bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Recycling and High‐Throughput Reprocessing of Phase‐Separated Vitrimer‐Thermoplastic Blends
Authors: Joosten Liliana Miriam Aurelia , Cassagnau Philippe , Drockenmuller Eric , Montarnal Damien
Published: September 2023

Phase‐separated polymer blends including a transesterification vitrimer and polypropylene are synthesized from widely available precursors through reactive processing. It is shown that proper formulation during the process including a viscosity modifier of the vitrimer precursors and a reactive interface compatibilizer yields well‐dispersed vitrimer phases with fractions up to 75 wt.% in the polypropylene phase. These vitrimer blends can be easily reprocessed by multiple shredding‐injection cycles and processed in high‐shear conditions through capillary rheometry. Rheological analyses reveal that a percolating dynamic network is formed across the vitrimer domains. It breaks apart during high shear reprocessing of the material and dynamically reforms after thermal annealing of the blends. It therefore ideally combines the mechanical and high‐throughput (re)processing properties of the thermoplastic matrix minor phase with the chemical, thermomechanical, and dynamic properties of the vitrimer major phase. This work illustrates the decoupling of processing at high shear rates enabled by the polypropylene processing aid from the kinetics of dynamic exchanges of the vitrimer phase and thermomechanical properties at the service temperature of the blends.
Holographic Tensor Metasurface for Simultaneous Wireless Powers and Information Transmissions Using Polarization Diversity
Authors: Liu Hai Xia , Li Yi Cen , Cheng Fang Jie , Wang Xin , Chang Ming Yang , Xue Hao , Zhang Song , Han Jia Qi , Li Guan Xuan , Li Long , Cui Tie Jun
Published: September 2023

A holographic tensor metasurface (HTM) is proposed from the energy perspective to achieve flexible regulations of polarization and energy distributions for simultaneous transmissions of power and information. A dual‐polarization receiving metasurface with high isolation is also proposed to enable simultaneous receptions of power and information. Based on the two metasurfaces, a novel system for simultaneous wireless information and power transmissions (SWIPT) is established, which can transmit microwave powers and information signals by flexibly regulating the electromagnetic waves in different polarizations. The proposed HTM can generate non‐diffraction Bessel beams of two polarizations to keep high‐power transfer efficiency in an environment with obstacles. A rectifier circuit is designed with a wide dynamic range to integrate with the receiving metasurface to capture the strong powers and weak signals simultaneously. The effect of different modulations on the rectification efficiency of microwave‐to‐DC and the performance of the SWIPT system are analyzed. The SWIPT system is verified by experiments to realize simultaneous transmissions of information and powers by only using the metasurfaces, which is beneficial to integrate the wireless sensor networks, communication modules, and artificial intelligence algorithms to build up smart cities.
Lipid Nanoparticle Delivery Alters the Adjuvanticity of the TLR9 Agonist CpG by Innate Immune Activation in Lymphoid Tissue
Authors: Zhong Zifu , Chen Yong , Deswarte Kim , Lauwers Heleen , De Lombaerde Emily , Cui Xiaole , Van Herck Simon , Ye Tingting , Gontsarik Mark , Lienenklaus Stefan , Sanders Niek N. , Lambrecht Bart N. , De Koker Stefaan , De Geest Bruno G.
Published: September 2023

Pharmacological strategies to activate innate immune cells are of great relevance in the context of vaccine design and anticancer immune therapy, to mount broad immune responses able to clear infection and malignant cells. Synthetic CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG‐ODNs) are short single‐stranded DNA molecules containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotides and a phosphorothioate backbone. Class B CpG ODNs activate robust innate immune responses through a TLR9‐dependent NF‐κB signaling pathway. This feature is attractive to exploit in the context of vaccine design and cancer immunotherapy. Soluble CpG‐ODNs cause hepatic toxicity, which reduces its therapeutic applicability. The formulation of class B CpG ODN1826 in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) containing an ionizable cationic lipid that complexes CpG through electrostatic interaction is reported. Upon local administration, LNP‐formulated CpG drains to lymph nodes and triggers robust innate immune activation. Unformulated, soluble, CpG, by contrast, is unable to induce robust innate activation in draining lymph nodes and is distributed systemically. In a vaccination setting, LNP‐formulated CpG, admixed with a protein antigen, induces higher antigen‐specific antibody titers and T cell responses than antigen admixed with unformulated soluble CpG.
Revisiting the Roles of Carbon in the Catalysis of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Hu Zhonghao , Geng Chuannan , Wang Li , Lv Wei , Yang Quan-Hong
Published: September 2023

Carbon materials are the key hosts for the sulfur cathode to improve the conductivity and confine the lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) in lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs), owing to their high electronic conductivity and strong confinement effect. However, physical or chemical trapping methods have limitations in preventing the dissolution and accumulation of LiPSs in the electrolyte. Catalysis has emerged as a fundamental solution to accelerate the sluggish redox kinetics, and carbon materials acting as catalyst supports or direct catalysts significantly impact the reaction efficiency. Herein, the roles of carbon in the catalysis of LSBs are systematically discussed, focusing on the influence of surface area, pore structure, and surface chemistry on sulfur conversion. Then, two modification strategies, vacancy defects and heteroatom doping, that endow carbon with catalytic activity are summarized. Finally, the remaining challenges and solutions are outlined in terms of the preparation and characterization of the functional carbon in LSBs. This perspective provides essential insights and guidance for the rational design of carbon‐based catalysts in LSBs.
Fluorine‐Free Poly(ionic Liquid)s Binders for the Aqueous Processing of High‐Voltage NMC811 Cathodes
Authors: Rolandi Ana Clara , Pozo-Gonzalo Cristina , de Meatza Iratxe , Casado Nerea , Mecerreyes David , Forsyth Maria
Published: September 2023

The use of water‐soluble binders enables the transition to more sustainable batteries by the replacement of toxic N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) by water. Herein, two new fluorine‐free poly(ionic liquid)s are proposed as binders for LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) cathodes, based on poly(diallyldimethylammonium) (PDADMA) and two‐phosphate counter anions, which are recognized as effective corrosion inhibitors and electrolyte additives. Due to their high ionic conductivity (10−6 S cm−1 at 25 °C) and ability to prevent degradation of NMC811 particles, the PDADMA phosphate cells are able to achieve a 91% of capacity retention after 90 cycles at 0.5C, similar to the organic fluorinated polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) (96%) under the same conditions. However, aqueous sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na‐CMC) only provides 81% of capacity retention. Among the PDADMA‐based binders under study, PDADMA‐ diethyl phosphate (PDADMA‐DEP) delivers the highest discharge capacity (101.1 mAh g−1) at high C‐rate (5C). Degradation of Na‐CMC electrodes is observed in postmortem analysis and a notable increase in the charge transfer‐resistance. However, the NMC811 particles preserve their spherical shape when PDADMA‐phosphates are used as binders, also leading to lower polarization resistances and improved lithium diffusion. In conclusion, PDADMA‐phosphates manifest high performance as binders for sustainable NMC811 cathodes, while disposing of fluoropolymers and toxic solvents.
RETRACTED: A predictive model of herpes zoster after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: VZV reactivation following antiviral prophylaxis discontinuation
Authors: Feng Cheng‐Jie , Zhao Peng , Fu Hai‐Xia , Yan Chen‐Hua , Wang Chen‐Cong , Zhu Xiao‐Lu , He Yun , Wang Feng‐Rong , Zhang Yuan‐Yuan , Mo Xiao‐Dong , Kong Yuan , Han Wei , Wang Jing‐Zhi , Wang Yu , Chen Huan , Chen Yu‐Hong , Zhao Xiang‐Yu , Chang Ying‐Jun , Xu Lan‐Ping , Liu Kai‐Yan , Huang Xiao‐Jun , Zhang Xiao‐Hui
Published: September 2023

Herpes zoster (HZ) refers to the rash appearing on dermatomes due to varicella zoster virus (VZV) reactivation. The incidence of HZ is significantly higher in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) recipients than in non‐HSCT recipients. Although acyclovir prophylaxis is routinely administered to every allo‐HSCT recipient for 1 year after transplantation, some individuals eventually develop late‐onset HZ after completing prophylaxis. Little information is known about the clinical features of HZ after prophylactic antiviral treatment discontinuation, and an effective predictive model of late‐onset HZ needs to be established. A total of 3366 patients who had received allo‐HSCT from 2012 to 2017 were included in our study, among whom 201 developed HZ after 1 year (late‐onset HZ). We designed a nested case–control study to identify potential predictors of late‐onset HZ. Finally, we established a predictive model using binary logistic regression analysis. Age (p < .001), use of immunosuppressants at +1 year (p < .001), CD4‐CD8 ratio at +1 year (p < .001), certain mental disorders (depression, anxiety, insomnia and adjustment disorder) (p < .001), engraftment time of neutrophils (p < .001), and CD8+ cell count at +30 days (p < .001) were independent predictors of late‐onset HZ. A risk grading system was established based on regression coefficients. Discrimination and calibration analysis indicated that the model had good performance. We also identified several predictive factors of the incidence of HZ‐related complications. This is the first scoring system for predicting the incidence of late‐onset HZ after allo‐HSCT. This model can be applied to identify individuals at high risk of late‐onset HZ in the early period after receiving allo‐HSCT.
Granularity in disease classification impacts survival prediction in advanced systemic mastocytosis: A single institution study of 329 informative cases
Authors: Tefferi Ayalew , Abdelmagid Maymona , Al‐Kali Aref , Patnaik Mrinal , Hogan William J. , Begna Kebede , Gangat Naseema , Orazi Attilio , Chen Dong , Reichard Kaaren K. , Pardanani Animesh
Published: September 2023

The World Health Organization (WHO) classification system categorizes advanced systemic mastocytosis (SM‐Adv) into aggressive SM (ASM), mast cell leukemia (MCL), and SM with associated hematological neoplasm (SM‐AHN). By contrast, the International Consensus Classification (ICC) requires “immature” MC cytomorphology for the diagnosis of MCL and limits SM‐AHN to myeloid neoplasms (SM‐AMN). The current study includes 329 patients with SM‐Adv (median age 65 years, range 18–88; males 58%): WHO subcategories SM‐AHN (N = 212; 64%), ASM (N = 99; 30%), and MCL (N = 18; 6%); ICC subcategories SM‐AMN (N = 190; 64%), ASM (N = 99; 33%), and MCL (N = 9; 3%); WHO‐defined MCL with “mature” MC cytomorphology and SM‐AHN associated with lymphoid neoplasms were operationally labeled as “MCL‐mature” (N = 9) and SM‐ALN (N = 22), respectively, and distinguished from ICC‐defined MCL and SM‐AMN. Multivariable analysis that included the Mayo alliance risk factors for survival in SM (age >60 years, anemia, thrombocytopenia, increased alkaline phosphatase) revealed more accurate survival prediction with the ICC versus WHO classification order: (i) survival was significantly worse with MCL‐immature versus MCL‐mature (hazard ratio [HR] 15; p < .01), (ii) prognostic distinction between MCL and SM‐AHN/AMN was confirmed in the context of ICC (HR 9.3; p < .01) but not WHO classification order (p = .99), (iii) survival was similar between MCL‐mature and SM‐AMN (p = .18), and (iv) SM‐AMN (HR 1.7; p < .01) but not SM‐ALN (p = .37) was prognostically distinct from ASM. The current study provides evidence for the independent prognostic contribution of both the ICC system for SM‐Adv and the Mayo alliance risk factors for survival in SM.
Efficient Synthesis of Ractopamine‐D3 via Epoxide‐Opening Strategy
Authors: Wang Limin , Wu Qingyi , Chen Wulian , Tu Tao
Published: September 2023

The incorporation of deuterium isotopes into illicit additives like ractopamine holds significant promise for enabling swift and accurate detection. However, current synthetic methodologies for deuterium labeling often involve intricate and time‐consuming processes, necessitating laborious de/protection steps and specialized equipment. Herein, after establishing efficient epoxide‐opening reactions using diverse primary amines, a practical, efficient and straightforward synthetic route for producing deuterium‐labeled ractopamine‐D3 has been successfully established, which was confirmed by 1H‐NMR and ESI‐MS with a deuterium isotope abundance exceeding 98 atom % D. Remarkably, this newly devised convergent synthetic protocol, encompassing just three steps, delivered up to 53 % overall yield of ractopamine‐D3, underscoring its scalability and potential pharmaceutical viability.
The board gender composition and cost of debt: Empirical evidence from Jordan
Authors: Mansour Marwan , Al Zobi Mo'taz , Saleh Mohammed W. A. , Al‐Nohood Saddam , Marei Ahmad
Published: September 2023

The present research aims to examine the influences of board gender composition on debt costs and its significance to Jordanian creditors: mainly banks, using agency and resource dependence theories. A sample of 113 non‐financial Jordanian firms listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) from 2010 to 2019 was utilised to explore the impact of board gender on the cost of debt financing through panel regression analysis. To tackle endogeneity concerns, we employ a two‐step system generalised method of moments estimator. The findings discovered that more female directors on firm boards generated economic benefits for non‐financial sectors, which achieved an average 0.75% cut‐off interest rate incurred by lenders compared to the counterparts with fewer female directors. Our findings are still robust to endogeneity concerns. The findings offered valuable insights for academics, shareholders, firms, and regulators. Shareholders are required to provide more pressure on firms to enhance gender equality. Firms should adjust board gender composition via the inclusion of more female directors while regulators should develop guidelines, such as a minimum female quota in promoting more females to the board. The finding generalisability is limited to developing markets with similar settings. This study bridged a vital gap in the governance literature on the nexus between board gender composition and debt costs in Jordanian contexts where no minimum gender quota exists.
President's Page
Authors: Caidi Nadia
Published: September 2023

EDITOR'S SUMMARY

Change and renewal characterize ASIS&T with new initiatives, programs and management developments to better serve the membership. The first ASIS&T Regional Meeting, held April 15, 2016, at Rutgers University offered stimulating panels and showed student leaders' dedication to building the Association. Members' suggestions have led to featuring short video presentations by doctoral students on the ASIS&T website and explorations into professional concerns and accreditation reforms. The ASIS&T Information Architecture and Research Data Access and Preservation Summits thrive, rallying dynamic and important communities within the profession. ASIS&T management changes include the plan to hire a communications officer to boost the Association's visibility and responsiveness to members and the pending retirement of executive director Dick Hill after nearly 30 years of service. Preparations for the 2016 Annual Meeting, to be held in Copenhagen, Denmark, are in full swing, including opportunities to bid Dick thanks and farewell.
The DataQ Story
Authors: Johnson Andrew
Published: September 2023

EDITOR'S SUMMARY

Longstanding frustration about the single‐purpose use of valuable data led author Andrew Johnson to a career in librarianship, a focus on scientific data curation and, ultimately, creation with colleague Megan Bresnahan of the DataQ project. Johnson's concerns about research data management being a silo within the profession were overcome with the realization that many librarians, especially those at smaller institutions, saw the need for effective curation but felt untrained and unequipped to deal with it. DataQ was established as a service and resource for library personnel to ask questions on data curation and learn through expanding group knowledge. Launched in August 2015, the project draws on a team of 15 editors and additional support members and has been widely and positively received. Funding by the Institute of Museum and Library Services, the Greater Western Library Alliance and others will help expand the effort to provide an important service to the library community.
Analysis of clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of early‐stage human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐low breast cancer: Compared with HER2‐0 breast cancer
Authors: Wu Qian , Yang Fan , Liu YinHua , Zhang Hong , Zhang Shuang , Xin Ling , Xu Ling
Published: September 2023

Purpose

To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of early‐stage breast cancer (EBC) with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐low expression.

Methods

The clinicopathological data and follow‐up information of EBC patients with HER2‐low and HER2‐0 expression treated at the Breast Disease Center of Peking University First Hospital from January 2014 to December 2017 were analyzed. The prognosis between HER2‐low and HER2‐0 expression groups and with different hormone receptor (HR) expression were compared by statistics. Meanwhile, the expression of Ki67, androgen receptor (AR), TOPIIa, P53, PTEN, and CK5/6 were also analyzed with the HER2‐low expression and prognosis.

Results

Retrospectively analyzed 1253 cases of EBC, including 583 (46.5%) cases of HER2‐low breast cancer (BC) and 366 (29.2%) HER2‐0 BC cases. Among the HER2‐low BC patients, 487 (83.5%) were HR‐positive, while 96 (16.5%) were HR‐negative. Among the HER2‐0 BC patients, 265 (72.4%) were HR‐positive, while 101 (27.6%) were HR‐negative. Median follow‐up time was 53 months. The 5‐year disease‐free survival of HER2‐low BC patients was 90.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 87.2–93.1), and the 5‐year overall survival was 95.4% (95% CI: 93.3–97.6). Cox regression analysis showed that T stage, lymphovascular invasion, and/or perineural invasion were prognostic factors of HER2‐low BC patients. However, the 5‐year disease‐free survival and overall survival of patients in the HER2‐low and HER2‐0 groups were not significantly different in all patients, but a tendency of better prognosis in HER2‐low group was seen in HR‐negative tumors.

Conclusion

HER2‐low EBC patients accounted for 46.5% of the patient population. T stage, lymphovascular invasion, and/or perineural invasion were factors affecting the prognosis of BC patients with low HER2 expression. No significant difference in prognosis was noted between HER2‐low and HER2‐0 EBC patients. But in HR‐negative tumors, a tendency of better prognosis was seen in HER2‐low versus HER2‐0.
Clinical approach to a child with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and bilateral optic nerve head infiltration: A case report and brief literature review
Authors: Shekarchian Farid , Abadi Mitra Karimi Amir , Shariati Mehrdad Motamed
Published: September 2023

Key Clinical Message

Infiltrative optic neuropathy in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is rare but could potentially lead to visual loss. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) optic neuritis, drug toxicity, and CNS involvement with increased intracranial pressure (ICP) are differential diagnoses that have to be considered.

In this report, we introduced a known case of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) with progressive visual loss due to bilateral optic nerve head (ONH) involvement. A 9‐year‐old boy with a history of HLH from 6 months ago was referred to the ophthalmic emergency department with a complaint of painless progressive blurred vision in his right eye. The fundus examination found an optic disc swelling and peripapillary hemorrhage in the right eye. The left fundus examination showed a mild ONH blurred margin. Systemic evaluations including brain and orbital MRI with gadolinium enhancement and CSF analysis showed optic nerve and brain involvement with tumoral cells. Despite systemic chemotherapy with etoposide, the disease had a progressive course so in the last follow‐up visit, fundus examination revealed disc swelling, retinal edema, and epiretinal hemorrhage in both eyes and visual acuity deteriorated to no light perception and counting fingers in the right and left eye, respectively. ONH involvement in HLH is rare but could be sight‐threatening. Differential diagnoses that should be investigated include neoplastic infiltrative optic neuropathy, cytomegalovirus (CMV) optic neuritis, drug toxicity, and CNS involvement with increased intracranial pressure (ICP).
Exploration of the Copper‐Catalyzed Sydnone and Sydnonimine‐Alkyne Cycloaddition Reactions by High‐Throughput Experimentation
Authors: Louis Manon , Force Guillaume , D'Anfray Timothée , Bourgeat Emma , Romero Eugénie , Thuéry Pierre , Audisio Davide , Sallustrau Antoine , Taran Frédéric
Published: September 2023

The reactivity of sydnones and sydnonimines toward terminal alkynes under copper catalysis has been explored using High‐Throughput‐Experimentation. A large panel of ligands and reaction conditions have been tested to optimize the copper‐catalyzed sydnone click reaction discovered by our group ten years ago. This screening approach led to the identification of new ligands, which boosted the catalytic properties of copper and allowed the discovery of a new copper‐catalyzed click‐and‐release reaction involving sydnonimines. This reaction allowed chemoselective ligation of terminal alkynes with sydnonimines and, simultaneously, the release of an isocyanate fragment molecule that can be used for further transformations.
Association Study of Esomeprazole Pharmacokinetics and CYP2C19 Gene Polymorphisms
Authors: Fang Yuan , He Xia , Peng Ai , Yang Yi qi , Xiang Jin
Published: September 2023

To investigate the association between esomeprazole pharmacokinetics and CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms in a cohort of 95 healthy Chinese participants. A cohort of 95 participants was assembled and stratified into 2 distinct groups, receiving either 20 or 40 mg of esomeprazole through oral administration. The subjects encompassed 17 poor metabolizers, 47 intermediate metabolizers, and 31 rapid metabolizers, and their genotypes were ascertained using the polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. Esomeprazole plasma concentrations were quantified employing a high‐performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were computed via Phoenix WinNonlin 6.1 software, while SPSS 26.0 facilitated statistical analysis to contrast the pharmacokinetics and the CYP2C19 genotypes. In the aftermath of administering 20 or 40 mg esomeprazole, marked differences were discerned between terminal elimination half‐life, maximum concentration/dose, and area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time zero to infinity/dose of esomeprazole (P < .05), with the exception of time to maximum concentration. The findings of this investigation signify a significant association between esomeprazole metabolism and CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms. There were no unprecedented adverse events documented subsequent to the administration of 20 and 40 mg esomeprazole dosages. Esomeprazole has manifested promising safety and tolerability profiles in pertinent clinical trials.
Morality's role in the Black Sheep Effect: When and why ingroup members are judged more harshly than outgroup members for the same transgression
Authors: Tang Simone , Shepherd Steven , Kay Aaron C.
Published: September 2023

When and why might someone judge an ingroup transgressor more harshly than an outgroup transgressor? Taking a social functionalist perspective, we argue that morality is central to this phenomenon–the Black Sheep Effect–and that it is driven by social cohesion concerns. Using mediation and moderation methods across our studies, we find that people judge ingroup (vs. outgroup) transgressors more harshly because of concerns regarding ingroup social cohesion (Studies 1a–4). We also find that ingroup derogation is stronger for moral transgressions than weak or non‐moral transgressions (Studies 2 and 3). Throughout our studies, we address alternative explanations, including moral relativism, naïve realism, moral parochialism and belief in a just world. Our work speaks to the emerging contention around the reliability of the Black Sheep Effect by noting when and why it surfaces.
When and why does economic inequality predict prosocial behaviour? Examining the role of interpersonal trust among different targets
Authors: Lin Jing , Li Wenqi , Guo Zhen , Kou Yu
Published: September 2023

Previous research suggests that economic inequality has caused a wide range of negative societal impacts. However, little is known about how economic inequality influences prosocial behaviour as a socioecological environment determinant. In five studies (N = 62,342), we examined whether economic inequality reduces prosocial behaviour by decreasing interpersonal trust and the moderation role of interpersonal targets. Studies 1, 2a, and 2b showed that interpersonal trust mediated the negative relationship between perceived economic inequality and prosocial behaviour. In Study 3, we used data from the World Values Survey to explore the relation between inequality and trust and found that it was moderated by the closeness of trust targets. In Study 4, we demonstrated that economic inequality only reduced trust and prosocial behaviour towards strangers, but not among friends and family. Taken together, the current research shed light on how economic inequality undermines trust and negatively impacts prosocial behaviour among different targets.
Prediction of daily tourism volume based on maximum correlation minimum redundancy feature selection and long short‐term memory network
Authors: Yin Ming , Lu Feiya , Zhuo Xingxuan , Yao Wangzi , Liu Jialong , Jiang Jijiao
Published: September 2023

Historical tourism volume, search engine data, and weather calendar data have close causal relationship with daily tourism volume. However, when used in the prediction of daily tourism volume, the feature variables of the huge and complex search engine data do not have strong independence. These repetitive and highly relevant data must be analyzed and selected; otherwise, they will increase the training burden of neural network and reduce the prediction effect. This study proposes a daily tourism volume prediction model, maximum correlation minimum redundancy feature selection and long short‐term memory, on the basis of feature selection and deep learning. Firstly, the multivariate high‐dimensional features, including search engine data and weather factors, are selected to identify the key influencing factors. Secondly, the deep neural network is used to make a multistep forward rolling prediction of daily tourism volume. Results show that keywords of famous scenic spots, weather, historical tourism volume, and tourism strategies in the search engine data significantly improve the prediction accuracy of daily tourism volume. The proposed maximum correlation minimum redundancy feature selection and long short‐term memory model performs better than other models, such as autoregressive integrated moving average, multiple regression, support vector machine, and long short‐term memory.
An analysis of the correlation between safety‐net hospitals and outcomes among elderly head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Bharadia Anusha P. , DiPalma Anthony D.
Published: September 2023

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Joint modeling of forced vital capacity measures with time to onset of polycythemia among chronic obstructive pulmonary outpatients follows‐up: A case of University of Gondar Referral Hospital
Authors: Kassa Yoseph , Melese Dessie , Asmare Anteneh , Workneh Gashu
Published: September 2023

Background and Aims

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) causes airflow obstruction and respiratory problems. Thus, the main objective of this study was to determine the risk factors for the progression of COPD using longitudinally measured forced vital capacity with time to onset of polycythemia outpatients follow‐up.

Methods

A retrospective study design was used to gather the related data on longitudinal change of forced vital capacity and time to onset of polycythemia from the medical charts. The joint model consists of a longitudinal submodel for the change of forced vital capacity and a survival submodel for the time to onset of polycythemia of chronic obstructive pulmonary patients.

Results

From the total of 266 patient's estimated value of forced vital capacity of chronic obstructive pulmonary patients was 74.45 years with a standard deviation of 8.59. The estimated value of the association parameter was −0.006, which indicates that the lower value for a forced vital capacity measure was associated with the higher risk of polycythemia and vice versa “Based on the joint model analysis found that the predictor smoking, comorbidities, marital status, weight, and HIV” jointly affected the two responses, which are change of forced vital capacity and time to onset of polycythemia among chronic obstructive pulmonary patients.

Conclusion

The overall performance of separate and joint models, joint modeling of longitudinal measures with the time‐to‐event outcome was the best model due to smaller standard errors and statistical significance of both the association parameters.
Prevalence, molecular characterization, and clinical features of human bocavirus in children under 5 years of age with acute gastroenteritis admitted to a specialized children's hospital in Iran: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kachooei Atefeh , Karbalaie Niya Mohammad Hadi , Khales Pegah , Sabaei Milad , Fard Soheil Rahmani , Hamidzade Malihe , Tavakoli Ahmad
Published: September 2023

Background and Aims

Although some reports have confirmed the role of human bocavirus (HBoV) in respiratory infections, the importance of this virus in causing acute gastroenteritis has not yet been proven. This study aimed to determine the molecular prevalence of HBoV in children under 5 years old with gastroenteritis and to compare the clinical symptoms of HBoV‐positive and ‐negative gastroenteritis cases.

Methods

A total of 100 stool samples were collected from children with gastroenteritis hospitalized in a pediatric hospital in Tehran, Iran. Demographic and clinical data were collected from patients' medical records. Viral genomic DNA was extracted from stool samples and amplified using the PCR assay. Finally, sequencing was used to determine the genotype of HBoV.

Results

The HBoV genome was detected in 14 samples (14%). The highest prevalence of HBoV was observed in the age range of 24–60 months (n = 5; 35.7%); However, no statistically significant relationship was observed between the prevalence of HBoV and age groups (p = 0.09). Nine (64.3%) and 5 (35.7%) HBoV‐positive cases were boys and girls, respectively (p = 0.45). Fever, vomiting, and heartache were seen in 5 (35.7%), 3 (21.4%), and 1 (7.1%) HBoV‐positive patients, respectively. Overall, no significant difference was observed in any of the investigated clinical manifestations between patients positive or negative for HBoV. Five HBoV‐positive samples were subjected to sequencing and all five sequenced samples were genotype 3.

Conclusion

HBoV infections can be considered a risk factor for causing at least a portion of acute gastroenteritis cases in children under 5 years of age.
Exploring the challenges of men who married to adolescent girls in Western Iran: A qualitative study
Authors: Yoosefi lebni Javad , Ziapour Arash , Fazeli Zahra , Saki Mandana , Ahmadi Ahmad , Mehedi Nafiul
Published: September 2023

Background and Aims

Men face many challenges in their lives with adolescent girls that need to be identified. No research has been conducted in this field in Iran. This research aimed to explore the challenges of men married to adolescent girls in western Iran using a qualitative approach.

Methods

This research was conducted using qualitative methods and a conventional content analysis approach. Participants were 28 men in western Iran who had the experience of marrying girls under 18 years of age. Semi‐structured interviews were used both face‐to‐face and over the phone to collect data. Also, snowballing and purposeful sampling were used to select the participants. The data were also analysed using Granheim and Lundman's approach.

Results

From the data analysis, 1 category, 9 subcategories, and 103 primary codes were obtained. The main category was lack of empathy and consensus, which includes the subcategories of sexual dissatisfaction, girls' dependence on the family, inability to fulfill the roles of a wife, not being understood in life, remaining in the world of childhood, emotional divorce, limiting progress and preventing the achievement of goals, betrayal, and chaotic life.

Conclusion

Young couples problems can be solved by measures such as giving sex education and teaching skills necessary for married life, such as problem solving skills and anger control, to adolescent men and girls, as well as training families on how to properly support adolescent couples.
PCAOB inspection deficiencies and audit fees
Authors: Alam Pervaiz , Cheng Yang , Rickett Laura K. , Skomra Justyna
Published: September 2023

This study aims to extend research on the effect of PCAOB inspections on audit firm behavior by examining generally accepted auditing standards (GAAS) and generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) type PCAOB inspection deficiencies, separately, to reveal the differential effects on audit fees in subsequent years. We empirically examine the audit fees of 98,393 client firm‐year observations for auditors who received a PCAOB inspection report during 2004–2021 via multivariate regression analyses. We find that GAAS (GAAP) deficiencies are associated with higher (lower) audit fees in the years following the reported deficiency. Our results suggest that the PCAOB inspection process modifies audit firm behavior when GAAS deficiencies are reported leading to the firm charging higher audit fees to defray the costs of addressing the deficiencies, but due to the severity of GAAP deficiencies that are identified, audit firms are willing to negotiate lower fees to retain the client. Our results are primarily driven by annually inspected audit firms. These results suggest that auditors respond to GAAS and GAAP PCAOB inspection deficiencies differently. The results of our study are useful to regulators and policymakers, such as the SEC and the PCAOB, in understanding how auditors respond to PCAOB inspection deficiencies and their due diligence to correct those deficiencies. PCAOB inspections are intended to evaluate compliance with accounting and auditing standards to improve audit quality and our study helps to extend the research to date which has not yet clearly demonstrated whether or not this has been accomplished.
Used paper tissues for pathogen identification in acute respiratory infection
Authors: Rector Annabel , Bloemen Mandy , Van Ranst Marc , Wollants Elke
Published: September 2023

During the Belgian winter and spring season 2022–2023, we investigated the potential of used paper tissue (UPT) as a noninvasive sampling method for the diagnosis of acute respiratory infections. Screening for respiratory pathogens was done using an in‐house developed respiratory panel for simultaneous detection of 22 respiratory viruses and seven nonviral pathogens. The method allowed the identification and typing of respiratory pathogens in symptomatic individuals, as well as in collective samples taken at a community level. Pathogens that were identified in nasal swabs could also be detected in concurrent UPT from the same patient. In all cases that tested positive on an antigen‐detection rapid diagnostic test, the corresponding virus could be detected in UPT. The collection of UPT could be useful in epidemiological surveillance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and other coronaviruses, as well as other respiratory pathogens such as influenzavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, entero/rhinoviruses including EV‐D68, parainfluenzaviruses, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Multiple respiratory pathogens could be detected in UPTs of collectivities, confirming its applicability for community testing. This is especially interesting for screening in nursing homes, centers for the disabled, schools or other settings were taking nasal or nasopharyngeal samples is cumbersome.
Microvascular Free Flap Outcomes in Maxillectomy Defects from Invasive Fungal Sinusitis
Authors: Rao Shilpa M. , Knott P. Daniel , Sweeny Larissa , Domack Aaron , Tang Alice , Patel Rusha , Pittman Amy L. , Gardner J. Reed , Moreno Mauricio A. , Sunde Jumin , Cave Taylor B. , Knight Nicolaus D. , Greene Ben , Pipkorn Patrik , Joshi Arjun S. , Thakkar Punam , Ji Keven , Yang Sara , Chang Brent A. , Wax Mark K. , Thomas Carissa M.
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Microvascular free tissue transfer is routinely used for reconstructing midface defects in patients with malignancy, however, studies regarding reconstructive outcomes in invasive fungal sinusitis (IFS) are lacking. We aim to describe outcomes of free flap reconstruction for IFS defects, determine the optimal time to perform reconstruction, and if anti‐fungal medications or other risk factors of an immunocompromised patient population affect reconstructive outcomes.

Methods

Retrospective review of reconstruction for IFS (2010–2022). Age, BMI, hemoglobin A1c, number of surgical debridements, and interval from the last debridement to reconstruction were compared between patients with delayed wound healing versus those without. Predictor variables for delayed wound healing and the effect of time on free flap reconstruction were analyzed.

Results

Twenty‐seven patients underwent free flap reconstruction for IFS. Three patients were immunocompromised from leukemia and 21 had diabetes mellitus (DM). Patients underwent an average of four surgical debridements for treatment of IFS. The interval from the last IFS debridement to flap reconstruction was 5.58 months (±5.5). Seven flaps (25.9%) had delayed wound healing. A shorter interval of less than 2 months between the last debridement for IFS and reconstructive free flap procedure was associated with delayed wound healing (Fisher Exact Test p = 0.0062). Other factors including DM, BMI, HgA1c, and bone reconstruction were not associated with delayed wound healing.

Conclusion

Patients with maxillectomy defects from IFS can undergo microvascular‐free flap reconstruction with good outcomes while on anti‐fungal medication. Early reconstruction in the first 2 months after the last IFS debridement is associated with delayed wound healing.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 134:1642–1647, 2024
Observation of Dual‐Polarization Topological Photonic States at Optical Frequencies
Authors: Hu Jinyu , Wang Yue , Niu Jiebin , Wang Chong , Liu Tao , Shi Lina , Zhang Yongliang , Xia Yang , Chang Kai
Published: September 2023

Topological protection in photonics offers new prospects for confining and guiding light waves. Up to now, most reported works on topological photonics have focused on the realization of topological phases originally found in condensed matter systems. However, photonic systems can possess a distinguishing topology that differs from their quantum electronic counterparts due to the vectorial nature of light. Here, dual‐polarization topological photonic states are theoretically predicted and experimentally demonstrated at optical frequencies on the all‐dielectric silicon‐on‐insulator platform. The topological band gaps opening at valleys for both TE‐ and TM‐polarizations in the properly designed breathing Kagome photonic crystal slabs are demonstrated, leading to dual‐polarization topological edge states below the light cone. The topological edge states are directly observed by imagining the near fields with scattering scanning near‐field microscopy. In addition, the significant improvement of the quality factor of topological states via engineering the transition near the boundary along with the robustness of edge states is presented. The proposed dual‐polarization topological states and the improvement of quality factor via boundary profile engineering paves the way toward novel applications of topological photonics for realizing integrated polarization‐dependent applications such as polarization multiplexing photonic devices and on‐chip chiral quantum optics.
Magnetic Susceptibility in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Variants, Parkinson's Disease, and Corticobasal Syndrome
Authors: Satoh Ryota , Weigand Stephen D. , Pham Nha Trang Thu , Ali Farwa , Arani Arvin , Senjem Matthew L. , Jack Clifford R. , Whitwell Jennifer L. , Josephs Keith A.
Published: September 2023

Background

Previous studies have shown that magnetic susceptibility is increased in several subcortical regions in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). However, it is still unclear how subcortical and cortical susceptibilities vary across different PSP variants, Parkinson's disease (PD), and corticobasal syndrome (CBS).

Objective

This study aims to clarify the susceptibility profiles in the subcortical and cortical regions in different PSP variants, PD, and CBS.

Methods

Sixty‐four patients, 20 PSP‐Richardson syndrome (PSP‐RS), 9 PSP‐parkinsonism (PSP‐P), 7 PSP‐progressive gait freezing, 4 PSP‐postural instability, 11 PD, and 13 CBS, and 20 cognitively normal control subjects underwent a 3‐Tesla magnetic resonance imaging scan to reconstruct quantitative susceptibility maps. Region‐of‐interest analysis was performed to obtain susceptibility in several subcortical and cortical regions. Bayesian linear mixed effect models were used to estimate susceptibility within group and differences between groups.

Results

In the subcortical regions, patients with PSP‐RS and PSP‐P showed greater susceptibility than control subjects in the pallidum, substantia nigra, red nucleus, and cerebellar dentate (P < 0.05). Patients with PSP‐RS also showed greater susceptibility than patients with PSP‐progressive gait freezing, PD, and CBS in the red nucleus and cerebellar dentate, and patients with PSP‐P showed greater susceptibility than PD in the red nucleus. Patients with PSP‐postural instability and CBS showed greater susceptibility than control subjects in the pallidum and substantia nigra. No significant differences were observed in any cortical region.

Conclusions

The PSP variants and CBS had different patterns of magnetic susceptibility in the subcortical regions. The findings will contribute to our understanding about iron profiles and pathophysiology of PSP and may provide a potential biomarker to differentiate PSP variants, PD, and CBS. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Effects of Alginic Acid on the Porcine Granulosa Cells and Maturation of Porcine Oocytes
Authors: Wang Jinjie , Li Yankun , Yuan Huan , Shi Shengjie , Zhang Lutong , Yang Gongshe , Pang Weijun , Gao Lei , Cai Chuanjiang , Chu Guiyan
Published: September 2023

Scope

Alginic acid (AA) from brown algae is a marine organic compound. There is extensive use of AA in the food industry and healthcare, suggesting a high probability of AA exposure. The present study investigates the effects of AA on porcine ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) and oocytes to explore its mechanism in female reproduction because of its adverse effects on reproduction.

Methods and results

The study adds 20 µM AA to the porcine primary ovarian GCs medium and porcine oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) medium. Estrogen and progesterone levels are downregulated in GCs. Reactive oxygen species are excessive, and the antioxidant capacity declines. Then mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis pathway is involved in GCs apoptosis. In addition, scores of autophagosomes are found in the experimental cells. Furthermore, AA significantly inhibits the proliferation of GCs around cumulus‐oocyte complexes (COCs) accompanied by abnormal spindle assembly, chromosome arrangement disorder, and aberrant cortical granules distribution in oocytes, leading to a decreased oocyte maturation rate.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that 20 µM AA is toxic to sow reproduction by interfering with estrogen production, oxidative stress, mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis, autophagy in GCs of sows, and oocyte maturation.
Effects of exercise prehabilitation on muscle atrophy and contractile properties in hindlimb‐unloaded rats
Authors: Yeo Hyo‐Seong , Lim Jae‐Young
Published: September 2023

Introduction/Aims

Effective strategies for rapid recovery after surgery are needed. Therefore, we investigated the effects of exercise prehabilitation (EP) and hindlimb unloading (HU) on muscle loss and contractility.

Methods

Twenty‐two Sprague–Dawley rats (12 wk old) were divided into normal control (NCON, n = 5), hindlimb unloading control (HCON, n = 10), and exercise prehabilitation followed by hindlimb unloading (Ex‐preH, n = 7) groups. Ex‐PreH performed exercise training for 14 days before hindlimb unloading for 14 days. Body composition was evaluated, along with muscle strength and function. The soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle contractile properties were analyzed at the whole‐muscle level. The titin concentration and myosin heavy chain (MHC) type composition were analyzed.

Results

There were no effects of Ex‐preH on total mass, lean mass, or muscle weight. Physical function was significantly higher in the Ex‐preH group than in the HCON group (39.5° vs. 35.7°). The SOL twitch force (19.6 vs. 7.1 mN/m2) and specific force (107.3 vs. 61.2 mN/m2) were greater in Ex‐preH group than in HCON group. EDL shortening velocity was higher in Ex‐preH group than in HCON group (13.2 vs. 5.0 FL/s). The SOL full‐length titin level was higher in Ex‐preH group than in HCON group.

Discussion

Exercise prehabilitation did not prevent muscle mass loss followed by muscle wasting, although it minimized the reduction of physical function. Therefore, exercise prehabilitation should be considered for rapid functional recovery after disuse due to surgery and injuries.
Hochschuldidaktik: Absorption und Polymerisation mit Methylenblau
Authors: Wagler Paula , Scheible Jonas , Habekost Achim
Published: September 2023

Methylenblau ist ein Farbstoff, ein Medikament und ein Nachweisreagenz. Außerdem eignet es sich für elektrochemische Versuche im Chemiestudium.
Familie und Karriere: Immer nur kurzfristig planen
Authors: Tietze Alexandra
Published: September 2023

Johannes Teichert, seit nunmehr zwei Jahren auf einer festen Professorenstelle, wünscht Nachwuchswissenschaftler:innen Rahmenbedingungen, die eine Planung des Privatlebens erleichtern.
Sprachmodell bei Journalartikeln: KI liest nicht zwischen den Zeilen
Authors: Blicker Luca
Published: September 2023

Mit Sprachmodellen wie ChatGPT lassen sich Wissenschaftsartikel zusammenfassen. Es kennt aber Gepflogenheiten und Hintergrundwissen von Forscher:innen nicht. Die Folge: Es erzählt Oberflächliches und Unwichtiges, versteht manche Inhalte falsch und produziert so Fehler.
Deutsche Industrienorm: Lichtgetrieben und normiert
Authors: Bulmahn Maren
Published: September 2023

Die Deutsche Industrienorm Spec 91 457 ist das erste Dokument, das eine photokatalytische Synthese standardisiert.