bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modern Market Customer Loyalty: Advertising Promotion Strategies
Authors: Budianto Apri , Bastaman Irma Damayanti , Fauziyah Aulia
Published: December 2019

This study is focused on the relationship between advertising promotion strategies and customer loyalty in the modern market. This study seeks to explain the advertising promotion strategy if successfully carried out by the modern market, with the hope of creating loyal customers. This research was conducted on modern market customers in Ciamis. Ciamis is one of the regions in Indonesia, which is the same as other regions there are several modern markets with a variety of character of its customers. The study is based on the statements of several experts, which explain the customer relationship with various retail business promotion strategies. The model used in this study as an analysis tool is simple regression to illustrate how the relationship between advertising promotion strategies and customer loyalty. The results obtained are that there is an influence of advertising promotion strategies on customer loyalty, with the magnitude of influence is 27.5%, while as many as 22.5% are influenced by other factors not examined in this study
The Spatial Production of Public Parks and Counter-Public Non-Parks in Taipei
Authors: Kang Min Jay
Published: December 2019

This research differentiates counter-public non-parks from public parks to look into the spatial politics and social processes behind the productions of urban parks and open green in the city of Taipei. The colonial modernity ushered in the concept of public parks in Taiwan, though under the authoritarian ruling the meaning of publicness was problematic and the discourse of public sphere underdeveloped. The democratization of Taiwan activated the grassroots engagement in politics and further nurtured the bottom-up mechanism of counter-publics in conservation movement and in claiming their right to the city. The paradigm of counter-public non-park defied the general definition and use patterns of public parks, and advocated a more socially inclusive and culturally diverse program for the alternative public green. It also motivated the transformation of settlement-into-park to settlement-park and responded to the call for dynamic urban conservation.
The Transformation of Open Urban Space and Increasing Building Density in Hong Kong since the 1970s
Authors: Shi Wei , Jia Beisi , Wee H. Koon
Published: December 2019

The narrow concept of open space (OS) present in land-use statutes cannot cover all new kinds of open urban space (OUS), however they must take responsibility for various open spaces in real-life cities, especially in contemporary high-density built environments. Open urban spaces are inserted into buildings or their accessibility is controlled by gated systems. A systematic and comprehensive approach to studying and evaluating the way in which OUS is changing is still lacking — especially from an architectural perspective. We put forward the Level-Type (L-T) framework to analyse the OUS system in central area of the Wan Chai and Yau Tsim Mong Districts, according to an expanded concept of OUS. In this paper, we illustrate the empirical studies from the first level of our research, to demonstrate how to use the new approach to evaluate the impacts of increasing density in the pattern of OUS. This study is fundamentally a qualitative study, however some data analyses act as auxiliary references to interpret changes observed in spatial planes and models. Following a three-step comparison of the changes in spatial forms and relevant data available since 1975, we found that all types of OUS are influenced — to different extents — by increasing trends and the speed at which they occur. Four kinds of relationships between increasing density and the transformation observed in the pattern of OUS are revealed. Moreover, with exception to the fourth kind of relationship — in which the changes observed in OUS are hardly a result of increasing density or the rate at which it occurred — we extract three main characteristics of OUS transformation from the remaining three kinds of relationships, which increase in density respectively. Furthermore, these characteristics of transformation can also explain the current recognition conflicts surrounding OUS from different perspectives and scales. This study method and resultant findings could prove very useful for managing and analysing the OUS system in high-density cities.
Public Space, Tourism and Mobility. Projects, Impacts and Tensions in Lisbon’s Urban Regeneration Dynamics
Authors: Santos João Rafael
Published: December 2019

In the wake of severe economic slowdown during the 2008-2015 crisis, and despite continued constraints on public investment in large scale infrastructure, Lisbon is emerging as one of the most attractive destinations in Europe. Tourism has been driving major spatial, functional and social changes, initially in the city’s historical districts, and nowadays exerts impact across a much larger urban and regional area. Tourism, together with new drivers of the real-estate market, is promoting the renovation of formerly vacant or rundown built stock, taking advantage of a rather fragile socio-economic milieu and changing the face of residential, commercial and public space landscapes.
Recently upgraded transportation nodes and extensive improvements on public space have also played a meaningful role in this process. Central government and municipality rationale have underpinned its role in providing accessibility, “attractivity”, and “heritage valorisation”, aiming to attract young residents after decades of resident population decline. In contrast to considerable public investment in public space and infrastructure, very limited funding or policy has been targeted at maintaining an affordable housing and real-estate market: thus leaving much of the public investment return to the private sector. Criticism of gentrification and “touristification”, rising housing prices, and pressure on infrastructure is growing accordingly.
The paper provides insight into aspects of this process, with a focus on the relational aspects of mobility upgrade, public space renewal and inner-city urban regeneration. Several urban projects are mapped and broadly characterised in their spatial and functional relationship with tourism. An interpretative framework that combines them with the forms of territorialisation and the main conflicts and tensions is offered as a contribution to the ongoing discussion. Conclusions point to the complex and powerful role that public space and mobility infrastructure play in the impact of territorialising tourism: as supports for better qualified, multi-scalar and shared urban spaces and as drivers of a more balanced, diverse and socially-inclusive urban tourism development.
Live-work Tactics in the Suburban House and their Effects on Public Spaces in the Peripheral Neighbourhoods of Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Slade Ana , Lassance Guilherme
Published: December 2019

Housing production in Brazil continues, for the most part, to be tied to the mono-functional paradigm. Social housing developments, gated communities and new neighbourhoods are conceived according to modern, functional zoning logic. However, in reality, the Brazilian way of life subverts this logic where its expression produces urban spaces that don’t correspond to what is originally planned or imposed by regulation.
This paper presents the outcomes of an investigation conducted on suburban houses in Rio de Janeiro, which have been informally transformed to accommodate multiple activities ranging from living areas to workspaces. Vast areas of lots generally occupied by single-family houses characterise the low-income suburbs of Rio. In these areas, the pressing need families face to increase their income, a need associated with the general lack of infrastructure — including local commerce and facilities — fosters the development of informal economies, which in turn transforms the built environment and effecting the public space. A fragment of one of these peripheral neighbourhoods is analysed in this paper through the mapping of commercial and professional activities that take place in single-family houses. The urban environment of streets in which these kinds of activities are taking place is compared with neighbouring streets in which no such activities are apparent.
The investigation consists of a consideration of the social and spatial effects of informal practices occurring within the formal city. The suburban houses are analysed as privileged spaces in which the local way of life can be observed and acknowledged as being intrinsic to a specific social and economic reality. Both spatial and building solutions are thereby recognised as valuable lessons which urge practitioners to consider alternatives to the way in which housing projects and city planning have been previously defined.
A Cultural Governance Coalition in Regeneration. A Case Study of Historical Quanzhou City
Authors: Cai Shuxiang
Published: December 2019

Compared with the gradual and long exploration processes typical of European and American countries, China experienced a period marked by extremely high-speed modernisation and urbanisation, following the Land Reform. This is exemplified by a great number of urban reconstruction projects which have changed the traditional fabric of most cities. Yet, following the trend of cultural consumption since the late 1990s, numerous integrated restoration projects for historic districts were implemented to promote tourism as a promising industry to sustain economic growth. As a consequence of growth-oriented urban entrepreneurship, public spaces in these historic urban areas have also been perceptibly privatised. To a large extent, the capital and the authority of the local government directs the future prospect of the historic urban landscape in Chinese cities.
On the other hand, development-oriented urban construction stimulates a rise in awareness of the need for protection strategies to conserve historic urban fabric. On a global scale, the public sector has begun to introspect on urban governance under the spirit of entrepreneurship. The urban renewal has now been extended to urban regeneration and the previous public-private partnership has been substituted with a multi-sectoral cooperative model. In recent years, the Chinese central government has proposed the core concept of “Seeing people, Seeing things, Seeing life”, which is re-orientated towards historic-city regeneration as a way of promoting “Micro-renewal and Micro-disturbance”. Among such activities, the use of exhibitions as a strategy for simultaneous spatial transformation and activation has gradually formed a common path, encouraging many cities to regenerate historic urban areas. This article is based on on this reorientation, taking Quanzhou as an example, making a critical observation on the new form of public space it has produced, and digs into the operational mechanism behind it as well as the possibility for publicness.
Community Resilience and Placemaking through Translocal Networking. Learning from Thailand and the Philippines
Authors: Ley Astrid
Published: December 2019

Research on community resilience has historically focused strongly on the local features of communities which in support of and display resilient behaviour in times of stress and in the face of a range of shocks. However, the argument presented in this paper is that both prior organisation — often within the realm of public space belonging to a community — and connectivity beyond the locality which reaches the international level, need to be taken into consideration as significant aspects of community resilience. Last but not least, organisation across spatial levels provides a new understanding of the role of public space. For instance, organised communities in Asia facilitate remedial responses to multiple risks that their local environment poses such as poor living conditions, neglected public spaces and the threat posed by natural or climate-change related disasters. These communities are self-organised and rooted locally which aids in creating alliances and supporting recovery actions led by the local authorities: all of which serve to lessen the gravity of these challenges. Public space often provides the opportunity for prior organisation. These collective actions are simultaneously place-based and embedded in transnational networks such as ‘Shack/Slum Dwellers International’ (SDI) or the ‘Asian Coalition for Housing Rights’ (ACHR). This account does not aspire to justify a shift of responsibilities from the state to collective actors. Instead, it seeks to contribute to an emerging analytical framework on translocal social resilience.
Simulation, Control and Desire. Urban Commons and Semi-Public Space Resilience in the Age of Augmented Transductive Territorial Production
Authors: Manfredini Manfredo
Published: December 2019

Considering place-based participation a crucial factor for the development of sustainable and resilient cities in the post-digital turn age, this paper addresses the socio-spatial implications of the recent transformation of relationality networks. To understand the drivers of spatial claims emerged in conditions of digitally augmented spectacle and simulation, it focuses on changes occurring in key nodes of central urban public and semi-public spaces of rapidly developing cities. Firstly, it proposes a theoretical framework for the analysis of problems related to socio-spatial fragmentation, polarisation and segregation of urban commons subject to external control. Secondly, it discusses opportunities and criticalities emerging from a representational paradox depending on the ambivalence in the play of desire found in digitally augmented semi-public spaces. The discussion is structured to shed light on specific socio-spatial relational practices that counteract the dissipation of the “common worlds” caused by sustained processes of urban gentrification and homogenisation. The theoretical framework is developed from a comparative critical urbanism approach inspired by the right to the city and the right to difference, and elaborates on the discourse on sustainable development that informs the United Nations’ New Urban Agenda. The analysis focuses on how digitally augmented geographies reintroduce practices of participation and commoning that reassemble fragmented relational infrastructures and recombine translocal social, cultural and material elements. Empirical studies on the production of advanced simulative and transductive spatialities in places of enhanced consumption found in Auckland, New Zealand, ground the discussion. These provide evidence of the extent to which the agency of the augmented territorialisation forces reconstitutes inclusive and participatory systems of relationality. The concluding notes, speculating on the emancipatory potential found in these social laboratories, are a call for a radical redefinition of the approach to the problem of the urban commons. Such a change would improve the capacity of urbanism disciplines to adequately engage with the digital turn and efficaciously contribute to a maximally different spatial production that enhances and strengthens democracy and pluralism in the public sphere.
Properties of soils in the marginal upland of Sta. Rita, Samar, Philippines
Authors: Oraiz Kenneth , Asio Victor
Published: December 2019

The widespread occurrence of marginal uplands is a serious agricultural and
ecological problem in the Philippines. The study evaluated the morphological and
physico-chemical properties of soils in the marginal upland of Sta. Rita, Samar.
Three soil profiles located at different physiographic positions were examined and
sampled. Findings revealed that the marginal upland soils were derived from
mudstone. They were characterized by an Ap-Bt-BC horizon sequence and they
were clayey with moderate to high porosity and water holding capacity values. The
soils were friable in their surface horizons when moist, but plastic and sticky when
wet. The soils had pH(water) values ranging from 5.20 to 6.86, indicating that soil
acidity was not yet a serious problem in these soils. The soils had moderate soil
organic matter contents in their surface horizons but low amounts in subsurface
horizons. Total N and available P of the soils were low and a problem for crop
production. However, the soils had moderate to high exchangeable bases and
cation exchange capacity values. In terms of degree of soil development, the
marginal upland soils was observed to be mature as reflected by their horizonation,
particularly by the presence of an argillic horizon (B horizon with high clay
accumulation). But they still had high base saturation, suggesting that they were not
yet highly leached and thus, were classified as Typic Hapludalfs or Haplic Luvisols.
Rainforestation farming to rehabilitate marginal uplands: history of its development
Authors: Asio Victor
Published: December 2019

Rainforestation Farming is a concept of rehabilitating degraded lands or restoring forests using native tree species. It was developed by Josef Margraf and Paciencia P. Milan of the Applied Tropical Ecology Project (Philippine-German Environmental Research Program), carried out by the Visayas State College of Agriculture (VISCA) and funded by the German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ) from 1989 to 1999. In 2004, Rainforestation Farming was adopted as a national strategy by the Philippine Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). After about 27 years, the concept has received wide acceptance by government and non-government organizations as well as the scientific community. The Institute of Tropical Ecology and Environmental Management (ITEEM), established in 1999, has been tasked to spearhead the promotion and dissemination of the concept to different parts of the country
Evaluation of different cropping systems for marginal uplands in Barangay Caticugan, Sta. Rita, Samar
Authors: Cagasan Ulysses , Alcober Ed Allan , Gerona Mark Gil , Prado Gretchen Mae
Published: December 2019

To help improve the lives of upland farmers in Barangay Caticugan, Sta. Rita, Samar, there is a need to find ways to increase crop yield and income. This study aimed to determine cropping systems that improve crop productivity, increase income and promote cropping systems technology to upland farmers in Barangay Caticugan, Sta Rita, Samar. The experimental units were arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The cropping systems tested were monocropping on corn, peanut and mungbean and intercropping corn + peanut and corn + mungbean. This paper considered only the data for one cropping planted during dryseason.
The growth and yield characteristics of all crops under study were not significantly (p<0.05) affected bythe cropping systems. Fresh herbage yield (t ha-1) and total yield (t ha-1) in all crops (corn, peanut & mungbean) and harvest index of peanut were significantly affected by the treatments. The significant variations on the said treatments were due to the difference in the plant population of monocultures and the intercrops. On the other hand, corn + mungbean gave a land equivalent ratio (LER) of 1.16, which means that such practice is more productive than growing corn or mungbean as monocrop. Likewise, corn + peanut have an LER value of 1.20 which means corn + peanut intercropping system is more advantageous over monocropping.
Economic analysis revealed that monoculture of peanut and mungbean is the most profitable cropping system as it provides a relatively higher yield and net income.
Response of corn (Zea mays L.) to various organic-based fertilizers in marginal upland of Sta. Rita, Samar
Authors: Ratilla Berta , Cagande Loreme , Capuno Othello
Published: December 2019

Organic farming is one of the management strategies that improve productivity of marginal uplands. The study aimed to: (1) evaluate effects of various organic-based fertilizers on the growth and yield of corn; (2) determine the appropriate combination for optimum yield; and (3) assess changes on the soil physical and chemical properties. Experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design, with 3 replications and 7 treatments, namely; T0=(0-0-0); T1=1t ha-1 Evans + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T2=t ha-1 Wellgrow + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T3=15t ha-1 chicken dung; T4=10t ha-1 chicken dung + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T5=15t ha-1 Vermicast; and T6=10t ha-1 Vermicast + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1. Application of organic-based fertilizers with or without inorganic fertilizers promoted growth of corn than the control. But due to high infestation of corn silk beetle(Monolepta bifasciata Horns), its grain yield was greatly affected. In the second cropping, except for Evans, any of these fertilizers applied alone or combined with 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1 appeared appropriate in increasing corn earyield. Soil physical and chemical properties changed with addition of organic fertilizers. While bulk density decreased irrespective of treatments, pH, total N, available P and exchangeable K generally increased more with chicken dung application.
Growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) grown in the marginal upland area of Sta. Rita, Samar as influenced by different planting densities and mulching materials
Authors: Gonzaga Zenaida , Obeda Warren , Gorme Ana Linda , Rom Jessie , Abrantes Oscar , Capuno Othello
Published: December 2019

Okra or Lady’s finger, botanically known as Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench, is a tropical and sub-tropical indigenous vegetable crop commonly grown for its fibrous, slimy, and nutritious fruits and consumed by all classes of population. It has also several medicinal and economic values. Despite its many uses and potential value, its importance is under estimated, under-utilized, and considered a minor crop and little attention was paid to its improvement. The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different planting densities and mulching materials on the growth and yield of okra grown in slightly sloping area in the marginal uplands in Sta. Rita, Samar, Philippines. A split-plot experiment was set up with planting density as main plot and the different mulching materials as the sub-plot which were: unmulched or bare soil, rice straw, rice hull, hagonoy and plastic mulch.
Planting density did not significantly affect the growth and yield of okra. Regardless ofthe mulching materials used, mulched plants were taller and yielded higher compared to unmulched plants. Moreover, the use of plastic mulch resulted to the highest total fruit yield. The results indicate the potential of mulching in increasing yield and thus profitability of okra production under marginal upland conditions.
Postharvest handling intervention for banana var la tundan grown in marginal upland areas in Inopacan, Leyte
Authors: Quevedo Marcelo , Ramos Arsenio , Sta. lglesia Ness Marie , Notarte Kris Benzon
Published: December 2019

The study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of packaging materials for transport and simple storage techniques of banana fruits planted by the upland farmers of lnopacan, Leyte and to identify and introduce the suitable postharvest intervention for their adoption. The use of plastic crates and rattan basket significantly minimized bruises and scratches of banana fruits during transport compared to plastic sack. Providing lining materials further reduced these injuries during transport. As a result of minimal damage during transport, the shelf life was extended during storage at ambient condition. On the other hand, harvested banana fruits were not stored as these were directly sold to the market during market days (tabo) or directly bought by middle men from the farm. However, in some instances where there is a difficulty in transport due to impassable roads, farmers are obliged to keep the harvested banana for sometime in their homes or collection center. Banana var. ‘Latundan’ fruits in hands or in bunch stored using MAP (PE bags) with diffusion holes had better postharvest performance, particularly lesser weight reduction, extended ripening (based on peel color changes & firmness), lower incidence and degree of decay and acceptable sensory quality ratings. In contrast, fruits in MAP without diffusion hole had inferior postharvest behavior.
Traditional knowledge and natural resources management for agricultural production in the marginal uplands: the case of Brgy. Caticugan, Sta. Rita, Samar
Authors: Salomon Jedess Miladel , Tulin Annabella , Galambao Marciana , Gumba Michelle
Published: December 2019

This study documented how people in an agricultural community cope with water scarcity. Through focus group discussions, household interviews, and observation, it attempts to understand how they make use of the available resources and traditional knowledge to make a livelihood. Thirty informants were involved in the study: six of which were tenants and twenty-four were landowners. Their agricultural practices were based on traditional beliefs and years of observation and experience on when to plant and how to ensure a bountiful harvest in conjunction with soil fertility and pest management. Preferred crops were those that were drought and pest resistant. Water scarcity was minimized through the use of balon, cemented deep well, water pumps, rainwater harvesting during the rainy season, and a reservoir. However, these could not supply enough for human consumption and agricultural production, especially during the dry season. Because ofthis, informants expressed the need for an irrigation system. This study illustrates the importance of traditional or local knowledge to agriculture and natural resource management by providing households with adaptive strategies. It is therefore important that this knowledge system be incorporated in the development and implementation of programs to improve the agricultural and economic productivity of farm households and the management of natural resources in the marginal uplands.
Design, fabrication, and comparative evaluation of plant power shredder
Authors: Sinon Feliciano , Martinez Alberto , Abadiano Ruth
Published: December 2019

Fresh organic materials have to be shredded into smaller sizes to increase their decomposition rate. Hence, a plant shredder is necessary.
This study illustrates the importance of traditional or local knowledge to agriculture and natural resource management by providing households with adaptive strategies.
A plant shredding machine known as “Plant Power Shredder (PPS)” suitable for village-scale use was developed following the design criteria such as: portability, affordability, efficiency and versatility. The machine is 1.5mL×1.05m W×1.10m H, weighs 150kg and costs PHP75,000 (including 7hp Diesel engine). It is mounted in an angular bar framing fitted with 2 free-wheeling wheels to be pulled by a hand tractor. The prototype used combination of shear and impact forces through the combination of radially mounted blades and hammer-members.
Comparative evaluation of PPS was done with the RUMVD35000-16 and RUMVD35000-14 in terms of capacity, efficiency, fuel consumption, power-output ratio, sizes of shredded materials, percent decomposition of shredded output and break-even cost of each machine. Shredding was done on rice straw (RC 216), kakawate leaves and branches and dried coconut husk at three replications.
Results showed that PPS has the highest efficiency of 95.71%, lowest fuel cost of PHP57.17 per hour and PHP0.15 per kg, highest power to output ratio of 0.014hp per kg and lowest break even cost of PHP0.68 per kg. RU 14 has the highest capacity of 471.90kg per hour and has the greatest percentage of short-size shredded material of 70.94 %.
Fermented rice rinse field trial in backyard pig raising
Authors: Abela Julius , Rom Eva , Milla Norberto , Bestil Lolito , Capuno Othello , Asio Victor
Published: December 2019

Barangay Caticugan, Sta. Rita Samar is an area chosen by Philippine Higher the Research Network Visayas State University luminaries as the beneficiaries of this research aiming to improve marginal upland pig farmers concurrently helping , and climatic change in marginal upland areas. Six mixed breed island born piglets (MBIBP) were randomly blocked into 2 treatments with 3 replications each. Treatment 0 (T0) is feeding with commercial feeds without supplementation (Control treatment). Treatment 1 (T1) is feeding with control treatment with 20mL/head/day fermented rice rinse (FRR) supplementation. The research trials were applied to growing-finishing mixed breed island born piglets from weaning age (approximately 30 days old) to growing-finishing age at (150 days old). The amount of feed was equal in all treatments at nearly ad libitum feeding. Moreover, weekly monitoring of weights was done and monthly data were subjected to T test from 30 to 150 days period. Results revealed that treatment with supplementation of FRR has produced significant average body weights (ABW) at 0.002 p-value. Average daily gain (ADG) is greater in T1 than T0 and the former has lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) at 1.97kg than the latter at 3.08kg. Therefore, FRR supplementation to MBIBP produced better growth performance among treated pigs than those without FRR supplementation.
Calendering Effects on Coating Pore Structure and Ink Setting Behavior
Authors: RESCH PETER , BAUER WOLFGANG , HIRN ULRICH
Published: December 2019

Coating layer pore structure significantly affects surface appearance, optical properties, and print-ability performance of multiply coated papers. Generally, fast ink setting can be realized by use of fine pigments, or pigments with steep particle size distribution. Ink-paper interaction of coated papers also changes significantly in calendering. The objective of this study was to better understand the influence of calendering on the pore structure of multilayered coated papers and to highlight the effect of this pore structure change on ink setting behavior. Laboratory calendering trials demonstrated that the pore structure of calendered paper is reduced with increased calendering temperatures. Mercury porosimetry and image analysis of scanning electron microscope images of calendered papers highlighted the gradual reduction of total pore volume, which, in combination with the reduced surface porosity, resulted in slower ink setting. If ink setting speed is to be preserved, calendering at low surface temperatures and a higher number of nip passes is preferred to reach a desired paper gloss level. Results also were compared to common theoretical models for liquid penetration into porous structures. These models can also be used to describe the influence of calendering-induced pore structure changes on ink setting. This work demonstrates optimization of calendering parameters to reach a balance for paper gloss and ink setting. The optimum depends on the machine equipment available and has to be checked separately for each concept of multiply coated paper and calender conditions.
Reappraisal of the role of turpentine vapor in noncondensible gas explosions
Authors: LAUTKASKI RISTO
Published: December 2019

Turpentine has been identified as the cause of numerous fires and explosions within the pulp and paper industry. Explosions in the noncondensible gas (NCG) collection systems caused by total reduced sulfur (TRS) compounds have usually been minor and caused minimal damage, but explosions caused by turpentine could be catastrophic. When flammable conditions have been created by insufficient dilution, air leakage into the system, or accumulation and breakthrough of TRS gases or turpentine vapor at a chip bin, it is conceivable that turpentine vapor created near-optimum flammable mixtures more often than TRS gases did. In these cases, the burning velocity would have been close to the maximum. On the other hand, when flammable conditions were created due to insufficient dilution of a stream of high volume, low concentration gases (HVLCs) or due to air leakage into a stream of low volume, high concentration gases (LVHCs), then the flammable mixture formed would be expected to have been off-stoichiometric: lean in the former case and rich in the latter case. In both cases, the burning velocity could have been much lower than in the near-stoichiometric mixture. The violence of explosions caused by turpentine is attributed to its capability to form near-stoichiometric mixtures more easily than the other components of NCGs.
A new method for quantifying the blocking of coated paperboard
Authors: SKILLINGTON PAULINE , SCHOEMAN YOLANDE R. , CLOETE VALESKA , HARTMANN PATRICE C.
Published: December 2019

Blocking is undesired adhesion between two surfaces when subjected to pressure and temperature constraints. Blocking between two coated paperboards in contact with each other may be caused by inter-diffusion, adsorption, or electrostatic forces occurring between the respective coating surfaces. These interactions are influenced by factors such as the temperature, pressure, surface roughness, and surface energy. Blocking potentially can be reduced by adjusting these factors, or by using antiblocking additives such as talc, amorphous silica, fatty acid amides, or polymeric waxes. We developed a method of quantifying blocking using a rheometer. Coated surfaces were put in contact with each other with controlled pressure and temperature for a definite period. We then measured the work necessary to pull the two surfaces apart. This was a reproducible way to accurately quantify blocking. The method was applied to determine the effect external factors have on the blocking tendency of coated paperboards, i.e., antiblocking additive concentration, film thickness, temperature, and humidity.
مخـاطر أدوات التمويل الإسلامي
Authors: Qandooz Abdul Kareem
Published: December 2019

يهدفُ هذا البحثُ إلى تقييم تجربة بنك فيصل الإسلامي السُّوداني، في تمويل المشروعات الصَّغيرة والحِرَفيَّة خلال الفترة 1985-2014م، كما يقدِّمُ تحليلاً للسِّياسات التمويلية التي اتَّبعها البنك في دعم هذه المشروعات، ويشملُ ذلك: شروط التَّمويل، وأساليبه، ومجالاته، واعتمد البحث على المنهج الوصفي التَّحليلي في تقييم التجربة، ومناقشة جوانب تميُّزها والتَّحديات التي واجهتها، وتوصَّل البحث إلى نتائج أكَّدت أنَّ تجربة بنك فيصل الإسلامي السُّوداني تميَّزت عن غيرها من التجارب باستخدام أساليب التَّمويل الإسلامي في دعم المشروعات الصَّغيرة والحِرَفيَّة، كما كشف البحث عن قدرة هذه التجربة على تقديم التَّمويل بشروطٍ مُيسَّرةٍ وغير تقليديَّةٍ إلى قطاعِ المشروعات الصَّغيرة والحِرَفيَّة، واستطاع البنك بذلك أن يُلبِّيَ حاجة المشروعات الصَّغيرة والحِرَفيَّة للتمويل، ويوجِّه مدخراتها نحو القطاعات الإنتاجيَّة؛ ممَّا أسهم في تعزيز التَّنمية الاقتصاديَّة والاجتماعيَّة. الكلمات المفتاحية: المشروعات الصَّغيرة والحِرَفيَّة، التَّمويل الإسلامي، التَّمويل الأصغر، المصارف الإسلاميَّة، بنك فيصل الإسلامي السُّوداني
Intestinal microbiota, obesity and prebiotics
Authors: BARCZYNSKA R. , BANDURSKA K. , SLIZEWSKA K. , LITWIN M. , SZALECKI M. , LIBUDZISZ Z. , KAPUSNIAK J.
Published: December 2019

Over the past few decades there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of obesity in both children and adults. Obesity is a disease that has reached epidemic levels on a global scale. The development of obesity is associated with both environmental and genetic factors. Recent studies indicate that intestinal microorganisms play an important function in maintaining normal body weight. One of the objectives in the gut microbiota research is to determine the role it plays and can it be a reliable biomarker of disease risk, including the predisposition to obesity. This article discusses (1) the role of prebiotics and gut microbiota in maintaining a healthy body weight and (2) potential influence on the gut microbiota in the prevention and treatment of obesity.
In vitro studies of antibacterial and antifungal wound dressings comprising H2TiO3 and SiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: KROKOWICZ LUKASZ , TOMCZAK HANNA , BOBKIEWICZ ADAM , MACKIEWICZ JACEK , MARCINIAK RYSZARD , DREWS MICHAL , BANASIEWICZ TOMASZ
Published: December 2019

The incidence rate of the infected and complex wound is established at approximately 40,000/1 million of the world's adult population. The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of three novel types of wound dressings comprising sodium chloride, metatitanic acid and silicon dioxide nanoparticles. The study design was to prove their antimicrobial properties against the microorganisms most commonly causing wound infections. The study evaluated the antimicrobial effect of tested dressings on referenced strains of bacteria (ATCC collection, Argenta, Poland) and strains of fungi species (our own collection of fungi cultured from patients). The dressings were tested with both bacterial and fungal strains on solid media (Mueller-Hinton, Sobouraud, bioMerieux, France) in the standard method. The results confirmed the inhibition of growth of bacteria and revealed zones of inhibition for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Significant zones of inhibition were established for Staphylococcus aureus and for fungi species of the Candida sp. These results would be crucial due to the fact of the low availability of antifungal therapeutics for both systemic and topical usage. Moreover, the current standard of antifungal treatment is associated with high costs and high toxicity in general. The preliminary results are very promising but further studies are necessary. Based on the obtained results, the tested dressings may contribute to the development of the surgical armamentarium of complex wound management in the near future.
PERANCANGAN PANEL SURYA MENGGUNAKAN TRANSISTOR (2N3055 & MJ2955) DENGAN EFEK PANTUL SINAR MATAHARI UNTUK OPTIMASI ENERGI LISTRIK YANG DIHASILKAN
Authors: Yusiana Venny , Matalata Hendi
Published: December 2019

Solar or solar energy can be an alternative source of energy in the future, where solar energy can be converted into electrical energy by utilizing the photoelectric effect that occurs in photovoltaic components or solar cells.  Solar cells or photovoltaic components can convert sunlight into electrical energy that can be used directly by the load or stored in a battery, a kind of electrochemical device that can store electrical charges in the form of chemical energy. The electrical energy generated by the solar cell is influenced by the intensity of light received by the sun. To gain the desired power and voltage, the solar cells are connected in series and parallel into a solar cell module. 2N3055 & MJ2955 transistor based solar panels are the basic materials for designing alternative power generation. In the process of manufacture, this solar panel utilizes the components of used components that are still feasible to use, so it can be used to be the appropriate technology to produce a solar panel that utilizes solar energy in the form of sunlight and solar heat. In this study also conducted experiments using glass components as a reflection effect from light sources. The result of this experiment obtained that the amount of electrical energy output resulting from the reflection effect of light by using 2N3055 transistor and MJ2955 transistor can produce increased current and increase electrical power.Keywords: Solar cell, Transistor 2N3055 & MJ2955, The effect of reflection light
Peluang Efisiensi Penggunaan Energi pada Sektor Perhotelan di Kota Jambi
Authors: Myson Myson
Published: December 2019

In the RPJMN 2015-2019 the government sets a target of 20 million foreign tourists by 2019. The hotel sector contributes to national energy use of 3%. The hospitality sector is growing at a 12.5% growth rate from 2007 to 2011, in response to an increase in the number of tourists between 9-13% including in Jambi at that time. To evaluate the use of electric energy at the hotel it is necessary to conduct an analysis of energy costs per hotel room sold to give an average picture of energy costs. From the calculation, it is found that the intensity of energy consumption in one of the hotel rooms in jambi city is 5.93 kWh / m2.Key words: Energy, energy conservation, hotel
Зв’язок соціальної бажаності та ціннісних орієнтацій у юнацькому віці
Authors: Шевченко Альона
Published: December 2019

У статті висвітлено результати дослідження зв’язку соціальної бажаності та ціннісних орієнтацій осіб юнацького віку. Зазначено, що ціннісні орієнтації виконують регулятивну роль у житті людини, а особливо ними керується сучасна молодь. Показано, що соціальна бажаність – це тенденція особистості представляти себе у вигідному світлі, котра накладає відбиток як на зміну відношення до загальних цінностей, до оточення, так і до значущих інших. Досліджено ціннісні орієнтації і соціальну бажаність, що спонукало віднайти у цій проблематиці суттєві взаємозв’язки між цими елементами.
Мета статті полягає в емпіричному дослідженні взаємозв’язку соціальної бажаності та ціннісних орієнтацій в юнацькому віці.
Методи:теоретичне аналізування, синтезування, систематизація та узагальнення наукової літератури. Емпіричні методи дослідження: методика «Діагностика реальної структури ціннісних орієнтацій особистості» (С. С. Бубнової, 1994); опитувальник Кроуна-Марлоу «Шкала соціальної бажаності» (Crowne-Marlowe Social Desirability Scale, CMSDS, 1960);методика «Balance dinventory for desirable responding» BIDR Version 6 (Paulhus D. L, 1998).
Результати: за допомогою кореляції Ч. Спірмена визначено, що соціальна бажаність корелює з ціннісними орієнтаціями особистості. Встановлено, що особам юнацького віку з високим рівнем соціальної бажаності властива зміна цінностей під впливом соціуму, у осіб з низьким рівнем вираженості даної ознаки дана тенденція не спостерігається.
Висновки: у статті наведено авторське визначення феномену «соціальна бажаність», під яким автор розуміє прагнення особистості до позитивного та конструктивного в взаємовпливу, взаємообміну з суспільством, у результаті чого особистість підкорюється йому, представляючи себе у вигідному світлі. На основі емпіричного дослідження визначено, що соціальна бажаність особистості впливає на ціннісні орієнтації.
Соціальна адаптованість дитини у структурі цілісності її особистості
Authors: Гейко Євгенія , Завацька Наталія
Published: December 2019

У статті здійснено спробу теоретико-аналітичного висвітлення специфіки адаптованості дітей у структурі цілісності особистості. На підґрунті системного підходу визначається полісистемна структура цілісності особистості дитини. Показано, що у концепції цілісності особистості, як системи поняття взаємодії поширюється на особистість, світ і активність. Згідно з вказаною концепцією, цілісний світ постає у вигляді полісистеми і підкорюється принципу подвійності якісної визначеності: особистість і світ взаємодіють як системи і підсистеми одна одної. Важливим є те, що декілька форм активності надають взаємодіям особистості і світу характер активнісної поліфонії. Наголошується, що цілісний світ зорганізується в полісистему через взаємодію особистості і її світу у двох позиціях: незалежних систем і підсистем одна одної. Полісистемні взаємодії особистості і її світу розподіляються за різними складовими. Взаємодії локалізуються в поле складової особистості і в поле складової світу. Позиція (система чи підсистема), локалізація (у складовій особистості і світу) і взаємодія (з урахуванням позиції і локалізації) – ключові параметри цілісного світу. Вони надають йому розмаїтості, різнопорядковості, релятивності. Цілісність особистості дитини – це єдність світоглядних орієнтацій, яка проявляється в автономності особистості, її відповідальності за свої дії, рефлексивності, відкритості, здатності до саморозвитку й самореалізації. Протилежним поняттю “цілісна особистість” є “фрагментарна особистість” – особистість, структурні компоненти якої входять у конфлікт один із одним і не являють собою цілісної картини світу. Застосувавши принцип системності до висвітлення психологічної природи цілісності особистості розглядаються компоненти структури цілісності у взаємозв'язку й взаємозалежності, визначається специфіка об'єкта і предмета дослідження, які, у свою чергу, впливають на зміст, власне, цілісності особистості.
DEVELOPMENT OF ESTONIAN UPPER SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ BIOLOGICAL CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING AND COMPETENCES
Authors: Semilarski Helin , Laius Anne , Rannikmäe Miia
Published: December 2019

The main aim of this research was to measure 10th and 12th grade students’ biological conceptual understanding and competences through their upper secondary school studies. Data collection started at the beginning of the upper secondary school biology studies in the 10th grade. The same students participated in this research when they were in the 12th grade. A validated instrument of covering four competences: biological conceptual understanding, problem-solving, critical thinking and divergent thinking was used. Overall, this research was meant to evaluate students’ conceptual understanding and cognitive skills (problem-solving, critical thinking, divergent thinking) through the socio-scientific issue of lactose intolerance. The sample of students was formed from 42 representatively chosen Estonian schools of grade 10 (N=967) and grade 12 (N=802). The development conceptual understanding and competences of students' during three upper secondary school years of biology studies were discussed. The main results showed that during three years of schooling the students exhibited a statistically significant increase in the tasks, that measured students’ biological understanding and cognitive skills. The results showed that the students achieved lower scores in tasks that measured their decision-making and socio-scientific reasoning skills. Keywords: achievement levels, biology education, competences development, conceptual understanding, empirical research.
Genetic diversity of Rhizobium spp. isolated from soil samples of Bangladesh
Authors: Tanim Md Tauhidul Islam , Chowdhury Md Miraj Kobad , Bari Latiful , Rahaman Md Mizanur , Rahman Sabita Rezwana , Rahman Md Majibur
Published: December 2019

Rhizobia are Gram-negative soil-inhabiting bacteria commonly found in nodules of leguminous plants. These bacteria exclusively fix atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, which is convertible to urea to serve natural fertilizer to the plants. However, rhizobial microbiota of Bangladesh have been studied poorly. Here, twenty isolates were identified as Rhizobium through observation of cultural characteristics, morphological characteristics and different biochemical tests. Isolates differed from one another in terms of their stress response characteristics like salt-stress tolerance,temperature tolerance, antibiotic susceptibility, and pH. Most of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin and erythromycin and streptomycin; and were sensitive to kanamycin and ciprofloxacin. Isolates were clustered into three genotypic groups according to the banding patterns of Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis (ARDRA). All the strains in ARDRA group 1 were Rhizobium azibense, and the others were Rhizobium bangladeshense and Rhizobium qilianshanense. Future studies would validate their capacity of nitrogen fixation and the scope of improvement of these strains to increase their efficiency of nitrogen fixation.

Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 36 Number 1 June 2019, pp 07-10