bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study about Using of Polymeric Materials for Improving Hand Hygiene Quality for Healthcare Staff
Authors: Dinu Eleonora , Repanovici Angela , Nemet Codruta
Published: August 2022

The study aims to evaluate the quality of hand hygiene for different categories of employees in the health system. An analysis of the observance of the correct hand washing steps is performed using the observation method at six hospitals in Brasov, Romania. The results are compared with those obtained using the Semmelweis Scanner device, produced by the Hand in Scan company in Budapest; this is a digital control system. Immediate, objective feedback on the quality of the completion of the hand disinfection technique is obtained. The system requires Ultra Violet ‐UV‐ light. The aspect regarding the presence of polymeric materials like varnish and the nail polish on the nails of the medical staff is followed. The sample consists of 553 volunteers. There are no statistically significant differences between the three categories of healthcare staff when the compliance to the World Health Organization recommendations regarding nail hygiene is concerned (67.24% compliance in physicians compared to 66.10% in nurses and 67.60% in auxiliary staff, respectively). Surprisingly, the presence of gel coated nails is a protection factor with statistically significant p value after objectivation with Semmelweis scanner.
Rehabilitation of Working Platforms for 3d Printing Device on Metal
Authors: Tulică Alexandru Constantin , Drugă Nicolae Corneliu , Şerban Ionel , Roşca Ileana Constanta
Published: August 2022

The 3D printing device on metal uses the technological process—selective laser melting, through which dental works with precision and speed can be printed. The dental works are printed on the surface of a metal platform, their attachment being with the help of supports. It is important that this study can rehabilitate the platforms on which the printing is done, by rectification, through several steps, namely: removal of residues (metal supports of dental work), smoothing the work platform with a device that has an abrasive material, washing them under a stream of hot water, so that the grease residues are removed, then keep them in a clean environment.
Manufacturing and Characterization of Interply Hybrid Polymeric Biocomposite Material Reinforced with Glass and Carbon Fibers
Authors: Mihoc Alexandru Bejinaru , Repanovici Angela , Drugă Corneliu , Serban Ionel , Mit Leonard
Published: August 2022

The objective of this study is to investigate the mechanical properties of the polymeric composite hybrid type interply reinforced with glass fibers GF and carbon fibers CF with the structure of the material consisting of: a) three layers CF:GF with the sequence [CF/GF/CF]; b) five layers CF:GF with the sequence: 1) [CF/GF/CF/GF/CF] and 2) [CF/CF/GF/CF/CF]. The GF:CF hybrid biocomposite interply type is made using the working methodology based on the Liquid resin Infusion (LRI) and Vacuum infusion techniques. The general mechanical properties are evaluated experimentally using standard tensile and bending tests using five specimens made according to ASTM standards. Based on the experimental results and the diagrams obtained at the tensile and bending tests of the hybrid polymeric biocomposite type interply comparisons are made regarding the mechanical properties of the composite for each type of structure. The general results confirm, from a mechanical point of view, the usefulness of this type of composite for engineering and biomedical applications.
Characterization of the Properties of the Biocomposite Material 15 mass% HA/PLA
Authors: Mihoc Alexandru Bejinaru , Repanovici Angela , Druga Corneliu , Serban Ionel , Mitu Leonard , Rosca Ileana
Published: August 2022

The objective of this study is to investigate the mechanical properties and visco‐elastic coefficients of the biocomposite material 15 mass% HA/PLA. The biocomposite material is manufactured using known technology: extrusion‐composition followed by injection molding. The general mechanical properties are evaluated experimentally using standard tensile and bending tests using five specimens made according to ASTM standards. The vasco‐elastic behavior is investigated using the DMA AR‐G2 Rheometer. The paper also investigates the microstructure of the mechanically stressed specimen breaking surface. Following the experimental research, a database is obtained in numerical form, diagrams, and fractographic images. The paper presents conclusions regarding the mechanical and dynamic behavior of the biocomposite material 15 mass% HA/PLA. The general results of the study provide practical guidance on the usefulness of biocomposite material 15 mass% HA/PLA for orthopedic biomedical applications.
Numerical Assessment on the Fatigue Behavior of Composite Open‐Hole Tensile Specimens
Authors: Russo Angela , Russo Federica , Palumbo Concetta , Riccio Aniello
Published: August 2022

This paper deals with the fatigue failure of composite coupon characterized by circular hole and subjected to tensile cyclic loading conditions. A limited sensitivity analysis has been performed to study the onset and propagation of intralaminar damages, in terms of fibers and matrix failure. The residual strength material properties degradation model, proposed by Shokrieh and Lessard, has been implemented in the FEM code ANSYS Mechanical and employed to study the damages induced by stress concentrations and assess the effects of the stacking sequence and the geometrical parameters on the fatigue damage.
On the Use of Digital Image Correlation to Assess the Damage Behavior of Composite Coupons Under Compression
Authors: Acanfora Valerio , Russo Angela , Sellitto Andrea , Toscano Cinzia , Alfano Davide , Zarrelli Mauro , Riccio Aniello
Published: August 2022

A strong increase in the use of composite materials has been observed in all the industrial fields, related to manufacturing of lightweight load‐bearing components. However, despite the excellent mechanical properties that characterize such innovative materials, uncertainties still exist on their complex failure mechanisms. Hence, the use of non‐destructive techniques and experimental tests is needed to increase the understanding of composite materials damage evolution. This paper deals with the use of the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique to investigate the failure mechanisms of delaminated composite panels under compressive loading conditions, accounting for the complex phenomena related to unstable delamination growth due to buckling snap‐through. The panels have been produced by tuning manufacturing parameters to test their influence on toughening mechanisms such as fiber bridging. The main aim is to understand how to improve laminate out‐of‐plane performance and delay the delamination growth phenomenon. The obtained data in terms of strain and displacements distributions has been used to assess the phenomenon of delamination propagation related to local delamination and global panels’ instabilities.
Modeling and Simulation of Hybrid Polymeric Elastic Adhesive Interface for Transducers
Authors: Ispas Alexandru , Băcioi Eugen , Chivu Oana , Dan Nițoi , Milicescu Stefan
Published: August 2022

Ultrasounds are oscillations in the field of 18 KHz… .100 KHz, which has proven its applicability through many applications starting from the industrial field (ultrasonic defectoscopy, ultrasonic cleaning, etc.) pass through the field of consumer goods (ultrasonic motors, systems operating cameras, high‐precision microscopes, etc.) and reach the medical field such as ultrasound investigations, extremely used today. One of the less known and very new applications at present, but which is trying to make a very important contribution in the field of ecotechnology is the filtration of air by ultrasonic cavitation. In order to achieve air filtration using the phenomenon of ultrasonic cavitation, the ultrasonic system consisting mainly of the ultrasonic transducer must be optimally attached to the lower part of the tank where the air filtration process takes place. In this sense, by modeling and simulation by the finite element method, the thickness of the adhesive layer is determined so that the phenomenon of ultrasonic cavitation to occur efficiently and for a long operating time. Considering the phenomenon of ultrasonic cavitation, the presented research proposes a new method of industrial air filtration in which impurities and inhomogeneities of impure air are germs for the formation of cavitation bubbles so that this phenomenon will lead to their elimination resulting in a higher quality filtered air. The phenomenon of ultrasonic cavitation occurs due to a system of piezoceramic transducers mounted on the bottom of tank. One of the very important problems during the experiments is the fixation of the piezoceramic transducer system on the bottom surface of the tank. This is done with the help of a silicone adhesive that must allow an optimal transfer of the ultrasonic oscillations from the ultrasonic transducer. Thus, determining the thickness of the silicone adhesive layer becomes very important and this is done by performing a modal analysis using the finite element method.
Contributions Regarding Testing and Analysis with Finite Element Method of the Brake Pads Made of Composite Material
Authors: Petriceanu Constantin , Niṭoi Dan , Anania Florea , Chivu Oana , Milicescu Stefan
Published: August 2022

The automotive industry continues to be one of the most dynamic and innovative. A revolution in propulsion systems that are becoming increasingly complex and must meet a number of extremely stringent environmental pollution requirements is currently witnessed. On the other hand, one of the systems that remains unchanged is the braking system that has been proving its efficiency for a very long time but with gradual continuous improvements. The presented work is based on tests and experiments performed in collaboration with the manufacturer Fermit S.A. which is one of the most experienced and long‐standing actors in the automotive industry in Romania. They produce a wide range of brake pads for the automotive, heavy duty, and railway industries. Starting from the experiments that offer the input data in the modeling and simulation activity, the paper presents the analysis of the behavior of a braking plate produced by Fermit S.A. Based on the geometry provided by the manufacturer, the properties of the composite material that forms the basis of the braking element and the experimental data that are presented, an analysis is made with finite elements in which to study, analyze, and interpret data such as displacements and stress states that occur in the structure formed by the composite material and the metal support plate on which it is deposited.
Intelligent Link between Lean Manufacturing and the Cyber‐Physical Industry 4.0 System
Authors: Ionel R. Dănuţ‐Sorin , Lamanna Giuseppe , Opran Constantin Gheorghe
Published: August 2022

The edge of manufacturing automation is considered the Lean Production System, who allows to reduce complexity, optimize resources, and eliminate waste in order to increase efficiency, flexibility, and profitability. By using advanced technologies, the production system and manufacturing processes can achieve an intelligent automation level, called Industry 4.0. Moving to Manufacturing 4.0 level is possible by separating active and passive physical manufacturing resources and creating corresponding cyber‐physical systems. In this way, the intelligent manufacturing system is realized. According to this theory, defining and integration of Lean tools at the cyber physical level opens the way to apply Lean principles and techniques, and to create a dynamic Lean‐Industry 4.0 manufacturing architecture. The main challenge of this paperwork is to propose a solution for upgrading of an Industry 3 molding cell for polymeric products to Lean 4.0 manufacturing system level.
Industrial Applications of Lattice Structures in Components Made with EBM Additive Technology
Authors: Vassallo Francesca , Buono Mario , Franchitti Stefania , Borrelli Rosario , Pirozzi Carmine , Lamanna Giuseppe
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study is to promote the industrial use of “lattice” structures in metal components made with Electron Beam Melting (EBM) technology.

The degree of customization and the level of geometric complexity achieved with EBM technology in the production of metal components in the Aerospace and Racing sectors, favors the use of lighter and more performing designs characterized by reticular (or “lattice”) structures. Starting from the original massive design of the component and taking into account the geometric constraints and load conditions acting on the component, the search for the new design takes place in a software environment through the topological optimization process. At the end of the process, the optimized design is created by replacing the solid parts with a unit cell that is repeated periodically. From the comparison between the component with original layout, built using the standard Melt theme of EBM technology, and the equivalent component with optimized layout, created with the Net theme of the same technology, the advantage of using reticular structures to lighten the components and the possibility offered by EBM technology to practically implement these structures are highlighted.

The search for lighter and more performing designs for metal components promotes the use of “lattice” structures, which can be created by exploiting the potential of Additive Manufacturing technologies.

The possibility of creating very complex geometries makes EBM technology perfect for sectors where particular characteristics are required in the components produced, such as the Aerospace and the Racing sector. The existence of the Net theme also ensures that it is possible to print reticular structures with EBM technology, that allow to reduce the weight of the components and, at the same time, improve performance.
The “Hot Cross Bun Sign” in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Types 2 and 7–Case Reports and Review of Literature
Authors: Naidoo Ansuya Kasavelu , Wells Cait‐Lynn Deanne , Rugbeer Yashvir , Naidoo Neil
Published: August 2022

Background

The “hot cross bun” sign is a cruciform hyperintensityisseen on T2 weighted imaging within the pons. The sign is considered to be pathognomic for Multiple system atrophy type C. The clinical and radiological features of Multiple system atrophy type C overlap with the autosomal dominant inherited ataxias. We present a case series of 3 African patients with genetically proven Spinocerebellar Ataxia presenting with the Hot cross bun sign and a scoping review of similar studies.

Cases

We described the phenotypic and radiological presentation of genetically confirmed SCA‐2 in two, and SCA‐7 in one patient, with the “hot cross bun” sign.

Literature Review

We performed a scoping review on the Hot Cross Bun Sign.

A total of 66 articles were retrieved. We describe the diverse aetiologies of the sign and associated phenotypic and radiological features. We review the Spinocerebellar Ataxias described with a Hot cross bun sign and make comparisons to Multiple System Atrophy Type C [Ref. 1,2].

Conclusions

To our knowledge this is the first description of an African cohort presenting with the Hot Cross Bun Sign. We expand the differential diagnosis of the Hot Cross Bun Sign.
Fine Particulate Matter Triggers α‐Synuclein Fibrillization and Parkinson‐like Neurodegeneration
Authors: Yuan Xin , Yang Yingxu , Liu Chaoyang , Tian Ye , Xia Danhao , Liu Zehua , Pan Lina , Xiong Min , Xiong Jing , Meng Lanxia , Zhang Zhaohui , Ye Keqiang , Jiang Haiqiang , Zhang Zhentao
Published: August 2022

Background

The deposition of α‐synuclein (α‐Syn) in the brain is the pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). Epidemiological data indicate that exposure to fine particulate matter (≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter [PM2.5]) is associated with an increased risk for PD.

Objective

The aim of this study is to investigate whether PM2.5 has a direct effect on α‐Syn pathology and how it drives the risk for PD.

Methods

PM2.5 was added into α‐Syn monomers and different cell models to test whether PM2.5 can promote the fibrillization and aggregation of α‐Syn. α‐Syn A53T transgenic mice and α‐Syn knockout mice were used to investigate the effects of PM2.5 on PD‐like pathology.

Results

PM2.5 triggers the fibrillization of α‐Syn and promotes the formation of α‐Syn fibrils with enhanced seeding activity and neurotoxicity. PM2.5 also induces mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Intrastriatal injection or intranasal administration of PM2.5 exacerbates α‐Syn pathology and dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in α‐Syn A53T transgenic mice. The detrimental effect of PM2.5 was attenuated in α‐Syn knockout mice.

Conclusions

Our results identify that PM2.5 exposure could promote the α‐Syn pathology, providing mechanistic insights into how PM2.5 increases the risk for PD. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Development of a real‐time in vivo dosimetry tool for electron beam therapy using a flexible thin film solar cell coated with scintillator powder
Authors: Jeong Seonghoon , An Seohyeon , Kwon Yong‐Cheol , Pak Sang‐il , Cheon Wonjoong , Shin Dongho , Lim Young Kyung , Jeong Jong Hwi , Kim Haksoo , Lee Se Byeong
Published: August 2022

Purpose

A real‐time solar cell based in vivo dosimetry system (SC‐IVD) was developed using a flexible thin film solar cell and scintillating powder. The present study evaluated the clinical feasibility of the SC‐IVD in electron beam therapy.

Methods

A thin film solar cell was coated with 100 mg of scintillating powder using an optical adhesive to enhance the sensitivity of the SC‐IVD. Calibration factors were obtained by dividing the dose, measured at a reference depth for 6–20 MeV electron beam energy, by the signal obtained using the SC‐IVD. Dosimetric characteristics of SC‐IVDs containing variable quantities of scintillating powder (0–500 mg) were evaluated, including energy, dose rate, and beam angle dependencies, as well as dose linearity. To determine the extent to which the SC‐IVD affected the dose to the medium, doses at R90 were compared depending on whether the SC‐IVD was on the surface. Finally, the accuracy of surface doses measured using the SC‐IVD was evaluated by comparison with surface doses measured using a Markus chamber.

Results

Charge measured using the SC‐IVD increased linearly with dose and was within 1% of the average signal according to the dose rate. The signal generated by the SC‐IVD increased as the beam angle increased. The presence of the SC‐IVD on the surface of a phantom resulted in a 0.5%–2.2% reduction in dose at R90 for 6–20 MeV electron beams compared with the bare phantom. Surface doses measured using the SC‐IVD system and Markus chamber differed by less than 5%.

Conclusions

The dosimetric characteristics of the SC‐IVD were evaluated in this study. The results showed that it accurately measured the surface dose without a significant difference of dose in the medium when compared with the Markus chamber. The flexibility of the SC‐IVD allows it to be attached to a patient's skin, enabling real‐time and cost‐effective measurement.
Diagnosis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Authors: Allen Jeffrey A. , Lewis Richard A.
Published: August 2022

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a chronic immune‐mediated peripheral form of polyneuropathy. No reliable diagnostic biomarkers are available by which to make the diagnosis of CIDP. As a result, diagnosis of the condition can be challenging. Many patients are not recognized early in the disease course, and on the other end of the spectrum both establishing early and accurate diagnosis as well as avoiding misdiagnosis and overtreatment. Identification of the hallmark clinical, electrophysiological, and laboratory features of the disease are critical to facilitate rapid diagnosis, while an understanding of diagnostic pitfalls can help prevent misdiagnosis. Since the original description of CIDP in the 1970s, over 15 sets of diagnostic criteria have been proposed. The criteria published in 2021 by the European Academy of Neurology / Peripheral Nerve Society (EAN/PNS) were developed for use during routine clinical care and are available in the public domain. These criteria provide clinicians with an invaluable resource by which the data collected during the evaluation of the patient with possible CIDP can be interpreted. One point of importance that bridges diagnosis to treatment is objectification of the treatment response. Interpretation of how patients respond to treatment drives both long‐term treatment paradigms and the diagnosis at which these treatments are aimed. Although no approach is perfect, utilization of strength impairment and disability outcomes in clinical practice can help unravel the difficulties in interpreting response to treatment. Just as improvement in these outcomes is considered diagnostically supportive, the absence of objective benefit argues against it and should prompt reconsideration of a CIDP diagnosis.
Low‐cost inductively coupled stacked wireless RF coil for MRI at 3 T
Authors: Lu Ming , Chai Shuyang , Zhu Haoqin , Yan Xinqiang
Published: August 2022

Inductively coupled RF coils are an inexpensive and simple method to realize wireless RF coils in MRI. They are low cost and can greatly ease the MR scan setup and improve patient comfort, since they do not require bulky components such as cables, baluns, preamplifiers, and connectors. Previous works have typically used single‐layer loops as wireless coils. In this work, we present a novel wireless coil, where two loops are stacked and decoupled with a shared capacitor. We found that such a stacked structure could increase the coil efficiency and SNR. Compared with the single‐layer wireless coil, both electromagnetic simulation and MR experiment results demonstrate that the stacked wireless coil has a considerable SNR improvement of approximately 35%.
Accessibility of care plan information from previous treatment setting in palliative care unit: A qualitative study
Authors: Kuusisto Anne , Saranto Kaija , Korhonen Päivi , Haavisto Elina
Published: August 2022

Aim

To describe accessibility of care plan information from patients' previous treatment setting in palliative care.

Design

A qualitative descriptive study.

Methods

A total of 33 nurses, social workers and physicians were interviewed. Data were analysed by deductive and inductive content analysis. The Fit between Individuals, Task and Technology (FITT) framework was used as a deductive analysis framework.

Results

Individual‐task Fit was described in relation to professional‐specific care plan information in palliative care and use of time to obtain care plan information. Individual‐technology Fit was described in relation to health informatics competencies and HIS usability. Task‐technology Fit was described in relation to interoperability between care settings and healthcare providers and lack of interoperability between care settings and healthcare providers.

Relevance to clinical practice

The study confirms the need to review the HIS as a whole from a holistic and patient‐oriented perspective to ensure the continuity of palliative care.
Analysis of hope level and its influencing factors in patients with decompensated cirrhosis
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Xie Ling , Li Fen , Huo Chunyan , Miao Yanling , Wang Lining , Ding Caiyan
Published: August 2022

Aim

The aim of this study was to examine hope level and its influencing factors in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis.

Design

A prospective observational study.

Methods

We selected 93 patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis from a Chinese university hospital based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A general information questionnaire and Herth Hope Index were used, and multiple linear regression identified factors associated with the patients' hope level.

Results

The participants' average hope level was 32.01 ± 6.14 (moderate). The hope score's highest and lowest dimensions were “interconnectedness” (11.29 ± 2.17) and “temporality and future” (10.12 ± 2.28), respectively. Multiple linear regression showed that education level and monthly per capita income were independent influencing factors (p < .05). These variables explained 38.3% of the variation in hope.

Conclusion

The participants' hope level was not optimal. Thus, medical staff should pay special attention to patients with low education level and poor economic status, and guide them to adopt a positive attitude.
Pre‐ and post‐stroke oral antithrombotics and mortality in patients with ischaemic stroke
Authors: García Rodríguez Luis A. , Gaist David , Balabanova Yanina , Brobert Gunnar , Sharma Mike , Cea Soriano Lucía
Published: August 2022

Background

Reducing stroke occurrence requires the effective management of cardiovascular and other stroke risk factors.

Purpose

To describe pre‐ and post‐stroke medication use, focusing on antithrombotic therapy and mortality risk, in individuals hospitalised for ischaemic stroke (IS) in the United Kingdom.

Method

Using primary care electronic health records from the United Kingdom, we identified patients hospitalised for IS (July 2016–September 2019) and classed them into three groups: atrial fibrillation (AF) diagnosed pre‐stroke, AF diagnosed post‐stroke, and non‐AF stroke (no AF diagnosed pre‐/post‐stroke). We determined use of cardiovascular medications in the 90 days pre‐ and post‐stroke and calculated mortality rates.

Results

There were 3201 hospitalised IS cases: 76.2% non‐AF stroke, 15.7% AF pre‐stroke, and 8.1% AF post‐stroke. Oral anticoagulant (OAC) use increased between the pre‐ and post‐stroke periods as follows: 54.3%–78.7% (AF pre‐stroke group), 2.3%–84.8% (AF post‐stroke group), and 3.4%–7.3% (non‐AF stroke group). Corresponding increases in antiplatelet use were 30.8%–35.4% (AF pre‐stroke group) 38.5%–47.5% (AF post‐stroke group), and 37.5%–87.3% (non‐AF stroke group). Among all IS cases, antihypertensive use increased from 66.8% pre‐stroke to 78.8% post‐stroke; statin use increased from 49.6%–85.2%. Mortality rates per 100 person‐years (95% CI) were 17.30 (14.70–20.35) in the AF pre‐stroke group and 9.65 (8.81–10.56) among all other stroke cases.

Conclusion

Our findings identify areas for improvement in clinical practice, including optimising the level of OAC prescribing to patients with known AF, which could potentially help reduce the future burden of stroke.
Ancient plastid genomes solve the tree species mystery of the imperial wood “Nanmu” in the Forbidden City, the largest existing wooden palace complex in the world
Authors: Jiao Lichao , Lu Yang , Zhang Ming , Chen Yongping , Wang Zhaoshan , Guo Yu , Xu Chao , Guo Juan , He Tuo , Ma Lingyu , Gao Wenqiang , Wang Jie , Zhou Shiliang , Zhang Yonggang , Jiang Xiaomei , Baas Pieter , Yin Yafang
Published: August 2022

Societal Impact Statement

Combining natural and social science approaches to conduct archeological research on wooden cultural relics is important for exploring major aspects of ancient civilizations. The Forbidden City in Beijing, China, is the largest existing wooden palace complex in the world. We examined ancient DNA of imperial wood “Nanmu” specimens taken from representative structural components of the Forbidden City, in order to provide a new perspective on the long‐standing dispute about its species. This allowed us to accurately identify and properly restore these wooden artifacts and improved our understanding of the past interactions between plant distribution, forest resources, and human activities.

Exploring the life styles and production methods of past generations using plant resources can help us to improve our understanding of human civilization. Nanmu, known for its high wood quality, was exclusively used for imperial palace construction in the 15th–19th centuries in China, yet its species has been a subject of long‐standing debate.

Here, we revisit this unresolved problem, using morphology and ancient DNA (aDNA) to analyze 21 centuries‐old Nanmu specimens sampled from representative palaces of the Forbidden City.

Cytochemical staining demonstrated that endogenous aDNA sporadically occurs in the wood ray parenchyma cells of Nanmu specimens. High‐quality plastid genomes were retrieved from archeological woods for the first time via an aDNA capture method, with 90%–100% coverage (137,663–152,805 bp) and sequence depths of 27.05‐ to 1409.94‐fold. Utilizing these ancient genomes, our results demonstrate that Phoebe zhennan and Phoebe hui are most likely the main species of Nanmu in the Forbidden City.

This finding diverges from the prevailing view that Nanmu encompasses woods from the whole genus Phoebe and even its close relative Machilus. It also shows that stringent criteria were used when selecting construction materials for the Forbidden City. By combining morphological traits with aDNA analyses, we provide a new solution for identifying the species of timber used for ancient architecture, and we increase our understanding of the way in which forest resources were recognized and utilized by our ancestors despite the lack of a plant taxonomic framework in ancient times.
Focus on student‐centered strategies to enhance value of college
Authors: Felix Elliot
Published: August 2022

College is where students forge their identities, find their communities, chart the course of their careers, and learn the knowledge and skills to succeed. With tuition rising and student loan debt looming, the pandemic brought the question of the value of higher education to the forefront for students, parents, and institutions.
Butterflies teach beautiful lessons about leadership
Authors: Hodges Dawn Z.
Published: August 2022

I've lived an hour away from Callaway Gardens in Georgia for over 20 years now. I've driven past the gates numerous times, but never stopped.
Abundance mindset boosts leadership potential
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: August 2022

When Laura Freebairn‐Smith was conducting research for her doctorate, she worked with John Pepper, who served as Chief Executive Officer of Proctor & Gamble. While thinking through other questions about leadership, the one she kept coming back to was “Why is he so great to work for?” He was “energetically a joy to be with” and exuded a sense that everything would be fine.
Computational Modelling and Optimization of a Methylammonium‐free Perovskite and Ga‐free Chalcogenide Tandem Solar Cell with an Efficiency above 25 %
Authors: Kumar Anjan , Singh Sangeeta , Pandey Rahul
Published: August 2022

Multi‐junction solar cells connecting two or more cells with significantly different bandgaps have a lot of promise for exceeding the Shockley Queisser (S‐Q) efficiency limit of single‐junction‐based photovoltaic devices. In this article, a new class of tandem devices has been proposed and investigated for improved efficiencies. The proposed tandem cell is connected in monolithic two‐terminal tandem configurations with wide bandgap formamidinium (FA) based perovskite absorber (FA0.85 Cs0.15 Pb (I0.85 Br0.15)3) (1.6 eV) (Cs15/Br15)) on the top cell and low bandgap gallium free chalcogenide (CuInSe2) absorber on the bottom cell. Doped FA‐based perovskite material is preferred over commonly used FAPbI3 as it is a proven fact that adding modest quantities of cesium and bromine stabilizes the optically active black phase of FAPbI3 Perovskite and increases overall device performance. In contrast, bottom CuInSe2 (CIS) absorber material is selected considering its good thermal stability and excellent light‐absorbing capabilities in a broad‐spectrum range. The feasibility of the suggested tandem configuration is assessed in two steps. First, a 1.6 eV perovskite top cell is simulated and calibrated to suit the state‐of‐the‐art power conversion efficiency of 17.5 %, followed by a 1.04 eV CuInSe2‐based bottom cell with a calibrated efficiency of 16.2 %. Both devices are tested for tandem configuration once the standalone (top and bottom) subcells have been calibrated. At varied absorber thicknesses in both the top and bottom subcells, the current matching conditions are achieved. At optimal thicknesses of 700 nm and 590 nm for the bottom and top absorbers, respectively, the overall tandem structure obtained an excellent power conversion efficiency of 25.13 %. Results reported in this study may pave the way for the development of high‐efficiency perovskite/CIS based tandem solar cells in the future.
Magnetic Biochar Composites Modified with Branched Polyethyleneimine for Highly Efficient Cr(VI) Removal from Water
Authors: Niu Jiaojiao , Cui Can , Zhang Yu , Zhang Li , Li Hongxiong , Zhang Ying , Hu Hailiang , Zhang Jianhui , Xie Yadian
Published: August 2022

In this study, a set of branched polyethyleneimine (BPEI) modified magnetic biochar composites (BPEI500‐MBC, BPEI1800‐MBC and BPEI20000‐MBC) were successfully prepared for capturing Cr(VI) from water solution. The results of the adsorption experiment showed that the adsorption capacity obeyed the sequence of BPEI500‐MBC<BPEI1800‐MBC<BPEI20000‐MBC. The theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of BPEI20000‐MBC calculated by Langmuir model reached 202.71 mg g−1 at 298 K. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo‐second‐order kinetics and the intra‐particle diffusion models, and the adsorption isotherm was fitted with the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model. Furthermore, the adsorption thermodynamics calculations proved that the adsorption was a spontaneous endothermic process. The electrostatic attraction between Cr(VI) and the protonated imidazole N+ of BPEI‐MBC played a key role in Cr(VI) adsorption process, accompanied by complexation and partly Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III). The adsorption capacity of BPEI20000‐MBC was still remained above 86.87 % after five adsorption‐desorption cycles. Hence, BPEI20000‐MBC is predicted to be an effective adsorbent for removing Cr(VI) and other heavy metal ions from water solution.
Dicationic Imizadolium‐Based Tetrafluoroborate Ionic Liquids: Synthesis and Hydrothermal Stability Study
Authors: Xu Chenqian , Cheng Zhenmin
Published: August 2022

Six novel dicationic imizadolium‐based tetrafluoroborate ionic liquids were synthesized, with four of which contained hydroxyl groups. Their chemical structures were identified by FTIR and 1H NMR, and their onset decomposition temperatures (Tonset) were measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). For investigating the hydrothermal stability, all DILs were mixed with water and heated for 1, 5, and 9 hours to 240 °C in an airtight kettle.The results show that DILs with hydroxyls have a higher Tonset but they exhibit evident changes in chemical structures after heating with water for 9 hours. The conflicts between Tonset and long‐term stability tests is ascribed to the reason that water forms new hydrogen bonds with hydroxyls and therefore weakens the intramolecular interaction between the cation and anion.
Blue Luminescent Glutathione‐protected Copper Nanoclusters for Selective Detection of Barbaloin
Authors: Zhang Shen , Cui Rumiao , Zhao Qingkai , Guo Yuyu
Published: August 2022

Based on the importance of barbaloin (Bar), development of efficient sensing methods in barbaloin detection has remarkable function and practical significance. In this work, copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs) with good water‐soluble character were prepared by one‐pot way and successfully used for selective detection of barbaloin. The stable probe with uniform size was protected by glutathione (GSH) and reduced by ascorbic acid (AA). Intriguingly, fluorescence of GSH−Cu NCs was quenched by barbaloin. The static quenching and inner filter effect (IFE) was supposed to main quenching mechanism. Furthermore, GSH−Cu NCs could well distinguish barbaloin from possible interferes and exhibited linear relationship of barbaloin concentrations from 3 to 100 μM. Significantly, satisfactory recovery experiments were successfully operated in bovine serum samples for barbaloin sensing. This probe with superior fluorescence properties provided better choice for barbaloin detection.
Giant g‐factor in Self‐Intercalated 2D TaS2
Authors: Wang Ziying , Wang Zishen , Zhou Xin , Fu Wei , Li Haohan , Liu Chaofei , Qiao Jingsi , Quek Su Ying , Su Chenliang , Feng Yuanping , Loh Kian Ping
Published: August 2022

Central to the application of spintronic devices is the ability to manipulate spins by electric and magnetic fields, which relies on a large Landé g‐factor. The self‐intercalation of layered transitional metal dichalcogenides with native metal atoms can serve as a new strategy to enhance the g‐factor by inducing ferromagnetic instability in the system via interlayer charge transfer. Here, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) are performed to extract the g‐factor and characterize the electronic structure of the self‐intercalated phase of 2H‐TaS2. In Ta7S12, a sharp density of states (DOS) peak due to the Ta intercalant appears at the Fermi level, which satisfies the Stoner criteria for spontaneous ferromagnetism, leading to spin split states. The DOS peak shows sensitivity to magnetic field up to 1.85 mV T−1, equivalent to an effective g‐factor of ≈77. This work establishes self‐intercalation as an approach for tuning the g‐factor.
Covalent Functionalization of Antimonene and Bismuthene Nanosheets
Authors: Ayyub Mohd Monis , Barua Manaswee , Acharya Shashidhara , Rao Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra
Published: August 2022

Antimonene and bismuthene are promising members of the 2D pnictogen family with their tunable band gaps, high electronic conductivity, and ambient stability, making them suitable for electronic and optoelectronic applications. However, semi‐metal to semiconductor transition occurs only in the mono/bilayer regime, limiting their applications. Covalent functionalization is a versatile method for tuning materials’ chemical, electronic, and optical properties and can be explored for tuning the properties of pnictogens. In this work, emissions in liquid exfoliated antimonene and bismuthene are observed at ≈2.23 and ≈2.33 eV, respectively. Covalent functionalization of antimonene and bismuthene with p‐nitrobenzene diazonium salt proceeds with the transfer of lone pairs from Sb/Bi to the diazonium salt, introducing organic moieties on the surface attached predominantly via Sb/BiC bonds. Consequently, Sb/Bi signatures in Raman and X‐ray photoelectron spectra are blue‐shifted, implying lattice distortion and charge transfer. Interestingly, emission can be tailored upon functionalization to 2.18 and 2.27 eV for antimonene and bismuthene respectively, and this opens the possibility of tuning the properties of pnictogens and related materials. This is the first report on covalent functionalization of antimonene and bismuthene. It sheds light on the reaction mechanism on pnictogen surfaces and demonstrates tunability of optical property and surface passivation.
Protein supplement potential of Dodonaea angustifolia leaves by replacing atella on nutrient utilization and performance of Farta sheep fed natural pasture hay basal diet
Authors: Teshager Defaru , Mekuriaw Yeshambel , Beyero Netsanet
Published: August 2022

Background

Protein feed resources for ruminant animal productions are deficit in Ethiopia.

Objectives

To evaluate the supplementation effects of dried Dodonaea angustifolia leaves (DDL), dried traditional brewery by‐product locally called atella and their mixtures on nutrient utilization and growth performance of Farta sheep fed natural pasture hay (NPH) as basal diet.

Methods

Twenty‐five yearling intact male Farta sheep with average initial body weight of 14.53 ± 1.35 kg (mean ± SD) were used for the study. The experimental sheep were allocated into five blocks of five animals based on their initial body weight. The experiment lasted for 90 days of feeding trial followed by 7 days of digestibility trial. The experimental feeds were NPH ad libitum + 100% DDL + 100 g wheat bran (WB; T1), NPH ad libitum + 75% DDL + 25% dried atella + 100 g WB(T2), NPH ad libitum + 50% DDL + 50% deried atella + 100 g WB (T3), NPH ad libitum + 25% DDL +75% dried atella +100 g WB (T4) and NPH ad libitum + 100% dried atella + 100 g WB (T5).

Results

NPH, DDL and dried atella contained 7.42, 15.39, 21.13% crude protein (CP) and 66, 36, 34% neutral detergent fiber, respectively. Sheep supplemented with increasing level of atella had more dry matter intake (DMI) and crude protein intake (CPI) and the highest of these DMI and CPI were in T5 (868 g/d for dry matter and 113 g/d for CP). This progressive increased CPI from T1 up to T5 was reflected in a significant (p < 0.001) fibers and estimated metabolizable energy intake in the order of T5 > T4 > T3 > T2 > T1. Significant difference (p < 0.001) was recorded on nutrient utilization and the highest was for T5 and lowest for T1. Average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) were significantly (p < 0.001) increased as the atella inclusion level increased. Sheep in T4 and T5 had the highest ADG and FCE with the order of T5 = T4 > T3 > T2 > T1. ADG was correlated positively and highly significant with nutrients intake and digestibility.

Conclusion

Atella supplementation better than DDL and then their mixture (T2–T4) supplementation could be recommended in sheep fattening in the study area.
Removal of malignant melanophoroma with intramuscular invasion in a bowfin fish (Amia calva)
Authors: Heniff Ashlyn C. , Lewbart Gregory A. , Applegate Jeffrey R.
Published: August 2022

A mature male bowfin fish (Amia calva) presented with a left‐sided lateral caudoventral coelomic swelling. Diagnostic imaging (computed tomography and ultrasound) revealed a focal, expansile muscular mass measuring 6.4 × 3.8 cm in diameter and contiguous with the musculature of the left body wall at the level of the pelvic fin. The mass was surgically excised. Histopathology categorized the mass as a malignant melanophoroma. The patient made a full recovery and lived 4 additional years. The patient died from unrelated causes, and necropsy revealed no evidence of recurrence of neoplasia. This is the first documentation of surgical treatment of a melanophoroma inA calva.
Tumor microenvironment‐regulating nanomedicine design to fight multi‐drug resistant tumors
Authors: Xu Qinqin , Lan Xinyue , Lin Huimin , Xi Qiye , Wang Manchun , Quan Xiaolong , Yao Guangyu , Yu Zhiqiang , Wang Yongxia , Yu Meng
Published: August 2022

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a very cunning system that enables tumor cells to escape death post‐traditional antitumor treatments through the comprehensive effect of different factors, thereby leading to drug resistance. Deep insights into TME characteristics and tumor resistance encourage the construction of nanomedicines that can remodel the TME against drug resistance. Tremendous interest in combining TME‐regulation measurement with traditional tumor treatment to fight multidrug‐resistant tumors has been inspired by the increasing understanding of the role of TME reconstruction in improving the antitumor efficiency of drug‐resistant tumor therapy. This review focuses on the underlying relationships between specific TME characteristics (such as hypoxia, acidity, immunity, microorganisms, and metabolism) and drug resistance in tumor treatments. The exciting antitumor activities strengthened by TME regulation are also discussed in‐depth, providing solutions from the perspective of nanomedicine design.

This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease

Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Pilot testing of an adaptive, individualized inhibitory control training for binge drinking: first evidence on feasibility, acceptance, and efficacy
Authors: Reichl Daniela , Enewoldsen Niklas , Müller Astrid , Steins-Loeber Sabine
Published: August 2022

Background

Deficits in inhibitory control seem to promote habit behavior and therefore play an important role in the development and maintenance of addictive diseases. Although several training approaches have been suggested, there is a considerable lack of knowledge about the best way to improve inhibitory control. Based on a literature review regarding shortcomings of existing trainings, an individualized, adaptive inhibitory control training was developed. We aimed to assess feasibility and acceptance of this training and to provide preliminary results on its efficacy regarding inhibitory control and binge drinking.

Methods

Sixty-one individuals (30 female) with binge drinking behavior were randomly allocated to either an experimental group receiving three sessions of the inhibitory control training or a waitlist control group receiving no training. Before and after the training, the participants performed a Go/NoGo task to assess inhibitory control (commission errors and false reaction time), completed a questionnaire on drinking-related self-control, and reported drinking behavior.

Results

Although the training was feasible and accepted by participants, it did not affect self-control over drinking, inhibitory control or drinking behavior. The relationship between session number and false reaction time was linear for alcohol stimuli, but squared for neutral stimuli.

Conclusion

Although our findings have to be interpreted in the light of some shortcomings, they demonstrate that further research is needed to enhance our understanding of how to improve inhibitory control and which factors might moderate this process.
Kann die Psychoanalyse noch aus ihren Krisen lernen?
Authors: Buchholz Michael B.
Published: August 2022

Mit dem neuen Psychotherapeutengesetz ist eine ernste Lage für die Psychoanalyse entstanden. Auf die eine Gefahr, die technologische Medizinalisierung (Buchholz 2017b, c; Buchholz und Kächele 2019), wurde häufig verwiesen. Eine wachsende Abhängigkeit von der klinischen Psychologie (Slunecko 2021) ist noch wenig gesehen. Wie kann sich die Psychoanalyse behaupten? Vorgeschlagen wird, sich verstärkt Fragen nach a) Ausbildung therapeutischer Persönlichkeiten, b) stärkerer lebensweltlicher Kontextualisierung und c) weit größerer Aufmerksamkeit der originalen Stimme der Patienten in Theorie und Kasuistik zu widmen. Loyalität gegenüber Theorie-Traditionen löst keine Probleme. Sie blockiert Umweltsensitivität und erzeugt Rückzug in Selbstbeschäftigung und beunruhigenden Mangel an Irritierbarkeit. Die viel zu loyale Bindung an Theorietraditionen, an lehranalytische Aus- und Vorbilder, supervisorische Praktiken und an fragliche Behandlungsregeln wehrt die Irritation ab, deren Bewältigung zentrale Aufgabe wäre, und entmutigt die nächste Generation. Dazu am Schluss Vorschläge.
Indications, clinical outcome and survival of rotating hinge total knee arthroplasty in a retrospective study of 63 primary and revision cases
Authors: Hecker Andreas , Pütz Hans-Jürg A. , Wangler Sebastian , Eberlein Sophie C. , Klenke Frank M.
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to report and compare outcome data of both primary and revision cases using a rotating hinge knee (RHK) implant.

Methods

This study retrospectively analyzed 63 cases (19 primary, 44 revisions) at a mean follow-up of 34 ± 8 months after RHK implantation. Outcome parameters were stability, range of motion (ROM), loosening, Hospital of Special Surgery Score (HSS), Knee Society Score (KSS), Oxford Knee Score (OKS), EQ-5D-3L, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for overall function. Revision rates and implant survival are reported.

Results

Eleven percent showed medio-lateral instability < 5 mm, a mean ROM of 115° ± 17° and radiologic loosening occurred in 8% (2% symptomatic). PROMS showed the following results: HSS 79 ± 18, KSS 78 ± 27, OKS 26 ± 10, EQ-5D index 0.741 ± 0.233 and VAS 70 ± 20. Primary cases revealed better outcomes in HHS (p = .035) and OKS (p = 0.047). KSS, EQ-5D index and VAS did not differ between primary and revision cases (p = 0.070; p = 0.377; p = 0.117). Revision rate was 6.3% with an implant survival of 96.8%.

Conclusions

RHK arthroplasty can be performed with good clinical outcome and low revision rate in revision and complex primary cases. RHK is an option in cases where standard arthroplasty and even implants with a higher degree of constraint have reached their limits.

Level of Evidence

Level III, retrospective cohort study.