo , Jiang Aixiang , Duns Gerben , Sarkozy Clementine , Hilton Laura , Chavez Elizabeth A. , Segat Gabriela C. , Wong Rachel , Kim Jubin , Aoki Tomohiro , Islam Rashedul , May Christina , Hung Stacy , Tyshchenko Kate , Brinkman Ryan R. , Hirst Martin , Karsan Aly , Freeman Ciara , Sehn Laurie H. , Morin Ryan D. , Roth Andrew J. , Savage Kerry J. , Craig Jeffrey W. , Shah Sohrab P. , Steidl Christian , Scott David W. , Weng Andrew P.
Published: November 2022

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent cancer of mature B-cells but with ongoing risk of transformation to more aggressive histology over time. Recurrent mutations associated with transformation have been identified; however, prognostic features that can be discerned at diagnosis could be clinically useful. We present here comprehensive profiling of both tumor and immune compartments in 155 diagnostic FL biopsies at single-cell resolution by mass cytometry. This revealed a diversity of phenotypes but included two recurrent patterns, one which closely resembles germinal center B-cells (GCB) and another which appears more related to memory B-cells (MB). GCB-type tumors are enriched forEZH2,TNFRSF14, andMEF2Bmutations, while MB-type tumors contain increased follicular helper T-cells. MB-type and intratumoral phenotypic diversity are independently associated with increased risk of transformation, supporting biological relevance of these features. Notably, a reduced 26-marker panel retains sufficient information to allow phenotypic profiling of future cohorts by conventional flow cytometry.
CryoEM structures of the multimeric secreted NS1, a major factor for dengue hemorrhagic fever
Authors: Shu Bo , Ooi Justin S. G. , Tan Aaron W. K. , Ng Thiam-Seng , Dejnirattisai Wanwisa , Mongkolsapaya Juthathip , Fibriansah Guntur , Shi Jian , Kostyuchenko Victor A. , Screaton Gavin R. , Lok Shee-Mei
Published: November 2022

Dengue virus infection can cause dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Dengue NS1 is multifunctional. The intracellular dimeric NS1 (iNS1) forms part of the viral replication complex. Previous studies suggest the extracellular secreted NS1 (sNS1), which is a major factor contributing to DHF, exists as hexamers. The structure of the iNS1 is well-characterised but not that of sNS1. Here we show by cryoEM that the recombinant sNS1 exists in multiple oligomeric states: the tetrameric (stable and loose conformation) and hexameric structures. Stability of the stable and loose tetramers is determined by the conformation of their N-terminal domain – elongated β-sheet or β-roll. Binding of an anti-NS1 Fab breaks the loose tetrameric and hexameric sNS1 into dimers, whereas the stable tetramer remains largely unbound. Our results show detailed quaternary organization of different oligomeric states of sNS1 and will contribute towards the design of dengue therapeutics.
CK2-mediated phosphorylation of SUZ12 promotes PRC2 function by stabilizing enzyme active site
Authors: Gong Lihu , Liu Xiuli , Jiao Lianying , Yang Xin , Lemoff Andrew , Liu Xin
Published: November 2022

Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) plays a key role in maintaining cell identity during differentiation. Methyltransferase activity of PRC2 on histone H3 lysine 27 is regulated by diverse cellular mechanisms, including posttranslational modification. Here, we report a unique phosphorylation-dependent mechanism stimulating PRC2 enzymatic activity. Residue S583 of SUZ12 is phosphorylated by casein kinase 2 (CK2) in cells. A crystal structure captures phosphorylation in action: the flexible phosphorylation-dependent stimulation loop harboring S583 becomes engaged with the catalytic SET domain through a phosphoserine-centered interaction network, stabilizing the enzyme active site and in particular S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM)-binding pocket. CK2-mediated S583 phosphorylation promotes catalysis by enhancing PRC2 binding to SAM and nucleosomal substrates and facilitates reporter gene repression. Loss of S583 phosphorylation impedes PRC2 recruitment and H3K27me3 deposition in pluripotent mESCs and compromises the ability of PRC2 to maintain differentiated cell identity.