bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcription for a synth keyboard (the case study of the work of A. Artemiev, V.Martynov, Yu. Bogdanov - the disc “Metamorphoses”)
Authors: Fatianova Elena Alekseevna
Published: December 2021

The author analyzes the experience of transcription of the compositions of J. Bull, C. Monteverdi, J. Bach, C. Debussy and S. Prokofiev for a synth keyboard Synthi 100 done by the Russian composers A. Artemiev, V. Martynov, Yu. Bogdanov in 1980, and released on the disc “Metamorphoses”. The author also considers the composers’ range of artistic tasks and sound solutions and the variants of work with the texture of the original compositions. The electronic interpretations, contained in the “Metamorphoses”, not only demonstrate the examples of transcribing the original text for a synth keyboard, but also illustrate the 4 criteria of electronic music formulated by K. Stockhausen: unified temporal structuring (a common temporal field), the disintegration of sound, a multidimensional spatial composition, and the equality of the tone and the noise.  In spite of the fact that the transcription of classical music pieces for a synth keyboard was carried out by the Russian composers several decades ago, this experience hasn’t been studied yet. Probably, it is explained by the fact that the analysis and description of electronic music using traditional means is complicated, since the material under study is not noted: all transformations carried out by the interpreter are fixed only in the audiorecord.  The analysis of transcriptions is complicated by the fact that electronic instruments are regularly upgraded and transformed, and therefore their artistic capacity is increased. The change of instruments caused the transformation of approach to music art. The article analyzes the transformation of the author’s text, the transformation of a piano texture into the electronic score, and the role of the arranger as a co-author of the composition.  
Settlement dynamics and development of transport communications in Southern Yakutia in late the XX – early XXI centuries
Authors: Fedorova Alla Semenovna , Savvinova Antonina Nikolaevna , Filippova Viktoriya Viktorovna , Itegelova Anna Petrovna , Kuklina Maria Vladimirovna
Published: December 2021

This article examines the settlement dynamics in relation to the development of transport communications using the statistical, comparative geographical, and cartographic methods. A brief characteristics is given to the system of displacement of population of Southern Yakutia in the late XX – early XXI centuries. The analysis employs the materials of the population censuses of 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989, 2002, and 2010, which allows compiling the population maps that reveal the peculiarities of settlement network, their population density and structure. Spatial representation of the data is presented on the example of population displacement maps and development of transport communications in Southern Yakutia as of 1959 and 2010. Comparative analysis maps of different periods demonstrates a three-fold decrease in the number of settlements in Southern Yakutia during the intercensal period (1959–2010) due to liquidation of unpromising villages and change of nomadic lifestyle of the indigenous population to sedentary life in larger rural settlements during the period of Soviet administrative reforms of the late XX century. The emergence of new transport communications is associated with active industrial development of Southern Yakutia; however the territories were affected unevenly. It is established that spatial peculiarities of population displacement in Southern Yakutia in the late XX – early XXI centuries have remained, although the settlement areas of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North- the Evenks – have decreased. The study of transport communications on the maps of different periods revealed the dynamics of their development in different historical periods, determining the historical roads, abandoned transport routes, emergence of new types and categories of communication lines, including the network of technological roads of industrial companies used for infrastructure maintenance.
The instruments for combating shadow economy in the Russian Federation
Authors: Ermakova Eka
Published: December 2021

This article substantiates the need for the development and application of the additional instruments for combating shadow economy in the Russian Federation. The object of this research is the measures for combating shadow economy, while the subject is the related punitive and preventive instruments. The research methodology employs the general scientific methods (scientific abstraction, unity of historical and logical, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison and analogy); systemic and comprehensive approach; official statistical data, normative legal acts, works of the leading researchers dedicated to the problems of expansion of shadow economy, computer-based legal research systems Garant and ConsultantPlus. The study of the normative legal framework and scientific writings of the leading scholars, as well as the analysis of practical experience of the Russian Federation in combating shadow economy allowed making the following conclusions: the effective system of combating shadow economic processes should be built on all levels of governance: micro, meso and macro; at the same time, each of these levels should be able to apply both punitive and preventive instruments that encourage the actors to engage in legal activity. In recent years, Russia largely implements preventive methods for combating shadow economy. However, the rate of shadow economy in the country remains high (33% of GDP), which thwarts the economic development.
The impact of distancing upon the organizational-legal means of the Russian judicial system
Authors: Makarov Vladislav Olegovich
Published: December 2021

This article examines the impact of the need for maintaining physical and social distancing between people caused by the epidemiological situation upon the organizational-legal means of the Russian judicial system. This implies the concept of “smart” regulation with the use of both traditional means of legal regulation (prohibitions, permits, obligations, sanctions, incentives) and tools of psychological, educational, and information influence. At the same time, distancing is viewed as a factor that prompts changes in the forms of legal activity, as well as the result of transformations taking place in society. Such organizational-legal means affected by the need for physical and social distancing, suggest using video conferencing systems, online sessions, change in the procedure for submitting procedural and other documents, familiarization with audio protocols of court hearing and other documents in digital format, as well as restrictions for presence in the courthouse. The author determines the advantages and disadvantages of the innovations. The conclusion is made that such restrictions must be temporary only to avoid violating the principles of transparency and openness of judicial proceedings.
Development of the structure of information system for supporting the activity of nonprofit horticultural partnerships
Authors: Sviridova Ol'ga Viktorovna , Rybanov Aleksandr Aleksandrovich , Filippova Evgeniya Mikhailovna
Published: December 2021

The developed automated system of information support for nonprofit horticultural partnerships (NHP) is intended for automation of management accounting of the economic activities of NHP. The effective management of the activity of nonprofit horticultural partnerships requires operating full, accurate, objective and timely economic information. This can be achieved through management accounting of the economic activity of NHP. The subject of this research is the methods of automation of control, monitoring and support of the establishment of management reporting of NHP. The object of this research is the information systems functioning within the “client-server” architecture. The research methods include the apparatus of relational algebra, theory of sets, optimization and mathematical statistics. It is noted that the activity of many NHP is carried out in the so-called “manual mode”, i.e. all necessary documents the employees fill by hand, and all calculations are by means of calculator. This substantiates the relevance of this research. Leaning on the conducted comparison of software products-analogues based the Saati method, the software “Info-Accountant for NHP” is chosen as a prototype. The author determines and describes the main algorithms of the developed system, the peculiarity of which is the formation of balance sheet and reports of its implementation, calculation of membership fees, introduction of the function of subsystem of NHP reference books(of the owners of land plots, streets, tariffs, expenditures, etc.). The output data is provided in form of a chart on the display form of the report subsystem. The scientific novelty lies in the suggested approach towards automation of accounting:  development of the forecast for pumping up the budget based on the previous periods.
Design of K-W-NET model of turbulence based on K-W/V2-F models with the neural network component
Authors: Pekunov Vladimir Viktorovich
Published: December 2021

The subject of this article is the models of turbulence based on introduction of neural network components into the widespread standard semi-empirical models. It is stated that such technique allows achieving significant acceleration of calculation while maintaining sufficient accuracy and stability, by training neural network components based on the data acquires with the use of fairly accurate and advanced models, as well as replacing and complementing separate fragments of the initial models with such components. An overview is give on the existing classical approaches towards modeling of turbulence, which allows determining the V2-F model suggested by Durbin as one of the most advanced, and thereby promising, with regards to subsequent neural network modifications. The author offers the new model of turbulence based on K-W models paired with a neural network component trained in accordance with the V2-F Durbin model. All necessary ratios are provided. The properties of the obtained model are examined in terms of the numerical experiment on the flow over of a single obstacle. The results are compared with data acquired from other semi-empirical models (K-E, K-W), as well as via direct neural network model. It is demonstrated that the proposed model, with less computational labor output in comparison with other models (excluding direct neural network, which, however, is less accurate), provides high precision close to precision of the Durbin model.
Detection and interpretation of erroneous data in statistical analysis of consumption of energy resources
Authors: Makarova Irina Leonidovna , Ignatenko Anna Mikhailovna , Kopyrin Andrey Sergeevich
Published: December 2021

Monitoring and analysis of consumption of energy resources in various contexts, as well as measuring of parameters (indicators) in time are of utmost importance for the modern economy. This work is dedicated to examination and interpretation of the anomalies of collecting data on consumption of energy resources (on the example of gas consumption) in the municipal formation. Gas consumption is important for the socioeconomic sphere of cities. Unauthorized connections are the key reason for non-technological waste of the resource. The traditional methods of detection of stealing of gas are ineffective and time-consuming. The modern technologies of data analysis would allow detecting and interpreting the anomalies of consumption, as well as forming the lists for checking the objects for unauthorized connections. The author’s special contribution lies in application of the set of statistical methods aimed at processing and identification of anomalies in energy consumption of a municipal formation. It is worth noting that the use of such technologies requires the development of effective algorithms and implementation of automation and machine learning algorithms. The new perspective upon time-series data facilitates identification of anomalies, optimization of decision-making, etc. These processes can be automated. The presented methodology tested on time-series data that describes the consumption of gas can be used for a broader range of tasks. The research can be combined with the methods of knowledge discovery and deep learning algorithms.
Tracce dell’organizzazione di una figlina imperiale a Mursa
Authors: Vitelli Casella Mattia
Published: December 2021

This article aims at investigating the administration, the economic activities and the evolution of an imperial estate epigraphically attested in ancient Mursa, in Pannonia inferior, along the Drava river. Particularly, there are evidences of imperial slaves engaged in business management as well as many stamped bricks with different inscriptions. By matching these two types of epigraphs, it can be sketched that the property began its activities between the 1st and 2nd century AD, reached its maximum bricks production under Hadrian, in connection with the establishment of the colony, and went on until a sudden stop due to the Marcomannic invasion. Now, we are quite sure that the production resumed under the Severian dynasty, even if we do not know for how long it continued in the 3rd century, as is the case of neighboring provinces.
A Prospective Interventional Study of Xanthelasma Palpebrarum Treated with Ultrapulse Carbon Dioxide Laser
Authors: Ramteke Manjeet Naresh , Khemani Usha Naraindas
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Xanthelasma palpebrarum (XP) is the most common of all the xanthomas which presents as asymptomatic, often bilateral, soft, yellow, papules and plaques around the eyelids. Although, the lesions are benign, it is aesthetically upsetting. The surgical laser is the most effective treatment modality to this problem. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ultrapulse Carbon dioxide (CO2) laser in XP in Indian patients. Materials and Methods: It is a prospective, interventional study carried out for two years in which 29 patients with 61 XP lesions were part of the study. Ultrapulse CO2 (Fraxis Duo laser; 10,600 nm) laser treatment was done in every patient for a single sitting. Statistical significance was calculated using Chi-square test using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19.0. The p-value of 0.001 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total number of 29 patients with 61 xanthelasma lesions were included in the study, of which 11 were males and 18 were females with an age range of 27-54 years. In the present study XP lesions were completely resolved in majority (54 lesions in 25 patients) of treated patients. No intraoperative complications were observed. Two patients showed hypopigmentation. There was neither scarring nor recurrence seen after six months follow-up. Conclusion: Ultrapulse CO2 laser is a safe and effective option of treatment for xanthelasma. It is considered as less painful procedure with fewer side effects and recurrences in the present study.
A Comparative Assessment on Antioxidant and Phytochemical of Trichilia monadelpha (Thonn) J.J. De Wilde (Meliaceae) Plant Extracts
Authors: Clark P. D. , Omo-Udoyo E.
Published: December 2021

This study was designed to evaluate the phytochemical screening and antioxidant activities of Trichilia monadelpha plant extracts. The leaves were extracted using two different solvents namely-(n-hexane and methanol).  The dry or wet yield of n-hexane extract was 1.3%, while methanolic extract exhibited a percentage yield of 3.7 %.  Phytochemical research revealed the presence of secondary plant metabolites such as; alkaloids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids and saponins. In-vitro antioxidant activity was determined using three assays (DPPH free radical scavenging assay, reducing ability and hydroxy radical scavenging activity) with four concentrations (0.25, 5.0, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L), vitamin C was also used as a standard antioxidant.

The percentage of inhibition was measured, and the results from all assay models showed a concentration-dependent percentage of inhibition by the methanol extract. However, the percentage values for the 2,2, -diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), reducing ability and hydroxy radical scavenging activity assays of T. monadelpha leaf was lower than that of standard vitamin C. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient was evaluated and the results showed that of the two extracts, the methanolic extract had the most antioxidant activity with the methanol extract exhibiting a better significant correlation that had a similar trend to that of the antioxidant compound (vitamin C). The results of this study have shown that the plant Trichilia monodelpha contains bioactive compounds which may have contributed to its antioxidant properties.
Effect of Locally Available Wheat Straw Ash in Developing High Strength Concrete
Authors: Armaghan Siffat Muhammad , Ishfaq Muhammad , Ahmad Afaq , Rehman Khalil Ur , Ahmad Fawad
Published: December 2021

This study is supervised to assess the characteristics of the locally available wheat straw ash (WSA) to consume as a substitute to the cement and support in enhancing the mechanical properties of concrete. Initially, after incineration at optimum temperature of 800°C for 0.5, the ash of wheat straw was made up to the desirable level of fineness by passing through it to the several grinding cycles. Subsequently, the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) along with X-ray diffraction (XRD) testing conducted on ash of wheat straw for the evaluation its pozzolanic potential. Finally, the specimens of concrete were made by consuming 10% and 20% percentages of wheat straw ash as a replacement in concrete to conclude its impact on the compressive strength of high strength concrete. The cylinders of steel of dimensions 10cm diameter x 20cm depth were acquired to evaluate the compressive strength of high strength concrete. The relative outcomes of cylinders made of wheat straw ash substitution presented the slight increase in strength values of the concrete. Ultimately, the C-100 blends and WSA aided cement blends were inspected for the rheology of WSA through FTIR spectroscopy along with Thermogravimetric technique. The conclusions authenticate the WSA potential to replace cement in the manufacturing of the high strength concrete.
Em direção aos espaços abertos
Authors: Vieira Leandro Pessoa
Published: December 2021

Transpassando vida, Geografia e ar livre, neste artigo, busco uma hermenêutica dos espaços abertos. Posicionando Geografia, antropologia e fenomenologia em relação, objetivo o compromisso de aliar teoria à experiência para compreender o habitar urbano contemporâneo dos espaços abertos. Com Ingold (2015), adenso a noção de ar livre em direção ao habitar a cidade. No uníssono da experiência, imaginação e fantasia, projeto a abertura desses espaços como possibilidade, como abrimento para o ser e para os entes, para a multiplicidade da existência. Sabendo que o processo de habitar a cidade sempre esteve intimamente vinculado a um dos inúmeros modos de habitar a Terra, é possível afirmar que a cidade não é negação da natureza. Em sentido radicalmente inverso, a cidade é, acima de tudo, emergência da terra que somos, sobretudo quando vivida nos espaços abertos. Na abertura para a liberdade do encontro com o imprevisto, com o inesperado, com os seres e com os entes, o ar livre é a passagem para a contemplação, a celebração, o cuidado e a atenção para a experiência urbana da alteridade.
Perfil das vítimas de crimes violentos letais intencionais no Maranhão
Authors: Gonzaga Masullo Yata Anderson , Serra Maciel Dayana , Gonçalves dos Santos Izani
Published: December 2021

O presente estudo de caráter exploratório tem como objetivo analisar o perfil das vítimas dos crimes violentos letais no Maranhão. Para alcance do objetivo proposto, foram necessários o levantamento bibliográfico referente aos temas relacionados à pesquisa: violência; consequências da violência; criminalidade; vitimologia; perfis das vítimas, em escala nacional e internacional, disponibilizados nas plataformas digitais. A pesquisa utilizou como base de referência dados oriundos do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade - SIM e da Secretaria de Segurança Pública - SSP/MA, correspondentes ao período de 2015 a 2019. O Maranhão apresentou maior incidência de crimes violentos letais nos municípios que compõem as mesorregiões Norte, Centro e Leste Maranhense, seguindo um perfil de vítimas jovens, pretos e pardos, do sexo masculino e com ensino fundamental, como principal alvo da violência, não se diferenciando das características do perfil das vítimas no Brasil.
Estruturação da cidade e incorporação urbana
Authors: Cocato Guilherme Pereira
Published: December 2021

Este trabalho tem como finalidade demonstrar as relações entre os processos de produção urbana, estruturação da cidade e os circuitos de incorporação fundiária sob a égide do modo de produção capitalista. A crescente mercantilização das esferas da produção espacial e da reprodução social faz com que todos os processos atuantes no espaço urbano sejam regidos pela ideologia do crescimento e da acumulação expansiva. Nesse sentido, o próprio movimento de expansão físico-territorial da cidade, tomado como um dos fatores de sua estruturação, é percebido como integrante dessa lógica. Como componente básico da constituição urbana, a análise das formas espaciais pode auxiliar na compreensão da dinâmica capitalista de estruturação da cidade a partir da incorporação fundiária e da expansão territorial. Visando dar materialidade à discussão, aplica-se uma proposta de estudo na cidade de Londrina-PR. Para isso, além de pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o recorte espacial e contribuições do aporte teórico considerado adequado para a temática, utilizam-se dados censitários de edificações em construção no município, provenientes do Cadastro Nacional de Endereços para Fins Estatísticos (CNEFE), e elaborações cartográficas que melhor representam a distribuição espacial destes e outros elementos. Finalmente, pretende-se colaborar com os estudos urbanos brasileiros em uma perspectiva geográfica e, eminentemente, crítica.
Biodegradable Metal–Organic‐Framework‐Gated Organosilica for Tumor‐Microenvironment‐Unlocked Glutathione‐Depletion‐Enhanced Synergistic Therapy
Authors: Ma Yuanyuan , Su Zheng , Zhou Liming , He Liangcan , Hou Zhenyu , Zou Jianhua , Cai Yu , Chang Di , Xie Jinbing , Zhu Chen , Fan Wenpei , Chen Xiaoyuan , Ju Shenghong
Published: December 2021

The clinical employment of cisplatin (cis‐diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP)) is largely constrained due to the non‐specific delivery and resultant serious systemic toxicity. Small‐sized biocompatible and biodegradable hollow mesoporous organosilica (HMOS) nanoparticles show superior advantages for targeted CDDP delivery but suffer from premature CDDP leakage. Herein, the smart use of a bimetallic Zn2+/Cu2+ co‐doped metal–organic framework (MOF) is made to block the pores of HMOS for preventing potential leakage of CDDP and remarkably increasing the loading capacity of HMOS. Once reaching the acidic tumor microenvironment (TME), the outer MOF can decompose quickly to release CDDP for chemotherapy against cancer. Besides, the concomitant release of dopant Cu2+ can deplete the intracellular glutathione (GSH) for increased toxicity of CDDP as well as catalyzing the decomposition of intratumoral H2O2 into highly toxic •OH for chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Moreover, the substantially reduced GSH can also protect the yielded •OH from scavenging and thus greatly improve the •OH‐based CDT effect. In addition to providing a hybrid HMOS@MOF nanocarrier, this study is also expected to establish a new form of TME‐unlocked nanoformula for highly efficient tumor‐specific GSH‐depletion‐enhanced synergistic chemotherapy/chemodynamic therapy.
Boosting Charge Transport in BiVO4 Photoanode for Solar Water Oxidation
Authors: Lu Yuan , Yang Yilong , Fan Xinyi , Li Yiqun , Zhou Dinghua , Cai Bo , Wang Luyang , Fan Ke , Zhang Kan
Published: December 2021

The ability to regulate charge separation is pivotal for obtaining high efficiency of any photoelectrode used for solar fuel production. Vacancy engineering for metal oxide semiconductor photoelectrode is a major strategy but has faced a formidable challenge in bulk charge transport because of the elusive charge self‐trapping site. In this work, a new deep eutectic solvent to engineer bismuth vacancies (Bivac) of BiVO4 photoanode is reported; the novel Bivac can remarkably increase the charge diffusion coefficient by 5.8 times (from 1.82 × 10−7 to 1.06 × 10−6 cm2 s−1), which boosts the charge transport efficiency. Through further loading CoBi cocatalyst to enhance charge transfer efficiency, the photocurrent density of BiVO4 photoanode with optimal Bivac concentration reaches 4.5 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode under AM 1.5 G illumination, which is higher than that of previously reported Ovac engineered BiVO4 photoanode where the BiVO4 photoanode is synthesized by a similar procedure. This work perfects a cation defect engineering that enables the potential capability to equate the charge transport properties in different types of semiconductor materials for solar fuel conversion.
Endogenous Electric‐Field‐Coupled Electrospun Short Fiber via Collecting Wound Exudation
Authors: Wang Juan , Lin Jiawei , Chen Liang , Deng Lianfu , Cui Wenguo
Published: December 2021

Endogenous electric fields (EF) are the basis of bioelectric signal conduction and the priority signal for damaged tissue regeneration. Tissue exudation directly affects the characteristics of endogenous EF. However, current biomaterials lead to passive repair of defect tissue due to limited management of early wound exudates and inability to actively respond to coupled endogenous EF. Herein, the 3D bionic short‐fiber scaffold with the functions of early biofluid collection, response to coupled endogenous EF, is constructed by guiding the short fibers into a 3D network structure and subsequent multifunctional modification. The scaffold exhibits rapid reversible water absorption, reaching maximum after only 30 s. The stable and uniform distribution of polydopamine‐reduced graphene oxide endows the scaffold with stable electrical and mechanical performances even after long‐term immersion. Due to its unique ‐ bionic structure and tissue affinity, the scaffold further acts as an “electronic skin,” which transmits endogenous bioelectricity via absorbing wound exudates, promoting the treatment of diabetic wounds. Furthermore, under the endogenous EF, the cascade release of vascular endothelial growth factor accelerates the healing process. Thus, the versatile scaffold is expected to be an ideal candidate for repairing different defect tissues, especially electrosensitive tissues.
Recent Developments of Superhydrophobic Surfaces (SHS) for Underwater Drag Reduction Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Feng Xiaoming , Sun Pengfei , Tian Guizhong
Published: December 2021

Superhydrophobic surfaces (SHS) for underwater drag reduction draw more and more attention owing to its promising and wide applications such as underwater vehicles, pipeline oil transportation, and aquaculture. However, the drag reduction properties are inextricably linked to the stability of air layer on SHS. This review highlights recent advances regarding SHS for underwater drag reduction in the past three years. First, the fundamental theories are briefly described. Next, the crucial influencing factors, which include dimension and arrangement of particles, layout, and shape of the microstructures, Reynolds number, and attack angle on underwater drag reducing performance of SHS are thoroughly listed. Furthermore, the superior or inferior of these manufacturing techniques is also individually illustrated. After that, the solutions of enhancing stability of the air layer are explicitly classified. Then, the practical applications and its potential value in ships and underwater vehicles, microchannels, as well as fabrics are briefly discussed. Finally, the remaining challenges and promising breakthroughs in the field of SHS for underwater drag reduction are clarified in depth.
Pressure Drop Measurements in Microfluidic Devices: A Review on the Accurate Quantification of Interfacial Slip
Authors: Vega‐Sánchez Christopher , Neto Chiara
Published: December 2021

The correct theoretical definition of boundary conditions of flow underpins all fluid dynamics studies, and is particularly important in situations in which the flow is confined on the nano‐ and micro‐scale. Microfluidic devices are an excellent platform to measure boundary flow conditions, and the pressure drop versus flow rate method is particularly useful in detecting evidence of microscale interfacial slip and drag reduction. This review focuses on the pressure drop method, identifying the main experimental parameters affecting the accuracy and reproducibility of microfluidic experiments of slip, quantifying the magnitude and source of common errors, and providing practical solutions and guidelines. A summary of literature results of interfacial slip obtained with pressure drop measurements in microfluidic devices is also provided, and the slip results are directly compared to expected slip models. This review serves as an introduction for new researchers moving into the field of interfacial slip, and as reminder for established researchers of the need to create highly controlled experimental procedures in order to obtain reproducible and reliable measurements of boundary flow conditions. A direct comparison of accurate experiments with theoretical models is bound to bring about clarity about the mechanisms of slip on smooth and structured surfaces.
Diblock and Random Antifouling Bioactive Polymer Brushes on Gold Surfaces by Visible‐Light‐Induced Polymerization (SI‐PET‐RAFT) in Water
Authors: Kuzmyn Andriy R. , Teunissen Lucas W. , Fritz Pina , van Lagen Barend , Smulders Maarten M. J. , Zuilhof Han
Published: December 2021

Surface‐initiated photoinduced electron‐transfer‐reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (SI‐PET‐RAFT) is, for the first time, used for the creation of antifouling polymer brushes on gold surfaces based on three monomers: oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (MeOEGMA), N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA), and carboxybetaine methacrylamide (CBMA). These coatings are subsequently characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ellipsometry. The living nature of this polymerization allows for the creation of random and diblock copolymer brushes, which are based on HPMA (superb antifouling) and CBMA (good antifouling and functionalizable via activated ester chemistry). The polymer brushes demonstrate good antifouling properties against undiluted human serum, as monitored by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM‐D) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy in real time. The amount of immobilization of bioactive moieties, here an antibody immobilized using N‐succinimidyl ester–1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (NHS–EDC) coupling, in the diblock and random copolymer brushes is monitored by SPR, and is analyzed with respect to the brush structure, and is shown to be superior in the diblock copolymer brush. This approach represents a scalable, robust, mild, oxygen‐tolerant, and heavy‐metal‐free route toward the production of antifouling and functional copolymer brushes (on gold surfaces) that open up applications in biosensing and tissue engineering.
Anion‐Decoordination Cell Formation Process Stabilizes Dual Electrodes for Long‐Life Quasi‐Solid‐State Lithium Metal Battery
Authors: Wang Hao‐Ran , Yang Ya‐Nan , Bai Fan , Zhang Tao
Published: December 2021

Compared with the complete replacement of liquid electrolytes by solid electrolytes, the hybrid quasi‐solid electrolyte (HQSE) has more practical application potential due to its high thermal stability and high ionic conductivity as well as good interface wettability. In this work, a HQSE film is prepared using the Li6.40La3Zr1.40Ta0.60O12 (LLZTO) nanoparticles localized composite liquid electrolyte (CLE) composed of TEGDME (0.5 m LiTFSI) organic electrolyte and Pyr14TFSI ionic liquid. The HQSE film exhibits high ionic conductivity of 1.77 × 10−3 S cm–1 and a high Li‐ion transference number of 0.56 at 25 °C. More importantly, a formation process is designed by utilizing the oxidative decomposition of the free TFSI– anions caused by the substitution of ion cluster Li(TFSI)n+1n− by Li(TEGDME)x+ in HQSE, achieving the in‐situ construction of the stable and complete cathode electrolyte interface and solid electrolyte interface in the cathode and anode simultaneously, and benefiting from the liquid electrolyte being confined to the surface of LLZTO particles, the HQSE film finally exhibits high stability to the dual electrodes, ensuring that the quasi‐solid‐state Li metal battery exhibits capacity retention of 80% after 1000 cycles at 0.2 C rate, and 90% after 500 cycles at 0.5 C rate.
Evaluations of S‐Metolachlor in flue‐cured tobacco weed management programs
Authors: Clapp Andrew M. , Vann Matthew C. , Cahoon Charles W. , Jordan David L. , Fisher Loren R. , Inman Matt D.
Published: December 2021

Effective weed control is critical to growth and development of flue‐cured tobacco; however, current herbicide options are limited in commercial production. Field experiments were conducted from 2017 to 2018 to evaluate S‐metolachlor for use in flue‐cured tobacco weed management programs. Treatments included 10 herbicide programs: pretransplanted incorporated (PTI) applications of S‐metolachlor (1.07 kg a.i. ha–1) alone or in various combinations with sulfentrazone (0.18 kg a.i. ha–1), clomazone (0.84 kg a.i. ha–1), and pendimethalin (0.79 kg a.i. ha–1). S‐metolachlor and pendimethalin were also applied posttransplanting directed to row middles (POST‐DIR) following PTI applications of sulfentrazone + clomazone. A single posttransplanting over‐the‐top (POST‐OT) application of S‐metolachlor and a non‐treated control were included for comparison. The inclusion of S‐metolachlor in PTI herbicide programs did not improve weed control beyond the combination of sulfentrazone + clomazone. However, weed control after final harvest was improved by 8%, when S‐metolachlor was applied POST‐DIR. S‐metolachlor applied POST‐OT caused injury to tobacco plants (12%), although symptoms were transient with less than 2% visual injury 6 wk after transplanting. Due to increased weed control through harvest and the low injury potential, our results suggest that POST‐DIR applications of S‐metolachlor are the best fit for flue‐cured tobacco production when used in conjunction with recommended PTI herbicide programs.
The incidence of cardiovascular thrombotic complications after laparoscopic resection in colorectal cancer in Japanese hospitals: A large‐scale clinical study
Authors: Ichikawa Nobuki , Homma Shigenori , Funakoshi Tohru , Obuchi Keisuke , Ohshima Takahiro , Uemura Kazuhito , Kon Hirofumi , Ohno Yosuke , Yokota Ryoichi , Taketomi Akinobu ,   Hokkaido Colorectal Surgical Research Group Collaborative
Published: December 2021

Aim

The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the incidence of cardiovascular thrombotic complications after laparoscopic resection in colorectal cancer.

Methods

This study involved 2017 patients with stages 0‐III colorectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic surgery at 17 Japanese hospitals between January 2010 and December 2013. We assessed the incidence of postoperative cardiovascular thrombotic and haemorrhagic complications.

Results

Laparoscopic surgeries were performed in 1152 men and 865 women with 1405 colon and 612 rectal cancers, respectively. Overall, 3%, 38%, 17%, 8%, and 9% of patients had comorbidities of heart failure, high blood pressure, diabetes, history of stroke, and vascular disease, respectively. Antithrombotic agents were being consumed by 17% of patients. The types (and perioperative rest periods) of the antithrombotic agents were aspirin in 58% (18.6 days), clopidogrel in 19% (21.1 days), cilostazol in 13% (13.3 days), and warfarin potassium in 21% (14.6 days) of cases with antithrombotic agents. Surgical time and blood loss in the total cohort were 234 minutes and 56 mL. Four cases (0.2%) had cardiovascular thrombotic complications, including one severe cardiac infarction and one stroke with major sequelae (CHADS2 scores were 2 points in both cases). Hemorrhagic complications occurred in 19 cases (0.9%). In particular, the incidence of the major gastroduodenal haemorrhagic ulcer was higher in cases with antithrombotic agents than without them (0.05% vs 0%, P = .02).

Conclusion

The incidence of cardiovascular thrombotic complications was rare, although severe cardiac infarction and stroke could occur even after minimally invasive surgery in colorectal cancer.
Katalytische asymmetrische Additionen von Enolsilanen an in situ erzeugte zyklische, aliphatischeN‐Acyliminiumionen
Authors: Grossmann Oleg , Maji Rajat , Aukland Miles H. , Lee Sunggi , List Benjamin
Published: December 2021

Starke und sterisch umzäunte Imidodiphosphorimidatkatalysatoren (IDPi) ermöglichen hochenantioselektive Substitutionen von zyklischen, aliphatischen Hemiaminalethern mit Enolsilanen. 2‐Substituierte Pyrrolidine, Piperidine und Azepane werden mit hoher Enantioselektivität erhalten, und die Methode zeigt eine breite Toleranz gegenüber verschiedenen Enolsilanen. Mehrere Naturstoffe lassen sich mit dieser Methode gewinnen. Mechanistische Studien bestärken die Bildung des Ionenpaares zwischen nicht‐stabilisierten, zyklischenN‐(exo‐Acyl)iminiumionen, und dem sterisch umzäunten chiralen Gegenanion. Theoretische Studien legen Übergangszustände nahe, welche die beobachtete Enantioselektivität erklären.
Controlling the Complexity and Interconversion Mechanisms in Self‐Assembled [Fe2L3]4+ Helicates and [Fe4L6]8+ Cages
Authors: Siddique Rashid G. , Arachchige Kasun S. A. , AL‐Fayaad Hydar A. , Thoburn John D. , McMurtrie John C. , Clegg Jack K.
Published: December 2021

Self‐assembled coordination cages and metal–organic frameworks have relied extensively on symmetric ligands in their formation. Here we have prepared a relatively simple system employing an unsymmetric ligand that results in two distinct self‐assembled structures, a [Fe2L3]4+ helicate and a [Fe4L6]8+ cage composed of 10 interconverting diastereomers and their enantiomers. We show that the steric profile of the ligand controls the complexity, thermodynamics and kinetics of interconversion of the system.
Photoswitchable Epothilone‐Based Microtubule Stabilisers Allow GFP‐Imaging‐Compatible, Optical Control over the Microtubule Cytoskeleton**
Authors: Gao Li , Meiring Joyce C. M. , Heise Constanze , Rai Ankit , Müller‐Deku Adrian , Akhmanova Anna , Thorn‐Seshold Julia , Thorn‐Seshold Oliver
Published: December 2021

Optical methods to modulate microtubule dynamics show promise for reaching the micron‐ and millisecond‐scale resolution needed to decrypt the roles of the cytoskeleton in biology. However, optical microtubule stabilisers are under‐developed. We introduce “STEpos” as GFP‐orthogonal, light‐responsive epothilone‐based microtubule stabilisers. They use a novel styrylthiazole photoswitch in a design to modulate hydrogen‐bonding and steric effects that control epothilone potency. STEpos photocontrol microtubule dynamics and cell division with micron‐ and second‐scale spatiotemporal precision. They substantially improve potency, solubility, and ease‐of‐use compared to previous optical microtubule stabilisers, and the structure‐photoswitching‐activity relationship insights in this work will guide future optimisations. The STEpo reagents can contribute greatly to high‐precision research in cytoskeleton biophysics, cargo transport, cell motility, cell division, development, and neuroscience.
Catalytic Asymmetric Additions of Enol Silanes to In Situ Generated Cyclic, AliphaticN‐Acyliminium Ions
Authors: Grossmann Oleg , Maji Rajat , Aukland Miles H. , Lee Sunggi , List Benjamin
Published: December 2021

Strong and confined imidodiphosphorimidate (IDPi) catalysts enable highly enantioselective substitutions of cyclic, aliphatic hemiaminal ethers with enol silanes. 2‐Substituted pyrrolidines, piperidines, and azepanes are obtained with high enantioselectivities, and the method displays a broad tolerance of various enol silane nucleophiles. Several natural products can be accessed using this methodology. Mechanistic studies support the intermediacy of non‐stabilized, cyclicN‐(exo‐acyl)iminium ions, paired with the confined chiral counteranion. Computational studies suggest transition states that explain the observed enantioselectivity.
Multi‐fidelity Gaussian process modeling with boundary information
Authors: Ye Wenxing , Tan Matthias Hwai Yong
Published: December 2021

Multi‐fidelity simulations are widely employed in engineering. When the simulators are time consuming to run, an autoregressive Gaussian process (AGP) model fitted with data from a nested space‐filling design can be employed as emulator. However, the AGP model assumes the simulators at different levels of fidelity share the same inputs. This article considers bi‐fidelity simulations with a high‐fidelity (HF) simulator and a low‐fidelity (LF) simulator, where the HF simulator contains a vector of inputs not shared with the LF simulator, called augmented input. The augmented input captures finer modeling details neglected by the LF simulator, and the HF simulator reduces to the LF simulator when some or all components of the augmented input tend to zero. To ensure this boundary constraint in the domain of the augmented input is satisfied, we propose a modified AGP model that uses covariance functions (CFs) constructed from covariances of integrated stochastic processes, called integrated CFs. Five families of integrated CFs are compared in two numerical examples based on finite element simulators and in numerical simulations based on four test functions with analytical forms. It is demonstrated that certain choices of integrated CFs yield substantial improvements in prediction performance attained by the modified AGP model. Matlab codes for reproducing reported results are given in the Supporting Information.
Intergenerational transmission of personality disorder severity and the role of psychosocial risk factors
Authors: Auty Katherine M. , Farrington David P. , Coid Jeremy W.
Published: December 2021

Background

Familial influences on the development of many psychopathologies are well recognised, yet the psychosocial risk factors that could help explain apparently intergenerational continuities of personality disorder (PD) are less well understood.

Aims

To establish whether there is an association between the severity of PD in men and their offspring in a community cohort, and whether factors recognised as having the potential to increase risk of psychopathology mediate this.

Methods

Participants in the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development (n = 452 dyads) were assessed using the Tyrer and Johnson model of PD severity. Severe PD was defined as antisocial PD plus at least one other PD from a different cluster. Original participants were assessed by interview and their offspring by screening questionnaire. Chi‐square tests and mediation models were used to investigate the intergenerational continuity of PD severity and its relationship with psychosocial risk factors.

Results

An association between severe PD in fathers and severe PD in their offspring was confirmed, regardless of whether the offspring were male or female. Whilst preliminary tests suggested that employment problems, poor parental supervision and family disruption we associated with severe PD in daughters, mediation analysis suggested that these variables had very little effect once severity of father's disorder was in the model.

Conclusions

Psychosocial risk factors appear to play a limited role in the intergenerational transmission of PD severity, although future studies should take account of interaction data, for example, quality and quantity of paternal interaction given a child’s temperamental traits.
First report of Yokenella regensburgei isolated from external auditory canal after diving in valley
Authors: Na Gina , Song Je Eun , Chang Jeonghyun
Published: December 2021

Yokenella regensburgei is a Gram‐negative, oxidase‐negative motile rod which is rarely isolated from human caused a few opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients so far. We report the first case of otitis media combined with externa caused by Y. regensburgei in an immunocompetent patient. A 56‐year‐old male patient visited the outpatient clinic of the Otolaryngology Department due to otorrhea of the right ear started after diving in mountain valley in Korea 3 days ago. He was immunocompetent adult and clinical examination revealed swelling and debris accumulation in the right external auditory canal with an intact, erythematous tympanic membrane, and clear, odorless otorrhea. Microbiological culture of otorrhea revealed Y. regensburgei by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight and PCR‐based 16S rRNA gene sequencing. His otorrhea persisted, and a pinpoint perforation occurred in the inferior anterior portion of the tympanic membrane. 50% acetic acid irrigation and 500 mg of oral ciprofloxacin were prescribed, and his infection was cured after 4 weeks. This is the first case of otitis media combined with externa caused by Yokenella regensburgei in an immunocompetent patient. Given that Yokenella species infections are rare, especially in immunocompetent patients, this case highlights the importance of history taking and communication between clinicians and laboratory physicians. Molecular identification methods assist in identifying rare pathogens.
Electron Recycle Concept in a Microbial Electrolysis Cell for Biogas Upgrading
Authors: Cristiani Lorenzo , Ferretti Jacopo , Zeppilli Marco
Published: December 2021

An innovative strategy to control the metabolism of microorganisms is offered by bioelectrochemical systems in which a graphite‐based cathode can be used as electron donor or acceptor. An advanced microbial electrolysis cell is developed to combine CO2 removal from a synthetic biogas in a biocathode and the organic matter oxidation in a bioanode. A novel biogas upgrading approach is presented in which an electron recycle concept is obtained by the combination of CO2 reduction and oxidation. While the bioelectrochemical anodic chemical oxygen demand oxidation provides the electrons necessary for the cathodic CO2 reduction into methane and acetate, the acetate produced by acetogenic microorganisms migrates from the cathode to the anode being oxidized again by the bioanode.
Tuning Peptide Structure and Function through Fluorobenzene Stapling
Authors: Fischer Niklas H. , Fumi Erik , Oliveira Maria Teresa , Thulstrup Peter W. , Diness Frederik
Published: December 2021

Cyclic peptides are promising next‐generation therapeutics with improved biological stability and activity. A catalyst‐free stapling method for cysteine‐containing peptides has been developed that enables fine‐tuning of the macrocycle by using the appropriate regioisomers of fluorobenzene linkers. Stapling was performed on the unprotected linear peptide or, more conveniently, directly on‐resin after peptide synthesis. NMR spectroscopy and circular dichroism studies demonstrate that the type of stapling can tune the secondary structures of the peptides. The method was applied to a set of potential agonists for melanocortin receptors, generating a library of macrocyclic potent ligands with ortho, meta or para relationships between the thioethers. Their small but significant differences in potency and efficacy demonstrate how the method allows facile fine‐tuning of macrocyclic peptides towards biological targets from the same linear precursor.