bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Audiological Results and Quality of Life of Sophono Alpha 2 Transcutaneous Bone-Anchored Implant Users in Single-Sided Deafness
Authors: Bernardeschi Daniele , Russo Francesca Yoshie , Nguyen Yann , Vicault Eric , Flament Jonathan , Bernou Deborah , Sterkers Olivier , Mosnier Isabelle
Published: April 2016

Single-sided deafness (SSD) represents one of the most difficult audiological conditions to rehabilitate. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the audiological benefits and quality of life of patients affected by SSD who had previously been users of the Alpha 1® when upgrading them to the Sophono Alpha 2® external processor (Boulder, Colo., USA). Nine patients were included in the study. They underwent physical examination, free-field speech audiometry at 40 and 60 dB, a hearing-in-noise test (Hirsch's test and the squelch test), the Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI) questionnaire, and a specific questionnaire on patient satisfaction with Alpha 1. Afterwards, the Alpha 2 external processor was delivered to all patients, and the above-mentioned protocol was repeated after 1 month with the Alpha 2. A statistically significant improvement was found in the speech discrimination score at 40 dB and in the squelch test when using the Alpha 2 external processor compared to the Alpha 1. Alpha 2 had a good clinical tolerance and gave similar results in the specific questionnaire and the GBI to Alpha 1. In conclusion, the new Alpha 2 external processor represents a safe and effective device for the rehabilitation of SSD, and there is an audiological benefit to upgrading to the Alpha 2 external processor for patients who had previously been users of the Alpha 1. The improvement in quality of life is similar to that with other bone-anchored hearing devices.
Association of Vasculogenic Mimicry Formation and CD133 Expression with Poor Prognosis in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Liang Jun , Yang Bo , Cao Qinying , Wu Xiaohua
Published: April 2016

Aims: This study was conducted to investigate the association of vasculogenic mimicry (VM) formation and CD133 expression with the clinical outcomes of patients with ovarian cancer. Methods: This retrospective study was performed in 120 ovarian carcinoma samples. VM formation and CD133 expression was identified with CD31/periodic acid-Schiff double-staining and CD133 immunohistochemical staining. Collected clinical and pathological data included age at diagnosis, histologic type, tumor grade, tumor stage, lymph node metastases and response to chemotherapy. The overall survival time was calculated. Results: VM was identified in 52 (43%) of 120 ovarian carcinoma tissues and CD133 expression was found in 56 (47%) cases. Both VM formation and CD133 expression were associated with advanced tumor stage, high-grade carcinoma and non-response to chemotherapy (p < 0.05). They were also associated with shorter overall survival time (p < 0.05) by log-rank test. Combined marker of VM formation and CD133 expression was associated with high-grade ovarian carcinoma, late-stage disease, non-response to chemotherapy and shorter overall survival time (p < 0.05). Conclusions: VM formation and CD133 expression can provide additional prognostic information for patients with ovarian cancer. Combined marker of VM formation and CD133 expression may be a potent predictor for poor prognosis for patients with ovarian cancer.
Identification of Extrachromosomal Circular DNA in Hop via Rolling Circle Amplification
Authors: Diaz-Lara Alfredo , Gent David H. , Martin Robert R.
Published: April 2016

During a survey for new viruses affecting hop plants, a circular DNA molecule was identified via rolling circle amplification (RCA) and later characterized. A small region of the 5.7-kb long molecule aligned with a microsatellite region in the Humulus lupulus genome, and no coding sequence was identified. Sequence analysis and literature review suggest that the small DNA molecule is an extranuclear DNA element, specifically, an extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA), and its presence was confirmed by electron microscopy. This work is the first report of eccDNAs in the family Cannabaceae. Additionally, this work highlights the advantages of using RCA to study extrachromosomal DNA in higher plants.
A Recent Advance in Image-Guided Locoregional Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Shi Yaoping , Zhai Bo
Published: April 2016

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths. Hepatic resection and liver transplantation are considered to be the preferred treatment for HCC. However, as novel therapeutic options such as image-guided locoregional therapies have emerged and been refined, the manner in which HCC is treated has changed dramatically compared with what it was considered just 2 decades earlier. Summary: This study reviews the current results of various image-guided locoregional therapies for treating HCC, especially focusing on thermal ablative and transarterial techniques. Key Message: Advances in image-guided locoregional therapies, including local ablative therapy and transarterial therapy, have led to a major breakthrough in the management of HCC. Both survival rates and cure rates of patients with HCC have improved markedly since the introduction of these techniques. Practical Implications: Radiofrequency ablation is currently considered as an alternative to surgical resection for patients with early-stage HCC. A newer technique of ablation such as microwave ablation is increasingly being used, especially for large HCC. Transarterial chemoembolization has become a standard care for asymptomatic patients with multinodular tumors in intermediate-stage disease, and transarterial radioembolization has become the method of choice in HCC cases with portal vein thrombosis. Moreover, combination treatment modalities, such as thermal-based ablation combined with transarterial chemoembolization or 125I seed implant brachytherapy, may further broaden their clinical indications for HCC. Moreover, use of localized radiation in combination with thermal ablation has been reported to improve tumor control and long-term survival.
Metastatic Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma Patients Treated with Systemic Therapy Followed by Consolidative Local Therapy: A Nomogram Associated with Long-Term Survivors
Authors: Shiozaki Hironori , Slack Rebecca S. , Chen Hsiang-Chun , Elimova Elena , Planjery Venkatram , Charalampakis Nick , Wadhwa Roopma , Shimodaira Yusuke , Skinner Heath , Lee Jeffrey H. , Weston Brian , Bhutani Manoop S. , Blum-Murphy Mariela , Rogers Jane E. , Maru Dipen M. , Matamoros Jr. Aurelio , Sagebiel Tara , Estrella Jeannelyn S. , Das Prajnan , Hofstetter Wayne L. , Mares Jeannette E. , Mizrak Kaya Dilsa , Harada Kazuto , Lin Quan , Minsky Bruce D. , Badgwell Brian D. , Ajani Jaffer A.
Published: April 2016

Objective: Patients with metastatic gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (MGEAC) have a poor but heterogeneous clinical course. Some patients have an unusually favorable outcome. We sought to identify clinical variables associated with more favorable outcomes. Methods: Of 246 patients with MGEAC, we identified 64 who received systemic therapy and eventually received local consolidation therapy. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used, and a nomogram was developed. Results: Of these 64 patients, 61% had received consolidation chemoradiation (CRT) with doses of 50-55 Gy and 78% did not undergo surgery. The median follow-up time of survivors was 3.9 years, and the median overall survival (OS) from CRT start was 1.5 years (95% CI, 1.2-2.2). Surgery (as local consolidation) was an independent prognosticator for longer OS in the multivariate analysis (p = 0.02). The 5-year OS rate was 25% (SE = 6%). The contributors to the nomogram were longer duration of systemic therapy before CRT and the type of local therapy. Conclusions: Our data suggest that a subset of patients with MGEAC have an excellent prognosis (OS >5 years). However, these patients need to be identified during their clinical course so that local consolidation (CRT, surgery, or both) may be offered.
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome Associated with Refractory Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Delgado Silvia R. , Tornes Leticia , Maldonado Janice , Hernandez Jeffrey , Campos Yesica , Rammohan Kottil
Published: April 2016

We present the case of a young man who was transferred to our hospital with worsening acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) despite treatment with intravenous methylprednisolone, intravenous immunoglobulin and plasma exchange. He developed neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) without the use of dopamine-modulating drugs. His progressive clinical improvement started after treatment with intravenous cyclophosphamide and methylprednisolone. In our patient, acute demyelination with severe bilateral inflammation of the basal ganglia could have caused a state of central dopamine depletion, creating proper conditions for the development of NMS. Significant clinical improvement of our case after treatment with intravenous cyclophosphamide and steroids provides further evidence for a possible role of the inflammatory lesions in the pathogenesis of NMS in association with ADEM.
Cardiovascular Outcomes in Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes: Impact of Blood Pressure Level and Presence of Kidney Disease
Authors: Papademetriou Vasilios , Zaheer Misbah , Doumas Michael , Lovato Laura , Applegate William B. , Tsioufis Costas , Mottle Amy , Punthakee Zubin , Cushman William C. ,   ACCORD Study Group
Published: April 2016

Background: Persons with chronic kidney disease (CKD) represent a population prone to cardiovascular disease (CVD) but vulnerable to adverse medication effects. We assessed the impact of intensive antihypertensive therapy on the cerebrovascular and other CVD outcomes in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes and baseline CKD. Methods: Using current guideline criteria, 1,726 (36.9%) of 4,678 participants in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) blood pressure (BP) arm had mild to moderate CKD (CKD1-3B) at baseline. Participants of this study were randomized to intensive (systolic <120 mm Hg) or standard (systolic <140 mm Hg) BP goals. Fatal and non-fatal stroke were pre-specified secondary outcomes of the ACCORD study. Results: Total cerebrovascular events were significantly higher in participants with baseline CKD (0.66%/year) compared with participants free of CKD (0.28%/year). A significantly higher rate of events was observed in CKD participants. Intensive antihypertensive therapy in participants without CKD at baseline resulted in a 55% significant reduction of any stroke (hazard ratio 0.447; 95% CI 0.227-0.880) and a 50% reduction of non-fatal stroke (hazard ratio 0.498; 95% CI 0.250-0.993). In participants with CKD at baseline, the occurrence of any stroke was reduced by 38% (hazard ratio 0.623; 95% CI 0.361-1.074) and non-fatal stroke by 36% (hazard ratio 0.642; 95% CI 0.361-1.142). Test for interaction was NS between the 2 groups. Changes in other CVD outcomes did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: These findings suggest that intensive antihypertensive therapy offers significant cerebrovascular protection in diabetic participants without CKD at baseline, but significant benefit to patients with CKD cannot be excluded.
Systems Analysis of Thrombus Formation
Authors: Diamond Scott L.
Published: April 2016

The systems analysis of thrombosis seeks to quantitatively predict blood function in a given vascular wall and hemodynamic context. Relevant to both venous and arterial thrombosis, a Blood Systems Biology approach should provide metrics for rate and molecular mechanisms of clot growth, thrombotic risk, pharmacological response, and utility of new therapeutic targets. As a rapidly created multicellular aggregate with a polymerized fibrin matrix, blood clots result from hundreds of unique reactions within and around platelets propagating in space and time under hemodynamic conditions. Coronary artery thrombosis is dominated by atherosclerotic plaque rupture, complex pulsatile flows through stenotic regions producing high wall shear stresses, and plaque-derived tissue factor driving thrombin production. In contrast, venous thrombosis is dominated by stasis or depressed flows, endothelial inflammation, white blood cell–derived tissue factor, and ample red blood cell incorporation. By imaging vessels, patient-specific assessment using computational fluid dynamics provides an estimate of local hemodynamics and fractional flow reserve. High-dimensional ex vivo phenotyping of platelet and coagulation can now power multiscale computer simulations at the subcellular to cellular to whole vessel scale of heart attacks or strokes. In addition, an integrated systems biology approach can rank safety and efficacy metrics of various pharmacological interventions or clinical trial designs.
Hobbes, Galileo, and the Physics of Simple Circular Motions
Authors: Henry John
Published: April 2016

Hobbes tried to develop a strict version of the mechanical philosophy, in which all physical phenomena were explained only in terms of bodies in motion, and the only forces allowed were forces of collision or impact. This ambition puts Hobbes into a select group of original thinkers, alongside Galileo, Isaac Beeckman, and Descartes. No other early modern thinkers developed a strict version of the mechanical philosophy (not even Newton who allowed forces of attraction and repulsion operating at a distance). Natural philosophies relying solely on bodies in motion require a concept of inertial motion. Beeckman and Descartes assumed rectilinear motions were rectilinear, but Galileo adopted a theory which has been referred to as circular inertia. Hobbes’s natural philosophy depended to a large extent on what he called “simple circular motions.” In this paper, I argue that Hobbes’s simple circular motions derived from Galileo’s belief in circular inertia. The paper opens with a section outlining Galileo’s concept, the following section shows how Hobbes’s physics depended upon circular motions, which are held to continue indefinitely. A third section shows the difficulty Hobbes had in maintaining a strictly mechanistic philosophy, and the conclusion offers some speculations as to why Galileo’s circular inertia was never entertained as a serious rival to rectilinear inertia, except by Hobbes.
Revision of the genus Allometopon Kertész (Diptera: Clusiidae)
Authors: LONSDALE OWEN
Published: April 2016

The genus Allometopon Kertész is revised, recognizing 68 species, including 5 undescribed species known only from females. The genus is mostly known from the Australian (30 spp.) and Oriental Regions (33 spp.—only one unnamed female is found in both Australian and Oriental Regions), but also the Afrotropical (5 spp.) and Palaearctic Regions (1 sp.). Most Allometopon are new to science, with 40 new species described here: A. acum, A. asylum, A. atribatum, A. bharetum, A. bivittatum, A. cavernosium, A. cheiris, A. conopeum, A. eotoxon, A. fumihalteratum, A. fuscinum, A. gaimarii, A. giallo, A. glochis, A. gracile, A. hauseri, A. hesperotoxon, A. hirsutum, A. horridum, A. infernum, A. juxtum, A. kokodensis, A. lunatum, A. lux, A. macalpinei, A. machaeroges, A. magnum, A. monstrum, A. nyx, A. phenomena, A. philomela, A. platystylum, A. plicatum, A. procne, A. selenis, A. solare, A. suspirium, A. tenebrae, A. tetrathrix, and A. trilobellum. Calometopon Frey syn. nov. (subgenus of Allometopon with type species A. nobile Frey, by original designation) is included as a junior synonym of Allometopon. Sobarocephala geniculata Sasakawa is recombined as Allometopon geniculatum comb. nov. A key, illustrations and photographs are provided for species.
When risky decisions are not surprising: An application of prospect theory to the Israeli war decision in 2006
Authors: Niv-Solomon Anat
Published: April 2016

On 12 July 2006, Hezbollah operatives crossed into Israel and attacked a military patrol, killing three soldiers and kidnapping two more. In retaliation to this incident Israel launched a military operation that resulted in 34 days of fighting between Hezbollah and Israel. The Israeli retaliation has been deemed to be severe and surprising. Furthermore, a public investigation commission established by the Israeli government implicated key decision-makers, and especially Prime Minister Olmert, as guilty of hasty and irresponsible decision-making. This article views this case through the lens of prospect theory, showing how the decision was made at the framing stage, and suggesting that this decision was not hasty but, rather, was consistent with the logic of loss-aversion.
Investigation of wind resources in Timimoun region, Algeria
Authors: Himri Youcef , Rehman Shafiqur , Himri Saliha , Mohammadi Kasra , Sahin Besir , Malik Arif S
Published: April 2016

This article presents an analysis of wind power resources in Timimoun region using the Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program. This application takes in consideration the effects of sheltering obstacles, surface roughness changes, and the terrain variations on the wind speed variability and power output. The analysis part is composed of generating the wind speed and direction data for developing the wind atlas. Hourly wind data records over a period of 3 years from 2001 to 2003 were obtained from Société Nationale de l’Electricité et du Gaz R&D Office. The wind data measurements were made at an elevation of 17 m above the ground level. The mean values of wind speeds, wind power density, the predominant wind directions, the frequency distribution, and the Weibull distribution parameters (c and k) were determined. Finally, the energy yield was estimated using the VESTAS V90-2.0-MW wind turbine as the reference turbine in the southwestern region of Algeria, Timimoun. RETScreen model was also used to estimate the wind power potential employing the long-term annual mean wind speed data over a period of almost 22 years between 1984 and 2005.
The effect of different variables on in-plane radial permeability of natural fiber mats
Authors: Ehresmann Michael , Amiri Ali , Ulven Chad
Published: April 2016

There has been a vast growth in manufacturing of fiber reinforced plastics by means of liquid composite molding such as resin transfer molding and vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding processes. In these processes, compression of the porous media and pressure of the injected resin result in in-mold forces that need to be determined. Limited information exists regarding the processing parameters and extent of reinforcing potential natural fibers have in polymer matrices. Current study investigates the effect of different variables such as fiber volume fraction, shive content, fiber size, wax content, and resin viscosity on permeability of five different natural fiber mats. Flax fiber with low-, medium-, and high-shive content as well as hemp and kenaf fiber mats was selected for this study and an original experimental device was setup to measure the permeability of the mentioned fiber mats based on different variables. It was found that increasing fiber volume fraction will result in reduction of permeability of all mats. The presence of shive and larger fiber size increased the permeability. Higher wax content lowered the permeability. These competing factors could be used by manufacturers to produce a mat which had optimum permeability while still maintaining acceptable strength.
Assessment of economic instruments for countries with low municipal waste management performance: An approach based on the analytic hierarchy process
Authors: Kling Maximilian , Seyring Nicole , Tzanova Polia
Published: April 2016

Economic instruments provide significant potential for countries with low municipal waste management performance in decreasing landfill rates and increasing recycling rates for municipal waste. In this research, strengths and weaknesses of landfill tax, pay-as-you-throw charging systems, deposit–refund systems and extended producer responsibility schemes are compared, focusing on conditions in countries with low waste management performance. In order to prioritise instruments for implementation in these countries, the analytic hierarchy process is applied using results of a literature review as input for the comparison. The assessment reveals that pay-as-you-throw is the most preferable instrument when utility-related criteria are regarded (wb = 0.35; analytic hierarchy process distributive mode; absolute comparison) mainly owing to its waste prevention effect, closely followed by landfill tax (wb = 0.32). Deposit–refund systems (wb = 0.17) and extended producer responsibility (wb = 0.16) rank third and fourth, with marginal differences owing to their similar nature. When cost-related criteria are additionally included in the comparison, landfill tax seems to provide the highest utility–cost ratio. Data from literature concerning cost (contrary to utility-related criteria) is currently not sufficiently available for a robust ranking according to the utility–cost ratio. In general, the analytic hierarchy process is seen as a suitable method for assessing economic instruments in waste management. Independent from the chosen analytic hierarchy process mode, results provide valuable indications for policy-makers on the application of economic instruments, as well as on their specific strengths and weaknesses. Nevertheless, the instruments need to be put in the country-specific context along with the results of this analytic hierarchy process application before practical decisions are made.
Conversational Moves That Matter
Authors: Hartung Kyle John , Wilson Daniel Gray
Published: April 2016

Cross-organizational “learning conversations” are an important source of informal learning among professionals, though little is known about whether specific characteristics of conversational interaction contribute to different learning outcomes in such conversations. This mixed-methods study examined the relationship between what (learning outcomes) and from what (specific conversational contributions) 79 executives from 22 organizations reported they learned from informal, peer-led conversations. Findings suggest that (1) there are unique associations between different types of reported learning outcomes and specific types of conversational contributions that are controversial, narrative, and inquiry in nature and (2) higher and/or lower proportions of certain conversational moves may support particular types of learning outcomes. We conclude with a discussion of findings and how they can support developing more nuanced taxonomies of effective discourse for informal learning, and identify areas for future research.
Responding to Intimate Partner Violence: Challenges Faced Among Service Providers in Northern Communities
Authors: Wuerch Melissa A. , Zorn Kimberley G. , Juschka Darlene , Hampton Mary R.
Published: April 2016

The current study examined the needs of women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) in a profiled northern community in Saskatchewan, Canada. A focus group was conducted with eight knowledgeable and experienced service providers to gain an increased understanding of the needs of women IPV survivors in northern regions of Canada. The discussion was guided by the question of “What do you see as the needs of women coming through your services with regard to intimate partner violence?” Qualitative analyses highlighted important findings pertaining to the unique needs of women experiencing IPV and the challenges service providers face in northern regions. Suggestions for improvement among resources and services were discussed. The findings will enhance the ability of government representatives and community service providers to decipher the effectiveness of support services and resources for women living in geographically diverse areas.
High Blood Pressure and Self-Reported Systemic Hypertension in Elderly Enrolled in the Family Health Strategy Program
Authors: Oliveira E. C. T. , de Menezes T. N. , de Olinda R. A.
Published: April 2016

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of high blood pressure (HBP), self-reported hypertension, and associated factors among in elderly enrolled in the Family Health Strategy (FHS) Program. Method: This is a cross-sectional study with in elderly enrolled in the FHS Program of Campina Grande/Paraíba/Brazil. This study determined the prevalence of HBP and self-reported hypertension and their associations with demographic, socioeconomic variables, lifestyle, and number of self-reported morbidities. Three blood pressure measurements were performed, and the average value was used for analysis. To control possible confounding factors, data were modeled by the method of linear models generalized with Poisson log modeling to determine prevalence ratios and confidence intervals. The SPSS 22.0 statistical application was used, and 5% significance level was adopted. Results: High prevalence of HBP (80.9%) was observed, which was associated with the number of self-reported morbidities, both in the univariate and multivariate analyses. High prevalence of self-reported hypertension (66.4%) was also observed. In the final model, positive association between hypertension and demographic and socioeconomic variables and lifestyle was verified. Discussion: Monitor hypertension should be a priority action given its association with genetic, social and behavioral conditions presented by individuals.
The Influences of Daily Stressors on Morning Cortisol Levels in Midlife and Older Retirees: The Moderating Roles of Age and Gender
Authors: Wong Jen D. , Shobo Yetty
Published: April 2016

Objectives: This study extends the field of retirement and health by examining the impacts of daily stressors on morning cortisol levels in 253 retirees between 55 and 75 years of age ( M = 66.80, SD = 4.96) and the moderating roles of age and gender. Method: Participants derived from the second wave of the Daily Diary Study portion of the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS-II). Across eight consecutive evenings, participants completed telephone interviews about their daily experiences and provided saliva samples across 4 days. Results: Findings from the multilevel models showed that in the context of navigating the day-to-day responsibilities, older retirees were at a greater risk for subsequent hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) dysregulation than younger retirees. Discussion: Together, better identification of the associations between daily stressors and physiological functioning will help contribute to the knowledge on ways to promote greater quality of life in retirement.
Surgical Exposure and Orthodontic Extrusion of an Impacted Canine Tooth in a Cat: A Case Report
Authors: Surgeon Thoulton W.
Published: April 2016

A 7 month-old, male domestic shorthaired cat was referred because of facial swelling, an operculated cystic oral mass, and impaction of the associated maxillary left canine tooth. Surgical exposure and realignment failed to result in eruption. Surgical re-exposure and orthodontic extrusion resulted in a functional alignment of the tooth within the dental arch. Follow up evaluations over the 5 ensuing years indicated persistence of the facial deformation, no evidence of ameloblastic biotransformation, and a healthy tooth.
Dental and Craniofacial Findings in Eight Miniature Schnauzer Dogs Affected by Myotonia Congenita: Preliminary Results
Authors: Gracis Margherita , Keith Dennis , Vite Charles H.
Published: April 2016

Myotonia is a clinical sign characterized by the delay of skeletal muscle relaxation following the cessation of a voluntary activity or the termination of an electrical of mechanical stimulus. Recently, Miniature Schnauzers with myotonia congenita associated with defective chloride ion conductance across the skeletal muscle membrane were identified. Congenital myotonia in these dogs appears to follow an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Craniofacial and dental findings of eight Miniature Schnauzer dogs with myotonia congenita are described in the present paper: These findings include: delayed dental eruption of both deciduous and permanent dentition; persistent deciduous dentition: unerupted or partially erupted permanent teeth; crowding and rotation of premolar and/or incisor teeth; missing teeth; increased interproximal space between the Maxillary fourth premolar and first molar teeth; decreased interproximal space between the maxillary canine and lateral incisor teeth; inability to fully close the mouth due to malocclusion; distoclusion; and, decreased mandibular range of motion. A long, narrow skull with a flattened zygomatic arch and greater mandibular body curvature were also consistent findings in the affected dogs. The small number of dogs studied prevents conclusive statements about the origin of these abnormalities, however it is interesting that only 1 of 45 unaffected Miniature Schnauzer dogs showed similar traits.
Assessment of Vital Pulp Therapy for Nine Complicated Crown Fractures and Fifty-Four Crown Reductions in Dogs and Cats
Authors: Niemiec Brook A.
Published: April 2016

Subjective owner assessment of the success of vital pulp therapy was performed for complicated crown fracture (n = 9) and crown reduction (n = 54) of canine teeth in dogs and cats. Our results documented that owners are not able to accurately determine the outcome of vital pulp therapy. Objective assessment of vital pulp therapy for teeth receiving crown reduction indicated maintenance of vitality in 28 of 28 (100 %) teeth. Subjective and objective assessments of vital pulp therapy performed > 7-days following complicated crown fracture indicated 9 of 9 (100 %) teeth were non-vital. A poor prognosis for maintenance of tooth vitality is warranted for vital pulp therapy of complicated crown fractures with prolonged pulp exposure regardless of the age of the patient. Whereas, an excellent prognosis can be provided for vital pulp therapy following crown reduction. Semiannual, postoperative oral and radiographic examinations are recommended for a minimum of 2-years to assess vitality in all teeth receiving vital pulp therapy.
Island Palatal Mucoperiosteal Flap for Repair of Oronasal Fistula in a Dog
Authors: Smith Mark M.
Published: April 2016

A two-year-old neutered/male mixed-breed dog had received partial maxillectomy for fibrosarcoma. An oronasal fistula occurred as a complication of the surgical procedure. An island palatal mucoperiosteal flap was developed and rotated to repair the oronasal fistula. Acute (1-month) and long-term (8-months) follow-up indicated appropriate healing of the transposed island palatal mucoperiosteal flap with resolution of clinical signs indicative of oronasal fistula.
Effectiveness of a Dental Gel to Reduce Plaque in Beagle Dogs
Authors: Hennet Philippe
Published: April 2016

Tooth brushing is considered a superior technique for reducing plaque accumulation. Chemical agents may be used to reduce plaque accumulation on tooth surfaces since many owners may not be willing or able to brush their dog's teeth. Following a professional teeth cleaning procedure, a dental gel containing Chlorhexidine was applied in 11 dogs BID for 7-days, while 11 other dogs received a control dental gel applied in the same manner. Dogs in the treatment group had significantly less plaque accumulation during the trial period compared with dogs in the control group. The dental gel applied in the study reported here decreases plaque accumulation in the short-term and may be beneficial in reducing the severity of gingivitis and associated periodontal disease if provided on a long-term basis.
Physical Ergonomics in Veterinary Dentistry
Authors: DeForge Donald H.
Published: April 2016

Ergonomics is the application of a body of knowledge addressing the interactions between man and the total working environment, such as atmosphere, heat, light and sound, as well as all tools and equipment of the workplace. a Work related musculoskeletal injuries, caused by poor posture, have been discussed in human dentistry for several years. Veterinary dentistry, as a relatively new specialty within veterinary medicine, should address the ergonomics of poor posture without further delay to prevent work-related injuries. The generalist, as well as the specialist and their technicians, are subject to various neck and back disorders if proper ergonomic recommendations are not followed. This review article highlights basic ergonomic design principles for illumination and posture in veterinary dentistry.
Orbital Penetration Associated with Tooth Extraction
Authors: Smith Mark M. , Smith Eric M. , La Croix Noelle , Mould John
Published: April 2016

Three cats and 2 dogs were evaluated for ophthalmologic complications associated with teeth extraction procedures. Orbital penetration leading to ocular and. in one case, brain trauma was secondary to iatrogenic injury from a dental elevator. Outcomes included enucleation of the affected eye in 3 cases, and death from brain abscessation in 1 case. Early treatment or, preferably, referral to a veterinary ophthalmology specialist may prevent such outcomes. Awareness of the anatomical proximity of caudal maxillary tooth roof, and the orbit, appropriate interpretation of diagnostic intraoral dental radiographs, and technical proficiency in tooth extraction techniques will minimize these complications in veterinary dental practice.
Symphysiotomy, Symphysiectomy, and Intermandibular Arthrodesis in a Cat with Open-Mouth Jaw Locking — Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Reiter Alexander M.
Published: April 2016

A Persian cat was presented with open-mouth jaw locking. It was suspected that abnormal extrusion of the maxillary canine teeth caused contact with the mandibular canine teeth on closure of the mouth, resulting in levering forces that may have led to increased symphyseal mobility, temporomandibular joint laxity, rotational movement of the left mandibular body and locking of the left coronoid process lateral to the zygomatic arch. Symphysiotomy, symphysiectomy, circumferential and interdental wiring, and intraoral resin-based splint application were performed to achieve intermandibular arthrodesis. Following removal of all devices, no further jaw locking episodes were reported during a 33-month follow-up period.
Treatment of an Infrabony Pocket in an American Eskimo Dog
Authors: Beckman Brett W.
Published: April 2016

This case report describes the use synthetic bone graft particulate and 24% EDTA gel to treat an infrabony defect adjacent to the mandibular right first molar tooth in an American Eskimo dog. Postoperative examination 33-months following surgery showed osseous integration at the infrabony defect and restoration of the periodontal ligament space with a small refractory periodontal pocket.
Hemisection and Partial Retention of Carnassial Teeth in Client-Owned Dogs
Authors: Reiter Alexander M. , Lewis John R. , Rawlinson Jennifer E. , Gracis Margherita
Published: April 2016

Nine client-owned dogs presented with periodontally and/or endodontically involved mandibular or maxillary carnassial teeth that were either individually affected or adjacent to a jaw fracture. A total of 10 teeth were hemisected (8 mandibular first molar teeth and 2 maxillary fourth premolar teeth), and one crown-root segment was extracted for each tooth. Gingival tissues were approximated and sutured over the extraction sites, and the retained tooth portions were treated by means of standard root canal therapy or vital pulp therapy followed by standard root canal therapy. Retained crown-root segments of 2 of the 10 hemisected teeth were extracted following short- and long-term postoperative examinations due to continued periodontal complications. It was concluded that resection of a portion of a tooth can be a useful treatment for periodontally and/or endodontically involved carnassial teeth that are affected individually or located adjacent to a jaw fracture in dogs.
Effectiveness of an Oral Hygiene Chew to Reduce Dental Deposits in Small Breed Dogs
Authors: Hennet Philippe , Servet Eric , Venet Claudie
Published: April 2016

Over a period of 4-months, feeding small breed dogs with a regular dry diet supplemented with a daily oral hygiene chew resulted in a significant reduction in plaque deposition (17.3 %) and calculus accumulation (45.8 %) compared with dogs fed the dry diet alone. Daily feeding of a specifically designed oral hygiene chew that reduces plaque and calculus accumulation may play a role in the severity of canine periodontal disease.
Feline Caries in Two Cats from a 13th Century Archeological Excavation
Authors: Berger Marianne , Stich Hermann , Hüster Heidemarie , Roux Philippe , Schawalder Peter
Published: April 2016

Mandibles of two cats containing carious lesions were discovered among the previously published findings of feline dental resorptive lesions from materials examined at an archaeological museum. These lesions were too small to be noted on radiographs, and consisted of two inconspicuous enamel lesions in a mandibular left first molar tooth (309), a clinically visible white spot area containing an enamel lesion in a mandibular left fourth premolar tooth (308), and a root surface caries in the 308 of a different specimen. Histologic examination using special stains and polarized light revealed both initial and early initial stage enamel caries, as well as root surface caries. Knoop hardness measurements confirmed these findings, considered the first documented cases of feline caries.
Drinking Water Additive Decreases Plaque and Calculus Accumulation in Cats
Authors: Clarke David E.
Published: April 2016

This study was performed to determine the effect of a drinking water additive on reducing plaque and calculus accumulation in cats. A two-period, parallel crossover design was used with each period consisting of a 56-day test phase. Results demonstrated that the addition of xylitol to the drinking water was effective in reducing plaque and calculus accumulation in cats.
Evaluation of Subgingival Bacteria in the Dog and Susceptibility to Commonly Used Antibiotics
Authors: Radice Mirko , Martino Piera Anna , Reiter Alexander M.
Published: April 2016

The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the subgingival aerobic and anaerobic flora of 13 dogs with periodontal disease and the susceptibility of these bacteria to antibiotics currently approved in Italy for treatment of canine infections. Of the anaerobic bacteria, Bacteroides fragilis was most frequently isolated, followed by Peptostreptococcus + Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia. Of the aerobic bacteria, α-hemolytic Streptococcus was most frequently isolated, often associated with Escherichia coli or Pasteurella multocida. Resistance of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria to various antibiotics was generally high. Anaerobic bacteria appeared to be susceptible to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, doxycycline, and erythromycin; aerobic bacteria appeared to be susceptible to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, erythromycin, gentamycin, and sulfa-trimethoprim. Bacteroides fragilis was resistant to all of the antibiotics tested. The emerging worldwide problem of bacterial resistance to antibiotics resulting from overuse and misuse of antibiotics is discussed.
A Retrospective Evaluation of 204 Diagonal Incisor Malocclusion Corrections in the Horse
Authors: DeLorey Mary S.
Published: April 2016

The goal of this retrospective study was to record the direction of the diagonal incisor malocclusion (DIM) and excursion to molar contact (EMC) distances both before and after corrective procedures to determine if any general trends were apparent which may aid in predicting the outcome of DIM corrections. Pre-correction and post-correction data were compared to confirm a benefit to the patient from the corrective procedure. The results of this preliminary study reveal a few general trends to serve as basic guidelines for the practitioner. Lateral EMC distances to the left and right in cases of DIM are commonly asymmetric. When prudently performed, corrective measures usually result in increased symmetry of EMCs. In cases of DIM, the side with the shorter EMC is more likely to remain the same rather than change after DIM correction. Decreases of EMC in one or both directions are much more common than increases in EMC after correction. In 100–300 quadrant DIMs, the EMC to the right will most likely decrease and in 200–400 quadrant DIMs, the EMC to the left will most likely decrease. Despite these helpful findings, the data obtained from this study strongly suggest the existence of multiple etiologies and progressive compensatory mechanisms complicating precise prediction of correction outcome.
Prevalence of Crown Trauma in Free-Ranging Maned Wolves (Chrysocyon Brachyurus) in Central Brazil
Authors: Furtado Mariana Malzoni , Kashivakura Cyntia Kayo , Ferro Claudia , de Almeida Jácomo Anah Tereza , Silveira Leandro , Astete Samuel , Lopes Fernanda Maria
Published: April 2016

Nineteen free-ranging maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus) were captured in central Brazil from April through November 2003. Oral cavity examination revealed 34 teeth with crown trauma in twelve animals. Canine teeth were most commonly affected (44.2 %), followed by premolar (29.4 %) and incisor teeth (26.5%). Trauma to maxillary teeth (67.7 %) was more frequent compared with mandibular teeth (32.3 %). The majority of dental fractures were located at the cuspid portion of the crown (56.0 %). Slab fractures were the most frequent type (37.0 %), followed by horizontal (24.0 %), oblique (24.0 %) and longitudinal fractures (15.0 %). Complicated crown fracture (pulp exposure) was diagnosed in 13 (38.2%) of these teeth while pulpitis noted by tooth discoloration was diagnosed in 8 (23.5 %) teeth.
Locked Jaw Syndrome in Dogs and Cats: 37 Cases (1998–2005)
Authors: Gatineau Matthieu , El-Warrak Alexander O. , Marretta Sandra Manfra , Kamiya D , Moreau Maxime
Published: April 2016

A consecutive series of cases of dogs and cats with locked jaw syndrome (inability to open or close the mouth) are reported in this study. Dogs were significantly overrepresented (84.0 %) and adult dogs were more frequently affected (81.0 %). Temporomandibular joint ankylosis due to fracture was the most common cause (54.0 %) of locked jaw syndrome. Additional potential causes of locked jaw syndrome are masticatory muscle myositis, neoplasia, trigeminal nerve paralysis and central neurological lesions, temporomandibular joint luxation and dysplasia, osteoarthritis, retrobulbar abscess, tetanus, and severe ear disease. Treatment of locked jaw is directed towards the primary cause. It is important to treat the tonic spasm in order to minimize periarticular fibrosis. Surgical intervention is recommended for temporomandibular joint ankylosis. Masticatory muscle myositis treatment is initiated by gradually opening the mouth, with medical treatment based on immunosuppressive therapy. Fracture and masticatory muscle myositis are associated with a relatively good prognosis in regard to short-term outcome as compared to animals with central neurologic lesions or osteosarcoma which have a poor prognosis.
Evaluation of Cross-Protection by Immunization with an Experimental Trivalent Companion Animal Periodontitis Vaccine in the Mouse Periodontitis Model
Authors: Hardham John , Sfintescu Cornelia , Evans Richard T.
Published: April 2016

Companion animal periodontal disease is one of the most prevalent diseases seen by veterinarians. The goal of this study was to evaluate the vaccine performance of a trivalent canine periodontitis vaccine in the mouse oral challenge model of periodontitis. Mice vaccinated subcutaneously with an inactivated, whole-cell vaccine preparation of Porphyromonas denticanis, Porphyromonas gulae, and Porphyromonas salivosa displayed significantly reduced alveolar bone loss in response to heterologous and cross-species challenges as compared to sham vaccinated animals. Based on the results of these studies, a periodontitis vaccine may be a useful tool in preventing the initiation and progression of periodontitis caused by the most commonly isolated pigmenting anaerobic bacteria in animals.
Scoring the Full Extent of Periodontal Disease in the Dog: Development of a Total Mouth Periodontal Score (TMPS) System
Authors: Harvey Colin E. , Laster Larry , Shofer Frances , Miller Bonnie
Published: April 2016

The development of a total mouth periodontal scoring system is described. This system uses methods to score the full extent of gingivitis and periodontitis of all tooth surfaces, weighted by size of teeth, and adjusted by size of dog.
Application of the Gingival Contour Plaque Index: Six-Month Plaque and Gingivitis Study
Authors: Scherl Dale S. , Bork Kim , Coffman Lori , Lowry Stephen R. , VanCleave Misty
Published: April 2016

The Gingival Contour Plaque Index (GCPI) is a recently introduced and validated method of measuring plaque accumulation in dogs. It focuses on plaque accumulated along the gingival margin. Plaque accumulation in this area leads to gingival inflammation and, potentially, periodontitis. A 6-month plaque and gingivitis study was conducted to demonstrate the clinical research application of the GCPI, and to ensure that documented quantification of plaque-reducing efficacy could be related to a reduction in gingivitis. Advantages of the GCPI method are the ability to quantify plaque accumulation in an awake dog with fewer research personnel and more efficient time usage.
Soft Rawhide Reduces Calculus Formation in Dogs
Authors: Stookey George K.
Published: April 2016

This clinical investigation was conducted to evaluate the impact of a unique soft rawhide product on the formation of dental calculus in a housed colony of beagle dogs. The study was designed as a 2-way crossover test with 4-week test periods and a 1-week wash-out period between the test periods. All dogs were provided a dry commercial diet and tap water ad libitum. The dogs were stratified into two groups of matched pairs on the basis of their calculus and plaque formation rates. Each test period was initiated immediately following a complete supragingival scaling and crown polishing and the dogs in the test group received a soft rawhide treat about 4-hours after their normal feeding. Examinations were performed about 20 to 24-hours after the last feeding by an experienced clinical examiner using conventional indices. The data indicated that once daily feeding of the soft rawhide chew product resulted in statistically significant reductions in the formation of dental calculus (28.0 %), dental plaque (19.0 %), and gingivitis (46.0 %).
Measurement of the Curve of Spee in Horses
Authors: Huthmann Stefanie , Staszyk Carsten , Jacob Hans-Georg , Rohn Karl , Gasse Hagen
Published: April 2016

The Curve of Spee is well known, yet hardly understood in the horse, as there is a striking lack of biometrically related data which could help to explain its biomechanical significance. Older horses display drastic alterations of the Curve of Spee in routine clinical examinations. Since the Curve of Spee is known to be biomechanically related to the masticatory forces in humans, the same may apply to the equine, and masticatory deficits can be expected in the geriatric horse. Quantitative data of the Curve of Spee cannot be obtained directly by means of measurements in the horse's long and narrow oral cavity. Instead, the radiographs of 24 heads and 6 skulls of horses of different age were used to develop a geometrical procedure facilitating a quantitative analysis of the height of the Curve of Spee. The geometrical values gave clear evidence that the height of the Curve of Spee was smaller in groups of older horses compared with those of younger horses. This finding was in accordance with biomechanical studies which reported decreased masticatory forces in older horses.