bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the nutritional value of a sugar-free Greek-style yoghurt by incorporating strawberry-tree (Arbutus unedo L.) fruit and peach (Prunus persica)
Authors: Carriço Raquel , Marcos Joanna , Baptista Cátia , Vasconcelos Vanessa , Beato Helena , Riscado Ana , Silveira Ana , Pitacas Inês , Paulo Luisa , Rodrigues António Moutinho , Palma Maria Lídia , Nicolai Marisa , Menezes Regina , Pereira Paula , Espírito Santo Christophe , Cristóvão Mário , Brandão Inês
Published: February 2025

As consumers become more health-conscious, they are increasingly seeking out foods that offer potential health benefits, such as yoghurts. To encourage more sustainable and healthy consumption habits, it is important to develop food products using local food ingredients. This study focused on fermented dairy products, namely by developing various formulations of Greek yoghurt using strawberry-tree fruit (Arbutus unedo L.) (STF) and peach (Prunus persica) puree, with no added sugar. Both peach and STF were sourced locally. A sensory analysis was performed to determine the preferred formulation, selecting either z1 (20% STF and 80% peach) or z2 (30% STF and 70% peach). After comparing the two, z1 emerged as the preferred formulation. For this formulation, physicochemical and microbiological analyses were conducted. A Greek yoghurt that incorporates peach and STF was developed while satisfying the requirements for “low-fat”, “low-saturated fat”, and “no added sugars” nutrition claims. These are all important features that align with the guidelines provided by the World Health Organization in promoting a healthy diet that encourages reduced fat and saturated fat intake, limited consumption of added sugars, and increased fibre content. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time describing a Greek yoghurt containing STF purée.
Organochlorine pesticide concentrations in serum from patients with thyroid diseases and effects of endosulfan I and o,p’-DDT on lymph node metastases of thyroid cancer
Authors: Lou Xinyu , Chen Dan , Dong Zheng , Fan Yuhao , Wu Ye , Wang Qianqian , Wang Ying , Jin Jun , Liu Zhiyan
Published: February 2025

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are common environmental pollutants. OCPs are detected in human tissues. Many studies have found that OCPs are associated with thyroid diseases, but the specific effects of OCPs on thyroid disease are not clear. We measured and analyzed the concentration of OCPs in the serum of individuals with thyroid disorders. The main components of OCPs in the serum of individuals with thyroid disorders were p,p’-DDE, β-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB). However, the concentration levels of endosulfan I and o,p’-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) showed a tendency to be higher in young adults. In addition, the appearance of thyroid cancer lymph node metastasis also showed a trend of younger age. The serum concentrations of endosulfan I and o,p’-DDT were higher in patients without signs of lymph node metastasis cancer than in individuals diagnosed with thyroid cancer without cancer spread to the lymph nodes. The scratch healing assay showed that endosulfan I and o,p’-DDT-treated experimental group had faster scratch wound healing, which indicated that endosulfan I and o,p’-DDT could promote the enhancement of the migration ability of the thyroid cancer cells, and similar results were obtained by the Transwell migration assay. This study suggests that endosulfan I and o,p’-DDT can promote lymph node metastasis of thyroid cancer.
Smart Contract as a Novel Method of Contracting: Many Unanswered Legal Questions
Authors: Al Mashhour Omar Farouk , Abd Aziz Ahmad Shamsul , Mohd Noor Nor Azlina
Published: February 2025

Smart contracts have shed light on a new era of contract law, which necessitates a proper legal response to address their unique characteristics, including automation, self-enforcement, coded, immutability, and irreversibility. While these features offer significant legal and practical benefits, they raised critical legal questions. The study aims to identify the legal challenges resulting from the implementation of smart contracts through an in-depth examination of various key aspects. To achieve the intended objective, the study adopted qualitative research utilising the library method and analysing data descriptively and analytically. The study revealed that applying the current conventional contract laws is inadequate and would create a bundle of unprecedented legal questions related to all the life cycle of the contracts, such as legal existence, formation and enforcement, jurisdictional issue, mechanism, unlawful activities, as well as the third parties. The study recommended establishing a specialised framework to address various issues, including the establishment of a regulatory and supervisory body, legislative clarification on various aspects of smart contracts’ such as exchange of will, place, and time, coding language and coding errors, essential functions, jurisdiction and enforcement, ADR, external partners such as Oracle and coding experts, in addition to other matters pertaining to validity and admissibility. Future studies may focus on using these questions as a way to measure the viability of their law to address the emergence of smart contracts.
Legal Reforms in Indonesia’s Financial Sector on Institutional Relations between Bank Indonesia and the Government
Authors: Wardhono R. Dwi Tjahja K. , Simatupang Dian Puji Nugraha , Shalehanti Nadhia
Published: February 2025

Legal reform in the financial sector has an important role to play in preparing Indonesia a Golden Indonesia in 2045. The financial sector is very important strategic in the development and welfare Indonesia, supporting its sustainable economic development. Strengthening institutional functions and tasks as well as coordination among ministries and institutions, in this case between the central bank and the government, are essential in order to increase financial system resilience and economic growth. This study analyses financial sector legal reforms that impact institutional relations between central banks and governments by conducting comparative studies of the United States, Japan, Australia, and Thailand. This research also has been updated to present the implications of legal reform in the financial sector on Bank Indonesia's expanding duties and authorities to support a sustainable economy through the enactment of Law Number 4 of 2023 concerning the Development and Strengthening of the Financial Sector. The results of this study show that with the legal reform in the financial sector, there is a new perspective related to Bank Indonesia's independence, which has been adjusted through the adoption of a policy mix prioritising monetary policy. Fiscal authority does not become superior but accommodative as long as it does not conflict with monetary policy interests. The institutional relationship between Bank Indonesia and the government using a policy mix pattern that emphasizes aspects of monetary policy harmonization based on other policy paradigms that are in line with safeguarding broader economic interests.
GenAI in Indian Higher Education: Faculty at the Crossroads of Adoption
Authors: Rahim Mohammad Razi ur , Chauhan Jahangir , Uddin Furquan , K.P Faisal
Published: February 2025

While global institutions embrace GenAI to enhance education, many faculty members in India remain hesitant to adopt it. Earlier research found that only a few studies have examined the adoption of GenAI at the university level, especially in developing countries. Sparsely explores how teachers accept and use GenAI, and they failed to provide a complete picture of its adoption. It highlights a significant research gap. This study provides a complete picture of what influences faculty members in adoption of GenAI. Being, GenAI a part of an information system, a novel construct 'Output Quality' in the TAM is added. The study employed a quantitative, single cross-sectional research design. A total of 455 faculty members from higher education participated, and their responses were analyzed using CB-SEM. The study reveals that perceived ease of use drives adoption the most, followed by perceived usefulness and social norms. Output quality has the most decisive and most significant impact on perceived ease of use. Institutions can inspire GenAI adoption through incentives and recognition. The findings will guide educators, administrators, and policymakers who want to integrate GenAI into higher education.
Optimization of detention ponds for urban stormwater runoff and pollution control in multiple catchments system with analytical probabilistic models and particle swarm
Authors: Aldrees Ali , Dan'azumi Salisu , Abba Sani I.
Published: February 2025

Guidelines are often set at urban catchments' outfalls to avert river pollution, where stormwater is discharged into the river. Analytical probabilistic models (APMs) in conjunction with particle swarm optimization (PSO) were used to design a detention pond system at three sub-catchments of a watershed that discharge into a common point. The objective is to design multiple ponds upstream such that the pollution control target downstream is met at the minimum cost. Given the cost of purchasing land plus the cost of construction/maintenance of the ponds in the sub-catchments, the result shows that pond depths of 2.0 m in all three sub-catchments give the least total cost. A runoff control of 88, 94, and 90%, and pollution control of 59, 45, and 66% were obtained in Ponds 1, 2, and 3, respectively, while satisfying the overall watershed's pollution control target. A sensitivity analysis was conducted by varying the land costs and different performances were obtained. The APM/PSO model can search for the optimum design parameters that satisfy upstream runoff control performances and the overall pollution control target downstream. The advantage of the approach is that it can be applied to any combination of ponds in a larger watershed.
Vita familiare e missione della Chiesa alla luce di Amoris laetitia
Authors: Pesce Francesco
Published: February 2025

Facendo riferimento ai quattro principi della Evangelii gaudium, l'articolo approfondisce il cambiamento di prospettiva sulla realtà familiare provocato dal percorso sinodale sulla famiglia. Si pone la domanda: in cosa dovrebbe consistere o in cosa consiste già? In questo modo viene gettata una nuova luce sulla missione della Chiesa, a partire dall'assunzione di responsabilità nei confronti della vita familiare e della Chiesa come comunità di famiglie, come incoraggia l'esortazione Amoris laetitia. In particolare, tenendo conto della dimensione relazionale, è questa l'elemento che (secondo l'autore) offre gli elementi necessari per comprendere la fede cristiana e l'azione ecclesiale (nelle condizioni contemporanee). Essa (cioè la relazionalità) comprende atteggiamenti come: apprendere uno stile di vicinanza con gli altri, la disponibilità ad apprendere e ad accettare sfide attraverso le diverse esperienze umane, accompagnare le persone nel loro cammino e successivamente avvicinarle le une alle altre. L'attuale papa, Francesco, incoraggia la Chiesa ad adottare questi atteggiamenti (secondo l'autore).
PUBLIUS PACTUMEIUS CLEMENS I PUBLICZNA DZIAŁALNOŚĆ JURYSTÓW RZYMSKICH
Authors: Kuryłowicz Marek
Published: February 2025

Publiusz Pactumeius Clemens został wymieniony jako autor i prawnik jedynie przez klasycznego jurystę Sextusa Pomponiusza w D. 40,7,21,1. Inne jego dzieła nie są znane. Dopiero odnalezienie kamiennej tablicy w afrykańskim mieście Cirta z obszerną inskrypcją CIL VIII 7059 pozwoliło poznać liczne publiczne funkcje, jakie sprawował Pactumeius Clemens w administracji państwowej za panowania cesarzy Hadriana i Antoninusa Piusa, z zaznaczeniem pod koniec, że był on także aktywny jako iuris consultus Dało to asumpt do głębszych rozważań, jakie było zaangażowanie jurystów w okresie pryncypatu w działalność publiczną i funkcje w administracji państwowej. W tym kontekście można też spojrzeć na zagadnienia aktywności rzymskiej jurysprudencji jako „duchowego sportu arystokracji”, „genialną intuicję” jurystów, dostępność prawników dla wszystkich potrzebujących pomocy prawnej oraz kwestię odpłatności za usługi prawnicze, w szczególności na tle aktywności jurystów w administracji państwowej. W tej sytuacji ujawnia się praktyczne znaczenie jurystów niższych kategorii, widocznych w tekstach epigraficznych. W całości wydaje się celowe podjęcie studiów nad wyodrębnieniem w całej jurysprudencji grupy jurystów, zaangażowanych w działalność publiczną, w odróżnieniu od tych, którzy zajmowali się wyłącznie pracą opiniodawczą, naukową i dydaktyczną.
PRAWO PACJENTA DO WYRAżENIA ZGODY NA CZYNNOŚĆ MEDYCZNĄ – WARUNKI PRAWNEJ SKUTECZNOŚCI W KONTEKŚCIE WSPÓŁCZESNYCH WYZWAŃ
Authors: Pacian Jolanta
Published: February 2025

Zgoda pacjenta na czynność medyczną stanowi warunek legalności każdej interwencji medycznej. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie prawa do wyrażenia zgody na czynność medyczną oraz warunków prawnej skuteczności w kontekście współczesnych wyzwań. Aby dana czynność mogła zostać wykonana lege artis, muszą być spełnione warunki skuteczności prawnej takiej czynności. Do tych warunków należą: po pierwsze, osoba udzielająca zgody musi być uprawniona do jej udzielenia; po drugie, zgoda musi być poprzedzona wyczerpującą, zrozumiałą i uzasadnioną informacją; po trzecie, zgoda musi być dobrowolna, czyli musi być wynikiem swobodnej decyzji; po czwarte, czynność stanowiąca przedmiot zgody nie może sprzeciwiać się ustawie ani zasadom współżycia społecznego. Szczególnie złożona jest problematyka wyrażenia zgody przez małoletnich pacjentów oraz osoby ubezwłasnowolnione. Ponadto w praktyce można również wyróżnić przykłady czynności medycznych, takich, które mogą być wykonane bez zgody pacjenta oraz wbrew jego sprzeciwowi. Problematyka zgody została przedstawiona w kontekście współczesnych wyzwań zarówno w odniesieniu do osób wykonujących zawody medyczne, jak i obowiązujących uregulowań prawnych.
PEWNOŚĆ STOSOWANIA PRAWA JAKO ELEMENT BEZPIECZEŃSTWA PRAWNEGO
Authors: Gulińska Emilia
Published: February 2025

Bezpieczeństwo prawne stanowi istotny element demokratycznego państwa prawnego. Obiektywizm i związana z nim realizacja zasady prawdy obiektywnej, do której ustalenia zmierza postępowanie administracyjne, są dobrami, którymi nie można zarządzać. Ustalenie stanu faktycznego w oparciu o dowody istniejące, a nie wyprowadzane w drodze domniemań jest przejawem praworządności. Pewność prawa to także jednolitość jego stosowania, gdyż w demokratycznym państwie prawa niedopuszczalne jest odstąpienie od utrwalonej praktyki rozstrzygania spraw w tożsamym stanie faktycznym i prawnym, bez podania przyczyny. Podmiot administrowany nie może być zaskakiwany zmieniającym się sposobem rozumienia i stosowania prawa. Negatywną konsekwencją takiego działania jest niski stopień zaufania podmiotów administrowanych do organu władzy publicznej. Celem artykułu jest wykazanie, że pewność prawa, jednolitość jego stosowania oraz zasada prawdy obiektywnej stanowią podstawy aksjologiczne i prawne bezpieczeństwa prawnego. Rozważania rozpoczęto analizą zagadnienia pewności prawa, następnie przedstawiono zasadę jednolitości i obiektywizmu stosowania prawa. Podstawą analizy były akty prawne, orzecznictwo Trybunału Konstytucyjnego oraz sądów administracyjnych, a także poglądy doktryny.
POLSKI MODEL TESTU WYPŁACALNOŚCI JAKO NARZĘDZIE ZARZĄDZANIA KONFLIKTEM AGENCYJNYM POMIĘDZY CZŁONKAMI ZARZĄDU PROSTEJ SPÓŁKI AKCYJNEJ A JEJ WIERZYCIELAMI
Authors: Ochmann Paweł
Published: February 2025

Wejście w życie przepisów statuujących prostą spółkę akcyjną wprowadziło do polskiego porządku prawnego bezprecedensowe zmiany i rozwiązania. Odejście od kapitału zakładowego, który dotychczas postrzegany mógł być jako fundament konstrukcji polskich spółek kapitałowych i systemu ochrony wierzycieli, spowodowało wątpliwości dotyczące potencjalnego zagrożenia wierzycieli. Ich pozycję można analizować przez pryzmat teorii agencji, której zastosowanie wpisuje się w nurt ekonomicznej analizy prawa. W świetle teorii agencji można zaryzykować twierdzenie, że konﬂikt agencyjny z udziałem wierzycieli ulega intensyfikacji w prostej spółce akcyjnej. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest weryfikacja prawidłowości tak postawionej tezy i wyjaśnienie charakteru konﬂiktu agencyjnego pomiędzy członkami zarządu a wierzycielami PSA, a także zbadanie testu wypłacalności jako instrumentu służącego zarządzaniu takim konﬂiktem agencyjnym. Dla realizacji tak postawionego celu zbadany zostanie konﬂikt agencyjny i przeanalizowana zostanie natura prostej spółki akcyjnej wraz z instytucją testu wypłacalności. Stanowi ona bowiem mechanizm, za pomocą którego w założeniu ustawodawcy chronieni mają być wierzyciele PSA. W dalszej części test wypłacalności zostanie poddany konfrontacji ze skutkami zakreślonego wcześniej konﬂiktu agencyjnego. W zakończeniu niniejszy artykuł, wykorzystując zaproponowane autorskie rozumienie pojęcia „zarządzania konﬂiktem agencyjnym”, udziela odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy instytucja testu wypłacalności stanowi użyteczny instrument zarządzania tym konﬂiktem.
O RYTUAŁACH FLAMINA I FLAMINKI JOWISZA ORAZ SŁOWA PRZYTOCZONE Z EDYKTU PRETORA, W KTÓRYM OŚWIADCZA,ŻE NIE BĘDZIE ZMUSZAŁ ANI DZIEWIC WESTY, ANI FLAMINA JOWISZA DO PRZYSIĘGANIA AULUS GELLIUS, ‘NOCE ATTYCKIE’ 10,15 TEKST – TŁUMACZENIE – KOMENTARZ
Authors: Zabłocki Jan
Published: February 2025

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Efisiensi Saluran Distribusi Pada Agribisnis Peternakan
Authors: Putra Putu Wirasanjaya , Handrito Radityo Putro
Published: February 2025

This research aims to analyze efficient distribution channels to enhance marketing efficiency in catfish cultivation business at Top Fish Farm, Denpasar. Through interviews, SWOT analysis, Cost and Benefit analysis, and examination of various distribution model business, this study provides recommendations for determining the best distribution channels. The distribution channel models tested include sales to collectors, direct sales, farmers market, e-commerce, box delivery, on farm sales, and pick your own. The findings suggest that integrating several distribution models is an effective strategy to build brand and expand market. In the current production capacity, utilizing a combination of Direct Sales, E-Commerce, Box Delivery, and On Farm Sales enables Top Fish Farm to better respond to diverse market demands. Meanwhile, in business expansion with the assumption of production increasing to 100Kg per day, the primary focus is on Direct Sales to restaurants and traditional eateries, with significant emphasis on Box Delivery. This research provides a strong foundation for Top Fish Farm to design distribution strategies aligned with its business objectives, meet customer demands, and achieve sustainable growth in the fisheries industry.
 
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis saluran distribusi yang efisien untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pemasaran pada usaha budidaya ikan lele di Top Fish Farm, Denpasar. Melalui wawancara dan analisis SWOT, Cost and Benefit dari berbagai model distribusi, penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi untuk penentuan saluran distribusi terbaik. Model saluran distribusi yang diujikan adalah penjualan ke pengepul, direct sales, farmers market, e-commerce, box delivery, on farm sales, dan pick your own. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa integrasi beberapa model distribusi adalah strategi yang efektif untuk membangun merek dan memperluas pasar. Dalam kapasitas produksi saat ini, penggunaan kombinasi Direct Sales, E-Commerce, Box Delivery, dan On Farm Sales akan memungkinkan Top Fish Farm merespons permintaan pasar yang beragam dengan lebih baik. Sementara dalam ekspansi bisnis dengan dengan asumsi produksi meningkat menjadi 100Kg per hari, fokus utama adalah pada Direct Sales ke restoran dan warung lalapan, dengan peningkatan penting pada Box Delivery. Penelitian ini memberikan landasan yang kuat bagi Top Fish Farm untuk merancang strategi distribusi yang sesuai dengan tujuan bisnisnya, memenuhi permintaan pelanggan, dan mencapai pertumbuhan yang berkelanjutan dalam industri perikanan.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Marketplace Dan Qris Terhadap Peningkatan Pendapatan Umkm
Authors: Alifiyah Putri Dwi , Purwanti Lilik
Published: February 2025

This study aims to determine the impact of using marketplace and QRIS in increasing the income of MSMEs in Malang City. This research method uses quantitative research methods. The research population includes MSMEs in Malang City that use the marketplace and QRIS in running their businesses. This study uses primary data with data collection techniques through distributing questionnaires to 89 research samples determined using purposive sampling. The data analysis technique is classical assumption test, multiple linear regression test and hypothesis testing processed with SPSS 25 software. The results of this study indicate that the use of marketplace and QRIS together has a positive and significant effect on increasing MSME business income both partially and simultaneously.
 
Abstrak
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan marketplace dan QRIS terhadap peningkatan pendapatan usaha UMKM di Kota Malang. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian mencakup UMKM di Kota Malang yang menggunakan marketplace dan QRIS dalam menjalankan usahanya. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui penyebaran kuesioner kepada 150 sampel penelitian yang ditentukan menggunakan purposive sampling. Teknik analisis data yaitu uji asumsi klasik, uji regresi linier berganda dan uji hipotesis yang diolah dengan software SPSS 25. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan marketplace dan QRIS secara bersama-sama berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap peningkatan pendapatan usaha UMKM baik secara parsial maupun simultan.
Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Karyawan
Authors: Wardani Aulia
Published: February 2025

It is essential for any company to manage its resource, and this also applies to large firms such as Jatiroto Sugar Company. The human resource in this sugar-producing company must also be addressed properly so that the employees can develop better. The objective of this research is to identify the effects of work motivation and workplace environment on the work productivity of the employees of Jatiroto Sugar Company. Using Slovin formula, the sample number was set to 100. Here permanent and non-permanent employees were involved as the respondents; they were selected using probability sampling. This research uses primary data, acquired from Liker-scaled questionnaires and processed using normality test, heteroscedasticity test, multicollinearity test, coefficient of determination test, F-test, t-test, and multiple linear regression. All of the statistical processes were performed in SPSS 27. This study finds that work motivation and workplace environment partially and simultaneously have positive effects on the employees’ work productivity.
 
Abstrak
Penting dalam suatu perusahaan untuk selalu mengelola sumber daya termasuk pada perusahaan besar seperti Pabrik Gula Jatiroto. Sumber daya manusia di perusahaan penghasil gula tersebut juga tentu harus diperhatikan agar kemampuan karyawan bisa berkembang lebih baik.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh motivasi kerja dan lingkungan kerja terhadap produktivitas kerja karyawan di Pabrik Gula Jatiroto. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini mencakup 100 (seratus) orang karyawan tetap dan non-tetap sebagai responden yang ditentukan oleh metode Slovin. Teknik sampling yang dilakukan adalah teknik probability sampling. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linear berganda. Data primer penelitian ini didapatkan dari wawancara pada beberapa karyawan dan disebarkan melalui kuesioner pada 100 responden (karyawan Pabrik Gula Jatiroto) yang diukur menggunakan alat ukur skala likert. Uji yang digunakan adalah uji normalitas, heterokedastisitas, multikolinearitas, uji koefisien determinasi uji F, uji t, dan analisis regresi linear berganda, dengan bantuan aplikasi hitung SPSS 27. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa motivasi kerja dan lingkungan kerja secara parsial dan simultan berpengaruh positif terhadap produktivtas kerja karyawan.
Studi Perencanaan Bisnis Dalam Rangka Pengembangan Usaha
Authors: Hartono Abiyyu Ammar , Firdausiah Rr. Ayu
Published: February 2025

The growth of snack industry in Indonesia increases significantly every year. Data from multiple sources shows the consistency of this industry's growth. Meanwhile, Blitar Regency has a significant amount of papaya production, but the commodity has not been utilized optimally. This condition has encouraged the emergence of innovative snack businesses, one of which is run by PW Snack. This research aims to overcome a number of current challenges faced by PW Snack and to design strategic steps for its future progress using business planning studies. The data of this qualitative descriptive research was obtained from interviews and documentation. The initial stage of this research includes an in-depth analysis of the company's current conditions, and the next stage is formulating a strategy to develop the business of PW Snack. This research finds that PW Snack has designed a series of strategic steps based on the in-depth analysis of its business conditions. These steps include updates in product packaging, the application of more optimal digital marketing strategies, improvements in the effectiveness of its sales promotions, the application of better consignment and direct marketing management, the use of reselling and dropshipping systems, improvements and updates in the existing resources, the optimization of production SOPs, and enhancement in its financial management.
 
Abstrak
Pertumbuhan industri makanan ringan di Indonesia menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan dari tahun ke tahun. Berdasarkan data dari beberapa sumber menegaskan bahwa industri ini terus mengalami pertumbuhan yang konsisten. Di samping itu, di Kabupaten Blitar memiliki potensi buah pepaya yang melimpah, tetapi belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Kondisi ini menjadi latar belakang yang mendorong munculnya sebuah bisnis makanan ringan inovatif, yaitu PW Snack. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengatasi sejumlah tantangan yang dihadapi oleh PW Snack saat ini, serta merancang langkah-langkah strategis untuk mengembangkan bisnis ke depan menggunakan studi perencanaan bisnis. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif, dengan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan dokumentasi. Tahap awal penelitian melibatkan analisis mendalam terhadap kondisi bisnis saat ini. Setelah itu, dilakukan perancangan bisnis untuk merumuskan strategi yang akan diterapkan dalam pengembangan bisnis PW Snack. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa PW Snack telah merancang serangkaian langkah strategis yang didasarkan pada analisis mendalam terhadap kondisi bisnis saat ini. Langkah-langkah tersebut meliputi pembaruan kemasan produk, penerapan strategi pemasaran digital yang lebih optimal, peningkatan efektivitas promosi penjualan, manajemen pemasaran konsinyasi dan pemasaran langsung yang lebih baik, penggunaan sistem reseller dan dropshipping, peningkatan dan perbaruan dalam sumber daya yang dimiliki, optimalisasi penerapan SOP produksi, dan peningkatan manajemen keuangan.
Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja Berbasis Teori Erg Dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Perawat
Authors: Putri Paramitha Amalia
Published: February 2025

The objective of this research is to asses and explain the effects of (1) work motivation on nurse’s performance, (2) work discipline on nurse’s performance, and (3) work motivation and work discipline on nurse performance. The data of this quantitative explanatory study was analyzed using linear regression. The results indicate that (1) work motivation positively and significantly influences nurse’s performance, (2) that work discipline positively affects the nurse’s performance, and (3) that work motivation and work discipline have positive and significant impacts on the nurse performance.
 
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menjelaskan: 1) pengaruh motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja perawat; 2) pengaruh disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja perawat; 3) pengaruh motivasi kerja dan disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja perawat. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu explanatory research dengan metode kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi linier dan hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu: 1) motivasi kerja memiliki hubungan yang positif signifikan terhadap kinerja perawat; 2) disiplin kerja memiliki hubungan yang positif signifikan terhadap kinerja perawat; 3) motivasi kerja dan disiplin kerja memiliki hubungan yang positif signifikan terhadap kinerja perawat.
Pengaruh Work Engagement Dan Stres Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan
Authors: Burlian Idham Alwi
Published: February 2025

Employee performance at PT. Kampung Coklat Blitar largely experienced this decline due to a decrease in work engagement and an increase in work stress. This research aims to determine the effect of work involvement and work stress on the performance of PT employees. Blitar Chocolate Village. This type of research is explanatory research which aims to test the influence of one variable on another. This research used a sample of 171 respondents at PT. Blitar Chocolate Village. This research instrument uses a questionnaire distributed directly to PT employees. Kampung Coklat Blitar and tested using data analysis, multiple linear regression tests, and hypothesis testing (t test). The results of this test show that work engagement has a positive effect on employee performance. It can be seen that as work-engagement increases, employee performance at PT Kampung Coklat Blitar also increases. Work stress has a negative effect on employee performance. This can be seen as the increase in work stress, the decrease in the performance of PT employees. Blitar Chocolate Village. Employees will potentially leave their jobs due to the high level of work stress they experience.
 
Abstrak
Kinerja karyawan di PT. Kampung Coklat Blitar sebagian besar mengalami penurunan hal ini disinyalir karena penurunan dari work engagement dan kenaikan dari stres kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh work engegement dan stres kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan PT. Kampung Coklat Blitar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah explanatory research yang bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh antara satu variabel dengan variabel lainnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel sebanyak 171 responden di PT. Kampung Coklat Blitar. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner yang disebar secara langsung pada karyawan PT. Kampung Coklat Blitar dan diuji menggunakan analisis data, uji regresi linear berganda, dan uji hipotesis (uji t). Hasil pengujian ini menujukkan work-engagement berpengaruh positif atas kinerja karyawan. Hal tersebut memperlihatkan makin meningkatnya work-engagement maka makin meningkat kinerja karyawan pada PT Kampung Coklat Blitar. Stres kerja berpengaruh negatif atas kinerja karyawan. Hal tersebut memperlihatkan makin meningkat stres kerja maka makin menurun kinerja karyawan PT. Kampung Coklat Blitar. Karyawan akan berpotensi untuk keluar dari pekerjaannya karena tingginya stres kerja yang didapatkan.
Brand Perceptions and Consumer Purchasing Decisions of Hero MotoCorp in the Philippines
Authors: Foster Sheena , Liban Aira Janine Fei B. , Abangley Riham B. , Aninias-Galang Abigail Kristine , L. Tandoc John Louise , Rosario Francis Paolo Del , Deada Dr. Lani D.
Published: February 2025

This study analyzes the relationship of Brand Perception and Consumer Purchasing Decision in the context of the Hero MotoCorps in the Philippines. As the motorcycle market rapidly grow in this country, it become the crucial part for businesses to understand the factors influences consumer choice and enhancing their market position. Brand Perception, that encompasses the beliefs and attitudes of consumers about Hero MotoCorps, plays a significant role in shaping their purchasing decisions, the demographic profile affects how consumers view the brand and influence their purchasing decision. By using a quantitative research design and online survey with 150 respondents, highlights that Hero MotoCorps brand perception influences several key stages of consumer motorcycle purchasing journey. The consumers have their own knowledge about Hero MotoCorps that shapes how they interpreted based on their needs, options, decisions, and feel about their purchase. This provides insight for Hero MotoCorps to focus on cultivating a positive brand image to have a positive impact.
A Welding Defect Detection Algorithm Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Chen Yi , Chang Yan Zuo , Shang Lin Po , Lin Ze Feng , Chen Yong Qi , Yu Liu Yi , Wu Wan Ying , Liu Jun Qi
Published: February 2025

In order to meet the needs of process inspection technology for industrial equipment, image recognition technology based on deep learning has shown great potential in the field of welding defects. In this paper, an improved YOLOv8 algorithm is proposed to improve the welding defect identification ability of the workpiece. Through experimental verification on selected data sets in kaggle, this study evaluates the detection performance of YOLOv8 improved algorithm that integrates SCConv in C2f module at Backbone level. The experimental results show that the improved YOLOv8 has improved the accuracy of welding defect detection compared with the traditional version, and has certain application potential.
Optimization of Growth and Yield of Melon (Cucumis melo L.) on Rooftop through the Application of PGPR and Mycorrhizae
Authors: Bayu Eko Muhammad , Suminarti Nur Edy , Setiawan Adi
Published: February 2025

Melon (Cucumis melo L.) holds significant economic value but faces declining production and export rates in Indonesia due to urbanization and limited agricultural land. Rooftop farming offers a solution, albeit with challenges such as extreme microclimatic conditions and nutrient deficiencies. This study aimed to evaluate the interaction between Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and mycorrhizae in optimizing melon growth and yield under rooftop farming conditions. A split-plot design with four PGPR concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15 ml/L) and three mycorrhizal doses (0, 5, 10 g/plant) was employed. Growth and yield parameters were assessed alongside microclimatic data analysis. Significant interactions were observed between PGPR and mycorrhiza on fresh root weight, total dry weight, and fruit weight. The combination of 15 ml/L PGPR and 10 g/plant mycorrhiza produced the highest improvements, with fruit weight increasing by up to 67% compared to controls. Independent effects on root length, root dry weight, plant height, and leaf count were also observed. The synergistic effects of PGPR and mycorrhiza demonstrate the potential of microbial-based approaches for enhancing crop productivity in urban agricultural systems. These findings support the development of sustainable and adaptive solutions for urban farming challenges.
Kalmyks in the Persian Campaign of 1722: Introducing Some Newly Discovered Documents
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS, Tepkeev Vladimir T. , Kamandzhaev Narma A. ,   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS
Published: February 2025

Introduction. Recent times witness an increased interest in the written heritage of the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Russian-Kalmyk interactions. So, the paper introduces some collections from a variety of previously unpublished orders and edicts of Peter I and Khan Ayuka from the period of (including preceding arrangements) the 1722 Persian Campaign. Goals. The work seeks to present a number of newly discovered document narratives pertaining to Russian-Kalmyk relations in Peter the Great’s era. Materials. The article focuses on collections of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts and Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire that contain unique correspondence materials between the Kalmyk ruler and the Russian emperor. Results. Publications of such documents shall essentially contribute to the study of the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Russian-Kalmyk contacts. The text mentions most interesting details of how Kalmyk cavalry units would prepare and participate in the Persian Campaign of 1722. Conclusions. Essentials of Peter the Great’s orders and edicts — as well as those of Khan Ayuka — attest to the Russian government was perfectly aware of the actual situation along its southern borders. The edict’s text shows the government did pay particular attention to military training of irregular troops, and sought to secure the latter receive comprehensive support and stipulated combat pays.
Pristav Directorates in the Central Caucasus and Southern Steppe Ciscaucasia, 1800–1803: Migration as a Transformation Factor
Authors:   Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the RAS, Abazov Alexey  Kh.
Published: February 2025

Introduction. The article examines migration as a factor for the transformation of the system of pristav directorates in the Central Caucasus and southern steppe Ciscaucasia between 1800 and1803. Goals. The work seeks to identify some specifics of how authorities and officials would approach the issue of resettling Iki-Dorbet Kalmyks that had left lands of the Don Host for those of Astrakhan Governorate in 1800, to outline certain features inherent to the transformation of pristav directorates in 1800–1803 through the example of the established position of Chief Pristav and subsequent separation of the latter’s office. Materials and methods. The study employs the chronological, historical genetic, historical systemic methods, and involves an institutional approach to analyze some newly discovered documentary narratives from the Russian State Historical Archive and National Archive of Kalmykia. Results. Particular attention is given to the circumstances and key directions of activities undertaken by authorities to determine the territorial jurisdiction (subordination) of the Chief Pristav’s Office in 1800–1801, with due regard of how territorial jurisdictions of other pristav directorates would be reshaped after the Kalmyk People’s Chief Pristav’s Office was established in 1801. Conclusions. In the early eighteenth century, internal migrations remained an important factor when it came to transform the then system of pristav directorates across the Central Caucasus and southern steppe Ciscaucasia. The measures undertaken by authorities did contribute to the strengthening of the Russian government apparatus in the south of the country, and yielded somewhat comfortable conditions for the incorporation of the region’s indigenous peoples — into Imperial Russia’s political and legal environments.
‘Undisputed and Eternal Hereditary Possession of Lands Assigned to the Colony of Sarepta’: On the Settlement of Herrnhut Brethren in Kalmyk Steppe
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS, Saryaeva Rayma G.
Published: February 2025

Introduction. Relocations of foreigners would be conducted by the Tsarist government under Catherine II, Paul I and Alexander I to populate steppes of South Russia, secure the latter from attacks launched by nomadic groups, and gain additional economic benefits from land use. Under Catherine II, another reason for inviting the former became the urgent need to populate the newly acquired lands — southern territories captured in the aftermath of the two Russo-Turkish wars, and some western domains obtained through the partitions of Poland. So, the Government tended to welcome foreign colonists en masse — the French, Swedes, Bulgarians, Serbs, Germans and others. Goals. The paper attempts a reconstruction of how Germans representing the Unity of Brethren of Herrnhut appeared and settled in Russia’s south. To facilitate these, the work shall analyze eighteenth- and nineteenth-century government documents, examine ethnographic and statistical accounts authored by scholars and officials from the period in question, with due attention be paid to notes of travelers from the period in question and writings of modern researchers. Results. The study shows why and how foreigners would choose to settle in Russia — from the reign of Peter the Great and his predecessors to the government measures under Catherine II and subsequent emperors. Conclusions. The first and only Russia’s settlement of the Herrnhut Brethren (Germany) proved a successful experience of colonization across the undeveloped agricultural areas of South Russia. Sarepta did make a significant contribution to the development of the Lower Volga — and would serve an important economic and cultural stronghold of the region.
Export of Education: Why Foreigners Prefer to Study in Russian Regions
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS, Badmaeva Nogan V. , Chimbeeva Irina E. ,   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS
Published: February 2025

Introduction. The national education system is supposed to develop mobility and increase exports of Russian education. In the mean time, the government strives to redirect flows of educational migrants from megalopolises and cities — towards regions. Educational services to foreign citizens entail a variety of social, political and economic benefits. Recent years witness increased numbers of students from abroad that choose to attend university-level programs or preliminary ones at Russia’s regional institutions, while the former are distributed not that evenly between the latter. This might arise from economic and geographic factors, academic reputations of universities, educational infrastructures, existing informal or cultural contacts. Goals. The article examines the Republic of Kalmykia and neighboring federal subjects to articulate some aspects of educational migration to Russia’s regions essential for foreign students. Materials and methods. The paper analyzes statistical data on foreign students and their distribution across some South Russian regions, such as Rostov, Volgograd and Astrakhan oblasts, Stavropol Region, Kalmykia and Dagestan. The study involves a sociological survey of foreign students at the Gorodovikov Kalmyk State University, a key research method being the comparative analysis one. Results. . Our insight into foreign student data for universities of the specified regions (academic year 2018–2019) shows Rostov Oblast hosted the largest number of foreigners, while the latter’s share proved utmost in Astrakhan Oblast, with Kalmykia ranked next, and Volgograd Oblast in the third place. In virtually all the regions, the bulk of foreigners take medical and technical university programs. The survey indicates the essential factors in choosing Russia include — quality and accessibility of education, good living conditions, further training and employment prospects, citizenship opportunities. The choice of Kalmykia is usually prompted by the advice from friends and relatives who have already studied in the region, by relatively low tuition fees and dormitory accommodation costs. Another mentioned advantage of Elista (Kalmykia’s administrative center) proves its small size and, consequently, reduced home-to-university travel times. Conclusions. Our distribution analysis for the examined South Russian regions shows larger territories — such as Rostov and Volgograd oblasts, Stavropol Krai, and the Republic of Dagestan — somewhat fail to use the full potential of attracting foreign students.
The Mawlid Tradition in Works of Early Twentieth-Century Central Asian Poets: Historical and Literary Aspects
Authors:   Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Tadzhiуev Khamidulla Kh. , Shakenova Maigul T. ,   Auezov South Kazakhstan University
Published: February 2025

Introduction. The article examines the literary tradition of ‘Mawlid’ in works of early twentieth-century Central Asian poets, the latter be represented by Kazakh and Uzbek authors. Central Asian literature proves a synthesis of Islam and the Turkic world that would articulate the history of Islam for religious and educational purposes, develop motifs, plots, images from the Quran, Hadiths and other religious texts. The literary Mawlid tradition celebrating the Prophet Muhammad’s birthday (PBUH) holds a particular place in Muslim culture. In the literature of Central Asia of the early twentieth century this tradition acquired a special significance since it would combine elements of classical Islamic literature and local cultural features. Goals. The study seeks to consider how the literary tradition of Mawlid formed, its thematic and genre originality, and the role of such works in the world of Islam. Materials and methods. The article provides a historical/literary analysis into Mawlid-type works by Kazakh and Uzbek poets from the period in question, in particular, dastans by Mulla Yoʻldosh Xilvatiy (Mawlid [al-] Sharif) and Shadi Zhangiruly (Siyar Sharif). The original texts examined herein are housed at the Institute of Oriental Studies (Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan) and Institute of Turkic Studies (Manuscript Collection, Ahmet Yassawi University). Results. The paper outlines thematic scopes of the texts, their genre and artistic originality, identifies some key references and reminiscences from the Quran and Hadiths, explains their utmost didactic potential in transmitting religious and moral values, in strengthening faith and national identity. Conclusions. The religious and literary narratives made a significant contribution to the development of Mawlid traditions in Uzbek and Kazakh literatures in the early twentieth century.
Wind-Related Terms in Mongolic Languages: Etymology and Semantics
Authors:   Institute of Linguistics of the RAS, Dybo Anna V. ,   Gorodovikov Kalmyk State University, Kukanova Viktoria V. ,   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS, Lidzhieva Liudmila A. ,   Gorodovikov Kalmyk State University, Bembeev Evgeny V. ,   Gorodovikov Kalmyk State University, Golubeva Evgenia V. ,   Gorodovikov Kalmyk State University
Published: February 2025

Introduction. The article examines etymologies and semantics of wind-related terms in the Mongolic languages. Goals. The study primarily seeks to identify some etymological and semantic–typological features inherent to the specified thematic group of the general Mongolian lexicon. The concept of wind is included in the basic vocabulary and, in particular, can be traced in most languages of the world. Materials and methods. The work investigates a variety of Mongolic dictionaries, these be supplemented with etymological insights into the Mongolian vocabulary and certain dictionaries of other Altaic languages, field data of expeditions aimed at compiling context-based Swadesh lists for dialects of Mongolic languages. Results. The paper indentifies a total of 25 wind names in the Mongolic languages. The analysis shows there are a significant number of proto-Mongolic terms for wind and their varieties. All of them are authentic (i.e., essentially Mongolic) and have reliable Altaic parallels. The six lexemes — kei ‘air, wind’, *sal-kïn ‘wind, air’, *kuyï(n) ‘whirlwind, tornado’, *sïhurgan ‘blizzard, snowstorm’, *boruhan ‘storm with snow or rain’, *serihün ‘coolness; cool; fresh breeze’ — are reconstructed only from proto-Mongolic stems. Meanwhile, such lexical units as *kabsur-ga ‘cold dry wind’, *ǰïbar ‘coolness, freshness; wind’, ǰüse ‘strong, sudden wind; prolonged rain’; *simarga ‘snowstorm with sleet’, *sebsihen ‘fresh, light breeze’, *sense ‘light breeze’ are probably proto-Northern Mongolian neologisms. The words formed in some Mongolic languages from verbs expressing similar concepts (‘to fan’, ‘to wave’, ‘to be cool’) have also been traced.