bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breaking the “Fourth Wall” in Qualitative Research: Participant-Led Digital Data Construction
Authors: Boivin Nettie , CohenMiller Anna
Published: April 2021

This article reconstructs the typical researcher-participant focus - where the participants are doing for us - instead we followed the participants’ lead in the construction of research. Using a qualitative literacy event case study as an example, we describe how participants unexpectedly co-constructed knowledge through a participant-led digital data collection. In this theoretical article, we provide an explanation of the original study, which used observations, semi-structured interviews, and home visits as a collective qualitative case study on parental participation in social literacy practices. The original investigation led to the important shift that occurred in participant-researcher roles. In this article, using an ethnographic perspective, we explain how unexpected digital data creations created by participants’ family members allowed for enhanced equity between researcher and participant through changing the research dynamic, hearing and seeing participant voice previously unavailable. Situated within socio-cultural construction and the concept of Diderot’s concept of the fourth wall (the invisible barrier between audience and actor), we explain how these new insights provide opportunities for other qualitative researchers to enhance their practices through an ontological shift, intentionally “breaking the fourth wall of research” to integrate participant co-construction of knowledge.
A 3-Level Model of Insider Ethnography
Authors: Giazitzoglu Andreas , Payne Geoff
Published: April 2021

This article discusses ethnographic insiderness. After juxtaposing insider and outsider ethnography, we suggest insider-ethnography requires a more nuanced and complete discussion for it to be better understood, theoretically and practically. Accordingly, we propose a model of insider-ethnography that suggests three relative levels of ethnographic insiderness exist. We use examples from extant ethnography to substantiate our model theoretically and empirically. Our analysis occurs at a time when calls for a more reflexive understanding of ethnography exist, but reflexive analysis of insider ethnography is sparse.
A Day in the Life of Evil
Authors: Boedy Matthew
Published: April 2021

Evil is a well-traveled word. It is a word that finds itself in many a discussion about many a subject. And it is not just an American trend; it is used in English-language countries in various ways, some mirroring its use in the States. And because evil is such a broadly used word, its rhetorical power can best be seen in part by its rhetorical scope. This is why this ethnographic study aims to analyze the uses of evil on the English language internet over the course of a day. The day chosen was October 24, 2016, situating the analysis with discourse about the 2016 American election, Halloween, but also other areas such as crime and religion. Such an analysis reveals the lack of elaborated definitions for evil but the powerful judgment it evokes in these different contexts.
Factors Affecting Teachers’ Implementation of Communicative Language Teaching Curriculum in Secondary Schools in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Mohammad , Pandian Ambigapathy , Kaur Manjet
Published: April 2021

This study focuses on the selected factors affecting teachers’ implementation of the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) curriculum in secondary schools in Bangladesh. The study is explorative, interpretivist, and qualitative in nature. A phenomenology approach, under qualitative method, was adopted to explore how teachers experience the phenomenon of CLT based curriculum change. Four schools were chosen, two from Dhaka (Urban), the capital of the country, and two from the villages in Chandpur (Rural). Eight selected participants were chosen from these schools based on a purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews, classroom observation and document analysis of curriculum, assessment, and teaching materials were the instruments of data collection. The finding of the study suggests that the shift from traditional Grammar Translation Method (GTM) to CLT was needed a positive outlook from all the selected factors in the context of change; however, this did not happen. Numerous factors such as, needs of classroom teachers, complexities regarding the mismatch of teaching syllabus and material with assessment, unequipped classrooms, and quality of teacher development facilities have challenged teachers to implement CLT as it was intended in the curriculum. The study suggests some recommendations to ensure the effective implementation of CLT curriculum. Future research is also recommended based on other factors and stakeholders.
Teachers’ Perspectives Regarding the Impacts of the Secondary Education Expansion Policy on Students’ Self-Regulatory Learning Experiences in Tanzania
Authors: Lawrent Godlove
Published: April 2021

Since 2004, the Tanzania secondary education sector has witnessed a significant increase in the number of new schools and enrolment rates. At the same time, academic results have indicated an increase in poor student performance. The assumption has been that the expansion policy brought about devastating consequences for student learning. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to investigate the perceptions of teachers in relation to the impacts of the government’s secondary education expansion policy on students, especially their self-regulatory learning. A qualitative case study approach was employed, and interviews were used as data gathering tools. Thirty respondents were purposively drawn from two highly and two poorly performing community secondary schools in Tanzania. Findings revealed that false policy promises in relation to school libraries, students’ housing and students’ learning spaces were obstacles to students in developing their self-regulatory learning habits. For the sake of fostering students’ self-regulatory learning, this paper recommends that it is the responsibility of the government, among other stakeholders, to address all issues pertaining to school infrastructure. The limitation of this study provides a chance to suggest areas which need further investigation.
Understanding Emotion in Educational and Service Organizations through Semi-Structured Interviews: Some Conceptual and Practical Insights
Authors: Oplatka Izhar
Published: April 2021

The aim of this paper is to illuminate the challenges, complexities, and strategies of semi-structured interviewing in studies about emotion in educational organizations, in general, and about teacher emotion and emotion in educational leadership, in particular, and, thereby, enable interviewers to make thoughtful decisions concerning planning and implementing future interviews on this sensitive issue. After a short review of the literature on semi-structured interviews, I analyze the distinctive characteristics of the planning phase (e.g., sample, sampling, location) and the implementation phase (e.g., the opening stage, rapport, hazards) in interviewing teachers and educational leaders about their emotion management, emotion regulation and internal feelings. Practical insights and recommendations are suggested throughout the text.
Experiences of Grade Inflation at an Online University in the United States: An Autoethnography
Authors: Blum David
Published: April 2021

Grade inflation is a problem at universities in the United States. To understand the cultural effect of grade inflation at a regionally accredited online university in the United States, I conducted autoethnographic research as a participant and observer. In this autoethnographic study, the purpose of my research was to explore my experiences being immersed in a grade inflation culture. I addressed a gap of autoethnographic research related to a culture of grade inflation existing at an online university in the United States. I provided seven themes serving as my discoveries related to my observations and participation as a faculty member. My discoveries supported my assumptions that a culture of grade inflation likely exists at the online university. My discoveries also contribute to the overriding theme in the extant literature that grade inflation exists. My discoveries also support the concept that grade inflation is not limited to on ground universities but also extends to online universities in the United States.
Parkinson’s Disease Support Groups in Rural America: Barriers, Resources, and Opportunities
Authors: Bush Erin , Singh Reshmi , Hidecker Mary Jo , Carrico Catherine
Published: April 2021

People with Parkinson’s disease who live in rural communities may lack information and support regarding their condition, compared to those in urban or suburban areas. For the study described herein, the researchers sought to gain a deeper understanding of support group experiences of rural Parkinson’s disease stakeholders through merging an interpretive phenomenological design with Community-based Participatory Research (CBPR). Using this merged approach, we collected qualitative data from five focus groups to gain a community perspective. The qualitative data was analyzed thematically, first, and then further explored for an overall essence. The theme, Support Group Benefits: Opportunities for Communication expounded upon the importance of support groups to Parkinson’s disease stakeholders. Barriers to Support Group Participation represented how the disease and the rural living conditions inhibited support group participation. Strategies to Improve Support Group Access demonstrated the different ways that the stakeholders had tried to overcome barriers and strengthen support groups. Notably, some participants discussed ways that support groups could increase their accessibility to more individuals with Parkinson’s living rurally so that they endured as a future resource. The themes and accessibility recommendations that emerged led the researchers to interpret the overall essence of this work as, experiencing support group benefits despite barriers, leaving a legacy.
Elderly Patients’ Perception of Pain Management after Open and Reduction Internal Fixation Surgery
Authors: Whyte-Daley Sharon
Published: April 2021

Little is known about pain and pain management in older adults who experience open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) surgery. This qualitative descriptive phenomenological study explored two research questions: (a) What are the perceptions of pain and pain management in patients between 65 and 75 years of age, 48 hours after ORIF surgery in a community hospital? (b) What are the perceptions of adaptation after ORIF? A pilot study included four patients in two units of a Southern California hospital, followed by open ended, semi-structured interviews with 10 participants. Four themes emerged: (a) elderly patients experience different patterns of pain and coping mechanisms; (b) elderly patients experience pain after gaining consciousness from ORIF surgery; (c) effective pain management requires patients’ empowerment and opportunity to participate in pain management decisions; (d) elderly patients perceive adaptation as a process of change and acceptance. Multimodal pain management strategies, including regional opioids and systemic anti-inflammatories, could reduce post-operative, generalized bio-physiological stress experienced by elderly patients.
Coding and Writing Analytic Memos on Qualitative Data: A Review of Johnny Saldaña’s The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers
Authors: Rogers Richard
Published: April 2021

Researchers in the field or doctoral students completing a qualitative or mixed methods study would highly benefit from this book because it thoroughly covers the basics of coding, provides many different types of coding, and explains the purpose of analytic memos. There are twenty-five different types of first cycle coding and six types of second cycle coding. Analytic memos provide an avenue for the researcher to record his or her thoughts during the research process and to code the memos as additional data for the study. The companion website provides code lists, coding examples from journals, and sample interview transcripts to test your coding skills.
A Review of Using Think-Aloud Interviews and Cognitive Labs in Educational Research
Authors: Kinskey Melanie
Published: April 2021

In this book, Leighton (2017) describes two methods of qualitative interviewing that provide researchers an opportunity “to present observable indicators (evidence) of phenomena that are technically unobservable” (p. 14). Leighton (2017) describes the procedures for conducting and analyzing think-aloud interviews, which are used to understand problem solving processes; and cognitive laboratories, which provide insight into comprehension and understanding. Through the use of examples of verbal reports, Leighton (2017) provides readers with step-by-step processes which prepare researchers to be well equipped for collecting and analyzing interview data.
Among Wolves, Ethnography and the Immersive Study of Power — Book Review of a Play
Authors: Sawadkar Ameya
Published: April 2021

Timothy Pachirat’s (2018) Among Wolves: Ethnography and the Immersive Study of Power is an atypical book about doing and thinking about ethnography, presented in play format. I reviewed the book as a doctoral student and novice qualitative researcher as a part of a process to explore a developing interest in ethnography. The book’s conversational format intertwined with perspective from acclaimed contemporary ethnographers’ work helps both the novice ethnographer with a worldview of what doing ethnography entails and the seasoned ethnographer in thinking about reflexivity. The academic rigor and extensive coverage of issues about power, subjectivity and fieldwork, makes it an essential read for ethnographers and those working in interpretive traditions — irrespective of their experience in respective domains.
peritonitis diverticular: ¿qué nos enseño DILALA?
Authors: Barletta Diego
Published: April 2021

CONTEXTO Y ANTECEDENTES: DILALA comparó el lavado laparoscópico (LL) con la operación de Hartmann (OH) en Hinchey 3. Se trató de uno de los pocos ensayos aleatorios realizados hasta la fecha, por ello es necesario realizar una profunda revisión metodológica para validar u objetar sus conclusiones.

 

OBJETIVOS: analizar la metodología empleada en el diseño, aplicación, análisis de resultados y conclusiones de sus publicaciones. Secundariamente, colaborar en el mejoramiento de la investigación de la peritonitis diverticular y facilitar el análisis del tema por parte de los lectores.

 

MÉTODOS: se analizaron las partes centrales de toda investigación, desde la pregunta de investigación, elaboración de hipótesis, operacionalización de variables y diseño del ensayo, análisis estadístico de resultados y conclusiones. Se buscaron errores, sesgos y debilidades que pudiesen objetar los hallazgos del estudio.

 

RESULTADOS: se diseñó como un ensayo controlado, randomizado, abierto de 2 ramas con una distribución 1:1. Se trató de un estudio de superioridad y sus datos fueron analizados tanto por intención de tratar como por protocolo. En él se encontraron posibles sesgos de selección, debilidades y errores metodológicos. Según sus autores DIALA demostró que LL es seguro y factible, con menor tiempo operatorio y estadia, asi como también con menos reoperaciones (tanto en proporción de pacientes como en cantidad de reoperaciones por pacientes) que OH.

 

CONCLUSIONES: La validez de la variable principal (reoperaciones) fue comprometida al incluir el cierre de ostomías y excluir a los drenajes percutáneos sin anestesia. Además, se encontraron 3 posibles sesgos de selección de la muestra. La inferencia de seguridad y factibilidad fue errónea ya que la muestra es demasiado pequeña para mostrar diferencias en morbimortalidad. DILALA demostró lo evidente, que OH conlleva la necesidad de una ostomía y eventualmente una cirugía para su cierre.
Urgensi Nilai-Nilai Cinta Tanah Air dalam Upaya Penangkalan Radikalisme pada Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Luthfiah Luthfiah
Published: April 2021

Nilai-nilai cinta tanah air harus dimiliki oleh seluruh anak bangsa. Penanaman rasa cinta tanah air dapat dilakukan melalui berbagai cara dan lembaga, salah satunya yaitu di lembaga pendidikan Islam. Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tentang upaya penanaman rasa cinta tanah air dan penangkalan paham radikalisme. Tidak bisa dipungkiri Radikalisme Islam telah memasuki sebagian besar lembaga pendidikan islam di beberapa daerah. Jika hal ini tidak segera diantisipasi, maka dapat membantu dalam menumbuhkan sikap intoleransi di kalangan siswa yang bertentangan dengan tujuan pendidikan islam itu sendiri. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan Library Research. Diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa, upaya yang dilakukan untuk menanamkan rasa cinta tanah air yaitu melalui pendidikan, pemberian contoh perilaku, membangun monumen cinta tanah air.
Strategi Pemasaran pada AMIK Bumi Nusantara Cirebon
Authors: Hermaya Aditiya Nur Karsa Aldo
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah bagaimana membangun rencana strategi pemasaran kolase di Cirebon menghadapi persaingan dengan pesaing kolase pada bisnis yang sama di masa mendatang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan observasi di AMIK Bumi Nusantara Cirebon. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis bauran pemasaran. Hasil analisis diatas menunjukkan keunggulan bersaing AMIK Bumi Nusantara Cirebon juga kemudian dapat digunakan untuk menentukan strategi pemasaran yang paling tepat. Data primer dalam penelitian ini berasal dari observasi di AMIK Bumi Nusantara Cirebon dan observasi pada kompetitor kolase. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa AMIK Bumi Nusantara Cirebon berada pada situasi yang menguntungkan karena memiliki kekuatan internal yang besar ketika dihadapkan pada situasi eksternal dimana terdapat berbagai peluang bisnis dalam bidang pendidikan. Dalam situasi ini, sebaiknya AMIK Bumi Nusantara Cirebon menggunakan strategi pengembangan pasar yang intensif (agresif) atau strategi yang berorientasi pertumbuhan (growth oriented strategy) untuk memadukan kekuatan dan peluang yang dimiliki AMIK Bumi Nusantara Cirebon.
Konsep dan Fungsi Manajemen Pendidikan
Authors: Fauzan Wakila Yasya
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis konsep manajemen pendidikan dan penerapan fungsi-fungsi manajemen pendidikan dalam pengelolaan lembaga pendidikan. Analisis pada artikel ini menggunakan empat langkah kajian literatur, yaitu pemilihan topik yang akan direview, mencari dan menyeleksi artikel yang berkaitan dengan topik, menganalisis dan mensintesis literatur, dan mengorganisasikan tulisan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan penerapan konsep manajemen pendidikan yang direalisasikan melalui variasi inovasi manajemen pendidikan dan fungsi-fungsi manajemen pendidikan di dalam lembaga pendidikan antara lain fungsi perencanaan, fungsi pelaksanaan, dan fungsi pengawasan. Fungsi perencanaan dimulai dengan mekanisme penentuan arah dan tujuan yang akan dicapai. Fungsi pelaksanaan dilakukan dengan pembagian tugas, tanggung jawab, menghubungkan dan menyatukan tugas serta fungsi dalam organisasi atau lembaga. Fungsi pengawasan dilakukan dengan mengontrol kuantitas dan kualitas hasil kerja melalui sistem pengukuran penilaian. Dari konsep dan fungsi-fungsi manajemen pendidikan ini, akan melahirkan sebuah gambaran aktivitas manajerial pendidikan dalam penerapan inovasi manajemen pendidikan dengan mengedepankan fungsi-fungsi manajemen pendidikan.
Variation of Linear Algebra Problems, Based on Algebraic Models, In the Training of Teachers of Mathematics at Univerisdad Autonoma De Santo Domingo UASD
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, Cuevas Aury Rafael Pérez
Published: April 2021

This report deals with one of the presented problems in the initial training of mathematics teachers and aims to characterize the process of variation problems of linear algebra at the Autonomous University of Santo Domingo. The methods used were the historical-logical and the analysis-synthesis. The main results are the precision and systematization of different theoretical approaches proposed by authors and the conclusive analysis of the process.
Implementation of Economic Policies Facing Covid 19 in Supporting Nonmilitary Defense
Authors:   Universitas Pertahanan, Kawasan IPSC Sentul, Sukahati, Kec. Citeureup, Bogor, Jawa Barat 16810- Indonesia, Saputro Guntur Eko
Published: April 2021

Non-military defense is structured into a security function for public safety which includes natural disaster management, humanitarian operations, socio-culture, economics, defense psychology, which is basically related to awareness of state defense and technology development. The government's economic policies in facing Covid 19 have an impact on Non-military Defense, especially in the economic sector, including causing prolonged uncertainty so that investment weakens and has implications for the cessation of business in all fields that threaten the nation's disintegration. The research objective is to provide government input on the implementation and strategy of economic policies in dealing with Covid 19. Research using qualitative methods is aimed at understanding social phenomena from the perspective of participants. The results achieved are in accordance with the Policy Implementation theory that the government needs a strategy to prepare a strategy through a professional grand design or map, increased coordination between central and local governments and appropriate economic policy setting, especially budget.
Notas etnográficas acerca da peregrinação ao Morro da Gamela – ES: um olhar a partir da Geografia Cultural
Authors: Sathler Maicon Lemos
Published: April 2021

O presente estudo objetivou discutir o perfil dos peregrinos e sua correlação com as dinâmicas dos processos nas práticas das manifestações religiosas no Parque Municipal Morro da Gamela, transfigurado em um simulacro denominado Monte Horebe, em Vitória, diagnosticando a noção das experiências religiosas quanto à manifestação do sagrado por meio de sua peregrinação. Utilizaram-se instrumentos metodológicos como revisão bibliográfica, entrevista semiestruturada e questionário socioeconômico e étnico-cultural. Ao se analisarem os dados compilados, observou-se um perfil diferenciado, sobretudo por se tratar de um lugar sagrado de terreno acidentado e íngreme que não impede a visita de peregrinos de faixas etárias mais avançadas. Além disso, é possível constatar em número expressivo a participação de mulheres em relação ao número de homens, contudo, o presente estudo se mostrou insuficiente para demonstrar os aspectos do sagrado e da hierofania em si, fazendo-se necessário traçar novos panoramas.
Equações de chuvas intensas para o sudeste do estado do Tocantins, Brasil
Authors: Prólo Tamara Thalia , Silva Neto Virgílio Lourenço , Carmo Ezequiel Lopes do , Júnior Otacilio Silveira , Da Silva Luziano Lopes
Published: April 2021

A chuva intensa é uma ocorrência extrema, composta por duração, distribuição temporal e espacial críticas in situ, determinada a partir da relação intensidade-duração-frequência (IDF). As precipitações intensas podem provocar erosão dos solos, inundações e consideráveis prejuízos em áreas rurais e urbanas, limitando a execução e a expansão de inúmeros projetos e serviços. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo está na obtenção de relações de intensidade, duração e frequência para os municípios que compõem a região sudeste do Tocantins com base em dados adquiridos de estações em dez dos vinte municípios, obtendo assim a intensidade das chuvas com duração de 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 120, 240, 360, 720 e 1440 minutos, e com tempos de retorno de 5, 50 e 100 anos, com base nas séries históricas de precipitação máxima diária anual. Nestas durações, foram empregados os coeficientes multiplicativos e, consequentemente, geração das curvas IDF referentes aos respectivos períodos de retorno. Para as dez estações pluviométricas, os parâmetros das equações intensidade-duração-frequência foram ajustados, apresentando valores R² acima de 0,990. Portanto, para representar as estimativas dos componentes das precipitações intensas e com base no teste de aderência de Kolmogorov-Smirnov ao nível de 5% de significância, a distribuição de Gumbel mostrou-se adequada para os dez municípios estudados.
Educação, informação e tecnologia: dos processos de organização e recuperação da informação aos objetos e aprendizagem
Authors: Gusmão Souza Sampaio Cyntia Layane , Nascimento da Silva Cláudio Nei
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho é um esforço teórico de aproximar duas áreas do conhecimento: a Educação e a Ciência da Informação. Seu objetivo é discutir temas comumente estudados na Ciência da Informação a partir da problemática educativa, sendo eles: os processos de organização e recuperação da informação, o letramento informacional e os objetos educacionais. De natureza teórica e buscando os aportes na literatura concernente, o artigo se esforçou por evidenciar como as questões relacionadas à informação são fundamentais para se fortalecer a compreensão do fenômeno educativo. Ademais, conclui-se reforçando a natureza tecnológica da educação; a importância dos processos de recuperação e organização no processo de ensino; a necessidade de se desenvolver um letramento informacional de professores e estudantes; e a subutilização dos objetos de aprendizagem na educação.
MEDIA DAGANG GAME UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI USAHA DAGANG MATA PELAJARAN AKUNTANSI
Authors: Kesuma Ameliasari Tauresia
Published: April 2021

Media Dagang Game adalah sebuah media simulasi yang dibuat berdasarkan permainan Monopoly, tetapi disesuaikan dengan aturan transaksi usaha dagang sesuai kompetensi dasar yang harus dipahami siswa kelas XII. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan metode dan strategi pembelajaran media dagang game untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa mata pelajaran akuntansi pada materi usaha dagang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Media Dagang Game dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa yang ditunjukkan dari nilai ketuntasan belajar dan rerata hasil belajar siswa saat pra penelitian, siklus 1 dan siklus 2.
PENGEMBANGAN ALAT PERAGA KIMIA SEDERHANA (ALGATOMIOKUL) PADA MATERI ATOM, ION DAN MOLEKUL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Oktiarmi Peri
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini memaparkan hasil kreativitas dan inovasi pengembangan alat perga pembelajaran pendidikan kimia sederhana (algatomiokul) pada materi atom, ion dan molekul untuk meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa. Pengujian alat peraga dilakukan melalui validasi oleh tiga orang ahli desain pembelajaran, produk /desain grafis dan substansi materi. Setelah perangkat pembelajaran divalidasi dan direvisi, dilakukan pengujian kepada guru kimia yang mengajar di sekolah serta uji coba di kelas secara kelompok kecil dan kelompok besar. Validasi dilakukan oleh dua orang validator, dimana bertujuan agar komentar yang diberikan semakin banyak sehingga media yang dihasilkan juga semakin menarik dan memiliki kualitas yang baik. Uji coba penelitian melibatkan dua puluh sembilan orang siswa yang dikelompokkan menjadi tiga kategori yaitu kemampuan yang sangat baik, sedang dan lemah. Pengelompokan betujuan agar peneliti bisa melihat pada kelompok mana media ini dapat diterapkan dengan baik.
MENDONGKRAK AUTENTISITAS PENILAIAN BAHASA INGGRIS MELALUI PENERAPAN SISTEM PENILAIAN ELASI
Authors: Fiktorius Teddy
Published: April 2021

Ujian Nasional (UN) mata pelajaran bahasa Inggris pada jenjang SMA memunculkan polemik terkait distorsi autentisitas penilaian. UN bahasa Inggris yang hanya mengukur keterampilan mendengarkan dan membaca melalui seperangkat instrumen tes berbentuk pilihan ganda tidak mendukung eksistensi autentisitas penilaian. Melalui kajian mendalam terhadap literatur dan dokumen yang tersedia serta pengamatan lapangan, sebuah produk inovatif berupa sistem penilaian bertajuk English Language Assessment System in Indonesia (ELASI) digagas oleh penulis sebagai langkah korektif yang menawarkan solusi untuk mendukung pelaksanaan penilaian bahasa Inggris yang mengedepankan autentisitas. Gagasan ilmiah ELASI berorientasi pada pemenuhan autentisitas penilaian dari aspek relevansi karakteristik tes dengan kondisi nyata kehidupan sehari-hari dan implementasi kemampuan berpikir aras tinggi.
MODEL BUDGET RUN DAN TUNAS INTEGRITAS DALAM PEMBELAJARAN EKONOMI SMA: EFEKTIVITAS DAN RESPONS PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Ariyanti Ariyanti
Published: April 2021

Dalam pembelajaran ekonomi, peserta didik mengeluhkan banyaknya konsep, materi, hafalan, dan gambar kurva yang harus dipelajari. Pembelajaran ekonomi juga dianggap terlalu membosankan dengan pembelajaran monoton yang berpusat pada guru. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, tulisan ini menawarkan model pembelajaran yang dapat diterapkan dan menyenangkan berbasis cooperative learning dan kelompok, dikemas dalam suasana games, mewadahi tipe belajar peserta didik yang beragam dan penuh dengan pendidikan karakter yang dinamakan model Budget Run dan Tunas Integritas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan menguji efektivitas di kelas XI IPS 1. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah model riset dan pengembangan (R & D) Plomp yang dikombinasikan dengan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Tahapan dalam penelitian pengembangan ini meliputi Preliminary Investigation, Design and Develop, Realization, Test Evaluation and Revision, dan Implementation. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan Budget Run dan Tunas Integritas (TI) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar, serta respons dan minat peserta didik.
IMPLEMENTASI SCIENTIFIC LEARNING UNTUK MELATIH HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILL (HOTS) PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Mariyam Siti
Published: April 2021

Scientific Learning (SL) helps students observe and imitate any solutions that arise in their groups when they face a problem. SL can also balance the ability of students with the process of assimilation, accommodating problems, developing strategies and finding relationships for each event to solve problems. The SL learning model will produce competencies such as persistence, Student self-control, open thinking through discussion, flexible in making decisions, reasoning to choose the best solution, creative and thinking critically to find solutions where all are the abilities needed to train the HOTS competences of Students. The research was conducted in 3 cycles with 6 learning meetings on the subject of Number Processing / Spreadsheet Applications in class X Accounting at SMK Muhammadiyah Aimas, Sorong Regency. The data analysis technique used triangulation techniques both data and methods from the results of interviews recording, storing visual data, and telephone recordings. The results showed that SL can increase students' HOTS which is marked by increasing high-level thinking competencies including critical thinking, problem solving, adaptability, high initiative, creativity, curiosity to solve problems which are entirely of the students' individual ability. Meanwhile, in terms of social skills, it is marked by improving the communication and collaboration skills of students in solving problems.
STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN GURU DALAM MENANGANI SISWA SPEECH DELAY
Authors: Manurung Novarida
Published: April 2021

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi tentang  masalah dan tantangan guru dalam menghadapi siswa yang memiliki gangguan bicara atau keterlambatan berkomunikasi atau speech delay, mengetahui kebutuhan siswa yang memiliki gangguan bicara atau keterlambatan berkomunikasi atau speech delay, mengetahui dan menerapkan Solusi pendekatan, metoda dan strategi yang efektif dan efisien dalam menghadapi siswa yang memiliki gangguan bicara atau keterlambatan berkomunikasi atau speech delay, untuk mengetahui hasil hasil dari solusi pendekatan, metode dan strategi yang digunakan siswa yang memiliki gangguan bicara atau keterlambatan berkomunikasi atau speech delay. Dilakukan melalui membaca dari berbagai sumber atau studi pustaka dan pengumpulan data melalui pengamatan serta pengalaman pribadi penulis sebagai guru mata pelajaran kimia dan sebagai wali kelas sepuluh jurusan Nautika Kapal Niaga di SMK negeri 12 Medan, Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Hasil yang diperoleh oleh penulis dalam pengalaman, diperoleh bahwa anak yang mengalami gangguan komunikasi ini memiliki berbagai karakter yang unik, pribadi yang menyendiri dan dari kesendiriannya ternyata dihasilkan suatu karya yang baik. Untuk mengembangkan potensi yang dimiliki anak yang sering di sebut idola ini melalui komunikasi lewat tulisan dengan karya yang luman bagus perlu diikut sertakan dalam berbagai kegiatan lomba menulis puisi atau pantun. Ini diperlukan seorang pembimbing yang memiliki hati yang tangguh sehingga potensi anak tersebut dapat tergalih dengan baik. Oleh karena itu diperlukan strategi pembelajaran guru kimia dalam menangani siswa speech delay.
Pemenuhan Hak atas Air Bersih dan Sehat, Serta Hak Menggugat Masyarakat
Authors: Wattimena Josina Augusthina Yvonne
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Clean and healthy water is the right of everyone to get and enjoy it. The fact is that not everyone can enjoy this right, and this is closely related to the obligations of the State. This State obligation should be implemented in various actions as a form of fulfillment of human rights. Purposes of the Research: Analyze and study the fulfillment of the right to clean and healthy water and the right to sue the community.Methods of the Research: This research is an empirical research with interview and questionnaire data which are then processed qualitatively. Results / Findings of the Research: The results showed that the right to clean and healthy water has very broad dimensions, two of which contain a health dimension but also an environmental dimension, which is essentially a human right. Therefore, regulations on the fulfillment of the right to clean and healthy water have been formulated in various legal provisions, both law making treaties and soft law. National law such as the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia has formulated and implemented it has been followed by various implementing regulations. The full exercise of the right to clean and healthy water which is demanded by the ICESCR depends entirely on appropriate legal provisions and legal remedies at the national level.
Perjanjian Kerjasama Internasional dalam Konstruksi Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia
Authors: Riry Welly Angela , Baadilla Efie , Leatemia Wilshen , Hattu Vondaal Vidya
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The times have demanded international cooperative relations, including Indonesia, which is solely done to improve the welfare and prosperity of the people. International agreements are the main instrument for the implementation of international cooperative relations. Purposes of the Research: The purpose of this research is to find out and understand the position of international cooperation agreements in the construction of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia.Methods of the Research: This research is a normative study using a statutory approach with the source of legal materials used  primary legal materials and secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials with qualitative analysis with deductive and inductive methods. Results of the Research: Every process of implementing and ratifying an international cooperation agreement must be carried out using formal statutory instruments so that the Indonesian state forms and issues a regulation in regulating all matters concerning international agreements, this proves the importance of establishing international cooperation and also shows that international cooperation agreements also become part of the construction of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia.
Perlindungan Hukum Wilayah Pesisir dalam Pengendalian Pencemaran dan Perusakan Laut Pesisir di Negeri Batumerah Damer, Kabupaten Maluku Barat Daya
Authors: Palijama Tomy
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Indonesia with its geographic form as an archipelagic country. Based on these considerations, the Indonesian government states that all waters around, between and connecting islands are the territorial territory of the Indonesian state. Purposes of the Research: Assessing and analyzing the legal protection of coastal areas in controlling pollution and destruction of coastal seas.Methods of the Research: This research is a normative study using a statutory approach with the source of legal materials used  primary legal materials and secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials with qualitative analysis with deductive and inductive methods. Results of the Research: Environmental pollution is caused by human activities themselves, either through industrial activities or household activities that produce waste and garbage, which are grouped into 3 things, namely the existence of environmental pollution (pollution), land misuse (land misused) and destruction or depletion of sources. natural resources (Natural Resources). Environmental pollution in the form of water pollution which includes rivers and lakes, marine pollution, air pollution and noise.
Eficacia de esterilización del instrumental odontológico en las centrales de esterilización de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Central del Ecuador, mediante la utilización de indicador biológico
Authors: Santafé Viana Jorge Vinicio , Izquierdo Bucheli Alexie Elizabeth
Published: April 2021

El riesgo por infección cruzada se encuentra permanentemente durante la práctica odontológica, razón por la cual es vital aplicar las normas de bioseguridad y mantener un control estricto del proceso de esterilización del material e instrumental empleado; para esto, la utilización de indicadores biológicos ayuda a obtener mayor confiabilidad en la determinación de la eficacia del proceso esterilización, ya que evidencian la destrucción o no de esporas. Objetivo: Establecer la eficacia de esterilización por calor húmedo del instrumental odontológico en las centrales de esterilización de pregrado, quirófano y exodoncia de la FOUCE, mediante el uso de indicador biológico en la capacidad máxima de las autoclaves. Materiales y métodos: la investigación fue desarrollada en el autoclave de las centrales de esterilización de pregrado, quirófano y exodoncia FOUCE, colocando un indicador biológico en cada uno de ellos a 121ºC, 1 atmósfera y activando el proceso de esterilización propiamente dicha por 20 minutos, para luego de ser incubado obtener el resultado. Este estudio se llevó a cabo en dos ciclos de esterilización al día, dos días a la semana, durante un mes. Resultados: En la central de esterilización de pregrado, el 100% de sus muestras fueron negativas a presencia de esporas. En la central de esterilización de quirófano el 50% de las muestras fueron negativas y el 50% positivas. Y en la central de esterilización de exodoncia el 94% de las muestras fueron negativas y el 6,0% positivas. Conclusión: La Facultad de odontología de la Universidad Central del Ecuador, en sus centrales de esterilización de pregrado, exodoncia y quirófano cuentan con una eficacia del 81,25%.
Internet Use among University Students: A Survey in University of the Punjab, Lahore
Authors: Bashir Sakina , Mahmood Khalid , Shafique Farzana
Published: April 2021

The paper presents the results of a survey of the undergraduate, graduate and post graduate students of the University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. The objective of the study was to explore the Internet use behavior of students. The results show that most of the students use this technology for course related reading and research needs. They are new users of the Internet. They use it at the University Library's Digital Lab Unit as well as their departments and homes. A large number of them have learnt to use the Internet tools by themselves, or relying on assistance from friends without attending any formal training programs. Ease of work and time saving are the reasons of Internet use among university students. Google as a search engine and Yahoo as an email service are the most popular among students. The paper recommends that the university authorities should arrange training programs for the students' Internet use.
Developing New Competencies Among LIS Professionals: Challenges for Educators
Authors: Rehman Sajjad ur
Published: April 2021

This paper describes the development of library and information studies/science (LIS) into different phases during the last century. Academic programs and preparation of LIS professionals have witnessed a continuous change. It is realized that unless this process of change of curriculum is clearly envisaged in the future, LIS professional would become irrelevant in the emerging market. For this purpose, new competencies have been defined that the LIS professionals need to possess in the light of i.e. Special Libraries Association (SLA), American Library Association (ALA) and Association of Southeastern Research Libraries (ASERL) competency documents. That has led to articulation of modules of coursework that could serve as benchmarks for curriculum revision and design. A number of environmental, organizational, and professional challenges have been identified that could impeded the process of change and curriculum redesign.
Awareness of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Tools Among Library Professionals in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Dhanavandan S. , Esmail S. Mohammed , Mani V.
Published: April 2021

The world is undergoing a transition from a paper economy to a digital economy. The need of the hour is a highly proactive role from the Third World countries either singly or jointly, that would take into account the changing scenarios in the information and communication technologies and their non-linear interactions and convergence. Developing countries are being encouraged to invest in their national information infrastructure so that they can participate in knowledge based development. Advances have brought many changes in libraries. An attempt has been made in this study to identify usage of Information Communication Tool among the library professionals in Tamil Nadu. Nearly 175 questionnaires were distributed among the library professionals in Tamil Nadu. Nearly 170 responses (97%) were received. It is found that all the respondents are using in one-way or the other various types of ICT Media tools.
Evolving Role of the Information Center: Challenges and Directions
Authors: Rehman Sajjad ur
Published: April 2021

The paper provides a critical review of the development of information center through different phases, transformation of the information center in response to the inter-disciplinary imperatives of information and knowledge management, IT imperatives, trends in the areas of content, services, management, and personnel, and future possibilities and prospects. An extensive review of literature was made in order to discern trends and analyze the current situation in pertinent areas focused in this paper. It was noted that the information center has changed through different phases. Information and knowledge management have made a distinct impact on the dynamics of the center. Changes in resources and services, IT applications, user community, and management practices are most evident. These factors have been critical in shaping the identity and substance of the information centers. Based on this analysis, challenges facing the information centers have been elaborated. Best practices in specific areas in the developed nations have been highlighted. Future of the information center is projected to be dynamic, enterprising, and challenging. This review is useful for taking strategic cues for planning and managing the information centers.
Analysis of transportation access and geological knowledge based on GIS technologies for exploration planning in Altai-Sayany fold area
Authors: Antonets Anastasia , Vakhrushev Andrey , Chernykh Alexander
Published: April 2021

The paper assesses transportation access for various regions of the southwestern Altai-Sayany fold area (ASFA) and analyzes geological knowledge about gold based on spatial data analysis using GIS technologies. This work is based on our technique. This technique allowed to convert qualitative concepts (access, knowledge and development) into quantitative indicators useful to compare various clusters within one region as well as various regions. The main constituents of transportation access (distance from roads, topography slope and terrain trafficability) are characterized in detail. The main computation methods and design characteristic visualization techniques are presented. Quantification of gold knowledge density allowed validation of its diversity and recognition of underexplored areas. Based on complexing the obtained digital data, the paper shows that underexplored gold districts and clusters are identified in the southern, less accessible part. Correlation of trafficability and geological knowledge is revealed; these indicators are found to affect metallogenic zoning concepts. The conclusion is validated that the current ideas about ASFA gold potential and metallogenic zoning are determined by both geology and trafficability, and the current geological know-ledge level.
Types, structure and location of fractured gold pockets
Authors: Nekrasov Evgeny , Nekrasov Alexander
Published: April 2021

Fractured gold ore pockets of various types are classified and their structure is described in detail. This will allow explorationists to confirm high-grade gold ores, which is especially important in underground deposit mining. Gold pockets were mapped and analyzed by the author at deposits in Uzbekistan (Muruntau, Daugyz, Charmitan, Kokpatas), eastern Trans-Baikal region (Darasun, Balei, etc.) and Kochkarskoye (South Urals). Also, the paper describes the material collected by the author at gold pockets in Natalkinskoye, Nezhdaninskoye, Pavlik and Kyuchus deposits in Yakutia, Berikul in Western Siberia, Bakyrchik in Kazakhstan as well as deposits from Australia (Kalgoorlie, Northman, etc.), USA (Comstock, etc.), Canada (Porcupine), among others.
Foreign Policy of Russia: ‘Soft Power’ of the Regions
Authors: Arteev S. P.
Published: April 2021

As relations between the Russian Federation and the West continue to deteriorate, traditional diplomatic instruments become less eff ective. Conversely, the role of alternative diplomatic channels is growing. However, the Russian foreign policy still tends to underestimate their potential. In particular, the soft power potential of the Russian regions appears to be largerly under-utilized. The paper starts with a general overview of the specifi c features of sub-state/sub-national actors in the world politics. In particular, the author emphasizes that these actors are synthetic by nature, which predetermines their particular role on the international scene, as they can use policy instruments specifi c to both state and non-state actors. The author provides a model for classifi cation of the Russian regions based on the level of their international activity. The paper examines by what means the international activities of the regions can infl uence the interstate relations and outlines two basic frameworks for joint actions of the federal center and the regions on the international arena: ‘culture and image-building’ and ‘political plus’. The author emphasizes the importance of the federal-regional cooperation in addressing foreign policy issues, particularly, in response to international crises. The paper assesses the capacity of diff erent Russian sub-national actors to actively participate through their soft power potential in normalization of interstate relations. The author concludes that this potential could be successfully integrated into the Russian foreign policy strategy. However, in order to improve the quality of the federal-regional cooperation on the foreign policy issues, it is necessary to develop a new framework for interaction between the federal center and the regions of the Russian Federation, based on greater involvement of regional representatives in the decision-making process (which implies reassessment of the entire system of federal relations).