bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of the Brief Bedside Dysphagia Screening Test – Revised: a Cross-Sectional Czech Study
Authors: Mandysová Petra , Ehler Edvard , Škvrňáková Jana , Černý Michal , Bártová Iva , Pellant Arnošt
Published: August 2015

Aim: The purpose of this study was to develop a revised version of the Brief Bedside Dysphagia Screening Test for determining penetration/aspiration risk in patients prone to dysphagia. The priority was to achieve high sensitivity and negative predictive value. Methods: The study screeners conducted bedside assessment of the swallowing function in 157 patients with a neurological (mainly stroke) or an ear, nose, and throat diagnosis (mainly head and neck cancer). The results were compared with a gold standard, flexible endoscopic examination of swallowing. Results: For the neurological subgroup (N = 106), eight statistically significant bedside assessment items were combined into the Brief Bedside Dysphagia Screening Test-Revised (BBDST-R). Cut-off score 1 produced the highest sensitivity (95.5%; 95% confidence interval CI [CI]: 84.9–98.7%) and negative predictive value (88.9%; 95% CI 67.2–96.9%). Conclusion: The BBDST-R is suitable for dysphagia screening in departments caring for patients with neurological conditions.
A regularity criterion of Serrin-type for the Navier–Stokes equations involving the gradient of
one velocity component
Authors: Wolf Jörg
Published: August 2015

In the present paper we prove that a weak Leray solution to the Navier–Stokes equations in

ℝ
3

×

(
0
,
T
]

$\mathbb {R}^3\times (0,T]$

is regular provided the gradient of one component belongs to the Prodi–Serrin class

∇

u
3

∈

L
4

(
0
,
T
;

L
2

)

$\nabla u^3 \in L^4(0,T; L^2)$

.
A new insight in desiccation tolerance and cryopreservation of mazzard cherry (Prunus avium L.) seeds
Authors: Michalak Marcin , Plitta-Michalak Beata P. , Chmielarz Paweł
Published: August 2015

A variable response of Prunus avium L. seeds
to desiccation and storage in liquid nitrogen (LN) has
been reported in the literature. The majority of these
experiments were conducted on initially dried seeds.
The desiccation and LN exposure tolerance of fresh P.
avium seeds is unknown. In the present study, fresh seeds
were used to determine seed response to desiccation and
cryopreservation. Desiccation of seeds from a moisture
content (MC) of 19.7-20.2% to 10.1-10.9% or 07.6-8.5%
reduced seedling emergence from approximately 73 to 19
and 16% for first provenance; and from approximately 89
to 10-12% for second provenance of seeds. After exposure
to LN, seeds had the highest seedling emergence when
seed MC was the highest (19.7 and 20.2%, respectively)
prior to cryostorage. Results indicated that P. avium seeds
should be classified as intermediate. For cryopreservation
in seed banks, we recommend that seeds be dried directly
after extraction from fruits in the range of 16.8-20.2% of
MC (0.21-0.25 g·g–1 of WC) and directly immersed in LN in
tightly closed cryovials.
First record ofNeosiphonia echinata(Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) in the South Pacific: an introduced species in Southeast Asia
Authors: Bustamante Danilo Edson , Won Boo Yeon , Cho Tae Oh
Published: August 2015

Neosiphonia echinata,a well-known western Atlantic species, is here reported for the first time from Indonesia and this extends its distribution into Southeast Asia.Neosiphonia echinatawas collected from Sulawesi, Indonesia as an epiphyte onKappaphycus alvareziiand growing on ropes in a culture farm. We also collected this species from Florida, USA, and then compared their morphology and molecular data.Neosiphonia echinatais identified by having erect main filaments arising from prostrate filaments, numerous rhizoids cutting off from the proximal end of pericentral cells by a cross wall, four pericentral cells throughout the thallus, ecorticate axes, very long and abundant trichoblasts more than twice forked, abundant adventitious laterals, procarps with four-celled carpogonial branches, and a spiral arrangement of tetrasporangia. Our phylogenetic analyses ofrbcL andcox1 indicate thatN. echinatafound in Indonesia was very closely related to material from the Western Atlantic Ocean.Neosiphonia echinatamay be added as an introduced species to the Indonesian marine flora. The shipping routes western Atlantic-Mediterranean-Indonesia and western Atlantic-Pacific Ocean-Indonesia might be considered as possible pathways of introduction as a consequence of ballast water and hull fouling.
Geo-spatial modelling with unbalanced data:modelling the spatial pattern of human activityduring the Stone Age
Authors: Jasiewicz Jarosław , Sobkowiak-Tabaka Iwona
Published: August 2015

With the increasing availability of data, geoscienceprovides many methods to model the spatial extentof various phenomena.Acquiring representative, highquality data is the most important criterion to assess thevalue of any spatial analysis, however, there are many situationsin which these criteria cannot be fulfilled. Archiveddata, collected in the past, for which analysis cannot berepeated or supplemented is a very common informationsource. Archaeological data collected at a regional extentduring years of field work and superficial observations arean additional example. Such data rarely provide representativesamples and are usually imbalanced; only very fewexamples contain useful data, while many examples remainwithout any archaeological traces. In spite of theselimitations archaeological information presented in theform of maps can be a useful and helpful tool to analysethe spatial patterns of some phenomena and, from a morepractical point of view, a tool to predict the location ofundiscovered occurrences. The primary goal of this paperis to present a methodology for modelling spatial patternsbased on imbalanced categorical data which do not fulfilthe criteria of spatial representation and incorporatesuncertainty in its decision process. This concept will bediscussed using a collection of Stone Age sites and set ofenvironmental variables from the postglacial lowlands inWestern Poland. We will propose a machine-learning systemwhich adopts CART through bootstrap simulation toincorporate uncertainty into the spatial model and utilisethat uncertainty in the decision-making process. Finally,we will describe the relationships between the model andenvironmental variables and present our results in cartographicform using the principles of decision-tree cartography.
“What Is Royalty Without a Voice?” The Performance of Power in The King’s Speech
Authors: Logaldo Mara
Published: August 2015

The core subject of The King’s Speech (Tom Hooper, 2010) is the relation between voice and power. In the first place, we have the speech impediment of the Duke of York (the future George VI) and his subsequent inability to deliver effectual messages to the nation in a particularly dramatic phase in history. This failure highlights, by contrast, the identification of monarchy with voice. The film actually shows how the performative power of speech became crucial after the invention of the wireless. The BBC, as George V stated on his death bed, had turned kings into actors: elocution could either make or unmake them. Yet, these are only some facets of the complex dynamics by which language and power are interrelated in the film. Another important issue is the form of verbal exchange between doctor and patient, which enacts a wavering between two kinds of authority, the one possessed by right (legitimate power) and the one acquired by study and experience (expert power). Emphasis is also placed on standard English as the language traditionally associated with higher education, political supremacy and prestige. The importance given to Received Pronunciation and the contempt shown towards other language variants proves how deeply embedded in language power is. Though amiably, even the ironic remarks on conversational rules made by Elizabeth, the future Queen Mother, finally confirm the status quo, putting things and people back into place on the social scale. This is also, ultimately, the policy of the BBC, the institution that has been invested with the task of preserving, at the same time, British national identity and the purity of the English language.
War in Words: The Tricycle Theatre’s Re-voicing of the Bloody Sunday Inquiry
Authors: Soncini Sara
Published: August 2015

The tribunal plays produced at the Tricycle theatre in Kilburn, North London have come to represent under many respects the hallmark of the new spate of documentary work on the British stage, often designated as “verbatim drama” in contemporary critical parlance. Expressly envisaged as theatrical interventions into the public sphere, these dramatizations of official public inquiries turn theatrical space into legal space, grounding their claims to veracity in the exact reproduction of the actually spoken. While crucial to their ontological authority, the self-imposed orthodoxy whereby the playwright is the mere editor of words recorded in inquiry transcripts has been put under considerable strain by the very topic that has played a central role in triggering and shaping the format, that of contemporary conflict. A considerable share of recent verbatim work deals with the war on terror, a war increasingly fought outside legal jurisdiction and hence a subject that has thrown into sharp relief the epistemological limits of a form of drama that is entirely dependent on the existence and availability of legal records. This essay looks at the strategies of “re-voicing” whereby Richard Norton-Taylor negotiates the strictures of the code in his tribunal play Bloody Sunday: Scenes from the Saville Inquiry (2005). By turning the spotlight on testimony as a conflicted practice, Norton-Taylor’s editorial perspective provides a scorching critique of the long-overdue official review of the tragic events in Derry on 30 January 1972, and at the same time manages to indirectly address some highly topical issues of legitimacy and legality raised by the intervention in Iraq.
On the Complementarity between Law and Social Norms
Authors: Tsuneki Atsushi , Zasu Yoshinobu
Published: August 2015

This article aims to clarify the relationship between the law and social norms and examine how they interact – whether the law completely replaces, or coexists with, the pre-existing social norms. We model a close-knit society consisting of injurers and victims, assuming that both the law and social norms maximize social welfare and that the costs of enforcing legal penalties are greater than those of enforcing social norms. We find that social norms completely replace the law, even in a non-cooperative Nash equilibrium; we then develop exceptions to this result. In particular, when community sanctions for violating social norms are calibrated without consideration of its marginal social benefit due to a reduction in law enforcement cost, our model can have multiple equilibria, including cases in which legal sanctions persist even in the long run, in spite of their inefficiently high enforcement costs. However, we also show that this possibility of an inefficient non-cooperative equilibrium can be eliminated if the government behaves as a Stackelberg leader for the formation of social norms.
Targeting the vasculature
to improve neural
progenitor transplant
survival
Authors: Hill Justin , Cave John
Published: August 2015

Neural progenitor transplantation is a promising therapeutic option for several neurological diseases and
injuries. In nearly all human clinical trials and animal models that have tested this strategy, the low survival rate
of progenitors after engraftment remains a significant challenge to overcome. Developing methods to improve
the survival rate will reduce the number of cells required for transplant and will likely enhance functional
improvements produced by the procedure. Here we briefly review the close relationship between the blood
vasculature and neural progenitors in both the embryo and adult nervous system. We also discuss previous
studies that have explored the role of the vasculature and hypoxic pre-conditioning in neural transplants.
From these studies, we suggest that hypoxic pre-conditioning of a progenitor pool containing both neural and
endothelial cells will improve engrafted transplanted neuronal survival rates.
Nonlocal Symmetry, CRE Solvability and Exact Interaction Solutions of the Asymmetric Nizhnik–Novikov–Veselov System
Authors: Hu Xiaorui , Chen Yong
Published: August 2015

Applying the truncated Painlevé expansion to the (2+1)-dimensional asymmetric Nizhnik–Novikov–Veselov (ANNV) system, some Bäcklund transformations (BTs) including auto BT and non-auto BT are obtained. The auto BT leads to a nonlocal symmetry which corresponds to the residual of the truncated Painlevé expansion and the related nonlocal symmetry group is presented with the help of the localization procedure. Further, it is shown that the ANNV system has a consistent Riccati expansion (CRE). Stemming from the consistent tan-function expansion (CTE), which is a special form of CRE, some complex interaction solutions between soliton and arbitrary other seed waves of the ANNV system are readily constructed, such as bight-dark soliton solution, dark-dark soliton solution, soliton-cnoidal interaction solutions, solitoff solutions and so on.
ESCRTs are everywhere
Authors: Hurley James H
Published: August 2015

The ESCRT proteins are an ancient system that buds membranes and severs membrane necks from their inner face. Three “classical” functions of the ESCRTs have dominated research into these proteins since their discovery in 2001: the biogenesis of multivesicular bodies in endolysosomal sorting; the budding of HIV‐1 and other viruses from the plasma membrane of infected cells; and the membrane abscission step in cytokinesis. The past few years have seen an explosion of novel functions: the biogenesis of microvesicles and exosomes; plasma membrane wound repair; neuron pruning; extraction of defective nuclear pore complexes; nuclear envelope reformation; plus‐stranded RNA virus replication compartment formation; and micro‐ and macroautophagy. Most, and perhaps all, of the functions involve the conserved membrane‐neck‐directed activities of the ESCRTs, revealing a remarkably widespread role for this machinery through a broad swath of cell biology.
A Coalescent Model for a Sweep of a Unique Standing Variant
Authors: Berg Jeremy J , Coop Graham
Published: August 2015

The use of genetic polymorphism data to understand the dynamics of adaptation and identify the loci that are involved has become a major pursuit of modern evolutionary genetics. In addition to the classical “hard sweep” hitchhiking model, recent research has drawn attention to the fact that the dynamics of adaptation can play out in a variety of different ways and that the specific signatures left behind in population genetic data may depend somewhat strongly on these dynamics. One particular model for which a large number of empirical examples are already known is that in which a single derived mutation arises and drifts to some low frequency before an environmental change causes the allele to become beneficial and sweeps to fixation. Here, we pursue an analytical investigation of this model, bolstered and extended via simulation study. We use coalescent theory to develop an analytical approximation for the effect of a sweep from standing variation on the genealogy at the locus of the selected allele and sites tightly linked to it. We show that the distribution of haplotypes that the selected allele is present on at the time of the environmental change can be approximated by considering recombinant haplotypes as alleles in the infinite-alleles model. We show that this approximation can be leveraged to make accurate predictions regarding patterns of genetic polymorphism following such a sweep. We then use simulations to highlight which sources of haplotypic information are likely to be most useful in distinguishing this model from neutrality, as well as from other sweep models, such as the classic hard sweep and multiple-mutation soft sweeps. We find that in general, adaptation from a unique standing variant will likely be difficult to detect on the basis of genetic polymorphism data from a single population time point alone, and when it can be detected, it will be difficult to distinguish from other varieties of selective sweeps. Samples from multiple populations and/or time points have the potential to ease this difficulty.
Inference Under a Wright-Fisher Model Using an Accurate Beta Approximation
Authors: Tataru Paula , Bataillon Thomas , Hobolth Asger
Published: August 2015

The large amount and high quality of genomic data available today enable, in principle, accurate inference of evolutionary histories of observed populations. The Wright-Fisher model is one of the most widely used models for this purpose. It describes the stochastic behavior in time of allele frequencies and the influence of evolutionary pressures, such as mutation and selection. Despite its simple mathematical formulation, exact results for the distribution of allele frequency (DAF) as a function of time are not available in closed analytical form. Existing approximations build on the computationally intensive diffusion limit or rely on matching moments of the DAF. One of the moment-based approximations relies on the beta distribution, which can accurately describe the DAF when the allele frequency is not close to the boundaries (0 and 1). Nonetheless, under a Wright-Fisher model, the probability of being on the boundary can be positive, corresponding to the allele being either lost or fixed. Here we introduce the beta with spikes, an extension of the beta approximation that explicitly models the loss and fixation probabilities as two spikes at the boundaries. We show that the addition of spikes greatly improves the quality of the approximation. We additionally illustrate, using both simulated and real data, how the beta with spikes can be used for inference of divergence times between populations with comparable performance to an existing state-of-the-art method.
El diagnóstico temprano de niños y niñas con riesgo académico mediante un sistema de diagnóstico perceptual-motor: Estudio retrospectivo longitudinal de evidencias de su efectividad
Authors: Herrera-González Emmanuel , Araya-Vargas Gerardo Alonso , Fernández-Sagot Harry , Morera-Castro María , Fonseca-Schmidt Héctor
Published: August 2015

El objetivo principal del estudio es evidenciar la eficacia del Sistema Peques como una herramienta útil para diagnosticar, de forma temprana, posibles dificultades que afectarían el rendimiento académico. Es un estudio longitudinal a tres años, se aplicó el sistema de diagnóstico perceptual-motor (Peques) en una muestra de 149 participantes (77 niños y 72 niñas), cuando iniciaban el nivel de educación preescolar. De esa muestra se clasificaron 38 participantes como de alto riesgo de llegar a perder algún año lectivo en primaria. En el transcurso de los tres años de seguimiento (I ciclo de la enseñanza primaria), se determinó que 23 de 127 personas permanecientes en el estudio (18%), reprobaron ya sea primero, segundo o tercer año. Del grupo de riesgo diagnosticado por el sistema Peques, un 83 % efectivamente reprobó el año lectivo. En estos niños y niñas se observaron dificultades en diferentes aspectos de su capacidad de procesamiento de información, desarrollo motor, imagen corporal, desarrollo Gestalt y coordinación corporal. Se concluye que el sistema Peques predice el fracaso académico en la educación primaria, a partir del desarrollo perceptual-motor alcanzado en la etapa preescolar. A partir de esta experiencia se recomienda poner especial atención al desarrollo perceptual-motor, ya que este juega un papel fundamental en los éxitos académicos de los niños y las niñas.
La metacognición: Una herramienta para promover un ambiente áulico inclusivo para estudiantes con discapacidad
Authors: Vázquez-Chaves Ana Patricia
Published: August 2015

Recibido 26 de enero de 2015 • Corregido 13 de julio de 2015 • Aceptado 31 de julio de 2015El tema del presente ensayo plantea la metacognición como una herramienta para promover un ambiente de aula inclusivo para estudiantes con discapacidad. Como objetivo se pretende propiciar la reflexión respecto de la metodología empleada para atender la diversidad dentro de la sala de clases, tomando en cuenta la discapacidad como uno de los grupos importantes por considerar. Dentro del planteamiento conceptual, se concibe la educación inclusiva como la forma en la que se da atención a la diversidad en el sistema educativo costarricense, en donde la educación se entiende como un derecho humano fundamental. El Ministerio de Educación Pública (MEP) de Costa Rica transita de un enfoque rehabilitador hacia el abordaje de la Educación Inclusiva. La metacognición es un medio para la toma de conciencia en la mediación pedagógica en el contexto de aula. Se plantean resultados de una serie de investigaciones descriptivas y cualitativas realizadas en la Universidad Nacional que demuestran que muchas de las dificultades presentadas en la población estudiantil se deben a formas inadecuadas de entregar los contenidos y aspectos metodológicos del cuerpo docente. La metodología empleada permite extraer las formas en las que la población estudiantil efectúa los procesos cognitivos al realizar estrategias metacognitivas. Se concluye que la propuesta de estrategias pedagógicas que satisfagan de manera integral las necesidades educativas, es fundamental para el logro de procesos educativos inclusivos.
Profesorado y saberes histórico-educativos mapuche en la enseñanza de historia
Authors: Turra-Díaz Omar
Published: August 2015

Recibido 20 de noviembre de 2014 • Corregido 7 de julio de 2015 • Aceptado 31 de julio de 2015El artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación que tuvo como objetivo develar las significaciones docentes respecto de los saberes histórico-educativos mapuche y su incorporación como conocimiento educativo en la historia escolar. Los sujetos de investigación fueron profesores de historia que se desempeñan en Liceos de la provincia de Arauco, cuyos estudiantes pertenecen mayoritariamente a la identidad territorial mapuche-lafkenche. El estudio se realizó desde la metodología cualitativa, con un diseño de estudio de casos, utilizándose como técnica de recogida de información la entrevista semiestructurada y el método fenomenológico para el análisis de los datos y concentración de los significados. Los resultados evidencian significaciones comunes en la atribución de una alta relevancia al conocimiento cultural mapuche como saber escolar, en la manifestación de un escaso conocimiento de los saberes histórico-educativos mapuche, además de la ausencia de un trabajo pedagógico con estos saberes en la enseñanza de la historia. Se concluye que, no obstante los discursos de reconocimiento y valoración de la diversidad cultural, de los derechos educativos y culturales indígenas, la historia escolar en contexto interétnico propone y promueve unos conocimientos culturales eurocéntricos que reproducen el tradicional discurso pedagógico de la historia.
Ciudadanía y formación ciudadana: ¿Qué ocurre en el aula donde se forma el futuro profesorado de educación primaria de una universidad pública de Madrid?
Authors: Cárcamo-Vásquez Héctor
Published: August 2015

Recibido 2 de marzo de 2015 • Corregido 6 de julio de 2015 • Aceptado 31 de julio de 2015El objetivo del artículo es comprender de qué modo influye la formación inicial docente en la configuración de las representaciones sociales que posee el estudiantado que estudia para ser maestro o maestra, sobre la ciudadanía y la formación ciudadana que desarrolla la escuela. La metodología utilizada corresponde a la cualitativa con enfoque etnográfico, y la principal técnica utilizada es la observación participante. Los resultados arrojan que la forma que tiene el futuro profesorado de concebir la formación ciudadana en la escuela está mediada por una visión de la educación centrada en aspectos técnicos pedagógicos. De este modo, enfatizan el papel de la didáctica como herramienta que les garantizará saber enseñar, a sus estudiantes, el conjunto de normas y valores que permitan reproducir el orden social, tanto en la escuela como en la sociedad de la que forman parte.
La educación ambiental y el desarrollo sostenible en el contexto colombiano
Authors: Flórez-Yepes Gloria Yaneth
Published: August 2015

Recibido 16 de mayo de 2014 • Corregido 6 de mayo de 2015 • Aceptado 31 de julio de 2015El objetivo de esta discusión es hacer un análisis de la educación ambiental en Colombia y su contexto frente al desarrollo sostenible, considerando la forma de abordaje del tema de la sostenibilidad como un proceso de inclusión de las instituciones educativas y con base en los lineamientos de política nacional. Se resalta, además, la importancia del abordaje de la educación ambiental en un contexto de la participación social como una forma de apropiación y acción; en este sentido, metodológicamente para el desarrollo del análisis se retoman algunas bases conceptuales para, desde allí, plantear una postura analítica y crítica. Para su análisis se consideran cuatro aspectos importantes: i) el desarrollo sostenible desde su concepto y evolución, ii) el concepto de sostenibilidad en la educación, iii) la educación ambiental en Colombia, su evolución e impactos y iv) la investigación acción participativa como una estrategia importante para el abordaje de los procesos de educación ambiental. Se obtienen las siguientes conclusiones: i) es necesario hacer análisis de los impactos que han generado los procesos de educación ambiental en Colombia, para determinar si las formas de abordaje han sido las más efectivas o si, por el contrario, se necesita repensar y promover nuevos escenarios para hacer procesos de transformación efectivos; ii) la educación ambiental es un reto de todos y todas que se debe manejar de forma sistémica e integral. Con el análisis se concluye que, a pesar de los grandes esfuerzos realizados en Colombia frente a la educación ambiental, el país aún adolece de la problematización y adopción de una educación para el desarrollo sostenible, que permita garantizar una formación integral que involucre, de manera sistémica, todos los escenarios que comprende la sostenibilidad.
Agresiones en el noviazgo: Un estudio con adolescentes de Heredia (Costa Rica)
Authors: Fernández-Fuertes Andrés Avelino , Orgaz-Baz María Begoña , De Lima-Silva Mariana , Fallas-Vargas Manuel Arturo , García-Martínez José Antonio
Published: August 2015

Recibido 12 de setiembre de 2014 • Corregido 15 de junio de 2015 • Aceptado 31 de julio de 2015Gran parte del comportamiento agresivo humano se da en el contexto de una relación amorosa. El colectivo adolescente no es una excepción: las investigaciones señalan una notable prevalencia de este problema, evidenciándose la necesidad de profundizar en su estudio, especialmente en Iberoamérica, dada la escasez de trabajos al respecto. Este estudio tiene como objetivos fortalecer el conocimiento sobre el comportamiento agresivo en parejas adolescentes de Costa Rica. Para ello, se toman en consideración diferentes formas de agresión, en lugar de analizar únicamente agresiones físicas o sexuales; además se estudian posibles diferencias en función del sexo. Basándose en un diseño ex post facto, se aplica un instrumento estandarizado a 468 adolescentes de Heredia (Costa Rica), que analiza cinco formas de agresión: verbal-emocional; física; sexual; relacional y amenazas. Los resultados muestran que son escasos los participantes en la investigación que no cometieron o sufrieron alguna agresión en pareja, especialmente verbales-emocionales o verbales-emocionales y sexuales, si bien la frecuencia de estas fue baja; además, se detectan algunas diferencias significativas intersexos. De los hallazgos obtenidos se concluye la existencia de dificultades en los adolescentes para afrontar, de forma constructiva, conflictos que se presentan en sus relaciones, algo que debe ser abordado de manera integral para incrementar la eficacia de los programas preventivos para jóvenes.
GOBIERNO LOCAL EN LA FRONTERA COLOMBO VENEZOLANA EN MEDIO DEL DISTANCIAMIENTO BINACIONAL
Authors: Jiménez Aguilar Carlos Manuel
Published: August 2015

La dinámica fronteriza colombo venezolana, en medio de uno de sus logros más significativos como fue la aprobación de la Zona de Integración Fronteriza (ZIF) en el año 2006, experimentó de manera simultanea una parálisis en su implementación y un distanciamiento duradero en sus relaciones binacionales. A través de entrevistas a actores locales públicos y privados de los proyectos y alianzas entre las cámaras de comercio y gremios privados de las ciudades de Cúcuta (Colombia) y Ureña, San Antonio y San Cristóbal (Venezuela), esta investigación identificó una tendencia hacia un modelo de gobernanza local en el departamento Norte de Santander y un modelo de planeación centralista y anti empresa en el estado Táchira. Se encontraron dinámicas de cooperación interinstitucional y gobernanza transfronteriza en torno al sector turístico.
LA REGIÓN ANDINA EN LA GEOPOLÍTICA DE LOS RECURSOS ESTRATÉGICOS
Authors: Rojas Diana Marcela
Published: August 2015

En la economía globalizada de principios del siglo XXI, las potencias rivalizan por el acceso y control de los recursos estratégicos a nivel planetario; en virtud de su dotación natural y la orientación de sus actuales políticas económicas, los países andinos juegan en esta disputa un papel significativo. Esta posición de relevancia les ha planteado el doble reto de desarrollar una estrategia de diversificación de sus relaciones económicas con miras a beneficiarse del auge económico actual, por un lado; así como de adquirir un mayor margen demaniobra en el escenario internacional para impulsar otros temas de sus agendas exteriores, del otro. Sin embargo, no existe consenso en torno a la mejor manera de emplear esos recursos en pos del crecimiento y desarrollo económico nacional sostenible y a largo plazo, ni tampoco acerca de cómo aprovechar la coyuntura para mejorar el posicionamiento internacional de la región en su conjunto.
Some Aspects of Schoolchild’s and Students’ Ethnic Identity Development Though Ethnic Instrumental Music
Authors: Palubinskienė Vida
Published: August 2015

One of the basic objectives of contemporary pedagogy is developing youth’s national musical culture. In the course of history, when the idea of Lithuanian independence used to become realistic and tangible, special attention was paid to identity issues. The efforts to sustain and to thoroughly foster our traditions, customs, language and ethnical music had the greatest impact on the development of Lithuanian people’s national awareness. The essential categories characterizing the Lithuanian national identity have been and remained self-awareness, language, customs, folk art, and ethnical instruments. Playing instrumental music in ensembles using ethnical instruments has also greatly contributed to preserving of Lithuanian traditions and national identity, as a way of national awareness.

Object of research: Some aspects of schoolchild’s and students ethnic identity development through ethnic instrumental music.

Aim of research: investigate of the meaning of teaching ethnic instrumental music in the process of developing the knowledge of the ethnical identity.

Methods of research: questionnaire scientific methodological literature review, questionnaire and a summary of comparison.

The traditions of playing instrumental music in ensembles are quite old and deep-rooted in Lithuania. Ethnical instruments (the kanklės, reed-pipes, pan flutes, etc.) have been always regarded as a symbol of national awareness. Therefore, continuity and dissemination of related traditions and their application in various aspects contributes, at least partially, to the possibility of preserving national values and developing national identity.

Playing instruments in ensembles helps young people develop their musical listening skills and memory, get more matured spiritually, as well as form aesthetic feelings and artistic understanding of music.

For educators, the ability to play different ethnical instruments is helpful in the respect of having more variety in their classes, involving the learners in extracurricular activities, and making closer acquaintances with the pupils and their parents.

The possibility to develop the national identity of young people by means of playing in ensembles is exploited not only in Lithuania. This kind of experience has been used quite long in the practices of other countries. Therefore, in the rapid course of globalisation processes, it is of great importance to educate the young generation in the spirit of national traditions.
Saúde mental do trabalhador: o assédio moral praticado contra trabalhadores com LER/DORT
Authors: Silva Edil Ferreira da , Oliveira Keila Kaionara Medeiros de , Zambroni-de-Souza Paulo César
Published: August 2015

Este artigo analisa como o assédio moral se configura na vida dos portadores de lesões por esforços repetitivos/distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho (LER/DORT). Participaram do estudo, realizado em 2007, 20 trabalhadores acometidos por LER/DORT de uma indústria do calçado em Campina Grande-PB. Empregaram-se entrevista semiestruturada e análise de conteúdo. Os resultados apresentam um quadro de assédio moral interpessoal e organizacional que está bem configurado nas histórias de adoecimento dos trabalhadores e nas suas trajetórias de busca de ajuda para seus problemas de saúde. O assédio moral interpessoal e organizacional se evidencia em virtude de todos os aspectos de humilhação, exclusão e pressão que recebem no ambiente de trabalho, sob forma de coação, subversão, chantagem e rebaixamento. Para não terem que sofrer com o desemprego, alguns preferem pedir demissão, outros suportam as dores, ultrapassando os limites do corpo. A lógica da produção de assédio moral e organizacional destrói a solidariedade e impede que os trabalhadores construam coletivamente formas de enfrentamento do trabalho.
Síndrome de Burnout em agentes comunitários de saúde: aspectos de sua formação e prática
Authors: Maia Leandro Dias de Godoy , Silva Nicácio Dieger , Mendes Patrícia Helena Costa
Published: August 2015

A síndrome de burnout tem recebido destaque em recentes pesquisas por representar não apenas um agravo à saúde do profissional, mas também um risco aos indivíduos por ele assistidos, principalmente em atividades nas quais o contato humano é um componente preponderante. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a manifestação de burnout em agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS) a partir da literatura revisada, dando ênfase a aspectos de sua formação e prática. Procedeu-se a uma pesquisa de referencial teórico a partir de publicações encontradas na base de dados da Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs). Importantes fontes de estresse ocupacional levantadas nas referências foram: a função de elo entre serviço e comunidade exercida por este profissional, a proximidade emocional com a população e o contato direto com os problemas socioeconômicos do território. Foi averiguado também que a formação do agente, no que tange aos conhecimentos humano-sociais, é ainda insuficiente. Conclui-se que estas questões suscitam mudanças na formação dos agentes e nas suas condições de trabalho, sendo que os benefícios destas medidas refletir-se-ão também sobre a saúde da população assistida, e que o limitado número de pesquisas empíricas sobre ACS e burnout encontradas para este estudo prova a necessidade de pesquisas adicionais para consolidação destes conhecimentos e futuras mudanças na abordagem destes profissionais.
Different dose-dependent effects of ebselen in sciatic nerve ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats
Authors: Ozyigit Filiz , Kucuk Aysegul , Akcer Sezer , Tosun Murat , Kocak Emel Fatma , Kocak Cengiz , Kocak Ahmet , Metineren Hasan , Genc Osman
Published: August 2015

Ebselen is an organoselenium compound which has strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. We investigated the neuroprotective role of ebselen pretreatment in rats with experimental sciatic nerve ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups (N = 7 in each group). Before sciatic nerve I/R was induced, ebselen was injected intraperitoneally at doses of 15 and 30 mg/kg. After a 2 h ischemia and a 3 h reperfusion period, sciatic nerve tissues were excised. Tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO), and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) were measured. Sciatic nerve tissues were also examined histopathologically. The 15 mg/kg dose of ebselen reduced sciatic nerve damage and apoptosis (P < 0.01), levels of MDA, NO, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) positive cells (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, respectively), and increased SOD, GPx, and CAT activities (P < 0.001, P < 0.01, P < 0.05, respectively) compared with the I/R group that did not receive ebselen. Conversely, the 30 mg/kg dose of ebselen increased sciatic nerve damage, apoptosis, iNOS positive cells (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, P < 0.001) and MDA and NO levels (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) and decreased SOD, GPx, and CAT activities (P < 0.05) compared with the sham group. The results of this study suggest that ebselen may cause different effects depending on the dose employed. Ebselen may be protective against sciatic nerve I/R injury via antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities at a 15 mg/kg dose, conversely higher doses may cause detrimental effects.
Индивидуальные различия в способностях к обучению: возможности и перспективы психогенетических исследований
Authors: Tikhomirova Tatyana , Malykh Sergey , Kovas Yuliya
Published: August 2015

Малых Сергей Борисович — доктор психологических наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАО, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории когнитивных исследований и психогенетики НИУ «Томский государственный университет». Эл. адрес: malykhsb@mail.ru Адрес: Россия, 634050, г. Томск, пр. Ленина, д. 36.Тихомирова Татьяна Николаевна — кандидат психологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории когнитивных исследований и психогенетики НИУ «Томский государственный университет». Эл. адрес: tikho@mail.ru Адрес: Россия, 634050, г. Томск, пр. Ленина, д. 36.Ковас Юлия Владимировна— PhD, заведующая лабораторией когнитивных исследований и психогенетики НИУ «Томский государственный университет», заведующая лабораторией InLab Голдсмитс-колледжа Университета Лондона. Эл. адрес: y.kovas@gold.ac.uk Адрес: Россия, 634050, г. Томск, пр. Ленина, д. 36.Подчеркивается важность научно-экспериментального изучения природы индивидуальных различий — поиска ответа на вопрос, почему в условиях относительного единообразия образовательной среды ученики отличаются друг от друга по когнитивным, личностным и мотивационным характеристикам. Показано, что индивидуальные различия в когнитивных способностях и способностях к обучению формируются в условиях сложных процессов генотип-средового взаимодействия. Для решения важнейшей образовательной задачи — повышения общего уровня академической успешности всех учащихся через индивидуально ориентированные методы обучения — предлагается использовать генетически чувствительные методы изучения механизмов, лежащих в основе индивидуальных различий в способностях к обучению в разных предметных областях.Особое внимание уделяется рассмотрению близнецового метода, с помощью которого можно провести детальное исследование когнитивного развития, способностей к обучению и нарушений способности к обучению. Важная особенность близнецового метода состоит в том, что исследования близнецов обеспечивают наилучшее из возможных доказательство значимости влияния средовых, в том числе и образовательных, факторов. Близнецовый метод дает возможность уточнить роль общей среды (условий, повышающих сходство близнецов по определенному признаку) и роль индивидуальной среды (условий, не способствующих похожести близнецов).Отмечается, что в 2012 г. начата работа по созданию Российского школьного близнецового регистра, который в перспективе может стать уникальным ресурсом для российских и международных исследователей, а также источником теоретических и практических знаний для педагогов, психологов, родителей и самих учащихся.
«Образовательная политика»: к вопросу о содержательном наполнении речевой формулы
Authors: Penskaja Elena
Published: August 2015

Пенская Елена Наумовна — доктор филологических наук, декан факультета филологии, заведующая кафедрой словесности НИУ ВШЭ. Эл. адрес: e.penskaya@hse.ru Анализируется динамика частотности использования термина «образовательная политика» в печатных изданиях и сетевых источниках. Анализ объема документов показал, что появление в дискуссионном и информационном поле данного термина совпадало преимущественно с двумя обстоятельствами: концентрацией реформаторских мер, сфокусированных медиа; всплесками общественных обсуждений — стихийных либо инспирированных заинтересованными группами.Представлено распределение употребления словосочетания «образовательная политика» по годам. Показано, что актуальность оно приобрело с начала 1990-х как инструментальное обозначение системных действий, направленных на реформирование образования, и за прошедшие 20 лет претерпело ряд семантических изменений, превратившись в клишированную формулу. В 2010 г. после спада активности его употребления шаблон вернулся в российский социокультурный лексикон, получив за последние годы дополнительную валентность.Исследуется содержание, вкладываемое в это понятие в публицистических текстах, в частности в журналах «Образовательная политика» и «Свободная мысль», а также в двух сборниках очерков, изданных в 2012 г. и посвященных истории образования в России. Предполагается, что частота использования и содержательное наполнение клише «образовательная политика» становятся индикатором, позволяющим отслеживать и анализировать характер отношений и его изменения между властными структурами — разработчиками концептуальных действий и обществом. Отмечается закономерность отсутствия этого понятия в проектах, пособиях и монографиях, создаваемых в учебных целях.
Портрет международного сотрудника российского вуза
Authors: Melikyan Alisa , Zhelezov Boris
Published: August 2015

Меликян Алиса Валерьевна— магистр, Master of Science, начальник Отдела организации академической мобильности НИУ ВШЭ. Эл. адрес: amelikyan@hse.ru Железов Борис Валерьевич— кандидат политических наук, начальник Управления международной академической мобильности НИУ ВШЭ. Эл. адрес: bzhelezov@hse.ru Деятельность международных сотрудников НИУ ВШЭ — иностранных граждан и российских ученых, продолжительное время работавших за границей, — исследуется на основе анализа данных онлайн-анкетирования и интервьюирования как самих специалистов, так и администраторов международных служб и руководителей подразделений вуза.Приведены статистические данные доли иностранных академических специалистов в общем числе научно-педагогических работников колледжей и университетов в разных странах. Дан краткий обзор зарубежных исследований мотивации и адаптации международных сотрудников.Представлена динамика численности международных специалистов в НИУ ВШЭ за последние пять лет. Проанализированы профессиональные и личностные характеристики международных сотрудников университета, выявлены факторы, учитываемые ими при рассмотрении вакансий в зарубежном вузе. Исследовано их отношение к работе и коллегам, определены трудности адаптации к деловой, культурной и социальной среде, сложности коммуникации с коллегами и профессиональной самореализации. Рассмотрены основные группы проблем, затрудняющих адаптацию к работе в России в целом и в НИУ ВШЭ в частности: законодательные нормы, регулирующие трудовую и образовательную деятельность; взаимоотношения со студентами; особенности деловой культуры.Даны некоторые рекомендации по корректировке мер, направленных на интернационализацию университета и превращение его в международный научный центр. Обозначены перспективы дальнейших исследований факторов, обусловливающих эффективность привлечения и адаптации международных специалистов. Отмечается необходимость подробного анализа показателей результативности их деятельности.
Что дает год обучения российскому школьнику. На материалах PISA-2009: грамотность чтения
Authors: Tyumeneva Yulia , Kuzmina Yulia
Published: August 2015

Тюменева Юлия Алексеевна — кандидат психологическихнаук, старший научный сотрудник Центра мониторинга качестваобразования НИУ ВШЭ. Эл. адрес: jutu@yandex.ruКузьмина Юлия Владимировна — аналитик Центра мониторинга качества образования НИУ ВШЭ.  Эл. адрес: papushka@mail.ruНа данных PISA-2009 (чтение) исследовалась эффективность одного года обучения в семи странах: России, Чехии, Венгрии, Словакии, Германии, Канаде и Бразилии. Использовалась инструментальная переменная, что позволило оценить эффект одного года обучения нестрогим методом разрывности регрессии. Анализ проведен как для общей и профессиональной программ обучения совокупно, так и отдельно для общеобразовательных школ. Установлено, что в России для учащихся всех программ совокупно эффективность одного года школьного обучения незначима. В странах, практикующих раннее разделение на общую и профессиональную программы, эффективность обучения ниже, чем в странах, где все 15-летние обучаются на общей программе. Эффективность одного года обучения для учащихся общеобразовательных программ значима во всех странах. Для учащихся профессиональных программ характерна низкая эффективность обучения по сравнению с общеобразовательной траекторией. Сила и направление связи социально-экономического статуса семьи и эффективности школьного обучения сильно зависят от системы образования и варьируют от страны к стране. Для России, так же как для некоторых других стран, эффективность обучения не зависит от социально-экономического статуса учащихся. Обсуждается значение полученных результатов для оценки эффективности обучения, и в частности для справедливого оценивания национальных достижений в странах с разным набором образовательных траекторий.