bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integration in Operation Theater: Need of the Hour
Authors: Gupta Shakti Kumar , Kant S , Siddharth Vijaydeep
Published: September 2019

Integration in operation theater (OT) usually refers to systems integration, which means functionally connecting the OT environment. It includes integration of patient information system, audio, video, surgical lights and room lights, building automation (HVAC), medical equipment, telemedicine, videoconferencing, etc. When integrated, all technology can be manipulated from a central command console by single operator. Integration in OT holds the key for effective application of minimally invasive surgery, robotic surgery and functioning of hybrid OT. Apart from the conventional planning team for an OT, bringing on board an IT professional is a must for planning IT requirements. Integration in OT requires 15% more space than the conventional OT in order to accommodate the IT gadgets, i.e. walk-in technology room that would house teleconferencing and A/V equipment, blade-server computers, fiberoptic network electronics, teleconferencing and video conferencing equipment, audio-visual racks, etc. the level of integration can vary within an OT depending upon the user requirement. Space requirement for a general I-OT is about 60 m2, a cardiovascular I-OT or one that includes robotics may come up to 80 m2 or more, and I-OT with in-room imaging equipment requires at least 100 m2. Integration in OT not only increases the efficiency and patient safety in delivery of healthcare but can significantly increase efficiency and effectiveness both in teaching and research.

How to cite this article

Siddharth V, Kant S, Chandrashekhar R, Gupta SK. Integration in Operation Theater: Need of the Hour. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2015;3(2):123-128.
Shelf Life Evaluation and Comparative HPTLC Profile of Lekhaniya Mahakashaya Siddha Taila–A Preliminary Assessment
Authors: Shivshankar Rajput , Mata Shweta , Galib Ruknuddin , Dei Laxmipriya
Published: September 2019

Background:

Lekhaniya Mahakashaya Siddha Taila (LMST) is a herbal formulation containing 10 herbal drugs, i.e., Lekhaniya Mahakashaya Gana mentioned in the Charak Samhita Shadvirechana Shatashritiya chapter. This is an important formulation in Ayurveda therapeutics, but its shelf life is not evaluated till date. The Government of India Gazette specifies the shelf life of various Ayurvedic medicines. However, there is a need to revalidate the shelf life of individual formulations by following parameters prevalent in the respective scenario. Considering this, it is planned to evaluate the shelf life of LMST.

Materials and methods:

Taila was prepared following classical guidelines. The samples were subjected to the accelerated stability study maintaining temperature and humidity 40 ± 2 °C and 75 ± 5%, respectively. Relevant analytical parameters were analyzed at an interval of 0, 1, 3, and 6 months to check the degradation levels in the formulation. The 10% degradation was set as the acceptable point to extrapolate the accelerated stability data. Real-time aging factors 5 and 3.3 were used for the extrapolation of shelf life for climatic zone I and II countries and climatic zone III and IV countries, respectively. India comes under climatic zones III and IV. The formula for the calculation of shelf life given in the manuscript and International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines are used for conducting the shelf life study.

Results:

The microbial contamination and heavy metals were found to be within the prescribed limits. There were insignificant changes in physicochemical profiles at different intervals. On extrapolation of the observations, the shelf life of Taila was found to be 4 years.

Conclusion:

The shelf life of LMST was found to be longer than the given standards in official Gazettes of Government of India. This observation may be exclusive to LMST Studies on other Tailas need to be carried out to confirm this preliminary observation.
Review on Ethnomedicinal Claims, Pharmacological Activity, and Phytochemical Constituents of Samarakhadyam (Byttneria herbacea Roxb.)
Authors: Sharma Tarun , Acharya Rabinarayan
Published: September 2019

Background:

Byttneria herbacea Roxb., family Malvaceae, a branched herb with perennial woody rootstock, known as Samara- khadyam, is available in India. It has been provided with copious therapeutic claims in Indian traditional medical systems as some of them are well-documented as “ethnomedicinal uses”. Single hand- compiled data on its ethnomedicinal uses are scarcely available.

Materials and methods:

In the present review, an attempt has been made to congregate all available data from available 9 books and published 24 research articles.

Result:

It is found that there are almost 65 tribes in and around India who use either the whole plant of B. herbacea Roxb. or its different parts (leaves, roots, seeds, and stems) in 32 different disease conditions. Among these, maximum are indicated in the treatment of wounds, sprains, cuts, boils, cholera, leucorrhoea, etc., through internal and external applications. The phytochemical screening of the plant revealed the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, saponins, phenols, and flavonoids. B. herbacea Roxb. showed a broad range of pharmacological actions, such as antioxidant, anti-edemogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic, and antitubercular activities.

Conclusion:

Easy availability of B. herbacea Roxb., with single hand information on its potential ethnomedicinal uses, may lead to new research on this plant.
The effects of cloud-aerosol-interaction complexity on simulations of presummer rainfall over southern China
Authors: Furtado Kalli , Field Paul , Luo Yali , Zhou Tianjun , Hill Adrian
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Convection-permitting simulations are used to understand the effects of cloud-aerosol interactions on a case of heavy rainfall over south China. The simulations are evaluated using radar observations from the South China Monsoon Rainfall Experiment and remotely sensed estimates of precipitation, clouds and radiation. We focus on the effects of complexity in cloud-aerosol interactions, especially processing and transport of dissolved material inside clouds. In particular, simulations with aerosol concentrations held constant are compared with a fully coupled cloud-aerosol-interacting system to isolate the effects of processing on a line of organised-deep convection. It is shown that in-cloud processing of aerosols can change the vertical structure of squall lines thereby inducing changes in the statistics of surface rainfall. These effects are shown to be consistent with a modulation by aerosol of the timescale of the converting cloud-droplets to rain.
Maize root and shoot litter quality controls short-term CO2 and N2O emissions and bacterial community structure of arable soil
Authors: Rummel Pauline Sophie , Pfeiffer Birgit , Pausch Johanna , Well Reinhard , Schneider Dominik , Dittert Klaus
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Chemical composition of root and shoot litter controls decomposition and, subsequently, C availability for biological nitrogen transformation processes in soils. While aboveground plant residues have been proven to increase N2O emissions, studies on root litter effects are scarce. This study aimed (1) to evaluate how fresh maize root litter affects N2O emissions compared to fresh maize shoot litter, (2) to assess whether N2O emissions are related to the interaction of C and N mineralization from soil and litter, and (3) to analyze changes in soil microbial community structures related to litter input and N2O emissions. To obtain root and shoot litter, Maize plants (Zea mays L.) were cultivated with two N fertilizer levels in a greenhouse and harvested. A two-factorial 22-day laboratory incubation experiment was set up with soil from both N levels (N1, N2) and three litter addition treatments (Control, Root, Root+Shoot). We measured hourly CO2 and N2O fluxes, analyzed soil nitrate and water extractable organic C (WEOC) concentrations, and determined quality parameters of maize litter. Bacterial community structures were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Maize litter quality controlled NO3− and WEOC availability and decomposition related CO2 emissions. High bioavailability of maize shoot litter strongly increased CO2 and N2O emissions, while emissions induced by maize root litter remained low. We identified a strong positive correlation between cumulative CO2 and N2O emissions, supporting our hypothesis that litter quality affects denitrification by creating plant litter associated anaerobic microsites. The interdependency of C and N availability was validated by analyses of regression. Moreover, there was a strong positive interaction between soil NO3− and WEOC concentration resulting in much higher N2O emissions, when both NO3− and WEOC were available. A significant correlation was observed between total CO2 and N2O emissions, the soil bacterial community composition and the litter level, showing a clear separation of Root+Shoot samples of all remaining samples. Bacterial diversity decreased with higher N level and higher input of easily available C. Altogether, changes in bacterial community structure reflected degradability of maize litter with easily degradable C from maize shoot litter favoring fast growing C cycling and N reducing bacteria of the phyla Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria.
Dignoptinus, a new genus for fossil Dignomus regiomontanus Alekseev from Eocene Baltic amber, and new status for Bruchoptinus Reitter and Pseudoptinus Reitter (Coleoptera: Ptinidae)
Authors: Alekseev Vitalii I. , Bukejs Andris , Bellés Xavier
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The holotype of Dignomus regiomontanus Alekseev, 2014, from the Eocene Baltic amber (Tertiary, Paleogene), is re-examined and re-described. Dignoptinus gen. nov. is proposed to place this species. Bruchoptinus Reitter, 1884, and Pseudoptinus Reitter, 1884, described as subgenera of Ptinus Linnaeus, 1767, are the closest relatives of the new fossil genus. These two subgenera are proposed as independent genera: Bruchoptinus Reitter, 1884 stat. nov. and Pseudoptinus Reitter, 1884 stat. nov. Forty-four new combinations for the species of these genera are proposed.
La construcción de la identidad profesional en la titulación de Bellas Artes. Análisis de una carpeta de aprendizaje integrada en un entorno de Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas
Authors: Gregori-Giralt Eva , Menéndez-Varela J. Luis
Published: September 2019

El núcleo de la carpeta de aprendizaje es el proceso metacognitivo que promueve en los estudiantes. Este aspecto junto con la comprensión de la dimensión colectiva del conocimiento y del aprendizaje son factores determinantes en la construcción de la identidad profesional. Se presenta una propuesta de carpeta de aprendizaje centrada en competencias transversales, elaborada en grupo y asociada con un entorno de Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas que se implantó en dos asignaturas obligatorias de la titulación de Bellas Artes. El estudio empírico analizó las puntuaciones que dos profesores asignaron a los 307 estudiantes universitarios que elaboraron la carpeta con el fin de determinar la validez y la fiabilidad de las inferencias sobre su aprendizaje. La valoración de la coherencia de las puntuaciones obtenidas en las actividades que constituyeron la carpeta y de su consistencia interna, así como de la adecuación de la carpeta al contexto educativo demostró una validez y fiabilidad aceptables, de manera que puede concluirse el buen funcionamiento del recurso en el contexto en que se aplicó.
El artista de Franco en Lisboa. Jorge Colaço y sus viñetas sobre la guerra de España en el diario "A Voz": humor gráfico y propaganda anticomunista (1936-1939)
Authors: Pena-Rodríguez Alberto
Published: September 2019

Este trabajo es una aproximación a la representación iconográfica a través de las viñetas de tipo humorístico publicadas por el pintor portugués Jorge Colaço, expresidente de la Sociedad Nacional de Bellas Artes de Portugal, en el diario A Voz durante la Guerra Civil española. Mediante un análisis esencialmente descriptivo y cualitativo basado en la observación crítica de los dibujos realizados por el artista luso sobre diferentes escenas de la batalla, el objetivo principal del artículo pretende poner de relieve la importancia de la figura artística de Jorge Colaço en el contexto del conflicto fratricida, así como describir los rasgos fundamentales de los códigos expresivos de carácter propagandístico utilizados por el artista para representar la guerra al servicio de la causa rebelde y contra el comunismo español. Las viñetas de Jorge Colaço, además de un ejemplo paradigmático del uso del arte con intenciones persuasivas de tipo político, son una muestra de creatividad de gran poder simbólico cuya significación va más allá del mero valor ilustrativo, pues su retórica visual anticomunista transmite un tono, unos valores ideológicos y un perfil artístico original dentro del panorama ibérico.
A/r/tografía e Investigación Educativa Basada en Artes Visuales en el panorama de las metodologías de investigación en Educación Artística
Authors: Marín-Viadel Ricardo , Roldán Joaquín
Published: September 2019

El objetivo es fundamentar epistemológicamente la a/r/tografía y situarla en el contexto de las metodologías de investigación basadas en artes. La Investigación Basada en Artes apareció en 1993, impulsada por Elliot Eisner, como una intensificación de la cualidades estéticas de los procesos y resultados de la investigación educativa. Ha ido desarrollándose desde entonces, -a pesar de las posiciones epistemológicas, como las de H. Gardner, que separan tajantemente las artes de la ciencia-, aproximando la investigación en ciencias humanas y sociales a la creación artística. Su característica fundamental es el uso de las formas de pensamiento y las formas de representación que proporcionan las artes para hacer investigación. Una de las modalidades metodológicas de Investigación Basada en Artes es la A/r/tografía, que apareció en 2003 impulsada por Rita Irwin, como unificación coherente y equilibrada de los propósitos artísticos, educativos e investigadores. Sus conceptos metodológicos fundamentales son la indagación vital, las metáforas y metonimias, las reverberaciones y la búsqueda de sentido en la combinación de textos e imágenes. Tanto la Investigación Basada en Artes como la A/r/tografía se despliegan en cualquier especialidad artística (artes visuales, danza, literatura, música, teatro, etc.) y por lo tanto se convierten en la zona de reunión entre las innovaciones metodológicas cualitativas de las ciencias humanas y sociales, y las tendencias comunitarias, participativas y sociales del arte contemporáneo, como el ‘Artivismo’.
Close Up, AfterClose Up: Life and Letters To-Dayas a Modernist Film Journal
Authors: Townsend Christopher
Published: September 2019

This article investigates the engagement of the modernist avant-garde with film in the 1930s. It offers a radical reassessment through study of the journal Life and Letters To-Day. It argues that from 1935 this journal sought a wider audience and incorporated film to a wider culture. The journal continued the project of the journal Close Up, with the same patronage and many of the same contributors. This article shows that ideas about the earlier positions adopted in Close Up may be misconceived and illustrate how ideas about key 1930s innovations—sound, color, editing and television—evolved between the journals.
A tensionalidade das marcas como alternativa comunicacional ao endosso nos processos de consumo: um estudo de caso da campanha “Detector de Corrupção” do Reclame Aqui
Authors: Salem Herrmann Lima Letícia , Pereira da Silva Joseane Amélia
Published: September 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo observar as práticas publicitárias adotadas a partir da concepção comportamental do consumidor contemporâneo, considerando os fatores cognitivos de influência, utilizados em contextos comunicacionais entre as marcas e os indivíduos. Observa-se a incidência de diferentes técnicas de convencimento, incluindo questões culturais e sociais, incitados principalmente pela mediação da comunicação digital. Como premissa ao estudo, parte-se do pressuposto do uso de atributos de “tensionalidade” (LONGO, 2014) na construção de diálogo e de posicionamento de marcas, funcionando como um mecanismo de encaixe e endosso social. Para demonstrar a aplicabilidade da teoria da tensionalidade das marcas, será apresentada a campanha “Detector de Corrupção” do site “Reclame Aqui”, que por meio de um aplicativo reformulou sua estratégia comunicacional e abordagem junto aos consumidores.
Memorial e Museu 9/11: história e memória desveladas pela experiência da espacialidade
Authors: Pieroni Geraldo Magela , Rovigatti Samantha Manfroni Filipin
Published: September 2019

O presente estudo investiga o caráter comunicacional do Memorial e Museu 9/11, em Nova Iorque. Entendido como um lugar de memória (Nora), a dimensão matérica da espacialidade apresenta uma arraigada narrativa, tornando sua arquitetura o acervo principal. A análise traz a semiótica visual e o conceito de semissimbolismo, pelo qual são identificadas relações entre categorias do planos da expressão e do conteúdo. As homologações entre os planos permitem engendrar percursos gerativos do sentido por meio das visualidades e espacialidades trazidas no texto arquitetônico. O estudo aborda essas apreensões da ordem do sensível, da experiência estética, propiciando ao objeto o incremento de valor comunicacional.
Dispositivo Prefs: a configuração de um espaço interacional entre atores e instituição nas redes sociais digitais
Authors: Dias Eduardo Covalesky
Published: September 2019

A aproximação conceitual com base na observação empírica das estratégias desenvolvidas pela Prefeitura de Curitiba nas redes sociais digitais entre 2013 e 2016 busca definir o “dispositivo Prefs” como um conjunto de operações comunicacionais empreendidas pela instituição e pelos atores em resposta aos objetivos estratégicos da instituição neste ambiente. Apresenta-se componentes e elementos, estratégias, movimentos e arranjos que colaboram para a montagem. Incidem, a partir daí, processos de regulação, disrupção e emergência de novas inteligibilidades. Por fim, considera que a perspectiva comunicacional do objeto é relevante para compreender relações de reconhecimento mútuo, indicadas pelas práticas interacionais entre atores e instituição. O trabalho é desenvolvido em pesquisa de doutorado em andamento e visualiza os processos comunicacionais do objeto sob a ótica de uma sociedade em midiatização.
A felicidade é logo aqui: discurso e poder na literatura de autoajuda
Authors: De Oliveira Geilson Fernandes , Da Costa Mendes Marcília Luzia Gomes
Published: September 2019

A literatura de autoajuda é um fenômeno que tem como uma das suas principais características o agenciamento de modos de ser e estar. Em seus enunciados, identificam-se regras, propostas de ações que uma vez acatadas, poderão, segundo estes manuais, indicar aos sujeitos o caminho da felicidade. Partindo dos pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos da Análise do Discurso de orientação francesa, são analisados os sentidos produzidos pelo discurso da felicidade na literatura de autoajuda, tomando como recorte empírico de investigação a obra Doze semanas para mudar uma vida (2007), de Augusto Cury. Através de um processo de descrição e interpretação dos enunciados, identificam-se relações de saber e poder (FOUCAULT, 2013), constituídas por discursos pedagógicos, nos quais os autores buscam mostrar-se como detentores de um saber não possuído pelos outros. Tais enunciados instituem regras, como o controle do tempo e o estabelecimento imperativo de modos de ser e estar por meio de ordens do discurso que patologizam os menos felizes.
Cotidiano e Recepção no Meio Rural: Um Estudo Etnográfico entre Agricultores Familiares Goianos
Authors: Moreira Gilmara Roberto
Published: September 2019

O presente artigo apresenta pesquisa sobre o cotidiano e a recepção de mídia entre agricultores familiares do município de Itapuranga (GO). Com o objetivo de compreender a realidade do campo e sua relação com a mídia, a pesquisa lança mão da observação etnográfica e se estrutura a partir dos Estudos Culturais e dos estudos de recepção. O trabalho caracteriza a vida rural a partir dos seguintes elementos: roça, cotidiano, família, condições de vida e de sua relação com a mídia e o exercício da cidadania. Por meio da imersão, foi possível verificar, entre outros elementos: o papel do trabalho e da comercialização de alimentos como elementos determinantes do cotidiano; a função assumida por cada membros da família rural; e a maneira como o agricultor familiar incorpora a mídia em seu cotidiano – revelando a forma como se dá a negociação de sentido.
MÉTODO EXPEDITO DE ANÁLISE QUALITATIVA DA ARBORIZAÇÃO DA PRAÇA EUFRÁSIO CORREIA, CURITIBA- PR
Authors: Filippi Teixeira Italo , Dos Santos Nunes Jessika
Published: September 2019

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a atual situação da arborização na Praça Eufrásio Correia, Curitiba-PR, através do Método Expedito de Análise Qualitativa visando subsidiar o manejo da vegetação deste espaço livre público. O estudo foi realizado mediante a aplicação do referido método supracitado, o qual utiliza a avaliação com parâmetros variáveis relacionados à qualidade da copa, qualidade de poda, deterioração do tronco, fitossanidade, presença de hemiparasitas, distância para construções, distância para calçada ou meio fio, distância para outra árvore, raízes superficiais, presença de solo exposto no entorno do exemplar, altura da bifurcação, deterioração do tronco, inclinação do tronco, contato com a fiação e compatibilidade com o meio. Essas variáveis são numericamente pontuadas e comparadas com pontuações tabeladas, sendo possível classificar cada árvore em excelente, boa, regular ou péssima. Foram avaliadas 89 árvores de diferentes espécies. De acordo com os resultados, 15 árvores foram classificadas em excelentes, 45 em boas, 24 em regulares e 5 se enquadraram em péssima. A maioria das árvores em condição regular necessitam da aplicação de um manejo adequado para estimular suas atividades fisiológicas e recuperar o vigor. No entanto é importante salientar que esta metodologia gera informações de caráter empírico podendo limitar a sua eficiência.
DEFESA DA MORALIDADE CRISTÃ: CANDIDATOS EVANGÉLICOS PARA O LEGISLATIVO PARANAENSE EM 2018
Authors: Silva Lucas Alves da , Mezzomo Frank Antonio , Pátaro Cristina Satiê de Oliveira
Published: September 2019

A presente pesquisa analisa como os candidatos evangélicos à Assembleia Legislativa Estadual do Paraná, em 2018, realizaram e publicaram seus materiais de campanhas no Facebook, promovendo a defesa dos valores cristãos como fonte de moralidade política, a defesa do armamento da população e o combate da legalização das drogas. Percebemos nas últimas décadas o aumento do ativismo religioso na política brasileira, em especial entre os evangélicos, que buscam inscrever seus valores e crenças no cenário público. Para o desenvolvimento dessa pesquisa foram analisados materiais de campanha, tais como jingles, flyers, imagens e “santinhos” divulgados na mídia social Facebook dos 45 candidatos evangélicos. As análises realizadas evidenciaram que os discursos em defesa dos valores cristãos foram recorrentes nos materiais, e se mostraram como as principais pautas defendidas pelos candidatos, já o tema do armamento e das drogas não se fizeram presentes com a mesma frequência, mas demonstraram como os candidatos se apropriaram de argumentos religiosos na defesa de tais pautas.
“AS ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS NO BRASIL ESTÃO PREPARADAS PARA A DIVERSIDADE RELIGIOSA?”
Authors: Rodrigues Franciele , Lanza Fábio , Fiorelli Silva Ileizi Luciana , Patrocino Luis Gustavo
Published: September 2019

Neste trabalho procuraremos refletir sobre como a diversidade religiosa tem sido tratada no âmbito das escolas públicas. Assim, nos atentaremos, especialmente, as maneiras como as religiões de matriz africana, enquanto elemento cultural de tais povos, estão sendo abordadas no cotidiano escolar. As tradições religiosas afro-brasileiras são contempladas por atividades pedagógicas, haja vista a obrigatoriedade do ensino da História e da Cultura afro-brasileira na educação básica? Intentando responder essa inquietação, partiremos dos olhares de 711 estudantes do ensino médio pertencentes a oito escolas estaduais do Núcleo Regional de Educação de Londrina-PR. Tais amostras foram estudadas por meio da análise estatística e à luz das contribuições da Sociologia das Religiões. Verificamos que, segundo grande parte dos discentes, embora ocorreram iniciativas que valorizem a História e a Cultura Afro-Brasileira em suas escolas, ações formativas acerca das religiões de matriz africana raramente são realizadas, havendo, portanto, grande resistência no trato dessa temática em suas unidades escolares.
O INÍCIO DA HIERARQUIZAÇÃO NO CRISTIANISMO PRIMITIVO NA Iª CARTA DE CLEMENTE AOS CORÍNTIOS (SÉC. I D.C.)
Authors: Nascimento Amanda Cristina Martins do , Selvatici Monica
Published: September 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir o início da hierarquização no cristianismo primitivo através da problematização do caso específico da comunidade coríntia, presente na I Carta de Clemente aos Coríntios. A I Carta de Clemente aos Coríntios é datada pela maioria dos estudiosos de meados da década de 90 d. C. Escrita em Roma por Clemente, além de dar conselhos, o autor intenta manter a unidade entre os membros da ekklesia. O autor da carta aponta que existe uma insurreição no interior da comunidade, a finalidade do texto é manter a união fraterna dos fiéis coríntios, pois segundo Clemente, as autoridades religiosas instituídas foram depostas por membros mais jovens. Dessa maneira, veremos que a submissão a uma hierarquia era algo que Clemente queria que os fiéis reproduzissem. Sua concepção de ekklesia sob a ótica de uma submissão, obediência e humildade se contrapõe à situação vivida na comunidade de Corinto daquele momento, que, segundo o próprio autor, estava dividida por interesses pessoais.
Glenoid Retroversion Associates With Asymmetric Rotator Cuff Muscle Atrophy in Those With Walch B-type Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis
Authors: Chalmers Peter N. , Beck Lindsay , Miller Matthew , Stertz Irene , Henninger Heath B. , Tashjian Robert Z.
Published: September 2019

Background:

Our purpose was to determine whether glenoid retroversion associates with asymmetric rotator cuff muscle atrophy in eccentric glenohumeral osteoarthritis (GHOA) and if this asymmetry is worsening of GHOA-related atrophy.

Methods:

Two groups of shoulder magnetic resonance images were studied: patients older than 50 years without a rotator cuff tear or GHOA (control group) and patients preoperative to anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (GHOA group). Retroversion and rotator cuff muscle cross-sectional areas were measured using reliable and accurate techniques. Proportional muscle areas were created by dividing by total cuff area to correct for differences in overall patient size. Walch grades were assigned via consensus.

Results:

The control group consisted of 102 patients and the GHOA cohort consisted of 141 patients. Within the eccentric GHOA group, retroversion associated with relative increasing supraspinatus (r = 0.268, P = 0.035), increasing infraspinatus (r = 0.273, P = 0.032), and decreasing subscapularis areas (r = −0.343, P = 0.006). However, the combined GHOA group had a significantly higher relative subscapularis area than the control group (P = 0.026).

Conclusion:

In the eccentric GHOA, increasing retroversion is associated with increasing volume of the posterior cuff relative to the anterior cuff muscles, which is a reversal of the asymmetric increasing volume of the anterior cuff relative to the posterior cuff muscles seen with concentric GHOA.

Level of Evidence:

Diagnostic, level III
Static and Dynamic Balance in Adults Undergoing Lumbar Spine Surgery: Screening and Prediction of Postsurgical Outcomes
Authors: Lubetzky Anat V. , Soroka Avihai , Harel Daphna , Errico Thomas , Bendo John , Leitner Joseph , Shabat Shay , Ashkenazi Eli , Floman Yizhar , Moffat Marilyn , Masharawi Youssef
Published: September 2019

Introduction:

Balance and fall risk before and after lumbar surgery was assessed to determine whether balance at baseline predicts long-term postsurgical outcomes.

Methods:

Forty-three patients in the United States and Israel performed the single-leg stance (SLS) test, four square step test (FSST), and 8-foot up-and-go (8FUG) test before and 2 to 4 months after lumbar spine surgery. They completed the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and pain rating before and 12 months after lumbar surgery.

Results:

From baseline to follow-up, the SLS time was 3.74 seconds longer (P = 0.01), the FSST time was 1.94 seconds faster (P < 0.001), and the 8FUG time was 1.55 seconds faster (P = 0.02). Before surgery, 26% of the patients were considered high fall risk according to the FSST and 51% according to the 8FUG. Postsurgery, all patients could complete the physical tests, but 26% remained at high fall risk according to the 8FUG and 7.5% according to the FSST. The three physical measures together explained 30% of the variance in postsurgical ODI scores (P = 0.02). Age was not correlated with performance.

Discussion:

Risk of falling is higher than surgeons suspect. Balance tests (ie, SLS, FSST, and 8FUG) are quick and easy to administer. The findings support the importance of screening for balance and fall risk in adults undergoing lumbar spine surgery.
The status of the Primary Health Care Plus pilot project in Poland
Authors: Wiktorzak Katarzyna
Published: September 2019

Background
The National Health Fund (NHF) is the public payer solely accountable for securing and organizing access to health care services in Poland. The NHF is responsible for implementing a project entitled “Primary Health Care PLUS” which aims to introduce a primary care centered model, based on coordinated, proactive and preventive methods relevant to patients’ needs and furthermore, works to keep patients well-informed and active participants in health care decision-making. The implementation period of the project is July 1, 2018 through Dec. 31, 2021.
Aim of the study
The purpose of this study is to outline patient demographics and staff structures of providers that took part in the PHC PLUS pilot program, as well as the status of the program throughout the first year of its implementation.
Materials and Methods
Following an open and transparent recruitment process, 42 urban and rural primary health care providers were selected. The purpose of the providers’ geographic spread was to ensure the model was tested in all representative regions of the country.
Results
42 PHC PLUS providers attending to 288,392 patients are participating in the project. Approximately 1,100 medical staff members are involved in the project. PHC PLUS medical teams consist of specialists including physicians, coordinators, nurses, dietitians, psychologists, physiotherapists and health educators. Out of 41,022 health risk assessments declared to be conducted during the project, 18,058 (43.1%) were performed from July 1, 2018 to April 30, 2019, including 4,537 basic and 13,521 extended assessments. Furthermore, 15,020 patients in total, participated in the disease management programs, which are also paid from the project.
Conclusions
A Polish health care pilot project that centers primary care can help shift the focus toward preventive interventions, rather than the current system, which often focuses on providing medical care to patients who have already been diagnosed with diseases, often in their more advanced stages.
Influência do uso e ocupação na qualidade da água no Rio Pirarara, afluente do Rio Machado, Rondônia/Brasil
Authors: Barbosa Luzinete Scaunichi , Silva Filho Eliomar Pereira da
Published: September 2019

O presente estudo trata de uma discussão sobre a influência do uso e ocupação das terras na qualidade da água da bacia do Rio Pirarara, no município de Cacoal- Rondônia. A metodologia de trabalho consistiu na realização de coleta de dados, informações e imagens, e para constatar esta influência, utilizou-se um Sistema de Informação Geográfica e técnicas de sensoriamento remoto para a integração das informações acerca do uso das terras.  Na área da bacia o processo de ocupação irregular e o lançamento de esgoto interferem negativamente na qualidade da água e consequentemente as atividades antrópicas transformam as paisagens. Desta forma, foi confirmado que, as áreas ocupadas por vegetação favorecem a qualidade do ambiente. Sendo que, os efeitos destas atividades se fez evidente também nas áreas rurais em função do processo de ocupação para as atividades agropastoril. Constatou-se que o uso agrossilvipastoril é predominante na bacia, sendo capaz de inferir que este exerce um papel fundamental na economia da região. De maneira geral, as áreas urbanas, agricultadas e com pastagens, interferem na qualidade ambiental.
Estabilização química do solo com adição de sílica ativa e cimento, para utilização em camadas de pavimentação rodoviária
Authors: Almeida Lorhayne Well de Souza , Souza Lucas Henrique Pereira de , Almeida Willian Mateus de Souza , Silva Júnior Flávio Vieira da
Published: September 2019

De acordo com a Confederação Nacional do Transporte (CNT), em 2018, cerca de 60% da produção brasileira foi escoada pelo modo de transporte rodoviário. Para proporcionar qualidade ao transporte, essas rodovias precisam atender a requisitos mínimos de resistência e drenabilidade, que iram proporcionar maior segurança e conforto ao usuário. Entretanto, nem sempre o solo local possui características geotécnicas mínimas que atendam aos requisitos de projeto. Para Machado et al. (2003), a carência de solos que possuem características exigidas pelos órgãos rodoviários, torna-se um empecilho para o setor de transportes no Brasil. Para resolver a problemática da carência, existem algumas alternativas, entre elas: mudança das características da obra para se adequar ao solo, mudança do solo, ou estabilização do solo local. No que se refere a essa última alternativa, ela consiste no melhoramento do solo através da adição de materiais como cimento, cal, sílica, entre outros. O presente trabalho apresenta o uso de sílica em comparação com o uso de cimento, para a estabilização de um solo de baixa qualidade, com a porcentagem de 15% de sílica ativa, bem como para o cimento, visto que se trata de um estudo comparativo. As características analisadas que para determinar o melhoramento são referentes à granulometria, plasticidade, massa específica, umidade ótima, além de CBR para determinação da resistência, juntamente com a expansão. Os resultados mostram que o uso da sílica contribui significativamente para a estabilização, mesmo que em menores porcentagens quando comparado ao uso do cimento. Entretanto, essa é uma alternativa que pode ser analisada de acordo com a viabilidade da utilização para as particularidades da obra a que for submetida.
EnContact: predicting enhancer-enhancer contacts using sequence-based deep learning model
Authors: Gan Mingxin , Li Wenran , Jiang Rui
Published: September 2019

Chromatin contacts between regulatory elements are of crucial importance for the interpretation of transcriptional regulation and the understanding of disease mechanisms. However, existing computational methods mainly focus on the prediction of interactions between enhancers and promoters, leaving enhancer-enhancer (E-E) interactions not well explored. In this work, we develop a novel deep learning approach, named Enhancer-enhancer contacts prediction (EnContact), to predict E-E contacts using genomic sequences as input. We statistically demonstrated the predicting ability of EnContact using training sets and testing sets derived from HiChIP data of seven cell lines. We also show that our model significantly outperforms other baseline methods. Besides, our model identifies finer-mapping E-E interactions from region-based chromatin contacts, where each region contains several enhancers. In addition, we identify a class of hub enhancers using the predicted E-E interactions and find that hub enhancers tend to be active across cell lines. We summarize that our EnContact model is capable of predicting E-E interactions using features automatically learned from genomic sequences.
Perceived Effects of Farmer Participation in Utilization and Conservation of Forest Resources in Otukpo Local Government Area of Benue State
Authors: Yakubu D. H. , Eduno O. T. , Shuaibu H. , Muhammad M. B. , Oduehie T. C. , Mamman M.
Published: September 2019

This study assessed the perceived effects of farmer participation in utilization and conservation of forest resources in Otukpo Local Government Area of Benue State. Data were collected from 150 farmers randomly selected, using structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using both descriptive (percentages, frequencies and means) and inferential statistics (multiple linear regression).  Result of the analysis indicated a low participation of farmers in forest conservation. The farmers however, had a positive perception on the fact that community participation in forest conservation increases job opportunities ( 4.65) and reduces poverty (4.16). Result of the linear regression analysis revealed that age had a negative (-0.009142: p < 0.01) and significant relationship with farmers’ perceived effect of community participation in utilization and conservation of forest resources, while household size (0.0169081: p < 0.05), education (0.0503444: p < 0.1) and farm size (0.1228889: p < 0.1) all had positive and significant relationships with farmers’ perceived effects of community participation in utilization and conservation of forest resources. It was concluded that farmers’ participation in conservation of the forest was very low. The need for sensitization of the farmers on the importance of participation in forest conservation by all the stakeholders was recommended.
Gender as a Factor in Predicting Academic Performance in Agriculture in Primary School Leaving Examination in Gaborone, Botswana
Authors: Bulala Tapela , Malima Keabetswe
Published: September 2019

The study looked at gender as it relates to academic performance of students in Agriculture Primary School Leaving Examination in Gaborone schools. The research was quantitative ex-post facto type design. The sample composed of 3781 (1751 males and 2030 females) students who wrote PSLE in 2012. The sample was taken from 43 primary schools in Gaborone area which included private and government schools. The results which included students’ scores were obtained from Botswana Examinations Council academic records and were not manipulated in any way. The results were then subjected to testing using Statistical Package for Social Sciences at significance level of 0.05. An independent t-test was conducted to determine significance difference and value of -5.964 which is statistically significance (P = 0.00) obtained and therefore the null hypothesis that states that there is no significant difference between males and females was rejected. The analysis revealed that girls performed better than boys and moreover there is a significant difference between males and females’ academic performance. It was therefore, recommended that the Gaborone Regional Education office intensify research to establish how other variables such as location, parental support and economic status of parents contribute to poor Primary School leaving Examinations.
Assessment and Intervention on Coping Strategies of School Dropouts: A Case Study of Distt. U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand India
Authors: Singh Ritu , Bisht Niharika , Parveen Huma , Agrawal Neera
Published: September 2019

Stress is an inevitable part of human life. Every individual encounters different level of stress and has a tendency to develop unique style to respond and cope with it. Dropping out of school is one such stressful event. Despite universalisation of elementary education in India, there are still a significant number of school dropouts in the country. Hence, the research team of Child Development Unit of All India Coordinated Research Project, Pantnagar conducted a study to study the coping strategies used by school dropouts. It also implemented group interventions for the promotion of effective coping strategies. The study included a sample of 52 school dropout adolescents from four purposively selected villages of Distt. Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand. Standardized scales were used for identifying their coping strategies. School dropouts were seen to usually avoid the stressor to reduce its impact. Rarely did they go for understanding the problem and working for more converting it into a challenge to accept and win over. Post intervention there was significant shift in their coping strategies. It led to significant increase in practice of coping styles like logical analysis, positive appraisal, seek guidance & support, problem solving and significant decline in the use of coping strategies like cognitive avoidance, acceptance, seek alternative rewards, emotional discharge post intervention.
Physiological Basis of Yield Differences in Quality Protein Maize Genotypes of Different Maturity Groups
Authors: Oluseyi Olasoji, Julius , Adesola Ajayi, Sunday
Published: September 2019

Yield performance of early maturing maize (Zea mays L.) varieties in the rainforest agroecology of southwest Nigeria, is lower than that of intermediate varieties  and that there was no yield advantage in the late varieties over the intermediate maturing varieties. However, the physiological basis of yield differences is yet to be fully investigated. This study was carried out to investigate the physiological basis underlying yield differences in quality protein maize genotypes of different maturity groups. Field experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates at Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Moor Plantation, Ibadan during 2013 and 2014 cropping seasons. The results indicated that season influenced days to 50% Anthesis (DTA), days to 50% silking (DTS), anthesis silking interval (ASI), plant height (PLHT), ear height (EHT), ear per plant (EPP), ear aspect (EASP), kernel width (KWDT) and grain yield (GYD). Maturity groups also influenced DTA, DTS, PASP, PLHT, EHT, and with no effect on GYD. The overall mean grain yields across seasons were 4.44, 4.16, 3.64 and 3.36 t/ha for season 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively.  It was concluded from this study that all the maturity groups used had similar grain yield.
Cerebellum: Anatomy and Organisation
Authors: Hawkes Richard
Published: September 2019

The cerebellum is a highly stereotyped cortical structure in the hindbrain of all vertebrates from fish to primates. The circuitry of the cerebellar cortex is built around the large, inhibitory Purkinje cells, which are the focus of all afferent input to the cerebellar cortex and are modulated by several classes of inhibitory interneuron (principally basket, stellate, and Golgi cells). Despite the apparent homogeneity of the cerebellar circuitry, the cerebellum is highly modular, comprising several hundred discrete and reproducible anatomical and physiological units (‘stripes’). Each stripe receives precise afferent inputs – climbing fibres directly to the Purkinje cells and mossy fibres indirectly via the granule cells. In turn, the Purkinje cells send efferent projections to specific targets in the cerebellar and vestibular nuclei. As a result, within the cerebellum a wide variety of sensory information is brought together and integrated, primarily to aid in motor control but also serving multiple other functions.

Key Concepts

Cerebellar circuitry is built around the Purkinje cell.

The cerebellar cortex is divided into an array of transverse zones and parasagittal stripes.

The cerebellar cortex receives two major afferent inputs – climbing fibres and mossy fibres.

Purkinje cells are the sole efferent projections of the cerebellar cortex.

Multiple interneurons modulate Purkinje cell firing patterns.
C
aulimoviridae

(Plant Pararetroviruses)
Authors: Geering Andrew DW
Published: September 2019

Family
Caulimoviridae
comprises eight genera of plant viruses whose members replicate by reverse transcription and whose virions contain double‐stranded deoxyribonucleic acid. In a recent survey of the international scientific community,
Cauliflower mosaic virus
(CaMV), the type species of the family, was ranked sixth in the world in a list of the most scientifically or economically important plant viruses. This notoriety is due purely to the major conceptual advances that have been made in plant virology using CaMV as a model pathogen. However, several relatively lesser known viruses in the family, such as rice tungro bacilliform virus and the cacao swollen shoot virus species complex, are very serious constraints to crop production in tropical regions of the world. In this article, information on the taxonomy, replication cycle, vector transmission, epidemiology and disease management of this important group of plant viruses is summarised.

Key Concepts

The
Caulimoviridae
is the only family of plant viruses with a double‐stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (dsDNA) genome, and in common with all viral retroelements, incorporates a reverse transcription step in the replication cycle.

Cauliflower mosaic virus
is the type species of the family and has been a very important model plant virus for elucidating fundamental aspects of virus replication, cell‐to‐cell movement and aphid transmission.

Members of the
Caulimoviridae
are most prominent in tropical regions, where they cause serious diseases such as rice tungro, cacao swollen shoot and banana streak disease.

The most important component of a control programme for these viruses is to reduced inoculum levels by using clean planting material, avoiding overlapping crops, and removing diseased plants and alternative hosts of the virus.

In some host species, infection can arise as a consequence of activation of viral DNA that is integrated into the nuclear genome of the plant.
Spleen: Consequences of Lack of Function
Authors: Kuchar Ernest , Karlikowska‐Skwarnik Monika
Published: September 2019

Spleen takes part in maintaining homeostasis in many fields. It acts as a blood filter, a magazine for blood cells as well as immunoglobulins and as an immune response mediator supplying organ. The loss of splenic function can be total or partial, can be congenital or acquired due to chronic diseases affecting its function or through splenectomy. Currently, splenectomy is not a common procedure; it is performed after careful consideration of medical or surgical indications, balancing the risk of long‐term complications against the potential benefit. In patients with lack of adequate splenic function, extended prophylaxis of infectious complications should be planned through vaccinations and antibiotic prophylaxis. Screening for malignancy and thrombotic events should be scheduled.

Key Concepts

The spleen is an important secondary immunologic organ located in left epigastrium beneath the lower rib cage.

Spleen is important but not essential for life and can be removed by splenectomy.

Reduced spleen function, known as functional asplenia, is observed in various pathological conditions including celiac disease, metabolic disorders and blood diseases.

The impairment of splenic function significantly increases the risk of serious invasive infections including sepsis and meningitis.

The vast majority of bacterial infections in asplenic individuals are caused by capsular bacteria, including pneumococci and meningococci, and can be prevented by currently available vaccines and prophylactic antibiotics.