bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Russia’s Arctic is as an object of environmental monitoring
Authors: Russkova I , Dolgikh N , Salkutsan V , Logvinova Y
Published: August 2019

Exploration of the Arctic Shelf is a strategic objective of the sustainable development of our country, taking into account the use of hydrocarbon potential of this territory. At the same time there is a real ecological threat to violate the integrity of biodiversity in the region without implementing the environmental policy of protection of the Arctic Shelf of the Russian Federation. The state strategy until 2025 formulated strategic policy objectives: preserving and restoring the natural environment, ensuring environmental quality, ensuring human well-being and using economic development, eliminating accumulated environmental damage as a result of intensifying economic and industrial activities. A complex solution of these tasks is, on the one hand, the creation of specially protected natural territories, and on the other, the development of an environmental monitoring system. The status of specially protected natural territories allows minimizing industrial activities in a given area, reducing the vulnerability of natural ecosystems to anthropogenic influences. The program of environmental monitoring is a real tool that allows for the collection and analysis of data on the study of environmental reactions to anthropogenic impact, followed by monitoring the state of the biosphere for a development policy for this region dictated the need to develop an environmental monitoring system taking into account its particular features in these latitudes. The proposed system is considered on the example of the Russian Arctic National Park and can be extended to other specially protected natural territories of the Russian Federation. Until now, the lack of an environmental control system in the shelf areas of the Arctic North of Russia and the need for a development policy for this region dictated the need to develop an environmental monitoring system taking into account its particular features in these latitudes. The proposed system is considered on the example of the Russian Arctic National Park and can be extended to other specially protected natural territories of the Russian Federation.
The analysis of seasonality of tourist services in the European North of Russia
Authors: Zhagina S , Pakhomova O
Published: August 2019

An assessment of the tourist and recreational potential associated with the seasonality of tourism services in the European North of Russia. Our calculations show that the activity of the sale of tourism services increases in summer, sustained seasonal peaks of maximum demand are also noted in January (popularization of the project “Great Ustyug - the homeland of Father Frost” in the Vologda region). Lower sales volumes of tourist services are typical for the winter and spring months. The Murmansk region stands out, where tourist activity rises from August to November, which is associated with the development of primarily the ski (Khibiny) infrastructure. To reduce seasonality in the region, in addition to the development of tourist and recreational facilities, it is also necessary to create recreational tourist facilities of the all-season type with the inclusion of cultural, historical, ethnographic, religious and pilgrimage objects in the tourist activity. In this case, the tourist, even in the absence of favorable climatic conditions for the implementation of summer/winter types of recreation, will have sufficient opportunities to choose and exercise their preferences. This factor will reduce the seasonal fluctuations in the number of tourist visits, providing a uniform load on the existing tourist and recreational facilities.Based on a statistical analysis, an assessment was made of the tourist and recreational potential associated with the seasonality of tourist services in the European North of Russia. Our calculations show that the activity of the sale of tourism services increases in summer, sustained seasonal peaks of maximum demand are also noted in January (popularization of the project “Great Ustyug - the homeland of Father Frost” in the Vologda region). Lower sales volumes of tourist services are typical for the winter and spring months. The Murmansk region stands out, where tourist activity rises from August to November, which is associated with the development of primarily the ski (Khibiny) infrastructure.
PGE reefs of the West-Pana layered intrusion, Kola Region, Russia: plagioclase composition as an indicator of the economic potential
Authors: Yu Groshev N , Ivanov A N , Huber M
Published: August 2019

The paper summarizes the present time available data on plagioclase composition through PGE reef sequences in the West-Pana intrusion, Kola Peninsula, NW Russia. The intrusion hosts two PGE-enriched levels with a strongly different economic potential. A lower level is known as “North Reef” and contains several deposits of low-sulfide Pt-Pd ores discovered in past decades whereas an upper “South Reef” level showing high-grade mineralization in some places does not have ore bodies. Comparing the variations of anorthite content in plagioclase through the North Reef with sharp changes from An63 in the underlying unit to An86 in the reef sequence with those in the South Reef (An75 with no significant changes) it is suggested that the formation of the former directly corresponds with an early-magmatic process while the latter has a distinct late-magmatic genesis. Thus plagioclase can be considered as an indicator of the economic potential of PGE reef within the West-Pana intrusion and probably in other layered intrusions when it is necessary to choose the most promising mineralized level in the stratigraphy.
Proactive system for controlling the speed of movement of the coal cleaning combine in the conditions of the Arctic region
Authors: Kirillov I E , Kolesnikov E B , Morozov I N , Shpreher D M
Published: August 2019

This work is devoted to the topical issue of managing complex process equipment, using the example of a coal cleaning combine used in the mining industry of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The article presents an approach to the implementation of an automated system of proactive control of the speed of movement of the coal cleaning combine (CC) using two fuzzy controls. The proposed control system analyzes the current value of the engine current driving the cutting unit and predicts the readings of the gas pollution sensors in the mine. Accounting for gas readings is vital to ensure the safe operation of the tunneling machine and other equipment. Excess gas pollution can lead to explosions, casualties and damage to process equipment. Based on the analysis of these values, the developed system generates a control action on the drive motor regulator, which drives the combine. The drive motor controller is made on the basis of a proportional-integral controller. Thus, the system is a hybrid structure combining classic regulators and fuzzy regulators that generate a control signal. The presented approach allows for adaptive, proactive management, as well as improving the safety of the coal mining process and minimizing the human factor in the implementation of management. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated using the developed simulation model of a coal cleaning combine in the Simulink application of the MatLab software package. Analysis of the results obtained in the work allows us to conclude that it is expedient to apply this approach to other technological objects used in the mining industry of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and other countries
Governmental stimulation of the mining waste processing in the Arctic zone
Authors: Knysh V A , Larichkin F D
Published: August 2019

The article covers the problem of processing the mining (industrial) waste accumulating in the regions where solid minerals are mined. This problem is particularly relevant on the onshore territory of the Russian Arctic, specifically, on the Kola Peninsula, where the total weight of industrial waste has exceeded eight billion tons. Mining wastes are considered from two perspectives: as a resource increasing due to deterioration of the grades at primary deposits and as a source of environmental hazards threatening the natural ecosystems of the Russian Arctic. The study demonstrates that efficient mineral waste processing may only be ensured through an integrated approach to establishing incentive policies regarding the use of industrial raw materials to be subject to state regulation. This problem may not be solved solely through environmental legislation. The article specifies the major prerequisites for the success of industrial waste processing business projects, including the possibility of improving the technologies applied and the availability of a state support system for the development and implementation of the best available technologies for import substitution purposes. It is proposed to organize public-private partnership - based technology testing sites for the development and pilot testing of efficient processing circuits for low-margin industrial raw materials
Justification of an approach to an economic assessment of projects development of technogenic mineral objects
Authors: Nevskaya M , Cherepovitsyn A
Published: August 2019

With the gradual reduction of the quality of mineral resources and the deterioration of mining and geological conditions of mining operations there is a need to revitalize the mining companies withing the Russian Federation to engage in the processing of the existing technogenic resources. This problem is particularly relevant for the Northern regions, where a significant amount of mining waste has accumulated as a result of long-term mining. This involves increasing the investment attractiveness of the waste management of mining projects through the development of methodologies for the economic evaluation of projects. The purpose of this research is to develop a methodological approach for economic evaluations during the development process of technogenic mineral processing facilities and mining waste projects.The considered research methods include: justification of key elements of the evaluation of project developments and technological fields of waste processing, compare the types of projects, the rationale for the selection of project solutions to the socio-environmental projects and organizational results.The study results propose a methodology for deciding on the implementation of development projects of technogenic deposits and recycling, based on the flexible use of the criterion of net present value (NPV) to evaluate the effectiveness of the project.
Energy Efficient Polystyrene Aerated Concrete Composite Products and Condition Monitoring for Building Structures and Facilities in the Arctic Regions
Authors: Pak A A , Sukhorukova R N , Nikolaev A I
Published: August 2019

The harsh climatic conditions of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation in combination with the current requirements for ensuring comfortable accommodation conditions in buildings and structures lead to strengthening of respective thermal protection regulations. The article outlines the basics for the multi-layer composite material technology based on the use of aerated concrete and polystyrene foam. The novelty of the technology, as confirmed by respective patents of the Russian Federation, consists in layering of aerated concrete and non-foamed or partially foamed polystyrene into a mold, followed by its closing with a lid and subsequent heat and moisture treatment by steaming. The steaming process triggers spontaneous expansion of the aerated concrete mixture and polystyrene, compaction of their structural layers, and acceleration of concrete curing. The result is a composite product with improved performance, complying with the current regulatory requirements for the thermal protection of buildings.

In order to ensure the reliability and durability of construction projects, systematic quality control is required for all raw materials used in manufacturing of building structures, as well as proper condition monitoring for all operated buildings and structures. The Kola Testing Centre for Building Materials and Articles (KTCBMA), established 20 years ago, conducts certification and definitive testing of building materials for compliance with the current standards, as well as non-destructive testing of concrete and reinforced concrete structures.
Reduction of the Ore Losses Emerging within the Deep Mining of Bauxite Deposits at the Mines of OJSC «Sevuralboksitruda»
Authors: Sidorov D , Ponomarenko T
Published: August 2019

This article considers the issues associated with the deep mining of bauxite ores. A need for effective development of Russian aluminum mineral resource base requires companies to reduce the ore losses emerging while moving to the deeper mining, which is characterized by sophisticated geological, technical and geodynamic mining conditions. In this article we have revealed the changing patterns of the inter-chamber pillars’ stress state and stability taking into account the influence of various mining and geological factors. Based on the mine data and the results of numerical experiments performed with the use of PRESS 3D URAL software, this research has revealed that at the depth of more than 700-800 m inter-chamber pillars enter the supercritical mode of deformation and have minimal bearing capacity. Failure to take into account the supercritical mode of deformation leads to the significant losses of ore in pillars reaching 30-50%. At the same time, the ore losses can be reduced to 15-25% by considering the residual strength and supercritical deformation of the pillars while designing their parameters. The economic result would be achieved by improving the design process of mining operations, providing increased safety of mining operations along with losses reduction leading to to increase in production volumes.
International Cooperation in the Arctic as a Way to Preserve the Natural and Cultural Heritage
Authors: Bogolyubova N , Nikolaeva Yu , Portnyagina M , Elts E
Published: August 2019

The rapid growth of the threat to the destruction of natural and cultural values prompted the world community to realize the need to join efforts to preserve the achievements of nature and culture. Henceforth, the importance of the factor of cooperation in international relations becomes greater. The article considers multilateral cooperation in the field of preservation of cultural and natural heritage in the Arctic. The Arctic is a territory where the interests of many states overlap, so cooperation issues are particularly important here. The Arctic region has a unique natural and cultural heritage that needs constant protection. The authors aim at analyzing the modern system of defense of the world cultural and natural heritage, developed by UNESCO. The authors mean the world heritage as the most valuable foundation, a set of artifacts of spiritual and material culture created by man, and the wealth created by nature, inherited from past generations are preserved at present and transferred to future generations. The article pays attention not only to sites already on the UNESCO World Heritage List, but also to those that are to be included on the UNESCO List. Special attention is paid to the interaction of Russia and UNESCO on the issues of identifying new sites of natural and cultural heritage in the Arctic.
Multi-criteria signal synthesis procedure for adapting cognitive radio systems to the influence of interfering factors in the Arctic
Authors: Kirillov S N , Lisnichuk A A
Published: August 2019

For trouble-free operation of robotic complexes in the Arctic, it is necessary to use reliable radio channels to transmit control commands and to receive data from the robot. During operation, the data radio channel influenced by intentional and unintentional interference. Radio signal synthesis procedure is proposed to ensure efficient operation of robotic systems in complex interference-signal environment adaptation using cognitive radio transmission of information under influence of interfering factors. For creating a radio synthesis procedure used generalized representation signals. The objective function of multi-criteria synthesis of radio signals is substantiated. This function uses a combined quality criterion, which includes particular criteria responsible for throughput and detuning from interference, noise immunity as well as spectral and energy efficiency of the signal formed. The procedure of multi-criteria synthesis of radio signals includes the step of estimating the power spectral density of the interference, the formation of the objective function and optimization for finding the optimum of the objective function. Quasi-Newton methods with finite-difference approximation of derivatives are used for the optimization procedure, since the maximum speed of the algorithm is ensured. The proposed procedure was simulated on a computer. The model included a channel with additive white Gaussian noise and narrowband interference. The study showed that the synthesized radio signals at most unfavorable (among the considered) effects on radio channel by narrow-band interference provide noise immunity at the QPSK-signal level when exposed only to additive white Gaussian noise.
Aromatic polysulfone to create polymer materials with high resistance to frost
Authors: Borodulin A , Kalinnikov A , Kharaev A , Shcherbin S
Published: August 2019

The creation of materials that ensure high reliability and environmental safety of Arctic structures under extremely harsh operating conditions is an urgent scientific and technical task. This article deals with the creation of domestic aromatic polysulphons to create on their basis polymer construction materials with high frost resistance, resistance to environmental factors. Method for the synthesis of aromatic polysulfones of high-temperature condensation in solution is both simple (from the perspective of technological implementation) and affordable method of producing structural polymers in quantities necessary for practical application in the creation of polymer composite materials on their basis for usage in devices planned for operation in Arctic conditions. Physico-mechanical, dielectric, thermal properties of the synthesized aromatic polysulfone and its fire resistance at the level of characteristics of well-known foreign brands. The synthesized material is not deformed to a temperature of minus 60 0C, and the impact of negative temperatures over time does not reduce its physical and mechanical characteristics.
Prototype of a measurement device for frequency dependent soil electrical properties
Authors: Kuklin D
Published: August 2019

Studies show that grounding potential rise and lightning performance of transmission lines are significantly influenced by frequency dependent soil properties (resistivity and permittivity). In order to perform calculations of the transient grounding characteristics more accurately, additional experimental data for different soils is needed. Currently, field measurements of the frequency dependent soil properties can take a significant amount of time. This limits the amount of available experimental data. Thus, for conducting a large number of measurements, a convenient measurement device is needed. Several parameters of the measurement device for the frequency dependent soil electrical properties are discussed in the article (such as preferable generated waveform, the amplitude of the signal, input impedance of the voltage measurement probe, isolation between measurement circuits), and a prototype of the device is presented. A critically important factor for this kind of measurements is high impedance between the current and voltage measurement circuits. In order to achieve proper isolation between the circuits, the optically-isolated probe was made for the voltage measurements. An example of measurements with the dipole-dipole electrode array for high-resistivity soil is presented. Further improvements for the measurement device are also suggested in the article. With these improvements, the measurements can be almost as fast and simple as those made with a conventional soil resistivity meter.
Islamic diffusion in the countries of the Arctic region: the processes of Muslim migration to Scandinavian countries in the context of the transforming Islamic world
Authors: Kulik S V , Yu Eidemiller K , Biktimirova R R , Vanicheva M N
Published: August 2019

The paper is dedicated to the problems related to the change in the social and sociocultural structure of the countries in the Arctic region as a result of Muslim migration to the states of the Arctic region such as Scandinavian countries. Based on the review of Russian and European literature and open information sources, in this paper the authors systematize the perceptions of the migration flow from the Muslim world to Northern Europe. The formation, causes, specifics and transformation of this migration flow are considered within its entire course in chronological order and its division into periods is proposed. Each stage is judged upon and arguments are given for the chosen categorization. In addition, the events occurring in the Islamic world within the mentioned periods are reviewed. These events are systematized, synthesized and synchronized. As a result, the authors are able to reconstruct a reliable chronology of the process of Muslim migration to the Scandinavian countries and divide it into stages. In the course of the research study, the authors conclude that almost all stages of the Muslim migration wave to Northern Europe (excluding the “Initial” and most recent ones) have a systemic period of 20 years. However, some prerequisites are being formed for the present stage to be much shorter in time in comparison to the previous ones. As of 2018, two bastions of North Africa - the People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria and the Arab Republic of Egypt - are in a crisis situation by their economic, social and political indicators. This crisis cannot be interpreted as anything but a prewar situation. If the crisis in these countries is similar to the one in 2011-2014 and they are unable to withstand or transform it, the situation with Muslim migration, flows of refuges and the situation in Europe itself can turn out to be unpredictable. In today’s 2019 and in the nearest future five more countries - three Islamic Republics are in the zone of risk: Iran, Pakistan, and Afghanistan, while the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Republic of Turkey and in the zone of turbulence. A catastrophe in any of these countries will itself cause an explosive leap in migration, which will spread as waves of people throughout all Eurasian regions. If a chain reaction occurs and a domino effect lasts, it will probably end up in a socio-humanitarian catastrophe of a global scale first in the regions and then on the way where people masses will flow.
Chronobiological potential of human resources as a condition for ensuring socially safe activities in the development of the North
Authors: Bashkireva A V , Bashkireva T V , Chibisov S M , Fateeva N M
Published: August 2019

This paper presents an analysis of Russian scientific research in the field of the chronobiological potential of human resources as a condition for ensuring socially safe activities in the development of the North. The analysis of literary sources revealed that mainly works are devoted to characterization, including comparative, of individual physiological indicators. Most of the literature studied on the problems of human adaptation to the conditions of the north is devoted to the study of the functional state of the physiological systems of the indigenous and alien population to the harsh climatic conditions. Extreme north of the European, West Siberian, and less, East Siberian part of Russia. In connection with the development of natural resources, where there is no permanently resident population, such a non-traditional form of labor as a shift began to be used effectively. The time of the watch is determined by the conditions. Since newcomers will take part in the development of the Arctic latitudes, it is extremely important, from this point of view, information about seasonal exacerbations of functional systems of a pathological nature and disorders of the circadian chronorhythms of melatonin production resulting from changes in photoperiodism. In the analyzed works it is emphasized that the obtained information about the adaptation resources of various labor groups operating in the development of the Arctic latitudes, testifies not to the benefit of their health in comparison with the genetic potential of Aboriginal people. The results of the analysis of literary sources showed that the study of the potential of the human body from the point of view of determinism is not enough, since we can only register linear indicators. A look at this problem of the chronobiological potential of human resources from the point of view of fractal determinism is not well understood.
Adaptive immune response in residents of the Russian Arctic zone and South Ossetia
Authors: Kabbani M S , Shchegoleva L S
Published: August 2019

The human body in adverse living conditions, such as in the Arctic, goes through the risk of impairing functional systems including the immune system. These disturbances lead to appear states of weakness or hyperactivity of the organism protective function. This study investigates the state of the adaptive immune response of 40-60-year-old women living in the Russian Arctic and South Ossetia. The indirect immunoperoxidase assay with monoclonal antibodies was used to analyze the immune parameters of lymphoid subpopulations in 40-60-year-old women living in Nadym city in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and in Tskhinval city in South Ossetia. After analyzing the received data, the deficiency of mature T-lymphocytes (CD3+) was found in 96-100% of the examined individuals. We also revealed a decrease in the concentration of T-helper (CD4+) and B-activated (HLA-DR+) cells in 30% of Arctic zone cases and in 50% of the southern zone cases on the background of increasing concentrations of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. A deficiency of cells with apoptosis receptors (CD95+) was registered mainly in Tskhinval women (80%). Thus, it can be assumed that the deficiency of mature lymphoid cells with a receptor (CD3+) leads to disruption of the T-cell pool of the immune response and delay of the adaptive immune response overall. The increase in the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte count indicates the stress state of the adaptive immune component to compensate for the lack of T-helper and B-activated cells concentration. Additional comprehensive studies are needed to identify environmental factors having a significant impact on the mechanism of the adaptive immune response development.
Evolution of the subsistence pattern of indigenous population of the coast of Southern Chukotka: energy and resources aspects
Authors: Klokov K B
Published: August 2019

The aim of the research was to elucidate the changes in the subsistence patterns in Meinypilgyno village community located in the South of Chukotka on the Bering Sea coast near a spawning area of the large stock of red salmon. The research was based on modern interviews and data of the Polar Census 1926/27. The result was compared with case study of Chukchi pastoralists and Yupik communities made by Igor Krupnik (1983) in northern Chukotka. The population of Meinypilgyno was formed 90 years ago from two indigenous communities with different subsistence patterns and ecologic niches: Chukchi reindeer herders and Kereck fishermen and sea-mammal hunters. The Soviet and post-soviet economic and social reforms combined with Russian immigration changed indigenous life step by step. First, the Kereks blended in with the Chukchi community, and then the Chukchies lost their reindeer husbandry and began to merge with the Russians. Meinypilgyno became biethnic Chukchi-Russian community focused on red salmon fishing. Presently, both ethnic groups use the same ecologic niche. The analyses of the evolution of the subsistence patterns in Meinypilgyno confirms the thesis that two communities with similar subsistence activities using one ecological niche are going either to clash, or to merge together.
Modern features of interaction between employers and universities: Arctic aspect
Authors: Ostrovskaya O , Skorobogatchenko O
Published: August 2019

The mission of Russian universities is to train highly qualified specialists for the labor market, to expand the intellectual potential for the development of the country, to provide the society with a constant flow-in of modern-minded and socially responsible young citizens. For this purpose, the state is constantly developing and introducing new forms of training of highly-qualified personnel. It also cooperate with employers in universities. In general, the article aims to compare the processes of higher school personnel training and the provision of employers with employees at the present time. The challenges posed to modern universities and the restrictions which universities face when solving them, in view of the northern specifics of training, are considered. The current topical forms of training implementation and cooperation of universities, enterprises, science and government are presented. As a result, the conclusions were drawn both about the opportunities and the threats related to the elimination of the “distance” between the structure and content of university training and the prospective personnel needs of both the Russian economy as a whole and the economy of the Arctic regions.
Social and psychological aspects of individual adaptation in Arctic conditions
Authors: Sharok V , Iakovleva Iu , Vakhnin N
Published: August 2019

The article represents results of empirical socio-psychological research of factors of workers’ effective adaptation in the Arctic. In the elaborated questionnaire respondents were offered to evaluate a motivational meaning of such criteria as the transport and social infrastructure, the quality of the medical service, social facilities, labour conditions, career prospects, the climate and other indicators. The obtained data take into consideration the gender characteristic, the job form (the shift/non-shift methods) and the work and living experience in the Arctic. The conducted research revealed the leading role of such infrastructure factors as a good railway and air connection and the availability of sport centres. It is also shown that the availability and the quality of the high-technology medical care also plays an important motivational role. That’s why serious chronic diseases are the reason for refusal of living in the Arctic for the majority of the respondents. The romanticization of the Arctic, so typical for young people, gave the way to the importance of a decent earning. In other words, most respondents pointed to the role of a financial factor. Among the factors that prevent adaption the respondents chose the severe climate and the uneasy psychological situation at a labour collective.
Migration situation in the Russian Arctic (on the example of the Murmansk region)
Authors: Popova O N , Vicentiy I V
Published: August 2019

International studies show a declining population in the Arctic. The main contribution to the negative dynamics of migration loss belongs to the Russian Federation. The article presents the results of our study of the migration situation in the Murmansk region, which is part of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The statistical analysis of the migration movement demonstrates active migration processes in the region. However, despite the increased rates of arrival in the region, the negative dynamics of population decline due to migration loss persists, when the number of people who drop out prevails over the number of arrivals. These data are indicators of a weak settled population in the Murmansk region and social unattractiveness of the region. We also supplemented the statistical analysis of the migration situation with the results of a sociological study of migration behavior, migration attitudes and migration motives of the residents of the Murmansk region. We found that 16% of respondents showed a positive migration attitude, 52% of respondents showed a negative migration attitude, and the share of “potential migrants” was 26%. The key reasons for migration from the North are unfavorable climatic conditions and the unfavorable socio-economic situation in the region. The social portrait of respondents with a positive migration attitude is described by the following socio-demographic variables. Gender - mostly female. Age - from 16 to 66 years (average value was 35 years). The level of education - secondary vocational (or specialized secondary) - 37%, and higher education - 26%. Duration of residence in the Murmansk region - from birth or almost all his life - 71%. Unemployed and employed - demonstrated a positive migration attitude equally. The motivational factors that constrain migration are own housing, employment, job satisfaction, wages and social guarantees, family-related and regional (arctic) identity.
Northern Sea Route: Formation of Russian Transport Policy in the Arctic
Authors: Travkina E V , Ilyasov R M , Samylovskaya E A , A Kudryavtseva R-E
Published: August 2019

This paper is aimed at a systematic analysis of the international dialogue in the Arctic as a new political space as well as at identifying problematic issues in Russian transport policy formation. The authors suggest considering the prospects for the development of the Northern sea route from two sides: from the point of view of international law and with the use of traditional mechanisms of state barriers and control. The prospects of development of international cargo transportation and the Northern sea route hereinafter — NSR) competitiveness in the near future are ambiguous. Of particular importance are the blocks of the problematic field of NSR development formed by the authors, which mainly concern infrastructure and its provision, as well as the introduction of the Northern sea route into the international shipping market with its tough competition, while NSR does not currently have the necessary quality and quantity of the necessary infrastructure. At the moment, the NSR infrastructure is underdeveloped as a region in the Russian Federation and requires a carefully designed development program, highly qualified employees and supervision of program provisions implementation that will ensure the exact implementation of all development stages. The systematic development of the Northern sea route in the long term will contribute to strengthening the position of Russia in the international arena, its economic growth, import and export of goods and services, as well as its international cooperation with other Arctic countries. The authors believe that the solution of problems with the logistics component is the primary task of the Arctic region development and ensuring the competitiveness of the Russian fleet.
Assessment of the probability of the Arctic Council expansion
Authors: Krasulina O Y , Rossokhin V V , Krepkaia T N , Rubtsova A V
Published: August 2019

The article describes the essence of the Arctic Council, the importance of the programs implemented by the Council. The activities of the Arctic Council are focused primarily on environmental issues, as well as on the sustainable development of the Arctic. Besides the member countries of the Council, other countries with an observer status and those participating in working groups in the above-mentioned areas take part in the work. The criteria for assigning the Council membership as observers are mainly economic factors. The authors suggest that the activity of the Arctic Council should not be influenced by any political motives. In this regard, it is assumed that political risk does not affect the inclusion of the state as an observer in the Arctic Council.The article presents conclusions and determines the choice of factors influencing the probability of a country joining the Arctic Council as an observer. An analysis of the literature on the influence of political factors on corporate valuation, profitability of financial assets, internal and external conflicts, etc. is conducted. Based on the empirical analysis, a conclusion is made that the probability of becoming an observer country in the Arctic Council depends on the credit risk (sovereign rating) and the level of a country’s GDP. At the same time, the level of GDP and higher ratings increased the possibility of including the country in the community of observers. The authors also highlight the factors affecting the willingness and ability of a sovereign government to timely and fully service its financial, economic and fiscal obligations.
Methodology of formation of the state financial policy in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation
Authors: Krasulina O Y , Evchak A M , Krepkaia T N , Mokhorov D A
Published: August 2019

The article substantiates the need to develop a holistic state financial policy for the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation, including budget, tax and customs instruments for implementing this policy in the current economic conditions. The current financial policy system of the Russian Federation does not take into account the specific conditions of the development of the Arctic, it does not include special measures of state supervision aimed directly at supporting and stimulating the socio-economic development of the Arctic region of the Russian Federation. For Russia, investment projects in the Arctic are not just hydrocarbon production projects on the continental shelf. These projects are designed to ensure national and economic security, develop infrastructure, mineral resources, Arctic production and improve the standards and quality of life of people, including indigenous peoples of the North.The author emphasizes that currently the mechanisms for implementing the state financial policy for the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation in terms of the scientific development of the region, the need for financial resources in the priority areas of the development of the Arctic, ways of attracting them and use efficiently, are not working effectively. A method of forming the state financial policy in the Arctic region of the Russian Federation is proposed to ensure sustainable socio-economic development in strategic macro regions and to increase the effectiveness of the implementation of the Arctic policy. The article outlines the consistent formation of the mechanisms for regulating macro-regional development, which can take into account the impact of financial investments on the development of the Arctic, resource utilization factors, risk and efficiency. The stages of fiscal, tax, customs, financial and credit development, as well as financial and institutional mechanisms for the implementation of the national fiscal policy in the Arctic region of the Russian Federation were developed.
Assessment of challenges, threats, and prospects in development of cities and towns in the Arctic zone
Authors: Kozin M , Skotarenko O , Plotnikov V
Published: August 2019

The article suggests a way of tackling one of the crucial issues, namely using a novel research framework in management of territorial processes based on the qualimetric methodological approach.

The goal of the study is to identify major limitations, challenges, and threats occurring during economic development of Arctic territories on the basis of an analysis of socioeconomic development and to suggest, on this basis, prospective areas of economic practices and development in the Arctic. The study is based on a systemic methodological approach to assessment of factors in economic practices in Arctic territories, a concept and methodology of sustainable development, methods of comparative (interregional and international) analysis, institutional analysis and development. The article analyses the prerequisites for socioeconomic development of Arctic territories; identifies the factors, limitations, challenges, and threats for their sustainable development; contains a comparative analysis of national practices in economic exploration in the Arctic zone; describes the purposes of government regulation in those processes and their institutionalisation in economic policy; suggests prospective of economic development in the Arctic zone; provides recommendations for improvement in the aforesaid development.

Conclusions and recommendations. The study has shown that, depending on the combination of natural, climatic, social, resource, environmental, and other factors characterising a particular territory within the Arctic, a specific model of institutional regulation in its development should be created and institutionalised. The study has identified and listed the challenges and threats in economic practices in the Arctic zone. Prospective areas in economic exploration have been proposed.
Specific features of ensuring economic security of coastal Arctic regions
Authors: Ulchenko M V , Badylevich R V , Kondratovich D L
Published: August 2019

In recent years, the attention of the world community to the Arctic has increased significantly. Moreover, not only the so-called Arctic States, but also countries that do not have direct access to the Arctic territories are showing active interest. What is the reason for such interest? It’s simple, the Arctic contains the main reserves of natural gas and oil, which are so necessary for the further development of energy-intensive economies of most countries. The Russian Federation is no exception, the strengthening of sanctions pressure, as well as the processes of globalization create prerequisites for the most effective use of both the Arctic territories themselves and the natural resources they possess. Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation defined the boundaries of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and the Strategy of economic security of the Russian Federation and national, are in the active stage of implementation. One of the features of the Russian Arctic territorial systems is that almost all of them are coastal regions. These regions have specific features in the development due to the prevalence of marine economic activity and severe natural and climatic conditions of life. At the same time, regional public authorities, for making objective administrative decisions, are interested in taking into account the designated specific features in the development of subordinate territories. However, the coastal Arctic regions, from the point of view of ensuring economic security, as an object of study, are not currently allocated to a separate category. In this paper, the authors identify specific features in the development of coastal Arctic regions, and propose to use a number of indicators that take into account this specificity.
Features of thermovision control of open substations equipment with wind load registration
Authors: Vlasov A , Alloyarov K , Rubtsova A
Published: August 2019

The features of the thermovision control of open substations electrical equipment when exposed to air flow (wind loads) are considered. Wind loads have a significant impact on the change (decrease) of the surface temperature of electrical equipment, which is confirmed by the experimental data presented. Disregarding wind loads impact reduces the reliability of the results of thermovision tests and subsequent expert evaluation, including hidden defects in the structure. There is no method for assessing the effect of air flow on the surface temperature of the object under study. The lack of a technique is a cause of deterring the use of thermovision diagnostic methods for evaluating electrical equipment. In order to take into account the impact of wind loads, a method developed by the authors for considering the cumulative influence of numerous factors was proposed for estimating the density of heat fluxes in the volume of electrical and dielectric materials during operation. The collection of experimental data was carried out for objects from various materials: porcelain, aluminum, nichrome. The main factors influencing the surface cooling intensity are substantiated: excess of the surface temperature blown by the wind Δtв, external diameter D of the structure, air speed v, medium temperature T0, thermal conductivity coefficients of materials, surface emissivity coefficients, electrical resistance of conductors, and features of the shape of the analyzed node. As a result of the analysis of experimental data, it was found that with an increase in the speed of the air flow up to 5 m/s, the temperature decreases by 25-30 ° C. The sharpest decrease in temperature of the objects under study is observed with an increase in the speed of the air flow from 0 to 1 m/s.
Microwave heating in industry
Authors: Gaponenkov I , Fedorova O , Vasilyeva Zh , Krepkaia T
Published: August 2019

The article presents an analytical review of publications highlighting the possibilities of innovative application of technologies using the energy of the electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency (EMF microwave) in various industries. As the analysis of technologies based on the action of the electromagnetic field of the ultrahigh frequency range shows, they are already used to solve a variety of problems: from sterilizing compotes and drying lumber to producing thermally expanded graphite and the use of these technologies in medicine. This article highlights the main advantages of using the microwave electromagnetic field, regardless of the scope of its practical application. The implementation of innovations, based on the energy of the electromagnetic field of the microwave range in the technological schemes of various industries will reduce energy consumption and improve the efficiency of the technological processes themselves. This implementation will ultimately lead to increased productivity and lower capital and operating costs, it will allow to significantly modernize production in terms of reducing energy consumption per unit of the processed product, and in terms of improving the quality of raw material processing. Possible deficiencies and their solutions in production processes are described. A significant obstacle to the intensive implementation of these technologies is the fact that the nature of wave propagation in different materials, under different initial and final conditions, can differ significantly from each other. This, in turn, implies careful design of the hardware component (emitters and chambers) as well as finding the optimal process parameters (temperature and heating rate, installation power, intensity, frequency and electromagnetic field intensity).
Innovation potential of the Arctic economic systems
Authors: Tsukerman V , Goryachevskaya E
Published: August 2019

Innovation potential is of a high priority in territorial economic systems in ensuring sustainable economic growth. Assessment of innovation potential of Arctic systems allows integrating the efforts of federal and regional executive authorities and local governments to activate the innovative development of industrial enterprises. Various scenarios for implementation of the strategy of innovation development, methodological principles and recommendations for evaluating the innovation potential were considered. An assessment of the innovation potential in four regions that are fully related to Russian Arctic was carried out. Innovative profiles of the considered regions were formulated. It is shown that the Murmansk region has the most rational innovation profile close in form to an equilateral pentagon. Based on the assessment of the innovation potential efficiency of using various resources that contribute to the innovative development of the Arctic regions is determined. The Murmansk region has the greatest potential for innovative development. An assessment of the innovation potential of the Arctic regions which allows determining the effectiveness of the use of various resources for the innovative development of regions is performed. The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District demonstrated the greatest potential compared to other Arctic regions and accordingly the most rational use of resources for innovative and technological development what is the basis for recommending the use of the scenario of leadership achievement of innovative development in the medium and long term