bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Near‐Real‐Time Version of the Cross‐Calibrated Multiplatform (CCMP) Ocean Surface Wind Velocity Data Set
Authors: Mears Carl A. , Scott Joel , Wentz Frank J. , Ricciardulli Lucrezia , Leidner S. Mark , Hoffman Ross , Atlas Robert
Published: October 2019

The Cross‐Calibrated Multiplatform (CCMP) ocean surface wind data set was originally developed by Atlas and coworkers to blend cross‐calibrated satellite winds, in situ data, and wind analyses from numerical weather prediction. CCMP uses a variational analysis method to smoothly blend these data sources into a gap‐free gridded wind estimate every 6 hr. CCMP version 2.0 is currently produced by Remote Sensing Systems using consistently cross‐calibrated satellite winds, in situ data from moored buoys, and background winds from the ERA‐Interim reanalysis. The reanalysis fields are only available after a delay of several months, making it impossible to produce CCMP 2.0 in near real time. Measurements from in situ sources such as moored buoys are also often delayed. To overcome these obstacles and produce a near‐real‐time (NRT) version of CCMP (CCMP‐NRT), two changes are made to the input data sets: The background winds are now the operational 0.25‐degree NCEP analysis winds, and no in situ data are used. This allows CCMP‐NRT to be routinely processed with a latency of less than 48 hr. An intercomparison of the CCMP‐NRT results with CCMP 2.0, and independent measurements from moored buoys shows that CCMP‐NRT provides a modest improvement over the background wind from NCEP in regions where satellite data are available. Analysis shows that the inclusion of in situ measurement in CCMP improves the agreement with these measurements, artificially reducing estimates of the error.
Hydrogeologic Controls of Surface Water‐Groundwater Nitrogen Dynamics Within a Tidal Freshwater Zone
Authors: Barnes Rebecca T. , Sawyer Audrey H. , Tight Delaney M. , Wallace Corey D. , Hastings Meredith G.
Published: October 2019

Microbial processing of reactive nitrogen in stream sediments and connected aquifers can remove and transform nitrogen prior to its discharge into coastal waters, decreasing the likelihood of harmful algal blooms and low oxygen levels in estuaries. Canonical wisdom points to the decreased capacity of rivers to retain nitrogen as they flow toward the coast. However, how tidal freshwater zones, which often extend hundreds of kilometers inland, process and remove nitrogen remains unknown. Using geochemical measurements and numerical models, we show that tidal pumping results in the rapid cycling of nitrogen within distinct zones throughout the riparian aquifer. Near the fluctuating water table nitrification dominates, with high nitrate concentrations (>10 mg N/L) and consistent isotopic composition. Beneath this zone, isotopes reveal that nitrate is both denitrified and added over the tidal cycle, maintaining nitrate concentrations >3–4 mg N/L. In most of the riparian aquifer and streambed, nitrate concentrations are <0.5 mg N/L, suggesting denitrification dominates. Model results reveal that oxygen delivery to groundwater from the overlying unsaturated soil fuels mineralization and nitrification, with subsequent denitrification in low‐oxygen, high organic matter regions. Depending on flow paths, tidal freshwater zones could be sources of nitrate in regions with permeable sediment and low organic matter content.
The relative importance of factors predicting outcome for myeloma patients at different ages: results from 3894 patients in the Myeloma XI trial
Authors: Pawlyn Charlotte , Cairns David , Kaiser Martin , Striha Alina , Jones John , Shah Vallari , Jenner Matthew , Drayson Mark , Owen Roger , Gregory Walter , Cook Gordon , Morgan Gareth , Jackson Graham , Davies Faith
Published: October 2019

Disease factors such as tumor burden and molecular risk affect myeloma patient outcomes as well as patient factors that impact the capacity to deliver treatment. How the relative importance of these factors changes with patient age has not previously been investigated comprehensively. We analyzed data from 3894 patients of all ages uniformly treated in a large clinical trial of myeloma patients, Myeloma XI. Even with novel therapeutic approaches progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) are affected by age with a stepwise reduction in PFS and OS with each decade increase. Renal function deteriorated with increasing age whilst the frequency oft(4;14) and del(17p) decreased and gain(1q) increased. The relative contribution of performance status, international staging score and molecular risk to progression-free and overall survival varied by age group. Molecular events have a larger effect on outcome in younger patients with their relative contribution diminishing in the elderly. Performance status is important for patient outcome at all ages suggesting that physical frailty may be a more important predictor of outcome than age itself. Significant differences in the factors driving patient outcomes at different ages are important to consider as we design disease segmentation strategies to deliver personalized treatment approaches.
Nationwide randomised trial evaluating elective neck dissection for early stage oral cancer (SEND study) with meta-analysis and concurrent real-world cohort
Authors: Hutchison Iain L. , Ridout Fran , Cheung Sharon M. Y. , Shah Neil , Hardee Peter , Surwald Christian , Thiruchelvam Janavikulam , Cheng Leo , Mellor Tim K. , Brennan Peter A. , Baldwin Andrew J. , Shaw Richard J. , Halfpenny Wayne , Danford Martin , Whitley Simon , Smith Graham , Bailey Malcolm W. , Woodwards Bob , Patel Manu , McManners Joseph , Chan Chi-Hwa , Burns Andrew , Praveen Prav , Camilleri Andrew C. , Avery Chris , Putnam Graham , Jones Keith , Webster Keith , Smith William P. , Edge Colin , McVicar Iain , Grew Nick , Hislop Stuart , Kalavrezos Nicholas , Martin Ian C. , Hackshaw Allan
Published: October 2019

Background

Guidelines remain unclear over whether patients with early stage oral cancer without overt neck disease benefit from upfront elective neck dissection (END), particularly those with the smallest tumours.

Methods

We conducted a randomised trial of patients with stage T1/T2 N0 disease, who had their mouth tumour resected either with or without END. Data were also collected from a concurrent cohort of patients who had their preferred surgery. Endpoints included overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). We conducted a meta-analysis of all six randomised trials.

Results

Two hundred fifty randomised and 346 observational cohort patients were studied (27 hospitals). Occult neck disease was found in 19.1% (T1) and 34.7% (T2) patients respectively. Five-year intention-to-treat hazard ratios (HR) were: OS HR = 0.71 (p = 0.18), and DFS HR = 0.66 (p = 0.04). Corresponding per-protocol results were: OS HR = 0.59 (p = 0.054), and DFS HR = 0.56 (p = 0.007). END was effective for small tumours. END patients experienced more facial/neck nerve damage; QoL was largely unaffected. The observational cohort supported the randomised findings. The meta-analysis produced HR OS 0.64 and DFS 0.54 (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

SEND and the cumulative evidence show that within a generalisable setting oral cancer patients who have an upfront END have a lower risk of death/recurrence, even with small tumours.

Clinical Trial Registration

NIHR UK Clinical Research Network database ID number: UKCRN 2069 (registered on 17/02/2006), ISCRTN number: 65018995, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00571883.
Pathobiological and Radiological Approach For Hepatocellular Carcinoma Subclassification
Authors: Vasuri Francesco , Renzulli Matteo , Fittipaldi Silvia , Brocchi Stefano , Clemente Alfredo , Cappabianca Salvatore , Bolondi Luigi , Golfieri Rita , D’Errico Antonietta
Published: October 2019

Many advances have been made in the imaging diagnosis and in the histopathological evaluation of HCC. However, the classic imaging and histopathological features of HCC are still inadequate to define patient’s prognosis. We aimed to find the link between new proposed morphovascular patterns of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features to identify pre-operatory markers of biologically aggressive HCC. Thirty-nine liver nodules in 22 patients were consecutively identified. Histopathological analysis and immunohistochemistry for CD34 and Nestin were performed to identify the four different HCC morphovascular patterns. MRI was performed using gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid. Three out of four morphovascular HCC patterns showed peculiar MRI features: in particular Pattern D (solid aggressive HCCs with CD34+/Nestin+ new-formed arteries) were isointense on T1-WI in 83% of cases and hyperintense on T2-WI in 50%. Five histologically-diagnosed HCC were diagnosed as non-malignant nodules on MRI due to their early vascularization and low aggressiveness (Pattern A). The comparison between histology and MRI confirms that a subclassification of HCC is possible in a pre-operatory setting. MRI seems to reinforce once more the identity of the different morphovascular HCC patterns and the possibility to pre-operatively identify HCCs with features of biological aggressiveness.
Investigation of Ionic Liquid interaction with ZnBDC-Metal Organic Framework through Scanning EXAFS and Inelastic Neutron Scattering
Authors: Dutta Rituraj , Rao Mala N. , Kumar Ashok
Published: October 2019

Zn based Metal-Organic Framework (MOF), Zinc 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate (ZnBDC) has been synthesized and incorporated with ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3 methylimidazolium bromide (BMIMBr) at optimum 50 wt% of IL. Interaction of BMIMBr in the micropores of ZnBDC-MOF is investigated by XPS, scanning EXAFS and inelastic neutron spectroscopy. Significant increase in binding energies of Zn spin-orbit peaks upon IL incorporation is observed from XPS spectra indicating motion of Br− anions of the IL BMIMBr towards the unsaturated Zn cluster of ZnBDC-MOF. The k-space periodicity as well as the local coordination geometry of Zn K-edge is investigated from the scanning EXAFS and XANES spectra. Asymmetric oscillation periodicity has been observed from the k-space scanning XANES spectra upon IL incorporation. Difference in peak positions of oxygen and zinc are observed from the R-space scanning EXAFS spectra suggesting change in coordination geometry due to dehydration of Zn2+ ion in the ZnBDC-MOF upon IL incorporation. Incorporation of IL in the pores of ZnBDC-MOF gives rise to increased scattering intensity in the Inelastic Neutron Scattering (INS) spectra, which is attributed to the displacement of IL ions in the MOF pores.
A forskolin-conjugated insulin analog targeting endogenous glucose-transporter for glucose-responsive insulin delivery
Authors: Wang Jinqiang , Wang Zejun , Yu Jicheng , Zhang Yuqi , Zeng Yi , Gu Zhen
Published: October 2019

A new insulin analog has been obtained by modifying insulin with forskolin (designated as insulin-F), a glucose transporter (Glut) inhibitor. Insulin-F is capable of binding to Glut on the plasma membrane in a glucose-dependent manner.
Is sulfidation a true detoxification process for silver nanoparticles?: from the perspective of chronic exposure
Authors: Li Mingzhu , Li Jing , Sun Jing , He Yuning , Chen Pengjia , Zhang Chengdong
Published: October 2019

Sulfidation of silver nanoparticles may camouflage its long term effect with imperceptible acute toxicity.
Significantly enhanced photocatalytic performance of In2O3 hollow spheres via the coating effect of an N,S-codoped carbon layer
Authors: Sun Liming , Yuan Yusheng , Li Rong , Zhan Wenwen , Wang Xiao-Jun , Zhao Yanli , Han Xiguang
Published: October 2019

Hollow spheres assembled from N,S-codoped carbon layer coated In2O3 nanoparticles are developed to conduct efficient photocatalysis for oxidative hydroxylation of arylboronic acids.
Balancing charge-transfer strength and triplet states for deep-blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence with an unconventional electron rich dibenzothiophene acceptor
Authors: Huang Rongjuan , Kukhta Nadzeya A. , Ward Jonathan S. , Danos Andrew , Batsanov Andrei S. , Bryce Martin R. , Dias Fernando B.
Published: October 2019

Manipulation of the emission properties of deep-blue emitters exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) through molecular design is reported.
Double-sided printed circuit textiles based on stencil-type layer-by-layer coating with PEDOT:PSS:Ag nanowires and chitosan for electrothermochromic displays
Authors: Kim Seung Hyun , Ko Heung Cho
Published: October 2019

Demonstration of a printed circuit textile with a high patterning resolution and robustness under harsh environmental conditions for e-textile applications.
A visible light detector based on a heterojunction phototransistor with a highly stable inorganic CsPbIxBr3−x perovskite and In–Ga–Zn–O semiconductor double-layer
Authors: Na Hyun-Jae , Cho Nam-Kwang , Park Jintaek , Lee Sung-Eun , Lee Eun Goo , Im Changik , Kim Youn Sang
Published: October 2019

An all-inorganic heterojunction phototransistor with perovskite (CsPbIxBr3−x) and IGZO is introduced to enhance the sensing performance of optoelectronic devices and to expand the detecting range from the ultraviolet to the visible light region.
Portable device for thermal nondestructive testing of hidden corrosion in metallic shells by using a LED heat source
Authors: Simonov D.A. , Moskovchenko A.I.
Published: October 2019

Thermal nondestructive testing (NDT) is a promising technique for detecting hidden corrosion in metallic shells, such as above-ground tanks, pipes, containers, etc., due to its high productivity and illustrativeness. However, the use of powerful halogen lamps in practical applications is questionable because of reflected radiation and safety requirements. In this paper, a portable thermal NDT device using a LED heater is described. Such heaters operate at wavelengths which are beyond of the spectral band of contemporary infrared imagers. Also, they can use a battery as a power supply thus meeting in-field requirements, for example, in the petrochemical industry. Depending on defect size and material loss, the developed portable thermal NDT device can detect corrosion in steel shells with thickness up to 8 mm.
Cathodic protection of structures in seawater using solar panels
Authors: Chernov Boris Borisovich , Vu Van Mung , Nugmanov Anac Maskharovich , Yuryevna Firsova Lyudmila
Published: October 2019

It is well known that the cathodic protection of structures in seawater is accompanied by the formation of calcareous deposits on them. In current study, we consider the physicochemical modelling of the formation of the deposit composition against cathode current density in seawater. The reliability of the model representations is confirmed by direct experiments. The work also studied the protective properties of the deposits with a different composition for low-alloy steels in natural sea water. It has been shown that the deposits of pure Mg(OH)2and the deposits of CaCO3+ Mg(OH)2had better protective ability against corrosion than the deposits of pure CaCO3. However, the deposits of Mg(OH)2dissolved faster than the deposits of CaCO3and CaCO3+ Mg(OH)2. Theoretical concepts and experiments on the laws governing the formation of the deposits and their protective properties are in complete agreement with each other. This allows to use the obtained patterns in the cathodic protection of structures in sea water using solar panels, forming standard deviations with predetermined protective properties in the daytime.
Study of factors enabling initiation and behavior of grooving corrosion
Authors: Popov Grigory , Kasyanov Alexander , Bolobov Victor , Krivokrysenko Elena
Published: October 2019

The work describes the experimental definition of the main factors that contribute to the emergence of grooving corrosion: availability of abrasive particles in flow which are transported in specific terms when they are capable of scratching the bottom generating line of a pipeline by creating stress concentrators; availability of considerable residual stresses in pipe metal; oxygen availability in reaction zone.
Providing resistance to sulfide stress corrosion cracking of pipelines welded joints by selection of welding parameters
Authors: Khudyakov Artem , Danilkin Pavel
Published: October 2019

Sulfide stress cracking (SSC) is one of the most dangerous types of pipelines destruction. Thermal impact of the welding process drives to heterogeneity of the microstructure and properties of the metal, which can lead to cracking of pipeline welded joints. Resistance to SSC of welded joints is determined by the thermal cycle of welding and cooling rate in the temperature range of austenite transformation. Due to performed studies based on simulation of welding heating the recommended range of cooling rates of 10–30 ° C/s was established, in which the resistance to SSC of welded joints is ensured. To calculate the cooling rates in coarse grained heat affected zone (CGHAZ) finite-element models of heat distribution were developed for longitudinal multi-electrode submerged arc welding (SAW) and multi-pass girth welding of pipes. Using the developed welding models, it was found that in order to achieve the cooling rate in CGHAZ it is necessary to reduce heat input up to 15-30% during multi-electrode SAW process of longitudinal welds of pipes . For multi-pass girth welding it is necessary to preheat the edges to be welded up to 100-300 °C depending on type of welding (GMAW or SMAW) and pipe wall thickness.
Steel for gas and oil pipelines resistant to destruction in hydrogen sulphide-containing media
Authors: Matrosov Yury , Shabalov Ivan , Kholodnyi Alexey , Velikodnev Valery
Published: October 2019

About a third reserves of the natural gas and oil contain H2S impurities, which, in the presence of moisture, form an acidic medium and can lead to pipeline destruction by the mechanisms of hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) and sulfide stress cracking (SSC). With the growing number of hydrocarbon fields being developed with a high content of H2S, the demand for gas and oil large diameter pipes grade from ВМS to Х70MS with high resistance to HIC and SSC increases. Comprehensive studies have been carried out in laboratory and industrial conditions to determine the effect of the chemical composition and thermomechanical processing on the microstructure, mechanical properties and resistance to HIC of rolled plates from low-alloy pipe steels. Optimal concentration of segregating elements (С ≤ 0.06%, Mn ≤ 1.00%), and schedules of accelerated cooling after controlled rolling (Тsc ≥ Ar3; Тfc = 520±30°C; Vc ≥ 20°C/с) provide the high resistance to destruction in H2S-containing media due the formation of a homogeneous microstructure without developed central segregation heterogeneity was determined. According to the research results, the technology for manufacturing of plates for large-diameter pipes grade X52MS, X56MS, X60MS, and X65MS ordered for sour service was developed.
New approach to development and manufacturing technologies of duplex steel
Authors: Orlov Victor , Levkov Leonid , Dub Vladimir , Balikoev Alan , Shurygin Dmitry
Published: October 2019

We conducted a brief review of current production and application of duplex and super duplex steels for manufacture of equipment exposed to the hazard of sulphide stress-corrosion cracking, sea water and other corrosive environment. The super duplex steel with enhanced corrosion-mechanical characteristics in comparison with the known steels of austenitic-ferritic class was developed. Based on the concepts of formation of a special structure of two-phase austenitic-ferritic steels in the process of crystallization, the possibilities of compositional, technological, thermal and special impact techniques are considered and advanced ways of controlling physical, chemical, structural homogeneity and properties of super duplex steels are developed. Electroslag remelting with the application of low-frequency alternating current provides effective control over the length of the two-phase area, the size of the primary dendrites of the austenitic and ferritic phases, the average distance between their axes, the parameters of the crystallizing cell, the development of liquation phenomena and the size of the growing non-metallic phases. Within framework of the proposed approach, the thermodynamic and kinetic conditions for the formation and growth of hardening phases are assessed, a new composition and a complex technology for the manufacture of corrosion-resistant super duplex steels for gas and oil production equipment has been developed. Thermodynamically stable, having sizes of 30-300 nm, niobium nitrides and carbonitrides are located inside the grains of the ferritic phase. At the same time, the sigma phase and chromium carbide precipitates at the intergrain boundaries are not observed. The results of the determination of mechanical and corrosion properties in accordance with the NACE TM 0177 standard (method A), tests of corrosion witness-samples in field conditions demonstrate the advantages and prospects of using new super duplex steel for the manufacture of oil and gas production equipment operating in an environment with high H2S content and CO2 under significant mechanical loads, without the risk of brittle fracture.
EXPERIENCE IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF ALUMINUM ALLOY CASING FOR CONDITIONS OF HIGH CONTENT OF ACID GASES IN FORMATION FLUIDS
Authors: Sledkov Vladimir , Gelfgat Mikhail , Basovich Dmitry
Published: October 2019

When selecting a casing material for fields with a high content of H2S and CO2, it is recommended to use specialized corrosion-resistant tubulars with high content of chrome of the Sanicro 29 type. The high cost of the material can be critical for the project economy. A promising approach for these problems elimination could be the application of aluminium alloy casing pipes. They are remain inert to corrosion even if the formation environment is fully saturated with H2S and/or CO2. They are also lightweight, have high strength-to-weight ratio, and thus decrease the existing tensions in the string and reduce well construction costs.
Dew, Fog and Rain Collector in a Hyper-arid Climate: Case Study in Abu Dhabi
Authors: Sizirici Banu
Published: October 2019

Dew condensers collect dew via thermal radiation and cooling affect without the use of external energy. The aim of this project was to design the 1m x 1m with 30° angle square funnel dew, fog and rainwater collector to calculate the dew yield in Abu Dhabi urban area. In addition, studies were conducted to determine whether the collected dew quantity is significant for practical use and to verify the cooling effect in condenser surface using temperature sensors. Aluminum was chosen as dew collector material due to its high emissivity. Square funnel was chosen as condenser shape due to easiness of the assembly and feasibility of its design. The quantity of the collected water depended on the weather condition. The average collected water was 0.016 ml/day (0.016 mm/m2 /day). Temperature sensor analysis showed that there was a 3.5 °C temperature difference between condenser top and bottom indicating the cooling effect of square funnel shape.
Assessment of various parametric effects on the performance of a commercial grade photovoltaic solar panel
Authors: Das Susanta K. , Frank David
Published: October 2019

This paper presents the implementation of an integrated photovoltaic solar panel model which includes all the necessary parameters in order to simulate and analyze using Matlab/Simulink software. The integrated photovoltaic model is validated with Matlab/Simulink simulation for a commercially available 100W photovoltaic solar panel module. Using the commercial solar panel specifications, such as solar irradiation, panel temperature, etc. the integrated model solved with Matlab/Simulink returns an I-V and P-V performance characteristics under various conditions which enabled detailed analysis, assessment of parametric effect on the performance of the solar panel. According to the model simulation results for a commercial RNG-100D solar panel, it was found that panel performance was mostly affected by the variations of solar radiation/insolation, panel surface temperature, series resistance, shunt resistance and band gap energies of the semiconductor materials. The commercial solar panel simulation results show that a photovoltaic panel output power reduces as module temperature decreases. Taking the effect of sunlight irradiance and cell temperature into consideration, the output current and power characteristics of PV model are simulated and results can be optimized using the proposed model. The integrated model enables the dynamics of PV power system to be easily simulated, analyzed, and optimized.
Modeling and Thermal Analysis of a CCP Collector System Based on Fractal Architecture: Receiver Proposal
Authors: Palacios Angélica , Amaya Darío , Ramos Olga
Published: October 2019

Solar concentrator technology has been researches in different fields in order to enhancement efficiency and energy storage of these systems. Some changes in fluid and numerous components of the collectors has been proposed in recent years. In this context, this paper present results associates to the modeling and thermal analysis of a concentrating system based on parabolic through collector with receiver piper, designed with fractal geometry with the aim of improve system heat transfer. Founded on thermal modeling of heat transfer phenomena as radiation, convection and conduction, physical and mathematical relations between fractal geometrical parameters and transfer heat coefficient were established to find the influence of a chaotic structure on thermal behavior. Proposed designs were simulated through Solid works ® Flow Simulation tool. Was possible obtain maximum temperatures in air with fractal and cylindrical pipes of de 89°C, 86°C y 81°C respectively. The gap between fractal geometry results and cylindrical geometry is 10°C around.
A hybrid model for China's power grid investment demand forecasting based on variational mode decomposition, regularized extreme learning machine and support vector
machine
Authors: Wu Qianqian , Zhu Shaowen , Li Jinchao , Chen Wenjun , Wu Yunna
Published: October 2019

With the continuous maturity of China's power grid as well as the advancement of electricity market reform in China, accurate and efficient investment decision has become an inevitable requirement of power grid enterprises. However, China's Power grid investment demand has complicated nonlinear and non-stationary characteristics due to it's complex causes of formation, thus make it hard to be forecasted. Aiming at this problem, this paper puts forward a novel hybrid VMD-RELMLOO-PSOSVM forecasting model based on variational mode decomposition (VMD), leave-one-out cross validation error based optimal regularized extreme learning machine (RELM-LOO) and support vector machines optimized by particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO-SVM). Firstly, the VMD method is employed to decompose the original power grid investment data sequence into several modes which have specific sparsity properties while producing main signal. Then, according to the different characteristics of each subsequence, the RELM-LOO and PSO-SVM model will be used to forecast different modes, respectively; Next, the prediction results of all modes are aggregated to obtain the final prediction results of China's power grid investment demand. Finally, this paper predicts China's power grid investment demand from 2018 to 2020 under 5 different scenarios based on the proposed VMD-RELMLOO-PSOSVM hybrid forecasting model.
A New Pitch Angle Control Method of Wind Turbine Generators Based on Feedforward Wind Speed Information
Authors: Sahib Mouayad , Nayl Thaker
Published: October 2019

In this work, a new strategy to control the pitch angle of wind turbine generator is proposed. The strategy is based on designing an intelligent control system capable of maintaining a stable minimum fluctuating power generation. This can be achieved by providing the wind speed information to the controller in advance and hence allowing the controller to take the optimum action in controlling the blade pitch angle. A model based optimizer uses Model Predictive Control (MPC) technique to predict the wind turbine generator future behaviour and select the optimal control actions assisted by the wind speed information while satisfying the power generation constraints. The simulation results show that a significant improvement can be made using the proposed control method.
Septumplastik: wie wirken Schmerzmittel-angereicherte
Nasentamponaden?
Authors: Jäckel Martin C.
Published: October 2019

Simsek T et al. The effect of lidocaine and tramadol in nasal packs on pain after
septoplasty. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019; doi: 10.1007/s00405–019–05306-x

Türkische HNO-Ärzte verglichen die postoperative schmerzstillende Wirkung von
mit Tramadol und Lidocain getränkten Nasentamponaden mittels visueller
Analog Scala (VAS) bei Patienten mit Septumplastik.
Kardioprotektion durch Ernährung und Nährstoffe
Authors: Friedrichsen Hans-Peter
Published: October 2019

Ernährung bzw. Nährstoffe haben ein großes Potenzial für die Prävention und Therapie von Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen. Wie Studien zeigen, gilt dieser Zusammenhang sowohl für verschiedene Ernährungsformen und einzelne Lebensmittelgruppen wie Nüsse, Olivenöl und Fisch als auch für einzelne Nährstoffe, beispielsweise ω-3-Fettsäuren, Magnesium und Vitamin D.
Inner and outer electron diffusion region of antiparallel collisionless reconnection: Density dependence
Authors: Divin A. , Semenov V. , Zaitsev I. , Korovinskiy D. , Deca J. , Lapenta G. , Olshevsky V. , Markidis S.
Published: October 2019

We study inflow density dependence of substructures within electron diffusion region (EDR) of collisionless symmetric magnetic reconnection. We perform a set of 2.5D particle-in-cell simulations which start from a Harris current layer with a uniform background density nb. A scan of nb ranging from 0.02 n0 to 2 n0 of the peak current layer density (n0) is studied keeping other plasma parameters the same. Various quantities measuring reconnection rate, EDR spatial scales, and characteristic velocities are introduced. We analyze EDR properties during quasisteady stage when the EDR length measures saturate. Consistent with past kinetic simulations, electrons are heated parallel to the B field in the inflow region. The presence of the strong parallel anisotropy acts twofold: (1) electron pressure anisotropy drift gets important at the EDR upstream edge in addition to the E×B drift speed and (2) the pressure anisotropy term −∇·P(e)/(ne) modifies the force balance there. We find that the width of the EDR demagnetization region and EDR current are proportional to the electron inertial length ∼de and ∼denb0.22, respectively. Magnetic reconnection is fast with a rate of ∼0.1 but depends weakly on density as ∼nb−1/8. Such reconnection rate proxies as EDR geometrical aspect or the inflow-to-outflow electron velocity ratio are shown to have different density trends, making electric field the only reliable measure of the reconnection rate.
Fusion rules for Z/2Z permutation gauging
Authors: Edie-Michell Cain , Jones Corey , Plavnik Julia Yael
Published: October 2019

In this note, we examine the gauging of the Z/2Z permutation action on the tensor square of a modular tensor category C. When C is unpointed we provide formulas for the fusion rules of the gauged category, which nontrivially involves the modular data of C. Our technique highlights the use of generalized Frobenius-Schur indicators. We discuss several examples related to quantum groups at roots of unity.
The algebraic structure of the SU(7) Lie group
Authors: Goetz A. , Secrest J. A.
Published: October 2019

In recent years, the Lie group SU(7) has been featured prominently in a number of grand unification proposals involving the Standard Model as a low energy effective theory. This note investigates the framework of the SU(7) group. The antisymmetric and symmetric structure constants for the Lie algebra su (7) have been explicitly calculated from the generators for the fundamental representation of SU(7), which are also cataloged.
Utility of a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) label indication for condoms for anal sex
Authors: Siegler Aaron J. , Ahlschlager Lauren , Rosenthal Elizabeth M. , Sullivan Patrick S. , Kelley Colleen F. , Rosenberg Eli S. , Sanchez Travis H. , Moore Reneé H. , Mehta C. Christina , Cecil Michael P.
Published: October 2019

Condoms are highly effective for HIV prevention, yet are not currently indicated by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for anal sex. We surveyed a national sample of men who have sex with men to assess whether FDA label indication could affect anticipated condom use, and to determine levels of perceived condom failure for anal sex. We found that 69% of respondents anticipated that a label indication change would increase their likelihood of condom use. Median perceived failure was 15%. We anticipate that these results may aid the FDA in developing standards for a label indication for anal sex.
Pathogenic T cell cytokines in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Wagner Catriona A. , Roqué Pamela J. , Goverman Joan M.
Published: October 2019

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that is believed to have an autoimmune etiology. As MS is the most common nontraumatic disease that causes disability in young adults, extensive research has been devoted to identifying therapeutic targets. In this review, we discuss the current understanding derived from studies of patients with MS and animal models of how specific cytokines produced by autoreactive CD4 T cells contribute to the pathogenesis of MS. Defining the roles of these cytokines will lead to a better understanding of the potential of cytokine-based therapies for patients with MS.
GM-CSF in inflammation
Authors: Hamilton John A.
Published: October 2019

Granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has many more functions than its original in vitro identification as an inducer of granulocyte and macrophage development from progenitor cells. Key features of GM-CSF biology need to be defined better, such as the responding and producing cell types, its links with other mediators, its prosurvival versus activation/differentiation functions, and when it is relevant in pathology. Significant preclinical data have emerged from GM-CSF deletion/depletion approaches indicating that GM-CSF is a potential target in many inflammatory/autoimmune conditions. Clinical trials targeting GM-CSF or its receptor have shown encouraging efficacy and safety profiles, particularly in rheumatoid arthritis. This review provides an update on the above topics and current issues/questions surrounding GM-CSF biology.
Measuring Chernobyl's radiation legacy
Authors: Dacey James
Published: October 2019

In the wake of the Chernobyl TV series, epidemiologist Richard Wakeford, who trained as a physicist, talks to James Dacey about why assessing radiation risk is so difficult
From humble beginnings
Authors: McKenzie James
Published: October 2019

James McKenzie reflects on what hi-tech start-up businesses need to get off to a flying start
China's next big thing
Authors: Crease Robert P
Published: October 2019

Work has just begun on China’s first fourth-generation synchrotron-radiation source. Robert P Crease gets a sneak preview of what’s in store
Flawed narratives
Authors: Randall Ian
Published: October 2019

Nicola Chalton and Meredith MacArdle's recently republished The History of Science in Bite-sized Chunks must be credited with the easy manner in which it synthesizes past and present snippets from across the diverse breadth of sciences.
New graphene mesh filters up to 97% of salt from water
Authors: Jarman Sam
Published: October 2019

A graphene-based membrane that can remove salt from seawater – and could be scaled-up for practical applications – has been created by a team of physicists in China and the US.
The personal impact of Mexico's budget crisis
Authors: Gwynne Peter
Published: October 2019

With Mexico’s new president making deep cuts to the country’s budget, including science, Fernando Fabián Rosales-Ortega – an astronomer from the National Institute for Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics – talks to Peter Gwynne about how institutions are coping
What's in a name?
Authors: McKenzie James
Published: October 2019

James McKenzie reflects on his recent experience of naming companies and explores what a minefield it is and (apparently) always has been
We shall inherit the Earth
Authors: Dale-Trotter Iain
Published: October 2019

In his exploration of the world beneath our feet, author Robert Macfarlane weaves together cutting-edge science and thousands of years of our history into an emotive portrait of how humanity affects – and it affected by – the lowest places it has ever reached.
How Much Knowledge of Derived Words Is Needed for Reading?
Authors: Laufer Batia , Cobb Tom
Published: October 2019

The study explores the usefulness of the word family as the unit of counting in studies of lexical coverage and comprehension. It determines the proportion of texts covered by the various members of a word family, that is, basewords, inflected words, and derived words, and analyzes the contribution of the affixed words to lexical thresholds. This exploration was performed by a text analysis computer program called Morpholex that analyzes the entire lexis of an entered text, pulling out all words bearing prefixes and suffixes and counting the unaffixed words as basewords. We analyzed a variety of texts, academic and narrative, authentic and simplified, and calculated the number and percentage of basewords and affixes in each text. We also located the most frequent affixes in our text corpus and demonstrated which affixes and how many contributed to 95 per cent and 98 per cent text coverages. Our results show that reaching the lexical thresholds for reading does not require the knowledge of most of the derived words in a word family since a small number of frequent affixes will provide the necessary coverage together with the basewords and inflections.
The Influence of the Phonetic Elements of a Name on Risk Assessment
Authors: Botner Keith A , Mishra Arul , Mishra Himanshu
Published: October 2019

The authors propose that the phonetic elements of a name affect risk perception. Specifically, they find that people prefer a name that evokes volatility when faced with a risky prospect, but prefer a name that evokes calmness when faced with a safe prospect. The authors posit that a volatile (vs. calm) prospect name results in more perceived fluctuations, and thus greater movement from, the given risk level. Therefore, a volatile prospect name results in a wider range of probabilities compared to a calm prospect name. The authors test the proposed effect and the role of the phonetic elements of a name using real-world data and controlled studies within diverse consumer domains (e.g., product evaluations, wagering, and branding). Findings contribute to the larger theoretical area of phonetic symbolism and provide guidance for practitioners trying to maximize preference for a given product, service, or policy.
Evaluation of rapid diagnostic tests and conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to determine prior dengue infection
Authors: Bonaparte Matthew , Zheng Lingyi , Garg Sanjay , Guy Bruno , Lustig Yaniv , Schwartz Eli , DiazGranados Carlos A , Savarino Stephen , Ataman-Önal Yasemin
Published: October 2019

Background

In September 2018, the World Health Organization recommended that prevaccination screening be used with the tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV), to ensure that only individuals with evidence of prior dengue infection (PDI) are vaccinated. Dengue rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) would offer a potential solution for prevaccination screening at the point-of-care, but data on performance of available RDTs for identifying PDI are limited. We determined the suitability of four dengue RDTs and two conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to identify PDI and evaluated cross-reactivity with co-circulating flaviviruses.

Methods: Specificity was assessed using 534 dengue-negative [determined by 50% plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50)] serum samples from USA (n = 229) and dengue-endemic regions (n = 305). Sensitivity was assessed using 270 samples from recent (n = 90) or remote (n = 90) virologically confirmed prior dengue cases, and dengue PRNT50-positive samples (n = 90). Cross-reactivity was assessed in dengue-seronegative samples that were seropositive for yellow fever (n = 57), Japanese encephalitis (n = 37), West Nile (n = 59) or Zika (n = 41).

Results: Dengue IgG RDTs and the Panbio ELISA exhibited favourable specificities (99–100%), higher than the Focus ELISA (95%). The RDTs had variable sensitivities (40–70%) that were lower than those of the ELISAs (≥90%). Cross-reactivity to other flaviviruses was low with RDTs (≤7%), but more significant with ELISAs (up to 51% for West Nile and 34% for Zika). No cross-reactivity to any of the four closely related flaviviruses was observed with the CTK Biotech RDT. For each SeroTest, sensitivity appeared similar in samples from individuals with recent (<13 months) vs remote (3–4 years) virologically confirmed PDI.

Conclusions: In general, dengue IgG RDTs were found to be more specific and less cross-reactive than the ELISAs, but the latter were more sensitive for identifying PDI cases. Currently available RDTs could be temporizing tools for rapid and safe prevaccination screening until improved RDTs with increased sensitivity become available.
Coherence and probability in legal evidence
Authors: Dahlman Christian , Mackor Anne Ruth
Published: October 2019

The authors investigate to what extent an evaluation of legal evidence in terms of coherence (suggested by Thagard, Amaya, Van Koppen and others) is reconcilable with a probabilistic (Bayesian) approach to legal evidence. The article is written by one author (Dahlman) with a background in the bayesian approach to legal evidence, and one author (Mackor) with a background in scenario theory. The authors find common ground but partly diverge in their conclusions. Their findings give support to the claim (reductionism) that coherence can be translated into probability without loss. Dahlman therefore concludes that the probabilistic vocabulary is superior to the coherence vocabulary, since it is more precise. Mackor is more agnostic in her conclusions about reductionism. In Mackor's view, the findings of their joint investigation do not imply that the probabilistic approach is superior to the coherentist approach.
Successful Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in a Patient Suffering From Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Hocquart Marie , Pham Thao , Kuete Edmond , Tomei Enora , Lagier Jean Christophe , Raoult Didier
Published: October 2019

Background

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic and debilitating functional gastrointestinal disorder affecting 9%–23% of the population across the world. The relative efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on IBS symptoms was demonstrated in a double-blind, randomized study.

Methods

We describe the case of a 73-year-old woman suffering from IBS (abdominal pain, bloating, and abundant and disabling diarrhea, with 10–15 stools a day) and repetitive urinary tract infection (UTI; 5 episodes in 6 months, including 3 the last 2 months) for several years, generating an impaired quality of life. She received an FMT with 400 mL of fecal infusion from a healthy donor via a nasogastric tube after bowel lavage. Her digestive microbiota was analyzed using culturomic and metagenomic targeting 16S rRNA sequencing methods.

Results

Eight months after transplantation, we observed a significant reduction in frequency and improvement in stool consistency (3–4 molded stools a day against 10–15 before the transplant) and no recurrence of urinary infection (as previously reported). Using culturomics, we found 12 bacteria present in the fecal infusion and post-transplant stool; these were absent pretransplant. Three of them (Intestinimonas massiliensis, Oscillibacter massiliensis, and Provencibacter massiliensis) were previously discovered and cultivated in our laboratory using culturomics. Using metagenomics, we also observed 12 bacteria, different from those observed during culture, that could have been transferred to the patient by FMT.

Conclusions

In this case report, IBS symptoms and UTI frequency decreased after FMT UTI. Further studies involving more patients would be relevant to confirm this work and develop bacteriotherapy.
Molecular phylogeny and species delimitation of Amiota alboguttata and Amiota basdeni species groups (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from East Asia
Authors: Wang Ya-Lian , Cao Hui-Luo , Chen Hong-Wei
Published: October 2019

Phylogenetic relationships of the two largest species groups in the genus Amiota [the Amiota alboguttata group (29 known and six new species) and the Amiota basdeni group (17 known and three new species)] were reconstructed using two mitochondrial gene sequences (COI and ND2). The paraphyly of the A. alboguttata group was identified based on molecular evidence. The monophyletic A. basdeni group is found to be nested in the A. alboguttata group, rendering the latter paraphyletic. Automatic barcode gap discovery and Bayesian phylogenetics and phylogeography methods were used to assess species limits of the A. alboguttata and A. basdeni groups. The results indicate that most analysed species could be delimited clearly, including nine new species (Amiota beama sp. nov., Amiota cyclophylla sp. nov., Amiota flormontana sp. nov., Amiota obtusa sp. nov., Amiota planiceps sp. nov., Amiota scrobicula sp. nov., Amiota jianjuni sp. nov., Amiota tentacula sp. nov. and Amiota xinglaii sp. nov.), except for some closely related morphospecies. Furthermore, based on the highly biased distributions of these two groups, southwestern China is hypothesized to be a possible centre of origin and diversification for Amiota in East Asia.
G6PD deficiency
Authors: Harcke Susan J. , Rizzolo Denise , Harcke H. Theodore
Published: October 2019

Although glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is less known in Western countries than in the Middle East and Africa, global migration and immigration are bringing ethnic groups with the highest incidence of this inherited genetic disorder into the US healthcare system. The G6PD enzyme is critical to protecting erythrocytes against oxidative stress, and deficiency may lead to hemolysis in the presence of certain environmental factors such as infection and some medications and foods. Neonatal jaundice, favism, and hemolysis are associated with exposure to increased oxidative stressors in patients with G6PD deficiency. By recognizing the potential for G6PD deficiency, clinicians can screen for the disorder and teach affected patients how to avoid triggers that result in harmful clinical manifestations.