bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Johann Georg Hamann, Memoráveis socráticas. Tradução, notas, cronologia e posfácio de José Miranda Justo. Segunda edição revista e aumentada. Lisboa: Centro de Filosofia da Universidade de Lisboa, 2017
Authors: Suzuki Márcio , Spezzapria Mario , Martone Juliana
Published: October 2019

Resenha e comentários críticos à tradução das Memoráveis socráticas, de Johann Georg Hamann. Tradução, notas, cronologia e posfácio de José Miranda Justo. Segunda edição revista e aumentada. Lisboa: Centro de Filosofia da Universidade de Lisboa, 2017.
Kant’s contribution to the philosophy of human rights
Authors: Tonetto Milene Consenso
Published: October 2019

In this paper I present some comments on Caranti’s book Kant’s Political Legacy, mainly on his approach to the foundations of human rights. I raise some questions on the way Caranti links Kant’s humanity principle, autonomy, human dignity, and the derivation of human rights. Besides that, I try to assess Kant’s true contributions to the philosophy of human rights by exploring questions on their nature and foundations. Neste artigo, apresento alguns comentários sobre o livro Kant’s Political Legacy de Luigi Caranti, principalmente a sua abordagem sobre os fundamentos dos direitos humanos. Levanto algumas questões sobre a maneira como Caranti liga o princípio de humanidade de Kant, a autonomia, a dignidade humana e a derivação de direitos humanos. Além disso, tento avaliar as efetivas contribuições de Kant para a filosofia dos direitos humanos, explorando algumas questões sobre sua natureza e fundamentação.
Kant contra os direitos humanos
Authors: Barbieri Aylton
Published: October 2019

O livro de Luigi Caranti, Kant’s Political Legacy: human Rights, peace, progress começa mostrando que Kant fundamenta os direitos humanos a partir da liberdade inata, como único direito inato que o homem possui tão somente em virtude de sua humanidade, do qual são deduzidos analiticamente também os direitos à igualdade, independência, integridade e imprejudicabilidade inatas, pois a humanidade deve ser entendida como um fim em si mesmo, o que implica que estes direitos devem ser seguidos com autonomia. Contudo, o conceito kantiano de liberdade inata não permite justificar uma teoria dos direitos humanos, inicialmente porque a liberdade inata constitui apenas um direito inato sobre o meu e o teu interior que possibilita a posse empírica de um objeto exterior, a qual se diferencia do meu e do teu exterior, a posse meramente jurídica, além disso, é necessário renunciar à liberdade inata para ingressar no estado civil, embora não se possa, por definição, alienar um direito humano; em segundo lugar, porque as quatro derivações analíticas da liberdade inata, que são coextensivas com ela, geram consequências incompatíveis com uma doutrina dos direitos humanos, pois, a igualdade inata e a independência inata se aplicam a um número muito restrito de seres humanos, enquanto os direitos humanos deveriam se referir à totalidade dos seres humanos.
Palavra do Editor / Editor Note
Authors: Editor Palavra do
Published: October 2019

A seção “Artigos” do presente número de Estudos Kantianos—correspondente ao fascículo 1 do Volume VI, referente ao período de janeiro a junho de 2018—é toda ela dedicada a comentários ao livro Kant’s Political Legacy: human Rights, peace, progress [Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2017], a mais recente obra de Luigi Caranti, docente e pesquisador da Università degli Studi di Catania e um dos Editores Associados de nossa revista, e de quem aqui publicamos as respostas a tais comentários.
Conceito
Authors: Faggion Andrea
Published: October 2019

De acordo com Immanuel Kant, há duas espécies de cognição: conceitos e intuições. Aqui, são apresentadas as principais características dos conceitos tal como foram desenvolvidas na filosofia de Kant.
Clareza e distinção
Authors: Faggion Andrea
Published: October 2019

A teoria do conhecimento moderna é marcada por investigações filosóficas sobre a natureza da causa/causalidade. Immanuel Kant prestou uma das principais contribuições a esse debate. Este trabalho sumariza brevemente a sua teoria da causa/causalidade.
Conhecimento racional por conceitos (filosofia) e conhecimento racional por construção de conceitos (matemática)
Authors: Seneda Marcos César
Published: October 2019

A distinção entre filosofia e matemática enquanto modos de operação da razão tem presença marcante nos cursos de Lógica de Kant, mas igualmente articula diversas soluções de problemas no interior do pensamento crítico. No entanto, ela data do período pré-crítico, tendo se tornado bem explícita já na obra Investigação sobre a distinção dos princípios da teologia natural e da moral (1764). Quase duas décadas depois, essa distinção será retomada na “Doutrina transcendental do método”, contida na Crítica da razão pura (1781). Ao contrário de Christian Wolff, que propunha uma divisão tripartite do conhecimento, distinguindo conhecimentos históricos, filosóficos e matemáticos, Kant aloca os conhecimentos filosóficos e matemáticos no interior da mesma divisão epistemológica: ambos são conhecimentos racionais. No entanto, um é conhecimento racional por conceitos (filosofia) e outro é conhecimento racional por construção de conceitos (matemática). Por meio dessa distinção e das oposições que ela comporta, Kant vai definir o método de trabalho do filósofo e do matemático e o modo de resolução de problemas específico de cada uma dessas disciplinas. Comparando os dois textos citados acima, pretendemos esclarecer os procedimentos metodológicos concebidos mediante essa distinção, e as respectivas tarefas epistemológicas que ela comporta.
Juízo-de-reflexão de gosto
Authors: Klotz Christian
Published: October 2019

O objetivo do verbete é explicitar a concepção kantiana do juízo-de-reflexão de gosto, focalizando tanto sua função como chave para a análise da experiência do belo quanto sua vinculação com a teoria crítica do conhecimento. Finalmente, a transformação da concepção kantiana em Schiller e Fichte e algumas leituras mais recentes (Allison, Henrich, Guyer) são discutidas.
Comprazimento
Authors: Freitas Verlaine
Published: October 2019

Apresentação dos elementos definidores do conceito de comprazimento, tomado como teoricamente intercambiável com o de prazer. Partindo das noções de fim e conformidade a fim, o prazer/comprazimento será definido pela consciência de o estado da mente se manter. Em seguida pontamos diversas características, materiais e transcendentais desses conceitos, mostrando as relações antropológica- e esteticamente relevantes deles com seu oposto, o desprazer. Por fim, indicamos seu vínculo com a dimensão cognitiva, importante no contexto da estética kantiana.
Universalidade subjetiva
Authors: Oliveira Bernardo Barros
Published: October 2019

O problema da reivindicação de validade universal por parte de quem emite um juízo do tipo “isto é belo” levou a investigação crítico transcendental para o terreno do tradicional tema da beleza. Aqui se tenta resumir o modo como este problema é trazido para a esfera da investigação transcendental, a saber, em dois movimentos: o primeiro, que chamamos de negativo, visa demonstrar a ausência de interesses ou dependência para com o objeto, chegando com isso à definição de um modo de julgar cujo fundamento é o prazer, sendo este, porém, desinteressado.O segundo passo da terceira crítica consistiu em demonstrar a origem deste prazer desinteressado na psicologia transcendental, na relação entre as faculdades de conhecimento, especialmente as do entendimento e imaginação.
Predispositions to the Good (Anlagen zum Gute)
Authors: Muchnik Pablo
Published: October 2019

In Part I of Religion within the boundaries of Mere Reason, Kant distinguishes three predispositions to the good: animality, humanity, and personality (R 6:26). Unlike the propensities to evil, which are “contingent for humanity in general” (R 6:29), the predispositions to good are “original (ursprunglich), for they belong to the possibility of human nature” (R 6:28). Animality and humanity express two different variants of self-love (“mechanical” and “comparing”), whose mode of operation can be traced back to Rousseau’s distinction between “amour de soi” and “amour propre.” Seen this way, the predispositions to the good are not merely determinants of our anthropological structure, but have also a diachronic implication. Animality designates the characteristic moral outlook of agents in the state of nature, while humanity expresses the moral orientation of civilized individuals (their unsociable sociability). Upon these tendencies, Kant believes, all sorts of vices can be grafted. The predisposition to personality, however, stands as a category all of its own: it is irreducible to self-love and immune to any moral corruption (a feature of great importance for the prospects of moral regeneration). Kant conceives of personality as the end towards which all the other predispositions to the good contribute as necessary conditions. The attainment of this end requires a qualitative shift in the moral orientation of the human species, a transformation without which it would impossible for the species to comply with the collective duty of realizing the highest good.
La doctrina de la definición a principios de la década de 1760
Authors: Martínez Luciana
Published: October 2019

En este artículo se estudia la doctrina kantiana de las definiciones en la primera mitad de la década de 1760. Esta doctrina tiene una función importante en la argumentación del Preisschrift, con la que Kant exhibe las razones por las que el método matemático no es provechoso para la investigación metafísica. En primer lugar, se analiza el texto del Preisschrift. Luego se examinan otros textos publicados por Kant en esos años. Por último, se estudian los apuntes de clase elaborados por Herder a partir de los cursos de Kant.
A discussão sobre a possibilidade de uma força fundamental em Kant – Algumas considerações
Authors: Rocha Leandro José
Published: October 2019

Este artigo problematiza o uso feito por Kant da noção de força e de alguns termos à ela relacionadas (como, por exemplo, força fundamental, força formadora, força vital) bem como o uso do termo em questão em relação a alguns outros, como faculdade e capacidade. Essa discussão inicia-se com um problema de compreensão do sentido do termo força, em uma abordagem relacionada à vida derivada, amplia-se para uma fusão de campos semânticos que mantém como pano de fundo a questão da possibilidade de uma força fundamental, e encerra-se considerando a impossibilidade de qualificar qual seria essa força fundamental que a razão nos impele a considerar enquanto hipótese.
Physical, Chemical-physical and chemical characterization of must and integral juice in grape cultivars
Authors: Viana I. T. S. , Fonseca G. V. A. , Bueno G. H. , Melo J. O. F.
Published: October 2019

In recent years there has been an important increase in the production of grape derivatives such as integral grape juice. Thus, it was intended with the accomplishment of this study to evaluate the composition of the grape juice of the grape cultivars: Bordô, Concord e Isabel in the composition of integral grape juice from the Bento Gonçalves-RS. The samples were evaluated for classical analysis:°Brix, pH, titratable acidity, ratio Brix / titratable acidity made through methods, physics, physical chemistry and chemistry. The mineral elements sodium and potassium analyzed by flame emission and color intensity by colorimetry. For the statistical analysis of the data, the Tukey test was applied at the 5% level of significance. The contents of integral grape juice evaluated, SS, A Tand minerals presented according to the legislation, the pH was within the comparative average with other works. The determination of the color demonstrated the need to make cuts.
Quality of the sleep of truck drivers that travel in the region of the extreme-west of Santa Catarina
Authors: Cetolin S. F. , Silva R. , Berber G. C. M. , Joris J. M. , Steffani J. A. , Moser A. M. M.
Published: October 2019

This study aimed to perform a subjective evaluation of the sleep quality of truck drivers in the extreme western region of Santa Catarina. For this purpose, a questionnaire was used to evaluate the participants' profile and two other questionnaires to measure the degree of sleepiness (Epworth Scale) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index. The sample consisted of 179 truck drivers, all of them male, aged between 21 and 65 years; 77.65% married and 22.34% single; 72.6% have children, with an average of two children per participant. As for the professional profile, 75.9% of the interviewees work as wage earners and 24.1% as freelancers. The type of route covered, in most cases, is long distance, representing 66%, and 34% being short distance routes. Regarding the educational level, 53.5% of the participants have elementary education; 42.4% high school and 3.9% were graduates. Overweight or obesity was identified in 59.80% of the interviewees. About sleep quality, 22.5% reported sleeping less than 5 hours daily; 35.1% from 5h to 6h; 29.0% from 6h to 7h; 12.8% sleep more than 7 hours. On the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, 67.0% presented no sleepiness; 27.3% presented mild degree of somnolence; 5.5% had moderate degree of somnolence. Regarding the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, it was verified that 55.8% presented subjective poor sleep quality. The results suggested that lifestyle and poor habits can negatively influence the health of these professionals.
Electrochemical corrosion study via linear polarization in peas can
Authors: Costa I. M. , Taroco G. C. , Garcia E. M. , Melo J. O. F. , Souza A. G. , Balestra R. M. , Taroco H. A.
Published: October 2019

The aim of this work is to study the corrosion of tinplate can for peas. Firstly, the characterization of canning solution was made. The values of pH, conductivity, Brix, viscosity, density and content of Fe were, respectively, 5.88; 32.6 mS/cm; 6.6%; 3,42cP; 1.026 g/ml; 12.05 mg/kg. The corrosion rate in the cans was determined by linear polarization technique. The electrodes with and without varnish were analyzed in the first and fifth day of the experiment for the 3 parts of the can. The corrosion rate increased significantly when the coating was removed and the body showed a higher corrosion rate, reaching 1.7 mm/year in the absence of varnish. The microstructure of the samples was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The increase of iron on the surface, evidenced by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) may have contributed to the corrosion in the samples without varnish.
Practical lessons: Important tool in the Natural Science teaching
Authors: Oliveira F. M. , Silva A. N. A. , Reis G. D. , Melo J. O. F. , Taroco H. A. , Garcia E. M. , Souza A. G.
Published: October 2019

The practical lessons are a powerful tool for the learning process improvement in science subjects, especially in chemistry field, as they provide a better association of practice and theory, problem solving and daily inquiries. This project aimed to enhance and encourage learning in science as well as collaborating with the formation of young students from public schools. Took part in this project around 70 youngsters from the first year of high school. Two questionnaires were applied to the students, one before starting the research and another at the end, through which we could observe an excellent development of the students regarding the scientific concepts and school performance. Throughout the year practical activities were developed, with content related to daily life, always making usage of alternative materials and a booklet, which was developed to assist this project. The lessons were developed in their classroom. It can be assured that the practical lessons were crucial to the science teaching, because they enabled a better learning theory. The results were very promising towards the development and interest of students and teachers.
المنهج التاريخي قيمته وآلية توظيفه
Authors: إسماعيل سليمان
Published: October 2019

لأن الإنسان انعكاسُ بيئته ونِتاج مجتمعه، فلا شك في كونه يتأثر بهما، ولعل هذا الأثر يظهر جليّا لدى الأديب أكثر من غيره، فهو حين يعبر عن أفكاره فيكتبها وينشرها، فإنه يترك بصمة تدل على أنه ابن ذلك الزمان، أو المكان، أو المنهج.
تتعدد المناهج النقدية، ويعد المنهج التاريخي من أول المناهج التي عنيت بالبحث والدراسة بغية دراسة تطور الفكر واللغة، وبهدف الاستفادة من حقائق التاريخ، ونظرياته، وقوانينه في دراسة الأدب ونقده، في هذه الدراسة يهدف الباحث إلى بيان معنى هذا المنهج، وشرح حقيقته، فيتتبع دلالة الكلمة، ويبين أهمية المنهج التاريخي في جوانب العلم المختلفة، كما يفرّق بين تاريخ الأدب والتاريخ العام، ويعرّف الباحث بالمنهج التاريخي وأعلامه الغربيين، وبقيمته في النقد العربي قديمه وحديثه، ويضعه في الميزان، فيجلّي عيوبه، وما أخذ عليه من مآخذ، ثم ينتهي الباحث إلى عدد من النتائج والمستخلصات التي تؤكد أنه- وعلى الرغم من أهميته- فإنه ليس للمنهج التاريخي أن يستقل بنفسه، فلابد أن يسانده المنهج الفني؛ لأن التذوق والحكم ودراسة الخصائص الفنية ضرورة في كل مرحلة.
التوفيق بين العقل والنقل عند الكندي: دراسة تحليلية
Authors: عبد الصادق محمد
Published: October 2019

كان للكندي السبق في مسألة التوفيق بين العقل والنقل، فأثبت العلاقة بين العقل والنقل، وسعى إلى التوفيق بين هذين المصدرين بالمنطق للوصول إلى اليقين، وكان ذلك مؤكدًا عند الكندي في مؤلفاته المختلفة والمتمثلة في رسائله المختلفة المذكورة في البحث، ومن خلال تأكيد الكندي بأن الفلسفة تهتم بالعلل والأسباب والعلم بالمعلولات للوصول إلى حقائق ويقينيات، وقد بنى استراتيجيته في الدفاع عن الفلسفة من خلال ما جاء في إشارته بأن الفلسفة تعني الوجود بأنه موجود، وبأن الفلسفة علم الأشياء بحقائقها، وبقدر طاقة الإنسان، كما اهتم بالعقل وحدد مراتبه حيث عرفه بأنه جوهر بسيط يدرك الأشياء بحقائقها. كما قسم العقل إلى أربعة أقسام، كما كان له أفكار تحتوي على أدلة حدوث العالم وتناهي الزمان والحركة.
وبشأن مسألة التوفيق بين العقل والنقل ينظر الكندي للدين نظرة عقلية، محاولًا تفسير الدين بأدلة عقلية، وهذا ما دفعه للدفاع عن الدين بأسلوب عقلي محاولًا تحاشي أخطاء آراء المعتزلة وبعض أهل السنة الذين وقعوا في متناقضات عدة على الرغم بأنه يحسب على المعتزلة في بداية حياته الفكرية، وكان ينزع عند تفسيره لآيات القرآن الكريم نزعة عقلية، فكان يجتهد في تفسيرها اعتمادًا على عقله، وهذا ما يبعده عن تهمة أنه اعتزالي بصورة خالصة؛ لأن الطابع الفلسفي كان يغلب عليه لإيمانه الراسخ بالدين والفلسفة في آنٍ واحد.
جدلية الاعتراف والبوح في الرّواية النّسائيّة الجزائريّة
Authors: عبود أوريدة
Published: October 2019

تروم هذه الدراسة البحث في استراتيجية الرواية النسائية،التي تمتح من قوة الحساسية لتعاين بشفافية ماهية خريطة وجود المرأة في لحظات تأزمها، فتسبر عالمها الداخلي الملتبس برؤية جريئة تمكن الفعل الروائي من السيرورة الدرامية ،لارتكازها على لغة البوح وشجون الذكريات الحافرة في ماهيات التفاعل الأنثوي. كما تسعى دراستنا كذلك إلى تصوير أزمة المرأة وصراعها النفسي الداخلي الذي تتخبط فيه، صراع الأنا مع الذات ومع الآخر وما ينجر عنهما من تناقضات على مستوى الفكر والهوية والمصير.
لقد انفتحت الرواية النسائية على الوجع الأنثوي في محاولة منها لإيصال صوت المرأة الذي يرفض التهميش والاضطهاد ،كما انفتحت على أشكال تعبيرية أخرى كفن الاعتراف والمذكرات، وفي هذا السياق من التجريب الإبداعي ولدت رواية السيرة الذاتية ،التي جاءت استجابة طبيعية لمسألتين مهمتين؛ الأولى استجابة لقانون التطور في الجنس الأدبي ذاته ضمن دائرته الأوسع وتقاطعاته مع غيره من الفنون التي تتماس معه، والثانية استجابة لحرية الكتابة التي بدأت الروائيات يجنحن إليها في عالم مليء بالأفكار على الرغم من خصوصية التجربة الفردية، وضمن هذا المناخ الإبداعي والإنساني جاءت رواية رجالي للكاتبة "مليكة" مقدم مستفيدة من كل ذلك التطور في البناء الروائي بالاعتماد على استراتيجيات سردية كالتأرجح بين عمليتي الاعتراف والبوح لتبدأ بعدها عملية مساءلة الذات قصد إفراز مكبوتاتها والعودة إلى ذاكرتها.
دراسة مقارنة لنظام إعداد معلم مرحلة التعليم الأساسي بكل من ليبيا ومصر وماليزيا
Authors: اندش حميدة
Published: October 2019

يهدف البحث الحالي إلى الوقوف على الملامح الأساسية لنظام إعداد معلم مرحلة التعليم الأساسي في كل من ليبيا ، وجمهورية مصر العربية وماليزيا في ضوء القوى والعوامل المجتمعية لكل منهم، ومعرفة أوجه الشبه والاختلاف بين نظام إعداد معلم مرحلة التعليم الأساسي في كل من ليبيا ودولتي المقارنة، في محاولة للاستفادة من جهود كل من جمهورية مصر العربية وماليزيا في تطوير إعداد معلم مرحلة التعليم الأساسي بهدف تحسين وتطوير إعداد المعلم في ليبيا، وتقديم تصور مقترح لإعداد معلم مرحلة التعليم الأساسي في ليبيا في ضوء خبرات دول المقارنة.
Libyan Students’ Use of English Coordinating Conjunctions in Their Writing
Authors: Es-skare Hawa , Msimeer Amel , Elzawawi Fatma
Published: October 2019

This study aimed at studying the use of English coordinating conjunctions (for, and, nor, but, or, yet and so) by Libyan university students, as learners of English as a foreign language. The data was collected from (34) students who studied at the Department of English in the Faculty of Arts at Misurata University. They were tested by two questions; filling gaps in seven separate sentences and writing two paragraphs. The students' answers and compositions were analyzed by identifying students' recognition of the semantic functions of the seven coordinating conjunctions, the frequency of occurrence of these conjunctions in their writing, and finally appropriate and inappropriate use of these conjunctions in writing paragraphs. The findings revealed that the majority of participants were unable to recognize the semantic functions of some unfamiliar conjunctions in the given sentences, tended to use some common coordinators than other ones, and employed conjunctions inappropriately in their writing.
Head Movement, Suspended Affixation, and the Turkish Clausal Spine
Authors: Serova Kutay
Published: October 2019

Previous work has shown that Turkish has two structurally different ways of forming predicates with a range of effects for phonological stress, the selection of verbal suffixes, and particle placement (Hankamer 2008; Kelepir 2001; Kornfilt 1996; Zanon 2014). I present evidence drawn from a pilot study of a previously unnoticed difference between these predicate types: In vP-sized or larger coordinated phrases which realize a single sentencefinal predicate, verbal predicates are highly degraded when the person features on the conjuncts’ subjects mismatch, while participial predicates are relatively acceptable under the same conditions. Building on Kelepir (2001) & Zanon (2014)’s work on head-movement in Turkish predicates, I argue that gapping generates these strings from different sized coordinations, and explains the grammatical degradation split observed in the pilot study if we assume a more stringent identity requirement in Turkish gapping than we do for English.
Logophoric Centers as Antecedents of NOC PRO: Evidence from Turkish Subject Infinitives
Authors: Göksu Duygu
Published: October 2019

This paper questions the mechanism behind the control structure observed in subject infinitival clauses in Turkish. After comparing the main points of the proposals in the Movement Theory of Control in Boeckx, Hornstein, and Nunes (2010), pragmatics based Non-Obligatory Control analysis in Landau (2013), and the UPro Approach in McFadden and Sundaresan (2016), I conclude with the claim that these are logophoric center sensitive NOC structures.
'Now' with Subordinate Clauses
Authors: Carter Sam , Altshuler Daniel
Published: October 2019

We investigate a novel use of the English temporal modifier ‘now’, in which it combines with a subordinate clause. We argue for a univocal treatment of the expression, on which the subordinating use is taken as basic and the nonsubordinating uses are morphologically derived. We start by surveying central features of the latter uses which have been discussed in previous work, before introducing key observations regarding the subordinating use of ‘now’ and its relation to deictic and anaphoric uses. All of these data , it is argued, can be accounted for on our proposed analysis. We conclude by comparing ‘now’ to a range of other expressions which exhibit similar behavior.
MEASURING AND ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS ON EUROPEAN REAL PROPERTY MARKET
Authors: Mach Łukasz
Published: October 2019

Economic development of countries, regions or entities operating on the market is possible when favourable economic conditions outweigh adverse conditions. Examining the development of European economy, it is possible to observe this regularity in the majority of periods, i.e. the bull market had a more intense and longer impact on the economy in comparison with the bear market, enabling constant economic development of Europe. Globalisation, a relative ease of financing investment activity, financial over-liquidity, negative interest rates: all of them result in the fact that previously verified and correctly operating mechanisms and market models have become unpredictable. During the latest crisis, the European real property market lost some part of its potential. The loss varied in individual EU member-countries. Some of them coped with the crisis quite successfully, others managed to do so on the average, still others have felt its effects until today. Making use of regressive techniques, the author undertook to measure and assess the impact of the global crisis on the property market. Consequently, the effects and intensity of its impact regarding the number of issued building permits, number of the employed in construction industry, value of construction production and prices of real property were measured.
Accretion-induced Collapse of Dark Matter Admixed White Dwarfs. I. Formation of Low-mass Neutron Stars
Authors: Leung Shing-Chi , Zha Shuai , Chu Ming-Chung , Lin Lap-Ming , Nomoto Ken’ichi
Published: October 2019

Recently observed pulsars with masses ∼1.1 M
⊙ challenge the conventional neutron star (NS) formation path by core-collapse supernova (CCSN). Using spherically symmetric hydrodynamics simulations, we follow the collapse of a massive white dwarf (WD) core triggered by electron capture, until the formation of a proto-NS (PNS). For initial WD models with the same central density, we study the effects of a static, compact dark matter (DM) admixed core on the collapse and bounce dynamics and mass of the PNS, with DM mass ∼0.01 M
⊙. We show that increasing the admixed DM mass generally leads to a slower collapse and smaller PNS mass, down to about 1.0 M
⊙. Our results suggest that the accretion-induced collapse of DM admixed WDs can produce low-mass NSs, such as the observed low-mass pulsar J0453+1559, which cannot be obtained by conventional NS formation path by CCSN.
Evidence for Low Radiative Efficiency or Highly Obscured Growth of z > 7 Quasars
Authors: Davies Frederick B. , Hennawi Joseph F. , Eilers Anna-Christina
Published: October 2019

The supermassive black holes (SMBHs) observed at the centers of all massive galaxies are believed to have grown via luminous accretion during quasar phases in the distant past. The fraction of inflowing rest mass energy emitted as light, the radiative efficiency, has been inferred to be 10%, in agreement with expectations from thin disk accretion models. But the existence of billion solar-mass SMBHs powering quasars at z > 7 challenges this picture: provided they respect the Eddington limit, there is not enough time to grow z > 7 SMBHs from stellar remnant seeds unless the radiative efficiency is below 10%. Here we show that one can constrain the radiative efficiencies of the most distant quasars known using foreground neutral intergalactic gas as a cosmological-scale ionizing photon counter. From the Lyα absorption profiles of ULAS J1120+0641 (z = 7.09) and ULAS J1342+0928 (z = 7.54), we determine posterior median radiative efficiencies of 0.08% and 0.1%, respectively, and the combination of the two measurements rules out the canonical 10% efficiency at 99.8% credibility after marginalizing over the unknown obscured fraction. This low radiative efficiency implies rapid mass accretion for the earliest SMBHs, greatly easing the tension between the age of the universe and the SMBH masses. However, our measured efficiency may instead reflect nearly complete obscuration by dusty gas in the quasar host galaxies over the vast majority of their SMBH growth. Assuming 10% efficiency during unobscured phases, we find that the obscured fraction would be >82% at 95% credibility, and imply a

times larger obscured than unobscured luminous quasar population at z > 7.
The Earliest Candidates of Auroral Observations in Assyrian Astrological Reports: Insights on Solar Activity around 660 BCE
Authors: Hayakawa Hisashi , Mitsuma Yasuyuki , Ebihara Yusuke , Miyake Fusa
Published: October 2019

Auroral records found in historical archives and cosmogenic isotopes found in natural archives have served as sound proxies of coronal mass ejections and solar energetic particles (SEPs), respectively, for dates prior to the onset of telescopic sunspot observations in 1610. These space weather events constitute a significant threat to a modern civilization, because of its increasing dependency on an electronic infrastructure. Recent studies have identified multiple extreme space weather events derived from SEPs in natural archives, such as the event in 660 BCE. While the level of solar activity around 660 BCE is of great interest, this had not been within the coverage of the hitherto-known datable auroral records in historical documents that extend back to the 6th century BCE. Therefore, we have examined Assyrian astrological reports in the 8th and 7th centuries BCE, identified three observational reports of candidate aurorae, and dated these reports to approximately 680 BCE–650 BCE. The Assyrian cuneiform tablets let us extend the history of auroral records and solar activity by a century. These cuneiform reports are considered to be the earliest datable records of candidate aurorae and they support the concept of enhanced solar activity suggested by the cosmogenic isotopes from natural archives.
Coronal Response to Magnetically Suppressed CME Events in M-dwarf Stars
Authors: Alvarado-Gómez Julián D. , Drake Jeremy J. , Moschou Sofia P. , Garraffo Cecilia , Cohen Ofer ,   (NASA LWS Focus Science Team: The Solar-Stellar Connection), Yadav Rakesh K. , Fraschetti Federico
Published: October 2019

We report the results of the first state-of-the-art numerical simulations of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) taking place in realistic magnetic field configurations of moderately active M-dwarf stars. Our analysis indicates that a clear, novel, and observable, coronal response is generated due to the collapse of the eruption and its eventual release into the stellar wind. Escaping CME events, weakly suppressed by the large-scale field, induce a flare-like signature in the emission from coronal material at different temperatures due to compression and associated heating. Such flare-like profiles display a distinctive temporal evolution in their Doppler shift signal (from red to blue), as the eruption first collapses toward the star and then perturbs the ambient magnetized plasma on its way outwards. For stellar fields providing partial confinement, CME fragmentation takes place, leading to rise and fall flow patterns which resemble the solar coronal rain cycle. In strongly suppressed events, the response is better described as a gradual brightening, in which the failed CME is deposited in the form of a coronal rain cloud leading to a much slower rise in the ambient high-energy flux by relatively small factors (∼2–3). In all the considered cases (escaping/confined) a fractional decrease in the emission from midrange coronal temperature plasma occurs, similar to the coronal dimming events observed on the Sun. Detection of the observational signatures of these CME-induced features requires a sensitive next generation X-ray space telescope.
Evidence of Nonluminous Matter in the Center of M62
Authors: Abbate Federico , Possenti Andrea , Colpi Monica , Spera Mario
Published: October 2019

Theoretical models suggest that intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) may form and reside in the centers of globular clusters. IMBHs are still elusive to observations, but the accelerations of pulsars may bring along a unique fingerprint of their presence. In this work, we focus on the pulsars in the globular cluster M62. Using the new distance of M62 obtained from Gaia observations, we find that the measured pulsars’ accelerations suggest a central excess of mass in the range [1200, 6000] M
☉, corresponding to [0.2, 1]% of the current total mass of the cluster. Our analysis cannot unambiguously discriminate between an IMBH or a system of stellar mass dark remnants of comparable total mass.
Avaliação da maturidade em gestão de projetos em um departamento de desenvolvimento de novos produtos
Authors: Abrahão Pérsio Vitor de Sena , Oliveiva Edson Aparecida de Araújo Querido
Published: October 2019

Os projetos estão presentes no dia a dia de praticamente todas as organizações, com investimentos que representa quase um terço do PIB mundial. Muitas empresas têm utilizado  os modelos de maturidade para avaliar a capacidade de gestão de seus projetos e estabelecer ações de melhoria. O Modelo Prado MMGP tem sido muito utilizado no Brasil para  a avaliação de departamentos isolados. Ele, assim com a maioria deles, se baseia unicamente em respostas a um questionário, isso pode prejudicar a acurácia dos resultados em situações onde há uma quantidade muito reduzida de pessoas qualificadas para respondê-lo. Este estudo tem como objetivo verificar a aplicabilidade da análise dos documentos relacionados ao gerenciamento de projetos, como instrumento complementar ao  método Prado-MMGP para ampliar as discussões e melhorar a avaliação do nível de maturidade. Para isso, optou-se pela realização de um estudo de caso único do tipo descritivo-exploratório em um departamento de desenvolvimento de novos produtos em uma  empresa de base tecnológica de médio porte. Com a utilização de critérios semelhantes  ao modelo MMGP pôde-se calcular os índices de aderência aos níveis e dimensões desse modelo, que produziram resultados comparáveis aos da aplicação do questionário e possibilitou analisar os resultados por diferentes fontes de evidência. Assim, pôde-se verificar que a utilização das evidências documentais pode trazer informações adicionais e contribuir para melhorar a acurácia na avaliação do nível de maturidade. Porém, sua aplicação fica restrita aos casos onde o pesquisador tenha acesso aos documentos dos projetos.
Análise de erros na gestão de processos e na organização do trabalho em hospitais
Authors: Amaral Fernando Gonçalves , Nunes Vivian Pizzato
Published: October 2019

O dinamismo e a complexidade dos processos da área da saúde e seus serviços afins implica em exigências de investimentos na área de processos e da organização do trabalho. Para se manter competitivo, como organização produtiva, o hospital também necessita se adequar às exigências do mercado atual, buscando o aperfeiçoamento dos seus procedimentos organizacionais. Este trabalho tem como objetivo a análise dos processos e da organização do trabalho no Centro de Materiais e Esterilização de um hospital, objetivando a otimização do setor, bem como a predição dos erros durante a execução das atividades observadas. Para a realização do estudo, foi utilizado o método Hierarchical Task Analisys (HTA), que permite apontar e prevenir erros e perdas por meio da hierarquização das tarefas e subtarefas do processo. Como resultado da pesquisa, obteve-se o detalhamento dos procedimentos abordados, bem como a identificação de possíveis erros no processo e suas medidas preventivas.
Gestão do conhecimento: como as organizações públicas do Brasil percebem esse modelo?
Authors: Castro Ahiram Brunni Cartaxo de , Brito Lydia Maria Pinto
Published: October 2019

A Gestão do Conhecimento (GC) é o novo modelo de gerir as organizações através da inteligência das pessoas como processo de gerar vantagem competitiva. Nesse sentido questiona-se: como as organizações públicas tem percebido este modelo? O objetivo da pesquisa foi levantar como as organizações públicas brasileiras percebem o modelo da GC. A metodologia utilizada foi estudo exploratório por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica em trabalhos disponíveis em meio impresso e digital nos portais acadêmicos na internet sobre GC em organizações públicas no brasil. Os resultados demonstram que: não há na grande maioria das organizações pesquisadas nem explicitação nem formalização da GC. Além disso, com relação à intenção estratégica das práticas, a GC ainda não é uma prioridade para a maioria das organizações públicas, que ainda focam suas ações nos processos táticos para resolução dos problemas do dia a dia, em atividades de obtenção, facilitação, aprendizagem, armazenamento e disseminação do conhecimento.
Otimização no processo produtivo de máquinas dispensadoras de cédulas
Authors: Dos santos Rodolfo Marinho
Published: October 2019

Para a atual economia globalizada em que vivemos, a sobrevivência das organizações depende da habilidade e flexibilidade para inovar e efetuar melhorias contínuas em seus processos. Nesse contexto, as organizações buscam novas ferramentas de gerenciamento, que as direcionem para uma maior competitividade através da qualidade e produtividade. Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de otimização no processo produtivo de Máquinas Dispensadoras de Cédulas usando princípios da Mentalidade Enxuta e da Reengenhariade Processos. O método foi criado através de características encontradas em duasmetodologias existentesdaMentalidadeEnxutaedesoluçõesdesenhadaspelaReengenhariadeProcessoscom este propósito. Estas características foram identificadas, selecionadas e adaptadas para usono métodoseguindoummodelodegestãodemudança.Emseguida,ométodofoiaplicadoemum processo produtivodeumaempresade Manaus, a qual faço parto do quadro de funcionários, no cargo de Engenheiro de Processos,seusresultadosforammedidos apresentandoboasmelhoriasemrelaçãoàmaiorvelocidadedeprocessamentodeinformações, redução da quantidade de pessoas necessárias e maior porcentagem de tempo de agregação devalor. Por último, foram apresentadas observações sobre as limitações do método e da generalizaçãodos resultados da aplicaçãoapresentada
Plano de cargos e salários para indústria cerâmica do oeste do Paraná
Authors: Zanella Tamara Pereira , Rojo Cláudio Antônio
Published: October 2019

O objetivo do estudo está na identificação do nível de satisfação bem como desenvolver um Plano de cargos e salários para motivação dos colaboradores. A situação problema aqui evidenciada é a necessidade de indústria cerâmica motivar seus colaboradores para o desempenho de suas atividades. Diante disso este trabalho abordou a gestão dos recursos humanos com a sugestão de plano de cargos e salários em indústria cerâmica do oeste do Paraná, visando melhoria do clima organizacional e da produtividade dos colaboradores. A metodologia baseou-se na pesquisa/ação, dividida em etapas: diagnóstico, sugestões e desenvolvimento de plano de cargos e salários. A obtenção de dados ocorreu por meio de visitas na organização, bem como contatos via telefone e e-mail, utilizando abordagem qualitativa. As conclusões obtidas apontaram para a relevância da gestão de recursos humanos, principalmente a motivação dos colaboradores na organização, e consequente melhoria de seu clima organizacional. Foram apresentadas propostas de adequações para melhor desempenho da empresa.
A utilização da metodologia FMEA e SLP para priorização de riscos ocupacionais: um estudo de caso realizado em um laboratório de pesquisa
Authors: Silva Estela Vitória Da Silva e , De Sousa Samantha Costa , Ribeiro Sarah Nascimento , Dos Santos Tiago Silva , Monteiro Nathália Jucá
Published: October 2019

A legislação brasileira define parâmetros e propõe métodos que visam a garantia da saúde e segurança no trabalho. Dentre estes métodos, está o mapeamento de riscos de acidentes. Neste artigo foi abordada a aplicação do modelo FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) que juntamente com o mapa de risco vislumbraram informações essenciais sobre as probabilidades de ocorrência de acidentes e as possíveis gravidades dos riscos em um laboratório de polímeros e processos de transformações de materiais, de um centro universitário no sudeste do estado do Pará, no município de Marabá. Houve uma visão detalhada dos processos do ambiente estudado, e com isso, propostas de melhorias ao layout foram dadas através da aplicação da metodologia SLP (Systematic Layout Planning). Logo, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as condições em relação a segurança do trabalho, as disponibilidades de equipamentos de proteção, e além disso se propôs um modelo de mapa de risco, layout planejado e um parâmetro de possíveis falhas que podem proporcionar maiores ricos ocupacionais, tornando assim os profissionais e acadêmicos, que atuam no laboratório, menos vulneráveis a acidentes.
O mecanismo de patenteamento como estímulo à inovação tecnológica no Brasil
Authors: Gonçalves Bruno Setton , Rito Vanusa Maria de Souza , De Melo José Nilton , Da Silva Gabriel Francisco , De Santana José Ricardo
Published: October 2019

O presente artigo buscar identificar como as variáveis de desempenho (explicativas), representadas pelo financiamento público, gastos com P&D das empresas e capital humano influenciam o processo de inovação, representado pelo mecanismo de patenteamento (variável dependente), e analisar essas variáveis na perspectiva regional. Para realização do estudo, foi utilizado o método econométrico de regressão com dados em painel, considerando os últimos dez anos, distribuídos por triênio (2005, 2008, 2011 e 2014) e por região brasileira. Para este estudo, foram analisados dados da Pesquisa de Inovação (PINTEC), nas edições 2005, 2008, 2011, e 2014, dados do Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial (INPI), do Sistema de Informações Georeferenciadas (GEOCAPES), da FINEP e do BNDES, no período de 2005 a 2014. Quanto aos resultados encontrados apesar da presença de outliers, ter gerado algumas distorções na interpretação dos testes estatísticos aplicados às amostras, pode-se inferir que as variáveis de desempenho elencadas no modelo explicam em 57% o número de depósitos de patentes no Brasil, confirmando a hipótese adotada. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Patentes. Financiamento Público. Dados em Painel. Brasil.
Understanding the operating landscape of the global airline industry: A DEA integrated alternating conditional expectation approach
Authors: Low Joyce , Yang Kum Khiong
Published: October 2019

Purpose: This study investigates the relationships between service efficiency in 5 major cost centres (namely, business orientation, network coverage, physical resources, maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO), and human resources) and profitability in the global airline industry.Design/methodology/approach: The study integrates the Slack-based Model (SBM) of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with the Alternating Conditional Expectation (ACE) regression to understand the relationships between an airline’s profitability and its efficiencies in 5 identified operations areas.Findings: Based on the observational data obtained from 75 international airlines, the relationships between operational performances and profitability are found to be curvilinear and contingent on an airline’s operating model.Research limitations/implications: The omission of non-IATA airlines and many low cost carriers may hinder a holistic view of the airline industry.Practical implications: Management can influence the profitability of an airline through its strategic operations decisions that affect an airline’s cost, service quality, and financial structure after the influences of location and size have set the stage. Airlines pursuing cost leadership should seek to increase productivity especially in MRO, human resources and physical resources; whereas airlines pursuing service differentiation may choose to provide quality service at lower efficiencies or pursue an approach to improve quality and efficiencies simultaneously.Originality/value: Identifying operations practices that are consistent with a firm’s competitive priorities is important in the multifaceted service environment today. An integrated SBM-ACE regression model, which permits different input-output mix, variable return to scale and non-linear relationship, is proposed and applied to analyze the profit impact of service efficiencies in the five key operations areas.
Routine Use of a Silicone Stent in a Dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Older Jay Justin
Published: October 2019

SUMMARY

The procedure for doing a dacryocystorhinostomy with silicone stents isdescribed. The stent was well tolerated in all 70 procedures. Fifty-four of the 70 procedures were tested postoperatively by irrigation or by the Jones dye test. Of these procedures in which objective testing was done, 94% were felt to be successful.
Pegaptanib for Choroidal Neovascularization in Treatment-Naïve Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Ehlers Justis P. , Fintak David R. , Gupta Omesh P. , Regillo Carl D. , Fineman Mitchell S. , Ho Allen C.
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the use of intravitreal pegaptanib in the treatment of choroidal neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in treatment-naïve patients.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

In a consecutive, retrospective case series, treatment-naïve patients with exudative AMD were treated with intravitreal pegaptanib. Intravitreal injections were typically given every 6 weeks at the discretion of the treating physician. Snellen visual acuity (VA), clinical course, and adverse events were monitored. A minimum of three pegaptanib injections were given. Retreatment criteria included persistent submacular fluid, macular edema, new macular hemorrhage, and loss of vision.

RESULTS

The average change in VA for all lesions was a loss of 2.9 lines. Fifteen (14%) patients gained more than 3 lines of VA. The average number of injections was 4.8. Ninety-two of 111 lesions were able to be categorized by size. Sixty-six patients had small lesions (< 4 disc areas) with an average change of -2.0 lines, and 26 had large lesions (> 4 disc areas) with an average change of -5.4 lines (P < .02). Patients with larger lesions were at greater risk for severe visual loss (P < .01). The average follow-up was approximately 31 weeks (range: 12 to 82 weeks) after the first injection.

CONCLUSIONS

Pegaptanib therapy resulted in a 2.9 average line loss in patients when all lesions were considered. Small lesions responded favorably, with 15% of patients gaining more than 3 lines of VA. Larger lesions had an increased risk of progression and poor visual outcome.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007;38:371- 377.]

AUTHORS

From the Retina Service (CDR, MSF, ACH), Wills Eye Institute (JPE, DRF, OPG), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Accepted for publication April 30, 2007.

Address correspondence to Allen C. Ho, MD, Retina Service, Wills Eye Institute, 840 Walnut Street, Suite 1020, Philadelphia, PA 19107.