bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Storage sites for tunnel excavation material – challenges and approach using the Gotthard and Ceneri Base Tunnels as examples
Authors: Schwalt Markus , Rabaiotti Carlo
Published: June 2018

The construction of the Gotthard and Ceneri Base Tunnels through the Alps resulted in large quantities of excavated material. Selecting appropriate storage sites for the excavated material is a very important step that is often determined not only by technical criteria but also by external circumstances, a fact that may lead to sites that are not optimally suitable. Managing geotechnically difficult conditions in a professional manner is a decisive prerequisite to make a success of the planning and design process. Applying profound experience furthermore permits optimizations which lead to more efficient utilization of the available storage areas while at the same time maintaining the required structural stability. Such optimizations require detailed geotechnical investigation, careful planning and design, and thorough observation during construction. Furthermore, experience and specialist knowledge of comparable structures are helpful. The Chalchofen storage site at the Gotthard and the Sigirino site at the Ceneri Base Tunnel are used as examples to present a target‐oriented approach. The observations and measurements made the projects a success. To ensure a favorable outcome of such construction projects, it is of vital importance that all the parties involved (owner, consultant and checking engineer) work together effectively and efficiently.
Application of testicular spermatozoa cryopreservation in assisted reproduction
Authors: Yu Guanling , Liu Yujin , Zhang Haozhen , Wu Keliang
Published: June 2018

Objective

To evaluate the efficiency of spermatozoa cryopreservation and to compare the clinical pregnancy outcomes in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) using fresh versus cryopreserved spermatozoa collected by testicular sperm aspiration (TESA).

Methods

A retrospective study was performed to compare the outcomes of men who accepted frozen‐spermatozoa‐based TESA‐ICSI with those of men who underwent TESA‐ICSI using fresh spermatozoa between January 1, 2015, and December 30, 2016. The groups were matched for age. The rates of fertilization, good‐quality embryos, blastocyst formation, and clinical pregnancy outcomes were obtained from clinical records and were compared between the groups.

Results

There were no significant differences between the frozen TESA group (n=79) and the fresh TESA group (n=194) in the rates of fertilization (71.4% vs 73.4%), good‐quality embryos (55.3% vs 54.5%), blastocyst formation (60.9% vs 60.1%), clinical pregnancy (61.7% vs 55.1%), and live delivery (51.1% vs 45.7%) (P>0.05 for all comparisons).

Conclusion

Freezing low‐count sperm collected by TESA with a cryoprotectant was an efficient method in the treatment of male factor infertility.
Measurement of flow‐mediated dilation of mouse femoral artery in vivo by optical coherence tomography
Authors: Song Weiye , Zhou Libo , Kot Kevin L. , Fan Huijie , Han Jingyan , Yi Ji
Published: June 2018

Flow‐mediated vasodilation (FMD) is used for assessment of vascular endothelial function in humans as a predictor of cardiovascular events. It has been challenging to carry it on preclinical murine models due to the diminutive size of the femoral artery. Here, we present a new approach to accurately measure the blood velocity and femoral artery diameters of mice by acquiring Doppler optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography continuously within 1 single experimental scanning protocol. Using the 3‐dimensional imaging and new velocity algorithm, the measurement precision of diameter, blood flow, velocity and wall shear stress are improved to 0.91%, 11.0%, 10.7% and 14.0%, respectively. FMD of healthy mouse femoral artery measured by this method was 11.96% ± 0.98%, which was blunted to 5.69% ± 0.4% by intravenous administration of endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (L‐NG‐Nitroarginine methyl ester), in agreement with that reported in the literature.
A rare case of full neurological recovery from severe nonexertional heatstroke during a bedrock bath
Authors: Sagisaka Shogo , Tamune Hidetaka , Shimizu Keiki , Kashiyama Tetsuya
Published: June 2018

We report a rare case of full neurological recovery in a 77‐year‐old woman with an initial Glasgow Coma Scale of 3 while taking a bedrock bath. Severe heatstroke was quickly diagnosed, and intensive treatment was immediately provided. Laboratory data showed multi‐organ failure, and her electroencephalogram showed very low amplitude, indicating a poor prognosis; however, she gradually recovered consciousness, and her electroencephalogram normalized, showing a Glasgow Coma Scale of 15 at discharge. This case demonstrated that physicians should pay careful attention when withholding treatment from a patient with severe heatstroke accompanied by a poor initial electroencephalogram result and laboratory data.
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Sulfonamide‐β‐Lactam Conjugates
Authors: Brown David P. , Saklani Pooja , Luo Jiawei
Published: June 2018

New sulfonamide‐β‐lactam molecular conjugates 3(a–l) have been generated through microwave‐assisted synthesis. β‐Lactams 1(a–e) reacted with selected sulfonamides under microwave irradiation in the presence of KI and mediated by K2CO3 to afford conjugates 3(a–l). All new compounds were structurally authenticated by spectroscopic and elemental analyses.
Enhancement of alfalfa yield and quality by plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria under saline‐alkali conditions
Authors: Liu Jiali , Tang Lu , Gao Hong , Zhang Miao , Guo Changhong
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND

Bacteria with 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity could decrease the ethylene level, confer resistance of plant, and stimulate plant growth under biotic and abiotic stress conditions.

RESULTS

Plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains Enterobacter aerogenes (LJL‐5) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (LJL‐13) were obtained from the rhizosphere of alfalfa grown under saline‐alkali conditions. The ACC deaminase activity of E. aerogenes (LJL‐5) and Ps. aeruginosa (LJL‐13) was approximately 2−5 µmol mg−1 h−1. indole acetic acid synthesis was increased with the increasing concentration of l‐tryptophan. Siderophore production and phosphate solubilization in Ps. aeruginosa (LJL‐13) were higher than those in E. aerogenes (LJL‐5). Compared to the non‐inoculated seedlings (1.31 ng mL−1 h−1), inoculated alfalfa seedlings with E. aerogenes (LJL‐5) (0.90 ng mL−1 h−1) and Ps. aeruginosa (LJL‐13) (0.78 ng mL−1 h−1) emitted lower levels of ethylene. Under saline‐alkali conditions in the greenhouse, inoculation with E. aerogenes (LJL‐5) and Ps. aeruginosa (LJL‐13) increased the biomass, soil and plant analyzer development (SPAD), and P content of alfalfa plants, and also induced the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase), promoted the accumulation of antioxidant substances and removed various harmful substances. Under saline‐alkali conditions in the field (2012, 2013, and 2014), inoculation of alfalfa with E. aerogenes (LJL‐5) and Ps. aeruginosa (LJL‐13) significantly increased the shoot height, fresh and dry weights, yield and crude protein content of alfalfa plants, but decreased the fiber content.

CONCLUSION

Two PGPR strains were isolated from the rhizosphere of alfalfa in saline‐alkali conditions. Both strains could promote alfalfa growth in saline‐alkali soil, and could be used as biofertilizer to promote plant growth under stress and reduce environmental pollution caused by fertilizers simultaneously. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Exploring a Polar Two‐dimensional Multi‐layered Hybrid Perovskite of (C5H11NH3)2(CH3NH3)Pb2I7 for Ultrafast‐Responding Photodetection
Authors: Han Shiguo , Wang Peng , Zhang Jing , Liu Xitao , Sun Zhihua , Huang Xiaoying , Li Lina , Ji Chengmin , Zhang Weichuan , Teng Bing , Hu Weida , Hong Maochun , Luo Junhua
Published: June 2018

Although organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskites demonstrate promising potentials for photodetection, one great challenge still to be addressed is their relatively low responding speed (often at the magnitude order of ∼ms). Herein, a solution‐processed photodetector based on polar two‐dimensional (2D) multilayered hybrid perovskite crystal is fabricated, (C5H11NH3)2(CH3NH3)Pb2I7 (EMA, where C5H11NH3+ is n‐pentylaminium), which exhibits an ultrafast responding time of ≈1.52 μs. This figure‐of‐merit is faster at least by 2–4 orders than other reported 2D organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskite photodetectors. To the best of knowledge, this is the record‐fast response‐speed for lateral‐type devices of 2D organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskite. Such ultrafast responding can be attributed to the high crystallinity and quite low density of defects and traps. In addition, this device also presents a high photocurrent on/off ratio (>103) and extremely low dark current (≈10−10 A), indicating its potential applications for high‐efficiency photodetectors. Our results pave the pathway toward ultrafast responding photodetection of 2D organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskites.
Dynamic Monte Carlo Simulation of Olefin Block Copolymers (OBCs) Produced via Chain‐Shuttling Polymerization: Effect of Kinetic Rate Constants on Chain Microstructure
Authors: Tongtummachat Tiprawee , Anantawaraskul Siripon , Soares João B. P.
Published: June 2018

Olefin block copolymers (OBCs) are thermoplastic elastomers with unique statistical multiblock structures produced by chain‐shuttling polymerization. In this study, a dynamic Monte Carlo model is used to simulate the effect of changing chain‐shuttling (kCS), catalyst deactivation (kd), and chain transfer (ktr) rate constants on the microstructure of OBCs made in a semi‐batch reactor. The simulations show how each rate constant governs different aspects of the OBC chains and provide guidelines on how to fine‐tune OBC microstructure to achieve precisely designed multiblock structures.
Labors investieren in Gerätetechnik
Authors: Zbikowski Frauke
Published: June 2018

Der Umsatz deutscher Hersteller von Analysengeräten und Labortechnik wuchs im letzten Jahr zweistellig und damit mehr als der Weltmarkt. Überraschend stark entwickelte sich das Geschäft im Inland.
Rohstoffszenarien: Versorgung im Jahr 2050
Authors: Weyer Hans‐Jürgen , Bott Christoph
Published: June 2018

Aus einem internationalen Projekt entstanden Szenarien, wie die Welt der Zukunft aussehen könnte. Dabei geht es um Technik, Wirtschaft, Politik und Gesellschaft – und vor allem um mineralische Rohstoffe.
Evidence for Cogradient Growth and Survival Between Two Geographically Distinct Stocks of Muskellunge
Authors: Andree Sara R. , Parkos Joseph J. , Diana Matthew J. , Wagner Curtis P. , Wahl David H.
Published: June 2018

Intraspecific genetic variation across the distribution of Muskellunge Esox masquinongy suggests the existence of divergent stocks among major river drainages. Often, stocks differentiate in response to latitudinal variation in thermal regime. Genetic variation and thermal adaptation may drive fish to either maximize growth during brief growing seasons at higher latitudes (counter-gradient growth) or experience longer periods of slower growth at lower latitudes (cogradient growth). The strength and direction of these genetic effects matter for fish stocked outside of their native drainage and for populations experiencing changes to regional thermal regimes. We used a replicated pond experiment with uniform initial fish size and environmental conditions to compare the survival and growth of stocked age-0 Ohio River drainage (OH) Muskellunge with those of the more northerly upper Mississippi River drainage (MISS) stock following their first winter and a year after introduction into a common environment. Both stocks had similarly high winter survival, though the MISS stock had a slower growth rate overwinter than the OH stock. Survival during the latter spring-to-fall period was greatly reduced for the MISS stock, however, with the differences in growth rate persisting. These findings suggest that cogradient adaptation to temperatures experienced during early life stages in native environments results in a disadvantage for high-latitude stocks of Muskellunge in thermal regimes warmer than those they have historically experienced in their native drainages.
Transition from child to adult care in an outpatient clinic for adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: An inductive qualitative study
Authors: Raunsbæk Knudsen Line , de Thurah Annette , Bjerrum Merete
Published: June 2018

Aim

The aim of this study was to investigate experiences and needs in the transition from child to adult care in an outpatient clinic from the perspective of adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and their parents focusing on which aspects in the transition could ease the process.

Design

A qualitative design with an inductive approach.

Methods

Inductive content analysis was used to analyse individual interviews with three parents and three adolescents from a rheumatology clinic in Denmark.

Results

Three descriptive categories emerged: “Information during transition,” “Personalized care” and “A change of roles.” The comparative analysis of the categories revealed two explanatory themes: “To move from something known to something unknown” and “To develop and change.” We found that preparation for transition, information of organisational and procedural changes when entering adult care, continuity and relationships with health professionals characterised by trust as well as involvement of adolescents and parents will ease the process of transition.
Age dependency of primary tumor sites and metastases in patients with Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Worch Jennifer , Ranft Andreas , DuBois Steven G. , Paulussen Michael , Juergens Heribert , Dirksen Uta
Published: June 2018

Background

The median age of patients with Ewing sarcoma (EwS) at diagnosis is around 14–15 years. Older age is associated with a worse outcome. The correlation of age at diagnosis on sites of disease has not been fully described.

Objective

The goal of this study was to evaluate the differences in sites of primary tumor and metastatic tumor involvement according to age groups.

Design/method

EwS data from the Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatology (GPOH) database of the Cooperative Ewing Sarcoma Study (CESS) 81/86 and the European Intergroup Cooperative Ewing's Sarcoma Study EICESS 92 and the EUROpean Ewing tumor Working Initiative of National Groups‐99‐Protocol (EURO‐E.W.I.N.G.‐99) study were analyzed. Patient and tumor characteristics were evaluated statistically using chi square tests.

Results

The study population included 2,635 patients with bone EwS. Sites of primary and metastatic tumors differed according to the age groups of young children (0–9 years), early adolescence (10–14 years), late adolescence (15–19 years), young adults (20–24 years), and adults (more than 24 years). Young children demonstrated the most striking differences in site of disease with a lower proportion of pelvic primary and axial tumors. They presented less often with metastatic disease at diagnosis.

Conclusions

Site of primary and metastatic tumor involvement in EwS differs according to patient age. The biological and developmental etiology for these differences requires further investigations.
A novel approach to reducing admissions for children with sickle cell disease in pain crisis through individualization and standardization in the emergency department
Authors: Schefft Matthew R. , Swaffar Caitlan , Newlin Jennifer , Noda Cady , Sisler India
Published: June 2018

Background

Vaso‐occlusive crisis (VOC) is frequent in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) creating significant burden on patients, families, and emergency departments (ED). The objective of the project was to reduce the admission rate for children with SCD presenting to our ED with VOC by >20% within 6 months of initiating individualized pain plans (IPP).

Methods

A multi‐disciplinary quality improvement team was assembled. A Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act (PDSA) format was employed. The IPP document was created in a unique folder within the electronic medical record. IPPs were created through retrospective chart review for our 80 highest resource users. Pediatric residents, ED residents, and ED attending physicians were instructed on use of the IPPs. Our study measured the presence of an IPP, adherence to the IPP, and time to opiate administration. Our primary outcome was admission rate. Length of stay and 72‐hr return to the ED were assessed as balancing measures.

Results

Overall, admission rate decreased by 24% following implementation compared with the previous 5 years (P = 0.046). IPPs were created for 78% of patients and followed by ED staff in 86% of visits. Admission rate was significantly lower for patients receiving a second opiate dose within 45 min of the first dose (P < 0.01). There was no difference in readmission rate or 72‐hr return rate to ED.

Conclusions

This study presents an effective strategy to reduce admission rate for children with SCD presenting with VOC. Shorter time to second opiate dosing was also associated with reduced risk of admission.
83‐2: Liquid Crystal Display Panel with Piezoresistive Sensors Integrated
Authors: Lu Feng , Yao Qijun , Liu Liang , Ma Shaolong , Ma Conghua , Zhu Zaiwen , Wu Kerong , Yuan Yong , Ma Jun
Published: June 2018

A novel solution for integrating force sensors into a Liquid Crystal Display panel is proposed. Piezoresistive sensors with high sensitivity were fabricated in the peripheral area of a 5.5″ FHD LTPS display panel. . As a result, a more compact LCD panel with integrated force sensing function is enabled.
82‐5: Late-News Paper: High‐Resolution Printing for Future Processing of RGB OLED Displays
Authors: Gensler Manuel , Boeffel Christine , Kröpke Stefan , Kronemeijer Auke Jisk , Ke Tung Huei , Papadopoulos Nikolas , Yao Jian , Stark John , Obene Pufinji
Published: June 2018

High resolution ESJET printing is presented for processing of OLED devices. With appropriate nozzle geometry and driving schemes pixel structures of 10 µm and below are achievable with the final goal of printing a 310 ppi RGB AMOLED display.
P‐10: A Study on Bending Tolerance of Hybrid IGZO TFTs Fabricated on PEN Films
Authors: Liang Yu-Hsing , Huang Wan-Chen , Wang Hsiu-Hua , Cheng Chun-Cheng , Liu Chu-Yu , Chiang Min-Feng
Published: June 2018

Electrical behaviors of amorphous InGaZnO (a‐IGZO) thin film transistors (TFTs) with the flash lamp annealing process under mechanical stress were investigated in this study. While bending radius down to 5mm for tensile and compress stress, there is no obvious change for transfer characteristics. Hybrid IGZO TFTs show good bending tolerance, and it is useful for further applications of flexible electronics.
81‐2: Novel In‐Plane Switching (IPS) Mode with High Transmittance using Negative Dielectric Liquid Crystal
Authors: Eom You Hyun , Yoon Sang-Soon , Park Seung-Ryul , Lee Joun-Ho , Jun Myung-Chul , Kang In-Byoung
Published: June 2018

We propose a novel In‐Plane Switching (IPS) mode with higher transmittance than conventional IPS mode using electrode modification and negative dielectric liquid crystals (nLC). In this configuration, nLC minimize the tilt angle which can prevent the transmittance decrease and therefore transmittance is increased about 20% compare to the conventional IPS mode. Moreover, reflectance of panel is dramatically decreased by substitution of metal electrode.
80‐3: Research on ZnO‐MgO QDs and its Application in QLED
Authors: Li Qing , Sun Yi , Zhang Xu , Zhang Zhenbo , Khan Qasim , Chen Jing , Lei Wei , Xia Jun
Published: June 2018

Colloidal ZnO‐MgO core‐shell QDs are synthesized. The UV light is attributed to prominent near‐band‐edge emission, whereas visible light is caused by defect states emission, which is suppressed at an optimized anneal temperature for QD films. A QLED with structure ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PVK/QDs/Al is fabricated, resulting in electroluminescence of UV light centered at 370 nm.
P‐12: Novel 1‐to‐N Architecture of Bidirectional Gate Driver for Ultra‐Narrow‐Border Display
Authors: Wang Zhijun , Huang Hongtao , Dai Chao , Xia Di
Published: June 2018

A unique gate driver with novel 1‐to‐N architecture is proposed. It is achieved by sharing the inter‐stage transfer unit between adjacent N stages, resulting in the reduction of TFT number per stage to narrow the border. An embodiment is demonstrated within 5.5” FHD LCDs using ESL oxide TFT technology.
P‐13: Electrical Characteristics and Stability of Double‐Gate a‐IGZO Thin Film Transistors with Self‐Aligned Top‐Gate
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Deng Xuan , Yang Huan , Zhou Xiaoliang , Zhang Letao , Zhang Shengdong
Published: June 2018

In this paper, the electrical characteristics and stability of double‐gate (DG) a‐IGZO TFTs with self‐aligned top‐gate are investigated. The stability of DG TFTs deteriorated as the a‐IGZO layer thickness decreased from 40nm to 20nm, and an abnormal positive Vth shift under NBS might be due to the ion migration in stronger vertical electric field.
P‐27: Hue‐Preserving Color Enhancement Algorithm based on Detail Feedback in RGB Color Space
Authors: Chen Yunna , Pu Yiying , Syu Shen-Sian , Jou Ming-Jong
Published: June 2018

In this paper, a hue‐preserving saturation adjustment mechanism processing in RGB color space is proposed for color images. It avoids the gamut problem thoroughly that can arise from the conversion between RGB space and other color coordinate. Furthermore, an image‐adaptive saturation enhancement algorithm based on detail feedback is introduced. Experimental results show that more detail information of images is remained in our proposed method.
P‐32: Aftereffect of Viewing Concave Curved Displays: Assessment of Individual Differences in Equilibrioception Performance and Effects of Viewing Angle
Authors: Nakagawa Hiromaru , Hira Shoko , Ohtsuka Sakuichi , Kihara Ken
Published: June 2018

Relationship between the individual differences in curved‐surface‐aftereffect (CS‐AE) and equilibrioception performance is investigated. Subjects with a rigid perception of CS‐AE have rich sporting experience and so can integrate visual and gravity sensory systems well. Some of them can perceive CS‐AE when viewing narrow angle images in addition to wide ones.
P‐39: The Research of Automotive Dual View Display Techniques
Authors: Li Shuo , Lu Zhenghua , Dong Fei , Fang Liyu , Yoon D.K , Chen Xiuyun , Zhang Yinlong , He Zong-ze , Tian Chao , Chen Yuxuan , Zhang Liang , Yang Jianguang , Long Feng , Xiao Pin
Published: June 2018

This paper introduces a dual field of view display technique for automotive central information display. The new CID can display two separate images concurrently, which makes the driver see the navigation, and the copilot enjoy watching movies and other entertainment content in the car. We make the grating design based on the ordinary automotive LCD, generating 2 independent images, such as the odd columns pixels is an independent navigation video screen to the left, the even numbered columns of pixel is entertainment movie video screen to the right, so as to realize the vehicle display dual view display.
P‐55: Image Flicker Improvement in LTPS TFT‐LCD with Low Frequency Driving
Authors: Liu Bozhi , Chen Guozhao , Cai Xuanxian , Yang Xu , Chen Binbin , Zhu Chao , Li Junyi , Tseng Changho
Published: June 2018

We analyzed flicker of LCD and quantitatively evaluated it under different driving frequency with varied pixel holding ability, which points out the basis requirement for a certain LCD to achieve certain low driving frequency in terms of pixel leakage and storage capacitor. We also analyzed leakage of dual‐gate TFT bases on LTPS backplane technology and reduced it to a level of 0.14pA by properly process tuning, which makes it possible for a LTPS TFT‐LCD to support super low frequency driving. In addition, a 5‐inch FHD LTPS TFT‐LCD driven at 15Hz with unnoticeable flicker is achieved attributing to the promotion of pixel holding ability.
78‐3: 2D Representation of Display Color Gamut
Authors: Masaoka Kenichiro , Jiang Fu , Fairchild Mark D. , Heckaman Rodney L.
Published: June 2018

Display gamuts usually render complex shapes in a uniform color space, requiring observers to change views to comprehend a 3D plot. We propose a 2D representation of a display color gamut, named “gamut rings,” where the area within an arbitrary luminance and hue angle range corresponds to gamut volume.
74‐1: Invited Paper: Can LCDs Outperform OLED Displays in Ambient Contrast Ratio?
Authors: Chen Haiwei , Tan Guanjun , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: June 2018

We analyse the ambient contrast ratio (ACR) of LCDs and OLED displays at different viewing angles for smartphones, TVs, and public displays. Four primary factors affecting the ACR are surface reflection, light leakage of polarizer, device contrast ratio, and display brightness. Methods for enhancing the ACR of LCDs and OLEDs are discussed.
76‐4: Late-News Paper: Flat Panel Fingerprint/Touch‐input Image Sensor Using a‐Si TFT Photo‐transistor and Four‐Mask Process Architecture Technology
Authors: Cho An-Thung , Liu Zhen , Liu Kai-jun , Yang Feng-yun , Mo Qiong-hua , Hsu James , Chen Wade , Lu York
Published: June 2018

An Optical type fingerprint scanning/touch‐input flat panel is designed. The driving system is based on the passive pixel sensor (PPS) array with amorphous silicon (a‐Si) TFT technology. The embedded sensing structure of the optical sensor is using the a Si TFT phototransistor and four‐mask process architecture technology. The pixel density is over 500 PPI and the a‐Si TFT phototransistor sensor is high reliability by using Multi‐N+ layer in the a‐Si TFT structure.
72‐1: Requests to Lenses in Measuring Units Evaluating Near‐Eye Displays
Authors: Schuster Norbert , Krüger Udo , Porsch Tobias
Published: June 2018

Imaging Luminance and Color Measuring Devices (ILMD, ICMD) also called Array Detectors in combination with adapted measuring lenses provide effective one‐shot solutions to evaluate modern Near‐Eye Displays (NED). Basic parameters of those lenses depend on the NED‐arrangements under test.

Corresponding equations are deducted. The application of two new measuring lenses shows a way to generate a series of measuring lenses.
74‐5: Late-News Paper: High Dynamic Range Incell LCD with Excellent Performance
Authors: Deng Zhuo , Zheng Binyi , Zheng Jianping , Wu Ling , Yang Wenbin , Lin Zongwei , Shen Poping , Li Junyi
Published: June 2018

A high dynamic range LCD constituted by a 6.46 WQHD full screen with a notch was proposed, which possess mini LED local dimming technology. The fabricated HDR LCD may achieve peak brightness above 1000nits and maximum contrast over 3,000,000, making it a comparable display to match the performance of OLED.
75‐1: Distinguished Paper: High Resolution Photolithography for Direct View AMOLED AR Displays
Authors: Malinowski Paweł E. , Ke Tung-Huei , Nakamura Atsushi , Liu Ya-Han , Velpen Dieter Vander , Vandenplas Erwin , Papadopoulos Nikolas , Kronemeijer Auke Jisk , van der Steen Jan Laurens , Steudel Soeren , Kuo Che-Cheng , Huang Yen-Yu , Chen Yu-Hsien , Yeh Ming-Hua , Gelinck Gerwin , Heremans Paul
Published: June 2018

High resolution RGB OLED frontplane is a key enabler for direct‐view transparent AR displays. 1250 ppi passive displays and semi‐transparent active displays are shown. T90 lifetime at 1000 nit is above 150 hours after patterning. OLED photolithography can provide pixel density above 1000 ppi while keeping high aperture ratio.
P‐73: Broadband Quarter Wave Plate by Coating Technique
Authors: Sun Zhibo , Meng Cuiling , Tseng Ken , Ho Jacob , Kwok Hoi-Sing
Published: June 2018

Broadband quarter wave plates are widely used in optical system, especially in display system. Above all, a broadband quarter wave plate can be treated as an isolator in display to provide “perfect” dark state so as to improve the contrast ratio. A kind of broadband quarter wave plate combined by two waveplates with angle deviated is proposed and manufactured in this paper using coating technique. Two methods of combination of the two waveplate are proposed and tried. The reflection spectrum shows that this kind of structure can provide good dark state in display system.
66‐4: High Brightness Active Matrix Micro‐LEDs with LTPS TFT Backplane
Authors: Kim Hyo-Min , Um Jae Gwang , Lee Suhui , Jeong Duk Young , Jung Younghun , Lee Sang Hern , Jeong Tak , Joo Jaeyoung , Hur Jeongwook , Choi Jong Hwa , Kwak Joon Seop , Jang Jin
Published: June 2018

We report the active matrix micro‐LEDs (AMLEDs) with high brightness over 40,000 cd/m2. Active‐matrix low temperature poly‐Si TFT with mobility over 150 cm2/Vs by using blue laser annealing is used for AMLEDs. A 256 pixels micro‐LED with ~ 40,000 cd/m2 at the driving current of 10 mA is fabricated and then 1,024 pixels micro‐LED is demonstrated using Au bonding on the LTPS TFT backplane.
P‐75: Advanced Halftone Photolithography Using Four‐Mask Process Architecture for G8.6 TFT‐LCDs
Authors: Cho An-Thung , Hsu James , Zhou Jeff , Hong Jinn , Yang Feng-yun , Luo Yan-mei , Tian Yi-qun , Lei Dan , Liu Zhen , Mo Qiong-hua , Liu Kai-jun , Ge Bang-tong , Long Feng-xiang , Fu Ting-ting , Li Min , Chen Wade , Lu York
Published: June 2018

Advanced four‐mask process a‐Si TFT array manufacturing method and good TFT stability is presented in this paper. We used an optimum half‐tone mask transmittance and half‐tone photoresist for the four‐mask process architecture. Data line open and photoresist peeling issues occurred in G8.6 TFT‐LCDs and solutions will be shown.
67‐1: Invited Paper: Doped Organic Transistors ‐ Increased Stability and Reproducibility for Active Matrix Displays
Authors: Liu Shiyi , Al-Shadeedi Akram , Kaphle Vikash , Lüssem Björn
Published: June 2018

Doping Organic Field‐Effect Transistors (OFETs) is increasingly accepted as a means to increase their performance and stability, in particular for AM displays. A theory of doped depletion type OFETs is presented. The benefits of channel doping are discussed, in particular in terms of a reduction of gate bias stress effects.
P‐78: A Novel HVA Curing Wires Design Using Switch TFT to Reduce Curing Pads for Gate Driver on Array Liquid Crystal Display
Authors: Lv Xiaowen , Chiang Po-Jen , Li Wenying , Zhu Jing , Chou Yifang , Chen Shujhih , Shi Long-Qiang , Chiu Chung-Yi , Lee Chia-Yu
Published: June 2018

We report a novel HVA curing wires design using switch TFTs for optimizing space utilization in gate driver on array display. HVA curing pads can be reduced from 288 to 48 using this new design. The test mask with this new design complete Array test and HVA curing process successfully. The switch TFT's IV characteristic and Array test/HVA curing conditions were discussed in this study.
P‐79: Research and Development of Reflective Display Technology
Authors: Wang Shoukun , Guo Huibin , Song Yongzhi , Han Hao , Fu Fangbin , Jia Yihe , Hong Youngtae , Chen Weitao , Xue Hailin , Shao Xibin
Published: June 2018

This article mainly presents the R&D of the innovative technique about RLCD (Reflective Liquid Crystal Display). By means of fully independent innovation, products without backlight have been successfully developed. The reflectance of the reflecting films can reach 88.9%. The RLCD technology has been applied to current production lines without equipment investment. Meanwhile, by successfully solving key technical difficulty such as reflecting film structure, shared mask process and reflective metal layer corrosion, the best condition has been adopted in the products.
P‐82: Improved Methodology for Testing Edge Strength for Ultra‐Thin Panels
Authors: Agnello Gabriel , Tremper Amber , Li Weidong , Knowles Peter
Published: June 2018

Traditional testing methodologies (four point bend and three point bend) have limited effectiveness as panel thicknesses decrease due to a variety of interconnected factors. This limited effectiveness impacts the ability to make reliability predictions based on edge strength measurements. This paper provides an improved methodology for testing the edge strength of ultra‐thin panels for reliability predictions through a system of rollers strategically placed only at the edge of the glass panel.
65‐2: Sensitivity to Peripheral Artifacts in VR Display Systems
Authors: Hoffman David M. , Meraz Zoe , Turner Eric
Published: June 2018

We evaluated the visual system's sensitivity to different classes of image impairments that are closely associated with rendering in VR systems. Even in the far periphery, the visual system was highly sensitive to volatile downsampling solutions. Temporally stable downsampling in the periphery was generally acceptable even with sample spacing up to half a degree.
P‐88: Time‐Division Multiplexing Parallax Barrier with Sub‐Subpixel Phase Shift
Authors: Hayashishita Ayuki , Kakeya Hideki
Published: June 2018

In this paper we propose a time‐division multiplexing parallax barrier display whose barrier slits can be shifted by sub‐subpixel unit, which is enabled by using a slanted barrier with a small inclination angle. With this finer control of slit, the viewing zone is enlarged notably.
P‐92: Viewing Light‐field Displays
Authors: Larcom Ronald , Burnett Thomas
Published: June 2018

Light‐field displays produce a 3D aerial image by synthesizing a plenoptic function. Due to their wide field‐of‐view these displays are excellent as tabletop displays for collaborative groups. By using characteristics of the plenoptic function to model unique aspects of group viewing, guidelines are created to address the spatial‐angular design trade.
P‐94: Free‐form Micro‐optical Design for Enhancing Image Quality (MTF) at Large FOV in Light Field Near Eye Display
Authors: Wu Jui-Yi , Cheng Yu-Ching , Huang Yi-Pai , Lo Hsin-Hsiang , Chang Chuan-Chung , Chuang Fu-Ming
Published: June 2018

Considering commercial virtual reality device now, most of them have the problem of visual fatigue which caused by accommodation and convergence (AC) conflict. Also, the bulky device makes user uncomfortable experience. This study aim to enhance the image quality by free‐form micro‐optical design based on light field technique using in near eye system. The results get the apparent improvement and show the importance of optical element in the light field system. Meanwhile, the depth perception of light field technique has been verified in the results.
P‐95: Study of AR Optical Design with Lightweight Optical Waveguide
Authors: Wu Naifu , Shi Bingchuan , Ma Xitong , Liu Xiangyang , Zeng Qi , Wei Wei
Published: June 2018

Augmented Reality (AR) is a technique that uses computer generated additional information to augment or expand the real world view, and the optical device is one of the most core components. This paper introduces our research about AR optical system that applied in lightweight waveguide with low thickness and light weight structure, and discussed the stray light phenomenon, as well as our AR glasses can be implemented in only one FPGA chip with distortion correction.
P‐96: Augmented Reality Holographic Display System Free of Zero‐order and Conjugate Images
Authors: Chan Chun-Chi , Chuang Chih-Hao , Chen Chien-Yu , Lin Hong-Yan
Published: June 2018

Based on developing novel head‐mounted display device with computer generated hologram (CGH), a prototype system of head‐mounted holographic display is presented with multi‐depth and augmented reality (AR) technology. The system adopts modified Gerchberg‐Saxton algorithm (MGSA) to produce the computer generated pahse‐only function (CGPOF), then the information will be transform to image by LCoS. And the diffraction images are transferred through beam splitter to the retina. Furthermore, the proposed system could achieve multi‐depth by using human eyes focus and zoom mechanism. Finally, the quality of objective images in this study are also analyzed and evaluated.
63‐1: Speckle Reduction for Laser Pico‐projector with Dynamic Deformable Mirrors
Authors: Tsao Che-Wei , Chen Hsuan-An , Pan Jui-Wen , Yang Zu-Po
Published: June 2018

This research focuses on speckle noise suppression by changing the angle of divergence of the diffuser. Three types of diffuser designs are compared in the experiments. For all three types, the speckle contrast value is lower than 0.027, and the speckle phenomenon is invisible to the human eye.
P‐108: Positive Aging Mechanisms for High‐efficiency Blue Quantum Dot Light‐emitting Diodes
Authors: Ding Wen-Cheng , Chen Chia-Hsun , Huang Li-Jen , Kuo Ming-Cheng , Kuo Ya-Pei , Chen Peng-Yu , Lu Hsueh-Hsing , Lin Yu-Hsin , Tierce Nathan , Bardeen Christopher J. , Lee Jiun-Haw
Published: June 2018

Voltage reduction (2.4 V at 2 mA/cm2) and efficiency improvement (7‐times) were demonstrated in blue QLEDs by positive aging process, which came from (1) improvement of carrier injection at ZnO/QD interface and/or carrier transport in QD layer, and (2) enhancement of PLQY of QD emissive layer.
P‐111: Black Photoresist Bank for Inkjet‐Printed Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Ko Donghyun , Han Jongseok , Roh Heebum , Park Yeseul , Lee Jiwon , Kim Juho , Kim Hunsik , Kim Hyungjoo , Lee Jongsoo , Bae Wan Ki , Lee Changhee
Published: June 2018

We demonstrated a bank structure for inkjet‐printed quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) fabricated through photolithography process using black photoresist (B‐PR). The B‐PR banks have low surface energy (13 mJ m −2 ), resulting in well confined quantum dot (QD) ink inside the pixel area. Based on the B‐PR bank structure, we demonstrated a QLED with 0.20 % of external quantum efficiency.
P‐112: A Study on the Effect of Electrical Characteristics of HTL on Electrical Properties of QLED and its Efficiency
Authors: Kim Sun-Kyo , Kim Jong-Hoon , Yang Hee-Sun , Kim Yong-Seog
Published: June 2018

Effects of enhanced balance of charge injection into EML were investigated by changing ETL and HTL materials and thickness. The electron and hole current balance measured was not indicatives of the enhanced current efficacy of the QLED devices.
P‐131: Development of Short‐Channel OTFTs with High Mobilities and Stability
Authors: Fukuda Takashi , Oku Shinya , Lee Junghwi , Yamakawa Hiroshi , Watanabe Makoto , Tanabiki Masao
Published: June 2018

Short‐channel organic thin‐film transistors with high performance and high reliability are widely required. Here we report a novel organic semiconductor formulation of dithieno[2,3−d;2′,3′−d′]benzo[1,2−b;4,5−b′] (DTBDT) and a planarization material for solution‐processed transistors with an average mobility of 2.6±0.3 cm2/Vs (maximum of 3.0 cm2/Vs) at a channel length of 10 μm.
P‐115: Effect of Solvents and Pressure on the Performance of Quantum Dot light Emitting Diodes Fabricated with Soft‐Contact Transfer Printing
Authors: Kim Kyunghwan , Jung Heeyoung , Bae Wan Ki , Lee Changhee
Published: June 2018

The Quantum‐dot light emitting diode (QLED) have been actively investigated in display industry for the advanced factor such as cost, color purity and stability. To utilize the quantum‐dot (QD) for emission layer of the light emitting diodes (LEDs), novel high resolution patterning techniques are also studied. Among the various patterning techniques, the transfer printing technique that form the pixel via elastomer stamp can realize display that has extremely high resolution and it is clarified by many precede investigations. In this work, we analyzed the QD film morphology coated with various solvents and studied the effect of the transfer pressure on the QLED performance. The formation of uniform quantum dot layer on a donor substrate and controlling the pressure during the QD transfer printing process are important for increasing the performance of QLED fabricated by transfer printing.
P‐118: Quantum Dots ‐ Silica Monolith: From Alcohol Soluble Quantum Dots to High Performance Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Ge Yong , Bai Zelong , Deng Jingyu , Zhu Shiyu , Bi Ran , Jiang Feng , Zhong Haizheng
Published: June 2018

Protecting quantum dots from environmental erosion is the key to the success of their application in LED. Here, we report a sol‐gel processed quantum dots‐silica monolith (QD ‐ SM) with enhanced stability from alcohol soluble quantum dots. On‐chip type LED with luminous efficiency up to 80.25 lm/W was fabricated using such QD ‐ SM.
P‐119: Low Cost Perovskite Quantum Dots Film Based Wide Color Gamut Backlight Unit for LCD TVs
Authors: Chen Naijun , Bai Zelong , Wang Zengmin , Ji Honglei , Liu Ruikuo , Cao Chaowei , Wang Hui , Jiang Feng , Zhong Haizheng
Published: June 2018

Perovskite quantum dots film exhibits low cost, low heavy metal content, high brightness and narrow emission peak. Here, we introduced features of Perovskite quantum dots film and its beneficial effects in LCD TVs applications. Afterwards, we thoroughly compared the Perovskite quantum dots film and CdSe based quantum dots enhancement film.
55‐3: Holographic Grating to Improve the Efficiency of Windshield HUD
Authors: Coni Philippe , Bardon Jean-Luc , Damamme Natacha , Coe-Sullivan Seth , Dimov Fedor I.
Published: June 2018

A Windshield Head‐Up Display (WHUD) using an embedded optical thin film to improve the system efficiency is presented.

Most of today's WHUDs, including the most advanced devices, use the windshield as a simple half‐mirror, so that the main part of the optical flow is not reflected toward the eye‐box.

Even with recent work, aiming to increase the optical efficiency of the Picture Generating Unit, or the set of mirrors or light‐guides, reflectance efficiency is not greater than 20%.

Experiments performed on the first prototype using Transparent Holographic Optical Components show an optical efficiency of 85%.

This result will open the way for a more compact green product device (with a huge reduction in power consumption).
56‐3: New Process to Fabricate Hybrid Display
Authors: Yoshitomi Shuhei , Hatsumi Ryo , Eguchi Shingo , Aoyama Tomoya , Ikeda Hisao , Nagata Takaaki , Watanabe Kazunori , Dobashi Masayoshi , Misawa Chieko , Nakada Masataka , Katayama Masahiro , Adachi Hiroki , Yamazaki Shunpei
Published: June 2018

Hybrid displays produce high‐visibility images and consume less power in any environment by using OLED and reflective‐LC. We propose a novel process of a hybrid display. The hybrid display enables further reduction in power consumption of OLED in operation and produces less OLED‐LC operational interference, leading to reduced noise.
57‐1: Invited Paper: Application of Rapid Thermal Annealing Process to the Display Technology
Authors: Park Sang-Hee Ko , Ji Sanghyun , Jeong Pilseong , Nam Yunyong , Yang Jong-Heon , Hwang Chi-Sun
Published: June 2018

We report the effect of a rapid thermal annealing process (RTP) on the ion dopant activation process in LTPS TFT on PI substrate and on the electrical properties of Al‐doped InZnSnO thin film transistor (TFT) with back‐channel etched BCE structure.
49‐3: PMNet: Passive Matrix Electrochromic Display Driving Scheme Using Neural Networks
Authors: Song Seok-Jeong , Seol Ki-Hyuk , Nam Hyoungsik
Published: June 2018

This paper presents a novel machine learning approach to PM image generation of ECD panel for HDR imaging. The high transmittance ECD panel can be employed in front of camera lens to obtain HDR images by providing low and high transmittance over the bright and dark areas, respectively. Additionally, to achieve low power consumption, fast refresh rate, and low fabrication cost, the whole pixels of an ECD panel should be updated simultaneously, which is named as simultaneous PM driving (SPMD) method. Because there is the limitation on the images that are presented by SPMD, it needs to find out the closest PM image to the reference image. The proposed PMNet based on two fully‐connected layers learns an end‐to‐end mapping between the reference images and the PM images. The proposed PMNet is evaluated in MSE and SSIM.
P‐140: New Nematic LCD with Submillisecond Response Time
Authors: Chen Haiwei , Huang Yuge , Gou Fangwang , Talukder Javed Rouf , Li Ming-Chun , Lee Seok-Lyul , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: June 2018

We report a new vertical alignment fringe in‐plane switching (VA‐FIS) liquid crystal device with single alignment on top substrate. This design exhibits submillisecond response time, reasonably high transmittance (~70%), and relatively low operation voltage (15 V). It is a strong contender for next‐generation field sequential color displays.
57‐4: Experimental Demonstration of Quasi‐CW SBC of Si Films Using Ultra‐High‐Frequency UV Fiber Lasers
Authors: Song Ruobing , Choi Insung , Pan Wenkai , Yu Miao , Im James S.
Published: June 2018

The Q‐SBC method is a new laser annealing process. It is technically and procedurally quite distinct from, and as a result possesses certain process‐ and material‐related benefits compared to, the existing line‐beam and/or excimer‐laser‐based techniques. Here, we present preliminary yet definitive Q‐SBC experimental results (obtained using an ultra‐high‐frequency UV fiber laser) that support the foundational concept of the method, and demonstrate further that ELA‐generated‐like polycrystalline Si films can be obtained using the SB‐FLA version of the Q‐SBC approach.
P‐149: A Polarization‐independent Blue Phase Liquid Crystal Lens Array with Multi‐electrode
Authors: Chu Fan , Tian Li-Lan , Dou Hu , Li Lei , Wang Qiong-Hua
Published: June 2018

A polarization‐independent blue‐phase liquid crystal lens array using multi‐electrodes is proposed. A high dielectric constant layer helps to smoothen out the horizontal electric field and reduce the operating voltage. With multi‐electrodes and a planar top electrode, the gradient electric fields are generated, and the lens‐like phase profile is obtained. When the applied voltage is changed, the focal length of the lens can be tuned from ∞ to 6.7 mm. Besides, the simulation results show that the lens is insensitive to polarization while keeping parabolic‐like profile.
59‐3: Distinguished Paper: Wafer Scale Hybrid Monolithic Integration of Si‐based IC and III‐V Epilayers ‐ a Mass Manufacturable Approach for Active Matrix micro‐LED Displays
Authors: Zhang Lei , Ou Fang , Chong Wing Cheung , Chen Yijing , Zhu Yuankun , Li Qiming
Published: June 2018

JBD has developed its unique wafer‐level mass manufacturable approach of monolithic hybrid integration of compound semiconductor functional device arrays on Si ICs, which enables the fabrication of hybrid chips with large device array and ultra‐fine pitch of a few micrometers. Red, green and blue active matrix micro‐LED (AMµLED) micro displays of VGA format with 1270ppi pixel resolution and 256 grayscales were successfully fabricated using JBD's monolithic hybrid integration technology. Further integration of a micro‐reflector array on the micro‐LED array significantly improves the emission directionality of the AMµLED micro display, resulting in an ultra‐high brightness of 3x10 6 nits for green AMµLED micro displays. The resultant monochromatic micro‐LED micro displays exhibit improved device performance compared to other micro display technologies and have great potentials in applications such as portable projectors and near‐to‐eye projection for augmented reality (AR). More importantly, the wafer‐scale monolithic hybrid integration technology offers a clear path for large volume, low cost mass production of hybrid opto‐electronic integrated circuit (OEIC) chips.
P‐153: High Contrast Ratio LCD with an In‐cell Polarizer
Authors: Chen Haiwei , Tan Guanjun , Li Ming-Chun , Lee Seok-Lyul , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: June 2018

We develop a rigorous model to simulate an LCD's contrast ratio (CR) and viewing angle by considering the depolarization effect. To improve CR, an in‐cell polarizer is added between LC layer and color filter array. The obtained maximum CR of a multi‐domain vertical alignment LCD is boosted to > 20,000:1.
P‐154: Retardation Free Polarizer for IPS Display
Authors: Min Kyung Suk , Kim Jin Ho , Lee Sang Min , Ko Tae Woon , Park Mi Kyung , Kim Kyoung Hoon , Kim Hyung Seung , Kim Jong Dae , Kim Jeom Jae , Jun Mike , Kang In Byeong
Published: June 2018

Retardation‐Free Polarizer, polarizer with no inner protective film, provides various advantages. With its distinct structure, it enables slim design and enhancement in quality assurance for IPS LCD devices. Compared to other LCD modes, IPS mode has better fit for adapting RF Polarizer in off angle black luminance.