bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design, synthesis and structure–activity relationship of novel pyrazole‐4‐carboxamide derivatives
Authors: Wang Gang , Liang Shuang , Lang Jie , Ying Junwu , Shan Zhonggang , Lv Liang , Li Bin , Yang Huibin
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Plant diseases seriously decrease the yield and quality of agricultural crops. Fungicide treatments remain the main means of field fungi control. However, the residual activity of fungicides is rapidly reduced due to various factors in the natural environment, therefore the development of agents with novel modes of action is desirable. It is highly required to design and develop new fungicides to address the resistance issue. Designing low impact chemicals to safely and sustainably address needs of agriculture.

RESULTS

In this work, we used the highly active fluxapyroxad and flutolanil as parent structures, to design and synthesize a series of pyrazole‐4‐carboxamide derivatives. Some of the pyrazole‐4‐carboxamide derivatives exhibit fungicidal activities that are comparable to or higher than those of the commercialized fungicides fluxapyroxad and bixafen. In particular, compounds TM‐1, TM‐2, TM‐3, TM‐4, TM‐5, TM‐7 and TM‐8 showed excellent fungicidal activities against corn rust that were 2–4 times higher than those of fluxapyroxad and bixafen. Field trial results demonstrated that at the same dosage levels, compound TM‐2 exhibited comparable field control efficacy against wheat rust as compared to triadimefon and pyrazophenamide. Molecular docking simulations reveal that compound TM‐2 interacts with TRP 173 of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) through hydrogen bonding, which could explain the probable mechanism of action between compound TM‐2 and the target protein.

CONCLUSION

These results indicate that compound TM‐2 may be a promising fungicide candidate and provide valuable reference for further investigation. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Investigating Entropic Dynamics of Multiqubit Cavity QED System
Authors: Miao Hui‐hui
Published: September 2024

Entropic dynamics of a multiqubit cavity quantum electrodynamics system is simulated and various aspects of entropy are explored. In the modified version of the Tavis–Cummings–Hubbard model, atoms are held in optical cavities through optical tweezers and can jump between different cavities through the tunneling effect. The interaction of atom with the cavity results in different electronic transitions and the creation and annihilation of corresponding types of photon. Electron spin and the Pauli exclusion principle are considered. Formation and break of covalent bond and creation and annihilation of phonon are also introduced into the model. The system is bipartite. The effect of all kinds of interactions on entropy is studied. And the von Neumann entropy of different subsystems is compared. The results show that the entropic dynamics can be controlled by selectively choosing system parameters, and the entropy values of different subsystems satisfy certain inequality relationships.
A Novel Authenticated Quantum Anonymous Secret Sharing for Classical and Quantum Information
Authors: Wang Qingle , Xu Yixi , Li Guodong , Han Yunguang , Zhou Yuqian , Li Xin , Cheng Long
Published: September 2024

Anonymous secret sharing (ASS) is an essential cryptographic concept that facilitates the sharing and reconstruction of secret information while safeguarding the identity of the involved secret receivers, which has broad applications in key management, data backup, and distributed systems. In this study, a novel authenticated quantum anonymous secret sharing (QASS) protocol that emphasizes information privacy and identity anonymity protection is proposed. Employing ‐level multipartite GHZ states as a quantum resource, one‐sided anonymous entanglement (AE) is innovatively established between the dealer and anonymous receivers, enabling the dealer to distribute a random share of secret information. Additionally, by establishing a one‐sided AE between anonymous receivers and restorer, the restorer can securely collect and reconstruct the secret information using quantum teleportation (QT). Rigorous security analysis demonstrates that protocol can resist attacks from active adversaries and potentially dishonest users. Quantum experiments on IBM Qiskit validate the correctness and feasibility of the proposed QASS protocol. This work contributes to the advancement of quantum anonymous communication, addressing the requirements for information privacy and identity anonymity in practical application environments.
Neurological Implications of Poxvirus Infections: Pathogenesis, Neurotropism, and Clinical Manifestations
Authors: Alissa Mohammed , Alzahrani Khalid J. , Alsuwat Meshari A.
Published: September 2024

Poxviridae is a diverse family of double‐stranded DNA viruses, historically significant for diseases like smallpox caused by variola virus (VARV). These viruses exhibit unique cytoplasmic replication strategies, large genomes encoding numerous proteins, and the ability to cause severe cutaneous and systemic diseases. Recent attention has focused on their neurotropic potential, including mechanisms of CNS invasion, immune‐mediated damage, and clinical manifestations such as encephalitis and myelitis. This review synthesises current knowledge on poxvirus neurotropism, highlighting pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical implications.
Chronotopes of Transnational Literacies: How Youth Live and Imagine Social Worlds in their Digital Media Practices
Authors: Lam Wan Shun Eva , Wu Jue
Published: September 2024

This study explores the transnational literacies that contribute to creating online social connections among migrant youth that may support their development and navigation of life across countries. We examine how social connectedness is semiotically constructed through time–space framing among two youth of Chinese descent who were participants of a larger study of the digital media practices of young people in an urban high school. We build on the concept of chronotope (Bakhtin, 1981) and scholarship of transnational literacies to understand the space–time dimensions of digital literacy practices, specifically how youth create the spatiotemporal context or frame of reference for their actions and positionings with others across geographical distances. Using a case study approach with data from interviews and observations, we analyzed how the youth depicted their transnational social relations within particular time–space frames. Qualitative and discourse analyses of the youths' narrative accounts show that they positioned themselves in proximity with their transnational peers within particular time–space contexts that supported their actions and emotions, and how they made sense of events, issues, practices, and their own identities as transnational individuals. The youths' ideas of schooling and education, and attunement to nationalistic ideologies, were developed through multiple chronotopes in their social connections across countries. This study offers implications for how an attention to the transnational spatiotemporal frame of youths' discourse and narrative may give us a more nuanced understanding of the subjectivity, knowledge, and perspective they derive from their experiences of movement and connection across borders.
(Don't fear) the factors: An item‐level meta‐analysis of the fear of COVID‐19 Scale's factor structure and measurement invariance
Authors: Jimenez William P. , Zeytonli Asiye , Nabulsi Yasmine , Hu Xiaoxiao
Published: September 2024

The global COVID‐19 pandemic saw marked research and clinical interest in evaluating pandemic‐related distress, namely fear and anxiety regarding infection and death. The most widely used and earliest developed measure of COVID‐19 distress is Ahorsu et al. (2022) seven‐item Fear of COVID‐19 Scale (FCV‐19S). To investigate the factor structure and measurement equivalence of the FCV‐19S, we conducted an item‐level meta‐analysis synthesizing 1155 effect sizes across k = 55 independent samples comprising N = 71,161 individuals. We found that a two‐factor measurement model comprising a four‐item Emotional factor and a three‐item Psychosomatic factor exhibits better fit than the originally proposed single‐factor measurement model. Moreover, the bidimensional FCV‐19S exhibits partial scalar/strong invariance across the general population, healthcare workers, schoolteachers, and university students as well as partial metric/weak invariance across samples from Bangladesh, China, Japan, Pakistan, Poland, and Portugal. Despite the theoretical and practical implications of these findings, more primary research across a wider range of sample types and countries is undoubtedly needed for further evaluation of the FCV‐19S's psychometric properties and generalizability.
Long‐term psycho‐traumatic consequences of the COVID‐19 health crisis among emergency department healthcare workers
Authors: Douplat Marion , Curtet Marie , Termoz Anne , Subtil Fabien , Elsensohn Mad Hélénie , Mazza Stéphanie , Jacquin Laurent , Clément Bénédicte , Fassier Jean‐Baptiste , Nohales Ludivine , Berthiller Julien , Haesebaert Julie , Tazarourte Karim
Published: September 2024

Assess the changes in post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), burnout, anxiety, depression, jobstrain, and isostrain levels over time among healthcare workers in emergency departments (EDs) after successive outbreaks of COVID‐19. A prospective, multicenter study was conducted in 3 EDs and an emergency medical service. Healthcare workers who participated in our previous study were invited to participate in a follow‐up 16 and 18 months and completed the questionnaires to assess symptoms of PTSD, burnout, anxiety, depression, jobstrain, and isostrain. Among the 485 healthcare workers asked to participate, 211 (43.5%) completed the survey at inclusion (122 were followed up at 3 months) and 59 participate to the follow‐up study. At 16 months, 10.9% of healthcare workers had symptoms of PTSD and 17.4% at 18 months. At inclusion, 33.5% and 11.7% of healthcare workers had symptoms of anxiety and depression, respectively. A decrease in anxiety between inclusion and 16 months (p = 0.02) and an increase between 16 and 18 months (p = 0.009) was observed. At inclusion, 40.8% of all healthcare workers had symptoms of burnout. There was an increase in symptoms of burnout between inclusion and 18 months (p = 0.006). At inclusion, 43.2% and 29.5% of healthcare workers were exposed to jobstrain and isostrain, respectively. Jobstrain were higher among paramedics and administrative staff compared to physicians (p = 0.001 and p = 0.026, respectively). Successive outbreaks of COVID‐19 led to long‐term mental health consequences among ED healthcare workers that differed according to occupation. This must be taken into account to rethink the management of teams.
Do makerspaces affect entrepreneurship? If so, who, how, and when?
Authors: Bao Jiayi
Published: September 2024

Research Summary

Makerspaces are physical spaces that offer individuals fabrication tools and materials (e.g., 3D printers) to make artifacts. Although not designed specifically for entrepreneurs, these spaces offer affordable access to rapid prototyping infrastructure. This study examines whether makerspaces affect entrepreneurship and, if so, who, how, and when. Leveraging hand‐collected data on US makerspaces and large archival data on Kickstarter projects, I show that makerspaces positively affect entrepreneurial participation and subsequent commercialization outcomes. However, these effects are mostly specific to hardware (vs. nonhardware) activities that typically involve physical prototypes. I find that the effect on entry is driven more by new (vs. established) but intentional (vs. accidental) entrepreneurs and that the effect on commercialization comes from two operating and complementary channels—resource provision and social facilitation.

Managerial Summary

Despite a few high‐profile anecdotal entrepreneurial successes that emerged from the increasingly popular makerspaces, whether these spaces have large‐scale effects on entrepreneurship remains unclear. Do makerspaces encourage entrepreneurial participation, if so, who? Do makerspaces benefit entrepreneurial commercialization, if so, how? Are there any conditions determining when these effects would occur? This study demonstrates meaningful broad‐based impacts of makerspaces on particular types of entrepreneurship with growth potential. The findings suggest that competitive, prominent accelerators and incubators are not the only avenues for entrepreneurs to achieve commercialization success. Useful insights are discussed for entrepreneurial program managers and policy makers designing systems and structures that support inclusive prosperity for entrepreneurs.
Prognostic significance of socioeconomic deprivation in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hajibandeh Shahab , Efstathiou Anastasia , Hajibandeh Shahin , Al‐Sarireh Ahmad , Al‐Sarireh Hashim , Duffaydar Hamza , Stechman Michael , Egan Richard John , Lewis Wyn G.
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Deprivation is a complex, multifaceted concept and not synonymous with poverty. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic influence of the multiple deprivation index on emergency laparotomy (EL) outcome.

Methods

STROCSS statement standards were followed to conduct a retrospective cohort study. Consecutive 1723 adult patients [median age (range): 66 (18–98), 762 M, and 961 F] undergoing EL over eight years (2014–22) at two hospitals [a tertiary teaching center and district general hospital (DGH)] were studied. Deprivation scores and ranks were derived from patients' postcodes using the Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation and ranks categorized into quartiles. Primary outcome measure was a 30‐day operative mortality (OM).

Results

OM risk was higher in the most deprived quartile (Q1) compared with the least deprived quartile (Q4) (13.2% vs. 7.9% and p = 0.008). Deprivation was an independent predictor of OM on both univariate (unadjusted OR: 1.75, 95% CI 1.17–2.61, and p = 0.006) and multivariable logistic regression analyses (OR: 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.06, and p = 0.023; adjusted for age ≥80 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, need for bowel resection, and peritoneal contamination). Deprivation had poor discriminatory value in predicting OM (AUC: 0.56 and 95% CI 0.54–0.59). Subgroup analysis showed that although the risk of OM was lower in the tertiary center compared with the DGH (7.9% vs. 14.5% and p < 0.001), the predictive significance of deprivation was similar in both hospitals (AUC: 0.54 vs. 0.56 and p = 0.674).

Conclusion

Deprivation is an independent but modest predictor of OM after EL. The potential prognostic value of incorporating deprivation into preoperative risk assessment algorithms deserves further evaluation.
Chiral Homodinuclear Dysprosium Macrocyclic Complexes with Single‐Molecule Magnetic Behaviours
Authors: Cheng Zi‐Hang , Liu Ru‐Chan , Gao Feng
Published: September 2024

A pair of enantiomerically chiral dysprosium homodinuclear complexes: [(acac)4Dy2(R,R,R,R‐L)] (R‐Dy) and [(acac)4Dy2(S,S,S,S‐L)] (S‐Dy) (Hacac=acetylacetone) have been synthesized based on macrocyclic chiral ligands (R,R,R,R‐H2L or S,S,S,S‐H2L), derived from the [2+2] template condensation of 4‐tert‐butyl‐2,6‐diformylphenol, dysprosium acetylacetonate and (1R,2R)‐/(1S,2S)‐1,2‐cyclohexanediamine, respectively. Circular dichroism spectra confirms their enantiomeric chirality. Single‐crystal structures show two crystallographic independent dysprosium(III) ions have square antiprismatic coordination with different D4d local symmetry. Furthermore, the selected R‐Dy complex owns the slow magnetic relaxation behaviour with the ferromagnetic Dy3+⋅⋅⋅Dy3+ coupling.
Significance of tri‐hybrid nanoparticles on the dynamics of Ellis rotating nanofluid with thermal stratification
Authors: Sharif Humaira , Ali Bagh , Saman Iqra , Shah Nehad Ali , El‐Rahman Magda Abd
Published: September 2024

The fluids flow containing nano size particles is essential in industrial applications, especially in nuclear cooling system and nuclear reactor to increase the energy performance. In connection to this, a trihybrid Ellis rotating nanofluid flow through a stretching surface for increasing the heat transportation is presented. By suspending three different types of nano size particles the trihybrid nanofluid is formed with distinct chemical and physical connection into base liquid. In this article, the nano size particles , and are mixed in (water). This type of mixture helps in degradation of noxious substances, cleaning environmental and many other appliances that requires the cooling effect. In addition, the linear thermal radiation is also considered. The governing equations of the flow and fluid temperature are minimized to ordinary differential equations and these equations are solved by Runge Kutta order fourth (RK45) approach. The approximate results are analyzed via graphs and the results reveal that thermal conductivity of trihybrid nano type fluid is more valuable as compared to hybrid and single nanofluid. Higher values of magnetic and rotational parameter have aggrandized the fluid temperature and opposite trend has observed for Ellis and thermal stratification parameter. Moreover, the results are compared with previous literature and found an excellent agreement.
On a dryout point for a stationary incompressible thermal fluid with phase transition in a pipe
Authors: Giga Yoshikazu , Gu Zhongyang
Published: September 2024

A dryout point is recognized as the position where the phase transition from liquid to vapor occurs. In the one‐dimensional case, by solving the stationary incompressible Navier‐Stokes‐Fourier equations with phase transition, we derive a necessary and sufficient condition for a dryout point to exist when the temperature at the liquid‐vapor interface is given. In addition, we show by considering thermodynamics that the temperature at the dryout point and the density of the vapor phase can be determined by given density and sufficiently small injected mass flux of the liquid phase.
Intersection numbers, polynomial division and relative cohomology
Authors: Brunello Giacomo , Chestnov Vsevolod , Crisanti Giulio , Frellesvig Hjalte , Mandal Manoj K. , Mastrolia Pierpaolo
Published: September 2024

Abstract

We present a simplification of the recursive algorithm for the evaluation of intersection numbers for differential n-forms, by combining the advantages emerging from the choice of delta-forms as generators of relative twisted cohomology groups and the polynomial division technique, recently proposed in the literature. We show that delta-forms capture the leading behaviour of the intersection numbers in presence of evanescent analytic regulators, whose use is, therefore, bypassed. This simplified algorithm is applied to derive the complete decomposition of two-loop planar and non-planar Feynman integrals in terms of a master integral basis. More generally, it can be applied to derive relations among twisted period integrals, relevant for physics and mathematical studies.
Flux vacua in type IIB compactifications on orbifolds: their finiteness and minimal string coupling
Authors: Antoniadis Ignatios , Guillen Anthony , Lacombe Osmin
Published: September 2024

Abstract

We perform a detailed study of (supersymmetric) moduli stabilisation in type IIB toroidal orientifolds with fluxes. We provide strong evidence towards exhaustion of the finite number of inequivalent vacua for a given total 3-form flux charge Nflux. We also find that the minimal value of the string coupling gs is given in terms of Nflux and present strong evidence for the asymptotic relation gs, min ∼ $$ c/{N}_{\textrm{flux}}^{\alpha } $$
c
/

N
flux
α

, with α = 1, 2, valid for not too small Nflux, where c is an order 1 coefficient and α depends on the orbifold. Imposing tadpole cancellation, Nflux is bounded from the number of orientifold O3-planes. Combined with the flux quantisation, this forbids orientifold vacua without anti-brane charge. On the other hand, the presence of negative D3-brane charge induced by magnetised D7-branes breaks supersymmetry and relaxes the bound, allowing significantly smaller values for gs.
Hilbert series of bipartite field theories
Authors: Kho Minsung , Seong Rak-Kyeong
Published: September 2024

Abstract

We study the algebraic structure of the mesonic moduli spaces of bipartite field theories by computing the Hilbert series. Bipartite field theories form a large family of 4d$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 supersymmetric gauge theories that are defined by bipartite graphs on Riemann surfaces with boundaries. By calculating the Hilbert series, we are able to identify the generators and defining generator relations of the mesonic moduli spaces of these theories. Moreover, we show that certain bipartite field theories exhibit enhanced global symmetries which can be identified through the computation of the corresponding refined Hilbert series. As part of our study, we introduce two one-parameter families of bipartite field theories defined on cylinders whose mesonic moduli spaces are all complete intersection toric Calabi-Yau 3-folds.
Spontaneous CP violation and partially broken modular flavor symmetries
Authors: Higaki Tetsutaro , Kobayashi Tatsuo , Nasu Kaito , Otsuka Hajime
Published: September 2024

Abstract

We study the realization of spontaneous CP violation through moduli stabilization. In modular flavor models, the source of CP violation is the vacuum expectation values of the complex structure moduli of toroidal compact space. We demonstrate that the combined effects of Type IIB flux compactifications with modular invariant couplings between the moduli and matter fields can induce spontaneous CP violation without or with supersymmetry breaking. Furthermore, some general properties of CP and modular invariant scalar potentials are presented. It is found that certain modifications or partial breakings of modular symmetry are useful in generating spontaneous CP violation.
A foray on SCFT3 via super spinor-helicity and Grassmann twistor variables
Authors: Jain Sachin , K.S Dhruva , Mazumdar Deep , Yadav Shivang
Published: September 2024

Abstract

In this paper, we develop a momentum super space formalism for $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1, 2 superconformal field theories in three dimensions. First, we solve for super-correlators in the usual momentum superspace variables. However, we found that expressing quantities in super space spinor helicity variables greatly simplifies the analysis. Further, by performing a “half” Fourier transform of the Grassmann coordinates which is analogous to the Twistor transform, an even more remarkable simplification occurs. Using this formalism, we first compute all three point correlation functions involving conserved super-currents with arbitrary spins in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1, 2 theories. We discover interesting double copy relations in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 super-correlators. Further, we discovered super double copy relations that take us from $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 to $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 super-correlators. We also extend our results to correlators involving scalars as well as to higher points. Further, we comment on the connection of our results with the flat space super amplitudes in one higher dimension.
Revisiting the time-ordering issue of TMD soft factors: causality, coordinate space analyticity and new equalities
Authors: Liu Yizhuang
Published: September 2024

Abstract

We show that as a result of causality-constrained coordinate space analyticity, the Drell-Yan-shape transverse-momentum dependent soft factor in the exponential regulator allows Euclidean-type parametric representations without cuts, to all orders in perturbation theory. Moreover, it is identical to another soft factor defined with a single time-ordering that has a natural interpretation as a space-like form factor. Furthermore, this relation continues to hold for a larger class of TMD soft factors that interpolate between three different rapidity regulators: the off-light-cone regulator, the finite light-front length regulator, and the exponential regulator.
Dynamical edge modes and entanglement in Maxwell theory
Authors: Ball Adam , Law Y. T. Albert , Wong Gabriel
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Previous work on black hole partition functions and entanglement entropy suggests the existence of “edge” degrees of freedom living on the (stretched) horizon. We identify a local and “shrinkable” boundary condition on the stretched horizon that gives rise to such degrees of freedom. They can be interpreted as the Goldstone bosons of gauge transformations supported on the boundary, with the electric field component normal to the boundary as their symplectic conjugate. Applying the covariant phase space formalism for manifolds with boundary, we show that both the symplectic form and Hamiltonian exhibit a bulk-edge split. We then show that the thermal edge partition function is that of a codimension-two ghost compact scalar living on the horizon. In the context of a de Sitter static patch, this agrees with the edge partition functions found by Anninos et al. in arbitrary dimensions. It also yields a 4D entanglement entropy consistent with the conformal anomaly. Generalizing to Proca theory, we find that the prescription of Donnelly and Wall reproduces existing results for its edge partition function, while its classical phase space does not exhibit a bulk-edge split.
Remote sensing of backward reflection from stimulated axion decay
Authors: Homma Kensuke
Published: September 2024

Abstract

We propose a method for remotely detecting backward reflection via induced decay of cold dark matter such as axion in the background of a propagating coherent photon field. This method can be particularly useful for probing concentrated dark matter streams by Earth’s gravitational lensing effect. Formulae for the stimulated reflection process and the expected sensitivities in local and remote experimental approaches are provided for testing eV scale axion models using broad band lasers. The generic axion-photon coupling is expected to be explorable up to $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(10−12) GeV−1 and $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(10−22) GeV−1 for the idealized local and remote setups, respectively.
Synergy between DUNE and T2HKK to probe invisible neutrino decay
Authors: Dey Zannatun Firdowzy , Dutta Debajyoti
Published: September 2024

Abstract

We address the consequence of invisible neutrino decay within the framework of two long base-line neutrino experiments: T2HKK (Tokai-to-Hyper-Kamiokande-to-Korea) and DUNE (Deep Underground Neutrino experiment). Our primary objective is to bring out the aspects of CC (charged current) and NC (neutral current) measurements at DUNE in the context of invisible neutrino decay. We find that the inclusion of NC measurements with the CC measurements enhances its ability to constrain invisible neutrino decay. Further, the synergy between DUNE and T2HKK improves the constraints on invisible neutrino decay. At 3σ C.L. (confidence level) the derived constraint is τ3/m3 ≥ 6.21 × 10−11 s/eV. Additionally, if nature prefers ν3 to be unstable and the decay width is τ3/m3 = 2.2 × 10−11 s/eV, this combination can exclude the no-decay scenario at more than 5σ C.L. Although the CP sensitivity is not much hindered in the presence of invisible neutrino decay, the measurements of θ23 and the ability to resolve octant of θ23 is significantly influenced in these individual experiments. In the presence of invisible neutrino decay, the synergy between DUNE and T2HKK can exclude the wrong octant somewhat more effectively than either experiment alone.
Flavino dark matter in a non-Abelian discrete flavor model
Authors: Nomura Takaaki , Shimizu Yusuke , Takahashi Towa
Published: September 2024

Abstract

We study a relic density of the “flavino” dark matter in modified Altarelli and Feruglio A4 model which is respecting the SU(2)L × A4 × Z3 × U(1)R symmetry. We calculate the Lagrangian from the superpotential in the model. In estimating the relic density, we consider the relevant interactions from the Lagrangian that realize the vacuum expectation value alignments and charged lepton masses where we assume that the supersymmetry breaking effects are small for “flavon” sector. As a result, we find the degenerate masses between the lightest “flavon” and “flavino”, and only two parameters in the potential determines the relic density. Then the allowed parameter space of these parameters are estimated from the relic density calculation taking a constraint from lepton flavor violation into account. We also briefly discuss other dark matter physics such as the direct detection, indirect detection, and collider search.
Mathematical analysis of the motion of a piston in a fluid with density dependent viscosity
Authors: Jena Vaibhav Kumar , Maity Debayan , Sufian Abu
Published: September 2024

We study a free boundary value problem modelling the motion of a piston in a viscous compressible fluid. The fluid is modelled by 1D compressible Navier–Stokes equations with possibly degenerate viscosity coefficient, and the motion of the piston is described by Newton’s second law. We show that the initial boundary value problem has a unique global in time solution, and we also determine the large time behaviour of the system. Finally, we show how our methodology may be adapted to the motion of several pistons.
Radiological features in pediatric myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease—diagnostic criteria and lesion dynamics
Authors: Pratt Li-tal , Meirson Hadas , Shapira Rootman Mika , Ben-Sira Liat , Shiran Shelly I
Published: September 2024

The spectrum of acquired pediatric demyelinating syndromes has been expanding over the past few years, to include myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), as a distinct neuroimmune entity, in addition to pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) and aquaporin 4-IgG-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4+NMOSD). The 2023 MOGAD diagnostic criteria require supporting clinical or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features in patients with low positive myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein IgG titers or when the titers are not available, highlighting the diagnostic role of imaging in MOGAD. In this review, we summarize the key diagnostic features in MOGAD, in comparison to POMS and AQP4+NMOSD. We describe the lesion dynamics both during attack and over time. Finally, we propose a guideline on timing of imaging in clinical practice.
Long-term follow-up of bone density changes in total hip arthroplasty: comparative analysis from a randomized controlled trial of a porous titanium construct shell vs. a porous coated shell
Authors: Axenhus Michael , Salemyr Mats , Mukka Sebastian , Magnéli Martin , Sköldenberg Olof
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Periacetabular bone loss poses a considerable challenge in the longevity and stability of acetabular implants used in total hip arthroplasty (THA). Innovations in implant design, specifically the introduction of three-dimensional (3D) porous titanium constructs, might reduce bone resorption. The purpose of this study was to build upon our previous randomized controlled trial, which found no change in periacetabular bone loss between a 3D porous none-hydroxyapatite coated titanium cup and a standard porous hydroxyapatite coated cup over a two year follow-up period by extending the follow-up duration to ten years post-surgery.

Methods

This was a single-centre, long-term follow-up study conducted over a ten year period in patients who had previously participated in a randomized controlled trial comparing a 3D porous titanium construct shell (PTC group) with a standard porous hydroxyapatite coated titanium shell (PC-group). The primary outcome measured was the change in bone mineral density (BMD) within four specific periacetabular zones, alongside overall bone loss, which was assessed through BMD in the lumbar spine at two, six and ten years postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included clinical outcome measures.

Results

In total, 18 in the PTC and 20 in the PC group were analysed for the primary endpoint up to ten years. The mean bone mineral density in zones 1–4 was 3.7% higher in the PTC group than in the PC group at six years postoperatively and 12.0% higher at ten years. Clinical outcomes, and the frequency of adverse events did not differ between the groups.

Conclusions

The PTC group displayed superior long-term bone preservation compared to the PC group while maintaining similar clinical outcomes up to ten years postoperatively. Although with a small sample size, our findings suggest that porous titanium cups have the potential to minimize BMD loss around the cup which could contribute to improving THA outcomes and implant durability.
Enhanced Cooling Efficiency of Urban Trees on Hotter Summer Days in 70 Cities of China
Authors: Yang Limei , Ge Jun , Cao Yipeng , Liu Yu , Luo Xing , Wang Shiyao , Guo Weidong
Published: September 2024

Increasing the urban tree cover percentage (TCP) is widely recognized as an efficient way to mitigate the urban heat island effect. The cooling efficiency of urban trees can be either enhanced or attenuated on hotter days, depending on the physiological response of urban trees to rising ambient temperature. However, the response of urban trees’ cooling efficiency to rising urban temperature remains poorly quantified for China’s cities. In this study, we quantify the response of urban trees’ cooling efficiency to rising urban temperature at noontime [∼1330 LT (local time), LT=UTC+8] in 17 summers (June, July, and August) from 2003–19 in 70 economically developed cities of China based on satellite observations. The results show that urban trees have stronger cooling efficiency with increasing temperature, suggesting additional cooling benefits provided by urban trees on hotter days. The enhanced cooling efficiency values of urban trees range from 0.002 to 0.055°C %−1 per 1°C increase in temperature across the selected cities, with larger values for the low-TCP-level cities. The response is also regulated by background temperature and precipitation, as the additional cooling benefit tends to be larger in warmer and wetter cities at the same TCP level. The positive response of urban trees’ cooling efficiency to rising urban temperature is explained mainly by the stronger evapotranspiration of urban trees on hotter days. These results have important implications for alleviating urban heat risk by utilizing urban trees, particularly considering that extreme hot days are becoming more frequent in cities under global warming.
Variation in cystectomy pathology reporting practice—results from an international survey of 212 pathologists
Authors: Griffin Jon , Hartmann Arndt , Comperat Eva
Published: September 2024

The pathological assessment of cystectomy specimens is important for accurate prognostic information and to inform adjuvant therapy decisions. However, there is limited evidence regarding the best approach to fixation, dissection, block selection and microscopic assessment of cystectomies. We report the results of an international survey of 212 pathologists and their approach to cystectomy pathology. There is variation at all stages of the specimen journey including in fixation and dissection techniques, and in the approach to evaluating residual tumour. This is particularly evident in the post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy setting where there is variable use of response scoring systems and differing approaches to sampling. We also find variation in the use of digital and molecular pathology in cystectomy specimens. Finally, we have suggested areas for future research in cystectomy pathological assessment.
Survey of international pediatric nutritional supportive care practices: a report from the Pediatric Study Group of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC)
Authors: Phillips Charles A. , Kennelly Regina , Carroll Catherine , Gibson Faith , Elgarten Caitlin W. , Orsey Andrea , Freedman Jason L.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Malnutrition is common in children with cancer. While multiple validated malnutrition screens exist, there is no universal, standardized approach to screen or diagnose malnutrition. The Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) Pediatric Study Group is focused on oncologic supportive care for children and young adults. This subgroup designed and administered a pilot study to characterize global malnutrition screening, diagnosis, and treatment practices for pediatric patients with cancer after identifying variations in malnutrition practice patterns within its members.

Methods

A novel, exploratory survey was iteratively developed and distributed in early 2020 to 45 MASCC Pediatric Study Group members. The survey included multiple questions with standard patient presentations and nutritional scenarios, and the respondents selected the answer that best reflected the care patients would receive at their institution.

Results

A validated screening tool to assess for malnutrition was routinely used by 15 of 26 respondents (58%). No single validated screen was used by more than 24% of responders, and 11 of 26 (42%) reported not having a standard malnutrition treatment screen. When the same patient was presented with the survey using different malnutrition indicators, patient care plans varied greatly. This was particularly true for z-scores compared to weight percentiles.

Conclusions

Development of consensus recommendations for screening practices, preferred malnutrition indicators, and treatment guidelines could help reduce the underdiagnosis of malnutrition and subsequent variation in its management and ought to be a focus of the global pediatric cancer supportive care community.
Wearable electrochemical device based on butterfly-like paper-based microfluidics for pH and Na+ monitoring in sweat
Authors: Fiore Luca , Mazzaracchio Vincenzo , Antinucci Arianna , Ferrara Roberto , Sciarra Tommaso , Lista Florigio , Shen Amy Q. , Arduini Fabiana
Published: September 2024

A wearable potentiometric device is reported based on an innovative butterfly-like paper-based microfluidic system, allowing for continuous monitoring of pH and Na+ levels in sweat during physical activity. Specifically, the use of the butterfly-like configuration avoids evaporation phenomena and memory effects, enabling precise and timely biomarker determination in sweat. Two ad hoc modified screen-printed electrodes were embedded in the butterfly-like paper-based microfluidics, and the sensing device was further integrated with a portable and miniaturized potentiostat, leveraging Bluetooth technology for efficient data transmission. First, the paper-based microfluidic configuration was tested for optimal fluidic management to obtain optimized performance of the device. Subsequently, the two electrodes were individually tested to detect the two biomarkers, namely pH and Na+. The results demonstrated highly promising near-Nernstian (0.056 ± 0.002 V/dec) and super-Nernstian (− 0.080 ± 0.003 V/pH) responses, for Na+ and pH detection, respectively. Additionally, several important parameters such as storage stability, interferents, and memory effect by hysteresis study were also investigated. Finally, the butterfly-like paper-based microfluidic wearable device was tested for Na+ and pH monitoring during the physical activity of three volunteers engaged in different exercises, obtaining a good correlation between Na+ increase and dehydration phenomena. Furthermore, one volunteer was tested through a cardiopulmonary test, demonstrating a correlation between sodium Na+ increase and the energetic effort by the volunteer. Our wearable device highlights the high potential to enable early evaluation of dehydration and open up new opportunities in sports activity monitoring.

Graphical abstract
Digital analysis of the human maxilla to enable semistandardized template tool reconstructions with free fibula transplants
Authors: Nobis Christopher-Philipp , Kübler Clara , Olmos Manuel , Schulz Katja , Glajzer Jacek , Backhaus Joy , Matta Ragai , Kesting Marco R. , Lutz Rainer
Published: September 2024

Objectives

This study analyzed the human maxilla to support the development of mean-value-based cutting guide systems for maxillary reconstruction, bridging the gap between freehand techniques and virtual surgical planning (VSP).

Materials and methods

This retrospective cohort study used routine CT scans. DICOM data enabled 3D modelling and the maxilla was divided into four regions: paranasal (R1), facial maxillary sinus wall (R2), zygomatic bone (R3) and alveolar process (R4). Surface comparisons were made with a reference skull. Statistical analyses assessed anatomical variations, focusing on mean distance (Dmean), area of valid distance (AVD), integrated distance (ID) and integrated absolute distance (IAD). The study addressed hemimaxillectomy defects for two-segmental reconstructions using seven defined bilateral points to determine segmental distances and angles.

Results

Data from 50 patients showed R2 as the most homogeneous and R4 as the most heterogeneous region. Significant age and gender differences were found in R3 and R4, with younger patients and females having more outliers. Cluster analysis indicated that males had R1 and R3 positioned anterior to the reference skull. The mean angle for segmental reconstruction was 131.24° ± 1.29°, with anterior segment length of 30.71 ± 0.57 mm and posterior length of 28.15 ± 0.86 mm.

Conclusions

Anatomical analysis supported the development of semistandardized segmental resection approaches. Although gender and anatomical differences were noted, they did not significantly impact the feasibility of mean-value-based cutting-guide systems.

Clinical relevance

This study provides essential anatomical data for creating cost-effective and efficient reconstruction options for maxillary defects, potentially improving surgical outcomes and expanding reconstructive possibilities beyond current techniques.
Performance of the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Risk Probability Index (SLERPI) in a cohort of Colombian population
Authors: Celis-Andrade Mariana , Rojas Manuel , Rodríguez Yhojan , Calderon Juan Benjamín , Rodríguez-Jiménez Mónica , Monsalve Diana M. , Acosta-Ampudia Yeny , Ramírez-Santana Carolina
Published: September 2024

Objective

To evaluate the performance of the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Risk Probability Index (SLERPI) in Colombian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods

The Colombian cohort included 435 SLE patients and 430 controls with other autoimmune diseases (ADs). Clinical and serological data were collected, and SLE was indicated by SLERPI scores > 7. The American College of Rheumatology (ACR)-1997, Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC)-2012, and European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR)/ACR-2019 criteria were used as reference standards. The impact of overt polyautoimmunity (PolyA) on SLERPI performance was assessed. Additionally, multivariate lineal regression analysis was performed to evaluate the contribution of SLERPI features to the overall SLERPI score.

Results

SLE patients had higher SLERPI scores (P < 0.0001), with almost 90% meeting "definite" lupus criteria. Main factors influencing SLERPI included immunological disorder (β:44.75, P < 0.0001), malar/maculopapular rash (β:18.43, P < 0.0001), and anti-nuclear antibody positivity (β:15.65, P < 0.0001). In contrast, subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus/discoid lupus erythematosus (β:2.40, P > 0.05) and interstitial lung disease (β:-21.58, P > 0.05) were not significant factors to the overall SLERPI score. SLERPI demonstrated high sensitivity for SLE, both for the overall SLE group and for those without overt PolyA (95.4% and 94.6%, respectively), but had relatively low specificity (92.8% and 93.7%, respectively). The model showed high sensitivity for hematological lupus (98.8%) and lupus nephritis (96.0%), but low sensitivity for neuropsychiatric lupus (93.2%). Compared to the ACR-1997, SLICC-2012 and EULAR/ACR-2019 criteria, SLERPI yielded the highest sensitivity and lowest specificity.

Conclusion

SLERPI efficiently identified SLE patients in a Colombian cohort, showing high sensitivity but low specificity. The model effectively distinguishes SLE patients, even in the presence of concurrent overt PolyA.

Key Points•SLERPI has a high sensitivity, but low specificity compared to ACR-1997, SLICC-2012 and EULAR/ACR-2019 criteria in the Colombian population.•Within the SLERPI score, immunological disorder, malar/maculopapular rash, and anti-nuclear antibody positivity are the strongest predictors of SLE.•SLERPI model can efficiently distinguish patients with SLE, regardless of concomitant overt PolyA.•SLERPI demonstrates high sensitivity in identifying hematological and nephritic subphenotypes of SLE.
Promoting higher education students’ self-regulated learning through learning analytics: A qualitative study
Authors: Kleimola Riina , Hirsto Laura , Ruokamo Heli
Published: September 2024

Learning analytics provides a novel means to support the development and growth of students into self-regulated learners, but little is known about student perspectives on its utilization. To address this gap, the present study proposed the following research question: what are the perceptions of higher education students on the utilization of a learning analytics dashboard to promote self-regulated learning? More specifically, this can be expressed via the following threefold sub-question: how do higher education students perceive the use of a learning analytics dashboard and its development as promoting the (1) forethought, (2) performance, and (3) reflection phase processes of self-regulated learning? Data for the study were collected from students (N = 16) through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using a qualitative content analysis. Results indicated that the students perceived the use of the learning analytics dashboard as an opportunity for versatile learning support, providing them with a means to control and observe their studies and learning, while facilitating various performance phase processes. Insights from the analytics data could also be used in targeting the students’ development areas as well as in reflecting on their studies and learning, both individually and jointly with their educators, thus contributing to the activities of forethought and reflection phases. However, in order for the learning analytics dashboard to serve students more profoundly across myriad studies, its further development was deemed necessary. The findings of this investigation emphasize the need to integrate the use and development of learning analytics into versatile learning processes and mechanisms of comprehensive support and guidance.