bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tomography of the Solar Corona with the Metis Coronagraph I: Predictive Simulations with Visible Light Images
Authors: Vásquez Alberto M. , Nuevo Federico A. , Frassati Federica , Bemporad Alessandro , Frazin Richard A. , Romoli Marco , Sachdeva Nishtha , IV Ward B. Manchester
Published: May 2022

The Metis coronagraph of the Solar Orbiter (SolO) mission records full-Sun images of the solar corona in Lyman-α ultraviolet (UV) radiation and in visible light polarized brightness (pB). This work investigates the utility of a synoptic observational program of Metis in terms of using its pB-images for tomographic reconstruction of the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of the electron density of the global solar corona. During its lifetime, SolO’s distance to the Sun will range D ≈ 0.3−1.0 au, while its solar latitude will span θ ≈ ±33 •. The limitations that such orbit complexity poses on tomographic reconstructions is explored in this work. Using SolO’s predictive orbital information and 3D MHD simulations of the solar corona, time series of synthetic Metis pB-images were computed and used as data to attempt tomographic reconstruction of the model. These numerical experiments were implemented for two Carrington rotations, corresponding to a solar minimum and a solar maximum, representative of extreme conditions of coronal complexity. For each rotation images were synthesized from three orbital segments, corresponding to extreme geometrical conditions of observation by Metis. For the early phase of the mission (year 2023), simulations were carried from the largest aphelion (D ≈ 0.95 au) and the smallest perihelion (D ≈ 0.29 au), both cases corresponding to low latitude (|θ| < 10 •) positions. For the late phase of the mission (year 2029), a simulation was carried out from the maximum solar latitude position (θ ≈ +33 •), at an intermediate distance (D ≈ 0.5 au). The range of heights that can be reconstructed and the required data-gathering time, both dependent on D, are reported for the six experiments. The extension of the coronal region that can be reconstructed and the accuracy of the reconstruction, both decreasing with increasing solar latitude |θ| as well as with increasing coronal complexity, are discussed in detail in each case. As a general conclusion, a Metis synoptic observational program with a cadence of at least 4 images/day provides enough data to attempt tomographic reconstructions of the coronal electron density during the whole lifetime of the mission, a requirement well within the 2 − 3 hr cadence of the current synoptic program. This program will allow implementation of tomography experimenting with different values for the cadence of the time-series of images used to feed reconstructions. Its cadence will also provide continuous opportunity to select images avoiding highly dynamic events, which compromise the accuracy of tomographic reconstructions.
Economic Evaluation of Neoadjuvant Versus Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Cancer Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Dongdong , Wang Na , Xu Rufu , Huang Guoqiong , Li Ying , Huang Chunji
Published: May 2022

Background: In the absence of evidence on whether neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy is more beneficial for various tumor treatments, economic evaluation can assist medical decision-making. There is limited evidence on their cost-effectiveness and their prospective evaluation is less likely in the future. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis help compare these therapies from various perspectives.Methods: Various databases were searched for studies published from inception to 2021. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting guidelines and economic specific guidelines. The data were pooled using a random effects model when possible. Results: The retrieval identified 15 economic evaluation studies of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy in eight types of cancer. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is the dominant strategy for pancreatic, head and neck, rectal, prostate, and cervical cancers, and colorectal liver metastases. For ovarian cancer, neoadjuvant chemotherapy is cost-effective with a lower cost and higher or similar quality-adjusted life year. There were no significant differences between the therapies in cost and outcomes for lung cancer. For stage IV or high-risk patients with ovarian or prostate cancer, neoadjuvant chemotherapy was cost-effective but not for patients who were not high risk.Conclusion: The economic evaluation results of the included studies were inconsistent because of their different model structures, assumptions, cost inclusions, and a shortage of studies. The proportion of the high-risk study population, such as stage IV, age ≥ 70 years, and comorbidity was consistent in some types of cancer.
Assessment of Factors Affecting Performance of Agribusiness Enterprises in Somaliland
Authors: John Samuel Otieno
Published: May 2022

In Sub-Saharan Africa, the agricultural sector remains to be the mainstay of the economies. The establishment of agribusiness opportunities offers widespread benefits in terms of food. This study aimed to examine the social, economic, technological, and environmental factors behind the deterioration of the agribusiness sector in Somaliland. The study administered semi-structured questionnaires to 96 respondents in the Gabiley district. The Linear regression results indicate that nine variables, namely; price fluctuation, prolonged drought spell, entrepreneurship training, access to extension services, capital, greenhouse technology, use of mobile money transfer, were statistically significant at 5%. However, four hypothesized variables; farm inputs, land size, education, and availability of farmers’ cooperative societies) were not statistically significant. The study recommends that Somaliland’s ministry of agriculture provide agricultural extension staff and capital to stimulate agribusiness development in the country.
Effects of Flipped Classroom Approach on Students Achievement in Government in Nsukka Education Zone
Authors: Ifeanyi Christopher Ibenegbu , Ugwu Kenneth
Published: May 2022

The study investigated the Effects of Flipped Classroom Approach on Students’ Achievement in Government in Nsukka Education Zone, Nigeria. The study employed a quasi-experimental 2 x 2 factorial research design. The sample consisted of 78 Senior Secondary School I (SSS I) students in two intact classes in two secondary schools in Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria. The instrument used for data collection was Government Achievement Test (GAT) designed to assess students’ achievement in Government. Three hypotheses were tested. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Hierarchical Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The results showed that there was a significant main effect for the approach for students’ achievement in government F(1,73) = 29.108, p = .000; there was a significant main effect for gender on students’ achievement in government F(1,73) = 32.427, p = .000 and there was a significant main effect for the approach gender on students’ achievement in government F(1,73) = 7.512, p = .008. The study recommended that Ministries of Education should ensure that curriculum planners should incorporate the use of flipped classrooms in teaching and learning government in secondary schools.
Predictive value of macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness in visual field defect of pituitary adenoma patients: a case-control study
Authors: Xiaoyan Peng , Xia Li
Published: May 2022

Objective
The present study explored the association between preoperative macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness (GCIPL) and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL) measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and the recovery of visual field (VF) defect after surgery in pituitary adenoma patients.
Methods
This case-control study included patients with pituitary adenoma in the Neurosurgery Department of Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital between October 2019 and June 2021. Cranial MRI examination, three-dimensional OCT, and VF testing (Humphrey Field Analyzer II750) were performed before and at 6months after the surgery.
Results
Fifty-three pituitary adenoma patients (81 eyes) were enrolled; 15 patients (23 eyes) were in the visual field did not recover group (VFNR), and 38 patients (58 eyes) were in the visual field recovered group (VFR). The temporal RNFL (P = 0.002) and average RNFL (P = 0.009) in the VFNR group were significantly lower than in the VFR group. The superior nasal GCIPL (P = 0.001), inferior nasal GCIPL (P = 0.001) and average GCIPL (P = 0.01) were significantly lower in the VFNR group than in the VFR group (all P < 0.01).The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that nasal inferior GCIPL was an independent risk factor for VF recovery (odds ratio (OR) = 1.376,95% confidence interval (CI):1.089-1,739,P = 0.007). In the received operating characteristics (ROC) analysis, the area under the ROC curve (AUROCs) was the highest for nasal inferior GCIPL (AUROC = 0.739).
Conclusion
In patients who underwent resection of pituitary adenoma, nasal inferior GCIPL was an independent risk factor of visual field defect recover after surgery.
Stability of highly inclined non-circular wellbores in isotropic formations
Authors: Oyedokun Oluwafemi , Schubert Jerome
Published: May 2022

The shear and tensile stabilities of highly inclined non-circular wellbores are investigated in this study. Using the equivalent-ellipse hypothesis, the non-circular geometry was approximated as an ellipse, and the corresponding stress concentration equations are presented. With the new set of stress concentration equations, a comprehensive study of the tensile and shear stabilities of an elliptical borehole was conducted, including the impact of well inclination and azimuthal angles, horizontal stress difference, degree of ellipticity, and orientation of the maximum horizontal stress to the major axis of the ellipse. Using five commonly used shear failure criteria, we observed that both Mohr-Coulomb and Drucker Prager (inscribed) failure criteria predicted higher collapse pressures, relative to the others including Drucker Prager (inscribed), Mogi-Coulomb, and Modified Lade. While Drucker Prager's (circumscribed) failure criterion underestimates the collapse pressure. Both the linear elastic and poroelastic models were used in investigating the fracture initiation orientation and pressure of highly inclined elliptical boreholes. The prediction from the poroelastic model is always less than the linear elastic model. In some instances, they predict different fracture initiation orientations. From this study, we observed that generally, a near-circular wellbore is more stable than elliptical borehole in both shear and tension. Nevertheless, there are some well inclination and azimuthal angles than can make an elliptical borehole have more shear and tensile stabilities than a near-circular wellbore.
Prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Birhanu Temare , Dukesa Tadesse , Tegene Elsah , Kabeta Teshome , Markos Yohannes
Published: May 2022

BackgroundPregnant women with underlying cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are at increased risk for adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes due to difficulty in tolerating the physiologic changes of pregnancy.Maternal CVDs are responsible for 10-15% of maternal death. Rheumatic heart disease is the commonest cardiac disease among pregnant women in developing countries. Despite all this, there is no adequate data on the overall prevalence of cardiovascular diseases among pregnant women in our setup as well as in Ethiopia.Objectives The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases among pregnant women who had antenatal care follow up at Jimma University Medical center from October 2021 to December 2021.MethodsAn institution based cross sectional study was conducted among pregnant women who had antenatal care follow up at Jimma University Medical Centre. We used systematic random sampling to get sample population. Data were collected by using structured questionnaire; sphygmomanometer, echocardiogram, and electrocardiogram. The data were then entered to Epi data and exported to SPSS Version 26 for statistical analysis. Descriptive data summarizations and presentations were done to find the prevalence of CVDs in the study population.ResultA total of 156 pregnant women were enrolled in this study. The overall prevalence of cardiovascular disease was 16.7%; of which 10.3% had hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and 6.4% had cardiac disease. Preeclampsia accounted for 6.4% followed by gestational hypertension (2.6%) and chronic hypertension (1.3%).Chronic rheumatic heart disease accounted for 3.2%.atrial septal aneurysm (1.9%) and hypertensive heart disease (1.3%). In those with rheumatic heart disease, mitral valve lesions were the prominent. T wave abnormalities were the most common electrocardiography finding.Most, 121(22.4%), of the study participants had at least one abnormal echocardiography finding and among them 64(41%) had abnormal valvular lesions. Among those with valvular lesions, 5 (3.2%) had chronic rheumatic heart disease whereas 59(37.8%) had physiologic valvular lesions.ConclusionThe prevalence of cardiovascular diseases among third trimester pregnant women was high in our setup. So screening all pregnant women with electrocardiography and echocardiography is important.
The Association between Self-reported Osteoporosis and Chinese Medicine-Constitution Questionnaire – A Cross-Sectional Taiwan Biobank Study
Authors: Yang Hsien-Hui , Chen Chih-Sheng , Lo Hsin-Yi , Ho Chien-Yi , Kao Chia-Hung , Ho Tin-Yun , Yang Tse-Yen
Published: May 2022

Background
Constitutional medicine was as an example of earlier medicine evidence of Chinese Medicine (CM). CM-Constitutional Questionnaire (CM-CQ) commonly considered as the observed various phenotypes as phenome. However, the comprehensive associations between self-reported disease outcomes and questionnaires of CM-CQ remained uncertain. Taiwan Biobank has begun the collection of these cancer-free volunteers, aged 30–70 with these questionnaires, self-reported disease history, clinical examinations, and genetic information from 2012 as baseline enrollment.
Results
This community-, cross-sectional study was conducted by part of Taiwan Biobank and compared the associations among CM-CQ, which reflect these constitutional variables as individual markers. The present study conducted by using 1,998 volunteers (2 withdraw) from Taiwan Biobank. Which separately assessed the associations among 32 diseases and 44 items of CM-CQ questions using the binomial logistic regression model. There were 6 CM-CQ questions with a significant association of self-reported osteoporosis in all CM-CQ.
Conclusions
Interestingly, we found that these 6 CM-CQ questions shown a significant association with osteoporosis, even which adjusted with false discovery rate (adjusted p < 0.05). The Q1, Q22, and Q37 demonstrated with considerably adjusted p-value and the other CM-CQ, which involved in Q14, Q16, and Q21 shown borderline relation to self-reported osteoporosis, which was existed less residual effect with smoking and drinking habits. This study generated real-world evidence of national biobank for clarified associations between clinical symptom and self-reported diseases. The exploration of self-reported disease-related CM-CQ for further companion diagnostic indicators via comprehensive community-based Taiwan Biobank study should be a possibility.
Evaluating the ecological hypothesis: Early life salivary microbiome assembly predicts dental caries in a longitudinal case-control study
Authors: Blostein Freida , Bhaumik Deesha , Davis Elyse , Salzman Elizabeth , Shedden Kerby , Duhaime Melissa , Bakulski Kelly M. , McNeil Daniel W. , Marazita Mary L. , Foxman Betsy
Published: May 2022

Background
Early childhood caries (ECC) – dental caries (cavities) occurring in primary teeth up to age 6-years - is a prevalent childhood oral disease with a microbial etiology. Streptococcus mutans was previously considered a primary cause, but recent research promotes the ecologic hypothesis, in which a dysbiosis in the oral microbial community leads to caries. In this incident density sampled case control study of 189 children followed from 2-months to 5-years, we use the salivary bacteriome to 1) prospectively test the ecological hypothesis of ECC in salivary bacteriome communities and 2) identify co-occurring salivary bacterial communities predicting future ECC.
Results
Supervised classification of future ECC case status using salivary samples from age 12-months using bacteriome-wide data (AUC-ROC 0.78 95% CI: (0.71–0.85)) predicts future ECC status before S. mutans can be detected. Dirichlet multinomial community state typing and co-occurrence network analysis identified similar robust and replicable groups of co-occurring taxa. Mean relative abundance of a Haemophilus parainfluenzae/Neisseria/Fusobacterium periodonticum group was lower in future ECC cases (0.14) than controls (0.23, P value < 0.001) in pre-incident visits, positively correlated with saliva pH (Pearson rho = 0.31, P value < 0.01) and reduced in individuals who had acquired S. mutans by the next study visit (0.12) versus those who did not (0.19, P value < 0.01). In a subset of whole genome shotgun sequenced samples, case plaque had higher abundances of antibiotic production and resistance gene orthologs, including a major facilitator superfamily multidrug resistance transporter (MFS DHA2 family PBH value = 1.9*10− 28), lantibiotic transport system permease protein (PBH value = 6.0*10− 6) and bacitracin synthase I (PBH value = 5.6*10− 6). The oxidative phosphorylation KEGG pathway was enriched in case plaque (PBH value = 1.2*10− 8), while the ABC transporter pathway was depleted (PBH value = 3.6*10− 3).
Conclusions
Early-life bacterial interactions predisposed children to ECC, supporting a time-dependent interpretation of the ecological hypothesis. Bacterial communities which assemble before 12-months of age can promote or inhibit an ecological succession to S. mutans dominance and cariogenesis. Intragenera competitions and intergenera cooperation between oral taxa may shape the emergence of these communities, providing points for preventive interventions.
Comparison of Volatile Compounds between Wild and Cultivated Roses
Authors: Feng Dedang , Jian Hongying , Zhang Hao , Qiu Xianqin , Wang Zhenzhen , Du Wenwen , Xie Limei , Wang Qigang , Zhou Ningning , Wang Huichun , Tang Kaixue , Yan Huijun
Published: May 2022

Rose (Rosa L.) is an economically important ornamental genus that has been cultivated for its scent for the perfume industry since antiquity. However, most modern roses have lost their fragrance during the later stages of the breeding process. Here, 59 species of Rosa, including 24 wild Rosa species, 20 Chinese old garden roses, and 15 modern roses, were examined by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Fifty-three volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including terpenoids, benzenoids/phenylpropanoids, and fatty acid derivatives, were detected with qualitative and quantitative analyses. Thirteen common components, including geraniol, citronellol, 2-phenylethanol, 3,5-dimethoxytoluene, 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene, germacrene D, and cis-3-hexenyl acetate, were found. Furthermore, different wild species or cultivars showed different characteristic compounds. 3,5-Dimethoxytoluene and 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene were the main compounds in Rosa odorata and Rosa chinensis, which are the original parents of modern roses. 2-Phenylethanol, citronellol, and geraniol were the main aromatic compounds in Rosa damascene and Rosa centifolia. Methyl salicylate, eugenol, methyl eugenol, and benzyl acetate were lost during domestication and breeding of wild Rosa species to Chinese old garden roses and then to modern cultivars. Geranyl acetate, neryl acetate, and dihydro-β-ionol were gained during this time and showed higher amounts across the rose breeding process. Natural and breeding selection may have caused volatile compound gains and losses. These findings provide a platform for mining scent-related genes and for breeding improved ornamental plants with enhanced flower characteristics to develop new essential oil–producing plants.
Micropropagation of Hermaphrodite Papayas: Increased Root Induction and Plant Survival during Acclimatization
Authors: Fitch Maureen M. M. , Ancheta Mary Joy , Huynh Luyen C. , He Xiaoling , Ortega Marjorie A. , Fields Hideko K. , Murakami Carol M. , Shaw Josienellie R. , Lopez Jeremiah-James
Published: May 2022

In Hawaii, the commercial papaya industry is based on cultivars that segregate as females or hermaphrodites. Multiple seedlings are planted and then thinned at flowering to single hermaphrodites at each site. The aim of this study was to increase propagation efficiency by improving our procedure for micropropagation of hermaphrodite plants only. Initially, shoots were multiplied in vented jars on M2 medium, a Murashige and Skoog formulation containing 0.25 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.1 μM α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). At weekly intervals, micropropagated shoots were either incubated for 4 to 7 days in IBA2 medium containing 20 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or were dipped in autoclaved rooting powder containing 0.8% IBA (DIP); then, they were placed in M2 until root initials or small roots were visible. After root induction in both treatments, plants were transferred to an in vitro medium containing ½ MSO and 30 g⋅L−1 sucrose in vermiculite (VER). The IBA2 treatment produced 467 potted plants compared to 475 produced by the DIP treatment; however, the average number of days that each treatment required from root induction to potting of rooted plants was not significantly different (IBA2: 52.42 ± 5.65 days; DIP: 51.94 ± 3.61 days). Plants from both treatments were grown in either wet potting medium (500 mL water/300 g potting medium) or damp potting medium (120 mL water/300 g potting medium) to test the effect of moisture content on plant survival and growth after potting. Use of damp rather than wet potting medium resulted in significantly higher plant survival and growth. These results could facilitate more efficient commercial practice for papaya growers.
The Garden as Art, Hobby, and the Good Life
Authors: Norwood F. Bailey
Published: May 2022

Gardening is a popular practice despite the abundant and affordable food at the grocery store, suggesting gardening is more than just a way to obtain food. The purpose of this article is to explore these other motivations. Evolutionary and pragmatic motivations are first explored, and then discarded, in favor of a values-driven approach. Gardening is depicted as both a form of art and a hobby. As an art form, the writings of iconic philosophers such as Immanuel Kant, Arthur Schopenhauer, and Martin Heidegger—as well as modern philosophers—are used to articulate the meaning of gardening as an aesthetic experience. As a hobby, gardening is a socially approved form of leisure and productive play. The conclusion is that, in addition to obvious physiological benefits such as food and exercise, gardening helps us acquire higher needs, such as self-actualization and transcendence. Why do we garden? No simple answer can suffice. Gardening, like many interests, is performed both for an end product and for the process itself. Gardeners can hardly be expected to be able to articulate their reasons, just as sports fans would have difficulty articulating why they watch football, or music lovers explaining why songs mesmerize them. When pressed, their answers will be mostly a tautology (e.g., I simply like it). However, this does not mean we cannot make progress in understanding the motivations for gardening. Gardening is a form of exercise, it is a hobby, and is performed for aesthetic pleasure, and research on motivations for all three of these exist—especially that regarding aesthetics.
Analysis of possible markers of effective antitumor cellular immune response before starting therapy with immune check-point inhibitors
Authors: Malkova A. M. , Orlova R. V. , Zhukova N. V. , Gubal A. R. , Sharoiko V. V.
Published: May 2022

The aim of the study. to analyse possible markers of an effective antitumor cellular immune response.

Material and methods. using the keywords «checkpoint inhibitors, immunotherapy, t-lymphocytes, exhausted t-lymphocytes, anti-tumor immune response», review and original articles (n=34) published from 2005 to 2020 in the Pubmed, Web Of Science, Elsevier databases were selected.

Results. the study revealed possible markers reflecting a high activity of an adaptive immune response based on effective recognition of tumor antigens through MHC molecules, a sufficient number of T-lymphocytes and a predominance of T-cytotoxic cells, as well as a low level of expression of inhibitory receptors and small molecules. the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the HLA-I and HLA-II genes encoding MHC-I and MHC-II proteins, respectively, a high level of lymphocytes, among which the most important is the predominance of CD8+ t cells and a low level of T-regulatory cells (T-reg), as well as the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes encoding FcγR receptors of T-lymphocytes showed their predictive significance. the diagnostic significance of determining the expression of inhibitory receptors for T-lymphocytes (TIM3, LAG3, TIGIT), especially in combination with the determination of PD-1 expression, was also revealed.

Conclusion. the results obtained may be relevant for applying new methods for the assessment of the functional activity of the T-cell immune response before starting therapy with checkpoint inhibitors, as well as for the development of new diagnostic panels, which may be of interest to employees of clinical diagnostic laboratories and research centers.
Rare case of primary hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the lung
Authors: Toneev E. A. , Martynov A. A. , Lazarevsky M. M. , Pikin O. V.
Published: May 2022

Hepatoid adenocarcinoma is a rare type of adenocarcinoma with hepatocellular differention, which is characterized by early metastatic spread and poor prognosis. The treatment strategy in not clearly defined due to an extreme rarity of the tumor. Surgery is the most effective tool as a part of multimodality concept. So far, only 51 cases have been described in the literature, and only one in Russia.

Clinical case description.We report a case of metastatic hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the lung in a 54-year-old male patient. The difficulties in morphologic differential diagnosis between adenocarcinoma of the lung and primary liver cancer were described. The strategy for managing patients with hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the lung was demonstrated.

Conclusion.Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the lung is a rare tumor with unfavourable outcome.
Comparative analysis of tumor control gene and microRNA expression profiles in tumor and adjacent tissues in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Sluzhev M. I. , Zaraisky M. I. , Semiglazov V. V. , Semiglazova T. Yu. , Tkachenko E. V. , Kondratev S. V. , Brish N. A. , Alekseeva Yu. V. , Petrik Iu. V. , Sidorova A. N.
Published: May 2022

Background. Various tumor control genes and microRNAs (miRNa) play an important role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). the expression of these genes can differ significantly in tumor and adjacent healthy tissues. there is no exact data at what distance from the tumor the adjacent healthy tissue is located in terms of gene expression.

The aim of the investigation was to study the tumor control genes (E2F3, TGFB, NFKB, KLF-12, EGFR and MMP9), as well as the microRNA genes (microRNA-15, -16, -21 and -210) expression profiles in tumor and adjacent healthy tissues.

Material and methods. the study included 19 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer. the tumor control genes (E2F3, TGFB, NFKB, KLF-12, EGFR and MMP9), as well as the miRNA genes (miRNA-15, -16, -21 and -210) expression levels were investigated in tumor and adjacent normal tissue samples taken during colonoscopy.

Results. a decrease in the level of expression of E2F3 (median 3,73, Q1-Q3 2,64 Reu vs. median 6.5, Q1-Q3 6,39 REU, p=0,01) and miRNA-16 (median 2,83, Q1-Q3 4,74 REU vs. median 4,29, Q1-Q3 3,73 REU, p=0,027) and an increase in the expression level of miRNA-21 (median 2,64, Q1-Q3 1,38 REU vs. median 1,41, Q1-Q3 1,21 REU, p<0,001) were found in tumor tissue compared to normal tissue of patients with CRC.

Conclusion. significant differences in the E2F3, miRNA-16 and miRNA-21 gene expressions were revealed. an increased level of E2F3 and miRNA-16 expressions at a distance of 1–2 cm from the tumor may be a predictor of tumor recurrence and progression, and an increased miRNA-21 expression in tumor tissue as compared to adjacent tissue may be a negative prognostic factor. this information can be used in further clinical research.
Safety and benefits of early oral nutrition as part of the fast-track program among patients who have undergone gastrectomy for stomach cancer
Authors: Pavlov R. V. , Timofeeva K. O. , Chernykh M. A. , Danilin V. N.
Published: May 2022

Over the past decade, stomach cancer continues to be one of the most common diseases in the world. Currently, the methods of conservative and surgical treatment of this disease are fairly standardized. However, the issue of postoperative management of patients, including the timing of the start of oral nutrition after surgery still remains debatable. In addition, modern methods of treatment are based on the use of protocols for enhanced recovery after surgery, the safety of which remains controversial and requires discussion.

Study object was to explore the safety and benefits of early oral nutrition among patients who have undergone gastrectomy for stomach cancer.

Material and methods. The authors present their own experience of nutritional support for patients who underwent gastrectomy. The study included 82 patients with locally advanced stomach cancer who received surgical treatment at the n.i. Pirogov clinic of high medical technologies in the period from 2016 to 2019.

Results. The safety and positive effect of the use of early oral feeding was proved. It was associated with shorter first exhaust time (2.8 ± 1.0 days vs 3.9 ± 1.2 days, p=0.001), shorter postoperative length of stay in the hospital (5.4 ± 1.5 days vs 9.5 ± 2.3 days; p=0.001), as well as a more dynamic recovery of laboratory parameters.

Conclusion. Early per oral nutrition after gastrectomy can reduce the length of hospital stay without increasing the incidence of concomitant complications, which indicates its safety, expediency and potential benefit for patients with gastric cancer.
Comparison of Direct Pressure versus Electrocauterization of Liver Bed for Bleeding Control in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Mukhtar Zain , Masood Hafiz Muhammad Umar , Akbar Ali , Gondal Khalid Masud , Afzal Ameer , Naveed Muhammad
Published: May 2022

Background: Gallstones are very common worldwide with a prevalence of 6% in men and 29% in women of all ages. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard treatment for gallbladder diseases associated with frequent complication of haemorrhage. Applying direct pressure or electrocauterization can be used for securing hemostasis and pain control. Objective: To compare hemostatic control by direct pressure versus electrocauterization while dissecting the gall bladder from liver bed during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in terms of intra-operative bleeding, Post-operative bleeding and pain. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted at Surgical Unit of Mayo Hospital Lahore. Total 200 patients were enrolled, in 100 patients haemorrhage from liver bed was controlled by applying direct pressure with the help of gauze for 5 minutes (Group A) and remaining 100 patients (Group B) it was controlled by electrocauterization. Intra-operative bleeding. post-operative bleeding, and post-operative pain scores were recorded and all patients were discharged after 24 hours of close monitoring. Results: The mean age of cases in A Group and B group was 40.38 ± 12.30 and 42.15 ± 10.40 years res-pectively. Intraoperative bleeding was secured in 85 (85%) patients in Group-A and in 96(96%) patients in Group-B. Group-B treatment was more effective than Group-A treatment for bleeding (p-value= 0.008). Mean pain score of patients at 12th hour was 4.76 in group A and 5.55 in Group B. It was 3.09 in group A and 3.60 in group B at 24th hour postoperatively with p-value of 0.0001. Conclusion: Electrocauterization is a better technique for hemostasis of liver bed in comparison with direct pressure during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Surgical Outcomes of External Dacryocystorhinostomy Under Local Anaesthesia in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Iqbal Usama , Ali Farhan , Malik Irfan Qayyum , Zahoor Sarmad , Waqas Hafiz Abdul Rehman
Published: May 2022

Objective: This study was designed to conclude the success rate of external dacryocystorhinostomy surgery, patient concerns about surgical scar mark and their satisfaction with the appearance of surgical scar. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted at Department of Ophthalmology, Gujranwala Medical College/ Teaching Hospital. Total 74 operated cases of DCR surgery under local anaesthesia in two year period (2018-19) were included. Mean follow-up was up to 11 months. Surgical success was defined as resolution of complaint of epiphora. Surgical failure was defined as blockage of lacrimal pathway on syringing. Patient concerns about surgical scar mark and their satisfaction with the appearance of surgical scar was also assessed by telephonic interview. Results: Out of 74 patients 61 (82.43%) were female and 13 (17.56%) were male. Mean age of patients was 39.49 ± 14.26 years.10 patients had epiphora at the end of follow-up. Majority of failed cases presented at 3 month. Lacrimal syringing on 1 week follow-up was effective to clear any debris or blood clot. The success rate (86.49%) calculated from those patients (n = 67) who completed the follow-up. 46 (68.65%) were not satisfied with the appearance of their surgical scar mark. Conclusion: External DCR performed in local anesthesia is a safe procedure with a success rate of above 85% at one year follow-up. Lacrimal pathway syringing, on follow-up after DCR surgery, can be effective to wash blood clot or debris. Majority of the patient do not find surgical scar mark cosmetically acceptable.
Correlation of C-Reactive Protein and Computed Tomography Severity Index in Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Irshad Abeer , Ahsan Muhammad Fahim , Khan Mumtaz Ahmed , Rasheed Isbah , Asif Muhammad
Published: May 2022

Background: Acute pancreatitis is the inflammatory disorder which can be mild or severe. Early diagnosis and proper assessment of the disease severity have a critical role in its treatment. Objective: Determine the correlation of C-reactive protein and computed tomography severity index in acute pancreatitis. Methods: This cross-sectional study took place at department of General surgery, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences hospital Islamabad (PIMS), from September 2019 to February 2020. Patients of age between 15-70 years, presenting with acute severe epigastrium pain spreading to back, diagnosed as acute pancreatitis by serum amylase of 1000 units or more and either gender were included. CT scan was performed within 24 hours following presentation using axial slices of dome in diaphragm up-to pelvis by IV contrast. Slice had 3 mm of thickness in pancreas region. Various parameters of pancreatic inflammatory response, ratio of pancreatic parenchymal necrosis and additional pancreatic complications are included in the updated CT severity index measured on CT, with various points given for each parameter. A score over 5 is rated as severe pancreatitis. A blood sample was taken from each patient for CRP level. A CRP level of >10 mg/L was considered as positive. All the information was recorded via self-prepared proforma. Data analysis was done by SPSS version 20. Results: Total 67 patients of acute pancreatitis were selected for this study. Out of them, 59.7% were males and remaining were females. Most common age group was 46-60 years 43.3%. According to the pancreatic grading most of the patients presented with grade C as 29.9% and grade B as 23.9%, followed by grade D 20.95, grade E14.9% and 10.45 were normal. According to the pancreatic necrosis majority of the cases 41.8% had < 30%. There was a strong positive correlation between CT severity index and CRP level, r-value 0.346. Conclusion: C reactive protein is a reliable and non-invasive diagnostic tool for acute pancreatitis and its severity, which showed strong positive correlation with CT severity index of acute pancreatitis.
Pregnancy Outcome in COVID-19 Suspected and COVID-19 Confirmed Women: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Chaudhary Saima , Nazir Sarwat , Shahbaz Fatima , Humayun Sara , Akhtar Naheed , Humayun Shamsa
Published: May 2022

Objective: To determine pregnancy outcome in COVID-19 suspected and confirmed women presenting to a tertiary care hospital. Methods: An analytical study comparing clinical outcome of confirmed COVID-19 with suspected COVID-19 pregnant women was carried out during three-month period from 1st July to 30th September 2020 at COVID-19 ward on pregnant women of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore. Information including clinical features, obstetrical outcome, ventilatory support and mortality was collected on a predesigned Proforma. The data were analyzed by using SPSS version 24. Qualitative data were expressed as frequency, percentages and chi-square, While quantitative variables as mean ± SD. Results: Eighty-three patients were enrolled, including 41 confirmed and 42 suspected COVID-19 cases. The mean age was 28.59 years +4.9. The mean gestational age on admission was 31.98 weeks. Obstetrical complications included miscarriage in 5 (11.6%) cases, preterm labor in 5 (11.6%), PPROM in 1 (2.3%) and IUD in 2 (4.7%) in COVID-19 suspect group. A total of 17/41 confirmed and 19/42 suspected COVID-19 were delivered during the study mostly through caesarean section. Supplemental oxygen, ICU admission, and invasive mechanical ventilation were more common in COVID-19 suspect group compared to confirmed COVID-19 group. There were 12(28.5%) mortalities in COVID-19 suspect group as compared to 2/41 (4.8%) in confirmed COVID-19 group. Conclusion: In patients having epidemiological exposure, clinical features of COVID and suggestive chest X-ray/CT chest findings even with negative COVID-19 PCR, high index of suspicion of COVID-19 must be mainstay to prevent delayed management and disease spread till the availability of more sensitive test.
Factors Affecting Health Care Seeking Behaviour among Newly Diagnosed HIV Cases in Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Authors: Rathore Mommana Ali , Rashid Zubaida , Khushk Imdad Ali , Rathore Muhammad Ali , Mashhadi Syed Fawad , Ramzan Nadia
Published: May 2022

Objective: To assess the factors affecting health care seeking behaviour among newly diagnosed Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) cases in Rawalpindi. Methods: An analytical cross sectional study was conducted among 30 newly diagnosed HIV patients in Armed forces institute of transfusion (AFIT) Rawalpindi from 1st Oct to 31 Dec 2019 (within last 3-12 months), after obtaining informed voluntary consent, employing a purposive sampling technique. Confirmed HIV cases belonging to all genders and above 18 years of age were asked to respond to a structured validated questionnaire to collect data. Data was entered and analysed in SPSS version 22. Mean and Standard deviation were calculated for continuous variables. Pearson’s correlation test was applied to find out the magnitude of relationship between the health care seeking behaviour scores and the factors affecting it. A p value of
Direitos da criança hospitalizada: percepção da equipe de enfermagem
Authors: Rosa Caroline Nino , Santos Ana Carla Petersen de Oliveira , Camargo Climene Laura de , Vargas Mara Ambrosina de Oliveira , Whitaker Maria Carolina Ortiz , Santos Denise Santana Silva dos , Araujo Cristina Nunes Vitor de
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: Apreender a percepção da equipe de enfermagem sobre os direitos da criança hospitalizada. Método: Estudo qualitativo exploratório com 13 profissionais de enfermagem em unidade pediátrica de um hospital universitário em Salvador-BA. A coleta de dados ocorreu em novembro de 2018, através de entrevista semi-estruturada. Foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo de Bardin. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: As categorias foram: cumprimento das obrigações legais; garantia do cuidado integral e humanizado; Implementação das ações relacionadas ao tratamento e segurança do paciente; desconhecimento dos direitos da criança hospitalizada. Conclusão: Os profissionais conhecem parcialmente ou desconhecem os direitos infantis, sendo necessário empenho para capacitação dos profissionais e gestores.
Acidentes de trabalho em uma maternidade pública de referência
Authors: Costa Maria Carolina Da Silva , Gouveia Márcia Teles de Oliveira , Nunes Açucena Barbosa , Moraes Hylda Mara Cruz de , Fernandes Márcia Astrês , Costa Jéssica Pereira
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: Analisar os acidentes de trabalho ocorridos em uma maternidade pública de referência para o nordeste brasileiro. Método: Estudo transversal realizado com dados de registros de 102 profissionais acidentados em uma maternidade pública de referência.  Realizou-se análise estatística descritiva e aplicou-se o teste exato de Fisher. Resultados: O estudo apontou maior prevalência anual de acidentes de trabalho no ano de 2017 (2,44%), com predominância do sexo feminino (75,5%) e trabalhadores com 1 a 5 anos de tempo de serviço (32%). A categoria profissional mais acometida foi a de Técnico (a) de Enfermagem (38,6%); sendo mãos/dedos como as partes do corpo mais afetadas (53,6%) e os perfuro cortantes como os agentes causadores mais mencionados (48,5%). Conclusão: Evidenciou-se a necessidade de maior investimento nas ações de educação permanente em relação à notificação e às medidas preventivas com vistas à diminuição da ocorrência dos agravos relacionados ao trabalho.
Netnografia e a pesquisa em Enfermagem em ambiente virtual: experiência com adolescentes no Facebook
Authors: Aragão Joyce Mazza Nunes , Gubert Fabiane Do Amaral , Vieira Neiva Francenely Cunha
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: relatar o uso da netnografia para pesquisa em enfermagem no Facebook com adolescentes escolares. Método: estudo qualitativo, netnográfico de observação participante, realizado em dois grupos da rede social Facebook, criados para a prática educativa em saúde de enfermagem junto a adolescentes. Resultados: O uso da netnografia possibilitou evidenciar a cibercultura no contexto da adolescência e como esta intervém no processo de ensino-aprendizagem online. As relações de ensino-aprendizagem em saúde mediadas pelo Facebook, consolidaram-se em rede de colaboração entre enfermeira e adolescentes. Considerações finais: A netnografia é uma técnica com potencial na pesquisa, especialmente na atualidade, todavia, é pouco referida na área da saúde e   Enfermagem. O estudo procurou contornar esse desafio do conhecimento, apresentando a abordagem da netnografia para pesquisa online com junto a adolescentes no Facebook, ampliando assim, essas possibilidades.
Violência sexual e adesão ao protocolo de atendimento de um hospital do sul do Brasil
Authors: Ribeiro Maria Gabrielle , Schuelter-Trevisol Fabiana
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: Descrever os casos de violência sexual, identificar as características sociodemográficas das vítimas e da agressão, verificar a adesão à quimioprofilaxia e a realização de coletas sorológicas de um Hospital Geral do Sul do Brasil, durante o período de janeiro de 2007 a dezembro de 2017. Métodos: Delineamento de coorte histórica em que foram analisadas as fichas de notificação compulsória e dados do prontuário, entre janeiro de 2007 a dezembro 2017. Resultados: No período, 118 pessoas procuraram atendimento hospitalar por violência sexual. A mediana de idade das vítimas foi de 14 (IIQ 12,25), variando de 1 a 78 anos. Houve predomínio de notificações entre mulheres (84,7%), raça branca (83,9%), escolaridade de 0 a 8 anos de estudo (43,2%), solteira (63,6%). Identificou-se um caso reagente para sífilis, e somente 5,9% tiveram adesão ao seguimento proposto. Conclusão: A baixa adesão ao protocolo de atendimento aumenta os riscos à saúde e chance de sequelas pelo agravo, sendo necessária outras estratégias dos serviços para ações de continuidade das ações profiláticas e terapêuticas.
Os desafios da enfermagem na atenção integral a saúde dos povos indígenas
Authors: Maia Alini Silva , Nascimento Erivan Miranda do , Carvalho Tatiane Panágio de , Sousa Cleidimara Gonçalves de
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: Analisar os desafios enfrentados pelos profissionais de enfermagem na atenção à saúde dos povos indígenas do Distrito Sanitário Especial Indígena Rio Tapajós. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo de cunho quanti-qualitativo submetido à técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Identificou-se a prevalência de indivíduos do sexo feminino e com a faixa etária de 31 a 35 anos (60%). Constatou-se que 60% dos entrevistados trabalham entre 6 a 10 anos no DSEI Rio Tapajós. Discussões: Dentre as dificuldades da saúde indígena, a localização das aldeias e a barreira linguística são fatores de preocupação para os enfermeiros, assim como a alta rotatividade de profissionais e a falta de capacitações durante a formação acadêmica para atuação em contexto intercultural. Conclusão: Constatou-se que diante de todos os desafios, a Enfermagem é um componente chave na prestação de cuidados direcionados às populações indígenas.Descritores: Saúde de Populações Indígenas; População Indígena; Atenção à Saúde
Diagnóstico de enfermagem em pacientes com infarto do miocárdio: estudo longitudinal
Authors: De Almeida Bianca Cristina , De Oliveira Daniel Braga , Raponi Maria Beatriz Guimarães , De Almeida Neto Omar Pereira , Magnabosco Patrícia , Figueiredo Valéria Nasser
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: Identificar o diagnóstico de enfermagem prioritário no paciente pós-infarto do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST. Métodos: Estudo observacional, longitudinal, prospectivo, realizado com 54 pacientes de ambos os sexos, admitidos na fase aguda do infarto durante os primeiros cinco dias pós-infarto (D1 a D5), em um hospital de ensino. Amostragem foi não probabilística. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se um instrumento estruturado a partir do modelo teórico conceitual das Necessidades Humanas Básicas. Empregaram-se análises descritivas e bivariadas. Resultados: O diagnóstico de enfermagem de maior incidência no D1 pós-infarto foi Debito cardíaco diminuído, seguido por padrão respiratório ineficaz e dor aguda. O diagnóstico de enfermagem Débito Cardíaco Diminuído foi associado aos indivíduos não brancos (p<0,05). Conclusão: Observou-se a prevalência do diagnóstico de enfermagem prioritário de débito cardíaco diminuído nos cinco primeiros dias pós-infarto.