bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microbial Desalination Cell Combined with Capacitive Deionization/Membrane Capacitive Deionization to Desalinate Seawater
Authors: Wen Qin Xue , Yang Hong , Chen Zhi Qiang , Zhang Hui Chao
Published: September 2013

Microbial desalination cell (MDC) was considered inefficient to desalinate salt water with low salt concentration, therefore, the feasibility of using capacitive deionization (CDI) and membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) as a post-processing technologies for MDC was investigated in this study, as well as the possibility of using MDC as the power supply for CDI and MCDI. The internal resistances of MDC with different salt concentration, the desalination rate and fresh water yield during a typical desalination cycle under initial salt concentration of 35 g/L were investigated in order to find out the deadline salt concentration for the MDC to desalinate effectively. The internal resistance increased from 21.7 to 602 Ω as the concentration of salt water decreased from 35 g/L to 0.1g/L. The salt water volume increased from 42 to 48 ml when the salt concentration decreased from 35 to 15 g/L, then decreased to 38 ml at the end of one desalination cycle when the salt concentration achieved 0.05 g/L due to the salt gradient (osmotic pressure). The maximum desalination rate during one typical desalination cycle in our experiment reached 5.65 mg/h when salt concentration decreased from 27.26 to 26.32 g/L, while the minimum desalination rate was 0.534 mg/h when salt concentration decreased from 0.38 to 0.05 g/L. It was concluded that MDC was not suitable to desalinate salt water with salt concentration less than 1 g/L. When CDI and MCDI were used as the post-processing technologies for MDC, a better performance in term of electrosorption capacity was obtained from MCDI with an influent salt concentration of 1 g/L. The experimental result also showed that the electrosorption capacity of MCDI with MDC as power supply was more than that with potentiostat as power supply at 0.8V, this suggests that MDC could be an alternative power supply for MCDI.
Microbiological Distribution of Multi-Level-well Samples in the Coast of South China
Authors: Huang Xiao Lan , Chen Jian Yao , Lai Ge Ying
Published: September 2013

In this study, the Microbiological communities wereinvestigated by culture-independent molecular approaches. Four 16S rRNA genelibraries from mineral waterand different groundwater of wells collected from Zhuhai of the South China were constructed and analyzed by amplifiedribosomal DNA restriction analysis technique (ARDRA). The clones of dominantARDRA patterns were selected to sequence. The phylogenetic analysis indicatedthat the sequences from dominant ARDRA patterns belonged toProteobacteria, Bacteroidetes，archaea ,Actinobacteria,Planctomycetes,and Candidate division OP3, OP8, OP11et al.Thepercentages ofProteobacteriaisolated from multi-level-well samples D1,D5,D6were respectively 32.3％,34.3%,46.7%;The Bacteroidetes were respectively 5.0％,11.2％,6.5％; and Actinobacteria were respectively 5.4％,6.6％,7.8％. As a background,the seawater clone library, with the majority (32.8%) of the clones clusteringwithin theProteobacteria, the second most abundant group wereBacteroidetesandPlanctomycetes(both 9.3%), The results suggest that microbialcommunity from different vertical layers ofgroundwater in pristine habitats that have been described for the first time inChina.
Microbial Hydroxylation of Progesterone with Aspergillus ustus
Authors: Lai Tian Chao , Dai Yun , Zhou Bin , Shen Guang Jian , Su Hai Lin , Du Gang
Published: September 2013

Progesterone was biotransformed byAspergillus ustusin this paper. Two products were obtained and they were identified as 11α-hydroxyprogesterone and 11α,15β-dihydroxyprogesterone by NMR and MS. The fermentation process of biotransformtion had been studied with HPLC and 11α-hydroxyprogesterone was the main product.
Study on Biotransformation Products of Androstenedione by Paecilomyces victoriae
Authors: Shen Guang Jian , Zhou Bin , Lai Tian Chao , Su Hai Lin , Yang Hai Ying
Published: September 2013

Paecilomyces victoriae was selected to transform androstenedione (AD). Two products were obtained and identified as 7α-Hydroxyandrostenedione, 7α-Hydroxy-17α-methyltestosterone, respectively, by MS and NMR.
Mesophilic Anaerobic Biomass Digestion in the Presence of Nano Scale Polymer Metal Catalyst Fixed on a Naturalpolymer – Humate
Authors: Yemelyanova V.S. , Myltykbayeva Zh. K. , Kairbekov Zh.K. , Baysynbayeva R. S. , Shakieva T. V. , Baizhomartov B. B.
Published: September 2013

The results of the anaerobic methane fermentation of cow manure in the temperature range of 35-40°C, pH 5.5-7.5 in the presence of iron and immobilized on a natural polymer humate. Kinetic studies have shown that in the presence of catalysts developed analogues of natural catalysts enzymes in the studied conditions, the rate of methane fermentation of biomass increases three times. Increasing the concentration of iron humate, and a positive effect on the first order constants as in step accumulation of microorganisms during a fermentation step and anaerobic degradation of biomass.
Adsorption Performance of Methylene Blue on Modified Coal Gangue
Authors: Wang Hui Juan , Wang Xiao Li , Wang Li Xiang
Published: September 2013

The alkali heat modification used in coal gangue. And the adsorption effect of MB on original gangue and modified gangue were observed. The results were showed that removal rate of MB was 96.87% and 45.45% by modified gangue and original gangue under the conditions of MB initial concentration 50mg·L-1. The adsorption mechanism was discussed based on Freundlich isotherm model and Langmuir isotherm model. It was proved that MB was easy to be adsorbed by modified coal gangue and the adsorption was belong to monolayer adsorption.The pseudo-second-order kinetic model was best accord to adsorption. And the rate of absorption was control by intra-particle diffusion.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Solution by Fe-Doped Tio2 under Visible Light
Authors: Li Wei Xing , Ma Jing Huan , Liu Ying , Ren Qing Tong , Ma Zhan Sheng
Published: September 2013

In this paper, Fe (NO3) 3 9H2O and TiO2 were selected as raw materials. Fe2O3/TiO2 photocatalyst was prepared by the impregnation method. The degradation performance of the photocatalyst for methylene blue solution was studied in detail under the tungsten light source environment. The results showed that Fe2O3/TiO2 had the good photocatalytic properties, and that methylene blue had a higher degradation rate at about 60min. In a certain range of loading, degradation gradually increased with the amount of doped iron. The catalytic performance was high at the basic condition. The degradation rate decreased with the higher initial concentration of methylene blue. The photocatalyst with good performance has been prepared.
Design and Synthesis of Metal Oxides Doped Three-Dimensional Order Macroporous Materials Based on SiO2 Matrixes and their Photocatalytic Property
Authors: Fan Wei Qiang , Bai Hong Ye , Shi Wei Dong
Published: September 2013

Three-dimensional (3D) ordered SiO2 macroporous materials doped with metal oxides (M = Co, Fe, Ni, and Sn) were synthesized respectively, using poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) spheres as templates. The porous structure and morphology of samples has been characterized by TEM images. Further investigation of the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue in the presence of H2O2, the observed photocatalytic performance of the samples was attributed to the effects of the metal oxides and porosity.
Relationship between Planes of Cu2O Microcrystal and Photo-Catalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue
Authors: Shi Wei Dong , Yan Dan , Fan Wei Qiang
Published: September 2013

Four kinds of Cu2O microcrystals with different morphologies are synthesized via low temperature hydrothermal synthetic method. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) of the above different Cu2O is preliminary explored based on this observation. 6-facet, 8-facet, 14-facet are prepared by PVP system and 26-facet is prepared by NaOH system. They are characterized by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Diffuse Reflectance Spectra (DRS). Under 150 W xenon lamp irradiation, 0.5 gL1 catalyst and 0.1% (v/v) 30% H2O2 as co-catalyst are used to degrade 5% 100 mL MB solution. The reaction time is 80 min. 26-facet Cu2O polyhedral discolor about 89.48% of MB while 6-facet Cu2O microcrystal about discolor about 20.18% which is the lowest decolourization rate among all the samples. The photocatalytic performance of 8-facet Cu2O microcrystal is slight better than that of 14-facet. The decolourization rate of 8-facet and 14-facet are 56.00% and 41.08%, respectively. The main reason is that the planes of Cu2O microcrystal have a main influence on photocatalytic degradation of MB.
Biodegradable Poly(ester-urethane)s Containing Poly(butylene succinate) and Mesogen Segments
Authors: Luo Xian Qun , Zhang Chun Di , Cao Jing , Wang Xin Guang , Cao Xian Ying , Du Jie
Published: September 2013

A series of biodegradable segmented poly (ester-urethane) s were prepared by solution polymerization of poly (butylene succinate) (PBS), mesogenic diol (MD), and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). The MD content was varied from 0 to 40 mol% so that the effects of the mesogen content on the thermal and physical properties, and enzymatic degradation were examined respectively. It was found that introducing mesogen segments could increase the thermal stability and the elastic properties, while reduced the phase transition temperatures, the degree of relative crystallinity (Xc) and the enzymatic degradation rate.
On the Research of Environmental Mineral Material Preparation and Application
Authors: Lin Guo Liang , Chi Xiao Peng , Chen Xiang Xiang , Jiang Feng Ming
Published: September 2013

In the part of the paper, use bentonite as a basic material synthesis with phenolic aldehyde foam plastic. The experiment mainly researched into the capacity of the synthesis to purify and store rain water. The results show that, water absorption polymerphenolic aldehyde foams addition to environmental mineral material can promote the capacity of purifying rain water greatly, with 10 percent of bentonite, the removal of BOD5 in the rain water can be promoted to 90 percent, CODs to 80 percent, during which the removal turbidity can be 83 percent. While use bentonite only, the removal rate of BOD5 can only be 62 percent, the removal rate of COD can be 20 percent, and the removal rate of turbidity can be 68 percent. So it depends on the locals pollution conditions to choose environment mineral material to purify the rain water effectively. When choosing bentonite as basic material to synthesis with phenolic aldehyde foam plastic, the polymers water absorption rate and rate of water loss to rain water change with different proportion of bentonite. Through the purify rain water test with plants cultivated in environmental mineral material, purify layer and storage layer can meet all the requirements including the function of purifying and storing rain water, exhibit benefit of the synthesis polymer.
Preparation of Silicalite-1 Membranes with Seeding Method and its Separation Performance for Low Ethanol/Water Mixture
Authors: Chen Hong Liang , Yang Ji Song , Wang Yan , Li Hui Ying , Li Xin Xin , Yang Wei Shen
Published: September 2013

High performance silicalite-1 membranes were successfully synthesized on silica tubes by seeding method after filling the tubes with water and glycerol mixtures. After seeding the silica tubes with 200 nm seeds, all the silicalite-1 membranes show acceptable separation performance towards ethanol/water mixture after 4-12 h hydrothermal synthesis, and the highest flux of membrane with 8 h hydrothermal synthesis reaches about 0.98 kg/m2.h and the separation factor reaches about 60 towards 3 wt.% ethanol/water mixture. This result shows that the as-synthesized silicalite-1 membrane can concentrate the ethanol from 3% to about 65%, and the ethanol can be obtained over 600 g/m2.h by using the silicalite-1 membrane, which shows that seeding method and suitable control of synthesis conditions is possible for preparing high-performance silicalite-1 membranes.
A Fruit Combination Cleaning Method and Bactericidal Effect Exploration
Authors: Wang Xin Ying , Jiang Zhi Wei , Wang Kai Quan
Published: September 2013

A method is used to clean fruits combining ozone, calcium hypochlorite and cold water to In order to validate the sterilization effect, we counted, separated and purified the surface microbial numbers of the peaches and grapes before and after cleaning, The results showed that after cleaning the total numbers of bacteria and fungi in peaches reduced 98.7 percent and 98.4 percent, respectively. While the total numbers of bacteria and fungi in grapes reduced 75 percent and 85 percent, respectively. After cleaning, the fungi specie in peaches and grapes reduced 56 percent and 57 percent, while the bacteria species reduced 17 percent and 10 percent. As a result, this method can effectively sterilize the fruits.
Influence of 1,2-Dichlorobenzene on Anaerobic Microorganisms in Wetland Soil
Authors: Liang Hui Xing , Chen Ai Hui , Ding Cheng , Li Zhao Xia
Published: September 2013

The potential effect of 1,2-dichlorobenzene (1,2-DCB) on anaerobic microbial populations was investigated in a flooded wetland soil. Numbers of anaerobic fermentative bacteria (AFB), denitrifying bacteria (DNB) and hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria (HPAB) were numerated by three-tube anaerobic most-probable-number (MPN) methods with anaerobic liquid enrichment media. In anaerobic microbe groups, the changes of bacterium group were not the same. 1,2-Dichlorobenzene had the maximum influence on microbial groups of wetland soil at the initial pollution. In dealing with 14-35 days, bacterium groups in each processing soil have different amplitude bouncing back. In the experimental process, bacteria which produces hydrogen and acetic acid is most sensitive to 1,2-Dichlorobenzene. Hydrolysis fermentation bacteria second, and denitrifying bacteria was the smallest.
Predicting Mixture Toxicities of Aniline Derivatives on Photobacterium
Authors: Ge Hui Lin , Liu Shu Shen , Luo Jin Hui , Fan Qiong , Zhang Yue , Mo Ling Yun
Published: September 2013

The low-dose and combined effects of aniline, 2-methylaniline, 3-methylaniline, 4-methylaniline, 2-nitroaniline, 3-nitroaniline, 4-nitroaniline, 2-chloroaniline, 3-chloroaniline, and 4-chloroaniline on photobacterium Vibrio qinghaiensis were predicted and evaluated by using concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) models. The mixtures effects can be predicted by CA and IA models, which indicate that aniline derivatives present additive toxicity.
Adsorption of Cobalt Ions on Molded Magnesium Silicate
Authors: Mao Li Li , Wang Hai Zeng , Wang Qing
Published: September 2013

The groundwater contaminated with cobalt is attracted more and more concern. In this study, molded magnesium silicate (MMS) was successfully prepared and the physico-chemical properties were determined by N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Surface area and the average pore size were 333.19 m2·g-1 and 4.442 nm. Adsorption experiments of removal of cobalt ions was investigated as the function of initial concentration, adsorbent dose and adsorption time. Adsorption process was rapid and adsorption equilibriums were achieved soon.
Expression of CD4+CD25high+ Regulatory T Cells in Miniature Swine
Authors: Wu Yan Ling , Ding Yan Ping , Wei Chuan He , Kobayashi Eiji , Sakaguchi Shimon , Koshiba Takaaki
Published: September 2013

In mice, there has been increasing evidence that FOXP3-expressing CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) inhibit potentially reactive T cells to allo-antigens and play an important role in transplant (Tx) tolerance. Human CD4+CD25 high+ T cells represent Tregs, characterized by anergic and antigen-specific suppressive properties. Despite the significance of miniature swine as a preclinical model, only limited data are available regarding the existence of a porcine counterpart to the murine or human Tregs. Methods: From peripheral blood of five adult miniature swine, CD4+ cells (CD4+), CD4+CD25 high+ cells (CD25high+), CD4+CD25low+ cells (CD25low+), and CD4+CD25- cells (CD25-) were isolated with a cell sorter. Expression of the homologous gene to murine FOXP3 was quantified by RT-PCR in isolated fractions, and normalized to GAPDH. Proliferation of CD25high+ and suppressive property of CD25high+ to CD4+ responder cells upon allogeneic stimulation was evaluated by MLR and dilution assay, respectively, after isolation and 9-day culture with allogeneic cells in the presence of IL-2. Results: FOXP3 was expressed ten times higher in CD25 high+, compared to that in CD25low+ (p<0.05). CD25- expressed almost no FOXP3. CD25high+ was anergic and could suppress the proliferation of responder CD4+ upon allogeneic stimulation after isolation. After culture, CD25high+ remained anergic and showed a more suppressive effect on cells used for culture than on third party cells. Conclusions: 1) CD25high+ in miniature swine peripheral blood expressed an extremely high level of FOXP3. 2) This fraction was anergic and has suppressive properties, showing antigen-specificity after exposure to alloantigens. 3) We found for the first time that miniature swine CD25high+ represents the homologous population to the murine and human Tregs. Miniature swine Tx models, therefore, may provide opportunities for pre-clinical evaluation of innovative Tregs-based tolerance strategy.
Variation Characteristics of PM10 Mass Concentrations and Correlations with Meteorological Factors in Xingtai City
Authors: Wang Jian , Xu Mei , Ye Xia , Liu Wei
Published: September 2013

Based on monitoring data of air pollution index (API) and meteorological data from January 2009 to December 2012 in Xingtai, the variation characteristics of PM10mass concentration were analyzed and the relationships between PM10mass concentration and air pressure, wind speed, temperature, vapor pressure, relative humid and sunshine duration were investigated for four seasons using SPSS software. The results showed that the PM10mass concentration was 86.5, 83.3, 85.0 and 80.4 μg m­3, and the differences were not obvious tending to be a weak downward trend from 2009 to 2012. The percentage of the excellent and good air quality was high during the period and the mild and light pollution mainly appeared in December. The PM10mass concentration showed significant seasonal variations with a higher value in winter and fall and a lower value in spring and summer. The relationship between PM10mass concentration and meteorological factors showed some differences in different seasons. The PM10mass concentration had negative correlation with air pressure and sunshine duration and positive correlation with vapor pressure, temperature and wind speed in spring. The PM10mass concentration was negatively correlated with air pressure and sunshine duration, but positively correlated with vapor pressure and temperature in summer. The PM10mass concentration was negatively correlated with temperature, wind speed, vapor pressure and sunshine duration in fall. The PM10mass concentration had negative correlation with wind speed, sunshine duration and air pressure and positive correlation with vapor pressure and relative humidity in winter.
An Empirical Analysis on the Relationship between Industrial Economic Growth and Environmental Pollution - Taking the Chongqing of China as an Example
Authors: Zhou Shu Qing
Published: September 2013

Basing on the theories of Environmental Kuznets Curve,this paper analyzes the relationship between industrial economic growth and waste gas,waste water and solid wastes with the economic and environmental statistics of Chongqing Municipality from 1995 to 2009. The study shows that there is a inverted N-type of environmental Kuznets curve of the industrial waste water with the rising of industrial per capita value, but it lies in the left side of the EKC. There exists a extremely notable relationship between the industrial per capita value and produced volume of industrial solid wastes,but the curve has not come up to the turning point. In order to achieve the harmonious development between industrial economic growth and environmental pollution in Chongqing,we should establish the long-effect mechanism for environmental protection.
Study on the Relationship between the Economics and Environment of Puyang City Based on Environmental Kuznets Curve
Authors: Li Qing Song , Kang Kai , Zhu Jia Wei , Meng Qing Xiang , Deng Su Jun
Published: September 2013

The study set up the model of per capita GDP and the environmental index based on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) with the support of SPSS software and the 2003-2011 economics and environment data of Puyang City. And the result shows that the environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) of industrial wastewater discharge and industrial sulfur dioxide emissions both display inverted U-shape; and just across the turning point, the discharge present downward trend with the increasing of per capita GDP; while the EKC of industrial fumes emissions display positive U-shape, and its emission present upward trend first and then downward with the increasing of per capita GDP. It shows that the environmental problems of Puyang City has partly improved, but has not been fully restrained. The main reasons are unreasonable industrial structure, single dominated industy and relatively low investment on environmental improvement.
Numerical Simulation Study of CO2 Safety Storage in Saline Aquifers
Authors: Zhang Wei Dong , Wang Jie , Ren Shao Ran , Wu Shuang Liang , Zhang Liang
Published: September 2013

The CO2storage in saline aquifers possess large storage potential, required less well numbers, low storage costs, less geographical restrictions, etc, it has widespread attention of environmental protection workers at home and abroad. Through the mechanism of CO2storage in saline aquifers research shows that the form of CO2storage in saline aquifers was divided into free gas and irreducible gas. Through the application of CMG software to simulate the geological model, the results showed that the diffusion coefficient has a minimal impact on CO2safe storage. When choose storage reservoir, high porosity, high permeability, low vertical and horizontal permeability ratio is the first choice.
The Research of Shenyang Green Government Management
Authors: Li Jun Jing , Zeng Peng , Li Meng Ling
Published: September 2013

In this thesis, the Shenyang municipal government green management through research, such as actively establish a government green management concepts, build a green management service-oriented government organizations, develop green development strategy, the government green building management system and other measures to vigorously promote resource-saving and environment-friendly society model of economic development, regional economic, social, natural organic coordination and Shenyang sustainable economic development. Shenyang provide a theoretical basis to achieve "national model city of environmental construction," the goal.
Comments on Recent Mass Protests of Environmental Pollution in China
Authors: You Ming Qing
Published: September 2013

After years of rapid economic development, environmental pollution has become a big concern to the general public in China. Numerous mass protests happened because of actual or perceived environmental pollution. This article makes a case study of three recent mass protests to find the features and deeper causes of mass protests for environmental issues. It concludes that, without sufficient information disclosure, the general public may still protest and the government may yeild, even if a project followed all governmental procedures and obtained all governmental approvals. This harms both the credibility of the government and the economy, and eventually the interests of the public. Chinese government has found the deeper causes and is working on the right direction.
Decomposition of Energy-Related CO2 Emission over 2001 and 2011 in Manufacturing Industry of China
Authors: Chang Lin , Mu Hai Lin , Li Hua Nan
Published: September 2013

Manufacturing industry is developing fast in China, leading to a large amount of energy consumption and CO2 emission. This paper presents a decomposition analysis of energy-related CO2 emission in manufacturing industry in China for the period of 2001-2011. The complete decomposition method developed by Sun is used to analyze the effect of four factors: CO2 intensity, energy intensity, structure change and economy development. The results show that economy development has the largest positive effect and energy intensity has the most negative impact on CO2 emission of Chinas manufacture industry. While the structure change of manufacturing industrial decreases its CO2 emission to a certain extent and the CO2 intensity increases its CO2 emission slightly, but both of them have large potentials in CO2 reduction.
Carbon Storage in Young Chinese Fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) Monoculture and Mixed Plantations in Subtropical China
Authors: Cheng Xiang Rong , Yu Mu Kui , Li Zheng Cai , Wu Tong Gui
Published: September 2013

Mixed plantations of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata, CL) and five broadleaf tree species (Ailanthus altissima (AA), Betula luminifera (BL), Sapindus mukurossi (SM), Tciliata varpubescens (TV) and Zelkova schnideriana (ZS)) were established. After 5 years, spatial distributions of carbon stocks were studied in Chinese fir monoculture and mixed plantations. Overstory tree carbon storages were significantly lower (P<0.05) in mixed plantations than that in Chinese fir monoculture plantations. Understory vegetation carbon storages were significantly lower (P<0.05) in CL+BL and CL+ZS plantations than in the monoculture plantations. No significant difference was observed between other mixed plantations and monoculture plantations. Litter carbon storage was significantly lower in CL+ZS plantations than in the monoculture plantations (P<0.05), there was no significant difference between other mixed plantations and monoculture plantations. Soil carbon storages (0-60 cm) in mixed plantations were higher than that in the monoculture plantations, except for CL+SM plantations. Total ecosystem carbon storage was no significant difference between monoculture and mixed plantations, except for CL+SM plantations. Nevertheless, spatial distribution of carbon storage was different among these mixed plantations.
Effect of Co2+ and Ni2+ on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Oilseed Rape
Authors: Yang Qing Song , Zhao Yan
Published: September 2013

Metal toxicity is an important factor governing germination and growth of plants. We have investigated how Co2+and Ni2+treatment affected germination and early growth stage of oilseed rape (Brassica napusL.). The results showed that the single pollution of Co2+was capable to stimulate the seed germination and seedling growth of oilseed rape at lower concentration, but the phenomena did not exist by the single pollution of Ni2+. Not only polluted by Co2+ but also by Ni2+, all indexes of germination and growth reduced gradually at higher concentration among examined concentration of heavy metals. Meanwhile, effects of Ni2+single pollution were stronger than that of Co2+single pollution.
Medical Applications of Fermentation Technology
Authors: Rahman Mahbuba
Published: September 2013

Fermentation, a process traditionally known for the anaerobic conversion of sugar to carbon dioxide and alcohol by yeast, now refers to an industrial process of manufacturing a wide variety of metabolites and biomaterials by using microorganisms or mammalian cells in a controlled culture environment. Fermentation can be performed in batch mode, continuous mode or in a combinatory, fed-batch mode, depending on the product of interest. Fermentation technology has long been known for the production of various medically important products such as antibiotics, solvents such as ethanol, intermediary compounds such as citric acid, probiotics such as yoghurt etc. New generation fermentation products include anti-viral drugs, therapeutic recombinant proteins and DNA, and monoclonal antibodies. Apart from the drugs, fermentation is also used for the commercial production of materials required for the development of diagnostic kits, drug delivery vehicles and medical devices. Fermentation technology remains at the heart of rapidly growing biopharmaceutical industry today, which is expected to expand even more in the days ahead, in parallel with the progress in novel, targeted drug discovery.
A Review on the Formulation and Analysis of Anti-Diabetic Agent: Gliclazide
Authors: Uddin A. B. M. Helal , Alaama Mohamed , Abdualkader Abdualrahman Mohammed , Awang Mohamed B. , Ahmed Qamar Uddin , Abbas Syed A.
Published: September 2013

Gliclazide is a second generation sulfonylurea, which is used as antidiabetics drug. It is orally administrated and used for the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and has duration of action of 12 h or more. Beside its hypoglycaemic effects, gliclazide was reported to have many other important effects, such as: suppression of platelet functions, antithrombotic actions, decreased the production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) α by endothelial cells and other effects. The unique activities of gliclazide has open a new avenue for the drug development research. This work is aimed to provide comprehensive information about gliclazide and its current research activities.
Advances in Molecular Technologies and Platforms for the Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases
Authors: Hasan M. Rubayet
Published: September 2013

nfectious microbial pathogens constitute the largest cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early diagnosis and rapid infection control measures can lead to improved outcomes, earlier discharges and reduced nosocomial infections. Conventional diagnostic methods for infectious diseases such as microscopy, culture, and immunological methods, in most cases, are not universally applicable, less sensitive and could take from days to months to complete depending on the pathogen. Molecular assays based on nucleic acids such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have improved the sensitivity, specificity and turn-around time in diagnostic microbiology laboratories. These tests are particularly important to detect very low levels of pathogens in clinical samples, and for organisms that have long half-lives or are non-culturable. However, individual molecular tests are available for only a limited number of the more common infectious agents. Moreover, infectious disease events arising from novel pathogens or genetic variants have significantly increased, recently, for which, routine diagnostic methods are not yet available. Therefore, molecular methods and technologies capable of detecting multiple pathogens in a single test have become available over the last few years. Although, these methods are based on the conventional nucleic acid amplification and hybridization chemistry, enhanced multiplexing capability has been achieved through innovations in nucleic acid labeling techniques, and post-amplification analytic methods and instrumentation. The availability of these test kits brought a new level of convenience to the physicians ordering practices, and to the laboratory personnel, as they require very little hands on time. However, these tests are yet unaffordable to many laboratories, and in many cases, the sensitivity is poor compared to that of single-target, real-time PCR assays. Looking into the future, the revolutionary, next generation sequencing (NGS) technology is now being considered as a potential method for rapid identification of hundreds of pathogens, in an unbiased manner, with a single test that could significantly benefit patients who are critically ill with undiagnosed disease.
Research on Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Cr-Based Hard Coatings
Authors: Shi Bai Jun , Peng Yuan Ping , Wu Si Chi , Li Hang
Published: September 2013

In this paper, three kinds of Cr-based hard coatings have been studied for its structural, mechanical and tribological properties at room temperature. By the technology of closed field unbalanced magnetron sputter ion plating (CFUMSIP), CrN CrAlN and CrTiAlN hard coatings were deposited onto DC53 cold die steel and silicon (100) substrate. The coatings were characterized by means of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), microhardness tester, optical microscope and ball-on-disc tribometer, in order to check their structural, as well as to determine the mechanical and tribological properties. The experimental results showed that the CrTiAlN coating performed better than the CrN coating and the CrAlN coating in terms of mechanical and tribological properties. The wear resistances of CrN, CrAlN and CrTiAlN coatings have been significantly improved compared with DC53 steel substrate.
Geometrical Structure of Carbon Nanotubes with Alternation Pattern
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc Hieu , Le Van Hung
Published: September 2013

In this paper we consider the geometrical structure of carbon nanotubes with artificially inplanebond alternation. The quinoid and the Kekule structures of carbon nanotubes with two differentbond lengths are fully described for various symmetries, including chiral and achiral carbon nanotubes.Consideration of the geometrical structure or the atomic structure is the first step for studies of carbonnanotubes with dimerization structures.
Electron Beam Welding of Duplex Stainless Steel with Regulated Heat Input
Authors: Bárta Jozef , Bártová Katarína , Schwarz Ladislav , Krampoťák Peter
Published: September 2013

This paper analyses the current state of welding duplex stainless steel (DSS). Despite of well-known procedures of welding DSS by standard methods, nowadays modern technologies brings several issues. Electron beam welding showed the problems with achieving the similar phase composition to base metal. By changing the focusing distance and using the post-heating it was possible to bring extra heat input to weld joint what promoted the creation of austenite. Post-heating was performed by additional electron beam pass. By modification of welding procedure it was possible to obtain the phase composition very similar to base metal.
Effects of Sudden Breakage of Hangers on Suspension Bridge
Authors: Qiu Wen Liang , Jiang Meng , Zhang Zhe
Published: September 2013

Hangers are the critical elements supporting stiffening girder in suspension bridge. The hangers probably break suddenly in service for the reasons of corrosion, fatigue or traffic accident. Because the hangers are anchored to the main cable, the sudden breakage of hanger causes strong vibration of main cable, and the vibration may damage some of the elements of the bridge. Using nonlinear dynamic analysis methods and adopting 3D finite element model, the responses of a suspension bridge to sudden breakage of hangers are studied in this paper. The results show that the sudden breakage of hanger has significant effects on tensions of the hangers adjacent to the broken hanger, the maximum tension of hanger produced by breakage of a hanger exceeds 2.2 times of its initial value, and the tensions of other hangers far away from the broken hanger are affected little. The breakage of a single hanger causes very large torsion moments of girder and reactions of bearings, but it has little effects on the tensions of main cable and moments of tower.
Cellulose-Based Biodegradable Packaging Materials of Antimicrobial
Authors: Wang Ju Wei
Published: September 2013

In recent years, with the requirements of environmental protection of packaging materials improve, biodegradable antibacterial materials more and more attention to. This paper to can hair sex polystyrene as main raw materials, and by the synthesis of biodegradable bacteriostasis of study on the properties of packaging materials. The results shows that can hair sex polystyrene as the main raw material made by injection molding process thickness of 0.25 mm plate, and influence factors of sheet material performance, get the film material performance is the ideal process parameters. According to People's Republic of China national standard GB/T1040-92"plastic tensile properties test method" and GB/T20197-2006"degradable plastics the definition, classification, signs and degrade the performance requirements," as determined by the experimental method for testing. The orthogonal experiment results show that can hair sex polystyrene usage: 6 g; Microcrystalline cellulose usage: 0.2g; The antibacterial agent type: silver nanotio2 in the system performance and degrade the performance of the material mechanics and antibacterial good performance.
Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Sugarcane
Authors: Džugan Jan , Maresova Martina , Podany Pavel
Published: September 2013

New design of a sugarcane shredder is being performed within a research project. This kind of equipment used to be traditionally designed on the basis experiences up to recent time. With increasing demand for the material economic utilization and reliable service, new material optimized design of shredders is required. In order to be able to perform qualified design and material optimization, service conditions has to be known.
The paper is dealing with determination of sugarcane mechanical properties under dynamic loading, as the shredding process is performed at high velocities in the range of several meters per second. The mechanical properties of the sugarcane are going to be subsequently used for calculation of in operation loading on shredder components in the further steps.
Measurement of the Sound Field Radiated from Submerged Structure by Continuous Scanning
Authors: Zhang Chao , Shang De Jiang , Li Qi
Published: September 2013

Distinguished from the conventional discrete-point measurement, a continuous scanning measurement method of the sound field radiated from submerged structure is proposed. By rotating the structure uniformly and continuously, the pressure signals were recorded by the hydrophones array that was located in the far field. The signals were analyzed by Fourier transform respectively, and the sound field information could be obtained by the further derivation. By using the continuous scanning measurement, the spectrum broadening phenomenon was observed and analyzed. And then the point sound source field simulation and the sound power measurement experiment were carried out to prove the reliability of this method. The results show that, compared with the conventional discrete-point measurement, the continuous scanning measurement can acquire more information in less measurement time, and reduce the measurement work greatly under good measurement accuracy.
A Variable-Step LMS Algorithm Based on the Adaptive Noise Cancellation
Authors: Mo Jing , He Wei , Han Ruo Yan , Wu Jing Wei , Su Dan
Published: September 2013

A variable step long LMS algorithm based on Bessel function was put forward, which established the functional relationship between the step size factor and the error signal. And this algorithm would be applied to the adaptive noise canceller in order to improve the ability of the algorithm of uncorrelated noise suppression. This algorithm has a larger step-size during initial convergence stage or unknown system parameters change in order to get a faster convergence time and tracking speed. Moreover, and it adjusts small step-size to achieve a very small steady-state maladjustment noise after the convergence of the algorithm.
A Face Detection Algorithm in Color Image Based on Skin Color Segmentation
Authors: Lei Shi
Published: September 2013

Aiming at color images under complex background, this paper put forward a face detection algorithm based on skin color segmentation, combining the geometric characteristics. The skin region can be obtained by using skin color model and OTSU method to automatically optimize threshold segmentation image. By analyzing the characteristics of skin color region, the face position is determined by criterion of ellipse area.
Evaluation of Electrochemical Characteristics for Casted AC7AV Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Kim Seong Jong , Park Jae Cheul , Jang Seok Ki
Published: September 2013

The Al alloy is environmental friendly, easy to recycle, and provides a high added value to fishing boats. Aluminum alloy do not corrode due to the formation of an anticorrosive passive film, such as Al2O3or Al2O33H2O, which resists corrosion in neutral solution. In seawater, however, Cl-ions destroy this passive film. We investigated on several electrochemical tests undertaken to determine the optimum conditions in seawater for corrosion protection of casted AC7AV aluminum alloy. The components of casted AC7AV aluminum alloy are similar with Al-Mg alloys (5xxx series) which are used for ship. Result of electochemical experiment, the optimum protection potential range with regards to hydrogen embrittlement and stress corrosion cracking was determined to lie between-1.3 and-0.7 V(vs Ag/AgCl).
Based on IDRISI Land-Use Types of Remote Sensing Images Tropical Island of Hainan Island of Research
Authors: Zhang Kun , Wang Hai Feng , Li Zhuang
Published: September 2013

Study on type vector utilization for unique tropical island land, the distribution of land type image unique Tropical Island. Spectral study through the extraction ratio, using the IDRISI remote sensing image information processing technology, for the first time, comparative study between the tropical island of Hainan Island land and other areas of our country to use.
New Similarity Measures between Vague Sets and Performance Analysis
Authors: Wang Hong Xu , Wang Hai Feng , Zhang Kun , Wang Hui
Published: September 2013

In order to amend the defects of existing similarity measure formula between vague sets, a new definition of similarity measure between vague sets is proposed and a new formula with higher resolution and highlighted uncertainty is presented on the basis of data mining vague value method. A general fault diagnosis method of Vague sets (GFDMVS) is proposed. The same practical case is studied with three methods and the results demonstrate the validity and reasonability of the method proposed in this paper.
The Design of Temperature and Humidity Control System of Fresh-Keeping Storage Based on Fuzzy PID Inference Algorithm
Authors: Li Pei Qing , He Jie , Fan Chen Hao , Wu De Hua
Published: September 2013

At present, the preservation methods of fresh fruits and vegetables to be stored are mainly to cold storage in our country, so the lowed temperature would tend to undermine the inside nutritional ingredient of the fruits and vegetables, and the perishable and other shortcomings. In order to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional fresh-keeping storage, we developed a control system based on fuzzy PID (Proportion Integration Differentiation) inference algorithm for temperature and humidity. Fuzzy PID inference algorithm, by changing the parameters of fuzzy control rule table and adjust the PID system, can adapt to the different requirements of fruits and vegetables in different periods of storage. The experimental result and matlab/simulink simulation show that this method has high precision and rapid responses. It can meet the demand of temperature and humidity control through Fresh-keeping Storage and achieve control precision of 0.4°C and less than ±3%RH for temperature and relative humidity in practical application, respectively.
A New Ray Casting Algorithm Based on an Adjustable Threshold and Error Controlling
Authors: Ji Dong Hai , Peng Yan Jun , Wang Wen Juan
Published: September 2013

Volume rendering is an important visualization technique that can accurately display the interior information of data. The Ray-casting algorithm is simple and easy to realize, which often apply to area needs high quality resulting image. The new algorithm in this paper uses a spherical bounding box to remove useless rays, an adjustable threshold to skip the empty voxels and avoid unnecessary interpolation computing. To further accelerate the rendering speed, an adjustable error is set to change interpolation types. Experiment proves that the new algorithm effectively accelerates the rendering speed and guarantees the rendering quality.
Context-Aware Framework for the Support of User Services
Authors: Jeong Hoon , Do Ha Na , Choi Eui In
Published: September 2013

The development of mobile devices and the spread of wireless network help share and exchange information and resources more easily. Therefore users are able to use the information and service more free than previous wire network due to development of wireless network and device. In order to provide appropriate user services, it enables to recognize users current state, analyze the users profile like users tendency and preference, and draw the service answering the users request. Most existing frameworks, however, are not very suitable for mobile devices because they were proposed on the web-based. And other context information except location information among users context information is not much considered. Therefore, this paper proposed the context-aware framework, which provides more suitable services by using users context and profile.
Inventory System Design by Fuzzy Logic Control: A Case Study
Authors: Aengchuan Prasert , Phruksaphanrat Busaba
Published: September 2013

Existing inventory lot-sizing models assume certain demand and sufficient supply, which are not practical for industry. Dynamic inventory models can serve uncertain demand, but supply is assumed to be available. However, in the real world situation, supply is not always offered. So, the method that can deal with both uncertain demand and supply should be developed. Fuzzy logic control is now being the effective methodology in many applications under uncertainty. Therefore, a fuzzy logic approach for solving the problem of inventory control under uncertainty was proposed for a case study factory. In the proposed Fuzzy Inventory System (FIS), both demand and availability of supply are described by linguistic terms. Then, the developed fuzzy rules are used to extract the fuzzy order quantity and the fuzzy reorder point continuously. The order quantity and reorder point are both adjusted according to the FIS system. In this research, the suitable ranges for the inputs of the FIS model are justified for the case study factory. Moreover, the effect of trend demands for both increase and decrease are also analyzed with the proposed range. Inventory costs of the proposed fuzzy inventory system are compared with the existing model based on historical data of the case study factory. It found that the proposed range can obtain lower cost than the previous research FIS lot-sizing model, which is better than conventional approaches.
The Summary of the Fault Location in Distribution Network
Authors: Ma You Jie , Jin Pan Long , Zhou Xue Song
Published: September 2013

Various fault location methods for distribution network at home and abroad are summarized. According to the fault type,the location methods for short circuit fault and earthed fault are introduced. And the basic theories, characteristics, improvement and applications of the representative methods are analyzed. The main problems in the applications of these methods are analyzed. In view of these questions, users requirements and the development of distribution network, the improvement and research about fault location technical are proposed preliminarily.
The Calculation of Eddy Current Transducers for Cylindrical Products
Authors: Hao Kai Yu , Miroshnikov Vadim
Published: September 2013

A calculating model is proposed to determinate the extended products with surface transducer. The expressions depending on the curvature of cylindrical product and the distance between transducer and surface of product are derived.