bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visual Deprivation Selectively Reduces Thalamic Reticular Nucleus-Mediated Inhibition of the Auditory Thalamus in Adults
Authors: Whitt Jessica L. , Ewall Gabrielle , Chakraborty Darpan , Adegbesan Ayorinde , Lee Rachel , Kanold Patrick O. , Lee Hey-Kyoung
Published: September 2022

Sensory loss leads to widespread cross-modal plasticity across brain areas to allow the remaining senses to guide behavior. While multimodal sensory interactions are often attributed to higher-order sensory areas, cross-modal plasticity has been observed at the level of synaptic changes even across primary sensory cortices. In particular, vision loss leads to widespread circuit adaptation in the primary auditory cortex (A1) even in adults. Here we report using mice of both sexes in which cross-modal plasticity occurs even earlier in the sensory-processing pathway at the level of the thalamus in a modality-selective manner. A week of visual deprivation reduced inhibitory synaptic transmission from the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) to the primary auditory thalamus (MGBv) without changes to the primary visual thalamus (dLGN). The plasticity of TRN inhibition to MGBv was observed as a reduction in postsynaptic gain and short-term depression. There was no observable plasticity of the cortical feedback excitatory synaptic transmission from the primary visual cortex to dLGN or TRN and A1 to MGBv, which suggests that the visual deprivation-induced plasticity occurs predominantly at the level of thalamic inhibition. We provide evidence that visual deprivation-induced change in the short-term depression of TRN inhibition to MGBv involves endocannabinoid CB1 receptors. TRN inhibition is considered critical for sensory gating, selective attention, and multimodal performances; hence, its plasticity has implications for sensory processing. Our results suggest that selective disinhibition and altered short-term dynamics of TRN inhibition in the spared thalamic nucleus support cross-modal plasticity in the adult brain.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLosing vision triggers adaptation of the brain to enhance the processing of the remaining senses, which can be observed as better auditory performance in blind subjects. We previously found that depriving vision of adult rodents produces widespread circuit reorganization in the primary auditory cortex and enhances auditory processing at a neural level. Here we report that visual deprivation-induced plasticity in adults occurs much earlier in the auditory pathway, at the level of thalamic inhibition. Sensory processing is largely gated at the level of the thalamus via strong cortical feedback inhibition mediated through the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN). We found that TRN inhibition of the auditory thalamus is selectively reduced by visual deprivation, thus playing a role in adult cross-modal plasticity.
Influence of cortisol cosecretion on non-ACTH-stimulated adrenal venous sampling in primary aldosteronism: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Heinrich Daniel Alexander , Quinkler Marcus , Adolf Christian , Handgriff Laura , Müller Lisa , Schneider Holger , Sturm Lisa , Künzel Heike , Seidensticker Max , Deniz Sinan , Ladurner Roland , Beuschlein Felix , Reincke Martin
Published: September 2022

Objective

Cortisol measurements are essential for the interpretation of adrenal venous samplings (AVS) in primary aldosteronism (PA). Cortisol cosecretion may influence AVS indices. We aimed to investigate whether cortisol cosecretion affects non-adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)-stimulated AVS results.

Design

Retrospective cohort study at a tertiary referral center.

Methods

We analyzed 278 PA patients who underwent non-ACTH-stimulated AVS and had undergone at least a 1-mg dexamethasone suppression test (DST). Subsets underwent additional late-night salivary cortisol (LSC) and/or 24-h urinary free cortisol (UFC) measurements. Patients were studied from 2013 to 2020 with follow-up data of 6 months following adrenalectomy or mineralocorticoid antagonist therapy initiation. We analyzed AVS parameters including adrenal vein aldosterone/cortisol ratios, selectivity, lateralization (LI) and contralateral suppression indices and post-operative ACTH-stimulation. We classified outcomes according to the primary aldosteronism surgical outcome (PASO) criteria.

Results

Among the patients, 18.9% had a pathological DST result (1.9–5 µg/dL: n = 44 (15.8%); >5 µg/dL: n = 8 (2.9%)). Comparison of AVS results stratified according to the 1-mg DST (≤1.8 vs >1.8 µg/dL: P = 0.499; ≤1.8 vs 1.8 ≤ 5 vs >5 µg/dL: P = 0.811) showed no difference. Lateralized cases with post DST serum cortisol values > 5 µg/dL had lower LI (≤1.8 µg/dL: 11.11 (5.36; 26.76) vs 1.9–5 µg/dL: 11.76 (4.9; 31.88) vs >5 µg/dL: 2.58 (1.67; 3.3); P = 0.008). PASO outcome was not different according to cortisol cosecretion.

Conclusions

Marked cortisol cosecretion has the potential to influence non-ACTH-stimulated AVS results. While this could result in falsely classified lateralized cases as bilateral, further analysis of substitutes for cortisol are required to unmask effects on clinical outcome.
Diurnal cortisol features with cardiovascular disease in hypertensive patients: a cohort study
Authors: Gan Lin , Li Nanfang , Heizati Mulalibieke , Lin Mengyue , Zhu Qing , Hong Jing , Wu Ting , Tong Ling , Xiamili Zuhere , Lin Yue
Published: September 2022

Objective

The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis may be associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the effects of diurnal cortisol features on future CVD remain unclear among patients with hypertension. This study aimed to evaluate the association between diurnal cortisol features and CVD in patients with hypertension.

Design and methods

Participants with cortisol rhythm test at baseline in Urumqi Research on Sleep Apnea and Hypertension (UROSAH) in 2011–2013 were enrolled and followed up till 2021. Incident events included coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure. Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the relationship between diurnal cortisol features and incident CVD. Sex-specific and sensitivity analyses were also performed.

Results

In total, 2305 hypertensive participants comprised the current analytical sample. During a median follow-up of 7.2 years and 16374.9 person-years, there were 242 incident CVD cases. Multivariable Cox regression showed that steep diurnal cortisol slope (DCS) was significantly associated with decreased CVD risk (per s.d., hazard ratio (HR) = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.77–0.96, P = 0.011). Midnight cortisol was positively associated with an increased CVD risk (per s.d., HR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.08–1.42, P = 0.002). Comparable results were observed in the sensitivity analyses. Neither midnight cortisol nor DCS was associated with incident CVD in the female subgroup.

Conclusions

Flatter DCS and higher midnight cortisol levels are associated with an increased risk of CVD in patients with hypertension, especially in men. The detection of diurnal cortisol rhythm may help identify patients with hypertension at high risk of CVD.
Glycemic disorders in patients with pheochromocytomas and sympathetic paragangliomas
Authors: Araujo-Castro Marta , Mínguez Ojeda César , García Centeno Rogelio , López-García María-Carmen , Lamas Cristina , Hanzu Felicia Alexandra , Mora Mireia , del Castillo Tous María , Rodríguez de Vera Gómez Pablo , Parra Ramírez Paola , Alvarez-Escola Cristina , Blanco Carrera Concepción , Barahona San Millán Rebeca , Recasens Mónica , Valdés Nuria , Gracia Gimeno Paola , de Miguel Novoa Paz , Vicente Almudena , Manjón Laura , García Sanz Iñigo , Michalopoulou Theodora , Calatayud María
Published: September 2022

The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of glycemic disorders (diabetes mellitus and prediabetes) in patients with pheochromocytomas and sympathetic paragangliomas (PPGLs) and identify risk factors for their development and the likelihood of their resolution after surgery. A multicentric retrospective study of patients with PPGLs submitted to surgery between 2000 and 2021 in 17 Spanish hospitals was performed. Diabetes-specific data were collected at diagnosis, in the immediate- and long-term postsurgical follow-up. A total of 229 patients with PPGLs were included (218 with pheochromocytomas and 11 with sympathetic paragangliomas). Before surgery, glycemic disorders were diagnosed in 35.4% of the patients (n = 81): 54 with diabetes and 27 with prediabetes. The variables independently associated with a higher risk of glycemic disorders were sporadic PPGL (odds ratio (OR) = 3.26 (1.14–9.36)) and hypertension (OR = 3.14 (1.09–9.01)). A significant decrease in fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels was observed after surgery, in the short-term and long-term follow-up (P < 0.001). After a median follow-up of 48.5 months (range 3.3–168.9), after surgery, 52% of diabetic and 68% of prediabetic patients experienced a complete resolution. Lower body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.001), lower glucose levels (P = 0.047) and shorter duration of diabetes prior to surgery (P = 0.021) were associated with a higher probability of diabetes resolution. In conclusion, glycemic disorders in patients with PPGLs are present in more than a third of them at diagnosis. Sporadic PPGLs and hypertension are risk factors for their development. More than 50% of cases experience a complete resolution of the glycemic disorder after resection of the PPGLs.
Retinoic acid receptor structures: the journey from single domains to full-length complex
Authors: Rastinejad Fraydoon
Published: September 2022

The retinoic acid receptors (RARα, β, and γ) are multi-domain polypeptides that heterodimerize with retinoid X receptors (RXRα, β, and γ) to form functional transcription factors. Understanding the three-dimensional molecular organization of these nuclear receptors (NRs) began with RAR and RXR DNA-binding domains (DBDs), and were followed with studies on isolated ligand-binding domains (LBDs). The more complete picture emerged in 2017 with the multi-domain crystal structure of RXRα–RARβ on its response element with retinoic acid molecules and coactivator segments on both proteins. The analysis of that structure and its complementary studies have clarified the direct communication pathways within RXR–RAR polypeptides, through which DNA binding, protein–ligand, and protein–protein interactions are integrated for overall functional responses. Understanding the molecular connections in the RXR–RAR complex has benefited from direct observations of the multi-domain structures of RXRα–PPARγ, RXRα–LXRβ, HNF-4α homodimer, and androgen receptor homodimer, each bound to its response element. These comprehensive NR structures show unique quaternary architectures, yet all have DBD–DBD, LBD–LBD, and DBD–LBD domain–domain contacts within them. These convergence zones allow signals from discrete domains of their polypeptides to be propagated and integrated across their entire complex, shaping their overall responses in an allosteric fashion.
Structure of full-length TSH receptor in complex with antibody K1-70™
Authors: Núñez Miguel Ricardo , Sanders Paul , Allen Lloyd , Evans Michele , Holly Matthew , Johnson William , Sullivan Andrew , Sanders Jane , Furmaniak Jadwiga , Rees Smith Bernard
Published: September 2022

Determination of the full-length thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) structure by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is described. The TSHR complexed with human monoclonal TSHR autoantibody K1-70™ (a powerful inhibitor of TSH action) was detergent solubilised, purified to homogeneity and analysed by cryo-EM. The structure (global resolution 3.3 Å) is a monomer with all three domains visible: leucine-rich domain (LRD), hinge region (HR) and transmembrane domain (TMD). The TSHR extracellular domain (ECD, composed of the LRD and HR) is positioned on top of the TMD extracellular surface. Extensive interactions between the TMD and ECD are observed in the structure, and their analysis provides an explanation of the effects of various TSHR mutations on TSHR constitutive activity and on ligand-induced activation. K1-70™ is seen to be well clear of the lipid bilayer. However, superimposition of M22™ (a human monoclonal TSHR autoantibody which is a powerful stimulator of the TSHR) on the cryo-EM structure shows that it would clash with the bilayer unless the TSHR HR rotates upwards as part of the M22™ binding process. This rotation could have an important role in TSHR stimulation by M22™ and as such provides an explanation as to why K1-70™ blocks the binding of TSH and M22™ without activating the receptor itself.
МЕНЕДЖЕР У ФІЗИЧНІЙ КУЛЬТУРІ: ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯ РОБОЧОГО МІСЦЯ; УМОВИ ПРАЦІ
Authors: Тягур Роман
Published: September 2022

Мета.  Визначити сутність і зміст організації та планування робочого місця менеджера у фізичній культурі; розкрити вимоги до його робочого місця. Методи. Для реалізації поставленої мети були використані наступні методи дослідження: теоретичний аналіз і узагальнення науково-методичної літератури. Результати. Робоче місце менеджера це просторова зона, яка обладнана  необхідними матеріальними засобами, технікою і певним чином організована, у якій здійснюється трудова діяльність менеджера ( тобто, це місце, де виконується робота менеджера). Організація робочого місця менеджера це сукупність   заходів щодо обладнання робочого місця засобами і знаряддями праці та їх розміщення у визначеному порядку. Праця менеджера є не тільки суто розумовою діяльністю. В процесі виконання своєї роботи менеджер працює з комп’ютером, користується телефоном, факсом, модемом, технікою для множення документів. Його праця це безліч різних рухів, простих та складних, таких, які виконуються тільки  один раз, та таких, які повторюються багато разів, які вимагають уваги або виконуються автоматично. Планування робочого місця менеджера передбачає раціональне відповідно, функціональних,  гігієнічних, психофізіологічних і естетичних вимог розміщення  в кабінеті або в іншому службовому приміщенні меблів, обладнання і комп’ютера. Крім того, воно має виключати витрати часу, пов’язані з недоцільним переміщенням,забезпечувати умови для ефективного виконання менеджером своїх функцій і економне використання площі службового приміщення.  В сучасних умовах більша частина робочих місць менеджерів формується на основі індивідуальних проектів або взагалі без них. У цьому одна з причин невисокого рівня організації робочих місць, низької ефективності витрат на їх обладнання.  До проектування робочих місць на практиці пред’являються певні вимоги, що частково можуть бути виражені в кількісних показниках – нормах і нормативах, а частково мають тільки якісний опис. Висновок. Завдання раціональної організації робочих місць менеджерів включає в себе не тільки забезпечення  його усім необхідним відповідно до змісту та характеру роботи, яка виконується, але й раціональне його розміщення, створення комфортних умов праці. Найкращий варіант робочого місця, як і в інших сферах діяльності, може бути визначений  тільки за умови детального аналізу тієї роботи, яка виконується менеджером.
Acceptability of Deimplementing High-Flow Nasal Cannula in Pediatric Bronchiolitis
Authors: Gupta Nisha , Port Courtney , Jo Diana , Bastawrous David , Busch Hayley , Weis Amy , Newcomb Anna
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in children hospitalized with bronchiolitis does not significantly improve clinical outcomes but can increase costs and intensive care unit use. Given widespread HFNC use, it is imperative to reduce use. However, there is limited information on key factors that affect deimplementation. To explore acceptability of HFNC deimplementation, perceptions of HFNC benefits, and identify barriers and facilitators to deimplementation.

METHODS

We conducted a study of health care providers that included quantitative survey data supplemented by semistructured interviews. Data were analyzed using univariate tests and thematic content analysis.

RESULTS

A total of 152 (39%) providers completed the survey; 9 participated in interviews. Eighty-three (55%) providers reported feeling positively about deimplementing HFNC. Reports of feeling positively increased as perceived familiarity with evidence increased (P = .04). Physicians were more likely than nurses and respiratory therapists to report feeling positively (P = .003). Hospital setting and years of clinical experience were not associated with feeling positively (P = .98 and .55, respectively). One hundred (66%) providers attributed nonevidence-based clinical benefits to HFNC. Barriers to deimplementation included discomfort with not intervening, perception that HFNC helps, and variation in risk tolerance and clinical experience. Facilitators promoting deimplementation include staff education, a culture of safely doing less, and enhanced multidisciplinary communication.

CONCLUSIONS

Deimplementation of HFNC in children with bronchiolitis is acceptable among providers. Hospital leaders should educate staff, create a culture for safely doing less, and enhance multidisciplinary communication to facilitate deimplementation.
Revisión del sentido y los aprendizajes del movimiento estudiantil de 1971 en Colombia
Authors: Caycedo Jaime
Published: September 2022

El movimiento estudiantil de 1971 marca el estallido social de capas medias universitarias en el marco de intensas expresiones de inconformidad social campesina, de los maestros y de los obreros en el último gobierno del Frente Nacional. Este último surgido de unas elecciones presidenciales muy controvertidas, con una oposición no anti sistémica pero extensa y relacionado con un ambiente internacional marcado por el fracaso de la Alianza para el Progreso y el triunfo de la Unidad Popular en Chile. El mensaje de unidad de acción entorno del Programa Mínimo como proyecto de modificación del gobierno universitario, con ampliación de la participación de estudiantes y profesores creó la fuerza que obligó al Estado a prestar atención a una problemática largamente confrontada desde los años sesenta. La idea de reforma universitaria enlazó con los nuevos temas creados por la concepción del Plan básico, el papel de las fundaciones estadounidenses y los aparatos empresariales Ad Hoc destinados a dirigir el nivel epistémico del aparato ideológico universitario. Categorías como democratización y nacionalización resignificadas subrayan la búsqueda de una alternativa a la mayor dependencia y tendencia a la integración orgánica en el sistema imperialista.
Los Estados Janos, las dos caras de los Estados constitucionales: una caracterización de la normalidad y la excepcionalidad jurídica a partir de la teoría de Foucault
Authors: Sánchez Álvarez María Angélica
Published: September 2022

El presente artículo busca entender la forma en que ha operado el proceso de transformación de los Estados constitucionales en Estados Janos, es decir en Estados que garantizan derechos y libertades al mismo tiempo que reprimen y ejercen violencia contra la población, como es el caso del Estado colombiano. Asimismo, analiza la forma en que el uso indiscriminado del estado de excepción influye en la deriva represiva de los Estados. En ese sentido, este artículo busca establecer la naturaleza de los Estados Janos y su relación con el estado de excepción. Para lograr dar respuesta se elabora una caracterización de la normalidad y la excepcionalidad jurídica a partir de la teoría de Foucault. Al final, se establece que la normalidad jurídica de los Estados Janos se encuentran alterada por una reducción de las libertades al interior de las relaciones de poder que corresponde al proceso de excepcionalización del derecho.
EFL Teachers’ Professional Identity: A Narrative Study With Colombian Graduate Students
Authors: Mosquera-Pérez Jhon Eduardo , Losada-Rivas Jhon Jairo
Published: September 2022

This paper reports a qualitative narrative study that explored the trajectories of English language teachers’ identities before and after their participation in a master’s program in English language teaching at a Colombian public university. After analyzing the data gathered through oral narratives and narrative interviews, results showed that teachers’ identities are part of an endless process nurtured by experiences at the academic, pedagogical, and personal levels. We found that such experiences were constantly cultivated and analyzed in the master’s seminars, which positively influenced the development of the participants’ identities by making them more reflective and critical practitioners. Most teachers reported developing higher levels of social commitment, critical-reflective engagement, and research-oriented practices due to their graduate academic experience.
Mentoring Language Student-Teachers: A Narrative Perspective to Mentors’ Experiences From Borders and Cracks
Authors: Aguirre-Garzón Edgar , Ubaque-Casallas Diego
Published: September 2022

This narrative study analyzes two mentors’ experiences in their mentoring practices with language student-teachers in a private university in Bogotá (Colombia). Employing life-story interviews and drawing on ways of thinking and theorizing from praxis as a standpoint to enact decoloniality, we approach mentors’ narratives from the notion of crack. Findings reveal that, for mentors, mentoring practices represent a space for knowledge reconfiguration, a locus of collective knowledge construction, and territories where student-teachers can mobilize and exercise their agency. Overall, when making meaning of clashing experiences in mentoring, mentors have constructed ways to fracture traditional and hegemonic logics of seeing knowledge and the self in teacher education.
Building EFL Preservice Teachers’ Professional Identity: Does Gender Matter?
Authors: Pérez-Gracia Elisa , Serrano-Rodríguez Rocío , Pontes-Pedrajas Alfonso
Published: September 2022

This study explores the beliefs of English as a foreign language preservice secondary education teachers regarding the construction of teachers’ professional identity. A questionnaire was used to obtain the opinions of 131 future teachers in the 2014–2020 academic years. Results showed that the participants understood teachers’ professional identity to be connected to the ability to motivate students, manage the classroom, and care about interpersonal relations. Women and men think differently regarding the effect of the acquisition of new methodologies, the psycho-pedagogical training, and a longer placement period in the construction of teachers’ professional identity. To conclude, this study provided the chance to reflect on the importance of strengthening the professional identity of English as a foreign language teachers while considering the gender perspective to introduce changes in the curriculum.
Desarrollo del Instrumento para Evaluar la Calidad Técnica de Pruebas Psicológicas
Authors: Herrera Rojas Aura Nidia , León Grisales Flor Angela
Published: September 2022

Una de las estrategias utilizadas para garantizar procesos de evaluación psicológica de acuerdo con altos estándares éticos y técnicos consiste en evaluar la calidad de las pruebas que se utilizan en tales procesos y divulgar ampliamente la información, para que los profesionales usuarios de pruebas tengan suficientes elementos de juicio a la hora de decidir sobre la selección y uso de las mismas. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo desarrollar un instrumento para valorar la calidad técnica de las pruebas publicadas en español, utilizadas en Colombia. Con base en la revisión de seis modelos de evaluación de pruebas (alemán, español, holandés, británico, brasileño y el de la Federación Europea de Asociaciones de Psicólogos, efpa) y la identificación de las pruebas más usadas en Colombia (Herrera, & León, 2015), se adelantó un proyecto colaborativo dentro del cual se conformó un grupo de expertos con participación de instituciones de todo el país para desarrollar un la primera versión del instrumento; ésta fue sometida a revisión por jueces y se adelantó una aplicación piloto con seis de las pruebas más usadas. Este documento presenta en detalle la estructura, los indicadores de calidad y los criterios de evaluación que conforman el instrumento que se constituye en el primer modelo para Colombia.
Use of mobile technologies for driving, road accidents, health and psychological variables in Colombian drivers
Authors: Ruiz Pérez José Ignacio , Serge Rodríguez Andrea Cecilia
Published: September 2022

The aim of this investigation is to show the relationships between the use of Mobile Driving Applications and Devices (mdad) with self-reported road accidents, anger, physical health, and subjective wellbeing, in three types of Colombian drivers. The sample is non-randomized (n = 1149) and 93.2% are male drivers. Results showed that (a) for professional drivers, there is an inverse correlation between the use of mdad with lower driving frequency during weekdays and a higher educational level, (b) for occasional drivers, gps use was directly associated with fatal road accidents and low driving frequency during weekdays, (c) for private drivers, correlations were found between mdad broader usage, higher levels of both aggression and perceived driving difficulty as well as physical health problems mainly hypertension and diabetes. It is necessary to conduct in-depth research on mdad uses, health, and driving styles, by controlling social desirability.
Estudio teórico de la oxidación de CO con O2 usando catalizadores de Au-Pd y Au-Pt
Authors: Forero Garzón Andrés Felipe , Joya Rodríguez Sergio , Cachón Osorio Kevin Nicolás Sebastián , Bernal Escobar Andrés Fernando , Gómez Badhin , Sánchez-Velandia Julián E. , Mejía Chica Sol Milena
Published: September 2022

En el presente estudio se realizaron cálculos con base en la Teoría del Funcional de la Densidad Electrónica (DFT) con la aproximación B3PW91/LANL2DZ para optimizar los sistemas monometálicos y bimetálicos Au9, Au8Pd, Au8Pt, AuPd8, AuPt8, Pd9 y Pt9. Los materiales fueron teóricamente evaluados como catalizadores para la oxidación de monóxido de carbono (CO) y se determinó el sistema más favorable para la adsorción de esta molécula. La sustitución de átomos de Pt y Pd por átomos de Au en los nonámeros generó un cambio en la estructura tridimensional del sistema. El análisis de reactividad global mostró que el clúster más reactivo es 𝑃𝑡9, seguido por 𝐴𝑢𝑃𝑡8. Los índices de Fukui identificaron los sitios más susceptibles para un ataque nucleofílico de ambos clústeres. La adsorción de CO generó una cascada de oxidación que liberó ~4,5 eV, indicando que la reacción es altamente exotérmica y exergónica. Los clústeres 𝐴𝑢𝑃𝑡8 y 𝑃𝑡9 mostraron los valores más bajos de energía de activación de la etapa determinante del mecanismo. En general, la sustitución de un átomo de platino (o paladio) por un átomo de oro no afecta la reactividad de los nonámeros y, por tanto, se infiere que el clúster 𝐴𝑢𝑃𝑡8 podría ser un catalizador promisorio en la oxidación de CO.
Campylobacter jejuni infection induces acute enterocolitis in IL-10-/- mice pretreated with ampicillin plus sulbactam
Authors: Heimesaat Markus M. , Mousavi Soraya , Bandick Rasmus , Bereswill Stefan
Published: September 2022

Gut microbiota depletion is a pivotal prerequisite to warrant Campylobacter jejuni infection and induced inflammation in IL-10-/- mice used as acute campylobacteriosis model. We here assessed the impact of an 8-week antibiotic regimen of ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, metronidazole, and vancomycin (ABx) as compared to ampicillin plus sulbactam (A/S) on gut microbiota depletion and immunopathological responses upon oral C. jejuni infection. Our obtained results revealed that both antibiotic regimens were comparably effective in depleting the murine gut microbiota facilitating similar pathogenic colonization alongside the gastrointestinal tract following oral infection. Irrespective of the preceding microbiota depletion regimen, mice were similarly compromised by acute C. jejuni induced enterocolitis as indicated by comparable clinical scores and macroscopic as well as microscopic sequelae such as colonic histopathology and apoptosis on day 6 post-infection. Furthermore, innate and adaptive immune cell responses in the large intestines were similar in both infected cohorts, which also held true for intestinal, extra-intestinal and even systemic secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-6. In conclusion, gut microbiota depletion in IL-10-/- mice by ampicillin plus sulbactam is sufficient to investigate both, C. jejuni infection and the immunopathological features of acute campylobacteriosis.
Transmission of the Milindapañha
Authors: Ooi Eng Jin
Published: September 2022

This article re-examines speculations about school affiliation of the Milindapañha (Questions of King Milinda) and traces its presence from North West India in the early centuries CE up to Southeast Asia in the nineteenth century. As there are significant differences between the textual traditions of the Pali Text Society’s Milindapañho and the Siamese printed edition, the Milindapañh?, I will discuss the little-known textual characteristics of the Siamese recensions which were circulating in Central Siam from at least the seventeenth century. This is possible with the discovery of several Ayutthaya period Milindapañha manuscripts kept at a temple and the National Library of Thailand. By the end of the eighteenth century, at least three different recensions were circulating in Central Siam. This paper will present some of their dissimilarities as well as their probable textual lineages. The newly discovered manuscripts also partly demonstrate that the shape of the textual tradition of a text, at least for the Milindapañha in Siam, reflects a function of the textual community that preserved and transmitted it.
Listening to the Theragatha
Authors: Tam Kam Wai Erich
Published: September 2022

In the study of Pali metres, abundant research has been conducted on the establishment of rules and taxonomy, and scanning of unscanned verses. In comparison, the stylistic aspects of metres have been somewhat neglected. When the audiences listen to verses with their ears only set for metrical rules but not also the interplay of various rhythmic patterns, they fail to fully capture the aesthetic beauty and the very philosophical messages embedded in them. Taking the verses in the Dasanipata of the Theragatha as examples, this article focuses on the stylistic interplay of rhythmic uniformity and change in the expression of core messages in a Pali poem. It aims to unveil the poets’ strategies in the use of various types of metres and prosodic elements (opening, trimetre break, caesura and cadence) to create the narrative style of each poem and draw the audiences’ attention to the Buddha’s key teachings in the verses.
Superiority Conceit in Buddhist Traditions: A Historical Perspective, by Bhikkhu Analayo.
Authors: Gangodawila Chandima
Published: September 2022

Superiority Conceit in Buddhist Traditions: A Historical Perspective, by Bhikkhu Analayo. Wisdom Publications, 2021. 184pp. Hb. $24.95, ISBN-13: 9781614297192; Ebook $12.99, ISBN-10:1614297193.
The Last Battles of the Civil War in the Far Eastern Republic (On the Memoirs of I.A. Makhanov)
Authors:   Volgograd Institute of the Management, Branch of Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Tyumentsev Igor
Published: September 2022

Introduction. The published material contains a fragment of the memoirs of I.A. Makhanov, an employee of the artillery department of the People’s Revolutionary Army of the Far Eastern Republic. The text of the memoirs is kept in a manuscript in a single copy in the personal archive of the author’s son and has not been published yet. The publication has been prepared on the base of modern methods of source study and archeography. Archaeographic notes are provided in footnotes. In the comments to the text, reference data on geographical names, personalities, events mentioned in the memoirs are given. Analysis. As a participant in the Civil War in the Far East, I.A. Makhanov made interesting descriptions of the battles at the In and Olgokhta stations – the final battles of the People’s Revolutionary Army of the Far Eastern Republic against the last military formations of the White Army. Memoirs of I.A. Makhanov are an important and informative source on the history of the final stage of the Civil War in Russia. Results. The scientific publication of memoirs gives opportunity to introduce significant clarifications in the prevailing ideas about the end of the Civil War and the establishment of Soviet power in the Far East. Key words: The Civil War in Russia, the Far Eastern People’s Republic, the artillery department of the People’s Army, the end of the Civil War, memoirs of I.A. Makhanov.
Russian Emigrants in China in the 1920–1930s: Two Civil Wars on the Same Life Route
Authors:   Kuban State Technological University, Blagoder Yuliya
Published: September 2022

Introduction. The purpose of this study is to present a picture of the life path of Russians (military, cossacks) who witnessed and participated in two civil wars: in Russia and in China. This topic is relevant, since its research allows us to analyze the ways of adaptation of people who have experienced severe forms of transformation in various spheres of life of the two states. Methods and materials. The source base of the study is represented by narrative sources (personal diaries of Russian emigrants A.P. Budberg, G.P. Larin, E.N. Pastukhin, A.A. Tikhobrazova, I.I. Shtina) and periodicals published in Russian by Russian emigrants in China in the 1920 (newspapers “Molva”, “Zarya”, “Russian Voice”, “Gun-Bao”). To present a multifaceted picture of the life of Russian emigrants in China, the following methods were used: dialectical, systemic, analytical-synthetic, historical-comparative, historicalanthropological. Analysis. This study examines the unique history of various categories of emigrants who survived the collapse of spiritual values, ideology, political and economic systems, and the breakdown of the social structure during the civil wars. Against the background of political games, battles, the formation and destruction of military alliances, the story of former Russian military and civilians unfolds, who, in search of earnings and / or for ideological reasons, fought in the ranks of the military units of the Chinese militarists in the 1920–1930. The presented study reflects the struggle between Soviet and anti-Soviet ideology in the Far East, in China: the participation of Russians in the civil war in China, condemnation of Soviet policy on the pages of personal diaries and Russian-language newspapers published in China, support by some public organizations of fascist ideology and the occupation policy of Japan. Results. Historical events were identified that linked the fate of a large number of representatives of the two states. Shown are the various life paths that Russians chose in a foreign land, the difficulties they faced. Their attitude to the spiritual (moral) values of Russian culture is noted. The problem of disunity between military units and their leaders, which killed the “white” army in the civil war in Russia, was not overcome in China. The modern world never ceases to accept the challenges of supporters of radical transformations. This increases public interest in the experience of adaptation of Russian emigrants in China.
Research on Tonkin – Cochinchina Civil War (Vietnam) During the 17th and 18th Centuries Through Western Materials
Authors:   The University of Danang, University of Science and Education, Truong Anh
Published: September 2022

Introduction. The article researches Tonkin – Cochinchina Civil War (in Vietnamese history, also known as Dang Trong – Dang Ngoai War or Trinh – Nguyen War) that took place from the early 17th century to the late 18th century in Vietnam. Methods and Materials. When researching this matter, the author used Western materials, including writings, reports, correspondences, diaries, etc., of Western missionaries, merchants, and travellers used to operate in Vietnam in the 17th and 18th centuries. The author combines two main research methods of historical science (historical method and logical method) with other research methods (system, analysis, synthesis, comparison, etc.) to clarify the article’s contents. Analysis. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the struggle for political power between two powers: Trinh Lord in Tonkin and Nguyen Lord in Cochinchina, caused Vietnam to undergo a fierce civil war that lasted for more than a century. This civil war was scattered mentioned in Western missionaries, merchants, and travellers’ materials (including writings, reports, correspondences and diaries), operating in Vietnam during this period. The cause of the civil war outbreak, force correlation between two sides, happening of some battles and using foreign resources of Trinh Lord and Nguyen Lord to defeat the enemy, those were the contents recorded by Westerners. Despite not much adequate, researchers also have a basic visualization of Tonkin – Cochinchina Civil War’s panorama taking place in Vietnam in the 17th and 18th centuries. Results. Based on researching several contents related to Tonkin – Cochinchina Civil War, mentioned in writings, reports, correspondences, and diaries of Westerners present in Vietnam in the 17th and 18th centuries, the author analyzed to draw out the advantages and limitations of these materials. On that basis, the author initially clarifies its value for the research and assessment of Tonkin – Cochinchina Civil War of Vietnamese scholars at present and in the future.
Modern Approaches to the Characterization of the Chronological Framework of the Civil War in Russia
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Trut Vladimir
Published: September 2022

Introduction. The paper examines various approaches of authoritative domestic and foreign researchers to the issues of substantiation and characteristics of the upper and lower chronological boundaries of the Civil War in Russia in the twentieth century, presented by them in scientific publications of the modern period of time. A comprehensive and detailed description of the time of the beginning and end of the Civil War is of great importance for the essential consideration of this extremely complex, contradictory, ambiguous, tragic, but at the same time significant event in the history of our country. Methods and materials. The study used logical analysis, the method of periodization of the historical process in the “historiographic refraction”, the historical-system method and scientific-critical analysis. The sources of this article are scientific studies of domestic and foreign historians of the modern period of time devoted to the issue of the chronological framework of the beginning and end of the Civil War in Russia. Analysis. The article identifies and critically analyzes various points of view of authoritative domestic and foreign researchers on the issues of the time of the beginning and end of the Civil War. The main approaches of historians to the periodization of the time of the beginning and end of the war, which are currently shared by the overwhelming majority of members of the historical scientific community, are characterized. Both general, fully or partially coinciding author’s positions on this issue and completely different approaches of researchers on its characteristics are shown. Objective analysis and scientific criticism have been subjected to the most controversial, from our point of view, views of some domestic and especially foreign historians on these issues, the argumentation of whose positions raises reasonable objections. Results. A scientific and critical analysis of modern historiographical developments of domestic and foreign historians on this issue has shown that there is currently no single, universally recognized point of view on this issue in historiography. This circumstance is due to both the complexity and ambiguity of the justification of the upper and lower chronological boundaries of the Civil War, as well as the existing author’s approaches, each of which has an appropriate scientific theoretical and factual argumentation.
Between Science and Ideological Pressure: Political Reflection on Civil War in Soviet Russia in 1917–1922
Authors:   Moscow State Linguistic University, Belozerov Vasily
Published: September 2022

Introduction. The article explores the process and circumstances of understanding war as a political phenomenon in Soviet Russia 1917–1922, describes their impact on practice and theory development. For this purpose, the author studies the related political and ideological circumstances, characterizes the theory of class warfare and shows the specifics of understanding of the link between war and politics. Methodology and research methods. The methodology is based on political realism and the recognition of war as a complex, volatile and contradictory political phenomenon. The article identifies the causality between the attitudes of the Soviet leadership, political practice and theoretical approaches to the study of war, taking into account real political situations, processes and decisions. Analysis. The study of war as a political phenomenon took place in the context of policy impact of the ideology and doctrinal principles of the state. Two approaches have emerged in the development of the theory of war. The first was characterized by a pronounced ideological perception of the war. The second approach was marked by the recognition of the political nature and determination of war, while avoiding the discussion on the mechanism of implementation of Soviet political institutions into military theory and practice. Under these conditions, the synthesis of the two research paradigms was impossible. As a result, the first approach that didn’t recognize the existence of alternative points of view in the study of war began to prevail. Results. In the early years of Soviet power, the scientific study of war turned out to be secondary in relation to the official ideological and doctrinal guidelines, which eventually began to formulate the comprehension of war as a political phenomenon. This situation, with minor changes, remained in the subsequent decades, which had consequences for the country’s defense and the use of military force.
Thank You, Kenneth Branagh
Authors: Walton Brenda
Published: September 2022

This article presents a specific approach to teaching William Shakespeare's Hamlet to high school students by using Branagh's film version. Using the closed‐captioned feature of the film, students see and read the text while watching the action. Observation indicates that comprehension and overall reading skills are improved.
Applying New Visions of Reading Development in Today's Classrooms
Authors: Dougherty Stahl Katherine A.
Published: September 2022

Constrained skills theory is a reconceptualization of reading development that suggests a continuum of skills, with some, such as letter knowledge and decoding abilities, more tightly constrained than others, such as phonological awareness and oral reading fluency. The most constrained skills consist of a limited number of items and thus can be mastered universally within a relatively short time frame. The least constrained skills, vocabulary and comprehension, are learned across a lifetime, broad in scope, variable among people, and may influence many other skills. This article addresses the important implications of this theory for classroom practice, curricula, and assessment. Finally, cautions are issued regarding the potential to overemphasize the assessment and instruction of constrained abilities in an effort to enhance the likelihood of the successful long‐term acquisition of unconstrained abilities.
Pedagogical Potential of Linguistic Landscape for English Teaching and Learning: An Analysis of Pre-Service Elementary School Teachers’ Activities in a Multimedia English Course
Authors: Jang In Chull
Published: September 2022

With the growing interest in linguistic landscape in sociolinguistic studies, many language educators and researchers have begun to consider how the sociolinguistic concept and analytic methods can be mobilized for language learning and teaching. To explore the pedagogical potential of linguistic landscape, this study examines how pre-service teachers understand the concept and implications of linguistic landscape for English education. For this purpose, 35 South Korean pre-service elementary school teachers taking a multimedia English course attended a session about linguistic landscape and engaged in two activities using multimedia resources and online platforms: a virtual linguistic landscape task and a linguistic landscape fieldwork project. The analysis of the learning outcomes of these two activities revealed that linguistic landscapes helped pre-service teachers increase their language awareness of public language use. However, their engagement with language awareness was affected by the spaces they chose to collect public signs. In their reflections on the activities, the pre-service teachers indicated that linguistic landscapes could be valuable resources for authentic English and cultural learning. They also stated that the levels of linguistic difficulty and cultural contents of public signage should be controlled. This article concludes by discussing how linguistic landscape can contribute to improving English teachers’ critical language awareness.
GEOGRAPHICAL ASPECTS OF EXHIBITION ACTIVITIES IN THE RUSSIAN OIL AND GAS SECTOR
Authors:   Smolensk State University, Sidorov Igor V.
Published: September 2022

The study is devoted to identifying the general and geographical features of the formation and functioning of exhibitions in the oil and gas sector of Russia. To this end, the author has compiled a database containing comparable information on all studied exhibitions: the name, the city, the venue, the organizer, the number of exhibitors, foreign exhibitors, the countries of participants, visitors, status of the exhibition. On this basis, the exhibitions were ranked according to each of the listed indicators, and the largest exhibitions have been identified; the description of exhibition activities at the level of federal districts is provided, with an emphasis on the intensity, territorial concentration, themes of exhibitions, and placement factors. There have been distinguished three exhibition areas in the industry under study: Central, Ural-Volga, Siberian. The paper presents the characteristics of the areas, shows differences in the total number of exhibition events, their status, venues, the status of organizing companies, exhibition themes, features of territorial concentration, and placement factors. Finally, the factors influencing the location of exhibitions of the oil and gas sector in Russia have been identified. Among them, special attention is paid to the presence of a well-developed business infrastructure that allows for quick and efficient resolution of any issues concerning the interaction between different entities of any sector of the economy; the presence of a well-developed exhibition infrastructure, making it possible to effectively serve the needs of participants in industry specific exhibitions (concentration of exhibition sites, warehouses, customs authorities, financial institutions, security services, communications, transport, accommodation facilities, public catering, etc.); good transport accessibility, specialization of the territory in the extraction and processing of oil and gas.