bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The use of modified mRNA encoding platelet-derived growth factor-BB as an innovation in periodontal regeneration
Authors:   , Surisaeng Theeraphat
Published: September 2023

Since the mRNA platform has been recently introduced to several fields in medicine and the achievement of periodontal regeneration is currently unpredictable, therefore, the use of mRNA technology is a promising approach to pursue the complete periodontal regeneration. The aims of this study are to learn if mRNA encoding platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) induces PDGF production in human periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) and to investigate the effect of secreted PDGF on PDLC proliferation and promoting endothelial cell tube formation. PDLCs were obtained from extracted teeth of healthy periodontal patients. The N1-methylpseudouridine modified mRNA encoding PDGF-BB were transfected into PDLCs. The supernatants were collected from 24-, 48- and 72 h and measured the protein production using ELISA assay. PDLCs were also tested for cell viability. In addition, the supernatants collected at 48 h and 72 h were used for proliferation assay and induction of endothelial cell tube formation, respectively. The results showed that PDLCs transfected with mRNA encoding PDGF-BB, produced higher level of intracellular PDGF-BB than the control at 24 h. PDGF-BB was detected in the supernatants started from 24 h and constantly secreted up to 72 h. The transfection of PDLCs by mRNA had no effect on the cell viability. The supernatants containing secreted PDGF-BB were able to promote PDLC proliferation and endothelial cell tube formation. In conclusion, modified mRNA encoding PDGF-BB promotes PDGF-BB production both intra- and extracellularly. Moreover, the supernatants containing PDGF-BB induce PDLC proliferation and endothelial cell tube formation. Thus, mRNA platform technology is possibly applicable for periodontal tissue regeneration.
Screening and identification of probiotic lactic acid bacteria from plant samplesd
Authors:   , Nuhwa Ratthanatda
Published: September 2023

Seventy lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from flowers (17 strains), 3 tree barks (7 strains), one fruit (2 strains), ten fermented tea leaves (31 strains) and two silage (13 strains). They were identified as Lactobacillus pentosus (12 strains), L. plantarum subsp. plantarum (9 strains), L. paracasei subsp. tolerans (5 strains), L. brevis (1 strain), L. silagincola (1 strain), L. kunkeei (1 strain),  and L. formosensis (1 strain), Enterococcus durans (3 strains), E. lactis (2 strains), E. faecalis (1 strain), E. faecium (1 strain), E. gallinarum (1 strain) and E. gilvus (1 strain), Pediococcus  acidilactici (1 strain) and P. pentosaceus (1 strain), and Aerococcus  urinaeequi (1 strain) based on their phenotypic characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequences. Strain FM11-1T, a novel species isolated from the flower of Solanum torvum, was closely related to E. faecium NRIC 1145T (98.79 %), E. durans NBRC 100479T (98.72 %), E. lactis LMG 25958T (98.49 %), and E. ratti DSM 15687T (98.02 %) based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, genome sequence, and phylogenetic tree. Therefore, it was proposed as Enterococcus solani sp. nov. The screening of bile salt hydrolase, cholesterol assimilation, antimicrobial activity, and cytotoxicity against Caco-2 cells revealed that 28 strains showed bile salt hydrolase activity while 19 strains exhibited cholesterol assimilation more than 45 %. Strain CRM44-2 showed the highest cholesterol assimilation of 85.5 %. Furthermore, the strains FM3-1, FM11-1, FM11-2, CM28-3, CM38-1, CRM41-1, CRM55-2, and NWM60-2 exhibited bile salt hydrolase activity and cholesterol assimilation more than 45 %. Strain CRM51-2 showed antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633. Strains CM28-3 and CRM42-1 showed cytotoxic effects against colorectal cancer cell lines (Caco-2 cells) with non-toxicity to Vero cells. All isolates showed no cytotoxic effects against Vero and HepG2 cells. For the probiotic properties, 31 strains showed pH 3.0 and 0.3 % of bile acid tolerance for 3 hours by decreasing 2 log cycles while 13 strains showed the adhesion ability. L. brevis strain CM38-1 isolated from fermented tea leaves, showed bile salt hydrolase activity, cholesterol assimilation of 62.5 % and adhesion ability of 6.0 + 1.0 % as the candidate probiotics with cholesterol-lowering. Moreover, L. plantarum subsp. plantarum strain CM28-3 isolated from fermented tea leaves, showed bile salt hydrolase activity, cholesterol assimilation of 46.5 %, cytotoxicity against Caco-2 cells of 64.0 + 0.1 %, and adhesion ability of 0.7 + 1.0 %. Therefore, it is suggested to be the candidate probiotics with higher cholesterol-lowering activity compared to L. rhamnosus GG as positive control.
Continuous flow selective hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2.5-dimethylfuran using Pd-Cu/reduced graphene oxde catalysts
Authors:   , Mhadmhan Sareena
Published: September 2023

2,5-Dimethylfuran (DMF) has been considered a promising biofuel, potentially derived from biomass. There have been various reports on DMF production from hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). However, most reports employed high hydrogen pressure, long reaction times, and reactions under batch reactor. In this study, Pd-Cu bimetallic catalysts incorporated on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) were used for hydrogenation of HMF to DMF using 2-propanol as hydrogen donor under continuous ﬂow system. Synthesized catalysts were characterized by N2 physisorption, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and temperature programmed reduction of hydrogen (H2-TPR) techniques. 10Cu1Pd/RGO exhibited 96% HMF conversion with 95% DMF yield under optimum reaction conditions with good stability with time on stream. XRD and XPS results pointed to the presence of a palladium−copper alloy, which could enhance both the activity and especially the stability in the conversion of HMF toward DMF. The effect of temperature, pressure, and feed ﬂow rate were also investigated on the catalytic performance. The stability of catalyst was tested for  8 h time on stream, where it was found that the catalyst provided  67% HMF conversion with 65% DMF yield.
Taxonomy, bioactivities, and secondary metabolites of endophytic actinomycetes isolated from medicinal plants
Authors:   , Klykleung Nattaporn
Published: September 2023

Fifty endophytic actinomycetes isolated from six medicinal plants in Thailand were identified as Micromonospora (34 strains), Streptomyces (8 strains), Microbispora (3 strains), Nonomuraea (2 strains), Plantactinospora (2 strains), and Amycolatopsis (1 strain) based on phenotypic characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Fifteen strains exhibited antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Strain CR1-09T, proposed as Microbispora cathalanthi sp. nov. was active against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Kocuria rhizophila ATCC 9341. Streptomyces sp. 3MP-10 and 3MP-14, novel species were active against S. aureus ATCC 6538, K. rhizophila ATCC 9341, and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633. Strains CR1-09T and PA1-07 showed cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells but not Vero cells based on MTT assay.  Streptomyces sp.  3MP-10 and 3MP-14 produced ikarugamycin ([M+H]+ = 479.2912 m/z; UV 224, 326 nm) and fumaquinone ([M+H]+ = 303.1225 m/z; UV 220, 236, 304, 428 nm) while 3MP-14 produced a new structural compound, pudicin ([M+Na]+ = 600.2576 m/z; UV 204, 246, 344 nm). Nonomuraea sp. PA1-05 and PA1-10 produced dilactonmycin ([M+H]+ = 539.3223 m/z; UV 222, 242, 316 nm) and spithioneine A ([M+H]+ = 492.1833 m/z; UV 250, 274, 336 nm), respectively. Micromonospora sp. BL1-08 produced riboflavin ([M+H]+ = 377.1466 m/z; UV 222, 268, 370, 446 nm) based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) with the dictionary of natural products. Moreover, all strains produced a siderophore as nocardamine ([M+H]+ = 565.1552 m/z; UV 214, 272, 336 nm). The secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) identified in the draft genome of strain 3MP-14 were related to the biosynthesis of polyketides by polyketide synthase (PKS-I, II, and III) as 41.7 % of all putative BGCs and non-ribosomal peptides by non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS).
In vitro hepatic metabolism of curcumin diethyl disuccinate in different animal species
Authors:   , Jithavech Ponsiree
Published: September 2023

Curcumin diethyl disuccinate (CDD) is an ester prodrug of the active compound, curcumin. CDD has been improved chemical stability and intestinal permeability more than curcumin. CDD demonstrated biological activity higher than curcumin. The aim of this study is to investigate a suitability of using liver S9 fraction (LS9) in drug metabolism profiling as function of animal sources of enzyme regarding possible translation of in vitro outcome to clinical study. The metabolites, in vitro kinetics and esterase enzyme involved in CDD hydrolysis by LS9 of human, monkey, dog and rat ware determined. The high-performance liquid chromatography conjugated with high-resolution mass spectrometry-based methodologies indicated that CDD was hydrolysed to curcumin through the monoethylsuccinyl curcumin. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography analysis was used to determined kinetic parameters, including degradation rate constants, half-lives and hepatic intrinsic clearances. The hydrolysis profile of CDD was similar in all test species and showed a two-step, consecutive, pseudo-first-order irreversible reaction. CDD was rapidly metabolized in LS9 of all test species and ranked as human > dog > monkey > rat. The predicted clearance of CDD in liver might be ranked as dog > monkey > rat > human. The identification of CDD hydrolyzing enzymes from HLS9, MLS9, DLS9 and RLS9 evaluated by the effect of specific esterase inhibitor. Carboxylesterase was identified as the major hepatic enzyme responsible for CDD hydrolysis in LS9 of four species, followed by butyrylcholinesterase. The in vitro hepatic metabolism outcomes would be of benefit to future in vivo studies and the clinical translation of the ester CDD prodrug.
Physicochemical, permeability, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of oxyresveratrol ester prodrugs
Authors:   , Thaweesest Wuttinont
Published: September 2023

Oxyresveratrol (OXY) is known to exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties but has low oral bioavailability in rats and low permeability in the Caco-2 cell monolayer model. Three ester prodrugs with different acyl chain lengths (oxyresveratrol tetraacetate (OXY-TAc), oxyresveratrol tetrapropionate (OXY-TPr), and oxyresveratrol tetrabutyrate (OXY-TBu) were synthesized to improve the permeability of OXY. Transport of three OXY ester prodrugs across Caco-2 monolayers was higher than that of OXY, and OXY-TAc exhibited the highest permeation. The degradation of OXY-TAc in HCl buffer (pH 1.2), phosphate buffer (pH 6.8 and 7.4), simulated gastric and intestinal fluids, as well as human plasma at 37 °C was followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as mechanisms of action in LPS-stimulated murine macrophage cells (RAW264.7) under oxidative stress and inflammation of bioavailable fraction of OXY-TAc (BF-OXY-TAc), were investigated and compared with the bioavailable fraction of OXY (BF-OXY). All three antioxidant assays (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays) showed that BF-OXY-TAc exhibited higher antioxidant activities than that of BF-OXY. In the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells, BF-OXY-TAc attenuated the LPS-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were 2.5, 2.5, and 1.6-fold higher than that of BF-OXY  respectively. Western blot analysis revealed that BF-OXY-TAc decreased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expressions were 1.2 and 1.4-fold higher than that of BF-OXY, respectively. The results suggest that OXY-TAc can overcome the limitations of OXY in terms of improving permeation, leading to better antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of OXY against LPS-stimulated oxidative stress and inflammation in RAW264.7 macrophage cells.
Role of enzymes in glyoxylate cycle in transgenic 'KDML 105' rice Oryza sativa L. overexpressing OsCam1-1 under salt stress
Authors:   , Ausaha Tanaporn
Published: September 2023

The previous study reported that the transcriptome profiling of the KDML 105 rice overexpressing OsCam1-1 widely affected the expression of genes involved in several cellular processes including the genes associated with the glyoxylate cycle, which exhibited up-regulation in KDML 105 overexpressing OsCam1-1 under salt stress. In this study, we focused on the role of the glyoxylate cycle in transgenic KDML 105 rice under salt stress. The phenotypes as follows: fresh weight and dry weight of shoot & root, SPAD value, activities of isocitrate lyase, and malate synthase; sugar, and starch contents, and total lipid content were investigated at 0, 2, 4, 6 days after salt stress treatment and compared to the wild type KDML105. The results showed that the KDML 105 rice overexpressing OsCam1-1 better maintained fresh weight, dry weight of shoot, and SPAD value than wild type. Furthermore, the isocitrate lyase and malate synthase activities of transgenic rice overexpressing OsCam1-1 were higher than wild type in the youngest fully expanded leaf at day 2 while the second youngest leaf has higher isocitrate lyase activity than wild type at day 6. The transgenic rice overexpressing OsCam1-1 exhibited lower contents of sugars (sucrose, glucose, and fructose) and starch especially from the second youngest leaf than wild type suggesting that they may be metabolized or mobilized under salt stress better than the wild type. Moreover, transgenic rice also exhibited somewhat lower unsaturated fatty acid contents than wildtype. These results indicated that the glyoxylate cycle of which its key enzymes were enhanced by the overexpression of OsCam1-1 gene, probably helps maintain and balance carbon source and energy metabolism in rice under salt stress condition.
Free radical scavenging compounds from dendrobium lindleyi
Authors:   , Khoonrit Pichayatri
Published: September 2023

Free radicals lead to oxidative stress which plays an important role in the development of many diseases. Dendrobium lindleyi belongs to Dendrobium, a genus the secondary metabolites of which were reported as free radical scavenging compounds. However, the bioactivity of D. lindleyi has never been revealed. In this study, the EtOAc extract of D. lindleyi was fractionated to give five pure compounds identified by spectroscopic techniques as a new constituent named 4,5-dihydroxy-3,3′,4′-trimethoxybibenzyl along with four known compounds including chrysotoxine, gigantol, cypripedin, and moscatilin. DPPH radical, superoxide radical, and ORAC assay were performed to evaluate their radical scavenging activities. Chrysotoxine, gigantol, and moscatilin exhibited comparable activity to Trolox in DPPH assay. In the superoxide radical and ORAC assays, the new compound, chrysotoxine, gigantol, and moscatilin were more potent than Trolox. Conversely, cypripedin was a poor radical scavenger in all tests. These findings encourage further research of the four active components for the treatment of conditions related to oxidative stress.
Development of mucoadhesive biloniosome nanoparticles for enhanced gastrointestinal absorption of cordycepin
Authors:   , Kengkittipat Warut
Published: September 2023

Cordycepin, an adenosine analogue, has displayed numerous pharmacological and therapeutic implications including enhanced apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation of cancer cells, antioxidant property and improving sexual activity. However, oral administration of cordycepin has limited practical use due to its poor bioavailability in the intestine. Here, we developed a novel hybrid nanoparticle system for effective delivery of cordycepin in the gastrointestinal tract by using the bile salt-based liposome/niosome hybrid system (designated as biloniosome). In addition, mucoadhesive chitosan biopolymer was coated on the biloniosome nanoparticles to improve the mucoadhesive properties thereby enhancing the drug efficiency. Cordycepin-encapsulated biloniosome nanoparticles were synthesized by solvent (ethanol) injection technique followed by coating with chitosan. The physicochemical characteristics of the prepared nanoparticles were investigated. Their biological activities, such as in vitro anticancer activity and in vitro permeation across the human intestinal barrier were evaluated. We successfully produced hybrid nanoparticles with ~150 nm in diameter and over 60% loading efficiency of cordycepin. The evaluation of hydrodynamic size and zeta-potential indicated that chitosan successfully modified the biloniosome. Interestingly, the hybrid nanoparticles showed potent cytotoxic activity against HT29 cell lines. Our results demonstrated that the chitosan-coated biloniosome, exhibits 3-fold increase in mucoadhesive property and improved permeation through the human intestinal barrier as compared to uncoated nanoparticles. In conclusion, the nanovation (nanotechnology + innovation) presented here is an improved version of cordycepin encapsulated in the hybrid nanoparticle system which serves as a promising candidate for oral colorectal cancer chemotherapy.
Synthesis and characterization of polyethylene glycol-doxorubicin conjugates containing β-thiopropanamide linkers for enhanced selective cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells
Authors:   , Supasena Wiwat
Published: September 2023

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapeutic agent that suffers from its severe adverse effects due to non-selective cytotoxicity. This study aims to design novel beta-thiopropanamide linkers (-S-CH2-C(R)H-CONH-) for DOX conjugation to promote cancer cell selectivity and cytotoxicity. Two series of DOX conjugates with various beta-thiopropanamide linkers were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxic selectivity. The first series contains 7 DOX analogues with different beta-thiopropanamide linkers. The DOX analogues were synthesized using ethyl thioglycolate and acrylic acid analogues to establish a series of beta-thiopropanamide linkages with DOX, and the potential linkers were intended to be incorporated in polymer-DOX conjugates. The other series contains a polymer-DOX conjugate, in which the unsubstituted thiopropanamide (-S-CH2-CH2-CONH-, A) is selected as the linker, which conjugates DOX with methoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG) to sustain systemic drug release, and to promote stimuli responsiveness and cancer cell selectivity. The mPEG-DOX conjugate with the unsubstituted beta-thiopropanamide linker (P-A-DOX) was synthesized using thiol-functionalized methoxypolyethylene glycol and acrylic acid to establish the beta-thiopropanamide linkage with DOX, using the mPEG-DOX (P-DOX) conjugate as the control. All DOX analogues and conjugates were structurally characterized by NMR and chemical assay. The in vitro hydrolytic stability as a function of pH and cytotoxicity tests (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells vs MCF-10A noncancerous cells) were performed. The DOX analogue (3a) with the beta-thiopropanamide linker (where R = H) improved physicochemical stability while the P-A-DOX and P-DOX conjugates additionally exhibited sustained drug release under physiological pH conditions. Both 3a and P-A-DOX were docked in the active site of cathepsin L closer than P-DOX, which cathepsin L is a cancer enzyme that has a preference to cleave the amide bond to initiate intracellular drug release. 3a was found to enhance cancer cell selectivity. However, P-A-DOX enhanced both cancer cell cytotoxicity and selectivity and the summative effects were translated to enhance cancer cell cytotoxicity and selectivity in the following order: P-A-DOX > P-DOX > DOX. We suggest that the mPEG-DOX conjugate with the unsubstituted beta-thiopropanamide linker can serve as a selective DOX delivery system for breast cancer treatment.
Supersymmetric solutions of seven-dimensional gauged supergravities and ads7/cft6 duality
Authors:   , Nuchino Patharadanai
Published: September 2023

Describing quantum field theory using the AdS/CFT duality can broaden string theory applications in the context of the holographic principle. This research study supersymmetric solutions of matter-coupled SO(4) and maximal gauged supergravities in seven dimensions of which the dual field theories are sixdimensional superconformal field theories (SCFTs). We find a large class of domain wall (DW) solutions in the maximal theory with various gauge groups. For SO(5) gauge group admitting an AdS7 vacuum, the solutions describe holographic renormalization group (RG) flows from an N = (2, 0) SCFT to non-conformal field theories (SQFTs) in six dimensions. For other gauge groups without AdS7 vacua, these DWs are supersymmetric vacua dual to six-dimensional N = (2, 0) SQFTs. By coupling DWs to three-form fields, we find charged DW solutions in both theories. The solutions with AdS3 × S 3 slices are interpreted as conformal surface defects within the dual field theories in six dimensions. We also find twisted solutions describing holographic RG flows across dimensions from six-dimensional field theories to SCFTs in lower dimensions. We consider solutions of the mattercoupled theory in the presence of a three-form field and extend twisted solutions of the maximal theory to include singularities in the form of curved DWs. In many cases, these singularities are physically acceptable and can be interpreted as SQFTs in lower dimensions. Many solutions can be uplifted to ten and eleven dimensions resulting in new classes of solutions in string and M-theories.
The effect of different surface treatments on tensile bond strength of acrylic denture teeth and light-cured composite resin
Authors:   , Wongpornpirot Chotinut
Published: September 2023

This study evaluated the effect of different surface treatments on the tensile bond strength between acrylic denture teeth and composite resin. Maxillary lateral incisors of conventional acrylic denture teeth (Yamahachi New Ace) and highly cross-linked acrylic denture teeth (Trubyte Bioform IPN teeth) were ground on the labial surfaces. Each type of denture teeth were divided into six groups (n=10) according to surface treatment procedures which are no surface treatment (control), methyl methacrylate treatment (MMA) for 180 seconds, methyl formate-methyl acetate mixture (MF-MA) solution at a ratio of 25:75 (v/v) treatment for 15 seconds, composite bonding agents, MMA (180 seconds) with the application of bonding agent, and MF-MA (15 seconds) with a bonding agent. After surface treatments, light-cured composite resin was packed onto the treated surface. The tensile strength was measured using a Universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min. The data were analyzed using three-way ANOVA and post hoc Dunnett T3 test at a 95% confidence level. The denture teeth type, chemical solvents, and the use of a composite bonding agent significantly affected the tensile bond strength between acrylic denture teeth and composite resin(p<0.05). The bond strengths of the control group, MMA treated, and MF-MA treated group were not significantly different (p>0.05). For Yamahachi teeth, the bond strength of the MF-MA with bonding agent group was significantly higher than the other group (p<0.05) and the MF-MA-bonding agent treated Trubyte IPN teeth. For Trubyte IPN teeth, the MMA-bonding agent treated group showed significantly higher tensile bond strength than the other group (p<0.05). This study suggests the application of MF-MA solution for 15 s followed by a composite bonding agent before repair procedure can increase the tensile bond strength between conventional acrylic denture teeth and resin composite.
The effect of surface treatment on shear bond strength of resin-matrix ceramics and dual-cured resin cement
Authors:   , Bunchuansakul Nuttapong
Published: September 2023

Objective:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Tetrahydrofuran (THF) on shear bond strength (SBS) between resin matrix ceramics (RMC) materials and resin cements.Methods:RMC materials(Enamic,Cerasmart,Shofu block HC) were cut into square piece of approximately 6x6x2 mm3 and randomly divided into 10 groups following the surface treatment:no treatment(C),adhesive
agent(Ad),THF1min(T1),silane/adhesive(Si/Ad),THF1min/adhesive(T1/Ad),THF1min/silane/adhesive(T1/Si/Ad),THF2mins/silane/adhesive(T2/Si/Ad),THF3mins/silane/adhesive(T3/Si/Ad),THF4mins/silane/adhesive(T4/Si/Ad),THF5mins/silane/adhesive(T5/Si/Ad).Specimens were cemented to composite resin rod with resin cement and kept them in water at 37oC for 24 hours.The SBS measurements were tested with universal testing machine.Failure modes were examined by stereomicroscope.The SBS values were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s post hoc tests (α  = 0.05).Results: The highest mean SBS for all RMC materials was found in group T3/Si/Ad (25.37 ± 4.73 MPa) significantly greater than almost all groups (p < 0.05), except for T4/Si/Ad and T5/Si/Ad.In addition, Enamic showed the highest SBS value (28.12 ± 5.45 MPa) followed by Cerasmart and Shofu block HC,respectively. Mixed failure was the most common found in THF with silane and adhesive agent
groups.Conclusion:Tetrahydrofuran with silane and adhesive agent affected to bond strength of RMC materials and resin cements.
Microhardness of light- and dual-cured resin cements after light curing through various translucencies of translucent monolithic zirconia
Authors:   , Pechteewang Sawanya
Published: September 2023

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the microhardness of light- and dual-cured resin cements under various translucencies of monolithic zirconia specimen; translucent (T), super translucent (ST), high translucent (HT), and extra translucent (XT). Materials and Methods: Four different translucencies of zirconia specimen were prepared in the square shape, size 10×10×1 mm. The light-cured resin cement (Variolink® N LC) and the dual-cured (RelyX™ U200) resin cement were mixed and loaded in a 2-mm height and 5-mm diameter of space in a customized mold and cured through the zirconia specimens and 1-mm thick glass slide in a control group, using the light curing unit for 20 seconds (n=5). All samples were stored dry in a dark room at 37°C for 24 h. The microhardness test was performed on the top of the cement layer with a Vickers hardness tester with a 300-g load. The results of mean and standard deviation of Vickers hardness number (VHN) were recorded and statistically analyzed with two-way ANOVA and post hoc analysis (α=0.05). Results: The mean VHN values of both cements were significantly lower when cured under T group compared to the XT, HT, and ST groups. RelyX™ U200 resin cement showed higher VHN value than Variolink® N LC in all groups. Conclusion: The VHN of both light- and dual-cured resin cement was influenced by different translucencies of zirconia. For both light- and dual-cured resin cements under the lowest translucency of T zirconia showed significantly lower than the other groups.
Color stability, nanohardness and elastic modulus of denture base acrylic resins with various polymerization techniques
Authors:   , Losuphakarn Sawita
Published: September 2023

The objective of this study was to evaluate color stability, nanohardness and elastic modulus of denture base acrylic resins with various polymerization techniques after storing in coffee, distilled water or dark chamber. Ninety disc-shaped (9X2 mm) specimens of heat-cured (TRX), microwave-cured (BTC) and light-cured (TRD) were fabricated, and randomly divided in three conditions (n=10). The color difference (DE*) was measured using a spectrophotometer at 1, 7, 28 and 56 days; The nanohardness and the elastic modulus were measured from three randomly selected of each group at day 1 and day 56 after color measurement. The repeated mixed analysis of variance following with Tukey’s HSD multiple comparison and paired samples t-test were statistically analyzed at the confidence level of 95%. The interaction among material groups, storage media over the period of time were observed in the DE* (p<0.001). The DE* of the coffee storage group showed the greatest color change since day 7; TRD was greater color change than BTC and TRX both in coffee and distilled water. All specimens in coffee storage group were darker, less red and more yellow. Moreover, the interaction among three factors of nanohardness and elastic modulus showed no significant difference (p=0.103, 0.138). Those of TRX demonstrated the lowest nanohardness and elastic modulus while BTC and TRD showed almost similar. The nanohardness and the elastic modulus of coffee storage group showed the greatest reduction at 56-day storage, following by those in water.
The experience of the application of safeguards on certain iron or steel products in Indonesia : lesson for Thailand
Authors:   , Santimetvirul Nattanit
Published: September 2023

In comparison to other trade remedies under WTO, the number of safeguard measures imposed by WTO members has been relatively low as the requirements of safeguard is difficult to fulfill. However, there is change to such trend as there has been an increase in number of safeguard measures imposed by Indonesia. The Appellate Body Report on Indonesia — Safeguard on Certain Iron or Steel Products has provided important lesson to Thailand concerning on the determination of safeguard measure which has not been clearly mentioned in the WTO cases. The importance of safeguard characterization has been emphasized. This dispute has given an significant takeaway that the panel is free to perform objective and independent assessment on the characterization of safeguard measure despite the determination of safeguard measures by domestic authorities. This thesis will address the facts and issues arising in Indonesia — Safeguard on Certain Iron or Steel Products. The underlying reasons and effects resulting from the imposition of specific duty on the imports of galvalume which is unbound product under the Schedule of Concessions will also be examined. More importantly, Indonesia — Safeguard on Certain Iron or Steel Products has given significant implication on the determination of safeguard measure, which will consequently reflect the way the WTO Dispute Settlement Body will handle the application of safeguard measure in the future. Ultimately, this thesis will provide recommendation for Thailand in protecting domestic steel industry.
Effect of different silane coupling agents on the wettability and shear bond strength between glass ceramic and resin cement
Authors:   , Tarateeraseth Tanapon
Published: September 2023

Silane coupling agents are synthetic hybrid inorganic-organic compounds that act as adhesion promoters which chemically unify dissimilar materials. Nowadays, many brands of silane coupling agent are commercially available in the market. Each brand formulate differently from one another providing the dentists various options to choose from. The aims of this study was to investigate the effect of treating the lithium disilicate glass ceramic surface with various types of silane coupling agents in term of bonding capability and wettability. The experiment was divided into two parts.

The first part of the research was to evaluate the effect of various type of silane coupling agent on the shear bond strength between lithium disilicate glass ceramic and resin cement. Three commercial dental silanes and one experimental silane were used, in vitro, to promote the bonding of resin cement to lithium disilicate glass ceramic surfaces.

The second part of the research was to investigate the effect of treating the hydrofluoric acid-etched/unetched lithium disilicate surface with various types of silane coupling agents on the contact angle measurement between lithium disilicate glass ceramic surface and deionized water. The silane coupling agents used were the same as those in the first part of the study.

The results of this study showed that the type of silane coupling agent used significantly influence the bond strength between lithium disilicate and resin cement and that application of silane coupling agents significantly reduced the wettability of deionized water on the silane-coated surface. The type of silane coupling agent selected significantly influenced the wettability of deionized water. Etching the surface with hydrofluoric acid prior to silane application significantly increased surface wettability in all treatment groups except for groups that were treated with resin-containing silane coupling agent.
A comparison of emotion regulation strategies’ effectiveness under cognitive fatigue
Authors:   , Churassamee Sirinapa
Published: September 2023

This research compared the effectiveness of three emotion regulation strategies including reappraisal, distraction, and affect labeling under cognitive fatigue. In the 2 (fatigue vs. non-fatigue) × 3 (emotion regulation strategies) within-subject design, 46 participants were randomly assigned into conditions using an incomplete block design method. Self-report negative emotions and skin conductance responses to emotion-eliciting pictures were measured to compare the effectiveness of the strategies. Results showed that reappraisal was more effective in regulating negative emotions than distraction and affect labeling in both fatigue and non-fatigue conditions. While reappraisal was a robust method of regulating emotion, the other two less-demanding strategies show some promising results. The present study provided a consistent conclusion with previous works which showed that reappraisal worked better than distraction and affect labeling. However, no difference in emotional responses was found when comparing the cognitive fatigue conditions.
Drug classification scheme review and the economic impact analysis of abandoning non-prescription drug reimbursement in Thailand
Authors:   , Leelavanich Doungporn
Published: September 2023

In Thailand, controversies regarding the drug classification system persist; it was believed that the number of schemes should be changed, and most drugs classified into improper schemes. The system is not also fully used to allocate healthcare budgets, while several other countries cease non-prescription (OTC) drugs reimbursement to allocate this expenditure to catastrophic diseases instead. This study thus aims to (i) review drug classification system in Thailand by comparing to other countries, (ii) evaluate the economic impact of delisting OTC drugs from drug reimbursement list using non-sedating antihistamines (AH) in patients suffering from intermittent allergic rhinitis as a case study, and (iii) formulate an updated Thailand’s drug classification system. For the first part; The US, the UK, Japan, Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines and Canada were selected to compare. The schemes and written criteria were targeted review from each respective country’s drug regulatory agency website, available published research, and expert interviews. The actual drug schemes of 53 selected drugs were then compared across different countries. For the second part, a decision tree model was used to conduct budget impact analysis using the healthcare system perspective to compare continuing (policy 1) vs abandoning reimbursement of non-sedating AH (policy 2). The primary outcome was cost-saving. Sensitivity analyses were performed. It was found that all eight countries classify drugs into two major categories: prescription and non-prescription drugs. Some countries further subclassify non-prescription drugs. Most selected drugs in Thailand are behind-the-counter drugs, varied from antihistamines, antihypertensives to vaccines. Thai people easier access to drugs that need prescriptions in other countries since no prescriptions required. For the economic impact, when assuming non-sedating AH were no longer reimbursed, and doctor (MD) visits were decreased from 70% to 30%, Thailand would save 2.24 billion baht (72.39 million USD). The most impact parameter is MD visit probability. Cost-saving can be achieved when decreasing MD visit probability in policy 2 to a particular point, depending on the MD visit probability in policy 1. In conclusion, the number of schemes in the drug classification system is not an issue, but putting drugs in schemes is. The new reimbursement policy of OTC drug is also worth considering policy. The updated system provided in this study should be further developed by expert consultations and public hearing. More campaigns to support self-care culture in Thai populations are required.
Model development and economic evaluation of vendor-managed inventory (VMI): a case study of a provincial hospital
Authors:   , Adirektawon Sarunya
Published: September 2023

The research comprises three purposes: 1). to explore the current situation on inventory management in hospitals;  2). to develop an effective VMI model for a hospital, and 3). to evaluate the financial impact of the VMI model. This article studies the medicine selection, procurement, and inventory management theme of the in-depth interview data analysis. The current situation analysis reveals that there are two main issues of the current medicine supply chain management. This article analyzes the limitation following the USAID VMI model development guideline. The researcher suggests developing the 3rd Party Managed Inventory Services (3MIS) model to solve the issue found in the situation analysis. The 3MIS model is developed to assume that the third party is set as the intermediated role. Financial impact assessment aims at comparing costs between the current situation model and the VMI-based supply chain management models. This study would focus on procurement and inventory management activities. The study calculates costs using the traditional costing system, lists the activities in medicine supply chain management. The financial assessment reveals that the VMI-based model wastes less cost compare with the current situation. The research also considers cost categories changing. The total process cost of the first year is different, about 20 million THB. The total procurement cost between the two scenarios is similar. The current scenario shows the higher basic cost of the procurement activity. The VMI-based scenario reduces this type of cost on the assumption of reducing the resource used. However, the VMI scenario has a higher management cost. The increased management cost is based on the additional services from the vendor. The carrying cost of the VMI scenario is lower comparing with the current situation model. The lower carrying cost comes from lower average inventory.
Effect of the scaffolded reading experience using a graphic novel on the English reading comprehension and reading motivation of Thai EFI students
Authors:   , Kennedy Uthumporn
Published: September 2023

The purposes of this study were 1) to investigate the effect of a graphic novel on students’ English reading comprehension and 2) to explore students’ English reading motivation while reading a graphic novel. Participants included 20 tenth grade Thai EFL students, who were studying in an Intensive English course. The experiment took 12 periods. The instruments used in this research were the English reading comprehension test, reading motivation questionnaires, lesson plans and student journals. The Paired sample t-test was used to investigate the difference between students’ mean scores between the Pre- and Post- English reading comprehension and reading motivation test scores. Content analysis was also used to analyze student journals in order to further gauge students’ reading motivation, attitude and opinions when reading the graphic novel.

The results revealed that (1) students gained higher scores on the English reading comprehension and reading motivation questionnaire post-test at the .05 significance level. (2) student journals demonstrated intrinsic motivation and made reference to activities as being enjoyable and motivating. Students reported in their journals that the visual-based formats in the graphic novel, such as character’s actions, emotions, movements and moods which often come in different colours, angles or shading helped reading comprehension because the visuals enable them to connect with the written text.  Additionally, there was evidences after delivery each lesson that reading the graphic novel helped students to use and build their background knowledge and expand their vocabulary.
การพัฒนารูปแบบยูเลิร์นนิงด้วยวีดิทัศน์สถานการณ์แบบมีปฏิสัมพันธ์และการสะท้อนคิดเพื่อส่งเสริมความสามารถในการแก้ปัญหาของนักศึกษาทางไกลระดับปริญญาตรีในมหาวิทยาลัยเปิด
Authors:   , นาคมงคล กิตติพันธ์
Published: September 2023

การวิจัยครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์ 1) เพื่อพัฒนารูปแบบยูเลิร์นนิงด้วยวีดิทัศน์สถานการณ์แบบมีปฏิสัมพันธ์และการสะท้อนคิดเพื่อส่งเสริมความสามารถในการแก้ปัญหาของนักศึกษาทางไกลระดับปริญญาตรีในมหาวิทยาลัยเปิด 2) เพื่อศึกษาผลการใช้รูปแบบยูเลิร์นนิงฯ และ 3) เพื่อศึกษาความคิดเห็นของผู้เรียนที่มีต่อรูปแบบยูเลิร์นนิงฯ เครื่องมือที่ใช้ในการวิจัย ได้แก่ แบบสอบถามความคิดเห็นเกี่ยวกับสภาพและความต้องการของนักศึกษาเกี่ยวกับรูปแบบยูเลิร์นนิงฯ แบบสัมภาษณ์ความคิดเห็นของผู้เชี่ยวชาญ U-learning (Ujalearn U-learning for all-เสิร์ฟความรู้สู่คนอยากเรียน) และแผนการกำกับกิจกรรม แบบประเมินรูปแบบฯ แบบวัดความสามารถในการแก้ปัญหาก่อนเรียนและหลังเรียน และแบบสอบถามความคิดเห็นของผู้เรียนที่มีต่อรูปแบบยูเลิร์นนิงฯ กลุ่มตัวอย่างที่ศึกษาความคิดเห็น ได้แก่ นักศึกษาทางไกล ระดับปริญญาตรีในมหาวิทยาลัยเปิด จำนวน 384 คน และผู้เชี่ยวชาญด้านเทคโนโลยีการศึกษาและด้านการจัดการเรียนการสอนทางไกล จำนวน 3 คน กลุ่มตัวอย่างที่ใช้ในการพัฒนารูปแบบ คือ ผู้เชี่ยวชาญด้านเทคโนโลยีการศึกษาและด้านการจัดการเรียนการสอนทางไกล จำนวน 7 คน กลุ่มตัวอย่างที่ใช้ในการทดลอง คือ นักศึกษาทางไกล ระดับปริญญาตรีในมหาวิทยาลัยสุโขทัยธรรมาธิราช จำนวน 45 คน สถิติที่ใช้วิเคราะห์ข้อมูลเชิงปริมาณ ได้แก่ ความถี่ ร้อยละ ค่าเฉลี่ย ส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐานและ การทดสอบค่าที (t-test dependent) ผลการวิจัยพบว่า

1) รูปแบบยูเลิร์นนิงด้วยวีดิทัศน์สถานการณ์แบบมีปฏิสัมพันธ์และการสะท้อนคิดเพื่อส่งเสริมความสามารถในการแก้ปัญหาของนักศึกษาทางไกลระดับปริญญาตรีในมหาวิทยาลัยเปิดที่พัฒนาขึ้น ประกอบด้วย 1.1) ปัจจัยนำเข้าหรือองค์ประกอบของยูเลิร์นนิง ประกอบด้วย 5 ปัจจัย คือ บุคลากร (Personnel) กิจกรรมการเรียนรู้ (Learning Activities) สื่อการเรียนรู้ (Learning Media) เครื่องมือ อุปกรณ์ และเทคโนโลยีการสื่อสาร (Tools, Equipment and Information Technology) และแบบประเมินผล (Evaluation) 1.2) กระบวนการจัดการเรียนรู้ (Learning Process) ประกอบด้วย 3 ขั้นตอน คือ ขั้นเตรียมการจัดกิจกรรมการเรียนรู้ (Preparation Before Learning) ขั้นจัดการเรียนรู้ด้วยวีดิทัศน์สถานการณ์แบบมีปฏิสัมพันธ์และการสะท้อนคิด (Interactive Scenario Video Learning & Reflective Thinking Process) และขั้นประเมินผล (Appraising Stage) 1.3) ผลลัพธ์ (Output) คือความสามารถในการแก้ปัญหา ประกอบด้วย ขั้นระบุปัญหา ขั้นวิเคราะห์สาเหตุปัญหา ขั้นศึกษารวบรวมข้อมูลเพื่อแก้ปัญหา ขั้นนำเสนอวิธีการแก้ปัญหา และขั้นตรวจสอบผลการแก้ปัญหา

2) ผลการศึกษาการพัฒนารูปแบบยูเลิร์นนิงด้วยวีดิทัศน์สถานการณ์แบบมีปฏิสัมพันธ์และการสะท้อนคิดเพื่อส่งเสริมความสามารถในการแก้ปัญหาของนักศึกษาทางไกลระดับปริญญาตรีในมหาวิทยาลัยเปิด พบว่า คะแนนเฉลี่ยความสามารถในการแก้ปัญหาหลังเรียนของกลุ่มตัวอย่างสูงกว่าคะแนนเฉลี่ยก่อนเรียนอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ .05

3) ผลการศึกษาความคิดเห็นของผู้เรียนที่มีต่อรูปแบบยูเลิร์นนิงด้วยวีดิทัศน์สถานการณ์แบบมีปฏิสัมพันธ์และการสะท้อนคิดในภาพรวมอยู่ในระดับมาก (M = 4.21, SD = 0.09)
มาตรฐานการจัดการสื่อและทรัพยากรการเรียนรู้สำหรับโรงเรียนในศตวรรษที่21
Authors:   , เติมจิตร ทองจันทร์
Published: September 2023

การวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อวิเคราะห์ สังเคราะห์ มาตรฐาน ตัวชี้วัด การจัดการสื่อและทรัพยากรการเรียนรู้สำหรับโรงเรียนในศตวรรษที่ 21 เพื่อจัดทำและนำเสนอมาตรฐานการจัดการสื่อและทรัพยากรการเรียนรู้สำหรับโรงเรียนในศตวรรษที่ 21 สำหรับโรงเรียน สังกัดสำนักงานคณะกรรมการการศึกษาขั้นพื้นฐาน กระทรวงศึกษาธิการ วิธีดำเนินการวิจัยมี 3 ระยะ ได้แก่ ระยะที่1 วิเคราะห์ สังเคราะห์ เอกสาร วรรณกรรม งานวิจัย และเอกสารอื่นๆ ที่เกี่ยวข้องกับมาตรฐานการจัดการสื่อและทรัพยากรการเรียนรู้สำหรับโรงเรียนในศตวรรษที่ 21 ระยะที่2 จัดทำมาตรฐานการจัดการสื่อและทรัพยากรการเรียนรู้สำหรับโรงเรียนในศตวรรษที่ 21 ระยะที่3 การศึกษาความเป็นไปได้เกี่ยวกับมาตรฐานการจัดการสื่อและทรัพยากรการเรียนรู้สำหรับโรงเรียนในศตวรรษที่ 21 กลุ่มตัวอย่างคือ ผู้บริหารโรงเรียน ข้าราชการครู สังกัดสำนักงานคณะกรรมการการศึกษาขั้นพื้นฐาน จำนวน 255 คน ได้มาจากการสุ่มตัวอย่างแบบกลุ่ม เก็บข้อมูลโดยใช้แบบสอบถาม วิเคราะห์ข้อมูลโดยใช้สถิติเชิงพรรณนา การวิเคราะห์เนื้อหา การวิเคราะห์องค์ประกอบเชิงยืนยัน ผลการวิจัยพบว่า (1) มาตรฐานการจัดการสื่อและทรัพยากรการเรียนรู้สำหรับโรงเรียนในศตวรรษที่ 21 ในโรงเรียนสังกัดสำนักงานคณะกรรมการการศึกษาขั้นพื้นฐาน กระทรวงศึกษาธิการ มี 4 มาตรฐาน 13 องค์ประกอบ 43 ตัวชี้วัด ประกอบด้วยมาตรฐานที่ 1) ด้านการพัฒนา มีค่าเฉลี่ยเท่ากับ 3.90 มี 4 องค์ประกอบ 1) กระบวนการพัฒนาสื่อการเรียนรู้ 2) ความรู้ ทักษะ คุณธรรม 3) การพัฒนาผู้สอน 4) การพัฒนาผู้เรียน มี 14 ตัวชี้วัด มาตรฐานที่ 2) ด้านการใช้ มีค่าเฉลี่ยเท่ากับ 3.80 ประกอบด้วย 3 องค์ประกอบ 1) การใช้สื่อการเรียนรู้ 2) เทคโนโลยีการเรียนรู้ 3) การประเมินสื่อการเรียนรู้ มี 12 ตัวชี้วัด มาตรฐานที่3) ด้านการจัดการ มีค่าเฉลี่ยเท่ากับ 3.79 ประกอบด้วย 3 องค์ประกอบ 1) การจัดการโครงการ 2) โครงสร้างพื้นฐาน 3) ทรัพยากรการเรียนรู้ มี 9 ตัวชี้วัด มาตรฐานที่ 4) ด้านการเรียนการสอน มีค่าเฉลี่ยเท่ากับ 3.75 ประกอบด้วย 3 องค์ประกอบ 1) หลักสูตรการเรียนรู้ 2) รูปแบบการจัดการเรียนรู้ 3) การประเมินเพื่อพัฒนาผู้เรียน มี 8 ตัวชี้วัด (2) การวิเคราะห์องค์ประกอบเชิงยืนยันของมาตรฐานการจัดการสื่อและทรัพยากรการเรียนรู้สำหรับโรงเรียนในศตวรรษที่ 21 พบว่าทุกตัวชี้วัดมีค่าน้ำหนักองค์ประกอบมากกว่า 0.4 โดยมีค่าน้ำหนักองค์ประกอบระหว่าง 0.511 – 0.823 แสดงว่าเป็นองค์ประกอบที่มีความสัมพันธ์กัน จำแนกได้ดังนี้ 1) ด้านการพัฒนา (Development) มี 14 ตัวชี้วัด มีค่าน้ำหนักองค์ประกอบระหว่าง 0.511 ถึง 0.751 2) ด้านการใช้ (Utilization) มี 12 ตัวชี้วัด มีค่าน้ำหนักองค์ประกอบระหว่าง 0.607 ถึง 0.785 3) ด้านการจัดการ (Management) มี 9 ตัวชี้วัด มีค่าน้ำหนักองค์ประกอบระหว่าง 0.706 ถึง 0.812 4) ด้านการเรียนการสอน (Instruction) มี 8 ตัวชี้วัด มีค่าน้ำหนักองค์ประกอบระหว่าง 0.657 ถึง 0.823
ผลของการใช้โมบายแอปพลิเคชันเพื่อการศึกษาร่วมกับเทคนิคจิ๊กซอว์ที่มีต่อการทำงานร่วมกันสำหรับนักเรียนมัธยมศึกษาตอนต้น
Authors:   , แสงทอง นพดล
Published: September 2023

การวิจัยครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อ 1) พัฒนาโมบายแอปพลิเคชันเพื่อการศึกษาร่วมกับเทคนิคจิ๊กซอว์สำหรับมัธยมศึกษาตอนต้น 2) เปรียบเทียบผลของการทำงานร่วมกันก่อนและหลังเรียนของกลุ่มผู้เรียนที่ใช้โมบายแอปพลิเคชันเพื่อการศึกษาร่วมกับเทคนิคจิ๊กซอว์ 3) เปรียบเทียบผลของการทำงานร่วมกันหลังเรียนของกลุ่มผู้เรียนที่ใช้โมบายแอปพลิเคชันเพื่อการศึกษาร่วมกับเทคนิคจิ๊กซอว์กับกลุ่มที่ใช้เทคนิคจิ๊กซอว์ และ 4) ศึกษาความพึงพอใจของกลุ่มผู้เรียนที่ใช้โมบายแอปพลิเคชันเพื่อการศึกษาร่วมกับเทคนิคจิ๊กซอว์ กลุ่มตัวอย่างคือ นักเรียนระดับชั้นมัธยมศึกษาปีที่ 2 โรงเรียนเซนต์คาเบรียล จำนวน 40 คน แบ่งเป็นกลุ่มทดลองที่ 1 ที่ใช้เทคนิคจิ๊กซอว์ และกลุ่มทดลองที่ 2 ที่ใช้โมบายแอปพลิเคชันเพื่อการศึกษาร่วมกับเทคนิคจิ๊กซอว์ จำนวนกลุ่มละ 20 คน เครื่องมือที่ใช้ในการวิจัย ประกอบด้วย 1) แผนการจัดการเรียนรู้  2) โมบายแอปพลิเคชันเพื่อการศึกษาร่วมกับเทคนิคจิ๊กซอว์  3) แบบวัดทักษะการทำงานร่วมกัน 4) แบบสังเกตพฤติกรรม และ  5) แบบสอบถามความพึงพอใจ สถิติที่ใช้วิเคราะห์ข้อมูลคือ ค่าเฉลี่ย ส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน และ t-test สรุปผลการวิจัยได้ดังนี้  1) ผลการพัฒนาโมบายแอปพลิเคชันเพื่อการศึกษาร่วมกับเทคนิคจิ๊กซอว์สำหรับมัธยมศึกษาตอนต้นภาพรวมในระดับมากที่สุด 2) กลุ่มผู้เรียนที่ใช้โมบายแอปพลิเคชันเพื่อการศึกษาร่วมกับเทคนิคจิ๊กซอว์มีคะแนนเฉลี่ยทักษะการทำงานร่วมกันหลังเรียนสูงกว่าก่อนเรียนอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ .05  3) กลุ่มผู้เรียนที่ใช้โมบายแอปพลิเคชันเพื่อการศึกษาร่วมกับเทคนิคจิ๊กซอว์มีคะแนนเฉลี่ยทักษะการทำงานร่วมกันหลังเรียนสูงกว่ากลุ่มผู้เรียนที่ใช้เทคนิคจิ๊กซอว์อย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ .05 และ  4) กลุ่มผู้เรียนที่ใช้โมบายแอปพลิเคชันเพื่อการศึกษาร่วมกับเทคนิคจิ๊กซอว์มีความพึงพอใจภาพรวมในระดับมาก