bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Foundation Settlement of Oil Tank Project Based on Red Soil Foundation
Authors: Bao Shuo Chao , Wang Qing , Ma Yu Fei , Wang Zi Jian
Published: September 2013

In order to provide the reference and basis to construction scheme and post-construction settlement prediction, this article based on a dynamic compacted red soil foundation of large-scale oil tank first-stage project of Guangxi, took settlement and conical surface deformation observation and used consolidation degree logarithm method to predict the final settlement of red soil foundation. According to the research, the effect of dynamic compaction was promising, and this method provided a reference to settlement prediction of red soil foundation.
A Study on the Current Status of House Performance Rating System of South Korea and Development Plan
Authors: Lee Seung Jo , Lee Kang Guk
Published: September 2013

This study investigates the contents of the house performance rating system of South Korea, its problems and development plan. First, the house performance rating system has been being implemented for the purpose of improving the quality of house and providing faithful and precise house information to residents. Second, the rating system is being operated as a scheme to assess the house performance in South Korea. Finally, a close investigation and establishment of a plan are required for the classification of house performance rating.
The Illumination Characteristics of Glass-Based Mazu Temple Buildings Compared to Traditional Temples in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Chao Shui , Hu Chun Hung , Chen Peng Lai , Chen Tsair Rong
Published: September 2013

The role of religion in providing people spiritual stability and the necessity for conducting worships has increased the demands of religious buildings. Taoist religious buildings have a significant presence in Taiwan. With increasing environmental awareness and declining wood production, current constructions of Taoist buildings have shifted from using wood to employing reinforced concrete as building material. However, insufficient indoor lighting results in buildings requiring artificial lighting, which in turn leads to energy consumption. Therefore, a glass-based material Mazu temple is proposed to substitute wood and reinforced concrete material. The design consideration for building is illustrated in this paper. Furthermore, the illumination of the Mazu temple constructed will is analyzed and compared to a traditional Taoist temple building. The results show that the illumination of glass-based temple buildings is better than traditional temple buliding. Hence, it could reduce the require time of artificial lighting.
Field Survey on Occupant Thermal Comfort of Cold Regions in Transition Season
Authors: Qu Wan Ying
Published: September 2013

A thermal comfort field study was investigated in residential buildings of cold regions in transition season during which the indoor thermal environment conditions are measured, the thermal sensation value of the occupants is questioned and recorded. A seven-point thermal sensation scale was used to evaluate the thermal sensation. The statistical method was used to analyze the data and the conclusions are as follows in transition season: clothing increase in 0.1clo when the indoor air temperature is lowered by 1°C; and clothing will be a corresponding increase in 0.06clo when the outdoor air temperature is lowered by 1°C; clothing also varies with gender, age, weight and thermal history and other related; the measured thermal neutral temperature is 21.3°C; and the minimum accepted temperature is 11.4 °C in transition season in cold regions. Most people choose to change clothes, switch and other passive measures, and occasionally take active measures of heater, electric fans and others.
Development and Construction of a Fertilizer Rotary Dryer Using Waste Heat from an Electrical Generator in a Pig Farm
Authors: Namwong Krissada , Suntivarakorn Ratchaphon , Treedet Wasakron
Published: September 2013

This research presents a study of the design and construction of a fertilizer rotary dryer in a pig farm which used waste heat at 400 degree Celsius from an electrical generator. The designed rotary dryer consisted of two pipes with lengths of 10 meters. These pipes consisted of a drying and a cooling pipe, each with a diameter of 0.5 meter. The power was supplied by two 5 horse power motors, and 2 horse power blowers were used to suck in hot and cool air for drying. The fertilizer, with an initial moisture content of 55-60 %db, was examined. Three parameters were varied to study the optimal condition of drying. These were rotary speed, degree of tilt angle and air flow rate. The rotary speed was varied at 10, 15 and 20 RPM, the degree of tilt angle was set at 1, 3 and 5 degrees, and the air flow rate was varied at 60, 120 and 180 cubic meters per hour. From the experiment, the result revealed that the condition of 1 degree of tilt angle, 10 rpm of rotary speed and an air flow rate of 180 cubic meters per hours were the optimal conditions for drying the fertilizer. The moisture in the fertilizer was reduced from 57.84 %db to 12.45 %db. The drying rate was 56.93 kg/h, and the thermal efficiency was 79.24 %. The energy consumption was 328.64 kWh/ ton. The capacity of the designed rotary dryer was 3 tons/day which is three times more than the amount of the traditional drying method. If the cost of the rotary dryer is 450,000 Baht, the payback period will be 3.73 months.
Research of Feature Model Constructing Techniques for Diesel Engine Based on EON Platform
Authors: Zhou Jian Zhao , Xu Xiao Pan , Chu Wei Jun , Dai Ju Ying , Lai Si Wei
Published: September 2013

The vivid expression of entity models in the virtual circumstance is directly related to the facticity and immersion of the virtual environment. To build the virtual maintenance training system for Cummins M11 diesel engine, this paper primarily designed the functions of the system, studied the constructing and optimizing techniques of 3D models. Using EON platform, these 3D models were secondarily constructed to achieve the pre-designed functions, and realize the real-time interactive simulation. The experiments show that synthetically using these VR constructing techniques can overcome the limitations of single modeling method, and brilliantly make the simulation environment more realistic and familiar to the trainees, achieving good training results.
Study on the Mechanism of Soot Reduction by Multi-Injection Coupled with EGR
Authors: Luo Jing , Liu Hai Feng
Published: September 2013

The effects of multiple injections coupled with medium EGR (25% - 30%) on heavy duty diesel engine were investigated. Injection timing and mass were adjusted with different injection strategies (main-post and pilot-main) to study the influence of these parameters on combustion and emissions. The mechanism of soot emission reduction was discussed. Results indicate that, at fixed total injection quantity and EGR rate, NOx is reduced, while soot is decreased followed by an increasing with increasing post injection quantity; NOx nearly kept constant and soot declined before rising with lager main-post interval. Optimum post injection could accelerate soot oxidation rate. Pilot injection has no positive impact on NOx, while soot decreases with less pilot fuel mass and lager pilot-main interval. Optimum pilot injection could be beneficial for a better mixture property. The acceleration of soot oxidation rate is the basic reason of soot emission reducing by multiple injections.
A Study on Emissions of Small Diesel Engines
Authors: Kuang Xin , Liu Sheng Ji , Sun Jian , Wang Jian
Published: September 2013

Taking a small diesel engine as the prototype, emission researches for its structural features and different uses are carried out. Obvious differences of emissions for the same diesel engine using different test cycles are shown. By analyzing the test result, it has been found that the weighting factor of each mode is only part of the factors for the large differences of the emission values. The contributions of individual modes are used to analyze the mechanism of changing emissions of the diesel engine and it is found that reducing NOX of the full load for the mobile non-road diesel engine is the key to reach emission standard; for the fixed diesel engine, CO emission must be controlled at the same time. It has been found that it is necessary to take different combustion optimization parameters or measures to reduce the emission of the diesel engine according to the different uses of small diesel engine engines.
Effect of Molten Alkali on Pyrolysis of Fatty Acid Sodium Salts to Hydrocarbon
Authors: Wang Wei Jin , Yu Feng Wen , Gao Long Chao , Zhang Guo Dong , Ji Jian Bing
Published: September 2013

The molten alkali was investigated on the pyrolysis of fatty acid sodium salts; furthermore, the difference of pyrolysate between saturate and un-saturate fatty acid sodium salts was also given. In the presence of molten alkali, the pyrolysis of saturated sodium stearate leaded to high content of alkanes (nearly 60%) and low content of oxygen-containing compounds (almost 3%). But for the pyrolysis of un-saturated sodium oleate, high amount of aromatics (nearly 24%) and low amount of oxygen-containing compounds (1%) were detected. Compared with the pyrolysis without molten alkali, less oxygen-containing compounds were found in liquid pyrolysates. Therefore, molten alkali not only prompted deoxygenation of fatty acid sodium salts to hydrocarbons, but also had effect on the distribution of different compounds. In the process of pyrolysis, molten alkali partly changes into sodium carbonate. And the different raw materials also affected the distributions of pyrolysate.
Fault Detection of Carbide Anvil Based on Hurst Exponent and BP Neural Network
Authors: Han Li , Chen Bin , Gao Bao Cheng , Yan Zhao Li , Cheng Xiao Bin
Published: September 2013

This paper proposed a novel diagnosis algorithm based on Hurst exponent and BP neural network to detect carbide anvil fault in synthetic diamond industry. Firstly, a sort of preprocessing algorithm is proposed, which uses the sliding window and energy threshold method to separate the pulse from initial continuous signal. Then, some characteristic parameters which are based on Hurst exponent are extracted from the separated pulse signal. These characteristic parameters are used to construct fault characteristic vectors. Finally, the BP neural network model was established for fault recognition. Experimental results show that the proposed fault detection method has high recognition rate of 96.7%.
Research and Application of K-DOPS Algorithm in Virtual Maintenance Training System for Diesel Engine
Authors: Zhou Jian Zhao , Xu Xiao Pan , Zhu Zi Cheng , Chu Wei Jun , Xu Ting , Dai Ju Ying , Lai Si Wei
Published: September 2013

Collision detection can effectively improve the authenticity, credibility and immersion of the virtual simulation environment. So this article mainly analyzed several classic collision detection algorithms, and put forward to use K-DOPS method in virtual maintenance system. Through EON simulation platform, the execution results of the algorithm were tested. The results show that the use of K-DOPS algorithm in collision detection can real-timely avoid collision and penetration between the part models in virtual maintenance training system for diesel engine, brilliantly enhancing the authenticity and immersion of the simulation environment.
Halcon-Based Optical Fiber Geometry Parameters Measurement Algorithm
Authors: Xi Chuan Li , Chen Xiao Rong , Cong Yuan
Published: September 2013

This paper presents an algorithm to measure geometric parameters of optical fibers based on Halcon. The algorithm enhances the contrast of the fiber image and uses canny edge detection operator to extract the contours of fiber cross section. In order to remove noise in the contour, this paper studies new methods, include setting the contour length range, whether each contour is circular or not and whether the center of the circular contour and the center of the fiber core is consistent or not. These methods remove most of the noise. Finally, the effective contours are merged and then approximated by circle and ellipse. According to the mathematical model, all parameters required can be obtained. Experiment results show that the algorithm accuracy meet the needs.
Research Progress on Biomass Pyrolysis Kinetics
Authors: Jie Chen , Zhen Xiao , Wu Jun Hui
Published: September 2013

The fundamental principle and kinetic models of biomass pyrolysis are introduced, and the progress of studies on dynamic models for biomass pyrolysis is summarized in this paper in order to provide the theoretical basis for the development of biomass pyrolysis.
The Migration Characteristics of Sodium during Biomass Combustion
Authors: Zhao Ying , Tan Li , Cheng Gui Shi , Kong Yan , Dong Chang Qing
Published: September 2013

During biomass combustion, alkali metals are partly released to the gas phase and form low melting point compound, which may enrich to the heat exchangers and cause heavy sinters in the incinerator. The aim of this study is to obtain quantitative data on the migration of sodium by measuring the content of sodium remained in the combustion products using AAS. Three groups of biomass ashes were produced respectively to investigate the influence of combustion temperature, fuel thickness and kaolin addition. The results indicate that, rising temperature enhances Na release from the biomass to the gas phase, while increasing the fuel thickness does the opposite. The reaction of kaolin and Na to generate a high melting point material inhibits the migration of Na, which reduces the biomass sintering in the incinerator.
The Various Impacts of Wind Power and Thermal Power Generation on Economic Development: A Case Study of Jilin Province
Authors: Zhao Xiao Li , Yao Jin , Hu Ya Nan
Published: September 2013

Based on a case study of Jilin province in Northeast China, this paper applied input-output analysis method to contrast different effects of wind power and thermal power generation on local economic growth. The results indicate that the driving effect of wind power on economic growth in the output of per ten thousand Yuan is lower 5205 Yuan than that of thermal power. However, taking serious environmental externalities produced by thermal power generation into account, thermal power economic value will be greatly decreased.
Test Analysis on the Electromagnetic Environment of Photovoltaic Power Transmission System
Authors: Wang Fang , Zhao Zhi Bin , Zhang Hong
Published: September 2013

This paper provides the electromagnetic environment test results of the new energy laboratory, and analyzes the results by comparing with the related traditional electromagnetic energy environmental standards from domestic and overseas. This paper lays the foundation of setting up the new standard for the electromagnetic environment of photovoltaic system, and provides important data for reference.
The Matching Research of Soil Source Heat Pump and Central Heating System in Cold Region
Authors: Wang Yue Ren , Jiang Yu Feng , Yu Min
Published: September 2013

Using Dest software simulation benchmark building the dynamic heat load, analyzing its distribution pattern, at the same timewe can also get heat pump units in the COP value is different under different working condition, then the soil source heat pump and central heating complementary heating system, undertake in soil source heat pump system design heat load, under theconditions of different proportion of the whole system operation energy consumption, initial investment analysis, we conclude thatthe soil source heat pump and central heating complementary heating systems of different energy matching optimization features,this provides a reference for practical engineering.
Convective Heat Transfer between Covered Kiln Wall and Material Bed
Authors: Yang Xiao Yan , Xiao You Gang , Lei Xian Ming , Chen Guo Xin
Published: September 2013

According to kiln structure and material movement features, the transient heat conduction model of material bed and the contact heat transfer model at the interface of covered kiln wall and material bed are built. Considering their contribution to the convective heat transfer of material bed, the convective heat transfer coefficient between covered kiln wall and material bed is proposed, and its formula is obtained, with which the convective heat transfer between covered kiln wall and material bed can be calculated conveniently, so the heat transfer prediction within the rotary kiln can be done more easily.
Operation Mode Analysis of Joint Heating about Solar Collectors and Ground Source Heat Pump
Authors: Wang Yue Ren , Zhang Xiao , Fang Yong Qiang
Published: September 2013

From the viewpoint of improving heating quality and saving energy, the paper proposes the use of Joint Heating Systems about Solar Collectors and Ground Source Heat Pump (JHSSCGSHP). The typical architecture in Shenyang is analyzed about dynamic simulation by the use of JHSSCGSHP. MATLAB is used to operate comparative analysis of simulation. It focuses on the impact of water temperature of inlet and outlet of heat pump systems in different series of separate heating of ground source heat pump and JHSSCGSHP. Thus the influence of the system operation efficiency based on different operation modes is compared.
Evaluation of the Performance of a Ground-Water Heat Pump System in Hot-Summer and Cold-Winter Region
Authors: Lei Fei , Hu Ping Fang
Published: September 2013

This study presented the energy performance evaluation of a ground-water heat pump (GWHP) system based on actual operational data. The GWHP system was installed for apartment buildings in Wuhan, China. During one year, various operating parameters of the GWHP system were monitored and the coefficient of performance (COP) of system was determined based on the measurement. The energy consumption of the GWHP system is more than twice the average value of split air conditioner on residential application, because of continuously operating of the GWHP system and frugally intermittence operating of split air conditioner. The GWHP system is more economical than other central system. The energy savings rate of the GWHP system was 41.5% for the heating season comparing with boiler and 42% for the cooling season comparing with air source heat pump.
Feasibility Analysis of Saving Energy Potential for an Enterprise
Authors: Zhan Nai Yan , Li Bo , Xiao Y. , Sun L.M.
Published: September 2013

Energy consumption of Shanghai oil gas Ltd is discussed. According to energy distribution, some problems and weaker are found. Some potential about saving energy are found and some analysis is done. The measures about saving energy are put forward and energy consumer and production cost will be reduced. At the same time, Energy supervision is enhanced by government. Energy is used in reason and environment is protected.
Working Fluid Selection for Organic Rankine Cycles from a Molecular Structural Point of View
Authors: Zhang Bing , Yang Shuang , Xu Jin Liang , Liu Guang Lin
Published: September 2013

The optimum working conditions of 11 working fluids under different heat source temperatures for an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) were located in our previous work. In the current work, the system irreversibility of each candidate were calculated and compared at their optimal operating conditions. Obvious variation trends of both the cycle efficiency and irreversibility were found for different types of organic fluids. It is suggested, when selecting working fluid for our ORC system, the critical temperature should be as close as possible to the heat source temperature to achieve high cycle efficiency but avoid large irreversibility. The relationships between the structure of the molecules and the critical temperature of the working fluids are investigated qualitatively and potentially meaningful for the rational selection of proper organic fluids for certain ORCs.
A Novel Voltage Sag Generator for Grid-Connected PV System's Low Voltage Ride-Through Test
Authors: Zheng Fei , Ding Ming Chang , Zhang Jun Jun
Published: September 2013

A novel voltage sag generator (VSG) is proposed for grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems low voltage ride-through (LVRT) test. The topology and parameters of the current-limiting reactor group, grounding reactor group and bi-directional thyristor valve of the VSG is designed to generator voltage sags with several sag depths and phase angles. Furthermore, for a 250kW grid-connected PV inverter modeled by real-time digital simulator (RTDS), LVRT simulations in different sag depths at different phase angles are done with the VSG. Simulation results show that the proposed VSG has reasonable design and can reveal adequately how the voltage sag depths and phase angles influent the LVRT results.
Simulation on Dual 12-Pulse Converter Groups in Respectively Controlled UHVDC System
Authors: Teng Yu Fei , Li Dong Xiang , Su Guo Liang , Wang Yu Hong
Published: September 2013

In order to study the feasibility ofrespective control mode that high voltage side valve group and low voltage side valve group in a single poleare respectively controlled, and the merits and demerits of this mode and jointcontrol modethattwo 12-pulse converter groups are jointlycontrolled in UHVDC power transmission systems simulation.±800 kV UHVDC transmission project model is set up. The operation characteristics of steady state and deblocking and blocking of high voltage side valve group are simulated. The comparison and analysis results show that: steady-state simulation waveforms of the two control mode can be a good correspondence; the basic strategies of blocking and deblockingare same, the dynamic characteristics are similar; therespective control mode is entirely feasible in UHVDC power transmission systems simulation.
Effect of Water Distribution Ways on the Operation of Solar Pond
Authors: Gao Chun Juan , Zhang Qi , Wang Liang , Wang Ying , Huang Xi Ping
Published: September 2013

An experimental study on the evolution of the salinity profiles in the salinity gradient solar ponds was executed using a small model pond. The body of the simulated pond is a cylindrical plastic tank, with 50 cm height and 45 cm diameter. The salinity gradient was established in the laboratory tank by using the salinity redistribution technique. The measurements were taken during a period of 20 days of experimentation. This period of time allowed the existence of salt diffusion from the storage zone to the surface. Results obtained from this study show that when the ratio of brine/water is 1/1, the salinity gradient layer can sustain a longer time and the lower convective zone is thicker, which is benefit to store solar energy.
Grid Component Outage Probability Model Considering Weather and Aging Factors
Authors: Yao Feng , Zhang Zhong Hui , He Ye
Published: September 2013

Component outage model plays an important role in risk assessment of the power grid safety. In this paper, three aspects resulting in failures were taken into consideration, which are: repairable failure, aging factor, and the weather dependent factor. Repairable failure model can be obtained based on statistical date in the past, while aging failure model were simulated according to normal distributions. Moreover, the weather dependent characteristics of both models were combined, and ultimately, it was possible to derive the components outage probability model. Besides, the feasibility of this model was proved by an actual line in the IEEE-RTS96.
Study on Methodology Monitoring Power Cable Insulation Defects
Authors: Quan Yu Sheng , Qi Shi Wei , Zhou En Ze , Wang Bei Bei , Zhao Bo
Published: September 2013

This paper presents a new methodology for power cable monitoring. The methodology makes the transient voltage and current of the power cable as the source; decomposing the transient voltage and current to the harmonic sequence, then the defecting insulation identification function can be built. Calculating the distribution of the identification function in harmonics and the frequency characteristics of the equivalent insulation resistance , the power cable insulation defects monitoring and diagnosis can be achieved. Only the existing monitoring system hardware without external source can be used by the method ology mentioned, the cable insulation defects can be monitored simply and practically. The methodology is benefit for Power cable insulation defects contribute to the development of monitoring cable insulation defects technology.
Characteristic Analysis of the Insulation State of Single-Core XLPE Cables
Authors: Gao Wei , Tang Zhong
Published: September 2013

This paper investigates the state of insulation characteristic of single-core underground cable. The distributed model of single-core cable was built, which involved the insulation resistance and the leakage current. Based on the distributed model, sheath voltage and ground current on metallic sheath was examined under several kinds of insulation ageing such as various degree of insulation ageing occur in the main insulation, or in the sheath insulation, or partial insulation ageing. The results show that the voltage and current on metallic sheath indicate the degree and position of the ageing. Also the trend of the voltage and current on sheath indicates the part the ageing occurs - the sheath insulation or the main insulation.
Study on the Shock Wave Pressure Characteristics of Pulsed Discharge in Liquid in the Pipe
Authors: Gao Zhi Ying , Sun Bing , Wang Bo , Zhu Xiao Mei , Yan Zhi Yu
Published: September 2013

In this paper, the shock wave characteristics of pulsed discharge in liquid which occurred in the pipe with rod-rod electrodes were studied. The effects of shock wave peak pressure in the discharge were studied with changed the discharge voltage and electrode gap. The results show that the peak pressure of shock wave increased with the increasing of voltage. When the discharge voltage 22kV, the peak pressure of shock wave increased first and then decreased with the electrode gap increased. However, the discharge voltages 26kV and 28kV, the peak pressure of shock waves increased with electrode gap increased. The pressure of the shock wave (Pr) decays exponentially with the distance (r) from the discharging center. Under this experimental condition, the shock wave intensity is calculated by averaging many values of the experiment, and the experience formula is Pr = 2.56E·e-0.4831r.
Influence of Eddy Current Effect on the Circuit Breaker Contact Mechanism Heat Loss
Authors: Wang Da Yang , Yao Fang , Li Zhi Gang
Published: September 2013

With the three-dimensional field analysis software Ansoft Maxwell 3D, the three-dimensional finite element model of the contacts pair is established. They belong to a kind of miniature circuit breaker. The simulation is carried out in the transient magnetic field. Under the condition with or without eddy current effect, we get the position and numerical solution of the contact mechanism heat loss under different short-circuit current.
Research Progress of CO2 Sequestration with Enhanced Gas Recovery
Authors: Zhang Yi , Liu Shu Yang , Song Yong Chen , Jian Wei Wei , Li Duo , Hu Cheng , Zhan Yang Chun
Published: September 2013

CO2Sequestration with Enhanced Gas Recovery (CSEGR) is one of the efficient and attractive scenarios to reduce CO2emission and accelerate gas field to produce more natural gas simultaneously. We review the correlational experiments, simulations and economic feasibility research about technical and economic problems of CSEGR. And the potential of natural gas increase production and CO2emission reduction in China by CSEGR is calculated. The pilot projects and simulation results show that CSEGR is technically feasible when suitable injection strategies and field management are implemented. However, economic feasibility is available only via policies of carbon credit, allowance and trade. Accurate experimental data would ensure the authenticity of key simulation parameters and reliability of simulations, but the existed experimental data is scarce. More experimental researches should be conducted to obtain a great quantity of accurate data which can make the simulation more close to the actual situation. Accordingly, the pilot projects and large-scale applications of CSEGR could be implemented successfully.
Research on Sewage Marine Discharge Effect in Cao Fei-Dian Port
Authors: Yu Hang , Bai Jing Feng
Published: September 2013

The sewage diffusion is an environmental material for protecting marine environment. It plays an important role in port engineering. Its effect under deep water was carried out between different diffuser design parameters based on the hydraulic model test, and Cao Fei-dian port sewage marine disposal project was taken as an example. For South port project, jet angle was controlled to be 0 degree, and horizontal angle was controlled to be 0 degree. It not only can ensure that sewage fully diluted mixed, also can avoid the premature convergence and sewage lifting. It is feasible for selecting large angle nozzle under deep water and there are some technical bases have been provided for other sewage marine disposal project.
A New Energy-Saving Device’s Introduction & Exploration in the Treatment of Coking Wastewater
Authors: Zhang Qing Jun , Tan Liang Liang , Xu Ming Ze , You Shao Hong , Lin Hua
Published: September 2013

This essay introduces the structure and design of deep well AA/OO new process and advantages in treatment of coking wastewater, rational utilization of waste shafts properly give full play to improve AA/OO process for treating coking wastewater, greatly reducing the investment of infrastructure and construction. Combining the advantages of the AA / OO and deep aeration process can enhance the force of shock load and improve the high concentration of the wastewater treatment efficiency. Simultaneously, this patented technology is influenced less by temperature, widely suitable to many areas and produces little odor, cover less area. The proposed system was demonstrated to be an attractive biological nutrient removal process for the treatment of coking wastewater.
Study on Biosorption of Uranium by Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces uvarum
Authors: Liao Qian , Cui Chun Long , Yi Jun
Published: September 2013

The paper studied the growth law of Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces uvarum, and the interaction between the uranium system and strains in the different concentrations of uranium. The results showed that the B. subtilis almost appeared linear growth when uranium concentration was under the 450 mg/L, and the growth curve of the S.uvarum primarily met the S-growth curve model while uranium concentration was under the 600 mg/L. When the uranium concentration reaching 600 mg/L, the B. subtilis stopped growing, but the S. uvarum grown normally and had no significant difference compared with the control. The adsorption capacity of two strains increased with increasing uranium concentration under the 600 mg/L. While uranium concentration was 450 mg/L, the adsorption rate of two strains reached the maximum value (88.50%). The maximum adsorption capacity of B. subtilis and S. uvarum were 382.86 mgU/g and 113.04 mgU/g, respectively. In the real application, firstly, S. uvarum could be used to decrease the high concentration of uranium, and then B. subtilis was taken for further adsorption to achieve optimal effect of adsorption.
Pyrolysis Characteristics and Kinetics of Municipal Sludge by Thermogravimetry-Fourier Transform Infrared Analysis (TG-FTIR)
Authors: Li Xin , Li Wei Guang , Wang Guang Zhi
Published: September 2013

To obtain the pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics during the pyrolysis of municipal sludge, the characteristic of mass loss and the pyrolysis gas products were analyzed by TG-FTIR and the kinetic parameters were calculated by the Coats-Redfem method. The results indicate that the pyrolysis process of municipal sludge in nitrogen can be divided into three stages including dehydration, degradation of organic matters, and decomposition of inorganic minerals and undecomposed organic matters when the heating rate is 15 °C/min. CO2, CO, CH4, some aldehydes and carboxylic acids are the major pyrolysis gas products. Among these gasses, CO2 accounts for a large proportion. The kinetic parameters are different in the different pyrolysis stages. The activation energies and pre-exponential factors are in the range of 59.58~150.30 kJ/mol and 1.64×107~6.03×1011 min-1, respectively.
Butyric Acid Fermentation from Rice Straw with Undefined Mixed Culture: Enhancement by pH Control
Authors: Ai Bin Ling , Li Jian Zheng , Chi Xue , Meng Jia
Published: September 2013

This study aimed to find out the optimum pH range and a buffer feeding method for butyric acid production from rice straw by undefined mixed culture. A serial experiment was conducted at various pH levels from 5.0 to 7.0. The results showed that neutral pH improved rice straw conversion and hence carboxylic acid production. The highest butyric acid production was achieved at pH range of 6.0 to 6.5. Another serial experiment was performed at pH 6.0 to 6.5 buffered with CaCO3, NaHCO3, NH4HCO3 and their combinations, respectively. The results indicated that different buffers had different effects on product spectrum, and that CaCO3 combined with NaHCO3 was an effective buffer for butyric acid production. This study presents an alternative way for butyric acid production from lignocellulosic biomass without supplementary cellulolytic enzyme.
Biological Treatment of Wastewater from the Exploitation of Heavy Oil
Authors: He Feng , Zhou Hua , Liu Hong Ru
Published: September 2013

Biological treatment of heavy crude oil production wastewater is well-established method for remediation of these wastes. We have developed effective biological treatments by (1) utilizing microbes with high oil-degrading abilities, (2) allowing greater organic loads while increasing both process stability and the resistance to shock loading, (3) minimizing the production of waste sludge byproducts, and (4) adopting anaerobic and aerobic biological processes to improve the biodegradation of the wastewater. Fixed-film bioreactors with 15h hydraulic retention times have decreased chemical oxygen demand by 74.8%, total suspended solids by 90.9%, oil by 80.6%, and phenols and sulfides by 100%. The results with anin situpilot system show that the bioreactor's hydrolytic acidulation and contact oxidation tanks are suitable for treating oilfield wastewater, and that water quality after treatment fully meets national drainage standards.
Evaluation of Germicidal UV-LEDs Inactivation and Photoreactivation Efficiency on Escherichia coli in Municipal Sewage
Authors: Wang Lei , Sun Yu Jiao , Zhao Xiao Hui , Zhang Hui Chun
Published: September 2013

Ultraviolet light emitting diodes(UV-LEDs)presenting the advantages of high efficiency,small size,energy saving and without mercury,are gradually replacing mercury lamps in disinfection systems.This study focused 280nm wavelength of UV-LEDs,the Escherichia coli was served as objective in wastewater,the inactivation efficiency and photoreactivation percentage were examined compared with traditional mercury lamps.A series of UV-LEDs dose caused different inactivationefficiency and photoreactivation percentage of E.coli.When UV dose was 1.8 mJ/cm2, inactivation efficiency reached 2.7-lg,then under a 40w sunlight lamp irradiation,the photoreactivation percentage was up to 2.7%;at 3.6 mJ/cm2, inactivation efficiency reached 3-lg,photoreactivation percentage was up to 0.98%.In advanced wastewater treatment,a threshold dose 3.6 mJ/cm2 is suggested of 280nm UV-LEDS.UV dose higher than 3.6 mJ/cm2 can achieve the depth of sterilization effect,that reaches the effect of mercury lamp 40mJ/cm2.The results indicate great advantages of UV-LEDs compared with mercury lamps.
Study on Integrated Restoration Technique for Eutrophic Artificial Lakes
Authors: Zhao Wen Yu , Yang Guang Wen , Chen Xiao Xing , Yu Jun Yi , Ma Bei Kong
Published: September 2013

In order to study the remedation technology of eutrophic artificial lake, an integrated restoration technique consisted of aquatic vegetation near lakesides, Effective Microorganisms (EM) , fingerlings and intermittent aeration system was constructed in Guilin City, Guangxi of China. The results indicated that the removal rates of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD),total nitrogen (TN),total phosphorus (TP),suspended substance (SS) and turbidity achieved by this kind of technique were 63.14%~77.10%,54.18%~60.54%,85.76%~87.98%,82.36%,79.28% respectively, and the coverage ratio of duckweed decreases from 90% to 10%. Compared with conventional wastewater treatment systems, the integrated restoration technique do not cause secondary pollution, and has an obvious effect, especially it can maintain good water quality for a long time.
Bamboo as Solid Carbon Source for De-Nitrification
Authors: Wang Yin Mei
Published: September 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the efficiency and characteristics of de-nitrification using bamboo as solid phase carbon source in a batch and continuous flow mode. Compared to no solid phase carbon source system, the higher nitrate-N removal efficiency and the less nitrite-N accumulation was observed in a de-nitrification system by using bamboo as solid phase carbon source. The results showed that nitrate-N volumetric load averaged between 2.09 mg/L.h when filamentous bamboo as single carbon source, and mean nitrite-N accumulations was only 0.23 mg as 1 g nitrate-N was removed. Moreover, temperature was an important influencing factor for nitrate-N volumetric load and nitrite accumulation. In addition, refractory organic compounds and nitrate-N can simultaneous remove.
Study on Degradation of Herbicide Atrazine by Electrochemical Oxidation Using Platinum Electrode
Authors: Li Yi Fan , Liu Ying , Liu Hou Qi , Li Li
Published: September 2013

This paper studies the degradation of herbicide atrazine. It was degraded by three-dimension-electrode electrochemical oxidation, which platinum was used as cathode and anode, and activated carbon was used as packed material and adsorbent. The effect of input current, initial pH, electrolyte concentration and solution temperature on degradation efficiency of atrazine was discussed. The results showed that atrazine can be effectively degraded by three-dimension-electrode electrochemical oxidation. The optimal conditions of operation are as follows: input current is 30mA, initial pH is 4, solution temperature is 20°C, and electrolyte concentrations is 0.10mol/L. Under the optimal conditions, degradation efficiency of atrazine can reach more than 99%, and the degradation rate is highest.
Design on Manipulator Hand Structure Working in the Radiation Environment
Authors: Liu Yong Xia , Zou Shu Liang , He Zhi Feng , Zhang De
Published: September 2013

On the basis of the design and calculation, motion analysis and structural analysis were carried out on hydraulic manipulator hand structure working in the radiation environment by using modeling and simulation technology. Concluded that the simulation results can be intuitive to inspect the kinematic characteristics of the manipulator hand structure, and provide the basis for the design of the control system.
Research on Particulate Material Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems Calibration
Authors: Wang Qiang , Zhou Gang , Zhang Qi , Zhang Yang , Yang Kai
Published: September 2013

According to the current national standard and guidelines, the paper evaluates the quality assurance procedures and requirements for the calibration of particulate matter continuous emission monitoring systems (PM-CEMS). The effect of the experimental variables such as flue gas conditions, concentrations range, additional data consistency, correlation coefficient, calibration model, confidence intervals and tolerance interval on the reliability of CEMS are presented.
Progress and Prospects of Oily Sludge Treatment Technology at China and Abroad
Authors: Liu Fan , Qu Cheng Tun , Yang Bo , Xue Jin Li , Li Meng Yang
Published: September 2013

A large number of waste oil and sludge were generated during mining and processing. Untreated Sludge directly discharged into environment will lead to critical human health harm and serious environment pollution. As one of the petrochemical process major pollutants, treatment of oil sludge processing, at home and abroad, has been trying to study. Summary of development status and prospect research of oil sludge treatment technology, combining characteristics of the oily sludge, in domestic and foreign were made in this article.
Research on Startup Process and Influencing Factors of Half-Nitrosofication in CANON Reactor
Authors: Wang Yi , Jin La Hua
Published: September 2013

The experimental study on startup process of half-nitrosofication for high ammonia nitrogen simulated wastewater has been accomplished with a reactor of completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON). The startup process and its influences of the concentration of influent , DO and pH were analyzed with the experimental results. The results show that the conversion rate of to is close to 55%, the accumulation rate of is over 95% and the rate of to steadily keeps as 1.02~1.24 under the condition of influent of 400 mg/L, pH of 7.6~8.2, DO of 0.95~1.3mg/L, HRT of 1.5d and water temperature of 17~27°C, which meet the environmental requirements for anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria growth, and half-nitrosofication was achieved in the CANON reactor, which create good conditions for further enrichment of anammox bacteria for the operation of the CANON reactor.
The Study on the Practical Effects of the Polymer Emulsion Used to Solidify the Coal Powder
Authors: Hu De Dong , Du Xue Yong , Bai Wen Qin , Zhou Yu Hang , Ning Zhao Kuan
Published: September 2013

To increase the solidifying rate of the existing agent and strength of the solidified layer, the practical effects of the new polymer emulsion (NPE) to solidify the coal powder have been studied in this paper. The practical results show that the solidifying rate of NPE and the solidified layers strength both increase as the NPE concentration increase, and the minimum solidifying time is 10 minutes. The NPE would be widely used in solidifying the coal powder surface and suppressing the dust.
Experimental Study on Photocatalytic Oxidation of Reactive Gaudy Red-3B Dye Wastewater by Microwave Enhanced TiO2/AC Photocatalyst
Authors: Li Ya Feng , Liu Sha , Yang Xi
Published: September 2013

Using microwave enhanced TiO2/AC photocatalyst to photocatalytic oxidation reactive gaudy red dye wastewater.Inspected the influence of the microwave irradiation time and microwave power on the preparation process, and comparative study the influencing treatment effect factors like the initial concentration of wastewater, photocatalyst using times and photocatalyst dosage.The results showed that:the irradiation time is 1min on 520W ,the photocatalyst activity is the highest . The initial concentration of wastewater is 50mg/L, 10.0g/L of dosage, the best decolorization rate is 95.6%, Compared to the no enhanced, the improvement for photocatalyst increased by 8.7%., indicating that the microwave enhanced TiO2/AC photocatalyst can effectively improve the treatment effect of dye wastewater.
Influence of Alkalinity on Partial Nitrification Treating Domestic Sewage and the Microbial Community in MBR
Authors: Zhang Xiao Jing , Li Dong , Zhang Yu Long , He Yong Ping , Zhang Jie
Published: September 2013

Partial nitrification (PN) was rapidly started-up in a sequencing batch membrane bioreactor (MBR) treating domestic wastewater with low temperature (11~15°C), the influence of alkalinity on PN process and the feasibility to control the ratio of nitrite to ammonia in effluent were investigated through changing the ratio of Alkalinity/ammonia in influent. Results showed that effluent ratio can be controlled flexibly with the liner relationship between ammonia conversion and the ratio of alkalinity to ammonia when alkalinity is insufficient, whereas, that could be effectively achieved by the indicator role of alkalinity on nitrite. Phylogenetic results indicated the predominance ofNitrosomonasand the absence of theNitrosospirain the condition of insufficient alkalinity, which was consistent with the SEM results. FISH results suggested that lack of alkalinity presented little impact on the relative quantity of AOB.
Development and Evaluation of a Frequency Related Source Intensity Prediction Model of the Traffic Acoustic Noise
Authors: Ding Zhen Zhen , Zhao Jian Qiang , Chen Ying
Published: September 2013

Two expressway sections including the south section of the beltway in Xian and the start section of the Xi'an-Lantian expressway were selected in this study. By monitoring the acoustic noise level at different frequencies and vehicle speeds, a frequency related source intensity prediction model of the traffic acoustic noise was developed. Experimental results show that the spectrum distribution varies greatly among different kind of vehicles. The noise source intensity produced by large vehicles mainly distribute in low-frequency area. Different from large vehicles, medium vehicles mainly produce medium or high frequency noise, especially when the vehicle's speed is above 60 km/h. When the vehicle's speed is below 60 km/h, the acoustic noise intensity produced by the medium vehicles is relatively weak. The accuracy of the source intensity prediction model is further proved by comparing the predicted data, determined data, and the data obtained in the literature under similar experimental conditions.
Development Mode of Delta Mouth Bar
Authors: Wang Jun , Li Shao Hua , Shi Fu Lun , Hu Xiao Ling
Published: September 2013

Es2 8th sand group in Shengtuo oilfield is a typical braided river delta front deposition. Through depositional physical simulation, the development mode of mouth bar and its main controlling factors were summarized. Physical model and experiment scheme were set up according to similarity criterion and the depositional background in research area. One provenance and three times simulation was designed to simulate three single layers within Es2 8th sand group respectively. Development mode of mouth bar was summarized with three single mouth bars based on swing conditions of rivel estuary and two composite mouth bars according to whether they are developed at the same time.
Studies on Species Composition of Phytoplankton in Fuxian Lake of Yunnan, China
Authors: Zhu Gen Hai , Wang Chun Sheng , Liu Zhen Sheng , Ohtani Shuji
Published: September 2013

It was investigated and analyzed about the species composition of phytoplankton, and their relations to environmental factors sampled in spring, summer and autumn in 2001-2011 in Fuxian Lake (24o 21'~24o 38' N, 102o 49'12 "~102o 57'26"E). The phytoplankton from Fuxian lake included 78 species belong to 41 genera 25 family, 7 phyla. Chlorophyta was predominant, with consisted of 43.5% of total species number. Species number of phytoplankton appeared visible monthly variation. The main predominant phytoplankton species was Mougeotia bloodlei, which accounted for 42.94%~84.94% of total cell density of phytoplankton. The community structures of phytoplankton were consist of Mougeotia bloodlei, Chroococcus spp., Cyclotella spp., Ceratium hirundinella and Dinobryon sertularia.
Analysis of Wetland Value Assessment Methods
Authors: Han Mei , Wang Xiao Yan
Published: September 2013

Wetland science research has earned great attentions and wetland assessment is an important part of wetland science characterized by complex context and various assessment methods. What's more, there is not unified standard on the evaluation of wetland functions. This paper enumerates the commonly used evaluation methods for different functions of wetland both at home and abroad. The advantages, disadvantages, application range of each method and relevant outcomes were discussed, which can provide a reference for the wetland assessment in our country.