bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Implementation of Respiration Rate Measurement System Using an Information Filter on an Embedded Device
Authors: Prasetiyo Radius Bhayu , Choi Kyu-Sang , Yang Gi-Hun
Published: November 2018

In this work, an algorithm was developed to measure respiration rate for an embedded device that can be used by a field robot for relief operations. With this algorithm, the rate measurement was calculated based on direct influences of respiratory-induced intensity variation (RIIV) on blood flow in cardiovascular pathways. For this, a photoplethysmogram (PPG) sensor was used to determine changes in heartbeat frequencies. The PPG sensor readings were filtered using an Information Filter and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) to determine the state of RIIV. With a relatively light initialization, the information filter can estimate unknown variables based on a series of measurements containing noise and other inaccuracies. Therefore, this filter is suitable for application in an embedded device. For faster calculation time in the implementation, the FFT analysis was calculated only for a major peak in frequency domain. Test and measurement of respiration rate was conducted based on the device algorithm and spirometer. Heartbeat measurements were also evaluated by comparing the heartbeat data of the PPG sensor and pulse-oximeter. Based on the test, the implemented algorithm can measure the respiration rate with approximately 80% accuracy compared with the spirometer.
Industry 4.0 and Climate Change—Exploring the Science-Policy Gap
Authors: Fritzsche Kerstin , Niehoff Silke , Beier Grischa
Published: November 2018

The paper aims to explore the gaps and overlaps between statements of intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) working at the intersection of climate change, sustainable energy, and industrial development regarding the role of Industry 4.0 for climate change mitigation and the scientific literature addressing the energy and resource efficiency of Industry 4.0. To fulfill this objective, we conduct a two-tier review of relevant literature from both IGOs as well as academia. The analysis of documents from IGOs shows that Industry 4.0 is strongly associated with energy efficiency potentials that could contribute to climate change mitigation and more sustainable energy use in the industrial sector. Based on a review of the scientific literature, however, the paper concludes that it is currently not possible to validate this assumption and provide concrete figures since analyses providing a more comprehensive picture of potential energy savings, including possible negative effects and rebounds, are lacking. We suggest that these issues be addressed in further research, e.g., through concrete case studies that go beyond the assessment of single Industry 4.0 technologies. Furthermore, efforts should be strengthened to communicate findings from technology-centered research into political strategy-building and decision-making processes and, at the same time, raise awareness in the technological domain for the information needs of policymakers.
Disclosure of CSR Performance and Firm Value: New Evidence from South Africa on the Basis of the GRI Guidelines for Sustainability Disclosure
Authors: Sampong Frank , Song Na , Boahene Kingsley Osei , Wadie Kwame Ansong
Published: November 2018

Prior CSR and firm performance research has produced mixed results. Even so, numerous researches examining this relationship from the perspective of international standardisation have primarily concentrated on developed economics. This leaves an obvious gap within the extant literature with regards to evidence from sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the extent of CSR disclosure performance and firm value, in an emerging institutional setting. Using hand collected data of South African listed companies, we apply the GRI G3.1 guidelines, as a measure of disclosure performance. Based on the panel data fixed effect model, we document a positive but insignificant relationship between CSR disclosure performance and firm value. Secondly, a negative and insignificant relationship was found between environmental disclosure performance and firm value. Lastly, we found a positive and statistically significant relationship between social disclosure performance and firm value. Overall, our findings suggest that CSR disclosure has a limited effect on firm value. Our findings hold for a set of robustness tests. Our findings suggest that the incorporation of sustainability disclosure, on the basis of GRI, is moderately high among the selected companies. Implications of our results suggest that CSR disclosure may not necessarily influence firm value, despite its numerous benefits. We contribute to this line of research from a multi-theoretical perspective.
Forest Landscape Change and Preliminary Study on Its Driving Forces in Ślęża Landscape Park (Southwestern Poland) in 1883–2013
Authors: Krajewski Piotr , Solecka Iga , Mrozik Karol
Published: November 2018

Changes in forest landscapes have been connected with human activity for centuries and can be considered one of the main driving forces of change from a global perspective. The spatial distribution of forests changes along with the geopolitical situation, demographic changes, intensification of agriculture, urbanization, or changes in land use policy. However, due to the limited availability of historical data, the driving forces of changes in forest landscapes are most often considered in relation to recent decades, without taking long-term analyses into account. The aim of this paper is to determine the level and types of landscape changes and make preliminary study on natural and socio-economic factors on changes in forest landscapes within the protected area, Ślęża Landscape Park, and its buffer zone using long-term analyses covering a period of 140 years (1883–2013). A comparison of historical and current maps and demographic data related to three consecutive periods of time as well as natural and location factors by using the ArcGIS software allows the selected driving forces of forest landscape transformations to be analyzed. We took into account natural factors such as the elevation, slope, and exposure of the hillside and socio-economic drivers like population changes, distances to centers of municipalities, main roads, and built-up areas.
Implications of HIV-1 Nef for “Shock and Kill” Strategies to Eliminate Latent Viral Reservoirs
Authors: Kuang Xiaomei T. , Brockman Mark A.
Published: November 2018

Finding a cure for HIV is challenging because the virus is able to integrate itself into the host cell genome and establish a silent state, called latency, allowing it to evade antiviral drugs and the immune system. Various “shock and kill” strategies are being explored in attempts to eliminate latent HIV reservoirs. The goal of these approaches is to reactivate latent viruses (“shock”), thereby exposing them to clearance by viral cytopathic effects or immune-mediated responses (“kill”). To date, there has been limited clinical success using these methods. In this review, we highlight various functions of the HIV accessory protein Nef and discuss their double-edged effects that may contribute to the limited effectiveness of current “shock and kill” methods to eradicate latent HIV reservoirs in treated individuals.
Identification of Diaryl-Quinoline Compounds as Entry Inhibitors of Ebola Virus
Authors: Cui Qinghua , Cheng Han , Xiong Rui , Zhang Gang , Du Ruikun , Anantpadma Manu , Davey Robert A. , Rong Lijun
Published: November 2018

Ebola virus is the causative agent of Ebola virus disease in humans. The lethality of Ebola virus infection is about 50%, supporting the urgent need to develop anti-Ebola drugs. Glycoprotein (GP) is the only surface protein of the Ebola virus, which is functionally critical for the virus to attach and enter the host cells, and is a promising target for anti-Ebola virus drug development. In this study, using the recombinant HIV-1/Ebola pseudovirus platform we previously established, we evaluated a small molecule library containing various quinoline compounds for anti-Ebola virus entry inhibitors. Some of the quinoline compounds specifically inhibited the entry of the Ebola virus. Among them, compound SYL1712 was the most potent Ebola virus entry inhibitor with an IC50 of ~1 μM. The binding of SYL1712 to the vial glycoprotein was computationally modeled and was predicted to interact with specific residues of GP. We used the time of the addition assay to show that compound SYL1712 blocks Ebola GP-mediated entry. Finally, consistent with being an Ebola virus entry inhibitor, compound SYL1712 inhibited infectious Ebola virus replication in tissue culture under biosafety level 4 containment, with an IC50 of 2 μM. In conclusion, we identified several related molecules with a diaryl-quinoline scaffold as potential anti-EBOV entry inhibitors, which can be further optimized for anti-Ebola drug development.
Productive Propagation of Rift Valley Fever Phlebovirus Vaccine Strain MP-12 in Rousettus aegyptiacus Fruit Bats
Authors: Balkema-Buschmann Anne , Rissmann Melanie , Kley Nils , Ulrich Reiner , Eiden Martin , Groschup Martin H.
Published: November 2018

Rift Valley fever phlebovirus (RVFV), the causative agent of an emerging zoonotic disease in Africa and Arabia, can infect a variety of species, predominantly ruminants, camelids, and humans. While clinical symptoms are mostly absent in adult ruminants and camelids, RVFV infection may lead to a serious, sometimes fatal disease in humans. Virus transmissions between individuals and between species mainly occur through mosquito bites, but direct or even indirect contact with infectious materials may also result in infection. Although the main reservoir of the virus is not yet identified, small mammals such as rodents and bats may act as amplifying hosts. We therefore inoculated Rousettus aegyptiacus fruit bats that are abundant in northern Africa with the vaccine strain MP-12, in order to elucidate the general competence of this species for virus propagation and transmission. We were able to detect the RVFV genome in the spleen of each of these animals, and re-isolated the virus from the spleen and liver of some animals. Moreover, we were able to identify the Gc RVFV surface antigen in mild subacute multifocal necrotizing hepatic lesions of one bat which was sacrificed 7 days post exposure. These findings demonstrate that Rousettus aegyptiacus fruit bats can propagate RVFV.
Improved Building Treatment Approach for Urban Inundation Modeling: A Case Study in Wuhan, China
Authors: Shen Ji , Tan Fangbi , Zhang Yongzhi
Published: November 2018

This paper describes an improved building treatment approach (IBTA) for use in urban inundation modeling. In this approach, the ground surface elevation was raised by the threshold (h) of the building entrance height to account for both the blockage and storage effect of areas with dense building coverage. A higher roughness coefficient was assigned to the areas where buildings were located to compensate for the resistance effects caused by the inner wall of the structure. The campus of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) in Wuhan City, China, was used as a case study. Comparison between IBTA and several traditional building treatment approaches suggested that the model results were sensitive to the building treatment method and the threshold used for terrain preprocessing in dense building regions. Furthermore, as the interaction between the surface water flow and dense buildings were adequately represented by using a new terrain preprocessing approach, the proposed IBTA provided better performance in terms of maximum inundation depth and the peak depth time than the traditional approaches in areas with dense building coverage, such as that of the campus.
Case Study on Application of the Step with Non-Uniform Heights at the Bottom Using a Numerical and Experimental Model
Authors: Li Dengsong , Yang Qing , Ma Xudong , Dai Guangqing
Published: November 2018

Steps effectively dissipate the energy of water along a path and reduce the size of the stilling basin but are rarely used in curved spillways. The shore spillway of a reservoir, which is restricted by topography, must be arranged in a curved shape. At high flow velocity and low water depth, some areas of the base plate of the curved spillway were not covered by the water. The water flow into the stilling basin did not form a submerged hydraulic jump. It was proposed that a step with bottom non-uniform heights be placed in the smooth base plate of the curved spillway to improve these undesirable hydraulic phenomena. A physical model experiment with a length scale of 1:40 verified the feasibility of the curved stepped spillway in engineering. Based on the k-ε model and volume-of-fluid (VOF) method, a three-dimensional numerical model was established, and the reliability of the numerical model was verified by measured data. The main flow region, velocity field, cavitation on a step, and the energy loss rate of steps were discussed. The comparison between a curved spillway with and without steps shows that the steps balance the partial centrifugal force in the curved section, making the water depth of the cross-section evenly distributed, and the base plate was no longer covered by water. The flow pattern on the steps was skimming flow, and the velocity of the flow into the stilling basin was greatly reduced. The elevation of the concave bank of the base plate was raised, resulting in the formation of transverse flow, which in turn constituted a three-dimensional energy dissipation pattern with the longitudinal flow. The energy loss was significantly higher than that of the smooth curved spillway. However, the triangular region near to the concave bank on the base plate experienced negative pressure, and an aeration device in front of the steps was needed.
Structures des carbones prégraphitiques. Étude des défauts et des distorsions
Authors: Bouraoui Ahmed
Published: November 2018

L'analyse de la structure des couches atomiques élémentaires dans les carbones prégraphitiques a été effectuée en reconstituant l'espace réciproque bidimensionnel à partir des profils et des intensités absolues des bandes de diffraction (hk).

La méthode a permis de calculer les distributions linéaires des distances interatomiques. Celles-ci permettent de conclure que les couches élémentaires des carbones prégraphitiques comportent de fortes distorsions se présentant en îlots isolés de perturbations intenses. Ces perturbations sont créées par des atomes de carbone interstitiels, assez nombreux (10 %) pour être détectés.

Dans les carbones traités au-dessous de 1 500° C, ces interstitiels sont répartis au hasard sur les deux faces de la couche atomique. Le traitement à 2 000° C produit un réarrangement de ces interstitiels, qui se placent de façon à se projeter sur les centres des hexagones. Ce réarrangement semble être responsable de l'apparition de nouvelles propriétés physiques (diamagnétisme intense) et chimiques (affinité pour le brome) .
WFIRST Exoplanet Mass-measurement Method Finds a Planetary Mass of 39 ± 8 M⊕ for OGLE-2012-BLG-0950Lb
Authors: Bhattacharya A. , Beaulieu J.-P. , Bennett D. P. , Anderson J. , Koshimoto N. , Lu J. R. , Batista V. , Blackman J. W. , Bond I. A. , Fukui A. , Henderson C. B. , Hirao Y. , Marquette J. B. , Mroz P. , Ranc C. , Udalski A.
Published: November 2018

We present the analysis of the simultaneous high-resolution images from the Hubble Space Telescope and Keck adaptive optics system of the planetary event OGLE-2012-BLG-0950 that determine that the system consists of a 0.58 ± 0.04

host star orbited by a 39 ± 8

planet at a projected separation of 2.54 ± 0.23 au. The planetary system is located at a distance of 2.19 ± 0.23 kpc from Earth. This is the second microlens planet beyond the snow line with a mass measured to be in the mass range 20–80

. The runaway gas accretion process of the core accretion model predicts fewer planets in this mass range. This is because giant planets are thought to be growing rapidly at these masses, and they rarely complete growth at this mass. So this result suggests that the core accretion theory may need revision. This analysis also demonstrates the techniques that will be used to measure the masses of planets and their host stars by the WFIRST exoplanet microlensing survey: one-dimensional microlensing parallax combined with the separation and brightness measurement of the unresolved source and host stars to yield multiple redundant constraints on the masses and distance of the planetary system.
Mass and Light of Abell 370: A Strong and Weak Lensing Analysis
Authors: Strait V. , Bradač M. , Hoag A. , Huang K.-H. , Treu T. , Wang X. , Amorin R. , Castellano M. , Fontana A. , Lemaux B.-C. , Merlin E. , Schmidt K. B. , Schrabback T. , Tomczack A. , Trenti M. , Vulcani B.
Published: November 2018

We present a new gravitational lens model of the Hubble Frontier Fields cluster Abell 370 (z = 0.375) using imaging and spectroscopy from Hubble Space Telescope and ground-based spectroscopy. We combine constraints from a catalog of 909 weakly lensed galaxies and 39 multiply imaged sources comprised of 114 multiple images, including a system of multiply imaged candidates at z = 7.84 ± 0.02, to obtain a best-fit mass distribution using the cluster lens modeling code Strong and Weak Lensing United. As the only analysis of A370 using strong and weak lensing constraints from Hubble Frontier Fields data, our method provides an independent check of assumptions on the mass distribution used in other methods. Convergence, shear, and magnification maps are made publicly available through the HFF website (http://www.stsci.edu/hst/campaigns/frontier-fields). We find that the model we produce is similar to models produced by other groups, with some exceptions due to the differences in lensing code methodology. In an effort to study how our total projected mass distribution traces light, we measure the stellar mass density distribution using Spitzer/Infrared Array Camera imaging. Comparing our total mass density to our stellar mass density in a radius of 0.3 Mpc, we find a mean projected stellar to total mass ratio of

(stat.) using the diet Salpeter initial mass function. This value is in general agreement with independent measurements of

in clusters of similar total mass and redshift.
Propagation of Surface Magnetohydrodynamic Waves in Asymmetric Multilayered Plasma
Authors: Shukhobodskaia Daria , Erdélyi Róbert
Published: November 2018

Investigation of magnetohydrodynamic wave propagation in different equilibrium configurations is important for the development of solar magnetoseismology. In the present work, a magnetized plasma slab sandwiched between an arbitrary number of nonmagnetic layers is considered and an analytical approach is used for the derivation of its dispersion relation. This work is a natural generalization of the symmetric slab model studied by Roberts and the asymmetric magnetic slab model, considered by Allcock & Erdélyi. Similar to the dispersion relation for an asymmetric slab, and unlike a symmetric slab, the dispersion relation for an asymmetric multilayered plasma cannot be decoupled into sausage and kink eigenmodes. The waves that permitted us to propagate in multilayered slabs have mixed characters; therefore, the notion of quasi-sausage and quasi-kink waves is more appropriate. Here, we focus on how a multilayered structuring affects the eigenmodes. The amplitudes of the eigenmodes depend on the equilibrium structuring and the model parameters; this motivates an application as a solar magnetoseismology tool. Finally, specific cases of two- and three-layered slabs are studied in detail and their potential applicability to magnetic bright points is discussed.
Exploring the Spectral Variability of the Ultraluminous X-Ray Source M81 X–6 with Suzaku and XMM-Newton
Authors: Jithesh V. , Misra Ranjeev
Published: November 2018

We present X-ray spectral variability studies of the ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) M81 X–6 using Suzaku and XMM-Newton observations performed during 2001–2015. The spectra were first fitted by a standard multitemperature disk and a thermal Comptonization component that revealed spectral variability where the primary distinction is the change in the optical depth of the Comptonizing component, similar to what has been observed for other ULXs. We also fitted the spectra with a general relativistic accretion disk emission and a power-law component and found that it can reproduce a large part but not all of the spectral variability of the source. The parameters for the black hole mass and spin were found to be degenerate, but the high spin and larger mass (20–100 M
⊙) solutions provided near-Eddington accretion rates consistent with the assumptions of the model. The spectral variation is found to be driven by accretion rate changes leading to three different spectral classes. Thus, our results suggest the possibility of a dominant relativistic disk emission component for some of the spectral states of the source.
Statistical Study of ICMEs with Low Mean Carbon Charge State Plasmas Detected from 1998 to 2011
Authors: Feng Xuedong , Yao Shuo , Li Dongni , Li Gang , Yan Xiaoli
Published: November 2018

We present a statistical study of 219 ICMEs measured by both ACE and WIND from 1998 to 2011. ICME plasmas are defined as possessing cold materials if the carbon average charge states are lower than those of the preceding solar wind by three standard deviations and the carbon ionic temperature is lower than 106.05 K. A total of 69 ICMEs were identified as containing cold materials. These ICMEs tend to have speeds in the range of 300–600 km s−1, with durations between 2 and 6 hr. Cold materials tend to be present once or twice per ICME. We further identify two special types of cold materials: the ionic-cold type (IC) shows simultaneous lower average charge states of O, Mg, Si, and Fe ions than those of the preceding solar wind, while the carbon-only cold type (COC) shows a totally opposite trend in that these ions show higher average charge than in the preceding solar wind. We found that the IC has a higher proton temperature than the ICME mean value, whereas the COC has a lower proton temperature than the ICME mean value, and the COC is most often measured in magnetic cloud. A detailed examination of the IC and the COC material suggests that they are related to solar filaments. Their special mean charge indicates that the filaments are a mixture of coronal and choromospheric materials. Heating and collision processes beyond the carbon freeze-in height are crucial in generating the two distinct types.
The Megaparsec-scale Gas-sloshing Spiral in the Remnant Cool Core Cluster Abell 1763
Authors: Douglass E. M. , Blanton E. L. , Randall S. W. , Clarke T. E. , Edwards L. O. V. , Sabry Z. , ZuHone J. A.
Published: November 2018

We present a multiwavelength study of the massive galaxy cluster Abell 1763 at redshift z = 0.231. Image analysis of a 19.6 ks Chandra archival observation reveals a cluster-wide spiral of enhanced surface brightness in the intracluster medium (ICM). While such spirals are understood to form in clusters with sloshing strong cool cores (SCCs), the gas comprising the spiral’s apex is of intermediate entropy (∼110 keV cm2) and cooling time (∼6.8 Gyr), indicating core disruption is occurring throughout the spiral formation process. Two subclusters dominated by the second- and third-ranked galaxies in the system lie along a line parallel to the elongation axis of the primary cluster’s ICM. Both subsystems appear to have fallen in along a previously discovered intercluster filament and are each considered candidates as the perturber responsible for initiating disruptive core sloshing. Dynamical analysis indicates infall is occurring with a relative radial velocity of ∼1800 km s−1. The brightest cluster galaxy of Abell 1763 possesses a high line-of-sight peculiar velocity (v
pec ∼ 650 km s−1) and hosts a powerful (P
1.4 ∼ 1026 W Hz−1) bent double-lobed radio source, likely shaped by the relative bulk ICM flow induced in the merger. The cluster merger model of SCC destruction invokes low impact parameter infall as the condition required for core transformation. In contrast to this, the high angular momentum event occurring in Abell 1763 suggests that off-axis mergers play a greater role in establishing the non-cool core cluster population than previously assumed.
Le réel inquiété
Authors: Revault d’Allonnes Myriam , Chalier Jonathan
Published: November 2018

La post-vérité remet en cause le partage entre le vrai et le faux et instaure un régime d’indifférence à la vérité. A la différence du mensonge idéologique des sociétés totalitaires, c’est le risque que la capacité de juger des citoyens se dégrade en relativisme des opinions qui menace les sociétés démocratiques. Le débat public doit alors compter sur la force des utopies à inquiéter le réel pour ouvrir des possibles.
L’âge de la bêtise
Authors: Ventura Raffaele Alberto
Published: November 2018

Le conflit des interprétations, lié à la désintermédiation du savoir, pose un problème politique : comment coexister sans un socle commun de vérités ? Pour le résoudre, il faut observer que chaque progrès technologique dans la collecte des données requiert un progrès pour les hiérarchiser. Nous nous trouvons dans la situation de Bouvard et Pécuchet : non pas ignorants, mais bêtes, parce que nous ne savons pas maîtriser la profusion d’informations.
La démondialisation
Authors: Mbembe Achille
Published: November 2018

Toutes les sphères de l’existence ont été pénétrées par le capital et soumises à la quantification. Dans ce cadre, la frontière n’est plus que la violence qui sous-tend l’ordre de notre monde, une guerre contre la mobilité qui remplit l’Europe de morts et de camps d’étrangers. Osera-t-on imaginer l’abolition des frontières ?
La raison nègre et le corps d’extraction
Authors: Irrera Orazio
Published: November 2018

En combinant le schéma marxiste de l’accumulation primitive et la biopolitique foucaldienne, Achille Mbembe propose une généalogie du sujet de race comme « corps d’extraction » .
Coconstruire des connaissances féministes : l’exemple du Service aux collectivités de l’Université du Québec à Montréal
Authors: Kurtzman Lyne , Lampron Ève-Marie
Published: November 2018

Cet article présente une démarche partenariale institutionnalisée qui a cours au Service aux collectivités de l’Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM) depuis près de quarante ans, où s’est rapidement développé un volet féministe. À l’heure où la recherche partenariale, sous toutes ses formes, gagne en popularité dans le monde universitaire, l’approche du Service valorise une conception du partenariat dans laquelle la production des connaissances scientifiques est partagée avec des groupes de femmes riches de savoirs, porteurs de besoins collectifs et de changement social. L’article met en perspective le contexte à l’origine de l’approche et ses liens avec l’analyse féministe. Il présente les dimensions clés du cadre institutionnel mis en place pour soutenir les partenariats entre professeur·e·s et groupes sociaux et leur intérêt pour les initiatives féministes. Un projet visant à accentuer la prévention des agressions à caractère sexuel en contexte scolaire sert ensuite d’illustration concrète de l’approche. Puis la réflexion dégage des enjeux et des éléments de conflictualité inhérents à une pratique partenariale féministe qui bouscule les rôles et les pouvoirs traditionnels en recherche.
L’intervention féministe abolitionniste, entre actions et recherches : l’expérience québécoise de la Concertation des luttes contre l’exploitation sexuelle (CLES)
Authors: Boulebsol Carole
Published: November 2018

En 2014, la Concertation des luttes contre l’exploitation sexuelle (CLES), organisme communautaire automne, féministe et abolitionniste, basé à Montréal (Canada), a mené une recherche-action partenariale sur les besoins des femmes ayant un vécu en lien avec l’industrie du sexe. À partir de l’expérience de 109 femmes, approchées par le biais de questionnaires et d’entrevues, la CLES a dressé un portrait de leurs difficultés et de leurs besoins, et a formulé des recommandations pour soutenir celles qui souhaitent quitter le milieu. L’article présente de manière plus spécifique le contexte de l’étude, sa méthode, ses résultats ainsi que l’impact que l’étude a eu sur les pratiques de la CLES.
Impact de l’étude d’évènement sur la variation du risque de l’action : une application au cas des divisions d’actions du marché boursier français
Authors: Assoumou Menye Oscar
Published: November 2018

Les méthodes classiques d’étude d’événement supposent que l’information a un impact sur la rentabilité moyenne du titre mais n’affecte pas la totalité du risque. Alors même qu’il est parfois difficile de connaître avec précision la part contributive de l’évènement sur les risques spécifique et systématique, certains modèles se limitent uniquement à l’impact de l’évènement sur le risque spécifique. Ces modèles sous-estiment voire ignorent l’accroissement du risque systématique dû à l’annonce ou à la réalisation de l’événement. Les études empiriques réalisées et les méthodologies d’étude d’évènement mobilisées dans ce travail montrent les limites des méthodes classiques. Il est démontré qu’une augmentation du bêta concomitante à la réalisation de l’événement se répercute sur la rentabilité moyenne. Cette dernière sera ainsi doublement affectée, d’abord directement par l’événement, ensuite indirectement à travers l’accroissement du bêta. Ainsi la rentabilité anormale évaluée par les modèles classiques, surestime la vraie valeur puisqu’elle renferme une prime correspondant à l’accroissement du risque systématique. La « vraie » rentabilité anormale ne peut être obtenue qu’en utilisant le bêta déjà modifié par l’événement.
Medicina interna y enfermedades raras. Transición niño-adulto
Authors: Cardellach Francesc , Ribes Antònia
Published: November 2018

La mayoría de las enfermedades raras (ER) son de base genética, cursan con síntomas muy diversos y a menudo ocasionan un grado variable de discapacidad, especialmente los errores congénitos del metabolismo (ECM). El proceso de transición clínica de un paciente con una ER que alcanza la edad adulta pretende garantizar una atención sanitaria ininterrumpida, coordinada y psicológicamente apropiada mediante unidades expertas (UE) multidisciplinares. El especialista en medicina interna tiene un papel central, junto a los de nutrición y dietética, laboratorio especializado en ECM y otros especialistas (neurología, genética clínica, farmacia, oftalmología, obstetricia, psiquiatría, enfermería, trabajo social, con el apoyo de pediatría experimentada en ECM). Las UE deberían organizar la asistencia, desarrollar guías clínicas de diagnóstico, seguimiento y tratamiento, adaptar los servicios de farmacia, crear un registro de pacientes, establecer relaciones con las asociaciones de pacientes, desarrollar un programa científico formativo, establecer colaboraciones internacionales, facilitar la colaboración con la industria farmacéutica y mantener una actividad investigadora propia.
Las enfermedades raras en las patologías neurometabólicas
Authors: Montoya Julio , Arenas Joaquín , Ruiz-Pesini Eduardo , Martín-Casanueva Miguel A.
Published: November 2018

Las miopatías metabólicas son un grupo de trastornos genéticos que disminuyen la capacidad del músculo esquelético para utilizar sustratos energéticos y sintetizar ATP. Estas alteraciones pueden clasificarse en tres tipos fundamentalmente: i) trastornos del metabolismo de los carbohidratos (del glucógeno y de la glucosa), ii) defectos del metabolismo lipídico, y iii) alteraciones de la fosforilación oxidativa –OXPHOS-. Las dos primeras se deben a deficiencias enzimáticas de las rutas metabólicas de degradación y síntesis de glúcidos y lípidos y muestran diversas manifestaciones clínicas, pero una buena parte de ellas cursan con intolerancia al ejercicio. Aunque un buen número de pacientes con estos trastornos musculares presentan síntomas en la infancia, el diagnóstico normalmente se retrasa hasta la segunda y tercera década de la vida. Por tanto, reconocer las características clínicas de estas deficiencias conduce a un diagnóstico precoz y a un mejor tratamiento. Las enfermedades mitocondriales son un grupo de trastornos originados por una deficiencia en la síntesis de ATP a través del sistema de fosforilación oxidativa. Este sistema está formado por proteínas codificadas en los dos genomas de la célula (nuclear y mitocondrial) y, por tanto, pueden presentar un modelo de herencia mendeliano o materno. En esta revisión se describirán las características especiales del sistema genético mitocondrial y las principales mutaciones que causan enfermedades en humanos.
Enfermedades raras de la visión
Authors: Millán Salvador José María
Published: November 2018

Existe un elevado número de patologías raras que afectan al ojo o a la visión. Una posible clasificación de las mismas podría venir definida por el tejido que está afectado. Así, podríamos definir tres tipos principales de patología rara ocular: 1) la patología neuro-ocular, que afecta básicamente a la retina y al nervio óptico, 2) las distrofias corneales y 3) la patología que implica deficiencias en el desarrollo del globo ocular o en alguna de sus partes. En todas ellas existe una clara base genética mendeliana y actualmente no existe tratamiento para casi ninguna de ellas. En este artículo se lleva a cabo una revisión sobre este conjunto de patologías.
Medicamentos huérfanos
Authors: Fontanet Sacristán Juan Manuel , Torrent-Farnell Josep
Published: November 2018

Los medicamentos huérfanos son aquellos fármacos destinados al tratamiento de enfermedades de baja prevalencia, también conocidas como enfermedades raras. La investigación y desarrollo de nuevas terapias para este conjunto heterogéneo de enfermedades presenta una serie de dificultades que están bien reconocidas. Entre ellas, el reducido número de afectados compromete el retorno económico de la inversión realizada por parte de la industria farmacéutica. Por ello la Unión Europea en el año 2000 aprobó un Reglamento Europeo específico para favorecer e incentivar el desarrollo de estas terapias. Transcurrida más de una década, los resultados muestran el efecto positivo que la entrada en vigor de dicho Reglamento ha provocado. Actualmente se han designado más de 1300 compuestos, de los cuales más de 90 ya han obtenido la autorización de comercialización. La voz de los pacientes ha sido clave para el devenir de este cambio y los programas y consorcios promovidos por la UE prometen todavía un futuro más esperanzador.
Registros y biobancos de enfermedades raras. Una oportunidad para avanzar
Authors: Zurriaga Óscar , Martínez Jacobo , Corrochano Virginia , Cavero-Carbonell Clara
Published: November 2018

Los registros y los biobancos de enfermedades raras se han convertido durante los últimos años en instrumentos clave para la investigación de este tipo de enfermedades. En el presente artículo se hace una revisión del concepto de registro y de la utilidad de los mismos en las enfermedades raras, se muestra un panorama de los registros de enfermedades raras en el ámbito internacional y nacional y se exponen los retos y las oportunidades que presentan los registros. Se presentan asimismo los biobancos como estructuras creadas con el fin de gestionar muestras biológicas para su uso en investigación. Se abordan los aspectos éticos, legales y sociales relacionados con la actividad de los biobancos y los aspectos técnicos asociados con la armonización, estandarización y control de calidad de las muestras y de la información relacionada y se ofrece un panorama general de los biobancos, recalcando su importancia en el ámbito de las enfermedades raras y la necesidad de colaboración con los registros de enfermedades raras.
La importancia de la cultura tecnológica en el movimiento maker
Authors: Tabarés Gutiérrez Raúl
Published: November 2018

La emergencia global del movimiento maker constituye uno de los fenómenos más recientes de difusión y apropiación de tecnologías por parte de la sociedad. El vencimiento de varias patentes en los campos de la fabricación digital y de la microelectrónica, junto con un reverdecimiento de la mentalidad DIY (Do It Yourself) y con la popularización de espacios, laboratorios y eventos temáticos por buena parte de la geografía internacional, han ayudado a consolidar una creciente presencia en la sociedad del enfoque conocido como aprender haciendo. En este artículo examinamos cómo ha surgido este movimiento e identificamos los principales valores que inspiran esta filosofía de capacitación de la ciudadanía a través de la tecnología. Así mismo analizamos las oportunidades que plantea este fenómeno para la promoción de una cultura tecnológica en la sociedad y también las contradicciones, mitos y retos que en él se encierran.
La transferencia tecnológica como práctica de responsabilidad social universitaria
Authors: Naranjo Africano Gloria , Mejía Reatiga Camilo
Published: November 2018

La responsabilidad social universitaria (RSU) constituye un desafío para las universidades y plantea el reto de alcanzar estándares que involucren y beneficien a todas las partes interesadas: a los académicos por medio del estudio de los elementos en orden a su adecuado funcionamiento, y al personal de administración y servicios a través del diseño de políticas y estrategias para el fomento y la regulación de la RSU. Aunque la bibliografía relaciona de manera general los procesos de transferencia tecnológica (TT) y la RSU, no se ha profundizado en sus especificidades e implicaciones. Este trabajo tiene como propósito, a partir de una revisión de la bibliografía, definir cómo se puede entender la TT como práctica de RSU, sobre la base de una serie de propuestas de actividades concretas y de las posibilidades de investigación que el tema plantea.
Green Computing
Authors: Mohapatra Sunil Kumar , Nayak Priyadarshini , Mishra Sushruta , Bisoy Sukant Kishoro
Published: November 2018

With the increase in the number of computers, the amount of energy consumed by them is on a significant rise, which in turn is increasing carbon content in atmosphere. With the realization of this problem, measures are being taken to minimize the power usage of computers. The solution is green computing. It is the efficient utilization of computing resources while minimizing environmental impact and ensuring both economic and social benefits. Green computing is a balanced and sustainable approach towards achieving a healthier and safer environment without compromising the technological needs of the current and future generations. This chapter studies the architectural aspects, the scope, and the applications of green computing. The emphasis of this study is on current trends in green computing, challenges in the field of green computing, and the future trends of green computing.
An Integral Theory Approach to the Feedback System in Supervising Doctoral Students in the Nordic Higher Education Context
Authors: Cordeiro Cheryl Marie
Published: November 2018

Feedback giving makes an important part in the context of higher education thesis writing, in particular, doctoral thesis writing supervision. In the past decade, European level standardization higher education policies have encouraged a pedagogy paradigm shift towards a more student-centered learning approach. Within the Nordic context of higher education, feedback giving from supervisor to student has often been studied from the perspective of the supervisor, as a small part of the overall doctoral degree program. This study uses findings from foundational pedagogy literature in the field of Nordic pedagogy studies in combination with empirical data findings from interviews, and maps elements of the doctoral thesis writing feedback system from an integral pluralism approach. The integral model of a feedback system to a doctoral thesis supervision is novel for the Nordic pedagogy literature and it is meant as complement to the current canon of literature on Nordic pedagogy.
An Integral Analysis of Wellbeing in Adults With Characteristics of High Functioning Autism
Authors: Beler Janice Marie
Published: November 2018

Quality of life is generally assessed through objective measures including conditions relating to material living, productive activity, health measures, education levels, and economic standing. In contrast, wellbeing is a complex process involving subjective evaluation of the qualities and experiences that make life good. Research is plentiful with studies exploring autism and quality of life. Less information is available relating to wellbeing and autism, especially from first person perspectives. This research explored how autism characteristics shape understanding and experiences of wellbeing in individuals with characteristics of high functioning autism. The study made use of a multi-method research framework, integral methodological pluralism (IMP), based on Ken Wilber's integral theory, for gathering and understanding knowledge from diverse perspectives, styles, and methodologies. Findings contributed towards a more coherent and inclusive understanding of personal wellbeing in high functioning autism.
Post-Adult Education Alternatives in 45 Years of Learning/Teaching
Authors: Fisher R. Michael
Published: November 2018

The author critically examines the directional trends that education has gone through in the last 45 years of his teaching and learning experiences, primarily in Alberta, Canada (1972-2017). He argues that, formerly, Alberta was at the leading edge of positive progressive change, before neoliberal ideology invaded Education. Through use of autoethnographic reflection and sociocultural and political contextualization of his educational experiences, the author elaborates the necessity of adopting a holistic-integral alternative path to research and teaching outside of institutionalized mainstream education systems. His emphasis on the affective domain, for example the importance of fear in education, is accompanied by his applications of developmental notions of “post-adult,” transdisciplinary, and integral theoretical work. The purpose of the chapter is to demonstrate, through his own life, a model of potential guidance for teachers, who are questioning how best to negotiate their own careers within the challenges of 21st century neoliberalism and cascading global crises.
A Private Cloud-Based Smart Learning Environment Using Moodle for Universities
Authors: Kumar T. S. Pradeep
Published: November 2018

Moodle is an open source learning management system that helps universities host the courses online through standalone or a in a private cloud environment that helps the educational institutions grow exponentially with all the facilities Moodle can offer. This chapter identifies the feasibility of a university to host their courses in Moodle which runs under a private cloud environment. This chapter explains various difficulties incurred by the public cloud and other standalone servers. This chapter also analyzes various metrics towards smarter learning methodologies and observes that the learning curve of the users is considerably increasing, and hence, such models are suitable for universities with several thousands of users. This chapter proposes a method to deploy Moodle for a smarter learning environment in universities of huge strength.
Educational Robotics in Smart Learning
Authors: Venkataraman Saravanan , Sharma Sunil Kumar
Published: November 2018

Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) are the key courses for the students in the 21st century. There are several teaching approaches to improve the average scores in STEM education. Involvement of robots in the teaching-learning process plays an important role to transform and enhance the learning process. The technological advancement helps the students to translate the typical mathematics and science concept into real-word applications. In this chapter, some concepts of STEM have been implemented with the help of Bioloid educational robots. The educational robotics enhance the academic achievement of the students. The programming of the BioLoid robots is carried out using RoboPlus software, and the outcomes of the concrete mathematics concepts are shown physically.
Cabot Science Library
Authors: Huang Joanna , Vedantham Anu
Published: November 2018

Cabot Science Library has transformed from a traditional collections-based science library into an innovative hub for collaborative learning support. This chapter examines how a well-designed space and technology promotes effective learning and documents how Cabot functions as a smart learning environment. The interplay between a physical and digital environment at Cabot Science Library emphasizes learner mobility and engagement, collaboration, and discovery, enabling knowledge creation and sharing.
Open Learner Models in Smart Learning Environments
Authors: Leonardou Angeliki , Rigou Maria , Garofalakis John D.
Published: November 2018

Smart learning environments (SLEs), like all adaptive learning systems, are built around the learner model and use it to support a variety of interventions such as mastery learning, scaffolding, adaptive sequencing, and adaptive navigation support. Open learner models (OLMs) “expose” the learner data to users through easily perceivable visual representations aiming to improve student self-reflection and self-regulated learning and also increase user motivation and even foster collaboration. This chapter presents the evolution and current state of OLMs, summarizes related research in the field emphasizing on OLM types, locus of control between the system and the user and visualizations categorized on the basis of quantized/continuous and structured/unstructured representations. OLM cases implementing typical SLEs features are described, along with representative real-life scenarios of incorporating OLMs in SLEs. Moreover, the chapter provides guidelines for designing effective OLMs and discusses current research trends in this active scientific field.
Cloud-Based Predictive Intelligence and Its Security Model
Authors: Singh Mayank , Kant Umang , Gupta P. K. , Srivastava Viranjay M.
Published: November 2018

Predictive computing is a relatively new area of research. Predictive computing helps people to predict the future or unknown events. It combines various statistical approaches like predictive analytics, predictive modeling, data mining, big data, and machine learning. Predictive computing uses current and historical facts to predict future events. It looks for relationships and patterns between data variables. The outcomes of data variables can be predicted if we know the values of explanatory variables. Cloud computing is another new technology that provides everything-as-a-service (XaaS) and is used widely in various businesses. All storage and computing devices use cloud platform due to its elasticity, scalability, and dynamicity. Cloud-based predictive computing is a technology that uses data available on the cloud. Presently, the data from the social sites (e.g., Facebook, Gmail, LinkedIn, election data, etc.) are stored on cloud, and the volume of this data is enormous which needs innovative predictive computing design and architecture. This chapter represents the cloud-based predictive intelligence and its security model. Architecture for predictive intelligence is proposed and compared with the existing models. An attack prediction algorithm is also proposed and compared for the accuracy in the predictive intelligence.