bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Problem with “Inclusion”? It Is Done to Someone by Someone
Authors: Hedvall Per-Olof , Ericsson Stina
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we aim to contribute to an enhanced theoretical ground for Universal Design (UD) by examining the concept of “inclusion”, presenting a conceptual critique of it based on our research on categorisation and UD, and proposing a way forward. This study is based on a comprehensive analysis of a range of photographs related to inclusion and exclusion collected during five recent research projects. We employ theories on categorisation and UD to inform our critique and discussion of inclusion. The findings show that inclusion 1) entails categorisational ambivalence, 2) upholds patterns of norm and deviation, and 3) results in power being redone, rather than undone. Consequently, inclusion becomes paradoxical, where efforts to promote equity and empowerment simultaneously become another reification of existing power structures and marginalisation. To address this issue, we propose moving beyond “inclusion” to “nonclusion” and the corresponding “nonclusive design” as a foundation for UD. This entails a shift in categorisation towards design that resists categorisations of bodies, persons, and roles. We argue that such a shift can usher in a new paradigm regarding how the path towards a society where everyone belongs can be conceptualised and realised.
Inclusive Public Toilets: A Universal Design Enquiry for Indian Context
Authors: Purkayastha Divyang , Raheja Gaurav
Published: November 2024

Public toilets fulfil an essential need for all human beings. In the context of India, the diversity of population implies a diverse set of complex barriers in the public toilet experience. Inclusion and the contextual translation of universal design becomes crucial, considering the distinct socio-cultural dimensions. This study intends to enquire the above-mentioned perspective and contribute towards an understanding of inclusion and universal design in public toilets. The methodology is a three-part process including literature review, experiential case reflections and ethnographic field perspectives. The gathered data is mapped thematically and assessed qualitatively, based on the existing principles of universal design. The insights from the assessment highlight the need for contextualization of existing universal design principles, bringing out a multi-dimensional complexity of inclusion across human needs, behaviour, physical, planning and service aspects. This study paves a way forward for evolving design directions by raising further questions through fresh perspectives on inclusion & accessibility in public toilets. The raised questions contribute to a dilemma of standardisation versus contextual customisation around the understanding of inclusion and universal design, focusing on the scenario of Indian public toilets.
Visual Impairment and Lighting: Comparing Guidelines and Illumination in Homes
Authors: Mathiasen Nanet , Øien Turid Borgestrand , Frandsen Anne Kathrine , Bredmose Annette
Published: November 2024

Universal Design aims to ensure that as many people as possible can participate equally in society, with equal access to housing, education, workplaces, institutions, and public spaces. In the construction field, many of our existing guidelines still need to catch up regarding the diversity of user needs and preferences. Recent developments in low vision rehabilitation have underscored the pivotal role of domestic lighting in fostering independent living and enhancing the quality of life for people with visual impairments. Moreover, several stakeholder organizations and associations in the field of low-vision rehabilitation have published lighting guidelines for this target group. A direct comparison of the different guidelines is difficult, as their focus, vocabulary, and level of abstraction differ: the rehabilitation process focuses on optimizing lighting to support and aid the individual’s abilities in the existing environment. It is not directly related to the design- or construction process. Yet, how do the guidelines for lighting fit the actual settings and conditions in Danish homes of people with incipient vision loss or visual impairment today? In this paper, a selection of these guidelines is assessed and analyzed in relation to three lighting categories: illuminance, luminance, and the visual system. The guidelines are also compared to the initial findings of an ongoing field study. This field study, a crucial component of the research, investigates the role of lighting for individuals experiencing incipient vision loss. This comprehensive approach, which includes both theoretical guidelines and real-world observations, ensures the reliability and relevance of the research, providing a solid foundation for the findings. The practical implications of this research are significant, as it provides valuable insights for architects, researchers, and individuals with visual impairment. Through observations and walk-along interviews in their home environment, we get their personal narratives and observe their lived everyday environments. 37 walk-along interviews were conducted from October 2023 – March 2024 during dark hours. The preliminary findings of the field observations, including observations and measurements, are compared to the guidelines of both the context of building design and -construction and the context of low-vision rehabilitation and stakeholder organizations.
Universal Crisis Information Design: A Multi-Case Study
Authors: Aryana Bijan , Osvalder Anna-Lisa , Stark Elin
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a multi-case study on universal crisis information design, focusing on individuals with communication disorders, the elderly, and immigrants. Using a research-through-design approach and various qualitative data collection methods, the study explores accessible information solutions by examining the accessibility of crisis information design and developing universal crisis information design guidelines based on the findings. The findings highlight the necessity for simplified crisis messages, multimodal communication, and the involvement of community facilitators. This leads to a set of guidelines for universal crisis information design, including integrating adaptive technologies and multiple communication channels to enhance trust and inclusivity in crisis management. The study underscores the importance of community-based strategies and the role of personalized, clear, and trustworthy information in improving crisis preparedness and response among vulnerable groups.
Filmmaking as a Tool for Investigating the Positive Spatial Experiences of Disabled People
Authors: Kajita Masashi , Cassi Roberta , Græsbøll Holm Peter
Published: November 2024

Current studies at the intersection between architecture and disability focus on addressing the immediate needs of disabled individuals and often overlook the potential of built environments to create positive experiences. Additionally, conventional approaches for investigating disabled people’s spatial experiences often fail to capture the inherent nuanced sensory and emotional aspects. This paper describes the process of filmmaking and the use of film to explore its contributions and limitations in the understanding on how personal and contextual factors influence individuals’ positive spatial experiences. The film Places and Small Pleasures, produced by the Cluster for Spatial Inclusion at the Royal Danish Academy in collaboration with Nossell & Co, serves as a case study for a reflective inquiry. The filmmaking process involved participant interviews, transcript analysis, storyboarding, shooting, editing, and final screening. The analysis of the interviews with four selected participants revealed key spatial attributes and contextual phenomena contributing to their described positive experiences. Four distinct narratives emerged, highlighting the participants’ diverse bodily conditions, emotions and feelings in their favorite places. Representations of their experiences through the film incorporated verbal and non-verbal cues, their bodily reactions, and contextual phenomena, offering an immersive sensory richness for the viewers. By capturing the embodied experiences of the four participants within their personal and spatial contexts, the filmmaking process enhanced understanding and empathy, enriching disability studies and fostering academic discourse in this domain through positive stories.
Towards Equity and Universal Design in Pelvic Floor Care – Patient Experiences After Birth
Authors: Sahin-Haglund Semra , Turkmen Sahruh , Hedvall Per-Olof
Published: November 2024

This article presents preliminary findings from a design ethnographic study examining pelvic floor care practices from the perspective of patients with pelvic floor injuries caused by birth treated at the continence clinic in Sundsvall’s Hospital, Sweden. The aim is to enhance our understanding of women’s experiences of pelvic floor injury, provide insights into living with pelvic floor injury, and discuss this from a universal design perspective. The study combines qualitative observations during clinic meetings and individual interviews with participants in a separate room. In total, seven patients participated. The material was analysed using thematic analysis focusing on the patient’s experiences and the continence clinic healthcare meeting situation. The initial findings show that pelvic floor injury symptoms such as leakage, pain and discomfort were seen as a routine part of giving birth and as expected and normal among patients. Another finding is how manifestation through visual evidence with mirroring or illustrations is found to be helpful among patients as it helps them with their healing process. Many participants have unresolved thoughts on the reasons for their pelvic floor injury. The narratives of patients living with pelvic floor injuries highlight themes of ambivalence and uncertainty, with the injuries often overshadowed by the subsequent demands of caring for a newborn, causing overload. The change is not only interpersonal; from a design perspective, the situation as a whole is of interest, including the environment, people, and artefacts. Further research is needed to explore women’s experiences beyond the purely medical aspects. Here, universal design can contribute to increased sensitivity regarding stigma and values and how these can manifest socio-materially in healthcare interactions. This study provides a basis for continued work with co-creation workshops with participants in the following study.
An Online Mental Health Survey Translated to Sign Language Was Only Utilized by One Third of Deaf Signers
Authors: Espenes Jacob , Krogstad Idar , Saltnes Hege , Steffen Kathrin
Published: November 2024

Deaf sign language speakers are at risk for mental and physical illnesses but are often under-represented in research. Reasons include language barriers, poor literacy, and mistrust. Researchers may provide surveys in sign language to accommodate Deaf people by using their preferred language. However, sign language surveys are time consuming and may not be preferred among all Deaf individuals. In this study, we invited Norwegian and Norwegian Sign Language (NSL) speakers from the deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) population to respond to an online mental health survey. Respondents were free to choose between two versions: A standard text version and a version additionally including videos in Norwegian Sign Language (NSL). In total 783 individuals with a self-reported hearing loss responded. A significantly higher proportion of those completing the NSL-version (n = 113, 14%) were deaf, had a congenital hearing loss, knew NSL well, considered NSL their first language, and preferred it daily. However, among Deaf signers (n = 236), only one third chose the NSL-version (n = 74). Deaf signers choosing the NSL-version had lower educational attainment and reported NSL as their native language. Deaf signers choosing the text version were more often native bilingual (Norwegian and NSL). Our results indicate that while Deaf respondents preferred NSL in their daily lives, most respondents still chose a conventional text survey. Efficiency and literacy likely influenced respondents’ choice. To increase participation and improve user experience, there is a need for more research on how to better accommodate most Deaf individuals in research.
The Use of Card-Game Design to Teach Universal Design Theory
Authors: Herriott Richard
Published: November 2024

This paper discusses the use of a card-game design task to teach the implementation of Universal Design (UD) principles to undergraduate students. The underlying assumption is that in order to implement UD methods, designers need to select the right tools to gather information and they need to understand the theoretical basis of the tools chosen. The aim is to bridge the theory/practice gap by getting students to actively consider how each aspect of their design research contribute to the implementation of the theory. Work by Herriott (2023) shows that design researchers are not consistent in explaining or making transparent the underlying reasons for why a UD tool was chosen. UD theory is also somewhat weak on the topic of implementation, a necessary element of design theory according to Jones & Gregor (2007). The didactic purpose of the card-game design was to encourage students to become conscious of the reason they chose the design tools eventually used in their course project. It was also to examine how, from a UD theory standpoint, implementation of UD could be enhanced since this aspect of UD theory appears to be in need of reinforcement. The students developed in class a card-game which could be used to create and advance their designs and also to retrospectively analyse them upon completion. The in-class discussion of what was required for a game also focused studentst’ attention to the elements of UD and their possible implementation. The work shows that more time is needed to explain game design; mapping of UD concept to game affordances is necessary; the course learning outcomes require addition of demonstration of theory-to-implementation
The Digital School – Can Everyone Participate on Equal Terms?
Authors: Sterri Brynhild Runa , Rygg Malin
Published: November 2024

This paper examines the accessibility of digital learning tools in Norwegian schools, highlighting significant deficiencies that hinder equitable participation, especially for students with disabilities. Through inspections, surveys, and stakeholder consultations, critical gaps in compliance and competence are identified. Recommendations are provided to strengthen regulatory enforcement, enhance teacher training, and support the procurement of accessible learning resources, aiming to ensure all students can equally benefit from digital advancements in education.
Empowering a Universal Design Course for the Built Environment: Exploring Learning Experiences Through an Interdisciplinary, Multicultural and Civic Approach
Authors: Ielegems Elke , Spooren Annemie , Delooz Eva , Vanrie Jan
Published: November 2024

Promoting inclusion and diversity is essential for creating an inclusive built environment. Next to building knowledge and understanding on the topic, it is also crucial to foster inclusive attitudes and awareness for both personal and professional growth. In developing a new architectural course ‘Designing with People’, our goal was to elevate knowledge and understanding of an inclusive built environment as well as to create more awareness on inclusion and diversity, guided by the Universal Design paradigm. To achieve this, the authors established a civic approach and facilitated interdisciplinary, intercultural collaborations to create a symbiotic learning environment among international students Interior Architecture and Architecture, students Occupational Therapy, clients and user/experts. This paper explores the strategy for advancing universal design through collaboration and examines if and how a network of stakeholders can mutually benefit from shared learning experiences. To understand stakeholders’ perspectives, the study utilizes reflection reports, surveys with open-ended questions, and self-assessment questionnaires. Results point to notable positive learning experiences in knowledge-sharing, way of working and thinking, a more nuanced view on people with disabilities and the synergistic combination of diverse perspectives, indicating that 1 + 1 = 3. While enhanced awareness among students on diversity and disability topics was less noticeable throughout the course, the intensive collaboration with international students from diverse geographical and cultural backgrounds seemed to increase awareness of other cultures and identities. The outcomes suggest that promoting mutual learning experiences among students from diverse disciplines together with other stakeholders, can not only enhance educational settings but also holds the potential to inform and improve universal design practices in various professional contexts. This opens up opportunities to significantly enrich the discourse on inclusion and universal design.
Gap-Trailing: Scaffolding and Exploring Situated Knowledge
Authors: Øien Turid Borgestrand , Mathiasen Nanet , Frandsen Anne Kathrine
Published: November 2024

User knowledge and lived experiences are pivotal in bridging the gaps between the environment and individuals causing disability. Examples of best practices help us refine and develop the theoretical groundings of UD in academia and the practical implementation in design practices. Yet best practices are also needed in our methodological approaches across research and practice concerning how to work with and in the intersection of people and environments. The approach of the researcher is pivotal when facing individuals with diverse physical or cognitive abilities, but also when exploring the role of the environment. Architectural anthropology is one way of combining tools and mindsets that could be useful when studying more complex or nuanced processes, e.g., aging or impairment. In this paper, we focus on the knowledge of people who are experiencing incipient vision loss and the mutual and dynamic interrelation of (dis)abilities between the individual and their (home) environment. In the project entitled “The Role of Lighting When Vision Changes” we explore the phenomenon of vision loss, and in this paper, we provide a critical-reflective perspective on how fieldworks can contribute to this exploration. During the winter season of 2023–24, walk-along interviews were conducted in the homes of 37 participants 55+, including 10 normally sighted and 27 visually impaired (still using their residual vision). Based on transcriptions and fieldnotes, as well as reflective notes from subsequent joint discussions among the researchers, this paper discusses the role of architectural anthropology in the project and how it can scaffold new socio-material explorations as well as critical reflections.
Spatial Justice: A Shifting Perspective to Reframe Universal Design
Authors: Rieger Janice
Published: November 2024

This paper considers the social, cultural, and structural processes and practices, that are manifested in the built environment and mediated spatially, that create and maintain experiences of exclusion, otherwise known as spatial injustice. Expanding on two decades of case study research and empirical data collected in spatial justice across Canada and Australia, this paper interrogates perspectives of power and spatial injustices that still exist today. These case studies are based in institutions like malls, museums, urban precincts, and universities to usher in a new understanding of universal design through the lens of spatial justice and include creative practice (films), (dis)-audits, co-design processes, and disability allyship. This paper expands on the first comprehensive set of studies across spatial typologies, and how power and spatial justice are manifested and designed into architecture and interior environments—and their fields of knowledge. Key takeaways are new ways of knowing, teaching, and doing in architecture and design to create spatial justice and cultures of inclusion.
Universal Design for Balance Disorders: A Multifaceted Challenge
Authors: Marcussen Lisa Maria Pirela , Ryeng Eirin Olaussen
Published: November 2024

Individuals with balance disorders are often an overlooked population in discussions surrounding universal design. Balance disorders encompass a wide range of conditions, affecting individuals across demographics and significantly impacting their mobility and independence. Despite their prevalence and potential severity, limited guidance exists for designing spaces that effectively cater to these varied needs. This paper aims to address this critical knowledge gap by investigating the challenges faced by this diverse group in navigating their built outdoor environment, and thereby contribute valuable insights to the development of evidence-based universal design standards that better support individuals with balance disorders. Employing a combined methodological approach, this paper describes a study in which a literature review has been utilized to establish an understanding of balance disorders and their impact on navigating environments. Furthermore, it expands upon this knowledge by gathering firsthand experiences and perspectives through individual surveys, focus groups, and observations. This multifaceted approach captures diverse data on travel habits, route selection strategies, and the limitations imposed by balance disorders. The research goes beyond simply identifying challenges; it delves into the complex sensory experiences of individuals with balance disorders, including light sensitivity, dizziness, vertigo, and disorientation caused by uneven surfaces, fluctuating light conditions, and excessive noise. A crucial element of this research is recognizing the heterogeneity within the population with balance disorders.. Different individuals experience varying combinations of symptoms, leading to diverse needs and preferences in their surroundings. By analyzing this data, critical design shortcomings that contribute to navigation difficulties, as well as areas of design conflicts, are identified. Actionable recommendations for improvement and solutions to achieve a balance between the often-contrasting needs within this population are explored and proposed. Ultimately, this research aims to create a universally designed environment that fosters greater independence and participation in society for all individuals with balance disorders.
Cost-Benefit Appraisal of Universal Design in Public Transport and Walking/Cycling Infrastructure
Authors: Fearnley Nils , Veisten Knut
Published: November 2024

Public budgets are limited and priorities must be made between competing projects. Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is the standard tool to assess projects and prioritise between them, as is done, e.g., in national transport plans. Universal design (UD) is typically a legal requirement in new investments and their benefits and contribution in CBA have usually not received much attention. Therefore, there is a risk that benefits are underestimated in projects that include UD elements and that these projects are subsequently ranked lower than what they ought to according to CBA performance. In this paper, we develop a user-friendly methodology for CBA of UD projects in public transport and walk/cycle infrastructure which aligns with national handbooks and guidelines for project appraisal. It contains five core elements: 1. User benefit. User benefit stems from valuation studies and are summarized and discounted over an assessment period, which in Norway is 40 years. This includes annual real price adjustments and the use of a discount rate according to guidelines. 2. Non-user effects. The degree to which UD projects affect other travellers, this (dis)benefit is accounted for. 3. Costs. Budget costs include investment and possible reinvestment at the end of economic life and annual operation and maintenance costs. These are summarized and discounted over the analysis period. Residual value after 40 years is subtracted. 4. Demand. Increases in walking and cycling have health benefits. Moreover, demand diverted from motorized transport and car to public transport, walking and cycling will affect external costs of road congestion, emissions, and accidents. 5. Shadow prices. According to Norwegian practice, the use of public funds has an inefficiency cost. Therefore, we add a shadow price on money from the public purse. With worked examples, we demonstrate that UD projects in transport are indeed available for CBA appraisal. What is more, they compete surprisingly well with alternative uses of public budgets. In fact, UD projects outperform most other transport projects in Norway when considering their cost-benefit performance. Money spent on UD gives more welfare back to society than most other uses within the transport sector. This means that UD need not only be a legal requirement in new installations. UD can also compete with, and be prioritized over, other transport investments and projects.
Essential Accessibility Information About Travel Chains for Everyone
Authors: Saarela Merja , Partanen Atte
Published: November 2024

Accessible travel for all passengers is considered a fundamental right in Europe, addressing both physical and digital accessibility needs. Public transportation must cater to a diverse range of passengers with varying physical conditions, cognitive abilities, and cultural backgrounds. The European Sustainable and Smart Mobility Strategy (2020) underscores the necessity of making mobility accessible and affordable for all, including better connectivity for rural and remote regions. This study examines the importance of considering universal design (UD) in public transport, emphasizing the need for inclusive solutions that benefit as many passengers as possible without requiring specialized adaptations. Research material on the effect of UD measures in accessible travel chains was collected during the planning and implementation phases of the travel chain. The usability and content of travel information sources related to accessibility were examined in these phases. The key findings highlight significant travel chain accessibility challenges in both digital and physical aspects. The planning phase findings show that the digital information about infrastructure accessibility was fragmented, creating difficulties for passengers with low digital literacy to identify, book, purchase, and obtain tickets for accessible transport. The implementation phase revealed inadequately designed physical environments, a lack of multi-sensory guidance, and gaps in the provided digital information. Various accessibility challenges in the physical environment and insufficient digital accessibility information prevent a seamless travel experience for persons with disabilities. While the built environment was initially designed using UD principles, maintenance and functionality have deteriorated over time. Providing accurate digital information about the functionality of infrastructure in advance could enable passengers to make more suitable route choices.
Towards a Model for Assessing the Maturity of Organizations’ Work on Universally Designed Digital Solutions
Authors: Halbach Till , Fuglerud Kristin Skeide , Simon-Liedtke Joschua Thomas
Published: November 2024

In this work, we propose a novel maturity model that suits the peculiarities of universal design of IT and ICT. The model is simply abbreviated as UDMM. It is domain-agnostic, targets intra-organizational application, and is free to use. Its design is influenced by maturity models in the related areas digital accessibility, usability, user experience, user-centered design, co-design and participatory design, as well as design-thinking. Besides a literature review, also interviews with stakeholders have been employed to gather insight for the model synthesis, and to ensure the model’s proper theoretical foundation. The UDMM is currently undergoing further improvement iterations and will be tested and validated in practice in the future.
Towards Recommendations for the Universal Design of Online Authentication Systems
Authors: Petrie Helen , Schmeelk Suzanna
Published: November 2024

There is a growing body of research on the problems older and disabled people face with authentication systems and a range of solutions have been developed. However, this research has not been integrated across user groups and solutions usually only target one or two groups. This research has attempted to integrate the empirical research findings across studies conducted with people with visual, physical, and intellectual disabilities, people dyslexia and older people. It proposes an initial set of 15 recommendations for the universal design of authentication systems. Four recommendations are about authentication systems in general, six about password authentication, two about CAPTCHAs and three about biometric authentication. 40% of the recommendations address problems experienced by at least two different user groups and over 25% address problems experienced by three groups. However, much further work is needed to validate and refine the recommendations and integrate them into a universal design approach.
Accessibility Influencers: A Netnographic Qualitative Study
Authors: Mohamed A. , Rangraz M. , Gulliksen J.
Published: November 2024

Accessibility influencers play a pivotal role in the broader accessibility movement, leveraging social media to raise awareness and shape public opinion. This study explores the distinct goals, communication styles, and approaches these influential figures employ to make complex legislative content more accessible and engaging. Utilizing netnography for data collection and conducting thematic analysis of interviews, this research highlights the crucial role of accessibility influencers in disseminating knowledge, advocating for universal design, and enhancing digital accessibility. The findings emphasize the importance of integrating accessibility principles into educational curricula, ensuring the development of a workforce capable of creating inclusive environments. Moreover, the study underscores the need for continuous professional development and systemic inclusion of accessibility training across all educational levels.
Enhancing Learning Through Universally Designed Augmented Reality: A Comparative Study of Augmented and Traditional Learning Materials
Authors: Szentirmai Attila Bekkvik , Murano Pietro
Published: November 2024

This paper examines the impact and effectiveness of educational Universally Designed (UD) Augmented Reality (AR) applications compared to traditional paper-based counterparts. The study evaluates accessibility, usability, user experience, and short-term learning outcomes in marine biology, human anatomy, and cultural history. Thirty-six participants with diverse skills and abilities, including visual impairments and dyslexia, participated in two experiments. The findings reveal that UD-designed AR applications significantly improve accessibility and usability for users with special needs and enhance learning performance for sighted users, particularly in spatial tasks. Users with dyslexia demonstrated effective information recall, while blind users could interact with and learn from the AR content without needing third-party assistive technologies, which is not possible with paper-based solutions. This study underscores the importance of incorporating UD principles in AR development to enhance accessibility and usability, ensuring that immersive technologies facilitate digital inclusion.
Correlations Between Socioeconomic Status (SES) and Biogeographic Ancestries: Indirect Evidence of SES Model Misspecification
Authors: Connor Gregory , Fuerst John , Hu Meng
Published: November 2024

New genomic technologies allow the apportionment of individuals’ genotyped DNA into admixture proportions traceable to historically isolated biogeographic ancestry (BGA) groups such as African, European, and Amerindian. These BGA admixture proportions have proven valuable in a wide range of recent epidemiological research. This paper performs a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies and finds that they reveal consistent patterns of correlation between BGA admixture proportions and socio-economic status (SES). Given this finding, the absence of BGA admixture proportions data from almost all extant economic analysis of individuals’ susceptibility to high/low socioeconomic status is indirect evidence for an omitted-variable bias in such analysis. Economic models of SES which do not consider BGA as a possible explanatory variable may be unreliable due to the potential confounding associated with this omitted variable.
Compensation as a Means of Proper Names Adaptation to Preserve a Humorous Effect Using the Example of Russian and English Translations of Comics about the Adventures of Asterix
Authors: Diachkov D. A.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. The article considers the adaptation of proper names in English and Russian translations of French comics about Asterix. The series of comics is entertaining and relies mainly on non-verbal humor and verbal humor, come out in the symbolism of names.

   The relevance of the study is associated with the growing number of content in which proper names and the meaning invested in them by the authors are symbolic.

   The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how compensation helps to preserve or, if preservation is impossible, having a different meaning, to convey the effect in a proper name so that the translation fits harmoniously into the text.

   Methodology and sources. The main research methods are semantic analysis by means of which the semantic content of the name in the original langauage is detrmined, and the comparative method, with the help of which the common properties and differences of proper names in the original and translations are identified, and how compensation helps to compensate for the loss of meaning, if it occurs. The empirical basis of the study was five issues of comics about the adventures of Asterix and their translations into Russian and English.

   Results and discussion. The most significant examples of proper names are examined in details, which includes: firstly, the linguistic techniques used by the authors of the original texts, and secondly, the decisions made by the translators, which depends both on the nature of the target language (English and Russian) and on the relationships between the image and text. The overwhelming majority of proper names have undergone semantic transformation, due to the impossibility of conveying the semantic content of the name using TL. Transformations were made either with an emphasis on the visual component or the personal qualities of the character.

   Conclusion. In the comics about Asterix, proper names play a important role, emphasizing the uniqueness of the works and their humorous tone. Considering the large number of comics, the analysis of these categories of language cannot be called comprehensive, but we can highlight the general principle according to which the adaptation took place. Thanks to compensation, the translators managed to maintain this tone, using it when transferring names.
Enabling On-Device Inference of Large Language Models : Challenges, Techniques, and Applications
Authors: Athul Ramkumar
Published: November 2024

This comprehensive article explores the cutting-edge techniques and challenges associated with on-device inference of Large Language Models (LLMs), a transformative approach that brings advanced AI capabilities directly to mobile and edge devices. The article delves into the intricate balance between the computational demands of LLMs and the resource constraints of mobile hardware, presenting a detailed analysis of various strategies to overcome these limitations. Key areas of focus include model compression techniques such as pruning and knowledge distillation, quantization methods, and the development of efficient model architectures. The article also examines the role of specialized hardware accelerators, including Neural Processing Units (NPUs), FPGAs, and ASICs, in enhancing on-device performance. Additionally, the article addresses critical aspects of memory management and optimization strategies crucial for efficient LLM deployment. Through a rigorous evaluation of performance metrics, the article offers insights into the trade-offs between model size, inference speed, and accuracy. It further explores diverse applications and use cases, from real-time language translation to privacy-preserving text analysis, highlighting the transformative potential of on-device LLM inference. The article concludes with an examination of ongoing challenges and future research directions, including improving energy efficiency, enhancing model adaptability, and addressing privacy and security concerns. This comprehensive article provides researchers, developers, and industry professionals with a thorough understanding of the current state and future prospects of on-device LLM inference, underlining its significance in shaping the next generation of AI-powered mobile and IoT applications.
Managing Large-Scale Internal Platform Evolution: AI-Assisted Tools and Techniques for Enterprise Engineering Teams
Authors: Vishnu Iyengar
Published: November 2024

As software organizations scale, the migration of internal platforms becomes increasingly critical yet exponentially more complex than traditional external platform migrations. This paper presents a comprehensive framework for managing large-scale internal platform migrations, addressing the unique challenges of transitioning business-critical systems used by thousands of engineers. We explore how organizational scale fundamentally transforms the nature of platform migration, requiring sophisticated approaches to maintain business continuity while preserving organization-specific workflows. The paper presents a comprehensive framework for approaching architectural design, development methodology, and migration execution, emphasizing the crucial role of automation and tooling infrastructure. We discuss the emerging role of AI in augmenting traditional migration approaches while maintaining the strict reliability requirements of internal platforms. By examining these various aspects of platform migration, we provide technical leaders with actionable frameworks for evolving critical internal infrastructure at scale. The paper demonstrates that successful internal platform migrations require a carefully orchestrated approach that balances standardization with organizational specificity, supported by comprehensive tooling and validation frameworks.
Pattern Analysis of Cyber Crime Incidents to Predict Occurrence and Selection of The Best Technology to Prevent IT
Authors: Sudhesh Kumar  , Prof. Dr. Minni Sinha
Published: November 2024

Cybercrime has become a significant global threat, affecting individuals, organizations, and governments alike. This research paper focuses on the pattern analysis of cyber crime incidents and aims to develop a predictive model to forecast its occurrence while selecting the most effective technology for prevention. Through an extensive literature review, we analyze existing research on cybercrime patterns, predictive modeling, and technologies for prevention. The study identifies the gaps in the current literature, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive approach that combines data-driven analysis with advanced cybersecurity technologies. The research methodology encompasses data collection from diverse sources, followed by rigorous data preprocessing and cleaning to ensure data quality. Machine learning algorithms and statistical methods are utilized for developing the predictive model. Evaluation metrics are employed to measure the model's performance and its ability to predict cybercrime incidents accurately. The pattern analysis of cybercrime incidents reveals various attack vectors, target sectors, and geographical distributions, providing crucial insights into the modus operandi of cybercriminals. This analysis forms the basis for building the predictive model, which can assist law enforcement agencies and cybersecurity professionals in anticipating and preventing cybercrime effectively. The findings of this research contribute significantly to the field of cybercrime prevention. The developed predictive model enhances early warning capabilities, enabling proactive measures against cyber threats. Additionally, the technology selection framework assists organizations in making informed decisions regarding cybersecurity investments.
Literature Review on Stages of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Kalpana K  , Dr. G. N. K. Suresh Babu
Published: November 2024

Colorectal cancer, primarily originating from polyps in the colon or rectum, represents a significant health challenge due to its potential progression to malignancy. Polyps, abnormal tissue growths in the inner lining of the colon or rectum, often start as benign adenomas. Over time, these adenomas may undergo cellular mutations, transforming into cancerous tumors. Early detection and removal of polyps during screening significantly reduce the likelihood of cancer development. If left untreated, colorectal cancer can invade deeper layers of the colon wall, metastasize to nearby lymph nodes, and spread to distant organs, commonly the liver, peritoneum, or lungs. Colon cancer typically originates in the mucosa, the innermost lining of the colon, and progresses through the tissue and muscle layers over a span of approximately 10 years. The anatomy of the colon and rectum, consisting of the cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum, plays a critical role in understanding the disease's progression. Advances in screening methods and treatments have significantly improved outcomes, emphasizing the importance of early intervention in reducing colorectal cancer mortality.
Pemanfaatan Artificial Intellegence (AI) dalam Meningkatkan Inklusi Ekonomi dan Keuangan
Authors: Masaguni Octaviani Suryaningsih , Patadjenu Waldi , Hasan Kurniadi K. , Amir Rahman , Pasisingi Mohamad Rizal
Published: November 2024

In the current digital era, economic and financial inclusion is a crucial issue in various countries including Indonesia. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) has great potential to improve economic and financial inclusion by providing easier, more efficient, and affordable access to financial and economic services for those who were previously marginalized. This research aims to identify Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be used to provide more inclusive financial services to those who are underserved, as well as to analyze its impact on the overall economic welfare of the community, especially Gorontalo city. This research used a descriptive qualitative approach, involving case studies and interviews with stakeholders. The results show that the utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) chatbots and virtual assistants has a significant impact on service and user satisfaction, as well as providing confidence in decision making so as to increase economic and financial inclusion for the community
The Impact of e-Service Quality on e-Satisfaction and Loyalty in BTN Mobile:
Authors: Easterina Benedicta Samantha
Published: November 2024

This research study the relationship and the impact of e-Service Quality on e-Satisfaction and loyalty in the BTN Mobile Banking users. This study uses modified dimensions of the E-SERVQUAL instrument to determine the e-SQ of BTN Mobile Banking service in JABODETABEK which are Personal Needs, Site Organization, User-friendliness and Efficiency. 103 respondents were involved in this study and the results showed E-SQ have significant impact to E-Satisfaction and Loyalty. Data analysis was performed using SEM-PLS. The limitations of this study are that the scope of the population is only in the special province of Jakarta, and the variables related to e-satisfaction are only emphasized from the perspective of user experience and interface while the research scope on e-satisfaction is very wide. The findings of this study show that in Internet banking, in addition to the technical and functional aspects of -SQ reflects the importance of contribution to e-satisfaction and e-loyalty.
 
Keywords: E-Service Quality, Loyalty, Customer Satisfaction, E-Satisfaction
AI in Healthcare Supply Chain Management: Enhancing Efficiency and Reducing Costs with Predictive Analytics
Authors: Fardin Sabahat Khan  , Abdullah Al Masum  , Jamaldeen Adam  , Md Rashidul Karim  , Sadia Afrin
Published: November 2024

This paper explores the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) and predictive analytics in enhancing operational efficiency within healthcare supply chains. By leveraging AI-driven business analytics, healthcare organizations can optimize inventory management, improve demand forecasting, and streamline supply chain processes. The study presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements, challenges, and opportunities in the integration of AI technologies, focusing on their application in various healthcare contexts. Through systematic analysis of existing literature, the findings emphasize the significance of adopting AI and predictive analytics for effective decision-making, cost reduction, and improved service delivery in healthcare. The research highlights the need for organizations to embrace digital transformation and foster a collaborative approach in the implementation of AI-driven solutions to enhance overall supply chain resilience.
React Strategy on Mathematical Reasoning Reviewed from Students’ Interest In Learning Mathematics
Authors: Majid  , Mahajani Roy S. , Abbas Nurhayati , Djakaria Ismail
Published: November 2024

This study aims to determine whether the REACT strategy effectively enhances students’ mathematical reasoning based on their interest in learning, specifically for students in class X at SMA Negeri 1 Asparaga. The study employed a quasi-experimental with a 2 × 2 treatment-by-level design, analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test. The findings are as follows: (1) The REACT strategy is more effective than conventional teaching methods in enhancing students’ interest in learning (Fcount = 27.230 > Ftable = 4.105) and average scores of 44.79 & 34.52; (2) There is a significant interaction between the teaching model and students’ interest in learning on their mathematical reasoning (Fcount = 7.534 > Ftable = 4.105); (3) Among students with high interest in learning, the REACT strategy outperforms the conventional model, with a significant result (calculated significance with SPSS v.23 = 1.000 > 0.05) and average scores of 57.50 & 44.11; (4) Among students with low interest in learning, the REACT strategy also demonstrates superiority over the conventional model in critical mathematical thinking, with a significant result (calculated significance with SPSS v.23 = 0.314 > 0.05) and average scores of 31.71 & 27.56.