bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anthranilamide-masked o-Iodoarylboronic Acids as Coupling Modules for Iterative Synthesis of ortho-Linked Oligoarenes
Authors: Koyanagi Masashi , Eichenauer Nils , Ihara Hideki , Yamamoto Takeshi , Suginome Michinori
Published: May 2013

Anthranilamide (AAM)-masked o-iodoarylboronic acids were prepared from AAM-masked arylboronic acids via Ru-catalyzed o-C–H silylation, followed by iododesilylation with ICl. The Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of AAM-masked o-haloarylboronic acids with arylboronic acids proceeded under ligand-free conditions. Oligo(o-phenylene)s and oligo(naphthalene-2,3-diyl)s were synthesized via iterative Suzuki–Miyaura coupling sequences.
RNA localization in Xenopus oocytes uses a core group of trans-acting factors irrespective of destination
Authors: Snedden Donald D. , Bertke Michelle M. , Vernon Dominic , Huber Paul W.
Published: May 2013

The 3′ untranslated region of mRNA encoding PHAX, a phosphoprotein required for nuclear export of U-type snRNAs, contains cis-acting sequence motifs E2 and VM1 that are required for localization of RNAs to the vegetal hemisphere of Xenopus oocytes. However, we have found that PHAX mRNA is transported to the opposite, animal, hemisphere. A set of proteins that cross-link to the localization elements of vegetally localized RNAs are also cross-linked to PHAX and An1 mRNAs, demonstrating that the composition of RNP complexes that form on these localization elements is highly conserved irrespective of the final destination of the RNA. The ability of RNAs to bind this core group of proteins is correlated with localization activity. Staufen1, which binds to Vg1 and VegT mRNAs, is not associated with RNAs localized to the animal hemisphere and may determine, at least in part, the direction of RNA movement in Xenopus oocytes.
Supply Streams
Authors: Song Jing-Sheng , Zipkin Paul
Published: May 2013

A supply stream is a continuous version of a supply chain. It is like a series inventory system, but stock can be held at any point along a continuum, not just at discrete stages. We assume stationary parameters and aim to minimize the long-run average total cost. We show that a stationary continuous-stage echelon base-stock policy is optimal. That is, at each geographic point along the supply stream, there is a target echelon inventory level, and the optimal policy at all times is to order and dispatch material so as to move the echelon inventory position as close as possible to this target. We establish this result by showing that the solutions to certain discrete-stage systems converge monotonically to a limit, as the distances between the stages become small, and this limit solves the continuous-stage system. With demand approximated by a Brownian motion, we show that, in the continuous-stage limit, the supply stream model is equivalent to one describing first-passage times. This linkage leads to some interesting and useful results. Specifically, we obtain a partial differential equation that characterizes the optimal cost function, and we find a closed-form expression for the optimal echelon base-stock levels in a certain special case, the first in the inventory literature. These expressions demonstrate that the well-known square-root law for safety stock does not apply in this context.
Managing Storable Commodity Risks: The Role of Inventory and Financial Hedge
Authors: Kouvelis Panos , Li Rong , Ding Qing
Published: May 2013

We study how to manage commodity risks (price and consumption volume) via physical inventory and financial hedge in a multiperiod problem (with an interperiod utility function) for a risk-averse firm procuring a storable commodity from a spot market at a random price and a long-term supplier at a fixed price. The firm also has access to financial contracts written on the commodity price, such as futures contracts and call and put options. We examine different cases of financial hedging, for example, single-contract and multicontract hedges. For each case, we dynamically maximize the mean-variance utility of the firm's cash flow and characterize an optimal integrated policy of inventory and hedging, which is easy to compute and implement. We find that as long as futures are used in each period, alone or not, the optimal inventory policy is myopic. The optimal hedging policy, however, is never myopic, but depends on all the future optimal decisions. This is contrary to findings of the literature using intraperiod utility functions, which finds myopic hedging to be optimal. Moreover, we find that hedging may lead to inventory reduction in multiperiod problems. Thus the insights from the single-period studies in the literature—hedging leads to inventory increase—do not apply. Finally, insights are offered on the role and impact of inventory and financial hedge on profitability, variance control, and service level, using both analytical and numerical results.
UK-Trained Doctors' Early Career Choices and Career Progression in Individual Surgical Specialties
Authors: Goldacre MJ , Lambert T , Surman G
Published: May 2013

The planning of specialty training should be informed by knowledge of when doctors make decisions about their choice of career specialty. Our UK nationwide study of career choices showed that about 90% of practising surgeons had indicated their wish to become surgeons when asked during their first year after qualification. Career choices for the surgical specialties as a whole were compared with career choices for non-surgical specialties. We now report on early career choices of and career progression in individual specialties in surgery.
Improving Theatre Efficiency in Hand Surgery Lists
Authors: Popat R , Bhabra G , Smith A
Published: May 2013

The department of health's 2010 spending review dictated that the NHS should deliver efficiency savings of £15–£20 billion between 2011 and 2014. The resulting cuts in hospital budgets have led to renewed efforts to improve efficiency and maximise the use of resources in the public health sector. Operating theatres are a very expensive commodity and evidence suggests that, on average, only 50% of time spent in theatre is actually spent operating. Approximately 20% of the time is spent on patient turnover, with other time being lost to a number of factors including late starts, early finishes, poor list-planning, cancelled sessions or cancellations due to a lack of beds.
The Development of a Basic Surgical Skills Workshop in the West Indies and the Tenth Anniversary of the Caribbean College of Surgeons
Authors: Ansell J , Emin A , Coomer M , Parker MC , Thomas WEG
Published: May 2013

In June 2012 representatives from the Royal College of Surgeons of England (RCS) travelled to the Caribbean island of Trinidad to convene a Basic Surgical Skills (BSS) workshop. This was conducted in conjunction with the Department of Surgical Sciences, part of the University of the West Indies. The workshop was held at Mount Hope Women's Hospital, Port of Spain. This is one of Trinidad's largest tertiary hospitals, housing 340 general purpose beds with a large-volume acute intake. Discussions with local residents revealed that during a 24-hour period at Mount Hope, it is not uncommon to perform multiple emergency laparotomies for penetrating abdominal trauma in the form of gunshot and stabbing. Caribbean junior surgical trainees therefore develop confidence in managing these challenging cases at an early stage in their training.
Saints and Sinner: Sir Richard Owen
Authors: Bellon Richard
Published: May 2013

The presidential address launched the annual meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. Each year a new president provided a broad and accessible summary of the current state of science to a general audience. These talks served as the meeting's intellectual tent-pole. Afterwards attendees fanned out to more specialised events. Most presidents spoke for less than 60 minutes. At the 1858 meeting in leeds, Richard Owen pummelled his audience for nearly three hours. He dedicated much of his time to describing, in excruciatingly technical detail, his groundbreaking work on the structural correspondences present in all vertebrate skeletons, which he had earlier christened 'homologies'. He now made the case that his work provided 'a superstructure of higher generalisations in regards to parts homological or answerable throughout the animal kingdom .' He finished well after eleven at night. A journalist insinuated that no one emerged from the ordeal seemingly unexhausted except for the speaker himself.
John Hunter's Heart
Authors: Alberti Fay Bound
Published: May 2013

'The stand of coaches in the Palace yard intercepted his passage, and he bid one of the coachmen to make way for him. The fellow refused, and became insolent, and John Hunter, losing all temper, gave vent to the most terrible execrations, which only produced laughter in the other[...] When he arrived he sat himself down, saying 'The rascals have killed me', and Mr Heaviside supported him in his arms, expecting every moment to see the first anatomist in the world expire in this untoward situation.
Hunterian Museum bicentenary
Authors: Alberti Sam
Published: May 2013

On 18 May 1813, in the new building designed by George Dance the Younger on Lincoln's Inn Fields, the Royal College of Surgeons in London opened the museum that had crystallised around John Hunter's collection to members of the College. This quiet beginning has been amplified over the centuries. The College marked the sesquicentenary in 1963 by inviting Harold Macmillan to open the Hunterian Museum, finally rebuilt after the Second World war. We may not be hosting the Prime Minister this time (although Mr Cameron remains a Hunterian trustee ex officio), but we do have an exciting raft of projects to mark the bicentenary.
Digitised Diseases
Authors: Phillips Carina
Published: May 2013

Over the past year RCS museum staff have been working on a project called Digitised Diseases. This Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC)-funded project is a collaboration with the university of Bradford and Museum of London Archaeology (MOLA). Digitised Diseases aims to bridge the gap between modern clinical medicine, historic medical collections and archaeological assemblages in the study of osteological pathology. The project will produce an archive of 3D case studies of exemplar specimens that can be studied virtually.
What can 100-year-old animal specimens from our museum collection tell us about present-day ecosystems?
Authors: Bennett Katie
Published: May 2013

Navigating the backroom corridors and quiet offices of the Royal College of Surgeons, you stumble upon the museum stores – fascinating rooms that house row upon row of portraits of past presidents, bottled specimens and the skulls of a range of wild and exotic animals, piled high. There is something irresistibly curious about the anatomy, pathology and dental collections, where three perfectly preserved hummingbirds sit alongside the skull of a lion with an advanced tumour and part of a mammoth's tusk. While the Hunterian Museum is well known for attracting families, tourists and artists, and the Wellcome Museum of Anatomy of Pathology is a well-used study and teaching resource, the work that goes on behind the scenes that involves curators assisting with external academic research across a variety of fields is little recognised.
the 2013 MRCS examination: an update
Authors: Brennan Peter A , Hills Stephen , Parker Michael
Published: May 2013

The Intercollegiate Committee for Basic Surgical Examinations (ICBSE) has, with the approval of the General Medical Council (GMC), driven the continued evolution of the Membership of the Royal College of Surgeons (MRCS). Since the introduction in September 2008 of the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) – Part B of the MRCS – there have been a number of changes and the first diet of the latest version was held in February 2013.
Intravenous Fluid Prescribing Knowledge and Confidence in F1 Doctors
Authors: Powell AGMT , Walker VC , Paterson-Brown L , Clark G , Drummond GB , Paterson-Brown S
Published: May 2013

Rach year in the UK, 7,500 F1 doctors take up post. Most are new graduates from UK medical schools. Teaching in the 33 medical schools in the UK is reviewed by the General Medical Council (GMC). Tomorrow's Doctors, published by the GMC, defines the knowledge, skills and behaviours that UK medical graduates should possess after completion of their undergraduate training.
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: Sterritt David , Kabanova Daria , Kubicka Hanna , Patti Lisa , Saeys Arne , Tang Funing , Newth Tom von Logue , Wallace Marlon , Wilkins Budd
Published: May 2013

When Movies Mattered: Reviews from a Transformative Decade, Dave Kehr, (2011) Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 290pp., ISBN: 9780226429410 (pbk), $16.79 / £14.50, ISBN: 9780226429403 (hbk), $73.72 / £46.08

Millennial Cinema: Memory in Global
Film, Amresh Sihna and Terence McSweeney (eds), (2012) New York: Wallflower Press, 256pp., ISBN: 9780231161930 (pbk), $25.00 / £17.50, ISBN: 9780231161923 (cloth), $80.00 / £55.00

Polanski and Perception: The Psychology of Seeing and the Cinema of Roman Polanski,
Davide Caputo, (2012) Bristol: Intellect, 296pp., ISBN: 9781841505527 (pbk), £24.95

Screen Dynamics: Mapping the Borders of Cinema, Gertrud Koch, Volker Pantenburg and Simon Rothöhler (eds), (2012) Vienna: Film Museum Synema, 184pp., ISBN: 9783901644399 (pbk), $29.50

De-Westernizing
Film Studies, Saër Maty Bâ and Will Higbee (eds.), (2012) London and New York: Routledge, 280pp., ISBN: 9780415687843 (pbk), $39.95, ISBN: 9780415687836 (hbk), $120.00

Stardom and the Aesthetics of Neorealism: Ingrid Bergman in Rossellini’s Italy, Ora Gelley,
(2012) New York and London: Routledge, 192pp., ISBN: 9780415890038 (hbk), $125.00,ISBN: 9780203120712 (ebk), $100.00

Jacques Rivette, Mary M. Wiles, (2012)Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 179pp., ISBN: 9780252078347 (pbk), $22.00

Queer Pollen: White Seduction,
Black Male Homosexuality, and the Cinematic, David A. Gerstner, (2011) Urbana, Chicago, and Springfield: University of Illinois Press, 304pp.,ISBN: 9780252077876 (pbk), $25.00

Directory of World Cinema: Germany, Michelle Langford (ed.), (2012) Bristol, UK and Chicago, USA: Intellect,
320pp., ISBN: 9781841504650 (pbk), $25.00, ISBN: 9781841505824 (e-book), $20.00
A remark on the anisotropic outer Minkowski content
Authors: Chambolle Antonin , Lisini Stefano , Lussardi Luca
Published: May 2013

We study an anisotropic version of the outer Minkowski content of a closed set in

ℝ

n

${\mathbb {R}}^n$

. In particular, we show that it exists on the same class of sets for which the classical outer Minkowski content coincides with the Hausdorff measure, and we give its explicit form.
Repression of mammary adipogenesis by genistein limits mammosphere formation of human MCF-7 cells
Authors: Montales Maria Theresa E , Rahal Omar M , Nakatani Hajime , Matsuda Tsukasa , Simmen Rosalia C M
Published: May 2013

Mammary adipose tissue may contribute to breast cancer development and progression by altering neighboring epithelial cell behavior and phenotype through paracrine signaling. Dietary exposure to soy foods is associated with lower mammary tumor risk and reduced body weight and adiposity in humans and in rodent breast cancer models. Despite the suggested linkage between obesity and breast cancer, the local influence of bioactive dietary components on mammary adiposity for antitumor effects remains unknown. Herein, we report that post-weaning dietary exposure to soy protein isolate and its bioactive isoflavone genistein (GEN) lowered mammary adiposity and increased mammary tumor suppressor PTEN and E-cadherin expression in female mice, relative to control casein diet. To ascertain GEN's role in mammary adipose deposition that may affect underlying epithelial cell phenotype, we evaluated GEN's effects on SV40-immortalized mouse mammary stromal fibroblast-like (MSF) cells during differentiation into adipocytes. MSF cells cultured in a differentiation medium with 40 nM GEN showed reductions in mature adipocyte numbers, triglyceride accumulation, andPparγ(Pparg) and fatty acid synthase transcript levels. GEN inhibition of adipose differentiation was accompanied by increased estrogen receptor β (Erβ(Esr2)) gene expression and was modestly recapitulated by ERβ-selective agonist 2,3-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile (DPN). Reduction ofErβexpression by siRNA targeting increasedPparγtranscript levels and stromal fibroblast differentiation into mature adipocytes; the latter was reversed by GEN but not by DPN. Conditioned medium from GEN-treated adipocytes diminished anchorage-independent mammosphere formation of human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Our results suggest a mechanistic pathway to support direct regulation of mammary adiposity by GEN for breast cancer prevention.
Profiled sandwich panels with deep foam cores in flexure
Authors: Heywood Martin D. , Ogden Ray G. , Moutaftsis Dimitrios
Published: May 2013

Sandwich panels comprising steel faces and insulation core are extensively used within the construction industry for cladding applications. Until recently, foam core depths up to 60 mm were considered sufficient to meet thermal and energy requirements of the Building Regulations. Demand for lower U-values for the building envelope in the UK and Europe has created the need for cladding elements with increased foam insulation depths up to 120 mm. Current approximate analytical methods for the design of profiled insulated panels do not cater for the full range of core depths presently available. Specifically, the stress distribution graphs used for design of double- and multi-spanning panels must be extended in scope to allow analysis of panels with cores at least 120 mm deep.

This paper reviews results of 12 single-span and 11 double-span bending tests performed on profiled composite panels with polyisocyanurate cores sandwiched between light-gauge steel faces. Response of the panels is examined with regard to their stiffness, progressive failure under increasing load, failure mechanism at each stage and reserve of strength. A numerical model is developed for the deeper composite panels and verified against existing theory. The model is used to perform a series of parametric studies and to analyse the full range of current and forthcoming composite panel depths (80 mm to 120 mm). The paper reviews the modelling strategy and presents extended stress distribution graphs; these are validated against double-span test results, where good agreement and safety are shown.
Optimum water content tests for earthen construction materials
Authors: Smith Jonathan Chase , Augarde Charles
Published: May 2013

There is considerable interest in earthen construction materials, owing to their inherent sustainability, and also in the conservation of heritage structures. For new-build in situ construction a key aspect of quality control is the achievement of full compaction to maximum dry density. At present the guidance available in this area to those using these materials varies from British Standard tests to heuristic-based methods developed by practitioners. In this paper, the various tests are compared for different soil mixes and also to judge the influence of the test operator. The study demonstrates shortcomings in the heuristic methods and indicates that, for modern standards of quality control to be achieved, alternative tests should be used.
Investigation into contractors' responsible sourcing implementation practice
Authors: Young Jamie , Osmani Mohamed
Published: May 2013

Over the last few years there has been an increasing demand for more efficient ways of procuring materials in terms of reducing their impacts on the environment. The UK Strategy for Sustainable Construction introduced a voluntary target of 25% of all resources in the construction industry to be responsibly sourced by 2012. At the time of writing there has been very limited research on responsible sourcing (RS), particularly in terms of contractors' current practices and implementation at project level. Therefore, an assessment of the current status of RS among the top 100 UK contractors has been captured using a questionnaire survey and follow-up interviews. The results indicate that no clear RS responsibility has been established, and there is no cohesive, top-down strategy from the strategic level (sustainability managers) to the implementation level (procurement mangers) in place in contracting companies. On the other hand, there was agreement that government leadership through the implementation of RS in all public projects could be a significant catalyst to drive RS in construction projects.
Foundations on collapsible soils: a review
Authors: Kalantari Behzad
Published: May 2013

This paper describes studies done by various researchers on one form of problematic soils that are not suitable to be used as foundation subsoil. Methods to identify these soils are provided, and various methods suggested for the design of proper foundations to combat their detrimental effects. These types of soils are commonly termed ‘collapsible’. Collapsible soils are moisture sensitive in that an increase in moisture content is the primary triggering mechanism for their volume reduction (compression). These weak soils usually have low dry densities and can be identified with various types of laboratory and field tests. Because of their very low bearing capacity (when wetted) they are not considered for any types of foundations or pavements in their original or natural conditions. Their load-bearing capacity can be improved by various measures, such as the use of sufficiently strong footings that will remain undamaged in spite of possible differential settlements, or by transmitting the structural loads to a deeper and stronger soil layer by means of various types of piles. Also, whenever feasible, the weak soil should be treated with cementing agents such as Portland cement, or preloading techniques should be used to strengthen the collapsing soils and carry the actual loads further.
Forensic engineering of construction vibrations
Authors: Svinkin Mark R.
Published: May 2013

Construction equipment and operations generate ground vibrations that can affect adjacent and remote structures, and vibration effects range from disturbance of working conditions for sensitive devices and processes to reduction of structure serviceability and durability. Forensic engineering analysis of construction vibrations includes assessment of construction dynamic sources and their energy; soil contribution to wave propagation and soil deformations; evaluation of different structural responses to ground vibrations such as direct vibration effects on structures, resonant structural vibrations, resonant soil layer vibrations and dynamic settlement; condition surveys of structures that are imperative and contain complete information on structural responses and damage from vibration excitations; mitigation measures to prevent vibration effects; calculation of ground vibrations before construction; and appropriate assessment of measured vibrations. Detrimental soil vibrations and structural damage from construction sources can be prevented.
Liquefaction-induced road embankment failures
Authors: Tsukamoto Yoshimichi , Ishihara Kenji , Kawabe Shohei , Kanemitsu Shigeru
Published: May 2013

The intensive and long-lasting seismic shaking during the 2011 great east Japan earthquake left enormous amounts of scars on the ground surfaces and inflicted damage to private houses, buildings and constructed infrastructure. Many of the ground failures were associated with subsurface soil liquefaction. Forensic field investigations were conducted at one of the illustrative sites with the help of field penetration tests. The site is a road embankment over a reclaimed soil deposit located at the foot of a steep cliff along the coast of Hitachinaka city. Road pavements were broken, subsided from portion to portion and failed to perform their traffic-bearing function. Upheavals were observed on the ground surface further from the foot of the road embankment, over which liquefied subsurface soil erupted, and a nearby seafood factory was damaged. It was evident from depth-wise profiles of penetration tests that slip failures had taken place involving part of the road embankment underlain by the liquefied, loose, reclaimed soil deposit. The effect of a soft reclaimed soil deposit bounded by a stiff steep cliff and an underlying stiff mudstone layer at the site is discussed.
A tale of twin cut slopes in Taiwan
Authors: Liao H. J. , Lee Wei F. , Wang Chao-Wen
Published: May 2013

Freeway No. 3 and Highway T-62 were cut through the same dip slope formation in northern Taiwan in the late 1990s. The former used an extensive tie-back system to hold back the cut slope; the latter adopted very limited slope stabilisation measures. On 25 April 2010, a catastrophic dip slope failure suddenly occurred at the cut slope of Freeway No. 3. Ironically, the cut slope of Highway T-62 remained stable. As found from the investigation, slope cutting and excavation of a bridge launching pit near the slope toe caused complete daylighting of the sliding plane of the freeway slope, whereas the sliding plane of the highway slope was not exposed by slope cutting. Owing to the poor corrosion protection of tie-back anchors installed in the freeway slope, a majority of tie-back anchors were seriously corroded and caused significant loss of tie-back load capacity. Although some sign of slope sliding was observed during the construction of the freeway slope, no proper measure was taken to effectively stop the dip slope from further sliding. The monitoring devices installed on the freeway slope also failed to identify the subsequent slope movement. Therefore, when the slope failed, the event came as a complete surprise to everyone.
Investigating indoor air quality problems: best practice and case studies
Authors: Crump Derrick
Published: May 2013

Indoor air quality has an important impact on the health and well-being of people. Most people's lives are spent in indoor environments and therefore their exposure to air pollutants is determined by the indoor air quality. Prevention of poor indoor air quality requires an adequate ‘fresh’ air supply and sufficient control of internal sources of pollution to prevent the occurrence of levels of gases, vapours and particles that can cause adverse health and discomfort. The assessment of the performance of buildings with respect to indoor air quality and the investigation of occupant complaints require appropriate methods of measurement and a strategy optimised for the building or other internal environment and the nature of the problem. International standards are available that offer guidance on undertaking such indoor air quality investigations. This paper gives examples of their application to indoor air quality problems with a range of causes, including poor construction products, inadequate design, occupant behaviours, unforeseen incidents and ground contamination.
Extreme expansive phenomena in anhydritic-gypsiferous claystone: the case of Lilla tunnel
Authors: ALONSO E.E. , BERDUGO I.R. , RAMON A.
Published: May 2013

The paper describes the expansive phenomena affecting Lilla tunnel in Spain during construction and subsequent operation. The geology of the site and the performance of alternative support designs are described. Field observations are analysed to identify the causes of the observed swelling. It was found that long-term swelling in Lilla tunnel was the result of gypsum crystal growth in discontinuities. The phenomenon was a consequence of a few contributing factors: significant presence of anhydrite, existent or activated discontinuities, and the circulation of water. These conditions were present in the highly tectonised Tertiary claystone in Lilla. The original horseshoe cross-section was transformed into a circular one, and a reinforced concrete lining was built to resist swelling pressures. Long-term monitoring of the reinforced tunnel provided valuable data on the evolution of swelling pressures against the lining, and on the stresses developed in the resisting structure. The highly heterogeneous distribution of swelling pressures against the lining explains the low strains measured in reinforcement bars despite the very high maximum swelling pressures recorded.
Rate-of-Return Requirement for Climate vs. Petroleum Projects
Authors: Emhjellen Magne , Osmundsen Petter
Published: May 2013

Many socioeconomic rates of return for climate projects have been used in analyzing the present value of the climate benefit. However, little attention has been devoted to profitability assessments based on commercial considerations. The economic valuation of climate projects, seen from the perspective of a commercial company, is the subject of this article. In particular, we examine the required rate of return for a project in which the uncertainty in the carbon dioxide CO2) quota price is the main market uncertainty. We complement the existing climate literature by examining the required rate of return of a climate project in a Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) setting. We find that the CO2 quota price has a slightly more systematic risk in the period calculated than that in the oil price, and we estimate the nominal required rate of return for the value of CO2 reduction to be 7.3 percentage points, which is similar to petroleum projects. Our findings may explain why it is difficult for oil companies to justify climate projects in their portfolios.
A Critical Analysis of the Clinical Use of Incretin-Based Therapies
Authors: Butler Peter C. , Elashoff Michael , Elashoff Robert , Gale Edwin A.M.
Published: May 2013

There is no question that incretin-based glucose-lowering medications have proven to be effective glucose-lowering agents. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists demonstrate an efficacy comparable to insulin treatment and appear to do so with significant effects to promote weight loss with minimal hypoglycemia. In addition, there are significant data with dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors showing efficacy comparable to sulfonylureas but with weight neutral effects and reduced risk for hypoglycemia. However, over the recent past there have been concerns reported regarding the long-term consequences of using such therapies, and the issues raised are in regard to the potential of both classes to promote acute pancreatitis, to initiate histological changes suggesting chronic pancreatitis including associated preneoplastic lesions, and potentially, in the long run, pancreatic cancer. Other issues relate to a potential risk for the increase in thyroid cancer. There are clearly conflicting data that have been presented in preclinical studies and in epidemiologic studies. To provide an understanding of both sides of the argument, we provide a discussion of this topic as part of this two-part point-counterpoint narrative. In the point narrative below, Dr. Butler and colleagues provide their opinion and review of the data to date and that we need to reconsider the use of incretin-based therapies because of the growing concern of potential risk and based on a clearer understanding of the mechanism of action. In the counterpoint narrative following the contribution by Dr. Butler and colleagues, Dr. Nauck provides a defense of incretin-based therapies and that the benefits clearly outweigh any concern of risk.

—William T. Cefalu, MD Editor In Chief, Diabetes Care
Hasta merkezli klinik yöntem: Aile hekimliği bakış açısı
Authors: Dergisi Türkiye Aile Hekimliği
Published: May 2013

Kasım 2012’de İzmir’de düzenlenen Aile Hekimliği Araştırma Günleri’nde bir konuşma olarak sunulmuş olan bu makalede, aile hekimliğinde hasta merkezli klinik yöntem anlatılmaktadır. Yöntemin dört bileşeninin tanımlanmasının yanı sıra, hasta merkezliliğin hastalar için neden önemli olduğu da tartışılmıştır. Makalede ayrıca hasta merkezli bakımın tanı ve tedavideki rolü de vurgulanmıştır. Bu alandaki araştırmalarımız, hasta merkezli bakım ile ilgili yapılacak çalışmalar için hem bir rehber olacak hem de motivasyon sağlayacaktır. Dünyada bu konuda yapılmış ve yöntemin, hastaların kendilerine sunulan hizmet ile ilgili algıları ve kendi sağlıkları üzerindeki olumlu etkisini gösteren çalışmalara atıfta bulunulmuştur. Son olarak hasta merkezliliği öğrenmenin ve öğretmenin etkin yolları tanımlanmıştır.
15-49 yaş arası annelerin anne sütü ile ilgili uygulamaları ve etki eden faktörler
Authors: İnanç Betül Battaloğlu
Published: May 2013

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, 15-49 yaş arasındaki annelerin bebeklerini besleme durumlarının ve emzirme konusundaki uygulamalarının saptanması ve etki eden faktörlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem: Mardin Kadın Doğum ve Çocuk Hastalıkları Hastanesi, Kadın Doğum Polikliniğine 1 Ekim–30 Kasım 2012 tarihleri arasında başvuran, 15-49 yaş arası kadınlardan basit rastgele örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilen 330 anne çalışmaya dahil edildi. Amaca uygun olarak hazırlanmış bir anket, yüz yüze görüşme tekniği ile katılımcılara uygulandı.Bulgular: Yaş ortalaması 28.2±5.2 olan kadınların %23.5’i anne sütünü ilk 6 ay, %24.4’ü 12 aya kadar, %40.8’i 24 aya kadar ve %11.3’ü 24 aydan fazla süre bebeklerine vermişlerdi. Kadınların %69.1’i ilk 6 ay, sadece anne sütü vererek bebeklerini beslemişlerdi. Bu besleme tarzı, annelerin eğitim düzeyi arttıkça artış göstermekteydi (p=0.017). Ek gıdaya 6 aydan sonra başlayanlar daha çok yüksek okul ve üniversite mezunları idi ve eğitim seviyesinin azalmasıyla istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde olmasa da bu süreden sapmalar görülmekteydi (p>0.05) Yüksekokul ve üniversite mezunları anne sütü ile ilgili bilgileri daha çok ebe-hemşire ve doktordan alırken, eğitim düzeyi düştükçe bu bilgiler aile ve çevreden alınmaktaydı (p=0.018).Sonuç: Annelerin büyük çoğunluğu bebeklerine anne sütü vermelerine karşın, eğitim düzeyi düştükçe ek gıdaya başlama yaşı konusunda yanlış uygulamalar artmaktadır. Öte yandan eğitim düzeyi düştükçe anne sütü verme süresi uzamaktadır.
Anti HCV seropozitif kişilerde moleküler HCV RNA test sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Çelik Cem , Gözel Mustafa Gökhan , Dayı Fatma , Kaygusuz Rakibe , Bakıcı Mustafa Zahir
Published: May 2013

Amaç: Bu araştırmada, Anti HCV pozitif kişilerin HCV RNA viral yük miktarları incelenerek, akut enfeksiyon sonrası iyileşme, kronikleşme, hastaların tedavi yanıtları ve bunların cinsiyet ile iliflkisinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem: Ocak 2005-Aralık 2009 tarihleri arasında Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Araştırma ve Uygulama Hastanesi Klinik Mikrobiyoloji laboratuarlarında, Anti HCV pozitif hastaların moleküler yöntemlerle çalışılan HCV RNA testlerinin sonuçları, laboratuar kayıtlarından geriye dönük olarak incelenmiştir.Bulgular: Bu araştırmada 347 hastanın HCV RNA sonuçları incelendiğinde, Hepatit C virüsü (HCV) enfeksiyonunun oldukça yüksek oranda kronikleşme (%79.0) gösterdiği, hastaların bir kısmının ise (% 21,0) herhangi bir tedavi almadan iyileştiği saptanmıştır. Anti HCV test sonuçları seropozitif olan kadınların %76.1’inde, erkeklerin %82.9’unda HCV RNA testinin pozitif olduğu görülmüş ve HCV RNA test pozitifliği yönünden cinsiyetler arası farklılık anlamlı bulunmamıştır (p>0.05). Araştırmada tedavi gören 185 hastanın tedavi sürecindeki HCV RNA sonuçları incelendiğinde tedaviye % 56.2 oranında olumlu yanıt alındığı görülürken, hastaların %39.5’inde ise bu tedaviye cevap alınamadığı görülmüştür. Hastaların %4.3’ünde ise relaps geliştiği anlaşılmıştır. Ancak bu tedavi yanıtlarının istatistiksel olarak cinsiyet ile önemli bir değişiklik göstermediği tespit edilmiştir (p>0.05).Sonuç: Hepatit C virüsü enfeksiyonunun yüksek oranda kronikleştiği ve tedavi başarılarının kısmen yükseltilmiş olmasına rağmen hala arzu edilen düzeyde olmadığı görülmektedir. Bu nedenlerle en önemli noktanın hastalığın bulaş yollarının iyi bilinmesi ve bulaşın önlenmesi için gerekli tüm önlemlerin alınması olduğunu düflünmekteyiz.
Immediate and Distracted Imitation in Second-Language Speech: Unreleased Plosives In English
Authors: Rojczyk Arkadiusz , Porzuczek Andrzej , Bergier Marcin
Published: May 2013

The paper investigates immediate and distracted imitation in second-language speech using unreleased plosives. Unreleased plosives are fairly frequently found in English sequences of two stops. Polish, on the other hand, is characterised by a significant rate of releases in such sequences. This cross-linguistic difference served as material to look into how and to what extent non-native properties of sounds can be produced in immediate and distracted imitation. Thirteen native speakers of Polish first read and then imitated sequences of words with two stops straddling the word boundary. Stimuli for imitation had no release of the first stop. The results revealed that (1) a non-native feature such as the lack of the release burst can be imitated; (2) distracting imitation impedes imitative performance; (3) the type of a sequence interacts with the magnitude of an imitative effect
Two stage EMG onset detection method
Authors: Drapała Jarosław , Brzostowski Krzysztof , Szpala Agnieszka , Rutkowska-Kucharska Alicja
Published: May 2013

Detection of the moment when a muscle begins to activate on the basis of EMG signal is important task for a number of biomechanical studies. In order to provide high accuracy of EMG onset detection, we developed novel method, that give results similar to that obtained by an expert. By means of this method, EMG is processed in two stages. The first stage gives rough estimation of EMG onset, whereas the second stage performs local, precise searching. The method was applied to support signal processing in biomechanical study concerning effect of body position on EMG activity and peak muscle torque stabilizing spinal column under static conditions
Characterization of Zeolite in Zeolite-Geopolymer Hybrid Bulk Materials Derived from Kaolinitic Clays
Authors: Takeda Hayami , Hashimoto Shinobu , Yokoyama Hiroaki , Honda Sawao , Iwamoto Yuji
Published: May 2013

Zeolite-geopolymer hybrid materials have been formed when kaolin was used as a starting material. Their characteristics are of interest because they can have a wide pore size distribution with micro- and meso-pores due to the zeolite and geopolymer, respectively. In this study, Zeolite-geopolymer hybrid bulk materials were fabricated using four kinds of kaolinitic clays (a halloysite and three kinds of kaolinite). The kaolinitic clays were first calcined at 700 °C for 3 h to transform into the amorphous aluminosilicate phases. Alkali-activation treatment of the metakaolin yielded bulk materials with different amounts and types of zeolite and different compressive strength. This study investigated the effects of the initial kaolinitic clays on the amount and types of zeolite in the resultant geopolymers as well as the strength of the bulk materials. The kaolinitic clays and their metakaolin were characterized by XRD analysis, chemical composition, crystallite size, 29Si and 27Al MAS NMR analysis, and specific surface area measurements. The correlation between the amount of zeolite formed and the compressive strength of the resultant hybrid bulk materials, previously reported by other researchers was not positively observed. In the studied systems, the effects of Si/Al and crystalline size were observed. When the atomic ratio of Si/Al in the starting kaolinitic clays increased, the compressive strength of the hybrid bulk materials increased. The crystallite size of the zeolite in the hybrid bulk materials increased with decreasing compressive strength of the hybrid bulk materials.
Le concept de limite dans l'inconscient et ses états
Authors: Hoffmann Christian
Published: May 2013

La notion de « limite » trouve sa genèse dans l’inconscient à partir de l’expérience de la perte de jouissance de l’objet, cette perte instaure un bord entre le moi et le monde extérieur et elle crée un espace subjectif qui sera celui de la pensée et par conséquent du jugement et de la représentation. Une clinique, sans perte et sans ce bord de réel, n’empêche nullement le sujet de refaire de plusieurs façons le « nœud pépère » d’une clinique borroméenne. Le monde contemporain offre des possibilités multiples de subjectivation qui facilitent les « mises en continuité » deux à deux de RSI dans une clinique borroméenne qui permet au sujet de changer de bord tout en restant dans la réalité psychique, malgré la forclusion du bord de réel, comme dans les « états-limites ».
La modernité adolescente
Authors: Douville Olivier
Published: May 2013

La perspective dans laquelle se situe ce texte est celle qui voit dans l’adolescent un sujet en prise avec les opérations contradictoires qui marquent notre modernité : globalisation et ségrégation. Il est proposé quelques pistes pour situer l’adolescence dans ces mouvements de modernité, en examinant, à la croisée de l’anthropologie et de la clinique, ce qu’il en est des subjectivations, à l’adolescence, du rapport au corps, au langage et donc à la filiation.
La condition adolescente dans la contemporanéité Une lecture de la jeunesse dans la société brésilienne
Authors: Birman Joel
Published: May 2013

Le propos de cet article est d’esquisser un état des lieux de la situation de l’adolescence et de la jeunesse aujourd’hui, surtout au Brésil, mais en l’articulant avec le contexte international. Ce qui est en question c’est la problématique de la violence dans toutes ses dimensions. Pour cela, on met en évidence la transformation de la famille nucléaire bourgeoise et des fonctions parentales, pour faire émerger les nouvelles modalités de subjectivation contemporaines.
La féminité transformée par le virtuel
Authors: Micheli-Rechtman Vannina
Published: May 2013

La modernité met les cliniciens face à de nouveaux symptômes que sont les cyberdépendances qui nous permettent de questionner autrement les notions de réel et de virtuel. L’intérêt des adolescents pour les jeux vidéos est croissant et nous nous intéresserons aux héroïnes de ces jeux vidéos qui mettent en scène une certaine conception de la féminité.
À partir de Zizek : nouvelles subjectivités ou nouveau sujet ?
Authors: Landman Patrick
Published: May 2013

Pour Zizek, dans son combat contre le vieux lacanisme et le vieux marxisme, le sujet cartésien demeure la matrice de la conception du monde, sujet divisé entre logique et vérité, et la fiction du grand Autre lacanien sans métalangage apparaît comme limite à la déconstruction sociale et politique, avec l’espoir d’une sortie de la caverne platonicienne version post-moderne.
Hippolyte : une figure contemporaine
Authors: Benhaïm Michèle
Published: May 2013

De la tragédie grecque au monde contemporain la violence a basculé. Ce texte se penche sur l’adolescence contemporaine à partir des textes Phèdre de Racine et L’amour de Phèdre de Sarah Kane. Comment la faute du père transforme le tragique en cruauté, comment de ne pas « manquer » l’adolescent se perd dans le vide.
L'autorité au collège (pas sans) une éthique du transfert
Authors: Drunat Benoit
Published: May 2013

Le déclin de la fonction paternelle n’est pas sans conséquence sur l’autorité en jeu dans la relation pédagogique. À ce titre, l’ acting-out au sein de l’école – trop souvent confondu avec le passage à l’acte – ne saurait être entendu comme pure provocation : il est appel à ce que les enseignants s’orientent du transfert, propre à favoriser un accueil éthique du Sujet dans l’adolescent, spécifiquement au collège où se déploient les premiers signes d’une jouissance nouvelle induite par « la plus délicate des transitions ».
Lucie : angoisse et mensonge
Authors: Branchu Antoine
Published: May 2013

Nous exposons brièvement le cas d’une jeune fille de 15 ans. L’intensité de l’angoisse, les signes de dépersonnalisation, voire la perplexité auraient pu faire penser à un épisode psychotique ; nous appuyant sur la question du mensonge, magistralement introduite par la patiente elle-même, nous avons pu soutenir qu’il s’agissait plutôt d’une crise d’adolescence (ce diagnostic a été confirmé par un suivi post-critique épisodique pendant deux ans).
« De quelle étoile suis-je née ? »
Authors: Ridoux Patrice
Published: May 2013

Les questions des origines, de la filiation et de la sexuation interrogent sur la manière dont les adolescents aujourd’hui, s’organisent pour proposer une réponse « suffisante » pour tempérer leurs angoisses. Les nouvelles donnes familiales, les « échanges » contractualisés et mondialisés et la nécessaire prise sur l’objet de besoin convoité confèrent une position subjective particulière. Dunya, adolescente de quinze ans, russe de naissance, pose sa certitude : je n’ai jamais été bébé. Loin du roman névrotique, la thématique délirante est une création nécessaire. Le Réel insiste. La forme que prend cette ré-élaboration est-elle à entendre comme ratage d’un nouage ou comme un travail de suture ? Pourrions-nous penser rencontrer Dunya et son double comme signature d’une organisation psychotique ? Serait-il possible de considérer sa symptomatologie comme un moment de reconstruction nécessaire face à l’irruption d’un sexuel trop bruyant ? Cette reconstruction oriente l’approche clinique de cette problématique et le dispositif de soins. L’accueil et le cadre de l’espace de rencontre proposés dans ces pathologies bruyantes est celui d’un traitement à plusieurs, s’appuyant sur une trame institutionnelle.
Petites coupures, sur les blessures auto-infligées
Authors: Frannais Bernard
Published: May 2013

Fréquente chez les jeunes filles, la pratique des blessures auto-infligées apaise leur angoisse. Cette pratique leur assure une image spéculaire qui, sinon, tend à fusionner avec celle de l’autre, faute d’appui symbolique.
Moïse hébreu, Moïse égyptien
Authors: Safouan Moustafa
Published: May 2013

Le cheminement de Freud du Moïse de Michel Ange à L’homme Moïse et la religion monothéiste est en tous points comparable à celui d’une analyse qui trouve dans le meurtre du père la solution au père idéal, frappé dans le marbre.
Le plus-de-jouir
Authors: Chaboudez Gisèle
Published: May 2013

Le processus de la déperdition de jouissance qui pousse à compenser par autre chose, par le plus-de-jouir, est central dans l’économie du sujet tout autant que dans celle de la civilisation. La genèse du « plus-de-jouir » est une affaire de signifiants numériques, comme l’indiquait déjà la description de la plus-value.
Ethos méditerranéen et relation dirigeant/dirigé : honneur et légitimité
Authors: Frimousse Soufyane
Published: May 2013

Notre article porte sur la relation dirigeant/salarié au sein des toutes petites entreprises (TPE) de la région Nord du Maroc. La recherche présente les spécificités de la relation qui sont à rechercher dans les conditions d’existence de l’interaction et dans les rôles « contextuels » attendus. Au-delà des éléments contractuels organisationnels, en vertu de quelles dispositions les salariés mais aussi les dirigeants s’éprouvent-ils « tenus » d’entrer dans une interaction supérieur/subordonné ? Se lie-t-on à un dirigeant et s’implique-t-on pour lui car l’éthos veut qu’il en soit ainsi ? Notre travail nous amène à situer l’éthos méditerranéen hors d’un cadre strictement local. Bien au contraire, il prend en considération les influences globales. Comment les exigences universelles de mondialisation se traduisent-elles dans la relation dirigeant/dirigé dans le cadre de l’éthos méditerranéen ? La réciprocité de reconnaissance, l’honneur et la quête de légitimité constituent des éléments de réponses.
Le rire au travail et l'éthique
Authors: Brasseur Martine
Published: May 2013

Dans cet article, nous nous appuyons sur les résultats de sept cas de coaching individuel correspondants à 42 entretiens individuels menés dans le cadre d’un projet de recherche-action plus large sur le rôle du tiers, pour clarifier la problématique du rire au travail en questionnant son caractère éthique et apporter les principaux éléments de réponse sur le rôle du management. Dans un premier temps, nous avons procédé à une revue de littérature notamment dans le domaine de la philosophie morale qui nous a permis de conforter notre proposition de recherche considérant que le rire au travail est un problème d’ordre éthique pour le management. La seconde partie consacrée à la présentation de l’étude empirique nous permet de profiler les modes de régulation à l’œuvre dans les organisations et les indicateurs indiquant qu’une action volontariste est nécessaire. Nous concluons sur les pistes de recherche restant à explorer.