bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urinary calprotectin as a diagnostic tool for detecting significant bacteriuria
Authors: Waldecker-Gall Sabina , Waldecker Christoph B. , Babel Nina , Baraliakos Xenofon , Seibert Felix , Westhoff Timm H.
Published: May 2024

Pyuria in dipstick examination serves as the most widespread screening tool for urinary tract infections (UTI). The absence of pyuria, however, does not exclude UTI. We investigated the diagnostic value of urinary calprotectin, a mediator protein of the innate immune system, which is released by leukocytes, for the detection of UTI and compared it with dipstick pyuria. Since even low numbers of leukocytes in the urine significantly increase urinary calprotectin concentrations, calprotectin might be a more sensitive marker than pyuria detected by dipstick. All 162 patients were prospectively included and underwent a urine dipstick, urine culture, quantification of proteinuria and determination of calprotectin in the urine. Urinary calprotectin was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). UTI was defined as urine cultures with detection of one or a maximum of two uropathogenic bacteria with ≥ 105 colony-forming units per millilitre (CFU/ml). Exclusion criteria were acute kidney injury, chronic renal insufficiency and tumors of the urinary tract. 71 (43.8%) patients had a UTI. Of the 91 patients without UTI, 23 had a contamination and 19 had evidence of ≥ 105 CFU/ml considered to be asymptomatic bacteriuria. The median calprotectin concentration in patients with UTI and pyuria was significantly higher than in patients with UTI and without pyuria (5510.4 vs. 544.7 ng/ml). In ROC analyses, calprotectin revealed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.70 for the detection of significant bacteriuria. Pyuria in dipstick examinations provided an AUC of 0.71. There was no significant difference between these AUCs in the DeLong test (p = 0.9). In patients with evidence of significant bacteriuria but without pyuria, a significantly higher calprotectin concentration was measured in the urine than in patients with neither pyuria nor UTI (544.7 ng/ml vs 95.6 ng/ml, p = 0.029). Urinary calprotectin is non-inferior to dipstick pyuria in the detection of UTI.
Shining a light on UV-fluorescent floral nectar after 50 years
Authors: Zenchyzen Brandi , Acorn John H. , Merkosky Kian , Hall Jocelyn C.
Published: May 2024

Nature is aglow with numerous captivating examples of UV-fluorescence in the animal kingdom. Despite a putative role as a visual signal, exploration of UV-fluorescence in plants and its role in plant-animal interactions is lagging in comparison. Almost 50 years ago, UV-fluorescence of floral nectar, a crucial reward for pollinators, was reported for 23 flowering plant species. Since this intriguing discovery, UV-fluorescent nectar has only seldom been addressed in the scientific literature and has not been scrutinized in a phylogenetic or ecological context. Here, we report the prevalence of vibrant UV-fluorescent floral nectar across the family Cleomaceae, including the first photographic documentation in vivo colour for flowering plants. Though Cleomaceae flowers are morphologically diverse varying in colour, nectary prominence, and nectar volume, UV-fluorescent floral nectar may be a ubiquitous characteristic of the family. Fluorescence spectra show that the identity and number of fluorescent compounds in floral nectar may differ among Cleomaceae species. As Cleomaceae pollinators range from insects to bats and birds, we suggest that the UV-fluorescent floral nectar not only functions as a visual cue for the diurnal pollinators but also for the nocturnal/crepuscular pollinators in low light settings.
Kinematic descriptors of arm reaching movement are sensitive to hemisphere-specific immediate neuromodulatory effects of transcranial direct current stimulation post stroke
Authors: Lowenthal-Raz Justine , Liebermann Dario G. , Friedman Jason , Soroker Nachum
Published: May 2024

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) exerts beneficial effects on motor recovery after stroke, presumably by enhancement of adaptive neural plasticity. However, patients with extensive damage may experience null or deleterious effects with the predominant application mode of anodal (excitatory) stimulation of the damaged hemisphere. In such cases, excitatory stimulation of the non-damaged hemisphere might be considered. Here we asked whether tDCS exerts a measurable effect on movement quality of the hemiparetic upper limb, following just a single treatment session. Such effect may inform on the hemisphere that should be excited. Using a single-blinded crossover experimental design, stroke patients and healthy control subjects were assessed before and after anodal, cathodal and sham tDCS, each provided during a single session of reaching training (repeated point-to-point hand movement on an electronic tablet). Group comparisons of endpoint kinematics at baseline—number of peaks in the speed profile (NoP; smoothness), hand-path deviations from the straight line (SLD; accuracy) and movement time (MT; speed)—disclosed greater NoP, larger SLD and longer MT in the stroke group. NoP and MT revealed an advantage for anodal compared to sham stimulation of the lesioned hemisphere. NoP and MT improvements under anodal stimulation of the non-lesioned hemisphere correlated positively with the severity of hemiparesis. Damage to specific cortical regions and white-matter tracts was associated with lower kinematic gains from tDCS. The study shows that simple descriptors of movement kinematics of the hemiparetic upper limb are sensitive enough to demonstrate gain from neuromodulation by tDCS, following just a single session of reaching training. Moreover, the results show that tDCS-related gain is affected by the severity of baseline motor impairment, and by lesion topography.
Discriminatory ability of perioperative heart rate variability in predicting postoperative complications in major urologic surgery: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Ryan Talia , Walker Andrew M. , Liepert David
Published: May 2024

We aimed to determine if continuous perioperative heart rate variability (HRV) monitoring could improve risk stratification compared to a short preoperative measurement in radical cystectomy patients. Electrocardiography (ECG) recordings were collected continuously preoperatively to discharge in 83 patients. Two, 5-min ECG signal segments (preoperative and at 24-h post ECG placement) were analyzed offline to extract HRV metrics. HRV metric discriminatory ability to identify patients with 30-day postoperative complications were analyzed using receiver operating characteristics curves. Sixty participants were included for analysis of which 27 (45%) developed a complication within 30 days postoperative. HRV was reduced in patients with complications. Postoperative standard deviation NN intervals and root mean square of successive differences had area under the curves (AUC) of 0.67 (95% CI 0.54 to 0.81) and 0.68 (95% CI 0.54 to 0.82), respectively. Significant discriminatory abilities were also reported for postoperative frequency metrics of absolute low frequency (LF) [AUC = 0.65 (95% CI 0.51 to 0.79)] and high frequency (HF) powers [AUC = 0.69 (95% CI 0.55 to 0.83)] and total power [AUC = 0.66 (95% CI 0.53 to 0.80)]. Postoperative acquired HRV metrics demonstrated improved discriminatory ability. Our findings suggest that longer-term perioperative HRV monitoring presents with superior ability to stratify complication risk.
Research on the mechanism of academic stress on occupational burnout in Chinese universities
Authors: Cao Jifeng , Dai Tongliang , Dong Hua , Chen Jingyuan , Fan Yuejin
Published: May 2024

In recent years, with the unremitting advancement of higher education reform, academics have been experiencing stress associated with conducting scientific research. In this study focusing on university teachers in China, we adopted a stepwise regression method and reviewed related literature to construct a mechanism of academic stress and occupational burnout. Specifically, we tested job satisfaction and relative deprivation as mediating and moderating variables and conducted empirical research on 1239 teachers from 15 universities in eastern, central, and western China. Our findings show that: (1) academic stress has a significant positive effect on occupational burnout; (2) job satisfaction has a partial role as the intermediary agent between academic stress and occupational burnout; and (3) relative deprivation positively moderates the relationship between academic stress and job satisfaction, indicating that teachers in universities and colleges are also affected by relative deprivation and the perception of inequity. These findings have significant value in the management of higher education and academic research.
Neutralizing antibody responses and cellular responses against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants after mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Kawashiro Keita , Suzuki Rigel , Nogimori Takuto , Tsujino Shuhei , Iwahara Naoya , Hirose Takayuki , Okada Kazufumi , Yamamoto Takuya , Fukuhara Takasuke , Hotta Kiyohiko , Shinohara Nobuo
Published: May 2024

Although the mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine has improved the mortality rate in the general population, its efficacy against rapidly mutating virus strains, especially in kidney transplant recipients, remains unclear. We examined the anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein IgG antibody and neutralizing antibody titers and cellular immunity against B.1.1, BA.1, and BA.5 antigens in 73 uninfected kidney recipients and 16 uninfected healthy controls who received three doses of an mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. The IgG antibody titers were significantly lower in recipients than in healthy controls. Similarly, neutralizing antibody titers against three viral variants were significantly lower in recipients. When the virus was mutated, the neutralizing antibody titers decreased significantly in both groups. In cellular immunity analysis, the number of spike-specific CD8 + non-naïve T cells against three variants significantly decreased in recipients. Conversely, the frequency of spike-specific Th2 CD4 + T-cells in recipients was higher than that in healthy controls. Nineteen recipients and six healthy controls also received a bivalent omicron-containing booster vaccine, leading to increase IgG and neutralizing antibody titers in both groups. After that, eleven recipients and five healthy controls received XBB.1.5 monovalent vaccines, increasing the neutralizing antibody titers against not only XBB.1.5, but also EG.5.1 and BA.2.86 antigens in kidney recipients. Although kidney recipients did not gain sufficient immunity against Omicron BA.5 with the third dose of vaccine, humoral response against mutant SARS-CoV-2 lineages significantly increased after bivalent Omicron-containing booster vaccine and the XBB.1.5 monovalent vaccine. Therefore, it is important for kidney recipients to continue to administer updated vaccines.
Mastering thermal transport across carbon nanotube contacts through morphological control
Authors: Li Dawei , Takahashi Koji , Li Qin-Yi
Published: May 2024

Thermally conductive nanomaterials hold great promise for applications in thermal management. However, the interfaces between nanomaterials can significantly impede heat flow, and a comprehensive understanding of thermal transport across nanoscale contacts is highly desired. Here, by integrating a movable nano-manipulator within an electron microscope with a nanofabricated thermal sensor, we adjusted the contact positions, overlapping length, and crossing angles between two carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as desired, while concurrently measuring the thermal contact resistance (TCR) at the van der Waals junction. The TCR far surpassed that of the studied 6 μm-long CNTs, particularly in contacts affected by inevitable nanoscale surface contamination. The TCR per unit area exhibited significant variations across different contact morphologies, spanning two orders of magnitude even for identical pairs of samples, attributable to structural non-uniformity within the CNTs. This in-situ approach and the notable morphology effects can guide the control of heat at the nanoscale.
In vitro screening of the impact of dietary prebiotic components, probiotic strains, and their symbiotic combinations on colonic microbiota in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Viteri-Echeverría Jazmín , Andrés Ana , Calvo-Lerma Joaquim , Heredia Ana , García-Hernández Jorge , Asensio-Grau Andrea
Published: May 2024

Children with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) are more likely to have intestinal dysbiosis due to recurrent antibiotic therapy and the conventional hypercaloric diet administered to them.
Influence of Cr3+ cluster defects on crystal structure and optical properties of KDP crystals studied by DFT and UV-Vis
Authors: Li Yang , Zhang Lisong , Sun Xun , Xu Mingxia , Liu Baoan , Zhao Xian , Hao Guokai , Bai Jianyu , Lin Xiaojing
Published: May 2024

Cr3+ cluster defects induce impurity states in the crystal band gap, which may cause multiphoton absorption and optical absorption in KDP crystals under a 355 nm laser.
Impact of supporting nanometric membranes on the thermo-optical dynamics of individual plasmonic nanodisks
Authors: Panais Clément , Lascoux Noëlle , Marguet Sylvie , Maioli Paolo , Banfi Francesco , Vallée Fabrice , Del Fatti Natalia , Crut Aurélien
Published: May 2024

The cooling dynamics of single gold nanodisks supported on nanometric membranes and their optical detection are investigated using time-resolved optical spectroscopy and numerical simulations.
Novel octacationic-resorcin[4]arenes featuring quaternary ammonium groups as multivalent biocides
Authors: Ferrara Vittoria , Iuliano Veronica , Neri Placido , Geremia Silvano , Hickey Neal , Di Stasio Luca , Vigliotta Giovanni , Paolella Gaetana , Caputo Ivana , Della Sala Paolo , Gaeta Carmine , Talotta Carmen
Published: May 2024

We obtained Multi-QACs (quaternary ammonium compounds) by introducing tetraalkylammonium groups on the wider rim of resorcin[4]arenes. These new compounds exhibit significant bacteriostatic activity and a surprising multivalent effect.
Recent advances in CO2 reduction with renewable reductants under hydrothermal conditions: towards efficient and net carbon benefit CO2 conversion
Authors: Tang Zien , Liu Xu , Yang Yang , Jin Fangming
Published: May 2024

Fast CO2 reduction with renewable reductants under hydrothermal conditions for efficient and net carbon benefit CO2 conversion.
Modulation of d-band electron enables efficient CO2 electroreduction towards CO on Ni nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Lei , Kong Yan , Cai Huizhu , Sun Jianju , Jiang Xingxing , Li Xuan , Hu Qi , Yang Hengpan , He Chuanxin
Published: May 2024

Modulating the d-band electron of Ni nanoparticles brings forth efficient CO2 electroreduction to CO with >90% selectivity.
Performance and failure mechanisms of alkaline zinc anodes with addition of calcium zincate (Ca[Zn(OH)3]2·2H2O) under industrially relevant conditions
Authors: Yang Patrick K. , Turney Damon E. , Nyce Michael , Wygant Bryan R. , Lambert Timothy N. , O'Brien Stephen , Yadav Gautam G. , Weiner Meir , Yang Shinju , Hawkins Brendan E. , Banerjee Sanjoy
Published: May 2024

Various zinc anodes with increasing calcium zincate (0%, 30%, 70%, 100%) were cycled at 50% theoretical Zn utilization to investigate cycle life and estimated cost. Failure mechanisms of majority 70% Zn/30% CaZn anodes are compared with pure CaZn.
Federated knowledge distillation for enhanced insulator defect detection in resource‐constrained environments
Authors: Huang Xiaohu , Jia Minghui , Tai Xianghua , Wang Wei , Hu Qi , Liu Dongping , Guo Peiheng , Tian Shengxiang , Yan Dequan , Han Haishan
Published: May 2024

Insulator defect detection is crucial for the stable operation of power systems. It has become a mainstream research direction to realise insulator defect detection based on the combination of line images captured by UAVs and deep learning techniques. However, the existing high‐quality insulator defect detection models still face problems such as relying on massive‐labelled data and huge model parameters. Especially on resource‐constrained devices, it becomes a challenge to strike a balance between model lightweighting and performance. Although the knowledge distillation technique provides a solution for model lightweighting, the loss of information in the distillation process leads to the performance degradation of small models, which in turn creates a paradox between lightweighting and performance. Hence, an insulator defect detection method based on federated knowledge distillation is proposed. The method not only realises the lightweighting of the model, but also effectively improves the model performance by collaboratively training the model through the federated learning approach. Moreover, the asynchronous aggregation approach and model freshness mechanism designed in the method further enhance the training efficiency and collaborative effect. The experimental results show that the detection accuracy and efficiency of this paper's method on public datasets are significantly better than the benchmark algorithm.
Accumulation characteristics of precipitation static on rotating wind turbine blades and its influence on the lightning attachment characteristics
Authors: Jiang Lingfeng , Jiang Zhenglong , Lu Jiazheng , Hu Dexiong , Xie Pengkang , Huang Xiaoqi
Published: May 2024

The linear velocity at the tip of large wind turbine blades can reach 100 m/s, generating static electricity through friction with airborne particles. However, the accumulation characteristics of precipitation static on the blade surface and its impact on the lightning attachment characteristics are rarely reported. The authors constructed a platform for measuring charges on rotating wind turbine blades and employed the electrostatic probe method to obtain the accumulation characteristics of surface charges under different environmental conditions. The experimental results show that positive charges accumulate on the blade surfaces, peaking at 0.69 μC/m2 under experimental conditions. The charge density is positively correlated with airborne particle concentration and blade rotation speed, while it is negatively correlated with relative air humidity. Additionally, the authors developed a model of the electric field distribution on wind turbine blades considering the effects of precipitation static. Simulation results indicate that the electrostatic field induced by precipitation static weakens the field strength in the vicinity of receptors, reaching a minimum of only 38% of the original strength, thereby increasing the probability of lightning protection failure. The findings provide an effective supplement to the lightning attachment mechanism of rotating wind turbine blades.
Identifying the plane position of the receiver coil in a multi‐transmitter IPT system through the identification of parameters
Authors: Li Da , Sun Pan , Wu Xusheng , Liang Yan , Liu Yilin
Published: May 2024

The study introduces a method for identifying the location of receiver coils within a multi‐transmitter IPT system that utilizes shared transmitter coils. In contrast to the conventional receiver coil position recognition methods, this approach eliminates the need for additional detection coils and position sensors. Identifying the location of the receiver coil in a multi‐transmitter IPT system is achieved through the concurrent optimization of the transmitter coil and its electrical characteristics. The study presents the design of coil grouping and control mechanisms for a 3×3 multi‐transmitter. A mathematical model has been developed for the mutual inductance between receiver and transmitter coils on the X–Y plane. Adaptive cooperative particle swarm optimizer (ACPSO) facilitates the identification of mutual inductance and load parameters in a multi‐transmitter IPT system, positioning the receiver coil in a 2D plane using genetic particle swarm optimization (GAPSO) and a mutual inductance mathematical model. The discrepancy in accuracy between the receiver coil's test coordinates and the absolute coordinates remains below 3.5%.
Evaluation of the development effect of polydynamic drive in Class IIB oil reservoir of Lamadian Oilfield
Authors: Sun Yanli
Published: May 2024

With the continuous deepening of oilfield development, the target of oilfield development is gradually shifting towards reservoirs with poor physical properties, and polymer flooding can better utilize such reservoirs.The heterogeneity of Class II B oil layer in Lamadian Oilfield is severe, and polymer flooding takes effect later, with a small decrease in watercut.A study was conducted on the evaluation of polymer flooding development effectiveness for Class II B oil layers through reservoir numerical simulation . Research has shown that when the initial watercut is constant, a lower injection pressure can increase the utilization degree of remaining oil in the middle and high permeability layers of Class II B oil layers. With the increase of injection pressure, the response time is shortened, and the decrease in watercut is reduced; As the watercut increases, the injection pressure should gradually increase in order to improve the recovery of low permeability reservoirs;As the watercut increases, the injection pressure should gradually increase in order to improve the recovery of low permeability oil layers;At a watercut of 95% and injection pressure of 7MPa, a field experiment was conducted with a molecular weight polymer of 12 million , and the response time was 6 months. The cumulative oil increase was 14675m3, achieving good polymer flooding effect.
Optimization design of oil well fracturing scheme in X block of Daqing Oilfield
Authors: Xu Huizhuo
Published: May 2024

With the continuous development of oil fields, the remaining oil in conventional old oil fields is gradually reduced after long-term water drive development. Fracturing can change the original water drive flow channel and increase the oil production of oil Wells. After long-term water flooding development, the oil production of oil Wells in Block X of Daqing oilfield has gradually decreased, and fracturing is needed to increase production. However, Block X has three target reservoirs, and the two formations are close to each other, so stratified fracturing cannot be realized by conventional stage fracturing technology. Therefore, flow limiting method is needed to control the fracture initiation of oil formations. And each layer can be better used. The overall fracturing effect is poor, and it is necessary to carry out a separate optimization design for the control technology of fracture height. The overall fracturing sequence is: first press the third stage, then press the first stage and the second fracturing stage. There is no interference between the 19th layer and the 20th layer, and the fracturing effect is good. For the 19th small layer, the fracture half-length is about 48m, and the 20th small layer half-length is about 55m, which achieves the expected fracturing effect.
Study on the limit of ineffective cycle control in Lamadian Oilfield in the late period of ultra-high water cut
Authors: Li Hui
Published: May 2024

The ineffective circulation in Lamadian oilfield is mainly banded ineffective circulation and dendritic ineffective circulation, and the ratio of ineffective circulation to the total well production is mostly concentrated below 40%. Therefore, this paper first divides the levels of ineffective circulation and simulates the proportion of liquid production in different levels of ineffective circulation to get the limits of ineffective circulation management. The results showed that the invalidation index R < 0.2 was a fourth-grade invalidation cycle, 0.2≤R < 0.3 was a third-grade invalidation cycle, 0.3≤R < 0.4 was a second-grade invalidation cycle, and R≥0.4 was a first-grade invalidation cycle. The reduction of water injection in the planar heterogeneous layer will lead to the decrease of cumulative oil production, and the discrimination index R is small, and the reduction range is almost unchanged. When the discriminant index R is above 0.4, the reduction of cumulative oil production increases significantly.
Study on the seepage characteristics and influencing factors of low permeability reservoir based on microscopic seepage experiments in real sandstones-taking Dongsheng gas field in Hangjinqi area as an example
Authors: Zhang Zhanyang , Lei Tao , Hao Ting , Wu Jianbiao , Guo Hui , Chen Di , Zhu Yushuang
Published: May 2024

Taking the dense sandstone gas reservoirs of Shibang Group and Shanxi Group in Dongsheng area of Ordos Basin as an example, based on the characterization of the dense sandstone reservoirs in the study area in terms of petrological features, pore structure and diagenesis, we carried out real sandstone microscopic seepage experiments to analyze the gas-water seepage law and fluid storage state of different types of reservoirs, and systematically evaluated the efficiency of gas-water repulsion from the dense sandstone reservoirs and the microscopic influencing factors. The results show that the study area has strong non-homogeneity and different degrees of pore density, so a variety of fluid transportation channels are formed, and different transportation channels represent different types of evacuation. When the residual pore space and dense sandstone microporous space exist at the same time, gas and water are mainly transported along the residual pore space, and the microporous space of the dense particles almost does not enter; gas and water transport is very much affected by permeability, and the transport resistance will increase with the decrease of permeability; the pressure has a certain effect on the efficiency of the replacement, but it can only improve the efficiency of the replacement to a certain extent; the fluids in the process of rock transport, there will be varying degrees of bubbles stuck off In the process of fluid transport in the rock, there will be different degrees of bubble jamming phenomenon, resulting in the transport needs to overcome a large capillary resistance, which greatly increases the replacement pressure; for the low-permeability sandstones in Hangjinqi area, the good homogeneity of the pore structure of the conductor does not mean that the transport effect is good, in the area of the conductor pore space is strongly developed, the gas-water transport will form an advantageous channel, and its transport effect is better.
A New Calculation Method of Well Leakage in Gas Well with Annular Pressure
Authors: Yuan Shaoping , Luo Heng , Wu Haijun
Published: May 2024

The gradual promotion of the concept of gas well integrity has made major oil and gas fields pay more and more attention to the integrity management and evaluation of gas wells with annular pressure. Annular leakage rate is one of the key parameters for gas well integrity evaluation. However, the leakage rate measurement of high-temperature, high-pressure, and acid-containing gas wells has high risks and costs, which are often difficult to obtain in field operations. In order to obtain the bottom hole leakage rate parameters of the gas well to assist the integrity evaluation, this article is based on the safety valve leakage model and the small hole leakage model, combined with the characteristics of the gas well with annulus pressure, the idea of applying the annulus leakage rate calculation from the perspective of model mechanism is analysed, and the model parameters are clarified as well. The application of the two leak models is compared by case wells calculation, which verifies their rationality and feasibility. The research of this paper provides a theoretical basis for the leakage evaluation of gas well with annular pressure, and promotes development of gas well integrity management research.
Simulation of the effect of horizontal airflow channel on natural ventilation in apartments
Authors: Yu Xichen , Cheng Mingyuan
Published: May 2024

Natural ventilation has an important impact on people's work and life. Reasonable use of natural ventilation can effectively improve indoor air quality and thermal comfort, reduce the use of air conditioning and reduce energy consumption. With the continuous development of urbanization, many apartments cannot effectively use natural ventilation. This paper uses CFD simulation to analyze the improvement effect of indoor ventilation after the installation of airflow channel in residential public transportation. The results show that the horizontal airflow channel can improve the indoor air environment and effectively reduce the dissatisfaction rate of indoor thermal comfort and indoor air age.
An overview on carbon emission accounting systems and method at home and abroad
Authors: Pan Hua , Liu Chang , Pei Yiqiao , Liu Rongshun
Published: May 2024

Carbon emission accounting is the basic premise for accurately grasping the change trend of carbon emissions, effectively carrying out various carbon emission reduction work, and promoting the green transformation of economy. It is also an important basis for different levels of entities to implement emission reduction tasks and evaluate the completion effect. At present, China attaches great importance to the construction of carbon emission accounting system, and has achieved certain results, but the existing accounting system has been difficult to adapt to the new requirements of China's carbon emission reduction work. Therefore, this paper starts from the carbon emission accounting methods, summarizes the current domestic and foreign carbon emission accounting systems, analyzes the shortcomings of the current carbon emission accounting system construction in China, and puts forward relevant suggestions for improving China's carbon emission accounting system.
Preliminary Exploration of Rational Settings for Sponge Airport Indicators in the Context of Low Carbon -- Taking Baiyun Airport as an Example
Authors: Zhang Lingling , Huang Daizhong , Pan Xu , Chen Wangchun , Sun Shuaiyi , Xia Zhenwen
Published: May 2024

Sponge city is an important means of urban stormwater management, and it is also the core concept of green and low-carbon ecological landscape construction.Currently, the rainfall and flooding problems of airports are becoming more and more obvious, and the construction of "sponge airports" is getting more and more attention. However, considering the operational needs of airports, the existing conventional sponge construction ideas cannot be directly applied to airport construction. How to set up a set of reasonable indicators that not only guarantee the safe operation of airports but also meet the requirements of the existing sponge city construction is one of the problems that need to be solved in the process of airport sponge city construction. Taking the third phase expansion project of Guangzhou Baiyun Airport as an example, the design principles of focusing on safety, adapting measures to local conditions, and meeting the overall standards, from the overall consideration of the airport, combined with the land use of each functional zone of the airport, reasonably set the sponge index, so as to provide a reference for the construction of "sponge airport", in order to promote the sustainable development of green and low-carbon construction.
Fine calculation method for carbon emission of urban rail transit
Authors: Yang Jingxuan
Published: May 2024

As an important part of modern integrated transportation system, urban rail transit generates carbon emissions mainly by consuming electric energy. Aiming at the problems such as single index and weak accuracy of the current carbon emissions accounting method for urban rail transit, this study builds a refined carbon emissions calculation model based on existing industry standards and norms, puts forward refined carbon emissions calculation factors under different conditions, and designs efficient algorithms to solve them. The research hopes to provide a basis for differentiated policy formulation for urban rail transit operators, so as to facilitate urban rail transit operators to obtain more say in carbon trading, complete carbon quotas more scientifically and rationally, and better help urban rail transit enterprises to complete the strategic goal of "carbon neutrality" and "carbon peak".
Comparative analysis on the carbon emissions of traditional wooden fishing raft and HDPE fishing raft
Authors: Xu Kai , Chen Jinyi , Wu Xin
Published: May 2024

In the age of "global boiling", to settle the problem of climate change, the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals has been proposed by China to control carbon emissions. Fishing raft is a kind of platform used by fishermen for aquaculture. Presently, numerous studies on carbon emission concentrate on buildings on land. Few studies focus on fishing rafts’ carbon emissions, which is significative to be analyzed. Therefore, this study calculates the carbon emissions of the main parts of two kinds of fishing rafts during the production and transportation stage of building materials to compare the difference in carbon emissions between the two. The results show that at the stage of building materials production and transportation, the carbon emissions of the main part of the wooden fishing raft mainly comes from the production of EPS floats. Additionally, the carbon emissions of HDPE fishing raft is significantly higher than that of the wooden one. Based on these results, this study proposes that the monitoring of the illegal production of EPS floats should be strengthened, and that the plastic with lower carbon emissions should be selected as the construction material of fishing rafts.
Research on the Measurement of the Relationship between Carbon Emissions and Economic Development in China——Based on the Tapio Decoupling theory and the Environmental Kuznets Theory Analysis
Authors: Chen Yuxin , Wang Yan
Published: May 2024

In this paper, based on the panel data of China's carbon dioxide emissions, economic and energy development from 2000 to 2022, per capita GDP and carbon emissions are used as analysis indicators.The environmental Kuznets theory serves as the basis for an analysis of the correlation between economic progress and carbon dioxide emissions.The findings indicate that China's GDP and carbon emissions increased between 2000 and 2022. From 7,912 yuan in 2000 to 85,698 yuan in 2022, the per capita GDP grew by over ten times. Although per capita carbon emissions generally increased, they declined between 2014 and 2017, It might be connected to the nation's strong initiatives to support green development and the restructuring of the energy structure.For specific explanations,please refer to 4.1 Temporal evolution characteristics of carbon emissions and GDP. China is still in a transitional phase when it comes to environmental preservation and economic development, as seen by the N-shaped curve connecting the country's carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth rate. Based on this theory, the Tapio decoupling theory provides an understanding of the decoupling relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth based on carbon accounting. The irrational use of coal, oil, natural gas and other fossil fuels as the main energy has caused a series of environmental problems and seriously restricted economic development. Therefore, Stronger innovation and promotion of low-carbon and green technologies are required, as is the reduction of carbon emissions from the industrial structure and method of economic progress.
Calcul explicite du coefficient de sécurité au glissement d’un sol meuble et détermination du cercle de rupture le plus probable avec 3 formules simples
Authors: Bangratz Jean-Louis
Published: May 2024

On présente trois relations originales assorties de quelques constantes adimensionnelles indépendantes du sol permettant le calcul du coefficient de sécurité et la détermination du cercle de rupture le plus probable d’une pente uniforme en sol homogène. La première relation traduit le concept de « courbe intrinsèque de stabilité limite d’une pente en coordonnées réduites ». Elle fait indirectement référence à la forme de la surface de rupture et pourrait être générale dans le cadre des théories de stabilité de pente établies sur le critère de Mohr-Coulomb. Le point milieu de la courbe représente le sol fictif appelé « sol central limite attaché à la pente » et à la taille du glissement. On propose une façon de ramener le cas d’un profil quelconque au profil rectiligne par une voie purement géométrique donc indépendante de la cohésion et de l’angle de frottement du sol, en ne changeant que son poids volumique. Ces formules permettent l’estimation de la zone à renforcer éventuellement. Elles permettent aussi l’estimation des caractéristiques limites ou résiduelles d’un sol où s’est déclaré un glissement, etc.
Challenges in the Implementation of Industrialised Building System (IBS) in Klang Valley
Authors: Masram Haidaliza , Yassin Azlina Md , Shafii Haryati , Murugappah Pavirthana
Published: May 2024

Industrialised building system (IBS) in Malaysia has been expanding extensively where the proportion of IBS implementation in government projects was 84% in 2021, compared to 60% in private projects. It was reported that many top developers are currently successfully adopting IBS in their projects with good outcomes. The advantage of IBS implementation in construction projects is mainly the shorter time for project completion which potentially increase efficiency in housing provision. This paper focuses on developers’ perception on the challenges in IBS implementation in the aspect of management. The objectives of this research are to identify the problems perceived by developers in Klang Valley when implementing IBS projects and to give general recommendations to overcome these problems. Quantitative approach was used and structured questionnaires were distributed to 50 developers in Klang Valley. The research indicated that the most prominent problems agreed by developers is in the category of supervision of site workers and also the aspect of logistic that is site monitoring The least problem perceived are in the design and IBS negative image category. Findings from this research is anticipated to give developers some insights on the implementation of IBS towards a more successful IBS project implementation.
Transcaval and Intracardiac Extension of Type A Thymoma and Myxoma: A Report of Two Rare Cases
Authors: Taghiyev Zulfugar T. , Beier Lili-Marie , Moustafine Vadim , Bechtel Matthias , Strauch Justus T. , Boening Andreas
Published: May 2024

We report two cases of rare invasive tumors presenting with transvenous and intracardiac extensions. In one instance, an unusual invasive thymoma type A penetrated into the heart chamber; the other case was an extension of a myxoma into the right atrium that was associated with superior vena cava syndrome. Our interest was stimulated by the rarity of these clinicopathological observations and the unusual clinical features of diagnostic and therapeutic methods presented by these cases.
Cost mitigation of factor investing in emerging equity markets
Authors: Stankov Kay , Schiereck Dirk , Flögel Volker
Published: May 2024

At the beginning of factor investing research, the investment universe concentrated on developed markets and transaction costs were paid little attention. Expensive trading costs of factor investing in emerging equity markets influence optimal portfolio decisions. Based on a total costs estimate of factor-based portfolio tilts, a simple cost-mitigation approach increases net performance. Exploiting the structure of market impact, we indirectly control the costs by limiting order sizes relative to their underlying stocks’ short-term liquidity. This cost-efficient strategy yields better implementability and lower-priced turnover while a possible negative effect on gross performance is more than offset.
Second harmonic of higher-order Poincaré sphere beam with two orthogonal 5%MgO:PPLN crystals
Authors: Jiang Qinan , Zhao Minglin , Wang Yuanxiang , Wang Shuolin , Dou Jiantai , Liu Jun , Li Bo , Hu Youyou
Published: May 2024

In this work, the second harmonic (SH) of higher-order Poincaré sphere (HOPS) beam was introduced and demonstrated with two orthogonal 5%MgO:PPLN crystals. Based on the quasi-phase-matching technique, the vectorial coupled wave equations were derived to simulate the SH of HOPS beams through the two crystals, including the cylindrical vector beams (CVBs), elliptically polarized CVBs (EPCVBs), and circularly polarized vortex beams. Then, the experimental setup was established to reveal that the SH of CVBs and EPCVBs present the four-lobed structure and still exhibit vector characteristics. Meanwhile, the circularly polarized vortex beams become the linearly polarized vortex beams with double phase topology, confirming the conservation of orbital angular momentum. Moreover, the maximum SH conversion efficiency of CVBs, EPCVBs, and circularly polarized vortex beams can reach 25.3%, 23.4%, and 29.4%, respectively, which may be instructive for promoting the SH generation of vector vortex beams with high efficiency.
Spatio-temporal variations of habitat quality in the Greater Bay Area around Hangzhou Bay, based on LUCC and simulation
Authors: He Yu , Ai Wanzheng
Published: May 2024

Context Habitat quality (HQ) is vital for achieving sustainable regional development. Understanding the spatial patterns and temporal evolution of HQ in the context of land use–cover change (LUCC) is crucial for promoting ecological civilisation and high-quality growth, especially for regions with rapid economic development. Aims In order to analyse the impact of LUCC on habitat quality in the coastal areas with frequent human activities. Methods This study focused on the Greater Bay Area around Hangzhou Bay and analysed the HQ on the basis of LUCC data during 2010–2020 by using the InVEST model and spatial autocorrelation analysis. Additionally, land-use data for multiple scenarios in 2030 were predicted using the PLUS model, and the variations in land use and HQ in the study region during 2020–2030 were assessed. Key results During 2010–2020, the construction land in the region expanded by 1932.79 km2, primarily at the expense of cropland and water areas. The mean HQ values were 0.6287, 0.6181 and 0.6037 for 2010, 2015 and 2020 respectively, indicating a continuous decline. Spatially, HQ exhibited strong clustering during this period. However, there was a clear trend of fragmentation and reduction in ‘high–high’ cluster areas along the coast, mostly owing to the transformation of water areas and wetlands into construction land and cropland. In the projected scenarios (natural development, ND; economic development, ED; crop protection, CP; and ecological protection, EP) for 2030, the mean HQ values are estimated to be 0.5881, 0.5837, 0.5915 and 0.5965 respectively. Compared with 2020, there will be a certain decrease in HQ, with the EP scenario showing the lowest decrease of 0.0052. Conclusions The HQ changes were closely linked to LUCC, the construction-land expansion was the main cause of HQ destruction in the Greater Bay Area around Hangzhou Bay. To alleviate the trend of declining HQ, it is essential to select appropriate development scenarios for each city in the region and coordinate the development of the cities. Implications These findings provide valuable insights for promoting sustainable economic growth in the Greater Bay Area around Hangzhou Bay.
Surface encapsulation of layered oxide cathode material with NiTiO3 for enhanced cycling stability of Na-ion batteries
Authors: Hu 胡 Zilin 紫霖 , Tang 唐 Bin 彬 , Lin 林 Ting 挺 , Zhang 张 Chu 楚 , Niu 牛 Yaoshen 耀申 , Liu 刘 Yuan 渊 , Gao 高 Like 立克 , Xie 谢 Fei 飞 , Rong 容 Xiaohui 晓晖 , Lu 陆 Yaxiang 雅翔 , Hu 胡 Yongsheng 勇胜
Published: May 2024

In Na-ion batteries, O3-type layered oxide cathode materials encounter challenges such as particle cracking, oxygen loss, electrolyte side reactions, and multi-phase transitions during the charge/discharge process. This study focuses on surface coating with NiTiO3 achieved via secondary heat treatment using a coating precursor and the surface material. Through in-situ x-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS), along with crystal structure characterizations of post-cycling materials, it was determined that the NiTiO3 coating layer facilitates the formation of a stable lattice structure, effectively inhibiting lattice oxygen loss and reducing side reaction with the electrolyte. This enhancement in cycling stability was evidenced by a capacity retention of approximately 74% over 300 cycles at 1 C, marking a significant 30% improvement over the initial sample. Furthermore, notable advancements in rate performance were observed. Experimental results indicate that a stable and robust surface structure substantially enhances the overall stability of the bulk phase, presenting a novel approach for designing layered oxide cathodes with higher energy density.
Effects of size on silver nanoparticle stability and inhibition of Vibro parahaemolyticus bacterial cell growth in high chloride media
Authors: Nguyen Duc Toan , Nguyen Thi Minh Huyen , Nguyen Thi Thuy , Nguyen Thi Bich Ngoc , Nguyen Trong Nghia , Nguyen Minh Hue , Nghiem Thi Ha Lien
Published: May 2024

The stability of silver nanoparticles at average sizes of 10 nm, 30 nm, and 50 nm with polyvinylpyrrolidone stabiliser was evaluated in a medium with high chloride ion concentration. The antibacterial activity of these silver nanoparticles against marine cholera Vibrio parahaemolyticus was studied and compared with ionic Ag+ and a bactericidal agent, Benzalkonium chloride. The results show that the smaller the silver nanoparticles, the higher the stability, and the higher the antibacterial ability, which is closer to the antibacterial ability of the ionic Ag+. These results show the outstanding bactericidal activity of small silver nanoparticles and the potential application of these tiny particles in inhibiting pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture.
Experimental conditions for room temperature ferromagnetism in Fe-doped SnO2 via mechanochemical milling and thermal treatment
Authors: Sánchez L C , Beltrán J J , Baggio Saitovitch E M , Barrero C A
Published: May 2024

Identifying optimal experimental conditions, preferably through a simple and cost-effective method, for the fabrication of oxide-diluted magnetic semiconductors, such as Fe-doped SnO2, holds great significance in the quest for spintronic materials operating at room temperature (RT). While mechanochemical milling is a well-established technique meeting these requirements, its numerous milling variables necessitate careful consideration of restricted experimental conditions. In this study, we present some experimental mechanochemical milling conditions to prepare impurity-free iron-doped tin dioxide nanoparticles exhibiting RT ferromagnetic signal. To achieve this, we investigated the effects of milling time, the choice of the starting Sn reactant, and iron concentration on the purity of Sn1−xFexO2 (x = 0, 0.03, and 0.05) nanopowders obtained through mechanochemical milling followed by thermal treatment. Characterization through XRD, XANES, and EXAFS at the Fe K-edge, RT Raman spectroscopy, 119Sn and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopies, and magnetic measurements was conducted. Among the experimental techniques, micro-Raman spectroscopy proved the most effective in detecting the formation of hematite as an impurity phase. Our results indicate that extending the milling time to 12 h, as opposed to 3 h, employing anhydrous SnCl2, instead of SnCl2·2H2O and using the low iron concentration of x = 0.03, results in proper conditions for producing impurity-free samples with a robust RT ferromagnetic signal. The oxidation states for iron and tin ions were determined to be 3+ and 4+, respectively, with both occupying octahedral sites, suggesting iron’s replacement of tin. Our findings propose that both the bound magnetic polaron and RKKY models offer potential explanations for the origin of the ferromagnetic signal observed at room temperature in Sn0.97Fe0.03O2 sample milled for 12 h.