bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GO-GREEN GASTRONOMY DELIVERY: THE ROLE OF GREEN-PACKAGE DESIGN ENHANCING QUALITY AND VALUE CREATION ON BANG SAEN’S TOURIST DESTINATION
Authors:   Burapha University, International College, Chonburi, Thailand, NAKPATHOM Parinya , KANKAEW Kannapat ,   Burapha University, International College, Chonburi, Thailand, BRUTON Charlton ,   Burapha University, International College, Chonburi, Thailand, AWAIN Ali Mohsin Salim Ba ,   University of Technology and Applied Science, Department of Business Administration, Salalah, Oman, JABOOB Ali Said ,   Dhofar University, College of Law, Dhofar, Oman, JANG Hyewon ,   Andong National University, Graduate School of Creative Industry, Andong, South Korea, LEE Chee Keng ,   National University of Singapore, NUS College, Singapore, Singapore
Published: January 2025

Gastronomic tourism is a key tourism type that significantly impacts Thailand economy. This study aims to underline
the correlation between green package design and the quality of food delivery service, perceived value, and customer satisfaction
of green gastronomy of the tourist destination Bang Saen. It expounds on how the norm activation model and the theory of
planned behavior enhance both pro-social behavior and rational decision-making. Ultimately, it examines the government
campaign on “Go Ea(s)t and Go Green” on the east coast of Thailand. The study focused on Bang Saen area along the east coast
of Thailand. The sample groups were tourists experiencing green gastronomy services during their stays. The questionnaire was
administered for data collection both onsite and online. The direct and indirect effects were examined by Partial Least SquareStructural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). There were 408 respondents of whom 71 percent are generation Z. It is
recognized that the green packaging has a high direct impact on the quality of green food delivery service and customer
perceived value. This study thoroughly investigates the psychological aspect of seeing through bare eyes on forming a
perception to attitude, and personal norms to behavior preference. We locate that ecological awareness, personal health
consciousness, and societal influences are critical in customer decisions. It endows a better understanding of the inherent
motivations behind green consumption and, allows gastronomic business to modify their tactics to fit with these driving forces.
PERFIL DE GESTANTES QUE NÃO PRATICAM EXERCÍCIOS FÍSICOS
Authors: Rodrigues Ruas Lucas , Caino Teixeira Marchiori Mara Regina , Da Silveira Andressa , da Silva Reis dos Santos Ferreira Maria Margarida , Cruz da Silva Silvana , Marques Monçalves Kelvin Leandro , Soccol Keity Laís Siepmann
Published: January 2025

Objetivo: caracterizar o perfil de gestantes que não praticam exercícios físicos. Métodos: pesquisa descritiva de abordagem quantitativa, realizada no período entre outubro e dezembro de 2021, por meio de questionário disponibilizado pelo Google Forms® com 65 gestantes que não praticavam exercícios físicos. As participantes foram captadas por meio da técnica bola de neve. Os dados foram analisados com recurso da estatística descritiva simples em frequência absoluta e relativa. Foram respeitados todos os aspectos éticos em pesquisa com seres humanos e o projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com parecer nº 5.047.268. Resultados: o perfil de gestantes que não praticam exercício físico evidenciou que elas são, em sua maioria, casadas (69,23%), possuem ensino superior completo (36,92%) e renda familiar acima de três salários mínimos (36,92%). Os motivos mais comuns para não praticar exercícios físicos foram falta de tempo para ir à academia (33,84%) e ausência do hábito de praticar exercício físico (29,24%).  Conclusão: reforça-se a necessidade de intervenção em prol da promoção de saúde nas gestantes, tendo em vista os múltiplos benefícios que a prática de exercício físico desencadeia para o binômio mãe-bebê.
KECAK DANCE LEARNING AND CULTIVATION OF CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES IN PASRAMAN WIDYA SANTHI, SEBATU VILLAGE, BALI
Authors: Ayana I Wayan Deo , Arshiniwati Ni Made , Mawan I Gede , Karja I Wayan
Published: January 2025

Pasraman, ashram, padukuhan, or gurukula is a traditional education system in Hinduism that has existed since ancient times. Hinduism recognizes that education is an important aspect of human life. In Bali, the history of pasraman has been known since ancient times. In various folktales, there are many touches of education and the existence of padukuhan or pasraman, where Balinese generations gained knowledge in ancient times. This research aims to evaluate Kecak Dance learning in non-formal education in Pasraman Widya Santhi Sebatu Village and to know the process of instilling character education values through Kecak Dance learning in Pasraman Widya Santhi Sebatu Village. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings indicate that the learning of the Kecak Dance at Pasraman Widya Santhi is effective through interactive and participatory teaching methods. This learning process not only enhances students' dance skills but also provides a deep understanding of Balinese cultural values. Moreover, the activities successfully instill character education values such as discipline, responsibility, hard work, creativity, and pride in local culture. Community support, a conducive learning environment, and the integration of arts and cultural education are key factors in the program’s success. This study concludes that the learning of the Kecak Dance at Pasraman Widya Santhi serves as an effective model of non-formal education in shaping skilled, character-driven, and culturally aware youth. The structured and culture-based learning process enriches students' artistic skills while fostering awareness of the importance of preserving Bali's cultural heritage
Development of Omega-3 Enrich Halal Plant-based Snack : AI-Driven Nutritional Optimization of Halal Snacks from Local Thai Crops: A Framework for Advancing SMEs in Product Design and Commercialization
Authors: Sulong Suwaibah , Chebako Hasam , Boonmalert Firadao , Chaovasuteeranon Sarin , Katelakha Kasinee , Dahlan Winai
Published: January 2025

Background – Although shrimp and fish chips are popular among consumers, some individuals are allergic to seafood-based products. The primary advantage of these chips over plant-based alternatives is their higher protein and omega-3 content.
Purpose – The aim of this study was to develop a plant-based chip with protein and omega-3 content comparable to that of seafood-based chips available on the market.
Design/methodology/approach – The master formula was generated using the AI-driven ChatGPT platform, with prompts designed to optimize the ingredient composition. The resulting formula was prepared and tested. The nutritional profile of the product was calculated by ChatGPT and was then compared with results obtained from proximate analysis to validate its performance.
Findings – The master formulation comprises of taro (50.0%), tapioca starch (30.0%), Wolffia globosa (5.0%), perilla seed oil (1.0%), garlic (1%) salt (0.8%) and natural color (1.0%) which provide a nutrient-rich, plant-based alternative healthier snack. Utilizing AI, the nutritional profile was optimized, resulting in a low-fat, high-fiber product with no added sugar and moderate sodium levels. The taro chip was prepared according to the formula provided by AI and the nutrition fact was calculated using AI compared to those that were analyzed with laboratory-based proximate analysis. The result found that each 35g serving delivers approximately 106 kcal. This formulation offers a low-calorie, plant-based snack with moderate carbohydrates, low fat, and added omega-3 benefits.
Research limitations – Comprehensive shelf-life studies were not conducted, which could impact the product's quality, stability, and market acceptance.
Originality/value – The analysis highlights the competitive advantage of incorporating AI in nutritional optimization, enabling the creation of snacks that address both health and religious dietary needs.
Characterization of Chitin Extracted from Apple Snail (Pomacea canaliculata) Shells: A Preliminary Study for Chitosan Production
Authors: Chaovasuteeranon Sarin , Boonmalert Firadao , Santiworakun Najwa Yanya , Suksuwan Acharee , Dahlan Winai , , Mahamud Nureesun
Published: January 2025

Background – GGolden apple snails (Pomacea canaliculata) are major pests in rice fields, causing significant challenges for farmers. Chemical controls leave sharp residual shells, increasing risks of leptospirosis and medical costs. While golden apple snails in Thailand are used for animal feed and wastewater treatment, they remain underutilized. Their shells, containing 20-50% chitin, can be extracted into chitosan-a non-toxic natural polymer suitable for Halal applications in health-related industries. Chitosan from snail shells offers an eco-friendly solution to reduce agricultural issues and promote sustainable economic opportunities for local communities.
Purpose – This research aims to extract and characterize chitin from apple snail shells and evaluate its structural, chemical, and morphological properties. The study also examines contaminants like pesticide residues and heavy metals to assess its suitability for diverse applications.
Design/methodology/approach – The extraction conditions included demineralization with 1 M HCl at 25 °C for 2 hours, deproteinization with 2 M NaOH at 25 °C for 2 hours. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed functional groups, while Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyzed microstructure. Heavy metal and pesticide residues were assessed using AOAC methods.
Findings – The resulting chitin yielded apploximately 40.77 % (w/w) of raw apple snail shells. The FT-IR absortion of light brown chitin powder showed 10 major characteristic peaks between 513 and 3430 cm-1. Metals like As, Cd, Pb, and Hg were undetected, except for 0.149 ppb Cu, and no pesticide residues were found. SEM analysis revealed that the particles had a polygonal shape with a rough surface texture.
Research limitations – The extraction is limited by chitosan’s solubility in acid, requiring large shell fragments and higher solvent volumes, increasing cost and complexity.
Originality/value – This study highlights that chitin extracted from apple snail shells offers a sustainable source for chitosan production. Utilizing this abundant but underused resource supports waste reduction and enhances agricultural productivity. Safety assessments, including tests for heavy metals and pesticides, confirm its suitability for applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and medical industries.
Valorisation of Food Waste into Sustainable Halal Pet Food
Authors: Sulaiman Nor Surilawana
Published: January 2025

The International Halal Science and Technology Conference 2024 (IHSATEC): 17th Halal Science Industry and Business (HASIB) was an outstanding event held on December 19-20, 2024. The IHSATEC 2024:17 HASIB is a conference collaboration program between is The Halal Science Center Chulalongkorn University, Thailand and Research Synergy Foundation. And This conference was also Supported By Scholarvein, Reviewer Track, Research Synergy Press, Global Research Community, F1000Research, and Emerald Publishing. This conference was held on virtual platform and has given a chance to increase knowledge among researchers found ideas for further research, and new found research and collaboration opportunities.

This event was held in two day and the hyrbid conference has been a great success. Participants and audiences who attended came from 15+ countries around the globe, such as Indonesia, Thailand, Qatar, UAE, Malaysia, Philippines, Oman, Kuwait, Egypt, Switzerland, Singapore, Australia Pakistan, Brunei Darussalam, India and many more.
Characterization of Legume-Derived Plant Milks: A Nutritional and Functional Analysis
Authors: Santiworakun Najwa Yanya , Waloh Nareeya , Sulong Suwaibah , Mahamud Kasinee Katelakha Nureesun , Chebako Hasam , Dahlan Winai
Published: January 2025

Background – Plant-based beverages have garnered significant attention due to their nutritional benefits and alignment with dietary preferences such as lactose intolerance, veganism, and sustainability. Purpose – This study focuses on the development and characterization of plant-based milk formulations derived from a mixture of black bean with green bean, and black bean with red bean. The beans and resultant milk products were evaluated for their fatty acid profile, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity. Design/methodology/approach – All samples were extracted by dichloromethane-ethanol extraction. The crude extract will be further derivatization for fatty acid profile analysis. The spectrophotometry were used to analyze the total phenolic compound and antioxcidant activity of the the product. Findings – Black beans demonstrated a high content of linolenic acid (41.74 ± 1.26%), surpassing green and red beans. Both plant-based milk formulations were rich in unsaturated fats, with monounsaturated fat ranging from 54.47% to 59.23% and polyunsaturated fat from 40.29% to 45.06%. The total phenolic content of black bean, red bean, and green bean were 2.38, 2.20, and 1.52 μg GAE/g DW, respectively. Antioxidant activity, assessed via % inhibition at 100 mg/ml, showed that black bean extracts exhibited the highest activity (75.05%), followed by red bean (64.1%) and green bean (64.5%). For the plant-based milk formulations, the antioxidant activity was 40.1% and 29.2% for black bean with red bean, and black bean with green bean, respectively. Research limitations – The study focused on black bean, green bean, and red bean, which may not fully represent the diversity of legumes available globally. Originality/value – The findings underscore the nutritional and functional potential of plant-based milk derived from legumes, particularly highlighting their unsaturated fat content and phenolic compound-mediated antioxidant activity. This study contributes to the growing field of sustainable, plant-based food innovations aimed at promoting health and addressing global dietary trends.
Pravna zaštita obiteljskog života u kontekstu udomiteljstva
Authors: Radina Ana
Published: January 2025

Iako ne postoji univerzalno prihvaćena definicija „obitelji“ ni „obiteljskog života“, može se smatrati općeprihvaćenim da ti pojmovi nisu ograničeni isključivo na osobe povezane biološkim srodstvom. Oba ta koncepta, na međunarodnoj i europskoj razini, obuhvaćaju i udomitelje tj. udomiteljske obitelji. Ovo istraživanje usmjereno je ponajprije na ispitivanje pristupa Europskog suda za ljudska prava spram mogućnosti nastanka i zaštite obiteljskog života u kontekstu udomiteljstva. Iako ovaj Sud pruža zaštitu različitim oblicima bliskih osobnih veza, svrha i narav udomiteljstva te razlozi i način zasnivanja udomiteljskog odnosa nameću potrebu pobližeg pronicanja u pojedine aspekte obiteljskog života razvijenog u tom kontekstu, počevši već od modaliteta njihova nastanka – obiteljski život biološke obitelji može se smatrati danim, dok u udomiteljskoj obitelji obiteljske veze treba „izgraditi“. Cilj ovog rada jest identificirati pretpostavke nastanka obiteljskog života između udomitelja i udomljenog djeteta te sadržaj i doseg pravne zaštite prava udomitelja na obiteljski život u judikaturi Suda. Također, autorica se osvrće na pitanje zastupanja djeteta od strane udomitelja u postupku pred Sudom te problematiku instrumentalizacije udomiteljstva u svrhu legitimiranja protupravnih postupaka. Zaključci na koje ovo istraživanje upućuje trebali bi biti de lege ferenda smjernice državama u pogledu pristupa uređenju odnosa između udomitelja i udomljene djece.
The effect of a rehabilitation program using infrared rays in athletes with ankle fracture
Authors: الحيالي سبهان يونس سلطان مهدي
Published: January 2025

Athletes are exposed to injuries of different types and degrees, whether in the bones, joints, ligaments or muscles, and they differ from one sporting activity to another and due to the player being in a state of continuous competition  .The study aimed to prepare rehabilitation exercises for injured people to rehabilitate the ankle joint after fracture in athletes, as well as to know the effect a rehabilitation of program using infrared rays in reducing degree of pain and improving the range of motion and muscle strength of the ankle joint injured by fracture in athletes. The researcher used the experimental method with pre- and post-measurement to suit the nature of the research, and the study sample consisted of ((10 players in the track and field activity who were injured with a fracture of the ankle joint who represent Mosul Sports Club. They were chosen intentionally from the injured athletes after the fracture healed. The researcher concluded from the results that were processed statistically that rehabilitation exercises with the integration of infrared rays significantly improved the range of motion and muscle strength of the muscles surrounding the ankle joint when using rehabilitation exercises, which enhances the stability of the ankle joint and reduces the possibility of recurrence of injury, in addition to accelerating the healing process and reducing pain. The researcher recommends the necessity of using infrared rays with rehabilitation exercises for their effectiveness in healing athletes, which allows athletes to return to practicing their sports activities.
نموذج مقترح لتطبيق مبادئ الحوكمة بالمؤسسات الرياضية بالعراق
Authors: الكرخي احمد جارالله عبدالله , مدرس دكتور دنيا عبد المنعم محمد علي
Published: January 2025

يهدف البحث الى وضع نموذج مقترح لتطبيق مبادى الحوكمة بالمؤسسات الرياضية بالعراق من خلال تحديد (أهداف تطبيق الحوكمة بالمؤسسات الرياضية بالعراق ، متطلبات تطبيق الحوكمة بالمؤسسات الرياضية بالعراق، مبادئ الحوكمة فى المؤسسات الرياضية بالعراق (الافصاح والشفافية ، المسائلة، العدالة والمساواه ،آليات التحكم)، واستخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي بالاسلوب المسحى ، وذلك لملائمته لطبيعة البحث، إشتمل مجتمع البحث على أعضاء مجالس إدارات الاندية الرياضية ،مجالس ادارات الاتحادات الرياضية ، مجلس ادارة اللجنة الاولمبية العراقية ، وقد قام الباحث بإختيار  عينة قدرها (187) فرد ،وإعتمد الباحث على المقابلة الشخصية وإستمارة الاستبيان كأدوات فى جمع البيانات، وكان من اهم النتائج أنه    تسعى المؤسسات الرياضية الى مكافحة الفساد فى مختلف الجوانب ، تتعامل المؤسسات الرياضية باحترام وعدالة ومساواه مع الجميع ،تخضع المؤسسات الرياضية للمسائلة عند ارتكاب مخالفة للانظمة والقوانين ، لا تتبع المؤسسات الرياضية معايير عادلة فى توزيع المكافآت والعوائد المستحقة ، وكان من أهم التوصيات ضرورة  تطبيق مبادئ الحوكمة بالمؤسسات الرياضية العراقية ، ضرورة زيادة الرقابة على المؤسسات الرياضية من خلال الزامهم بتطبيق مبادئ الحوكمة.
تأثير تمرينات القدرة بأوزان مضافة مع التحفيز الكهربائي (TENS) في سرعة الاستجابة الحركية لحراس المرمى بكرة القدم
Authors: هاشم اسماعيل خليل م.د حسنين هاشم اسماعيل خليل
Published: January 2025

يتطلب أداء حراس المرمى في كرة القدم قدرات بدنية عالية المستوى تشمل القوة، السرعة، والتوافق العضلي العصبي، بالإضافة إلى إتقان الجوانب الفنية التي تتماشى مع طبيعة الأداء. تأتي أهمية البحث من رفع مستوى أداء حراس المرمى من خلال استخدام تمرينات القدرة بأوزان مضافة مع التحفيز الكهربائي (TENS)، لمعرفة تأثير هذه التمرينات في تحسين سرعة الاستجابة الحركية لحراس المرمى يفترض الباحث وجود فروق معنوية بين نتائج الاختبارات القبلية والبعدية في قيم سرعة الاستجابة الحركية تم تنفيذ البرنامج التدريبي على مدار 12 أسبوعًا، بواقع 3 وحدات تدريبية أسبوعيًا، ليصل إجمالي عدد الوحدات التدريبية إلى 36 وحدة. وقد أظهرت النتائج فاعلية التمارين المستخدمة ضمن المنهج التدريبي المعد في تحسين سرعة الاستجابة الحركية لحراس المرمى، مما ساهم بشكل كبير في تعزيز أدائهم وقدرتهم وستنتج الباحث ان التمارين باستخدام الأوزان المضافة أدى إلى تحسين الأداء البدني لحراس المرمى وتطوير لسرعة الاستجابة الحركية.
واقع التحفيز الوظيفي لمدراء تشكيلات وزارة الشباب والرياضة العراقية من وجهة نظر العاملين فيها
Authors: العبودي بهاء حيدر فليح , العبودي انوار حيدر فليح , لايخ خالد اسود لايخ
Published: January 2025

The aim of the research was to create a special model of questions that would identify the point of view of employees and management on job motivation, as well as identify the point of view of employees and management on job motivation in the Iraqi Ministry of Youth and Sports. The research areas were among the employees in the Iraqi Ministry of Youth and Sports, and for the time period: 3/7/2022 to 6/1/2022, this policy was applied in the structure of the Iraqi Ministry of Youth and Sports. The researcher determined the structure of the community through a comprehensive census of all employees in the departments, including (496) in the Iraqi Ministry of Youth and Sports, and (10) in the Statistics Department, at a rate of 50% of the original community. The research sample was (248) employees, which were divided into (3) samples, with (40) employees from multiple departments, at a rate of (8%) of the total research community, and the remaining sample became the application sample for the research, which was at a rate of 10%. The researcher suggested that managers try to directly influence employees by communicating with them in a way that makes them enthusiastic. He also suggested that managers of the Iraqi Ministry of Youth and Sports be aware of the issue by issuing administrative penalties in the event of a defect or negligence in the job work or lack of guidance from the researchers. He also suggested that courses and workshops should be held for employees in order to understand the job correctly and understand their duties and rights.
A Flight-Mechanics Solver for Aircraft Inverse Simulations and Application to 3D Mirage-III Maneuver
Authors: Marzouk Osama Ahmed
Published: January 2025

The main objective of this paper is to present a general mathematical model and an associated numerical algorithm applicable to an arbitrary fixed-wing fixed-mass aircraft undergoing an arbitrary maneuver, based on the 3D nonlinear coupled differential-algebraic equations of motion, including force, moment, kinematic and constraint equations. The model is formulated to address the inverse simulation problem where a target maneuver is prescribed and the corresponding time dependent patterns of the control variables are solved for to meet this maneuver. The model utilizes two different moving frames of references, namely the body axes and the wind axes. The numerical algorithm features sequential solution of equations in a fully explicit manner. It is straightforward to use the model in a reverse mode, namely the direct simulation problem. The inverse problem may be summarized as follows: Inputs: Time history of desired-trajectory rectangular coordinates relative to the ground-fixed axes. A constraint should be specified, which we arbitrarily chose it to be the bank angle. Also, certain geometric and aerodynamic aircraft data are needed. Outputs: Time history of the control variables (thrust magnitude, elevator angle, rudder angle, ailerons angle), which will satisfy the aimed trajectory. The paper finally applies the presented numerical algorithm to a roll maneuver for the Mirage-III fighter.
Thought-Transmission Theory: A Quantum and Electromagnetic Perspective on Cognitive Synchronization
Authors: Kharitonov Alexander
Published: January 2025

This paper introduces the thought-transmission theory, which postulates that thoughts from one individual can manifest as instantaneous insights in another's mind, regardless of spatial separation. By integrating elements of quantum entanglement, Earth's magnetic field, solar activity, and human neural networks, the theory seeks to explain phenomena like synchronized thoughts and apparent coincidences. Key mechanisms include cellular electron alignment, quantum entanglement via solar photons, and neural network-based recognition of transmitted patterns. Observations such as higher synchronization among relatives, sensitivity to solar activity, and global conflict trends during heightened solar activity are examined in the context of this framework. The implications bridge quantum physics, neuroscience, and planetary influences on cognition, offering a new lens for understanding cognitive connectivity.
Happiness and Health Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Gajawada Satish
Published: January 2025

Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is a popular and widely used optimization algorithm for solving complex problems. It is known for its simplicity and ease of implementation. Artificial Birds move in search space to find optimal solution. Although many PSO algorithms were proposed in literature the concepts like happiness and health are not yet explored in PSO algorithms. This article is based on this research gap. Happiness and Health Particle Swarm Optimization (HaHePSO) algorithm is created by incorporating the Happiness and Health concepts into Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. Each particle in HaHePSO algorithm is associated with happiness and health variables. The movement of Artificial Birds in PSO algorithm is based on fitness values. In HaHePSO algorithm the movement of Artifical Birds is dependent on happiness, health and fitness values. In PSO algorithm Artificial Birds move in the direction of local best and global best of fitness values. This idea is extended in HaHePSO algorithm where Artificial Birds move in the direction of local best and global best of happiness, health and fitness values. The HaHePSO algorithm proposed in this article takes more space and requires extra computation compared to PSO algorithm. This is due to the fact that each particle now has happiness and health variables associated with it and movement in search space is guided by the fitness, happiness and health values.
Symmetric Sampling and the Discrete Laws of Physics (4): Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle is “incomplete”
Authors: van Heel Marin
Published: January 2025

For creating a measurable Physics, we must first revisit its theoretical foundations. Deterministic Physics cannot be measured and therefore cannot be proven experimentally since an infinite amount of energy is required to confirm a Law of Physics to infinite precision. This “measurement problem” existed ever since Physics – centuries ago – slowly separated from its deterministic theological roots. Given the experimental successes of deterministic Newtonian Mechanics, deterministic Physics nevertheless became the law-of-the-land. The introduction of Quantum Mechanics in the 1920s threw a spanner in the works and re-emphasised the importance of that underlying measurement problem. Rather than removing Classical Physics' deterministic inheritance, however, the science community reacted by introducing deterministic postulates to make Quantum Mechanics “fit” the prevailing classical framework. Unphysical postulates like the existence of a wavefunction, assumed to be a “complete” description of a physical system, and its square was assumed to be “measurable”, created a series of problems at the core of Physics, which remained unresolved for more than a century. This (part-4) paper promotes a discrete uncertainty principle as the foundation of a Discrete Physics. Symmetric-sampling incorporates this discrete uncertainty principle from the onset and provides comprehensive rules for handling measurements and discrete computer representations of signals and functions. This principle applies to all of Physics, including classical Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity. The red line of this paper is to complete the original “X-ray-microscope” model experiment proposed by Heisenberg in 1927. Retracing Heisenberg’s original “Gedanken” experiment helps us pinpoint the deterministic flaws at the core of Classical Physics and Quantum Mechanics, while assessing a fresh comprehensive Discrete Physics.
Semantic Hierarchical Reinforcement in Large Language Models for Contextual Memory Persistence
Authors: Poctik Nathan , Winterbourne Beatrix , Treadaway Dominic , Lichtenberg Anastasia , Winterfeld Mathias
Published: January 2025

This study introduces a hierarchical semantic structure within memory layers of large language models, the methodology facilitates dynamic prioritization of contextually significant information, enabling improved alignment between abstract concepts and task-specific details. Iterative clustering algorithms and adaptive reinforcement layers provide the foundation for scalable integration of structured memory mechanisms, balancing computational efficiency with performance gains. Experimental evaluations demonstrate substantial improvements in memory retention rates, contextual coherence, and task accuracy, particularly in scenarios involving extended sequences and complex multi-turn interactions. The robustness of the approach was evident under varying noise levels and input conditions, showing its adaptability across a wide spectrum of tasks. Comparative analysis highlighted consistent advantages over baseline methodologies, with the proposed model achieving superior semantic alignment and efficiency metrics. Hierarchical depth was shown to influence performance outcomes, revealing an optimal balance between complexity and scalability. Furthermore, memory retention analyses indicated a slower rate of decay, reinforcing the efficacy of semantic reinforcement in preserving relevant contextual details over time. The framework also demonstrated practical scalability across larger datasets, maintaining its effectiveness without significant degradation. Collectively, the findings establish a robust paradigm for addressing foundational challenges in contextual memory frameworks for advanced language models.
The Divine criterion: A novel metric for canon formation
Authors: Pommerenck Jordan K
Published: January 2025

This work analyzes the various metrics devised to ex post facto support the development of the historical Christian canon(s) and proposes an alternative unified metric for biblical canon formation centered around the locus of 'knowing and being known'. This novel criterion forms a theoretical 'Divine' canon, which posits that God desires to know man. Further, this work argues that God desires man to reciprocate this 'longing' and accordingly preserves a literary means of facilitating thismutual spiritual communion. Further, this criterion argues that only those works which contribute to a holistic understanding of the nature and salvic means necessary for eternal proximate fellowship with God should be classified as 'Divine' in origin. This work is the first of its kind to demonstrate thatit is possible to arbitrarily form a biblical canon based on a unified, objective metric, although this work does not argue that the Divine criterion is the 'correct' or 'only' metric one could construct. This Divine criterion is constructed in such a way as to 'conservatively' approach biblical canon formation. Thus, the 'Divine' canon, formed from this metric, represents a subcollection of the more 'aggressively' constructed 'traditional' biblical canon of the Early Church. Finally, this work demonstrates that even the 'Divine' canon constructed from this metric is sufficiently developedsuch that the central tenets of the Christian faith, regarding salvation and eternal life, are retained.
Understanding Generativity in Queer Women: A Critical Analysis of Care, Legacy, and Development
Authors: Sutter Rebecca
Published: January 2025

This manuscript presents an examination of generativity—the drive to nurture and guide future generations—as it manifests in queer women's experiences. Through the integration of feminist critique and contemporary queer theory, the work challenges traditional developmental frameworks while illuminating novel pathways for understanding human growth and legacy creation. Drawing primarily on Erikson's psychosocial development theory as a point of departure, the analysis reveals how conventional conceptualizations of generativity inadequately capture the complex, non-linear patterns characteristic of queer women's developmental trajectories.
Exploring Non-temporal Causality: A Mathematical Framework
Authors: Bakalov Aleksandar
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a novel framework for examining causality through a fundamentally non-temporal perspective, grounded in mathematical logic and category theory. We demonstrate that standard logical operations, including implication, conjunction, disjunction, and quantification, are inherently non-temporal, suggesting that causality itself might be better understood as a logical rather than temporal relationship. Our framework provides: (1) A rigorous mathematical foundation for non-temporal causality, based on set theory and mathematical logic; (2) A reinterpretation of quantum mechanical phenomena, including wave function collapse and entanglement, as manifestations of non-temporal logical relations; (3) A new perspective on causal set theory that challenges the assumed primacy of temporal ordering in discrete spacetime approaches. The framework naturally addresses several persistent puzzles in physics, including the measurement problem in quantum mechanics, the emergence of time in quantum gravity, and the apparent tension between locality and quantum correlations. We develop formal proofs showing how temporal causation might emerge as a special case of more general non-temporal logical relations, with implications for quantum foundations, relativity theory, and the unification of quantum mechanics with gravity. This approach suggests new directions for understanding the foundations of physics, the nature of time, and the relationship between logic and physical reality.
Assessing avalanche course participants’ applied understanding of snowpack stability: A case study
Authors: Dassler Tim , Fjellaksel Richard , Pfuhl Gerit
Published: January 2025

When skiing in avalanche-prone backcountry terrain, the thrill of the experience is always accompanied by the looming risks of injury or worse. Safety in snowy mountains hinges on understanding avalanche dangers. Avalanche education serves as a crucial tool to impart the skills needed to navigate these hazards safely. Understanding whether the snow is stable, and conditions are safe enough is pivotal for making high quality safety judgments in potentially hazardous avalanche terrain. In our innovative and explorative avalanche course study, participants’ learning was monitored and measured throughout an entire winter season and assessed a year after the course. Participants were co-designers, with their experiences and reflections forming course content. We measured learning outcomes, focusing here on understanding of snowpack stability, before, during and a year after by collecting both qualitative and quantitative data from course participants (n = 10). We used a log to assess knowledge about snow factors, asked about why it is safe to ascend/descend, scored their amount of reported learning moments, and included self-reported competencies and confidence. Combining these data, we find that a) understanding of snowpack stability increases over the course but does not last for all, b) having had more learning moments does not guarantee understanding, c) perceived competency is higher than actual competency. We discuss implications for mountain safety and avalanche education.
Qutrit Ternary Image Circuits for Geospatial GIS Lunar Surveying Utilizing a Novel Technique
Authors: Kamal Andrew
Published: January 2025

This paper presents research that integrates low-altitude CubeSats for signal telemetry while enhancing these CubeSats for the acquisition of imaging data. The objective of this study is to improve a CubeSat by incorporating a radar system, Lidar, and a fisheye lens camera to capture high-resolution imaging data from long-range signals. This process will employ a Qutrit-based Quantum Optimization Circuit to achieve superior image reconstruction. The innovative aspect of this approach lies in a unique reconstruction technique that leverages Qutrit circuitry to enhance both the reconstruction and optimization processes. The focus of this research is on utilizing Quantum Computing to analyze geospatial imaging data obtained from a CubeSat equipped with a specialized Compute Module. Investigations into the processors within this computing framework have identified parallels with an existing patented signal processing method, which serves as a foundational model for the Compute Module. Since image construction is dependent on raw data and includes sonar, thermal, and various signal types in geospatial reconstruction, the application of Qutrits can significantly improve both the speed and quality of the process. This proposed solution aims to strengthen a lunar mission by enhancing imaging and surveying capabilities. The paper reviews the current literature on this innovative methodology and seeks to provide essential foundational support for future related experiments. Additionally, a Qubit-based grid computing architecture will be employed for quantum optimization.
Integrating Co-Created and Theory-driven insights using an Equitable Power-Sharing Approach (EPSA)
Authors: Millet Nessa
Published: January 2025

Co-creation with citizens has emerged as an integral component in tackling a plethora of healthcare inequities. At the stage of scientific conceptualisation, processes of integrating co-created insights as legitimate forms of knowledge lacks transparent method, risking disempowerment for citizens who have been positioned as influencing the research process. We detail an approach to integrating co-created insights into a scientific model using an equitable and power-sharing approach (EPSA) method, exampled during the study design phase of the AFFIRM Relationships project. The EPSA method consist of 3 phases: a preparatory phase (Researcher reflexivity, topic formulation and sensitization); a co-creation phase (knowledge production, analytic phases, summarizing and ethics work) and an insight integration phase. Applying the EPSA method highlighted the important role of researcher reflexivity in preparing to foster a safe environment for open dialogue during co-creation. Transforming scientific research stages into activities that can engage co-researchers (including conducting analysis, critical thinking, and producing overarching themes) underscored an equitable partnership. Whilst the final phase enabled identification of how resulting knowledge was derived, further consideration of how refinement processes can be grounded in lived experience is necessary, particularly during final stages as decision making becomes increasingly led by academic team members.
Comparar la eficacia de la instilación intravesical de Gemcitabina y Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) en el tratamiento de pacientes con cáncer de vejiga no músculo invasivo de alto riesgo primario y recurrente
Authors: Calderón Cuastumal Verónica del Carmen , Granda González David Francisco
Published: January 2025

Introducción: Tradicionalmente el cáncer de vejiga no músculo invasivo se ha tratado con resección transuretral seguida de quimioterapia intravesical y/o Bacillo Calmette Guérin (BCG) según el riesgo. La quimioterapia intravesical se utiliza cada vez más y tiene una buena relación costo-efectividad.
Objetivo: Demostrar la eficacia del uso de gemcitabina como terapia intravesical en el manejo de pacientes con Cáncer de vejiga no músculo invasivo de alto riesgo primario y recurrente.
Métodos: Se realizó una revisión teórica, se implementó una búsqueda en bases de datos especializadas a través de la estrategia PICOT; mediante términos DeCS/ MeSH, en Pubmed, European Association of Urology, y buscadores como TripDatabase. Se seleccionaron solamente ensayos clínicos, que se evaluaron mediante criterios CONSORT.
Resultados: Se identificaron 621 artículos, se incluyeron 6 ensayos clínicos, con 562 pacientes con Cáncer de vejiga no músculo invasivo. La gemcitabina intravesical, en monoterapia o combinada con docetaxel, se asoció con menor tasa de eventos secundarios graves, en pacientes con cáncer de vejiga no músculo invasivo. Los eventos fueron leves y consistían en hematuria, y sintomatología urinaria baja. La respuesta al tratamiento fue similar al obtenido con el Bacilo Calmette Guérin (BCG), con tasas de sobrevida libre de remisión, libre de enfermedad de 12 a 24 meses. Se considera una opción segura y eficiente en comparación con el uso de Bacilo Calmette Guérin intravesical (BCG).
Conclusiones: se evidenció que gemcitabina intravesical es una opción segura y efectiva en el tratamiento de los pacientes con cáncer de vejiga no músculo invasivo que no han tenido respuesta adecuada al uso de Bacilo Calmette Guérin (BCG), con una baja incidencia de eventos adversos graves, y, resultados oncológicos similares. Se precisan más investigaciones, con seguimiento a largo plazo
Índice de cubillas como predictor de compromiso ganglionar en la linfadenectomía inguinal en pacientes con cáncer de pene
Authors: Ron Flores Paúl Fernando , Soto Pinto Edwin Marcelo
Published: January 2025

Introducción: El Índice de Cubillas se creó para predecir metástasis ganglionares en pacientes con cáncer de pene; tiene en cuenta factores como el grado histológico del tumor, el nivel de infiltración anatómica del tumor y, si existe infiltración perineural.
Objetivo: Establecer la confiabilidad del Índice de Cubillas como herramienta predictiva para identificar el compromiso ganglionar en pacientes con cáncer de pene que serán sometidos a linfadenectomía inguinal.
Metodología: Se realizó una revisión teórica, a partir de una pregunta significativa que expone el motivo de la investigación y la respuesta mediante la búsqueda de información científica, a través de la estrategia PICOT; con términos DeCS/MeSH en bases de datos de salud como: Pubmed, European Association of Urology, American Asociación of Urology, y buscadores como TripDatabase; los artículos encontrados se evaluaron con estándares de calidad mediante criterios STROBE. Los documentos para incluirse abordaran el periodo 2010 - 2024; con diseños observacionales. Se identificaron 282 artículos y solamente 3 fueron elegidos.
Resultados: el índice demostró ser adecuado en la predicción de afectación ganglionar en pacientes con cáncer de pene que reciben una linfadenectomía inguinal. Los factores como el mayor grado histológico (p <0,0001), la profundidad de infiltración (p = 0,0002), invasión perineural (p <0,0001) e invasión vascular se asociaron significativamente con la toma ganglionar. El área bajo la curva (ROC = 72%; IC95%: 63–81%).
Conclusiones: El índice de Cubillas es aplicable y útil para predecir la implicación de los ganglios linfáticos en el cáncer de pene, ayudando a guiar las decisiones clínicas sobre la necesidad de disección de ganglios inguinales.
Parece ser un predictor confiable de metástasis ganglionares en pacientes con cáncer de pene sometidos a linfadenectomía inguinal; sin embargo, los estudios de validación son muy escasos.
Manejo Interdisciplinario de las Quemaduras de grado I, II, Y III en adultos, Revisión de Literatura.
Authors: Vintimilla Molina Jhojana Rosali , Hurtado Catalina María , Moncayo Bernal María de los Ángeles , Calle Tenezaca Guido Sebastián
Published: January 2025

Antecedentes: Las quemaduras se clasifican en tres grados: primer grado (superficial), segundo grado (superficial y profunda) y tercer grado (subcutáneo). La evaluación de la profundidad y extensión de las quemaduras se realiza mediante métodos clínicos y técnicas como la flujometría láser Doppler y la videomicroscopía, y se usa la Regla de Lund-Browder para determinar el porcentaje de superficie corporal afectada. Objetivo: brindar información actualizada sobre las quemaduras de grado I, II y III. Metodología: Se realizo una búsqueda de información actualizada y que aporto significativamente al desarrollo del trabajo, a través de la identificación y delimitación del tema, y el alcance de la información mediante los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Resultados: A nivel global, las quemaduras representan un importante problema de salud pública, con alrededor de 265.000 muertes anuales, siendo más prevalentes en países en desarrollo. En países como India, Bangladesh y Egipto, el impacto es significativo, con muchas personas sufriendo discapacidades temporales o permanentes. a investigación presentada se basa en una revisión bibliográfica para analizar la prevalencia, factores asociados, complicaciones, abordajes terapéuticos e intervenciones de enfermería en quemaduras, utilizando una metodología de búsqueda rigurosa en bases de datos científicas y sitios oficiales, con un total de 50 documentos relevantes analizados. Conclusiones: prevención efectiva y un enfoque integral en la atención y educación sobre primeros auxilios son esenciales para reducir la mortalidad y discapacidad asociadas con las quemaduras. para mejorar la atención y los resultados para los pacientes quemados a nivel mundial
Manejo actual del síndrome de ovario poliquístico en mujeres con deseo genésico
Authors: Yugcha Andino Germania Elizabeth , Calderón León María Fernanda , Robles Granda Eliana Piedad , Carlosama Ruiz Silvio Paul
Published: January 2025

Introducción: El síndrome de ovario poliquístico (SOP), es un trastorno endocrino y reproductivo, cuya prevalencia mundial oscila entre el 4 y el 21 % y es considerado en gineco obstetricia como la primera causa de infertilidad anovulatoria, cuya base etiológica se relaciona con epigenética, disfunción hipotalámica y ovárica, influida por otros factores, como la exposición excesiva a andrógenos, resistencia a la insulina y obesidad (1-3) Objetivo:  Determinar el manejo actual del síndrome de ovario poliquístico en mujeres con deseo genésico. Métodos: Se elaboró una revisión de la literatura seleccionando 35 artículos médicos, obtenidos de bases de datos como:  PubMed, Cochrane, ScienceDirect, Mendeley, Wiley Online Library y revistas; Obstetrics and Gynecology. Resultados: En seis ensayos controlados aleatorizados con un número total de 723 pacientes, las tasas de ovulación y embarazo clínico fueron significativamente mayores entre el grupo de letrozol/gonadotropina versus el grupo de letrozol en monoterapia (p <0,001). Liraglutida mejoró la sensibilidad a la insulina medida por HOMA después de 2 semanas, antes de la pérdida de peso, por consiguiente, mejoró el metabolismo de la glucosa, redujo la presión arterial sistólica y el peso corporal en pacientes con SOP. El inositol, es una molécula nueva que ha demostrado, mejorar el perfil metabólico de los pacientes con SOP. Tras un análisis exhaustivo, se encontró que metformina y mioinositol son comparables en sus efectos sobre los perfiles clínicos, hormonales y bioquímicos. Sin embargo, el mioinositol tuvo un mejor perfil de seguridad y tolerancia debido a efectos secundarios mínimos en comparación con metformina, no obstante, el mioinositol aún se mantiene aún en estudio. La perforación ovárica es una técnica quirúrgica que se usa como segunda línea terapéutica, cuando el tratamiento con citrato de clomifeno, metformina o letrozol ha fracasado en las pacientes con SOP y se puede realizar por vía laparoscópica o mediante acceso transvaginal. La perforación ovárica laparoscópica reduce significativamente la hormona antimulleriana y el recuento de folículos antrales, lo que aumenta significativamente la tasa de ovulación en pacientes con SOP en comparación con la perforación ovárica transvaginal. Conclusión: el uso del letrozol en combinación con gonadotropinas coriónicas ha dado buenos resultados. Actualmente sobresalen novedosos fármacos como liraglutida con óptimos resultados en cuanto a reducción de peso y resistencia a la insulina y por ende podría beneficiar a las pacientes con SOP y obesidad. Aún se encuentran en estudio, el uso mioinositol, así como también la vitamina D, cuya carencia contribuye al desarrollo de SOP, pero aún no forman parte del protocolo definitivo de manejo. Finalmente, cuando el tratamiento médico ha fracasado se puede recurrir al tratamiento quirúrgico mediante laparoscopia vía abdominal o transvaginal con buenos resultados