bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of antithrombin III deficiency in pregnancy: a representative case and a literature review
Authors: Akinshina S. V. , Genina P. K. , Bitsadze V. O. , Khizroeva J. Kh. , Tsibizova V. I. , Makatsariya A. D.
Published: September 2021

The work is aimed at discussing pregnancy management for the most thrombogenic genetic thrombophilia - antithrombin III (AT-III) deficiency. A detailed analysis of the literature and clinical case of pregnancy management in a patient with AT-III deficiency, pulmonary embolism and habitual history of miscarriage has been performed and presented. Patients with AT-III deficiency are at high risk for developing thrombotic and obstetric complications even despite using therapeutic doses of anticoagulants. Indications for use and modes of administration of AT-III concentrate have not been currently defined clearly. Monitoring therapy with low molecular weight heparin is largely complicated because a test for determining anti-Xa activity is AT-III-dependent. In addition to standard methods for controlling antithrombotic therapy, we used tests characterizing the dynamic blood clot parameters: thromboelastography and thrombin generation test. The peak risk resulting in both thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications in such patients occurs during period of labor and the postpartum period, when a change in the regimen of anticoagulant therapy is required with its temporary withdrawal and additional administration of AT-III concentrate.
Advisory Board conclusion following the discussion "Controversial issues of low molecular weight heparins use in obstetrics"
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: September 2021

Antithrombotic therapy is often used during pregnancy for the treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism, systemic embolism in patients with heart valve prostheses, for prevention of foetal loss in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome, placenta-mediated complications. In common, low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) have largely replaced unfractionated heparin as the anticoagulant. However, in case of placenta-mediated complications it has off-label status. The effectiveness and safety of the LMWHs in pregnant women at an increased risk of placenta-mediated complications is discussed in this review. LMWH is effective, safety, easy to administer and associated with a low incidence of foetal and maternal complications.
Clinical analysis of the causes of complications of physiotherapy of vertebral syndrome with neurological manifestations of lumbar osteochondrosis
Authors: Podolskaya М. A.
Published: September 2021

100 cases of inefficient use of physiotherapy of vertebral syndrome with neurological manifestations of lumbar osteochondrosis were analysed: main causes of these complications were found: typical faults of physiotherapists, neuropathologists and cases of patients' misperformance of procedures and infringement of the prescribed regimen were revealed.
Phenomenology of changed cognitive states in paraphilia
Authors: Tkachenko A. A. , Vvedensky G. Е. , Shemyakina Т. К.
Published: September 2021

The results of clinicopsychopathological examination of 200 men against whom legal proceedings were instituted for sex offences were presented. Common for them were perceptual disturbances in the form of dere alization, states of "deja vu" and "jamais vu", decrease or complete disappearance of perception stimuli of every modality; disorientation in space and time, own persona lity; disturbance of associative sphere; speech and motor automatism; disturbance of memory in the form of hy permnesia, "dissociation" amnesia etc. 5 kinds of state of disturbance of consciousness were distinguished those resembling "special'' Gurevich states of consciousness, dissociative disturbance .of consciousness in the form of trance, with diencephalic symptomatology prevalence, twilight states, affectively narrowed disturbance of consciousness.
Craniographic changes in brain tumors
Authors: Kamalov I. I.
Published: September 2021

X-ray diagnostics of brain tumors is described in sufficient detail in the literature [1,2,3,4]. The advantage in detecting indirect changes in the bones of the skull in brain tumors still remains with the usual X-ray examination. Even a standard craniographic examination provides a lot of information.
Complications of pregnancy and childbirth in patients with diseases of the nervous system, their prevention and treatment
Authors: Ryzhkov V. D.
Published: September 2021

An urgent problem of modern medicine is the development of measures for the prevention and treatment of neurological disorders before and during pregnancy. They are most often observed in patients with somatic and other pathologies.
Kazan in the formation of domestic neurosurgery
Authors: Shulman Н. М. , Ismagilov М. F. , Danilov V. I. , Gorozhanin А. V. , Chekalin L. А.
Published: September 2021

The nineties of the last century were characterized by a happy coincidence of circumstances for Kazan University. During this period, conditions and material prerequisites arose for the fruitful study of the problems of physiology, morphology and pathology of the nervous system.
Life and career of Professor Alexei Vasilievich Favorsky
Authors: Ismagilov М. F. , Yamaleeva G. R. , Kadyrova L. M.
Published: September 2021

The history of the life and work of Aleksey Vasilyevich Favorsky is the path of becoming a bright personality, a neurologist - from a resident student to a professor and head of the Department of Nervous Diseases of Kazan University and GIDUV, Dean of the Faculty of Medicine of Kazan University.
Prominent Russian scientist Vladimir Vasilievich Nikolaev
Authors: Kudrin A. N. , Zatsepilova Т. A. , Ryazhenov V. V.
Published: September 2021

Fundamental discoveries in the field of physiology, histology, pharmacology were made by outstanding talented scientists of Russia since the middle of the 19th century. They had priority in studies on the role of the central nervous system in the innervation of the heart, the morphological structure of the peripheral part of the autonomic nervous system of the heart and other organons, as well as in studies of the effect of pharmacological substances - atropine, muscarine, nicotine, chloroform on heart function.
Resolution of the VII All-Russian Congress of Neurologists October 10-12, 1995
Authors: Gusev Е. I. , Burd G. S.
Published: September 2021

In the years that have passed since the VI All-Russian Congress of Neurologists (1990, Ivanovo), the activities of the Society have become more active and diverse. A new charter of the Society was adopted, which significantly expanded the rights of the regional branches of the Society within each region (independent financial and economic activity, new forms of activity due to the characteristics of the region, its own seal and other attributes).
Emotional disturbances in patients with different clinical variations of multiple sclerosis and their correlation with MRT findings
Authors: Matveyeva T. V. , Mendelevich V. D. , Rechanik D. P.
Published: September 2021

In patients with multiple sclerosis structural and dynamic clinical characteristics with evaluation on the scale of disability EDSS and their correlation with the results of experimental and psychologic investigations, directed to the estimation are studied. Correlation of intellectual and emotional disorders with clinical characteristics and peculiarities of MRT picture are determined. Use of different methods of psychocorrection and psychotherapy in multiple sclerosis patients is suggested.
Biological backlink in multiple sclerosis treatment
Authors: Zaslavsky L. G. , Zhukovskaya N. V. , Skorometz A. A.
Published: September 2021

The results of treatment of 13 patients with reliably determined multiple sclerosis considering biological backlink are described. A combined method of psychoemotional correction developed by Biosvyaz company (EEG-BOS) was used. Control group included 15 multiple sclerosis patients getting just the same basic therapy as in the main group, but without BOS. On completion of the course of 13 sessions there was determined a significant and reliable increase of lowered alpha-activity, the increased beta-activity in the majority of patients of the main group being lowered. In control group these changes were not so significant and unreliable. Along with these findings in patients getting EEG-BOS the average level of reactive anxiety lowered by 30%, and in patients of control group only by 15%. It is suggested to use this method for correction of psychoemotional disturbances in multiple sclerosis patients.
Extrapyramidal disorders due to the intake of antipsychotics
Authors: Zalyalova Z. A. , Bogdanov E. I.
Published: September 2021

Among the side effects of taking antipsychotics, the leading place is occupied by extrapyramidal syndromes (ES) - akathisia, acute and tardive dyskinesia, parkinsonism, syndrome of the "leaning tower of Pisa", "rabbit", acute neuroleptic syndrome. The concept of a neuroleptic threshold assumes the simultaneous development of an antipsychotic effect and the emergence of an extrapyramidal syndrome. It has been proven that most antipsychotics have a limited therapeutic dose corridor, and ES caused by antipsychotics, which reduces the quality of life, occurs in 50-60% of cases and is the main reason for stopping treatment with these drugs [19].
Diabetic neuropathies
Authors: Bogdanov E. I. , Talantov V. V. , Mukhamedzyanov R. Z.
Published: September 2021

Diabetic neuropathies (DN) are among the most frequent and serious complications of diabetes [57, 9]. The detection rate of DN in diabetic patients varies greatly depending on their type, selected clinical and instrumental diagnostic criteria and, according to various researchers, ranges from 10 to 90% [16, 33]. At the same time, 1/3 of the polyneuropathies recognized in the neurological clinic are diabetic. In about 10% of cases, neuropathic symptoms are key in the diagnosis of diabetes [25]. DN has not only severe subjective manifestations and pronounced impairments that are objectively detected in them, but also leads to the development of diabetic foot syndrome - the cause of 50 - 70% of cases of all non-traumatic amputations of the legs [3]. In addition, in patients with diabetic visceral autonomic neuropathy, the syndrome of "sudden death" is much more common, and the frequency of painless myocardial infarctions and ischemic strokes is high. Clinical variants of DN are often the main causes of reduced quality of life, disability and disability in patients with diabetes mellitus. It is extremely important to diagnose the early stage of DN, when it is easier to achieve a therapeutic effect through the earliest and most stable provision of optimal control of an adequate level of glycemia and the appointment of means of pathogenetic therapy. Isolation of forms of DN, their diagnosis, treatment and prevention is an urgent clinical task.
Migraine-related seizures in an epileptic population
Authors: Velioglu S. K. , Ozmenoglu M.
Published: September 2021

The existence of a probable relationship between such independent diseases as epilepsy and migraine is supported by the results of a number of independent studies, but the possible mechanisms of this relationship have not yet been fully determined.
Headache in Meniere’s disease
Authors: Eklund S.
Published: September 2021

Meniere's disease is a disease of unknown etiology, the main pathogenetic factors of which are an increase in the amount of labyrinth fluid (endolymph) and an increase in intra-labyrinth pressure, and the leading clinical manifestations are sudden attacks of severe dizziness with loss of balance, nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, hearing loss.
Particle motion along a kinematic fault model
Authors: King Chi-Yu
Published: September 2021

abstract

Particle motion was examined along the following kinematic fault model: the fault plane is a rectangle so elongated that differences in particle motion in the shorter dimension can be neglected and rupture, once initiated, can be considered to propagate only in the longitudinal direction(s) at constant speed; the distribution of particle displacement along the ruptured fault segment maintains the same sinusoidal shape at different times until finally all particles stop simultaneously. It was found that the pattern of particle motion in this model depends on whether the rupture propagates unilaterally or bilaterally. For the bilateral case, particle displacement and velocity are nearly a finite ramp and a box-car function of time, respectively. The maximum particle velocity is the same everywhere along the final ruptured fault segment, but the average velocity is slightly higher for particles closer to the ends. For the unilateral case, particle velocity is approximately an impulse function of time for particles near the starting edge and gradually becomes a box-car function for particles near the ending edge of rupture. The maximum velocity is the same for all particles along the fault segment, but the average velocity is considerably higher for particles closer to the ending edge. It is not a good approximation for either of these cases to assume that all the particles along the fault segment have the same displacement-time function with only a time delay.
Travel-time study of six central Appalachian earthquakes 1962-1968
Authors: Bollinger G. A.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Travel time studies are made of the data from six central Appalachian earthquakes that occurred during the period 1962 through 1968 in the states of Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina. Arrival times from forty-two station-epicenter pairs served as input data for the study. Epicentral locations were obtained for the six events with an average standard deviation for the travel time residuals of 0.5 seconds. Nineteen Pn observations in the distance range of 300 to 800 km yield a composite Pn travel-time curve given by t = ( 8.98 ± 0.14 ) sec + Δ / ( 8.22 ± 0.02 ) km / sec with a 0.19 second standard deviation in the travel-time observations. The inverse slope for the Pg phase was found as 6.24 ± 0.03 km/sec and for the Sg or Lg phases as 3.67 ± 0.02 km/sec.

Magnitude determinations using meus of Evernden (1967) are made for two of the five shocks.
The symmetrical triaxial seismometer—Its design for application to long-period seismometry
Authors: Melton Ben S. , Kirkpatrick B. M.
Published: September 2021

The symmetrical triaxial seismometer is one in which the orthogonal directions of response form equal angles of about 55 degrees with the vertical. The symmetrical design facilitates matching the response of the three elements, and in the long-period configuration minimizes some problems encountered from variations in the natural period caused by local tilting of the earth. A compact design suited to installation in a cased hole is feasible, which in turn permits more widespread application and allows reduction of localized, non-propagating surface noise and tilts.
Application of the bilinear Z-transform method to ground motion studies
Authors: Ray Stagner J. , Hart Gary C.
Published: September 2021

A recursive relationship in the time domain is derived for the response of a single degree of freedom oscillator to an arbitrary digitized ground motion. In developing the relationship the oscillator's continuous frequency response characteristics are expressed in terms of an equivalent sampled function Z-plane representation using the bilinear Z-transform method. Oscillator response time histories and response spectra for prescribed ground motions are compared with exact solutions. Application of the presented method to instrument correction studies is discussed.
Modifications to Willmore's method for calibrating seismographs using a maxwell bridge
Authors: White R. E.
Published: September 2021

The substitution of an oscilloscope as detector into a Willmore bridge circuit allows a simple, accurate, and direct method of calibration for seismometer systems. An example of the method is given and its modification for a seismometer having appreciable inductance is discussed. It is also shown that transient methods do not allow an accurate determination of high-frequency response.
Short-period seismic noise structure at the Norwegian Seismic Array
Authors: Bungum Hilmar , Rygg Eivind , Bruland Leif
Published: September 2021

abstract

Power spectral analysis in frequency-wavenumber space and coherence studies in lag space have shown that the noise recorded by the short period Øyer subarray at NORSAR is critically dependent on the weather situation in the North Atlantic Ocean. In addition to the low-frequency noise from the west, there is observed 2-sec microseisms from the Baltic Sea. Because of the nonisotropic noise, the coherence is usually strongly azimuthal dependent, being represented in lag space by ellipses. Large time variations of the coherence are demonstrated.
Smaller aftershocks of the BENHAM nuclear explosion
Authors: Stauder William
Published: September 2021

abstract

The examination of the BENHAM aftershocks is extended to 162 earthquakes approximately an order of magnitude smaller than those previously studied. The spatial distribution of these smaller events is similar to that found for larger events examined by Hamilton and Healy (1969). Focal mechanisms are also similar to those of the larger aftershocks: dip-slip along northeasterly trending zones and generally strike-slip along a north-south trending zone west of the shot-point. About one third of the mechanism solutions are ambiguous, capable of either interpretation. Amplitude data are successfully used to resolve the ambiguity in about one half of these cases by selecting the solution which gives a notably lesser value of the variance, Σ (∑(Ai, obs − kAi, calc)2/N of the amplitude residuals. The value of k is related to the magnitude of the shocks. A b value of 1.09 indicates that aftershocks of the explosion follow a recurrence rate normal for regional earthquakes or aftershock sequences.
Interferometric calibration of a strainmeter transducer
Authors: Smookler Stanley , Kline John V.
Published: September 2021

abstract

A capacitive-strainmeter transducer is calibrated using a variable-spacing, Fabry-Perot interferometer. Optical flats are mounted on a spring parallelogram. Thermal expansion of a steel tube deforms the parallelogram, smoothly displacing one of the optical flats. This modulates the intensity of the 5016 àline, observed at the central zone of the interference pattern, and thus produces sharp peaks on a pen recorder. A theoretical analysis of the peak width, based on the work of Chabbal (1958), agrees with that recorded by the interferometer. This calibration permits earth-strain measurements to an accuracy of 1 per cent.
Observations of earth surface tilting in Koyna-Pophali region, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Agrawal P. N.
Published: September 2021

abstract

The observations of earth surface tilting in the Koyna-Pophali region employing the Portable Water Tube Tiltmeter system, developed at Roorkee and described in detail here, have been carried out. The results do not reveal any permanent tilt in the Earth's surface layer accompanying the recent seismicity. The discussion of these negative tilt results tends to suggest that the outer Earth's surface layers, i.e., the Deccan Traps are not directly participating in the energy release, and the source of the earthquake activity may be lying at a depth below the Traps.
Microseismicity and tectonics of the Nevada Seismic Zone
Authors: Gumper Frank J. , Scholz Christopher
Published: September 2021

abstract

Microseismicity, composite focal-mechanism solutions, and previously-published focal parameter data are used to determine the current tectonic activity of the prominent zone of seismicity in western Nevada and eastern California, termed the Nevada Seismic Zone. The microseismicity substantially agrees with the historic seismicity and delineates a narrow, major zone of activity that extends from Owens Valley, California, north past Dixie Valley, Nevada. Focal parameters indicate that a regional pattern of NW-SE tension exists for the western Basin and Range and is now producing crustal extension within the Nevada Seismic Zone.

An eastward shift of the seismic zone along the Excelsior Mountains and left-lateral strike-slip faulting determined from a composite focal mechanism indicate transform-type faulting between Mono Lake and Pilot Mountain.

Based on these results and other data, it is suggested that the Nevada Seismic Zone is caused by the interaction of a westward flow of mantle material beneath the Basin and Range Province with the boundary of the Sierra Nevada batholith.
Combination of P and S data for the determination of earthquake focal mechanism
Authors: Chandra Umesh
Published: September 2021

abstract

A method has been proposed for the combination of P-wave first-motion directions and S-wave polarization data for the numerical determination of earthquake focal mechanism. The method takes into account the influence of nearness of stations with inconsistent P-wave polarity observations, with respect to the assumed nodal planes. The mechanism solutions for six earthquakes selected from different geographic locations and depth ranges have been determined. Equal area projections of the nodal planes together with the P-wave first-motion and S-wave polarization data are presented for each earthquake. The quality of resolution of nodal plane determination on the basis of P-wave data, S-wave polarization, and the combination of P and S-wave data according to the present method, is discussed.
Surface motion of a semi-cylindrical alluvial valley for incident plane SH waves
Authors: Trifunac M. D.
Published: September 2021

abstract

The nature of surface motion in and around a semi-cylindrical alluvial valley is investigated for the case of incident plane SH waves. The closed-form analytical solution of this two-dimensional wave-propagation problem displays complicated wave-interference phenomena characterized by nearly-standing wave patterns, rapid changes in the ground-motion amplification along the free surface of the valley, and significant dependence of motion on the incidence angle of SH waves. Although simple, this model may qualitatively explain some vibrating characteristics of long and deep alluvial valleys.
Absence of observable geodetic strain accompanying Danville, California, earthquake sequence
Authors: Savage J. C. , Kinoshita W. T.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Repeated precise measurements of three lines of the California geodimeter network near Danville, California, were undertaken beginning 2 weeks before the largest (ML = 4.25) events in the Danville eathquake swarm and extending over 5 months. The measurements suggest that changes in length of about 1 cm in a direction consistent with right-lateral slip on the Pleasanton fault may have occurred at about the time of the largest shocks. However, the precision of measurement is not sufficient to prove such changes. The evidence does exclude the possibility that changes greater than about 2 cm accompanied the Danville shocks.
A method of correctingP-wave magnitudes for the effect of earthquake focal mechanism
Authors: Syed Atiq A. , Nuttli Otto W.
Published: September 2021

abstract

This paper presents a methodology for correcting body-wave magnitudes for the effect of focal mechanism in a routine manner. The method requires a knowledge of the prevailing or dominant mechanism for a geographic region, from which tables are constructed which enable one to make the necessary correction. Included in the paper are tables for Aleutian Island, Kamchatka and mid-Atlantic Ocean earthquakes.

From a study of seven earthquakes, it is concluded that the present method gives essentially the same average magnitude with the same standard deviation as a more exact method of correcting for the focal mechanism. The latter method uses the focal-mechanism parameters of the earthquake, which must be determined independently for each earthquake.

The existing distribution of seismograph stations is such that transform-fault earthquakes of the mid-Atlantic Ocean will consistently have their P-wave magnitudes underestimated by about 0.2 magnitude units, if no correction is made for the focal mechanism. On the other hand, P-wave magnitudes of earthquakes in Kamchatka and south of the axis of the Aleutian Trench will be overestimated by about 0.2 units.
Free vibration of an unsymmetrical multistoried building modeled as a shear-flexible cantilever beam
Authors: Gibson R. E. , Moody M. L. , Ayre R. S.
Published: September 2021

A solution is presented for the undamped free vibration frequencies and mode shapes of a multistoried building with unsymmetrical floor plan, modeled as a continuous (distributed parameter), shear-flexible cantilever beam. The beam has constant mass per unit length and a linear distribution of elastic shearing resistance (stiffness) along its length. Three coupled, second-order partial-differential equations describe the rotational and lateral motions. Solution of the equations reveals the presence of “coupling modes,” which are dependent on the cross-sectional properties of the beam, and “z-modes,”, which are independent of cross-sectional properties. An exact solution is presented for the coupling modes, and approximate and exact solutions for the z-modes are obtained. Frequencies are given for different linear variations in elastic resistance, and are presented in dimensionless form. A discrete element analysis has been included for purposes of comparison. The results of this paper will be referred to in the accompanying paper entitled “Response Spectrum Solution for Earthquake Analysis of Unsymmetrical Multi-Storied Buildings.”
New noise-reduction technique applied to long-period oscillations from the Alaskan earthquake
Authors: Wiggins Ralph A. , Miller Stephen P.
Published: September 2021

abstract

We develop a method of noise reduction for seismological data in which bursts of noise are detected and replaced with the use of a prediction error operator. The method is applied to the Alaskan earthquake gravimeter record of Slichter. Nearly all long-period energy can be attributed to transient noise in the signal. There is no evidence for a long-period core oscillation.
Theoretical seismograms for the two welded quarter-planes
Authors: Loewenthal Dan , Alterman Z.
Published: September 2021

abstract

The finite difference technique developed by Alterman and Rotenberg (1969) and Alterman and Loewenthal (1970) is applied to the problem of obtaining the motion of a two-dimensional half-space model, consisting of two homogeneous and isotropic welded quarter-spaces of different materials. Two source conditions are considered: an internal impulsive line source acting inside one of the quarter-planes, and an impulsive force acting perpendicular to the free surface.
Rayleigh waves from a moving thrust fault
Authors: Mal A. K.
Published: September 2021

The amplitude of the Rayleigh waves produced by a finite, propagating dip-slip fault of arbitrary orientation in a homogeneous, isotropic half-space is obtained. The fault is assumed to initiate suddenly at depth and to spread unilaterally to the free surface with constant speed. The Rayleigh-wave amplitude ahead of the fault break is shown to be considerably higher than that behind the initial epicenter. There is severe amplitude modulation in the epicentral region caused by the interference of waves traveling in opposite directions. The numerical results indicate that for Rayleigh waves in the period range of interest in earthquake engineering, a number of simplifications can be made in modeling an earthquake source of this type.
Seismic-source energies of underground nuclear explosions
Authors: Perret William R.
Published: September 2021

Records of particle velocity in the free-field geological environment near underground nuclear explosions may be interpreted to yield the energy flux at a measuring station near or within the region of elastic response of the rock. Such data from 21 events in several types of rock have yielded energy fluxes. Total energies associated with the motion propagated into the seismic region have been derived from all but seven of these. The total energies are a measure of the seismic-source strength, and the ratios of these energies to those released by the explosion are measures of the energy coupled into the Earth as seismic motion.

Explosions in granite, dolomite, or wet tuff produce seismic sources of the order of 2 per cent of the explosively released energy. Similar explosions in porous rocks such as dry tuff and desert alluvium provide seismic sources an order of magnitude weaker than those in hard or wet rock.
Angles of incidence of S waves
Authors: Chandra Umesh
Published: September 2021

A table for the angles of incidence of S at the focus and at the Earth's surface, as a function of focal depth and epicentral distance is presented. The calculations are based on Randall's (1971) revised travel-time table for S.
Geomorphic evidence of late Holocene vertical stability in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska
Authors: Morris Robert H. , Bucknam Robert C.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Reconnaissance studies of Holocene coastal geomorphic features of the Aleutian Islands and the western part of the Alaska Peninsula indicate that, despite the high seismicity of the Aleutian Arc, most of the Aleutian Ridge has been vertically stable since at least the time sea level reached about its present position 2,000 to 4,000 years ago. Lack of youthful raised marine terraces, the presence of prograded beach ridges at the same general level as the modern ridge, and the widespread occurrence of a horizontal intertidal platform as much as 400 m wide are the primary lines of evidence for vertical stability. Detection of vertical movement is restricted by the natural vertical range inherent in the various coastal features, but it is believed that uplift of more than the local tidal fluctuation (≈ 2m) would be recognizable. Clear-cut evidence of uplift of coastal features that are thought to date subsequent to the time when sea level reached about its present position has so far been recognized only in a few areas in the Aleutians, and the amount of uplift in those localities is generally only several meters.

The evidence of vertical stability of the Aleutian Ridge in areas near the epicenters of earthquakes associated with destructive tsunamis indicates that large vertical displacements thought to produce tsunamis do not extend to the subaerial part of the ridge. A dislocation model for an underthrusting Pacific plate suggests to us that vertical displacements at the Aleutian Ridge may be only a small fraction of those in the vicinity of the Aleutian Terrace and Trench.
Secular strain measurements before and after the CANNIKIN nuclear test
Authors: Butler David , Brown Paul L.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Secular earth-strain measurements have been made in the central Aleutian Islands during the years 1970 and 1971. An annual variation of about 3 × 10−6 is evident on all records. A residual deformation of less than 3 × 10−6 per year is detected on most records. The state of strain near Amchitka Island, Alaska, at the time of CANNIKIN, November 6, 1971, differed from the state of strain at the time of the MILROW test, October 2, 1969, by less than 1 × 10−5. The strain records also contain novel episodes of large size (1-3 × 10−6) and high strain rate (1 × 10−7 / hr).
Hydrological effects of the CANNIKIN event
Authors: Gonzalez Don Diego , Wollitz L. E.
Published: September 2021

abstract

The hydrological effects of the underground nuclear explosion, CANNIKIN, were monitored by a network of streamflow stations and ground-water boreholes located on Amchitka Island.

Continuous records were obtained from six surface-water stations that range from 1.50 to 14.07 km from surface ground zero (SGZ). Confined fluid pressures in boreholes were recorded at five stations with slant distances ranging from 2.14 to 14.11 km from ground zero (GZ). Fluctuations of water level were measured in one open hole 6.42 km from GZ.

The stream system draining the CANNIKIN site lost 96 per cent of its flow within hours after the explosion. Lakes formed near SGZ remain low in stage and appear to be providing infill water for the rubble chimney. Measurements in boreholes also showed that the ground-water gradient was toward the explosion site. The response of confined fluid pressures was recorded in a number of boreholdes, and a relationship between maximum fluid pressure, P, and slant range, Rs, has been established as P = 920 Rs−2.10.
Reaction of shallow onshore waters to ground shock
Authors: Merritt M. L.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Pressures and accelerations were measured in and near numerous ponds and lakes in Amchitka during the nuclear shot CANNIKIN, using peak measuring and full time-history recording instruments. The resulting pressures and accelerations were similar in wave shape: each showed an initial pulse, a period of free fall during spall, and an impact shock. It is found that when reverberation times in the water are short compared to rise times and other characteristic times of the ground shock, the water responds as a whole, and the pressure in it is proportional to the acceleration. When reverberation times are longer than rise times, pressure overshoots and oscillates about the simple proportionality.
Theoretical and observed distance corrections for Rayleigh-wave magnitude
Authors: Alewine R. W.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Examination of the distance correction factor used in the widely accepted formula for surface-wave magnitude reveals that this empirically derived linear formula fails to give an accurate approximation to the theoretical nonlinear amplitude-distance relation for epicentral distances less than 15°. For epicentral distances greater than 15°, the empirical formula contains an implied oceanic-type energy-dissipation coefficient. When the original Gutenberg theoretical surface-wave magnitude formula with an appropriate continental energy-dissipation coefficient is applied to explosion data from the Nevada Test Site, a consistent surface-wave magnitude is obtained at all distances. A systematic method of normalizing Rayleigh-wave magnitudes obtained over different types of propagation paths is suggested. This normalization might provide a means for better separating natural events and explosions in the mb—Ms plots.
REVIEW OF CITY PARKS IN TERMS OF DISABLED RIGHTS
Authors: Çetişli Korkmaz Nilüfer , Bilek Furkan , Hüzmeli Esra Doğru , Gökçek Özden
Published: September 2021

The creation and presentation of independent and individual spaces for disabled individuals is the most important step of social integration. The main purpose of this report is to investigate whether some city parks in Turkey are suitable or not for the use of disabled individuals. This descriptive research includes the perception of disabled individuals about the city parks in Hatay, Şanlıurfa and Gaziantep provinces. Individuals with disabilities assessed the structure of city parks, ease of use, ergonomics and basic needs with basic 22-questions. The questions focused on respondents' experiences with specific destinations and environmental barriers. 150 disabled individuals, 53 from Hatay, 53 from Şanlıurfa and 44 from Gaziantep, were included in the study. Participants; 29.3% were using wheelchairs, 34% were using electric wheelchairs, 30% were using crutches and 6.7% were not using assistive devices. As a result of the study, it was seen that the parks were not convenient and useful for the disabled individuals. Deficiencies in city parks can avoid evaluating and ensuring the leisure time activities, social compliance and exercise activities for disabled individuals. Thus, we think that these environments can maximize opportunities for leisure activities and social participation by individuals with lifelong disabilities.
ALMANCA ÖĞRETMENLİĞİ HAZIRLIK SINIFI ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN ALMANCA DERSLERİNE YÖNELİK TUTUMLARININ FARKLI DEĞİŞKENLERE GÖRE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Üstün Bilal , Tanrıkulu Lokman
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmada Almanca Öğretmenliği hazırlık sınıfı öğrencilerinin Almanca derslerine yönelik tutumlarının farklı değişkenlere göre karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada araştırma yöntemi olarak tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın evrenini Türk Üniversitelerinde Almanca Öğretmenliği bölümlerinde hazırlık eğitimi alan öğrenciler oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın örneklemini ise Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesinde, Gazi Üniversitesinde, Anadolu Üniversitesinde ve Hakkâri Üniversitesinde Almanca Öğretmenliği hazırlık programı eğitimi alan öğrenciler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada yer alan veriler “Almanca Dersi Tutum Ölçeği” ve “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” ile toplanmıştır. Araştırmada toplanan veriler IBM SPSS 21 paket programı ile analize tabi tutulmuştur. Verilerin analizinde betimleyici istatistiklerden (“frekans, yüzde, aritmetik ortalama”) yararlanılmıştır. Bağımsız değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri çözümlemek amacıyla t-testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) kullanılmıştır. Çoklu karşılaştırmalarda ise farklılığın yönünü belirlemek amacıyla Post-Hoc testlerinden Tukey testi kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde anlamlılık düzeyi 0,05 olarak kabul edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda katılımcıların Almanca derslerine yönelik genel tutumlarının ölçekteki “Katılıyorum” seçeneğine karşılık geldiği belirlenmiştir. Bu veriye dayanarak Yabancı Dil Olarak Almanca Öğretmenliği bölümü öğrencilerinin Almanca derslerine yönelik tutumlarının olumlu olduğu söylenebilir. Araştırmacıların konu ile ilgili farklı örneklem gruplarıyla, daha fazla katılımcıyla ve karma yöntemle yapacakları yeni araştırmaların daha kapsamlı sonuçlara ulaşabilme adına bilimsel açıdan faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir.
TÜRKİYE TÜRKÇESİ AĞIZLARINDA YEMİN İFADELERİ
Authors: Yıldırım Nilüfer
Published: September 2021

Türkiye Türkçesi ağızları zengin bir söz varlığına sahiptir. Geçiş dönemleri olarak adlandırılan doğum, evlilik, ölüm ile hayat boyu gerçekleşen acı-tatlı olaylar karşısında hissedilen duyguların sözcükler aracılığıyla dışavurumunu belgeleyen kalıp ifadeler bakımından sayısız örneği barındıran ağızlar, insanların çeşitli sebeplere bağlı olarak kullandıkları yemin ifadelerini de kapsamaktadır. Güven telkin etmek, iletişime geçilen kişi ya da kişileri söylediklerine inandırmak, ileri sürdüğü iddiasını kutsal olan/olmayan farklı temellere oturtarak güçlü kılmak gibi durumlar, insanı günlük konuşmanın akışı içinde yemin etmeye itmektedir. Bu makalede Türkiye Türkçesi ağızlarında kullanılan yemin ifadeleri ve bu ifadelerin oluşturduğu kalıplar ele alınacaktır. Yemin ifadelerine ait örnekler; Türkiye Türkçesi ağızları ile ilgili yapılmış doktora ve yüksek lisans tezleri, basılı kitaplar ve sahada yapılan derleme çalışmaları sonucunda kaynak kişilerden elde edilen bilgiler doğrultusunda açıklanacaktır. Yemin etmeye ilişkin örnekler; yeminin şekline, üzerine yemin edilen varlık, nesne, kavramların çeşitliliğine göre sınıflandırılarak detaylandırılacaktır. Yemin ifadeleri/kalıpları, Anadolu insanının kutsiyet atfettiği, önem verdiği ve manevi gücüne inandığı değerlerin belirlenmesine yardımcı olacaktır. Yemin ediliş şekli ve yemini oluşturan kalıpların yapıları, dilin insanlar tarafından etkileyici kullanımını da açığa çıkaracaktır.
LÂGARÎ VE TÜRKÇE ŞİİRLERİ
Authors: İçli Ahmet
Published: September 2021

Mecmualar, Türk edebiyatının kaynakları arasında önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu eserler, edebiyat tarihine birçok yönden katkı sunan derlemeler niteliğindedir. Bir mecmuada tespit edilen şiirden hareketle kaybolmaya yüz tutmuş bir şairin adı kaynaklardaki yerini alabilmektedir. Kimi zaman bir şiirin başkası adına sehven veya bilinçli bir şekilde kayıtlandığı veyahut başkası tarafından sahiplendiği görülmektedir. Mecmualar ekseninde yapılan tasnif ve muhteva incelemeleri ile genel değerlendirmeler, şiirlerin ve şairlerin tespiti bağlamında önemli araştırma alanlarındandır. Klâsik Türk edebiyatı şairlerinden Lâgarî ve şiirleri hakkındaki bilgilere mecmualar sayesinde ulaşılmaktadır. Şairin kimliği noktasında kesin ve net bilgi yoktur. Ancak Lâgarî hakkında iki tezkirede çok kısa bilgi vardır. Şairlerin aynı mahlası taşımaları edebiyat araştırmalarındaki handikaplardan biri olduğundan Lâgarî’nin tezkirelerde geçen kişi ile aynı olma ihtimali kadar farklı biri olması da mümkündür. Bu yüzyılda yaşamış Lâgarî Hasan Çelebi’nin de şair olması uzak bir ihtimal değildir. Bir bölümünün de Lâgarî tarafından derlendiği ifade edilen mecmuada, Lâgarî’ye atfedilen Türkçe şiirler bulunmaktadır. Bu şiirlerden bazıları, başka şairlere ait divanlarda da görülmektedir. Çalışmamız, Lâgarî’ye atfedilen şiirlerinin tespiti, Latin harflerine aktarımı ile Lâgarî ve şiirleri hakkında kısa değerlendirmeler eksenindedir.
Carta Mensual INTAL: No 226: Junio, 2015
Authors:   Inter-American Development Bank
Published: September 2021

La carta mensual del INTAL informa sobre desarrollos en las áreas de integración y comercio en las regiones de América Latina y el Caribe. También es el medio para difundir las actividades realizadas por el BID en estos temas, incluyendo noticias, cooperaciones técnicas, y una amplia variedad de proyectos y estudios.
Updating Infrastructure Regulation for The 21st Century in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Estache Antonio , Serebrisky Tomás
Published: September 2021

This paper argues that, while most countries in Latin America and the Caribbean have managed to significantly improve the short-term efficiency of their infrastructure services since the widespread liberalization of the 1990s, they have been slow to ensure a fair distribution of the gains. They have also been slow in making the investments needed to ensure the prospects of future generations, including by protecting the environment for the long term. The paper places at least part of the blame on regulatory failures. It also shows how past mistakes can be corrected by the significant sectoral transformations, driven by new technologies, now underway. Digitalization is altering the economic characteristics of infrastructure services. Resulting changes in governance and financing options demand adjustments to economic regulations, including by broadening the regulatory toolkit to integrate new insights offered by developments in behavioral economics.
The Integrated Economic-Environmental Modeling (IEEM) Platform Approach to Tourism Investment Analysis: An Application to Costa Rica
Authors: Banerjee Onil , Murguia Juan M. , Cicowiez Martin , Moreda Adela
Published: September 2021

Public investment in different types of tourism, from business to leisure tourism, has differentiated impacts on local economies, environment, people and government revenues. A fully integrated analytical approach such as the Integrated Economic-Environmental Modeling (IEEM) Platform is required to capture these multi-dimensional impacts. Applying IEEM to public investment in tourism in Costa Rica we find: investing in a higher skilled labor force particularly in traditional tourism-related activities will improve household welfare; similar increases in demand across all types of tourism show that Health tourism generates the greatest impact on household welfare, while Business tourism has the best prospects for reducing unemployment; Business tourism generates the largest increase in government revenues, but also has the largest greenhouse gas emission footprint, and; the whole of economy perspective of IEEM that captures direct, indirect and induced impacts results in a higher Net Present Value estimation of the investment.
Bairro: Ten Years Later
Authors: Libertun de Duren Nora Ruth , Osorio Rivas Rene
Published: September 2021

AUTHORLibertun de Duren, Nora Ruth; Osorio Rivas, ReneDATEJun 2020DOWNLOAD:English (313 downloads)Spanish (5661 downloads)Portuguese (2132 downloads)DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002430Favela Bairro (FB) was a pioneer approach for integrating informal neighborhoods with the urban grid, and it remains today a reference for many developing countries. FB in its second phase (FB II) ran between 2000 and 2008 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and it significantly improved the access in 88 favelas to water supply, storm water and sewage systems, street pavement, sidewalks public lighting, and community facilities such as day care centers, schools, recreational and sport areas. This document revisits the neighborhoods improved through FB II with the purpose of learning the long-term challenges that upgraded neighborhood programs face. The research presented here was done in two parts carried out in parallel: (1) a qualitative study based on focus groups to capture the perception of direct beneficiaries on the upgrades; and (2) an standardized assessment of the state of maintenance of the infrastructure 88 favelas upgraded by FB II. Both parts of the research showed that improvements achieved through FB II had dissimilar longevity. Focus groups identified improvement in residents living standards immediately after the upgrades, but current issues with sewers, electricity, public lighting and streets. The standardized assessment found issues with streets pavement and drainage systems in one out of three upgraded favelas, and poor street lighting and sewers in two out of three. This research offers important lessons to improve the long-term sustainability of urban upgrading programs.
Demanda de trabajo en Uruguay: Un análisis de vacantes on line
Authors: Di Capua Laura , Queijo Virginia , Rucci Graciana
Published: September 2021

La aparición del COVID-19 va a acelerar un fenómeno que ya estaba presente en la región, y que tiene que ver con una reconfiguración a nivel global del sistema productivo, de las formas de trabajar, de los roles, tareas y ocupaciones, y del modo en que las personas interactúan entre sí en diversos ámbitos. Así, resulta de vital importancia contar con información granular y oportuna de cuáles son los requerimientos del sector productivo en cuanto a la fuerza de trabajo. No obstante, a nivel regional es sumamente escasa la información de la que se dispone acerca de la demanda laboral. La proliferación reciente de portales de empleo on line ofrecen una fuente alternativa de información relativamente abundante, de frecuente actualización, fácil acceso y bajo costo de generación, que puede informar sobre tendencias recientes en el mercado de trabajo. Los datos que se emplean en la presente investigación se generaron a partir de la consolidación de información sobre vacantes publicadas entre septiembre de 2018 y septiembre de 2019 en tres portales de empleo de relevancia en Uruguay. El análisis a partir de las vacantes on line sugiere que Uruguay enfrenta retos en cuanto a la formación y capacitación de sus recursos humanos. Los datos muestran la importancia de la culminación del ciclo de educación media como requisito para participar de las oportunidades que se presentan en el mercado laboral. También existiría espacio para darle mayor impulso a la educación técnico-profesional. Además, el estudio muestra que, a la hora de contratar personal, los empleadores valoran mucho que éstos cuenten con alguna experiencia laboral previa, lo cual es un dato relevante a la hora de diseñar programas y políticas de formación y capacitación laboral.
IDB Newsletter: Vol. 2, no. 3, July 1964
Authors:   Inter-American Development Bank
Published: September 2021

IDB Newsletter is a monthly publication of the Inter-American Development that reports on the activities of the Inter-American Development Bank and appears in English and Spanish editions.
Chequeo digital: ¿cómo acelerar la transformación digital de las mipyme en América Latina y el Caribe (ALC)?
Authors: Henriquez Pauline , Torrico Blanca
Published: September 2021

En este documento, se encuentra la información sobre cómo acceder al Chequeo Digital en los países de América Latina y el Caribe. El Chequeo Digital es una herramienta que permite a las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (mipymes) medir su nivel de madurez digital, obteniendo resultados inmediatos y recomendaciones personalizadas, para aumentar su adopción tecnológica y el fomento de habilidades digitales. Los beneficios que esta herramienta presenta son recomendaciones personalizadas para la transformación digital, mejora de habilidades digitales de las mipymes, facilita la articulación con la oferta de recursos disponibles localmente y otorga información para comparar el progreso de digitalización.