bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drei Dogmen guten Lernens und Lehrens: Warum sie falsch sind
Authors: Renkl Alexander
Published: October 2015

Zusammenfassung. Es werden Fehlannahmen (Dogmen) über Fragen des Lernens und Lehrens in Schule und Hochschule diskutiert, die in öffentlichen, aber auch in fachlichen Diskussionen immer wieder zum Vorschein kommen. Das Konstruktivismus- und Aktivitätsdogma besteht darin, Lernarrangements ungerechtfertigter Weise in solche einzuteilen, die entweder passives oder aber konstruktives und aktives Lernen fördern. Das Dogma des guten Unterrichts spiegelt sich in der Annahme wider, dass es DEN guten Unterricht gibt. Das Strukturreformdogma manifestiert sich darin, dass bei Bemühungen um die Verbesserung von Bildungsqualität weniger das eigentlich ausschlaggebende Lehr-Lern-Geschehen im Unterricht als vielmehr Schul- oder Hochschulstrukturen fokussiert werden. Die Relevanz der Identifizierung dieser drei Dogmen wird exemplarisch an vier (immer wieder einmal) aktuellen Themen der Hochschullehre aufgezeigt: Vorlesung als veraltete Lehr-Lern-Methode? Problembasiertes Lernen als Qualitätsmerkmal von Hochschullehre? Evaluation von Lehrveranstaltungen durch Studierende? Reform der Lehramtsausbildung zur Verbesserung des Schulunterrichts?
Correction [to “2006 Editors' Citations for Excellence in Refereeing”]
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2015

In the 9 October 2007 issue (Eos, 88(41), 2007), an incorrect photograph was used in announcing an outstanding reviewer citation for Geophysical Research Letters. The correct photograph of David A. Lavallée appears here. Eos deeply regrets this error.
Technical knowledge and water resources management: A comparative study of river basin councils, Brazil
Authors: Lemos Maria Carmen , Bell Andrew R. , Engle Nathan L. , Formiga‐Johnsson Rosa Maria , Nelson Donald R.
Published: October 2015

Better understanding of the factors that shape the use of technical knowledge in water management is important both to increase its relevance to decision‐making and sustainable governance and to inform knowledge producers where needs lie. This is particularly critical in the context of the many stressors threatening water resources around the world. Recent scholarship focusing on innovative water management institutions emphasizes knowledge use as critical to water systems' adaptive capacity to respond to these stressors. For the past 15 years, water resources management in Brazil has undergone an encompassing reform that has created a set of participatory councils at the river basin level. Using data from a survey of 626 members of these councils across 18 river basins, this article examines the use of technical knowledge (e.g., climate and weather forecasts, reservoir streamflow models, environmental impact assessments, among others) within these councils. It finds that use of knowledge positively aligns with access, a more diverse and broader discussion agenda, and a higher sense of effectiveness. Yet, use of technical knowledge is also associated with skewed levels of power within the councils.
Glaciers in Patagonia: Controversy and prospects
Authors: Kargel J. S. , Alho P. , Buytaert W. , Célleri R. , Cogley J. G. , Dussaillant A. , Guido Z. , Haeberli W. , Harrison S. , Leonard G. , Maxwell A. , Meier C. , Poveda G. , Reid B. , Reynolds J. , Rodríguez C. A. Portocarrero , Romero H. , Schneider J.
Published: October 2015

Lately, glaciers have been subjects of unceasing controversy. Current debate about planned hydroelectric facilities—a US$7‐ to $10‐billion megaproject—in a pristine glacierized area of Patagonia, Chile [Romero Toledo et al., 2009; Vince, 2010], has raised anew the matter of how glaciologists and global change experts can contribute their knowledge to civic debates on important issues. There has been greater respect for science in this controversy than in some previous debates over projects that pertain to glaciers, although valid economic motivations again could trump science and drive a solution to the energy supply problem before the associated safety and environmental problems are understood. The connection between glaciers and climate change—both anthropogenic and natural—is fundamental to glaciology and to glaciers' practical importance for water and hydropower resources, agriculture, tourism, mining, natural hazards, ecosystem conservation, and sea level [Buytaert et al., 2010; Glasser et al., 2011]. The conflict between conservation and development can be sharper in glacierized regions than almost anywhere else. Glaciers occur in spectacular natural landscapes, but they also supply prodigious exploitable meltwater.
Scientific drilling for climate‐related objectives on Arctic Ocean margins
Authors: Ruppel Carolyn
Published: October 2015

Catching Climate Change in Progress: Drilling on Circum‐Arctic Shelves and Upper Continental Slopes; San Francisco, California, 10–11 December 2011 Fifty scientists and program managers met to discuss plans for scientific drilling on the margins of the Arctic Ocean. The workshop was coconvened by T. Collett (U.S. Geological Survey), S. Dallimore (Geological Survey of Canada), J. Mienert (Tromso, Norway), C. Paull (Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute), and V. Romanovsky (University of Alaska Fairbanks) and was sponsored by the U.S. Science Support Program for the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP).
Developing air quality forecasts
Authors: Lee Pius , Saylor Rick , Meagher James
Published: October 2015

Third International Workshop on Air Quality Forecasting Research; Potomac, Maryland, 29 November to 1 December 2011 Elevated concentrations of both near‐surface ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers in diameter have been implicated in increased mortality and other human health impacts. In light of these known influences on human health, many governments around the world have instituted air quality forecasting systems to provide their citizens with advance warning of impending poor air quality so that they can take actions to limit exposure. In an effort to improve the performance of air quality forecasting systems and provide a forum for the exchange of the latest research in air quality modeling, the International Workshop on Air Quality Forecasting Research (IWAQFR) was established in 2009 and is cosponsored by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Environment Canada (EC), and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The steering committee for IWAQFR's establishment was composed of Véronique Bouchet, Mike Howe, and Craig Stoud (EC); Greg Carmichael (University of Iowa); Paula Davidson and Jim Meagher (NOAA); and Liisa Jalkanen (WMO). The most recent workshop took place in Maryland.
Young geologist trades neptunium for newspapers as 2012 AGU Mass Media Fellow
Authors: Adams Mary Catherine
Published: October 2015

Though the lure of rocks, minerals, and radioactive elements took her away from her original studies, one geology Ph.D. candidate is returning to her journalism roots this summer as AGU's 2012 Mass Media Science and Engineering Fellow. Jessica Morrison is one of 12 young scientists nationwide who are trading in their lab coats for reporters' notebooks in mid‐June as part of the program coordinated by the American Association for the Advancement of Science, which helps young scientists cultivate communication skills to help disseminate scientific information to general audiences. Morrison is a Ph.D. student in the Department of Civil Engineering and Geological Sciences at the University of Notre Dame. She spends her days in a laboratory investigating the geochemistry of actinides, the radioactive elements in the “no man's land” of the periodic table—the section that often gets left off or moved to the bottom. These are elements like uranium, neptunium, and plutonium.
Natural soil pipes release peat carbon to atmosphere
Authors: Balcerak Ernie
Published: October 2015

A significant amount of organic carbon and carbon dioxide is stored within the partially decomposed plant remains that make up peatlands in northern climates. If this carbon were released to the atmosphere, it could affect climate. In peatlands, soil pipes—naturally occurring tubes of various sizes—could provide a route for deeply buried carbon to escape to the atmosphere. To learn more about the sources of carbon being emitted to the atmosphere in peatlands, Billett et al. measured carbon amounts and isotope ratios in particulate carbon, dissolved organic carbon, methane, and carbon dioxide released from three natural peat pipes and the downstream catchment outlet of a small peatland in northern England. Isotope ratios provide an indication of the source and age of the carbon; generally, deeper carbon is older.
Protecting Communications Satellites from Space Weather
Authors: Betz Eric
Published: October 2015

A recent analysis of proprietary telecommunications data identifies a potential source of anomalous satellite component performance, and what can be done to prevent this from happening in the future.
Honors
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2015

In the 10 April 2007 issue (Eos, 88 (15), 2007), an equation was incorrectly printed in the article titled "On the Concept of Moving Magnetic Field Lines." Equation 2, which printed as "B x curl [B(ExB/B2)] = 0" should instead be "B x curl [B (E·B/B2)] = 0." Eos deeply regrets this error.
Honors
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2015

Scientists at NOAA's Climate Prediction Center estimate that there is a 75% chance that the 2007 Atlantic hurricane season will be more active than average, with 13–17 named storms, 7–10 hurricanes, and 3–5 hurricanes reaching Category 3 or higher. An average hurricane season has 11 named storms, 6 hurricanes, and 2 major hurricanes. According to Gerry Bell, NOAA's lead seasonal hurricane forecaster, the 2007 season could be in the higher range of predicted activity if a La Niña forms, or even higher if the La Niña is particularly strong. Last year, NOAA also predicted an above‐normal Atlantic season; the actual season, however, was quiet, to which NOAA scientists credit an unexpected El Niño that developed rapidly and created an environment hostile to storm formation and strengthening.
Correction [to “New perspectives on African biomass burning dynamics”]
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2015

Due to a printing error, data were missing from Figure 1a in the article "New Perspectives on African Biomass Burning Dynamics".
Election 2008
Authors: Spilhaus Fred
Published: October 2015

This special edition of Eos focuses on the individuals you will choose to lead the Union over the next 2–6 years. The candidates are featured in this issue. You will also find information on their responsibilities. What I want to emphasize is your opportunity to contribute to this process.

Elections in scientific and engineering societies often are decided by only 10–20% of the members. AGU's elections have had similar participation. It's time to change that.
Topologically protected surface states in a centrosymmetric superconductor β-PdBi2
Authors: Sakano M. , Okawa K. , Kanou M. , Sanjo H. , Okuda T. , Sasagawa T. , Ishizaka K
Published: October 2015

The topological aspects of electrons in solids can emerge in real materials, as represented by topological insulators. In theory, they show a variety of new magneto-electric phenomena, and especially the ones hosting superconductivity are strongly desired as candidates for topological superconductors. While efforts have been made to develop possible topological superconductors by introducing carriers into topological insulators, those exhibiting indisputable superconductivity free from inhomogeneity are very few. Here we report on the observation of topologically protected surface states in a centrosymmetric layered superconductor, β-PdBi2, by utilizing spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Besides the bulk bands, several surface bands are clearly observed with symmetrically allowed in-plane spin polarizations, some of which crossing the Fermi level. These surface states are precisely evaluated to be topological, based on the Z2 invariant analysis in analogy to three-dimensional strong topological insulators. β-PdBi2 may offer a solid stage to investigate the topological aspect in the superconducting condensate.
The onset of faba bean farming in the Southern Levant
Authors: Caracuta Valentina , Barzilai Omry , Khalaily Hamudi , Milevski Ianir , Paz Yitzhak , Vardi Jacob , Regev Lior , Boaretto Elisabetta
Published: October 2015

Even though the faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is among the most ubiquitously cultivated crops, very little is known about its origins. Here, we report discoveries of charred faba beans from three adjacent Neolithic sites in the lower Galilee region, in the southern Levant, that offer new insights into the early history of this species. Biometric measurements, radiocarbon dating and stable carbon isotope analyses of the archaeological remains, supported by experiments on modern material, date the earliest farming of this crop to ~10,200 cal BP. The large quantity of faba beans found in these adjacent sites indicates intensive production of faba beans in the region that can only have been achieved by planting non-dormant seeds. Selection of mutant-non-dormant stock suggests that the domestication of the crop occurred as early as the 11th millennium cal BP. Plant domestication| Vicia faba L.| Pre-Pottery Neolithic B| radiocarbon dating| Δ13C analysis.
Cyanobacterial Alkanes Modulate Photosynthetic Cyclic Electron Flow to Assist Growth under Cold Stress
Authors: Berla Bertram M. , Saha Rajib , Maranas Costas D. , Pakrasi Himadri B.
Published: October 2015

All cyanobacterial membranes contain diesel-range C15-C19 hydrocarbons at concentrations similar to chlorophyll. Recently, two universal but mutually exclusive hydrocarbon production pathways in cyanobacteria were discovered. We engineered a mutant of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 that produces no alkanes, which grew poorly at low temperatures. We analyzed this defect by assessing the redox kinetics of PSI. The mutant exhibited enhanced cyclic electron flow (CEF), especially at low temperature. CEF raises the ATP:NADPH ratio from photosynthesis and balances reductant requirements of biosynthesis with maintaining the redox poise of the electron transport chain. We conducted in silico flux balance analysis and showed that growth rate reaches a distinct maximum for an intermediate value of CEF equivalent to recycling 1 electron in 4 from PSI to the plastoquinone pool. Based on this analysis, we conclude that the lack of membrane alkanes causes higher CEF, perhaps for maintenance of redox poise. In turn, increased CEF reduces growth by forcing the cell to use less energy-efficient pathways, lowering the quantum efficiency of photosynthesis. This study highlights the unique and universal role of medium-chain hydrocarbons in cyanobacterial thylakoid membranes: they regulate redox balance and reductant partitioning in these oxygenic photosynthetic cells under stress.
Association of Renal Function and Menopausal Status with Bone Mineral Density in Middle-aged Women
Authors: Sheng Yueh-Hsuan , Chen Jen-Hau , Chiou Jeng-Min , Tsai Keh-Sung , Lee Yue-Yuan , Tsao Chwen-Keng , Chen Yen-Ching
Published: October 2015

The association between mild renal dysfunction and bone mineral density (BMD) has not been fully explored. It is also unclear how menopausal status and the use of Chinese herb affect this association. This is a cross-sectional study that included a total of 1,419 women aged 40 to 55 years old who were recruited from the MJ Health Management Institution in Taiwan between 2009 and 2010. Spinal BMD was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Renal function was assessed using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and creatinine clearance rate (CCr). The multivariable logistic regression and general linear models were employed to assess the association between renal function and BMD. Stratification analyses were performed by menopausal status and use of Chinese herbs. Low CCr levels were significantly associated with low BMD [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.15–1.90]. This association was observed in premenopausal women (AOR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.07–1.92) and in women not taking Chinese herbs (AOR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.14–1.94). CCr is a better predictor for low BMD in middle-aged women. Menopausal status and the use of Chinese herbs also affected this association.
Imaging of current density distributions with a Nb weak-link scanning nano-SQUID microscope
Authors: Shibata Yusuke , Nomura Shintaro , Kashiwaya Hiromi , Kashiwaya Satoshi , Ishiguro Ryosuke , Takayanagi Hideaki
Published: October 2015

Superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) are accepted as one of the highest magnetic field sensitive probes. There are increasing demands to image local magnetic fields to explore spin properties and current density distributions in a two-dimensional layer of semiconductors or superconductors. Nano-SQUIDs have recently attracting much interest for high spatial resolution measurements in nanometer-scale samples. Whereas weak-link Dayem Josephson junction nano-SQUIDs are suitable to miniaturization, hysteresis in current-voltage (I-V) characteristics that is often observed in Dayem Josephson junction is not desirable for a scanning microscope. Here we report on our development of a weak-link nano-SQUIDs scanning microscope with small hysteresis in I-V curve and on reconstructions of two-dimensional current density vector in two-dimensional electron gas from measured magnetic field.
Synergy of extreme drought and shrub invasion reduce ecosystem functioning and resilience in water-limited climates
Authors: Caldeira Maria C. , Lecomte Xavier , David Teresa S. , Pinto Joaquim G. , Bugalho Miguel N. , Werner Christiane
Published: October 2015

Extreme drought events and plant invasions are major drivers of global change that can critically affect ecosystem functioning and alter ecosystem-atmosphere exchange. Invaders are expanding worldwide and extreme drought events are projected to increase in frequency and intensity. However, very little is known on how these drivers may interact to affect the functioning and resilience of ecosystems to extreme events. Using a manipulative shrub removal experiment and the co-occurrence of an extreme drought event (2011/2012) in a Mediterranean woodland, we show that native shrub invasion and extreme drought synergistically reduced ecosystem transpiration and the resilience of key-stone oak tree species. Ecosystem transpiration was dominated by the water use of the invasive shrub Cistus ladanifer, which further increased after the extreme drought event. Meanwhile, the transpiration of key-stone tree species decreased, indicating a competitive advantage in favour of the invader. Our results suggest that in Mediterranean-type climates the invasion of water spending species and projected recurrent extreme drought events may synergistically cause critical drought tolerance thresholds of key-stone tree species to be surpassed, corroborating observed higher tree mortality in the invaded ecosystems. Ultimately, this may shift seasonally water limited ecosystems into less desirable alternative states dominated by water spending invasive shrubs.
Cobalt-Porphyrin-Platinum-Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide Hybrid Nanostructures: A Novel Peroxidase Mimetic System For Improved Electrochemical Immunoassay
Authors: Shu Jian , Qiu Zhenli , Wei Qiaohua , Zhuang Junyang , Tang Dianping
Published: October 2015

5,10,15,20-Tetraphenyl-21H,23H-porphine cobalt flat stacking on the reduced graphene oxide with platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs/CoTPP/rGO) were first synthesized and functionalized with monoclonal rabbit anti-aflatoxin B1 antibody (anti-AFB1) for highly efficient electrochemical immunoassay of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in this work. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscope (AFM) and spectral techniques were employed to characterize the PtNPs/CoTPP/rGO hybrids. Using anti-AFB1-conjugated PtNPs/CoTPP/rGO as the signal-transduction tag, a novel non-enzymatic electrochemical immunosensing system was designed for detection of target AFB1 on the AFB1-bovine serum albumin-functionalized sensing interface. Experimental results revealed that the designed immunoassay could exhibit good electrochemical responses for target analyte and allowed the detection of AFB1 at a concentration as low as 5.0 pg mL−1 (5.0 ppt). Intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were below 10%. Importantly, the methodology was further validated for analyzing naturally contaminated or spiked blank peanut samples with consistent results obtained by AFB1 ELISA kit, thus providing a promising approach for quantitative monitoring of organic pollutants.
Wettability and Coalescence of Cu Droplets Subjected to Two-Wall Confinement
Authors: Li Xiongying , Ren Hongru , Wu Weikang , Li Hui , Wang Long , He Yezeng , Wang Junjun , Zhou Yi
Published: October 2015

Controlling droplet dynamics via wettability or movement at the nanoscale is a significant goal of nanotechnology. By performing molecular dynamics simulations, we study the wettability and spontaneous coalescence of Cu droplets confined in two carbon walls. We first focus on one drop in the two-wall confinement to reveal confinement effects on wettability and detaching behavior of metallic droplets. Results show that Cu droplets finally display three states: non-detachment, semi-detachment and full detachment, depending on the height of confined space. The contact angle ranges from 125° to 177° and the contact area radius ranges from 12 to ~80 Å. The moving time of the detached droplet in the full detachment state shows a linear relationship with the height of confined space. Further investigations into two drops subjected to confinement show that the droplets, initially distant from each other, spontaneously coalesce into a larger droplet by detachment. The coalescing time and final position of the merged droplet are precisely controlled by tailoring surface structures of the carbon walls, the height of the confined space or a combination of these approaches. These findings could provide an effective method to control the droplet dynamics by confinement.
A dye sensitized solar cell using natural counter electrode and natural dye derived from mangosteen peel waste
Authors: Maiaugree Wasan , Lowpa Seksan , Towannang Madsakorn , Rutphonsan Phikun , Tangtrakarn Apishok , Pimanpang Samuk , Maiaugree Prapen , Ratchapolthavisin Nattawat , Sang-aroon Wichien , Jarernboon Wirat , Amornkitbamrung Vittaya
Published: October 2015

Mangosteen peel is an inedible portion of a fruit. We are interested in using these residues as components of a dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Carbonized mangosteen peel was used with mangosteen peel dye as a natural counter electrode and a natural photosensitizer, respectively. A distinctive mesoporous honeycomb-like carbon structure with a rough nanoscale surface was found in carbonized mangosteen peels. The efficiency of a dye sensitized solar cell using carbonized mangosteen peel was compared to that of DSSCs with Pt and PEDOT-PSS counter electrodes. The highest solar conversion efficiency (2.63%) was obtained when using carbonized mangosteen peel and an organic disulfide/thiolate (T2/T−) electrolyte.
Real-time reaction monitoring by ultrafast 2D NMR on a benchtop spectrometer
Authors: Gouilleux Boris , Charrier Benoît , Danieli Ernesto , Dumez Jean-Nicolas , Akoka Serge , Felpin François-Xavier , Rodriguez-Zubiri Mireia , Giraudeau Patrick
Published: October 2015

Ultrafast 2D NMR spectra are recorded on a compact spectrometer to follow in real time a reaction in the synthetic chemistry laboratory. Complex reactions can be monitored in non-deuterated solvents to confirm in real time the molecular structure of the compounds involved in the reaction while giving access to relevant kinetic parameters.
New insight into DOC and DON in a drinking water biological aerated filter (BAF) by multimethod and correlation analysis of 3D-EEM
Authors: Kang Jia , Ma Tengfei , Zhou Qiuhong , Gao Xu , Chen Youpeng , Wu Jianming , Chen Jiahao , Xiang Yu
Published: October 2015

Peak identification, FRI and PARAFAC were adopted and compared to analyze the 3D-EEM spectra.
A remarkable difference in CO2hydrogenation to methanol on Pd nanoparticles supported inside and outside of carbon nanotubes
Authors: Wang Jijie , Lu Sheng-mei , Li Jun , Li Can
Published: October 2015

An obvious difference was found in CO2hydrogenation to methanol on Pd nanoparticles (NPs) supported inside and outside of carbon nanotubes (CNTs).
Physisorption and desorption of H2, HD and D2 on amorphous solid water ice. Effect on mixing isotopologue on statistical population of adsorption sites
Authors: Amiaud Lionel , Fillion Jean-Hugues , Dulieu François , Momeni Anouchah , Lemaire Jean-Louis
Published: October 2015

We study the adsorption and desorption of three isotopologues of molecular hydrogen mixed on 10 ML of porous amorphous water ice (ASW) deposited at 10 K.
Fluorescence of N-acylated dansylamide with a long hydrophobic tail: sensitive response to premicellar aggregation of sodium deoxycholate
Authors: Tripathi Alok Kumar , Mohapatra Monalisa , Mishra Ashok Kumar
Published: October 2015

The present work describes the synthesis and photophysical studies of two fluorescent dansylamide derivatives, in which the amine group is acylated by a long hydrophobic chain (a part of a biologically relevant palmitic acid) and by a short hydrophobic tail (a part of acetic acid).
Structure–barrier property relationship of biodegradable poly(butylene succinate) and poly[(butylene succinate)-co-(butylene adipate)] nanocomposites: influence of the rigid amorphous fraction
Authors: Charlon S. , Marais S. , Dargent E. , Soulestin J. , Sclavons M. , Follain N.
Published: October 2015

This work shows the correlation between the microstructure of polymer composite films and their barrier properties, and also the role played by the rigid amorphous fraction.
A supercell approach to the doping effect on the thermoelectric properties of SnSe
Authors: Suzuki Yasumitsu , Nakamura Hisao
Published: October 2015

We study the thermoelectric properties of tin selenide (SnSe) by using first-principles calculations coupled with the Boltzmann transport theory.
Large-size nanosheets of 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene with high photoresponse and light emission anisotropy
Authors: Wang Juan-Ye , Peng Hong-Dan , Yang Jia-Mei , Yan Jing-Hui , Pan Ge-Bo
Published: October 2015

Large-size single crystalline nanosheets of 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)-anthracene were prepared by a facile solution process and were fully characterized.
Tuning the selectivity toward CO evolution in the photocatalytic conversion of CO2 with H2O through the modification of Ag-loaded Ga2O3 with a ZnGa2O4 layer
Authors: Wang Zheng , Teramura Kentaro , Huang Zeai , Hosokawa Saburo , Sakata Yoshihisa , Tanaka Tsunehiro
Published: October 2015

Modification of Ag-loaded Ga2O3 with a ZnGa2O4 layer is effective for the highly selective photocatalytic conversion of CO2 by H2O.
Selective hydrodeoxygenation of bio-oil derived products: acetic acid to propylene over hybrid CeO2–Cu/zeolite catalysts
Authors: Witsuthammakul Ayut , Sooknoi Tawan
Published: October 2015

Propylene and light distillates can be directly obtained by keto-hydrodeoxygenation of acetic acid over a single bed of CeO2–Cu/zeolite catalyst.
Novel synthesis of dispersed molybdenum and nickel phosphides from thermal carbonization of metal- and phosphorus-containing resins
Authors: Yao Zhiwei , Tong Jin , Qiao Xue , Jiang Jun , Zhao Yu , Liu Dongmei , Zhang Yichi , Wang Haiyan
Published: October 2015

New (Mo,Ni),P-containing resin precursors to dispersed MoP and Ni2P nanoparticles.
Molecular simulation of low temperature argon adsorption in several models of IRMOF-1 with defects and structural disorder
Authors: Sarkisov L.
Published: October 2015

Low temperature adsorption of argon in several conceptual models of IRMOF-1 featuring various types of defects and inclusions has been investigated.
Annulated boron substituted N-heterocyclic carbenes: theoretical prediction of highly electrophilic carbenes
Authors: Bharadwaz Priyam , Borthakur Bitupon , Phukan Ashwini K.
Published: October 2015

Annulated boron substituted N-heterocyclic carbenes are found to have significantly enhanced π-accepting ability which is further corroborated by 31P NMR shift calculations of the phosphinidene adducts of these carbenes.
Green synthesis of bacterial mediated anti-proliferative gold nanoparticles: inducing mitotic arrest (G2/M phase) and apoptosis (intrinsic pathway)
Authors: Ganesh Kumar C. , Poornachandra Y. , Chandrasekhar Cheemalamarri
Published: October 2015

Anti-proliferative mechanism of bacterial gold nanoparticles (b-Au NPs) synthesized from the cell free supernatant of Streptomyces clavuligerus.
Synthesis of novel polysubstituted N-benzyl-1H-pyrroles via a cascade reaction of alkynyl Fischer carbenes with α-imino glycine methyl esters
Authors: de la Cruz Fabiola N. , López Julio , Jiménez-Halla J. Óscar C. , Flores-Álamo Marcos , Tamaríz Joaquín , Delgado Francisco , Vázquez Miguel A.
Published: October 2015

An efficient synthesis ofN-benzyl-1H-pyrroles is described by a 1,4-addition/isomerization/ring closure/demetalation process of alkynyl Fischer carbene and iminoester.
Physical hydrogels constructed on a macro-cross-linking cationic polysaccharide with tunable, excellent mechanical performance
Authors: Ma Xiaomei , Guo Lei , Ji Quan , Tan Yeqiang , Xing Yacheng , Xia Yanzhi
Published: October 2015

Hydrogels with superb extensibility, perfect elasticity and recoverability, high toughness and fatigue-resistance are constructed based on macro-cross-linking polycationic chitosan.
β-Amylase production from packaging-industry wastewater using a novel strain Paenibacillus chitinolyticus CKS 1
Authors: Mihajlovski Katarina R. , Radovanović Neda R. , Miljković Miona G. , Šiler-Marinković Slavica , Rajilić-Stojanović Mirjana D. , Dimitrijević-Branković Suzana I.
Published: October 2015

Transforming waste into valuable biotechnology products – the treatment of transport packaging wastewater withPaenibacillus chitinolyticusCKS1 for β-amylase and maltose production.
Effect of the resorcin[4]arene host on the catalytic epoxidation of a Mn(iii)-based resorcin[4]arene–metalloporphyrin conjugate
Authors: Al-Azemi Talal F. , Vinodh Mickey
Published: October 2015

The single-crystal X-ray diffraction data, binding behavior, and epoxidation reactions of the cavitand resorcin[4]arene–porphyrin conjugate are presented.
Improved shape memory performance of star-shaped POSS-polylactide based polyurethanes (POSS-PLAUs)
Authors: Gu S. Y. , Gao X. F.
Published: October 2015

Star-shaped POSS-polylactide based polyurethanes with improved shape fixity ratios (above 99%) and shape recovery ratios (around 84%) are presented.
Two blue iridium complexes for efficient electroluminescence with low efficiency roll-off
Authors: Xu Qiu-Lei , Liang Xiao , Jiang Liang , Zhao Yue , Zheng You-Xuan
Published: October 2015

Two blue iridium(iii) complexes were applied in efficient OLEDs (ηc,max of 22.83 cd A−1 for (dfpypy)2Ir(tpip); ηc,max of 20.79 cd A−1 for (dfpypy)2Ir(Ftpip)) with low efficiency roll-off.
Visible light-induced photocatalytic activity of high surface area N-doped two-dimensional (2-D) TiO2 sheets
Authors: Nikhil A. , Anjusree G. S. , Nair Shantikumar V. , Nair A. Sreekumaran
Published: October 2015

Nitrogen-doped two-dimensional TiO2 sheets prepared by a titanate route using urea as the precursor for nitrogen for visible light photocatalysis.
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of coumarin coupled nitroimidazoles as potential imaging agents
Authors: Saini Nisha , Varshney Raunak , Tiwari Anjani K. , Kaul Ankur , Ishar M. P. S. , Mishra Anil K.
Published: October 2015

Solid tumors contain regions of hypoxia in comparison to normal tissues. The nitroimidazoles have shown great promise for targeting different types of cancers.
Dendritic maleimide functionalization of core–shell (γ-Fe2O3/polymer) nanoparticles for efficient bio-immobilization
Authors: Mitcova L. , Rahma H. , Buffeteau T. , Clérac R. , Vellutini L. , Heuzé K.
Published: October 2015

Dendritic functionalization of core–shell γ-Fe2O3/polymer MNPs for selective and covalent immobilization of biomolecules using maleimide/thiol coupling chemistry.
Stable single device multi-pore electrospraying of polymeric microparticles via controlled electrostatic interactions
Authors: Zhang Chunchen , Chang Ming-Wei , Ahmad Zeeshan , Hu Weiwen , Zhao Ding , Li Jing-Song
Published: October 2015

A novel flute-like multi-pore electrospray emitter was designed and manufactured to enable economical scale-up smooth spherical microparticles. The effect of processing parameters and device configuration on particle sizes is described.
Preparation of graphene/poly(p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole) composite fibers based on simultaneous zwitterion coating and chemical reduction of graphene oxide at room temperature
Authors: Guo Jianqiang , Guan Guohu , Zhou Wen , Li Chuncheng , Xiao Yaonan , Zhu Wenxiang , Zheng Liuchun
Published: October 2015

Graphene reinforced PBO fibers were fabricated based on zwitterion-coated rGO sheets, and a widely applicable mechanism for the acid-catalyzed reduction of GO was proposed.
A facile cosolvent/chelation method for the preparation of semi-crystalline CuCl2(ethylene glycol)/poly(3-hexylthiophene) complexes displaying specific luminescence properties
Authors: Lu Fang-Hsien , Mohamed Mohamed Gamal , Liu Tzeng-Feng , Chao Chuen-Guang , Kuo Shiao-Wei
Published: October 2015

A facile co-solvent/chelation method to prepare semi-crystalline CuCl2(ethylene glycol)/poly(3-hexylthiophene) complexes (CE–P3HT) having specific textures and specific self-assembled structures.
Palladium-catalyzed intramolecular addition of C–N bond to alkynes: a novel approach to 3-diketoindoles
Authors: Wu Chenglin , Zhao Fei , Shu Shuangjie , Wang Jiang , Liu Hong
Published: October 2015

Palladium-catalyzed intramolecular addition of C–N bond to alkynes to synthesize highly functional 3-diketoindoles has been achieved.
Static lengths in glass-forming monodisperse hard-sphere fluids from periodic array pinning
Authors: Zhou Yuxing , Milner Scott T.
Published: October 2015

In glassy hard-sphere fluids, with varying particle volume fraction and distance between pinned particles, particle diffusivities and structural relaxation times both collapse to master curves, revealing a growing static length scale.
Highly efficient yellow phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes with novel phosphine oxide-based bipolar host materials
Authors: Zhang Song , Xu Qiu-Lei , Xia Jing-Cheng , Jing Yi-Ming , Zheng You-Xuan , Zuo Jing-Lin
Published: October 2015

Highly efficient yellow OLEDs based on bipolar host materials show a maximum current efficiency of 68.28 cd A−1, a maximum external quantum efficiency of 21.3% and a maximum power efficiency of 50.90 lm W−1 with low efficiency roll-off.
Electronic properties of two-dimensional van der Waals GaS/GaSe heterostructures
Authors: Wei Wei , Dai Ying , Niu Chengwang , Li Xiao , Ma Yandong , Huang Baibiao
Published: October 2015

The exciton separation and Rashba spin splitting have been demonstrated in van der Waals GaS/GaSe heterostructures.
Soft decoding method for systematic raptor codes
Authors: Zhang Meixiang , Kim Sooyoung , Chang Jin Yeong , Kim Won‐Yong
Published: October 2015

Raptor codes are a class of rateless codes that were originally designed for binary erasure channels. To enhance their performance, multiple soft iterative loops can be employed in the decoder. In this study, the authors propose a method to construct modified Tanner graphs for systematic raptor codes in order to increase the efficiency of soft decoding. A modified Tanner graph is drawn in terms of bit and check nodes for each component code, instead of encoding and information nodes, as in conventional Tanner graphs, for its component Luby transform codes. This modified Tanner graph enables the use of a more simplified soft iterative decoding algorithm and provides improved decoding performance compared with the conventional method. In addition, they propose an efficient joint iterative soft decoding method with a parallel process to speed up the iterative decoding. The simulation results in this study reveal that the modified Tanner graph works better than the conventional Tanner graph for joint iterative decoding, and that the proposed parallel decoding method can contribute to further enhance the performance as well as the decoding speed by reducing the average number of iterations.
Impact of solar photovoltaics on the low‐voltage distribution network in New Zealand
Authors: Watson Jeremy D. , Watson Neville R. , Santos‐Martin David , Wood Alan R. , Lemon Scott , Miller Allan J.V.
Published: October 2015

Residential rooftop‐mounted solar photovoltaic (PV) panels are being installed at an increasing rate, both in New Zealand and globally. There have been concerns over possible issues such as overvoltage and overcurrent. These PV systems are mostly connected at low voltage (LV). This study presents a case study of simulating the entire LV network from a single utility, comprising 10,558 11 kV–415 V transformers and their associated distribution feeders. These results are also presented by network type. Various solar PV penetration levels are added to the model and the power‐flow results are presented. From these results, possible maximum limits of solar PV penetration are investigated and measures to alleviate overvoltage problems are simulated. The effect of using PV inverters with voltage regulation is simulated. Results show that some minor overvoltage problems can be expected in the future, particularly in urban areas. However, in most cases the overvoltage would not be much higher than the statutory limit of 1.06 p.u.
Analysis of electron energy distribution function in the Linac4 H− source
Authors: Mochizuki S. , Mattei S. , Nishida K. , Hatayama A. , Lettry J.
Published: October 2015

To understand the Electron Energy Distribution Function (EEDF) in the Radio Frequency Inductively Coupled Plasmas (RF-ICPs) in hydrogen negative ion sources, the detailed analysis of the EEDFs using numerical simulation and the theoretical approach based on Boltzmann equation has been performed. It is shown that the EEDF of RF-ICPs consists of two parts, one is the low energy part which obeys Maxwellian distribution and the other is high energy part deviated from Maxwellian distribution. These simulation results have been confirmed to be reasonable by the analytical approach. The results suggest that it is possible to enhance the dissociation of molecules and the resultant H− negative ion production by reducing the gas pressure.
Dust-acoustic waves modulational instability and rogue waves in a polarized dusty plasma
Authors: Bouzit Omar , Tribeche Mouloud
Published: October 2015

The polarization force-induced changes in the dust-acoustic waves (DAWs) modulational instability (MI) are examined. Using the reductive perturbation method, the nonlinear Schrödinger equation that governs the MI of the DAWs is obtained. It is found that the effect of the polarization term R is to narrow the wave number domain for the onset of instability. The amplitude of the wave envelope decreases as R increases, meaning that the polarization force effects render weaker the associated DA rogue waves. The latter may therefore completely damp in the vicinity of R ∼ 1, i.e., as the polarization force becomes close to the electrostatic one (the net force acting on the dust particles becomes vanishingly small). The DA rogue wave profile is very sensitive to any change in the restoring force acting on the dust particles. It turns out that the polarization effects may completely smear out the DA rogue waves.
Repeated vertical movements of mature anguillid eels in a lake
Authors: Watanabe Yuuki Y. , Arai Takaomi , Limbong Daniel , Mberato Yunober , Miyazaki Nobuyuki
Published: October 2015

Reproductive migration is a critical phase in the life history of anguillid eels. Nevertheless, fine-scale behaviours of migrating eels remain unknown, primarily due to the difficulty in attaching high-resolution recording devices to, and recovering them from, these small-sized teleosts. We attached a small accelerometer with time-scheduled release system to mature Anguilla celebesensis and A. marmorata in Lake Poso, Indonesia, during the pre-migration period. The eels repeated up-and-down movements in the water column (maximum depth, 77m), with slower, less active descents at shallower pitch angles, followed by faster, more active ascents at steeper pitch angles. The asymmetric diving pattern indicates negative buoyancy of the eels, which was confirmed by the measurements of body densities. The repeated diving is unlikely to represent foraging or thermoregulation because mature eels are thought to fast and water temperature changed little with depth. We suggest that the repeated diving is a result of the eels’ internal motivation for continuous swimming in preparation for oceanic migration, and is possibly energetically more efficient than if they keep swimming at a certain depth. The swimming energetics of eels in nature might be more complicated than previously thought because of the effect of vertical movements and non-neutral buoyancy.
Adaptive management in action: using chemical marking to advance fish recovery programs in the Murray–Darling Basin
Authors: Baumgartner Lee
Published: October 2015

Being able to tell the difference between stocked and wild fish is essential to understand the overall success of hatchery programs. It is a substantial issue to address, especially considering that over 60 million fish have been stocked into Australian inland waters over the past 30 years. A trial into permanently marking live fish, with fluorescent chemicals, has demonstrated substantial promise. Having been cleared by food safety authorities, and validated by targeted research, it is presently being rolled out on a large scale in the Murray–Darling Basin.
The role of leaf traits in determining litter flammability of south-eastern Amazon tree species
Authors: Parsons Amoreena L. , Balch Jennifer K. , de Andrade Rafael B. , Brando Paulo M.
Published: October 2015

Leaf traits can limit or promote flammability, but how these traits vary and influence forest flammability in humid tropical forests is unknown. Species within the south-eastern transitional forests of the Brazilian Amazon are experiencing fire, particularly surface fires, with greater frequency and severity than historically recorded. In this study, the leaf traits and consequent burning characteristics of the 17 most abundant species in a transitional forest in Mato Grosso, Brazil were analysed through controlled combustion experiments and leaf trait measurements. Mean maximum flame height (range 52–108 cm), flaming duration (range 21–71 s) and mass loss (range 82–97%), which relate to a fuel’s combustibility and consumability, varied substantially across species. Measured leaf traits, mainly surface area and volume, accounted for 78% of this variability. The most flammable species were those with thin, lightweight and loosely packed leaves, which produced rapid, intense fires that consumed larger fuel amounts. The least flammable species had thick, large and densely packed leaves. In diverse tropical forests, analysing the relationship between species-specific leaf traits and flammability will yield insights into fire behaviour and future forest composition in a frontier zone where exposure to anthropogenic fire is high.
City Portrait, Civic Body, and Commercial Printing in Sixteenth-Century Ghent
Authors: Buylaert Frederik , De Rock Jelle , Van Bruaene Anne-Laure
Published: October 2015

This article discusses a woodcut series with an elaborate iconographic representation of the Flemish city of Ghent, printed in 1524 by Pieter de Keysere. The three-sheet composition consists of a city view, an image of the allegorical Maiden of Ghent, and an extensive heraldic program with the coat of arms of prominent Ghent families and of the Ghent craft guilds. The print series’ production and consumption are unraveled and framed within the wider debate on civic religion in Renaissance Europe. The main argument is that while in this region of Northern Europe civic ideology was equally strong as in Italy, it was not the exclusive playground of the ruling elites. Pieter de Keysere’s woodcut series was aimed at a socially broad, local audience, most particularly Ghent’s corporate middle groups.
Symbol sequences and orbits of the free-fall three-body problem
Authors: Tanikawa Kiyotaka , Mikkola Seppo
Published: October 2015

Using the symbols and symbol sequences along the orbits introduced in our preceding work, we numerically study the orbital structure of the free-fall three-body problem. We confirm and re-interpret the results obtained by us before. We describe the overall structure of the plane. It turns out that the structures of the initial condition plane can be systematically obtained with symbol sequences. Then, we obtain the structure of two interesting local regions: the isosceles and collinear boundaries of the plane. We present sequences of triple collision orbits and periodic orbits on these boundaries. We additionally argue that stable and/or unstable manifolds of the two-body collision manifolds connect different triple collision manifolds.
Predictors of Severe Thrombocytopenia Secondary to Peginterferon Alfa-2a Treatment in Subjects With Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Alzubiedi Sameh , Saleh Mohammad I.
Published: October 2015

In this study, we aim to identify patient characteristics that predict severe thrombocytopenia induced by peginterferon alfa-2a in hepatitis C virus–infected patients. Demographic, clinical, and genetic data collected from patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection (n = 232; age ≥18 years) who received peginterferon alfa-2a following eltrombopag treatment. Predictors of severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count below 50 GI/L) were identified using a 2-step approach: First, univariate analysis, using χ2 test for categorical variables and t test for continuous variables, was performed to identify possible predictors of severe thrombocytopenia (P < 0.05). Second, a logistic regression with backward stepwise selection was then performed using predictors identified in univariate analysis step to produce final model containing independent predictors at P < 0.05. Logistic model identified several predictors of severe thrombocytopenia. Increased spleen length and increased alkaline phosphatase levels increases the likelihood of severe thrombocytopenia. However, being Central/South Asian, increased neutrophils count and increased platelet baseline count decreases the probability of developing severe thrombocytopenia. In summary, we identified several patient characteristics that predict severe thrombocytopenia induced by peginterferon alfa-2a. Early selection of individuals with high risk of developing interferon-associated severe thrombocytopenia allows early intervention (such as eltrombopag treatment). Early intervention in turn minimizes the odds of developing severe thrombocytopenia and allows the continual of antiviral therapy before patient progress into liver decompensation.