bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Zossima Principle as an ideal for media ecology praxis
Authors: Liss Barry D.
Published: May 2021

This article develops the Zossima Principle as an ideal for the study of media ecology praxis. As such, I suggest that the Zossima Principle holds the potential to inform what we study as media ecologists and how we engage the world with practical responses to the exigencies and social issues arising from our analyses. I set the Zossima Principle in dialectical tension with Morris Berman’s (, ) articulation of the monastic option. I argue that Berman’s monastic option does not maintain the potential for substantive cultural rejuvenation. The Zossima Principle, based on the exhortations of Dostoyevsky’s elder monk from the novel The Brothers Karamazov, embraces a philosophy of existentialized love. This article demonstrates striking parallels between the ideas developed in the Zossima Principle and the writings of Lewis Mumford. I conclude with a series of pragmatic steps we can take as media ecologists, if we allow ourselves to take seriously the arguments underscoring this ideal.
Solace in sound: Glenn Gould’s electronic solitude
Authors: Hicks Steven
Published: May 2021

Inspired by Marshall McLuhan, pianist Glenn Gould dedicated his career to polemics against the concert hall tradition. Through radio/television broadcasts, written works and contentious recorded catalogue, Gould advocated adoption of the new electric media environment of the mid-twentieth century, challenging musical traditions of centuries past. Gould also used telephonic technology to mediate contact with the outside world. Gould has been acknowledged by such authors as Paul Théberge as putting into practice the ideas of Marshall McLuhan. In this study, I follow Robert Logan’s work in media ecology and general systems and investigate Gould’s polemics through systems theory. In particular, I employ Niklas Luhmann’s theory of social systems, offering a model of society through which we may observe the effects of electric technology via the notion of functional de-differentiation of social systems as discussed by authors such as Erkki Sevänen. I suggest that Gould’s polemics are not just commentary on musical tradition but the media environments in which those traditions arose and show how we too can find solace in sound.
Antimicrobial sensitivity of Avibacterium paragallinarum isolates from layers in the special region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Fauziah Ima , Asmara Widya , Wahyuni Agnesia Endang Tri Hastuti
Published: May 2021

Background and Aim: Infectious coryza (IC) is an upper respiratory disease of chicken caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum. Its clinical symptoms are swollen face and malodorous sinus exudate. This study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial sensitivity of A. paragallinarum isolates from layers in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: The samples used in this study were 30 layers that showed IC symptoms. The colony and cell morphology were observed with Gram staining; then, biochemical tests (catalase, oxidase, urease, indole, and motility tests, and carbohydrate fermentation tests using lactose, maltose, mannitol, and sorbitol) were performed to the suspected colony to identify A. paragallinarum. An antibiotic sensitivity test was performed using several antibiotic disks against A. paragallinarum isolates that were cultured on Mueller-Hinton Agar. Results: Out of 30 samples, 24 samples (80%) were found positive for A. paragallinarum. All isolates were sensitive to ampicillin (AMP) and amoxicillin (AML) (100%), and chloramphenicol (C) (91.6%). The antibiotics with intermediate sensitivity were enrofloxacin (79.2%), fosfomycin (75%), and ciprofloxacin (54.2%). The isolates were most resistant to erythromycin (100%), followed by tetracycline (87.5%), streptomycin (83.3%), doxycycline and kanamycin (70.8%), and trimethoprim (62.5%). Conclusion: Out of the total samples, 24 samples (80%) from layers with IC symptoms were identified biochemically as A. paragallinarum. It was sensitive to AMP, AML, and C.
THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON STUDENTS BEHAVIOUR DURING ONLINE LEARNING AT PELANGI KASIH ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN JAKARTAv
Authors: Meriana Tju , Angelius Domes Angelius , - Yanna , Sihotang Hotmaulina
Published: May 2021

This study aims to determine the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on students’ behaviour during online learning. This research was conducted at Pelangi Kasih Elementary School, Jakarta. Respondents were grade 6 students,  total of 102 respondents, consisting of 53 girls and 49 boys. The study used is quantitative and exploratory method with an descriptive analisys. The results showed that students behaviours are able to be formed successfully during online learning when teachers and parents communicate authentically more often and work together more cooperatively, and the high unfulfilled needs of interaction among students can affect their psychosocial issues.
YÜKSELEN POPÜLİZM TEHDİDİ: YİRMİ BİRİNCİ YÜZYILDA FAŞİZMİN GÖLGESİ
Authors: DONDURAN Can , GEDİK Ahmet
Published: May 2021

Günümüzde faşizmin gölgesi, başta Avrupa olmak üzere farklı bölgelerde hızla yayılmakta olan popülist hareketler aracılığıyla gittikçe belirginleşmektedir. Bu makale, birleştirilmiş karşılaştırma ile desteklenen bağlamsal siyasi analiz yöntemiyle günümüz popülizmi ile faşist ataları arasındaki ortaklıkları ortaya koyarak, insanlığın karşı karşıya olduğu tehlikeyi vurgulamayı amaçlamaktadır. Ekonomik sorunlar, toplumsal memnuniyetsizlik ve umutsuzluk gibi çevresel koşullar faşist ve popülist rejimlerin farklı zamanlarda içerisine doğdukları çevrelerdeki benzerliklere işaret ederken, elitizm karşıtlığı, çoğunlukçuluk, revizyonizm ve demokrasi karşıtlığı gibi eğilimler, bu yönetimlerin genel uygulama ve yöntemlerindeki ortaklıkları vurgular, bu hareketler arasındaki doğrudan bağı tarihsel bir düzleme yerleştirir. Popülist yönetimlerin güçlenerek çoğalmasıyla yaklaşan iki boyutlu tehlikeyi analiz edebilmek de ancak geçmişteki faşist öncüllerinin ulusal ve uluslararası ölçekte yarattığı derin etkileri incelemekle mümkündür. Karşılaştırmalı bir perspektiften gerçekleştirilen bu çalışma, bugün liberal demokrasinin ve liberal uluslararası sistemin yüz yüze geldiği tehdidi, geçmişte karşılaşılan olay ve olgular üzerinden incelemektedir. Yirmi birinci yüzyılda faşizm, aşırı sağ eğilimlerden beslenen popülizm kılığında tekrar dünyaya gelmiştir ve yüz yıl önceki hedeflerine aynı kararlılıkla saldırmaya devam etmektedir. Bu gerçeğin gözden kaçması, aynı hataların tekrarlanması anlamına gelecek ve benzer sonuçların doğmasına yol açacaktır.
Effect of Chemical Components of Asphalt Binders on Fatigue Resistance of Binder and Asphalt Mixtures in High Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Mixtures
Authors: Daryaee Daryoosh , Vamegh Mostafa
Published: May 2021

In this paper, correlations between the chemical components and fatigue parameters of the binder blends containing reclaimed asphalt binder (RAB) were evaluated. Fatigue resistance of RAB-containing binder blends were evaluated by dynamic shear rheometer and linear amplitude sweep tests. Chemical components of asphalt binders were determined by saturate, aromatic, resin, and asphaltene fractionation test. Furthermore, four-point beam fatigue test was utilized for evaluating the fatigue resistance of asphalt mixtures containing reclaimed asphalt pavement. Based on the obtained results, strong correlations between chemical parameters of the binder and fatigue life of asphalt binders and mixtures were established.
La technologie au service de la formation pratique : la captation vidéo de manipulations et d’interventions chirurgicales dans le cadre d’une technique en santé animale
Authors: St-Pierre Émilie , Deschenes Valérie , Duranleau Josée
Published: May 2021

La pandémie de la COVID-19 a forcé la fermeture de nombreux établissements scolaires (OCDE, 2020). Alors que l’enseignement à distance a permis la continuité des apprentissages académiques, il en a été autrement pour la continuité des enseignements pratiques (OCDE, 2020). Cet article présente le point de vue d’une conseillère pédagogique et d’une enseignante en technique en santé animale du cégep de Saint-Félicien relativement à l’utilisation d’un système de captation vidéo pour le maintien des apprentissages pratiques à distance. L’article situe d’abord le contexte ayant mené à l’installation dudit système avant d’aborder l’utilité de celui-ci dans le cadre de l’enseignement pratique
The Fate of the Charismatic Leader’s Consort
Authors: Palmer Susan J.
Published: May 2021

“Charisma” is essentially a relationship of great emotional intensity between a charismatic leader and the disciples, as depicted by sociologist Max Weber. This study focuses on a charismatic leader’s powerful influence on his close companion through an examination of the life of Ma Yoga Vivek, the lover, head medium, and caretaker of Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh/Osho. Her role in the charisma-building processes that shaped Rajneesh’s career, and the divagations of her own spiritual status, buffeted by competing factions in Rajneesh’s inner circle, is analyzed within the framework of recent elaborations of Weberian charisma theory and studies of the dynamics of “proximal authority” and “haptic logics” (sacred touch) in the charismatic relationships involving women devotees in new religious movements. It is argued that Vivek’s peculiar passive and reflected type of charisma was dependent upon her propinquity to, and physical intimacy with Rajneesh, and this dynamic explains the dramatic rise and decline of her spiritual status and social influence within the “charismatic aristocracy” that surrounded Rajneesh/Osho.
Women’s Leadership in New Religions and the Question of Gender Equality in Post-Communist Lithuania
Authors: Ališauskienė Milda
Published: May 2021

This article discusses features of women’s religious leadership, social innovations, and transmission of existing gender relations patterns within diverse new religions in post-communist society in Lithuania. The article is based on participant observation in Pagan and Hindu-origin religious groups and interviews with women leaders of these groups. The narratives of women leading Pagan and Hindu religious groups in Lithuania reflected their agency, features of their leadership, and the basis for the construction of their religious authority. Research data showed that the women interviewed took leadership of their respective religious groups after gaining professional experience in their careers. Their agency was not permeated by feminist ideas, but instead the importance of men in their life choices was emphasized throughout their narratives. The three case studies indicate that female religious leadership in these new religions follows the tendency toward a return to patriarchal values in post-communist society in Lithuania, rather than moving towards an ideal of gender equality.
Colloidal Cu2ZnSnS4-based and Ag-doped Nanocrystals: Synthesis and Raman Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Dzhagan V. , Kapush O. , Budzulyak S. , Mazur N. , Gavryliuk E. , Litvinchuk A. , Kondratenko S. , Yukhymchuk V. , Valakh M.
Published: May 2021

Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is one of the promising materials for absorber layers of new-generation thin film solar cells. Various synthetic routes of materials preparation and structural characterization have been explored so far. Further tuning of the CZTS properties is realized via partial substitution of the cations. Here we have used an affordable and scalable method of synthesizing colloidal CZTS nanocrystals (NC) in an aqueous solution. Variation of the synthesis parameters, in particular pH of the solution, was employed to improve the crystallinity of the NCs. Furthermore, CZTS NCs with partial substitution of Cu for Ag were also successfully synthesized. Raman spectroscopy was employed as a prime tool of structural characterization of the NCs obtained, along with optical absorption spectroscopy and ab initio DFT lattice dynamics calculations. An experimentally observed slight upward shift of the main phonon Raman peak upon increase of the Ag content in (AgxCu1-x)2ZnSnS4 NCs is in agreement with the trend predicted by DFT calculation. No pure Ag2ZnSnS4 NCs could be formed, indicating a critical role of Cu in forming the kesterite structure NCs under given synthesis conditions in an aqueous medium.
Evaluation of temperature-based solar radiation models and their impact on penman-monteith reference evapotranspiration in a semiarid climate
Authors: Djaman Koffi
Published: May 2021

Solar radiation is one of the most important climatic parameters that is involved in different environmental, hydrological, agricultural applications while not always measured at all weather stations due to the high equipment and maintenance cost. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance and accuracy of twenty temperature based solar radiation models at five weather stations (Alcalde, Fabian Garcia, Farmington, Leyendecker and Tucumcari) in New Mexico and to evaluate the impact of solar radiation prediction on the Penman-Monteith grass reference evapotranspiration (ETo) for the global period of 2009-2017. New constants of each model at each weather station were retrieved using the optimization procedure Solver in Excel that maximizes the Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE). The root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean bias error (MBE) and the Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NSE) were used for model performance evaluation. The results showed that the Hargreaves and Samani (1982), improved by Allen 1995, Bristow-Campbell (1984), Hunt et al. (1998), Fan et al. (2018), Hassan et al. (2016), Samani (2000); Nage et al. (2018) 2 and the Richardson et al (2018) models were the most accurate and the best performing ones across all five research sites. The EL-Sabaii, Ert Yal and Clemence models showed the poorest performance at all five stations. The evaluation of the impact of the predicted solar radiation on the Penman-Monteith ETo showed that predicted solar radiation had non-significant effect of the daily ETo with a regression slope varying from 0.978 to 1.022, RMSE from 0.24 to 0.48 mm/day, MAE from 0.15 to 0.31 mm/day and MBE from -0.03 to 0.09 mm/day. All solar radiation models showed best performance at Farmington and Tucumcari while they registered the poorest performance at Alcalde. The Student T-test revealed non-significant differences between the daily ETo using the measured solar radiation data set and the predicted solar radiation by each of the twenty solar radiation models at each weather station. The new models developed in this study could be used to estimate daily solar radiation across the semiarid environment of New Mexico for satisfactory estimation of ETo.
Comparison between prediction models and monitored data on leachate generation from a sanitary landfill in the metropolitan region of rio de janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Gaudie Ley Michelle Bellas Romariz , Cardoso Junior Ricardo Abranches Felix , de Mendonça Henrique Vieira , Nascentes Alexandre Lioi , Batista da Silva Leonardo Duarte
Published: May 2021

Estimating leachate generation during a landfill lifespan is a key issue in reducing its potential risk. Hence, a useful tool is represented by empirical and computational models. In order to ratify the applicability of the Swiss Method, most applied tool in Brazil, and the Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP), most utilized in USA, the present article carried out a case study in the São Gonçalo Waste Treatment Center (CTR-SG), located in a humid subtropical climate. Firstly, climate data were collected with Brazil’s National Institute of Meteorology, and landfill structural and operational data were assembled with the company responsible for CTR-SG’ management, Foxx-Haztec, from 2014 to 2018. Subsequently, simulations were conducted on both tools, which indicated that: Swiss Method and HELP do not consider relevant variables for leachate prediction, such as: waste composition and moisture content, organic matter decomposition and dumping methods; thus, these techniques results vary mainly according to annual precipitation, landfill surface area and, for HELP, covering layer thickness. In addition, it was verified that the models forecasted approximately half of the actual volume of generated leachate. In this bias, despite the requirement of few and generally known parameters, these are not reliable tools for assertive prediction. Furthermore, it was found that the Swiss Method employs an imprecise variable, the compaction coefficient, which made pertinent the proposal of a new coefficient, suitable to tropical regions, which should be validated in other landfill scenarios.
Corona virus (CoVid19) genome: genomic and biochemical analysis revealed its possible synthetic origin
Authors: Mohanta Tapan Kumar
Published: May 2021

The Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) corona virus 2 SARS-CoV-2 mediated epidemic is a global pandemic. It has evolved as a curse to the human civilization and at the present situation, where most of the cities in the world are on lockdown. The first genome sequence data of SARS-CoV-2 (CoVid19) and their reports that followed concluded that it was a member of the genus Betacoronavirus and has a bat reservoir. To understand its origin and evolution, we conducted a deep comparative study by comparing the genomes of bat SARS CoV and other SARS CoVs (including human SARS CoV of German isolate). Results revealed that CoVid19 genomes from isolates of China, India, Italy, Nepal, and the United States of America has sequence similarity of 79-80% only with the bat SARS CoV and it has sequence similarity of approximately 60% with the human SARS CoV of German isolate. Whereas, the sequence similarity within the CoVid19 genomes of these countries was 99-100%. If the SARS CoV infection happened to human through the SARS CoV of bat origin, it should have sequence similarity of more than 99% which was absent in this case. Phylogenetic analysis revealed, bat SARS CoV did not fall with the group of SARS CoV of China, India, Italy, Nepal, and USA isolates. The genome analysis revealed the presence of multiple microsatellite repeats sequences. Proteome analysis revealed, the melting temperature (Tm) of surface glycoprotein was less than 55oC, suggesting the steam treatment can be an ideal preventative measure to destabilize the CoVid19, and thus it’s spreading
Fungi consortia in situ biodegradation of xenobiotic, military shooting range, Kachia, Kaduna, Nigeria
Authors: A Otaiku Ayodele , Alhaji AI
Published: May 2021

A major limitation of the white-rot fungus is its sensitivity during biodegradation of mixed matrix explosive pollutants and the scale of Kachia military shooting since 1967, Nigeria. The amplified 16S rRNA gene of each microbial isolate was processed for sequencing and characterization with Gene Bank database. Fungal species heavy metal reduction in increasing order of Aspergillus niger > Trametes versicolor > Rhizopus spp > Phanorochate chrysoporium > Penicillium spp were identified. The total explosive contents shows a significant difference for all locations in both dry and wet seasons (P<0.05) using Anova test. Microbial fungi consortium (MFC) bioremediate heavy metal significantly at 61.7% relative to isolated fungi species because of the lateral gene transfer/co-metabolism, where Trametes versicolor and Aspergillus niger act as gene mediators. MFC growth in 1% mineral salt medium munitions was significance than fungal species isolate. Deploying Myco Bio-augmentation / Phytoremediation/Biosimulation (Myco B-P-B) techniques to optimize the RDX and HMX characterized by a higher Nitrogen/Carbon ratio since fungi lack the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene to utilize carbon source directly. Pollutants bio-stimulation will enhances co-metabolism by MFC. Plant detoxification capabilities can be improved using fungi genes laccases and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase expressed effectively in plants using protoplast fusion
A split body trial comparing dilute bleach vs. dilute apple cider vinegar compresses for atopic dermatitis in Chicago: a pilot study
Authors: Lio Peter A
Published: May 2021

Topical therapies such as dilute bleach and acetic acid are widely used to treat atopic dermatitis, though research regarding their efficacy and mechanism of action is lacking. The objective of this single-blinded, pilot study of eleven patients was to compare clinical and antibacterial benefits of bleach and apple cider vinegar compresses when locally applied to eczematous skin. While both solutions demonstrated comparable clinical benefit, as measured by improvement in local Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) scores, both similarly lacked efficacy with respect to decreasing the burden of Staphylococcus aureus on eczematous lesions. These results suggest that while bleach or ACV may be effective treatments for AD, the mechanism of either solution is likely not due to antibacterial properties.
Photosensitivity and hyperpigmentation secondary to amiodarone: single case report
Authors: Moreira Amorim Gustavo
Published: May 2021

We report and emblematic case of a 65years-old male patient with cutaneous photosensitivity and progressive hyperpigmentation of photo exposed skin after continuous use of amiodarone to treat an atrial fibrillation developed along with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Relevant literature was consulted and is discussed together with the findings of the case.
Ocular manifestations of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Memar Omeed
Published: May 2021

Purpose: A review of the published literature on the history, pathogenesis, and treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) and its ocular involvement. Methods: Literature searches were conducted in MEDLINE (Ovid) and Google scholar for AD and ocular AD. Results: AD is an inflammatory dermatosis that has classic presentations on the skin at different age points. The primary immunological profile is a Th2 profile, releasing an abundance of IL4 and IL10 both systemically and locally. AD can involve the eye and have devastating consequences. Here we review the latest understanding of AD pathogenesis and treatments vis-à-vis the ocular surface. Conclusion: Ocular AD is a common manifestation of AD. The newest drugs for systemic AD might be deleterious for ocular AD.
Activation of mas restores hyperoxia-induced loss of lung epithelial barrier function through inhibition of apoptosis
Authors: Abdul-Hafez Amal , Mohamed Tarek , Uhal Bruce D
Published: May 2021

Background: Neonatal therapy with a high concentration of oxygen (hyperoxia) is a known cause of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). BPD is characterized by increased pulmonary permeability and diffuse infiltration of various inflammatory cells. Disruption of the epithelial barrier may lead to altered pulmonary permeability and airways fluid accumulation. Mas receptor is a component of the renin angiotensin system and is the receptor for the protective endogenous peptide angiotensin 1-7. The activation of the Mas receptor was previously shown to have protective pulmonary responses. However, the effect of Mas receptor activation on epithelial barrier integrity has not been tested. Objective: To determine the effects of hyperoxia with or without Mas receptor activation on epithelial cell barrier integrity. Design/Methods: Human epithelial cell line A549 was cultured on transwell polycarbonate porous membrane to confluence and treated with 95% oxygen (hyperoxia) for 72 hours with or without the Mas receptor agonist (AVE0991), or the apoptotic inhibitors Z-VAD-FMK or aurintricarboxylic acid. The cells were then challenged with Rhodamine labeled bovine serum albumin (Rh-BSA) on one side of the membrane. Fluorescent quantitation of Rh-BSA (albumin flux) was performed on the media in the other side of the membrane 3 hours later and was compared with 21% oxygen (Normoxia) control group. A549 cells were also cultured with or without AVE0991 in hyperoxia or normoxia and used for nuclear fragmentation apoptosis assay using propidium iodide staining. Results: Hyperoxia induced an increase in albumin flux that was significantly prevented by AVE0991 treatment and by the apoptosis inhibitors. AVE0991 also significantly decreased the hyperoxia-induced nuclear fragmentation. Conclusion: These results suggest that hyperoxia causes a disruption in the epithelial barrier integrity, and that this disruption is inhibited by the Mas receptor agonist AVE0991 through inhibition of epithelial apoptosis. These results reveal a novel potential drug for BPD and pulmonary edema treatment.
Variability of lung function and respiratory muscles power in healthy and asthmatic subjects
Authors: Elbedri Abdalla Omer Abdalla , Musa Omer A
Published: May 2021

Airway function is one of the many biologic functions that exhibit circadian variability over 24-h periods. Studies of circadian variability of lung function in normal subjects as well as asthmatics are particularly scarce, and those of MEP and MIP are unknown. The aim of this study to determine circadian variation in lung function (FVC, FEV1 and PEFR) and respiratory muscle pressures(MEP and MIP) for measurement of respiratory muscle power at 6:00am (early morning),12:00midday, 6:00pm( evening) and 12:00 midnight in healthy subjects and in patients with mild asthma at 6:00am and 6:00pm , to elaborate on the possibility of using MEP and MIP variability as a new diagnostic test for asthma. This is a cross sectional study performed in Khartoum, the capital of Sudan during December 2010. Thirty healthy, symptoms free non smokers normal subjects aged 20-64 years selected randomly and 15 mild asthmatics, clinically free during the time of study aged 19-49 years were included in the study. There is significant drop in healthy subjects early in the morning compared to 6:00pm, the drop in FVC was 9.75%, in FEV1 was 8.79%, in PEFR was 8.44%, in MEP was 10.04%, and in MIP was 17.57%. There is also significant drop in asthmatics early in the morning in MEP and MIP (21.76%, 27.57% respectively), is comparable to FEV1 (22.56%) and PEFR (23.86%). The sensitivity and specificity of variability for MEP (53%, 77%) and MIP (60%, 63%) comparable to sensitivity and specificity of FEV1 variability (40%, 86%) and PEFR variability (46%, 73%). The obtained comparable results of MEP, MIP variability to FEV1, PEFR variability in normal and asthmatic subjects could imply that MEP & MIP can be used in assessing airway calibre as in asthma. The study concluded that MEP & MIP variability could be sensitive tests to confirm asthma diagnosis.
Determination of heavy metals in soil used for potato cultivation by atomic absorption spectroscopy in awi Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Metro Melaku , Adamu Fentahun , Kassie Banchalem
Published: May 2021

The study evaluates heavy metals in soil used for Potato cultivation by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy in awi Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. In this study, 75 soil samples from three agricultural areas, namely: Guaguasa Shikudad, Fagita Lecoma and Banja districts were collected and analyzed for Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The results obtained revealed that the mean heavy metal concentrations for Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, and Zn were 75.33–77.00mg/kg, 17.11–18.76mg/kg, 60.26-101.78mg/kg, 125.17-383.39mg/kg and 244.20—287.87mg/kg respectively. In general, the level of metals in soil collected from the sampling sites are found to be decreased in the order of: Cu>Zn>Ni>Pb>Cd. Soil analysis showed that the concentration of Cu, Cd and Ni higher than permissible levels there WHO/FAO thresholds for agricultural soils the soil is polluted by toxic heavy metals (Cu, Cd and Ni). Therefore, the soils studied were harmful for the cultivation of potatoes and other agricultural purposes.
Covid -19 during pregnancy, labour and postnatal: A review article
Authors: Alalfy Mahmoud , Elgazzar Ahmed , Azmy Osama , Hassan Ahmed
Published: May 2021

Objectives: The aim was to make a review on COVID-19 during pregnancy to help in establishment of management plans for pregnant women with corona virus and during labour and postnatal care of the neonates. Methods: Searches were made in PubMed to detect, recent studies regarding COVID–19 during pregnancy. Data were taken out from relevant manuscripts. Conclusion: In comparison to MERS and SARS, COVID-19 seems less lethal, as regard to the inadequate number of cases documented till now. A low-molecular-weight heparin should be given for pregnant women with COVID-19 to reduce the risk of thrombosis.
The importance of experience in using cervical pessary for prevention of preterm birth
Authors: Franca Marcelo Santucci , Hatanaka Alan Roberto , Moron Antonio Fernandes
Published: May 2021

Cervical pessary is a new treatment for preterm birth and have obtained a lot of space in clinical practice because its real efficacy, which unconsidered the bias produced by some research. There is a lack of evidence about cervical pessary in many aspects and only those who handle this device every day can note and call for attention. Experience is the central point about cervical pessary in this article, and important centers with training and expertise must be taken the front of this issue, because low experience probably is one of the causes of contradictory results in literature. In fact, we have a lot of aspects that need attention and never were treated because always the efficacy is questioned and do not open space for other important aspects. We have a lot of o issues to discuss during this article such as the indication of a cervical pessary, the needs of guidelines about pessary, including a learning curve of pessary treatment, the relevant aspects about insertion of the device, its association with other medications, needs for hospitalization, which is the best management for the vaginal discharge pessary related, how to handle the pelvic pain after insertion, the urinary symptoms, the obstipation, and the inhibition of preterm labor during pessary treatment, and finally, what are the relevant aspects about the withdrawal of cervical pessary?
The epidemiological determinants of prostate cancer: a retrospective analytical study
Authors: Jandou Issam
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The study of the epidemiological profile of cancers is one of the pillars of the population's health problems and their determinants. One of the objectives of this type of prospecting is to analyze the impact of behavioral, environmental and professional factors. Material and methods: This is a retrospective study conducted in our university hospital center, including 120 patients followed for prostate cancer over two years between January 2018 and December 2019. The choice of patients was subject to a number of criteria inclusion and exclusion. The quantitative and qualitative variables were described by their proportion and their percentage. Descriptive statistical analysis of the data was performed using SPSS 20 software. Results: In our study we objectified 42% of our patients had no specific history, 65.5% of our patients were smokers, 16% were alcoholics, 69.1% had red meat consumption deemed excessive. The prostate was hard on digital rectal examination in 39.62% of cases, unilateral nodular in 47% of cases, and normal in 13% of cases. We separated our patients into three groups according to the risk factors, group 1 without risk factors, group 2 with 1 risk factor, and group 3 with at least 2 risk factors, in the same way, we tried to establish a correlation with the presence or absence of metastases. Conclusion: Prostate cancer in its metastatic stage is very common in our context unlike in developed countries where screening can detect cancer at an early stage. The study of risk factors in our university center allowed us to identify the epidemiological profile of cancer in our hospital structure.
Salgına Üstkurmaca Bakış: Veba Geceleri
Authors: KESOVA Erke
Published: May 2021

Günümüz Türkiye’sinde üstkurmaca tekniğini kullanan yazarların başında gelen Orhan Pamuk’un 2021’de yayımlanan son romanı Veba Geceleri, 1901 yılında kurmaca Minger Adası’nda patlak veren bir veba salgınına koşut olarak imparatorlukların çöküp ulus devletlerin kurulduğu bir süreci anlatır. Hem Pamuk’un, romanın yazarını kurmaca bir karakter olan Mina Mingerli olarak belirlemesi ve romanın girişinde okuyacaklarımızın roman biçiminde yazılmış tarih olduğunu iddia etmesi hem de tarihte karşılığı olan figürlerle çok sayıda kurmaca unsuru iç içe geçirmesi sonucu tarihsel üstkurmaca olarak değerlendirilebilecek bir eser ortaya koyması, okurun kurmaca karakterlerin gerçek hayattaki karşılığını bulma yönünde heyecanını arttırabilecek olsa da son kertede eserin üstkurmaca yönü, okuru kurmacanın da kurmacasına götürdüğü için sonuç yine yaratılan dünyanın bir kurmacadan ibaret olduğu gerçeğine çıkacaktır.
Domestic violence and COVID-19: the twin pandemic
Authors: Bhartiya Shibal , Kumar Nishant
Published: May 2021

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate why women inhabitants of the urban slums in Mumbai, Maharashtra are apprehensive and non-supportive of a second lock down.Methods: Our questionnaire-based study (October 2020 to February 2021) demonstrated that fewer women supported a re-lockdown. Individual, unstructured, non-directive interviews were carried out to ascertain why women of the urban slum were opposed to lockdown. Median and range were calculated for continuous variables, while categorical variables were represented as frequency and percentages. P value <0.05 was statistically significant.Results: 189 women (53 who were opposed to the lockdown, and 136 who responded with “I don’t know” to the question “If COVID-19 cases rise authorities should lockdown the city”, who had previously agreed to be part of the questionnaire-based survey, were approached for an interview. A total of 68 women agreed to talk to our researchers. Of these, 47 were opposed to the lockdown, and 21 had responded with a “I don’t know”. Forty three out of 47 (91.5%), and 13 out of 21 women (61.9) revealed that the main reason for their opposition to the lockdown was domestic and intimate partner violence. The others cited the loss of wages as their primary reason (4 women, 8.5% and 8 women, 38.1%, respectively).Conclusions: While lockdowns have been shown to help control the pandemic, authorities in charge of health policy must remember the consequences of domestic violence on the physical and emotional health of women, and their children, when planning the next lockdown.
Panamericanismo y negocios binacionales. Transportes, carreteras y servicios turísticos (Estados Unidos de América y México 1920-1940)
Authors: Anaya Merchant Luis
Published: May 2021

Este trabajo explora la convergencia de intereses estatales y privados binacionales en la temprana construcción de carreteras mexicanas. Otro objetivo es comparar la evolución del autotransporte en Estados Unidos y México; el ejercicio se justifica porque aclara apoyos estadunidenses, por sus impactos y porque muestra cercanías diplomáticas de dos países con historias confrontadas. La cooperación se animó por el Panamericanismo y el New Deal porque crearon ambientes diplomáticamente favorables. Entre las industrias beneficiadas por las nuevas redes carreteras destacamos los servicios turísticos. El trabajo también registra obstáculos y costos históricos asociados con políticas erráticas. Las consecuencias de la competencia entre automotores y ferrocarriles en ambos países es otro objeto de comparación y estudio. Estados Unidos y México impulsaron campañas de propaganda favorables a atracciones turísticas mexicanas cuyo destino también se explora en el trabajo.
Lip repositioning, a solution for gummy smile
Authors: Haddadi Pardis , Zare Hadi , Azadikhah Ali
Published: May 2021

For many years oral esthetic problems treated by dentists were limited to those involving the teeth without giving consideration to the gingiva. However, today it is well established that these structures should be in balance to appear esthetically pleasing. More than 3mm gingival show during smiling is considered as ‘excessive gingival display’ also known as “gummy smile”, which is not attractive. The current case series, presents three patients with gummy smile managed by lip repositioning surgery, each with 1 year follow up. Our objective was to introduce lip repositioning as a successful treatment modality to decrease gingival show using a simple and conservative surgical approach.
The Costs of Burn Victim Hospital Care around the World: A Systematic Review
Authors: Escalante Saavedra Pamela Alejandra , De Oliveira Leal Jessica Vick , Areda Camila Alves , Galato Dayani
Published: May 2021

Background: Burn injuries are very common and fire-related burns account for over 300,000 deaths per year globally. The costs of the treatment of these patients change around the world. The aim of the present study was to conduct a systematic literature review to identify the costs related to hospital stays of burn victims in countries with different Human Development Index (HDIs).
Methods: PubMed, CINAHL and BVIS databases were searched using the following terms: “burn,” treatment” and “costs”. The review included articles that presented cost studies or economic assessments of burn victims in which the costs were reported, and published between 2012 and 2019. The quality of the evidence was assessed using the Consensus on Health Economic Criteria. This review presents register in Prospero (CRD42019137580).
Results: The review included 19 economic studies conducted in 13 countries, most with a very high HDIs. Most studies estimated direct acute burn care costs through bottom-up costing and institutional data. Total hospital care costs ranged from US$ 10.58 to US$ 125,597.86 per patient, the cost of 1% of total body surface area burned ranged from US$ 2.65 to US$ 11,245.04, and the cost of hospital care per day, from US$ 24.23 to US$ 4,125.50.
Conclusion: The costs are high and show wide discrepancies among countries. Medical costs and other losses caused by fatal and non-fatal burn injuries differ considerably among demographic groups, care protocols, and country HDIs.
Nurses’ Roles in Nursing Disaster Model: A Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Firouzkouhi Mohammadreza , Kako Mayumi , Abdollahimohammad Abdolghani , Balouchi Abbas , Farzi Jebraeil
Published: May 2021

Background: Nurses have a continuous presence and crucial role in response to disasters. During disasters, nurses apply specific knowledge and skills to minimize victims’ health and life-threatening risks. Nurses’ roles in crisis are not clearly stated in resources. Thus, this study aimed to explore nurses’ role in the nursing disaster model.
Methods: A scoping review was conducted using Joanna Briggs Institute framework. The review considered primary research and reviewed literature from following databases, including Web of Science, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, as well as the reference lists of articles identified for full-text review. Eligibility criteria were outlined as a priori to guide the literature selection.
Results: Eight of 60 eligible articles met the inclusion criteria. The studies were conducted in different countries with no limit of time of published articles. The publications’ design were three systematic reviews, one meta-synthesis, two qualitative types of research, one quasi-experimental, and one case study. The results showed nurses’ roles in the three stages before, during, and after the crisis.
Conclusion: This review provided a comprehensive understanding of the concept of the nursing role in the crisis, and nurses could be useful to save victims through preparing and implementing effective care at different stages of a crisis.
Comparison of the Effects of the Somatotype on the Physical Activity, Kinesiophobia, and Fatigue Levels of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Patients and Healthy Individuals
Authors: Toy Şeyma , Çiftçi Rukiye , Şenol Deniz , Kizilay Fatma , Ermiş Hilal
Published: May 2021

Background: We aimed to compare the physical activity, kinesiophobia, and fatigue levels of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients and healthy individuals in terms their somatotypes.
Methods: A total of 165 individuals were enrolled referred to the Department of Chest Diseases Sleep Disorders Center Outpatient Clinic of Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey in 2018. The somatotype analysis was conducted using the Heath-Carter method, the fatigue level was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) fatigue scale, the kinesiophobia level was assessed using the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), and the physical activity level was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).
Results: The results of the somatotype analysis revealed 3 different somatotypes in the healthy individuals and the OSAS patients’ mesomorph endomorph, endomorphic mesomorph, and mesomorphic endomorph. When comparing the somatotypes of the healthy individuals and the OSAS patients, statistically significant differences were found in the FACIT scores of the mesomorph endomorphs, the IPAQ and FACIT scores of the endomorphic mesomorphs, and the TSK and FACIT scores of the mesomorphic endomorphs (P<0.05).
Conclusion: In all three somatotypes of the OSAS patients, the fatigue index scores were higher when compared to those of the healthy individuals. Moreover, when compared with the healthy individuals, the physical activity levels of the endomorphic mesomorphs with OSAS were low, while the kinesiophobia scores of the mesomorphic endomorphs with OSAS were high. Based on the results of this study, in OSAS patients, the endomorphic mesomorph somatotype could be a risk factor for reduced physical activity, while the mesomorphic endomorph somatotype could be a risk factor for increased kinesiophobia.
The Effect of STEAM-Based Physical Education Classes on Middle School Students’ Attitudes toward Physical Education Classes and Self-Directed Learning Abilities
Authors: Lee Dae-Jung
Published: May 2021

Background: Efforts have often been made to improve physical education (PE) classes in response to rapidly changing societies. We applied science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics (STEAM) education to PE classes. The purpose was to examine the effect of STEAM-based PE lessons on self-directed learning abilities, a core competency of the 21st century, and on attitudes toward PE classes related to PE alienation and avoidance.
Methods: To achieve this purpose, six out of eight classes at a middle school in Jeollabuk-do province, Republic of Korea were selected in 2019. The experimental and control groups, consisting of 87 and 88 students, respectively, were chosen from among 238 first-grade students by utilizing convenience sampling. The experimental group attended PE classes based on STEAM for 14 weeks, whereas the control group attended traditionally teacher-centered PE classes. We used a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Statistical significance was set at P<0.05.
Results: The experimental group displayed significant differences in all the sub-factors of attitudes toward PE classes and all the sub-factors of self-directed learning abilities, compared to the control group (P<0.05). PE classes based on STEAM appear to have a positive effect on students' attitudes toward PE classes and their self-directed learning abilities.
Conclusion: PE is struggling to solve students' alienation and avoidance problems, despite numerous efforts. Thus, discussions have been conducted on how the STEAM philosophy can be implemented in the field of PE. Results suggest that efforts to combine STEAM education and PE are needed.
Relationship between P2XR4 Gene Variants and the Risk of Schizophrenia in South-East of Iran: A Preliminary Case-Control Study and in Silico Analysis
Authors: Heidari Nia Milad , Jafari Shahroudi Mahdieh , Saravani Ramin , Sargazi Saman , Moudi Mahdiyeh , Mojahed Azizollah
Published: May 2021

Background: Schizophrenia (SZN) is a heterogeneous disorder. Recently, the role of purinergic receptor’s signaling in mental disorders has implicated. There is no evidence regarding the association of P2XR4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the risk of behavioral disorders. Therefore, this preliminary study, we determined the association of rs1169727A/G and rs25644A/G variants located in P2XR4 gene with the risk of SZN.
Methods: This case-control study was performed on 150 SZN patient referring to Baharan Hospital, Zahedan (Eastern of Iran) in 2018. Genotyping was done by tetra-amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (Tetra ARMS-PCR). Different databases were used to determine the effects of the SNPs on the secondary structure of P2XR4 pre-mRNA and protein as well as binding of transcriptional regulators.
Results: The G allele of rs1169727 significantly increased the risk of SZN (OR=1.41, 95%CI=1.02-1.93, P=0.039), but there was no significant association was found between the other SNP and SZN. Moreover, GG model of rs1169727 (OR=2.46, 95%CI= 1.32-4.62, P=0.004) and rs25644 (OR=3.45, 95%CI= 1.12-5.10, P=0.013) increased the risk of SZN. The substitution of A and G alleles of rs1169727 significantly altered the secondary structure of pre-mRNA (P=0.1). In silico analysis revealed that rs25644A/G could act as an intronic cryptic donor site. Screening for flanking sequence of rs1169727A/G and rs25644A/G predicted a novel enhancer and silencer for both SNPs.
Conclusion: rs1169727A/G and rs25644A/G are linked to SZN susceptibility in a sample of the Iranian population. In-silico analysis indicated that rs25644 have substantial roles in determining the pre-mRNA and protein structure of P2XR4 gene.
Epidemiological Characteristics of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Outbreaks in Qingdao, 2009-2018
Authors: Jia Jing , Kong Fei , Xin Xueling , Liang Jiwei , Xin Hualei , Dong Liyan , Jiang Fachun
Published: May 2021

Background: In China, hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) outbreaks have become an important issue recent years. We analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD outbreaks in Qingdao during 2009- 2018, and provided evidences for prevention and control of the disease.
Methods: Data were analyzed by descriptive analysis and correlation analysis, and throat swabs were detected for enterovirus RNA using RT-PCR.
Results: Overall, 116 HFMD outbreaks were reported in Qingdao during 2009-2018, with the epidemic of the outbreaks exhibiting a decreasing tendency. The characteristics of outbreaks presented two patterns, including two-peak pattern and rural area to urban-rural fringe area to urban areas pattern. Male patients were predominant in these outbreaks. The location of the outbreaks changed from nursery to community. Non-EV71/CA16 enteroviruses were gradually becoming predominant enteroviruses serotypes. The durations of outbreaks were positively correlated with response times and the number of cases.
Conclusion: The epidemiological characteristics analysis of HFMD outbreaks could provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control the disease. Reporting and handling promptly are the keys to control epidemic outbreaks of HFMD.