bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A review of baobab (Adansonia digitata) fruit processing as a catalyst for enhancing wealth and food security
Authors: Ofori Hayford , Ahmad Addo
Published: June 2023

Scientific study on non-timber forest products with potential for use by humans has recently experienced a resurgence. Baobab is one of these non-timber forest products, and every part of the baobab has been shown by studies to be useful. Because the fruit products of the baobab tree contain enormous amounts of phytochemicals, these products have found uses in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Hence, this study examined, among other things, the role of the physical and mechanical properties of the baobab seeds in relation to design of equipment for processing as well as the phytochemicals found in the fruit products. It also discussed the traditional and orthodox uses of the baobab product. Along with vitamins and amino-acids found in the pulp, other minerals were also reviewed. High quantities of proteins, lipids, essential amino acids, and fatty acids, including linoleic, oleic, and palmitic acids, as well as Omega 3, 6, and 9, are present in baobab seeds and the seed oil. Antinutrients present in baobab seeds have the potential to be harmful to human health when consumed. The study examined different processing techniques used to lessen these antinutrients present in the seeds. To fully realize the potential of baobab fruit products, areas for further research have been highlighted in this review.
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1a (HIF 1a) and monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT 1) in papillary thyroid carcinoma; A study in Sulaimani City/Iraq
Authors:   FIBMS (Path), Assist. Prof. Department of Pathology and Forensic Pathology/ College of Medicine/ University of Sulaimani, Yasseen Hadeel Adnan , Abdullah Ari Mohammed ,   MBChB, MSc path, Sulaimani Teaching Hospital/Ministry of Health
Published: June 2023

Background and objectives: Papillary thyroid carcinoma is one of the most common cancers of human, monocarbox- ylate transporter 1 and hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha expressions in many tumors have recently being targets for treatment, HIF-1a has been correlated with increased angiogenesis, aggressive tumor growth, and poor patient prognosis. Marked increases in the levels of monocarboxylate transporters are a hallmark of several human malignancies. The objectives of this study are to evaluate expression of MCT1 and HIF1a in papillary thyroid carcinoma and compare them to the expression in non-malignant thyroid tissue, also correlate their expression with poor outcome parameters as lymph node status, tumor size, capsular and vascular invasions. Methods: The study samples composed of 68 cases; 52 males, and 16 females, age ranging from 15-73 years, that had been diagnosed as papillary thyroid carcinoma and compared with 78 cases of non-malignant thyroid tissue regarding the expression of monocarboxylate transporter 1 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha. Results: Monocarboxylate transporter 1 was negative in 19.1% and positive in 80.9% of the tumors while hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha was negative in 27.9% of the cases and was positive in 72.1%. Both markers show strong expression in tall cell variant and both are negative in non-malignant thyroid tissues with statistically significant different between both. Conclusions: monocarboxylate transporter 1 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha expression are more intense with the aggressive variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. They can be used as target therapy especially monocarboxylate transporter 1 as it is totally negative in non-malignant thyroid tissue.
Pattern, clinical and laboratory features from of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients from Kurdistan-Iraq
Authors:   MBChB, Department of hematology, Hewa hemato-onology hospital, Sulaimani-Iraq., Mohammed Dnya Jaza , Jalal Sana Dlawar ,   MBChB, FRCPath. Department of pathology, Sulaimani College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq., Yassin Ahmed Khudair ,   MBChB, DM, CABM, FIBMS, FRCP. Hawler Medical University, College of Medicine. Erbil-Iraq., Mohammed Ali Ibrahim ,   MBChB, FIBMS. Department of pathology, Sulaimani College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq.
Published: June 2023

Background and objectives: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a heterogeneous group of neoplasm resulting from clonal proliferation and tissue infiltration by leukemic lymphoblasts. Adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia is character- ized by distinctive clinical and genetic features in comparison to childhood leukemia. This study aimed to outline the clinco-hematological features of adult Iraqi patients newly diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Kurdis- tan-Iraq. Methods:This study was conducted at Hiwa Cancer Hospital in Sulaimani City and Nanakali Hospital in Erbil City, Kurdistan, Iraq. A total of 109 patients of newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia aged >15 years were included. Clinical history, physical examination, complete blood counts, with peripheral smear, bone marrow aspira- tion and immunophenotypic data (using flow cytometry) and genetic study were collected for all the enrolled cases. Results: The median age at diagnosis was 24 years with male to female ratio of 1.7:1. B- lineage was predominant at (76.1%), while T -lineage was less frequent, at 23.9%. Mean hemoglobin level was 9.1 g/dl (+2.3) with a range of (4-15.2) g/dl, white blood cells count had a range of (0.4-300) ×109/L, with a mean of 47.5 ×109/L (+62.5). The mean platelet count was 79×109/L (+83), and a range of (3-490) ×109/L. Fifty eight patients (53.2%) presented with lymphadenopathy, and seventy eight patients (71.6%) had organomegaly. Philadelphia chromosome was detected in 9.5% of cases. Fifty seven (52.3%) patients stra tified into high risk group. Conclusions: Patients from our locality have some distinct disease characters from that were reported elsewhere.
Arthroscopic Treatment of Anterior Ankle Impingement
Authors:   MBChB/ Candidate of KHCMS., Ibrahim Ali Abdulkhaleq , Alany Abdulkadr Muhammed Sleman ,   MBChB/ FIBMS (Ortho)/ Lecturer in college of medicine, Hawler Medical University/ Consultant orthopedic surgeon.
Published: June 2023

Background and objectives:Anterior ankle impingement (as a common cause of anterior ankle pain) is becoming re- cently a common diagnosis in peoples who do excessive dorsiflexion of ankle joint in their daily activities. Arthroscopic debridement is nowadays a gold standard procedure for anterior ankle impingement treatment in both osseous and soft tissue type impingements. The objectives of this study are to provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic procedures used as a treatment strategy for anterior ankle impingement. Methods:We per- formed a prospective study on 20 patients diagnosed as cases of anterior ankle impingement on the basis of clinical and radiological examination, the patients complained from either soft tissue or bony impingement. All patients were treated by arthroscopic debridement or burring. Clinical outcome was evaluated according to American orthopedic foot and ankle society score questionnaires, visual analogue scale, and ankle dorsiflexion range achieved. Results: The mean age of the patients was 37.4 year, mean AOFAS ankle hind-foot scale improved from 52.65 preoperatively to 86.95 postoperatively (statistically significant). The mean pain visual analogue scale decreased from 7.9 to 3.1. The mean dorsiflexion angle increased from 7 degrees to 14.5 degrees. Conclusion: Arthroscopic debridement and excision of impinging soft tissues and burring of impinging bones is the treatment of choice for patients with anterior ankle impingement syndrome of both osseous and soft tissue nature after failure of conservative measures to relieve the symptoms and improve the range of motion.
The relationship between serum vitamin D level & chronic periodontitis in patients attending Khanzad center in Erbil city
Authors:   B.D.S., MSc(Perio), KHCMS candidate, Mahmood Yadgar Ghazi , Hussein Vian Mohammed ,   Director General, Planning Department, Ministry of Health, Consultant, B.D.S., MSc (Perio), PhD (Preventive Dentistry), Aziz Amal Hanna ,   Lecturer, Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Hawler Medical University, B.D.S., MSc(Perio), PhD (Perio)
Published: June 2023

Background and objectives: Chronic periodontitis is multifactorial infectious disease with high prevalence among different population with many risk factors. Vitamin D seems to have a protective anti-inflammatory role in periodontal disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of serum vitamin D3 level on periodontal health in Erbil city. Methods:Eighty-two patients were recruited in the Khanzad center; in Erbil city- Kurdistan region- Iraq. They were di- vided into 48 patients with chronic periodontitis patient (26 males & 22 females) & 34 subjects with non – periodontitis (8 males & 26 females). Periodontal examination including plaque index, gingival index, pocket depth & clinical attach- ment loss were measured for all patients. At the day of periodontal examination, patients sent to central laboratory where blood drowns for serum vitamin D3 estimation. Results:The mean serum vitamin D3 value (mean ± Std) was 13.5 ± 9.2 & 12.8 ±7.2 in chronic periodontitis group & non-periodontitis group respectively which was statistically not significant,34 subjects (41.4%) of the participant had sever deficiency while only 2 patients in a study group (2.4%) had sufficient level of serum vitamin D3. The mean plaque index & gingival index in chronic periodontitis group were 1.96± 6 & 2.16 ± 54 respectively, while in non-periodontitis group, they were 1.24 ± 42 & 1.32± 28 respectively, there were sta tistically significant differences regarding both periodontal parameters between both groups. Conclusion: The relationship between vitamin D deficiency & chronic periodontitis was not determined in a sample in Erbil City.
Assessment of root canal configuration of mandibular incisors using cone-beam computed tomography in a sample of Iraqi patient
Authors:   B.D.S, M.Sc. (Conservative Dentistry), Fellowship candidate (Restorative Dentistry) at Khanzad Training Center-Erbil, Dizayee Saud Jasim Othman , Selman Raid Fahim ,   B.D. S, M.Sc., Ph.D. Assist. Prof. (Conservative Dentistry), College of Dentistry, Hawler Medical University, Erbil
Published: June 2023

Background and objectives: Mandibular incisors mostly have 1 root canal. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of root canals configurations in mandibular incisors and to investigate the gender prevalence. Methods: A total of 1200 patients’ cone-beam computed tomography scans were screened and evaluated by two independent maxillofacial radiologists assessed the axial, sagittal, and coronal sections. Inclusion criteria applied to 429 patients; 200 females and 229 males, aged 14 to 75 years with total of 1716 mandibular incisors were evaluated. Inclusion criteria: Available Cone-beam computed tomography BCT images of mandibular anterior teeth with complete root formation, the presence of at least 1 central or lateral mandibular incisor in the scan, absence of root canal treatment, absence of coronal or post coronal restorations, absence of root resorption or periapical lesions and high-quality im- ages. Canal configuration was classified according to the following criteria of Vertucci: type I, II, III, VI, V, VIII, VI, VII and VIII. The root canal morphology was recorded and analyzed. Results: The prevalence of type I root canal in mandibular incisors was found in 1360 teeth (79.254%), type III was found in 348 teeth (20.279%) and type II was found in 8 teeth (0.466%) while types VI, V, VIII, VI, VII and VIII were not detected. Conclusions: The occurrence of more than 1 root canal mandibular incisors is approximately 20% while single canal in mandibular incisors was (79 %), the difference in the canal types configurations and genders between the central and lateral incisors are non-significant.
Outcome of patients with locally advanced Non-small cell lung cancer treated with sequential chemotherapy and radiotherapy in Duhok/ Iraq
Authors:   MBChB, MSc, PhD., Lecturer, Department of internal medicine, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok, Kurdistan, Iraq, Othman Ramadhan Tayeb
Published: June 2023

Background and objectives: About one-third of non-small cell lung cancer patients present with locally advanced unresectable disease. The overall survival and progression-free survival evaluated of patients with stage IIIA and B non-small cell lung cancer treated with sequential chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of sequential chemotherapy and radiotherapy in advance non-operable non-small cell lung cancer. Methods: This retrospective study included 45 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer diagnosed between May 2014 and May 2017 treated with sequential chemotherapy and radiotherapy. All patients were treated at Azadi Cancer Centre, Azadi Teaching Hospital, Duhok with at least 4 cycles of chemotherapy then sent to radiotherapy in other centre to complete their planned treatment protocol. Results: This study showed that squamous cell cancer was the most common histological subtype. The overall survival of patients treated with sequential chemotherapy and radiotherapy was 19.6 months (95% confidence interval 13.5–27.8, 95% confidence interval). The median progression-free survival time was 11.1 months (95% confidence interval; 8.6–13.7 months). Over all chemotherapy and radiotherapy tolerated well in most of the patients with mild adverse effect. Conclusions: Sequential chemotherapy and radiotherapy is a valid option of treatment in inoperable non-small cell lung cancer. This mainly helpful in area with limited resources for radiotherapy. These results provide hope and support of using sequential chemotherapy and radiotherapy in advanced stage lung cancer ineligible for surgery.
Comparison the Effect of trans-septal suture technique versus the intranasal Merocel packing regarding local nasal pain and sleep disturbances after septoplasty
Authors:   FIBMS /FACS Consultant Otolaryngologist, Rizgary Teaching Hospital Asst. Prof. Hawler Medical College / Hawler Medical University, Said Said Mustafa
Published: June 2023

Background and objectives: Nasal septal deviation is corrected by septoplasty which is a common surgical procedure performed by otolaryngologists. Septal surgery may be associated with numerous complications mainly pain. Otolaryngologists frequently pack both nasal cavities with different types of nasal packing to minimize these complications. Nasal packing is associated with some burden on the patient in post-operative days like local pain. To avoid these issues, many surgeons use transseptal [through and through] suturing techniques to overcome the need for packing after surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of the transseptal suture technique versus the intranasal packing regarding local nasal pain and sleep disturbances after septoplasty. Methods: Prospective comparative study conducted on 120 patients. These patients underwent septoplasty, without additional nasal procedure, for nasal septal deviation. Patients were randomly divided into two equal groups before the operation. Group (A) with trans-septal su- ture technique was compared with group (B) in which intra-nasal packing with Merocel was done which were removed on the second postoperative day. Pain level using visual analog scale postoperatively was recorded over a follow-up period of 1st and 2nd postoperative day. Results: Out of 120 patients who had classical septoplasty, 74 patients were males (61.7%) and 46 patients were females (38.3%). Patients who had intra-nasal packing got significantly more postoperative pain (P<0.05), Visual analog scale score was significantly higher in group B than those who had trans-septal suture [group A]. Conclusions: Trans-septal suturing technique without nasal packing for septoplasty postoperatively can be safely performed and with minimal local pain and sleep disturbances compared with the intra-nasal packing technique.
OTTO KIRCHHEIMER E A TEORIA CRÍTICA
Authors: De Miranda Gabriel Medeiros
Published: June 2023

O tema da relação e dinâmica institucional entre Direito e Política ocupa espaço privilegiado na agenda de debate científico jurídico e político contemporâneo. A ascensão de líderes autoritários, as tensões em torno da relação entre poderes e o questionamento do papel desempenhado por cortes constitucionais e processos penais no contexto de crises políticas têm provocado, em especial no debate nacional, a busca por produções teóricas que dialoguem com esta realidade. Frente a esse desafio, se dispõe este trabalho a recuperar a obra de Otto Kirchheimer e contribuir com os estudos acerca da produção deste jurista e cientista político alemão a partir do fio condutor de sua relação com a Teoria Crítica. Mediante pesquisa bibliográfica, busca-se identificar os aspectos de suas ideias que o conformam como teórico crítico assim como convergências e divergências que manteve com o grupo em torno do Instituto de Pesquisa Social de Frankfurt, localizando-o assim no amplo escopo de pensamento da Teoria Crítica.
Del juego simbólico a la práctica del valor de respeto: una mirada desde la virtualidad
Authors: Herrera Valeriano Ana de Jesús , More Zeña Milagros de Fátima , Altamirano Delgado Laura Isabel , Paredes López Lilian Roxana , Carbajal Cornejo Katherine , Morante Becerra Lydia Mercedes
Published: June 2023

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo proponer talleres de juegos simbólicos para la iniciación de la práctica del valor del respeto en niños de cinco años. Metodológicamente, la investigación es de enfoque cuantitativo de diseño no experimental, con tipo de investigación descriptiva-propositiva. La muestra de estudio estuvo conformada por 22 alumnos de cinco años. La técnica de recolección de datos fue la observación y los instrumentos las guías de observación. Se identificaron las características del comportamiento en la práctica del valor de respeto mediante la guía de observación, donde se registraron conductas inadecuadas, ya que los niños no seguían normas dadas por la docente, no utilizaban palabras de cortesía como por favor y gracias, no escuchaban la opinión de sus compañeros, etc., lo que evidencia la falta de práctica de valores especialmente el de respeto. La propuesta Aprender quiero, jugar deseo y respetar debo consta de 20 talleres. Está sustentada en la teoría estructuralista de Jean Piaget con el objetivo de iniciar al niño en la práctica del valor de respeto. Posteriormente, esta propuesta fue validada mediante una ficha de análisis por especialistas considerándola innovadora, creativa y aceptándola como una propuesta aplicable. Finalmente se pone a disposición de las docentes del nivel inicial de la edad de cinco años, la presente propuesta de aplicar como estrategia didáctica los talleres basados en juegos simbólicos, siendo una alternativa eficaz y motivadora donde los niños podrán iniciarse en la práctica del valor de respeto de una manera lúdica manteniendo su interés dentro de las actividades planificadas.
Artificial Intelligence and its scope in Latin American higher education
Authors: Guerrero-Quiñonez Anghelo Josué , Bedoya-Flores Mirna Carolina , Mosquera-Quiñonez Erick Fabián , Mesías-Simisterra Ángel Enrique , Bautista-Sánchez José Vicencio
Published: June 2023

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is having a significant impact on Latin American higher education. Through a bibliographic methodology of a qualitative nature, it has been possible to analyze and understand the scope of AI in this area. In the first place, it is highlighted that AI in Latin American higher education has allowed expanding access to education, breaking geographical and economic barriers. This is achieved through the availability of digital educational resources and the ability to participate in online learning programs. In addition, AI has promoted the personalization of learning, adapting the educational process to the individual needs of students. Through intelligent tutoring systems and AI-based educational platforms, relevant content can be offered and adapted to each student, as well as provide instant and personalized feedback. AI has also improved the efficiency and quality of higher education. By automating administrative and repetitive tasks, time is freed up for educators to focus on more meaningful activities, such as curriculum design and individual attention to students. In addition, AI enables data analysis and pedagogical reporting, facilitating evidence-based decision making. However, ethical and privacy challenges associated with the use of AI in higher education are recognized. It is necessary to ensure the protection of students' personal data and address issues of fairness and transparency in the development and implementation of AI systems. In conclusion, AI is transforming higher education in Latin America, providing access, personalization, efficiency and quality. The qualitative bibliographic methodology has allowed us to understand the scope of AI in this area, highlighting its positive impact and the challenges that must be addressed for its responsible implementation.
Higher Education 4.0: brief considerations
Authors: Guerrero-Quiñonez Anghelo Josué , Bedoya-Flores Mirna Carolina , Mosquera-Quiñonez Erick Fabián , Ango-Ramos Edwin Darío , Mesías-Simisterra Ángel Enrique
Published: June 2023

Higher Education 4.0 is an educational approach that is based on the integration of digital technologies in all aspects of the educational process. This approach seeks to transform higher education through the personalization of learning, the focus on relevant competencies for the 21st century, the encouragement of collaborative and networked learning, and the flexibility and accessibility to adapt to the changing needs of students. Higher Education 4.0 implies the use of tools such as artificial intelligence, virtual reality and online learning, to improve the quality of teaching, learning and administrative management. This approach seeks to prepare students to face the challenges of the world of work and society, fostering skills such as critical thinking, problem solving, and collaboration. In summary, Higher Education 4.0 seeks to take advantage of the potential of digital technologies to provide a more personalized, relevant and accessible education.
PELAKSANAAN ANGGARAN COVID-19: UPAYA PELAYANAN PUBLIK DAN PEMBERANTASAN KORUPSI PADA MASA PANDEMI
Authors: Lestyowati Jamila
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebijakan dan implementasi realokasi anggaran, refocussing kegiatan dan pengadaan barang dan jasa pada masa pandemic covid-19. Tindakan ini sebagai langkah kebijakan Kementerian Keuangan untuk menyediakan anggaran yang dibutuhkan dalam rangka penanganan covid-19 di berbagai bidang, yaitu kesehatan, ekonomi, keuangan, dan sosial. Penanganan dampak covid-19 merupakan bagian dari pelayanan publik kepada masyarakat. Kegiatan realokasi dan refocussing yang dilakukan secara berintegritas dan mengedepankan kepentingan publik akan menghasilkan kegiatan dan anggaran yang responsif pada penanganan dampak pandemi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif eksploratori dengan menggunakan data primer berupa hasil pengamatan selama kegiatan realokasi, refocussing dan pengadaan barang jasa dan data sekunder berupa peraturan, berita, kajian pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa melalui realokasi anggaran dan refocussing kegiatan dapat dilakukan pengumpulan anggaran untuk mengatasi dampak covid-19. Diperlukan pengawasan atas pelaksanaan anggaran dalam rangka penanganan covid-19 dan sikap integritas dari para pengelola keuangan satuan kerja.
Implications of social isolation for children due to the new coronavirus (COVID-19)
Authors: Alvarenga Beatriz Crivelli , Colpas Andrea Pereira , Dantas Bruna Azevedo , Damasceno Cecília Cândida Graça Mota , Brito Gabriela Machado , Almeida Fernanda Rodrigues de , Decnop Letícia Barroso Mangelli , Goifman Luna Rocha , Silva Isabella Martins da , Fiorot Paula Amaral Silva Perini , Skitnevsky Suzana Carvalho
Published: June 2023

Social isolation, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, is a situation of adversity in the development of the child. Social withdrawal, deprivation of interacting with other people and changes in habits significantly increase children's daily stress. As a consequence of such measures, stress, anxiety, depression, emotional overload and worsening mental health have affected, especially children, as they still do not have the cognitive tools necessary to deal with this new reality. The objective of this work is to identify and discuss the implications of social isolation for children in times of a pandemic, in order to present its difficulties, consequences and recommendations. The present study consists of a systematic literature review, carried out from the selection of articles. The databases were taken from selected scientific articles from 2009 to 2020 through a search in the Scielo database. The bibliographic search was carried out using the following descriptors: child, isolation, covid-19 and coronavirus. When considering the pandemic as a prolonged stressful event and with a measure of social distancing, it is relevant to note that the current situation has no precedent with similar characteristics. In this sense, it is still difficult to assess the psychological impacts and how much the development of children will be affected. In view of the current scenario, it is a fundamental role of those responsible to make the environment less stressful for children and to carry out conversations about the situation with language and an appropriate approach for the child's age.
Nanoparticles in Growth Factor Therapy: A Promising Approach for Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Sharma Udayashankar Sulibele Upendra , Sharma Vivek , Ahmad Imran
Published: June 2023

Nanoparticles (NP) are being explored as a promising approach for growth factor therapy in tissue regeneration. Growth factors play a critical role in tissue regeneration by stimulating cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. However, the use of conventional growth factor therapy is limited by their short half-lives, rapid clearance from the body, and difficulties in delivering them to the target site. To overcome these challenges, nanoparticles have been used to encapsulate growth factors, providing a sustained and localized delivery system. The aim of this article focuses on the most recent advancements in Growth Factor Therapy (GFT), where tissue generation (TR) and cell therapy depend heavily on iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs). Additionally, the presence of magnetic fields can use mechanotransduction to drive cell differentiation into a particular cell type or to specifically route IONP-labeled cells to the site of action. Further research is needed to fully understand the safety and efficacy of using nanoparticles in therapeutic applications, but their potential to revolutionize tissue regeneration and provide better treatment options for patients suffering from various diseases and injuries is significant
The Coexistence of an Incomplete Superficial Palmar Arch and a Berrettini Anastomosis
Authors: Antonopoulos Ioannis , Giavopoulos Panagiotis , Chrysikos Dimosthenis , Filippou Dimitrios , Troupis Theodore
Published: June 2023

Objective. The aim of this study is to present a relatively rare case of the coexistence of an incomplete superficial palmar arch and a Berrettini anastomosis, identified in a cadaveric specimen, and further discuss the potential clinical implications of such anatomical variations.

Case Report. The variation was found in the left hand of a formalin-fixed male cadaver of Greek origin, that was dissected under an operating microscope (×4, ×10 magnification) in our Anatomy Department. In the specimen, we found an incomplete superficial palmar arch, formed only by the superficial branch of the ulnar artery, and a Type 1 Berrettini Anastomosis, originating from the ulnar nerve and joining a branch of the median nerve.

Conclusion. To avoid iatrogenic damage and permanent loss of sensation, hand surgeons and microsurgeons should be aware of the presence of a BA, and the potential coexistence of this variation with vascular abnormalities in the hand that may complicate surgical procedures.
COVID-19 Seroprevalence in Children during Pandemic Waves in Sarajevo, a Single Center Experience
Authors: Mesihović-Dinarević Senka , Lisičić-Konaković Mirela , Prguda-Mujić Jasminka , Jogunčić Anes
Published: June 2023

Objective. The aim of this study was to present data on the prevalence of seropositive children tested in the laboratory of the Eurofarm polyclinic in Sarajevo, from September 2020 to May 2021.

Material and Methods. Peripheral blood samples were collected and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.

Results. In the total of 762 tested children, 187 were positive (24.5%), based on cut-off value. Of all the positive cases 42.8% were female while 57.2% were male. There were 10.1% of positive children in the first age group (0-5 years), 44.4% in the second group (6-13 years), and 45.5% in the third group (14-18 years). There was no statistically significant difference in seroprevalence between age groups and gender. The lowest seroprevalence (3.6%) was observed in October 2020 after the first pandemic wave, and the highest seroprevalence (60.3%) was observed in April 2021, corresponding to the third pandemic wave.

Conclusion. The results of our study showed that the seroprevalence in children was low, especially during the first year of the pandemic. In the second year of the pandemic, there was an evident statistically significant increase in the number of seropositive children. Similar data have been shown in studies for adults.
The Impact of Stock Selection, Market Timing and Equity Fund Size on Equity Funds Performance during Covid-19
Authors: Manurung Arifin Hasudungan , Sihombing Pardomuan
Published: June 2023

Investors in Indonesia pay attention to the financial market's investment tools, including mutual funds. Some mutual funds even provide a higher return on investment than alternative stock investments, with a lower level of risk be-cause investment managers properly manage them. This research aims to determine how stock mutual fund success is affected by factors such as stock selection, market timing, mutual fund size, and Covid-19, with Covid-19 serving as a moderator. Purposive sampling was utilized to conduct research on Indonesian equity funds. This study's sample consists of equity funds administered by fourteen investment management firms authorized and regulated by the Financial Services Authority (OJK). Panel data regression analysis in Eviews is used to examine the information. It was discovered that neither mutual fund size nor Covid-19 played a statistically important role in determining the success of equity funds. However, equity fund returns are significantly influenced by company picking and market timing. As a supplementary benefit, Covid-19 can significantly reduce the beneficial effects of overly optimistic stock picking on the returns of equity funds. This research also demonstrates that the effects of mutual fund size and market timing on stock fund returns are not reduced by using Covid-19.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Virulence Factors and Host Defense Mechanisms
Authors: İNCE Fatma Meral , ÖZCAN Nida , AKPOLAT Nezahat
Published: June 2023

As an opportunistic pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) can cause both acute and chronic infections. Variable virulence components and antibiotic resistance markers in the bacterium's genome constitute the bacterium's pathogenic profile and provide the bacterium with outstanding metabolic adaptability to many conditions. The interactions of P. aeruginosa with the host are poorly understood, complicating the treatment of its infections and the development of vaccines against them. Despite decades of scientific research focusing specifically on this challenge, vaccines to prevent these dangerous infections still do not exist. The major virulence factors of P. aeruginosa and host immune responses against the bacteria are discussed in this review.
Docente: nuestra tarea no es enseñar
Authors: Bentancor Milton H.
Published: June 2023

En este artículo, deseamos reflexionar sobre un punto neurálgico en nuestra realidad educativa:si no cambiamos nuestra mentalidad docente, si no modificamos nuestro accionar comoprofesores, la brecha entre la realidad social y la burbuja de cristal en la que hemos convertidoa los centros de estudio, escuelas, colegios y universidades será cada vez más grande. Con unasituación como la que planteamos, no es difícil entender algunas de las razones por las que losestudiantes no alcanzan los resultados académicos que nosotros como enseñantes deseamos y,en un porcentaje alto (30 %, según los datos internos de la universidad), cambian de carrera o-lamentablemente- abandonan el proceso educativo. La transformación -necesaria y obligatoria-debe nacer de nosotros; no podemos exigírsela a nuestros estudiantes, pues es nuestraresponsabilidad hacer que sus aprendizajes sean significativos.
Génesis de la prensa periodística: entre la Reforma y las Revoluciones
Authors: Dargã Holdorf Ruben
Published: June 2023

Se enseña que Inglaterra y Estados Unidos se convirtieron en referentes para el primer periódicoy el primer curso de educación superior en el área de la prensa, y que el periodismo resultade los impulsos de las Revoluciones Industrial, Americana y Francesa. Hay quienes cuestionanesto señalando otros datos sobre la historia de la prensa escrita y la educación superiorde los periodistas como hechos cercanos a la Reforma protestante. Este artículo resulta de un levantamiento bibliográfico en Jorge Pedro Sousa (2008) y Wilson Martins (1996), apartir del video documental histórico “Las verdades sobre la Corte de Enrique VIII” (2015),de Philos TV, y de los conceptos de teoría de la ingeniería del discurso.
Indagación sobre el lugar de la economía política en los proyectos filosóficos de Smith y Hegel
Authors: Moyano Martín , Montero Christian , Geddo Santiago , Lorenzo Ezequiel
Published: June 2023

El presente trabajo se propone explorar el lugar de la economía política en los proyectosfilosóficos de Adam Smith y G. W. F. Hegel, procurando retomar el contenido teórico ínsitoen algunas de sus principales obras. Para ello, se buscará mostrar cómo ambos autores,ante la necesidad de trascender las relaciones sociales directas, desembocan en el estudio delas relaciones mercantiles. Hacia el final del artículo, se dedicarán unas breves reflexionesa las dificultades con las que tropiezan en la consecución de esta empresa y a la relevanciade su legado teórico.
Analysis of Lipid Nanoparticles
Authors: Auclair Jared
Published: June 2023

Over the last several years, our definition of biotherapeutics has evolved from solely protein-based therapeutics, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), to include such product classes as cell and gene therapies. Cell and gene therapies are unique products that require innovative and new approaches to formulation, specifically related to drug delivery. One such delivery modality that has gained significant traction is lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), which, as their name suggests, are nanoparticles comprised of lipids. The first LNP product approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration, was the liposome-encapsulated Doxil, whereas, in 2018, the United States Food and Drug Administration approved the small interfering RNA (siRNA) product Onpattro, using lipid nanoparticles as part of its formulation. Since then, LNPs have gained more international attention in their role in drug delivery because of the mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines. LNPs in the biopharmaceutical space are still in their infancy related to our understanding of them and how to characterize them, presenting both challenges and opportunities. In this column, we discuss some of those challenges and opportunities and look at the current and future landscape of the most common analytical tools used to analyze and characterize LNPs.
Housing Price Difference and Regional Human Capital Mobility—An Analysis Based on General Equilibrium Model for Yangtze River Delta Region of China
Authors: Shen Chaohai
Published: June 2023

This paper is to provide a preliminary result on the possibility of achieving socially efficient outcome given the complex relationship between housing price difference and human capital mobility within a region across different cities. With a general equilibrium model by slightly modifying the existing work with the feature of Hukou included, we find that, if there is there is no congestion in commuting and no spillover in production, the equilibrium allocation can be efficient even with housing price difference and household registration management restriction (Hukou) given the existence of equilibrium.
Hematologic Manifestations of Parvovirus B19 Infection
Authors: Algwaiz Ghada , Alharbi Abrar , Alsehaim Khuloud , Alahmari Ali , El Fakih Riad , Aljurf Mahmoud
Published: June 2023

Parvovirus B19 virus infection is widespread among humans because of its highly infectious and obstinate nature, with up to 80% of the population testing positive for IgG antibodies against the virus. Pronormoblasts observed in biopsy are the hallmarks of PVB19 infection. In addition, PVB19 affects the skin, heart, brain, joints, and liver and can be diagnosed through antibody detection or DNA detection via PCR. Due to its capsid proteins’ high affinity for bone marrow receptors, its main presentation is the suppression of bone marrow functions. It has been shown to affect patients with hemolytic anemia and patients with hematological malignancies, presenting with pure red cell aplasia. The main available effective treatment option is IV immunoglobulins; however, the risk of recurrence remains high after treatment.
Updates on the Treatment of Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor
Authors: Chan Abigail S. , Katiyar Vatsala , Dy Paul , Singh Vikas
Published: June 2023

Tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT) is a rare inflammatory disorder affecting the joint synovium, bursae, and tendon sheaths that causes non-specific and often insidious joint discomfort. The application of systemic chemotherapy has been limited due to poor and unsustained disease responses. Surgery with or without adjuvant radiation is the primary treatment modality for TGCT. With its locally destructive nature and increased recurrence, multiple surgical interventions become necessary throughout the course of the disease, leading to disfigurement, decreased quality of life, and increased mortality. However, owing to recent evidence demonstrating the overexpression of colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) in TGCT, selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting CSF-1 receptors are being developed. Pex- idartinib is the first CSF-1 receptor inhibitor approved for the treatment of TGCT. Here, we discuss various available treatment strategies and ongoing investigations and trials targeting diffuse TGCT, which include nilotinib, lacnotuzu- mab, cabiralizumab, vimseltinib, and emactuzumab.
Prevalence of Sleep Aid Medication Use in Patients Receiving a Hematopoietic Cell Transplant on an Inpatient Unit
Authors: Cusatis Rachel , Ibrahim Antony , Knight Jennifer M. , D'Souza Anita , Shaw Bronwen E.
Published: June 2023

Background and objectives:

There is a lack of research regarding the use of sleep aids after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT). We describe the prevalence of sleep aid administration in the HCT unit and identify associations with patient or clinical characteristics.

Patients and methods:

In this retrospective analysis of sequential inpatient HCTs from July 1 to December 31, 2016 we describe whether and when patients were prescribed sleep aid medications. Chi-square tests determined significant differences between patient characteristics, sleep aid prescription, and time of prescription.

Results:

Of the 225 patients identified, 193 (86%) were prescribed sleep aids. Significantly more women received prescriptions for sleep aids (90.4%) than men (81%; P = .047). One hundred patients (44%) received prescriptions exclusively while in the hospital.

Conclusion:

Findings show a high prevalence of sleep medication use in patients undergoing inpatient HCT, primarily during hospitalization. Future efforts toward standardized recommendations to optimize peri-transplant sleep would help clinicians and patients.
Venetoclax-based Treatment as Frontline Therapy for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Guru Murthy Guru Subramanian , Atallah Ehab
Published: June 2023

The availability of novel targeted agents has revolutionized the management of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Both B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) and Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors are highly effective agents for CLL treatment. Several clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of these agents in the management of newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory CLL. This has led to two broad approaches in the frontline management of CLL, namely venetoclax-based time-limited therapy versus BTK inhibitor-based continuous therapy. In this review, we discussed why we consider venetoclax-based therapy as a suitable frontline option for patients with CLL.
Peritoneal and Pleural Drains in Pediatric Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients with Veno-Occlusive Disease are Safe and Do Not Adversely Impact Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Rangarajan Hemalatha G. , Pai Vinita B. , Stanek Joseph R. , Rush Cassandra , Naples Jeffrey , Drope Misti , Polishchuk Veronika , Abu-Arja Rolla , Bajwa Rajinder PS.
Published: June 2023

There is a lack of data on the safety and efficacy of peritoneal drain (PD) and chest tube (CT) in the management of effusions in stem cell transplant recipients with veno-occlusive disease (VOD). In this retrospective pediatric study, clinical outcomes and health resource utilization (HRU) were compared in 32 patients with VOD who had a PD (PD+) post-HCT versus 27 patients who did not (PD-). Nine patients also had a CT (7 PD+ and 2 PD-). PD + patients were more likely than PD-patients to have received myeloablative conditioning (100% vs. 85.2%; p = 0.04) and have severe or very severe VOD (100% vs. 56% p < 0.01). Mechanical obstruction (38%) and hypotension (38%) were common complications, and 13% developed peritonitis. While the frequencies of cardiac dysfunction and acute kidney injury were comparable between both groups, respiratory support and its median duration were higher in PD + patients. The hospital and intensive care unit length of stay, albumin use, and the duration of defibrotide and albumin therapy was significantly longer in PD + patients. At a median follow-up of 1.04 years (range:0.03–14.6), the 2-year overall survival was similar in both groups (53.8% vs. 51.5%; p = 0.73). Although PD use was similar between 1995 and 2007 vs. 2008–2021; (47% vs. 58%; p = 0.65), day+100 mortality was improved in recent years (53.3% vs. 17.8%; p = 0.01), coinciding with the use of defibrotide (0% vs. 84%; p < 0.01). PD in pediatric patients with VOD post-HCT, although associated with increased HRU, was safe when clinically indicated and did not adversely impact clinical outcomes.
Cytogenetically Normal Acute Myeloid Leukaemia at a Single Centre in South Africa
Authors: Jenkins Nicholas , Blanshard Lee-Ann , Stone Marian , Verburgh Estelle , Oosthuizen Jenna , Shires Karen
Published: June 2023

Background and objectives:

The heterogeneous molecular landscape of cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (CN-AML) renders it an ongoing therapeutic challenge. The European LeukemiaNet (ELN) 2017 guidelines attempted to address this by guiding post-remission therapy according to six prognostically informative mutations. However, its applicability in a South African setting remains unclear due to limited local data. This retrospective study aimed to describe a South African CN-AML cohort according to clinicopathological and molecular features as well as treatment outcomes and, consequently, to investigate the local applicability of a triple-mutation testing approach for risk stratification in accordance with the ELN 2017 guidelines, using nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1), fms-related receptor tyrosine kinase 3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD), and CCAAT enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPA) mutation status.

Materials and methods:

A review of cytogenetic results for adult de novo AML cases diagnosed at Groote Schuur Hospital between 2005 and 2018 was performed. CN-AML cases were further characterized via a review of clinical and laboratory data and additional molecular testing on stored DNA samples to allow for mutation-based risk stratification and outcome analysis.

Results:

In total, 218 patients with AML were identified, of which 33% were cytogenetically normal. NPM1, FLT3-ITD, and CEBPA mutations were found in 39%, 34%, and 9% of CN-AML cases, respectively. Retrospective risk stratification according to mutations in these three genes accurately identified both patients at a high risk of induction-resistant disease and those who required an allogeneic stem cell transplant in their first complete remission.

Conclusion:

Local rates of CN-AML and associated NPM1 and FLT3-ITD mutations were comparable to those of European cohorts. Limited mutation analysis in the form of triple-mutation testing proved to be an economical and therapeutically informative prognostication approach for CN-AML in a resource-limited setting.
Effect of Early Post-Cesarean Skin-To-Skin Contact on the Psychological Status and the Success of Exclusive Breastfeeding
Authors: Eprila Eprila , Yunike Yunike
Published: June 2023

Early Initiation of Breastfeeding is an important step in preventing infant death in the early days of life through breastfeeding in the first two hours of a baby's life. Breastfeeding rates in women with caesarean sections are lower than mothers who have vaginal deliveries. In increasing the success of breastfeeding, skin-to-skin contact can be applied after the birth of the baby and is highly recommended for mothers and babies as a measure to prevent hypothermia, reduce crying time, provide bounding, cardiorespiratory stability for babies, reduce anxiety during the postpartum period, and the success of early initiation of breastfeeding. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of early post-cesarean skin-to-skin contact on the psychological status of the mother and the success of exclusive breastfeeding. This research method uses a quasi-experimental design with one-group pretest-posttest. The sample of this study was 30 mothers who gave birth by caesarean section. The data analysis used was the t test to see the significance value in the one group pretest-posttest design. In this study, the p-value was <0.05, so that skin-to-skin contact can increase the bond between mother and baby and affect the psychological status of the mother and the success of exclusive breastfeeding.