bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pay-it-forward to increase uptake among 15-18-year-old adolescent girls compared with user-paid vaccination: The pilot results of a two-arm randomized controlled trial in China
Authors: Qin Chuanyu , Li Yifan , Qiu Shengyue , He Yu , Yim Vivian Wan-Cheong , Tang Shenglan , Du Heng , Gong Wenfeng , Tucker Joseph D , Tang Weiming , Lin Leesa , Smith Jennifer , Wu Dan , Li Jing
Published: May 2023

Background
China has low human papillomavirus(HPV) vaccination rate due to lack of public funding and mistrust in domestic vaccines. This pilot study evaluated the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of an innovative pay-it-forward strategy, which has a participant receive a subsidized vaccine and offers her an opportunity to donate to support other girls, in improving HPV vaccine uptake among 15-18-year-old adolescent girls.
Methods
A two-arm randomized controlled pilot trial was performed in one vaccination clinic in Western China. Adolescent girls (via caregivers) were invited to participate the study via online dissemination of the pilot study. Eligible ones were then randomly allocated using a sealed envelope method into standard-of-care or pay-it-forward arm in a 1:1 ratio. Pay-it-forward participants received hand-written postcard messages, a subsidized vaccine, and an opportunity to donate and (or) write postcards for future recipient girls. Standard-of-care participants self-paid for vaccines. The primary outcome was the first-dose HPV vaccine uptake, which was calculated using multivariable logistic regression, presented as crude/adjusted odds ratios (cORs/aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Standard scales were used to assess the feasibility of the program.
Results
A total of 100 participants (50 in each arm) were recruited from Jan 4, 2022 to Feb 18, 2022. The HPV vaccine uptake rate was 98% (49/50) in the pay-it-forward arm and 82% (41/50) in the standard-of-care arm (cOR = 10.76, 95% CI: 1.31–88.47, P = 0.027; aOR = 12.12, 95% CI: 1.37-107.29, P = 0.025). The completion rate of full schedule of HPV vaccination in the two arms was 100% (49/49) and 95.1% (39/41), respectively. Of all 49 vaccinated girls in the pay-it-forward arm, 38 (77.6%) donated to support future participants, and the total donation accounted for 33.3% of prepaid subsidization. Among caregivers in the pay-it-forward arm, 97.6% (41/42) believed that this strategy was feasible.
Conclusions
The pilot showed feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of a pay-it-forward strategy to increase HPV vaccination rate. The high uptake rate in the standard-of-care arm is likely caused by the selection bias associated with the online dissemination approach and secured vaccine supply through the program. Further adaption of the intervention package and a population-based recruitment pathway are needed to better reflect local contexts and enhance the generalizability of the subsequent formal trial.
Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR), ChiCTR2200055542. Retrospectively registered on 11 January 2022, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=139738.
How to develop accessible Information Systems: a practical case in tourism and proposal of a roadmap to support the development of accessible solutions
Authors: Teixeira Pedro , Teixeira Leonor , Eusébio Celeste
Published: May 2023

Purpose
The right to tourism and leisure has become a crucial aspect of society. In that sense, through more accessible tourism, it is possible to improve travel conditions for people with disabilities (PwD). Nonetheless, barriers still exist, with the lack of information about accessibility conditions, as well as communication accessibility itself, representing some of the main obstacles. Information systems (IS) can help overcome these hurdles. However, it is verified, that methodologies to support the development of accessible IS are currently very scarce. Thus, this study intends to develop an accessible IS for accessible tourism and propose a roadmap to support the creation of accessible IS solutions.
Methods
To obtain the intended accessible tourism solution, an action research methodology was followed, which involved adapting already established frameworks, that combine Agile development and user-centered design techniques. Adjustments were made to incorporate accessibility, taking into consideration the requirements of the accessible tourism market.
Results
In this study, a web application named access@tour by action was created. This mobile solution is capable of improving information management within the accessible tourism market. From this experimental study, a proposal for a methodological roadmap emerged. This roadmap helps better understand how to develop accessible IS, by demonstrating techniques for gathering accessibility requirements and validating them.
Conclusion
The access@tour by action is a much-needed solution, to enhance accessible tourism conditions. The roadmap is adaptable and suitable for IS projects involving accessibility, regardless of the area. Both results provide a better perspective on how to integrate accessibility during the development of IS, possibly supporting future researchers in creating accessible solutions.
Suppressed Ion Migration for High-performance X-ray Detectors Based on Atmosphere-Controlled EFG-Grown CsPbBr3 Single Crystals
Authors: Hua Yunqiu , Zhang Guodong , Sun Xue , Li Xiang , Zhai Zhongjun , Cui Fucai , Liu Jiaxin , Liu Hongjie , Tao Xutang
Published: May 2023

Halide perovskites have shown great potential for X-ray detection in medical imaging and product inspection applications. However, the ion migration in lead halide perovskites, which is usually affected by crystal defects, causes large noise and baseline drift, deteriorating the X-ray detection and imaging performance. In this work, we adopt the atmosphere-controlled edge-defined film-fed growth (EFG) method to grow high-quality shape-controlled CsPbBr3 single crystals (SCs) in an Ar and HBr mixed atmosphere for the first time. Compared with the vertical Bridgman (VB)-CsPbBr3 SCs, the EFG-CsPbBr3 SCs show a much lower trap density (4.24 × 108 cm− 3), a higher resistivity (1.61 × 1010 Ω cm), and a larger ion migration activation energy (202.07 meV), decreasing the leakage current and baseline drift. The X-ray detector based on the EFG-CsPbBr3 SCs hence exhibits outstanding balanced performance, with a negligible dark current drift of 1.68 × 10− 9µA cm− 1 s− 1 V− 1, an incredibly low detection limit of 10.81 nGyair s− 1, and a sensitivity of 46180 µC Gyair−1 cm− 2 under a high electric field of 5000 V cm− 1. Furthermore, the detector maintains a stable response for 30 days and exhibits X-ray images for 70 and 120 keV irradiation. Our work provides an effective strategy to improve lead halide perovskite SCs for high-contrast X-ray detection and imaging.
Anti-Rho GTPase-activating protein 26 autoantibody-associated autoimmune cerebellar ataxia with G4 medulloblastoma: A case report and literature review
Authors: Li Biyun , Xiao Huimei , Luo Xingang , Liu Fang , Wang Lingan , Pei Zheng , Chang Yanqun
Published: May 2023

Background
The Rho GTPase-activating protein 26 (ARHGAP26) antibody, or anti-Ca, was recently identified as a subacute cerebellar ataxia autoantibody. Medulloblastoma is the most malignant brain tumor in children, with G4 medulloblastoma being the most common subgroup. Ten cases involving ARHGAP26 autoantibody-associated autoimmune cerebellar ataxia (ACA) have been reported to date, with an age of onset of 24 to 84 years. Five patients had a history of tumors. However, there is no reported case of ARHGAP26 ACA coexisting with G4 medulloblastoma.
Case presentation:
Here we report a 28-month-old boy with cerebellar ataxia associated with the presence of anti-ARHGAP26 autoantibody and G4 medulloblastoma. The patient demonstrated gait instability, coughing when drinking, and irritability and was positive for ARHGAP26 antibodies in the serum. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a space-occupying lesion in the fourth ventricle and supratentorial obstructive hydrocephalus. A pathological section of the lesion revealed G4 medulloblastoma originating from the cerebellar vermis.
Conclusions
This case may further the understanding of anti-ARHGAP26 autoantibody-associated cerebellar ataxia, its age of onset, and associated tumors. This case also suggests a connection between ARHGAP26 antibodies and G4 medulloblastoma. Therefore, we recommend anti-ARHGAP26 antibody testing for patients diagnosed with ACA. Moreover, we propose that simultaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum testing may help elucidate the connection between the presence of a tumor and anti-ARHGAP26 antibodies in the CSF or serum samples. However, in some cases, testing only serum samples may be sufficient for the diagnosis. Although, double sample tests are necessary to explore pathogenic relevance.
The effect of long-term irrigation with treated wastewater on some chemical properties of soil layers in (Kermanshah city Located in the west of Iran)
Authors: Ghamarnia Houshang , Farmanifard Milad , Palash Meisam
Published: May 2023

In different countries located in arid and semi-arid regions of the world, one of the most important problems in the agricultural sector is finding different alternative and reliable water sources for irrigation and wastewater is the only source of water that is increasing despite the decrease in the volume of other sources. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the effects of long-term irrigation with municipal treated wastewater (TWW) of Kermanshah city on cover lands compared to well water (WW) as a control treatment on soil chemical properties in three layers with three replications in a two-year split plot trial design. The results showed that irrigation with TWW compared to WW caused an increase of 35.94, 32.35, 38.24, 20, 76, 1.68, 40, 40.77, 4.27 percent in the Cl-, HCO3-, CaCO3, TN, TP, K, OC, EC, pH in the 0–90 cm soil layer respectively. According to these results, the increasing of soil organic carbon, in addition to soil fertility, can stabilize and stop the mobility of heavy metals by creating organic bonds with heavy metals. Also, the results showed that due to sufficient access to treated wastewater; it is possible to do leaching, which reduces the risk of salinization of those lands. However, in some areas, increase of sodium percentage led the soil compaction and permeability reduce of lands due to the high clay content.
The relationship between exercise identity and exercise behavior among Chinese college students: the moderating role of weight bias.
Authors: Ren yilin , Zhu fengshu
Published: May 2023

Objective: Based on the deviance regulation theory, this paper aimed to explore the relationship between exercise identity, and adaptive and maladaptive exercise behavior, as well as its underlying mechanism among Chinese college students.
Method: A total of 1300 college students (mean aged: 18.75±3.2, 50% male) were investigated with Exercise Identity Scale, Physical Activity Rating Scale, Exercise Dependence Scale, and Weight Bias Questionnaire. SPSS27.0 and Mplus8.3 were used to conduct the statistical analysis.
Results: There were significant differences in adaptive and maladaptive exercise behaviors among college students of different genders (t=14.66, p =0.00; t=12.55, p=0.00).
Results: There were significant differences in adaptive and maladaptive exercise behaviors among college students of different genders (F=12.11, p=0.00; F=3.80, p =0.02; F=22.53, p =0.00; F=11.04, p=0.00). Among college students, ' exercise identity, weight bias and adaptive exercise behavior (r=0.50, p＜0.01; r=0.33, p＜0.01) and its dimensions, and maladaptive exercise behavior (r=0.51, p＜0.01; r=0.36, p＜0.01)and its dimensions were significantly positively correlated. Weight bias contributed to a positive moderating role in college students' exercise identity and adaptive exercise behaviors, as well as in maladaptive exercise behaviors.
Conclusion: Exercise identity can positively predict adaptive and maladaptive exercise behaviors among Chinese college students, in which weight bias contributes to a positive moderating role.
Early colonization of the intestinal microbiome of neonatal piglets is influenced by the maternal microbiome
Authors: Lim Jin A , Cha Jihye , Jung Seul a , Kim Nayeon , Song Min-Ji , Lim Young-Jo , Kim Dahye
Published: May 2023

The intestinal microbiome plays a crucial role in animal health and growth by interacting with the host, inhibiting pathogenic microbial colonization and regulating immunity. This study investigated dynamic changes in the fecal microbial composition of piglets from birth to weaning and the relationship between piglet fecal microbiome and sows. Feces, skin, amniotic fluid, and vaginal samples were collected from eight sows and sixty-three piglets, and the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced. The results revealed that the Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria dominated the piglets’ microbiome in their early stages, and Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were crucial to maintaining a balance in the intestinal microbiome during nursing. Abundances of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Succinivibrio, and Prevotella increased in weaned piglets fed solid feed. Analysis of the microbiome from sows to piglets indicated a shift in the microbiome colonizing piglet intestines and became a significant constituent of the piglet intestinal microbiome. This study supports the theory that the neonatal intestinal microbiome is vertically transmitted from the mother. Further research is needed to integrate sows, piglets, and their environments to gain a better understanding of the early establishment of the piglet intestinal microbiome.
Dysfunction of External Switching and Backward Inhibition in Major Depressive Disorder：General or Emotional specific?
Authors: Huang Sai , Zhou Jing , Zhao Yating , Lu Xiaobing , Zhang Bao
Published: May 2023

It remains controversial whether individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) have dysfunctions in switching and/or inhibition when shifting their attention from one task set to another and whether such dysfunctions, if present, are general or specific to emotional content. In the present study, we investigated these questions with a modified task-switching task to measure the switch cost (the ability to activate a new set) and backward inhibition (the ability to inhibit a task set no longer relevant) in both clinical MDD patients and non-depressive control (NDC) individuals. The dysfunctions were identified to be in the emotional domain. Compared with NDCs, MDDs showed general and emotion-specific dysfunctions in external switching, especially difficulty switching attention from an emotional task to a non-emotional task. Further, this dysfunction was independent of rumination. In contrast, although emotional dysfunction in backward inhibition was also observed in MDD, it was closely related to elevated rumination scores. The results suggest that different symptoms of MDD were associated with different cognitive dysfunctions.
Title: Income inequality, unemployment, and government transfer: what does their dynamics tell us
Authors: Ahmed Haydory A. , Shadmani Hedieh
Published: May 2023

In this research, we explore the dynamics among measures of income inequality in the United States, male and female unemployment rates, and growth in government transfer using time series data. This research adopts a macro-econometric approach using a structural VAR model. Our structural impulse responses find growth in government transfer increases unemployment rates for both males and females. Female income inequality declines with increased government transfer. When the female income ratio rises, we observe the government transfer outlays fall over the forecast horizon. Variance decomposition finds that growth in government transfers is impacted by the male unemployment rate relatively more than the female unemployment rate. This research, therefore, suggests gender-specific government transfers to reduce income inequality. This, in effect, may reduce government transfer outlays over time.
JEL code: C32, D63, E24, I38, J16
Transient, accelerating slow slips drive the Preparatory Process of the 2023 Mw 7.8 Türkiye Earthquake
Authors: Picozzi Matteo , Iaccarino Antonio Giovanni
Published: May 2023

On 6 February 2023, Southern Türkiye was struck by a magnitude 7.8 earthquake. Especially during major events, seismologists are confronted with the inability to predict earthquakes. Indeed, how, when, and where large earthquakes are generated remain fundamental unsolved scientific questions. We analyze the spatio-temporal evolution of thousands of small magnitude earthquakes for the two years that preceded the mainshock aiming to highlight a preparatory process existence. We find patterns in seismic spatio-temporal distribution suggesting the existence of transient slow slip episodes accelerating in the fifteen months preceding the mainshock. Slow slip seems responsible for a progressive decoupling process in the main event nucleation area, which is highlighted by the fraction of non-clustered seismicity increase. The latter preparation phase started ~seven months before the 9 February 2023, Southern Türkiye Mw 7.8 earthquake. Our observations stimulate significant questions about East Anatolian Fault mechanics. Intercepting when a fault system starts deviating from its steady behavior, might be the key for identifying the preparatory phase of large earthquakes.
WITHDRAWN: Prognostic Pyroptosis-Related Gene Signature and Immunotherapy Targets in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Song Mengyu , Zhu Zhipeng , Geng Qilong , Chen Bo , Cao Guodong
Published: May 2023

Background
Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is a common type of renal cancer with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Pyroptosis, a non-apoptotic form of cell death, has been shown to regulate tumor microenvironment and impact the prognosis of various cancers, including KIRC. However, the role of pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) in KIRC remains poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to construct a PRG signature to predict prognosis and identify potential immunotherapy targets for KIRC patients.
Methods
We utilized transcriptomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and identified 27 PRGs with prognostic value in KIRC. We used multivariate Cox regression analysis to identify a 5-gene signature (CASP3, CASP4, CHMP3, CHMP4A, and CHMP4C) and divided patients into high-risk and low-risk groups based on their risk scores. We then performed survival analysis and constructed a nomogram to predict the survival probability of KIRC patients. We also performed functional annotation and pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between high-risk and low-risk groups to identify potential immunotherapy targets.
Results
The 5-gene signature had a significant prognostic value in KIRC, as patients in the high-risk group had a poorer prognosis and shorter survival time compared with those in the low-risk group. The risk score calculated based on the signature was an independent prognostic factor. The prognostic model had excellent predictive ability, as shown by the ROC analysis and cross-validation. The DEGs between high-risk and low-risk groups were enriched in immune-related pathways,suggesting potential immunotherapy targets for KIRC.
Conclusions
We constructed a PRG signature that predicts prognosis and identifies potential immunotherapy targets for KIRC patients. The signature has excellent predictive ability and provides insights into the role of pyroptosis in KIRC. These findings could guide the development of new immunotherapy strategies for KIRC and improve the prognosis of KIRC patients.
Trial registration:
Not applicable
Didge You Sleep: A Feasibility Study of Didgeridoo Training for Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Badami Varun , Abaalkhail Nawaf , Petro Alex , Alessi Cathy , Martin Jennifer L. , Sanchez Maria Christina , Dzierzewski Joseph M. , Suarez Alex , Fung Constance H.
Published: May 2023

Intolerance of positive airway pressure therapy for obstructive sleep apnea is common. Upper airway muscle therapies show promise as alternative treatments. The didgeridoo, which is a musical instrument, can be used for upper airway muscle training. Our goal was to develop a group-based didgeridoo training program for obstructive sleep apnea. We conducted a proof-of-concept single-arm study consisting of a structured didgeridoo training regimen. We surveyed patients at a large medical facility about their interest in the program. We developed and tested a manual of procedures for conducting a 4-session group program that instructed participants on use of the Medical Didgeridoo. We also refined procedures for baseline and 4-month follow-up assessments, which included measures of daytime sleepiness and apnea-hypopnea index. Interviews were conducted at follow-up to obtain feedback about the program. Of the 56 survey respondents, 67% reported difficulty with positive airway pressure, expressed interest in participating in a structured upper airway muscle training program, and indicated that they would be willing to practice exercises for 30 minutes per day. After in-depth screening of 15 patients, we recruited five patients to participate in the structured training program; all five completed the program and were able to learn to play basic sounds on the provided instrument, and four stated they would continue to play the Medical Didgeridoo after completion of the program. Given the significant level of interest and excellent participation in the didgeridoo training program, it may be feasible to conduct a large-scale study to assess treatment response.
Rayleigh-Monte Carlo Method for Image Noise Detection and Elimination
Authors: Abbas Jamal Kamil K. , Ruhaima Ali Abdulkadhum , Hayder Dunya Muhee , Al-Shaikhli Taha Raad
Published: May 2023

The issue of identifying areas of distortion in images is a common problem encountered in digital media processing. Traditional filtering methods often rely on setting thresholds that are dependent on the specific image being processed, leading to imprecise results. Adaptive filters have been proposed as a solution, but they are not without their technical difficulties. This paper presents a study on the effectiveness of the Rayleigh distribution method in identifying distortion areas in images. Monte Carlo estimation was used to estimate the distribution of image content, and the results showed that the Rayleigh distribution is highly efficient at identifying areas of distortion. The filtering process was then applied only to the regions with deformation, while ensuring that all other features of the image were preserved. The novelty of this study lies in the use of the Rayleigh distribution method to identify areas of distortion in images. The purpose of this study was to improve the quality of images by using a more precise filtering method that only targets distorted areas. The theoretical framework of this study is based on the application of the Rayleigh distribution method in digital media processing. The approach used in this study involved the use of Monte Carlo estimation to determine the effectiveness of the Rayleigh distribution method. The findings of this study show that the Rayleigh distribution method is highly effective in identifying areas of distortion in images, leading to higher quality images than traditional filtering methods. The research findings have practical implications for digital media processing industries, where the quality of images is paramount. By using the Rayleigh distribution method, images can be processed more efficiently, leading to improved quality and reduced processing time. Socially, improved image quality can have a positive impact on areas such as medical imaging, where accurate and high-quality images are crucial for diagnosis and treatment. Overall, this study offers an original and effective solution to the problem of identifying areas of distortion in images. By using the Rayleigh distribution method, images can be processed more precisely, leading to higher quality results. The use of Monte Carlo estimation provides a solid foundation for future research in this area.
Density Peaks Clustering Algorithm with Connected Local Density and Punished Relative Distance
Authors: Xiong Jingwen , Zang Wenke , Zhao Yuzhen , Liu Xiyu
Published: May 2023

Density peaks clustering (DPC) algorithm has been widely applied in many fields due to its innovation and efficiency. However, the original DPC algorithm and many of its variants choose Euclidean distance as local density and relative distance estimations, which affects the clustering performance on some specific shaped datasets, such as manifold datasets. To address the above-mentioned issue, we propose a density peak clustering algorithm with connected local density and punished relative distance (DPC-CLD-PRD). Specifically, the proposed approach computes the distance matrix between data pairs using the flexible connectivity distance metric. Then, it calculates the connected local density of each data point via combining the flexible connectivity distance measure and k-nearest neighbor method. Finally, the punished relative distance of each data point is obtained by introducing a connectivity estimation strategy into the distance optimization process. Experiments on synthetic, real-world, and image datasets have demonstrated the effectiveness of the algorithm in this paper.
Supernumerary chromosomes contribute to karyotypic diversity within cryptic species of the subgenus Stenocranius (Cricetidae, Rodentia): comparative analyses of chromosomes and synaptonemal complexes
Authors: Pavlova Svetlana V. , Romanenko Svetlana A. , Matveevsky Sergey N. , Kuksin Aleksander N. , Dvoyashov Ivan A. , Kovalskaya Yulia M. , Petrova Tatyana V.
Published: May 2023

The subgenus Stenocranius includes two cryptic species, Lasiopodomys raddei and L. gregalis; the latter has three allopatric and genetically well-isolated lineages having unclear taxonomic rank. To determine possible karyotypic differences, 121 individuals from 37 localities (among them, 15 are previously unpublished sampling sites) were analysed. Besides differences in some chromosome traits, higher intra-specific karyotypic variation within L. gregalis is mostly due to various numbers of small heterochromatic acrocentric B chromosomes (Bs) whose number does not vary intra-individually. The Early Pleistocene relic L. raddei carries stable initial karyotype 2n = 36 without Bs, while among the L. gregalis lineages, the number of Bs varies from one to five: increasing from older lineage A to evolutionarily younger lineages B and C. In both cryptic species, the distribution pattern of ribosomal DNA varies in A chromosome sets and on Bs, whereas telomeric sequences are located only at the ends of all chromosomes, including Bs. Immunodetection of several meiotic proteins indicates that meio-Bs are transcriptionally inactive and have a pattern of meiotic behaviour similar to that of sex chromosomes. Further research is needed to clarify the nature, mechanisms of inheritance and stability of supernumerary chromosomes in narrow-headed voles.
Altered gut microbe metabolites in patients with AONFH: an integrated omics analysis
Authors: Yue Chen , Ma Maoxiao , Guo Jiayi , Li Hongjun , Yang Yuxia , Liu Youwen , Xu Bin
Published: May 2023

Background
Alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (AONFH) is caused by excessive alcohol consumption. The gut microbiota (GM) participates in regulating host health, and its composition can be altered by alcohol. The aim of this study was to improve our understanding of the GM and its metabolites in patients with AONFH.
Methods
The GM of AONFH patients and normal controls (NCs) was characterized by analyzing fecal samples using 16S rDNA and metabolomic sequencing via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. To identify whether GM changes at the species level are associated with gut bacteria genes or functions in AONFH patients, metagenomic sequencing of fecal samples was performed.
Results
The abundance of 58 genera differed between the NC group and the AONFH group. Klebsiella, Holdemanella, Citrobacter, and Lentilactobacillus were significantly more abundant in the AONFH group than in the NC group. Metagenomic sequencing indicated that most of the species that exhibited significantly different abundance in AONFH subjects belonged to the genus Pseudomonas. Fecal metabolomic analysis identified several metabolites that were present at significantly different concentrations in the AONFH group and the NC group; these metabolites were involved in vitamin B6 metabolism, retinol metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Furthermore, we found that these differences in metabolite levels were associated with altered abundances of specific bacterial species.
Conclusions
Our study provides a comprehensive landscape of the GM and metabolites in AONFH patients and substantial evidence for interplay between the gut microbiome and metabolome in AONFH pathogenesis.
Does corruption foster income inequality in sub-Saharan African countries?
Authors: HOUSSOU Kuessi Prince , ALINSATO Alastaire Sèna
Published: May 2023

The aim of this paper is to analyse the effect of corruption on income inequality for Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. To do so, the paper uses panel data covering the period 2002–2017, the Fractional Regression Method (FRM) as well as the Generalized Moment Method (GMM-two stage system) to highlight the effect of corruption on income inequality for 44 SSA countries. The results of the estimations show that with the FRM method the corruption perception index (CPI) is statistically significant and positively affects the GINI index which represents the income inequality indicator, and with the GMM method that better governance of states in terms of controlling corruption significantly reduces income inequality. The main contribution of this research is both academic and political. On the academic side, it fills the gap in the literature on the link between corruption and income inequality, particularly in SSA. On the policy side, the paper suggests that controlling the level of corruption in the public sector by the relevant institutions should be considered one of the most effective weapons in reducing income inequality in SSA countries.
JEL Classification: O10 O43 P37
Evaluation of the use of Kolin plus™ FC (polyherbal formulation) as a natural replacer of choline chloride in weaned piglet diets: Effects on performance and blood variables
Authors: Chaves Rhuan , Leal Diego , de Paula Ygor , Boas Andreia Vilas , Toledo Ana , López-Ferrer Sígfrido , Cantarelli Vinicius , Garbossa Cesar
Published: May 2023

Background
Choline is a vitamin-like nutrient that plays a crucial role in several biological processes. Choline is typically added to pig diets in the form of choline chloride. However, the use of this synthetic choline has some disadvantages such as high capacity to absorb moisture, oxidative loss of vitamins in feed and its metabolism generates a compound that can taint animal-origin products. Thus, we conducted a study to evaluated the effects of feeding diets containing natural choline (Kolin plus™ FC) as a replacement of choline chloride on performance and blood variables of weaned piglets.
Results
The use of Kolin plus™ FC tended (p = 0.09) to improve the feed conversion ratio in the pre-starter II phase. No statistical differences were observed for the remaining performance variables. The mortality did not differ among treatments. There were no differences among treatments for any blood variable evaluated.
Conclusion
The polyherbal formulation Kolin Plus™ FC successfully replaced choline chloride in weaned piglet diets without compromising the growth performance and health of nursery piglets.
Organizational Capacity for Collaborative Adaptive Governance: An Empirical Assessment of a Large Landscape Network
Authors: Bixler R. Patrick , Essen Maureen , Thomsen Jennifer , Johnson Shawn , Atshan Samer , Shariatmadari Auva
Published: May 2023

Collaborative adaptive governance has become a prominent, if not dominant, framework for thinking about multi-scalar and cross-jurisdictional environmental management. The literature broadly and consistently suggests that learning and collaboration are two key dimensions for adaptive governance and that inter-organizational networks provide the institutional framework for addressing social-ecological system challenges. Surprisingly little scholarship addresses the influence of network structure on an organization’s capacity to engage in adaptive governance. In the following, we establish a quantifiable, statistical relationship between network structure (i.e., organizations and their arrangement among a network) and organizational capacity for collaborative adaptive governance. We use a linear network autocorrelation model (lnam) to test the relationship between organizational capacity for adaptive governance (operationalized as capacity for learning and collaboration) and how that relates to network structure across the three hypothesis: (1) that social position – operationalized as network centrality – is related to organizational capacity, (2) that subgroup or community structure – operationalized as modularity – is related to organizational capacity, and (3) that there is a social contagion effect of organizational capacity for adaptive governance. Our results identify an empirical relationship between organizational-level collaborative and learning capacity and those organizations in positions of brokerage. This work contributes to our understanding of the role of bridging organizations and networks for large-scale environmental management.
Alcohol-fueled social interactions: Modeling College student Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration, Eating Disorder Symptomatology, and Alcohol Salience
Authors: Claydon Elizabeth A. , Ward Rose Marie , Davidov Danielle M. , Zullig Keith J.
Published: May 2023

Intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration’s relationship with alcohol salience to college experience and eating disorder (ED) symptomatology is not well understood. Midwestern university students (n=1,580) participated in an online survey. Structural equation models examined the relationship between these variables. All models fit the data well, however, the risk factors of IPV perpetration or alcohol use were not significantly associated with ED symptomatology. However, IPV perpetration was significantly associated with both alcohol use (β = .13, p < .01) and alcohol salience (β = .11, p < .01). College students reported higher levels of perpetration and alcohol salience, which may indicate alcohol-fueled social interactions.
Encapsulation of an ultraviolet filter into cationic polystyrene particles via emulsion polymerization with poly(vinyl alcohol)
Authors: Yamazaki Takashi , Shimizu Minori , Yamada Sayuri , Kanda Rina , Tsuji Toshikazu
Published: May 2023

Highly effective organic ultraviolet (UV) filters, such as diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate (DHHB), are widely used in sunscreens; however, they have remarkably low solubility in water, which limits their use in water-based cosmetics. In this study, DHHB-encapsulated cationic polystyrene particles (PS-DHHB) dispersed in water were prepared via emulsion polymerization. Before polymerization, an emulsifying styrene monomer phase containing dissolved DHHB and a water phase containing low-molecular-weight poly(vinyl alcohol) were prepared, and subsequent polymerization yielded PS-DHHB particles. Crucially, the addition of polystyrene (PS) to the monomer phase contributed to a high solid content, and PS served as a stabilizer, enhancing the encapsulation efficiency of DHHB. Notably, the synthesized PS-DHHB exhibited UV absorption in a range similar to that of DHHB. Furthermore, even when aqueous alcohol (used as an antibacterial agent) was added, no DHHB was leached from the PS-DHHB particles. Finally, we found that the cationic PS-DHHB particles suppressed hair protein loss induced by UV light (320–400 nm) more effectively than cationic PS particles without DHHB. In summary, water-dispersed PS-DHHB particles exhibiting effective UV absorption and adsorption onto hair were developed, and these particles have applications in polymer science and cosmetics.
Carbon Dioxide Gas Permeation Study of Polydimethylsiloxane Membrane Modified Using 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane
Authors: Cheong Ying Huay , Shi Linggao , Lai Li Sze
Published: May 2023

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, especially carbon dioxide (CO2), is increasing significantly and contributing to global warming and climate change. To address this issue, effective CO2 separation technology is required to separate CO2 from industrial flue gases prior to their release into the environment. Among various CO2 separation methods, membrane technology appears promising due to its attractive advantages, such as low fabrication cost, high energy efficiency and small carbon footprint. This study aimed to improve CO2 gas permeation of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane through chemical grafting. 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) containing an amino group was used to modify the surface of the PDMS membrane. The PDMS membrane grafted with APTES was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimetry. The gas permeation performance of the PDMS membrane was evaluated in terms of CO2 permeance, nitrogen (N2) permeance and CO2/N2 ideal selectivity. After being surface modified using APTES, the PDMS membrane experienced a two-fold increment in the CO2/N2 ideal selectivity.
Dependency on mangroves ecosystem services is modulated by socioeconomic drivers and socio-ecological changes – insights from an insular biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Merven Raphael , Appadoo Chandani , Florens Vincent , Iranah Pricila
Published: May 2023

Small island developing states (SIDS) display high biodiversity due to their insular situation but suffer from a disproportionate vulnerability to climate change, economic and environmental shocks. In Mauritius, a SIDS located the Indian Ocean, mangroves ensure essential ecological functions and support coastal communities’ livelihoods, they are however threatened by continuous degradations. In 2020, communities on the southeast of the island experienced compounded overlapping effects of a global pandemic and an ecological crisis, with impacts on livelihoods and well-being. This same area is known for its extent of mangroves. While regulating and provisioning services of mangroves are well documented, this study elucidates some of the lesser-known cultural values attached to mangroves and the ways in which communities depend on them for their well-being. Based on a multi-dimensional ecosystem services framework, an in-person survey was implemented between August and October 2021 in coastal villages on the east-southeast of Mauritius, totalling 281 surveyed households of Mauritians in middle- to low-income categories with livelihoods associated to fishing and/or tourism. The collected data was analysed through distribution analysis, multiple correspondence analysis and logarithmic regression. Our results show that two thirds of respondents depend on mangrove ecosystem services with low (37.2%) to medium and high (26.3%) dependencies. Dependency on mangroves is materialized through cultural services, and as a support for food security and income generation. Socio-economic drivers and multiple crises play a direct and indirect role in mangrove dependency. Study results suggest that precarious households have higher levels of dependency, and are subsequently more vulnerable to mangroves degradation and socio-ecological changes. The impact of changes and socio-economic parameters are therefore essential dimensions to take into account for coastal management and biodiversity conservation policy design in an insular context.
Multiscale Analysis of Spatial Accessibility to Acute Hospitals in Carinthia, Austria
Authors: Wang Changzhen , Leitner Michael , Paulus Gernot
Published: May 2023

Studies on spatial accessibility to health care are well established in the US for examining disparities and inequities but lacking in Austria although both experience high health care spending and have hospital care as the largest payer. This study aims to address this gap by systematically examining multiscale spatial accessibility to acute hospitals in Carinthia, one of nine provinces in Austria. Using the most recent data, the study refines the proximity method by considering bypass behavior and the generalized two-step floating catchment area (G2SFCA) method by incorporating distance decay to examine accessibility at the census block and 250-meter grid levels while accounting for the classic Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP) and edge effects. The results reveal that, on average, travel times to the nearest acute hospitals are 16 minutes for census blocks and 21 minutes for grids, covering 58.8% and 76.2% of the population, respectively. For the three nearest acute hospitals, they increase to 25 and 31 minutes, covering slightly lower populations of 52.6% and 73.4%, respectively. The bypass behavior is more influential as 20% more population living in mountainous or rural areas need to travel more than 30 minutes. The G2SFCA method with a more pronounced distance decay tends to result in a more decentralized polycentric structure of accessibility and identify more areas with the poorest access. While the urban advantage is most evident in Klagenfurt and Villach, but not all areas close to acute hospitals enjoy the best accessibility as captured by the G2SFCA method. The two methods capture different profiles of accessibility. In combination, they can identify less accessible areas, which is a key priority for health policy to improve access. In addition, the MAUP tends to overestimate accessibility at a coarse level and in areas with less or sparsely distributed populations. The edge effects tend to occur at the border when using the proximity method, but it is more sensitive if considering bypass behavior or using the G2SFCA method with a weak decay effect. This study provides valuable insights into the spatial accessibility of acute hospitals in Carinthia and highlights the challenges faced by rural, mountainous, and other underserved areas in accessing acute care, with significant implications for health equity and resource allocation. It also underscores the importance of considering different geographic units and edge effects for health care planning and management.
Projeto de extensão núcleo de estudos antropolíticos: pandemia, desafios e política nas redes
Authors: BRASILEIRO Cyntia Carolina Beserra , BARROS Terezinha Albuquerque Cabral Neta , FONSECA Lorena Silva da , SILVA Gianna Grasiella Maia da , SILVEIRA Elany Lorrane Medeiros da , OLIVEIRA Pollyana Moura de
Published: May 2023

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar os resultados das ações desenvolvidas no Projeto de Extensão Núcleo de Estudos Antropolíticos (NEA) nos períodos que compreendem 2020-2021. Com a pandemia e o isolamento social, o projeto se realizou através das redes sociais Instagram e Google Meet, mediante publicações e mini cursos online, refletindo sobre temas da política com o recorte etnográfico, contemplando pessoas de diversos seguimentos da sociedade e cidades do Nordeste. Tendo em vista a apresentação destes resultados, a metodologia será qualitativa com a utilização do recurso fotográfico e também sinaliza dados numéricos sobre os engajamentos na rede social oficial do projeto @nea.uern. Como resultados, observou-se que o NEA se fortalece através de sua adequação ao modo virtual, mantendo o compromisso de produção de conteúdo utilizando-se do ensino, pesquisa e extensão, em articulação planejada e se adaptando à realidade em contexto de pandemia e distanciamento social.
Putting It in Writing
Authors: Gupta Somya , Ahmed Farha , Krishnadas Ramya
Published: May 2023

In the medical device industry, the practice of creating a "Letter to File," "Note to File," or "Memo to File" is employed to document modifications to a device in the USA for regulatory and compliance purposes. Although the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have provided guidance on this topic over the years, there has not been a thorough exploration of this concept. Medical device manufacturers frequently make changes to their FDA-cleared products, but determining whether to handle the change internally using a Letter to File or notify the FDA can be unclear. This article provides a comprehensive overview of what a Letter to File is, the purpose of writing one, and the appropriate situations in which a company might use it. Additionally, it also discusses the contents of a typical Letter to File, including the necessary elements and the best practices for writing it effectively and consequences of making the wrong decision. By providing guidance on the Letter to File process, this article aims to assist professionals in the medical device industry in maintaining precise records that can support their organizations in any regulatory situation.
A Study of the Validation of Seoul Housing Actual transaction Price Index(SHAPI) : Using the Actual transaction Price Index of Apartment in Seoul
Authors:   Korea Urban & Real Estate Association, Park Jae-Ra , Park Hyun-jung , Ryu Kang-Min , Jung Jong-Dae
Published: May 2023

As an indicator of housing price trends, the housing price index should have both accuracy and timeliness. This study aimed to validate the statistical reliability, stability of the Seoul actual price index for apartments developed by the Seoul Metropolitan Government, and its conformity on shortening of the publication time difference from 45 days to 15 to secure the timeliness of the index. The result showed that Seoul actual price index for apartments by building ages and housing areas have statistical reliability and stability throughout all detailed subtypes. Also, the additional analysis on the change in the index after reflecting cancelled transactions showed that there was insignificant difference between the original index and the index reflecting cancelled transactions. Therefore, this study empirically proved that Seoul actual price index for apartments can secure timeliness by collecting and analyzing data on the basis of date of registration without any distortion of the housing market.
Trabajos puente como formas de trabajar en la jubilación
Authors: Londoño Moreno Angélica María , Díaz-Bambula Fátima , Rentería Pérez Erico
Published: May 2023

El envejecimiento poblacional y el incremento de la participación laboral de las personas mayores en los mercados de trabajo es un fenómeno de relevancia a nivel mundial, investigado en los últimos años por diversas disciplinas. Este artículo sintetiza discusiones y reflexiones sobre la prolongación de la vida laboral de las personas jubiladas a través de los trabajos puente; esta noción refiere al trabajo remunerado después de la jubilación y es conocida en inglés como bridge employment. Para ello, se toma en consideración la teoría de la continuidad de Atchley, puesto que es una de las más utilizadas en la investigación sobre esta temática, la cual puso en evidencia el uso de la continuidad como una transición y adaptación para el retiro, como forma de preservar actividades significativas; con lo cual se demuestra que el trabajo en su función de centralidad le da sentido a la vida de las personas mayores que continúan trabajando.