bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heart failure among Indigenous and non‐Indigenous Australians in remote Central Australia
Authors: Rajamohan Manoj , Jayhoon Zaheeruddin , Gomez Benjamin , Tankel Fraser , Clarke Nicholas , Foskett Sheena , Baumann Angus , Quilty Simon , Kozor Rebecca , Wong Christopher X.
Published: November 2023

Background

There is a paucity of data on the burden of heart failure (HF) in Central Australia, the most populous Indigenous region in the country.

Aims

To characterize Indigenous and non‐Indigenous Australians with HF in Central Australia.

Methods

Consecutive patients with HF and reduced ejection fraction <50% were included for the period 2019 to 2021. Clinical, echocardiographic and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) data were collected.

Results

Four hundred twenty‐four patients with HF were included (70% Indigenous, 59% male; follow‐up 2.2 ± 0.5 years). Indigenous Australians were younger (53 ± 15 vs 68 ± 13 years, P < 0.001) with higher rates of rheumatic heart disease (18% vs 1%, P < 0.001), diabetes (63% vs 33%, P < 0.001) and severe chronic kidney disease (CKD; 32% vs 7%, P < 0.001). HF was more prevalent among Indigenous (138 [95% confidence interval (CI), 123–155] per 10 000) compared with non‐Indigenous Australians (53 [95% CI, 44–63] per 10 000), particularly among younger individuals and females. There were similar HF aetiologies between groups. Guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT) was suboptimal and similar between the groups: angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker (64% vs 67%, P = 0.47) and β‐blockers (68% vs 71%, P = 0.47). Indigenous Australians had a significantly higher rate of MACE (54% vs 28%, P < 0.001) and death from any cause (24% vs 13%, P = 0.013).

Conclusions

HF is more than two times as prevalent among Indigenous Central Australians, particularly among younger individuals and females. Despite similar HF aetiologies and GDMT, MACE and mortality outcomes are higher in Indigenous individuals with HF. These data have implications for efforts to close the Indigenous gap in morbidity and mortality.
Beyond the aspirational: creating the future of health care in Australia
Authors: Braithwaite Jeffrey , Fisher Georgia
Published: November 2023

The context of health care in Australia is shifting very rapidly; more chronic diseases, budgetary stress and the constant threat of the next pandemic and climate change mean that patterns of disease and care are changing, and the workforce is under pressure. Health systems have learned to respond as best they can, but there are many challenges and opportunities for the Australian health care system to plan and implement an evidence‐based and sustainable approach to health care delivery in the next decade. To support this approach, many peak bodies and authoritative agencies, such as the Australian government in their 2022 Strengthening Medicare Taskforce Report, have described laudable visions for health care, but no one has laid out a tangible blueprint for whole‐of‐system change. Here, we outline nine strategies that span principles of integrated, value‐based care, with a focus on prevention and quality, the development of a skilled workforce and health‐literate population and the use of emerging technologies such as genomics and artificial intelligence. These strategies form a potential path for the Australian health care system to meet the changing requirements of the current decade and take the aspirational visions of the future of health care into an improved, patient‐based health system that delivers care in line with best practices.
The effect of two surgical modalities for the treatment of subtrochanteric fractures of the femur on postoperative wound complications in patients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Baiyi , Li Songlian , Zeng Fan , Duan Hang , Lu Min
Published: November 2023

Currently, there are two methods of treating subtrochanteric femur fractures: intramedullary nailing and extramedullary plate fixation. However, it remains to be seen whether internal or external fixation is the primary treatment for subrotator femur fractures in adults. In this meta‐analysis, we reviewed the effects of internal and external fixation on the treatment of subrotator and subrotator fractures. Until July 2023, the researchers have been researching the Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science and PubMed, with English as their only language. The aims of the study are as follows: (1) to assess the efficacy of internal and external fixation for the treatment of postoperative wound infections in adult patients with subrotator femur fractures; (2) to assess the efficacy of various types of internal fixation for the treatment of adult patients with subrotator femur fractures, including postoperative complications, infections, and operative time. Meta‐analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the treatment of subrotator fracture with internal versus external fixation in terms of wound infections, intra‐operative bleeding, length of incision, and operative time were not significantly different. Therefore, more research is needed to support these findings with a number of large, high‐quality randomized studies.
Identification of potential immunologic resilience in the healing process of diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Cheng Yifeng , Ren Lei , Niyazi Aihemaitijiang , Sheng Li , Zhao Yang
Published: November 2023

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are one of the most common and challenging complications of diabetes, yet our understanding of their pathogenesis remains limited. We collected gene expression data of DFU patients from public databases. Bioinformatics tools were applied for systematic analysis, including the identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) and enrichment analysis. We further used single‐cell RNA sequencing to identify the distribution of different cell populations in DFU. Finally, key results were validated using reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and flow cytometry. We identified 217 DEGs between ulcerated and healthy skin, and 37 DEGs between healing ulcers and ulcers. WGCNA revealed that the cyan module had the highest positive correlation with healthy skin and negative correlation with ulcers. The black module had the highest negative correlation with healthy skin and positive correlation with ulcers. Enrichment analysis showed that the genes in the cyan module were mainly associated with complement and coagulation cascades, while the genes in the black module were mainly associated with the IL‐17 signalling pathway. In addition, CD8 T cells were significantly lower in ulcers than in healthy and healing ulcers. By comparing marker genes of CD8 T cells, we identified key genes in the cyan and black modules and validated their expression using RT‐qPCR. The proportion of CD8 T cells was increased in healing ulcers. Flow cytometry detected increased levels of CD8 T, B and natural killer cells in healing ulcers. CD8 T cells and related key genes play an important role in the healing process of DFU. The results of this study provide a new perspective for understanding the pathogenesis and treatment of DFU.
Suicide Attempt and Social Isolation on the MAPS Test*
Authors: Neuringer Charles
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT: Make‐A‐Picture Story Test protocols of 14 suicidal, 47 schizophrenic, and 49 normal male Caucasian subjects were evaluated for the presence and extent of social isolation. Social isolation was defined by the number of figures used and their social withdrawal implications. It was found that the suicide attempters used more figures than the other subjects and that there was no difference in the social withdrawal implications of the figures used by the suicidal and normal subjects. It was concluded that the social isolation of suicidal individuals manifests itself on the MAPS by increased compensatory fantasied interpersonal contacts.
Social Status and Relational System of Elderly Suicides: A Reexamination of the Henry‐Short Thesis*
Authors: Bock E. Wilbur , Webber Irving L.
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT: The relationship between status and suicide has not been clearly established. Henry and Short suggested a direct relationship, but subsequent research has proposed an inverse association. The present study of elderly males uses information obtained from two sources: (a) a random sample of the aged population studied in Pinellas County, Florida, in 1959; and (b) persons aged 65 and over who committed suicide in that county between 1955 and 1963. The major findings are: (a) the highest suicide rate is found at the lowest class level, suggesting an inverse relationship; (b) class differential in suicide is explained by a direct relationship between class and the relational system; and (c) controlling on the relational system results in a direct association between class and suicide. Thus, both status and the relational system operate independently and jointly to affect suicide rates of these elderly males. Findings suggest that both Henry and Short and later investigators are partially correct. The relationship between status and suicide may be clarified by taking into account other factors which are class related but which perhaps are more significant than measures of class alone.
Evaluation of Crisis Intervention Programs and Personnel: A Summary and Critique*
Authors: McGee Richard K. , Knickerbocker David A. , Fowler Dale E. , Jennings Bruce , Ansel Edward L. , Zelenka Michael H. , Marcus Susan
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT: Many of the suicide prevention centers that developed throughout the country during the last decade have evolved into general crisis intervention services. At the same time, they have stimulated the development of a wide variety of agencies that utilize nonprofessional volunteers who, primarily through telephone contact, provide helping services to people in crisis. This paper presents a critique of three particular problem areas relating to the use of volunteer personnel, along with a summary of research aimed at providing new technologies for their solution. Methods have been developed for rating on‐the‐job performance of crisis intervention workers, based upon criteria that are thought to have general application to crisis intervention centers. Efforts to describe personality characteristics of volunteers are reported, along with suggestions for the direction of additional investigations. Finally, the issue of assessing the outcome of crisis intervention cases is summarized. A four‐phase conceptualization of the crisis intervention process is proposed, and appropriate measures of outcome at each point in the process are suggested. The overall significance of this type of research is discussed in terms of the need for standards by which to evaluate crisis intervention services.
Suicide and the Generation Gap*
Authors: Cameron Paul
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT: To explore psychological parameters of suicide as perceived by young adults, the middle‐aged, and old people, an area sample of 317 Detroit subjects, whose ages placed them in one of these three generations, was administered a questionnaire concerning their beliefs about the generations and suicide and their self‐reported relationship to suicide. A 3‐way fixed‐effects analysis of variance (generation × sex × socioeconomic status) indicated that all generations believed that the old (a) have the greatest desire to die, (b) know the least about suicide, (c) make the fewest attempts, (d) are the least frequently successful, and (e) are the least socially condemned for committing suicide. Self‐appraisals indicated that (a) lower socioeconomic status is associated with a greater “death wish,” (b) young adults and males claim a greater knowledge about suicide, and (c) the generations do not differ in desire to die, considerations of suicide, and suicide attempts.
Suicide, Loss, and Mourning
Authors: Dorpat T. L.
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT: The intensive treatment of six suicidal patients has been used to explore the relationships among object loss, the mourning process, and suicide. These relationships may be condensed in two propositions: (a) suicidal behavior stems from an arrested grief reaction in which the subject is unable to complete the process of mourning for a lost object; and (b) the suicide's pathological loss reaction is brought about by developmental defects, primarily deficiencies in self‐love and individuation. The suicidal subject's mournïng reaction is arrested in one or more of the first three stages of grief: shock, protest, or detachment from the lost object.
Content Analysis of Multiple Messages in Suicide Notes*
Authors: Cohen Stuart L. , Fiedler Joanne E.
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT: Two hundred twenty individuals who committed suicide and who left notes, when compared with 813 non‐note writers, were significantly more likely to be white, female, and, if female, to have any other marital status than “widowed.” With respect to method, the results indicated that note writers were more apt to have committed suiced with “Drugs” and less apt to have used “Other” methods. The question is raised as to whether or not note writers can be accepted as representative of the whole group of those who commit suicide. In 195 suicide notes for which content was available for analysis, the relative percentages of statements containing advice, instructions, and requests (31), other‐directed positive affect (19), acknowledgment of wrongdoing (7), and hostile affect (5) were the same in the entire sample as in subsamples of age, sex, and marital status. Only for a few specific content categories did the relative frequency of content vary significantly with age, sex, or marital status. Advantages of the present method of content analysis are discussed, and suggestions for further research in this area are offered.
Attitudes toward Self in Suicidal Individuals*
Authors: Neuringer Charles
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT: Attitudes toward the self and other people were gathered from suicidal, psychosomatic, and normal hospitalized patients via semantic differential ratings. The data were analyzed by comparing the ratings of “Myself” and “Other People” (and their divergencies) made by the three groups of subjects on the Evaluative, Activity, and Potency factors of the semantic differential. It was found that the suicidal individuals had the (a) lowest self‐appraisal, (b) highest other appraisal, and (c) greatest self‐other divergency among the three groups. The effect was found to be greatest on the Potency factor giving rise to the speculations that feelings of impotency may be extremely critical for the production of suicidal activity.
A Comparative Study of Pediatric Nurses' Attitudes toward Death*
Authors: Fochtman Dianne
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT: The present study reports the results of a 24‐item questionnaire intended to measure attitudes toward death and the care of dying patients of 47 professional and 10 nonprofessional pediatric nurses from three hospitals in the West and Midwest. There were no statistically significant differences among the nurses based on education, background, or previous clinical experience. The significant differences related mainly to the type of ward (benign, acute, or terminal) on which the nurses were working. Implications for nursing education and nursing service are discussed.
Rescuers and the Rescued
Authors: Weis Sandra , Seiden Richard H.
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT:There is a fairly widespread but unverified belief that persons working on certain taboo areas may be similar to the population they serve and drawn to such work by their own personal problems in these areas. Two groups, 51 suicide prevention volunteers and 31 suicide attempters, were compared with respect to demographic characteristics and for psychological attitudes and experiences pertaining to suicide, death, and mental status by means of a death questionnaire developed by Shneidman. Comparative analysis revealed substantial differences between volunteers and clients. Demographically, the volunteers were older, better educated, more affluent, and contained a greater proportion of Protestants. Psychologically, the volunteers were distinctly different in regard to suicide. In contrast to their clients, the volunteers reported greater emotional stability, much less fantasy about suicide, almost no actual suicide attempts, and a disinclination to consider suicide as a justifiable problem‐solving option.
Self‐Poisoning with Follow‐Up Considerations
Authors: Lönnqvist J. , Niskanen P. , Achté K. A. , Ginman L.
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT: One hundred patients who in 1963 had attempted self‐poisoning and were subsequently admitted to the intoxication ward of a psychiatric hospital were studied twice: immediately after the attempted self‐poisoning and 8 years after the attempt. It was found that within the follow‐up period a total of nine patients had died, four of whom had committed suicide. The risk of suicide per years is .5%. According to the literature the range of the annual suicide risk is .9% to 2.5%.
Suicide among Attempted Suicides
Authors: Paerregaard Grethe
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT: A 10‐year follow‐up is presented of 484 patients who made serious suicide attempts. Of this group 23% had died, 9% from natural causes, 3% from accidents or from uncertain causes, and 11% from suicide. Suicide frequency is highest in the period immediately after the suicide attempt. Especially interesting is the distribution according to sex. During the first 5 years there is a preponderance of male suicides (which is in agreement with the findings of other investigators), but after 10 years this difference in sex disappears. Suicides are found especially among men from 50 to 60 years of age, disabled pensioners, and persons who have attempted suicide several times, and to a lesser degree among persons living alone and criminals.
The Certification of Suicide in Eleven Western States: An Inquiry into the Validity of Reported Suicide Rates
Authors: Nelson Franklyn L. , Farberow Norman L. , MacKinnon Douglas R.
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT: From Durkheim's time to the present social researchers interested in the problem of suicide have relied upon officially reported rates of suicide to develop and test their theories. Despite the fact that the validity of any theory rests upon the accuracy of its underlying data, the relative accuracy of reported suicide rates have rarely been questioned or systematically evaluated. This paper investigates the process of death certification as practiced by a sample of 191 coroners in 11 western states. Findings indicate extensive variation in the backgrounds, professional resources, operating procedures, and governing statutes of coroners and coroners' offices and in policies concerning the use of the suicide mode. Since the coroner is generally charged with the official responsibility for certifying the mode of death when unnatural mode is suspect, the extent of variation found here calls into question the validity and comparability of reported suicide rates.
What helps or hinders nurses to lead funded research projects? A survey of UK nurse lead‐investigators
Authors: Farquharson Barbara
Published: November 2023

Background

There have been recurring UK initiatives to increase nurse research capability but little robust evaluation of long‐term effectiveness. More nurses undertake doctorates, yet few lead major funded projects. Previous research suggests potential explanations but the perspectives of nurse lead‐investigators themselves have not been examined.

Aim

To explore the perceptions of nurse lead‐investigators about what has helped or hindered them to lead funded research projects.

Methods

Lead investigators of research projects from major UK funders (1 Apr 2017–Sept 2022) were identified from publicly available data. University profiles were screened to identify registered nurses. Entire population was approached (no sample size calculation required). Consenting participants completed an online survey (five open questions).

Results

A total of 65 nurse‐lead investigators were identified, 36 (55%) completed the survey (20 December 2022 to 17 February 2023). Participants identified Building (multi‐disciplinary) collaborations and mentorship as having been most important to their success. High‐quality mentoring was also identified as most important in helping novice nurse researchers become leaders. Participants highlighted the critical importance of being supported by individuals with a track record of funding success and benefits of being situated in research‐supportive environments. Lack of career pathway/infrastructure and being unable to pursue research due to competing clinical/teaching priorities were identified as most unhelpful to this group AND the most common reasons for peers not going on to lead research.

Conclusions

Ensuring access to mentors with an established track record is an important component of schemes to increase research capability in nurses. Funded, protected time for research and career structures that reward the significant skill development required to succeed in a competitive, multi‐disciplinary funding arena is important.

Impact

Interdisciplinary collaboration and mentorship by experienced researchers are critical to success and should be incorporated into future interventions to increase research capability in nurses. No patient or public contribution (as exploring a professional issue).
Impact of intracardiac echocardiography versus transesophageal echocardiography guidance on left atrial appendage occlusion procedures: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Diaz Juan Carlos , Bastidas Oriana , Duque Mauricio , Marín Jorge E. , Aristizabal Julian , Niño Cesar D. , Hoyos Carolina , Matos Carlos D. , Gabr Mohamed , Steiger Nathaniel A. , Kapur Sunil , Sauer William H. , Romero Jorge E.
Published: November 2023

Background

Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) is increasingly used during left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) as an alternative to transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of ICE versus TEE guidance during LAAO on procedural characteristics and acute outcomes, as well the presence of peri‐device leaks and residual septal defects during follow‐up.

Methods

All studies comparing ICE‐guided versus TEE‐guided LAAO were identified. The primary outcomes were procedural efficacy and occurrence of procedure‐related complications. Secondary outcomes included lab efficiency (defined as a reduction in in‐room time), procedural time, fluoroscopy time, and presence of peri‐device leaks and residual interatrial septal defects (IASD) during follow‐up.

Results

Twelve studies (n = 5637) were included. There were no differences in procedural success (98.3% vs. 97.8%; OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.42–1.27, p = .27; I2 = 0%) or adverse events (4.5% vs. 4.4%; OR 0.81 95% CI 0.56–1.16, p = .25; I2 = 0%) between the ICE‐guided and TEE‐guided groups. ICE guidance reduced in in‐room time (mean‐weighted 28.6‐min reduction in in‐room time) without differences in procedural time or fluoroscopy time. There were no differences in peri‐device leak (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.68–1.27, p = 0.64); however, an increased prevalence of residual IASD was observed with ICE‐guided versus TEE‐guided LAAO (46.3% vs. 34.2%; OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.05–4.75, p = 0.04).

Conclusion

ICE guidance is associated with similar procedural efficacy and safety, but could result in improved lab efficiency (as established by a significant reduction in in‐room time). No differences in the rate of periprocedural leaks were found. A higher prevalence of residual interatrial septal defects was observed with ICE guidance.
The impact of early cryoballoon ablation on clinical outcome in patients with atrial fibrillation: From the Korean cryoballoon ablation registry
Authors: Kwon Chang Hee , Choi Ji‐Hoon , Oh Il‐Young , Lee So‐Ryoung , Kim Ju Youn , Lee Sung Ho , Park Junbeom , Kim Ki‐Hun , Yang Pil‐Sung , Kim Jun‐Hyung , Shim Jaemin , Cha Myung‐Jin , Lim Hong Euy
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Influence of early atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation, particularly cryoballoon ablation (CBA), on clinical outcome during long‐term follow‐up has not been clarified. The objective was to determine whether an early CBA (diagnosis‐to‐ablation of ≤6 months) strategy could affect freedom from AF recurrence after index CBA.

Methods

The study included 2605 patients from Korean CBA registry data with follow‐up >12 months after de novo CBA. The primary outcome was recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmias (ATs) of ≥30‐s after a 3‐month blanking period.

Results

Compared to patients in early CBA group, patients in late CBA group had higher prevalence of diabetes, congestive heart failure, and chronic kidney disease, and higher mean CHA2DS2‐VAS score. During mean follow‐up of >21 months, ATs recurrence was detected in 839 (32.2%) patients. The early CBA group showed a significantly lower 2‐year recurrence rate of ATs than the late CBA group (26.1% vs. 31.7%, p = 0.043). In subgroup analysis, the early CBA group showed significantly higher 1‐year and 2‐year freedom from ATs recurrence than the late CBA group only in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) patients in overall and propensity score matched cohorts. Multivariate analysis showed that early CBA was an independent factor for preventing ATs recurrence in PAF (hazard ratio: 0.637; 95% confidence intervals: 0.412–0.984).

Conclusion

Early CBA strategy, resulting in significantly lower ATs recurrence during 2‐year follow‐up after index CBA, might be considered as an initial rhythm control therapy in patients with paroxysmal AF.
PIN1P1 is activated by CREB1 and promotes gastric cancer progression via interacting with YBX1 and upregulating PIN1
Authors: Wang Ya‐Wen , Zhu Wen‐Jie , Ma Ran‐Ran , Tian Ya‐Ru , Chen Xu , Gao Peng
Published: November 2023

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in the carcinogenesis and progression of cancers. However, the role and mechanism of the pseudogene lncRNA PIN1P1 in gastric carcinoma remain unclear. The expression and effects of lncRNA PIN1P1 in gastric cancer were investigated. The transcriptional regulation of CREB1 on PIN1P1 was determined by ChIP and luciferase assays. The mechanistic model of PIN1P1 in gastric cancer was further explored by RNA pull‐down, RIP and western blot analysis. PIN1P1 was overexpressed in gastric cancer tissues, and upregulated PIN1P1 predicted poor prognosis in patients. CREB1 was directly combined with the promoter region of PIN1P1 to promote the transcription of PIN1P1. CREB1‐mediated enhanced proliferation, migration and invasion could be partially reversed by downregulation of PIN1P1. Overexpressed PIN1P1 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells, whereas decreased PIN1P1 showed the opposite effects. PIN1P1 directly interacted with YBX1 and promoted YBX1 protein expression, leading to upregulation of PIN1, in which E2F1 may be involved. Silencing of YBX1 during PIN1P1 overexpression could partially rescue PIN1 upregulation. PIN1, the parental gene of PIN1P1, was elevated in gastric cancer tissues, and its upregulation was correlated with poor patient outcomes. PIN1 facilitated gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. To sum up, CREB1‐activated PIN1P1 could promote gastric cancer progression through YBX1 and upregulating PIN1, suggesting that it is a potential target for gastric cancer.
Vicarious trauma in nursing: A hybrid concept analysis
Authors: Wu Yanming , Bo Enhui , Yang Erming , Mao Ya , Wang Qiaohong , Cao Huili , He Xingyue , Yang Hui , Li Yang
Published: November 2023

Background

Vicarious trauma can significantly affect the physical and mental health of nurses, as well as their ability to provide quality of care. However, the concept of vicarious trauma has received limited attention and remains controversial in the nursing context.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to clarify and define the concept of vicarious trauma as it pertains to the nursing context.

Methods

The Schwartz and Kim's three‐stage hybrid concept analysis method was used to define the concept. In the theoretical phase, PubMed, CINAHL, OVID, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, PsycINFO, CNKI database, VIP database and Wanfang database were used using keywords “nurs*”and “vicarious trauma*”, resulting in a total of 25 papers. In the fieldwork phase, we conducted participatory observations in three hospitals and semi‐structured in‐depth interviews with 18 clinical nurses from seven cities. In the analysis phase, the results of the previous two phases were integrated to develop a comprehensive concept of vicarious trauma in nursing.

Results

Based on the results of the theoretical and field phases, we propose the concept of vicarious trauma in nursing as follows: vicarious trauma is a psychological trauma impacting nurses' cognitive schema which they may experience in clinical settings or on social media, resulting from deeply empathize with the physical or emotional trauma of patients, family, or colleagues, such as patients' physical injuries or death, family's grieving feelings and colleagues' received threats and attacks. Positively, vicarious trauma can transform into vicarious post‐trauma growth through repositioning and connection, nourishing nurses and promoting their personal and professional development.

Conclusion

The concept of vicarious trauma in nursing is multidimensional and holistic. This study clarifies the concept of vicarious trauma in nursing using the hybrid concept analysis, providing a framework for future research and practice on vicarious trauma in the nursing field.

Patient or Public Contribution

Nurses contributed to the conduct of the study by participating in the data collection via interviews.
Masculine God Imagery and Sense of Life Purpose: Examining Contingencies with America's “Four Gods”
Authors: Upenieks Laura , Bonhag Rebecca
Published: November 2023

Though God imagery has been extensively studied within sociological and psychological traditions, much less attention has been paid to gendered God concepts and their connections to well‐being. Previous work has suggested that God images may reflect ontological assumptions that inform interpretations of the world as well as one's place within it. We argue that the relationship between masculine God imagery and a sense of life purpose may vary by gender and depend on further contingencies of other God images held by individuals’ images of God as engaged, angry, critical, and distant. Drawing on nationally representative data from the 2007 Baylor Religion Survey (n= 415 men andn= 577 women), our results suggest that stronger masculine God imagery was associated with greater life purpose for men, and lower life purpose for women. We also observed that stronger beliefs in an engaged God appeared to weaken the association between masculine God imagery and lower life purpose for women, while men who did not support masculine gender ideology reported lower life purpose if they endorsed stronger beliefs in an angry or critical God. We interpret our results by drawing on research at the intersection of gender, religion, and theology, and suggest several directions for future work.
In God We Distrust: Christian Nationalism and Anti‐Atheist Attitude
Authors: NIE FANHAO
Published: November 2023

Prior research found that Christian nationalism, a belief that integrates Christian identity with American national identity, was associated with more negative views toward marginalized groups, such as religious minorities. Relatively less known is the relationship between Christian nationalism and attitudes toward atheists. Specifically, even less is known about whether or not Christian nationalism that is above individuals at the macro, geographic level may influence individual views of atheists. Using nationally representative multilevel data, this study found that higher individual Christian nationalism was associated with more negative views toward atheists. No robust state‐level Christian nationalism influence was found for anti‐atheist attitude. However, Blacks, relative to Whites, were less likely to view atheists negatively in states where Christian nationalism was higher. Meanwhile, in states where Christian nationalism was higher, Black Protestants were less prejudiced against atheists compared to Evangelical Protestants.
Skull morphology of bottlenose dolphins worldwide and patterns of adaptation between coastal and offshore environments
Authors: Oxford‐Smith N. , Ruta M. , Gao A. , Viaud‐Martinez K. A. , Sabin R. , Herman J. , Ososky J. , Tajima Y. , Yamada T. K. , Kaliontzopoulou A. , Moura A. E.
Published: November 2023

The morphological differentiation between coastal and offshore ecotypes of bottlenose dolphins (genus Tursiops) has been researched since the 1960s, particularly in T. truncatus (Montagu, 1821), although most morphological studies have focused on localized populations. Therefore, it is unclear how patterns observed in these individual populations integrate within the global morphological variation. Here we carry out a meta‐analysis of global morphological variation between coastal and offshore ecotypes from 532 museum specimens, using both linear measurements (LM; 282 specimens), and shape data using geometric morphometrics (GM; 290 specimens). Together these analyses show consistent differentiation in skull morphology between coastal and offshore ecotypes, and provide a detailed description of variation patterns within each ecotype. These patterns show high individual morphological variation in the coastal ecotype between locations, while the offshore ecotype appears morphologically more uniform across the areas sampled. Overall, most skull shape variation can be described by features noticeable dorsally in the structures of the rostrum, whereas more limited change was found in ventral traits. Our results suggest that individual coastal populations may vary according to local environmental conditions, while those corresponding to the offshore ecotype appear to share similar morphological characteristics that might increase fitness in offshore habitats.
Toward a Third Local Turn: Identifying and Addressing Obstacles to Localization in Peacebuilding
Authors: Paffenholz Thania , Poppelreuter Philip , Ross Nicholas
Published: November 2023

Localization in peacebuilding, development, and humanitarian work is grounded on the claim that principles of both justice and effectiveness demand a transfer of power from international to local actors, and thus a change in the current donor–recipient relationship and the way international cooperation works and is structured. Like any transfer of power, this creates opportunities and provokes resistance. This article conducts a structured analysis of secondary literature and publicly available contributions from Southern practitioners to identify obstacles to localization in peacebuilding and explore concrete entry points for mitigating them. The mitigation strategies seek to rectify persistent power imbalances between international and local actors in the peacebuilding field. The article's focus on practical steps toward localization helps to overcome the stuckness of the debate in the peacebuilding literature and move beyond the mere criticism of neoliberal peacebuilding. The article paves the way toward a third local turn in peacebuilding, which concentrates on how to achieve localization in everyday peacebuilding, focusing on its more radical, decolonial implications and avoiding the neutralizing effects of the incumbent, technocratic approach to peacebuilding.
Antimicrobial peptides in treatment of Stage III Grade B periodontitis: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Xiang Shuchang , Han Nannan , Xie Yongmei , Du Juan , Luo Zhenhua , Xu Junji , Liu Yi
Published: November 2023

Background

To evaluate the effects of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) on Stage III Grade B periodontitis.

Methods

This trial abided by the principle of consistency test, approved by ethics committee and registered in clinical trials. All qualified 51 patients with Stage III Grade B periodontitis were randomly divided into three groups: SRP group, SRP with minocycline hydrochloride (Mino group) as Control groups, and SRP with AMPs (AMP group) as the Test group. Clinical examinations and subgingival plaques were monitored at baseline and at 7 and 90 days after treatment in the SRP, SRP with AMP and Mino groups.

Results

The AMP group (Test group) had a reduced PD (Periodontal probing depth) and an attachment gain significantly higher than SRP and Mino groups (Control groups) at day 90. The abundance of periodontal pathogens was decreased in the AMP group at 7 and 90 days compared with the SRP group and Mino group. Only the AMP group showed an increase the abundance of periodontal probiotics including Capnocytophaga, Gemella, and Lactobacillus at 7 and 90 days.

Conclusions

This study shows that AMPs as an adjunct to SRP promote additional clinical and microbiological benefits in the treatment of Stage III Grade B periodontitis.
Electrical stimulation prevents condyle and subchondral degeneration following the masseter atrophy
Authors: Wu Chuan , Zhang Qunyan , Zheng Xiuyun , Han Quancheng , Fu Chunfeng , Liu Xiaoyu , Wu Tingting
Published: November 2023

Objective

There is a strong relationship between masticatory muscle atrophy and condyle degeneration. Although electrical stimulation (ES) is an effective treatment for muscle atrophy, its influence on the underlying condyle is unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether ES can prevent condyle degradation during the stage of masseter muscle atrophy.

Materials and Methods

Six‐week‐old rats were randomly divided into the control, botulinum toxin (BTX), or BTX + ES group. BTX was injected into the bilateral masseters of rats to induce masseter atrophy. The left‐side masseters without ES treatment were served as BTX group, and the right‐side masseters received ES with different parameters (5 mA/10 Hz, 5 mA/50 Hz, 6 mA/10 Hz, 6 mA/50 Hz, 7 mA/10 Hz, and 7 mA/50 Hz) were served as BTX + ES groups. After 4 weeks, micro‐CT and qualitative or quantitative analysis of osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, and angiogenesis‐related genes in condyles were conducted.

Results

ES, especially at 7 mA/50 Hz, significantly attenuated masseter atrophy, condyle degeneration, and subchondral bone loss. Moreover, the upregulation of related proteins, including collagen 1, osteocalcin, bone morphogenetic protein 2, collagen 2a, and vascular endothelial growth factor were observed.

Conclusion

ES partly rescued condylar degeneration and subchondral bone loss following masseter atrophy.
FoxO1 knockdown inhibits RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis by blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activation
Authors: Wang Zhanqi , Luo Wenxin , Zhang Guorui , Li Haiyun , Zhou Feng , Wang Dongyang , Feng Xuan , Xiong Yi , Wu Yingying
Published: November 2023

Objectives

This study aimed to elucidate the connection between osteoclastic forkhead transcription factor O1 (FoxO1) and periodontitis and explore the underlying mechanism by which FoxO1 knockdown regulates osteoclast formation.

Materials and Methods

A conventional ligature‐induced periodontitis model was constructed to reveal the alterations in the proportion of osteoclastic FoxO1 in periodontitis via immunofluorescence staining. Additionally, RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) was performed to explore the underlying mechanisms of FoxO1 knockdown‐mediated osteoclastogenesis, followed by western blotting, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

FoxO1+ osteoclasts were enriched in the alveolar bone in experimental periodontitis. Moreover, FoxO1 knockdown led to impaired osteoclastogenesis with low expression of osteoclast differentiation‐related genes, accompanied by an insufficient osteoclast maturation phenotype. Mechanistically, RNA‐seq revealed that the nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) and nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome signaling pathways were inhibited in FoxO1‐knockdown osteoclasts. Consistent with this, MCC950, an effective inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome, substantially attenuated osteoclast formation.

Conclusions

FoxO1 knockdown contributed to the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis by effectively suppressing NF‐κB signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. This prospective study reveals the role of FoxO1 in mediating osteoclastogenesis and provides a viable therapeutic target for periodontitis treatment.
Assessing the safety of new germicidalfar‐UVCtechnologies
Authors: Görlitz Maximilian , Justen Lennart , Rochette Patrick J. , Buonanno Manuela , Welch David , Kleiman Norman J. , Eadie Ewan , Kaidzu Sachiko , Bradshaw William J. , Javorsky Emilia , Cridland Nigel , Galor Anat , Guttmann Martin , Meinke Martina C. , Schleusener Johannes , Jensen Paul , Söderberg Per , Yamano Nozomi , Nishigori Chikako , O'Mahoney Paul , Manstein Dieter , Croft Rodney , Cole Curtis , de Gruijl Frank R. , Forbes Paul Donald , Trokel Stephen , Marshall John , Brenner David J. , Sliney David , Esvelt Kevin
Published: November 2023

The COVID‐19 pandemic underscored the crucial importance of enhanced indoor air quality control measures to mitigate the spread of respiratory pathogens. Far‐UVC is a type of germicidal ultraviolet technology, with wavelengths between 200 and 235 nm, that has emerged as a highly promising approach for indoor air disinfection. Due to its enhanced safety compared to conventional 254 nm upper‐room germicidal systems, far‐UVC allows for whole‐room direct exposure of occupied spaces, potentially offering greater efficacy, since the total room air is constantly treated. While current evidence supports using far‐UVC systems within existing guidelines, understanding the upper safety limit is critical to maximizing its effectiveness, particularly for the acute phase of a pandemic or epidemic when greater protection may be needed. This review article summarizes the substantial present knowledge on far‐UVC safety regarding skin and eye exposure and highlights research priorities to discern the maximum exposure levels that avoid adverse effects. We advocate for comprehensive safety studies that explore potential mechanisms of harm, generate action spectra for crucial biological effects and conduct high‐dose, long‐term exposure trials. Such rigorous scientific investigation will be key to determining safe and effective levels for far‐UVC deployment in indoor environments, contributing significantly to future pandemic preparedness and response.
Swimming zygote formation mediated by symmetrically arranged cell fusion sites in the gametes of Chlamydomonas eugametos (Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyta)
Authors: Miyamura Shinichi
Published: November 2023

The spatial arrangement of cell fusion sites and eyespots of the gametes in vis‐à‐vis mating pairs of Chlamydomonas eugametos, corresponding to the swimming zygote of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, were studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy, respectively. After the adhesion of mt+ and mt− gametes, each of which has one eyespot and two flagella elongated from the cell anterior, gamete–gamete fusion occurred at the anterior papilla on the cell apex of each gamete, leading to the formation of a vis‐à‐vis mating pair, indicating that the cell fusion site is arranged symmetrically relative to the flagellar beat plane. In vis‐à‐vis mating pairs, two eyespots could be seen on the same or on opposite sides of the cell. As only the mt+ flagella and eyespot are functional for swimming and phototaxis in the vis‐à‐vis mating pair of C. eugametos, it is suggested that coordinated alignment of the parental gamete flagella and eyespots in the swimming zygote and asymmetric positioning of the gamete mating structure/cell fusion sites, which is prevalent in C. reinhardtii and other chlorophytes, is not necessary for C. eugametos.
Anthropology of the Artificial
Authors: Salter Chris , Saunier Alexandre
Published: November 2023

“Anthropology of the Artificial” is a special section of articles by a collective of anthropologists, sociologists, digital media artists, and computer scientists that address the ever increasing encounters between humans and new kinds of machine systems. The contributions draw on a series of artistic and scientific research programs which call for new ways of thinking about the relations between human and artificial systems, focusing on anthropological encounters with artworks, software/hardware, and the public encounters with such systems in settings ranging from research labs to museums.
Anatomy of the sternum and humerus in the domestic chicken (Gallus domesticus)
Authors: Jones Jeryl C. , White Emma E. , Holladay Steven D. , Foster Jenna L.
Published: November 2023

Injuries of the sternum and humerus are an important welfare concern in domestic chickens (Gallus domesticus), especially laying hens. Published anatomic references using standardized terminology from the Nomina Anatomica Avium (NAA) are lacking. Objectives of the current retrospective, descriptive study were to provide a user‐friendly hierarchical table of NAA‐compliant anatomic terms and labeled images illustrating anatomic structures for the sternum and humerus of domestic chickens. Three‐dimensional model images were downloaded from a publicly accessible platform, labeled in consultation with a veterinary anatomist, and enhanced by a medical illustrator. Findings can serve as a resource for future clinical and research applications.
Integrating Data on Early Medieval Graves: Mapping the THANADOS database to the ARIADNE infrastructure with the Mortuary Data Application Profile
Authors:   Austrian Centre for Digital Humanities and Cultural Heritage, Aspöck Edeltraud , Eichert Stefan ,   Natural History Museum Vienna, Theodoridou Maria ,   Foundation for Research and Technology, Felicetti Achille ,   Università degli Studi di Firenze, Richards Nina
Published: November 2023

This article discusses the creation of an Application Profile (AP) for mortuary data and how it was used to integrate the THANADOS anthropological and archaeological database of sepultures in the ARIADNEplus infrastructure. Ontologies increase data interoperability and their potential for being reused. The CIDOC CRM is a formal ontology designed to facilitate the integration, mediation, and interchange of heterogeneous cultural heritage information. APs provide exemplary mappings that other researchers can use as an orientation. For creating and testing the ARIADNE mortuary data AP, data from early medieval cemeteries provided an ideal case study because of the high degree of similarity between sites. The mapping of early medieval cemetery data has shown that mapping to an ontology contributes to data interoperability in several ways. Firstly, it may reveal inconsistencies in the native dataset and improve data organisation for future projects. Secondly, it enables the querying of information concerning graves and cemeteries from different sources across the ARIADNE infrastructure. Finally, this article provides an example of how archaeological data can be aggregated across multiple providers.