bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reliability analysis of (r,s)-out-of-n multi-state systems using copulas
Authors: Erem Halilsoy Aysegul , Iscioglu Funda
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study evaluates the reliability of a multi-state system (MSS) with n components, each having two s-dependent components via copulas.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employs copula functions to model dependencies between components in an MSS. Specifically, it analyzes a (1,1)-out-of-n three-state system using Frank and Clayton copulas for reliability evaluation. A simulation-based case study of a micro-inverter solar panel system is also conducted using the Farlie–Gumbel–Morgenstern (FGM) copula.

Findings

The study finds that incorporating component dependencies significantly impacts the reliability of multi-state systems. Using Frank and Clayton copulas, the analysis shows how dependency structures alter system performance compared to independent models. The case study on a micro-inverter solar panel system, using the FGM copula, demonstrates that real-world systems with dependent components exhibit different performances. Also some effects of dependence parameters on the performance characteristics of the system such as mean residual lifetime and mean past lifetime are also examined.

Originality/value

This study is original in its use of copula functions to evaluate the performance of multi-state systems, particularly focusing on a (1,1)-out-of-n three-state system with dependent components. By applying Frank and Clayton copulas, the research advances reliability analysis by considering component dependencies, often overlooked in traditional models. Additionally, a case study on a micro-inverter solar panel system using the FGM copula highlights the practical application of these methods.
Triple-loop learning as a framework for advancing health systems science in medical education: a transformational change approach
Authors: Kwon Chang-kyu , Lee Andrew Sanghyun , An Soonok , Brandt Mary Catherine
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The American Medical Association has recently adopted health systems science (HSS) as the third pillar of medical education to provide comprehensive and holistic patient care. The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel organizational learning perspective in considering how medical schools can facilitate a transformational HSS curriculum change.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a conceptual paper seeking to present triple-loop learning as a potential approach to HSS curriculum change.

Findings

Due to its potential for structural accountability and sustainability stemming from the inclusion of diverse voices, the authors argue that HSS curriculum change, guided by the principles of triple-loop learning, is likely to lead to the development of medical curricula that are more adaptive and responsive to the constantly changing health-care landscape. The authors advocate for the deliberate inclusion of stakeholders who have historically been excluded or marginalized in the HSS curriculum change process, such as patients and those in sentinel roles (e.g. nurses, social workers). The authors also suggest an integrated, multilevel transformation that involves collaboration among medical schools, accreditation organizations, licensing boards and health-care systems.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper represents the first attempt to apply the theory of triple-loop learning in the context of HSS curriculum change. It highlights how this critical systemic learning approach uniquely contributes to HSS curriculum change, and subsequently to the necessary, larger cultural changes demanded in medical education as a whole.
How does female representation affect long-term firm performance? Capturing causal complexity with a configurational approach
Authors: Tao Yan , Wang Huilin , He Jiaxi , Zhang Ziye , Liu Hong
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Via dialectical perspective and configurational approach, this paper aims to explore the relationship between female representation and long-term firm performance when combined with environmental conditions.

Design/methodology/approach

For necessary condition analysis and time-series qualitative comparative analysis, a sample of 614 listed Chinese manufacturing firms between 2017 and 2020 was obtained.

Findings

The inclusion of female executives can aid firms in their long-term performance and resilience. Seven configurations, categorized as chimpanzee type, African elephant type and queen bee type, can prompt long-term firm performance. Chimpanzee-type configuration is the most prevalent path for firms to achieve long-term performance.

Practical implications

Firms could reconsider the role of female executives in achieving long-term success, assist in breaking the invisible “glass ceiling” and “glass cliff,” and refrain from viewing them as mere “tokens.” Policymakers can improve female representation by institutionally guaranteeing women’s opportunities for empowerment, education and promotion.

Originality/value

This study presents evidence for the legitimacy of female representation by demonstrating the intricate causality between female representation and firm performance beyond the controversy between business ethics and coercive policy. This paper also builds upon and extends the literature on female representation and provides alternative ways to improve female representation by combining female executives’ percentages, professionalism and positions.
Dual solutions of hybrid nanofluid flow past a permeable melting shrinking sheet with higher-order slips, shape factor and viscous dissipation effect
Authors: Abu Bakar Shahirah , Pop Ioan , Md Arifin Norihan
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to explore dual solutions for the flow of a hybrid nanofluid over a permeable melting stretching/shrinking sheet with nanoparticle shape factor, second-order velocity slip conditions and viscous dissipation. The hybrid nanofluid is formulated by dispersing alumina (Al2O3) and copper (Cu) nanoparticles into water (H2O).

Design/methodology/approach

The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are first reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using a mathematical method of similarity transformation technique. These ODEs are then numerically solved through MATLAB’s bvp4c solver.

Findings

Key parameters such as slip parameter, melting parameter, suction parameter, shrinking parameter and Eckert number are examined. The results reveal the existence of two distinct solutions (upper and lower branches) for the transformed ODEs when considering the shrinking parameter. Increasing value of Cu-volume fraction and the second-order velocity slip enhances boundary layer thicknesses, whereas the heat transfer rate diminishes with rising melting and suction parameters. These numerical results are illustrated through various figures and tables. Additionally, a stability analysis is performed and confirms the upper branch is stable and practical, while the lower branch is unstable.

Practical implications

The analysis of hybrid nanofluid flow over a shrinking surface has practical significance with applications in processes such as solar thermal management systems, automotive cooling systems, sedimentation, microelectronic cooling or centrifugal separation of particles. Both steady and unsteady hybrid nanofluid flows are relevant in these contexts.

Originality/value

While the study of hybrid nanofluid flow is well-documented, research focusing on the shrinking flow case with specific parameters in our study is still relatively scarce. This paper contributes to obtaining dual solutions specifically for the shrinking case, which has been less frequently addressed.
Analyzing critical success factors in Lean Six Sigma training
Authors: Paneerselvam Nithiaprathap , Muhammad Nur Amalina , Azhan Anis Masturina , Muhammad Noorhafiza
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of Lean Six Sigma (LSS) training by investigating critical success factors (CSFs) categorized into the domains of people, processes and technology.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey methodology, information was used to collect information from a participant pool of 102 individuals. The collected data were analyzed using ANOVA to examine the relationship between CSF and LSS training.

Findings

Organizing CSF significantly enhances the effectiveness of LSS training. High ratings were consistently observed for experienced instructors, structured materials and interactive elements. However, challenges were identified in evaluating the impact of training and the integration of e-learning platforms. These findings shed light on areas where improvements can be made to further enhance the outcomes of LSS training programs.

Research limitations/implications

The sample size of 102 participants may limit the generalizability of the findings to a broader population. This study primarily examined short-term outcomes, so additional exploration of the long-term effects of LSS training is warranted. This research acknowledges potential bias in self-reported survey data and recognizes that personal perspectives may influence participant responses.

Originality/value

This research contributes a nuanced perspective by categorizing CSFs into the domains of people, process and technology, offering a comprehensive understanding of their interplay. Acknowledging the challenges in training evaluation and e-learning platforms adds originality to the study and provides practical insights for organizations aiming to optimize their LSS training initiatives.
The power of play and community – managing exercise at work by combining institutional logics
Authors: Wagner Ulrik , Møller Ly Lykke
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Play and exercise at the workplace have been promoted as ways to counter the development of lacking physical activity and improve workplace health. Through a reappraisal of the critical literature on workplace exercise, the analysis seeks to answer two questions: How do managers perceive employee health in the intersection between individual responsibility and collective community? How can the performative potentials of workplace exercise be critically understood?

Design/methodology/approach

We use an institutional approach along with critical theories on management in which we argue that specific logics guide certain practices, values and beliefs within organizations. This qualitative study relies on insights from three diverse Danish workplaces that have implemented exercise during workhours.

Findings

Adopting exercise and play as elements inspired by community sports becomes a powerful managerial technique. Managers combine practices such as play and voluntarism with the logics of profession and corporation. This gives rise to practices known from community sport that can lead to micro-emancipations during work as well as to subtle forms of managerial power by hiding explicit references to employee health.

Originality/value

By combining an institutional logics perspective with critical views, the study contributes to the growing body of research on workplace exercise by pointing to the potentials and constraints of adopting a community logic into practices. The study adds nuances to the view on workplace exercise in the critical management literature as well as illustrating the conditions necessary to make exercise and health promotion reconcilable with existing managerial practices.
UNISON framework with fuzzy decision tree for water conservation in the dynamic scheduling of the textile dyeing process
Authors: Ku Chien-Chun , Ma Kang-Ting , Le Thi Nhu Quyen , Chien Chen-Fu
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to optimize the dyeing scheduling process with uncertain job completion time to reduce resource consumption and wastewater generation, and while reconciling the conflicting objectives of minimizing the makespan and the need to limit the production on specific machines to minimize rework.

Design/methodology/approach

We employed a UNISON framework that integrates fuzzy decision tree (FDT) to optimize dyeing machine scheduling by minimizing the makespan and water consumption, in which the critical attributes such as machine capacity and processing time can be incorporated into the scheduling model for smart production.

Findings

An empirical study of a high-tech textile company has shown the validity and effectiveness of the proposed approach in reducing the makespan and water consumption by over 8% while high product quality and efficiency being maintained.

Originality/value

High-tech textile industry is facing the challenges in reducing the environmental impact of the dyeing process while maintaining product quality and efficiency for smart production. Conventional scheduling approaches have not addressed the relationship between machine groups and reworking, resulting in difficulty in controlling the makespan and water consumption and increasing costs and environmental issues. The proposed approach has addressed uncertain job completion via integrating FDT into the scheduling process to effectively reduce makespan and wastewater. The results have shown practical viability of the developed solution in real settings.
Corporate sustainability and value
Authors: Ahmad Hafiz Imtiaz , Aljifri Khaled
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to explore the influence of corporate sustainability on organizational value, specifically focusing on companies ranked in the Just Capital Market ranking. The aim is to establish whether higher sustainability rankings are associated with increased firm value and to investigate how corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities affect both financial and non-financial outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses the Ohlson model to assess the value-generation potential of the top and bottom ten companies in the Just Capital Market ranking from 2013 to 2018. The analysis involves evaluating stock prices and other financial metrics and incorporating non-financial indicators related to CSR activities to gain a comprehensive understanding of their impact on firm valuation.

Findings

The results indicate a strong connection between high sustainability rankings and increased market value. Companies such as Microsoft, Intel and Alphabet, which have robust CSR initiatives, have shown significant improvements in market performance due to greater stakeholder engagement and detailed non-financial disclosures. On the other hand, companies with low sustainability ratings have demonstrated weaker market performance, which indicates the financial risks associated with neglecting CSR activities. This study underscores the critical importance of integrating CSR into fundamental business strategies to create sustainable value.

Originality/value

This study addresses the limitations of traditional financial indicators by incorporating non-financial factors into the valuation process. The study offers a more comprehensive assessment of firm value, reflecting modern business practices and the evolving global economy landscape. Integrating nonfinancial indicators enhances valuation accuracy and provides a holistic view of company performance, enabling stakeholders to make informed decisions based on a broader range of factors. This innovative method may reshape firm valuations, leading to more accurate and reliable assessments in contemporary business contexts.
Exploring adult safeguarding data in England: mapping vulnerability and understanding trends
Authors: Vaughan Sarah , Miles Andrew , Hochard Kevin Dionisio , Oakley Lisa , Lafferty Moira , Hales George , Kingston Paul
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore and map Safeguarding Adults England data for 2022–2023 by local authority to enable identification and exploration of any differences between local authorities.

Design/methodology/approach

Colour symbology maps were produced to enable visual analysis of safeguarding concerns and Section 42 enquiries per 100,000 of the population, as well as the conversion of safeguarding concerns to Section 42 enquiries. Statistical hotspots were calculated using the Getis-Ord Gi* for Section 42 enquiries per 100,000 of the population across age classes.

Findings

Findings show regional differences across England in terms of the number of documented concerns, Section 42’s and conversion rates. Some regions had statistically higher or lower Section 42 enquiries per 100,000 of population across age classes compared to their bordering geographical neighbours. Reflections on these findings lead to a series of recommendations.

Originality/value

This paper addresses a need to explore further and analyse adult safeguarding data to inform practice, through choropleth mapping.
Psychological reactance in assertive green advertising: addressing the role of individual values
Authors: Freudenreich Thomas , Penz Elfriede
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Grounded in the psychological reactance theory, this study aims to explore more effective strategies to promote environmentally friendly mobility preferences by examining the interplay between individual value orientations, perceived freedom threats, reactance and assertive language in advertisements promoting sustainable mobility on consumers’ attitude toward such ads.

Design/methodology/approach

An online questionnaire was distributed to 400 participants. Covariance-based structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesized model.

Findings

The study demonstrates that when seeing assertive ads that promote environmentally friendly mobility options, a prevalent biospheric (hedonic) value orientation leads to a significantly lower (higher) perceived threat toward the ad. This was not the case when seeing the non-assertive ad. While assertiveness in ads has a greater positive influence on the relationship between perceived freedom threat and reactance, non-assertiveness has a greater negative effect on the relationship between perceived reactance and attitude toward green ads.

Practical implications

Organizations promoting sustainable mobility should tailor advertisements to audience values. For groups with shared values, direct and assertive messages work. For broader audiences, emphasize message attractiveness over assertiveness.

Originality/value

The study investigates the influence of assertive message framing and individual value orientations on the reactance process in the context of environmentally friendly mobility. It finds individual value orientations to be a significant factor in the reactance process, further extending the psychological reactance theory. Moreover, it revalidates reactance as a construct consisting of anger and negative cognition.
A genetic algorithm-based solution for multi-type maximal covering location problem (MMCLP): application to defense and deterrence
Authors: Lessan J.D. , Pond Geoff
Published: November 2024

Purpose

We study the problem of finding optimal locations for a suite of defense assets in order to protect high-value tactical and strategic infrastructure across a vast geographical area. To this end, we present a multi-type with non-overlapping coverage requirement as an extension to the classical formulation for the maximal covering location problem (MCLP).

Design/methodology/approach

In our case study, we use open source geographic and demographic data from Canadian sources as inputs to our optimization problem. Due to the complexity of the MIP formulation, we propose a hybrid metaheuristic solution approach, for which a genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed and integrated with local and large neighborhood search operators.

Findings

Extensive numerical experiments over different instances of the proposed problem indicate the effectiveness of the GA-based solution in reducing the solution time by a factor of ten compared to the CPLEX commercial solver while both approaches obtain solutions of similar quality.

Research limitations/implications

This research is limited to location planning of defense assets leveraging geospatial data of Canada. However, the diverse Canadian geography is among the most challenging given broad variability in population density and the vast size of the country leading to a large search space having substantial variability in fitness performance.

Practical implications

Our findings demonstrate that for large-scale location searches, the GA with a local neighborhood search performs very well in comparison to CPLEX but at a fraction of the execution time.

Originality/value

Our findings provide insight into how to make improved decisions for the placement of deterrence and defense systems and the effectiveness of a hybrid metaheuristic in addressing associated computational challenges.
Strategies to alleviate flickering: Bayesian and smoothing methods for deep learning classification in video
Authors: Miller Noah , Drumm Glen Ryan , Champagne Lance , Cox Bruce , Bihl Trevor
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Increasing reliance on autonomous systems requires confidence in the accuracies produced from computer vision classification algorithms. Computer vision (CV) for video classification provides phenomenal abilities, but it often suffers from “flickering” of results. Flickering occurs when the CV algorithm switches between declared classes over successive frames. Such behavior causes a loss of trust and confidence in their operations.

Design/methodology/approach

This “flickering” behavior often results from CV algorithms treating successive observations as independent, which ignores the dependence inherent in most videos. Bayesian neural networks are a potential remedy to this issue using Bayesian priors. This research compares a traditional video classification neural network to its Bayesian equivalent based on performance and capabilities. Additionally, this work introduces the concept of smoothing to reduce the opportunities for “flickering.”

Findings

The augmentation of Bayesian layers to CNNs matched with an exponentially decaying weighted average for classifications demonstrates promising benefits in reducing flickering. In the best case the proposed Bayesian CNN model reduces flickering by 67% while maintaining both overall accuracy and class level accuracy.

Research limitations/implications

The training of the Bayesian CNN is more computationally demanding and the requirement to classify frames multiple times reduces resulting framerate. However, for some high surety mission applications this is a tradeoff the decision analyst may be willing to make.

Originality/value

Our research expands on previous efforts by first using a variable number of frames to produce the moving average as well as by using an exponentially decaying moving average in conjunction with Bayesian augmentation.
AI learning intention, learning engagement and behavioral outcomes: an empirical study
Authors: Bhatt Parag , Muduli Ashutosh
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Research on training and/or L&D effectiveness is predominantly conducted in a traditional L&D context. Little research is conducted on training and/or L&D in the context of artificial intelligence (AI)-based learning. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between the adoption of AI-based learning systems and learners’ behavior. Drawing from the theory of planned behavior, the research examines the impact of attitude (ATT), subjective norm (SN) and perceived behavioral control (PBC) as AI-based learning intention (ALI) factors relate to changes in learners' behavior. Additionally, inspired by the self-determination theory by Deci and Ryan, the study further examines the mediating role of learner engagement between ALI and behavioral change.

Design/methodology/approach

Following a theoretical framework and using a systematic literature review method, the survey research has been planned by considering a sample from Indian industries. The collected data have been analyzed using SPSS-AMOS 27. While path analysis has been conducted to analyze the direct impact of ALI on learners' behavior, Hay’s PROCESS macro has been used to check the mediating impact of learner engagement between ALI and learners' behavior.

Findings

The results proved a significant and positive impact of all ALI factors such as ATT, SN and PBC on learners’ behavioral change. Further, the research found that learning engagement (LE) successfully mediates between AI learning intention and behavioral change.

Originality/value

In the absence of any empirical study in identifying the relationship among learning intention, LE and behavioral outcome, the result of this study may provide useful insights to researchers and practitioners.
Study of nanofiltration membrane process by Langevin dynamic model
Authors: Chahbi Achraf , Korchi Meriem , Ezaier Yassine , Moultif Rachida , Hader Ahmed , Tarras Ilias , Et-Touizi Rachid , Krimech Fatima Zahra , Tanasehte Mohammed
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The model incorporates key factors of membrane such as permeability and resistance, feed concentration, fluid viscosity and pressure differentials. Special emphasis is placed on the fouling mechanisms, including pore blockage and cake layer formation, which significantly impact the efficiency of the filtration process.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, we present a numerical analysis of permeate flux through a membrane, focusing on the intricate dynamics of fouling phenomena. Utilizing the Langevin model, we simulate the permeation process to understand how various operational parameters affect the flux rates.

Findings

Our results demonstrate that fouling not only reduces the permeate flux but also alters the membrane’s hydraulic resistance over time. The results show that the increasing of the diffusion process on membrane reduces the clogging phenomenon. Hence, the increases of the transmembrane pressure reduce exponentially blocking pore process.

Originality/value

By analyzing these changes, we provide insights into optimizing membrane performance and developing strategies to mitigate clogging membrane. This research contributes to the field of membrane technology by enhancing our understanding of permeate flux behavior under fouling conditions and offering potential pathways for improving long-term operational sustainability.
The impact of logo change on brand loyalty with the mediating role of brand attitude
Authors: Maree Ahmed Moustafa , Halim Yasser Tawfik , Hamdy Hosny Ibrahim
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This research examines the impact of logo changes within rebranding strategies, with a focus on the recent logo transformation of Burger King. Redesigns of logos often reflect shifts in brand strategies and consumer preferences. This study aims to evaluate the effects of logo changes on brand loyalty with the mediating role of brand attitude.

Design/methodology/approach

This study investigates the influence of Burger King’s logo change on consumer behavior, specifically regarding brand loyalty. The research involves an analysis of the appropriateness and familiarity of the old and new Burger King logos, based on data collected from 468 Egyptian consumers. Statistical analysis is conducted using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to assess the impact of logo changes on consumer loyalty.

Findings

The findings indicate that a change in logo can positively affect brand loyalty, particularly when the new logo is perceived as both appropriate and familiar to consumers. Additionally, the study highlights the mediating role of brand attitude, suggesting that favorable brand perceptions enhance the relationship between logo changes and consumer loyalty.

Practical implications

The practical implications of this study highlight key strategies for brand managers involved in rebranding efforts and the associated risks of such processes. Ensuring logo appropriateness and maintaining elements of familiarity are crucial to fostering consumer acceptance and loyalty.

Originality/value

This study highlights the important role of logo change “logo appropriateness and familiarity,” offering a new perspective on how aligning logos with brand identity and retaining familiar elements can enhance consumer acceptance and loyalty with the presence of brand attitude as a mediator in this relationship.
Variable gauge length: Processing theory and applications to distributed acoustic sensing
Authors: Cuny Theo , Bettinelli Pierre , Le Calvez Joël
Published: November 2024

Most distributed acoustic sensing systems will only process acoustic data with a fixed gauge length for the entire well depth. However, it has been shown that the gauge length is a critical parameter to improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio when used as a function of certain geophysical parameters, such as the apparent velocity. It can also be responsible for significant distortions if tuned incorrectly. In this paper, we first aim to reintroduce the concept of gauge length and derive a robust method to optimize its value based on the geophysical parameters whilst ensuring no distortion to the original signal. We then present a novel method of processing the distributed acoustic sensing data using the concept of a variable gauge length. We finish by showing applications of these techniques on synthetic vertical seismic profiling data and some of the results obtained on actual field datasets.
Indirect effects of warming via phenology on reproductive success of alpine plants
Authors: Zhang Tianwu , Chen Yaya , Yang Xiangrong , Zhang Hui , Guo Zengpeng , Hu Guorui , Bai Haonan , Sun Yinguang , Huang Li , Ma Miaojun
Published: November 2024

Climate warming has induced pronounced shifts in the phenology of alpine plants worldwide, yet the impact of these changes on plant reproduction remains unclear, although phenology plays a vital role in reproduction.

Based on a 7‐year field warming and altered precipitation experiment initiated in 2017, we measured three reproductive phenological events and seven reproductive traits of six dominant species, belonging to two flowering functional groups, to assess the effects of climate change on reproductive phenology and the reproductive consequence of changing the phenology in an alpine meadow on the eastern Tibetan Plateau from 2021 to 2023.

Warming significantly advanced the start of flowering in early‐spring flowering (ESF) and mid‐summer flowering (MSF) plants, while the fruiting period of ESF plants remained stable. Furthermore, warming led to a decrease in the number of seeds and productivity of alpine plants, while seed size remained stable. Phenological changes regulate the reproductive success of alpine plants. Specifically, the start of flowering for ESF plants and the start of fruiting for MSF plants regulated the number of seeds and productivity of the two flowering functional groups, respectively. The increase in phenological niche overlap and intensification of interspecific competition, caused by different phenological responses of the flowering functional groups to warming, also are key factors contributing to the decline in seed production of alpine plants.

Synthesis. These results demonstrate that the reproductive success of alpine plants would be decreased by earlier reproduction under climate warming, and alpine plants tend to maintain stable seed size in response to climate change. Our study emphasizes the important regulatory and indicative role of reproductive phenology in the sexual reproduction of alpine plants under future climate change.
The development of two fast genotyping assays for the differentiation of hemp from marijuana
Authors: Cheng Ya‐Chih , Houston Rachel
Published: November 2024

The legalization of hemp cultivation in the United States has raised the need for reliable methods to distinguish between legal hemp and illegal marijuana. Genetic analysis has emerged as a powerful tool, surpassing traditional chemical methods in specific aspects, such as analyzing trace amounts, aged samples, and different parts of the sample. Genetic differences in cannabinoid synthase genes offer promise for precise crop type determination, particularly focusing on genes like tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase (THCAS), cannabidiolic acid synthase (CBDAS), and cannabichromenic acid synthase (CBCAS). However, previous research faced several challenges in developing discriminatory genetic markers, including limited sample sizes, high similarity between the synthase genes, and the presence of pseudo synthase genes. A comprehensive study using Next‐Generation Sequencing (NGS) introduced a differentiation flowchart based on THCAS, CBDAS, and THCAS pseudogenes. To bridge the gap between NGS and the practical requirements of crime laboratories, two rapid genotyping assays were developed: a CE‐based SNaPshot™ assay and a TaqMan™ real‐time PCR assay. While the SNaPshot™ assay effectively differentiated various hemp and marijuana types, differentiation was limited with marijuana samples containing THC% close to the 0.3% legal threshold (0.3%–1%). The TaqMan™ qPCR SNP genotyping assay provided quicker results, making it an efficient choice for crime laboratories. However, this method had the same limitations as the SNaPshot™ assay with addtional challenges in differentiating edible hemp seed samples, and it did not provide additional CBD information. The study also highlighted the influence of two variants of one THCAS pseudogene on chemotype determination, emphasizing the necessity for precise genetic analysis for accurate categorization of cannabis varieties.
Relevant propositions for Y chromosome interpretation
Authors: Bright Jo‐Anne , Andersen Mikkel Meyer , Taylor Duncan , Kelly Hannah , Kruijver Maarten , Buckleton John
Published: November 2024

The Y chromosomal haplotype is expected to be identical (or close to, depending on the mutation rate) among a male and many of his paternal relatives. This means that often the same evidential value for the DNA evidence is obtained, whether the true donor or one of his close paternal relatives is compared to a crime sample. Commentators (see for example the UK Forensic Science Regulator or Amorim) have suggested to change the proposition pair to compare the probability of the evidence if the Person of Interest (POI) or one of his close paternal relatives left the DNA to the probability of the evidence if an unrelated male from the population left the DNA. We argue that this is problematic because there is no clear definition of close paternal relatives and truly unrelated males do not exist. Instead, we take a starting point in the traditional proposition pair “The source of the male DNA is the POI” versus “The source of the male DNA is not the POI” and make the latter one operational by suggesting that it is formulated as “The source of the male DNA is a random man from the population”. The issue of matching males in the POI's lineage is then addressed either in a comment in the statement or directly through a probability model.
Review article: Primer for clinical researchers on innovative trial designs for emergency medicine
Authors: Lee Katherine J , Middleton Melissa , Mahar Robert K
Published: November 2024

Randomised trials have long been recognised as the gold standard research tool for evidence‐based medicine. The past decade has seen the emergence of several innovative trial designs that are revolutionising how trials are conducted. These innovative designs enable more efficient, pragmatic trials that can address complex research questions which were previously not possible. In this paper, we provide an overview of the key innovative designs that are likely to be useful in the emergency medicine context, namely cluster crossover and stepped wedge designs, sequential multiple assignment randomised trial (SMART) designs, and platform trials. We describe the main features of each design, outline their pros and cons, and describe when they may or may not be useful. We also provide examples of these innovative designs in contexts that are relevant to emergency medicine.
Pollen morphology and its taxonomic significance in the genus Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae), from northern Pakistan: Insights for honeybees‐plant interactions
Authors: Shah Hussain , Ahmad Mushtaq , Zafar Muhammad , Farah Mohammad Abul , Ahmad Shabir , Ullah Ateef , Khan Amjad , Abdullah Muhammad , Anwar Tauseef , Iqbal Rashid , Aghayeva Saltanat , Ercisli Sezai , Ashraf Muhammad , Elshikh Mohamed S.
Published: November 2024

Euphorbia L. includes 2055 species with native range of this genus being cosmopolitan. In the present study, we assessed pollen morphology of 18 species of this genus occurring mostly in northern Pakistan. Pollen morphology of Euphorbia species is poorly investigated for its taxonomic significance. Here, we examined quantitative characters, including polar diameter, equatorial diameter, P/E ratio. Exine thickness, colpi length, and width were also examined. Among the qualitative characters, pollen shape, type, exine sculpturing, and aperture features were determined. The main aim of this study is to determine and investigate the foraging behavior of the honeybees that interact with Euphorbia species. The current finding will be helpful in melissopalynological analysis for developing beekeeping practices and can be used in the authentication of honey. Pollen quantitative traits applied through a multivariate analysis and diverse sampling also improve botanical and geographical characterization of a particular region. In addition, it is concluded that some palynomorphs of Euphorbia species may contain secondary compounds and can promote signs of toxicity in honeybees. However, the beekeepers wrongly correlate the fact that milky latex from Euphorbia taxa has burning and skin irritation effects on other animals, particularly humans, with honeybee deaths, which might be due to other factors. Our observations indicate with the sense that actual forage plants may not poison their pollinators and honeybees might occasionally be dead due to unidentified factors. We have suggested that beekeepers should attempt to identify the root causes for occasional bee deaths in the area.
Development of SNP Panels from Low‐Coverage Whole Genome Sequencing (lcWGS) to Support Indigenous Fisheries for Three Salmonid Species in Northern Canada
Authors: Beemelmanns Anne , Bouchard Raphaël , Michaelides Sozos , Normandeau Eric , Jeon Hyung‐Bae , Chamlian Badrouyk , Babin Charles , Hénault Philippe , Perrot Océane , Harris Les N. , Zhu Xinhua , Fraser Dylan , Bernatchez † Louis , Moore Jean‐Sébastien
Published: November 2024

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panels are powerful tools for assessing the genetic population structure and dispersal of fishes and can enhance management practices for commercial, recreational and subsistence mixed‐stock fisheries. Arctic Char (Salvelinus alpinus), Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) are among the most harvested and consumed fish species in Northern Indigenous communities in Canada, contributing significantly to food security, culture, tradition and economy. However, genetic resources supporting Indigenous fisheries have not been widely accessible to northern communities (e.g. Inuit, Cree, Dene). Here, we developed Genotyping‐in‐Thousands by sequencing (GT‐seq) panels for population assignment and mixed‐stock analyses of three salmonids, to support fisheries stewardship or co‐management in Northern Canada. Using low‐coverage Whole Genome Sequencing data from 418 individuals across source populations in Cambridge Bay (Nunavut), Great Slave Lake (Northwest Territories), James Bay (Québec) and Mistassini Lake (Québec), we developed a bioinformatic SNP filtering workflow to select informative SNP markers from genotype likelihoods. These markers were then used to design GT‐seq panels, thus enabling high‐throughput genotyping for these species. The three GT‐seq panels yielded an average of 413 autosomal loci and were validated using 525 individuals with an average assignment accuracy of 83%. Thus, these GT‐seq panels are powerful tools for assessing population structure and quantifying the relative contributions of populations/stocks in mixed‐stock fisheries across multiple regions. Interweaving genomic data derived from these tools with Traditional Ecological Knowledge will ensure the sustainable harvest of three culturally important salmonids in Indigenous communities, contributing to food security programmes and the economy in Northern Canada.
Defining Objective BASDAI Cut‐Offs for Disease Activity States and Improvement Scores in Axial Spondyloarthritis: A Multicentric Collaboration
Authors: Goswami Rudra Prosad , Chatterjee Moumita , Das Shyamashis
Published: November 2024

Objective

To estimate objective cut‐off values for Bath ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) corresponding to Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score with CRP (ASDAS) cut‐off values (1.3, 2.1, and 3.5), and for interval changes (ΔBASDAI) corresponding to ΔASDAS (1.1 and 2).

Methods

In this multicentric study, adult patients with active axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) treated with either tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily or adalimumab 40 mg subcutaneously fortnightly were recruited. Available paired data on BASDAI and ASDAS and paired interval change of these parameters (taken at least 3‐months apart) were analyzed. Cut‐off values for BASDAI were determined from a multinomial logistic regression and that for ΔBASDAI were determined with ordinal logistic regression with predicted probabilities. Diagnostics were assessed with correct classification rate (CRR), polychoric correlations (PCC), Goodman and Kruskal Gamma (GKG), and Matthew's correlation coefficient (MCC).

Results

Total 962 observations of paired data and 670 interval change data were available from 266 patient (mean age 35 years, mean disease duration 7 years, mean BASDAI 2.7, and mean ASDAS 2.1). Following ASDAS classes were observed: inactive disease 131 (13.6%), moderate disease activity 322 (33.5%), high disease activity 420 (43.65%), and very high disease activity 89 (9.25%). The three cut‐offs generated for BASDAI were 0.8, 2.5, and 6 for BASDAI and those for ΔBASDAI were 2 and 4. The CRR for BASDAI cut‐offs was 65.59 and that for ΔBASDAI was 54.9. For the BASDAI cut‐offs, both PCC and GKG showed high values (> 0.85) and the MCC was 0.471.

Conclusion

In patients with axSpA, without any clinical or serological confounders, BASDAI values 0.8, 2.5, and 6 corresponded to ASDAS‐CRP values 1.3, 2.1, and 3.5, respectively, and ΔBASDAI values of 2 and 4 correspond to ΔASDAS cut‐offs of 1.1 and 2.
The role of FOXK2–FBXO32 in breast cancer tumorigenesis: Insights into ribosome‐associated pathways
Authors: Liao Fuben , Zhu Jinjin , He Junju , Liu Zheming , Yao Yi , Song Qibin
Published: November 2024

Objective

To search for a new biomarker that can predict the efficacy and prognosis of tumor immunotherapy.

Method

FOXK2 genes were analyzed using single‐cell sequencing in pan‐cancer bulk RNA‐seq from the TCGA database. We used algorithms to predict their immune infiltration. Functional enrichment and ChIP‐seq identified potential downstream gene, FBXO32. FBXO32's role in cancer immune response was explored through analysis.

Results

Significant up‐regulation of FOXK2 was observed in prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD), uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC), bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA), colorectal cancer (CRC), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), while no such increase was found in lung cancer (lung adenocarcinoma [LUAD], lung squamous cell carcinoma [LUSC]) or thyroid carcinoma (THCA) tumor and adjacent tissues. FOXK2 expression correlated with patient prognosis, with lower expression associated with better immune response and survival and higher expression of its downstream gene FBXO32 linked to worse overall survival (OS) and immune infiltration. FOXK2 has the potential to be used as a prognostic indicator and target for treatment in individuals with cancer.

Conclusion

Our research provides insights into the significance of FOXK2 in cancer and indicates its potential as both a prognostic indicator and target for treatment. The ribosome‐associated pathways involving FOXK2 and FBXO32 could be pivotal in the advancement of tumors, offering possible avenues for targeted and individualized immunotherapy approaches. Additional research is required to completely understand the mechanisms that are responsible for the participation of FOXK2 and its subsequent gene FBXO32 in cancer, as well as to explore the possible advantages of focusing on FOXK2 for cancer treatment.
USP8‐mediated PTK7 promotes PIK3CB‐related pathway to accelerate the malignant progression of non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Kong Wencui , Feng Xuegang , Yu Zongyang , Qi Xingfeng , Zhao Zhongquan
Published: November 2024

Background

Protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7) has been found to be highly expressed in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but its specific molecular mechanism needs to be further explored.

Methods

PTK7 mRNA expression in NSCLC tumor tissues was examined by quantitative real‐time PCR. The protein levels of PTK7, ubiquitin‐specific peptidase 8 (USP8), PIK3CB, and PI3K/AKT were determined by western blot. Human monocytes (THP‐1) were induced into macrophages and then co‐cultured with the conditioned medium of NSCLC cells. Macrophage M2 polarization was assessed by detecting CD206+ cells using flow cytometry. The interaction between PTK7 and USP8 or PIK3CB was assessed by Co‐IP assay. Animal study was performed to evaluate the effects of PTK7 knockdown and PIK3CB on NSCLC tumorigenesis in vivo.

Results

PTK7 expression was higher in NSCLC tumor tissues and cells. After silencing of PTK7, NSCLC cell proliferation, invasion, and macrophage M2 polarization were inhibited, while cell apoptosis was promoted. USP8 enhanced PTK7 protein expression by deubiquitination, and the repressing effects of USP8 knockdown on NSCLC cell growth, invasion, and macrophage M2 polarization were reversed by PTK7 overexpression. PTK7 interacted with PIK3CB, and PIK3CB overexpression could abolish the regulation of PTK7 silencing on NSCLC cell progression. USP8 positively regulated PIK3CB expression by PTK7, thus activating PI3K/AKT pathway. Downregulation of PTK7 reduced NSCLC tumorigenesis by decreasing PIK3CB expression.

Conclusion

USP8‐deubiquitinated PTK7 facilitated NSCLC malignant behavior via activating the PIK3CB/PI3K/AKT pathway, providing new idea for NSCLC treatment.