bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, identification and antimicrobial activity of thiazolidine-4-one and imidazolidine-4-one derived from 4,4-Methylenedianiline
Authors: Khalaf Mohamed Hussin , Rasheed Malath Khalaf
Published: May 2022

Schiff bases (M1 - M5) were produced by reacting 4,4-Methylenedianiline (MDA) with a variety of aldehydes by microwave method. Thiazolidine-4-one compounds (M6 - M10) were prepared from the reaction of the prepared Schiff bases with thioglycolic acid in equal molar ratios. Oxazolidines-4-on (M11 - M15) were prepared from Schiff bases with glycolic acids. The prepared compounds were diagnosed by spectrometric methods (FT-IR, 1H-NMR). The biological activity was tested against two types of bacteria Staphylococcus aureus + GIVe and Klebsiella pneumoniae – GIVe and compared with ciprofloxacin drug. The results proved that the prepared compounds are effective against these bacteria.
Programmed teaching attempted by means of an experiment
Authors: Hehanussa Salomi Jacomina , Madjid Syahriah , Ernayani Rihfenti , Hubur Aa , Chauhan Rahul
Published: May 2022

In Indonesia, there have been many attempts to educate the nation. Efforts like that make it possible to serve the rights of the people who serve independence. Among other things, the right to get learning opportunities, as can be found in article 31 of the 1945 Constitution. If the Constitution states that such a right is the property of every citizen, this means that teaching must be equitable to all people. Equitable teaching broadly must pay attention to issues such as geographic size, equal distribution of quality, simultaneous presentation methods, and so on. Thus the effort to equalize education is something that needs to be supported not only by good faith, but also by intensive research and other concrete efforts.
Comparison of proteolytic enzymes vs corticosteroids in preventing postoperative sequelae in mandibular third surgery
Authors: Menon Vivek D. , Muthusekhar M. R.
Published: May 2022

Third molar removal is the most frequently done procedure. Pain, swelling, trismus, alveolar osteitis are the most common postoperative complications. Few authors have used certain drugs like corticosteroids and proteolytic enzymes in order to reduce the postoperative complications.The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate in an evidence based way, the effectiveness of oral proteolytic enzymes and corticosteroids in controlling postoperative complications following mandibular third molar surgery. The objective of this systematic review is to compare the effectiveness of oral proteolytic enzymes and corticosteroids in preventing postoperative sequelae following mandibular third molar surgery. The Databases of PubMed, Cochrane and Google scholar were searched for the related topics along with a complimentary manual search of all oral surgery journals till December 2020. Four articles were selected based on the inclusion criteria. One among the four clinical trials comparing oral proteolytic enzymes and corticosteroids, they show significant differences proving post-operative swelling and trismus are less in patients receiving oral proteolytic enzymes compared to corticosteroids. In the other three trials patients receiving corticosteroids showed decreased post-operative swelling compared to oral proteolytic enzymes.
Keunikkan Sanad Dato’ Haji Mohd Nor bin Haji Ibrahim
Authors: Mohd Hasbie al-Shiddieque Ahmad
Published: May 2022

Kesinambungan sanad dalam mempelajari al-Quran di antara guru dengan murid dan diteruskan kepada generasi ke generasi merupakan satu tradisi di kalangan pencinta ilmu. Kesinambungan sesuatu sanad al-Quran dapat dikenalpasti dengan menjalani beberapa proses penerimaan sanad al-Quran seperti al-Ard dan al-Sama’ yang telah diamalkan oleh Nabi Muhammad SAW. Dato’ Haji Mohd Nor bin Haji Ibrahim telah menjalankan proses penerimaan sanad al-Quran bersama gurunya Sheikh Ahmad Ḥāmid al-Tījī. Namun demikian, sanad Dato’ Haji Mohd Nor bin Haji Ibrahim tidak pernah dibincang secara ilmiah. Kajian ini menfokuskan kepada keunikkan sanad Dato’ Haji Mohd Nor bin Haji Ibrahim dan menjelaskan ketokohan gurunya iaitu Sheikh Ahmad Ḥāmid al-Tījī dalam pengajian al-Quran. Kajian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan menjadikan kaedah temubual sebagai instrumen kajian. Manakala perisian yang digunakan bagi mengalisis temubual menggunakan perisian Nvivo 12. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa sanad Dato’ Haji Mohd Nor bin Ibrahim merupakan sanad tertinggi yang perolehi dari gurunya Sheikh Ahmad Ḥāmid al-Tījī dengan bacaan Qirā’āt ‘Āṣyar al-Kubra.
Il presunto diritto alla mono-genitorialità e le scelte etiche di inizio-vita
Authors: Freni Fortunato
Published: May 2022

SOMMARIO: 1. La legge n. 40 sulla procreazione medicalmente assistita (pma) dopo gli interventi giurisprudenziali - 2. La pma per i singles e il presunto diritto alla mono-genitorialità - 3. Le scelte etiche del procreare di fronte ai nuovi ritrovati tecnologici - 4. La mediazione del (bio-)diritto laico.

The alleged right to single parenthood and the ethical choices of beginning-life

ABSTRACT: This contribution, taking its cue from requests for jurisprudential recognition of an alleged right to single parenthood, analyzes the phenomenon of pma for singles in the light of the different ethical conceptions of procreation, reaching the conclusion that the law 40 on pma should be entirely rewritten through a normative intervention oriented in the sense of a secular mediation, within the framework of the pluralism of ethical-religious conceptions present in society, which knows how to combine the right of self-determination with the duty of solidarity.
Qūnawī: the disciple son
Authors: Spallino Patrizia
Published: May 2022

Abū al-Ma’ālī Sadr al-Dīn Muhammad b. Ishāq al-Qūnawī nacque probabilmente a Konya nel 605/1209 e morì nel 673/1274. L’influenza che Ibn al-’Arabī esercitò su Qūnawī fu decisiva e lo shaykh al-akbar riservò questa questa particolare formazione esclusivamente a lui, forse proprio perché il compito del suo erede spirituale e interprete era già stato “ previsto”.In questo intervento tracceremo uno dei punti fondamentali del pensiero di Qūnawī, basandoci sulla prima epistola del carteggio che si concentra proprio sulla questione del rapporto tra conoscenza filosofica e illuminazione divina, questione che si ritrova nell’opera del nostro sufi e che lo contraddistingue all’interno del pensiero sufi in generale, collocandolo nella scuola ibnarabiana.

Abū al-Ma‘ālī Sadr al-Dīn Muhammad b. Ishāq al-Qūnawī was born probably in Konya in 605/1209 and died in 673/1274. The influence that Ibn al-‘Arabī exerted on Qūnawī was decisive and the shaykh al-akbar reserved this intense education and this particular training exclusively for him, perhaps precisely because the task of his spiritual heir and interpreter had already been “foreseen”.In this intervention we will trace one of the fundamental points of Qūnawī’s thought, relying on the first epistle of the correspondence that focuses precisely on the question of the relationship between philosophical knowledge and divine illumination, a question that is found throughout the work of our Sufi and that it distinguishes it within Sufi thought in general, placing it within the Ibnarabian school.
NATURAL CASTS OF ENTOBIA FROM THE LATE CAENOZOIC OF SICILY
Authors: GARILLI VITTORIO , DÁVID ÁRPÁD , DOMINICI STEFANO
Published: May 2022

As with other ichnofossils, the study of the ichogenus Entobia Bronn, 1837, attributed to the activity of boring sponges, is useful to understand taphonomic processes and reconstruct paleoenvironments. Here we delineate a diverse Entobia assemblage from Sicily, the first described from this Mediterranean island, based on the discovery of well-preserved natural casts. The studied association is represented by seven ichnotaxa, Entobia cateniformis, E. cateniformis form A, E. geometrica, E. laquea, E. ?megastoma, E. ovula, E. ?paradoxa, which come from the late Caenozoic sites of Altavilla Milicia and Sferracavallo, in north-western Sicily. Aragonitic bivalves, mostly veneroids, served as substrate for the boring organisms responsible of producing these ichnotaxa. Entobia was also found associated with natural casts of the boring Caulostrepsis taeniola, produced by polychaetes. Ichnology and shell-bed taphonomy indicates that investigated deposits formed in conditions of low rate of sedimentation; post depositional processes involved chemical conditions favorable to the preservation of calcite shells.
PALAEONTOLOGY OF THE UPPER PLIOCENE MARINE DEPOSITS OF RIO VACCARUZZA, VILLALVERNIA (PIEDMONT, NW ITALY)
Authors: PAVIA GIULIO , DULAI ALFRÉD , FESTA ANDREA , GENNARI ROCCO , PAVIA MARCO , CARNEVALE GIORGIO
Published: May 2022

Abstract. The topmost Argille Azzurre (beds 1-2) and the basal Sabbie di Asti (beds 3-9) formations in the Villalvernia area are analysed in terms of palaeoecological and taxonomic features; the succession is 6 m thick and dates back to the middle Piacenzian within the Globorotalia bononiensis acme. The upper boundary of the clayey Bed 2 corresponds to an unconformity reflecting Pliocene tectonic activity. The study is focused on the fossil assemblages of beds 3, 4 and 9. The sandy Bed 3 yields 362 mollusc taxa; their assemblage is allochthonous and mixes infra- to circalittoral species accumulated by hyperpycnal mass-transport. The same mechanism is responsible for the origin of the overlying fossil unit (Bed 4) with numerous specimens of the Entobia-Gastrochaenolites ichnofacies. The autochthonous fossil assemblage of Bed 9 yields 308 molluscs, plus three brachiopods and ten fish taxa; most of them refer to the Posidonia meadow (HP), and their autochthony is shown by taphonomic features as skeletal integrity, mixing of successive generations or the limitation to juvenile ontogenetic stages of vagile and temporarily byssate species for which the HP performs a nursery function. Three brachiopods and 52 molluscs are here reported for the first time from the Pliocene of Piedmont. In the final chapter “Systematic Palaeontology” four brachiopods and 29 molluscs are described, among which there are eight new gastropod species: Crepidula bellardii n. sp., Conus dellabellai n. sp., Conus villalvernensis n. sp., Odetta chirlii n. sp., Ondina curta n. sp., Ondina elongata n. sp., Ondina pseudovitrea n. sp., Anisocycla subcylindrica n. sp.
MARINE LIFE IN THE MEDITERRANEAN DURING THE MESSINIAN SALINITY CRISIS: A PALEOICHTHYOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: CARNEVALE GIORGIO , SCHWARZHANS WERNER
Published: May 2022

Almost fifty years after the first definition of the Messinian salinity crisis (MSC), the events that occurred in the Mediterranean during the terminal portion of the Miocene still attract the attention of a large and diverse scientific community. Although fossils are relatively common in the deposits that accumulated during the MSC, their significance for the interpretation of the latest Miocene paleoenvironmental evolution of the Mediterranean has been underevalued. In this paper, we summarize the marine paleoichthyological record of the three stages of the MSC based on both articulated and isolated skeletal remains and otoliths, the latter almost exclusively known from the Lago-Mare phase. We focus on the composition of the marine ichthyofauna of the Mediterranean during the three main stages of the MSC, showing the persistent continuity of marine stenohaline taxa throughout most of the interval between 5.97 and 5.33 Ma. While the record of articulated fish skeletons is unquestionably autochthonous, thereby providing unambiguous evidence of the occurrence of open marine environments in the MSC preceding the Lago-Mare phase, the autochthonous nature of the otolith record has often been questioned. For this reason, the otolith record of marine fishes has been examined in detail from a taxonomic and paleoecological point of view. Three species, Bellottia verecunda n. sp., Benthosema taurinense n. sp., and Bostrychus marsilii n. sp., are described as new and a thorough discussion about the possible origin of the otoliths is provided. Alternative explanations for the occurrence of otoliths of marine fish during the Lago-Mare phase, such as reworking, contamination from overlying Pliocene sediments or import from outside the Mediterranean through aquatic birds are considered unlikely. In our assessment, the occurrence of marine fish otoliths in the Lago-Mare phase can be explained with the presence of normal marine environments in the Mediterranean, at least temporarily. Therefore, we suggest that the paleoichthyological data provided herein should be integrated in the future evolutionary paleoenvironmental reconstructions of the MSC.
On the identity of Zeuxine Goodyeroides Lindl. and Zeuxine Nervosa (Wall. ex Lindl.) Trimen
Authors: Bhattacharjee Avishek , Chowdhery H.
Published: May 2022

Zeuxine goodyeroides and Z. nervosa are two closely related but distinct species of terrestrial orchid. Despite having significant distinguishing characters, these have been misidentified and wrongly reported in some recent works. The present paper deals with the correct identity of these species.
Fimbristylis Aestivalis Var. Major and Fimbristylis Dichotoma ssp. Glauca (Cyperaceae), new distributional records for Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Veeranjaneyulu Dasari , Rao Boyina
Published: May 2022

Two sedge taxa, Fimbristylis aestivalis Vahl var. major Trimen and Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl ssp. glauca (Vahl) T. Koyama have been reported as new distributional records for the state of Andhra Pradesh. Brief description, phenology, distributional pattern and illustrations of the taxa are provided.
An Innovative Additive Mathematical Model Using Auxiliary Information
Authors:   Department of Mathematical Science, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Jammu and Kashmir, India, Tarray Tanveer A. ,   Department of Mathematical Science, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Jammu and Kashmir, India,   Department of Mathematical Science, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Jammu and Kashmir, India, Dar Javid Gani , Ahmad Ishfaq S.
Published: May 2022

This article proposes innovative ratio and regression estimators based on additive randomized response model. Expressions for the biases and mean squared errors of the recommended estimators are derived. It has been revealed that the advised groundbreaking ratio and regression estimators are improved than ratio and regression estimators under a very realistic condition. Numerical illustrations and simulation study are also given in support of the present study.
The Impact of the Flipped Classroom Teaching Model on EFL Learners’ Language Learning: Positive Changes in Learning Attitudes, Perceptions and Performance
Authors: Li Fang
Published: May 2022

Instruction in English as a foreign language (EFL) learning is a priority around the globe, but instructional methodologies have not always kept pace with the changing needs of learners. The traditional teacher-centered EFL classroom teaching model can no longer meet the needs of college EFL learners to strengthen and improve their language ability. For years, the flipped classroom teaching model has been widely recognized as an innovative and effective instructional method by language educators. Based upon the analysis of the current EFL teaching and learning situation and the flipped classroom teaching model, the author took two Artificial Intelligent classes from a Chinese public college as the participants in the experiment to explore the impact of the flipped classroom teaching model on their language learning. One Artificial Intelligent class, the Experimental Group (EG), adopted the flipped classroom teaching model in EFL class, and the other Artificial Intelligent class, the Control Group (CG), adopted the traditional teacher-centered method in EFL class. After the survey, implementation of different teaching models, pre-test and post-test comparison, learning time changing curve analysis, and analysis of learners’ acceptance of the new model, the study aims to find out the impact of the flipped classroom teaching model on college EFL learners’ language learning attitudes, perceptions and performance, providing some references for college EFL educators on their EFL teaching to a certain extent.
Origanum vulgare extract as a natural additive in fresh cheese
Authors:   Universidade Paranaense, Santos Isabela Carvalho dos , Favetta Paula Montanhini ,   Universidade Paranaense, Silva Geisiele Gomes da ,   Universidade Paranaense, Legnani Nathália Gomes Eko ,   Universidade Paranaense, Jacomassi Ezilda ,   Universidade Paranaense, Soares Andréia Assunção ,   Universidade Paranaense, Otutumi Luciana Kazue ,   Universidade Paranaense, Germano Ricardo de Melo ,   Universidade Paranaense, Gonçalves Daniela Dib ,   Universidade Paranaense, Barbosa Lidiane Nunes ,   Universidade Paranaense
Published: May 2022

Oregano (Origanum vulgare) is a spice that has in its extracts and essential oils biological activities of interest, such as antimicrobial and antioxidant. These qualities are in line with the increased interest in natural alternatives for preserving foods such as fresh cheese due to its short shelf life. The objective of this research was to evaluate the acceptance, antibacterial and antioxidant activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of O. vulgare incorporated in fresh cheese during cold storage. For this, cheeses were produced with different concentrations of extract (0, 0.5, 1 and 3 g of extract/kg). Acceptance was assessed using a nine-point hedonic scale. The presence of Salmonella was investigated and the enumeration of coagulasepositive staphylococci, mesophilic, psychrotrophic and thermotolerant coliforms was performed in the samples. The antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro (DPPH and FRAP assays) and directly in the food (measuring the malondialdehyde content). The data revealed a good acceptance of all cheeses regardless of the oregano concentration (mean 7.0 to 7.7). The addition of 0.3 g of oregano extract/kg of cheese promoted the inhibition of thermotolerant coliforms during the storage period. Antioxidant activity was demonstrated in vitro but not verified in the cheese. Foods have a complex composition, and the concentration and proportion of different constituents may have influenced the biological actions of the extract. Thus, further research becomes necessary, with variation in storage time and concentrations to know the action of this extract directly in the food model.
Preservation of cv. Jubileu peaches in a conventional cold storage system under a dynamic controlled atmosphere
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Goulart Carolina , Cantillano Rufino Fernando Flores ,   Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Aguiar Gabriel Almeida ,   Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Kirinus Marines Batalha Moreno ,   Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Mello-Farias Paulo Celso de ,   Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Malgarim Marcelo Barbosa ,   Universidade Federal de Pelotas
Published: May 2022

The peach tree (Prunus persica) has a considerable global economic impact because its fruits are consumed worldwide. As climacteric fruits, peaches ripen after harvest and are also highly perishable postharvest. The aim of this study was to investigate alternatives for extending storage time and preventing a decline in quality in peaches using conventional cold storage (CS) compared with controlled atmosphere (CA) and ultralow oxygen (ULO) systems. A completely randomized design was used, with a 3 x 6 factorial scheme (3 storage systems x 6 storage times), thirteen parameters assessed by analysis of variances and significance by Tukey’s test and regression. Total soluble solids (TSS) varied from 12.72 to 16.07ºBrix, titratable acidity (TA) declined during storage and pH varied significantly among the systems used from 40 days of storage onwards. The best TSS/TA ratio was obtained under ULO after 40 days, while firmness and weight loss declined in CA and ULO, contrasting with the brightly colored pulp. Reducing and non-reducing sugars decreased under CA and ULO at 30 and 40 days of storage, whereas phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity remained similar in these systems at 30, 40 and 50 days. Carotenoids remained stable for up to 40 days in ULO.CA and ULO maintained the best physical and chemical quality parameters, both systems being the most recommended. The phytochemical compounds analyzed in this study changed little during storage in the systems analyzed.
SABER-Bupivacaine Reduces Postoperative Pain and Opioid Consumption After Arthroscopic Subacromial Decompression: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Ekelund Anders , Peredistijs Andrejs , Grohs Josef , Meisner Jon , Verity Neil , Rasmussen Sten
Published: May 2022

Introduction:

Shoulder arthroscopy can result in substantial postoperative pain. Sucrose acetate isobutyrate extended-release bupivacaine (SABER-Bupivacaine; trade name Posimir) is a novel depot formulation of bupivacaine designed to provide analgesia at the surgical site for up to 72 hours. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of SABER-Bupivacaine on pain and opioid consumption after arthroscopic subacromial decompression and to assess short-term and long-term safety.

Methods:

In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 78 subjects were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to SABER-Bupivacaine 5 mL or SABER-placebo 5 mL injected into the subacromial space just before skin closure. Twenty-nine additional subjects were randomized on an exploratory basis to bupivacaine hydrochloride 20 mL, also injected subacromially. Subjects rated pain intensity on a 0 to 10 scale over the first 3 postoperative days and received intravenous or oral morphine for breakthrough pain. The coprimary efficacy end points were pain intensity on 90° shoulder flexion and cumulative morphine intake from 0 to 72 hours after surgery. The time to first use of opioid rescue analgesia was a secondary end point.

Results:

The mean (SD) pain intensity was 5.16 (1.94) for SABER-Bupivacaine and 6.43 (1.77) for placebo (P = 0.012). The median consumption of intravenous morphine equivalents was 4.0 mg for SABER-Bupivacaine and 12.0 mg for placebo (P = 0.010). The median time to first use of morphine rescue was 12.4 hours for SABER-Bupivacaine and 1.2 hours for placebo (P = 0.014). The corresponding values for bupivacaine hydrochloride were 5.16 (2.38), 8.0 mg, and 1.4 hours. The incidence and severity of treatment-emergent adverse events were similar for all treatment groups, and no functional or radiographic differences were noted at the 6-month follow-up.

Discussion:

Compared with placebo, SABER-Bupivacaine reduced pain and opioid analgesic consumption over 72 hours after arthroscopic subacromial decompression and prolonged the time to first use of opioid rescue analgesia. No safety signals were noted during the immediate postoperative period or at 6-month follow-up.
An Unusual Chordoma of the Odontoid Process: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Pongmanee Suthipas , Sarasombath Peem , Rojdumrongrattana Borvornsake , Liawrungrueang Wongthawat
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study is to present a rare case of chordoma in the odontoid process in which the tumor involved the odontoid process and compressed the spinal cord at the craniocervical junction. We report on the effectiveness and successful outcome of anterior microscopic tumor resection combined with posterior occipitocervical fixation and review the current standard treatment. A 39-year-old man presented with sudden dyspnea and quadriparesis caused by an unknown tumor compression at C2. Radiographic examination revealed a large destructive mass at C2 and heterogeneous enhancement. The patient received urgent surgical intervention by microscopic-assisted anterior tumor resection and posterior spinal fixation from the occiput to the C5 level. The pathohistologic reports for cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen, and S-100 protein were positive. The final diagnosis was chordoma of the odontoid process. At the 2-year follow-up, the patient's condition had improved, and a postoperative MRI showed no indication of tumor regrowth. Chordoma of the odontoid process or C2 body is very rare. The current standard management is wide tumor resection to prevent recurrence. The combined approach of anterior tumor resection with microscopic assistance and posterior stabilization of the occiput to C5 is the optimal treatment for this condition.
Theology of the Crown of Thorns for the Outcast and Paul’s Thorn in the Flesh in Second Corinthians 12:7
Authors: HIRAMATSU Kei
Published: May 2022

Do liberation hermeneutics and traditional historical-grammatical hermeneutics intersect in their reading of the text? In this article, I have chosen Paul’s thorn in the flesh in 2 Cor 12:7-10 as a test case to examine how a particular reading of liberation theology from Asian liberation theologian Teruo Kuribayashi intersects with the traditional exegesis. Thus, I will first describe Kuribayashi’s theology of the crown of thorns and then I will evaluate his interpretation in light of a careful exegesis of Paul’s symbolic use of the thorn in the flesh in 2 Corinthians. The purpose of the article is to appreciate the hermeneutical heritages of both the Western and the non-Western traditions and to call for a holistic interpretation of the biblical text. Incidentally, this article asks whether the source of our interpretation comes from the biblical text, the reality of interpreters, or both.
Адсорбция пероксида водорода на двумерных халькогенидах переходных металлов
Authors:   Ереванский государственный университет, Ереван, Армения, Агамалян М. A. , Арутюнян В. М. ,   Ереванский государственный университет, Ереван, Армения, Мамасахлисов Е. Ш․ ,   Ереванский государственный университет, Ереван, Армения, Суханова Е. В. ,   Институт биохимической физики им. Н.М. Эмануэля РАН, Москва, Россия, Квашнин А. Г. ,   Сколковский институт науки и технологий, Москва, Россия, Попов З. И. ,   Институт биохимической физики им. Н.М. Эмануэля РАН, Москва, Россия, Захарян А. А.
Published: May 2022

Двумерные халькогениды переходных металлов являются многообещающими материалами для газовых сенсоров. В данной работе мы исследуем и сравниваем активность гексагональных (MX2-H), триклинных (MX2-T') и нестехиометрических M2X3 (где M=Mo, W и X=S, Se) двумерных халькогенидов металлов в присутствии молекулы H2O2, с использованием методов первых принципов. Перенос заряда, энергии адсорбции, и функция локализации электронов были рассчитаны для различных адсорбционных структур. В результате было показано, что при адсорбции H2O2 в основном происходит физическая адсорбция. Самые низкие энергии адсорбции наблюдались в материалах MoS2-T', WSe2-T' и W2Se3, что свидетельствует о том, что они могут быть более эффективными в газочувствительных приложениях.
AWARENESS AND ATTITUDE REGARDING OBSTETRIC FISTULA AMONG MARRIED WOMEN
Authors: Dahal Babita Devi , Shakya Jayalaxmi
Published: May 2022

Background: Awareness towards the maternal condition has great potential to reduce occur­rence of life threatening maternal and child illness. Hence, this study aimed to find out the awareness and attitude regarding obstetric fistula among married women.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was used to find out the awareness and attitude re­garding obstetric fistula among 206 married women. Data were collected by using semi structured interview schedule and Likert Scale. Analysis was done by using descriptive statistics.
Results: The age range of the respondents was 15-79 years. Among literate 163, 34.4% attended general education, 75% were married at the age of 15-19 years, 50% had their first baby at the age of 15-19 years, 65.0 % had 1-3 babies, 66.0% had home delivery and postnatal visit was 9.5%. In this study 0.9% respondents were found with obstetric fistula and 60.2% had low level of aware­ness. Regarding the level of attitude, 50.0% had positive attitude.
Conclusions: The finding concluded that there is low level of awareness and fifty percentages had negative attitude regarding obstetric fistula among married women so there is need of interventional awareness program in community.
PREVALENCE OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS AMONG NEPALESE POPULATION
Authors: Shivhare Peeyush , Singh Vivek , Giri Ritesh , Singh Ankur , Penumatcha Mohan Raju , Taparia Nidhi , Sabah Nurus
Published: May 2022

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) comprise of a variety of clinical signs and symptoms such as joint sounds, muscle tenderness, joint tenderness, deviation, deflection, pain on mouth opening, protrusive, lateral movement and limited mouth opening which can be the result of trauma, stress, gum chewing, hard food biting habits, bruxism, long dental appointment. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in Nepalese population in Eastern Nepal.

Methods: The study was performed from May 2018 to Oct 2018. All the patients who came to the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital (NMCTH) and health camps in Eastern part of Nepal were included. The self-administered questions were asked to the subjects about demographic data, different signs and symptoms of TMDs and etiological factors responsible to it.

Results: More than two thirds of the study sample (83.96%) in the present study had one or more clinical signs and symptoms of TMDs. Deviation of mandible on mouth opening and clicking sound made up the highest percentage. Females were reported to have significantly higher prevalence of TMDs signs and symptoms than male. Disc displacement was the most prevalent disorder followed by myofascial pain and degenerative joint disorder.

Conclusion: The results of this study show that a significant percentage of the population has signs and symptoms of TMDs. Measures should be taken to prevent and treat TMDs in this part of the world.
COMBINED SPINAL EPIDURAL ANAESTHESIA VERSUS EPIDURAL ANAESTHESIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Shrestha Pramesh Sunder , Shrestha Ninadini , Shrestha Anil , Amatya Roshana , Shakya Bigen Man , Karki Bipin
Published: May 2022

Background: Regional anaesthesia are widely utilized in surgical gynaecology practice. The Com­bined Spinal Epidural Anaesthesia (CSEA) technique and Continuous epidural anaesthesia both have been extensively used in elective gynaecological surgeries. This prospective cross-sectional comparative study was designed to compare the quality of anaesthesia between CSEA and Epi­dural anaesthesia.

Methods: Sixty-four patients between age group 15- 65 years of ASA grade I, II were randomly di­vided into 2 groups. Group A patients received CSEA using “double needle double interspace tech­nique” and were given 2.5 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine for spinal block. Group B patients received epidural block with catheter using 10 ml of 0.5% plain bupivacaine. In all patients, subse­quent dosage of 2 ml per unblocked segment 0.5% plain bupivacaine was administered through the epidural catheter to achieve a block up to T4-5. Mean was calculated using t-test, median with Mann Whitney U test and Chi-square test where appropriate and the Statistical Analysis was done using SPSS program, version 11.0.

Results: The surgical anaesthesia and motor blockade occurred significantly early in CSEA group. Duration of analgesia was significantly shorter in CSEA (84.1±40.6 min) as compared to epidural group (138.6±32.9 min). The total amount of bupivacaine required to attain the same target level was two times in epidural group (p<0.05). Haemodynamic changes were comparable in both the groups. No neurological side effects were observed.

Conclusions: Sequential CSEA is superior alternative to epidural block, which combines the advan­tages of spinal and epidural while minimizing their drawbacks in elective gynaecological surgeries.
MEASUREMENT OF CEPHALIC AND FACIAL INDICES AMONG STUDENTS OF KUSMS
Authors: Mansur Dil Islam , Maskey Sunima , Shrestha Pragya , Shrestha Anupama , Sharma Kalpana , Yadav Avinay
Published: May 2022

Background: The description of the human face has been a major concern since long time. Indi­vidual identification is one such field where anthropometric parameters, especially cephalo-facial measurements, are an important tool in determining the various shapes of head and face. Hence the objective of the study was to determine the shapes of head and face.

Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional and observational type which consisted of 222 individuals (115 female and 107 male). It was conducted from January to June, 2019 after receiving ethical approval. The cephalic and facial indices were derived after measuring length and breadth of head and face. The collected data was entered in excel and analyzed with SPSS (22.0).

Results: The present study observed that the most common type of face was hyperleptoprosopic 168 (75.68%) followed by leptoprosopic 43 (19.37%), mesoprosopic 10 (4.50% female only) and euryprosopic 1 (0.93% male only). Similarly, the most common type of head was dolicocephalic 165 (74.33%), followed by mesocephalic 51 (22.97%), and brachycephalic 6 (2.70%).

Conclusions: This study concluded that the hyperleptoprosopic face was most common type and the least common type was euryprosopic face. The most common type of head was found to be dolicocephalic and the least common type was found to be brachycephalic.
ESTIMATION OF SALIVARY pH, BUFFERING CAPACITY, FLOW RATE, CARIES PREVALENCE AND ORAL MANIFESTATION IN CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE PATIENTS UNDERGOING DIALYSIS
Authors: Ojha Bidhata , Baral Radha , Bajracharya Dipshikha
Published: May 2022

Background: Renal failure is a process that expresses a loss of functional capacity of the nephrons, independently of its etiology. Although acute renal failure is reversible in the majority of cases, chronic renal failure presents a progressive course towards terminal renal failure. Hemodialysis is the most widely used technique leading to systemic alterations, oral complications and variations in the flow and composition of the saliva. The purpose of this study was to estimate salivary pH, buffering capacity, flow rate in chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis with its oral manifestation and caries prevalence.

Methods: Saliva samples were collected from 40 patients with chronic renal failure undergoing dialysis and 40 healthy subjects after taking the informed consent. Saliva samples were then taken to the lab for processing. Salivary pH, buffering capacity and flow rate was estimated. DMFT was calculated. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 23.

Results: A statistically significant rise in salivary pH, buffering capacity with decrease in flow rate was noted in chronic renal failure patients undergoing dialysis compared to controls. Furthermore, decrease in DMFT value was noted in CRF group despite of poor oral hygiene of the patient. We could also observe different oral manifestations in CRF group among which uremic fetor being the commonest.

Conclusions: Our report suggest that saliva is noninvasive tool which act as an adjunct in diagnos­ing oral lesions and manifestations in CRF patients whose oral hygiene is often neglected with their reluctance in long term dental appointment in the middle of regular hemodialysis schedule.
RELATION OF WAIST HIP RATIO AND BMI WITH THE VITAL CAPACITY
Authors: Karmacharya Poonam , Shrestha Gopi Lal , Singh Surjit , Shrestha Om Kumar
Published: May 2022

Background: The body mass index and waist hip ratio have shown to have linear relation with increase in vital capacity. The purpose of the study is to find the relation of both body mass index (bmi) and waist hip ratio with the vital capacity.

Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study, 240 students from manipal college of medical sciences, pokhara were enrolled. Respiratory function was assessed by student’s spirometer. The mean of three reading was noted as reading for vital capacity. Height, weight, waist and hip measurement was done. The data were used to derive bmi and the waist hip ratio. Data analysis was done with spss17. The pearson’s correlation test was applied for correlating vital capacity with the anthropometric measures considered.

Results: Out of 240 students 59% were male and 41% were female. There was no correlation between bmi and vital capacity and also between waist-hip ratio and vital capacity.

Conclusion: The study revealed that anthropometric and body compositions are not predictors of respiratory muscle strength.
ASSESSMENT OF NEPALESE PROSTHODONTIST’S ATTITUDE TOWARDS MORPHOLOGICAL COMPLETENESS OF DENTAL ARCHES IN PARTIALLY DENTATE OLDER PATIENTS
Authors: Sabina Poudel  , Shrestha Prabhat , Acharya Lochana , Poudyal Sijan
Published: May 2022

Background: Complete dentition is not always appropriate for old aged medically compromised and financially weak individuals. It is the dentist to decide what minimum number of teeth should be restored to have the proper oral function. The aim was to find out the opinion of prosthodon­tists of Nepal regarding the suitability of shortened dental arch as treatment modality and how frequently is this treatment choice for an old aged Nepalese patient.

Methods: A pretested close ended questionnaire was usedin this study.After taking ethical clear­ance from Nepal Health Research Council, online questionnaire was sent to the participants along with the consent. Analysis was done using SPSS (version 21) statistical software package. Descrip­tive statistics was used. Percentage and frequencies were calculated.

Results: Among respondents, 96.2% (n=51) had heard about shortened dental arch therapy but 3.8 % (n=2) had never heard about it. Forty-two (79.2%) do support shortened dental arch. Eleven (20.8%) do not favorshortened dental arch. Their main reason for replacing molars was to improve masticatory function.Instead of shortened dental arch,n=5(45.5%) prefer cast partial denture and 6(54.5%) advice implant supported fixed prosthesis. Among Prosthodontists who recommended shortened dental arch therapy, eight (19.1%) always advised patients not to replace molars. Twen­ty-four (57.1%) prosthodontists who support shortened dental arch therapy mentioned chewing function in shortened dental arch patients as satisfactory.

Conclusions: Majority of Prosthodontists agree that shortened dental arch is a suitable treatment option for older people in developing countries like Nepal. But the treatment is not employed in clinical practice as required.
PROPOSED DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA AND CLASSIFICATION FOR LAUGIER-HUNZIKER SYNDROME
Authors: Mishra Neha
Published: May 2022

Laugier-Hunziker syndrome is one of those rare syndromes which has yet not been reviewed and reported much in literature. So far, there is no diagnostic criteria and classification that can help with prompt diagnosis of this syndrome. I have attempted to device simple criteria along with a classification that can assist the practitioners with early detection and also will have substantial contribution in medical curriculum.
PHYSIOLOGY GENERAL CONCEPTS COURSE FOR FIRST YEAR UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS USING TEAM BASED LEARNING: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY
Authors: Timilsina Sameer , Bhusal Poojan , Yadav Ram Lochan , Sapkota Niraj Khatri , Islam Md Nazrul
Published: May 2022

Background: Several teaching-learning methods are widely used in medical schools all over the world. Optimizing and promoting active student learning has been the fundamental goal of these strategies. Team-Based Learning (TBL) is a structured form of small-group learn­ing which is a relatively new pedagogy in medical education. We aimed to introduce TBL in place of traditional lectures to teach physiology general concepts and evaluate its perception among undergraduate medical students at Chitwan Medical College.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted among all 100 (95/100 respon­dents) year I undergraduate medical students. We requested the students to complete a Team- Based Learning- Students Assessment Instrument (TBL-SAI) to study the preference towards TBL after completing 12 weeks of TBL.
Results: The study included 67 males and 28 females. Students reported agreement in TBL-SAI statements complementing and enjoying this newly introduced method. The overall mean TBL-SAI score was 111.55±11.05 (Range 78-128) which was above the defined threshold of 102 indicating favor to TBL over traditional lecture system. Sex, entry-type, and, past educational institutes were not associated with a preference of TBL. TBL-SAI is a reliable tool to use among undergraduate medical students in Nepal.
Conclusions: The study demonstrates TBL could be an effective way of teaching physiology general concepts to undergraduate medical students. TBL was overwhelmingly accepted by the students over traditional lecture-based teaching.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL SPECTRUM OF DENGUE FEVER AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN CHITWAN: A HOSPITAL BASED STUDY
Authors: Shrestha Bidhan , Shrestha Rakshya , Sedhain Arun , Shrestha Sabita , Dhital Bishnu Mani , Shrestha Suresh , Tiwari Rituraj
Published: May 2022

Background: Dengue fever is one of the most common tropical diseases caused by an arbo­virus. This virus is a member of genus Flavivirus and flaviviradae family, is transmitted by bite of Aedes aegypti mosquito. Its outbreak is being reported from different parts of the world including Nepal. This disease is prevalent throughout Nepal mostly in terai regions. The aim was to study the epidemiological and clinical spectrum of dengue fever at tertiary care hos­pital in Chitwan.
Methods: This study was a hospital based prospective study where a total of 241 patients di­agnosed with dengue fever were assessed. This study was carried out from September 2019 to February 2020. Data was entered on predesigned proforma and analyzed by using SPSS version 16.0. Mean and standard deviations was calculated for continuous variables and frequencies for categorical variables.
Results: More than half (56%) of the dengue patients belonged to the age group of 25-44 years. Out of 241 patients, 61.4% were males. Apart from fever the other common symptoms were ret­roorbital pain/headache comprising around 80% of patients. The mean duration of hospital stay in our study was 3.86 days. Approximately 72% (173) patients had leucopenia and 8.7% (21) had severe thrombocytopenia(<50000/cumm). NS1Ag positive were in 84% of total patients.
Conclusions: Dengue fever is one of the dreadful diseases in tropical and hilly areas of Nepal. With the help of public health authorities, educating public about vector control and immediate medical attention may help in curbing this deadly disease.
ANGULATION AND DISTANCE OF SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY ACCORDING TO BODY MASS INDEX ON PATIENTS BASED ON COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SCAN STUDY AT CHITWAN MEDICAL COLLEGE
Authors: Adhikari Deepak , Paudyal Sudil , Paudel Bigyan , Paudel Dipesh , Acharya Ishwor
Published: May 2022

Background: Superior mesenteric artery syndrome is a rare but vital cause of upper gastrointestinal obstruction which occurs when the third portion of the duodenum is trapped between aorta and superior mesenteric artery. The significant decrease of the angle and distance between the superior mesenteric artery and aorta is the etiology of Superior mesenteric artery syndrome.The study aimed to identify the angulations and distance of superior mesenteric artery from aorta and their correlation with body mass index in patients referred for contrast enhanced computed tomography of abdomen examination in a Chitwan Medical College.

Methods: The angle between the aorta and superior mesenteric artery was measured in arterial phase of the abdominal scan in the multiplanar reconstructed image in sagittal plane. The distance between the superior mesenteric artery and aorta was measured in axial plane at the level of 3rd part of duodenum.

Results: The aortomesenteric distance was obtained to be 13.30 ± 4.75 mm and the aortomesenteric angle was obtained to be 54.7±16.91 degree for a total of 210 patients. There was a positive correlation between body mass index and aortomesenteric distance (p=0.086) and significant positive correlation between body mass index and aortomesenteric angle (p=0.122). Additionally, it showed there was significant positive correlation between aortomesenteric angle and aortomesenteric distance.

Conclusions: The distance and angle between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta correlates significantly with the body mass index which indicates that the decrease in body mass index can be used as a risk factor of superior mesenteric artery syndrome.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF SELF-MEDICATION AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS DURING EXAM TIME
Authors: Bhattarai Ashish Kumar , Karki Prabin Kumar
Published: May 2022

Background: Medical education is one of the toughest education systems where the stu­dents are under intense physical and mental pressure especially during the exam time. They have information of different drugs that can cope with their medical conditions and also aware of different cognitive enhancers. Self-medication results in wastage of resource, ad­verse effects, drug dependence and increase chances of resistance of pathogens. Hence, this study was undertaken to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of irrational drug use among the medical students during the exam time.
Methods: This was descriptive cross-sectional using semi-structured questionnaire in the one of the medical school located inside Kathmandu Valley. A total of 90 students participated in the study. The data was analyzed with SPSS version 20, by using descriptive statistics.
Results: Among the total respondents,20 (17.7%) were practicing self-medication during the exam time. Of the participants who practiced the self-medication, most common drug used was NDAIDs. Most of the respondents 87(96.7%) were aware of the possible adverse consequences. About 75(83.3%) participants thought the self-medication practice during the exam time is acceptable while 15(16.7%) regarded this as unacceptable.
Conclusions: Although low incidence of self-medication was found among students during exam time, the false prerogative of being medical students can lead to meager practice and awful con­sequences.
FALL RISK AMONG OLDER ADULTS RESIDING IN BHARATPUR, CHITWAN, NEPAL
Authors: Limbu Jogmaya , Sunita Poudyal
Published: May 2022

Background: Falls in older people is a common serious health problem that has profound im­pact on overall health and quality of life of older people. The aim of this study was to assess the fall risk among older adults.
Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among older adults residing in Bharatpur, Chitwan. A total of 98 older adults were selected by using simple random sampling technique. The data were collected by using structured interview schedule and fall risk was as­sessed by Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Data were collected from 23rd June, 2019 to 7th July, 2019. Obtained data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: The study findings revealed that more than half (60.2%) of the older adults were from the age group of ≤79 years, male (63.3%) and almost half (50%) were illiterate. Nearly all (96.9%) older adults were living with their family however, 50% were undernourished (BMI- <22.9). Ma­jorities (66.3%) were suffering from chronic diseases and had been taking medicine. Majority of older adults reported vision problem (64.3%) and hearing problem (60.2%). However, only 8.2% reported history of fall within last 6-12 months. More than half (59.2%) of the older adults had high risk of fall and found significant association with age (p=0.039) and vision problem (p=0.043).
Conclusions: More than half of the older adults are in risk of falls. Therefore, more emphasis should be given in screening the older people for fall risk factors as preventive measures.