bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel COVID-19- the pandemic on planet Earth- A brief insight into Transmission, Diagnosis and Treatment- A Review
Authors: Azhagu saravana babu P  , Archana G  , Divya Bharathi M  , Muthusamy M  , Jeya Pragash D  , Jeba Sweetly J  , Sybia Vasantha Pakiavathy I  , Ushani U
Published: May 2020

Pandemic diseases continue to emerge as per the World health Organisation reports and there had been a continuous combat against the same for past years worldwide. These diseases might include viral or bacterial or other deadly pathogens. The current and trending outbreak which spreads equally among all countries which is becoming fatal is the novel Corona virus or COVID-19. The infection started its journey right from wuhan city, China and now has no borders to cross up to date. The symptoms are direct or indirect and various from individual. One such serious stage is “Severe Acute Respiratory disorder” a syndrome or disorder caused by our own immune system when fighting against an infection. Another fatal symptom is the Severe Acute Respiratory disorder. It is condition where our own immune systems overworks against a particular pathogenic infection and the chemical released by the same causes inflammation or damage to our own cells or tissues. Among the various causes of sepsis or tissue damage and fatal sepsis, pneumonia, viral pneumonia like COVID- 19 is more critical to go for treatment. However sepsis is not contagious, it could cause serious damage to the person through blood stream from the source of infection.
METODE CIRC UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEAKTIFAN DAN KEMAMPUAN MENELAAH TEKS PIWULANGAN SERAT WULANGREH PUPUH GAMBUH
Authors: Cahyono Bambang
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) Mengetahui keaktifan belajar siswa selama proses pembelajaran teks pembelajaran pada umumnya, sehingga metode pembelajaran ini mendorong siswa untuk belajar bekerjasama yang bersifat konstruktif, saling menghargai, dan menghindari egoisme yang cenderung menonjolkan diri. Pada siklus I siswa yang menunjukkan keaktifan tinggi adalah 78% dan pada siklus II mencapai 100%; (2) Metode pembelajaran CIRC memberikan kemudahan kepada siswa untuk memahami isi teks piwulangan Serat Wulangreh Pupuh Gambuh, suasana  kelas menjadi kondusif untuk melakukan transfer ilmu. Sumber belajar tidak terfokus pada guru semata, tetapi didapatkan dari interaksi antar siswa yang ada, sehingga  metode pembelajaran CIRC efektif piwulangan Serat Wulangreh Pupuh Gambuh dengan menggunakan metode CIRC pada siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 2 Ambal Kabupaten Kebumen semester I Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020; (2) Mengetahui hasil belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran teks piwulangan Serat Wulangreh Pupuh Gambuh  dengan menggunakan metode CIRC pada siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 2 Ambal Kabupaten Kebumen Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020. Jenis penelitian adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK), dengan prosedur penelitian: persiapan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan/evaluasi, dan refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan: observasi, wawancara,  dan penugasan. Teknik validitas menggunakan trianggulasi sumber dan trianggulasi metode. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis model interaktif dan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan: (1) Metode pembelajaran CIRC mampu meningkatkan keaktifan belajar siswa selama proses belajar-mengajar berlangsung. Hal ini dikarenakan siswa dibagi menjadi beberapa kelompok dan diberikan tugas secara berkelompok. Suasana pembelajaran berbeda dari suasana meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Ketuntasan belajar siswa pada siklus I adalah 72% dan pada siklus II mencapai 94%.
The Labor-Market Skills of Foreign-born Workers in the United States, 2007–2017
Authors: Hernández-Murillo Rubén
Published: May 2020

Various measures of the labor-market skills of foreign-born workers have improved during the past decade. The largest gains are concentrated among immigrants from Mexico, who traditionally have shown the lowest skill levels among foreign-born workers. The data suggest that the apparent increase in skills is the result of a shift in the distribution of immigrants coming to the United States, with increased immigration of workers from Asia and a precipitous decline in immigration of workers from Mexico.
Comportamiento espacial y temporal de la salinidad de suelos del Centro de Apoyo Manglaralto UPSE
Authors: Lino-Suárez José Luis , Balmaseda-Espinosa Carlos Eloy , Ponce de León-Lima Daniel
Published: May 2020

El estudio se realizó en zonas con aptitud agrícola del Centro de Apoyo Manglaralto UPSE con una superficie aproximada de 11.6 hectáreas, localizado en la parroquia Manglaralto del cantón Santa Elena, la precipitación promedio anual de 385.2 mm y una temperatura media de 23.4 ºC. Se evaluó el comportamiento espacial y temporal de la salinidad de suelos por medio de la Conductividad Eléctrica (CE) en 40 puntos de muestreo a profundidades de 0 a 20 cm y de 20 a 50 cm. El muestreo fue realizado en diciembre del 2018 y mayo del 2019. Los análisis de 20 muestras fueron realizados por dos técnicas, el extracto de pasta de saturación y con una solución de suelo-agua 1:5, con el fin de encontrar el modelo de mejor ajuste y de esa forma estimar los valores CE en pasta saturada a partir de las mediciones en laboratorio de la CE en una solución agua:suelo 1:5. Con los resultados obtenidos se realizó la interpolación de la CE por el método Moving Average (promedios móviles), en donde en suelos a profundidades de 0 a 20 se encontraron tenores máximos de 2.32 y 0.91 dS/m en los meses de diciembre y mayo respectivamente. A las profundidades de 20 a 50 cm esos valores fueron mayores. Se asume que el agua de riego con una CE promedio en octubre de 4.1 dS/m es una de las principales fuentes de acumulación de sales en los suelos, al mismo tiempo que lixivia las sales en épocas de regadío.
Multilevel genome typing: genomics-guided scalable resolution typing of microbial pathogens
Authors: Payne Michael , Kaur Sandeep , Wang Qinning , Hennessy Daneeta , Luo Lijuan , Octavia Sophie , Tanaka Mark M. , Sintchenko Vitali , Lan Ruiting
Published: May 2020

Background

Both long- and short-term epidemiology are fundamental to disease control and require accurate bacterial typing. Genomic data resulting from implementation of whole genome sequencing in many public health laboratories can potentially provide highly sensitive and accurate descriptions of strain relatedness. Previous typing efforts using these data have mainly focussed on outbreak detection.

Aim

We aimed to develop multilevel genome typing (MGT), using consecutive multilocus sequence typing (MLST) schemes of increasing sizes, stepping up from seven-gene MLST to core genome MLST, to allow examination of genetic relatedness at multiple resolution levels.

Methods

The system was applied to Salmonella
enterica serovar Typhimurium. The MLST scheme used at each step (MGT level), defined a given MGT-level specific sequence type (ST). The list of STs generated from all of these increasing MGT levels, was named a genome type (GT). Using MGT, we typed 9,096 previously characterised isolates with publicly available data.

Results

Our approach could identify previously described S. Typhimurium populations, such as the DT104 multidrug resistance lineage (GT 19-2-11) and two invasive lineages of African isolates (GT 313-2-3 and 313-2-752). Further, we showed that MGT-derived clusters can accurately distinguish five outbreaks from each other and five background isolates.

Conclusion

MGT provides a universal and stable nomenclature at multiple resolutions for S. Typhimurium strains and could be implemented as an internationally standardised strain identification system. While established so far only for S. Typhimurium, the results here suggest that MGT could form the basis for typing systems in other similar microorganisms.
Cross-border spread of blaNDM-1- and blaOXA-48-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae: a European collaborative analysis of whole genome sequencing and epidemiological data, 2014 to 2019
Authors: Ludden Catherine , Lötsch Felix , Alm Erik , Kumar Narender , Johansson Karin , Albiger Barbara , Huang Te-Din , Denis Olivier , Hammerum Anette M , Hasman Henrik , Jalava Jari , Räisänen Kati , Dortet Laurent , Jousset Agnès B , Gatermann Sören , Haller Sebastian , Cormican Martin , Brennan Wendy , Del Grosso Maria , Monaco Monica , Schouls Leo , Samuelsen Ørjan , Pirš Mateja , Cerar Tjaša , Oteo-Iglesias Jésus , Pérez-Vázquez Maria , Sjöström Karin , Edquist Petra , Hopkins Katie L , Struelens Marc J , Palm Daniel , Monnet Dominique L , Kohlenberg Anke
Published: May 2020

Analysis of sequencing data for 143 bla
NDM-1- and bla
OXA-48-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from 13 European national collections and the public domain resulted in the identification of 15 previously undetected multi-country transmission clusters. For 10 clusters, cases had prior travel/hospitalisation history in countries outside of the European Union including Egypt, Iran, Morocco, Russia, Serbia, Tunisia and Turkey. These findings highlight the benefit of European whole genome sequencing-based surveillance and data sharing for control of antimicrobial resistance.
Linked Lives: The Experiences of Higher Education and Student Affairs Doctoral Students and Their Partners
Authors: Culpepper Dawn , A. Goodman Michael , Norris Lauren
Published: May 2020

Aim/Purpose: This study examines how higher education and student affairs doctoral students and their partners navigate the graduate school experience through the lens of linked lives.

Background: Enhancing doctoral students’ ability to integrate their academic and personal lives can contribute to positive student outcomes such as retention and satisfaction. Yet, many features of graduate education may undermine students’ ability to maintain their romantic relationships.

Methodology: This study draws from joint and individual interviewers with six couples (12 individuals), wherein one partner was a doctoral student in higher education or student affairs.

Contribution: Many studies examine work-life integration for faculty members, but much less research seeks to understand how academia affects the experiences of graduate students and their partners. This study contributes to the literature on graduate student work-life integration by putting couples at the center of analysis, using theories of linked lives, and considers implications for doctoral students and graduate training programs in higher education and student affairs.

Findings: Our findings revealed three main ways that doctoral students and their partners navigated graduate education: shared decision-making; negotiating, turn-taking, and trading off; and strategically integrating or dividing academic and personal lives.

Recommendations for Practitioners: Graduate programs and institutions can enhance work-life integration and the experiences of doctoral students and their partners by incorporating discussion of dual-career concerns into the recruitment/admissions process and considering work-life concerns throughout the doctoral experience.

Recommendation for Researchers: Applying the theoretical framework of linked lives brings visibility to a layer of the graduate student experience previously made invisible: the role of student’s partners.

Impact on Society: By recognizing the work-life experiences of higher education and student affairs doctoral students and their partners, this study challenges graduate training programs to consider how to change or enhance the resources and structures offered to graduate students in ways that contribute to satisfaction and retention.

Future Research: Longitudinal examination of doctoral students and their partners over time and comparison of experiences of couples in different fields/disciplines.
Sosyal Medya Kullanımının E-Sağlık Okuryazarlığına Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ÖZER Özlem , ÖZMEN Sümeyye , ÖZKAN Okan
Published: May 2020

kullanımına ilişkin algılarının e-sağlık okuryazarlığına etkisini incelemektir. Çalışmanın bir diğer amacı ise demografik değişkenler açısından öğrencilerin sosyal medya kullanımı ve e-sağlık okuryazarlığı algılarını araştırmaktır. Çalışmanın evrenini, bir devlet üniversitesinin Sağlık Yönetimi bölümünde eğitim görmekte olan öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır (N=450). Araştırmada örneklem seçilmemiş, araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden tüm öğrencilere anket dağıtılmıştır. Böylece toplam 337 katılımcıya ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmanın verileri 2-10 Aralık 2019 tarihleri arasında toplanmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen verilere göre öğrencilerin e-sağlık okuryazarlığı ve sosyal medya kullanım düzeyi orta düzeydedir. Değişkenler arasındaki korelasyon katsayılarına bakıldığında ise e-sağlık okuryazarlığı ile sosyal medya kullanımının alt boyutları arasında pozitif ve düşük düzeyde ilişkiler bulunmaktadır. Sosyal medya kullanımı alt boyutları hep birlikte e-sağlık okuryazarlığı üzerindeki toplam varyansın %12,1’ini açıklamaktadır. Ayrıca öğrencilerin e-sağlık okuryazarlığı ölçeğinden almış oldukları puanlarının yaş ve sınıf düzeyine göre; sosyal rutinlerle bütünleşme boyutundan almış oldukları puanlarının da cinsiyet ve sınıf düzeyine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir.
Marka Değeri ve Hissedar Değeri: BİST Metal Ana Sanayi Firmaları Üzerine Bir Uygulama
Authors: ÜNLÜ Ulaş , ÇITAK Levent
Published: May 2020

Bu çalışmada Borsa İstanbul’da işlem gören Metal Ana sanayi firmalarının finansal açıdan hesaplanmış marka değeri ile hissedar değeri arasında bir bağlantı olup olmadığı analiz edilmiştir. Marka değeri ve hissedar değerini birlikte ölçen çalışmaların sınırlı sayıda olması sebebiyle çalışmanın literatüre katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir. Çalışmada firmaların marka değerleri Hirose Yöntemi’ne göre hesaplanarak Ekonomik Katma Değer (EVA) temelli Hissedar Değerleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın bulguları marka değeri yüksek olan firmaların hissedarlarına sağladığı katma değerin de yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Diğer taraftan, yüksek marka değerine sahip bazı firmalar hissedar değeri yaratmazken, bir firmanın da nispeten düşük marka değeri ile oldukça yüksek hissedar değeri yaratmış olması, yatırılan sermaye getirisinin sermaye maliyetinin üzerinde olmasının önemini açıkça ortaya koymuştur.
Psikolojik Sözleşmenin Oluşumu ve Kapsamına İlişkin Düşük Maaşla İstihdam Edilen Yeni Mezun Mühendisler ve Yöneticilerinin Algıları Üzerine Fenomenolojik Bir Araştırma
Authors: AKAR Nuray
Published: May 2020

Bu çalışmada, düşük maaşla istihdam edilen yeni mezun mühendislerin psikolojik sözleşme kapsamında karşı taraf olarak kimi algıladıkları, tarafların psikolojik sözleşmeye dair algılarının nasıl oluştuğu ve psikolojik sözleşme kapsamındaki karşılıklı beklenti ve yükümlülüklere ilişkin düşük maaşla istihdam edilen yeni mezun mühendisler ile yöneticilerinin bakış açıları araştırılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda nitel araştırma tasarımı kullanılarak, farklı alanlarda düşük maaşla istihdam edilen yeni mezun 15 mühendis ve bu mühendislerin üstü konumundaki 11 yönetici ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan fenomenolojik analiz sonucunda, psikolojik sözleşmenin oluşumu ve kapsamına ilişkin düşük maaşla istihdam edilen yeni mezun mühendisler ile yöneticilerinin işlemsel ve ilişkisel temelde farklı algılara sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Knowledge and Practice of Breast Self-Examiniation Among Female Undergraduate Students. A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Nuhu Khadija Nasidi , Saleh Garba
Published: May 2020

Objective This study was aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice of Breast Self-Examination (BSE) among female undergraduate students. Methods Two hundred and thirty-seven female students were recruited in this cross-sectional survey, using multistage sampling technique. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaire designed by researcher and data was analysed using descriptive statistics. Result The results showed that the majority of the respondents were between the ages of 21–25 years, 100% of the respondents were aware of breast cancer, 95.4% were aware of BSE while 203 (93.6%) would seek care if they discovered any abnormalities in their breast. However, 67.7% of the respondents practiced BSE. Conclusion The respondents had good knowledge and a positive attitude toward breast self-examination; however, they did not practice BSE even though they know the benefit. Mass media provided the most information to these respondents about breast cancer and breast self-examination. It is recommended that further study should be carried out among market women to determine their level of knowledge and practice.
Generation X and Y: Impact of Work Attitudes and Work Values on Employee Performance
Authors: Authors Contributing , Usmani Sania , Asif Muhammad Haris , Mahmood Muhammad Zaid , Khan Muhammad Yousuf , Burhan Mir
Published: May 2020

Sustainable competitive advantage lies in the intellectual capital of firms, where it has become important to retain employees and train them for future leadership. Hence, firms must recognize the importance of the work values and attitudes of the employed Generation. Understanding Generational diversity and using the right strategy is crucial for the firm’s success. Theorization of Generational differences have been applied in Western Cultures more often than Eastern Cultures, hence this research expanded the concept of Generational diversity to the banking workforce of Karachi, Pakistan. The relationship between Generation X and Y work values and attitudes on employee performance was examined. Three hundred people from Generation X and Y were taken as a sample from the Commercial Banks in Karachi and responses on different work attitudes and values were taken. It was found that values and attitudes have a significant relationship with employee performance for both Generation X and Y. However, cognitive and social values are important for Generation X while cognitive, instrumental and prestige values are important for Generation Y employees. The study theoretically contributes to work values and attitudes perspective, generational theory and performance perspective and offers implications for creating a suitable combination of tasks and rewards with respect to individual needs.
Building World-Class University in Pakistan: Opportunities and Constraints
Authors: Authors Contributing , Khawar Ayesha , Arif Seema
Published: May 2020

The article explores the issues of academic excellence in higher education to pursue a position in world-class universities. Two universities in Pakistan have been chosen for the site of this qualitative study, one which has achieved the status, and the other still aspiring. The triangulation has been reached by a document analysis of the quality reports submitted by the two universities, semi-structured interviews with the senior and middle management of the universities, deans, and director for Quality Enhancement Cells, and head of the departments of the selected universities. The primary data obtained have been compared and contrasted with the quality characteristics marked by standards for academic excellence. Research findings inform us that unawareness of the international quality standards, and its potential benefits, the disinterest of university leadership are the main problems, due to which Pakistani universities are lagging behind. The study proposes if proper understanding and meaningfulness is created through quality professionalism, it would become much easier to pursue quality assurance process to meet international standards. The findings of the study will be a unique contribution to the body of literature creating a point of interest to policymakers and quality assurance practitioners of the developing countries who are concerned about the academic excellence of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) to accentuate in the significant areas which make any university, a world-class university.
MODIFIKASI KAPAL PURSE SEINE 30 GT DENGAN MENAMBAHKAN CADIK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN SURVIVAL OF INTACT STABILITY
Authors: Hasanudin Hasanudin , Yulianto Totok , Ariesta Rizky Chandra
Published: May 2020

A fishing operation is a dangerous and high risk activity. Stability of the vessel plays an important role in performing safely and successfully fishing operations. A brand new 30 GT purse seiner, production of a traditional shipyard in Batang Regency, experienced 15o heel after its launch. This condition potentially affects the stability of the vessel. The purpose of the study is to analyze the vessel stability and improve existing stability by adding outriggers. Research was conducted in two phases, data collection in the research site and stability analysed using a naval architecture software. The vessel stability was analyzed in six loading scenarios following the fishing operation process, subsequently the stability was compared against IMO standard. Results show that with the existing design, the vessel does not meet IMO criteria for the most applied scenarios. Next step, outriggers were added in both sides of the vessel model, as an effort to improve its stability. Accordingly, it is revealed that outriggers addition is scientifically proven to improve the stability of the studied vessel. As this research merely focused on the stability improvement, further analysis regarding maneuverability is required given a purse seiner operates encircled fishing gear.

Keywords: outrigger, purse seiner, stability
ASSESSMENT OF THE WINTER HARDINESS OF THE CHERRY TREES REPRODUCTIVE BUDS IN FIELD CONDITIONS
Authors: Gulyaeva А. А. , Efremov I. N. , Bezlepkina Е. V.
Published: May 2020

This article presents the results of two years of research on the degree of resistance of generative buds of sour cherry varieties to adverse winter conditions in the field. The obtained results allow us to say that almost all the examined varieties were characterized by an increased degree of winter hardiness. The overwhelming majority of varieties, selected and elite seedlings were included in the first group of resistance by winter hardiness of generative buds, since their average percentage of damage to the buds by frost did not exceed 10% in two years. A few more varieties were assigned to the second resistance group and had damage at the level of 10-25%. Some varieties were assigned to the third and fourth categories of winter hardiness (25-50% and 50-75%, respectively). In the last, fifth group, in which the varieties with damage to flower buds at the level of 75-100% should be located, not one of the studied varieties was assigned. The studies were carried out at the experimental fields of the RRIFCB laboratory of breeding and cultivar studying of stone fruits. For study, 8 varieties and 4 selective and elite forms of cherry 2011 planting and 11 varieties 2015 planting were taken as objects of study. The degree of damage to the buds and tissues was assessed in the second decade of March 2018 - 2019 after the completion of the growth of 1 ... 2-year-old branches as the stage of passage of dangerous frosts was completed. Freezing of wood and core was assessed visually under a magnifying glass on cross sections of shoots according to the intensity of browning of tissues (from light to dark brown) with scores from 0 to 5.
THE STUDY OF INTRODUCED VARIETIES OF THE BLACKCURRANT ALL-RUSSIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF FRUIT CROP BREEDING COLLECTION FOR RESISTANCE TO BIOTIC FACTORS
Authors: Bakhotskaya А. Yu. , Knyazev S. D.
Published: May 2020

To create new competitive varieties of black currant, breeders work in the main areas: comprehensive resistance to major diseases and pests, high adaptability, large size of fruits, and suitability for mechanized harvesting. To create black currant varieties that meet modern requirements, it is necessary to identify donors and sources of economically valuable traits and further use them in the breeding process. In order to identify the most promising forms, it is necessary to monitor new varieties of different ecological and geographical origin. This article presents the results of the variety study of introduced blackcurrant varieties obtained from other research institutions in the near and far abroad for resistance to major diseases and pests. Studies have shown that almost all varieties in the Orel region show moderate to high susceptibility to powdery mildew and moderate resistance to columnar rust and bud mite.
Experimental assessment of a CI engine operating with 1-pentanol/diesel fuel blends
Authors: YEŞİLYURT Murat Kadir , DOĞAN Battal , EROL Derviş
Published: May 2020

Pentanol or amyl alcohol, regarding its physical and chemical properties, is a type of alcohol that can be used as an alternative and sustainable fuel in diesel engine applications. In this study, three different fuel blends (Pt10, Pt20, and Pt30) prepared by adding various ratios (10%-30%) of 1-pentanol on a volume basis into pure diesel fuel with implementing the splash-blending method were used in a single-cylinder, four-stroke diesel-engine coupled with a generator. The effects of a next-generation alcohol addition to the diesel fuel on the engine performance and exhaust emission levels were examined meticulously. As a result of the experimental studies carried out in a constant engine speed of 3000 rpm at six different loads (0-2000 W) in a compression ignition engine, it was observed that the fuel consumption increased as the ratio of pentanol in fuel blends increased. Carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbon (HC) emissions obtained by using 1-pentanol/diesel fuel blends were found to be higher than that of conventional diesel fuel. The highest values for CO and HC emissions were obtained by the Pt30 fuel at all engine load conditions. However, it was determined that as the pentanol ratio in fuel blends increased, nitrogen oxides (NOX), carbon dioxide (CO2) and smoke emissions, the most important disadvantage of pure diesel fuel, were reduced. Accordingly, it is concluded that 1-pentanol can be used as a fractional replacement for the diesel fuel.
A Comparative Study of Ethanol and Methanol Addition Effects on Engine Performance, Combustion and Emissions in the SI Engine
Authors: ÖRS İlker , SAYIN Bahar , CİNİVİZ Murat
Published: May 2020

In this study, the availability of methanol instead of ethanol was investigated in terms of performance, emission and combustion characteristics. The experiments were conducted in a single cylinder, four-stroke SI engine for different engine speeds at full engine load. Test fuels were prepared by 10% ethanol and methanol addition into gasoline. According to the experimental results, while methanol addition increased bsfc values by 10.3% compared to ethanol addition, it caused a reduction to the bte values by 6.12%. The methanol addition fuel has shown similar combustion characteristics with ethanol addition fuel. Although the methanol addition decreased CO2, CO, HC and NOx emissions by 6.48%, 26.6%, 4.75% and 9.16% respectively compared to ethanol addition, it has higher oxygen emission values by 15.3% due to its higher oxygen content than ethanol. These results show that methanol can also use as an additive for gasoline like ethanol.
Hubungan Religiusitas dan Motivasi menjadi Relawan dengan Perilaku Prososial Anglican Community Center Batam
Authors: Sukamti Sukamti , Suroso Suroso , Saragih Sahat
Published: May 2020

AbstrackAnglican Community Center Batam is a community of social volunteers who gives their time, energy and funds to help people who are in difficulities. The illegal house (ruli) community of Baloi Kolam Batam is known as a community where the people live in difficulties and have violence, alcoholic, infidelity and low prosocial behaviors. Anglican Community Centre volunteers give assistance through medical programs, food distribution, reading and writing tuition and character education at ruli Baloi Kolam. Everything is given free of charge. The purpose of this study is to determine the correclation of religiosity and motivation to be volunteers with prosocial behavior at Batam's Anglican Community Center volunteers. This study involves 66 volunteers from Batam's Anglican Community Center. The research instrument used is the scale of prosocial behavior, religiosity and motivation to be volunteers. This study uses multiple regression analysis techniques that are processed with the SPSS version 20. The results of the study show (1) religiosity has a very significant correlation with prosocial behavior with a calculated t value of 2.781 and siginification of 0.007 (p<0.01); (2) motivation to be volunteers has a very significant correlation with a value of t count of 3.835 and a significance of 0.000 (p<0.01); (3) religiosity and motivation to be volunteers have a very significant correlation simultaneously with prosocial behavior with a F value of 20.813 and a significance of 0.000 (p<0.01). The implication of this research is that volunteers at Anglican Community Center Batam need to maintain and further improve religiosity as a means to maintain motivation to be volunteers so that they increase their prosocial behavior.Keywords: Religiosity, Motivation To Be Volunteers and Prosocial Behavior
Meaningful Work, Kepemimpinan Transformasional dan Komitmen Organisasi Guru
Authors: Wahyuni Sri , Suroso Suroso , Farid Muhammad
Published: May 2020

This study aims to explore the relationship between meaningful work, transformational leadership and organizational commitment of teachers both simultaneously and also partially. The subjects in this study were SDIT Ghilmani teachers who had 1 year minimum service period. Data analysis techniques using multiple regression analysis with the help of SPSS Versiaon 20. The results of the study stated that there is a relationship between meaningful work, transformational leadership and organizational commitment in SDIT Ghilmani Surabaya teachers, so that both of these variables can predict organizational commitment. The results of the study stated that there is a relationship between meaningful work, transformational leadership and organizational commitment in SDIT Ghilmani Surabaya teachers, so that both of these variables can predict organizational commitment. There is a partial positive relationship between meaningful work with organizational commitment and there is no positive relationship partially bertween transformational leadership and organizational commitment.
SİYASET FELSEFESİNDE DEVLETİN DOĞUŞU VE DEVLETİN MEŞRUİYETİ TARTIŞMALARI
Authors: AKTAN Can
Published: May 2020

Bu çalışma devletin doğuşu, evrimi ve meşruiyeti konularının kısa bir özetini sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmamızın hemen başlarında ilk çağlardan günümüze muhtelif filozofların devlet kavramı ve devletin fonksiyonları üzerindeki farklı görüşleri özetlenmektedir. Daha sonra Thomas Hobbes, John Locke ve Jean Jacques Rousseau tarafından farklı şekillerde yorumlanan Doğa Durumu ele alınmaktadır. Bu çerçevede muhtelif düşünürlerin Hobbes, Locke ve Rousseau tarafından incelenen Sosyal Sözleşme Teorisi üzerine görüşleri kısaca özetlenmektedir. Anarşizm ve Marksizm devlet gücünü ya da otoritesini farklı açılardan ele alan siyaset felsefeleridir. Anarşizm zorlayıcı bir güç olmaksızın bir toplumsal yaşamın var olabileceğine inanmakta ve devletin sahip olduğu zorlayıcı güç tekelini ret etmektedir. Marksizm ise nihai olarak devletin kaldırılması ve komünist bir toplumun inşası üzerine görüşler sunmaktadır. Devletin doğasında her zaman görev ve fonksiyonlarını genişleterek büyüme ve aynı zamanda güç ve yetkilerini istismar ve suistimal etme eğilimlerinin olduğu asla gözden uzak tutulmamalıdır. Kontrolsüz ve sınırsız bir devletin (Leviathan) tehlikelerini küçümsemek ve bu konuda önlem almamak özgür toplumun küçülmesi ve hata yok olması anlamına gelir.
SİYASAL İLETİŞİM BAĞLAMINDA 2015 GENEL SEÇİM HABERLERİNİN ANALİZİ
Authors: İNANÇ Mine , TOKER Huriye
Published: May 2020

Siyaset ve iletişim disiplinlerinin bileşimi olarak tanımlanan siyasal iletişim olgusu, toplumsal yaşam pratiği açısından bireylerin siyasi ideolojilerini, karar ve tercihlerini belirlemede doğrudan etkinliği olan kuramsal bir kavramdır. Kitle iletişim araçları, bir diğer ifadeyle medya, her türlü siyasal enformasyonu kitlelere ulaştırmada en önemli kaynaktır. Özellikle demokrasinin egemen olduğu toplumlarda medyanın ana işlevi, kamuoyunu oluşturmak ve kamunun siyasi tutum ve kanaatleri üzerinde etkili olmaktır. Siyasal iletişim çalışmaları, özellikle demokratik toplumlarda sosyal bir olgu olarak seçim dönemlerinde önem kazanmaktadır. Özellikle haber medyası seçim dönemlerinde, iktidar sahipleri ve üst düzey karar alıcılar tarafından üretilen politik mesajları medya aracılığıyla ileterek seçmen kitlesinin siyasi kararlarında belirleyici rol oynamaktadırlar. Çalışmanın konusu, Haziran 2015 Genel Seçimi ve Kasım 2015 Erken Genel Seçimi öncesi birer aylık seçim kampanyaları dönemlerinde, üç ulusal gazetede yayımlanan seçim ile ilgili haberlerin konularının, tonunun, siyasal partilere ve aktörlere karşı yaklaşımlarının çözümlenmesi ve elde edilen bulguların karşılaştırmalı olarak siyasal iletişim açısından incelenmesidir. Araştırma evrenini temsil etmesi açısından, temsil ettikleri yayın politikaları ve siyasi eğilimleri göz önüne alınarak Cumhuriyet, Hürriyet ve Sabah gazeteleri çalışma kapsamına dahil edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda her üç gazetenin de seçime giren siyasal partilerle ilgili farklı tutum sergiledikleri ve iki seçim dönemi arasında da ele alınıp analiz edilen kategoriler açısından farklılıklar olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
PERANGKAT LUNAK KOMPUTER
Authors: Nasution Nirleka
Published: May 2020

Computer software is a computer program that serves as a bridge between computer users (users) and computers. In other words, software is a translator between the user as the giver of instructions and the computer as the party who receives the instructions. Software has the opposite properties to hardware. If physical hardware can be touched, another case with software, software cannot be touched with the physical sense of touch. However, software is very important in operating the computer. Because without computer software only machines that cannot be operated with user instructions. The software system is created using a programming language written by the programmer so that it becomes code that can be recognized by the hardware.Keywords: Computer software.
Managerial Implementation of the Principal in Elementary School
Authors: Lian Bukman
Published: May 2020

This study aimed at determining the managerial implementation of school principals at SD Negeri 24 Pulau Rimau. This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive research approach. The subject is the school principal at SDN 24 Pulau Rimau. The informants are the school principal and teacher. Data collection techniques were (1) observation; (2) interview; and (3) documentation. The collected data is examined for the validity of the data, using triangulation, with verification and checking of the adequacy of the references. The results of this study were the ability of the managerial implementation of principals at SD Negeri 24 Pulau Rimau was very good seen from planning, organizing, directing, and supervising.
The Influence of Principal Supervision and Organizational Climate toward Teacher’s Performance
Authors: Lian Bukman
Published: May 2020

This research was conducted with the aim to determine the effect of the supervision of the school principal and organizational climate on the performance of high school teachers in the Districts of Muara Sugihan and Makarti Jaya. The method used in this research was quantitative descriptive. The results obtained there is a positive and significant influence of the supervision of the principal on the performance of high school teachers, there is a positive and significant influence of organizational climate on the performance of high school teachers, and there is an influence of school principal supervision and organizational climate on the performance of high school teachers.
Makalah Bahaya Narkoba
Authors: Putri Amalia
Published: May 2020

Dampak dari penggunaan narkoba
Analisis Presensi Yhwh Dalam Perjanjian Digunung Sinai Dan Penerapannya Di Masa Kini Keluaran 19:1-25
Authors: Sukmana Nehemia Rosa , Purba Novi Aling , Buulolo Karima , Fitriani Riska
Published: May 2020

Peristiwa yang terjadi di keluarnya bangsa Israel dari Mesir merupakan suatu model penebusan perjanjian lama oleh Yahweh, Perjanjian di Sinai adalah perjanjian yang diikat oleh Allah terhadap bangsa Israel. Perjanjian ini sifatnya adalah mengikat bukan kepada seorang pribadi yaitu Musa, melainkan kepada satu umat yaitu bangsa Israel, Tuhan menaruh standar kepada setiap manusia dengan memberikan Taurat dan bagaimana hukum taurat yang sudah ada pada masa perjanjian lama dapat diperbaharui di masa perjanjian baru dengan cara menjadikan perintah-perintah sebagai peringatan yang harus diingat bahwa perintah itu ada dan dilakukan dengan berbarengan bersama iman kita kepada Yesus sang juruslamat yang sudah menebus setiap umat-Nya, tidak menghilangkan esensi taurat itu sendiri namun tidak memposisikan taurat sebagai kunci utama keselamatan (perbuatan) seperti yang orang farisi lakukan, namun mencoba mengail ajaran yang telah Yesus sampaikan mengenai perbuatan dan iman harus seimbang sama-sama dilakukan. Bagaimana juga sikap gereja-gereja untuk memberlakukan sikap atau moral setiap jemaat tetap terus bertumbuh dan berdampak untuk membangun suatu komunitas gereja yang benar-benar tepat dalam tuntutan zaman semakin maju. Akhir kata dengan kedatangan Yesus menyelamatkan menebus uamt-Nya, demikian lah Ia menyatakan kesepuluh taurat itu akan berlaku hingga tiba waktunya.
Administrasi Layanan Khusus
Authors: Mutya Dian
Published: May 2020

This article aims to describe the understanding, types and management, and the role of the teacher in the administration of special services. In this article, the author uses the method of studying literature by collecting literature (material materials) sourced from books, journals, and other sources related to the science of special service administration and then concludes all material or material obtained by developing it in the form of knowledge or new insight. Special service administration is a process of providing service needs to students to support learning activities so that educational goals can be achieved effectively and efficiently. Special service administration is divided into several types, namely libraries, labor, school health enterprises, cafes, religious facilities, dormitories, cooperatives, and transportation. One of the roles of the teacher in the administration of special services is in the type of library, the teacher has the task of introducing books to students and teachers, choosing books and other library materials to be purchased, promoting the library both for use and guidance, knowing the type and mastering general criteria that determine the merits of a collection, as well as ensuring that students actively help the development of the library.
Makalah
Authors: Khayra Aja
Published: May 2020

Makalah narkoba narkotika
Konsep Dasar, Prinsip, dan Peranan Supervisi Pendidikan
Authors: Mutya Dian
Published: May 2020

The writing of this article aims to describe the understanding, process, and role of the teacher in school financial administration. In this article, the authors use the literature study method by collecting literature (material materials) sourced from books, journals, and other sources related to the science of school financial administration and concludes all material or material obtained by developing it in the form of knowledge or insight new. School financial management can be interpreted as a series of activities regulating school finance ranging from planning, accounting, spending, supervision and accountability of school finances. Education funding should be done efficiently. Financial management is one of the substance of school management which helps determine the course of educational activities in schools. As happened in the substance of education management in general, financial management activities are carried out through the process of planning, organizing, directing, coordinating, supervising or controlling. The person responsible for education costs is the principal, however, teachers are also expected to play a role in the school's financial administration.
AN EVALUATION OF SCHOOL OPERATIONAL FUND PROGRAM
Authors: Lian Bukman
Published: May 2020

This study aimed at determining the planning and accountability as well as the benefits and impacts of the BOS funding program in SD Negeri 01 Pulau Rimau, Banyuasin. The data sources of this research were the principal, teachers and students of SD Negeri 01 Pulau Rimau. The method used qualitative and applied interviews, documentation and observation as instruments. The results showed that 1) BOS program planning was realized in the RAPBS; 2) the use of BOS funds has been carried out in accordance with the 2015 National Technical Guidelines used by schools; 3) accountability of BOS funds in the form of memorandum of purchase and maintenance of equipment as well as for payment of teacher honoraria at schools; 4) and the benefits and impacts of the BOS program for schools is that the learning process runs effectively by always improving the quality of facilities.
makalah narkoba
Authors: Pasaribu Jonathan Charis
Published: May 2020

jenis jenis narkoba yang di konsumsi masyarakat,dampak,dan pencegahannya
Proses dan Teknik Supervisi Pendidikan
Authors: Mutya Dian
Published: May 2020

The writing of this article aims to describe the process and techniques of educational supervision. In this article the author uses the method of literature review or literature study, namely by collecting literature (material materials) sourced from books, journals, and other sources related to knowledge about the process and techniques of educational supervision and then the authors conclude from all references obtained . Supervision is a process, namely a series of activities that are regular and regular and related to one another and directed towards a goal. Broadly speaking, the activities in the supervision process can be divided into four, namely: planning, implementation, evaluation, and follow-up. While educational supervision techniques are divided into individual techniques, group techniques, direct techniques, and indirect techniques. Keywords - educational supervision
Social Distancing as a Public Goods Dilemma: High Economic Cost Reduces Voluntary Compliance
Authors: Merkley Eric , Loewen Peter John
Published: May 2020

Participation in social distancing can be seen as a contribution to a public good that is influenced by 1) the marginal costs and benefits of those contributions and 2) expectations that other citizens will participate. We test our theory using an official government economic report on job loss as an exogenous, negative information shock. Using Canadian data, we show that this shock increased aggregate-level mobility and reduced self-reported social distancing among respondents surveyed throughout the pandemic (N=17,539), especially for younger respondents – a group that faces higher costs relative to benefits of compliance. We also conduct three survey experiments on nationally representative samples to unpack a possible mediating effect of expectations of others’ participation. Our results reinforce our principal findings, while also showing that 1) information on prospective economic cost reduces expectations of compliance by other citizens; and 2) expectations of compliance by others cause expectations of respondents’ own compliance.
Proses dan Teknik Supervisi
Authors: Surah Niken
Published: May 2020

Any education officials require a supervission or supervisor responsible in the emergent of an effective education.Supervision educators are of the tools to help the theachers do more effective work.various techniques can be done by supervisors in helping master raise the theaching.Neither the group nor reorbly nor by immediate face to face nor no face.In the attempt of increasing schools,principal as supervisors cas use various engineering or methods of education superbilities. Supervison can be done by many ways,purpose so that what is expected to be accomplished. This article created because every educational program requires supervisor and supervisors are responsible for the emergence of an education that is in accordance with what has been planned.
Considerations for comparing video-game AI agents with humans
Authors: Madan Christopher R
Published: May 2020

Video games are sometimes used as environments to evaluate AI agents' ability to develop and execute complex action sequences to maximize a defined reward. However, humans cannot match the fine precision of timed actions of AI agents--in games such as StarCraft, build orders take the place of chess opening gambits. However, unlike strategy games, such as chess and go, video games also rely heavily on sensorimotor precision. If the `finding' was merely that AI agents have superhuman reaction times and precision, none would be surprised. The goal is rather to look at adaptive reasoning and strategies produced by AI agents that may replicate human approaches or even result in strategies not previously produced by humans.Here I will provide: (1) an overview of observations where AI agents are perhaps not being fairly evaluated relative to humans, (2) a potential approach for making this comparison more appropriate, and (3) highlight some important recent advances in video-game play provided by AI agents.
Words have a weight: language as a source of inner grounding and flexibility in abstract concepts
Authors: Dove Guy , Barca Laura , Tummolini Luca , Borghi Anna M.
Published: May 2020

The role played by language in our cognitive lives is a topic at the centre of contemporary debates in cognitive (neuro)science. In this paper we illustrate and compare two theories that offer embodied explanations of this role: the WAT (Words As social Tools) and the LENS (Language is an Embodied Neuroenhancement and Scaffold) theories. WAT and LENS differ from other current proposals because they connect the impact of the neurologically realized language system on our cognition to the ways in which language shapes our interaction with the physical and social environment. Examining these theories together, their tenets and supporting evidence sharpens our understanding of each, but also contributes to a better understanding of the contribution that language might make to the acquisition, representation and use of abstractconcepts. Here we focus on how language provides a source of inner grounding, especially metacognition and inner speech, and supports the flexibility of our thought. Overall, the paper outlines a promising research program focused on the importance of language to abstract concepts within the context of a flexible, multimodal, and multilevel conception of embodied cognition.