bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dispersion Analysis of Risk Factors for Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Babayev F.
Published: September 2020

Risk factors for chronic kidney disease include diabetes mellitus, hypertension, autoimmune diseases, urinary tract infections, urolithiasis, urinary tract obstruction, toxic effects of drugs, cardiovascular diseases, etc. In order to study the effect of several risk factors on the development of chronic kidney disease and the role of each factor in comparison with the proportion of their effect on the final result, a dispersion analysis was carried out. It was revealed that the development of chronic kidney disease in men is influenced by diabetes mellitus (H/h=+0.69), diabetic nephropathy (H/h=+0.71), obesity (H/h=+0.36), arterial hypertension (H/h=+0.70), coronary heart disease (H/h=+0.62), renal stone disease (H/h =+0.37), urolithiasis (H/h=+0.41), chronic pyelonephritis (H/h=+0.39), chronic glomerulonephritis (H/h=+0.81), polycystic kidney disease (H/h=+0.68), autoimmune diseases (H/h=+0.67). In women, diabetes mellitus (H/h=+0.70), diabetic nephropathy (H/h=+0.73), obesity (H/h=+0.45), arterial hypertension (H/h=+0.71), ischemic heart disease (H/h=+0.52), urinary tract infections (H/h=+0.63), renal stone disease (H/h=+0.35), urolithiasis (H/h=+0.36), chronic pyelonephritis (H/h=+0.47), chronic glomerulonephritis (H/h=+0.79), polycystic kidney disease (H/h=+0.59), iron deficiency anemia (H/h=+0.37), autoimmune diseases (H/h=+0.66). Variance analysis revealed direct strong and average correlation relationships of risk factors according to the validity of their negative influence in men, with the exception of urinary tract infection and iron deficiency anemia, where weak correlation relationships were revealed. In women, direct strong and average correlations of all risk factors in the validity of their negative effects were identified. Increasing the wariness of doctors at the primary level in identifying risk factors and its timely correction will reduce the incidence of chronic kidney disease.
Sweeteners in Diabetes Mellitus Diet
Authors: Evseev A.
Published: September 2020

According to the statistics submitted by the World Health Organization, sugar consumption has been constantly increasing worldwide. Craving for sugary foods is a fairly common form of addiction. Poor nutrition, caused by external and internal factors, provokes an increase in the incidence of obesity, arterial hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. This deadly triad annually takes hundreds of thousands of lives across the globe, since the pathologies listed above often go hand in hand, being interconnected. The article discusses the problem of using artificial and natural sweeteners in diet therapy for diabetes mellitus. Nutritionists around the world are concerned about how to preserve the usual sweet taste of dishes and drinks for patients with diabetes, on the one hand, yet avoiding additional harm to their health, and possibly improving the quality of diabetic life, on the other. The author summarized the materials on recent clinical studies on the subject discussed. The article analyses the four sweeteners most commonly used by diabetics: fructose, sorbitol, xylitol and honey stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) leaf powder. Considerable attention is paid to the history of the appearance of each of the substances and medicinal raw materials studied. The author indicates their safe properties and possible disadvantages of use, as well as side effects.
Organoleptic Evaluation of Butter. Features of Conducting and Interpreting Results
Authors: Guseva T. , Soldatova S. , Karanyan O.
Published: September 2020

The article describes the features of the organoleptic assessment and interpretation of the results of butter. The organoleptic and physico-chemical characteristics of food products change over time. The analysis of the qualitative properties of the product is given for all the main parameters. In conclusion, the authors concluded that in addition to the input, there should be a periodic control during storage.
THE EFFECT OF PLACEMENT AND WORK CLIMATE ON EMPLOYEE WORK PRODUCTIVITY IN NATIONAL EDUCATION AUTHORITIES EAST OKU DISTRICT
Authors: Margahana Helisia
Published: September 2020

This study aims to analyze partially and jointly the effect of placement, work climate on employee productivity and to analyze the most dominant variables in influencing the work productivity of employees at the East OKU District National Education Office, the results of regression analysis and the correlation between job placement and work climate. employees show a regression model. The results showed that joint placement (X1) and work climate (X2) had a significant effect on work productivity (Y), but had a more dominant effect on the work climate, namely Ŷ = 5.309 + 0.683X1 + 0.292X2 + e with a coefficient of 0.911 at 95% confidence level, found that placement and climate can simultaneously predict employee productivity. For the East OKU Regency National Education Office, in building employee work organizations, organizations that play an important role, employees who need a conducive and comfortable climate. Organizational climate can be measured by the sense of responsibility that everyone has, as well as how work standards and job expectations are generated. Employees need rewards for recognition of their work. Efforts to increase employee productivity, leaders must place employees according to their educational background with their field of work, increase employee productivity, listen to employee suggestions and opinions, provide motivation, are reliable and involve the role of employees so that employees can show better performance.
Protest Event Data from Geolocated Social Media Content
Authors: Steinert-Threlkeld Zachary , Joo Jungseock
Published: September 2020

While it is understood that protester identity, violence, and emotions affect the size of protests, these concepts have proved difficult to measure at the protest-day level. Geolocated text and images from social media can improve these measurements. This advance is demonstrated on protests in Venezuela and Chile; it uncovers more protests in Venezuela and generates new measures in both countries. Moreover, the methodology generates daily city-day protest data in 107 countries containing 82.7% of the world’s population and 97.15% of its GDP. These multimodal protest event data complement existing event datasets, though countries’ population and income constrain the reach of any methodology.
Local Effects of State Takeovers: Drinking water systems in Michigan
Authors: Hughes Sara , Dick Andrew , Kopec Anna
Published: September 2020

This paper is motivated by the growing use of state takeovers of local units of government and the growing financial precarity of many U.S. cities. Takeover policies have been shown broadly to disproportionately target low income and minority communities and to prioritize service reduction and cost cutting measures. Michigan's state takeover policy, Public Act 436, has come under particular scrutiny due to its role in the Flint water crisis. In this paper, we examine the implementation of PA 436 to determine if majority-black cities in financial distress have been more likely to trigger the provisions of Public Act 436. We then use case studies to determine the consequences of emergency management for drinking water services. Our findings have implications for the study of state takeovers and their local effects, and for the evaluation of Michigan’s Public Act 436, which remains in place despite significant controversy.
Physiological and Nutraceutical Quality of Green and Red Pigmented Lettuce in Response to NaCl Concentration in Two Successive Harvests
Authors: Carillo Petronia , Giordano Maria , Raimondi Giampaolo , Napolitano Francesco , Di Stasio Emilio , Kyriacou Marios C. , Sifola Maria Isabella , Rouphael Youssef
Published: September 2020

Nutritional eustress such as salinity or nutrient stress applied in soilless systems, is a convenient pre-harvest factor efficient in modulating the phytochemical components of horticultural crops, by triggering defensive mechanisms and accumulating plant secondary metabolites in plants tissues. Nevertheless, genetic material (cultivars with different pigmentation) dictates lettuce metabolites and physiological response to extrinsic eustress, with red leaf cultivars being highly nutrient packed notwithstanding the stress. Product quality can be meliorated equally by applying several cuts, a practice proven to increase bioactive compounds accumulation. In this study, we analyzed the effects of four salinity levels (1, 10, 20 and 30 mM NaCl) on green and red pigmented Salad Bowl lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. acephala) in two successive harvests cultivated in a floating raft system. The morphological parameters, mineral composition, leaf gas exchanges, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity of both cultivars were assessed. The green cultivar exhibited superior crop productivity but was more prone to salinity effect than the red cultivar. Irrespective of cultivar and cut order, the net photosynthesis decreased with increasing salinity in the nutrient solution. The second cut incurred higher dry biomass, greater accumulation of most minerals and higher photosynthetic activity. In red lettuce, 20 mM NaCl proved adequate eustress to increase phytonutrients and beneficial minerals (K, Ca, and Mg) with minimal loss of yield. Mild salinity and sequential harvest have proven effective pre-harvest tools in positively modulating the quality of lettuce. Eustress interaction with genotype was demonstrated as a promising field for future breeding programs targeting select genotypes for agronomic application of eustress to improve the nutraceutical value of vegetable crops.
Effects of Drought and Heat on Photosynthetic Performance, Water Use and Yield of Two Selected Fiber Hemp Cultivars at a Poor-Soil Site in Brandenburg (Germany)
Authors: Herppich Werner B. , Gusovius Hans-Jörg , Flemming Inken , Drastig Katrin
Published: September 2020

Hemp currently regains certain importance as fiber, oil and medical crop not least because of its modest requirements of biocides, fertilizer and water. During recent years, crops were exposed to a combination of drought and heat, even in northern Central-Europe. Dynamic responses of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance to these stresses and their persistent effects had been studied, if at all, in controlled environment experiments. Comprehensive field studies on diurnal and long-term net photosynthesis and gas exchange, and yield properties of hemp during a drought prone, high-temperature season in northern Central-Europe are obviously missing. Thus, in whole season field trails, the essential actual physiological (rates of net photosynthesis and transpiration, stomatal conductance, water use efficiencies, ambient and internal CO2 concentrations) and the yield performance of modern high-yielding multi-purpose hemp cultivars, ‘Ivory’ and ‘Santhica 27’, were evaluated under extreme environmental conditions and highly limited soil water supply. This provides comprehensive information on the usability of these cultivars under potential future harsh production conditions. Plants of both cultivars differentially cope with the prevailing climatic and soil water conditions. While ‘Ivory’ plants developed high rates of CO2 gain and established large leaf area per plant in the mid-season, those of ‘Santhica 27’ utilized lower CO2 uptake rates at lower leaf area per plant most time. This and the higher germination success of ‘Santhica 27’ resulted in nearly twice the yield compared to ‘Ivory’. Although stomatal control of CO2 gain was pronounced in both cultivars, higher stomatal limitations in ‘Ivory’ plants resulted in higher overall intrinsic water use efficiency. Cultivation of both hemp cultivars with only basic irrigation during seed germination was successful and without large effects on yield and quality. This was valid even under extremely hot and dry climatic conditions in northern Central Europe.
Molecular Mechanisms of KDELC2 on Glioblastoma Tumorigenesis and Temozolomide Resistance
Authors: Tsai Yu-Ling , Chang Hsin-Han , Chen Ying-Chuan , Chang Yu-Chan , Chen Ying , Tsai Wen-Chiuan
Published: September 2020

The activation of the Notch pathway induces glioblastoma (GBM) development. Since KDEL (Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu) containing 2 (KDELC2) is involved in the Notch pathway, the detailed mechanism is still undetermined. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) databases revealed that KDELC2 mRNA was associated with oncologic factors of GBM. U87, LN229, LNZ308, U118MG, and GBM8401 cells showed higher KDELC2 expression than normal brain tissues. The results of MTT, wound healing, and invasion assays proved that KDELC2 knockdown suppressed GBM-aggressive behaviors. The inhibitory properties of GBM stemness and angiogenesis under KDELC2 knockdown were evaluated by tumor spheroid and tube formation assays. Suppression of KDELC2 downregulated Notch factors’ expressions, including KDELC1, pofut1, Notch receptors 1–3, and HES-1. Immunoblot assay showed that KDELC2 knockdown promoted tumor apoptosis by downregulating PI3k/mTOR/Akt, MAPK/ERK, and NF-kB pathways. The combination of KDELC2 knockdown and temozolomide (TMZ) treatment had an optimal therapeutic effect by suppressing MGMT expression. Results of an orthotopic xenograft animal model and human tissue confirmed that KDELC2 correlated with glioma proliferation, advanced grades, and poor prognosis. Therefore, KDELC2 might be a potential pharmacological target to inhibit tumorigenesis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and chemo-resistance of GBM.
Mapping Temperate Forest Phenology Using Tower, UAV, and Ground-Based Sensors
Authors: Atkins Jeff W. , Stovall Atticus E. L. , Yang Xi
Published: September 2020

Phenology is a distinct marker of the impacts of climate change on ecosystems. Accordingly, monitoring the spatiotemporal patterns of vegetation phenology is important to understand the changing Earth system. A wide range of sensors have been used to monitor vegetation phenology, including digital cameras with different viewing geometries mounted on various types of platforms. Sensor perspective, view-angle, and resolution can potentially impact estimates of phenology. We compared three different methods of remotely sensing vegetation phenology—an unoccupied aerial vehicle (UAV)-based, downward-facing RGB camera, a below-canopy, upward-facing hemispherical camera with blue (B), green (G), and near-infrared (NIR) bands, and a tower-based RGB PhenoCam, positioned at an oblique angle to the canopy—to estimate spring phenological transition towards canopy closure in a mixed-species temperate forest in central Virginia, USA. Our study had two objectives: (1) to compare the above- and below-canopy inference of canopy greenness (using green chromatic coordinate and normalized difference vegetation index) and canopy structural attributes (leaf area and gap fraction) by matching below-canopy hemispherical photos with high spatial resolution (0.03 m) UAV imagery, to find the appropriate spatial coverage and resolution for comparison; (2) to compare how UAV, ground-based, and tower-based imagery performed in estimating the timing of the spring phenological transition. We found that a spatial buffer of 20 m radius for UAV imagery is most closely comparable to below-canopy imagery in this system. Sensors and platforms agree within +/− 5 days of when canopy greenness stabilizes from the spring phenophase into the growing season. We show that pairing UAV imagery with tower-based observation platforms and plot-based observations for phenological studies (e.g., long-term monitoring, existing research networks, and permanent plots) has the potential to scale plot-based forest structural measures via UAV imagery, constrain uncertainty estimates around phenophases, and more robustly assess site heterogeneity.
Identifying Factors of Students’ Failure in Blended Courses by Analyzing Students’ Engagement Data
Authors: Georgakopoulos Ioannis , Chalikias Miltiadis , Zakopoulos Vassilis , Kossieri Evangelia
Published: September 2020

Our modern era has brought about radical changes in the way courses are delivered and various teaching methods are being introduced to answer the purpose of meeting the modern learning challenges. On that account, the conventional way of teaching is giving place to a teaching method which combines conventional instructional strategies with contemporary learning trends. Thereby, a new course type has emerged, the blended course in the context of which online teaching and conventional instruction are efficiently mixed. This paper demonstrates a way to identify factors affecting students’ critical performance in blended courses through a binary logistics regression analysis on students’ engagement data. The binary logistics regression analysis has led to a risk model which identifies and prioritizes these factors in proportion to their contribution to the risk occurrence. The risk model is demonstrated in the context of two specific blended courses sharing the same learning design. Additionally, the outcome of the study has proved that factors related to the e-learning part have critically affected the students’ performance in the respective blended courses.
Simulated Fire Behavior and Fine-Scale Forest Structure Following Conifer Removal in Aspen-Conifer Forests in the Lake Tahoe Basin, USA
Authors: Ziegler Justin P. , Hoffman Chad M. , Collins Brandon M. , Long Jonathan W. , Dagley Christa M. , Mell William
Published: September 2020

Quaking aspen is found in western forests of the United States and is currently at risk of loss due to conifer competition at within-stand scales. Wildfires in these forests are impactful owing to conifer infilling during prolonged fire suppression post-Euro-American settlement. Here, restoration cuttings seek to impact wildfire behavior and aspen growing conditions. In this study, we explored how actual and hypothetical cuttings with a range of conifer removal intensity altered surface fuel and overstory structure at stand and fine scales. We then simulated wildfires, examining fire behavior and effects on post-fire forest structures around aspen trees. We found that conifer removal constrained by lower upper diameter limits (<56 cm) had marginal effects on surface fuel and overstory structure, likely failing to enhance resource conditions sufficiently to sustain aspen. Increasing the diameter limit also led to a higher likelihood of fire spread and a higher rate of spread, owing to greater within-canopy wind speed, though crown fire activity decreased. Our simulations suggest heavier treatments could facilitate reintroduction of fire while also dampening the effects of wildfires on forest structure. Cutting specifications that relax diameter limits and remove a substantial portion of conifer overstory could better promote aspen restoration and mitigate fire hazard.
Pollution Characteristics, Transport Pathways, and Potential Source Regions of PM2.5 and PM10 in Changchun City in 2018
Authors: Meng Fanhao , Wang Ju , Li Tongnan , Fang Chunsheng
Published: September 2020

Air pollution has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Cluster analysis, scene analysis, and the potential source contribution function (PSCF), based on the backward trajectory model, were used to identify the transport pathways and potential source regions of PM2.5 and PM10 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of not more than 2.5 µm and 10 µm) in Changchun in 2018. In addition, the PSCF was slightly improved. The highest average monthly concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 appeared in March and April, when they reached 53.9μg/m3 and 120.0 μg/m3, respectively. The main potential source regions of PM2.5 and PM10 were generally similar: western Jilin Province, northwestern Inner Mongolia, northeastern Liaoning Province, and the Yellow Sea region. The secondary potential source regions were southern Russia, central Mongolia, western Shandong Province, eastern Hebei Province, and eastern Jiangsu Province. The northwest and southwest directions were found to be the two pathways that mainly affect the air quality of Changchun City. Moreover, the northwestern pathway had a larger potential contribution source area than the southwestern pathway. The airflow in the southwest direction came from Liaoning Province, Shandong Province, and the Yellow Sea region. This mainly occurred in summer; its transmission distance was short; it had a relatively higher weight potential source contribution function (WPSCF) value; it can be regarded as a local source; and its representative pollutants were SO2 (sulfur dioxide), CO (carbon monoxide), and O3 (ozone). The northwestern pathway passed through Russia, Mongolia, and Inner Mongolia. The transmission distance of this pathway was longer; it had a relatively lower WPSCF value; it can be considered as a natural source to a certain extent; it mainly occurred in autumn and, especially, in winter; and the representative pollutants of this pathway were NO (nitric oxide), NOx (nitrogen oxide), PM2.5, and PM10.
Effect of Chemical Treatment on Thermal Properties of Jute Fiber Used in Polymer Composites
Authors: Shahinur Sweety , Hasan Mahbub , Ahsan Qumrul , Haider Julfikar
Published: September 2020

In recent years, natural fibers, such as jute has gained significant research interest in order to fabricate fiber reinforced polymer composites. Chemical treatments are generally carried out on the raw fibers for making composites with improved properties. From a composite manufacturing point of view, it is important to understand how the treatments can affect the thermal properties of the jute fiber. In the present research, the effects of rot-retardant, fire-retardant and water-retardant treatments on thermal properties of the jute fiber were investigated. Fiber samples were collected from the middle portion of whole jute fiber. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis were subsequently conducted on the jute fiber for thermal characterization. The results demonstrated a lower thermal decomposition temperature in the case of fire-retardant treated jute fiber but higher residue at above 400 °C, as compared to the raw and other treated fibers. In general, it was found that chemically treated fibers absorbed less heat, in contrast to the raw jute fiber and heat flow became negative in all cases of the treated fibers. This study provides important information about the thermal properties of the treated jute fibers for manufacturing polymer-based composite materials.
Impact Performance and Bending Behavior of Carbon-Fiber Foam-Core Sandwich Composite Structures in Cold Arctic Temperature
Authors: Khan M.H. , Li Bing , Tan K.T.
Published: September 2020

This study investigates the impact performance, post-impact bending behavior and damage mechanisms of Divinycell H-100 foam core with woven carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) face sheets sandwich panel in cold temperature Arctic conditions. Low-velocity impact tests were performed at 23, −30 and −70 °C. Results indicate that exposure to low temperature reduces impact damage tolerance significantly. X-ray microcomputed tomography is utilized to reveal damage modes such as matrix cracking, delamination and fiber breakage on the CFRP face sheet, as well as core crushing, core shearing and debonding in the Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) foam core. Post-impact bending tests reveal that residual flexural properties are more sensitive to the in-plane compressive property of the CFRP face sheet than the tensile property. Specifically, the degradation of flexural strength strongly depends on pre-existing impact damage and temperature conditions. Statistical analyses based on this study are employed to show that flexural performance is dominantly governed by face sheet thickness and pre-bending impact energy.
Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs): A Potential Nanomaterial for Water Purification
Authors: Arora Bharti , Attri Pankaj
Published: September 2020

Nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been used as an excellent material for catalysis, separation, adsorption and disinfection processes. CNTs have grabbed the attention of the scientific community and they have the potential to adsorb most of the organic compounds from water. Unlike, reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF) and ultrafiltration (UF) membranes aligned CNT membranes can act as high-flow desalination membranes. CNTs provide a relatively safer electrode solution for biosensors. The article is of the utmost importance for the scientists and technologists working in water purification technologies to eliminate the water crisis in the future. This review summarizes about the application of CNTs in water purification.
Jones Type Basic Construction on Hopf Spin Models
Authors: Tianqing Cao , Qiaoling Xin , Xiaomin Wei , Lining Jiang
Published: September 2020

Let H be a finite dimensional C∗-Hopf algebra and A the observable algebra of Hopf spin models. For some coaction of the Drinfeld double D(H) on A, the crossed product A⋊D(H)^ can define the field algebra F of Hopf spin models. In the paper, we study C∗-basic construction for the inclusion A⊆F on Hopf spin models. To achieve this, we define the action α:D(H)×F→F, and then construct the resulting crossed product F⋊D(H), which is isomorphic A⊗End(D(H)^). Furthermore, we prove that the C∗-basic construction for A⊆F is consistent to F⋊D(H), which yields that the C∗-basic constructions for the inclusion A⊆F is independent of the choice of the coaction of D(H) on A.
Extending the Enterovirus Lead: Could a Related Picornavirus be Responsible for Diabetes in Humans?
Authors: Klitz William , Niklasson Bo
Published: September 2020

We found an association between the abundance of rodents in the wild and onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in humans. A picornavirus named Ljungan virus (LV) was subsequently isolated from wild bank voles. Both picornavirus-like particles detected by electron microscopy and LV antigen visualized by immunohistochemistry was seen in islets of Langerhans in diabetic wild bank voles. LV antigen has also been found in islets of Langerhans in a patient with recent onset of T1D and in the commonly used Bio Breeding (BB) T1D rat model. We discuss the possibility of T1D and type 2 diabetes (T2D) as parts of a single disease entity. Antiviral compounds directed against picornavirus have been found to be an effective treatment of diabetes in BB rats. We propose using the same currently available antiviral compounds in clinical trials in humans. Antiviral treatment would have the potential to be both proof of concept for involvement of a picornavirus in diabetes pathogenesis and also present a first-generation therapy.
Structural, Functional, and Metabolic Alterations in Human Cerebrovascular Endothelial Cells during Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Amelioration by Verapamil In Vitro
Authors: Al-sandaqchi Alaa T. , Marsh Victoria , Williams Huw E. L. , Stevenson Carl W. , Elsheikha Hany M.
Published: September 2020

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, is a frequent cause of brain infection. Despite its known ability to invade the brain, there is still a dire need to better understand the mechanisms by which this parasite interacts with and crosses the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The present study revealed structural and functional changes associated with infection and replication of T. gondii within human brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) in vitro. T. gondii proliferated within the BMECs and disrupted the integrity of the cerebrovascular barrier through diminishing the cellular viability, disruption of the intercellular junctions and increasing permeability of the BMEC monolayer, as well as altering lipid homeostasis. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR)-based metabolomics combined with multivariate data analysis revealed profiles that can be attributed to infection and variations in the amounts of certain metabolites (e.g., amino acids, fatty acids) in the extracts of infected compared to control cells. Notably, treatment with the Ca2+ channel blocker verapamil rescued BMEC barrier integrity and restricted intracellular replication of the tachyzoites regardless of the time of treatment application (i.e., prior to infection, early- and late-infection). This study provides new insights into the structural and functional changes that accompany T. gondii infection of the BMECs, and sheds light upon the ability of verapamil to inhibit the parasite proliferation and to ameliorate the adverse effects caused by T. gondii infection.
Simplified Aberration Analysis Method of Holographic Waveguide Combiner
Authors: Su Wei-Chia , Zhou Shao-Kui , Lin Bor-Shyh , Lin Wen-Kai
Published: September 2020

Generally, the diffractive waveguide combiner and computer-generated hologram (CGH) technique have the potential to achieve compact head-mounted display (HMD) with a natural 3D display function. However, the diffractive waveguide combiner will degrade the image quality because of aberration. In order to resolve this issue, the complex analysis based on the ray-tracing method is necessary. Since the major aberration of the waveguide combiners is only astigmatism and anamorphic distortion, only these two aberrations were discussed in this paper. Furthermore, two common waveguide structures were discussed here. In total, four formulas were summarized to analyze aberration and anamorphic distortion in these two structures. Finally, the simplified formulas were verified with the commercial ray-tracing software Zemax. The calculated results of the proposed method match the simulation of Zemax software well. Therefore, the aberration of an arbitrary similar diffractive waveguide can be analyzed by the proposed method. This will make the designing process simpler and faster.
Selenium and Nano-Selenium Biofortification for Human Health: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: El-Ramady Hassan , Faizy Salah E.-D. , Abdalla Neama , Taha Hussein , Domokos-Szabolcsy Éva , Fari Miklós , Elsakhawy Tamer , Omara Alaa El-Dein , Shalaby Tarek , Bayoumi Yousry , Shehata Said , Geilfus Christoph-Martin , Brevik Eric C.
Published: September 2020

Selenium is an essential micronutrient required for the health of humans and lower plants, but its importance for higher plants is still being investigated. The biological functions of Se related to human health revolve around its presence in 25 known selenoproteins (e.g., selenocysteine or the 21st amino acid). Humans may receive their required Se through plant uptake of soil Se, foods enriched in Se, or Se dietary supplements. Selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) have been applied to biofortified foods and feeds. Due to low toxicity and high efficiency, Se-NPs are used in applications such as cancer therapy and nano-medicines. Selenium and nano-selenium may be able to support and enhance the productivity of cultivated plants and animals under stressful conditions because they are antimicrobial and anti-carcinogenic agents, with antioxidant capacity and immune-modulatory efficacy. Thus, nano-selenium could be inserted in the feeds of fish and livestock to improvise stress resilience and productivity. This review offers new insights in Se and Se-NPs biofortification for edible plants and farm animals under stressful environments. Further, extensive research on Se-NPs is required to identify possible adverse effects on humans and their cytotoxicity.
The use of enzyme drugs for cows feeding during the period of increasing the milk yield
Authors: Kostomakhin N. , Khlystunova V. , Ivanova I.
Published: September 2020

In the system of complete feeding of animals enzymes are of particular importance. The functions of enzymes in nature are very diverse. Under the action of enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract of animals, the breakdown of feed nutrients occurs: complex carbohydrates break down into simple sugars and organic acids, proteins into peptides and amino acids, and fats into fatty acids and glycerol. In an animal’s body only through enzymes do these nutrients turn into energy and structural materials necessary for growth and reproduction, product formation, and other processes. The search for multifunctional additives that combine several mechanisms of influence on the biocenoses of the digestive system is promising. Such properties possess enzymatic (cellulolytic) drugs Fibrozyme and Cellobacterin. The purpose of this work was to scientifically justify the use of new-generation enzyme drugs of domestic (Cellobacterin) and foreign (Fibrozyme) production in the ration of Black-and-White cows during the period of increasing the milk yield. The cows of the control group have received a farm ration consisting of 35 kg of feed mixture, 8,5 kg of concentrate feed and 2 kg of cereal and legume hay. Animals of the experimental groups have received the same feed and additional enzyme drugs: the 1st experimental group has received the drug Cellobacterin 25 g/head./day, and the 2nd experimental group in the addition of drug Fibrozyme 15 g/head/day. It has been established as the result of researches that the use of enzyme feed additives domestic (Cellobacterin) and foreign (Fibrozyme) during the period of increasing the milk yield cows had a positive effect on the palatability of feeds, their digestibility and absorption, and stimulated the milk yield of cows and improve milk quality. The best results have been obtained when using the imported drug Fibrozyme.
Milk productivity and quality of milk of cows of Black-and-White breed when feeding a balanced feed complex Felucen K 1–2
Authors: Minibaev V. , Gubaidullin N.
Published: September 2020

The analysis of the literature data shows that there is not enough information on the enrichment of the ration of cows of Black-and-White breed with a balanced feed complex Felucen K 1–2 that has caused the relevance of our researches. The purpose of the research was to increase the productive qualities of cows Black-and-White breed when using different doses of the balanced feed complex Felucen K 1–2 in their ration. The studies have been carried out in the Southern Urals, the optimal dose of use of feed complex Felucen K 1–2 that enhance milk productivity of cows of Black-and-White breed. According to the scheme of the experiment cows of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th experimental groups have been additionally fed to main ration 300 g, 350 and 400 g of the balanced feed complex Felucen K 1–2, consisting of vegetable protein and fat, easily fermentable carbohydrates, high-purity sodium chloride, macronutrients, trace elements, and vitamins. Animals of the 1st group have been served as control and complex Felucen have not been received. Studies have shown that cows of the 1st control group used less dry matter, EFU, metabolic energy, digestible protein, crude protein, crude fiber, and crude fat than their experimental herdmates. Thus, the superiority of cows of the experimental groups over the herdmates of the 1st control group in terms of EFU was 93,1–231,2 kg; metabolic energy – 933,7–2314,7 MJ; dry matter – 9,0–125,8; digestible protein – 8,9–29,7; crude protein – 4,6–18,3; crude fiber-13,1–48,4; crude fat – 11,6–21,0 kg. Animals of all experimental groups in comparison with the control group exceeded in terms of milk yield for 305 days of lactation by 435,2 kg or 6,60 % (P < 0,001); 814,4 kg or 12,34 % (P < 0,001); 684,1 kg or 10,37 % (P < 0,001); for 100 days of lactation – by 98,7 kg or 4,28 % (P < 0,001); 191,0 kg or 8,29 % (P < 0,001) and 167,8 kg or 7,28 % (p<0,001), respectively. The use of Felucen K 1–2 feed complex in the rations of lactating Black-and-White cows has shown its effectiveness, which has affected the feed consumption and effectiveness of their use, hematological indicators, the level of milk productivity and milk quality. From an economic point of view the dose of 350 g of balanced feed complex Felucen To 1–2 per animal per day is more reasonable.
The use of poly additive Nabicat in the feeding of laying hens
Authors: Nikolaev S. , Andreenko L.
Published: September 2020

In modern poultry farming the most urgent tasks are to search for and test new environmentally safe feed and economically justifi ed additives that stimulate productivity, positively aff ect the health of poultry, and consequently increase the livability of livestock and other important zootechnical traits. In order to maintain physiologically normal processes of life, metabolism and increase the level of productivity of poultry it needs mineral components and their chelated compounds. The purpose of this work was to increase the egg productivity of poultry by using the silicon-containing poly additive Nabicat in feeding young hens and laying hens. The researches have been carried out on the poultry cross Highsex Brown under the environments in CJSC “Poultry Farm “Volzhskaya” in the Sredneakhtubinsky area in the Volgograd region. In this paper, The optimal dose of the introduction of the silicon-containing poly additive Nabicat in the diets of young and laying hens of the cross Highsex Brown has been scientifi cally justifi ed and the biological value of using an organic form of silicon has been determined. The positive infl uence of the optimal dose of poly additive on growth, consumption, and digestibility, nutrient metabolism in the poultry body, as well as egg productivity and quality of the resulting egg has been revealed. Thus, the average egg productivity per 1 hen in the control group during the experiment period was 321,3 pcs., and in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd experimental groups it was 322,6 pcs., 325,8 and 325,7 pcs., which was higher than in the control group by 0,40 %, 1,40 and 1,37 %, respectively. The average egg weight in the 1st experimental group exceeded the control by 0,43 g or 0,68 %, in the 2nd experimental group by 1,16 g or 1,84 %, in the 3rd experimental group by 0,81 g or 1,28 %. The economic eff ectiveness of using the organic silicon additive in the composition of Nabicat poly additive in the feeding of laying hens has been proved. The economic eff ect due to the use of diff erent doses of the introduction of silicon-containing poly additive Nabicat in compound feed for laying hens of the 1st experimental group was 141,66 rubles, the 2nd experimental group 962,76 rubles, and the 3rd experimental group 821,89 rubles.
The correlation of productive and hematological parameters in steers on the background of the use of feed protein additive Biovitel
Authors: Pauli A. , Vetrovaya E. , Fatkullin R.
Published: September 2020

Among the environmental factors, feeding is the most important in the formation of new traits and properties. The level of feeding influences first of all on the digestive system. Then the nature of feeding affects the organs associated with the utilization of nutrients, and ultimately the body as a whole. The purpose of the researches was to study the correlation between productive and hematological parameters in steers against the background of the use of the feed additive Biovitel. The research has been carried out under the environments of JSC “SHF Dubrovsky” in the Chelyabinsk region on steers of Hereford breed. In order to carry out experiments 2 groups of steers (control and experimental) have been formed with 10 heads in each. The method of pair-analogues has been used taking into account the genotype, age, birth weight and physiological state of animals. The experiment has been conducted from 6- to 15-month-old steers. The control group has been received the main farm ration. The experimental group has been received the basic ration and additional feed additive Biovitel at the rate of 100 g/head/ day for 15 days. The correlation between hematological parameters and productivity of steers against the background of the use of the feed additive Biovitel has been determined. During the study a positive correlation between the total protein and protein fractions with the live weight of steers has been observed. High correlation coefficients have been obtained in steers of both groups at the age of 9 months. The amount of total lipids in all age periods in both groups changed relatively little, but the trend of their increase in steers of the experimental group remained. The concentration of phospholipids in the control group was almost at the same level, and in the experimental group there was an excess of control values by 5,52 %. Activation of redox processes in the animal body has been observed under the action of the feed protein additive Biovitel.
DEMOCRACIA PARTICIPATIVA NA VENEZUELA CONTEMPORÂNEA
Authors: MAIA GILBERTO , Oliveira Jovanil , Martins Mônica Dias
Published: September 2020

Esse artigo busca refletir a democracia participativa na Venezuela contemporânea, por meio das misiones bolivarianas e os consejos comunales, como expressão do poder popular na construção do socialismo do século XXI. Essa experiência participativa requer diagnósticos, avaliações e possíveis mudanças de rumo para atender as promessas contidas nos instrumentos legais e discursivos com pretensões de construir a democracia participativa e protagônica.
RANCANG BANGUN APLIKASI MOBILE GERD BUDDY SEBAGAI MEDIA MANDIRI PERBAIKAN POLA HIDUP PENDERITA GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DIASE (GERD)
Authors: Hidayatulloh M Wisnu , Afrianto Irawan
Published: September 2020

Gastroesophageal reflux diase atau biasa disingkat dengan nama GERD adalah penyakit kronik pada saluran pencernaan yang terjadi ketika asam lambung naik kembali ke kerongkongan. Hal ini terjadi karena penderita sering lupa untuk makan secara teratur yang mengakibatkan terjadinya GERD. Maka dari itu dibangunlah aplikasi interaktif berbasis android sebagai media untuk membantu memperbaiki pola hidup penderita penyakit GERD.Gastroesophageal reflux diase atau biasa disingkat dengan nama GERD adalah penyakit kronik pada saluran pencernaan yang terjadi ketika asam lambung naik kembali ke kerongkongan. Hal ini terjadi karena penderita sering lupa untuk makan secara teratur yang mengakibatkan terjadinya GERD. Maka dari itu dibangunlah aplikasi interaktif berbasis android sebagai media untuk membantu memperbaiki pola hidup penderita penyakit GERD.Aplikasi berbasis android ini didalamnya terdapat banyak sekali fitur yang mengajak dan mengigatkan penggunanya untuk melakukan perubahan pola hidup yang lebih baik. Dengan menerapkan gamifikasi seperti memberikan sebuah reward dalam setiap fiturnya, bertujuan untuk memberikan dampak positif bagi pengguna dalam melakukan aktivitas yang dapat memperbaiki pola hidup yang lebih baik dan bisa juga mempengaruhi kebiasan pengguna.Berdasarkan hasil implementasi, pengujian alpha dan beta dapat disimpulkan bahwa 70% setuju aplikasi ini dapat mengingatkan pola makan teratur, 73% setuju aplikasi ini dapat mengajak melakukan olahraga, 67% setuju aplikasi dapat memberikan informasi obat tradisional, 70% setuju aplikasi dapat mengingatkan pengguna mendengarkan musik terapi untuk relaksasi. Kata kunci: Gastroesophageal Reflux Diase (GERD), Reward, Gamifikasi, Multimedia, Android.
SOBREVIVÊNCIA EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA OU DE COMO SEGUIR VIAGEM
Authors: Archangelo Ana
Published: September 2020

Pensar a sobrevivência a partir de dentro da própria experiência de sobreviver à pandemia provoca intenso desassossego. O indivíduo é tomado por frases e imagens potentes, mas elas parecem não levá-lo a lugar algum, abandoná-lo em local ermo, no meio do caminho entre o vazio e algum entendimento. O presente artigo procura ser uma metáfora da pergunta-guia que o nomeia. É, assim, ele mesmo, expressão do movimento de uma mente em busca de sobrevivência. Portanto, uma fala-ilustração. Descreve os fragmentos de pensamento que se apresentam ao indivíduo e assumem diferentes formas, mobilizando inúmeros sentimentos, muitas vezes contraditórios, aos quais se procura dar guarida, a despeito do desejo íntimo de apenas abandoná-los. Conclui que a sobrevivência não deixa alternativa, senão a do aqui e agora; a condição inalienável da experiência de sobrevivência é que o indivíduo é convocado a abraçar aquilo de que não pode escapar.
OS DESAFIOS DA MUDANÇA PARA O ENSINO REMOTO EMERGENCIAL NA GRADUAÇÃO NA UNICAMP – BRASIL
Authors: Amaral Eliana , Polydoro Soely
Published: September 2020

Este artigo relata a resposta da Unicamp à pandemia Covid-19 no âmbito da Graduação. Com a suspensão das atividades presenciais e a adoção do ensino remoto emergencial em março de 2020, cada unidade acadêmica propôs seu plano de ação, mantendo disciplinas remotas total ou parcialmente. Entre as diferentes ações adotadas, destacaram-se apoio ao acesso digital, à permanência, intensificação da formação docente para uso de meios digitais e flexibilização das normativas institucionais, em acordo às deliberações estaduais. Essas mudanças exigiram intenso envolvimento de gestores acadêmicos, professores, discentes e funcionários. Houve uma avaliação qualitativa de relatórios intermediários por curso, quanto às soluções e às preocupações ou dificuldades, nas dimensões logísticas e tecnológicas, pedagógicas e socioafetivas. Entre as lições aprendidas incluem-se maior habilidade de todos para uso de recursos digitais e adoção de estratégias centradas no estudante, com flexibilidade frente ao inesperado. Há ainda muito para enfrentar diante do impacto da pandemia na comunidade universitária.
El derecho a la paz en el ámbito educativo: un aporte a la mediación de conflictos
Authors: Castillo Fernando José , Ramírez de Castillo Alicia Josefina
Published: September 2020

En todos los sistemas educativos del mundo se plantean estrategias para minimizar los conflictos y la violencia en escuelas y colegios, tratando así de resolver graves confrontaciones entre educandos o estudiantes con docentes, siendo considerada esta una generación violenta. Estas prácticas basadas en valores tienen la finalidad de modelar los caracteres violentos de los alumnos mediante una práctica de mutua convivencia, diálogo y respeto, evitando discrepancias por conflictos raciales, religiosos, políticos, sociales, económicos o culturales. Esta conducta agresiva casi llega a la barbarie ante la incapacidad de convivir en paz, con valores de solidaridad, armonía, cooperación, equidad y no discriminación. Lamentablemente la sociedad se ha acostumbrado a la violencia en el mundo, por lo que hay que realizar cambios obligatorios. Si bien la conducta violenta del alumnado se genera inicialmente en la familia, generando estudiantes problemáticos y desadaptados, hay que realizar las debidas transformaciones en la formación de éstos que permita que se relacionen con la institución educativa mediante la participación e integración en ese ámbito. La esperanza y fe de que se verifiquen esos cambios en las futuras generaciones estudiantiles es deseo que toda la sociedad mundial espera para la consolidación de la paz de la humanidad.
Estrategias metodológicas interactivas para la enseñanza y aprendizaje en la educación superior
Authors: Bonilla María de los Ángeles , Cárdenas Benavides Jonathan Patricio , Arellano Espinoza Florcita Janeth , Pérez Castillo Danny Fernando
Published: September 2020

Las estrategias metodológicas que imparten los docentes en el área académica de educación superior intervienen en la enseñanza y aprendizaje de los estudiantes. El objetivo del presente artículo se centra en analizar mediante una revisión bibliográfica documental las estrategias metodológicas interactivas más aplicadas y sugeridas en la educación superior. Con un enfoque cualitativo documental se ha revisado 15 artículos de los cuales 6 causaron más impacto en la investigación, a través de una matriz de contraste se determinaron 15 estrategias metodológicas interactivas con mayor relevancia hasta la actualidad. Se pudo concluir una de las tácticas que más se destacan son role play, caso de estudio, aprendizaje personalizado, discusiones y el E-learning, métodos que se generan en función de los módulos y necesidades de enseñanza, tomando en cuenta que gran parte del aprendizaje universitario es de modalidad autónoma; no obstante, la guía de un docente es el punto más importante a considerar, es por eso que se destacan tanto actividades individuales como estrategias de formación grupal.