bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Statistical models based on morphometric traits for live body weight estimation in goats
Authors: Ouchene-Khelifi N.A. , Ouchene N.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The objective of this study was to develop statistical models to predict body weight from goat’s body measurements. Data on 1702 goats for circumferences of chest (CG), abdominal circumference (AC) and spiral circumference (SC), height at withers (WH), body length (BL), and body weight (BW) were analysed to study the relationship between linear body measurements and body weight. The present study revealed that in the goats from all breeds studied (Arabia, Makatia, Kabyle, M’zabite, Saanen and Alpine), the weight evolved in the same direction and at the same rate as the linear measurements chosen. The linear measurements were all significantly correlated with animal weight (p<0.001). Results indicated that Arabia goats had the highest WH (71.07 cm) and CG (17.72 cm). The highest measurements were reported in Alpine goats for AC (97.73 cm), BL (78.05 cm), SC (106.29 cm) and BW (41.60 kg). The Kabyle breed were recorded with the lowest values for the WH (64.95 cm), BL (67.58 cm) and BW (29.52 kg). The average live weight was 38.15±10.90 kg with differences according to age, sex and breed (Arabia, Makatia, Kabyle and M’Zabite). Positive and highly significant (p<0.001) correlations were observed between BW and the majority of independent variables. The highest relationship was illustrated between CG with BW (r=0.922). Linear regression analyses were performed to develop the models. The simple regression analysis found all parameters to be significant (p<0.001) (WH, BL, CG, AC and CS) and CG gave more precision on the weight when using a single measurement parameter (R2 varied between 0.950 and 0.967). Therefore, the following formula can be used to estimate the live weight of the animals using only the chest circumference (P=75*CG). The development of these equations would enable producers and researchers to predict the animal body weight and develop strategic plans for the relevant goat herds.
Postscripts: The Journal of Sacred Texts, Cultural Histories, and Contemporary Contexts with Brad Anderson
Authors: Anderson Bradford A.
Published: August 2021

Editor Bradford Anderson introduces readers of the Bulletin to the journal Postscripts: The Journal of Sacred Texts, Cultural Histories, and Contemporary Contexts. Readers learn aobut the publication's history, issue highlights, and current direction.
Introducing Jeri Wieringa
Authors: Bell Caitlyn
Published: August 2021

Despite the rising popularity of digital scholarship in the humanities, there still exists a great deal of tension between this new scholarship and more traditional methods. Primarily the concern lies in how to measure the work done between the two, with many seeing the former as less taxing than traditional methods and requiring additional work out of those pursuing digital scholarship. In a recent meeting of the American Academy of Religion (AAR), Jeri E. Wieringa spoke on a panel that showcased the digital work in the humanities so as to highlight the need for academia to better incorporate digital scholarship. Her talk, discussed prominently in this paper, highlighted her doctoral work and clearly expressed the similarities between traditional and digital methods of scholarly research.
How Do I Network?
Authors: D'Vice Sage
Published: August 2021

One of the more difficult aspects early career scholars have in navigating the field is developing a professional network. This essay, from the pseudonymous Sage D'Vice. outlines helpful tips for making connections to other scholars and advancing one's work.
Causation and Free Will in Early Buddhist Philosophy
Authors: Bernier Paul
Published: August 2021

Free will and determinism have recently attracted the attention of Buddhist scholars who have defended conflicting views on this issue. I argue that there is no reason to think that this problem cannot arise in Buddhist philosophy, since there are two senses of ‘free will’ that are compatible with the doctrine of non-self. I propose a reconstruction of a problem of free will and determinism in Early Buddhism, given a) the assumption that Buddhist causation entails universal causal determinism, and b) a crucial passage (A I 173–175) suggesting that Early Buddhism is committed to the principle of alternative possibilities which is arguably incompatible with a determinist interpretation of causation. This passage suggests that Early Buddhism must leave room for a robust, incompatibilist form of free will, and that a conception of indeterminist free will in the spirit of Robert Kane’s theory allows us to make sense of that notion.
Going Off the Map
Authors: Jones Dhivan Thomas
Published: August 2021

The early Buddhist exegetical text, the Nettippakarana, apparently uniquely, describes the stages of the path as ‘transcendental dependent arising’ (lokuttara paticca-samuppada), in contrast with the twelve nidanas, called ‘worldly dependent arising’ (lokiya paticca-samuppada). A close reading of the Nettippakarana in relation to another, related, exegetical text, the Petakopadesa, reveals that the latter interprets the same stages of the path in a different way. More broadly, while the Petakopadesa takes paticca-samuppada to refer only to the twelve nidanas, the Nettippakarana’s exegetical strategy takes paticca-samuppada to refer to an over-arching principle of conditionality, both ‘worldly’ and ‘transcendental’. This exegesis has proved popular with modern western Buddhist exegetes.
The use of ultrasonic densitometry in assessing bone mineral density and determining the 10-year risk of osteoporotic fractures in older women in the family doctor practice
Authors: Lukianets Yevheniia
Published: August 2021

Osteoporosis is the fourth most common disease after cardiovascular, cancer and endocrine diseases. With an increase in life expectancy, it becomes one of the main causes of deterioration in health and an increase in mortality.

The aim of the study. To identify women with low bone density using ultrasound densitometry and assess the risk of osteoporotic fractures.

Materials and methods. The study was based on a survey of 31 women in the Odessa region, the average age of the subjects was 57±9.1 years, the average body weight was 75.74±12.5 kg, height 162.8±0.1 cm, the average BMI was 28.57±4.5. All women were divided into groups by age with a ten-year interval and by densitometry indices.

Results. Decrease in bone density was found in 51.6 % of examined women. The lowest BMD was in the age group of 70–79 years, and the largest numbers of respondents with osteopenic changes were at the age of 50–59. A linear correlation was found between BMD and age at the level of significance p=0.007. The linear regression equation is: t=-0.03968 *age+1.268, (r=-0.473). In women with osteopenia, a significant increase in indicators was found for almost all algorithms for assessing the 10-year risk of fractures at p<0.05 (except for FRAX Hiр without BMD (p=0.087)) and a significant decrease in ultrasound densitometry indicators compared with women with normal BMD. Women with fractures had significantly higher scores according to the FRAX Total algorithms without BMD (p=0.002), FRAX Hiр without BMD (p=0.004) and Q-fracture Hiр (p=0.044).

Conclusions. Most women had osteopenic manifestations according to ultrasound densitometry. Age significantly correlates with BMD parameters. The numbers of women with changes in the structure of bone tissue increases with age, and, after 70 years, all women have osteopenic manifestations. The algorithms for assessing the 10-year risk of fractures FRAX and Q-Fracture reliably correlate with densitometry indicators. The combination of ultrasound densitometry with algorithms for assessing the risk of osteoporotic fractures significantly increases the diagnosis of osteoporosis
Clinical and morphological comparison of respiratory failure in patients with COVID-19 who died under different options of respiratory support
Authors: Skoryk Vita , Korsunov Volodymyr , Bocharova Tetiana , Nartov Pavel , Valentina Maslova
Published: August 2021

The aim. Based on the study of the effect of invasive mechanical ventilation and NIV in the CPAP mode on the pathomorphosis of lung damage in patients with HRF caused by SARS-nCoV-2 and deaths in intensive care unit (ICU), determine the safest method of respiratory support.
Materials and methods. The study included morphological material from 20 patients with HRF caused by SARS-nCoV-2 (COVID-19) who died in ICU. Group 1 included patients who received non-invasive lung ventilation in CPAP mode through a face mask (n=10), group 2 - patients who underwent invasive ventilation (n=10). The prepared sections, 5 μm thick, were stained according to the Van Gizon method. Photomicrographs were taken using Zeiss ZENliteimaging. Data are presented as M [25-75] and P±Sp. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using the program “Statistica 10”. Significance of differences in indicators was assessed using the nonparametric Wilcoxon test, the parametric Student's test. The results were considered reliable at values of p<0.05.
Results The morphological structure of the lungs of patients of group 1 corresponded to the exudative phase of DAD with severe edematous-hemorrhagic syndrome, signs of interstitial pneumonia with desquamation of alveolocytes and the formation of hyaline membranes. In patients of group 2 in the lung tissue there was a picture of the proliferative phase of DAD with signs of interstitial pneumonia, and the development of focal fibrosing alveolitis. Thus, invasive mechanical ventilation, can accelerate the development of irreversible processes in the lungs in the form of fibrosing alveolitis and promote the formation of ventilator-associated pneumonia
Conclusions. CPAP NIV is a promising method of respiratory support in patients with ARDS caused by SARS-nCoV-2 virus (COVID-19), which needs further study
Analysis of test results of a household absorption refrigerating appliance on an electric and gas source of thermal energy
Authors: Adambayev Daniyorbek , Titlov Alexander
Published: August 2021

One of the biggest challenges for refrigeration systems is their conversion to environmentally friendly refrigerants. This attracts the attention of developers of household refrigeration equipment to absorption refrigeration devices (ARD), which include an absorption refrigeration unit (ARU). ARD working fluid consists of natural components - ammonia water solution with the addition of an inert gas (hydrogen). Therefore, the use of ARU can be considered as one of the options for transferring to environmentally friendly refrigerants. In recent years, in connection with the rapidly developing gasification of the population of Europe, an alternative has arisen - the operation of household ARD on natural gas. Natural gas can become an alternative to electrical energy in stationary operating conditions of household refrigeration appliances. Thus, the object of the study was a single-chamber household refrigerator with a low-temperature compartment "Kiev-410" (Ukraine).
In this paper, the study is aimed at comparing the thermal modes of operation and the costs of operating a household ARD on electric energy and natural gas. To solve this, it was necessary to determine the temperatures at the characteristic points of the refrigeration apparatus and in the chamber, as well as the energy consumption of the absorption-type apparatus in accordance with regulatory documents, at various values of the thermal load on the thermosyphon and various ambient temperatures.
The studies were carried out at elevated outdoor temperatures: 28–33 ° С. The range of thermal loads on the ARU thermosyphon electric heater was 50–130 W. The range of numerical values of natural gas consumption in the burner was (2.8–8.8) • 10-6 m3/s. In the process of conducting experimental studies of household ARD, results were obtained showing the economic prospects of working in stationary conditions on natural gas.
At the same time, ARD of increased useful volume (200 dm3 and above) has the greatest prospects. The daily operating costs in them are 0.078...0.084 USD, which is 23...27 % lower than the case of using electricity. When the ARU thermosyphon is built into the heating and hot water supply system, it becomes possible to use the temperature potential of the waste products of combustion and completely eliminate operating costs.
Errors classification method for electric motor torque measurement
Authors: Kulyk Mykola , Kvasnikov Volodymyr , Kvashuk Dmytro , Beridze-Stakhovskyi Anatolii
Published: August 2021

The use of high-precision measuring instruments for determining the torque of electric motors in such areas as medicine, motor transport, shipping, aviation requires the improvement of the metrological characteristics of measuring instruments. This, in turn, requires an accurate assessment of their error. Of particular importance is the measurement of power at high-speed installations, where in some cases conventional measurement systems are either unsuitable or have low accuracy.
Thus, the use of high-speed turbomachines in aviation, transport, and rocketry creates an urgent need for the development of high-quality measuring instruments for conducting precise research. In turn, in the absence of means for accurately determining the error, attempts are made to predict them. This makes it possible to timely identify the influence of many factors on the accuracy of measuring instruments.
The increase in the error arises, as a rule, through abrupt changes in the measurement conditions. Such errors are unpredictable, and their significance is difficult to predict.
In the course of the study, the K-nearest neighbors method was used, to establish criteria for which a gross error may occur.
The results obtained make it possible to establish threshold values at which the maximum deviation can be established under various conditions of the experiment. In a computational experiment using the K-nearest neighbors method, the following factors were investigated: vibration; temperature rise of measuring sensors; instabilities in the supply voltage of the electric motor, which affect the accuracy of the strain gauge and frequency converter. As a result, the maximum errors were obtained depending on the indicated influence factors.
It has been experimentally confirmed that the K-nearest neighbors method can be used to classify deviations of the nominal value of the error of measuring instruments under various measurement conditions. A metrological stand has been developed for the experiment. It includes a strain gauge sensor for measuring torque and a photosensitive sensor for measuring the speed of the electric motor. Signal conversion from these sensors is implemented on the basis of the ESP8266 microcontroller
Estimation of the error of the simplified algorithm of processing of functions of deflations of deformed frames of bodies of rolling stock
Authors: Horobets Yevhen
Published: August 2021

The study is aimed at assessing the size of the error that arises when processing the results of examining the geometric characteristics of the bearing structures of rolling stock units using an algorithm without using trigonometric functions. The object of the research is a method of simplified alignment of the deflection function of body frame beams to the horizontal plane. One of the biggest problem areas is the lack of understanding by some customers of the work of the possibility of using this algorithm due to the lack of information about the errors that arise in the simplified calculation.
The study was carried out by comparing the results of processing the initial data by two methods, obtained during the work on the inspection of the state of the supporting structures of the unit of the shunting diesel locomotive TGM6. One method, the algorithm of which is the subject of this study, assumes that no complex calculations are used during data processing. The second method involves the use of an algorithm for aligning the deflection functions of the body frame beams of a rolling stock unit of railways in the horizontal plane, taking into account all trigonometry tools, which will exclude the accompanying calculation errors of the simplified method.
After processing the initial data, two sets of results were obtained – with the desired calculation error and without. Comparison of these datasets yielded an error value for frame tilt of 5.7. For clarity, the size of the error was compared with the expanded uncertainty values of the main sources of uncertainty in the methodology for examining the bearing structures of rolling stock. On the basis of the analysis of two methods of leveling the inclination to the horizontal plane of the deformed rolling stock body frame, the expediency of such an approach has been proved.
The results obtained make it possible to reasonably use the Simplified approach to processing the data obtained during the survey of the geometric characteristics of the rolling stock. If necessary, the developed mathematical model can be used to improve the accuracy of calculating the uncertainty of measurements of geometric characteristics, as well as for use in the study of modification of existing or development of new measurement techniques
Analysis of innovative technologies and identification of new information tools for effective activities of enterprises on the example of the financial market of Ukraine
Authors: Rudyanova Tatyana , Lebid Oksana
Published: August 2021

The object of research is modern innovative information technologies as a factor in market transformation. The subject of research is the theoretical and methodological foundations of the use of financial technologies in the financial sector of the economy. One of the important problems for the world financial market today is to increase the efficiency of its functioning through the introduction of modern management methods based on innovative information technologies. The most problematic areas is the use of proprietary software. The importance of the latter factor is increasing every year due to the strengthening of legislative requirements and pressure from rightholders. That is why it is advisable to offer the Blueshift platform, which will help expand the capabilities and functions of financial and economic activities.
The study used methods of collecting, processing and interpreting information about innovative financial products, and theoretical generalization, analysis of definitions, comparative analysis, concretization and systematization of modern financial technologies, observation and visual presentation of the analysis results.
The main hypothesis of the study is the assumption that the use of modern innovative information platforms will allow active users to increase the efficiency of making ready-made decisions when solving problems arising in the financial sector of the economy. It is impossible to confirm this hypothesis without a detailed analysis of financial technologies, as well as innovations associated with modern open source systems, which allow market participants to reduce costs and maximize the likelihood of data protection. In paper, it was proposed to use the Blueshift platform for research and implementation of systematic investment strategies based on its built-in capabilities. The advantages and disadvantages of using the Blueshift platform as a «platform as a service» are analyzed. Thanks to this innovation, such advantages in functionality as information security, ease of adaptation, and economic benefits can be obtained.
Surveying Tasks Solution Automation in the Framework of Mining and Geological Information System Creation at PJSC "Uralkali"
Authors: Kutovoy Sergey N. , Kataev Anatoliy V. , Vasenin Denis A. , Batalov Ilya A. , Svintsov Denis I.
Published: August 2021

The results of work on the automation of the solution of engineering problems facing the specialists of mine surveying services of the mines of PJSC "Uralkali" are presented. The developed software modules are fully integrated into the corporate mining and geological information system of PJSC "Uralkali" and are grouped into specialized software systems - automated workstations. These complexes are installed at the workplaces of various mining specialists, from the heads of technical departments to employees of departments at mines. In total, 21 software systems were developed, of which three workstations were created for the specialists of the company's mine surveying service. For the mine surveying departments at the mines, an automated workstation "Local mine surveyor" was developed and put into commercial operation, for the department of capital surveying and geodetic works - an automated workstation "Capital mine surveying", for employees of the department of the chief mine surveyor of PJSC "Uralkali" - an automated workstation "Chief surveyor". The software modules that are part of the automated workstations of the specialists of the mine surveying service allow in an automated mode to solve a wide range of engineering problems, due to the requirements of the current regulatory documents. Among them, one can single out such tasks as: processing the results of instrumental survey of underground and surface objects and, on its basis, replenishment of mining and graphic documentation in digital form (2D and 3D); mining planning and design; preparation, editing and printing of standard technical documentation (payroll, tables, reports and graphics); solving issues of safe mining; analysis of the implementation of planned and design indicators of the mining enterprise, etc.
Yalın altı sigma: Kavramsal bir derleme
Authors: AKCA İhsan , TUZCUOĞLU Ferruh
Published: August 2021

Günümüz iş hayatında sürdürülebilir olmak, örgütlerin en büyük hedefi haline gelmiştir. Rekabet avantajı sağlayarak ürün ve hizmet sunumunda müşteri memnuniyetinin ve paydaş tatmininin sağlanması sadece özel sektörün değil kamu kurumlarının da önemli bir önceli olarak dikkat çekmeye başlamıştır. Bu kapsamda örgütler, post modern yönetim yaklaşımları uygulayarak çağın gerektirdiği değişimleri başlatabilmekte, çevreyi analiz ederek proaktif ve reaktif stratejiler oluşturabilmektedir. Bu süreçte örgütlerin yararlandığı çeşitli yöntemler mevcuttur. Altı Sigma kavramı üretim işletmeleri başta olmak üzere pek çok işletmede müşteri memnuniyeti sağlama ve kaliteyi arttırma hususunda mükemmeliyetçiliği ve hatasızlığı savunan bir kavram olarak ele alınmaktadır. Diğer taraftan yalın üretim ve yönetim uygulamaları da faaliyetlerin gerçekleştirilmesinde ihtiyaç olmayan unsurlardan arınmış olmayı benimseme sanatıdır. Yalın Altı Sigma kavramı ise iş birimi ve süreçlere birlikte odaklanan bir felsefedir. Yalın Altı Sigma, Altı Sigmanın ve Yalın Yönetimin avantajlarını tek bir yönetsel teknikte ele alarak kurumsal süreçlerin tamamında mükemmeliyetçiliği ve yalınlığı savunmaktadır. Bu araştırmada Yalın Altı Sigma kavramının ortaya çıkmasında etkili olan Altı Sigma ve Yalın Yönetim teknikleri ele alınarak Yalın Altı Sigma’nın kuramsal olarak incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Altı Sigma, Yalın Yönetim ve Yalın Altı Sigma ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalara atıfta bulunulmuş, kavramın özel ve kamu sektöründe ihtiyaç duyulan alanlarda kurumların tek bir süreç ya biriminde değil tamamında benimsenip uygulanması gerekliliği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Gayrimenkul yatırım ortaklıklarının kârlılık oranlarının borsa performansına etkisi
Authors: DURER Salih , KÖTEN Ayşegül Berrak
Published: August 2021

Gayrimenkul Yatırım Ortaklığı (GYO), halka açılma yoluyla toplanan fonların gayrimenkul sektörüne kanalize edilmesi suretiyle belli bir miktardaki birikimleri ile gayrimenkule yönelik yatırımda bulunmak isteyen tasarruf sahiplerinin meydana gelen değer artışından yararlanmaları bakımından önem taşımaktadır faydalanmalarını sağlamaları açısından önemlidir. Böylelikle GYO’lar, yatırımcıların yalnız başlarına satın alımlarını gerçekleştiremeyecekleri gayrimenkullere ortak olabilme imkânı sunmaktadır. Özellikle, gelişmekte olan ülkelerde gayrimenkul yatırımları, diğer yatırım alanlarına göre daha az riskli olmaları ve yatırımcılara uzun vadede daha yüksek getiri sağlamaları nedeniyle yatırımcılar için daha cazip görünmektedir. Ayrıca, GYO’ların kârlılık oranlarının borsa performanslarını nasıl ve ne yönde etkileyeceği de yatırımcılar için önem taşımaktadır. Türkiye’de son yıllarda gayrimenkul sektöründe gözlemlenen hareketlilik, yatırımcıların gayrimenkul projelerine yönelmelerinin yanı sıra GYO’lara yatırımda bulunarak kazanç sağlama arzuları, bu sektörde faaliyette bulunan şirketlerin başarımlarını yakınen takip etmeyi zorunlu kılar. Buradan yola çıkarak, Borsa İstanbul’da işlem gören GYO’ların kârlılık oranlarının borsa performans endekslerinden piyasa değeri/defter değeriyle (PD/DD) ilişkisi panel regresyon analizi yardımıyla analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda, vergi öncesi kar/öz kaynak oranı ve kümülatif kârlılık oranı PD/DD değişkeni üzerinde anlamlı ilişkili değildir. Buna karşılık, faaliyet karı/net satış oranı, faaliyet karı/varlık oranı, net kar/özkaynak oranı ve net kar/varlık toplam oranı PD/DD değişkeni üzerinde olumlu yönde anlamlı ilişkilidir.
USING A GENETIC ALGORITHM TO SOLVE THE COURSES TIMETABLING CREATION PROBLEM
Authors: Sakaliuk O. , Trishyn F.
Published: August 2021

Creating of courses timetable is an extremely difficult, time-consuming task and usually takes a long time. In many educational institutions, the courses schedule is developed manually. Schedule theory includes problems that are actually less complex than problems in practice, but theoretical analysis provides a fundamental understanding of the complexity of the schedule. The logical result is that the schedule is very difficult to build in practice due to many constraints [1].
Scheduling courses is a planning problem. In 1996, the problem of scheduling was described as the allocation of some resources with restrictions on a limited number of time intervals and at the same time to satisfy the set of stated objectives [2]. This is a general statement and is a common description of the courses timetabling creation problem. Schedule of courses is an important administrative activity in most educational institutions. The timetable problem is the distribution of classes by available audiences and time intervals, taking into account the constraints. We usually distinguish between two types of constraints: hard and soft. Hard constraints are compulsorily fulfilled by the educational institution. Decisions that do not violate hard constraints are called possible solutions.
With the development of the general theory of the schedule, the approaches to the formalization and solution of the courses timetabling creation problem in educational institutions also changed. Currently, the problem of automation of the courses timetabling creation remains relevant. The urgency of the problem is determined by the growing requirements for the quality of education, student work planning, rational use of the audiences, as well as taking into account additional optimization parameters. The task of finding the optimal schedule of courses in most cases belongs to the class of complex problems. If we take into account the real conditions, the problem is even more complicated, because the desired solutions must meet numerous constraints of production, organizational and psychophysiological nature, which contradict each other. The genetic algorithm helps to efficiently search for optimal solutions in spaces with a very large dimension.
Family members seeking compulsory hospitalization for drug-using members: profile, expectations and needs
Authors: Silva Lorena Laiza Santana Veiga , Silva Jair Lourenço da , Cruz Maria Goreti da Silva , Perseguino Marcelo Geovane , Horta Ana Lúcia de Moraes
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: to outline the profile and understand the expectations and needs of family members who seek compulsory hospitalization for drug-using members. Method: Mixed research; data collected involving 101 medical records and semi-structured interviews with 26 family members. SPSS software and content analysis was used. Results: The sample was characterized predominantly by women. Most users had other treatment modalities. Significant associations were observed between the request for hospitalization, the presence of aggressiveness, and other behaviors typical of harmful drug use for requesting compulsory hospitalization. The categories were: The difficult coexistence with the user; the journey of family members to “bring the user back to life”; Expectations and needs regarding compulsory hospitalization. Conclusion: The study provided a broader view of the complexity and inter-subjectivities of family systems in the face of the drug cycle, promoting discussions and strategies for multidisciplinary services in the comprehensive care of these families.
RESEARCH ON KNEE SPORTS INJURY CLASSIFICATION BASED ON MEDICAL IMAGES AND KWON3D SOFTWARE
Authors: Liu Nai , Liu Bichuan
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT Introduction: The integrity of articular cartilage determines the functional state of the joint. In recent years, the development of MRI sequences of various articular cartilage has become the focus of many research topics. Objective: The accuracy of diagnosis of knee cartilage injury caused by motion injury was studied retrospectively by meta-three-dimensional software. Methods: Forty-six knee joints of 45 patients with sports injuries, multi-sequence MRI was performed before surgery, including conventional knee MRI (SET1WI, FSEPD/T2WI), 3D SPGR, and 3D FIESTA sequences. Results: According to the operation results, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 3D SPGR combined with conventional MRI sequence evaluation of cartilage damage are the highest, 73%, 98%, 95%, and 90%. Conclusions: 3D SPGR combined with conventional MRI sequences can improve accurate evaluation and diagnosis of cartilage disease over a reasonable scan time. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.
O “Princípio de Pascal” nos livros do PNLD 2018: uma análise crítica multicontextual (histórica e conceitual)
Authors: Hidalgo Juliana M. , Queiroz Daniel de Medeiros , Anselmo Dory H.A.L.
Published: August 2021

Esse trabalho apresenta uma avaliação crítica multicontextual, histórica e conceitual, do Princípio de Pascal nos livros didáticos de Física aprovados no Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD) 2018. A análise realizada levou em consideração os seguintes aspectos: o enunciado do Princípio de Pascal sob o ponto de vista conceitual; relações entre ciência e tecnologia, tendo em vista dispositivos relacionados ao Princípio; fontes históricas primárias e secundárias relacionadas ao desenvolvimento do Princípio de Pascal; fundamentação historiográfica e apontamentos da legislação educacional para a inserção didática da História e da Filosofia da Ciência. Foram notadas inconsistências no que diz respeito à aplicabilidade do Princípio de Pascal, visões simplistas sobre a ciência e sobre as relações entre ciência e tecnologia, distorções históricas, anacronismos e abordagens historicamente descontextualizadas. Em face do referido cenário, são apontadas sugestões para uma inserção didática mais adequada.
Elaboração de um jogo didático de biofísica como ferramenta de aprendizado e motivação para acadêmicos do curso de medicina
Authors: Machado Mariana , Alves Isabelle Santos , Maia Eva Rita Ribeiro Medeiro , Magalhães Alessandra Alves da Silva , Cordeiro Isabelle Bezerra
Published: August 2021

Devido à pandemia da COVID-19, as Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) necessitaram elaborar estratégias para manter as atividades de ensino e garantir que os alunos permaneçam com acesso à educação durante o isolamento social. Nesse contexto, a incorporação de metodologias ativas e o uso de recursos como jogos educativos se tornam ferramentas importantes para permitir aos discentes maior socialização, desenvolvimento da criatividade e a iniciativa para a resolução de problemas. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo elaborar um jogo didático baseado no Jogo Perfil, com o propósito de auxiliar na fixação de conceitos importantes na disciplina de Biofísica. A proposta do jogo foi estimular a motivação dos alunos, auxiliar na fixação de conceitos relacionados ao tema de estudo e promover uma maior socialização dos estudantes. No total, 39 alunos participantes foram questionados ao final do jogo sobre a sua percepção e aprendizado, e relataram que a estratégia contribuiu para sua motivação e melhor desempenho na disciplina. Estratégias como a elaboração de jogos didáticos e metodologias ativas são importantes para que assuntos mais complexos, como o ensino da Biofísica, se tornem mais prazerosos e tragam maior participação efetiva dos estudantes no processo de aprendizagem.
Reinsurance and Solvency Capital: Mitigating Insurance Companies’ Ruin Probability
Authors: Euphasio Junior Jorge Wilson , Carvalho João Vinícius França
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT Context: insurance companies are important to society, since they guarantee financial protection to individuals from property losses, in addition to fostering the capital market through the allocation of guarantee assets. Thus, it is essential to evaluate the instruments that guarantee their long-term financial solvency. Among them are the adoption of reinsurance treaties, the sizing of the solvency capital, and the actuarial modeling of risk processes, which allow the measurement of the ruin probability. Objective: estimate the ruin probability in risk processes with the adoption of reinsurance contracts (quota share and excess of loss), compared to scenarios without such treaties. Methods: the Cramér-Lundberg process was simulated using the Monte Carlo method, adjusting several probabilistic distributions to the severity of the compound Poisson process, which is calibrated with a set of 3,917,863 real microdata, from 30 insurance lines of business. Results: it was found that, although each branch presents particularities in the claim severity, the correct choice of reinsurance (proportional or not) implies the reduction of the ruin probability for a fixed solvency capital. Conclusion: the appropriate choice of the reinsurance contract, especially when there is evidence of high kurtosis in the claim values, intensifies the exponential decline in the relationship between the solvency capital and the ruin probability.
Relacional: Easing the Crisis Effects in the Education Sector
Authors: Cernev Adrian Kemmer , Menegon Letícia Fantinato , Maia Marta de Campos
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT This teaching case addresses the need for change in Relacional’s business strategy, driven by the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Brazilian educational sector in the first half of 2020. The startup is a software warehouse whose systems seek to solve specific problems of educational institutions, from basic to higher level, such as relationship, attraction, and retention of students. In the midst of a scenario of probable crisis in the sector, the partners seek business alternatives to assist educational institutions while wanting to ensure the growth and continuity of the company itself. Applicable in Entrepreneurship, Marketing, and IT courses in undergraduate and graduate Business Management programs, this case addresses concepts of Information Economy, models of offer and pricing of software.
O QUADRANTE VAZIO Estilos de campanhas eleitorais digitais nas eleições para deputados distritais em 2018
Authors: Bülow Marisa von , Brandão Igor
Published: August 2021

Resumo Este artigo mapeia e analisa as estratégias eleitorais digitais utilizadas pelos (as) deputados (as) distritais eleitos em 2018 no Distrito Federal. Com base em entrevistas qualitativas, análise de documentos e análise de dados de gastos de campanhas, propõe uma tipologia de quatro estilos de campanhas eleitorais digitais. A análise mostra que, pese à crescente relevância das tecnologias digitais em campanhas eleitorais, um quadrante permanece vazio: o das campanhas que priorizam gastos com impulsionamento de conteúdo online ao mesmo tempo em que utilizam uma grande diversidade de plataformas digitais. O artigo argumenta que as práticas adotadas resultam de processos dinâmicos de aprendizado dos atores em um contexto de incerteza quanto ao uso e à efetividade de novas estratégias digitais. Argumenta também que esses processos são relacionais, no sentido de que a incorporação de tecnologias é em parte fruto da interação com os eleitores, que pressionam os candidatos a ter maior presença digital.
Pontos e contrapontos no desenvolvimento da interdisciplinaridade na formação técnica em enfermagem
Authors: Fontana Patricia Maia , Pinto Adriana Avanzi Marques , Marin Maria José Sanches
Published: August 2021

RESUMO Objetivo Caracterizar os pontos e contrapontos no desenvolvimento da interdisciplinaridade na formação técnica em Enfermagem. Método Estudo exploratório-descritivo com abordagem qualitativa realizada por meio de entrevistas com 30 docentes e coordenadores de cursos técnicos em Enfermagem de 12 diferentes regiões do estado de São Paulo. A análise dos dados foi de conteúdo temática. Resultados No que se refere à temática de direcionamento institucional, constatou-se que, embora existam iniciativas para promover a interdisciplinaridade, uma vez que há capacitação docente e definição de metas para articulação com outros cursos e para o trabalho em conjunto entre os docentes das disciplinas, estas ainda são vagas e pouco efetivas. Na temática, implementação da interdisciplinaridade pelos docentes, verifica-se que eles buscam diferentes formas de integração, mas esbarram na estrutura curricular, na forma de contratação docente e na resistência às mudanças. Sobre a compreensão conceitual, há o reconhecimento de aspectos relevantes do seu significado; porém, admitem a existência de limites. Conclusão A instituição define uma trajetória visando à interdisciplinaridade, os docentes buscam percorrer o caminho de sua implementação, porém encontram entraves estruturais, pouca compreensão conceitual e resistência a mudanças. Depreende-se que são necessários esforços para avançar na implementação curricular na lógica interdisciplinar.
An analysis of health and safety provisions in NEC contracts
Authors: Ndekugri Issaka , Ankrah Nii A , Adaku Ebenezer , Mzyece Dingayo
Published: August 2021

The 2015 edition of the Construction (Design and Management) (CDM) Regulations imposes statutory duties on the project client and other project supply chain members. It is the client’s statutory duty to make and implement arrangements for effective management of health and safety (H&S) on the project. It also created two statutory duty holders that the client must appoint to coordinate H&S management. To manage the performance of the duty holders effectively, the client must enter into a contract with each of them that imposes their statutory duties as contractual obligations. This paper critically analyses two representative contracts in the NEC family of contracts to provide guidance on their H&S provisions and pointers to possible review in future editions. An important finding is that the contracts state the H&S duties in very general terms with the expectation that users will draft the details on the CDM duties as part of the scope contract document. This approach has the advantage of flexibility to accommodate international use of the contracts. It is recommended that the promoters consider the alternative of capturing appropriate CDM-related duties as a standard optional clause for adoption by UK users. Suggestions are made as to the terms in such an optional clause.
Mediastinum Lymph Node Metastasis with Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
Authors: T Kusunoki , H Homma , Y Kidokoro , A Yoshikawa , K Tanaka , S Kubo , R Wada
Published: August 2021

Background: Superior Vena Cava Syndrome (SVCS) is an increase in the upper body venous pressure caused by obstruction or stenosis of the Superior Vena Cava (SVC), which causes congestion of the head, face, upper limbs, neck and upper body. The main etiology has been reported to be tumors of the lungs or mediastinum, and aortic aneurysm.
Индикаторы цифровой экономики: 2021
Authors: Абдрахманова Гульнара , Вишневский Константин , Гохберг Леонид , Демидкина Ольга , Демьянова Анна , Дранев Юрий , Зорина Ольга , Ковалева Галина , Коцемир Максим , Кузнецова Ирина , Кучин Илья , Лола Инна , Озерова Ольга , Остапкович Георгий , Ратай Татьяна , Репина Алевтина , Рыжикова Зинаида , Стрельцова Екатерина , Суслов Антон , Туровец Юлия , Утятина Кристина , Фридлянова Светлана , Фурсов Константин , Шугаль Николай , Левен Екатерина , Ломакин Иван , Мартынов Денис , Нечаева Елена , Рудь Виталий
Published: August 2021

Статистический сборник продолжает серию публикаций, посвященных основным аспектам развития цифровой экономики в России. В нем представлены статистические данные, характеризующие деятельность организаций по созданию, распространению и использованию цифровых технологий и связанных с ними продуктов и услуг, вовлеченность населения в цифровую среду. В отдельных разделах рассматриваются позиции России в международных рейтингах и показатели развития цифровой экономики в субъектах Российской Федерации. В публикации использованы материалы Минцифры России, Росстата, Минобрнауки России, Минздрава России, Минкультуры России, Банка России, ФТС России, Организации экономического сотрудничества и развития (ОЭСР), Евростата, Международного союза электросвязи (МСЭ), Департамента по экономическим и социальным вопросам ООН, Всемирного экономического форума, Всемирной организации интеллектуальной собственности, а также собственные разработки Института статистических исследований и экономики знаний Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики». В ряде случаев данные по отдельным показателям уточняют ранее опубликованные.
An analysis of the COVID-19 Infodemic: The impact of American public sources on sentiment, conversation, and physician behaviour towards hydroxychloroquine
Authors: Chan Emily W.L. , Choi Ginah , Wong Kendrew S.K. , Zeng Shirley , Verma Anish
Published: August 2021

The COVID-19 infodemic, described as an overabundance of both accurate and inaccurate information, poses a significant public health risk in spreading fear and provoking inappropriate prescription. The overwhelming and often contradictory information on as potential treatments for COVID-19 have contributed to this infodemic. Public sources including the US federal government, health organizations, and research publications have released conflicting statements on the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine. Previous research has not analyzed the influence of these sources on public attitudes and conversation towards the drug. To evaluate this impact, changes in the number and sentiment of tweets tagged with the hashtag or keyword “hydroxychloroquine” from March 12th to June 22nd, 2020 in relation to public sources were analyzed. We found that the US government had a statistically significant influence on public attitudes and behaviour (p < 0.001), unlike health organizations and research publications. Public sentiment on hydroxychloroquine has also been observed to become more negative over time, suggesting that public attitudes towards controversial topics can change. This study also found a positive correlation between public sentiment of hydroxychloroquine and other drugs (i.e. azithromycin and remdesivir) which indicates that public sources disseminating hydroxychloroquine-related information could also affect public attitudes towards related treatments. In a public health crisis, all statements and actions from public sources regarding contentious topics like hydroxychloroquine should be made with caution. To mitigate the disproportionate influence of public sources in an infodemic, we recommend three solutions: (a) education to empower individuals of all ages to develop critical thinking and digital literacy skills; (b) stronger action from social media platforms in labeling misinformation; (c) and cooperation between entities with strong influence (e.g. federal government) and other sources for public health measures. Together, these recommendations could resolve shortcomings existent with a single approach. Future research should be conducted with a custom trained model for sentiment analysis. It would also be valuable to conduct a similar version of the study on other social media platforms as well as for public health issues beyond COVID-19.
Twin Studies in Sleep Medicine: A Review
Authors: McCall Catherine , Duncan Glen , Watson Nathaniel
Published: August 2021

Sleep and sleep disorders are complex phenotypes with genetic, epigenetic, and environmental influences. Twin studies allow researchers to parse out how these factors influence variability in sleep outcomes such as sleep duration and quality, chronotype, and disorders such as insomnia, hypersomnia, sleep apnea, sleep-related movement disorders, and parasomnias. Twin studies assess the overlap in genetic influences for sleep variance and other medical and psychiatric disorders and allow exploration of gene-environment interactions. Longitudinal twin studies demonstrate how these interactions change over the course of a lifetime. In general, twin studies demonstrate that the heritability of common sleep measures such as duration, quality, and chronotype is about 30-50%; however, this can vary widely between samples according to age, sex, comorbidities, and geographic location. Similarly, the heritability of sleep disorders including insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, and parasomnias is also around 30-50%, with higher estimates for disorders known to run in families, such as sleepwalking. Heritability estimates for medical and psychiatric problems including obesity, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and mortality are higher with short sleep duration (typically < 7 h/n), suggesting that short sleep activates disease-related gene expression. Significant genetic overlap exists between insomnia and issues such as obesity, chronic pain, depression, and psychosis. In this review, we describe the major findings of twin studies related to sleep and how they impact our understanding of this critical component of health and disease.
Insucesso de alunos e alunas no exame de Biologia e Geologia: estudo com professores
Authors: Lopes Teresa , Precioso José
Published: August 2021

O insucesso no exame de Biologia e Geologia em Portugal é muito elevado e tem grande repercussão no prosseguimento de estudos. Esta investigação qualitativa pretendeu averiguar: 1) perceções de professores e professoras sobre as causas de insucesso no exame em função do sexo; 2) opiniões sobre as características da prova; 3) medidas promotoras de sucesso. Recolheram-se dados através de entrevista semidirigida a 15 professores que atribuem o insucesso ao facto de existir exame, às suas características e a dificuldades dos alunos. Sugerem como medidas promotoras de sucesso: redução do programa da disciplina e adequação do grau de dificuldade da prova aos alunos. Os docentes do sexo masculino mostram-se mais preocupados com o insucesso dos rapazes.