bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ONLINE SERVICES FOR URBAN ENVIRONMENT MONITORING
Authors: Ivanov Alexander , Ivanova Maria
Published: December 2024

Urban meteorological parameters and traffic emissions are characterized by microterritorial variability. Online weather and traffic information is the basis for creating online services to provide users with information about the toxicological risk, noise effects and thermal stress risk. The purpose of this work is to assess the possibilities of online environmental modeling. The methodology includes special field studies to select model parameters, developing models for online calculations of noise levels, concentrations of pollutants from traffic flows and microterritorial changes in temperature and wind speed, as well as tools for providing processing and storage of information. As a result, it was found that the concentration of nitrogen and carbon oxides in the roadside zone reaches maximum permissible values, which corresponds to the modeling results. The noise level exceeds 70 dBA and also corresponds to the simulation results. The effective temperature mitigation inside closed-canopy green areas compared to open space is several Celsius degrees and provides protection from thermal stress in accordance with the proposed model. The result of the work is the development of a test version of three services, including calculation of the concentration of pollutants during traffic congestion; calculation of the noise level produced by intensive traffic flow and calculation of the effective temperature during thermal stress for the hottest summertime. It is during thickening of traffic flows that the highest concentrations of pollutants are observed and at this time the risks of toxicological and noise effects are significant. The research conditions correspond in time and space to the highest level of local environmental risk. To perform online calculations, in addition to the parameters obtained during field studies, real-time information about the weather and traffic flow speed is required. The online services can be used both for users to make immediate decisions and for city policies to reduce emissions risks and to create urban green islands of thermal safety with a closed canopy that protects during extreme heat
REMOTE SENSING, GEOPHYSICAL AND GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS IN THE BULGARIAN BLACK SEA SECTOR: REVIEW OF AVAILABLE DATA AND ADVANCEMENTS
Authors: Ivanov Martin
Published: December 2024

This study presents an review of the geophysical and geological data available for the Bulgarian Black Sea shelf, highlighting the methodologies employed for data storage and their effectiveness. Such data are crucial for understanding the shelf's historical dynamics and ongoing changes, serving as a foundation for various scientific investigations. Through an analysis of geological, morphological, geophysical, and geochronological data, we trace the evolution of the shelf's structure and movements, delineating its key characteristics and trends. The research, inquiries, and interpretations conducted over the years have yielded significant hypotheses and conclusions, setting the stage for future multidisciplinary studies. Technological advancements in data collection and processing have continually enhanced the depth, accuracy, and scope of the information gathered, underpinning the importance of these studies for the scientific community's efforts in diverse exploratory missions. This article details the data sourced from the Institute of Oceanology (BAS) and the Centre for Underwater Archaeology (CUA-Sozopol), emphasizing the use of primary geophysical techniques such as single and multibeam echo sounders, unmanned aerial vehicles, side-scan sonar, sub-bottom profilers, LIDAR, and localized electrical and magnetic surveys.
DROUGHT INDICES AND VIS-BASED CANOPY STATUS OF VINEYARDS
Authors: Tsitsagi Mariam , Palavandishvili Ana , Gulashvili Zaza
Published: December 2024

The study aims to evaluate how droughts impact irrigated and non-irrigated vineyards by analysing the relationship between short-term drought and vegetation indices to identify areas irrigated from unofficial sources. The re-search area includes vineyards in Telavi municipality (eastern Georgia). RStudio was used to calculate SPI and SPEI (1- month and 3-month timescales) and EDI (daily) to measure the severity of the meteorological drought. The 27-year (1993�2020) data from a weather station in the study area included daily temperature and precipitation. Water stress in crops using Sentinel 2-based NDVI and NDMI data from April 1 to August 31, 2020, was estimated in ArcMap 10.8. For accuracy assessment, data from the vineyard cadaster (2020) and Georgian amelioration were used. The study's findings indicate that based on the SPI and SPEI (1-month and 3-month) values, the growing season of 2020 experienced a near-normal (-1�1) condition. In June, there is a reported moderate drought (SPI_1=- 1.3, SPEI_1=-1.6), and in July, the 3-month data shows a value of -1.1 for SPEI_3. According to daily EDI measurements, the number of drought days is highest in June and early July. Because of the climatic conditions in the research area, irrigation is re- quired for the agricultural parcels. The Georgian irrigation system is the country's primary source of irrigation water. According to official sources, 589 hectares of vineyards out of a total of 6936 hectares receive irrigation. Examining the irrigated parcels' vegetation indices showed that, despite the dry days, the NDVI and NDMI values remained stable, while in some parcels, the values decreased significantly after the dry days. Identified areas include those that receive water from a variety of sources, as well as those that lack both official and unofficial irrigation sources. The findings indicated that 5.3% (337 ha) of vineyards lack an alternate water source, whereas 94.7% (6010 ha) receive water supply during periods of drought. Additional data analysis showed that the majority of such parcels are adjacent to rivers and provide water supplies on their own. The findings ensure that we can accurately evaluate irrigation patterns using drought and Sentinel-based vegetation indices.
INTEGRATION OF EROSION CONTROL MEASURES AND TECHNICAL MEASURES TO PROVIDE EFFECTIVE FLOOD RISK REDUCTION FOR SMALL WATERSHEDS
Authors: Paseka Stanislav
Published: December 2024

The article examines the effectiveness of measures to reduce flood risk in small watersheds in the Czech Republic. Currently, there is a search for integrated approaches that combine cost-effective erosion control measures (ECMs), in the form of organizational and agrotechnical changes, with more expensive technical measures (TMs) in the form of infiltration trenches and dry reservoirs. To achieve this goal, the critical drainage profile of a small village in the Olomouc region, at the interface between rural and urban areas, was studied.
The study utilized a combination of ECMs and TMs to reduce the flood risk. The results were evaluated using the DesQ-MaxQ hydrological model and the TRANSFORM_WAVE simulation model. The synergistic integration of inexpensive ECMs with more expensive TMs led to significant reductions in peak flows, confirming their key role in enhancing flood resilience. The study showed that the standalone use of a single type of measure may not be sufficient for provide flood protection.
The findings underscore the need for a comprehensive approach to address flood risk in various geographic and environmental conditions. In the future, it will be essential to consider the unique challenges and characteristics of individual locations and tailor strategies to each of their specific needs. It is also important to carefully consider the cost of TMs compared to cheaper ECMs. Such an approach can contribute to the development of sustainable and effective measures for flood protection.
PRIMARY STUDIES FOR THE PRESENCE OF OFFSHORE FRESHENED GROUNDWATER IN THE BULGARIAN BLACK SEA SHELF
Authors: Nitcheva Olga
Published: December 2024

The groundwaters draining in the continental shelf area can be an unconventional resource of fresh water for drinking, irrigation, and industrial purposes in water-scarce coastal areas. Recently, possible offshore sources of such groundwater in the coastal zone have been subject of increased investigation and description.
The aim of the present research is to identify similar, available for use, potential sources of Offshore Frehsened Groundwater (OFG) in the area of the shelf of the Northern part of the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. In the watershed of this region, which has the least rainfall in the country, there is almost no surface runoff, the rainfall mainly feeds the groundwater.
A hydrogeological analysis of the region was carried out to identify potential submarine sources of fresh groundwater.
40 years ago in that shelf area, on the basis of temperature and mineralization anomalies of the seafloor waters, continental Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD) zones were established. The present studies, based on the detection of anomalies in the distribution of bottom and surface sea water temperature in the area, were carried out to confirm the then established data on the availability of potential submarine sources of fresh water.
For this purpose, data from observation obtained by modern high-tech means were used. Sea Surface Temperature (SST) mapping and water contrast plume zones establishment was conducted for Northern Bulgaria by applying a high-resolution satellite product (GHRSST, CNR MED Sea Surface Temperature) from the NASA data-set.
The locations of mapped potential groundwater discharge determined by the present SST study are consistent with those previously estimated.
The study is the basis for further research, local sampling to assess the existence and magnitude of the Offshore Freshened Groundwater (OFG) and its potential utility.
DETECTION OF AGATE-LIKE SOIL COVER STRUCTURES USING NEURAL NETWORK FILTERING OF BIG REMOTE SENSING DATA
Authors: Koroleva Polina , Rukhovich Dmitry , Rukhovich Alexey , Chernousenko Galina
Published: December 2024

Agate-like soil cover structures (ASCS) of leached chernozems are common in some regions of Russia with a total area of 425 242 km2 (the republics of Tatarstan and Bashkortostan, Orenburg, Samara, and Ulyanovsk regions). The term �agate-like structures� was proposed due to the fact that on remote sensing data they resemble a section of the Timan agate. The structures are formed on loamy and clayey Quaternary sediments with a thickness of 0.5-5 m, overlying Permian sediments (bedrock). It is possible to identify the location of agate-like structures within the framework of the theory of multi-temporal soil line and neural network filtering of big remote sensing data. The distribution of different crop productivity spatially coincides with the ASCS and is determined by the contrasting properties of the soil cover. The degree of influence of ASCS varies for different crops. The maximum differences in yield across ASCS fertility zones were noted for sunflower. The ratio of the yield of the low fertility zone to the high fertility zone within one agricultural field was one to five. The minimum ratio was noted for peas and was four to five. ASCS require specialized agricultural technologies within the framework of precision farming systems.
NATURAL REGENERATION OF PINUS SYLVESTRIS L. FROM SEED TREES IN POOR MINERAL SOILS
Authors: Miezit Olga , Dubrovskis Edgars , Brizga Dace , Berzina Aija
Published: December 2024

In economic forests, the productivity of forest stands should be increased as much as possible, because the global demand for timber is growing every year. Planted forest trees can be realized using the advantages of selection, naturally regenerated - faster growth can be achieved by improving the growing conditions and limiting factors that reduce or delay the formation of growth. Data were collected in 6-year-old P.sylvestris forest stands Cladinoso-callunosa and Vacciniosa. The plots were established in an area of 17.2 ha (R=7.98 m; S=200 m2), each with a seed tree in the center. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of left seed trees and soil preparation in furrows on the natural regeneration of Pinus sylvestris in poor mineral soils Cladinoso-callunosa and Vacciniosa. Pine trees that reached a height of 10 cm were measured for height and annual growth, diameter at the root neck, and a specific location in the plot (in the furrow or in unprepared soil and under or outside the canopy of seed trees). The diameter, height, number of seed trees, as well as the importance of the effect of the crown of seed trees and soil preparation on the natural regeneration of pine were calculated The dendrometric indicators of seed trees were calculated, the significance of the influence of the crown of seed trees and soil preparation on the natural regeneration of pine was determined. It has been established that when restoring a forest stand from left seeds of seed trees, soil preparation is necessary for both Cladinoso-callunosa and Vacciniosa, because the number of trees in the furrows is significantly higher, as well as the annual and average growth of tree height both under the crown of the seed tree and outside it ( p less than0.05) than in untreated soil. Compared to under the crown of the seed trees, the annual height increases of the Scots pine are significantly lower, therefore the seed trees should be cut down sooner up to the age of 6 than in the current practice, so as not to interfere with natural regeneration.
TAXONOMIC AND ECOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF FREE-LIVING AND PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES IN POTATO FIELDS IN KHULO (AJARA, EASTERN GEORGIA)
Authors: Jgenti Lali , Tskitishvil Eka , Vadachkoria Tengiz
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of plant parasitic nematodes in the main potatoe growing area in Ajara and to show whether altitu-dinal gradient affects nematode diversity and community structure along three contrasting altitudinal localities of Ajara: Kobuleti (10 m.a.s.l), Shuakhevi (450 m.a.s.l) and Khulo (950 -1800 m.a.s.l). The first part of this study is to assess for the first time the taxonomic and ecological structure of plant parasitic and free-living nematodes in agroecosystems of Khulo in this territory. Fauna of soil nematodes was studied in three villages of Khulo municipality: Dekanashvilebi, Okhropilauri and Uchkho. Sampling was conducted in six sites in early spring, in middle summer and in late fall. The 3 composite soil samples collected from each field (weighing 300-500g) consist of 50 individual sub-samples of soil and roots. Nematodes were extracted by a modified Baermann�s method from a sample of 50 g, and exposition time was 48 h. The fauna consists of 109 forms of free-living and phytoparasitic nematodes, with up to species identified. The majority of the unidentified nematodes are in larval forms. 2 forms have been identified down to the family level. Registered nematodes belong to 8 orders and one suborder (Enoplida; Filipjev, 1929, Araeolaimida De Coninck & Schuurmans Stekhoven 1933, Dorylaimida; Pearse, 1942, Mononchida Jairajpuri, 1969, Rhabditida; Chitwood, 1933, Tylenchida Thorne, 1949; Aphelenchida; Siddiqi, 1980), encompassing 33 families and 53 genera. The largest abundance of nematodes was observed in the village Uchko, with 86 specimens/ 50 g soil, and the smallest was in the village Dekanashvili, with 37 specimens/50g. Plant-parasitic nematodes from 7 genera (Ditylenchus, Xiphynema Tylechus, Tylenchorhynchus, Helicotylenchus, Pratylenchus, Aphelenchus) were found in soil and (or) potato root samples. All these nematodes can be divided into five groups according to their feeding habits. The omnivore group, with 23 species (45,9%) in Spring, 38 species (34,2%) in Summer and 41 species (40,2%) in Autumn, constitut the core of nematode community. Investigations reveal that nematode populations and communities vary seasonally, with their maximum numbers observed during harvest. The number of identified phytoparasitic nematodes does not exceed a certain limit, which causes measurable economic damage. The obtained data are very significant for studying the biodiversity of the nematode population in Georgia.
ROLE OF UNACCOUNTED SOURCES OF TOTAL NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS IN THE NEVA BAY ANTHROPOGENIC EUTROPHICATION
Authors: Tretyakov Victor , Klubov Stepan , Dmitriev Vasiliy , Nikulina Anna
Published: December 2024

There is a worldwide ecological problem of anthropogenic eutrophication. The problem is especially serious one for the ecosystems of lakes, water-storage basins, and closed seas, such as the Baltic Sea. The eastern part of the sea is the Neva Bay. The water area is totally located within the administrative border of St. Petersburg and is influenced by the megacity. There is monitoring of the total nitrogen and phosphorus inflow into the Neva Bay with water of the Neva River and its spill streams. Nevertheless, there are watercourses entering the bay without points of monitoring. We presented the methodology for evaluation of the total nitrogen and substances outflow from the catchment areas without the monitoring points into the Neva Bay and the eastern part of the Finnish Gulf, and the evaluation results at the previous conferences SGEM2023 and SGEM Vienna GREEN 2023 �GREEN Science for GREEN Life�. However, there is the problem: �What is the unaccounted income influence on the bay ecosystem life?� If the influence is negligible, the authorities have not to organize monitoring points on the unaccounted watercourses. Otherwise, the authorities have to organize the monitoring points. The paper presents methodology for the problem solution by means of the ecosystem functioning computer simulation and some results of the numerical experiments. The influence significance is evaluated by modification of the Nash�Sutcliffe criterion.
ESTIMATION OF WAVE POWER AND RECENT DECADAL CHANGES IN BULGARIAN BLACK SEA NEARSHORE AREA
Authors: Valchev Nikolay
Published: December 2024

The study deals with estimation of theoretical wave power resources and their spatial variability in transitional waters along the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. It is based on wave climate data obtained by means of hindcast of wave conditions during 2013-2022. Numerical simulations were performed using the third-generation spectral wave model SWAN and the theoretical wave power was computed using the spectral output in terms of energy transport per unit of the wave crest length. Estimates for wave power means and maxima as well as for the total wave energy are presented for twenty locations along the study area. They assert the high spatial variability of wave power as well as its slight decrease compared to the previous decade. Results point out changes in wave energy potential compared to previous decade expressed in a minor decrease along almost the entire Bulgarian Black Sea nearshore area.
THERMOELECTRIC PERFORMANCE OF Na2B4O7-DOPED AND GRAPHENE-DISPERSED Bi2Sr2Co2Oy COMPOSITES
Authors: Zhghamadze Vakhtang , Margiani Nikoloz , Takeda Masatoshi , Kvartskhava Iamze , Mumladze Giorgi
Published: December 2024

Renewable energy technologies are becoming increasingly important with the world's growing energy needs and environmental deterioration. In this context, thermoelectric materials capable of converting waste heat directly into electric power are at the forefront of extensive studies. The layered cobaltites have great potential for use in thermoelectric generators due to their environmental friendliness, good thermal and chemical stability, and relatively low cost of raw materials. Improving the thermoelectric properties of cobaltites using appropriate dopants and additives can increase their application potential. In this paper, we studied the impact of Na2B4O7-doping and addition of graphene on the thermoelectric performance of Bi2Sr2Co2Oy cobaltite. Reference and Na2B4O7-doped Bi2Sr2Co2Oy composites embedded with 0.8 wt. % graphene were prepared by the solid-state reaction route. The phase evolution and microstructure of the final products were studied by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Temperature dependences of electrical resistivity, Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity were measured and values of power factor (PF) and figure of merit (ZT) were calculated. It was found that the doping with Na2B4O7 and graphene dispersion enhanced the PF and ZT values by about 83 % and 20 %, respectively, compared with the reference Bi2Sr2Co2Oy.
UTILIZATION OF ASH FROM THE COMBUSTION OF KUZNETSK AND EKIBASTUZ COALS
Authors: Delitsyn Leonid , Sulman Mikhail , Kulumbegov Ruslan , Popel Oleg , Sidorov Alexander
Published: December 2024

One of the promising areas of utilization of solid technogenic waste from energy generation is their processing to produce alumina, the production of which is accompanied by the formation of by-products that can be used to produce belite sludge (2CaO�SiO2). The basic schemes of purification of the initial ash from carbon and iron oxides are proposed. Using the example of ash from coal burning in the Ekibastuz basin, the possibility of obtaining two grades of belite sludge is shown. Up to 1.5-1.8 tons of belite sludge can be obtained per ton of recycled ash (depending on its quality), which can be used in cement production. The article presents the results of experimental studies aimed at developing a technology for producing belite sludge from high-alumina ash from coal-fired power plants. The influence of various technological parameters on the process of obtaining the target product has been studied. A solution of sodium silicate with the extraction of 28% silica into it was obtained by the method of alkaline desilination of ash. The possibility of obtaining a white, high-quality belite sludge suitable for the production of white cement by treating a solution of sodium silicate with calcium oxide is shown. At the second stage, during the processing of alumina concentrate, gray belite sludge was obtained suitable for use in the construction industry
AGRICULTURE AS A DRIVER FOR CLIMATE CHANGE
Authors: Dumitrescu Carmen Simona , Stanciu Sorin Mihai , Pascalau Raul , Salasan Cosmin
Published: December 2024

If a few years ago climate change was a new and fanciful concept and not everyone was aware of its entire action range, today we are witnessing increasingly pronounced climate change. At the European Union level are many political initiatives in order to mitigate the climate change so the next generations to have the same changes to a good environment. All the efforts must be put into shifting the development to a more sustainable one. There are different drivers that interfere with the climate. Among energy, transport, industrial processes, waste, land use, we also find agriculture as a driver for climate change. In agriculture the livestock, the utilized agricultural area, the type of farms depending on the input level, the consumption of inorganic fertilizers influences the climate, either through green gas emissions, water and air pollution, desertification etc. So, we could say that there are many aspects of agriculture that influence climate change. In the work, a brief screening of the aspects of agriculture that have a negative impact on the environment at the level of the European Union was carried out.
BIOMONITORING OF HEAVY METALS IN THE CITY OF JELGAVA, LATVIA USING LICHEN, XANTHORIA PARIETINA
Authors: Pilecka-Ulcugaceva Jovita , Bakute Anda , Purmalis Oskars , Siltumens Kristaps , Grinfelde Inga
Published: December 2024

In urban environments, human health is increasingly affected by air quality, particularly air pollution with particulate matter (PM), which contains various toxic chemical elements. Car traffic is one of the main sources of air pollution in urban areas, which not only raises dust from roadways but also emits micro particles from diesel engines and tire wear containing heavy metals. The aim of the study is to evaluate the ability of the lichen species Xanthoria parietina, commonly found in Latvia, to biomonitor and bioaccumulate various heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, V), and to use this lichen to determine the risk pollution zones in the city of Jelgava. In this study, the epiphytic lichen Xanthoria parietina was used as an air pollution biomonitor to assess long-term air pollution in Jelgava. Lichen samples of Xanthoria parietina were collected on February 14, 2017. In total, 60 samples were collected from 20 monitoring points, and 3 samples from one monitoring point outside the city center of Jelgava, approximately 7 km away. The lichen samples were analyzed using ICP-OES.
Analyzing the results, five pollution groups could be identified - the first group reflected parks, while the remaining groups indicated the influence of car traffic with various metal footprints. The average element content in the samples, in descending order, was Mn>Zn>Cu>Pb>Cr>V>Ni>As>Cd. Our results indicate that heavy metals come from vehicles and fossil fuel combustion processes, such as As (0.4 ?g/l � 1.9 ?g/l), Cr (2.1 ?g/l � 13.8 ?g/l), Cu (5.7 ?g/l � 40.2 ?g/l), Ni (1.1 ?g/l � 6.8 ?g/l) and V (0.9 ?g/l � 10.0 ?g/l).
OPERATION CHARACTERISTICS OF A SMART MINI HYBRID HEAT PUMP USED FOR THE ENERGY ACCUMULATION
Authors: Caja Alexander , Kantova Nikola Cajova , Malcho Milan , Nemec Patrik
Published: December 2024

Heat pumps are important due to their efficiency and a target of climate neutrality. They also reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide. This article deals with the smart mini hybrid heat pump, which is planned to use for heat gain in summer, energy accumulation in the ground storage, and further consumption in winter. This heat pump can get heat from the surroundings or solar collectors. Heat pump water-water has been used in this article. Its input and output parameters were measured, a coefficient of performance (COP) was calculated and also a regression model was created based on the detected operation parameters. The main parameter affecting the operation characteristics of the used heat pump was the temperature of the energy source. The smart mini hybrid heat pump was tested at different temperatures of the heat source. The most suitable source temperature for this heat pump was around 14C with the recorded the highest COP value of 6.71. Based on the results, the smart mini hybrid heat pump can be used to accumulate heat into the accumulation layer and its subsequent removal for heating purposes. When using a combination with thermal solar panels, it is possible to replace the heat pump with a circulation pump in the summer mode. In the winter, it is possible to use photovoltaic panels to produce electricity that would drive the heat pump, which would have a positive effect on the overall energy and emission balance of facilities depending on the location of the building.
SOLUTIONS FOR REDUCING THE AIR POLLUTION GENERATED BY VEHICLE
Authors: Gingarasu Mihai , Mereuta Elena , Amortila Valentin , Balasoiu George
Published: December 2024

Reducing air pollution is a major objective of road transport, the most important consequence of this reduction being the decrease in the number of illnesses and, implicitly, a better quality of human life. To achieve this goal, researchers� efforts have been directed towards reducing the quantities and treating the exhaust gases of vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines. It is important to note that the reduction of environmental pollution must also aim at decreasing the emissions of particles that are not generated by the operation of internal combustion engines. The work aims to reduce the pollution generated by the malfunctioning of the steering systems of motor vehicles. Failures of this type cause additional friction between the tires and the roadway, generating additional amounts of NEE particles. The experiments focused on the detection of these faults during driving, using a Dacia Renault vehicle, a Samsung Galaxy brand mobile phone, type A71, with an accelerometer and iNVH-Bosch software for data processing. The analysis of the results revealed that the symptoms of failure of the steering systems, abnormal shocks and vibrations, can be detected while driving, inside the passenger compartment. The paper highlights the possibility of development of an electronic control system, with a software for vibration analysis, in order to implement a predictive maintenance system. The advantages of equipping vehicles with a system of this type are the early detection of faults and the reduction of environmental pollution.
THE PREDICTION AND OPTIMIZATION OF ALTERNATIVE FUEL CONSUMPTION IN VEHICLES USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS WITH THE AIM OF REDUCING ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION
Authors: Amortila Valentin , Mereuta Elena , Veresiu Silvia , Rus Madalina , George Balasoi
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this work is to explore the potential for predicting and improving the fuel efficiency of vehicles with thermal engines, especially in the context of reducing exhaust gas emissions that contribute to environmental pollution. With rising fuel costs, consumers need to make informed decisions about the fuel consumption and environmental impact of purchasing vehicles with internal combustion engines. To achieve this goal, the researchers utilized artificial intelligence and created a model using neural networks, drawing on data from vehicle manufacturers that incorporated various factors such as engine power, maximum torque, vehicle weight, engine cylinder volume, and the number of cylinders. The aim of this approach was to optimize fuel consumption for such vehicles. The study involved predicting and optimizing fuel consumption through the selection and fine-tuning of neural network architecture based on the data being analyzed. This included establishing the connections between input and output data, training the network to minimize errors, and validating the model to ensure high generalization. Various neural networks with 1, 2, or 3 layers were examined, taking into account the number of learning cycles, the sensitivity of input data, and the overall importance of each factor in order to minimize prediction errors. The findings of the study indicate that the construction parameters of vehicles significantly impact both fuel consumption and environmental pollution. The application of this fuel consumption prediction and optimization method could lead to the increased use of thermal engine vehicles that are chosen based on practical utility and transportation needs, while also helping to reduce pollution.
BEST AVAILABLE TECHNIQUES: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY
Authors: Guseva Tatiana , Panova Svetlana , Molchanova Yana , Sergienko Olga , Bhimani Chirag
Published: December 2024

The article considers challenges and opportunities of Best Available Techniques (BAT) in the food industry, analysing cases of intensive poultry rearing and milk production. Authors emphasise that the food industry is one of the primary sectors of the world economy. According to The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, by 2050, a 70% increase in world production will be required to meet the needs of the planets expected 10 billion population. The authors discuss the potential for further development of the sector applying BAT principles, including approaches to reduce energy, water consumption, and enhancing the environmental performance of food production processes. The article compares BAT-associated resource consumption and emission levels in the European Union (EU), Russia and India. The article emphases that there is a room for significant improvement of energy and water management practices in the sectors, both in Russia and India. Techniques to be considered for the practical implementation are described in the European vertical (sectoral) and horizontal Reference Documents on BAT (BREF) as well as in the new Russian BREF on Energy Efficiency. Authors note that wastewater from milk industries and even poultry farms is often treated by Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants (MWWTP), and recommend application of both techniques and BAT-associated emission levels stated in the Russian Reference Document on BAT for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants in the developing countries.
EFFECT OF NANOFIBRES RELEASED AS RESPIRATOR WASTE ON VIBRIO FISCHERI
Authors: Slany Jan , Roupcova Petra , Holzel Jaroslav , Klouda Karel , Pavlovsky Jiri
Published: December 2024

In recent years, there has been an exponential increase in the production and use of nanotextiles in the form of respirators and face masks due to the Covid-19 situation that has occurred worldwide. From 2023 onwards, the rate of use of this protective equipment is already decreasing again but respirators are still widely used in many countries as a preventive measure against the spread of respiratory diseases. One of the drawbacks of using respirators as respiratory protection was that they were not managed appropriately in terms of production, processing, use and waste management, which lead to environmental pollution. The aim of this paper is to carry out ecotoxicological tests according to current European standards (ISO 11348-3:2007 Water quality � Determination of the inhibitory effect of water samples on the light emission of Vibrio Fischeri (Luminiscent bacteria test) and Czech legislation (Law No. 541/2020 Coll., Waste Act and Decree No. 8/2021 Coll., Waste Catalogue). The first part of the article describes polyvinyldene fluoride (PVDF), which is the base material for the manufacture of tested materials (PP-PVDF-PP, PP-PVDF and Nanovia mask) and also explains why the Vibrio Fischeri bacteria have been chosen to perform the tests. The second part of the paper focuses on the description and results of the experiments carried out, which showed that the fibres released in the aquatic environment do indeed have a toxic effect on the test organisms, as EC50 can be determined for all tested materials since in all cases an inhibition of at least 50 % was achieved.
THE FORMATION OF TWO-TIERED ANTHROPOGENIC LANDSCAPES AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY OF THE KRYVI RIH LANDSCAPE TECHNICAL SYSTEM
Authors: Koptieva Tetiana , Levchenko Iryna
Published: December 2024

The mining industry of Ukraine plays an important role in the industrial sector, as the country has significant resources of natural raw materials, which contributes to the development of mining. However, this industry causes serious environmental and social consequences. The long-term operation of mining enterprises in Ukrainian regions causes serious pollution of the atmosphere, soil and water resources, as well as the destruction of the natural landscape. This leads to the degradation of natural resources and deterioration of the quality of life of local residents. The article analyzes the impact of mining and residential landscapes using as example the Kryvyi Rih landscape-technical system. Essential attention is paid to landscapes, which are key in the formation of this system. The impact of technogenesis on these landscapes was studied and the two-tiered nature of mining and residential landscapes was revealed. It was established that this process led to the transformation of natural landscapes into anthropogenic ones, as well as to the formation of surface and underground layers that determine the structure of the Kryvyi Rih landscape-technical system. This work indicates the need to improve the methods of determining the environmental risk of mining activities and emphasizes the importance of preserving natural resources and the health of local communities in the context of the development of the mining industry in Ukraine.
THE INFLUENCE OF CITRUS X CLEMENTINE LEAVES EXTRACT ON THE CORROSION OF CARBON STEEL
Authors: Romania Ioana-Alina , Vaireanu Danut-Ionel , Mic Oana Camelia
Published: December 2024

Carbon steel is one of the most common alloys employed in a multitude of industries. However, it has low corrosion resistance and some methods were used in order to enhance the anticorrosion properties, such as modifying the composition of the steel by further alloying, deposition of protective layers on the substrate or modifying the aggressive media by adding corrosion inhibitors.
This paper presents the results of adding an environmental friendly extract (Citrus x clementine) in the aggressive media on the corrosion of steel. Methods such as open circuit potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and polarisation for corrosion (Tafel) were employed in order to determine the influence of the Citrus x clementine leaves extract on the corrosion rate of steel in 3.5%NaCl. The results presented in this paper provide useful information on the stability of carbon steel in the modified aggressive media and on the polarisation resistance and corrosion rate of carbon steel in 3.5% NaCl, and in 3.5% NaCl modified with Citrus x clementine extract in concentrations from 50?L - 600?L.
THE INFLUENCE OF SELECTED NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES ON THE ABILITY OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION - REVIEW
Authors: Rozensky Ladislav , Vrba Zdenek , Lipa Jan
Published: December 2024

Humanity is currently facing a number of global problems, such as global warming, air pollution, water pollution, deforestation, desertification or land degradation, which are apparently connected to the consequences of negative human activity. One of the possible and effective institutional tools for environmental protection is the environmental education of the general population. It is a relatively well-known and used environmental protection policy tool that governments of all developed countries have in their instrument mix. This qualitative analysis assigned itself the task of investigating whether the ability of environmental education can be affected by certain neuropsychological diseases in addition to thinking about the psychology of environmental education at large. In order to fulfill this main task, the authors asked themselves the following research questions: 1st - Is pedagogical psychology identical and also applicable in the case of environmental education? And 2nd - What effect do some neuropsychological disorders have on the ability of environmental education? Based on the study, analysis, selection and comparison of current professional scientific works obtained from the research activities of current researches on this topic, it is possible to accept the premise that the psychology of environmental education is basically the same as the general psychology of education and that neuropsychological diseases do indeed affect the ability of environmental education similarly to scholarly education.
ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL GOALS OF THE MUNICIPAL COMPANY
Authors: Ameir Omar , Zyder Vaclav , Hubacek Jaroslav
Published: December 2024

Economic and ecological goals of urban society. These goals are important for the fulfillment of all legislative and ecological requirements on the part of the Czech Republic, but also on the part of the European Union or the European Commission. This article is being prepared for the relevant project called CEVYKO. of this article will be a description of the economic and environmental goals that the project is to use in the future. The CEVYKO project is a purely municipal task and the goal is to build a modern technological facility for waste processing. Incorporating all of the company's goals into this is undoubtedly a great effort for the authors, respectively the company's shareholders. for public administration. The article will be divided into two parts. The first part of the publication will be the theoretical basis of the publication, and the second part, i.e. the practical part, will be evaluated and goals will be proposed. And goals both from an economic point of view and from an environmental point of view. The article will bring new knowledge and can be an inspiration for other similar projects. The authors of the article will further develop this idea in other publications
ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF NATURAL MANAGEMENT RELATED TO AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN AUTONOMOUS REPUBLIC OF AJARA
Authors: Putkaradze Merab , Abuselidze George , Lominadze Shota , Jashi Darejan
Published: December 2024

Solving the problem of supply the population with food products during the boom period of global demographic directly depends on agriculture and the least essentially depends on land resources and environment. Coming out of it, finding out the natural management topics of agricultural development is especially urgent in Autonomous Republic of Ajara, which is one of the regions of Georgia with land scarcity, where in line with establishment of land`s private property and market economy, due to irrational natural management � a serious ecological problems are shaped in agricultural field. By application of traditional and modern study methods, geographic originalities of quantitative and qualitative properties of the land resources are evaluated. There are determined a field structure of agriculture, indicators of manufacture, natural management topics of agricultural development and related ecological problems. As a result of a study, main trends of agricultural production are defined by taking into account the basic principles of rational natural management, requirements of internal and external markets and environment`s ecological sustainability.
FEATURES OF ACCOUNTING FOR LAND IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Katsarski Nikolay
Published: December 2024

In today's globalized society, it is becoming more and more necessary to include sustainable development ideas in accounting methods. The main concepts of land accounting within the context of sustainable development are covered in detail in this abstract. Sustainable development requires an accounting methodology that goes beyond typical financial measurements since it is defined by the balance of economic, social, and environmental components. We examine how social responsibility, resource efficiency, carbon footprint calculations, environmental impact assessments, and resource efficiency are all taken into account when accounting for land in the framework of sustainable development. Accounting helps to foster responsibility, openness, and well-informed choices when it comes to managing and investing in real estate. In addition, it draws attention to new developments in sustainable land accounting, such as the implementation of global frameworks and standards like the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) and the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). The significance of incorporating sustainability principles into land accounting practices to address the issues of climate change, resource depletion, and social equity. By doing so, it will help to advance sustainable.
MECHANISMS OF PUBLIC MARKETING IN THE SYSTEM OF POST-WAR SOCIO-ECONOMIC RECOVERY OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES
Authors: Uhodnikova Olena , Oleksenko Roman , Pokolodna Mariia , Yurynets Oksana , Viatkin Kostiantyn
Published: December 2024

After war conflicts or crisis situations, the recovery of territorial communities becomes the most important task for ensuring stability and development. However, effective recovery requires not only material but also informational and communication efforts aimed at forming a positive image and attracting investment. Ukraine has suffered significant damage as a result of the full-scale military aggression, so there is a great need for the implementation of public administration mechanisms to attract investment for the reconstruction of territories. Problem statement: the problem is that the lack of a systematic approach to using public marketing mechanisms in the system of post-war socio-economic recovery of territorial communities will hinder the achievement of effective results. Research aim: the aim of this research is to analyze and systematize public marketing mechanisms in the context of the recovery of territorial communities after the war, in order to determine their role and importance in shaping a positive image and attracting the necessary resources. Research object and subject: the object of the research is the system of post-war socio-economic recovery of territorial communities, and the subject is the public marketing mechanisms used to achieve this goal. Research methods: the research is based on the analysis of domestic and foreign research in the field of public marketing, as well as on the author's own experience of participation in scientific conferences and publications on this topic. Analytical methods, study of practical cases of application of marketing strategies in the context of the recovery of territorial communities, statistical methods and correlation analysis were used. Research results: an analysis of the world experience of post-war reconstruction was carried out and the differences between the situation in Ukraine and similar processes in Europe were determined. The advantages and disadvantages of economic system management models were investigated and a grouping of KPI factors was carried out. Conclusions and recommendations: public marketing mechanisms are an important tool in the system of post-war recovery of territorial communities. It is recommended to implement individual marketing strategies, taking into account the specifics of each community, in order to ensure stable and effective development.
OPPORTUNITIES FOR INTRODUCING INNOVATIVE PRECISION FARMING METHODS IN ORGANIC FARMING IN LATVIA
Authors: Libkovska Una , Rozenberga Krista , Rivza Baiba
Published: December 2024

Modern agriculture, or precision agriculture, is a method that enables better, more efficient and smarter farming, ensuring sustainable development. Precision agriculture can combine data obtained from GPS systems with data from aerial photographs to precisely determine soil needs based on this data. Combining this with precise weather forecasts and location determination systems provides a powerful tool for more efficient agriculture. New technologies have already created a niche in agriculture. By combining detailed knowledge of the fields with automated systems, farm management becomes increasingly simple and efficient. The purpose of this paper is to provide information on research that investigated and analysed the possibilities of introducing innovative precision farming methods in organic farming enterprises in Latvia. The article summarizes data from the research phase, where organic farming enterprises in the northwestern coastal regions of the country were analyzed. The research methodology includes theoretical concepts of influencing factors and framework structure. The study includes data from expert interviews and a questionnaire survey and analyses the possibilities of developing organic farming enterprises by adopting precision farming methods. Using a case study method, a selection of organic farming enterprises was identified where the effectiveness of implemented precision farming techniques such as GPS, soil analysis, aggregate sensors and a uniform survey programme were analysed and compared. The data will be used in the next stages of the research to compare the possibilities and effectiveness of implementing precision agriculture methods in organic farming in other regions of the country.