bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economic values for production, fertility and mastitis traits for temperate dairy cattle breeds in tropical Sri Lanka
Authors: Samaraweera Amali Malshani , van der Werf Julius H. J. , Boerner Vinzent , Hermesch Susanne
Published: January 2022

Economic values for annual milk yield (MY, kg), annual fat yield (FY, kg), annual protein yield (PY, kg), age at first calving (AFC, days), number of services per conception (NSC), calving interval (CI, days) and mastitis episodes (MS) were derived for temperate dairy cattle breeds in tropical Sri Lanka using a bio‐economic model. Economic values were calculated on a per cow per year basis. Derived economic values in rupees (LKR) for MY, FY and PY were 107, −162 and −15, while for AFC, NSC, CI and MS, economic values were −59, −270, −84 and −8,303. Economic values for FY and PY further decreased with higher feed prices, and a less negative economic value for FY was obtained with increased price for fat. Negative economic values for FY and PY show that genetic improvement for these traits is not economical due to the high feed costs and/or the insufficient payment for fat and protein. Therefore, revision of milk fat and protein payments is recommended. Furthermore, the breeding objective developed in this study was dominated by milk production and fertility traits. Adaptability and functional traits that are important in a temperate dairy cattle breeding programme in tropical Sri Lanka, such as longevity, feed efficiency, disease resistance and heat tolerance should be recorded to incorporate them in the breeding objective. Continued trait recording of all traits is recommended to ensure dairy cows can be selected more effectively in a tropical environment based on a breeding objective that also includes adaptability and functional traits.
A common oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis induces myocarditis in rats
Authors: Peron Daniele , Prates Renato Araujo , Antonio Ednei Luiz , Teixeira Ighor Luiz Azevedo , de Oliveira Helenita Antonia , Mansano Barbara Sampaio Dias Martins , Bergamo Alexandre , Almeida Dirceu Rodrigues , Dariolli Rafael , Tucci Paulo José Ferreira , Serra Andrey Jorge
Published: January 2022

Aim

To evaluate whether Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) inoculation could induce cardiac remodelling in rats.

Materials and Methods

The study was conducted on 33 Wistar rats, which were distributed in the following experimental groups: not inoculated; inoculated with 1 × 108 CFU/ml of bacteria; inoculated with 3 × 108 CFU/ml of bacteria. The animals were inoculated at baseline and on the 15th day of follow‐up. Blood collection was performed at baseline and 60 min after each inoculation. At 29 days, the animals were subjected to echocardiography and at 30 days to haemodynamic studies before sacrificing them.

Results

Impact of the bacteria was more evident in rats that received higher P. gingivalis concentration. Thus, 3 × 108 CFU/ml of bacteria increased the rectal temperature and water content in the lung as well as myocardial necrosis and fibrosis. P. gingivalis induced the intensification of DNA fragmentation and increased the levels of malondialdehyde, oxidized proteins, and macrophage expression in the myocardium. These findings were associated with lower LV isovolumetric relaxation time, +dP/dt, –dP/dt, and higher end‐diastolic pressure.

Conclusions

P. gingivalis bacteraemia is significantly associated with adverse cardiac remodelling and may play a biological role in the genesis of heart failure.
Digital insertion of Foley catheter 16F versus 22F versus 28F in unripe cervix labor induction: A randomized trial
Authors: Lim Boon K. , Zakaria Rohaida , Hong Jesrine G. S. , Omar Siti Z. , Sulaiman Sofiah , Tan Peng C.
Published: January 2022

Aim

To explore digital insertion in dorsal recumbent position of 16F, 22F, or 28F catheter bores on insertion failure, duration, and pain in unripe cervix labor induction.

Methods

A randomized trial was performed in a University hospital in Malaysia. Term women scheduled for labor induction, Bishop score ≤ 5, singleton, cephalic presentation, intact membrane, and reassuring pre‐induction fetal heart rate tracing were recruited. Women with known gross fetal anomaly, allergy to latex and inability to consent or language difficulty were excluded. Participants were randomized to 16F, 22F, or 28F Foley catheter. Primary outcome was insertion failure and main secondary outcomes were insertion duration and pain (assessed by a Visual Numerical Rating Scale [VNRS] 0–10, higher score more pain). Analysis is done by analysis of variance (ANOVA), Kruskal–Wallis, and chi square test across the three arms and by t test and Mann–Whitney U test for pair wise comparisons.

Results

One hundred twenty‐seven participants' data were analyzed. The insertion failure 7/43(16%) versus 4/42(10%) versus 5/42(12%), p = 0.64, insertion duration median [IQR] 2.8 [1.8–4.8] versus 2.8 [1.7–3.7] versus 2.8 [1.7–4.3] min, p = 0.68 and insertion pain VNRS mean {SD} 4.2 {2.5} versus 3.4 {2.3} versus 3.6 {2.2}, p = 0.26, insertion to delivery interval 26.0 {9.7} versus 25.6 {9.1} versus 22.8 {7.4} h, p = 0.45, and spontaneous vaginal delivery 20/43 (45%) versus 23/42(55%) versus 25/42(60%), p = 0.48 for 16F versus 22F versus 28F arms, respectively. Pairwise comparisons were not different.

Conclusion

Foley catheter 16F versus 22F versus 28F resulted in similar digital insertion performance in the dorsal recumbent position for unripe cervix labor induction. Clinical Trial Registration: https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN21224268.
Psychological health associated with prenatal screening in low‐risk pregnancy for chromosomal aneuploidy
Authors: Dadkhah Aazam , Kazemi Ashraf , Torabi Fatemeh
Published: January 2022

Aims

The aim of this study was to assess the psychological health associated with prenatal screening in low‐risk pregnancy for chromosomal aneuploidy.

Methods

This longitudinal study was performed on 310 low‐risk pregnancies for chromosomal aneuploidies. Using the standard DASS‐21 questionnaire, levels of stress, anxiety, and depression were assessed—prior to the recommended time for the first‐trimester screening test (T1), after the first‐trimester tests on the second referral (T2) concurrently with the request for the second‐trimester tests (T3)—and compared between women undergoing the prenatal screening and in women refusing it.

Results

The results showed that the mean of stress, anxiety, and depression levels were not different between groups at T1; but the level of the stress, depression, and anxiety were higher in the screening group than the non‐screening group. The effect of group on changes in the stress, depression, and anxiety levels was significant.

Conclusion

The results revealed that the prenatal screening program in low‐risk pregnancies for chromosomal aneuploidy can be followed by rising psychological symptoms and this psychological burden should be conceded on prenatal screening tests for pregnant women.
An In Vitro Evaluation of the Effect of 3D Printing Orientation on the Accuracy of Implant Surgical Templates Fabricated By Desktop Printer
Authors: Tahir Nimra , Abduo Jaafar
Published: January 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of different 3D printing orientations on internal and seating accuracy of implant surgical templates fabricated by a digital light processing (DLP) printer.

Materials and methods

A single maxillary model with a missing central incisor was used to design a surgical template for single implant placement. According to the printing orientation, three surgical template groups were included in the study: horizontal (H), angled (A) and vertical (V) (n = 10). For the H group, the templates were produced parallel to the printing platform, while for the V group, the templates were perpendicular to the platform. The A group templates had a 45° angle orientation to the platform. Each template was scanned at the fitting surface and after seating on the master model. The internal accuracy involved measuring the trueness and precision of the internal surface, while for the seating accuracy, the vertical discrepancy after seating the template was measured. To determine the difference among the groups, ANOVA test was applied followed by Tukey post hoc tests (α = 0.05).

Results

The H group had the lowest internal surface inaccuracy (trueness = 100.7 μm; precision = 69.1 μm) followed by A (trueness = 114.0 μm; precision = 77.3 μm) and V (trueness = 120.3 μm; precision = 82.4 μm) groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Similarly, the H group had the most superior seating accuracy (543.8 μm) followed by A group (1006.0 μm) and V group (1278.0 μm), respectively (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The orientation of 3D printing of implant surgical templates fabricated by the DLP desktop printer influenced the accuracy of the templates. The horizontally printed templates consistently exhibited superior accuracy. To reduce deviation of implant placement, it is recommended to print the surgical templates with their largest dimension parallel to the printing platform.
Effects of connectivity on seed dispersal patterns in hedgerows
Authors: Mony Cendrine , Landais Quentin , Georges Romain , Butet Alain , Burel Françoise , Jambon Olivier , Gouesbet Valérie , Ernoult Aude
Published: January 2022

Question

Habitat isolation is a major driver of biodiversity because it affects dispersal among local communities, especially for plants. Corridors are supposed to facilitate the movement of organisms and hence their effective dispersal, thereby increasing biodiversity. Hedgerows provide favorable habitats for forest plant establishment, but their role in dispersal among forest patches is still unknown. In addition, seeds can be more predated within hedgerows because animal movement is also encouraged by these corridors. We aimed to answer the question: Are plant dispersal and seed removal by animals in connected hedgerows compared with unconnected hedgerows promoted for forest plant species?

Location

Long‐term ecological site “Zone Atelier Armorique”, western France (ca. 150 km2).

Methods

We analyzed seed dispersal along two pathways in 16 woodlots: connected (least‐cost pathways, i.e., optimal corridors); and unconnected high cost pathways (absence of corridor). Using a trap study, we first quantified seed rain and analyzed seed composition after trapped seeds were germinated in the greenhouse. At the same sampling points, we then analyzed the rate at which two different sized seeds were removed from seed baits by animals.

Results

Our results revealed no difference in the number of trapped seeds in connected and unconnected pathways, but did reveal a difference in the number and richness of viable seeds, with corridors having a positive impact. In the predation experiment, the rate of removal of small seeds was higher in connected pathways than in unconnected pathways.

Conclusion

Connectivity enhanced the dispersal of viable forest plant species but also the predation of small seeds, which possibly played a role in their subsequent dispersal. This work highlighted the effect of connectivity on seed dynamics within hedgerows and improves our understanding of the role of hedgerows as stepping‐stones for seed dispersal among forest patches.
Body volume and mass estimation of southern elephant seals using 3D range scanning and neural network models
Authors: Eder Elena B. , Almonacid Jonathan S. , Delrieux Claudio , Lewis Mirtha N.
Published: January 2022

Direct measures of body mass of marine mammals are logistically complicated to obtain even for pinnipeds. An alternative method for mass estimation based on 3D imaging technology and automated processing algorithms, was tested in southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina). Two models of artificial neural networks (ANN)—nonlinear neural network and self‐organizing maps—were trained to compute the volume and to estimate the mass of the digital models, previously obtained by scanning individuals with an infrared light sensor. Body mass estimates were as accurate (mean % error = 4.4) as estimates in previous photogrammetry studies in southern elephant seals and the mass predictive ability of the trained ANN was higher (99% of the variance explained) than other predictive models using photogrammetry in pinniped studies. While this method has proven to produce accurate body mass estimates, it also overcame some of the constraints of other indirect techniques, avoiding animal disturbance caused by physical restraint or chemical immobilization, minimizing risks, and capitalizing on the time working in the field. The results of these estimations were promising, which shows that the proposed methodology can provide adequate results with lower logistic and computational requirements.
Xanthomonas hortorum – beyond gardens: Current taxonomy, genomics, and virulence repertoires
Authors: Dia Nay C. , Morinière Lucas , Cottyn Bart , Bernal Eduardo , Jacobs Jonathan M. , Koebnik Ralf , Osdaghi Ebrahim , Potnis Neha , Pothier Joël F.
Published: January 2022

Taxonomy

Bacteria; Phylum Proteobacteria; Class Gammaproteobacteria; Order Lysobacterales (earlier synonym of Xanthomonadales); Family Lysobacteraceae (earlier synonym of Xanthomonadaceae); Genus Xanthomonas; Species X. hortorum; Pathovars: pv. carotae, pv. vitians, pv. hederae, pv. pelargonii, pv. taraxaci, pv. cynarae, and pv. gardneri.

Host range

Xanthomonas hortorum affects agricultural crops, and horticultural and wild plants. Tomato, carrot, artichoke, lettuce, pelargonium, ivy, and dandelion were originally described as the main natural hosts of the seven separate pathovars. Artificial inoculation experiments also revealed other hosts. The natural and experimental host ranges are expected to be broader than initially assumed. Additionally, several strains, yet to be assigned to a pathovar within X. hortorum, cause diseases on several other plant species such as peony, sweet wormwood, lavender, and oak‐leaf hydrangea.

Epidemiology and control

X. hortorum pathovars are mainly disseminated by infected seeds (e.g., X. hortorum pvs carotae and vitians) or cuttings (e.g., X. hortorum pv. pelargonii) and can be further dispersed by wind and rain, or mechanically transferred during planting and cultivation. Global trade of plants, seeds, and other propagating material constitutes a major pathway for their introduction and spread into new geographical areas. The propagules of some pathovars (e.g., X. horturum pv. pelargonii) are spread by insect vectors, while those of others can survive in crop residues and soils, and overwinter until the following growing season (e.g., X. hortorum pvs vitians and carotae). Control measures against X. hortorum pathovars are varied and include exclusion strategies (i.e., by using certification programmes and quarantine regulations) to multiple agricultural practices such as the application of phytosanitary products. Copper‐based compounds against X. hortorum are used, but the emergence of copper‐tolerant strains represents a major threat for their effective management. With the current lack of efficient chemical or biological disease management strategies, host resistance appears promising, but is not without challenges. The intrastrain genetic variability within the same pathovar poses a challenge for breeding cultivars with durable resistance.

Useful websites

https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/XANTGA, https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/XANTCR, https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/XANTPE, https://www.euroxanth.eu, http://www.xanthomonas.org, http://www.xanthomonas.org/dokuwiki
Timed barium swallow: Esophageal stasis varies markedly across subtypes of esophagogastric junction obstruction
Authors: Sanagapalli Santosh , Plumb Andrew , Sweis Rami
Published: January 2022

Background

Timed barium swallow (TBS) is a recommended ancillary investigation in evaluation of esophagogastric junction (EGJ) obstruction, yet there are little data comparing esophageal stasis across subtypes.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was performed. All type III achalasia diagnosed between November 2016 and November 2020 were included, along with matched numbers of consecutive types I and II and conclusive EGJOO cases with concurrent TBS evaluation. Co‐primary outcomes were TBS retention at 1 and 5 min. Secondary outcomes were symptoms and manometric metrics of EGJ function and peristaltic integrity.

Key Results

One hundred patients were included (25 each of types I‐III and conclusive EGJOO). TBS retention measured by height and width at 1 and 5 min differed significantly across the four subtypes (p < 0.0001 all comparisons), with esophageal stasis tending to be significantly greater for types I and II achalasia (88% and 84% with >5 cm column at 5 min) compared to type III and EGJOO (24% and 8% with >5 cm column; p < 0.0001). Eckardt symptom severity was similar across subtypes (p = 0.30). Magnitude of esophageal stasis and integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) were uncorrelated (R = 0.21). In EGJOO, the number of swallows with intact peristalsis inversely correlated with barium column height (R = −0.49) and those with disordered peristalsis were more likely to have any residual barium at 5 min compared to those without disordered peristalsis (43% vs. 0%; p = 0.02).

Conclusions & Inferences

Timed barium swallow findings differed markedly with significantly less esophageal stasis in type III achalasia and EGJOO, despite similar symptom severity and no correlation between degree of emptying and IRP. Preservation of peristalsis may underlie this finding in EGJOO.
Microbiome profiling reveals that Pseudomonas antagonises parasitic nodule colonisation of cheater rhizobia in Lotus
Authors: Crosbie Duncan B. , Mahmoudi Maryam , Radl Viviane , Brachmann Andreas , Schloter Michael , Kemen Eric , Marín Macarena
Published: January 2022

Nodule microbiota are dominated by symbiotic nitrogen‐fixing rhizobia, however, other non‐rhizobial bacteria also colonise this niche. Although many of these bacteria harbour plant‐growth‐promoting functions, it is not clear whether these less abundant nodule colonisers impact root–nodule symbiosis.

We assessed the relationship between the nodule microbiome and nodulation as influenced by the soil microbiome, by using a metabarcoding approach to characterise the communities inside nodules of healthy and starved Lotus species. A machine learning algorithm and network analyses were used to identify nodule bacteria of interest, which were re‐inoculated onto plants in controlled conditions to observe their potential functionality.

The nodule microbiome of all tested species differed according to inoculum, but only that of Lotus burttii varied with plant health. Amplicon sequence variants representative of Pseudomonas species were the most indicative non‐rhizobial signatures inside healthy L. burttii nodules and negatively correlated with Rhizobium sequences. A representative Pseudomonas isolate co‐colonised nodules infected with a beneficial Mesorhizobium, but not with an ineffective Rhizobium isolate and another even reduced the number of ineffective nodules induced on Lotus japonicus.

Our results show that nodule endophytes influence the overall outcome of the root–nodule symbiosis, albeit in a plant host‐specific manner.
Anticholinergics and serious adverse events in pediatric procedural sedation: A report of the pediatric sedation research consortiums
Authors: Boriosi Juan P. , Lasarev Michael R. , Peters Megan E. , Ferrazzano Peter , Hollman Gregory A.
Published: January 2022

Background

Pediatric sedation is a clinical activity with potential for serious but rare airway adverse events, particularly laryngospasm. Anticholinergic drugs, atropine and glycopyrrolate, are frequently used with the intention to improve sedation safety by virtue of their antisialagogue effects.

Aims

The objective of this study is to describe the current practice of anticholinergic use in pediatric sedation and to compare the frequency of serious sedation‐related adverse events in patients who received anticholinergics to those who did not.

Methods

We examined prospectively collected data from the Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium database. Patient characteristics, procedure type, sedation provider, sedatives, location of sedation, anticholinergic administered, adverse events, and airway interventions were reported. Propensity score matching and multivariable logistic regression were used to test whether any association exists between anticholinergic use and serious sedation‐related adverse events.

Results

Anticholinergics were administered in 7.1% (n = 18 707) of all cases (n = 263 883) reported between November 2011 and October 2017. When anticholinergics were used, atropine was used in 22% (n = 4111) and glycopyrrolate in 78.1% (n = 14 601) of sedations. Use of anticholinergics was more common in patients with well‐described risk factors for airway adverse events: active/history of upper respiratory infection, history of reactive airway disease/asthma, and exposure to smoke. However, infants and ASA 3 patients were not associated with higher rate of anticholinergic use. Anticholinergic use was independently associated with an increase in the odds of serious adverse events, OR 1.8 (95% CI 1.6–2.1), especially airway adverse events.

Conclusions

In this large Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium study, we found the use of anticholinergic adjuvants independently associated with greater odds of serious adverse events, especially airway adverse events, after adjusting for well‐known sedation risk factors using propensity score matching and multivariate analysis.
Peace in the Face of the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Making Sense of the Paralysis at the UN Security Council
Authors: Mbombo Jean‐Marie Kasonga
Published: January 2022

The coronavirus that made its first apparition in 2019 in Wuhan, China, has proven to be more lethal than a bullet; it continues to claim thousands of deaths out of a growing number of infected people worldwide, and we are no way near its ending. The pandemic threatens to wipe out the billion poor that lack the means to purchase needed equipment for disease control and production of vaccines. This article attempts to address the question as to why all‐time military preparation aimed at securing the survival of states does not tally with the readiness to fight pandemics and ensure the well‐being of citizens. In the tradition of the Frankfurt school of critical theory, it seeks to explain and evaluate the paralysis of the United Nations Security Council to walk the talk at a time when collective response to fight a common enemy (COVID‐19) is urgently needed. While each nation takes a sole‐ranger approach toward the global pandemic, safety measures adopted by the World Health Organization constitute a covert recognition of the human agency that is needed for the promotion of peace that is associated with citizens' well‐being.
Comparison of clinical and laboratory features in coronavirus disease 2019 and pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome patients
Authors: Yakut Nurhayat , Yuksel Emrullah , Algul Mahmut , Armut Mustafa , Sahin Burhaneddin , Karagoz Gamze , Yakut Kahraman , Kilinc Arda , Tanidir Ibrahim Cansaran
Published: January 2022

Background

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome (PIMS) are a major public health issue affecting many people worldwide. Although there are new studies in children, little is known about these two new conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the clinical and laboratory features of children with COVID‐19 and PIMS.

Methods

We conducted a prospective, single‐center study of pediatric COVID‐19 and PIMS at a tertiary care hospital in Turkey between November 2020 and March 2021.

Results

A total of 115 patients with COVID‐19 and PIMS were examined during the study period. The median age was 60 (range, 1–215) months and 64% of the patients were male. The most common clinical symptoms were fever (70%) and cough (43%). Conjunctivitis and skin rash were not seen in PIMS patients. Of all patients, 64% had a history of close contact in household. Lymphopenia was present in 34/115 (30%) patients. Acute phase reactants were significantly higher in PIMS patients. Abnormal chest computed tomography scan findings were detected in 68% of the patients, while 36% had abnormal echocardiographic findings. In multivariate analysis, longer duration of fever, diarrhea, lower thrombocyte and higher neutrophil count were significantly associated with diagnosis of PIMS. The treatment included antibiotics, favipiravir, intravenous immunoglobulin, corticosteroids, interleukin‐1 blockade. and supportive therapy. Seven patients (6%) required intensive care support. All patients were discharged without any complications, except one who died.

Conclusions

Longer duration of fever, diarrhea, lower thrombocyte, and higher neutrophil count can warn clinicians for diagnosis of PIMS.
Building blocks of idea generation and implementation in teams: A meta‐analysis of team design and team creativity and innovation
Authors: Byron Kris , Keem Sejin , Darden Tanja , Shalley Christina E. , Zhou Jing
Published: January 2022

Although organizations increasingly rely on teams to innovate, little systematic knowledge exists about how to design teams to do so. Building on the model of collaborative creativity and innovation and synthesizing findings from published and unpublished studies, this meta‐analysis examines the role of team design on team creativity and innovation. We used random‐effects meta‐analysis to cumulate the correlations between different features of team design and team creativity or team innovation from 134 field studies representing 11,353 teams and 35 studies representing 2,485 student teams. We found that team tenure is curvilinearly related, autonomy‐supportive leadership, task interdependence, and goal interdependence are positively related, and demographic diversity and team size are unrelated to team creativity and innovation. Examining meta‐analytic path models, we found that task interdependence and supportive leadership positively relate to team creativity and innovation via team collaboration and team potency. In accounting for the literature, we found a dearth of studies examining team processes, some types of diversity such as racial diversity, and the role of team member turnover. We conclude by providing directions for future research and practical guidance about increasing team creativity and innovation through team design.
Knowledge‐first perceptual epistemology: A comment on Littlejohn and Millar
Authors: de Bruijn David
Published: January 2022

According to epistemological disjunctivism (ED), ordinary perceptual experience ensures an opportunity for perceptual knowledge. In recent years, two distinct models of this idea have been developed. For Duncan Pritchard (Epistemological disjunctivism, 2012, Oxford University Press; Epistemic angst: Radical skepticism and the groundlessness of our believing, 2012, Princeton University Press), perception provides distinctly powerful reasons for belief. By contrast, Clayton Littlejohn (Journal of Philosophical Research, 41, 201; Knowledge first, 2017, Oxford University Press; Normativity: Epistemic and practical, 2018, Oxford University Press) and Alan Millar (The nature and value of knowledge: Three investigations, 2010, Oxford University Press; Philosophical Issues, 21, 332) argue for a version of ED in terms of a “knowledge first” program, on which perception directly provides knowledge, without relying on antecedent reasons or justification. Specifically, both Littlejohn and Millar argue that “reasons first” ED faces a problematic regress. In this article, I defend “reasons first” ED by arguing that experience provides a type of reason that escapes the regress. I also argue that reasons are a fundamental aspect of ED, especially in its anti‐skeptical stance.
High-Dimensional, Multiscale Online Changepoint Detection
Authors: Chen Yudong , Wang Tengyao , Samworth Richard J.
Published: January 2022

We introduce a new method for high-dimensional, online changepoint detection in settings where a p-variate Gaussian data stream may undergo a change in mean. The procedure works by performing likelihood ratio tests against simple alternatives of different scales in each coordinate, and then aggregating test statistics across scales and coordinates. The algorithm is online in the sense that both its storage requirements and worst-case computational complexity per new observation are independent of the number of previous observations; in practice, it may even be significantly faster than this. We prove that the patience, or average run length under the null, of our procedure is at least at the desired nominal level, and provide guarantees on its response delay under the alternative that depend on the sparsity of the vector of mean change. Simulations confirm the practical effectiveness of our proposal, which is implemented in the R package ocd, and we also demonstrate its utility on a seismology data set.
Faculty support bundle for simulation education
Authors: Musits Andrew N. , Merritt Chris , Petrone Gianna , Merritt Rory , Brown Linda L. , Wing Robyn , Smith Jessica L. , Tubbs Robert , Moretti Katelyn , Clyne Brian
Published: January 2022

Background

Postgraduate training programmes rely on faculty to meet core educational needs, including simulation. Time is arguably the most valuable resource for academic physicians, which presents a challenge for recruiting faculty to provide extra‐clinical teaching. To increase faculty engagement in simulation‐based education (SBE), we first identified barriers to participation. Next, we sought to overcome barriers using a self‐determination theory (SDT) framework to increase motivation using strategies that addressed faculty autonomy, competence and relatedness.

Methods

Faculty from a single department of emergency medicine were surveyed about factors influencing participation in SBE. Responses were grouped into themes and used to develop the intervention—a faculty support bundle—to overcome common barriers and promote participation. Supports focused on course materials, organisational consistency and peer recognition. Faculty participation in SBE pre‐ and post‐implementation of the support bundle was analysed via chi‐squared analysis. Faculty who delivered SBE were resurveyed after the implementation phase to explore how the support bundle affected their experience.

Results

Initial survey response was 41%. Reported barriers to participation in SBE included scheduling issues, preparation time, competing responsibilities, lack of confidence with simulation and lack of interest. Twenty‐four faculty participated in SBE during the pre‐implementation phase, compared to 39 post implementation (p = 0.03).

Discussion

The faculty support bundle increases faculty participation in SBE. Strategies focused on internal motivators identified using an SDT framework. In contrast to traditional external motivators, these were no cost interventions. Those seeking to increase faculty participation in SBE should consider implementing similar strategies.
Bilateral servicification in global value chains and deep trade agreements
Authors: Díaz‐Mora Carmen , García‐López Erena , González‐Díaz Belén
Published: January 2022

International trade has been transformed by participation in global value chains (GVCs), where services linkages play a critical role. Recent studies examine the impact of deep trade agreements on GVC‐related trade, but none of them focusses on GVC‐related services. Using the gravity framework, this paper investigates the impact of trade agreements with substantial provisions on services on bilateral foreign services value added embodied in manufacturing exports. We also consider the depth of these agreements and explore the asymmetric effects depending on the partners’ income level, the EU membership and on the direction of the trade flows. The analysis reveals that deep trade agreements with services provisions boost embodied services value added from partner countries, with larger impacts for deeper agreements. Moreover, there are heterogeneous effects, which are particularly significant for North–North flows and for embodied services value added from EU countries. Therefore, those deep trade agreements seem to allow the EU to exploit its comparative advantage in services and, consequently, strengthen intra‐EU GVCs and GVCs with non‐EU countries.
Faltings height and Néron–Tate height of a theta divisor
Authors: de Jong Robin , Shokrieh Farbod
Published: January 2022

We prove a formula, which, given a principally polarized abelian variety $(A,\lambda )$ over the field of algebraic numbers, relates the stable Faltings height of $A$ with the Néron–Tate height of a symmetric theta divisor on $A$. Our formula completes earlier results due to Bost, Hindry, Autissier and Wagener. The local non-archimedean terms in our formula can be expressed as the tropical moments of the tropicalizations of $(A,\lambda )$.
Cuerpas, memorias y resistencias: prácticas artísticas en el Chile de excepción
Authors: Silva Flores Viviana
Published: January 2022

Desde el 18 de octubre de 2019 “Chile cambió”, mediante un efervescente estallido social que puso en la palestra las desigualdades del sistema político, económico y social que por años ha sumido a la mayoría de la población a una vida sin bienestar. Tras dicho “estallido”, el Gobierno declaró el estado de excepción de la mano de una violencia estatal no vista desde la última dictadura, que disparó en la memoria colectiva imágenes de nuestro pasado reciente y nos violentó física y simbólicamente. Una irrupción en el campo de lo mnemotécnico que puso de manifiesto las relaciones abiertas entre pasado y presente, e hizo patente nuestras formas de resistencia y sus continuidades. Así como en la autarquía diversas mujeres artistas y ciudadanas pusieron en escena sus cuerpas mediante valientes y creativas acciones que evidenciaron la violencia impuesta, hoy otras prácticas artísticas y estético-políticas vuelven a colocar la cuerpa en el espacio público para imaginar una vida que sea vivible. Con ellas, con sus acciones y prácticas artísticas, transitamos por algunas obras de arte, acciones y performances que en su praxis social nos acercan a los desafíos actuales en defensa de la vida. Obras que invocan esa otra escritura de la historia para crear no solo nuevas formas de hacer y narrar nuestras corporalidades y subjetividades fracturadas, sino también articular y potenciar desde lo colectivo nuestras memorias y resistencias para transformar el/nuestro mundo.
Tercer paisaje y Jardín de la resistencia en los escombros de la revuelta en Santiago de Chile
Authors: Márquez Francisca , Reyes Margarita
Published: January 2022

Se reflexiona sobre el proceso de construcción del jardín de la resistencia en la Estación de Metro Baquedano, espacio urbano transformado en epicentro de las movilizaciones sociales ocurridas desde el 18 de octubre 2019 en Santiago de Chile. A partir del trabajo de observación etnográfica, se describe el proceso de organización social que conduce a la elaboración de este jardín y se analizan las dimensiones que este espacio de naturaleza ofrece a la construcción de un tercer paisaje en medio de la ciudad, esto es, un paisaje donde las plantas nativas, medicinales y espontáneas crecen en medio de los escombros (metro), y que opera como metáfora de la explosión de ira y la violencia desplegada en los meses que dura la protesta. Entre escombros, grafitis, acciones de arte y la toxicidad de la revuelta, la vegetación crece para conmemorar a los caídos y recordarnos la cualidad resiliente de la vida y que, como todo tercer paisaje, este es un espacio que no expresa ni el poder ni la sumisión a este, por lo que permite construir una comunidad emocional desde la rebeldía y la belleza. Se concluye que, como fragmento irresoluto, el jardín abre la posibilidad de que la naturaleza tome protagonismo y proponga un nuevo orden, una evolución conjunta, recíproca y horizontal de los seres que lo habitan en medio del desorden y borramiento en el centro de la ciudad.
La incidencia del principio de participación ambiental en la teoría del acto administrativo
Authors: Sánchez-Zapata Diana Carolina , Vergara-Mesa Hernán Darío
Published: January 2022

El artículo hace un análisis de la transformación de las decisiones unilaterales de la administración, a partir de la repercusión del principio de participación en el proceso de configuración de las decisiones administrativas, con el fin de aportar en la comprensión de una teoría del acto administrativo adaptable al ordenamiento jurídico colombiano. Se acude metodológicamente a la propuesta de revisión dogmática del derecho administrativo, y a los aportes de la parte especial del derecho administrativo para una reconstrucción de la teoría general. Se propone, así, el estudio del procedimiento administrativo especial para el otorgamiento de las licencias ambientales en Colombia como un “sector de referencia” que permite, conforme a los hallazgos obtenidos, el análisis y revisión de los elementos del acto administrativo y de las consecuencias dogmáticas con respecto a su validez, más allá del vicio por expedición irregular por afectación de su elemento formal, y abre la posibilidad de plantear la configuración de otros vicios relacionados con los elementos competencial,  objetivo o finalístico, cuando los actos se expidan sin satisfacer los estándares de participación y justicia ambiental.
La publicidad comercial y el niño, niña y adolescente en el derecho chileno: un intento de sistematización y determinación de la tutela aplicable
Authors: López Díaz Patricia Verónica
Published: January 2022

El presente artículo aborda la protección que el ordenamiento jurídico chileno dispensa al niño, niña y adolescente frente a la publicidad comercial. La metodología empleada consiste en examinar la normativa vigente, las sentencias de los tribunales de justicia y los dictámenes éticos del Consejo de Autorregulación y Ética Publicitaria (CONAR) que se han pronunciado sobre los supuestos en que sus derechos han sido vulnerados. La conclusión a la que se arriba es que si bien dicha protección no está expresamente regulada debe otorgarse para garantizar la observancia de ciertos derechos fundamentales de los que ellos son titulares y que puede alcanzarse recurriendo a la publicidad agresiva, abusiva y engañosa, que gozan de sustento normativo en nuestro derecho.
Las patentes farmacéuticas en razón de la covid-19 desde la perspectiva del law and economics movement
Authors: Bernal Ramírez (Q.E.P.D.) Edwin Jesith , Aguirre Soriano David Andrés
Published: January 2022

Este trabajo tiene por objeto dilucidar el dilema relativo al monopolio explotación creado en virtud de las patentes de invención farmacéuticas, que si bien incentivan la innovación, a su vez, representan obstáculos para el acceso a medicamentos esenciales, por cuanto un bien patentado, por lo general se venderá a altos costos en el mercado. Ello repercute en el disfrute y goce del derecho a la salud de los pacientes, al ser bienes con poca elasticidad o sustitutos cercanos, mientras se encuentre en vigor la patente; ningún otro competidor podrá efectuar sin autorización del titular los actos mencionados en el artículo 28 del Acuerdo sobre los Aspectos de los Derechos de Propiedad Intelectual relacionados con el Comercio.
Reconfigurable Robotic System Design With Application to Cleaning and Maintenance
Authors: Hayat A. A. , Yi Lim , Kalimuthu M. , Elara M. R. , Wood K. L.
Published: January 2022

The design of cleaning and maintenance (CaM) robots is generally limited by their fixed morphologies, resulting in limited functions and modes of operation. Contrary to fixed shape robots, the design of reconfigurable robots presents unique challenges in designing their system, subsystems, and functionalities with the scope for innovative operational scenarios and achieving high performance in multiple modalities without compromise. This paper proposes a heuristic framework using three layers, namely input, formulation, and output layer, for designing reconfigurable robots with the aid of established transformation principles including expand/collapse, expose/cover, and fuse/divide observed in several products, services, and systems. We apply this heuristic framework approach to the novel design of a pavement CaM robotic system and subsystems, namely, (i) varying footprint, (ii) transmission, (iii) outer skin or cover, (iv) storage bin, (v) surface cleaning, and (vi) vacuum/suction and blowing. The advances in the design method using the heuristic approach are demonstrated by developing an innovative reconfigurable design for the CaM task. Kinematic analysis and control architecture enables the unique locomotion behavior and gaits, namely, (a) static reconfiguration and (b) reconfiguration while locomotion, supported by the control architecture. Experiments were conducted, and outcomes were discussed along with the failure mode analysis to support the design robustness and limitations through the observations made from the development to testing phase over one year. A detailed video demonstrating the design capabilities is linked.
Morphological ontogeny and ecology of Platynothrus punctatus (Acari, Oribatida, Camisiidae), with comments on Platynothrus Berlese
Authors: Seniczak Stanisław , Seniczak Anna , Kaczmarek Sławomir , Marquardt Tomasz , Ondoño Emilia F. , Coulson Stephen J.
Published: January 2022

The morphology of species of Platynothrus Berlese, 1913 is insufficiently known. For example, in most species the number of hyposthomal setae, which is probably species-specific, is unknown. Moreover, the number of leg setae and their chaetotaxy are poorly documented which might cause difficulties in identification and species comparison. In this paper, the morphological ontogeny of Platynothrus punctatus (L. Koch, 1879) is redescribed and illustrated and this species is further characterised using DNA barcoding techniques. In all juveniles the bothridial seta is minute, exobothridial seta exa is short and exp is alveolar. In the larva, seta f1 is setiform, but in the nymphs it is alveolar. Most prodorsal and gastronotal setae of the larva are short and of nymphs are of medium size. The larva has one pair of hyposthomal setae m, protonymph has two pairs, whereas the deutonymph, tritonymph and adult have three, four and five pairs respectively. During the ontogeny of this species, additional l seta appear on trochanter III and all femora, and l and v setae on tarsi. The number of setae on femora of deutonymph to adult is considered species-specific. In all instars, seta d coupled to solenidion is present on all genua and tibiae.
Where are female editors from low-income and middle-income countries? A comprehensive assessment of gender, geographical distribution and country’s income group of editorial boards of top-ranked rehabilitation and sports science journals
Authors: Memon Aamir Raoof , Ahmed Ishtiaq , Ghaffar Nabiha , Ahmed Kainat , Sadiq Iqra
Published: January 2022

Objective

We aimed to examine the gender, geographical region and income group of the country of affiliation for editorial leadership (eg, editor-in-chief, section editor, associate editor) and advisors (eg, editorial board members) in top-ranked rehabilitation and sports science journals.

Methods

A list of Scopus indexed, Q1 (25% top) rehabilitation and sports science journals, available under four different journal categories, was prepared based on the data from the Scientific Journal Rankings (SJR) website. The information for editorial leadership and advisors for these journals was obtained and their gender was determined through a multistep process. The country of affiliation of editorial leadership and advisors was used to categorise them to World Bank’s different geographical regions and income groups (for countries).

Results

There were 7248 editors (35.7% leadership and 64.3% advisors) across 113 rehabilitation and sports science journals. Of all editors, 1792 (24.7%) were women. Women represented 24.5% of editorial leadership positions, 24.8% of advisory roles and 10.4% of editors-in-chief. Editors from South Asia (0.5%) and sub-Saharan Africa (0.6%) had the least representation, while those affiliated with institutions from high-income countries represented 93.5% of leadership roles and 93.1% of advisory positions. Moreover, editors affiliated with institutions from North America occupied almost half of all editorial roles.

Conclusions

Women and researchers affiliated with institutions from low-income and middle-income countries are under-represented on the editorial boards of top-ranked rehabilitation and sports science journals indexed in the Scopus database. Editors are responsible for promoting research in their specific field, and therefore, the current leadership in rehabilitation and sports science journals should consider diversifying their editorial boards by providing equitable opportunities to women and researchers from a broader geographical distribution.
Role of HLA-DQ typing and antitissue transglutaminase antibody titres in diagnosing coeliac disease among Sudanese children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ibaid Ibtihag , Hussien Mohammed , Kaukinen Katri , Sabir Omayma , Elmekki Miskelyemen , Musa Azza , Abdelhadi Nasreldein , El Hussein Abdel Rahim , Saavalainen Päivi
Published: January 2022

Objective

The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of coeliac disease (CD) and to recognise Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-associated hereditary susceptibility to Sudanese CD patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1).

Design

Antitissue transglutaminase IgA (anti-TG IgA) was measured in the serum of 373 children affected with DM1 aged 1–19-year old and in 100 serum samples from non-diabetic control children. Histological examination was performed in 19 children seropositive for anti-TG IgA (17 DMI and 2 controls). Additionally, PCR-based analysis of Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1 (HLA-DQB1) genotyping was implemented in three study population groups as follows: group 1 (n=25) (+ve DM1 and +ve CD), group 2 (n=63) (-ve DM1 and +ve CD) and control group 3 (n=2) (+ve CD).

Results

Twenty-six Sudanese children with DM1 out of 373 (6.97%) were seropositive for anti-TG IgA. Duodenal biopsy revealed Marsh 2 and 3 in 13 out of 17 (76.47%) seropositive anti-TG IgA patients with DM1. Significant association (p<0.05) was detected between the level of anti-TG IgA autoantibodies (IU/mL) and Marsh stage. HLA DQ2 and DQ8 were found in 88% (22/25) and 8% (2/25) of examined patients with CD with DM1, respectively.

Conclusions

Anti-TG IgA titre of greater than 10 times upper limit of normal (≥10× ULN) can be useful for detecting CD in children with type 1 diabetes without duodenal biopsy. HLA testing in children with DM1 appears to provide little added benefit given the high prevalence (96%) of HLA DQ2/DQ8 in children with DM1.