bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Programming for holistic value creation: collaboration, coordination and perception
Authors: Laursen Markus , Killen Catherine P.
Published: November 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to holistically explore value creation approaches in a program of cultural projects to inform the practices of project/program management in both public and private sectors.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper brings together the literature on project, program and portfolio value creation to inform a case study conducted with engaged scholarship research methods.

Findings

Three themes of value creation are revealed: managing collaboration, coordination and perception. Effectuation and causation are both observed, demonstrating that a combination of logics underpin decision making in projects.

Research limitations/implications

The results are based on a single case in a cultural context. Further research is needed to determine whether the observed value creation themes apply more generally, and to explore more deeply the use of logics associated with entrepreneurship in project decision making.

Practical implications

The study reveals several non-commercial aspects of value creation that may play a role across a range of project environments. Practitioners may be able to recognize a wider range of value creation and to better nurture these previously unacknowledged types of value.

Originality/value

The study provides new insights on value and decision logic through in-depth analysis of value creation in a program of culture projects.
Controversial fashion, ethical concerns and environmentally significant behaviour
Authors: de Klerk Helena M. , Kearns Madelein , Redwood Mike
Published: November 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper to report on the role of luxury value perceptions and ethical concerns in consumers’ environmentally significant behaviour and purchase intent for genuine leather products.

Design/methodology/approach

Non-probability sampling was done and 429 South African males and females, aged 26 years and older and who fell in a household income bracket that allowed them to purchase genuine leather products, completed a structured questionnaire during September 2016.

Findings

The study determined that South African consumers’ strong functional and individual luxury value perceptions drive their above-average purchase intent for genuine leather products. Strong individual value perceptions correlated negatively with their purchase intent. Respondents’ expressed strong ethical concerns but almost never participate in environmentally significant behaviour.

Research limitations/implications

Findings have implications for the leather industry and retailers and brands who would like to enter the South African luxury leather market. Due to the sampling method, findings can, however, not been generalised to the total population.

Practical implications

The leather industry and leather brands should market themselves with the message that the highest pro-environmental and ethical standards have been maintained and that their products should therefore fulfil important individual and functional value perceptions.

Originality/value

This study was the first of its kind about the multi-cultural South African leather market’s luxury value perceptions, ethical concerns and environmentally significant behaviour.
Social media analytics: how they support company public relations
Authors: Tam Lisa , Kim Jeong-Nam
Published: November 2018

Purpose

In the midst of practitioners’ increasing use of social media analytics (SMA) in guiding public relations (PR) strategy, this paper aims to present the capabilities and limitations of these tools and offers suggestions on how to best use them to gain research-based insights.

Design/methodology/approach

This review assesses the capabilities and limitations of SMA tools based on industry reports and research articles on trends in PR and SMA.

Findings

The strengths of SMA tools lie in their capability to gather and aggregate a large quantity of real-time social media data, use algorithms to analyze the data and present the results in ways meaningful to organizations and understand networks of issues and publics. However, there are also challenges, including the increasing restricted access to social media data, the increased use of bots, skewing social conversations in the public sphere, the lack of capability to analyze certain types of data, such as visual data and the discrepancy between data collected on social media and through other methods.

Originality/value

This review suggests that PR professionals acknowledge the capabilities and limitations of SMA tools when using them to inform strategy.
Big data visualisation, geographic information systems and decision making in healthcare management
Authors: Chinnaswamy Anitha , Papa Armando , Dezi Luca , Mattiacci Alberto
Published: November 2018

Purpose

The World Health Organisation estimates that 92 per cent of the world’s population does not have access to clean air. The World Bank in 2013 estimated that only air pollution (AP) was responsible for a $225bn cost in lost productivity. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the current scholarly debate on the value of Big Data for effective healthcare management. Its focus on cardiovascular disease (CVD) in developing countries, a major cause of disability and premature death and a subject of increasing research in recent years, makes this research particularly valuable.

Design/methodology/approach

In order to assess the effects of AP on CVD in developing countries, the city of Bangalore was selected as a case study. Bangalore is one of the fastest growing economies in India, representative of the rapidly growing cities in the developing world. Demographic, AP and CVD data sets covering more than 1m historic records were obtained from governmental organisations. The spatial analysis of such data sets allowed visualisation of the correlation between the demographics of the city, the levels of pollution and deaths caused by CVDs, thus informing decision making in several sectors and at different levels.

Findings

Although there is increasing concern in councils and other responsible governmental agencies, resources required to monitor and address the challenges of pollution are limited due to the high costs involved. This research shows that with developments in the domains of Big Data, Internet of Things and smart cities, opportunities to monitor pollution result in high volumes of data. Existing technologies for data analytics can empower decision makers and even the public with knowledge on pollution. This paper has demonstrated a methodological approach for the collection and visual representation of Big Data sets allowing for an understanding of the spread of CVDs across the city of Bangalore, enabling different stakeholders to query the data sets and reveal specific statistics of key hotspots where action is required.

Originality/value

This research has been conducted to demonstrate the value of Big Data in generating a strategic knowledge-driven decision-support system to provide focused and targeted interventions for environmental health management. This case study research is based on the use of a geographic information system for the visualisation of a Big Data set collected from Bangalore, a region in India seriously affected by pollution.
Workplace ostracism and job performance: roles of self-efficacy and job level
Authors: De Clercq Dirk , Haq Inam Ul , Azeem Muhammad Umer
Published: November 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how employees’ perceptions of workplace ostracism might reduce their job performance, as well as how the negative workplace ostracism–job performance relationship might be buffered by their self-efficacy. It also considers how this buffering role of self-efficacy might vary according to employees’ job level.

Design/methodology/approach

Quantitative data came from a survey of employees and their supervisors in Pakistani organizations.

Findings

Workplace ostracism relates negatively to job performance, but this relationship is weaker at higher levels of self-efficacy. The buffering role of self-efficacy is particularly strong among employees at higher job levels.

Practical implications

Organizations that cannot prevent some of their employees from feeling excluded by other members can counter the related threat of underperformance by promoting employees’ confidence in their own skills and competencies. This measure is particularly useful among higher-ranking employees.

Originality/value

This study provides a more complete understanding of the circumstances in which workplace ostracism is less likely to diminish employees’ job performance, by specifying the concurrent influences of workplace ostracism, self-efficacy and job level.
Preparation of optimum degreasing–sintering process for metal–polymer blending low temperature 3D printing
Authors: Wang Chuansheng , Cai Ning , Zhang Dewei , Zhang Jinxiu , Chang Tianhao , Li Shaoming , Chao Yuqi , Hu Jiquan
Published: November 2018

Purpose

This purpose of this study was to develop a 3D printer based on powder particle. The best degreasing and sintering process of a blank body was investigated to obtain a metal product with high precision and high surface finish. This process will greatly reduce the difficulty and cost of forming a complex metal product with high application value.

Design/methodology/approach

Stainless steel powder and polymer materials were mixed using a rubber mixing machine. The powders were granulated to prepare a mixed material. A powder feed 3D printer was used at low temperature (about 200°C) to print and degrease the body. A series of sintering experiments were performed to study the different sintering temperatures, and the physical and mechanical properties of the sample sintered under various conditions were compared to determine the best degreasing and sintering process.

Findings

The reaction at 1,370°C was the optimal route for the metal billet degreasing. The resulting metal products had fine structure and stable performance compared with the products with traditional powder metallurgy composition.

Originality/value

Most 3D printed metal powder materials rely on imports, which are expensive and increase the manufacturing cost. These drawbacks limit the application and development of metal 3D printing technology to a certain extent. The successful study of this molding method greatly reduces the difficulty and cost of forming complex metal products with high application value. This report will provide valuable guidance for sintering process and forming methods.
Striving for legitimacy through CSR: an exploration of employees responses in controversial industry sector
Authors: Fatma Mobin , Khan Imran , Rahman Zillur
Published: November 2018

Purpose

Based on the social identification theory, this study aims to understand employees’ reactions to corporate social responsibility (CSR) in oil companies. This study finds that employees’ perceived CSR is positively related to the employee organizational identification in controversial sector companies.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors chose to analyze five oil companies in India. These companies are large in size and revenue and provide a valid context for the present study. A survey of 316 employees had been carried out in the year 2015 at the headquarters of these companies located in India.

Findings

The finding shows that organization CSR activities enhance employees’ organizational identification, which in turn leads to employee commitment to their organization. Furthermore, the finding highlights the relationship between perceived CSR and organizational identification, which is mediated by perceived external prestige and perceived organizational support.

Research limitations/implications

The limitation of this study is the cross-sectional research design. The variables under investigation were measured only at one specific point of time. Another restriction of the study is that the data had been collected from the self-reported questionnaire. The results were dependent on how employees perceive and interpret how outside world assesses or views their organization.

Originality/value

This study provides a first step of empirical evidence suggesting that CSR engagement is important and can help in building the relation with stakeholders even in controversial industry.
Do consumers really care about organisational motives behind CSR? The moderating role of trust in the company
Authors: Zasuwa Grzegorz
Published: November 2018

Purpose

Literature on corporate social responsibility (CSR) posits that organisational motives underlying corporate social initiatives play a key role in stakeholder responses to these activities. However, individuals do not always make attributions. This study aims to examine when CSR attributions shape consumer reactions to CSR initiatives.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on attribution theory and relevant literature on consumer trust, this study proposes a framework for explaining when attributions shape reactions to CSR initiatives. To test this framework, the study uses data from a random sample of 512 Polish consumers.

Findings

The results show that consumer responses to corporate social initiatives are largely independent of perceived corporate motivation when a consumer has a high trust in the firm. However, a low level of initial trust triggers causal thinking and its effects. Specifically, if a firm lacks credibility, self-serving attributions negatively influence consumer outcomes of social initiatives, but they remain neutral when trust is high. Accordingly, when trust is low, other-serving attributions have greater effects on the initiative outcomes than when trust is high.

Originality/value

The paper provides important insights into CSR literature by showing that initial trust in the company is a salient variable that moderates the link between CSR attributions and consumer responses to these actions. This role of trust has been largely unexplored as past studies considered trust in the firm to be a key outcome of corporate social performance.
Twenty-first century Total Quality Management: the Emergence Paradigm
Authors: van Kemenade Everard , Hardjono Teun W.
Published: November 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present the framework of a fourth paradigm since the existing three paradigms in quality management are not sufficient anymore to understand what happened in the past and surely fail to understand what is happening at the moment and needed in future.

Design/methodology/approach

A literature review has been undertaken on different visions on quality management that are used. The underlying principles have led to three quality paradigms. Literature on quadrant models is studied to place the three existing paradigms and identify the possible characteristics of the fourth.

Findings

One can discern four quality paradigms in quality management: the Empirical Paradigm, the Reference Paradigm, the Reflective Paradigm and the Emergence Paradigm. The use of these paradigms differs according to the context. Together they form a concept of Total Quality Management. At the moment the Emergence Paradigm has not had enough attention although it might be the best equipped to find new ways of working for the organisations in the current context.

Research limitations/implications

In the literature review the authors selected seven journals in the Business Source Premier database: Total Quality Management (Total Quality Management & Business Excellence); the Academy of Management Review; Product and Operations Management; Organisational Dynamics; the Harvard Business Review; the Sloan Management Review and Organisational Behavior and Performance. In the advanced search mode the authors entered two subjects: “quality management” and “paradigm”. The selected results (in total 289 articles) were examined for its fitness for answering the questions above. That resulted in a selection of 26 articles that are being used in the literature review.

Practical implications

The Emergence Paradigm can be further investigated on its use for quality management in organisations in times of emergent change. Some first insights have been presented here.

Social implications

The Emergence Paradigm can have impact beyond the field of quality management.

Originality/value

The paper provides new insights in the essence of quality management in times of change and clarity on the usability of the thoughts and tools of four different paradigms in the twenty-first century.
What does “green quality” really mean?
Authors: Gouda Sirish Kumar , Awasthy Prakash , T.S. Krishnan , R. Sreedevi
Published: November 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to identify various dimensions of green quality. It integrates the existing carbon footprinting technique with the eight dimensions of quality proposed by Garvin (1984, 1987). Apart from extending these concepts, it also proposes two new dimensions – traceability and standardization which are not explicitly considered by the above two.

Design/methodology/approach

Conceptual theory building is used to develop a framework consisting of three interrelated propositions which explain the underlying dimensions of green quality and provide a better understanding of the same.

Findings

Similar to the eight dimensions of quality proposed by Garvin, the authors propose various dimensions of green quality and develop three propositions around these dimensions. This conceptual framework is developed by integrating the works of traditional quality (specifically Garvin’s eight dimensions), emergent literature on green products and their attributes, carbon footprinting from environmental economics discipline by summarizing their common elements and contrasting their differences.

Originality/value

This research is one of the first studies that explore the dimensions of green quality of a product. Apart from discovering and exploring inherent greenness in Garvin’s eight dimensions of quality, the authors also discuss about two new dimensions – traceability and standardization.
Managing tourism development: a kit for action
Authors: Pardo Carmen
Published: November 2018

Purpose

Tourism impact on the economy is a reality that is going to be around for years to come. However, recognition of the “less positive” effects of tourism means that both private and public sectors need to reach a consensus in trying to mitigate and correct (or avoid) present and potential impacts. The purpose of this paper is to consider the positive aspects of tourism development and the use of technology to help anticipate and correctly manage the added value of tourism impacts.

Design/methodology/approach

Presents the viewpoint of the author, based on her significant experience as a public and private sectors’ manager, thus describing some of the challenges posed by tourism development and suggestions for action.

Findings

Tourism-related impacts do not “just happen”, they are the result of tourism growth and both public and private sectors need to use new solutions, based on tourism intelligence to anticipate threats and explore opportunities.

Practical implications

Tourism intelligence offers a route to defining strategies to better balance and manage tourism flows and, where necessary, to compensate residents, to reduce the pressures of tourism on popular areas and to mitigate potential tourism damage.

Originality/value

It is often the case that those who claim that tourism promotes over-use or over-exploitation of natural resources think that reducing tourism is the only possible solution. This paper suggests that tourists can live together with locals without damaging their quality of life.
The travel industry in 2018 – setting the scene for the future
Authors: Moreno de la Santa Javier González-Soria
Published: November 2018

Purpose

The purpose of the paper is to identify key challenges and opportunities for tourist destinations.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper provides an analysis and discussion of travel and hospitality trends.

Findings

The major travel and tourism trends are: the unstoppable digital transformation of the travel industry; the dominance of travel online for information and bookings; advancing complexity in traveller acquisition; and new tourism power is in the East.

Practical implications

The paper clarifies a number of potential issues and problems and offers possible mitigating measures.

Originality/value

Offers insights based on an expert reading of the present.
Strangership and Social Media: Moral Imaginaries of Gendered Strangers in Rural China
Authors: McDonald Tom
Published: November 2018

“The stranger” has been a recurring figure in anthropology and sociology, often taken to represent the antithesis of kinship and friendship, or as personifying the anomie of contemporary social life. Drawing on participant observation documenting interactions with strangers occurring on social media in a rural Chinese town, I demonstrate how online stranger relations happening therein rework existing boundaries between friends and strangers while also assuming uniquely gendered qualities. This fuels social imaginaries and moral concerns around such interactions, posing an implicit threat to traditional forms of relationships, especially monogamous marriage. Building on this unique instance of stranger relations, I argue for the need to develop an anthropological notion of “strangership” capable of treating such connections as an analytically distinct relational form. Acknowledging the local specificities and potentialities of strangership is, I claim, a necessary first step for unlocking the concept's comparative potential for the anthropological discipline.
From Grenfell Tower to the Home Front: Unsettling Property Norms Using a Genealogical Approach
Authors: Burgum Samuel
Published: November 2018

The Grenfell fire was symbolic of an unequal urban landscape closely tied to material and aesthetic norms around property ownership and entitlement. The aim of this paper is to unsettle these norms by advancing a novel genealogical approach. Through systematic review of government archives seldom studied by property researchers, historical comparisons are mobilised to challenge the taken‐for‐granted way in which we approach property and ownership today. It is shown how, in the face of a comparable housing crisis and direct action, both Churchill's and Atlee's post‐war governments temporarily overlooked property norms by extending wartime requisitioning powers. Going further, however, the paper argues that by revisiting history, we can also rediscover a legacy of “forced entry” that might open up political possibilities in the present. By advancing a genealogical approach to ownership, the paper contributes to wider discussions around property norms, concluding that we have before (and can again) enact property differently.
Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) abolishes chronic high salt‐induced renal injury and inflammation
Authors: De Miguel Carmen , Sedaka Randee , Kasztan Malgorzata , Lever Jeremie M. , Sonnenberger Michelle , Abad Andrew , Jin Chunhua , Carmines Pamela K. , Pollock David M. , Pollock Jennifer S.
Published: November 2018

Aim

Chronic high salt intake exaggerates renal injury and inflammation, especially with the loss of functional ETB receptors. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is a chemical chaperone and bile salt that is approved for the treatment of hepatic diseases. Our aim was to determine whether TUDCA is reno‐protective in a model of ETB receptor deficiency with chronic high salt‐induced renal injury and inflammation.

Methods

ETB‐deficient and transgenic control rats were placed on normal (0.8% NaCl) or high salt (8% NaCl) diet for 3 weeks, receiving TUDCA (400 mg/kg/d; ip) or vehicle. Histological and biochemical markers of kidney injury, renal cell death and renal inflammation were assessed.

Results

In ETB‐deficient rats, high salt diet significantly increased glomerular and proximal tubular histological injury, proteinuria, albuminuria, excretion of tubular injury markers KIM‐1 and NGAL, renal cortical cell death and renal CD4+ T cell numbers. TUDCA treatment increased proximal tubule megalin expression as well as prevented high salt diet‐induced glomerular and tubular damage in ETB‐deficient rats, as indicated by reduced kidney injury markers, decreased glomerular permeability and proximal tubule brush border restoration, as well as reduced renal inflammation. However, TUDCA had no significant effect on blood pressure.

Conclusions

TUDCA protects against the development of glomerular and proximal tubular damage, decreases renal cell death and inflammation in the renal cortex in rats with ETB receptor dysfunction on a chronic high salt diet. These results highlight the potential use of TUDCA as a preventive tool against chronic high salt induced renal damage.
RNAseq‐based phylogenetic reconstruction of Taxaceae and Cephalotaxaceae
Authors: Majeed Aasim , Singh Amandeep , Choudhary Shruti , Bhardwaj Pankaj
Published: November 2018

Taxaceae and Cephalotaxaceae are the two economically important conifer families. Over the years there has been much controversy over the issue of merging these families. The position of Amentotaxus and Torreya is also ambiguous. Some authors consider them closer to Taxaceae while others deemed them to fit within Cephalotaxaceae. Still, others prefer to raise them to their own tribe. Different morphological, anatomical, embryological and phylogenetic evidence supports one or the other view, making the precise delineation between them unresolved. Here we used an RNAseq‐based approach to obtain orthologous genes across the selected species to reconstruct a more robust phylogeny of these families. A total of 233.123 million raw reads were de novo assembled to generate nine different transcript assemblies for the corresponding species. Of the 940 191 assembled transcripts across nine species, we generated 409 734 unigenes, which were clustered into orthologous groups. A total of 331 single‐copy complete orthologous groups were selected for phylogenetic analysis. Maximum‐likelihood, maximum‐parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic trees showed a sister relationship between Taxaceae and Cephalotaxaceae. Our analysis supports their distinctiveness at the family level and also shows that Amentotaxus and Torreya fit within Cephalotaxaceae.
Contact dermatitis and sensitization in professional musicians
Authors: Kraft Magdalena , Schubert Steffen , Geier Johannes , Worm Margitta ,   for the IVDK
Published: November 2018

Background

Professional musicians have prolonged and intense physical contact with their instruments. This can lead to occupational skin diseases, particularly irritant and allergic contact dermatitis.

Objectives

To assess the skin diseases and sensitization patterns common among professional musicians.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of the data of the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) was performed, including data from 1997 to 2017.

Results

We identified 236 professional musicians. In this group, male sex (58.6%) and younger age (60.6% aged < 40 years) were common. The musicians suffered more frequently from facial dermatitis (23.7% vs 15.7%) and less often from leg dermatitis (5.1% vs 10.7%) than the control group (the non‐musicians in the IVDK database). The most frequent diagnoses were allergic contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, and irritant contact dermatitis. The sensitization profile of the professional musicians was similar to that of the control group. In 8.9% of cases, an occupational background of skin disease was confirmed.

Conclusions

Severe occupational skin diseases among professional musicians are not as common as in classic “skin‐damaging” professions. However, as these skin conditions can mostly be controlled with simple preventive measures, we recommend that this group should be patch tested and treated by a specialist.
THE SIZE OF FISCAL MULTIPLIERS AND THE STANCE OF MONETARY POLICY IN DEVELOPING ECONOMIES
Authors: Ojeda‐Joya Jair N. , Guzman Oscar E.
Published: November 2018

Implementing fiscal programs during monetary policy expansions seems to improve significantly their economic stimulus. We find this result by estimating the effect of government consumption shocks on gross domestic product (GDP) using a panel of 23 developing economies. Our goal is to better understand the reasons for the low fiscal multipliers found in the literature by performing estimations for alternative exchange rate regimes, business‐cycle phases, and monetary policy stances. In addition, we perform counterfactual simulations to analyze the possible gains from fiscal‐monetary policy coordination. Our results also show lower multipliers in developing economies with flexible regimes, especially during economic slowdowns. (JEL E62, E63, F32)
A case of multinucleate cell angiohistiocytoma in a 14‐year‐old boy showing two different clinical and histopathological findings
Authors: Suh Joong‐Heon , Lee Soo‐Kyung , Kim Ho‐Young , Kim Myoung‐Shin , Lee Un‐Ha
Published: November 2018

Multinucleate cell angiohistiocytoma (MCAH) is a rare cutaneous disease entity characterized by multiple red‐to‐brown or violaceous papules usually located on the acral regions, such as the face and the distal arms and legs. It affects elderly women more than men and rarely occurs at a young age. The exact pathogenic mechanism of MCAH is not yet clearly understood.

We report an exceptionally rare case of a 14‐year‐old boy who presented with multiple asymptomatic erythematous papules and a single flat brownish plaque on the left chest. The brownish plaque lesion histologically showed proliferation of dilated small vessels in the upper‐mid dermis and numerous oddly shaped multinucleate cells intermingled with lymphocytes and macrophages. The erythematous papules also showed dilated small vessels in the upper‐mid dermis and multiple interstitial histiocytic infiltrations, but no multinucleate cells were detected. In immunohistochemistry studies, CD68 and vimentin staining were positive for both specimens. Based on the clinicopathological findings and immunohistochemistry studies, MCAH was diagnosed.

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of MCAH occurring in young age and showing two different clinical and histological phases at the same time.
The association between vascular complications during pregnancy in women with Type 1 diabetes and congenital malformations
Authors: Samii L. , Kallas‐Koeman M. , Donovan L. E. , Lodha A. , Crawford S. , Butalia S.
Published: November 2018

Aims

To assess the association between vascular complications of diabetes and the risk of congenital malformations in pregnant women with Type 1 diabetes.

Methods

We conducted an observational retrospective cohort study in women with Type 1 diabetes who received care consecutively from three tertiary care diabetes‐in‐pregnancy clinics in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between vascular complications (retinopathy, nephropathy and pre‐existing hypertension) and congenital malformations in offspring of women with Type 1 diabetes.

Results

Of 232 women with Type 1 diabetes, 49 (21%) had at least one vascular complication and there were 52 babies with congenital malformations. Maternal age (31.8 ± 5.0 vs. 29.4 ± 4.7 years, P < 0.01), diabetes duration (20.9 ± 6.7 vs. 11.2 ± 7.4 years, P < 0.01) and pre‐eclampsia rate (12.5% vs. 1.3%, P < 0.01) were higher in mothers with vascular complications than in those without. Multivariable analyses showed that vascular complications were not associated with an increased risk of congenital malformations (odds ratio 1.16, 95% confidence interval 0.46 to 2.88).

Conclusions

Vascular complications are common, occurring in one‐fifth of pregnant women with Type 1 diabetes, and in this study do not appear to be associated with an increased risk of congenital malformations in children.
The mechanosensitive Piezo1 channel: a three‐bladed propeller‐like structure and a lever‐like mechanogating mechanism
Authors: Zhao Qiancheng , Zhou Heng , Li Xueming , Xiao Bailong
Published: November 2018

The evolutionarily conserved Piezo proteins, including Piezo1 and Piezo2, constitute a bona fide class of mechanosensitive (MS) cation channels, which play critical roles in various mammalian physiologies, including sensation of touch, proprioception and regulation of vascular development, and blood pressure. Furthermore, mutations in Piezos have been linked to various human genetic diseases, validating their potential as therapeutic targets. Thus, it is pivotal to understand how Piezo channels effectively convert mechanical force into selective cation permeation, and therefore precisely control the various mechanotransduction processes. On the basis of our recently determined cryoelectron microscopy structures of the full‐length 2547‐residue mouse Piezo1, structure‐guided mutagenesis, and electrophysiological and pharmacological characterizations, here we focus on reviewing the key structural features and functional components that enable Piezo1 to employ a lever‐like mechanogating mechanism to function as a sophisticated mechanotransduction channel.
p62/SQSTM1: ‘Jack of all trades’ in health and cancer
Authors: Sánchez‐Martín Pablo , Saito Tetsuya , Komatsu Masaaki
Published: November 2018

p62 is a stress‐inducible protein able to change among binding partners, cellular localizations and form liquid droplet structures in a context‐dependent manner. This protein is mainly defined as a cargo receptor for selective autophagy, a process that allows the degradation of detrimental and unnecessary components through the lysosome. Besides this role, its ability to interact with multiple binding partners allows p62 to act as a main regulator of the activation of the Nrf2, mTORC1, and NF‐κB signaling pathways, linking p62 to the oxidative defense system, nutrient sensing, and inflammation, respectively. In the present review, we will present the molecular mechanisms behind the control p62 exerts over these pathways, their interconnection and how their deregulation contributes to cancer progression.
A triple trophic boost: How carbon emissions indirectly change a marine food chain
Authors: Doubleday Zoë A. , Nagelkerken Ivan , Coutts Madeleine D. , Goldenberg Silvan U. , Connell Sean D.
Published: November 2018

The pervasive enrichment of CO2 in our oceans is a well‐documented stressor to marine life. Yet, there is little understanding about how CO2 affects species indirectly in naturally complex communities. Using natural CO2 vents, we investigated the indirect effects of CO2 enrichment through a marine food chain. We show how CO2 boosted the biomass of three trophic levels: from the primary producers (algae), through to their grazers (gastropods), and finally through to their predators (fish). We also found that consumption by both grazers and predators intensified under CO2 enrichment, but, ultimately, this top‐down control failed to compensate for the boosted biomass of both primary producers and herbivores (bottom‐up control). Our study suggests that indirect effects can buffer the ubiquitous and direct, negative effects of CO2 enrichment by allowing the upward propagation of resources through the food chain. Maintaining the natural complexity of food webs in our ocean communities could, therefore, help minimize the future impacts of CO2 enrichment.
Liver resection for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after radiofrequency ablation therapy
Authors: Yamagishi Shunsuke , Midorikawa Yutaka , Nakayama Hisashi , Higaki Tokio , Moriguchi Masamichi , Aramaki Osamu , Yamazaki Shintaro , Tsuji Shingo , Takayama Tadatoshi
Published: November 2018

Aim

Although radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an effective local treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), local recurrence is relatively frequent. We aimed to elucidate the validity of salvage liver resection for recurrent HCC after RFA.

Methods

Patients who underwent liver resection for recurrent HCC after RFA (LR after RFA) and those who underwent second liver resection for recurrent HCC (second LR) were included. The short‐term outcomes were compared between the two groups. The survival rates between the two groups were compared after propensity‐score matching to adjust for the variables, including patient background, liver function, and tumor status.

Results

Major resection was frequently carried out in the LR after RFA group, but there was no significant difference both in operative data and complication rate between LR after RFA (n = 54) and second LR (n = 266) groups. After a median follow‐up period of 1.8 years (range, 0.2–10.5), the median overall survival was 4.4 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2 – not applicable) and 5.6 years (95% CI, 4.5–7.3; P = 0.023) in the LR after RFA group (n = 54) and second LR group (n = 54), respectively, and recurrence‐free survival was 1.3 years (0.4–2.2) and 1.2 years (0.5–1.8, P = 0.469), respectively. The only independent factor for overall survival of the LR after RFA group was local recurrence (hazard ratio, 2.73; 1.06–9.00).

Conclusions

Salvage liver resection of recurrent HCC after RFA could be recommended due to the safety of the procedure, especially in patients without local tumor progression after RFA.
Rethinking bibliotherapy: a neurorhetoric narratology model for addiction treatment
Authors: Cannon Peter
Published: November 2018

This study sought to revise the collection development policy for a bibliotherapy library used by the residents at a women's AOD treatment centre in Tampa, Florida (USA). The research was conducted by Peter Cannon as part of his PhD on rhetoric and reading therapies. The article summarises the key findings from a reading preference survey of the residents and a semi‐structured group interview of the mental health professionals at the centre. The results are used to support the development of a new bibliotherapy model that Peter has termed neurorhetoric narratology. Preliminary findings suggest this new model can offer the residents a new bibliotherapy track that employs less emotionally triggering texts that will be useful for treatment.
Characteristic of low‐salt solid‐state fermentation of Yunnan oil furu with Mucor racemosus: microbiological, biochemical, structural, textural and sensory properties
Authors: Wei Guanmian , Wang Keyu , Liu Yaowei , Regenstein Joe M. , Liu Xiaoming , Zhou Peng
Published: November 2018

The effect of reducing salt on the microflora, enzymatic activity and structural, textural and sensory properties of Yunnan oil furu was studied. Oil furu with different salt content, including 11 (control), 9%, 7% and 5%, were prepared. The results showed that lower salt increased fungus and lactic acid bacteria growth, yielding a tastier product. In addition, pathogenic bacterium such as Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella were not detected in Yunnan oil furu during low‐salt solid‐state fermentation, and the Escherichia coli was <3 MPN g−1. Enzymatic activity decreased slower in low‐salt fermented products, leading to more protein hydrolysis. Consequently, the free amino acids and free fatty acids increased significantly. Reduced salt also improved the structural, textural and sensory properties, such as giving a more consistent structure, better spreadability and a better sensory evaluation.
Effect of hydrogen peroxide on color and whiteness of resin‐based composites
Authors: Pecho Oscar E. , Martos Josué , Pinto Karoline V. A. , Pinto Karine V. A. , Baldissera Rudimar A.
Published: November 2018

Objective

To evaluate the influence of a 35% hydrogen peroxide gel on color and whiteness changes of resin‐based composites (RBC).

Materials and Methods

Discs (n = 10; shade A3.5 enamel; and 8 mm diameter and 2 mm thick) were fabricated from three RBC (DF‐ Durafill, Heraeus Kulzer; ED‐ IPS Empress Direct, Ivoclar Vivadent; and AP‐ Amelogen Plus, Ultradent Products). Three subgroups were obtained for each RBC: before bleaching (T0) and after first (T1) and second (T2) bleaching applications. A dental spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade, Vita Zahnfabrik) was used to obtain CIELAB color coordinates and whiteness index for dentistry (WID) in all periods. CIELAB () and CIEDE2000 (ΔE00) color differences were also obtained. Perceptibility (PT) and acceptability (AT) thresholds were used to analyze values of,ΔE00, andΔWID. Two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA; forL*,a*,b*, and WID) and one‐wayANOVAand Tukey tests (forandΔE00) were used to analyzed the results (α = 0.05).

Results

L* and WIDvalues from all RBC did not change after bleaching applications (T1andT2) (P > .05). There were no significant differences in color differences (andΔE00) among all RBC evaluated after bleaching applications (T1‐T0andT2‐T0;P > .05). Regardless of the RBC, mean values ofΔE00between all different periods were always below 50%:50% PT value.

Conclusions

The 35% hydrogen peroxide bleaching gel influences on color and whiteness of resin‐based composites. However, color changes were not clinically perceived and whiteness variations were clinically acceptable.

Clinical Significance

Patients should be advised that existing composite restorations might not match the natural tooth color after bleaching, and their replacement may be required.
Prevalence of early childhood caries among 5‐year‐old children: A systematic review
Authors: Chen Kitty J. , Gao Sherry S. , Duangthip Duangporn , Lo Edward C. M. , Chu Chun Hung
Published: November 2018

The aim of the present review was to describe the updated prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) among 5‐year‐old children globally. Two independent reviewers performed a systematic literature search to identify English publications from January 2013 to December 2017 using MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus. Search MeSH key words were “dental caries” and “child, preschool”. The inclusion criteria were epidemiological surveys reporting the caries status of 5‐year‐old children with the decayed, missing, and filled primary teeth (dmft) index. The quality of the publications was evaluated with the modified Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. Among the 2410 identified publications, 37 articles of moderate or good quality were included. Twenty of the included studies were conducted in Asia (China, India, Indonesia, Korea, Nepal, and Thailand), seven in Europe (Greece, Germany, Great Britain, and Italy), six in South America (Brazil), two in the Middle East (Saudi Arabia and Turkey), one in Oceania (Australia), and one in Africa (Sudan). The prevalence of ECC ranged from 23% to 90%, and most of them (26/37) were higher than 50%. The mean dmft score varied from 0.9 to 7.5. Based on the included studies published in the recent 5 years, there is a wide variation of ECC prevalence across countries, and ECC remains prevalent in most countries worldwide.
Public awareness of oral cancer among adults in Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Wimardhani Yuniardini S. , Warnakulasuriya Saman , Subita Gus P. , Soegyanto Anandina I. , Pradono Siti A. , Patoni Nurfianti
Published: November 2018

Aim

The aim of the present study was to investigate the awareness of oral cancer among adults in Jakarta, Indonesia, and explore the factors influencing it.

Methods

A previously‐tested questionnaire on 1000 adults in Jakarta was used in the present study. The data included sociodemographic factors and answers to assess the awareness of oral cancer, early signs and symptoms, risks factors, lifestyles, and history of dental visits.

Results

Only 53.2% of participants were aware of oral cancer. The level of awareness significantly differed by level of education, occupation, and experience of dental visits. Only 30% of patients had been asked about their tobacco and alcohol habits, and had been informed about the hazards of these by their dentists. All of the smokers knew that tobacco increased the risk for oral cancer. However, only a few participants considered alcohol, betel quid chewing, UV light exposure, poor diet, and genetics to play role in the development of oral cancer. Health warnings were the main source of information about oral cancer; the role of health professionals is still quite low and needs to be emphasized.

Conclusion

Oral cancer awareness is still low among adults in Jakarta; this finding was consistent with other studies conducted in Asia. Educational material suited to particular communities is warranted.
Recent Parental Death and Relationship Qualities Between Midlife Adults and Their Grown Children
Authors: Kim Yijung , Kim Kyungmin , Boerner Kathrin , Birditt Kira S. , Zarit Steven H. , Fingerman Karen L.
Published: November 2018

Objective

The death of a parent is considered a normative event in midlife, but little is known about how this loss could affect the relationship between bereaved middle‐aged adults and their grown children.

Background

Family systems theory postulates that the death of a family member can have a significant impact on the individual and other family members. The death of a parent is one of the most common types of loss in adulthood, which may signal a final transition into adulthood. The death of an older parent may lead to a reevaluation of one's own relationships with grown children.

Method

By using prospective data from the two waves of the Family Exchanges Study, the authors examined middle‐aged adults' experience of recent parental death and its impact on relationship qualities (i.e., negative, positive, ambivalent) with each of their grown children.

Results

When compared with the nonbereaved, bereaved participants who experienced the death of the last living parent reported increased positive relationship qualities with grown children. Among the bereaved participants, having more positive memories of the deceased parent was associated with decreased ambivalent relationship qualities with grown children.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that the death of an older parent is a significant turning point in the life course and highlights the role of positive reflection in the context of intergenerational ties.
Sheathing the Sword: Augustine and the Good Judge
Authors: Ogle Veronica Roberts
Published: November 2018

In this article, I offer a reading of City of God 19.6 that is consonant with Augustine’s message to real judges. Often read as a suggestion that torture and execution are judicially necessary, I argue that 19.6 actually calls such necessities into question, though this is not its primary purpose; first and foremost, 19.6 is an indictment of Stoicapatheia. Situating 19.6 within Augustine’s larger polemic against the Stoics, I find that it presents the Stoic judge as a man who lacks fellow feeling, and therefore, has only a parodic happiness, costly to himself and those judges. A new look at Augustine’s letters to judges confirms this reading, and shows that, for Augustine, the man ofhumanitasis the true model for the good judge, not the man ofapatheia.