bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Approximate Bayesian Bootstrap procedures to estimate multilevel treatment effects in observational studies with application to type 2 diabetes treatment regimens
Authors: Scotina Anthony D , Zullo Andrew R , Smith Robert J , Gutman Roee
Published: June 2020

Randomized clinical trials are considered as the gold standard for estimating causal effects. Nevertheless, in studies that are aimed at examining adverse effects of interventions, randomized trials are often impractical because of ethical and financial considerations. In observational studies, matching on the generalized propensity scores was proposed as a possible solution to estimate the treatment effects of multiple interventions. However, the derivation of point and interval estimates for these matching procedures can become complex with non-continuous or censored outcomes. We propose a novel Approximate Bayesian Bootstrap algorithm that results in statistically valid point and interval estimates of the treatment effects with categorical outcomes. The procedure relies on the estimated generalized propensity scores and multiply imputes the unobserved potential outcomes for each unit. In addition, we describe a corresponding interpretable sensitivity analysis to examine the unconfoundedness assumption. We apply this approach to examine the cardiovascular safety of common, real-world anti-diabetic treatment regimens for type 2 diabetes mellitus in a large observational database.
Quantitative electron tomography of polylactic acid/clay nanocomposites for better comprehension of processing–microstructure–elastic modulus
Authors: Iturrondobeitia Maider , Ibarretxe Julen , Jimbert Pello , Fernandez-Martínez Roberto
Published: June 2020

The objective of performing transmission electron microscopy (TEM) tomography (TEMT) on poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/clay samples is to characterize their 3D microstructure by obtaining the dispersion distribution and orientation of the dimensions of the clays. This information cannot be elucidated from a qualitative TEM analysis or from conventional characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction. The nanocomposites are obtained by mixing PLA with Cloisite 20A and 30B at different extrusion shear rates which have been analyzed in 3D. Quantitative TEMT is performed to all the nanocomposites and the resulting 3D quantitative characterization (geometry of clay particles misalignment degree and distribution) is used for a more realistic comprehension of the mechanical behavior of the nanocomposites.
Superabsorbent polymer composites derived from polyacrylic acid: Design and synthesis, characterization, and swelling capacities
Authors: Jafari Marzieh , Najafi Gholam Reza , Sharif Mahboubeh A , Elyasi Zahra
Published: June 2020

Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) were synthesized by aqueous solution polymerization of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/acrylic acid (AAc) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/AAc blend using benzoyl peroxide as an initiator. SAPs were synthesized by a facile method under mild conditions. A comparative study was done between CMC/AAc as a biodegradable superabsorbent and PVA/AAc copolymer. The effects of cross-linking, reaction time, temperature, and initiator molar ratio on water absorbency were studied herein. The highest swelling capacity was obtained for CMC/AAc biodegradable superabsorbent composite. The water absorption capacity of SAPs increased with increases in benzoyl peroxide content, immersion time, and reaction temperature of polymerization. The gel fraction of SAPs decreased with increases in the amounts of N, N′-methylenebisacrylamide as a cross-linker. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used to examine the molecular interactions. The morphology and structure of superabsorbent composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy.
Morphological studies on renewable castor oil-based nanocomposites with modified clay and MWCNTs as fillers
Authors: Mogha Anupama , Kaushik Anupama
Published: June 2020

This research presents an analysis of castor oil-based polymer nanocomposites that can be used for numerous commercial applications. Due to the versatile chemical structure of castor oil, it can replace the petrochemical products and hence can be optimized as nontoxic bioresource for the production of nanocomposites with the incorporation of nanofillers in small quantities. It can be directly used as polyol resource without any chemical alteration for synthesis of polyurethane (PU) nanocomposites. The prepared PU nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, wide angle X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and mechanical properties. The compositional and structural studies indicate the formation of PU linkages and well dispersion of clay and multiwalled carbon nanotubes between the polymer–nanofiller phase, as shown by the morphological analysis using TEM. Also, there is an increase in the tensile strength and Young’s modulus values with the increase in the filler content.
Comparison of the effect of poly(N-vinyl caprolactam) and poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) trimers on the stability of hydrated Na-montmorillonite: A molecular dynamics study
Authors: Xu Jiafang , Camara Moussa , Liao Hualin , Guo Hong , Kra Kouassi Louis , Liu Jinxiang
Published: June 2020

In the present study, we performed a molecular dynamics simulation of the intercalation of poly( N-isopropyl acrylamide) (NIPAM)3 and poly( N-vinyl caprolactam) (NVCL)3 trimers into Na-montmorillonite (Na-Mt) to evaluate their effects on the interlayer structure and the stability of hydrated Na-Mt. The impact of both trimers on the interlayer species and their dynamics properties at different temperatures in a canonical ensemble (NVT) were investigated. The results showed that the electrostatic forces exerted by Na cations on H2O molecules and the interlayer H2O molecular arrangement are not affected by the rise in temperature after adding both trimers. Trimer addition reinforced the structure of interlayer H2O molecules so that the effect of temperature increase on them became negligible. The structural dynamics evolution of the radius of gyration of both trimers showed the existence of conformation changes when temperature increased. These conformational changes are more complex in the case of (NVCL)3 than (NIPAM)3 due to its large monomers. Both trimers reduced the mobility of interlayer particles with a better inhibition effect obtained for (NVCL)3 compared to (NIPAM)3. The concentration profile of interlayers’ species showed the affinity of Na cations for clay mineral surfaces while H2O molecules moved away. Compared these two trimers, the most stable state of Na-Mt is achieved with (NVCL)3. These results could help highlight the inhibition properties of (NIPAM)3 and (NVCL)3 on hydrated Na-Mt and to predict its stability against changes in environmental conditions.
Growth and Convergence of Social Sectors’ Expenditure in Indian States: Upshots from Neoclassical Growth and Panel Unit Roots Models
Authors: Das Ramesh Chandra , Ivaldi Enrico
Published: June 2020

In a world of having large part suffering from the inadequacies of basic needs and inter-class and inter-regional income disparities, investing upon the development of different social sectors from the state exchequers have been one of the top agendas of the policymakers. It is not a different issue for the states and provinces of the developing countries like India. Besides having positive roles on economic betterment, spending on social expenditures sometimes work in favour of the ruling political parties to gain confidence from the voters. The states thus compete in this area. Under this background, the present study attempts to examine whether the states of India are converging in social sector’s expenditure for the period 1980–81 to 2017–18. Applying the neoclassical growth and panel unit roots models the study observes unambiguously that there are absolute and conditional β convergence and σ convergence in per capita social expenditure among the states.

JEL Classification: H72, O470, C23, O530
Label-free proteomics reveals serum proteins whose levels differ between pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients with short or long survival
Authors: Holm Matilda , Saraswat Mayank , Joenväärä Sakari , Seppänen Hanna , Renkonen Risto , Haglund Caj
Published: June 2020

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the most common and aggressive type of pancreatic cancer, with a 5-year survival rate that is less than 10%. New biomarkers to aid in predicting the prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients are needed. Previous proteomic studies have to a great extent focused on finding proteins of value for the diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. There is a lack of studies that have profiled the serum or plasma proteome in order to discover candidates for new prognostic biomarkers. In this study, we have used ultra-performance liquid chromatography–ultra-definition mass spectrometry to analyze the serum samples of 21 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients with short or long survival. Statistical analysis discovered 31 proteins whose expression differed significantly between pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients with short or long survival. Pathway analysis discovered multiple canonical pathways enriched in this data set, with several pathways having roles in inflammation and lipid metabolism. The serum proteins identified here, which include complement components and several enzymes, could be of value as candidates for new noninvasive prognostic markers.
New Zealand community mental healthcare provider experience in schizophrenia management with 3-monthly paliperidone palmitate
Authors: Cassidy Cathal , Miles Wayne
Published: June 2020

Objectives:

To understand the impact of 3-monthly treatment with paliperidone palmitate on patient management, including non-adherence and relapse, from a psychiatrist and nurse perspective for 73 patients enrolled in a patient familiarisation programme (PFP) in New Zealand.

Methods:

An online questionnaire was sent to clinicians with at least 6 months of regular interaction with PFP patients. Questions addressed treatment effectiveness and patient management changes. Analyses are descriptive only and do not represent patient or carer perspectives.

Results:

Seven psychiatrists, representing 58 of 73 (79.5%) of patients, and 17 nurses responded to the survey. Psychiatrists were satisfied with efficacy and tolerability and relapse prevention. Treatment goals were either ‘met’ (2/7; 28.6%) or ‘exceeded’ (5/7; 71.4%). The focus on adherence issues decreased and the focus on life areas and recovery goals increased.

Conclusions:

From the clinician perspective, 3-monthly paliperidone palmitate offers patients the potential to remain adherent and improve social functioning.
When should we image our patients? Appropriate use of imaging in inpatient psychiatry
Authors: Forbes Malcolm , Somasundaram Arjuna , Jagadheesan Karuppiah , Stuckey Stephen
Published: June 2020

Objective:

Injudicious use of medical imaging may be associated with harm to patients and increased downstream healthcare costs. Guidance on the use of imaging in common psychiatric inpatient scenarios is inconsistent or absent. This paper explores three common clinical scenarios facing adult psychiatrists and provides guidance about the appropriate use of imaging.

Conclusion:

Psychiatrists and their junior colleagues would benefit from considering both pre- and post-test probability in each presentation.
Moving beyond the descriptive in psychotherapy research
Authors: Kisely Steve
Published: June 2020

There are challenges to conducting randomised controlled trials in psychotherapy. This article therefore discusses methodological advances in applying this design to the field. The application of evidence-based practice to psychotherapy means that people with psychological problems, clinicians, health services and any third-party payers can confidently choose from a range of effective treatments that are best suited to an individual’s needs.
Museums as an Avenue for Enhancing Engagement and Educational Outcomes for Underserved Students
Authors: Elswick Susan , Delavega Elena
Published: June 2020

Museums are the places where we hold treasures for display and study and where learning on a broad range of subjects can occur. However, for many marginalized populations, museums feel off-limits and inaccessible. There is evidence and research to support that exposing “at-risk” youth to programming within museums has a positive and lasting effect across multiple life domains. This article will review one specific museum-based pilot program as an intervention for improving outcomes for “at-risk” youth across domains of self-efficacy and knowledge in the field of science and education. Outcomes as well as recommendations for future replications will be shared.
The Efficacy of a Single Session of 20-Minute Mindful Breathing in Reducing Dyspnea Among Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ng Diana Leh-Ching , Chai Chee-Shee , Tan Kok-Leng , Chee Kok-Han , Tung Yu-Zhen , Wai Suet-Yen , Teo Wei-Ting Joyce , Ang Bin-Ting , Lim Min-Ai , Tan Seng-Beng
Published: June 2020

Heart failure is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Standard treatment for heart failure includes pharmacotherapy and cardiac device implants. However, supportive approaches in managing dyspnea in heart failure are limited. This study aimed to test the efficacy of 20-minute mindful breathing in reducing dyspnea among patients admitted for acute decompensated heart failure. We conducted a parallel-group, non-blinded, randomized controlled trial of a single session of 20-minute mindful breathing plus standard care versus standard care alone among patients admitted for moderate to severe dyspnea due to acute decompensated heart failure, using the dyspnea score based on the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS), at the Cardiology Unit of University Malaya Medical Centre in Malaysia. Thirty participants were randomly assigned to a single session of 20-minute mindful breathing plus standard care (n = 15) or standard care alone (n = 15), with no difference in their demographic and clinical characteristics. There was statistically significant reduction in dyspnea in the intervention group compared to the control group at minute 20 (U = 49.5, n1 = 15, n2 =15, median reduction in ESAS dyspnea score 1 = 2, median reduction in ESAS dyspnea score 2 = 0, mean rank 1 = 11.30, mean rank 2 = 19.70, z = −2.692, r = 0.4, P = 0.007). Our results provided evidence that a single session of 20-minute mindful breathing was efficacious in reducing dyspnea for patients admitted for acute decompensated heart failure.
Exploring Family Caregiver Communication Difficulties and Caregiver Quality of Life and Anxiety
Authors: Wittenberg Elaine , Kerr Anna M. , Goldsmith Joy
Published: June 2020

Background:

When family caregivers are involved in patient care, both patients and caregivers experience better clinical outcomes. However, caregivers experience communication difficulties as they navigate a complex health care system and interact with health care providers. Research indicates that caregivers experience a communication burden that can result in topic avoidance and distress; however, little is known about how burden stemming from communication difficulties with health care providers relates to caregiving outcomes.

Objectives:

To investigate how family caregiver communication difficulties with health care providers influence caregiver quality of life and anxiety.

Methods:

Data were collected in a cross-sectional online survey of 220 caregivers with communication difficulties resulting from caregiver avoidance of caregiving-related topics, inadequate reading and question-asking health literacy, and low communication self-efficacy.

Results:

Caregiver outcomes were not affected by reading health literacy level but did differ based on question-asking health literacy level. Adequate question-asking health literacy was associated with lower anxiety and a higher quality of life. Caregivers who avoided discussing caregiving topics reported higher anxiety and lower quality of life and caregivers with increased communication self-efficacy reported a higher quality of life.

Conclusion:

Involvement of family caregivers in care is likely to require tailored approaches that address caregiver communication and health literacy skills. Findings from this study suggest that hospice and palliative care providers should identify and provide support for caregiver communication difficulties in order to positively influence caregiver quality of life and anxiety.
Making Management (More) Relevant: Breaking Down Disciplinary Walls and Pursuing Neglected Independent Variables
Authors: Abzug Rikki , Adewale Adeyinka , André Rae , Derfus Pamela , Hedges Peggy , Shymko Yuliya
Published: June 2020

The Walls Project encourages educators to broaden management teaching beyond individual and organizational variables and outcomes to systemic variables and outcomes. Its focus is on discovering independent variables that have social and environmental impacts and are currently neglected. Founded by six individuals who met at a RMLE UnConference in 2017, the Project decided to share pedagogical materials, examine them for commonalities, and present their findings at the MOBTC conference in 2019. This article summarizes these materials with an eye to revealing several variables of consequence, such as socioeconomic status and belief in economic growth, which are studied and taught infrequently in business schools. We suggest that researchers examine business curricula for similar neglected variables, study their impact across systems levels, and then develop them pedagogically to enhance management education that has a social and environmental impact.
Experiences of LGBTQ+ Students in Music Education Programs Across Texas
Authors: Taylor Donald M. , Talbot Brent C. , Holmes Edward J. , Petrie Trent
Published: June 2020

We examined the experiences of 95 lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) music education majors, along with 39 heterosexual allies, who were student members of the Texas Music Educators Association. Participants addressed curricular practices and institutional factors that lend themselves to LGBTQ+ inclusion and safety among students, faculty, and staff. We collected data through an anonymous online survey, which included questions related to LGBTQ+ students’ experiences in their programs and across campuses. Five students participated in follow-up interviews designed to provide more in-depth information about their classroom experiences and campus-level actions taken to promote systemic change. Through multivariate analyses, as well as content analysis of the qualitative data, we found that although preservice music teachers in Texas feel accepted and supported in their music teacher education programs, they are entering the field feeling underprepared to address LGBTQ+ issues and support students who identify as such.
She Persisted: Gender, Electoral Loss, and the Decision to Run Again
Authors: Dolan Julie , Shah Paru
Published: June 2020

Losing elections is a political reality for most candidates. While much fanfare was made of the historic number of women who won in 2018, three times as many women ran and lost. And although we know much about the reasons that motivate women to run in the first, far less is known about the decision-making processes of women who lose and run again. How do women who were once motivated rebound for another campaign and election? We address this question, working with a unique, exploratory data set of interviews with women who ran for Congress in 2018 and lost. Our analysis offers some important insights on how women who rebound think about their loss, and their decision-making processes. We find compelling evidence that women’s paths to office continue to differ from men’s, reminding us of the shortcomings of a one-size-fits-all model for candidate emergence or reemergence. We conclude with the foundation of a gendered theory of electoral persistence.
Tolerability of pemetrexed and oxaliplatin in the treatment of stage III colon cancer during raltitrexed shortage
Authors: Giani Jasmine , Sawyer Michael B , Chambers Carole
Published: June 2020

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies diagnosed in Canada. Currently, adjuvant colorectal cancer treatment primarily includes chemotherapeutic regimens such as FOLFOX6 (5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin) or CAPOX (capecitabine, oxaliplatin), as well as alternative regimens such as TOMOX (raltitrexed, oxaliplatin). However, the prevalence of drug shortages in today’s society may make these preferred regimens inaccessible. The purpose of this case report is to highlight the tolerability of an alternative adjuvant regimen (pemetrexed plus oxaliplatin) that has undergone both phase I and II clinical trials for the treatment of colorectal cancer. The patient presented in this case report is a 57-year-old female diagnosed with Stage III colon cancer. This patient received seven cycles of pemetrexed plus oxaliplatin and experienced several adverse events, with the majority of them being mild in nature including fatigue and cold dysesthesia. However, the patient also experienced progressive neuropathy which required a dose reduction and subsequent discontinuation of oxaliplatin. Overall, pemetrexed and oxaliplatin’s tolerability seems comparable to other regimens used to treat colorectal cancer and could potentially be an option to consider in the future for alternative treatment of colorectal cancer pending further trials.
Examining the Validity of Traffic Stop Data: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Police Officer Compliance
Authors: Chanin Joshua , Welsh Megan
Published: June 2020

Police departments rely on administrative rules to set organizational priorities and establish systems of accountability. To that end, several departments require officers to submit data describing every traffic stop they conduct as a way of tracking officer activity and identifying any race-based disparities. This paper draws on an analysis of San Diego Police Department traffic stop records, as well as officer survey and interview data, to examine the validity of the traffic stop data gathered and the compliance-related motivations of officers. Findings indicate a 19 percent error rate in stop data submitted between 2014 and 2015, amidst evidence of substantial underreporting. Qualitative data suggest that officers see the policy as redundant and an infringement on more pressing aspects of their job. They doubt the ability of external stakeholders to interpret the data objectively and report a loss of morale, largely attributed to the perception that their actions are inaccurately racialized.
Four-year outcomes of aflibercept treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: Results from real-life setting
Authors: Lukic Marko , Eleftheriadou Maria , Hamilton Robin D , Rajendram Ranjan , Bucan Kajo , Patel Praveen J
Published: June 2020

Background:

To assess long-term structural and functional outcomes of intravitreal aflibercept (Eylea®) treatment for neovascular macular degeneration (nAMD) in a real-word setting.

Design and methods:

This was a retrospective, single-centre, non-randomized interventional cohort analysis. Data from treatment-naive patients with nAMD funded for treatment with intravitreal aflibercept in the period between 1 September 2013 and 28 February 2014 and who finished 4-year follow-up entered the analysis. Epidemiological data, visual acuity (VA) measured on ETDRS charts and injection numbers were recorded. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) data including presence or absence of macular fluid and automated central subfield macular thickness (CSMT) at year 1, 2, 3 and 4 were also recorded.

Results:

Ninety-four eyes of 89 patients finished 4-year follow-up. The mean number of aflibercept injections received over 4 years was 19.3. At baseline, the mean VA (SD) (Snellen) was 54.1 ± 15.5 (20/100) ETDRS letters whilst the mean CSM (SD) was 296 ± 81 µm. At 4 years, the mean VA (SD) (Snellen) was 60.4 ± 20.0 (20/63) ETDRS letters ( p < 0.0001). Mean CSMT (SD) was 218 ± 79 μm ( p < 0.0001). Thirty-three percent of eyes gained ⩾15 ETDRS letters at end of 4 years, and 66 (70%) eyes had no macular fluid at the end of the follow-up.

Conclusion and relevance:

The results suggest that good long-term morphological and functional treatment outcomes can be achieved using intravitreal aflibercept for nAMD in a real-life clinical setting.
Heterogeneity in the conceptions of intelligence of university teaching staff
Authors: Matias-Garcia Jose Antonio , Cubero-Pérez Rosario
Published: June 2020

Using Cultural Psychology as a framework, this research project aims to measure and analyze the heterogeneity of university teachers’ conceptions of intelligence. To this end, we have developed a new method of analysis: Heterogeneity by Contradiction Analysis (HCA). We conducted semi-structured interviews with 20 university teachers, presenting them with a series of short cases or vignettes depicting different facets of intelligence. Based on the discourse elicited, we first created a category system. Then, we pre-defined a series of possible contradictions among pairs of categories. Using these pre-defined contradictions, a systematic sampling of theoretical contradictions could be obtained from the discourse. Finally, a researcher reviewed these sampled contradictions in order to find and code real contradictions, which were later analyzed. 85% of all participants presented at least some heterogeneity in their discourse by expressing an idea and its opposite in different parts of the interview. The content of the discourse and its context are analyzed in the expression of heterogeneity, which yields future implications for research, intervention, and teacher training.
Playing with meaning: Productive frictions between gaming and dancing in Bound
Authors: Mattingly Kate
Published: June 2020

Research into gaming and dancing has tended to highlight educational benefits, such as positive effects on problem-solving, creativity, and motivation (Hutton E and Sundar S, 2010. Can video games enhance creativity? Effects of emotion generated by Dance Dance Revolution. Creativity Research Journal 22(3): 294–303.). This article focuses on a game called Bound (2016), developed by Plastic Studios for PlayStation 4 and VR, to show how dancing can be defined as an embodied epistemology and a form of creative exploration that contributes to emotional intelligence. Using methodologies generated by Brendan Keogh, I show how and why dominant understandings of gameplay are insufficient to analyze the experience and meaning produced by playing Bound. Keogh’s theories are relevant to both game studies and dance studies and allow us to examine the fruitful intersections of game studies and screendance. Ultimately I introduce ‘choreographic thinking’ as a mode of engagement that is activated by gameplay and that resonates with Keogh’s theories: by calling attention to the choreographic potential of Bound, I demonstrate the value of noncompetitive gaming models for producing embodied knowledge.
Association of teledermatology workflows with standardising co-management of rashes by primary care physicians and dermatologists
Authors: Dusendang Jennifer R , Marwaha Sangeeta , Alexeeff Stacey E , Crowley Eileen , Haiman Michael , Pham Ngoc , Tuerk Melanie J , Wudka Danny , Hartmann Michael , Herrinton Lisa J
Published: June 2020

Introduction

For patients with a rash, the effect of teledermatology workflow on utilization has not been defined. We compared utilization across four teledermatology workflows in patients with a rash.

Methods

The observational longitudinal cohort study included 28,857 Kaiser Permanente Northern California members with a new rash diagnosis seen in primary care and with dermatology advice obtained using teledermatology. The workflows differed in camera and image quality; who took the picture; how the image was forwarded; and synchronicity and convenience.

Results

On average, 23% of patients had a follow-up office visit in dermatology within 90 days of their primary care visit. In multivariable analysis, the four technologies differed substantially in the likelihood of a follow-up dermatology office visit. In contrast, the likelihood was only negligibly related to medical centre or primary care provider.

Discussion

Technologies and workflows that offer the mobility of a smartphone with a high level of synchronicity in communication were associated with standardised co-management of rashes.
Confusion threshold study of the Duffing oscillator with a nonlinear fractional damping term
Authors: Mei-Qi Wang , Wen-Li Ma , En-Li Chen , Shao-Pu Yang , Yu-Jian Chang , Zhang Wanjie
Published: June 2020

In this study, the critical conditions for generating chaos in a Duffing oscillator with nonlinear damping and fractional derivative are investigated. The Melnikov function of the Duffing oscillator is established based on Melnikov theory. The necessary analytical conditions and critical value curves of chaotic motion in the sense of Smale horseshoe are obtained. The numerical solutions of chaotic motion, including time history diagram, frequency spectrum diagram, phase diagram, and Poincare map, are studied. The correctness of the analytical solution is verified through a comparison of numerical and analytical calculations. The effects of linear and nonlinear parameters on chaotic motion are also analyzed. These results are relevant to the study of system dynamics.
Learning reference governor for cycle-to-cycle combustion control with misfire avoidance in spark-ignition engines at high exhaust gas recirculation–diluted conditions
Authors: Maldonado Bryan P , Li Nan , Kolmanovsky Ilya , Stefanopoulou Anna G
Published: June 2020

Cycle-to-cycle feedback control is employed to achieve optimal combustion phasing while maintaining high levels of exhaust gas recirculation by adjusting the spark advance and the exhaust gas recirculation valve position. The control development is based on a control-oriented model that captures the effects of throttle position, exhaust gas recirculation valve position, and spark timing on the combustion phasing. Under the assumption that in-cylinder pressure information is available, an adaptive extended Kalman filter approach is used to estimate the exhaust gas recirculation rate into the intake manifold based on combustion phasing measurements. The estimation algorithm is adaptive since the cycle-to-cycle combustion variability (output covariance) is not known a priori and changes with operating conditions. A linear quadratic regulator controller is designed to maintain optimal combustion phasing while maximizing exhaust gas recirculation levels during load transients coming from throttle tip-in and tip-out commands from the driver. During throttle tip-outs, however, a combination of a high exhaust gas recirculation rate and an overly advanced spark, product of the dynamic response of the system, generates a sequence of misfire events. In this work, an explicit reference governor is used as an add-on scheme to the closed-loop system in order to avoid the violation of the misfire limit. The reference governor is enhanced with model-free learning which enables it to avoid misfires after a learning phase. Experimental results are reported which illustrate the potential of the proposed control strategy for achieving an optimal combustion process during highly diluted conditions for improving fuel efficiency.
The slow interview? Developing key principles and practices
Authors: Young Charlotte , Zubrzycki Joanna , Plath Debbie
Published: June 2020

Audio-recording an interview is often a taken-for-granted aspect of qualitative research. Alternative recording techniques are typically under-reported in the literature meaning that audio-recording interviews may be tacitly conceived as ‘best practice’. To address this gap, this article discusses the effectiveness and suitability of the slow interview recording technique by drawing on the empirical example of a qualitative study concerning African Australian health and wellbeing in Greater Melbourne. This article argues that ‘dialogue-based quality assurance’ is achieved during the slow interview by testing early interpretations with the participant/s as opposed to after the event via member checking of data. Furthermore, we discuss and contribute three foundational principles from whence a researcher may choose the slow interview, including aligning with social constructionism, qualitative validation strategies, and responsible researcher/participant relationships. We argue that while the slow interview is rooted in social constructionism as a theory of knowledge, the slow interview as ‘social practice’ may also facilitate the co-production of research by interpreting the data with the participant during the interview through ‘dialogue-based quality assurance’.
Decrease of peripheral resistance after intraoperative administration of iloprost in patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus and with peripheral arterial occlusive disease
Authors: Hirsch Kornelia , Säemann Marcus , Walter Corinna , Taher Fadi , Edda Skrinjar , Mlekusch Irene , Jäger Heidrun , Assadian Afshin , Falkensammer Jürgen
Published: June 2020

Background:

In many cases, Ilomedin® infusions are applied as part of a perioperative measure in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease because it makes a relevant vasodilatatory effect in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and with/without peripheral neuropathy.

Aims:

A prospective case–control study was performed to investigate the effect of prostanoids on peripheral resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and patients without type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as the role of peripheral neuropathy in patients undergoing arterial reconstruction.

Methods:

Sixty patients undergoing arterial reconstruction were enrolled. Sufficient data were collected on 38 patients. Prior to surgery, peripheral nerve conduction velocity was measured. Blood flow volume at the common femoral artery was assessed intraoperatively using a Doppler flowmeter at four time points: at baseline before arterial reconstruction (T0), after reconstruction (T1), after 5 (T2) and 10 min (T3) after intra-arterial application of 3000 ng of Ilomedin. Peripheral resistance units were calculated as a function of mean arterial pressure and flow volume using the following formula: peripheral resistance unit = mean arterial pressure (mm Hg) / flow volume (mL/min).

Results:

Ilomedin produced an immediate and significant drop of peripheral resistance in patients without type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients with peripheral neuropathy showed a less pronounced effect to Ilomedin compared to individuals with normal nerve conduction velocity.
Resilience of Emerging Adults After Adverse Childhood Experiences: A Qualitative Systematic Review
Authors: Leung Doris Y. L. , Chan Athena C. Y. , Ho Grace W. K.
Published: June 2020

Introduction:

Even as children experience adversity, they can become resilient adults, in large part due to their social supports as emerging adults.

Objective:

Authors examine constructs of social support applied to the concept of resilience among emerging adults having experienced adverse childhood experiences (ACE).

Method:

Authors conducted a meta-ethnography with six databases between January 1998 and October 2019. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (i) original peer-reviewed qualitative or mixed-method studies, (ii) sampling adults aged 18–35 years, (iii) reporting at least one ACE as defined by the World Health Organization, (iv) focused on resilience, and (v) in English. Data were collected from six electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsychINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar). Studies were appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program Qualitative Checklist. Analysis drew on Bourdieu’s constructs of capital following Noblit and Hare’s methods.

Results:

Thirteen studies of 277 emerging adults, aged 18–35 years old (mean 23 years), from six countries, reported resilience as “self-righting” appraisals. These were interdependent of their social supports and within a culturally determined sense of self-reliance. Self-reliance appeared to be a precursor shaping resilience of emerging adults with ACE. Self-reliance may deter self-compassion and, as a self-righting appraisal/capacity, may inhibit accessing social support.

Conclusion:

This review emphasizes the life stage of emerging adulthood regarding the development of self-righting appraisal skills, which, when enabled with reliance, others help to transform ACEs and allow resilience to grow.
Intergenerational Effect of Maternal Childhood Maltreatment on Next Generation’s Vulnerability to Psychopathology: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis
Authors: Su Yingying , D’Arcy Carl , Meng Xiangfei
Published: June 2020

Many studies have identified the multiple negative consequences of childhood maltreatment on subsequent mental health. However, research on the intergenerational effect of maternal childhood maltreatment has not been systematically synthesized. This meta-analysis aimed to provide a quantitative estimate of the intergenerational effect of maternal childhood maltreatment on their offspring’s psychopathology. Electronic databases and gray literature were searched for English-language prospective cohort studies. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed study quality with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. This review only included those studies with (1) maternal childhood maltreatment occurring prior to 18 years of age, (2) using a clear and reliable assessment for maltreatment exposure and offspring’s mental health problems prior to age 18. Random-effect models were used to calculate the pooled effect size of maternal childhood maltreatment on offspring’s psychopathology, and meta-regression was used to explore potential confounders. Twelve studies met eligibility criteria. Significant heterogeneity was found across selected studies. Maternal childhood maltreatment was found to have a small but significant effect on the offspring’s depression and internalizing behaviors ( r = .14, 95% confidence interval [.09, .19]). Two moderators were found, maternal depression and ethnicity. Maternal depression reduced the effect size of maternal maltreatment on offspring’s depression and internalizing disorders. The offspring of non-Caucasian mothers who had a history of childhood maltreatment faced a higher risk of mental health problems. There was no evidence of publication bias. This review provides robust evidence to reinforce the need for policies to reduce its occurrence, as it can influence not just one but two or possibly more generations.
Intravascular Ultrasound–Guided Interventions for Below-the-Knee Disease in Patients With Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia
Authors: Fujihara Masahiko , Yazu Yuko , Takahara Mitsuyoshi
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To assess the utility of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) during below-the-knee (BTK) interventions for patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). Materials and Methods: This retrospective single-center study included 216 symptomatic patients (mean age 74.2±9.5 years; 167 men) with CLTI and BTK steno-occlusive disease who underwent successful balloon angioplasty between January 2016 and August 2018. Data from 88 vessels (58 patients) treated with IVUS-guided procedures were compared with corresponding values from 242 vessels (158 patients) treated with angiography-guided procedures. The primary outcomes included procedure-related variables of balloon size, contrast dose, and complication rates, as well as changes in ankle-brachial index (ABI) and skin perfusion pressure (SPP). Secondary outcomes included IVUS determination of vessel size, wire route, and calcification severity, as well as technical success and clinically-driven target lesion revascularization (TLR), limb salvage, and wound healing rates in the Rutherford category 5/6 patients as evaluated by propensity score matching analysis. Results: The patient and lesion characteristics were similar in both groups. The mean balloon size for IVUS-guided procedures was significantly larger (2.45±0.4 mm) compared with that for angiography-guided procedures (2.23±0.4 mm; p<0.001). The technical success (p=0.56) and complication rates (p=0.16) were similar between the groups. The postprocedure dorsal and plantar SPP and change in dorsal SPP improved more in the IVUS-guided group (p<0.001, p=0.015, and p=0.02, respectively). The IVUS-guided group had a significantly better wound healing rate than the angiography-guided group (p=0.006), although the freedom from TLR and limb salvage rates were similar between the groups (p=0.16 and p>0.99, respectively). Conclusion: IVUS-guided interventions for BTK lesions were safe and effective in accurately assessing the lesions. The results suggest that IVUS guidance of endovascular procedures has the potential to influence better clinical outcomes than angiography-guided angioplasty.
Prognostic Significance of Aneurysm Sac Shrinkage After Endovascular Aneurysm Repair
Authors: Antoniou George A. , Alfahad Aws , Antoniou Stavros A. , Torella Francesco
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To investigate whether patients who develop aneurysm sac shrinkage following endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) have better outcomes than patients with a stable or increased aneurysm sac. Materials and Methods: The Healthcare Databases Advanced Search interface developed by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence was used to interrogate MEDLINE and EMBASE. Thesaurus headings were adapted accordingly. Case-control studies were identified comparing outcomes in patients demonstrating aneurysm sac shrinkage after EVAR with those of patients with a stable or expanded aneurysm sac. Pooled estimates of dichotomous outcome data were calculated using the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Meta-analysis of time-to-event data was conducted using the inverse-variance method; the results are reported as a summary hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI. Summary outcome estimates were calculated using random-effects models. Results: Eight studies were included in quantitative synthesis reporting a total of 17,096 patients (8518 patients with sac shrinkage and 8578 patients without sac shrinkage). The pooled incidence of sac shrinkage at 12 months was 48% (95% CI 40% to 56%). Patients with aneurysm sac shrinkage had a significantly lower hazard of death (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.87), secondary interventions (HR 0.42, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.62), and late complications (HR 0.37, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.56) than patients with a stable or increased aneurysm sac. Furthermore, their odds of rupture were significantly lower than those in patients without shrinkage (OR 0.09, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.36). Conclusion: Sac regression is correlated to improved survival and a reduced rate of secondary interventions and EVAR-related complications. The prognostic significance of sac regression should be considered in surveillance strategies. Intensified surveillance should be applied in patients who fail to achieve sac regression following EVAR.
Anatomical Analysis and Feasibility Study of Next-Generation Fenestrated or Branched Stent-Grafts for the Treatment of Arch Aneurysms
Authors: Fujimura Naoki , Ichihashi Shigeo , Motoki Manabu , Ohtsubo Satoshi , Kawauchi Yasushi , Kichikawa Kimihiko , Shimizu Hideyuki , Kato Masaaki
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To analyze the anatomical characteristics of arch aneurysms and evaluate the anatomical feasibility of 4 next-generation stent-grafts with either branched or fenestrated configurations. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of 213 patients (mean age 75.0±7.1 years; 179 men) with arch aneurysms treated using total arch replacement or zone 0 or 1 thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) from 2007 to 2017 at 2 Japanese hospitals. Anatomical analyses were performed using the centerline of flow technique on a 3-dimensional workstation. The anatomical feasibility of the Zenith A-branch, TAG Thoracic Branch Endoprosthesis (TBE), Terumo Aortic Relay Plus Double Branched (DB), and fenestrated Najuta stent-grafts were evaluated based on the instructions for use (IFU). Results: The mean lengths from the sinotubular junction (STJ) to the innominate artery (IA) and from the IA to the left common carotid artery were 114.9±15.9 and 12.8±5.6 mm, respectively. The mean aortic diameters at the STJ and IA were 31.3±3.4 and 34.1±5.3 mm, respectively. In terms of feasibility, 5.2% of patients were within the Zenith A-branch IFU, 40.8% for the TAG TBE, 24.9% for the Relay Plus DB, and 13.6% for the Najuta. Significant (>50% circumference) thrombus/calcification at the sealing zone affected nearly half of the patients, but there is currently no standardized definition or evaluation method for “significant” thrombus/calcification. Conclusion: Only 5% to 41% of arch aneurysm patients are anatomically suitable for TEVAR using any one of the next-generation branched or fenestrated stent-grafts. Furthermore, a definitive method of evaluating the thrombus/calcification burden needs to be established in future IFU.
“We Should Have Had a Historian”: Live Television and the Accident of the Moon Landing Tapes
Authors: Klik Ella
Published: June 2020

Forty years after the first moon landing in 1969, National Aeronautics and Space Administration announced that it had likely recycled the tapes containing the original footage of the landing. Although the mission was a monumental event viewed by millions of people around the world, the production and handling of the recorded materials was a matter of little concern to more than a small group of employees, historians, and space enthusiasts. This article argues that despite the fact that the erasure of these archival materials was accidental, it was not an accident per se but rather a fulfillment of a logic designed into the apparatus of magnetic tape recording from its very inception, and therefore a generative event for the media archeologist. By evoking histories and theories of broadcast and magnetic recording, I argue that erasure is a process that discloses networks of economic, cultural, material, and aesthetic discourses and interests.
The Magic of Theater: Photographing a Performative Academic Career
Authors: Vanover Charles
Published: June 2020

I discuss my efforts as a “good enough” photographer and describe the role photographs play communicating important moments from a series of ethnodramas I built about the Chicago Public Schools. I discuss my early efforts to use photography to legitimize my arts-based research practice, describe how my goals changed, and explain how I created images to communicate the energy of live theater. Building on Eisner’s theoretical work, I discuss three tensions of my photographic practice: intention versus improvisation, action versus artifice, and safety versus possibility. These tensions emphasize my limits as a photographer and the possibilities of arts-based research.