bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Removal of Lead by Adsorption onto 1‐(2‐Thiazolylazo)‐2‐Naphthol (TAN) Imbedded Polyurethane Foam from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Saeed Muhammad Mufazzal , Bajwa Sadia Zafar , Ansari Muhammad Shahid
Published: May 2015

A new preconcentration method is presented for lead on TAN‐loaded polyurethane foam (PUF) and its measurement by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). The optimum sorption conditions of 1.29 × 10−5 M solution of Pb(II) ions on TAN‐loaded PUF were investigated. The maximum sorption was observed at pH 7 with 20 minutes equilibrated time on 7.25 mg mL−1 of TAN‐loaded foam. The kinetic study indicates that the overall sorption process was controlled by the intra‐particle diffusion process. The validity of Freundlich, Langmuir and Dubinin ‐ Radushkevich adsorption isotherms were tested. The Freundlich constants 1/n and KF are evaluated to be 0.45 ±0.04 and (1.03 +0.61) × 10−3 mol g−1, respectively. The monolayer sorption capacity and adsorption constant related to the Langmuir isotherm are (1.38 ± 0.08) × 10−5 mol g−1 and (1.46 ± 0.27) × 105 L mol−1, respectively. The mean free energy of Pb(II) ions sorption on‐TAN loaded PUF is 11.04 ± 0.28 kJ mol−1 indicating chemisorption phenomena. The effect of temperature on the sorption yields thermodynamics parameters of ΔH, ΔS and ΔG at 298 K that are 15.0 ± 1.4 kJ mol−1, 74 ±5 J mol−1 K−1 and ‐7.37 ± 0.28 kJ mol−1, respectively. The positive values of enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) indicate the endothermic sorption and stability of the sorbed complexes are entropy driven. However, the negative value of Gibb's free energy (ΔG) indicates the spontaneous nature of sorption. On the basis of these data, the sorption mechanism has been postulated. The effect of different foreign ions on the sorption and desorption studies were also carried out. The method was successfully applied for the determination of lead from different water samples at ng levels.
Single Crystal Structure Determination and Molecular Modeling of Ethyl 4‐{[4‐(Dodecanoyloxy)Phenyl]Diazenyl}Benzoate; Various Mesogenic Behaviors from Different Lengths of Alkyl Chains
Authors: Lai Long‐Li , Su Feng‐Ya , Zhan Kai‐Chao , Cai Yi‐Lyang , Liu Yi‐Hung , Wang Yu
Published: May 2015

The molecular stacking and conformation of ethyl 4‐{[4‐(dodecanoyloxy)phenyl]diazenyl}benzoate was established on the basis of crystallographic data and further compared with those of 4‐{[4‐(decanoyloxy)phenyl]diazenyl}benzoate and 4‐{[4‐(octanoyloxy)phenyl]diazenyl}benzoate. The variation of mesogenic behaviors resulting from the different lengths of alkyl chains was also studied.
One‐Pot Synthesis of 6,7‐Fused Steroidal Thiazoles in Cholestane Series
Authors: Mushfiq M. , Mahboob A.
Published: May 2015

A convenient one‐pot synthesis of 2′‐amino‐ and 2′‐N‐phenylamino‐5α‐cholest‐6‐eno[6,7‐d]thiazole derivatives 4‐9 are reported. The synthesis involves the reaction of cholestan‐6‐ones 1‐3 with thiourea or phenylthiourea and iodine. The products have been characterized on the basis of IR, 1H‐NMR and Mass, which find support in two cases from comparison with authentic samples.
Solubility Measurements of Surfactants and Dissolution of Cytochrome c in 1,1,1,2‐Tetrafluoroethane Modified with Organic Solvents
Authors: Li Jie‐Ren , Yu Tiing
Published: May 2015

The solubilities of four surfactants, sodium bis‐2‐ethylhexyl sulfosuccinate (AOT), cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, didodecyldimethylammonium bromide, and n‐dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride in liquid refrigerant 1,1,1,2‐tetrafluoroethane (R134a) modified with methanol, ethanol, and 2‐propanol were measured. The measurements were performed under 25 and 50 bar at 25 °C. The solubility of AOT was as high as 92 mM in R134a with addition of 2% ethanol. Cytochrome c molecules were then verified to be soluble in the AOT‐containing and ethanol‐modified R134a solution. Accordingly, liquid R134a is suggested as a potential extraction solvent for hydrophilic compounds.
Sesquiterpene Coumarins from Ferula Foetida
Authors: Abd El‐Razek Mohamed H. , Wu Yang‐Chang , Chang Fang‐Rong
Published: May 2015

A thorough investigation of the ethyl acetate soluble fraction from a methanol extract of the resin of Ferula foetida has resulted in the isolation of a new sesquiterpene coumarin namely epi‐conferdione (1), along with four known compounds, colladonin (2), karatavicinol (3), 8‐acetoxy‐5‐hydroxyumbelliprenin (4), and asacoumarin (5). These structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic techniques, including 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The absolute configuration of the new compound was established by circular dichroism (CD).
VSO4.5H2O: A Mild and Efficient Catalyst for Chemo‐Selective Conversion of Aldehydes to 1,1‐Diacetates
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Bakhtiari Khadijeh , Benmorad Tina , Oskooie Hossein A.
Published: May 2015

Protection of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes as 1,1‐diacetates using VSO4.5H2O under solvent‐free conditions is carried out. The products are obtained in good to excellent yields. Ketones are not affected under these conditions.
Fragmentations of Hydroxymethyl Radical Cation: An Ab Initio Study
Authors: Mai Fu‐Der , Lu Hsiu‐Feng , Li Feng‐Yin , Lin Sheng‐Hsien
Published: May 2015

The probable fragmentation channels of hydroxymethyl radical cation were studied through the H‐and H2‐abstraction and C‐O bond breaking reactions including their related isomerization reactions. The energy barriers for hydroxymethyl cation undergoing isomerization reactions are generally higher than those undergoing the concerted 1,2‐elimination reactions to generate CHO+ and H2. The fragmentation reaction to form CHO+ and H2 through the 1,2‐elimination pathways is the major fragmentation channel for hydroxymethyl cation, consistent with the experimental observation. H abstraction from the hydroxyl group of CH2OH+ is more difficult than that from the methylene group. The feasible path to lose H is to generate CHOH2+ through hydrogen transfer reaction as the first step and then to undergo H‐elimination to generate trans‐CHOH+. Among all the reactions found in this study, the OH‐elimination to generate CH2+ has the highest energy barrier. Our calculation results indicate that the major signals contributed from the related species of hydroxymethyl cation found in the mass spectrum should be m/e 29, m/e 30.
DFT Study of the Group Interactions in 1,3,5‐Triamino‐2,4,6‐Trinitrobenzene and 1,3,5‐Triamino‐2,4,6‐Tridifluoroaminobenzene
Authors: Ju Xue‐Hai , Wang Zun‐Yao , Xiao He‐Ming
Published: May 2015

Density functional calculations on isodesmic disproportionation reactions of 1,3,5‐triamino‐2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene (TATB) and 1,3,5‐triamino‐2,4,6‐tridifluoroaminobenzene (TATDB) indicate that the interaction between nitro groups on meta carbons of TATB, which brings about unstability to the molecule, is surprisingly larger than that between difluroamino groups in TATDB. The electron‐withdrawing and electron‐donating groups generate large positive and very small negative values of Edisproportion, respectively. When both electron‐withdrawing and electron‐donating groups are attached to the benzene skeleton at the same time, large negative disproportionation energy is produced, which stabilizes the derivatives. The values of Edisproportion for TATB and TATDB are predicted to be ‐48.03 kJ/mol and ‐63.54 kJ/mol, respectively, indicating that the total interaction among groups with stabilization effects in TATDB is larger than that in TATB. The large difference of the Edisproportion values between TATB and TATDB is derived from the large difference between the interactions of the meta‐nitro group and those of meta‐difluoroamino groups. The energy barriers for the C‐N internal rotation of NO2 group and NF2 groups are 74.7 kJ/mol and 185.8 kJ/mol for TATB and TATDB, respectively. The large energy barrier for the rotation of the NF2 group is caused by its stabilization interaction with neighbor amino groups, instead of steric effects. When the number of pairs of amino‐nitro or amino‐difluoroamino groups increases, there are more negative charges on the NO2/NF2 groups and on the O/F atoms.
Interaction of Dipalmitoyl Phosphatidylcholine with n‐Hexadecanol in Monolayer and Liposome
Authors: Chen Yu‐Chian , Chang Chien‐Hsiang , Yang Yu‐Min , Maa Jer‐Ru , Lin Jing‐Li , Wu Chieh‐Hsi
Published: May 2015

The monolayer collapse behavior of n‐hexadecanol/dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) was investigated in this study at the air/water interface at 37 °C. Surface pressure variations with time for the mixed monolayers of DPPC with 20 mol% and 50 mol% n‐hexadecanol at corresponding collapse points were recorded by a Langmuir trough system. In addition, the interaction of n‐hexadecanol with a pure DPPC monolayer was identified by fluorescence microscopy (FM). The results demonstrated distinct differences between these systems; according to our observation, the higher the ratio of n‐hexadecanol to DPPC, the more nucleation domains can be induced. The FM images demonstrated that pronounced domain formation was associated with a longer relaxation time of the collapsed DPPC and DPPC/n‐hexadecanol monolayers, and the presence of n‐hexadecanol appeared to enhance the relaxation processes. The liposome was prepared by the thin‐film hydration method. The average diameter of DPPC and DPPC/n‐hexadecanol liposomes was investigated by dynamic light scattering. It is shown that the diameter of DPPC liposome with n‐hexadecanol is smaller than pure DPPC liposome at the initial state. After 24 hours, DPPC/n‐hexadecanol liposome became larger than pure DPPC liposome and lasted for the next four days. The effects of a greater ratio of n‐hexadecanol did not play an important role in DPPC liposome formation based on our dynamic light scattering analysis. Our result demonstrated that n‐hexadecanol might affect the DPPC liposome stability. The increased ratio of n‐hexadecanol in DPPC liposomes could only a play a minor role in DPPC liposome fusion.
Effect of Environmental Pollution on Heavy Metals Content of Withania Somnifera
Authors: Khan Murad Ali , Ahmad Ijaz , Rahman Inayat Ur
Published: May 2015

Heavy metals were investigated in the medicinal plant Withania somnifera as well as of the soil it was grown in using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The plant samples were collected from three different locations of N.W.F.P, Pakistan. The plant parts including roots, stem, leaves and fruits were found to have the quantity of heavy metals corresponding to their content in the soil. The purpose of the study is to create awareness among people about the proper use and collection of medicinal plants containing high levels of heavy metals and their adverse health affects.
Simultaneous Measurement of Urinary Ketamine, Norketamine, and Dehydronorketamine by Liquid Chromatography‐Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Wu Gong‐Jhe , Chan Han , Lee Maw‐Rong , Chen Chung‐Yu , Yang Dar‐Yu , Cheng Fu‐Chou
Published: May 2015

A liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry has been developed for the determination of ketamine, norketamine, and dehydronorketamine in human urine. A separation of these analytes in urine samples without tedious pretreatment procedures has been achieved within 10 min. Linear calibration curves of these analytes with coefficients better than 0.998 have been obtained over a wide range from 12.5 to 200 ng/mL. The accuracy was between 2.1% and 7.2% with detection limits at levels of 0.02 ng/mL, 0.02 ng/mL and 0.93 ng/mL for ketamine, norketamine and dehydronorketamine, respectively. The results demonstrate the suitability of the liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry approach to analyze trace ketamine, norketamine and dehydronorketamine in urine. Urinary ketamine and norketamine levels were relatively low at 4–24 h intervals and were difficult to assay in a normal laboratory. In the present study, the determination of urinary dehydronorketamine levels at 2–24 hours appears to have a great potential for use in Schedule III controlled drugs management.
Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Determination of Uranium and Thorium Using Arsenazo III by H‐Point Standard Addition Method and Partial Least Squares Regression
Authors: Niazi Ali , Ghasemi Nahid , Goodarzi Mohammad , Ebadi Ali
Published: May 2015

Simultaneous determination of uranium and thorium using arsenazo III as a chromogenic reagent at pH 1.70 by H‐point standard addition method (HPSAM) and partial least squares (PLS) calibration is described. Under optimum conditions, the simultaneous determinations of uranium and thorium by HPSAM were performed. The absorbencies at one pair of wavelengths, 649 and 669 nm, were monitored with the addition of standard solutions of uranium. The results of applying the HPSAM showed that uranium and thorium can be determined simultaneously with weight concentration ratios of uranium to thorium varying from 20:1 to 1:15 in the mixed sample. By multivariate calibration methods such as PLS, it is possible to obtain a model adjusted to the concentration values of the mixtures used in the calibration range. In this study, the calibration model is based on absorption spectra in the 600–750 nm range for 25 different mixtures of uranium and thorium. Calibration matrices contained 0.10–21.00 and 0.25–18.5 μg mL−1 of uranium and thorium, respectively. The RMSEP for uranium and thorium were 0.7400 and 0.7276, respectively. Both proposed methods (HPSAM and PLS) were also successfully applied to the determination of uranium and thorium in several synthetic and real matrix samples.
Quantitation of Diltiazem Hydrochloride in Commercial Dosage Forms by Visible Spectrophotometry
Authors: Rahman Nafisur , Azmi Syed Najmul Hejaz , Ahmad Yasmin
Published: May 2015

A selective and sensitive visible spectrophotometric method has been described for the quantitation of diltiazem hydrochloride in commercial dosage forms. The method is based on the reaction of the tertiary amino group of the drug with sodium hypochlorite to form the chloro drug derivative, followed by the destruction of the excess hypochlorite by sodium nitrite and the subsequent development of blue color takes place by the reaction of chloro derivative of drug with starch and potassium iodide in sodium bicarbonate medium. The maximum absorbance of the resulting blue solution is read at 540 nm. Under the optimized experimental conditions, Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range of 2.5–25.0 μg mL−1 with a linear regression equation of A = 9.85 × 10−4 + 4.90 × 10−2 C and coefficient of correlation, r = 0.9999. The molar absorptivity is found to be 2.26 × 104L mol−1 cm−1. The limits of detection and quantitation of the proposed method are 0.12 and 0.37 μg mL−1, respectively. The proposed method has been successfully applied for the quantitation of diltiazem hydrochloride in commercial dosage forms. The results of the proposed method compared with those of Abdellatef's spectrophotometric method presented good mean recovery with acceptable true bias of all pharmaceutical samples within ± 2.0%.
Efficient Trimethylsilylation of Alcohols and Phenols with HMDS in the Presence of a Catalytic Amount of 1,3‐Dibromo‐5,5‐Dimethylhydantoin (DBDMH) as a Safe and Cheap Industrial Chemical
Authors: Khazaei Ardeshir , Rostami Amin , Mahboubifar Marjan
Published: May 2015

1,3‐Dibromo‐5,5‐dimethylhydantoin (DBDMH) is found to be an effective catalyst for trimethylsilylation various alcohols and phenols with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) in dichloromethane at room temperature.
A Versatile and Practical Synthesis of 1,1‐Diacetates from Aldehydes Catalyzed by Cyanuric Chloride
Authors: Bandgar Babasaheb P. , Joshi Neeta S. , Kamble Vinod T.
Published: May 2015

Structurally diverse aldehydes are successfully converted into 1,1‐diacetates with acetic anhydride using cyanuric chloride as a mild, convenient and inexpensive catalyst under solvent‐free conditions. The noteworthy features of the present system are shorter reaction times, and mild and solvent‐free conditions. Furthermore, it offers chemoselective protection of aldehydes.
Synthesis of Deuterium Labeled (±)‐2,5‐Dimethoxyamphetamine (DMA), (±)‐4‐Bromo‐2,5‐Dimethoxyamphetamine (DOB), and (±)‐4‐Methoxyamphetamine (PMA) as Internal Standards for Quantitative Analyses by GC‐MS
Authors: Xu Ya‐Zhu , Lin Huei‐Ru , Lua Chang‐Ahai , Chen Chinpiao
Published: May 2015

DMA, DOB and PMA are increasingly abused central nervous system stimulants with neurotoxic properties. In recent years, many controlled substance analogs (designer drugs) with a large variety of structures have reached the illegal market, making their identification difficult. Therefore, this work studies the synthesis of DOB‐d6, DMA‐d6 and PMA‐d3 as internal standards for use in gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) to identify controlled substances.
Synthesis of Newly Substituted Pyrazoles and Substituted Pyrazolo[3,4‐b]Pyridines Based on 5‐Amino‐3‐Methyl‐1‐Phenylpyrazole
Authors: El‐Emary Talaat I.
Published: May 2015

The reaction of the aminopyrazole 1 with benzenesulfonyl chloride, arenediazonium salt, chloroacetyl chloride, ethoxy methyleneamlononitrile and with ethyl 2‐cyano‐3‐ethoxyacrylate gave the substituted 3‐methyl‐1‐phenylpyrazole 2–5a,b. Compound 5b was cyclized to 6 and to 7 by treating it with AlCl3 and with POCl3, respectively. Compound 6 converted to 7 by boiling it in POCl3/PCl5. Compound 10b was produced through reaction of 9 with acetophenone. Reaction of 1 with benzylidinemalononitrile afforded 11. New methods for preparation of 15 and 16 are described. The reaction of 8 with malononitrile, thiosemicarbazide, phenyl hydrazine and acetophenone afforded compounds 18–21. The reaction of 21 with malononitrile gave 22. Compounds 23–26 were produced upon reaction of 10a with malononitrile, phenyl hydrazine, thiosemicarbazide, semicarbazide and with benzaldehyde, respectively.
The Nitrogen‐Assisted Triphenylphosphine Displacement of Thiazoline Ligand in Palladium(II) Complex: Crystal Structures of [Pd(PPh3)2(η1‐\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \left[{{\rm Pd}\left({{\rm PPh}_3 } \right)_2 \left({n^1 \bar - } \right)\left({{\rm Br}} \right)} \right] $\end{document})(Br)] and [Pd(PPh3)(Br)]2(μ,η2‐\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \left[{{\rm Pd}\left({{\rm PPh}_3 } \right)_2 \left({{\rm Br}} \right)\left({{\rm \mu },n^2 \bar - } \right)_2 } \right] $\end{document})2
Authors: Yih Kuang‐Hway , Wang Hsiao‐Fen , Lee Gene‐Hsiang
Published: May 2015

Treatment of Pd(PPh3)4 with 2‐bromothiazoline, Br\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {\rm Br}, $\end{document}, in dichloromethane at ‐20 °C causes an oxidative addition reaction to produce the palladium complex [Pd(PPh3)2(η1\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \left[{{\rm Pd}\left({{\rm PPh}_3 } \right)_2 \left({{\rm \eta }^1 - } \right)\left({{\rm Br}} \right)} \right]2 $\end{document})(Br)] 2 by substituting two triphenylphosphine ligands. In dichloromethane complex 2 at room temperature for 8 h, it undergoes displacement of the triphenylphosphine ligand to form the dipalladium complex [Pd(PPh3)Br]2(μ,η2\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \left [{{\rm Pd}\left({{\rm PPh}_3 } \right)_2 \left({{\rm Br}} \right)} \right]_2 \left({{\rm \mu },{\rm \eta }^2 - } \right)_2 3 $\end{document})2 3 in which the two thiazoline ligands coordinated through carbon to one metal center and bridged the other metal through nitrogen atom. Complexes 2 and 3 are characterized by X‐ray diffraction analyses.
A Facile and Efficient Synthesis of 7‐Azaindoles
Authors: Sun Li‐Ping , Huang Xiang‐Hong , Wang Jin‐Xin
Published: May 2015

A practical and efficient synthesis of 2‐substituted 7‐azaindoles has been developed using a cross‐coupling‐heteroannulation approach.
Synthesis of a Novel Type of Phosphates of Puerarin
Authors: Chen Xiao‐Lan , Qu Ling‐Bo , Yuan Jin‐Wei , Zhao Yu‐Fen
Published: May 2015

A novel type of phosphated puerarin derivatives were synthesized through a simplified Atheron‐Todd reaction for the first time. The structure of these compounds were elucidated by IR, ESI‐MS and NMR. Moreover, the reason the dialkylphophite reagent had different chemselectivities toward different hydroxys on the puerarin was discussed.
Spectrofluorimetric Determination of Fenoterol in Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Eid Manal
Published: May 2015

A highly sensitive spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the determination of fenoterol HBr in pharmaceutical preparations. The method is based on the nitrosation of fenoterol followed by reaction with 2‐cyanoacetamide in the presence of ammonia and measuring the produced fluorescence at 380 nm after excitation at 338 nm. All the variables affecting the reaction conditions were carefully studied and optimized. Linear calibration graph was obtained in the range of 0.064–0.64 μg.mL−1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9999 and a relative standard deviation of 0.83%. The method was applied to dosage forms and the results obtained agreed well with those obtained by the official method. A proposal of the reaction pathway was suggested.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Water Content in Alcohol Organic Solvents
Authors: Bai Hai‐Xin , Yang Xiu‐Rong
Published: May 2015

In this work, the absorption spectral characteristics and color‐change reaction mechanism of cobalt(II) chloride(CoCl2) in alcohol organic solvents has been investigated in the presence of water, and then the optimum conditions for determining the water content in the solvents were selected. Results indicated that the absorption spectra of CoCl2 in alcohols decreased with the increment of water content. At the maximum absorption wavelength of 656 nm, there were good linear relationships between the logarithm of the absorbance and the water content in organic solvents such as ethanol, n‐propanol, iso‐propanol and n‐butanol with related coefficients in the range of 0.9996˜0.9998. For determining water content in organic solvents, this method is simple, rapid, sensitive, reproducible and environmentally friendly. Furthermore, the linear range cannot restrict determination of the water content in organic solvents. This method had been applied to determine the water content in ethanol and n‐butanol with satisfactory recovery of water in n‐butanol between 98.41%˜101.29%.
Speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in Environmental Samples after Solid Phase Extraction on Amberlite XAD–2000
Authors: Duran Celal , Soylak Mustafa , Bulut Volkan Numan , Gundogdu Ali , Tufekci Mehmet , Elci Latif , Senturk Hasan Basri
Published: May 2015

A method for speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in real samples has been developed. Cr(VI) has been separated from Cr(III) and preconcentrated as its pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC) complex by using a column containing Amberlite XAD–2000 resin and determined by FAAS. Total chromium has also been determined by FAAS after conversion of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) by oxidation with KMnO4. Cr(III) has been calculated by subtracting Cr(VI) from the total. The effect of pH, flow‐rate, adsorption and batch capacity and effect of various metal cations and salt anions on the sorption onto the resin were investigated. The adsorption is quantitative in the pH range of 1.5–2.5, and Cr(VI) ion was desorbed by using H2SO4 in acetone. The recovery of Cr(VI) was 97 ± 4 at a 95% confidence level. The highest preconcentration factor was 80 for a 200 mL sample volume. The adsorption and batch capacity of sorbent were 7.4 and 8.0 mg g−1 Cr(VI), respectively, and loading half time was 5.0 min. The detection limit of Cr(VI) is 0.6 μg/L. The procedure has been applied to the determination and speciation of chromium in stream water, tap water, mineral spring water and spring water. Also, the proposed method was applied to total chromium preconcentration in microwave digested moss and rock samples with satisfactory results. The developed method was validated with CRM‐TMDW‐500 (Certified Reference Material Trace Metals in Drinking Water) and BCR‐CRM 144R s (Certified Reference Material Sewage Sludge, Domestic Origin) and the results obtained were in good agreement with the certified values. The relative standard deviations were below 6%.
Synthesis and Photochromic Properties of New Heterocyclic Derivatives of 1,3‐Diazabicyclo[3.1.0]Hex‐3‐Ene
Authors: Mahmoodi Nosrat O. , Yazdanbakhsh Mohammad R. , Kiyani Hamzeh , Sharifzadeh Bahman
Published: May 2015

The facile synthesis of several 1,3‐diazabicyclo[3.1.0]hex‐3‐ene derivatives with varying substitutions such as 2‐methyl‐6‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐2,4‐diphenyl‐(1), 2‐methyl‐6‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐4‐phenyl‐2‐(pyridin‐3‐yl)‐(2), 2‐(furan‐2‐yl)‐6‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐4‐phenyl‐(3), 2‐(furan‐2‐yl)‐6‐(3‐nitrophenyl)‐4‐phenyl‐(4), 6‐(3‐nitrophenyl)‐2,4‐diphenyl‐(5) and 6‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐4‐(3‐nitrophenyl)‐2‐phenyl‐(6) that all behave as “intelligent materials” are reported.
The Molecular Dynamic Simulation of Zolpidem Interaction with Gamma Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptor
Authors: Chen Yu‐Chian
Published: May 2015

Our goal was to generate the extracellular domain of gamma‐aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAA receptor) by comparative modeling and to study the interaction of zolpidem with the GABAA receptor. The modeling strategy was verified to provide reasonable 3‐dimensional coordinates. These coordinates helped to combine all the subunits well. The benzodiazepine (BZ) binding site was located in a binding pocket between the α1 and γ2 subunits of the GABAA receptor. Zolpidem was selected to dock into the binding site. In our study, the residues of the binding pocket were suggested to be αHis129, αTyr187, αGly228, αThr234, αTyr237, γMet96, γPhe116, γSer130, γGly143, and γMet169. By the calculation of the docking module, the conformation of zolpidem docking in the BZ binding site was investigated. A hydrogen bond was found at γArg136 when zolpidem's conformation was in rank 2 of the docking score. The contracted binding pocket showed residues at αHis129, αTyr187, αGly228, αTyr237, γPhe116, and γMet169. Zolpidem docking in a contracted binding pocket might generate a hydrogen bond in α His 129.
Synthesis and Characterization of Copper(I) Complexes Containing Tri(2‐Pyridylmethyl)Amine Ligand
Authors: Hsu Sodio C. N. , Chien Sam S. C. , Chen Howard H. Z. , Chiang Michael Y.
Published: May 2015

Reaction of copper halides CuX (X=Cl, Br, I) with tri(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine) (TPMA) in THF under N2 affords a series of monomeric copper(I) complexes CuX(TPMA) (X=Cl (1), Br (2) and I (3)). Treatment of [CuCl(TPMA)] (1) with 0.5 equivalent of 1,4‐diisocyanobenzene following by equimolar amount of NaBF4 affords a novel binuclear complex [(TPMA)Cu(μ‐1,4‐CNC6H4NC)Cu(TPMA)](BF4)2 (4). The copper(I) halide TPMA complexes show interesting fluxional behaviors in temperature dependence in the 1H NMR spectrum that can be explained by the dissociation and reassociation of the pyridyl group and alkylamine nitrogen of TPMA ligand. The crystal structures of 1, 3 and 4 are determined by an X‐ray diffractometer. Complexes 1 and 3 are distorted tetrahedral coordinates with strong bonding between three pyridyl N atoms and the corresponding halide donor. Crystallographic results of 4 clearly indicates two Cu(I) ions are bridged by 1,4‐diisocyanobenzene, forming a centro‐symmetrical homobinuclear complex with a “dangling” uncoordinated pyridyl group.
1,4‐Di‐4‐Pyridylpiperazine; Synthesis, Crystallographic and Mesogenic Studies of its H‐Boned Complexes with p‐Alkoxybenzoic Acids
Authors: Lin Ching‐Yao , Lee Long‐Je , Lin Chia‐Liang , Lin Ping‐Hsuan , Lai Long‐Li , Wen Yuh‐Sheng
Published: May 2015

1,4‐Di‐4‐pyridylpiperazine 1 was prepared from reaction of piperazine with 4‐chloropyridine and then further blended with p‐alkoxybenzoic acids. Subsequently, a series of H‐bonded complexes were obtained and the mesogenic behaviours of the complexes were then investigated. A good quality of crystal from 1,4‐di‐4‐pyridylpiperazine and p‐octyloxybenzoic acid for single crystal structure determination was also isolated and then studied.
Ketoconazol‐Triiodide Ion Pair Complex as a Suitable Carrier in an Iodide Selective Membrane Electrode
Authors: Maleki Ramin , Hosseinzadeh Reza , Matin Amir Abbas , Farhadi Khalil
Published: May 2015

A novel membrane sensor for selective monitoring of iodide, consisting of a triiodide‐ketoconazole ion pair complex dispersed in a PVC matrix, plasticized with a mixture of 2‐nitrophenyl octyl ether and dioctylphtalate with unique selectivity toward iodide ions, is described. The influence of membrane composition, pH of test solution and foreign ions on the electrode performance were investigated. The optimized membrane demonstrates a near‐Nernstian response for iodide ions over a wide linear range from 1.0 × 10−2 to 1.0 × 10−5 M, at 25 ± 1 °C. The electrode could be used over a wide pH range 3–10 and has the advantages of high selectivity, fast response time and good lifetime (over 4 months). It was successfully used as indicator electrode in potentiometric titrations and direct potentiometric assay of iodide ions.
Simultaneous Determination of Cobalt and Nickel Using Morpholinedithiocarbamate (MDTC) as Reagent by First and Second Derivative Spectrophotometry
Authors: Kaur Varinder , Malika Ashok Kumar , Verma Neelam
Published: May 2015

A selective and sensitive derivative method has been proposed for the simultaneous determination of trace amounts of Co(II) and Ni(II) with morpholinedithiocarbamate (MDTC) in the presence of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS). The molar absorption coefficients of the 1:2 complex of Co(II) and Ni(II) at 326 nm and 322 nm are 2.248 × 104 and 2.505 × 104 L mol−1 cm−1 for zero order. The analytical sensitivity for the second derivative of Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes are 0.0044 μg mL−1 and 0.0060 μg mL−1. The developed derivative procedure, using the zero‐crossing technique, has been successfully applied for the analysis of Co(II) and Ni(II) simultaneously in different alloy samples.
Mutual Separation and Determination of Th(IV) and U(VI) Using Arsenazo III as a Dye Collector Reagent by Flotation‐Spectrophotometric Method
Authors: Hosseini Mohammad Saeid , Yavari Hamid Reza
Published: May 2015

This paper reports a simple and highly selective method for the separation, preconcentration, and determination of trace amounts of thorium and uranium in some complex samples via staircase flotation. The method is based on the initial flotation of the Th(IV)‐arsenazo III complex in the presence of U(VI) from a solution of 5 mol dm−3 HCl, then reduction of U(VI) to U(IV) and repetition of the flotation step. In both steps, the floated complex was dissolved in a 5‐mL portion of methanol and its absorbance was measured at 655 nm, spectrophotometrically. For a 30‐mL portion of the sample, Beer's law was obeyed over the concentration ranges of 3.40 × 10−7to 3.06 × 10−6 mol dm−3 for Th(IV) and3.40 × 10−7 to 3.40 × 10−6 mol dm−3 for U(IV) with the apparent molar absorptivity of 4.20 × 105 dm3 mol−1 cm−1 and 3.59 × 105 dm3 mol−1 cm−1, respectively. The RSDs (n = 7) corresponding to 1.7 × 10−6 mol dm−3 of Th(IV) and U(IV) were obtained as 1.7% and 1.87%. The detection limits (7 blanks) for both the metal ions were found to be 1.7 × 10−7 mol dm−3. The important benefit of the method is that the determinations are free from the interference of almost all cations and anions found in the complex matrixes, such as seawater samples. The proposed method was also applied to reference materials, and the determinations were shown to have good agreement with the certified values.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Polymer Systems Containing 4‐Silylmethylstyrene Units
Authors: Mahkam Mehrdad , Assadi Mohammad Galeh , Tajrezaiy Zohre
Published: May 2015

A series of terpolymers containing silyl pendant groups were prepared by free radical cross‐linking copolymerization. Et3Si and HMe2Si were covalently linked with 4‐vinylbenzyl and abbreviated as TESiMSt and DMSiMSt, respectively. Et3Si was covalently linked with 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). The silyl‐linked HEMA are abbreviated as TESiEMA. Free radical terpolymerization of the methacrylic acid (MAA) with different molar ratios of organosilyl monomers was carried out at 60–70 °C. The compositions of the polymers were determined by FT‐IR spectroscopy and 1H‐NMR. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymers was determined calorimetrically. The study of DSC curves showed that incorporation of monomers with cyclic units in polymer chains increases the rigidity of terpolymers and the Tg value is subsequently increased.
Sulfonylureas as Dual Acting Agents — Synthesis and Biological Activity
Authors: Chavan Ameya A. , Pai Nandini R.
Published: May 2015

2‐Amino‐5‐aryl/alkyl‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles 3a‐e were used as intermediates in the synthesis of some 1,3‐substituted urea derivatives 5a‐o to evaluate their antidiabetic activity as well as antibacterial activity. The obtained compounds exhibited marginal activity against the animal models and the selected microorganisms.
Chemical Constituents from the Root Wood of Zanthoxylum Integrifoliolum
Authors: Cheng Ming‐Jen , Lin Chuan‐Fang , Wang Chyi‐Jia , Tsai Ian‐Lih , Chen Ih‐Sheng
Published: May 2015

Two new phenylpropanoids, integrifoliolin (1) and integrifoliodiol (2), together with 23 known compounds, have been isolated from the root wood of Zanthoxylum integrifoliolum. The structures of these compounds were determined by means of spectral analyses. The reported anti‐HIV constituents of decarine and γ‐fagarine were also isolated from the root wood of this plant.
Synthesis of N‐Butanoylhomoserine Lactone
Authors: Chang Meng‐Yang , Kung Yung‐Hua , Wu Tsun‐Cheng
Published: May 2015

Synthesis of N‐butanoylhomoserine lactone has been achieved from trans‐(2S,4R)‐4‐hydroxyproline via the key regioselective Baeyer‐Villiger reaction.
Total Synthesis of (±)‐Glyflavanone by a Rigid Quaternary Ammonium Salt
Authors: Fang Yu‐Ting , Lin Chia‐Ning , Wu Huan‐Ting , Lee Yean‐Jang
Published: May 2015

Total synthesis of (±)‐glyflavanones and glychalcones was accomplished starting from the known 1‐(5‐hydroxy‐7‐methoxy‐2,2‐dimethyl‐2H‐chromen‐6‐yl)ethanone (6). A new approach to synthesis of flavanones, based on a high yielding N‐benzylcinchoninium salt catalyzed chromane ring forming enantio‐selective cyclization process, is described. Also, synthesis of (+)‐glyflavanone 1, the natural enantiomer, was achieved through optical resolution of a key intermediate in racemic synthesis.
p‐TSA Catalyzed Synthesis of 2,4,5‐Triarylimidazoles from Ammonium Heptamolybdate Tetrahydrate in TBAI
Authors: Khodaei Mohammad Mehdi , Bahrami Kiumars , Kavianinia Iman
Published: May 2015

A one‐pot synthesis of 2,4,5‐trisubstituted imidazoles from 1,2‐diketone or α‐hydroxy ketone, aldehyde and ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate in an inexpensive and readily available ionic liquid, tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI) in molten state using catalytic amounts of p‐TSA has been described.
Dissipative Particle Dynamics Simulations to Investigate Aggregation of Peptide Amphiphile Nanofibers
Authors: Chen Rou‐Yu , Wu Ling‐Ying , Liao Jun‐Min , Chen Cheng‐Lung
Published: May 2015

Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD) method was carried out to investigate the self‐assembly phase behavior of peptide amphiphile (PA) molecules. The simulations showed that these molecules were self‐assembled into three‐dimensional fiber‐like cylindrical aggregates by the assistance of water solvent. The results of DPD simulation are sensitive to various factors including the size of solvent bead, temperature, and the bead ratio of PA to solvent. We found that using 5 to 9 water cluster and solvent bead gives a result of the aggregation of PA molecules into cylindrical fibers. The criteria of forming nanofibers are bead ratios of PA to water larger than 1:6 and temperature above 340 K. The estimated diameter of the cylindrical aggregate agrees well with the experimentally measured value.
Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Studies on the Interaction of Gallocyanine with DNA
Authors: Xu Bai , Jiao Kui , Ren Yong , Sun Wei
Published: May 2015

The interaction of gallocyanine (GC) with double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) in pH 3.5 Tris‐HCl buffer solution was investigated by electrochemical methods and spectrophotometric methods as well. In the potential scan range of ‐0.25 ˜ +0.18 V(vs. SCE), GC had a couple of well‐defined redox peaks at ‐0.022 V and ‐0.069 V on a cyclic voltammogram at the scan rate of 100.0 mV/s, respectively. After the addition of dsDNA into the GC solution, the redox‐peak currents decreased obviously and the peak potentials shifted positively. The results demonstrated that GC binding to DNA was caused by intercalation. Electrochemical parameters such as the electron number (n), the charge transfer coefficient (α) and the electrochemical reaction standard rate constant (ks) were calculated and compared in the absence and presence of dsDNA. Almost unchanged values of the electrochemical parameters after adding dsDNA showed that non‐electroactive complexes were formed when GC interacted with DNA. The results indicated that the decrease of the redox‐peak currents was caused by the decrease of the free concentration of GC in the reaction solution. The binding constant and binding ratio were investigated by spectrophotometric methods. DNA concentration can be determined by the decrease of the peak current of GC. The linear range for dsDNA was in the range of 1.45 × 10−7 ˜ 1.45 × 10−6mol/Land 1.45 × 10−6 ˜ 1.45 × 10−5 mol/L, respectively with the linear regression equation as ΔiP (10−7 A) = 0.037 + 0.018C (10−7mol/L), and ΔiP (10−7 A) = 0.25 + 0.041C (10−6mol/L), respectively, and the detection limit (3σ) was 1.13 × 10−7 mol/L.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Thioctic Acid in its Dosage Forms through Complex Formation with Pd(II)
Authors: El‐Enany N. , Belal F. , Rizk M.
Published: May 2015

A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of thioctic acid in pharmaceutical preparations. The proposed method is based upon the formation of a complex with palladium(II) in acetate buffer of pH 4.8 with an absorption maximum at 318 nm. The absorbance obeyed Beer's law over the range of 2–20 μg mL−1 with a minimum detection limit of 0.15 μg mL−1 and molar absorptivity (ζ) of 7 × 103 L mol−1.cm−1. The different experimental parameters affecting the development and stability of the color were carefully studied and optimized. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of commercial tablets and ampoules. The results obtained were in good agreement with those obtained using a reference spectrophotometric method. A proposal of the reaction pathway is presented.
Spectrophotometric Determination of the Stability Constant of the Inclusion Complexes of Some Catechol Derivatives with β‐Cyclodextrin Based on Their Reaction with Iodate
Authors: Afkhami Abbas , Khalafi Lida
Published: May 2015

The effects of β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) inclusion on the kinetics of the oxidation of several cathechol derivatives, including 4‐tert‐butylcatechol, 3‐methylcatechol and 3‐methoxycatechol, with iodate was studied spectrophotometrically. The rate of the oxidation reactions decreased by increasing β‐CD concentration as a result of inclusion. The stability constants for the inclusion complexes of the investigated compounds were determined based on the changes in the rate constants as a function of β‐CD concentration at pH 3.0. The rate constants for the free and complexed forms and also the stability constants for the inclusion complexes were calculated. The role of the hydrophobic effect was evaluated by studying the influence of the presence of different amounts of ethanol on the β‐CD: guest interaction. In a given H2O‐EtOH mixture the stability of β‐CD complexes shows the order of 4‐tert‐butylcatechol ≈ 3‐methylcatechol ≈ 3‐methoxycatechol. Increasing ethanol content caused a decrease in the stability constant of the inclusion complexes and an increase in observed rate constants.
Application of Tetra Cyclohexyl Tin(IV) as an Anionic Carrier for the Construction of a New Salicylate Membrane Sensor
Authors: Ganjali Mohammad Reza , Norouzi Parviz , Faridbod Farnoush , Rezapour Morteza , Ahmadi Abbas
Published: May 2015

A new tin complex namely tetracyclohexyl tin(IV) (TCHT) was synthesized and used as the ion carrier for the construction of a highly selective salicylate sensor. This sensor shows a Nernstian response to salicylate ions over a very wide concentration (1.0 × 10−7–1.0 × 10−1 M) in a pH range of 5.5–10.5. The optimum selectivity and response could be obtained for a membrane incorporating 30% PVC, 61% BA, 3% of cationic additive (HTAB) and 6% of TCHT. The response time of the electrode is very short in the whole concentration range (15 s). The electrode also shows an excellent discriminating ability for salicylate ions with respect to the most common organic and inorganic anions including chloride, sulfate, nitrate, nitrite, cyanide, sulfite, iodide, thiocyanate, phosphate, acetate, oxalate, citrate, and tartarate ions. The detection limit of the proposed sensor is 8.0 × 10−8 M. The electrode was successfully used for determining the concentration of salicylate ion in synthetic serums.
Al Electrode Modified by Au Atoms as a Novel Electrode for Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Thiosulfate
Authors: Sabzi Reza Emamali , Hassanzadeh Ali , Heravi Parvaneh , Ghasemlu Khosrow
Published: May 2015

An aluminum electrode modified with gold atoms was introduced as a novel electrode. Gold atoms were deposited both chemically and electrochemically onto the aluminum electrode to make an aluminum/gold (Al/Au) modified electrode (ME). The experimental results showed that the Al/Au modified electrode prepared by chemical deposition, exhibits much more current than the electrochemical deposition method. The electrochemical behavior of the Al/Au modified electrode was studied by cyclic voltammometry. This modified electrode showed two pairs of peaks, a1c1 and a2c2, with surface‐confined characteristics in a 0.5 M phosphate buffer. The dependence of Epa of the second peak (a2c2) on pH shows a Nernestian behavior with a slope of 55 mV per unit pH. The effect of different supporting electrolytes, solution's pH and different scan rates on electrochemical behavior of Al/Au modified electrode was studied. Au deposited electrochemically on a Pt electrode (Pt/Au) was also used as another modified electrode. A comparative study of electrochemical behavior of bare Al, Pt/Au and Al/Au modified electrodes showed that both Pt/Au and Al/Au electrodes have the ability of electrocatalytic oxidation of S2O32−, but the electrocatalytic oxidation on the latter was better than the former. The kinetics of the catalytic reaction was investigated by using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques. The average value of the rate constant for the catalytic reaction and the diffusion coefficient were evaluated by means of chronoamperometry technique.
Application of Boron as the Chromogenic Agent in Spectrophotometry I. A Novel Fading Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Aminomethylbenzoic Acid with Boric Acid
Authors: Li Quan‐Min , Zhang Tian‐Tian
Published: May 2015

It is the first time that boron has been used as a chromogenic agent to determine aminomethylbenzoic acid (PAMBA) by the fading spectrophotometric method in this paper. The study indicates that at pH 10.00 the absorbance of PAMBA decreases when boric acid (BA) is added to the solution. A simple, rapid, sensitive and reliable novel method based on the product of PAMBA and BA is obtained. The stoichiometric ratio of the product is 1:2. Beer's law is obeyed in the range of PAMBA concentrations of 0.13 ˜ 38.40 μg/mL at a wavelength of 242 nm (ε242 is 8.1 × 104 L/mol/cm). The equation of linear regression is A = ‐0.06635 – 0.02914C (× 10−5 M), with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.9974. The detection limit is 0.12 μg/mL and RSD 0.11%. The method is successfully applied to the determination of PAMBA in pharmaceutical samples, and average recoveries from pharmaceutical samples and urine samples were between 98.4 ˜ 102.5%. The other components in these samples do not interfere with the determination by the proposed method.
Determination of Levofloxacin in Human Urine with Capillary Electrophoresis and Fluorescence Detector
Authors: Tsai Yu‐Hsien , Bair Ming‐Jong , Hu Cho‐Chun
Published: May 2015

In this study, we developed an analytical method for the enantioseparation of ofloxacin, using capillary electrophoresis with fluorescence detection. The optimum background electrolyte was obtained to be 60 mM hydroxylpropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (HP‐β‐CD) in 50 mM phosphate buffer at pH 2.30. Under these conditions, the (+) and (‐) ofloxacin were completely separated, with the detection limit of 10 nM when the sample was prepared in deionized water. The linear ranges of levofloxacin in deionized water and untreated urine were 10−7 to 5 × 10−3 M with R2 = 0.9989 and 5 × 10−6to 5 × 10−3 M with R2 = 0.9943, respectively. We also applied this method to investigate the purity of a commercial drug. The results revealed that the ratio between (+)‐ofloxacin and (‐)‐ofloxacin (levofloxacin) was 99.9:0.1, and there is about 93 mg levofloxacin per tablet (200 mg). The concentration of levofloxacin in patient's urine was founded to be 7.9 × 10−4M, and the ratio between the two optical isomers was 99.3:0.7.
Preparation of Nanostructural ZrO2/SiO2 and Study on Catalytic Activity of its Superacid Catalyst
Authors: Huang Shao‐Yong , Chen Ru‐Fen , Zhang Xu‐Hong , Song Xiu‐Qin
Published: May 2015

A novel material ZrO2/SiO2 was synthesized on SiO2 support by means of electrostatic self‐assembly technique and sol‐gel method. After treating this material with 0.7 mol·L−1 H2SO4, a nanostructural solid superacid catalyst SO42−‐ZrO2/SiO2 was prepared. The material was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Brunauer Emmett Teller method (BET) and Hammett indicator method. The catalytic activity of the catalyst was carried out for the esterification between acetic acid and butanol. Results show that the catalytic activity of this catalyst was much higher than that of powdered superacid catalyst SO42−/ZrO2. Due to the SiO2 spherical support, the solid superacid catalyst could be separated and recovered easily. The nanostructural ZrO2/SiO2 will be a promising material for the chemical industry in the future.
Selective Method for the Conversion of Oximes to Their Corresponding Carbonyl Compounds under Microwave Irradiation by N‐Bromo‐N‐Phenyl‐Para‐Toluenesulfonamide
Authors: Khazaei Ardeshir , Sadri Minoo , Hosseini Hassan
Published: May 2015

In this work, oximes are converted to their corresponding carbonyl compounds in good yields using N‐bromo‐N‐phenyl‐para‐toluenesulfonamide, under microwave irradiation. The simple work‐up procedure minimizes loss of product.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Monoazo N‐Ester‐1,8‐Naphthalimide Disperse Dyestuffs
Authors: Gharanjig Kamaladin , Arami Mokhtar , Rouhani Shohre , Bahrami Hajir , Movassagh Barahman , Mahmoodi Niyaz Mohammad
Published: May 2015

Five novel monoazo disperse dyestuffs based on N‐ester‐1,8‐naphthalimide were synthesized. Acenaphthene was nitrated, then oxidized to 4‐nitro‐1,8‐naphthalic anhydride. 4‐Nitro‐1,8‐naphthalic anhydride was reacted with methyl and ethyl glycinate in alcoholic media, followed with reduction. 4‐Amino‐N‐methyl and ethyl glycinate‐1,8‐naphthalimide were obtained. These products were diazotized and coupled with appropriate aromatic amines to give bluish‐red or violet dyestuffs.

All intermediates and dyestuffs were purified and characterized by 1H‐NMR, FTIR, DSC, UV‐VIS and Elemental Analysis. Dispersion of dyestuffs was prepared in water and applied to polyester fabrics. The dyed fabrics showed that four of the synthesized dyestuffs were suitable for coloring polyester fibers, producing deep bluish red with very good build up properties.
New Norcembranoids from the Soft Coral Sinularia Lochmodes
Authors: Tseng Yen‐Ju , Ahmed Atallah F. , Hsu Chi‐Hsin , Su Jui‐Hsin , Dai Chang‐Feng , Sheu Jyh‐Horng
Published: May 2015

Two new C‐4 norcembranoids sinulochmodins D (1) and E (2), along with three known norditerpenoids (3–5), have been isolated from the organic extract of a Taiwanese soft coral Sinularia lochmodes (Kolonko). The structures of 1 and 2 were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses and by comparison of their spectral data with those of related metabolites.