bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VB-3: A PROMISING BLACK GRAM VARIETY WITH WIDE ADAPTABILITY
Authors:   National Pules Research Center, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,Vamban Colony 622 303., G VIJAYAKUMAR , S MURUGESAN ,   National Pules Research Center, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,Vamban Colony 622 303., N RAMAMOORTHI ,   National Pules Research Center, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,Vamban Colony 622 303., P VEERABADHIRAN ,   National Pules Research Center, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,Vamban Colony 622 303., . KEHANGIR ,   National Pules Research Center, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,Vamban Colony 622 303., N NADARAAN ,   National Pules Research Center, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,Vamban Colony 622 303.
Published: July 2023

VB-3 black gram, is a spontaneous mutant selection from the variety Type-9. It matures in 65 days. It is an erect dwarf with an average height of 25 to 30 cm. It is resistant to yellow mosaic virus disease, suitable for kharif season. The average grain yield is about 1000kg per ha. It has wider adaptability to varied climatic zones such as South, Central and North Himalayan zones of India. Based on the yield superiority over the check varieties, VB-3 has been identified by the Central varietal identification Committee for release in 1995.
ADT 1: A NEW SOYBEAN VARIETY FOR CAUVERY DELTA RICE - FALLOW CULTIVATION
Authors:   Soil and Water Management Research Institute,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Kattuthottam 613 501, R VAITHILINGAM , S KALAIMANI ,   Soil and Water Management Research Institute,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Kattuthottam 613 501, C NATARAJAMOORTHY ,   Soil and Water Management Research Institute,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Kattuthottam 613 501
Published: July 2023

A culture UGM 33, is a pureline selection from 'Hill'. It was high yielding under 'Cauvery delta rice- fallow cultivation and released as ADT 1. It possesses erect, compact and medium plant stature (70 cm), with cream coloured seeds, 2 to 3 in a pod with velvetty hairs. The duration is 85- 90 days. Main yield is 1274 kg/ha. Seeds contain 30% protein and 29% oil and no beany flavour.
CO-3: A NEW SUNFLOWER VARIETY FOR TAMIL NADU
Authors:   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, C.S SRIDHARAN , S KALAIMANI ,   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, B SUBBALAKSHMI ,   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, R.K PALLIKONDAPERUMAL ,   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, S THANGAVELU ,   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, M RANGASWAMY ,   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: July 2023

TNAU SUF 10 Sunflower is a gamma irradiated mutant of Co2. It is an open-pollinated variety maturing in 90 days and outyielded standard varieties Co2 and Morden. The plants are tall with greater head diameter. The seed contains 38.3 percent oil. It is highly suitable for the districts in western zone, north western zone and southern zones of Tamil Nadu for kharif (rainfed) and rabi. It was released as Co3 sunflower for Tamil Nadu to replace Co2 and Morden varieties.
CO2: A NEW SHORT DURATION SOYBEAN VARIETY
Authors:   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, K GANESAMURTHY , C NATARAJAN ,   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, R RATHNASWAMY ,   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, P NAGARAJAN ,   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, P RAMASAMY ,   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, P GOMATHINAYAGAM ,   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, P VEERABADHIRAN ,   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, N SUNDARAM ,   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: July 2023

An improved short duration (75-80 days), dwarf, determinate, compact, non shattering Co2 soybean variety has been released for general cultivation in Tamil Nadu. It was from the culture UGM 52, a hybrid derivative of UGM 21 x JS 335 and recorded a seed yield of 1341 Kg/ha as against 1235 Kg/ha by Co 1.
EVALUATION OF INSECTICIDES FOR CONTROL OF PAINTEDBUG ON TARAMIRA
Authors:   Agricultural Research Station , Rajastan Agricultural University, Bikaner Campus Mandor Jodhpur 342 304, D.B AHUJA , M.L JOSHI ,   Agricultural Research Station , Rajastan Agricultural University, Bikaner Campus Mandor Jodhpur 342 304
Published: July 2023

A field experiment was conducted during rabi 1986-87 with RTM-2 variety of rocket (Eruca sativa Miller) to evaluate the efficacy of seven insecticides against painted bug. Bagradu hilaris Burm. The sprays of malathion; 0.05 per cent, dimethoate 0.03 per cent and monocrotophos 0.036 per cent were found effective for control of this pest.
MDU 4: A HIGH YIELDING COLD TOLERANT RICE.
Authors:   Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Madurai 625 104 Tamil Nadu, A RAMALINGAM , M MAHESWARAN ,   Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Madurai 625 104 Tamil Nadu, M SUBRAMANIAN ,   Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Madurai 625 104 Tamil Nadu, RATHINAM AMIRTHADEVA ,   Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Madurai 625 104 Tamil Nadu, SUBRAMANIAN SUKANYA ,   Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Madurai 625 104 Tamil Nadu, G SOUNDARAPANDIAN ,   Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Madurai 625 104 Tamil Nadu
Published: July 2023

ACM 16 (AC 2836/Jeganath) was an introduced genotype in to Tamil Nadu from Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack through Directorate of Rice Research trials. It is short statured with high tillering ability and non-lodging culms. It matures in 120- 125 days. It tolerates the cold stress at all stages of growth and produced low spikelet sterility (7.8%) as compared to IR.20 (13.7%) in cold stress areas. ACM 16 has recorded a mean grain yield of 5882 kg/ha under cold stress condition. It is resistant to blast, sheath rot, white backed planthopper and grain discoloration and moderately resistant to brown spot and brown planthopper. Hence it was released as a new rice variety MDU 4 for cold stress areas of Madurai, Salem and Dharmapuri Districts.
EVALUATION OF SENNA
Authors:   Horticultural College and Research Institute, Periyakulam 626 604, R SANKARANARAYANAN
Published: July 2023

In the evaluation of senna types during the year 1981-82 the pod yield was significantly correlated with plant height, number of branches, length of racemes, number of pods set per raceme at 100 days, length of pods, yield of pods at 25 days and and sennoside content of pods at 25 days. High GCV estimates was observed for total yield of leaves. Plant height and length of leaves exhibited the highest positive direct effect on leaf yield where as plant height, number of branches and number of pods set per raceme exhibited the highest positive direct effect on pod yield.
EFFECT OF SOURCE SINK MANIPULATION ON NODULATION, DRY MATTER PRODUCTION AND SEED YIELD OF BLACK GRAM
Authors:   Department of Plant Pathalogy,Sri Venkateshwara Agrl College, Tirupati 571502A.P, J.S PRAKASA RAO
Published: July 2023

The effect of alteration in source through defoliation or shading or the sink through deflowering on yield and associated parameters was studied on black gram cv. T9. The data indicated greater source below six node helps in better nodulation and N content, while the leaves above seventh node influence pod yield. Deflowering revealed that there was competition for assimilates between growth of nodules and developing pods. The decrease in yield under low light was due to a decrease in DMP due to poor photosynthesis. The investigation suggests existence of possible limitation of source in determining the yield of black gram.
GROWTH ANALYSIS IN LINSEED
Authors:   Regional Research Station,Bijapur, . ARJUNSHARMA , HUMSIGI GURURAJ ,   Regional Research Station,Bijapur, B.G MOORTHY ,   Regional Research Station,Bijapur, S.A DESAI ,   Regional Research Station,Bijapur
Published: July 2023

Sowing of two genotypes of linseed (DPL-21 and KL-31) on two spacings (10 x 10 cm and 30 x 10 cm) and four levels of nitrogen (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg/ha) showed that KL-31 recorded more leaf area, LAI, LAD, AGR, CGR, total dry matter accumulation (except 30 DAS) at all crop growth stages, Grain, straw and fibre yield were also highest in this genotype. The spacing of 10 x 10 cm recorded highest LAI, LAD and CGR but at this spacing. leaf area and AGR were minimum. The maximum DMA and grain yield were seen in the case of 30 x 10 cm spacing. However, straw and fibre yield were maximum at 10 x10 cm spacing. All the growth analysis functions, dry matter accumulations at all crop growth stages and grain, straw yield were on the increase with increasing N-levels.
CORRELATION AND PATH ANALYSIS IN SWEET PEARL MILLET
Authors:   Department of Forage Crops, Agricultual College and Research Institute,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, S KARTHIGEYAN , A.K FAZLULLAHKHAN ,   Department of Forage Crops, Agricultual College and Research Institute,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, N SENTHIL ,   Department of Forage Crops, Agricultual College and Research Institute,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003
Published: July 2023

Four male stérile lines were crossed with 19 testers and the resultant 76 hybrids were utilised for correlation and path analysis. The correlation studies showed yield having a strong positive association with earhead weight and plant height. Path analysis revealed earhead weight exerting the highest positive direct effect on grain yield.
EFFECT OF INTERCROPPING OF BLACK GRAM GENOTYPES ON THE SEED COTTON YIELDS UNDER RAINFED VERTISOLS
Authors:   Agricultural Research Station,Tamilnadu Agricultural University,Kovilpatti 628 510 Tamilnadu., S KRISHNASAMY , A.A DASON ,   Agricultural Research Station,Tamilnadu Agricultural University,Kovilpatti 628 510 Tamilnadu., K VAIRAVAN ,   Agricultural Research Station,Tamilnadu Agricultural University,Kovilpatti 628 510 Tamilnadu.
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT Field investigations were carried out at the Agricultural Research Station, Kovilpatti during 1990-91 and 1991-92 to find out the effect of intercropping of black gram genotypes on the yields of Gossypium hirsutum and G.arboreum cotton varieties viz. MCU 10 and K 10 under rainfed vertisols. It was observed that cotton intercropped with black gram genotypes KBG 512 recorded a mean seed cotton yield of 602 kg/ha with MCU 10 and 1073 kg with K 10, respectively. Net monetary returns and LER were also higher when cotton was intercropped with black gram genotype KBG 512. The other black gram genotypes tested reduced the cotton yield in both the species of cotton varieties.
GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN THREE SPECIES OF Vigna
Authors:   Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agrl,University Coimbatore 641003, K RENGANAYAKI , S.R SREE RANGASAMY ,   Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agrl,University Coimbatore 641003
Published: July 2023

The present investigation was to study the genetic divergence among the three species of Vigna viz., V.radiata, V.mungo and V.unguiculata based on biometrical, crossability and biochemical means. Biometrical study revealed that the genotype of the three species resolved into distinct clusters and remained exclusive of the other species. Canonical analysis grouping supported the pattern arrived by D statistics indicating that 100 seed weight, pod length and seed yield are the potent characters causing divergence among the three species. Crossability studies revealed that the cross between V.radiata and V.mungo was successful and its reciprocal was a failure indicating one way compatability. The protein pattern showed striking similarity between the three species yet there were some bands which were unique in each of the species that may be well utilized as genetic markers for detection of interspecific cross. The hybrids between V.radiata and V.mungo showed low pollen and seed fertility. Though the hybrid showed sterility and breakdown in F2, there is ample scope to transfer useful characters of V.mungo to V.radiata.
DESENVOLVIMENTO REGIONAL NO BAIXO AMAZONAS, PARÁ
Authors: Bandeira Felipe de Lima , Santos Marco Aurélio Oliveira , Soares Francisco Igo Leite , Mota Anne Gabriella Salgado dos Santos
Published: July 2023

Este livro foi resultado da soma de esforços de pesquisadores e pesquisadoras que se debruçaram sobre as dimensões materiais do desenvolvimento na região do Baixo Amazonas, Pará. Como fulcro de análise foram considerados os povos que habitam a região, os processos de territorialização e os desafios de pensar alternativas econômicas que gerem renda e dignidade para as pessoas. Espera-se que o caráter crítico suscitado ao longo destas páginas provoque discussões em prol de um desenvolvimento efetivamente democrático e pautado nas necessidades das pessoas, suas culturas e territórios.
Effect of flower extract of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) on microbial quality of raw milk of Etawa goats
Authors: Misbahul Huda  , Sri Nuraini  , Endah Setyaningrum  , Mohammad Kanedi
Published: July 2023

Etawa goat milk is the name for dairy products from a hybrid goat named Etawa. In Indonesia, goat milk is usually marketed and consumed fresh, without proper sterilization in the production process. As a raw product, Etawa goat milk has the potential to be contaminated with various microbes. In order to improve the microbial quality of Etawa's raw milk, we conducted a study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding aqueous extract of Roselle flower Hibiscus sabdarrifa L on the milk content of bacteria. Five groups of fresh milk samples, each 25 ml, were given roselle flower extract sequentially of 0.5 ml, 1.0 ml, 1.5 ml, 2.0 ml and 2.5 ml with a repetition of 5 times. Before adding the extract, the type of bacteria identified was Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus sp, and Staphylococcus sp with a total bacterial content of 1,569,586 CFU/ml. After adding extracts of 0.5 ml, 1 ml, 1.5 ml, 2 ml, and 2.2 ml, the total number of bacteria decreased to 1,078,660 CFU/ml, 1,010,423 CFU/ml, 938,602 CFU/ml, 882,.873 CFU/ml, and 874,238 CFU/ml respectively. Thus it can be concluded that roselle flower extract has the potential to be used as an ingredient to improve the microbial quality of fresh milk of Etawa goats.
The influence of kidney function parameters in different phases of multiple myeloma
Authors: Izeta Aganovic-Musinovic  , Lejla Burnazovic-Ristic  , Mirela Mackic-Djurovic  , Sanita Maleskic Kapo  , Enisa Ademovic  , Haris Campara  , Maida Rakanovic-Todic
Published: July 2023

Background: Patients with multiple myeloma are characterized by increased production of light chains of immunoglobulins and thus increase in the concentration of proximal nephron tubule lumen that leads to renal injury. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 62 patients with MM. They were characterized in three different stage groups of the disease using Salmon-Durie classification and by International Staging System (ISS). Blood samples were drawn to measure concentration of Cystatin C, Immunoglobulins, Free light chains (FLC), C-reactive protein (CRP), polyclonal chains, while urine is collected to measure creatinine level. ELISA and nephelometry were employed to determine those concentrations. Statistical analyzes were performed by SPSS 16. System. Results: In patients without renal injury and with renal injury differ among the phases. Significant difference was observed between the mean values ​​of CRP, creatinine, serum kappa chains and the ratio of serum kappa and λ chains (p <0.05) while in the „steady” phase, difference was observed between the mean values ​​of Cystatin C levels and creatinine. In ISS stage 1, the mean serum Cystatin C level in patients without renal injury and with renal impairment statistically differ as well as serum creatinine, CRP and serum κ chains levels in ISS stage 2. In ISS stage 3, no statistically significant difference was observed between the mean values ​​of the examined parameters and renal injury. Conclusion: This confirms that beside serum Cystatin C, serum creatinine level, serum CRP level and serum κ chains' level were early signs of kidney impairment as well.
Application of thermochemical methods for the study of cellulose and cellulose esters
Authors: Michael Ioelovich
Published: July 2023

In this research, the enthalpy of the interaction of cellulose and cellulose esters with various polar liquids was studied. Besides, the standard enthalpies of combustion and formation of cellulose and its esters were determined. It was shown that the absolute value of the standard exothermic enthalpy of the interaction of cellulose with the polar liquids is an indicator of the accessibility of the supramolecular structure for these liquids. It has been also established that the interaction enthalpy of cellulose materials with water, i.e., wetting enthalpy, is directly proportional to the content of non-crystalline domains and inversely proportional to the degree of cellulose crystallinity. In the case of cellulose esters, the wetting enthalpy characterizes their substitution degree and hydrophobicity, which are the higher, the lower the absolute value of the exothermic wetting enthalpy. The determination of the standard enthalpies of combustion and formation of cellulose and the melting heats of crystallites was carried out to evaluate the relative thermodynamic stability of CI, CII, CIII, and CIV crystalline forms and amorphous cellulose. For esters of cellulose, it was shown that an increase in the degree of substitution contributes to enhancing the exothermic enthalpy of the formation; thus, the esterification of cellulose is thermodynamically favorable.
Aesthetic rehabilitation of diastema closure with lithium disilicate veneers: A case report
Authors: Shubhangi Srivastava  , Tanya Singh  , Manesh Lahori
Published: July 2023

The worth of one's teeth from a merely cosmetic perspective has increased in significance in today's society. There are numerous ways to handle challenges that occur in the area of high aesthetic sensitivity. Every form of treatment has its advantages and disadvantages as well. The use of ceramic veneers is becoming increasingly common in esthetic dentistry. This is considered as highly functional and esthetic indirect restoration with minimally invasive preparation. The success of a restorative treatment in anterior teeth depends on the esthetic integration between soft tissues and hard tissues. Aesthetic management of diastema using veneers is nowadays a well-established method. The purpose of this clinical report is to describe a conservative treatment approach to recover an esthetic disharmony caused by multiple maxillary diastemas.
Enterprise Risk Management Practices in India: A Case Study of Select Indian Companies
Authors: Dhritabrata Jyoti Bharadwaz  , Kumud Ch. Goswami
Published: July 2023

Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) has grown to be a crucial tool for identifying, evaluating, and managing risks inside an organisation. ERM enables organisation to manage risks and reduce the possibility of business fraud and failure, maximising the value of stakeholders. ERM assists management in coordinating risk appetite and strategy, improving risk response, integrating the risk management perspective, enhancing cooperative governance, minimising operational surprises and losses, taking advantage of opportunities, and lowering unacceptable performance variability. This paper has been prepared to understand the ERM practices of firms in India and to analyse the relationship between ERM and Firm Performance. Four Indian Companies listed at BSE has been considered for an in-depth analysis of their ERM practices across 15 years i.e., from 2007-08 to 2021-22. The quality of the disclosures has been analysed based on the components of COSO framework by way of content analysis of the four companies for the period of study. The study finds that the disclosures in terms of quality of ERM practices of Infosys have been better than the other select companies both in overall terms as well as in terms of most of the components considered for the study. The study also finds that firm performance like ROA has a significant but negative relationship with ERM while in contrast EPS, also a measure of firm performance, has a significant and positive association with ERM practices of the firms.
Causes of premature loss of primary teeth and frequency of the utilization of space maintainers in children aged 6-8 years attending the School of Dentistry at the University of Cuenca during the period 2019-2022
Authors: Harold Raúl Escobar Cárdenas  , Dayana Estefania Nivelo Tenesaca  , Jessenia Katherine Pinargote Clavijo  , Milton Rivaldo Valencia Arteaga  , Karen Anais Urgiles Espinoza  , Maria Yolanda Yunga Picón
Published: July 2023

Space maintainers are fixed or removable appliances whose main purpose is to maintain the space caused by the loss of one or more primary teeth, preventing the migration of adjacent teeth into the edentulous space. Objective: To determine the cause of premature loss of one or more teeth and the frequency of the use of space maintainers in children aged 6-8 years attending the Faculty of Dentistry during the period 2019-2022. Materials and methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study, through the analysis of 123 undergraduate clinical records of the orthodontic clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Cuenca with 78 boys and 45 girls between the ages of 6 and 8 years. For the bibliographic analysis, search strategies were used in the Pubmed, Scielo, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases published between 2015 to 2022. Results: The most common space maintainer used in children is the Ansa band, followed by the lingual arch, Hawley plate, Nance button and the least frequent was the Schwartz plate. The most frequent etiology causing premature tooth loss is dental caries, followed by pathological root resorption of the deciduous tooth and trauma leading to the need for the use of space maintainer. Conclusions: Dental caries is the factor that causes the greatest premature loss of primary teeth, with the Ansa Band space maintainer being one of the most commonly used appliances in both boys and girls aged 6 to 8 years.
A critical analysis of Igbo-English translations in social media posts: A study of Twitter and Facebook
Authors: Cheryl Amaka Udogu  , Oluchukwu Felicia Asadu
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study is to conduct a critical analysis of posts and comments written in Igbo language on Facebook and Twitter, which are automatically translated into English upon user request. The main focus is to examine the accuracy of the translations provided by these social media platforms, such as Facebook and Twitter, for posts written in Igbo. Additionally, the study aims to understand the challenges presented by language barriers in communication, shedding light on the linguistic and cultural differences between Igbo and English. Furthermore, the research aims to highlight the difficulties encountered by machine translation systems employed by these social media platforms and language learners when translating between Igbo and English. It also aims to identify areas that require improvement for future reference. Following Anthony Pym's proposed method of error analysis for translation analysis, the study endeavours to identify and rectify inconsistencies in automatic translations, enabling readers to grasp the intended message and contribute to the improvement of machine translation applications. Qualitative data was collected over a specific period from posts written in Igbo and automatically translated into English on Facebook and Twitter. The collected data was subjected to analysis. Results from the analysis show that these platforms need to make significant improvements in order to achieve better translation output.
Transition to a circular economy-inspired waste management system
Authors: Annisa Ilmi Faried  , Rahmad Sembiring  , Neng Sri Wardhani  , Uswatun Hasanah
Published: July 2023

Waste management is a challenging topic that requires constant attention. In order to successfully eradicate waste, all relevant parties must work together. Desa Pahlawan's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for 2030 are just one example of the many cross-cutting issues being addressed by communities. The research presented here aims to explain how to implement a green recovery stimulus by analyzing circularity-based waste management. Doing so is important for a number of reasons, including preventing damage to the environment, economy, communities, and quality of life of rural areas, and enjoying the benefits that follow. This is due, in part, to the fact that garbage collection services in rural areas receive inadequate budgets from the government, even for the modern category of garbage. Waste management can be optimized by empowering the community, so that the system created can be carried out in a sustainable manner.
Effect of NPK application dates on agronomic parameters of two Bambara groundnut varieties cultivated on ferric Lixisol in northern Sudanian Sector of Burkina Faso
Authors: Hervé NANDKANGRE  , Koulibi Fidèle ZONGO  , Diane Judicaëlle KAMBOU  , Marius BONKOUNGOU  , N’Golo Moussa KONATE  , Adjima OUOBA  , Aimé Sévérin KIMA  , Mahama OUEDRAOGO
Published: July 2023

Bambara groundnut is a neglected legume crop that contributes to improve global food and face food insecurity. In Burkina Faso, research on Bambara groundnut cropping system were essentially focused on mounding times. Less attention has been paid on the application of fertilizers. Experiments was carried out on the site of Tenkodogo University Centre (11°48’37’’N, 0°22’19’’W), Burkina Faso to study the response of two Bambara groundnut varieties to different NPK application periods. The experiments consisted of a factorial combination of two factors, including the varieties (KVS 235 and KVS 246) and the different NPK application dates (At basal, 7, 15 and 21 days after sowing) in completely randomised blocks with three replications. Characters were collected, including plant height and spread, total biomass at flowering, stalks weight, yield-components and yield. The results indicated that most of characters not varied significantly for both varieties whatever NPK application period except for stalks weight (P = 0.013). The interactions between varieties and NPK application dates had significant effects for only total biomass at flowering (P = 0.048). In addition, pod length has significant effect (P = 0.032) between varieties. The significant effect on the characters mentioned above in both varieties implies that application of NPK fertilizer have influenced the characteristics differently, depending on the period of bringing. NPK application at basal lead to best performance of the results regarding pod and seed dimension and 100-seeds weight and yield. In general, KVS235 outperformed than KVS 246.
El Ninos: Their magnitudes and durations
Authors: Burl Henry
Published: July 2023

Between 1900 and 2022, there have been 35 El Nino warming events recorded. An examination of the temperature rise caused by those events has shown that they occurred within the range of 0.029 – 0.54 Deg. C, with those of longer duration generally having the higher temperatures. Their median maximum temperature value was 0.29 Deg. C, and their average value was 0.26 Deg. C. In all but four instances, they were ended because of the injection of cooling volcanic Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) aerosols into the stratosphere by a VEI4, or larger, volcanic eruption. The exceptions were due to increased levels of industrial SO2 aerosol emissions. This information can be used to judge whether future El Ninos fall within the normal range, or not, etc.
Unlocking the power of second-life: Li-ion batteries for sustainable energy storage and resource management in the Indian context
Authors: Siddartha Ramakanth Keshavadasu
Published: July 2023

This review paper examines the second life of Li-ion batteries, its market size, use cases, economics, and environmental impact, with a focus on the Indian context. The study highlights the increasing demand for sustainable energy storage solutions and the projected growth of the second-life battery market. It explores the various applications of second-life batteries, including grid-scale energy storage, residential energy storage, EV charging stations, and telecommunications backup power. The paper discusses the economic benefits of repurposing batteries, such as cost savings compared to new battery systems, and the factors influencing the economics of second-life Li-ion batteries. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of government policies and regulations that promote the reuse of batteries, with specific reference to initiatives in India. The environmental impact of second-life batteries is examined, including the reduction in raw material extraction, decreased energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions during battery production, and the alleviation of waste generated from battery disposal. The challenges in recycling and disposal at the end of the battery's second life are also addressed, emphasizing the need for effective recycling technologies and infrastructure. The paper concludes by highlighting the opportunities for innovation, research, and collaboration in the second-life battery ecosystem, with a call for partnerships among stakeholders to drive advancements in battery management systems, repurposing technologies, and battery chemistry. The findings of this paper contribute to the understanding of the second-life battery industry in the Indian context and provide insights into its potential for sustainable energy storage and resource management.
Panagglutination of red blood cells complicating blood typing: A Malagasy case report
Authors: Bronislaw Tchestérico DODOSON  , Jocia FENOMANANA  , Todisoa Mahenina RAHERITIANA  , Stéphania NIRY MANANTSOA  , Manevarivo Eddy RAMAMINIAINA  , Zely Arivelo RANDRIAMANANTANY  , Andriamiadana Luc RAKOTOVAO  , Aimée Olivat RAKOTO ALSON
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Blood grouping appears to be simple to perform and interpret. Recommendations have been established to ensure the accuracy of the results. However, there are cases that create difficulties and may distort the result. We report a case of blood grouping problem with panagglutination of red blood cells found in the laboratory of University Hospital Center (UHC) Andrainjato Fianarantsoa Madagascar. Case description: A 63-year-old woman of Asian origin was hospitalized in the Internal Medicine Department for fever and physical asthenia. She had a family history of beta-thalassemia minor. The blood count showed pancytopenia (regenerative anemia at 31 g/L, neutropenia at 1.7 G/L, thrombocytopenia at 34 G/L), with a probable presence of cold agglutinin (MCHC = 400 g/L). The blood grouping by globular test allowed to find a positive rhesus group AB, but the serum test was in favor of group A. The repeat of the haemogram and the blood grouping after incubation of the sample for one hour at +37° C made it possible to correct the MCHC and to objectify a positive blood group A rhesus respectively. The latter was confirmed by the pre-transfusion compatibility test with the tested isogroup blood and the transfusions performed were without incident. Conclusion: Panagglutination of red blood cells, probably related to the presence of cold agglutinin in our case, represents one of the sources of blood grouping errors that should be avoided by the application of strict blood grouping rules.
Antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida isolates from PLHIV patients
Authors: Sumit Sonaba Chavan  , Anju Shyam Kagal  , Renu Ramchandra Bharadwaj
Published: July 2023

Introduction- There is a growing prevalence of fungal infections among immunocompromised patients, and there is also a concerning rise in resistance to commonly used antifungal medications. As a result, antifungal drug susceptibility testing has become an invaluable tool for clinicians, specifically in the treatment of invasive fungal infections and cases where initial treatments have proven ineffective. Methodology- We conducted an analysis of the antifungal drug susceptibility patterns of 62 Candida isolates derived from various infection sites in a cohort of 165 PLHIV patients using the broth macrodilution method. Results- A high resistance was observed to azole group with highest being Fluconazole (27%) followed by Voriconazole (14.5%) and Itraconazole (12.9%). No resistance was recorded for Amphotericin B and Caspofungin. Discussion- Our findings indicate a higher resistance to Fluconazole, specifically in non-albicans Candida (NAC) species compared to Candida albicans. The presence of cross-resistance between Fluconazole and voriconazole is a matter of concern. However, it is important to note that no instances of resistance were observed for both Amphotericin B and Caspofungin. Nevertheless, elevated minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were noted for these antifungal agents. Conclusion- Routinely performing antifungal susceptibility testing in laboratories is crucial due to the growing resistance among antifungals, especially in the azole group. This resistance has led to the emergence of highly resistant and more harmful non-albicans Candida species. Thanks to the availability of standardised automated and manual methods, conducting such tests has become more accessible. Therefore, we strongly recommend performing routine susceptibility testing in laboratories to ensure appropriate treatment decisions for patients.
Integrasi Value Stream Mapping dengan Simulasi Kejadian Diskrit: Studi Kasus Lean Distribution
Authors: Rakhmasari Aster Aryati , Dharmayanti Indrani
Published: July 2023

Lonjakan permintaan produk pasca pandemi menyebabkan tidak tercapainya pemenuhan order sesuai dengan yang ditargetkan perusahaan. Berbagai upaya dilakukan PT X Indonesia untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan kinerja perusahaan, diantaranya adalah dengan melakukan perampingan proses untuk meningkatkan efisiensi. Hasil observasi dengan menggunakan metode VSM memperlihatkan masih terdapatnya pemborosan dalam proses distribusi baik dalam hal waktu tunggu staf yang memakan waktu hingga proses, gerakan, dan atau transportasi yang tidak tepat/diperlukan. Perbaikan yang dilakukan sebagai luaran hasil analisis dapat memangkas pemborosan pada aktivitas pengiriman yaitu waiting, inappropriate processing, unnecessary motion dan transport­tation, hingga mengurangi waktu siklus sebesar 30%, namun hal tersebut belum dapat menjawab permasalahan target pemenuhan Purchase Order (PO).  Simulasi kejadian diskrit dilakukan dengan beberapa skenario yang mengintegrasikan data proses distribusi perusahaan sehingga dapat terlihat waktu siklus keseluruhan produk yang sesuai dengan target pemenuhan PO. Hasil simulasi memperlihatkan bahwa skenario 3 yaitu melalui pengintegrasian proses 1 dan 2 (membuat invoice packing list dan dokumen pengiriman), sistem pembayaran pajak secara online, dan penambahan mesin produksi sebesar 25% dapat memberikan kinerja yang lebih baik, ditunjukkan dengan waktu tunggu PO, waktu tunggu karyawan dan waktu produksi yang paling pendek yaitu sebesar 9.47 jam. Kombinasi metode Value Stream Mapping (VSM) dengan Discrete Event Simulation (DES) mampu memperlihatkan hasil perbaikan secara terintegrasi, sehingga permasalah­an pemenuhan PO dapat diselesaikan secara efisien dan efektif.
CLASSROOM LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS USED BY EFL TEACHER DURING DISTANCE LEARNING IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Cahyani Ni Nyoman Bunga , Artini Luh Putri , Wahyuni Luh Gede Eka
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study is to describe the classroom language functions used by the EFL teacher in junior high school during distance learning. This study is classified as qualitative descriptive research. This research was conducted in SMP N 2 Sawan with only one subject, a grade 7 English teacher. The findings of this study showed that the EFL teacher preferred to implement ’seeking information’ as the highest classroom language function delivered during distance learning, followed by ’explaining’ by 21.88%, ’persuade’ came in third place with 20.31%. In fourth place is ’ordering’, with 17.19 percent. Next are ’evaluating’ (1.95%), ’comparing’ (1.56%), ’analyzing’ (1.17%), ’proving/debating’ (0.78%), justifying (0.78%), ’inferring’ (0.39%), and ’synthesizing’ (0.39%). Meanwhile, the teacher did not use two functions during teaching. They were ’classifying’ (0%) and ’solving problems’ (0%).
Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Metanol dan Fraksi N-Heksan-Etil Asetat Buah Paprika Merah (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Anisah Nur , Warsi Warsi , Ramandha Muhammad Eka Putra , Isasih Widani Darma , Inayati Rizqa , Indriani Nurul
Published: July 2023

Red bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) contains vitamin E, vitamin C, carotenoids, and capsaicinoids which can be used as antioxidants. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of the methanol extract and the n-hexane-ethyl acetate fraction of red bell pepper. Fresh red peppers were extracted by maceration method using technical methanol and then fractionated using n-hexane-diethyl ether as solvent, the resulting insoluble fraction was n-hexane-diethyl ether and then fractionated again using n-hexane-ethyl acetate as solvent. The n-hexane-ethyl acetate fraction was tested qualitatively against carotenoid compounds, namely -carotene by TLC test using silica gel F254 as stationary phase and methanol as mobile phase: acetone (1:1). Quantitative test of antioxidant activity was carried out using the DPPH radical scavenging method with the parameter IC50 value. The IC50 value was then analyzed using SPSS version 20. The qualitative test results showed that the methanol extract and the n-hexane-ethyl acetate fraction contained -carotene compounds. The antioxidant activity of methanol extract, n-hexane-ethyl acetate fraction, and standard -carotene had IC50 values ​​of 307.91, 281.69, and 81.26 g/mL, respectively. Based on statistical results, the IC50 value of the n-hexane-ethyl acetate fraction was significantly smaller when compared to the methanol extract of red bell pepper. However, it is larger than the standard -carotene. The n-hexane-ethyl acetate fraction had more potent antioxidant activity when compared to the methanol extract of red bell pepper. However, it is less potent when compared to standard -carotene.
Etnofarmakologi dan Potensi Bioaktivitas Daun dan Buah Sirsak (Annona Muricata): Artikel Review
Authors: Qomaliyah Eka Nurul
Published: July 2023

The leaves and fruit of soursop or Annona muracita have been used extensively as medicinal plants by people in various ethnic groups in Indonesia. Soursop leaves and fruit are believed to prevent and treat diabetes, obesity, and hypertension. Various scientific studies have proven the potential activity of soursop leaves and fruit to have antidiabetic, antioxidant, antiobesity, cytotoxic, anticancer, antihypertensive, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, and hepatoprotective effects. Based on literature studies related to phytochemicals sourced from Scopus, Science direct, PubMed, ProQuest reports that at least 54 secondary metabolites have been isolated and identified. These compounds include a group of alkaloids, phenols, and acetogenins. This article presents a brief overview that seeks to compile all information regarding the phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, and bioactivity of soursop leaves and fruit.
Analisis Kadar Vitamin C Pada Buah Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia Swing.) dan Jeruk Manis (Citrus sinensis) menggunakan Titrasi Iodometri
Authors: Ariani Farida , Muhsin Lalu Busyairi
Published: July 2023

Vitamin merupakan golongan senyawa organik yang memiliki peran sangat penting untuk pertumbuhan, pemeliharaan kesehatan, dan fungsi-fungsi tubuh lainnya agar metabolisme berjalan normal. Terdapat banyak sekali vitamin baik yang berasal dari alam maupun yang disintesis di laboratorium. Salah satunya adalah vitamin C, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Menentukan kadar vitamin C (asam askorbat) dalam sampel jeruk buah, jeruk nipis dan vitacimin secara titrasi  iodimetri, Titrasi redoks adalah titrasi yang melibatkan proses oksidasi dan reduksi. Kedua proses ini selalu terjadi secara bersamaan. Dalam titrasi redoks biasanya menggunakan potensiometri untuk mendeteksi titik akhir. Untuk mengetahui kadar vitamin C metode titrasi redoks yang digunakan adalah titrasi langsung yang menggunakan iodium. Iodium akan mengoksidasi senyawa-senyawa yang mempunyai potensial reduksi yang lebih kecil dibanding iodium, Berdasarkan percobaan yang dilakukan pada uji vitamin c ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penentuan kadar vitamin C dengan titrasi iodometri dapat dilakukan dengan prinsip reduksi oksidasi. Kadar vitamin C diperoleh dengan titrasi iodometri metode pertama yang dilakukan dengan mengencerkan jeruk, jeruk nipis dan vitamin C sebesar 0,0006%, 0,0006287%, 0,000787%. Pada metode kedua tanpa pengenceran, konsentrasi vitamin C pada jeruk dan jeruk nipis adalah 0,03165%, 0,0 9%.
PLANEJAMENTO FAMILIAR: CONHECIMENTO E APLICABILIDADE POR ENFERMEIROS NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE
Authors: Pereira da Silva Monique , De Queiroz Ana Cláudia , Soares Dantas Maria Clara , Oliveira de Sousa Alana Tamar , Marques Nunes Elicarlos
Published: July 2023

Devido os entraves da gravidez indesejada na adolescência no Brasil, a prática do cuidado familiar é uma atribuição da Equipe de Saúde da Família, assim o Planejamento Familiar é direito da população amparado pela Constituição Federal.  A Enfermagem desempenha um papel imprescindível nessa atenção. Objetivou-se compreender o conhecimento dos enfermeiros da Atenção Primária à Saúde sobre o planejamento familiar. Tratou-se de pesquisa exploratória com abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvida no município de Guarabira, Paraíba. A amostra foi composta por enfermeiros que atuam na Estratégia Saúde da Família. Foi utilizado um formulário semiestruturado, para analisado pela técnica de Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin em paralelo com a técnica de saturação. Os resultados foram divididos em quatro categorias: Planejamento familiar e sua operacionalidade, Dificuldades na aplicabilidade do PF, Facilidades na aplicabilidade do PF, Capacitações acerca do planejamento familiar para profissionais de saúde. Reconhece-se a importância de que os gestores de saúde forneçam subsídios para que os profissionais de saúde elaborem estratégias em prol da população, como recursos materiais, recursos humanos, educação permanente.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Adolescent Teaching Career Expectations
Authors: Cooc North , Kim Grace MyHyun
Published: July 2023

Research on the dearth of teachers of color has focused on disparities in college enrollment, completion, and academic major. The present study examines whether disparities may begin earlier. Analyses of nationally representative longitudinal data show that students of color are 2 to 4 percentage points less likely to hold teaching career expectations than White students in Grade 9—a pattern that remains stable during high school and 7 years later. Controlling for academic and socioeconomic backgrounds reduces the gap between Latinx and White students, but the gap persists for students of other racial and ethnic minority groups. Additional findings show early teaching career expectations relate to racial and ethnic disparities among college students who major in education. The study has implications for improving teacher diversity and rethinking pipeline challenges.
Properties of Superpave Asphalt Concrete Subjected to Impact of Moisture Damage
Authors: Sarsam Saad Issa , Alwan Ali Hussein
Published: July 2023

Moisture damage is a primary mode of distress occurring in hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavements in Iraq. Because of the loss of bond, or stripping, caused by the presence of moisture between the asphalt and aggregate, which is a problem in some areas and can be severe in some cases, it is requires to evaluate the design asphalt mixture to moisture susceptibility. Many factors such as aggregate characteristics, asphalt characteristics, environment, traffic, construction practices and drainage can contribute to stripping. Asphalt concrete mixes were prepared at their optimum asphalt content by superpave system and then tested to evaluate their engineering properties, which include tensile strength, resilient modulus, and permanent deformation, stiffness, and fatigue characteristics. These properties have been evaluated using indirect tensile strength, uniaxial repeated loading and repeated flexural beam. The experimental results, in general, showed that the mixes subjected to moisture damage give low resistance to indirect tensile strength, low resilient modulus at 40 ̊ C, high permanent deformation at 40 ̊ C, low stiffness, and low fatigue life, by (19%, 21%, 93%, 62% and 70%) respectively as compared with unconditioned mixture.
Experimental Study of the effect of closed cavity wall on buildings cooling loads saving
Authors: Abdul Ghafour Qussai Jihad , Mahmoud Bashar Kamil
Published: July 2023

The experimental study showed the use of closed cavity wall (the thickness of the cavity 5cm) made a percentage reduction in the cooling load caused by heat gain from the wall by (21.5 %) compared with the conventional wall. also the thermal resistance of the closed cavity was an average (0.2 m2.oC/W).

The experimental results of the study showed that the use of closed cavity wall reduced the average temperature of the inner surface of the wall during the day, and that the reduction was an average (0.45 oC)  when compared with the conventional wall , as well as the use of closed cavity wall reduced the temperature difference range of the inner surface of the wall during the day, and that the reduction was an average (0.66 oC) when compared with the conventional wall .
Unit Price and Cost Estimation Equations through Items Percentage of Construction Works in a Desert Area
Authors: Raheem Kadhim
Published: July 2023

This research will cover different aspects of estimating process of construction work in a desert area. The inherent difficulties which accompany the cost estimating of the construction works in desert environment in a developing country, will stem from the limited information available, resources scarcity, low level of skilled workers, the prevailing severe weather conditions and many others, which definitely don't provide a fair, reliable and accurate estimation. This study tries to present unit price to estimate the cost in preliminary phase of a project.  Estimations are supported by developing mathematical equations based on the historical data of maintenance, new construction of managerial and school projects. Meanwhile, the research has determined the percentage of project items, in such a remote environment. Estimation equations suitable for remote areas have been formulated. Moreover, a procedure for unite price calculation is concluded.