bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of core entrustable professional activities for abdominal radiology
Authors: Paisant Anita , Skehan Stephen , Colombié Mathilde , David Arthur , Aubé Christophe
Published: August 2023

Objectives

To develop and validate European entrustable professional activities (EPAs) for sub-specialised hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal (HB/GI) diagnostic imaging.

Materials and methods

Both European Society of Radiology and national curricula in HB/GI diagnostic radiology were thoroughly reviewed, resulting in preliminary EPAs drafted by a pilot group of expert radiologists in 2 different countries. Each EPA was fully described with 7 components (Specification/limitations; Potential risks of failing; Relevant domains of competence; Required experience, knowledge, skills, attitude and behaviour; Assessment information sources to assess progress and ground a summative entrustment decision; Entrustment for which level of supervision is to be reached; and Expiration date). The modified Delphi method with 3 Delphi rounds was chosen for validation. Content validity index (CVI) and median values were used for validation.

Results

There were 15 preliminary EPAs, some of them divided according to 2 levels: resident and fellow level. The 37 members of the Delphi group were based in 2 different European countries with a background experience of 10 represented countries. Subsequent to the first Delphi round, 6 EPAs were accepted (CVI ≥ 0.8, median ≥ 4), 6 needed major revisions (CVI 0.7–0.79, median ≥ 4), 3 were rejected (CVI < 0.7) and 1 was added. After the second Delphi round, both the 6 revised EPAs and the additional one met the validation criteria (CVI ≥ 0.8, median ≥ 4). Finally, 13 EPAs were validated during the 3rd Delphi round with an agreement percentage of 95–100%.

Conclusion

This study creates and validates EPAs for sub-specialised HB/GI diagnostic imaging.

Critical relevance statement

Thirteen EPAs for sub-specialised hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal diagnostic imaging were created with a strong methodology, and as a first example set in sub-specialised diagnostic imaging, they provide a template for others to be created.

Key points

• The competence-based teaching in medical studies has recently been reintroduced through EPAs.

• Thirteen EPAs have been developed for hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal sub-specialised diagnostic imaging.

• These EPAs were validated using a Delphi modified method and provide a template for other to be created.

Graphical abstract
Nonuniform sampling and reconstruction of Diracs signal associated with linear canonical transform and its application
Authors: Xu Liyun , Li Wei
Published: August 2023

Sampling and reconstruction play a critical role in signal processing. The non-ideal sampling conditions motivate the development of the sampling theory. In this paper, associated with multiple non-ideal conditions, we discuss the nonuniform sampling and reconstruction of nonbandlimited signal in the linear canonical transform (LCT) domain with finite samples. The Diracs signal is nonbandlimited in the LCT domain but has the finite rate of innovation property. The sampling of the Diracs signal in the LCT domain is analyzed firstly. Secondly, the reconstruction of the signal with finite nonuniform samples is discussed, including two cases where the nonuniform sampling instants are known or unknown. Finally, the numerical experiment verifies the effect of the reconstruction algorithm, and the potential applications and generalized analysis indicate the value of the research.
Intrusion detection in cloud computing based on time series anomalies utilizing machine learning
Authors: Al-Ghuwairi Abdel-Rahman , Sharrab Yousef , Al-Fraihat Dimah , AlElaimat Majed , Alsarhan Ayoub , Algarni Abdulmohsen
Published: August 2023

The growth of cloud computing is hindered by concerns about privacy and security. Despite the widespread use of network intrusion detection systems (NIDS), the issue of false positives remains prevalent. Furthermore, few studies have approached the intrusion detection problem as a time series issue, requiring time series modeling. In this study, we propose a novel technique for the early detection of intrusions in cloud computing using time series data. Our approach involves a method for Feature Selection (FS) and a prediction model based on the Facebook Prophet model to assess its efficiency. The FS method we propose is a collaborative feature selection model that integrates time series analysis techniques with anomaly detection, stationary, and causality tests. This approach specifically addresses the challenge of misleading connections between time series anomalies and attacks. Our results demonstrate a significant reduction in predictors employed in our prediction model, from 70 to 10 predictors, while improving performance metrics such as Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Squared Error (MSE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Median Absolute Percentage Error (MdAPE), and Dynamic Time Warping (DTW). Furthermore, our approach has resulted in reduced training, prediction, and cross-validation times of approximately 85%, 15%, and 97%, respectively. Although memory consumption remains similar, the utilization time has been significantly reduced, resulting in substantial resource usage reduction. Overall, our study presents a comprehensive methodology for effective early detection of intrusions in cloud computing based on time series anomalies, employing a collaborative feature selection model and the Facebook Prophet prediction model. Our findings highlight the efficiency and performance improvements achieved through our approach, contributing to the advancement of intrusion detection techniques in the context of cloud computing security.
Association between intimate partner violence and nutritional status among Indian women: a latent class analysis approach
Authors: Bhandari Pravat , Prusty Ranjan Kumar , Begum Shahina
Published: August 2023

Background

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an unabating public health issue that has numerous negative repercussions for women’s health. Its detrimental impact on women’s nutritional outcomes has been documented in a few studies from low- and middle-income countries; however, there is a lack of granular understanding in terms of the typology of IPV experiences and their association with nutritional outcomes. This study explores the distinct classes of IPV experience among women in India and examines how these classes are associated with their nutritional outcomes.

Methods

Using data of 60,622 ever-married women aged 15–49 years from the 2019-21 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), latent class analysis (LCA) was performed to identify distinct groups of women based on their IPV experiences. BMI was used to assess women’s nutritional status, and it was classified as: <18.5 kg/m2 (underweight), 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 (normal) and ≥ 25.0 kg/m2 (overweight). Further, multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the odds of being underweight or overweight by latent classes of IPV experiences.

Results

LCA model identified four distinct IPV experience groups of women: Low Physical and Low Sexual IPV (LPLS-IPV) class (72%); High Physical and Low Sexual IPV (HPLS-IPV) (12.5%); High Sexual and Low Physical IPV (HSLP-IPV) (12%); and High Physical and High Sexual (HPHS-IPV) class (3.5%). The likelihood of being underweight was higher among women in the HPHS-IPV class (aOR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.08–1.44), followed by those in the HPLS-IPV class (aOR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.04–1.20).

Conclusion

The latent class groups found that high physical IPV experiences were associated with women’s nutritional outcomes. The experiences of women having both high physical and sexual violence affect women’s nutritional outcomes to a greater extent and they are more likely to be undernourished.
Development of a transdiagnostic digital interactive application for eating disorders: psychometric properties, satisfaction, and perceptions on implementation in clinical practice
Authors: Booij Linda , Israël Mimi , Ferrari Manuela , St-Hilaire Annie , Paquin-Hodge Chloé , Allard Melissa , Blaquière Amélie , Dornik Julia , Freiwald Shiri , Long Shawna A. , Monarque Marika , Pelletier William D. , Thaler Lea , Yaffe Miriam , Steiger Howard
Published: August 2023

Background

Given limited availability of informed treatments for people affected by eating disorders (EDs), there has been increasing interest in developing self-administered, technology-based ED interventions. However, many available interventions are limited to a specific ED diagnosis or assume that participants are ready to change. We developed a digital self-help application (called ASTrA) that was explicitly designed to betransdiagnosticand to help increase motivation for change. The aim of the present study was to describe the development and examine the psychometric properties, user satisfaction and rated potentials for practical use of our application.

Methods

The content of our application was based on concepts derived from self-determination theory, the transtheoretical model of change, and cognitive theory. The application was developed by a multidisciplinary team of clinicians, researchers, staff members and individuals with lived ED experience, each being involved in all steps of the application’s development. We tested validity, reliability, satisfaction and perceived feasibility for clinical implementation in an independent sample of 15 patients with an ED and 13 clinicians specialized in ED treatment. Psychometric properties were evaluated using descriptive statistics, correlations, content validity indices and intraclass coefficients. Differences in satisfaction ratings and perceived potential for clinical implementation of the application between clinicians and patients were examined using Mann–Whitney U tests.

Results

The digital application showed excellent validity (mean i-CVI: .93, range: .86–.96) and internal reliability (all Cronbach alpha’s > .88). Patients and clinicians both considered the application acceptable, appropriate, and feasible for use in clinical practice.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that our transdiagnostic interactive application has excellent psychometric properties. Furthermore, patients and clinicians alike were positive about the possible use of the application in clinical practice. The next step will be to investigate the application's effectiveness as an intervention to promote autonomous motivation and to facilitate remission in people on the waitlist for specialized ED treatment.
Health decline in prison and the effects of sporting activity: results of the Hessian prison sports study
Authors: Mutz Michael , Müller Johannes
Published: August 2023

Background

Previous studies about health in prisons conclude that incarceration has detrimental consequences for physical and mental health. It is associated with weight gain, decreased fitness, increased cardiovascular risks, and increased risks for mental illnesses, like depression and anxiety. This article examines the relationships between sports activity and health developments among prisoners. We analyze data from the Hessian Prison Sports Study, conducted in 12 prisons of the federal state of Hesse, Germany.

Results

Based on quantitative survey data of 568 prisoners in regular custody, our empirical findings show that inmates perceive substantial health declines since incarceration. They report substantial decreases in general health (d=-0.52) and life satisfaction (d=-0.84) as well as an increased number of health problems (d = 0.71). However, sport has a potential to buffer this decline of health. Prisoners engaged in sports report a less negative development of their health compared to inactive prisoners. The greater the amount of time spent with sports activities, the better are the health trajectories found.

Conclusion

Findings add to the public health and prison sport literature by demonstrating health benefits of sporting activities in a vulnerable population group that almost inevitably is exposed to manifold strains and burdens.
The impact of social connectedness on mental health in LGBTQ + identifying individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany
Authors: Firk Christine , Großheinrich Nicola , Scherbaum Norbert , Deimel Daniel
Published: August 2023

Background

Recent studies report that LGBTQ + people have experienced high levels of mental health problems during COVID-19-related social distancing. Given the well-established association between social isolation and mental health, the main aim of the current study was to investigate differences in mental health and (perceived) social isolation and social support in LGBTQ + individuals compared to heterosexual, cisgender people and to explore whether the hypothesized higher mental health burden in LGBTQ + individuals is (partly) mediated by (perceived) social isolation or social support.

Methods

N = 531 participants indicating belonging to the LGBTQ + community and N = 1826 not identifying as LGBTQ + participated in a cross-sectional online survey during the initial COVID-19-related lockdown in Germany. Standardized questionnaires were used to assess depression, anxiety, suicidality, loneliness and social support. Further, perceived social isolation and face-to-face communication during the lockdown were assessed.

Results

LGBTQ + people had higher levels of depression, anxiety and suicidal thought, were lonelier and experienced less social support than non-LGBTQ + identifying individuals. Mediation analysis showed that the higher levels of mental health burden in LGBTQ + people were (partly) mediated by reduced social connectedness. Further face-to-face contact positively affected mental health by reducing feelings of loneliness.

Conclusion

Given the high impact of loneliness on mental health, governmental actions should be taken to promote social connectedness particularly among LGBTQ + identifying individuals to ensure that the COVID-19 pandemic does not exacerbate the health inequalities that already exist between LGBTQ+-identifying and heterosexual, cisgender people.
‘Pawing’ uncertainty! how dogs attenuate the impact of daily hassles at work on uncertainty
Authors: Junça-Silva Ana
Published: August 2023

Purpose

This study relied on the integrative model of uncertainty tolerance to delineate an argument proposing that daily hassles trigger uncertainty, and this influences adaptive performance. Furthermore, relying on the “furr-recovery method” –where interactions with dogs allow dog owners to recover from negative situations or job demands - this study tested whether having a dog would moderate the relationship between daily hassles and uncertainty.

Methodology

To test this proposed model, daily data during ten working days was gathered with a sample of white-collar workers who were teleworking (N = 233 × 10 = 2,330).

Findings

Multilevel results showed that daily hassles influenced adaptive performance via perceived uncertainty. However, the relationship between daily hassles and uncertainty was conditional on the ownership of a dog, in such a way that the relationship became weaker for those who had dogs. That is, those who did not have dogs had increased levels of uncertainty after daily hassles when compared to those who had dogs.

Practical implications

Managers may consider the adoption of pet-friendly work practices (for instance, telework – working from home allow employees to work nearby and interact with their dogs during worktime) as dogs appear to have a beneficial effect to help employees effectively cope with daily hassles and reduce their uncertain reactions.

Originality

This study advances knowledge regarding the pawing-effect (the reduced uncertainty to daily hassles on dog owners) on employees’ uncertainty to daily hassles and opens new venues for research regarding their role in work-related outcomes. Further, future research could examine how human-dog interactions or the quality of their relationship may benefit owners and explore the benefits of bringing dogs to work periodically.
Self-organized insulin-producing β-cells differentiated from human omentum-derived stem cells and their in vivo therapeutic potential
Authors: Jeong Ji Hoon , Park Ki Nam , Kim Joo Hyun , Noh KyungMu , Hur Sung Sik , Kim Yunhye , Hong Moonju , Chung Jun Chul , Park Jae Hong , Lee Jongsoon , Son Young-Ik , Lee Ju Hun , Kim Sang-Heon , Hwang Yongsung
Published: August 2023

Background

Human omentum-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hO-MSCs) possess great potential to differentiate into multiple lineages and have self-renewal capacity, allowing them to be utilized as patient-specific cell-based therapeutics. Although the use of various stem cell-derived β-cells has been proposed as a novel approach for treating diabetes mellitus, developing an efficient method to establish highly functional β-cells remains challenging.

Methods

We aimed to develop a novel cell culture platform that utilizes a fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2)-immobilized matrix to regulate the adhesion and differentiation of hO-MSCs into insulin-producing β-cells via cell–matrix/cell–cell interactions. In our study, we evaluated the in vitro differentiation potential of hO-MSCs cultured on an FGF2-immobilized matrix and a round-bottom plate (RBP). Further, the in vivo therapeutic efficacy of the β-cells transplanted into kidney capsules was evaluated using animal models with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes.

Results

Our findings demonstrated that cells cultured on an FGF2-immobilized matrix could self-organize into insulin-producing β-cell progenitors, as evident from the upregulation of pancreatic β-cell-specific markers (PDX-1, Insulin, and Glut-2). Moreover, we observed significant upregulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan, gap junction proteins (Cx36 and Cx43), and cell adhesion molecules (E-cadherin and Ncam1) in cells cultured on the FGF2-immobilized matrix. In addition, in vivo transplantation of differentiated β-cells into animal models of STZ-induced diabetes revealed their survival and engraftment as well as glucose-sensitive production of insulin within the host microenvironment, at over 4 weeks after transplantation.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the FGF2-immobilized matrix can support initial cell adhesion, maturation, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion within the host microenvironment. Such a cell culture platform can offer novel strategies to obtain functional pancreatic β-cells from patient-specific cell sources, ultimately enabling better treatment for diabetes mellitus.

Graphical Abstract
Addressing inter-device variations in optical coherence tomography angiography: will image-to-image translation systems help?
Authors: Nouri Hosein , Nasri Reza , Abtahi Seyed-Hossein
Published: August 2023

Background

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is an innovative technology providing visual and quantitative data on retinal microvasculature in a non-invasive manner.

Main body

Due to variations in the technical specifications of different OCTA devices, there are significant inter-device differences in OCTA data, which can limit their comparability and generalizability. These variations can also result in a domain shift problem that may interfere with applicability of machine learning models on data obtained from different OCTA machines. One possible approach to address this issue may be unsupervised deep image-to-image translation leveraging systems such as Cycle-Consistent Generative Adversarial Networks (Cycle-GANs) and Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DDPMs). Through training on unpaired images from different device domains, Cycle-GANs and DDPMs may enable cross-domain translation of images. They have been successfully applied in various medical imaging tasks, including segmentation, denoising, and cross-modality image-to-image translation. In this commentary, we briefly describe how Cycle-GANs and DDPMs operate, and review the recent experiments with these models on medical and ocular imaging data. We then discuss the benefits of applying such techniques for inter-device translation of OCTA data and the potential challenges ahead.

Conclusion

Retinal imaging technologies and deep learning-based domain adaptation techniques are rapidly evolving. We suggest exploring the potential of image-to-image translation methods in improving the comparability of OCTA data from different centers or devices. This may facilitate more efficient analysis of heterogeneous data and broader applicability of machine learning models trained on limited datasets in this field.
Healthcare predictive analytics using machine learning and deep learning techniques: a survey
Authors: Badawy Mohammed , Ramadan Nagy , Hefny Hesham Ahmed
Published: August 2023

Healthcare prediction has been a significant factor in saving lives in recent years. In the domain of health care, there is a rapid development of intelligent systems for analyzing complicated data relationships and transforming them into real information for use in the prediction process. Consequently, artificial intelligence is rapidly transforming the healthcare industry, and thus comes the role of systems depending on machine learning and deep learning in the creation of steps that diagnose and predict diseases, whether from clinical data or based on images, that provide tremendous clinical support by simulating human perception and can even diagnose diseases that are difficult to detect by human intelligence. Predictive analytics for healthcare a critical imperative in the healthcare industry. It can significantly affect the accuracy of disease prediction, which may lead to saving patients' lives in the case of accurate and timely prediction; on the contrary, in the case of an incorrect prediction, it may endanger patients' lives. Therefore, diseases must be accurately predicted and estimated. Hence, reliable and efficient methods for healthcare predictive analysis are essential. Therefore, this paper aims to present a comprehensive survey of existing machine learning and deep learning approaches utilized in healthcare prediction and identify the inherent obstacles to applying these approaches in the healthcare domain.
Tubular colonic duplication: a case report and brief review of the literature
Authors: Keilani Rasem , Al Taher Raed , Bader Ghayda‘ , Hajeer Leen , Bader Taima , Alfreijat Balqis
Published: August 2023

Background

The occurrence of complete tubular colonic duplication is exceedingly rare. In most cases, resection of the duplicated colon may not be possible because of common blood supply with a single mesentery shared between the duplication and associated original bowel (Karkera et al., Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 18:197-201, 2015).

Case presentation

In this paper, we present a case of a 9-month-old girl who was noticed to pass stools through her vagina since birth despite normal anus in place, in association with constipation and pain on defecation. On local examination, a vestibular fistula was found. Further management including fistulogram, barium enema, and laparoscopy were performed. She was found to have tubular T-shaped colonic duplication with separate lumens from the mid-transverse colon downwards. Due to a shared fused wall, a decision was made to create a side-to-side (window) anastomosis at descending colon level using GIA staplers and end-to-side anastomosis at a sigmoid level between duplicated and normal colons with (mucosectomy) of duplicated colon down to the perineum.

Conclusions

Tubular colonic duplication should be kept in mind in patients presenting with vestibular fistula and fecal soiling in the presence of a normal anus. Minimal-invasive procedures are a safe and good alternative.
The impact of family interventions on communication in the context of anxiety and depression in those aged 14–24 years: systematic review of randomised control trials
Authors: Lloyd Alex , Broadbent Amy , Brooks Edmund , Bulsara Karen , Donoghue Kim , Saijaf Rouhma , Sampson Katie N. , Thomson Abigail , Fearon Pasco , Lawrence Peter J.
Published: August 2023

Background

The ability to communicate is integral to all human relationships. Previous research has specifically highlighted communication within families as both a risk and protective factor for anxiety disorders and/or depression. Yet, there is limited understanding about whether communication is amenable to intervention in the context of adolescent psychopathology, and whether doing so improves outcomes.

Aims

The aim of this systematic review was to determine in which contexts and for whom does addressing communication in families appear to work, not work and why?

Method

We pre-registered our systematic review with PROSPERO (identifier CRD42022298719), followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidance and assessed study quality with the Risk of Bias 2 tool.

Results

Seven randomised controlled trials were identified from a systematic search of the literature. There was significant heterogeneity in the features of communication that were measured across these studies. There were mixed findings regarding whether family-focused interventions led to improvements in communication. Although there was limited evidence that family-focused interventions led to improvements in communication relative to interventions without a family-focused component, we discuss these findings in the context of the significant limitations in the studies reviewed.

Conclusions

We conclude that further research is required to assess the efficacy of family-focused interventions for improving communication in the context of anxiety and depression in those aged 14–24 years.
Sponsor Perspectives on the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Interventional Cancer Clinical Trial Protocols and Data Quality
Authors: Unger Joseph M. , Stires Hillary , Levit Laura A. , Stewart Mark , McKelvey Brittany Avin , Canin Beverly , Dressler Emily , Flaherty Keith , Fredette Peter , Jones Lee , McCann Peggy , Miller Therica , Onitilo Adedayo A. , Palmieri Fran , Patel Timil , Paul Rocio , Smith Gary L. , Bruinooge Suanna S. , Garrett-Mayer Elizabeth , Lei Xiudong Jennifer , Alva Ajjai , Schenkel Caroline
Published: August 2023

ASCO-Friends study: sponsors say COVID-19–era trial flexibilities had minimal impact on treatment trial data integrity.
The Influence of Classroom Physical Activity Participation and Time on Task on Academic Achievement
Authors: Szabo-Reed Amanda N. , Willis Erik A. , Lee Jaehoon , Hillman Charles H. , Washburn Richard A. , Donnelly Joseph E.
Published: August 2023

Objectives

This study aimed to determine the effect of classroom-based physically active lessons on time on task (TOT) and the relationship of TOT with academic achievement controlling for key demographic variables.

Methods

Seventeen elementary schools were cluster randomized to receive classroom physical activity (Academic Achievement and Physical Activity Across the Curriculum,n= 9) or control (i.e., no physical activity,n= 8) for a 3-yr trial. Teachers were trained to deliver physically active lessons with moderate to vigorous intensity targeting 100 min·wk−1. Outcome measures included academic achievement (Wechsler Individual Achievement Test III), administered at baseline and repeated each spring for 3 yr; time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA); and TOT pre- and postphysical activity. Multilevel modeling was used to estimate the effects of percent time spent in MVPA and percent TOT postlesson on academic achievement and the change in these effects over 3 yr, accounting for dependency among observations and covariates including age, gender, race, free or reduced lunch, BMI, and fitness.

Results

A greater percentage of time performing MVPA was significantly associated with higher math scores (P= 0.034) and spelling scores (P< 0.001), but not reading scores. Academic achievement was not associated with TOT.

Conclusion

Findings suggest that a greater percentage of time spent participating in MVPA results in higher math scores and spelling scores, but not reading scores, independent of TOT. Future studies should continue to evaluate the influence of physically active classroom lessons on time spent on task and its effect on academic achievement. Furthermore, strategies are needed to maximize the effect and to determine the sustainability of physical activity’s effect on classroom behavior and academic achievement.
The Macroeconomics of the Greek Depression
Authors: Chodorow-Reich Gabriel , Karabarbounis Loukas , Kekre Rohan
Published: August 2023

Greece experienced a boom until 2007, followed by a collapse of unprecedented magnitude and persistence. We assess the sources of the boom and the bust, using a rich estimated dynamic general equilibrium model. External demand and government consumption fueled the boom in production, whereas transfers fueled the boom in consumption. Different from the standard narrative, wages and prices declined substantially during the bust. Tax policy accounts for the largest fraction of the bust in production, whereas uninsurable risk accounts for the bust in consumption and wages. We assess how the composition of fiscal adjustment and bailouts affected the crisis. (JEL E21, E23, E24, E32, E62, F41, H20)
Second-Best Fairness: The Trade-Off between False Positives and False Negatives
Authors: Cappelen Alexander W. , Cappelen Cornelius , Tungodden Bertil
Published: August 2023

A main focus in economics is how to design optimal policies in second-best situations, which often requires a trade-off between giving some individuals more than they deserve, false positives, and others less than they deserve, false negatives. This paper provides novel evidence on people’s second-best fairness preferences from large-scale experimental studies in the United States and Norway. The majority of people are more concerned with false negatives than with false positives, but we document substantial heterogeneity in second-best fairness preferences between the countries and across the political spectrum. The findings shed light on the political economy of social insurance and redistribution. (JEL D63, D72, D78, H23, I38)
Three-dimensional mapping of the greater palatine artery location and physiology
Authors: Qi Baiyan , Khazeinezhad Reza , Hariri Ali , Yim Wonjun , Jin Zhicheng , Sasi Lekshmi , Chen Casey , Jokerst Jesse V
Published: August 2023

Objective:

To develop a novel technique for localizing and reconstructing the greater palatine artery (GPA) using three-dimensional (3D) technology.

Methods:

A miniaturized intraoral ultrasound transducer was used to imaging landmarks including the GPA, gingival margin (GM), and palatal masticatory mucosa (PMM). A 5-mm-thick solid hydrogel couplant was integrated to replace traditional ultrasound gel and avoid bubbles when moving the transducer.

Results:

A panorama image provided the relative localization of landmarks including the GPA, PMM, and hard palate. Short- and long-axis imaging of GPA was performed in five subjects including 3D mapping of GPA branches and surrounding tissues in a volume of 10 mm × 8 mm × 10 mm. Full-mouth Doppler imaging was also demonstrated on both the dorsal and ventral tongue as well as buccal mucosa and sublingual region on two subjects.

Conclusions:

This study can measure the vertical distance from the GM to the GPA and depth from PMM to GPA and visualize the GPA localization in a 3D manner, which is critical to evaluate the available volume of palatal donor tissues and avoid sectioning of GPA during surgical harvesting of the tissues. Finally, the transducer’s small size facilitates full-mouth Doppler imaging with the potential to improve the assessment, diagnosis, and management of oral mucosa.
The role of deep learning for periapical lesion detection on panoramic radiographs
Authors: Çelik Berrin , Savaştaer Ertugrul Furkan , Kaya Halil Ibrahim , Çelik Mahmut Emin
Published: August 2023

Objective:

This work aimed to detect automatically periapical lesion on panoramic radiographs (PRs) using deep learning.

Methods:

454 objects in 357 PRs were anonymized and manually labeled. They are then pre-processed to improve image quality and enhancement purposes. The data were randomly assigned into the training, validation, and test folders with ratios of 0.8, 0.1, and 0.1, respectively. The state-of-art 10 different deep learning-based detection frameworks including various backbones were applied to periapical lesion detection problem. Model performances were evaluated by mean average precision, accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, precision-recall curves, area under curve and several other Common Objects in Context detection evaluation metrics.

Results:

Deep learning-based detection frameworks were generally successful in detecting periapical lesions on PRs. Detection performance, mean average precision, varied between 0.832 and 0.953 while accuracy was between 0.673 and 0.812 for all models. F1 score was between 0.8 and 0.895. RetinaNet performed the best detection performance, similarly Adaptive Training Sample Selection provided F1 score of 0.895 as highest value. Testing with external data supported our findings.

Conclusion:

This work showed that deep learning models can reliably detect periapical lesions on PRs. Artificial intelligence-based on deep learning tools are revolutionizing dental healthcare and can help both clinicians and dental healthcare system.
Association between care-seeking at health centres preceding hospital admission and in-hospital child mortality in rural Malawi
Authors: Selstø Annlaug , King Carina , Hildenwall Helena , Zadutsa Beatiwel , Banda Lumbani , Phiri Everlisto , Makwenda Charles
Published: August 2023

Background: Mortality among children with acute illness in low-income countries remains high. Referral issues and limitations in emergency care are major challenges to child health and a hypothesis is that care at lower-level facilities delays quality emergency care. This study investigates the extent of care-seeking at health centres prior to hospital admission for sick children, and its association with inpatient mortality in Malawi.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children aged 0-12 years admitted to hospitals in Mchinji district, Malawi. Data was collected from September 2019 to April 2020 from one district hospital and three community hospitals. Information was collected from caregivers of admitted children, patient files and ward admission registers. The primary analysis assesses the association between referral from a health centre and in-hospital outcomes using logistic regression.

Result: A total of 4926 children were included. The majority (n=4265, 86.6%) had gone straight to hospital without being referred from another health facility. The most common diagnoses were malaria (n= 3345, 67.9%), meningitis or sepsis (n= 1047, 21.3%) and pneumonia (n= 656, 13.3%). Children that were referred from a health centre had a case fatality rate of 5.3%, while those that came straight to the hospital had a case fatality rate of 2.5%. Children who had been referred from a health centre had higher odds of dying (AOR: 2.0, CI 95%: 1.3-3.0), compared to self-referred children. Children with anaemia (AOR: 4.1, CI 95%: 2.7-6.3) and malnutrition (AOR: 6.3, CI 95%: 2.7-14.6) had significantly higher odds of dying, than those without these conditions.

Conclusion: Most children admitted to hospital had been taken there without a referral, and these children had better survival than those who had been referred. A better understanding of care-seeking pathways, including referral challenges, may direct interventions to improve timely provision of care for sick children.
Preventive efficacy of silver diamine fluoride and MI Varnish on molars affected by molar incisor hypomineralization in children: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Al-Nerabieah Zuhair , AlKhouli Muaaz , Dashash Mayssoon
Published: August 2023

Background: This randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the efficacy of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and MI Varnish in preventing caries development, enamel breakdown, and sensitivity on molars affected by molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in children.

Methods: A total of 100 children aged 6 to 9 years were enrolled in the study with two contralateral permanent molars mildly affected by MIH. Affected molars were randomly and equally assigned to receive either SDF or MI Varnish treatment. The interventions were applied at four different time points (baseline, 3, 6, 9 months), and the incidence of caries, caries progression, enamel breakdown, and sensitivity were assessed.

Results: The findings of this study revealed significant differences in the incidence of caries between the groups treated with SDF and MI Varnish (P-value < 0.05). Similarly, there was a significant difference in caries progression between the two groups (P-value < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in enamel breakdown scores between the treatment groups, as the majority of teeth in both groups exhibited a score of 0. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in sensitivity between the treatment groups throughout the study period.

Conclusions: In conclusion, the results of this study provide evidence that molars treated with SDF demonstrated a lower incidence of caries and a higher rate of caries arrest compared to those treated with MI Varnish. Both interventions showed promise in preventing enamel breakdown and improving sensitivity. These findings highlight the potential of SDF and MI Varnish as effective treatments for caries prevention and management, emphasizing the importance of early intervention and appropriate dental care strategies in maintaining oral health.

Trial registration: ISRCTN54243749 (13/01/2022).
The first level of conceptualization in dialectical behavior therapy
Authors: Taurogiński Bartłomiej
Published: August 2023

Umiejętność konceptualizacji problemu pacjenta jest kluczową kompetencją skutecznych psychoterapeutów. Sposoby rozumienia pacjenta i jego problemów różnią się pomiędzy podejściami w psychoterapii i zależą od ram teoretycznych, w obrębie których porusza się terapeuta. Nawet w ramach tak spójnego nurtu terapeutycznego, jakim jest terapia poznawczo-behawioralna (ang. cognitive behavioral therapy — CBT) dostrzegalne są różnice w sposobie budowania rozumienia pacjenta, szczególnie przez terapeutów tzw. III fali. W niniejszym artykule autor przybliża filozofię pracy w dialektycznej terapii behawioralnej stanowiącej właśnie jeden z nurtów terapii poznawczo-behawioralnych. Dokonuje także opisu konceptualizacji na tzw. pierwszym poziomie — tj. rozumienia zgłaszanego problemu pacjenta w kontekście „tu i teraz”. Autor stara się także zarysować podobieństwa i różnice pomiędzy klasycznym modelem poznawczym stosowanym w konceptualizacji CBT (tzw. kajzerką), a modelami stosowanymi w terapii DBT, czyli modelem emocji oraz łańcuchem behawioralnym. Autor wskazuje na obszary, w których konceptualizacja DBT wydaje się wykraczać poza klasyczne ramy konceptualizacji CBT (np. rola impulsów towarzyszących reakcjom emocjonalnym) i w których konceptualizacje te są zbieżne (np. rola zjawisk poznawczych).
Atratividade e atividade diária dos besouros Histeridae, Scarabaeidae e Staphylinidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) em fragmento florestal de Mata Atlântica no oeste do Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Menon Elisa de Bastiani , Eulalio Aylson Dailson Medeiros de Moura , Caron Edilson , Leivas Fernando Willyan Trevisan
Published: August 2023

Histeridae, Scarabaeidae e Staphylinidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) têm sido citadas como bioindicadores de alterações ambientais, porém, pouco se sabe sobre sua atividade diária e atratividade a diferentes tipos de atrativos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a afinidade das comunidades de Histeridae, Scarabaeidae e Staphylinidae a diferentes tipos de iscas em fragmento florestal urbano de Mata Atlântica, como também seu período de atividade (diurno-noturno). As coletas foram realizadas duas vezes ao dia, utilizando armadilhas pitfall iscadas com fezes humanas, carne bovina em decomposição, banana em decomposição e sem atrativo. Foram instaladas quatro armadilhas dispostas em três transectos, totalizando 12 armadilhas. Foram coletados 532 indivíduos e identificadas 34 espécies: Histeridae, n = 12 e 3 spp.; Staphylinidae, n = 234 e 22 spp.; e Scarabaeidae, n = 286 e 9 spp. Houve diferenças significativas na abundância das três famílias aos diferentes tipos de iscas, e na riqueza e composição de espécies houve apenas em Scarabaeidae e Staphylinidae. Quanto ao período do dia, houve diferenças significativas na riqueza, abundância e composição de Staphylinidae, além de diferenças na composição de Scarabaeidae. Esperamos que os dados possam fornecer informações adicionais sobre as espécies de besouros presentes em ecossistema urbano na Mata Atlântica brasileira, e então, ajudar a orientar estratégias de conservação.
Syntheses in the Academic Output of Maria Bogucka
Authors: Wijaczka Jacek
Published: August 2023

Maria Bogucka was the author of several synthetic studies, which included topics such as the history of Poland until 1864, the history of the Netherlands, the history of Polish towns and the burgher classes in the early modern era, as well as the history of Polish culture up until 1989. This article discusses these particular syntheses; and the critical assessments they gave rise to following their publication.
The Craft of the Late Medieval and Modern Times in the Academic Writings of Maria Bogucka
Authors: Grulkowski Marcin
Published: August 2023

Maria Bogucka (1929–2020) is one of Poland’s most outstanding representatives of historiography in the period after the Second World War. She dealt with a myriad of areas, such as the history of trade, everyday life, the problem of the position of the bourgeoisie in the social structure of pre-partitioned Poland and various aspects of the history of early modern culture. In the earliest period of her academic career (the 1950s and 1960s), under the guidance of Marian Małowist, she took up the subject of the development of crafts in the late Middle Ages and early modern times, with her research focusing primarily on Gdańsk, the largest city in pre-partition Poland. In her research, she sought to isolate the features of early capitalism in the relations of production of the city’s craftsmen, and she also focused her interest on artisans operating outside the guild system. Bogucka explained the changes in the economic situation in crafts, examining the relationship between this form of production and agricultural production and trade development.
O prawach epistemicznych z punktu widzenia edukacji
Authors: Łopatkiewicz Agata
Published: August 2023

Celem artykułu jest próba udzielenia odpowiedzi na cztery pytania postawione w związku z problematyką praw epistemicznych i ich funkcjonowaniem w sferze edukacji: (1) czym są prawa epistemiczne i jak można je scharakteryzować? (2) jaki jest status młodego pokolenia w kontekście przysługiwania praw epistemicznych? (3) w jaki sposób i w jakim zakresie prawa epistemiczne funkcjonują w systemie edukacji? (4) jakie zadania dla edukacji wynikają z uznania ważności praw epistemicznych? Przedstawiona w tekście charakterystyka praw epistemicznych opiera się na ustaleniach znawczyni tego zagadnienia, Lani Watson, uzupełnionych o poglądywybranych filozofów oraz badaczy reprezentujących inne dyscypliny naukowe, zainteresowanych tym obszarem problemowym.
Scientific network agreement "Polish Scientific Network - research and development works for the promotion of sports law" - selected organizational and legal issues
Authors: Borek Dominik , Raniszewski Szymon , Bugajska Małgorzata
Published: August 2023

The article concerns the cooperation agreement between scientific units in the field of sports law. The Network, not having legal personality, uses the legal personality of its members. The network is not a civil law partnership agreement. The coordinator of the network agreement is the John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin in Lublin. The members of the network remained fully independent in their non-target activities. The study used the dogmatic-exegetical research method, which required an analysis of detailed legal regulations in this area. The article presents the personal views of the authors and cannot be interpreted as the position of any authority, entity or institution.
Krytyczne ujęcie "Bycia i czasu" Heideggera autorstwa Panajotisa Kondylisa. Komentarz do przekładu
Authors: Zieliński Lech , Głowacki Patryk
Published: August 2023

Przedmiotem artykułu jest naświetlenie krytycznego stosunku Panajotisa Kondylisa do koncepcji Martina Heideggera oraz jego historycznego kontekstu. Autorzy tekstu odnoszą się zarówno do wydanej przez Kondylisa recenzji książki Heideggera Bycie i czas z okazji 50. jubileuszu upływającego od jej pierwszego wydania, jak i do innych fragmentów książek Kondylisa, w których odnosi się on od do spuścizny niemieckiego filozofa. Autorzy artykułu zwracają uwagę, że polemika z Heideggerem służy Kondylisowi do zasygnalizowania własnej, odrębnej koncepcji znajdującej się w całkowitej opozycji do dzieła Heideggera.
Stosunek Panajotisa Kondylisa do myśli Karola Marksa
Authors: Zieliński Lech , Głowacki Patryk
Published: August 2023

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest opracowanie stosunku Panajotisa Kondylisa do myśli Karola Marksa. W jego pierwszej części autorzy dokonali zwięzłego przeglądu aktualnego stanu badań oraz wskazali na dalsze możliwości i perspektywy badawcze. W drugiej części skupili się na analizie niewykorzystanych wcześniej tekstów Kondylisa obejmujących zarówno jego pierwsze artykuły naukowe (lata studenckie), jak i wywiady udzielone u schyłku życia. Zwrócili również szczególną uwagę na publikację Marks a grecka tradycja antyczna stanowiącą jedyną książkę skupiającą się w całości na twórczości Marksa. Jej przekład na język polski był inspiracją do napisania artykułu. Ta perspektywa pozwoliła uzyskać szerszy i bardziej kompleksowy obraz stosunku Kondylisa do spuścizny Karola Marksa.
Online Food Delivery Platforms and Female Labor Force Participation
Authors: Liu Jialu , Pei Siqi , Zhang Xiaoquan (Michael)
Published: August 2023

Our research examines the impact of online food delivery platforms on female employment in South Korea, highlighting the often-overlooked positive externalities that digital platforms generate on the labor market and economics. We find that these platforms lead to an immediate and lasting increase in the female employment rate, with a notable increase in the female employment rate by 6.5%. The economic benefits derived from this rise in female employment account for 0.27% to the country’s GDP, or 17 times the revenue of the online food delivery platform.

Our analysis shows that such digital platforms offer a pathway for women to break free from traditional household roles, thus granting them more time and the opportunity to decide whether to join the labor market or stay at home. The freedom to be able to join the labor force promotes gender equality and fosters economic engagement. Policymakers need to recognize such indirect effects of technology-driven business models because they shape labor markets and drive economic outcomes.

This research has vital implications for practice and policy, offering fresh perspectives on fostering female labor force participation and boosting economic growth. Empowering individual households and granting women greater agency can have profound effects, supplementing organizational measures. The study highlights the underestimated economic and societal value created by innovative technology platforms, emphasizing the need for policymakers to consider these spillover effects when assessing and regulating such platforms. Leveraging digital platforms can lead countries toward a more inclusive and prosperous future, dismantling barriers and promoting gender equality.