bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does Board Structure Matter in CSR Spending of Commercial Banks? Empirical Evidence from an Emerging Economy
Authors: Kumar Adhikary Bishnu , Kumar Mitra Ranjan
Published: July 2022

This chapter examines the impact of board elements on CSR spending by private commercial banks in an emerging economy, considering Bangladesh as a case. In doing so, we collected necessary data from the annual reports of 30 commercial banks listed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange, covering the period 2007–2020. In addition, we reviewed the patterns of CSR spending by commercial banks to understand the CSR universe in Bangladesh. We adopted the OLS model with two-way clustering to measure the effects of board elements on CSR spending. Our results confirm that factors, such as independent directors and board size, have a significant and positive relationship with CSR expenditures, while board gender deters the same. Also, board meetings do not have any significant connection with CSR spending. For control variables, factors, such as firm size and leverage, tend to promote the CSR spending of commercial banks, while profitability has no such relationship. As for the sectoral distribution of CSR funds, we found that although the absolute amount of CSR expenditures by banks has increased substantially over the years, they are primarily limited to health, education, natural disasters, and humanitarian activities. These findings are expected to have significant policy implications.
Covid-19 control measures and its impact on seafarers’ mental health
Authors: López López María N. , Campa Portela Rosa Mary de la , Bouza Prego María de los Ángeles , Sánchez Girón Javier Ramón
Published: July 2022

The appearance of COVID-19 in maritime transport has been an exceptional challenge for all stakeholders in this sector, mainly for seafarers who have been caught between the need to keep supply chains operational and the limitations imposed by administrations to prevent the spread of the virus. With these objectives in mind, international institutions and organizations have developed a long series of regulations that have emerged in parallel with the measures established to control the pandemic. This article compiles the recommendations and regulations on health management established for this sector, as well as the implications of this entire process on fatigue and stress in seafarers. 
Issues such as difficulties experienced in crew changes and repatriation, extended working hours, social isolation caused by mobility limitations in ports, limited medical equipment and services available, health care restrictions in some ports, the need to quarantine, and the possibility of being infected have been reported, among others, as causes of increased fatigue and stress among seafarers, as well as an upturn in anxiety, depression and other psychiatric disorders in this group.
Thus, despite the efforts of the international maritime community to regulate the problematic areas related to the outbreak of the pandemic with the aim of keeping seafarers free of coronavirus and facilitating the continuity of maritime transport, its levels of fatigue and stress have increased notably, demonstrating that these efforts have neither been sufficient nor effective regulations have been developed that specifically take into account how COVID-19 and actions aimed at the continuity of maritime transport have affected and may continue to affect seafarers’ mental health.
Bibliometric analysis of sustainable shipping in Web of Science database in 2020 and 2021
Authors: Žanić Mikuličić Jelena , Slišković Merica , Gudelj Anita , Ukić Boljat Helena
Published: July 2022

The word sustainable became more and more important in maritime affairs especially in shipping. It has strong impact on environmental, social and economic sector. Throughout the years the number of researches on sustainable shipping has increased and became often represented in scientific articles. Through the authors’ science mapping, it could be noticed that many papers on this topic were elaborated on and were given the systematic literature review for the period of ten years, precisely 2009-2019. In this paper, authors try to research how many articles with the term sustainable shipping had been published in the last two years. The term sustainable shipping was searched in keywords, publication titles and abstracts. The research resulted in 35 selected papers. The obtained scientific papers are categorized according to the following: Web of science Categories, Web of Science Index, Paper Document, Open Access, Research Area and Countries. The paper will try to give future research directions how to easily categorize hot research topics in the domain of the word sustainable or any other, which is of author’s interests.
An overview of innovations and technology for sustainable development of seaports
Authors: Mudronja Gorana , Aksentijević Dea , Jugović Alen
Published: July 2022

Seaports are important factors in global economies since most of the global trade is operated through maritime sector. Economic importance of seaports can be observed from various positive effects they produce for the area where they are located. At the same time, seaport activities create negative effects on the environment such as marine, air and soil pollution, waste production and noise generation that affect the health and quality of life of people. This paper analyses the possibility of achieving sustainable development of seaports through the development and implementation of innovations. The implementation of innovations in seaports affect the success of their operations, reduces business costs and creates conditions for maintaining a competitive position on the market; thereby affecting the economy as a whole. Moreover, innovations reduce negative effects on the environment thus affecting the ecological aspect and improve the quality of life of citizens, thus affecting the social aspect. The results of the research indicate that innovations in the maritime sector are mostly focused on the existing markets and include a discounted process of small improvements in the areas of vessel design and construction, fuel technology and port infrastructure. However, the development possibilities of seaports can also include innovations that are more focused on information and communication technologies (ICT). Innovations can address economic, social and environmental concerns and can give alternative guidelines for achieving sustainable development of seaports.
Analysis of imo 2020 and the adaptation of shipowners operating in Spain
Authors: Martínez Marín Jesús Ezequiel , Gutiérrez López Ruben , Fuentes Molina Ivette
Published: July 2022

Shipping sector has always been pointed as one of the most contaminant ways of transport and this can be debated extensively. Ships emit emissions that contribute to air pollution worldwide and IMO is concerned about the problems of shipping emissions and its hard working to make this sector cleaner and more environmentally friendly. To achieve this goal, the specialized UN agency is engaged in new regulations. One of the most important ones, which is the backbone of this study, is the new global sulphur limit for maritime shipping that entered into force last 1st of January 2020. Its main objective is the reduction of vessel’s emissions, especially SOX ones. Nowadays, all ships need to use bunkers with a sulphur content that does not exceed 0.5% m/m The entry into force of the new global sulphur limit for maritime shipping imposed by the International Maritime Organization, last 1st of January 2020, has supposed a huge change for all shipowners and for the whole sector. Several solutions to cope with this appeared on shipowners tables, who faced an important challenge choosing the one that suits them the most. This paper focuses on making a general overview about the existing academic research done on this topic. Its main objective consists in making a research to see how shipowners operating in Spanish ports have adapted their fleets and to obtain their feedback after these months since the implementation of the new sulphur limit.
Analysis and discussion of maritime accidents in the spanish fishing sector
Authors: Torné Reverté Alfredo , Isalgué Buxeda Antonio , Martínez de Osés Francesc Xavier
Published: July 2022

In recent years, we have studied the serious and very serious maritime accidents registered by the Spanish fishing sector in all its modalities and areas. In several cases, the results obtained are different from the hypotheses initially raised. At a global level, the problem of fishing accidents is observed practically all over the world, regardless of the level of development and there are various theories about them, but it does not cease to surprise that maritime transport is one of the forms of transport with the lower ratio of accidents referred to the transport carried out, while in the fishing sector the accident rate is much higher than in other industrial or productive sectors. Regarding the influence of the meteorological conditions, we observe that the maritime accidents of fishing boats in Spain occur mostly on theoretically good days, meteorologically speaking, in which the wind was very low, and the visibility was excellent, but the swell was considerable. On the other hand, the greatest number of accidents is concentrated on small vessels, in places very close to the coast, and in shallow depths. The combined effect of waves of considerable height, together with the decrease in the depth, causes them to rise, even more, this being one of the most determining factors of accidents in terms of the possibility of capsizing (overturning), which is the majority cause of accidents in small ships. Another significant fact is that mechanical causes are declared as affecting a very small number of accidents, which suggests that human error could be very present in the cause of accidents, especially on collision, boarding, and run aground accidents. Analysing the set of accidents, it can be seen that their typology is very varied, both at the level of the area, geographical location, modality, as well as the type of event and type of ship. All these facts make it difficult to think about the proposal and development of measures, besides the actual prescriptions, to avoid accidents, or to reduce the accident rate, which continues to be high and shows no signs of reducing when analysing the time series.
Open loop exhaust gas cleaning system and its effect over the Barcelona port water PH
Authors: Díaz Delgado Nelson , Martínez de Osés Francesc Xavier
Published: July 2022

Nowadays the air pollution prevention has become a priority objective in our society, but it is being expressly noteworthy into the maritime industry and shipping business. The last is because there is a strong regulatory framework which establishes requirements fuel oils used on board the ships must meet. Among these requirements we should note those regarding to the fuel oils with a sulphur content not exceeding that specified in regulation 14 of Annex VI Marpol Convention [1].
To deal with these requirements, some shipowners have chosen to use open-loop exhaust gas cleaning systems on board their ships. Main feature of these systems is regarding to the continuous discharges of wash water to the sea. One of the properties of this wash water is its low pH level, notably acid
This paper is talking about the Barcelona port water pH evolution, specifically from the South Basin port water, after receiving weekly 2-3 ships which are using the open-loop exhaust gas cleaning system and discharging residual wash water from the exhaust gas cleaning process on the port water.
The pH values of samples analyzed in the laboratory of the Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC) are presented in this paper. We will check the evolution of Barcelona South Basin port water pH level, the trend of pH port water and finally we are going to value the observed impact that has the use of open-loop exhaust gas cleaning systems on this port water.
Finally, we will analyse current situation and talk about the studies or research on this topic and the real need for improving the operation of open-loop exhaust gas cleaning systems, avoiding their contribution to the port water acidification.
The generosity with the reactive energy, avoids power blackouts of the electrical plants on board
Authors: Herrero Sabat Antonio , Rodrigo de Larrucea Jaime , Bosch Tous Ricardo , Medes García Joan
Published: July 2022

In ships, the generation of energy is carried out by generator sets and short distances with a direct connection between generation and consumption. Traditionally, a power plant is designed with efficiency criteria and for resistive loads, being able to not adequately supply the current higher than the nominal one that demands, during a few seconds the direct start of an electrical motor. Traditionally Power Factor is 0,8, for a better stability with modern electrical loads, electrical motor and electronic converters, should be 0,4 or less. The usual on-board synchronous alternators, generate significant voltage drops in the event of 200% overloads, due to their internal reactance. This reactance is much higher than that of a transformer of the same power, which is why the starting current of an electric motor with half the power of the alternator, generates a much larger voltage dip than when it is powered by a transformer in a network of infinite power. Our terrestrial formation tends to assume the voltage stability, associated with the power supply, with transformers and to ignore the internal voltage drop of the generator, associated with the reactive energy demanded by inductive loads or rotating electrical machines. The internal voltage drop of the alternator due to an overload can be compensated with the (AVR) system, which acts on the excitation of the alternator, increasing its electromotive force (e.m.f.). It has a reaction time of about 100 ms, which significantly reduces the motor's starting performance, lengthening its acceleration transient. A more powerful alternator, with a lower internal reactance, is the best solution to reduce voltage dips. It does not significantly penalize friction because it has very high efficiency. Economically, this oversizing is cheaper than doing it on the Diesel. This paper, based in the PhD works of Mr Antonio Herrero Sabat, entitled “Contributions to the Stability of Marine Power Generation Plants, with Flywheels “, pending defence in (FNB-UPC).
Briology studies in the northern region
Authors: Saldanha Larissa de Souza , Moura Osvanda Silva de , Lima Renato Abreu
Published: July 2022

This article is a literature review aimed at answering the following question: Over the past 30 years, research on bryophytes in northern states has intensified, allowing the identification and conservation of the biological diversity of bryophytes in this region. region? For data collection, we used the databases SCIELO, Google Scholar and sucupira platform. The inclusion criteria were defined as articles published between 1988 and 2018, and the exclusion criteria were articles from those 30 years old that were not located. States outside the northern region were excluded. Over the last 30 years, there were 186 scientific works, of which 58 articles were analyzed. Advances in Bryophyta research in the northern region are linked only to Brioflora's urban centers and surveys, so knowledge of the entire region is required for use in different areas of science.
Evaluation of inflammatory and oxidative profile in patients with recurrent wheezing
Authors: Nascimento Pricila Ferrari Moreira , Marques Emília Torres Costa , Brito Mirna Peçanha , Freitas Rodrigo de Barros , Almeida Palloma Porto , Bastos Daniel Silva Sena , Silva Eduardo de Almeida Marques da , Salgado Patrícia de Oliveira , Oliveira Leandro Licursi de , Cardoso Silvia Almeida
Published: July 2022

Wheezing is a clinical expression of numerous respiratory-related conditions. Although asthma is the leading cause of wheezing during childhood. The present study aims to evaluate the inflammatory and oxidative profile of pediatric patients with recurrent wheezing. Seventy-eight volunteers were divided into three groups according to their age (≤ 36, 36 to 72 and ≥ 73 months). Blood was collected for hematological evaluation, serum detections of total immunoglobulin E (IgE), and C-reactive protein (PCRus). The oxidative profile was evaluated by total antioxidant capacity (FRAP), malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonylated protein markers. There was no significant difference in the IgE and PCRus levels among the three groups evaluated. However, a significant positive correlation was observed for PCRus with total leukocyte and with neutrophils for the group of patients ≥ 73 months of age. The intermediate age group presented significantly reduced FRAP values in the serum, while significant values of oxidative damage markers were observed in the group of patients ≥ 73 months of age. When determining the correlation between inflammatory and oxidative markers, only the ≥ 73 months group showed significant. The group ≥ 73 months stands out with significant alterations of the oxidative stress markers and their correlations with the inflammatory profile.
Effect of supplementation with extract of white bean flour in murine model
Authors: Marques Emília Torres Costa , Coelho Patrizia Mello , Paula Alessandra Teixeira de , Bastos Daniel Silva Sena , Almeida Palloma Porto , Oliveira Leandro Licursi de , Cardoso Silvia Almeida
Published: July 2022

Common bean supplementation (Phaseolus vulgaris) "in natura" causes loss of body weight associated with a deficiency in nutrient absorption and histopathological changes. This effect has been attributed to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) present in high concentrations in red and white beans. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the safety of white bean flour as a dietary supplement. Animals were treated for 14 days with extract of white bean flour (WBFE) at doses of 2.65g/kg and 5.30g/kg. A significant reduction in body weight was observed, accompanied by the reduction of mean values of glycemia, in both groups in relation to the control group. Significant structural changes were also observed in the intestinal epithelium. Additionally, mice treated with WBFE 5.30g/kg presented mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate in the lamina propria of the intestinal mucosa accompanied by a dose-dependent increase in the dosage of chemokine MCP-1 and nitric oxide, although without causing intestinal and hepatic oxidative and oxidative damage.  The deleterious effects resulting from the use of the WBFE are not permanent since the treated animals after 14 days without WBFE stimuli. In conclusion, commercial bean flour did not prove to be safe as oral dietary supplementation at the dosages used because of the antinutritional and immunomodulatory effects.
Evaluation of the oxidative and inflammatory profile of patients with migraine
Authors: Vaz Aline Vasconcellos Martins , Cardoso Silvia Almeida , Oliveira Leandro Licursi de , Freitas Rodrigo de Barros , Almeida Palloma Porto , Ribeiro Paula Dutra , Bastos Daniel Silva Sena , Magalhães Lucas Vilas Bôas
Published: July 2022

Among one of the most commonly seen and primary headaches is migraine. Oxidative stress and inflammation is discussed to be implicated in the pathogenesis of migraine. However, further knowledge about this issue is necessary because data are in part controversial and the possible underlying mechanisms remain inconclusive to date. To evaluate and compare the oxidative and inflammatory profile of patients with migraine 47 volunteers were divided into 3 groups: 15 women with chronic migraine (WCM); 17 women with episodic migraine (WEM) and 15 men with migraine (MM) and enrolled in this study.Total antioxidant status; the enzymatic activity of the antioxidant agents Catalase (CAT), Glutathione S-transferase (GST) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD); oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonylated proteins; blood count and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio; uric acid, c-reactive protein and cholesterol total and fractions were determined in pacients with migraine in the interictal phase. The group male participants (MM) displayed a reduction in total antioxidant status, as well as a lower value for antioxidant enzymes, but had no significant alterations in markers related to damage by oxidative stress compared to women. These findings suggest that there is a difference in the oxidative profile between the sexes among migraine patients. This may allow a better understanding of patients profile with different migraine phenotypes and identify new markers that might help understanding the pathophysiology and migraine patient management.
Evaluation of antimicrobial use in the basic health units of Ponte Nova / MG
Authors: Lima Marcelo de Paula , Batista Rodrigo Siqueira , Moreira Tiago Ricardo , Gomes Andréia Patrícia
Published: July 2022

Antimicrobials are prescribed drugs in large quantity in Primary Care. The use of these has been highlighted in the policies to rationalize the use of medicines, for being more consumed and because these are drugs most wrongly and abusively used. The study das as an objective to evaluate the process of antibacterial therapy in primary health care of Ponte Nova/MG, identifying the classes of most used antimicrobials, the main bacterial infections, comparing them to the indications to antibacterial therapy protocols.  Field research was carried out in the Basic Health Units and in the Pharmacy of Minas, based on interviews guided by a survey, structured in a database with all the information collected through the program Epiinfo 7.2.1.0.   Amoxicillin was the antimicrobial that appeared the most in the prescriptions, followed by cephalexin, ciprofloxacin and azithromycin. Among the most identified infections are the urinary tract and upper respiratory tract. Brazil and the European countries presented the same antimicrobial consumption pattern.  The study illustrated the major problem currently presented, the considered increased risk of bacterial resistance, as it confirmed the abusive use of antimicrobials to treat infections.
Avaliação do desempenho na aquisição de dados meteorológicos de um estação de baixo custo para praticantes de desportos aquáticos
Authors: Sanches Sergio Roberto , Suski Cássio Aurélio
Published: July 2022

Os praticantes de desportos aquáticos ao ar livre necessitam informações sobre os elementos meteorológicos no local onde o praticam, porém, as informações disponíveis na maioria das vezes não levam em consideração as especificidades do entorno e não contemplam a situação real. O objetivo deste estudo é desenvolver uma estação meteorológica com transmissão de dados em tempo real, para um aplicativo de comunicação para aparelhos de celular dos praticantes de desportos aquáticos. A metodologia dividiu-se em três etapas: elaboração de um protótipo de estação meteorológica com sensores de baixo custo; comparação dos elementos meteorológicos obtidos no protótipo e na estação IFSC Campus Florianópolis e transmissão dos elementos meteorológicos medidos pelo protótipo via rede 4G, em tempo real. Os testes de campo e ajustes na fase de desenvolvimento da estação foram realizados no Campus Florianópolis do Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina (IFSC), por meio da comparação entre os dados da estação desenvolvida e de uma estação meteorológica portátil da marca Vaisala modelo WXT510. A transmissão dos dados se deu com o desenvolvimento de um módulo de comunicação acoplado a celular com tecnologia OTG. Como resultados, a comparação entre os elementos meteorológicos medidos entre as estações obteve-se correlação de Spearman de 0,972; 0,929; 0,989; 0,944 e 1, respectivamente para a velocidade do vento, direção do vento, temperatura do ar, umidade relativa do ar e pressão atmosférica, indicando que em todos os elementos meteorológicos medidos as séries temporais são fortemente correlacionadas.
Variação espaço-temporal e nictemeral dos parâmetros limnológicos no Delta do Jacuí, Lago Guaíba, RS, Brasil
Authors: Martins Marco Vinicius , Kapusta Simone Caterina , Poleto Cristiano
Published: July 2022

A água é um bem essencial à vida, participante da grande maioria dos processos ambientais e nas atividades humanas voltadas à produção, consumo e lazer. As avaliações dos parâmetros da água, contemplando os estudos sobre as variações espaço-temporais, as alterações nictemerais (modificações ao longo das 24h do dia) e a distribuição vertical desses parâmetros ao longo da coluna d´água, são importantes para o conhecimento sobre a qualidade da água e do entendimento dos processos ecológicos em ambientes aquáticos. A preocupação ambiental é crescente na bacia hidrográfica do Lago Guaíba, uma vez que o aporte de carga orgânica dos rios formadores, principalmente dos rios Gravataí e Sinos comprometem a qualidade da água no Delta do Jacuí. No presente trabalho foram avaliadas variáveis físicas e químicas da água em dois pontos amostrais, no canal esquerdo (Canal Navegantes) e no canal direito (Canal Jacuí), ambos localizados no Delta do Jacuí, em Porto Alegre e Eldorado do Sul, RS. Os valores de pH, oxigênio dissolvido, temperatura, turbidez e condutividade elétrica foram obtidos na coluna d’água em três profundidades (superficial, média, fundo), nos meses de setembro e novembro de 2019 e janeiro e fevereiro de 2020, com o auxílio de equipamentos portáteis, em um perfil de 24h. Através da análise de variância, verificou-se que para pH, os valores médios na água superficial foram significativamente mais elevados. Condutividade e OD espacialmente se diferiram. Por meio da correlação foram detectados valores positivos da temperatura com o pH (0,46), do pH com oxigênio (0,30) e negativo para condutividade e oxigênio dissolvido (-0,55). A análise de componentes principais (PCA), quando analisados o componente principal 1 e 2, juntos representam 75,62% de toda a variância dos dados. Para os meses, verificou-se diferença significativa entre todos. Os locais de amostragem evidenciaram inversão térmica em setembro e novembro e estratificação térmica e química em fevereiro.
Mathematical modeling in quantiﬁcation of [18F] FDG positron emission tomography images
Authors: Timm Nadine Skolaude , Hauser Eliete Biasotto
Published: July 2022

Técnicas para localizar e quantificar o metabolismo da glicose no cérebro usando modelagem compartimental, resolvendo sistemas de equações diferenciais comuns, requerem uma função de entrada (função de entrada), Ca (t). Para evitar procedimentos invasivos, como a coleta de amostras de sangue arterial, é possível obter Ca (t) da equação diferencial ordinária de primeira ordem Cr´ (t) = K1Ca (t) -K2Cr (t), onde Cr (t) descreve a concentração do radiofármaco em uma região de referência. Cr (t) é construído a partir de dados obtidos pelo processamento de imagens geradas por tomografia por emissão de pósitron (PET) com radiotraçadores. Neste trabalho, as carótidas foram escolhidas como região de referência, e técnicas de regressão foram aplicadas visando ajustar os dados das curvas discretas de atividade (TAC) obtidos por imagens de PET com o radiofármaco fluorodeoxiglicose [18F] FDG.
Reverse logistics in gas stations in the metropolitan region of Curitiba (Brazil)
Authors: Simões Mayara Fernanda , Stefanello Paulinho Rene , Silva Frederico Fonseca da , Fernandes Alexandre Machado
Published: July 2022

The National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS) established by Law 12,305/2010, mentions Reverse Logistics (RL) as a development tool for the return of the production cycle, and also presents instruments for shared responsibility for the life cycle of products. The RL of lubricating oils in post-consumption and return is linked to concern for the environment and sustainability in the business sphere. The aim of this study was to describe the RL process of gas stations and their tax benefits, through bibliographic and documentary research, in addition to an unstructured interview with professionals involved in the process and through a case study. It was found that compliance with environmental obligations imposed by the Government, such as the destination of used or contaminated lubricating oil packaging (OLUC), can be considered inputs that may generate PIS and COFINS credits, and the revenues obtained from the sale of the destination of OLUC may be considered as environmental revenues, as well as the structure of real estate to be measured as environmental assets.
Análise espaço-temporal da correlação entre focos de queimada, áreas de pastagem e produção bovina no estado de rondônia entre os anos de 2002 e 2016
Authors: Da Cruz Weliton Teixeira , Moreira Rodrigo Martins , Silva André Procópio Lima , Freire Gabriel Araújo Paes , Paranhos Filho Antônio Conceição , Ribeiro Alisson André
Published: July 2022

O modelo insustentável de uso e ocupação do solo no Estado de Rondônia é uma ameaça ao equilíbrio da biodiversidade, ciclos biogeoquímicos e prestação de serviços ecossistêmicos proporcionados pela floresta. Neste sentido, este artigo apresenta análises de correlação entre focos de calor, áreas de pastagem e produção bovina para o Estado de Rondônia. Foram elaborados produtos cartográficos para demonstrar as correlações espaciais, gráficos para demonstrar a série histórica e gráficos para demonstrar a correlação entre as variáveis. Devido a não aderência dos dados à normalidade, foi utilizado o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman (rho). Foram utilizados os programas ArcGis versão 10.1 e Jamovi versão 1.6. A correlação entre os focos de calor e produção bovina no Estado foi significativa, positiva e com tendência para fraca/moderada, sendo os valores de correlação 0,282 a 0,400; enquanto a correlação para as áreas dedicadas a pastagem em relação a focos de calor foi significativa, positiva e com tendência moderada, variando entre 0,485 a 0,633; na correlação entre produção bovina e área de pastagem observa-se uma correlação significativa, e com tendência positiva forte de 0,833 a 0,914. Pode-se concluir um aumento dos valores das variáveis ao longo da série histórica, bem como, observa-se correlação entre as mesmas. Neste cenário, é urgente a adoção de políticas públicas de planejamento territorial e fortalecimento das agências de fiscalização.
Chemical evaluation of carbonized logs from Araucariaceae species: characterization of materials associated to multivariate analysis for environmental inferences
Authors: Lara Daniela Mueller , Uhl Dieter , Jasper André , Stulp Simone
Published: July 2022

The main objective of this study was to develop a methodology to evaluate, by physical and chemical methods, artificially charred logs from three species of Araucariaceae, and compare them fossil charcoal collected in the Faxinal and Belvedere outcrops for possible paleoenvironmental inferences. The species studied were Araucaria angustifolia, Araucaria bidwillii and Araucaria columnaris. For fossil charcoal analyses we used samples from the Mina do Faxinal and samples from the Curva do Belvedere Outcrop. The carbonization process from species of Araucariaceae were Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) associated to the techniques of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and multivariate analysis. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that it is possible to describe 90,9% of the data, grouping the samples into two main clusters. Both samples of fossil charcoal from Belvedere and Faxinal showed charring characteristics above 400ºC. Results showed that technical associations, such as TGA, FTIR and multivariate analysis may help to characterize the natural carbonization process and contribute to important paleoenvironmental and archaeological information and inferences.
Determination of pesticides in hydroponic water for environmental phytoremediation
Authors: Rosa Anderson da Silva , Ramborger Bruna Piaia , Zago Maria Luisa Candido , Escoto Dandara Fidélis , Denardin Elton Luis Gasparotto , Roehrs Rafael
Published: July 2022

This study validated a simple, and fast method by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detector (HPLC -DAD) for pesticide phytoremediation analysis. The method was developed in water and in a hydroponic medium. Sample extraction and concentration were performed by Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) with Strata C18-E type cartridges. The SPE-HPLC-DAD method was successfully applied in the detection and quantification of quinclorac, 2,4-D, propanil, bentazon, clomazone and tebuconazole in water and hydroponic medium for 14 days. The method presented excellent results with the linearity of 0.9969 - 0.9994 and the lowest limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of pesticides was 1.7 μg/L and 5.0 μg/L, respectively with RSD <11.92%. The average recovery obtained ranged from 77.62% to 109.73% and RSD <12.70%. A Lactuca sativa species promoted phytoremediation on the 7th day for 2,4-D and tebuconazole and on the 14th day for clomazone.
Study of the temporal variation of offshore wind energy potential in southeast Brazil
Authors: Coriolano Thiago Ribeiro , Signorelli Natália Tasso , Lugon Junior Jader , Moreira Marcos Antonio Cruz , Silva Maria Gertrudes Alvarez Justi da
Published: July 2022

Global energy consumption has grown over the years marked by technological development and industrialization. Renewable sources have gained prominence due to climate urgency and international agreements that aim to reduce CO2 emissions across the planet. In this regard, wind energy, already consolidated in the onshore region, has evolved offshore regions. In Brazil, there is a growing interest in offshore wind projects. Many of these projects are currently through the environmental licensing process, mostly in the southeastern region of the country. It is known that this area has a relevant wind energy potential. This area is dynamically dominated by the South Atlantic Subtropical Height, the main meteorological phenomenon in the region, which has been affected by recent changes in the global atmospheric circulation. This work aims to evaluate the temporal variation of offshore wind potential in southeastern Brazil. ERA5 reanalysis hourly outputs from 1979 to 2020 were evaluated through high-level computational tools (python and CDO programming languages and GIS software) and consolidated statistical analysis mechanisms. A general decrease in the frequency of low wind speed records (≤7.5 m·s−1) and a raise in the higher wind speed range (>7.5 m·s−1), mainly related to the intensification and expansion of the South Atlantic Subtropical Height (SASH) over the past 40 years, were observed and affected the estimates of offshore wind potential over the analyzed region. Apart from the coast of São Paulo and the south coast of Rio de Janeiro, there was a consistent increase in the wind power density over decades. The four analyzed points presented an increase of 1.55 W·m−2·y−1 to 1.89 W·m−2·y−1, which corresponds to an increase of 8.2% to 11.2% in the median wind power density.
Assessment of the potential use of construction and demolition waste as a component for the recovery of areas degraded by mining
Authors: Santos Ivanete Bueno Cardozo , Tubino Rejane Maria Candiota , Santos Rogério Pires
Published: July 2022

The evolution of modern civilization brings with it a series of challenges regarding the management of its waste. Proper disposal of construction and demolition waste (CDW) has become a challenge across the planet. Parallel to this challenge, there is another, that of recovering areas degraded by mining. The objective of the present work was to characterize through X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) samples of CDW collected during the period from October 2018 to October 2019 in a recycling plant and to determine its potential as an element in the production of soils in the recovery of areas degraded by mining. Calcite and quartz were found in the CDW samples, as well as trace elements such as Fe, Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni, essential elements for plant nutrition, capable of restoring the chemical and physical conditions of soils. The results obtained showed that Chromium (Cr) and Barium (Ba) elements were found above the limits of CONAMA Resolution 420/2009 (Brazil). A comparison was made with Orden AAA/661/2013 (Spain), which guides the disposal of CDW in mining areas as a form of final disposal and mine closure. The presence of heavy metals is considered normal in Brazilian soils, some being considered essential micronutrients. The results provide data to affirm that the CDWs can be used in soil production to recover areas degraded by mining, through the application of tests on a larger scale and with a soil-water-plant interface.
Uso de filtro de carvão ativado em poço de infiltração para retenção de contaminantes metálicos presentes no ambiente urbano
Authors: Souza Jhonatan Matos de , Poleto Cristiano , Lázaro Wilkinson Lopes , Santos Francisco Lledo dos
Published: July 2022

Nas cidades, o alagamento impacta negativamente a vida de seus moradores e transeuntes, que ficam impossibilitados de se deslocarem durante o fenômeno de chuvas intensas, havendo ainda potenciais perdas humanas e bens materiais, coexistindo ao risco de contaminação através do contato direto ou indireto com a água retida na via. Com a premissa de atender essa problemática, esta pesquisa traz, como alternativa estrutural, o uso do poço de infiltração adaptado para a mitigação do alagamento, adjunto de forma paralela ao sistema de drenagem pública de águas pluviais, capaz de promover a restituição do recurso hídrico ao lençol freático através da infiltração e notadamente, livre de poluentes externos. Deste modo, foi previsto o uso nesta estrutura como material filtrante o carvão ativado granular, para a retenção de contaminantes presentes na superfície urbana impermeável, por exemplo, metais pesados como Chumbo (Pb), Cromo (Cr), Cadmio (Cd) e Níquel (Ni), sendo a eficiência desse filtro avaliada através de um comparativo com os resultados obtidos em amostras de água de escoamento superficial, correspondentes ao período chuvoso para um ambiente urbano delimitado na cidade de Cuiabá-MT. Pôde-se concluir que cada grama de material filtrante possui uma capacidade de retenção de contaminantes como Pb e Cd, respectivamente de 12,05 mg e 30,58 mg, acima das concentrações observadas em campo, de modo que tal material apresenta condição para a remoção de ainda mais compostos metálicos, conferindo maior segurança a saúde humana e ao ambiente, enquanto os elementos Cr e Ni não foram encontrados em concentrações significativas, não oferecendo, portanto, risco as águas subterrâneas ou havendo a necessidade de um processo de filtragem.
Anaerobic treatment of sugarcane vinasse pretreated with a calcium-based biopolymer
Authors: Rocha Vinícius Carvalho , Santos Carla Eloísa Diniz dos , Silva Rodrigo Soares Garcia da , Pires Eduardo Cleto
Published: July 2022

This study investigated the influence of a previous sugarcane vinasse coagulation, by using a calcium-based biopolymer, on anaerobic treatment in a lab-scale reactor. Two anaerobic reactors (R1 and R2) were operated for 155 days. R1 was fed only with raw sugarcane vinasse and R2 was fed with pretreated effluent. The operation was divided into three stages: E1 (inoculation and adaptation); E2; and E3. The major difference between E2 and E3 was the fact that R2 failed at the end of E2. Thus, R2 was recovered by applying a low organic loading rate (OLR) of raw vinasse for 29 days. In E2 and E3, for both reactors, pH, alkalinity, COD (influent and effluent samples), and methane production were monitored. During E1, an OLR of 2.0 kgCOD. m-3.d-1  1 was applied, and R1 and R2 sludges showed good adaptation to the wastewater in this condition. Then, the OLR was progressively increased to 7.0 kgCOD.m-3.d-1 in both systems. The average COD removal efficiencies were 82.9 ± 4.4% and 72.2 ± 18.1% for R1 and R2, respectively. R2, operated with pretreated vinasse, showed a decrease in the COD removal and methane production, which could be caused by the biopolymer presence. The average COD removal efficiencies in E3 were 77.5 ± 9.4% and 79.2 ± 9.7% for R1 and R2, respectively. After 155 days of operation, a decrease in the COD removal and methane production was identified again in R2, indicating a new failure. The quality of sludge granules from the inoculum and also from the granules developed at the end of R1 and R2 operation was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). These analyses indicated a rise in the rugosity of R1 and R2 granules, possibly due to the deposition of sedimentable compounds present in both raw and pretreated vinasse. The EDS analyses indicated a high presence of calcium in R2 granules, indicating that this compound acted in the reduction of mass transfer between organic load from vinasse and the granules’ microbiota.
Flood analysis in the Canoas, Sertão, and Mampituba rivers in the South of Brazil through hydrological and hydrodynamic modeling
Authors: Fiegenbaum Ives , Galatto Sérgio Luciano , Fagundes Marina Refatti , Simão Gustavo , Pereira Mariluci , Pont Cristiane Bardini Dal , Lima Bruna Borsatto , Pereira Jori Ramos , Back Álvaro José
Published: July 2022

Floods that occur in hydrographic basins with high slopes are more susceptible to natural hazards due to the occurrence of high intensity hydrological events and the type of sloping relief. These two associated factors contribute to an increase in the destructive potential of these regions, causing economic damage and loss of life for people and animals. This study sought to assess the floodplain areas in the Canoas, Sertão, and Mampituba Rivers that contribute to the Mampituba River basin in southern Brazil, to support emergency procedures for dealing with floods and contribute to the territorial management of these spaces. From the hydrological data of the Mampituba River basin, a hydrological model was used, which generated flows that were inserted as input to a hydrodynamic model, resulting in flood patches in the plains of the modeled rivers. The calibration and integration studies of the models were carried out on a computational platform that employs the hydrometeorological knowledge represented by the models of the basin under study. The hydrodynamic modeling represented in the maps indicated that the flooding patches occur within the river channels and in the plains occupied by agriculture, with a predominance of irrigated rice paddies, pasture fields, forestry, urbanized areas, and native vegetation. In the urban region along the floodplains of the Praia Grande and Mampituba Cities, there are inns, restaurants, and residences which can suffer structural damage and expose people to the danger of a flood event of this magnitude. The results achieved allow us to infer that the integrated modeling system proved to be capable of performing efficient hydrological and hydrodynamic simulations. The methods used can be replicated in other basins and the results can support public managers for greater assertiveness in decision-making when facing the dangers of extreme weather events.
Small-Scale Wetland Model for Synthetic Sewage Treatment
Authors: Kuriki Mikaele Silva , Santos Francisco Lledo , Poleto Cristiano
Published: July 2022

With the demand for electricity growing, the migration to renewable sources is a reality. In distributed generation, photovoltaic systems are a renewable and sustainable alternative to the main energy sources to generate electricity. Monitoring a photovoltaic system over its operating time guarantees its good performance. This requires solar radiation and temperature data measured at the installation site or the use of solarimetric stations databases. However, the differences between the results simulated with databases and with data measured at the installation site are not widely known, which would be the ideal case from a technical point of view. The aim of this study was to verify the feasibility of monitoring the performance of a 2.5 kWp photovoltaic system located in the city of Porto Alegre - Brazil using the System Advisor Model (SAM) modeling tool and a public database. Simulation results were compared using data provided by a station of the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) with the results obtained with data measured at the site of the photovoltaic system. Differences were verified between the solar radiation measured on site and that of the INMET database, and the difference in accumulated radiation was 9.2% for the entire period analyzed. When comparing the measured and simulated alternating current energy using the radiation and temperature data measured on site for the non-shading time, it was found that the difference between the results was 0.5%. Using the INMET climate file, the monthly differences ranged from -6% to 14% and the difference in accumulated energy for the entire measurement period was 2.5%. The results showed that the use of a database measured by a public solarimetric station close to the site, in this case approximately 6 km away from the installation, is feasible for monitoring photovoltaic systems, since the differences found were not significant. This monitoring can identify system failures and performance loss over time.
The use of bacteria for bioremediation of environments contaminated with toluene: a molecular docking analysis
Authors: Rangel Eduarda Medran , Silva Estela Fernandes e , Macagnan Karine Laste , Ribeiro Louise Vargas , Cardoso Tainã Figueiredo , Garcez Daiana Kaster
Published: July 2022

Bacteria can be helpful organisms for environmental decontamination through bioremediation processes. Among the environmental contaminants, toluene is one of the compounds present in gasoline and can be toxic in the aquatic environment, causing significant damage to organisms in this ecosystem. The detailed understanding of the main proteins and processes involved in cellular bioremediation pathways is little explored, which encourages studies in the area to optimize these processes. The ABC transporter system is involved in the transport of a wide variety of inorganic compounds and complex organic molecules. Molecular docking (DM) is an in silico methodology in which two molecules are joined (receptor versus ligand), and the chemical characteristics of this bond are verified. possibilitando identificar espécies promissoras para a biorremediação do tolueno.Thus, through the molecular docking tool, this study aimed to evaluate the interaction between toluene and ABC transporters of bacterial species of Staphylococcus aureus and Thermotoga maritima, enabling the identification of promising species for toluene bioremediation. For the DM, UCFS Chimera software (for the elimination of heteroatoms and production of 3D images), AutoDock Tools (for preparation of proteins and toluene for docking), AutoDock Vina (for docking per se), and LigPlot + (for checking amino acids and types of binding between molecules) were used. The binding energy between ABC transporters and toluene was similar for both species, being -5.2 Kcal/mol for S. aureus and -5.5 Kcal/mol for T. maritima. The number of transporter amino acids bound to toluene differed for the two species: S. aureus bound through three amino acids, while T. maritima bound through seven amino acids. The results presented in this study demonstrate that both species evaluated are promising for in vitro and in vivo studies for toluene bioremediation.