bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pairing and superconducting properties of 2D Fermi systems with attraction
Authors: Gorbar É. V. , Gusynin V. P. , Loktev V. M.
Published: January 2025

Proceeding from a microscopic model Hamiltonian for a system of Fermi particles with attraction, we have derived an effective Lagrangian, which allows analysis of the superconducting properties of the system for arbitrary fermion concentrations. Exact solution of the equations for the gap and the chemical potential enables us to examine the crossover from the regime of local pairs and superfluidity to the Cooper pairing and the BCS-like superconductivity. It is shown that the physical parameter that demarcates the regions of exotic and normal behavior is the fermion bound state energy. The expressions derived suggest that in the region of relatively low concentrations the parameters of a 2D metal correspond to a type-II superconductor.
Response of a superconductor in the non-Josephson oscillation mode to an external magnetic field
Authors: Churilov G. E. , Dikin D. A. , Dmitriev V. M.
Published: January 2025

Comprehensive investigations of the influence of an electromagnetic field in a wide range of frequencies (from acoustic to infrared) on non-Josephson oscillations (NJO) are carried out. The change in the parameters of the effect as well as the magnitude of the energy gap with the intensity of external radiation is studied. It is shown that as the frequency changes from smaller to larger values as compared with l/τε (τε is the energy relaxation time), the effect of the external magnetic field on order parameter changes from suppression to stimulation, thus leading to an increase in the NJO frequency in the former case and to its decrease in the latter case. At frequencies close to the NJO frequency, the superconductor behaves as a nonlinear parametric system. The obtained results confirm the basic assumptions of the model proposed earlier for explaining the NJO effect.
Magnetic properties of low-dimensional Ising magnet KEr(MoO4)2
Authors: Khats’ko E. N. , Chernyi A. S. , Kaplienko A. I.
Published: January 2025

The magnetic properties of the low-dimensional Ising magnet KEr(MoO4)2 are studied in the temperature interval 0.5–20 K. Measurements of temperature dependences of the principal values of magnetic susceptibility point towards a magnetic phase transition to antiferromagnetic state at Tc=0.9 K. A noncollinear four-sublattice magnetic structure is realized, the magnetic moments lie in the bc-plane and are turned relative to the b-axis through an angle of 18°. The results are described by the model of weakly interacting ferromagnetic chains. Spin-orientation transitions with a mixed state have been detected in the ordered state. Relaxation processes are investigated.
Low-temperature phonon thermal conductivity of point-contacts
Authors: Shkorbatov A. G. , Sarkisyants T. Z. , Feher A. , Stefanyi P.
Published: January 2025

The contribution of diffraction effects to the phonon thermal conductivity of point contacts is calculated. It is shown that a formula analogous to the Landauer formula for electron conductivity holds for the thermal conductivity of the contacts, but the manifestation of diffraction effects depends considerably on the conditions of interaction of elastic waves with the metal surface.
Order parameter of a spin-density wave in the range of observation of fractional quantum Hall effect in layered quasi-one-dimensional organic metals from the family (TMTSF)2X
Authors: Rozhavskii A. S.
Published: January 2025

The behavior of a spin-density wave (SDW) in conducting salts of the family (TMTSF)2X is studied in ultrastrong magnetic fields in which fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) is observed. It is shown that the order parameter of the SDW is proportional to the magnitude of the electron (hole) pocket on the Fermi surface and is practically independent of magnetic field over the entire width of Hall plateau. This may be the reason behind the existence of the so-called Extremely Stable State on the phase diagram of (TMTSF)2ClO4.
On the phase diagram of CD4-Kr
Authors: Isakina A. P.
Published: January 2025

X-ray diffraction studies are carried out in CD4–Kr solid solutions from helium temperatures to their melting point in the krypton concentration range 20–35%. Phase separation boundaries on the equilibrium diagram are refined. At T > 24 K, a region of coexistence of two phases with identical fee symmetry but different molar volumes and, apparently, different degrees of retardation of rotational motion of deuteromethane molecules in them, has been discovered. This region corresponds to a krypton concentration 28–33% in deuteromethane at 24 K with a critical concentration xc ≃ 29% Kr. It is established that unlike other binary cryosolutions, the system under investigation is characterized by a narrower region of separation into two isomorphic phases [∼(5±2)%] and the lowest value of the critical temperature (∼52 K).
Microplastic deformation under cyclic bending of yttrium-based HTS ceramic plates
Authors: Soldatov V. P. , Chaikovskaya N. M.
Published: January 2025

Deformation effects in polycrystalline plates of yttrium-based HTS ceramic of density 5 g/cm3 are studied under cyclic bending conditions. Elastic (static Young’s modulus) and strength (ultimate bending strength) characteristics of plates of various thicknesses from 0.3 to 3.5 mm are determined in the direction of the bending force. It is found that these parameters are independent of plate thickness. A transition from a smooth monotonic or irregular nature of stress-strain curves is observed upon a transition from step-by-step to cyclic loading conditions. Possible mechanisms of structural defect accumulation in loaded ceramic samples, leading to a discrete microplastic deformation under cyclic bending conditions are discussed.
Antiferromagnetic resonance in Gd2CuO4 in strong magnetic fields
Authors: Pashchenko V. A. , Stepanov A. A. , Kobets M. I.
Published: January 2025

Antiferromagnetic resonance in Gd2CuO4 single crystals is investigated in strong magnetic fields at low temperatures. The resonance technique is used for determining the effective fields of exchange interaction and anisotropy of the gadolinium spin subsystem.
Quasilocalized surface waves at a plane defect in a crystal and “leaky waves”
Authors: Kosevich A. M. , Tutov A. V.
Published: January 2025

Localized and quasilocalized long-wave vibrations near a plane defect in a homogeneous elastic isotropic medium are investigated. The eigensolutions of such a boundary-value problem, which correspond to pseudosurface waves whose phase velocities lie in the interval ct<c<cl (where ct and cl are the velocities of transverse and longitudinal sound respectively), are obtained.
Tunneling of incoherent excitons in quasi-one-dimensional antiferromagnets
Authors: Eremenko V. V. , Karachevtsev V. A. , Slavin V. V. , Shapiro V. V.
Published: January 2025

The relative contribution of tunneling to the process of overcoming of trap-induced potential barriers by excitons in quasi-one-dimensional dielectrics is considered. The theoretical curve is compared with the experimental temperature dependence of the exciton trapping rate in a quasi-one-dimensional collinear antiferromagnet CsMnCl3 · 2H2O. The potential barrier energy and the effective exciton mass are estimated.
Intensity of NQR spectral lines as an ultralow temperature indicator
Authors: Ainbinder N. E.
Published: January 2025

An analytic expression is derived for intensities of NQR spectral lines in magnetically ordered compounds in which the internal magnetic field acts on quadrupole nuclei. It is shown that the ratio of intensities of lines with close resonance frequencies, which depends only on experimental NQR spectral frequencies, can be used to estimate ultralow temperatures. The NQR spectrum of 139Li nuclei in lanthanum cuprate is considered by way of an example.
Zero-point spin fluctuations and anomalies in heat capacity and thermal expansion in low-temperature phase transitions in weak band magnets
Authors: Povzner A. A.
Published: January 2025

The effect of zero-point spin fluctuations on the electron heat capacity and the electron component of the thermal expansion coefficient of low-temperature weak band magnets is considered. It is found that this effects boils down to a suppression of thermal fluctuations. It is shown that analysis of experimental data on scattering of polarized neutrons with spin flip is essential for estimating the amplitude of zero-point spin fluctuations.
On the nature of the Tc shift anomaly under uniaxial compression of HTSC cuprates
Authors: Gvozdikov V. M.
Published: January 2025

It is shown that the experiment on axial compression of YBa2Cu3O7−δ single crystals, in which an alternating variation of the critical temperature Tc was observed under an external pressure applied along one of the crystal lattice axes Pi (i=a, b, c), can be explained by taking into account the logarithmic van Hove singularity in the two-dimensional density of electron states of cuprate planes. It has been established that, in this case, in accord with the experiment by Welp et al.1, the derivatives that determine the slope of the linear relations Tc (Pi) satisfy the following restrictions: dTc/dPb>0, dTc/dPa<0; ∣dTc/dPa∣ ≈ ∣ dTc/dPb∣.
On a possibility of first-order phase transitions in a superfluid Fermi liquid model
Authors: Ivashin A. P. , Krasil’nikov V. V. , Peletminskiĭ S. V.
Published: January 2025

We consider a phenomenologic model for a superfluid Fermi liquid with an energy functional, essentially nonquadratic in abnormal fermion distribution functions. It is shown that this model, along with the usual (in the sense of the BCS theory) second-order phase transition from normal to superconducting state, predicts a superconducting transition, which is a first-order transition. The latter occurs at a higher temperature than that predicted by the BCS theory.
Nonlinearity of the temperature dependence of the upper critical field in superconducting superlattices
Authors: Gvozdikov V. M. , Teisheira M.
Published: January 2025

Within the framework of the Ginzburg–Landau theory we give a simple analytic description of all the known nonlinearity types of the temperature dependence of the upper critical field in one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and quasi-periodic superlattices near the critical temperature, viz. the root and linear crossovers, the positive curvature, and the power law (in quasi-periodic superlattices). The theoretical results are compared with experiment, in particular, on two-dimensional superlattices of mismatch dislocations in semiconductor PbTe/PbS multi-layers, artificial one-dimensional periodic and quasi-periodic superlattices.
Magnetoelastic effects in Nd2−xCexCuO4 single crystals at low temperatures
Authors: Zherlitsyn S. V. , Zvyagina G. A. , Fil’ V. D. , Vitebskii I. M. , Barilo S. N. , Zhigunov D. I.
Published: January 2025

Ultrasonic studies of Nd2CuO4 carried out at low temperatures reveal anomalies in elastic properties of this compound, which indicate the presence of a spontaneous phase transition as well as those induced by an external magnetic field. An analysis of the obtained results on the basis of the phenomenological approach leads to important conclusions concerning the state of the copper subsystem at helium temperatures. Fragments of H vs T phase diagrams (H‖ [100] and H‖ [110]) Nd2CuO4 are presented, and the effect of Ce-doping on low-temperature phase transitions in Nd2CuO4 is studied.
Longitudinal pumping in a biaxial spin chain with site spin S = 1
Authors: Zvyagin A. A. , Segal Ya. Yu.
Published: January 2025

The effect of a varying magnetic field collinear with the constant field on an antiferromagnetic spin chain with a weak biaxial magnetic anisotropy is investigated. The power of the varying field absorbed by the system is determined and the frequency–field dependences of resonance processes are analyzed.
Spin-lattice relaxation studies in the triplet-excited states of impure molecular crystals
Authors: Andreev V. A. , Prilutskii Yu. I.
Published: January 2025

Direct single-phase and Raman two-phase processes of spin-lattice relaxation are studied in the triplet-excited states of impure molecular crystals at low temperatures and in high magnetic fields. For the basic mechanism of spin–phonon coupling, the one resulting from the addition of the rotational motion of molecules to the translational motion during acoustic vibrations of the lattice is chosen. The method of interatomic and dipole–dipole potentials of molecular interaction is used to calculate the angular, field, and temperature dependences of the relaxation rates for an isotropic impurity in a deuterobenzophenone crystal. The obtained results are in good agreement with the available experimental data.
Cooperative Jahn–Teller effect induced in ferroelastic KEr(MoO4)2 by an external magnetic field
Authors: Kut’ko V. I. , Pashchenko V. A. , Kobets M. I.
Published: January 2025

Magnetic investigations of KEr(MoO4)2 have been carried out at low temperatures. A structural phase transition associated with cooperative Jahn–Teller effect and induced by an external magnetic field (Hc∼40 kOe) has been discovered. The experimental data are used to estimate the correlation parameter A of Jahn–Teller distortions.
Singlet Cooper correlations of 3He atoms adsorbed on a molecular hydrogen monolayer
Authors: Monarkha Yu. P.
Published: January 2025

The possibility of the emergence of noticeable Cooper correlations and gaps in the energy spectrum of a system of 3He atoms adsorbed on complex substrates of the type Grafoil covered by a hydrogen monolayer is studied. The dependence of the coupling constant and gap on the monolayer density, concentration of adsorbed atoms, and the extent of coupling with the substrate is determined. Conditions leading to the enhancement of singlet correlations and a possible increase in the energy gap are formulated.
Magnetooptical analysis of a CsDy0.93Eu0. 07(MoO4)2 crystal
Authors: El’chaninova S. D. , Litvinenko Yu. G. , Mil’ner A. A.
Published: January 2025

Zeeman effect has been studied in a CsDy0.93Eu0.07(MoO4)2 crystal in the structural phase transition region.Possible structural variations in the crystal associated with the phase transition are discussed.
On temperature hysteresis of ultrasonic wave velocity in the high-Tc compound YBa2Cu3O7−δ
Authors: Saiko A. P. , Gusakov V. E. , Kuz’min V. S.
Published: January 2025

It is shown that the bistable behavior of the sublattice formed by apical oxygen atoms O(4) in the high-Tc compound YBa2Cu3O7−δ is responsible for the experimentally observed hysteresis of ultrasonic wave velocity.
Optimal Dynamical Gauge in the Quantum Rabi Model
Authors: Qing Yuqi , Li Liangsheng , You Wen-Long , Lan Yueheng , Liu Maoxin
Published: January 2025

We investigate the gauge dependence of physical observables in the quantum Rabi model (QRM) under di erent potential fields, arising from the Hilbert-space truncation of the atomic degrees of freedom. In both square-well and harmonic potentials, we find that the optimal gauge for the groundstate energy depends on the cavity frequency: the dipole gauge is optimal in the low-frequency limit, while the Coulomb gauge is optimal in the high-frequency limit. For a dynamical quantity such as the out-of-time-order correlator (OTOC), we demonstrate the necessity of introducing an optimal dynamical gauge. This study provides deeper insights into the intricate relationship between gauge choice and the dynamics of quantum electrodynamics (QED) systems, paving the way for more accurate theoretical frameworks.
Design and fabrication of integrator using adiabatic quantum-flux-parametron circuit
Authors: Shen Hongxiang , Han Zeyu , Li Zongyuan , He Yuxing , Yoshikawa Nobuyuki
Published: January 2025

We believe that the adiabatic quantum flux parametron (AQFP) circuit, as a novel low-power superconducting circuit technology, has potential application in various fields, including utilizing its high precision to determine the phase of input signals. To improve the precision of AQFP circuits, it is crucial to reduce the gray zone of the system. In this paper, we investigate a digital integration method to reduce the gray zone and enhance the precision of the AQFP circuits. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that the gray zone narrows, and the precision of the system improves as more data points are integrated. Additionally, we establish the quantitative relationship between the reduction in gray zone and the number of integrated data points. To validate these findings, we fabricate AQFP integrator circuits and perform experimental verification. Furthermore, we estimate the relationship between the scale of the integration circuit and the chip area, emphasizing possibilities for various future application scenarios.
Creating Disparate Regimes in the Polity
Authors: Shanahan Brendan A
Published: January 2025

Nineteenth-century American federalism and constitutional jurisprudence afforded states wide latitude to determine the exclusive political rights of US citizenship vis-à-vis noncitizen immigrants. Many states enfranchised white noncitizen immigrant men who possessed their “first papers” as an inducement for settler colonialism. Others defined voting as a citizen-only right. Some even counted noncitizens out of the population for the purposes of state legislative apportionment. Though noncitizen voting rights and anti-alien apportionment schemes became subjects of federal debate during Reconstruction, they remained primarily a matter of state constitutional law and political development. Several (but far from all) alien suffrage laws were repealed at or in the aftermath of state and statehood constitutional conventions during the late 1800s. This chapter illustrates how nineteenth-century state constitutional politics made and reshaped disparate regimes of citizenship rights in the polity.
Embedding American Citizenship and Citizenship Rights
Authors: Shanahan Brendan A
Published: January 2025

This chapter explores the lives and nebulous legal status of marital expatriates (US-born women who lost their nationality upon marriage to noncitizen men). It estimates that at least 100,000 women, and likely tens of thousands more, petitioned to naturalize as immigrants in their own country or took an oath of allegiance under federal repatriation law between 1922 and 1975. While the vast majority of marital expatriates’ applications succeeded, federal naturalization authorities generally interpreted citizenship law restrictively when their petitions appeared in court during the 1920s and 1930s. Immigration and Naturalization Service leaders reversed course in 1940, declaring all permanently resident marital expatriates “citizens without citizenship rights” by decree. The chapter argues that the ultimate failure of the Immigration and Naturalization Service to have this position universally recognized demonstrates how embedded the idea of American citizenship rights as citizen-only rights had become in both law and popular perception by the mid-twentieth century.
Slavery in East Central Africa
Authors: Rodrigues Eugénia
Published: January 2025

In East Central Africa, multiple arrangements of dependency existed, including slavery, as well as the slave trade before the Europeans’ arrival. The institution of slavery encompassed diverse social situations translated into different local names. It allowed slave owners to accumulate dependents and exploit their work. For centuries, East Africa channeled enslaved persons to the Red Sea, the Persian Gulf, and India, through networks that connected the Swahili cities in the continent, Comoros, and Madagascar. From the 16th century onward, Europeans also integrated into these multidirectional networks. The mid-18th century saw an increase in the slave trading, which expanded notoriously throughout the 19th century, driven by the growth of capitalism and the global demand for goods. Thousands of enslaved individuals were shipped to the European colonies in America, as well as the economies of the Indian Ocean. This expansion extended slave trading routes from Mozambique and Omani Zanzibar to deep into the interior, reaching the Great Lakes and Eastern Kongo. Slavery encompassed a greater number of people, and changes occurred in slavery as an institution. Enslavement processes became more violent, often involving war, kidnapping, judicial debts, and famine. Enslaved persons were employed in a wide range of activities, including domestic service, economic pursuits, war, and sexual and reproductive labor, as well as a symbol of the status of their owners. Despite harsh conditions, enslaved individuals resisted through various means aiming at negotiating their working and living conditions. Although there were uprisings, flights were the most common means of resistance and in some cases led to the formation of maroon communities.
Japanese Diasporic Religions
Authors: Anderson Emily
Published: January 2025

The religions that Japanese immigrants practiced once they settled in the United States reflect both the specific Japanese historical religious context they left and the different needs and circumstances they encountered once they arrived in the United States. Initially, religious institutions served immigrants as sites of worship and pastoral care, community centers, and temporary housing. Immigrants especially relied on Buddhist priests to conduct funerary rites.

As Japanese immigrants faced increasing anti-Japanese activism and efforts to pass legislation that legalized discriminatory practices that singled them out, Japanese immigrants also relied on religious institutions for comfort. Once single male laborers were joined by women and began establishing families, religious institutions continued to serve as community anchors where Japanese immigrants gathered to worship, find comfort in the company of compatriots, and celebrate common culture. When American-born children joined their immigrant parents, religious institutions served as sites to teach children about not only their family’s religion but also Japanese culture. Eventually, as these children grew older, these institutions also began adding English-language services and staff who could lead separate programs for the English-speaking second generation. Churches and temples also offered youth activities like Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts and social clubs through which they could socialize with others with similar backgrounds.

With the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the United States entry into the Second World War, Japanese immigrants and their American children faced increased hostility and prejudice. Religious leaders, especially Shinto and Buddhist priests, were considered potentially subversive and detained by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Eventually, all people of Japanese ancestry were excluded from the west coast. Religious institutions were transformed into storage facilities as Japanese Americans frantically packed their belongings, leaving behind most of what they owned because they could only take with them what they could carry. Religious leaders continued to serve their communities as best they could as they faced fear and uncertainty.
Toledo, Ávila, and Mysticism
Authors: Moralejo Ortega Macarena
Published: January 2025

Ávila and Toledo were major centers for Modern Age (15th to 18th centuries) art and architecture, and their geographical, political, religious, and cultural contexts contributed to numerous innovations and cultural exchanges. During this period, the Inquisition and the rapid expansion of empire both repressed certain artistic expressions and provoked creative responses. Moreover, the Iberian version of Catholicism, infused with the mysticism of figures such as Teresa of Ávila, helped to inspire major works of art. In particular, the work of El Greco demonstrates the dramatic religious expression of the time in images, sculptures, and architecture.
Prevention
Authors: Cederbaum Julie A. , Ross Abigail M.
Published: January 2025

Disparities in the health and mental health of people are attributable, in part, to the limited attention placed on the systems and structures that contribute to these inequities. This is, in part, due to the ways in which the service professions are set up; more of the work of social workers occurs after a problem has occurred, making it more responsive than preventative. Prevention in social work is critical to meeting the physical and mental health needs of individuals and communities. By moving away from a tertiary approach (one that targets reducing the impact of disease and helps an individual manage complex problems) toward one of primary prevention (preventing the problem before it occurs), social work has the potential to disrupt the influences of health disparities. The Social Work Health Impact Model takes a wide-lens approach to preventing and responding to such vexing problems as closing the health gap, ending homelessness, and reducing extreme economic inequality. Thus, social work can lead prevention efforts that reduce disparities.
The History of Social Work in the Philippines
Authors: Ealdama Yolanda
Published: January 2025

The institutionalization of the welfare system in the country during the American regime is the backdrop for the emergence of social work as a profession. The tenacity of the seven social workers to formalize and incorporate the Philippine Association of Social Workers in 1948 provided the impetus to professionalize social work in the Philippines.
Cognitive Functioning in Females with Endometriosis-Associated Chronic Pelvic Pain: A Literature Review
Authors: Berryman Ashlee , Machado Liana
Published: January 2025

Objective

Cognitive complaints are commonplace among women living with endometriosis-associated chronic pelvic pain (CPP); yet, surprisingly few studies have assessed their cognitive functioning. As an initial step to address the resulting knowledge gap, this review aimed to synthesize the current literature reporting on cognition in females with endometriosis-associated CPP, and due to the poverty of endometriosis studies, to draw on data from female cohorts with other chronic pain conditions to gain potentially relevant insights.

Methods

Three database searches were conducted (Scopus, PubMed, and PsycINFO). Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria (n = 8 regarding endometriosis, n = 10 regarding other chronic pain conditions).

Results

Six of the seven studies employing objective cognitive measures in females with other chronic pain reported significant cognitive deficits. Associated changes in neural circuitry thought to underpin these deficits align with neural patterns reported in females with endometriosis-associated CPP. While two studies reported a high prevalence (≥60%) of self-reported cognitive impairment in endometriosis-associated CPP, objective performance deficits have not been reported. Nonetheless, self-reported accounts of cognitive impairment suggest females with endometriosis-associated CPP may experience difficulties with inhibition, attention, and memory. Most studies did not control for potential moderating factors and comorbidities that prevail among endometriosis populations.

Conclusion

The field is in desperate need of research assessing cognitive performance in females with endometriosis-associated CPP, to objectively determine any cognitive difficulties. Attention should be paid to likely moderators, pain-related mechanisms, and whether findings extend to endometriosis without CPP.
Towards molecular structure discovery from cryo-ET density volumes via modelling auxiliary semantic prototypes
Authors: Nair Ashwin , Li Xingjian , Solanki Bhupendra , Mukhopadhyay Souradeep , Jha Ankit , Rafid Uddin Mostofa , Singha Mainak , Banerjee Biplab , Xu Min
Published: January 2025

Cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) is confronted with the intricate task of unveiling novel structures. General class discovery (GCD) seeks to identify new classes by learning a model that can pseudo-label unannotated (novel) instances solely using supervision from labeled (base) classes. While 2D GCD for image data has made strides, its 3D counterpart remains unexplored. Traditional methods encounter challenges due to model bias and limited feature transferability when clustering unlabeled 2D images into known and potentially novel categories based on labeled data. To address this limitation and extend GCD to 3D structures, we propose an innovative approach that harnesses a pretrained 2D transformer, enriched by an effective weight inflation strategy tailored for 3D adaptation, followed by a decoupled prototypical network. Incorporating the power of pretrained weight-inflated Transformers, we further integrate CLIP, a vision-language model to incorporate textual information. Our method synergizes a graph convolutional network with CLIP’s frozen text encoder, preserving class neighborhood structure. In order to effectively represent unlabeled samples, we devise semantic distance distributions, by formulating a bipartite matching problem for category prototypes using a decoupled prototypical network. Empirical results unequivocally highlight our method’s potential in unveiling hitherto unknown structures in cryo-ET. By bridging the gap between 2D GCD and the distinctive challenges of 3D cryo-ET data, our approach paves novel avenues for exploration and discovery in this domain.
Prediction of tissue and clinical thrombectomy outcome in acute ischaemic stroke using deep learning
Authors: von Braun Marie-Sophie , Starke Kristin , Peter Lucas , Kürsten Daniel , Welle Florian , Schneider Hans Ralf , Wawrzyniak Max , Kaiser Daniel P O , Prasse Gordian , Richter Cindy , Kellner Elias , Reisert Marco , Klingbeil Julian , Stockert Anika , Hoffmann Karl-Titus , Scheuermann Gerik , Gillmann Christina , Saur Dorothee
Published: January 2025

The advent of endovascular thrombectomy has significantly improved outcomes for stroke patients with intracranial large vessel occlusion, yet individual benefits can vary widely. As demand for thrombectomy rises and geographic disparities in stroke care access persist, there is a growing need for predictive models that quantify individual benefits. However, current imaging methods for estimating outcomes may not fully capture the dynamic nature of cerebral ischemia and lack a patient-specific assessment of thrombectomy benefits.

Our study introduces a deep learning approach to predict individual responses to thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke patients. The proposed models provide predictions for both tissue and clinical outcomes under two scenarios: one assuming successful reperfusion and another assuming unsuccessful reperfusion. The resulting simulations of penumbral salvage and difference in NIHSS at discharge quantify the potential individual benefits of the intervention. Our models were developed on an extensive dataset from routine stroke care, which included 405 ischemic stroke patients who underwent thrombectomy. We used acute data for training (n = 304), including multimodal CT imaging and clinical characteristics, along with post hoc markers like thrombectomy success, final infarct localization, and NIHSS at discharge.

We benchmarked our tissue outcome predictions under the observed reperfusion scenario against a thresholding-based clinical method and a generalised linear model. Our deep-learning model showed significant superiority, with a mean Dice score of 0.48 on internal (n = 50) and 0.52 on external (n = 51) test data, versus 0.26/0.36 and 0.34/0.35 for the baselines, respectively. The NIHSS sum score prediction achieved median absolute errors of 1.5 NIHSS points on the internal test dataset and 3.0 NIHSS points on the external test dataset, outperforming other machine learning models.

By predicting the patient-specific response to thrombectomy for both tissue and clinical outcomes, our approach offers an innovative biomarker that captures the dynamics of cerebral ischemia. We believe this method holds significant potential to enhance personalised therapeutic strategies and to facilitate efficient resource allocation in acute stroke care.
Solid–liquid extraction of lithium chloride with a simple and flexible heteroditopic receptor
Authors: Mimuro Tsubasa , Yoshino Seiichi , Hirasawa Manabu , Kondo Shin-ichi
Published: January 2025

The global demand for lithium has surged in recent years due to its wide applications in industry and medicine. We have achieved selective solid–liquid extraction of LiCl using a heteroditopic receptor with an ether linker as a cation recognition site and 2 urea functionalities as cooperative anion recognition sites. The receptor exhibits high selectivity for LiCl from 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra by complexation in CD3CN and CDCl3. The solid–liquid extraction, followed by stripping to neutral aqueous phase using with the receptor, revealed recovery of LiCl about 90% by ion chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analyses, with a slight competition with MgCl2. LiCl was also recovered from the artificially prepared salt mixture and natural one from the Salar de Uyuni by the solid–liquid extraction with less competitive recovery of MgCl2.
Investigation of patterns and associations of neuroinflammation in cognitive impairment
Authors: Gan Ruoqiu , Xie Hongsheng , Zhao Ziru , Wu Xiaoai , Wang Ruihan , Wu Baolin , Chen Qin , Jia Zhiyun
Published: January 2025

Neuroinflammation has been identified as an important pathological component of cognitive impairment, and translocator protein imaging has become a valuable tool for assessing its patterns. We aimed to obtain the exact distribution of neuroinflammation in cognitive impairment and its underlying mechanisms with amyloid-beta. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines, two investigators searched literature databases for studies that measured translocator protein binding levels. This measurement was performed between healthy controls and subjects with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer’s disease via voxel-based positron emission tomography image analysis at the whole-brain level. This meta-analysis was performed with the anisotropic effect-size based algorithm. Neuroinflammation in patients with mild cognitive impairment was mainly concentrated in the left middle temporal gyrus and left amygdala. In Alzheimer’s disease patients, the brain regions involved were the left inferior temporal gyrus, left calcarine fissure/surrounding cortex, left parahippocampal gyrus, right lingual gyrus, and right middle temporal gyrus. In addition, neuroinflammation in patients with cognitive impairment was highly correlated with amyloid-beta deposition in the cortex. This study deepens our understanding of the patterns of neuroinflammation in patients with cognitive impairment and its interaction with amyloid-beta, providing potential insights for therapeutic approaches targeting neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease.
SAAChain: release and storage platform of digital works based on non-fungible tokens
Authors: Liu Jianan , Wang Yongjuan , Lu Siqi , Yu Gang , Wang Xiangyu , Feng Peixuan
Published: January 2025

The rapid growth in the speed and convenience of information dissemination has made copyright infringement increasingly common. Blockchain technology solves pain points such as difficulties in traditional copyright registration, easy infringement, and difficulties in confirming and safeguarding rights. It also realises the decentralised management of copyright, network-wide tracking and monitoring, trusted certificate deposits, among others. However, the efficient original authentication of works and the function of blockchain to create copyright trading channels in the field of copyright are often ignored. This paper designed a self-adaptive learning similarity detection fusion strategy to protect the copyright of original digital works, namely SAAChain, and built a platform for releasing and storing original works based on non-fungible tokens. SAAChain first measures the similarity of a work based on adaptive learning to realise the originality authentication of works. Secondly, the works are stored on the InterPlanetary File System as NFTs, along with copyright information. Finally, a smart contract based on Ethereum and ERC-721 is designed to realise the free circulation of digital rights while simultaneously constructing an efficient and convenient digital rights protection system. Experiments show that the accuracy of the fusion strategy for adaptive work similarity detection can reach above 97%, which meets the requirements of work originality verification. Because of the storage mode of the platform, the system has good performance in terms of response speed and storage efficiency. The entire process provides a full-process and transparent transaction platform for all parties and guarantees the copyright ownership of works as well as the non-tampering and traceability of copyright information.
Cognitive Domains in the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project
Authors: Zhong Selena , Wroblewski Kristen E
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Cognition consists of specific domains that are differentially linked to health outcomes. We provide guidance on how to derive cognitive domains in the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) study. We suggest the use of a bifactor analysis to derive cognitive domains. To support our view that a bifactor analysis is necessary, we created cognitive domains from a bifactor analysis and created cognitive domains through summing the cognitive items; we then regressed the cognitive domains created through both methods with functional health (activites of daily living [ADLs] and instrumental activities of daily living [IADLs]) and compared the regression results.

Methods

NSHAP is a nationally representative longitudinal study of U.S. older adults that started in 2005. Data from Round 3 (2015–2016) were used. The MoCA-SA contains 18 cognitive items to represent 6 cognitive domains: modified trail-making test-B, clock drawing test (3 items), rhinoceros naming, digit span (2 items), serial 7 subtractions, sentence repetition, phonemic fluency, abstraction, delayed recall (5 items), and orientation (2 items). We created cognitive domains through a bifactor analysis and through summing up the cognitive items. We used linear regression to examine how global cognition and each cognitive domain derived from both methods were associated with ADLs and IADLs. Analyses were restricted to respondents aged 50+ without dementia.

Results

The global cognition score derived from both methods was statistically significantly associated with ADLs and with IADLs. All but the memory domain constructed from summing the cognitive items were associated with IADLs; only the visuospatial domain was associated with ADLs. None of the domains derived from a bifactor analysis were associated with ADLs or IADLs.

Discussion

Researchers should derive cognitive domains using a bifactor analysis to reduce spurious associations.
Public disclosures of mental health problems on social media and audiences’ self-reported anti-stigma effects
Authors: Zhang Zhongjie , Reavley Nicola , Armstrong Gregory , Morgan Amy
Published: January 2025

Public disclosures of mental health problems on social media represent a potentially powerful informal avenue for increasing mental health literacy and reducing public stigma in relation to people with mental health problems. We investigated whether the audience reported any reduction in their own stigma toward people with mental health problems after exposure to disclosures. We also examined whether self-reported stigma reduction was associated with the characteristics of audience members, the disclosers and the disclosure messages. We used Prolific to obtain a convenience sample (N = 803) of adults who had been exposed to a disclosure. We administered an online survey to participants and conducted a series of logistic regressions to identify any associations between disclosure-related characteristics and audience self-reported stigma reduction. Our findings showed that certain aspects of the messaging process appeared to be associated with stigma reduction. These included explicit diagnoses from disclosers, particular message themes such as psychosocial causes of mental ill health, and positive and echoing comments from other users. In addition, audience members who reported greater levels of empathy toward, perceived similarity to and identification with disclosers tended to report reduced stigma. These findings contribute to the evidence base underpinning how, when and which public disclosures of mental health problems on social media have the potential for stigma reduction. They can further help inform future health promotion practices on social media aiming to mitigate mental health-related stigma at the population level. Future research may focus more on the dynamics and match between disclosers and audiences and their effects on stigma.
Dance Compounds in OED3 in the Light of Diachronic Big Data Analysis
Authors: Podhajecka Mirosława
Published: January 2025

This paper reports on a research project that seeks to explore, firstly, how dance compounds have been described in the Oxford English dictionary and, secondly, to what extent their treatment is likely to be enhanced with textual big data. It begins by presenting a historical sketch of the dictionary, now consisting partly of the second edition and partly of the revised third edition, followed by an outline of the Google Books archive. The research methodology is then explained and the results are discussed and illustrated with examples. Since frequency has become a key parameter in historical lexicography, the compounds with their frequencies are listed in an appendix with the proviso that the figures may be unreliable. Despite the problematic nature of the quantitative data, the qualitative findings indicate potential improvements not only for the entries awaiting revision, but also for those which have already been updated. Once revised, OED3 will no doubt surpass its predecessor in accuracy and richness of detail, but, in the meantime, it should be examined for consistency between traditional principles and modern working practices.
Polynomial quasi-Trefftz DG for PDEs with smooth coefficients: elliptic problems
Authors: Imbert-Gérard Lise-Marie , Moiola Andrea , Perinati Chiara , Stocker Paul
Published: January 2025

Trefftz schemes are high-order Galerkin methods whose discrete spaces are made of elementwise exact solutions of the underlying partial differential equation (PDE). Trefftz basis functions can be easily computed for many PDEs that are linear, homogeneous and have piecewise-constant coefficients. However, if the equation has variable coefficients, exact solutions are generally unavailable. Quasi-Trefftz methods overcome this limitation relying on elementwise ‘approximate solutions’ of the PDE, in the sense of Taylor polynomials. We define polynomial quasi-Trefftz spaces for general linear PDEs with smooth coefficients and source term, describe their approximation properties and, under a nondegeneracy condition, provide a simple algorithm to compute a basis. We then focus on a quasi-Trefftz DG method for variable-coefficient elliptic diffusion–advection–reaction problems, showing stability and high-order convergence of the scheme. The main advantage over standard DG schemes is the higher accuracy for comparable numbers of degrees of freedom. For nonhomogeneous problems with piecewise-smooth source term we propose to construct a local quasi-Trefftz particular solution and then solve for the difference. Numerical experiments in two and three space dimensions show the excellent properties of the method both in diffusion-dominated and advection-dominated problems.
Virulent Bacteriophages for Controlling Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli Without Inducing Toxin Production
Authors: Cho Eunshin , Kim Jinshil , Won Taehee , Ryu Sangryeol , Jeon Byeonghwa
Published: January 2025

Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections pose a significant public health challenge, characterized by severe complications including hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) due to Shiga toxin (Stx) production. Current therapeutic approaches encounter a critical limitation, as conventional antibiotic treatment is contraindicated due to its propensity to trigger bacterial SOS response and subsequently enhance Stx production, which increases the likelihood of developing HUS in antibiotic-treated patients. The lack of effective, safe therapeutic options has created an urgent need for alternative treatment strategies for STEC infections. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of virulent bacteriophages (phages) against STEC O157:H7. Our findings demonstrate that these phages effectively reduce STEC populations to levels comparable to ciprofloxacin treatment, while crucially avoiding the induction of SOS response and subsequent enhancement of Stx production. This is a significant advantage over conventional antibiotics, which increase Stx levels. Furthermore, these phages exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against multiple clinical STEC isolates without triggering toxin expression. The capability of virulent phages to effectively control STEC without enhancing toxin production represents a promising therapeutic strategy that combines antimicrobial efficacy with safety considerations. These characteristics indicate that virulent phages represent a potential solution to address the current therapeutic challenges in STEC infections, particularly in mitigating the risk of HUS development in infected patients.