bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robustness, scalability, and integration of a wound-response gene expression signature in predicting breast cancer survival
Authors: Chang Howard Y. , Nuyten Dimitry S. A. , Sneddon Julie B. , Hastie Trevor , Tibshirani Robert , Sørlie Therese , Dai Hongyue , He Yudong D. , van't Veer Laura J. , Bartelink Harry , van de Rijn Matt , Brown Patrick O. , van de Vijver Marc J.
Published: February 2005

Based on the hypothesis that features of the molecular program of normal wound healing might play an important role in cancer metastasis, we previously identified consistent features in the transcriptional response of normal fibroblasts to serum, and used this “wound-response signature” to reveal links between wound healing and cancer progression in a variety of common epithelial tumors. Here, in a consecutive series of 295 early breast cancer patients, we show that both overall survival and distant metastasis-free survival are markedly diminished in patients whose tumors expressed this wound-response signature compared to tumors that did not express this signature. A gene expression centroid of the wound-response signature provides a basis for prospectively assigning a prognostic score that can be scaled to suit different clinical purposes. The wound-response signature improves risk stratification independently of known clinico-pathologic risk factors and previously established prognostic signatures based on unsupervised hierarchical clustering (“molecular subtypes”) or supervised predictors of metastasis (“70-gene prognosis signature”).
An
in vitro
model of hepatitis C virion production
Authors: Heller Theo , Saito Satoru , Auerbach Jonathan , Williams Tarice , Moreen Tzivia Rachel , Jazwinski Allison , Cruz Brian , Jeurkar Neha , Sapp Ronda , Luo Guangxiang , Liang T. Jake
Published: February 2005

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of liver disease worldwide. The understanding of the viral life cycle has been hampered by the lack of a satisfactory cell culture system. The development of the HCV replicon system has been a major advance, but the system does not produce virions. In this study, we constructed an infectious HCV genotype 1b cDNA between two ribozymes that are designed to generate the exact 5′ and 3′ ends of HCV. A second construct with a mutation in the active site of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) was generated as a control. The HCV-ribozyme expression construct was transfected into Huh7 cells. Both HCV structural and nonstructural proteins were detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot. RNase protection assays showed positive- and negative-strand HCV RNA. Sequence analysis of the 5′ and 3′ ends provided further evidence of viral replication. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation of the culture medium revealed colocalization of HCV RNA and structural proteins in a fraction with the density of 1.16 g/ml, the putative density of HCV virions. Electron microscopy showed viral particles of ≈50 nm in diameter. The level of HCV RNA in the culture medium was as high as 10 million copies per milliliter. The HCV-ribozyme construct with the inactivating mutation in the RdRp did not show evidence of viral replication, assembly, and release. This system supports the production and secretion of high-level HCV virions and extends the repertoire of tools available for the study of HCV biology.
Assembly and regulation of a glycolytic enzyme complex on the human erythrocyte membrane
Authors: Campanella M. Estela , Chu Haiyan , Low Philip S.
Published: February 2005

To characterize the location of glycolytic enzymes (GEs) in intact human erythrocytes, freshly drawn blood was fixed and stained with Abs to GAPDH, aldolase, phosphofructokinase (PFK), pyruvate kinase (PK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), carbonic anhydrase II, Hb, and band 3 (AE1). Confocal microscopy revealed that in cells where band 3 displays its expected membrane staining and Hb is evenly distributed across the cytoplasm, GEs are largely limited to the membrane. Biochemical studies confirmed that the membrane binding sites for GAPDH, aldolase, and PFK reside on band 3, but related analyses demonstrate that sites for PK and LDH do not. Four lines of evidence demonstrate that the GEs are at least partially assembled into multimeric complexes near the NH
2
terminus of band 3. First, a mAb to residues 1–12 of band 3 displaces all of the above GEs from the membrane, including LDH and PK, which do not bind band 3. Second, tyrosine phosphorylation of the NH
2
terminus of band 3 (Y8 and Y21) reversibly releases all of the GEs from the membrane, including LDH and PK. Third, deoxygenation of RBCs dislodges all GEs from the membrane, consistent with the established ability of deoxyHb but not oxyHb to bind the NH
2
terminus of band 3. Fourth, a large increase in the accessibility of enzyme epitopes is observed upon dissociation of GEs from the membrane. We conclude, therefore, that GEs are organized into complexes on the membrane whose assembly is regulated by oxygenation and phosphorylation.
Interactions between traditional regional determinants and socio-economic status on dietary patterns in a sample of French men
Authors: Perrin Anne-Elisabeth , Dallongeville Jean , Ducimetière Pierre , Ruidavets Jean-Bernard , Schlienger Jean-Louis , Arveiler Dominique , Simon Chantal
Published: February 2005

The aim of the present study was to assess the respective contributions of regional and socio-economic factors to dietary pattern. We used the data from the final MONICA (MONItoring of trends and determinants in Cardiovascular disease) population survey conducted in the three French centres in 1995–7 among a representative sample of 976 men aged 45–64 years. Dietary intake was assessed using a 3-d record method. Dietary patterns were identified by a factor analysis, based on fifteen food items. An analysis of variance was then used to study their relationship with regional and socio-economic determinants. Two major dietary patterns were identified: a ‘Western diet’, characterized by high intakes of sugar and sweets, grains, butter, added fats, eggs, potatoes and cheese; a ‘prudent diet’, mainly distinguished by high intakes of fruit, vegetables, olive oil and fish and low intakes of alcohol, high-fat meat and potatoes. Strong associations were mostly observed with the ‘prudent diet’ pattern, with a significant relationship with region, educational and income-tax levels, leisure-time physical activity and smoking status. There was also a statistically significant interaction between region and educational level (P=0·05), and between region and income-tax level (P=0·03), indicating that the influence of socio-economic factors is different among regions. In conclusion, these results indicate large regional and socio-economic differences in the dietary patterns of this French male population. When considering the ‘prudent diet’ pattern, they also suggest that traditional regional influences may now be overcome by socio-economic determinants.
“Isms” in information science: constructivism, collectivism and constructionism
Authors: Talja Sanna , Tuominen Kimmo , Savolainen Reijo
Published: February 2005

Purpose

Describes the basic premises of three metatheories that represent important or emerging perspectives on information seeking, retrieval and knowledge formation in information science: constructivism, collectivism, and constructionism.

Design/methodology/approach

Presents a literature‐based conceptual analysis. Pinpoints the differences between the positions in their conceptions of language and the nature and origin of knowledge.

Findings

Each of the three metatheories addresses and solves specific types of research questions and design problems. The metatheories thus complement one another. Each of the three metatheories encourages and constitutes a distinctive type of research and learning.

Originality/value

Outlines each metatheory's specific fields of application.
On Grounded Theory – with some malice
Authors: Seldén Lars
Published: February 2005

Purpose

To review critically the applicability of Grounded Theory.

Design/methodology/approach

Two perspectives are used: that of the author's personal experience and that of the internal pros and cons of Grounded Theory.

Findings

Grounded Theory is called into question regarding problems with pre‐understanding, with everyday knowledge, with disconnection of context, and with coding procedure.

Practical implications

It is important to think twice before using Grounded Theory in spite of its promising features at the outset.

Originality/value

Empirically and theoretically founded critique of Grounded Theory
Library instruction goes online
Authors: Yi Hua
Published: February 2005

Purpose

To demonstrate how there is an irreversible momentum towards the adoption of online modes of delivery for library instruction, a process which will have distinctive benefits in the promotion of enhanced levels of information literacy (IL).

Design/methodology/approach

The author uses case study and other literature, plus examples from personal professional practice to build an argument.

Findings

The momentum towards “cyber‐delivery” is inevitable and is driven by a variety of factors, which can be understood as either external or intrinsic to the arena of IL. External factors include the pressure to find the most effective educational approaches to train students to use tools such as Google appropriately (virtual formats are best to deal with virtual challenges); intrinsic factors include the innate suitability of online IL for encouraging independent learning and student‐centred education.

Research limitations/implications

The research technique consists of a dualistic analysis of dynamic factors driving the digital library movement towards online delivery of IL: this has the potential to be extended to other LIS contexts and tested for robustness and relevance.

Practical implications

The paper shows how the LIS practitioner can better understand the relevance of courseware‐based models of IL delivery for their user education practice.

Originality/value

An insightful summary and coherent analysis of a range of disparate trends in digital library developments helps provide a coherent overview of a fast‐developing aspect of the current LIS world.
The role of scenarios as prospective sensemaking devices
Authors: Wright Alex
Published: February 2005

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to undertake a critical consideration of the role of scenarios as prospective sensemaking devices through the dual theoretical perspectives of social constructionism and narrative.

Design/methodology/approach

The scholarly literature in the fields of strategy and scenario thinking, sensemaking, social construction and narrative are analysed and critically discussed, with their major contributions to the debate identified.

Findings

The main findings suggest that transformational change is observed to occur through inductive strategizing at the organization's periphery, in contrast with deductive strategy making at its centre. This causes one to question one's understanding of the strategist as a rational planner. An alternative perception of the strategist as interpretive bricoleur is offered. Adopting a scenario outlook and developing the capacities that comprise sensemaking are said to enhance the abilities of the inductive strategist. Through this, managers are more open to the unexpected and are able to construct meaning from uncertainty and ambiguity, laying the foundations for transformational strategizing. Originality/value – This paper is of value to both practitioners and scholars. For those involved in practical scenario construction it proposes a refocusing of scenarios from influencing managers’ decision making to enhancing their sensemaking capacities. For scholars, it supports and joins the call for strategy researchers to focus on how strategy in organisations is constructed and offers conceptual pointers on what may prove fruitful avenues to pursue. The paper concludes by proposing that through prospective sensemaking individuals can construct meaningful interpretations of their socially constructed worlds.
Developing an “education business partnership” through placement
Authors: Crawshaw Lynne
Published: February 2005

Examines the case for introduction of economic and industrial awareness in the primary sector. Notes the Curriculum Guidance for this cross‐curriculum theme issued by the National Curriculum Council in 1990 and draws on the experience of two case studies within primary schools to determine prerequisites for effective links. Using these resources as a basis, outlines the author’s own experience of using placement to forge a link with a local company, difficulties encountered, steps taken to cement the relationship culminating in a partnership development plan. Finds the results to be very similar to the case‐study evidence. Concludes that with total collaboration and commitment of educational and industrial partners a mutually fruitful and developing relationship can be formulated which is permanent notwithstanding future structural or personnel changes within the school or company.
The potential and barriers to the use of geographical information systems for marketing applications in higher educational institutions
Authors: Read Paul , Higgs Gary , Taylor George
Published: February 2005

Purpose

To highlight the potential (as well as perceived barriers) to the wider use of GIS in educational marketing.

Design/methodology/approach

Five case studies were conducted in order to identify the GIS capabilities that would be required by a typical educational institution. Using the knowledge gained from these case studies, a prototype “admissions GIS” based around a proprietary GIS package was developed.

Findings

Spatial approaches based around GIS should provide numerous benefits in educational marketing concerning, for example, the mapping and analysis of participation rates in relation to a variety of recruitment campaigns and widening participation strategies, in detecting changes in enrolment patterns and in the profiling of local areas in order to develop a range of courses designed to appeal to the customer segments therein.

Research limitations/implications

The paper has identified important barriers that will need to be overcome before such tools become more widely used in the higher education sector. The study has also highlighted concerns regarding the accuracy of particular data sets that became evident as the data were analysed. The findings from GIS‐based investigations could provide an important starting‐point for more qualitatively based follow‐up studies that may help explain the revealed patterns.

Practical implications

Widening access, student profiling, local area profiling and the availability of increasing amounts of geographically‐referenced data are all increasing the use of GIS, whose capabilities in mapping and geodemographics have led many to see it as an aid to student recruitment and retention in an increasingly crowded and competitive marketplace

Originality/value

There have been relatively few published studies of the potential of GIS, in conjunction with university administrative records and geodemographic techniques, in educational marketing. This study adds to this body of literature to demonstrate the current state of play and the perceived barriers to wider implementation and will be of particular relevance to those involved in marketing courses in higher education establishments.
55+ people as internet users
Authors: Vuori Satu , Holmlund‐Rytkönen Maria
Published: February 2005

Purpose

Explores internet‐related needs and wants of older adults and identifies internet user segments among them.

Design/methodology/approach

The internet, primarily designed for the young, has been at the centre of research and business attention for a number of years, whereas so far older age groups have received surprisingly little attention. A survey in the Greater Helsinki area in Finland was undertaken.

Findings

The survey showed that every 55+ respondent was acquainted with the internet and that one‐third of the respondents were non‐users, while the majority were frequent web visitors using and purchasing internet services to an extent fairly similar to younger counterparts. Two segments in line with the life‐stage model, labelled healthy indulging and ailing outgoing internet users, were found and show that there is heterogeneity among this age group.

Research limitations/implications

A limitation common to surveys also concerns this study, namely that the sample was quite small – 127 respondents – and strictly defined. Therefore in future studies it would be justified to expand the number and type of studied 55+ respondents, and also to conduct studies that reveal their real internet behaviour such as observation and participatory studies. Implications for web designers, service providers, and politicians are presented which are based on the respondents' own practical development ideas and suggestions.

Originality/value

The study is valuable because it sheds light on a rapidly increasing market segment on which there currently are very limited empirical findings, in particular outside the USA and concerning internet values and behaviour.
Business use of the internet
Authors: Koh Chang E. , “Ted” Nam Kyungdoo
Published: February 2005

Purpose

This study explores the relevance of the value chain concept in internet‐driven business and assesses the extent to which businesses utilize the internet from a value chain perspective. It attempts to answer the following three questions: is the value chain concept relevant and applicable to the internet as a means of understanding the internet? To what extent do organizations utilize the internet according to a value chain perspective? Does the business use of the internet change over time?

Design/methodology/approach

To answer these questions, a longitudinal survey study was conducted over a two‐year period. The first study collected data from 110 firms on the way they utilize the internet. Two years later, a similar survey was conducted with 70 firms using the same instrument used in the first study.

Findings

The study provided empirical support for the use of the value chain concept as a viable taxonomy for assessing the level of adoption of the internet. The study also provided a time‐lapsed glimpse of how organizations evolve in adopting the internet.

Research limitations/implications

One of the shortcomings of the study is in the sampling process, although various measures were taken to ensure that the data represent a wide range of organizations, so that the findings can be reasonably generalizable.

Practical implications

The most important practical contribution of the study is that it provides practitioners with a tool to systematically plan and deploy an ever‐increasing array of internet applications. The internet value chain model should provide organizations with a strategic and macro perspective to evaluate and manage various internet applications.

Originality/value

An important contribution of this study is that it empirically observed the evolution of the internet practices in business according to the value chain framework. There has been plenty of anecdotal evidence of changes in the way business utilizes the internet, but no study has empirically assessed these changes systematically based on a theoretical framework. The study provides a valuable theoretical framework for researchers to continuously accumulate knowledge on the use of the internet in business.
Causes influencing the effectiveness of the post‐implementation ERP system
Authors: Yu Chian‐Son
Published: February 2005

Purpose

This article aims to find a chain of causal relations affecting the operating effectiveness of the implemented enterprise resource planning (ERP) system instead of focusing on either the evaluation of software/vendors/consultants or critical successful factors (CSF) identification for ERP implementation, a course followed by the dominant ERP literature.

Design/methodology/approach

This article is a process‐oriented approach and aims to give a moving picture of how one step affects another step from pre‐implementation stage, to during‐implementation stage, and to post‐implementation stage.

Findings

A significant insight learned from this study is that end‐users across the organization must be educated from the onset of ERP implementation. Although education is a corner‐stone of ERP implementation, the user training is usually only emphasized and the courses are centered on computer/system operation rather than on understanding the ERP concept and spirit.

Originality/value

This article may be interesting to some academic researchers and practical managers, and hopefully can provide a link/step for advanced researches in exploring post‐implementation ERP.
Perceptions about the ISO 9000 (2000) quality system standard revision and its value: the Dutch experience
Authors: van der Wiele Ton , van Iwaarden Jos , Williams Roger , Dale Barrie
Published: February 2005

Purpose

To assess the relative value of the 2000 version of the ISO 9000 series of quality management system standards in comparison with the 1994 version.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 773 organisations in The Netherlands which have all been certified to the ISO 9000 standard were surveyed (a response rate of 21.4 per cent) and of these only 22 had not yet converted to the 2000 version of the standard.

Findings

Amongst the major findings is an overall positive perception of the value of the ISO 9000 (2000) quality system standard and a consistently higher appreciation of the 2000 version compared with the 1994 version.

Originality/value

Adds to the body of knowledge concerning the ISO 9000 series with particular focus on The Netherlands and the 2000 version of the standard.
Simulation of Gunn oscillations with a non‐parabolic hydrodynamical model based on the maximum entropy principle
Authors: Mascali Giovanni , Romano Vittorio
Published: February 2005

Purpose

On the basis of the maximum entropy principle, seeks to formulate a hydrodynamical model for electron transport in GaAs semiconductors, which is free of any fitting parameter.

Design/methodology/approach

The model considers the conduction band to be described by the Kane dispersion relation and includes both Γ and L valleys. Takes into account electron‐non‐polar optical phonon, electron‐polar optical phonon and electro‐acoustic phonon scattering.

Findings

The set of balance equation of the model forms a quasilinear hyperbolic system and for its numerical integration a recent high‐order shock‐capturing central differencing scheme has been employed.

Originality/value

Presents the results of simulations of n+ ‐n‐n+ GaAs diode and Gunn oscillator.
An application of SHEPWM technique in a cascade multilevel inverter
Authors: Tuncer Servet , Tatar Yetkin
Published: February 2005

Purpose

In this paper, a new application of the Selected Harmonic Elimination Pulse Width Modulation (SHEPWM) technique used in the cascade multilevel inverter topology which is formed by series connections of one‐phase bridge type inverters (H‐bridge) is introduced. The advantage of the SHEPWM technique is its ability to operate in low switching frequency that makes it suitable for high power applications.

Design/methodology/approach

First, the switching angles are calculated using constrained optimization technique. By using these switching angles, the fundamental harmonic can be controlled and the selected harmonics can be eliminated. Then, using these calculated switching angles, a set of equation is formed which calculate the switching angles with respect to the modulation index. The switching angles at any modulation index can be easily obtained by solving the equation set. In this study, this equation set has been solved online using dSPACE DS1103 controller board. Using this technique, three‐phase voltages have been obtained from a five‐level cascade inverter. These voltages are applied to an induction motor.

Findings

The simulation results are verified by the experimental results. The results show that selected harmonics can be eliminated and an ac voltage with variable amplitude and frequency can be obtained using the proposed technique.

Originality/value

This paper presents a new application of the (SHEPWM) technique for multilevel inverters.
Multifrontal method preconditioned GMRES‐FFT algorithm for fast analysis of microstrip circuits
Authors: Chen R.S. , Mo L. , Yung Edward K.N.
Published: February 2005

Purpose

Aims to apply the generalized minimal residual (GMRES) algorithm combined with the fast Fourier transform (FFT) technique to solve dense matrix equations from the mixed potential integral equation (MPIE) when the planar microstrip circuits are analyzed.

Design/methodology/approach

To enhance the computational efficiency of the GMRES‐FFT algorithm, the multifrontal method is first employed to precondition the matrix equations since their condition numbers can be improved.

Findings

The numerical calculations show that the proposed preconditioned GMRES‐FFT algorithm can converge nearly 30 times faster than the conventional one for the analysis of microstrip circuits. Some typical microstrip discontinuities are analyzed and the good results demonstrate the validity of the proposed algorithm.

Originality/value

In the future, some more efficient preconditioning techniques will be found for the mixed potential integral equation (MPIE) when the planar microstrip circuits are analyzed.
Speculative parallel processing applied to modelling of initial problems
Authors: Jordan Andrzej , Forenc Jarosław , Tudruj Marek
Published: February 2005

Purpose

To present a new parallel method for solving differential equations that describe transient states in physical systems.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed speculative method first solves a differential equation with a large integration step to determine initial data for parallel computations in sub‐intervals of time, then speculatively computes in parallel solutions in all the sub‐intervals with a smaller integration step and finally composes the final solution from the speculatively computed ones. The basic numerical method applied is the well‐known Runge‐Kutta algorithm.

Findings

The speculative method allows important reduction of the computation time of sequential algorithms. The speed‐up of the speculative method that we propose, as compared to the sequential execution, depends on the number of sub‐intervals that are defined inside the total analysed time interval. The speed‐up increases almost linearly with the number of sub‐intervals. The good accuracy of computations in the presented example was obtained.

Research limitations/implications

The proposed method can be applied to non‐linear systems without discontinuity points and to stable systems (i.e. systems insensitive to the selection of initial conditions).

Practical implications

The method can be especially applied for long‐lasting computations with a slow convergence of state variables values along with the decrease of integration steps.

Originality/value

The paper presents an original parallel method for solving differential equations, which significantly speeds up transient states analysis in physical systems.
Temperature distribution in aluminum billets heated by rotation in static magnetic field produced by superconducting magnets
Authors: Fabbri Massimo , Morandi Antonio , Negrini Francesco
Published: February 2005

Purpose

To investigate the feasibility of a novel scheme of high‐efficiency induction heater for nonmagnetic metal billets which use superconducting coils.

Design/methodology/approach

The idea is to force the billet to rotate in a static magnetic field produced by a DC superconducting magnet. Since a static superconducting magnet has no losses, the efficiency of the system is the efficiency of the motor used. In order to evaluate the temperature distribution arising from the field profile produced by a given SC coil configuration, a numerical model, based on an equivalent electric network with temperature‐dependent parameters, is developed.

Findings

A substantial independence of the shape of the temperature profile on the angular velocity and the value of the uniform magnetic field applied, is observed. A strong temperature gradient is observed in the radial direction in the proximity of the penetration front and in the axial direction at the top and bottom surface of the billet. Small temperature gradient was observed in the central part of the billet.

Research limitations/implications

The reported temperature profile is inadequate for an actual extrusion process which is desired to happen at a constant temperature. The appropriate profile along the billet length can be achieved by a suitable axial shaping of the magnetic field, through the optimization of the coil layout, whereas the undesired radial gradient can be reduced by interspacing the rotation with temperature smoothing intervals.

Practical implications

The investigation of the profile of applied magnetic field and the heating procedure which allow to achieve the distribution of temperature suitable for the extrusion process can be carried out by using the present model.

Originality/value

A high‐efficiency induction heater for nonmagnetic metal billets using superconducting coils in a novel scheme is investigated.
Stirring velocity effectiveness of two‐ and three‐phase EMS for small to medium cross section billets and blooms
Authors: Lavers J.D. , Tallbäck G.R. , Beitelman L.S.
Published: February 2005

Purpose

To use an experimentally calibrated turbulent flow model to determine whether two‐ and three‐phase electromagnetic stirrers provide equivalent stirring when continuously casting steel billets and blooms.

Design/methodology/approach

The results obtained in this paper were obtained by using a 3D quasistatic electromagnetic model to obtain the Lorentz forces that act on the liquid steel. A computationally efficient method was used to account for the effect of the conducting fluid motion on the forces. A 3D turbulent flow model that incorporated Reynolds stresses and high order upwinding was used to predict the fluid flow. The model has been calibrated using the experimental data.

Findings

The paper shows that for square and rectangular cross section casting moulds, having inside dimensions of 140 × 140 mm and 140 × 196 mm, respectively, a two‐phase electromagnetic stirrer consistently produces stirring velocities that are 12‐15 percent below those produced by an equivalent three‐phase design.

Research limitations/implications

The impact on the fluid entering the casting mould through the submerged nozzle has been neglected. The model should be further developed to consider this important factor.

Practical implications

A two‐phase stirrer is much more compact than the equivalent three‐phase design, and since space is at a premium in the vicinity of the casting mould, being able to use a compact design is desirable. The two‐phase design was long believed to produce inferior stirring due to the negative impact of electromagnetic space harmonics. This paper shows that for the range of mould dimensions considered in the paper, there is a good trade‐off between the compact two‐phase design and the slightly lower stirring velocities that result.

Originality/value

The paper presents the first quantitative comparison between two‐ and three‐phase electromagnetic stirrers that illustrates, in a practical sense, the stirring effectiveness of each approach. The paper will be of value to users of this equipment.
Simplifying serials sourcing
Authors: White Sonya , Eric Davies J.
Published: February 2005

Purpose

To describe work by the Library and Information Statistics Unit (LISU) based at Loughborough University to support decision making by managers in academic information and library services in the UK in the realm of providing access to scholarly information through serials.

Design/methodology/approach

A model was built against which to assess a series of propositions, or “deals”, from different publishers for electronic journals collections through the National Electronic Site Licence Initiative (NESLI). NESLI represented a fusion of the quantitative analysis of empirical data with the subjective assessment of a range of serials management factors and drew on the expertise and experience of LISU's team.

Findings

The results informed negotiations between NESLI and publishers and revealed useful insights into the cooperative acquisition of electronic journals. Particularly noteworthy is the inherent difficulty in purchasing electronic journals cooperatively, as the larger institutions involved usually were able to make the most of the various deals offered by publishers.

Originality/Value

Illustrates that assessing the value of separate deals is a complex matter involving not only fees, but institutional subject interests, existing serials holdings, user preferences, and available technology.
Flood Management: Bradford Paper
Authors: Roberts Vaughan
Published: February 2005

In February 1990 severe storms hit most of Britain, and in Towyn, a
seaside resort in North Wales – the effects were dramatic. The force of
the sea caused a breach in the sea defences which resulted in
large‐scale flooding affecting in the region of 2,400 properties and
causing in the biggest evacuation to take place in Britain since the
war. The disaster had not been anticipated by the local authority and no
one had experience of dealing with this scale of event. As with most
disasters, a large number of people were involved and scores of
organizations carried out a multitude of tasks under difficult
circumstances. Many of the problems were long‐term, especially those
dealing with stress and aftercare. Despite the complexity and scale of
the tasks the local authority, working with other organizations,
successfully dealt with this disaster. Addresses some of the many
problems faced at Towyn and examines the management systems and network
systems which evolved to deal with this event.
Working with communities to reduce levels of conflict: “spot
reconstruction”
Authors: Cuny F.C. , Tanner V.
Published: February 2005

Recent experience in many conflict areas has shown that
reconstruction and development assistance can be used to support peace
initiatives before a final resolution to conflict is achieved. In
itself, spot reconstruction will not bring about peace, but it can make
a contribution towards reducing the scope of the conflict and provide
much‐needed assistance to people who otherwise would be forced to leave
their homes in search of relief and public welfare. Attempts to define
spot reconstruction and outlines the key elements, prerequisites and
guidelines for decision making when considering a spot reconstruction
programme.
Problematical aspects of the information/ communication revolution for disaster planning and research: ten non‐technical issues and questions
Authors: Quarantelli E.L.
Published: February 2005

An information/communication revolution is being brought about by recent developments and innovations in computer and related technologies. Recognizes that many of the consequences will be very positive for all aspects of social life, but focuses on probable and possible negative effects of the currently accelerating cyberspace revolution. Discusses ten problematical aspects for disaster planning, management and research ranging, for example, from the creation of a new kind of disaster ‐ computer‐related system failures ‐ and the increased difficulties that will be generated for intra‐ and inter‐organizational communication and co‐ordination, to the problems that will come from an inevitable information overload and the diffusion of inappropriate or incorrect disaster relevant “facts” and “ideas”.
Using the web to look for work
Authors: Jansen Bernard J. , Jansen Karen J. , Spink Amanda
Published: February 2005

Purpose

The web is now a significant component of the recruitment and job search process. However, very little is known about how companies and job seekers use the web, and the ultimate effectiveness of this process. The specific research questions guiding this study are: how do people search for job‐related information on the web? How effective are these searches? And how likely are job seekers to find an appropriate job posting or application?

Design/methodology/approach

The data used to examine these questions come from job seekers submitting job‐related queries to a major web search engine at three points in time over a five‐year period.

Findings

Results indicate that individuals seeking job information generally submit only one query with several terms and over 45 percent of job‐seeking queries contain a specific location reference. Of the documents retrieved, findings suggest that only 52 percent are relevant and only 40 percent of job‐specific searches retrieve job postings.

Research limitations/implications

This study provides an important contribution to web research and online recruiting literature. The data come from actual web searches, providing a realistic glimpse into how job seekers are actually using the web.

Practical implications

The results of this research can assist organizations in seeking to use the web as part of their recruiting efforts, in designing corporate recruiting web sites, and in developing web systems to support job seeking and recruiting.

Originality/value

This research is one of the first studies to investigate job searching on the web using longitudinal real world data.
Security of the internet‐based instant messenger
Authors: Kim Sangkyun , Seong Leem Choon
Published: February 2005

Purpose

To identify controls that can harness the power and capabilities of instant messengers (IM) while minimizing potential security risks.

Design/methodology/approach

A risk analysis method and (CIS)2 model are used.

Findings

IM is a great tool for enterprise productivity. However, it has so many risks, but one could identify and control these risks with technical and managerial countermeasures.

Research limitations/implications

This paper fails to provide detailed and specific risks of commercial IMs, and the case study provided in this paper focuses on the technical rather than managerial issues.

Practical implications

A very helpful case study which provides general risks and controls of recent IMs for the security officers of various organizations.

Originality/value

This paper outlined the risks of IM and potential controls for securing public IM in the workplace.
The motivation to become an entrepreneur
Authors: Segal Gerry , Borgia Dan , Schoenfeld Jerry
Published: February 2005

Purpose

Since the 1950s, organizational psychology research investigating work‐related motivation has progressed from static content models to dynamic process models. Entrepreneurship research has evolved along a similar trajectory, adapting organizational psychology findings to better understand the motivation to become an entrepreneur. This paper reviews motivation research from both fields, explores some of the commonalities among current theories, and presents a new model of entrepreneurial motivation.

Design/methodology/approach

In an exploratory study, the ability of tolerance for risk, perceived feasibility, and perceived net desirability to predict intentions for self‐employment is examined in a sample of 114 undergraduate business students at Florida Gulf Coast University.

Findings

Results indicated that tolerance for risk, perceived feasibility and net desirability significantly predicted self‐employment intentions, with an adjusted R2 of 0.528.

Research limitations/implications

Because the sample consisted entirely of undergraduate business students, findings may not be generalizable to non‐student populations. This research did not examine the role of negative motivations, or “push” factors. The cross‐sectional rather than longitudinal design of the study raises the usual caveats regarding lack of causal evidence. Finally, a limitation of any survey research is the inability to ask follow‐up questions and explore in more depth the reasoning behind any finding. Future research including qualitative interviews and/or focus group sessions could therefore provide rich explanatory information that could add value to the survey data.

Practical implications

As a result of this research, educators, government officials, and others interested in stimulating entrepreneurial motivation should consider how their words and actions affect potential entrepreneurs’ perceptions of entrepreneurial feasibility and net desirability.

Originality/value

Although the model is original and unique, it is based on established theories and models. It provides a well‐supported explanation of the motivation to become an entrepreneur that will be useful to potential entrepreneurs and those who encourage and guide them.
Adoption of behaviour: predicting success for major innovations
Authors: Langley David J. , Pals Nico , Ortt J. Roland
Published: February 2005

Purpose

The goal of this article is to show that memetics is particularly useful to predict the adoption of major innovations.

Design/methodology/approach

Describes how TNO Telecom, an applied research institute in The Netherlands, adopted the theory of memetics to develop an instrument that predicts the adoption of major innovations. Explains and defines relevant aspects of this focus.

Findings

Initial results are encouraging and suggest that the approach may provide qualitatively better results than the existing methods when applied to major innovations.

Originality/value

Describes for the first time how the theory of memetics can be used to gain a real insight into the market adoption of major innovations as well as to focus and optimise product development.
Introducing economic and industrial understanding ‐ the primary school
Authors: Raven‐Hill David
Published: February 2005

Considers the history of Compacts, their differing natures, their range of objectives and factors which have determined their effectiveness. As funding for the Compact initiative is soon to be withdrawn this work tries to demonstrate their role and to ascertain what they offer in terms of: improving achievement, extending industrial understanding and support to pupils in transition from school to work or extended education. Examines the pattern of development nationally and pursues these issues by analysis of a case study involving Compact initiatives in one school in Kirklees in order to assess whether Compacts have a continuing and useful role to fulfil in the education system.
Information Revelation, Liquidity Shocks, the Volatility and the Level of Bond Spreads
Authors: Benczur Peter
Published: February 2005

Liquidity is often cited as an important component of asset prices, particularly for sovereign bonds. Relative to canonical explanations (asymmetric information, thin markets), this paper presents a different source of liquidity risk: in a Diamond–Dybvig type model, where agents face a liquidity shock (becoming more risk‐averse early consumers), the speed of public information revelation about default risk influences bond spreads. Under reasonable parameter values, accelerated information revelation may increase spreads by 50%. Depending on parameters, revealing information may increase or decrease not only the welfare of the issuer (the issue price), but also the expected utility of investors.
Histological and magnetic resonance analysis of sciatic nerves in the tellurium model of neuropathy
Authors: Pun Teresa W. C. , Odrobina Ewa , Xu Qing‐Gui , Lam Toby Y. J. , Munro Catherine A. , Midha Rajiv , Stanisz Greg J.
Published: February 2005

Abstract  Ingestion of tellurium (Te), a toxic element, produces paralysis of the hind limbs in weanling rats that is due to temporary, segmental demyelination of the sciatic nerves bilaterally. Weanling rats were fed a 1.1% elemental Te diet and sacrificed at various time points for histological and magnetic resonance (MR) analysis of the sciatic nerves. No controls exhibited impairments of the hind limbs, whereas Te‐treated animals became progressively impaired with increased Te exposure. Toluidine blue‐stained nerve sections of Te‐treated animals showed widened endoneurial spaces, disrupted myelin sheaths, swollen Schwann cells, and a few instances of axonal degeneration. Te decreased healthy myelin by 68% and increased percent extracellular matrix by 45% on day 7. MR experiments showed a decrease in the area of the short T2 component, an increase in average T1, and an increase in the position of the intermediate T2 component in Te‐treated nerves. The correlation coefficient for healthy myelin and average T1 was 0.88 and that for healthy myelin and the area underneath the short T2 component was 0.77. The area of the short T2 component has been postulated as the best measure of the process of demyelination.
Methionine and threonine synthesis are limited by homoserine availability and not the activity of homoserine kinase in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Lee Minsang , Martin Melinda N. , Hudson Andre’ O. , Lee Jiyeon , Muhitch Michael J. , Leustek Thomas
Published: February 2005

Homoserine kinase (HSK) produces O‐phospho‐l‐homoserine (HserP) used by cystathionine γ‐synthase (CGS) for Met synthesis and threonine synthase (TS) for Thr synthesis. The effects of overexpressing Arabidopsis thaliana HSK, CGS, and Escherichia coli TS (eTS), each controlled by the 35S promoter, were compared. The results indicate that in Arabidopsis Hser supply is the major factor limiting the synthesis of HserP, Met and Thr. HSK is not limiting and CGS or TS control the partitioning of HserP. HSK overexpression had no effect on the level of soluble HserP, Met or Thr, however, when treated with Hser these plants produced far more HserP than wild type. Met and Thr also accumulated markedly after Hser treatment but the increase was similar in HSK overexpressing and wild‐type plants. CGS overexpression was previously shown to increase Met content, but had no effect on Thr. After Hser treatment Met accumulation increased in CGS‐overexpressing plants compared with wild type, whereas HserP declined and Thr was unaffected. Arabidopsis responded differentially to eTS expression depending on the level of the enzyme. At the highest eTS level the Thr content was not increased, but the phenotype was negatively affected and the T1 plants died before reproducing. Comparatively low eTS did not affect phenotype or Thr/Met level, however after Hser treatment HserP and Met accumulation were reduced compared with wild type and Thr was increased slightly. At intermediate eTS activity seedling growth was retarded unless Met was supplied and CGS expression was induced, indicating that eTS limited HserP availability for Met synthesis.
Ethylene‐binding activity, gene expression levels, and receptor system output for ethylene receptor family members from Arabidopsis and tomato†
Authors: O'Malley Ronan C. , Rodriguez Fernando I. , Esch Jeffrey J. , Binder Brad M. , O'Donnell Philip , Klee Harry J. , Bleecker Anthony B.
Published: February 2005

Ethylene signaling in plants is mediated by a family of ethylene receptors related to bacterial two‐component regulators. Expression in yeast of ethylene‐binding domains from the five receptor isoforms from Arabidopsis thaliana and five‐receptor isoforms from tomato confirmed that all members of the family are capable of high‐affinity ethylene‐binding activity. All receptor isoforms displayed a similar level of ethylene binding on a per unit protein basis, while members of both subfamily I and subfamily II from Arabidopsis showed similar slow‐release kinetics for ethylene. Quantification of receptor‐isoform mRNA levels in receptor‐deficient Arabidopsis lines indicated a direct correlation between total message level and total ethylene‐binding activity in planta. Increased expression of remaining receptor isoforms in receptor‐deficient lines tended to compensate for missing receptors at the level of mRNA expression and ethylene‐binding activity, but not at the level of receptor signaling, consistent with specialized roles for family members in receptor signal output.