bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of reported risk factors for disease classification and prognosis in COVID-19: a descriptive and retrospective study
Authors: Tan Li , Kang Xia , Ji Xinran , Wang Qi , Li Yongsheng , Wang Qiongshu , Miao Hongming
Published: April 2020

Risk indicators viral load (ORF1ab Ct), lymphocyte percentage (LYM%), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), procalcitonin (PCT) and lactic acid (LA) in COVID-19 patients have been proposed in recent studies. However, the predictive effects of those indicators on disease classification and prognosis remains largely unknown. We dynamically measured those reported indicators in 132 cases of COVID-19 patients including the moderate-cured (moderated and cured), severe-cured (severe and cured) and critically ill (died). Our data showed that CRP, PCT, IL-6, LYM%, lactic acid and viral load could predict prognosis and guide classification of COVID-19 patients in different degrees. CRP, IL-6 and LYM% were more effective than other three factors in predicting prognosis. For disease classification, CRP and LYM% were sensitive in identifying the types between critically ill and severe (or moderate). Notably, among the investigated factors, LYM% was the only one that could distinguish between the severe and moderate types. Collectively, we concluded that LYM% was the most sensitive and reliable predictor for disease typing and prognosis. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the precise classification and prognosis prediction are critical for saving the insufficient medical resources, stratified treatment and improving the survival rate of critically ill patients. We recommend that LYM% be used independently or in combination with other indicators in the management of COVID-19.
Six‐minute walk distance equation in children and adolescents with obesity
Authors: Makni Emna , Elloumi Anis , Ben Brahim Mehdi , Moalla Wassim , Tabka Zouhair , Chamari Karim , Elloumi Mohamed
Published: April 2020

Aim

To develop a 6‐minute walk‐distance (6MWD) reference equation for children and adolescents with obesity, and to assess its determinant factors.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study using mixed linear and multiple regression models was conducted in 497 children (235 girls and 262 boys) aged 6‐18 years with a body mass index (BMI) greater than 97th percentile. Anthropometrics and a 6‐minute walk test (6MWT) were performed.

Results

Mean 6MWD was 547 ± 86 m for girls and 575 ± 96 m for boys, which averaged ~80% of a reference normal‐weight population matched for age and ethnicity. Age, weight and BMI were positively correlated with 6MWD whereas waist and hip circumferences (WC and HC, respectively) were negatively correlated with 6MWD for both genders. The combination of age, height, BMI and HC explained 69% of the 6MWD variability in the equation for the whole population. Moreover, the combination of age, height, HC as well as the combination of age, height, BMI and WC explained 67% and 75% of the variability in the girls’ and boys’ equations, respectively.

Conclusion

This 6MWD reference equation, which was influenced by abdominal obesity markers in a gender‐specific way, extends and enhances scientific knowledge and provides useful predictive tools for the care of obese children.
Midwives’ and obstetricians’ level of knowledge of appropriate gestational weight gain recommendations for pregnancy: A systematic review
Authors: Callaghan Shauna , O’Brien Eileen , Coughlan Barbara , McAuliffe Fionnuala M.
Published: April 2020

Background

Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) is a modifiable risk factor associated with maternal and infant health, and pregnancy outcomes. However, several factors influence the provision of health promotion advice including professional knowledge. This review aims to summarize published evidence relating to midwives’ and obstetricians’ knowledge of GWG guidelines.

Methods

Electronic database searches were carried out using EMBASE, CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Database. English‐language studies and quantitative results were included. Identified studies were screened by two authors independently. Disagreements were discussed with a third reviewer. A review protocol was submitted for registration with PROSPERO in May 2019.

Results

From 10 960 records identified in preliminary searches, 12 studies reporting on 2652 midwives and obstetricians collectively were included. All studies were conducted in high‐income countries. Synthesis of data was difficult as guidelines and methods for assessing knowledge varied. Midwives were mainly reported as the leading participant, with limited data available on obstetrician knowledge. Both groups demonstrated insufficient knowledge of GWG guidelines. Self‐reported knowledge was significantly higher than those assessed by direct knowledge.

Conclusions

This review highlights a substantial gap in health care professionals’ knowledge of GWG guideline content which needs to be addressed. Differences between professionals’ direct knowledge and self‐reported knowledge are important for clinical practice as it may inhibit the provision of evidence‐based advice. It is important to accurately assess knowledge in this area to develop further training for midwives and obstetricians to improve health promotion during pregnancy.
ESCRT‐dependent protein sorting is required for the viability of yeast clathrin‐mediated endocytosis mutants
Authors: Hoban Kyle , Lux Samantha Y. , Poprawski Joanna , Zhang Yorke , Shepherdson James , Castiñeira Pedro G. , Pesari Sanjana , Yao Tony , Prosser Derek C. , Norris Carolyn , Wendland Beverly
Published: April 2020

Endocytosis regulates many processes, including signaling pathways, nutrient uptake, and protein turnover. During clathrin‐mediated endocytosis (CME), adaptors bind to cytoplasmic regions of transmembrane cargo proteins, and many endocytic adaptors are also directly involved in the recruitment of clathrin. This clathrin‐associated sorting protein family includes the yeast epsins, Ent1/2, and AP180/PICALM homologs, Yap1801/2. Mutant strains lacking these four adaptors, but expressing an epsin N‐terminal homology (ENTH) domain necessary for viability (4Δ+ENTH), exhibit endocytic defects, such as cargo accumulation at the plasma membrane (PM). This CME‐deficient strain provides a sensitized background ideal for revealing cellular components that interact with clathrin adaptors. We performed a mutagenic screen to identify alleles that are lethal in 4Δ+ENTH cells using a colony‐sectoring reporter assay. After isolating candidate synthetic lethal genes by complementation, we confirmed that mutations in VPS4 led to inviability of a 4Δ+ENTH strain. Vps4 mediates the final step of endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)‐dependent trafficking, and we found that multiple ESCRTs are also essential in 4Δ+ENTH cells, including Snf7, Snf8 and Vps36. Deletion of VPS4 from an end3Δ strain, another CME mutant, similarly resulted in inviability, and upregulation of a clathrin‐independent endocytosis pathway rescued 4Δ+ENTH vps4Δ cells. Loss of Vps4 from an otherwise wild‐type background caused multiple cargoes to accumulate at the PM because of an increase in Rcy1‐dependent recycling of internalized protein to the cell surface. Additionally, vps4Δ rcy1Δ mutants exhibited deleterious growth phenotypes. Together, our findings reveal previously unappreciated effects of disrupted ESCRT‐dependent trafficking on endocytic recycling and the PM.
Study on Description of Plant Status at Fukushima Accident by Emergency Action Level
Authors: Nagashima Kazufumi , Yasuda Nakahiro
Published: April 2020

This paper aims at verifying the current Japanese Emergency Response Guideline, especially the “notification” (reporting) scheme of emergency action level (EAL), through the analysis of the progress of Fukushima nuclear accident. We compared timing and emergency classification between two datasets of the plant statuses which expressed by the old prediction-based notification and the latest EAL-based notification, in order to assess the current EAL scheme along the effectiveness of protective action for the local residents. We observed that the plant statuses expressed by the current EAL-based notification gave more engineering insights in the earliest accident phase to identify the accident scenario. However, potential improvement area of the guideline was also observed in the following severe accident management (SAM) phase after the trigger of first precautionary action, where we are required to reduce uncertainties in both processes of the operator's notification and the government's decision making by evaluating the progression speed of the severe accident.
Insights on Population Structure and Within-Host Genetic Changes among Meningococcal Carriage Isolates from U.S. Universities
Authors: Joseph Sandeep J. , Topaz Nadav , Chang How-Yi , Whaley Melissa J. , Vuong Jeni T. , Chen Alexander , Hu Fang , Schmink Susanna E. , Jenkins Laurel T. , Rodriguez-Rivera Lorraine D. , Thomas Jennifer D. , Acosta Anna M. , McNamara Lucy , Soeters Heidi M. , Mbaeyi Sarah , Wang Xin
Published: April 2020

U.S. university students are at a higher risk of invasive meningococcal disease than the general population. The responsible pathogen,
Neisseria meningitidis
, can be carried asymptomatically in the oropharynx; the dynamics of meningococcal carriage and the genetic features that distinguish carriage versus disease states are not completely understood. Through our analyses, we aimed to provide data to address these topics. We whole-genome sequenced 1,514 meningococcal carriage isolates from individuals at three U.S. universities, two of which underwent mass vaccination campaigns following recent meningococcal outbreaks. We describe the within-host genetic changes among individuals carrying a strain with the same molecular type over time, the primary strains being carried in this population, and the genetic differences between closely related outbreak and carriage strains. Our results provide detailed information on the dynamics of meningococcal carriage and the genetic differences in carriage and outbreak strains, which can inform future efforts to reduce the incidence of invasive meningococcal disease.
Orchestrating dynamic analyses of distributed processes for full-stack JavaScript programs
Authors: Christophe Laurent , De Roover Coen , Boix Elisa Gonzalez , De Meuter Wolfgang
Published: April 2020

Dynamic analyses are commonly implemented by instrumenting the program under analysis. Examples of such analyses for JavaScript range from checkers of user- defined invariants to concolic testers. For a full-stack JavaScript program, these analyses would benefit from reasoning about the state of the client-side and server-side processes it is comprised of. Lifting a dynamic analysis so that it supports full-stack programs can be challenging. It involves distributed communication to maintain the analysis state across all processes, which has to be deadlock-free. In this paper, we advocate maintaining distributed analysis state in a centralized analysis process instead — which is communicated with from the processes under analysis. The approach is supported by a dynamic analysis platform that provides abstractions for this communication. We evaluate the approach through a case study. We use the platform to build a distributed origin analysis, capable of tracking the expressions from which values originate from across process boundaries, and deploy it on collaborative drawing application. The results show that our approach greatly simplifies the lifting process at the cost of a computational overhead. We deem this overhead acceptable for analyses intended for use at development time.
Pulmonary Malakoplakia by Rhodococcus equi in an HIV-Infected Patient in Mexico: A Case Report
Authors: Ahumada Victor H. , Ortiz-Monasterio Ivan , Hernandez Jose L. , Peralta Amy B.
Published: April 2020

Background. Rhodococcus equi-related pulmonary malakoplakia is a rare condition with few reported cases; hereby, we present a case associated with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and thus far to our knowledge, the first report in Mexico. It is estimated that approximately 10% of the infections occur in immunocompetent patients, whereas the rest are immune deficient, targeting virtually any organ. Histologically, malakoplakia is characterized by the buildup of infiltrated inflammatory tissue as a consequence of the gathering of histiocytes embedded with concentric inclusions. The diagnosis relies on the cultures and the susceptibility testing as well as the pathologic findings compatible with the disease. Case Presentation. We present a 25-year-old male patient with persistent nonproductive cough for over a year and with weight loss, who comes to the emergency department with recent fever, swollen and tender lymph nodes, and hemoptysis. The patient gets diagnosed and treated for Rhodococcus equi-related pulmonary malakoplakia. Conclusion. Knowing the involvement of Rhodococcus in HIV is fundamental for the diagnosis and optimal treatment, which although unknown, a combination of antibiotics with intracellular penetration, on-time resection, and a proper immune reconstitution represents the best approach. Prognosis varies with mortality rates from 34% to 54%.
A New Ultracompact Narrow Bandpass Microstrip Filter Using Double-Negative Quasiplanar Cells
Authors: Khawary Mohammad Reza , Nayyeri Vahid , Hashemi Seyed Mohammad , Soleimani Mohammad
Published: April 2020

This paper presents a novel ultracompact narrow bandpass filter with high selectivity. The proposed filter is composed of cascading two basic cells. Each cell is basically a microstrip line loaded with a quasiplanar resonator and series gaps which can be fabricated using a standard multilayer printed circuit board technology. The structure is analyzed through an equivalent circuit and full-wave simulations. The simulation results are compared with experimental measurements demonstrating a good agreement between them. The measurement indicates that the realized bandpass filter at the center frequency of 1 GHz has a fractional bandwidth of 2.2%. Most importantly, in comparison with other similar recent works, it is shown that the proposed filter has the smallest size.
Utility of Saline-Induced Resting Full-Cycle Ratio Compared with Resting Full-Cycle Ratio and Fractional Flow Reserve
Authors: Sato Takao , Goto Sonoka , Ohta Yusuke , Taya Yuji , Yuasa Sho , Takahashi Minoru , Okabe Masaaki , Aizawa Yoshifusa
Published: April 2020

Background. The saline-induced distal coronary pressure/aortic pressure ratio predicted fractional flow reserve (FFR). The resting full-cycle ratio (RFR) represents the maximal relative pressure difference in a cardiac cycle. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the results of saline-induced RFR (sRFR) with FFR. Methods. Seventy consecutive lesions with only moderate stenosis were included. The FFR, RFR, and sRFR values were compared. The sRFR was assessed using an intracoronary bolus infusion of saline (2  mL/s) for five heartbeats. The FFR was obtained after an intravenous injection of papaverine. Results. Overall, the FFR, sRFR, and RFR values were 0.78 ± 0.12, 0.79 ± 0.13, and 0.83 ± 0.14, respectively. With regard to anatomical morphology were 40, 18, and 12 cases of focal, diffuse, and tandem lesion. There was a significant correlation between the sRFR and FFR (R = 0.96, p<0.01). There were also significant correlations between the sRFR and FFR in the left coronary and right coronary artery (R = 0.95, p<0.01 and R = 0.98, p<0.01). Furthermore, significant correlations between sRFR and FFR were observed in not only focal but also in nonfocal lesion including tandem and diffuse lesions (R = 0.93, p<0.01 and R = 0.97, p<0.01). A close agreement on FFR and sRFR was shown using the Bland–Altman analysis (95% CI of agreement: −0.08–0.07). In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the cutoff value of sRFR to predict an FFR of 0.80 was 0.81 (area under curve, 0.97; sensitivity 90.6%; and specificity 98.2%). Conclusion. The sRFR can accurately and safely predict the FFR and might be effective for diagnosing ischemia.
Production of Mycobacterium bovis Antigens Included in Recombinant Occlusion Bodies of Baculovirus
Authors: Villafañe Luciana , Forrellad Marina Andrea , López María Gabriela , Garbaccio Sergio , Garro Carlos , Rocha Rosana Valeria , Eirin María Emilia , Singh Mahavir , Taboga Oscar A. , Bigi Fabiana
Published: April 2020

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a disease produced by Mycobacterium bovis that affects livestock, wild animals, and humans. The classical diagnostic method to detect bTB is measuring the response induced with the intradermal injection of purified protein derivative of M. bovis (PPDb). Another ancillary bTB test detects IFN-γ produced in whole blood upon stimulation with PPDb, protein/peptide cocktails, or individual antigens. Among the most used M. bovis antigens in IFN-γ assays are the secreted proteins ESAT-6 and CFP-10, which together with antigen Rv3615c improve the sensitivity of the test in comparison to PPDb. Protein reagents for immune stimulation are generally obtained from Escherichia coli, because this bacterium produces a high level of recombinant proteins. However, E. coli recombinant antigens are in general contaminated with lipopolysaccharides and other components that produce non-specific IFN-γ secretion in in vitro assays. In this work, we produced the relevant ESAT-6, CFP-10, and Rv3615c M. bovis antigens as fusions to the polyhedrin protein from the baculovirus AcMNPV. We obtained chimeric proteins effectively incorporated to the occlusion bodies and easily purified the recombinant polyhedra with no reactive contaminants. In an IFN-γ assay, these fusion proteins showed equivalent sensibility but better specificity than the same M. bovis proteins produced in E. coli.
Caffeine Overdose Complicated by Acute Kidney Injury despite Mild Creatine Kinase Elevation
Authors: Koide Nao , Sato Nobuhiro , Kondo Daisuke , Hirose Yasuo
Published: April 2020

Caffeine is a commonly used stimulant in our society. Prior case reports have described acute caffeine overdose resulting in rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury (AKI). We present the case of a 29-year-old man who presented to the emergency department after ingesting 20.1 g of caffeine in a suicide attempt and experienced AKI with only mildly elevated creatine kinase (CK). This case highlights the possibility that AKI can result from a caffeine overdose, even if the patient’s CK is only slightly elevated.
ЕПІДЕМІОЛОГІЧНІ ТА КЛІНІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ГАРЯЧКИ РИФТ-ВАЛЛІ
Authors: Andreychyn M. A. , Nychyk N. А. , Zavidnyuk N. H. , Iosyk Ya. I.
Published: April 2020

Мета роботи – узагальнити дані про етіологію, епідеміологічні особливості, клінічні прояви та підходи до лабораторної діагностики гарячки Рифт-Валлі, подати основні рекомендації ВООЗ і CDC стосовно профілактики та лікування цієї інфекції. Висновок. Наведені найновіші дані про хворобу, спричинену вірусом гарячки Рифт-Валлі (Rift Valley fever virus), особливості її розповсюдження, характерні клінічні симптоми та ускладнення свідчать про особливу небезпеку цього захворювання для людства. Через серйозні наслідки хвороби, можливість виникнення великих епідемій, поширення за межі Африки ГРВ включено до Міжнародних медико-санітарних правил (ММСП) 2005 року до групи інфекційних хвороб «які становлять особливу національну та регіональну проблему», а збудник віднесено до тих біологічних агентів, які офіційно визнано чинниками біологічної зброї. Вірус ГРВ здатний інфікувати багато видів тварин, призводити до розвитку тяжких захворювань серед великої рогатої худоби, овець, верблюдів і кіз. Резервуаром збудника можуть бути також антилопи і гризуни. Найчутливішими до збудника є вівці, більше 90 % інфікованих ягнят помирає. Показник викиднів серед інфікованих вагітних овець досягає майже 100 %. На даний час основними методами боротьби з цією інфекцією, згідно з основними рекомендаціями ВООЗ і CDC, є лише профілактичні заходи. Ліцензованих вакцин проти ГРВ, доступних для людини, немає. Ефективні методи лікування ще не розроблені.
ШЛЯХИ ІНТЕГРАЦІЇ АКУШЕРСЬКО-ГІНЕКОЛОГІЧНОЇ ДОПОМОГИ НА ПЕРВИННОМУ РІВНІ
Authors: Slabkiy G. О. , Shcherbinska О. S.
Published: April 2020

Мета: розробити та представити концептуальні підходи до інтеграції акушерсько-гінекологічної допомоги на первинному рівні її надання.

Матеріали і методи. При виконанні роботи використано такі методи: бібліосемантичний, структурно-логічного аналізу, описового моделювання. Методичною базою дослідження став системний підхід.

Результати. У статті представлено кластерну модель інтеграції акушерсько-гінекологічної допомоги на первинному рівні, яка включає набуття сімейними лікарями необхідних компетенцій та безперервне підвищення професійної майстерності, матеріально-технічне забезпечення сімейних амбулаторій та комунікації з населенням.

На основі кластерної моделі інтеграції медичної акушерсько-гінекологічної допомоги на первинному рівні розроблено модель акушерсько-гінекологічної допомоги на первинному рівні. Модель складається із двох складових: гінекологічної та акушерської медичної допомоги. Такий поділ пов’язаний з тим, що для забезпечення кожної із них потрібні різні компетенції як сімейних лікарів, так і сімейних медичних сестер.

Центральним елементом моделі виступають жінки, які потребують акушерсько-гінекологічних медичних послуг профілактичної, діагностичної та лікувальної спрямованості.

Гінекологічна складова моделі передбачає забезпечення високого рівня гінекологічного та репродуктивного здоров’я, а акушерська складова – комплекс заходів, які пов’язані з плануванням сім’ї та народженням здорової дитини.

Впровадження даної моделі може бути поетапним. Етапність і терміни можуть бути на різних територіях різними. Вони пов’язані з термінами теоретичної та практичної підготовки сімейних лікарів та сімейних медичних сестер до виконання ними тих чи інших розділів акушерсько-гінекологічної допомоги та підготовки ресурсної бази сімейних амбулаторій.

Висновки. Інтеграція акушерсько-гінекологічної допомоги на первинному рівні забезпечить підвищення її доступності та ефективності.
Bordered penality in the Netherlands: The experiences of foreign national prisoners and prison officers in a crimmigration prison
Authors: Brouwer Jelmer
Published: April 2020

In recent years there has been growing attention for so-called crimmigration prisons: all-foreign prisons with immigration staff embedded where not rehabilitation, but deportation is the ultimate aim. Following Norway and the United Kingdom, since 2014 the Netherlands is another country with such a prison. This article analyses penal policies in the Netherlands vis-à-vis foreign national prisoners, including the establishment of the crimmigration prison. Drawing on extensive empirical fieldwork in the crimmigration prison, it subsequently examines how this is experienced and understood by both prison officers and foreign national officers. The results show that the limited opportunities to work on rehabilitation means that prison officers struggle to find meaning and satisfaction in their work. For prisoners, experiences in the crimmigration prison strongly depend on their subjective identity and attachment to the Netherlands. Whereas the lack of meaningful activities and remote location of the prison considerably add to the pains they experience, specific elements of the prison also help to mitigate some of the pains foreign national prisoners most commonly experience, especially isolation and uncertainty. The article finishes by a discussion about what this says about how the state should treat individuals it seeks to both punish and deport.
Asthma and COPD Patients’ Perception of Appropriate Metered-Dose Inhaler Technique
Authors: Ramadan Wijdan H. , Sarkis Aline , Aderian Sandrine Sarine , Milane Aline
Published: April 2020

Objectives:

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are chronic illnesses of the airways affecting a good number of people in Lebanon and the Middle East. Pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) are important drug delivery systems used to treat such pulmonary diseases. Drugs proven to be valuable and effective may fail to act effectively if such inhalers are used incorrectly. The purpose of this study was to assess the technical use of pMDIs by patients with pulmonary diseases presenting to the community pharmacies in Lebanon.

Methods:

A structured questionnaire was developed to collect data. A total of 601 patients using drugs delivered through pMDIs and presenting to 12 Lebanese community pharmacies were recruited to participate in the research project. The questionnaire items were divided into 3 subscales: subscale 1—assessing the device preparation; subscale 2—investigating the device use; and subscale 3—examining the knowledge and use of spacers. After confirming the reliability and validity of the survey tool, patients’ responses were analyzed and compared according to many variables.

Results:

Many patients answered inaccurately to questions assessing both the device preparation and use. Around 40% of patients said they do not coordinate the inhalation with pressing the canister down. The mean scores were 1.72 (± 0.73) over 6 and 5.67 (± 1.44) over 7 for subscales 1 and 2, respectively. The mean total score on all questions was 7.39 over 13, with a standard deviation of 1.75. While patients’ age did not impact the results, asthmatic, well-educated, male patients had fewer wrong answers when it comes to preparing and using the device ( P < .01).

Conclusions:

Our study showed that many patients with asthma and COPD might not be properly using their pMDIs. Appropriate inhaler use is crucial for successful pulmonary disease management. As pMDIs are one of the most difficult devices to use, proper and tailored instructions should be given to patients.
A model to predict unstable carotid plaques in population with high risk of stroke
Authors: Yin Junxiong , Yu Chuanyong , Liu Hongxing , Du Mingyang , Sun Feng , Yu Cheng , Wei Lixia , Wang Chongjun , Wang Xiaoshan
Published: April 2020

Background

Several models have been developed to predict asymptomatic carotid stenosis (ACS), however these models did not pay much attention to people with lower level of stenosis (<50% or carotid plaques, especially instable carotid plaques) who might benefit from early interventions. Here, we developed a new model to predict unstable carotid plaques through systematic screening in population with high risk of stroke.

Methods

Community residents who participated the China National Stroke Screening and Prevention Project (CNSSPP) were screened for their stroke risks. A total of 2841 individuals with high risk of stroke were enrolled in this study, 266 (9.4%) of them were found unstable carotid plaques. A total of 19 risk factors were included in this study. Subjects were randomly distributed into Derivation Set group or Validation Set group. According to their carotid ultrasonography records, subjects in derivation set group were further categorized into unstable plaque group or stable plaque group.

Results

174 cases and 1720 cases from Derivation Set group were categorized into unstable plaque group and stable plaque group respectively. The independent risk factors for carotid unstable plaque were: male (OR 1.966, 95%CI 1.406–2.749), older age (50–59, OR 6.012, 95%CI 1.410–25.629; 60–69, OR 13.915, 95%CI 3.381–57.267;≥70, OR 31.267, 95%CI 7.472–130.83), married(OR 1.780, 95%CI 1.186–2.672), LDL-C(OR 2.015, 95%CI 1.443–2.814), and HDL-C(OR 2.130, 95%CI 1.360–3.338). A predictive scoring system was generated, ranging from 0 to 10. The cut-off value of this predictive scoring system is 6.5. The AUC value for derivation and validation set group were 0.738 and 0.737 respectively.

Conclusions

For those individuals with high risk of stroke, we developed a new model which could identify those who have a higher chance to have unstable carotid plaques. When an individual’s predictive model score exceeds 6.5, the probability of having carotid unstable plaques is high, and carotid ultrasonography should be conducted accordingly. This model could be helpful in the primary prevention of stroke.
The GALA project: practical recommendations for the use of migalastat in clinical practice on the basis of a structured survey among Italian experts
Authors:   on behalf of the GALA Working Group, Chimenti Cristina , Nencini Patrizia , Pieruzzi Federico , Feriozzi Sandro , Mignani Renzo , Pieroni Maurizio , Pisani Antonio
Published: April 2020

Background

Oral migalastat has recently been approved for the treatment of Anderson-Fabry disease (FD) in patients aged ≥16 years with amenable mutations on the basis of two phase III trials, FACETS and ATTRACT. However, with the introduction of migalastat into clinical practice, it is important to correctly identify the patients who may gain the most benefits from this therapy. Due to the relatively recent availability of migalastat, its role in clinical practice still has to be included in guidelines or recommendations. On these bases, a multidisciplinary group of Italian Experts in the treatment of FD has run the GALA project, with the aim to collect the opinions of expert physicians and to propose some starting points for an experience-based use of migalastat.

Results

Overall, although studies and data from longer-term follow-up with migalastat are still emerging, available evidence is consistent in showing that this molecule does represent a suitable therapy for the treatment of FD, in patients aged ≥16 years and with amenable mutations. The use of migalastat as an oral option appears to be overall safe, and experience thus far indicates potential for improving quality of life, controlling GI symptoms, stabilizing renal function and reducing cardiac hypertrophy.

Conclusion

Migalastat can be considered either as a first-line therapy – given its efficacy, extensive tissue penetration, convenient oral regimen, and the current limited therapeutic options available – or in patients on enzyme-replacement therapy (ERT) who experience side effects, with poor compliance to chronic i.v. therapy, or with clinical evidence of progression of the disease.
Sexual violence against women and girls in South Sudan
Authors: Jaff Dilshad
Published: April 2020

This Letter to the Editor is in reference to the article by Murphy M, Ellsberg M and Contreras-Urbina M, “Nowhere to go: disclosure and help-seeking behaviors for survivors of violence against women and girls in South Sudan,” published on 12 February 2020. The authors have to be lauded to study this important topic in South Sudan where data are scarce and the problem is less understood. In such a context, actions by various actors to address sexual violence, a major public health concern and a serious international humanitarian law and human rights violation, must be well thought of to avoid causing more harm and compound the suffering of survivors.
Parametric Optimization of the Particle Temperature Distribution of the Gas-Thermal Flux by the Means of Thermal Radiation Spectrum of Particles
Authors: Jordan V.I.
Published: April 2020

This paper discusses the application of a method for measuring the distributed temperature parameter of particles based on the solution of the inverse problem that uses the experimentally recorded integral thermal radiation spectrum of heterogeneous gas-thermal flux particles. The output signal that registers the thermal radiation spectrum of particles is measured by a linear multi-element photodetector. The measuring equation for the output signal is presented as a Fredholm equation of the first kind with a temperature density distribution function and the Plank function.

A brief derivation of the inverse operator is provided for the solution of the inverse problem of determination of particle temperature distribution. Integral spectrum functions of thermal radiation of particles are derived for two model functions of particle temperature distribution. Parameters of these two model functions are optimized using the least-squares method and the experimentally obtained integral thermal radiation spectrum.
Experimental Study of Surface Etching in Synthetic Diamond Microcrystals due to Presence of Cu and Fe at High Pressure
Authors: Ishutin I.A. , Chepurov A.A. , Zhimulev E.I.
Published: April 2020

In the present work, microcrystals of synthetic diamond extracted from a metal-diamond composite were investigated. A composite based on Cu and Fe was obtained by sintering at a pressure of 4 GPa and a temperature of1300 °C. The experiments were carried out using a split-sphere high-pressure apparatus BARS. The high-pressure cell was made of refractory oxides ZrO2, CaO, and MgO using a tubular graphite heater. In the composite, diamond grains were in close contact with neighboring diamonds, and the metal phase filled the interstices. The study of the diamond crystals demonstrated the appearance of newly formed micromorphological structures on the surfaces in the form of numerous cavities of irregular shape on the faces of octahedron, as well as pyramids on the faces of cube, the morphological elements of which follow the contours of the cube face of the diamond. Thus, the results of the work evidence for the processes of etching of the diamond crystals during the experiments, which is associated with the presence of metallic iron in the composite. This type of etching forms a roughly cavernous surface on the diamond crystals, which can be considered as an additional factor for improving the metal-diamond bond in copper-based composites.
Pour la méthode comparative en sémiotique: L'exemple des études sur le récit
Authors: Broden Thomas F.
Published: April 2020

Comparative research enriches semiotics and deepens its exchanges with other sciences. The work can also highlight inductive methods and socio-historically specific forms and practices, thereby helping to develop a general semiotics and a semiotics of cultures. This article compares the morphology by Vladimir Propp that inspired the Greimassian narrative schema to a small sample of narrative forms, then to Aristotle's Poetics and to a model of Hollywood films. Certain motifs and subgenres represent elementary schemas with two or three actants and functions that rely on role reversal and emotions. A half dozen subgenres can be differentiated by the different affects that they aim to elicit. Greek tragedy is to evoke intense emotional states, and reveals a close interdependence between characteristics of the hero, modulations of the critical action, and the emotive effect produced. In the films, the variation of the affective intensity constitutes a key element of the narrative rhythm, and two main sequences supply opposing and complementary axiologies. A conclusion suggests the value of bringing together the semiotics of the passions, recent research on the history of the emotions, and comparative studies of how different cultures express feelings.
From Modern Physics to the Cold War and Beyond
Authors: Wang Zuoyue
Published: April 2020

This essay is part of a special issue entitled “Looking Backward, Looking Forward: HSNS at 50,” edited by Erika Lorraine Milam.
Clouds of Data
Authors: Carson Cathryn
Published: April 2020

This essay is part of a special issue entitled “Looking Backward, Looking Forward: HSNS at 50,” edited by Erika Lorraine Milam.
ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ІНДИВІДУАЛЬНОГО ПІДХОДУ В ІНКЛЮЗИВНІЙ ОСВІТІ
Authors: Ковтун Алла
Published: April 2020

У статті здійснюється спроба теоретичного аналізу проблеми індивідуального підходу до учнів та його ефективності в процесі інклюзивної освіти. Аналізуються особливості індивідуальної освітньої програми, яка є результатом командної роботи фахівців. Саме цей документ є важливим для планування і оцінки освітніх послуг. Розглядається результативність співпраці учителя і психолога на прикладі вітчизняних та зарубіжних наукових шкіл, досвід роботи в корекційних класах і загальноосвітніх класах з включенням проблемних дітей. Адже взаємодія психолога з педагогом дозволяє педагогу більш глибоко зрозуміти особливості спільної діяльності вчителя і учня та беззаперечну необхідність вчительської допомоги, використання ним гнучкого підходу до особливостей всіх учнів.  В роботі звертається  увага на те що, реалізація теоретичних та практичних основ діагностики стану вищих психічних функцій дітей дозволяє спільно педагогу і психологу вирішити питання з підбору методик, градації складності завдань, які вводяться, наочного і вербального матеріалу, а також способу його подачі, що підвищує можливості самої дитини. Підкреслюється необхідність напрацювання спільної стратегії роботи класу, підвищення зацікав­леності та мотивації дитини до занять за рахунок використання сюжетних, ігрових методів навчання, реалізації принципу міжпредметних зв’язків на всіх заняття, врахування індивідуальних особливостей дітей під час оцінювання, що дозволяє підкреслити будь-які, навіть незначні успіхи кожної дитини. Аналіз джерел дає підстави  сформувати уявлення про переваги інклюзивного навчання, а також про планування  спільних дій у напрямі пристосування інклюзивного навчання до умов української школи
РОЗРОБКА ІНТЕГРАТИВНИХ СТРАТЕГІЙ У ПСИХОЛОГІЇ: ЗВЕРНЕННЯ ДО ТВОРЧОЇ СПАДЩИНИ Г. О. БАЛЛА
Authors: Завгородня Олена
Published: April 2020

Окреслено сучасну пізнавальну ситуацію та методологічні проблеми психології. З огляду на ситуацію в науці показано, що сформульована й розвинута Г. О. Баллом раціогуманістична орієнтація в методології людинознавства має значний евристичний потенціал щодо розробки інтегративних стратегій у психології. Пошук шляхів забезпечення інтеграції психологічного знання, опрацювання варіантів відпо­від­них технологій учений вважав нагальним науковим завданням. Г. О. Балл проаналізував труднощі ін­те­грації, зокрема зумовлені поліваріантністю пізнання предмету психологічного дослідження; роллю суб’єк­тивних преференцій дослідника; наявністю суб’єктних якостей у досліджуваних; необхідністю узгодження результатів застосування методів різного ступеня об’єктивності. В контексті творчих напрацювань вченого, зокрема ідей, які ним були висловлені, проте не набули достатнього розвитку в його працях, нами за­пропоновано інтегративно-екзистенційний підхід, спрямований на розробку інтегративних стратегій пізнання, насамперед особистості. Зазначений підхід базується на загально-наукових принципах цілісності, активності, розвитку та взаємодії. Засадничим для підходу є принцип раціогуманізму в його світоглядних та методологічних вимірах. Окреслено також суттєві для підходу принципи «ученого незнання», по­трій­ного моделювання досліджуваної реальності, неостаточності теорії, її інструментального призначення, до­пов­нюваності теорій, гнучкості методологічного бачення, рефлексивної «лінзокритики», осмислення «присутності» автора теорії, врахування стану психічної реальності та її антиномічності, чутливості до потреб дослідницької практики. Запропоновано низку аналітичних процедур, які доповнюють і посилюють одна одну. Різнобічність процедур створює основу для 1) співставлення різних концептуальних підходів до конкретної досліджуваної проблеми, 2) створення ампліфікованих моделей. Методи інтегративно-екзис­тенційного підходу, спрямовані на певну проблему, відповідно розширені і технологічно конкрети­зовані, можуть бути дієвим інтегративним інструментом у пізнанні особистості.
Coal Seam Roof: Lithology and Influence on the Enrichment of Coalbed Methane
Authors: He Yunlan , Wang Xikai , Sun Hongjie , Xing Zhenguo , Chong Shan , Xu Dongjing , Feng Feisheng
Published: April 2020

To identify the lithology of coal seam roof and explore the influence of these roofs on the enrichment of coalbed methane, low-frequency rock petrophysics experiments, seismic analyses and gas-bearing trend analyses were performed. The results show that the sound wave propagation speed in rock at seismic frequencies was lower than that at ultrasound frequencies. Additionally, the P-wave velocities of gritstone, fine sandstone, argillaceous siltstone and mudstone were 1,651 m/s, 2,840 m/s, 3,191 m/s and 4,214 m/s, respectively. The surface properties of the coal seam roofs were extracted through 3D seismic wave impedance inversion. The theoretical P-wave impedance was calculated after the tested P-wave velocity was determined. By matching the theoretical P-wave impedance of the four types of rocks with that of the coal seam roofs, we identified the lithology of the roofs. By analyzing known borehole data, we found that the identified lithology was consistent with that revealed by the data. By comparing and analyzing the coal seam roof lithology and the gas-bearing trends in the study area, we discovered that the coal seam roof lithology was related to the enrichment of coalbed methane. In the study area, areas with high gas contents mainly coincided with roof zones composed of mudstone and argillaceous siltstone, and those with low gas contents were mainly associated with fine sandstone roof areas. Thus, highly compact areas of coal seam roof are favorable for the formation and preservation of coalbed methane.
Study on the Internal Force of Geomembrane of Landfill in Heavy Metal Contaminated Area
Authors: Zhang Hongzhou
Published: April 2020

In order to analyze the tension stress of Geomembrane in the seepage control system of landfill in heavy metal contaminated area under the action of the overlying landfill weight, the internal force of Geomembrane in landfill is studied in this paper. Firstly, according to the internal force analysis of Geomembrane model, the basic equation of Geomembrane is obtained, and the equation is analyzed by finite difference numerical solution, so as to analyze the internal force of Geomembrane in landfill. The method can analyze three stress states of Geomembrane-clay interface at different positions: elastic state, softening state and residual state, which makes the stress analysis of Geomembrane on landfill slope more reasonable. Parametric analysis shows that when the strength loss and the difference between residual displacement and peak displacement are small in the softening stage, the peak strength of Geomembrane-clay interface has little influence on the maximum tensile stress of Geomembrane, and its residual strength is the main controlling factor; and when the softening characteristics of Geomembrane-clay interface are obvious, the influence of peak strength and residual displacement is more obvious.
Optimal Allocation Algorithm of Geological and Ecological High-resolution Remote Sensing Monitoring Sampling Points
Authors: Bi Taifu
Published: April 2020

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to solve the problem of unsatisfactory image representation of monitoring sampling points in high-resolution remote sensing due to the complexity of geological ecology. Firstly, three algorithms used in remote sensing technology were introduced, that is, extraction algorithm of monitoring sampling point (selective search algorithm), discriminant algorithm (support vector machine) and BING algorithm. Then, the BING algorithm was improved. Finally, the superiority of the improved BING algorithm was verified through experimental data set. The results showed that selective search algorithm could generate more candidate windows in remote sensing image and had better adaptability. The improved algorithm had higher quality of candidate windows extracted from remote sensing images. Although the IBING algorithm could greatly improve the extraction speed of remote sensing, the detection time of each image became larger. Such testing times were still acceptable. Therefore, in this research, the allocation algorithm of geological and ecological high-resolution remote sensing monitoring sampling points was optimized, which had a good guiding significance for the application of remote sensing technology in geological and ecological research.
Marcadores de riesgo cardiovascular en niños menores de 10 años y su relación con niveles séricos de IGF-1, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2 e IGFBP-3
Authors: Vera Sorany , Figueroa Tatiana , Aranzález Luz Helena , Mockus Ismena
Published: April 2020

Introducción. Los desequilibrios nutricionales en la infancia afectan la salud tanto en la niñez como en la adultez. Estudios previos demuestran la asociación de marcadores endocrinos y lipídicos con riesgo cardiovascular (RCV) desde edades tempranas.Objetivo. Establecer la relación entre estado nutricional (niveles séricos de IGF-1 y sus proteínas enlazantes IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2 e IGFBP-3) y marcadores de RCV en estudiantes de 7 a 9 años.Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional comparativo transversal realizado en 84 niños de 2 colegios de Bogotá D.C. y Soacha, Colombia, para identificar la relación entre posibles variaciones de marcadores de RCV y estado nutricional. Se midieron los niveles de glucemia y niveles séricos de IGF-1 e IGFBP, el nivel de desarrollo sexual, el perfil lipídico y los valores antropométricos. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizaron el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, un análisis de varianza (ANOVA) y las pruebas de Kruskal Wallis, Games-Howell y Dunnett. El intervalo de confianza fue del 95% y la significancia estadística, de p<0.05.Resultados. La reducción en los niveles de IGFB-1 e IGFBP-2 fue directamente proporcional al aumento de peso. Por otra parte, se observó una correlación inversa entre ambas proteínas y concentraciones de triglicéridos, y una directa con los niveles colesterol HDL.Conclusiones. Las alteraciones de marcadores de RCV se pueden identificar en la infancia. Si estas son detectadas a tiempo es posible adoptar medidas preventivas y terapéuticas como la promoción de políticas públicas dirigidas prevenir el sobrepeso infantil, lo que a su vez reducirá el riesgo de padecer enfermedades cardiovasculares en edades adultas.
Púrpura Henoch-Schönlein bullosa en pediatría. Reporte de caso
Authors: Quimbayo-Romero Andrés Iván , Camargo-Rodríguez Kevin Joseph , Lozano Triana Carlos Javier , Landínez-Millán Guillermo
Published: April 2020

Introducción. La púrpura Henoch-Schönlein (PHS) es la forma más común de vasculitis en la infancia; esta se da en pequeños vasos sanguíneos y no es frecuente que genere complicaciones graves como la vasculitis bullosa, tal como sucedió en el caso que se presenta a continuación.Presentación del caso. Paciente masculino de cinco años con un cuadro clínico consistente en artralgias y aparición de lesiones purpúricas en miembros inferiores. Luego de ser diagnosticado con PHS, presentó lesiones bullosas, por lo que fue hospitalizado y se inició manejo analgésico y tópico; durante su estadía en el hospital se vigiló su función renal y, ya que no presentó otras complicaciones, se dio de alta.Conclusión. Las publicaciones disponibles sobre PHS sugieren que su presentación cutánea bullosa en pediatría no es frecuente y que no siempre se relaciona con un compromiso renal y/o gastrointestinal como la variante clásica; sin embargo, siempre debe vigilarse la función de estos sistemas sin importar la gravedad dérmica de esta vasculitis.