bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação das dificuldades de aprendizado em Bioquímica dos discentes da Universidade Federal do Piauí
Authors: De Andrade Raíssa Silva Bacelar , E Silva Ayres Fran Da Silva , Zierer Maximiliano De Souza
Published: July 2017

A Bioquímica é uma das disciplinas básicas mais presentes na grade curricular dos diversos cursos da área da saúde e das ciências da natureza. Contudo, a literatura aponta para uma grande dificuldade dos alunos de graduação frente ao aprendizado desta disciplina.  Esse trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar, por meio de um questionário, o grau de dificuldade de aprendizado em Bioquímica apresentado pelos discentes, a fim de levantar discussões sobre estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem para tentar minimizar o problema. Constatamos que 86,5%  dos alunos pesquisados apresentaram um grau de dificuldade de aprendizado em Bioquímica de médio a alto. Além disso, 62,8% dos alunos relataram ter dificuldades de aprendizado em outras disciplinas em seus cursos de graduação. Associado a esses dados, 81,03% dos estudantes reconheceram ter passado por dificuldades de aprendizado no ensino médio, sendo que as disciplinas mais mencionadas foram matemática (44,73%) e química (38,98%). Como consequência desse problema, 21,4% do total dos discentes pesquisados eram repetentes na disciplina de Bioquímica, o que representa um grupo significativo de alunos com grandes dificuldades de aprendizado. Verificamos que as dificuldades de aprendizado em Bioquímica possuem múltiplas causas, sendo que provavelmente a mais importante é a deficiência na formação dos alunos vindos dos ensinos fundamental e médio.
Fatigue behaviour in full-scale laboratory tests of a composite deck slab with PBL reinforcement
Authors: Lu P , Zhan X , Zhao R
Published: July 2017

Studies on the fatigue behaviour of composite deck slabs are relatively few. To assess the fatigue performance of a composite deck slab at specific design loads, and to provide a reference for its design in fatigue, two full-scale models A and B of a composite deck slab were developed, comprising steel plates and steel-fibre-reinforced concrete slabs. These models will be a useful reference for experiments and design, and for developing codes. In this study we carried out fatigue experiments and focused on the fatigue performance of a composite deck slab in a column area, and the positive and negative bending moments. For the entire fatigue loading cycle, the overall performance of Models A and B was good, the overall stiffness of the composite deck slab was rarely attenuated, the stress levels in the steel members in relation to the fracture strength were not significant, and the steel member was in the stage of flexible work. Through comprehensive tests of Models A and B it was found that the original design exhibits good fatigue performance and meets the design requirements. The research results provide a basis for the design of a composite bridge deck slab in fatigue
Los “cines del agua” en la provincia de Cáceres, España: un recurso para la didáctica de los lugares desaparecidos y olvidados
Authors: García-Manso Angélica
Published: July 2017

El presente artículo analiza cinco antiguos cinematógrafos vinculados a la construcción de otros tantos embalses en la cuenca del Tajo de la provincia de Cáceres desde finales de los años cincuenta hasta los primeros años setenta: Gabriel y Galán, Valdecañas, Torrejón, Alcántara y Cedillo. Estos edificios de cine de los pantanos cacereños desempeñan un papel destacado en la recuperación documental de unos enclaves prácticamente olvidados e invisibles en la actualidad. En ellos se fusiona la relación del agua con el paisaje, con la memoria y con la arquitectura, al tiempo que constituyen una excelente herramienta para la didáctica de las ciencias sociales, especialmente en lo que atañe a la enseñanza del patrimonio en el aula. Y es que, a través de estos inmuebles, el alumno puede adquirir conocimientos arquitectónicos y estilísticos de un entorno tan próximo como a veces desconocido.
Pueblos originarios, prácticas de ciudadanía y conflictos hídricos en la metrópoli de México: algunas paradojas
Authors: De Alba Felipe , Martín Juana
Published: July 2017

En este artículo se presenta una discusión teórica sobre la paradoja de ‘actuar’ y ‘creer’, para señalar la relevancia que adquiere la ciudad (donde se actúa) frente a los territorios que ocupan, en sus márgenes, los pueblos originarios (donde se cree). A partir de allí, se desarrolla un análisis del concepto prácticas de ciudadanía de dichos pueblos en relación con las ‘prácticas de ciudadanía’ urbanas, en particular, alrededor de los conflictos hídricos, que dibuja a la política como “una lucha por las mentes y los corazones” (Harbers et al., 2016).Se utiliza el caso de la comunidad de San Bartolo Ameyalco, localizado en el corazón de la metrópoli de México, para intentar demostrar cómo las prácticas de un actor político marginalizado —un pueblo originario—, se combinan en procesos de alta complejidad, que se trata de distinguirla como aquellos que viven una ‘ciudadanía de un día’.Se concluye que son necesarios más estudios —respecto a las prácticas de ciudadanía en la vida urbana— que permitan distinguir cuáles son sus diferencias y sus distinciones en cada una de sus periferias sociales o políticas.
Factores condicionantes de la buena gestión del servicio de agua potable en doce comunidades del altiplano mexicano
Authors: Rivera-Márquez Javier , Hernández-Rodríguez María de Lourdes , Ocampo-Fletes Ignacio , María-Ramírez Andrés
Published: July 2017

La Buena Gestión del agua en comunidades de México es un tema de actualidad, porque refleja la capacidad comunitaria para el manejo de un Recurso de Uso Común. En este caso se presenta el trabajo realizado a órganos denominados Comisiones de Agua Potable de 12 comunidades del Altiplano central mexicano. El objetivo fue analizar los factores de desempeño al interior de dichas organizaciones. Se examinaron cinco dimensiones de la Buena Gestión con información generada por encuestas y entrevistas a doce representantes de las Comisiones de Agua Potable y a dos representantes del municipio. Para determinar las dimensiones que registraron el mayor número de incumplimientos de Buena Gestión, se utilizó el gráfico de Pareto. Los factores que inciden negativamente en los criterios de Buena Gestión, se asocian a las dimensiones administrativa, comercial y financiera. Los factores que operan a favor son autonomía, reconocimiento y existencia de límites definidos.
Framing of climate issues and “COP21”: U.S. newspaper coverage vs Indian newspaper coverage
Authors: Biswas Masudul Karim , Kim Nam Young
Published: July 2017

Using content analysis method and the theory of framing, this study compares news coverage of climate issues around the Paris Climate Conference 2015, also known as “COP21”, between U.S. and Indian newspapers. The findings, based on an analysis of 278 stories published by four leading newspapers in these countries, suggest that international politics-oriented conflict and strategy frame and environmental consequences frame dominated both U.S. and Indian newspaper coverage. Another important finding of this study is the Indian newspaper coverage, compared to the U.S. newspaper coverage, included more information on social progress and innovations toward environment-friendly initiatives.
‘White trash’ In The ‘basket of deplorables’: Continued Crisis Of Men In America
Authors: Mohan Brij
Published: July 2017

The ‘post-truth’ society has produced a compound of two sets of new revolutionaries: We have known about the ‘white trash’ for about 400 years. The ‘deplorables’ represent the new Hillbillies left out by the ravages of globalized economy; ‘basement dwellers’ are reluctant liberals unable to confront the new realities of a hopelessly divided nation.
The International Heat Stress Genotype Experiment for modeling wheat response to heat: field experiments and AgMIP-Wheat multi-model simulations
Authors: Semenov Mikhail A. , Müller Christoph , Kumar Soora Naresh , Liu Bing , Lobell David B. , Nendel Claas , O'Leary Garry , Olesen Jørgen E. , Palosuo Taru , Priesack Eckart , Rezaei Ehsan Eyshi , Ripoche Dominique , Rötter Reimund P. , Koehler Ann-Kristin , Stöckle Claudio , Stratonovitch Pierre , Streck Thilo , Supit Iwan , Tao Fulu , Thorburn Peter , Waha Katharina , Wang Enli , White Jeffrey W. , Wolf Joost , Zhao Zhigan , Zhu Yan , De Sanctis Giacomo , Reynolds Matthew P. , Asseng Senthold , Ewert Frank , Alderman Phillip D. , Cammarano Davide , Maiorano Andrea , Ruane Alexander C. , Aggarwal Pramod K. , Anothai Jakarat , Basso Bruno , Biernath Christian , Challinor Andrew J. , Martre Pierre , Doltra Jordi , Dumont Benjamin , Fereres Elias , Garcia-Vila Margarita , Gayler Sebastian , Hoogenboom Gerrit , Hunt Leslie A. , Izaurralde Roberto C. , Jabloun Mohamed , Jones Curtis D. , Kassie Belay T. , Kersebaum Kurt C.
Published: July 2017

The data set contains a portion of the International Heat Stress Genotype Experiment (IHSGE) data used in the AgMIP-Wheat project to analyze the uncertainty of 30 wheat crop models and quantify the impact of heat on global wheat yield productivity. It includes two spring wheat cultivars grown during two consecutive winter cropping cycles at hot, irrigated, and low latitude sites in Mexico (Ciudad Obregon and Tlaltizapan), Egypt (Aswan), India (Dharwar), the Sudan (Wad Medani), and Bangladesh (Dinajpur). Experiments in Mexico included normal (November-December) and late (January-March) sowing dates. Data include local daily weather data, soil characteristics and initial soil conditions, crop measurements (anthesis and maturity dates, anthesis and final total above ground biomass, final grain yields and yields components), and cultivar information. Simulations include both daily in-season and end-of-season results from 30 wheat models. All data are available via DOI 10.7910/DVN/CJJBSR.
Assessment of epidemiological factors and work related injuries amongst class IV workers involved in handling and disposal of biomedical wastes in a tertiary teaching hospital of Nagpur
Authors: Meshram Pawan V. , Tawale Najuka , Jajulwar Mahesh B.
Published: July 2017

Background: Biomedical wastes generated from hospital settings are a potent source of various infections and diseases like AIDS, Hepatitis and other bacterial diseases causing serious threat to health. Health care workers which include class IV workers are at greater risk of various morbidities due to their job profile, including transport and disposal of biomedical waste. The study aims to find out the work related injuries among class IV workers involved in handling and disposal of biomedical wastes. The objective of the study was to assess the epidemiological factors and describe the work related injuries among class IV workers in a tertiary teaching hospital of Nagpur. Methods: A cross-sectional study amongst 100 class IV workers was conducted using a structured questionnaire mentioning the socio-demographic profile and injury details at the work place. Results: Of the 100 subjects, majority (37%) fall into the age group of 40-49 years. There were 77 females and 23 males. 58% were educated till high school and there were 4 illiterates among the workers. On enquiring about the details of injury in past 6 months, 45 workers were injured during their working hour of which maximum was by needle. There were 3 workers who in spite of being injured, didn’t report to higher authority. Conclusions: Injuries at work place are fairly common and this holds truth for the class IV workers handling and disposing biomedical wastes. Proper disposal of sharps and other biomedical wastes correctly can minimize the risk of hazard.
Successful afatinib treatment through nasogastric tube in a ventilated patient with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Karasuno Takahiro , Nishiura Nobuko , Takamori Hiroyuki , Kodama Ken
Published: July 2017

The majority of lung cancer patients are discovered at advanced stages and some of them may often have complex medical problems in addition to the diagnosis of cancer, such as oncologic emergency requiring assistance in an intensive care unit (ICU). In the last decade, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been recognized as key drugs for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring sensitive EGFR mutation. We report a case of stage IV NSCLC with EGFR mutation (exon 19 deletion). He was in a life-threatening stage due to a massive intrathoracic hemorrhage. After chest tube drainage and mechanical ventilation, afatinib was administered through nasogastric tube. Consequently, a dramatic response was obtained and he was able to be discharged from our hospital 11 weeks after the initiation of afatinib. This approach may be of benefit to rescue from life-threatening condition for selected patients.
Critical thresholds of Ion Concentration in Plasma for Hypocalcemia prediction in dairy cows using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis
Authors: Xiao Xinhuan , Xu Chuchu , Xu Shi , Xia Cheng , Wang Gang , Bai Yunlong , Wu Ling , Zheng Jiasan
Published: July 2017

Postpartum hypocalcemia is an important nutrient metabolic disease which occurs frequently in dairy cows. Parameters for early risk prediction of hypocalcemia have not been investigated previously in dairy cows on farms in China. To predict the occurrence of hypocalcemia and obtain the critical thresholds of various parameters related to the prevalence and risk of hypocalcemia in dairy cows. 61 Holstein Friesian cows from one farm were randomly selected and monitored using a plasma calcium(Ca) concentration of 2.0 mmol/L as the cutoff point of hypocalcemia. The risk prediction thresholds for hypocalcemia were determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis using prenatal plasma Ca concentration and other electrolyte concentrations. The results showed that the plasma thresholds were more than 2.12 mmol/L for Ca before calving, with 98.7% sensitivity and 88.5% specificity, and more than 1.90 mmol/L for phosphorus (P), with 98.7% sensitivity and 65.4% specificity, respectively. Furthermore, there was a prominent positive correlation between the plasma concentration of Ca and that of P or magnesium (Mg) before calving in dairy cows. Levels of Ca and P in the plasma of dairy cows before calving are useful parameters for risk prediction of postpartum hypocalcemia incidents in dairy cows.
Nutritional evaluation of Senegalia greggii and Prosopis juliflora as browse supplements for sheep
Authors: Ramirez-Lozano Roque G. , Gonzalez-Rodriguez Humberto , Ledezma- Torres Rogelio A.
Published: July 2017

This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of leaves of two shrubs on digestion and nitrogen retention by sheep. Twelve rumen-fistulated castrated male sheep (Pelibuey x Rambouillet) of 42.2±1.3 kg live weight were randomly assigned to three diets (four sheep/diet): diet 1 containing 77% of Cynodon plectostachyus straw and 23% Medicago sativa hay, diet 2 containing 70.7% C. plectostachyus straw and 26.3% Senegalia greggii leaves, and diet 3 containing 76.3% C. plectostachyus straw and 14.3% Prosopis juliflora leaves. Medicago sativa hay was used as control feed of good nutritional quality. The intakes of dry matter and the fiber components of sheep were not significantly different between sheep fed the diets containing the M. sativa hay or S. greggii leaves, but both were significantly higher than sheep fed the P. juliflora leaves. The in vivo digestibility coefficients of dry matter and the fiber components were not different (P>0.05) between sheep fed the all diets; however, the digestibility of CP was higher (P less than 0.05) for sheep fed the M. sativa diet compared with sheep on other diets. The N intake was similar (P>0.05) between sheep fed diets containing M. sativa hay or S. greggii leaves, but both were higher than sheep containing P. juliflora leaves. A similar pattern as N intake was registered in fecal and urine N excretions. The N balance was higher (P less than 0.05) and positive in sheep fed the M. sativa hay diet followed by S. greggii and sheep on P. juliflora were lowest and negative. Senegalia greggii leaves may have potential as an economical supplementary feed for sheep fed diets based on roughages.
Effects of a semi-intensive raising system on growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of broiler chicks
Authors: Kaya Serafettin , Yildirim Hakan
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The present study was carried out to compare the growth performance and carcass yield of broiler chickens reared in semi-intensive and conventional systems (Ross 308, n=120). Chickens were raised in a pen on wooden shavings for 21 days. On day 21 of age, chicks were assigned to 2 treatments (indoor treatment and semi-intensive treatment). The experiment was conducted at until 6 weeks of age. Production system has a significant effect on wing (P less than 0.05) and heart weight (P less than 0.01), but has no any effect on final body weight, hot or cold carcass weight, thigh, breast, back and neck, gizzard, liver and abdominal fat weights (P>0.05).  The final body weight, hot and cold carcass weight, thigh, wings and heart weights were affected by sex of birds (p less than 0.05) while breast, back, liver, gizzard and abdominal fat were not affected by sex (P>0.05). The nutrient level of carcass parts was not influenced by production system or sex (P>0.05). In our study, breast of birds reared under semi-intensive system had significantly lower ‘L’ (P less than 0.05), higher ‘a’ statistically different (P less than 0.01); while ‘b’ value was significantly (P less than 0.01) higher in skin of semi-intensive reared birds
Thyroid hormones and lipid profile in Labrador Retriever male dogs
Authors: Megha K. , Swamy M. , Ranganath L. , Rao Suguna , Shridhar N. , Veena M. , Ramesh P.
Published: July 2017

A study was conducted to assess the thyroid hormones and lipid profile in Labrador Retriever male dogs presented to the Veterinary College Hospital, Bengaluru for routine health check up and vaccination. Based on their age, they were randomly divided into Group I, Group II and Group III that consisted of one to three years age (young age), more than three years to six years age (middle age) and more than six to nine years age (old age), respectively. In all the dogs the body weight was recorded. The profile of thyroid hormones such as thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3) and  Thyroxine (T4) were estimated by using ELISA kits. The lipid profile parameters such as triglycerides, cholesterol and HDL cholesterol were estimated by using biochemical reagent kits. The values of LDL and VLDL cholesterol were calculated by using Friedewald formula. Further, the blood glucose level was estimated using the Glucochek® glucometer and serum total protein level by using reagent kit. Results revealed that the increased body weight was observed as age advanced. The T3 levels did not vary significantly among different age groups. Whereas, in the advanced age groups there was reduction in T4 levels and increase in TSH levels which was suggestive of hypothyroidism. Triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL and VLDL levels were significantly higher in older dogs followed by middle age group compared to young age group. However, the alterations in blood glucose and serum total protein levels were non significant between different age groups. It was concluded that the Labrador Retriever male dogs could be more prone to hypothyroidism and hyperlipidemia and therefore master health check-up could be taken up at least once in a year as a precautionary measure to avoid complications of hypothyroidism and hyperlipidemia.
Xenogenous Collagen Matrix and/or Enamel Matrix Derivative for Treatment of Localized Gingival Recessions: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Part I: Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Sangiorgio João Paulo Menck , Neves Felipe Lucas da Silva , Rocha dos Santos Manuela , França‐Grohmann Isabela Lima , Casarin Renato Corrêa Viana , Casati Márcio Zaffalon , Santamaria Mauro Pedrine , Sallum Enilson Antonio
Published: July 2017

Background: Considering xenogeneic collagen matrix (CM) and enamel matrix derivative (EMD) characteristics, it is suggested that their combination could promote superior clinical outcomes in root coverage procedures. Thus, the aim of this parallel, double‐masked, dual‐center, randomized clinical trial is to evaluate clinical outcomes after treatment of localized gingival recession (GR) by a coronally advanced flap (CAF) combined with CM and/or EMD.

Methods: Sixty‐eight patients presenting one Miller Class I or II GRs were randomly assigned to receive either CAF (n = 17); CAF + CM (n = 17); CAF + EMD (n = 17), or CAF + CM + EMD (n = 17). Recession height, probing depth, clinical attachment level, and keratinized tissue width and thickness were measured at baseline and 90 days and 6 months after surgery.

Results: The obtained root coverage was 68.04% ± 24.11% for CAF; 87.20% ± 15.01% for CAF + CM; 88.77% ± 20.66% for CAF + EMD; and 91.59% ± 11.08% for CAF + CM + EMD after 6 months. Groups that received biomaterials showed greater values (P <0.05). Complete root coverage (CRC) for CAF + EMD was 70.59%, significantly superior to CAF alone (23.53%); CAF + CM (52.94%), and CAF + CM + EMD (51.47%) (P <0.05). Keratinized tissue thickness gain was significant only in CM‐treated groups (P <0.05).

Conclusions: The three approaches are superior to CAF alone for root coverage. EMD provides highest levels of CRC; however, the addition of CM increases gingival thickness. The combination approach does not seem justified.
Porphyromonas gingivalis Suppresses Trophoblast Invasion by Soluble Factors
Authors: Hirohata Naoko , Komine‐Aizawa Shihoko , Tamura Muneaki , Ochiai Kuniyasu , Sugitani Masahiko , Hayakawa Satoshi
Published: July 2017

Background: Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disorder that affects supporting tissues of the teeth. An increased risk of pregnancy complications has been reported in patients with periodontitis; however, its pathophysiology remains uncharacterized to date. In addition, Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) is detectable in a few placentae derived from diseased pregnancies. Thus, the aim of this study is to examine the roles of soluble factors produced by Pg on trophoblast invasion in vitro to clarify the remote effects of periodontitis on pregnancy outcomes.

Methods: The immortalized trophoblast cell line HTR‐8/SVneo was cultured on plates or via hanging drop to evaluate viability, apoptosis, and morphology in the presence of the culture supernatant of Pg (PG‐sup). Cells were plated on solubilized extracellular matrix rich membrane preparation plates to evaluate cell invasion. Morphologic changes were evaluated via stereomicroscopy, optical microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy.

Results: After 24 hours of culture, cell invasion was inhibited by PG‐sup in a dose‐dependent manner. Although cell viability and apoptotic counts were not affected by PG‐sup, spheroid formation in hanging drop culture was inhibited. Spheroids became fragile and irregular in the presence of PG‐sup. Transmission electron microscopy revealed shortened microvilli and increased intracellular spaces.

Conclusions: PG‐sup inhibits trophoblast invasion and affects trophoblast morphology without direct cytotoxicity. These results indicate that Pg produces soluble factor(s) that suppress trophoblast invasion and subsequent vascular remodeling, which affect placental growth and fetal well‐being. It is expected that the current findings will explain the increased prevalence of pregnancy complications in patients with periodontitis.
Tecidos moles (não resistentes): como se fossilizam?
Authors: Gobbo Silvia Regina , Bertini Reinaldo J.
Published: July 2017

A preservação de tecidos moles (não resistentes) desperta atenção pela qualidade dos fósseis preservados, e pela raridade. Este trabalho faz ampla revisão do assunto, desfaz alguns dos mitos correntes sobre fossilização destes materiais, como anaerobiose e soterramento rápido, bem como assinala a relevância do papel da replicagem de estruturas morfológicas por colônias microbianas. No âmbito dos fatores que influenciam a preservação de tecidos não resistentes estão pH, processos de decomposição, soterramento rápido e mineralização rápida por meio de carbonatos ou fosfatos. É possível citar exemplos de fácies sedimentares nas quais há preservação de tecidos não resistentes, como os folhelhos pirobetuminosos, calcários litográficos, folhelhos e diatomitos. Destaca-se o papel das colônias microbianas, tanto na forma de microesferas, como aquelas não-esferulíticas. Os três mitos principais que se procurou desfazer no artigo são: (1) a presença de oxigênio; (2) o soterramento rápido e (3) as colônias microbianas.
Experimentos didáticos de cristalização
Authors: Costa Ideval Souza , Andrade Fábio Ramos Dias de
Published: July 2017

Este trabalho apresenta experimentos para avaliar a capacidade de produzir cristais idiomórficos de dezes­seis compostos solúveis em água, cujas soluções saturadas evaporaram em condição ambiente. Dos compostos testados, dois produziram sementes e cristais macroscópicos em duas semanas (sulfato de cobre pentahidratado, cloreto de sódio tipo sal grosso), seis produziram cristais macroscópicos após duas semanas (fosfato monobásico de amônia, bromato de sódio, sulfato de magnésio heptahidratado, sulfato de níquel hexahidratado, sulfato de alumínio e potássio dodecahidratado, tartarato de sódio e potássio tetrahidratado) e oito não produziram cristais macroscópicos (acetato de cálcio hidratado, acetato de cobre monohidratado, cloreto de sódio pureza analítica, cromato de sódio tetrahidratado, nitrato de sódio, ferrocianeto de potássio trihidratado, clorato de sódio, cloreto de potássio). Os resultados experimentais indicam que as soluções de compostos que permitem maior grau de supersaturação, ou seja, maior largura da zona metaestável, apresentam melhor desempenho nos experimentos de cristalização, em termos da formação de cristais macroscópicos idiomórficos. Estes experimentos permitem abordar diversos conteúdos dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais para os Ensinos Fundamental e Médio, e do Ensino Superior, em disciplinas como cristalografia e química fundamental.
Método científico e controvérsias nas geociências
Authors: Martins José Roberto Serra , Carneiro Celso Dal Ré
Published: July 2017

Este artigo representa o primeiro passo de uma caminhada na direção de proposta original de um currí- culo de ensino superior em Geociências. Partindo do fato que as polêmicas são basilares a qualquer ciência, sendo o debate fundamental ao questionamento dos princípios e ao processo de formação conceitual, e que as periodizações históricas das Geociências constituem instrumentos de alcance limitado à sua compreensão, este artigo visa demonstrar como a fluidez está a atuar sobre as ciências, ajudando a derrubar metanarrativas e desvelar essencialismos. Este trabalho propõe que todo cientista deva: (a) assumir função social diversa da atual, ao trazer, para o centro do debate, vozes dos que estão à margem do saber; (b) democratizar os resultados de suas experiências junto à sociedade, possibilitando ao cidadão comum agenciar suas próprias demandas, tomando por base este conhecimento.
Acciones de difusión de las ciencias de la tierra en Argentina hoy
Authors: Bonan Leonor
Published: July 2017

Este trabajo describe algunos recursos para la difusión del conocimiento científico asociado con las Ciencias de la Tierra, destinados a la sociedad argentina actual. Se los contextualiza a la luz de una selección de datos de la historia de las Ciencias de la Tierra en el contexto local y de la política científica actual. Por último, se reflexiona sobre sus alcances.
Ciências da terra em cursos que habilitam ao magistério de ciências naturais para o ensino fundamental
Authors: Araujo Elias Profeta Ramos de , Toledo Maria Cristina Motta de
Published: July 2017

A formação de professores de Ciências Naturais para o ensino fundamental da educação básica é realizada principalmente em cursos superiores de Licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas, mas o interesse primordial dos cursos é formar essencialmente professores de Biologia. Assim, as instituições de ensino superior que os mantêm elaboram e executam os projetos pedagógicos enfatizando disciplinas da área biológica e não dispensam às disciplinas de Ciências da Terra, notada­mente a Geologia, o devido valor como integrantes das Ciências Naturais. Em alguns casos, é possível que essa disciplina faça parte da grade curricular do curso apenas para cumprir orientações da legislação ou normatizações educacionais, sendo evidente a falta de investimentos, nesses cursos de formação de professores, em docentes especializados, atividades de campo e laboratórios relacionados às Ciências da Terra.
Monitoria proativa: uma experiência didático-pedagógica do grupo de ensino de Geologia Introdutória da Faculdade de Geologia da Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém-PA
Authors: Abreu Francisco de Assis Matos de , Assis José Fernando Pina , Matos Jamylle Trindade de , Arantes Leticia Briglia Ramos , Silva Eliã Jéssica Oliveira
Published: July 2017

Este trabalho apresenta os primeiros resultados concretos do Projeto Monitoria Proativa, implementado em 2009 no Curso de Geologia da Universidade Federal do Pará, como ferramenta pedagógica para otimização do aproveitamento estudantil nos conteúdos das geologias introdutórias, traduzidos em dois produtos didáticos: Roteiro de Atividades para Prática de Campo em Geologia Introdutória e Kits Didático-Metodológicos em Geologia Introdutória. Além disso o trabalho descreve, em linhas gerais, o processo pedagógico de sua elaboração.
Relevamiento de los contenidos curriculares de ciencias de la tierra en la formación de profesores de primaria de la ciudad de Buenos Aires
Authors: Regalía Diego Arias , Bonan Leonor
Published: July 2017

Este trabajo se centra en relevar los diseños curriculares del área de ciencias naturales en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, tanto de la formación de maestros como del nivel primario para el que se forman. A su vez, se propone un breve análisis de la potencialidad de este recorte particular para ser abordado desde una perspectiva multidisciplinar que promueva la reflexión sobre la naturaleza de la ciencia, los fines de la educación científica, y el estudio de cuestiones de relevancia social. Encontramos que el recorte de contenidos geológicos elegido es apropiado para desarrollar los objetivos del diseño y para pensar una presentación de las ciencias naturales de carácter integrador. Sin embargo, la falta de tradición en esta perspectiva de la enseñanza sumada a la falta de circulación del conocimiento geológico en la escuela media, imponen restricciones muy grandes a la apropiación por parte de los docentes de estas propuestas.
Desafios interdisciplinares na formação docente: questões teóricas e práticas
Authors: Hammes Lucio Jorge , Zitkoski Jaime José , Bombassaro Luiz Carlos
Published: July 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo relacionar a qualificação acadêmica com a experiência prática dos profissionais da educação. Discute questões relacionadas à interdisciplinaridade, destacando sua fundamentação filosófica, a prática educativa e os princípios éticos. A metodologia baseia-se na pesquisa qualitativa, que utilizou a abordagem da pesquisa documental, aprofundada com depoimentos de alguns dos participantes da formação docente analisada nesta pesquisa. Os dados são analisados com autores e leituras de outras pesquisas que tratam da mesma temática. A pesquisa evidencia o propósito de superar, nos espaços acadêmicos analisados, a lógica disciplinar e fragmentadora do conhecimento, indicando desafios para repensar a formação de professores numa perspectiva interdisciplinar, com a atitude e a sabedoria do diálogo, da troca de saberes e experiências, buscando o entendimento. Dessa forma, sugere-se passar do paradigma disciplinar para o interdisciplinar, tendo a intersubjetividade como fundamento ético-antropológico para a efetivação de uma proposta interdisciplinar, tanto de investigação quanto de formação.
ESTUDIO MULTICÉNTRICO ESPAÑOL: NIÑOS CON HIPERAMONIEMIA NO ASOCIADA A ERRORES INNATOS DEL METABOLISMO
Authors: Gil Campos Mercedes
Published: July 2017

La  encefalopatía hiperamoniémica inducida por causas diferentes a los errores innatos del metabolismo es un efecto adverso relativamente infrecuente, pero muy grave.Objetivo: Conocer las características de un episodio de hiperamoniemia secundaria, tratar de discernir las causas desencadenantes, cómo se llega al diagnóstico del episodio, y la efectividad de los tratamientos utilizados.Métodos: Es un estudio multicéntrico retrospectivo de casos pediátricos con hiperamoniemia no relacionada con errores innatos del metabolismo, llevado a cabo en hospitales españoles.Resultados: Se seleccionaron 19 pacientes y en un 47% el episodio de hiperamoniemia aparición en menores de 1 año, siendo diagnosticados mayoritariamente con 2 o más síntomas. La clínica más frecuente fue la de alteración del nivel de conciencia tipo intoxicación, seguida de las crisis convulsivas sumando en ambas hasta 14 pacientes con alguna de ellas o las dos. 12 de los 19 pacientes utilizaban más de dos fármacos antiepilépticos de forma habitual. Todos los niños recibieron tratamiento con restricción proteica (n:10), quelantes (n:10) y/o ácido carglúmico (n:12) para el tratamiento de la hiperamoniemia.Conclusiones: Este estudio sugiere que la hiperamoniemia secundaria está infradiagnosticada y sólo se detecta cuando aparece una sintomatología grave. Parecen ser pacientes de riesgo aquéllos que reciben fármacos antiepilépticos o aquellos críticos con una alimentación restringida o un metabolismo elevado. La respuesta con tratamiento específico es adecuada pero debe ser precoz para evitar las secuelas neurológicas de esta entidad.
CONDICIÓN FÍSICA Y SENSIBILIDAD INSULÍNICA EN UN GRUPO DE ESCOLARES OBESOS DE 8 A 13 AÑOS SEGÚN ESTADO PUBERAL
Authors: Vasquez Fabian
Published: July 2017

Introducción: La resistencia a la insulina es la alteración metabólica más común relacionada con la obesidad y se asocia a un mayor riesgo cardiovascular en la edad pediátrica. Sumado a esto, una inadecuada condición física, presentan un alto riesgo de desarrollar complicaciones cardiometabólicas tempranamente. Objetivo: Evaluar la condición física y la resistencia insulínica en escolares obesos de 8 a 13 años de edad, seleccionados en 3 establecimientos públicos de la Región Metropolitana de Santiago.Métodos: 61 escolares obesos (25 Tanner I-II y 36 Tanner III-V). Se realizaron mediciones antropométricas, etapas de Tanner, composición corporal con el modelo de 4 compartimentos, condición física con el TM6min e indicadores de laboratorio; glicemia, insulinemia y HOMA-IR. Se diagnosticó síndrome metabólico según criterio de Cook.  Resultados: Los escolares y adolescentes obesos prepúberes y púberes, presentan una inadecuada condición física, reflejada en la distancia recorrida y en la frecuencia cardiaca durante y posterior al TM6min. A su vez, la muestra presenta una alta prevalencia de resistencia a insulina en conjunto con síndrome metabólico.      Conclusiones: Independientemente del estado puberal, los escolares obesos presentan una  baja condición física y una disminución de la sensibilidad a la insulina, que se refleja en un hiperinsulinismo compensatorio.
Incidencia de hipofosfatemia en pacientes ingresados no críticos con nutrición enteral
Authors: Fernández López Maria Teresa
Published: July 2017

Introducción: Se ha descrito una incidencia de hipofosfatemia en pacientes con soporte nutricional especializado (SNE) de hasta el 30-40%. La hipofosfatemia leve y la moderada son generalmente asintomáticas, mientras que la severa es el hecho fundamental del síndrome de realimentación. Objetivo: Evaluar la incidencia y gravedad de la hipofosfatemia en pacientes hospitalizados no críticos con nutrición enteral (NE). Material y métodos:Se diseñó un estudio observacional y prospectivo en condiciones de práctica clínica habitual. Se recogieron datos clínicos, antropométricos y analíticos de 181 pacientes a los que se les inició nutrición enteral. El seguimiento fue de 7 días. Resultados: El 51.9% de los pacientes estaban en riesgo de desarrollar síndrome de realimentación según las guías del United Kingdom National Institute For Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). La incidencia de hipofosfatemia fue del 31.5%, la de la hipofosfatemia severa del 1.1%. De todos los parámetros clínicos, antropométricos y analíticos analizados sólo la edad y unas proteínas séricas más bajas se correlacionaron de forma estadísticamente significativa con el aumento en la incidencia de hipofosfatemia. Conclusiones: La incidencia de hipofosfatemia grave en nuestra serie es muy baja, lo que hace imposible extraer conclusiones específicas para este grupo de pacientes.
EVALUACIÓN DEL ESTADO NUTRICIONAL EN MENORES DE 5 AÑOS: CONCORDANCIA DE ÍNDICES ANTROPOMÉTRICOS EN POBLACIÓN INDÍGENA DE CHIAPAS
Authors: Ochoa Héctor
Published: July 2017

Resumen IntroducciónEl estado nutricional se determina a través de diferentes métodos, entre ellos el antropométrico. En niños menores de cinco años se utilizan índices como p/e, t/e, p/t e IMC. El propósito del presente artículo es analizar y comparar la capacidad, de los distintos índices antropométricos para identificar a niños de comunidades marginadas de Chiapas con problemas nutricionales. Objetivo Analizar la concordancia entre los diferentes índices antropométricos para determinar el estado nutricional de niños menores de cinco años de edad en áreas rurales pobres con antecedentes de baja talla. MétodosEstudio transversal en 1160 niños menores de cinco años de edad en 13 comunidades de alta marginación de tres regiones de Chiapas. Las variables estudiadas fueron edad, sexo, peso y talla. Se determinó la prevalencia del estado nutricional a través de los índices p/e, t/e, p/t e IMC. El personal de campo que realizó las mediciones de peso y talla fue capacitado y estandarizado. Se calculó el coeficiente de Kappa para analizar la concordancia entre los índices. ResultadosNo se encontró concordancia entre el IMC y p/e, t/e. La prevalencia de desnutrición según t/e fue de 64.8 %. Sólo se encontró concordancia alta (0.726) entre IMC y peso/talla. El IMC arrojó una prevalencia baja de desnutrición y una mayor prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad que los índices p/e y t/e.  Conclusiones Para un diagnóstico confiable y preciso en la población con antecedentes de desnutrición crónica se recomienda utilizar los cuatro índices de manera conjunta. Lo anterior, para no subestimar ni sobreestimar su estado nutricional y focalizar las acciones de atención a la mejora del estado de salud y nutrición de los niños que viven en condiciones de pobreza extrema.
PERBANDINGAN KEKUATAN SAMBUNGAN BAMBU MENGGUNAKAN PENGISI MORTAR DENGAN ISIAN UJUNG DAN ISIAN SAMPING
Authors: Saputro Ida Nugroho
Published: July 2017

This research about strength of bamboo connection using mortar filler to its tension strength using 1
bolt with 12 mm diameter. Mortar filler has ratio of cement to sand 1 : 3 with water cement ratio 0,6. Testing of
connection strength conducted with angle of pulling 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° to bamboo fiber direction. In addition,
to identify effect of clamp usage and filler hole position. The testing conducted with hydraulic jack that installed
to loading frame. Result of this research showed that clamp usage lead to strength increase 13,82%. Connection
strength decrease happened as the angle of pulling more and more. The lowest strength with angle 90° is 8,34
KN for side filler connection and 9,81 KN for edge filler connection. The highest of connection strength with angle
0° is 25,51 KN for side filler connection and 28,45 KN for edge filler connection. The mortar filler hole position
did not influence connection strength. Comparison between theory and experiment was adjacent, therefore
proposed equation can be used.
MANAJEMEN KULTUR SEKOLAH (Konsep, Operasional, dan Temuan-Temuan Penelitian)
Authors: Roemintoyo Roemintoyo
Published: July 2017

Kultur (budaya) organisasi melekat pada oganisasi. Kultur merupakan pandangan hidup yang diakui bersama oleh suatu kelompok masyarakat yang mencakup cara berfikir, perilaku, sikap, nilai yang tercermin baik dalam ujud fisik maupun abstrak. Kultur sekolah dalam suatu lingkungan pendidikan sangat dipengaruhi oleh kepemimpinan kepala sekolah. Perwujudan kultur sekolah perlu diusahakan kondisi yang mendukungnya, yaitu: kepemimpinan/keteladanan, dan bimbingan terhadap setiap anggota agar mampu meningkatkan semangat kerja dan rasa bangga akan korpnya. Nilai, moral, sikap dan perilaku siswa tumbuh berkembang selama waktu di sekolah, dan perkembangan mereka tidak dapat dihindarkan dipengaruhi oleh struktur dan kultur sekolah serta oleh interaksi mereka dengan aspek/komponen di sekolah.
PENINGKATAN AKTIFITAS BELAJAR PEMROGRAMAN VISUAL BERBASIS DESKTOP MELALUI PEMANFAATAN ALAT PERAGA PROGAM APLIKASI INVENTARIS BAGI SISWA SMK NEGERI 5 SURAKARTA
Authors: Basori Basori , Khusnawan Dona Asm’ul
Published: July 2017

The background of this study is the lack of students activity in the conventional learning on desktopbased
visual programming subjects. As a result, many students do not understand the material provided by the
teacher. The purpose of this study is to determine the enhancement in the learning activity of student by
utilizing props inventory application program for students of SMK Negeri 5 Surakarta.
The research was conducted by using class action research with 2 cycles. The subject of study taken is
the class XI RPL A in SMK Negeri 5 Surakarta. The research object is the quality of the learning process, ie the
activity of learning. The experiment was conducted on 2nd semester academic year 2013/2014. The data
collection techniques used were observation and interviews. The Data analysis technique using the qualitative
analysis refers to the analysis model Miles and Huberman.
Based on the result of the research , we can conclude that an increase in the learning activity of precycle
student learning is 34,43%, in cycle 1 is 71,65%, and increased to 77,04% in cycle 2. It is proved that the
props inventory application program helps students to increase the learning activity on a desktop-based visual
programming subject .
PERBANDINGAN KEKUATAN SAMBUNGAN BAMBU MENGGUNAKAN PENGISI MORTAR DENGAN ISIAN UJUNG DAN ISIAN SAMPING
Authors: Saputro Ida Nugroho
Published: July 2017

This research about strength of bamboo connection using mortar filler to its tension strength using 1 bolt
with 12 mm diameter. Mortar filler has ratio of cement to sand 1 : 3 with water cement ratio 0,6. Testing of
connection strength conducted with angle of pulling 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° to ba mboo fiber direction. In addition,
to identify effect of clamp usage and filler hole position. The testing conducted with hydraulic jack that installed
to loading frame. Result of this research showed that clamp usage lead to strength increase 13,82%. Connection
strength decrease happened as the angle of pulling more and more. The lowest strength with angle 90° is 8,34
KN for side filler connection and 9,81 KN for edge filler connection. The highest of connection strength with
angle 0° is 25,51 KN for side filler connection and 28,45 KN for edge filler connection. The mortar filler hole
position did not influence connection strength. Comparison between theory and experiment was adjacent,
therefore proposed equation can be used.
Masa Depan Pertanian Perdesaan di Bali dalam Perspektif Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah
Authors: Pranadji Tri , Suhaeti Rita Nur
Published: July 2017

Tulisan ini menjelaskan bahwa sektor pertanian tradisional di Bali berada pada simpang jalan; di satu sisi masih dianggap sebagai bagian esensial tubuh kehidupan masyarakat Bali, namun di sisi lain ada indikasi dinilai (oleh perancang kebijakan pembangunan) tidak responsif terhadap investasi yang bersumber dari anggaran pembangunan daerah (APBD). Hingga saat ini sebagian besar kemajuan pertanian di Bali lebih banyak disebabkan oleh peran pelaku usaha setempat, dan sedikit sekali dilatar-belakangi oleh keberpihakkan penganggaran pemerintah daerah yang bersumber dari APBD. Dengan visi pemikiran progresif, pertanian tradisional di Bali masih dapat dijadikan tulang punggung peningkatan daya saing dan stabilitas tatanan ekonomi masyarakat Bali secara inklusif. Berkaitan dengan hal itu, strategi perencanaan pembangunan daerah di Bali perlu difokuskan pada percepatan transformasi ke arah industrialisasi pertanian di perdesaan, dengan mengakomodasi kekuatan sektor pariwisata. Slogan keberpihakkan (kebijakan) politik untuk kemajuan pertanian di perdesaan perlu ditransmisikan dalam bentuk penetapan sistem perencanaan pembangunan daerah untuk kemajuan (industrialisasi pertanian) dalam perspektif jangka panjang (15-20 tahun) dan menengah (5-10 tahun). Perencanaan pembangunan daerah di Bali harus dilandaskan pada pembahasan ulang secara intensif yang melibatkan berbagai kalangan yang memiliki integritas, kompetensi dan visi kemajuan pertanian industrial di perdesaan yang lebih meyakinkan.
Memperkuat Ketahanan Pangan Melalui Pengurangan Pemborosan Pangan
Authors: Kariyasa Ketut , Suryana Achmad
Published: July 2017

Upaya meningkatkan ketersediaan pangan dalam membangun ketahanan pangan berkelanjutan semakin sulit dilakukan. Hal ini terkait dengan adanya masalah konversi lahan pertanian dan perubahan iklim, sehingga memperburuk kinerja produksi pertanian serta volatilitas harga pangan. Kecenderungan yang kurang kondusif ini tidak memberikan insentif bagi petani untuk berinvestasi pada pengembangan teknologi pertanian. Terkait dengan kendala tersebut, maka upaya mengurangi pemborosan pangan menjadi sangat relevan, sebagai langkah alternatif dalam meningkatkan ketersediaan pangan, sehingga pada akhirnya memperkuat ketahanan pangan. Pengurangan pemborosan pangan sebesar 25 persen, ketersediaan pangan beras di Indonesia meningkat 4,1 kg per kapita dan 2,5 kg per kapita bagi penduduk dunia. Jumlah ini tentunya akan semakin meningkat sejalan dengan menurunnya pemborosan pangan. Pemborosan pangan terjadi karena adanya persoalan pola pikir, budaya, dan kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat terhadap kehilangan nilai ekonomi pangan. Oleh karena itu, upaya pengurangan pemborosan pangan dapat dilakukan melalui sosialiasi dan kampanye informasi dan pengetahuan dengan memanfaatkan ajaran agama dan kearifan lokal dalam menumbuhkan kesadaran masyarakat akan pentingnya arti kehilangan nilai ekonomi pangan dalam membangun ketahanan pangan berkelanjutan.
Program Sekolah Lapang Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu (SL-PTT) Padi: Kinerja dan Antisipasi Kebijakan Mendukung Swasembada Pangan Berkelanjutan
Authors: Nurasa Tjetjep , Supriyadi Herman
Published: July 2017

Sekolah Lapang Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu (SL-PTT) padi merupakan metoda alih teknologi kepada petani sebagai pembelajaran PTT guna mendukung program nasional peningkatan produksi dan swasembada beras di Indonesia. Konsepsi dan implementasi SL-PTT yang cenderung bersifat sentralistik menghambat penciptaan dan penerapan SL-PTT spesifik lokasi. Secara umum SL-PTT padi, yang telah di kembangkan hampir di seluruh provinsi di Indonesia belum memberikan hasil yang optimal baik dari aspek produktivitas dan adopsinya. Hal ini disebabkan adanya permasalahan inheren baik pada tataran konsepsi, implementasi program, dukungan kegiatan dan pendanaan. Disamping itu teknologi yang diterapkan pada SL-PTT masih konvensional belum merupakan inovasi yang betul-betul dapat mengungkit peningkatan produksi. Peningkatan produktivitas antara LL, SL dan non SL-PTT tidak jauh berbeda, yang menunjukkan bahwa sistem subsidi, pendampingan dan adopsi teknologi belum efektif. Upaya untuk meningkatkan produksi beras nasional melalui SL-PTT ke depan adalah dengan program aksi yang langsung berdampak nyata seperti intensifikasi padi dengan teknologi terobosan (penggunaan VUB dan padi hibrida serta tehnik tanam sebar langsung), ekstensifikasi padi di luar Jawa, rekayasa sosial dan kelembagaan petani, serta dukungan kebijakan pemerintah. Dalam prakteknya pemerintah harus bisa menjamin kelancaran akses modal, ketersediaan dan distribusi benih dan pupuk secara tepat untuk kebutuhan petani.