bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiplexed COVID-19 antibody quantification from human sera using label-free nanoplasmonic biosensors
Authors: Adi Wihan , Biswas Dhruv , Shelef Miriam A. , Yesilkoy Filiz
Published: March 2022

Serological assays that can reveal immune status against COVID-19 play a critical role in informing individual and public healthcare decisions. Currently, antibody tests are performed in central clinical laboratories, limiting broad access to diverse populations. Here we report a multiplexed and label-free nanoplasmonic biosensor that can be deployed for point-of-care antibody profiling. Our optical imaging-based approach can simultaneously quantify antigen-specific antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins from 50 µL of human sera. To enhance the dynamic range, we employed multivariate data processing and multi-color imaging and achieved a quantification range of 0.1-100 µg/mL. We measured sera from a COVID-19 acute and convalescent (N = 24) patient cohort and negative controls (N = 5) and showed highly sensitive and specific past-infection diagnosis. Our results were benchmarked against an electrochemiluminescence assay and showed good concordance (R∼0.87). Our integrated nanoplasmonic biosensor has the potential to be used in epidemiological sero-profiling and vaccine studies.
Extended depth of focus by self-imaging wavefront division with the mirror tunnel
Authors: Sheil Conor J. , Wartak Andreas , Spicer Graham L. C. , Tearney Guillermo J.
Published: March 2022

The mirror tunnel is a component used to extend the depth of focus for compact imaging probes used in endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT). A fast and accurate method for mirror tunnel probe simulation, characterization, and optimization is needed, with the aim of reconciling wave- and ray-optics simulation methods and providing a thorough description of the physical operating principle of the mirror tunnel. BeamLab software, employing the beam propagation method, was used to explore the parameter space and quantify lateral resolution and depth of focus extension. The lateral resolution performance was found to depend heavily on the metric chosen, implying that care should be taken in the interpretation of optimization and simulation results. Interpreting the mirror tunnel exit face as an extended object gives an understanding of the probe operation, decoupling it from the focusing optics and potentially helping to reduce the parameter space for future optimization.
Hybrid acousto-optic/electro-optic leaky-mode deflectors
Authors: Adams Mitchell , Bingham Caitlin , Clemons Isaiah , Smalley Daniel E.
Published: March 2022

We introduce a solution for enabling vertical parallax in solid-state leaky mode devices by integrating an electro-optic (EO) phased array. We present a simple proof of concept for an acousto-optic (AO)/EO modulator deflecting in two axes and describe how this could be refined and adapted for transparent large-format and near-eye holographic displays.
Optimization of quantum light sources and four-wave mixing based on a reconfigurable silicon ring resonator
Authors: Wu Chao , Liu Yingwen , Wang Yang , Ding Jiangfang , Zhu Pingyu , Xue Shichuan , Yu Xinyao , Zheng Qilin , Yu Miaomiao , Huang Anqi , Fu Xiang , Qiang Xiaogang , Deng Mingtang , Wu Junjie , Xu Ping
Published: March 2022

Being a key component on a photonic chip, the microring usually specializes in a certain nonlinear optical process and can not simultaneously meet different working conditions for different processes. Here, we theoretically and experimentally investigate a reconfigurable silicon microring resonator to act as a optimization strategy for both classical four-wave mixing and quantum light sources. Experimental results show that the four-wave mixing efficiency with continuous wave and pulsed pump can be both optimized to a high value well matching numerical analysis. A variety of quantum light sources – including the heralded single-photon source, two-photon source and multi-photon source – are demonstrated to present a high performance and their key parameters including the pair generation rates (PGR), the heralding efficiency (HE) and the coincidence-to-accidental ratio (CAR) are controllable and optimizable. Such tunable nonlinear converter is immune to fabrication variations and can be popularized to other nonlinear optical materials, providing a simple and compact post-fabrication trimming strategy for on-chip all-optical signal processing and photonic quantum technologies.
Feedback control of atom trajectories in a horizontal atom gravity gradiometer
Authors: Zhu Lei , Zhong Jiaqi , Zhang Xiaowei , Lyu Wei , Liu Wu , Xu Weihao , Chen Xi , Wang Jin , Zhan Mingsheng
Published: March 2022

The coincidence between the atom trajectory and the Raman pulse sequence is very important for an intersection type atom interferometer. Here we present a feedback control technique for the atom trajectories in our horizontal gravity gradiometer, which improves the stabilities of the trajectories by about 2 orders of magnitude. Through the further study of the dependence of the interferometer contrasts on the atom trajectories, we lock the trajectories at optimal positions. And by this technique, the sensitivity of the gravity gradiometer is improved from 982 E/Hz1/2 to 763 E/Hz1/2, while the long-term stability is enhanced more significantly and reaches 8.9 E after an integration time of 6000 s. This work may provide hints to other experiments based on intersection type atom interferometers.
Dynamic speckle imaging of human skin vasculature with a high-speed camera
Authors: Erdmann Simon , Weissgerber Flora , Colin Koeniguer Élise , Orlik Xavier
Published: March 2022

We demonstrate the ability of high-speed acquisition (up to 30 kHz) of dynamic speckle to provide images of the human vascularization at various scales. A comparative study involving the speckle contrast, the first term of the intensity autocorrelation function, and the zero-crossings of the field intensity is proposed, together with a proper preprocessing scheme based on image registration and filtering. Experimental results show the potential of the first term of the autocorrelation function to provide efficient model-free mapping of the microvascular activity (i.e. small-scale random motion associated with the presence of a vessel). With the help of this parameter, various scales of vascularization including large vessels in the wrist, microvessels in the ear and fingers, and thinner inflammatory structures are observed, which suggests the imaging abilities of this parameter are broad. The minimum acquisition time is shown to be of the order of 50 ms, demonstrating video imaging capabilities.
Sub-50 nm control of light at 405 nm with planar Si nanolens
Authors: Wang Zhong , Chen Muling , Zhang Weihua
Published: March 2022

We studied the super-resolution light modulation capability of Si nanodisks, a flat semi-transparent high index nanolens in the visible spectral range. A Laguerre-Gaussian beam-based optimization algorithm was developed to synthesize desired field distributions. Focused spots below 45 nm (< λ/9) were successfully achieved with 405 nm light over the whole center area of the nanolens. This superb light nano-focusing capability allows us to synthesize complex nano-patterns by simply superposing several focus spots together, making the Si nanolens a promising tool for super-resolution photolithography.
LSPR optical fiber sensor based on 3D gold nanoparticles with monolayer graphene as a spacer
Authors: Feng Jingwen , Gao Jinjuan , Yang Wen , Liu Runcheng , Shafi Muhammad , Zha Zhipeng , Liu Cong , Xu Shicai , Ning Tingyin , Jiang Shouzhen
Published: March 2022

Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) optical fiber biosensing is an advanced and powerful label-free technique which gets great attention for its high sensitivity to refractive index change in surroundings. However, the pursuit of a higher sensitivity is still challenging and should be further investigated. In this paper, based on a monolayer graphene/gold nanoparticles (Grm/Au NPs) three-dimensional (3D) hybrid structure, we fabricated a D-shaped plastic optical fiber (D-POF) LSPR sensor using a facile two-step method. The coupling enhancement of the resonance of this multilayer structure was extremely excited by the surface plasmon property of the stacked Au NPs/Grm layer. We found that the number of plasmonic structure layers was of high importance to the performance of the sensor. Moreover, the optimal electromagnetic field enhancement effect was found in three-layer plasmonic structure. Besides, the n*(Grm/Au NPs)/D-POF sensor exhibited outstanding performance in sensitivity (2160 nm/RIU), linearity (linear fitting coefficient R2 = 0.996) and reproducibility. Moreover, the sensor successfully detected the concentration of glucose, achieving a sensitivity of 1317.61 nm/RIU, which suggested a promising prospect for the application in medicine and biotechnology.
Spatiotemporal self-mode-locked operation in a compact partial multimode Er-doped fiber laser
Authors: Zhang Xuebin , Wang Zhaokun , Shen Changyu , Guo Tiegang
Published: March 2022

We report spatiotemporal self-mode-locked operation at 1.55 µm with a low pump threshold of 32 mW in a compact partial multimode fiber laser system. Spatial filtering and the saturable absorber, both of which originate from the multimode interference (linear or nonlinear) of the single mode–multimode structure in this hybrid configuration, are well suited to the spatiotemporal self-mode-locked operation. Not only stable multimode conventional solitons with different spectral bandwidths but also a multimode soliton molecule complex with different structural bound-state patterns are obtained. It is found that the spatiotemporal evolution of the multimode solitons is dependent on many factors, such as the operating state, the involved frequency component, and the interaction between solitons. Furthermore, an unstable spatiotemporal mode-locked (STML) state where the beam profiles of the solitons change spontaneously is also observed for a specific multimode fiber state and pump power.
Whispering-gallery modes promote enhanced optical backflow in a perforated dielectric microsphere
Authors: Geints Yury E. , Minin Igor V. , Minin Oleg V.
Published: March 2022

Optical energy flow inside a dielectric microsphere is usually co-directed with the optical wave vector. At the same time, if the optical field in a microsphere is in resonance with one of the high-quality spatial eigenmodes (whispering-gallery modes— WGMs), a region of reverse energy flow emerges in the shadow hemisphere. This area is of considerable practical interest due to increased optical trapping potential. In this Letter, we consider a perforated microsphere with an air-filled pinhole fabricated along the particle diameter and numerically analyze the peculiarities of WGM excitation in a nanostructured microsphere. A pinhole isolates the energy backflow region of a resonant mode and changes a perforated microsphere into an efficient optical tweezer. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a multiple enhancement of the energy backflow intensity in the pinhole at a WGM resonance is revealed and we discuss the ways for its manipulation.
Single-polarization single-frequency Brillouin fiber laser that emits almost 5 W of power at 1 µm
Authors: Tao Yue , Jiang Man , Liu Liu , Li Can , Zhou Pu , Jiang Zongfu
Published: March 2022

We demonstrate a high-power single-polarization single-frequency 1064 nm Brillouin fiber laser (BFL) that is constructed with polarization-maintaining germanium-doped fiber with a core/cladding diameter of 20/400 µm. A maximum output power of 4.9 W is achieved with a slope efficiency of 68% and an optical signal-to-noise ratio of 65 dB. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest power output from a single-frequency fiber laser. The polarization extinction ratio is over 18.7 dB and the BFL output presents a good transverse mode. The BFL shows a significant reduction (10–15 dB) in both the relative intensity noise and frequency noise of the pump source, while the estimated linewidth is 170 kHz with a measurement time of 2 ms at the maximum output power. It is believed that the high power output in combination with the decreased relative intensity and frequency noise renders the proposed BFL an important candidate for applications in optical sensing and high-purity microwave signal synthesis.
Precise and extensive characterization of an optical resonator for cavity-based quantum networks
Authors: Lee Dowon , Kim Myunghun , Hong Jungsoo , Ha Taegyu , Kim Junwoo , Kang Sungsam , Choi Youngwoon , An Kyungwon , Lee Moonjoo
Published: March 2022

Cavity-based quantum node is a competitive platform for distributed quantum networks. Here, we characterize a high-finesse Fabry-Pérot optical resonator for coupling single or few atomic quantum registers. Our cavity consists of two mirrors with different reflectivities: One has minimal optical loss, and the other high transmission loss where more than 90% of the intracavity photons would be emitted. Cavity finesse, birefringent effects, and mechanical resonances are measured using the lasers at 780, 782, and 795 nm. In order to obtain cavity geometric parameters, we drive the adjacent longitudinal or transverse modes with two lasers simultaneously, and measure those frequencies using a precision wavelength meter (WLM). A major novelty of this method is that the parameters’ uncertainties are solely determined by the resolution of the WLM, eliminating all of the temporal environment fluctuations. Our scheme makes it possible to quantify the atom-cavity coupling constant up to four significant figures, the most precise and accurate estimation so far, which would become a key ingredient for benchmarking a cavity-based quantum node. Furthermore, the distortion of polarized photonic qubits would be minimized owing to the small birefringent splitting, below 4.9% of the cavity linewidth. Our system should operate in the intermediate atom-cavity coupling regime that would allow us to implement various quantum network protocols.
Hierarchische Eignungsprüfung von externen (Open) Data Sets für unternehmensinterne Analytics- und Machine-Learning-Projekte
Authors: Kaiser Matthias , Stirnweiß Dominic , Wederhake Lars
Published: March 2022

Unternehmen erkennen zunehmend die Bedeutung evidenzbasierter Entscheidungen. Insbesondere die zunehmende Nutzung unternehmensexterner und offener Datensätze (Open Data) fördert die Möglichkeiten evidenzbasierter Entscheidungen. Dabei basieren evidenzbasierte Entscheidungen mit diesen Datensätzen immer häufiger auf Analysen, welche mittels maschineller Lernverfahren bzw. Machine Learning (ML) vorbereitet oder durchgeführt werden. Weil der Inhalt und die Qualität und damit der Nutzen eines Datensatzes für solche Analyseverfahren im Vorfeld ungewiss ist, stellt die Auswahl und die Beschaffung von geeigneten Daten unabhängig vom ML-Verfahren eine Kernherausforderung dar. Dieser Beitrag stellt deshalb zum Zwecke der Effizienz ein hierarchisches Vorgehen vor. Mit diesem können schemabasierte Datensätze strukturiert und effektiv dahingehend überprüft werden, ob deren Qualität und inhaltliche Fit für einen bestimmten Anwendungsfall (z. B. eine wiederkehrende Entscheidungssituation) ausreichend ist. Im Beitrag beschreiben wir einen Anwendungsfall aus dem Bereich der datengestützten Energieverbrauchsprognose für Wohngebäude, bei dem der Aufwand für die Datensatzauswahl reduziert werden konnte.
KI-gestütztes Recruiting – technische Grundlagen, wirtschaftliche Chancen und Risiken sowie ethische und soziale Herausforderungen
Authors: Wilke Gwendolin , Bendel Oliver
Published: March 2022

Bei der Rekrutierung von neuen Mitarbeitern und Mitarbeiterinnen setzen Firmen heute vermehrt auf die Unterstützung durch künstliche Intelligenz (KI). Die technischen Möglichkeiten reichen von Vorauswahlgesprächen mit Chatbots über die automatisierte Auswertung schriftlicher Bewerbungsdossiers hinsichtlich Fachkompetenz und Erfahrung bis hin zur maschinellen Analyse von Videobewerbungen zur Bewertung von Softskills wie Selbstvertrauen, Enthusiasmus oder Kommunikationsfähigkeit. Auch Lernplattformen werden zur Vorauswahl und Überprüfung eingesetzt. Der Artikel erklärt die technischen Grundlagen und Möglichkeiten des KI-gestützten Recruitings und zeigt wirtschaftliche Chancen und Risiken auf. Ethische und soziale Herausforderungen werden diskutiert und verständliche und umsetzbare Handlungsempfehlungen für Unternehmen unterbreitet, damit sie rechtliche Vorgaben und ethische Richtlinien einhalten und auf Kritik reagieren können.
Multimeric structure enables the acceleration of KaiB-KaiC complex formation induced by ADP/ATP exchange inhibition
Authors: Koda Shin-ichi , Saito Shinji
Published: March 2022

Circadian clocks tick a rhythm with a nearly 24-hour period in a variety of organisms. In the clock proteins of cyanobacteria, KaiA, KaiB, and KaiC, known as a minimum circadian clock, the slow KaiB-KaiC complex formation is essential in determining the clock period. This complex formation, occurring when the C1 domain of KaiC hexamer binds ADP molecules produced by the ATPase activity of C1, is considered to be promoted by accumulating ADP molecules in C1 through inhibiting the ADP/ATP exchange (ADP release) rather than activating the ATP hydrolysis (ADP production). Significantly, this ADP/ATP exchange inhibition accelerates the complex formation together with its promotion, implying a potential role in the period robustness under environmental perturbations. However, the molecular mechanism of this simultaneous promotion and acceleration remains elusive because inhibition of a backward process generally slows down the whole process. In this article, to investigate the mechanism, we build several reaction models of the complex formation with the pre-binding process concerning the ATPase activity. In these models, six KaiB monomers cooperatively and rapidly bind to C1 when C1 binds ADP molecules more than a given threshold while stabilizing the binding-competent conformation of C1. Through comparison among the models proposed here, we then extract three requirements for the simultaneous promotion and acceleration: the stabilization of the binding-competent C1 by KaiB binding, slow ADP/ATP exchange in the binding-competent C1, and relatively fast ADP/ATP exchange occurring in the binding-incompetent C1 in the presence of KaiB. The last two requirements oblige KaiC to form a multimer. Moreover, as a natural consequence, the present models can also explain why the binding of KaiB to C1 reduces the ATPase activity of C1.
Constructing benchmark test sets for biological sequence analysis using independent set algorithms
Authors: Petti Samantha , Eddy Sean R.
Published: March 2022

Biological sequence families contain many sequences that are very similar to each other because they are related by evolution, so the strategy for splitting data into separate training and test sets is a nontrivial choice in benchmarking sequence analysis methods. A random split is insufficient because it will yield test sequences that are closely related or even identical to training sequences. Adapting ideas from independent set graph algorithms, we describe two new methods for splitting sequence data into dissimilar training and test sets. These algorithms input a sequence family and produce a split in which each test sequence is less than p% identical to any individual training sequence. These algorithms successfully split more families than a previous approach, enabling construction of more diverse benchmark datasets.
The VIL gene CRAWLING ELEPHANT controls maturation and differentiation in tomato via polycomb silencing
Authors: Shwartz Ido , Yahav Chen , Kovetz Neta , Levy Matan , Israeli Alon , Bar Maya , Duval Katherine L. , Krall Ellen G. , Teboul Naama , Jiménez-Gómez José M. , Deal Roger B. , Ori Naomi
Published: March 2022

VERNALIZATION INSENSITIVE 3-LIKE (VIL) proteins are PHD-finger proteins that recruit the repressor complex Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) to the promoters of target genes. Most known VIL targets are flowering repressor genes. Here, we show that the tomato VIL gene CRAWLING ELEPHANT (CREL) promotes differentiation throughout plant development by facilitating the trimethylation of Histone H3 on lysine 27 (H3K27me3). We identified the crel mutant in a screen for suppressors of the simple-leaf phenotype of entire (e), a mutant in the AUX/IAA gene ENTIRE/SlIAA9, involved in compound-leaf development in tomato. crel mutants have increased leaf complexity, and suppress the ectopic blade growth of e mutants. In addition, crel mutants are late flowering, and have delayed and aberrant stem, root and flower development. Consistent with a role for CREL in recruiting PRC2, crel mutants show drastically reduced H3K27me3 enrichment at approximately half of the 14,789 sites enriched in wild-type plants, along with upregulation of many underlying genes. Interestingly, this reduction in H3K27me3 across the genome in crel is also associated with gains in H3K27me3 at a smaller number of sites that normally have modest levels of the mark in wild-type plants, suggesting that PRC2 activity is no longer limiting in the absence of CREL. Our results uncover a wide role for CREL in plant and organ differentiation in tomato and suggest that CREL is required for targeting PRC2 activity to, and thus silencing, a specific subset of polycomb targets.
Feasibility of a home-based physiotherapy intervention to promote post-stroke mobility: A randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: Jarbandhan Ameerani , Toelsie Jerry , Veeger DirkJan , Bipat Robbert , Vanhees Luc , Buys Roselien
Published: March 2022

Objectives

Home-based physiotherapy interventions to improve post-stroke mobility are successful in high-income countries. These programs require less resources compared to center-based programs. However, feasibility of such an intervention in a low and middle-income setting remains unknown. Therefore, the SunRISe (Stroke Rehabilitation In Suriname) study aimed to assess feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of a home-based semi-supervised physiotherapy intervention to promote post-stroke mobility in a low resource setting.

Design

Prospective randomized controlled trial.

Methods

Chronic stroke patients were recruited and randomized into either an intervention group (IG (N = 20)) or a control group (CG (N = 10)). The IG received a 3-days-a-week home-based physiotherapy program that was supervised in the first 4 weeks and tele-supervised during the second 4 weeks. The physiotherapy program consisted of walking as well as functional and mobilization exercises. The CG received usual care. Feasibility outcome measures included adherence, patient satisfaction and safety. Efficacy measures included functional exercise tolerance (six-minute walking test (6MWT), functional balance (Berg Balance Score (BBS), upper extremity (UE) function (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) Questionnaire), and UE strength ((non-)paretic handgrip (HG) strength). Two-way analysis of variance was used for data analysis.

Results

Thirty participants (61.8 ± 9.2 years old, 13 men) were enrolled in the study. The intervention was completed by 14 participants (70%). Adherence was affected by rainy season associated infrastructural problems (n = 2), the medical status of participants (n = 3) and insufficient motivation to continue the program without direct supervision (n = 1). No adverse events were noted and participants were satisfied with the program. Functional exercise tolerance (57.2 ± 67.3m, p = 0.02) and UE function (-9.8 ± 15.2, p = 0.04) improved in the IG compared to no change in the CG. HG strength was unaltered and a ceiling effect occurred for BBS.

Conclusion

Our home-based semi-supervised physiotherapy intervention seems safe, associated with moderate to high levels of engagement and patient satisfaction and results in functional improvements.
Lysine-Specific Demethylase 1 (LSD1) epigenetically controls osteoblast differentiation
Authors: Rummukainen Petri , Tarkkonen Kati , Dudakovic Amel , Al-Majidi Rana , Nieminen-Pihala Vappu , Valensisi Cristina , Hawkins R. David , van Wijnen Andre J. , Kiviranta Riku
Published: March 2022

Epigenetic mechanisms regulate osteogenic lineage differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells. Histone methylation is controlled by multiple lysine demethylases and is an important step in controlling local chromatin structure and gene expression. Here, we show that the lysine-specific histone demethylase Kdm1A/Lsd1 is abundantly expressed in osteoblasts and that its suppression impairs osteoblast differentiation and bone nodule formation in vitro. Although Lsd1 knockdown did not affect global H3K4 methylation levels, genome-wide ChIP-Seq analysis revealed high levels of Lsd1 at gene promoters and its binding was associated with di- and tri-methylation of histone 3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me2 and H3K4me3). Lsd1 binding sites in osteoblastic cells were enriched for the Runx2 consensus motif suggesting a functional link between the two proteins. Importantly, inhibition of Lsd1 activity decreased osteoblast activity in vivo. In support, mesenchymal-targeted knockdown of Lsd1 led to decreased osteoblast activity and disrupted primary spongiosa ossification and reorganization in vivo. Together, our studies demonstrate that Lsd1 occupies Runx2-binding cites at H3K4me2 and H3K4me3 and its activity is required for proper bone formation.
β-catenin regulates HIV latency and modulates HIV reactivation
Authors: Barbian Hannah J. , Seaton Melanie S. , Narasipura Srinivas D. , Wallace Jennillee , Rajan Reshma , Sha Beverly E. , Al-Harthi Lena
Published: March 2022

Latency is the main obstacle towards an HIV cure, with cure strategies aiming to either elicit or prevent viral reactivation. While these strategies have shown promise, they have only succeeded in modulating latency in a fraction of the latent HIV reservoir, suggesting that the mechanisms controlling HIV latency are not completely understood, and that comprehensive latency modulation will require targeting of multiple latency maintenance pathways. We show here that the transcriptional co-activator and the central mediator of canonical Wnt signaling, β-catenin, inhibits HIV transcription in CD4+ T cells via TCF-4 LTR binding sites. Further, we show that inhibiting the β-catenin pathway reactivates HIV in a primary TCM cell model of HIV latency, primary cells from cART-controlled HIV donors, and in CD4+ latent cell lines. β-catenin inhibition or activation also enhanced or inhibited the activity of several classes of HIV latency reversing agents, respectively, in these models, with significant synergy of β-catenin and each LRA class tested. In sum, we identify β-catenin as a novel regulator of HIV latency in vitro and ex vivo, adding new therapeutic targets that may be combined for comprehensive HIV latency modulation in HIV cure efforts.
SUMOylation of Jun fine-tunes the Drosophila gut immune response
Authors: Soory Amarendranath , Ratnaparkhi Girish S.
Published: March 2022

Post-translational modification by the small ubiquitin-like modifier, SUMO can modulate the activity of its conjugated proteins in a plethora of cellular contexts. The effect of SUMO conjugation of proteins during an immune response is poorly understood in Drosophila. We have previously identified that the transcription factor Jra, the Drosophila Jun ortholog and a member of the AP-1 complex is one such SUMO target. Here, we find that Jra is a regulator of the Pseudomonas entomophila induced gut immune gene regulatory network, modulating the expression of a few thousand genes, as measured by quantitative RNA sequencing. Decrease in Jra in gut enterocytes is protective, suggesting that reduction of Jra signaling favors the host over the pathogen. In Jra, lysines 29 and 190 are SUMO conjugation targets, with the JraK29R+K190R double mutant being SUMO conjugation resistant (SCR). Interestingly, a JraSCR fly line, generated by CRISPR/Cas9 based genome editing, is more sensitive to infection, with adults showing a weakened host response and increased proliferation of Pseudomonas. Transcriptome analysis of the guts of JraSCR and JraWT flies suggests that lack of SUMOylation of Jra significantly changes core elements of the immune gene regulatory network, which include antimicrobial agents, secreted ligands, feedback regulators, and transcription factors. Mechanistically, SUMOylation attenuates Jra activity, with the TFs, forkhead, anterior open, activating transcription factor 3 and the master immune regulator Relish being important transcriptional targets. Our study implicates Jra as a major immune regulator, with dynamic SUMO conjugation/deconjugation of Jra modulating the kinetics of the gut immune response.
Cloning and prokaryotic expression of WRKY48 from Caragana intermedia
Authors: Liu Jinhua , Wang Ruigang , Li Guojing , Wan Yongqing
Published: March 2022

Caragana intermedia (C. intermedia) is a kind of drought-tolerant leguminous shrub. WRKY transcription factors are one of the largest family of transcription factors in plants and play critical regulatory roles in stress tolerance and the development of plants. In our study, CiWRKY48 was cloned from C. intermedia, analyzed using bioinformatics software, and expressed with a prokaryotic expression system. The results showed that the open reading frame (ORF) of CiWRKY48 was 1158bp, the molecular weight (MW) was 42 kDa, and its subcellular localization was in the nucleus. Additionally, fusion protein was obtained, and confirmed by western blotting. The stress resistance of the pET30a-His-MBP-CiWRKY48 transformed Escherichia coli expression strain was reduced under mannitol and salt treatment, compared with the control. Overall, our findings provided a foundation for uncovering the function of CiWRKY48.
Problems with the Highest Good
Authors: Fugate Courtney D.
Published: March 2022

In this paper, I want to focus not on the problems that I believe may threaten Kant’s account of the highest good, but instead on those that I believe threaten the majority of the interpretive reconstructions attempted by commentators and thus prevent the emergence of a consensus in the near future. My goal is to set forth exactly four problems to which I believe any successful interpretation or reconstruction of Kant’s account of the highest good will have to provide substantive solutions and, in doing so, either break new theoretical ground or at least provide a more comprehensive methodology for sorting through the texts.
Fluorescence microscope observation of the structure of a calcium alginate hydrogel
Authors: Aoyagi Minoru
Published: March 2022

Calcium alginate hydrogels are used in a wide range of applications in the food, medical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. I have studied a calcium alginate hydrogel as an ultrasound phantom material. This hydrogel is formed using sodium alginate, calcium sulfate dihydrate, trisodium phosphate 12-hydrate, glycerol, and water, and mimics the ultrasound properties of human soft tissue. In this study, the structure of the calcium alginate hydrogel was observed with a fluorescence microscope after staining with the calcium indicator calcein. Two types of hydrogel structures, tape-like and thread-like, were observed by this method. The thread-like structures were rare in the hydrogel, which made them more difficult to find than the tape-like structures. These structures were several micrometers in diameter and longer than the tape-like structures, which were several micrometers to several tens of micrometers wide. The thread-like structures spread out in three dimensions, and existed singly or in aggregates. The outer shape of the aggregated thread-like structures resembled the shape of the tape-like structures, which suggested that the tape-like structures were made up of thread-like structures. The tape-like and thread-like structures are thought to contribute to retention of water, which is the main component of a hydrogel, by surrounding it.
Statistical analysis of phase values for the determination of step heights in multi-wavelength interferometry
Authors: Krause Corinna , Bergmann Ralf B. , Falldorf Claas
Published: March 2022

To determine step heights between a few nanometers and several micrometers, we present a statistical evaluation procedure which overcomes the limitations of the unambiguity range of conventional multi-wavelength interferometry. The experimental setup consists of a shear interferometer with two different wavelengths to measure the phase difference between light reflected from an object with regions of two different heights. The statistical averaging over a large area of both regions of the object for both wavelengths generates a pair of phase difference values. A diagram of the space of phase values converts the pair of phase difference values into a step height. This statistical method enables the determination of step heights greater than the synthetic wavelength with an accuracy of a few nanometers even with small tilts of the object.
Construction and effect evaluation of different sciatic nerve injury models in rats
Authors: Siwei Qu , Ma Ning , Wang Weixin , Chen Sen , Wu Qi , Li Yangqun , Yang Zhe
Published: March 2022

Background

The most commonly used experimental model for preclinical studies on peripheral nerve regeneration is the sciatic nerve injury model. However, no experimental study has been conducted to evaluate acute injury modes at the same time.

Objective

We conducted sciatic nerve transverse injury, clamp injury, keep epineurium and axon cutting injury, and chemical damage injury in rats to evaluate the degree of damage of the four different injury modes and the degree of self-repair after injury.

Methods

The sciatic nerve transverse injury model, clamp injury model, keep epineurium injury model, and chemical damage injury model were constructed. Then, the sciatic nerve function was assessed using clinical evaluation methods and electrophysiological examinations, as well as immunofluorescence and axonal counting assessments of the reconstructed nerve pathways.

Results

The evaluations showed that the transverse group had the lowest muscle action potential, sciatic functional index, nociceptive threshold, mechanical threshold, rate of wet gastrocnemius muscle weight, area of muscle fiber, and numbers of myelinated nerve fibers. The chemical group had the highest, while the clamp group and the keep epineurium group had medium.

Conclusion

Transverse injury models have the most stable effect among all damage models; chemical injury models self-recover quickly and damage incompletely with poor stability of effect; and clamp injury models and keep epineurium injury models have no significant differences in many ways with medium stability.
Catalytic degradation of MO and MB dyes under solar and UV light irradiation using ZnO fabricated using Syzygium Cumini leaf extract
Authors: Bukhari Attaullah , Atta Madiha , Nazir Arif , Anees-ur-Rahman  , Shahab Muhammad Rehan , Kanwal Qudsia , Iqbal Munawar , Albalawi Hind , Alwadai Norah
Published: March 2022

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were fabricated using Syzygium cumini leave extract as a reducing and capping agent. The ZnO NPs were characterized using various techniques including scanning electron microscopy, UV-Visible and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) techniques. The ZnO nanoparticles size was in 0.2–1 µm range and spherical in shape. Photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO NPs for the removal of MB (methylene blue) and MO (methyl orange) was investigated under solar and UV light expire. Photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO NPs was promising, which was found to be high under UV irradiation versus solar light. The ZnO NPs was confirmed as appropriate photocatalytic agent with significant potential for the removal of dye from wastewater.
RETÓRICA DIGITAL RIZOMÁTICA: PERCEPCIÓN DE FORMACIÓN DIGITAL DE UNIVERSITARIOS A DIEZ AÑOS DE SU EXPERIENCIA CON ENCICLOMEDIA
Authors: Bras Ruiz Ismene Ithaí
Published: March 2022

El texto presenta los resultados de la investigación en la que se valoró percepción en la formación digital en estudiantes universitarios a partir de su experiencia con el programa Enciclomedia en México hace diez años, hasta llegar a la universidad. Se parte del supuesto de que esta formación no se limitó a este programa, sino que se experimentó en varios entornos con el mundo digital, aunque Enciclomedia fue la primera de tipo académico en sus vidas. Los resultados muestran que aunque la percepción de este programa no es del todo positiva, se considera que estas prácticas digitales tuvieron un impacto en la formación digital a la larga, al igual que la experimentación con el celular de los padres, videojuegos, videos, navegación. Estas prácticas son denominadas rizomáticas, en virtud de son entramados interconectados y son una forma de retórica digital en tanto que nos muestra la evolución de la narrativa subjetiva y compleja de los estudiantes.
RETENÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NA EMAD Jr.
Authors: Bernardes José Francisco , Garcia dos Santos Elaine , Barros Rasia Isabel Cristina Rosa , Barcellos Castro Lucas Henrique
Published: March 2022

Tendo em vista a importância do conhecimento no contexto do aprendizado organizacional e como fator de diferencial econômico nas empresas, estudar a retenção do conhecimento se apresenta como um tema relevante. Pesquisa-se sobre a retenção do conhecimento na empresa Emad Jr., a fim de analisar se a Emad Jr. utiliza ferramentas de retenção do conhecimento, áreas de gestão ou modelos de estratégia específicos para a retenção do conhecimento. Realiza-se, então, uma pesquisa de método indutivo de caráter de pesquisa exploratório, descritiva e bibliográfica, com uma abordagem qualitativa, assim na coleta de dados foi utilizado um questionário elaborado nas estruturas de retenção do conhecimento propostas por (DeLong, 2004; Liebowitz, 2009) a fim de responder os problemas de pesquisa. Diante disso, constatou-se que a Emad Jr. utiliza ferramentas de retenção do conhecimento mas não apresenta áreas de gestão ou modelos de estratégia específicos para a retenção do conhecimento, bem como foi possível apresentar melhorias para o processo de retenção do conhecimento na Emad Jr.
Differential Activation of Pain Circuitry Neuron Populations in a Mouse Model of Spinal Cord Injury-Induced Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Brown Eric V. , Malik Ayma F. , Moese Elizabeth R. , McElroy Abigail F. , Lepore Angelo C.
Published: March 2022

Neuropathic pain (NP) is one of the most common and debilitating comorbidities of spinal cord injury (SCI). Current therapies are often ineffective due in part to an incomplete understanding of underlying pathogenic mechanisms. In particular, it remains unclear how SCI leads to dysfunction in the excitability of nociceptive circuitry. The immediate early gene c-Fos has long been used in pain processing locations as a marker of neuronal activation. We employed a mouse reporter line with fos-promoter driven Cre-recombinase to define neuronal activity changes in relevant pain circuitry locations following cervical spinal cord level (C)5/6 contusion (using both females and males), a SCI model that results in multiple forms of persistent NP-related behavior. SCI significantly increased activation of cervical dorsal horn (DH) projection neurons, as well as induced a selective reduction in the activation of a specific DH projection neuron subpopulation that innervates the periaqueductal gray (PAG), an important brain region involved in descending inhibitory modulation of DH pain transmission. SCI also increased the activation of both protein kinase C (PKC)γ and calretinin excitatory DH interneuron populations. Interestingly, SCI promoted a significant decrease in the activation selectively of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-expressing inhibitory interneurons of cervical DH. In addition, SCI altered activation of various supraspinal neuron populations associated with pain processing, including a large increase in thalamus and a significant decrease in PAG. These findings reveal a complex and diverse set of SCI-induced neuron activity changes across the pain circuitry neuraxis. Moving forward, these results can be used to inform therapeutic targeting of defined neuronal populations in NP.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeuropathic pain (NP) is one of the most common and highly debilitating comorbidities of spinal cord injury (SCI). Unfortunately, current therapies are often ineffective due in part to an incomplete understanding of underlying pathogenic mechanisms. In particular, it remains unclear how SCI leads to dysfunction in excitability of nociceptive circuitry. Using a FosTRAP2 reporter mouse line in a model of SCI-induced NP, we show SCI alters activation of a number of important interneuron and projection neuron populations across relevant spinal cord and brain locations of the pain circuitry neuraxis. These data suggest a role for maladaptive plasticity involving specific subpopulations of neurons and circuits in driving SCI-induced chronic pain. Moving forward, these results can be used to inform therapeutic targeting of defined neuronal populations in NP.
Causas del bajo dominio del idioma inglés en los estudiantes de secundaria de la Educación Básica Regular en el Perú
Authors: Huamán Rosales Jesús Prospero
Published: March 2022

El inglés se ha consolidado como el idioma universal dominante, y, por tanto, para una adecuada inserción en el mundo de hoy y al conocimiento que este posee, es sustancial para una persona, adquirirlo. En el Perú, el nivel de dominio del idioma inglés de los egresados de la Educación Básica Regular se encuentra en un nivel básico a pesar de los cientos de horas que el estado imparte como curso, en su malla curricular. Por ello, la presente investigación busca encontrar las causas del bajo dominio del idioma inglés en los estudiantes peruanos de la Educación Básica Regular. Para ello, analiza la metodología de la enseñanza del inglés propuesta por el Ministerio de Educación a los docentes de los colegios, así como un breve análisis a la aplicación del enfoque comunicativo para establecer las competencias con las cuales se mide los logros de los estudiantes. Seguidamente, analiza y compara las políticas estatales para la promoción del idioma inglés con estándares internacionales y con el sector privado. El estudio concluye que el estado no ha logrado darle la debida importancia al curso de inglés, ni ha encontrado los modos de promover la especialización.
Los pronombres personales del mixteco: Un estudio comparativo entre dos variantes lingüísticas
Authors: Rázuri Martínez Ada R.
Published: March 2022

En este artículo se describe los pronombres personales de dos variantes lingüísticas del mixteco: San Bartolomé Yucuañe y Magdalena Peñasco, ambaslocalizadaseneldistritode Tlaxiaco, estadode Oaxaca, México. Las formas en las que ambas variantes lingüísticas clasifican los pronombres son divergentes. La primera codifica factores como el género, la edad y la cercanía del hablante y oyen- te. La segunda, en cambio, solo enfatiza el respeto hacia el oyente.
Unidades fraseológicas en el español limeño: Investigación lingüística e inventario para la enseñanza de la lengua
Authors: Quintanilla Anglas Rómulo F. , Conde Marcos Manuel E.
Published: March 2022

El presente artículo expone los resultados de una investigación realizada en el año 2017 en la ciudad de Lima sobre las denominadas unidades fraseólógicas (UUFF), un tema dentro del campo de estudio de la fraseología, que en nuestro país es poco explorado.

La investigación contempla dos partes claramente diferenciadas: en la primera parte, se describe la estructura, la función sintáctica y los contenidos semánticos de las unidades fraseológicas registradas, esto es, se las analiza lingüísticamente como parte de un sistema, considerando los componentes de este. La segunda parte de la investigación contempla la presentación de una relación organizada alfabéticamente de unidades fraseológicas usadas en la ciudad de Lima, que constituye la base de un futuro diccionario fraseológico de esta región. Adicionalmente, se presenta algunas pautas para el empleo de este listado de UUFF en la enseñanza de la lengua española.
Derivación de verbos de cambio en el aimara: -pta y -ra
Authors: Gonzalo Segura Roger
Published: March 2022

El artículo consiste en una descripción detallada desde la semántica conceptual de Jackendoff de dos sufijos denominativos que tienen la propiedad de derivar verbos de cambio o devenir del aimara sureño: el -pta cambio de estado absoluto y el -ra cambio de estado gradual.
El maternés de madres peruanas: Una descripción psicolingüística sobre los estilos de habla
Authors: Lovón Cueva Marco Antonio , Martel Paredes Arturo , Tejada Tirado Melissa
Published: March 2022

Las madres suelen hablar a sus hijos desde temprana edad para estimular sus habilidades comunicativas y el aprendizaje de su lengua materna. Esta forma especial de comunicación que se desarrolla entre madres (y cuidadores en general) y niños se denomina maternés. En el proceso de adquisición lingüística, el maternés juega un rol central como proveedor de estímulos lingüísticos. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el maternés de madres peruanas. Metodológicamente, se han seleccionado dos madres y sus niños en la temprana infancia, a quienes se les grabó sus interacciones verbales. En este estudio, se describen las características lingüísticas y los estilos del maternés de estas madres. Asimismo, se da a conocer la diferencia de habla entre la madre de estilo receptivo y la madre de estilo poco receptivo.
Uso gramaticalizado de participios de verbos quechua y aimara equivalentes a decir
Authors: Ferrell Ramírez Marco A.
Published: March 2022

Este artículo describe y explica el comportamiento de los participios de decir en quechua y aimara, nisqa y sata, respectivamente, que con una sintaxis de desplazamiento a la derecha cumplen la función de resaltar un elemento nominal de la oración. Estos componentes de carácter nominal pueden llevar sufijos de caso y de persona posesora. Se registra su ocurrencia en la lengua culta y formal desde el siglo XVI hasta la actualidad.
Análisis del discurso publicitario de las academias preuniversitarias en las regiones Cusco y Ayacucho
Authors: Paredes Ramírez Ivonne Alessandra
Published: March 2022

Para muchos egresados de la educación secundaria, las academias preuniversitarias son el camino necesario que se debe tomar para poder asegurar una vacante en la universidad. El propósito de este trabajo es identificar y describir las estrategias discursivas que estas academias manejan mediante los avisos publicitarios que muestran en la red social Facebook para así demostrar que las academias convencen y persuaden mediante su discurso a los estudiantes.
Actitudes lingüísticas de migrantes andinos en áreas sociodemográficas de lenguas en contacto
Authors: Falcón Ccenta Pedro , Esquivel Villafana Jorge
Published: March 2022

Desde una perspectiva teórico-mentalista, se evaluó las identidades y las actitudes lingüísticas de los migrantes andinos en el asentamiento humano Villa Huanta, en San Juan de Lurigancho (Lima, Perú). Los enfoques cualitativo y cuantitativo posibilitaron la medición de las variables sexo, edad y escolaridad para lo cual se utilizó, de manera complementaria, el cuestionario, la observación participante y la entrevista semiestructurada. La evaluación cuantitativa permitió determinar que los migrantes andinos no evidencian una valoración muy alta hacia el castellano en relación con la lengua quechua, especialmente en el ámbito afectivo. Sin embargo, desde la perspectiva cualitativa, ello sí ocurre en los ámbitos cognoscitivos y socioculturales, no solo entre los jóvenes, sino también en la población adulta.