bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kuruluşundan Günümüze Türkiye’de Radyo ve Televizyon Yayıncılığına Yönelik Yasal Düzenlemeler
Authors: Ankaralıgil Nazım
Published: May 2024

Günümüzde de önemini koruyan geleneksel kitle iletişim araçları, özellikle radyo ve televizyon, 20. yüzyılın akışını belirleyen en önemli etkenlerden olmuş; siyasi, ekonomik, sosyolojik ve kültürel boyutta sayısız değişimde rol oynamışlardır. Bu alandaki yasal düzenlemeler ülkelere ve sistemlere göre farklılık göstermiş, temel olarak girişimcilerin elinde olan özel sektör yayıncılığı ve devlet tekelinde olan kamu yayıncılığı şeklinde iki farklı yönde ilerlemiştir. Teknolojik gelişmelerin yasa koyucuları isteyerek veya mecburen yeni düzenlemeler yapmaya yönlendirmesi de yayıncılık alanında sık görülen bir durum olmuştur ve günümüzde de bu alan aynı özelliğini korumaktadır.

Türkiye’de elektromanyetik yayıncılığa yönelik ilk yasal düzenleme 1925 yılında gerçekleştirilmiş, ardından radyo yayınları gelişmiş ülkelerle neredeyse eşzamanlı olarak 1927 yılında başlamış; ancak düzenli televizyon yayınlarına diğer birçok ülkeye göre büyük bir gecikme ile 1968 yılında başlanabilmiştir. Başlangıcından günümüze çeşitli yasal ve anayasal düzenlemelerle örgütlenmeye ve işletilmeye çalışılan Türkiye’deki yayıncılık sistemi, ilk on yıllık kamu destekli özel sektör denemesinin ardından devlet tekeline geçmiş, 1964 yılında Türkiye Radyo Televizyon Kurumunun (TRT) kurulmasıyla bu kurum yaklaşık otuz yıl devletin bu alandaki tekel konumunu sürdürmüş, 1990’lara gelindiğinde yaşanan teknolojik gelişmeler, değişen dünya düzeni, liberalleşme, deregülasyon ve özelleştirme politikalarının etkisiyle Türkiye’de ticari radyo ve televizyon yayıncılığı başlamıştır. Ticari yayıncılığın başlangıcından bugüne kadar geçen yaklaşık otuz beş yıllık süre içinde anayasa ve yasalarda yapılan değişikliklerle yayıncılık alanı çağın gereklerine uygun olarak düzenlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de radyo ve televizyon yayıncılığına yönelik yasal düzenlemeleri, tarihsel süreç bağlamında ele alarak açıklamayı amaçlamaktadır.
Status and molecular genetic parameters of papillomavirus infection: individual characteristics and associative links with clinical and morphological factors of cervical cancer
Authors: Mkrtchian L. S. , Kiseleva V. I. , Krikunova L. I. , Boyko B. V. , Gusarova V. R. , Bezyaeva G. P. , Panarina L. V. , Ivanov S. A. , Kaprin A. D. , Zamulaeva I. A.
Published: May 2024

Purpose of the study. Study of the characteristics of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, comparison of HPV status, molecular and genetic parameters of HPV high risk (HR) with the clinical and morphological characteristics of cervical cancer.

Materials and methods. The study included 240 patients with morphologically verified cervical cancer stages I–III, in whom the presence of HPV DNA of 14 genotypes was examined before treatment; upon detection, viral load (VL), the presence and degree of DNA integration into the genome of the host cell were examined.

Results. A number of statistically significant associative relationships have been identified between the molecular and genetic parameters of HPV infection and clinical and morphological indicators of the tumor process, in particular the relationship of HPV-negative CC with age and stage of the disease; HPV infection with several genotypes and HPV genotype – with the histological type of tumor; VL – with age, stage and histological type of tumor. Significant associative connections have been established between the molecular genetic parameters of the virus itself: genotype and level of VL, genotype and integration of HPV DNA into the host genome, as well as a negative linear correlation between VL and the degree of integration.

Conclusion. The obtained data on the relationship between the molecular and genetic parameters of HPV infection and traditional prognostic factors can become the basis for further research on the development of prognostic models for the purpose of personalizing multimodal treatment programs.
KAJIAN EFEKTIFITAS MITIGASI BENCANA KEBAKARAN DI KAMPUNG NELAYAN TEGALSARI
Authors: Syahyudesrina  , Dadi Rusdiana
Published: May 2024

Pada bulan November 2021 dan Januari 2022 di Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai Tegalsari Kelurahan Tegalsari terjadi kebakaran. Membutuhkan waktu sekitar 72 jam pada tiap kejadian kebakaran untuk memadamkan api. Sekitar 700 meter dari lokasi terjadinya kebakaran, terdapat pemukiman padat yaitu Kampung Nelayan Tegalsari. Apabila dilihat dari karakteristik kegiatan yang mayoritas berprofesi sebagai nelayan, maka kejadian kebakaran yang pernah terjadi sebelumnya memiliki kemungkinan dapat terjadi juga di Kampung Nelayan Tegalsari. Dengan adanya ancaman kebakaran yang mungkin terjadi, maka perlu upaya mitigasi guna mengurangi risiko kebakaran. Selain melihat upaya mitigasi yang sudah ada, diperlukan juga analisis terhadap tingkat efektivitasnya. Sehingga dapat dilihat tingkat efektivitas mitigasi sebelum terjadinya kebakaran di Kampung Nelayan Tegalsari. Komponen mitigasi pada penelitian ini yaitu pasokan air, hidran, pos pemadam, aksesibilitas, penginformasian bencana, dan peringatan dini. Dilakukan penilaian berupa evektfitas tinggi, sedang, dan rendah dari tiap komponen berdasarkan parameter yang ada baik secara kuantitas maupun kualitas. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah skoring dari tiap komponen mitigasi yang kemudian dilihat secara keseluruhan nilai dari tingkat efektivitas mitigasi di Kampung Nelayan Tegalsari. Didapatkan hasil bahwa efektivitas mitigasi bencana kebkaran di Kampung Nelayan Tegalsari pada tiap komponennya memiliki nilai yang berbeda – beda. Pada komponen mitigasi Pasokan Air memiliki tingkat evektifitas sedang. Komponen mitigasi Hidran memiliki tingkat evektifitas rendah, komponen mitigasi Pos Pemadam memiliki tingkat evektifitas tinggi dan rendah, komponen mitigasi Aksesibilitas memiliki tingkat evektifitas sedang, komponen mitigasi Penginformasian Bencana memiliki tingkat evektifitas rendah, dan komponen mitigasi Peringatan Dini memiliki tingkat evektifitas sedang. Secara keseluruhan, tingkat evektifitas mitigasi bencana kebakaran di Kampung Nelayan Tegalsari terbilang rendah atau tidak efektiv
Revised checklist of the superfamily Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera) of Northeast Kazakhstan (Pavlodar Region)
Authors: Titov Sergey V. , Volynkin Anton V. , Morozov Pavel S.
Published: May 2024

The paper contains data on the fauna of the superfamily Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae, Erebidae, Nolidae and Noctuidae) of Pavlodar Region (Northeast Kazakhstan). The checklist includes 549 species (20 species of Notodontidae, 110 species of Erebidae, 9 species of Nolidae, and 410 species of Noctuidae), 67 species are reported from the region for the first time, including one record first for the fauna of Kazakhstan (Amphipoea bifurcata Gyulai & L. Ronkay, 1994). The maps of types of vegetation and collecting localities, as well as pictures of the main landscapes of the region are provided.
İnfertil Kadına Yönelik PLISSIT Modeline Dayalı Cinsel Danışmanlık: Olgu Sunumu
Authors: Çelebi Elif Zahide , Oskay Ümran
Published: May 2024

Bu çalışma, infertil bir kadının yaşadığı cinsel sorunlarına yönelik PLISSIT modeline dayalı cinsel danışmanlığın etkinliğini ortaya koymak amacıyla yapıldı. Cinsel yaşamı değerlendirmek için kapsamlı cinsel öykü alındı ve danışmanlık PLISSIT Cinsel Sağlık Modeli kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi. Cinsel işlev ise Kadın Cinsel İşlev Ölçeği kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Primer infertilite tanısı olan PŞ Hanım 34 yaşında, üniversite mezunu olup, sekiz yıldır evlidir. Eşinin yaşı 38’dir. Korunmasız cinsel ilişkiye rağmen yedi yıldır gebe kalamayan PŞ Hanım sağlık kuruluşuna başvurmuş ve yapılan tanı ve test sonuçlarında eşinde veya kendisinde herhangi bir sorun saptanmamıştır. PŞ Hanım ile infertilite nedeniyle olumsuz etkilenen cinsel yaşamını değerlendirmek amacıyla görüşme yapıldı. PLISSIT Cinsel Sağlık Modeli doğrultusunda haftada bir yaklaşık 40 dakika süren üç görüşme yapılarak danışmanlık verildi. Son görüşmeden bir ay sonra değerlendirme görüşmesi yapıldı. Modele dayalı danışmanlık sonucunda PŞ Hanımın cinsel işlev düzeyinde düzelme olduğu gözlendi.
Development of Wi-Fi based Moving Target Tracking System for Precise Shooting
Authors: Acharya G. Prasad , Chandrika M. , Abhilash R. , Pradeep S.
Published: May 2024

In modern times where analysis of foot traffic is essential for effective resources management and security, moving target systems that use Wi-Fi-based movement counter offers an innovation solution. This paper summarizes the fundamental idea, the methodology as well as the potential uses of the system. The proposed system makes use of the widespread characteristic of Wi-Fi networks to detect and track the movement of moving targets within a given area. With a thorough analysis of Wi-Fi signals generated by tablets, smartphones or any other wireless-enabled device carried by people, the proposed system is capable of accurately counting and recording the movements of individuals in real-time. The system operates passively by eliminating the requirement for sensors or manually counting. Furthermore, it captures live data, which allows rapid making of decisions regarding security, crowd management and resource allocation. Potential possibilities for applications of the wireless moving target counter are diverse. For retail environments they can help enhance the store's layout and personnel according to peak times for traffic as well as popular pathways. Moving target counters that use Wi-Fi provides a high-end yet easy option for precise and instant pedestrian analysis. The potential for it to transform the management of crowds and improve security across a variety of settings is a powerful device for today's environments.
The Rolef Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Mediating the Influence of Transformational Leadership and Job Satisfaction on the Performance Of PT Employees. Safari Wonder Bali in Gianyar District
Authors: WIDYAWATI Dewa Ayu , PUTRA Ida Bagus Udayana , AMERTA I Made Suniastha
Published: May 2024

Safari Wonders Bali is one of the business units of Taman Safari Indonesia which operates in the retail sector for selling Taman Safari Indonesia souvenirs. The aim of this research is the role of organizational citizenship behavior in mediating the influence of transformational leadership and job satisfaction on employee performance. The number of samples used in this research was 51 and the hypothesis was tested using SEM-PLS inferential data analysis. The results of this research show that transformational leadership has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Transformational leadership has a positive and significant effect on OCB. Job satisfaction has a positive and insignificant effect on OCB. OCB has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. OCB mediates the influence of transformational leadership on employee performance. OCB does not mediate the effect of job satisfaction on employee performance. The implication of this research is that the relationship between transformational leadership and employee performance, the relationship between job satisfaction and employee performance, the relationship between transformational leadership and OCB and the relationship between OCB and employee performance are real.
Myocarditis Mimicking ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Case Report
Authors: Dabbouss Mohammed , Chalhoub Mariam , El Orra Said , Saba Michel , Ardo Charbel
Published: May 2024

Background: Myocarditis is the inflammation of the heart muscle, which affects mostly the young population. Patients may experience symptoms ranging from chest pain, fatigue, dyspnea, to more serious conditions such as heart failure and arrhythmias. Diagnosis of myocarditis may be quite confusing as it may mimic myocardial infarction, particularly when ST-elevation is present on electrocardiogram (ECG). Here, we present a challenging presentation of myocarditis mimicking ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
Case Report: A 54-year-old man admitted to the emergency department due to severe chest pain of two hours duration. Lab tests revealed high levels of troponin and D-dimer. ECG revealed tachycardia and ST-elevation in the anterolateral leads, making the diagnosis towards STEMI very likely. However, coronary angiogram didn’t show any obstruction in the right or left coronary arteries. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging was then performed and showed evidence of myocarditis. The patient was treated with colchicine and beta-blocker in which he showed a gradual recovery.
Conclusion: Our case highlights the difficulties that a physician may encounter when it comes to diagnosing a case of myocarditis. It should always be kept in mind when dealing with patients presenting with chest pain and ST-elevation, as it may mimic a typical STEMI presentation. A thorough clinical evaluation and the choice of appropriate diagnostic tools are key to the diagnosis of such challenging cases.
A Colossal Mystery
Authors: GERARD W.B.
Published: May 2024

Laurence Sterne’s work has been visualised in many different media. One of the most famous is C.R. Leslie’s 1829 painting,
Uncle Toby and Widow Wadman.
A life-sized sculptural version by Robert Ball Hughes, publicly displayed in 1835, is unique in its scale and its history.
An As If tour d’horizon: Widening the Curvatures and Circles in
Tristram Shandy
Authors: WASHINGTON GENE
Published: May 2024

Writers are influenced by what they experience, what they read, and, crucially, what they remember. In order to understand how this works in
Tristram Shandy
we have to, as it were, draw a series of bounding circles around the narrative, isolate the structural circles within the narrative, and then widen them with likely sources and interpretative clues of the text — many of which are unaccounted for. Salient in this essay are ones like the London School Stylistics, the ‘As If’ metaphor, elements of Greek and Roman philosophy, and the awesome power of the three forms of negation: negation in the realm of language, negation in the realm of things, and privation — as identified and defined by Aristotle.
The Cobb-Douglas Production Function and the Old Bowley's Law
Authors:   Dalhousie University, Canada, Smirnov Roman G. , Wang Kunpeng ,   Sichuan University, P.R. China
Published: May 2024

Bowley's law, also referred to as the law of the constant wage share, was a noteworthy empirical finding in economics, suggesting that a nation's wage share tended to remain stable over time, as observed through most of the 20th century. The wage share represents the proportion of a country's economic output that is distributed to employees as compensation for their labor, usually in the form of wages. The term ''Bowley's law'' was coined in 1964 by Paul Samuelson, the first American laureate of the Nobel memorial prize in economic sciences. He attributed this principle to Sir Arthur Bowley, an English economist, mathematician, and statistician. In this paper, we introduce a mathematical model derived from data for the American economy, originally employed by Cobb and Douglas in 1928 to validate the renowned Cobb-Douglas production function. We utilize symmetry methods, particularly those developed by Peter Olver, to elucidate the validity of Bowley's law within our model's framework. By employing these advanced mathematical techniques, our objective is to elucidate the factors contributing to the stability of the wage share over time. We demonstrate that the validity of both Bowley's law and the Cobb-Douglas production function arises from the robust growth of an economy, characterized by expansion in capital, labor, and production, which can be approximated by an exponential function. Through our analysis, we aim to offer valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms that support Bowley's law and its implications for comprehending income distribution patterns in economies.
The Highest-redshift Balmer Breaks as a Test of ΛCDM
Authors: Steinhardt Charles L. , Sneppen Albert , Clausen Thorbjørn , Katz Harley , Rey Martin P. , Stahlschmidt Jonas
Published: May 2024

Recent studies have reported tension between the presence of luminous, high-redshift galaxies and the halo mass functions predicted by standard cosmology. Here, an improved test is proposed using the presence of high-redshift Balmer breaks to probe the formation of early 104–105
M
⊙ baryonic minihalos. Unlike previous tests, this does not depend upon the mass-to-light ratio and has only a slight dependence upon the metallicity, stellar initial mass function, and star formation history, which are all weakly constrained at high redshift. We show that the strongest Balmer breaks allowed at z = 9 using the simplest ΛCDM cosmological model would allow a D
4000 as high as 1.26 under idealized circumstances and D
4000 ≤ 1.14 including realistic feedback models. Since current photometric template fitting to JWST sources infers the existence of stronger Balmer breaks out to z ≳ 11, upcoming spectroscopic follow-up will either demonstrate those templates are invalid at high redshift or imply new physics beyond “vanilla” ΛCDM.
PROJECT-J: JWST Observations of HH46 IRS and Its Outflow. Overview and First Results
Authors: Nisini Brunella , Navarro Maria Gabriela , Giannini Teresa , Antoniucci Simone , Kavanagh Patrick, J. , Hartigan Patrick , Bacciotti Francesca , Caratti o Garatti Alessio , Noriega-Crespo Alberto , van Dishoeck Ewine F. , Whelan Emma T. , Arce Hector G. , Cabrit Sylvie , Coffey Deirdre , Fedele Davide , Eislöffel Jochen , Palumbo Maria Elisabetta , Podio Linda , Ray Tom P. , Schultze Megan , Urso Riccardo G. , Alcalá Juan M. , Bautista Manuel A. , Codella Claudio , Greene Thomas P. , Manara Carlo F.
Published: May 2024

We present the first results of the JWST program PROJECT-J (PROtostellar JEts Cradle Tested with JWST), designed to study the Class I source HH46 IRS and its outflow through NIRSpec and MIRI spectroscopy (1.66–28 μm). The data provide line images (∼6.″6 in length with NIRSpec, and up to ∼20″ with MIRI) revealing unprecedented details within the jet, the molecular outflow, and the cavity. We detect, for the first time, the redshifted jet within ∼90 au from the source. Dozens of shock-excited forbidden lines are observed, including highly ionized species such as [Ne iii] 15.5 μm, suggesting that the gas is excited by high velocity (>80 km s−1) shocks in a relatively high-density medium. Images of H2 lines at different excitations outline a complex molecular flow, where a bright cavity, molecular shells, and a jet-driven bow shock interact with and are shaped by the ambient conditions. Additional NIRCam 2 μm images resolve the HH46 IRS ∼110 au binary system and suggest that the large asymmetries observed between the jet and the H2 wide-angle emission could be due to two separate outflows being driven by the two sources. The spectra of the unresolved binary show deep ice bands and plenty of gaseous lines in absorption, likely originating in a cold envelope or disk. In conclusion, JWST has unraveled for the first time the origin of the HH46 IRS complex outflow demonstrating its capability to investigate embedded regions around young stars, which remain elusive even at near-IR wavelengths.
Fallback Rates in Partial Tidal Disruptions of White Dwarfs by Intermediate-mass Black Holes
Authors: Garain Debojyoti , Sarkar Tapobrata
Published: May 2024

The fallback rate of debris after the partial tidal disruption of a star by an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) might provide important signatures of such black holes rather than supermassive ones. Here using smoothed particle hydrodynamics methods, we provide a comprehensive numerical analysis of this phenomenon. We perform numerical simulations of single partial tidal disruptions of solar-mass white dwarfs in parabolic orbits, with a nonspinning 103
M
⊙ IMBH for various values of the impact parameter, and determine the core mass fractions and fallback rates of debris into the IMBH. For supermassive black holes, in full disruption processes, it is known that the late-time fallback rate follows a power law t
−5/3, whereas for partial disruptions, such a rate has recently been conjectured to saturate at a steeper power law t
−9/4, independent of the mass of the remnant core. We show here that for IMBHs, partial disruptions significantly alter this conclusion. That is, the fallback rate at late times does not asymptote to a t
−9/4 power law, and this rate is also a strong function of the core mass. We derive a robust formula for the late-time fallback rate as a function of the core mass fraction, which is independent of the mass of the white dwarf, as we verify numerically by varying it.
Maser Activity of Organic Molecules toward Sgr B2(N)
Authors: Xue Ci , Remijan Anthony , Faure Alexandre , Momjian Emmanuel , Hunter Todd R. , Loomis Ryan A. , Herbst Eric , McGuire Brett
Published: May 2024

At centimeter wavelengths, single-dish observations have suggested that the Sagittarius (Sgr) B2 molecular cloud at the Galactic Center hosts weak maser emission from several organic molecules, including CH2NH, HNCNH, and HCOOCH3. However, the lack of spatial distribution information on these new maser species has prevented us from assessing the excitation conditions of the maser emission as well as their pumping mechanisms. Here, we present a mapping study toward Sgr B2 north (N) to locate the region where the complex maser emission originates. We report the first detection of the Class I methanol (CH3OH) maser at 84 GHz and the first interferometric map of the methanimine (CH2NH) maser at 5.29 GHz toward this region. In addition, we present a tool for modeling and fitting the unsaturated molecular maser signals with non-LTE radiative transfer models and Bayesian analysis using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach. These enable us to quantitatively assess the observed spectral profiles. The results suggest a two-chain-clump model for explaining the intense CH3OH Class I maser emission toward a region with low continuum background radiation. By comparing the spatial origin and extent of maser emission from several molecular species, we find that the 5.29 GHz CH2NH maser has a close spatial relationship with the 84 GHz CH3OH Class I masers. This relationship serves as observational evidence to suggest a similar collisional pumping mechanism for these maser transitions.
Light Curves of the Explosion of ONe White Dwarf + CO White Dwarf Merger Remnant and Type Icn Supernovae
Authors: Wu Chengyuan , Zha Shuai , Cai Yongzhi , Zhang Zhengyang , Yang Yi , Xiang Danfeng , Lin Weili , Wang Xiaofeng , Wang Bo
Published: May 2024

Type Icn supernovae (SNe Icn) are a newly detected, rare subtype of interacting stripped-envelope supernovae that show narrow P Cygni lines of highly ionized carbon, oxygen, and neon in their early spectra due to the interactions of the SNe ejecta with dense hydrogen- and helium-deficient circumstellar material (CSM). It has been suggested that SNe Icn may have multiple progenitor channels, such as the explosion of carbon-rich Wolf–Rayet stars or the explosion of stripped-envelope SNe, which undergo binary interactions. Among the SNe Icn, SN 2019jc shows unique properties, and previous work inferred that it may stem from the ultrastripped supernova, but other possibilities still exist. In this work, we aim to simulate the light curves from the explosions of oxygen-neon and carbon-oxygen double white dwarf (WD) merger remnants and to further investigate whether the corresponding explosions can appear as some particular SNe Icn. We generate the light curves from the explosive remnants and analyze the influence of different parameters on the light curves, such as the ejecta mass, explosion energy, mass of 56Ni, and CSM properties. Comparing our results with some SNe Icn, we found that the light curves from the explosions of double WD merger remnants can explain the observable properties of SN 2019jc, from which we infer that this special SN Icn may have a different progenitor. Our results indicate that double WD merger may be an alternative model in producing at least one of the SNe Icn.
Observations of Titan’s Stratosphere during Northern Summer: Temperatures, CH3CN and CH3D Abundances
Authors: Thelen Alexander E. , Nixon Conor A. , Cordiner Martin A. , Lellouch Emmanuel , Vinatier Sandrine , Teanby Nicholas A. , Butler Bryan , Charnley Steven B. , Cosentino Richard G. , de Kleer Katherine , Irwin Patrick G. J. , Gurwell Mark A. , Kisiel Zbigniew , Moreno Raphael
Published: May 2024

Titan’s atmospheric composition and dynamical state have previously been studied over numerous epochs by both ground- and space-based facilities. However, stratospheric measurements remain sparse during Titan’s northern summer and fall. The lack of seasonal symmetry in observations of Titan’s temperature field and chemical abundances raises questions about the nature of the middle atmosphere’s meridional circulation and evolution over Titan’s 29 yr seasonal cycle that can only be answered through long-term monitoring campaigns. Here, we present maps of Titan’s stratospheric temperature, acetonitrile (or methyl cyanide; CH3CN) abundance, and monodeuterated methane (CH3D) abundance following Titan’s northern summer solstice obtained with Band 9 (∼0.43 mm) Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations. We find that increasing temperatures toward high southern latitudes, currently in winter, resemble those observed during Titan’s northern winter by the Cassini mission. Acetonitrile abundances have changed significantly since previous (sub)millimeter observations, and we find that the species is now highly concentrated at high southern latitudes. The stratospheric CH3D content is found to range between 4 and 8 ppm in these observations, and we infer the CH4 abundance to vary between ∼0.9% and 1.6% through conversion with previously measured D/H values. A global value of CH4 = 1.15% was retrieved, lending further evidence to the temporal and spatial variability of Titan’s stratospheric methane when compared with previous measurements. Additional observations are required to determine the cause and magnitude of stratospheric enhancements in methane during these poorly understood seasons on Titan.
Lunar North Polar Cold Traps Based on Diurnally and Seasonally Varying Temperatures
Authors: Schörghofer Norbert , Williams Jean-Pierre , Mazarico Erwan
Published: May 2024

Lunar cold traps are defined by extremely low sublimation rates, such that water ice could have accumulated in them. Here time-averaged sublimation rates are calculated for the north polar region of the Moon based on over 14 years of Diviner surface temperature measurements. Data for each spatial pixel are binned according to subsolar (diurnal) and ecliptic (seasonal) longitude. The cold trap area poleward of 80°N is about 32% larger when defined by a time-average sublimation rate instead of by peak temperature. Apparently sunlit cold traps are identified, e.g., in Lenard Crater, where modeling of direct illumination reveals that the Sun briefly rises above the horizon each Draconic year. The true cold trap area is smaller than what can be determined from Diviner data. Also presented are north polar maps for the potential sublimation rate of relic buried ice and for subsurface cold trapping.
Duals of Gelfand-Shilov spaces of type $ K\{M_p\} $ for the Hankel transformation
Authors: García-Baquerín Samuel , Marrero Isabel
Published: May 2024

For $ \mu \geq-\frac{1}{2} $, and under appropriate conditions on the sequence $ \{M_p\}_{p = 0}^{\infty} $ of weights, the elements, the (weakly, weakly*, strongly) bounded subsets, and the (weakly, weakly*, strongly) convergent sequences in the dual of a space $ \mathcal{K}_\mu $ of type Hankel-$ K\{M_p\} $ can be represented by distributional derivatives of functions and measures in terms of iterated adjoints of the differential operator $ x^{-1} D_x $ and the Bessel operator $ S_\mu = x^{-\mu-\frac{1}{2}} D_x x^{2 \mu+1} D_x x^{-\mu-\frac{1}{2}} $. In this paper, such representations are compiled, and new ones involving adjoints of suitable iterations of the Zemanian differential operator $ N_\mu = $ $ x^{\mu+\frac{1}{2}} D_x x^{-\mu-\frac{1}{2}} $ are proved. Prior to this, new descriptions of the topology of the space $ \mathcal{K}_\mu $ are given in terms of the latter iterations.
Recruitment strategies for cervical cancer screening in three Mediterranean low and middle-income countries: Albania, Montenegro, and Morocco
Authors: Camussi Elisa , Jaramillo Lina , Castagno Roberta , Dotti Marta , Ferrante Gianluigi , Belakhel Latifa , Khazraji Youssef Chami , Ylli Alban , Filipi Kozeta , Ostojić Đjurđjica , Stanisic Milica , Bisanti Luigi , Giordano Livia
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Cervical cancer (CC) poses a substantial burden in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), where challenges in implementing effective screening programs and achieving high participation rates persist.

Aims

This study sought to compare different strategies for recruiting women for CC screening in Albania, Montenegro, and Morocco, and compared usual care (ongoing invitation method) with an alternative approach (intervention strategy).

Methods

Within each country, the following comparisons were made: face-to-face (FF) invitations versus phone calls (PCs) in Albania, PCs versus letter invitations in Montenegro, and FF invitations to women attending healthcare centers versus a combined approach termed “Invitation made in Morocco” (utilizing PC and FF for hard-to-reach women) in Morocco. Questionnaires that assessed facilitators and barriers to participation were administered to women who either attended or refused screening.

Results

In Albania, significant differences in the examination coverage were observed between the invitation methods (PC: 46.1% vs. FF: 87.1%, p < 0.01) and between the rural and urban settings (rural: 89.1% vs. urban: 76.3%, p < 0.01). In Montenegro, the coverage varied based on the recruitment method (PC: 17.7% vs. letter invitation: 7.6%; p < 0.01), the setting (urban: 28.3% vs. rural: 13.2%; p < 0.01), and age (<34 years: 10.9% vs. 34+: 9.6%, p < 0.01). In Morocco, no significant differences were observed. Common screening facilitators included awareness of CC prevention and understanding the benefits of early diagnosis, while key barriers included a limited perception of personal CC risk and the fear of testing positive.

Discussion

FF appeared to be effective in promoting participation, but its broader implementation raised sustainability concerns. PC invitations proved feasible, albeit necessitating updates to population registries. Restricting FF contacts for hard-to-reach communities may enhance the affordability and equity.
Trends in Regional Disparities in Cardiovascular Surgery and Mortality in Korea: A National Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Jin Dal-Lae , Kim Kyoung-Hoon , Chung Euy Suk , Yoon Seok-Jun
Published: May 2024

Objectives: Regional disparities in cardiovascular care in Korea have led to uneven patient outcomes. Despite the growing need for and access to procedures, few studies have linked regional service availability to mortality rates. This study analyzed regional variation in the utilization of major cardiovascular procedures and their associations with short-term mortality to provide better evidence regarding the relationship between healthcare resource distribution and patient survival.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using nationwide claims data for patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), stent insertion, or aortic aneurysm resection in 2022. Regional variation was assessed by the relevance index (RI). The associations between the regional RI and 30-day mortality were analyzed.Results: The RI was lowest for aortic aneurysm resection (mean, 26.2; standard deviation, 26.1), indicating the most uneven regional distribution among the surgical procedures. Patients undergoing this procedure in regions with higher RIs showed significantly lower 30-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.55 to 0.96; p=0.026) versus those with lower RIs. This suggests that cardiovascular surgery regional availability, as measured by RI, has an impact on mortality rates for certain complex surgical procedures. The RI was not associated with significant mortality differences for more widely available procedures like CABG (aOR, 0.96), PCI (aOR, 1.00), or stent insertion (aOR, 0.91).Conclusions: Significant regional variation and underutilization of cardiovascular surgery were found, with reduced access linked to worse mortality for complex procedures. Disparities should be addressed through collaboration among hospitals and policy efforts to improve outcomes.
Gaston Floquet, un universitaire en province : mathématiques et promotion de l’aviation à Nancy
Authors: Rollet Laurent , Nabonnand Philippe
Published: May 2024

En suivant sur plusieurs décennies le parcours du mathématicien Gaston Floquet « savant au service de la patrie », nous proposons de montrer comment se construit l’image d’un universitaire qui s’investit dans la cité grâce à son expertise, ses multiples activités et ses centres d’intérêt variés, dans des contextes surdéterminés par la position frontalière de Nancy à l’époque. Cet article dresse ainsi le portrait d’un mathématicien français exerçant dans une importante ville universitaire de province qui, pour reprendre les mots de Léon Gambetta, pense aux provinces perdues sans jamais en parler. La trajectoire de Floquet exemplifie la manière dont les élites relaient de manière diffuse dans leurs pratiques professionnelles et sociales une idéologie patriotique et revancharde caractéristique de la France d’après 1870.
Machine Learning to Enhance Network Security
Authors: Thenmozhi R. , Vetriselvi D. , Jovith A. Arokiaraj
Published: May 2024

Network security is necessary to shield computer systems and data from unauthorized access, breaches, and cyberattacks. Machine learning can help make network security with more effective threat detection and response. Because machine learning techniques are intelligent and flexible, they are powerful tools to improve network security. An outline of the main uses of machine learning in network security is given in this abstract, with special attention on how ML is used in threat detection, anomaly identification, and incident response. After being trained on enormous datasets, machine learning algorithms can recognize patterns in typical network behaviours and distinguish variations that could be signs of security risks. Machine learning is a proactive security against cyber threats that includes features like behavioral profiling, predictive analysis, and intrusion detection. This chapter highlights the value of machine learning in enhancing conventional security measures and provides insights into its uses in a range of network security contexts for a resilient and flexible network.
An Adaptive-Selective Image Encryption With JSMP Map and Square-Wave Shuffling
Authors: Packirisamy Murali , S. Muthu Joan , Mohan Kumar Pradeep
Published: May 2024

Despite current developments in the discipline of selective image encryption, some of the most pressing challenges still need to be solved concerning the degree of user-controlled encryption level. These research gaps have motivated the proposal of an encryption algorithm that gives the user control over the encryption level. It is based on JSMP map, the creation of random artificial image, OPT, and dynamic permutation matrix using lower upper (LU) decomposition. The secret key generated with the novel JSMP map makes it highly secured as it exhibits chaos in the enormous range of. The security analysis is conducted for different user choices u∈10,100, where u refers to the incremental degree of encryption from selective to full image encryption. Results show that the proposed technique achieves high efficiency when and degrades towards u=10, whereas the speed increases for to as it ranges from 10.97 MB/s to 23.27 MB/s, respectively. Therefore, the proposed cryptosystem can be chosen for various applications requiring different security levels.
An Empirical Study and Analysis of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Big Data for Crypto Healthcare Industries
Authors: Ananthavadivel Devipriya , Anto Arockia Rosaline R. , Vinod D. , Anitha K. , Nancy P.
Published: May 2024

In the contemporary era, cryptocurrencies have emerged as a vital digital asset class. This abstract provides a succinct overview of a chapter dedicated to the empirical examination of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and big data within the context of crypto healthcare industry. This chapter commences by recognizing the growing importance of cryptocurrencies as digital assets in the modern landscape. Within the healthcare domain, AI-powered diagnostic tools take center stage. These sophisticated software programs utilize AI algorithms to analyze patient data and identify patterns indicative of diseases such as cancer, heart conditions, and diabetes. In conclusion, this offers a comprehensive perspective on how AI, ML, and big data can catalyse transformation within the crypto healthcare industry. Despite challenges, further exploration and development in these domains hold the promise of enriching the patient's lifetime globally. This analysis targets to accelerate an adoption by these technologies and advance the crypto healthcare landscape.
Examining Waste Management in Sustainable Development
Authors: Panwar Prashant , Garg Megha , Kumar Anil
Published: May 2024

The increasing global population presents substantial dangers to environmental sustainability due to issues in waste management. This study delves into the complex connection between waste management and sustainable development, highlighting the crucial need for efficient solutions to construct an eco-friendly future. The chapter examines the present waste management procedures, emphasizing the ecological and social consequences of incorrect disposal methods. The research examines the capacity of these new solutions to reduce environmental damage, enhance resource efficiency, and support the achievement of sustainable development objectives. The research also examines how policy frameworks and regulatory measures influence the development of efficient waste management systems.
Waste Management From Agricultural Field
Authors: Tiwari Aditi , Niveditha S. V. , Mohan Chandra , Bendi Anjaneyulu
Published: May 2024

Prioritizing the 4Rs of reduce, reuse, recycle, and recover offers the most effective waste management approach. Several ideas to utilize agricultural wastes include biogas production, biochar production, composting, supplementary feed for animal and eco-friendly material construction. Biogas which is a renewable fuel and is produced by anaerobic fermentation of organic matter. It is primarily composed of methane, the key component of natural gas, along with carbon dioxide and trace amounts of other gases. Biochar is the process in which crop residues can be reborn through pyrolysis or other processes. This valuable soil amendment enhances fertility, water retention, and nutrient holding capacity. Composting with crop residues has a long history. Traditionally, farmers pile leftover crops in dung pits, where they decompose and become a valuable resource. The by-products produced from agricultural waste can be used as supplement to animal feed. Agricultural waste can also be used in making eco-friendly building materials such as bricks, panels, etc.
Microcredit Programme and the Performance of Women-Owned Micro Enterprises in Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Zahari Ahmad Suffian , Mahmood Rosman Bin , Ibrahim Norlaila Binti
Published: May 2024

The objective of this chapter is to evaluate the microcredit program and also to examine the influence of several factors related to entrepreneurial capital and human capital of women-owned micro enterprise performance. The primary data were derived from a sample of 380 women entrepreneurs under AIM microcredit program with regard to six hypotheses. The sampling method used was proportionate stratified sampling for data collection. Descriptive and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The findings reveal that the microcredit program is significantly related to women-owned micro enterprises performance. Entrepreneurial factors have significant positive relationships with women-owned micro enterprises performance. However, factors of religious values and human capital had no significant negative relationship with performance. Future research should consider other factors such as social capital, economic factors, government support, and family involvement.
Investigation of the Career Development Experiences of Women Managers
Authors: Kutlu Özge , Sütlü Sevinç
Published: May 2024

In the patriarchal social structure, the gap between the expectation of managerial roles from men and the social expectations for women to take part in these roles prevents women from rising to managerial positions. This situation causes women to face difficulties such as inequality of opportunities, lack of support resources and exclusion from networks. This chapter of the book aims to examine the career development experiences of women managers from a gender perspective. For this purpose, in-depth interviews were held with 10 women in managerial positions in different sectors to understand the opportunities, obstacles, successes and difficulties that women managers face in the business world. In line with the findings of the studies, it is emphasized that these difficulties can be overcome by developing various policies and programs to better represent and support women in leadership roles.
Enhancing Neural Machine Translation for the Sinhala-Tamil Language Pair with Limited Resources
Authors: Pramodya Ashmari , Mahima K. T. Y. , Pushpananda Randil , Weerasinghe Ruvan
Published: May 2024

Neural Machine Translation has emerged as a promising approach for language translation. Transformer-based deep learning architectures have also significantly enhanced translation performance across various language pairs. However, several language pairs with limited resources face challenges in adopting Neural Machine Translation because of their data requirements. This study investigates methods for expanding the parallel corpus to enhance translation quality.We establish a series of effective guidelines for enhancing Tamil-to-Sinhala machine translation based on cutting-edge Neural Machine Translation techniques like fine-tuning hyperparameters and data augmentation through both forward and backward translation. We validate our methods empirically using standard evaluation metrics. Based on our conducted experiments, we observed that Neural Machine Translation models trained on larger sets of back-translated data outperform other methods of synthetic data generation in Transformer-based training settings. We investigated if we could effectively use the Transformer architecture in the limited-resource context of translating Tamil to Sinhala. Our research demonstrated that Transformer models can surpass the top Statistical Machine Translation models, even in language pairs with limited resources. We achieved an improvement of 3.43 BLEU points in translation quality compared to the statistical translation models.
Plasmodium yoelii Infection Enhances the Expansion of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells via JAK/STAT3 Pathway
Authors: Zhu Yiqiang , Zhou Lu , Mo Lengshan , Hong Cansheng , Pan Lingxia , Lin Jie , Qi Yanwei , Tan Simin , Qian Manhongtian , Hu Tengfei , Zhao Yi , Qiu Huaina , Lin Peibin , Ma Xiancai , Yang Quan
Published: May 2024

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), the negative immune regulators, have been demonstrated to be involved in immune responses to a variety of pathological conditions, such as tumors, chronic inflammation, and infectious diseases. However, the roles and mechanisms underlying the expansion of MDSCs in malaria remain unclear. In this study, the phenotypic and functional characteristics of splenic MDSCs during Plasmodium yoelii NSM infection are described. Furthermore, we provide compelling evidence that the sera from P. yoelii–infected C57BL/6 mice containing excess IL-6 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor promote the accumulation of MDSCs by inducing Bcl2 expression. Serum-induced MDSCs exert more potent suppressive effects on T cell responses than control MDSCs within both in vivo P. yoelii infection and in vitro serum-treated bone marrow cells experiments. Serum treatment increases the MDSC inhibitory effect, which is dependent on Arg1 expression. Moreover, mechanistic studies reveal that the serum effects are mediated by JAK/STAT3 signaling. By inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation with the JAK inhibitor JSI-124, effects of serum on MDSCs are almost eliminated. In vivo depletion of MDSCs with anti–Gr-1 or 5-fluorouracil significantly reduces the parasitemia and promotes Th1 immune response in P. yoelii–infected C57BL/6 mice by upregulating IFN-γ expression. In summary, this study indicates that P. yoelii infection facilitates the accumulation and function of MDSCs by upregulating the expression of Bcl2 and Arg1 via JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. Manipulating the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway or depleting MDSCs could be promising therapeutic interventions to treat malaria.
Engineering Agonistic Bispecifics to Investigate the Influence of Distance on Surface-Mediated Complement Activation
Authors: Hamers Sebastiaan M W R , Boyle Aimee L , Sharp Thomas H
Published: May 2024

The development of agonists capable of activating the human complement system by binding to the C1 complex presents a novel approach for targeted cell killing. Bispecific nanobodies and Abs can successfully use C1 for this purpose; however, efficacy varies significantly between epitopes, Ab type, and bispecific design. To address this variability, we investigated monomeric agonists of C1 in the form of bispecific nanobodies, which lack Fc domains that lead to oligomerization in Abs. These therefore offer an ideal opportunity to explore the geometric parameters crucial for C1 activation. In this study, we explored the impact of linker length as a metric for Ag and epitope location. DNA nanotechnology and protein engineering allowed us to design linkers with controlled lengths and flexibilities, revealing a critical range of end-to-end distances for optimal complement activation. We discovered that differences in complement activation were not caused by differential C1 activation or subsequent cleavage of C4, but instead impacted C4b deposition and downstream membrane lysis. Considering the importance of Ab class and subclass, this study provides insights into the structural requirements of C1 binding and activation, highlighting linker and hinge engineering as a potential strategy to enhance potency over specific cellular targets. Additionally, using DNA nanotechnology to modify geometric parameters demonstrated the potential for synthetic biology in complement activation. Overall, this research offers valuable insights into the design and optimization of agonists for targeted cell killing through complement activation.
The length of the cut locus on convex surfaces
Authors: Yuan Liping , Zamfirescu Tudor
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we prove the conjecture stating that, on any closed convex surface, the cut locus of a finite set $M$ with more than two points has length at least half the diameter of the surface.