bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vapor compression air conditioning system with solar heat collector
Authors: Al-Okbi A. K. , Vankov Yu. V.
Published: January 2024

THE RELEVANCE of the study lies in the fact that air conditioning systems in Iraq consume more than half of the electricity generation. During the summer, when temperatures rise,  the  demand  for  air  conditioning  increases,  resulting  in  constant  power  outages. Consumers  are  starting  to  use  local  generation -  diesel  generators,  which  increase environmental pollution. THE PURPOSE. Consider the problems thermal energy from the sun is  an  ideal  solution  for  reducing  electricity  consumption,  increasing  the  performance  of  air conditioners,  ensuring  continuity  of  power  supply  and  reducing  pollution  from  diesel generators and power plants, as well as saving energy and reducing the consumption of fossil fuels.  METHODS.  When  solving  the  problem,  a  comparison  of  options  for  standard  and (hybrid  using  solar  thermal  energy)  air  conditioning  systems  was  used.  In  a  hybrid  system, thermal energy enters the system from a solar collector built behind the compressor. Thermal parameters  and  level  of  electricity  consumption  were  calculated.  RESULTS.  The  article showed that a hybrid air conditioning system using solar thermal energy is more efficient than a  traditional  system,  as  it  increases  the  cooling  coefficient  by  (38.9 - 46.3%)  and  reduces electricity  consumption  by  (56.89 -  66.66).  %).  CONCLUSION.  The  use  of  a  hybrid  air conditioning system in the climate of Baghdad city with a vapor compression air conditioning system  reduced  the  electrical  energy  consumption  of  the  compressor  and  increased  the performance  of  the  system,  which  will  lead  to  increased  reliability  of  power  supply  and eliminate the need to use local diesel generators.
Improving the operational characteristics of electrical power systems of marine vessels
Authors: Savenko A. E. , Savenko P. S.
Published: January 2024

THE PURPOSE. Consider the experience of use and conduct a study of the electrical power systems of sea vessels to determine the possibility of improving their operational characteristics. Obtain data on noise and vibration levels of electrical power systems elements.

METHODS. The article analyzes the electrical power systems of the Azipod type steering columns of the Baltika icebreaker. The issue of regulating the rotation speed of propulsion electric motors using frequency control based on a DC link and parallel-connected inverter units on IGBT transistors is considered. Motor control on the frequency converter side can be based on direct torque control, scalar and vector control. There are control modes for reducing and increasing voltage.

RESULTS. Typical dependences of structure-borne noise levels of main engines and generators are given. Measurements were taken at various frequencies of engine sound power levels, exhaust gases and vibration of generator sets. Experimental oscillograms of studies of the parallel operation of diesel generator sets were obtained, on which power exchange and common-mode oscillations were recorded.

CONCLUSION. It is proposed to use multiphase AC electric motors to improve performance characteristics, including reducing noise and vibration. The existing experience in using frequency converters based on a rectifier section and inverter units in electric rowing installations with Azipod propellers makes it possible to implement such a change. To do this, it is necessary to parallelize the inverters that supply each of the three phases and provide the appropriate phase shifts.
Digital Government Dalam Menciptakan Transparansi Pelayanan Publik: Suatu Analisis berdasarkan Perspektif Bibliometrik
Authors: Ardelia Safina Innaf Mia , Yuadi Imam
Published: January 2024

Tujuan Penelitian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perkembangan penelitian digital government. Penelitian ini menjadi penting untuk dikaji karena membahas mengenai kehadiran digital government yang menjadi salah satu inovasi dari pemerintah untuk menjawab tuntutan masyarakat atas persoalan pelayanan publik selama ini. E-government merupakan inisiatif penggunaan TIK untuk meningkatkan efisiensi, akuntabilitas, transparansi, dan efektivitas kinerja pemerintah dalam pemberian layanan publik yang lebih baik. Metode penelitian. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan analisis bibliometrik. Data analisis. Data dianalisis dan divisualisasikan menggunakan perangkat lunak Vosviewer berdasarkan network visualization, overlay visualization, dan density visualization. Selain itu, digunakan pula aplikasi biblioshiny untuk menganalisis dan memvisualisasi data berdasarkan worldcloud, co-occurrence network, dan thematic map. Hasil Penelitian. Analisis bibliometrik dengan visualisasi menggunakan VosViewer menemukan 4 cluster dari 157 item kata kunci terkait. Cluster pertama berwarna merah 54 items dengan kata kunci terbesar “sector”. Sedangkan analisis bibliometrik menggunakan biblioshiny menunjukkan bahwa “e-government” merupakan kata yang paling dominan digunakan oleh para peneliti.
GAMBARAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN GURU SMA AL MANAR TENTANG EPISTAKSIS PADA SISWA
Authors: Nadhyla Insyira Atala  , Rifdah Nabilah  , Steffany Al Afiz  , Annisa Fitri Lubis  , Lestari Ira Cinta
Published: January 2024

Epistaksis atau mimisan adalah episode akut perdarahan hidung yang sering terjadi pada anak-anak akibat luka traumatis di lingkungan sekolah. Lebih dari 50% anak antara 6 dan 10 tahun mengalami setidaknya satu episode epistaksis. Sekitar 30% dari masa hidup anak usia sekolah dihabiskan di sekolah. Sebagian besar waktu di sekolah berada dibawah pengawasan guru. Karena hal tersebut, guru adalah personel utama untuk menangani kebutuhan kesehatan yang mendesak selama jam sekolah. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai tingkat pengetahuan guru SMA Al Manar tentang epistaksis yang terjadi pada siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional study. Metode pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik total sampling. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebesar 17 responden. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner yang terdiri atas 10 butir pertanyaan dimensi pengetahuan guru tentang epistaksis mencakup pemahaman mengenai pengertian, faktor penyebab, pencegahan, dan penanganan epistaksis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa responden yang memiliki tingkat pengetahuan tentang epistaksis dengan kategori baik sebanyak 10 orang (58,8%), kategori cukup sebanyak 5 orang (29,4%), dan kategori kurang sebanyak 2 orang (11,8%). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, maka disimpulkan bahwa sebagian besar responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan tentang epistaksis dengan kategori baik.
Mineral Composition of Rice, Carrots, and Chayote after Microwave-Assisted Decomposition using Diluted Nitric Acid
Authors: Serafim Wellen , Torres Briyitte , Kunst Taciana , do Nascimento Alanna , da Silva Iago , Ribeiro Marisilda , Paim Ana Paula
Published: January 2024

Carrots, chayote, and rice are foods widely consumed by the Brazilian population, so developing analytical methods that allow elemental characterization becomes extremely important. In this work, the sample decomposition method is proposed to prepare samples (raw and cooked) of rice, carrots, and chayote using dilute nitric acid. The samples underwent microwave-assisted acid decomposition (HNO3/H2O2) for subsequent determination by ICP OES for metals Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, and Pb and flame spectrophotometer for K and Na. Two decomposition methods were used. Method 1: 260 and 500 mg of sample, 3.5 mL of HNO3 1 mol L-1, 1.0 mL of 30% m/m H2O2 and 3.5 mL of ultrapure water. Method 2: 260 and 500 mg of sample, 5.0 mL of 1 mol L HNO3-1, 2.5 mL of 30% m/m H2O2 and 0.5 mL of ultrapure water. A factorial design (22) was also performed to know the effects of some variables on digestion efficiency. Based on the accuracy study using certified reference materials and the analysis of residual acidity and dissolved organic carbon, the condition that presented the best decomposition results was using 5 mL of HNO3 0.5 mol L-1 and 2.5 mL of 30% H2O2 for 100 mg of sample. Quantification limits ranged from 0.14 (Cr) 3.4 mg kg-1 (Pb), and the correlation coefficient was close to one in all cases. It was also observed that the cooking process increased the concentration of Al, Cd, and Cr and decreased Cu and K for all foods.
Russian-Chinese relations in the early 1990s (on the documents of the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation)
Authors: Jie Zhang
Published: January 2024

A retrospective analysis of the development of Russian-Chinese relations in the early 1990s is based on historical documents stored in the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation. Attention is focused on the negotiations between the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation and the Peoples Republic of China before the historic event of the first visit of Russian President B.N. Yeltsin to China, held on December 17-19, 1992. This analysis makes it possible to further consider the essence and specifics of state relations between Russia and China from the perspective of sustainable development of relations between the two powers in the 21st century.
Contribution of P.A. Rovinsky in historiographic, ethnographic and philological studies on the soil of Montenegro
Authors: Peyanovich Ana , Lekovich Zarko , Scekich Radenko
Published: January 2024

This article attempts to emphasize the contribution of the prominent Slavic historian Pavel Apollonovich Rovinsky (1831-1916) to the cultural history of Montenegro. Based on the analysis of his works, taking into account scientific works on the topic of domestic and foreign experts, the authors note the contribution of the researcher in the field of Montenegrin historiography, ethnography and philology.
History of research directions of the novel by B.L. Pasternak “Doctor Zhivago” in China
Authors: Sainan Zhao
Published: January 2024

This article presents the history and research directions of the novel by B.L. Pasternak ''Doctor Zhivago" in China. The novel ”Doctor Zhivago” since 1950 has been constantly at the center of researchers in China. The research methods of this novel in China are constantly being updated.
Intellectual Property and Bioprinting: The Battle Royale Between BICO and Organovo
Authors: Rimmer Matthew
Published: January 2024

Refereed Article - Matthew Rimmer, ‘Intellectual Property and Bioprinting: The Battle Royale Between BICO and Organovo’, (2023) 6 (1) Stockholm Intellectual Property Review 15-36 Abstract: In an exploration of law, ethics, and the life sciences, this paper focuses upon the key issues in respect of intellectual property and bioprinting. In particular, it looks at the connection between patent law, biomedical innovation, and public health. In terms of its methodology, this paper follows in the tradition of scientific corporate histories in the spirit of Sally Smith Hughes, Paul Rabinow, and Jorge Contreras. It provides a close in-depth case study of landmark intellectual property litigation in the area of bioprinting. This work provides a landscape of patent activity in respect of bioprinting. It highlights the potential for tensions and conflicts in respect of patent thickets in the field. This paper explores emerging patent conflicts in the field of 3D printing and bioprinting. In particular, it highlights a significant patent dispute over bioprinting patents between United States company Organovo and Swedish company Cellink (part of the BICO Corporate Group) – two corporate leaders in the field of bioprinting. This paper investigates the role of patent exceptions, defences, and limitations in the domain of bioprinting - such as the defence of experimental use, public sector licensing, the NIH 3D Print Exchange, patent pools, compulsory licensing, Crown Use, and government acquisition. The conclusion considers future issues in respect of bioprinting in the fields of intellectual property, public health law, and regulation.
Verbal support from a stranger reduces the development of mechanical hypersensitivity: behavioural, electrophysiological evidence and the moderating role of attachment styles
Authors: Jaltare Ketan Prafull , Torta Diana , Niwa Saya
Published: January 2024

Various forms of social support have been evidenced to diminish acute pain ratings and modulate physiological responses to acute pain stimuli, with adult attachment styles moderating this effect. However, only one study to date has examined the impact of the social context (using a hand-holding intervention by a romantic partner) on experimentally induced secondary mechanical hypersensitivity, a common symptom of chronic pain. Here, we aimed to discern whether structured verbal support from a stranger, a situation that perhaps better approximates a clinical context, could attenuate the development of experimentally induced secondary mechanical hypersensitivity and whether attachment styles moderate this effect. Mechanical hypersensitivity was induced using a well-established electrical stimulation protocol, in forty-four healthy female participants who were randomly assigned to either a support group or an alone group. Participants in the support group received structured verbal support from a stranger during the electrical stimulation. The effect of the electrical stimulation on skin conductance level and cortisol responses was measured to examine the role of the sympathetic and HPA systems, respectively. Additionally, cortical responses to mechanical stimulation were measured before, and after the electrical stimulation to assess differences in cortical responses. Findings reveal that verbal support attenuated not only the perceived intensity and unpleasantness of hypersensitivity but also the late part of the cortical response to pinprick stimulation. Attachment anxiety moderated subjective ratings as well as the spread of hypersensitivity and attachment avoidance moderated the subjective ratings. Social support had no impact on stress responses to the electrical stimulation.
PENGUJIAN KUALITAS PADA WEBSITE BORNEOPEDIA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN BLACKBOX TESTING DAN SEELENIUM IDE
Authors: Wildwina  , Kristianto Ryan Putranda
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan utama untuk memberikan sebuah wawasan dalam melakukan sebuah pengujian. Pada penelitian ini penulis mencantumkan proses dan hasil pengujian pada website Borneopedia dengan menggunakan metode blackbox testing.Pendekatan blackbox digunakan bagi penguji untuk fokus pada pengujian fungsionalitas eksternal tanpa memerhatikan detail internal implementasi. Selain itu,didalam modul ini tidak hanya mencakup panduan langkahdemi langkah untuk melakukan pengujian secara manual,yang melibatkan interaksi langsung dengan antarmuka pengguna, tetapi juga membahas penerapan pengujian otomatis dengan menggunakan Selenium. Pengguna akandiberikan wawasan mendalam tentang konsep-konsepblackbox testing dan implementasinya dalam dua bentukpengujian yang berbeda, yang dimana hasilnya dapatmemastikan kualitas dan kehandalan dari website Borneopedia.
Unraveling the Code: Navigating the Landscape of Machine Learning Innovations
Authors: Ahmad Ali
Published: January 2024

Unraveling the Code: Navigating the Landscape of Machine Learning Innovations" explores the dynamic and rapidly evolving field of machine learning. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the key innovations and trends that shape the current landscape of machine learning. From advancements in deep learning architectures to novel applications in various domains, the paper aims to guide readers through the intricate web of developments in this field. The document delves into the latest breakthroughs in natural language processing, computer vision, and reinforcement learning, highlighting their impact on diverse sectors such as healthcare, finance, and autonomous systems. By dissecting the underlying principles of these innovations, the paper seeks to demystify complex concepts for a broader audience. Moreover, it addresses ethical considerations and challenges associated with the widespread adoption of machine learning technologies. The discussion spans issues related to bias, transparency, and accountability, emphasizing the need for responsible development and deployment of these powerful tools. In conclusion, "Unraveling the Code" serves as a guide for both novices and seasoned professionals navigating the intricate landscape of machine learning. By providing a roadmap of innovations and fostering an awareness of ethical considerations, this paper aims to contribute to the responsible and informed advancement of machine learning technologies.
Preprint - Holistische Gesundheitsförderung durch waldbasierte Gesundheitsangebote auf Gemeindeebene - policy brief
Authors: Norz Adrian , Schneider Valentin
Published: January 2024

Dieses Dossier beschäftigt sich mit 'social und nature prescribing' und den positiven Einflüssen der Natur auf die Gesundheit. Neben körperlichen Aspekten durch Bewegung und Aktivität, werden durch die gruppenbasierte Gestaltung von naturbasierten Gesundheitsangeboten insbesondere auch die psychosozialen Bedürfnisse von Teilnehmer*innen gefördert und Einsamkeit sowie Stress reduziert. Somit können Gemeinden aktiv auf die Bedürfnisse ihrer älteren Bürger*innen eingehen, ihre Lebensqualität und Wohlbefinden steigern, ein aktives und gesundes Altern durch soziale Teilhabe fördern und damit auch zur Erreichung der österreichischen Gesundheitsziele beitragen.
Natural Language Processing of Auditory Perceptual Experiences: A Content-Analytic Approach
Authors: Gillespie Nathan Francis , Cox Gregory Edward
Published: January 2024

Much research in auditory cognition focuses on quantitative outcome variables that do not fully capture individual differences in how people perceive and remember auditory information. To better account for qualitative aspects of auditory experience, we use topic modeling to analyze 779 written responses to three questions regarding: 1) how people judged similarity between sounds; 2) how people remembered and recognized previously heard sounds; and 3) how people formed impressions of the sounds they heard. Cross-validation showed that 20 topics characterized the similarity responses, 16 characterized the recognition judgements, and 30 characterized people’s impressions. Principal components analysis of the topic distributions identified latent themes within each set of topics and produced component scores on those themes for every respondent. Similarity strategies clustered into three themes: Featural Separation, Impression Formation, and Listening Effort. Recognition strategies clustered into five themes: Featural Irregularity, Contrast, Holistic Processing, Timbral Impressions, and Featural Change. Impressions clustered into two themes: Mechanical Sounds, and Electronic Sounds. Results are analogous to the output of a traditional content analysis—but were produced in a fraction of the time using a replicable methodology that can scale to large datasets. Our work represents a new method for triangulating quantitative, qualitative, and computational methods in auditory research.
Latent Vector Autoregressive Modeling: A Stepwise Estimation Approach
Authors: Rein Manuel T. , Vermunt Jeroen , De Roover Kim , Vogelsmeier Leonie V. D. E.
Published: January 2024

Researchers often study dynamic processes of latent variables in everyday life, such as the interplay of positive and negative affect across consecutive time-points. An intuitive approach is to first estimate the measurement model of the latent variables, then compute factor scores, and finally use these scores as observed scores in vector autoregressive modeling. However, this approach neglects the uncertainty in the factor scores, which biases the parameter estimates and threatens the validity of conclusions about the dynamic process. We propose Three-Step Latent Vector Autoregression that adheres to this stepwise procedure while correcting for the factor scores’ uncertainty. Through a simulation study, we demonstrate that the method performs well in obtaining correct parameter estimates of a bivariate dynamic process. We further illustrate the application of the method with an empirical example and provide researchers with scripts to implement the method in the open-source software R using the lavaan package.
Alcohol effects on interoception shape expectancies and subjective effects. A registered report using the heart rate discrimination task.t Stage 2
Authors: Leganes-Fonteneau Mateo
Published: January 2024

Aims: Alcohol acutely impacts interoceptive processes, which in turn affect the perception of alcohol effects and the development of alcohol expectancies. However, previous research is limited by the tools used to measure cardiac interoception and subjective alcohol effects. This registered report proposes a re-examination of previous findings using a state-of-the-art measure of interoceptive capacity, the heart rate discrimination task, and measurements of subjective alcohol effects across both ascending and descending limbs.Methods: In a double-blind, placebo-controlled experiment, n=36 participants were given 0.4g/kg of ethanol, and a baseline measure of alcohol expectancies was obtained. Changes in interoceptive capacity after beverage administration, along with measures of light-headedness, mood, and biphasic alcohol effects, were assessed over two sessions.Hypotheses: As registered in this secondary data analysis, alcohol was expected to acutely impact different indices of interoceptive capacity, and those changes were hypothesized to correlate with subjective alcohol effects and expectancies. Analyses were conducted only following in-principle acceptance. Results: Alcohol-induced changes in interoceptive capacity predicted the development of light-headedness, stimulation and negative mood. Changes in interoceptive capacity were also correlated with negative alcohol expectancies, as measured two weeks prior to the experiment. These effects were unique to the interoceptive condition, as null-effects were observed in an exteroceptive control task.Discussion: This report offers a replication of key previous findings that alcohol impacts interoceptive processes to shape the detection of subjective alcohol effects. We propose that, through repeated drinking occasions, bodily responses feed into the experience of intoxication, shaping future expectancies about alcohol effects.
On the role of analytic thinking in religious belief change: Evidence from over 50,000 participants in 16 countries
Authors: Stagnaro Michael , Pennycook Gordon
Published: January 2024

Religious beliefs are among the most ubiquitous ideological beliefs in the world and often critical to people’s worldview. Nonetheless, there is a great deal of variability in the strength and persistence of such beliefs, both across and within cultures. Here, we are interested in what underlying cognitive processes are associated with the phenomena of religious belief change. Although previous research has linked the tendency to engage in analytic thinking with religious dis-belief, this work has missed the potentially larger relationship between analytic thinking and belief change more broadly – that is change in any/either direction. Across two large datasets, including 16 countries and 50,827 individuals, we found that roughly 25% of individuals indicated having substantively changing their beliefs at least once. Further, the relationship between analytic thinking and belief change appears independent from the association between analytic thinking and reported level of belief. Therefore, although analytic thinking is generally associated with a decrease in religious belief, we find some evidence that it may also support an increase in belief among those indicating past change. In total, this work provides evidence for a robust link between analytic thinking and religious belief change over time.
Finding Our Place - People And Things In Urban Citizen Belonging
Authors: Lister Pen , Norris Trevor
Published: January 2024

Updated to published version. Please cite correctly as indicated. Small edits are made in published version, with additional image and expanded conclusion. /// *Abstract*This paper concerns the ways we each find our selves in our cities, how we find selfhood and community in the changing fluid spaces of cultural ebb and flow that constitute contemporary urban landscapes. Technologically infused infrastructures of buildings, transport and communication together with time based obligations of work and recreation intertwines with the physical spaces of built environment and human coexistence to create complex layers of ‘being’ in place. We have begun to explore being and belonging in place through the exploration of self through literature in the context of a student-tutor research partnership entitled Reading and Writing the City, based in a final year undergraduate study module. This study module poses the question ‘what does it mean to belong to a place’ and we supplement this question for our research project with ‘what might being and belonging mean in a digitally augmented urban lifeworld’ that further contributes to the research area for digital lifeworld being and belonging in place and the city. Though space is limited in this short paper, we outline key concepts related to the idea of research partnerships in a speculative university of knowledge for its own sake, what it might mean to belong to places, future cities based in a sustainable ecology of care, the nature and role of ‘things’ in belonging, and how digital augmentation of self, objects and environment impact identity and belonging.
A Phenomenological Study of Value (Moral) Education in a School of Kirtipur Municipality
Authors: Acharya Milan
Published: January 2024

This study aims to explore how teachers experience on value education particularly related to moral education of students in a public school in Kirtipur. In addition, the study explores the challenges of maintaining value education that positively and adversely imparts quality education. A qualitative research design embedding phenomenological study was used in this study. Three secondary-level teachers were interviewed for more than half an hour each. The data were analyzed through thematic analysis. The finding shows students show a wide range of moral behaviors that make the importance of value education. In addition, Teachers face certain problems related to the curriculum, social environment, and family while transmitting values to students.
Drinking Water Supply System in Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Tamrakar Pratima
Published: January 2024

This study designed to analyze physical, chemical and microbiological parameters of drinking water quality and its management by the city water supply system in the Kathmandu Valley. The study covers 18 core areas including 32 samples sites. Altogether 325 samples collected from intake, reservoirs, treatment plants and deep wells to their connectivity as well as alternative sources such as shallow wells, tube wells, processed water and stone spouts of Sundarijal water supply system. Primary information collected through In-depth interview with 155 households (hhs), 15 focus group discussions, interview with 20 water suppliers (government and private sector) and 30 school teachers and students of linking with water supply system within the study areas. The study analyzed 7 physical, 16 chemical and 2 microbiological parameters (Total coliform (TC) and Fecal coliform (FC) following the standard methods (APHA 2000). The findings have elaborated the water quality in the source is acceptable and it is deteriorate the quality linking with its supply chains and connectivity, which is severely affected by the scaled, rusted, leakage, old pipelines and intermittence of water supply. Most of the sampling sites were microbiologically, contaminated (TC 6->180MPN/100mL and FC 1-7MPN/100mL). The processed water contains lower level of essential minerals because of reverse osmosis treatments.

The fluoride (0.8-2mg/L), manganese (0.1-0.5mg/L), ammonia (52-70mg/L), iron 5mg/L, color (20-25°Hazen), pH (6) and turbidity (32-40 NTU) in deep wells, its supplies, well, tube wells were found beyond the value of tolerance level recommended by NDWQS and WHO guidelines. About 98% hhs used traditional methods for water management; indicates poor handling practices. Hence water quality management is a big challenge in Kathmandu Valley in terms of adequate safe water and requires regular surveillances and monitoring system for improvement.
Effectiveness of Formative Evaluation on Mathematics Achievement
Authors: Acharya Nara Hari
Published: January 2024

Assessment plays a major role in how students learn, their motivation to learn, and how teachers teach. So in this research I have intended the effectiveness of the formative evaluation with analyzing non-cognitive behavior of students of basic level in mathematics. The mixed method approach was administrated for the study. The data were collected from achievement test of experimental and control group of students, interview and classroom observation form. It was found that there is no significant difference between the achievement score pre-test and posttest of the control group. But there is significant difference between achievements of the experimental group i.e, is the score of posttest is better than the pretest. Furthermore, the students who were teaching with different formative assessment strategies are more active and creative during the classroom teaching rather than the control group.
Parental Involvement on Home Schooling of Basic Level Children in Nepal
Authors: Basnyat Samjhana
Published: January 2024

This article explores the Parental Involvement on Home Schooling Practice of Basic Level children during and after COVID in Nepal. Many nations put emergency preparations into action because of COVID-19, including lockdowns and closing of schools. Families are now needed to support their children's learning at home due to the new circumstances that have greatly impacted them. COVID pandemic forced students' schools to close, schools are requiring hybrid homeschooling methods. Analyzing parents' impressions of them at-home involvement in their kids' education was the goal of the current study. For the characteristics of home learning, parental involvement, and pupils' learning activities, a basic qualitative method based on interviews and a small number of observations was used. Nine parents with kids in elementary school were used as a sample group for the data collection. Findings showed that parents helped their children during the epidemic by primarily keeping an eye on their focus in class and helping those complete tasks. However, a number of factors seem to play a substantial role in determining parental engagement time, effort, motivation, support for instruction, and learning environment creation. The results also show that parents especially of elementary school children must commit a large amount of time in preparing them for home school activities. The discussion of the implications for policies, schools, and families aims to support children's learning and the success of homeschooling.
सामाजिक अनुसन्धानमा अन्तर्वार्ता विधि र यसको प्रयोग {Interview method and its application in social research}
Authors: कार्की Karki जन्तराज Jantaraj
Published: January 2024

प्रस्तुत लेखले सामाजिक अनुसन्धानमा अन्तर्वार्ता विधि र यसको प्रयोग सम्बन्धमा समाजशास्त्रीय आँखाबाट नियाल्ने प्रयत्न गरेको छ । यो अध्ययन विश्लेषणात्मक विधिमा आधारित छ । यसले आफ्नो अध्ययनमा तथ्याङ्कहरुलाई खोज अनुसन्धान कसरी गर्ने, शिर्षक, उद्देश्य कसरी राख्ने, प्रश्नावली कसरी तयार गर्ने, तयार गरिएको तथ्याङ्कलाई कसरी विश्लेषण गरी निश्कर्ष मा पुग्ने र सन्दर्भ सामाग्री कसरी राख्ने भन्नेकुरालाई उल्लेख गरिएको छ । प्रस्तुत लेखले ऐतिहासिक सामाजिक तथ्याङ्क भरपर्दो बनाउनलाई मद्दत पु¥याउनका लागी आवश्यक विषयवस्तु राख्नका लागी सहयोग पुर्याउछ ।
Knowledge and Practice Regarding Menstrual Hygiene among School Going Adolescents of Kohalpur Municipality
Authors: Mahato Lalan , Poudel Priyanka , Jaishwal Aakash , Pathak Sheetal
Published: January 2024

Background: Menstruation is still considered as stigma in our society. The talks and discussion regarding menstruation is not quite acceptable because of shame   and fear. Therefore many girls and women have become the victim of sour incidents like diseases ,rape ,death ,depression etc. We made a small effort to access knowledge and practice regarding menstrual hygiene among school going adolescent girls of Kohalpur municipality through study.
Method: A cross sectional study was conducted from June to September 2021 among 359 students from grade eight, nine and  ten of 4 different schools of  Kohalpur municipality. Semiopen questionnaire were prepared and analysis was done to access knowledge and practice regarding menstrual hygiene. 
Results: 90.3% females had adequate knowledge about menstrual hygiene while 9.75 % females had poor knowledge .Majority of  females were engaged in good menstrual practices.
Conclusions: Majority of females had adequate  knowledge about menstrual hygiene but it has not being adequately brought into practices and the attitude of females towards menstrual hygiene is still unsatisfactory. As a result there is a need of awareness programs regarding menstrual hygiene and its management.
Comparative Study Between Conventional Polypectomy With Microdebrider Assisted Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Sharma Bibek , Pokharel Apar , Bhandari Chhanya , Upadhyay Hari Prasad
Published: January 2024

Background: Nasal polyposis is a frequent presentation in ENT & HNS OPD. When endoscope was introduced, surgical management of nasal polyposis took a turn. More recently microdebrider use is in frequent practice. The objective of this study is to compare the surgical outcome in patients undergoing microdebrider assisted endoscopic surgery and conventional methods using sinus endoscopes in the surgical management of nasal polyps.Methods: The study was a prospective randomized study carried out in department of ENT in college of medical sciences Bharatpur from January 2021 to December 2021. Forty patients undergoing nasal polypectomy were randomly allocated into two groups; Group C (n=20) underwent FESS using conventional instruments, Group M (n=20) underwent FESS assisted with microdebrider. Comparison was done based in intraoperative blood loss and surgical duration, and post operative outcome.Results: Blood loss was significantly less in Group M when compared with group C (P=0.000). Mean surgical time was also significantly less in group M (79.5 min), (P=0.000). No difference was found regarding postoperative scaring, crusting, nasal discharge, synechiae formation, polyp recurrence and hospital stay (P>0.05) when two groups were compared. Significant symptomatic improvement was observed in both groups in 3 and 6 months follow up visits when compared with preoperative symptoms. Significantly low postoperative VAS score in Group M was observed when compared with group C at 3 months postoperative follow up. Conclusions:It was concluded that FESS using conventional instruments or assisted with micodebrider is acceptable for surgical management of nasal polyposis. When both techniques are available, microdebrider assisted FESS is superior regarding less intraoperative blood loss, shorter surgical duration and better postoperative outcomes.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation among Nurses in Selected Hospitals of Bharatpur, Nepal
Authors: Ghimire Babita , Aryal Sujana , Upadhyay Hari Prasad
Published: January 2024

Background: Cardiac arrest is a significant public health problem projected to account for 15–20% of all deaths. It is also recorded by WHO to be an important cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a lifesaving medical procedure for victims of sudden cardiac arrest. The objective of the study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation among nurses in selected hospitals of Bharatpur, Nepal.Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study design was employed. A convenience sampling method was used to select the study areas as well as for data collection in selected hospitals of Bharatpur. A self-administered questionnaire and Likert scale was used to obtain data. Data obtained were summarized as frequencies, percentages, mean, standard deviation and associations were then tested using Likelihood, Fisher exact and Pearson’s chi-square test, at 5% Significance. Results: Total 216 nurses participated in the study, the result of the study indicated that majority of nurses in selected hospitals had poor knowledge (52.3%), with majority of positive attitude 52.3%. Out of 216 subjects, 27.8% had taken part in in-service education/ training while only 98(45.4%) nurses had performed CPR and has good practice 64.3%. Conclusions: The study result shows that the nurses still had inadequate level of knowledge, attitude and practice. In these facilities need further training and periodic workshop on cardiopulmonary resuscitation to help nurses improve upon quality of care given to cardiac arrest patients.
Exploring Teachers’ Perspectives on Slow Learners in the Science Classroom
Authors: Acharya Bisna , Sigdel Surya , Poudel Omkar
Published: January 2024

Background: Educators encounter a significant challenge when it comes to instructing students with slower learning abilities in the field of science classroom. Students with limited cognitive abilities are typically identified as slow learners. The objective of this study was to examine the attitudes of teachers towards students with slower learning abilities in science classrooms and analyze their perceptions of these students. Methods: The study has been conducted by selecting a sample of 51 science teachers who teach at basic and secondary school levels. A representative sample of 51 teachers, who teach at basic and secondary level, were selected from 6 public schools in Chandragiri Municipality, Kathmandu district and 10 public schools in Ratnanagar Municipality, Chitwan district. The required data were gathered using a survey that employed three-point Likert-type questionnaires. The data were analyzed using frequency and percentage analysis. Results: The findings indicate that the science teachers exhibited a positive attitude towards students who have a slower learning pace. Conclusions: It is recommended to prioritize the enhancement of their science learning experience.
Message from Editor-in-Chief International Journal of Silkroad Institute of Research and Training (IJSIRT)
Authors: Pradhan Bijay Lal
Published: January 2024

As we embark on the journey into the second volume of the International Journal of Silkroad Institute of Research and Training (IJSIRT), it is with great enthusiasm and anticipation that we extend our warmest greetings to all members of the scholarly community. Our collective commitment to advancing the frontiers of knowledge, fostering innovation, and promoting high-quality research has brought us to this significant milestone.In the world of academics, researchers are always exploring new ideas and trying to understand things better. It's like a never-ending adventure into the unknown, where researchers are like explorers discovering new things and adding in the world of knowledge. IJSIRT is a platform for scholars on this journey, giving them a place to share their groundbreaking discoveries and learn from each other.
Duty Bearers and Care Seekers
Authors: Baral Gehanath
Published: January 2024

Health care systems and businesses have a common format of service delivery to the customer. Both internal and external customers are there and the difference is in the urgency, degree of continuity of care, and sensitivity of issues. Motivation of internal customers and satisfaction of external customers are the key elements of success. The service system is described as a Four-block service system.
Laser Hemorrhoidoplasty for Treatment of the Hemorrhoids in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai Amit , Adhikari Dinesh , Poudel Saurav , Mehta Anil Kumar , Yadav Dipak Kumar , Parajuli Bivusha , Singh Abhilekh Kumar
Published: January 2024

Background: Millions worldwide are affected by hemorrhoids (prevalence 2.9%-27.9%), causing symptoms in over 4% of individuals. These anorectal disorders result from enlarged anal hemorrhoidal cushions, often due to constipation. Internal or external, they're graded by prolapse severity, with common symptoms including painless rectal bleeding. Treatment options range from conservative to surgical, with the gold standard, Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy, associated with postoperative pain. Laser hemorrhoidoplasty, a minimally invasive diode laser approach, shows promise, offering less postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, and fewer complications than traditional surgical methods.

Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study of 40 adults undergoing laser hemorrhoidectomy for symptomatic Goligher’s grade II and III hemorrhoids at Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal, from June 2022 to June 2023. Outcomes included pain scores, bleeding, operative time, postoperative complications, hospital stay length, return-to-work time, and patient satisfaction measured by QOL SF36 scoring.

Results: Among 40 patients, 16 were male and 24 females, averaging 42.32 ± 12.26 years. Grade III hemorrhoids were found in 31 patients, Grade II in 9. Operative time averaged 17.22 ± 2.14 minutes, with one case of managed intraoperative bleeding. Postoperative symptoms included pain, skin tags, and wound infection, but no reactive bleeding, urinary, or stool/flatus incontinence. Two cases experienced recurrence. Patient satisfaction in general health evaluation scored 65.11 ± 10.35.

Conclusion: Laser hemorrhoidoplasty is associated with less complications, quicker operative time, quick recovery and similar patient satisfaction when compared to surgical methods of hemorrhoidectomy.
Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms among Patients with Hypothyroidism in a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Acharya Mukti , Karki Deepak , Shah Surendra Prasad
Published: January 2024

Background: The correlation between depression, anxiety and thyroid function is widely recognized. These conditions exhibit numerous similar symptoms, which complicates the process of diagnosing and treating them. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of Anxiety Symptoms in Individuals with Hypothyroidism at a Specialized Medical Facility.

Materials and Methods: A comprehensive assessment was conducted on 100 individuals who had been diagnosed with hypothyroidism. The evaluation involved the utilization of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A). The study included participants of all genders, ranging in age from 18 to 45 years, who had confirmed diagnoses of hypothyroidism and provided their explicit written consent.

Results: Out of the participants, 73% were females and 27% were males. Among the total sample, 63% displayed different levels of depression based on the HDR Scale, while 65% exhibited varying degrees of anxiety according to the HAM-A scales. When considering males, the most prevalent symptoms in line with the HDR scales were feelings of depression (74.07%) and anxiety (85.18%). Conversely, among females, the most frequent symptoms were somatic symptoms related to the gastrointestinal system (69.86%). Analyzing the HAM-A scales, the primary symptom for males was depressed mood (92.59%), whereas for females, it was anxious mood (93.15%).

Conclusion: There is significant prevalence of depression and anxiety among the patients with hypothyroidism.
Association of Non High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol and HbA1c in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Thapa Saroj , Vaidya Nirish , Pandey Rachana , Takanche Jyoti Shrestha
Published: January 2024

Background: Dyslipidemia is a common issue among diabetic patients and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Non-High Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol has emerged as a valuable marker for assessing combined cardiovascular risk in diabetes. Measures to improve the Non-High Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol within optimal level might improve the glycemic status and decrease the cardiovascular risk. This study aims to examine the relationship between Non-High Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol and glycated hemoglobin levels in type 2 diabetic patients.

Materials and Methods: A hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 544 individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The classification of lipid profile and glycemic control was carried out as per the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Plan III and American Diabetes Association guidelines.

Results: Our study found that Non-High Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol levels was higher in uncontrolled diabetes (157.9±46.8) compared to controlled diabetes (132.6±40.6), with a statistically significant difference (P<0.001). There was a weak positive correlation between Non-High Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol and glycated hemoglobin levels (r=0.37).Among the total participants, 226 (41.5%) had optimal Non-High Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol level whereas 318 (58.5%) had high Non-High Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol.

Conclusion: This study confirms a positive correlation between Non-High Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol and HbA1c levels in type 2 diabetic patients. Dyslipidemia prevalence was substantial, emphasizing the importance of achieving target Non-High Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol levels for improved glycemic control and cardiovascular risk reduction.
Use of Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant to Ropivacaine in Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block for Patients Undergoing Upper Limb Surgery
Authors: Regmi Gunjan , Khanal Kanak , Arjyal Batsalya , Pyakurel Kumud , Pradhan Roshan , Rajbhandari Prasun
Published: January 2024

Background: Various adjuvants have been added in Brachial plexus block but only few studies have reported the use of dexmedetomidine. Alpha 2 agonist Dexmedetomidine used as an adjuvant to the local anesthetic has been suggested to prolong the duration of peripheral nerve block. The objective of this study is to compare the effect adding Dexmedetomidine to Ropivacaine in Supraclavicular brachial plexus block

Materials and Methods: A Quantitative, comparative cross sectional prospective study was conducted in 78 patients randomly allocated into three groups. Group R received 30ml of  0.5% Ropivacaine,  Group B  received  30ml of 0.5% Ropivacaine + 50mcg of  Dexmedetomidine  for supraclavicular block and Group Y received 30ml of 0.5% Ropivacaine 0.5% for supraclavicular block and intravenous Dexmedetomidine 50mcg . The onset time to sensory and motor blockade, duration of sensory and motor block and duration of analgesia were recorded.

Results: The onset of Sensory block and motor block was earlier in group B than in group Y and group R. The duration of sensory block and motor block duration was also prolonged in group B when compared with group Y and group R. The duration of analgesia was significantly longer in group B, and group Y when compared to group R.

Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to Ropivacaine decreases the sensory as well as motor block onset time, prolongs sensory and motor block duration and also increases the duration of analgesia. The action of Dexmedetomidine most probably is local rather than centrally mediated.