bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LA NOTION D’INTÉRÊTS COLLECTIFS DANS LE POST-MARXISME ET LA TRADITION RADICALE NOIRE
Authors: Ajari Norman
Published: November 2023

Cet article élabore le constat que la philosophie sociale du XXe siècle se caractérise par un reflux progressif du concept d’intérêts de classe. L’analyse de Georg Lukacs de la position-clef du prolétariat au sein des rapports sociaux capitaliste a été matricielle pour la philosophie de la première École de Francfort. Cependant, en rattachant le concept d’intérêts collectifs à la connaissance davantage qu’a la politique, Habermas en entame la déconstruction. Elle sera achevée avec les efforts de Laclau et Mouffe pour condamner le concept d’intérêts comme relevant d’un essentialisme de classe. A la même période, au contraire, au sein de la tradition radicale noire, la notion d’intérêts appliquée aux populations afrodescendantes conserve toute sa pertinence. Les œuvres d’Aimé Césaire et de Frantz Fanon en fournissent la preuve.
EPISTEMICÍDIO E NORMA EPISTÊMICA
Authors: Mariz Félix Santana Taciana , Paulo Gomane Manuel Cochole
Published: November 2023

Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir acerca do epistemicídio e a norma epistêmica como estratégias de dominação colonialista por meio do exercício do poder sobre o saber e o ser em sociedades colonizadas, um debate que se enquadra igualmente no campo da epistemologia social, particularmente na temática sobre o “silenciamento epistêmico”. O epistemicídio ou as “injustiças epistêmicas”, junto ao genocídio em nosso território afro-pindorâmico, se caracteriza com continuadas tentativas de extermínio das tradições, saberes e suas tecnologias, sustentada por vários mecanismos de silenciamento, dentre eles, temos a norma epistêmica com base na “razão universal” ao exemplo do reducionismo e a analiticidade. Porém, como nossas/os ancestrais (culturais e epistêmicos) andamos nas encruzas da desobediência epistêmica, nas veredas da pluriversalidade, provincialização  e da razoabilidade das racionalidades, “costurando” saberes dentro de uma estrutura “arqueológica de conhecimento” que é determinada, muita das vezes, por uma ecologia do saber que tem como barômetro um “local epistêmico” hegemônico desde a semântica ao processo de legitimação ontológica,  ao exemplo das “eurofilosofias”; isto é, marginalização das “filosofias e ciências” da alteridade como as afro-pindorâmicas e indo-islâmicas.
VOZES EM DIÁSPORA
Authors: Freire Dantas Luís Thiago
Published: November 2023

Esse ensaio consiste em produzir uma filosofia afro-diaspórica tendo como eixo principal, algumas vozes atuais do ReP brasileiro. O objetivo é apresentar como a escrita filosófica, em sentido amplo, abarca dessemelhantes meios para expressar as inquietações humanas. Uma expressão que dialoga com as filosofias latino-americana, africana, pensamento radical negro e outros conhecimentos. Por isso, o ensaio busca uma sonoridade que ratifica as vozes diaspóricas da população negra como afirmação de um protagonismo contra o colonialismo epistemológico.
Designing a social policy initiative for greater cooperation: social dilemmas, behavioural game theory, motives, altruism and ethics
Authors: Lazarus John
Published: November 2023

Drawing on the experience of editing this special issue, I propose a method for developing the early stages of social policy interventions requiring cooperation, based on two phenomena foundational to approaching this challenge. I recommend that the first stage is methodological – the application of behavioural game theory – and that the second is analysis of a psychological process – the motivations of those involved. A potential third step is use of a toolbox of factors known to encourage cooperation that I discussed in my introductory article for the issue. Three further processes are important for social dilemma policy development: conditional cooperation, trust and feedback. I go on to discuss: the contrasting properties of selfish and altruistic motives for cooperating, particularly in terms of their sensitivity to influence; the long-term prospects for altruistically motivated cooperation; and ethical aspects of tackling societal dilemmas through bottom-up and top-down agents for change. Finally, I consider the current state of the relationship between behavioural science and social policy.
La inteligencia artificial en la prevención de conductas suicidas: aspectos técnicos y consideraciones ético-legales
Authors: Biscaia Fernández José Miguel , Mohedano del Pozo Rosa Belén , Biscaia Fernández Carlos Julio
Published: November 2023

En este artículo reflexionamos sobre la potencialidad terapéutica de los nuevos desarrollos de la Inteligencia Artificial en el ámbito de la salud mental, en particular en la prevención de conductas suicidas. En primer lugar, analizamos los aspectos tecno-científicos más relevantes del Machine Learning en el entorno de las Redes Sociales, las aplicaciones móviles y los chatbots, así como las ventajas e inconvenientes de esta nueva Psiquiatría Computacional. A continuación, consideramos los límites y dificultades en el uso de estas tecnologías desde una perspectiva ética, además del marco legal para que estas aplicaciones preventivas sean garantistas en lo que a eficacia, seguridad, privacidad, transparencia, responsabilidad y equidad se refiere. Si bien las amenazas son considerables, concluimos que con una correcta identificación y gestión de las mismas el alcance terapéutico de estas herramientas se antoja alentador.
Beyond state and market: the role of labor regimes and class dynamics in the East Asian miracle
Authors: Li Zhongjin
Published: November 2023

While conventional wisdom focuses on the roles of the state and the market in achieving high growth in East Asian countries, this paper offers an account focused on class dynamics. First, the paper connects post-World War II class dynamics in Japan and South Korea to the distributional outcome, i.e., the gap between labor productivity growth and real wage growth. Statistical evidence and econometric tests suggest a positive relationship between a balance of power in favor of workers and a higher growth rate in output. Secondly, the paper puts forward a labor regime framework for explaining the connection between the class dynamics and the distributional outcome, and finds it to have played a central role by using historical data and an autoregressive distributed lag (ADL) model. We further analyze China’s economic growth and conclude by stressing the importance of class dynamics for better understanding growth and distribution in capitalist development.
Marie Desplechin: Author–France
Authors: Desplechin Marie
Published: November 2023

Abstract: "I don't imitate a child who speaks, I speak like a child."
Andrey Usachev: Author–Russia
Authors: Usachev Andrey
Published: November 2023

Abstract: "I never dreamed or even thought of becoming a writer. Especially not a children's writer. It just worked out this way."
Dermatology Access and Needs of American Indian and Alaska Native People
Authors: Kohn Lucinda L. , Pascual Micah G. , Schmiege Sarah J. , Novins Douglas K. , Manson Spero M.
Published: November 2023

Abstract: Objectives. To describe skin disease prevalence, access to dermatologic care, and teledermatology interest among American Indians and Alaska Natives. Methods. Data were collected via self-report surveys administered in person at two community powwows in Denver, Colorado in 2021 and 2022. Results. Most American Indian and/or Alaska Native respondents (94.5%, n=225) reported at least one skin disease. The top three active skin diseases among adolescents were acne, scarring, and eczema. The top three among adults were dry skin, hair loss, and acne. Only 20.9% (n=47) of respondents with skin disease had seen a dermatologist. Approximately one-third of respondents (34.0%, n=81) were open to engaging with teledermatology in their home; 43.3% (n=103) were open to engaging with teledermatology in their local clinic; 42.0% (n=100) were not interested in engaging teledermatology from their home or in their local clinic. Conclusions. Skin disease is prevalent and access to dermatologic care is poor among American Indian and Alaska Native people.
A Community Health Center Childhood Obesity Program for Latino Families from an Agricultural Community: Mental Health and Physical Activity Outcomes
Authors: Rosado Javier I. , Johnson Suzanne Bennett , Wang Yuxia , Gerend Mary A.
Published: November 2023

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of an ongoing multidisciplinary childhood obesity intervention, within a federally qualified health center, on mental health and physical activity outcomes with Latino children from an agricultural community. The program was evaluated using attendance and parent-reports of child mental health and physical activity levels. Paired t-tests and chi squared tests were used to examine pre-post change in outcomes. There were 100 total participants. The mean age was 9.40 years, and the mean BMI percentile was 97.39. Significant post-intervention improvements were observed in mental health externalizing and internalizing problems (p <.0001) and in weekly physical activity frequency (p =.0131) and duration (p = .0280). Childhood obesity interventions should target mental health problems as well as obesity as the two are closely related. Community health centers may be ideal settings for interventions as they can facilitate access to needed services for high-risk populations.
Nanoporous antireflection coating for high-temperature applications in the infrared
Authors: Martir Lorna I. Alvarez , Currano Luke J. , Zgrabik Christine M. , Zhang Dajie , Weiblen Robert , Montalbano Timothy , Talisa Noah B. , Purcell Michael J. , Mooers Cavin T. , Thomas Michael E. , Young David W. , Khurgin Jacob
Published: November 2023

Antireflection (AR) coatings are essential to the performance of optical systems; without them, surface reflections increase significantly at steep angles and become detrimental to the functionality. AR coatings apply to a wide range of applications from solar cells and laser optics to optical windows. Many times, operational conditions include high temperatures and steep angles of incidence (AOIs). The implementation of AR coatings is extremely challenging in these conditions. Nanoporous coatings made from high-temperature-tolerant materials offer a solution to this problem. The careful selection of materials is needed to prevent delamination when exposed to high temperatures, and an optimal optical design is needed to lower surface reflections at both the normal incidence and steep AOIs. This paper presents nanoporous silicon dioxide and hafnium dioxide coatings deposited on a sapphire substrate using oblique angle deposition by electron beam evaporation, a highly accurate deposition technique for thin films. Developed coatings were tested in a controlled temperature environment and demonstrated thermal stability at temperatures up to 800°C. Additional testing at room temperature demonstrated the reduction of power reflections near optimal for AOIs up to 70° for a design wavelength of 1550 nm. These findings are promising to help extend the operation of technology at extreme temperatures and steep angles.
Open-access database for digital lensless holographic microscopy and its application on the improvement of deep-learning-based autofocusing models
Authors: Buitrago-Duque Carlos , Tobón-Maya Heberley , Gómez-Ramírez Alejandra , Zapata-Valencia Samuel I. , Lopera Maria J. , Trujillo Carlos , Garcia-Sucerquia Jorge
Published: November 2023

Among modern optical microscopy techniques, digital lensless holographic microscopy (DLHM) is one of the simplest label-free coherent imaging approaches. However, the hardware simplicity provided by the lensless configuration is often offset by the demanding computational postprocessing required to match the retrieved sample information to the user’s expectations. A promising avenue to simplify this stage is the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning (ML) solutions into the DLHM workflow. The biggest challenge to do so is the preparation of an extensive and high-quality experimental dataset of curated DLHM recordings to train ML models. In this work, a diverse, open-access dataset of DLHM recordings is presented as support for future research, contributing to the data needs of the applied research community. The database comprises 11,760 experimental DLHM holograms of bio and non-bio samples with diversity on the main recording parameters of the DLHM architecture. The database is divided into two datasets of 10 independent imaged samples. The first group, named multi-wavelength dataset, includes 8160 holograms and was recorded using laser diodes emitting at 654 nm, 510 nm, and 405 nm; the second group, named single-wavelength dataset, is composed of 3600 recordings and was acquired using a 633 nm He–Ne laser. All the experimental parameters related to the dataset acquisition, preparation, and calibration are described in this paper. The advantages of this large dataset are validated by re-training an existing autofocusing model for DLHM and as the training set for a simpler architecture that achieves comparable performance, proving its feasibility for improving existing ML-based models and the development of new ones.
Technologies for depth scanning in miniature optical imaging systems [Invited]
Authors: Liu Yuehan , Zhang Haolin , Li Xingde
Published: November 2023

Biomedical optical imaging has found numerous clinical and research
applications. For achieving 3D imaging, depth scanning presents the
most significant challenge, particularly in miniature imaging devices.
This paper reviews the state-of-art technologies for depth scanning in
miniature optical imaging systems, which include two general
approaches: 1) physically shifting part of or the entire imaging
device to allow imaging at different depths and 2) optically changing
the focus of the imaging optics. We mainly focus on the second group
of methods, introducing a wide variety of tunable microlenses,
covering the underlying physics, actuation mechanisms, and imaging
performance. Representative applications in clinical and neuroscience
research are briefly presented. Major challenges and future
perspectives of depth/focus scanning technologies for biomedical
optical imaging are also discussed.
IDP-LM: Prediction of protein intrinsic disorder and disorder functions based on language models
Authors: Pang Yihe , Liu Bin
Published: November 2023

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and regions (IDRs) are a class of functionally important proteins and regions that lack stable three-dimensional structures under the native physiologic conditions. They participate in critical biological processes and thus are associated with the pathogenesis of many severe human diseases. Identifying the IDPs/IDRs and their functions will be helpful for a comprehensive understanding of protein structures and functions, and inform studies of rational drug design. Over the past decades, the exponential growth in the number of proteins with sequence information has deepened the gap between uncharacterized and annotated disordered sequences. Protein language models have recently demonstrated their powerful abilities to capture complex structural and functional information from the enormous quantity of unlabelled protein sequences, providing opportunities to apply protein language models to uncover the intrinsic disorders and their biological properties from the amino acid sequences. In this study, we proposed a computational predictor called IDP-LM for predicting intrinsic disorder and disorder functions by leveraging the pre-trained protein language models. IDP-LM takes the embeddings extracted from three pre-trained protein language models as the exclusive inputs, including ProtBERT, ProtT5 and a disorder specific language model (IDP-BERT). The ablation analysis shown that the IDP-BERT provided fine-grained feature representations of disorder, and the combination of three language models is the key to the performance improvement of IDP-LM. The evaluation results on independent test datasets demonstrated that the IDP-LM provided high-quality prediction results for intrinsic disorder and four common disordered functions.
A multiscale model of the role of microenvironmental factors in cell segregation and heterogeneity in breast cancer development
Authors: Romero-Arias J. Roberto , González-Castro Carlos A. , Ramírez-Santiago Guillermo
Published: November 2023

We analyzed a quantitative multiscale model that describes the epigenetic dynamics during the growth and evolution of an avascular tumor. A gene regulatory network (GRN) formed by a set of ten genes that are believed to play an important role in breast cancer development was kinetically coupled to the microenvironmental agents: glucose, estrogens, and oxygen. The dynamics of spontaneous mutations was described by a Yule-Furry master equation whose solution represents the probability that a given cell in the tissue undergoes a certain number of mutations at a given time. We assumed that the mutation rate is modified by a spatial gradient of nutrients. The tumor mass was simulated by means of cellular automata supplemented with a set of reaction diffusion equations that described the transport of microenvironmental agents. By analyzing the epigenetic state space described by the GRN dynamics, we found three attractors that were identified with cellular epigenetic states: normal, precancer and cancer. For two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) tumors we calculated the spatial distribution of the following quantities: (i) number of mutations, (ii) mutation of each gene and, (iii) phenotypes. Using estrogen as the principal microenvironmental agent that regulates cell proliferation process, we obtained tumor shapes for different values of estrogen consumption and supply rates. It was found that he majority of mutations occurred in cells that were located close to the 2D tumor perimeter or close to the 3D tumor surface. Also, it was found that the occurrence of different phenotypes in the tumor are controlled by estrogen concentration levels since they can change the individual cell threshold and gene expression levels. All results were consistently observed for 2D and 3D tumors.
Sound-encoded faces activate the left fusiform face area in the early blind
Authors: Plaza Paula L. , Renier Laurent , Rosemann Stephanie , De Volder Anne G. , Rauschecker Josef P.
Published: November 2023

Face perception in humans and nonhuman primates is accomplished by a patchwork of specialized cortical regions. How these regions develop has remained controversial. In sighted individuals, facial information is primarily conveyed via the visual modality. Early blind individuals, on the other hand, can recognize shapes using auditory and tactile cues. Here we demonstrate that such individuals can learn to distinguish faces from houses and other shapes by using a sensory substitution device (SSD) presenting schematic faces as sound-encoded stimuli in the auditory modality. Using functional MRI, we then asked whether a face-selective brain region like the fusiform face area (FFA) shows selectivity for faces in the same subjects, and indeed, we found evidence for preferential activation of the left FFA by sound-encoded faces. These results imply that FFA development does not depend on experience with visual faces per se but may instead depend on exposure to the geometry of facial configurations.
The center cannot hold: A Bayesian chronology for the collapse of Tiwanaku
Authors: Marsh Erik J. , Vranich Alexei , Blom Deborah , Bruno Maria , Davis Katharine , Augustine Jonah , Couture Nicole C. , Ancapichún Santiago , Knudson Kelly J. , Popović Danijela , Cunietti Gianni
Published: November 2023

The timing of Tiwanaku’s collapse remains contested. Here we present a generational-scale chronology of Tiwanaku using Bayesian models of 102 radiocarbon dates, including 45 unpublished dates. This chronology tracks four community practices: residing short- vs. long-term, constructing monuments, discarding decorated ceramics, and leaving human burials. Tiwanaku was founded around ~AD 180 and around ~AD 600, it became the region’s principal destination for migrants. It grew into one of the Andes’ first cities and became famous for its decorated ceramics, carved monoliths, and large monuments. Our Bayesian models show that monument building ended ~AD 720 (the median of the ending boundary). Around ~AD 910, burials in tombs ceased as violent deaths began, which we document for the first time in this paper. Ritualized murders are limited to the century leading up to ~AD 1020. Our clearest proxy for social networks breaking down is a precise estimate for the end of permanent residence, ~AD 1010 (970–1050, 95%). This major inflection point was followed by visitors who used the same ceramics until ~AD 1040. Temporary camps lasted until roughly ~AD 1050. These four events suggest a rapid, city-wide collapse at ~AD 1010–1050, lasting just ~20 years (0–70 years, 95%). These results suggest a cascading breakdown of community practices and social networks that were physically anchored at Tiwanaku, though visitors continued to leave informal burials for centuries. This generation-scale chronology suggests that collapse 1) took place well before reduced precipitation, hence this was not a drought-induced societal change and 2) a few resilient communities sustained some traditions at other sites, hence the chronology for the site of Tiwanaku cannot be transposed to all sites with similar material culture.
Salivary concentrations of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor and matrix metallopeptidase-9 following a single bout of exercise are associated with intensity and hydration status
Authors: Knipping Karen , Kartaram Shirley W. , Teunis Marc , Zuithoff Nicolaas P. A. , Buurman Nicole , M’Rabet Laura , van Norren Klaske , Witkamp Renger , Pieters Raymond , Garssen Johan
Published: November 2023

Aim

To investigate the effects of exercise on salivary concentrations of inflammatory markers by analyzing a panel of 25 inflammatory markers in subjects who had participated in bicycle ergometer tests varying in workload and hydration status.

Methods

Fifteen healthy young men (20–35 years) had performed 4 different exercise protocols of 1 hour duration in a randomly assigned cross-over design, preceded by a rest protocol. Individual workloads depended on participant’s pre-assessed individual maximum workload (Wmax): rest (protocol 1), 70% Wmax in hydrated (protocol 2) and dehydrated (protocol 3) state, 50% Wmax (protocol 4) and intermittent 85%/55% Wmax in 2 min blocks (protocol 5). Saliva samples were collected before (T0) and immediately after exercise (T1), and at several time points after exercise (2 hours (T3), 3 hours (T4), 6 hours (T5) and 24 hours (T6)). Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI), Matrix Metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) and lactoferrin was analyzed using a commercial ELISA kit, a panel of 22 cytokines and chemokines were analyzed using a commercial multiplex immunoassay. Data was analyzed using a multilevel mixed linear model, with multiple test correction.

Results

Among a panel of 25 inflammatory markers, SLPI concentrations were significantly elevated immediately after exercise in all protocols compared to rest and higher concentrations reflected the intensity of exercise and hydration status. MMP-9 showed a significant increase in the 70% Wmax dehydrated, 50% Wmax and intermittent protocols.

Conclusions

Salivary concentrations of SLPI and MMP-9 seem associated with exercise intensity and hydration status and may offer non-invasive biomarkers to study (local) inflammatory responses to different exercise intensities in human studies.
Quantifying the ecological carrying capacity of grasslands in Inner Mongolia
Authors: Guo Caiyun , Song Shuyu , Zhao Dongsheng , Luo Shilin , Yang Lingchun , Xie Gege
Published: November 2023

Quantifying the ecological carrying capacity has emerged as a crucial factor for maintaining ecosystem stability for sustainable development in vulnerable eco-regions. Here, we propose a new framework for ecological carrying capacity quantification suitable for vulnerable eco-regions. We applied this framework to calculate the ecological carrying capacity of Inner Mongolia from 1987–2015 and used a geographical detector to identify the driving factors behind spatial heterogeneity. Our results revealed the following. (1) The above-ground net primary production (ANPP) required to support the ecosystem service of soil conservation (ANPPSC) decreased from northeast to southwest, whereas the distribution pattern of ANPP required to support the ecosystem service of sand fixation (ANPPSF) exhibited a contrary trend. The average annual ANPP required to support the ecosystem service of natural regeneration (ANPPNR) in Inner Mongolia from 1987 to 2015 was 101.27 gCm-2year-1, revealing a similar spatial distribution with ANPP. (2) The total ecological carrying capacity of Inner Mongolian grassland was 78.52 million sheep unit hm-2. The regions with insufficient provisioning service capability accounted for 4.18% of the total area, primarily concentrated in the east and northwest. (3) The average optimal livestock number for grasslands in Inner Mongolia was 1.59 sheep unit hm-2 from 1987–2015, ranging from 0.77 to 1.69 sheep unit hm-2 across different zones. The average ecological carrying capacity of the cold temperate humid, medium-temperate arid, and warm temperate semi-humid regions was less than 1.08 sheep unit m-2, suggesting a need to prohibit grazing in these areas. (4) The primary influencing factors affecting ecological carrying capacity distribution were normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), precipitation, and soil type. The framework developed herein can help identify sustainable development potential from the ecosystem service perspective and effectively contribute to decision-making in grassland ecosystem management.
Effects of multidomain environmental and mental health factors on the development of empathetic behaviors and emotions in adolescence
Authors: Smith Calli , Stamoulis Catherine
Published: November 2023

Empathy is at the core of our social world, yet multidomain factors that affect its development in socially sensitive periods, such as adolescence, are incompletely understood. To address this gap, this study investigated associations between social, environmental and mental health factors, and their temporal changes, on adolescent empathetic behaviors/emotions and, for comparison, callous unemotional (CU) traits and behaviors, in the early longitudinal Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development sample (baseline: n = 11062; 2-year follow-up: n = 9832, median age = 119 and 144 months, respectively). Caregiver affection towards the youth, liking school, having a close friend, and importance of religious beliefs/spirituality in the youth’s life were consistently positively correlated with empathetic behaviors/emotions across assessments (p<0.001, Cohen’s f = ~0.10). Positive family dynamics and cohesion, living in a neighborhood that shared the family’s values, but also parent history of substance use and (aggregated) internalizing problems were additionally positively associated with one or more empathetic behaviors at follow-up (p<0.001, f = ~0.10). In contrast, externalizing problems, anxiety, depression, fear of social situations, and being withdrawn were negatively associated with empathetic behaviors and positively associated with CU traits and behaviors (p<0.001, f = ~0.1–0.44). The latter were also correlated with being cyberbullied and/or discriminated against, anhedonia, and impulsivity, and their interactions with externalizing and internalizing issues. Significant positive temporal correlations of behaviors at the two assessments indicated positive (early) developmental empathetic behavior trajectories, and negative CU traits’ trajectories. Negative changes in mental health adversely moderated positive trajectories and facilitated negative ones. These findings highlight that adolescent empathetic behaviors/emotions are positively related to multidomain protective social environmental factors, but simultaneously adversely associated with risk factors in the same domains, as well as bully victimization, discrimination, and mental health problems. Risk factors instead facilitate the development of CU traits and behaviors.
Impact of cognitive decline on medical outcomes and nursing workload: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Iwaanakuchi Takashi , Yoshida Takuma , Fukuda Yukari , Uto Yumiko
Published: November 2023

Few reports have quantitatively investigated the effect of dementia on medical outcomes and nurse workload. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether cognitive decline can be identified from a nurse assessment and determined its effect on medical outcomes and nurse workload. This retrospective cohort study used electronic medical record data to investigate whether patients judged by nurses to have cognitive decline were as affected as those with a dementia diagnosis. Further, a model formula was created and validated to predict the probability of needing physical restraint, the nursing care workload, and the record volume. The subjects were 43,330 patients aged ≥40 years who were hospitalized at the study hospital during the four-year study period. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test, Welch’s t-test, logistic regression analysis and linear regression analysis. The implementation of physical restraint and a discharge support conference was significantly higher in patients deemed by nurses to have cognitive decline. Nurse-deemed patients with cognitive decline were affected by the outcome and workload as much as those with dementia. The false discovery rate for the Probability model formula of physical restraint and discharge support conference were 0.198 and 0.266. The correlation coefficient of the model formula for predicting nursing care and recording volume was 0.5–0.6. Combining nurse assessment and patient attribute information in a model was useful for predicting nurse workload. These findings may serve as a foundational component for the Clinical Decision Support System, aiding in the evaluation of intervention methods from the early stages of hospital admission and improving care delivery.
Cardiometabolic risk factors in South American children: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Singleton Carolyn M. H. , Brar Sumeer , Robertson Nicole , DiTommaso Lauren , Fuchs George J. , Schadler Aric , Radulescu Aurelia , Attia Suzanna L.
Published: November 2023

Background

Cardiometabolic risk factors (impaired fasting glucose, abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia) cluster in children, may predict adult disease burden, and are inadequately characterized in South American children.

Objectives

To quantify the burden of cardiometabolic risk factors in South American children (0–21 years) and identify knowledge gaps.

Methods

We systematically searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature via Virtual Health Library from 2000–2021 in any language. Two independent reviewers screened and extracted all data.

Results

179 studies of 2,181 screened were included representing 10 countries (n = 2,975,261). 12.2% of South American children experienced obesity, 21.9% elevated waist circumference, 3.0% elevated fasting glucose, 18.1% high triglycerides, 29.6% low HDL cholesterol, and 8.6% high blood pressure. Cardiometabolic risk factor definitions varied widely. Chile exhibited the highest prevalence of obesity/overweight, low HDL, and impaired fasting glucose. Ecuador exhibited the highest prevalence of elevated blood pressure. Rural setting (vs. urban or mixed) and indigenous origin protected against most cardiometabolic risk factors.

Conclusions

South American children experience high rates of obesity, overweight, and dyslipidemia. International consensus on cardiometabolic risk factor definitions for children will lead to improved diagnosis of cardiometabolic risk factors in this population, and future research should ensure inclusion of unreported countries and increased representation of indigenous populations.
Sustained pharyngeal inflation in infant airway—Flexible bronchoscopy measurements
Authors: Soong Christina , Lee Yu-Sheng , Lin Chien-Heng , Chen Chieh-Ho , Soong Wen-Jue
Published: November 2023

Sustained pharyngeal inflation (SPI) with pharyngeal oxygen flow and nasal closure (PhO2-NC) technique create positive inflation pressure in the airway. This study measured the peak inflation pressure (PIP) levels and image changes with SPI-assisted flexible bronchoscopy (SPI-FB) and compared the effects in the pharyngeal space and mid-tracheal lumen. This prospective study enrolled 20 participants aged 6 months to 3 years. Each participant underwent sequential SPI-FB of four different durations (0, 1s, 3s, and 5s) for three cycles. We used a 3.8 mm OD flexible bronchoscope to measure and analyze PIP levels, images, and lumen dimension scores. A total of 480 data were collected. The mean (SD) age and body weight were 12.0 (11.5) months and 7.8 (7.5) kg, respectively. The mean (IQR) PIPs were 4.2 (2.0), 18.5 (6.1), 30.6 (13.5), and 46.1 (25.0) cmH2O in the pharynx and 5.0 (1.6), 17.5 (6.5), 28.0 (12.3), 46.0 (28.5) cmH2O in the mid-trachea at SPI durations of 0, 1s, 3s, and 5s, respectively. The PIP levels had a positive correlation (p <0.001) with different SPI durations in both pharynx and trachea, and were nearly identical (p = 0.695, 0.787, and 0.725 at 1s, 3s, and 5s, respectively) at the same duration except the 0 s (p = 0.015). Lumen dimension scores also significantly increased with increasing SPI durations (p <0.05) in both locations. The identified lesions significantly increased as PIP levels increased (p <0.001). Conclusion: SPI-FB using PhO2-NC with durations up to 3s is safe and informative technique that provides controllable PIP, dilates airway lumens, and benefits lesion detection in the pharyngeal space and mid-tracheal lumen.
Fine-needle percutaneous muscle microbiopsy technique as a feasible tool to address histological analysis in young children with cerebral palsy and age-matched typically developing children
Authors: Deschrevel Jorieke , Maes Karen , Andries Anke , Beukelaer Nathalie De , Corvelyn Marlies , Costamagna Domiziana , Campenhout Anja Van , Wachter Eva De , Desloovere Kaat , Agten Anouk , Vandenabeele Frank , Nijs Stefaan , Gayan-Ramirez Ghislaine
Published: November 2023

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a heterogeneous group of motor disorders attributed to a non-progressive lesion in the developing brain. Knowledge on skeletal muscle properties is important to understand the impact of CP and treatment but data at the microscopic levels are limited and inconsistent. Currently, muscle biopsies are collected during surgery and are restricted to CP eligible for such treatment or they may refer to another muscle or older children in typically developing (TD) biopsies. A minimally invasive technique to collect (repeated) muscle biopsies in young CP and TD children is needed to provide insights into the early muscle microscopic alterations and their evolution in CP. This paper describes the protocol used to 1) collect microbiopsies of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) and semitendinosus (ST) in CP children and age-matched TD children, 2) handle the biopsies for histology, 3) stain the biopsies to address muscle structure (Hematoxylin & Eosin), fiber size and proportion (myosin heavy chain), counting of the satellite cells (Pax7) and capillaries (CD31). Technique feasibility and safety as well as staining feasibility and measure accuracy were evaluated. Two microbiopsies per muscle were collected in 56 CP (5.8±1.1 yr) and 32 TD (6±1.1 yr) children using ultrasound-guided percutaneous microbiopsy technique. The biopsy procedure was safe (absence of complications) and well tolerated (Score pain using Wong-Baker faces). Cross-sectionally orientated fibers were found in 86% (CP) and 92% (TD) of the biopsies with 60% (CP) and 85% (TD) containing more than 150 fibers. Fiber staining was successful in all MG biopsies but failed in 30% (CP) and 16% (TD) of the ST biopsies. Satellite cell staining was successful in 89% (CP) and 85% (TD) for MG and in 70% (CP) and 90% (TD) for ST biopsies, while capillary staining was successful in 88% (CP) and 100% (TD) of the MG and in 86% (CP) and 90% (TD) for the ST biopsies. Intraclass coefficient correlation showed reliable and reproducible measures of all outcomes. This study shows that the percutaneous microbiopsy technique is a safe and feasible tool to collect (repeated) muscle biopsies in young CP and TD children for histological analysis and it provides sufficient muscle tissue of good quality for reliable quantification.
Study on a performance matching method of wind rotor and generator based on energy transfer
Authors: Ma Minghui , Song Lei , Jia Yabin , Yang Zongxiao
Published: November 2023

Wind power systems are a promising form of energy supply. At present, most of the studies focuses on the performance of individual components such as wind rotors or generators, and the overall output effect of wind power system is determined by the characteristics of wind rotor and generator and their combined characteristics. However, the evaluation of the overall output characteristics of the system is rarely considered. In order to investigate the overall output of the system quickly, a performance matching method of wind rotor and generator based on energy transfer is proposed in this paper. Based on the series operating characteristics of the wind power system model, the energy transformation process of the wind rotor, generator and the whole system are unified described by energy transfer. On the premise that the performance of wind rotor and generator is known, the transfer function model of each component is established, and on this basis, the transfer function model of the overall system is obtained. Then, the overall output effect of the system is analyzed and evaluated by this system transfer function model. The performance of the model is analyzed and compared by using a vertical axis wind power system coupling test bench and MATLAB/Simulink software. The results show that the error between the system output based on the theoretical model and the wind tunnel test is less than 6.5%, and the trend of the simulation and the test curve of the system output is consistent. Therefore, this method can be used to quickly predict the overall output performance of the wind turbine and generator on the premise that the performance of each component is known, without the need to connect each component to a wind power system for testing.
Family caregivers’ emotional and communication needs in Canadian pediatric emergency departments
Authors: Ali Samina , Maki Claudia , Rahimi Asa , Ma Keon , Yaskina Maryna , Wong Helen , Stang Antonia , Principi Tania , Poonai Naveen , Gouin Serge , Froese R. N. Sylvia , Clerc Paul , Carciumaru Redjana , Alqurashi Waleed , Rajagopal Manasi , Kammerer Elise , Leung Julie , Wright Bruce , Scott Shannon D. ,   on behalf of the Pediatric Emergency Research Canada Family Needs Study Group
Published: November 2023

Objectives

To describe the extent to which caregivers’ emotional and communication needs were met during pediatric emergency department (PED) visits. Secondary objectives included describing the association of caregiver emotional needs, satisfaction with care, and comfort in caring for their child’s illness at the time of discharge with demographic characteristics, caregiver experiences, and ED visit details.

Study design

Electronic surveys with medical record review were deployed at ten Canadian PEDs from October 2018 –March 2020. A convenience sample of families with children <18 years presenting to a PED were enrolled, for one week every three months, for one year per site. Caregivers completed one in-PED survey and a follow-up survey, up to seven days post-visit.

Results

This study recruited 2005 caregivers who self-identified as mothers (74.3%, 1462/1969); mean age was 37.8 years (SD 7.7). 71.7% (1081/1507) of caregivers felt their emotional needs were met. 86.4% (1293/1496) identified communication with the doctor as good/very good and 83.4% (1249/1498) with their child’s nurse. Caregiver involvement in their child’s care was reported as good/very good 85.6% (1271/1485) of the time. 81.8% (1074/1313) of caregivers felt comfortable in caring for their child at home at the time of discharge. Lower caregiver anxiety scores, caregiver involvement in their child’s care, satisfactory updates, and having questions adequately addressed positively impacted caregiver emotional needs and increased caregiver comfort in caring for their child’s illness at home.

Conclusion

Approximately 30% of caregivers presenting to PEDs have unmet emotional needs, over 15% had unmet communication needs, and 15% felt inadequately involved in their child’s care. Family caregiver involvement in care and good communication from PED staff are key elements in improving overall patient experience and satisfaction.
Assessment of four in vitro phenotypic biofilm detection methods in relation to antimicrobial resistance in aerobic clinical bacterial isolates
Authors: Basnet Ajaya , Tamang Basanta , Shrestha Mahendra Raj , Shrestha Lok Bahadur , Rai Junu Richhinbung , Maharjan Rajendra , Dahal Sushila , Shrestha Pradip , Rai Shiba Kumar
Published: November 2023

Introduction

The lack of standardized methods for detecting biofilms continues to pose a challenge to microbiological diagnostics since biofilm-mediated infections induce persistent and recurrent infections in humans that often defy treatment with common antibiotics. This study aimed to evaluate diagnostic parameters of four in vitro phenotypic biofilm detection assays in relation to antimicrobial resistance in aerobic clinical bacterial isolates.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, bacterial strains from clinical samples were isolated and identified following the standard microbiological guidelines. The antibiotic resistance profile was assessed through the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Biofilm formation was detected by gold standard tissue culture plate method (TCPM), tube method (TM), Congo red agar (CRA), and modified Congo red agar (MCRA). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 17.0, with a significant association considered at p<0.05.

Result

Among the total isolates (n = 226), TCPM detected 140 (61.95%) biofilm producers, with CoNS (9/9) (p<0.001) as the predominant biofilm former. When compared to TCPM, TM (n = 119) (p<0.001) showed 90.8% sensitivity and 70.1% specificity, CRA (n = 88) (p = 0.123) showed 68.2% sensitivity and 42% specificity, and MCRA (n = 86) (p = 0.442) showed 65.1% sensitivity and 40% specificity. Juxtaposed to CRA, colonies formed on MCRA developed more intense black pigmentation from 24 to 96 hours. There were 77 multi-drug-resistant (MDR)-biofilm formers and 39 extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-biofilm formers, with 100% resistance to ampicillin and ceftazidime, respectively.

Conclusion

It is suggested that TM be used for biofilm detection, after TCPM. Unlike MCRA, black pigmentation in colonies formed on CRA declined with time. MDR- and XDR-biofilm formers were frequent among the clinical isolates.
Quality of measuring devices enclosed with paediatric oral liquid dosage forms of medicines registered in Sri Lanka
Authors: Nadeshkumar Abarna , Sathiadas Gitanjali , Sri Ranganathan Shalini
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Oral liquid dosage forms remain popular in several middle income countries. The accuracy of liquid dosage form dosing depends on the accuracy and availability of measuring devices. Lack of quality oral liquid measuring devices will lead to medication errors. Hence there is an urgent need to describe the quality of manufacturer supplied measuring devices enclosed with paediatric oral liquid dosage forms currently registered in Sri Lanka.

Methodology

Standards for measuring devices were developed after a detailed literature search. Multidisciplinary panel rated each standard for the necessity criteria on a 9 point Likert scale. Standards with overall panel median score of ≥ 7 with agreement were selected. A cross-sectional study was done. All the measuring devices, labels and instructions enclosed with the registered products were assessed against the standards developed. Three volumes of liquid antibacterials were measured using the enclosed measuring device. Accuracy of the volumes was measured.

Results

Of the total products (n = 202) only 126 were packed with a dosing device. Around quarter of the oral liquid dosage forms (n = 36) did not have a measuring device. More than half of the measuring devices aligned with all the standards developed. Out of 44 oral liquid paediatric antimicrobials measuring cups (n = 25, 56.8%, 95% CI: 41%-72%) were enclosed more and less error was seen with measuring cups.

Conclusion

The quality of oral liquid measuring devices were not satisfactory. Quality could be further improved if the regulatory body request the manufactures/importers to adhere to the standards developed. Correct volumes were not measured using the measuring devices provided with the liquid antimicrobial agents
Firearm injuries in Missouri
Authors: Rivara Frederick P. , Hink Ashley B. , Kuhls Deborah , Banks Samantha , Agoubi Lauren L. , Kirkendoll Shelbie , Winchester Alex , Hoeft Christopher , Patel Bhavin , Nathens Avery
Published: November 2023

Firearm deaths continue to be a major public health problem, but the number of non-fatal firearm injuries and the characteristics of patients and injuries is not well known. The American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma, with support from the National Collaborative on Gun Violence Research, leveraged an existing data system to capture lethal and non-lethal injuries, including patients treated and discharged from the emergency department and collect additional data on firearm injuries that present to trauma centers. In 2020, Missouri had the 4th highest firearm mortality rate in the country at 23.75/100,000 population compared to 13.58/100,000 for the US overall. We examined the characteristics of patients from Missouri with firearm injuries in this cross-sectional study. Of the overall 17,395 patients, 1,336 (7.7%) were treated at one of the 11 participating trauma centers in Missouri during the 12-month study period. Patients were mostly male and much more likely to be Black and uninsured than residents in the state as a whole. Nearly three-fourths of the injuries were due to assaults, and overall 7.7% died. Few patients received post-discharge services.
Novas inscrições da muralha de Conimbriga (prov. Lusitania, Portugal)
Authors: Ruivo José , Correia Virgílio Hipólito , Roquinho Pedro
Published: November 2023

Apresenta-se um conjunto de achados, epigráficos e outros, recuperados da muralha baixo-imperial de Conimbriga no âmbito de uma operação de conservação e restauro que decorreu em 2020 e 2021.
São especialmente notáveis os dois exemplos de epígrafes funerárias, bem como um fragmento de inscrição monumental, provavelmente mencionando Nero.
Estes achados são discutidos no contexto da reutilização de materiais provenientes da necrópole da cidade como material de construção na defesa tardoantiga.