bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Upper Triangular Forms for Commuting Operators in a Finite von Neumann Algebra
Authors: Charlesworth Ian , Dykema Ken , Sukochev Fedor , Zanin Dmitriy
Published: May 2019

The joint Brown measure and joint Haagerup–Schultz projections for tuples of commuting operators in a von Neumann algebra equipped with a faithful tracial state are investigated, and several natural properties are proved for these. It is shown that the support of the joint Brown measure is contained in the Taylor joint spectrum of the tuple, and also in the ostensibly smaller left Harte spectrum. A simultaneous upper triangularization result for finite commuting tuples is proved, and the joint Brown measure and joint Haagerup–Schultz projections are shown to behave well under the Arens multivariate holomorphic functional calculus of such a commuting tuple.
System for psychophysical measurements of two-photon vision
Authors: Zielińska Agnieszka , Kiluk Karolina , Wojtkowski Maciej , Komar Katarzyna
Published: May 2019

Two-photon absorption occurring in photoreceptors of human eye is responsible for perception of pulsed infrared laser beams. Color of perceived light corresponds to about half of wavelength of stimulating beam. This recently discovered phenomenon is called two-photon vision. However it is yet not clear how such phenomena could impact an ophthalmic diagnosis and therefore further studies are required. In this paper we present the system that enables future psychophysical experiments to extend knowledge about two-photon vision and its diagnostic value by identifying differences between two-photon and single-photon vision. Full Text: PDF ReferencesD. A. Atchison, G. Smith, Optics of the human eye (Butterworth-Heinemann 2000) CrossRef G. Palczewska et al. "Human infrared vision is triggered by two-photon chromophore isomerization", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111, 1428 (2014). CrossRef P. Artal, S. Manzanera, K. Komar, A. Gambín-Regadera, M. Wojtkowski, "Visual acuity in two-photon infrared vision", Optica 4, 1488 (2017). CrossRef K. Komar et al. "Posterior Eye Shape Measurement With Retinal OCT Compared to MRI", Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 57, 196 (2016). CrossRef K. Komar et al. "Two-photon visual sensitivity of human cones - a psychophysical study", Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 59, 4049 (2018). DirectLink S. A. Burns,R.H. Webb, Handbook of optics 28 (New York, McGraw Hill 1994) DirectLink R. W. Nygaard, T. E. Frumkes, "Calibration of the retinal illuminance provided by maxwellian views", Vision Research (1982) CrossRef P. Melillo et al. "Pupillometric analysis for assessment of gene therapy in Leber Congenital Amaurosis patients", Biomedical engineering online 11, 40 (2012) CrossRef P. A. Stanley, A. K. Davies, "The effect of field of view size on steady-state pupil diameter", Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 15, 601 (1995) CrossRef S. Mathôt, "Pupil mimicry is the result of brightness perception of the iris and pupil" Journal of Cognition 1 (2018) CrossRef M. M. Thomas, T. D. Lamb, "Light adaptation and dark adaptation of human rod photoreceptors measured from the a‐wave of the electroretinogram", The Journal of physiology 518, 479 (1999) CrossRef
Determination of the optimal extrusion temperature of the PMMA optical fibers
Authors: Niedźwiedź Malwina Julita , Gil Małgorzata , Gargol Mateusz , Podkościelny Wiesław Marian , Mergo Paweł
Published: May 2019

The aim of this work was to determine optimal extrusion temperature for polymer optical fibers. For preliminary studies poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) granulate was used. Samples of commercially available PMMA were subjected to four different temperatures in which were kept in oven for three different period of time. To examine the changes in the chemical structure of the polymer, an ATR-FT-IR (Attenuation Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) was chosen. Full Text: PDF ReferencesK. Peters, "Polymer optical fiber sensors—a review", Smart Mater. Struct. 20, 013002 (2011) CrossRef O. Ziemann, J. Krauser, P.E. Zamzow, W. Daum, "POF Polymer Optical Fibers for Data Communication" (New York, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2002). CrossRef M.A. van Eijkelenborg, M.C.J. Large, A. Argyros, J. Zagari, S. Manos, N.A. Issa, I. Bassett, S. Fleming, R.C. McPhedran, C. Martijn de Sterke, N.A.P. Nicorovici, "Microstructured polymer optical fibre", Opt Express 9, 319 (2001). CrossRef O. Çetinkaya, G. Wojcik, P. Mergo, "Decreasing diameter fluctuation of polymer optical fiber with optimized drawing conditions", Mater Res Express 5, 1 (2018). CrossRef P. Mergo, M. Gil, K. Skorupski, J. Klimek, G. Wójcik, J. Pędzisz, J. Kopec, K. Poruraj, L. Czyzewska, A. Walewski, A. Gorgol, "Low loss poly(methyl methacrylate) useful in polymer optical fibres technology", Phot. Lett. Poland, 5, 170 (2013). CrossRef J. Grdadolnik, "ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy: Its advantages and limitations", Acta Chim Slov. 49, 631 (2002). DirectLink P. Borowski, S. Pasieczna-Patkowska, M. Barczak, K. Pilorz, "Theoretical Determination of the Infrared Spectra of Amorphous Polymers", J Phys Chem A 116, 7424 (2012). CrossRef G. Socrates, "Infrared and Raman Characteristic Group Frequencies Tables and Charts" Third Edition (Baffins Lane Chichester, John Wiley & Sons Ltd 2001). DirectLink W. Schnabel, Polymer Degradation Principles and Practical Applications (Berlin, Akademie-Verlag 1981). DirectLink
Coroamento com papelão para controle de braquiária na formação de povoamento para restauração florestal
Authors: Dias Monique Muniz Monteiro , Santana João Elves da Silva , Leles Paulo Sergio dos Santos , Resende Alexander Silva de , Ribeiro Juçara Garcia
Published: May 2019

A presença de plantas daninhas em povoamentos visando restauração florestal pode ocasionar prejuízos, pois podem comprometer o crescimento de espécies arbóreas. Objetivou-se avaliar a eficácia do coroamento com papelão no controle de Urochloa spp. em área de restauração florestal. Avaliou-se a sobrevivência e crescimento de oito espécies arbóreas nativas e os custos de manutenção de coroamento manual (T1) e coroamento com papelão (T2). Constatou-se que, aos nove meses após o plantio das mudas e colocação do papelão, não houve efeito da presença do papelão sobre a sobrevivência e crescimento das espécies arbóreas. Nesta idade, restava apenas 23% da massa original do papelão. O custo do tratamento com papelão foi 65% superior ao de coroamento manual.
Naringin attenuates high glucose-induced injuries and inflammation by modulating the leptin-JAK2/STAT3 pathway in H9c2 cardiac cells
Authors: Luo Changjun , Ke Xiao , Xiong Si , Sun Yun , Xu Qing , Zhang Wei , Lei Yiyan , Ding Yiqian , Zhen Yulan , Feng Jianqiang , Cheng Fei , Chen Jingfu
Published: May 2019

Introduction

Our previous study showed that naringin (NRG) protects cardiomyocytes against high glucose (HG)-induced injuries by inhibiting p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Leptin induces hypertrophy in rat cardiomyocytes via p38/MAPK activation. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that leptin-Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3), which are responsible for leptin’s functions, are involved in HG-induced injuries and cardioprotective effects of NRG in cardiomyocytes.

Material and methods

H9c2 cells were exposed to HG for 24 h to establish a cardiomyocyte injury model. Cells were pretreated with NRG and other drugs before exposure to HG. Protein expression was measured by western blot analysis. Cell viability was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Apoptotic cells were assessed by Hoechst 33258 staining assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species levels were determined by dichlorofluorescein diacetate staining. Mitochondrial membrane potential was evaluated using JC-1. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to determine the inflammatory cytokines.

Results

NRG significantly attenuated HG-induced increases in leptin and Ob-R expression. Pretreatment with either a leptin antagonist (LA) or NRG markedly ameliorated HG-induced elevation of phosphorylated (p)-JAK2 and p-STAT3, respectively. Pretreatment with NRG, LA, Ob-R antagonist, or AG490 clearly alleviated HG-induced injuries and inflammation.

Conclusions

This study provides new evidence of the NRG protective effects of H9c2 cells against HG-induced injuries possibly via modulation of the leptin-JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
Mesothelin-targeted CAR-T cells for adoptive cell therapy of solid tumors
Authors: Zhang Gui-Zhen , Li Tian-Fang , Han Shuang-Yin
Published: May 2019

Significant progresses have been made in adoptive cell therapy with CAR-T cells for cancers, especially for hematological malignancies. However, the treatment of solid tumors still poses a tremendous challenge and remains an unmet medical need. Several factors are held responsible for the inadequate responses: tumor heterogeneity, inefficient homing of T cells to tumor tissues, immunosuppressive microenvironment and the shortage of specific antigens shortage. Mesothelin is a cell-surface glycoprotein highly expressed in many types of solid tumors. As such, it has attracted much attention as a molecular target in cancer immunotherapy. Here, we delineate the barriers imposed by solid tumors on CARs, outline the rationale of mesothelin as a target for immunotherapy, summarize the preclinical and clinical results of mesothelin-targeted therapies, and extrapolate the expected results of CAR-T cells directed against mesothelin for solid tumors.
Comprehensive psycholexical classification of Polish person-descriptive terms
Authors: Gorbaniuk Oleg , Korczak Anna , Toruj Nasturcja , Czarnejko Anna , Macheta Krystian , Jałoszewska Magdalena , Charęzińska-Nowocień Małgorzata , Karpiński Rafał , Garwoliński Łukasz , Misiuro Tomasz , Zygnerska Milena , Bojan Iwona , Rykowska Karolina , Wawrzaszek Paula , Jeliński Juliusz , Hawryluk Marta
Published: May 2019

Background

Lexical research based on the assumption that all the main human characteristics are encoded in the natural language constitutes one of the alternative ways of developing a taxonomy of individual differences in psychology. The majority of studies to date, including Polish ones, have been restricted to the analysis of the adjective lexicon, which means their results are at risk of reduc-tionism. The aim of the presented research was to develop a classification of the complete Polish lexicon of person-descriptive terms (adjectives, participles, adverbs, nouns, and verbs).

Participants and procedure

We analyzed 100,000 entries found in a universal dictionary of Polish and identified 27,813 terms used to describe human char-acteristics. The identified person-descriptive terms were classified by a team of 13 trained judges into 16 subcategories. The judges’ taxonomic decisions were tested for validity and reliability.

Results

Personality (dispositional) descriptors (5,598) constitute 20.1% of the Polish lexicon of person-descriptors; this includes 1,641 adjectives and participles, 612 adverbs, 1,442 attribute-nouns, 1,029 type-nouns, and 916 verbs. The analysis of the semantic redundancy of terms representing different parts of speech but having the same common morpheme among dispositional de-scriptors revealed 1,979 morphemes with distinct meanings. Only 64% of these morphemes are represented by adjectives.

Conclusions

Adjectives constitute the largest group of personality (dispositional) descriptors but do not account for the entire Polish person-ality lexicon. The results of the study are a point of departure for research into the specificity of the structure of personality de-scriptions in the Polish language using various linguistic categories and for a comprehensive study on the entire Polish personal-ity lexicon.
Relationships between anthropometric parameters and overarm throw in elite beach handball
Authors: Jimenez-Olmedo Jose M. , Penichet-Tomas Alfonso , Becerra Manuel Ortega , Pueo Basilio , Espina-Agullo Jose J.
Published: May 2019

Purpose

Beach handball is a physically demanding sport. The aim of the study was to establish the relationships between anthropometric characteristics and overarm ball speed, a key performance factor.

Methods

Overall, 11 male players from the Spanish beach handball national team were recruited. Throw speed was assessed in 3 throw types: standing throw (ST), standing throw after two steps (RST), and jump throw with a run-up and self-spin (RSST). Pearson correlation was used to determine the correlation between variables. Magnitudes were evaluated qualitatively with magnitude-based inference, and the effects of anthropometric variables on the throw tests were analysed with stepwise multiple regression.

Results

Maximal throw speed was 25.64 ± 4.14 m ∙ s–1 for ST, 23.71 ± 4.24 m ∙ s–1 for RST, and 24.83 ± 5.49 m ∙ s–1 for RSST. Large positive correlations were found between throw speed and middle, ring, and little finger lengths (P4 polygon) (r = 0.66 and 0.61 for ST and RSST, respectively). Very large (r = 0.77) and large (r = 0.68) correlations were observed between ST and RST, respectively, and elbow breadth. These results were likely positive for ST: P4 (76/24/0), elbow epicondyle distance (EED) (91/9/0); and for RST: EED (79/21/0); and possibly positive for RST: P4 (68/32/0). ST and RST were predicted by P4 in 44% and by combining P4 and finger span FS1 in 68%.

Conclusions

ST and RST ball speed in beach handball was related to specific hand/elbow anthropometric characteristics which can be easily measured.
Healthy and unhealthy eating amongst stressed students: considering the influence of mindfulness on eating choices and consumption
Authors: Dutt Simran , Keyte Rebecca , Egan Helen , Hussain Misba , Mantzios Michail
Published: May 2019

Background

Academic stress is associated with (a) increased food intake and (b) choosing calorie-dense food choices in higher education students. In this research, mindfulness was used to alleviate academic stress and, in effect, promote healthier eating behaviours and decision-making.

Participants and procedure

Ninety students were randomly allocated to either a mindfulness or a control condition. Both conditions ex-posed students to a stress-inducing task and levels of anxiety were recorded three times (i.e., prior to and after stress induction, and post-intervention) during the experiment. Chocolate and grapes were available to partici-pants after the experiment as a token of appreciation.

Results

Intention-to-treat analyses revealed that mindfulness had a non-significant effect on increasing consumption of healthy food, but assisted the decrease in consuming unhealthy food when compared to the control group. The main analyses revealed that when mindfulness alleviated stress (i.e., by using the anxiety measurements as a manipulation check), students consumed more healthy food and less unhealthy food.

Conclusions

Mindfulness appears to enable better decision making as regards healthy and unhealthy foods when mindful-ness meditation actually works. While the results appear positive, non-engagement with mindfulness medita-tion may necessitate the availability of other practices to reduce anxiety and stress. Clinical implications and the integration of health and wellbeing initiatives into universities are discussed.
Quantitative magnetic resonance assessment of brain atrophy related to selected aspects of disability in patients with multiple sclerosis: preliminary results
Authors: Marciniewicz Ewelina , Pokryszko-Dragan Anna , Podgórski Przemysław , Małyszczak Krzysztof , Zimny Anna , Kołtowska Anna , Budrewicz Sławomir , Sąsiadek Marek , Bladowska Joanna
Published: May 2019

Purpose

The aim of this volumetric study was to evaluate the relationship between brain atrophy quantification in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and the progression of disability measured by neurological standardised tests.

Material and methods

Seventeen patients (mean age 40.89 years) with clinically definite MS and 24 control subjects (mean age 38.45 years) were enrolled in the study. Brain examinations were performed on a 1.5T MR scanner. Automatic brain segmentation was done using FreeSurfer. Neurological disability was assessed in all patients in baseline and after a median follow-up of two years, using EDSS score evaluation.

Results

In MS patients we found significantly (p < 0.05) higher atrophy rates in many brain areas compared with the control group. The white matter did not show any significant rate of volume loss in MS patients compared to healthy controls. Significant changes were found only in grey matter volume in MS subjects. At the follow-up evaluation after two years MS patients with deterioration in disability revealed significantly decreased cerebral volume in 14 grey matter areas at baseline magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compared to MS subjects without disability progression.

Conclusions

Grey matter atrophy is associated with the degree of disability in MS patients. Our results suggest that morphometric measurements of brain volume could be a promising non-invasive biomarker in assessing the volumetric changes in MS patients as related to disability progression in the course of the disease.
Determination of antibodies in everyday rheumatological practice
Authors: Napiórkowska-Baran Katarzyna , Zalewska Joanna , Jeka Sławomir , Dankiewicz-Fares Iwona , Ziętkiewicz Marcin , Szynkiewicz Ewa , Kołtan Sylwia , Wawrzeńczyk Adam , Więsik-Szewczyk Ewa , Bartuzi Zbigniew
Published: May 2019

Antibody determination is routinely used in everyday rheumatological practice. Its result repeatedly determines the diagnosis or exclusion of a particular disease. Antibodies are immunoglobulins, i.e. some of the most important proteins in the immune system, and have specific properties that we should know. In addition, there are a number of factors that can affect their concentration, including drugs commonly used in the treatment of rheumatic diseases. There are definite indications, when the total concentrations of individual classes of immunoglobulins should be initially determined and it should be evaluated whether the patient produces them at all or their production is impaired. In some cases, we should evaluate the levels of specific antibodies along with the total protein concentration and the -globulin fraction, in which the antibodies are contained. The article presents information on the most common mistakes made when performing these tests.
Dermatitis artefacta mimicking cutaneous vasculitis: case report and literature overview
Authors: Ferri João Victor Vecchi , Araujo Daniel Brito de
Published: May 2019

A 31-year-old Caucasian woman with a history of anxiety disorder presented with chronic ulcerative lesions of the skin in arms and legs, treated initially as cutaneous vasculitis, evolving with relapsing during corticosteroid tapering, was diagnosed, after thorough investigation and no organic disease found, with dermatitis artefacta – a self-inflicted harm due to psychological disorders. Dermatitis artefacta is a rare condition, more frequent in women, in which traumatic skin lesions are caused by the patient him/herself, over accessible parts of the body, due to personality disorders. Clinicians should be aware of this alternative aetiology, especially as a differential diagnosis for refractory cutaneous vasculitis.
Diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties in a patient with chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis coexisting with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Kołodziejczyk Beata , Gazda Agnieszka , Hernik Elżbieta , Szczygielska Izabela , Gietka Piotr , Witkowska Iwona , Płaza Mateusz
Published: May 2019

Chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is a rare autoinflammatory bone disease, affecting mainly children. CNO includes a broad clinical spectrum of symptoms and signs, from mild, limited in time, unifocal osteitis to severe, chronic, active or recurrent, multifocal osteomyelitis. In 2014 diagnostic criteria for CNO were proposed, the Bristol Criteria for the Diagnosis of Chronic Non-bacterial Osteitis, taking into account the clinical picture – location and number of inflammatory foci, characteristic changes on radiological examination (X-ray) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration, and changes in bone biopsy.

The paper presents the case of a four-year-old boy in whom the diagnosis of multifocal osteomyelitis coexisting with ulcerative colitis was established. Attention was paid to the long diagnostic process of the disease, requiring in the first place differentiation with proliferative diseases. The choice of drugs was also a significant problem in the patient described in view of both intolerance of individual preparations and their ineffectiveness.
Complex regional pain syndrome: diagnosis and treatment at the very onset as the key to success? A case report with implications for first contact doctors
Authors: Zych-Litwin Cecylia , Litwin Jan A.
Published: May 2019

The case report describes a 67-year-old man who suffered from a minor left ankle injury. Physical examination on day 12 revealed swelling of the foot, erythema on its dorsal surface as well as elevated temperature, hyperesthesia, hyperalgesia and allodynia of that area. The treatment included local application of dexamethasone and oral administration of meloxicam. Within a week the symptoms disappeared and one-year follow-up did not show their recurrence. The presented symptoms allowed diagnosis of the earliest stage of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), which may be a disabling and difficult to treat adverse event.

This report suggests that immediately introduced simple anti-inflammatory therapy may bring a quick and permanent recovery. Hence, first contact physicians should advise the patient to report such symptoms as burning pain of the injured area lasting for a few days and, if CRPS suspicion is justified by the results of physical examination, they should apply an anti-inflammatory treatment immediately.
De oorlog in de theorie van de rechtvaardige oorlog
Authors: Peperkamp Lonneke
Published: May 2019

The war in just war theory

Just war theory has an ancient pedigree. While the substantive norms and application of those norms have always been debated, the debate today is entirely polarized. So polarized, that there seems to be a ‘war’ raging in just war theory. On one side are representatives of Walzer’s conventional position and on the other side so-called revisionists as McMahan, Fabre, Rodin, and Frowe. This paper offers a critical analysis of that dichotomy. While most of the debate is focused on the substantive level (the norms itself), I focus here on the conceptual level (terminology and character of the positions) and meta-level (the underlying theoretical premises). My aim is threefold: to assist readers in understanding contemporary contributions to just war theory; to facilitate a truce between both camps by highlighting respective strengths and weaknesses and by exposing a certain division of labor; and to suggest improvements for both positions.
THE ROLE OF VOLUNTEERED GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION APPLICATIONS IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Authors: Sevinç H. K. , Karaş I. R.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. In times of crisis, it is a priority to get help as soon as possible and any kind of help can be accepted. Especially, all kinds of support by volunteers, is a great help in crisis resolution. Crisis locations can be developed or less developed regions. It is sometimes difficult to reach help and support in less developed regions. To create Geographic data, which is an important requirement in crisis situations, is time-consuming and costly when attempted to be produced by conventional methods. When the data is produced by volunteers, it is faster and less costly because experts try to reach and support the region. Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) is spatial data that has been contributed for free by volunteers. In our work, that is review, the examples of Volunteered Geographic Information applications in crisis management will be shown on the poster.
Synoptic-scale conditions and convection-resolving hindcast experiments of a cold-season derecho on 3 January 2014 in western Europe
Authors: Mathias Luca , Ludwig Patrick , Pinto Joaquim G.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. A major linear mesoscale convective system caused severe weather over
northern France, Belgium, the Netherlands and northwestern Germany on
3 January 2014. The storm was classified as a cold-season derecho with
widespread wind gusts exceeding 25 m s−1. While such derechos
occasionally develop along cold fronts of extratropical cyclones, this
system formed in a postfrontal air mass along a baroclinic surface pressure
trough and was favoured by a strong large-scale air ascent induced by an
intense mid-level jet. The lower-tropospheric environment was characterised
by weak latent instability and strong vertical wind shear. Given the poor
operational forecast of the storm, we analyse the role of initial and lateral
boundary conditions to the storm's development by performing
convection-resolving limited-area simulations with operational analysis and
reanalysis datasets. The storm is best represented in simulations with high
temporally and spatially resolved initial and lateral boundary conditions
derived from ERA5, which provide the most realistic development of the
essential surface pressure trough. Moreover, simulations at
convection-resolving resolution enable a better representation of the
observed derecho intensity. This case study is testimony to the usefulness of
ensembles of convection-resolving simulations in overcoming the current
shortcomings of forecasting cold-season convective storms, particularly for
cases not associated with a cold front.
Commonly used methods fail to detect known phase speeds of simulated
signals of Sea Surface Height Anomalies
Authors: De-Leon Yair , Paldor Nathan
Published: May 2019

Abstract. This work examines the accuracy and validity of two variants of Radon transform and two variants of the Two-Dimensional Fast Fourier Transform (2D FFT) that have been previously used for estimating the propagation speed of Sea Surface Height Anomalies (SSHA) derived from satellite borne altimeters. The examination employs numerically simulated SSHA signals made up of 20 or 50 modes where one, randomly selected, mode has a larger amplitude than the uniform amplitude of the other modes. Since the dominant input mode is ab-initio known, we can clearly define "success" in detecting its phase/propagation speed. We show that all previously employed variants fail to detect the phase speed of the dominant input mode even when its amplitude is 5 times larger than all other modes and that they successfully detect the phase speed of the dominant input mode only when its amplitude is 10 times (or more) larger than the other modes. This requirement is an unrealistic limitation on oceanic SSHA observations. In addition, three of the variant methods “detect” a dominant mode even when all modes have the exact same amplitude. The accuracy with which the four algorithms identify a dominant input mode decreases with the increase in the number of modes in the signal. Our findings cast a doubt on the reliability of phase speed estimates of SSHA observations and the reported “too fast” phase speed of baroclinic Rossby waves in the ocean.
Estimation of soil properties by coupled inversion of electrical resistance, temperature, and moisture content data
Authors: Jafarov Elchin E. , Harp Dylan R. , Coon Ethan T. , Dafflon Baptiste , Tran Anh Phuong , Atchley Adam L. , Wilson Cathy J. , Lin Youzuo
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Studies indicate greenhouse gas emissions following permafrost thaw will amplify current rates of atmospheric warming, a process referred to as the permafrost carbon feedback (PCF). However, large uncertainties exist regarding the timing and magnitude of the PCF, in part due to uncertainties associated with subsurface permafrost parameterization and structure. Development of robust parameter estimation methods for permafrost-rich soils is becoming urgent under accelerated warming of the Arctic. Improved parameterization of the subsurface properties in land system models would lead to improved predictions and reduction of modeling uncertainty. In this work we set the groundwork for future parameter estimation (PE) studies by developing and evaluating a joint PE framework that estimates soil properties from time-series of soil temperature, moisture, and electrical resistance measurements. The framework utilizes the PEST (Model Independent Parameter Estimation and Uncertainty Analysis) toolbox and coupled hydro-thermal-geophysical modeling. We test the framework against synthetic data, providing a proof-of-concept for the approach. We use specified subsurface parameters and coupled models to setup a synthetic state, perturb the parameters, then verify that our PE framework is able to recover the parameters and synthetic state. To evaluate the accuracy and robustness of the approach we perform multiple tests for a perturbed set of initial starting parameter combinations. In addition, we evaluate the relative worth of including various types and amount of data needed to improve predictions. The results of the PE tests suggest that using data from multiple observational datasets improves the accuracy of the estimated parameters.
Qualitative yaw stability analysis of free-yawing downwind turbines
Authors: Wanke Gesine , Hansen Morten Hartvig , Larsen Torben Juul
Published: May 2019

Abstract. This article qualitatively shows the yaw stability of a free-yawing downwind turbine and the ability of the turbine to align passively with the wind direction using a model with 2 degrees of freedom. An existing model of a Suzlon S111 upwind 2.1 MW turbine is converted into a downwind configuration with a 5∘ tilt and a 3.5∘ downwind cone angle. The analysis shows
that the static tilt angle causes a wind-speed-dependent yaw misalignment of up to −19∘ due to the projection of the torque onto the yaw bearing and the skewed aerodynamic forces caused by wind speed projection. With increased cone angles, the yaw stiffness can be increased for better yaw alignment and the stabilization of the free-yaw motion. The shaft length
influences the yaw alignment only for high wind speeds and cannot
significantly contribute to the damping of the free-yaw mode within the
investigated range. Asymmetric flapwise blade flexibility is seen to
significantly decrease the damping of the free-yaw mode, leading to
instability at wind speeds higher than 19 m s−1. It is shown that this
additional degree of freedom is needed to predict the qualitative yaw
behaviour of a free-yawing downwind wind turbine.
The effects of L1 AP-initial boundary tones and laryngeal features in Korean adaptation of Japanese plosives followed by a H or L vowel
Authors: Kim Hyunsoon
Published: May 2019

The present study explores the magnitude of tonal effects and segmental voicing contrast in Korean categorization of Japanese plosives followed by a H or L vowel by conducting a perception experiment in which one hundred sixty native speakers of Seoul and Kyungsang Korean – eighty in each group (40 male and 40 female) – participated. The results have shown that, no matter whether they command a pitch-accent Kyungsang Korean or Seoul Korean which has no lexical pitch-accent, our subjects mostly categorized word-initial Japanese voiceless plosives as aspirated with the significant effect of H and word-medial voiceless plosives as either aspirated or fortis with no H/L effect. Their categorization of word-medial Japanese voiced plosives as lenis is not significantly affected by the H and L tonal difference, either, regardless of dialect differences. In their categorization of word-initial Japanese voiced plosives as lenis, however, the Seoul subjects favored L, and the Kyungsang subjects H.From the results, we propose that the Korean prosodic unit of Accentual Phrase (AP) and laryngeal features interact in the Seoul subjects’ categorization of word-initial Japanese plosives, such that the H/L tonal distinction is made in AP-initial position as enhancement with VOT primarily parsed for cues to the feature [±spread glottis]. As for their categorization of word-medial Japanese plosives with no tonal effect, we propose that closure duration is parsed for cues to the other feature [±tense]. The same proposal is made for the Kyungsang subjects’ categorization except for the H effect in word-initial Japanese voiced plosives.
Estudio epidemiológico de la prevalencia y evolución de hemoparásitos en burros del norte de Nicaragua
Authors: Rimbaud Giambruno Enrique , Mayorga-Escobar Maryuri Inés , González Daviana , Sequeira Valle Emilio José , Torres Hazel , Montoya Carolina , Ramírez Sergio
Published: May 2019

El objetivo de este trabajo es comparar los resultados relevados y obtenidos en el 2016, con los obtenidos en el 2017, evaluando la evolución de las enfermedades por hemoparásitos en los burros de la región. Los hemoparásitos son el grupo de enfermedades más importante en burros de la región norte de Nicaragua (Departamentos de Madriz y Nueva Segovia), con una prevalencia cercana al 50% de los burros existentes. Sin embargo, las causas de muerte se deben mayormente a la falta de control de garrapatas en burros por parte de sus dueños, sumado a la falta de control y tratamiento de la hemoparasitosis. Con el fallecimiento de los burros afectados por Babesia sp., la Anaplasmosis pasa a ser la enfermedad más relevante dentro de los hematozoarios, con más de 30% de prevalencia. La presencia de Plasmodium sp., no descrito hasta el momento en la literatura internacional es relevante, no solo porque afecta al 16.88% de los burros de las diferentes comarcas de la cuenca del Río Tapacale en Somoto, sino por los riesgos inherentes a la salud pública. Se precisa en forma urgente capacitar a los dueños de los burros sobre control y tratamiento de garrapatas y hemoparásitos, así como conseguir los fondos para costear los tratamientos.
Comportamiento agronómico del plátano (Musa paradisiaca L.) cv. CEMSA ¾ mediante la selección de cormos en base a productividad en Potosí, Rivas 2015
Authors: Rivera Rivas Ronald , Vaca Suárez Samuel , Aguilar Bustamante Víctor
Published: May 2019

Se evaluó el comportamiento agronómico del plátano (Musa paradisiaca L.) cv. CEMSA ¾ en plantas con cormos seleccionados de plantas con racimos igual o mayor a 40 dedos (Superior o tratamiento 1) y plantas seleccionadas al azar por el productor (Testigo o tratamiento 2). El estudio se realizó en la finca “San Antonio” Potosí, Rivas. Cada tratamiento consistió de 10 surcos con 25 plantas a una distancia de 2.4 m entre surcos y 1.3 m entre plantas para una densidad poblacional de 3200 plantas por hectárea. Las parcelas fueron establecidas el 23 de octubre del 2014 y la cosecha se terminó en diciembre 2015. Se realizó la prueba de T student para dos poblaciones independientes con 5% de margen de error y correlación múltiple. El programa utilizado fue MINITAB 17. El peso de racimo fue igual (P= 0.714) para ambas parcelas con 20.44 kg para la parcela testigo y 20.31 kg para la parcela superior. El número de manos fue de 10.06 para la parcela testigo y 10.39 para la superior (P=0.002). El número de dedos fue de 51.51 para la testigo y 52.95 para la superior (P=0.019) superando en un dedo por racimo la parcela superior. La longitud del dedo central de la segunda mano fue 32.45 cm para la testigo y para la superior de 31.74 cm (P=0.016). El grosor del dedo (P=0.006) fue de 15.67 cm para la testigo y 15.35 cm para la superior. El peso promedio de cada dedo fue para la parcela testigo de 367.0 g y para la parcela superior de 344.9 g. Se obtuvieron rendimientos de 58.86 t ha-1 en la parcela testigo y 58.49 t ha-1 en la parcela superior. El ensayo continuará con la cosecha de 2016 y 2017.
What Perceivers Know About Their Own Affordance Perception: Post Hoc Evaluations of Perceptual Processes Do Not Relate to Accuracy
Authors: Thomas Brandon J. , Gill Devin M. , Pointon Grant , Creem-Regehr Sarah H.
Published: May 2019

In 2 studies, we sought to investigate participants’ awareness of their own cognitive process when perceiving affordances (i.e., action capabilities) and whether their evaluations of this process relate to affordance perception accuracy. In Study 1, we combined data from 8 experiments and created a coding scheme designed to capture the unique features of different affordance perception theories within these post hoc evaluations. We then tested whether the perceptual process that participants reported was related to the accuracy of their judgments. We found that evaluations were distributed fairly evenly across the themes. We also found no relationship between the evaluations and accuracy. In Study 2, we conducted an experiment that specifically addressed our hypotheses about awareness and affordance perception accuracy, while controlling for confounds in Study 1. The greater detail participants gave about their cognitive strategy produced reports that largely did not relate to affordance perception theories. Participants used one of a few strategies aimed at estimating their body dimensions. Our results suggest that awareness of the perceptual process has no influence on the accuracy of affordance perception. It is likely that subjective reports of affordance perceptual process, though clear to the perceiver, are not related to the process itself.
Can Cognitive Training Improve Shoot/Don’t-Shoot Performance? Evidence from Live Fire Exercises
Authors: Hamilton Joseph A. , Lambert Gary , Suss Joel , Biggs Adam T.
Published: May 2019

Police, security, and military personnel have—at most—seconds to make a shoot/don’t-shoot decision despite the life-or-death consequences of their actions. Recent research suggests that shoot/don’t-shoot errors (e.g., commission errors of shooting at nonhostile or unarmed civilians) can be linked to specific cognitive abilities, and these errors could be reduced through targeted cognitive training. However, these studies were conducted with untrained personnel, conducted with simulated weapons, or conducted with untrained personnel using simulated weapons. Before integrating cognitive training into real-world police and military firearm training, there should be evidence that training benefits also apply to trained shooters using live weapons and live ammunition. Here we assessed differences following cognitive training for trained law enforcement officers who performed pretraining and posttraining shooting tasks with live ammunition and their service-issued weapons. Our findings provide further support that targeted cognitive interventions can significantly improve firearm safety and efficacy for armed professionals.
Social Dominance Orientation Moderates the Effects of Socioeconomic Status on Well-Being
Authors: Whitt Cassie M. , Gore Jonathan S. , Jiang Tao
Published: May 2019

In the current study we argue that social dominance orientation (SDO) has a moderating effect on the relationship between regional inequalities in socioeconomic status (SES) and subjective well-being (SWB). Specifically, we predicted that individuals high in SDO, from high-SES regions of the United States, would have higher levels of well-being than those from low-SES regions of the United States. This hypothesis was tested by administering a series of self-report measures of SDO, SES, and SWB to a sample of undergraduate psychology students (n = 409). The data were analyzed with hierarchical linear modeling software to explore the relationships between these variables. The results were consistent with the initial hypothesis: Participants in high-SES regions (i.e., wealthier and more educated), who also identified as high in SDO, possessed higher levels of well-being than the participants from low-SES regions. Implications of such regional inequalities are discussed.
In Search of the Tell-Tale Heart
Authors: Bloom Richard W.
Published: May 2019

“True!—nervous—very, very dreadfully nervous I had been and am.... The disease had sharpened my senses—not destroyed—not dulled them. Above all was the sense of hearing acute. I heard all things in the heaven and in the earth. I heard many things in hell.... Oh God! what could I do? I foamed—I raved—I swore! It grew louder—louder— louder! And still the men chatted pleasantly, and smiled. Was it possible they heard not? Almighty God!—no, no! They heard!—they suspected!—they knew!—they were making a mockery of my horror!... But anything was better than this agony! Anything was more tolerable than this derision! I could bear those hypocritical smiles no longer! I felt that I must scream or die! and now—again!—hark! louder! louder! louder! louder! “Villains!” I shrieked, “dissemble no more! I admit the deed!—tear up the planks! here, here!—It is the beating of his hideous heart!” Poe (1843)
“The Prison, By God, Where I Have Found Myself”: Graffiti at Ellis Island Immigration Station, New York, c. 1900–1923
Authors: Reed Katherine
Published: May 2019

This article analyses messages and pictures drawn on the walls by detainees at Ellis Island immigration station in New York c. 1900–1923. This fragmentary source material provides a valuable insight into the perceptions and emotions of people held in the limbo of immigration detention. Largely neglected in the historiography, the graffiti are significant as a counterpoint to official mark-making and bureaucracy. Ellis Island was an environment where the performance of writing was suffused with power, infamously in the marking out of passengers for further inspection with chalk symbols on their clothing. In the official documents, detainees ‘voices were translated, transcribed, and circumscribed. In contrast, the walls of dormitories and detention rooms formed a backstage space for personal musings, creativity, and low-level dissent.
Efeitos das ondas de choque piezoelétrica na adiposidade localizada
Authors: Silva Rodrigo Marcel Valentim da , Borges Fábio Dos Santos , Silva Júlio Davi Costa e , Lira Jéssica Carrie Silva de Oliveira , Oliveira Maria Paula Marques de , Bezerra Louhanne Christine Berto , Bezerra Bruna Nobrega , Meyer Patrícia Froes
Published: May 2019

Introdução: A terapia de ondas de choque piezoelétrica (TOC) é uma técnica não invasiva que visa a reduzir o tecido adiposo subcutâneo localizado. Objetivos: Investigar os efeitos da terapia ondas de choque piezoelétrica na redução da adiposidade subcutânea localizada. Métodos: Efetuou-se um estudo experimental, com 31 participantes, de 25 a 45 anos, do sexo feminino. Foram realizadas quatro sessões de tratamento, uma vez por semana com parâmetros da OC piezoelétrica. Procedeu-se à aplicação dinâmica na região infraumbilical; e estacionária, na supraumbilical, ambas no lado esquerdo. O lado direito não recebeu aplicação, tornando-se o lado controle. Resultados: Na aplicação da TOC piezoelétrica na forma estacionária, houve maior redução de tecido adiposo do que no modo dinâmico. Conclusão: Pode-se observar que a terapia por OC piezoelétrica promoveu uma redução da adiposidade localizada, com o modelo de equipamento escolhido e na dose proposta neste estudo, constatada nas análises de plicometria e ultrassonografia.
Estado de humor de idosas durante a prática de exercício físico em diversas condições ambientais
Authors: Borsoi Eduarda , Laux Rafael Cunha , Cviatkovski Aline , Antes Danielle Ledur
Published: May 2019

Introdução: o exercício físico é indispensável independentemente da idade, e sua realização pode impactar positivamente o estado de humor. Objetivo: analisar o efeito agudo de um programa de exercício físico em diferentes condições ambientais sobre o estado de humor de idosas. Materiais e Métodos: participaram 22 idosas com idade média de 66,3 (dp=4,3) anos. Para avaliar o humor utilizou-se a escala de Brunel e a intensidade dos exercícios foi controlada pela escala de Borg. Realizaram-se quatro experimentos, com duração de 30 minutos, nos quais foram modificados clima, som e ambiente. Utilizou-se a análise descritiva e inferencial e os testes foram analisados no SPSS® 21.0. Resultados: observou-se que nenhuma das variáveis apresentou diferença entre os períodos. Conclusão: o programa de exercício físico em diferentes espaços, clima e com utilização ou não de som é eficaz para manter o alto nível de vigor e o baixo nível de fadiga, mesmo com intensidade entre pouco intensa e intensa com duração de 30 minutos.
Correlação entre a funcionalidade e a força muscular periférica em pacientes renais crônicos submetidos à hemodiálise
Authors: Costa Bianca Pereira , Gomes Isalina Gabriela de Almeida , Lessa Larissa Holanda , Farias Dandhara Henrique de , Calles Ana Carolina do Nascimento , Farias Adoniran Rodrigues
Published: May 2019

Introdução: A hemodiálise é um tratamento que acarreta diversas complicações nos sistemas muscular, metabólico e cardiorrespiratório, comprometendo a funcionalidade e força muscular periférica do paciente. Objetivo: Correlacionar à funcionalidade e a força muscular periférica em pacientes renais crônicos submetidos à hemodiálise. Métodos: Tratou-se de um estudo transversal com pacientes renais crônicos. Para avaliação de força muscular foi o utilizado o Medical Research Council (MRC). Durante a sessão de hemodiálise foi aplicado o questionário de Medida de Independência Funcional (MIF), que avalia a funcionalidade do indivíduo. Resultados: No estudo não foi encontrada correlação significativa entre MRC Total e MIF Total. Entretanto, foi observada uma correlação significativa e negativa entre idade e MRC total Conclusão: Foi possível analisar o perfil dos pacientes acometidos pela Doença Renal Crônica (DRC). Constatou-se que pacientes renais que apresentavam idade mais avançada possuíam um grau de força muscular reduzida.
Desempenho de repetições e tempo sob tensão no método Cluster Sets vs. tradicional em uma sessão de treinamento de força
Authors: Dantes Anderson Correa , Pinheiro Juan Câmara , Maia Marianna De Freitas , Paz Gabriel Andrade , Nasser Igor , Miranda Humberto
Published: May 2019

Introdução: O método cluster sets (CLS) surge como um método de treinamento de força (TF) incluindo pequenos intervalos dentro da série. Objetivo: comparar o desempenho agudo do método CLS e o método tradicional (TRAD). Métodos: participaram do estudo 14 homens com experiência em TF. Os participantes realizaram dois protocolos distintos: TRAD - três séries de oito repetições com 90% de 8 repetições máximas (RM) e intervalo de dois minutos; CLS - três séries com oito repetições com 90% de 8 RM, e 30 segundos de intervalo a cada duas repetições. Resultados: o método CLS foi capaz de manter o desempenho ao longo das séries, sem reduções significativas nas séries 2 e 3, em ambos exercícios. Ao compará-lo com o método TRAD, o número de repetições realizadas foi significativamente maior (p ≤ 0,05) para o CLS. Conclusão: o CLS proporcionou desempenho de repetições máximas superior em comparação ao TRAD. Não foram verificadas diferenças no tempo sob tensão entre os protocolos.