bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BIOMASS AND NUTRIENTS IN THE FOREST-FLOOR LITTER OF SECOND-GROWTH BRAZILIAN ATLANTIC FORESTS
Authors: Marques Renato , Larsen Janaina Gabriela , Cattarin Anadia , De Medeiros Silveira Fabiana
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the biomass and chemical composition of the forest floor litter in three remnants of Submontane Dense Ombrophilous Forest located in the Guaricica Natural Reserve in the municipality of Antonina, state of Paraná, Brazil. The areas selected for this study are at different stages of secondary succession, here named initial stage (INI), intermediate stage (INT), and advanced stage (ADV). The litter was collected in different seasons of the year (summer and winter of 2013 and 2014) and sorted into fractions: whole leaves (WL), leaves under some stage of decomposition (DL), miscellaneous litter (ML), and branches (B). After sorting, the litter was oven-dried, weighed, and had the contents of C, N, P, K, Ca, and Mg measured. After that, the accumulated amount of each nutrient in the different litter fractions was estimated. Accumulation of biomass in the INI was lower than that in the ADV. The DL fraction showed the highest level of biomass accumulation among all fractions. The average concentration of macronutrients in the litter showed the following sequence: C>N>Ca>Mg>K>P. The C/N ratio was higher in the INI and INT compared with that in the ADV. Higher levels of macronutrients were frequently observed in the ADV. Inputs of C and of most nutrients increased from the INI to the ADV, except for Ca, whose input varied little throughout the different successional stages.
SAMPLING USING THE BITTERLICH METHOD IN Pinus taeda L. PLANTATIONS WITH DISTINCT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Authors: Machado Norton , Stepka Thiago Floriani , Nicoletti Marcos Felipe
Published: March 2023

The Bitterlich method was studied with multiple basal area factors (BAF) in 3 Pinus taeda L. plantations located in the Midwest of Santa Catarina, Brazil using different management regimes: without thinning (1344 trees.ha-1), with one thinning (789 trees.ha-1), and with two thinnings (475 trees.ha-1),. Using the parameters obtained from censuses, we sought to verify the data from different sample treatments for the variables V.ha-1, G.ha-1, N.ha-1 and “d” through a completely randomized design for each management regime and observing the precision obtained by the sampling error and the accuracy detected by the real error. It was observed that the variable “d” was less impacted by the change in the basal area factor (BAF), but the estimates of V.ha-1, G.ha-1 and N.ha-1 were more consistent (precision and accuracy) using factors equal to or less than 5, mainly in thinned areas. Even with no significant differences in any BAF in the 3 experiments, the sampling performed with BAF greater than 5 showed contrasting results in the managed areas depending on the BAF used. Sampling precision is influenced by BAFs, decreasing with the reduction in the number of trees counted within the Bitterlich sampling unit, a direct consequence of the BAF increase. Sampling errors were always overestimated, regardless of the dendrometric variable or area management. Even the largest differences between estimates and parameters being identified in BAF greater than or equal to 5, the experiment indicated the use of any BAF, with the largest requiring greater sampling intensity.
Teknolojia na maendeleo ya taaluma ya walimu nchini Tanzania: Zana za utafiti
Authors: EdTech Hub EdTech Hub
Published: March 2023

An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Perancangan Sistem Informasi Penggajian Karyawan Berbasis Web Pada Perumda BPR Bank Cirebon
Authors: Fitri Kurniasari  , Nining Rahaningsih
Published: March 2023

Perumda BPR Bank Cirebon, sebuah lembaga keuangan perbankan yang menyalurkan uang sebagai usaha perkreditan rakyat, dimiliki oleh Pemerintah Daerah Cirebon. Penggajian karyawan kini dihitung secara manual menggunakan perangkat lunak Microsoft Office Excel. Gaji karyawan dihitung sebagai gaji pokok ditambah tunjangan tetap dan tunjangan tidak tetap dikurangi pinjaman. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut maka diperlukan suatu sistem komputerisasi untuk mempermudah dan mempercepat perhitungan gaji pegawai pada Perumda BPR Bank Cirebon sehingga memberikan hasil yang lebih akurat. Untuk menyimpan data dalam sistem akan digunakan bahasa PHP dan database MySQL, dan teknik perancangannya adalah System Development Life Sycle (SDLC) Waterfall, dengan langkah-langkah sebagai berikut: pengumpulan data, analisis sistem, perancangan sistem, scripting, dan sistem penerapan. Sistem akan secara otomatis menghitung gaji dengan menggabungkan komponen kenaikan gaji dan komponen pemotongan, menghasilkan gaji bersih. Sistem informasi penggajian ini juga lebih praktis karena memiliki desain antarmuka yang tertata rapi, jelas, dan mudah dipahami.
Implentasi Akad Qard Dalam Kaitannya Dengan Sifat Ta’awun ProHajj Pada Bank Muamalat KCP Sumenep
Authors: Muh. Ridho Sudianto  , Dianawati Dianawati
Published: March 2023

Dalam perbankan Syariah terdapat kegiatan usaha, diantaranya penyaluran dana melalui prinsip pinjam meminjam yang disebut dengan akad qard{. Akad qard{ merupakan akad pinjaman antara dua pihak, dimana pihak pertama meminjamkan harta kepada pihak kedua sebagai pinjaman uang tanpa mengharapkan imbalan atas peminjaman tersebut. Akad ini dapat membantu nasabah untuk menggunakan produk Prohajj. Sifat ta’awun yang ditunjukan dalam dalam program Prohajj ini sangat membantu masyarakat yang ingin mendapatkan porsi haji. Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini bagaimana sifat ta’awun yang terlihat dalam implementasi akad qard{ dalam prohajj, yang dijabarkan dalam dua tujuan yaitu, pertama untuk mengetahui bagaimana implementasi akad qard{ dalam kaitannya dengan sifat ta’awun Prohajj dan yang kedua untuk mengetahui faktor mempengaruhi nasabah menggunakan prohajj pada Bank Muamalat Indonesia KCP Sumenep. Untuk mengetahui lebih dalam maka peneliti menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan sekunder, sedangkan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dengan memakai wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Implementasi akad qard{ dalam kaitannya dengan sifat ta’awun Prohajj pada Bank Muamalat Indonesia KCP Sumenep, ialah karena adanya bentuk tolong menolong antara pihak bank dan nasabah dimana pihak bank membantu nasabah untuk mendapatkan porsi haji melalui pembiayaan prohajj dan nasabah memberikan timbal balik kepada bank berupa upah pada akad waka>lah bil ujrah. Adapun faktor yang mempengaruhi nasabah menggunakan prohajj pada Bank Muamalat Indonesia KCP adanya kesadaran diri untuk melaksanakan ibadah haji dan diperkuat adanya promosi prohajj yang diberikan oleh bank kepada nasabah yang bisa diporsikan bersama keluarga sehingga nasabah tertarik menggunakan produk prohajj.
PENGARUH KUALITAS DAN HARGA TERHADAP KEPUASAN PELANGGAN PADA PEJAHIT SAHABAT JL.PATUAN ANGGI PANCURAN GEROBAK, KOTA SIBOLGA
Authors: Glaxy Rezeki Hutagalung  , Hadijah Sipahutar  , Tiurlina Hasmawati Sihite
Published: March 2023

Kualitas dan harga merupakan variabel yang dapat memberi rasa kepuasan pelanggan, kedua elemen tersebut menjadi faktor pembeda setiap produk, jika kualitas dan harga dapat sesuai dengan ekspektasi konsumen, maka rasa kepuasan akan didapat konsumen. tujuan penelitian ini yaitu: Untuk Mengetahui  Seberapa Besar Pengaruh Kualitas Dan Harga Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan Pada Penjahit Sahabat Jl. Patuan Anggi Pancuran Gerobak, Kota Sibolga. Hipotesis penelitian ini, yaitu : Ada Pengaruh Kualitas Dan Harga Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan Pada Penjahit Sahabat Jl. Patuan Anggi Pancuran Gerobak, Kota Sibolga. Jumlah populasi sebanyak 120 orang dan sampel 30 orang. Jenis data digunakan data primer dan sekunder. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda.

Hasil penelitian ditemukan Ada pengaruh kualitas secara indivudual terhadap kepuasan pelanggan pada Penjahit Sahabat di mana di mana nilai t-hitung sebesar 3,038 lebih besar dari nilai ttabel sebesar 2,042 (3,038 > 2,042) atau signifikan (Sig-t) sebesar 0,005 lebih kecil dari α (0,05). Ada pengaruh harga  secara indivudual terhadap kepuasan pelanggan pada Penjahit Sahabat di mana di mana nilai t-hitung sebesar 3,369 lebih besar dari nilai ttabel sebesar 2,042 (3,369 > 2,042) atau signifikan (Sig-t) sebesar 0,002 lebih kecil dari α (0,05). Ada pengaruh kualitas dan harga secara serempak terhadap kepuasan pelanggan pada Penjahit Sahabat, dimana ditemukan nilai Fhitung > Ftabel  (17,177 > 3,32) dan Sig.á (0,000a) lebih kecil dari alpha 5% (0,005). Besarnya pengaruh kualitas dan harga terhadap kepuasan pelanggan adalah 56% dan sisanya 44% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain di luar penelitian ini.
Implementasi Data Mining Untuk Mengklasifikasikan Data Penjualan Pada Supermarket Menggunakan Algoritma Naïve Bayes
Authors: Indriyani Indriyani  , Agus Bahtiar
Published: March 2023

Teknologi semakin berkembang atau berkembang sangat pesat. Perkembangan teknologi juga mempengaruhi tuntutan masyarakat yang semakin meningkat sehingga toko atau supermarket berlomba-lomba menyediakan berbagai jenis produk atau kebutuhan sehari-hari. Walau supermarket pasar moderen yang menyaingi pasar tradisional, akan tetapi supermarket pun pasti akan tersaingi oleh supermarket yang lain. Setiap kota pasti ada trial yang berbeda- beda,yang dimana pelanggan pasti akan memilih mana yang sangat pantas mereka kunjungi untuk berbelanja dan mana yang tidak. Namun, di setiap toko dan supermarket perlu diketahui jenis produk apa saja yang diminati oleh pelanggan yang akan dituju dan pelayanan yang bagaimana yang mereka inginkan. Dataset supermarket ini mempunyai histori penjualan di 3 (tiga) cabang berbeda selama 3 bulan. Membutuhkan klasifikasi penjualan supaya supermarket  tersebut bisa menigkatkan perkembangnya dalam menjual barangnya. Dari hasil riset yang dilakukan di supermarket 3 cabang  tersebut terdapat 16 artibut dan 1000 record, Supermarket  menjual barang umum, elektronik, fashion, makanan dan minuman, kesehatan dan kecantikan, kebutuhan rumah dan gaya hidup, olahraga dan perjalanan. Untuk membantu toko dan supermarket, penulis akan melakukan analisis dengan mengklasifikasikan data mining pada supermarket sort dengan menggunakan algoritma naive bayes untuk mengetahui jenis produk yang disukai pelanggan di 3 cabang dalam 3 bulan. Kategori produk yang diperoleh dari mengklasifikasikan produk penjualan dapat meghasilan  akurasi mencapai 98.5%. Penggunaan  metode algoritma naive bayes dan confusional matrix memberikan pengaruh yang sangat penting dalam mendapatkan klasifikasi penjualan supermarket yang akurasi dan signifikat.
Pengaruh Kepemilikan Manajerial, Kualitas Audit, Dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Dengan Manajemen Laba Sebagai Variabel Intervening
Authors: Kusmiyati Kusmiyati  , Nera Marinda Machdar
Published: March 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh kepemilikan manajerial, kualitas audit, dan profitabilitas terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan manajemen laba sebagai variabel intervening. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Metode pemilihan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling pada perusahaan sektor energy yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) pada tahun 2016-2021. Metode analasis yang digunakan adalah analisis linear berganda dengan menggunakan program SPSS 25. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa kepemilikan manajerial tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan, dan kualitas audit tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan, sedangkan profitabilitas berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan. Kepemilikan manajerial tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan melalui manajemen laba sebagai variabel intervening, kualitas audit tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan melalui manajemen laba sebagai variabel intervening sedangkan profitabilitas berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan melalui nilai perusahaan sebagai variabel intervening.
Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Fisik dan Lingkungan Kerja Non Fisik terhadap Produktivitas Kerja di SDN 05 MARUNDA
Authors: Ida Umarul Mufidah  , Izhatullaili Izhatullaili
Published: March 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of the physical work environment and non-physical work environment on the work productivity of the workforce, using quantitative methods, the research was conducted on the workforce at SDN 05 Marunda, North Jakarta, DKI Jakarta Province. The sampling technique for this study was simple random sampling of 30 people. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires, interviews and for the physical work environment variable, measurements were added using a measuring instrument. The data generated from the questionnaire were analyzed using a multiple linear regression statistical test, while the results of measurements with measuring instruments were calculated and compared with the stipulated values in the Minister of Manpower Regulation Number 5 of 2018 concerning Occupational Health and Safety in the Work Environment.

The research results from the hypothesis test obtained the F count > F table (23.160 > 3.32) and a significance value of 0.000 <0.05, it can be concluded that the third hypothesis is accepted by the physical work environment (X1) and non-physical work environment (X2) simultaneously effect on work productivity (Y). The second hypothesis is also accepted, there is an influence of the non-physical work environment (X2) on work productivity (Y), this is based on the t test obtained t count > t table (4.413 > 2.052) and a significance value of 0.0000 <probability 0.05. However, the first hypothesis is rejected, the value of t count <t table (-1.251 <2.052) and a significance value of 0.222 > probability 0.05, it can be concluded that there is no effect of the physical work environment (X1) on work productivity (Y).
Penegakan Disiplin Pegawai Negeri Sipil Dalam Rangka Mewujudkan Aparatur Pemerintahan Yang Baik Menurut Pp 53 Tahun 2010
Authors: Sitti Harlina Hamid  , Nurasia Natsir
Published: March 2023

. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penegakan aturan disiplin Pegawai Negeri Sipil berdasarkan PP No.53 Tahun 2010 tentang Disiplin Pegawai Negeri Sipil pada kantor Balai Penelitian Kehutanan Makassar. Dan untuk mengetahui penerapan hukuman disiplin Pegawai Negeri Sipil berdasarkan PP No.53 Tahun 2010 tentang Disiplin Pegawai Negeri Sipil pada kantor Balai Penelitian Kehutanan Makassar.Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara sebagai berikut:Penelitian Pustaka(Library Reseacrh) adalah penelitian yang dilakukan dengan cara mengumpulkan data melalui dokumen-dokumen tertulis, laporan-laporan, serta peraturan perundang-undangan yang erat kaitannya dengan penelitian ini. Penelitian Lapang(Field Research) adalah penelitian yang bertujuan untuk memperoleh data yang sehubungan dengan penulisan penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penegakan aturan disiplin Pegawai Negeri Sipil dilihat dan kesanggupan pegawai dalam menaati kewajiban masih rendah, hal tersebut disebabkan oleh kurangnya kesadaran pegawai terhadap jam kerja, masih ada sebagian kecil pegawai yang menyelesaikan pekerjaannya tidak tepat waktu,serta pelayanan yang diberikan belum optimal. Penerapan sanksi di Balai Penelitian Kehutanan Makassar sudah sesuai dengan aturan disiplin PNS yaitu Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 53 tahun 2010, yang mana pemberian sanksi dilakukan sesuai dengan tingkat pelanggaran yang dilakukan oleh pegawai yang melanggar atau indisipliner.
Penggunaan Teknik Pancing Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Menulis Teks Eksposisi Siswa Kelas VIII SMPN 4 Batang Anai
Authors: Yenesa Enjela  , Ermawati Arief
Published: March 2023

Teknik pancing merupakan salah satu strategi untuk meningkatkan keefektivitasan pembelajaran menulis teks eksposisi.  Penggunaan teknik pancing dalam pembelajaran menulis teks eksposisi diharapkan dapat meningkatkan minat dan motivasi siswa yang lebih kreatif. Selain itu, teknik pancing juga diharapkan mampu mengoptimalkan keterampilan menulis teks eksposisi dalam menyajikan informasi secara jelas, sistematis dan objektif. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan teknik pancing dalam pembelajaran menulis teks eksposis siswa kelas VIII di SMPN 4 Batang Anai. Metode penelitian yang dipakai pada penelitian ini yaitu metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan PTK. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan ketuntasan siswa dalam belajar yaitu siklus I, hanya 63% siswa yang memenuhi ketuntasan belajar, sedangkan pada siklus II, peningkatan yang signifikan terlihat dengan 90% siswa mencapai ketuntasan belajar. Di samping itu, siswa juga terlihat antusias dan terlibat aktif mengikuti pembelajaran teks eksposisi.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA DENGAN METODE DEMONSTRASI PADA SISWA KELAS IV SDK NABUTAEK
Authors: Yohana Febriana Tabun
Published: March 2023

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh keterlibatan siswa secara langsung dalam pembelajaran yang sangat minim sehingga siswa tidak memahami materi yang diajarkan. Disamping itu, siswa tidak antusiasi dan tertarik pada materi karena menggunakan metode konvensional dalam mengajar.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui cara meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA dengan menggunakan metode demonstrasi pada siswa kelas IV SDK Nabutaek. Jenis penelitianyang digunakan adalah penelitian tindak kelas dengan empat tahapan yakni: persiapan, pelaksanaan, evaluasi, obsevasi dan refleksi dengan mengambil lokasi SDK Nabutaek, Kabupaten Malaka. Adapun subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah para siswa kelas IV yang berjumlah 28 orang, dengan rincian 15 orang siswa laki-laki dan 13 orang siswa perempuan. Pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan teknik tes dan nontes/observasi. Data yang terkumpul dengan teknik analisis deskriptif.

Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa adanya peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada pelajaran IPA. Hal ini dilihat dari hasil tes setiap siklus yakni pra siklus sebesar 71,07% dengan nilai tertinggi 90 dan nilai terendah 50. Siswa yang hasil belajarnya mencapai KKM 19 orang atau 67,86% dari nilai KKM yang ditetapkan yaitu 70. Sementara ketuntasan klasik yang ingin dicapai 70%. Ini menunjukan bahwa ketuntasan dalam pembelajaran belum tercapai. Dan siklus II diperoleh nilai rata-rata 78,21 dengan nilai tertinggi 90 dan nilai terendah 50. Siswa yang hasil belajarnya mencapai KKM 22 orang atau 78,75% dari nilai KKM yang ditetapkan yaitu 70. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa hasil belajar siswa sudah mencapai indikator keberhasilan yang diharapkan. Oleh karena itu penelitian dianggap cukup sampai siklus II.
Pelayanan Penanganan Penunggak Iuran BPJS Bagi Peserta JKN-KIS Kesehatan di Kantor Cabang Kota X
Authors: Prayitno Dedi
Published: March 2023

Weak regulation of sanctions for BPJS participants regarding the obligation of contributions, BPJS for health resulted in a budget deficit. Projected budget deficit in 2018, the deficit will be Rp. 28.5 trillion. The expansion projection comes from diverting the 2018 deficit plus the burden of paying hospital bills since the beginning of 2018. BPJS Kesehatan finance director Kemal Imam Santoso said the company still has a carry over financial deficit of Rp. 9.1 trillion from last year. Based on the description of the discussion above regarding job descriptions on billing and finance, obstacles in billing JKN-KIS participant contributions, and efforts to handle participants who are in arrears at the Health Social Security Administering Body for City X branch offices
               Data and information is carried out by observing in the field of finance and billing by gathering information based on interviews, data review and existing financial / billing data. Observations made were 8 Billing and Finance staff at the BPJS Kesehatan City X branch office, having different but very related tasks starting from the Head of Billing and Finance who is fully responsible for staff performance and the smooth payment of participant contributions, two Staff participant contribution collection workers
Billing is always attempted by contacting the company to find out the active status of participants by visiting, via WA, email or with JKN cadres. Sending the latest information regarding contribution payments, for example with REHAB to make it easier for participants. As well as developing the REHAB program. Meanwhile, there are 83,585 participants in BPJS Kota X Branch Offices who have arrears at the BPJS Kota X Branch Office until 2020 reaching Rp. 72,678,386,206.  The need for employee job disks that are more specific and reliable considering the constraints of Covid 19 also have quite an effect on the contributions of independent participants,
 Keywords: dues; bills; arrears; billing; treatment
Analisa Pengaruh Financial Distress Terhadap Harga Saham Dengan Model Altman Z-Score
Authors: Utami Dora Ayu , Isnaini Desi , Stiawan Evan
Published: March 2023

This study aims to prove the effect of the ratio wcta, reta, ebita, mvebtl, sta and predictions of financial distress on stock prices at JII 70 for the 2019-2021 period. In this study, the type of research that will be used is quantitative research. The population of this study is all companies that have come out of the JII 70 calculations for 2019-2021, totaling 53 companies. The sample selection in this study used a purposive sampling method. The number of research samples is 34 companies. The types and sources of data used in this research are time series data and secondary data. The data were processed through the SPSS 16 program. The results showed that WCTA, RETA, EBITA, MVEBTL, STA X1) had a significant effect on stock prices. WCTA (X2) has a significant effect on stock prices. RETA (X3) has a significant effect on stock prices. EBITA (X4) has no significant effect on stock prices. MVEBTL (X5) has a significant effect on stock prices. STA (X6) has no significant effect on stock prices. WCTA, RETA, EBITA, MVEBTL, STA (X7) jointly affect the stock price of the JII 70 index for the 2019-2021 period by 11%, while the remaining 89% is influenced by other factors.
 Keywords: Financial Distress, Stock Price, Altman Z-Score, JII70
Computer-Aided Drug Designing of Ocimum basilicum Compounds as Therapeutic Agents against RdRp of SARS-CoV2
Authors: Shafiq Mehwish , Saif Rashid , Ali Laraib , Ahmad Tuba , Anjum Iram , Sohail Anood
Published: March 2023

The prevailing situation of the World is challenging due to COVID-19 pandemic that is caused by SARS-CoV2.  Objectives: To combat with this emerging pandemic by reducing disease severity and infection, the need of hour is to develop an effective vaccine and antiviral candidates as therapeutic agents against SARS-CoV2. Methods: This study was developed for the identification of potential anti-viral agents, from Ocimum basilicum against RdRp of SARS-CoV2. In this concern, nevadensin, ursolic acid, β-Sesquiphellandren, apigenin, nerolidol, nonyl acetate and geranyl acetate were screened out of fifty-seven compounds from Ocimum basilicum based on their best docking scores. The docking results were also compared with already clinically used drugs (Remdesivir and Ribavirin) against the RdRp of SARS-CoV2. Molecular docking was performed using MOE software. The ADMET analysis and drug likeliness were also performed for all screened compounds by using admetSAR, pkCSM and SwissADME. Results: Cumulatively, the optimum binding energies of screened compounds indicated their potential for drug development against SARS-CoV2. It appears promising that nevadensin exhibited a good docking score and high binding affinity towards RdRp of SARS-CoV2. Therefore, it may represent the potential to inhibit COVID-19. Conclusion: Hence, Ocimum basilicum nutraceuticals could be effective therapeutic candidates for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19.
Effect of Work Load of Nurses on Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care
Authors: Asghar Shagufta , Kousar Rukhsana , Asif Muhammad , Pervez Saeman
Published: March 2023

The duty of nurses to provide patients with high-quality care. The most significant factor that continuously affects the patient care by nurses provide to their patients is job satisfaction Nurses work closely with patients, they have a significant impact on the organization's financial health. If nurses give their patients high-quality treatment, the organization's financial health improves. Objective: To find out effect of work load of nurses on patient satisfaction with nursing care. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at DHQ Hospital Muzzafargarh. 150 nurses were selected through convenient sampling technique. All the registered nurses 25- 60 years with more than 2 years of experience were enrolled in current study. the un-willing participants or retired nurses were excluded from currents study. Self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The participant’s basic demographic history, and patient’s satisfaction was collected through the self-administered questionnaire. All the data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS 25.0. descriptive analysis was conducted. Results: The nurses with high work load shows low satisfaction score (34.76+13.06) and low load shows high satisfaction score (52.16+12.39). there was statically significant difference among satisfaction score of patients regrading patient care (P-value<0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded from current study the work load significantly affects the patient care. The reasons of poor patient’s satisfaction in work load, job related stress, poor administration and financial crisis
Impact of Poverty on Secondary School Academic Achievement among Girls in District Faisalabad, Pakistan; A cross sectional study
Authors: Khalid Rabia , Subhan Nazar Muhammad , Ahmad Zakki Shahbaz , Altaf Ehtisham , Raza Asim , Saeed Maham , Khalid Madiha
Published: March 2023

One of the most fundamental and obvious human rights in all countries is the right to an education. However, poverty has continued to be a stumbling block for the majority of people in achieving this fundamental right. Objective: To investigate how poverty affects academic performance of girls in secondary school. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 students of schools in District Faisalabad, Pakistan. The questionnaire designed for this study is self-designed, multi-section survey i-e. Demographic information including age, sex, educational level, family financial status. The (SPSS) version 22.0 was used to examine the data that had been gathered. Results: According to the current study, there were 100 total respondents, and all of them were women. About 39% of respondents' fathers were illiterate or had just a middle level of education, 28% had graduated, 21% had a middle to metric level of education, and only 12% had a high level of education. About 54% of respondents' moms were illiterate or had just a middle level of education, 21% had graduated, 17% had a middle to metric level of education, and only 8% had a high level of education. Conclusion: The study comes to the conclusion that poverty is a growing problem today and that the number of individuals living in poverty is always rising. The research also showed a strong correlation between children's academic success and their parents' socioeconomic level.
Physicochemical Characteristics, Total Phenolic Content and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Apple (Malus Domestica) Peel Powder
Authors: Khalid Saeed Muhammad , Zahra Naseem , Saeed Asma , Syed Quratulain
Published: March 2023

Apple peel is considered as a waste product in many fruit industries but it is a noteworthy source of nutrients and phytochemicals, particularly polyphenols which have the ability to scavenge free radicals. Objectives: To study the physicochemical properties of apple (Malus domestica) peel powder, as well as its TPC and free radical scavenging activities. Methods: Proximate analysis of the apple peels powder was carried out. Total polyphenol content of apple peel powder was determined. The total content of phenolic compounds was expressed as gallic acid equivalent, i.e. mg GAE/100g of extract dry weight of sample. Results: The results of physicochemical characteristics moisture (7.65±0.88%), ash (2.50±0.35%), fat (1.18±0.02%), fiber (15.25±1.03%), protein (2.79±0.05%), carbohydrates (71.0±2.30%) and energy were 312±4.70 Kcal/100g. The total phenolic contents in the methanolic extract of apple peel powder were 320±5.4 mg GAE/100g while in H2O extract 201±4.20 mg/100g. The findings of the apple peel powder's methanolic extract's capacity to scavenge free radicals varied from 25.40±1.30—69.2±3.80%, while those of the water extract were 14.30±1.05—45.62±1.90%  and BHT were 17.8±1.15—51.62±2.15%  at concentration 20-100 µg/ml. Conclusions: The outcomes showed that both apple peel powder extracts had promising total polyphenols and have strong free radical scavenging activity. These findings suggest that the apple peel powder act as robust naturally occurring antioxidants and may be employed as a preventative therapy for several oxidative stress-related degenerative disorders.
Effect of pH and Different Fermentation Time Intervals on the Production of Single Cell Proteins (SCPs) from Potato Peels
Authors: Nadeem Hira
Published: March 2023

Dried cells of microorganisms such as fungi, algae, and bacteria, known as Single-Cell Proteins (SCPs), are utilized as a source of protein supplements in animal feed or human food. These SCPs can be produced through the use of low-cost feedstocks and waste materials as sources of carbon and energy, which can be converted into biomass and concentrated proteins. Objective: To optimize the yield and growth of dry cell biomass through the manipulation of fermentation conditions. Methods: A batch fermentation process was used to produce dry cell biomass from a microorganism. Different pH values, fermentation times, and reactor configurations were tested, and the resulting biomass was analyzed for its protein content. Results: The maximum yield of dry cell biomass was achieved at pH 4.5, with a yield of 1.951 g/100 ml. The maximum dry biomass was achieved after 72 hours of fermentation, with a yield of 2.824 g/100 ml. The maximum yield of dry biomass was achieved with an Airlift fermenter at an aeration rate of 1.0 vvm and a temperature of 35°C for 72 hours, resulting in a yield of 5.452 g/L. The protein content of the dried cell biomass was found to be in the range of 45-55%. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the yield and growth of dry cell biomass can be optimized by controlling the fermentation conditions, specifically pH, fermentation time, and reactor configuration. These findings may have implications for the industrial-scale production of dry cell biomass, as they offer insight into how to maximize yield and protein content.
Incidence of the Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Hussain Laghari Arshad , Ali Abbasi Majid , Hussain Samoo Akhtar , Muhammad Khuhawar Shafi , Hussain Memon Nazakat , Kumar Ajeet , Sarki Naila
Published: March 2023

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major public health problem and leading cause of death globally. COPD fails to receive adequate attention from the health care community and government officials, with these concerns in mind we designed our study. Objective: To find out the incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients with COPD. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 12th February 2019 to August, 2020 at the Department of Pulmonology, Ghulam Muhammad Maher Medical College teaching Hospital, Sukkur. N=150 patients with chronic obstructive lung disease were involved in this study. The Criterion for the selection of patients for the study was those patients who was a diagnosed case of COPD. The exclusion criteria were known asthmatic patients and the case of restrictive lung diseases; history of ischemic heart disease, already on cardiac medication, patients with hyperthyroidism whereas the percentages, mean and Standard deviation were computed for study variables. Results: During One year and six months phase, patients who had COPD for > 3-Year duration were explored and study. The mean, SD for age (years) of citizens of Sindh Rural and Urban was 59.52 ± 7.81. Regarding gender, male 64 % and female 36 % individuals whereas the Atrial Fibrillation (AF) was identified in 62 % patients of COPD. Conclusions: High risk of AF has been identified among the COPD patients in Pakistani Populace. Hypertension and CHF among the COPD patients were notable as self-sufficient hazard features for new beginning of AF.
Medical and Dental Faculty’s Attitude towards E-Learning as the Mode of Teaching during Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Wahad Khan Mahvish , Ibrahim Saira , Zaigham Abdul Mueed , Inayat Naveed , Tirmazi Sobia Masood , Munir Nadia
Published: March 2023

The use of modern technology infrastructure is regarded as critical for the successful adoption of innovative teaching approaches. Objective: To determine the attitudes and concerns of medical and dental faculty about the use of E-learning as a medium of instruction during the Covid-19 outbreak. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 368 faculty members from Medical and Dental Colleges of Punjab province was conducted utilizing a questionnaire developed following a thorough literature review and analysis of questionnaires from previous studies. A 5-point Likert scale was used to record knowledge, attitude, and practice, and the questionnaires were graded. SPSS version 22 was used to enter the data. The mean and SD of quantitative variables such as age and total score for knowledge, attitude, and practice score was calculated. Gender, education level, knowledge, attitude, and practice were all represented as frequency (%). Results: Zoom was shown to be the most commonly utilized software (69.0%). E-learning was deemed a beneficial tool in medical education by 56% of the respondents. An equal percentage of individuals (35%) agreed and disapproved the use of E-learning approaches over traditional ones. Only 30% participants resisted the change from traditional educational methods. Technological infrastructure was considered crucial for successful implementation of E-learning by 46% of the participants. Conclusion: Faculty members are using the available infrastructure to implement E-learning teaching modalities to the best of their knowledge and abilities.
Frequency of Benign Lesions in Radiologically Presumed Renal Cell Carcinoma Taking Histopathology as Gold Standard
Authors: Khan Ayesha , Shahzad Hassan Asad , Akhtar Naseem , Ali Rashid , Mohsin Rehan , Hashmi Altaf , Mughal Nazish
Published: March 2023

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) comprises for between 90-95% of renal neoplasms in adults and about 3% of all malignancies overall. Objective: To ascertain the prevalence of benign lesions in radiologically presumed renal cell carcinoma ≤ 7 cm, using histology as the gold standard Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was undertaken at the department of urology. A total number of 131 patients who were diagnosed possibly as RCC on CT scan. Demographic characteristics (age and gender), size of renal mass both pre-operatively and per-operatively were noted. After nephrectomy, the specimen was sent to histopathology laboratory for confirmation of diagnosis. Histopathology reports were analyzed post operatively and frequency of benign lesions in radiologically presumed RCC was determined. Results: Mean age of patients included in this study was 52.02±13.18 years. Mean size of mass pre-operatively was 4.89±1.47 cm. Mean size of mass per-operatively was 5.07±1.44 cm. There were 87 (66.41%) male and 44 (33.59%) female patients. Incidental diagnosis was made in 25 (19.08%) patients. Symptomatic predisposition was found in 107 (81.68%) patients. Partial nephrectomy was performed in 59 (45.04%) and radical nephrectomy was performed in 72 (54.96%) patients. Malignancy was diagnosed in 109 (83.21%) patients and benign lesions were diagnosed in 22 (16.79%) patients on histopathology reporting. Conclusion: The frequency of benign lesions in radiologically presumed renal cell masses in our study is 16.8%. The findings of this study may assist urologist in advising patients who have small renal masses and choosing the best course of action
Comparison of Outcome in Immediate Vs Delayed Management in Patients with Gunshot Injuries to Face, A Prospective Study
Authors: Waqas Ahmed Hafiz , Ahmed Warriach Riaz , Ghulam Hussain Muhammad , Zuberi Shoaib , Sadaqat Huma , Rais Ayesha , Shahbaz Farheen
Published: March 2023

Facial injuries due to gunshot often comprise on bone and tissue destruction. The destruction or injury to facial muscle and bone depend on the category of weapon used. Surgical intervention must be done, but the timing for the surgical procedure delayed verses immediate closure surgeries are controversial. Objective: To compare the outcome of immediate and delayed closure of the facial injuries by a gunshot. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study consisting of 60 patients getting their treatment in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mayo hospital, Lahore. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 20.0. Chi-square test was used to compare the results with p-value ≤ 0.05 as significant. Results: Age group on average was 21 to 60 years. Out of these 60 gunshot facial injury patients, 52 (86.7%) were males and 8 (13.3%) were females. Among these, patients managed with immediate closure after gunshot injuries were 44 (73.3%) and 16 (26.7%) were managed with delayed closure. Wound infection and wound dehiscence were compared in both groups. The mean wound defect size was found among patients 3.98 ± 1.30cm. On comparison, statistically significant difference was observed for wound infection and wound dehiscence among both immediate versus delayed groups (p-value < 0.05). Conclusions: In this study, we found that early management is better in terms of lower percentage of wound infection and dehiscence.
Frequency of Ventricular Tachycardia in First 48 Hours of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ahmad Khan Zahoor , Ali Khan Kashif , Asghar Khan Muhammad , Aslam Awan Zahid
Published: March 2023

ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has a poor long-term prognosis associated with early ventricular tachycardia (VT). Objective: To find out the frequency of ventricular tachycardia in the first 48 hours of ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Methods: After approval from the Hospital ethical committee, the study was conducted in the department of cardiology Hayatabad medical complex Peshawar from 1st October 2020 to 31st March 2021. All the patients having new onset ST-elevation Myocardial infarction as per Operational definition, both genders, aged between 40 and 75 years and who have given consent were included in the study.  Non-probability consecutive sampling technique is being used for the sampling. Results: Standard deviation was ±1.357 years, while the average age was 51.56. Gender-wise distribution among patients male was 89(53.6%) and female was 77(46.4%). Distribution of duration of disease among patients 12-24 hours 80(48.2%) and more than 24 hours 86(51.8%) was 100(52.4%). Family History of coronary artery disease (CAD) 84(50.6%), diabetes mellitus 93(56.0%), hypertension 110(66.3%) and smoking status was 118(71.1%). Distribution of ventricular tachycardia was present among 103(62.0%) patients and was absent in 63(38.0%) patients. Conclusions: Ventricular tachycardia is the most common tachycardia occurring in patients in the first 48 hours who sustained myocardial infarction. It was shown that bradyarrhythmia was more common in patients with inferior wall myocardial infarction while ventricular tachycardia was found to be more in patients with anterior wall myocardial infarction.
Experiences Of Nurses Attended Covid-19 Pandemic Patients During 2020, In Public Tertiary Care Hospitals
Authors: Faiz Muhammad  , Khanum Sabiha , Naz Sehrish , Naz Najma , Asghar khan  , Ullah Shakir
Published: March 2023

Hospitals are often the epicenter of newly circulating infections, consequently health workers are at high risk to obtain irresistible infections. Nurses are viewed as among the first to contact patients with arising diseases. Nurses with no prior experience with such contagious diseases were recruited who provided care to patients with COVID 19 in this pandemic. Objective: To investigate the experiences of nurses who have attended covid 19 pandemic patients during 2020. Methods: A qualitative study with thematic analysis was conducted, using a phenomenological approach. A total of 12 nurses have joined in-depth, semi-structured interviews, from three COVID-19-designated hospitals in the capital city of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, using purposive sampling technique. Face to face interviews were conducted and their observations were recorded. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed. Results: Five major themes emerged from data analysis that included Nosophobia, Scarcity of Resources, First Line Warriors, Environmental/Physical Problems and Perceived super spreaders. Nurses identified many sources of social support during pandemic situation. Participants expressed and considered high work load, anxiety and fear and concern for patients and family members as negative emotions in early stage of pandemic crises. Conclusions: The exhaustive work drained nurses physically and emotionally. Nurses should be given a comprehensive assistance and support in protecting themselves while they have showed their strength and spirit of professional dedication to defeat hurdles and challenges, they have faced. Consistent training for nurses is important to advance preparedness and viability in future crisis management.
Psychological Effects of Covid-19 Care; A Qualitative Study of Health Care Workers in Punjab Pakistan
Authors: Talat Afsheen , Ellahi Khan Shaheer , Ellahi Khan Khurram
Published: March 2023

The pandemic has caused severe psychological distress among Healthcare Workers. They were readily exposed to extreme workloads and physical and emotional turbulence throughout the pandemic which impacted them on both professional and personal fronts. Objectives: To explore the adverse impacts of Covid-19 on the mental health of the Healthcare Workers while delving into the relationship between occupational stress, communal norms, and mental health outcomes. Methods: It utilizes content gathered through observation and in-depth interviews of the frontline Healthcare Workers (n=32) that included doctors (n=14), nurses (n=12), and domestic staff (n=6) working in three COVID-19 treatment centers made in three major cities of Punjab, Pakistan, (Lahore, Faisalabad, and Sialkot) during Covid-19. Results: The results were divided into two themes followed by their sub-themes based on the results gathered through data collection tools. The themes were analyzed using the transactional model of stress and coping. The results reveal that the psychological distress faced by HCWs is directly related to occupational stress such as extreme workload/demand, while other challenges include fighting the community-imposed stigmas against the pandemic and social isolation. Conclusions: Psychological distress is a raising concern; current evidence reveals that low- and moderate-income communities, particularly in South Asian nations, have little or no understanding of workplace stress and its repercussions. Therefore, this study investigated Healthcare Workers’ perspectives on mental health concerning the pandemic.
Motivation and Its Impact on Employee Performance
Authors: Basu Sourav
Published: March 2023

For many businesses, motivation is a crucial problem that may aid in the development of both individuals and organizations. The motivation of the workforce has always been and always will be a crucial factor in attaining success and the goals of a firm. The present study has been carried out to find out the impact of motivation on employee performance and to study the types of motivation given to the employees. For this purpose, the researcher has selected 25 private employees following the random sampling method. A four-point likert scale was used to evaluate the results of each question that the respondent responded in the questionnaire and interview that were used to gather the data. The data were tabulated and cross tabulated using SPSS statistical software. Findings of the study indicate that motivation, which may be either monetary or non-monetary, is a key factor in any organization’s performance and there is significant relationship between the motivation and the performance of the employees. The study’s conclusions showed that motivation increases organizational productivity in addition to raising staff morale.
Relational Frame Theory (RFT): An Empirical Approach to Language and Cognition
Authors: lu Merve , Yavuz Kaas
Published: March 2023

The effort of understanding human language and cognition, which distinguishes humans from other organisms and provides them with the opportunities they have on earth, dates back to ancient times. In line with this effort a theory of language and cognition, which is fairly comprehensive and has empirical support, has been developed based on a functional contextualistic view in the last century. This theory, called Relational Frame Theory (RFT), considers language as a verbal behavior and argues that the basis of human language and cognition is the behavior known as Arbitrarily Applicable Relational Responding (AARR). This behavior includes responding based on arbitrary relations independent of the non-arbitrary (physical) relations between stimuli, established by social whim and that do not make sense outside the social context in which they are located. AARR is characterized by three core properties such as mutual entailment, combinatorial mutual entailment and transformation of stimulus functions, and this behavior itself needs to be learned.
This review aims to explain RFT, a very complex theory, in a comprehensive and understandable way. The historical process that brought about RFT will be mentioned, the basic principles and concepts of it will be explained, and the contributions of this theory to the understanding of complex human behaviors and its approach to psychopathology will be discussed.
The Cyber Security Incident Response and Reverse Engineering
Authors: Taseer Suleman  , Nadia Liaquat
Published: March 2023

Although incident response has always been a crucial component of information security, security administrators frequently ignore it. Whereas, Reverse engineering focuses on the difficult issue of analyzing legacy software code in the absence of appropriate documentation. This paper proposes an approach to understanding cyber security Incident Response and the services it provides followed by Reverse Engineering resources and the practical analysis of a malware named “Alice ATM Malware” in detail.
The Role of Analytical Techniques in Crime Investigation
Authors: Asif Ibrahim  , Syed Khurram Hassan
Published: March 2023

Forensic science is becoming a growing discipline in crime scene investigation. The field of rhetorical science has recently undergone an intriguing evolution and significantly raised its public visibility. Advances in science and technology, increased dependence on law enforcement and court systems science, and media exposure have all contributed to the importance of forensics. Several completely unrelated fields have been associated with the name "forensics". Among the topics that commonly make headlines are acts of terrorism, a rise in gun ownership, drug misuse, and driving while under the influence of narcotics. The forensic scientist must rely on chemical analysis of trace amounts of materials such as drugs, explosives, discharge residues, toxicological specimens, paints, glass, fibers, soil, etc. to establish or rule out links between suspect and victim and scene in the absence of fingermarks and of material that could lead to the recovery of DNA. This instructional overview outlines the analytical issues that forensic chemists must deal with, as well as the current approaches and strategies used to solve them.