bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robotic Pancreaticoduodenectomy: Increased Adoption and Improved Outcomes
Authors: Khachfe Hussein H. , Nassour Ibrahim , Hammad Abdulrahman Y. , Hodges Jacob C. , AlMasri Samer , Liu Hao , deSilva Anissa , Kraftician Jasmine , Lee Kenneth K. , Pitt Henry A. , Zureikat Amer H. , Paniccia Alessandro
Published: August 2022

Objective:

To compare the rate of postoperative 30-day complications between laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) and robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy (RPD).

Background:

Previous studies suggest that minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy (MI-PD)—either LPD or RPD—is noninferior to open pancreaticoduodenectomy in terms of operative outcomes. However, a direct comparison of the two minimally invasive approaches has not been rigorously performed.

Methods:

Patients who underwent MI-PD were abstracted from the 2014 to 2019 pancreas-targeted American College of Surgeons National Sample Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) dataset. Optimal outcome was defined as absence of postoperative mortality, serious complication, percutaneous drainage, reoperation, and prolonged length of stay (75th percentile, 11 days) with no readmission. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to compare optimal outcome of RPD and LPD.

Results:

A total of 1540 MI-PDs were identified between 2014 and 2019, of which 885 (57%) were RPD and 655 (43%) were LPD. The rate of RPD cases/year significantly increased from 2.4% to 8.4% (P=0.008) from 2014 to 2019, while LPD remained unchanged. Similarly, the rate of optimal outcome for RPD increased during the study period from 48.2% to 57.8% (P<0.001) but significantly decreased for LPD (53.5% to 44.9%,P<0.001). During 2018–2019, RPD outcomes surpassed LPD for any complication [odds ratio (OR)=0.58,P=0.004], serious complications (OR=0.61,P=0.011), and optimal outcome (OR=1.78,P=0.001).

Conclusions:

RPD adoption increased compared with LPD and was associated with decreased overall complications, serious complications, and increased optimal outcome compared with LPD in 2018–2019.
The impact of low-dose aspirin in the Brain Injury Guidelines on outcomes in traumatic brain injury: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Webb Andrew J. , Oetken Heath J. , Plott A. Joseph , Knapp Christopher , Munger Daniel N. , Gibson Erica , Schreiber Martin , Barton Cassie A.
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

Current Brain Injury Guidelines (BIG) characterize patients with intracranial hemorrhage taking antiplatelet or anticoagulant agents as BIG 3 (the most severe category) regardless of trauma severity. This study assessed the risk of in-hospital mortality or need for neurosurgery in patients taking low-dose aspirin who otherwise would be classified as BIG 1.

METHODS

This was a retrospective study at an academic level 1 trauma center. Patients were included if they were admitted with traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage and were evaluated by the BIG criteria. Exclusion criteria included indeterminate BIG status or patients with missing primary outcomes documentation. Patients were categorized as BIG 1, BIG 2, BIG 3, or BIG 1 on aspirin (patients with BIG 1 features taking low-dose aspirin). The primary endpoint was a composite of neurosurgical intervention and all-cause in-hospital mortality. Key secondary endpoints include rate of intracranial hemorrhage progression, and intensive care unit– and hospital-free days.

RESULTS

A total of 1,520 patients met the inclusion criteria. Median initial Glasgow Coma Scale was 14 (interquartile range [IQR], 12–15), Injury Severity Scale score was 17 (IQR, 10–25), and Abbreviated Injury Scale subscore head and neck (AISHead) was 3 (IQR, 3–4). The rate of the primary outcome for BIG 1, BIG 1 on aspirin, BIG 2, and BIG 3 was 1%, 2.2%, 1%, and 27%, respectively; the difference between BIG 1 on aspirin and BIG 3 was significant (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

Patients taking low-dose aspirin with otherwise BIG 1–grade injuries experienced mortality and required neurosurgery significantly less often than other patients categorized as BIG 3. Inclusion of low-dose aspirin in the BIG criteria should be reevaluated.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

Therapeutic/Care Management; Level IV.
Timing of venous thromboembolism chemoprophylaxis with major surgery of lower-extremity long bone fractures
Authors: Salottolo Kristin , Carrick Matthew , Nwafo Nnamdi , Madayag Robert , Tanner Allen , Corrigan Chad , Banton Kaysie , Bar-Or David
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

There is debate on the need to withhold chemical venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in patients requiring major orthopedic surgery. We hypothesized that the incidence of clinically significant hemorrhage (CSH) does not differ by the timing of prophylaxis in such patients.

METHODS

This was a multicenter, retrospective cohort study conducted at five US trauma centers that included trauma patients admitted between January 1, 2018, to March 1, 2020, requiring surgical fixation of the femoral shaft, hip, or tibia and received VTE chemoprophylaxis during the hospitalization. Exclusions were major and moderate head or spinal injuries, chronic anticoagulant use, or multiple long bone surgeries. Timing of VTE chemoprophylaxis was examined as four groups: (1) initiated preoperatively without interruption for surgery; (2) initiated preoperatively but held perioperatively; (3) initiated within 12 hours postoperatively; and (4) initiated >12 hours postoperatively. The primary outcome was incidence of CSH (%), defined as overt hemorrhage within 24 hours postoperative that was actionable. Multivariate logistic regression evaluated differences in CSH based on timing of VTE chemoprophylaxis.

RESULTS

There were 786 patients, and 65 (8.3%) developed a CSH within 24 hours postoperatively. Nineteen percent of patients received chemoprophylaxis preoperatively without interruption for surgery, 13% had preoperative initiation but dose(s) were held for surgery, 21% initiated within 12 hours postoperatively, and 47% initiated more than 12 hours postoperatively. The incidence and adjusted odds of CSH were similar across groups (11.3%, 9.1%, 7.1%, and 7.3% respectively; overall p = 0.60). The incidence of VTE was 0.9% and similar across groups (p = 0.47); however, six of seven VTEs occurred when chemoprophylaxis was delayed or interrupted.

CONCLUSION

This study suggests that early and uninterrupted VTE chemoprophylaxis is safe and effective in patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery for long bone fractures.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

Therapeutic/Care Management; Level IV.
Visual Pathway Involvement in NMDA Receptor Encephalitis: A Clinical, Optical Coherence Tomography, and 18-Fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT Approach
Authors: Kalaitzidis Grigorios , Filippatou Angeliki , Fioravante Nicholas , Rothman Alissa , Sotirchos Elias S. , Vasileiou Eleni , Ehrhardt Henrik , Quiroga Agustina , Pellegrini Nicole , Murphy Olwen C. , Moussa Hussein , Ladakis Dimitrios C. , Lambe Jeffrey , Fitzgerald Kathryn C. , Solnes Lilja , Venkatesan Arun , Calabresi Peter A. , Saidha Shiv , Probasco John C.
Published: August 2022

Background:

Anti-NMDA receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis patients have been reported to exhibit visual dysfunction without retinal thinning. The objective of our study was to examine the involvement of the visual pathway structure and function in anti-NMDAR encephalitis by assessing postrecovery visual function and retinal structure, and acute-phase occipital cortex function.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, patients diagnosed with anti-NMDAR encephalitis per consensus criteria underwent postrecovery visual acuity (VA) testing and optical coherence tomography (OCT) with automated retinal layer segmentation. Clinical data and acute-phase brain 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT (performed within 90 days of symptom onset, assessed qualitatively and semi-quantitatively) were retrospectively analyzed. VA and OCT measures were compared between anti-NMDAR and age, sex, and race-matched healthy controls (HC). When available, FDG-PET/CT metabolism patterns were analyzed for correlations with VA, and OCT measures.

Results:

A total of 16 anti-NMDAR (32 eyes) and 32 HC (64 eyes) were included in the study. Anti-NMDAR exhibited lower low-contrast VA (2.5% contrast: −4.4 letters [95% CI; −8.5 to −0.3]; P = 0.04, 1.25% contrast: −6.8 letters [95%CI; −12 to −1.7]; P = 0.01) compared with HC, but no differences were found on OCT-derived retinal layer thicknesses. Acute-phase FDG-PET/CT medial occipital cortex metabolism did not correlate with follow-up low-contrast VA or ganglion cell/inner plexiform layer thickness (GCIPL) (n = 7, 2.5% contrast: r = −0.31; P = 0.50, 1.25% contrast: r = −0.34; P = 0.45, GCIPL: r = −0.04; P = 0.94).

Conclusions:

Although the visual system seems to be involved in anti-NMDAR encephalitis, no retinal structural or occipital cortex functional abnormalities seem to be responsible for the visual dysfunction. When detected acutely, occipital lobe hypometabolism in anti-NMDAR encephalitis does not seem to associate with subsequent retrograde trans-synaptic degenerative phenomena, potentially reflecting reversible neuronal/synaptic dysfunction in the acute phase of the illness rather than neuronal degeneration.
JMM Profile: Avian paramyxovirus type-1 and Newcastle disease: a highly infectious vaccine-preventable viral disease of poultry with low zoonotic potential
Authors: Ross Craig S. , Mahmood Sahar , Skinner Paul , Mayers Jo , Reid Scott M. , Hansen Rowena D. E. , Banyard Ashley C.
Published: August 2022

Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious disease of poultry caused by virulent avian paramyxovirus-1 (APMV-1) (previously termed avian avulavirus-1 and avian orthoavulavirus-1). APMV-1 is endemic in poultry in many developing countries, whilst outbreaks still occur in developed countries, affecting both commercial and backyard flocks. ND outbreaks can have substantial economic consequences due to high mortality rates and the imposition of trade restrictions. APMV-1 nucleic acid can be detected from swabs or tissues of suspected cases by PCR. Evidence of infection or vaccination may be demonstrated by the presence of specific antibodies against HN in serum samples. No anti-viral treatments exist, but vaccines are available, although there are currently concerns over their efficacy.
Mucosal gene expression in response to SARS-CoV-2 is associated with early viral load
Authors: Rajagopala Seesandra V. , Strickland Britton A. , Pakala Suman B. , Kimura Kyle S. , Shilts Meghan H. , Rosas-Salazar Christian , Brown Hunter M. , Freeman Michael H. , Wessinger Bronson C. , Gupta Veerain , Phillips Elizabeth , Mallal Simon A. , Turner Justin H. , Das Suman R.
Published: August 2022

Little is known about the relationships between symptomatic early-time SARS-CoV-2 viral load and upper airway mucosal gene expression and immune response. To examine the association of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 early viral load with upper airway mucosal gene expression, we profiled the host mucosal transcriptome from nasopharyngeal swab samples from 68 adults with symptomatic, mild-to-moderate COVID-19. We measured SARS-CoV-2 viral load using qRT-PCR. We then examined the association of SARS-CoV-2 viral load with upper airway mucosal immune response. We detected SARS-CoV-2 in all samples and recovered >80% of the genome from 85% of the samples from symptomatic COVID-19 adults. The respiratory virome was dominated by SARS-CoV-2, with limited co-detection of common respiratory viruses i.e., only the human Rhinovirus (HRV) being identified in 6% of the samples. We observed a significant positive correlation between SARS-CoV-2 viral load and interferon signaling (OAS2, OAS3, IFIT1, UPS18, ISG15, ISG20, IFITM1, and OASL), chemokine signaling (CXCL10 and CXCL11), and adaptive immune system (IFITM1, CD300E, and SIGLEC1) genes in symptomatic, mild-to-moderate COVID-19 adults, when adjusted for age, sex and race. Interestingly, the expression levels of most of these genes plateaued at a CT value of ~25. Overall, our data shows that early nasal mucosal immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is viral load dependent, which potentially could modify COVID-19 outcomes.

AUTHOR SUMMARY

Several prior studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 viral load can predict the likelihood of disease spread and severity. A higher detectable SARS-CoV-2 plasma viral load was associated with worse respiratory disease severity. However, the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 viral load and airway mucosal gene expression and immune response remains elusive. We profiled the nasal mucosal transcriptome from nasal samples collected from adults infected with SARS-CoV-2 during Spring 2020 with mild-to-moderate symptoms using a comprehensive metatranscriptomics method. We observed a positive correlation between SARS-CoV-2 viral load with interferon signaling, chemokine signaling, and adaptive immune system in adults with COVID-19. Our data suggest that early nasal mucosal immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection was viral load-dependent and may modify COVID-19 outcomes.
A receptor-independent signaling pathway for BDNF
Authors: Fath Julia , Brouillard Franck , Cabaye Alexandre , Claverie Damien , Nuss Philippe , Poillerat Victoria , Chwetzoff Serge , Bouceba Tahar , Bouvier Elodie , Salameh Myriam , Molet Jenny , Padilla-Ferrer Aïda , Couvert Philippe , Acher Francine , Golinelli-Cohen Marie-Pierre , Chassaing Gérard , Trugnan Germain , Bernard Christophe , Benoliel Jean-Jacques , Becker Chrystel
Published: August 2022

In addition to its well-known receptor-mediated function in cell survival, differentiation and growth, we report that the extracellular brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) also controls the intracellular KEAP1-NRF2 cytoprotective system by a receptor-independent pathway. Extracellular BDNF can cross the cell membrane as it possesses a protein-translocation domain, also known as cell-penetrating peptide. This membrane crossing process is energy-independent, ruling out endocytosis and receptor-dependent mechanisms. Once in the cytosol, BDNF binds to KEAP1 with a nanomolar affinity, enabling nuclear translocation of NRF2 and transcription of NRF2-target genes. BDNF is thus a major regulator of NRF2 activation. A dysfunction of this BDNF-KEAP1-NRF2 pathway may be involved in most diseases where antioxidant and cytoprotective functions are altered. This novel form of communication, whereby a receptor ligand protein exerts a biological activity by crossing the cell membrane, opens new avenues for cell signaling.
Gene amplification mutations originate prior to selective stress in Acinetobacter baylyi
Authors: Herrmann Jennifer A. , Koprowska Agata , Winters Tesa J. , Villanueva Nancy , Nikityuk Victoria D. , Pek Feini , Reis Elizabeth M. , Dominguez Constancia Z. , Davis Daniel , McPherson Eric , Rocco Staci R. , Recendez Cynthia , Difuntorum Shyla M. , Faeth Kelly , Lopez Mario D. , Awwad Habeeba M. , Ghobashy Rola A. , Cappiello Lauren , Neidle Ellen L. , Quiñones-Soto Semarhy , Reams Andrew B.
Published: August 2022

The controversial theory of adaptive amplification states gene amplification mutations are induced by selective environments where they are enriched due to the stress caused by growth restriction on unadapted cells. We tested this theory with three independent assays using an Acinetobacter baylyi model system that exclusively selects for cat gene amplification mutants. Our results demonstrate all cat gene amplification mutant colonies arise through a multistep process. While the late steps occur during selection exposure, these mutants derive from low-level amplification mutant cells that form before growth-inhibiting selection is imposed. During selection, these partial mutants undergo multiple secondary steps generating higher amplification over several days to multiple weeks to eventually form visible high-copy amplification colonies. Based on these findings, amplification in this Acinetobacter system can be explained by a natural selection process that does not require a stress response. These findings have fundamental implications to understanding the role of growth-limiting selective environments on cancer development.
Debating accounting and sustainability: from incompatibility to rapprochement in the pursuit of corporate sustainability
Authors: Baker Max , Gray Rob , Schaltegger Stefan
Published: August 2022

Purpose

This article explores and contrasts the views of two influential research projects within the social and environmental accounting space. Both projects advocate for sustainability. The first here referred to as the Critical Social and Environmental Accounting Project (CSEAP), was developed and championed by Rob Gray and calls for immediate radical structural change. The second one is called the Pragmatic Sustainability Management Accounting Project (PSMAP), championed by Stefan Schaltegger, and advocates for an entrepreneurial process of creating radical solutions in joint stakeholder collaboration over time.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is the culmination of a decade-long debate between Gray and Schaltegger as advocates of CSEAP and PSMAP, respectively. Specifically, the paper explores the differences and agreements between CSEAP and PSMAP on whether and how companies should pursue sustainability and the role of accounting in these efforts. The paper focusses on critical issues that exemplify the tension in their views: general goals, the role of structure and agency and how to creating change and transformation.

Findings

The article contrasts CSEAP's uncompromising antagonising approach to accountability and fundamental systemic change with PSMAP's pragmatic approach to sustainability accounting with its management and entrepreneurship-orientated approach to change and unwavering support for transformative managers on the front lines. Despite their apparent differences, the paper also outlines areas of agreement between these two positions and how accounting and sustainability can move forward.

Research limitations/implications

The debate tries to reconcile language and conceptional differences in the social and environmental accounting (SEA) and sustainability management accounting (SMA) communities to reduce confusion in the research space over what sustainability is for organisations and what role accounting plays in this. The authors hope that the tension between the different positions outlined in this paper generates new insights and positions on the topic.

Practical implications

While the two views explored in this paper are primarily incompatible, each generates implications for practice, research and education. Debates like this are crucial to moving from discursive disagreement to creating a tolerant and robust foundation for moving forward and achieving much-needed sustainable transitions in the economy and society.

Originality/value

The authors offer shared understandings, points of continuing disagreement and alternative views on the nature of sustainability. The debate forges a bridge of understanding where both sides can learn from each other.
A forecast of Cava wine sales applied to vine planting authorizations
Authors: Teruel Mercedes , Soldevila-Lafon Victòria , Martin-Bofarull Mònica
Published: August 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to establish the determinants of production in the Spanish Designation of Origin (DO) area for Cava wine and forecasts sales to establish vineyard area variations that maintain market equilibrium.

Design/methodology/approach

By applying a vector autoregressive (VAR) model, the authors forecast demand and the consequent requirements for base wine production.

Findings

The results show that Cava sales determine the base wine supply. After forecasting demand and the consequent requirements for base wine, the authors’ results show that, to avoid oversupply, the vineyard area for Cava wine should not be increased.

Practical implications

The paper develops a simple and effective method for DOs affected by the current European wine plantation regulations to forecast from a supply and demand perspective and their surface needs in response to market changes.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature because, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no other study has investigated the determinants of Cava supply and demand or defines a model to assess the effects of changes in growing areas. The model is applicable to other European protected designations of origin wines and would help policymakers to accurately establish vine planting authorizations.
Which drugs of choice are on the rise or in decline? A trend analysis of Belgium’s treatment settings (2015-2019)
Authors: Antoine Jérôme , Hogge Michaël , De Donder Else , Verstuyf Geert , Plettinckx Els , Gremeaux Lies
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The opioid epidemic in the USA, the new psychoactive substances emerging on the market and the recent increase in cocaine treatment demands in Western Europe, all emphasise the importance of monitoring the use and harms of drugs over time. To be informed about new consumption patterns, this study aims to study the trends among people entering treatment for substance use in Belgium.

Design/methodology/approach

Belgian data from the Treatment Demand Indicator collected between 2015 and 2019 were used. A reference group of treatment units was selected to allow for comparisons between the different years. Trend analysis was performed by using a joinpoint regression among different regions and groups of clients.

Findings

The drugs of choice that were most frequently mentioned among the 23,000 analysed treatment episodes were alcohol and cannabis. Both remained relatively stable over time. Heroin seemed to be decreasing significantly at the national level, but increased in Brussels. Benzodiazepines decreased significantly in Flanders and Brussels, but not in Wallonia. On the other hand, reports of crack cocaine increased significantly in the three regions with a more pronounced trend in Wallonia and Brussels. Substances such as fentanyl, methamphetamine, ketamine or volatile inhalants have been mentioned significantly more by people entering treatment in 2019, although their contribution to the total number is still limited.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to evaluate trends for all drugs of choice at a national and regional level. These results might not only benefit national policymakers but also other countries with similar alcohol or drug use patterns.
Shedding light on the gender quota law debate: board members’ profiles before and after legally binding quotas in Portugal
Authors: Casaca Sara Falcão , Guedes Maria João , Marques Susana Ramalho , Paço Nuno
Published: August 2022

Purpose

This study aims to provide a comparative portrait of the profile of men and women in the boardrooms of listed companies (Euronext Lisbon, Portugal) during the first stage of the gender quota law, by comparing the profile of those board members appointed before the mandated quota law and those appointed after it. This study also seeks to contribute to a critical review of the main reservations expressed by some core institutional actors, who initially voiced their concern that it might be difficult to find women in equal conditions to men in terms of their cumulative experience and qualifications to serve as board members.

Design/methodology/approach

In addition to providing a comparative descriptive analysis of male and female board members’ profiles before and after the mandated gender quota law, an aggregate professional endowments measure (professional endowments Index) is also calculated.

Findings

The research findings show that, in the first stage of the quota law, men and women appointed as board members after the mandated gender quota law are fundamentally similar in their professional attributes, forming a more homogeneous boardroom than those holding board positions before it.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature on the profile of the men and women serving on the publicly listed company boards in Portugal, by comparing their profiles before and after the mandated gender quota law. This study also fills a gap in the literature, as studies about gender quotas and corporate boards relating to Portugal and Southern European countries in general are still relatively scant. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study carried out into the gender quota law on corporate boards in Portugal.
Stumble on information or misinformation? Examining the interplay of incidental news exposure, narcissism, and new media literacy in misinformation engagement
Authors: Xiao Xizhu , Su Yan
Published: August 2022

Purpose

In the current media landscape where misinformation circulation becomes a primary threat to public health and society's intellectual well-being, incidental news exposure's role in influencing misperceptions and misinformation engagement remains under-explored. Moreover, less is known regarding how and to what extent personal factors such as personality and media literacy may drive the sharing of misinformation.

Design/methodology/approach

Under the theoretical guidance of the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) model, the authors surveyed 546 college students aged 18 and above to explore the relationship between incidental news exposure and misinformation sharing.

Findings

Findings buttressed the hypothesized relationship built on the S-O-R model and revealed a path from incidental online news exposure to misinformation sharing, mediated by misperceptions. The mediated path was further moderated by narcissism and media literacy. Specifically, narcissists have higher misperceptions when they encounter online news more often; higher misperceptions in turn give rise to greater misinformation sharing behaviors. The ability to critically consume new media information only decreases misinformation sharing behavior for narcissists with lower misperceptions.

Originality/value

Guided by the S-O-R framework, this study takes the first step in examining the link between incidental news exposure and misinformation sharing and accounts for the moderating influences of personality and media literacy factors. Findings provide a theoretical foundation and practical implications for future interventions to combat misinformation.
The influence of price location on reference-price ads
Authors: Cheng Yin-Hui , Chuang Shih-Chieh , Lee Chao-Feng , Kao Chiao-Ying
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Research has shown that when the original and the sale prices were displayed in a horizontal direction, with the sale price to the right (“Original price of $349.99/Sale price $239.99”), consumers are more likely to initiate a subtraction task to calculate the amount of the discount; and this subtraction effect would lead to better consumer value perception than if the sale price was to the left. However, fewer scholars have questioned whether the subtraction effect would still operate if the reference-price ads line up in a vertical direction? The aim of this research is to understand how different formations of reference-price ads may affect consumers' price perception and buying intention. Interestingly, positive effects on buying intention and value perceptions disappeared when buyers were shown a dollars-saved cue, rather than the lineup of original and sale prices.

Design/methodology/approach

Three experiments were conducted to test the hypotheses.

Findings

The results of the experiments demonstrate that when the sale price is displayed above the original price, consumers' price perception and buying intention are higher than what is placed below it.

Research limitations/implications

When written horizontally, Mandarin and Japanese language text are almost always written left-to-right, with multiple rows progressing downward, as in standard English text. Notably, the right-to-left written form for Mandarin and Japanese language only happens by writing in a vertically and multiple-columned context. In particular, the format of reference-price ads in our research is considered to be a generally single column text only. Therefore, its writing system has almost no difference from the English one. However, our hypothesis does not apply to the Arabic world due to the right-to-left nature of the Arabic writing system.

Practical implications

Our results may inform consumers whether their cognition, which influences them not to make irrational decisions, is in turn influenced by sale price display location. Consumers should be reminded that next time they see the smaller number (sale price) they should not be too excited and forget to properly consider the original price. They should think more and consider the distance to the shop or the quality of the product before buying anything. If a product is sold in two different shops and the farther one displays the sale price above the original price but the nearer one displays the sale price below the original price, prolonging the decision time enables consumers to decrease their buying costs, such as the cost of fuel.

Originality/value

This is one of the first studies to discuss the influence of the price location in a vertical direction on price perception and buying intention.
Microbiome of pear psyllids: A tale about closely related species sharing their endosymbionts
Authors: Štarhová Serbina Liliya , Gajski Domagoj , Pafčo Barbora , Zurek Ludek , Malenovský Igor , Nováková Eva , Schuler Hannes , Dittmer Jessica
Published: August 2022

Psyllids are phloem‐feeding insects that can transmit plant pathogens such as phytoplasmas, intracellular bacteria causing numerous plant diseases worldwide. Their microbiomes are essential for insect physiology and may also influence the capacity of vectors to transmit pathogens. Using 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding, we compared the microbiomes of three sympatric psyllid species associated with pear trees in Central Europe. All three species are able to transmit ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri’, albeit with different efficiencies. Our results revealed potential relationships between insect biology and microbiome composition that varied during psyllid ontogeny and between generations in Cacopsylla pyri and C. pyricola, as well as between localities in C. pyri. In contrast, no variations related to psyllid life cycle and geography were detected in C. pyrisuga. In addition to the primary endosymbiont Carsonella ruddii, we detected another highly abundant endosymbiont (unclassified Enterobacteriaceae). C. pyri and C. pyricola shared the same taxon of Enterobacteriaceae which is related to endosymbionts harboured by other psyllid species from various families. In contrast, C. pyrisuga carried a different Enterobacteriaceae taxon related to the genus Sodalis. Our study provides new insights into host–symbiont interactions in psyllids and highlights the importance of host biology and geography in shaping microbiome structure.
Passive tolerance and productive uncertainties in food allergy immunotherapy biomedical practices
Authors: Nairn Stephanie A.
Published: August 2022

There has been little sociological research on food allergy in North America, despite the fact that it impacts a significant population in the US and Canada. Immunotherapy for food allergy is now a prominent area of investigation and experts argue it is one dimension of a ‘paradigm shift’ that encourages exposure to food allergens in contrast to avoidance of them. This article reports on an ethnographic investigation of immunotherapy for food allergy research and practice between the years 2015 and 2020. I report on analyses of N = 31 in‐depth interviews with spokespersons with different types of engagement in immunotherapy and over 100 h of ethnographic observations at clinical and scientific conferences. My research revealed the entangled ontologies of food and drug in immunotherapy and related uncertainties in the diagnoses of food allergy, which catalysed further uncertainty about who is receiving and who should receive immunotherapy (IT). Relatedly, there are uncertainties about the goals and/or outcomes of IT. I elaborate on previous sociological work about how uncertainty is valued in medicine and science. I argue shared uncertainties and mutual scepticism in IT co‐exist, representing a passive (productive) tolerance and reticently accepted form of tension in the domain, which have resulted in calls for intra‐professional and inter‐professional collaborations and the involvement of other stakeholders in knowledge making regarding food allergy immunotherapy.
An integrative bioinformatics pipeline shows that honeybee‐associated microbiomes are driven primarily by pollen composition
Authors: Chesters Douglas , Liu Xiuwei , Bell Karen L. , Orr Michael C. , Xie Tingting , Zhou Qingsong , Zhu Chaodong
Published: August 2022

The microbiomes associated with bee nests influence colony health through various mechanisms, although it is not yet clear how honeybee congeners differ in microbiome assembly processes, in particular the degrees to which floral visitations and the environment contribute to different aspects of diversity. We used DNA metabarcoding to sequence bacterial 16S rRNA from honey and stored pollen from nests of 4 honeybee species (Apis cerana, A. dorsata, A. florea, and A. laboriosa) sampled throughout Yunnan, China, a global biodiversity hotspot. We developed a computational pipeline integrating multiple databases for quantifying key facets of diversity, including compositional, taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional ones. Further, we assessed candidate drivers of observed microbiome dissimilarity, particularly differences in floral visitations, habitat disturbance, and other key environmental variables. Analyses revealed that microbiome alpha diversity was broadly equivalent across the study sites and between bee species, apart from functional diversity which was very low in nests of the reclusive A. laboriosa. Turnover in microbiome composition across Yunnan was driven predominantly by pollen composition. Human disturbance negatively impacted both compositional and phylogenetic alpha diversity of nest microbiomes, but did not correlate with microbial turnover. We herein make progress in understanding microbiome diversity associated with key pollinators in a biodiversity hotspot, and provide a model for the use of a comprehensive informatics framework in assessing pattern and drivers of diversity, which enables the inclusion of explanatory variables both subtly and fundamentally different and enables elucidation of emergent or unexpected drivers.
SCNIC: Sparse correlation network investigation for compositional data
Authors: Shaffer Michael , Thurimella Kumar , Sterrett John D. , Lozupone Catherine A.
Published: August 2022

Microbiome studies are often limited by a lack of statistical power due to small sample sizes and a large number of features. This problem is exacerbated in correlative studies of multi‐omic datasets. Statistical power can be increased by finding and summarizing modules of correlated observations, which is one dimensionality reduction method. Additionally, modules provide biological insight as correlated groups of microbes can have relationships among themselves. To address these challenges, we developed SCNIC: Sparse Cooccurrence Network Investigation for compositional data. SCNIC is open‐source software that can generate correlation networks and detect and summarize modules of highly correlated features. Modules can be formed using either the Louvain Modularity Maximization (LMM) algorithm or a Shared Minimum Distance algorithm (SMD) that we newly describe here and relate to LMM using simulated data. We applied SCNIC to two published datasets and we achieved increased statistical power and identified microbes that not only differed across groups, but also correlated strongly with each other, suggesting shared environmental drivers or cooperative relationships among them. SCNIC provides an easy way to generate correlation networks, identify modules of correlated features and summarize them for downstream statistical analysis. Although SCNIC was designed considering properties of microbiome data, such as compositionality and sparsity, it can be applied to a variety of data types including metabolomics data and used to integrate multiple data types. SCNIC allows for the identification of functional microbial relationships at scale while increasing statistical power through feature reduction.
A gut‐centric view of aging: Do intestinal epithelial cells contribute to age‐associated microbiota changes, inflammaging, and immunosenescence?
Authors: Hohman Leah S. , Osborne Lisa C.
Published: August 2022

Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) serve as both a physical and an antimicrobial barrier against the microbiota, as well as a conduit for signaling between the microbiota and systemic host immunity. As individuals age, the balance between these systems undergoes a myriad of changes due to age‐associated changes to the microbiota, IECs themselves, immunosenescence, and inflammaging. In this review, we discuss emerging data related to age‐associated loss of intestinal barrier integrity and posit that IEC dysfunction may play a central role in propagating age‐associated alterations in microbiota composition and immune homeostasis.
Proportion of suicides in Denmark attributable to bereavement by the suicide of a first‐degree relative or partner: Nested case–control study
Authors: Pitman Alexandra , McDonald Keltie , Logeswaran Yanakan , Lewis Gemma , Cerel Julie , Erlangsen Annette
Published: August 2022

Objective

To provide the first estimates of the risk of suicide after bereavement by the suicide of any first‐degree relative and the proportion of suicides in Denmark attributable to suicide bereavement.

Methods

We conducted a nationwide nested case–control study defining cases as all Danish‐born individuals who died by suicide in Denmark between 01 January 1980 and 31 December 2016 (n = 32,248), age‐matched to four living controls. Using three exposure categories (bereavement by the suicide of a relative [parent, offspring, sibling, and spouse/cohabitee]; non‐suicide bereavement; no bereavement) and conditional logistic regression adjusted for pre‐specified covariates we estimated the odds of exposure to suicide bereavement in cases versus controls. We tested whether associations differed for men and women, estimated the population attributable fraction (PAF) of suicides in our population at risk that could be attributed to a first‐degree relative's suicide loss, and estimated the attributable fraction among the exposed (AFe).

Results

Suicide bereavement was associated with an increased odds of suicide when compared with no bereavement (ORadj2 = 2.90, 95% CI: 2.46–3.40) or non‐suicide bereavement (ORadj2 = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.25–1.74). There was no evidence to support any interaction with sex. PAF (0.69%; 95% CI: 0.62%–0.77%) and AFe (60.12%; 95% CI: 53.19%–66.03%) estimates suggested that in Denmark 0.69% of suicides, and 60% of suicides among suicide‐bereaved relatives, could be prevented if it was possible to address all factors increasing suicide risk in suicide‐bereaved relatives.

Conclusion

Suicide bereavement in relatives and partners contributes to at least one in 145 suicides in Denmark.
Self‐transcendent emotions and their influence on organizational effectiveness: A literature review and synthesis
Authors: Tee Eugene Y.J. , binti Raja Reza Shah Raja Intan Arifah
Published: August 2022

Self‐transcendent emotions are positive emotions that arise out of other‐focused appraisals. These emotions shift attention from the self to the needs and concerns of others. Limited work, however, focuses on self‐transcendent emotions and the underlying cognitive and behavioural mechanisms by which they benefit organizations. We review the disparate streams of research on self‐transcendent emotions and detail the thought‐action repertoires of four self‐transcendent emotions (compassion, gratitude, inspiration, and awe), explaining how each contributes to effective organizational functioning. Central to achieving this aim is the broaden‐and‐build theory. We show how the four self‐transcendent emotions broaden cognitive processes and build the necessary resources leading to specific positive organizational outcomes. We conclude our review with four themes: (a) the importance of delineating levels of analysis in self‐transcendent emotion research, (b) acknowledging contextual and cross‐cultural differences shaping the experience of self‐transcendent emotions, (c) addressing measurement concerns, and (d) the examination of other self‐transcendent emotions. In effect, we synthesize the positive psychology and organizational behaviour literature, generating a framework that prompts theoretical and practical considerations for the role of self‐transcendent emotions in organizations.
Multiple‐ascending doses of ACT‐1014‐6470, an oral complement factor 5a receptor 1 (C5a1 receptor) antagonist: Tolerability, pharmacokinetics and target engagement
Authors: Anliker‐Ort Marion , Dingemanse Jasper , Farine Hervé , Groenen Peter , Kornberger Rüdiger , van den Anker John , Kaufmann Priska
Published: August 2022

Aims

Targeting the complement factor 5a receptor 1 (C5a1 receptor) offers potential to treat various autoimmune diseases. The C5a1 receptor antagonist ACT‐1014‐6470 was well tolerated in a single‐ascending dose study in healthy subjects. This double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled study aimed to investigate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and target engagement of multiple‐ascending doses of ACT‐1014‐6470.

Methods

Per dose level, 10 healthy male and female subjects of nonchildbearing potential (1:1 sex ratio) were enrolled to assess 30, 60 and 120 mg ACT‐1014‐6470 administered twice daily for 4.5 days under fed conditions. Adverse events, clinical laboratory data, vital signs, electrocardiogram and PK blood samples were collected up to 120 h post last dose and ex vivo stimulated matrix metalloproteinase 9 was quantified as target engagement biomarker. At the 60‐mg dose level, PK samples were collected until 8 weeks post last dose.

Results

The total adverse event number was 57 and no treatment‐related safety pattern was apparent. At steady state, ACT‐1014‐6470 reached maximum plasma concentrations after 2–3 h and the half‐life estimated up to Day 10 was 115–146 h across dose levels. Exposure parameters increased dose‐proportionally, steady state was attained between Day 3–5, and ACT‐1014‐6470 accumulated 2‐fold. At the 60‐mg dose level, ACT‐1014‐6470 was quantifiable until 8 weeks after the last dose. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 release was suppressed to endogenous background concentrations up to the last sampling time point, confirming sustained target engagement of ACT‐1014‐6470.

Conclusion

The compound was generally safe and well tolerated at all dose levels, warranting further clinical investigations.
Early signs of functioning and contextual factors in children 0 to 6 years of age at high risk of or with developmental coordination disorder: A scoping review
Authors: González López Anaïs , Crespo Madrid Vanesa , Hidalgo‐Robles Álvaro , Gutiérrez‐Ortega Mónica
Published: August 2022

Background

Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) can significantly impact body structures and functions, activities, participation and contextual factors. Using a scoping review methodology, we aimed to identify the characteristics or signs that can have an early impact on the development and functioning of children with DCD between 0 and 6 years.

Methods

We searched the Medline, Cochrane and PEDro databases. The screening of the 1580 articles obtained was conducted independently and in duplicate. From the included articles, among others, we extracted results that reported the early developmental characteristics of children at high risk or diagnosed with DCD, the components of the International Classification of Functioning (ICF) and the F‐Words studied in the results or the agents involved in the evaluation.

Results

Seventeen articles were included in the review. From them, a set of early signs of DCD—general and specific—were collected that reflected the existence of restrictions in daily life activities from an early age and in certain routines, such as eating, dressing, grooming or playing. The most studied components of the ICF were activities and participation, with functioning being the most studied F‐word.

Conclusions

Detection of activity limitations and restrictions in participation between 0 and 6 years in children with DCD is possible. Recognition of parental concerns and early assessment could facilitate the follow‐up of children at high risk for DCD and their inclusion in screening programs that include standardized tools for their diagnosis.
Is childhood oral health the ‘canary in the coal mine’ for poor adult general health? Findings from two New Zealand birth cohort studies
Authors: Ruiz Begoña , Broadbent Jonathan M. , Murray Thomson William , Ramrakha Sandhya , Boden Joseph , Horwood John , Poulton Richie
Published: August 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate whether childhood dental caries was associated with self‐reported general health in midlife.

Methods

We used data on childhood oral health (caries experience) and adult self‐reported general health from two New Zealand longitudinal birth cohorts, the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study (n = 922 and n = 931 at ages 5 and 45 years, respectively), and the Christchurch Health and Development Study (n = 1048 and n = 904 at ages 5 and 40 years, respectively). We used generalized estimating equations to examine associations between age‐5 dental caries and self‐rated general health and the number of self‐reported physical health conditions at ages 45/40 (diagnosed by a doctor or health professional, n = 14 conditions among both cohorts). Covariates included known risk factors for poor health (SES, IQ, perinatal complications), and personality style, which is known to affect subjective health ratings.

Results

Incidence rate ratios for ‘Excellent’ self‐rated health were lower among those who had high experience of dental caries as children than those who had not in both, the Dunedin (IRR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.50, 1.14) and Christchurch studies (IRR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.47, 1.00). Childhood dental caries was not associated with the number of self‐reported physical health conditions in midlife, in either cohort. Dunedin Study members who at age 5 were not caries‐free or whose parents rated their own or their child’s oral health as poor were less likely to report ‘Excellent’ self‐rated general health at age 45 than those who were caries‐free and whose parents did not give a ‘poor’ rating (IRR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.49, 0.97).

Conclusions

Five‐year‐olds with greater caries experience were more likely to have poorer self‐rated general health by midlife. Beyond this longitudinal association, future research should examine whether childhood dental caries is associated with objective/biological markers of physical health and whether it may have utility as an early indicator for poor general health in adulthood.