bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A privacy-aware framework for participatory sensing
Authors: Kazemi Leyla , Shahabi Cyrus
Published: September 2011

With the abundance and ubiquity of mobile devices, a new class of applications is emerging, called participatory sensing (PS), where people can contribute data (e.g., images, video) collected by their mobile devices to central data servers. However, privacy concerns are becoming a major impediment in the success of many participatory sensing systems. While several privacy preserving techniques exist in the context of conventional location-based services, they are not directly applicable to the PS systems because of the extra information that the PS systems can collect from their participants. In this paper, we formally define the problem of privacy in PS systems and identify its unique challenges assuming an un-trusted central data server model. We propose PiRi, a privacy-aware framework for PS systems, which enables participation of the users without compromising their privacy. Our extensive experiments verify the efficiency of our approach.
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Trachea with Concomitant Granulomatous Lymph Node Lesions
Authors: Koch Julia Anne , Dorn Patrick , Rausch Thierry , Ris Hans-Beat , Lehr Hans-Anton , Schäfer Stephan C.
Published: September 2011

We report herein the case of a 57-year-old lady who had two concomittant lesions, an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in the trachea, and severe granulomatous lesions in the adjacent hilar lymph nodes. While these two lesions shared histological and some immunohistochemical features lesions. They differed in terms of ALK-1 expression, which was positive in the tracheal tumor and negative in the lymph nodes. The discussion of the case circles around putative pathophysiological links between the lesions. The authors favor the idea that the lymph nodes present a sarcoid-like granulomatous reaction to the inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in the trachea over a coexistence of two independent entities. However, no conclusive evidence for this interpretation can be presented based on the existing literature.
Trisomy 19 and T(9;22) In a Patient with Acute Basophilic Leukemia
Authors: Rojas-Atencio Alicia , Urdaneta Karelis , Soto-Quintana Marisol , Alvarez Nava Francisco , Cañizales Jenny , Solis Ernesto
Published: September 2011

We report a case of acute basophilic leukemia with two coexisting clonal abnormalities, t(9;22) and trisomy 19. The blast showed positive reaction with myeloperoxidase but negative reaction with chloroacetate esterase and acid phosphatase. Metachromatic features of the blast were observed with toluidine blue stain. Ultrastructure study showed the presence of azurophilic granules in basophils and blast mast cells. Conventional and molecular cytogenetic studies revealed, t(9;22) withBCR/ABLpositive and trisomy 19 in all metaphase cells. To our knowledge, this paper here is the first to present acute basophilic leukemia with trisomy 19 and t(9;22).
Atopic Dermatitis and the Atopic March: What Is New?
Authors: Patrizi Annalisa , Pileri Alessandro , Bellini Federica , Raone Beatrice , Neri Iria , Ricci Giampaolo
Published: September 2011

Objective. In this paper the authors review the management of atopic dermatitis (AD) and the association between AD and allergic respiratory diseases. Data Sources. PubMed databases, researching articles in the last 15 years.
Results. Studies about atopic march are cross-sectional population studies at different ages. They show that the most important predisposing factor for atopy is a decrease of the filaggrin's expression.
Conclusions. The most modern theories seem to show that the most important factor which starts the atopic march is represented by an impaired epidermal barrier. It causes an increase in skin permeability to allergens that could induce sensitization even in the airways. The major predisposing factor is a primary inherited epithelial barrier defect resulting from filaggrin gene mutation, but other factors may play a role in this complex mechanism. Further studies are needed to focus on AD treatment and preventive strategies.
Epitheloid Myxofibrosarcoma of the Parotid Gland
Authors: Srinivasan B. , Ethunandan M. , Hussain K. , Ilankovan V.
Published: September 2011

Myxofibrosarcoma has been recently described as a distinct histological entity and commonly affects the extremities and trunk of the elderly. It is, however, rare in the head and neck (2.8%) region, and we are unaware of any reports of it presenting as a parotid mass. The epitheloid variant accounts for less than 3% of myxofibrosarcomas. We report a case of a 78/F presenting with an epitheloid myxofibrosarcoma in the parotid gland. The clinical presentation was of a parotid lump of 9-month duration, and the diagnosis was made following thorough histological assessment. We present what we believe to be the first reported case of a (epitheloid) myxofibrosarcoma affecting the parotid gland and highlight its diagnostic features and outcome of treatment.
Erythema Nodosum in a Child with Celiac Disease
Authors: Fretzayas Andrew , Moustaki Maria , Liapi Olga , Nicolaidou Polyxeni
Published: September 2011

Erythema nodosum is an acute, nodular, erythematous eruption usually limited to the extensor aspects of the lower legs. It could be idiopathic or associated with other systemic diseases. We, herein, report a phenotypically healthy, ten-year-old boy who presented with erythema nodosum in whom serological tests of autoimmunity and intestinal histological examination were compatible with celiac disease. The eruption resolved within 2 months following a gluten-free diet. Therefore, the possibility that erythema nodosum represents an extraintestinal manifestation of celiac disease should be kept in mind accordingly in cases where other common causes of this rash are ruled out.
Validation of a Novel Traditional Chinese Medicine Pulse Diagnostic Model Using an Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Tang Anson Chui Yan , Chung Joanne Wai Yee , Wong Thomas Kwok Shing
Published: September 2011

In view of lacking a quantifiable traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) pulse diagnostic model, a novel TCM pulse diagnostic model was introduced to quantify the pulse diagnosis. Content validation was performed with a panel of TCM doctors. Criterion validation was tested with essential hypertension. The gold standard was brachial blood pressure measured by a sphygmomanometer. Two hundred and sixty subjects were recruited (139 in the normotensive group and 121 in the hypertensive group). A TCM doctor palpated pulses at left and right cun, guan, and chi points, and quantified pulse qualities according to eight elements (depth, rate, regularity, width, length, smoothness, stiffness, and strength) on a visual analog scale. An artificial neural network was used to develop a pulse diagnostic model differentiating essential hypertension from normotension. Accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity were compared among various diagnostic models. About 80% accuracy was attained among all models. Their specificity and sensitivity varied, ranging from 70% to nearly 90%. It suggested that the novel TCM pulse diagnostic model was valid in terms of its content and diagnostic ability.
The Inhibitory Action of the Extracts ofAdathoda vasica, Eclipta alba,andCentella asiaticaon the Corrosion of Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Medium: A Comparative Study
Authors: Shyamala M. , Kasthuri P. K.
Published: September 2011

The Inhibitive action of the extracts ofAdathoda vasica, Eclipta alba,andCentella asiaticaon the corrosion of mild steel in 1N HCl has been studied using weight loss method, electrochemical methods, and hydrogen permeation method. Polarization method indicates that the plant extracts are under mixed control, that is, promoting retardation of both anodic and cathodic reactions. The impedance method reveals that charge-transfer process controls the corrosion of mild steel. The plant extracts obey Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Theoretical fitting of the corrosion data to the kinetic-thermodynamic model was tested to show the nature of adsorption. Physisorption mechanism has been proposed for the inhibition action of these plant extracts. The protective film formed on the surface was confirmed by SEM. From hydrogen permeation method, all the plant extracts were able to reduce the permeation current. Results obtained in all three methods were very much in good agreement in the orderEclipta alba > Adathoda vasica > Centella asiatica,and, among the three plant extracts studied, the maximum inhibition efficiency was found inEclipta albawhich showed 99.6% inhibition efficiency at 8.0% v/v concentration of the extract.
Unfolded Protein Response Signaling and MAP Kinase Pathways Underlie Pathogenesis of Arsenic-Induced Cutaneous Inflammation
Authors: Li Changzhao , Xu Jianmin , Li Fugui , Chaudhary Sandeep C. , Weng Zhiping , Wen Jianming , Elmets Craig A. , Ahsan Habibul , Athar Mohammad
Published: September 2011

Arsenic exposure through drinking water is a major global public health problem and is associated with an enhanced risk of various cancers including skin cancer. In human skin, arsenic induces precancerous melanosis and keratosis, which may progress to basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma. However, the mechanism by which these pathophysiologic alterations occur remains elusive. In this study, we showed that subchronic arsenic exposure to SKH-1 mice induced unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling regulated by proteins, inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE1), PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). Arsenic activated all three UPR regulatory proteins in the skin. Arsenic induced IRE1 phosphorylation which resulted in augmented splicing of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1) leading to its migration to the nucleus, and also enhanced transcriptional activation of downstream target proteins. Hyperphosphorylation of PERK which induces eukaryotic translation initial factor 2α (eIF2α) in a phosphorylation-dependent manner enhanced translation of ATF4, in addition to augmenting proteolytic activation of ATF6 in arsenic-treated skin. A similar increase in the expression of CHOP was observed. Enhanced XBP-1s, ATF4, and ATF6 regulated downstream chaperones GRP94 and GRP78. In addition, arsenic induced inflammation-related p38/MAPKAPK-2 MAPK signaling and alterations in Th-1/Th-2/Th-17 cytokines/chemokines and their receptors. Antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine blocked arsenic-induced reactive oxygen species, with a concomitant attenuation of UPR and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine signatures. Our results identify novel pathways involved in the pathogenesis of arsenic-med iated cutaneous inflammation which may also be related to enhanced cancer risk in arsenic exposed cohorts. Cancer Prev Res; 4(12); 2101–9. ©2011 AACR.
Bitter Melon Extract Impairs Prostate Cancer Cell-Cycle Progression and Delays Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia in TRAMP Model
Authors: Ru Peng , Steele Robert , Nerurkar Pratibha V. , Phillips Nancy , Ray Ratna B.
Published: September 2011

Prostate cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer deaths among American men. Earlier diagnosis increases survival rate in patients. However, treatments for advanced disease are limited to hormone ablation techniques and palliative care. Thus, new methods of treatment and prevention are necessary for inhibiting disease progression to a hormone refractory state. One of the approaches to control prostate cancer is prevention through diet, which inhibits one or more neoplastic events and reduces the cancer risk. For centuries, Ayurveda has recommended the use of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) as a functional food to prevent and treat human health related issues. In this study, we have initially used human prostate cancer cells, PC3 and LNCaP, as an in vitro model to assess the efficacy of bitter melon extract (BME) as an anticancer agent. We observed that prostate cancer cells treated with BME accumulate during the S phase of the cell cycle and modulate cyclin D1, cyclin E, and p21 expression. Treatment of prostate cancer cells with BME enhanced Bax expression and induced PARP cleavage. Oral gavage of BME, as a dietary compound, delayed the progression to high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in TRAMP (transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate) mice (31%). Prostate tissue from BME-fed mice displayed approximately 51% reduction of proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression. Together, our results suggest for the first time that oral administration of BME inhibits prostate cancer progression in TRAMP mice by interfering cell-cycle progression and proliferation. Cancer Prev Res; 4(12); 2122–30. ©2011 AACR.
A 6-Year Experience of 100 Cases of Pediatric Bony Craniovertebral Junction Abnormalities: Treatment and Outcomes
Authors: Yerramneni Vamsi Krishna , Chandra P. Sarat , Kale Shashank S. , Lythalling Rajender K. , Mahapatra Ashok Kumar
Published: September 2011

The authors studied 100 consecutive cases of pediatric bony craniovertebral junction abnormalities operated between 2001 and 2006. The pathologies were developmental (n = 86), traumatic (n = 10) and tuberculous (n = 4). Surgical procedures included transoral decompression (n = 59), occipitocervical fusion (OCF, n = 69), C1-C2 fusion (n = 22), occiput-C2 wiring (n = 5), and posterior fossa decompression (n = 5). Implants for OCF included contoured stainless steel rods (n = 47), titanium lateral mass screws and plates (n = 16) and steel wires (n = 5). Adequate bone fusion was observed in all patients with OCF at a mean follow-up of 16.5 months, irrespective of the type of implant used for posterior fixation. Good neurological outcome was observed even in poor-grade patients. No significant effect on the curvature or growth of the spine was observed at follow-up.
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Pathway Gene Polymorphism Associated With Extent of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes Trial
Authors: Cresci Sharon , Wu Jun , Province Michael A. , Spertus John A. , Steffes Michael , McGill Janet B. , Alderman Edwin L. , Brooks Maria Mori , Kelsey Sheryl F. , Frye Robert L. , Bach Richard G.
Published: September 2011

Background—

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the major cause of death in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although demographic and clinical factors associated with extent of CAD in patients with diabetes mellitus have been described, genetic factors have not. We hypothesized that genetic variation in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathway genes, important in diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis, would be associated with extent of CAD in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Methods and Results—

We genotyped 1043 patients (702 white, 175 blacks) from the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes (BARI 2D) genetic cohort for 3351 variants in 223 PPAR pathway genes using a custom targeted-genotyping array. Angiographic end points were determined by a core laboratory. In whites, a single variant (rs1503298) in
TLL1
was significantly (
P
=5.5×10
−6
) associated with extent of CAD, defined as number of lesions with percent diameter stenosis ≥20%, after stringent Bonferroni correction for all 3351 single nucleotide polymorphisms. This association was validated in the diabetic subgroups of 2 independent cohorts, the Translational Research Investigating Underlying Disparities in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients' Health Status (TRIUMPH) post–myocardial infarction registry and the prospective Family Heart Study (FHS) of individuals at risk for CAD.
TLL1
rs1503298 was also significantly associated with extent of severe CAD (≥70% diameter stenosis;
P
=3.7×10
−2
) and myocardial jeopardy index (
P
=8.7×10
−4
). In general linear regression modeling,
TLL1
rs1503298 explained more variance of extent of CAD than the previously determined clinical factors.

Conclusions—

We identified a variant in a single PPAR pathway gene,
TLL1
, that is associated with the extent of CAD independently of clinical predictors, specifically in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and CAD.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00006305.
Anticoagulation With the Oral Direct Thrombin Inhibitor Dabigatran Does Not Enlarge Hematoma Volume in Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Lauer Arne , Cianchetti Flor A. , Van Cott Elizabeth M. , Schlunk Frieder , Schulz Elena , Pfeilschifter Waltraud , Steinmetz Helmuth , Schaffer Chris B. , Lo Eng H. , Foerch Christian
Published: September 2011

Background—

The direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran etexilate (DE) may constitute a future replacement of vitamin K antagonists for long-term anticoagulation. Whereas warfarin pretreatment is associated with greater hematoma expansion after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), it remains unclear what effect direct thrombin inhibitors would have. Using different experimental models of ICH, this study compared hematoma volume among DE-treated mice, warfarin-treated mice, and controls.

Methods and Results—

CD-1 mice were fed with DE or warfarin. Sham-treated mice served as controls. At the time point of ICH induction, DE mice revealed an increased activated partial thromboplastin time compared with controls (mean±SD 46.1±5.0 versus 18.0±1.5 seconds;
P
=0.022), whereas warfarin pretreatment resulted in a prothrombin time prolongation (51.4±17.9 versus 10.4±0.3 seconds;
P
<0.001). Twenty-four hours after collagenase-induced ICH formation, hematoma volume was 3.8±2.9 μL in controls, 4.8±2.7 μL in DE mice, and 14.5±11.8 μL in warfarin mice (n=16; Welch ANOVA between-group differences
P
=0.007; posthoc analysis with the Dunnett method: DE versus controls,
P
=0.899; warfarin versus controls,
P
<0.001; DE versus warfarin,
P
=0.001). In addition, a model of laser-induced cerebral microhemorrhage was applied, and the distances that red blood cells and blood plasma were pushed into the brain were quantified. Warfarin mice showed enlarged red blood cell and blood plasma diameters compared to controls, but no difference was found between DE mice and controls.

Conclusions—

In contrast with warfarin, pretreatment with DE did not increase hematoma volume in 2 different experimental models of ICH. In terms of safety, this observation may represent a potential advantage of anticoagulation with DE over warfarin.
Progression Is Accelerated From Prehypertension to Hypertension in Blacks
Authors: Selassie Anbesaw , Wagner C. Shaun , Laken Marilyn L. , Ferguson M. LaFrance , Ferdinand Keith C. , Egan Brent M.
Published: September 2011

Prehypertension is a major risk factor for hypertension. Blacks have more prevalent and severe hypertension than whites, but it is unknown whether progression from prehypertension is accelerated in blacks. We examined this question in a prospective cohort study of 18 865 nonhypertensive persons (5733 black [30.4%] and 13 132 white [69.6%]) aged 18 to 85 years. Electronic health record data were obtained from 197 community-based outpatient clinics in the Southeast United States. Days elapsing from study entry to hypertension diagnosis, mainly blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg systolic and/or ≥90 mm Hg diastolic on 2 consecutive visits established conversion time within a maximum observation period of 2550 days. Cox regression modeling was used to examine conversion to hypertension as a function of race, while controlling for age, sex, baseline systolic and diastolic blood pressures, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease. The covariable adjusted median conversion time when 50% became hypertensive was 365 days earlier for blacks than whites (626 versus 991 days;
P
<0.001). Among covariables, baseline systolic blood pressure 130 to 139 mm Hg (hazard ratio: 1.77 [95% CI: 1.69 to 1.86]) and 120 to 129 mm Hg (hazard ratio: 1.52 [95% CI: 1.44 to 1.60]), as well as age ≥75 years (hazard ratio: 1.40 [95% CI: 1.29 to 1.51]) and 55 to 74 years (hazard ratio: 1.29 [95% CI: 1.23 to 1.35]) were the strongest predictors of hypertension. Additional predictors included age 35 to 54 years, diastolic blood pressure 80 to 89 mm Hg, overweight and obesity, and diabetes mellitus (all
P
<0.001). Conversion from prehypertension to hypertension is accelerated in blacks, which suggests that effective interventions in prehypertension could reduce racial disparities in prevalent hypertension.
Further Investigation of the Impact of Idealized Continents and SST Distributions on the Northern Hemisphere Storm Tracks
Authors: Saulière Jérôme , Brayshaw David James , Hoskins Brian , Blackburn Michael
Published: September 2011

Building on previous studies of the basic ingredients of the North Atlantic storm track (examining land–sea contrast, orography, and SST), this article investigates the impact of Eurasian topography and Pacific SST anomalies on North Pacific and Atlantic storm tracks through a hierarchy of atmospheric GCM simulations using idealized boundary conditions in the Hadley Centre HadGAM1 atmospheric circulation model.

The Himalaya–Tibet mountain complex is found to play a crucial role in shaping the North Pacific storm track. The northward deflection of the westerly flow around northern Tibet generates an extensive pool of very cold air in the northeastern tip of the Asian continent, which strengthens the meridional temperature gradient and favors baroclinic growth in the western Pacific. The Kuroshio SST front is also instrumental in strengthening the Pacific storm track through its impact on near-surface baroclinicity, while the warm waters around Indonesia tend to weaken it through the impact on baroclinicity of stationary Rossby waves propagating poleward from the convective heating regions.

Three mechanisms by which the Atlantic storm track may be affected by changes in the boundary conditions upstream of the Rockies are discussed. In the model configuration used here, stationary Rossby waves emanating from Tibet appear to weaken the North Atlantic storm track substantially, whereas those generated over the cold waters off Peru appear to strengthen it. Changes in eddy-driven surface winds over the Pacific generally appear to modify the flow over the Rocky Mountains, leading to consistent modifications in the Atlantic storm track. The evidence for each of these mechanisms is, however, ultimately equivocal in these simulations.
Droplet Activation and Mixing in Large-Eddy Simulation of a Shallow Cumulus Field
Authors: Slawinska Joanna , Grabowski Wojciech W. , Pawlowska Hanna , Morrison Hugh
Published: September 2011

This paper presents the application of a double-moment bulk warm-rain microphysics scheme to the simulation of a field of shallow convective clouds based on Barbados Oceanographic and Meteorological Experiment (BOMEX) observations. The scheme predicts the supersaturation field and allows secondary in-cloud activation of cloud droplets above the cloud base. Pristine and polluted cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) environments, as well as opposing subgrid-scale mixing scenarios, are contrasted. Numerical simulations show that about 40% of cloud droplets originate from CCN activated above the cloud base. Significant in-cloud activation leads to the mean cloud droplet concentration that is approximately constant with height, in agreement with aircraft observations. The in-cloud activation affects the spatial distribution of the effective radius and the mean albedo of the cloud field. Differences between pristine and polluted conditions are consistent with the authors’ previous study, but the impact of the subgrid-scale mixing is significantly reduced. Possible explanations of the latter involve physical and numerical aspects. The physical aspects include (i) the counteracting impacts of the subgrid-scale mixing and in-cloud activation and (ii) the mean characteristics of the environmental cloud-free air entrained into a cloud. A simple analysis suggests that the entrained cloud-free air is on average close to saturation, which leads to a small difference between various mixing scenarios. The numerical aspect concerns the relatively small role of the parameterized subgrid-scale mixing when compared to mixing and evaporation due to numerical diffusion. Although the results are consistent with aircraft observations, limitations of the numerical model due to low spatial resolution call for higher-resolution simulations where entrainment processes are resolved rather than mostly parameterized as in the current study.
The Missing Religious Factor in Imagined Communities
Authors: Tiryakian Edward A.
Published: September 2011

Benedict Anderson’s Imagined Communities has redrawn understanding of the loci and agents of modern nationalism. Whereas standard interpretations had privileged the movements of modernity of Western nation-states, Anderson’s analysis gave priority to the role of peripheral elites in “imagining the nation” beyond the boundaries of the everyday world. What Anderson leaves out altogether in his seminal study is the bearing of the religious factor in various peripheral settings in such regions as sub-Sahara Africa and East Asia. This article, extending Max Weber’s notion of charismatic leadership, proposes that in concrete cases of “colonial situations” in Africa and in two East Asian countries of weak states, religio-political figures arose seeking a new social order that had mass appeal. Their successes and failures should be seen as integral comparative aspects of nationalism and modernity
The Effect of Prime Duration in Masked Orthographic Priming Depends on Neighborhood Distribution
Authors: Robert Christelle , Mathey Stéphanie
Published: September 2011

A lexical decision task was used with a masked priming procedure to investigate whether and to what extent neighborhood distribution influences the effect of prime duration in masked orthographic priming. French word targets had two higher frequency neighbors that were either distributed over two letter positions (e.g., LOBE/robe-loge) or concentrated on a single letter position (e.g., FARD/tard-lard). Word targets were preceded by their highest frequency neighbor or by a control prime. Four prime durations were compared (27, 39, 53, and 67 ms). Results showed that the inhibitory priming effect found for words with distributed neighbors at a 67-ms stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) was canceled when prime duration decreased. In contrast, no priming effect was found in any of the four prime durations for words with concentrated neighbors. Simulations run on the word materials revealed that the interactive activation model ( McClelland & Rumelhart, 1981 ) captured the increasing inhibitory priming effect in the distributed neighbor condition but failed to capture the loss of priming in the concentrated neighbor condition.
Stabilization for a class of switched neutral systems under asynchronous switching
Authors: Xiang Zhengrong , Sun Ya-Nan , Chen Qingwei
Published: September 2011

This paper investigates the problem of stabilization for a class of switched neutral systems under asynchronous switching, where the switching instants of the controller experience delays with respect to those of the system. A state feedback controller is proposed to guarantee exponential stability for switched neutral systems, and the dwell time approach and free weighting matrix scheme are utilized for the stability analysis. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Why Men (and Women) Do and Don’t Rebel
Authors: Jost John T. , Chaikalis-Petritsis Vagelis , Abrams Dominic , Sidanius Jim , van der Toorn Jojanneke , Bratt Christopher
Published: September 2011

Three studies examined the hypothesis that system justification is negatively associated with collective protest against ingroup disadvantage. Effects of uncertainty salience, ingroup identification, and disruptive versus nondisruptive protest were also investigated. In Study 1, college students who were exposed to an uncertainty salience manipulation and who scored higher on system justification were less likely to protest against the governmental bailout of Wall Street. In Study 2, May Day protesters in Greece who were primed with a system-justifying stereotype exhibited less group-based anger and willingness to protest. In Study 3, members of a British teachers union who were primed with a “system-rejecting” mind-set exhibited decreased system justification and increased willingness to protest. The effect of system justification on nondisruptive protest was mediated by group-based anger. Across very different contexts, measures, and methods, the results reveal that, even among political activists, system justification plays a significant role in undermining willingness to protest.
Structure and Function of Team Learning Emergence
Authors: Kostopoulos Konstantinos C. , Spanos Yiannis E. , Prastacos Gregory P.
Published: September 2011

The aim of this study is to examine how learning emerges in terms of structure and function to transform from an individual to a collective (team) phenomenon. Drawing on learning theory and multilevel thinking, the authors developed and validated measures for the basic team learning processes (i.e., intuition, interpretation, integration, and codification) in three independent field studies of innovation project teams and employed multilevel structural equation modeling to test relationships across the individual and team levels of analysis. Their results confirm the hypothesis that team learning originates in individual intuitions, is amplified through interpretation and integration, and manifests itself at the team level via the codification of collective cognition and action. Across the three studies, team learning was found to significantly affect team performance. The authors’ approach contributes to a conceptualization and measurement of team learning as a multilevel phenomenon.
High-Performance Work Systems and Job Control
Authors: Jensen Jaclyn M. , Patel Pankaj C. , Messersmith Jake G.
Published: September 2011

This study examines relationships among high-performance work systems (HPWS), job control, employee anxiety, role overload, and turnover intentions. Building on theory that challenges the rhetoric versus reality of HPWS, the authors explore a potential “dark side” of HPWS that suggests that HPWS, which are aimed at creating a competitive advantage for organizations, do so at the expense of workers, thus resulting in negative consequences for individual employees. However, the authors argue that these consequences may be tempered when HPWS are also implemented with a sufficient amount of job control, or discretion given to employees in determining how to implement job responsibilities. The authors draw on job demands–control theory and the stress literatures to hypothesize moderated-mediation relationships relating the interaction of HPWS utilization and job control to anxiety and role overload, with subsequent effects on turnover intentions. The authors examine these relationships in a multilevel sample of 1,592 government workers nested in 87 departments from the country of Wales. Results support their hypotheses, which highlight several negative consequences when HPWS are implemented with low levels of job control. They discuss their findings in light of the critique in the literature toward the utilization of HPWS in organizations and offer suggestions for future research directions.
Testing Mediation Using Multiple Regression and Structural Equation Modeling Analyses in Secondary Data
Authors: Li Spencer D.
Published: September 2011

Mediation analysis in child and adolescent development research is possible using large secondary data sets. This article provides an overview of two statistical methods commonly used to test mediated effects in secondary analysis: multiple regression and structural equation modeling (SEM). Two empirical studies are presented to illustrate the respective circumstances in which the two methods are most useful. One study examines the mediated effect of parents' social capital on parent involvement in Head Start programs through parent-child bond. The other study assesses the mediating effects of structured routine activities, delinquent association, and prosocial belief on the relationship between religiosity and juvenile delinquency.
Evidence-Based Versus Junk-Based Evaluation Research
Authors: Berk Richard
Published: September 2011

Along with the late Howard Freeman, Richard Berk was a founding editor of Evaluation Review (then Evaluation Quarterly) in 1977. He resigned as editor of this journal at the end of 2010. In this article, he reflects on his experiences.
Affecting Cognition and Quality of Life via Aerobic Exercise in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Yu Fang , Nelson Nathaniel W. , Savik Kay , Wyman Jean F. , Dysken Maurice , Bronas Ulf G.
Published: September 2011

Aerobic exercise is a promising behavioral therapy for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), yet few studies have investigated the effect of aerobic exercise on cognition in AD. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the effect of 6-month aerobic exercise on the change in executive function, global cognition, quality of life (QOL), and depression in community-dwelling older adults with mild to moderate AD. A single group, repeated measures design with outcomes measured at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months was used. Results show that there were no significant changes in any measures except for depression ( p = .026). There was a trend toward improvement in executive function and QOL with moderate effect sizes (ESs) and a trend toward deterioration in global cognition with moderate to large ESs. Randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of aerobic exercise in older adults with AD.
Natural/synthetic porous scaffold designs and properties for fibro-cartilaginous tissue engineering
Authors: Borzacchiello A. , Gloria A. , Mayol L. , Dickinson Sally , Miot S. , Martin I. , Ambrosio L.
Published: September 2011

The goal of this study was to produce and characterize the scaffolds by combining the advantages of both natural and synthetic polymers for engineering fibro-cartilaginous tissues. Porous three-dimensional composite scaffolds were produced based on glycosaminoglycans and hyaluronic acid (HYAFF11) reinforced with polycaprolactone. The mechanical properties of scaffolds were evaluated as a function of time and compared with those of scaffolds seeded with human chondrocytes (constructs) and cultured in vitro up to 6 weeks. The composite scaffolds had a porosity of 68% with interconnected macropores with average pore sizes of 200 μm, an equilibrium swelling of 350%, and a predominant elastic behavior, typical of a macromolecular gel. The composite constructs maintained chondrocyte phenotype and degraded with the deposition of macromolecules synthesized by the cells. The scaffold presented mechanical properties and the ability to dissipate energy similar to the fibro-cartilaginous tissue.
Encapsulation of adipose-derived stem cells and transforming growth factor-β1 in carrageenan-based hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering
Authors: Rocha Pedro M , Santo Vítor E , Gomes Manuela E , Reis Rui L , Mano João F
Published: September 2011

Tissue engineering (TE) is an emerging field for the regeneration of damaged tissues. The combination of hydrogels with stem cells and growth factors (GFs) has become a promising approach to promote cartilage regeneration. In this study, carrageenan-based hydrogels were used to encapsulate both cells and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). The ATDC5 cell line was encapsulated to determine the cytotoxicity and the influence of polymer concentration on cell viability and proliferation. Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) were encapsulated with TGF-β1 in the hydrogel networks to enhance the chondrogenic differentiation of hASCs. Specific cartilage extracellular matrix molecules expression by hASCs were observed after 14 days of cultures of the constructs under different conditions. The κ-carrageenan was found to be a suitable biomaterial for cell and GF encapsulation. The incorporation of TGF-β1 within the carrageenan-based hydrogel enhanced the cartilage differentiation of hASCs. These findings indicate that this new system for cartilage TE is very promising for injectable thermoresponsive formulation applications.
The strength of family ties: How US migration shapes children’s ideas of family
Authors: Dreby Joanna , Adkins Tim
Published: September 2011

Research shows that members of transnational families sustain meaningful relationships despite the physical boundaries that separate them. At the same time, distance creates many stresses and strains that disrupt family life. In this article, the authors take a child-centered approach to explore how the migration of different family members affects children’s ideas about their families. To do so they use a unique data set of 421 drawings collected from Mexican school children, ages 5–15. The data suggest that the migration of a family member activates his or her symbolic membership in the family in the eyes of the children.
Experiment and analysis of fluidic flexible matrix composite (F2MC) tube
Authors: Chen Yijin , Sun Jian , Liu Yanju , Leng Jinsong
Published: September 2011

In this research, a fluidic flexible matrix composites (F2MC) tube composed of flexible matrix composite (FMC) and inner liner is investigated. Significant changes in effective axial elastic modulus could be achieved through controlling the interior fluid. Based on classical laminated-plate theory and anisotropic elasticity, a three-dimensional analytical method is proposed to characterize the axial mechanical behavior of the F2MC tube. In comparison with the experiment result, the analysis is deemed to possess satisfying accuracy in the effective axial elastic modulus prediction of the F2MC tube. In addition, the effective axial elastic modulus ratio is discussed under different material and geometry parameters of the tube. The analysis result shows that the modulus ratio can reach up to 120 by refining the material and geometry parameters. Therefore, the investigated F2MC tube could serve as potential candidate for the morphing skin applications with variable stiffness.
“I’m a Keep Rising. I’m a Keep Going Forward, Regardless”
Authors: Teti Michelle , Martin Ashley E. , Ranade Richa , Massie Jenne , Malebranche David J. , Tschann Jeanne M. , Bowleg Lisa
Published: September 2011

A growing number of health and social science research findings document Black men’s adversities, but far less is known about their strengths. The purpose of this study was to explore resilience among low-income, urban, Black men. Semistructured interviews produced rich narratives, which uncovered numerous sociostructural stressors in men’s lives, such as racism, incarceration, and unemployment. Most men were resilient despite these challenges, however, and described five main forms of resilience: (a) perseverance; (b) a commitment to learning from hardship; (c) reflecting and refocusing to address difficulties; (d) creating a supportive environment; and (e) drawing support from religion/spirituality. Analysis of men’s challenge and resilience narratives revealed the need to understand and promote low-income, urban, Black men’s resilience via a broader ecosocial perspective which acknowledges the importance of social and community-level protective factors to support individual men’s efforts to survive and thrive amid their adversities.
A Method of Estimating Wind Turbine Blade Fatigue Life and Damage using Continuum Damage Mechanics
Authors: Movaghghar A. , Lvov G. I.
Published: September 2011

In this article, an energy-based model for predicting fatigue life and evaluation of progressive damage in a full composite wind turbine blade is proposed. Itis based on the assumption that the damage growth rate in a composite material depends on the maximum value of elastic strain energy per cycle. Design, finite element modeling, and dynamic analysis of the blade have been performed using ANSYS software. The first five natural frequencies and mode shapes of the blade were calculated and dangerous nodes in the critical location were determined using the modal and harmonic analysis techniques. Obtaining critical stresses from ANSYS analysis, fatigue life of the blade at the first natural resonance frequency was estimated by the model. Results showed that the calculated life of the analyzed blade could meet the design requirement.
Assessing Measurement Invariance of the Children’s Depression Inventory in Chinese and Italian Primary School Student Samples
Authors: Wu Wenfeng , Lu Yongbiao , Tan Furong , Yao Shuqiao , Steca Patrizia , Abela John R. Z. , Hankin Benjamin L.
Published: September 2011

This study tested the measurement invariance of Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) and compared its factorial variance/covariance and latent means among Chinese and Italian children. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis of the original five factors identified by Kovacs revealed that full measurement invariance did not hold. Further analysis showed that 4 of 21 factor loadings, 14 of 26 intercepts, and 12 of 26 item errors were noninvariant. Factor variance and covariance invariant tests revealed significant differences between Chinese and Italian samples. The latent factor mean comparison suggested no significant difference across the two groups. Nevertheless, the finding of partial metric and scalar invariance suggested that observed mean differences on the CDI items cannot be fully explained by the mean differences in the latent factor. These results suggest that researchers and practitioners exercise caution when gauging the size of the true national population differences in depressive symptoms among Italian and Chinese children when assessed via CDI. In addition to providing needed evidence on the use of the CDI in Italian and Chinese children specifically, the methods used in this research can serve more generally as an example for other cross-cultural assessment research to test structural equivalence and measurement invariance of scales and to determine why it is important to do so.
Experimental study on horizontal performance of multi-dimensional earthquake isolation and mitigation devices for long-span reticulated structures
Authors: Xu Zhao-Dong , Huang Xing-Huai , Lu Li-Heng
Published: September 2011

Earthquake excitation is a kind of complicated multi-dimensional ground motion. Therefore, anti-earthquake measuresfor complex and important engineering structures, such as long-span structures and high rise buildings under multi-dimensional earthquake excitations, have become an extremely important research topic. In this paper, a new multi-dimensional earthquake isolation and mitigation device (MEIMD) is proposed for protecting long-span reticulated structures due to strong earthquake motions. It consists of a viscoelastic bearing and several viscoelastic dampers. Property tests on the MEIMD under different excitation frequencies, excitation amplitudes and vertical pressure forces are carried out. Then, a mathematical simulation is carried out for the equivalent stiffness and the equivalent damping of the device, and the numerical results agree reasonably well with the experimental data. Experimental and numerical results show that the MEIMD has a fine energy dissipation capacity, and can be used for anti-earthquake purposes for long-span reticulated structures.
Effect of hydrocolloids on selected properties of gluten-free dough and bread
Authors: Sabanis D. , Tzia C.
Published: September 2011

Addition of hydrocolloids (H/C) in gluten-free (GF) bread formulation is necessary in order to act as polymeric substances that should mimic the viscoelastic properties of gluten and increase the dough’s gas-retaining ability. The properties of H/C vary depending on their origin and chemical structure. Addition of H/C (hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), xanthan, κ-carrageenan and guar gum) of different origins at 1%, 1.5% and 2% (w/w) in GF formulations based on corn starch and rice flour was carried out to investigate the effects on dough rheology and bread quality. The consistency, viscosity and thermal properties of doughs were evaluated. According to results, 1% and 1.5% addition of H/C (except from xanthan) contributed to bread with higher loaf volume and better color compared to control GF bread as well as to increased shelf life due to its moisture-absorption ability. Sensory evaluation by a trained panel revealed a preference for bread containing 1.5% HPMC because of its loaf volume, appearance and firmness characteristics. The micrographs of the dough showed a continuous matrix between starch and HPMC obtaining a more aerated structure.
Me, you and us
Authors: McDonnell Liz
Published: September 2011

This article draws on data from a study conducted between 2001 and 2005 that investigated university employees’ desires to have children. Forty-seven participants reflected upon key elements of their personal histories, experiences of intimate relationships and what they thought it was possible to achieve in their life worlds. Theories of de-traditionalization and connectedness were considered in the research. Although participants’ intimate relationships were central to their life worlds and there was sometimes anxiety about relationship failure, couples engaged in dynamic processes of accommodation and compromise. Participants who wanted children aspired to committed, fairly traditional relationships in which the practical elements of sharing and caring were emphasized. Functioning family units rather than satisfied individuals were privileged. Participants were deeply embedded in their relational networks – past or present – and these shaped both fertility intentions and outcomes.
Computational simulation and experimental verification of a new vibration-based structural health monitoring approach using piezoelectric sensors
Authors: Esmaeel Ramadan A , Briand Julie , Taheri Farid
Published: September 2011

Detection of damage in vital and high-cost infrastructures has been one of the major concerns of operators of such structures in the past two decades. The growing demands in oil and gas have forced extraction of such vital fuels in deep waters. Bolted joints are widely used in pipes transporting oil and gas in deep waters. However, they do develop in-service problems, such as loosened bolts, which if remained undetected, could cause significant environmental damage and economical loss, especially in the case of pipes used in deep-water oil extraction. In this study, the energy damage index (EDI) calculated based on a novel vibration-based damage detection methodology using the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is used to establish the existence of damage due to loosened bolts in common industrial bolted joints. A complete finite element (FE) model is established to simulate the whole process using the implicit dynamic solver of the commercial software ABAQUS©. Also, a comprehensive experimental program was designed and carried out to verify the FE results. Results show that the EDI based on the EMD method is a powerful tool for not only detecting the damage, but also the progression of the damage in bolted joints.