bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Various Feed Additives on Carcass and Meat Quality of Two Different Strains of Chickens
Authors: Tugiyanti E , Susanti E
Published: June 2022

Assorted feed additives for broiler chickens, including prohibited antibiotics, are widely sold in the market. The objective of incorporating supplement in feed is to improve broilers’ performance and meat quality. This study conducted an experiment to 60 DOC broilers from each Cobb and Lohmann strains. The experiment was conducted in a 2x4 factorial CRD. The treatments were feed additives, i.e. antibiotics, probiotics, acidifiers and phytobiotics. Each treatment was repeated 3 times. The measured variables were carcass and non-carcass percentage as well as physical quality of broiler meat. Analysis of variance showed that feed additives did not significantly affect (P>0.05) carcass and non-carcass percentage and meat physical quality of the two broiler strains. Conclusively, probiotics, acidifiers and phytobiotics are the potential alternatives as a substitute for antibiotics for Cobb and Lohmann broiler chickens as reflected from the carcass percentage and meat quality.
Improving genetic quality of local livestock for achieving food security
Authors: Kurnianto E
Published: June 2022

Indonesia has local livestock breeds, both ruminant and non-ruminant. The existence and preservation of those animals is very important. The government, the concerned parties and farmers of community member are required to be responsible for maintaining the productivity of livestock. The quality genetic could be improved by applying breeding and selection. There are three efforts can be used to improve the livestock population and productivity, those are artificial insemination, embryo transfer, and separation technology of spermatozoa X and Y. The objective to be achieved is to help meet the need of food, especially animal protein, of the domestic community, in addition to the welfare of the community.
Factor and perception analysis of the impact of boat parking on river pollution
Authors: Rahman B , Aryanto M S
Published: June 2022

This paper examines factors affecting river pollution from boat parking activities and the community perception of these factors. Uses a quantitative methodology, utilizes questionnaires from people active in the Silugonggo River, using technical factor analysis to find factors that influence river pollution, followed by perception analysis techniques to analyze the community’s social view of river pollution from boat parking. The results showed that the number of a boat parked, and the length of parking were factors affecting river pollution. The results of community perceptions also confirm these results, by giving a negative view of social environmental conditions on these two factors.
Biological Nitrogen Removal by A Membrane-Aerated Biofilm Reactor: An Attempt to Treat Urine Wastewater with High Sustainability
Authors: Zhan Chengbo , Zhang Liangchang , Ai Weidang , Dong Wenyi
Published: June 2022

Human urine contains the majority of nutrients in domestic wastewater, therefore treatment of source-separated urine by sustainable methods would become a low-cost and eco-friendly alternative to conventional urban wastewater treatment system. In this work, a waste stream composed of real urine and hygiene wastewater was prepared, which had characteristic of high nitrogen content and low available C/N ratio. Membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) is an emerging technology utilizing microporous or nonporous aeration membranes as the substrate for biofilm attachment, and this configuration could promote the growth of autotrophic nitrifying bacteria and the efficiency of nitrogen removal process. The waste stream was treated with a home-made MABR system to remove the organic carbon and nitrogen pollutants. Over a four-month operation period with the incoming waste stream concentration progressively elevated, the system achieved 90-95% removal of TOC, 50-73% oxidation of ammonium-nitrogen, and 24-63% removal of total nitrogen from the influent, without external carbon source input. The results indicated that MABR has the potential for urine wastewater treatment with low consumption in energy and materials.
A Scalable and Reconfigurable Machine Learning and Deployment Platform for Power Plant
Authors: Zhu Chen , Renbo Xu , Xu Han , Jian Wang
Published: June 2022

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things(IoT) and industrial automation systems, the data accumulated by the industry is exponentially increasing. With the dynamics of the system, this platform should support different, possibly diverse types of models with different resource requirements. The life-long data collection and analysis for the complex coal-fired Power Plant requires a Machine Learning (ML) and deployment platform that is scalable and reconfigurable. This paper proposes a scalable and reconfigurable ML platform for a power plant based on docker technologies that support online model deployment, execution, and scheduling. In order to support the model retraining, a mechanism is proposed to manage the execution of the model training and the seamless transitions between models, without interrupting the online operation of model serving. This platform has been deployed in a power plant with two coal-fired units for about five months. Results of the field test prove that this system is flexible, model reconfigurable, and can achieve smooth model switches with minimal overhead.
Environmentally sensitive fluorescent nucleoside analogues as probes for nucleic acid – protein interactions: molecular design and biosensing applications
Authors: Dziuba Dmytro
Published: June 2022

Fluorescent nucleoside analogues (FNAs) are indispensable in studying the interactions of nucleic acids with nucleic acid-binding proteins. By replacing one of the poorly emissive natural nucleosides, FNAs enable real-time optical monitoring of the binding interactions in solutions, under physiologically relevant conditions, with high sensitivity. Besides that, FNAs are widely used to probe conformational dynamics of biomolecular complexes using time-resolved fluorescence methods. Because of that, FNAs are tools of high utility for fundamental biological research, with potential applications in molecular diagnostics and drug discovery. Here I review the structural and physical factors that can be used for the conversion of the molecular binding events into a detectable fluorescence output. Typical environmentally sensitive FNAs, their properties and applications, and future challenges in the field are discussed.
X-ray spectroscopy for the magnetic study of the van der Waals ferromagnet CrSiTe3 in the few- and monolayer limit
Authors: Fujita Ryuji , Liu Jieyi , Hou Xiaofei , Guo Yanfeng , Herrero-Martín Javier , van der Laan Gerrit , Hesjedal Thorsten
Published: June 2022

The study of magnetic order in few- and monolayer van der Waals materials poses a challenge to the most commonly employed magnetic characterization techniques as they normally lack magnetic sensitivity and/or lateral resolution enabling their thickness-dependent probing. Here we demonstrate the usefulness of x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements, carried out at the Cr

L

2
,
3

and Te M
5 edges, for the study of the ferromagnetic semiconductor CrSiTe3 (CST) in the form of single- and few-layer flakes. By scanning the sample under the incident x-ray beam, a map of the exfoliated system was obtained, which reproduced the optical micrographs showing the detailed distribution and thicknesses of the flakes. In this way, XAS/XMCD was performed at selected sample areas, revealing the thickness-resolved spectroscopic and magnetic properties of the flakes, such as the spin and orbital magnetic moments. The spin moment, in line with the saturation field, is decreasing with film thickness, revealing a single-domain and out-of-plane magnetization for the thinnest films. For CST, the electronic properties are governed by the strong covalent bond between the Cr 3d(e

g
) and Te 5p states, giving rise to a superexchange scenario. We observed a gradually increasing ratio of orbital to spin moment for thinner flakes, which could be due to a further increase of the covalent mixing. Hysteresis loops were recorded at the Cr L
3 edge, showing an open loop for 10 down to ∼3 layers, while the bulk shows a wasp-waist shaped loop. With the transition temperature from the soft to the hard ferromagnetic state decreasing with thickness, the monolayer shows a narrowed, closed loop at 10 K, suggesting its transition temperature

>

10 K. Our study demonstrates the unique capabilities of XAS/XMCD for the study of few-layer van der Waals magnets, highlighting the interplay between electron correlation and ferromagnetism in CST.
An electromagnetic shield design using frequency selective surfaces on a textile substrate
Authors: Naseer Noaman , Saka Birsen
Published: June 2022

In this paper, a flexible bandstop frequency selective surface (FSS) array fabricated on jeans substrate using silver-coated conductive yarn with a computerized embroidery machine is presented for X-band. The S parameters of the fabricated design are measured through the free space method. The measured S-parameters showed significant stopband characteristics between 8 GHz and 11.5 GHz for −30°–30° wide incident angles. Moreover, the transmission, reflection, absorption, and shielding effectiveness (SE) of the FSS array are also computed using measured S parameters. The prototype provides SE of more than 30 dB in X-band and has dominant absorption behavior for some frequencies within the band.
Nursing Home, Ward and Worker Level Determinants of Perceived Quantitative Work Demands: A Multi-Level Cross-Sectional Analysis in Eldercare
Authors: Stevens Matthew L , Karstad Kristina , Januario Leticia Bergamin , Mathiassen Svend Erik , Rugulies Reiner , Hallman David M , Holtermann Andreas
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Perceived quantitative demands at work have been associated with poor mental and physical health, long-term sickness absence and subsequent early retirement. Identifying modifiable determinants of perceived quantitative demands at different levels of the organization is key to developing effective interventions. The aim of the study was to identify determinants of perceived quantitative demands at work and examine the extent to which they occur at different levels of the eldercare organisation (i.e. the worker, ward and nursing home levels).

Methods

We collected data on 383 eldercare workers in 95 wards at 20 nursing homes in Denmark using workplace observations and questionnaires to workers and their managers. Perceived quantitative work demands were assessed using two items from the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire, II. We identified contributions to overall variability from the three organisational levels using variance components analysis, and examined associations between determinants at these three levels and quantitative demands.

Results

Almost all (90.9%) the variability in perceived quantitative demands occurred between eldercare workers (within wards). Determinants significantly associated with lower quantitative demands were: having a job as a care helper, working fixed evening shifts, being born outside Denmark, having lower influence at work, higher quality of leadership and lower emotional demands. None of the investigated physical factors (e.g. resident handlings, push/pull tasks, step-count) were associated with perceived quantitative demands.

Conclusion

We found that the variability in perceived quantitative demands occurred primarily between eldercare workers within wards. Our study indicates that psychosocial work environment factors are the strongest modifiable determinants of perceived quantitative demands in eldercare, while organisational factors related to job position, shift, and resident-staff ratio also play a role. Interventions should test if changes in these determinants can reduce perceived quantitative demands at work in eldercare.
Social Workers Response to Domestic Violence and Abuse during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Holt Stephanie , Elliffe Ruth , Gregory Soma , Curry Philip
Published: June 2022

The rapid global spread of COVID-19 has put increased pressure on health and social service providers, including social workers who continued front line practice throughout the pandemic, engaging with some of the most vulnerable in society often experiencing multiple adversities alongside domestic violence and abuse (DVA). Movement restrictions and stay-at-home orders introduced to slow the spread of the virus, paradoxically leave these families at even greater risk from those within the home. Utilising a survey methodology combining both open- and closed-ended questions, this study captured a picture of social work practice in Ireland with families experiencing DVA during the early waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings highlight both the changes and challenges in work practices and procedures that limit social work assessment and quality contact with families, changes to the help-seeking behaviours from victims/survivors, as well as emerging innovative practice responses with enhanced use of technology. Implications for practice include an increased awareness of the risk and prevalence of DVA accelerated by the pandemic. Conclusions assert that social work assessment and intervention with families experiencing DVA must remain adaptive to the changing COVID-19 context and continue to develop innovative practice approaches.
Validation of the 3MTM Molecular Detection Assay 2—Salmonella for detection of Salmonella in Dried Cannabis Flower and Dried Hemp Flower: AOAC Performance Tested MethodsSM 091501
Authors: Rosauer Micki L , Lopez-Velasco Gabriela , Silbernagel Karen M , Horine Leo , Tudor Alexandra
Published: June 2022

Background

The 3M™ Molecular Detection Assay 2—Salmonella method is based on real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification when used with the 3M Molecular Detection System for the rapid and specific detection of Salmonella in enriched products. The 3M Molecular Detection Assay 2—Salmonella was approved as AOAC INTERNATIONAL (AOAC) Performance Tested MethodSM (PTM) Certificate No. 091501 and as AOAC Official Method of AnalysisSM2016.01.

Objective

This matrix extension study evaluated the 3M Molecular Detection Assay 2—Salmonella for detection of Salmonella in dried cannabis flower [>0.3% delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)] and dried hemp flower (≤0.3% THC) at a 10 g test portion size.

Method

Matrix studies in dried cannabis and hemp flowers followed procedures outlined in 3M Molecular Detection Assay 2—Salmonella product instructions and Standard Method Performance Requirement (SMPR®) for Detection of Salmonella species in Cannabis and Cannabis Products (AOAC SMPR 2020.002). The method was evaluated at low, high, and non-contaminated levels.

Results

Results showed no statistically significant difference between the presumptive positive 3M Molecular Detection Assay 2—Salmonella results and the SMPR 2020.002 recommended cultural confirmations.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that the 3M Molecular Detection Assay 2—Salmonella is a reliable method for the rapid and specific detection of Salmonella in dried cannabis flower and dried hemp flower.

Highlights

The 3M Molecular Detection Assay 2—Salmonella method is suitable for the rapid and specific detection of Salmonella in dried cannabis flower and dried hemp flower.
The effects of heat stress on milk production and the grazing behavior of dairy Holstein cows milked by an automatic milking system
Authors: Morales-Piñeyrúa Jéssica T , Damián Juan P , Banchero Georgget , Sant`Anna Aline C
Published: June 2022

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the productive performance and grazing behavior of 25 primiparous and 44 multiparous Holstein cows in a pasture-based automatic milking system (AMS) while experiencing heat stress (defined as a temperature–humidity index [THI] ≥ 68). Productive traits were analyzed according to the THI from days 0, −1, −2, and −3 in relation to the milking day, and grazing behaviors (expressed as the percentage of daily observation time) were related to the average THI only on the day of observation. Milk yield was not associated with the THI on day 0, but a significant linear relationship was found with the THI on the three previous days, decreasing approximately 0.18 kg (primiparous) and 0.40 kg (multiparous) per THI unit increment. In contrast, for multiparous cows only, the milking frequency was positively associated with the THI on the day of evaluation but not on the previous days, increasing 0.01 milking/THI unit increments. Additionally, for each unit of THI increment, cows spent 0.14% more time standing, whereas they exhibited a decrease in grazing, lying, and ruminating behaviors time by 0.30%, 0.04%, and 0.70%, respectively, for both parities. In conclusion, milk loss was related to heat stress conditions from the previous days, but not milking frequency, which increased with the THI of the same milking day. Lower grazing, lying, and ruminating activities and greater standing behavior were observed due to heat stress.
Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training With Music Therapy Interventions for Adults With Serious Mental Illness: A Quasi-Experimental Nonequivalent Control-Group Pilot Study
Authors: Dvorak Abbey , Landeck Lindsey , Dyer William , Spiegel Deborah
Published: June 2022

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) improves emotion regulation by building skills in mindfulness, distress tolerance, emotion regulation, and interpersonal effectiveness. The purpose of this pilot study was to compare a DBT skills group with a combined DBT skills and music therapy (MT) group on participant outcomes of attendance, participation, skill practice, and skill knowledge, as well as determine feasibility of study procedures. We used a quasi-experimental nonequivalent control-group design with all groups co-led by a psychologist and a music therapist. Clinicians facilitated twice weekly 45-min groups in 12-week cycles for a total of eight groups over 2 years. The groups alternated DBT-only and DBT+MT; participant data were analyzed for their first cycle attended. The DBT-only group followed a standard DBT skills training format, whereas the DBT+MT group included music therapy interventions as group exercises. Participants (N = 26) were adults with serious mental illness referred to the inpatient psychosocial rehabilitation group (PSR) at a state psychiatric hospital. Participants completed a demographic form, diary cards, and exit interview; clinicians recorded attendance and session participation. Participants in the DBT+MT condition had significantly higher participation levels, slightly higher average attendance, submitted more diary cards, and included more feeling statements than the DBT-only condition. Although interpretations should be approached with caution, the pilot study intervention shows promise. Overall, this study could be implemented as intended under close monitoring, with minor modifications to assist with recruitment and data collection. Modifications, clinical implications, and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Imaging findings of atypical leiomyoma of urinary bladder simulating ureterocele
Authors: AlAmri Nojoud , Abdullah Hussam , AlIbrahim Fawaz , Eid Khadijah , AlShehri Mohammed
Published: June 2022

Bladder leiomyomas are relatively rare benign tumors of the bladder. They represent <0.5% of all urinary bladder tumor. In the literature, only about 250 cases reported worldwide. They are commonly found in middle-aged females. Patients present with variety of clinical presentations with predominance of obstructive urinary symptoms. Ultrasound bladder is the first preferable diagnostic tool. Definitive diagnosis is made by histopathological examination. Surgical excision is almost highly effective, leaving a low recurrence rate. We report a 34-year-old male who presented with complaints of dysuria and incomplete voiding. Ultrasound showed a cystic fluid-filled bladder mass (ureterocele), which was excised through a transurethral resection. The histopathologic diagnosis was bladder leiomyoma.
The Finding Solid Ground Program Workbook
Authors: Schielke Hugo J. , Brand Bethany L. , Lanius Ruth A.
Published: June 2022

You can heal, recover from trauma, and grow, and this workbook can guide you through this important, meaningful work, step by step, at a pace that feels safe for you. If you’ve experienced trauma, life may sometimes feel hopeless, full of feeling too much or too little. You may feel that the world is a terrifying and dangerous place. You may even feel like you don’t deserve anything positive, especially if you have been hurt by people you needed, loved, or relied on. To escape the pain, you may have been disconnecting from yourself and the world, including in risky or unsafe ways. In this workbook, the expert authors guide you step by step along the path of healing from trauma and offer specific exercises to practice daily that will help you feel safer and develop a grounded, worthy sense of self. This book includes the information sheets and exercises that are the foundation for the Finding Solid Ground program. The companion book, Finding Solid Ground: Overcoming Obstacles in Trauma Treatment, provides the theoretical, clinical, and research rationale for the program. This workbook breaks recovery into practical manageable steps that can be immediately implemented. Participation in the Finding Solid Ground program in the Treatment of Patients with Dissociative Disorder (TOP DD) Network study was associated with increased ability to manage emotions in healthy ways and reduced dissociation, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and self-injury. Join the international community of people who have used this program to find solid ground!
Exploring the Predeployment Phase of an Antarctic Expedition and the Brazilian Pre-Antarctic Training
Authors: Moraes Michele Macedo , Hudson Alexandre Sérvulo Ribeiro , Martins Ygor Antônio Tinoco , Marques Alice Lamounier , Bruzzi Rúbio Sabino , Mendes Thiago Teixeira , Arantes Rosa Maria Esteves
Published: June 2022

In Antarctica, human access and presence are complex and require detailed planning and preparation in advance. The personnel of National Antarctic Programs (NAPs, i.e., scientists and support personnel, including military, civilians, and mountaineers) stay in different isolation, confinement, and extreme (ICE) environments such as ships, research stations, and scientific summer camps. Antarctica imposes harsh conditions that influence physiological and psychological responses impacting health, mood, and physical and cognitive performances. In this context, we argue why people should prepare in advance for staying in Antarctica and what to expect in ICE environments. We also spotlighted recommendations shared by different NAPs participant guides, including predeployment training. Next, we present a case study of the Brazilian Pre-Antarctic Training (PAT), a theoretical-practical training that provides technical and logistical information and assesses the adaptability and physical capacity of researchers and military personnel to perform fundamental activities in a polar environment. We evaluated and compared the individual’s mood at the beginning and the end of the PAT week and observed group-specific mood changes depending on the sex, functions, and the facilities that participants accessed. Finally, we proposed that conducting training before staying in Antarctica, besides promoting conditions to better plan the voyage and knowledge of the region, can contribute to dealing with the possible mood swings during expeditions and even promote positive affect. Therefore, the psychophysiological effects of PAT are topics for further investigations.
Selective ablation of 3′ RNA ends and processive RTs facilitate direct cDNA sequencing of full-length host cell and viral transcripts
Authors: Gallardo Christian M , Nguyen Anh-Viet T , Routh Andrew L , Torbett Bruce E
Published: June 2022

Alternative splicing (AS) is necessary for viral proliferation in host cells and a critical regulatory component of viral gene expression. Conventional RNA-seq approaches provide incomplete coverage of AS due to their short read lengths and are susceptible to biases and artifacts introduced in prevailing library preparation methodologies. Moreover, viral splicing studies are often conducted separately from host cell transcriptome analysis, precluding an assessment of the viral manipulation of host splicing machinery. To address current limitations, we developed a quantitative full-length direct cDNA sequencing strategy to simultaneously profile viral and host cell transcripts. This nanopore-based approach couples processive reverse transcriptases with a novel one-step chemical ablation of 3′ RNA ends (termed CASPR), which decreases ribosomal RNA reads and enriches polyadenylated coding sequences. We extensively validate our approach using synthetic reference transcripts and show that CASPR doubles the breadth of coverage per transcript and increases detection of long transcripts (>4 kb), while being functionally equivalent to PolyA+ selection for transcript quantification. We used our approach to interrogate host cell and HIV-1 transcript dynamics during viral reactivation and identified novel putative HIV-1 host factors containing exon skipping or novel intron retentions and delineated the HIV-1 transcriptional state associated with these differentially regulated host factors.
HSP90 and Aha1 modulate microRNA maturation through promoting the folding of Dicer1
Authors: Liu Xiaochuan , Yang Yen-Yu , Wang Yinsheng
Published: June 2022

Aha1 is a co-chaperone of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), and it stimulates the ATPase activity of HSP90 to promote the folding of its client proteins. By employing ascorbate peroxidase (APEX)-based proximity labeling and proteomic analysis, we identified over 30 proteins exhibiting diminished abundances in the proximity proteome of HSP90 in HEK293T cells upon genetic depletion of Aha1. Dicer1 is a top-ranked protein, and we confirmed its interactions with HSP90 and Aha1 by immunoprecipitation followed by western blot analysis. Genetic depletion of Aha1 and pharmacological inhibition of HSP90 both led to reduced levels of Dicer1 protein. Additionally, HSP90 and Aha1 bind preferentially to newly translated Dicer1. Reconstitution of Aha1-depleted cells with wild-type Aha1 substantially rescued Dicer1 protein level, and a lower level of restoration was observed for complementation with the HSP90-binding-defective Aha1-E67K, whereas an Aha1 mutant lacking the first 20 amino acids—which abolishes its chaperone activity—failed to rescue Dicer1 protein level. Moreover, knockdown of Aha1 and inhibition of HSP90 led to diminished levels of mature microRNAs (miRNAs), but not their corresponding primary miRNAs. Together, we uncovered a novel mechanism of HSP90 and Aha1 in regulating the miRNA pathway through promoting the folding of Dicer1 protein, and we also demonstrated that Aha1 modulates this process by acting as an autonomous chaperone and a co-chaperone for HSP90.
Nationwide Implementation of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Is Associated With Decreased Incidence of Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Park Keun Hyung , Jung Chan-Young , Jeong Wonjeong , Lee Gongmyung , Yang Jae Seok , Nam Chung Mo , Kim Hyung Woo , Kim Beom Seok
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to investigate the impact of nationwide nonpharmaceutical interventions against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the incidence of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) in kidney transplant recipients. The monthly incidence of PCP during the COVID-19 period decreased significantly compared to that of the pre–COVID-19 period in kidney transplant recipients.
Monkeypox: A Contemporary Review for Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Titanji Boghuma K , Tegomoh Bryan , Nematollahi Saman , Konomos Michael , Kulkarni Prathit A
Published: June 2022

The ongoing 2022 multicountry outbreak of monkeypox is the largest in history to occur outside of Africa. Monkeypox is an emerging zoonotic disease that for decades has been viewed as an infectious disease with significant epidemic potential because of the increasing occurrence of human outbreaks in recent years. As public health entities work to contain the current outbreak, healthcare professionals globally are aiming to become familiar with the various clinical presentations and management of this infection. We present in this review an updated overview of monkeypox for healthcare professionals in the context of the ongoing outbreaks around the world.
Deep-learning real/bogus classification for the Tomo-e Gozen transient survey
Authors: Takahashi Ichiro , Hamasaki Ryo , Ueda Naonori , Tanaka Masaomi , Tominaga Nozomu , Sako Shigeyuki , Ohsawa Ryou , Yoshida Naoki
Published: June 2022

We present a deep neural network real/bogus classifier that improves classification performance in the Tomo-e Gozen Transient survey by handling label errors in the training data. In the wide-field, high-frequency transient survey with Tomo-e Gozen, the performance of conventional convolutional neural network classifiers is not sufficient as about 106 bogus detections appear every night. In need of a better classifier, we have developed a new two-stage training method. In this training method, label errors in the training data are first detected by normal supervised learning classification, and then they are unlabeled and used for training of semi-supervised learning. For actual observed data, the classifier with this method achieves an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9998 and a false positive rate (FPR) of 0.0002 at a true positive rate (TPR) of 0.9. This training method saves relabeling effort by humans and works better on training data with a high fraction of label errors. By implementing the developed classifier in the Tomo-e Gozen pipeline, the number of transient candidates was reduced to ∼40 objects per night, which is ∼1/130 of the previous version, while maintaining the recovery rate of real transients. This enables more efficient selection of targets for follow-up observations.
Adenylates regulate Arabidopsis plastidial thioredoxin activities through the binding of a CBS domain protein
Authors: Baudry Kevin , Barbut Félix , Domenichini Séverine , Guillaumot Damien , Thy Mai Pham , Vanacker Hélène , Majeran Wojciech , Krieger-Liszkay Anja , Issakidis-Bourguet Emmanuelle , Lurin Claire
Published: June 2022

Cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) domains are found in proteins of all living organisms and have been proposed to play a role as energy sensors regulating protein activities through their adenosyl ligand binding capacity. In plants, members of the CBSX protein family carry a stand-alone pair of CBS domains. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), CBSX1 and CBSX2 are targeted to plastids where they have been proposed to regulate thioredoxins (TRXs). TRXs are ubiquitous cysteine thiol oxido-reductases involved in the redox-based regulation of numerous enzymatic activities as well as in the regeneration of thiol-dependent peroxidases. In Arabidopsis, 10 TRX isoforms have been identified in plastids and divided into five sub-types. Here, we show that CBSX2 specifically inhibits the activities of m-type TRXs toward two chloroplast TRX-related targets. By testing activation of NADP-malate dehydrogenase and reduction of 2-Cys peroxiredoxin, we found that TRXm1/2 inhibition by CBSX2 was alleviated in the presence of AMP or ATP. We also determined, by pull-down assays, a direct interaction of CBSX2 with reduced TRXm1 and m2 that was abolished in the presence of adenosyl ligands. In addition, we report that, compared with wild-type plants, the Arabidopsis T-DNA double mutant cbsx1 cbsx2 exhibits growth and chlorophyll accumulation defects in cold conditions, suggesting a function of plastidial CBSX proteins in plant stress adaptation. Together, our results show an energy-sensing regulation of plastid TRX m activities by CBSX, possibly allowing a feedback regulation of ATP homeostasis via activation of cyclic electron flow in the chloroplast, to maintain a high energy level for optimal growth.
The interaction mechanism of nickel ions with L929 cells based on integrative analysis of proteomics and metabolomics data
Authors: Zhang Yajing , Huang Yan , Chen Rong , Chen Shulin , Lü Xiaoying
Published: June 2022

The aim of this article was to study the toxicity mechanism of nickel ions (Ni2+) on L929 cells by combining proteomics and metabolomics. First, iTRAQ-based proteomics and LC/MS metabolomics analyses were used to determine the protein and metabolite expression profiles in L929 cells after treatment with 100 μM Ni2+ for 12, 24 and 48 h. A total of 177, 2191 and 2109 proteins and 40, 60 and 74 metabolites were found to be differentially expressed. Then, the metabolic pathways in which both differentially expressed proteins and metabolites were involved were identified, and three pathways with proteins and metabolites showing upstream and downstream relationships were affected at all three time points. Furthermore, the protein–metabolite–metabolic pathway network was constructed, and two important metabolic pathways involving 4 metabolites and 17 proteins were identified. Finally, the functions of the important screened metabolic pathways, metabolites and proteins were investigated and experimentally verified. Ni2+ mainly affected the expression of upstream proteins in the glutathione metabolic pathway and the arginine and proline metabolic pathway, which further regulated the synthesis of downstream metabolites, reduced the antioxidant capacity of cells, increased the level of superoxide anions and the ratio of GSSG to GSH, led to oxidative stress, affected energy metabolism and induced apoptosis.
Selenium nanoparticles derived from Proteus mirabilis YC801 alleviate oxidative stress and inflammatory response to promote nerve repair in rats with spinal cord injury
Authors: Liu Xiangyu , Mao Yingji , Huang Shengwei , Li Weifeng , Zhang Wei , An Jingzhou , Jin Yongchao , Guan Jianzhong , Wu Lifang , Zhou Pinghui
Published: June 2022

Microbial biotransformation and detoxification of biotoxic selenite into selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) has emerged as an efficient technique for the utilization of selenium. SeNPs are characterized by high bioavailability and have several therapeutic effects owing to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. However, their influence on microenvironment disturbances and neuroprotection after spinal cord injury (SCI) is yet to be elucidated. This study aimed to assess the influence of SeNPs on SCI and explore the underlying protective mechanisms. Overall, the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells were facilitated by SeNPs derived from Proteus mirabilis YC801 via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The SeNPs increased the number of neurons to a greater extent than astrocytes after differentiation and improved nerve regeneration. A therapeutic dose of SeNPs remarkably protected the integrity of the spinal cord to improve the motor function of the hind limbs after SCI and decreased the expression of several inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in vivo and enhanced the production of M2-type macrophages by regulating their polarization, indicating the suppressed inflammatory response. Besides, SeNPs reversed the SCI-mediated production of reactive oxygen species. In conclusion, SeNPs treatment holds the potential to improve the disturbed microenvironment and promote nerve regeneration, representing a promising therapeutic approach for SCI.
Adrenal Stress Hormone Regulation of Hepatic Homeostatic Function After an Acute Ozone Exposure in Wistar-Kyoto Male Rats
Authors: Jackson Thomas W , Henriquez Andres R , Snow Samantha J , Schladweiler Mette C , Fisher Anna A , Alewel Devin I , House John S , Kodavanti Urmila P
Published: June 2022

Ozone-induced lung injury, inflammation, and pulmonary/hypothalamus gene expression changes are diminished in adrenalectomized (AD) rats. Acute ozone exposure induces metabolic alterations concomitant with increases in epinephrine and corticosterone. We hypothesized that adrenal hormones are responsible for observed hepatic ozone effects, and in AD rats, these changes would be diminished. In total, 5–7 days after sham (SH) or AD surgeries, male Wistar-Kyoto rats were exposed to air or 0.8-ppm ozone for 4 h. Serum samples were analyzed for metabolites and liver for transcriptional changes immediately post-exposure. Ozone increased circulating triglycerides, cholesterol, free fatty-acids, and leptin in SH but not AD rats. Ozone-induced inhibition of glucose-mediated insulin release was absent in AD rats. Unlike diminution of ozone-induced hypothalamus and lung mRNA expression changes, AD in air-exposed rats (AD-air/SH-air) caused differential hepatic expression of ∼1000 genes. Likewise, ozone in AD rats caused differential expression of ∼1000 genes (AD-ozone/AD-air). Ozone-induced hepatic changes in SH rats reflected enrichment for pathways involving metabolic processes, including acetyl-CoA biosynthesis, TCA cycle, and sirtuins. Upstream predictor analysis identified similarity to responses produced by glucocorticoids and pathways involving forskolin. These changes were absent in AD rats exposed to ozone. However, ozone caused unique changes in AD liver mRNA reflecting activation of synaptogenesis, neurovascular coupling, neuroinflammation, and insulin signaling with inhibition of senescence pathways. In these rats, upstream predictor analysis identified numerous microRNAs likely involved in glucocorticoid insufficiency. These data demonstrate the critical role of adrenal stress hormones in ozone-induced hepatic homeostasis and necessitate further research elucidating their role in propagating environmentally driven diseases.
Importance of Incidental Findings in Preoperative Computed Tomography Angiography for Abdominally Based Free Flap Breast Reconstruction: A Multi-Institutional Study
Authors: Colakoglu Salih , Yang Jerry , French Mackenzie M. , Winocour Julian , Um Grace T. , Blumenauer Brian , Siddikoglu Duygu , Mureau Marc A. M. , Chong Tae , Higdon Kent , Perdikis Galen , Inchauste Suzanne M. , Kaoutzanis Christodoulos , Mathes David W.
Published: June 2022

Background:

In addition to its intended purpose of perforator mapping, computed tomography angiography can also identify incidental findings that may require further evaluation. In this multi-institutional study, the authors evaluated the frequency of incidental findings and their significance and effects on treatment course and aimed to identify risk factors for detecting such findings.

Methods:

A retrospective review of patients who underwent perforator mapping with computed tomography angiography was performed over a 5-year period from three academic institutions. Relevant sociodemographic and clinicopathologic information, computed tomography angiography reports, follow-up visits, and treatment outcomes were reviewed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the relationship between risk factors and incidental findings.

Results:

From January of 2015 to July of 2020, a total of 656 patients were identified who met inclusion criteria. Overall, 342 incidental findings were found, 76 of which required additional imaging or consultation. Ultimately, 10 patients (1.5 percent) had findings that altered reconstructive management, including five patients (0.8 percent) having severe disease that resulted in the cancellation of their reconstruction. Advanced age and immediate reconstruction timing were independent risk factors for incidental findings.

Conclusions:

Incidental findings are commonly identified on preoperative computed tomography angiography for deep inferior epigastric perforator flap breast reconstruction. Suspicious findings should be investigated thoroughly because they can alter the reconstructive course. Understanding of high-risk groups for incidental findings can further advance patient education during initial consultation.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Risk, III.
Next-Generation Cancer Magnetic Resonance Imaging With Tumor-Targeted Alkylphosphocholine Metal Analogs
Authors: Zhang Ray R. , Choi Cynthia , Brunnquell Christina L. , Hernandez Reinier , Pinchuk Anatoly N. , Grudzinski Joseph G. , Clark Paul A. , McMillan Alan B. , Audhya Anjon , Jeffrey Justin , Kuo John S. , Weichert Jamey P.
Published: June 2022

Objectives

In an effort to exploit the elevated need for phospholipids displayed by cancer cells relative to normal cells, we have developed tumor-targeted alkylphosphocholines (APCs) as broad-spectrum cancer imaging and therapy agents. Radioactive APC analogs have exhibited selective uptake and prolonged tumor retention in over 50 cancer types in preclinical models, as well as over 15 cancer types in over a dozen clinical trials. To push the structural limits of this platform, we recently added a chelating moiety capable of binding gadolinium and many other metals for cancer-targeted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography imaging, and targeted radionuclide therapy. The aim of this work was to synthesize, characterize, and validate the tumor selectivity of a new broad-spectrum, tumor-targeted, macrocyclic MRI chelate, Gd-NM600, in xenograft and orthotopic tumor models. A secondary aim was to identify and track the in vivo chemical speciation and spatial localization of this new chelate Gd-NM600 in order to assess its Gd deposition properties.

Materials and Methods

T1 relaxivities of Gd-NM600 were characterized in water and plasma at 1.5 T and 3.0 T. Tumor uptake and subcellular localization studies were performed using transmission electron microscopy. We imaged 8 different preclinical models of human cancer over time and compared the T1-weighted imaging results to that of a commercial macrocyclic Gd chelate, Gd-DOTA. Finally, matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization–mass spectrometry imaging was used to characterize and map the tissue distribution of the chemical species of Gd-NM600.

Results

Gd-NM600 exhibits high T1 relaxivity (approximately 16.4 s−1/mM at 1.5 T), excellent tumor uptake (3.95 %ID/g at 48 hours), prolonged tumor retention (7 days), and MRI conspicuity. Moreover, minimal tumor uptake saturability of Gd-NM600 was observed. Broad-spectrum tumor-specific uptake was demonstrated in 8 different human cancer models. Cancer cell uptake of Gd-NM600 via endosomal internalization and processing was revealed with transmission electron microscopy. Importantly, tissue mass spectrometry imaging successfully interrogated the spatial localization and chemical speciation of Gd compounds and also identified breakdown products of Gd species.

Conclusions

We have introduced a new macrocyclic cancer-targeted Gd chelate that achieves broad-spectrum tumor uptake and prolonged retention. Furthermore, we have demonstrated in vivo stability of Gd-NM600 by ultrahigh resolution MS tissue imaging. A tumor-targeted contrast agent coupled with the enhanced imaging resolution of MRI relative to positron emission tomography may transform oncologic imaging.
Transsynaptic Ganglion Cell Degeneration in Adult Patients After Occipital Lobe Stroke
Authors: Donaldson Laura , Chen Michael , Margolin Edward
Published: June 2022

Background:

Loss of retinal ganglion cells after occipital lobe damage is known to occur through transsynaptic retrograde degeneration in congenital lesions; however, studies of this phenomenon in acquired pathology, such as strokes affecting postgenicular visual pathway, are scant. We studied a cohort of adult patients with known onset of occipital lobe stroke to look for the presence, rate, and timing of macular ganglion cell loss on optical coherence tomography.

Methods:

Retrospective review of patients seen in tertiary neuro-ophthalmology practice with homonymous hemianopia secondary to occipital lobe stroke of known onset. Optical coherence tomography of the macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) was performed, and hemifields corresponding to the side of the visual field (VF) defect were compared with the control retinal hemifield.

Results:

Fifteen patients with homonymous VF defects were included in the study, and 8 of these (53.3%) demonstrated GCC hemifield thickness of less than 90% on the side corresponding to VF loss including 2/9 (22%) patients who had a stroke less than 2.5 years ago and 6/6 (100%) patients who had a stroke longer than 2.5 years ago. The amount of hemifield atrophy correlated to the logarithm of time since stroke onset (P =0.030) but not age (P = 0.95) or mean deviation on VF (P = 0.19). Three patients with longitudinal data showed GCC thinning rates of 1.99, 5.13, and 5.68 µm per year.

Conclusion:

Transsynaptic retrograde degeneration occurs after occipital lobe stroke as early as 5.5 months after injury and was observed in all patients 2.5 years after stroke.
Cochlear implant material effects on inflammatory cell function and foreign body response
Authors: Jensen Megan J. , Claussen Alexander D. , Higgins Timon , Vielman-Quevedo Rene , Mostaert Brian , Xu Linjing , Kirk Jonathon , Hansen Marlan R.
Published: June 2022

Objectives

The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of cochlear implant (CI) biomaterials on the function of macrophages and fibroblasts, two key mediators of the foreign body response (FBR) and to determine how these materials influence fibrous tissue growth and new bone formation within the cochlea.

Methods

Macrophages and fibroblasts were cultured on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and platinum substrates and human CI electrodesin vitro. Cell count, cell proliferation, cytokine production, and cell adhesion were measured. CI electrodes were implanted into murine cochleae for one week without electrical stimulation. Implanted cochleae were harvested for 3D X-ray microscopy with the CI leftin-situ. The location of new bone growth within the scala tympani (ST) with reference to different portions of the implant (PDMS vs platinum) was quantified.

Results

Cell counts of macrophages and fibroblasts were significantly higher on platinum substrates and platinum contacts of CI electrodes. Fibroblast proliferation was greater on platinum relative to PDMS, and cells grown on platinum formed more/larger focal adhesions. 3D x-ray microscopy showed neo-ossification in the peri-implant areas of the ST. Volumetric quantification of neo-ossification showed a trend toward greater bone formation adjacent to the platinum electrodes compared to areas opposite or away from the platinum electrode bearing surfaces.

Conclusions

Fibrotic reactions are biomaterial specific, as demonstrated by the differences in cell adhesion, proliferation, and fibrosis on platinum and PDMS. The inflammatory reaction to platinum contacts on CI electrodes likely contributes to fibrosis to a greater degree than PDMS, and platinum contacts may influence the deposition of new bone, as demonstrated in thein vivodata. This information can potentially be used to influence the design of future generations of neural prostheses.