bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment of 27 Different Types of Cancer
Authors: Bojescu Mihai
Published: March 2021

BackgroundThis research paper analyzes how to treat cancer with a virus. It is known since the 1960s that viruses could be used to fight against cancers.MethodsTo answer this question, we analyzed the receptors that mutates when the genetic code becomes corrupt, then we analyzed the standard VP1 protein of two viruses of the same family. After that, we combined these two elements. Then we studied the REP genes and their impact on the virus entrance and replication. Finally, we examined the protocol of the synthesis of a rAAV. ResultsOur results showed that the protocol is applicable and that we would obtain a virus specially designed to kill the cancer cells. This virus would have a fully operational DNA, which would contain the VP1/2/3 genomic code, the REP genes and the ITR regions. ConclusionThis research is only theoretical, and all the steps and methods are based on a strong theoretic basis. The experimentation has not been made. We did not have the material to test them, but we tried to take all the impacting factors in consideration. Our study has shown that a treatment against cancer consisting of a virus could be possible.
Involvement of Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and BDNF Up-Regulating Properties in the Antipsychotic-Like Effect of the Essential Oil of Alpinia Zerumbet in Mice: A Comparative Study With Olanzapine
Authors: Araújo Fernanda Yvelize Ramos de , Filho Adriano José Maia Chaves , Nunes Adriana Mary , Oliveira Gersilene Valente de , Gomes Patrícia Xavier Lima , Vasconcelos Germana Silva , Carletti Jaqueline , Moraes Manoel Odorico de , Moraes Maria Elisabete de , Vasconcelos Silvânia Maria Mendes , Sousa Francisca Cléa Florenço de , Lucena David Freitas de , Macedo Danielle
Published: March 2021

The current drug therapy for schizophrenia effectively treats acute psychosis and its recurrence; however, this mental disorder’s cognitive and negative symptoms are still poorly controlled. Antipsychotics present important side effects, such as weight gain and extrapyramidal effects. The essential oil of Alpinia zerumbet (EOAZ) leaves presents potential antipsychotic properties that need further preclinical investigation. Here, we aimed to determine the effects of EAOZ in the prevention and reversal of schizophrenia-like symptoms (positive, negative, and cognitive) induced by ketamine (KET) repeated administration in mice and putative neurobiological mechanisms related to this effect. To this end, we evaluated antioxidant (GSH, nitrite levels), anti-inflammatory [interleukin (IL)-6], and neurotrophic [brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)] effects of this oil in hippocampal tissue. The atypical antipsychotic olanzapine (OLZ) was used as standard drug therapy. EOAZ, similarly to OLZ, prevented and reversed most KET-induced schizophrenia-like behavioral alterations, i.e., sensorimotor gating deficits and social impairment. EOAZ had a modest effect on the prevention of KET-associated working memory deficit. Compared to OLZ, EOAZ showed a more favorable side effects profile, inducing less cataleptic and weight gain changes. EOAZ efficiently protected the hippocampus against KET-induced oxidative imbalance, IL-6 increments, and BDNF impairment. In conclusion, our data add more mechanistic evidence for the anti-schizophrenia effects of EOAZ, based on its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and BDNF up-regulating actions. The absence of significant side effects observed in current antipsychotic drug therapy seems to be an essential benefit of the oil.
Evaluation of Geometric Similarity Metrics for Structural Clusters Generated using Topology Optimization
Authors: Dommaraju Nivesh , Bujny Mariusz , Menzel Stefan , Olhofer Markus , Duddeck Fabian
Published: March 2021

In an engineering design process, multitudes of feasible designs can be automatically generated using structural optimization methods by varying the design requirements or user preferences for different performance objectives. Design exploration of such potentially large datasets is a challenging task. An unsupervised data-centric approach for exploring designs is to find clusters of similar designs and recommend only the cluster representatives as designs for review. Similarity can be defined on a purely functional level but also based on the geometric properties, such as size, shape, and topology, which are important at the early stages of design engineering. Different metrics exist to measure geometrical differences, e.g., voxel distance, chamfer distances, or Euclidean distance in the reduced representation of the high-dimensional 3D geometric data. It is not clear which of the numerous metrics is best suited for exploring designs obtained in structural optimization. For example, chamfer distance intuitively measures the geometrical differences but is expensive. Euclidean distance with low-dimensional geometric features, when meaningful, provides features that can be associated with designs, which eases the visualization and exploration of a design dataset. To evaluate different metrics in the context of design exploration, we propose a novel approach to quantify certain useful properties of a metric such as the ability to capture intuitive geometrical differences and to identify similar designs in topologically-complex synthetic datasets using clustering, an unsupervised machine learning method. From our results, we conclude that dimensionality reduction techniques, namely, UMAP (Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection), and PCAE (Pointcloud Autoencoder) are promising in encoding geometric features that enable us to integrate geometrical properties with performance attributes.
Increasing Utility of Google Trends in Monitoring Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Senecal Conor , Mahowald Madeline , Lerman Lilach , Lopez-Jimenez Francisco , Lerman Amir
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and in the world. Patients are increasingly using internet search to find health-related information, including searches for cardiovascular diseases and risk factors. We sought to evaluate the change in the state by state correlation of cardiovascular disease and risk factors with Google Trends search volumes. Methods: Data on cardiovascular disease hospitalizations and risk factor prevalence were obtained from the publically available CDC website from 2006-2018. Google Trends data were obtained for matching conditions and time periods. Simple linear regression was performed to evaluate for an increase in correlation over time. Results: Hospitalizations for six separate cardiovascular disease conditions showed moderate to strong correlation with online search data in the last period studied (heart failure (0.58, P<0.001), atrial fibrillation (0.57, P<0.001), coronary heart disease (0.58, P<0.001), myocardial infarction (0.70, P<0.001), stroke (0.62, P<0.001), cardiac dysrhythmia (0.46, P<0.001)). All diseases studied showed a positive increase in correlation throughout the time period studied (P<0.05). All five of the cardiovascular risk factors studied showed strong correlation with online search data; diabetes (R=0.78, P<0.001), cigarette use (R=0.79, P<0.001), hypertension (R=0.81, P<0.001), high cholesterol (R=0.59, P<0.001), obesity (R=0.80, P<0.001). Three of the five showed an increasing correlation over time. Conclusion: The prevalence of and hospitalizations for cardiovascular conditions in the United States strongly correlate with online search volumes nationwide and when analyzed by state. This relationship has progressively strengthened or been strong and stable over recent years for these conditions. Google Trends represents an increasingly valuable tool for evaluating the burden of cardiovascular disease and risk factors in the United States.
Proteomic profiling of extracellular vesicles and particles reveals the cellular response to cisplatin in NSCLC
Authors: Xu Jiaqi , Wang Lujuan , Yin Na , Chen Anqi , Yi Junqi , Tang Jingqun , Xiang Juanjuan
Published: March 2021

Background

Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is a first-line therapeutic strategy against Non Small Cell Lung Cancer. However, cancers relapse months or years after chemotherapy due to a dormant state of residual cancer cells. Great efforts have been made to identify biomarkers that can be used to predict the relapse after a peroid of dormancy. Extracellular vesicles and extracellular particles (EVPs) have been considered to be active carriers of proteins and nucleic acid.
Methods

The proteome of lung cancer cells in dormant and reactivated states after treatement of cisplatin was analyzed using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) coupled with two-dimensional nanoflow liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (2D-nLC-MS/MS).Then we compared the EVPs from cisplatin-responsive cancer cells and their gene transcriptional profiles.
Results

We found that apolipoproteins such as APOA1, APOE were significantly increased in dormant cancer cell-derived EVPs.Integration of EVP proteomes with transcriptional profiles of cancer cells revealed that the proteomic profiling of EVP derived from cancer cells can reflect the cellular status of cancer cells, which showed an activated lipid metabolism in dormant state. The activated lipid metabolism may provide the building blocks necessary for the following cancer cell proliferation in activated state.
Conclusions

Taken together,our study found that lipoproteins enriched in EVPs reflect the activated lipid metabolism in dormant cancer cells. It will provide predictive biomarkers or therapeutic targets for cisplatin-induced dormant cancer cells.
Primary Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma in Midbrain: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Zhao Yongrui , Hu Ronghua , Wu Rui , Xu Jiankun
Published: March 2021

Background: Primary non-dural central nervous system (CNS) mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a rare indolent B-cell lymphoma, with only a few reported cases worldwide. Case presentation: This report presents the treatment of MALT lymphoma developing in the midbrain. The patient received radiotherapy, and the tumour was in complete remission. We also reviewed the literature on brain parenchymal-based MALT lymphoma, including the clinical presentation, treatment options and outcomes.Conclusions: Although there is no consensus on the optimal treatment for this rare disease, patients can respond well when treated with radiotherapy alone.
A Model of Atherosclerosis using Nicotine with Balloon Overdilation in a Porcine
Authors: Kim Munki , Kim Han Byul , Park Dae Sung , Cho Kyung Hoon , Hyun Dae Young , Kee Hae Jin , Hong Young Joon , Jeong MyungHo
Published: March 2021

Pigs are one of the important experimental animals for cardiovascular research. Few porcine coronary atherosclerosis models have been developed; however, the induction of which requires longer than 6 months. We developed a porcine coronary artery atherosclerosis model using nicotine injection with a balloon overdilation. A coronary balloon was placed in the porcine coronary artery and was over dilated to induce a mechanical injury. Nicotine was administrated via intramuscular injection every day and changes in the coronary artery were observed after 4 weeks. Coronary angiography revealed nicotine injection with a balloon overdilation groups showed narrowing of the coronary artery at the injury site. Combination of balloon and nicotine significantly increased the intimal hyperplasia on optical coherence tomography analysis. Proliferated tunica media was noted in the nicotine injection with balloon overdilation groups. Quantitative analysis showed increased smooth muscle actin alpha (SMA), cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68), and Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) in the nicotine injection with balloon overdilation groups. The immunohistochemistry results showed CD68-positive cells displayed SMA- and KLF4-positive reactivity in the border zone of intimal hyperplasia. Our results show that nicotine injection with balloon overdilation can induce an atherosclerosis lesion within one month, which mimics the human atherosclerosis.
Association of Blood and Urine Parameter Value Change With the Amount of Consumed Water Regime and Sample Sampling in Healthy Individuals
Authors: Jovicic Snezana M
Published: March 2021

Background: Understanding the effect of pre-analytical factors is important for data quality of bio-specimens and health status. The study examines the effect of 9-days fluid intake and 2-time sampling on concentration changes of 7-Urine and 17-Blood variables. Material and Method: SPSS software v23.0 applies to data processing. The group of 23 healthy subjects divide based on water intake and gender. Results: A statistically significant difference(p<0.01) between 1st/2nd sampling is confirmed for Freezing point depression, Sodium, Potassium, Creatinine Urea and Urate in Urine and Urea, Urate, Glucose, Hematocrit, Thrombocyte in Blood. The difference between water intake after 1st sampling is confirmed (p<0.01) for Freezing point depression, Sodium, Urate and(p<0.05) for Potassium(p<0.05), Chloride(p<0.05), Creatinine(p<0.05), Urate, Urea in Urine and Potassium(p<0.01) and Chloride(p<0.05) in Blood. Difference between gender exists for Urea(p<0.05) in Urine after 2nd sampling and Urate(P<0.01), Glucose(p<0.01/0.05), Ht(p<0.01/0.05) after 1st and 2nd sampling and MCHC(p<0.01) after 2nd sampling in Blood samples.Conclusion: Water intake increases blood and urine biomarker range after sampling.
Serum Albumin Was Negatively Associated With Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Chinese Population: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: yan pijun , Tang Qian , Wu Yuru , Wan Qin , Zhang Zhihong , Xu Yong , Zhu Jianhua , Miao Ying
Published: March 2021

Background: Studies that investigated the association between serum albumin and the risk of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) have reported inconsistent results. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between serum albumin and DPN in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Serum albumin levels were measured in 1465 patients with T2DM aged 16–89 years. The relationships between serum albumin and the prevalence of DPN and other parameters were analyzed. Results: Patients in the highest quartile of serum albumin had lower prevalence of DPN compared with subjects in the lowest quartile (P <0.01). Serum albumin was positively associated with DBP, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, uric acid, and negatively with glycated hemoglobin A1c, γ-glutamyltransferase, cystatin C, serum creatinine, albumin- to-creatinine ratio, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, vibration perception thresholds (VPT), and prevalence of DPN after adjustments for age, gender, body mass index, and diabetic duration ( P<0.01 or P<0.05). There was an 50.1% decreased risk of DPN (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.404-0.544; P <0.01) per 1 SD increase of serum and 62.7% decreased risk of DPN in quartile 4 of serum albumin versus quartiles 1, 2, and 3 (95% CI 0.195-0.714; P=0.003) after multivariate adjustment. Serum albumin could predict DPN with 65.88% sensitivity and 66.7% specificity for the best cutoff value of 39.95 g/L. Conclusions: These findings suggest that lower serum albumin might be associated with the presence of DPN via increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and vasculopathy. Further larger and prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Applications of Machine Learning to Predict Cisplatin Resistance in Lung Cancer
Authors: Gao Yanan , Lyu Qiong , Zhou Rui , Luo Peng , Zhang Jian , Lyu Qingwen
Published: March 2021

Background: Lung cancer, mainly including lung adenocarcinoma, lung squamous cell carcinoma and small cell lung cancer, is the cancer with the highest incidence and cancer-related mortality in the world. Platinum-based chemotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of various lung cancer subtypes, but not all patients can benefit from it, so it is worth identifying lung cancer patients who are resistant or insensitive.Method: The drug response and sequencing data of 170 lung cancer cell lines were downloaded from the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database, and support vector machines (SVMs) and beam search were used to select an optimal gene panel that can predict the sensitivity of cell lines to cisplatin. Then, we used the available cell line data to explore the potential mechanisms.Result: In this study, SVMs and beam search were used to screen a 9-gene panel related to lung cancer cell line resistance to cisplatin, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.873 ± 0.004. The natural logarithm of the half maximal inhibitory concentration (lnIC50) values of the panel-MT group were significantly higher than those of the panel-WT group, regardless of whether lung cancer subtype was considered. In addition, we found that the differentially expressed pathways between the two groups may explain the difference.Conclusion: In this study, we found that a panel including nine genes (PLXNC1, KIAA0649, SPTBN4, SLC14A2, F13A1, COL5A1, SCN2A, PLEC, and ALMS1) can accurately predict sensitivity to cisplatin, which may provide individualized treatment recommendations to improve the prognosis of patients with lung cancer.
Quantitative Mapping of Individual Voxels in the Peritumoral Region of Glioblastoma to Distinguish Between Tumor Infiltration and Edema
Authors: Dasgupta Archya , Geraghty Benjamin , Maralani Pejman Jabehdar , Malik Nauman , Sandhu Michael , Detsky Jay , Tseng Chia-Lin (Eric) , Soliman Hany , Myrehaug Sten , Husain Zain , Perry James , Lau Angus , Sahgal Arjun , Czarnota Gregory
Published: March 2021

Purpose: The peritumoral region (PTR) in glioblastoma (GBM) represents a combination of infiltrative tumor and vasogenic edema, which are indistinguishable on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We developed a radiomic signature by using imaging data from low grade glioma (LGG) (marker of tumor) and PTR of brain metastasis (BM) (marker of edema) and applied it on the GBM PTR to generate probabilistic maps. Methods: 270 features were extracted from T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and apparent diffusion coefficient maps in over 3.5 million voxels of LGG (36 segments) and BM (45 segments) scanned in a 1.5 T MRI. A support vector machine classifier was used to develop the radiomics model from approximately 50% voxels (downsampled to 10%) and validated with the remaining. The model was applied to over 575,000 voxels of the PTR of 10 patients with GBM to generate a quantitative map using Platt scaling (infiltrative tumor vs. edema). Results: The radiomics model had an accuracy of 0.92 and 0.79 in the training and test set, respectively (LGG vs. BM). When extrapolated on the GBM PTR, 9 of 10 patients had a higher percentage of voxels with a tumor-like signature over radiological recurrence areas. In 7 of 10 patients, the areas under curves (AUC) were >0.50 confirming a positive correlation. Including all the voxels from the GBM patients, the infiltration signature had an AUC of 0.61 to predict recurrence.Conclusion: A radiomic signature can demarcate areas of microscopic tumors from edema in the PTR of GBM, which correlates with areas of future recurrence.
Protocol for a Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Provider-targeted Interventions to Improve Opioid Prescribing in Primary Care
Authors: Prathivadi Pallavi , Connell Natalie , Picco Louisa , Giannitrapani Karleen F , Wong Hong-nei , Barton Chris , Lorenz Karl , Mazza Danielle
Published: March 2021

Background: Improving primary care opioid prescribing is a public health priority in many western nations. Governments, policymakers and key stakeholders are intervening on multiple levels to address patient, prescriber and systems factors contributing to opioid over-prescription in primary care. Many opioid prescribing interventions specifically target primary care providers (PCPs); however, the overall effectiveness of these interventions is not known. Identifying effective components of PCP-targeted behaviour change interventions may help inform scalability and translation of prescribing interventions across countries and varying primary healthcare settings. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the effectiveness of provider-targeted interventions to improve opioid prescribing in primary care. This protocol reports the methods of the proposed narrative synthesis review that will be guided by the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Methods: The study will follow Cochrane methods for conducting a narrative synthesis. Reporting is compliant with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) protocols. The review will conduct searches in PubMed, EMBASE, PsychInfo, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library databases for studies published in the English language from 2010 onwards. Reference lists of accepted articles will be also screened for additional studies meeting inclusion. Any opioid prescribing behaviour will be measured as an outcome. Intervention components will be mapped to domains of the TDF. No geographic limits will be applied. All stages of screening and data extraction will involve a dual review with gold standard adjudication. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool will be used to evaluate quality and risk. Discussion: This review is being conducted in strict adherence to Cochrane principles. The protocol was submitted for registration to Prospero prior to publication for transparency and to avoid duplication of research. Formal ethics approval is not required for this research. The findings of this review will inform the delivery and implementation of PCP targeted opioid prescribing interventions. Findings will be disseminated to a wide range of stakeholders involved in quality improvement, prescribing interventions, education and training; professional groups, policymakers, researchers and PCPs.Systematic review registration: Submitted to Prospero 22 December 2020; pending registration
Device and non-device-guided slow breathing to reduce blood pressure in hypertensive patients: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Gonçalves Kamila Shelry de Freitas , Daniel Ana Carolina Queiroz Godoy , Lamas José Luiz Tatagiba , Silveira Renata Cristina De Campos Pereira , Cloutier Lyne , Veiga Eugenia Velludo
Published: March 2021

IntroductionPhysiotherapy can include both device-guided slow breathing and device-guided slow breathing in the treatment of systemic arterial hypertension. MethodsA systematic search of all published randomized controlled trials on the effects of device-guided and non-device-guided slow breathing on hypertensive patients, without language restriction, will be carried out until January 2020 in nine databases: Pubmed / MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature ( CINAHL), Scopus, Web of Science, Livivo, as well as a search of clinical trial records databases, CT.GOV (Clinical trials.Gov), and bases for the Open Grey gray literature, Gray Literature Report, ProQuest Central (Citation, Abstract or Indexing and Dissertations and Theses). In all of these databases, potentially eligible studies including completed and ongoing ECAs were researched. The quality assessment of the included studies will be conducted using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Trials. The overall quality of the evidence for each outcome will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. DiscussionThis systematic review will provide a summary of the current evidence on the effects of both device-guided slow breathing and device-guided slow breathing on blood pressure levels. This information can contribute to decision making by health professionals related to the use of these interventions in hypertensive patients. Following the guidelines, this systematic review protocol was registered with the Prospective International Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) number CRD42020147554.
Investigation of Pharmacological Mechanism of Natural Product Using Pathway Fingerprints Similarity Based on “Drug-Target-Pathway” Heterogenous Network
Authors: Guo Feifei , Jiang Chunhong , Xi Yujie , Wang Dan , Zhang Yi , Xie Ning , Guan Yi , Zhang Fangbo , Yang Hongjun
Published: March 2021

Natural products from traditional medicine inherit bioactivity from their source herbs. However, the pharmacological mechanism of natural products is often unclear and studied insufficiently. Pathway fingerprint similarity based on “drug-target-pathway” heterogeneous network provides new insight into Mechanism of Action (MoA) for natural products compared with reference drugs, which are selected approved drugs with similar bioactivity. Natural products with similar pathway fingerprints may have similar MoA to approved drugs. In our study, XYPI, an andrographolide derivative, had similar anti-inflammatory activity to Glucocorticoids (GCs) and Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), and GCs and NSAIDs have completely different MoA. Based on similarity evaluation, XYPI has similar pathway fingerprints as NSAIDs, but has similar target profile with GCs. The expression pattern of genes in LPS-activated macrophages after XYPI treatment is similar to that after NSAID but not GC treatment, and this experimental result is consistent with the computational prediction based on pathway fingerprints. These results imply that the pathway fingerprints of drugs have potential for drug similarity evaluation. This study used XYPI as an example to propose a new approach for investigating the pharmacological mechanism of natural products using pathway fingerprint similarity based on a “drug-target-pathway” heterogeneous network.
Prevalence of HER2 overexpression and amplification in uterine cervical cancer: a systematic review and a meta-analysis.
Authors: Itkin Boris , Garcia Agustin , Straminsky Samanta , Adelchanow Eduardo Daniel , Pereyra Matias , Haab Gabriela Acosta , Bardach Ariel
Published: March 2021

BackgroundThe reported rates of HER2 positivity in uterine cervical cancer (CC) range from 0–87%. The organization of clinical studies of HER2 targeting agents in CC requires a better knowledge of HER2 positivity prevalence. We aimed to provide precise estimates of HER2 overexpression and amplification in CC.MethodsWe conducted a PRISMA compliant meta-analytic systematic review. We searched electronic databases for articles reporting the proportion of HER2 positivity by immunohistochemistry or in situ hybridization in CC. We performed descriptive analyses of all 65 included studies. Of these, we selected 26 studies that used standardized American Society of Clinical Oncology / College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP) Guidelines compliant methodology. We conducted several meta-analyses of proportions to estimate the pooled prevalence of HER2 positivity and subgroup analyses using geographic region, histology, tumor stage, primary antibody brand, study size, and publication year as moderators.ResultsThe estimated pooled prevalence of HER2 overexpression was 5.7% (CI 95%: 1.5–11.7%) in ASCO/CAP compliant studies and 27.0%, (CI 95%: 19.9–34.8%) in ASCO/CAP non-compliant ones, p < 0.001. The estimated pooled prevalence of HER2 amplification was 1.2% (CI 95%: 0.0–5.8%) and 24.9% (CI 95%: 12.6–39.6%), respectively, p = 0.004. No other factor was significantly associated with HER2 positivity rates.ConclusionA small proportion of CC is expected to be HER2 positive. Variations in previously reported HER2 positivity rates are mainly related to methodological issues.
Financial Inclusion Gender Gap in Ethiopia: Evidence from Decomposition Analysis
Authors: Hundie Shemelis Kebede , Tulu Daniel Tadesse
Published: March 2021

Financial inclusion gender gap in Ethiopia is significantly high and how socioeconomic variables affect the gap is not sufficiently studied. Hence, this study examines financial inclusion gender gap in Ethiopia using the World Bank’s Global Findex database of 2017. Hence, this study aims to examine the magnitude of financial inclusion gender gap and its socioeconomic determinants in Ethiopia using different econometric decomposition analysis. Empirical findings denote that there is statistically significant financial gender disparity in Ethiopia. Fairlie decomposition results show that being older, a man, more educated and richer favor financial inclusion with a higher influence of age, employment and education. Moreover, differences in coefficients, differences in productivity, advantage to males and disadvantage to females widen the gender gap in financial inclusion Ethiopia.
SELECTION OF WELDING CONDITIONS FOR MINIMIZING THE RESIDUAL STRESSES AND DEFORMATIONS DURING HARD-FACING OF MILD STEEL
Authors:   Piri Reis University, Istanbul, Turkey, Savaş Atilla
Published: March 2021

Hard-facing process is widely used for improving the wear resistance of mild steel. During the application of hard-facing, due to high temperatures, residual stresses and deformations may occur. The tensile residual stresses may cause crack propagation on the hard-faced part. The purpose of this study is to utilise minimum computer work for minimizing these residual stresses and deformations during the hard-facing of mild steel. The fully coupled transient heat transfer and structural analysis was performed for calculations. The double-ellipsoidal moving heat source was utilised to simulate the heat input from the gas metal arc welding (GMAW). Only eight numerical simulations were performed to minimize the computer work; the grey relational analysis was used for minimizing both the residual stresses and deformations. Welding speed, welding current, and welding pattern were considered as changing parameters. At the end of the numerical and statistical solutions, it is observed that heat input should be kept minimum to minimize the stresses and deformations. But it is obvious that the heat input must provide a temperature greater than the melding point. Straight patterns always produce better results for minimizing stresses and deformations. Transverse stress at the beginning and end of the longitudinal path gets higher significantly after cooling. Cooling does not affect the total deformation.
Matrix product operator symmetries and intertwiners in string-nets with domain walls
Authors: Lootens Laurens , Fuchs Jürgen , Haegeman Jutho , Schweigert Christoph , Verstraete Frank
Published: March 2021

We provide a description of virtual non-local matrix product operator (MPO) symmetries in projected entangled pair state (PEPS) representations of string-net models. Given such a PEPS representation, we show that the consistency conditions of its MPO symmetries amount to a set of six coupled equations that can be identified with the pentagon equations of a bimodule category. This allows us to classify all equivalent PEPS representations and build MPO intertwiners between them, synthesising and generalising the wide variety of tensor network representations of topological phases. Furthermore, we use this generalisation to build explicit PEPS realisations of domain walls between different topological phases as constructed by Kitaev and Kong [Commun. Math. Phys. 313 (2012) 351-373]. While the prevailing abstract categorical approach is sufficient to describe the structure of topological phases, explicit tensor network representations are required to simulate these systems on a computer, such as needed for calculating thresholds of quantum error-correcting codes based on string-nets with boundaries. Finally, we show that all these string-net PEPS representations can be understood as specific instances of Turaev-Viro state-sum models of topological field theory on three-manifolds with a physical boundary, thereby putting these tensor network constructions on a mathematically rigorous footing.
Pleural Effusion Classification Based on Chest X-Ray Images using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Fauzan Ahmad Rafiansyah , Wahyuddin Mohammad Iwan , Ningsih Sari
Published: March 2021

Pleural effusion is a respiratory infection characterized by a buildup of fluid between the two layers of pleura, which causes specific symptoms such as chest pain and shortness of breath. In Indonesia, pleural effusion cases alone account for 2.7% of other respiratory infections, with an estimated number of sufferers in general at more than 3000 people per 1 million population annually. Pleural effusion is a severe case and can cause death if not treated immediately. Based on a study, as many as 15% of 104 patients diagnosed with pleural effusion died within 30 days. In this paper, we present a model that can detect pleural effusion based on chest x-ray images automatically using a Machine Learning algorithm. The machine learning algorithm used is Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), with the dataset used from ChestX-ray14. The number of data used was 2500 in the form of x-ray images, based on two different classes, x-ray with pleural effusion and x-ray with normal condition. The evaluation result shows that the CNN model can classify data with an accuracy of 95% of the test set data; thus, we hope it can be an alternative to assist medical diagnosis in pleural effusion detection.
Role of Pulmonary Ultrasound in COVID-19 Pandemics
Authors: Starostin Daniil , Kuzovlev Artem
Published: March 2021

:

Currently, there is a lot of clinical data on the basics of lung ultrasound (US) examination
in patients with COVID-19. This article is focused on the principles of pneumonia diagnosis.
It is established that the use of ultrasound can be informative at the prehospital stage and triage of
patients and also detection of mild forms of the course of the disease.
A Patent Review on the Use of L-Asparaginase in the Treatment of Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Freire Davi Almeida , Lisboa Magalháes Ilana Carneiro , Tramontina Florean Eridan Orlando Pereira , Florindo Guedes Maria Izabel
Published: March 2021

L-asparaginase (L-asparagine amino hydrolase, E.C.3.5.1.1) is the most important chemotherapeutic
drug used in treating Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL), decreasing blood asparagine
rates causing apoptosis in tumor cells. However, pharmacological drugs cause several side effects
making treatments difficult. Thus, searches for new sources of L-asparaginase or enzyme modifications
focus on discovering new products to use in therapy. This article reviewed published patents
from 2000 to 2020 related to the treatment of ALL using L-asparaginase. Many organisms have been
shown as potential viable L-asparaginase producers for use in the treatment of ALL. However, this patent
review shows that few of these organisms are gaining attention to becoming bioproducts for the
market. It is expected that drugs in the testing phase and patents related to the treatment of ALL and
other cancers will become real products. Besides, a treatment using an amino acid depletion approach,
now referring to asparagine, altogether with a compound that directly interferes with the expression of
the asparagine synthase gene, is more suitable for the treatment of ALL and possibly to other cancers.
PENCEGAHAN TINDAK PLAGIARISME DALAM PENULISAN SKRIPSI: UPAYA MEMPERKUAT PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER DI DUNIA AKADEMIK
Authors: Mulyana Mulyana
Published: March 2021

Abstract: Plagiarism Prevention in Thesis Writing: An Attempt to StrengthenCharacter Building in the Academic World. The study is aimed at describingplagiarism in thesis writing at a tertiary educational institution. The study wasconducted in the Javanese Department, Faculty of Language and Arts, YogyakartaState University. The data were collected through in-depth interviews andobservations, and analysed using the explanatory approach, espesially thequalitative descriptive technique. The findings show that plagiarism in thesiswriting includes duplicating, consisting of (1) duplicating titles, (2) duplicatingcontents, (3) duplicating theories, (4) duplicating, and (5) duplicating references.The process approach in thesis writing can be used to prevent plagiarism. Such anapproach consists of steps as follows: returning the thesis draft, showing originalsources, and cancelling the thesis. These can be carried out by investigating,discussing, evaluating, and presenting thesis titles and contents.Keywords: plagiarism, thesis writing, character building
Automatic detection of the Cyclic Alternating Pattern of sleep and diagnosis of sleep-related pathologies (Preprint)
Authors: Cui Jiajia , Huang Zhipei , Wu Jiankang
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

The Cyclic Alternating Pattern is a periodic electroencephalogram activity occurring during No Rapid Eye Movement sleep. It is a marker of sleep instability and correlated with several sleep-related pathologies.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of our study is to automatic detect the Cyclic Alternating Pattern of sleep and to diagnose sleep-related pathologies based on ECG and respiratory signals.

METHODS

Considering the connection between heart and brain of people, by statistically analysising and comparing the cardiopulmonary characteristics of people with no pathology and patients with sleep-related diseases, an automatic recognition scheme of Cyclic Alternating Pattern is proposed based on the Cardiopulmonary Resonance Indices. Using improved Hidden Markov and Random Forest, the scheme combines both the measurements of coupling state and the stability of the cardiopulmonary system during sleep.

RESULTS

In this article, the average recognition rate of A-phase reaches 84.67% and F1 score reaches 80.35% on the CAP Sleep Database in MIT-BIH database.

CONCLUSIONS

The scheme could automatically recognize the Cyclic Alternating Pattern accurately, and diagnose insomnia and narcolepsy using ECG and respiratory signals.
Mencari Media Pemanas Autoclave yang Murah dan Bersih
Authors: Winarsih Lies
Published: March 2021

Praktikum dan penelitian di laboratorium mikrobiologi menggunakan alat autoklaf. Alat ini berguna untuk mensterilkan alat dan bahan dengan menggunakan metode basah. Dalam pengoperasian autoklaf menggunakan air sebagai media pemanas. Pada penggunaan air sumur dan air galon isi ulang, sering terjadi endapan yang berwarna kecoklatan pada dasar autoclave setelah pemakaian dalam waktu tertentu. Juga menggunakan akuades dari laboratorium biologi, tetapi ketersediaan aquades terbatas dan membutuhkan biaya lebih. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan penelitian menggunakan beberapa macam jenis air/media sehingga didapat air/media yang murah, dan bersih untuk pengisian autoklaf. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis air/media yang dapat digunakan dalam jangka panjang dengan mempertahankan kualitas sterilisasi, serta menjaga kebersihan autoklaf dan meminimalkan biaya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan melakukan percobaan di laboratorium dengan alat autoklaf dan air sumur, air galon isi ulang, akuades dan air sisa buangan AC sebagai pengisi autoklaf. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan air sumur dan air galon isi ulang lebih cepat mengalami kekeruhan dibanding dengan aquades dan air sisa buangan AC dengan tingkat kekeruhan air sumur 46,8 NTU, air isi ulang 22,7 NTU, air aquades 8,72 NTU, dan air sisa buangan AC 3,5 NTU.
Upaya Pencegahan Kecelakaan Kerja pada Praktikum Mengoperasikan Traktor 4 Roda 4 WD Menggunakan Metode Modifikasi Pedal Kopling
Authors: Erman Erman
Published: March 2021

Aspek perlindungan tenaga kerja yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 menyatakan bahwa dengan menerapkan teknologi pengendalian keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja, diharapkan tenaga kerja akan mencapai ketahanan fisik, daya kerja dan tingkat kesehatan yang tinggi. Politeknik Negeri lampung, program studi mekanisasi pertanian salah satu peralatan praktikum menggunakan traktor 4 roda 4 WD yang pengoperasiannya beresiko tinggi yang dijadikan topik permasalahan pada kajian iniPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1)Mencegah kecelakaan kerja pada peraktikum mengoperasikan traktor 4 roda 4 WD , 2) Memodifikasi pedal kopling untuk mendapat kan tambahan pedal kopling yang pas untuk pendamping/pelatih (PLP)Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan pendekatan deskriptif , teknik utama mengumpulkan data yaitu observasi dan wawancara mendalam. Kecelakaan pada saat praktikum mengoperasikan traktor dapat di cegah/diminimalkan, dengan cara memodifikasi pedal kopling untuk pendamping (PLP). Pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Logam dan Otomotif serta lapangan per kebunan Politeknik Negeri Lampung, pada jadwal praktikum, Kegiatan analisis dan wawancara mendalam di lakukan secara simultan sepanjang periode penelitian kurun waktu enam bulan (satu semester)Hasil kajian dari simulasi pedal kopling yang belum dimodifikasi dengan yang sudah dimodifikasi dilapangan dan wawancara mendalam peneliti dengan responden menyatakan bahwa pedal kopling yang sudah dimodifikasi lebih aman dan nyaman di bandingkan pedal kopling yang belum dimodifikasi, Pendamping praktikum dapat langsung menekan pedal kopling apabila berpotensi insiden tanpa mengganggu dan menunggu mahasiswa selama praktikum, semua responden memberikan pernyataan yang sama.
Analisis Kebutuhan Media Promosi Kesehatan Layanan Provider Initiated Testing and Counseling (PITC) bagi Ibu Hamil
Authors: Maydianasari Lenna - , Ratnaningsih Ester -
Published: March 2021

Latar Belakang: Kasus HIV pada ibu hamil di Kabupaten Sleman pada tahun 2018 sebanyak 23 kasus dan  meningkat menjadi 75 kasus pada tahun 2019. Setiap ibu hamil sudah diwajibkan untuk dilakukan tes HIV melalui layanan PITC. Namun, media promosi kesehatan tentang layanan PITC belum tersedia, sehingga ibu hamil belum memahami pentingnya layanan tersebut dan pencegahan HIV/AIDS.Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis kebutuhan media promosi kesehatan layanan PITC bagi ibu hamil.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian penjelasan (explanatory research) dengan pendekatan kuantitatif untuk meneliti karaktersitik responden dan informasi layanan PITC serta pendekatan kualitatif untuk kebutuhan media promosi kesehatan layanan PITC. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan kuesioner dan panduan wawancara mendalam. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan analisis isi (content analysis).Hasil: Mayoritas responden berusia 20-35 tahun, pendidikan menengah, ibu rumah tangga, primigravida dan umur kehamilan trimester III. Media promosi kesehatan layanan PITC diperlukan untuk mempermudah penyampaian informasi bagi ibu hamil dan suaminya (51,7%). Bentuk pesan dan media yaitu audiovisual (87,1%) dan jenis media sosial (75,3%). Kesimpulan: Media promosi kesehatan layanan PITC bagi ibu hamil yang dibutuhkan adalah media audiovisual yang disampaikan melalui media sosial. Media tersebut dapat diintegrasikan dengan strategi promosi serta komunikasi kesehatan efektif untuk pencegahan HIV/AIDS pada kehamilan.
Impact Of Climate Change On The Phytobiodiversity Of Tazekka National Park
Authors: Najat Assem , Hanae Elharrani , Mohammed El Haouari , Latifa El Hafid , Jamal Chaaouan
Published: March 2021

The Tazekka National Park, created in 1950 on an initial area of 680 hectares, located in the mountain range of the Eastern, Middle Atlas, offers a great variety in terms of the landscape and the diversity of forest populations. However, studies have reported that the park’s biodiversity is threatened due to anthropogenic and climatic factors. The aim of this work is to carry out a comparative study concerning the influence of climate change during the years 1985, 2007 and 2018 on the distribution of plant species in different stations of the Tazekka National Park (Ras al ma, Bab Boudir, Bab Azhar and Jbel Tazekka).To carry out this work, several field trips were carried out. The results obtained in the form of GIS using the ArcGis 10.4.1 software have shown that climate change significantly influences the plant biodiversity of the Park. It is necessary to find assessment, monitoring and management strategies for these climate risks in order to preserve phytobiodiversity.
On independent position sets in graphs
Authors: Thomas Elias John , Chandran S. V. Ullas
Published: March 2021

An independent set S of vertices in a graph G is an independent position set if no three vertices of S lie on a common geodesic. An independent position set of maximum size is an ip-set of G. The cardinality of an ip-set is the independent position number, denoted by ip(G). In this paper, we introduce and study the independent position number of a graph. Certain general properties of these concepts are discussed. Graphs of order n having the independent position number 1 or n − 1 are characterized. Bounds for the independent position number of Cartesian and Lexicographic product graphs are determined and the exact value for Corona product graphs are obtained. Finally, some realization results are proved to show that there is no general relationship between independent position sets and other related graph invariants.
Some remarks on fuzzy infi topological spaces
Authors: Das Birojit , Bhattacharya Baby , Saha Apu Kumar
Published: March 2021

Induced fuzzy infi topological space is already introduced by Saha and Bhattacharya [Saha A.K., Bhattacharya D. 2015, Normal Induced Fuzzy Topological Spaces, Italian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 34, 45-56]. In this paper for the said space, we further analyse some properties viz. fuzzy I-continuity, fuzzy infi open mappings and fuzzy infi closed mappings etc. Also we study product fuzzy infi topological space and establish some results concerned with it.
O dilema do reúso de dispositivos médicos de uso único: aspectos históricos e atuais
Authors:   Universidade do Estado da Bahia (Uneb), Salvador, BA, Brasil, Auxiliadora Magalhães Costa Eliana , Alves Costa Ediná ,   Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brasil
Published: March 2021

Introdução: O reúso de dispositivos de uso único é emblemático e envolve questões técnica, regulatória, econômica, e ambiental, além de segurança do paciente. Objetivo: Descrever aspectos históricos e atuais do reúso de dispositivos médicos de uso único, de modo a subsidiar uma análise dos dilemas que envolvem essa prática. Método: Ensaio acadêmico, utilizando dados de revisão narrativa da literatura e expertise dos autores. Resultados: O reúso desses dispositivos é controverso, apesar de disseminado mundialmente. Embora haja risco teórico envolvido no reúso desses produtos, dados publicados não identificam uma relação causal entre evento adverso e reúso desses dispositivos. Existem argumentos favoráveis e contrários a essa prática, além de distintas questões implicadas, como consentimento do paciente, responsabilidade técnica, justiça distributiva e social com disseminação de risco e benefício para os pacientes, podendo ser analisadas à luz do utilitarismo, do contratualismo e da ética da terra. A declaração de que o produto é de uso único ou de multiuso é da competência do fabricante e órgãos reguladores não solicitam provas atestando que o produto de uso único não pode ser reusado, apontando inconsistências na definição do rótulo de uso único. Conclusões: Faz-se necessário rever a classificação dos produtos no momento do registro nas agências reguladoras, a fim de clarificar o rótulo desses produtos, se de multiuso ou de uso único, o ponto chave do dilema do reúso de produtos médicos. Adicionalmente, há que se munir o Estado não apenas com a capacidade de regular processos e serviços de saúde, mas de realizar o controle sanitário dessas atividades, a fim de minimizar riscos à saúde coletiva.