bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tin-Can Hamlet and Other Shakespearean Negotiations in Ciaran Carson’s Poetry
Authors: Malmqvist Jenny
Published: February 2013

Examining Ciaran Carson’s (b. 1948) use of Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet and Hamlet in two of his poems, the article demonstrates how Carson appropriates earlier literary material to create new poems and how the activity of re-writing itself is an essential part of meaning-making. In “The Irish for No”, Romeo and Juliet is juxtaposed and contrasted with Belfast reality in order to emphasize what is particular in time and space as well as to draw our attention to the precariousness of perceptions and representations of reality. In “Hamlet”, Hamlet is taken as starting-point for examining form as an instrument of sense-making. Carson’s re-writings of Shakespeare Carson challenges the notion of stability in art, history, and convey that his method of composing poems through recycling is both an aesthetics and an ethics.
Bringing e-Business to the World's Largest Flower Auction
Authors: van Dantzig Tim , Boonstra Albert
Published: February 2013

This case history takes place at the biggest flower auction of the world, the Aalsmeer Flower Auction. Directors of the Aalsmeer Flower Auction felt that the Internet might play an important role in the future of their business. They believed that an active and leading position in applying electronic networks could secure and even strengthen their dominant position and that a policy of restraint could be a threat if other parties should enter this market with electronic auctions. At the end of the 1990s, they started various e-Business initiatives. The case study describes the different e-Business initiatives and the responses from suppliers, customers, managers and other stakeholders on each of these initiatives. Readers will be challenged to analyze this material and offer advice to the management of the auction about future directions with respect to e-business.
From Edison to MP3
Authors: Shayo Conrad , Guthrie Ruth
Published: February 2013

This case discusses the challenges facing the music recording industry through the eyes of two of its most influential trade associations: the RIAA and the IFPI. First, readers of the case will learn about (a) the history of the music recording industry and how new emerging and innovative technologies can impact individual organizations or entire industries and (b) the music industry value chain and its various stakeholders, for example, record labels, artists, composers, distributors, and retailers. Second, they will learn about (a) the strategic opportunities and business models being unleashed by the new emerging technologies, for example, MP3 and peer-to-peer networks and (b) the challenges facing music industry trade associations, such as the RIAA and the IFPI in protecting copyright in a digital age, reconciling conflicting goals of its members, and implementing new business models.
Office Depot's E-Commerce Evolution
Authors: Lee In
Published: February 2013

Office Depot Inc., founded in 1986, is currently known as one of the leaders in the office supplies industry. Office Depot’s distribution channels include stores, direct mail, contract delivery, and electronic commerce. In the mid-1990s, three major office supplies retailers (Office Depot, Staples, and Office Max) dominated the office supplies market. The entry barriers to the new entrants were extremely high due to the three retailers’ extensive distribution networks and physical stores. The competition among these retailers was also fierce in cities where all three stores existed. In 1997, Office Depot first introduced B2B e-commerce for larger corporate customers and realized that OfficeMax had already launched B2C e-commerce for the general public. In 1997, the executive committee of Office Depot worked with retail analysts and concluded that a full-scale move to e-commerce was an opportunity it must seize. To maintain the lead in the e-retailing race, Office Depot quickly launched B2C e-commerce in January of 1998. This case study investigates critical factors managers should take into consideration in adopting new e-commerce strategies and technologies that will leverage corporate resources.
iTalk
Authors: Robey Daniel , Jin Leigh
Published: February 2013

iTalk was founded in January 1999 and one year later successfully launched a free voicemail service across the entire U.S. The service was made possible by the development of proprietary software that interfaced iTalk’s Web and phone servers with the switched networks of the established U.S. telephone companies. iTalk immediately experienced phenomenal Web site traffic, rivaling established telecom providers such as AT&T. Although initially successful, iTalk later foundered in its efforts to generate revenues with services that customers would be willing to buy. Technical problems delayed deployment of new services, and relationships between iTalk’s engineers and operations personnel became strained. Facing these and other problems in the summer of 2001, iTalk was not in a strong position to go public or to raise additional funds from private investors. Worse, iTalk had become potential prey for takeover attempts.
Electronic Invoice Presentment and Payment
Authors: Wright David
Published: February 2013

This case study describes marketing options, systems architecture, and strategies for an IT company to enter the market for B2B EIPP (business-to-business electronic invoice presentment and payment). The organization explores the possibility of developing EIPP software and offering an EIPP service in competition with other EIPP services. The advantages of EIPP to potential customers and to the organization itself are described together with the option of partnering with a bank to offer the service.
New Forms of Collaboration and Information Sharing in Grocery Retailing
Authors: Pramatari Katerina , Doukidis Georgios I.
Published: February 2013

In spring 2001, Veropoulos, the third biggest retailer in Greece and three of its top suppliers together with a service provider, started a pilot implementation to experiment with collaborative store ordering. The pilot involved the ordering from the retailer’s stores to their central warehouse as well as to the direct-storedelivery suppliers. The four companies together with the service provider were starting an ambitious plan to use the Internet technology in order to enable the sharing of daily POS data between retail stores and suppliers with the objective to streamline the store replenishment process. This effort resulted in significant business results but at the same time several pitfalls and challenges as far as the use of technology was concerned.
A Microbial Metagenome (Leucobactersp.) inCaenorhabditisWhole Genome Sequences
Authors: Percudani Riccardo
Published: February 2013

DNA of apparently recent bacterial origin is found in the genomic sequences of Caenorhabditis angaria and Caenorhabditis remanei. Here we present evidence that the DNA belongs to a single species of the genus Leucobacter (high-GC Gram+Actinobacteria). Metagenomic tools enabled the assembly of the contaminating sequences in a draft genome of 3.2 Mb harboring 2,826 genes. This information provides insight into a microbial organism intimately associated with Caenorhabditis as well as a solid basis for the reassignment of 3,373 metazoan entries of the public database to a novel bacterial species ( Leucobacter sp. AEAR). The application of metagenomic techniques can thus prevent annotation errors and reveal unexpected genetic information in data obtained by conventional genomics.
Mathematical Modeling and Data Analysis of Nmr Experiments Using Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolites
Authors: Pagès Guilhem , Kuchel Philip W.
Published: February 2013

Rapid-dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) has made significant impact in the characterization and understanding of metabolism that occurs on the sub-minute timescale in several diseases. While significant efforts have been made in developing applications, and in designing rapid-imaging radiofrequency (RF) and magnetic field gradient pulse sequences, very few groups have worked on implementing realistic mathematical/kinetic/relaxation models to fit the emergent data.

The critical aspects to consider when modeling DNP experiments depend on both nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and (bio)chemical kinetics. The former constraints are due to the relaxation of the NMR signal and the application of ‘read’ RF pulses, while the kinetic constraints include the total amount of each molecular species present. We describe the model-design strategy we have used to fit and interpret our DNP results. To our knowledge, this is the first report on a systematic analysis of DNP data.
Multivariate analysis of stripe rust assessment and reactions of barley in multi-location nurseries
Authors: Xi K. , Chen X. M. , Capettini F. , Falconi E. , Yang R. C. , Helm J. H. , Holtz M. D. , Juskiw P. , Kumar K. , Nyachiro J. , Turkington T. K.
Published: February 2013

Xi, K., Chen, X. M., Capettini, F., Falconi, E., Yang, R. C., Helm, J. H., Holtz, M. D., Juskiw, P., Kumar, K., Nyachiro, J. and Turkington, T. K. 2013. Multivariate analysis of stripe rust assessment and reactions of barley in multi-location nurseries. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 209–219. A total of 1357 entries, mainly consisting of hulled two-row, hulled six-row and hulless barley, were evaluated in stripe rust nurseries at Toluca, Mexico during 2007, Quito, Ecuador during 2007 and 2008, and Pullman and Mt. Vernon, USA [Pacific Northwest (PNW)] during 2007–2009. Disease screening data for barley stripe rust resistance at multiple locations and seasons were analyzed using factor analysis (FA), principal component analysis (PCA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Factor analysis led to the removal of a number of disease assessment variables that had inadequate disease levels or an unsuitable rating scale. The PCA scores revealed that the two-row types of barley were generally more resistant than the six-row and hulless types. ANOVA indicated that the effect of seasonal influence on screening was small, while stripe rust susceptible and resistant barley types were differentiated significantly on mean values averaged on infection type (IT) and percentage diseased leaf area (disease severity, DS) during the 3-yr tests in multiple screening nurseries. The significant correlations in disease assessments between IT and DS suggest that either assessment can be used to replace the other without a significant loss of information regarding barley stripe rust reactions. The first principal component is a useful criterion for assessing stripe rust reactions in barley lines.
Stubble options for winter wheat in the Black soil zone of western Canada
Authors: Irvine R. B. , Lafond G. P. , May W. , Kutcher H. R. , Clayton G. W. , Harker K. N. , Turkington T. K. , Beres B. L.
Published: February 2013

Irvine, B. R., Lafond, G. P., May, W., Kutcher, H. R., Clayton, G. W., Harker, K. N., Turkington, T. K. and Beres, B. L. 2013. Stubble options for winter wheat in the Black soil zone of western Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 261–270. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production has yet to reach its full potential in the Canadian prairies. Alternative stubble types are needed to help overcome the challenge of timely planting of winter wheat in late-maturing canola (Brassica napus L.) fields. A study was conducted in the prairie provinces of Canada to determine ideal stubble types for winter wheat and select spring cereals grown in the Black soil zone. Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), canola, pea (Pisum sativum L.), barley grain or silage (Hordeum vulgare L.), and oat (Avena sativa L.) stubbles were established at four locations in western Canada. A new study area was established at each location for 3 yr. In the year following establishment, winter wheat, hard red spring wheat, barley, and oats were grown on each stubble type at each study area. Winter wheat and spring cereal crops often yielded best and had greater grain protein concentration on barley silage, pea, and canola stubbles relative to other stubble types. The yield and grain protein concentration of spring cereals was best when grown on pea stubble. Winter wheat production attributes varied most among site by crop combinations, and further investigation indicated the source of this variability may be from winter wheat plantings on canola and pea stubble. Among the optimal stubbles, less variable results were observed when winter wheat was grown on barley silage stubble, suggesting proper crop residue management would reduce the variability observed in canola and pea stubble. Our results suggest stubble alternatives to canola are available for winter wheat plantings in western Canada.
Trajectory analysis of atmospheric transport of fine particles, SO2, NOx and O3 to the SMEAR II station in Finland in 1996–2008
Authors: Riuttanen L. , Hulkkonen M. , Dal Maso M. , Junninen H. , Kulmala M.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. Trajectory statistical methods that combine in situ measurements of trace gas or particle concentrations and back trajectories calculated for corresponding times have proven to be a valuable approach in atmospheric research; especially in investigating air pollution episodes, but also in e.g. tracing the air mass history related to high vs. low concentrations of aerosol particles of different sizes at the receptor site. A concentration field method was fine-tuned to take the presumable horizontal error in calculated trajectories into account, tested with SO2 and validated by comparison against EMEP (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme) emission data. In this work we apply the improved method for characterizing the transport of atmospheric SO2, NOx, O3 and aerosol particles of different size modes to a Finnish measurement station located in Hyytiälä (61°51' N, 24°17' E). Our method did not reproduce the EMEP emission soures, but proved useful for qualitative analysis on where the measured compounds come from, from one measurement station point of view. We applied it to study trends and seasonal variation in atmospheric pollutant transport during 13 yr at the SMEAR II (Station for Measuring Ecosystem-Atmosphere Interactions) station.
Collision dynamics and uptake of water on alcohol-covered ice
Authors: Thomson E. S. , Kong X. , Marković N. , Papagiannakopoulos P. , Pettersson J. B. C.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. Molecular scattering experiments are used to investigate water interactions with methanol and n-butanol covered ice between 155 K and 200 K. The inelastically scattered and desorbed products of an incident molecular beam are measured and analyzed to illuminate molecular scale processes. The residence time and uptake coefficients of water impinging on alcohol-covered ice are calculated. The surfactant molecules are observed to affect water transport to and from the ice surface in a manner that is related to the number of carbon atoms they contain. Butanol films on ice are observed to reduce water uptake by 20%, whereas methanol monolayers pose no significant barrier to water transport. Water colliding with methanol covered ice rapidly permeates the alcohol layer, but on butanol water molecules have mean surface lifetimes of ≲ 0.6 ms, enabling some molecules to thermally desorb before reaching the water ice underlying the butanol. These observations are put into the context of cloud and atmospheric scale processes, where such surfactant layers may affect a range of aerosol processes, and thus have implications for cloud evolution, the global water cycle, and long term climate.
Optical, microphysical, mass and geometrical properties of aged volcanic particles observed over Athens, Greece, during the Eyjafjallajökull eruption in April 2010 through synergy of Raman lidar and sunphotometer measurements
Authors: Kokkalis P. , Papayannis A. , Amiridis V. , Mamouri R. E. , Veselovskii I. , Kolgotin A. , Tsaknakis G. , Kristiansen N. I. , Stohl A. , Mona L.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. Vertical profiles of the optical (extinction and backscatter coefficients, lidar ratio and Ångström exponent), microphysical (mean effective radius, mean refractive index, mean number concentration) and geometrical properties, as well as of the mass concentration of volcanic particles from the Eyjafjallajökull eruption were retrieved at selected heights over Athens, Greece using a multi-wavelength Raman lidar system and inversion models, during 21–24 April 2010. Additionally, Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) particulate columnar measurements indicated the presence of volcanic particles over our area. Simulations of the volcanic partilcles dispersion, done by the FLEXPART model, confirmed the presence of these particles over Athens. Our lidar data showed volcanic particles layers, in the form of filaments after 7-day transport from the source (approximately 4000 km away from our site) between from ground levels up to nearly 10 km. Over Athens the volcanic particles layers were found to be mixed with locally produced aerosols, inside the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL). Mean hourly-averaged lidar signals indicated that the layer thickness of volcanic particles, ranged between 1.5 and 2.2 km. The corresponding aerosol optical depth (AOD) found to vary from 0.014 to 0.184 at 355 nm and from 0.017 up to 0.174 at 532 nm. Furthermore, the corresponding lidar ratios (LR) ranged between 59.7–79.6 sr (at 355 nm) and 43.9–88.3 sr (at 532 nm). Additionally, we calculated that the mean effective radius of the volcanic particles was 0.13–0.38 μm, while their refractive index ranged from 1.39+0.009i to 1.48+0.006i. Finally, our data also allowed us to quantitatively compare, for the first time, the volcanic ash concentrations simulated by FLEXPART with those calculated by the inversion code LIRIC, using data sets derived from coincident lidar-AERONET measurements. In general, good agreement was found between simulations and observations, concerning not only the geometrical properties of the volcanic particles layers, but also the particles mass concentration, with a correlation coefficient of the order of 0.75.
Mangroves facing climate change: landward migration potential in response to projected scenarios of sea level rise
Authors: Di Nitto D. , Neukermans G. , Koedam N. , Defever H. , Pattyn F. , Kairo J. G. , Dahdouh-Guebas F.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. Mangrove forests prominently occupy an intertidal boundary position where the effects of sea level rise will be fast and well visible. This study in East Africa (Gazi Bay, Kenya) addresses the question whether mangroves can be resilient to a rise in sea level by focusing on their potential to migrate towards landwards areas. The combinatory analysis between remote sensing, DGPS-based ground truth and digital terrain models (DTM) unveils how real vegetation assemblages can shift under different projected (minimum (+9 cm), relative (+20 cm), average (+48 cm) and maximum (+88 cm)) scenarios of sea level rise (SLR). Under SLR scenarios up to 48 cm by the year 2100, the landward extension remarkably implies an area increase for each of the dominant mangrove assemblages, except for Avicennia marina and Ceriops tagal, both on the landward side. On one hand, the increase of most species in the first 3 scenarios, including the socio-economically most important species in this area, Rhizophora mucronata and C. tagal on the seaward side, strongly depends on the colonisation rate of these species. On the other hand, a SLR scenario of +88 cm by the year 2100 indicates that the area flooded only by equinoctial tides strongly decreases due to the topographical settings at the edge of the inhabited area. Consequently, the landward Avicennia-dominated assemblages will further decrease as a formation if they fail to adapt to a more frequent inundation. The topography is site-specific; however non-invadable areas can be typical for many mangrove settings.
19 May 2011 Kütahya – Simav earthquake and evaluation of existing sample RC buildings according to the TEC-2007 criteria
Authors: Arslan M. H. , Olgun M. , Köroğlu M. A. , Erkan I. H. , Köken A. , Tan O.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. This study examines the damage caused to reinforced concrete structures by the 2011 earthquake that occurred in Simav, Turkey. The study briefly reports on post-earthquake field observations, tectonic characteristics of the earthquake area, geotechnical characteristics of the field, and seismic characteristics of the earthquake. The main part of the study comprises a field study, material experiments, and performance analyses of two reinforced concrete buildings that survived the earthquake with medium level damage. The building performance was calculated and assessed according to the Turkish Earthquake Code requirements for existing building stock, and recommendations were made based on the findings.
Cultivation of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus HK-37) On Solid Sisal Waste Fractions Supplemented With Cow Dung Manure
Authors: Raymond Prosper , M. Mshandete Anthony , K. Kivaisi Amelia
Published: February 2013

Solid sisal waste fractions which included composted sisal boles and sisal leaves decortication residues supplemented with cow dung manure at various rates used singly and/or in combination as substrates were investigated for cultivation of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus HK-37). The effect of the test sisal waste substrates and cow dung manure of various supplementation rates were evaluated by mushroom yield, biological efficiency and mushroom size. Pinheads occurred in all substrates within 3 to 5 weeks of transfer of bags to the cropping room. The overall best results of mushroom production were obtained in a substrate combination of 50 % sisal leaves + 50 % sisal boles (based on 450 g wet weight substrate) supplemented by 30 % cow dung manure with the mushroom yield of 184.64 g fresh mushrooms/kg moist substrate weight and percentage biological efficiency (B.E) of about 63 %. Mushroom size of 6.10 was obtained in sisal boles substrate supplemented by 20 % cow dung manure. Least yield of 26.73 g fresh mushrooms/kg moist substrate weight and lowest B.E of 8.95 % were obtained from non-supplemented substrate of sisal leaves alone. The study concluded that, supplementation using cow dung manure may play an important role on increasing the yield and productivity of Pleurotus HK-37 on solid sisal waste fractions under the conditions investigated.
Economic Valuation of Jogjakarta's Tourism Attributes: A Contingent Ranking Analysis
Authors: Othman Jamal , Rahajeng Anggi
Published: February 2013

This paper employs the contingent ranking technique to estimate the economic benefits of selected tourism attributes in Jogjakarta, Indonesia. The attributes assessed are: the Mount Merapi volcanic view at Kaliurang Resort; the cultural-mystic and natural allure of Parangtritis Beach; the historical legacy of the Borobudur temple (the world's largest Buddhist monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site); and the living cultural heritage of Jogjakarta's Kraton or the King's palace. The study shows that the economic values of such attributes are substantial and that there is merit for an upward review of the admission fees for Borobudur and Kaliurang Resort.
Symptomatic Pectus Excavatum in Seniors: An Exploratory Study on Clinical Presentation and Incidence in Daily Practice
Authors: Winkens Ron A. G. , Guldemond Frank I. , Hoppener Paul F. H. M. , Kragten Hans A. , Knottnerus J. Andre
Published: February 2013

Objectives. Doctors all over the world consider a pectus excavatum usually as an incidental finding. There is some evidence suggesting that a pectus excavatum may cause symptoms in the elderly. It is not known how often a pectus excavatum occurs and how strong the relation is with symptoms. Methods. In hospitals and general practice data, we searched for evidence of a connection between cardiac symptoms and the presence of a pectus excavatum in a retrospective survey among patients in whom a pectus excavatum was found in a chest X-ray. In radiology reports, we searched for “pectus excavat*” in almost 160000 chest X-rays. The identified X-rays were reviewed by 2 radiologists. Reported symptoms were combined to a severity sum score and the relation with pectus excavatum was assessed through logistic regression. Results. Pectus excavatum was found in 1 to 2 per 1000 chest X-rays. In 32% of patients (N=117), we found symptoms that might reflect the presence of symptomatic pectus excavatum. We found a significant relation between the SPES sum score and the radiological level of pectus excavatum. Conclusions. A pectus excavatum found when examining the patient should not be neglected and should be considered as a possible explanation for symptoms like dyspnoea, fatigue, or palpitations.
Effect of Cryosoaking Time on Transition in Wear Mechanism of M2 Tool Steel
Authors: Dhokey N. B. , Dandawate J. V. , Rawat R.
Published: February 2013

Specimens of M2 were hardened (H) by quenching at 1200°C, triple tempered (TTT) at 400°C, and then cryogenically (C) treated at minus 185°C for varying lengths of time interval starting from 4 hours to 48 hours of cryosoaking followed by soft tempering at 100°C to relieve cold stresses (HTC). Underlying wear mechanism, hardness, and impact energy were studied and optimum cryosoaking time was established. It was felt that wear resistance of cryogenically treated material was influenced by the so-called tertiary carbides possibly produced as a result of cryogenic treatment.
Wireless Networks in Medium-sized Academic Libraries: A National Survey
Authors: Barnett-Ellis Paula , Charnigo Laurie
Published: February 2013

This study focuses on the adoption and use of wirelesstechnology by medium-sized academic libraries, based onresponses from eighty-eight institutions. Results indicatethat wireless networks are already available in manymedium-sized academic libraries and that respondentsfrom these institutions feel this technology is beneficial.
Distinctive Expertise: Multimedia, the Library, and the Term Paper of the Future
Authors: Mitchell Gregory A.
Published: February 2013

Multimedia will have a profound effect on libraries duringthe next decade. This rapidly developing technology permits the user to combine digital still images, video, animation, graphics, and audio. It can be delivered in a variety offinished formats, including streaming video on the Web,video on DVD/VCD, embedded digital objects within aWeb page or presentation software such as PowerPoint,utilized within graphic designs, or printed as hardcopy.This article examines the elements of multimedia creation,as well as requirements and recommendations for implementing a multimedia facility in the library.
Editorial: Editor Sings the Blues
Authors: Webb John
Published: February 2013

Editorial: Editor Sings the Blues
The E-rate Program and Libraries and Library Consortia, 2000-2004: Trends and Issues
Authors: Jaeger Paul T. , McClure Charles R. , Bertot John Carlo
Published: February 2013

The E-rate program has provided tremendous benefits to libraries, allowing many libraries and library systems to acquire technological equipment and services that would otherwise be too expensive, increasing the availability of public Internet access through libraries. This article analyzes the data related to the E-rate program and the discounts that it has provided to libraries and library systems between 2000 and 2004. By examining the E-rate data in a longitudinal manner, this article explores the trends in the application for and the provision of E-rate discounts to libraries and library consortia at national and state levels. The data suggest that, despite a number of controversies over the years, the program has provided a significant level of support for libraries and library consortia.
Is the Current Way of Constructing Corporate Authority Records Still Useful?
Authors: Jin Qiang
Published: February 2013

Catalogers have been establishing corporate body name headings (and other entities) in their original language in the official form, as they appear most frequently on the title pages of publications for print publications, for many years. A random sample of corporate headings from the Library of Congress Name Authority File created during 1998–2002 was searched on the Web via Google to find corporate Web pages. The purpose of this research is to begin to answer the question: Does the current way of constructing corporate authority records still help users find resources by and about corporate bodies in the online public access catalog in this Web-oriented environment?
Design Considerations for Multilingual Web Sites
Authors: Starr Joan
Published: February 2013

The most powerful marketing, service, and information-distribution tool a library has today is its Web site, but providing Web content in many languages is complex. Before allocating scarce technical and financial resources, it is valuable to learn about writing systems, types of writing, how computers render and represent writing systems, and to study potential problem areas and their possible solutions. The accepted Web standard for presenting languages is Unicode and a full understanding of its history and the coding tools it provides is essential to making appropriate decisions for specific multilingual and internationalization projects. Actual coding examples, as well as a sampling of existing multilingual library services, also serve to illuminate the path of implementation.
Editorial: Information Technology Dissonance
Authors: Webb John
Published: February 2013

Editorial: Information Technology Dissonance
Index to Volume 24
Authors: Anderson Charles
Published: February 2013

Index to Volume 24
Editorial: LITA and ITAL: Forty and Still Counting
Authors: Webb John
Published: February 2013

Editorial: LITA and ITAL: Forty and Still Counting
Bibliographic Displays in Web Catalogs: Does Conformity to Design Guidelines Correlate with User Performance?
Authors: Cheery Joan M. , Muter Paul , Szigeti Steve J.
Published: February 2013

The present study investigated whether there is a correlation between user performance and compliance with screen-design guidelines found in the literature. Rather than test individual guidelines and their interactions, the authors took a more holistic approach and tested a compilation of guidelines. Nine bibliographic display formats were scored using a checklist of eighty-six guidelines. Twenty-seven participants completed ninety search tasks using the displays in a simulated Web environment. None of the correlations indicated that user performance was statistically significantly faster with greater conformity to guidelines. In some cases, user performance was actually significantly slower with greater conformity to guidelines. In a supplementary study, a different set of forty-three guidelines and the user performance data from the main study were used. Again, none of the correlations indicated that user performance was statistically significantly faster with greater conformity to guidelines.
Content Management for the Virtual Library
Authors: Salazar Ed
Published: February 2013

Traditional, larger libraries can rely on their physical collection, coffee shops, and study rooms as ways to entice patrons into their library. Yet virtual libraries merely have their online presence to attract students to resources. This can only be achieved by providing a fully functional site that is well designed and organized, allowing patrons to navigate and locate information easily. One such technology significantly improving the overall usefulness of Web sites is a content management system (CMS). Although the CMS is not a novel technology per se, it is a technology smaller libraries cannot afford to ignore. In the fall of 2004, the Northcentral University Electronic Learning Resources Center (ELRC), a small, virtual library, moved from a static to a database-driven Web site. This article explains the importance of a CMS for the virtual or smaller library and describes the methodology used by ELRC to complete the project.
Guest Editorial: Organizational Structure--Yesterday Informs the Present
Authors: Hirst Donna
Published: February 2013

Guest Editorial: Organizational Structure--Yesterday Informs the Present
Search across Different Media: Numeric Data Sets and Text Files
Authors: Buckland Michael , Chen Aitao , Gey Fredric C. , Larson Ray R.
Published: February 2013

Digital technology encourages the hope of searching across and between different media forms (text, sound, image, numeric data). Topic searches are described in two different media: text files and socioeconomic numeric databases and also for transverse searching, whereby retrieved text is used to find topically related numeric data and vice versa. Direct transverse searching across different media is impossible. Descriptive metadata provide enabling infrastructure, but usually require mappings between different vocabularies and a search-term recommender system. Statistical association techniques and natural-language processing can help. Searches in socioeconomic numeric databases ordinarily require that place and time be specified.
OPAC Design Enhancements and Their Effects on Circulation and Resource Sharing within the Library Consortium Environment
Authors: Bennett Michael J.
Published: February 2013

A longitudinal study of three discrete online public access catalog (OPAC) design enhancements examined the possible effects such changes may have on circulation and resource sharing within the automated library consortium environment. Statistical comparisons were made of both circulation and interlibrary loan (ILL) figures from the year before enhancement to the year after implementation. Data from sixteen libraries covering a seven-year period were studied in order to determine the degree to which patrons may or may not utilize increasingly broader OPAC ILL options over time. Results indicated that while ILL totals increased significantly after each OPAC enhancement, such gains did not result in significant corresponding changes in total circulation.
President's Column
Authors: Postlethwaite Bonnie
Published: February 2013

President's Column
Public Libraries and Internet Access across the United States: A Comparison by State 2004–2006
Authors: Jaeger Paul T. , Bertot John Carlo , McClure Charles R. , Rodriguez Miranda
Published: February 2013

Drawing upon findings from a national survey of U.S. public libraries, this paper examines trends in Internet and public computing access in public libraries across states from 2004 to 2006. Based on library-supplied information about levels and types of Internet and public computing access, the authors offer insights into the network-based content and services that public libraries provide. Examining data from 2004 to 2006 reveals trends and accomplishments in certain states and geographic regions. This paper details and discusses the data, identifies and analyzes issues related to Internet access, and suggests areas for future research.
President’s Message: Doing Something about Life’s Persistent Problems?
Authors: Beatty Mark
Published: February 2013

President’s Message: Doing Something about Life’s Persistent Problems?
Editorial
Authors: Truitt Marc
Published: February 2013

Editorial
An Assessment of Student Satisfaction with a Circulating Laptop Service
Authors: Feldmann Louise , Wess Lindsey , Moothart Tom
Published: February 2013

Since May of 2000, Colorado State University’s (CSU) Morgan Library has provided a laptop computer lending service. In five years the service had expanded from 20 to 172 laptops. Although the service was deemed a success, users complained about slow laptop startups, lost data, and lost wireless connections. In the fall of 2005, the program was formally assessed using a customer satisfaction survey. This paper discusses the results of the survey and changes made to the service based on user feedback.
From Our Readers: Virtues and Values in Digital Library Architecture
Authors: Cyzyk Mark
Published: February 2013

From Our Readers:Virtues and Values in Digital Library Architecture
Are PDF Documents Accessible?
Authors: Turró Mireia Ribera
Published: February 2013

Adobe PDF is one of the most widely used formats in scientific communications and in administrative documents. In its latest versions it has incorporated structural tags and improvements that increase its level of accessibility. This article reviews the concept of accessibility in the reading of digital documents and evaluates the accessibility of PDF according to the most widely established standards.
Classification of Library Resources by Subject on the Library Website: Is There an Optimal Number of Subject Labels?
Authors: Miles Mathew J. , Bergstrom Scott J.
Published: February 2013

The number of labels used to organize resources by subject varies greatly among library websites. Some librarians choose very short lists of labels while others choose much longer lists. We conducted a study with 120 students and staff to try to answer the following question: What is the effect of the number of labels in a list on response time to research questions? What we found is that response time increases gradually as the number of the items in the list grow until the list size reaches approximately fifty items. At that point, response time increases significantly. No association between response time and relevance was found.
Editorial Board Thoughts: The Ten Commandments of Interacting with Nontechnical People
Authors: Dehmlow Mark
Published: February 2013

Editorial Board Thoughts: The Ten Commandments of Interacting with Nontechnical People
Success Factors and Strategic Planning: Rebuilding an Academic Library Digitization Program
Authors: Lampert Cory , Vaughan Jason
Published: February 2013

This paper discusses a dual approach of case study and research survey to investigate the complex factors in sustaining academic library digitization programs. The case study involves the background of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) Libraries’ digitization program and elaborates on the authors’ efforts to gain staff support for this program. A related survey was administered to all Association of Research Libraries (ARL) members, seeking to collect baseline data on their digital collections, understand their respective administrative frameworks, and to gather feedback on both negative obstacles and positive inputs affecting their success. Results from the survey, combined with the authors’ local experience, point to several potential success factors including staff skill sets, funding, and strategic planning.
Information Discovery Insights Gained from MultiPAC, a Prototype Library Discovery System
Authors: Dolski Alex A.
Published: February 2013

At the University of Nevada Las Vegas Libraries, as in most libraries, resources are dispersed into a number of closed “silos” with an organization-centric, rather than patron-centric, layout. Patrons frequently have trouble navigating and discovering the dozens of disparate interfaces, and any attempt at a global overview of our information offerings is at the same time incomplete and highly complex. While consolidation of interfaces is widely considered to be desirable, certain challenges have made it elusive in practice.
Editorial Board Thoughts: Issue Introduction to Student Essays
Authors: Shores Sandra
Published: February 2013

Editorial Board Thoughts:Issue Introduction to Student Essays
Usability Studies of Faceted Browsing: A Literature Review
Authors: Fagan Jody Condit
Published: February 2013

Faceted browsing is a common feature of new library catalog interfaces. But to what extent does it improve user performance in searching within today’s library catalog systems? This article reviews the literature for user studies involving faceted browsing and user studies of “next-generation” library catalogs that incorporate faceted browsing. Both the results and the methods of these studies are analyzed by asking, What do we currently know about faceted browsing? How can we design better studies of faceted browsing in library catalogs? The article proposes methodological considerations for practicing librarians and provides examples of goals, tasks, and measurements for user studies of faceted browsing in library catalogs.
Web Services and Widgets for Library Information Systems
Authors: Back Godmar , Bailey Annette
Published: February 2013

As more libraries integrate information from web services to enhance their online public displays, techniques that facilitate this integration are needed. This paper presents a technique for such integration that is based on HTML widgets. We discuss three example systems (Google Book Classes, Tictoclookup, and MAJAX) that implement this technique. These systems can be easily adapted without requiring programming experience or expensive hosting.
Editorial Board Thoughts: Adding Value in the Internet Age--Libraries, Openness, and Programmers
Authors: Dehmlow Mark
Published: February 2013

Editorial Board Thoughts: Adding Value in the Internet Age--Libraries, Openness, and Programmers
Editorial: Why Is ITAL Important?
Authors: Marmion Dan
Published: February 2013

Editorial: Why Is ITAL Important?
An Evolutive Process to Convert Glossaries into Ontologies
Authors: Hilera José R. , Pagés Carmen , Martínez J. Javier , Gutiérrez J. Antonio , De-Marcos Luis
Published: February 2013

This paper describes a method to generate ontologies from glossaries of terms. The proposed method presupposes an evolutionary life cycle based on successive transformations of the original glossary that lead to products of intermediate knowledge representation (dictionary, taxonomy, and thesaurus). These products are characterized by an increase in semantic expressiveness in comparison to the product obtained in the previous transformation, with the ontology as the end product. Although this method has been applied to produce an ontology from the “IEEE Standard Glossary of Software Engineering Terminology,” it could be applied to any glossary of any knowledge domain to generate an ontology that may be used to index or search for information resources and documents stored in libraries or on the Semantic Web.
Pour une sociologie de l’écart. Affiliation et différenciation dans les processus de socialisation et d’urbanisation
Authors: Dorso Franck
Published: February 2013

Le texte aborde la question de la tension entre homogénéisation et différenciation à partir des usages informels et illégaux de la ville. Au-delà des condamnations dont ils font l’objet, ces usages remplissent des rôles essentiels de régulation, au Nord comme au Sud, en termes économiques, urbains, sociaux, politiques. Ils constituent des formes de soupape des processus d’urbanisation mais aussi, plus globalement, de socialisation. Ils permettent dans ce registre des épisodes de retrait ou de transgression vis-à-vis du contexte normatif, sans pour autant remettre en cause l’ordre social. Cette logique de l’écart renvoie à la tension affiliation normative-différenciation qui innerve la socialisation. Le texte explore la dynamique de cette tension, comme une modalité du couple homogénéisation-différenciation, ainsi que ses implications en termes sociologiques et d’action urbanistique.
Some vector borne parasites in Swedish reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L).
Authors: Rehbinder Claes
Published: February 2013

A review presented at the Fifth European Regional Meeting of the Society for Vector Ecology, September 2.-6. 1990, Uppsala, Sweden. The clinical and pathological manifestations as well as some meat hygienic aspects of Megatrypanum trypanosomes, Babesia divergens, Setaria tundrae, Onchocerca tarsicola and Lappnema auris infections in reindeer are reported on.

Vektorburna parasiter hos svensk ren.

Abstract in Swedish / Sammanfatting: En oversikt presenterad vid «the Fifth European Regional Meeting of the Society for Vector Ecology», September 2.-6. 1990, Uppsala, Sverige. Kliniska och patologiska manifestationer liksom i viss utsträckning livsmedelshygieniska aspekter diskuteras med avseende på infektioner med Vektorburna parasiter hos svensk ren. trypanosomer, Babesia divergens, Setaria tundrae, Onchocerca tarsicola och Lappnema auris.
Radiation effects in reindeer
Authors: Jones Bernt
Published: February 2013

With the present level of radiocesium contamination, direct radiation effects have been hypothesised.
Impact of soil scarification on reindeer pastures
Authors: Eriksson Olof , Raunistola Tuomo
Published: February 2013

During recent years, soil scarification has become a standard procedure for improving seed beds after logging. Around 57 000 ha were treated, primarily through harrowing and ploughing, in the counties of Vâsterbotten and Norbotten during 1985. The positive effects of scarification, from a forestry point of view, are improved access to plant nutrients, raised soil temperatures and reduces surface moisture. The aim of the present study was to describe long-term changes in the ground vegetation following scarification. Harrowing affects 45-55% of the plant cover while ploughing affects 65-90%. 10 years after ploughing and harrowing about 20% of the surface is still without vegetation. Real long-term effects remain in dispute. It has been claimed that ploughing, at least, may lead to irreversible changes.
Variation in quality of caribou and reindeer forage plants associated with season, plant part, and phenology
Authors: Klein David R.
Published: February 2013

Plant parts used as forage by caribou and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) have been collected in conjunction with studies of foraging dynamics, nutrition, growth, and population ecology of this arctic ungulate over the course of several years in Alaska and other circumpolar areas. These samples were subjected to proximal analyses for percent nitrogen, phosphorus, sodium, carbohydrate, cell wall (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin, cellulose, and residual ash, and treated to determine in vitro and nylon bag dry matter digestibility (DMD). Among winter vascular plant forage only carbohydrates showed a positive correlation with digestibility, wheras in summer nitrogen, phosphorus, and in some cases sodium, also are positively correlated with digestibility. Forage from shrubs and forbs in early summer had higher nitrogen and carbohydrate levels than later in the season, wheras graminoids show an increase in these levels during the first few weeks of growth. Floral parts during anthesis showed higher nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbohydrate levels and higher digestibility than corresponding leaf material. The annual dietary cycle is the product of adjustment of the physiological cycle to seasonal fluctuation in forage quality and quantity.
A life table for female barren-ground caribou in north-central Canada
Authors: Thomas Donald C. , Barry Samuel J.
Published: February 2013

A survivorship curve and cohort-specific life table were developed for female barren-ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) sampled from the Beverly herd from 1980 through 1987. Significant (P~< 0.05)differences among yearly samples in the age distributions of females>2.5 years old were attributed to sampling error and real cohort size fluctuations caused by variations in productivity. Pooled data overcame much of that variation and the resultant quadratic-fit curve and life table are believed to yield about average survival/mortality statistics over the 8-year sampling period. Mortality rates increased progressively from 10.6% between age 2 and 3 years to 22.4% between age 10 and 11 years and accelerated thereafter.
Life history of the reindeer sinus worm, Linguatula arctica (Pentastomida), a prevalent parasite in reindeer calves
Authors: Haugerud Rolf Egil , Nilssen Arne C.
Published: February 2013

Three hypotheses of life cycle have been tested. A direct transmission to reindeer hosts with monoxenous development is the most probable. Abundant parasites are generally thought to have much impact on host populations. When assessing potential damage in reindeer calves, it is essential to look at the total parasitic effect on infracommunity level.