bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Анализ категории культуры во взаимосвязи с самосознанием и образованием
Authors: Малахова Варвара Романовна
Published: December 2021

Аннотация. В статье изучается взаимосвязь культуры, образования и самосознания. Рассматриваются подходы исследователей к пониманию культуры и ее роли в современном мире. Самосознание представлено третичными когнитивными процессами – метакогнитивными качествами и рефлексией, обусловливающими надситуативную позицию, которая способствует созданию и реализации индивидуального пути саморазвития личности. Психологическая культура – это конструкт, обогащающий духовную сторону человека; в данной работе понимается как часть общей культуры. Эмпирическое исследование проведено на выборке студентов третьего курса (№ = 22 человека). В результате исследования обнаружены взаимосвязи психологической культуры с рефлексией и метакогнитивными знаниями, а также показана связь результатов образования (баллов) с метакогнитивными качествами. Доказывается, что выделение значимости культуры в образовании повышает самосознание личности через развитие третичных когнитивных процессов, что делает процесс образования и его результаты личностно значимыми. Рост количественных результатов образования (отметки) отражает качественные изменения в развитии личности. Показана взаимосвязь культуры – социума – образования и ее влияние на самосознание личности как субъекта образования. Ключевые слова: культура, образование, субъект, метакогнитивизм.
Die Erde ist eine Keimträgerin - Lehren aus der Corona-Pandemie
Authors: Kaeser Eduard
Published: December 2021

Das Virus hat uns kalt erwischt. Bisher richteten wir unser alarmiertes Augenmerk auf die Makro-Skala des Klimawandels und vernachlässigten sträflich die organische Mikro-Skala im gesamtplanetarischen «oikos», dem Haushalt der Erde. Jetzt stellt sich heraus: Unser Planet ist ein gewaltiger Keimträger. Und ökologisch denken bedeutet, auch mit den kleinsten Mitbewohnern zu rechnen. Die Mikrobe kann deshalb als Metapher dienen für die Macht des Zufalls; die begrenzte Operationsfähigkeit des Menschen; das unbekannte Unbekannte; das Fremde, Invasive; die Kontamination, den «Dreck». Es ist an der Zeit, sich auch philosophisch mit diesen Stellgrössen des künftigen planetarischen Lebens auseinanderzusetzen. Die Realität, in der wir leben, ist total viral.
Review of selected endpoints in studies evaluating the effectiveness and efficacy of topical finasteride use for androgenetic alopecia
Authors: Alghanemi Logain , Balhareth Abdulkareem , Alsiyoufi Alya
Published: December 2021

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a disorder that worsens over the time. A metabolite of testosterone called dihydrotestosterone is implicated in the pathogenesis of AGA by exerting its effect on genetically predisposed hair follicles. Oral finasteride (FNS) targets this enzymatic step and is one of the two approved medications for the condition, the other one being topical minoxidil. This paper aimed to dissect the current literature on the endpoints chosen to measure the efficacy and effectiveness of using topical FNS for managing AGA. PubMed database was searched from October to November 2021 with the following terms including (\"Finasteride\"[Title] OR \"Finasteride\"[MeSH Terms]) AND (\"Local\"[Title] OR \"Topical\"[Title]). All human studies that investigated the use of topical FNS for AGA were included. Following the initial abstract scanning, studies that only investigated animal objects were excluded. Additionally, studies that did not have at least one clinical endpoint were overlooked. This review highlighted the available tools of hair evaluation in the reviewed literature. Objective tools represent the majority. These assessment methods were inconsistently applied across the reviewed studies, which as discussed earlier led to results that are hard to combine statistically. Considering these observations, future investigators are encouraged to make use of validated and standardized methods. Despite their growing significant subjective measures of hair growth on the other hand were not included in all the investigations.
Badania techniką sortowania kart w projektowaniu Portalu Informacyjnego Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu
Authors: Cyrklaff-Gorczyca Magdalena , Marzec Paweł
Published: December 2021

This article presents the application of a selected card sorting tool in the study of an organization chart and labeling system. The aim of the project was to use the OptimalSort application to prepare card sorting studies in the Information Portal of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, carried out in February 2020, during the workshops at the 2nd National Scientific Conference “WIAD20”, devoted to information architecture. After a short introduction to the card sorting technique and the application selected for its implementation, the results of research carried out in a group of 12 people are presented.
„Awizów przy naszym dworze bardzo jest mało”. Ks. Tomasz Perkowicz SJ (1652-1720) jako korespondent Anny Franciszki Zamoyskiej, podskarbiny koronnej. Studium z dziejów obiegu informacji w czasach saskich
Authors: Popiołek Bożena
Published: December 2021

The mass character of various manuscripts at the beginning of the 18th century made them an important communication medium and contributed to the rapid circulation of information. The care for obtaining reliable knowledge in the shortest possible time prompted the recipient of news to look for a medium that would deliver the news directly from the scene of the events or be processed little enough to give the impression of being real. One of the most important information media in the Saxon times was handwritten news, which played a significant role not only in disseminating knowledge about the world but also in creating a certain image of reality. However, attention should be paid to the specific type of communication in the handwritten media of this period, which allowed for many false, misleading, or deliberately prepared news in such a way as to create an appearance of reliability. This useless and even harmful knowledge, the purpose of which was to disinform its recipients, was an excellent political weapon in various strives and plots. The unstable political situation in the Polish Republic at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries favoured the dissemination of prepared news. The aim of these efforts was to perpetuate erroneous beliefs about the conduct of the main actors of certain events.
Wizualizacja informacji w debacie o kryzysie klimatycznym
Authors: Lebda Małgorzata
Published: December 2021

This article focuses on the issue related to information visualization (methods of correct and attractive data and knowledge visualization) that could prove crucial in raising public awareness of the climate crisis. Various types of information visualization are analyzed here, indicating that the most popular ones are infographics and those with some level of interaction. Attention is also paid to trends in graphic design, the use of which can increase the aesthetic value of information visualization.
Biblioteki w szkołach autonomicznej Galicji
Authors: Juśko Edmund , Niedojadło Andrzej
Published: December 2021

During the period of autonomy, the network of libraries in popular schools was still not very dense. There were schools without libraries or with only a few publications. The situation in secondary schools was much better. Virtually all of them had libraries with two departments for teachers and students. They also had relatively large and numerous collections. Funds for the purchase of books were received by folk and secondary schools from the National School Council, or they increased their book collections as a result of donations from various institutions or private individuals. In addition to libraries operating at schools, libraries in districts were also organised, which could only be used by teachers of folk schools and were supervised by district school councils. All libraries were aimed at providing factual knowledge to teachers and students. Teachers of secondary schools used libraries to a greater extent than teachers of folk schools. This problem was noticed by the National School Council. Regardless of the large number of collections, libraries were often students only contact with books. A properly selected and assembled collection of books had an effective influence on students’ ideological attitudes and social behaviour. In the process of raising the intellectual level of students and their upbringing in secondary schools, the Dragon (a reading room) played a clear role. The reading room’s purpose was to supplement and expand the knowledge acquired in the school lesson process and satisfy students’ individual interests and skills. In terms of upbringing, the reading room was a place for organising evenings, mornings, anniversaries of historical figures, ceremonies of state (court) holidays, poetry readings, and songs, that is, organising the social life of students. For young people, the room performed a cultural function within which national values ​​started to dominate over time. It prepared them to function in adulthood as the social and intellectual elite of the future Second Polish Republic.
Ośrodki wydawnicze wileńskiej konspiracji 1939–1945
Authors: Żurawski Jacek A.
Published: December 2021

During the successive occupations (Soviet, Lithuanian, German and again Soviet), Wilno was one of the most thriving publishing centers of conspiracy press. Between 1939 and 1945, there were probably 54 press titles published by ZWZ-AK, Regional Delegation for Wilno, Wilno Democratic Concentration, political parties, communist underworld, youth organizations and even individuals. Furthermore, there are 24 known conspiratorial pamphlets published at the time. The military and political undergrounds became the most important publishing focal points for conspiracy press. However, there were also publishers from outside this group - political organizations that did not answer to central authorities, independent groups of a military character, large numbers of youth organizations, individuals issuing underground newspapers. These publications are both a historical source of the Polish armed struggle against the occupant in Wilno and neighboring areas, mostly populated by Poles at that time, and a testament to the debates on political topics within the conspiracies.
Powojenne losy księgarzy lwowskich w świetle akt Komisji Weryfikacyjnej Związku Księgarzy Polskich
Authors: Wójcik Ewa
Published: December 2021

The subject of the study is the fate of Lviv booksellers who were dispersed across the whole Poland within its new borders as a result of repatriation. Some of them went to the Recovered Territories (mainly to Wrocław, Bytom, Gliwice, Gdańsk, and Opole), while others went to Łódź, Cracow, and Warsaw. The end of the Lviv bookmaking era began during the Soviet occupation when large companies were nationalised and replaced with state-owned companies based on publishing houses, bookstores, and printing houses taken from their owners. Well-deserved establishments disappeared from the market. Under the German occupation, there were only four legal publishing houses offering books in Polish. In post-war Poland, the situation of Lviv booksellers who tried to reactivate their activities was difficult. Limitations on the amount of property possible to carry along meant that only a few managed to take scarce book collections, while the rest had to start from scratch. They established small bookstores and stationery stores and undertook publishing activities. Some of them took jobs in state institutions, encouraged by good financial conditions and managerial positions. Those who wanted to remain in the profession had to undergo verification by the Polish Booksellers Association. The preserved documentation of the work of the Commission is a valuable source for research on the beginnings of the reconstruction of the publishing and bookkeeping movement in post-war Poland and the fate of Polish booksellers during World War II.
The Peace of Riga and the Recovery of Polish Literary Heritage
Authors: Pietrzkiewicz Dorota
Published: December 2021

The Peace of Riga is considered by historians as one of the most important documents of the interwar period in Eastern Europe. It established the central belt of the western border of Russia, forced Marshal Józef Piłsudski to abandon plans to establish an Eastern European federation, which had an impact on the character of the recovering Republic, and sanctioned the borders and political system of Belarus and Ukraine. These issues have been considered by researchers, as reflected in the literature on the subject, but only a few papers discuss issues related to the restitution of book collections and archival documents. The purpose of the present article is to highlight the recovery of works of Polish literary heritage carried out under the Peace of Riga. It shows the involvement of the Polish scientific community in receiving manuscripts, prints (including incunabula), engravings, and archives of Polish provenance from Russian institutions. Today, the confiscated Polish manuscripts and prints that could not be recovered under the Peace of Riga are subject to the international cooperation of librarians from Warsaw and St. Petersburg.
Libros de viajes. A study of Castilian travel accounts from the 15th century on the eve of the great geographical discoveries
Authors: Burkiewicz Łukasz
Published: December 2021

At the beginning of the 15th century, Castile, like other countries located on the Iberian Peninsula, was struggling with a range of internal problems. Before it reached - together with Aragon - greatness as the Monarchy of the Catholic Kings, it had already taken an active interest in far-away lands, and its representatives made distant journeys, which they described in detail in their travel accounts. Over the course of the 16th and 17th centuries, Spain became a great power both externally and internally, and this period is often called the Golden Ages (siglos de oro) of Spanish literature. This was undoubtedly the period in which literature written on the Iberian Peninsula itself reached its highest level of excellence. Moreover, some literary genres, especially historiography and accounts of travels, conquests, and discoveries, became a tool of Charles V’s and Philip II’s official propaganda: they glorified their empire and passed on the message of Spain’s special role in the world and the greatness of its discoveries and conquests. Against this background, the article discusses the role and history of the publication of two fifteenth-century Castilian travel accounts, or libros de viajes, which report the expeditions of Ruy González de Clavijo and Pero Tafur. Their narratives were key elements of the image Spanish rulers crafted for themselves during both the Habsburg dynasty of the 16th and 17th centuries and the Bourbon dynasty of the 19th century.
Cenzura prasy partyjnej na przykładzie „Gazety Pomorskiej” z lat 1949–1950
Authors: Ciszewska-Pawłowska Wanda
Published: December 2021

Gazeta Pomorska, the press organ of the Provincial Committee of the Polish United Workers' Party in Bydgoszcz, is an example of the party’s press closely related to a political grouping. The journal was created in 1949 as a result of merging local Pomeranian magazines: "Głos Pomorza” from Toruń and "Gazeta Zachodnia” from Bydgoszcz. The subject of the new periodical referred to the nature of the previous magazines. The novelty was the close connection with party issues. Censorship assessments of "Gazeta Pomorska" prepared by the Provincial Office of Control of Press, Publications and Shows (WUKPPiW) in Bydgoszcz in 1949 are not as enthusiastic as they would expect for a periodical related to the party in power. Their character and tone depend, among others, on the guidelines presented at the meetings of the party’s press editors, organized by the Press and Publishing Department of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers' Party (Wydział Prasy i Wydawnictw KC PZPR).
Prawda czy fałsz w polityce informacyjnej? Wiarygodność telewizyjnych newsów a opinie polskich widzów w pierwszym kwartale pandemii COVID-19
Authors: Kristanova Evelina
Published: December 2021

The authors studied the opinions of a randomly selected group of 100 respondents on the subject of policy of Polish and English language television services broadcasted at the very beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. An anonymous online survey asked respondents about the accuracy and reliability of the information, with the goal of understanding of how much respondents were aware of the influence of all news on their political views and attitude. Media content analysis, critical analysis of literature, as well as comparative and statistical methods were analysed in conjunction with the responses to provide a wider context. The authors were also interested in learning: 1) if people would choose the same TV station, 2) their approval rating of the incumbent president, and finally, 3) whether their preferences would be in line with the official ranking data. The authors concluded that the respondents’ recognition of the credibility of the new sources facilitated the formation of political views, and in the process, their choices.
Bertolt Brecht auf der Bühne nach 2000 – Skizze über die Rezeption und Bedeutung seiner Dramen in Polen
Authors: Mirecka Agata
Published: December 2021

Bertolt Brecht's drama was performed frequently on Polish stages after 1945. It has often been presented and analysed in academic works. However, the aim of this article is to present the role of Bertolt Brecht's work on Polish stages today as well as to briefly outline its literary reception in Poland after the year 2000. The new productions of his plays have become a mirror of contemporary tendencies in the understanding of Bertolt Brecht's work in Poland today. The aim of the paper is to present the productions of Bertolt Brecht's plays and the publications in Poland after the year 2000. It discusses why Brecht's plays have not enjoyed such great popularity in Poland in the last 20 years. It would be a desirable basis for academic approaches and a critical discourse on Bertolt Brecht's work abroad.
Piotr Skrzynecki: performer nieustającego święta
Authors: Pieniążek Marek
Published: December 2021

The author of this article highlights the performative aspects of Piotr Skrzynecki’s cabaret and theatre activities, which triggered a special kind of artistic communication with the audience. He places the artist’s profile against the background of communist Poland and the post-transformation cultural reality, emphasising Skrzynecki’s independence from ideological and economic conditions. The creative life of the founder of Piwnica pod Baranami is shown as producing social, communal, and artistic situations of collective celebration. The impact of the cabaret of the Piwnica pod Baranami is analysed by the author as an intentional production of a feedback loop between aesthetic, social, and political groups, establishing a community around the stage event.
Infodemia w pandemii. W kierunku infodemiologii
Authors: Materska Katarzyna
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this paper is to present a preliminary concept of an infodemiological approach to solving information problems that carry, and are likely to carry, emerging and as yet unknown threats. The analysis of the pandemic, infodemic, and related misinformation was limited to the sphere of issues related to the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic and the disease caused by it, termed, according to the World Health Organisation’s (WHO) recommendations, COVID-19. The research was conducted using the desk research method and critical analysis of scientific literature. Infodemic was presented as a context of behaviour of information prosumers, and factors of information users’ susceptibility to disinformation were indicated. Key actions to support “information resilience” to disinformation during the COVID-19 pandemic are outlined with examples from the WHO, European institutions, the European Digital Media Observatory (EDMO), and fact-checking platforms. The “infodemiological” approach - innovative on the ground in Poland - certainly requires further research and in-depth analysis.
Problematyka zarządzania bibliotekami w świetle analizy zawartości wybranych czasopism naukowych z lat 2015–2020
Authors: Jaskowska Bożena , Król Magdalena B.
Published: December 2021

This paper is an attempt to capture, from the pages of selected foreign scientific journals from 2015-2020, global trends in the management of various types of libraries. This, although to a very limited extent, will offer insights into the theory and practice of library management in Poland as well as factors that influence them. This study’s methodology is based on the analysis of scientific and industry literature in the library and information science discipline. The analysis of the content of three selected foreign scientific journals devoted to library management - Library Management, Journal of Library Administration, and Library Leadership and Management for 2015-2020 revealed that the most frequently undertaken topics in the field of library management are: leadership, user-oriented management, resource management human resources, strategic planning and management, change management, organizational culture, knowledge management and interlibrary and external cooperation.
An in silico approach towards exploration of the oxidative stress resistance of major withanolides of Withania somnifera in relation to COVID-19 management
Authors: Vinodkumar Sangeetha , Santhanu Krishnapriya , Natarajan Kanimozhi , Senthil Kalaiselvi
Published: December 2021

Oxidative stress is the state of imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (free radicals) in the biological system and the ability of the body to detoxify them resulting in increased accumulation of free radicals in the cells. This stress leads to weakening of the immune system thus leading to higher susceptibility to other infections as well. This also includes the weakening of the respiratory tract leading to increased susceptibility of viral infections as in the case of COVID-19. Treatment for any kind of abnormality requires the identification of the key target proteins and pathways that are being altered. Withania somnifera is being used in the traditional medicinal system to improve health and longevity thus creating a sense of mental as well as physical well being. The present study utilises network pharmacological approach to predict the potential oxidative stress targets of the three major withanolides: withanolide A, withaferin A and withanone. Primarily, the targets of the individual withanolides were obtained from the Swiss target and DIGEP-pred databases and the GO terms and lead hits related to oxidative stress were retrieved from AMIGO2 database. Totally 40 correlative hits were obtained as anti stress targets of the withanolides, which were subjected to functional enrichment and protein–protein interaction analysis to study the enriched pathways underlying oxidative stress response. Further the eleven crucial targets of the four selected pathways were analysed using molecular docking analysis. A total of forty protein hits were obtained as oxidative stress targets of the withanolides. Further, the pathway enrichment of these forty target genes showed the AGE RAGE signalling pathway as highly enriched pathway. Therefore, the AGE RAGE signalling pathway along with its underlying pathways namely MAPK signalling pathway, FOXO pathway and PI3-AKT pathway were chosen among all the other enriched pathways. Further the molecular docking analysis of the eleven target proteins falling under these four pathways showed good docking scores of the withanolides with all the eleven targets with the highest interaction against BCL2.  From the above study, the biological targets and associated pathways of the withanolides have been retrieved.  Thus the in silico approach undertaken in this study explores the role of the key withanolides in the antioxidant potential of the traditional medicinal plant Withania somnifera.
Isolation and phenotypic characterization of Gallibacterium anatis biovar haemolytica from a hen with hemorrhagic ooforitis
Authors: SORESCU IONUT , ROMASCU LUMINITA MARIA , IONESCU MARIA , POPOVICI ANDREI , STOICA COSTIN , BARBUCEANU FLORICA
Published: December 2021

Objective: the isolation and phenotypically identification of a Gallibacterium anatis biovar haemolytica strain from a hen with hemorrhagic ooforitis; the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of this isolate. Methods and results: a strain of G. anatis biovar haemolytica, was isolated and phenotypic identified by morphological, cultural and biochemical characters examination, with API 20 E, API 20 NE, API STAPH, API ZYM tests and ABIS online software. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolate was performed using the standard disk diffusion method. Conclusions: a strain of G. anatis biovar haemolytica was isolated and phenotypically identified from a hen. From our knowledge, this is the first reporting in Romania of isolation and identification of G. anatis biovar haemolytica. The Gah IDSA 161 strain could be phenotypic identified only by ABIS on line software, Pasteurellaceae Database version, unifying the results of four API kits and other biochemical tests. The isolate showed a multi-drug resistant profile to tetracyclines (tetracycline, oxitetracycline, doxicyclin), floroquinolones (enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin), ampicillin, trimethoprim, nalidixic acid, clindamycin, and it was susceptible to sulfonamide, sulfomethoxazole/trimethoprim, gentamicin, cephalothin, streptomycin, amoxicilin/clavulanic acid.
INTERESES SOCIALES PROTEGIDOS A TRAVÉS DEL BIEN JURÍDICO-PENAL DEL DELITO DE PUBLICIDAD ENGAÑOSA
Authors: Rodríguez Ferrández Samuel
Published: December 2021

Este artículo pretende describir los contenidos de los diferentes intereses sociales implicados en la persecución penal de la publicidad engañosa, que no son otros que el mercado, la libre y leal competencia dentro del mismo y, por último, los derechos de los consumidores y usuarios. Tal tarea se acomete con la ayuda del examen de las normas nacionales e internacionales que configuran el marco de referencia para la protección jurídica de tales intereses. Tras ello, se esboza cuáles son los diferentes perfiles del concreto contenido del bien jurídico penalmente protegido en el delito de publicidad engañosa en el Código Penal español y, finalmente, se concluye argumentadamente acerca de la legitimidad material de la decisión adoptada en su día por el legislador en orden a la persecución penal de comportamientos mendaces en la publicidad de productos ofertados en el mercado a los consumidores.
CONFIGURACIÓN ACTUAL DEL DELITO DE EUTANASIA A LA LUZ DE LA LEY ORGÁNICA 3/2021
Authors: Morillas Ferández David Lorenzo
Published: December 2021

La Ley Orgánica 3/2021, de 24 de marzo, de regulación de la eutanasia, ha supuesto una cambio absoluto no sólo en el ámbito sanitario sino también en la regulación penal al contemplar, entre otros aspectos, una cláusula exoneradora de la responsabilidad penal, la cual surtirá efecto cuando se practique de acuerdo a lo establecido normativamente, generando un nuevo marco típico diferenciado por la eutanasia punible y la no punible. En la presente investigación, se abordan y dotan de contenido ambas figuras desde un prisma legal y doctrinal dada la ausencia de jurisprudencia consolidada al respecto.
RÉGIMEN JURÍDICO DE LA PRODUCCIÓN ECOLÓGICA EN ESPAÑA. REUS Y AEDA. 2021
Authors: Cazorla González María José
Published: December 2021

Se analiza la legislacion internacional, comunitaria y nacional sobre producción ecológica incidiendo en las novedades aportadas desde el Reglamento comunitario de 2018.
Compliance of Legal Regulation of the Republic of Lithuania with the EU Resolution on COVID-19 Vaccines
Authors: Statkienė Erika , Šliažienė Renata
Published: December 2021

The aim of this article is to evaluate compliance of the legal regulation of the Republic of Lithuania with the EU resolution on Covid-19 vaccines. The main goal is to investigate the government implemented extraordinary legal measures to control the pandemic situation in Lithuania by processing the goal of planned COVID-19 vaccination quantities and to evaluate their compliance with the EU resolution on COVID-19 vaccine. By using qualitative analysis of scientific literature and documents, statistical data analysis, comparative method of legal acts analysis, the purpose to identify the possible consequences of inadequate legal regulation implementation, affecting observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms, have been exceeded. The article aims to indicate whether there are any unreasonable, over excessive, legal measures in Lithuanian government decisions in trying to control the epidemic and distribution of vaccinations, by implementing legal restrictions against non-vaccinated people. Also, whether legal measures are objectively discriminatory and what the risks of such implementation are. The goal of the research is to indicate the main imposing restrictions, such as non-provision of services, accessing them and getting free health services, not limiting employees to continue their work without the vaccination certificate, not allowing customers in supermarkets or restaurants etc., which causes certain differences between social groups, allowing a reasonable doubt for discriminatory manifestations to be raised, therefore indicating the violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the process.
Keywords: Lithuania, COVID-19, vaccination, restrictions on human rights.
Role of the WTO in the Development of International Trade and Economic Sustainability
Authors: Abuseridze Giga
Published: December 2021

In the article, the role of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in the development of international trade and economic sustainability has been analysed. The author explores specific challenges / factors that affect economic sustainability and fair trade as well as political economy of trade and negotiations as the tools of the WTO. It is argued that economic stability and the process of democratisation are essential to ensure international and fair trade. Under democracies those countries are implied where the rate of economic stability is high according to the principles established by international norms, i.e. where market economy, internal democracy, transparent trade system, human rights, trade neutrality, etc. are observed. Almost every country where these democratic norms are applied has trade partnerships with the others rather than conflicts. For international trade to occur it is essential to have a competitive market system in a country since competition is a characteristic feature of international trade that can be safeguarded through observation of democratic principles and political stability. Development of free trade by the WTO depends precisely on implementation of these fundamental principles. In view of the abovementioned factors, the article quite legitimately studies interconnection between the WTO and economic sustainability.
Keywords: Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights,
dispute settlement understanding, general agreements on tariffs and trade, regional trade agreements, World Trade Organisation.
Legislative Restrictions on Participation in Armed Conflicts in Latvia
Authors: Zahars Vitolds , Upeniece Vita
Published: December 2021

Regulation of the Republic of Latvia ensures limitation of both illegal participation in armed conflicts and gaining unwanted military experience. The article analyses norms of the Criminal Law and the National Security Law which restrict the service in the armed forces of other countries and participation in the armed conflicts. These norms have been studied in connection with the norms of the Citizenship Law and the Law On Participation of Latvian National Armed Forces in International Operations. The purpose of the article is to propose the possible solutions to the identified problems, by analysing the stated regulation, in order to reduce the possible unintentional violation of the regulation by individuals. The historical, analytical, systemic and teleological methods have been used in the preparation of the article.
Keywords: participation in the armed conflict, military service, Latvian citizenship,
non-citizen.
Current Issues of Construction Law
Authors: Bramanis Jānis , Načisčionis Jānis
Published: December 2021

Theoretically, the construction right affects all persons and the humanity in general since a situation is impossible that would prove the lack of this process, and as the area of economics, also different economic, political and legal thought development processes regulate consolidation of this legal discipline in the legal science. Construction right has consolidated over time as a legal discipline with its regulating subject – construction works and designing, including also the development of construction plan – designing, construction of the object, reconstruction or dismantling.
Keywords: construction, construction rights, permission, responsibility, construction
control.
Contemporary Challenges for a Philosophical Theory of War. An Exposé
Authors: Liebsch Burkhard , Staudigl Michael
Published: December 2021

English Editorial of the special Issue on Philosophical Theories of War: Contemporary Challenges and Discussions giving an overview of the latest state of the debate.
Rivalität, Affekt, Interesse. Ansatzpunkte einer materialistischen Kriegstheorie
Authors: Pollmann Christopher
Published: December 2021

In debate with Bernhard H. F. Taureck, Burkhard Liebsch and other authors, we try to develop a materialistic theory of war. Central to this are the rivalries between sovereign states, which have extended and become more complex in the course of globalization. Both political-economic and symbolic-emotional interests are bundled in them. The competition between states, only partially curbed by supranational authorities, also reflects in so-called international law. In contrast to the domestic legal system, this has indeed only limited legal character, as Thucydides’ famous Melian dialogue shows.
Im "Labyrinth der Legitimitäten" und Ethosanalyse. Carl Schmitt und Herfried Münkler über die neuen Kriege und Krieger
Authors: Mehring Reinhard
Published: December 2021

In the "Labyrinth of Legitimacy" and Ethos Analysis. Carl Schmitt and Herfried Münkler on the New Wars and New Warriors

 The article analyzes Münkler's continuation of Carl Schmitt's late work on international law in the book Kriegssplitter and emphasizes its divergent ethical approach.
Kriege und fatale Illusionen der Besiegbarkeit als Bedrohung. Metatheoretische Beobachtungen und Desiderate gegenwärtiger Philosophie kriegerischer Gewalt
Authors: Liebsch Burkhard
Published: December 2021

Wars and Fatal Illusions of Defeatability as a Threat. Metatheoretical Observations and Desiderata of a Contemporary Philosophy of Martial Violence

This essay deals with the question how war threatens us even when peace seems to reign. Refering to Heraklit, Kant, and recent theories of war, the author takes answers to this question into account especially with respect to the problem if it is possible to keep in check illusions which make us believe that one can get rid of enmity by way of 'final solutions'.
KÜLTÜRLERARASI İLETİŞİM SORUNLARI VE ÇÖZÜMLEME BECERİSİYLE TURİZMDE ALTERNATİF PAZAR OLUŞUMU
Authors: SEMİZ ÇELİK Derya
Published: December 2021

Ülke ekonomilerinde önemli bir gelir kaynağı olan turizm sektörü çevresel faktörlere oldukça duyarlı pazarlardır. Bu duyarlılık önemsenmemesi halinde ciddi pazar kayıplarına sebebiyet vermektedir. Pazar oluşumun zorluğu göz önüne alındığında mevcut pazarın kaybına izin verilmemesi gerekilmektedir. Turizmde yaşanılan öncül sorun farklı kültürlerin karşılaşmasıdır. Çeşitli amaçlar ile seyahat eden bir turist içine girdiği faklı kültürden bir toplum içinde zorluklar yaşayabilmekte hatta yaşadığı ya da yaşayabileceği sorun sebebiyle seyahatinden vazgeçebilmektedir. Kültürlerarası iletişimin sebep olacağı sorunlar ve ülkelerin bu sorunları çözümleme becerileri turistlerin olumsuz olan ya da olabilecek algılarını yenerek turizm pazarlarını devam ettirebilecek hatta yeni pazarlar oluşturmalarını sağlayacaktır. Bu amaçla bu çalışmada kültürlerarası farklılıklardan kaynaklı yaşanabilecek sorunlar, bu sorunlar karşısındaki tutumlar değerlendirilmiştir. Bu doğrultu da sorunlar karşısında geliştirilecek çözüm yolları ile turistlerin tutum ve davranışlar kültürel iletişim sorunlarını çözme anlamında kontrol altına alınabilecektir. Kontrol edilebilen pazar davranışları ile gerek mevcut pazarı koruma gerekse yeni pazar oluşturmaya ciddi destek sağlayacaktır
Manifestações oculares de doenças reumatológicas
Authors: Vasconcelos Luiz Valério Costa , Costa Beatriz Patriota Saraiva , Fortón Christian Armando Barreto , Bernardino Julia de Oliveira , Brayner Juliane Lima Fonseca , Braga Maria Gabriella Borges , Guizini Michelly , Gonçalves Nicole Gonzaga , Vasconcelos Rafael Barroso de , Moura Ariany de Assis
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: Analisar sobre as diversas alterações oculares relacionadas às doenças reumáticas, assim como discorrer sobre sua etiologia, fisiopatologia, manifestações clínicas, fatores de risco, abordagem diagnóstica e terapêutica. Revisão bibliográfica: As doenças reumáticas, designadas autoimunes, ocorrem quando o sistema imunológico reage contra células saudáveis, causando inflamações que acometem, principalmente, o sistema locomotor. O diagnóstico baseia-se na história e no exame físico, já que exames laboratoriais apresentam baixa sensibilidade e especificidade. Portanto, a identificação é árdua e muitas vezes pode ser confundida com outras patologias. Ademais, os pacientes que apresentam as doenças autoimunes podem desenvolver moléstias secundárias, e como exemplo, complicações oculares, entre elas a uveíte, ceratoconjuntivite seca, episclerite, esclerite, entre outras. Desse modo, as manifestações variam de acordo com o tipo de reumatismo expresso, assim como o tratamento a ser aplicado. Considerações finais: Os distúrbios reumáticos provocam manifestações oculares que devem ser acompanhadas por profissionais da área, a fim de prevenir e/ou diagnosticá-las.
Coronavirus disease 2019 associated stroke in a toddler – A case report
Authors: Sawhney Nikhita , Mendiratta Lalit , Gupta Neeraj
Published: December 2021

Background:

Stroke, an infrequent entity in children, usually presents with headache, reduced cognition, and seizures as frequent findings. The association of paediatric stroke with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is unknown with only a hand full of postulated hypotheses till date.

Clinical Description:

A 2-year-old child with sudden onset focal neurological deficits and high COVID antibody titters has been reported soon after a brief episode of cough and cold. Magnetic resonance imaging brain suggested infarct in posterior cerebral circulation. All other inflammatory markers and prothrombotic work-up were normal pointing toward a territorial affliction.

Management:

Child responded well to anticoagulants (low molecular weight heparin and aspirin) with complete neurological recovery.

Conclusion:

Possibility of COVID-19 associated regional endotheliitis is very high in the aforesaid toddler. Our case is the youngest reported case of paediatric stroke with a possible association with COVID-19.
Cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula accessed through a straightened superficial temporal vein
Authors: Shibata Teishiki , Nishikawa Yusuke , Kitamura Takumi , Mase Mitsuhito
Published: December 2021

Background:

Transvenous embolization through the inferior petrosal sinus (IPS) is the most common treatment procedure for cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula (CSDAVF). When the IPS is inaccessible or the CSDAVF cannot be treated with transvenous embolization through the IPS, the superficial temporal vein (STV) is used as an alternative access route. However, the approach through the STV is often challenging because of its tortuous and abruptly angulated course. We report a case of recurrent CSDAVF which was successfully treated using a chronic total occlusion (CTO)-dedicated guidewire and by straightening the STV.

Case Description:

A 63-year-old woman was diagnosed with CSDAVF on examination for oculomotor and abducens nerve palsy. She was initially treated with transvenous embolization through the IPS. However, CSDAVF recurred, and transvenous embolization was performed through the STV. A microcatheter could not be navigated because of the highly meandering access route through the STV. By inserting a CTO-dedicated guidewire into the microcatheter, the STV was straightened and the microcatheter could be navigated into a shunted pouch of the CS. Finally, complete occlusion of the CSDAVF was achieved.

Conclusion:

If an access route is highly meandering, the approach can be facilitated by straightening the access route with a CTO-dedicated guidewire.
Imaging evolution from “presyrinx” to syrinx in patient with spinal lipoma
Authors: Shimizu Kiyoharu , Mitsuhara Takafumi , Takeda Masaaki , Yamaguchi Satoshi
Published: December 2021

Background:

The evolution of syrinx formation has rarely been documented. Here, we report a patient whose “presyrinx” evolved on successive magnetic resonance (MR) images to a mature syrinx.

Case Description:

A patient had a lipoma and tethered cord at birth. At 3 weeks of age, he had undergone a partial removal of the lipoma and untethering of the spinal cord. At age 6, the thoracic MR images showed edema within the gray matter of the cord at the T7 level, consistent with a “presyrinx.” In addition, subsequent MR studies (i.e., at age 7) showed a small cavity in the right posterior horn of the cord accompanied by further expansion throughout the right-sided gray matter. Despite repeated cord untethering at age 7, the T7 parenchymal cord change evolved into a mature syrinx by age 10.

Conclusion:

An infant with a lipoma/tethered cord, despite two instances of cord detethering (i.e., ages 3 weeks and 7 years), showed continued MR evolution of a “presyrinx” to a mature syrinx by age 10.
PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN PRODUK PERBANKAN DAN IKNB SYARIAH DI KOTA PEKANBARU
Authors: Payabadar Fitri , Thamrin Husni
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh fenomena pandangan masyarakat Kota Pekanbaru yang masih beranggapan bahwasannya ekonomi syariah masih sama dengan ekonomi konvensional. Hanya saja ekonomi syariah hanya menggunakan margin dan ekonomi konvensional menggunakan bunga. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dan data yang digunakan ialah data primer dan sekunder. Pengumpulan data primer dilakukan melalui angket dan disebarkan kepada masyarakat kota pekanbaru, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari buku, internet, dan media-media lainnya. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode statistik deskriptif yaitu penyajian data dengan tabel, grafik, diagram lingkaran, dan persentase kemudian dideskriptifkan (dipaparkan). Populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 1.091.088 orang dan sampel sebanyak 100 orang. Dari 100 responden yang diteliti, 46,24% menyatakan sangat setuju, 39,58% menyatakan setuju, 12,25% menyatakan netral, 1,75% menyatakan tidak setuju, dan 0,16% menyatakan sangat tidak setuju. Hasil penelitian di analisis menggunakan rentang analisis deskriptif yakni terletak pada 46% yakni cukup baik. Rentang nilai cukup baik yakni 41% - 60%.
Mudharabah Dalam Pemikiran Ibnu Rusyd
Authors: Sri Kurnialis  , Husni Thamrin
Published: December 2021

Ibnu Rusyd merupakan salah satu pemikir besar dalam ekonomi Islam. Ibnu Rusyd banyak memberikan kontribusinya dalam khasanah dunia filsafat, baik filsafat yang berasal dari Yunani maupun yang berasal dari filosof-filosof Muslim. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Kepustakaan (Library Research). Dan yang dijadikan sebagai data primer dalam penelitian ini yakni data yang di peroleh langsung dari sumber utama yaitu literatur-literatur yang membahas tentang mudharabah dalam pandangan Ibnu Rusyd. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemikiran Ibnu Rusyd banyak memberikan kontribusinya dalam khasanah dunia filsafat, baik filsafat yang berasal dari Yunani maupun yang berasal dari filosof-filosof Muslim sebelumnya. Ibnu Rusyd dalam filsafatnya sangat mengagumi filsafat Aristoteles dan banyak memberikan ulasan-ulasan atau komentar terhadap filsafat Aristoteles sehingga ia terkenal sebagai komentator Aristoteles.
SABRİBEY Maltlık Arpa Çeşidinin Islah Hikayesi
Authors: YÜKSEL Soner , AKAR Taner , SAYİM İsmail , ERGÜN Namuk , AYDOĞAN Sinan , ŞANAL Turgay , GÜLER Safure , BELEN Savaş , SÖNMEZ Ali Cevat
Published: December 2021

Arpanın geniş alanlarda yetiştirildiği Orta Anadolu Bölgesi için maltlık kalitesi yüksek yeni çeşitlerin üretim alanlarına hızla girmesi ülke tarımına katma değer katacaktır. Arpa çeşit geliştirme çalışmaları kapsamında yapılan bir melezlemede CWB117-5-9-5/ST5819 hattı ile Kalaycı-97 çeşidinin iyi özelliklerinin bir çeşitte toplanması amaçlanmıştır. Anılan melez 1999 yılında F1 generasyonu, 2000-2003 yılları arasında açılan kademe materyali ve 2004 yılında gözlem bahçesi olarak denemeye alınmıştır. 2005 yılında ön verim ve 2006 yılında verim denemesine seçilmiştir. 2007 ve 2008 yılların da verim denemesi kademesinde yer alarak Eskişehir Karabayır lokasyonunda denenmiş ve ilk yıl 675 kg/da verim ile ilk sırada ikinci yıl ise 638 kg/da verim ile dördüncü sırada yer almıştır. Kışlık, iki sıralı ve yatmaya dayanıklı olan Sabribey çeşidi, verim ve kalite değerleri dikkate alınarak 2019 yılında maltlık arpa çeşidi olarak tescil edilmiştir. Sabribey arpa çeşidinin önemli özelliklerinden hektolitre ağırlığı 64.3-74.1 kg/hl, bin tane ağırlığı 30.8-31.9 g, tanede nişasta %60.9-64.9, tanede protein %9.4-13.9, 2.5+2.8 mm elek üstü %45.2-88.4, elek altı %2.4-5.0, irilik sınıfı 3-8, kavuz oranı %9.5-10.2, friabilite değeri %51.9-85.4, ince ekstrakt %75.2-78.9, hartong sayısı %35.7-37.0, kolbach sayısı %57.6-102 arasında değişmektedir.
Geçirimli Betonun İnfiltrasyon Performansının Ölçülmesi: Peynircioğlu Deresi Parkı, Mavişehir, İzmir
Authors: OZEREN ALKAN Merve , KAÇMAZ Gülşah , HEPCAN Serif , COSKUN HEPCAN Çiğdem
Published: December 2021

Geçirimli beton uygulaması kentlerde sürdürülebilir yağış suyu tesislerinden birisidir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, İzmir ili Mavişehir ilçesinde yer alan Peynircioğlu deresi kıyısındaki bisiklet ve yaya yolunda zemin kaplama malzemesi olarak kullanılan geçirimli beton uygulamasının geçirimlilik performansının basit ve güvenilir bir infiltrasyon testi ile ölçülmesidir.

Bu araştırmada geçirimli beton yüzeylerin infiltrasyon hızının ölçülmesinde Amerikan Test ve Malzeme Kurumu (American Society for Testing and Materials-ASTM International)’nun C1701/C1701M–09 koduyla yayınladığı Yerinde Geçirgen Beton İnfiltrasyon Hızı için Standart Test Yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Test altı farklı noktada uygulanmıştır.

Sahada yapılan testlere göre araştırma alanındaki geçirimli beton yüzeylerin infiltrasyon hızları 524-3194 mm/sa arasında değişmektedir. En hızlı infiltrasyon 3 numaralı test noktasında, en yavaş infiltrasyon ise 5 numaralı test noktasında gerçekleşmiştir.

Sonuç olarak; 2 ve 3 numaralı test noktalarında ölçülen değerler Amerikan Beton Enstitüsü’nün belirttiği alt sınıra oldukça yakın olmakla beraber, ölçülen hiçbir değer enstitüye göre kabul edilebilir değerler aralığı içinde değildir.