bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potassium dichromate sensitivity presenting as tefillin dermatitis: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hilewitz Daniel , Trattner Akiva , Noyman Yehonatan , Mimouni Daniel , Snast Igor
Published: June 2024

Background

Tefillin are a religious article worn by Jewish men during daily prayer. Tefillin dermatitis secondary to potassium dichromate sensitivity is recognised, but data remain sparse.

Objective

To investigate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of tefillin dermatitis.

Methods

Patients who underwent patch testing with the European baseline series in a tertiary dermatology clinic in 2009–2023 and were diagnosed with tefillin dermatitis were identified by file review and their clinical data recorded.

Results

Of 1679 consecutive male patients tested, 25 (1.49%) were diagnosed with tefillin dermatitis, accounting for 15.34% of all potassium‐dichromate‐positive patients (163/1679). Mean pre‐symptomatic duration of tefillin use was 38 ± 16.9 years, and mean follow‐up time, 3.1 ± 2.9 years. Patients presented with an eczematous rash on body areas in direct contact with the leather box or straps of the tefillin. An id reaction was noted in 32%, and sensitivity to other leather accessories, in 44%. Fourteen patients (56%) switched to chromate‐free tefillin: symptoms resolved completely in 11 (79%) and partially in 2.

Limitations

Retrospective cohort design.

Conclusion

This is the largest study to date of tefillin dermatitis caused by sensitivity to potassium dichromate used in leather production. Prognosis after switching to chromate‐free tefillin was good‐to‐excellent. Tefillin dermatitis may be more prevalent than previously thought.
Muscle resection biopsy during peroral endoscopic myotomy in a patient with achalasia
Authors: Hoki Shinya , Abe Hirofumi , Ueda Chise
Published: June 2024

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A conversion proposal for biomass estimates in termites
Authors: Silva Israel S. , Vasconcellos Alexandre
Published: June 2024

Termites (Isoptera) constitute a considerable fraction of the global animal biomass. Conventionally, termite dry biomass estimates (g) range between 1:3 and 1:6 of fresh biomass (g). But estimates are often based on a few species or coarse taxonomic resolution. In this study, we (1) calculated the fresh and dry mass of 15 widely distributed Neotropical termite species (three families) and (2) established the conversion ratio for dry mass, which is indispensable for biomass estimates. Workers and soldiers were sampled in their colonies and quickly weighed in the laboratory to obtain the fresh mass. Then, the individuals were placed in 80% alcohol for 5 days and weighed. Finally, the samples were dried at 60°C for 24 h and weighed again. Our results suggest an average ratio of 1:4.2 (dry‐to‐fresh mass), with a mean (±SE) conversion ratio of 0.24 ± 0.06, for estimating termite biomass at local, regional, and global scales. Moreover, our results demonstrate that values from termites preserved in alcohol could still be used to estimate biomass. Specifically, after insertion in alcohol, the termites lost 16.9%–56% of their water content, with an average of 26.5%. While this represents a source of bias in estimates using samples from biological collections, dry mass was significantly related to fresh mass ( = 0.99; dry mass = 0.000055 + 0.22 × fresh mass), and to the mass of termites in alcohol ( = 0.97; dry mass = 0.00014 + 0.26 × mass in alcohol). Applying our results to data from the literature indicates that global termite dry biomass ranges from 89 to 106 Mt.
Sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) plus glucagon‐like peptide type 1 receptor combination is more effective than SGLT2i plus dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor combination in treating obese mice metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)
Authors: Reis‐Barbosa Pedro H. , Mandarim‐de‐Lacerda Carlos A.
Published: June 2024

Background

Monotherapy to treat obesity‐associated liver insult is limited.

Objectives

In diet‐induced obese mice showing metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), we aimed to compare the combinations of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor (SGLT2i, empagliflozin, E), dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor (DPP4i, linagliptin, L), and glucagon‐like peptide type 1 receptor agonist (GLP1RA, dulaglutide, D).

Methods

Male 3‐month‐old C57BL/6J mice were fed for 12 weeks in a control (C, n = 10) or high‐fat (HF, n = 30) diet. Then, mice were followed for three additional weeks: C, HF, HF E + L, and HF E + D (n = 10/group).

Results

HF versus C showed higher hepatic triacylglycerol (TAG, +82%), steatosis (+850%), glucose intolerance (+71%), insulin (+98%), and insulin resistance (+68%). Compared to the HF group, HF E + L showed lower glucose intolerance (−60%), insulin (−61%), insulin resistance (−46%), TAG (−61%), and steatosis (−58%), and HF E + D showed lower glucose intolerance (−71%), insulin (−58%), insulin resistance (−62%), TAG (−61%), and steatosis (−82%). The principal component analysis (PCA) placed the HF group and the HF E + D group on opposite sides, while the HF E + L group was placed between C and HF E + D.

Conclusion

PCA separated the groups considering the metabolism‐related genes (glucose and lipid), mitochondrial biogenesis, and steatosis. The two pharmacological combinations showed beneficial effects in treating obesity and MASLD. However, the combination of SGLT2i and GLP1RA showed more potent beneficial effects on MASLD than SGLT2i and DPP4i and, therefore, should be the recommended combination.
Long‐term effectiveness of eptinezumab in the treatment of patients with chronic migraine and medication‐overuse headache
Authors: Blumenfeld Andrew , Kudrow David , McAllister Peter , Boserup Line Pickering , Hirman Joe , Cady Roger
Published: June 2024

Objective

This post hoc analysis of the PREVAIL study explored the effectiveness of eptinezumab for up to 2 years of open‐label treatment in the subgroup of patients with chronic migraine who had a confirmed diagnosis of medication‐overuse headache (MOH) at screening.

Background

MOH is a disabling and costly secondary headache disorder characterized by increased headache frequency and/or severity with increased acute headache medication use. Eptinezumab, an anti–calcitonin gene‐related peptide monoclonal antibody, reduces headache frequency, severity, and associated disability and improves functioning and health‐related quality of life as a preventive migraine therapy; short‐term benefits in patients with concurrent MOH have also been reported.

Methods

Participants received up to eight quarterly intravenous infusions of eptinezumab 300 mg in the phase 3, single‐arm, open‐label PREVAIL study. Safety and patient‐reported outcome measures (Migraine Disability Assessment [MIDAS], 6‐item Headache Impact Test [HIT‐6], patient‐identified most bothersome symptom [PI‐MBS], Patient Global Impression of Change [PGIC], and 36‐item Short‐Form Health Survey [SF‐36]) were conducted at predefined intervals. Patients were observed up to 20 weeks after their last infusion (Week 104).

Results

A total of 49/128 (38.3%) patients enrolled in PREVAIL had an MOH diagnosis at screening. In the MOH subgroup, long‐term eptinezumab treatment was associated with reductions in headache frequency (43/49 [87.8%] patients reported ≥50% reduction in MIDAS‐derived headache days at ≥1 visit), severity (2.2‐point reduction [on a 10‐point scale]), disability (mean MIDAS total score reduction of 51.9 points), and impact (mean HIT‐6 total score reduction of 9.7 points) at Week 104. Most patients described a “much improved” or “very much improved” status by Week 48 (PI‐MBS, 31/46 [67.4%]) and Week 104 (PGIC, 31/36 [86.1%]). Health‐related quality of life improvements in the SF‐36 were also observed.

Conclusion

Eptinezumab preventive therapy in patients with chronic migraine showed benefits that extended to the subset of patients with concomitant MOH.
Review of testing methods to inform materials selection in high‐temperature structural applications
Authors: Rossi Alicia , Hilmas Ashley , Josken Amber , Dickerson Matthew , Detwiler Kaitlin
Published: June 2024

Careful material selection is paramount to meet the significant challenges posed by harsh environments in advanced applications. Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) have come to the forefront of consideration for many of these applications where environmental resistance needs to be combined with structural stability at high temperatures (1200°C+). Many gaps exist in understanding how material variations pose unique material and design challenges that affect the final performance in a particular application. Thorough materials testing at relevant temperatures is required for various candidate materials to realize an analytical approach to materials selection. This review will discuss mechanical and environmental tests and their use at high temperatures including tensile tests, flexure tests, lifetime testing methods, interlaminar tests, and environmentally relevant tests. Challenges for performing these tests at high temperatures and on CMCs will be discussed. A literature review will provide examples of state‐of‐the‐art testing, and the test results from historical work and improvement opportunities will be addressed. This review aims to provide an overview of the current capabilities and practices for high‐temperature testing and recommend best practices for performing high‐temperature tests and interpreting and sharing the results and metadata with the larger community to expand the CMC material property database.
Impulsive buying in buyer–seller service encounters
Authors: Ali Fayaz , Tauni Muhammad Zubair , Butt Asad Hassan , Ali Ayaz , Yuan Jingbo
Published: June 2024

This research examines the impact of buyer–seller similarities (dissimilarities) in Big Five personalities—agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, openness, and neuroticism—on impulsive buying in a dyadic setting. The study further analyzed how the interaction intensity and sensory stimulation mediate the effect of buyer–seller similarities (dissimilarities) on impulsive buying. The authors gathered 1020 dyad data from various beauty salons located in China to achieve research objectives. Difference score analysis was used to compute buyer–seller similarity (dissimilarity), and a variance‐based structural equation modeling technique was applied to analyze the data. The results indicate that the similarity of dyads in agreeableness and openness increases impulsive buying, while similarity in neurotic dyads decreases impulsive buying. Furthermore, interaction intensity mediates the relationships of dyads' similarities—in extraversion and openness—with impulsive buying, while buyers' sensory stimulation mediates the associations of buyer–seller dyads' similarities—in extraversion, neuroticism, and openness—with impulsive buying. Finally, this study provides several implications for marketers in the services industry.
The effectiveness of multidisciplinary weight loss interventions is associated with initial cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents with obesity
Authors: Allali Brahim , Pereira Bruno , Fillon Alicia , Pouele Lili , Masurier Julie , Cardenoux Charlotte , Isacco Laurie , Boirie Yves , Duclos Martine , Thivel David , Julian Valérie
Published: June 2024

Background

The identification of predictive parameters of the success of multidisciplinary weight loss interventions (MWLI) appears essential to optimize obesity management. The association between baseline cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and changes in anthropometric parameters and body composition during MWLI remains underexplored in adolescents with obesity.

Objectives

To assess whether baseline CRF was associated with the effectiveness of a 16‐week MWLI measured through improved body mass, body mass index (BMI) and body composition (percentage of total fat mass (FM) as the main criterion).

Methods

Cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition were respectively measured by peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) during maximal exercise tests and dual‐photon x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA), before (T0) and after (T1) a 16‐week MWLI in 165 adolescents (aged 13.3 ± 1.38 years, 61.2% female, BMI 35.11 ± 5.16 kg/m2).

Results

Reductions in BMI and total FM percentage between T0 and T1 were greater in subjects with a baseline VO2peak ≥ 3rd quartile compared to the first quartile (p < 0.001) and the interquartile range (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). Baseline VO2peak and VO2 at the first ventilator threshold were positively correlated with the reductions in body mass, BMI and total and visceral FM percentages and with the increase in lean mass (LM) percentage between T0 and T1 after adjustment for age and gender (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Initial CRF is associated with the success of MWLI in adolescents with obesity. Improving their aerobic fitness before starting a MWLI might be a promising strategy to optimize its benefits.
How Does the Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Compare to Influenza in Spanish Adults?
Authors: Martinón‐Torres Federico , Gutierrez Clara , Cáceres Ana , Weber Karin , Torres Antoni
Published: June 2024

Background

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza infections cause significant annual morbidity and mortality worldwide in at‐risk populations. This study is aimed at assessing hospital burden and healthcare resource utilization (HRU) of RSV and influenza in adults in Spain.

Methods

Data were obtained from the Projected Hospitalisation Database of inpatient episodes (ages: younger adults 18–50 and 51–64 years; older adults 65–74, 75–84, and ≥ 85 years) during 2015, 2017, and 2018 in Spanish public hospitals. Incidence, mean hospitalization, and HRU assessments, including length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit (ICU) usage, and age‐standardized mortality rates, were collected and stratified by age group, with analyses focusing on the adult population (≥ 18 years old).

Results

Mean hospitalization rate in the population across all years was lower in individuals with RSV versus influenza (7.2/100,000 vs. 49.7/100,000 individuals). ICU admissions and median LOS were similar by age group for both viruses. Age‐standardized mortality was 6.3/100,000 individuals and 6.1/100,000 individuals in patients with RSV and influenza, respectively, and mortality rates were similar in older adults (≥ 65 years) for both viruses.

Conclusions

RSV and influenza infection were associated with considerable HRU. There is a substantial disease burden for RSV infection in older adults ≥ 65 years. While RSV hospitalization rates in adults reported here appeared lower than influenza, RSV is still underdiagnosed in the hospital setting and its incidence might be similar to, or higher than, influenza.
Late‐Season Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against Medically Attended Outpatient Illness, United States, December 2022–April 2023
Authors: Chung Jessie R. , Shirk Philip , Gaglani Manjusha , Mutnal Manohar B. , Nowalk Mary Patricia , Moehling Geffel Krissy , House Stacey L. , Curley Tara , Wernli Karen J. , Kiniry Erika L. , Martin Emily T. , Vaughn Ivana A. , Murugan Vel , Lim Efrem S. , Saade Elie , Faryar Kiran , Williams Olivia L. , Walter Emmanuel B. , Price Ashley M. , Barnes John R. , DaSilva Juliana , Kondor Rebecca , Ellington Sascha , Flannery Brendan
Published: June 2024

Background

The 2022–23 US influenza season peaked early in fall 2022.

Methods

Late‐season influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) against outpatient, laboratory‐confirmed influenza was calculated among participants of the US Influenza VE Network using a test‐negative design.

Results

Of 2561 participants enrolled from December 12, 2022 to April 30, 2023, 91 laboratory‐confirmed influenza cases primarily had A(H1N1)pdm09 (6B.1A.5a.2a.1) or A(H3N2) (3C.2a1b.2a.2b). Overall, VE was 30% (95% confidence interval −9%, 54%); low late‐season activity precluded estimation for most subgroups.

Conclusions

2022–23 late‐season outpatient influenza VE was not statistically significant. Genomic characterization may improve the identification of influenza viruses that circulate postinfluenza peak.
The influence of culture on the health beliefs and health behaviours of older Vietnam‐born Australians living with chronic disease
Authors: Nguyen Thi Ngoc Minh , Saunders Rosemary , Dermody Gordana , Whitehead Lisa
Published: June 2024

Aim

To explore the health beliefs and health behaviours of older Vietnam‐born people living with chronic disease in Western Australia.

Design

This study was designed as a focused ethnography guided by the interpretative research paradigm and Leininger's Theory of Culture Care.

Methods

Data were collected through participant observation and interviews undertaken at participants' homes in Western Australia over 7 months in 2019. Data were analysed using Wolcott's approach for transferring qualitative data, comprising three phases: description, thematic analysis and interpretation.

Results

This study included 12 participants. The health perspectives and practices of older Vietnam‐born Australians significantly reflected the traditional Vietnamese values. These included the stigma towards chronic disease as an inevitable consequence of ageing; self‐blame thoughts about chronic disease causations and maintained traditional dietary practices. However, some aspects of their health behaviours such as beliefs and practices in traditional medicine, Western medicine and physical exercise reflected a blended approach combining both Vietnamese‐oriented and Westernized‐orientated practices. Individual factors were also identified as contributing to chronic disease self‐care among participants.

Conclusion

This study emphasizes culture played a significant role in shaping the way that older Vietnam‐born Australians believed and behaved while living with chronic conditions. However, it also indicates that culture is not a stationary concept, it evolves gradually and is socially constructed.

Implications

A better understanding of the health beliefs and practices of older Vietnam‐born Australians is expected to contribute to the delivery of culturally safe and effective support for this population. The achievement of culturally safe care requires a systemic approach and collaboration of strategies across sectors.

Patient and public contribution

This study encompassed the contribution of 12 older Vietnam‐born Australians who offered the researcher the privilege to enter their world and the staff of social care organization who opened the gate for the researcher to approach participants.
Sex hormones in COVID‐19 severity: The quest for evidence and influence mechanisms
Authors: Xiao Haiqing , Wei Jiayi , Yuan Lunzhi , Li Jiayuan , Zhang Chang , Liu Gang , Liu Xuan
Published: June 2024

Studies have reported variable effects of sex hormones on serious diseases. Severe disease and mortality rates in COVID‐19 show marked gender differences that may be related to sex hormones. Sex hormones regulate the expression of the viral receptors ACE2 and TMPRSS2, which affect the extent of viral infection and consequently cause variable outcomes. In addition, sex hormones have complex regulatory mechanisms that affect the immune response to viruses. These hormones also affect metabolism, leading to visceral obesity and severe disease can result from complications such as thrombosis. This review presents the latest researches on the regulatory functions of hormones in viral receptors, immune responses, complications as well as their role in COVID‐19 progression. It also discusses the therapeutic possibilities of these hormones by reviewing the recent findings of clinical and assay studies.
Evaluation of volatiles from ethnobotanical plants as attractants for the honey bee swarms in Kenya
Authors: Ochola John Bwire , Nganso Beatrice Tchuidjang , Subramanian Sevgan , Nkoba Kiatoko
Published: June 2024

Apiculture provides better livelihoods for about 144,000 men, women and youth in Kenya. However, various challenges and barriers are available that prevent the industry from flourishing. One of these challenges is the low hive colonization rate reported by Kenyan beekeepers, who mainly depend on swarm catching to increase colony numbers within their apiaries. Many different traditional plants are used to attract bee swarms, although they have not been tested and compared scientifically with the most used and cost‐effective bait in Africa, the beeswax, for improving swarm catches. To fill this knowledge gap, an ethnobotanical survey was carried out in Kenya to gain an in‐depth understanding of traditional apicultural practices used for hive baiting to attract swarms. Additionally, the volatile composition of traditional plants used as swarm lures was examined using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and their effectiveness in catching swarms was evaluated in comparison to beeswax in the field. The survey results revealed that Ocimum kilimandscharicum, Cymbopogon nardus and Elaeodendron buchananii are the three commonly used traditional plants for baiting, chosen based on their aroma, abundance, ease of processing and durability. Notably, the volatiles emitted by O. kilimandscharicum plus beeswax attracted significantly two and half‐fold more bee swarms than the control (beeswax alone), whereas those of E. buchananii were the least attractive and similar to those of the control. These discrepancies may be partly due to the presence of small amounts of geraniol and citral in the essential oils of O. kilimandscharicum, which are characteristic compounds of the Nasonov gland pheromone from workers honey bees known to attract bee swarms. Overall, our findings suggest that adding O. kilimandscharicum to beeswax may significantly enhance bee swarm catches in the field.
Correlation between depression scores and serum NF‐ĸB/NLRP3 axis, biotinidase, and HMGB1 after treatment with isotretinoin in patients with acne vulgaris
Authors: Binsaleh Ammena Y. , Ali Lahin Saad , Bahaa Mostafa M. , Elmasry Thanaa A. , Negm Walaa A. , Hamouda Amir O. , Salahuddin Muhammed M. , Wahsh Eman , El‐samongy Marwa Ahmed , Alsubaie Nawal , El‐Khateeb Eman , Yasser Mohamed , Eltantawy Nashwa
Published: June 2024

Background

Acne vulgaris (AV) is an inflammatory skin disorder leading to scars and discomfort, its intensity has major psychological consequences such as depression.

Aim

To investigate the effect of isotretinoin (ISO) on NF‐κB/NLRP3, biotinidase, and HMGB and correlation with depression.

Patients and Methods

This was a case–control study that involved two groups. Group 1 is 20 healthy control, and group 2 is 20 patients diagnosed with AV according to Global Acne Grading System (GAGS) and received 20 mg ISO for 2 months. Before and after therapy, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) was applied to assess each participant's level of depression. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐ĸB), biotinidase, high mobility group box protein (HMGB1), nucleotide‐binding domain, leucine‐rich–containing family, and pyrin domain–containing‐3 (NLRP–3) were measured in serum samples.

Results

There was no significant difference in all measured markers of healthy group before and after 2 months. Regarding group 2, there was a statistically significant decrease in all measured markers after 2 months of treatment and significant correlations between GAGS, NF‐ĸB, HMGB1, NLRP3, biotinidase, and depression score.

Conclusion

Increased GAGS, HMGB1, NLRP3, and biotinidase were associated with depression severity in AV patients and ISO treatment significantly reduced these parameters and reduced depressive symptoms.
The dual protective role of accountability: Mitigating missed nursing care and nurse moral distress in a nested diary study design
Authors: Cohen Mirit , Drach‐Zahavy Anat , Srulovici Einav
Published: June 2024

Aims

To examine a novel moderated‐mediation model, investigating whether personal accountability moderates the link between nurse workload and missed nursing care and whether missed nursing care mediates the association between workload and moral distress.

Design

Nested diary study.

Methods

Data spanning from February 2019 to February 2023 were collected from 137 nurses working in various inpatient wards in two medium‐sized hospitals. Nurses reported care given to specific patients on three to five occasions across different shifts, establishing nurse‐patient dyads. Validated measures of missed nursing care, personal accountability, moral distress and workload were analyzed using mixed linear models to test the nested moderated‐mediation model.

Results

Under high workload conditions, nurses with higher personal accountability reported lower frequencies of missed nursing care compared to those with lower personal accountability. In contrast, under low workload conditions, personal accountability did not significantly influence missed nursing care occurrences. Furthermore, the interaction between workload and personal accountability indirectly affected nurses' moral distress through missed nursing care. Specifically, higher personal accountability combined with lower missed nursing care contributed to reduced levels of moral distress among nurses.

Conclusion

The study highlights accountability's dual role—safeguarding against care omissions and influencing nurses' moral distress amid rising workload pressures.

Implication for the Profession and/or Patient Care

Cultivating a culture of accountability within healthcare settings can serve as a protective factor against the negative effects of workload on patient care quality and nurse psychological distress, highlighting the need for organizational interventions to promote accountability among nursing staff.

Impact

By recognizing accountability's pivotal role, organizations can implement targeted interventions fostering accountability among nurses, including training programs focused on enhancing responsibility/ownership in care delivery and creating supportive environments prioritizing accountability to achieve positive patient outcomes.

Reporting Method

The study has adhered to STROBE guidelines.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Rivalry as a Contextual Factor of Gender Inequality in Network Returns
Authors: Lampronti Shemuel Y. , Operti Elisa , Sgourev Stoyan V.
Published: June 2024

Linking research on networks, rivalry, and gender, we develop a contextual approach to gender‐based differences in network returns. Our principal contribution is in articulating the role of rivalry – a personalized and relational form of competition – in influencing the cognitive activation and behavioural mobilization of social networks. Three experiments and two field studies provide consistent evidence for a negative impact of rivalry on women's network activation and mobilization. We attribute this effect to the misalignment between the cognitive‐relational schema associated with rivalry, promoting focus, agency, and confrontation, and gender‐based cognitive and behavioural expectations, portraying women as more comprehensive, communal, and cooperative than men. The negative consequences of this misalignment are due to the experience of negative affect, fear of social evaluations, and perception of threat. A key takeaway from our analysis is that efforts at improving women's network returns should better account for the role of contextual factors.
A dual‐process model of the effects of boundary segmentation on work–nonwork conflict
Authors: Michaelides George , Niven Karen , Wood Stephen , Inceoglu Ilke
Published: June 2024

Segmentation of work from nonwork life is widely presented as desirable to maximize recovery from work. Yet it involves effort which may reduce its positive effects. We present a dual‐process model of segmentation based on integrating boundary theory and self‐regulation theory that shows how creating and maintaining boundaries can have both positive and negative effects. Segmentation allows individuals not only to psychological detach from work, thereby reducing work–nonwork conflict, but can also deplete an individual's momentary capacity for state self‐control, increasing work–nonwork conflict. We tested our model with two studies: a weekly diary study with a sample of 436 individuals and a daily diary study with data collected at two time points each day from 162 participants. Using a Bayesian approach, we find some support for our hypothesized dual pathways. In both studies, psychological detachment mediated a negative relationship between segmentation and work–nonwork conflict. In the daily study, self‐control capacity mediated a positive relationship between segmentation and work–nonwork conflict, but this effect was present only when individuals worked onsite and not when working at home. This article contributes towards understanding the mechanisms explaining the relationship between segmentation and work–nonwork conflict and underscores the importance of self‐regulation in this process.
PETROLEUM GEOLOGY OF THE CENOZOIC SUCCESSION IN THE ZAGROS OF SW IRAN: A SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHIC APPROACH
Authors: Piryaei Alireza , Davies Roger B.
Published: June 2024

The Cenozoic stratigraphy of the Zagros records the ongoing collision between the Arabian and Eurasian Plates and the closure of NeoTethys. A Paleogene NW‐SE trending foreland basin was inherited from a Late Cretaceous precursor. Widespread progradation into the foredeep was a feature of both margins which, allied to ongoing tectonism, had by the late Eocene led to the narrowing and subsequent division of the foredeep into the Lurestan – Khuzestan and Lengeh Troughs, separated by the northward continuation of the rejuvenated Qatar‐Fars Arch. This sub‐division strongly influenced subsequent deposition and the petroleum geology of the area. In addition, the diachronous nature of the Arabian – Eurasian collision led to strong diachroneity in lithostratigraphic units along the length of the Zagros. Hence its petroleum geology is best understood within a regional sequence stratigraphic framework. This study identifies three tectono‐megasequences (TMS 10, TMS 11a, TMS 11b) and multiple depositional sequences.

The Cenozoic contains a world class hydrocarbon province with prolific oil reservoirs in the Oligo‐Miocene Asmari Formation sealed by the evaporite‐dominated Gachsaran Formation, mostly contained within giant NW‐SE trending “whaleback” anticlines concentrated in the Dezful Embayment. Reservoirs in the SW are dominantly siliciclastic or comprise mixed siliciclastics and carbonates, whereas those to the east and NE are dominated by fractured carbonates. There remains untested potential in stratigraphic traps, especially in deeperwater sandstone reservoirs deposited along the SW margin of the foredeep.

Late Miocene to Pliocene charge to the Asmari reservoirs was mostly from Aptian – Albian Kazhdumi Formation source rocks. In some fields, an additional component was from organic‐rich late Eocene to earliest Oligocene Pabdeh Formation source rocks confined to the narrowing Lurestan – Khuzestan Trough. Where mature, the latter source rock is also a potential unconventional reservoir target, although the prospective area is limited due to recent uplift and erosion. Deeper Jurassic source rocks contributed to the Cheshmeh Khush field in Dezful North. Silurian source rocks charged gas‐bearing structures in the Bandar Abbas region.
Single‐cell proteomics differentiates Arabidopsis root cell types
Authors: Montes Christian , Zhang Jingyuan , Nolan Trevor M. , Walley Justin W.
Published: June 2024

Single‐cell proteomics (SCP) is an emerging approach to resolve cellular heterogeneity within complex tissues of multi‐cellular organisms.

Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of SCP on plant samples using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Specifically, we focused on examining isolated single cells from the cortex and endodermis, which are two adjacent root cell types derived from a common stem cell lineage.

From 756 root cells, we identified 3763 proteins and 1118 proteins/cell. Ultimately, we focus on 3217 proteins quantified following stringent filtering. Of these, we identified 596 proteins whose expression is enriched in either the cortex or endodermis and are able to differentiate these closely related plant cell types.

Collectivity, this study demonstrates that SCP can resolve neighboring cell types with distinct functions, thereby facilitating the identification of biomarkers and candidate proteins to enable functional genomics.
Global Trends in Research of Programmed Cell Death in Osteoporosis: A Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis (2000–2023)
Authors: Rong Yi‐fa , Liang Xue‐Zhen , Jiang Kai , Jia Hai‐Feng , Li Han‐Zheng , Lu Bo‐Wen , Li Gang
Published: June 2024

Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic metabolic bone disease that is characterized by decreased bone mineral density and microstructural damage to bone tissue. Recent studies have demonstrated significant advances in the research of programmed cell death (PCD) in OP. However, there is no bibliometric analysis in this research field. This study searched the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database for literature related to OP and PCD from 2000 to 2023. This study used VOSviewers 1.6.20, the “bibliometrix” R package, and CiteSpace (6.2.R3) for bibliometric and visualization analysis. A total of 2905 articles from 80 countries were included, with China and the United States leading the way. The number of publications related to PCD in OP is increasing year by year. The main research institutions are Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Chinese Medical University, Southern Medical University, Zhejiang University, and Soochow University. Bone is the most popular journal in the field of PCD in OP, and the Journal of Bone and Mineral Research is the most co‐cited journal. These publications come from 14,801 authors, with Liu Zong‐Ping, Yang Lei, Manolagas Stavros C, Zhang Wei, and Zhao Hong‐Yan having published the most papers. Ronald S. Weinstein was co‐cited most often. Oxidative stress and autophagy are the current research hot spots for PCD in OP. This bibliometric study provides the first comprehensive summary of trends and developments in PCD research in OP. This information identifies the most recent research frontiers and hot directions, which will provide a definitive reference for scholars studying PCD in OP.
Linking ex situ germination to in situ direct seeding for landscape scale restoration efforts in the semiarid Mallee region of Victoria, Australia
Authors: Stapleton Joseph , Turner Shane R. , Warne David , Florentine Singarayer
Published: June 2024

Direct seeding has high potential for arid revegetation, but success is limited by decreased germination and seedling emergence. Direct seeding success may be improved through developing an understanding of the germination biology and requirements of species used for these projects. This study looked into the germination temperature and moisture requirements of four semiarid species from Victoria's Mallee ecosystems to understand how their germination biology may advise strategies for future plantings. Temperature's effect on germination was analyzed by incubating the seeds under three different regimes: 30/20, 25/15, and 17/7°C. Moisture requirements were determined by germinating seeds along a water potential gradient created using polyethylene glycol 8000 solutions. Results showed three different strategies employed by the study species: (1) Acacia ligulata has a generalist approach, germinating well in all temperatures with a reasonable tolerance to water stress; (2) Eucalyptus calycongona and Melaleuca lanceolata germinate rapidly under higher germination temperatures and have generally higher water stress tolerance; while (3) Callitris gracilis germinates poorly in hot or dry conditions restricting germination to cooler and wetter conditions. Based on our results, A. ligulata would be the most widely applicable species for direct seeding work based on generalist germination habits. Callitris gracilis appears to do well if planted in cool, wet conditions where the species prefers to germinate but would be intolerant to warm‐weather planting. The ideal planting time for a mixed species planting based on germination requirements would be mid‐autumn, as that is when temperature and moisture levels would be optimal for germination.
Effects of poly‐γ‐glutamic acid on soil structure and water retention characteristics under dry‐wet cycles
Authors: Jing Bo , Shi Wenjuan , Wang Ying , Zhai Zhongmin , Chen Tao
Published: June 2024

Poly‐γ‐glutamic acid (γ‐PGA) has been demonstrated to exhibit a soil water retention effect; however, the agricultural irrigation practices induce a cyclic pattern of wetting and drying in the soil, and its synergistic interaction with γ‐PGA remains unclear. To explore the amendment effects of γ‐PGA on pores structure, aggregates distribution, and soil water retention characteristics under dry‐wet cycles, an experiment was established with the number of dry‐wet cycles (0, 2, 4, and 8 times; a single dry‐wet cycle involved reducing soil water content from 80% to 40% of field water capacity) and γ‐PGA addition rates (0%, 4%, and 8%, represented by P0, P4, and P8, respectively). The results indicated that γ‐PGA enhanced the structure of soil pores and distribution of aggregates; especially, P8 exhibited a remarkable increase in pore number by 91.68% and mean weight diameter of aggregates by 17.17%, compared to P0. Additionally, the soil enhanced by γ‐PGA exhibited higher water retention capacity, with P4 and P8 showing average increases of 4.26% and 12.58% in saturated water content compared to P0. Notably, the effect of γ‐PGA on pores structure, aggregates distribution, and water retention characteristics was regulated by dry‐wet cycles. The γ‐PGA had the most significant improvement effect on soil structure under 8 times dry‐wet cycles, the optimal development on water retention characteristics under four times dry‐wet cycles. Therefore, these findings suggest that the optimal approach to enhance soil structure and water retention capacity is by incorporating γ‐PGA at a concentration of 0.8% in conjunction with 4–8 dry‐wet cycles.
Flow and Heat Transfer Mechanism and Optimization Design of Spirally Corrugated Tubes
Authors: Pan Chuang , Dai Yuande
Published: June 2024

Spirally corrugated tubes are widely used as high-efficiency heat transfer tubes in various industrial production fields due to their simple manufacturing, low cost, and bidirectional enhanced heat transfer ability. In this study, numerical simulations were conducted on the flow in multi-start spirally corrugated tubes with an equivalent inner diameter of Di = 20 mm. The effects of starts value of 1–8, pitch ratio p/Di of 1.5–3.0, ripple depth ratio e/Di of 0.05–0.20, and Reynolds number Re of 5000–3000 on the heat transfer and resistance characteristics of the multi-start spirally corrugated tubes were studied, and the mechanism of heat transfer enhancement was demonstrated by field synergy theory. In addition, through the performance evaluation standard performance evaluation criteria (PEC), the optimization design of the multi-start spirally corrugated tube was achieved. The research results indicate that increasing the start value and ripple depth improves heat transfer performance despite higher flow resistance. As the pitch increases, the heat transfer performance decreases, and the flow resistance correspondingly decreases. When the start value is 8, p/Di = 1.5, e/Di = 0.20, and Re = 20,000, it is the optimal PEC value, equal to 1.764. This will be of great significance for the design, manufacturing, and practical application of spirally corrugated tubes.
Experimental Investigation of New Combustion Chamber Geometry Modification on Engine Performance, Emission, and Cylinder Liner Microstructure for a Diesel Engine
Authors: Temizer Ilker , Cihan Omer
Published: June 2024

Emission values have been limited and some levels must be compatible with human health and the environment. One of the most effective ways to achieve these levels is effective piston bowl geometry. The aim of designing the new combustion chamber (NCC) was to provide a multiaxial distribution of the fuel in the bowl. In the study, the new combustion chamber was compared with the standard combustion chamber (SCC). Both chambers were fitted to the engine and the performance analysis was tested at different operation conditions. Then, 100-h tests were carried out to evaluate the effect of the piston bowl geometry on the surface of the cylinder liner by analyzing its microstructure. From the obtained results, the new combustion chamber geometry reduced HC, CO, and soot emissions while NO emissions slightly increased compared to the standard combustion chamber. It decreased brake-specific fuel consumption values by 4%, 5.53%, 7.02%, 6.4%, 5.55%, and 5.18% for 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100, and 2200 rpm, respectively. Torque values increased at all engine speeds. When the cylinder liners were evaluated as a result of long-term endurance, there were clearly fewer abrasive wear lines on the cylinder liners of NCC compared to SCC.
Molecular determinants of cross-species transmission in emerging viral infections
Authors: Wickenhagen Arthur , van Tol Sarah , Munster Vincent
Published: June 2024

Several examples of high-impact cross-species transmission of newly emerging or re-emerging bat-borne viruses, such as Sudan virus, Nipah virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, have occurred in the past decades. Recent advancements in next-generation sequencing have strengthened ongoing efforts to catalog the global virome, in particular from the multitude of different bat species. However, functional characterization of these novel viruses and virus sequences is typically limited with regard to assessment of their cross-species potential. Our understanding of the intricate interplay between virus and host underlying successful cross-species transmission has focused on the basic mechanisms of entry and replication, as well as the importance of host innate immune responses. In this review, we discuss the various roles of the respective molecular mechanisms underlying cross-species transmission using different recent bat-borne viruses as examples. To delineate the crucial cellular and molecular steps underlying cross-species transmission, we propose a framework of overall characterization to improve our capacity to characterize viruses as benign, of interest, or of concern.
Screening of bacterial endophytes of larch against
Neofusicoccum laricinum
and validation of their safety
Authors: Liu Yuqian , Han Shengjie , Song Liwen , Li Limei , Wang Haifeng , Pan Min , Tan Jiajin
Published: June 2024

In order to provide a highly feasible research pathway for the control of larch shoot blight, healthy larch branches and leaves were collected from 13 sampling sites in 8 provinces in China. The antagonistic endophytic bacteria obtained from the screening were used to carry out disease control experiments in potted seedlings. The safety evaluation test was conducted on the antagonistic bacteria. Subsequently, the strains with better preventive effect and high safety were identified by morphological and molecular methods. A total of 391 strains of endophytic bacteria were isolated from healthy larch branches and leaves. Seventy-eight strains of larch endophytic bacteria with antagonistic effect were obtained by primary sieving. Ten strains of endophytic bacteria with obvious antagonism were further obtained by secondary sieving, and all of them had an inhibition rate of more than 57%. Among them, strains YN 2, JL 6, NMG 23, and JL 54 showed the highest inhibition rate of 63.16%–65.08%, which was significantly different from the other treatments. The results of the pot test showed that 14 days after inoculation with the pathogen, strains YN 2 and JL 54 were more effective in the control of larch shoot blight, with the preventive effects reaching 57.7% and 50.0%, respectively. Strains JL 6 and JL 54 were biologically safe in the safety evaluation test. Therefore, strain JL 54 was selected for identification. It was identified as
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
through morphological observation, 16S rDNA sequence,
gyrB
gene sequence and 16S rDNA-
gyrB
tandem feature sequence analysis.

IMPORTANCE

Larch shoot blight is a widely distributed, damaging, and rapidly spreading fungal disease of forest trees that poses a serious threat to larch plantations. Endophytic bacteria have biological effects on host plants against pests and diseases, and they have a growth-promoting effect on plants. In this paper, we investigated for the first time the biocontrol effect of endophytic bacteria on larch shoot blight by screening endophytic bacteria with the function of antagonizing dieback fungi.
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
JL 54 has a better prospect of biocontrol against larch shoot blight, which lays the foundation for the application of this bacterium in the future.
Zeta Regularization in the Chiral Separation Effect
Authors: Khaidukov Z. V.
Published: June 2024

It has been shown that an expression for the chiral separation effect can be obtained by means of the zeta regularization, which is dictated by the thermodynamic description of the system.
Comparing the safety and effectiveness of overlapping stents with flow diverters for unruptured vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms
Authors: Kim Hyung Jun , Yang Na Rae , Jee Tae Keun , Yeon Je-Young , Kim Keon-Ha , Kim Jong-Soo , Seo Woo-Keun , Jeon Pyoung
Published: June 2024

Background

Endovascular treatment for vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms (VADAs) includes overlapping stents and flow diverters. This study compared the safety and effectiveness of overlapping stents and flow diverters for unruptured VADAs.

Methods

We retrospectively enrolled patients with unruptured VADAs who underwent overlapping stents or flow diverters at two tertiary hospitals in South Korea. The primary clinical outcome was the occurrence of stroke. The primary angiographic outcomes (>12 months) were categorized as regression, no decrease in size, recanalization, or stent occlusion, of which only regression was defined as a favorable angiographic outcomes.

Results

Of the 146 patients with VADAs, 25 (17.1%) had flow diverters and 121 (82.9%) had overlapping stents. For the primary angiographic outcomes over 12 months, the rate of favorable angiographic outcomes for flow diverters was 81.8% and for overlapping stents (triple stents) was 98.8% (P=0.006). In the multivariale analysis, after adjusting for partially thrombosed aneurysms, aneurysm shape, non-dominant vessel, posterior inferior cerebellar artery involvement, and procedure type, overlapping stents (triple stents) was not associated with favorable angiographic outcomes compared with flow diverters (OR 7.040, 95% CI 0.549 to 90.294; P=0.134), but partially thrombosed aneurysms was inversely associated with favorable angiographic outcomes (OR 0.056, 95% CI 0.005 to 0.589; P=0.016). The primary clinical outcome followed up to the last angiography did not occur in all patients.

Conclusion

There was no difference in safety and effectiveness between overlapping stents and flow diverters in unruptured VADAs. Further endovascular treatment studies are needed regarding the association of partially thrombosed aneurysms with unfavorable angiographic outcomes.