bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Offering Free Upgrades Even Before Stocks Run Out: The Value of Proactive Upgrades
Authors: Chen David , Tang Christopher S. , Wang Huihui , Wang Rowan , Yu Yimin
Published: March 2022

Problem definition: When selling multiple products with different feature combinations over a short selling season, a seller often adopts a “reactive” upgrade policy by offering a free upgrade to the next-price-level product only after a customer’s preferred product is out of stock. However, when customers’ preferences are heterogeneous for different feature combinations, some unyielding customers may reject free upgrades. In this paper, we consider a new “proactive” upgrade policy under which the seller may offer free upgrades even before a product is out of stock. Academic/practical relevance: The proactive upgrade policy enables the seller to strategically keep some units of a product in reserve to secure future sales of this product for those unyielding customers. However, the value of the proactive upgrade policy over the traditional reactive upgrade policy remains unclear. Methodology: Given the product choice probability the “upgrade acceptance probability” of each arriving customer, we formulate the problem of how to offer proactive upgrades as a finite horizon dynamic program with an embedded Markov decision process, and we determine the optimal proactive upgrade policy. Results: By exploiting the underlying mathematical structure, we prove that the optimal value function possesses the “anti-multimodularity” property such that the optimal upgrade strategy under the proactive upgrade policy is governed by two state-dependent thresholds: one threshold dictates when to offer proactive upgrades, and the other threshold dictates when to offer reactive upgrades. We also show that the proactive upgrade policy can create significant value over the reactive upgrade policy when the next-price-level product has similar consumer utility or when the price sensitivity is intermediate. Managerial implications: We identify the conditions under which the proactive upgrade policy provides significant value over the traditional reactive upgrade policy. These results can be useful for sellers who sell variants of similar products with different feature combinations to customers with heterogeneous feature preferences.
Excited delirium syndrome
Authors: Sengstock Brian , Curtis Janet
Published: March 2022

Excited delirium syndrome involves extreme agitation and aggression in a patient with an altered mental status; around one in ten cases ends in cardiac arrest. It has two main triggers: acute drug use and psychiatric illness. Patients display violent behaviour, increased pain tolerance and great strength; they pose significant risks to themselves and those around them. Maintaining safety on scene is paramount, which can be supported by a dual response by paramedics and law enforcement officers, and the patient is likely to need restraining or sedation. Treatment is non-specific and involves managing symptoms and complications such as hyperthermia, acidosis and rhabdomyolysis.
Distributed humidity fiber-optic sensor based on BOFDA using a simple machine learning approach
Authors: Karapanagiotis Christos , Hicke Konstantin , Wosniok Aleksander , Krebber Katerina
Published: March 2022

We report, to our knowledge for the first time, on distributed relative humidity sensing in silica polyimide-coated optical fibers using Brillouin optical frequency domain analysis (BOFDA). Linear regression, which is a simple and well-interpretable algorithm in machine learning and statistics, is utilized. The algorithm is trained using as features the Brillouin frequency shifts and linewidths of the fiber’s multipeak Brillouin spectrum. To assess and improve the effectiveness of the regression algorithm, we make use of machine learning concepts to estimate the model’s uncertainties and select the features that contribute most to the model’s performance. In addition to relative humidity, the model is also able to simultaneously provide distributed temperature information addressing the well-known cross-sensitivity effects.
Arbitrary superposition of plasmonic orbital angular momentum states with nanostructures
Authors: An Xing-Qi , Song Hong-Sheng , Zeng Xiang-Yu , Gu Man-Na , Jiang Zeng-Shun , He Chang-Wei , Liu Gui-Yuan , Cheng Chuan-Fu , Zhang Yu-Qin
Published: March 2022

A kind of plasmonic nanostructure is proposed that can generate the arbitrary superposition of orbital angular momentum (OAM) states in surface plasmons (SPs), which is achieved by combining the segmented spirals with nanoslit pairs. The structures can independently modulate both the phase and amplitude of SP waves, and thus enable the superposition of two OAM states with arbitrary topological charges (TCs) as well as free control of their relative amplitudes. Superposed states distributed over the entire Bloch sphere and hybrid superposed states with different TCs were constructed and experimentally demonstrated. This work will offer more opportunities for multifunctional plasmonic devices.
Bayesian inference of ancestral recombination graphs
Authors: Mahmoudi Ali , Koskela Jere , Kelleher Jerome , Chan Yao-ban , Balding David
Published: March 2022

We present a novel algorithm, implemented in the softwareARGinfer, for probabilistic inference of the Ancestral Recombination Graph under the Coalescent with Recombination. Our Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm takes advantage of the Succinct Tree Sequence data structure that has allowed great advances in simulation and point estimation, but not yet probabilistic inference. Unlike previous methods, which employ the Sequentially Markov Coalescent approximation,ARGinferuses the Coalescent with Recombination, allowing more accurate inference of key evolutionary parameters. We show using simulations thatARGinfercan accurately estimate many properties of the evolutionary history of the sample, including the topology and branch lengths of the genealogical tree at each sequence site, and the times and locations of mutation and recombination events.ARGinferapproximates posterior probability distributions for these and other quantities, providing interpretable assessments of uncertainty that we show to be well calibrated.ARGinferis currently limited to tens of DNA sequences of several hundreds of kilobases, but has scope for further computational improvements to increase its applicability.
The geography and inter-community configuration of new sexual partnership formation in a rural South African population over fourteen years (2003–2016)
Authors: Kim Hae-Young , Cuadros Diego , Wilkinson Eduan , Junqueira Dennis M. , Oliveira Tulio de , Tanser Frank
Published: March 2022

Understanding spatial configuration of sexual network structure is critical for effective use of HIV preventative interventions in a community. However, this has never been described at the population level for any setting in sub-Saharan Africa. We constructed the comprehensive geospatial sexual network among new heterosexual partnerships in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. In the Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI)’s population-based surveillance, we identified stable sexual partnerships among individuals (≥15 years) from 2003 to 2016. Sexual partnerships and residency were recorded via household surveys (every 4–6 months). We geolocated residents and migration events and mapped the geospatial linkages of sexual partners at the start of sexual partnerships. In a grid composed by 108 cells (nodes; 3kmx3km per cell) covering the surveillance area (438km2), we calculated the degree of connectivity and centrality of the nodes and examined their association with HIV prevalence and incidence per cell. Of 2401 new sexual partnerships, 21% (n = 495) had both partners living within the surveillance area at the start of sexual partnerships, and 76% (376/495) were linked to the geographic HIV cluster with high HIV prevalence identified in a peri-urban community. Overall, 57 nodes had at least one connection to another node. The nodes in the peri-urban cluster had higher connectivity (mean = 19, range: 9–32), compared to outside the cluster (6, range: 1–16). The node’s degree of connectivity was positively associated with HIV prevalence of the cell (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.67; p <0.005). The peri-urban cluster contained nine of the 10 nodes that composed of a single large central module in the community. About 17% of sexual partnerships (n = 421) were formed between a resident and a non-resident partner who out-migrated. Most of these non-resident partners lived in KwaZulu-Natal (86.7%), followed by Gauteng (9.7%), and the median distance between a resident and a non-resident partner was 50.1km (IQR: 23.2–177.2). We found that the peri-urban HIV cluster served as the highly connected central node of the network for sexual partnership formation. The network was also connected beyond the surveillance area across South Africa. Understanding spatial sexual network can improve the provision of spatially targeted and effective interventions.
The effects of music & auditory beat stimulation on anxiety: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Mallik Adiel , Russo Frank A.
Published: March 2022

Background and objectives

Music and auditory beat stimulation (ABS) in the theta frequency range (4–7 Hz) are sound-based anxiety treatments that have been independently investigated in prior studies. Here, the anxiety-reducing potential of calm music combined with theta ABS was examined in a large sample of participants.

Methods

An open-label randomized controlled trial was conducted with participants taking anxiolytics (n = 163). Participants were randomly assigned using the Qualtrics randomizer algorithm, to a single session of sound-based treatment in one of four parallel arms: combined (music & ABS; n = 39), music-alone (n = 36), ABS-alone (n = 41), or pink noise (control; n = 47). Pre- and post-intervention somatic and cognitive state anxiety measures were collected along with trait anxiety, personality measures and musical preferences. The study was completed online using a custom application.

Results

Based on trait anxiety scores participants were separated into moderate and high trait anxiety sub-groups. Among participants with moderate trait anxiety, we observed reductions in somatic anxiety that were greater in combined and music-alone conditions than in the pink noise condition; and reductions in cognitive state anxiety that were greater in the combined condition than in the music-alone, ABS-alone, and pink noise conditions. While we also observed reductions in somatic and cognitive state anxiety in participants with high trait anxiety, the conditions were not well differentiated.

Conclusions

Sound-based treatments are effective in reducing somatic and cognitive state anxiety. For participants with moderate trait anxiety, combined conditions were most efficacious.
Tourists perceptions of Caribbean islands facing environmental threats before the COVID-19 health crisis: Holbox Island and Archipelago of Bocas del Toro
Authors: Rubio-Cisneros Nadia T. , Montero-Muñoz Jorge L. , Rubio-Cisneros Igor I. , Morales-Ojeda Sara , Pech Mónica , Ruiz-Ayma Gabriel , Rueda-Flores Marisol , Baker Rachel , Jiménez Armando , Fuentes Karen , González-Rojas José I.
Published: March 2022

Knowledge gaps exist in the socio-ecological systems of small touristic islands in Latin America. Understanding tourists’ perceptions of their environmental knowledge can help plan actions to prevent natural capital loss necessary for local economies. Tourists’ perceptions of a touristic hotspot, Holbox Island, were documented. Surveys demonstrated that tourists are aware of their environmental impacts and are interested in minimizing these. Results were compared with results on Bocas del Toro, Panama. Tourists’ perceptions had similarities among sites driven by similarities in tourists’ populations with a common geographic origin. Tourists lack site-specific knowledge to steer them towards environmentally conscious decisions in both regions. Findings suggest the need to promote local actions to gain tourists’ understanding about their destination and support education programs on island conservation. Addressing these needs can help build resilience to overcome the adverse socio-environmental effects of tourism, environmental disasters, and health crises as COVID-19 on small islands.
Outcomes of a controlled trial with visiting therapy dog teams on pain in adults in an emergency department
Authors: Carey Ben , Dell Colleen Anne , Stempien James , Tupper Susan , Rohr Betty , Carr Eloise , Cruz Maria , Acoose Sharon , Butt Peter , Broberg Lindsey , Collard Lisa , Fele-Slaferek Logan , Fornssler Cathie , Goodridge Donna , Gunderson Janet , McKenzie Holly , Rubin Joe , Shand Jason , Smith Jane , Trask Jason , Ukrainetz Kerry , Meier Simona
Published: March 2022

Context

Pain is a primary reason individuals attend an Emergency Department (ED), and its management is a concern.

Objectives

Change in symptoms and physiologic variables at 3 time points pre-post a ten-minute St. John Ambulance therapy dog team visit compared to no visit in ED patients who experienced pain.

Design, setting and participants

Using a controlled clinical trial design, pain, anxiety, depression and well-being were measured with the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (revised version) (ESAS-r) 11-point rating scales before, immediately after, and 20 minutes post- therapy dog team visit with Royal University Hospital ED patients participating in the study (n = 97). Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded at the time points. Control data was gathered twice (30 minutes apart) for comparison (n = 101). There were no group differences in age, gender or ethnicity among the control and intervention groups (respectively mean age 59.5/57.2, ethnicity 77.2% Caucasian/87.6%, female 43.6% /39.2%, male 56.4%/60.8%,).

Intervention

10 minute therapy dog team visit in addition to usual care.

Main outcome measures

Change in reported pain from pre and post therapy dog team visit and comparison with a control group.

Results

A two-way ANOVA was conducted to compare group effects. Significant pre- post-intervention differences were noted in pain for the intervention (mean changeint.= -0.9, SD = 2.05, p = .004, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.42, 1.32], ηp2= 04) but not the control group. Anxiety (mean changeint.= -1.13, SD = 2.80, p = .005, 95% CI = [0.56, 1.64], ηp2= .04), depression (mean changeint.= -0.72, SD = 1.71, p = .002, 95% CI = [0.39, 1.11], ηp2= .047), and well-being ratings (mean changeint.= -0.87, SD = 1.84, p < .001, 95% CI = [0.49, 1.25], ηp2= .07) similarly improved for the intervention group only. There were no pre-post intervention differences in blood pressure or heart rate for either group. Strong responders to the intervention (i.e. >50% reduction) were observed for pain (43%), anxiety (48%), depression (46%), and well-being (41%).

Conclusions

Clinically significant changes in pain as well as significant changes in anxiety, depression and well-being were observed in the therapy dog intervention compared to control. The findings of this novel study contribute important knowledge towards the potential value of ED therapy dogs to affect patients’ experience of pain, and related measures of anxiety, depression and well-being.

Trial registration

This controlled clinical trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, registration numberNCT04727749.
An observational analysis of the trope “A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant” and other cut-and-paste statistical methods
Authors: White Nicole M. , Balasubramaniam Thirunavukarasu , Nayak Richi , Barnett Adrian G.
Published: March 2022

Appropriate descriptions of statistical methods are essential for evaluating research quality and reproducibility. Despite continued efforts to improve reporting in publications, inadequate descriptions of statistical methods persist. At times, reading statistical methods sections can conjure feelings ofdèjá vu, with content resembling cut-and-pasted or “boilerplate text” from already published work. Instances of boilerplate text suggest a mechanistic approach to statistical analysis, where the same default methods are being used and described using standardized text. To investigate the extent of this practice, we analyzed text extracted from published statistical methods sections from PLOS ONE and the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR). Topic modeling was applied to analyze data from 111,731 papers published in PLOS ONE and 9,523 studies registered with the ANZCTR. PLOS ONE topics emphasized definitions of statistical significance, software and descriptive statistics. One in three PLOS ONE papers contained at least 1 sentence that was a direct copy from another paper. 12,675 papers (11%) closely matched to the sentence “a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant”. Common topics across ANZCTR studies differentiated between study designs and analysis methods, with matching text found in approximately 3% of sections. Our findings quantify a serious problem affecting the reporting of statistical methods and shed light on perceptions about the communication of statistics as part of the scientific process. Results further emphasize the importance of rigorous statistical review to ensure that adequate descriptions of methods are prioritized over relatively minor details such as p-values and software when reporting research outcomes.
Gender differences in time use across age groups: A study of ten industrialized countries, 2005–2015
Authors: García Román Joan , Gracia Pablo
Published: March 2022

This study uses largescale cross-national time-diary data from the Multinational Time Use Study (MTUS) (N = 201,972) covering the period from 2005 to 2015 to examine gender differences in time use by age groups. The study compares ten industrialized countries across Asia, Europe, and North America. In all ten countries, gender differences in time use are smaller in personal care, sleeping and meals, followed by leisure time (including screen-based leisure and active leisure), and largest in housework, care work and paid work activities. Gender disparities in time use are higher in South Korea, Hungary, and Italy, followed closely by Spain, with moderate gender gaps in Western European countries like France and Netherlands, and lowest differences in Finland and Anglo-Saxon countries, including Canada, US, and the UK. Gender differences in housework and caring time increase from adolescence (10–17 years) to early adulthood (18–29 years), showing strong gender gaps in early/middle adulthood (30–44 years), but narrow again during late adulthood (65 years or older). However, the age gradient in care work and housework is most pronounced in Italy and South Korea, being less prominent in Canada and Finland. Gender gaps in paid work are larger in early/middle adulthood (30–44) and middle/late adulthood (45–64), with strongest age gradients observed in the Netherlands and weaker gradients for the US. Gender differences in active leisure increase by age, especially in Southern European countries, while screen-based leisure shows more stable gender gaps by age groups across different countries. Overall, this study shows that age and gender intersect strongly in affecting time-use patterns, but also that the national context plays an important role in shaping gender-age interactions in time use allocation.
The psychoactive effects of Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken leaves in young zebrafish
Authors: Martins Fernandes Pereira Kassia , Calheiros de Carvalho Ana , André Moura Veiga Thiago , Melgoza Adam , Bonne Hernández Raúl , dos Santos Grecco Simone , Uchiyama Nakamura Mary , Guo Su
Published: March 2022

Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken (BP) is a plant that is used worldwide to treat inflammation, infections, anxiety, restlessness, and sleep disorders. While it is known that BP leaves are rich in flavonoids, the extent of the beneficial and toxic effects of its crude extracts remains unclear. Although some neurobehavioral studies using leaf extracts have been conducted, none has examined the effects of water-extracted leaf samples. The zebrafish is a powerful animal model used to gain insights into the efficacy and toxicity profiles of this plant due to its high fecundity, external development, and ease of performing behavioral assays. In this study, we performed behavioral testing after acute exposure to different concentrations of aqueous extract from leaves of B. pinnatum (LABP) on larval zebrafish, investigating light/dark preference, thigmotaxis, and locomotor activity parameters under both normal and stressed conditions. LABP demonstrated dose-and time-dependent biphasic effects on larval behavior. Acute exposure (25 min) to 500 mg/L LABP resulted in decreased locomotor activity. Exposure to 300 mg/L LABP during the sleep cycle decreased dark avoidance and thigmotaxis while increasing swimming velocity. After sleep deprivation, the group treated with 100 mg/L LABP showed decreased dark avoidance and increased velocity. After a heating stressor, the 30 mg/L and 300 mg/L LABP-treated groups showed decreased dark avoidance. These results suggest both anxiolytic and psychoactive effects of LABP in a dose-dependent manner in a larval zebrafish model. These findings provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying relevant behavioral effects, consequently supporting the safe and effective use of LABP for the treatment of mood disorders.
Attitude of health professionals towards COVID-19 vaccination and associated factors among health professionals, Western Ethiopia: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Tolossa Tadesse , Wakuma Bizuneh , Turi Ebisa , Mulisa Diriba , Ayala Diriba , Fetensa Getahun , Mengist Belayneh , Abera Gebeyehu , Merdassa Atomssa Emiru , Seyoum Dejene , Shibiru Tesfaye , Getahun Ayantu
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Even though people of the world were eagerly waiting for the hope of vaccine development, vaccine hesitancy is becoming the top concern in both developed and developing countries. However, there is no adequate evidence regarding the attitude and perception of health professionals towards the COVID 19 vaccine in resource-limited settings like Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to assess health professionals’ attitudes and perceptions towards COVID 19 vaccine in Western Ethiopia.

Methods

An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among health care workers found in Nekemte town from April 14–21, 2021. A total of 439 health professionals present on duty during the study period was included in the study. The data were collected by using self-administered questionnaire. Epidata version 3.2 was used for data entry, and STATA version 14 was used for data analysis. The binary logistic regression model was employed to determine factors associated with the attitude towards COVID-19 vaccination. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals was computed and statistical significance was declared at a 5% level (p-value < 0.05).

Result

A total of 431 health professionals participated in the study yielding a response rate of 98.1%. The results indicated that 51.28% (95%CI: 45.12%, 57.34%) of health professionals had a favorable attitude towards COVID-19 vaccination. Having good knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine (AOR = 0.38, 95%CI: 0.22, 0.64, P-value <0.001) was negatively associated with unfavorable attitude towards COVID-19 vaccine, whereas age less than 30 years (AOR = 2.14, 95%CI:1.25,3.67, P-value <0.001), working in a private clinic (AOR = 7.77, 95% CI: 2.19, 27.58, P-value <0.001) and health center (AOR = 2.45, 95%CI: 1.01, 5.92, P-value = 0.045) were positively associated with unfavorable attitude towards COVID-19 vaccine.

Conclusion and recommendation

In general, the attitude and perception of health care professionals toward the COVID-19 vaccine in the study area were unsatisfactory. Knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine, age of health care workers, and place of work are the factors which affects attitude towards COVID-19 vaccine. Thus, we recommend the media outlets and concerned bodies to work to develop trust among the public by disseminating accurate and consistent information about the vaccine.
Study on influence of external factors on the electrical excitability of PC12 quasi-neuronal networks through Voltage Threshold Measurement Method
Authors: Lü Xiao-Ying , Meng Chen , An Shuai , Zhao Yong-Fang , Wang Zhi-Gong
Published: March 2022

The aim of this paper was to investigate the influence of four different external factors (acetylcholine, ethanol, temperature and lidocaine hydrochloride) on PC12 quasi-neuronal networks by multielectrode-array-based Voltage Threshold Measurement Method (VTMM). At first, VTMM was employed to measure the lowest amplitude of the voltage stimulating pulses that could just trigger the action potential from PC12 quasi-neuronal networks under normal conditions, and the amplitude was defined as the normal voltage threshold (VTh). Then the changes of the VTh of PC12 quasi-neuronal networks treated by the four external factors were tested respectively. The results showed the normal VTh of PC12 quasi-neuronal networks was 36 mV. The VTh has negative correlation with the concentration of acetylcholine and has positive correlation with the concentration of ethanol. The curves of the correlation of the VTh with temperature and the concentration of lidocaine hydrochloride were U-shaped and Λ-shaped respectively. Comparing with our earlier studies on hippocampal neuronal networks and hippocampal slices, PC12 quasi-neuronal networks not only had the same typical voltage threshold characteristic, but also had similar changes on electrical excitability when treated by the four external factors mentioned above. Therefore, the rapid-formed PC12 quasi-neuronal networks could replace neuronal networks in proper conditions, and VTMM could be used to analyze the influence of external factors on the electrical excitability of PC12 quasi-neuronal networks.
Shared water facilities and risk of COVID-19 in resource-poor settings: A transmission modelling study
Authors: Hayashi Michael A. L. , Boerger Savannah , Zou Kaiyue , Simon Sophia , Freeman Matthew C. , Eisenberg Joseph N. S.
Published: March 2022

Shared water facilities are widespread in resource-poor settings within low- and middle-income countries. Since gathering water is essential, shared water sites may act as an important COVID-19 transmission pathway, despite stay-at-home recommendations. This analysis explores conditions under which shared water facility utilization may influence COVID-19 transmission. We developed two SEIR transmission models to explore COVID-19 dynamics. The first describes an urban setting, where multiple water sites are shared within a community, and the second describes a rural setting, where a single water site is shared among communities. We explored COVID-19 mitigation strategies including social distancing and adding additional water sites. Increased water site availability and social distancing independently attenuate attack rate and peak outbreak size through density reduction. In combination, these conditions result in interactive risk reductions. When water sharing intensity is high, risks are high regardless of the degree of social distancing. Even moderate reductions in water sharing can enhance the effectiveness of social distancing. In rural contexts, we observe similar but weaker effects. Enforced social distancing and density reduction at shared water sites can be an effective and relatively inexpensive mitigation effort to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission. Building additional water sites is more expensive but can increase the effectiveness of social distancing efforts at the water sites. As respiratory pathogen outbreaks—and potentially novel pandemics—will continue, infrastructure planning should consider the health benefits associated with respiratory transmission reduction when prioritizing investments.
App-based motorbike taxi driver: The career trend in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam from 2021-2026
Authors: Ngo Huu Tien
Published: March 2022

Recently, app-based motorbike taxi drivers have been one of Vietnam's most popular jobs, especially in Ho Chi Minh City. This is a job with simple requirements and a stable income, and it makes travelling convenient for city dwellers and is a source of livelihood for many people of this largest city. The aim of this paper is to prove that app-base motorbike taxi driver is the career trend in Ho Chi Minh City from 2021 to 2026 by using a literature review method because the method used in this paper is supported by relevant sources. Although severely affected by the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic during the past two years like other occupations, technology motorbikes taxi driver will still attract many people in the next five years. Keywords: app-based motorbike taxi, driver, Ho Chi Minh City, career trend, from 2021 to 2026.
Estudos sobre a relação entre gramática e língua
Authors: Araujo Leandro Silveira de , Zamorano Aguilar Alfonso , Vieira Francisco Eduardo
Published: March 2022

Apresentação de número temático.
Reflexões teórico-práticas sobre o ensino de variação linguística em língua portuguesa
Authors: Peres Gilberto Antonio , Floripi Simone Azevedo
Published: March 2022

Este artigo traz uma reflexão sobre o fenômeno da variação e normas linguísticas empregadas na sociedade a partir de embasamento teórico da pedagogia da variação linguística e norteada pelas orientações de documentos oficiais brasileiros atuais, como os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (BRASIL, 1998) e a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BRASIL, 2017) com relação às perspectivas associadas. A discussão está embasada em uma proposta de ensino efetivamente realizada em que alunos do 8º ano do Ensino Fundamental, a partir do contato com os conceitos de variação linguística, se apropriaram desses conhecimentos e produziram tiras, incorporando vivências de interação social em suas produções textuais. Os personagens escolhidos para a elaboração e aplicação da proposta são da Turma do Xaxado, de Antônio Cedraz. Para o desenvolvimento das atividades foram adotados os procedimentos da pesquisa- ação (THIOLLENT, 1986) cuja metodologia articula a produção de conhecimentos com a ação educativa. O objetivo deste trabalho é evidenciar uma proposta de  ensino  efetiva  que aborde a língua como um fenômeno variável por meio do gênero tiras. Para isso, fundamentamo-nos em pesquisas científicas que enfocam um ensino de base sociolinguística, tais como Bortoni-Ricardo (2004, 2005), Faraco (2008), Bagno (2007, 2013); Coelho et al. (2015) e Silva (2001).  Ao analisar as tiras produzidas pelos discentes, objetivamos evidenciar suas percepções  em relação à língua como um fenômeno heterogêneo e corroborar a eficácia de propostas de ensino pautadas na perspectiva científica da sociolinguística educacional.
Subsídios para uma noção sociolinguística de estilo para textos escritos
Authors: Souza Adriano de , Geribone Viviane de Vargas
Published: March 2022

Revisitamos os conceitos de norma culta e de estilo monitorado em textos escritos para discutir a pertinência de uma noção sociolinguística de estilo para textos escritos. Para tanto, revisamos a literatura sociolinguística sobre estilo a partir de Labov (1966); Bell (1984) e Eckert (2000; 2008); Moore (2004) e Mendoza-Denton (2001) e apresentamos a discussão motivada por Coulmas (2014) sobre um suposto desinteresse dos estudos linguísticos e sociolinguísticos em tomar as produções escritas como objeto de análise. Em seguida, tendo em vista a discussão de Faraco (2008) e Preti (1999) sobre norma culta escrita, apresentamos resultados de análise linguística de um corpus composto por 12 textos de opinião, de jornal de circulação nacional, com vistas a observar o comportamento das variáveis ‘recuperação de antecedente textual por complemento verbal’ e ‘construção de orações relativas’. Por fim, como contribuição à discussão teórica, articulada à discussão dos resultados, argumentamos sobre a necessidade da revisão do conceito de monitoração estilística como critério balizador da norma culta escrita, propondo um enfoque que privilegie a noção de agência estilística e, finalmente, especulando sobre o que (dessa discussão) pode interessar à educação linguística e à pedagogia da variação linguística.
Influências do Paradigma Tradicional de Gramatização no ensino
Authors: Mello Adriene Ferreira de
Published: March 2022

O presente estudo parte da hipótese de que o Paradigma Tradicional de Gramatização (PTG) influencia diretamente na abordagem dos fatos linguísticos com fins pedagógicos e busca desenvolver uma análise das classes substantivo e adjetivo em manuais didáticos contemporâneos. Em um primeiro momento, apresenta-se o surgimento e a evolução do PTG no contexto brasileiro; depois, discutem-se os principais problemas evidenciados no ensino das classes de palavras da Língua Portuguesa; e, por fim, desenvolve-se a análise da abordagem dos substantivos e adjetivos em um manual didático de 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental II, sob a ótica das postulações Neves (2017). Para isso, será realizada uma pesquisa inicialmente bibliográfica e qualitativa, no que tange à análise tecida. Como conclusões, constatou-se que os livros didáticos ainda apresentam definições incipientes para as classes dos substantivos e adjetivos, com problemas relativos à confusão de critérios e fluidez de categorias.
Gramática da Intercompreensão
Authors: Rammé Valdilena
Published: March 2022

O presente artigo pretende refletir sobre a relação entre língua e gramática no âmbito das abordagens plurais, e mais precisamente da didática da intercompreensão. A tese que se defende neste texto sugere que o ensino de gramática através do trabalho com diferentes línguas estrangeiras em paralelo pode proporcionar uma aprendizagem de línguas mais significativa. Ao se analisar exercícios gramaticais em materiais didáticos de intercompreensão, chega-se à conclusão que a didática da intercompreensão permite uma prática pedagógica da gramática mais consciente e contextualizada, que não só valoriza o repertório linguístico do(a) estudante, como também mobiliza seus conhecimentos prévios para apoiar a aprendizagem da(s) nova(s) línguas estrangeiras ou adicionais. Esta breve reflexão é concluída com uma discussão sobre o potencial pedagógico da adoção de uma abordagem plurilíngue para o ensino de línguas estrangeiras. São apresentadas, nesse sentido, algumas reflexões sobre os benefícios e também os desafios que a didática da intercompreensão aporta para o trabalho de professores e professoras de LE.
El concepto de norma aplicado a la enseñanza de español y sus variedades lingüísticas en el contexto brasileño
Authors: Venâncio da Silva Bruno Rafael Costa
Published: March 2022

Este artículo tiene la intención de discutir el concepto de norma aplicado a la enseñanza de español en el contexto brasileño, especialmente respecto a la inserción de fenómenos de variación lingüística en el aula. Tratamos la norma lingüística a partir de dos líneas de trabajo definidas por Deoclécio y Bagno (2021): la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras desde una perspectiva policéntrica y la educación lingüística para fomentar la tolerancia y combatir el prejuicio lingüístico. Para realizar este trabajo, nuestro marco teórico se compone de investigadores brasileños e hispanohablantes que discuten la norma a partir de esos dos ejes como Andión, (2008), Bagno (2003), Fanjul (2011), Faraco y Zilles (2017) y Moreno Fernández (2007, 2008). De este modo, hemos podido conocer y diferenciar los procesos de estandarización del español y del portugués con miras a que los profesores de español de Brasil sean conscientes de las diferentes normas lingüísticas presentes en ambas lenguas. Consideramos que ese conocimiento es útil para la inserción de contenidos de variación lingüística a partir de una perspectiva pluricéntrica para la enseñanza de español propuesta por Andión (2005, 2007), Andión y Casado (2014), Venâncio da Silva y Andión (2019) y Venâncio da Silva (2020).
A alfabetização de jovens e adultos no PEE/AM (2015-2025)
Authors: Medeiros Adriana Francisca de
Published: March 2022

O artigo examina as metas destinadas à alfabetização de jovens e adultos no Plano Estadual de Educação (PEE) do Amazonas e os desafios para sua implementação. Para realizar esta análise, tomamos como referência o PEE/AM (2015-2025) e o relatório anual de monitoramento e avaliação do Plano (2015-2018). Trata-se de uma pesquisa básica, de análise qualitativa, de caráter descritivo, que se insere na categoria de pesquisas de tipo documental. Procuramos evidenciar as discrepâncias entre o prescrito e o efetivado, como também os fatores que contribuem para a perpetuação de um quadro de exclusão social de jovens, adultos e idosos, em um estado que apresenta um índice de analfabetismo de 7,3% pela reduzida capilaridade de políticas educacionais ante a demanda.
Interdisciplinaridade: para além da Filosofia do Sujeito
Authors: Alonso Luri Braga , Souza Cleyton Ferreira de , Vilela Marcos Vinícius Ferreira
Published: March 2022

A obra coletiva Interdisciplinaridade: para além da filosofia do sujeito é uma coletânea de textos escritos por importantes estudiosos do campo da Filosofia, da Epistemologia e da Pedagogia, que se propõe a refletir sobre a relação entre educação e interdisciplinaridade. No decurso dos dez capítulos que compõem o livro, os estudiosos trazem importantes contribuições para a elaboração de uma concepção crítica de interdisciplinaridade. Essa nova visão se contrapõe à concepção hegemônica que, segundo os autores, se consubstancia na “filosofia do sujeito”, a qual tende a privilegiar a ação do sujeito sobre o objeto do conhecimento.
Políticas públicas de ações afirmativas: desafios enfrentados por indígenas discentes na graduação da Universidade Federal do Pará
Authors: Braga Gabriel Silva , Cardoso Denise Machado
Published: March 2022

A luta dos povos indígenas ganhou destaque em atuações conjuntas com outros movimentos sociais no período da Ditadura Militar (1964-1985). Dentre as pautas reivindicadas, o acesso às universidades é uma das principais. Na Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), essa medida se concretizou em 2010, com o Processo Seletivo Especial (PSE). Neste artigo, pretende-se identificar quais são os desafios enfrentados na UFPA pelos indígenas discentes durante a graduação. Para realizar esta pesquisa, entrevistaram-se cinco graduandos. Assim, observou-se que a discriminação vivenciada nos espaços de sala de aula (tanto por discentes, quanto por docentes), a falta de preparo dos funcionários da universidade e a burocracia de editais para assistência estudantil são problemas enfrentados durante a graduação.
Entrevista - Ações Afirmativas no Ensino Superior brasileiro: uma análise da trajetória política
Authors: Jeffrey Debora Cristina
Published: March 2022

Entrevista concedida pela Prof.ª Drª. Maria Alice Rezende Gonçalves, da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Pós-Doutora em Antropologia (École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales e UFRJ), que realiza um balanço das políticas de ações afirmativas, sua trajetória política e histórica, com reflexões significativas no que tange à Lei nº 12.711/2012 (Lei de Cotas), Comissão de Heteroidentificação, Núcleo de Estudos Afro-brasileiro e Indígena (NEABI), bem como os desafios existentes em relação ao seu futuro.
Neuroeducación
Authors: Burgueño López Jorge
Published: March 2022

Nuestro cerebro demanda condiciones óptimas para que exista un aprendizaje eficaz y duradero. Los altos niveles de estrés y las situaciones de ansiedad perjudican los procesos atencionales y de memoria, necesarios para aprender, por lo que debemos facilitar a los alumnos estrategias que les ayuden a serenar y relajar el cerebro.
La sociedad civil organizada es clave para lograr políticas públicas a favor de la educación para la ciudadanía global
Authors: Romero Álvaro Macarena
Published: March 2022

El artículo presenta la iniciativa de acción política para impulsar la educación para la ciudadanía global en el sistema educativo español por parte de las administraciones: el Movimiento 4.7. Desde el liderazgo colectivo, el Movimiento se configura como un espacio de encuentro y construcción conjunta entre sectores diversos —ONG, movimientos ciudadanos, plataformas, redes, sindicatos— para impulsar la necesidad de incorporar, medir y financiar adecuadamente la educación para la ciudadanía global en España a nivel local, autonómico y nacional.
Students’ Perceptions of a Token Economy in an Undergraduate Science Flipped Class-Room
Authors: Gomez Cara J. , Gautam Chetanath , Rothermel Megan , Olsen Julia
Published: March 2022

Abstract: Engaging students in higher education is a critical aspect of student learning (Barkley, 2009; Coates, 2005).Flipped classroom are being reported in the literature as a means to engage students in the learning process, compared to traditional lectures (O’Flaherty & Phillips, 2015). However, flipped classrooms are difficult to implement without students taking an active role in the learning process (Long, Cummins, & Waugh, 2017). Token economies, which are widely used in primary school settings but rarely reported in higher educational settings, enable instructors to provide students with rewards to reinforce targeted student behaviors (Hine, Ardoin, & Call, 2018; McClurg & Morris, 2014), and may be useful in the flipped classroom model. In this mixed methods case study, the researchers collected survey and focus group data from 48 undergraduate students who attended a science course with a token economy to determine the students’ perceptions of the token economy and satisfaction of the novel rewards offered. The findings indicated that over 90% of the students participated in the token economy and 74% of students indicated that the reward system reinforced the student behaviors necessary for an effective flipped classroom. The students also discussed how the token economy provided motivation and additional opportunities to master course content, decreased student anxiety, and enhanced the student-teacher relationship.
La cuestión de la referencia: la tensión entre el “internismo quineano” y la tesis de Lexternismo mínimo
Authors: Ramirez Motoa Camilo
Published: March 2022

En este artículo analizo el reto que la tesis de la indeterminación referencial quineana supone para un conjunto concreto de teorías externistas de la referencia. En un primer momento, se presenta una distinción metasemántica entre teorías productivas e inter-pretativistas, indicando que la indeterminación permea a ambas. Posteriormente, se evalúan los intentos externistas de rebatir dicho problema al acentuar el rol sustantivo de los objetos externos en la fijación de la referencia señalando que, a pesar de todo, el problema persiste. Finalmente, se analiza la concepción “internista” de la referencia quineana que, en principio, socava los argumentos externistas en torno a la referencia.
Manipulabilidad: una comprensión filosófica de la historia de los receptores bioquímicos
Authors: Alassia Fiorela , Córdoba Revah Mariana
Published: March 2022

La postulación de la existencia de receptores bioquímicos permite brindar una ex-plicación satisfactoria para muchos procesos biológicos a nivel celular, como, por ejemplo, el mecanismo de acción de la mayoría de las drogas de acción específica. No obstante, el concepto de receptor fue considerado durante mucho tiempo como carente de referente objetivo, e incluso avanzada la segunda mitad del siglo XX aún existía escepticismo acerca de su existencia. A partir del debate filosófico entre realistas y antirrealistas científicos, indagaremos si la cuestión del realismo permite arrojar luz sobre la historia del concepto de receptor bioquímico. Evaluaremos qué posiciones particulares en el marco del debate permiten comprender tanto la evolución del con-cepto de receptor como la práctica científica sobre los receptores. Argumentaremos que el caso de los receptores puede ser elucidado aceptando un realismo científico de entidades que considera la manipulabilidad como criterio de existencia –siguiendo a Ian Hacking–. Guiará nuestro trabajo una pregunta estrictamente filosófica: ¿existen los receptores bioquímicos?
Effect of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Transection on the Inorganic Component of Molars of Rat Mandible
Authors: Němec Ivo , Smrčka Václav , Mihaljevič Martin , Hill Martin , Pokorný Jaroslav , Páral Václav , Pračková Ivana
Published: March 2022

The objective of the study was to determine the effects of inferior alveolar nerve transection on inorganic components in mandibular molars of the rat. We used 26 male laboratory rats of the Wistar strain for the study, age 7–9 weeks. The rats were divided in three groups. The control group (intact) included 6 rats. The surgery was performed under general anesthesia. The experimental group included (group with the nerve transected on the left) included 12 rats. The sham group (group with the nerve prepared without transection) included 8 rats. The animals were sacrificed after 4 weeks. Molars from the left and right sides of the mandible were extracted. Element content levels were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The following elements were determined in all samples: magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn), and strontium (Sr). The nerve transection caused: a reduction of the contents of Ca and Sr in the mandibular molars; an increase in the contents of Mg and Zn; a difference arrangement of both sides for Na. The surgery approach itself caused a decrease in the contents of Na and K in the experimental and sham groups; the difference in K in M3 between the left and right sides disappeared due to the surgery. Our results have confirmed the hypothesis of inferior alveolar nerve transection having an effect on inorganic components in mandibular molars in the rat.
Documentary linguists and risk communication: views from the virALLanguages project experience
Authors: Di Carlo Pierpaolo , Lukschy Leonore , Rey Sydney , Vita Vasiliki
Published: March 2022

Linguists are seldom, if ever, engaged in work aimed at communicating risk to the general public. The COVID-19 global pandemic and its associated infodemic may change this state of affairs, at least for documentary linguists. Documenting languages may bring researchers in direct contact with communities speaking minority or marginalized languages and gain key insights into their communicative ecologies. By being both immersed in local networks and more or less knowledgeable about the community’s communicative habits, documentary linguists appear to be placed in a unique position to contribute to communicating risk in ways that are better tailored to the community and, therefore, potentially quite effective locally. Furthermore, adding work in risk communication to their agenda may also stimulate documentary linguists to find new models for “giving back” to the communities they work with. In order to provide a concrete example of how all this may play out in concrete terms, we illustrate the virALLanguages project.