bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of calcium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide nanoparticles used as intracanal drugs after manual and ultrasonic removal on the bond strength of a new sealer with a pozzolan base (Endoseal mineral trioxide aggregate)
Authors: Reyhani Mohammad Frough , Salem-Milani Amin , Janani Maryam , Dogohar Amirhossein , Nazari Leila
Published: September 2024

Aim:

The adhesion ability of filling materials to the root canal wall can be affected by the intracanal medicaments. The present study investigated the effect of pretreatment with nano-calcium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide on the bond strength of Endoseal mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) to root canal dentin.

Methods:

Fifty maxillary incisor teeth were randomly divided into two experimental groups (n = 20) and a control group (n = 10) after decoronation near the cementoenamel junction and root canal instrumentation according to the type of intracanal medicament (calcium hydroxide and nano-calcium hydroxide). Each experimental group was divided into two subgroups based on manual and ultrasonic drug removal methods. After removing intracanal medicaments and irrigating them, all the groups were obturated with gutta-percha and Endoseal MTA sealer. Then, the samples were sectioned into cross-sections with a thickness of 2 mm using a diamond disc, and the push-out bond strength test was performed on them.

Results:

The results showed no significant difference in the mean Endoseal MTA bond strength in terms of the type of intracanal medicament and the method used to remove it from the canal (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

Using the ultrasonic method compared to the manual method in removing intracanal medicament resulted in no significant difference in the strength of the Endoseal MTA bond. Furthermore, the effect of nanoparticle calcium hydroxide on Endoseal MTA bond strength was not different compared to the conventional type of this medication.
Self-retentive double-ended suction tip: A new and innovative concept in dentistry
Authors: Rao Ajay Singh , Mavani Harshit Tushar , Pawar Ajinkya M , Shah Nimisha , Solanki Dikshit
Published: September 2024

Aim:

To create an innovative “double-ended and “self-retentive” suction tip that is specifically designed: To provide “dual action; which works under the rubber dam sheet as well above the rubber dam sheet at the same time. Also, to eliminate the need of holding the suction tip (being self-retentive) using a technical tip with which it can be fixed to the rubber dam frame.

Methods:

Three conventional suction tip with a few chair-side equipments are needed to create this innovative suction tip. It’s clinical applications is also very easy and can effortlessly be grasped.

Results:

The “double-ended and “self-retentive” suction tip works efficiently and provides desired level of moisture control.

Conclusion:

This new innovatively created suction device can be easily created chair-side and it can be a solution to provide moisture control “in and out” of the oral cavity.
Histopathological evaluation of geriatric ophthalmic veins: A cadaveric study
Authors: Mehrhoff Farida , Theobalt Keanna G. , Barry Alla G. , Hillard Robert
Published: September 2024

Context:

The ophthalmic vein (OV) has become a source of increasing curiosity since many aspects of vascular surgery of the orbit have become feasible. At the same time, histochemical analysis of veins, in general, tends to skip the OV. Moreover, age-related changes in the OVs remain untouched.

Aims:

Our research explores features of aging in the OV.

Settings and Design:

We immunohistochemically evaluated the superior and inferior OVs in 49 orbits of 28 formalin-embalmed human cadavers (age 77.86 ± 13.38) without visible vascular malformations.

Materials and Methods:

Specimens were stained by hematoxylin and eosin. Verhoeff, laminin, and CD31 stains were used on a subset of the OVs.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Simple descriptive statistics.

Results:

The findings include vasa vasorum (VV) in OVs smaller than 0.5 mm, a valvular structure in one of the VV, the presence of platelet endothelial adhesion molecule granules in donors older than 80 years of age, and changes in the pattern of elastin and collagen in different age categories.

Conclusion:

The study visualizes new aspects in the veins of elderly individuals and reveals OVs’ structures unreported previously.
Sub-Tenon versus peribulbar anesthesia in vitreoretinal surgery: A retrospective analysis in a tertiary eye care center
Authors: Nene Amit S. , Divate Sheetal , Khare Smita , Pirdankar Onkar H. , Badole Pushpanjali , Shenoy Pratik , Quraishi Mohd Azaz , Shah Smitesh
Published: September 2024

Aim:

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of sub-Tenon and peribulbar anesthesia in vitreoretinal surgeries.

Methods:

This was a retrospective study where patients who received peribulbar or sub-Tenon anesthesia during vitreoretinal surgeries between July 2023 and September 2023 were included. Lid movements, subconjunctival hemorrhage, chemosis, and akinesia were evaluated after anesthesia was injected in the two groups. Pain score was evaluated at the time of anesthesia, intraoperatively, and postoperatively after 1 h.

Results:

We included 108 patients, of which 58 were given peribulbar and 50 had sub-Tenon anesthesia and had mean ± standard deviation age of 56.8 ± 12.6 years and 57.90 ± 13.0 years, respectively (P = 0.67). Baseline, intraoperative, and postoperative (at 1 h after surgery) systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, and pulse rate were similar in both groups. None of the patients had any systemic complications in both the peribulbar and sub-Tenon groups. The mean pain score at postoperative 1 h was similar in both groups (P = 0.58). At postoperative 1 day, two patients had ecchymosis in the peribulbar group. Eighteen cases had lid edema in the peribulbar group compared to no lid edema in the sub-Tenon group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Sub-Tenon anesthesia is a simple, safe, and less traumatic technique that is as good as peribulbar in terms of providing analgesia. Although sub-Tenon could not produce total akinesia in most of the cases, the surgeon was able to operate comfortably with negligible chance of anesthesia-related complications. However, the anesthetist also plays an important role in a multidisciplinary approach in the management of vitreoretinal surgeries.
An unusual case of endophthalmitis
Authors: Sharma Chetali , Joshi Devika S. , Jathar Ketan , Joshi Shrikant
Published: September 2024

Postoperative endophthalmitis is an uncommon yet devastating complication after cataract surgery. We report a case of acute-onset postoperative endophthalmitis secondary to a rare causative pathogen Chryseobacterium. Elderly male patient with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis with acute-onset postoperative endophthalmitis was managed with systemic and local higher antibiotics, leading to the resolution of the infection.
Topical three-drug combination in the management of pseudophakic cystoid macular edema
Authors: Sane Siddharth , Mahalingam Prabhushanker , Ganesan Geetha
Published: September 2024

The purpose was to report the outcome after usage of three topical eyedrops combination, consisting of one steroid, one carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CAI), and one non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in the treatment of pseudophakic cystoid macula edema (PCME) or Irvine–Gass syndrome. Treatment response monitoring of two patients with PCME to the combination of three eyedrops in a fixed dose regimen done using Optical Coherence Tomography. In both cases, significant improvement was documented within 1 week of starting the treatment, with respect to both visual acuity as well as central macular thickness and intraretinal fluid or cystoid macula edema (CME) resolution. The combination of three topical drugs of difluprednate (steroid), dorzolamide (CAI), and nepafenac (NSAID) is highly effective in treating select cases of pseudophakic CME and negates the need for usage of intravitreal (IVT) or posterior sub-Tenon’s injection of drugs such as triamcinolone acetonide, i.e., IVT triamcinolone acetonide, or posterior subtenon thus avoiding its associated complications.
A long-standing vegetative foreign body and delayed granuloma response
Authors: Kalra Nidhi , Sharma Vikas
Published: September 2024

Any foreign body (FB) insult to the eye may lead to varied ophthalmic manifestations. A long-standing FB in the conjunctiva/fornices can trigger a chronic inflammatory reaction, leading to granuloma formation. Patients generally present early with specific history, FB sensations, watering, redness, or epibulbar swelling. Specific history and careful examinations lead to early diagnosis and definitive treatment. Any long-standing epibulbar swelling should raise the suspicion of FB granuloma. Herein, we report a case of delayed-onset conjunctival granuloma response secondary to a long-standing vegetative FB, which is a rare occurrence.
Wrong site but intact sight
Authors: Patel Ankita Ramprasad , Khan Mukram , Saini Mukesh , Kanabar Hemali
Published: September 2024

Orbital foreign bodies are common. A large metallic foreign body involving ipsilateral orbit into the maxillary sinus is potentially vision-threatening. This case report describes a potentially serious incident involving a 49-year-old man who presented with an injury to his right eye with an iron nail while working in a factory. An iron nail penetrating the infraorbital margin of the right eye extended into the maxillary sinus associated with periorbital edema. X-ray showed a metallic foreign body extending from the right eye infraorbital margin into the maxillary sinus. Under local anesthesia, under all aseptic precautions, a linear iron nail measuring 4.5 cm in length was removed from the right orbit without any evidence of damage to vital structures. This case represents one of the largest reported infraorbital metallic (iron nail) foreign bodies, highlighting its rarity and potential danger to vision and overall health.
Genetic Markers of Spina Bifida in an Indian Cohort
Authors: Goel Prabudh , Sharma Mahima , Kaushik Himani , Kumar Sourabh , Singh Harpreet , Jain Vishesh , Dhua Anjan Kumar , Yadav Devendra Kumar , Kumar Neeta , Agarwala Sandeep
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To identify the genetic markers of spina bifida through a systematic survey of the exome in an Indian cohort.

Materials and Methods:

Three consecutive patients (P1: 1 year, male; P2: 2.8 years, male; and P3: 10 years, female) with spina bifida (lumbosacral meningomyelocele) underwent whole-exome sequencing (libraries: SureSelect Human All Exon V8; sequencing: 2 * 150 bp paired-end run, 100×) with NovaSeq 6000. Data analysis was performed using SMART-One™ (secondary analysis) and SMARTer™ (tertiary analysis) for automated quality check, alignment (GRCh38/hg38), variant calling, annotation (ClinVar, OMIM, avsnp150, 1000 Genomes v5b, ExAC v0.3, gnomAD v4.0, and esp6500vi2all v0.0.25), v0.0.25), interpretation. The pathogenic and likely pathogenic (ClinVar/ InterVar), non-synonymous, exonic markers (read depth ≥ 5) were matched with the Familial Neural Tube Defects (Version 1.10) panel (FNTD panel).

Results:

Pathogenic variants overlapping with the FNTD panel were MTRR, CC2D2A, and ZIC2 in P1 and P2, TGIF1 in P1 only, and none in P3. Novel pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants common to all three patients were PRUNE1, PKD1, PDZD2, and DAB2 in the homozygous state as well as in the heterozygous state, PLK1 and NLGN2. The possible role of such markers in etiopathogenesis was explored through a literatur search.

Conclusions:

The genetic landscape of the spina bifida in an Indian cohort is diverse compared to that reported from other parts of the world. A comprehensive catalog of single-nucleotide variants in the etiopathogenesis of the spina bifida on a background of the Familial Neural Tube Defects Panel has been generated.
Can Ultrasound Spot the Culprit – Evaluating the Effectiveness of Ultrasonography in Precisely Diagnosing Acute Appendicitis in Children
Authors: Vig Ayushi , Sinha Arvind , Yadav Taruna , Krishnamurthy Shreyas , Bhatt Somya , Rathod Kirtikumar J. , Pathak Manish , Saxena Rahul , Khera Pushpinder Singh
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Acute appendicitis is a common surgical emergency in children, often requiring imaging for confirmation due to diverse presentations. While computed tomography scan is favored in many centers for its sensitivity, it comes with radiation exposure and higher costs. Ultrasonography, being radiation-free and cost-effective, is gaining popularity, especially in pediatric cases. However, its reported accuracy varies in the literature. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography in pediatric appendicitis cases and to determine its precision in distinguishing between simple and complicated cases of appendicitis.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective analysis was conducted on children with suspected appendicitis who presented to the department of pediatric surgery. All patients underwent ultrasonography followed by appendicectomy based on considered clinical decision. Ultrasonography findings were compared with intraoperative observations categorized as uncomplicated or complicated appendicitis.

Results:

Among 152 patients, ultrasonography accurately diagnosed appendicitis in 94.6% of cases, with 5.38% having nonvisualized appendices. In our group, the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound to detect appendicitis were 94.62% and 95.65%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of the test is 95.63%. However, in our study, the sensitivity of the ultrasonography to correctly identify if it is a simple or complicated appendicitis was only 54.9% but had a specificity of 98.7%. Thus, ultrasonography showed a much lower sensitivity (54.9%) in distinguishing between simple and complicated appendicitis.

Conclusion:

Ultrasonography demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing pediatric appendicitis, making it a promising preoperative investigation. However, it may not accurately differentiate between simple and complicated cases. A comprehensive approach involving clinical and laboratory parameters alongside secondary imaging may be necessary for accurate diagnosis, especially in cases of perforated appendicitis.
NeuroPsychophysiological Investigation of ASMR Advertising Experience
Authors: Kence Esil Sonmez , Ülker Selami Varol , Canan Sinan
Published: September 2024

Aim:

The framework of this research is to examine the effects of autonomous sensory meridian responses (ASMRs) sensory/impulse circularity, psychological infrastructure, and the effects of brand advertisements using this technique on consumer behaviors and physiological outcomes such as product attitude, purchase intention, advertisement taste, and perceived visual advertisement esthetics.

Materials and Methods:

Mixed research method was used in the study, which consisted of consumers with high depressive mood and anxiety level (experimental group) and consumers with low depressive mood and anxiety level (control group). Electrodermal activity measurement and facial reading (facial coding) analysis are two specific neuromarketing research techniques utilized in this research. In addition, consumer attitude scales and psychological scales were employed.

Results:

According to the results obtained from the findings of the study, the physiological and attitudinal effects of ASMR advertisements do not show significant differences between the experimental and control groups. This is due to the fact that ASMR varies from person to person and has an atypical physiological pattern.

Conclusion:

The fact that ASMR is an ambiguous and contradictory experience with different physiological profiles due to factors such as causality, connectivity and relativity is consistent with the findings of this research.
Paralyzed Patients-Oriented Electroencephalogram Signals Processing using Convolutional Neural Network Through Python
Authors: Topuz Vedat , Ayça AK , Boyar Tülin
Published: September 2024

Aim:

Some of the systems that use brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) that translate brain activity patterns into commands for an interactive application make use of samples produced by motor imagery. This study focuses on processing electroencephalogram (EEG) signals using convolutional neural network (CNN). It is aimed to analyze EEG signals using Python, convert data to spectrogram, and classify them with CNN in this article.

Materials and Methods:

EEG data used were sampled at a sampling frequency of 128 Hz, in the range of 0.5–50 Hz. The EEG file is processed using Python programming language. Spectrogram images of the channels were obtained with the Python YASA library.

Results:

The success of the CNN model applied to dataset was found to be 89.58%.

Conclusion:

EEG signals make it possible to detect diseases using various machine learning methods. Deep learning-based CNN algorithms can also be used for this purpose.
The Lived Experiences of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Masih Daneshvari Hospital: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Ghazanchaei Elham , Varahram Mohammad , Keyvani Rad Fatemeh , Jebelli Beheshteh
Published: September 2024

OBJECTIVE:

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a profound impact on the lives of people around the world. This study aimed to investigate the lived experiences of COVID-19 patients during their illness, including hospitalization, referrals to treatment centers, and their physical and mental experiences, at the Masih Daneshvari Educational and Research Center in Tehran.

METHODS:

This was a phenomenological study using a conventional content analysis approach. Data collection and analysis were conducted based on the steps proposed by Graneheim and Lundman. The study population consisted of 52 COVID-19 patients (28 females and 24 males) hospitalized at Masih Daneshvari Hospital. Semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were conducted until data saturation was reached.

RESULTS:

A total of 957 primary codes were extracted from the data, which were subsequently reduced to 52 codes after reviewing and consolidating similar codes. The findings revealed that the challenges faced by COVID-19 patients could be categorized into 5 main themes and 15 subcategories: Patients’ perceptions of how they were infected (disease characteristics, cultural-religious issues, and vulnerable patients), communication with treatment staff (satisfaction, respect, and empathy), physical and mental health (psychological effects, symptom exacerbation, and disease complications), ambiguity experiences (training, awareness, risk perception, and multiple treatments), and emotional experiences from hospitalization (social stigma, fear of death, and disease suffering).

CONCLUSION:

This study provides valuable insights into the challenges faced by COVID-19 patients, which can inform future policymaking and planning for managing epidemics and similar public health crises.
A Prospective Study on the Prevalence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome at a Tertiary Care Hospital of North Karnataka, India
Authors: Jain Apoorva , Neravi Asha , Kumar K. S. Sunil , Shirahatti Ravi S. , Oli Ajay Kumar
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

The global incidence of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is on the rise, yet the etiological variables influencing PCOS remain unclear. The lack of a standardized diagnostic and treatment protocol adds complexity to managing PCOS. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of PCOS at SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital in Dharwad, Karnataka, India, utilizing the Rotterdam criteria over a period of 9 months from January to September 2023.

METHODS:

A prospective, observational and cross-sectional study was conducted, enrolling 150 women from the tertiary care hospital. PCOS diagnosis was based on the Rotterdam criteria, considering factors such as age, marital status, education, occupation, nutrition, and biochemical parameters. Data analysis employed GraphPad Prism version 9 and SPSS software version 20.

RESULTS:

Of the 150 participants, 72.47% met the Rotterdam criteria for PCOS, with oligomenorrhea, clinical/biochemical hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries on ultrasonography identified. The highest prevalence was in the age group of 27–30 years (31.19%). Significant associations were observed between PCOS and dietary habits, with P < 0.001. Demographic profiles indicated a higher prevalence among married individuals (81.65%) and those with primary education (69.72%). Body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio were significantly different between PCOS and control groups (P = 0.0326 and < 0.001, respectively). Biochemical parameters such as luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio and anti-Müllerian hormone levels showed significant differences (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION:

PCOS prevalence was notable among reproductive age women at the tertiary care hospital. The study underscores the importance of considering both clinical and biochemical parameters for PCOS diagnosis using the Rotterdam criteria. Lifestyle management, including dietary changes and physical activity, emerged as the essential components. Further research and awareness initiatives are needed to address the increasing prevalence of PCOS and improve diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Prevalence of Chronic Wounds Microbial Contaminations and their Susceptibility Pattern to Current Antibiotics in Mbingo and Nkwen Baptist Hospitals
Authors: Lontum Dinka Clifford , Tsouh Fokou Patrick Valere , Bonglavnyuy Tume Christopher
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

Antimicrobial resistance among pathogens causing chronic wound infections is a growing concern, particularly in low-income countries. Understanding the microbial profile and antibiotic susceptibility patterns in chronic wounds is crucial for guiding effective treatment strategies. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of microbial contamination and antibiotic susceptibility patterns in chronic wounds among patients treated at Mbingo Baptist Hospital and Nkwen Baptist Hospital in Northwest Cameroon.

METHODS:

A cross-sectional, hospital-based study was conducted from March to June 2022. Wound samples were collected from patients with chronic wounds, and microbiological analyses were performed to identify the isolates and assess their antimicrobial susceptibility.

RESULTS:

A total of 54 chronic wounds were examined, with venous ulcers being the most common type (42.6%). Bacterial and fungal growth was detected in 89% of the wound swabs. Gram-negative bacteria, including Salmonella spp. (14.8%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7.4%), were frequently isolated, along with Gram-positive organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus (18.5%) and Staphylococcus spp. (11.1%). Polymicrobial infections were observed in 11.2% of the cases. The isolates exhibited high-resistance rates to commonly used antibiotics, such as sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (83%), amoxicillin (80.9%), ceftriaxone (74.5%), azithromycin (66%), and doxycycline (61.7%). Diphtheria spp. and S. aureus showed resistance to nearly all the tested antibiotics.

CONCLUSION:

This study highlights the significant burden of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in chronic wound infections in the studied health-care facilities in Cameroon. These findings underscore the urgent need for improved antimicrobial stewardship and the development of novel treatment strategies to address the growing challenge of drug-resistant pathogens in chronic wound management.
Can Renal Masses Cross Midline? – Report of Three Cases of Renal and Visceral Midline Shifts Due to Abdominal Mass Effect
Authors: Darsan S. Lal , Moorthy H. Krishna , Gurugubelli Krishna Rao , Boda Bharath Kumar
Published: September 2024

Primary retroperitoneal structures, particularly kidneys, are considered ‘fixed’ to the posterior abdominal wall by fasciae and vascular pedicles from the great vessels. However, huge masses arising in the retroperitoneum – either benign or malignant – are found to exert a mass effect in the retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal compartments, resulting in ‘visceral midline shift’. We present three different cases of retroperitoneal swellings causing extreme anatomical distortions in the abdomen and their surgical implications.
Mitophagy in acute central nervous system injuries: regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic potentials
Authors: Xu Siyi , Jia Junqiu , Mao Rui , Cao Xiang , Xu Yun
Published: September 2024

Acute central nervous system injuries, including ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord injury, are a major global health challenge. Identifying optimal therapies and improving the long-term neurological functions of patients with acute central nervous system injuries are urgent priorities. Mitochondria are susceptible to damage after acute central nervous system injury, and this leads to the release of toxic levels of reactive oxygen species, which induce cell death. Mitophagy, a selective form of autophagy, is crucial in eliminating redundant or damaged mitochondria during these events. Recent evidence has highlighted the significant role of mitophagy in acute central nervous system injuries. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the process, classification, and related mechanisms of mitophagy. We also highlight the recent developments in research into the role of mitophagy in various acute central nervous system injuries and drug therapies that regulate mitophagy. In the final section of this review, we emphasize the potential for treating these disorders by focusing on mitophagy and suggest future research paths in this area.
Can patient gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomics affect their attitude toward rubber dam? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Maqbool Manahil , Daramalinggam Logan Raj , Then Bernard , Akram Zunaira , Ghani Nik Rozainah Nik Abdul , Noorani Tahir Yusuf
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Using rubber dam (RD) is essential during restorative and endodontic procedures. It aids in avoiding instrument or restorative material aspiration and helps the operator in achieving a clean and dry operating site. This study aimed to determine patient attitudes toward the use of RD in a Malaysian subpopulation based on their gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (household income and educational level).

Materials and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study conducted on the east-coast patient population of Malaysia, receiving restorative and endodontic treatments with a RD at the undergraduate dental clinics of the School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia. Data were statistically analyzed.

Results:

A total of 106 patients participated and answered the questionnaire based on their satisfaction with RD use. Randomized convenience sampling was done. The satisfaction levels with the use of RD were not significantly different among males and females. However, satisfaction levels were found to be statistically significant based on the level of comfort of different ethnic groups (P = 0.001) and recommendation to friends or relatives (P = 0.004). Satisfaction with RD usage based on level of education was also reported as statistically significant (P = 0.006). There was a statistically significant association between patients’ satisfaction on preference and recommendation to their friends or relatives (P = 0.005) based on household income.

Conclusion:

A patient who was well-educated and earned a reasonable income was more satisfied and prone to accepting and recommending RD usage.
Evaluation of the quantity of extruded debris through the apical foramen using optimum glide path motion: An ex vivo study
Authors: Büker Mine , Ali Afzal , Kayaci Sükriye Türkoglu , Arslan Hakan
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

The aimed of the study was to evaluate apically extruded debris from teeth that were instrumented with full-sequenced files using a new kinematic technique (optimum glide path [OGP] motion).

Materials and Methods:

Seventy-two single-rooted lower bicuspid teeth with a single canal were divided into four groups (n = 18) based on the kinematics of rotation motion, 90° OGP motion, 90° clockwise (CW)–90° counter CW (CCW) motion, and 90° CW–120° CCW motion. Preweighed Eppendorf tubes were used to collect debris. The weight of the dry extruded debris was calculated by deducting the initial tube weight from the end weight. The Kruskal–Wallis test and the least significant difference for pairwise comparisons test were used to statistically assess the data (P < 0.05).

Results:

In comparison to the rotation motion, the 90° OGP motion extruded the least quantity of debris, which was statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

The findings suggest that a 90° OGP motion delivers the best results regarding extruded debris through the apical foramen.
The effect of rotational speed on force and torque during instrumentation of simulated root canals using ProTaper Next rotary files
Authors: Haimed Tariq S. Abu
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Rotary nickel–titanium files are subjected to shear and flexural stresses during instrumentation. Increasing the rotational speed may reduce the shear stresses but can deteriorate the fatigue life of the file. This in vitro study aimed to address the influence of three rotational speeds 300, 500, and 700 RPM on the apical force and torque generated during instrumentation as well as on file fracture.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 48 simulated canals were divided into three groups: 300, 500, and 700 RPM (n = 16). Each canal was instrumented using a ProTaper Next XA orifice opener to prepare the coronal third and an X2 shaper to prepare the middle and apical thirds. A new set of files (XA and X2) was used to prepare four canals. A customized setup was used to evaluate the maximum apical force and torque corresponding to each third of the canal. The files were inspected for deformation or fracture using a stereomicroscope. Force and torque data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Post hoc Tukey test at 5% significance.

Results:

Five hundred and 700 RPM generated a significantly lower apical force and torque than 300 RPM at all canal thirds (P < 0.001). However, 700 RPM was superior to 500 RPM at the coronal third only (P < 0.001). No incidence of deformation or fracture was reported in any group.

Conclusions:

In resin artificial canals, increasing the rotational speed of the tested ProTaper Next files resulted in significantly less apical force and torque without increasing the incidence of fracture. Further studies involving natural teeth are required to validate these results using natural teeth.
Evaluation of apically extruded debris using protaper universal, protaper next, one curve, Xp shaper, and edge file: An in vitro study
Authors: Muhaibes Murtada Qadir , Alwakeel Shatha Abdulkareem
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Effective chemo-mechanical debridement is essential for a successful endodontic treatment. The present study aimed to determine the quantity of apical extruded debris during instrumentation by Protaper Universal (PTU), Protaper Next (PTN), One Curve, Xp Shaper, and Edge file systems.

Materials and Methods:

Fifty human maxillary first molars were chosen for this study. The palatal roots of teeth were decoronated using a diamond disk at length 13 mm, Then 50 samples were randomly divided to five groups (n = 10) (Group I: PTU file; Group II: PTN file; Group III: One Curve file; Group IV: XP Shaper file; and Group V: Edge file). After instrumentation, the root-cap assembly was detached from the glass vial. After that, the outer surface of the root was rinsed in the vial by 2 mL of normal saline to eliminate any debris that could have attached to it. The samples’ vials were stored in a hot air oven for 2 h at 100°C to allow moisture to evaporate before the debris was weighed with an electronic balance that had a 0.0001 g precision.

Results:

The data were statistically analyzed, and the greatest amount of extruded debris was in the PTU file (mean = 1.596), which had a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) with all other groups.

Conclusion:

Even after taking the study’s limitations into account, apical debris extrusion was observed in all groups. In contrast to the PTU file system, which exhibited the greatest value, the One Curve file system showed the lowest mean value of apical extrusion debris.
Comparative study between surgical wound catheter, femoral nerve block, and adductor canal block for postoperative analgesia after knee arthroplasty: A double blind randomized clinical trial
Authors: El Tallawy Salah N. , Ali Wegdan A. , Thallaj Ahmed K. , Ahmed Rania S. , Manaa Essam M. , Mostafa Mohamed S. , Aljasser Fawzi F. , Amlih Haneen F. , Hassanin Abeer A.
Published: September 2024

Objectives:

The present study compared the surgical wound catheter (SWC), femoral nerve block (FNB), and adductor canal block (ACB) for postoperative analgesia after knee arthroplasty.

Methods:

The study included (180) patients scheduled for unilateral total knee replacement and were randomly allocated into three groups. Patients received postoperative analgesia via continuous infusion of ropivacaine 0.2% (10 ml bolus followed by continuous infusion of 5 ml/hour) through the SWC, FNB, or ACB groups. All groups received supplemental analgesia by IV morphine using patient controlled analgesia. Pain scores were assessed at rest and during movements, the worst and least pain scores, and how often were in worst pain during the first 72 hours. The functional activity and patient’s satisfaction were also recorded.

Results:

The study showed significant reductions in pain scores at rest and during movements in all groups compared to the baseline scores. Significant reductions in pain scores were observed in both ACB and FNB groups compared to the SWC group (P < 0.05). The worst pain scores were (6.15 ± 2.9, 5.85 ± 2.7, and 5.025 ± 1.513), least pain scores (2.06 ± 0.72, 1.92 ± 1.34 and 1.89 ± 1.76), percentage of time in worst pain (17.67 ± 9.15, 11.42 ± 7.50, and 9.8.8 ± 8.14) and the total morphine consumption (39.24 ± 6.82, 34.55 ± 7.86, and 26.40 ± 8.47 mg) in the SWC, FNB, and ACB groups, respectively. Functional assessments and patient’s satisfaction, at 6 and 24 hours, were significantly better in ACB followed by SWC, and lastly FNB group (P < 0.5). No significant differences in the incidence of side effects (P > 0.05). Local anesthetic leak from the SWC was a continuous concern by the orthopedic surgeons.

Conclusions:

In terms of efficiency, ACB provided the highest quality of analgesia in terms of pain relief, functional activity, and patient’s satisfaction. Both ACB and FNB provided higher quality of analgesia compared to the SWC. While ACB and SWC provided better functional improvements compared to FNB.
Oral cancer awareness and attitude toward its screening among health-care practitioners in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Zaki Hattan A. , Almukhlifi Rahaf S. , Alrowaithi Somaya S. , Mirah Mahir A. , Abdoh Roqia , Kaaki Muhannad M. , Abdouh Ismail
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Oral cancer (OC) is a major health problem globally; it is the sixth-most common cancer worldwide, affecting anywhere in the oral cavity and associated with multiple risk factors, including the awareness and practices from medical and dental practitioners regarding OC.

Aim:

This study aims to explore the level of awareness of medical and dental practitioners regarding OC and attitude toward its screening in Saudi Arabia, Madinah.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2020 and March 2021 among medical and dental students, interns, and practitioners in Madinah. A total of 265 participants were included in the survey. Data were collected and statistically analyzed and the significance level was set at (P < 0.05).

Results and Discussion:

About 86.9% of the participants were belongs to the dental field, while 13.6% were from the medical field. Half of the respondents (50.2%) were not sure if they feel confident regarding their knowledge concerning the prevention and detection of OC. About 53.8% indicated that they usually do not perform OC screening. However, 88.7% of the respondents are willing to know more information about OC. Dental practitioners were significantly feeling more confident in their knowledge concerning the prevention and detection of OC (P = 0.001). However, a higher number of medical practitioners (44.4%) indicated that they were poorly informed about OC clinical appearances (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:

This study highlighted the importance of improving knowledge and awareness of medical and dental practitioners regarding OC in Madinah Western Saudi Arabia. Current results demonstrate that medical and dental practitioners should be encouraged to take an active role in raising awareness about OC, its signs and symptoms and the associated risk factors; hence, this can aid in the early detection of OC among relevant population.
Awareness of the bidirectional relationship between diabetes, periodontal diseases, and its risk factors among diabetic patients in the Asir region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsharif Haifa Nasser S. , Mari Jawharah Ali Y. , Shafloot Rawan Saeed A. , Alhufayyan Ghydaa Sultan H. , Bahamdan Ghadah Khaled , Javali Mukhatar Ahmed
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Bidirectional relationship between diabetes and periodontal diseases has been recognized and accepted in the literature for a long time and shown to influence each other in both development and disease progression. Age, obesity, stress, smoking, and genetic predisposition are considered risk factors for diabetes and periodontal diseases.

Aims:

The objective of this questionnaire study was to assess the awareness of diabetic patients regarding the bidirectional relationship between diabetes, periodontal diseases, and risk factors.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted on diabetic patients in the Asir region of Saudi Arabia between 18 and 70 years-age group individuals. A self-administrated questionnaire, which contained four sections of close-ended questions, was used. The sections included demographic characteristics, knowledge, and awareness regarding the relationship between diabetics and periodontal disease and knowledge and understanding of oral hygiene. SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the collected data, and descriptive statistical analysis was done.

Results and Discussion:

This study included 221 diabetic patients. The overall knowledge regarding the bidirectional relationship was high among 43%, whereas the knowledge regarding oral hygiene was high among 58.8%. The duration of diabetes (P = 0.006), medication for controlling blood sugar (P = 0.03), type of medication (P = 0.004), and the state of diabetes (P = 0.01) significantly affected the knowledge regarding the bidirectional relationship. There was a significant correlation between the understanding of oral hygiene and the knowledge of the bidirectional relationship (P = 0.0001).

Conclusions:

The study participants had low knowledge and awareness regarding the bidirectional relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease. However, those who had a high knowledge of oral hygiene also had an increased knowledge regarding the bidirectional correlation. Medical and dental professionals must create awareness about the importance of maintaining good oral health and influencing overall general health in diabetic patients, regardless of the presence or absence of the recognized risk factors.
The preclinical teaching of the “Chairside Economical Restoration of Esthetic Ceramic” workflow: A questionnaire-based evaluation
Authors: Nothaft Maximilian , Groth Eva , Tim Eichhorn , Rominu Mihai , Junker Ruediger
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

As part of the preclinical teaching of computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) systems at Danube Private University (DPU) the Chairside Economical Restoration of Esthetic Ceramic (CEREC) system is introduced in the third semester, using the so-called CEREC curriculum. Here, the students learn about the use of the CEREC system for scanning their dental preparations in the phantom head and designing fixed dental prostheses.

Aims:

The perspective and feedback of students is essential for the success of teaching modules, which is why their views on the so-called curriculum CEREC (CAD/CAM) were evaluated using an anonymous questionnaire.

Materials and Methods:

A survey study in written form was conducted using anonymized questionnaires. A descriptive statistical analysis of the ratings of the statements in the questionnaires in Microsoft Excel and IBM followed this SPSS statistics (version 27).

Results and Discussion:

The results show that the curriculum CEREC was predominantly positively evaluated, and the learning content was positively received. The training of the assessment ability, as well as the promotion of motivation in the course of study, the acquisition of a better understanding, and optimized self-assessment through CEREC could also be affirmed.

Conclusion:

However, it could be concluded that, according to the students, the use of a CEREC system could not replace the feedback of a lecturer.
Knowledge assessment for the management of patients with cleft lip and palate among dental and medical interns and practitioners in Medina, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Othman Ahmad Abdulfattah , Alassaf Muath Saad , Mulla Abduljabbar Khalil , Almohammadi Anwar Abdulkarim , Aljayyar Abdullah Waleed , Qazali Ahmad A. , Alsulaimani Mahmoud , Abdouh Ismail Mahmoud
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is a common developmental anomaly in the head-and-neck region that can be syndromic or nonsyndromic. Various therapeutic procedures can be addressed to manage patients with CLP; hence, awareness about CLP is warranted.

Aims:

This study aims to identify the level of knowledge among dental and medical health-care professionals regarding the management of patients with CLP in Medina.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online-based self-administrated questionnaire. The sampling was convenient with snowball effect; the questionnaire was sent to eligible participants (n = 228). It was divided into four sections regarding demographic data and knowledge questions regarding the management of patients with cleft lip/palate.

Results and Discussion:

About 44.3% disagreed that CLP is always associated with syndromes, whereas only 34.65% and 36.4% were aware of a method to examine for the presence of transverse and/or anteroposterior restriction of maxillary growth, respectively. The responses highlighted moderate level of knowledge regarding the relationship between CLP, associated problems, and the treatment needed. The total knowledge score was 26.83 (7.65) and was significantly higher among participants in the dental field compared to other participants in the medical field (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

The present study highlighted the need to enhance the level of knowledge regarding CLP among dental and medical health-care professionals. Early diagnosis is essential for better treatment outcomes and could influence good prognosis and enhance the quality of life of patients. Hence, improving the knowledge regarding CLP and its management is warranted.
A comparative clinical evaluation of plaque removal efficacy of a chewable toothpaste tablet with conventional toothpaste in children – A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Padmanabh Shital Kiran Davangere , Makhiya Mavaddah , Mulchandani Vinay , Jhamb Vikram , Trivedi Malay , Upendrabhai Mira Jani
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

One of the most important causative factors in the onset of dental caries and periodontal disorders is dental plaque. Mouthwashes and dentifrices, such as toothpaste, are examples of chemical plaque management treatments. Toothpaste is the most widely utilized oral health preventive measure. Dentifrices containing 950 PPM of fluoride have recently been developed as tablets. Tablets are a promising substitute for toothpaste.

Aim:

This study aimed to compare the plaque removal efficacy of a novel chewable toothpaste tablet and a traditional toothpaste in children aged 6–12 years old.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 128 children aged 6–12 years old were randomly split into two equal groups, with 64 subjects were given chewable toothpaste tablets and the other 64 received conventional toothpaste. The efficacy of a novel chewable toothpaste tablet with traditional toothpaste was compared, and the modified plaque index was measured at baseline at 0 weeks and after 4 weeks.

Results and Discussion:

A total of 127 children were evaluated out of a total of 128. Between baseline and 4 weeks, there was a statistically significant difference in mean plaque scores within groups (P = 0.001). At 4 weeks, there was a statistically significant difference (P = 0.001) between the chewable tablet and toothpaste groups.

Conclusion:

Due to the convenience of use for children and the unique type of toothpaste, chewable toothpaste tablets show a higher efficacy of plaque removal than conventional toothpaste. A chewable toothpaste tablet could be a viable alternative to conventional toothpaste for children's oral health.
Association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic periodontal disease: An observational study
Authors: Gurjar Soniya , Choudhary Ruchika , Setia Shubham , Khetan Jitender
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic periodontitis share common risk factors and evidence exists showing an association between the two conditions.

Aims:

This retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the gingival and periodontal status of patients having COPD and their comparison with nondiseased individuals.

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective study recruited 60 patients (30–60 years) with COPD (Group A) and 60 healthy controls (Group B). Patients having cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hypertension, and other comorbid illnesses except COPD were excluded from the study. A complete general physical and medical examination of all the patients was completed, case history was recorded, and investigations such as total blood count, chest X-ray, and pulmonary function tests were undertaken. Each patient’s gingival and periodontal status as evaluated by an experienced periodontist and oral hygiene simplified index, gingival index (GI) (Loe and silliness), and periodontal index (PI) (Russell’s) were recorded.

Results and Discussion:

Group A patients were significantly older than Group B. There was no statistically significant difference in both groups concerning gender. Group A had 45%, whereas, in Group B, 36.7% of the patients had lower socioeconomic status. In Group A, a higher body mass index >30 kg/m2 was observed in 38.6% of the patients as compared to 26.9% in Group B (P > 0.05). In Group A, higher values of oral hygiene simplified index (2.97 ± 0.02), mean GI (1.96 ± 0.01), and mean PI (4.85 ± 0.01) were observed as compared to Group B (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

The study supports an association between COPD and chronic periodontitis. Early detection and treatment of chronic periodontitis may benefit patients with COPD.