bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Balloon‐Embedded Sensors Withstanding Extreme Multiaxial Stretching and Global Bending Mechanical Stress: Towards Environmental and Security Monitoring
Authors: Cánovas Rocío , Parrilla Marc , Mercier Patrick , Andrade Francisco Javier , Wang Joseph
Published: May 2016

Balloon‐embedded stretchable sensors, undergoing a simultaneous equal‐multiaxial stretching along global bending motion, have been characterized and tested towards environmental and security monitoring missions. Stress‐enduring inks are printed on the curvilinear surface of conventional rubber balloons and their resilience to extreme mechanical deformations, associated with repeated inflation and deflation cycles, is investigated. Unlike early studies of mechanical deformed electrochemical devices—performed with linear stretching or bending—the present balloon‐embedded sensors undergo simultaneous multidimensional strains without any alteration of its electrochemical properties. Careful attention is given to the elastomeric, electrical, and electrochemical properties of the new expandable composite inks for addressing the extreme demands of the inflated spherical dynamic balloon substrate. The influence of the balloon inflation and corresponding multiaxial mechanical stress upon the electrochemical behavior is modeled analytically. The electrochemical detection of relevant military and homemade explosives in liquid and vapor phases is used to demonstrate the functionality and potential of the new balloon sensor system to diverse environmental and defense missions. Negligible changes in the response to explosive compounds are observed following multiple repeated inflation and deflation cycles, involving over 400% increase of the balloon area.
Lithium Fluoride Based Electron Contacts for High Efficiency n‐Type Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells
Authors: Bullock James , Zheng Peiting , Jeangros Quentin , Tosun Mahmut , Hettick Mark , Sutter‐Fella Carolin M. , Wan Yimao , Allen Thomas , Yan Di , Macdonald Daniel , De Wolf Stefaan , Hessler‐Wyser Aïcha , Cuevas Andres , Javey Ali
Published: May 2016

Low‐resistance contact to lightly doped n‐type crystalline silicon (c‐Si) has long been recognized as technologically challenging due to the pervasive Fermi‐level pinning effect. This has hindered the development of certain devices such as n‐type c‐Si solar cells made with partial rear contacts (PRC) directly to the lowly doped c‐Si wafer. Here, a simple and robust process is demonstrated for achieving mΩ cm2 scale contact resistivities on lightly doped n‐type c‐Si via a lithium fluoride/aluminum contact. The realization of this low‐resistance contact enables the fabrication of a first‐of‐its‐kind high‐efficiency n‐type PRC solar cell. The electron contact of this cell is made to less than 1% of the rear surface area, reducing the impact of contact recombination and optical losses, permitting a power conversion efficiency of greater than 20% in the initial proof‐of‐concept stage. The implementation of the LiFx/Al contact mitigates the need for the costly high‐temperature phosphorus diffusion, typically implemented in such a cell design to nullify the issue of Fermi level pinning at the electron contact. The timing of this demonstration is significant, given the ongoing transition from p‐type to n‐type c‐Si solar cell architectures, together with the increased adoption of advanced PRC device structures within the c‐Si photovoltaic industry.
A validated case definition for chronic rhinosinusitis in administrative data: a Canadian perspective
Authors: Rudmik Luke , Xu Yuan , Kukec Edward , Liu Mingfu , Dean Stafford , Quan Hude
Published: May 2016

Background

Pharmacoepidemiological research using administrative databases has become increasingly popular for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS); however, without a validated case definition the cohort evaluated may be inaccurate resulting in biased and incorrect outcomes. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a generalizable administrative database case definition for CRS using International Classification of Diseases, 9th edition (ICD‐9)‐coded claims.

Methods

A random sample of 100 patients with a guideline‐based diagnosis of CRS and 100 control patients were selected and then linked to a Canadian physician claims database from March 31, 2010, to March 31, 2015. The proportion of CRS ICD‐9–coded claims (473.x and 471.x) for each of these 200 patients were reviewed and the validity of 7 different ICD‐9–based coding algorithms was evaluated.

Results

The CRS case definition of ≥2 claims with a CRS ICD‐9 code (471.x or 473.x) within 2 years of the reference case provides a balanced validity with a sensitivity of 77% and specificity of 79%. Applying this CRS case definition to the claims database produced a CRS cohort of 51,000 patients with characteristics that were consistent with published demographics and rates of comorbid asthma, allergic rhinitis, and depression.

Conclusion

This study has validated several coding algorithms; based on the results a case definition of ≥2 physician claims of CRS (ICD‐9 of 471.x or 473.x) within 2 years provides an optimal level of validity. Future studies will need to validate this administrative case definition from different health system perspectives and using larger retrospective chart reviews from multiple providers.
The spectrum of structural and functional imaging abnormalities in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Bernhardt Boris C. , Bernasconi Andrea , Liu Min , Hong Seok‐Jun , Caldairou Benoit , Goubran Maged , Guiot Marie C. , Hall Jeff , Bernasconi Neda
Published: May 2016

Objective

Although most temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients show marked hippocampal sclerosis (HS) upon pathological examination, 40% present with no significant cell loss but gliotic changes only. To evaluate effects of hippocampal pathology on brain structure and functional networks, we aimed at dissociating multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics in patients with HS (TLE‐HS) and those with gliosis only (TLE‐G).

Methods

In 20 TLE‐HS, 19 TLE‐G, and 25 healthy controls, we carried out a novel MRI‐based hippocampal subfield surface analysis that integrated volume, T2 signal intensity, and diffusion markers with seed‐based hippocampal functional connectivity.

Results

Compared to controls, TLE‐HS presented with marked ipsilateral atrophy, T2 hyperintensity, and mean diffusivity increases across all subfields, whereas TLE‐G presented with dentate gyrus hypertrophy, focal increases in T2 intensity and mean diffusivity. Multivariate assessment confirmed a more marked ipsilateral load of anomalies across all subfields in TLE‐HS, whereas anomalies in TLE‐G were restricted to the subiculum. A between‐cohort dissociation was independently suggested by resting‐state functional connectivity analysis, revealing marked hippocampal decoupling from anterior and posterior default mode hubs in TLE‐HS, whereas TLE‐G did not differ from controls. Back‐projection connectivity analysis from cortical targets revealed consistently decreased network embedding across all subfields in TLE‐HS, while changes in TLE‐G were limited to the subiculum. Hippocampal disconnectivity strongly correlated to T2 hyperintensity and marginally to atrophy.

Interpretation

Multimodal MRI reveals diverging structural and functional connectivity profiles across the TLE spectrum. Pathology‐specific modulations of large‐scale functional brain networks lend novel evidence for a close interplay of structural and functional disruptions in focal epilepsy. Ann Neurol 2016;80:142–153
Chemistry and Biology in the Biosynthesis and Action of Thyroid Hormones
Authors: Mondal Santanu , Raja Karuppusamy , Schweizer Ulrich , Mugesh Govindasamy
Published: May 2016

Thyroid hormones (THs) are secreted by the thyroid gland. They control lipid, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism, heart rate, neural development, as well as cardiovascular, renal, and brain functions. The thyroid gland mainly produces l‐thyroxine (T4) as a prohormone, and 5′‐deiodination of T4 by iodothyronine deiodinases generates the nuclear receptor binding hormone T3. In this Review, we discuss the basic aspects of the chemistry and biology as well as recent advances in the biosynthesis of THs in the thyroid gland, plasma transport, and internalization of THs in their target organs, in addition to the deiodination and various other enzyme‐mediated metabolic pathways of THs. We also discuss thyroid hormone receptors and their mechanism of action to regulate gene expression, as well as various thyroid‐related disorders and the available treatments.
Valorization of antioxidants extracted from olive mill wastewater
Authors: Aissa Imen , Kharrat Nadia , Aloui Fatma , Sellami Mohamed , Bouaziz Mohamed , Gargouri Youssef
Published: May 2016

Antioxidants are highly important gradients used to preserve cosmetic products and reduce the effect of oxidative stress on the skin. The present work explores the possibility of using phenolic compounds of olive mill wastewater (OMW) as effective alternatives to the commercial antioxidants used in cosmetic formulations deemed by their allergic and carcinogenic effects. Esterification of tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol extracted from OMW with various fatty acids was conducted using Novozyme 435 lipase as a biocatalyst. Upon synthesis, butyrate, caprate, laurate, and palmitate tyrosyl and hydroxytyrosyl esters were isolated and evaluated for their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Results showed that laurate derivatives are the most efficient in preventing lipid oxidation and inhibiting growth of pathogenic strains. In the prospective of industrial use, laurate tyrosyl and hydroxytyrosyl derivatives were incorporated in a formulation of moisturizer to substitute the commercial antioxidant butylated hydroxyltoluene. Oleuropein, extracted from olive leaves powder, was also tested as an antiaging ingredient in cosmetic formulations. The evaluation of physicochemical, microbiological, and sensorial properties of the new cosmetic products indicated that oleuropein and lipophilic derivatives do not affect the properties of the standard formulation. Oleuropein and lipophilic derivatives can be added as active ingredients to stabilize cosmetic preparations.
Use of linear programming to ‐optimize the social, −environmental, and economic impacts of using woody feedstocks for pellet and ‐torrefied pellet production
Authors: Radics Robert I. , Dasmohapatra Sudipta , Kelley Stephen S.
Published: May 2016

Linear programming was used to optimize the economic, environmental, and social impacts of forest biomass used for bioenergy production. Sixteen scenarios (combinations of feedstocks, products, markets, and end use) were studied. Two feedstocks (roundwood and wood residues), two densified bioenergy products (white pellet, torrefied pellet), two markets (domestic, international), and two end uses (power generation, district heating) were evaluated. The social, environmental, and economic sustainability attributes were quantified and monetized using peer‐reviewed literature to analyze the trade‐offs. Using the economic criteria alone, the model showed that the best solution was use of 70% roundwood and 30% forest residue feedstock to produce torrefied pellets (TP) sold for district heating in the EU. The model predicts $5.4 million annual profit which is driven by the use of lower cost forest residue feedstocks, and relatively higher prices for the heating market in the EU. Inclusion of all three sustainability attributes led to a different optimized solution. TP produced from roundwood and sold to the EU market for heating was the optimum, due to the social benefits derived from increased local income to landowners and reduced shipping costs. It also had added benefits of reductions in emissions across the transportation system on an energy basis. TP consistently had higher social benefits than WP due to the need for more biomass per unit of final product, and providing more local jobs and income from feedstock production. The increasing costs of carbon emissions increased the environmental benefits of TP compared to WP or coal. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
LC–MS/MS determination and interaction of the main components from the traditional Chinese drug pair Danshen–Sanqi based on rat intestinal absorption
Authors: Huang Juan , Zhang Jing , Bai Junqi , Xu Wen , Wu Dinghong , Qiu Xiaohui
Published: May 2016

The Chinese drug pair Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza)–Sanqi (Panax ginseng) has been widely used for centuries treating various cardiovascular disorders, among which salvianlic acid B (SAB), ginsenoside Rg1 (GRg1), ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) and notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1) were identified as the major components. The present study focused on the interaction between these components based on investigating their intestinal absorption using the Ussing chamber technique. The concentrations of SAB, GRg1, GRb1 and NGR1 in the intestinal perfusate were determined by LC–MS/MS method, followed by Q (accumulative quantity) and Papp (apparent permeability). The results showed that all these four main components displayed very low permeabilities, which implied their poor absorption in the rat intestine. The intestinal absorption level of SAB displayed regioselectivity: duodenum < jejunum < ileum. However, there was no significant difference in the absorption of GRg1 and GRb1 in the different segments. The Q and Papp values of the four main components were obviously increased in jejunum when co‐administrating Danshen extract with Sanqi extract. In conclusion, compatibility of Danshen and Sanqi could remarkably improve the intestinal absorption level of the main components in the pair. To some extent, this might explain the nature of the compatibility mechanisms of composite formulae in TCMs.
Determination of chloramphenicol in biological matrices by solid‐phase membrane micro‐tip extraction and capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Hussain Afzal , Alajmi Mohammed F. , Ali Imran
Published: May 2016

Solid‐phase membrane micro‐tip extraction (SPMMTE) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) methods were developed and validated for analysis of chloramphenicol in human plasma and urine samples. Iron composite nanoparticles were prepared using green technology. CE was carried out using a silica capillary (60 cm × 50 μm i.d.), phosphate buffer (50 mm, 8.0 pH)–acetonitrile (95:5, v/v) as the background electrolyte, 10 kV voltage, 280 nm detection, 20 s injection time and 27 ± 1°C temperature. Frusemide was used as an internal standard. The values of migration time, electrophoretic mobility, electrophoretic velocity and theoretical plates of chloramphenicol were 12.254 min, 4.44 × 10, 7.41 × 10 and 11,227. The limits of detection and quantitation of chloramphenicol were 0.1 and 1.0 μg/mL. Recovery of chloramphenicol in the standard solution was 95%. Solid‐phase membrane micro‐tip extraction and capillary electrophoresis methods may be used to analyze chloramphenicol in human plasma and urine samples of any patient.
Does Notch play a tumor suppressor role across diverse squamous cell carcinomas?
Authors: Zhang Min , Biswas Sangita , Qin Xin , Gong Wenrong , Deng Wenbing , Yu Hongjun
Published: May 2016

The role of Notch pathway in tumorigenesis is highly variable. It can be tumor suppressive or pro‐oncogenic, typically depending on the cellular context. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a cancer of the squamous cell, which can occur in diverse human tissues. SCCs are one of the most frequent human malignancies for which the pathologic mechanisms remain elusive. Recent genomic analysis of diverse SCCs identified marked levels of mutations in NOTCH1, implicating Notch signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of SCCs. In this review, evidences highlighting NOTCH's role in different types of SCCs are summarized. Moreover, based on accumulating structural information of the NOTCH receptor, the functional consequences of NOTCH1 gene mutations identified from diverse SCCs are analyzed, emphasizing loss of function of Notch in these cancers. Finally, we discuss the convergent view on an intriguing possibility that Notch may function as tumor suppressor in SCCs across different tissues. These mechanistic insights into Notch signaling pathways will help to guide the research of SCCs and development of therapeutic strategies for these cancers.
Compliance with adjuvant capecitabine in patients with stage II and III colon cancer: comparison of administrative versus medical record data
Authors: Amlani Adam , Kumar Aalok , Ruan Jenny Y. , Cheung Winson Y.
Published: May 2016

We aimed to examine the frequency of treatment delays as well as the reasons and appropriateness of such delays in early stage colon cancer patients receiving adjuvant capecitabine by comparing data from pharmacy dispensing versus medical records. Patients diagnosed with stage II or III colon cancer from 2008 to 2012 and who received at least two cycle of adjuvant capecitabine were reviewed for treatment delays. Data from pharmacy dispensing and patient medical records were compared. Multivariate regression models were constructed to identify predictors of treatment delays. A total of 697 patients were analyzed: median age was 70 years (IQR 30–89), 394 (57%) were men, 598 (86%) reported Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 0/1, and 191 (27%) had stage II disease. In this study cohort, 396 (57%) patients experienced at least 1 treatment delay during their adjuvant treatment. Upon medical record review, half of treatment delays identified using pharmacy administrative data were actually attributable to side effects, of which over 90% were considered clinically appropriate for patients to withhold rather than to continue the drug. The most prevalent side effects were hand‐foot syndrome and diarrhea which occurred in 176 (44%) and 67 (17%) patients, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed a statistically significant association between stage and inappropriate treatment delays whereby patients with stage II disease were more likely to experience drug noncompliance (OR 1.79, 95% CI: 1.27–2.53, P < 0.001) than those with stage III disease. Compliance with adjuvant capecitabine was reasonable. Adherence ascertained from pharmacy administrative data differs significantly from that obtained from medical records.
Racial disparities in renal cell carcinoma: a single‐payer healthcare experience
Authors: Mafolasire Abiodun , Yao Xiaopan , Nawaf Cayce , Suarez‐Sarmiento Alfredo , Chow Wong‐Ho , Zhao Wei , Corley Douglas , Hofmann Jonathan N. , Purdue Mark , Adeniran Adebowale J. , Shuch Brian
Published: May 2016

Significant racial disparities in survival for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) exist between white and black patients. Differences in access to care and comorbidities are possible contributors. To investigate if racial disparities persist when controlling for access to care, we analyzed data from a single‐payer healthcare system. As part of a case–control study within the Kaiser Permanente Northern California system, pathologic and clinical records were obtained for RCC cases (2152 white, 293 black) diagnosed from 1998 to 2008. Patient demographics, comorbidities, tumor characteristics, and treatment status were compared. Overall survival and disease‐specific survival (DSS) were calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method. A Cox proportion hazards model estimated the independent associations of race, comorbidity, and clinicopathologic variables with DSS. We found that compared to white patients, black patients were diagnosed at a younger age (median 62 vs. 66 years, P < 0.001), were more likely to have papillary RCC (15% vs. 5.2%, P < 0.001), and had similar rates of surgical treatment (78.8% vs. 77.9%, P = 0.764). On multivariate analysis, advanced American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage, lack of surgical treatment, larger tumor size, and higher grade were predictors of worse DSS. Race was not an independent predictor of survival. Therefore, we conclude that within a single healthcare system, differences in characteristics of black and white patients with RCC persist; black patients had different comorbidities, were younger, and had decreased tumor stage. However, unlike other series, race was not an independent predictor of DSS, suggesting that survival differences in large registries may result from barriers to healthcare access and/or comorbidity rather than disease biology.
Role of DUSP1/MKP1 in tumorigenesis, tumor progression and therapy
Authors: Shen Jiliang , Zhang Yaping , Yu Hong , Shen Bo , Liang Yuelong , Jin Renan , Liu Xiaolong , Shi Liang , Cai Xiujun
Published: May 2016

Dual‐specificity phosphatase‐1 (DUSP1/MKP1), as a member of the threonine‐tyrosine dual‐specificity phosphatase family, was first found in cultured murine cells. The molecular mechanisms of DUSP1‐mediated extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinases (ERKs) dephosphorylation have been subsequently identified by studies using gene knockout mice and gene silencing technology. As a protein phosphatase, DUSP1 also downregulates p38 MAPKs and JNKs signaling through directly dephosphorylating threonine and tyrosine. It has been detected that DUSP1 is involved in various functions, including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in normal cells. In various human cancers, abnormal expression of DUSP1 was observed which was associated with prognosis of tumor patients. Further studies have revealed its role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Besides, DUSP1 has been found to play a role in tumor chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and biotherapy. In this review, we will focus on the function and mechanism of DUSP1 in tumor cells and tumor treatment.
Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of Dithiocarbonates under Ambient and Solvent‐Free Conditions
Authors: Diebler Johannes , Spannenberg Anke , Werner Thomas
Published: May 2016

Herein, we report on the utilization of readily available lithium tert‐butoxide as an efficient catalyst for the addition of carbon disulfide to terminal and internal epoxides under ambient conditions. Notably, the reaction proceeds regio‐ and stereoselectively. By applying the optimized conditions, 14 terminal and internal epoxides were converted. The desired cyclic dithiocarbonates were isolated in yields up to 95 % after simple filtration over silica. NMR spectroscopy experiments to identify the mode of activation were performed, and they indicated activation of carbon disulfide by the catalyst. The reaction of cis‐2,3‐butyleneoxide gave only the trans‐dithiocarbonate, whereas the conversion of (R)‐propylen oxide gave the respective thiocarbonate stereoselectively as one enantiomer (>99 % ee) in 87 % yield.
The Origin of Anti‐Markovnikov Regioselectivity in Alkene Hydroamination Reactions Catalyzed by [Rh(DPEphos)]+
Authors: Couce‐Rios Almudena , Lledós Agustí , Ujaque Gregori
Published: May 2016

The development of regioselective anti‐Markovnikov alkene's hydroamination is a long‐standing goal in catalysis. The [Rh(COD)(DPEphos)]+ complex is the most general and regioselective group 9 catalyst for such a process. The reaction mechanism for intermolecular hydroamination of alkenes catalyzed by [Rh(DPEphos)]+ complex is analyzed by means of DFT calculations. Hydroamination (alkene vs. amine activation routes) as well as oxidative amination pathways are analyzed. According to the computational results the operating mechanism can be generally described by alkene coordination, amine nucleophilic addition, proton transfer through the metal center and reductive elimination steps. The mechanism for the formation of the oxidative amination side product goes via a β‐elimination after the nucleophilic addition and metal center protonation steps. The origin of the regioselectivity for the addition process (Markovnikov vs. anti‐Markovnikov additions) is shown to be not charge but orbitally driven. Remarkably, η2 to η1 slippage degree on the alkene coordination mode is directly related to the regioselective outcome.
Reaction Mechanism of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Glutamine Synthetase Using Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics Calculations
Authors: Moreira Cátia , Ramos Maria J. , Fernandes Pedro Alexandrino
Published: May 2016

This paper is devoted to the understanding of the reaction mechanism of mycobacterium tuberculosis glutamine synthetase (mtGS) with atomic detail, using computational quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) methods at the ONIOM M06‐D3/6‐311++G(2d,2p):ff99SB//B3LYP/6‐31G(d):ff99SB level of theory. The complete reaction undergoes a three‐step mechanism: the spontaneous transfer of phosphate from ATP to glutamate upon ammonium binding (ammonium quickly loses a proton to Asp54), the attack of ammonia on phosphorylated glutamate (yielding protonated glutamine), and the deprotonation of glutamine by the leaving phosphate. This exothermic reaction has an activation free energy of 21.5 kcal mol−1, which is consistent with that described for Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase (15–17 kcal mol−1). The participating active site residues have been identified and their role and energy contributions clarified. This study provides an insightful atomic description of the biosynthetic reaction that takes place in this enzyme, opening doors for more accurate studies for developing new anti‐tuberculosis therapies.
Computational Design of Iron Diphosphine Complexes with Pendant Amines for Hydrogenation of CO2 to Methanol: A Mimic of [NiFe] Hydrogenase
Authors: Chen Xiangyang , Jing Yuanyuan , Yang Xinzheng
Published: May 2016

Inspired by the active‐site structure of the [NiFe] hydrogenase, we have computationally designed the iron complex [PtBu2NtBu2)Fe(CN)2CO] by using an experimentally ready‐made diphosphine ligand with pendant amines for the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the rate‐determining step in the whole catalytic reaction is the direct hydride transfer from the Fe center to the carbon atom in the formic acid with a total free energy barrier of 28.4 kcal mol−1 in aqueous solution. Such a barrier indicates that the designed iron complex is a promising low‐cost catalyst for the formation of methanol from CO2 and H2 under mild conditions. The key role of the diphosphine ligand with pendent amine groups in the reaction is the assistance of the cleavage of H2 by forming a Fe−Hδ−⋅⋅⋅Hδ+−N dihydrogen bond in a fashion of frustrated Lewis pairs.
α,β‐Double Electrophilic Addition of Allene‐1,3‐Dicarboxylic Esters for the Construction of Polysubstituted Furans by KI/tert‐Butyl Hydroperoxide (TBHP)‐Promoted Oxidative Annulation
Authors: Li Hong‐Liang , Wang Yu , Sun Pei‐Pei , Luo Xiaoyan , Shen Zhenlu , Deng Wei‐Ping
Published: May 2016

An unprecedented KI/tert‐butyl hydroperoxide promoted tandem Michael addition/oxidative annulation of allene‐1,3‐dicarboxylic esters and 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds has been developed. This procedure provides a new, facile, and transition‐metal‐free synthetic approach to afford polysubstituted furans in moderate to excellent yields (up to 93 %). This method first establishes a α,β‐double electrophilic reaction mode of allene‐1,3‐dicarboxylic esters to form 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds.
Mechanism and Selectivity of RuII‐ and RhIII‐Catalyzed Oxidative Spiroannulation of Naphthols and Phenols with Alkynes through a C−H Activation/Dearomatization Strategy
Authors: Zhang Mei , Huang Genping
Published: May 2016

The ruthenium‐ and rhodium‐catalyzed oxidative spiroannulation of naphthols and phenols with alkynes was investigated by means of density functional theory calculations. The results show that the reaction undergoes O−H deprotonation/C(sp2)−H bond cleavage through a concerted metalation–deprotonation mechanism/migratory insertion of the alkyne into the M−C bond to deliver the eight‐membered metallacycle. However, the dearomatization through the originally proposed enol–keto tautomerization/C−C reductive elimination was calculated to be kinetically inaccessible. Alternatively, an unusual metallacyclopropene, generated from the isomerization of the eight‐membered metallacycle through rotation of the C−C double bond, was identified as a key intermediate to account for the experimental results. The subsequent C−C coupling between the carbene carbon atom and the carbon atom of the 2‐naphthol/phenol ring was calculated to be relatively facile, leading to the formation of the unexpected dearomatized products. The calculations reproduce quite well the experimentally observed formal [5+2] cycloaddition in the rhodium‐catalyzed oxidative annulation of 2‐vinylphenols with alkynes. The calculations show that compared with the case of 2‐alkenylphenols, the presence of conjugation effects and less steric repulsion between the phenol ring and the vinyl moiety make the competing reductive oxyl migration become dominant, which enables the selectivity switch from the spiroannulation to the formal [5+2] cycloaddition.
ChemInform Abstract: Anomalous X‐Ray Scattering Study of the Quasi‐Crystalline Al65Cu20Fe15 Alloy
Authors: MATSUBARA E. , WASEDA Y. , TSAI A. P. , INOUE A. , MASUMOTO T.
Published: May 2016

indicates that a strong directional dependence along the symmetrical axes exist for the Cu atoms but not for the Fe atoms.
ChemInform Abstract: Characterization of β‐Silicon Nitride Whiskers
Authors: HOMENY J. , NEERGAARD L. J. , KARASEK K. R. , DONNER J. T. , BRADLEY S. A.
Published: May 2016

(commercially available β‐Si3N4) is performed by XRD, XPS, SEM, TEM, BET measurements and chemical analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Microstructure Development and Dielectric Properties of Potassium Strontium Niobate Ceramics.
Authors: KIMURA T. , MIYAMOTO S. , YAMAGUCHI T.
Published: May 2016

Sintering of a KSr2Nb5O15 powder compact at 1350 °C results in a duplex structure.
ChemInform Abstract: Structures of the Copper Vanadium Bronzes CuxV12O29 with x = 1.2, 1.5, and 1.9.
Authors: KATO K. , TAKAYAMA‐MUROMACHI E. , KANKE Y.
Published: May 2016

The three title compounds all crystallize in the monoclinic space group C2/m with Z=2.
ChemInform Abstract: The Structure of the Copper Vanadium Bronze Cu0.261V2O5. ‐ A Refinement.
Authors: KATO K. , TAKAYAMA‐MUROMACHI E. , KANKE Y.
Published: May 2016

Single crystals of the title compound are grown from the melt using the Bridgman method (oxidation of Cu1.2V12O29).
ChemInform Abstract: The Improved Passivation of Iron Induced by Additions of Tungsten.
Authors: CHEN J. , WU J. K.
Published: May 2016

The corrosion behavior in 1 N H2SO4 is studied for pure iron, iron alloyed with small amounts of tungsten, and iron passivated in 1 N H2SO4 solutions containing WO42‐.
ChemInform Abstract: Complexes with Phosphinomethane and Phosphinomethanide Ligands. Part 17. Lithium Phosphinomethanides: Two Novel Structures.
Authors: KARSCH H. H. , ZELLNER K. , MIKULCIK P. , LACHMANN J. , MUELLER G. +
Published: May 2016

The structure of the two Li phosphinomethanides (IV) (space group Pna21, Z=4) and (VI) (P21/c, Z=2) are determined by X‐ray analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: New Access to Acyl‐ and Aroyllithiums via Lithium‐Tellurium Exchange.
Authors: HIIRO T. , MORITA Y. , INOUE T. , KAMBE N. , OGAWA A. , RYU I. , SONODA N.
Published: May 2016

Efficient Li‐Te exchange reactions generate acyllithiums such as (III) which react with electrophiles, e.g. (II) or (VI) to provide ketones such as (IV) or (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of 4‐Methyl‐1‐(1′‐methylethyl)‐4‐nitrocyclohexa‐2,5‐dien‐1‐yl Acetates with Nitrogen Dioxide; Towards a Mechanism for the Formation of Polynitro Cyclohexenyl Esters on Reaction of p‐Cymene with Nitrogen Dioxide in Acetic Anhydride.
Authors: ABELL A. D. , HARTSHORN M. P. , ROBINSON W. T. , WALLER A. G. , WRIGHT G. J.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of p‐cymene (IV) with NO2 (already studied in Ac2O, 24 h) is further examined in great detail using CH2Cl2 as well as Ac2O (with shortened reaction time) as solvents.
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Coupling by Chromium(0) ‐ (Bibenzyl)‐ and (Stilbene)tricarbonylchromium(0) Complexes by a One‐Pot Reaction from Benzylic Halides.
Authors: WEY H. G. , BUTENSCHOEN H. +
Published: May 2016

Reaction of benzylic mono‐ and dihalides such as (I) or (III) with Cr(CO)3(NH3)3 leads to diarylethanes and ‐ethenes such as (II) or (IV) in satisfactory yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Isopropyl and tert‐Butyl Pyridyl Ketones by Alkylation of Acetylpyridines with Methyl Iodide Using Phase‐Transfer Catalysis.
Authors: RUBINA K. , GOLDBERG YU. , SHYMANSKA M.
Published: May 2016

The methyl pyridyl ketones (I) are treated with excess methyl iodide (II) and potassium hydroxide in the presence of a crown ether to produce the isopropyl ketones (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Acylation of Alcohols Using Esters and Silica Gel Supported Metallic Sulfates and Hydrogen Sulfates.
Authors: NISHIGUCHI T. , TAYA H.
Published: May 2016

Alcohols such as (I) are acylated in a quite simple operation in high yields by being heated in esters such as (II) in the presence of silica gel supported metallic sulfates and hydrogen sulfates, such as Ce(SO4)2, Ti(SO4)2, Fe2(SO4)3, and NaHSO4.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fluorinated α‐Amino Ketones. Part 3. Preparation of Fluorinated Ketone Analogues of Phenylalanine, Lysine, and p‐(Guanidino)phenylalanine.
Authors: KOLB M. , NEISES B. , GERHART F.
Published: May 2016

The synthesis of the title ketones (IV) using a one‐pot sequence related to the Dakin‐West reaction starts from the respective acylated amino acids (I) proceeding via oxazolone derivatives (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Antifungal Agents. Part 27. Novel 5‐(((Substituted phenyl)thio)methyl)isoxazolidines.
Authors: DECORY T. R. , MULLEN G. B. , MITCHELL J. T. , ALLEN S. D. , GEORGIEV V. ST.
Published: May 2016

Twelve title compounds of type (III) which are synthesized via 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition are screened for in vitro antifungal activity.
ChemInform Abstract: A Short Synthesis of Fusaric Acid and Analogues.
Authors: WALDNER A.
Published: May 2016

Cycloaddition reaction of the α,β‐unsaturated hydrazones (I) with α‐chloroacrylonitrile (II) in the presence of triethylamine is accompanied by elimination of HCl, producing the unstable 1‐amino‐2‐cyano‐1,4‐dihydropyridines (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Sterically Crowded Aryloxide Compounds of Silicon.
Authors: HEALY M. D. , BARRON A. R.
Published: May 2016

(IIIa) and (IIIb) both crystallize in P21/a with Z=4.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Studies on Cyclopentadienyl Compounds of Trivalent Cerium: Tetrameric (MeC5H4)3Ce and Monomeric (Me3SiC5H4)3Ce and ((Me3Si)2C5H3)3Ce and Their Coordination Chemistry.
Authors: STULTS S. D. , ANDERSEN R. A. , ZALKIN A.
Published: May 2016

The coordinated THF in (I) can also be removed by the toluene reflux method to give (II) in 73% yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Bio‐Relevant Functionalized Acids. Part 7. A New General Access to α‐Trifluoromethyl‐Substituted Aromatic and Heteroaromatic α‐Amino Acids.
Authors: BURGER K. , GAA K. , GEITH K. , SCHIERLINGER C.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of 2‐(hydroxymethyl)furan (Ia) and the corresponding thiophene (Ib) with 5‐fluoro‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)oxazole (II) and subsequent hydrolysis yield the hetaryl(trifluoromethyl)glycine derivatives (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Simple Three‐Step Synthesis of (R)‐ and (S)‐4‐Amino‐3‐hydroxybutanoic Acid (GABOB) by Stereoselective Aldol Addition.
Authors: BRAUN M. , WALDMUELLER D. +
Published: May 2016

(R)‐ and (S)‐GABOB (V) are prepared by the aldol reaction of (R)‐ and (S)‐2‐hydroxy‐1,2,2‐triphenylethyl acetate (I) with the N‐protected glycinal (II), followed by hydrolysis and deprotection.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Protected C‐11/C‐17 Segment of Mycinolide‐V.
Authors: DITRICH K. , HOFFMANN R. W.
Published: May 2016

Starting from D‐ribonolactone (I) the title segment (XI) is synthesized via the intermediates (V) or (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Solid, Spherical Zirconia Particles by Spray Pyrolysis.
Authors: ZHANG S.‐C. , MESSING G. L. , BORDEN M.
Published: May 2016

It is found that fine, spherical particles can be synthesized by conventional spray pyrolysis by limiting the initial relative solution saturation to ∼10‐2.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Acidic Properties of Aluminated ZSM‐5 Zeolites.
Authors: YAMAGISHI K. , NAMBA S. , YASHIMA T.
Published: May 2016

The alumination of the zeolite HZSM‐5 by use of AlCl3 vapor is carried out under various conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Spectroscopic Studies of N‐S‐O Anions: The Reactions of NSO‐ with Elemental Sulfur and with S4N4
Authors: CHIVERS T. , SCHMIDT K. J. , MCINTYRE D. D. , VOGEL H. J.
Published: May 2016

(UV/VIS, IR, Raman, 14N, 17O and 33S NMR).
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanism of Dehydration of Zn0.5Mg0.5(H2PO4)2·2 H2O.
Authors: TROJAN M. , BRANDOVA D.
Published: May 2016

The condensation reactions proceeding during the calcination of the title phosphate are followed by TG, DTG, and DTA under non‐isothermal and quasi‐isothermal‐isobaric conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Step Conversion of Certain Indole and Pyrrole Glyoxylic Acid Esters to the Corresponding Acetates.
Authors: DEMOPOULOS V. J.
Published: May 2016

The hetarylglyoxalates (I) are treated with sodium dihydrogen hypophosphite in the presence of palladium on carbon to produce the corresponding acetates (II) via hydrogen transfer reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Reactivity of Zinc and Copper Carbenoids. Part 2.
Authors: KNOCHEL P. , CHOU T.‐S. , CHEN H. G. , YEH M. C. P. , ROZEMA M. J.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of iodomethyl pivalate (I) with activated zinc foil (II) produces the zinc reagent (III) which undergoes transmetalation with the copper cyanide (IV) to give a solution of the mixed cuprate reagent (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemical Chlorodecarboxylation via an Electron Transfer Mechanism.
Authors: OKADA K. , OKAMOTO K. , ODA M.
Published: May 2016

Photolysis of the N‐acyloxyphthalimides (I) in tetrachloromethane and in the presence of 1,4‐diazabicyclo(2.2.2)octane (DABCO) results in cleavage and chlorination to produce the chlorides (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of β,β′‐Difluorinated Ethers.
Authors: CHAABOUNI M. M. , BAKLOUTI A.
Published: May 2016

The sodium alkoxides derived from the β‐fluoro alcohols (I) are coupled with 2‐fluoroethyl tosylate (II) to produce the β,β'‐difluoro ethers (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Formation of an Amide Hydroperoxide and Hydrogen Peroxide Using Rhodium Complexes and Dioxygen/Dihydrogen Mixtures.
Authors: GAMAGE S. N. , JAMES B. R.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of N,N‐dimethylacetamide (I) with oxygen and hydrogen in the presence of a rhodium(III) catalyst results in the formation of the hydroperoxide (II), the formamide (III), and hydrogen peroxide (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and Inexpensive Synthesis of a Useful Carbamate.
Authors: DEPREUX P. , BETHEGNIES G. , MARCINCAL A.
Published: May 2016

3‐Butoxy‐2‐carbamoyloxy‐1‐chloropropane (V) is an important therapeutic carbamate, which is usually prepared by consecutive treatment of the alcohol (III) with phosgene (VI) in the presence of antipyrine and aqueous ammonia (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: The Pagodane Route to Dodecahedranes: Dodecahedradienes ‐ Unusually “Pyramidalized”, Isolable Olefins.
Authors: MELDER J.‐P. , PINKOS R. , FRITZ H. , PRINZBACH H.
Published: May 2016

The title compounds (III) and (V) (no yield given) are thermally stable but extremely sensitive to oxygen.
ChemInform Abstract: Annulation Reactions of 4‐Methoxy‐2‐pyrone with Various Active Methyl Compounds.
Authors: TANYELI C. , TARHAN O.
Published: May 2016

The pyrone (I) mentioned in the title is cleaved and coupled with the anions derived from ethyl acetoacetate (II), ethyl acetate (IVa), acetonitrile (IVb), dimethyl sulfoxide (IVc), and dimethyl methylphosphonate (IVd).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies on O‐Heterocycles via a Cycloadditions. Part 1. Photochemical (Electron Transfer Sensitized) C‐C Cleavage of Diaryloxiranes.
Authors: CLAWSON P. , LUNN P. M. , WHITING D. A.
Published: May 2016

Irradiation of trans‐stilbene oxide (II) with naphthalene‐1,4‐dicarbonitrile (NDC) as a sensitizer in the presence of electron deficient dipolarophiles such as (I), (IV), or (VI) leads, via presumed carbon carbonyl ylide, to various tetrahydro and dihydro‐furans.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Iodosuccinimide‐Mediated Oxidative Cyclization of Mono‐tert‐butyldimethylsilylated Diols.
Authors: MCDONALD C. E. , BEEBE T. R. , BEARD M. , MCMILLEN D. , SELSKI D.
Published: May 2016

The mono‐O‐silylated 1,4‐diols (I), (IV), (VI), and (VIII) are oxidatively cyclized with N‐iodosuccinimide, yielding the siloxyfuran derivatives (II), (III), (V), (VII), and (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of 2‐ and 3‐Acylpyrroles by Reaction of β‐Amino Enones with α‐Amino Ketone Hydrochlorides.
Authors: ALBEROLA A. , ANDRES J. M. , GONZALEZ A. , PEDROSA R. , VICENTE M.
Published: May 2016

The β‐amino enones (I) undergo cyclization with the α‐amino ketone hydrochlorides (II) in methanol to give the 2‐acylpyrroles (III) and/or the 3‐acylpyrroles (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Methanol‐Incorporated Photoaddition of N‐Methyl‐9,10‐phenanthrenedicarboximide to Alkenes. Addition at Carbonyl and Phenanthrene‐Ring Carbon Atoms.
Authors: KUBO Y. , NANBA M. , HAYASHI E. , ARAKI T.
Published: May 2016

Whereas irradiation of a MeCN‐MeOH solution of the title compound (I) with alkenes (II) affords the same product types (III) + (IV) previously obtained by similar photoreactions in benzene, irradiation in the presence of the alkenes (V), (IX), or (XII) gives mainly methanol‐incorporated adducts.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocyclic 1,4‐Naphthoquinone Derivatives. Part 1. Reaction of 2‐Chloro‐3‐chloroacetylamino‐1,4‐naphthoquinone with Aniline.
Authors: KALLMAYER H.‐J. , BINGER M.
Published: May 2016

The chloronaphthoquinone (III), prepared by coupling the aminochloronaphthoquinone (I) with the chloroacetyl chloride (II), reacts with two equivalents of aniline (IV) to give the corresponding anilino derivative (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of the (4 + 2)Adducts of 2‐Pyrone‐5‐carboxylates with Substituted Ethylenes and Their Benzene Derivatives.
Authors: SHIMO T. , MURAOKA F. , SOMEKAWA K.
Published: May 2016

Diels‐Alder reaction of the pyronecarboxylates (I) with the vinyl ethers (II) gives the endo‐ (III) and exo‐adducts (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Potential Antimalarials. Part 8. Mono‐ and Di‐Mannich Bases of 2‐(7′‐Trifluoromethylquinolin‐4′‐ylamino)phenol via 2‐Nitrophenols.
Authors: BARLIN G. B. , YAN J.‐H.
Published: May 2016

A series of di‐Mannich bases of type (V) are prepared using several sec. amines such as (III), pyrrolidine, and morpholine.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Antibacterial Agents. Part 1. Synthesis of Substitued 6,7‐Dihydro‐1‐oxo‐1H,5H‐benzo(i,j)quinolizine‐2‐carboxylic Acids.
Authors: ISHIKAWA H. , TABUSA F. , MIYAMOTO H. , KANO M. , UEDA H. , TAMAOKA H. , NAKAGAWA K.
Published: May 2016

The title compounds (X) are synthesized as shown in the reaction scheme, and tested for antibacterial activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Serial Radical Cyclization of Branched Carbohydrates. Part 2. Claisen Rearrangement Routes to Multiply‐Substituted Pyranoside Diquinanes.
Authors: PAK H. , DICKSON J. K. JUN. , FRASER‐REID B.
Published: May 2016

Starting with the α‐D‐mannopyranoside (I), derivatives of the type (II) are prepared in several steps.
ChemInform Abstract: The Stereochemistry of the Reaction of α‐Silyl Lithium Reagents with Cyclic tert‐Butyldimethylsilyl Acyloins.
Authors: PRIETO J. A. , LARSON G. L. , GONZALEZ P.
Published: May 2016

The α‐siloxycycloalkanones (I) are olefinated with the lithium salts, derived from benzyltrimethylsilane (II), trimethylsilylacetonitrile (IV), or phenyl trimethylsilylmethyl sulfide (VI), to yield the α‐siloxy(methylene)cycloalkanes (III), (V), or (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Dialkyl Alkynylphosphonites with the Nitrile and Esters of Benzoylformic Acid.
Authors: BURANGULOVA R. N. , TRISHIN YU. G. , KONOVALOVA I. V. , BURNAEVA L. A. , CHISTOKLETOV V. N. , PUDOVIK A. N.
Published: May 2016

The phosphonites (I) react with benzoyl cyanide (II) to give the 1,3,2‐dioxaphospholanes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Titanium Alkoxides with N,N,N′,N′′‐Tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)phosphenodiimidic Amide.
Authors: BRUSILOVETS A. I. , RUSANOV E. B. , KHOLODOVICH V. V.
Published: May 2016

The phosphenodiimidic amide (I) is coupled with the titanium alkoxides (II) to give the heterocyclic compounds (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and X‐Ray Structure of Bis(trifluoromethyl)(N,N‐diethyldithiocarbamato)copper. A Remarkably Stable Perfluoroalkylcopper(III) Complex.
Authors: WILLERT‐PORADA M. A. , BURTON D. J. , BAENZIGER N. C.
Published: May 2016

The cuprate (I) reacts with the thiuram disulfide (II) in DMF to produce the copper(III) complex (III) which is also prepared by trifluoromethylation of the dibromide (IV) with trifluoromethylcadmium iodide (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactions of Nickel and Palladium Carbon‐Bound Enolate Complexes.
Authors: BURKHARDT E. R. , BERGMAN R. G. , HEATHCOCK C. H.
Published: May 2016

Ni and Pd C‐bound enolates of the type (III) are prepared by reactions of chloro‐ or bromo(cyclopentadienyl)triphenylphosphine‐Ni or ‐Pd with corresponding potassium or lithium enolates as demonstrated for the examples (IIIa) and (IIIb).
ChemInform Abstract: Modification of Steroids in the Androstane Series with Three‐Membered Heterocycles at 17‐C.
Authors: SOVA A. N. , SAL'NIKOVA S. I. , GELLA I. M. , ALIEV A. E. , KOSTYANOVSKII R. G.
Published: May 2016

The spiro(androstane‐17,2'‐oxirane) (III) is transformed into the 17α‐aminomethyl derivatives (V) and (VII) upon reaction with the amines (IV) or (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis and Reactivity of Cyclic Thiocarbonates Derived from Some Carbohydrate 1,2‐Diols.
Authors: PATRONI J. J. , STICK R. V. , TILBROOK D. M. G. , SKELTON B. W. , WHITE A. H.
Published: May 2016

Thiocarbonylation of diols such as (I) leads to the corresponding cyclic thiocarbonates (III) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Chemoselective Epimerization of cis‐3‐Amino‐β‐lactams to the trans‐Isomers: A New Synthesis of Aztreonam.
Authors: KAWABATA T. , ITOH K. , HIYAMA T.
Published: May 2016

The cis‐amino(tert‐butoxycarbonyl)‐β‐lactams (I) are (partly) epimerized upon treatment with trifluoroacetic anhydride, followed by reesterification with diazomethane (II), yielding the trans‐substituted analogues (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Syntheses of endo‐ and exo‐Brevicomin via α‐Alkoxystannanes.
Authors: CHONG J. M. , MAR E. K.
Published: May 2016

The enantiomerically enriched stannane (III) is used for the preparation of (+)‐endo‐brevicomin (VI), the aggregation pheromone of Dryocetes autographus, and (‐)‐exo‐brevicomin (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Heteroepitaxy of InP on Si Substrates by MOCVD.
Authors: KOHAMA Y. , KADOTA Y. , OHMACHI Y.
Published: May 2016

InP epilayers and GaAs intermediate layers are grown on Si substrates by chemical vapor deposition using trimethylindium and trimethylgallium as metalorganic precursors and AsH3 and PH3 as sources for As and P. It is demonstrated that the crystalline quality of InP is improved by optimizing the GaAs layer thickness and thermal cycle annealing after film growth.
ChemInform Abstract: Sublimation and Thermodynamics of Cs2CrO4 Vapor.
Authors: LAU K. H. , BRITTAIN R. D. , HILDENBRAND D. L.
Published: May 2016

The sublimation of Cs2CrO4 is studied in the temp. range 1000‐1200 K by mass spectrometry and torsion‐effusion techniques.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoelectrochemical Properties of Indium Doped Iron Oxide.
Authors: SCHUMACHER L. C. , MCINTYRE N. S. , MAMICHE‐AFARA S. , DIGNAM M. J.
Published: May 2016

Solid state, photoelectrochemical, and impedance properties of oxygen photoanodes obtained by reactive sputtering of Fe2O3 onto conducting indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates held at 350 °C are investigated by conventional methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Ammonium Hexavanadate, (NH4)2V6O16: Preparation, Crystal Structure, IR Spectra and High‐Pressure Reactions.
Authors: RANGE K.‐J. , EGLMEIER C. , HEYNS A. M. , DE WAAL D.
Published: May 2016

Single crystals of the title compound are prepared by reaction of V2O5 with NH4Cl in hot aqueous solution (95 °C, 3 h).