bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An innovative MGM–BPNN–ARIMA model for China’s energy consumption structure forecasting from the perspective of compositional data
Authors: Suo Ruixia , Wang Qi , Tan Yuanyuan , Han Qiutong
Published: April 2024

Effective forecasting of energy consumption structure is vital for China to reach its “dual carbon” objective. However, little attention has been paid to existing studies on the holistic nature and internal properties of energy consumption structure. Therefore, this paper incorporates the theory of compositional data into the study of energy consumption structure, which not only takes into account the specificity of the internal features of the structure, but also digs deeper into the relative information. Meanwhile, based on the minimization theory of squares of the Aitchison distance in the compositional data, a combined model based on the three single models, namely the metabolism grey model (MGM), back-propagation neural network (BPNN) model, and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, is structured in this paper. The forecast results of the energy consumption structure in 2023–2040 indicate that the future energy consumption structure of China will evolve towards a more diversified pattern, but the proportion of natural gas and non-fossil energy has yet to meet the policy goals set by the government. This paper not only suggests that compositional data from joint prediction models have a high applicability value in the energy sector, but also has some theoretical significance for adapting and improving the energy consumption structure in China.
Regulation of translation in response to iron deficiency in human cells
Authors: Puig-Segui Mireia S. , Decker Carolyn J. , Barlit Hanna , Labunskyy Vyacheslav M. , Parker Roy , Puig Sergi
Published: April 2024

Protein synthesis is a highly energy-consuming process that is downregulated in response to many environmental stresses or adverse conditions. Studies in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have shown that bulk translation is inhibited during adaptation to iron deficiency, which is consistent with its requirement for ribosome biogenesis and recycling. Although iron deficiency anemia is the most common human nutritional disorder, how iron modulates translation in mammals is poorly understood. Studies during erythropoiesis have shown that iron bioavailability is coordinated with globin synthesis via bulk translation regulation. However, little is known about the control of translation during iron limitation in other tissues. Here, we investigated how iron depletion affects protein synthesis in human osteosarcoma U-2 OS cells. By adding an extracellular iron chelator, we observed that iron deficiency limits cell proliferation, induces autophagy, and decreases the global rate of protein synthesis. Analysis of specific molecular markers indicates that the inhibition of bulk translation upon iron limitation occurs through the eukaryotic initiation factor eIF2α and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. In contrast to other environmental and nutritional stresses, iron depletion does not trigger the assembly of messenger ribonucleoprotein stress granules, which typically form upon polysome disassembly.
Assessment of urban ecosystem health and its influencing factors: a case study of Zibo City, China
Authors: Wang Xiaoming , Dong Qianqian
Published: April 2024

Urban ecosystem health is the foundation of sustainable urban development. It is important to know the health status of urban ecosystem and its influencing factors for formulating scientific urban development planning. Taking Zibo city as the study area, the indicators were selected from five aspects: ecosystem vigor, structure, resilience, service function and population health to establish an assessment index system of urban ecosystem health. The health level of urban ecosystem was assessed, and its changing trend was analyzed from 2006 to 2018 in Zibo. Furthermore, obstacle degree analysis and sensitivity analysis were used to quantitatively analyze the main obstacle factors and sensitivity factors affecting urban ecosystem health, so as to provide references for improving urban ecosystem health. The results showed that the health level of urban ecosystem in Zibo showed an upward trend from 2006 to 2018. The poor structure and ecological environment quality were the main obstacle factors to urban ecosystem health. The impact of changes in a single indicator on urban ecosystem health gradually decreased, but the sensitivity index of indicators had obvious differences. Urban ecosystem health was sensitive to changes in ecosystem structure and resilience. In the future, Zibo should strengthen ecological construction, optimize the industrial structure, and develop green economy to promote urban ecosystem healthy.
Comprehensive analysis of immunogenic cell death-related gene and construction of prediction model based on WGCNA and multiple machine learning in severe COVID-19
Authors: Li Chunyu , Wu Ke , Yang Rui , Liao Minghua , Li Jun , Zhu Qian , Zhang Jiayi , Zhang Xianming
Published: April 2024

The death of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is primarily due to from critically ill patients, especially from ARDS complications caused by SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, it is essential to contribute an in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease and to identify biomarkers for predicting critically ill patients at the molecular level. Immunogenic cell death (ICD), as a specific variant of regulatory cell death driven by stress, can induce adaptive immune responses against cell death antigens in the host. Studies have confirmed that both innate and adaptive immune pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the role of ICD in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 has rarely been explored. In this study, we systematically evaluated the role of ICD-related genes in COVID-19. We conducted consensus clustering, immune infiltration analysis, and functional enrichment analysis based on ICD differentially expressed genes. The results showed that immune infiltration characteristics were altered in severe and non-severe COVID-19. In addition, we used multiple machine learning methods to screen for five risk genes (KLF5, NSUN7, APH1B, GRB10 and CD4), which are used to predict COVID-19 severity. Finally, we constructed a nomogram to predict the risk of severe COVID-19 based on the classification and recognition model, and validated the model with external data sets. This study provides a valuable direction for the exploration of the pathogenesis and progress of COVID-19, and helps in the early identification of severe cases of COVID-19 to reduce mortality.
The rapid synthesis of 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-diimine (Phendiimine) and its fascinating photo-stimulated behavior
Authors: Marandi Ghasem , Hassanzadeh Ali
Published: April 2024

Here, for the first time, we report synthesis of 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-diimine (Phendiimine) based on an acid catalysed SN2 reaction of 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione and 2-picolylamine in EtOH as a solvent. The synthesized Phendiimine molecule showed excellent photo-sensitivity against visible light, together with photoluminescence in both water and ethanol and also, it showed electrochemical activity with Fe electrode in ethanol and H2SO4 solution. Tauc plot also showed Phendiimine is a direct band-gap semiconductor. The hot-point probe test also showed that it is a n-type semiconductor. The UV–vis. absorption maximum shift in two solvents (water and ethanol) demonstrates the solvatochromism behavior of the molecule. The practical significance of this work and its guiding implication for future related research can be outlined as follows. Based on the results obtained, it appears that the Phendiimine molecule could revolutionize the medical field, potentially in the design of artificial eyes, increasing the yield of photovoltaic cells through enhanced heat transfer, improving computers and industrial photo-cooling systems, serving as photo-controller in place of piezoelectric devices, functioning as electronic opt couplers, controlling remote lasers, changing convection in photothermal heaters, designing miniaturized real photo-stimulated motors, creating photo or thermal switches through spin crossover complexes, developing electronic light-dependent resistance (LDR) devices, constructing X-ray and gamma-ray detectors, designing intelligent clothing, creating photo dynamic tumour therapy (PDT) complexes, singlet fission materials in solar cells and more.
Mcph1, mutated in primary microcephaly, is also crucial for erythropoiesis
Authors: Vial Yoann , Nardelli Jeannette , Bonnard Adeline A , Rousselot Justine , Souyri Michèle , Gressens Pierre , Cavé Hélène , Drunat Séverine
Published: April 2024

Microcephaly is a common feature in inherited bone marrow failure syndromes, prompting investigations into shared pathways between neurogenesis and hematopoiesis. To understand this association, we studied the role of the microcephaly gene Mcph1 in hematological development. Our research revealed that Mcph1-knockout mice exhibited congenital macrocytic anemia due to impaired terminal erythroid differentiation during fetal development. Anemia’s cause is a failure to complete cell division, evident from tetraploid erythroid progenitors with DNA content exceeding 4n. Gene expression profiling demonstrated activation of the p53 pathway in Mcph1-deficient erythroid precursors, leading to overexpression of Cdkn1a/p21, a major mediator of p53-dependent cell cycle arrest. Surprisingly, fetal brain analysis revealed hypertrophied binucleated neuroprogenitors overexpressing p21 in Mcph1-knockout mice, indicating a shared pathophysiological mechanism underlying both erythroid and neurological defects. However, inactivating p53 in Mcph1−/− mice failed to reverse anemia and microcephaly, suggesting that p53 activation in Mcph1-deficient cells resulted from their proliferation defect rather than causing it. These findings shed new light on Mcph1’s function in fetal hematopoietic development, emphasizing the impact of disrupted cell division on neurogenesis and erythropoiesis — a common limiting pathway.
Local concentration controls the hydrate phase of calcium oxalate
Authors: Wang Zhaodong , Du Lala , Wang Qihang , Xie Jingjing , Fu Zhengyi , Zou Zhaoyong
Published: April 2024

The calcium oxalate phase selection in supersaturated solution is determined by a combination of thermodynamic and kinetic factors.
Realizing a flexible and wavelength-tunable random laser inspired by cicada wings
Authors: Chou Chia-Jung , Abe Ayano , Tang Jian-Fu , Lin Tzu-Chau , Kuo Chi-Ching , Lin Ja-Hon , Adachi Chihaya
Published: April 2024

A bio-tissue-inspired random laser (RL) was successfully demonstrated with a dye-covered silk fibroin replica film (DC-SFRF), created using soft lithography from a cicada's wing. By applying mechanical stress to modify the nanopapillate structure distribution on the film's surface, the DC-SFRF RL exhibits a 13.3 nm blue shift and a decreased speckle contrast.
A PDMS pocket based transparent polydopamine-decorated polypyrrole nanofibril–polyacrylamide hydrogel for EMI shielding applications
Authors: De Anurima , Mondal Ankita , Das Arkapriya , Maity Parna , Khatua Bhanu Bhusan
Published: April 2024

An absorption-dominated polydimethyl siloxane pocket based polypyrrole decorated polydopamine in polyacrylamide hydrogel was developed with the balance of high optical transparency, conductivity and stability in harsh environment.
Advances in the structural engineering of layered bismuth-based semiconductors for visible light-driven photocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Tao Xiaoping , Zhou Xiaoyuan , Li Rengui
Published: April 2024

Recent advances in layered bismuth-based photocatalysts for visible light-driven water splitting are reviewed, focusing on the correlation between crystal and electronic structures that determine light absorption and photogenerated charge separation.
Synthesis of an azulene-containing graphene nanoribbon
Authors: Mathey Pierre , Sobczak Quentin , Darvish Ali , Morin Jean-François
Published: April 2024

An azulene-containing graphene nanoribbon was prepared from an azulene-containing polymer using alkyne benzannulation.
Strain engineering improves the photovoltaic performance of carbon-based hole-transport-material free CsPbIBr2 perovskite solar cells
Authors: He Wei , Duan Xingxing , Tang Qunwei , Dou Jie , Duan Jialong
Published: April 2024

Alkylamines improve the efficiency and stability of carbon-based hole-transport-material free CsPbIBr2 perovskite solar cells through strain engineering.
Correction: Time-, space- and energy-resolved in situ characterization of catalysts by X-ray absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Peters Stefan , Kunkel Benny , Cakir Cafer Tufan , Kabelitz Anke , Witte Steffen , Bernstein Thomas , Bartling Stephan , Radtke Martin , Emmerling Franziska , Abdel-Mageed Ali Mohamed , Wohlrab Sebastian , Guilherme Buzanich Ana
Published: April 2024

Correction for ‘Time-, space- and energy-resolved in situ characterization of catalysts by X-ray absorption spectroscopy’ by Stefan Peters et al., Chem. Commun., 2023, 59, 12120–12123, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3CC03277A.
Pentacycloundecanylidene and pentacycloundecanone – hyperconjugatively stabilized carbene and ketone
Authors: Gopinath Jishnu Sai , Parameswaran Pattiyil
Published: April 2024

Hyperconjugatively stabilized pentacycloundecanylidene and pentacycloundecanone.
2,6-Bis(1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine ruthenium(ii) complex embedded porous organic polymers as efficient photocatalysts for organic transformations
Authors: Zeng Yan , Zhang Yujie , Luo Jingwen , Nie Junqi
Published: April 2024

The 2,6-Bis(1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine ruthenium(ii) complex has been embedded in porous organic polymers to act as a highly efficient and stable photocatalyst for the syntheses of thiocarbomates and disulfides.
Effect of fluorine on the photovoltaic properties of 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-based alternating conjugated polymers by changing the position and number of fluorine atoms
Authors: Guo Pengzhi , Gan Xuemei , Guan Sheng , Gao Peili , Wang Qian , Shi Furong , Zhou Yuan , Wang Chenglong , Xia Yangjun
Published: April 2024

Incorporation of fluorine atoms in conjugated polymers leads to an increase in charge mobility and dielectric constant, increasing the Pdiss value and power conversion efficiency and open circuit voltage of polymer bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells.
Activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis of a new class of spirooxindolopyrrolidine embedded chromanone hybrid heterocycles
Authors: Alkaltham Manal Fahad , Almansour Abdulrahman I. , Arumugam Natarajan , Vagolu Siva Krishna , Tønjum Tone , Alaqeel Shatha Ibrahim , Rajaratnam Saiswaroop , Sivaramakrishnan Venketesh
Published: April 2024

Spirooxindolopyrrolidines were synthesized in quantitative yield through cycloaddition strategy. Compounds exhibited significant anti-tubercular activity and molecular docking studies of the compound is well correlates with in vitro findings.
A review of noble metal-free high entropy alloys for water splitting applications
Authors: Kamaruddin Hamzah , Jianghong Zhang , Yu Liang , Yuefan Wei , Yizhong Huang
Published: April 2024

Nano-sized high entropy alloy (HEA) catalysts have attracted much attention as extraordinary electrocatalysts in water-splitting applications, i.e., the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER).
Effect of lyophilized plant aqueous extracts on pH, colour and myoglobin in rabbit meat during refrigerated and frozen storage
Authors: Miteva Daniela , Dimov Krasimir , Ivanova Silviya , Dyankova Svetla , Metodieva Petya , Dimitrov Nikolay , Kostadinova Eli , Popova Teodora
Published: April 2024

The effect of the treatment with lyophilized antioxidant extracts of wild basil (Clinopodium vulgare L.) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) in rabbit meat on pH, colour and myoglobin changes during refrigerated and frozen storage was investigated. The experimental design included 3 groups of meat – one control and two treated with lyophilized plant extracts (in amount 1:100). The meat was derived from three carcass parts- loin, hind leg and fore leg The meat samples were stored at 4°C for 7 days, after that the storage proceeded for 90 days at -45°C. The study demonstrated different effect of the plant antioxidants on pH and colour, as well as the changes in the myoglobin and its redox forms that depended on the carcass part. The values of pH and decreased during frozen storage. The treatment with plant extracts and storage led to considerable discoloration of the meat from hind leg and fore leg, displayed by decrease of the redness, corresponding to lower percentage of OMb but higher of MetMb. The results suggest certain pro oxidative effect of the plant extracts in this study and require further research with different doses, storage times and temperatures in order to determine the optimal antioxidant application.
Production of lactic acid wort-based beverage with raspberry seed oil addition under static and dynamic conditions
Authors: Goranov Bogdan , Denkova-Kostova Rositsa , Shopska Vesela , Kostov Georgi
Published: April 2024

Wort-based beverages produced by lactic acid fermentation showed high nutritional value and functional properties but their flavor was not well accepted by consumers. Therefore, raspberry (Rubus idaeus L) seed oil in concentration of 0.0375% (v/v) was used in order to improve beverage flavor and to increase its biological value. Fermentation was carried out in bottles (static conditions) and in a stirred tank bioreactor (dynamic conditions) at 25°C. The effect of raspberry seed oil addition was investigated by measuring the content of lactic acid bacteria cells, the pH, the phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of the beverages with raspberry seed oil addition and the control sample without oil addition. Results showed that stirring increased fermentation rate but led to a decrease in the phenolic compounds content and the antioxidant activity of the beverages produced. Nevertheless, all beverages can be classified as functional because the concentration of lactic acid bacteria was over 107 cells/mL. Our results indicated that functional lactic acid wort-based beverage with improved biological value and flavour can be produced in static fermentation by adding 0.0375% raspberry seed oil.
Analysis of total quality management (TQM) implementation in the biotechnology industry
Authors: Kondev Georgi
Published: April 2024

Over the past two decades, the relevance of the Total Quality Management (TQM) model has increased significantly. TQM is becoming increasingly popular as organizations focus more on improving the quality of their products, services, and internal operations to increase customer value and gain competitive advantage. Organizations from the biotechnology sector play a significant role in the development of the national economy, the social sphere and employment. In such a situation, they face strong competitive advantages of competitors from all over the world, such as low costs and high productivity. The change in the amount of added value alone over the last 10 years leads to an increase of 35.2% per year. In 2009 is BGN 12 million, and in 2019 is BGN 208 million. That is why it is critical for them to improve their organizational performance through the Total Quality Management (TQM) approach. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the individual components of TQM in organizations from the field of biotechnology and food industry and to determine its model in terms of engineering activities. Pre-designed questionnaires were used as a data collection instrument in the present study. Conducting semi-structured interviews with team leaders in a biotech manufacturing organization provides insight into the impact of TQM on competitiveness. These elements, leadership skills and supplier/customer relationships have been found to play an important role in improving overall performance.
A duplex PCR method for authentication of beef and pork content in raw and processed meat products
Authors: Stefanova Petya , Angelov Angel , Gotcheva Velitchka
Published: April 2024

The regulatory framework regarding food labelling aims to ensure food safety and prevent consumer misleading and food fraud. However, legal compliance cannot be controlled without the use of reliable analytical methods. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with species-specific primers is considered the most reliable analytical tool for species identification in various raw and processed foods. Duplex PCR methods allow the simultaneous detection of two species within a product, which may considerably reduce analytical time, effort and price. Therefore, the objective of our study was to develop a duplex PCR method for detecting beef and pork in raw and processed meat products. Our research resulted in elaborating a highly specific method, with LOD for each sequence of 0.01 % target DNA in two-component meat mixtures. The application of the duplex PCR for authentication of raw and processed meat products on Bulgarian market showed that 45% of the analysed meat products had labelling incompliances regarding the content of beef and pork. These results demonstrate the need for more stringent and authenticity control in the meat processing sector and at the market by using rapid and reliable analytical methods in order to reduce the current levels of food fraud and protect consumer’s rights.
Effect of propeller use on residence time distribution (rtd) in single-screw cam-flow rice semolina extrusion
Authors: Chalamov Yanush , Simitchiev Apostol , Nenov Ventzislav , Danev Angel , Andreeva Hristina
Published: April 2024

The influence of the speed of the feeding (Nf) and main (Nw) screw, the moisture content of the material (W) and the temperature of the die (Tm) on the average residence time (t) and the Peclet number (Pe) in single-screw extrusion of rice semolina using a propeller were investigated. A computer system with a camera was used to continuously read the colorant saturation as a tracer pulsed into the feed zone of the extruder. The differential distribution curves of dwell times were constructed. The responce surface methodology with an orthogonal central compositional plan was used. Regression equations were obtained describing the influence of the selected independent variables on the average residence time (t) and the Peclet number (Pe). It has been found that the use of a propeller increases the mixing capability of the extruder and brings it closer to the ideal mixer.
Kinetic and quality characteristics in combined drying of carrots
Authors: Atanasov Dimitar , Georgieva Mariya , Tashev Atanas , Kiryakov Ivan , Petkova Nadezhda
Published: April 2024

Drying carrots experiments were carried out at different drying modes in a laboratory convective dryer combined with microwaves. Some empirical regularities in drying process have been obtained - drying curves and drying rate curves. An assessment of the influence of the drying regimes on some quality indicators of the final product was made.
Sorption and desorption isotherms of celery roots
Authors: Georgieva Mariya , Kiryakov Ivan , Atanasov Dimitar , Tashev Atanas
Published: April 2024

An experimental study for determining the wet basis equilibrium moisture content in celery root (Apium graveolens) was conducted. Empirical equations describing the isotherms of sorption and desorption of the product at a temperature of 20°C were obtained. The values for the wet basis equilibrium moisture content for higher temperatures – 40, 60 and 80°C were theoretically calculated. All results were summarized in analytical, graphical and tabular form.
Application for choosing disciplines for food and biotech industry students
Authors: Zhekova Mariya , Petleshkov Ivan
Published: April 2024

Despite the multiple ways of communication between students and lecturers, the implementation of a course selection application contributes to the timely awareness of students about the subjects they will study in the curriculum, as well as facilitates lecturers in storing and managing the data obtained. The purpose of the research is to develop a web-based application that automates choosing disciplines from an elective block for the needs of students in the food and biotech industries. To achieve this goal, the logical processes in the choice of study disciplines by food industry students were investigated, the existing techniques and technologies for creating web apps were analyzed, tools were selected for the specific implementation, appropriate disciplines were selected related to the researched area, the database was built, the client interface was made (including responsive design), as well as the functionality of the system and numerous tests and experiments. The application has been tested with students studying biotechnology disciplines and the experiments performed demonstrate the main functionalities of the application and prove its reliability. Validations help to avoid misuse and limit the application to be used only by graduates of the University of Food Technology – students in the food and biotech industry.
Price sensitivity of consumers to organic food and the most frequently purchased categories of organic food
Authors: Kovacheva Mariyana , Markovska Veneta , Kulova Ivelina
Published: April 2024

The aim of the study is to validate a model of consumer behaviour towards organic foods, in particular processed ones, the target population consists of two non-random samples. Two different questionnaires were used to study the two populations, but with several common questions. The aim is, through two parallel studies, to establish in which aspects there are discrepancies between the viewpoints of the respondents, with the aim of offering a different marketing approach and attracting them to the market. The authors of the study examine the consumers of organic products in Bulgaria and their specific market behaviour when buying organic foods, the relationships between their price sensitivity and the external distinctions of the products such as brand, geographical origin. Investigate whether there is a relationship between gender and number of family members, frequency of shopping and the most frequently purchased food categories.
Models of entrepreneurial ecosystems
Authors: Konstantinova Snezhinka , Gancheva Jordanka
Published: April 2024

This report presents an analysis of different entrepreneurial ecosystem models. It is found that the theory of the creation and modeling of entrepreneurial ecosystems is insufficiently developed. The purpose of the research is to discover among the wide variety of factors and conditions, those of them that most strongly influence the development of entrepreneurship and to apply them in new economic models. New policies are being formulated to create an enabling environment for business, reaping significant benefits from the development of entrepreneurship and increasing the welfare of society. The development of entrepreneurial ecosystems will encourage innovation and reform in economic zones, regions, and the national and global economy.
Bio-foods through the prism of generations
Authors: Mantarova Darina , Bichurova Iva , Yordanova-Dinova Petya
Published: April 2024

One of the main problems faced by marketers in recent years is the study of food needs and their degree of satisfaction in different generations: the baby boomers, generations X, Y and Z. The four generations that make up a significant portion of today's workforce, their incomes and purchasing power pose different questions for marketers, so how to communicate with each of them to make marketing strategy effective. There is a noticeable gap in beliefs, consumer demands and lifestyles among their representatives. There are a number of studies that show and prove that the leading factors influencing the purchase decision process are different across generations. This paper explores and analyses the main factors influencing consumer choice and purchase of bio food products. It seeks to answer the question, which attributes of a bio food product are leading and provoking the implementation of its purchase? The study focuses on the factors that influenced the consumption behavior of the generational sample studied: education, income, price of the product, for whom the product is purchased. Beyond the suggested factors, other factors of a subjective and objective nature, as well as an imposed healthy, lifestyle are applicable over the consumer’s influence, behavior and choices of bio-foods.
Opportunities for innovation activity of enterprises from the dairy sector in the food industry
Authors: Bichurova Iva
Published: April 2024

Dairy processing enterprises in Bulgaria are faced with the need to implement modern equipment and technological updates in order to guarantee the quality and control of the manufactured products. The investment policy should be aimed at expanding the assortment range, competitiveness and entry into new markets. The paper analyzes the results of a research of innovation activity in dairy enterprises. The new economic situation requires companies to generate and absorb increasingly competitive innovations, to maintain and develop high innovation activity. This is becoming an increasingly important condition for their effective functioning and survival. All enterprises have a positive attitude towards innovative behavior, which is a necessary but not sufficient condition for carrying out innovative activity and achieving the relevant results. In any organization, it is necessary to provide conditions for the introduction of innovations, therefore it must have such a structure and processes that assume and implement appropriate innovative behavior. Management principles are the basis for making decisions to stimulate or inhibit innovation activity in enterprises. In this regard, export intensity, R&D expenditures and patent activity are leading in innovation processes.
The metaverse and sustainability as drivers revolutionizing customer experience in the food industry
Authors: Kulova Ivelina , Nikolova-Alexieva Valentina , Paskalev Radi
Published: April 2024

The metaverse’s rapid emergence as a key focus in modern discussions on innovation is driving a transformation in customer experience strategies. Fueled by evolving consumer demands for sustainability, companies of food industry are actively integrating metaverse innovations into their customer engagement plans. The aim of this study is to explore and highlight the transformation of customer experience strategies in the food industry within the metaverse, driven by the evolving demands and expectations of consumers for sustainability. The research strives to showcase how companies in food industry can adopt sustainability and fairness in the metaverse, creating immersive encounters and building relationships with consumers, all while encouraging environmentally conscious behaviour and motivating beneficial actions in the real world. Drawing from the insights gained in the secondary analysis, the study identifies and outlines specific strategies that companies in the food industry can adopt within the metaverse. These strategies aim to enhance customer experiences while embracing sustainability. The results of this study include a deeper understanding of how the metaverse is reshaping customer experience strategies in the food industry, leading to the identification of specific strategies that integrate sustainability, fostering immersive engagement and environmentally conscious behaviours.
Optimization of step-feed anoxic-oxic-membrane bioreactor (AO-MBR) with methanol addition for biological nitrogen removal in wastewater using BioWin and response surface methodology (RSM)
Authors: Tolentino Aika Cecille , Cheng Hai-Hsuan , Lin Chih-Chieh , Doma Bonifacio , Whang Liang-Ming
Published: April 2024

The study optimized a step-feed anoxic-oxic membrane bioreactor (AO-MBR) with methanol addition, an existing biological nitrogen removal (BNR) process, to improve total nitrogen (TN) removal and to reduce operating costs. Methanol, utilized as an external carbon source, was costly, which led to examining ways to reduce its usage by adjusting the operational parameters and modifying the configuration. The BioWin’s built-in activated sludge model underwent calibration through biokinetic batch experiments and numerical adjustments of stoichiometric and kinetic parameters to create the BNR process model. Dynamic simulations validated the calibrated model. Using the model, a modified configuration with a 20.8% increase in total anoxic volume was proposed. This increased the anoxic hydraulic retention time, improving the denitrification process. The response surface methodology (RSM) was then used to optimize the operating parameters of the modified configuration for maximum TN removal efficiency and minimum operating cost. The optimized parameters found were 0.5 mg/L dissolved oxygen, 45 days of solid retention time, 0:1 methanol distribution ratio, and 1,794.29 L/d methanol, which all enhanced the denitrification process. This resulted in a 16% increase in TN removal efficiency, a 4.12% decrease in operating costs, and an 8.96% reduction in methanol usage.
Optimizing NACA2414 airfoil aerodynamics with PARSEC parametrization and Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Krishnan Anupam , Al-Obaidi Abdulkareem Sh. Mahdi , Ching Hao Lee
Published: April 2024

This research endeavours to contribute to the broader field of wind turbine aerodynamics by investigating a method to enhance the performance of airfoils, with specific attention to the NACA2414 airfoil at a 15-degree angle of attack. The study explores the airfoil’s performance across a range of -10 to 15 degrees angle of attack. It employs both PARSEC parametrization and Genetic Algorithm optimization, achieving significant advancements. At a 15-degree angle of attack, post-optimization, the lift coefficient for the NACA2414 airfoil exhibits a remarkable increase to 1.5275 at a Reynolds number of 105, surpassing the original airfoil’s performance of 1.2407. This progress highlights the effectiveness of utilizing PARSEC parametrization and Genetic Algorithm optimization, particularly in low-speed wind turbine applications. While emphasizing potential applications in low-wind-speed scenarios, the findings underscore the significance of these techniques in renewable energy production.
Parametric Analysis of a Latent Heat Storage System for Predicting the Charging and Discharging Time
Authors: Omlang John Nico , Honra Jaime
Published: April 2024

Latent Heat Storages (LHS) are essential for harnessing renewable energy by storing surplus energy for later use. This research aims to enhance the predictability of charging and discharging times in LHS systems, a crucial step for effective energy management and optimizing renewable energy utilization. A comprehensive parametric analysis was conducted using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to develop correlation equations for forecasting these times under diverse geometric and operational settings. Parameters considered includes the heat transfer fluid (HTF) inlet temperature, phase change material (PCM) thickness-to-length ratio, Reynold’s number, and HTF inlet location. The enthalpy-porosity method and Boussinesq model were employed in numerical simulations to account for natural convection during charging. The influence of the mushy-zone constant on the PCM’s temperature profile was investigated and found to be significant. The bottom HTF injection was found to reduce the charging times, while extending discharging durations. The thickness-to-length ratio of the PCM emerged as the most influential factor, with Reynold’s number exerting the least influence in the cycle. Analysis showed that increasing PCM thickness-to-length ratio consistently led to longer charging time. Four correlations were developed with an impressive average multiple R of 0.999463, signifying high predictability for charging and discharging times.
Effects of actuator faults on large-scale wind turbine dynamics with an industry-standard controller
Authors: Do Manh-Hung , Nguyen Duc-Duong
Published: April 2024

The pitch actuator is a critical component of large-scale wind turbines with a high failure rate. Actuator faults significantly impact the dynamics of wind turbines, leading to increased loads on the turbine structure and reduced power output, thereby affecting wind turbine performance and reliability. This paper investigates the effects of actuator faults on a 5-MW reference wind turbine using the OpenFAST simulation software developed by NREL. The fault cases include dynamic changes in the actuator, performance reduction, and, finally, actuator seizing.
Wood Research at the University of Sopron – Physical-mechanical Properties
Authors: Komán Szabolcs , Németh Róbert , Govina James Kudjo , Vörös Ágnes , Horváth Dénes Ákos , Fehér Sándor
Published: April 2024

This study series shows research fields and results in wood science of the University of Sopron, Hungary. In this paper, we review several studies regarding the physical-mechanical properties of wood, including some properties of Turkey oak grown in different stands, showing that it should be planted among other species in same stand to achieve optimal wood quality. Research in the field of the firewood plantations has shown that it is necessary to choose the right species of poplars, in a given area. Paulownia and some invasive species grow rapidly, so they have great potential as raw materials and there are significant differences between paulownia varieties. Based on their densities, box elder, tree of heaven and green ash can be substituted for the noble species. Basswood can be well impregnated with paraffin, making it a good choice for pencils. Low-quality noble oak logs have the potential to be used in structural elements as lamellae, improving the yield and decreasing the loss in the wood industry. Black locust, sessile oak, beech, poplar, larch and spruce were subjected to different mechanical test methods at different moisture contents. Their properties decreased with increasing moisture content between 12% moisture content and FSP for all six wood species, but the ratio of changes varied, depending both on the measurement method and on the species.
Die Kodierung chronischer Schmerzen in der ICD-11
Authors: Barke Antonia , Korwisi Beatrice
Published: April 2024

Mit der 11. Revision enthält die Internationale Klassifikation der Krankheiten und verwandter Gesundheitsprobleme (ICD-11) erstmalig ein eigenes Kapitel, in dem Diagnosen chronischer Schmerzen systematisiert sind. Chronische Schmerzen sind Schmerzen, die mehr als 3 Monate andauern oder wiederkehren. Alle Diagnosen in diesem Kapitel sind einheitlich als biopsychosozial konzipiert. Die Klassifikation enthält 7 Hauptkategorien. Eine dieser Kategorien enthält chronische primäre Schmerzen. Bei chronischen primären Schmerzen werden die Schmerzen selbst als eine eigenständige Krankheit aufgefasst. 6 Kategorien chronischer sekundärer Schmerzen bilden Schmerzen ab, die Symptom einer anderen Erkrankung sind. Zu den chronischen sekundären Schmerzen zählen chronische Schmerzen durch eine Krebserkrankung oder -behandlung, chronische Schmerzen nach Operationen oder Unfällen, chronische neuropathische Schmerzen und chronische sekundäre Kopfschmerzen und orofaziale, viszerale und muskuloskelettale Schmerzen. Für chronische primäre und sekundäre Schmerzen stehen optionale Zusatzcodes zur Erfassung behandlungsrelevanter schmerzbezogener Parameter zur Verfügung.
Analyse zur Datenqualität/-vollständigkeit bei COVID-19-Fällen: Warum
eine digitale integrierte Datenerfassung auch zur Pandemiebekämpfung notwendig
ist
Authors: Lampl Benedikt MJ , Edenharter Bernhard , Leitzmann Michael , Salzberger Bernd
Published: April 2024

Hintergrund Verfügbare epidemiologische Daten zur Corona-Pandemie in
Deutschland haben im internationalen Vergleich in Bezug auf klinische
Auswirkungen und Impfstoffeffektivität eine geringe Aussagekraft.

Methoden Wir untersuchten in dieser retrospektiven Beobachtungsstudie
exemplarisch die Vollständigkeit ausgewählter eigener in der Pandemie erhobener
Daten. Hierfür wurden Angaben zu den wichtigen Parametern Hospitalisierung,
Impfstatus und Risikofaktoren für schweren Verlauf und Tod aus unterschiedlichen
Perioden herangezogen und deskriptiv ausgewertet. Die Daten werden im
erweiterten Kontext geforderter digitaler Strategien in Deutschland
diskutiert.

Ergebnisse Es wurden für den Zeitraum 01.01.2022 bis 30.06.2022 126.920
Meldevorgänge unter der Erkrankung COVID-19 gefunden. Bei den Daten zur
Hospitalisierung enthielten 19.749 Vorgänge die Angabe „Nein“, 1.990 Vorgänge
„Ja“ und 105.181 Vorgänge (83+%) die Angaben „nicht erhoben“ oder „nicht
ermittelbar“. Auch bei den Angaben zu Impfungen fanden sich nur in einem
geringen Prozentsatz Informationen zu Impfstoff (11,1+%), Anzahl der Impfungen
(4,4+%) und Datum der letzten Impfung (2,1+%). Die Vollständigkeit von Angaben
zu Vorerkrankungen bei COVID-19-bezogenen Todesfällen nahm im Verlauf von vier
aufeinanderfolgenden Perioden zwischen 2020 und 2022 mit zunehmendem
Fallaufkommen ab.

Schlussfolgerung Künftige Strategien müssen unter dem Aspekt der
Aussagekraft und Datenvollständigkeit zeitgemäße technische Lösungen mit
zentraler Datenerfassung zu Infektionsfällen beinhalten, ohne das Prinzip des
Datenschutzes zu gefährden.
Herzinsuffizienz – Behandlung mit Vitalstoffen
Authors: Schmidt Nathalie , Schmidt Edmund
Published: April 2024

Lange Zeit galt eine Herzinsuffizienz als nicht heilbar. Inzwischen zeigen
verschiedene Studien die Wirksamkeit von Mikronährstoffen wie Coenzym Q10 und
α-Liponsäure zur Behandlung. Beide Wirkstoffe spielen eine wichtige Rolle im
Energiestoffwechsel. Bei entsprechender Therapie kann eine Lebensverlängerung
erreicht werden, das Risiko an einer Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankung zu versterben,
sinkt deutlich. Eine optimale Versorgung mit Vitalstoffen kann die kardiale
Situation verbessern und die Lebensqualität von Patienten steigern.
Neoadjuvant immunotherapy in a locally advanced colon cancer patient with MSI-H and suspected Lynch syndrome: A case report
Authors: Li Xiaoyun , Xiang Yining , Zhen Yunhuan , Yu Yong
Published: April 2024

Carrilizumab, a PD-1 inhibitor, has shown therapeutic effectiveness in patients with late-stage or metastatic solid tumors exhibiting DNA mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) or microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H). dMMR/MSI-H cancer patients are known to be responsive to PD-1 inhibitors. However, the use of carrilizumab for preoperative immunotherapy in early, unresectable MSI-H/dMMR primary colon cancer lesions is relatively underexplored. We present the case of a 46-year-old male who sought medical attention at our institution due to a history of hematochezia for two weeks, right-sided abdominal pain for one week, and loose stools. Imaging indicated duodenal involvement, and a biopsy confirmed ascending colon adenocarcinoma with MSI-H status. Given that the patient’s family exhibited a history of more than three confirmed cases of colorectal cancer spanning two generations, Lynch syndrome was considered. After four cycles of PD-1 antagonist immunotherapy with carrilizumab, the patient’s symptoms resolved, and physical examination revealed no abdominal tenderness or palpable masses. Following radical colectomy, the primary tumor exhibited a pathological complete response. This case highlights the potential of preoperative neoadjuvant immunotherapy to improve staging accuracy and increase surgical resection rates in T4b MSI-H colon cancer patients without distant metastasis, suggesting a need for reconsideration of the treatment approach.
Selenoprotein P – die Drehscheibe im
Selenstoffwechsel
Authors: Stoll Günther , Gröber Uwe , Schomburg Lutz
Published: April 2024

Selen ist ein essenzielles Spurenelement, das im Körper in Form von
Selenoproteinen verschiedene physiologische Funktionen erfüllt. Die Hauptform
des Selens im Blutplasma ist das Selenoprotein P (SELENOP). Neben seiner
Funktion als wichtigster Transporter im Körper übernimmt es auch Speicher- und
Verteilerfunktionen. Eine niedrige Konzentration an SELENOP wurde als
Risikofaktor für eine Reihe verschiedener Erkrankungen und generell mit
verringerter Lebenserwartung assoziiert. Auch beim Selenmangel gibt es einige
Gesundheitsrisiken. Der Ausgleich eines Selendefizits ist relativ einfach und
kann durch eine bessere Versorgung erfolgen.
Überblick über die Veränderungen in der ICD-11 im Bereich der affektiven Störungen
Authors: Völz Henrike , Köhler Stephan
Published: April 2024

Mit der Einführung der ICD-11 werden im Kapitel Affektive Störungen einige klinisch relevante Veränderungen erwartet. Die Differenzierung der depressiven Symptomatik in 3 Symptomcluster, eine dimensionale Beurteilung des Schweregrads und allgemein hinzugewonnene Freiheitsgrade für klinisch tätiges Fachpersonal in der Diagnostik affektiver Störungen werden deutlich. Besonders die Möglichkeit sogenannte Specifier (aus engl. Originalversion) zusätzlich anzugeben, ist hervorzuheben. In der Revision der ICD-10 kann die Bipolare Störung Typ II nun auch als eine eigenständige Diagnose verschlüsselt werden. In vielen Bereichen lässt sich insgesamt eine Annäherung an die Kriterien des DSM-5 beobachten. Der folgende Artikel bietet einen Überblick über die Veränderungen im Bereich der affektiven Erkrankungen und welche Auswirkungen auf den klinischen Alltag zu erwarten sind.
Histology Findings after Two Years of Cytology/HPV Co-Testing in Germany
Authors: Xhaja Arjola , Ahr André , Zeiser Ilona , Ikenberg Hans
Published: April 2024

Since 1 January 2020, diagnostic confirmation of abnormalities detected in the context of cytology/HPV co-testing in cervical cancer screening under the statutory health insurance scheme in women aged 35 and over has been performed according to predefined algorithms. A colposcopy is indicated even in the case of borderline/low-grade cytological changes and/or HPV persistence. In this article we compare the histology findings after primary screening examinations in 2020/21 with those from 2018/19, thus also comparing the results of two different screening approaches.

Our analysis included all of the cytology, HPV, and histology results from all primary screening examinations, as well as the resulting diagnostic confirmation and curative cases, that could be obtained by 30 June 2023. In 2018/19 these comprised 650600 cytology and 1804 histology findings, and in 2020/21 there were 491450 cytology and 7156 histology findings. The absolute numbers of histology findings and the percentage ratios of these to all cytological diagnoses are presented with comparison factors.

In 2020/21 there were 5.2 times more histology findings in relation to all previous cytology examinations than in 2018/19, as well as 10.6 times more biopsies, 3.8 times more conizations, and 1.2 times more hysterectomies. There was a particularly high increase in diagnostic confirmation of borderline/low-grade or only HPV-positive findings. With co-testing, 12.7 times more CIN1, 6.4 times more CIN2, and 3.5 times more CIN3 lesions were diagnosed. The proportion of biopsies without dysplasia was 7.6 times higher than in previous years. Cervical carcinomas were diagnosed 1.8 times more frequently, and endometrial carcinomas 0.7 times less frequently.

More CIN lesions were found with co-testing, but the increase in histology findings of low-grade or no dysplasia was far greater than findings of CIN3. Lesions not requiring treatment accounted for 94.4% of biopsy results in 2020/21. The use of computer-assisted LBC with progression markers could reduce this.