bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L'intelligence artificielle et la digitalisation de l'enseignement : des leviers essentiels pour l'avenir de la formation en Afrique
Authors: Huet Jean-Michel
Published: November 2024

Le numérique a introduit des changements à tous les niveaux de la société. Son évolution a bouleversé les pratiques dans plusieurs domaines notamment celui de l’éducation et de la formation. La digitalisation de l’enseignement et formation technique et professionnelle (EFTP) et plus largement de l’enseignement supérieur peut être une réelle opportunité de renforcement des futures politiques en matière de gestion et de planification du secteur en Afrique. Cette contribution explore les enjeux autour de la formation universitaire et professionnelle avec l’intelligence artificielle. Elle s’interroge d’une part sur la contribution de l’IA à l’amélioration de la formation (travail des professeurs, développement de nouveaux supports de formation notamment grâce à l’intégration de la réalité virtuelle, suivi post-diplôme des étudiants, etc.) et d’autre part, sur les facteurs clés de succès pour le développement de formations encore plus spécifiques autour de l’IA.
Les sources d’information journalistiques face aux deepfakes
Authors: Dikanga Kazadi Jean-Marie
Published: November 2024

La sécurité des sources d’information dans la profession journalistique constitue un dispositif incontournable de la charte de Munich de 1971. Les devoirs 1 et 3 sont illustratifs à ce propos. Devoir 1 : respecter la vérité, quelles qu’en puissent être les conséquences pour lui-même, et ce, en raison du droit que le public a de connaître la vérité. Devoir 3 : publier seulement les informations dont l’origine est connue ou les accompagner, si c’est nécessaire, des réserves qui s’imposent ; ne pas supprimer les informations essentielles et ne pas altérer les textes et les documents (Charte de Munich, 1971). En effet, c’est au regard de la qualité des sources que le produit informationnel est traité pour être servi, sous forme d’information, aux consommateurs des médias (lecteurs, auditeurs, téléspectateurs). Pour le journaliste donc, la qualité de la source est fondamentale et le fait de ne pas la révéler, ni la trahir constitue un principe inviolable ; quelles que soient les circonstances de temps et de lieu. Ceci relève de la valeur démocratique de la liberté d’expression et du droit pour tous d’être informé. Avec l’avènement du deepfake dont l’altération de l’image et du son est difficilement détectable pour les non-initiés, le journaliste non avisé qui s’en sert comme source d’information expose son organe de presse à la décrédibilisation de la production. C’est cette préoccupation que cet article se propose d’explorer.
Policy product: Using machine learning to mitigate climate disasters
Authors: Iqbal Sabahat
Published: November 2024

Climate change induced by human activities is a threat to us all, with consequences for various aspects of life (high temperatures, droughts, fires, floods) and worsening weather conditions. Faced with this situation, it is important to set up early warning systems. These systems, which aim to warn people of impending storms, floods or droughts, are not insignificant. They are an effective tool for saving lives and reducing economic losses and damage caused by meteorological, hydrological and climatic hazards1 . With this in mind, United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres launched a global appeal in 2022 for all the world’s inhabitants to be protected by a multi-hazard early warning system (MHEWS) by 2027. Defined as the set of algorithms used to analyse data in order to identify patterns, trends, correlations and other relevant information that improve the decision-making process, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in weather prediction. This article therefore analyses its various implications for risk and disaster prevention, through its contributions to early warning systems.
AI innovation in Africa: An overview of opportunities, risks and the legal context
Authors: Clarke De La Cerda Jorge , Bejaui Rim , Bonyo Linda
Published: November 2024

AI innovation in Africa offers a unique opportunity to develop technological solutions that could have a profound impact on the lives of African citizens. Whether it’s improving access to healthcare, providing better educational opportunities, developing more efficient means of communication or facilitating access to financial services, AI could revolutionise the way African countries operate and lead to increased economic growth as well as more efficient government services. However, there are potential risks and challenges that need to be addressed, such as privacy concerns, the potential for data misuse and the potential for AI systems to be used to propagate discrimination or inequality. It is therefore imperative that any AI application is developed in a responsible and ethical manner, taking into account the legal context in which it is used, which includes an understanding of the regulatory frameworks in place at national and regional levels. This article explores the opportunities, risks and legal context associated with AI innovation in Africa, in order to help promote responsible and ethical innovation through AI in Africa.
Intelligence artificielle et entrepreneuriat
Authors: Vallée Linda Nanan , Aka Jean-Brice
Published: November 2024

Dans cet article, les co-auteurs, après avoir défini les termes d’entrepreneuriat et d’intelligence artificielle (IA), offre une (re)découverte des types d’IA et d’apprentissage automatique. De l’IA étroite à la super IA, du machine learning au deep learning, de l’apprentissage supervisé à l’apprentissage non-supervisé. Trois cas d’entreprises ivoiriennes, dont les principales solutions sont fondées sur l’IA, sont ensuite présentés : une première entreprise dans le domaine de l’agriculture, une seconde dans celui de la sécurité informatique, puis une troisième apportant une innovation notable dans le monde de l’électrotechnique. Les co-auteurs présentent également un modèle théorique construit en 2021 pour interpréter le rôle de l’IA dans le processus entrepreneurial, et encouragent tout entrepreneur ou aspirant entrepreneur à investir dans l’IA, afin de tirer parti des bénéfices qu’elle peut apporter à différents niveaux (antécédents, prospection, conception organisationnelle, exploitation, résultats). Cela n’allant pas sans effet pervers, un bon degré de vigilance est recommandé.
Aprender sobre la Inteligencia Artificial desde una perspectiva ética
Authors: Herrera-Aguilar Miriam
Published: November 2024

El objetivo del presente estudio es identificar qué conocimientos sobre la Inteligencia Artificial y qué problemáticas del campo son abordables, desde una perspectiva ética, en el marco de una educación para los medios y las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. Teóricamente, el trabajo se sustenta en la educomunicación y la ética aplicada. Desde un enfoque cualitativo, se lleva a cabo un análisis documental a través de una metodología heurístico-hermenéutica. Los resultados dejan ver que las competencias a desarrollar en una Alfabetización en Inteligencia Artificial, en construcción, tendrían que derivar de los intereses propios de los participantes; sin embargo, el conocimiento y la comprensión de la Inteligencia Humana y la IA, así como la adopción del principio ético de respetar, proteger y promover los derechos humanos, se revelan significativos al respecto.
Artificial intelligence in broadcasting: awareness and perception of government policies by staff of open and distance learning institutions in Nigeria. A case study of IPPIS policies in NOUN
Authors: Onwubere Chidinma Henrietta , Osuji Henry O.
Published: November 2024

One of the key advantages of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is to decrease the social and economic inequalities within the society (Villani, C. et al, 2018), through the dissemination of accurate and timely information. This is only possible where A1 technologies are effectively used to broadcast vital information or policies to people about issues that affect their well-being. One of such policies is the Integrated Personnel and Payroll Information System (IPPIS) which was implemented by the Nigerian Government to forestall and further curb excessive spending and mismanagement of public funds. But one questions the adoption, implementation and efficacy of this financial policy on the Nigerian public servants, especially the staff of the federal government institutions of tertiary education. This policy also interferes with the existing financial policies in these institutions especially in Open and Distance Learning (ODL) educational systems with huge staff whose productive output depends on their social well-being orchestrated on adequate information. The National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN) is a leading ODL institution in Nigeria with 4615 workers. New government policies should not destabilise the smooth-running system and pitch her staff against the University Management or the National Universities Union against the Federal Government. Rather, a suitable subtle way of worming in government policies into the systems is ideal. In NOUN, no previous information, seminars or sensitisation was done to intimate the staff about the on-coming financial policy before its implementation despite availability of adequate AI technologies and commensurate staff to man them, hence making the staff very sad and humiliated! This has created disharmony, bitterness and rancour among the NOUN staff, especially in the academia. It has positioned the Nigerian government negatively before NOUN staff, making them continuously castigate the Federal Public Service of Nigeria. These unpleasant effects of the mass miscommunication on IPPIS demonstrate the pertinence of AI-powered broadcasting, that is, how mass communication of public policies can fail when AI-assisted broadcasting is absent. This paper investigates the level of awareness of NOUN staff about the need for the adoption and implementation of IPPIS as a government policy aimed at reforming the financial management process in Nigeria, the perception of NOUN Staff towards IPPIS and its benefits to them. The study, anchored on Robert Freeman’s Stakeholder Theory, led us to expand the theory into a multi-stakeholder theory for policy-making, based on empirical facts embedded in the model of the United Nations 17 Sustainable Development Goals for 2030.
Attracting Visual Attention in a Digital Age
Authors: Conley Quincy
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine whether previously established visual attention patterns remained intact during video scenes designed to elicit specific emotions using a novel suite of biosensors. To examine the relationship between visual attention and emotion, data from eye tracking, facial expression recognition (FER), and galvanic skin response (GSR) combined with survey data were used to identify the bottom-up and top-down features of saliency in videos that contributed to their “interestingness.” Using a mixed-methods design and convenience sampling, participants (N = 42) watched 60 video clips designed to evoke different emotional responses (positive, neutral, or negative). The results indicated that using a suite of biosensors to examine the impacts of bottom-up and top-down features of visual attention was effective.
A Meta-Analytic Structural Equation Modelling (MASEM) Approach Toward Scrutinizing the Influence of Brand Equity Antecedents on Brand Advocacy
Authors: AlRoshoud Abdullah Nabeel , Osman El-Gohary Hatem
Published: November 2024

Brand equity antecedents are essential in the creation and development of brand advocacy strategies and implementation tactics that transform conventional customers into active brand advocates. Yet, the association incorporating these two concepts is less studied. This research aims to bridge such a gap by combining these two approaches to explore the most influential antecedents of brand equity for incentivizing brand advocacy within technological platforms. The proposed model was assessed using Meta-Analytic Structural Equation Modeling (MASEM). The study featured 68 empirical studies with 183 correlations derived from 15 hypothetical ‎relationships and a combined sample of 24,585 respondents. The findings authenticate the significance of all the relationships among BE antecedents proposed in this study. Moreover, the findings reveal that brand awareness can be linked with brand advocacy via the intervention and mediating role of brand image. Additionally, the outcomes of the study highlight that brand image has a greater overall influence than brand loyalty on brand advocacy.
Variable Resistance Training Combined With Static Traction Computer Vision Applied in Neck and Shoulder Rehabilitation Training for College Students
Authors: Liu Yang , Ran NingPei , He Yi , Wu Gang , Zhao XiaoPeng , Cao Miao , Luo Guangxia
Published: November 2024

This study evaluates the effectiveness of static traction combined with variable resistance training in rehabilitating college students with neck and shoulder diseases. Ninety students were randomly assigned to receive either static traction alone or combined therapy. Visual analogue scale (VAS), neck disability index (NDI), cervical range of motion, electromyography (EMG), and soft tissue parameters were assessed pre- and post-treatment. Both groups showed improved VAS and NDI scores post-treatment, with greater enhancements in the combined therapy group. Cervical range of motion, EMG values, and soft tissue parameters also favored the combined therapy. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences (P<0.05) between groups. Static traction combined with variable resistance training effectively improves neck and shoulder function, reduces pain, and enhances rehabilitation outcomes compared to static traction alone. This approach shows promise for optimizing rehabilitation in college students with similar musculoskeletal conditions.
Assessing Employee Susceptibility to Cybersecurity Risks
Authors: Martínez-Peláez Rafael , Velarde-Alvarado Pablo , Félix Vanessa G. , Ochoa-Brust Alberto , Ostos Rodolfo , Mena Luis J.
Published: November 2024

This research challenges assumptions about cybersecurity risk factors, revealing that age, gender, and educational background are not significant determinants of employee susceptibility. It highlights the importance of inclusive cybersecurity training programs that cater to individuals of all age groups, dispelling the misconception that older employees are inherently less tech-savvy and more susceptible to cybersecurity threats. The findings show that cybersecurity teams within organizations significantly impact the adoption of security policies and data handling practices among employees, even though their influence on password and account security practices is limited. Organizations can adopt a holistic approach to cybersecurity training and awareness programs by leveraging these insights. This approach transcends traditional demographics and focuses on enhancing password and account security, ultimately strengthening cybersecurity postures, fostering a culture of cybersecurity consciousness, and fortifying defenses against the evolving landscape of digital threats.
Attention Pyramid Networks for Object Detection With Semantic Information Fusion
Authors: Hua Hui , Chen Jiahong
Published: November 2024

Pyramid context information fusion has limitations in distinguishing background and important semantic information. The attention mechanism solves the limitations, but the detection effect for small target detection and occluded object detection is not good. In order to solve the above problems, a target detection method based on attention pyramid information fusion (APIFNet) is proposed. It consists of Dynamic Pyramid Attention Fusion Module (DPAF) and Attention Semantic Contextual Information Module (ACM). First, the DPAF module fuses information at different scales and simultaneously guides the learning of low-level features by high-level features to enhance semantic information and spatial details. Then, in order to detect small targets and occluded objects, the ACM module effectively enhances the detection ability of small targets by emphasizing the importance of foreground contextual semantic information and suppressing unimportant semantic information. Ultimately, APIFNet outperforms other methods in terms of evaluation performance on the COCO and PASCAL VOC data sets.
AI and Database Management for Organizational Transformation With Insights From Twitter Data
Authors: Joy Shijo , Panda Deepak Kumar , Panigrahi Prabin Kumar , Attar Razaz Waheeb , Gupta Brij B.
Published: November 2024

This paper explores the role of AI and database management in organizational transformation using insights from Twitter data. By analyzing 30,000 English-language tweets with methods such as word analysis, topic modeling, network analysis, sentiment analysis, and emotion analysis, the study reveals a strong correlation between AI and digital transformation. The findings show positive sentiment and optimism about AI's potential. This research highlights the importance of social influence, perceived trust, and awareness in AI adoption, offering valuable insights for researchers and practitioners. Despite relying on Twitter data, the study provides practical guidance for leveraging AI in digital transformation efforts.
Ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Pseudarthria hookeri: A narrative review
Authors: Maroyi Alfred
Published: November 2024

Background: Pseudarthria hookeri Wight Arn. is a well-known and widely used medicinal plant in tropical Africa.Aim: The current study was aimed at documenting the ethnomedicinal uses, and botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of P. hookeri.Setting: This review provides an overview of the traditional and medicinal uses of P. hookeri, as well as its botanical, chemical and pharmacological properties.Method: The literature search on existing information on ethnomedicinal uses, botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of P. hookeri was conducted using online databases such as PubMed®, Web of Science, SciELO, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect®, SpringerLink® and Scopus® and also pre-electronic literature obtained from the university library.Results: Pseudarthria hookeri is used as aphrodisiac and ethnoveterinary medicine, and as traditional medicine for female reproductive problems, malaria, gastro-intestinal problems, respiratory infections, liver and skin problems. Chemical compounds identified from P. hookeri include flavonoids, acetate, anthraquinones, coumaronochromones, ether, oligothiophene, phenolic acid, alkaloids, catechic tannins, polyphenols, polyterpenes, quinones, saponosides and sterols. Pseudarthria hookeri crude extracts and some chemical compounds isolated from the species demonstrated anti-anaemic, antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antiplasmodial, antiproliferative, antischistosomal, oestrogenic and larvicidal activities.Conclusion: This review highlights the need for detailed ethnopharmacological assessments of P. hookeri focussing on its phytochemical, biological and toxicological properties, in vivo and clinical studies.Contribution: Pseudarthria hookeri is an important medicinal plant and has potential as a source of health and pharmaceutical products.
Unusual Cutaneous Reaction with Erlotinib: A Brief Report with Current Review of Management of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-associated Cutaneous Toxicity
Authors: Aashita  , Yadav Vikas , Thakur Pragyat , Kapoor Anuja
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have emerged as the preferred choice of treatment for various tumors as a result of better outcomes and quality of life without the debilitating side effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy. Erlotinib is a TKI against epidermal growth factor receptor that is commonly used in lung cancer and pancreatic cancer. The most common adverse effect expected is cutaneous toxicity, which occurs as acneiform rash. Here, we present a case of 71-year-old man with metastatic lung cancer who had an atypical squamous-crusted eruption with intense itching and pain on his forehead that resolved spontaneously after withholding erlotinib along with supportive care. The present case depicts unusual cutaneous toxicity with the use of TKI.
On the mod $k$ chromatic index of graphs
Authors: Nweit Oothan , Yang Daqing
Published: November 2024

For a graph $G$ and an integer $k\geq 2$, a $\chi'_{k}$-coloring of $G$ is an
edge coloring of $G$ such that the subgraph induced by the edges of each color
has all degrees congruent to $1 ~ (\mod k)$, and $\chi'_{k}(G)$ is the minimum
number of colors in a $\chi'_{k}$-coloring of $G$. In ["The mod $k$ chromatic
index of graphs is $O(k)$", J. Graph Theory. 2023; 102: 197-200], Botler,
Colucci and Kohayakawa proved that $\chi'_{k}(G)\leq 198k-101$ for every graph
$G$. In this paper, we show that $\chi'_{k}(G) \leq 177k-93$.
Changes in Medical Students’ Opinions and Narratives in Medical Ethics Using Case-Based Discussions
Authors: Park Hye Jin , Lee Ae Hwa
Published: November 2024

The importance of medical ethics education is increasingly emphasized in medical schools. To improve students’ problem-solving skills, various medical ethics cases are developed and discussed in medical ethics. In this study, based on actual cases of telemedicine and doctors’ strikes, we aim to reflect on medical students’ narratives and identify changes in shared thoughts. The study included 83 students, with responses from 75 students, excluding insincere responses, analyzed. Changes in opinion during discussions were examined using Giorgi’s phenomenological analysis. There was a significant difference in the pros and cons of telemedicine and doctors’ strikes before and after the discussion. The pros of telemedicine were analyzed as ‘expanding healthcare coverage,’ ‘preparing for emerging infectious diseases like coronavirus disease 2019,’ and ‘efficiency of care for certain conditions.’ The cons included ‘high likelihood of misdiagnosis,’ ‘premature implementation and possible abuse of the system,’ ‘risk of healthcare system collapse,’ ‘issues with rural internet and medical devices, and privacy leaks.’ The pros of the doctors’ strike included ‘the need for policies with expert inputs,’ ‘telemedicine may not benefit patients,’ and ‘Korean Medical Association endorsement.’ The cons focused on ‘lack of legitimacy, even if the system is flawed,’ ‘negative image,’ and ‘ignoring doctors’ personal opinions.’ As future doctors, today’s medical students will encounter more complex ethical issues. Medical ethics cases help determine whether they can effectively persuade others with evidence when faced with ethical dilemmas in actual practice.
Frailty: Assessment and Intervention
Authors: Moon Hana , Lee Geon Ho , Kim DaeHyun
Published: November 2024

Frailty poses a complex challenge to the health and well-being of aging populations, particularly in South Korea, where its prevalence is substantial and increasing. This review explores the landscape of frailty assessment and management in Korea, emphasizing the transition from a disease-centric approach to one focused on maintaining functional abilities and promoting healthy aging. This review covers various frailty screening tools, comprehensive geriatric assessment methods, and targeted interventions across domains such as polypharmacy, physical activity, nutrition, oral health, vitamin D supplementation, cognitive function, falls, and social frailty. The integration of these strategies aims to address the multifaceted nature of frailty and improve health outcomes for older adults. Furthermore, the importance of regular monitoring and reassessment is highlighted to guide personalized interventions and optimize outcomes, particularly for older adults with chronic illnesses. Through a multifaceted approach encompassing medical, social, and functional dimensions, this review advocates for effective frailty management to enhance the health and well-being of elderly in Korea and globally.
SNSF Datastory - OA monitoring 2022: strong increase and continued demand for article funding
Authors: Philipp Tobias , Lanzerstorfer Marlene , Gorin Simon
Published: November 2024

By the end of 2022, the percentage of open access publications produced by SNSF-funded projects had risen to 81%. The SNSF funded a total of 3.9 million francs for the publication of journal articles.
Examining the Disaster Awareness Levels of Secondary School Students
Authors: Durmuş Esen , Kınacı Müşerref Kübra , Kuruyer Dilan
Published: November 2024

Natural events are considered disasters when they cause harm to people and living spaces. Since natural disasters cannot be prevented, individuals need to learn to live with and become aware of them. This awareness is critical in minimizing the impact of disasters and can only be achieved through disaster education. Disaster-related outcomes in secondary school are concentrated in the social studies curriculum, and therefore, social studies is an important subject for disaster education. If high-quality disaster education is provided as a part of this course, students are likely to acquire skills to cope with disasters. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to examine the level of disaster awareness among secondary school students. Accordingly, a mixed-method approach, combining qualitative and quantitative methods, was employed in the study. This study was conducted using an explanatory sequential design within the mixed-method approach. The sample was selected using criterion sampling, one of the purposeful sampling methods. Consequently, the study was conducted with 396 students selected from the 5th, 6th, and 7th grades during the 2023-2024 academic year. The study group was selected on a voluntary basis from the sample to which quantitative data were applied. In the quantitative part of the study, the "Disaster Awareness Scale for Secondary School Students" was used to collect data, and in the qualitative part, a semi-structured interview form developed by the researchers was used. The quantitative findings of the study showed that secondary school students had high levels of disaster awareness. However, the qualitative findings did not support the quantitative findings.
Implementasi Yolo V8 pada Prototipe Autonomous Underwater Robot Berbasis Raspberry Pi 5 Guna Menanggulangi Pencemaran Sampah Plastik di Daerah Perairan
Authors: Saputra Jonathan Widodo Wiji , Naufal Muhammad Allam , Putra Oditya Andalas
Published: November 2024

Plastic waste pollution in aquatic environments threatens marine ecosystems and human health. This study developed a prototype Autonomous Underwater Robot (AUR) based on Raspberry Pi 5, equipped with the YOLO V8 algorithm for real-time detection and classification of plastic waste. Additionally, the AUR uses a PID control system that enables movement stabilization and accurate navigation towards the target. Testing was conducted to evaluate object detection accuracy using mAP and IoU metrics, as well as the PID control performance in maintaining orientation stability. Results indicate that YOLO V8 on the AUR can detect and classify objects with an mAP of 0.6772 at IoU 0.5 and a detection accuracy of 89.6%. The PID control system, with an optimal parameter setting (Kp:Ki:Kd = 125:12:8), achieved an object center accuracy of 96.4%, orientation stability of 90.8%, and a completion time of 2 seconds, demonstrating the efficiency of the AUR in addressing plastic waste in aquatic environments effectively and sustainably.
Investigating Media Accessibility for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing in Iraq
Authors: Aldanani Mansour K. Thajeel
Published: November 2024

Media accessibility, (MA) for short, is still largely uncharted research territory in the Translation Studies scene in Iraq. To examine the status quo of media accessibility for the (DHH) community, this study has three aims to address: first, to subject the Iraqi constitution to a thematic analysis to highlight the legal status of media accessibility; second, to examine the real actions taken by the government and non-governmental organizations to ensure that the d/Deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) can access this service; third, to probe the DHH community’s reception and their level of expectations towards the available (MA) service. The findings suggest that the Constitution of the Republic of Iraq contains Articles that refer directly to rights of people with special needs to access the public service, but no reference to the right of media accessibility (MA) is identified. The study also shows that sign language interpreting (SLI), though scarcely employed in very few TV channels, has been the only audiovisual modality available for DHH viewers to access TV news whereas subtitling for the d/Deaf and hard of hearing (SDH) modality has never been implemented.
Legalitas Drone (Pesawat Tanpa Awak) Sebagai Alat Melakukan Mata-Mata Dalam Perang
Authors: Harling Firstjuan Imanuel Van , Peilouw Johanis Steny Franco , Hanafi Irma Halimah
Published: November 2024

Introduction: The use of drone technology as a weapon of war raises several problems, both in terms of action and consequences. In terms of action, when drones are used as weapons, participants in armed conflict are no longer just humans fighting each other, but between (non-living) robots against living (humans). Apart from the legality of war and the use of drones as weapons of war, drone attacks can be carried out secretly, at any time and without the knowledge of the enemy.Purposes of the Research: This writing aims to examine and find out the use of drones (unmanned aircraft) as a tool for espionage in International Humanitarian Law and more specific rules regarding the use of drones (unmanned aircraft) as a tool for spying in war.Methods of the Research: The type of research used in this paper is normative legal research. As for answering the problems in this study, the authors use three approaches to the problem, namely the statutory approach (statute approach), conceptual approach (conceptual approach) and case approach (case approach). The procedure for collecting legal materials carried out by the author is by searching for and collecting laws and regulations related to the legal issues at hand. Legislation in this case includes both legislation and regulation. Analysis of legal material uses qualitative methods, namely studies related to legal norms contained in international law legislation and legal norms that exist in society.Results of the Research: The results of this study indicate that the use of drones (unmanned aircraft) as a tool to carry out espionage in International Humanitarian Law, is contained in Article 36 of Additional Protocol I to the 1977 Geneva Convention. Article 36 intends to maintain the development of weapons used both by countries and international organizations to continue to respect, maintain and not cross the boundaries of existing international humanitarian law principles. The current arrangement is too old and cannot be definitively binding. The use of drones as weapons has been carried out in the absence of an adequate legal regulation on this matter, Article 36 of Additional Protocol I of 1977 only contains general matters regarding the development of weapons technology and methods of warfare, but does not specifically and specifically regulate the use of drones. The absence of legal rules that specifically and specifically regulate the use of drones, which relate to their use as weapons, this will open up enormous opportunities for misuse and violations of international humanitarian law.
Akibat Hukum Penentuan Nasib Sendiri Menurut Hukum Internasional (Kasus Di Papua Barat)
Authors: Pollatu Maretz , Wattimena Josina Augustina Yvonne , Waas Richard Marsilio
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Legal independence by contract in international law is a form of self-deception (the right to self-determination), so that self-deception is a right that must also be emphasized more so that countries can follow it. Purposes of the Research:  The purpose of this writing is to study and find out the legal consequences according to international law (the case in West Papua).Methods of the Research: This study uses a normative juridical method with the legal materials used in the research being primary, secondary and tertiary and the procedure and analysis of legal materials in the research through the process of collecting legal materials then studied, read, studied, classified, and analyzed qualitatively.Results of the Research: The legal consequences of the problem regarding Benny Wenda's statement are not in accordance with international law so that the legal consequences are faded towards a certain legal situation because the State of Indonesia is a sovereign country through the process of fighting for human rights and state values based on democratic references.
Pembatalan Sepihak Oleh Penjual Dalam Perjanjian Jual Beli Online
Authors: Lasut Tesalonica Heavenly , Akyuwen Rory Jeff , Kuahaty Sarah Selfina
Published: November 2024

Introduction: At first, the community carried out conventional buying and selling transactions where the sellers and buyers met face to face. However, with the very rapid development of technology, modern society is more inclined to carry out buying and selling transactions online without face-to-face meetings. This has a positive but also negative impact due to the fact that what is happening with the development of online buying and selling transactions triggers the emergence of unscrupulous people who take advantage of this situation. Among them are related to the seller who sometimes terminates the agreement by unilaterally canceling the buyer who has made a payment transaction for an item or product being traded.Purposes of the Research:  The purpose of this study is to find out and examine whether the unilateral cancellation by the seller is an act of default and what are the legal remedies against the buyer who is harmed by the seller's unilateral cancellationMethods of the Research: This research is a normative juridical. The approach used in this research is the statute approach and the conceptual approach. The sources of legal materials are primary, secondary and tertiary where the collection of legal materials is carried out using library research. Furthermore, it is analyzed qualitatively by processing, analyzing and constructing the results as a whole so that in the end it can answer the problems studied.Results of the Research: The results of this study indicate that the cancellation of online buying and selling agreements unilaterally by the seller against the buyer is an act of default because the seller does not have the effort to fulfill the achievements or obligations that should be carried out in accordance with the rules in force in Article 7 of Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection where the seller do not fulfill their achievements at all and are declared negligent in fulfilling their achievements. The process of resolving consumer disputes can be resolved through two channels, namely through litigation with lawsuits to court and non-litigation through the Consumer Dispute Settlement Agency (known as BPSK) through conciliation, mediation or arbitration and the Non-Governmental Consumer Protection Agency (known as LPKSM).
Penerapan Daya Paksa dalam Penyelesaian Perkara Penganiayaan yang dilakukan Korban Terhadap Pelaku Begal
Authors: Syauta Eko Prasetio , Titahelu Juanrico Alfaromona Sumarezs , Leasa Elias Zadrach
Published: November 2024

Introduction:  Forced power in criminal law is the most important part and cannot be separated from criminal acts to measure and determine a grant of accountability to someone who commits a crime and is regulated in Article 48 of the Criminal Code which states: Whoever commits an act due to the influence of coercive force, is not can be punished. However, in the case that occurred at the Kepanjen District Court in Malang district, it gave the opposite decision regarding the abuse case committed by the victim MZA against the robber by giving MZA a guilty verdict for legally committing maltreatment which caused the death of a person as stipulated in Article 351 of the Criminal Code.Purposes of the Research: To find out and analyze the process of resolving cases of abuse committed by victims against robbers, to find out and analyze the judge's legal considerations regarding the criminal act of abuse committed by the victim against the robber.Methods of the Research:  The research method used is Normative Juridical, Type of research is Descriptive Analytical, Sources of legal materials: Primary, Secondary and Tertiary, Techniques for collecting legal materials using Literature Study, Analysis of legal materials using Qualitative methods.Results of the Research:  The results of the study show that: 1. Sanctions were given to MZA as the perpetrator of the persecution that caused the death of a person (in this case the victim of mugging) committed by the victim MISNAN and MAD (in this case the perpetrator of the robbery) in Decision Number 1/Pid.Sus- Anak/2020/PN.Kpn should not have been dropped on MZA because the act can be categorized as an act committed under coercive circumstances as stipulated in Article 48 of the Criminal Code. 2. Overall in Decision Number 1/Pid.Sus-Anak/2020/PN.Kpn the Panel of Judges has considered the existence of acts of self-defense in the case. However, according to the author, the Panel of Judges did not consider the legal facts at the location a case incident that forced and threatened MZA so that he could not escape which led to the act of taking out a knife and stabbing him as part of MZA's self-defense efforts
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Kebebasan Pers (Wartawan) Dalam Melakukan Kegiatan Jurnalistik
Authors: Nikodemus Jimris Fantos , Latupeirissa Julianus Edwin , Ubwarin Erwin
Published: November 2024

Introduction:  Freedom of the press is fundamental. Freedom is meant in the context of exercising the rights, functions and roles of the press. Journalists as people who carry out these functions and roles, get guaranteed legal protection. In Article 8 of Law No. 40 of 1999 concerning the Press it states "In carrying out their profession journalists receive legal protection". However, in reality, cases of violence, intimidation and threats against journalists are still occurring.Purposes of the Research: Reviewing and discussing whether actions that impede freedom of the press can be held criminally responsible and reviewing and discussing legal protection for freedom of the press (journalists) in conducting journalistic activities.Methods of the Research: The research method used is normative research based on statutory approaches, case approaches and conceptual approaches.Results of the Research: The results of the research found that acts that impede freedom of the press (journalists) in carrying out journalistic activities are criminal acts and for those actions committed, they can be held criminally responsible and can be processed based on applicable law. On the other hand, legal protection from both the government and/or the public for journalists must be carried out with full awareness and a high sense of responsibility so that good synergy is built to create a sense of security for journalists in carrying out their noble duties.
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Yang Menjadi Korban Tindak Pidana Pencabulan
Authors: Polnaya Marselio F. H. , Supusepa Reimon , Tuhumury Carolina
Published: November 2024

Introduction: The criminal act of molestation of children is a crime that violates morality, immorality and religion.Purposes of the Research: analyze the form of legal protection for children who are victims of criminal acts of obscenity, and to be able to find out the efforts to deal with children who are victims of criminal acts of obscenity.Methods of the Research: victims of sexual abuse. The type of research used is "Normative Juridical" research, and is descriptive analysis in nature, the research approach uses a statutory approach, a case approach, and a conceptual approach. The technique of collecting legal materials through library research, then analyzing the legal materials used is qualitativeResults of the Research: The implementation of child protection in the form of state responsibility is that the responsibility of the state for the promotion of children's rights is not just a legal responsibility, but a constitutional responsibility and human rights that have been recognized internationally. So it is every member of the community who seeks to protect children according to their abilities with various kinds of efforts in certain situations and conditions. Every citizen is also responsible for implementing child protection for the sake of child welfare, because child protection has a positive influence on parents, family, society, government and the state. Coordination of collaborative child protection activities needs to be carried out in order to prevent an imbalance in overall child protection activities. Efforts to deal with criminal acts of sexual abuse of minors can be carried out in two ways, namely prevention and management if criminal acts of sexual abuse of children have already occurred
Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Dalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi Saksi
Authors: De Fretes Petra Jon , Hehanussa Deassy Jacomina Anthoneta , Hattu Jacob
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Legal protection for witnesses in corruption crimes is a form of service that must be provided by the government to witnesses to provide a sense of security.Purposes of the Research: The purpose of this study is to analyze and discuss legal protection for witnesses in corruption crimes according to Law Number 13 of 2006 concerning the Protection of Witnesses and Victims and to analyze and explain the mechanisms for providing legal protection to witnesses and victims by the LPSK.Methods of the Research: The method used is normative juridical with the Statute Approach, Conceptual Approach and Case Approach, and uses primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials.Results of the Research: The results of this study indicate that legal protection for witnesses in criminal acts of corruption according to Law No. 13 of 2006 must be given to witnesses since they are appointed as witnesses. This is to protect witnesses from actions outside the law that can harm witnesses. Then the mechanism for providing legal protection for witnesses should be that legal protection is a right for witnesses. Therefore, all mechanisms or procedural forms in providing protection must be eliminated by taking into account the urgency of providing legal protection for witnesses.
Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pekerja Di Kota Ambon
Authors: Tandjung Meigy , Salmon Hendrik , Bakarbessy Andress Deny
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Sumber Hidup Hospital Ambon, the system of paying wages to its workers is not going well. The Sumber Hidup Hospital Workers' Union filed a lawsuit against Sumber Hidup Hospital at the Ambon District Court.Purposes of the Research: To find out and analyze the wage system based on Government Regulation Number 36 of 2021 Concerning Wages. To find out that companies are required to apply wages based on Government Regulation Number 36 of 2021.Methods of the Research: This research uses normative juridical research methods. The research approach used by the author is a statutory approach (Statute Approach) and a conceptual approach (Conceptual Approach). The procedure for collecting legal materials is carried out by means of library research. The legal materials used by the author in this study are primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials.Results of the Research: Government Regulation no. 36 of 2021 concerning Wages specifically for Sumber Hidup Hospital workers has not been implemented in practice. particularly in relation to the policy of wages and payment of rights and obligations because there are still many irregularities that occur in the implementation of these Government Regulations. This is evident from the complaints and unrest of the Sumber Hidup Hospital workers where the Sumber Hidup Hospital Foundation as the employer has not paid the workers' wages, so the workers' rights and the employer's obligations have not been fulfilled.
Tanggungjawab Negara Arab Saudi Dalam Pelanggaran Terhadap Hukum Diplomatik
Authors: Rutumalessy Karina Alishe , Wattimena Josina Augustina Yvonne , Waas Richard Marsilio
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Countries in the world that live side by side must establish cooperative relations with one another. Relations between these countries require various rules so as to give birth to diplomatic and consular provisions, namely in the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations and the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations. However, it is undeniable that even though it has been regulated in such a way, violations of the provisions of international law cannot be avoided because they are closely related to human relations. For example, the violations committed by Saudi Arabia.Purposes of the Research: This writing aims to find out the violations of Diplomatic Law committed and the form of accountability that must be fulfilled by Saudi ArabiaMethods of the Research: Using Normative Legal Research Type. This type of research will be carried out by examining and analyzing primary and secondary legal sources that are related to the problem being studied using a statute approach, a case approach, and a conceptual approach.Results of the Research: Based on this research, it can be concluded that Saudi Arabia has been proven to have violated diplomatic law by violating various principles that regulate the course of relations between countries and the provisions of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations and the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations. Thus, based on the provisions of the Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, Saudi Arabia can be held responsible for its mistakes in the form of giving restitution, compensation, or actions that cause satisfaction, for example, a formal apology
Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Debitur Pailit Untuk Mewujudkan Asas Kelangsungan Usaha Pada Masa Covid-19
Authors: Reniwurwarin Alfin Mubin , Saija Ronald , Labetubun Muchtar Anshary Hamid
Published: November 2024

Introduction: The Covid-19 pandemic has had so many impacts on social life, especially in the economic field, many debtors are experiencing difficulties in paying their debts because of Covid-19, Law Number 37 of 2004 concerning bankruptcy and suspension of debt payment obligations as a settlement of bankruptcy disputes becomes alternative in the debtor's efforts so that the debtor gets out of bankruptcy and can resume his business.Purposes of the Research: The purpose of this paper is to find out the factors that led to debtors going bankrupt during the Covid-19 period and efforts to protect debtors who are experiencing bankruptcy so they can continue their business again.Methods of the Research: The type of research used in this paper is normative legal research. As for answering the problems in this study, the authors use three approaches to the problem, namely the statutory approach (statute approach), and conceptual approach (conceptual approach). The procedure for collecting legal materials carried out by the author is by searching for and collecting laws and regulations related to the legal issues at hand. Legislation in this case includes both legislation and regulation. Analysis of legal material uses qualitative methods, namely studies related to legal norms contained legislation and legal norms that exist in society.Results of the Research: The results of this study indicate that the factors that influence bankrupt debtors during the Covid-19 period, namely, General Factors and External and Internal Factors, in an effort to protect debtors from continuing their business are preventive and repressive with the orientation of applying Force Majuere, debt restructuring and providing justice for bankrupt debitor.