Differential effects of endothelin‐1 on the vasorelaxant properties of benzopyran and non‐benzopyran potassium channel openers
Authors: Lawson Kim , Barras Martine , Zazzi‐Sudriez Eliette , Martin Denis J. , Armstrong J. Michael , Hicks Peter E. 
Published: July 2012

. The effects of endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) on the vasorelaxant properties of structurally different potassium channel openers (PCOs), BRL‐38227, Ro 31–6930, SDZ PCO 400, EMD‐52692, RP‐49356 and pinacidil, were studied.

. All PCOs evoked concentration‐related relaxations of ET‐1 (10 nm) or KCl (20 mm) contracted rat isolated aortic rings denuded of endothelium. BRL‐38227, EMD 52692, SDZ PCO 400 and Ro 31–6930 were 11–42 times less potent in relaxing contractions to ET‐1 than KCl. In contrast, this differential potency was not observed with RP‐49356 or pinacidil.

. BRL‐38227 (0.06–3.0 μm), RP‐49356 (0.3–3.0 μm) and pinacidil (0.3–3.0 μm) displaced KCl concentration‐response curves to the right of controls, without modifying the maximum response. A subcontractile concentration of ET‐1 (0.1 nm) prevented the inhibitory effects of low concentrations of BRL‐38227 (0.06–0.1 μm) on KCl responses, but failed to modify those to RP‐49356, pinacidil or high concentrations of BRL‐38227 (0.3–3.0 μm). The inhibitory effects of BRL‐38227 (0.1 μm) were also not changed by ET‐3 (1.0 nm) or angiotensin II (0.1 nm).

. In anaesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), cumulative bolus intravenous administrations of BRL‐38227 (1–100 μg kg−1, i.v.), Ro 31–6930 (1–1000 μg kg−1, i.v.), RP‐49356 (10–1000 μg kg−1, i.v.) or nitrendipine (0.1–30 μg kg−1, i.v.) produced dose‐dependent falls in diastolic blood pressure (DBP). ET‐1 (i.v.) evoked a transient fall in DBP (1 μg kg−1 = 58 ± 1 mmHg) which returned to pre‐administration levels within 4 min.

. Pretreatment of anaesthetized SHR with ET‐1 (1 μg kg−1, i.v.) significantly increased the ED15 (dose to evoke a 15% fall in DBP) values for BRL‐38227 and Ro 31–6930. However, ET‐1 failed to modify the ED15 values for RP‐49356 or nitrendipine. The ED50 values for all of the vasodilators studied were not modified by ET‐1.

6. Infusion of BRL‐38227 (2 μg kg−1 min−1, i.v.) or RP‐49356 (4 μg kg−1 min−1, i.v.) to anaesthetized SHR evoked dose‐related falls in DBP, with a corresponding increase in descending aortic blood flow (DABF) and a decrease in total lower body vascular resistance (TLBVR). Pretreatment with ET‐1 (1 μg kg−1, i.v.) significantly attenuated the decreases in DBP and TLBVR observed with low doses of BRL‐38227, but not RP‐49356 or high doses of BRL‐38227. In contrast, ET‐3 (3 μg kg−1, i.v.) failed to modify the effects of BRL‐38227 on DBP or TLBVR.

7. In conscious SHR, the fall in DBP to BRL‐38227 (30 μg kg−1, p.o.) was significantly reduced following ET‐1 (1 μg kg−1, i.a.) treatment. ET‐1 (1 μg kg−1, i.a.) pretreatment, however, failed to modify the decrease in DBP induced by an equieffective oral dose of RP‐49356 (100 μg kg−1).

8. In conclusion, ET‐1 selectively attenuated the vasorelaxant effects of the potassium channel opener, BRL‐38227 and other substituted benzopyrans. The results are compatible with the hypothesis that benzopyran PCOs and ET‐1 have affinity for a site that does not recognise RP‐49356 or pinacidil. Thus, ET‐1 can differentiate between structurally unrelated potassium channel openers. The cardiovascular effects of some, but not all, PCOs might be radically modified in the clinical setting by elevated endogenous levels of ET‐1 associated with certain diseased states.