bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling (PDRC): The nanohybrid approach
Authors: Castaldo Anna , Gambale Emilia , Vitiello Giuseppe , Zinzi Michele
Published: October 2024

A set of new nanohybrid polymeric formulations containing silicon compounds (like T8 silsesquioxanes or SiC nanoparticles) and small organic molecules (like azulene) have been deposited on adhesive aluminium tape, characterized and exposed to the outdoor environment of Casaccia (Rome), monitoring their temperature. Results of the first month of external campaign show that they exhibit PDRC effects.
Raman spectroscopy advancements in heritage science
Authors: Botteon Alessandra , Lux Alberto , Realini Marco , Strobbia Pietro , Matousek Pavel , Vermeulen Marc , Conti Claudia
Published: October 2024

Micro-Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy (micro-SORS) is an advanced Raman technique that allows the non-destructive analysis of inner portions of cultural heritage artefacts, providing insights on their composition in a non-destructive way. The contribution delves into the methodological and technological advancements of micro-SORS at the CNR-ISPC Raman Spectroscopy Laboratory in Milan over the past decade. Developed in 2014, micro-SORS has become a versatile tool for characterizing artefacts from various historical periods and cultural contexts. Significant progress has been made in refining instrumentation and methodology, resulting in high-performance micro-SORS prototypes, including benchtop and portable systems. Key topics focus on investigating layered materials (e.g., paintings and painted objects) and studying the diffusion of conservation treatments and decay products into various substrates. The aim is to obtain information about the materials’ composition, the efficacy of treatments, and the conservation state of the objects under analysis. Additionally, mapping/imaging micro-SORS has been developed to reconstruct the distribution of compounds hidden by opaque layers, such as concealed text in sealed letters. Lastly, this presentation will cover challenges associated with in-situ micro-SORS analysis, including environmental constraints and data interpretation, and will explore strategies for overcoming these.
Characterization of degradation effects on wood ultrastructure by non-linear imaging
Authors: Dal Fovo Alice , Gagliardi Claudia , Fioravanti Marco , Cicchi Riccardo , Fontana Raffaella
Published: October 2024

The characterization of deterioration processes in wooden artifacts is crucial for assessing their state of conservation and ensuring their preservation. Advanced imaging techniques are currently being explored to study the effect of chemical changes on the structural and mechanical properties of wood. Combined second harmonic generation and two-photon excited fluorescence (SHG/TPEF) imaging is a recently introduced non-destructive method for the analysis of cellulose-based samples. The study of age-related wood degradation based on nonlinear signal variation is a promising avenue. This work involves nonlinear multimodal analysis of naturally aged and dendrochronologically dated spruce samples. SHG/TPEF imaging and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) were used to demonstrate the influence of molecular deterioration and rearrangement of biopolymers on the fluorescence emitted by lignin and the second harmonic signal generated by cellulose. Imaging based on spectral filter detection and time-resolved analysis of the nonlinear fluorescence signal was used to delineate and potentially quantify ageing-induced morpho-chemical changes in the ultrastructure of wood cells. The analysis of cell structures by optical sectioning revealed variations between wood samples of different ages and different cell structures.
Characterization of photoluminescent and Raman properties of ultramarine blue pigment variants with a novel multimodal approach
Authors: Carta Francesco , Osticioli Iacopo , Ciofini Daniele , Rita Amato Silvia , Burnstock Aviva , Secchi Piercesare , Comelli Daniela
Published: October 2024

Ultramarine Blue (UB) pigment, derived from lapis lazuli, holds a significant place in the history of late medieval and Renaissance Europe, owing to its unusually bright colour and stability. Its prohibitive price, which equalled that of gold, meant that it was only used by estimated artists. In this work we present a non-invasive, multimodal approach to the characterization of the photoluminescent properties of different variants of the pigment. The ultimate goal of this research is to propose a protocol for the identification of UB in artworks thanks to the combination of Raman spectroscopy and time resolved-photoluminescence spectroscopy and imaging.
LEGO® under stage light: Studying the ABS light-stability through a complementary multi-analytical approach
Authors: Samela Sabrina , Righetti Valentina , Bargagli Irene , Striova Jana , Rosi Francesca , Comelli Daniela
Published: October 2024

Throughout the 20th Century, plastics found extensive use in fashion, art, and design due to their versatile nature. However, their degradation over time poses challenges, impacting material integrity, particularly in museum collections. To tackle this issue, different scientific techniques have been employed to study polymers. In this work, a complementary multi-analytical approach is proposed to investigate the light stability of ABS compounds, selecting LEGO® bricks as reference material. The method is based on fluorescence emission and lifetime integrating point-like analysis and imaging systems to corroborate chemical and spatial information specifically addressed at the surface level. The latter has shown promising results in studying ABS objects, offering insights into degradation and aiding conservation efforts.
Integrating artificial intelligence into the simulation of structured laser-driven high harmonic generation
Authors: Pablos-Marín José Miguel , Schmidt David D. , de las Heras Alba , Westlake Nathaniel , Serrano Javier , Lei Yuhao , Kazansky Peter , Adams Daniel , Durfee Charles , Hernández-García Carlos
Published: October 2024

High harmonic generation (HHG) stands as one of the most complex processes in strong-field physics, as it enables the conversion of laser light from the infrared to the extreme-ultraviolet or even the soft x-rays, enabling the synthesis and control of pulses lasting as short as tens of attoseconds. Accurately simulating this nonlinear and non-perturbative phenomena requires the coupling the dynamics of laser-driven electronic wavepackets, described by the three-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation (3D-TDSE), with macroscopic Maxwell’s equations. Such calculations are extremely demanding due to the duality of microscopic and macroscopic nature of the process, thereby requiring the use of approximations. We develop a HHG method assisted by artificial intelligence that facilitates the simulation of macroscopic HHG within the framework of 3D-TDSE. This approach is particularly suited to simulate HHG driven by structured laser pulses. In particular, we demonstrate a self-interference effect in HHG driven by Hermite-Gauss beams. The theoretical and experimental agreement allows us to validate the AI-based model, and to identify a unique signature of the quantum nature of the HHG process.
Research on Digital Currency and Financial Technology Innovation of the People’s Bank of China
Authors: Li Boxuan
Published: October 2024

Digital currencies are becoming increasingly important to governments and financial institutions around the world as advanced technology develops. The central bank of China has led research on digital currency around the world since China has one of the largest electronic payment markets. With this digital currency, the People's Bank of China is promoting inclusive financial growth, enhancing monetary policy transmission, and improving payment efficiency. As well as its impact on international monetary systems, financial security, privacy protection, and financial security protection will also be profoundly affected. In this paper, the focus will be on the Chinese central bank's digital currency development, technical foundation, and application status. As well as analyzing its impact on future innovations in financial technology, opportunities and challenges will also be discussed. By developing a digital currency, China has expressed its interest in the future of the modern financial system in a positive way with forward-looking and responsive layouts. DCEP, as a new payment tool, aims to replace some cash and improve the speed and security of fund circulation. Compared with traditional electronic payment methods, CBDC is expected to bring breakthroughs in user privacy protection, reduced transaction costs, and improved cross-border payment convenience.
Exploration of Urban Development Models and Sustainable Development of Urban Economy in the Digital Process
Authors: Guo Xiaorui
Published: October 2024

With the advent of digitization, China’s urban development has entered a new era marked by growth of excellent quality. Properly addressing the public’s hopes for a better quality of life is crucial when proposing urban development ideas that adhere to a people-centered development strategy. An urban development theory grounded on the fundamental principles of digitization is developed by studying the ever-changing trajectory of technological progress. The concept of urban development influenced by the ever-changing interactions and feedback processes between digitalization and sustainable economic growth is explained by this framework. More specifically, it delves into the possibility of attaining high-quality development objectives by means of structural shifts and actionable understandings of sustainable urban economic growth. Consistently improving urban economic quality and boosting resident happiness, the goal of digital progress is to create a living environment that meets the expectations of urban inhabitants.
An Empirical Analysis of the Factors Affecting China’s Cross- Border E-Commerce Exports to RCEP Member Countries - Based on the Expanded Trade Gravity Model
Authors: Wei Tongxin
Published: October 2024

Exports of goods can now be facilitated across international borders through RCEP. China’s cross-border e-commerce exports to RCEP countries are examined in a panel study. This study examines how economy scale, geographical distance, openness to trade, and Internet technology level impact Chinese e-commerce exports across borders. Consequently, Chinese cross-border e-commerce exporters are advised to develop differentiated export strategies so as to improve export efforts, increase online marketing and promotion in low- and middle-income countries, and provide high-quality products and services in high- income countries.
Analysis of the Debt-paying Ability of Listed Companies: A Case Study Using BYD Company as a Sample
Authors: Zhuo Tonghui
Published: October 2024

This paper gives a complete knowledge of BYD’s financial performance through a thorough examination of its financial statements and related indicators. First, the history and development of BYD company are reviewed, and its main business scope and operating conditions are summarized to provide comprehensive background information for the subsequent solvency analysis. Second, this study uses the theoretical framework of solvency to define the important elements that influence solvency, as well as to introduce the generally used solvency evaluation indicators. Finally, in light of the research findings, a number of improvement solutions are offered, including asset structure adjustments and capital structure optimization, to improve BYD’s solvency. The study’s findings seek to provide investors, management, and researchers with a thorough grasp of BYD’s financial status, as well as practical ideas for future development.
How Animal-Assisted Therapy Cures Adolescents under Psychological Pressure
Authors: Lin Xinyi
Published: October 2024

Adolescents and others with mental health issues have a new and exciting option in animal- assisted therapy. It offers numerous benefits, such as reduced stress, more social support, better mood, increased physical activity, and a sense of purpose. In addition, animal therapy has been proven to help decrease depression symptoms in patients living in institutions. It boosts mood, relieves feelings of isolation and loneliness, develops empathic abilities, and boosts self-esteem and self-confidence. At the same time, engaging in tasks with animals encourages patients to be active and undertake routine self-care practices, fostering a therapeutic environment that is supportive and motivating. We want to learn how animal-assisted therapy helps de-stressed teenagers in this research. Anxieties, autism, and depression are some of the conditions that animal-assisted therapy may help alleviate. We are hoping that it may help with research in this area and provide some references for further study.
Research on Optimizing Elevator Operation Management Strategy Based on Mathematical Model Algorithm
Authors: Zhu Rongzhen
Published: October 2024

This article aims to study the optimized configuration scheme of four elevators in a 33-story building, to achieve the optimization of waiting time and running time. By establishing mathematical models and utilizing computer simulation methods, analyze and optimize the operation strategy of elevators. This article will provide a detailed introduction to the design and implementation process of optimization algorithms, and verify their effectiveness and feasibility through specific examples.
Research on the Development and Comparison of Cuisine in China, India, and Japan
Authors: Au EnTong
Published: October 2024

There are both similarities and differences in the cuisine cultures of China, India, and Japan. The cuisine of the Three Kingdoms was initially influenced by ancient China. However, as they developed their own unique cuisine cultures, they were influenced by various factors such as religion, geography, and history, carrying rich national culture and spirit. The similarities and differences in the cuisine of the Three Kingdoms, while rooted in daily dietary practices, hold significant research value. This paper will analyze and explore the characteristic similarities and differences among Chinese, Japanese, and Indian cuisines, and examine their shared traits and cultural significance.
The Impact of AI on Sustainable Development of The Labor Market
Authors: Ni Yiyu , Qi Min , Xie Chutian , Wu Yang
Published: October 2024

With the emergence of generative AI technologies like ChatGPT, the conversation has shifted increasingly toward the possibility that machines will take over human jobs. The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) poses a double challenge to job security and the labor market organization while also bringing about remarkable efficiencies and introducing fresh job sectors. The complex landscape requires intentional government intervention based on fundamental economic principles. Information asymmetry is emphasized in discussing AI’s incorporation into the labor market, utilizing Joseph Stiglitz’s information theory. Discrepancies in access to information about emerging technologies and the required skills for the AI-driven economy could exacerbate market inefficiencies and result in job loss. Stiglitz’s remarks underscore the crucial need for governments to actively address these information gaps to enhance market efficiency and promote worker well-being. Potential actions could involve promoting partnerships between educational institutions and businesses to align curriculum with evolving labor market demands and mandating that companies reveal the incorporation of AI into their practices to enhance the accuracy of workforce development plans. This paper analyses the role of government in harmonizing AI’s impact on the labor market, AI’s influence on labor market dynamics, and navigating job displacement in the AI era. In addition, the relevant recommendations are proposed.
A Study on the Efficiency of Resource Allocation and Influencing Factors in Secondary School Education in China
Authors: Zhu Rongzhen
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the effectiveness of resource allocation in China’s secondary school education system, as well as the variables that influence it. Key assessment indicators are discovered by a survey of relevant literature, such as the resource input-output ratio and resource allocation balance. The research uses quantitative analysis of data from different secondary schools throughout the country to provide an impartial evaluation of resource allocation efficiency. Furthermore, the research examines crucial aspects that influence efficiency, such as the regulatory environment, economic development levels, school administration methods, and allocation mechanisms. The results emphasize the need of optimizing resource allocation to improve educational quality. Based on these findings, the paper provides policy proposals to increase the efficiency and logical allocation of educational resources, as well as counsel for stakeholders in China’s secondary education system. The ultimate goal of this study is to help improve resource management and educational results.
Research on Exercise Intervention for Elderly People Based on Cognitive Function Improvement
Authors: Lin Xinqi
Published: October 2024

Against the backdrop of the increasingly significant global aging trend, the problem of cognitive decline in the elderly has received widespread attention from all sectors of society. This article first systematically reviews the relevant concepts of cognitive decline in the elderly, including its definition, main manifestations, and epidemiological characteristics, and deeply analyzes the various impacts of cognitive decline on the daily lives of the elderly. On this basis, the article focuses on exploring the theoretical basis, empirical research results, and mechanism of action of exercise intervention as a non-pharmacological treatment method for improving cognitive function in the elderly. Through a comprehensive evaluation of existing research, this article further proposes design principles and implementation strategies for elderly exercise intervention programs. It demonstrates the effectiveness and feasibility of exercise intervention in delaying cognitive decline in the elderly through specific case analysis. The article also proposes suggestions for future research directions, emphasizing the need to strengthen interdisciplinary cooperation, deeply explore the long-term effects of exercise intervention on cognitive function in the elderly, and optimize intervention plans to achieve more personalized and accurate health management services, providing scientific basis and practical guidance for addressing global aging challenges.
Research on Biodiversity and Ecological Environment Cycle: Interaction and Balance Mechanisms
Authors: Ye Xiche
Published: October 2024

Biodiversity and ecological environment cycling are two closely related aspects in nature which maintain the balance of the Earth’s life system through a series of complex interactions. Biodiversity, which refers to the richness of biological species and genetic diversity, provides multiple functions for ecosystems, including material cycling, energy flow, disease control, and more. The ecological environment cycle refers to the flow and redistribution of elements such as water, carbon, and nitrogen in the environment. These natural cycles play a crucial supporting role in maintaining biodiversity. Conversely, the level of biodiversity directly affects the efficiency and stability of element cycling. Currently, due to the impact of human activities, the ecological environment is facing unprecedented threats, and the rapid decline of biodiversity has exacerbated the vulnerability of the environmental cycling system. Therefore, understanding the interaction and balance mechanism between biodiversity and ecological environment cycling is of great significance for human beings in formulating sustainable management and protection strategies.
Research on the relationship between leadership style and team dynamics in high-performance teams
Authors: Kan Jiajun
Published: October 2024

Leadership style profoundly impacts team dynamics in building and maintaining high- performance teams. This article finds through comprehensive research that different leadership styles can stimulate team behavioral, emotional, and cognitive responses, affecting team performance and development. The study used a combination of quantitative analysis and case studies to investigate high- performance teams in different industries and deeply analyzed how leadership style affects team members’ participation, innovation ability, and collaboration efficiency. Research has shown that democratic leadership encourages team participation, improves the quality of decision-making processes, and enhances team adaptability. Transformational leadership has a significant impact on driving team innovation and can stimulate the potential of team members. Task-oriented leadership has improved team execution, especially with clear goals and urgent work phases. In addition, situational leadership theory also helps to understand the relationship between leadership style and team dynamics. Leaders should flexibly adjust their leadership strategies based on the team’s tasks and development stages.
Research on the Design Concept and Practice of Corporate Compliance Governance Systems
Authors: Tian Zhen
Published: October 2024

Considering the current global economic integration and the rapid development of the market economy, corporate compliance and governance involve compliance with legal regulations and many comprehensive issues, both internal and external. This paper briefly describes the design of corporate compliance and governance systems. First, the potential risks should be systematically identified and evaluated based on the corporation’s strategic objectives and operating environment. Second, the company should establish appropriate compliance policies and procedures to identify and minimize violations after assessing risks. In addition, it is necessary to set up a department responsible for daily compliance supervision and training to ensure that policies can be effectively implemented. Another important aspect is to establish a monitoring and evaluation mechanism. Managers should review and evaluate the governance system regularly or irregularly and identify and correct weaknesses in the system in a timely manner. At the same time, the establishment of internal and external communication mechanisms cannot be ignored. This will help strengthen mutual trust between enterprises and stakeholders and effectively meet the expectations of external regulators and the market.
A Study on the Influencing Factors of High School Students Coping Styles: The Mechanisms of Parental Parenting Styles, Emotional Regulation Self-Efficacy, and Emotional Intelligence
Authors: Bao Yunzan
Published: October 2024

This study delves into the influencing factors of high school students’ coping strategies, focusing on the mechanisms of parental upbringing, emotional regulation self-efficacy, and emotional intelligence. Firstly, this study reveals their diversity and complexity through an in-depth analysis of the basic manifestations and characteristics of high school students’ coping styles. Secondly, the study focused on the presentation of emotions in the coping process and explored the impact of emotional intelligence on coping strategies. Furthermore, this study analyzed from the perspective of causal analysis how factors such as parental parenting styles and emotional regulation self-efficacy affect high school students’ coping strategies. Finally, this study proposes a path selection for optimizing high school students’ coping strategies. It aims to provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for improving their mental health and coping abilities.
The Impact of the Mental Health Status of Athletes in Events + the Valuation of Athletes’ Value
Authors: Luo Tianzhuo
Published: October 2024

With the booming development of the sports industry, the valuation of athletes’ career value has received increasing attention. This paper discusses the impact of the mental health state of athletes’ in events on their career value from a psychological perspective, using the literature review method. It is found that, firstly, a good psychological state helps athletes to play stably and excel on the field, and the improvement of performance directly leads to the increase of commercial value. Secondly, a high psychological quality builds a positive professional image of athletes, a great ability of psychological adjustment prolongs their career, and an outstanding counter-intelligence contributes to the construction of personal brand, which are the key factors to enhance the commercial value. This study deepens the knowledge of the factors influencing athletes’ career value, which is instructive for the talent selection and breeding of professional sports clubs.
The liveweight, carcasses and meat quality of intact and castrated male lambs reared under a pasture-fed Australian production system
Authors: McGrath Shawn R. , Allworth M. Bruce , Stephens James , Henry Michelle L. E. , Holman Benjamin W. B.
Published: October 2024

Context Intact male (ram) lambs are often discounted by meat processors because of their perceived defective meat quality. Aims This study quantified the effects of castration on the liveweight, growth, carcass parameters and the meat quality of male lambs. Methods Liveweight, growth and carcass data were collected from 133 ram and 132 castrated (wether) lambs reared under a pasture-fed production system. A total of 50 lambs were subsequently selected, balanced by final curfew liveweight and castration status, to investigate additional carcass, meat quality, consumer sensory panel scores and colour stability parameters. Key results It was found that total average daily gains for ram lambs were highest (242.9 ± 5.2 g/day; P = 0.002), resulting from their higher pre-weaning growth rate of 327.7 ± 9.7 g/day (P < 0.001). Wethers were fattier, having higher estimated intramuscular fat (3.9 vs 3.3 ± 0.1%, respectively) and subcutaneous fat depth (14.7 vs 13.5 ± 0.4 mm, respectively) than ram lambs. Purge loss (P < 0.030) and ultimate pH (P < 0.035) were higher for the meat of wether lambs, but only after 32 days of wet ageing. Consumers scored the meat of wether lambs as significantly more tender (61.0 vs 54.6 ± 2.3%; P = 0.005) and of greater overall liking (65.1 vs 61.1 ± 2.0%; P = 0.044) than that of ram lambs. These, and a comparison of shear force, near infrared spectroscopy for intramuscular fat content and retail colour with consumer thresholds, suggest a general satisfaction with ram and wether lamb meat quality. Conclusions Collectively, there seems to be few tangible performance and meat quality advantages to the castration of male lambs. Implications Prime lamb producers must consider flock management and market preference when deciding on best practice.
Characterization of soil organic carbon at profile scale in two forest soils under pine and holm oak
Authors: Fernández-Getino García A. P.
Published: October 2024

Context It is essential to promote soil carbon sequestration as a means to mitigate climate change. Thus, it is fundamental to know the distribution of C in the soil at profile scale, the characteristics of humic substances as indicators of soil organic matter (SOM) turnover and their relationship with other soil properties. Aims Two forest ecosystems under pine and holm oak developed under a Meso-Mediterranean climate in Spain were used to characterize SOM through the complete sequence of layers of the soil profile. Methods General soil analysis, infrared spectroscopic analysis and soil color measurements were conducted for the characterization. Key results Humus form under oak was found to be Mull mesotrophic–Mull acid while humus under pine Moder oligotrophic. The infrared spectrum determined that oxidation of the humic acids was more complete in the deeper horizons. Relationships between intensities of the main spectral bands in both soils followed similar maximum and minimum sequence values. The total humic extract (THE) color measured by reflection was found inversely related to the THE color measured by transmission. In the same way, the color spectrum between 350 and 800 nm in the THE showed an inverse relation between hue/brightness and absorbance values. Conclusions Infrared analysis and color measurements provided evidence of a different level of stabilization of humic substances from each soil, and between the different horizons. Large spatial variability in soil organic carbon quantity and quality was observed. Implications Better understanding of carbon sequestration behavior in different soil ecosystems in its crucial role within the global carbon cycle
Closeness facilitating interaction among Japanese learners of English
Authors: Tu Stachus Peter
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the perceived effect of friendship on the difficulty arising from the fear of negative
evaluation experienced by Japanese university students when engaging in pair work and speaking English. Furthermore, this study
aims to determine the perceived effectiveness and opinions towards friendship-building activities in an L2 English classroom. The
investigations administer a questionnaire to students after 14 weeks of friendship-building activities that include icebreakers,
games, and randomly assigned seating. Students report their perceived level of difficulty when engaging in pair work and speaking
English with friends and non-friends. Additionally, students report on their perceived effectiveness and opinions towards
friendship-building activities. The investigations find that learners associate less difficulty with pair work and speaking
English among friends. Moreover, the results indicate that learners perceive friendships as a mitigator of the fear of negative
evaluation and its effects. The results also suggest that friendship-building activities facilitate the creation of friendships
and are perceived as necessary and positive by learners. The study promotes the use of friendship-building in the classroom,
particularly for learners with sociocultural backgrounds that are more prone to experiencing the fear of negative evaluation.
Using AI to expand the “Toolbox” for EAP writing instruction
Authors: Van de Poel Kris , Gasiorek Jessica
Published: October 2024

The recent advent of AI-based digital assistants such as ChatGPT offers the potential for a new tool in the
instructional “toolbox” for EAP courses. We report on a retrospective survey of students’ experiences using ChatGPT in first- and
second-year EAP core writing courses at a continental European university. Students reported that they saw ChatGPT as a social
agent, had moderately fluent experiences interacting with it, and had moderately positive perceptions of ChatGPT as an
instructional tool. Both self-reported fluency of the interaction and perceptions of ChatGPT’s social agentic qualities were
positively associated with perceptions of ChatGPT’s value as an instructional tool. Students reported that ChatGPT was less
helpful than their professors, and neither more nor less helpful than their peers. Implications for EAP instruction are
discussed.
The power of old ideas newly expressed
Authors: Bélanger-Vincent Ariane
Published: October 2024

This article tracks the legitimization practices deployed to change the discourse regarding coercive interventions to
protect human lives which, at the end of the 1990s, became both acceptable practices discussed in multilateral settings and deeply
controversial issues. It focuses on the “Responsibility to Protect” (R2P) and two important strategies. The first is the proposition to
change the ways in which we talk about (military) intervention for human protection purposes, i.e. a passage from “humanitarian
intervention” and the “right to intervene” towards R2P. The second is the practices that agents hoped would give legitimacy to their ideas,
especially regarding postcolonial states, historically skeptical and critical of humanitarian intervention. I argue that the agents were
able to reframe the debate using more legitimate discourse while adopting legitimization practices to raise the acceptability of R2P.
Lexical change is the only constant
Authors: Vindenes Urd , Eiesland Eli Anne , Laake Signe
Published: October 2024

In this study, we look at how language change is presented in two commonly used textbooks for Norwegian lower secondary school. Through thematic content analysis, we look at how linguistic change is presented as opposed to purely synchronic descriptions, as well as how linguistic changes are exemplified. We also look at which language periods are emphasized and how they are discussed. Our findings show that the textbooks mostly discuss languages as static systems and underemphasize how and why languages change. The changes that are presented are overwhelmingly lexical, while phonological, morphological, and syntactic changes are rarely mentioned. The explanations for change provided by the textbooks are mostly external to the linguistic system, such as language contact and politics. Lastly, the descriptions of language tend to be graphocentric. We discuss how this might contribute to a static and normative view of language among students.
Optimisation of plasma processes for decontamination of bacterial contaminants on polymeric food packaging materials
Authors: Maccaferri Caterina , Tomelleri Francesco , Gherardi Matteo , Laurita Romolo
Published: October 2024

Foodborne diseases present a global health challenge, with over 420 000 deaths annually. Packaging plays a vital role in food safety but can introduce hazards if contaminated. Traditional decontamination methods are energy-intensive or leave toxic residues. Cold plasma technology offers promising solutions for generating antimicrobial reactive species. This study optimises a plasma system for packaging decontamination, achieving high inactivation rates for Staphylococcus epidermidis (gram-positive) and Acinetobacter baumannii (gram-negative), respectively 3.5 and 4.7. Statistical analysis guide process optimisation, highlighting factors enhancing biocidal action: treatment chamber size reduction, high duty cycle, and mist injection. The system proves effective against both kinds of bacteria, with gram-negative bacteria showing higher sensitivity. The study focuses on optimising an innovative process, emphasising the process towards industrialisation and highlighting economic and environmental benefits. This investigation’s innovative approach aims to bridge the gap between laboratory prototypes and industrial applications.
A fuzzy control based strategy for adjusting band blade feed rate in constant power sawing
Authors: Chen Bing , Yang Wenzhang , Liu Zihao , Fu Jiahao , Liu Guoyue , Li Dongliang , Jia Yuzhen , Wu Jigang , Cheng Xiaoliang
Published: October 2024

The variable cross-sectional shape of the blank reduces the efficiency of the sawing machine. Additionally, the wear of the band saw blade causes a mismatch between the feed rate and the load, further exacerbating the wear. This study studied a feed rate control strategy considering sawtooth wear to balance the relationship between cutting efficiency and band life. Initially, speed parameters for the cut-in and cut-out areas, along with acceleration and deceleration control algorithms, were established to ensure the smooth transition of the saw blade during the machining process. Additionally, a constant power sawing feed rate model that considers the influence of wear was developed, enabling dynamic adjustments to the feed rate based on the saw blade’s wear state. This study also proposes a fuzzy control-based target current correction method, which dynamically adjusts the target current according to the current wear state of the saw blade, ensuring that sawing requirements were met under varying levels of wear. The accuracy of the sawing model and control strategy was verified through experiments. The results demonstrated that this strategy improved efficiency by 44% compared to the traditional uniform feed rate method. This study introduced a novel feed rate control strategy for sawing and offers an effective solution to the problem of saw tooth wear.
TMAA-net: tensor-domain multi-planal anti-aliasing network for sparse-view CT image reconstruction
Authors: Yun Sungho , Lee Seoyoung , Choi Da-in , Lee Taewon , Cho Seungryong
Published: October 2024

Objective. Among various deep-network-based sparse-view CT image reconstruction studies, the sinogram upscaling network has been predominantly employed to synthesize additional view information. However, the performance of the sinogram-based network is limited in terms of removing aliasing streak artifacts and recovering low-contrast small structures. In this study, we used a view-by-view back-projection (VVBP) tensor-domain network to overcome such limitations of the sinogram-based approaches. Approach. The proposed method offers advantages of addressing the aliasing artifacts directly in the 3D tensor domain over the 2D sinogram. In the tensor-domain network, the multi-planal anti-aliasing modules were used to remove artifacts within the coronal and sagittal tensor planes. In addition, the data-fidelity-based refinement module was also implemented to successively process output images of the tensor network to recover image sharpness and textures. Main result. The proposed method showed outperformance in terms of removing aliasing artifacts and recovering low-contrast details compared to other state-of-the-art sinogram-based networks. The performance was validated for both numerical and clinical projection data in a circular fan-beam CT configuration. Significance. We observed that view-by-view aliasing artifacts in sparse-view CT exhibit distinct patterns within the tensor planes, making them effectively removable in high-dimensional representations. Additionally, we demonstrated that the co-domain characteristics of tensor space processing offer higher generalization performance for aliasing artifact removal compared to conventional sinogram-domain processing.
Ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) as a flexible capacitor: an experimental study
Authors: Napollion Liya , Kim Kwang J
Published: October 2024

In recent years, significant research has been directed towards the development of energy storage devices that are thin, lightweight, and flexible, catering to the diverse demands of modern smart electronics. This study investigates the remarkable adaptability of ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) capacitors when subjected to bending conditions. Under investigation was the capacitor’s functionality within a broad spectrum of bending angles, ranging from 0

∘

to 100

∘

. The study aims to reveal the capacitor’s response and stability across this expansive curvature range, providing insights into its potential applications in flexible and dynamic systems. The flexibility of the supercapacitor allows it to bend or fold up to

180
∘

without experiencing permanent mechanical deformation. The calculated specific capacitance values obtained by bending the cell at angles of 0, 40, 70, and 100

∘

are found to be 4.3, 6.4, 8.2, and 8.4 mF g−1 respectively. The result displayed the IPMC capacitor exhibited notable resilience under varying bending angles, affirming its capacity to maintain operational integrity despite significant mechanical stress. Through a systematic exploration of bending conditions, this research unveils the capacitor’s ability to flexibly conform to various bending angles. This adaptability is particularly significant for applications where traditional rigid capacitors may be impractical or inefficient.
Research on the Positioning and Tracking Technology of Surgical Instruments Based on Laser Localization
Authors: Chen Weirong , Liu Baolong
Published: October 2024

Addressing the complexities and low accuracy of traditional surgical instrument positioning processes, a low-cost, high-precision surgical instrument tracking and positioning strategy is proposed. By integrating the VR laser positioning system, Lighthouse, with oral medicine, the positioning process and principles of the system are elucidated. Based on the initial system calibration, static positioning accuracy tests were conducted, and the positioning and tracking of the surgical instrument endpoints were achieved through the least squares method. Experimental results demonstrate that both static and dynamic positioning errors of the system are less than 0.3mm, meeting the requirements of oral surgical navigation.
The Deconstitutionalization of European Union Fundamental Rights in the United Kingdom
Authors: O'Connor Niall
Published: October 2024

The aim of this chapter is to assess the consequences of the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union (Brexit) for the ongoing value of competing EU-derived economic freedoms and fundamental social rights within that country’s domestic legal order. It will be shown that Union fundamental rights concepts have an ongoing—albeit indirect—influence both within domestic law but also through those legal arrangements governing the United Kingdom’s departure from—and new relationship with—the European Union. Brexit also provides an avenue for exploring the ‘deconstitutionalization’ of Union fundamental rights, including the potentially differing consequences for the embedding of economic freedoms and fundamental social rights within domestic employment law. It is further suggested that the European Union’s reaction to Brexit included a recommitment to the protection of social rights within the Union legal order.
Mere Machinery
Authors: Funk Kellen R
Published: October 2024

This chapter chronicles the advent of the Field Code of Procedure, first enacted in 1848 in New York. Often claimed a prize for Jacksonian Democracy, the code actually relied on a Whig coalition to succeed politically. During the few years of Whig ascendance in New York, reformers developed a practical theory of law that would become a mainstay of American jurisprudence. In this theory, the Anglo-American tradition of pleading writs and remedies was recast as “civil procedure,” a benign field of regulation that left the real, substantive law undisturbed while simply instructing the courts how to administer the law. In a favorite metaphor of the industrial age, procedure provided the “machinery of the law,” but only the machinery. Codification could thus tinker with and improve the machine without capturing or interfering with the supposedly more fundamental matters of law that had to remain outside or beyond legislative politics. Controversial and contested both then and afterward, the machinery idea was assisted by reforms that helped facilitate merchant credit and so secured an uneasy compromise that spurred the code’s acceptance in New York.
The Code American
Authors: Funk Kellen R
Published: October 2024

This chapter surveys the eventual retrenchment of code practice within American legal institutions, starting with the ascension of David Dudley Field to the presidency of the American Bar Association (ABA) in the late 1880s. Fifty years elapsed between the ABA’s call for a “code of procedure for the Union” and the enactment of the 1938 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. The project of federal codification outlived Field and his Jacksonian colleagues and was carried out by a new generation of codifiers and proceduralists trained in Field’s system. For that to happen, the Field Code had to win its way in the law schools and the educational regimens of young lawyers trained to view procedure as machinery and codification as modern technology. This chapter recounts how, although the task took far longer than Field envisioned, his code eventually marched through the institutions of treatise literature, law school education, and finally federal legislation to entrench the power and prestige of lawyers in American society.
The Swearer’s Prayer
Authors: Funk Kellen R
Published: October 2024

This chapter considers the Field Code’s prescriptions for testimonial oaths and its extension of oathtaking to all pleadings. In the same era that mainstream American evangelicals questioned whether a gentle God could damn souls to hell, Field’s procedure code sought to sunder any remaining connection between the legal system and Christian ideas of perdition by relocating the obligations of truth-telling entirely within a temporal legal system. Under the code, perjury prosecutions and especially the skillful cross-examination of counsel were thought to sufficiently deter and detect falsehood without further reliance on theology. But history did not unfold as neatly as the codifiers expected; instead of replacing oaths, the codes exponentially multiplied them, dramatically increasing the legal system’s reliance on swearing. Although the theological ground underlying the oath shifted over time, many American lawyers remained committed to the notion that some threat of divine displeasure was required to make the oath do its work. Instead of spurring a secular rationalization of evidence law, the codifiers’ uptake of racial science convinced them of the limits of forensic investigation. Concerned that racialized minorities could not be forced by temporal penalties into testifying truthfully, code lawyers ultimately refused to consign threats of perdition to a premodern legal past.
Comparative Effectiveness of Ozanimod and Vedolizumab as First-Line Advanced Therapies in Ulcerative Colitis: A Propensity-Matched Cohort Analysis
Authors: Kochhar Gursimran S , Khataniar Himsikhar , Hashash Jana G , Tabaku Fjona , Regueiro Miguel , Farraye Francis A , Desai Aakash
Published: October 2024

Introduction

There is limited real-world evidence comparing the effectiveness of ozanimod to vedolizumab as first-line advanced therapies in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC).

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using TriNetX, a multi-institutional US database in adults with UC who were initiated on ozanimod compared to vedolizumab between January 1, 2021 and 22 June, 2024. The primary outcome was to compare the risk of a composite outcome of corticosteroid use, colectomy, or change to another advanced therapy between the 2 cohorts within 12 months. 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) was performed for demographics, comorbid conditions, disease extent, laboratory parameters, and previous corticosteroid use. The risk was expressed as an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% CIs.

Results

We identified 222 patients in the ozanimod cohort (mean age 41.2 ± 15.7, 46.3% male sex, 68% White, and 22.5% ulcerative proctitis), and 4145 patients in the vedolizumab cohort (mean age 47.4 ± 18.3, 45.2% male sex, 69.7% White, and 17.2% ulcerative proctitis). After PSM, there was no significant difference in the risk of the composite outcome (aOR 0.92, 95% CI, 0.63-1.36) and corticosteroid use (aOR 0.80, 95% CI, 0.53-1.18) between the 2 cohorts within 12 months. There was a higher risk of change in therapy in the ozanimod cohort (aOR 1.95, 95% CI, 1.09-3.49) compared to the vedolizumab cohort. Colectomy rates were low in both cohorts (<0.04%).

Conclusions

Our real-world study showed that ozanimod use is associated with similar corticosteroid use but higher odds of a change in therapy compared to vedolizumab when used as first-line therapy in patients with UC. Further prospective studies are needed to understand long-term outcomes.