bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise comparativa dos métodos fotométrico e amperométrico para medição de glicemia capilar pela rede SUS estadual
Authors: Nunes Vitor Daniela , Oliveira Santos Manuela , De Jesus Pinheiro Florice , Simões de Castro Cunha Maridete , Garrido Nery Barbosa Monica Maria , Kuwano Wakabayashi Yumi , Soares da Paixão Ferreira Diana , Dos Santos Ribeiro Rodolfo
Published: February 2020

Introdução: O Diabetes mellitus (DM) é uma doença crônica, cujo controle glicêmico inadequado resulta no aparecimento de graves complicações que reduzem a expectativa de vida e comprometem a qualidade de vida do portador desta doença. Entre os insumos disponibilizados pelo SUS, em cumprimento da contrapartida do Componente Básico da Assistência Farmacêutica (Portaria MS/GM 1.555, de 30/07/2013), estão as tiras reagentes utilizadas para o controle glicêmico de usuários do SUS portadores de DM. As tiras funcionam em conjunto com glicosímetros que são aparelhos portáteis que medem a glicemia capilar com precisão satisfatória em pouco tempo em comparação com os métodos laboratoriais. A Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia (SESAB) enfrentava problemas em suas licitações para compra de tiras de glicemia pois as especificações técnicas estavam sempre direcionadas para os métodos fotométrico ou amperométrico dos glicosímetros. Objetivos: Correlacionar os métodos amperométrico e fotométrico dos glicosímetros quanto às semelhanças nos resultados apresentados de glicemia capilar; revisar o descritivo técnico das tiras de glicemia para evitar impugnações em licitações futuras e garantir o princípio da ampla concorrência nos processos licitatórios. Métodos: Trata-se de um trabalho de revisão técnica de descritivo de tiras reagentes realizado pela Coordenação de Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde (COATS) motivado pelos direcionamentos provocados por conta dos métodos amperométrico ou fotométrico. Buscou-se verificar quais as diferenças entre eles em termos de acurácia. Foi realizada busca quanto a alertas de tecnovigilância nas agências regulatórias e evidências na literatura para análise de resultados apresentados pelos dois métodos. Resultados: Foi identificado que os dois métodos de leitura dos glicosímetros não interferem nos resultados de acurácia do teste. Dessa forma, foi elaborado um novo descritivo técnico para as tiras, possibilitando que diferentes fabricantes pudessem participar das licitações. Essa mudança permitiu a redução do preço unitário da tira de R$ 0,4430 para R$0,3090, gerando uma economia de 30,2% provocada pela maior concorrência. Conclusão: Na análise técnica dos descritivos anteriores, identificou-se que apenas poucas empresas poderiam concorrer ao edital, ocasionando processos licitatórios com número limitado de participantes, além de impugnações subsequentes. Este trabalho garantiu ampla concorrência nos pregões e economia para o estado. Considerando uma estimativa mínima de 35 milhões de tiras reagentes compradas, o Estado chegou a um montante economizado de R$4,5 milhões em recursos.
Análise descritiva das características demográficas e clínicas de pacientes portadores de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis atendidos pelo CEAF em uma regional de saúde da Bahia: projeto
Authors: Andrade Amaral Bruno , Santos Portela Fernanda , Lorena Silva Ribeiro Thais , Ribeiro  Rocha Arlene , Santos Correia Jamile , Souza Mendonça Thalita
Published: February 2020

Introdução: As doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNTs) representam a maior prevalência entre os agravos a saúde, sendo consideradas a principal causa de incapacidade e morte, a maior razão para demanda e utilização aos serviços de saúde e respondem por parte considerável dos gastos efetuados no setor. Desta forma, para garantir o controle da doença e a qualidade de vida do usuário é indispensável o acesso ao tratamento medicamentoso, requerendo ao mesmo tempo um monitoramento da resposta clínica da população atendida. Tendo em vista a especificidade dos medicamentos dispensados no Componente Especializado da Assistência Farmacêutica (CEAF), como índice terapêutico estreito, hepatoxicidade e nefrotoxicidade, torna[1]se necessário conhecer o perfil dos pacientes atendidos, bem como a resposta clínica, tanto do ponto de vista de segurança como de efetividade. Objetivos: Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever as características sociodemográficas, clínicas e sorológicas, da população portadora das diversas doenças comtempladas pelo CEAF na farmácia de uma Regional de Saúde da Bahia, incluindo o monitoramento de efetividade e segurança dos medicamentos com base nos exames laboratoriais. Além disso, será possível comparar a resposta dos tratamentos instituídos entre os pacientes atendidos. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal através de um delineamento e abordagem quantitativa, caracterizado como um estudo do tipo real word por intenção de tratar. A população de estudo a ser analisada deve ser portadora de uma DCNT e que recebem sua farmacoterapia por meio do CEAF na farmácia da regional de saúde estudada. Será utilizado um roteiro para coleta de dados a fim de extrair as informações contidas em prontuários clínicos, incluindo resultados de exames laboratoriais, estadiamento da doença, bem como será utilizado questionários semiestruturado nos casos de subprojetos que envolvam entrevistas individuais com cada paciente. A análise estatística incluirá analise bivariada e multivariada para definir as possíveis associações entre as variáveis estudadas. Resultados: Por se tratar de um projeto ainda em tramitação no comitê de ética em pesquisa ainda não temos resultados coletados, porém julgamos importante a disseminação deste projeto para estimular a realização de outros trabalhos relacionados aos resultados clínicos no CEAF. Conclusão: As farmácias públicas que realizam a execução do CEAF possuem um campo fértil para a realização das ações de cuidado farmacêutico, bem como estão obrigadas a seguir as determinações da lei federal nº 13.021/14, nas obrigações artigos 13 e 14, que incluem proceder ao acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico, assegurar o uso racionalizado de medicamentos e garantir a eficácia e a segurança da terapêutica prescrita, dentre outras.
Coping with extortion on a local level: The case of Hilandar’s Metochion in Zdravikion (Draviskos, Strymon region) in the sixteenth century
Authors: Fotic Aleksandar
Published: February 2020

In the Ottoman Empire extortion on a local level was a frequent practice and
it took diverse forms. The Ottoman documents preserved in the archive of the
Monastery of Hilandar (Mount Athos) give us a picture of the ways in which
its monks struggled to preserve their privileges and protect their large
metochion at Zdravikion (about 700 donums). Their basic tax obligation to
the ?master of the land? (sahib-i arz) was paid annually in a lump sum
(maktu?) ever since 1481, when sultan Bayezid II exempted them from paying
the tithe at the express request of the Wallachian voivode Basarab II
?epelu?. The annual lump sum of 600 akces accounted for only a half of the
total tax burden - they had been relieved of paying the other half by the
sultan himself. This privilege was confirmed by all subsequent sultans, most
likely until 1569. Local masters of the land (at first sipahis, then hass
and finally vak?f authorities) persistently and in various ways sought to
impose the payment of the tithe. This paper presents different arguments
they used in the attempt to extort the payment of the tithe and the monks?
firm attitude in defending their rights before the kad??s court and the
Imperial Divan. Monks were able to prove their rights because they
conscientiously kept, sometimes for centuries, all the necessary documents
relating to their land possessions, producing them as evidence in court
proceedings.
Balkan or border warfare? Glimpses from the early modern period
Authors: Höbelt Lothar
Published: February 2020

At the beginning of the early modern period, the concept of Europe did not
yet exist. Religion, not politics or geography, was the defining criterion.
It was Christendom that people referred to - not Europe - when they wanted
to introduce the concept of burdensharing. In military terms, differences
between Oriental and Occidental empires were less obvious; if anything, the
Ottomans seemed to have a head-start in terms of centralization and
professionalism. It was not the impact of Ottoman rule as such that created
the conditions for ?Balkan warfare?. It was the unsettled character of the
borders between ?East? and ?West? that gave rise to a form of low-intensity
conflict that might be said to provide a foretaste of what came to be known
as Balkan warfare.
La Revue des Deux Mondes et la Serbie en 1915
Authors: Bled Jean-Paul
Published: February 2020

La Revue des Deux Mondes est ouverte sur l?Europe et le monde. Au fil du
temps, cette orientation ne s?est jamais d?mentie. Elle est illustr?e par la
publication dans chacun des num?ros de la Chronique de la Quinzaine
(r?f?rence au rythme bi-mensuel de la revue) dans laquelle un auteur,
souvent le directeur de la publication, analyse les temps forts de
l?actualit? internationale au cours de la quinzaine ?coul?e. Francis
Charmes, directeur de la Revue depuis 1908 et auteur de la Chronique de la
Quinzaine durant l?ann?e 1915 qui nous int?resse. Les id?es d?velopp?es dans
la Chronique de la Quinzaine sont int?ressantes ? un autre titre, en raison
des liens que la Revue entretient avec le Quai d?Orsay.
The Serbian minister in London, Mateja Boskovic, the Yugoslav committee, and Serbia’s Yugoslav policy in the Great War 1914-1916
Authors: Bakic Dragan
Published: February 2020

This paper seeks to examine the outlook of the Serbian Minister in London,
Mateja Mata Boskovic, during the first half of the Great War on the South
Slav (Yugoslav) question - a unification of all the Serbs, Croats and
Slovenes in a single state, which was Serbia?s war aim. He found himself in
close contact with the members of the Yugoslav Committee, an organisation of
the irredentist Yugoslav ?migr?s from Austria-Hungary in which two Croat
politicians, Frano Supilo and Ante Trumbic, were leading figures. In stark
contrast to other Serbian diplomats, Boskovic was not enthusiastic about
Yugoslav unification. He suspected the Croat ?migr?s, especially Supilo, of
pursuing exclusive Croat interests under the ruse of the Yugoslav programme.
His dealings with them were made more difficult on account of the siding of
a group of British ?friends of Serbia?, the most prominent of which were
Robert William Seton-Watson and Henry Wickham Steed, with the Croat ?migr?s.
Though not opposed in principle to an integral Yugoslav unification,
Boskovic preferred staunch defence of Serbian Macedonia from Bulgarian
ambitions and the acquisition of Serb-populated provinces in southern
Hungary, while in the west he seems to have been content with the annexation
of Bosnia-Herzegovina, part of Slavonia and an outlet to the Adriatic Sea in
Dalmatia. Finally, the reception of and reaction to Boskovic?s reports on
the part of the Serbian Prime Minister, Nikola Pasic, clearly shows that the
latter was determined to persist in his Yugoslav policy, despite the Treaty
of London which assigned large parts of the Slovene and Croat lands to Italy
and made the creation of Yugoslavia an unlikely proposition. In other words,
Pasic did not vacillate between the ?small? and the ?large programme?,
between Yugoslavia and Greater Serbia, as it has been often alleged in
historiography and public discourse.
Drafting the constitution of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1920)
Authors: Milosavljevic Boris
Published: February 2020

The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was internationally recognized
during the Paris Peace Conference in 1919-20. Even though there was neither
a provisional nor a permanent constitution of the newly-formed state,
factually there was a state as well as a system of governance, represented
by supreme bodies, the King and the Parliament. Many draft constitutions
were prepared by different political parties and notable individuals. We
shall focus on the official Draft Constitution prepared during the
premiership of Stojan Protic. He appointed the Drafting Committee as a
governmental (multi-ethnic) advisory team of prominent legal experts from
different parts of the new state consisting of Professors Slobodan Jovanovic
(President), Kosta Kumanudi and Lazar Markovic (Serbia), Professor Ladislav
Polic (Croatia) and Dr Bogumil Vosnjak (Slovenia). After two months of work,
the Committee submitted its draft to the Prime Minister. The leading Serbian
legal scholar and president of the committee, Slobodan Jovanovic
(1869-1958), was well-acquainted with the details of Austro-Hungarian and
German legal traditions. Since he was an active participant and witness of
the events that led to the creation of the new state, while also being an
objective and critical historian, it is important to shed light on his
firsthand account of the emergence of the state of Serbs, Croats and
Slovenes.
Carrying their native land and their new home in their hearts Mihailo Pupin and Bishop Nikolai of Zica between their native and adopted country
Authors: Vasiljevic Maxim
Published: February 2020

The present study gives us an opportunity to look at the Christian heritage
that the Serbian immigrants brought to the new land of Americas through the
examples of Mihailo Pupin and Nikolai Velimirovic, Bishop of Zica, since
these two names are indelibly inscribed in the history of the so-called
Serbica Americana. The paper is divided into two sections dealing
specifically with their Serbianism and Americanism to show that a
distribution of love and loyalty between their native and adopted country
functioned in a fruitful way. Based on a detailed analysis of their
writings, the author suggests that Serbians and Americans remember Pupin and
Velimirovic because they enjoy the benefits of their remarkable
contributions. The following aspects of Pupin?s and Nikolai?s lives are
examined: their deep concern with the fate of Serbia during and after the
First World War; their leading roles among the Serbs in the United States
through their assistance in establishing Serbian churches and communities,
through their scholarship funds, philanthropic work, etc. Their genuine care
for Serbia and Serbs was in no way an obstacle in their adjustment to their
adopted country.
The Grand Lodge of Yugoslavia between France and Britain (1919-1940)
Authors: Markovich Slobodan
Published: February 2020

The paper deals with the orientation of the Yugoslav freemasonry during the
existence of the Grand Lodge of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes ?Jugoslavia?
(GLJ), later the Grand Lodge of Yugoslavia (GLY). The state of freemasonry
in Serbia on the eve of the Great War is briefly described and followed by
an analysis of how the experience of the First World War influenced Serbian
freemasons to establish strong ties with French freemasonry. During the
1920s the Grand Lodge ?Jugoslavia? maintained very close relations with the
Grand Orient of France and the Grand Lodge of France, and this was
particularly obvious when GLJ got the opportunity to organise the Masonic
congress for peace in Belgrade in 1926 through its links with French
Freemasonry. Grand Master Georges Weifert (1919-34) also symbolised close
links of French and Serbian freemasonry. However, his deputy and later Grand
Master Douchan Militchevitch (1934-39) initiated in 1936 the policy of
reorientation of Yugoslav freemasonry to the United Grand Lodge of England.
Although there had already been such initiatives, they could not be
materialised due to the fact that it was not until 1930 that the United
Grand Lodge of England (UGLE) recognised several continental grand lodges,
including GLJ. In a special section efforts of GLJ to be recognised by UGLE
are analysed. Efforts for reorientation of GLY were conducted through
several persons, including Douchan Militchevitch (1869-1939), Stanoje
Mihajlovic (1882-1946), Vladimir Corovic (1885-1941) and Dragan
Militchevitch (1895-1942). Special attention is given to the plans of GLY?s
grand master to make the Duke of York (subsequently King George VI), who was
a very dedicated freemason, an honorary past master of GLY. This plan
failed, and the main idea behind it was to make GLY more resistant to
internal clerical attacks and also to the external pressure of Italy.
Mihajlovic?s three official Masonic visits to Britain (1933-39) are analysed
as well as a private visit of Corovic and Dragan Militchevitch in March
1940. In the context of the visits made in 1939-40 plans to establish an
Anglo-Yugoslav lodge are also analysed. Finally, the context of the de facto
ban on Yugoslav freemasonry in August 1940 is given and the subsequent fates
of its pro-British actors are also described.
Additional evidence on the final break between Moscow and Tirana in 1960-1961
Authors: Edemskiy Andrey
Published: February 2020

Disagreement between Khrushchev and Enver Hoxha, leaders of the Soviet Union
and Albania, had been ripening since the mid-1950s. Until the spring of 1960
the leadership of the small country did not show readiness to challenge the
Soviets perceived as the great power at the head of Socialist bloc countries
and the world Communist movement. But when the Chinese leadership indicated
their disagreements with official Moscow in the spring of 1960, Albania
joined them without fearing the inevitability of open confrontation with the
Soviets. The article reveals the further course of events in chronological
order during the deepening rift between the two leaders and their entourage,
and analyses the Soviet decision-making process at the highest level
consulting newly-declassified documents from the Russian State Archives of
Contemporary History in Moscow. By the end of 1961, within less than two
years, relations between the Soviet Union and Albania sank to their lowest.
The Soviet leadership, presumably Khrushchev himself, failed in their
attempts to stop another growing conflict in the Soviet bloc by discussing
controversial issues face to face with the Albanian leadership. Researchers
have already accumulated considerable knowledge about these processes, but
substantial gaps are yet to be filled. Many relevant Soviet documents from
Russian archives are not yet declassified. Nevertheless, the already
available ones allow researchers to take a broader look on the developing
Soviet-Albanian rift and to establish how, in parallel with the collapse of
Soviet-Albanian connections in the early 1960s, Soviet-Yugoslav contacts
intensified.
Severe heartworm disease in two dogs cured by an alternative therapy
Authors: Spasojevic-Kosic Ljubica , Lalosevic Vesna , Potkonjak Aleksandar , Simin Stanislav , Kuruca Ljiljana , Vracar Vuk
Published: February 2020

The objective of this paper is to describe two cases of heartworm disease in dogs presented with ascites and dyspnea. A diagnosis of mixed infection with both Dirofilaria immitis (D. immitis) and Dirofilaria repens (D. repens) was established in the first case, while D. immitis was detected in the other dog. Based on clinical, parasitological, laboratory and radiographic examinations, the diagnosis of severe stage heartworm disease (HWD) was established because both dogs were in heart failure due to HWD. An alternative therapeutic protocol with combined doxycycline and ivermectin was used as an antiparasitic treatment in both cases. No microfilariae were detected after 30 and 60 days, and no antigen to D. immitis was detected after 8 and 12 months in the first and second case, respectively. Based on the clinical examinations and parasitological testing performed, the two dogs were considered cured of HWD by this alternative therapy.
Blood glucose level in rats with different behavioral activity in the dynamics of repeated stress exposures
Authors: Abramova Anastasiya Yu. , Koplik Elena V. , Alekseyeva Irina V. , Pertsov Sergey S.
Published: February 2020

Aim. To study the effect of repeated stress on blood glucose level in rats with various behavioral characteristics and with different resistance to the development of adverse consequences of negative emotiogenic exposures.
Materials and Methods. The animals were initially subjected to open field test to calculate the index of activity. Daily 4-h immobilization of rats in individual plastic cages for 8 days was used as a model of stress. Blood glucose concentration was measured with a glucometer (control measurement and on the 1st, 3rd and 8th days of repeated stress).
Results. The basal level of glucose in behaviorally active (stress-resistant) rats was lower than in passive (stress-predisposed) specimens. Repeated exposure of rats to stress resulted in development of hyperglycemia. However, the dynamics of blood glucose concentration was different in specimens with different parameters of behavior. The increase in glucose concentration in active animals was most pronounced after a single exposure. By the 3rd and 8th days of stress exposures, glucose level in these rats progressively decreased (as compared to the 1st day), but remained above the basal level. Passive specimens were characterized by the increase in blood glucose concentration after a single and, particularly, after three-time restraint stress. Glucose content in these animals slightly decreased by the 8th day (as compared to the previous periods), but was above the basal level.
Conclusion. The dynamics of abnormalities in carbohydrate metabolism (in particular, changes in blood glucose level) during chronic emotiogenic exposures differed in specimens with different resistance to stress factors. These data illustrate the importance of an indivi-dual approach to studying the pathophysiological mechanisms of progression and development of stress-induced disorders.
Etiological structure and antibacterial therapy of purulent meningitis in neurological patients
Authors: Kubrakov Konstantin M. , Semenov Valery M. , Marshalko Olga V. , Migunova Victoria A.
Published: February 2020

Purulent meningitis is one of the most severe forms of inflammatory brain lesions. Mortality rate in purulent meningitis amounts 10.0-25.0%.
Aim. To study the etiological structure and resistance to antibacterial drugs, to optimize the algorithm of etiotropic therapy of purulent meningitis in neurological patients.
Materials and Methods. The data on etiology and resistance of causative agents of purulent meningitis in 54 neurological patients (28 of them are male; the average age is 47 (33.5; 58) years) for the period of 2010-2018 are presented in the article. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) study included general, biochemical, bacteriological analyses as well as the study of the D-lactate level. Identification of microorganisms and determination of resistance to antibacterial therapy was performed using identification test systems (ID) and strips (ATB) using the automatic microbiological analyzer ATB Expression (Bio Merieux, France). The combined test BD Directigen Meningitis Combo Test (Becton Dickinson, USA) was also used for the direct quantitative determination of antigens against H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, E. coli. Statistical processing of the results was performed using Statistica 10.0 (Stat Soft Inc., USA) with the calculation of the sign frequency, 95.0% confidence interval (95.0% CI), median, upper and lower quartiles (Me [LQ; UQ]).
Results. 83.33% of meningitis cases in neurological patients have been established to be manifested by purulent inflammatory processes, which is confirmed by the results of the CSF analysis and the level of D-lactate (p0.05) in it. The inoculability of pathogens from CSF was 61.90% (95.0% CI 46.59-77.22%). At the same time, microorganisms were isolated in the monoculture. Gram-positive microflora constituted 88.46% (95.0% CI 75.30-100.0%) among the isolated pathogens. The main pathogens of purulent meningitis in the studied patients sample were Str. pneumoniae (34.62%) and S. aureus (26.92%); 96.15% of the isolated strains are sensitive to the most commonly used antibacterial drugs to treat meningitis.
Conclusions. The etiological structure of purulent meningitis in neurological patients has been established. The resistance of pathogens to antibacterial drugs has been studied. The algorithm of etiotropic antibacterial therapy has been optimized.
Peculiarities of energy production in glial cells of sympathetic ganglia
Authors: Gorelikov Petr L.
Published: February 2020

Aim. To determine the energy profile of satellite gliocytes in the cranial cervical sympathe-tic ganglia (CCSG) in normal functioning of nicotinic cholinergic synapses (nChS) and in their pharmaceutical deprivation.
Materials and Methods. Deprivation of CCSG in rabbits was implemented by using cholinolytic dimecolinum. The activity of H- and M-isoforms of lactate de-hydrogenase (LDH) was determined in gliocytes offrozen sections by integral cytophotomentry using Brumberg and Pevzner method.
Results. In satellite gliocytes a considerably higher activity of M-isoforms of LDH in comparison with that of H-isoforms was found which evidences predomination of anaerobic mechanisms of energy metabolism over aerobic ones in the studied cells. The relationship between the levels of activity of (Н/М) isoforms of LDH in gliocytes with experimental deprivation of nChR exhibited a complete inversion as compared to glial cells of CCSG with normal functioning of synapses.
Conclusion. Satellite gliocytes of cranial cervical sympathetic ganglion, like any other somatic cells, possess initially programmed aerobic system of energy production which transforms into anaerobic system under influence of impulses arriving through nicotine-sensitive cholinergic synapses.
Сomplex assessment of the degree of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd severity on out-patient visit
Authors: Nizov Aleksey A. , Ermachkova Anna N. , Abrosimov Vladimir N. , Ponomareva Irina B.
Published: February 2020

Аim. Analysis of the possibility and reasonability of a comprehensive assessment of clinical condition of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on outpatient visit in conditions of a small territorial municipal polyclinic.
Materials and Methods. The study was carried out on the base of municipal Outpatient clinic №12 (total adult population 7177 people) of Ryazan from October 2012 to December 2014. In history taking, positive family history, existence of unfavorable factors that could provoke development and progress of the disease, coughing episodes in history, phase of the disease, medicinal treatment were evaluated. This was followed by a screening epidemiological examination (questionnaire). In result, an observation group was formed (n=50, aged 19-81 years, mean age 56.12.3 years) from patients with chronic respiratory symptoms (cough, dyspnea) seeking medical care, where screening spirography, evaluation of the degree of severity of COPD according to GOLD 2014 were conducted, and four observation groups (A, B, C, D) were formed.
Results. COPD was confirmed in 100% of patients of the observation group, of them the 1st stage COPD was found in 18.7% of cases, 2nd in 43.3% of cases, 3rd in 30.0%, 4th in 8.0%. The number of exacerbations was 1-8 per year. The most common concomitant diseases were ischemic heart disease (53.2%), arterial hypertension (74.3%), chronic gastroduodenitis (34.5%). A combination of 2 or more chronic diseases was observed in 31% of cases. Depending on the degree of airflow rate limitation, symptoms (mMRC results), history of exacerbations, patients were divided into the following groups according to GOLD 2014: group A 59 patients (39.3%), group B 30 patients (20.0%), group C 29 patients (19.0%), and D 32 patients (21.7%). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in age, gender and smoking status (p0.05).
Conclusion. The analysis showed a possibility and convenience of using stratification of patients with COPD by the degree of severity of the disease (according to GOLD 2014) with the aim of individualization of further management of such patients.
Ethical and legal aspects of in vivo experimental biomedical research
Authors: Lipatov Vyacheslav A. , Kryukov Aleksey A. , Severinov Dmitry A. , Saakyan Araik R.
Published: February 2020

In XXI century in vivo experiments came into a common use in connection with development of biological and medical scientific fields. In the first part of the work historical and techni-cal aspects of use of animals in in vivo experiments are considered. In the work the problem of choice of a kind of laboratory animal for experimental purposes is discussed, and also the number of animals in the experimental groups is substantiated for further statistical processing of the primary information and determination of the reliability of differences in interpretation of the obtained results. According to the data of analyzed literature sources, modern researchers keep to the non-violence strategy and ahimsa principle (from Lat. ahimsᾱ causing no harm). Here, the dominating point of view is the necessity for in vivo experiments for further development of the biomedical science. This is possible provided suffering of animals are minimized with their minimal number in an experiment. The choice of the animal species first of all depends on the task faced by an experimenter. Besides, in each research a thorough choice of a specific animal is required based on the information of its health, maintenance and feeding, anatomical and physiological peculiarities, age, genetic characteristics. Chronic and acute surgical experiments are usually conducted on large vertebrate animals: dogs, European rabbits, house cats, while the action and effectiveness of pharmacological drugs are more conveniently studied on small laboratory animals: house mice, common rats, guinea-pigs, golden hamsters.
SANITASI EKOLOGIS IPAL SANIMAS DI KAMPUNG SANGKRAH SURAKARTA
Authors: Azizah Ronim
Published: February 2020

Sangkrah merupakan kampung perkotaan yang padat dan kumuh yang memiliki sanitasi lingkungan yang buruk. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan buang air besar masyarakat biasanya menggunakan sarana WC umum karena hanya sedikit warga yang memiliki km/wc. Saat ini Kampung Sangkrah telah menggunakan Sanimas (sanitasi berbasis masyarakat) sebagai lokasi percontohan pengelolaan sanitasi lingkungan yang buruk. Lokasi MCK berada di lokasi yang masyarakatnya bersedia untuk berpartisipasi dalam pembangunan Sanimas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji sanitasi ekologis yang diterapkan pada IPAL Sanimas dan seberapa besar hasil pengolahannya dapat dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat. Metode penelitian dengan cara observasi lapangan untuk: (1) pencarian data gambar dan data tekstual; dan (2) melakukan identifikasi sistim sanitasi pada IPAL SANIMAS. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa IPAL Sanimas di Kampung Sangkrah mampu mengatasi masalah sanitasi lingkungan yang buruk dengan cara: (1) membuat saluran pembuangan dari MCK secara terpisah antara grey water dan black water; (2) pembuangan limbah dari kloset (black water) diolah dengan biodigester yang menghasilkan gas metan sebagai bahan bakar memasak untuk membantu kegiatan sosial seperti Idul Adha; (3) limpahan air dari biodigester dan limbah grey water disalurkan ke bak settler, baffle reaktor dan anaerobik filter yang kemudian disalurkan ke sungai.
KARAKTERISTIK BENTENG VASTENBERG SEBAGAI BANGUNAN HERITAGE DI SURAKARTA
Authors: Aditya Risang
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini membahas tentang pentingnya konservasi Kota Surakarta sebagai salah satu kota kolonial di Indonesia. Kota merupakan cerminan dari sejarah masa lalu, melalui keragaman bangunan dari masa lalu , sekarang dan mendatang akan terlihat jejak jejak kehidupan peristiwa yang terjadi di Kota Surakarta. Penelitihan ini bertujuan untuk menginventarisasi karakteristik benteng Vastenberg sebagai bangunan heritage di Surakarta. Metode analisis yang digunakan deskriptif yaitu sample purposive dari hasil pengamatan, baik pengamatan secara langsung yaitu pengamatan di lapangan dan pengamatan tak langsung yaitu melalui literatur dan wawancara. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Benteng Vastenberg memiliki bentuk site plan berbentuk atau menyerupai kura-kura yang mana merupakan benteng pertahanan, .parit pertahanan , gerbang utama yang kokoh berornamen lengkung dan terdapat tulisan nama benteng diatasnya., Tembok selubung / tepung gelang yang berfungsi melindungi bangunan utama dan orang didalamnya dari serangan musuh dan memiliki kesamaan ornament dengan bangunan utama Keraton Kasunanan Surakarta Hadiningrat
LIMBAH PELEPAH PISANG RAJA SUSU SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF BAHAN DINDING KEDAP SUARA
Authors: Suharyani Suharyani , Mutiari Dhani
Published: February 2020

Beberapa hal yang dapat mempengaruhi kenyamanan di dalam ruangan diantaranya adalah perencanaan sistem pencahayaan, penghawaan dan akustik dapat berfungsi optimal. Kenyamanan dalam ruangan akan terwujud apabila bisa mengatasi masalah kebisingan yang terjadi baik dari dalam maupun dari luar ruangan. Kemajuan sarana transportasi menjadi salah satu penyebab masalah kebisingan. Pemilihan material yang kurang tepat juga menjadi penyebab kebisingan. Reduksi bunyi dapat terjadi tergantung jenis material penyerapannya, yaitu material yang memiliki nilai penyerapan lebih tinggi dari pada nilai pantulnya. Pemilihan material akustik menjadi penentu kualitas suara di dalam ruangan. Beberapa fungsi suatu bangunan memiliki persyaratan tingkat intensitas bunyi yang distandarkan. Bahan material yang diproduksi oleh pabrik dan sering dijumpai adalah glaswool, karpet, sterofoo,. Beberapa penelitian terdahulu telah mengujikan beberapa alternatif bahan dinding kedap suara dengan memanfaatkan potensi lokal, diantaranya adalah dengan menggunakan bahan dasar sekam padi, sabut kelapa dan serbuk gergaji kayu. Pada penelitian ini limbah pelepah pisang menjadi pilihan untuk bahan dasar dinding kedap suara. Selain harganya murah, bahanini sering dijumpai dan mudah untuk memperolehnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa serat pelepah pisang memenuhi persyaratan penting dari karakteristik dasar bahan akustik yaitu, bahan berpori yang memiliki jaringan selular dengan pori-pori yang saling berhubungan. Tingkat kepadatan pelepah pisang yang sudah dikeringkan akan semakin membuat pelepah pisang menjadi bahan yang dapat menyerap bunyi dengan cukup baik dan akan meredamnya.Pelepah pisang yang sudahdikeringkan, memilki tekstur yang berserabut dan berpori. Hal ini bisa menjadi alternatif bahan dasar material dinding kedap suara. Jenis pisang yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah pisang raja susu yang dinilai lebih murah dan lebih banyak terdapat disekitar lingkungan rumah.
PERBANDINGAN RUMAH TINGGAL TRADISIONAL JAWA DAN RUMAH TINGGAL MODERN DI SURAKARTA
Authors: Sari Fillia Mutiara , Mutiari Dhani
Published: February 2020

Rumah tinggal di Jawa Tengah bermula dari bentuk arsitektur tradisional Jawa lebih banyak dikenal dengan bangunan Joglo. Joglo merupakan kerangka bangunan utama dari rumah tradisional Jawa yang terdiri dari soko guru yaitu berupa empat tiang utama penyangga struktur bangunan serta tumpang sari yang berupa susunan balok yang disangga soko guru. Sebenarnya atap rumah Jawa tidak hanya joglo tetapi juga atap limasan dan kampung. Pemakaian atap ini sebenarnya adalah cara sebuah rumah untuk beradaptasi dengan iklim tropis yang berada di Jawa  Tengah. Searah dengan perkembangan waktu muncullah perumahan perumahan baru dengan berbagai tipe di Surakarta. Rumah dengan gaya modern telah menjadi gaya hidup ketimbang sekadar berfungsi utama sebagai desain bangunan rumah tinggal. Disain rumah tinggal modern yang lahir di Eropa tidak dapat begitu saja diaplikasikan di Surakarta karena iklim yang berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan rumah tinggal tradisonal jawa dengan rumah tinggal modern yang terdapat di Jawa Tengah. Metode yang digunakan adalah melakukan survey terhadap rumah tradisional Jawa dan rumah modern, kemudian membandingkan rumah tinggal tradisional dan mencari sesuatu yang diaplikasikan untuk rumah tinggal modern. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa ada 3 hal yang diaplikasikan yaitu orientasi bangunan, rumah tunggal dan bukan kopel dan adanya langit langit.
Kajian Perbandingan Sirkulasi Bangunan dan Pencapaian terhadap Transportasi Umum pada Bangunan Mixed-Use
Authors: Irsyadi Ardhiansyah , Setiawan Wisnu
Published: February 2020

Seiring dengan meningkatnya pertumbuhan penduduk, di sisi lain muncul lah permasalahan kekurangan lahan untuk bertempat tinggal terutama di perkotaan, dan salah satu solusinya adalah dengan mendirikan bangunan berkonsep mixed-use. Bangunan mixed-use adalah bangunan yang menggabungkan beberapa fungsi ruang dan aktivitas seperti bekerja dan bertempat tinggal ke dalam satu buah bangunan. Selain itu, bangunan mixed-use diharapkan dapat mengurangi tingkat kepadatan lalu lintas dimana para penghuninya dimudahkan untuk beraktivitas, seperti bekerja, dalam satu bangunan yang sama. Bangunan mixed-use juga terhubung dengan fasilitas transportasi umum sehingga penghuninya dapat berpindah tempat tanpa bergantung pada kendaraan pribadi mereka. Rupanya, tidak semua bangunan mixed-use memperhatikan aspek-aspek sirkulasi bangunan dan pencapaiannya terhadap transportasi umum yang ada, sehingga fungsi utama bangunan mixed-use tidak dapat berjalan secara efektif. Hal-hal tersebut barangkali dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor seperti bentuk bangunan, tata letak, dan lingkungan di sekitar bangunan. Faktor-faktor tersebut menjadi parameter penelitian ini dengan membandingan beberapa objek bangunan mixed-use. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif melalaui pengumpulan data berupa data sekunder yang diperoleh dari literatur dan data bangunan dari internet terhadap tiga bangunan mixed-use, serta pendekatan preseden arsitektur untuk mengolah data-data yang diperoleh ke dalam bentuk diagram sederhana. Melalui penelitian ini dapat diketahui kekurangan dan kelebihan masing-masing objek bangunan serta pola-pola yang terjadi dan terbentuk terkait aspek sirkulasi bangunan dan pencapainnya terhadap transportasi umum
Model Sekolah Alam Di Surakarta
Authors: Mutiari Dhani , Fardani Kartika Juni
Published: February 2020

Profil pendidikan di Indonesia dewasa ini masih banyak yang mempunyai karakteristik bersifat centris dalam arti pendidikan untuk melanjutkan sekolah, tidak mempunyai makna untuk menyongsong kehidupan di masa depan. Sistem pembelajaran yang selama ini dilakukan bersifat konvensional dan kurang sesuai dengan dinamika perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi yang demikian pesat karena kental dengan suasana instruksional. Paper ini bertujuan untuk mencari model sekolah alam yang sesuai dengan masyarakat Surakarta dan menjadi tempat penitipan sekaligus pendidikan dan bermain bagi anak-anak usia dini. Sekolah alam adalah salah satu bentuk pendidikan alternatif yang menggunakan alam sebagai media utama sebagai pembelajaran siswa didiknya. Metode belajar mengajar di sekolah alam lebih banyak menggunakan aktif atau action learning dimana anak belajar melalui pengalaman secara langsung. Penggunaan metode ini anak atau siswa diharapkan belajar dengan lebih bersemangat, tidak bosan, dan lebih aktif. Selain mendapat pendidikan dengan baik, anak juga perlu bermain sambil berekreasi yang dapat mengembangakan bakat serta kreativitasnya. Metode penelitian ini kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi komparasi dengan sekolah alam yang telah ada di Ciganjur, Bali, Surabaya dan Surakarta. Model yang dikembangkan disain ini adalah sekolah alam yang merupakan suatu wadah yang dapat menampung semua aktivitas dalam satu wadah yaitu Children Actvity Center. Children Activity Center merupakan fasilitas edukasi berbasis alam di Surakarta dengan kegiatan utama berupa pengasuhan anak, edukasi, rekreasi, sosialisasi serta penyaluran bakat dan kreativitas yang dapat mendukung pertumbuhan anak baik secara fisik maupun mental dengan pendekatan alternatif pendidikan berbasis alam. Kegiatan utama berupa pendidikan difokuskan pada anak usia dini yaitu 3-6 tahun sedangkan kegiatan pengasuhan diperuntukkan untuk anak usia 1 hingga 2 tahun. Disain yang dihasilkan adalah tata masa dengan pola radial dengan pusat ruang terbuka berupa tanaman hias untuk estetika selain area farming. Terdapat kelas dengan konsep saung menggunakan material kayu dan bambu serta outbond area yang bermanfaat untuk mendekatkan diri dengan alam. Konsep bangunan bambu menjadi pilihan untuk penampilan fasadenya.
Kajian Seni Islam pada Masjid Hj. Sudalmiyah Rais Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Authors: Umairoh Siti , Nurjayanti Widyastuti
Published: February 2020

The mosque which is a place of worship or place of worship for Muslims is also the culmination of the sanctity of space in Islam and is an artifact of Islamic architecture. Islamic art forms on mosques are a blend of symbolic elements of Islamic architecture. Masjid Hj. Sudalmiyah Rais is a part of public facilities in Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. The mosque has a very thick Islamic architectural style. This research will explore and find out what forms of Islamic art are applied to the mosque. The purpose of this study finds Islamic art was applied in the mosque and how to presents Islamic decorative arts found in the mosque. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method. This research carried out by seeing the object of the mosque, then assessed the parts that were based on the results of matching parameters of the symbolic elements of Islamic architecture. Masjid Hj.Sudalmiyah Rais fulfills 11 of these 12 parameters. The missing thing is the hand made decorations. That can be concluded that Masjid Hj. Sudalmiyah Rais applied Islamic art to the physical form of the building. Islamic ornamental arts contained in the mosque that are in the form of calligraphy ornaments, geometric ornaments, and flower ornaments (florist). The benefits of this research are to increase public knowledge about Islamic art studies found in Masjid Hj. Sudalmiyah Rais and gave references to Architects about the use of Islamic art in mosques.
Keberadaan Fasilitas Taman Hijau Kota Purwodadi dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Kenyamanan Pengunjung
Authors: Suharyani Suharyani , Wibowo Febri Arsetyo
Published: February 2020

Open spaces located in urban areas have functioned as spaces for citizen interaction for a variety of useful functions and interests. The existence of existing city parks can be utilized by citizens of the city to the fullest. This has become one of the alternatives that can be utilized by the city community for more comfortable interactions. Judging from the function of researchers interested in conducting research by formulating the problem namely how the completeness of facilities and comfort in Green Garden Purwodadi City and how comfort is felt when using the facilities available. Green Open Space Arrangement (RTH) is still being promoted by the regency government due to the lack of open green space in Grobogan Regency. So far there have only been 12.8% of public green open space, while at least it requires 20% of green open space from urban areas. Therefore, Purwodadi Green Park was chosen as the object of research. Purwodadi Green Park is a new vehicle for free and fun family recreation in downtown Purwodadi, Grobogan Regency. This study aims to find out how the criteria of a comfortable city park to interact for urban communities. Then to find out the level of comfort, can be known by using data collection methods of observation and open questionnaires. The result of study is that Purwodadi Green Park not in accordance with established standards. The incomplete facilities have resulted in visitors inconvenience caused by the lack of trees in the green park, so that during the day visitors feel the heat due to direct exposure to sunlight.
IDENTIFIKASI ATRIBUT GREEN CITY DI KOTA SRAGEN (PENEKANAN PADA RTH JALUR HIJAU DAN JALUR BIRU)
Authors: Al Habib Rizqi Azhar , Qomarun Qomarun
Published: February 2020

Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah adanya agenda kota hijau (green city) yang harusdipenuhi oleh kota-kota di Indonesia saat ini. Indonesia yang merupakan daerah tropis seharusnya lebih mudah memenuhi agenda kota hijau, tetapi fakta-fakta menunjukkanbahwa kota-kota besar di Jawa, seperti: Jakarta, Semarang, Bandung, Yogjakarta atauSurabaya belum dapat memenuhinya. Riset ini akan menggali wilayah yang lebih kecil,seperti wilayah perkotaan pada tingkat kabupaten, yaitu Kota Sragen. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan model kualitatif-deskriptif, yaitu membandingkan antara kondisi faktual dengan regulasi atau referensi yang berkaitan. Saat ini sudah dikenal 8 atribut kota hijau, sedangkan pada riset ini hanya akan berfokus pada 1 atribut saja, yaitu pada aspek RTH (Ruang Terbuka Hijau). Objek RTH yang diteliti adalah pada kawasan yangpaling mudah dikenal, yaitu pada jalur hijau (kanan-kiri jalan) dan jalur biru (kanan-kirisungai). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pencapaian pada kawasan jalurhijau di Kota Sragen sudah mencerminkan atribut kota hijau (skor>60), sedangkanuntuk kawasan jalur biru belum mampu mencerminkan atribut kota hijau (skor<60).
EVALUASI PURNA HUNI MASJID ULIL ALBAB KAMPUS 2 UMS
Authors: Rochim H Abdul , Priyatmono Alpha Febela
Published: February 2020

Masjid merupakan tempat sujud atau tempat menyembah Allah SWT. Kenyamananberibadah di dalam masjid memerlukan pengaplikasian aspek teknik, fungsi, danperilaku yang tepat agar tercipta sebuah perencanaan desain yang nyaman bagipenggunanya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membahas bagaimana aspek teknik, fungsi,maupun perilaku yang ditemukan pada Masjid Ulil Albab Kampus 2 UniversitasMuhammadiyah Surakarta dengan melakukan pendekatan observasi, analisa dan penarikan kesimpulan. Metode evaluasi purna huni digunakan untuk mengetahui tingkat keberhasilan sebuah desain bangunan baik dalam aspek kenyamanan maupunketerkaitannya dengan lingkungan sekitarnya. Dalam proses evaluasi ini terdapatbeberapa metode-metode yang bisa di pakai untuk memecahkan masalah-masalahyang timbul (problem seeking) serta menemukan pemecahan masalahnya (problem solving). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya penyimpangan aspek teknik, fungsi, maupun perilaku yang perlu ditinjau ulang agar tercipta sebuah desain masjid yang memenuhi aspek kenyamanan maupun keterkaitan dengan lingkungan.
An Example of Designing Modular Vocational Syllabi
Authors: Makrygiannis Panagiotis S , Paradisi A. , Tsapelas T. , Papakitsos Evangelos C. , Piromalis Dimitrios
Published: February 2020

In this paper, an application in developing a course for secondary vocational education settings in a modular manner is discussed and a number of conclusions are drawn from the process. The application was partly intentional and partly the result of circumstances, as it was realized, being a part of the redesign process of the specialties offered within the sector of Informatics of Vocational Lyceums (upper-secondary education), the schools that offer initial vocational education in Greece. Using modular design is applicable to secondary vocational education courses. It allows for adaptability, reusability and a variety of approaches within a competence-based syllabus. It is also suggested that more courses could benefit from a modular structure, definitely including other advanced laboratorial courses, but possibly even introductory ones.
Online Discovery/Constructivistic Learning Using Cognitive Tools in Mathematics’ Higher Education
Authors: Korres Konstantinos
Published: February 2020

This paper analyzes online discovery learning/ constructivistic approach using cognitive tools in higher Mathematics’ education, via a combination of electronic worksheets designed and implemented in Mathematica and online synchronous communication via the tools of a Learning Management System (LMS) and voice and video group calls. Moreover, the paper presents empirical research results of a case study concerning the approach’s application at the Department of Statistics and Insurance Sciences of the University of Piraeus and focuses on students’ attitudes towards the approach. We used a mixed approach in the study, in particular a quantitative approach with open-ended questions. A questionnaire was handed out and was answered by the students that participated. We performed statistical analysis via SPSS to data obtained by questions with binary answers and answers on a 7-point Likert scale. Also we included several open-ended questions, in order for the students to express their views and attitudes towards the benefits and the disadvantages of the tools and the approach used.