bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The distribution of the common hamster (Cricetus cricetus) in western Ukraine
Authors: Korbut Zofia , Yu. Rusin Mikhail , Banaszek Agata
Published: February 2014

The aim of this study was to determine the current range of the common hamster (Cricetus cricetus) in western Ukraine by checking the points of occurrence known from literature, personal reports and museum collections. According to RUSIN et al. (2013) the common hamster was reported from 23 localities grouped in 12 areas in 7 oblasts of Western Ukraine. In total, we confirmed eight areas of hamster occurrence from RUSIN et al. (2013) and found one new locality. The highest densities of the common hamster occured around Hrymailiv, Ternopol oblast and Halych, Ivano- Frankovsk oblast. The areas located in the vicinity of Lutsk in Volyn oblast, Chernovtsy and between Sambir and Old Sambir in Lvov oblast represent medium density populations. Low and very low densities were found in areas close to Lvov and Kamieniec Podolski, and Khmelnitskiy oblast. In general, it can be stated that the Volyn Upland and Podolia are still inhabited by the common hamster. Moreover, habitat conditions that support the existence of the common hamster and possibilities of contact with hamster populations from neighboring countries are also discussed in this paper.
The common hamster as a synurbist: a history of settlement in european cities
Authors: Feoktistova Natalia Yu. , Surov Alexey V. , Tovpinetz Nikolay N. , Kropotkina M.V. , Bogomolov Pavel L. , Siutz Carina , Haberl Werner , Hoffmann Ilse E.
Published: February 2014

Following the expansion of agriculture in the Neolithic period, the common hamster has spread throughout Europe, and occurred abundantly until the recent past. However, in the last 45 years, populations declined markedly, partly attributable to urbanization and to major changes in agricultural practices. As a result, the species has been considered endangered at international levels as well as in most European countries. At the same time, the species has established populations in large Central and Eastern-European cities such as Vienna (Austria), Simferopol (Ukraine) and Nalchik (Russia), where it inhabits green spaces such as parks, gardens, embankments and buffer strips. In an attempt to reveal factors enabling hamsters to cope with urban environments, we reviewed historical data and habitat conditions of several urban hamster populations. We suggest that supplemental food resources and reduced predation pressure were the main factors promoting urban occurrence of common hamsters in the last 30 years. Its notable adaptability may be associated with higher stress resilience, ecological opportunism, polyphagy and higher fertility compared to species relying on non-urban habitats. The phenomenon of synurbization implies coexistence of wildlife and our urban civilization, but at the same time conflicting interests in conservation and urban development. Thus, the common hamster might serve as a model species for efficient mitigation and compensation concepts in urbanism and spatial planning.
Effect of Boronizing on the Deformation Behaviour of a H320LA Sheet Steel
Authors: Calik Adnan , Yakut Ali Kemal , Karakas Mustafa Serdar , Ucar Nazim
Published: February 2014

The effect of boronizing on commercial H320LA steel sheets of 1 mm and 2 mm thickness was evaluated. The boronizing treatments were carried out in a solid medium at 1173 K for 5 h using the powder pack method. The boride layers formed on the surface were characterized and microhardness measurements were conducted on the borides and the substrate. Mechanical properties and deformation behaviour were compared by bending, tensile, deep drawing, and ballistic tests. The ballistic behaviour was investigated impacting against lead alloy core projectiles of 358 ± 12 m/s velocity at normal impact angle. The microhardness of the boride layers was approximately 1225–1455 HV0.1. Bend tests revealed a sharp decrease in flexural strengths of the boronized specimens. Deep drawability was impaired, while ballistic properties of the plates were improved with boronizing treatment due to improved surface hardness.
Manufacturing Prototype Sheet Metal Parts with a Polymer Metal Carcass Die
Authors: Durgun İsmail , Altınel Serkan Ali , Aybaraz Erkan , Sakin Ali , Polat Erkan
Published: February 2014

Intense competitive environment and customers' changing demands and needs apply temporal and financial pressure to product development process. For this reason interest in design and innovation is inevitable. Reducing project duration also affects further applications as well as new tooling materials and methods become more important to catch up project schedule. Conventional methods of stamping process usually do not suit to prototype or low volume production in terms of project schedule and cost. In this study a polymer metal carcass die structure was introduced in order to stamp large sheet metal prototype parts. Dimensional conformance of prototype sheet metal parts was compared with actual production and as a result polymer metal carcass die method is an effective method for prototype sheet metal parts to meet the tolerance interval. Therefore, this method is cost effective and helps to meet the project schedule in time.
Optimization of Friction Welding Parameters of AISI 904L Super Austenitic Stainless Steel by Evolutionary Computational Techniques
Authors: Balamurugan Karupanan , Elies Jiju V , Sathiya Paul , Sait Abdullah Naveen
Published: February 2014

Friction welding is a type of solid state welding which plays an important role in joining metal surfaces with the help of frictional heat accompanied with high force. Optimization of process parameters of friction welding is important for all types of materials. Optimization of input parameters of friction welding also plays a very significant role in determining the quality of a weld joint. Purpose of this study is to optimize the welding process parameters in friction welding of AISI 904L super austenitic stainless steel by using regression analysis and evolutionary algorithms. This study is to determine optimimum welding process parameters of friction welding with the help of genetic algorithm (GA) and simulated annealing (SA). Also, it explains how to obtain near optimum welding conditions in a wide range by conducting a relatively small number of experiments. Results of these evolutionary computational techniques were compared with experimental results. Finally, an optimization parameter is obtained for a maximum fatigue life and a minimum welding time.
Lateral Buckling Analysis of Composite Cantilevers with Square Hole using the Finite Element Method
Authors: Pasinli Ahmet
Published: February 2014

The influences of hole dimension and position on the lateral buckling behaviour of woven fabric laminated composite cantilever beams having a square hole were investigated. Firstly, the theoretical, experimental and numerical characteristics of critical buckling loads of the beams without holes were investigated and compared with each other. It was shown that there is a good agreement among the theoretical, experimental and numerical results. The ANSYS finite element program was used for the numerical analyses. Furthermore, the numerical analyses of some models with various hole dimensions, different layer thicknesses, square shapes and fiber directions were performed by changing the distance between the hole. It is concluded for a square hole that the increase of the hole dimensions causes decrease of critical lateral buckling loads.
Investigation of Wood Materials by Combined Application of X-ray and Neutron Imaging Techniques*
Authors: Triolo Roberto , Giambona Graziella , Lo Celso Fabrizio , Ruffo Irene , Kardjilov Nikolay , Hilger André , Paulke Andreas , Manke Ingo
Published: February 2014

Conservation of cultural heritage is extremely important not only from a cultural point of view, but also from a practical one. It is our duty to pass on to future generations the cultural heritage left to us by our ancestors. Wood is one of the most common materials used to generate works of art which are in a state of constant change and/or deterioration. In order to optimize the knowledge of artworks together with their conservation, it is necessary to use the most advanced scientific and technological tools. In the following paper, we will show the tomographic results which can be achieved by application of complementary techniques based on the combined use of X-ray and neutron radiography as structural probes.
Approach to evaluation of the overall strengthening and toughening effect of continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites
Authors: Wu Shoujun , Cheng Laifei
Published: February 2014

Continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites (CFCCs) are considered to be very promising thermal structural materials due to their strength and toughness. An approach for describing the strength and toughness of CFCCs based on knowledge of the toughening and strengthening mechanisms of CFCCs and analyses of the related energies during loading of CFCCs is proposed in the present work. Comparative analyses were undertaken on the mechanical properties of different CFCCs and the results of the proposed approach. Results showed that the proposed approach could be adopted simply and conveniently to evaluate the overall strengthening and toughening effect of CFCCs.
Efficiency and work performance of TiNi alloy undergoing B2 ↔ R martensitic transformation
Authors: Resnina Natalia , Belyaev Sergey , Anshukova Ksenia , Zhuravlev Roman
Published: February 2014

This study is devoted to the investigation of the ability of Ti48Ni52 alloys for production of effective work during thermal cycling over a narrow temperature range. Effective work output and efficiency were studied in Ti48Ni52 alloy subjected to thermal cycling through the temperature range of the B2 ↔ R martensitic transformation under different stress regimes. The optimal stress regimes for production of effective work output and maximum efficiency were found. The data obtained have shown that under optimal stress conditions (cooling of the sample under a stress of 100 MPa and heating under a stress of 400 MPa), one may develop a device with effective work being equal to 1.5 MJ m−3 and an efficiency of 2.5 %. During repeated thermal cycling under the optimal stress regime the alloy accumulated 8 % irreversible strain per 30 cycles. Starting from the 20th cycle the rate of irreversible strain accumulation was equal to ∼ 0.06 % per cycle.
Gatherings of Mobility and Immobility
Authors: Arora Saurabh
Published: February 2014

In retelling the history of “criminal tribe” settlements managed by the Salvation Army in Madras Presidency (colonial India) from 1911, I argue that neither the mobility–immobility relationship nor the compositional heterogeneity of (im)mobility practices can be adequately captured by relational dialecticism espoused by leading mobilities scholars. Rather than emerging as an opposition through dialectics, the relationship between (relative) mobility and containment may be characterized by overlapping hybridity and difference. This differential hybridity becomes apparent in two ways if mobility and containment are viewed as immanent gatherings of humans and nonhumans. First, the same entities may participate in gatherings of mobility and of containment, while producing different effects in each gathering. Here, nonhumans enter a gathering, and constitute (im)mobility practices, as actors that make history irreducibly differently from other actors that they may be entangled with. Second, modern technologies and amodern “institutions” may be indiscriminately drawn together in all gatherings.
Learning from a Contested Project in the Netherlands
Authors: van de Riet Odette , Toussaint Bert
Published: February 2014

The Amelisweerd case, a highly debated highway network expansion project from the late 1970s, has been widely portrayed as a symbolic mismatch between government and entrenched stakeholder opposition. The aim of this article is to learn from the case by unraveling the policy process using a multiactor policy analysis model. The result is that the policy process scores poorly on all the three applied criteria, and this has had a discernible negative effect on the level of stakeholder support for the policy proposals. Since then, major changes have taken place in the planning processes of infrastructural projects in the Netherlands. However, the potential for learning from Amelisweerd is much wider, as since the 1960s public projects are increasingly subject to public scrutiny and comment. Careful analysis from iconic cases like Amelisweerd can help current infrastructural policymakers and planning project managers as they develop fresh policies and projects.
Predictors of functional recovery in adults with posterior fossa ependymomas
Authors: Mirzadeh Zaman , Bina Robert , Kusne Yael , Coons Stephen W. , Spetzler Robert F. , Sanai Nader
Published: February 2014

Object

After complete resection and radiation therapy, the 10-year overall survival rates for adult patients with posterior fossa ependymomas approach 85%. This favorable outcome profile emphasizes the critical importance of functional preservation to this patient population. Here, the authors identify predictors of functional outcome following microsurgical resection of adult posterior fossa ependymomas.

Methods

The authors identified adult patients with newly diagnosed WHO Grade II posterior fossa ependymomas who underwent microsurgical resection at the Barrow Neurological Institute from 1990 to 2011. Clinical and radiographic variables were collected, including volumetric extent of resection, foramen of Luschka extension, cystic changes, peritumoral T2 signal changes, Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).

Results

Forty-five patients were identified, with a median clinical follow-up of 103 months. The median PFS and OS were 6.8 and 8.6 years, respectively. Extent of resection and adjuvant radiotherapy were predictive of improved PFS (p = 0.005) and were nonsignificantly associated with improved OS. Univariate analysis revealed that tumor size (p < 0.001), cystic changes (p < 0.01), postoperative T2 signal (p < 0.01), and CSF diversion (p = 0.048) predicted functional and neurological recovery rates, based on KPS and NIHSS scores, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis identified tumor size (p < 0.001), cystic changes (p = 0.01), and CSF diversion (p = 0.02) as independent predictors of slower functional recovery, while only tumor size (p = 0.007) was an independent predictor of neurological recovery. Specifically, by 6 weeks postoperatively, baseline KPS score was recovered by only 43.8% of patients with tumors larger than 30 cm3 (vs 72.4% patients with tumors < 30 cm3), 35.3% of patients with cystic tumors (vs 78.6% of patients with noncystic tumors), and 46.7% of patients requiring CSF diversion (vs 70% of patients not requiring CSF diversion).

Conclusions

Greater extent of resection and adjuvant radiotherapy significantly improve PFS in adult patients with posterior fossa ependymomas. Tumor size, cystic changes, and the need for CSF diversion were independent predictors of the rate of functional recovery in this patient population. Taken together, these functional outcome predictors may guide preoperative estimations of recovery following microsurgical resection.
Stand der Nachhaltigkeitsdiskussion – Denkmodelle der Nachhaltigkeit
Authors: Wachter Daniel
Published: February 2014

State of the debate on sustainability: concepts and models

After the UN Conference on Environment and Development (Rio de Janeiro, 1992), there emerged a common understanding of sustainable development, based on the work of the World Commission on Environment and Development (1987), the Rio declarations and Agenda 21. In recent years, however, trends have appeared which are moving away from this consensus. With the economic crisis of 2008, hopes for an economic recovery through “green economy” or “green growth” as motors for management of the crisis have gained importance. These concepts focus strongly on economic growth through green technologies and innovation. They offer valuable impulses, but contain in themselves the danger to downgrade the concept of sustainable development and its underlying principles if planetary limits to growth and global distribution issues are neglected, or if institutions and political processes created for the governance of sustainability are weakened by the creation of parallel green economy institutions. For forestry and forest economy, this debate can be seen, pragmatically, as an opportunity if it helps to bring the economic dimension of the forest into the limelight and gives value to the ecosystem functions and services, without losing sight of the broader understanding of sustainable development.
La consommation de bois est-elle durable sur le long terme?
Authors: Prins Kit
Published: February 2014

Is consumption of forest products sustainable over the long term?

The article presents trends and an outlook for the forest sector, for Europe and Switzerland, from 1913 to 2030. The first half of the twentieth century saw over-use of European forests, but in the second half, the situation changed: consumption of forest products increased, while forests expanded, growing stock rose and Europe became a net exporter of timber. Official scenarios foresee a continuation of these trends in the twenty-first century. Yet, to this end, the forest sector must stay competitive. For example, mobilising enough energy wood, on a sustainable basis, is a major challenge for the sector. The forest sector has demonstrated in the past its flexibility and adaptability, and so could be well placed to lead the way towards the green economy.
A novel polystyrene-supported titanium dioxide photocatalyst for degradation of methyl orange and methylene blue dyes under UV irradiation
Authors: Singh Seema , Chaki Aniket , Chand Devesh Pratap , Raghuwanshi Avinash , Singh Pramod Kumar , Mahalingham Hari
Published: February 2014

The commercialization of titanium dioxide-based heterogeneous photocatalysis continues to suffer from various limitations, the major shortcoming being the costly and time consuming post-treatment separation of very fine titanium dioxide particles. In order to eliminate this major hindrance, immobilization of titanium dioxide particles on various substrates continues to be an active area of research. In this work, polystyrene-supported titanium dioxide photocatalyst was prepared using a facile method. The photocatalytic activity of the developed photocatalysts was investigated by photodegradation of aqueous solutions of methylene blue andmethyl orange dyes under UV light for 24 h under non-stirred conditions. The recovery and reuse of the prepared photocatalysts was also investigated. The maximum percentage degradation of methyl orange and methylene blue dyes by the developed photocatalysts was found to be around 60 % and 66 % respectively. The ease of separation after use in addition to a facile, low cost-based method of fabrication and appreciable photocatalytic activity of the developed photocatalyst makes it a promising candidate to be explored further for large scale applications.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v28i1.18103 Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 28, No. 1, December 2013: 9-13
Aphanamixis Polystachya: A Potential Non-Edible Source of Biodiesel in Bangladesh
Authors: Ferdous Kaniz , Deb Anjan , Ferdous Jannatul , Uddin M Rakib , Khan Maksudur R , Islam MA
Published: February 2014

This paper represents an attempt that was made to prepare Biodiesel from a non-edible source, Aphanamixis Polystachya (Pitraj). Oil was extracted from the seed by mechanical press method. Various properties of raw oil such as viscosity, Free Fatty Acid (FFA) content, specific gravity, saponofication value etc. were measured by standard methods. FFA content of raw oil was found higher, so the acid catalysed two step method, acid catalysed esterification followed by base catalysed transesterification, was studied. Various reaction parameters such as oil to methanol ratio, catalyst wt%, reaction time and temperature were optimized for both esterification and transesterification reaction. 1H NMR of prepared biodiesel and raw oil was studied which confirms the conversion of oil to biodiesel. Finally, the various properties of produced Biodiesel, such as viscosity, FFA, specific gravity, iodine value, cetane index, calorific value etc. were measured and compared with biodiesel and petro-diesel standards. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v28i1.18111 Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 28, No. 1, December 2013: 45-49
In Vitro High Throughput Screening, What Next? Lessons from the Screening for Aurora Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Hoang Thi-My-Nhung , Vu Hong-Lien , Le Ly-Thuy-Tram , Nguyen Chi-Hung , Molla Annie
Published: February 2014

Based on in vitro assays, we performed a High Throughput Screening (HTS) to identify kinase inhibitors among 10,000 small chemical compounds. In this didactic paper, we describe step-by-step the approach to validate the hits as well as the major pitfalls encountered in the development of active molecules. We propose a decision tree that could be adapted to most in vitro HTS.
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Biology in 2013
Authors: Biology Editorial Office
Published: February 2014

The editors of Biology would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2013. [...]
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Biosensors in 2013
Authors: Biosensors Editorial Office
Published: February 2014

The editors of Biosensors would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2013. [...]
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Cancers in 2013
Authors: Cancers Editorial Office
Published: February 2014

The editors of Cancers would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2013. [...]
Development of Next Generation Stevia Sweetener: Rebaudioside M
Authors: Prakash Indra , Markosyan Avetik , Bunders Cynthia
Published: February 2014

This work aims to review and showcase the unique properties of rebaudioside M as a natural non-caloric potential sweetener in food and beverage products. To determine the potential of rebaudioside M, isolated from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, as a high potency sweetener, we examined it with the Beidler Model. This model estimated that rebaudioside M is 200–350 times more potent than sucrose. Numerous sensory evaluations of rebaudioside M’s taste attributes illustrated that this steviol glycoside possesses a clean, sweet taste with a slightly bitter or licorice aftertaste. The major reaction pathways in aqueous solutions (pH 2–8) for rebaudioside M are similar to rebaudioside A. Herein we demonstrate that rebaudioside M could be of great interest to the global food industry because it is well-suited for blending and is functional in a wide variety of food and beverage products.
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Humanities in 2013
Authors: Humanities Editorial Office
Published: February 2014

The editors of Humanities would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2013. [...]
Anthelmintic Activities of Aporphine from Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. cv. Rosa-plena against Hymenolepis nana
Authors: Lin Rong-Jyh , Wu Mei-Hsuan , Ma Yi-Hsuan , Chung Li-Yu , Chen Chung-Yi , Yen Chuan-Min
Published: February 2014

Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. cv. Rosa-plena (Nelumbonaceae), commonly known as lotus, is a perennial aquatic plant grown and consumed throughout Asia. All parts of N. nucifera have been used for various medicinal purposes in oriental medicine. From the leaves of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. cv. Rosa-plena (an aquatic plant), liriodenine (1), lysicamine (2), (-)-anonaine (3), (-)-asimilobine (4), (-)-caaverine (5), (-)-N-methylasimilobine (6), (-)-nuciferine (7), (-)-nornuciferine (8), (-)-roemerine (9), 7-hydroxydehydronuciferine (10) and cepharadione B (11) were isolated and identification and anthelmintic activities of aporphine was evaluated against Anisakis simplex and Hymenolepis nana. This study found that the above constituents killed H. nana or reduced their spontaneous movements (oscillation/peristalsis). However, the above constituents at various concentrations demonstrated no larvicidal effect or ability to halt spontaneous parasite movement for 72 h against A. simplex, respectively. In addition, according to an assay of cestocidal activity against H. nana and nematocidal activity against A. simplex, we found that the above compounds showed greater lethal efficacy on H. nana than against A. simplex. Further investigation showed that these above constituents have effects against peroxyl radicals under cestocidal effect. Together, these findings suggest that these constituents of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. cv. Rosa-plena might be used as anthelmintic agents against H. nana.
Two-Layer Error Control Codes Combining Rectangular and Hamming Product Codes for Cache Error
Authors: Zhang Meilin , Ampadu Paul
Published: February 2014

We propose a novel two-layer error control code, combining error detection capability of rectangular codes and error correction capability of Hamming product codes in an efficient way, in order to increase cache error resilience for many core systems, while maintaining low power, area and latency overhead. Based on the fact of low latency and overhead of rectangular codes and high error control capability of Hamming product codes, two-layer error control codes employ simple rectangular codes for each cache line to detect cache errors, while loading the extra Hamming product code checks bits in the case of error detection; thus enabling reliable large-scale cache operations. Analysis and experiments are conducted to evaluate the cache fault-tolerant capability of various existing solutions and the proposed approach. The results show that the proposed approach can significantly increase Mean-Error-To-Failure (METF) and Mean-Time-To-failure (MTTF) up to 2.8×, reduce storage overhead by over 57%, and increase instruction per-cycle (IPC) up to 7%, compared to complex four-way 4EC5ED; and it increases METF and MTTF up to 133×, reduces storage overhead by over 11%, and achieves a similar IPC compared to simple eight-way single-error correcting double-error detecting (SECDED). The cost of the proposed approach is no more than 4% external memory access overhead.
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Laws in 2013
Authors: Laws Editorial Office
Published: February 2014

The editors of Laws would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2013. [...]
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Life in 2013
Authors: Life Editorial Office
Published: February 2014

The editors of Life would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2013. [...]
Effect of Thermal History on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Prepared by Friction Stir Processing
Authors: Chai Fang , Zhang Datong , Li Yuanyuan
Published: February 2014

Hot-rolled AZ31 (Mg-2.57Al-0.84Zn-0.32Mn, in mass percentage) magnesium alloy is subjected to friction stir processing in air (normal friction stir processing, NFSP) and under water (submerged friction stir processing, SFSP). Thermal history of the two FSP procedures is measured, and its effect on microstructures and mechanical properties of the experimental materials is investigated. Compared with NFSP, the peak temperature during SFSP is lower and the duration time at a high temperature is shorter due to the enhanced cooling effect of water. Consequently, SFSP results in further grain refinement, and the average grain size of the NFSP and SFSP specimens in the stir zone (SZ) are 2.9 μm and 1.3 μm, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examinations confirm that grain refinement is attributed to continuous dynamic recrystallization both for NFSP and SFSP. The average Vickers hardness in the SZ of the NFSP and SFSP AZ31 magnesium alloy are 76 HV and 87 HV. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength and the elongation of the SFSP specimen increase from 191 MPa and 31.3% in the NFSP specimen to 210 MPa and 50.5%, respectively. Both the NFSP and SFSP alloys fail through ductile fracture, but the dimples are much more obvious in the SFSP alloy.
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Microarrays in 2013
Authors: Microarrays Editorial Office
Published: February 2014

The editors of Microarrays would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2013 [...]
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Minerals in 2013
Authors: Minerals Editorial Office
Published: February 2014

The editors of Minerals would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2013. [...]
Polyolefin Backbone Substitution in Binders for Low Temperature Powder Injection Moulding Feedstocks
Authors: Hausnerova Berenika , Kuritka Ivo , Bleyan Davit
Published: February 2014

This paper reports the substitution of polyolefin backbone binder components with low melting temperature carnauba wax for powder injection moulding applications. The effect of various binder compositions of Al2O3 feedstock on thermal degradation parameters is investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. Within the experimental framework 29 original feedstock compositions were prepared and the superiority of carnauba wax over the polyethylene binder backbone was demonstrated in compositions containing polyethylene glycol as the initial opening agent and governing the proper mechanism of the degradation process. Moreover, the replacement of synthetic polymer by the natural wax contributes to an increase of environmental sustainability of modern industrial technologies.
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Pharmaceuticals in 2013
Authors: Pharmaceuticals Editorial Office
Published: February 2014

The editors of Pharmaceuticals would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2013. [...]
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Proteomes in 2013
Authors: Proteomes Editorial Office
Published: February 2014

The editors of Proteomes would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2013. [...]
A Multirate Control Strategy to the Slow Sensors Problem: An Interactive Simulation Tool for Controller Assisted Design
Authors: Salt Julián , Cuenca Ángel , Palau Francisco , Dormido Sebastián
Published: February 2014

In many control applications, the sensor technology used for the measurement of the variable to be controlled is not able to maintain a restricted sampling period. In this context, the assumption of regular and uniform sampling pattern is questionable. Moreover, if the control action updating can be faster than the output measurement frequency in order to fulfill the proposed closed loop behavior, the solution is usually a multirate controller. There are some known aspects to be careful of when a multirate system (MR) is going to be designed. The proper multiplicity between input-output sampling periods, the proper controller structure, the existence of ripples and others issues need to be considered. A useful way to save time and achieve good results is to have an assisted computer design tool. An interactive simulation tool to deal with MR seems to be the right solution. In this paper this kind of simulation application is presented. It allows an easy understanding of the performance degrading or improvement when changing the multirate sampling pattern parameters. The tool was developed using Sysquake, a Matlab-like language with fast execution and powerful graphic facilities. It can be delivered as an executable. In the paper a detailed explanation of MR treatment is also included and the design of four different MR controllers with flexible structure to be adapted to different schemes will also be presented. The Smith’s predictor in these MR schemes is also explained, justified and used when time delays appear. Finally some interesting observations achieved using this interactive tool are included.
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Social Sciences in 2013
Authors: Social Sciences Editorial Office
Published: February 2014

The editors of Social Sciences would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2013. [...]
A Comparison of Energy Transition Governance in Germany, The Netherlands and the United Kingdom
Authors: Laes Erik , Gorissen Leen , Nevens Frank
Published: February 2014

This paper reviews and analyzes the challenges of energy transition governance towards a low-carbon society as a political achievement. The main research question is how specific “transition governance approaches” (as advocated by transition theory) can be embedded/anchored in the policy-making logics and practices. We analyze three country cases, known for their path-breaking efforts in the area: Germany (due to its pioneering role in the development and diffusion of renewable energy technologies), the Netherlands (due to its pioneering role in launching the transition management framework), and the United Kingdom (due to its pioneering role in adopting a long-term legislative commitment to a low-carbon future). The paper identifies best governance practices and remaining challenges in the following areas: (i) connecting long-term visions with short- and mid-term action; (ii) innovation (technological as well as social); (iii) integration (of multiple objectives and policy areas and levels); (iv) societal engagement; and (v) learning/reflexivity.
Un petit trésor de Lynkos et Thucydide 4.124
Authors: Psōmá Selī́nī
Published: February 2014

Cet article associe la présence, très au nord de la frontière du royaume de Macédoine, de trésors contenant des tétroboles de poids lourd de Perdikkas II, des Chalcidiens de Thrace et d'Acanthe avec la seconde campagne de Brasidas et de ses alliés contre Arrhabée de Lynkos.
Émission monétaire et administration dans le royaume d'Italie. À propos des analyses des deniers carolingiens du Cabinet des Médailles
Authors: Rovelli Alessia
Published: February 2014

Recent research carried on into Carolingian Italy tend to conclude that royal power was fairly successful in running public administration and ensuring military defence of the Lombard Kingdom, after its conquest by the Franks. From a monetary point of view, the reforms introduced by Charles the Great to bring Italy progressively into the Frankish system were equally successful. This success has been further emphasized by new analyses on the intrinsic value of the Italian issues. The situation appears different when we focus on the mints. Their very limited number is an anomaly which we are attempting to understand.
Guise et son atelier monétaire
Authors: Lemaire Dominique
Published: February 2014

Après plusieurs correspondances manuscrites sur le monnayage royal au nom de Charles VI dans les Bulletins de la SFN, l'auteur poursuit ses recherches sur la Monnaie de Guise, facilitées par l'ouverture des médailliers privés et complétées par des trouvailles récentes venant ainsi corroborer ses hypothèses. Si l'atelier de Guise a existé une dizaine d'années environ (1419-1424 et 1441-1444) - atelier rare et peu développé dans les études numismatiques - il reste néanmoins l'un des plus mystérieux voire énigmatique du règne de Charles VII, Dauphin puis roi de France, autorisant d'en dire davantage sur ses modestes productions et sur l'histoire de ses fabrications rattachée à la guerre de Cent-Ans.
Monedas de vellon circulantes en Castilla durante el reinado de Carlos II (1665-1700)
Authors: Santiago Fernández Javier de
Published: February 2014

Cet article s'attache à cerner de la façon la plus précise les caractéristiques intrinsèques, et en particulier le poids et le titre des monnaies de billon circulant en Castille pendant le règne de Charles II (1665-1700). Ce numéraire restait un objet de controverse pour plusieurs raisons. Celui qui restait en circulation depuis l'époque de Philippe IV est difficile à analyser à cause de la falsification intense à laquelle il fut soumis sous la forme de monnaies dépourvues de la part d'argent officiellement prescrite mais de poids similaire à celui des monnaies officielles. En ce qui concerne la monnaie fabriquée à partir de 1680 un débat est apparu à propos de la marge entre le prix du métal et les frais de fabrication et, d'autre part,la valeur nominale des monnaies à l'émission, certains auteurs supposant qu'une diminution du poids fut secrètement autorisée par la Couronne. Les sources utilisées pour cette recherche sont principalement les archives des hôtels des monnaies castillans qui, sous Charles II, prirent une part active au processus de retrait des monnaies de Philippe IV en en tenant une comptabilité minutieuse. Logiquement, ils ont aussi laissé un témoignage sur la fabrication des monnaies de Charles II. L'utilisation de cette documentation pour ce type de recherche métrologique constitue une remarquable innovation.

Les résultats ont été pleinement satisfaisants puisqu'on présente dans ce travail les données concrètes sur le poids des différentes espèces concernées. Cela vaut d'un côté pour les monnaies officielles de Philippe IV mais aussi pour les monnaies fausses, malgré tous les problèmes soulevés, entre autres, par la difficulté qu'il y a à différencier monnaies fausses et monnaies légales. Cela vaut aussi pour les émissions de billon de Charles II pour lesquelles l'analyse a permis de rejeter l'hypothèse qui supposait une réduction du poids.
Monnaies mérinides et zayyânides au Cabinet des Monnaies, Médailles et Antiques de la BnF.
Authors: El Hadri Mohamed
Published: February 2014

Cet article présente le catalogue des nouvelles acquisitions des monnaies mérinides et zayyanides du Cabinet des Monnaies, Médailles et Antiques de la BnF (un lot de 89 pièces). Pour le catalogage des séries mérinides, nous avons suivi le nouveau classement des monnaies que nous avons proposé dans notre récent travail de thèse. Le catalogue est également précédé d'un aperçu historique sur les monnayages mérinide et zayyânide et d'une description détaillée des principaux inédits des deux séries monétaires.
An Unpublished Lead Seal of Tiberios II Constantine (578-582)
Authors: Morrisson Cécile , Nesbitt John W.
Published: February 2014

We present here an unpublished lead seal of Tiberios II (578-82) with the consular bust of Tiberios on the obverse and a cross potent on the reverse. This provides an opportunity to compare known types of seals of this emperor with his coin types and to review the importance of this reign in the abandonment of the last remaining imagery of the Roman pagan tradition (Victory on globe, Victory advancing or emperor in military garb) in favour of purely Christian types (cross on all gold coins and certain seals, Virgin on later seals).
Liaisons de coins et or gaulois
Authors: Aubin Gérard , Nieto Sylvia
Published: February 2014

Les analyses métalliques de monnaies liées entre elles participent à la reconstitution des émissions et à leur caractérisation. Alors que l’homogénéité des résultats conforte l’idée d’une émission bien normée, des écarts dans la composition de l’alliage peuvent donner lieu à plusieurs interprétations. Cet article examine six dossiers de résultats concernant l’or gaulois et formule des interrogations relatives à la précision des analyses et à la qualité de fabrication. Il souligne combien la durée d’une émission est un facteur important dans une éventuelle variation de composition de l’alliage. Il s’interroge ensuite sur la notion de tolérance et sur le contrôle.
Les émissions d’as au type Divvs Avgvstvs Pater frappées sous Tibère : l’apport des analyses à leur datation et à leur interprétation
Authors: Barrandon Jean-Noël , Suspène Arnaud , Gaffiero Arwen
Published: February 2014

Des as et des dupondii de Tibère ont été soumis à une analyse par activation avec des neutrons rapides de cyclotron. Des similitudes de composition élémentaire apparaissent entre les émissions datées et les émissions non datées. Les nouveaux résultats incitent notamment à dater l’apparition des as au type de l’autel de Providentia du tout début du principat de Tibère, ce qui souligne l’importance de l’année 15 et de l’autel de Providentia dans la consolidation du régime mis en place par Auguste.
Platine et plomb dans les monnaies d’or mérovingiennes : nouvelles perspectives analytiques
Authors: Blet-Lemarquand Maryse , Bompaire Marc , Morrisson Cécile
Published: February 2014

The debasement of Merovingian gold coins is well known. Specific gravity measurements realized by Oddy et al. allow to follow the decrease in fineness with some reliability. But the process of this debasement itself had not been researched before J.-N. Barrandon undertook proton activation analyses on royal gold coins from Marseille and Arles in the BnF. We are publishing them here and add comments dedicated to his memory. A few supplementary data obtained through LA-ICP-MS are added. The lead/ silver curve shows that silver was added to the alloy quite early. The platinum traces are intermediate between the higher values measured on the contemporaneous Byzantine coins in Constantinople and Carthage and the lower values of the Visigothic coins. Their increase in the first half of the seventh century could be related with an input of Byzantine gold.
Le trésor de Preuschdorf (Bas-Rhin) XVIIe siècle. Premiers résultats d’une étude pluridisciplinaire
Authors: Beck Lucile , Alloin Élise , Klein Ulrich , Borel Thierry , Berthier Claire , Michelin Anne
Published: February 2014

of a specific cleaning procedure preserving the silvered layer of the counterfeit coins. The analyses were adapted to the study of the official and counterfeit coinages. For the official coinage, the fineness was found to be between 12 and 40 % according to the mint place. These results are in agreement with the official values mentioned in the literature. For the counterfeit coins, the analyses were able to bring to light three different elaboration processes : amalgam with two various contents of mercury and leaf or electrochemical coating.
ΚΟΣΩΝ Gold Staters and Silver Drachmae - A Die Study
Authors: Hourmouziadis Jean
Published: February 2014

The coinage in the name of ΚΟΣΩΝ includes gold staters and silver drachmae with the same iconography. A die study shows that three obverse and ten reverse dies in three separate groups were used for the staters. The drachmae were struck with an identical pair of dies from one of these groups.
La monetazione di Ariminum
Authors: Gorini Giovanni
Published: February 2014

Après plusieurs travaux sur le monnayage de l’atelier de Ariminum, on a déterminé la chronologie des émissions après la déduction coloniale de Rome avec une phase de monnaies coulées (264 c.-241 av. J.-C.) et une phase de monnaie frappée de réduction 'quadrunciale' (241-217 av. J.-C.) suivi d’une réduction 'terunciale' (217-210 av. J.-C.) suivant le phénomène de la dévaluation de la monnaie romaine républicaine. Cette chronologie repose sur la métrologie aussi que sur la documentation archéologique et des trouvailles monétaires associées avec des monnaies romaines et de Ariminum. L’étude iconographique du droit avec •tête de Gaulois’ l’a déterminé comme la tête d’une divinité gallo-romaine locale (Arimnus ?). En appendice se trouve un catalogue des exemplaires connus.
À propos d’un médaillon inédit de l’usurpateur Julien (284- 285 AD) : son règne et son monnayage
Authors: Estiot Sylviane
Published: February 2014

Le réexamen d’un médaillon de bronze à l’effigie de l’usurpateur Julien, dit de Pannonie (284-285 AD), conservé parmi les faux et les monnaies douteuses au Cabinet des Médailles, Bibliothèque nationale de France, permet de conclure à son authenticité. C’est ainsi la seule preuve que Julien émit des médaillons, à côté de monnaies d’or et d’aureliani de billon radié. Le médaillon inédit offre l’occasion de reprendre le dossier de ce court règne, examiner les dates, noms et charges de l’usurpateur à travers les sources antiques et offrir un corpus de la frappe monétaire à son nom.
The coins in the Abacus treatise by Tommaso della Gazzaia
Authors: Franci Raffaella
Published: February 2014

Le Traité d’abaque écrit dans le premier quart du XVe siècle par Tommaso della Gazzaia, marchand et banquier siennois, est très intéressant pour l’histoire de la numismatique au Moyen Âge. Le texte prête beaucoup d’attention aux problèmes liés au commerce concernant le prix des monnaies et la composition des alliages avec l’or et l’argent employés. Il donne trois listes de monnaies de l’époque, dont la transcription est donnée.
Un exemple de livre de changeur français du XVe siècle, le manuscrit Bibl. nat. de Fr., Nouv. Acq. Fr. 471
Authors: Bompaire Marc
Published: February 2014

This paper recalls the characteristics of the French money-changers books. They differed from the merchandise manuals and from the mathematical treatises. They were destined as much to monetary and financial officers as to money-changers themselves, hence their focus on monetary matters, on the routine of counter practice and their mainly administrative orientation. The article includes a short introduction to the BnF manuscript Nouv. Acq. Fr. 471.
Three Castilian Manuscripts on Mercantile Arithmetic: Their Problems of Alloys
Authors: Caunedo del Potro Betsabé
Published: February 2014

Le propos de cet article est d’attirer l’attention sur trois manuscrit castillans d’arithmétique marchande du XIVe siècle. Le premier, qui est aussi le plus général et le plus complet, intitulé Libro de Arismética est conservé à la collégiale royale Saint Isidore de León (Ms. 46). Sa date en fait le plus ancien traité d’arithmétique marchande écrit en castillan et permet de déplacer d’un siècle la date admise pour les traités d’arithmétique marchande dans la péninsule ibérique. Il contient une série de 192 problèmes dont 23 (12 %) sont relatifs aux alliages. Le second, intitiulé De Arismetica, est conservé à l’Académie royale d’Espagne (Ms. 155) fait partie d’un recueil intitulé Escritos Diversos. Il nous paraît incomplet, bien qu’il forme un tout cohérent et intelligible en l’état. Il y manque certains aspects et il commence son exposé sur les fractions directement par une série de problèmes dont 2 (4 %) sont relatifs aux alliages. Un troisième manuscrit, conservé à la Bibliotèque nationale de Madrid (Raros, Ms. 1016) est incomplet et contient 76 problèmes dont 13 (16 %) concernent les alliages
Le statut de la monnaie dans les arithmétiques marchandes de la fin du Moyen Âge : l’exemple de la France
Authors: Lamassé Stéphane , Charrier-Spiesser Maryvonne
Published: February 2014

The first purpose of the books of commercial arithmetics which were produced in France during the 15th Century is to train to mathematics devoted to commerce. In this purpose, money is an essential matter, and these treatises give us valuable information about currency and, through the exercises, about the merchant life and customs of that time. But the real subject being to teach practical mathematics, we intend to discuss in this paper what use of money is made by the authors, and how mathematical priorities can affect the reality of commercial exchanges.