bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Umedecimento do substrato na germinação de sementes de seis espécies ornamentais
Authors: Pirola Kelli , Dotto Marcelo , Cassol Darcieli Aparecida , Wagner Junior Américo , Conceição Paulo César , Mazaro Sérgio Miguel
Published: April 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of six wetting levels of the substrate on the germination of Centaurea sp., Petunia sp., Convolvulus sp., Dhalia sp., Adonis sp. and Chrysanthemum sp. ornamental species. Two experiments were carried out in the Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - Campus Dois Vizinhos. In the first experiment, the experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a factorial 6 x 6 (ornamental species x water volume), with four replications of 50 seeds. In the second experiment, the delineation differed by the absence of the use of Dhalia sp. Seeds. The first and second experiment had their substrates moistened uniformly with addition of distilled water at six different quantities, 0, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 mL per 100 g of Vermiculite® on the experiment 1 and 400 g of Mecplant® in experiment 2. The germination percentage and emergence rate index were evaluated after 14 and 21 days of sowing, in experiments 1 and 2, respectively. With the use of Vermiculite® it was recommended for Dhalia sp. and Chrysanthemum sp. all the water volumes tested; for Petunia sp. above 150 mL, for Convolvulus sp. 200 and 250 mL of water and for Centeaurea sp., 150 and 200 mL of water. The use of the substrate Mecplant® it was recommended for Chrysanthemum sp., Convolvulus sp., Centeaurea sp. and Petunia sp. In all of the volumes of water tested. For Adonis sp., regardless of the substrate used, other studies will be necessary, since that didn’t occurred germination, what can be related to some dormancy.
Metodologias para monitoramento nutricional de gérbera cultivada em substrato
Authors: Ludwig Fernanda , Fernandes Dirceu Maximino , Guerrero Amaralina Celoto , Villas Bôas Roberto Lyra
Published: April 2015

This study aimed to assess methodologies for the nutritional monitoring of gerbera cultivated on substrate. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse, in Botucatu (22°51’S and 48°26’W), São Paulo State, Brazil. Five substrate formulations were used and two gerbera cultivars, Red and Cherry, were transplanted to 1-liter pots. Electrical conductivity (EC) and pH of the substrate solution were determined at 1, 15, 29, 43 and 50 days after acclimation (DAA) by adopting the methodologies “pourthru”, dilution of 1:2 (substrate volume/water volume) and dilution of 1:5 (substrate mass /water volume). For the dilution methods, the substrate was removed from the pots, separated from the roots, homogenized and air dried before analysis. In each assessment, 40 pots were used. Linear correlations established among the methodologies were obtained according to the Pearson’s method. EC values of the substrate solution were higher when the method “pourthru” was used due to the lower sample dilution and the nature of the solution displacement in the container. Significant correlations validate the methods while for periodic monitoring, nutritional analysis and eventual correction can be more effectively done by adopting the method “pourthru” since the displacement of the substrate solution using the non-destructive method reduces the costs and accelerates the response.
A new mineral fertilizer for cacti and other succulents cultivated in restricted artificial environments
Authors: Rodrigues Luiz Erlon Araújo , Queires Luis Carlos Soares
Published: April 2015

The growing enthusiasm currently seen for the cultivation of ornamental plants has aroused interest in exotic plants, principally cacti and other succulents. Although they need little care when planted directly in the soil, they become vulnerable if growing in restricted environments that vary greatly from their natural habitats. In these cases, in addition to requiring more care with respect to illumination, watering and environmental temperature, it is also important to sprinkle them periodically with a mineral nutrient solution consisting of the macronutrients and micronutrients required for physiological growth and development. The excellent results obtained experimentally with the Schlumbergera truncata cactus, treated for 90 days with a mineral solution specifically prepared for this study and compared with the results obtained with the same species of plant watered with distilled or tap water, encourage us to propose this solution as a new mineral fertilizer for cacti and other succulents when cultivated in small, restricted spaces.
Medical Education in the Field of Communication as a Value and a Means of Health Quality Improvement
Authors: Goriup Jana , Kodrič Kleopatra
Published: April 2015

The article discusses the issues of communication between a doctor and a patient as one of the main approaches within the patients' medical treatment. This approach, which includes the field of communication in medicine as a value, more and more appears as obligatory not only in the field of profession itself, but also in the field of the patients’ needs. Communication covers a huge part of our social as well as intimate lives. Our social functioning is based on communication. The transfer and preserving of values is based on communication. Especially in the field of medicine, the function of communication appears to be one of the key elements to allow a better and complete treatment of the patient. The article discusses studies which have shown that communication skills have to be developed, it is advisable to introduce them into the educational programmes for med students and medical staff. Researches have shown that students, who were taught the field of communication skills, later as doctors or medical staff obtained a lot more information about patients than those who were not given such education.
Fostering Internationalisation in Higher Education by Virtual Mobility
Authors: Tereseviciene Margarita , Volungeviciene Airina , Dauksiene Estela
Published: April 2015

The concept of virtual mobility and its characteristics are presented. Most definitions which consider virtual mobility from the educational perspective describe it as a form of learning, research, communication, and collaboration, but also as a form of mobility, which can be a supplement or substitute for physical mobility. Based on the theoretical dispositions a study module “Learning in Higher Education” was created and delivered by an international, multiinstitutional group of teachers to an international, multi-institutional group of students. The virtual mobility case, research design, and data analysis, are presented. The results demonstrate the importance of virtual mobility in promoting international communication and developing communication skills with people from other countries, cultures as well as impact of internationalisation on higher educational institutions
Clinical relevance and contemporary methods for counting blood cells in body fluids suspected of inflammatory disease
Authors: Fleming Chérina , Russcher Henk , Lindemans Jan , de Jonge Robert
Published: April 2015

In many inflammatory diseases, the cellular components in body fluids [cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serous fluids] are increased, rendering essential diagnostic information. The diagnostic value of the total white blood cell count (WBC) and differential count has been evaluated extensively over the years, and a remarkable amount of knowledge has been gained; yet, there is a great deal of clinical uncertainty whether the diagnosis should be based solely on these variables. In some diseases, such as peritonitis, the total WBC and differential count has high sensitivity; whereas, in differentiating pleural effusions, it lacks the sensitivity required to be clinically useful. Nevertheless, many guidelines consider these tests as cornerstone parameters, and in combination with clinical variables, they can successfully guide clinical decision making in initiating or postponing a treatment course for infection and/or inflammatory diseases while awaiting culture results. Although other methods are available for detecting and differentiating WBCs in body fluids, manual microscopy is still considered the gold standard despite its many limitations. During the last decade, automated analyzers have become a popular method for first line screening. Continued progress in their design has led to major improvements including their speed, improved accuracy and lower variability compared with microscopy. Disadvantages of this method include high imprecision in low ranges (depending on the method) and interfering factors. In a time where automation is at the front line in clinical laboratories, it is essential the results obtained are precise, accurate and reproducible. This review provides an overview of the relevance for cell counting in a variety of diagnostic body fluids, and highlights the current technologies used.
Pragmatismus und Historismus
Authors: Joas Hans
Published: April 2015

This article explores the similarities between American pragmatism and (mostly German) historicism in the nineteenth century - similarities that were often ignored because of cultural differences between the U. S. and Germany and a different status of the natural sciences or the humanities in the two cultures. The main claim of this text is that American pragmatism developed ideas that allow us to overcome the dichotomy between objectivism and relativism in historiography. Joas identifies conceptual tools in the works of Josiah Royce, Mead, and Dewey that can account both for the intersubjective and the temporal nature of human experience and the processes of the formation of ideals. By bringing Ernst Troeltsch, the most sophisticated thinker from the historicist tradition, into the picture, Joas demonstrates that in the 1920s one could almost speak of the beginning of a process of convergence between Mead’s “temporalized pragmatism” and Troeltsch’s “existential historicism.” For contingent reasons this convergence never took place, but remains a challenge to which this paper responds.
Synthesis of quinazolines and quinazolinones via palladium-mediated approach
Authors: Abdou Ibrahim M. , Al-Neyadi Shaikha S.
Published: April 2015

Quinazoline derivatives have drawn attention in the field of heterocyclic chemistry because of their unique skeleton and interesting biological applications. This review summarizes the recent palladium-catalyzed reactions used to construct quinazoline and its related 4(3H)-quinazolinone analogues. The mechanisms of some Pd-catalyzed reactions are also discussed.
A population-based comparison between actual maternal weight gain and the Institute of Medicine weight gain recommendations in singleton pregnancies
Authors: Tul Natasa , Bregar Andreja Trojner , Steblovnik Lili , Verdenik Ivan , Lucovnik Miha , Blickstein Isaac
Published: April 2015

To compare the actual maternal weight gain to that recommended by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) in term singleton gestations.

We used data from the Slovenian National Perinatal Information System to select singleton pregnancies born at ≥38 weeks during the period from 2003 to 2012. We calculated the frequencies of mothers who gained less than, more than, and as recommended by the IOM according to their pregravid body mass index (BMI). We also compared the fetal size parameters in under- and over-gainer to those who gained weight as recommended by the IOM.

We selected 173,715 patients who delivered at ≥38 weeks. Of these patients, the recommended weight gain was achieved by 56,868 (32.7%, 95% CI 32.5, 32.9) only, 82,617 (47.6%, 95% CI 47.3, 47.8) were over-gainers, and 34,230 (19.7%, 95% CI 19.5, 19.8) gained less than recommended. Neither undergaining nor overgaining were always synonymous with adverse fetal outcomes.

Roughly two-thirds of singleton mothers did not gain weight during pregnancy according to the IOM recommendations. Inappropriate maternal weight gain, however, was not always associated with adverse fetal outcomes and this implies that a tailored approach rather than strict adherence to the IOM recommendations may be more practical.
Laboratory diagnostics of systemic autoimmune diseases – Update 2013
Authors: Härle Peter
Published: April 2015

This article discusses relevant and up-to-date issues for the clinical laboratory concerning arthritis activity and monitoring of rheumatoid arthritis, details for the new disease entity of IgG4-related diseases and Sjogren’s syndrome. The article puts the focus on the data of 2013.
Immunodeficiency and Immunomonitoring
Authors: Renz Harald
Published: April 2015

Immunological diagnostics is a rapidly developing area in laboratory medicine. Most recently, major developments in the area of immunodeficiency and the monitoring of chronic inflammatory diseases have been observed. Regarding immuno-monitoring, recently a consensus panel for basic flow cytometry has been published together with age-related reference values. In the USA, the search for severe inherited immunodeficiency diseases (such as severe combined immunodeficiency disease, SCID) is part of neonatal screening procedures. Recently, several US states published first results which are based on the measurement of T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs). Furthermore, age-dependent reference values for the measurement of IgG subclasses and subclass-specific vaccination antibodies have been published. Monitoring of chronic inflammatory disease focuses on asthma. A novel classification based on the cellular distribution of neutrophils versus eosinophils in induced sputum has been developed. Furthermore, novel biomarkers, such as periostin, are currently under evaluation. Such novel approaches of phenotyping are now the basis of individualized therapeutic approaches in patients with (severe) asthma, who respond to certain biologicals.
Ethical challenges of whole genome sequencing in translational research and answers by the EURAT-project
Authors: Winkler Eva C. , Schickhardt Christoph
Published: April 2015

The use of whole genome sequencing in translational research not only holds promise for finding new targeted therapies but also raises several ethical and legal questions. The four main ethical and legal challenges are as follows: (1) the handling of additional or incidental findings stemming from whole genome sequencing in research contexts; (2) the compatibility and balancing of data protection and research that is based on broad data sharing; (3) the responsibility of researchers, particularly of non-physician researchers, working in the field of genome sequencing; and (4) the process of informing and asking patients or research subjects for informed consent to the sequencing of their genome. In this paper, first, these four challenges are illustrated and, second, concrete solutions are proposed, as elaborated by the interdisciplinary Heidelberg EURAT project group, as guidelines for the use of genome sequencing in translation research and therapy in Heidelberg.
What’s the risk? Assessment of patients with stable chest pain
Authors: Cubukcu Arzu , Murray Ian , Anderson Simon
Published: April 2015

In 2010, the National Institute for Heath and Clinical Excellence published guidelines for the management of stable chest pain of recent onset. Implementation has occurred to various degrees throughout the NHS; however, its effectiveness has yet to be proved. A retrospective study was undertaken to assess the impact and relevance of this guideline, comparing the estimated risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) with angiographic outcomes. Findings were compared with the recently published equivalent European guideline. A total of 457 patients who attended a Rapid Access Chest Pain Clinic were retrospectively reviewed. CAD risk was assessed according to NICE guidelines and patients were separated into typical, atypical and non-anginal chest pain groups. Risk stratification using typicality of symptoms in conjunction with NICE risk scoring and exercise tolerance testing was used to determine the best clinical course for each patient. The results include non-anginal chest pain–92% discharged without needing further testing; atypical angina–15% discharged, 40% referred for stress echocardiography, 35% referred for angiogram and significant CAD revealed in 8%; typical angina–4% discharged, 19% referred for stress echocardiography, 71% referred for angiogram and 40% demonstrated CAD. Both guidelines appear to overestimate the risk of CAD leading to an excessive number of coronary angiograms being undertaken to investigate patients with typical or atypical sounding angina, with a low pick up rate of CAD. Given the high negative predictive value of stress echocardiography and the confidence this brings, there is much scope for expanding its use and potentially reduce the numbers going for invasive angiography.
Steroid regulation of early postnatal development in the corpus epididymidis of pigs
Authors: Katleba Kimberley D , Legacki Erin L , Conley Alan J , Berger Trish
Published: April 2015

Development of the epididymis including blood–epididymal barrier formation is not required until sperm reach the epididymis peripuberally. Regulation of this development in the early postnatal period is largely unknown. The current objectives were to evaluate potential roles of endogenous estrogen and androgen signaling during early development of the corpus epididymidis and to determine the timing of formation of the blood–epididymal barrier in the pig. Effects of endogenous steroids were evaluated using littermates treated with vehicle, an aromatase inhibitor (letrozole) to reduce endogenous estrogens, an estrogen receptor antagonist (fulvestrant) or an androgen receptor antagonist (flutamide). Phosphorylated histone 3 immunohistochemistry was used to identify proliferating epithelial cells. Lanthanum nitrate and electron microscopy were used to analyze formation of the blood barrier in the corpus epididymidis. Reducing endogenous estrogens increased the number of proliferating corpus epithelial cells at 6 and 6.5 weeks of age compared with vehicle-treated boars (P<0.01 andP<0.001 respectively). Blocking androgen receptors did not alter proliferation rate at 6.5 weeks of age. Although barrier formation was similar between 6 and 6.5 weeks of age in vehicle-treated animals, intercellular barriers increased in letrozole-treated littermates at 6.5 weeks of age. Fulvestrant treatment, which should mimic aromatase inhibition for regulation through ESR1 and ESR2 signaling but potentially stimulate endogenous estrogen signaling through the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), had the opposite effect on aromatase inhibition. These responses in conjunction with the presence of GPER in the corpus epididymidis suggest early corpus epididymal development is regulated partially by GPER.
Ultrasonic Technique on Fluid Saturation in Porous Media
Authors: Hao Chen  , Shenglai Yang  , Zhilin Wang  , Sanbo Lv  , Wei Hu  , Hao Lei  , Zhipeng Qiu
Published: April 2015

Phase behavior of hydrocarbon fluids is closely related to porous media. However, there are many limitations of current detection techniques. Therefore, it is very urgent to find a suitable method to solve this problem. In this paper, based on the brine and three natural cores from Jilin oilfield, the relations of the interval transit time and fluid saturation of these cores both in brine/air system and kerosene/air system were measured, and the difference of these relations during the process of displacement, imbibition and air drying were compared and analyzed. Results show that the ultrasonic technique is a potential method to invert fluid saturation in porous media.
Semi-Emperical Model to Determine Liquid Velocity and Pressure Loss of Two-Phase Flow in A Horizontal Bend–Part I (Stratified Flow)
Authors: Amir Alwazzan
Published: April 2015

The objectives of this study are to conduct a thorough literature review on the subject of multiphase flow through bends and to develop and evaluate a semi-empirical model to determine liquid velocity and pressure loss during stratified gas-liquid flow in a horizontal bend. The model is based on incorporating the momentum balance equations of both phases (air and water). Extensive experiments were carried out to acquire data using air and water in a 0.05 m diameter horizontal pipe simulator with an intermediate bend of 0.5 m radius of curvature.The results show that due to the disturbance nature of the two-phase flow in general, it is quite convenient to describe the pressure drop in terms of the energy loss. It was also found that stratified flow does not cause a significant change in the energy during the flow along the bend traverse due to its stable nature. The semi-empirical model developed for predicting the superficial water velocity during stratified flow shows an acceptable agreement with the experimental data.The work presented in this paper may help flow assurance, production, pipeline and process engineers to have reliable design and operations through counting for the losses caused by such components.
Comparison of chemical risk assessment methods in South Korea and the United Kingdom
Authors: Kim Min‐Uk , Shin Saemi , Byeon Sang‐Hoon
Published: April 2015

Comparison of chemical risk assessment methods in South Korea and the United Kingdom: Min‐Uk Kim, et al. Department of Health Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Republic of Korea

Objective

The objective of this study was to compare Control of Substances Hazard to Health (COSHH) Essentials (a chemical risk assessment method in the UK) with Chemical Hazard Risk Management (CHARM) (a chemical risk assessment method in South Korea). The differences between the two processes were explored with a particular focus on their features and distinctions.

Methods

The results obtained from applying COSHH Essentials and CHARM to 59 carcinogenic, mutagenic, and reprotoxic (CMR) substances were analyzed. The outcomes of the working environment assessments and the collated information about the usage of CMR chemicals were used for the analysis.

Results

Among the 59 substances tested, 56 substances were rated at a risk level lower than 2, when evaluated with CHARM. However, with COSHH, all 59 substances were rated at risk level 3 or higher. With COSHH Essentials, the highest hazard group of 4 was automatically assigned to category E substances, regardless of the exposure level assessment. However, for CHARM, the risk could be adjusted according to the exposure level assessment, even for hazard group of 4.

Conclusions

CHARM allocated lower risk levels to hazardous substances than COSHH Essentials. Ultimately, COSHH Essentials assesses exposure level through the physical properties and overall handling, and considers hazard with H‐statements and R‐phrases. COSHH Essentials was deemed more conservative than CHARM. CHARM may have underestimated the risk according to exposure level, even though the chemicals were highly hazardous. Therefore, CHARM can be used for the localized risk assessment of chemicals used in individual workplaces.
Social Networking Phenomenon and Its Use in Libraries / Fenomen društvenih mreža i njegova primjena u knjižnicama
Authors: Hebrang Grgić Ivana , Mučnjak Dorja
Published: April 2015

AbstractSocial media phenomenon has changed the way people communicate. Facebook has become the world’s most popular social networking site. It did not take long for libraries, as cultural and educational institutions, to recognize its importance and start using it for the promotion of their activities and improvement of their services. The purpose of this research is to determine the frequency and types of Croatian public libraries’ presence on Facebook. The paper analyses the nature of their presence, metric indicators, and activities on selected Facebook applications. The results are compared to previous studies conducted in Croatia and in the world. The conclusion brings a number of fundamental recommendations concerning the presence of public libraries on Facebook. Key words: Croatia; Facebook; public libraries; Social Networking Sites.---SažetakFenomen društvenih medija promijenio je način komunikacije pojedinaca, ali i ustanova. Facebook je postao najkorištenija svjetska društvena mreža, a knjižnice, kao kulturne i obrazovne ustanove,  ubrzo su prepoznale njegovu važnost i počele ga koristiti kako bi promicale svoje aktivnosti i unaprijedile poslovanje. Cilj je istraživanja utvrditi učestalost i načine na koje se hrvatske narodne knjižnice koriste Facebookom. Analizirane su vrsta prisutnosti, metrički pokazatelji i aktivnosti knjižnica na pojedinim aplikacijama. Rezultati su uspoređeni s prethodnim istraživanjima provedenim u Hrvatskoj i u svijetu. U zaključku se daje nekoliko temeljnih preporuka vezanih uz prisutnost narodnih knjižnica na Facebooku.Ključne riječi: društvene mreže; Facebook; Hrvatska; narodne knjižnice.
The Gestalt Intuition Model: Theory and Practice in Teaching / Gestalt intuicijski model: teorija i praksa u nastavi
Authors: Kërënxhi Svjetllana , Gjoci Pranvera
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis article presents the Gestalt Intuition Model, designed as a theoretical and practical model to improve the way of teaching of mathematics in elementary education. Gestalt Intuition Model includes dual treatments and is aimed at the formation of integrating perceptions and gestalt intuition in students. The model has a clear and logical basis. It is based on the instructions of math curricula for elementary education. It is in accordance with all the instructions and knowledge included in the school program. This model is simple and easy to implement in the examples found in math textbooks and could easily be implemented in teaching, following the rules of the teaching process. The model has become trustworthy, reliable, and accepted by experimenting teachers and continues to be applied in their teaching process. The model is easily grasped and comprehended by the students, thus generating new results in teaching. As a model that influences positive critical thinking, Gestalt Intuition Model increases the effectiveness of learning among students, offering teachers a new alternative to achieving effective teaching.Key words: dual treatment; elementary education; integrating perception; teaching method. ---SažetakU ovom je radu predstavljen Gestalt intuicijski model, osmišljen kao teorijski i praktični model za unapređenje nastave matematike u osnovnoškolskom obrazovanju. Gestalt intuicijski model uključuje dvojnu obradu i usmjeren je na formaciju integrativne percepcije i Gestalt intuicije kod učenika. Model ima jasan i logički temelj. Temelji se na nastavi matematičkog kurikula za osnovnoškolsko obrazovanje. U skladu je s izvođenjem nastave i znanjem u školskom programu. Može se jednostavno i lako primijeniti na primjerima koje nalazimo u matematičkim udžbenicima i u nastavi, slijedeći pravila nastavnog procesa. Navedeni model postao je pouzdan i vjerodostojan te je prihvaćen od nastavnika koji su bili uključeni u eksperiment, a koji su ga nastavili primjenjivati u vlastitom nastavnom procesu. Model je shvatljiv i razumljiv i učenicima, pa se može reći da ostvaruje neke nove rezultate u nastavi. Kao model koji pozitivno utječe na kritičko razmišljanje, Gestalt intuicijski model jača učinkovitost učenja kod učenika, a nastavnicima nudi novu alternativu za postizanje učinkovite nastave.Ključne riječi: dvojna obrada; integrativna percepcija; nastavna metoda osnovnoškolsko obrazovanje.
ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS FRACTIONS IN SOIL FERTILIZED WITH CATTLE MANURE
Authors: Braos Lucas Boscov , Cruz Mara Cristina Pessôa da , Ferreira Manoel Evaristo , Kuhnen Fernando
Published: April 2015

Inorganic phosphorus (Pi) usually controls the P availability in tropical soils, but the contribution of organic P (Po) should not be neglected, mainly in systems with low P input or management systems that promote organic matter accumulation. The aims of this study were to evaluate the changes in the Po fractions over time in soil fertilized and not fertilized with cattle manure and to correlate Po forms with available P extracted by anion exchange resin. The experiment was carried out under field conditions, in a sandy-clay loam Haplustox. The experimental design was a 2 × 9 randomized complete block factorial design, in which the first factor was manure application (20 t ha-1) or absence, and the second the soil sampling times (3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 49, 70, 91, and 112 days) after manure incorporation. Labile, moderately labile and non-labile Po fractions were determined in the soil material of each sampling. Manure fertilization increased the Po levels in the moderately labile and non-labile fractions and the total organic P, but did not affect the Po fraction proportions in relation to total organic P. On average, 5.1 % of total Po was in the labile, 44.4 % in the moderately labile and 50.5 % in the non-labile fractions. Available P (resin P) was more affected by the manure soluble Pi rather than by the labile Po forms. The labile and non-labile Po fractions varied randomly with no defined trend in relation to the samplings; for this reason, the data did not fit any mathematical model.
CHROMIUM IN SOIL ORGANIC MATTER AND COWPEA AFTER FOUR CONSECUTIVE ANNUAL APPLICATIONS OF COMPOSTED TANNERY SLUDGE
Authors: Oliveira Mara Lucia Jacinto , Araujo Ademir Sérgio Ferreira de , Melo Wanderley José de
Published: April 2015

Tannery sludge contains high concentrations of inorganic elements, such as chromium (Cr), which may lead to environmental pollution and affect human health The behavior of Cr in organic matter fractions and in the growth of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) was studied in a sandy soil after four consecutive annual applications of composted tannery sludge (CTS). Over a four-year period, CTS was applied on permanent plots (2 × 5 m) and incorporated in the soil (0-20 cm) at the rates of 0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 Mg ha-1 (dry weight basis). These treatments were replicated four times in a randomized block design. In the fourth year, cowpea was planted and grown for 50 days, at which time we analyzed the Cr concentrations in the soil, in the fulvic acid, humic acid, and humin fractions, and in the leaves, pods, and grains of cowpea. Composted tannery sludge led to an increase in Cr concentration in the soil. Among the humic substances, the highest Cr concentration was found in humin. The application rates of CTS significantly increased Cr concentration in leaves and grains.
EFFECTS OF SILICON ON ALLEVIATING ARSENIC TOXICITY IN MAIZE PLANTS
Authors: Silva Airon José da , Nascimento Clístenes Williams , Gouveia Neto Artur da Silva , Silva Junior Elias Arcanjo
Published: April 2015

Arsenic is a metalloid highly toxic to plants and animals, causing reduced plant growth and various health problems for humans and animals. Silicon, however, has excelled in alleviating stress caused by toxic elements in plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Si in alleviating As stress in maize plants grown in a nutrient solution and evaluate the potential of the spectral emission parameters and the red fluorescence (Fr) and far-red fluorescence (FFr) ratio obtained in analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence in determination of this interaction. An experiment was carried out in a nutrient solution containing a toxic rate of As (68 μmol L-1) and six increasing rates of Si (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mmol L-1). Dry matter production and concentrations of As, Si, and photosynthetic pigments were then evaluated. Chlorophyll fluorescence was also measured throughout plant growth. Si has positive effects in alleviating As stress in maize plants, evidenced by the increase in photosynthetic pigments. Silicon application resulted in higher As levels in plant tissue; therefore, using Si for soil phytoremediation may be a promising choice. Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis proved to be a sensitive tool, and it can be successfully used in the study of the ameliorating effects of Si in plant protection, with the Fr/FFr ratio as the variable recommended for identification of temporal changes in plants.
POTENCIAL DE INÓCULO MICORRÍZICO E IMPORTÂNCIA DO COMPRIMENTO DO MICÉLIO PARA A AGREGAÇÃO DE SOLOS DE AMBIENTE FLUVIAL
Authors: Rubin Joseane Gabriele Kryzozun Ribeiro , Stürmer Sidney Luiz
Published: April 2015

Os fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs) desempenham importante papel nos ecossistemas naturais pelo seus impactos na nutrição vegetal e estrutura do solo. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o potencial do inóculo micorrízico e a relação do comprimento do micélio micorrízico (CMM) dos FMAs na agregação de solos de ambientes fluviais. Foram realizadas coletas em áreas de ambiente fluvial da bacia hidrográfica do rio Itajaí-Açu, entre os municípios de Gaspar e Navegantes, em Santa Catarina. Oito áreas foram amostradas em três classes de solos, sendo elas: Cambissolo (C), Gleissolo (G) e Organossolo (O). Nos solos coletados, foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: potencial de inóculo micorrízico, número de esporos, CMM e análise dos atributos físicos e químicos do solo. A porcentagem de colonização micorrízica da Brachiaria brizantha no ensaio do potencial de inóculo variou de 13,8 a 55,3 % e nenhum padrão foi observado de acordo com a classe de solo. O CMM no solo variou de 10,48 a 44,67 mg g-1. O número de esporos em 100 cm3 de solo variou de 2,4 a 80. Foi observada correlação negativa entre o CMM e a proporção de macroagregados estáveis em água e correlação positiva entre CMM com microagregados. Este trabalho demonstrou que os solos da bacia do rio Itajaí-Açu possuem potencial de inóculo micorrízico suficiente para iniciar a colonização das raízes das plantas em curto período de tempo, o que pode ser importante facilitador no crescimento de espécies arbóreas usadas no processo de recuperação desses ambientes.
USE OF SCALED SEMIVARIOGRAMS IN THE PLANNING SAMPLE OF SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES IN SOUTHERN AMAZONAS, BRAZIL
Authors: Oliveira Ivanildo Amorim de , Campos Milton César Costa , Marques Junior José , Aquino Renato Eleotério de , Teixeira Daniel de Bortoli , Silva Douglas Marcelo Pinheiro da
Published: April 2015

The lack of information concerning the variability of soil properties has been a major concern of researchers in the Amazon region. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial variability of soil chemical properties and determine minimal sampling density to characterize the variability of these properties in five environments located in the south of the State of Amazonas, Brazil. The five environments were archaeological dark earth (ADE), forest, pasture land, agroforestry operation, and sugarcane crop. Regular 70 × 70 m mesh grids were set up in these areas, with 64 sample points spaced at 10 m distance. Soil samples were collected at the 0.0-0.1 m depth. The chemical properties of pH in water, OM, P, K, Ca, Mg, H+Al, SB, CEC, and V were determined at these points. Data were analyzed by descriptive and geostatistical analyses. A large part of the data analyzed showed spatial dependence. Chemical properties were best fitted to the spherical model in almost all the environments evaluated, except for the sugarcane field with a better fit to the exponential model. ADE and sugarcane areas had greater heterogeneity of soil chemical properties, showing a greater range and higher sampling density; however, forest and agroforestry areas had less variability of chemical properties.
SPATIAL CORRELATION BETWEEN PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL AND WEEDS IN TWO MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Authors: Schaffrath Valter Roberto , Gonçalves Antônio Carlos Andrade , Sousa António Jorge , Tormena Cássio Antonio
Published: April 2015

The spatial correlation between soil properties and weeds is relevant in agronomic and environmental terms. The analysis of this correlation is crucial for the interpretation of its meaning, for influencing factors such as dispersal mechanisms, seed production and survival, and the range of influence of soil management techniques. This study aimed to evaluate the spatial correlation between the physical properties of soil and weeds in no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) systems. The following physical properties of soil and weeds were analyzed: soil bulk density, macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity, aeration capacity of soil matrix, soil water content at field capacity, weed shoot biomass, weed density, Commelina benghalensis density, and Bidens pilosa density. Generally, the ranges of the spatial correlations were higher in NT than in CT. The cross-variograms showed that many variables have a structure of combined spatial variation and can therefore be mapped from one another by co-kriging. This combined variation also allows inferences about the physical and biological meanings of the study variables. Results also showed that soil management systems influence the spatial dependence structure significantly.
EFFECT OF ALTERNATIVE MULTINUTRIENT SOURCES ON SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Martins Vanessa , Silva Douglas Ramos Guelfi , Marchi Giuliano , Leite Maurício Cunha Almeida , Martins Éder de Souza , Gonçalves Ana Stella Freire , Guilherme Luiz Roberto Guimarães
Published: April 2015

The current high price of potassium chloride and the dependence of Brazil on imported materials to supply the domestic demand call for studies evaluating the efficiency of alternative sources of nutrients. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of silicate rock powder and a manganese mining by-product, and secondary materials originated from these two materials, on soil chemical properties and on brachiaria production. This greenhouse experiment was conducted in pots with 5 kg of soil (Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico - Oxisol). The alternative nutrient sources were: verdete, verdete treated with NH4OH, phonolite, ultramafic rock, mining waste and the proportion of 75 % of these K fertilizers and 25 % lime. Mixtures containing 25 % of lime were heated at 800 ºC for 1 h. These sources were applied at rates of 0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 kg ha-1 K2O, and incubated for 45 days. The mixtures of heated silicate rocks with lime promoted higher increases in soil pH in decreasing order: ultramafic rock>verdete>phonolite>mining waste. Applying the mining waste-lime mixture increased soil exchangeable K, and available P when ultramafic rock was incorporated. When ultramafic rock was applied, the release of Ca2+ increased significantly. Mining subproduct released the highest amount of Zn2+ and Mn2+ to the soil. The application of alternative sources of K, with variable chemical composition, altered the nutrient availability and soil chemical properties, improving mainly plant development and K plant uptake, and are important nutrient sources.
Um modelo de simulação para gestão da capacidade dos aeroportos brasileiros
Authors: Marcos Antonio Rodolfo Araujo , Ferreira Luciano
Published: April 2015

A importância do setor aéreo para o desenvolvimento de um país e o crescimento da demanda aérea brasileira implica na necessidade de uma gestão eficiente dos aeroportos, buscando o equilíbrio entre a capacidade e a demanda aérea. Diante disso, este artigo apresenta um modelo em Dinâmica de Sistemas capaz de auxiliar a gestão aeroportuária brasileira em relação ao dimensionamento dos subsistemas de um aeroporto (Terminal de Passageiros, Pistas e Pátio). O modelo utiliza dados sobre demanda aérea de passageiros, número médio de passageiros por voo, demanda hora-pico, nível de serviço do terminal de passageiros e tempo médio de estacionamento das aeronaves para analisar a situação de treze aeroportos brasileiros. Por fim, através da comparação da capacidade ideal produzida pelo modelo de simulação com a capacidade real instalada, o artigo classifica a situação de cada um dos subsistemas dos aeroportos estudados em adequada, crítica e preocupante. Entre os principais resultados obtidos pode-se destacar que: a Pista é o subsistema que apresenta melhores condições, enquanto que o terminal de passageiros é o subsistema em pior condição; os investimentos e aumento da capacidade são insuficientes para atender uma demanda de crescimento de 5% ao ano na hora-pico.
INCUBADORAS COMO VETORES PARA A PROMOÇÃO DE TECNOLOGIAS LIMPAS EM EMPREENDIMENTOS DE PEQUENO PORTE: POSSIBILIDADES E LIMITES
Authors: FONSECA SERGIO AZEVEDO
Published: April 2015

O artigo relata os resultados de um estudo que buscou refletir, com base em experiências reais, sobre oportunidades e desafios, possibilidades e limites, para a inserção de empreendimentos de pequeno porte – novos empreendimentos e micro e pequenas empresas – na lógica produtiva que passou a ser conhecida, sobretudo a partir da Conferência Rio 92, como economia verde. A busca pelas tecnologias limpas passou a ser o grande desafio e, ao mesmo tempo, grande oportunidade de negócios. As possibilidades se abriram para empresas de grande porte, capazes de mobilizar os recursos necessários a essa transição. Os limites se tornaram evidentes para as empresas de pequeno porte. Desnudam-se as evidências quanto à necessidade da mobilização de instrumentos, sobretudo de políticas públicas, capazes de oferecer suporte aos empreendimentos de pequeno porte para que possam superar seus limites. O foco do estudo foi precisamente neste ponto: na experiência de duas incubadoras, uma norte-americana e outra brasileira, especializadas no apoio a pequenos empreendimentos orientados a mercados de tecnologias limpas. Qualitativa no método e com propósito exploratório, a pesquisa foi delineada como estudo de casos múltiplos (apoiada em dois casos), tendo a pesquisa documental como estratégia de coleta de dados. Referenciada na literatura de gestão ambiental (com maior ênfase em pequenas empresas de tecnologias limpas) e de incubadoras de empresas (com maior ênfase na tipologia de incubadoras), a pesquisa revelou um grande distanciamento entre as realidades dos dois países, seja nos números de incubadoras inseridas no campo das tecnologias limpas, seja na mobilização de atores institucionais que atuam no apoio a essas incubadoras. Com base nos dois casos estudados, identificaram-se uma única afinidade estratégica e um conjunto de elementos dicotômicos, tanto no plano estratégico quanto no plano da gestão. Como base nessas constatações, são apontados, ao final, indicativos para que o movimento brasileiro de incubadoras de empresas venha a incorporar os componentes ambientais em suas estratégias e em seus sistemas de gestão.
Generic versus branded enoxaparin in prophylaxis and treatment of vein thrombosis
Authors: Casella Ivan Benaduce , Puech-Leão Pedro
Published: April 2015

Objectives: to compare the biological efficacy of generic enoxaparin (HeptronTM) versus branded Sanofi-Aventis enoxaparin for prophylaxis and treatment of lower-extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in a prospective, randomized, open-label study. Methods: patients with diagnosed lower-extremity DVT (therapeutic branch, n=57) and patients requiring venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis after arterial vascular surgery or major lower-extremity amputations (prophylactic branch, n=57) were randomized to receive generic or branded enoxaparin for up to seven days. Enoxaparin activity was measured by estimating blood anti-factor Xa levels at the peak plasma concentration. As secondary outcomes, development or progression of VTE events, major adverse events and major bleeding events were considered for efficacy and safety comparisons. Results: DVT therapy: twenty-five patients received generic enoxaparin while 32 received branded enoxaparin (subcutaneous, 1 mg/kg BID). Mean percentages of anti-factor Xa levels within the target ranges were 62 ± 35.4% and 67.5 ± 24.7%, respectively (p= .035 for non-inferiority). No patient presented DVT progression, clinically detectable pulmonary embolism, or major bleeding events in any subgroup. DVT prophylaxis: Thirty patients received generic enoxaparin and 27 received branded enoxaparin (subcutaneous, 40 mg/day). Mean percentages of anti-factor Xa levels within the target ranges were 77.9 ± 30.9% and 77.8 ± 32.9%, respectively (p = .009 for non-inferiority). There were no cases of VTE or major bleeding events in any subgroup. Conclusion: generic and branded enoxaparins exhibited similar in vivo responses as measured by the anti-factor Xa activity, as well as similar clinical efficacy and safety outcomes.
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in the treatment of renal and ureteral stones
Authors: Torricelli Fábio César Miranda , Danilovic Alexandre , Vicentini Fábio Carvalho , Marchini Giovanni Scala , Srougi Miguel , Mazzucchi Eduardo
Published: April 2015

The use of certain technical principles and the selection of favorable cases can optimize the results of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). The aim of this study is to review how ESWL works, its indications and contraindications, predictive factors for success, and its complications. A search was conducted on the Pubmed® database between January 1984 and October 2013 using "shock wave lithotripsy" and "stone" as key-words. Only articles with a high level of evidence, in English, and conducted in humans, such as clinical trials or review/meta-analysis, were included. To optimize the search for the ESWL results, several technical factors including type of lithotripsy device, energy and frequency of pulses, coupling of the patient to the lithotriptor, location of the calculus, and type of anesthesia should be taken into consideration. Other factors related to the patient, stone size and density, skin to stone distance, anatomy of the excretory path, and kidney anomalies are also important. Antibiotic prophylaxis is not necessary, and routine double J stent placement before the procedure is not routinely recommended. Alpha-blockers, particularly tamsulosin, are useful for stones >10mm. Minor complications may occur following ESWL, which generally respond well to clinical interventions. The relationship between ESWL and hypertension/diabetes is not well established.
A psicologia histórico-cultural em diálogo: a trajetória de pesquisa do GEPSA
Authors: Gomes Maria de Fátima Cardoso , Neves Vanessa Ferraz Almeida , Dominici Isabela Costa
Published: April 2015

Neste texto apresentamos o Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Psicologia Histórico-cultural na Sala de Aula (GEPSA), que tem como objetivos desenvolver ensino, pesquisa e extensão sobre linguagem, discurso, cognição social, cultura e inclusão na sala de aula. Em busca de uma abordagem teórico-metodológica coerente com os pressupostos da psicologia histórico-cultural, estabelecemos um diálogo com a etnografia interacional. Apresentamos aqui uma investigação conduzida em uma turma com crianças de cinco anos de idade de uma Unidade Municipal de Educação Infantil de Belo Horizonte, Brasil. O evento de letramento que analisamos foi denominado “O que tem no meio do mar, do céu, do rio e do sol”. A análise desse evento nos possibilitou evidenciar como as crianças trazem para a escola o que sabem das palavras, quantas coisas conhecem sobre esses conceitos, porém pela mediação da escola podem constituir novas identidades, novos conhecimentos de si e do mundo.
O sujeito nos textos de Vigotski e do Círculo de Bakhtin: implicações para a prática da pesquisa em educação
Authors: Freitas Maria Teresa de Assunção , Bernardes Alessandra Sexto , Pereira Ana Paula Marques Sampaio , Pereira Maria Leopoldina
Published: April 2015

Neste artigo a concepção de sujeito nas obras de Vigotski e Bakhtin e seu Círculo é revisitada em um diálogo com as produções do Grupo de Pesquisa LIC – Linguagem, Interação e Conhecimento da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, em seus 19 anos de trajetória no campo da pesquisa em educação. Considerando o outro como peça indispensável de todo o processo dialógico que permeia as teorias de Vigotski e Bakhtin, delineia-se brevemente o cerne do fazer metodológico do grupo de pesquisa LIC que, ancorado no materialismo histórico e dialético, compreende o(s) sujeito(s) da pesquisa como participantes responsivos, ativos, dialógicos. Sem a pretensão de formatar uma concepção de sujeito segundo os teóricos russos, são enfocadas as condições de possibilidades que permitem pensar a produção de sentidos nos aspectos interconstitutivos de suas múltiplas dimensões: singular e coletiva, subjetiva e objetiva, biológica e cultural, histórica e dialética.