bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Excited States of Xanthene Analogues: Photofragmentation and Calculations by CC2 and Time‐Dependent Density Functional Theory
Authors: Kulesza Alexander Jan , Titov Evgenii , Daly Steven , Włodarczyk Radosław , Megow Jörg , Saalfrank Peter , Choi Chang Min , MacAleese Luke , Antoine Rodolphe , Dugourd Philippe
Published: July 2016

Action spectroscopy has emerged as an analytical tool to probe excited states in the gas phase. Although comparison of gas‐phase absorption properties with quantum‐chemical calculations is, in principle, straightforward, popular methods often fail to describe many molecules of interest—such as xanthene analogues. We, therefore, face their nano‐ and picosecond laser‐induced photofragmentation with excited‐state computations by using the CC2 method and time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). Whereas the extracted absorption maxima agree with CC2 predictions, the TDDFT excitation energies are blueshifted. Lowering the amount of Hartree–Fock exchange in the DFT functional can reduce this shift but at the cost of changing the nature of the excited state. Additional bandwidth observed in the photofragmentation spectra is rationalized in terms of multiphoton processes. Observed fragmentation from higher‐lying excited states conforms to intense excited‐to‐excited state transitions calculated with CC2. The CC2 method is thus suitable for the comparison with photofragmentation in xanthene analogues.
The Conversion of Starch and Sugars into Branched C10 and C11 Hydrocarbons
Authors: Sutton Andrew D. , Kim Jin K. , Wu Ruilian , Hoyt Caroline B. , Kimball David B. , Silks Louis A. , Gordon John C.
Published: July 2016

Oligosaccharides, such as starch, cellulose, and hemicelluloses, are abundant and easily obtainable bio‐derived materials that can potentially be used as precursors for fuels and chemical feedstocks. To access the pertinent molecular building blocks (i.e., 5‐ or 6‐carbon containing sugar units) located within these biopolymers and transform them into useful fuel precursors, oligosaccharide depolymerization followed by chain extension is required. This chain extension can readily be performed via a Garcia–Gonzalez‐like approach using β‐diketones under mild conditions to provide fuel precursors containing an increased carbon atom content that meets fuel requirements. In a subsequent step, ring opening and hydrodeoxygenation chemistry of these species allows for the preparation of branched alkanes under relatively mild conditions. This approach can be applied to monomeric sugars (glucose and xylose), oligosaccharides (starch), and potentially to hydrolyzed dedicated energy crops to allow the conversion of real biomass into fuel type molecules.
CSPGs inhibit axon branching by impairing mitochondria‐dependent regulation of actin dynamics and axonal translation
Authors: Sainath Rajiv , Ketschek Andrea , Grandi Leah , Gallo Gianluca
Published: July 2016

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) inhibit the formation of axon collateral branches. The regulation of the axonal cytoskeleton and mitochondria are important components of the mechanism of branching. Actin‐dependent axonal plasticity, reflected in the dynamics of axonal actin patches and filopodia, is greatest along segments of the axon populated by mitochondria. It is reported that CSPGs partially depolarize the membrane potential of axonal mitochondria, which impairs the dynamics of the axonal actin cytoskeleton and decreases the formation and duration of axonal filopodia, the first steps in the mechanism of branching. The effects of CSPGs on actin cytoskeletal dynamics are specific to axon segments populated by mitochondria. In contrast, CSPGs do not affect the microtubule content of axons, or the localization of microtubules into axonal filopodia, a required step in the mechanism of branch formation. It is also reported that CSPGs decrease the mitochondria‐dependent axonal translation of cortactin, an actin associated protein involved in branching. Finally, the inhibitory effects of CSPGs on axon branching, actin cytoskeletal dynamics and the axonal translation of cortactin are reversed by culturing neurons with acetyl‐l‐carnitine, which promotes mitochondrial respiration. Collectively these data indicate that CSPGs impair mitochondrial function in axons, an effect which contributes to the inhibition of axon branching. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 419–437, 2017
Prevention of eating disorders: A systematic review of randomized, controlled trials
Authors: Watson Hunna J. , Joyce Tara , French Elizabeth , Willan Vivienne , Kane Robert T. , Tanner‐Smith Emily E. , McCormack Julie , Dawkins Hayley , Hoiles Kimberley J. , Egan Sarah J.
Published: July 2016

Objective

This systematic review evaluated the efficacy of universal, selective, and indicated eating disorder prevention.

Method

A systematic literature search was conducted in Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Collaboration Library databases to January 2016. Studies were included if they were randomized, controlled trials (RCT) and tested an eating disorder prevention program. We retrieved 13 RCTs of universal prevention (N = 3,989 participants, 55% female, M age = 13.0 years), 85 RCTs of selective prevention (N = 11,949 participants, 99% female, M age = 17.6 years), and 8 RCTs of indicated prevention (N = 510 participants, 100% female, M age = 20.1 years). Meta‐analysis was performed with selective prevention trials. As there were a limited number of universal and indicated trials, narrative synthesis was conducted.

Results

Media literacy had the most support for universal prevention. Most universal approaches showed significant modest effects on risk factors. Dissonance‐based was the best supported approach for selective prevention. Cognitive‐behavior therapy (CBT), a healthy weight program, media literacy, and psychoeducation, were also effective for selective prevention and effects were maintained at follow‐up. CBT was supported for indicated prevention and effects were maintained at follow‐up.

Discussion

The modest effects for universal prevention were likely due to floor effects. The evidence for selective prevention suggests that empirically supported approaches should be disseminated on a wider basis. Our findings suggest CBT should be offered for indicated populations. Overall, results suggest efficacy of several prevention programs for reducing risk for eating disorders, and that wider dissemination is required. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of diversity on community assembly in newly formed pond communities
Authors: Holmes Christopher J. , Figary Stephanie , Schulz Kimberly L. , Cáceres Carla E.
Published: July 2016

Theory suggests that in a new habitat, initial levels of genetic or species diversity can influence subsequent community assembly. Nevertheless, empirical investigations of these diversity effects in newly created habitats remain rare at both the genetic and species level, especially for animal systems. To test this theory, we conducted a field experiment in which initial stocking diversity (both intra‐ and interspecific) of freshwater zooplankton in newly constructed pools was manipulated in a 2 × 2 fully factorial design. Zooplankton communities were sampled every 2 weeks from May to August in 2011 and 2012, and once in May of 2013 and 2014. Estimates of overland dispersal were measured in 2012. Despite theoretical predictions, we found no difference in taxonomic richness among stocking treatments after 4 yr. A total of 24 species was recorded in the experimental pool metacommunity, with average cumulative taxonomic richness ranging from 6.1 to 7.6 species per pool. Using dispersal traps, we found that dispersal of zooplankton was rapid, with eight taxa dispersing within 7 d; we found no difference in the number of dispersed propagules based on number of neighboring source pools. Despite theoretical predictions regarding diversity and community assembly, our study suggests that initial diversity may have no effect on early successional community species richness.
Impact of DC 48 V on Automotive Power Supply Systems: Comparison with DC 42 V and Future View under DC 60 V
Authors: TERATANI TATSUO
Published: July 2016

In the twenty‐first century, rapid advances are being made in the electric propulsion of vehicles as a countermeasure of global warming. In addition, CO2 emissions from all vehicles are to be stringently regulated to 95 g/km by 2020. Thus, most automakers around the world have had to develop not only hybrid electric vehicles, but also conventional internal combustion engine with energy‐saving technology. Battery technology (Li‐ion) and semiconductor technology (SiC and GaN) for automotive power supply systems have proceeded to the mass‐production stage. In 2011, Verband der Automobilindustrie (German OEMs and suppliers) announced the adoption of DC 48 V for the market of 2020. In this paper, we analyze the needs and impact of DC 48 V and compare it with DC 42 V (current technology). We also try to portray the future view under DC 60 V for automotive power supply systems.
Design Method for EMI Filters Connected to Both dc and ac ports of a Residential‐Use Photovoltaic Power Conditioner
Authors: OMATA SHINPEI , SHIMIZU TOSHIHISA
Published: July 2016

Electro‐magnetic interface (EMI) noise radiated from the dc cable of photovoltaic power conditioner systems (PCSs) is a serious problem for radio transmission equipment. In order to prevent the interference, the International Special Committee on Radio Interface (CISPR) is discussing to determine a noise regulation value for this issue. To reduce the radiated noise, this paper studies the attenuation characteristics of EMI filters that are connected to both the dc and the ac sides of the PCS. In this paper, it is pointed out that the EMI filters do not show their own attenuation characteristics if those are connected to the PCS. In particular, when EMI filters are connected to both the dc and the ac sides of the PCS, a specific series resonant frequency is observed and deteriorates the attenuation characteristics of both EMI filters. In order to prevent this problem, a design method for EMI filters which can reduce the common‐mode EMI noise effectively, is proposed in this paper. Further, the effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed through experiments.
Family Functioning in Adolescents with Binge‐Eating Disorder
Authors: Tetzlaff Anne , Schmidt Ricarda , Brauhardt Anne , Hilbert Anja
Published: July 2016

Objective

While the importance of family factors on the development and maintenance of adolescent anorexia and bulimia nervosa has been well documented, virtually nothing is known about these impacts in binge‐eating disorder (BED). Therefore, this study sought to examine family functioning (FF) in families of adolescents with BED.

Method

A total of 40 adolescents meeting diagnostic criteria for full‐syndrome or sub‐threshold BED were compared to 40 matched adolescents without any eating disorder symptoms (CG). Adolescents', mothers', and fathers' perspectives of various FF components were assessed using self‐report questionnaires.

Results

Adolescents with BED reported significantly less emotionality and affective involvement, and lower adaptability compared to the CG, although all FF subscales fell within the normal range (T score < 60).

Conclusions

This study provided evidence for decreased FF in families with an adolescent with BED. Further research is needed to clarify associations between FF and the onset and course of BED. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
A combined field, laboratory and numerical study of the forces applied to, and the potential for removal of, bar top vegetation in a braided river
Authors: Bankhead Natasha L. , Thomas Robert E. , Simon Andrew
Published: July 2016

Vegetation can have an important role in controlling channel planform, through its effects on channel roughness, and root‐reinforcement of bank and bar materials. Along the Platte River in central Nebraska, USA, The Platte River Recovery Implementation Program (PRRIP) has been tasked with managing the planform of the river to benefit endangered species. To investigate the potential use of planned short duration high flow (SDHF) events to manage bar vegetation, this study combined several approaches to determine whether flows of up to 227 m3s−1 through the central Platte River, could remove cottonwood, Phragmites and reed canarygrass stands of various ages and densities from in‐channel bars. First, fieldwork was carried out to measure the uprooting resistance, and resistance to bending for each species. Second, a set of flume experiments was carried out to measure the forces exerted on the three species of interest under different flow conditions. Finally, a numerical study comparing drag forces (driving) measured in the flume study, with uprooting forces (resisting) measured in the field, was carried out for each species to determine the likelihood of plant removal by SDHF events. Results showed that plants with more than a year of root growth, likely cannot be removed through drag and local scour alone, even at the 100‐year recurrence interval discharge. At most, a few cottonwood seedlings could be removed from bars through drag, scour and undercutting, where rooting depths are still small. The results presented here help us further understand the positive feedbacks that lead to the creation of permanent, vegetated bars rather than mobile braided channels. As such, the findings could help inform management decisions for other braided rivers, and the combined field, flume and modeling techniques used in this study could be applied to other fluvial systems where vegetation and planform dynamics are of interest. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene as FR for CFR anionic PA6 via T‐RTM: a study of mechanical and thermal properties
Authors: Höhne Carl‐Christoph , Wendel Rainer , Käbisch Bert , Anders Thorsten , Henning Frank , Kroke Edwin
Published: July 2016

The production of carbon fiber reinforced (CFR) anionic polyamide 6 (APA6) plates by thermoplastic resin transfer molding (T‐RTM) processing is highly sensitive to the presence of polymer additives such as flame retardants (FRs). However, APA6 is flammable, and therefore, it is mandatory to protect the polymer matrix, especially if the produced materials are intended for aerospace applications. Typically used FR for PA6 cannot be incorporated in the T‐RTM processes. With hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene, an incorporable and effective FR additive for CFR APA6 was discovered. Cone calorimetry measurements indicate a char formation‐based mechanism, and the flame retardancy was further confirmed with limiting oxygen index tests, classification by UL94 (V‐0), and FAR25 tests. The influence of this FR on the thermal (thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry) and mechanical behavior (flexural, compressive and ultimate tensile strength, and Charpy impact tests) on CFR APA6 produced via T‐RTM processing is evaluated and indicates no interaction with the APA6; it works as a passive filler. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Electrochemical Effectiveness Model and Its Implication for Performance Loss Due to Electrode Microstructural Degradation in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Baek S. M. , Shin D. , Sohn S. , Nam J. H.
Published: July 2016

The electrochemical performance of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) is known to depend strongly on the electrode microstructure. Based on the electrochemical effectiveness model recently explored by the authors, this study proposes a theoretical model for the reduction of current generation performance due to microstructural degradation. The effects of the three‐phase boundary length (TPBL) and the effective ionic conductivity are predicted for three distinct operating regimes: low (<0.05), intermediate (0.5–2), and high (>3) Thiele moduli. Numerical experiments are performed to simulate the performance loss due to electrode degradation using polarization resistances derived from experimental studies, the results of which are compared with the predictions of the theoretical model to investigate its reliability.
The Effect of Introducing a Minimum Price on the Distribution of Alcohol Purchase: A Counterfactual Analysis
Authors: Sharma Anurag , Etilé Fabrice , Sinha Kompal
Published: July 2016

We use counterfactual analysis techniques to evaluate the impact of a $2 minimum unit price (MUP) on the distribution of Australian (Victorian) household off‐trade alcohol purchases. Our estimates suggest that a $2 MUP significantly reduces the purchases of at‐risk households by up to −0.92 [90% CI: −1.55, −0.28] standard drinks at the highest quantiles and has substantially less effect on households purchasing at light and moderate levels. A $2 MUP may reduce the proportions of male and female shoppers purchasing at the public health threshold of more than two standard drinks per household member per day by −3.03 [90% CI: −4.83, −1.22] percentage points (relative variation: −17%); and −1.85 [90% CI: −2.60, −1.10] percentage points (relative variation:−22%), respectively. Implementing an MUP on alcohol thus promises significant positive impacts on public health. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synchrony and emotion in children and adults
Authors: Monier Florie , Droit‐Volet Sylvie
Published: July 2016

This study examined both the development of synchronisation activities and the way emotion affects these activities in children and adults. Children aged from 3 to 8 years, as well as adults, performed a spontaneous motor tempo (SMT) task and a synchronisation task with a 500‐millisecond and 700‐millisecond inter‐stimulus interval (ISI), followed by a continuation task, in both an emotion‐free and an emotional context (High‐Arousal, Low‐Arousal, and Neutral). The results showed that the SMT was faster and more variable in the younger children. In addition, the younger children found it more difficult to slow down their tapping rate in synchrony with the 700‐millisecond ISI, with the result that they quickly returned to their internal tempo in the continuation phase. In contrast, the 8‐year‐olds' synchronisation performance was close to that of the adults. However, despite developmental changes in synchronisation skills, all the participants produced faster tempi in both the SMT and the synchronisation task for the High‐Arousal emotion than for the other emotions. This suggests that emotions induce an automatic distortion of motor timing as has also been observed for the perception of time.
Joint Bayesian Analysis of Parameters and States in Nonlinear non‐Gaussian State Space Models
Authors: Barra István , Hoogerheide Lennart , Koopman Siem Jan , Lucas André
Published: July 2016

We propose a new methodology for designing flexible proposal densities for the joint posterior density of parameters and states in a nonlinear, non‐Gaussian state space model. We show that a highly efficient Bayesian procedure emerges when these proposal densities are used in an independent Metropolis–Hastings algorithm or in importance sampling. Our method provides a computationally more efficient alternative to several recently proposed algorithms. We present extensive simulation evidence for stochastic intensity and stochastic volatility models based on Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes. For our empirical study, we analyse the performance of our methods for corporate default panel data and stock index returns. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ethanol as complementary carbon source in Scenedesmus obliquus cultivation
Authors: Matsudo Marcelo C , Sousa Thaís F , Pérez‐Mora Lina S , Bezerra Raquel P , Sato Sunao , Carvalho João CM
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND

Ethanol may be an attractive carbon source for microorganism growth for the production of several biomolecules. Nonetheless, high amounts of ethanol may be harmful for microbial cells. This study evaluated the effect of adding ethanol to the cultivation of Scenedesmus obliquus, under batch and fed‐batch processes.

RESULTS

A single addition of ethanol up to 460.00 mg L−1 did not influence cell growth, but above this threshold, different concentrations of ethanol had positive effects on maximum cell concentration. On the other hand, when ethanol was added daily for a period of 10 days, even the smallest ethanol feed rate (5.75 mg L−1 d−1; total added ethanol concentration = 57.5 mg L−1) positively influenced maximum cell concentration. Daily addition of 368 mg L−1 (fed‐batch culture; total added ethanol concentration = 3680 mg L−1) allowed the best cell growth of this study, with maximum cell concentration of 1068.70 mg L−1 and cell productivity of 113 ± 7.13 mg L−1 d−1. Under this condition, the maximum specific growth rate and maximum cell concentration obtained with mixotrophic growth were 2.83 and 2.70 times higher, respectively, than those obtained with autotrophic growth.

CONCLUSION

Cultures supplied with ethanol significantly improved cell growth. Addition of ethanol by a fed‐batch process allowed the highest biomass production with a total added ethanol concentration that hindered cell growth by batch process. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Continuous cane sugar inversion process using immobilized invertase
Authors: Koli Aditya C , Gaikar Vilas G
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND

Sugarcane juice is mostly used by industry for manufacturing sucrose and invert sugars. However, during enzymatic processing of raw sugarcane juice for an extended period of time, maintaining enzyme stability is a major bottleneck in food and agricultural industries. The present work reports use of invertase immobilized on glutaraldehyde crosslinked chitosan beads, for continuous inversion of sugarcane juice for an extended period of time.

RESULTS

Complete inversion of clarified sugarcane juice was obtained in a continuous process for 4 days at an optimized flow rate of 0.3 cm3 min−1 and at a room temperature of 303 K. Only 4% decrease was seen in inversion efficiency up to the 7th day. Adsorptive behaviour of invert sugars on chitosan in the column led to a delay in product equilibrium. The immobilized invertase exhibited the maximum rate of reaction at a sucrose concentration of 0.5 mol dm−3 showing good stability in the pH range 3.0 to 6.0 and temperature range 30 °C to 60 °C.

CONCLUSIONS

The covalent immobilization of invertase on chitosan beads enhanced enzyme stability and as a result, the enzyme became more resistant to denaturation during storage and reuse compared with the free enzyme. Thus, better conversion was obtained in the continuous inversion of sugarcane juice for extended periods of time. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Heavy metal capture by autochthonous yeasts from a volcanic influenced environment of Patagonia
Authors: Russo Gabriel , Libkind Diego , Giraudo María Rosa , Delgado Osvaldo Daniel
Published: July 2016

Heavy metals at elevated concentrations are a major threat to agricultural and human health. Typically, human activities tend to release these metals to the environment in aqueous solutions, generating high levels of pollution due to the mobility of the heavy metals. The aim of the present work was to assess heavy metal tolerance in yeasts isolated from Río Agrio − Lake Caviahue volcanic acidic aquatic environment and to evaluate the capacity of selected strains to capture metals in acidic culture media conditions. The ability of three yeast species, Cryptococcus agrionensis, Cryptococcus sp. 2, and Coniochaeta fodinicola, to tolerate and capture metals in live cultures has been evaluated. These three yeast species showed high tolerance to low pH and elevated concentrations of metals, thus implying their autochthonous status. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for growth obtained for these isolates showed elevated tolerance to the six heavy metals evaluated and were significantly higher than those registered for other microorganisms. C. agrionensis was able to capture 15.80 mg (g biomass)−1 of Cu2+ (MIC: 0.22 g L−1), Cryptococcus sp. 2 was able to capture 36.25 and 65.28 mg (g biomass)−1 of Ni2+ and Zn2+, respectively (MIC: 0.56 and 1.68, respectively), and C. fodinicola was able to capture 67.11 mg (g biomass)−1 of Zn2+ (MIC: 3.75). This work reported the ability of yeasts to capture metals in acidic conditions for the first time. We hope that it represents the step‐stone for future researches in the ability and metabolism of yeasts form acidic aquatic environment related to metal tolerance and capture.
Measurements of Propanal Ignition Delay Times and Species Time Histories Using Shock Tube and Laser Absorption
Authors: Koroglu Batikan , Vasu Subith S.
Published: July 2016

Propanal is an aldehyde intermediate formed during the hydrocarbon combustion process. Potentially, the use of oxygenated biofuels reduces greenhouse gas emissions; however, it also results in increased toxic aldehyde by‐products, mainly formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, and propanal. These aldehydes are carcinogenic, and therefore it is important to understand their formation and destruction pathways in combustion systems. In this work, ignition delay times were measured behind reflected shock waves for stoichiometric (Φ = 1) mixtures of propanal (CH3CH2CHO) and oxygen (O2) in argon bath gas at temperatures of 1129 K < T < 1696 K and pressures around 1 and 6 atm. Measurements were conducted using the kinetics shock tube facility at the University of Central Florida. Current results were compared to available data in the literature as well as to the predictions of three propanal combustion kinetic models: Politecnico di Milano (POLIMI), National University of Ireland at Galway, and McGill mechanisms. In addition, a continuous wave‐distributed feedback interband cascade laser centered at 3403.4 nm was used for measuring methane (CH4) and propanal time histories behind the reflected shock waves during propanal pyrolysis. Concentration time histories were obtained at temperatures between 1192 and 1388 K near 1 atm. Sensitivity analysis was carried for both ignition delay time and pyrolysis measurements to reveal the important reactions that were crucial to predicting the current experimental results. Adjustments to the POLIMI mechanism were adopted to better match the experimental data. Further research was suggested for the H abstraction reaction rates of propanal. In addition to extending the temperature and pressure region of literature ignition delay times, we provide the first high‐temperature species concentration time histories during propanal pyrolysis.
Photonics for microwave measurements
Authors: Zou Xihua , Lu Bing , Pan Wei , Yan Lianshan , Stöhr Andreas , Yao Jianping
Published: July 2016

As an emerging topic, photonic‐assisted microwave measurements with distinct features such as wide frequency coverage, large instantaneous bandwidth, low frequency‐dependent loss, and immunity to electromagnetic interference, have been extensively studied recently. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in photonic microwave measurements, including microwave spectrum analysis, instantaneous frequency measurement, microwave channelization, Doppler frequency‐shift measurement, angle‐of‐arrival detection, time–frequency analysis, compressive sensing, and phase‐noise measurement. A photonic microwave radar, as a functional measurement system, is also reviewed. The performance of the photonic measurement solutions is evaluated and compared with the electronic solutions. Future prospects using photonic integrated circuits and software‐defined architectures to further improve the measurement performance are also discussed.

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Multifractional microablative laser combined with spacially modulated ablative (SMA) technology for facial skin rejuvenation
Authors: Hersant Barbara , SidAhmed‐Mezi Mounia , Chossat Adrien , Meningaud Jean Paul
Published: July 2016

Background and Objective

Due to the increasing demand for aesthetic procedures, especially facial aesthetic surgery, a new laser technology has been developed for facial skin rejuvenation and wrinkle treatment. The aim of this study was to objectively and subjectively assess the clinical efficacy and safety of Erbium:YAG laser combined with Spatially Modulated Ablation (Er:YAG + SMA) on facial skin rejuvenation.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

Patients with Fitzpatrick skin type's I–IV were prospectively included. Inclusion criteria consisted of having wrinkles and irregular skin texture. All patients underwent two Er:YAG + SMA sessions (1 month apart) to stimulate tissue regeneration. Er:YAG laser emits wavelength at 2,940 nm and when combined with SMA, a resonance effect is produced in the dermis to promote tissue regeneration. Facial skin elasticity and firmness were objectively assessed by Cutometer at baseline and month 6 (M6). Aesthetic improvement was qualitatively assessed using digital photographs. Patient satisfaction with regard to their facial appearance was self‐assessed using the validated FACE‐Q scale and the patient‐perceived age VAS scale at baseline, M1, and M6. Side effects were investigated after each session.

Results

Thirty‐four patients were included, 50% (18 patients) had Fitzpatrick skin type III and 41% (14 patients) were smokers. Skin elasticity indices were significantly improved: from 0.335 ± 0.015 at baseline to 0.387 ± 0.021 at M6 (P = 0.05*) for R5 (net elasticity). Skin firmness was assessed through R7 (biological elasticity) and R6 (viscoelastic ratio) at baseline and M6: a significant increase from 0.235 ± 0.01 to 0.2709 ± 0.009 (P < 0.03**) and decrease from 0.486 ± 0.022 to 0.3918 ± 0.023 (P < 0.006***) were respectively observed. A negative value for R6 corresponded to an improved skin condition. The FACE‐Q scores were significantly increased from 39.4 ± 6.7 at baseline to 45.4 ± 9.1 at M1 (P < 0.006***) and 50.4 ± 9.8 at M6 (P < 0.0001***), reflecting wrinkle reduction and enhanced rejuvenation. According to the age appraisal VAS scale, results showed that patients felt younger by −2.92 years at M1 (P < 0.0001***) and −4.13 years (P < 0.0001***) at M6. No adverse reaction was reported.

Conclusion

The Er:YAG + SMA technology offers an effective and safe treatment alternative for facial skin rejuvenation. It reduces the recovery time compared to conventional lasers such as carbon dioxide laser. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:78–83, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neurodegeneration With Brain Iron Accumulation (NBIA) Syndromes Presenting With Late‐Onset Craniocervical Dystonia: An Illustrative Case Series‎
Authors: Brugger Florian , Kägi Georg , Pandolfo Massimo , Mencacci Niccolò E. , Batla Amit , Wiethoff Sarah , Bhatia Kailash P.
Published: July 2016

View Supplementary Video 1

Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) mostly has its disease onset in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood and usually presents with predominant bulbar and axial dystonia along with signs such as spasticity, indicating an involvement of additional neurological systems. Because of their early onset and presentation with a combination of dystonia plus other neurological symptoms, they are usually not considered as differential diagnosis for late‐onset isolated (idiopathic) craniocervical dystonia. In this case series, we present 4 genetically proven cases of NBIA (including neuroferritinopathy, pantothenate‐kinase‐associated neurodegeneration, and aceruloplasminemia) with late disease onset, which resembled isolated adult‐onset craniocervical dystonia at disease onset. We also want to highlight the importance of taking NBIA into consideration when dealing with putatively isolated late‐onset dystonias and of picking up unusual signs at later stages of the disease.
Systematic analysis of clinical deficits in unilateral hypoglossal nerve palsy
Authors: Yu Yeyao Joe , Warman Chardon Jodi , Bourque Pierre R.
Published: July 2016

Introduction

The clinical characteristics of unilateral hypoglossal neuropathy have not been systematically analyzed.

Methods

We documented subjective abnormalities of speech and swallowing, and photographed 9 specific tongue movements and positions. Objective deficits were scored independently by 2 examiners.

Results

Eight patients were analyzed. Some degree of dysarthria and dysphagia was noticed by 7 and 8 patients, respectively, mostly resolving within a few months. In all subjects, there was contralateral deviation of the tongue at rest and ipsilateral deviation upon forward protrusion. Furthermore, 7 of 8 patients had deficits in using the tongue to indent the ipsilateral cheek and cover the upper lip.

Conclusions

Unilateral hypoglossal nerve palsy produces mostly subtle and transient patient symptoms, even when complete. Beyond the classic sign of ipsilateral deviation on protrusion, reliable signs are contralateral deviation at rest, paresis of ipsilateral movement inside the mouth, and paresis of elevation of the tongue tip. Muscle Nerve 54: 1055–1058, 2016
Nonlinear pricing with consumer satiation
Authors: Xiong Hui , Chen Ying‐Ju
Published: July 2016

In various scenarios, consumers may become satiated with products, and the degree of satiation is directly associated with their prior experiences. Confronted with consumer satiation, the seller is unable to either identify consumers who have a higher likelihood of being satiated ex ante or distinguish satiated from non‐satiated consumers ex post. Therefore, the seller should address dynamic selling, valuation uncertainty, and quantity decisions, all of which are important operational issues. We consider a two‐period problem in which consumer types are influenced by their prior consumption experiences. Faced with these consumers, the seller intends to optimize quantities and adjust the prices of the products in each period to maximize revenue. We find that the seller may reduce ex ante production quantity as some consumers become satiated. Moreover, the ex ante quantity is first decreasing and then increasing with regard to the satiation rate. Furthermore, two‐period information asymmetries may provide a rationale for upward distortion in quantity when consumer preferences are highly sensitive to first‐period consumption. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 386–400, 2016
Patient/parent perspectives on genomic tumor profiling of pediatric solid tumors: The Individualized Cancer Therapy (iCat) experience
Authors: Marron Jonathan M. , DuBois Steven G. , Bender Julia Glade , Kim AeRang , Crompton Brian D. , Meyer Stephanie C. , Janeway Katherine A. , Mack Jennifer W.
Published: July 2016

Background

Genomic tumor profiling (GTP) plays an important role in the care of many adult cancer patients. Its role in pediatric oncology is still evolving, with only a subset of patients currently expected to receive clinically significant results. Little is known about perspectives of pediatric oncology patients/parents on GTP.

Procedure

We surveyed individuals who previously underwent GTP through the iCat (Individualized Cancer Therapy) pilot study of molecular profiling in children with relapsed, refractory, and high‐risk solid tumors at four pediatric cancer centers. Following return of profiling results, a cross‐sectional survey was offered to the patient, if he or she was 18 years or older at enrollment, or parent, if he or she was under 18 years of age. Forty‐five surveys (85% response) were completed.

Results

Eighty‐nine percent (39/44) of respondents reported hoping participation would help find cures for future patients, while 59% (26/44) hoped it would increase their/their child's chance of cure. Most had few concerns about GTP, but 12% (5/43) worried they would learn their/their child's cancer was less treatable or more aggressive than previously thought. Sixty‐four percent (29/45) reported feeling their participation had helped others and 44% (20/45) felt they had helped themselves/their own child, despite only one substudy subject receiving targeted therapy matched to GTP findings. Fifty‐four percent (21/39) wished to receive all available profiling data, including findings unrelated to cancer and of unclear significance.

Conclusions

Participants in pediatric GTP research perceive benefits of GTP to themselves and others, but expectations of personal benefits of GTP may exceed actual positive impact. These issues warrant consideration during consent discussions about GTP research participation.
Otologic manifestations of Fanconi anemia and other inherited bone marrow failure syndromes
Authors: Kalejaiye Adedoyin , Giri Neelam , Brewer Carmen C. , Zalewski Christopher K. , King Kelly A. , Adams Charleen D. , Rosenberg Philip S. , Kim H. Jeffrey , Alter Blanche P.
Published: July 2016

Background

The inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFSs) are diverse disorders with syndrome‐specific features; their otologic and audiologic manifestations have not been well described. Our objective was to characterize these in patients with Fanconi anemia (FA), dyskeratosis congenita (DC), Diamond–Blackfan anemia (DBA), and Shwachman–Diamond syndrome (SDS), and to determine the association between physical findings and hearing loss.

Methods

Patients with an IBMFS underwent comprehensive clinical and laboratory evaluations and testing for syndrome‐specific gene mutations. Hearing loss was measured by pure tone audiometry and otologic abnormalities by otomicroscopy.

Results

Patients included 33 with FA, 37 with DC, 32 with DBA, and nine with SDS. Hearing loss was most frequent in patients with FA (45%) and DBA (14%). The most common type of hearing loss in FA was conductive (65%). Absent or hypoplastic radius, noted in 21% of the patients with FA, was associated with hearing loss in all cases. Otomicroscopy was abnormal in 66% of patients with FA. Characteristic ear abnormalities included small tympanic membrane (66%), malformed malleus (57%), aberrant tympanic bony island (48%), narrow external auditory canal (EAC) (32%), and abnormal course of chorda tympani (34%). Ear malformations were almost always associated with hearing loss. Hearing loss was rare in patients with DC and SDS.

Conclusions

FA is the major IBMFS with associated hearing loss, which is most commonly conductive. Radial hypoplasia or aplasia and characteristic congenital ear malformations are associated with hearing loss in patients with FA. Recognition of these syndrome‐specific abnormalities should lead to earlier management of hearing loss.
Religious beliefs and mammography intention: findings from a qualitative study of a diverse group of American Muslim women
Authors: Padela Aasim I. , Vu Milkie , Muhammad Hadiyah , Marfani Farha , Mallick Saleha , Peek Monica , Quinn Michael T.
Published: July 2016

Objective

Studies suggest that American Muslim women underutilize mammography. While religion has a strong influence upon Muslim health behaviors, scant research has examined how religion‐related beliefs inform Muslim women's intention for mammography. Our study identifies and examines such beliefs.

Methods

Muslim women aged 40 years and older sampled from mosques participated in focus groups and individual interviews. Drawing upon the theory of planned behavior, interviews elicited salient behavioral, normative, and control beliefs regarding mammography and the influence of Islam upon screening intention.

Results

Fifty women participated in 6 focus groups and 19 in semistructured interviews, with near‐equal numbers of African American, South Asian, and Arab Muslims. Forty‐two percent of participants had not had a mammogram within the past 2 years. Across differences in race/ethnicity and mammography status, women voiced four religion‐related salient beliefs that inform mammography intention: (1) the perceived duty to care for one's health, (2) religious practices as methods of disease prevention, (3) fatalistic notions about health, and (4) comfort with gender concordant health care.

Conclusions

Religious beliefs influence decisions to pursue mammography across the ethnic/racial diversity of Muslim women. Notions about duty to God and the stewardship of one's body appear to enhance mammography intention. Theocentric notions of cure and illness and varied views regarding personal agency also inform decisional frames that impact mammography intention. Given the salience of religion among our participants, religiously tailored messages in interventions have the potential to enhance cancer screening.
Costs and benefits of insecticide and foliar nutrient applications to huanglongbing‐infected citrus trees
Authors: Tansey James A , Vanaclocha Pilar , Monzo Cesar , Jones Moneen , Stansly Philip A
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND

The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), vectors Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, which causes huanglongbing (HLB). In Florida, HLB incidence is approaching 100% statewide. Yields have decreased and production costs have increased since 2005. Despite this, some growers are maintaining a level of production and attribute this in part to aggressive psyllid control and foliar nutrition sprays. However, the value of these practices is debated. A replicated field study was initiated in 2008 in a commercial block of ‘Valencia’ sweet orange trees to evaluate individual and combined effects of foliar nutrition and ACP control. Results from 2012–2016 are presented.

RESULTS

Insecticides consistently reduced ACP populations. However, neither insecticide nor nutrition applications significantly influenced HLB incidence or PCR copy number in mature trees. In reset trees, infection continued to build and reached 100% in all treatments. Greatest yields (kg fruit ha−1) and production (kg solids ha−1) were obtained from trees receiving both insecticides and foliar nutrition.

CONCLUSION

All treatments resulted in production and financial gains relative to controls. However, material and application costs associated with the nutrition component offset these gains, resulting in lesser benefits than insecticides applied alone. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
On the efficiency of combined ion implantation for the creation of near‐surface nitrogen‐vacancy centers in diamond
Authors: Fávaro de Oliveira Felipe , Momenzadeh Seyed Ali , Antonov Denis , Fedder Helmut , Denisenko Andrej , Wrachtrup Jörg
Published: July 2016

The efficiency of co‐implantation of different ion species to generate near‐surface nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) centers in diamond is analyzed by comparing the areal densities of NV centers corresponding to various experimental conditions. In particular, the effect of helium (6keV ) and carbon (10keV ) co‐implantation within a wide range of ion fluences are studied. The total density of NV centers by co‐implantation are shown to be basically a sum of the nitrogen‐induced NV centers and those activated from residual nitrogen impurities present in the substrate (approximately 1ppb) by the excess of vacancies at the carbon‐ and helium‐induced ion tracks. Such low efficiency of the co‐implantation events is discussed considering the model of local clusters of vacancies at each implantation‐induced ion track. This is also experimentally supported by the presence of a photoluminescence (PL) background related to radiation‐induced defects measured within all implanted areas with high carbon and helium ion fluences. Further limits set by the annealing temperature are also discussed.
Efficient synthesis and tailoring of magnetic and dielectric properties of Pb‐free perovskite‐like ABX3 metal‐organic frameworks
Authors: Abhyankar Nandita , Lee Minseong , Foley Megan , Choi Eun Sang , Strouse Geoffrey , Kroto Harold W. , Dalal Naresh S.
Published: July 2016

Perovskite‐like metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are hybrid materials of high interest for their potential in information storage technology, as Pb‐free substitutes for the widely used lead zirconate titanate (PZT) family of multiferroics. We report here a new, microwave‐assisted method of synthesis for perovskite‐like MOFs, which exploits the advantages of rapid and volumetric heating by microwaves in order to achieve synthesis within minutes, compared to days required by previously reported methods. The preliminary results demonstrate a broad control over the size and morphology of the products, by minor changes in the reaction conditions. An investigation of the effects of size and morphology on the magnetic and dielectric properties is presented here.

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(© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Simulation of Climate Change Effects on Hydropower Operations in Mountain Headwater Lakes, New Zealand
Authors: Caruso B. S. , King R. , Newton S. , Zammit C.
Published: July 2016

Future climate change is expected to have wide ranging impacts on the hydrology of mountain rivers because of changes in the magnitudes and timing of rain and snow, as well as the significant spatial variability of topography and other catchment characteristics. In New Zealand, hydropower generation in mountain basins is the primary source of electricity and renewable energy resource in the country. The goal of this study was to simulate and evaluate the potential effects of climate change on hydropower operations in three mountain headwater lakes (lakes Pukaki, Tekapo, and Ohau) in the Upper Waitaki Basin of the central South Island. The TopNet hydrological model was used to estimate catchment runoff and lake inflows based on the 1990s (baseline), 2040s, and 2090s periods. Average temperature and precipitation results from an ensemble of 12 Global Circulation Models based on the IPCC 4th Assessment Report A1B emissions scenario were used as input to TopNet. Linked hydropower lake water balance models were developed and used to simulate hydropower operations including discharge, hydroelectric power generation, and spill based on TopNet future inflow predictions, projected electricity demand, and lake storage and outflow characteristics. Our results indicate that annual lake inflows increase under future climate scenarios, but that there are seasonal effects with increasing flows in winter and early spring, and summer flows decreasing somewhat as a result of increasing temperatures and greater winter rain with less snow. Although overall hydropower generation can increase with the increasing flows and projected electricity demand, the seasonal changes result in demand being met in winter and spring with potential shortfalls in summer and autumn. Maximum annual generation can be achieved for some generating stations, but generation will decrease at other stations and more spill will likely be required through the 2090s because of the seasonal changes. Therefore flood and drought risk could also increase for downstream areas. Results also indicate that by the 2090s electricity demand could exceed generation capacity for these headwater lakes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.