bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reliability indicators management of thermoelectric systems for thermal modes under limited power consumption
Authors: Zaykov Vladimir P. , Mescheryakov Vladimir I. , Ustenko Andriy S.
Published: October 2024

The temperature dependence of electronic components has a significant impact on the technology and design methods of information systems. Thermal management systems are an essential component of on-board systems, for which the most important requirements are reliability, weight, dimensions and power consumption. The thermoelectric method of heat extraction is one of the most promising for products with localized and unevenly distributed heat-loaded elements. The requirement to improve system reliability while increasing dynamics and reducing weight is a fundamental problem, its solution is relevant, and finding compromise solutions between reliability and dynamics is the goal of research. The paper shows that the main significant indicators of thermoelectric systems for ensuring thermal conditions are reliability, dynamics, power consumption and controllability. A mathematical model of a thermal management system consisting of: a heat-loaded object - a thermoelectric cooler - a device for discharging heat into the environment. The determining relationship between the intensity of failures and the geometry of thermocouples and current modes, dynamics and energy indicators and physical properties of the thermocouple material, and the possibility of finding compromises between reliability indicators and cooler dynamics are revealed. The expediency of optimized management of the executive body by a set of interrelated basic energy, time, reliability indicators and the areas of their preferred use is substantiated. The practical value of the research lies in the intensification of heat exchange of the heat sink with the external environment, reduction of the temperature difference, which makes it possible to reduce the intensity of failures and dynamic characteristics of thermoelectric systems for ensuring thermal conditions.
Analyze, monitoring and testing of computer information systems
Authors: Martyniuk Oleksandr M. , Drozd Oleksandr V. , Thyong Bui Van
Published: October 2024

The high importance and criticality of the efficiency and reliability of the functioning of modern computer information systems require efforts to ensure them, which are no less, than the efforts to develop the systems themselves. Offline and online monitoring and testing of computer information systems, which are often used to ensure efficiency and reliability of functioning, involve the development and implementation of appropriate hardware, software and information tools, as part of automated technical diagnostic systems. Features of both the computer information systems themselves and the means of monitoring and testing are their network distribution, autonomy and at the same time cooperation of all their components. Such features appear already in the system-functional presented systems and impose requirements for a special analysis of all their properties and functions, in that case also energy ones. The proposed work is focused on the implementation of energy-behavioral monitoring and testing of computer information systems, defines a formal presentation of a special analysis of the relevant hardware and software tools and is based on asynchronous-event models of extended Petri nets and behavioral experiments. This representation is based on models of energy-behavioral specification and testing, parallel, associative-evolutionary methods of monitoring and testing with the accumulation of blanks and results that differ in special features. The proposed presentation makes it possible to create a new system energy-behavioral technology for monitoring and testing computer information systems.
Design of software system architecture for reading and publishing amateur literary works
Authors: Hurnytska Viktoriia O. , Sychkov Vitalii S.
Published: October 2024

The article discusses the functionality and key requirements for a web application for reading and publishing amateur literary works. Against the backdrop of current changes in the book industry caused by the development of technology and the emergence of self-publishing, the need to create platforms that provide authors with the opportunity to publish content independently is emphasized. One of the main problems that authors face when publishing is the loss of the original formatting of their works when transferring them to text editors on web platforms. This paper proposes a solution to this problem by developing a web application with the function of importing the content of text files while preserving their original formatting. The article also contains a comparative analysis of popular web-based platforms for publishing works, such as Archive of Our Own, Wattpad, and Arkush, which helped to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each of them. In particular, the difficulties associated with storing and processing unstructured data, such as images and text files, were investigated. To solve the problem of storing such data, a comparative analysis of three approaches was conducted: storing data in relational databases, local file systems, and cloud storage. Taking into account the results of this analysis, the web application under development was chosen to integrate with the Amazon Web Services cloud provider and use Amazon S3 cloud storage, which provides scalability, reliability, and convenience in managing large amounts of unstructured data. It was also decided to use the Amazon CloudFront CDN service to improve the speed of data access and increase overall system performance. In addition, the article describes the choice of a technology stack for implementing the web application, which includes Java, Spring Framework, MySQL, ORM Hibernate for the server side and HTML, CSS, React.js for the client side. The article highlights important aspects of designing a web application architecture aimed at scalability and resilience to large amounts of data and an increase in the number of active users, and provides a basis for further system improvement.
ZNO-Eval: Benchmarking reasoning capabilities of large language models in Ukrainian
Authors: Syromiatnikov Mykyta V. , Ruvinskaya Victoria M. , Troynina Anastasiya S.
Published: October 2024

As the usage of large language models for problems outside of simple text understanding or generation increases, assessing their abilities and limitations becomes crucial. While significant progress has been made in this area over the last few years, most research has focused on benchmarking English, leaving other languages underexplored. This makes evaluating the reasoning and robustness level of language models in Ukrainian particularly challenging. The purpose of this work is to establish a comprehensive benchmark for the reasoning capabilities evaluation of large language models in the Ukrainian language. This paper presents the ZNO-Eval benchmark based on real exam tasks from Ukraine's standardized educational testing system: the External Independent Evaluation and the National Multi-subject Test. With single- answer options, multiple-choice, matching, and open-ended questions from diverse subjects, including Ukrainian language, mathematics, history, and geography, this dataset paves the way toward a thorough analysis of reasoning capabilities across different domains and complexities. Evaluation of several well-known language models, such as GPT-3.5-Turbo, GPT-4o, GPT-4-Turbo, Mistral Large, Claude 3 Opus, and Gemini-1.5 Pro on this benchmark demonstrated the superiority of GPT-4o in both common knowledge reasoning and intricate language tasks. At the same time, Gemini Pro and GPT-4 Turbo excelled in the arithmetic domain, leading in single-answer and open-ended math problems. While all models were close to max performance in text-only common knowledge tasks like history and geography, there still is a gap for Ukrainian language and math, thus highlighting the importance of developing specialized language benchmarks for more accurate assessments of model capabilities and limitations across different languages and contexts. This research introduced ZNO-Eval, an effective benchmark for evaluating reasoning capabilities, and thoroughly explored the abilities and limitations of modern solutions in the Ukrainian language. Future research should aim to expand the scope of ZNO-Eval to other modalities like images commonly used for exam problem description.
An approximate method of estimating the depth of objects using wavelet-based transformation
Authors: Antoshchuk Svitlana G. , Shcherbakova Galina Yu. , Kondratyev Sergey B. , Koshutina Daria V.
Published: October 2024

Modern three-dimensional computer vision technologies are actively developing, offering new solutions based on the analysis of environmental details. One of the key tasks is to determine the depth of location of objects in images, which requires efficient and fast methods of their processing. This study proposes a new depth estimation method for 3D computer vision based on wavelet transform optimization. Solutions are offered to simplify the disparity calculation, which is traditionally used for the construction of depth maps, with the possibility of describing contours with adjustable detail based on the wavelet transform. The main advantage of this method is the increase in performance due to the allocation of the Haar wavelet carrier length in the extremum search area. The simulation confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed approach for constructing depth maps, which allows us to recommend it for use in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in conditions of limited computing and energy resources.
Analysis of existing techniques for image-based recognition of agricultural crops diseases
Authors: Babilunha Oksana Yu. , Fedii Bohdan I.
Published: October 2024

An analysis of existing methods for processing and identifying the disease of agricultural crops was carried out. Other methods for identifying informative regions, including Fourier transformation, k-means clustering, Histogram Equalization, Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT), Local Binary Patterns (LBP), Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) algorithms, as well as their combinations were reviewed. The studied approaches demonstrated high accuracy in the identification and classification of various plant diseases. The study examined hybrid models, such as, for example, logistic regression with decision trees and Extreme Learning Machines (ELM). The accuracy of the Support Vector Machine (SVM), ELM, and Decision Trees algorithms were compared, convinced, that the importance of choosing the right parameters and fine-tuning to improve accuracy is important. The methods of deep learning such as Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and their usage in the scope of the image recognition, which are also used for disease recognition, were examined. The recognition accuracy of several CNN models was compared: DenseNet121, MobileNetV2, NASNetMobile and EfficientNetB0, and the last demonstrated the best results. The modification of ready-made architectures, including the architecture of the EfficientNetB0 neural network, has been analyzed as a way of adapting existing models to specific recognition requirements.
Integration of NLP and machine learning methods for smart contract security: a comparison with traditional approaches
Authors: Tereshchenko Oleksandr I.
Published: October 2024

In modern blockchain systems, smart contracts are one of the most critical components for ensuring the automated execution of agreements without the need for intermediaries. However, smart contracts written in languages like Solidity may contain vulnerabilities that can be exploited by malicious actors to steal funds or manipulate assets. Given the increasing number of attacks on smart contracts, the development of effective methods for detecting such vulnerabilities is crucial. Traditional approaches to detecting vulnerabilities in smart contracts include symbolic execution, fuzzing, formal verification, and pattern matching. These methods have their advantages but face several challenges, such as high resource consumption, limitations in detecting new types of vulnerabilities, and difficulties in scaling to large contracts. As a result, there is a need to introduce new approaches, such as natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning, which can address these challenges more effectively. In this study, an NLP-based method was explored, using Word2Vec to convert smart contract code into vector representations, allowing for better analysis of the semantic relationships between elements of the code. These vector representations are then fed into a bidirectional recurrent neural network with GRU blocks and an attention mechanism. This approach allows the model to focus on the most important parts of the code and improve the accuracy of vulnerability detection. The comparative analysis showed that NLP-based methods significantly outperform traditional approaches in all key metrics. In particular, the GRU model with an attention mechanism demonstrated high results in accuracy, recall, and F-measure, making it effective for detecting complex vulnerabilities such as reentrancy. Furthermore, the NLP-based approach is capable of adapting to new types of attacks thanks to training on large datasets. Thus, the integration of NLP and machine learning represents a promising direction for enhancing the security of smart contracts. Future research can focus on improving these approaches, particularly through the implementation of advanced models such as transformers.
Heterogeneous ensemble classifier in computer systems of medical diagnostics
Authors: Povoroznyuk Anatoly I. , Povoroznyuk Oksana A. , Filatova Anna Ye.
Published: October 2024

The work is devoted to the solution of an actual scientific and technical problem tasks development of a support system for making diagnostic decisions in medicine based on the developed model of a heterogeneous ensemble classifier, which as basic models implements two approaches to development of diagnostic conclusions: probabilistic , based on the analysis of the training sample and expert information on the structure of symptom complexes of each disease. As a probabilistic component, the choice of the method of comparison with the standard, in which the diagnosed conditions of patients are represented by their standards in the space of signs, is justified. The geometric center of the class grouping in the space of diagnostic features is chosen as the benchmark for each class. Expert knowledge about the structure of the symptom complex is formalized by expressing the symptom complex of the disease in the form of numerical intervals of linguistic changes "below the norm", "norm", "above the norm". Various options for taking into account the opinion of experts about the structure of symptom complexes in the ensemble classifier are considered. Test verification of the developed classifier was conducted on real medical data, which confirmed its effectiveness.
Named entity recognition and its role in unstructured data analysis
Authors: Staso Oleh R. , Burak Nazarii Ye.
Published: October 2024

In today's digital world, where vast amounts of unstructured data are generated every day, the ability to efficiently process this information is key for many industries. Unstructured data, which includes text files, emails, video, audio, images, and other forms of media, is the bulk of digital data and requires specialized tools to analyze it. Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Named Entity Recognition (NER) are two key technologies that enable the transformation of unstructured data into structured information that can be used for a variety of applications. Natural Language Processing enables machines to understand, interpret, manipulate and generate human language, opening up possibilities for deep analysis of textual data. This includes identifying key words, phrases, themes, and emotional nuances in texts. NER, as an important component of Natural Language Processing, specializes in identifying and classifying named entities in the text into certain categories, such as names of persons, organizations, locations, dates, times, and others. This allows you to automate the processes of sorting, categorizing and analyzing information. However, working with Natural Language Processing and Named Entity Recognition faces a number of challenges. The large volume and variety of data make it difficult to collect, store and analyze it. Lack of standardization can lead to problems with interoperability and integration of different data sources. In addition, there are challenges related to the recognition of named entities, in particular, distinguishing between the same names belonging to different persons and understanding the context in which the names are used. Despite these challenges, the outlook for Natural Language Processing and Named Entity Recognition looks bright, with continued innovations in artificial intelligence and machine learning promising to improve the accuracy and efficiency of these technologies in the future.
Logical methods of forensic expertise of Android devices
Authors: Isachenko Olha V.
Published: October 2024

Mobile devices are now so ubiquitous that they have revolutionized the way we do most of our activities. As a result, the mobile device is now a huge repository of confidential and personal information about its owner. This has led to the development of mobile forensics, which focuses on the recovery and investigation of mobile data. The purpose of the diagnostic process is to retrieve and recover any information from a mobile device without changing the data on the device. Over the years, digital forensics has expanded with the rapid growth of mobile devices. There are different branches of digital forensics depending on the type of digital device, such as computer forensics, network forensics, mobile forensics, etc. Data obtained from telephones becomes an invaluable source of evidence for investigations in criminal and civil cases. It's rare to conduct digital forensics without using a phone. Third-party applications are an integral part of the investigation mobile device. This requires understanding where app data is stored on the device, what app data is stored for that platform, and which tool best helps uncover the evidence. Although some commercial tools, such as Magnet IEF, are known for supporting application parsing, no tool is perfect, and it is nearly impossible for tools to keep up with the frequent updates that are released for each application. The most commonly available commercial tools analyze the most popular programs on the market. For example, when Facebook acquired WhatsApp, Cellebrite, IEF, and Oxygen Forensics started supporting the app. This is where all programs differ.
Estimates of the accuracy of identification of a nonlinear dynamic system using step test signals
Authors: Isachenko Olha V.
Published: October 2024

Machine learning (ML) has become widespread in everyday life. On its basis, programs with artificial intelligence work, on the basis of which many virtual assistants have evolved. ML plays an important role in various spheres of activity of many enterprises. ML helps to automate many processes, simplifying the functioning of the company. Named Entity Recognition (NER) models allow to automatically select and search for information according to certain criteria in mobile data extracted, for example, by the logistic method. Support for NER by Python models makes it possible to flexibly program specific requests that are generated in the forensic examination process. Open source creates a unique opportunity to continuously improve the model by training it on datasets. A powerful NER package is the spaCy framework, which helps to simplify data and extract detailed information from input data, train a model, perform model tuning, and more. spaCy is compatible with 64-bit CPython 3.7+ and runs on Unix/Linux, macOS/OS X and Windows. The latest spaCy releases are available over pip and conda.
The importance of inventions in the development of national industrial culture
Authors: Kozachenko Oleksii M. , Honcharuk Sofiia R. , Rusek Aleksandra
Published: October 2024

The work is dedicated to highlighting the influence of prominent inventors on the development of culture and the traditions of invention, which play a key role in shaping national identity and industrial culture. The article analyzes how innovations and technological achievements of individuals contribute to the formation of national pride, raising awareness, and strengthening the international image of a nation. Special attention is given to inventions that have become symbols of national progress and reflect unique cultural traits embedded in the collective consciousness of the people. The study emphasizes the importance of invention as an integral part of national culture and its significance in building a society focused on innovation and development. In particular, the research highlights the most important moments in the life and scientific activity of a prominent Polish inventor closely connected with Odesa. It traces the evolution of creative ideas and the diversity of interests of Stefan Drzewiecki, whose multifaceted and extraordinary creative interests are reflected in innovations that were groundbreaking in the mechanical engineering of that time. Special attention is given to inventions in the field of submarine construction, particularly the creation of the first military submarine prototype. The structural features of the submarine stimulated further research, which, in turn, led to new inventions. These included the development of an autonomous power system using batteries, an oxygen storage and supply system, and equipment for submarine maneuvering. Many of the proposed solutions were revolutionary for their time and significantly advanced global shipbuilding.
SULFIDATION OF OXIDIZED LEAD AND ZINC WITH PYRITE-BEARING LEAD-AND-ZINC ORE
Authors: АНТРОПОВА И.Г. , МЕРИНОВ А.А. , ГУЛЯШИНОВ П.А. , ДАМДИНОВ Б.Б.
Published: October 2024

Показана перспективность совместного обжига труднообогатимых окисленных и сульфидных свинцово-цинковых руд Озерного месторождения на стадии подготовки сырья к флотации. При совместном обжиге окисленной свинцово-цинковой руды с сульфидной рудой при 650 - 700 °С происходит селективное окисление пирита с образованием серосодержащих агентов и сульфидирование труднообогатимых окисленных минералов свинца и цинка. Экспериментально доказано, что селективное окисление пирита сопровождается дезинтеграцией по межфазным границам сульфидных минералов свинца и цинка. Основными продуктами взаимодействий являются ZnS, PbS, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, что значительно облегчит дальнейшее флотационное обогащение. Использование предлагаемого способа переработки полиметаллических руд позволит вовлечь в производство не только окисленные свинцово-цинковые руды, но и труднообогатимые сульфидные, увеличить срок работы горнодобывающего предприятия и снизить техногенную нагрузку на окружающую среду. Образцы охарактеризованы методами рентгенофазового анализа, дифференциальной сканирующей калориметрии, оптической микроскопии, химического анализа и методом Ритвельда с использованием программы TOPAS.

The article proves the promising nature of joint roasting of rebellious oxidized and sulfide lead-and-zinc ore from Ozerny deposit at the stage of ore preparation for flotation. The joint roasting of lead-and-zinc ore and sulfide ore initiates generation of sulfur-containing agents and sulfidation of rebellious oxidized lead and zinc. It is experimentally proved that selective oxidation of pyrite proceeds together with disintegration of lead and zinc along the interphase boundaries. The main products of such interaction are ZnS, PbS, Fe3O4 and Fe2O3, which can greatly facilitate flotation later on. This method of complex ore processing can potentiate commercialization of oxidized lead-and-zinc ore and rebellious sulfide ore, can prolong service life of mines and mitigate the environmental impact of the industry. The produced samples are analyzed and described using the X-ray phase analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, optical microscopy, chemical analysis, Rietveld refinement and program TOPAS.
FLOODING OF OPEN PIT AND UNDERGROUND MINES IN THE CHELYABINSK COAL FIELD: CONSEQUENCES, PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
Authors: РЫБНИКОВА Л.С. , РЫБНИКОВ П.А. , СМИРНОВ А.Ю.
Published: October 2024

Приведены результаты анализа современной гидрогеологической ситуации и прогноз ее развития в пределах Челябинского угольного бассейна на постэксплуатационном этапе. Рассмотрены техногенные объекты в районе шахты “Красная горнячка”, разреза Копейский и Коркинский и определены основные проблемы, возникающие при затоплении. Приведены горно-гидрологические прогнозы и план мероприятий, исключающие подтопление данных территорий.

The authors examine the present-day hydrogeological situation and its post-mining phase forecast in the Chelyabinsk Coal Field. Geotechnical facilities in the areas of Krasnaya Gornyachka Mine and Kopeisk and Korkino Open Pit Mines are discussed. The problems to arise during flooding are identified. The hydrological forecasts and an action plan to prevent underflooding in the study areas are presented.
TEMPORARY STRUCTURE FORMATION IN GRANULAR MEDIA UNDER PERIODIC SHEAR: NUMERICAL MODELING AND EXPERIMENT
Authors: КОСЫХ В.П. , МИКЕНИНА О.А.
Published: October 2024

Проведена серия лабораторных экспериментов по циклическому деформированию сыпучей среды на приборе однородного сдвига. Стационарные краевые условия в течение сотен тысяч циклов сдвига приводят к нестационарной реакции среды. В среде наблюдаются периоды колебаний напряжений порядка десятков, сотен и тысяч циклов. Причина нестационарной реакции среды связана с периодическим формированием и разрушением системы кластеров и силовых цепочек. С использованием метода дискретных элементов выполнено численное моделирование циклического сдвига сыпучей среды по аналогичной программе нагружения, которое показало адекватность применения указанного численного метода и соответствие полученных результатов данным лабораторных экспериментов.

The authors implemented a series of lab-scale cyclic shear deformation tests of granular medium. The steady-state boundary conditions kept for the hundreds of thousands shear cycles result in the time-varying response of the test medium. The periods of stress fluctuations of the order of tens, hundreds and thousands cycles are observed in the medium. The time-varying response of the medium is connected with periodic formation and deformation of clusters and force chains in the medium. The DEM-based numerical modeling of cyclic shear of a granular medium with the same loading program as in the tests shows the adequacy of the discrete element method and the agreement of the numerical and experimental data.
MULTI-ATTRIBUTE RANKING OF ENTITIES FOR LIMESTONE SUPPLY UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF VARIABLE THERMAL POWER COMPLEX STRUCTURE
Authors: ВУЙИЧ С. , ПРАШТАЛО Ж. , ПОПОВИЧ М. , СТЕПАНОВИЧ П. , НЕШКОВИЧ Я.
Published: October 2024

Представлена модель многоатрибутного ранжирования параметров производственных объектов как возможный подход к решению задач по оптимизации поставок на угольные ТЭЦ известняка, использующегося в качестве сорбента. Учитываются экологические требования, обеспечивающие очистку дымовых газов от серы, качество сырья, важность рациональной подачи известняка. Исследования выполнены на основе модели Promethee.

The supply of coal-fired thermal power plants with limestone as a sorbent in the flue gas desulfurization process highlights two key issues. Apart from the raw material quality adequate to meet the technological conditions of the installed desulfurization plants in thermal power systems with several potential production and user entities, the question of rational limestone supply arises. The paper presents a multi-attribute ranking model as a possible approach to solving such tasks.
Unusual Lifespan of Edwards' Syndrome in COVID-19 Era
Authors: Suryaningrat Filla Reviyani , Hudayari Devatri , Amalda Ediwan Natasha , Rita Mardhiya Wan , Aprilia Kadi Fiva , Primadi Aris , Yuniati Tetty
Published: October 2024

Edwards' syndrome is caused by an extra chromosome on the 18th chromosome. Patients with this diagnosis have median survival of only 3-14.5 days, with the majority of infants with full trisomy 18 type die before or shortly after they are born. There is only supportive treatment available for Edwards’ syndrome. During the COVID-19 pandemic, providing health services was challenging, leading to less than optimum treatments added by patients’ reluctance to visit healthcare facilities due to the fear of COVID-19 transmission. This case study presented an infant with Edwards’ syndrome with major malformation. The patient had several organ problems, was admitted to the NICU, and continued with home care for monitoring for 6 months. Patient then died at 9 months of age. Maintaining the best quality of life for this patient was very challenging for parents and healthcare providers. Since the management for this type of sydnome is more palliative, good education, information, and psychosocial supports for the parents are needed to prepare them with the worst conditions, which was especially more challenging during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Correlation between Kupffer Cell Infiltration and Liver Parenchymal Cell Damages in Immunosuppressed Drugs-Induced Rats
Authors: Pargaputri Agni Febrina , Wahjuningsih Endah , Andriani Dwi
Published: October 2024

The liver is the largest organ in the body, composed of both parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells. Chemical substances and various drugs can induce liver injury and involve Kupffer cells which are non-parenchymal cells that release biologically active substances, promoting pathological processes. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between the number of Kupffer cells and liver parenchymal cell damages in immunosuppressed, drug-induced rats. The study was conducted from July to December 2019 at the Oral Biology Laboratory of the Faculty of Dentistry and the Biochemical Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine at Universitas Hang Tuah Surabaya. Twelve healthy male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: Healthy (H) and Immunosuppressed Drug-Induced (ID) groups. Immunosuppression was induced using dexamethasone (0.5 mg/day/rat), administered orally for 14 days, combined with tetracycline (1%/day/rat). Liver samples from all rats were examined for Kupffer cell count and parenchymal cell damages were assessed using a light microscope with 400x magnification. Results revealed a significant difference in the number of Kupffer cells and liver parenchymal cell damages between the H and ID groups (p<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis indicated a significant correlation between Kupffer cell number and parenchymal cell damages (p=0.000). Continuous administration of immunosuppressive drugs may activate Kupffer cells, leading to damage of liver parenchymal cells. In conclusion, the infiltration of Kupffer cells is associated with liver parenchymal cell damages, mediated by various factors in the immunosuppressed drug-induced rat model.
Powrót kobiet na rynek pracy po przerwie związanej z obowiązkami rodzinnymi w krajach Grupy Wyszehradzkiej w latach 2015–2020
Authors: Rutkowska Anna
Published: October 2024

Celem opracowania jest przedstawienie oraz ocena wybranych aspektów związanych z biernością zawodową kobiet spowodowaną obowiązkami opiekuńczymi i powrotem matek na rynek pracy w krajach Grupy Wyszehradzkiej.Na potrzeby realizacji postawionego celu sformułowano następujące pytania badawcze:1. Czy obowiązki opiekuńcze stanowią główną przyczynę bierności zawodowej kobiet w krajach Grupy V4?2. Jaką szansę na powrót z bierności zawodowej do zatrudnienia mają kobiety w krajach Grupy Wyszehradzkiej?3. Czy fakt posiadania dziecka istotnie wpływa na status kobiet na rynku pracy? Jak ta zależność zmieniała się w czasie i jak duże różnice w tym zakresie występowały pomiędzy badanymi krajami?4. Czy i w jaki sposób posiadanie dzieci wpływa na podejmowanie przez kobiety pracy w niepełnym wymiarze godzin?Podstawę analiz stanowiły dane pochodzące z baz Eurostat z lat 2015–2020. Zakres opracowania obejmuje analizę statystyczną i próbę oceny zmian wybranych wskaźników rynku pracy, wśród których można wymienić przepływy kobiet z bierności zawodowej do zatrudnienia, wskaźniki zatrudnienia wśród kobiet z dzieckiem i bez, przyczyny bierności zawodowej kobiet, przyczyny podejmowania przez kobiety pracy na część etatu oraz wpływ posiadania dziecka na status kobiet na rynku pracy oraz odsetek kobiet pracujących w niepełnym wymiarze czasu pracy.Z przeprowadzonych analiz wynikają następujące wnioski. Opieka nad dziećmi i inne obowiązki rodzinne stanowiły jedną z najczęstszych przyczyn bierności zawodowej kobiet w krajach Grupy V4. Zwykle posiadanie dziecka wiązało się z niższym odsetkiem zatrudnionych kobiet. W badanych krajach stopy odpływów kobiet z bierności zawodowej do zatrudnienia były zdecydowanie niższe niż w przypadku średniej dla krajów UE. Najmniejszą szansę na powrót z bierności zawodowej do zatrudnienia miały Polki. Zazwyczaj wśród kobiet bezdzietnych wskaźniki zatrudnienia kształtowały się na wyższym poziomie niż w przypadku matek. Obowiązki rodzinne i opiekuńcze stanowiły jeden z najczęstszych powodów podejmowania przez kobiety pracy na część etatu. W badanym okresie odsetek kobiet, które jako przyczynę pracy w niepełnym wymiarze wskazywały opiekę nad dziećmi, wzrósł w każdym z badanych krajów. Kobiety w krajach Grupy V4 korzystały z elastycznego czasu pracy zdecydowanie rzadziej niż kobiety w krajach UE.
Bariery rozwoju gospodarki cyfrowej w Polsce
Authors: Gasz Małgorzata
Published: October 2024

Zjawisko cyfryzacji gospodarki staje się coraz bardziej powszechne i należy oczekiwać, że trend ten będzie się nasilał. Nie ulega wątpliwości, że nowe technologie i cyfryzacja wpływają i nadal będą wpływać na zmianę wielu dziedzin życia, w tym m.in. sposobu wykonywania pracy, komunikacji, prowadzenia biznesu czy realizacji transakcji finansowych. Powszechność tego zjawiska nie oznacza jednak, że wszyscy członkowie społeczeństwa staną się równoprawnymi beneficjentami zachodzących zmian. Celem pracy jest próba oceny potencjału cyfrowego polskiej gospodarki oraz identyfikacja barier rozwojowych gospodarki cyfrowej w Polsce. Dla realizacji obranego celu wykorzystano następujące metody badawcze: przegląd literatury, prezentację i analizę materiałów źródłowych oraz analizę krytyczną. Okres badawczy obejmuje lata 2018–2022. Hipoteza badawcza brzmi: tempo zmian w zakresie budowy gospodarki cyfrowej w Polsce jest zbyt wolne. W kontekście działań podejmowanych w kierunku budowy gospodarki cyfrowej Polska poprawiła wskaźniki obrazujące poziom rozwoju infrastruktury technicznej oraz publicznych usług cyfrowych, zwiększył się również poziom podstawowych cyfrowych kompetencji Polaków. Jednak w obszarach takich jak: liczba specjalistów ICT, poziom ponadpodstawowych umiejętności cyfrowych czy wykorzystanie AI w firmach osiągnęła znacznie słabsze postępy. Nieznajomość lub niedostateczna biegłość w przyswajaniu i wykorzystaniu możliwości, jakie stwarzają technologie informacyjno-komunikacyjne, uniemożliwiać będzie pełne uczestnictwo w cyfrowym świecie podmiotom, które nie nabywając i nie podnosząc kompetencji cyfrowych mogą zostać wykluczone z cyfrowego świata współczesnych technologii. W orbicie zainteresowań pracodawców funkcjonujących w mocno konkurencyjnym środowisku powinno leżeć uzupełnianie luk w zakresie niezbędnych z punktu widzenia interesu firmy umiejętności pracowników m.in. poprzez organizację lub/i finansowanie profesjonalnych szkoleń. Współcześnie, w dobie społeczeństwa informacyjnego, dostęp do technologii cyfrowych oraz umiejętność ich używania stanowią kluczowy czynnik determinujący jakość i poziom życia oraz są wyznacznikiem pozycji społeczno-zawodowej.
Inkluzyjne mechanizmy przezwyciężenia opóźnień technologicznych polskiej gospodarki
Authors: Sala Jolanta , Tańska Halina
Published: October 2024

Gwałtowny rozwój techniki i technologii w minionych pięćdziesięciu latach inspiruje do holistycznego badania tego zjawiska zarówno z perspektywy prospektywnej, jak i retrospektywnej. Analiza retrospektywna ma szczególne znaczenie dla zgłębienia podstaw potencjału polskiej gospodarki, która podlegała w tym okresie bezprecedensowym przemianom politycznym i społeczno-gospodarczym. Artykuł wpisuje się w podejmowane próby określenia opóźnień technologicznych polskiej gospodarki i zidentyfikowania technologicznych luk rozwojowych.
Niniejsze opracowanie stanowi syntezę badań przeprowadzonych zgodnie z opracowaną metodyką zmierzającą do wyabstrahowania prawidłowości wynikających z polskiej specyfiki wpływu polityki, biznesu i nauki w uwarunkowaniach globalnych. Zastosowanie metody agregacji ogromnej liczby innowacyjnych rozwiązań do dziewięciu agregatów pozwoliło na uogólnienia ujawniające spiralę moderującą kierunki rozwojowe i promocyjne przez komercyjne laboratoria biznesu oraz polityków, ale w cieniu polskiego środowiska naukowego/akademickiego.
Wśród zidentyfikowanych zjawisk rozwojowych oraz mechanizmów moderowania rozwoju techniki i technologii wyeksponowano m.in. pogłębiającą się lukę analityków oraz projektantów systemów informacyjnych i sztucznej inteligencji, a także rynkową „tyranię postępu”. Natomiast wśród zidentyfikowanych mechanizmów przezwyciężenia istotnych „opóźnień technologicznych” wszystkie mają charakter inkluzyjny oraz wymagają roztropnego abstrahowania od agresji promocyjnej i roztropnej priorytetyzacji w celu wyważenia obiektywnej prawdy dotyczącej rzeczywistego i trwałego kierunku rozwoju techniki i technologii, a przede wszystkim konieczności przezwyciężenia trudnych warunków rynkowych dla rodzimych rozwiązań, produktów, zespołów i firm innowacyjnych (po stronie popytu i podaży). Zasygnalizowano potrzebę uwzględnienia aspektów humanizacji i rewolucji/ewolucji kulturowej.
Ustawa scaleniowa z 1933 roku a problem ubezpieczeń brackich
Authors: Danowska-Prokop Barbara
Published: October 2024

Odrodzone państwo polskie podjęło trud zbudowania nowoczesnego systemu ubezpieczeń społecznych stojącego na straży ładu społecznego i scalania państwowości. W tym miejscu należy nadmienić, że na Górnym Śląsku funkcjonował dualizm w zakresie ubezpieczeń społecznych, który wynikał z postanowień prawa międzynarodowego (traktatu wersalskiego oraz konwencji górnośląskiej) i niemieckich uregulowań w zakresie ubezpieczeń społecznych. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest zaprezentowanie specyfiki ubezpieczeniowej Górnego Śląska w kontekście prób ujednolicenia systemu ubezpieczeń społecznych. Tak sformułowany cel wymusił wykorzystanie metody analizy źródeł prawnych, metody opisu i metody badań źródłowych. Proces scalania ubezpieczeń przyczynił się do wprowadzenia w całym kraju, z wyjątkiem Górnego Śląska, powszechnego ubezpieczenia chorobowego i wypadkowego. Proces ten przyczynił się także do zafunkcjonowania obowiązkowego ubezpieczenia emerytalnego dla robotników i jednolitego ubezpieczenia na wypadek bezrobocia oraz powszechnego ubezpieczenia pracowników umysłowych.
Advancing meat safety diverse approaches for bovine tuberculosis detection and control in abattoirs
Authors: Khairy Elbarbary Nady , M. Al-Qaaneh Ayman , M. Bekhit Mounir , Fotouh Ahmed , S. Madkour Bahaa , M.L. Malak Nermeen , Hadad Ghada , M. Maher Zainab , M. Salem Mohamed , Abdelhaseib Maha
Published: October 2024

Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) still represents a significant public health concern and economic issue for livestock breeders in Egypt. This research investigates the incidence of bovine tuberculosis in cattle slaughtered at the central abattoir in Aswan, Egypt, in 2023. A total of 720 cattle were checked antemortem and postmortem at the abattoir. The suspected lesions were analyzed with acid-fast staining, microscopy, histology, ELISA, and RT-PCR. Based on gross tubercle lesions, the overall occurrence of bovine tuberculosis in cattle slaughtered at Aswan abattoirs was 3.2% (23/720), with thoracic lymph nodes and lungs exhibiting the highest frequency of tubercle lesions compared to other organs. According to employed diagnostic tests, the prevalence of tuberculosis was estimated as 68.6, 61, 56.5, and 78.3% for microscopy, histopathology, ELISA, and RT-PCR, respectively. These findings highlight the incidence of bovine tuberculosis and the dissemination of tuberculous lesions among cattle slaughtered at Aswan abattoirs. Furthermore, such prevalence emphasizes the urgent need for a practical disease control approach and an organized surveillance system in the cattle population. One Health strategy is strongly advised to mitigate the zoonotic transmission to people and economic losses in the cattle industry.
The Right to Health Protection in the Constitutions of the Countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States: A Comparative Legal Study
Authors: Sivokoneva Polina
Published: October 2024

Introduction: the paper discusses the current problems of constitutional law concerning the provisions of the basic law of the CIS countries on health protection. The advantages and disadvantages of various formulations of the right to health protection are analyzed, and the question of its parties is raised. The purpose of the study is to consider the possibility of formulating a universal model of the right to health protection through the analysis of existing rights in the CIS countries. Methods: as the main one, the comparative legal method of scientific research is used to analyze and compare the constitutional provisions of the CIS countries. Results: based on the conducted research, the opinion on the possibility of identifying a universal model of the right to health protection is substantiated. The author’s classification of the right to medical care is given depending on the conditions of its provision. Conclusions: despite the fundamental similarity of the provisions of the constitutions of the CIS countries, they differ in a number of parameters: parties, the completeness of powers, and the identification of additional rights. It is noted that the right to health protection is most fully represented in the Constitution of this country. However, the existing wording could be supplemented with a guarantee of medical insurance and an indication of qualified medical care.
The Analysis of Problems Arising in the Exercise of the Right to Paternity in Family Law
Authors: Ablyatipova Natalia
Published: October 2024

Introduction: the global changes in the world erasing not only the patriarchal model of the family, but also the level of internal self-awareness and responsibility at the birth of a child in general, emphasize the need to consider the content of the models of the mother and father from a legal point of view, identifying not the socio-psychological root causes of this phenomenon in the modern world, but their consequence for the legal environment of the development of the institute of childhood. The statutory norms on paternity in modern law require detailed interpretation and improvement. Despite the equality of the rights of parents in parental legal relations, today there are separate differences in the legal status of the mother and father in the legislation. In this regard, the author set a goal: to analyze the problems that arise in the exercise of the right of paternity. Results: the peculiarities of the problem of establishing paternity, the peculiarities of the legal status of the father, including surrogacy, are studied. The problems of contesting paternity and determining the child’s place of residence and communication with parents are highlighted. Based on the analysis of the legislation, conclusions are drawn about the presence of certain elements of inequality in the legal status of the mother and father of the child. Most provisions curtail the rights of fathers. According to the results of the study, it is found that further improvement of the family legislation should be systematically aimed at eliminating the inequality of parental legal relations between the mother and the father of the child.
The Image and Appearance of a Citizen as Objects of Civil Rights: The Relationship of Concepts
Authors: Ivanov Andrey
Published: October 2024

Introduction: the scientific paper solves the problem of the correlation of categories of appearance and image of a citizen as objects of civil rights. The author has established the interrelation and interdependence of the appearance and image of a citizen, as well as the identity and features of these intangible benefits, which are objects of relevant personal non-property rights, allowing solving the problem of establishing the legal regime of these objects. The analysis of the positions of representatives of the scientific community on the assessment of the independent legal nature of the image of a citizen in the context of its relationship with the appearance is carried out. It is stated that there is no unified approach to assessing the relationship between the right to image and the right to appearance; there is no unified approach to determining the object mediating these personal non-property rights. The purpose of the work is to solve the problem of the correlation of the legal categories of appearance and image as objects of civil rights by identifying the criteria for their differentiation, substantiating their independent nature based on the established features. Methods: the purpose of the study has determined the use of the dialectical method of scientific cognition in the analysis of the problem of interest, in its entirety using the methods of analysis and synthesis. Results: based on the studied scientific positions, as well as the provisions of the legislation, the different legal nature of the categories of appearance and image as objects of civil rights is established. The criteria allowing distinguishing the specified objects are revealed. The results of the study will serve as a basis for further doctrinal research of these related phenomena of private law science. Conclusions: based on the revealed differences, it is justified that appearance and image are different objects of civil rights. The citizen’s right to the inviolability of the image and the right to appearance are not in a relationship of subordination, and one right does not condition the other, and these rights have an independent legal nature from each other, which is expressed in the special objects of legal protection, the specifics of the focus of protection of these rights and various legal regimes for the protection of these rights. The concept of the image of a citizen as an object of civil rights is formulated.