bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Syngeneic Peripheral Blood Cells on the Formation of Colonies by Normal Human Bone Marrow Cells in Diffusion Chambers in Mice
Authors: Elmgreen Jens , Jacobsen Niels , Knudtzon Søren
Published: August 2010

This paper describes the influence of cells capable of releasing colony stimulating activity (CSA) in vitro on the formation of granulocytic colonies by normal human bone marrow in diffusion chambers in mice. A carbonyl iron method was used to remove phagocytic cells from normal human bone marrow. This treatment prevented spontaneous colony and cluster formation when the cells were cultured in agar in vitro at initial concentrations of 2–5 times 105cells per ml. However, non‐phagocytic bone marrow cells formed granulocytic colonies when inoculated into diffusion chambers at 105cells per chamber and cultured in 450 R‐irradiated or non‐irradiated mice. The formation of granulocytic colonies by carbonyl iron treated marrow in diffusion chamber cultures was not consistently enhanced by the admixture of 1.4 times 1051500 R‐irradiated syngeneic light density blood cells (< 1.077 g/ml) to the chamber inoculum. In contrast, these cells induced cluster or colony formation when added in the same proportion to the marrow cells in agar cultures in vitro. Addition of 1.4 times 1051500 R‐irradiated high density blood cells (> 1.077 g/ml) to the inoculum resulted in a slight, non‐significant decrease in the number of colonies in diffusion chambers. The stimulating effect of host irradiation on neutrophilic colony formation was independent of the presence of CSA releasing cells in the chamber inoculum.
Neutrophil Defect in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Karle Hans , Hansen Niels Ebbe , Plesner Torben
Published: August 2010

Intracellular lysozyme concentration was measured in neutrophilic granulocytes from 25 patients with multiple myeloma. At diagnosis intraneutrophil lysozyme activity was significantly reduced (mean reduction 50%). During clinical remission after 1–4 months of intensive chemotherapy values were normalized. In 18 cases studied at various stages of the disease from 6 to 70 months after diagnosis there was a significant negative correlation between the duration of the disease and neutrophil lysozyme concentration. The decrease in neutrophil lysozyme concentration was significantly correlated to clinical disease activity and the percentage of plasma cells in bone marrow aspirates, whereas there was no correlation between the concentration of M‐protein in serum and the neutrophil lysozyme concentration. Plasma lysozyme concentration was normal.

In contrast, neutrophil lysozyme concentration was normal in 18 patients with stage III‐IV malignant lymphoma. Plasma lysozyme in this group was significantly higher than normal.

The difference in neutrophil lysozyme patterns between multiple myeloma and malignant lymphoma supports the hypothesis that the defect in neutrophil maturation seen in malignant blood disorders is directly related to the infiltration of the bone marrow by pathologic cells.
The Relationship between Normotest and Thrombotest in Patients on Oral Anticoagulant Therapy
Authors: Refsum N. , Arnesen H. , Gilhuus‐Moe C. C. , Godal H. C.
Published: August 2010

Normotest (sample volume: 25 μl) and Thrombotest were performed in parallel on 150 consecutive capillary blood samples from patients on long term oral anticoagulant therapy.

The ratio of Normotest to Thrombotest decreased from 2.50 at a Thrombotest level of 5‐5.5 % to 1.95 at a Thrombotest level of 13‐13.5 %, indicating that the effects of PIVKA were more pronounced at lower levels of coagulation activity. The influence of varying sensitivity of the thromboplastin reagents to PIVKA is discussed.

The therapeutic range of Thrombotest (5–10 %) corresponded to a Normotest level of 12–20 %.
Chronic Monocytic Leukaemia ‐ A Prolonged Survival
Authors: Amir Jacob , Djaldetti Meir
Published: August 2010

This is a report of a patient with chronic monocytic leukaemia with a survival of more than ten years. He was not prone to bacterial infections and his cellular and humoral immunological systems were found to be intact. Ultrastructural study confirmed the monocytic cell type in the bone marrow and peripheral smear.
Metabolic Studies of Iron‐poly (sorbitol‐gluconic acid) complex, Ferastral®
Authors: REIZENSTEIN PETER
Published: August 2010

The metabolism of iron‐poly (sorbitol‐gluconic acid) complex (Ferastral®) was studied in 6 blood donors with latent iron deficiency and 13 patients with manifest iron deficiency anaemia. Between 125 and 1 000 mg of iron were injected. In latent deficiency an average of 19% of the dose given was excreted during the first two weeks. The corresponding figure for patients with manifest iron deficiency was 11%. An average of 8% of the dose was retained at the site of injection after 40 days. In the two groups, respectively, 61% (range 47%–70%) and 58% (range 24%–86%) of the iron retained was incorporated into red cells after 40 days, which is judged to be quite satisfactory. Some local side effects were observed.
Leukaemia‐Associated Antigen (LAA) in Proliferative Blood Disorders
Authors: Stavem Per , Berg Kåre , Noer Grethe
Published: August 2010

Serum leukaemia associated antigen (LAA) was found in 41–75% of patients with acute leukaemia or chronic myelogenous leukaemia, but in only 12% of persons suffering from chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. LAA was present in detectable amounts in 1% of healthy blood donors. Thus LAA is truly leukaemia associated rather than leukaemia specific.

Occurrence of LAA in the serum of a leukaemia patient may signal a serious turn of the disease.
Fatty Acid Composition of Adipose Cells in Red and Yellow Marrow: A Possible Determinant of Haematopoietic Potential
Authors: Tavassoli Mehdi , Houchin Donald N. , Jacobs Peter
Published: August 2010

The fatty acid composition of whole bone marrow and that of isolated, disaggregated adipose cells from red and yellow marrow was examined by gas chromatography. Consistent and significant shifts from myristic and palmatic acids (in red marrow) to their respective monounsaturated derivatives myristoleic and palmitoleic acids (in yellow marrow) were found. These differences in the fatty acids correlate with histochemical studies and lend further support to the concept that the composition of lipid in the adipose cells of bone marrow may determine their relative stability in relation to haematopoietic requirements.
The Transcobalamins in Polycythaemia Vera
Authors: Rachmilewitz Bracha , Manny Noga , Rachmilewitz Moshe
Published: August 2010

The unsaturated B12 binding capacity (UBBC) of the serum and the binding capacity of each of the 3 vitamin B12 binders ‐ the transcobalamins (TC) I, II and III were determined in 21 patients with polycythaemia vera (PV) during the course of the disease and following treatment, using the recently described charged cellulose filter technique.

High serum UBBC due to elevated serum TCIII was found in all patients. TCI was moderately elevated in patients who had leucocytosis with a shift to the left. The changes in serum TCIII and UBBC correlated with the activity of the disease. Chemotherapy resulted in a decrease in TCIII and UBBC. The decrease in TCIII and UBBC folowing chemotherapy may be observed before a decrease in the haema‐tocrit and the leucocyte count occurs. Activation of the disease may be assessed by the elevation of TCIII and UBBC. The onset of acute myeloblastic crisis in 1 patient was associated with a decrease in TCIII and TCI levels and a rise in serum TCII. The determination of TCIII and UBBC may be helpful in differentiating true from secondary polycythaemia.
The Role of Granulocytes in Colony Stimulation by Human White Blood Cells in Agar Cultures
Authors: Heit Wolfgang , Kern Peter , Heimpel Herrmann , Kubanek Bernhard
Published: August 2010

The effect of polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN) on colony stimulating activity (CSA) was studied in double layer cultures of human Ficoll Isopaque*** separated white blood cells (mononuclear cells = MNC). Previously published data have been confirmed that granulocytes are able to enhance or inhibit MNC derived CSA. Further analysis of the mode of action of PMN in vitro indicates that the enhancing activity ascribed to granulocytes coincides with low CSA in MNC basal layers. In contrast, in cultures with high levels of CSA as provided by lysed red blood cell enhancement rather low concentrations of PMN are sufficient to induce inhibition of colony growth. A very similar effect to that achieved with basal layer derived CSA could be obtained with conditioned media of PMN and MNC short term liquid cultures. The data indicate, that enhancement and inhibition of colony growth reflect a specific reactivity of granulocytes (PMN) to a given CSA level in the cultures. These findings are discussed in terms of a speculative role of PMN in a negative feed back control mechanism regulating granulopoiesis in vivo.
Bone Marrow Cell Culturing in Double Diffusion Chambers
Authors: Pfeffer P. , Bøyum A.
Published: August 2010

A double diffusion chamber technique (DDC) has been established. The bone marrow cells (BMC) were cultured in the peritoneal cavity of mice in DDC consisting of 2 compartments separated from one another by a Millipore membrane. One chamber half contained the mouse bone marrow target cells, and the other half (regulator compartment) either medium (control), spleen cells or BMC. In the controls the BMC proliferated rapidly from day 2, and the cell yield on day 7 was reduced by only 20% when compared with single diffusion chambers. Diffusible factors from spleen cells stimulated the growth of CFU‐S and CFU‐C in the bone marrow, and increased the number of granulocytes and macrophages harvested in 7 day cultures. Conversely, BMC in the regulator compartment depressed granulopoiesis in the other chamber half.
Blood B and T Lymphocytes and In Vitro Cellular Immune Reactivity in Untreated Human Malignant Lymphomas and Other Malignant Tumors
Authors: Heier Hans Erik , Klepp Ragnhjld , Gundersen Stein , Godal Tore , Normann Trine
Published: August 2010

Peripheral blood lymphocytes and their in vitro reactivity have been recorded prior to treatment in 18 patients with Hodgkin's disease, 11 with lymphosarcoma, 13 with reticulosarcoma, 20 with various solid tumors and 37 normal control persons. The mean total numbers of lymphocytes, those of T lymphocytes, and the mean reactivities to PHA and ConA were reduced in all groups except lymphosarcoma, although with varying degrees of statistical significance. The percentages of T and B lymphocytes appeared to be normal in all groups, but the ranges of values were somewhat greater than among the normal controls. The mean total numbers of B lymphocytes were normal in all patient groups. All reductions seemed to be more pronounced in patients with disseminated than in those with localized disease, but none of these differences was statistically significant. All patient groups appeared to have reduced reactivity in MLC, while the ability to stimulate control lymphocytes was nearly normal.

The results fail to indicate any in vitro immunological abberation specific to Hodgkin's disease. It seems that human malignant, neoplastic diseases are associated with a relatively selective reduction of the total numbers and reactivity of blood T lymphocytes. Various explanations of the reactivity impairment are proposed. The pathogenesis of the reduction of the total number of blood T lymphocytes remains obscure.
Leucocyte Alkaline Phosphatase Elevation in Human Acute Leukaemia Derived Cell Lines Cultured in Diffusion Chambers
Authors: Greenberger Joel S. , Hassan Linda R. , Karpas Abraham , France Dennis S. , Moloney William C.
Published: August 2010

Leucocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) was histochemically detected in 7 to 18 % of cells in tissue culture lines derived from the peripheral blood or bone marrow of each of 5 patients with untreated acute myelogenous or monomyelogenous leukaemia and in 30 % of cells in a clonal line of a rat promyelocytic leukaemia. Following transfer to diffusion chambers intraperitoneally implanted into total body irradiated rats, LAP levels were detected in up to 92 % of human and 80 % of rat leucocytes. There was no associated morphologic differentiation. In rat leukaemia cells peroxidase and myeloid specific esterase also increased from tissue culture levels. Return of cells to tissue culture decreased enzymes to pre‐implant levels. Addition of plasma or peritoneal fluid from irradiated rats to cells in tissue culture again induced LAP. In contrast, LAP was not increased under these conditions with cell lines derived from patients with acute lymphatic leukaemia, or Sezary cell leukaemia. These studies indicate that a humoral factor in peritoneal fluid and plasma of irradiated rats increases LAP in human as well as rat leucocytes.
Prevention of Plasmin Autodigestion by Human Plasma α2‐Macroglobulin
Authors: Toki Naotika , Ishihara Hiroshi , Yamura Takuso
Published: August 2010

The autodigestion of plasmin in neutral solution at 37° C and prevention of plasmin autodigestion by methylamine were confirmed by using ϱ‐Tosyl‐L‐Arginine‐Methyl ester as a substrate of plasmin. The autodigestion of plasmin was prevented by human plasma α2‐macroglobulin which has been reported as an antiplasmin of immediate and reversible type, but was not prevented by α1‐antitrypsin which has been reported as an antiplasmin of slow and irreversible type.
Serum Thrombopoietic Activity Following Administration of Vinblastine
Authors: Klener P. , Marcibal O. , Donner L. , Kornalík F.
Published: August 2010

A possible role of humoral factors in the pathogenesis of vinblastine‐induced throm‐bocytosis was examined. The thrombopoietic activity in serum of experimental animals was tested for its ability to stimulate the incorporation of 75‐Se‐selonemethionine into platelets of thrombocythaemic mice.

The administration of low doses (0.1‐0.5 mg/kg body wt.) of vinblastine to rabbits caused a significant increase in serum thrombopoietic activity. Higher doses of vinblastine (1–5 mg/kg body wt.) also increased the serum thrombopoietic activity, but this increase was preceded by a transient drop in the platelet count of peripheral blood. This thrombocytopenia could have been a stimulus for an increase in thrombopoietic activity, through a compensatory feedback mechanism.

The vinblastine‐induced increase in thrombopoietic activity was abolished by bilateral nephrectomy but not by bilateral ureteral ligation. These data suggest that kidney tissue may be a major source of the serum thrombopoietic factors.
The Effect of Vincristine on Haemoglobin Synthesis
Authors: Ben‐Bassat Isaac , Mozel Miriam , Mark Ziva , Ramot Bracha
Published: August 2010

Vincristine in a concentration of 0.5 and 4 times 10−5 M causes a decrease of 16 % and 73 % respectively, in the synthesis of globin by peripheral blood reticulocytes. At the higher drug concentration the α/β ratio is significantly lower than the normal ratio of unity and is 0.83 ± 0.09. These effects of vincristine are probably related to the ability of the vinca alkaloids to bind to ribosomes and their subunits.
The Hermansky‐Pudlak Syndrome
Authors: Gerritsen S. M. , Akkerman J.W.N. , Nijmeijer B. , Sixma J. J. , Witkop C. J. , White J.
Published: August 2010

A Dutch kindred with the Hermansky‐Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is described. We show for the first time evidence of a lowered platelet 5‐hydroxytryptamine content in obligate heterozygotes. Platelet ATP and ADP levels and ATP/ADP ratio were normal in these patients. Platelet aggregation with ADP, collagen and adrenaline was within the normal range. In contrast to the homozygous HPS patients the heterozygotes are normally pigmented and none has diaphanous irides, nystagmus or a bleeding tendency. All homozygous HPS patients have the typical triad of oculocutaneous albinism, pigmented macrophages in the bone marrow and a bleeding disorder, based on a platelet dysfunction. The platelets showed the typical characteristics of a storage pool deficiency. Their platelet factor 3 availability was decreased and the aggregation patterns showed an absent second wave with ADP, adrenaline and absent collagen aggregation. Platelet ADP levels were strongly decreased in all homozygous HPS patients, whereas ATP was lowered only in 3 out of 6 HPS patients. The 5‐hydroxytryptamine content of their platelets was very low (15–20% of normal).
The Investigation of Collagen Induced Platelet Aggregation by the Screen Filtration Pressure Technique
Authors: Chater B. V. , Sanderson J. H.
Published: August 2010

A modification of the screen filtration pressure technique has been developed to allow platelet response to collagen to be measured. Using a commercial collagen suspension this method has been found to be both simple to perform and to give highly reproducible results. Changes in platelet response to collagen after administration of acetylsalicylic acid were clearly detected and this suggests that collagen screen filtration pressure may provide a sensitive method for evaluating the effect of platelet release inhibiting drugs.
A Radioisotope Dilution Assay for Unlabelled Vitamin B12‐Intrinsic Factor Complex Employing the Binding Intrinsic Factor Antibody: Probable Evidence for Two Types of Binding Antibody
Authors: Jacob Elizabeth , O'Brien H. A. W. , Mollin D. L.
Published: August 2010

A new radioisotope dilution assay for vitamin B12‐intrinsic factor complex is described. The method is based on the use of the binding type intrinsic factor antibody (the binding reagent), which when combined with the intrinsic factor‐vitamin B12 complex (labelled ligand), is quantitatively adsorbed onto zirconium phosphate gel at pH 6.25. The new assay has been shown to provide a measure of intrinsic factor comparable with other intrinsic factor assays, but it has the important advantage of being able to measure the unlabelled vitamin B12‐intrinsic factor complex (unlabelled ligand), and will, therefore, be valuable in the study of physiological events in the gastrointestinal tract.

During the study, it was found that there is some evidence for at least two types of binding intrinsic factor antibody: One which combines preferentially with the intrinsic factor‐vitamin B12 complex and one which combines equally well with this complex or with free intrinsic factor.
Phagocytic Potential of Leukaemic B‐Lymphocytes
Authors: Catovsky D. , Sperandio Paola , O'Brien Maureen , Cherchi Maria , Galton D. A. G.
Published: August 2010

Phagocytosis of small latex particles was demonstrated by light and electron microscopy in a proportion of cells from B‐lymphoproliferative disorders including chronic lymphocytic, prolymphocytic and hairy cell leukaemia. It was not observed in a case of T‐chronic lymphocytic leukaemia or in normal lymphocytes. A significant correlation was observed between the binding of latex to the lymphocyte surface and the degree of phagocytosis. It is suggested that the phagocytic activity of leukaemic B‐lymphocytes is mediated through their Fc receptor and that this property may also be present in normal B‐cells.

Among mononuclear cells, therefore, phagocytosis can no longer be considered exclusively a property of monocytes.
An Electron Microscope Study of the Intercellular Contacts between the Erythroblasts of Patients with Hypersiderotic Bone Marrows
Authors: Wickramasinghe S. N. , Bush Valerie
Published: August 2010

When stained and unstained sections of hypersiderotic marrow fragments are examined in the electron microscope, some of the ferritin molecules present between a variable proportion of the erythroblasts are found to be aligned more or less transversely. These linearly arranged ferritin molecules are particularly evident in regions in which the opposing cell membranes have been sectioned obliquely and may be confused with the septa‐containing intercellular junctions characteristically present between some types of invertebrate epithelial cells.
Cell Culture Studies in 19 Cases of Refractory Anaemia: Comparison of Clinical Data with in Vivo Erythrokinetic Studies
Authors: Faille Annick , Najean Yves , Dresch Catherine , Poirier Odette
Published: August 2010

A total of 19 cases of chronic refractory anaemia underwent simultaneous in vivo erythrokinetic study and in vitro bone marrow culture. They were followed up clinically for at least 2 years. Good correlation has been found between erythrokinetic data (simultaneous quantitative and qualitative disorders of erythroblastic proliferation in preleukaemic states; pure qualitative disorders in primary sideroblastic anaemia) and the results of culture of granulocyte precursors in the bone marrow (small number of colonies, reduced size of colonies in preleukaemic states; normal number and growth in non malignant refractory anaemia). It would seem thus that both examinations are of practical interest in clinical haematology, making it possible to foresee the malignant evolution of some refractory anaemias.
Platelet Accumulation in the Myocardium during Acute Nonthrombotic Coronary Artery Occlusion in Dogs
Authors: Vik‐Mo Harald
Published: August 2010

The distribution of labelled autologous platelets in the myocardium was studied in open‐chest dogs following a nonthrombotic coronary artery occlusion. A significant accumulation of platelets occurred in the ischaemic and borderline ischaetnic myocardium both 15 and 150 min after coronary artery occlusion, most pronounced after 150 min. The small platelet accumulation after 15‐min ischaemia might be due to stasis of blood since a similar increase in labelled erythrocytes in that area was observed. The platelet trapping after 150 min most likely represents platelet aggregates. In spite of the marked increase in platelet trapping, the myocardial blood flow in the ischaemic area increased significantly from 15 to 150 min of myocardial ischaemia. It is concluded that the increased platelet trapping in the first hours following a nonthrombotic coronary artery occlusion was insufficient to impair coronary circulation.
Myelomatosis after Phenytoin Therapy A Chance Association?
Authors: Matzner Yaacov , Polliack Aaron
Published: August 2010

The occurrence of a monoclonal gammopathy followed by IgG‐lambda multiple myeloma is described in a patient receiving diphenylhydantoin therapy for 20 years for epilepsy. Despite the known association between the drug and the development of immunosuppression and lymphoma, we regard the association recorded in this case to be coincidence. It is suggested that periodic examination of the serum proteins in patients receiving the drug may be useful in detecting early aberrations of the immune system in these individuals.
Inhibition of Myeloid Differentiation by Mature Granulocytes can be Reversed by Humoral Factors
Authors: Løvhaug Dagfinn
Published: August 2010

Human mature granulocytes added to in vivo diffusion chamber (DC) cultures of murine bone marrow cells (BMC) led to a late reduction of CFU‐C, day 5, and proliferative granulocytes, day 6.

Cell free DC fluid harvested on day 4 from chambers with BMC and mature granulocytes slightly reduced granulocyte formation in new DC cultures, but not more than DC fluid from control cultures (BMC). Mice which had carried chambers of either group for 4 d, were not different when used as hosts for new DC cultures. However, they were less able to stimulate cell growth in DC than untreated mice.

Transfer of DC to new host mice on day 2 completely reversed the inhibition by mature granulocytes which otherwise could be detected in numbers of CFU‐C on day 5 and proliferative granulocytes on day 7.

However, CFU‐S numbers were reduced on day 5 following reimplantation indicating an increased differentiation of CFU‐S. Transfer of DC as late as day 4, rapidly restored the granulocyte numbers in the granulocyte co‐culture group suggesting that also more differentiated granulocytes were stimulated to further growth and differentiation. It is proposed that factors from mature granulocytes reversibly inhibit myeloid differentiation. Differentiation can again be induced by factors which reach the DC shortly after intraperitoneal implantation in a mouse.
Factor VIII Inhibitor Postpartum
Authors: Michiels J. J. , Bosch L. J. , van der Plas P. M. , Abels J.
Published: August 2010

Acquired factor VIII deficiency in women postpartum due to a factor VIII inhibitor is rare and the etiology is unknown. In this study a case report and a review of the literature are given. The haemorrhagic diathesis resembles classic haemophilia, with the exception that ecchymoses and tissue bleeding occur more frequently. The potency of the inhibitor may vary from weak to strong and the inactivation of factor VIII coagulant activity (factor VIII‐C) by the inhibitor is of a non‐linear type. Severe bleeding has been fatal in a few cases, but factor VIII concentrate substitution has usually been successful without anamnestic response of inhibitor activity. There is no convincing evidence that immunosuppression is effective, also because the natural history of the disease is characterised by a spontaneous disappearance of the factor VIII‐C inhibitor. Treatment of bleeding symptoms with factor VIII concentrate should therefore not be reserved for life threatening haemorrhages only.
Lymphoid Cell Surface Markers in Acute Lymphocytic Leukaemia
Authors: Pasino M. , Rosanda‐Vadala C. , Astaldi A. , Tonini G. P. , Astaldi G. C. B. , Perutelli P. , Comelli A. , De Bernardi B. , Giovanelli A. , Mori P. G. , Massimo L.
Published: August 2010

Peripheral blood lymphoid cells of 29 patients with acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) at onset were studied for characterization of B and T membrane markers and phytohaemagglutinin responsiveness. 24 cases (83%) were classified as ‘null’ cell ALL and 5 (17%) as T‐cell ALL. No relationship could be found between cytological presentation and immunological classification. Moreover, no correlation has been demonstrated between clinical‐immunological parameters and prognosis, indicating that in our series of patients, assessment of cell size and surface markers were not a reliable predictor of prognosis.
Clinico‐Pathological Correlations in the Kiel Classification of Non‐Hodgkin's Lymphomata in Children
Authors: Garwicz Stanislaw , Landberg Torsten , Lindberg Lars‐Göran , Åkerman Måns
Published: August 2010

The rapid development of chemotherapy and radiotherapy during the last decade makes an increasing demand for a reliable classification of malignant non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas. This is especially important in children since in this age group the lymphomas show a much worse prognosis than in adults. An attempt at a modern classification is offered by the so‐called Kiel classification. 38 children with non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas previously classified according to Rappaport were re‐evaluated according to the Kiel system. Reclassification was technically feasible in 26 patients. There was good agreement on typing between the two independently working cytopathologists. 3 patients proved to be cases of histiocytic medullary reticulosis. Among the remaining patients, a much larger variety of histological subgroups was seen than in the one published paediatric series of Lennert. 17 patients had high‐grade malignant lymphomas with lymphoblastic lymphomas predominating. Some clinical correlations not detectable with the Rappaport classification were found using the Kiel system. 6 patients were judged as having low‐grade malignant lymphomas but in this group the survival was poorer than expected and 1 patient showed leukaemic transformation. The Kiel classification makes high demands for adequate surgical techniques and preparatory routines. It seems to represent a step forward in the classification of non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas but much more experience is needed, especially in children, in order to evaluate its role as a guide to differentiated therapy.
Effects of Azathioprine Therapy on the MCV of Patients with Renal Grafts: Evidence for Alterations in the Kinetics of Erythropoiesis over a Prolonged Period
Authors: Williams D. , Wickramasinghe S. N. , Hulme B.
Published: August 2010

The changes in MCV at various times after renal transplantation were studied in a group of patients with functioning cadaveric renal grafts who had received azathio‐ prine from the time of transplantation and in a constant dose from 2–8 weeks later. A post‐transplantation increase in the MCV was seen in the majority of the cases studied and in these cases the MCV did not reach a maximum value until as long as 11–40 moinths after transplantation. In most cases the MCV then fell although frequently not to within the normal range and in some cases it showed further fluctuations. These data suggest gradual alterations over a period of years in the various cytokinetic changes which serve to maintain a reasonably high output of red cells from the marrow despite the cytotoxic effects of azathioprine.
Familial Erythroleukaemia: A Cytogenetic and Haematological Study
Authors: Davidson R. J. L. , Walker W. , Watt Jessie L. , Page Brenda M.
Published: August 2010

Clinical and haematological details of 2 siblings with a familial myeloproliferative disorder (erythroleukaemia) are presented. Their father is presumed to have died from a similar disease. The 2 siblings showed similar but not identical chromosomal abnormalities detected initially in marrow and later in peripheral blood. Serial studies revealed the emergence of an increasingly diverse pattern of chromosomal changes coincident with the haematological and clinical progression of the disease. Other members of the family were screened for cytogenetic and haematological changes. The paternal sibship displayed an increased incidence of cancer.
Interrelationships between Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid in Myelomatosis: Cobalamin Coenzyme and Tetrahydrofolic Acid Function
Authors: Hansen Ole Paaske , Drivsholm Aage , Hippe Erik , Quadros Edward , Linnell John C.
Published: August 2010

Cobalamin and folate metabolism was investigated in 43 patients with myelomatosis, in 8 control subjects of similar age and 22 younger controls.

Plasma total cobalamin was lower in myeloma patients than in either of the control groups and methylcobalamin (Me‐Cbl) was disproportionately reduced. Erythrocyte levels of total cobalamin were very similar in patients and elderly controls but were half the levels in younger controls. Erythrocyte levels of Me‐Cbl were slightly higher in patients than in the elderly controls.

FIGLU excretion after L‐histidine was elevated in 53 % of the patients but values did not correlate with serum or erythrocyte folate or with plasma total cobalamin. FIGLU excretion decreased after DL‐methionine or Me‐Cbl only in patients whose FIGLU excretion was initially high.

The results are discussed in the light of the ‘methylfolate trap hypothesis’ and suggest that some patients with myelomatosis have insufficient activity of methionine synthetase to meet the additional metabolic demand for one carbon compounds.
Abnormal Platelet Functions in β Thalassaemia
Authors: Eldor A.
Published: August 2010

Haemorrhagic tendency, including frequent epistaxis and easy bruising, has been observed in patients with β thalassaemia major. Disturbances in the coagulation system were also described in this condition, which probably resulted from liver damage associated with this disease. There was, however, no quantitative or qualitative correlation between the haemorrhagic manifestations on the one hand and the abnormalities in the clotting mechanism on the other.

Platelet functions were studied in 15 patients with β thalassaemia major and in 5 with thalassaemia minor. In most of the thalassaemia major patients and in some with thalassaemia minor, diminished platelet aggregtion to ADP, collagen, ristocetin and cpinephrine was found. These anomalies could not be corrected by the resuspension of the thalassaemic platelets in normal plasma.
Hairy Cell Leukaemia
Authors: Jansen J. , Hermans J. , Remme J. , den Ottolander G. J. , Cardozo P. Lopes
Published: August 2010

Hairy‐cell leukaemia (leukaemic reticuloendotheliosis) is a well‐defined clinical entity. Most of the recent reports are almost entirely concerned with the pathological and functional aspects of the disease. In the present retrospective study the clinical features and laboratory data of 12 patients were analyzed together with a series of 123 adequately clinically documented cases from the literature. The Hb level and the sex of the patient proved to be the only parameters having some prognostic value for the survival time after diagnosis.

The effect of splenectomy was assessed in two comparable groups of 24 splenectomized and 51 non‐splenectomized patients. The operation seemed to be beneficial, but after 2 years the difference was not significant (.05 < P < .10). Analysis of subgroups showed that splenectomy was definitely beneficial in women, in patients with a Hb level over 8.0 g/dl or a platelet level above 50 times 109/l, in patients with leucocytes below 3 times 109/l, and also in patients with hepatomegaly (P < .05 in all cases).

These findings suggest that splenectomy is beneficial in cases where anaemia and thrombocytopenia are not very severe; in severe cytopenia the operation does not increase the life expectancy.
Nature and Incidence of Liver Involvement in Agnogenic Myeloid Metaplasia
Authors: Ligumski M. , Polliack A. , Benbassat J.
Published: August 2010

Clinical, biochemical and histopathological data of 33 patients with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (AMM) were examined with reference to liver disease and dysfunction.

Clinical manifestations of hepatic or portal system involvement included hepatomegaly, jaundice, hepatitis, gall stones, ascites and bleeding esophageal varices. The liver was smooth and firm; it became larger with progression of the disease, but to a lesser degree than the spleen. Mild indirect bilirubinaemia occurred in the course of the disease in about half of the patients. Hepatitis was diagnosed in 5 (15 %) patients and in 3 (10 %) cases it was the cause of death. Cholelithiasis was found in 4 (12 %) patients.

Biochemical liver dysfunction occurred in 22 (66 %) patients. A progressive increase in serum alkaline phosphatase and a gradual decrease in serum albumin were observed in 4 patients, who were followed for 5 to 15 years.

Hepatic myeloid metaplasia was found in all 20 patients examined histologically. The liver architecture was grossly distorted in 4 cases: in 2 this was due to impaction of the sinusoid with haemopoietic cells, and in the remaining 2 to necrosis and haemorrhage following viral hepatitis. Periportal fibrosis was observed in 6 (30 %) of the liver specimens.

Ascites, portal hypertension, or both, were found in 7 (64 %) of the 11 autopsies and in 5 (22 %) of the remaining patients. Liver histology, examined in 11 patients, revealed periportal fibrosis in 5 cases and myeloid metaplasia only, in the remaining 5. Patients with ascites or portal hypertension exhibited more frequently increased levels of serum alkaline phosphatase and vitamin B12, and lower levels of plasma prothrombin and serum albumin.

The pathogenesis of the hepatic and portal system involvement in agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (AMM) remains uncertain. Mechanical pressure by foci of myeloid metaplasia, chronic passive congestion, hepatitis or combinations of the above may lead to atrophy or necrosis of the parenchyma, followed by reparative fibrosis. Portal hypertension and ascites, a common complication of advanced AMM, could be due to the combined effect of an increased blood flow in the portal system, hypoalbuminaemia and sinusoidal obstruction.
CFU‐C Populations in Blood and Bone Marrow of Dogs after Lethal Irradiation and Allogeneic Transfusion with Cryopreserved Blood Mononuclear Cells
Authors: Nothdurft Wilhelm , Fliedner Theodor M. , Calvo Wenceslao , Flad Hans‐Dieter , Huget Richard , Körbling Martin , Loringhofen Kristine Krumbacher‐von , Ross William M. , Schnappauf Hans‐Peter , Steinbach Irmhild ,   With the assistance of Inge Fache & Esther Rüber
Published: August 2010

Colony forming units in agar (CFU‐C) were assayed in both bone marrow and peripheral blood of dogs during haemopoietic recovery after lethal total‐body irradiation (1200 R) and allogeneic transfusion of blood mononuclear cells (MNC) from histocompatible donors. MNC had been collected from the peripheral blood by continuous‐flow centrifugation leucapheresis and cryopreserved at ‐196°C until transfusion.

Two groups of dogs were studied. Group 1 dogs (n = 12) were given between 0.39 and 2.76 times 109 MNC per kg body wt. Group 2 dogs (n = 14) were transfused with a similar number of MNC, ranging from 0.51 to 1.87 times 109 per kg body wt., but in addition underwent immuno‐suppressive therapy with methotrexate. In group 1 dogs, there was a rather good correlation between the number of CFU‐C in the regenerating bone marrow and the recovery of the peripheral blood granulocyte values. The regeneration of the CFU‐C population in the bone marrow of methotrexate‐treated dogs showed a somewhat more heterogeneous picture than in dogs of group 1 and in dogs that, in a previous study, were transfused with autologous MNC. The minimum time interval required for the reconstitution of peripheral blood CFU‐C to normal levels was 2–4 weeks but usually took from 4–14 weeks.
Effect of Tissue Specific Mitotic Inhibitors on Survival Time of Spontaneous and Virus‐Induced Murine Leukaemia and Influence on Myocardial Degeneration
Authors: Ebbesen P. , Olsson L.
Published: August 2010

Treatment of adult AKR mice with tissue‐specific mitotic inhibitor mol. wt. 1,000–20,000 extracted from the AKR thymus significantly delayed the onset of spontaneous thymus leukaemia, whereas extracts of other organs were without effect. A slight prolongation of survival time was found with spleen extract when administered to BALB/c mice infected with Rauscher virus, which causes leukaemia starting in the spleen. Thymus extracts of MW 100,000–300,000 caused myocardial degeneration in some leukaemic and nonleukaemic mice.
Development of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia in a Patient with Psoriasis Treated with Oral 8‐Methoxypsoralen and Longwave Ultraviolet Light
Authors: Hansen Niels Ebbe
Published: August 2010

Acute myeloid leukaemia developed in a patient with psoriasis treated with oral 8‐methoxypsoralen and longwave ultraviolet light (PUVA) 2 years earlier. Attention is called to the possibility that the effect of PUVA on DNA synthesis may not be limited to the areas of the skin being treated but ‐ through damage to circulating multipotential stem cells ‐ may also lead to haematological malignancies.
Studies of the Haemopoietic Microenvironment
Authors: Noordegraaf E. M. , Ploemacher R. E.
Published: August 2010

Different glycosaminoglycans are described to be involved in processes of cell proliferation and differentiation. To investigate a possible direct involvement of glycosaminoglycans within the haemopoietic organs in erythropoiesis, biochemical separation and quantification of splenic and bone marrow glycosaminoglycans in anaemic and polycythaemic mice were performed. Hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulphate A, B and C were present in both organs under both conditions. Both in spleen and bone marrow of polycythaemic mice very low amounts of chondroitin sulphate A, B and C, and a higher amount of hyaluronic acid were found in comparison to normal mice. In anaemic mice only the amount of splenic chondroitin sulphate C was found to be lower than in normal mice.

It is demonstrated that considerable changes in sulphated and unsulphated glycosaminoglycans occur during erythropoietic stimulation and suppression. The present findings do not indicate a causal relationship between sulphated glycosaminoglycan levels in the haemopoietic organs and the extend of erythropoietic maturation.
Serum and Plasma Myeloperoxidase, Elastase and Lactoferrin Content in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia
Authors: Olsson Inge , Olofsson Tor , Ohlsson Kjell , Gustavsson Anita
Published: August 2010

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and elastase, restricted to azurophil granules of neutrophils, as well as lactoferrin, restricted to specific granules of neutrophils, were determined in plasma and serum from patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Highly sensitive radio immuno assays were developed for detection of these proteins. Serum MPO was increased in 12/35 and decreased in 2/35 patients without correlation to WBC or neutrophil counts; these levels may reflect an abnormal production by leukaemic blasts or ineffective granulopoiesis in the bone marrow. Serum elastase was increased in 6/22 patients. Serum lactoferrin was decreased in 12/25 patients without correlation to neutrophil counts probably reflecting abnormal production. Serum elastase and MPO showed a covariation in chronic myeloid leukaemia but not in AML; the latter finding may indicate that the synthesis of these two proteins is not synchronized in AML‐cells. Sequential studies of patients with AML demonstrated fluctuations of serum MPO and lactoferrin during remission most likely because of chemotherapeutic pertubation. Although a limited number of patients has been studied it is suggested that serum lactoferrin may be of help for prediction of relapse in AML.
Acute Leukaemia and Gaucher's Disease
Authors: Krause John R. , Bures Conrad , Lee Robert E.
Published: August 2010

An association between Gaucher's disease and haematopoietic neoplasias has been reported in only a few instances. The authors recently encountered 2 cases of adult Gaucher's disease that developed acute myelogencrus/myelomonocytic leukaemia. Both individuals had a pre‐leukaemic phase. These cases are reported.
Interhospital Differences in the Treatment of Acute Leukaemia in Adults
Authors: Group  , Ikkala E. , Lahtinen R. , Niskanen E. , Ruutu T. , Vuopio P. , Hänninen Auli , Palva I. , Timonen T. , Lehtinen Marja , Levanto A. , Rajamäki A. , Vilpo J. , Selroos O. , Ahrenberg Pia , Rosengård S. , Waris E. , Wasastjerna C. , Wasastjerna C. , Sarna S. ,   The Finnish Leukaemia Group
Published: August 2010

During 5 years 203 adults with acute leukaemia were treated with a combination of daunorubicin, cytararabine and prednisone in the trials of the Finnish Leukaemia Group (FLG). The participating hospitals were classified according to size into 3 groups: 75 patients were treated in Meilahti Hospital (University Central Hospital, Helsinki), 87 patients—over 5 patients per year in each of the hospitals of the KOTT‐group (university hospitals in Kuopio, Oulu, Tampere and Turku), and 41 patients—1 to 3 patients per year in each of the 6 hospitals of the other hospital group. The remission rate in other hospitals (21%) was significantly (P < 0.002) inferior to to those in Meilahti Hospital (54%) and in the KOTT‐group (51%). Evaluation of the survival data showed no difference between Meilahti Hospital and KOTT‐group, but the survival in other hospitals was significantly poorer, differing from that of Meilahti (P = 0.01) and from that of KOTT‐group (P = 0.02). The durations of remissions did not differ from each other. The distribution of patients by the type of leukaemia was similar in all groups and the interhospital differences were not related to the type of leukaemia. The remission rates in other hospitals were in all age groups smaller than in the two other groups.

The experience and skill gained by the doctors and the other hospital staff in treating more patients with acute leukaemia were regarded to be the main determinant of the better results achieved in the university hospitals. The slight differences in the age distribution of patients and in the facilities for supportive treatment were regarded to be of only minor importance.
Immunochemical Determination of Serum Transferrin: Reference Values, Correlation with Serum Total Iron‐Binding Capacity and Value in the Diagnosis of Iron Deficiency Anaemia and Anaemia of Chronic Disorders
Authors: Rajamäki A. , Irjala K. , Aitio A.
Published: August 2010

Immunologically determined reference values of serum transferrin are presented for adults and children. A good correlation between serum transferrin and total iron‐binding capacity values was found. In 2 groups of anaemic patients ‐ 51 patients with iron deficiency anaemia and 45 patients with anaemia of chronic disorders ‐ serum transferrin determination distinguishes the two groups of anaemic patients from normals somewhat better than TIBC determination.
Prolonged Effect of Corynebacterium Parvum Stimulation on Granulopoiesis
Authors: Eliopoulos G. D. , Andre S. , Anagnou N. P. , Fessas P.
Published: August 2010

An intravenous injection of 548 μg of killed Corynebacterium parvum (C. parvum) into C57BL mice led to a significant increase in the number of both committed stem cells (GM‐CFC) and proliferating cells of bone marrow granulocytic series. This increase appeared 24 h after the injection of the bacterium, persisted in varying levels until the 4th week and was accompanied by a marked and prolonged granulocytosis. The proportion of GM‐CFC in DNA synthesis was found to be increased 1, 2, and 5 d after injection of C. parvum. Increased serum lysozyme levels were observed on the 9th and 15th d. These findings suggest that C. parvum can stimulate granulopoiesis in the animal system. This property of the bacterium should be considered when a combined chemo‐immunotherapy schedule has to be applied.
Evaluation of Phagocytic and Bactericidal Activities of Neutrophil Granulocytes
Authors: Braconier J. H. , Odeberg H.
Published: August 2010

A method for evaluation of human neutrophil granulocyte function based on the combined determination of total and extracellular bacteria is described. The total number of surviving bacteria is assessed by the determination of colony forming units (CFU) after hypotonic lysis of granulocytes. Extracellular viable bacteria can be determined by the incorporation of 14C‐leucine or 3H‐thymidine into bacterial macromolecules since there is a linear relationship between macromolecular synthesis and bacterial number and insignificant amounts of both 14C‐leucine and 3H‐thymidine is taken up by intracellular viable organisms. This method might be suitable for the differentiation of defects in phagocytosis and intracellular killing of various bacteria.
Erythrocyte Volume and Count: A Linear Relation Descriptive of Population Differences
Authors: Lovlin R. E. , Sewchand L. S. , Beck J. S. , Rademaker A. W. , Rowlands S.
Published: August 2010

In a sample of 215 adult males the mean red cell volume decreases linearly with increasing red cell concentration. The mean corpuscular volume and the red cell count are found uncorrelated with age of subject. Of these subjects 69 are identified as smokers and 114 as nonsmokers. Linear regression analysis shows negative linear relation for the smoking‐defined groups, with slopes judged to be no different. When the regression lines are constrained to be parallel the line for smokers is displaced upward by 2.7 fl. No difference is found in mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration or reticulocyte count. Haematocrit, haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin are also reported. Viscosity of blood is greater in smokers. Optical determination of cell volume and area confirms the linear relation of volume and count.