bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
8. Euforia, Desencanto
Authors: Lemos Horta Paulo
Published: February 2022

The myth of the solitary genius of Chilean author Roberto Bolaño writing furiously in a lonely exile in the small town of Blanes, north of Barcelona, has obscured the networks of print culture that enabled his career as a novelist in Catalonia. In the United States, the perception that he authored a vast oeuvre in a short half-decade burst of creativity before his death at age fifty, writing 2666 against the looming approach of death, is very much part of his legend. And the marketing of the author in rebellion against the statist socialism of the generation of Gabriel García Márquez resonated with publishing markets. But this mythology overlooks the fact that some of the works published to wide acclaim between 1998 and 2004, the dates of The Savage Detectives and 2666, were first attempted and drafted and sometimes finished in the years before Spain joined the European Union in 1986 and the fall of the Berlin wall. In 1986, for instance, he wrote to A.G. Porta, his sometimes co-author, that he had finished The Ice Rink, only published in 1993. Porta and Bolaño met through their involvement with small literary magazines that published poetry in both Catalan (as was the case with Porta) and Spanish in the late 1970s, at a time of transition to democracy when the linguistic decolonization of literary culture with reference to Castilian was still very much contested. This chapter takes as a point of departure the collaboration between Porta and Bolaño that reflected a wider exchange in the print culture of the period, their first published novel Consejos de un discípulo de Morrison a un fanático de Joyce, which remains curiously unavailable in English. In the vast emerging scholarship on Bolaño, numbering over forty monographs to date, the rubric of exile and the exilic, as privileged in a monograph by his translator Chris Andrews, has acquired a certain currency, helping locate Bolaño beyond the left of Latin American writing. This chapter suggests the need to read Bolaño within the print culture of his own time, and his work, a surprising amount of it completed before 1991, against the backdrop of the tensions of linguistic decolonization and the Cold War. Graphic novel and dramatic adaptations of Bolaño’s fiction today more explicitly ground his writing in his experience of Pinochet’s Chile and the Mexican Dirty War of the 1970s, and print culture study of Barcelona in the 1970s and 1980s can likewise root an understanding of the “lone genius” within wider contested cultural and political currents.
Evolution of a Modular Limbless Crawling and Climbing Robot
Authors: Patel Meet , Patra Asesh , Chattopadhyay Priyabrata , Majumder Anubhab , Ghoshal Sanjoy K.
Published: February 2022

Terrestrial locomotion is fundamentally classified into three sorts: wheeled, legged, and limbless. In this paper a systematic approach has been made to develop a less expensive, off-road and self-governing crawling-climbing robot. The proposed design of the robot is limbless and modular
which provides an opportunity to perform different locomotion by taking inspiration from biological systems. In the present study, two different variants of the modular limbless robot have been discussed with two different locomotion gaits which have been presented and illustrated through
multiple experiments. The climbing environment is confined in a ferromagnetic flat plane by providing switchable electromagnets to the front and rear modules. Finally, a brief comparison between 2D and 3D body undulation has also been carried out.
Mitigated Solar Water Pump System Deployed on Frequency Control of the Induction Engine
Authors: Kumar Gaurav , Kabra S.S.
Published: February 2022

This article presents a water pumping system based on a set of solar photovoltaic panels that uses an induction motor. Due to Scarcity of electricity and rising Petroleum products costs, the Mitigated Solar Water pump system has become a promising prospect in several regions for pumping
water supply and community inundation (Anjanee Kumar Mishra and Bhim Singh, 2017. Solar photovoltaic array dependent dual output converter based water pumping using switched reluctance motor drive. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 10, pp.1-8). The solar pump operated with
an AC converter provides the option in terms of size, robustness, efficiency and ease of maintenance. To optimize the energy generated by the photovoltaic phenomenon using a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique. In the mentioned paper the author used PWM inverter, induction motor
coupled with water pump along with photo-voltaic solar panels to supply it the required power and use it with MPPT to squeeze maximum possible power out of it.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Study of Roughened Solar Air Heater
Authors: Ghildyal A. , Bisht V. S. , Bisht A. S. , Kishor K.
Published: February 2022

A 2-dimensional numerical investigation has been conducted to examine the effect of three distinct turbulators (namely M shaped, Wedge shaped and Reverse wedge shaped) on the performance of solar air heater (SAH) for relevant Reynolds number ranges from 4000 to 18000. CFD code ANSYS
FLUENT is used for simulation of turbulent airflow. For all three geometries constant ratio of e/Dh = 0.021 (where e = 0.7 and Dh = 33.33) and ratio P/e = 14.285 (where p = 10) is used. Turbulence Kinetic energy and velocity contours
for all turbulators have also been studied in this analysis. M-Shaped turbulators outperformed the other two turbulators with maximum value of THPP.
Ballistic Response of Confined Ceramic/Metal Armor System Against Long Projectile
Authors: Chougale Dilip , Tiwari Gaurav
Published: February 2022

A numerical analysis has been performed to compare the ballistic performance of two distinct confined ceramic/metal armor system, alumina tiles backed by steel 4340 and alumina tiles backed by aluminum 5083 H116. A 76.2 mm long and 7.62 mm diameter cylindrical projectile with hemisphere
nosed shape made of tungsten alloy and harden steel were hit normally with velocity 1550 m/s on both the target configuration. For these threats, under constant thickness, ceramic/metal configuration that defeated the projectile was studied through finite element simulation on ANSYS/LS DYNA.
Depth of penetration of projectile in target, residual velocity of projectile, erode length of the projectile, ballistic limit were used to study the ballistic performance of target configurations. For alumina, Johnson Holmquist (JH-2) material model was used whereas for steel, tungsten and
aluminum, Johnson Cook (JC) model was considered. For identical thickness, Alumina/Steel target showed better performance as compare to Alumina/Al target under tungsten projectile impact whereas on the basis of areal density, Alumina/Al performed better than Alumina/steel against steel projectile
impact.
Performance Evaluation of Diesel Engine Using Novel Variable Compression Ratio Mechanism
Authors: Chaudhari Ashish J. , Panchal Dnyaneshwar , Kolekar Shankar , Kadav Swapnil , Moradiya Harshal , Patel Vinay D.
Published: February 2022

Increasingly stringent emission and fuel economy standards brings opportunities and research in automobile engine technology development to make it more efficient and less polluting. There are various performance improvement strategies adopted by different researchers in order to get
maximum power from the minimum quantity of fuel alongside substantial reduction in exhaust gas emission. The techniques such as CRDI (Common Rail Direct Injection), VVT (Variable valve timing) and such more are commercially viable and successfully incorporated in vehicles. Along the similar
track, this paper highlights the importance of variable compression ratio diesel engine, method of achieving the variable compression ratio (VCR) as per load and speed conditions. Variable compression ratio (VCR) technology is one of the method for improving the automobile engine performance,
efficiency, fuel economy with reduced emission for range of fuels. The basis of the VCR engine is to operate at different compression ratio, by altering the combustion chamber volume, as per need of most suitable operating conditions. Apart from this, the fuel injection location needs to be
varied as per load and speed conditions. The synchronization of both VCR and variable fuel injector location (VFIL) becomes important. Knowing this fact, the study for the diesel Comet engine (3.7 kW@2100 RPM) is undertaken for variable clearance volume accompanied with VIPL. The work consists
of design and development of mechanism consisting of auxiliary cylinder and auxiliary piston which will operate in and out of combustion chamber as per load and speed conditions. The detailed drawings and complete experimentation will be carried out to judge the improvement of performance
of diesel engine with modification of variable clearance volume concept. The performance parameters consist of brake power, brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption under various load conditions.
Design and Fabrication of 3D Printed Bioresorbable Nerve Guide Conduit (NGC) for Peripheral Nerve Repair
Authors: Sharma Ankita , Teotia Chhavi , Bhati Pooja , Soni Manoj
Published: February 2022

In this study, 3D printing technology is utilized for the fabrication of designer structure bioresorbable Polylactic acid (PLA) NGCs for peripheral nerve regeneration. The designer structure of the NGCs is designed using solid works software. The bioresorbable PLA NGCs are printed using
an extrusion-based 3D printer. PLA thread of 1.75 mm diameter is employed for the fabrication of 6±0.5 mm internal diameter and 35±10 mm long NGCs. The conduits were tested for the mechanical properties, surface properties such as surface wettability of the conduits were evaluated
by measuring the water contact angle of the de-ionized water droplet deposited on the conduit surface. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy is used for the conduits surface chemistry study. Differential scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) are used for the thermal
and morphological characterization.
Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics in MQL (Minimum Quantity Lubrication) Machining
Authors: Chauhan Payal , Gupta Anjali , Thakur Amit
Published: February 2022

This paper presents an overview of simulation studies done on minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) machining. Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) is a method where cutting fluid is supplied at very low rate forming ultra-fine droplets that with the help of pressurized air strikes the work
piece with high velocity through nozzle without any waste being left for disposal. Minimum quantity lubrication’s (MQL) performance is dependent on the spray generated by the MQL system. The spray quality is defined by number of droplets, sauter mean diameter, pressure of droplets and
velocity of droplets and depends on factors such as coolant flow rate, flow rate of air, pressure of compressed air, nozzle orientation and nozzle geometry. Further it is concluded from literature review that the increase in air pressure and increase in flow rate of oil produced the droplets
that can penetrate the tool-chip interface easily to provide effective lubrication with nozzle placed at some angle to the tool axis. Better lubrication increases tool life, improves surface finish, reduced cutting temperature and cutting forces.
Authors’ Response: If Anything, We Should Stigmatize Unhealthy Organizations
Authors: Kensbock Julia M. , Alkærsig Lars , Lomberg Carina
Published: February 2022

We appreciate the important academic discussions that our article (Kensbock, Alkærsig, and Lomberg, 2022) has initiated. Replying to the commentaries by Keyes and Shaman (2022) and Pierce and Rider (2022), we reiterate the goal and purpose of our research questions, including the use of a metaphor. We address theoretical arguments that a “normalization” or “matching” mechanism might account for our findings, and we present additional empirical evidence against these arguments. We address concerns about methodological decisions made and demonstrate that altering those decisions would have little or no effect on our findings and conclusions. In doing so, we reaffirm that the contagion mechanism that we proposed based on a large strand of prior research is the most likely one. Finally, we discuss how and why our study results can prevent (rather than increase) stigmatization of individuals with mental disorders. We encourage future scholarly and societal discussions to bring unhealthy organizations into focus and to develop interventions that prevent the accumulation of mental disorders in organizations.
Authority And Freedom
Authors: Parsons Michael
Published: February 2022

Authority and freedom are connected, and both have external and internal forms. External authority, political or institutional, can impinge on internal freedom in ways that matter to psychoanalysts. Internal freedom requires an internal authority that can be trusted. The superego is an external authority masquerading as an internal one. The ego, with its compliance toward the id, the superego, and external reality, operates like a false self in the psyche. In Lacanian terms, it is of necessity alienated from itself. By contrast, the true self as described by Winnicott, and the “subject” as theorized especially in French psychoanalysis, represent an authentic conscience that allows us to become the authors of our at one’s authority. This implies two sorts of freedom: freedom from narcissistic self-investment, and the forward-looking freedom of psychic growth. The latter occurs only in a context of relatedness to others, and it entails caring for the interests of others—if necessary at one’s own expense. This vision of human beings as having an innate impetus toward psychic growth makes psychoanalysis a fundamentally optimistic endeavor. Clinical and nonclinical examples show, however, that it demands a perpetual readiness to let go of apparent certainties.
A Novel Predictor of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients With Carotid Artery Disease; the Systemic Immune Inflammation Index
Authors: Yilmaz Yucel , Kelesoglu Saban , Kalay Nihat
Published: February 2022

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. The present study investigated the role of systemic immune inflammation index (SII) in predicting the risk of developing CIN after carotid artery angiography (CAAG). This study included 262 patients who underwent CAAG for symptomatic carotid artery stenosis (CAS). Simultaneous carotid stenting was applied to 232 of these patients. CIN was defined as an increase in serum creatinine level ≥.5 mg/dL or ≥25% above baseline within 72 hours after the procedure. The SII score was calculated as platelet × neutrophil/lymphocyte counts. Patients who developed CIN, had higher glucose ( P = .009), total cholesterol ( P < .001), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (<.001), and high sensitivity C-reactive protein ( P = .001) levels, as well as greater neutrophil counts ( P < .001), platelet counts ( P < .001), neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio ( P < .001), and SII score ( P < .001) than those who did not develop CIN. The Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis showed that at a cutoff of 519.9, the SII exhibited 80% sensitivity and 64% specificity for detecting CIN. SII levels on admission were independently associated with CIN development after CAAG in patients with CAS.
To be or not to be political? Racialized cognitive scripts and political motivation
Authors: Wyatt Madeleine , Doldor Elena , Tresh Fatima
Published: February 2022

How do employees become politically motivated? In this study, we examine how ethnic minority employees interpret political experiences at work and form motivations to act politically (or not) by uncovering attribution-based political scripts. We propose that cognitive scripts entail learning about the political landscape at work and motivational pathways (personal responses to the political landscape). Adopting a mixed methods approach, we interviewed 40 ethnic minority employees and extracted 810 spontaneous causal attributions about beneficial or detrimental career-related political experiences. Using latent class analysis, we identified how combinations of these attributions formed six political scripts. The content of these scripts revealed that most political experiences motivated participants to opt out of the political arena, unless political activity was legitimized or enabled by senior gatekeepers. Our findings advance scholarship on political cognition, political will, and racialized politics at work by highlighting how the wider organizational political environment shapes employees’ political motivation. We also demonstrate how politics can be perceived as racialized and offer practical suggestions for ways organizations can make workplace politics more racially inclusive.
Feminism in women’s business networks: A freedom-centred perspective
Authors: Villesèche Florence , Meliou Elina , Jha Harsh Kumar
Published: February 2022

How do women’s business networks help to advance women’s freedom? Drawing on Zerilli’s freedom-centred feminism, our study sets out to answer this question at the intersection of freedom, feminism and work. Critics argue that women’s business networks promote a postfeminist view of freedom focusing on individual self-realisation and thus participate in rolling back collective, feminist efforts to dismantle structural inequalities. We reconceptualise women’s business networks as political arenas and argue that making claims about shared interests and concerns in such an arena constitutes a feminist practice of freedom. With an original, inductive and qualitative research design combining topic modeling and dialectical analysis, we examine the claims made in 1529 posts across four women’s business network blogs. We identify postfeminist claims and new forms of change and transformation that can help to advance women’s freedom across three ‘dialectics of freedom’: conformity and imagination; performative care and relational care; sameness and openness. Our findings show that uncertain and contradictory ways of defining and engaging with women’s freedom can emerge through claim-making in such arenas. The fragility of the process and its outcomes are, then, what can move feminism forward at work and beyond.
Analysis of thermal and wet comfort properties of hygroscopic and exothermic knitted fabrics
Authors: Gao Shuyi , Cui Yi , Yao Wenli , Jing Miaolei , Liu Liu , Zhang Ruiyun
Published: February 2022

Clothing thermal and wet comfort relates to the heat and moisture transport properties of clothing as one of the most important factors in determining whether or not a garment is desirable to customers. It is important to develop winter textiles by optimally combined technology of hygroscopic heat generation and moisture management to maintain warm dry skin for the active wearer. In this work, six multilayer hygroscopic and exothermic fabrics made up of different functional yarn compositions were designed and fabricated based on ergonomic principles. Their thermal wet comfort properties were investigated compared with seven plain knitted fabrics. Air permeability, moisture management characteristics, thermal physiological properties, and hygroscopic heat generation performances were used to assess thermal and wet comfort properties. Their correlations with yarn composition were explored. Multilayer knitted fabrics with a designed knitted structure and wettability gradient demonstrated evenly hygroscopic exothermic properties and excellent directional moisture transport performances. This has the potential to reduce the phenomena of high temperature and heat concentration following moisture absorption The fabric made up of profiled polyester and a low proportion of cotton blend as an inner layer and a high proportion of modified polyacrylate and viscose blend as a middle layer was verified to have superior moisture management characteristics and evenly hygroscopic exothermic properties.
Feeling Invisible and Unheard: A Qualitative Exploration of Gendered-Racist Stereotypes Influence on Sexual Decision Making and Mistreatment of Black Teen Girls
Authors: Opara Ijeoma , Weser Veronica , Sands Brandon , Fernandes Claudia-Santi F. , Hussett-Richardson Sydney , Hieftje Kimberly
Published: February 2022

Gendered racism can impact how Black teen girls perceive themselves in relation to the world and influence their behaviors. This form of discrimination tends to manifest in stereotypes that promote the victimization and mistreatment of Black teen girls. This qualitative study, using Black feminist thought through a Black Girlhood lens as a guiding framework, aims to understand how Black teen girls are affected by gendered-racist stereotypes and how these stereotypes impact sexual decision making among this group. Using a sample of ( N = 27) Black teen girls, three major themes arose: (1) experiencing the effects of racist-sexist stereotypes, (2) feeling powerless and invisible due to stereotypes, and (3) navigating the pressure to have sex due to stereotypes. Implications for this study include incorporating elements of Black Feminist Thought through a Black girlhood lens within prevention programing while also providing Black teen girls with the tools to challenge negative stereotypes with support from adult allies in school and family settings.
A Europe of stories: Queer cartography and the grammar of hope
Authors: Manganas Nicholas
Published: February 2022

In January 2019, 30 leading European intellectuals, including Bernard-Henri Lévy and Orhan Pamuk, pronounced that ‘the idea of Europe is in peril’. Their voices added to a general sense from all corners of the European continent that the liberal narratives that have sustained the European Union integration project are under attack. Is it true, as Pamuk suggested, that Europe no longer makes us dream? What would it take to reactivate Europe’s ability to inspire? Aligned with Sudeep Dasgupta and Mireille Rosello’s approach of queering European culture, I imagine the possibilities that might emerge if we reenergise Queer and Europe with their original radical potential. In my reading of Panos H. Koutras’ film Xenia, I ask the following: what happens if we imbue Queer Europe with a grammar of hope instead of a grammar of hopelessness? I posit that Xenia queers the space between the European centre and periphery in its celebration of ‘diva citizenship’ and in so doing, the film reconfigures a Europe in the present continuous rather than the past and future tenses. Such a reconfiguration widens the scope to imagine new cartographies that map European culture in alternative frameworks. A Europe of Stories, I suggest, emerges in the space that this new cartography opens up.
Mobilizing Suburban Stereotypes: The Case of Ville d’Anjou (1956-1973)
Authors: Mercure Jolette Frederic , Hatton-Proulx Clarence , Van Neste Sophie L.
Published: February 2022

In this article, we examine how in the 1960s the political leadership in Anjou, a suburban community in the Greater Montreal region, cultivated the stereotypical ideal of a bourgeois residential suburb in contrast with its actual dynamics of development in the metropolitan region. Our analysis focuses on three dimensions of the suburban ideal: residential monofunctionalism, political autonomy, and an exclusive and apolitical community. For each of these dimensions, we show how Anjou’s political leadership grappled with a complex reality and adapted the suburban ideal to ensure that their community, dependent as it was on metropolitan infrastructure and a host to heavy industry, could still be considered an ideal suburb. Our contribution speaks to the material and political impacts of such representation in a more complex set of processes of suburban and metropolitan development.
Rid Us (Not) of the Temptation: A Note on the Text of Hebrews 11.37
Authors: Malik Peter
Published: February 2022

Prior to the publication of [Formula: see text]46 (P.Beatty II; LDAB 3011), at Heb. 11.37 the earlier critical editions printed one of the longer readings, though from Erasmus onwards the passage was subject to a considerable number of conjectural emendations. With [Formula: see text]46, the evidence for the reading ἐπρίσθησαν gained signiﬁcant early manuscript support, thus impacting subsequent editorial practice and textual analysis. This study offers a reinvestigation of this textual problem and brings a new proposal based on a fresh evaluation of external and internal criteria.
Risk Factor-Related Lifestyle Habits of Patients With Laryngopharyngeal Reflux
Authors: Wang Meigui , Mo Tingting , Tan Jiajie , Dai Yuanfeng , Li Xiangping
Published: February 2022

Objective

The role of lifestyle habits in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) is comparatively underexplored. We aim to examine the specific lifestyle habits in patients with LPRD.

METHODS

Systematic sampling was applied to select respondents aged 18 through 80 years in otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery (OHNS) clinics in Nan Fang Hospital during August 2017–July 2018, 1658 eligible participants were included by a systematic sampling method. Subjects with RSI score>13 were considered as LPRD patients. The risk of reflux symptoms was estimated and multivariate calculated as odds ratios in relation to exposure to tobacco smoking, alcohol, coffee, tea, carbonated drinks, chocolate, spicy food, night sleep time, dinner-to-bed time, subjective sleep quality, and physical exercise.

Results

There was a significant dose-response association between carbonated beverage and LPRD. Among people who had drinking carbonated drinks the odds ratio was 1.76 (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.24–2.50, P = .002) compared with non-carbonated drinker. A similar positive association was found for poor subjective sleep quality and shorter night sleeping time, the odds ratio for reflux was 1.58 (95% CI 1.14 to 2.18) among those who always have poor subjective sleep quality compared with those whose have good subjective sleep quality. The odds ratio for reflux was 2.29 (95% CI 1.23–4.28, P = .015) among those who always sleep 3–5 hours every night compared with those who sleep more than 8 hours every night. Beyond that, we found high BMI may have a negative correlation with LPRD, the odds ratio for reflux was .61 (95% CI 0.39 to .95, P = .054) among those whose BMI >25 kg/m2 compared with those BMI ≤ 20 kg/m2.

Conclusions

Patients with LPRD may have certain lifestyle habits, avoid carbonated beverage, poor subjective sleep quality, and lack of sleep should be advised in treatment of LPRD.
“We Can’t Say This Won’t Happen to Me”: Parent-Child Communication About Anti-Latino Discrimination
Authors: Eyal Keren , Perreira Krista , Schilling Samantha
Published: February 2022

In recent years, discrimination toward Hispanic/Latino Americans has escalated, threatening the health of Hispanic/Latino families and children. Previous research in African American families demonstrates the importance of parent–child communication in interrupting the pathway between childhood discrimination and poor health outcomes, but parent–child communication regarding discrimination has not been well-studied in Hispanic/Latino families. This study uses the minority child development model to explore how Hispanic/Latino parents discuss anti-Latino and anti-immigrant discrimination, bias, and unfair treatment with their children. In-depth interviews were performed with Hispanic/Latino immigrant parents ( N = 14) of 25 children ages 5–17 years. Interviews were analyzed using phenomenological thematic analysis. Seven major strategies utilized by Hispanic/Latino parents emerged: (1) champion success; (2) comfort and encourage; (3) advocate, appeal, and defend; (4) understand, ignore, and accept; (5) learn from it; (6) teach tolerance; and (7) prepare for bias. The development of resources to enhance parent skills in this area is discussed.
Digital justice: A rapid evidence assessment of the use of mobile technology for offender behavioural change
Authors: Taylor Helen , Van Rooy Dirk , Bartels Lorana
Published: February 2022

The increasing availability and use of mobile technology have allowed for innovative solutions to address a range of issues, especially in relation to health behaviour change. Such technological advances have also created opportunities within the justice context and the past decade has seen the development and use of mobile technology in the criminal justice system. Yet, little systematic research exists in this area. This study begins to fill this gap, through a rapid evidence assessment of the use of technologies, especially mobile applications and text message reminders, which support behaviour change amongst people in the criminal justice system.
A look towards the clonal origin of metastatic pulmonary carcinosarcoma: Report of a patient with an unexpected long-term survival
Authors: Spagnoli Luigi , Petrelli Federica , Fratini Geri , De Nisi Maria Caterina , Camerini Andrea , Giusti Andrea , Perotti Bruno , Cavazzana Andrea , Arganini Marco , Ambrosio Maria Raffaella
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

Pulmonary carcinosarcoma is a rare histological subtype of non-small cell lung cancer, defined by the combination of epithelial and mesenchimal elements. Prognosis is usually dismal, with a median survival of about 6 months. The use of immunotherapy by blockade of PD1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint signaling has been shown to improve patients’ survival. However, local aggressiveness and distant metastases are frequent. Spread to the gastrointestinal tract is seldom reported. The genetic landscape of the disease has only recently begun to emerge, pointing at TP53, KRAS, EGFR and MET as the most common mutated genes.

Case description:

We describe the case of a metastatic patient with 37 months overall survival, treated by an aggressive multimodal approach combining surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy. To shed new light on the molecular basis for sarcomatoid component in lung carcinoma, we performed next generation sequencing analysis of the squamous and sarcomatoid component by the two sites. We demonstrated a clonal origin and hypermutability of the sarcomatous elements that may account for the good response to immunotherapy. Moreover, we identified some mutations involving TP53 and EGFR genes, targetable by already available drugs.

Conclusions:

We depicted a model of how a squamous cell carcinoma can differentiate during its natural history into sub-clonal populations with different features and may ultimately result in a neoplasm (i.e. pulmonary carcinosarcoma) showing clonal heterogeneity. Our data might contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms of this rare tumor and open new ways for a more tailored approach.
Basic Installations for Reinforced Concrete Arch Pipe
Authors: Beakley Josiah W. , Dvorak Riley , Western Kevin
Published: February 2022

Beginning in 2018, the precast concrete pipe producers of the Minnesota Concrete Pipe Association (CPA) worked with the Minnesota Department of Transportation (DOT) to update the standards for reinforced concrete arch pipe. The Minnesota DOT standard plates include steel reinforcement areas for both circumferential steel and transverse steel (stirrups) where required. The latest Minnesota DOT standards include pipe classes in accordance with AASHTO M206 (or ASTM C506) as well as some larger sizes and higher strength classes that are not included in the AASHTO standard. The reinforcement designs for these larger sizes were performed in accordance with the 8th Edition of the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications and were formulated to encompass the worst of either the loads from the field installation, or the testing loads in three-edge bearing. The three-edge bearing test requirements tended to govern the required steel area for transverse reinforcement. However, the field conditions governed the extent to which the transverse reinforcement needs to extend out from the invert of the pipe.
Heterogeneity in Personal Attitudes and Preferences for High-Speed Metropolitan Railway Service by Travel Contexts in South Korea: A Hybrid Choice Modeling Approach
Authors: Kong Jaehyeong , Jeong Sugyo , Yun Jaewoong , Chung Jin-Hyuk , Kim Jinhee
Published: February 2022

High-speed metropolitan railway services have been introduced in several mega cities to solve traffic problems stemming from urban sprawl. The success of such huge public transportation projects depends on how to design them more attractively based on profound insight into people’s preferences in the context of travel mode choice. Although many previous studies have investigated factors affecting the preferences for high-speed metropolitan railway services in general, possible heterogeneity in the preferences by different travel contexts tends to be largely ignored. In addition, the effects of personal latent attitudes toward travel mode choice have not been investigated thoroughly in the context of using high-speed metropolitan railway services. Incorporating such latent attitudes in mode choice analysis is helpful for better understanding the motivation of choosing a travel mode. The present study investigates people’s preferences for high-speed metropolitan railway service and their heterogeneity by different travel contexts using stated choice data. In addition, the hybrid choice modeling approach is employed to identify simultaneously the relevant latent attitudes and their effects on the preference for high-speed metropolitan railway service. The data collection was conducted in 2021, with respect to the great train express (GTX) project of the Seoul metropolitan area. The estimation results suggest that the latent attitudes about risk-minimizing and comfort-seeking have different effects on people’s intention to use GTX according to travel contexts. Moreover, the difference in sensitivity to the attributes of GTX exists depending on the travel contexts.
Is there any predictor for relapse after treatment withdrawal in autoimmune hepatitis patients in the real life?
Authors: Çavuş Bilger , Akyuz Filiz , İliaz Raim , Atasoy Alp , Akyuz Umit , Demir Kadir , Besisik Fatih , Kaymakoglu Sabahattin
Published: February 2022

Backgrounds and Aims

In autoimmune hepatitis, there are uncertainties about whether to discontinue the treatment, when the treatment should be discontinued, and the risks of relapse in the cases where remission is achieved with immunosuppressive therapy. In this study, patients with AIH, whose immunosuppressive treatments were discontinued, were evaluated for the rates of remission and the risk of relapse.

Materials and Methods

A total of 119 patients, who were diagnosed with AIH based on the AIHG scoring systems between 1990 and 2015, were evaluated. Patients were receiving standard azathioprine and steroid therapy. The treatment was discontinued in patients, who had been receiving treatment for at least 2 years, who had no clinical complaints, and whose aminotransferases were normal and when an increase occurred in AST values more than two times the normal after the treatment was interrupted, the case was considered as a relapse.

Results

Among the patients, 83%( n = 99) were women. When the patients were diagnosed with AIH, their mean age was 36 ± 16(8–79) years; 70.6%( n = 84) were type 1, 3.4%( n = 4) type 2, and 26%( n = 31) were autoantibody-negative AIH. At the time of discontinuation, liver biopsy was performed in 8 of the patients and minimal-mild abnormalities were detected. Patients whose treatment was discontinued received treatment for an average of 101 ± 75(range: 24–280, median: 68.5) months; and, they were followed up for an average of 19 (1–110) months during the period without medication. Relapse occurred in 67%( n = 12) of the patients with drug withdrawal. Relapse occurred within the first 12 months in 67% of these patients ( n = 8) and developed with an acute hepatitis attack in 42%. None of the clinical, laboratory, and histological data were found to be effective on relapse.

Conclusion

In patients with AIH, relapse occurs in two-thirds of patients within an average of 19 month after the discontinuation of the medication. Most relapses occur at the early period and they are accompanied by an acute hepatitis attack.
Social science and Marxist humanism beyond collectivism in Socialist Romania
Authors: Hîncu Adela
Published: February 2022

This article brings together the history of the social sciences and the history of social thought in Socialist Romania. It is concerned with the development of ideas about the social beyond collectivism, especially about the relationship between individual and society under socialism, from the early 1960s to the end of the 1970s. The analysis speaks to three major themes in the current historiography of Cold War social science. First, the article investigates the role of disciplinary specialization in the advancement of new ideas about the social in the postwar period. Specifically, it asks how the debate over the relationship between sociology and Marxism-Leninism has challenged ideas about collectivism from Stalinist social science. Second, the article shows how social practice, individual and collective agency, and people's subjectivities became theoretically relevant in the 1960s, and how they were integrated, via empirical sociological research, into the reworked conceptual apparatus of post-Stalinist Marxism-Leninism. This complicates accounts about the role of quantification and theorization in postwar social science by foregrounding the intense reflection on the role of empirical research in sociology under state socialism. Third, the article shows how the relationship between individual and society became a topic of interest across social sciences in the 1960s and 1970s. The Marxist humanist approach to the social, although it never achieved the institutional status of a distinct discipline, adds an important perspective from East Central Europe to the existing historiography of the ‘thinning’ of the social in social sciences and social thought beginning in the 1950s.
Study on the tool life analysis for free-cutting steels
Authors: Zhang Junsheng , Yang Haidong , Tang Huohong , Chen Shunhua
Published: February 2022

Experimental study and theoretical calculation on the tool lives of free-cutting steels with different additions were carried out in terms of the friction characteristics, chip deformation, and normal stress distribution. The average friction coefficient, shear angle, and maximum normal stress were then calculated, and the influence of them on tool life was analyzed and discussed carefully. The free-cutting steel with Bi addition (MB) presented the best tool life of about 9200 and 5200 s at the speed of 150 and 200 m/min, respectively, which was mainly due to the combined effect of the lower average friction coefficient, maximum normal stress, and higher shear angle. When the cutting speed increased to 300 m/min, the tool life decreased rapidly, which was mainly caused by the serious tool wear behavior dominated by the high cutting temperature. Differing from the calculated results of shear angles based on Lee and Shaffer’s assumption, the measured shear angles decreased with the cutting speed ranging from 150 to 250 m/min, resulting from the thermal softening of workpiece material during machining. Moreover, the present findings indicated that the cutting process became unstable when the maximum normal stress on the tool nose was larger than 2 GPa, where catastrophic failures occurred, resulting in accelerated fracture of the tool. The research findings not only give more insight into the effect of friction characteristics, chip deformation, and normal stress distribution on the tool lives, but also have significance for the machining of free-cutting steels.
Prevalence of secondary flow due to hall currents on radiative squeezing flow of a CuO-water nanofluid in a rotating channel: numerical prediction
Authors: Shamshuddin MD , Rao P Srinivasa , Salawu SO , Chamkha AJ
Published: February 2022

The current study describes three-dimensional incompressible mixed convection flow with convective heat and mass transport on squeezing nanofluid from a rotating channel under impact of Hall current, heat source and Soret number. The current flow model is formulated to consider water based nanofluids with nanoparticle CuO (Copper Oxide). Effectively a nanoscale formulation with the Tiwari-Das model deployed to study material properties. The basic flow equations rendered to non-dimensional form via similarity transformation for which numerical simulations utilizing the fourth-fifth order Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg scheme with the help of Maple, it is a simple iteration scheme that does not require any evaluation of perturbation and linearization for solving non-linear system of equations. Graphical results for primary velocity, secondary velocity, temperature and nanoparticle concentration distributions are presented for different controlled parameters. Furthermore, computed numerical results for skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number for different emerging parameters are tabulated and discussed in detail. The results are verified for limiting cases by comparing with various investigators and found to be in excellent agreement. Outcomes reveal that decrease in secondary flow to a rising channel rotating term and Hall current term. Squeezing term improved the flow rate motion, but reduces nanoparticle conductivity and species diffusion. Thermo-diffusion term stimulated the CuO nanofluid reaction. The authors have hope that the results obtained in the present study not only provide useful information for applications, it also serves as a complement to the previous studies.
Influence of extrusion parameters on drilling machinability of AZ31 magnesium alloy
Authors: Köklü Uğur , Koçar Oğuz , Morkavuk Sezer , Giasin Khaled , Ayer Önder
Published: February 2022

AZ31 magnesium alloy is mainly used in aerospace applications due to its lightweight and good mechanical properties. The installation of AZ31 alloy in an aircraft usually requires machining operations such as drilling and milling for assembly purposes. The current study aims to investigate the effects of different extrusion ratios (1.77, 2.68, 3.55) on the drilling machinability of AZ31 alloys. The machinability was evaluated with thrust force, borehole surface quality, and chip characteristics. It was found that the thrust force and hole quality depend on the extrusion ratio and cutting parameters. The highest thrust force and surface roughness Ra occurred when drilling AZ31 alloy produced using the highest extrusion ratio of 3.55 in agreement with the improvement in the mechanical properties. The chip length decreased with the increase of the extrusion ratio depending on a decrease in the ductility, while SEM images showed that the AZ31 sample produced using intermediate extrusion ratio had the best hole edge quality and least burr formation.
Financial Leverage and Financial Performance of Savings and Credit Co-operative Societiesin Tanzania
Authors: Towo Nathaniel Naiman
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between financial leverage and financial performance of Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies in Tanzania (SACCOS). The study used a panel data set of 115 SACCOS in Tanzania in the period 2011–14 and fixed-effects models for analysis. The study considered the direct relationship between financial leverage and financial performance and the moderating effect of board meetings on the relationship between financial leverage and the SACCOS’s financial performance. The results show that financial leverage is negatively and significantly related to SACCOS financial performance. Also, board meetings have the significant and positive moderating effect on the financial leverage–financial performance relationship. Finally, the study suggests that SACCOS in Tanzania need to embrace more on mobilising internal funds from their members instead of relying on debt. This can reduce the dependence on debt which has been one of the operational costs’ drivers of the SACCOS in Tanzania.
Book review: Erik De Maaker and Meenal Tula. 2020. Unequal Land Relations in Northeast India: Custom, Gender and Market
Authors: Das Debojyoti
Published: February 2022

Erik De Maaker and Meenal Tula. 2020. Unequal Land Relations in Northeast India: Custom, Gender and Market. Guwahati: NESRC. 178 pp., ₹150, $10, E8. ISBN: 978-81-943578-5-8.
Capturing the Temporal Dynamics of Language Style Matching in Groups and Teams
Authors: Müller-Frommeyer Lena C. , Kauffeld Simone
Published: February 2022

This article presents a dynamic conceptualization for the assessment of language style matching (LSM) over time. LSM is a team’s mutual adaption of function words like pronouns, articles, or prepositions. LSM is a nonconsciously but frequently occurring communication behavior allowing researchers unobtrusive insights into teams’ internal dynamics. Building on guidelines for the alignment of construct and measurement, a dynamic conceptualization and method for LSM are introduced. Simulated examples and interactions of N = 160 individuals in 26 teams indicate that dynamic LSM allows for a truer estimation of LSM than the hitherto used static method. Implications for future application are discussed.
Outcomes and Management of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor–Induced Hypothyroidism: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Phillips Allison L. , Reeves David J.
Published: February 2022

Background:

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) used in cancer treatment cause immune-related adverse effects (irAEs), including thyroiditis leading to hypothyroidism. The management and outcomes of this irAE are not well established.

Objective:

The purpose of this analysis is to describe the onset, management, and outcomes of patients experiencing hypothyroidism from ICI.

Methods:

A retrospective study was conducted of adults receiving ICI therapy at a community cancer center between January 1, 2017, and February 1, 2020. The primary endpoint was to describe onset (timing) of hypothyroidism (thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH] > 10 µIU/mL). Secondary outcomes included describing hypothyroidism symptoms and levothyroxine use, time to documented disease progression, and occurrence of additional adverse effects (AEs).

Results:

Of the 200 patients included in the study, 19% developed clinical hypothyroidism (TSH > 10 µIU/mL, or required initiation of or dose increase in levothyroxine). Median time to TSH higher than 10 µIU/mL was 13.3 weeks and symptoms of hypothyroidism occurred in 34% of patients developing clinical hypothyroidism. The median final daily levothyroxine dose was 88 mcg (0.88 mcg/kg). Time to disease progression was longer in those with clinical hypothyroidism (27.4 months vs. 6.8 months, respectively, P = .015). Additional AEs occurred in 68% of those developing hypothyroidism versus 49% without hypothyroidism ( P = .029).

Conclusion and Relevance:

Patients with clinical hypothyroidism during ICI treatment may have improved cancer outcomes, but they also are more likely to develop other AEs. Patients requiring thyroid replacement therapy with levothyroxine may benefit from a starting dose between 50 and 100 mcg/day, approximately 0.88 mcg/kg/day.