bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of the content of isobutane in the feed stream of the plant for sulfuric acid alkylation of isobutane with olefins
Authors: Zhadyaev A. A. , Popov S. V. , Khabibrakhmanova O. V. , Balabashkina D. E.
Published: September 2023

The raw materials for the industrial production of moto- and air-alkylates are isobutane and butane-butylene fractions containing in their composition a component, n-butane, which is inert for the reaction of sulfuric acid alkylation of isobutane with olefins. In accordance with the Specifications TU 0272-024-00151638-99, the content of n-butane in the isobutane fraction, depending on the grade of the fraction, is 0.7÷20% wt. Its presence reduces the useful reaction volume of the alkylation reactor, and when separating the components of the alkylation reaction mass, it is necessary to use a distillation column (debutanizer). The possibility of including an additional column in the technological scheme for removing n-butane from the composition of the fraction (respectively, isobutane concentration) before it is fed into the alkylation reactor is being considered. This is of particular importance for factions with a brand below "High Brand". The study is conducted using the Honeywell UniSim Design software system. The Peng-Robinson method was used to calculate the properties of process stream components. The theoretically optimal design of the apparatus was calculated: when using a distillation column with a pressure in the apparatus of about 400 kPa to reduce the content of n-propane in the distillate (obtained isobutane fraction) to 0.001 mol. the share will require 48 theoretical plates, the accepted reflux ratio R = 8.9, the temperatures in the condenser and reboiler are 26.88 and 47.27 °C, respectively. A computational experiment has shown that in order to achieve the practical absence of n-butane in the obtained isobutane fraction (concentration of about 0.1% wt.), it is possible to use a distillation column with the following technological modes: the number of plates is 60, the feed plate is 15, the efficiency of contact devices is 0.8; the pressure in the column is about 400 kPa, the temperature in the condenser and reboiler is Тk=28.91÷29.05 ℃ and Тр=46.72÷47.25 ℃, respectively, reflux ratio R=20.41. This fraction also does not contain pentanes.
Influence of soda-sulfate mixture on physicochemical properties of saponite suspension
Authors: Zubkova O. S. , Toropchina M. A.
Published: September 2023

This article deals with the problem of clayey sludge utilization of diamondiferous ore enrichment. Thickening of saponite sludge by means of chemical treatment is currently considered as the most effective way to clarify the volume of water sufficient to maintain the recycling water supply of the enterprise and, as a consequence, to reduce the volume of additional water introduced into the process. The authors propose a new coagulant for settling saponite sludge - sodium sulfate mixture, which is a by-product of aluminum production. The use of sodosulfate mixture will reduce the amount of waste for both the diamond mining plant's concentrator and the alumina production. The question of the mechanism of interaction of saponite sludge particles with the proposed reagent is considered. The aim of the research is to find physical and chemical regularities of interaction of clayey slime particles with sodosulfate mixture. Chemical and mineral composition of used raw materials, surface charge of clay particles, granulometric composition of experimental samples and their electrokinetic potential were determined in the work. The results of the studies showed that the mineral composition of the clay slurry includes the following minerals: saponite, kaolin, serpentine, beidelite, dolomite. The surface charge of clay particles is negative. The chemical composition of the soda-sulfate mixture is represented in the form of oxides: Na2O, SO3, CO2, Al2O3. The dependence of the electrokinetic potential on the mass of the mineral additive introduced into the slurry was revealed. It was noted that the absolute value of ζ-potential remains above 30 mV despite increasing the concentration of the additive, but coagulation of clay particles occurs and the system in question loses sedimentation stability at a concentration of sodium sulfate mixture of 14.4 g/l.
Separation of aliphatic amino acids from aqueous media with an aminophosphonic ion exchanger
Authors: Bondareva L. P. , Zagorulko E. A. , Astapov A. V.
Published: September 2023

The sorption of the aliphatic amino acids glycine and α-alanine by an aminophosphonic ion exchanger is studied and the dynamics of sorption is described using a kinetic equation. Experimental studies were carried out on a designed experimental setup with a fixed ion exchanger layer, in which the purified and regenerating solutions are passed through the sorbent layer in various directions. The heterogeneous ion exchange process includes the transport of sorbent ions in the liquid phase to the grain surface and the removal of desorbed ions from it, interphase transfer, diffusion of sorbed and desorbed ions inside the grain, since not all functional groups of the sorbent are localized on the surface, and a reversible ion exchange reaction. The kinetic equation of the Thomas model takes into account the multistage sorption and adequately describes the dependence of the degree of extraction of the component on the duration of contact of the solution with the ion exchanger layer. The equation of the Thomas model has been modernized taking into account the effect on the dynamics of the process of diffusion resistances in the channels of the layer and the grains of the ion exchanger in a column with a fixed loading. The upgraded model is applied to describe the dynamics of ion exchange of aliphatic amino acids on an aminophosphonic ion exchanger and the possibility of using a one-dimensional capillary flow model to estimate the diffusion resistance during fluid movement in the channels of the ion exchanger layer is shown. The agreement of the calculated and experimental output curves of sorption of aliphatic amino acids from aqueous solutions of various concentrations has been verified. It is shown that the upgraded model adequately describes the dependence of the degree of amino acid extraction on the duration of contact of the solution with the polyampholite layer at different feed rates of the purified solution.
Modification of polyvinyl alcohol by ozonated oxidation in an aqueous solution
Authors: Studenikina L. N. , Protasov A. V. , Borzenkov D. A. , Melnikov A. A. , Domareva S. Y.
Published: September 2023

Currently, the task of obtaining polyvinyl alcohol oligomers (PVA) is urgent to create functional materials of a new generation with specified properties. One of the methods of modification of PVS is ozonolysis, which has a number of advantages over other methods of oxidative degradation of polymers. The aim of the work is to evaluate the structural changes and physico–mechanical characteristics of film samples of PVS modified by ozonated oxidation. To carry out the oxidation process, a 5% aqueous solution of PVA brand 1799 was prepared. The ozone-oxygen mixture was obtained using an ozonizer of a known design. The oxidation of PVS was carried out in a glass thermostatically controlled flask at 70 ° C, blowing an ozone-oxygen mixture through an aqueous solution of PVS for 40 minutes. Sampling was carried out after 10, 20 and 40 minutes of oxidation. The films were obtained by irrigation followed by air drying, after which they were subjected to IR spectrometric analysis and strength indicators were determined. As a result of the study, it was found that the modification of PVA brand 1799 by ozonated oxidation in an aqueous medium is accompanied by the following change in IR spectrograms: in the region of 1400 - 1600 cm-1, a sharp decrease in the intensity of the peak corresponding to hydroxyl groups forming hydrogen bonds is observed for ozone-oxidized PVA, in the region of 1650 – 1700 cm-1, a pattern of decrease in intensity is noted the peak with an increase in the oxidation time of PVA with ozone, which indicates a decrease in the MM of the polymer as a result of oxidative degradation, in the region of 3400 – 3600 cm-1 marked a change in the nature of the spectrogram, which also indicates a change in the structure of hydrogen bonds in oxidized PVS; the physico-mechanical properties of film samples subjected to 40-minute ozonated oxidation of PVS change towards a decrease in both strength and elongation at break by an average of 4 times, the Young's modulus decreases by more than 3 times, and the stretching diagram changes character in the zone of highly elastic deformation (the intensity of stress growth decreases by 1.5-2 times as the film elongates during stretching) and the fracture zone (the diagram acquires a stepwise character without a sharp break), which is associated with a decrease in the molecular weight of the PVS, the acquisition of new functional groups, a change in the stereoregularity of the hydroxyl groups of the main polymer chains, an increase in amorphousness and a change in their relaxation time.
Properties and structural features of epoxycomposites reinforced with modified PAN- flagellum
Authors: Zubova N. G. , Gerasimova V. M. , Levkina N. L. , Ustinova T. P. , Kostin K. B.
Published: September 2023

The performance characteristics of composite materials reinforced with polyacrylonitrile technical flagellum (PAN-TF), which has the reactivity of functional groups, can be improved by modifying it. The aim of the work was to study the effect of polyacrylonitrile fibrous materials, applied with AGM-9, A-187, A-174 and Duron OS 3151 modifiers, on the kinetics of the ED-20 epoxy resin curing process, structural features of the developed composites and their operational properties. The methods of kinetic research, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy and mechanical testing of composite materials were used in the work. The effect of modified PAN-TF on the change in the kinetics of the curing process of the epoxy binder is shown, characterized by an increase in the curing time, a decrease in the maximum curing temperature and a decrease in the activation energy of the curing ED-20. The results of kinetic studies are confirmed by the data of DSC epoxy compositions based on modified PAN-TF, which show a decrease in the maximum temperature and an increase in the thermal effects of the ED-20 curing process in the presence of the studied reinforcing systems compared with epoxy composite reinforced with unmodified flagellum. The structure formation of epoxy compositions under milder conditions ensures the formation of a contact zone between the elementary fibers and the binder, which contributes to an increase in the solidity of plastics compared to a composite based on the original PAN-TF. A comparative analysis of the strength properties of the studied composites showed that when applied to ED-20, there is an improvement in strength indicators. The assessment of kinetic parameters, structural features and strength properties of the developed composites reinforced with modified PAN-TF indicates an increase in the surface activity of fibrous materials as a result of their modification.
Electrical conductivity of modified fabrics with carbon coating
Authors: Lozitskaya A. V. , Kondratov A. P. , Yamilinets S. U.
Published: September 2023

Using the example of fabrics and knitwear from a mixture of natural and synthetic polymer fibers, the possibility of obtaining polymer compositions intended for the manufacture of electrically conductive elements for aviation, robotics and so-called "wearable electronics" for medical purposes is shown. The mechanical and electrical properties of fibrous compositions filled with carbon dispersions in various allotropic forms in combination with both soluble and insoluble high-molecular compounds in the form of powders or solutions have been studied. Dispersions of various forms of carbon with a close particle size distribution were selected from among commercially available brands of printing pigments and ingredients of rubber and electrical products. Carbon dispersions were investigated: graphite, carbon black and single-walled nanotubes in the form of a stabilized aqueous suspension. The well-known and justified optimal technological methods of introducing electrically conductive ingredients into the composition of composite materials, taking into account the structure and composition of fabrics. The advantage of spraying electrically conductive graphite particles on the surface of fibers and filaments in combination with the application of solutions and dispersions is shown, which makes it possible to obtain compositions for resistors and strain sensors with a sufficient level of strength and elasticity. The stretching diagram of the sensors and the dependence of the electrical resistance of the composition on the elongation with a high degree of confidence can be divided into two linear sections. The first section in the range of relative tensile strain from 2 to 30% is most consistent with practical application. The coefficient of sensitivity to deformation (GF) of a fabric-based strain gauge does not exceed 10 in the range of deformation in the diagonal direction up to 20%, and the coefficient of sensitivity to deformation on knitwear, regardless of the direction of cutting samples from the canvas, is two orders of magnitude higher and is about 950 to a relative elongation of 30% and 90 in the range of a relative elongation of 30÷45%. The maximum strain sensitivity (QF) of laboratory samples based on knitted fabric, with a deformation of less than 30%, is about 1350 kPa-1 and 4900 kPa-1 at maximum elongation%. The hysteresis of electrical properties with multiple deformations does not exceed 4%.
Investigation of the dynamics of the chemical composition of fermented apple juices in the process of acetic acid fermentation
Authors: Zhukovskaya S. V. , Babaeva M. V. , Kazartsev D. A. , Zhirov V. M. , Vorobjov D. A.
Published: September 2023

The article presents the results of a study aimed at a deep and comprehensive study of the factors that determine the effectiveness of the biochemical oxidation process, the study of the dynamics of the chemical composition of apple materials in the process of acetic acid fermentation. At the first stage of the study, a study of the chemical composition of apple juices was conducted. The pH, the content of solids, titrated acids, volatile acids, extract, sugars, nitrogenous substances, phenolic substances and carbohydrates were determined in the studied juice samples. At the second stage, a study of the chemical composition of apple materials was carried outduring fermentation. Fermentation of apple juice was carried out on a pure culture of yeast Apple-7. Fermentation was carried out at a temperature of 20-22⁰C. The finished fermented juice was alcoholized to 9% by volume and stored before use. Further, acetic acid fermentation was carried out in a deep way. The main technological and biochemical parameters were determined in fresh apple juice, fermented alcoholic juice and vinegar. As a result of determining the fractional composition of nitrogenous, phenolic substances and carbohydrates of apple juices, it was found that the chemical composition of apple juices depends on the method of processing apples and their varietal characteristics In the process of acetic acid fermentation of apple materials, a change in nitrogenous and phenolic substances is observed. At the same time, the carbohydrate composition practically does not change. When apple materials are oxidized by acetic acid bacteria, the processes of aldehyde formation and ether formation are significantly intensified. Thus, the data obtained indicate a variety of chemical composition of apple materials and vinegar obtained from them. In general, the chemical composition of apple materials and vinegar depends on the quality of processed raw materials and technological conditions of production.
Perspectives of computational fluid dynamics methods in the study of membrane processes
Authors: Klyuchnikov A. I. , Ovsyannikov V. Y. , Klyuchnikova D. V. , Davydov A. M.
Published: September 2023

In mathematical modeling of membrane processes, the study of structural features of used membranes and the significant limitation of information in the formal description of their separation properties led to the development of physical models that take into account not only the features of structures of real membranes, but also their peculiarities of functioning. When compiling physical models of membrane processes, it is impossible to objectively quantify most of the factors due to their great diversity and variability, which distances the mathematical model from the real process. That is why methods of computational fluid dynamics reliably and efficiently perform calculations for all physical models and types, including stationary or transient flow, incompressible or compressible flow (from small subsonic to hypersonic), simulation of laminar or turbulent flows, Newtonian or non-Newtonian fluids, ideal or real gas. An electronic geometric model of the plant was built, a choice of mesh geometry with different densities was made to optimize the calculation time and solution accuracy for a particular case, the kinetic dependence of cell growth was calculated, the flow rates of feeding medium into the intra- and inter-fiber spaces of the bioreactor were determined, and the hydrodynamic conditions were analyzed.
Comparative analysis of hop starter cultures for whole grain bread
Authors: Kovaleva A. E. , Pyanikova E. A. , Bykovskaya K. I. , Sidorov E. Y.
Published: September 2023

Recently, the tradition of baking sourdough bread has been revived all over the world. The Industrial Revolution has radically changed the technology of making bakery products. Information about the dangers of high-speed yeast is rapidly spreading, which makes the consumer think about the benefits of the products consumed. Technologists of the baking industry, in turn, this forces them to return to their origins and develop recipes for healthy traditional bread according to international standards. During the research, three samples of starter cultures for whole-grain bread based on decoctions from hop cones were developed. Hop cones contribute to obtaining an optimal starter culture and the successful reproduction of yeast flora in it. They help to activate the fermentation process. They contain a large amount of antioxidants, which increases the shelf life of bread and allows it to be enriched. A comparative analysis of the activity of yeast cells in the hop ferments being developed using the Goryaev chamber was carried out. Counting of yeast cells showed that in the samples of hop starter cultures No. 1 and No. 2, their number differs slightly and amounts to 6.75·108 cl/cm3 and 6.25·108 cl/cm3, respectively. In sample No. 3, the content of yeast cells turned out to be slightly less than in the others. This indicates that in the production of bread with the use of this hop starter, the fermentation operation will take a longer time. The analysis of the technological process of preparing starter cultures of samples No. 2 and No. 3 showed that in sample No. 3 it is quite time-consuming and time-consuming. The results obtained on the development of samples of hop starter cultures indicate the possibility of their application in the technology of whole grain bread products.
The effectiveness of the use of the probiotic complex Subtilis-C in the field of industrial rabbit breeding
Authors: Derkanosova A. A. , Kurchaeva E. E. , Lytkina L. I. , Maksimov I. V. , Popov D. O. , Zvyagin A. N.
Published: September 2023

For the successful development of the livestock industry, including rabbit breeding, it is necessary to reveal the genetic potential of breeding facilities by balancing feed rations and including dietary supplements in their composition that help maintain their homeostasis and reduce the negative impact of various stress and feed factors on the body of farm animals. Currently, there are a number of feed components that stimulate the productivity and growth of animals, birds, and animals. One of them are probiotic drugs that have a positive effect on strengthening immunity, strengthening health and increasing productivity of various types of farm animals. The aim of the work is to substantiate the effectiveness of the use of the probiotic drug Subtilis - C as part of a full-fledged granular compound feed for young rabbits to increase their meat productivity. To study the effect of the probiotic drug Subtilis - C, 45 rabbits aged 30 days were selected. Rabbits of the control group were fed according to the scheme adopted by the farm with a full-grain granular feed PZK-92 UAH, experimental groups of rabbits received feed rations based on the feed PZK-92 (obtained on the basis of cereals, sunflower cake, wheat bran, herbal flour from alfalfa and premix KVP P90-1K), which included probiotic the additive "Subtilis-S" (2 · 109) in a dosage of 0.6 and 1.0 g / kg of compound feed and hydrolysate of oats in a dosage of 2% as a binder instead of molasses. It is proved that the use of the probiotic drug "Subtilis-S" in a dosage of 1.0 g / kg by weight of compound feed increases the average daily gains and, as a consequence, meat productivity and protein content in the muscle tissue of rabbit carcasses.)
Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Tamarix ramosissima halophyte and its application in the food industry
Authors: Polovinchina D. I. , Egorov M. A. , Sukhenko L. T. , Novichenko O. V. , Baimukhambetova A. S.
Published: September 2023

Tamarix ramosissima is a halophytic species with diuretic, diaphoretic, astringent, analgesic and hemostatic effects. Decoctions and infusions used for various diseases are prepared from it. Infusion of flowers is useful for stomach inflammation, decoction of branches is effective for rheumatism, infusion of leaves and bark is prescribed for diarrhea, bleeding and diseases of the spleen. Tamarix twigs are brewed like tea. In the past, a decoction of the fruits of the plant was used in the Caucasus against infertility, and a decoction of branches treated syphilis. In this work, we investigated the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Tamarix ramosissima inflorescence extracts as an additive in the food industry. The results showed that the inflorescences exhibit high antioxidant activity, the degree of inhibition at 20 µl of the studied material is 9 times greater. compared with ascorbic acid and 3 times compared with emoxypine. In addition, tamarisk extracts have shown noticeable antibacterial properties against the Staphylococcus aureus strain. The strongest activity was recorded in 70% of the water-alcohol extract of inflorescences at a minimum concentration of 1 to 10. These data indicate that tamarix can be considered as an interesting source of antioxidants for the therapeutic or nutraceutical industry and for food production. These indicators characterize tamarisk extracts as an object for further study, and without a doubt are promising and little-studied raw materials for the food industry
Research of consumer preferences in the production of bioactive pates for nutrition of pregnant women
Authors: Alekseeva T. V. , Nazarova N. E. , Orlova A. I. , Davydova J. Y. , Novik I. R. , Pimanova N. A.
Published: September 2023

The article discusses the issues of the need to create and demand in the consumer market of commodity product lines for adolescents. The authors propose the composition of the food system for the enrichment of snack products for teenagers. As components of the food system, the following were chosen: wheat germ cake, whey protein concentrate, food chickpeas and Japanese kelp powder. The selected types of domestic raw materials have a high biopotential, attractive economic characteristics and are very promising in the production of food products for children of the older age group. The protein content in the food system was 47 g per 100 g of product. The use of an enricher in the composition of finished products, with the obtained total protein content, is advisable, since its amount is comparable to the daily norm, which predictably confirms the principles of the functionality of food products. The technological process of production of the food system included the stages of acceptance and preparation of raw materials, dosing and mixing of components, packaging. Based on the data on meeting the daily requirement for nutrients and energy, it can be stated that the content of vitamins A, D, B7, selenium, chromium and copper in the FOS was 15% or less. The concentration of vitamins: B2, B3, B6, B9, B12, C, K and minerals - calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chlorides, molybdenum, fluorine was within 20-50%. At the same time, the content of iron, zinc, magnesium and vitamin E is set to more than 50% or at the level of the average daily requirement, which allows the food system to be included in products as a fortified supplement. The rich vitamin and mineral composition of the fortifier predictably ensures the maintenance of many functions of a rapidly developing adolescent organism, including ensuring the proper functioning of the skeletal system, muscles, heart and brain, the production of enzymes and hormones. The high biological value of the additive suggests the prospect of its use as a protein and vitamin-mineral fortifier in the production of high-carbohydrate confectionery products, in particular snack bars.
Dry protein mixture for food rations fortification based on membrane methods for processing secondary dairy raw materials
Authors: Glotova I. A. , Tihonov G. S. , Galochkina N. A. , Shahov S. V.
Published: September 2023

Protein deficiency in the diets of various determined groups of consumers is a serious nutritional problem. The problem of protein deficiency in diets can be solved by developing protein mixtures for their enrichment, taking into account trends in personalized nutrition. Whey processing using membrane technologies corresponds to the concept of Green, Circular, Bio economy. Membrane technologies make it possible to fractionate various whey components and obtain high-tech protein products. The aim of the study is to develop a basic recipe, assess the organoleptic properties and physicochemical characteristics of a dry protein mixture based on whey proteins obtained on the basis of membrane methods. Whey protein concentrate UF WPC - 80 was used as the main component of the protein mixture. Whey protein concentrate and isolate in a 6:1 ratio form the basis of the protein mixture we have developed. We offered options for expanding the range of flavoring additives for dry protein mixtures by combining traditional flavoring additives "Strawberry", "Cherry", "Apple", "Pineapple", "Melon". We have provided an optional addition of papaya and pineapple extracts in case of decreased activity of digestive enzymes, for example, in the elderly people. The technological scheme for obtaining the finished product provides for two-stages dry mixing of the components and the use of commercially available equipment. The protein mixture is a dry powder and is recommended for use in liquid form by restoring it with water, milk or natural juice, for example, veatgrass. We investigated the composition and properties of the developed dry protein mixture in accordance with official and generally recognized test methods. The developed product meets the requirements of TR CU 021/2012 "On food safety" and can be recommended to increase the adaptive capabilities of consumers of various age and physiological groups to physical and neuro-emotional stress, as a fortifying component of diets
Conversion of by-products of alcohol production to produce isobutanol
Authors: Zueva N. V. , Veretennikov S. A. , Novikova I. V.
Published: September 2023

Intensive research is underway in all developed countries to create an economical process for the production of butanol and its derivatives from biomass, which reduces the cost of the product compared to existing processes for producing synthetic butanol based on fossil raw materials. This is primarily due to the prospects of using butanol and its derivatives as an alternative fuel. The paper proposes a technology for the production of isobutyl alcohol, which provides for the processing of by-products of alcohol production by hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde. A concentrate of ethyl alcohol head fractions (KGF) and a concentrate of ethyl alcohol head fractions (KGF) were used as objects of research. In the process of work, a technology for processing by-products of alcohol production is proposed, which includes a number of stages with the production of isobutyl alcohol as a finished product, which can be used in the production of plastics, rubber, coatings, medicine and the production of special solvents, as well as as an additive to fuel. Experimental studies were conducted to obtain isobutanol and study its physicochemical properties: color, density; mass fraction of isobutyl alcohol, mass fraction of acids in terms of acetic acid, bromine number, mass fraction of carbonyl compounds in terms of oil aldehyde, mass fraction of non-volatile residue. The technological process at the isobutanol production plant is differentiated by stages, which are carried out sequentially in separate reactors with the treatment of intermediates with catalysts. As a result of the developed technology, butyl alcohol with a mass fraction of isobutyl alcohol of at least 99.3% was obtained.
Creation of a functional curd product with the addition of non-traditional raw materials
Authors: Vorobeva E. E. , Minina V. I. , Soboleva O. A. , Milentyeva I. S. , Neverova O. A.
Published: September 2023

Non-communicable diseases often occur due to an unbalanced diet. Cardiovascular diseases that develop due to oxidative stress are in the first place in mortality. To reduce the risk of diseases of the cardiovascular system, geroprotectors are used, in large quantities contained in vegetables. Natural substances of this type include ascorbic acid and chlorophyll, which have antioxidant activity and are part of broccoli cabbage. These substances contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract also occur due to malnutrition (leads to a decrease in the amount of beneficial intestinal microflora). Eating cottage cheese and products based on it helps to replenish the necessary amount of natural intestinal microflora, due to fermented milk bacteria. The purpose of the work is to develop a functional curd product with the addition of mashed broccoli. During the study, it was found that the titrated acidity of the curd mass with broccoli puree was 113.0 ° T, the mass fraction of moisture, sucrose, protein and fat – 40,5 %, 10,8 %, 15,7 %, 4,2 %, accordingly, the energy value of 100 g of the product is 110 kcal. The number of lactic acid bacteria is 13×106 CFU/g. Conditionally pathogenic microorganisms were not detected during the study. The antioxidant activity of the curd mass with broccoli was 55.02%, which is 30.55% more than that of the curd mass without additives. The amount of chlorophyll was 24.36 mg/100g of the product. Due to the introduction of broccoli into the curd mass, the content of B1 increased by 1.45 mg/100g of the product; B3 – 1.69 mg/100g of the product; B6 – 0.01 mg/100g of the product; C – 102.8 mg/100g of the product. Thus, the developed curd mass with broccoli is a functional food product for the prevention of diseases of the cardiovascular system and gastrointestinal tract.
Nutritional and protective environmental factors for microbial consortium cultivation
Authors: Boyarineva I. V. , Khamagaeva I. S.
Published: September 2023

Currently, the use of highly active probiotic strains for obtaining consortia with high biochemical and technological potential is relevant and promising in the dairy industry. Such probiotic microorganisms include propionic acid bacteria and Acidophilus bacillus. The creation of a consortium based on Propionibacterium freudenreichii Sh 85 and L. acidophilus makes it possible to develop specialized food products and biologically active additives with high probiotic properties. An inoculate was obtained based on pure cultures of Propionibacterium freudenreichii Sh 85 and L. acidophilus in a ratio of 2:1, which has a high biochemical activity and can provide a high level of enzymatic processes when co-cultured on a dairy medium. The nutrient medium based on whey has been optimized for obtaining the biomass of a consortium of propionic acid bacteria and Acidophilus bacillus. The optimal temperature range for biomass growth is (30±2) °C. The article shows the results of the selection of the optimal amount of cobalt ions in the nutrient medium. For normal biomass growth, high yield of viable cells of Propionibacterium freudenreichii Sh 85 and L. acidophilus cultures and vitamin B12 biosynthesis, a dose of 0.0025 g/l cobalt chloride was selected. The resulting biomass is characterized by a high titer of viable cells of propionic acid bacteria and Acidophilus bacillus 1012 k.f.u./cm3. The accumulation of vitamin B12 is active in the biomass. Cellular biomass is applicable as a biologically active additive for direct consumption and in the dairy industry as a bacterial concentrate.
Selection of biopolymer carriers for immobilization of essential elements on their surface
Authors: Belokurova E. V. , Sargsyan M. A. , Popov E. S. , Alekseeva T. V.
Published: September 2023

Optimization of food recipes, in order to increase their nutritional and biological value, remains relevant in the modern world. In regions with an identified imbalance of essential elements, correction of the diet of the population is necessary. One of the most effective methods is the enrichment of products with immobilized colloidal structures of the necessary elements on the surface of biopolymer carriers. Sorption immobilization is more often used in the food industry, due to its simplicity, cheapness and efficiency, as well as due to the weak influence of the carrier on the catalytic ability of the dispersed phase. As carriers suitable for the immobilization of elements, first of all, insoluble or gel-forming natural sorbents are suitable. These include: agar, pectin, chitosan, collagen, starch, cellulose, coal and others. The article lists the most suitable methods of immobilization, selected carriers. In order to minimize the negative impact of the dispersion medium, the use of a multicomponent carrier is proposed. This applies to both hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds. It is possible to combine biopolymers with coal, in order to increase the sorption capacity and antimicrobial properties of the finished surface. In the case of pectin and agar, the thermal reversibility of the carrier can be used to simplify the storage of the finished immobilized structure. Currently, technologies for the immobilization of essential elements on the surface of biopolymer carriers are being developed in order to optimize recipes for culinary products and dishes for the food industry.
Testing the hypothesis of the normality of the falling number of oatmeal in small samples
Authors: Shmalko N. A. , Nikitin I. A. , Velina D. A. , Ponomareva L. F. , Terentev S. E.
Published: September 2023

Verification of the hypothesis of the normality of small samples is required to establish whether the empirical distribution obtained belongs to the theoretical distribution. The condition for testing the hypothesis of normality for a set of small independent samples is the presence of a sufficient number of them with the same volume. In this case, it is possible to test the hypothesis of the normality of the general aggregates from which the studied samples were taken, assuming that the parameters of these aggregates have different values. When testing the hypothesis of normality for a large number of small samples, only one value of the first, second, etc. measurements is randomly selected from each sample, thereby allowing simplification and random selection of data. The object of this study is small samples of the falling number of oat flour used in bakery production in the development of bakery products. The purpose of this work was to test the hypothesis of normality for small samples of the experiment using the nonparametric criterion of agreement ω2 of the smallest of each of the four definitions of the incidence number, since rounding the values of direct measurements excludes the random nature of the quantity or its normal distribution in favor of a uniform one. It was found that at a significance level of p = 0?05, the table value (nω2)1-p is greater than the calculated value of nω2 for all four definitions, hence the hypothesis of the normal distribution of small samples for all four definitions (as random variables) of the falling number of oatmeal does not deviate. The results obtained in this work are consistent with the generally accepted classical concepts of testing the statistical hypothesis of the normal distribution of samples. The statistical method provides sufficient accuracy of the studied indicator in technical systems and does not require the synthesis of a statistical criterion to test the hypothesis of the normality of small sample.
Sample distribution of observations of the falling number of corn flour
Authors: Shmalko N. A. , Nikitin I. A. , Mutallibzoda Sherzodkhon , Goncharov A. V. , Kuznetsova E. V.
Published: September 2023

The sample distribution of observations is studied in order to study the variational feature, while the measured value is considered as random. For practical purposes, the empirical distribution of a random variable is estimated by proximity to the theoretical law. The statistical hypothesis of the sample data belonging to the general population is tested using the consent criteria. The object of this study was the observation of the falling number of corn flour, which is a prescription component of bakery products. In world practice, the falling number method for raw materials from corn is used as a reference for establishing reference interval values, detecting a variation of the studied trait. The purpose of this work was to study the sample distribution of observations of the falling number of corn flour to determine the representativeness of the sample of experimental data. Relying on Glivenko's theorem on the expediency of grouping sample data into a variation series in order to replace the distribution function of the general population with a sample distribution function, at the beginning of the research, the sample data were converted into a statistical series. The research material was an industrial sample of fine-ground corn flour that meets the requirements of GOST 14176-69 "Corn flour. Technical conditions". The falling number was studied when implementing the standard method on the PPP-99 device according to GOST ISO 2093-2016 "Grain and its processed products. Determination of the number of falls by the Hagberg-Perten method". The interval variation series was studied according to a wide list of characteristics: distribution center indicators (sample mean, mode, median, quartiles, deciles), variation indicators (span, average linear deviation, variance, unbiased variance estimate, mean square deviation, coefficient of variation, linear coefficient of variation, oscillation coefficient), distribution form indicators (relative quartile variation index, asymmetry coefficient, Pearson structural asymmetry coefficient, kurtosis index), indicators of interval estimation of the center of the general population (confidence intervals for the general average, interval estimation of the general share, i.e. the probability of an event). For the studied random variable of the falling number of corn flour, the hypothesis of a normal distribution was proved using the indicators of asymmetry and kurtosis, as well as using the 3σ sigma rule. As a result of the calculations, the representativeness of the sample data with respect to the variation of the studied trait in the general population was established
Development of a recipe for wheat bread with an increased content of dietary fiber
Authors: Androsova N. V. , Toshev A. D. , Lagutkina L. Y.
Published: September 2023

At present, there is a persistent deficiency of dietary fiber in the diet of the adult population of Russia. A promising source of dietary fiber is the by-products of oilseeds processing. The article proposes a method for enriching wheat bread with dietary fibers by introducing hemp meal, which is formed during the production of protein isolate from hemp cake and contains 57.5±0.4% dietary fiber. The aim of the work was to establish the optimal dosage of meal in the recipe of wheat bread by comparative analysis of organoleptic (appearance, color of the crust and crumb, porosity structure, taste, smell, chewability) and physico-chemical (humidity, acidity, crumb porosity, specific volume of bread) characteristics . The objects of the study were a control sample of bread made from premium wheat flour, as well as model samples of bread with various additions of meal. Standard methods were used to study the main qualitative characteristics of the control and model samples of bread. The optimal dosage of meal was established in the amount of 15% by weight of flour. A sample of bread with the addition of 15% meal was characterized by the compliance of organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters with the requirements of GOST R 58233-2018 “Wheat bread. Specifications". An increase in the content of dietary fiber in the optimal sample by 5.4% was found compared to the control sample. It has been established that eating 100 g of bread per day, obtained according to an optimized recipe, will satisfy the need for dietary fiber in an adult by 31.6-39.5%. The result of the study is an optimized dosage of hemp meal in the wheat bread recipe. This bread can be recommended as a source of dietary fiber.
Analysis of the functional and technological potential of the use of Jerusalem artichoke in food production: an overview of the subject field
Authors: Razhina E. V. , Smirnova E. S. , Gorelik O. V. , Stepanov A. V. , Pavlova Y. S.
Published: September 2023

Jerusalem artichoke is a tuber of the asteraceae family, it is important as a natural food fortifier of food products, including fermented milk, meat, confectionary, bakery products. Jerusalem artichoke is used to produce extracts, syrups, pastes, powders intended for food enrichment. Jerusalem artichoke is contain biologically active substances, including a unique carbohydrate complex consisting of fructose and its polymers (inulin). Currently, concentrates with different functional and technological properties are produced from jerusalem artichoke, which determine the water-absorbing ability, chemical composition and colloidal processes. The review is devoted to the analysis of literature sources, including scientific articles in Russian and foreign journals in order to study the range of food products with the addition of different concentrates of jerusalem artichoke and study their chemical and technological properties. The range of concentrates used for food enrichment is presented. The general patterns of influence of concentrates on the technological properties of finished products were revealed. The authors have shown that not all concentrates have a positive effect on the structure of the finished product. The chemical composition of various jerusalem artichoke concentrates was analyzed. Concentrates with a high carbohydrate composition had a high nutritional value: dried tubers, pulp additive, powder. The analyzed concentrates had a low fat content, which confirms the possibility of use in dietary and therapeutic nutrition. The analyses of the vitamin composition of concentrates was carried out, vitamin C was the predominant. The most common type of Jerusalem artichoke widely used in various sectors of the food industry (powder) was determined.
Promising methods for intensifying the process of sucrose extraction from beet chips
Authors: Korneeva O. S. , Yakovleva S. F. , Matvienko N. A. , Frolova L. N. , Motina E. A. , Shuvaeva G. P.
Published: September 2023

The sugar beet industry in Russia has unexhausted reserves of its development, so to use them requires a set of measures to improve the efficiency of sugar production, in which an important role should be given to the extraction process. The efficiency of the extraction process determines the conditions of subsequent technological operations and affects the production of sugar in general. In addition, as a result of extraction produces a multi-tonnage waste of sugar beet production - pulp, the problem of disposal of which is acute for the sugar industry. Therefore, a comprehensive consideration of the process of sugar production includes the issues of deep processing of pulp, as a valuable raw material resource, which contributes to reducing the amount of waste sugar beet production and solving the problem of environmental pollution. Sugar beet industry occupies an important place in the agro-industrial complex of the country. Among the food and processing industries in Russia, sugar beet production is one of the most highly industrialized and energy-intensive. This monoproduct industry is a very peculiar phenomenon in the economy and, in particular, in the food industry. In this article we will consider some of the most promising methods for intensifying the process of sucrose extraction from beet chips, as well as processing of secondary resources of sugar beet production with obtaining new products of high quality.
The problem of quality and safety of alcohol products
Authors: Kovaleva T. S. , Yakovlev A. N. , Agafonov G. V. , Yakovleva S. F.
Published: September 2023

This article considers the main problems of quality and safety of alcohol products, as well as possible ways to solve this problem. Alcohol is one of the most common psychoactive substances in the world. The quality and safety of alcohol products and ethyl alcohol are often threatened and cause serious concerns from consumers, government agencies, and the general public. Many alcohol producers are interested in creating products with the maximum amount of alcohol and the minimum cost. This leads to the use of low-grade ingredients, the mixing of different types of alcohol, and a significant increase in alcohol content to critical levels. This can cause even more serious consequences for people's health, especially for those who already have problems with alcohol addiction. One of the urgent problems of Russian consumer market is adulteration of alcohol products sold to population through retail trade network. Consumption of adulterated alcoholic beverages is dangerous to life due to high content of toxic impurities. Even a slight excess of impurities can cause intoxication of the human body, having toxic, allergenic, immunomodulatory, genotoxic effect that negatively affects the reproduction function, hormonal regulation. In order to solve the problem of quality and safety of alcohol products, it is necessary to carry out its qualitative control at each stage of production. This will help to exclude the use of low-quality raw materials, improper combination of components and violation of technological processes. To combat unlicensed production, it is necessary to toughen penalties for its implementation. It is also necessary to monitor the market and identify cases of sale of illegal products.