bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toeplitz Operators on the Symmetrized Bidisc
Authors: Bhattacharyya Tirthankar , Das B Krishna , Sau Haripada
Published: November 2019

The symmetrized bidisc has been a rich field of holomorphic function theory and operator theory. A certain well-known reproducing kernel Hilbert space of holomorphic functions on the symmetrized bidisc resembles the Hardy space of the unit disc in several aspects. This space is known as the Hardy space of the symmetrized bidisc. We introduce the study of those operators on the Hardy space of the symmetrized bidisc that are analogous to Toeplitz operators on the Hardy space of the unit disc. More explicitly, we first study multiplication operators on a bigger space (an $L^2$-space) and then study compressions of these multiplication operators to the Hardy space of the symmetrized bidisc and prove the following major results.

(1) Theorem I analyzes the Hardy space of the symmetrized bidisc, not just as a Hilbert space, but as a Hilbert module over the polynomial ring and finds three isomorphic copies of it as $\mathbb D^2$-contractive Hilbert modules.

(2) Theorem II provides an algebraic, Brown and Halmos-type characterization of Toeplitz operators.

(3) Theorem III gives several characterizations of an analytic Toeplitz operator.

(4) Theorem IV characterizes asymptotic Toeplitz operators.

(5) Theorem V is a commutant lifting theorem.

(6) Theorem VI yields an algebraic characterization of dual Toeplitz operators.

Every section from Section 2 to Section 7 contains a theorem each, the main result of that section.
Corn oil supplementation enhances hydrogen use for biohydrogenation, inhibits methanogenesis, and alters fermentation pathways and the microbial community in the rumen of goats
Authors: Zhang Xiu Min , Medrano Rodolfo F , Wang Min , Beauchemin Karen A , Ma Zhi Yuan , Wang Rong , Wen Jiang Nan , Lukuyu Bernard A , Tan Zhi Liang , He Jian Hua
Published: November 2019

Enteric methane (CH4) emissions are not only an important source of greenhouse gases but also a loss of dietary energy in livestock. Corn oil (CO) is rich in unsaturated fatty acid with >50% PUFA, which may enhance ruminal biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids, leading to changes in ruminal H2 metabolism and methanogenesis. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of CO supplementation of a diet on CH4 emissions, nutrient digestibility, ruminal dissolved gases, fermentation, and microbiota in goats. Six female goats were used in a crossover design with two dietary treatments, which included control and CO supplementation (30 g/kg DM basis). CO supplementation did not alter total-tract organic matter digestibility or populations of predominant ruminal fibrolytic microorganisms (protozoa, fungi, Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and Fibrobacter succinogenes), but reduced enteric CH4 emissions (g/kg DMI, −15.1%, P = 0.003). CO supplementation decreased ruminal dissolved hydrogen (dH2, P < 0.001) and dissolved CH4 (P < 0.001) concentrations, proportions of total unsaturated fatty acids (P < 0.001) and propionate (P = 0.015), and increased proportions of total SFAs (P < 0.001) and acetate (P < 0.001), and acetate to propionate ratio (P = 0.038) in rumen fluid. CO supplementation decreased relative abundance of family Bacteroidales_BS11_gut_group (P = 0.032), increased relative abundance of family Rikenellaceae (P = 0.021) and Lachnospiraceae (P = 0.025), and tended to increase relative abundance of genus Butyrivibrio_2 (P = 0.06). Relative abundance (P = 0.09) and 16S rRNA gene copies (P = 0.043) of order Methanomicrobiales, and relative abundance of genus Methanomicrobium (P = 0.09) also decreased with CO supplementation, but relative abundance (P = 0.012) and 16S rRNA gene copies (P = 0.08) of genus Methanobrevibacter increased. In summary, CO supplementation increased rumen biohydrogenatation by facilitating growth of biohydrogenating bacteria of family Lachnospiraceae and genus Butyrivibrio_2 and may have enhanced reductive acetogenesis by facilitating growth of family Lachnospiraceae. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of CO led to a shift of fermentation pathways that enhanced acetate production and decreased rumen dH2 concentration and CH4 emissions.
Other-Attentiveness in Video Consultation Openings: A Conversation Analysis of Video-Mediated Versus Face-to-Face Consultations
Authors: Stommel Wyke , Goor Harry van , Stommel Martijn
Published: November 2019

For patients recovering from surgery, a video consultation is a suitable alternative to conventional consultations. Video consultations have been found to be beneficial, but little is known about their organization, compared to face-to-face consultations. In this article, we explore potential extra interactional work conducted by participants in video-mediated consultations. We focus on the beginning of the consultation. Our data consist of 39 recorded, postoperative, oncological consultations, both face-to-face and through video-mediated communication (VMC), which we analyzed using conversation analysis. Although surgeons commonly launched the beginning with an announcement of the pathology report as the reason for the consultation, we found that in VMC, “how are you?” was regularly inserted after the testing of the technology. The question is a suitable strategy, as it displays overt other-attentiveness, while also being medically relevant. However, subsequently, surgeons may unilaterally close the elicited self-report to then address the pathology report. Thus, the “extra interactional work” of other-attentiveness is again attenuated.
Appointed Person rejects appeal that two DG decisions are inconsistent
Authors: Atif Salman
Published: November 2019

DG FASHION [2019] 4 WLUK 487

The Applicant has failed in its bid to register the word mark ‘DG Fashion’.
Do island populations differ in size and shape compared to mainland counterparts?
Authors: Álvarez-Castañeda Sergio Ticul , Nájera-Cortazar Laura A
Published: November 2019

Adaptation and evolution of terrestrial vertebrates inhabiting islands have been the topic of many studies, particularly those seeking to identify trends or patterns in body size in mammals, albeit not necessarily in shape, in relation to mainland populations. The spiny pocket mouse, Chaetodipus spinatus, is distributed in the Baja California peninsula and its surrounding islands. Insular populations became isolated ~12,000 due to changes in sea level; these populations’ matrilinear (mitochondrial) DNA shows minor interpopulation variation. We tested the hypothesis that adaptation and evolution in these island populations involve variation in both skull size and skull shape (using geometric morphometrics) relative to mainland populations, rather than only in size as previously assumed. A total of 363 specimens from 15 insular and peninsular populations were used in analysis of the skull length and geometric morphometric analyses. Our findings revealed significant differences related to skull size among population. The skull shape analyses showed two significantly different morphotypes: one for all island specimens and one for all mainland samples. Our analyses support the hypothesis that insular populations may not only vary in size relative to mainland populations, but may also show variations in shape, regardless of differing conditions across islands.
Sensitivity of Medicare Data to Identify Oncologists
Authors: Warren Joan L , Barrett Michael J , White Dolly P , Banks Robert , Cafardi Susannah , Enewold Lindsey
Published: November 2019

Background

Health services researchers have studied how care from oncologists impacts treatment and outcomes for cancer patients. These studies frequently identify physician specialty using files from the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) or the American Medical Association (AMA). The completeness of the CMS data resources, individually or combined, to identify oncologists is unknown. This study assessed the sensitivity of CMS data to capture oncologists included in the AMA Physician Masterfile.

Methods

Oncologists were identified from three CMS data resources: physician claims, the National Plan and Provider Enumeration System Registry, and the Medicare Data on Provider Practice and Specialty file. CMS files and AMA data were linked using a unique physician identifier. Sensitivity to identify any oncologists, radiation oncologists (ROs), surgical oncologists (SOs), and medical oncologists (MOs) was calculated for individual and combined CMS files. For oncologists in the AMA data not identified as oncologists in the CMS data, their CMS specialty was assessed.

Results

Individual CMS files each captured approximately 83% of the 17 934 oncologists in the AMA Masterfile; combined CMS files captured 90.4%. By specialty, combined CMS data captured 98.2% of ROs, 89.3% of MOs, and 70.1% of SOs. For ROs and SOs in the AMA data not identified as oncologists in the CMS data, their CMS specialty was usually similar to the AMA subspecialty; ROs were radiologists and SOs were surgeons.

Conclusion

Using combined files from CMS identified most ROs and MOs found in the AMA, but not most SOs. Determining whether to use the AMA data or CMS files for a particular research project will depend on the specific research question and the type of oncologist included in the study.
Reactions towards Asylum Seekers in the Netherlands: Associations with Right-wing Ideological Attitudes, Threat and Perceptions of Asylum Seekers as Legitimate and Economic
Authors: Onraet Emma , Van Hiel Alain , Valcke Barbara , Assche Jasper Van
Published: November 2019

The present study conducted in the Netherlands examines citizen's attitudes towards asylum seekers. We collected data in a large (N = 993) heterogeneous adult sample in November 2015, in the midst of the European “refugee crisis”. Our first aim was to map the reactions of citizens towards asylum seekers. Our second aim was to examine the role of right-wing ideological attitudes (i.e., Right-Wing Authoritarianism and Social Dominance Orientation) in explaining these reactions. With respect to the first research aim, it was revealed that, on average, our respondents were rather unwilling to help asylum seekers. Moreover, respondents were more welcoming towards legitimate asylum seekers (who are on the run from war and violence in their home country) compared to economic asylum seekers. With respect to the second research aim, we found that right-wing attitudes were related to stronger negative reactions towards asylum seekers. Moreover, individuals higher on right-wing ideological attitudes were more likely to perceive asylum seekers as being economic asylum seekers and less as legitimate asylum seekers, which related to stronger feelings of threat and ultimately, to more negative reactions towards asylum seekers.
Can There Be a Right of Return?
Authors: Lamey Andy
Published: November 2019

During long-term refugee displacements, it is common for the refugees’ country of origin to be called on to recognize a right of return. A long-standing tradition of philosophical theorizing is sceptical of such a right. Howard Adelman and Elazar Barkan are contemporary proponents of this view. They argue that, in many cases, it is not feasible for entire refugee populations to return home, and so the notion of a right of return is no right at all. We can call Adelman and Barkan’s view the feasibility objection. Many defenders of rights will deny that empirical facts such as the kind to which Adelman and Barkan appeal are relevant to determining whether a moral entitlement amounts to a right. In contrast, I offer a response to the feasibility objection that does admit the relevance of facts. In my view, considerations of feasibility do matter when determining what rights human beings possess. Nevertheless, the feasibility objection is undone by its failure to acknowledge a distinction between two different kinds of feasibility constraints. ‘Hard’ constraints include logical, nomological and biological considerations. ‘Soft’ constraints include political, cultural and institutional factors. A necessary condition of a moral entitlement achieving the status of a right, I argue, is that it be feasible in the hard sense. Crucially, however, a right need not always be feasible in the soft sense. Refugees can have rights that it is not currently possible to implement politically.
The DEAD-box RNA helicase SHI2 functions in repression of salt-inducible genes and regulation of cold-inducible gene splicing
Authors: Wang Bangshing , Chai Haoxi , Zhong Yingli , Shen Yun , Yang Wannian , Chen Junping , Xin Zhanguo , Shi Huazhong
Published: November 2019

Gene regulation is central for growth, development, and adaptation to environmental changes in all living organisms. Many genes are induced by environmental cues, and the expression of these inducible genes is often repressed under normal conditions. Here, we show that the SHINY2 (SHI2) gene is important for repressing salt-inducible genes and also plays a role in cold response. The shi2 mutant displayed hypersensitivity to cold, abscisic acid (ABA), and LiCl. Map-based cloning demonstrates that SHI2 encodes a DEAD- (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box RNA helicase with similarity to a yeast splicing factor. Transcriptomic analysis of the shi2 mutant in response to cold revealed that the shi2 mutation decreased the number of cold-responsive genes and the magnitude of their response, and resulted in the mis-splicing of some cold-responsive genes. Under salt stress, however, the shi2 mutation increased the number of salt-responsive genes but had a negligible effect on mRNA splicing. Our results suggest that SHI2 is a component in a ready-for-transcription repressor complex important for gene repression under normal conditions, and for gene activation and transcription under stress conditions. In addition, SHI2 also serves as a splicing factor required for proper splicing of cold-responsive genes and affects 5' capping and polyadenylation site selection.
Exposure and Cognitive Restructuring
Authors: Hope Debra A. , Heimberg Richard G. , Turk Cynthia L.
Published: November 2019

After the first in-session exposure, treatment enters a middle phase in which sessions (typically five to six in the recommended 16-session treatment program) revolve around the routine of in-session exposures and review and assignment of in vivo exposures for homework. Exposures are guided by the client’s Fear and Avoidance Hierarchy. For clients to benefit from this treatment, they must begin to engage in anxiety-provoking activities in their daily lives. It is essential that the therapist encourage this by carefully assigning and reviewing homework for in vivo exposure. At the beginning of each session, the therapist reviews the client’s completed Be Your Own Cognitive Therapist Worksheet and comments on aspects that show progress or use of cognitive restructuring skills. At a minimum, clients should engage in at least one in vivo exposure every week. As treatment progresses, this rate should increase if possible.
Additional Tools for Challenging Automatic Thoughts
Authors: Hope Debra A. , Heimberg Richard G. , Turk Cynthia L.
Published: November 2019

Additional techniques to challenge automatic thoughts are presented in this chapter. These techniques include the “pie chart technique,” in which a pie chart can help clients examine catastrophic fears. The “continuum technique” can be used to help clients put possible negative outcomes in the proper perspective. The “me–not me” technique is intended to help therapists and clients maintain an awareness that anxiety in certain social situations is expected and even appropriate. The technique of “intentional physiological arousal induction” involves having the client engage in an activity like jogging in place or walking quickly up and down flights of stairs prior to engaging in an exposure. “Video feedback” is another potentially powerful intervention.
Exposure and Cognitive Restructuring
Authors: Hope Debra A. , Heimberg Richard G. , Turk Cynthia L.
Published: November 2019

Many individuals in treatment for social anxiety have some difficulty with casual conversations, even if it is not the primary focus of treatment. This chapter presents psychoeducational material about the importance of small talk in everyday life. The amount of in-session time spent will depend on how central this topic is to the specific client and how well the client is able to glean key points from the reading on their own. Two primary messages from this material are (a) casual conversations are the gateways to more significant relationships and (b) such conversations are, by definition, about inconsequential topics. Conversational situations are often the easiest exposures to design. They typically require few props, and a variety of circumstances can be easily staged. This chapter covers three typical automatic thoughts for conversations: not knowing what to say, not having anything interesting to say, and having poor conversational skills.
The Invitation
Authors: Hope Debra A. , Heimberg Richard G. , Turk Cynthia L.
Published: November 2019

The primary purpose of this chapter is to help the client understand his or her diagnosis in the context of normal and excessive social anxiety. Social anxiety is feeling tense, nervous, or frightened in situations that involve other people. The workbook describes a step-by-step therapy approach for overcoming social anxiety. The therapist will help the client gain an appreciation that cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective and provide a basic understanding of the nature of CBT, including the investment of effort and energy required for the therapeutic alliance. The therapist will work to enhance motivation for change and build this therapeutic alliance.
Everything Starts With Small Talk
Authors: Hope Debra A. , Heimberg Richard G. , Turk Cynthia L.
Published: November 2019

Many individuals in treatment for social anxiety have some difficulty with casual conversations, even if it is not the primary focus of treatment. The chapter explores why it is important to be able to make casual conversation and then examines some of the automatic thoughts that socially anxious individuals often have in casual conversation and how to challenge those automatic thoughts. This chapter presents psychoeducational material about the importance of small talk in everyday life. Two primary messages from this material are (a) casual conversations are the gateways to more significant relationships and (b) such conversations are, by definition, about inconsequential topics. The chapter talks about two key types of situations in which many people experience social anxiety—conversations and public speaking.
Advanced Cognitive Restructuring
Authors: Hope Debra A. , Heimberg Richard G. , Turk Cynthia L.
Published: November 2019

This chapter delves deeply into clients’ automatic thoughts (ATs) and examines some of their core beliefs that underlie these ATs. As individuals work through various exposures and associated cognitive restructuring, both therapist and client may notice that certain themes keep reoccurring. Themes in automatic thoughts reflect core beliefs that drive all of the difficulties a person is experiencing. People who have difficulty with anxiety and depression usually have one or more dysfunctional core beliefs about themselves, other people, the world, or the future. Therapists often talk about finding these core beliefs by searching through the layers of ATs and emotions, similar to the process of peeling an onion.
Getting Ready to Continue the Journey on Your Own
Authors: Hope Debra A. , Heimberg Richard G. , Turk Cynthia L.
Published: November 2019

This final chapter focuses on assessment of progress, relapse prevention, and termination. After approximately 15 sessions of treatment for the typical client with moderately severe symptoms, it is time to stop and assess progress. Regardless of how much progress an individual has made in overcoming social anxiety, there are important habits to develop to continue making progress. If treatment ends at this time, this chapter discusses when it might be necessary to call the therapist for a booster session. If it is the end of treatment, this is the beginning of the client’s personal journey equipped with a toolbox full of skills and increased confidence to continue to take life in a new direction.
Childhood Chronic Illnesses in the Schools
Authors: Rennie Kimberly , Racine Madeline , Ruda Van Michelle
Published: November 2019

Approximately one in five schoolchildren presents with a special healthcare need. Schools are tasked with providing free and appropriate education to all students, which may include both accommodations and specialized services to children to address challenges associated with their medical conditions. The first chapter of this book provides a brief overview of types of presenting conditions, challenges, and considerations that school-based providers may encounter when working with this population of students. The chapter includes a table of common medical terms, procedures, and treatments. Several case examples with accompanying discussions are described to illustrate common themes, challenges, and considerations that students with chronic medical conditions may encounter in the school setting. Finally, the role of culture in the symptom presentation, treatment, and education of students with chronic health needs is discussed.
Social and Emotional Issues Related to Chronic Health Conditions
Authors: Llorens Ashlie , McKee Shannon , Dempsey Allison G.
Published: November 2019

Students with chronic health conditions may be at risk for both social and emotional difficulties that are directly associated with the medical condition or with aspects of treatment and monitoring. This chapter provides an overview of common comorbid mental and neurodevelopmental disorders associated with chronic health conditions in childhood. The chapter also explores the role of stress and coping, as well as positive and negative peer relationships, in emotional and social well-being in children with health conditions. The role of the school-based professional in addressing social and emotional challenges and promoting wellness and resilience in such students is discussed. Finally, specific strategies are presented for the school-based professional to adopt to identify and to address challenges with social and emotional functioning among students with chronic health conditions.
Academic Issues Related to Pediatric Health Conditions in Schools
Authors: Walcott Christy M. , Harrison Sayward E.
Published: November 2019

Children with chronic health conditions may experience academic challenges for a multitude of reasons. This chapter provides an overview of the educational difficulties encountered by children with pediatric health conditions. It also provides a summary of the causes of some of the difficulties, such as the neurodevelopmental effects of a medical condition or treatment, school absenteeism, and school refusal. The chapter includes a table summarizing the neurocognitive effects of common pediatric health conditions. Information about school-based strategies for students with chronic health conditions is presented. The strategies include individual health plans, individualized accommodations, and individualized interventions to address factors that may affect educational outcomes. Finally, the chapter includes a problem-solving framework for school-based professionals to use when engaging in educational planning for a student with a pediatric health condition.
Legal and Policy Issues Relevant to Working with Students with Pediatric Health Conditions
Authors: Mire Sarah S. , Schoger Kimberly D. , Ramclam Ashley N.
Published: November 2019

Multiple laws and policies guide the work of school-based professionals in meeting the needs of children with chronic health conditions. Knowledge of the relevant laws and policies is critical in developing programming for these students. This chapter reviews the most relevant laws that guide school-based approaches to care, such as the Americans with Disabilities Act, Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act, and the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act. It then provides information about how these laws apply to a school-based professional’s work with a student with a chronic health condition. The chapter also discusses the relationship between laws and codes of ethics and how both guide the actions of the school-based professional. Finally, the chapter concludes with common questions and answers related to law and ethics as they pertain to working with children with health conditions in schools.
Alternative Education Settings
Authors: Patel Puja G. , Jaquez Sasha D. , Quinton Thea L.
Published: November 2019

For children with a chronic illness, a traditional academic path may not be possible due to increased absenteeism caused by hospitalizations, frequent doctor appointments, and symptoms of the condition or treatment side effects. Additionally, it can be unsafe for students with compromised immune systems to attend school. Thus, depending on the medical course and presentation, an alternative educational setting is often necessary for students with chronic health conditions. This chapter provides a review of the legal support for alternative educational settings and then reviews variations of alternative educational settings. The variations include hospital-based schooling, homebound instruction, flexible instruction, and technology-based and online school programs. The chapter concludes with an overview of factors for the school-based professional to consider when working with families and other systems of care to identify the most appropriate educational environment for a student with a chronic medical condition.
Assessment of Needs and Intervention Effectiveness
Authors: Hayutin Lisa , Walsh Caitlin E. , Bennett Elizabeth
Published: November 2019

Children with chronic medical conditions are at greater risk for experiencing challenges with academic, physical, and social functioning than their healthy peers. Thus, they may need ongoing monitoring and assessment to help determine the need for school-based interventions and supports. This chapter discusses considerations for school-based assessment and monitoring of progress by professionals working with students with chronic medical conditions. Approaches to assessment are discussed, including assessment methodology, goals, and domains. Specific considerations for selecting a test battery and making necessary modification to testing procedures, as well as factors affecting interpretation of results, are included. Finally, the chapter includes a discussion of goals and methods for monitoring progress after the initial assessment and using this information to guide ongoing intervention strategies.
Behavioral Strategies to Promote Adherence
Authors: Canto Angela I. , Chesire David J. , Wright Baker
Published: November 2019

Children with chronic medical conditions experience a host of symptoms, such as fatigue, pain, inattentiveness, and stress, that may affect their ability to be fully participatory in school, peer, and family activities. Nearly half of individuals with chronic conditions display some noncompliance to treatment recommendations for their condition that may adversely affect educational, social, health, and other outcomes. This chapter addresses the promotion of adherence and positive health behavior through adoption of behavior intervention plans. It includes an overview of the social significance of treatment compliance and positive health behaviors and then identifies how behavior intervention plans can be used to address these issues in the school setting. It includes a review of factors that promote development and implementation of successful intervention plans (e.g., specific goals and targets, behavioral expectations, and measurement of treatment response). A sample interview to guide behavior intervention planning is provided.
School Reintegration for Children with Chronic Medical Conditions
Authors: Gibbs M. Cullen , Vincent Elizabeth , Arenivas Ana
Published: November 2019

School reintegration for the student with a chronic medical condition requires ample preparation and coordination among the student, family, medical providers, and school-based professionals. Changes experienced by the student frequently require that accommodations and interventions are made available to support the return to school. School personnel must clearly understand the challenges experienced by the student in order to appropriately plan for necessary accommodations and interventions. This chapter discusses important factors to consider in support of school reintegration for the student with a chronic medical condition into school. These include medical needs, safety issues, and cognitive, academic, and social-emotional factors. The chapter presents accommodation and intervention strategies that are commonly considered to support school reintegration, such as alternative education settings, modified schedules, and preparation strategies for students, families, peers, and school personnel.
Neurodevelopmental Disorders Presenting in Early Childhood
Authors: Dempsey Jack , Barton Amy K. , Dempsey Allison G. , Chapman Stephanie
Published: November 2019

Neurodevelopmental disorders are a group of conditions that manifest in early childhood and are associated with differences in brain development. They are associated with difficulties with learning, movement, language, or social behaviors. This chapter provides school-based clinicians with a broad overview of neurodevelopmental disorders that present in early childhood, with a particular focus on those associated with specific underlying medical conditions. The reviewed medical conditions and complications include genetic and congenital anomalies, cerebral palsy, and preterm birth. For each of the varying medical complications and conditions, the chapter discusses the assessment and management of the associated neurodevelopmental difficulties, with a focus on applications for the school setting. The chapter ends with a broad overview of school-based intervention strategies and approaches that are commonly implemented when working with children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
Obesity in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Gray Jane , Lee Alison J. , Pont Stephen
Published: November 2019

Obesity is a highly prevalent concern in American schoolchildren and is associated with a myriad of chronic health issues, such as type 2 diabetes, asthma, sleep problems, and premature mortality. Furthermore, obesity is associated with adverse psychological factors, including symptoms of depression, disordered eating, low self-esteem, poor quality of life, social isolation, and avoidance of healthcare services. It is therefore critical that school professionals understand the problem of childhood obesity as well as effective strategies for addressing the problem and its social impact. This chapter provides an overview of childhood overweight and obesity and the associated complications related to physical health, academic achievement. and peer interactions. It includes a review of considerations and strategies for school-based professionals to engage in both assessment and intervention to address childhood obesity in students.
Chronic Pain Disorders
Authors: Kao Grace S. , Monico Evelyn C. , Bhandari Rashmi P. , Huestis Samantha E.
Published: November 2019

Pain is an important, useful component of the childhood experience; however, for some youth who experience discomfort chronically, pain can become a debilitating symptom that limits multiple aspects of daily living, including in the school environment. Pain is a biopsychosocial experience that is affected by behavioral, cognitive, affective, sociocultural, and neurosensory factors, as well as contextual factors (family, peers, school). School-based professionals working with students with chronic pain are encouraged to closely collaborate with the child’s multidisciplinary providers outside the school system to promote optimal functioning and wellness in the child across settings. This chapter presents information about several common pediatric pain conditions and then reviews intervention and management strategies for children with chronic pain disorders. It also discusses school-related considerations for the school-based professional and includes a list of useful resources and handouts to assist with education and intervention in the school setting.
Periodic transit timing variations and refined system parameters of the exoplanet XO-6b
Authors: Garai Zoltán , Pribulla Theodor , Komžík Richard , Kundra Emil , Hambálek Ľubomír , Szabó Gyula M
Published: November 2019

Only a few exoplanets are known to orbit around fast rotating stars. One of them is XO-6b, which orbits an F5V-type star. Shortly after the discovery, we started multicolor photometric and radial-velocity follow-up observations of XO-6b, using the telescopes of Astronomical Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences. Our main scientific goals were to better characterize the planetary system and to search for transit timing variations. We refined several planetary and orbital parameters. Based on our measurements, the planet XO-6b seems to be about 10% larger, which is, however, only about 2σ difference, but its orbit inclination angle, with respect to the plane of the sky, seems to be significantly smaller, than it was determined originally by the discoverers. In this case we found about 9.5σ difference. Moreover, we observed periodic transit timing variations of XO-6b with a semi-amplitude of about 14 min and with a period of about 450 days. There are two plausible explanations of such transit timing variations: (1) a third object in the system XO-6 causing light-time effect, or (2) resonant perturbations between the transiting planet XO-6b and another unknown low-mass planet in this system. From the O-C diagram we derived that the assumed third object in the system should have a stellar mass, therefore significant variations are expected in the radial-velocity measurements of XO-6. Since this is not the case, and since all attempts to fit radial velocities and O-C data simultaneously failed to provide a consistent solution, more realistic is the second explanation.
ASASSN-14ho: Longest-period dwarf nova with multiple rebrightenings
Authors: Kato Taichi
Published: November 2019

The post-outburst rebrightening phenomenon in dwarf novae and X-ray novae is still one of the most challenging subjects for theories of accretion disks. It has been widely recognized that post-outburst rebrightenings are a key feature of WZ Sge-type dwarf novae, which predominantly have short (≲0.06 d) orbital periods. The author found four post-outburst rebrightenings in ASASSN-14ho during its 2014 outburst, whose orbital period was recently measured to be exceptionally long [0.24315(10) d]. Using the formal solution of the radial velocity study in the literature, this paper discusses the possibility that this object could be an SU UMa-type dwarf nova near the stability border of the 3 : 1 resonance, despite its exceptionally long orbital period. Such objects are considered to be produced if mass transfer occurs after the secondary has undergone significant nuclear evolution, and they may be hidden in a significant number of dwarf novae showing multiple post-outburst rebrightenings.
DOSE DEPENDENCE OF RADIATION INDUCED DAMAGE IN THE THERMOLUMINESCENT RESPONSE OF LIF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100)
Authors: Reshes G , Biderman S , Horowitz Y S , Oster L , Eliyahu I , Ginsburg D , Shapiro A , Assor Y
Published: November 2019

The effect of previous irradiation on the sensitivity of the glow peaks of LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100) is investigated up to levels of dose of 400 Gy in both slow-cooled and naturally cooled materials following the 400°C/1 hour pre-irradiation anneal. It is demonstrated that the naturally cooled samples can be re-used up to accumulated levels of dose of 50 Gy without recalibration. At 400 Gy a significant decrease in sensitivity of approximately 25% is observed for all the glow peaks (excluding peak 3). In slow-cooled materials even 100 Gy does not alter the sensitivity of the material.
Developments in Germany concerning the Taxation of Trusts
Authors: von Oertzen Christian
Published: November 2019

Based on recent court decisions and rulings from the German revenue services, the article highlights the current developments in Germany regarding trusts. The number of court cases and revenue rulings dealing with trusts has substantially increased in the last two years. Nevertheless, they show that using trusts for wealth planning raises complicated and complex tax questions for German-based beneficiaries.
Role of host genetic diversity for susceptibility-to-infection in the evolution of virulence of a plant virus†
Authors: González Rubén , Butković Anamarija , Elena Santiago F
Published: November 2019

Predicting viral emergence is difficult due to the stochastic nature of the underlying processes and the many factors that govern pathogen evolution. Environmental factors affecting the host, the pathogen and the interaction between both are key in emergence. In particular, infectious disease dynamics are affected by spatiotemporal heterogeneity in their environments. A broad knowledge of these factors will allow better estimating where and when viral emergence is more likely to occur. Here, we investigate how the population structure for susceptibility-to-infection genes of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana shapes the evolution of Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). For doing so we have evolved TuMV lineages in two radically different host population structures: (1) a metapopulation subdivided into six demes (subpopulations); each one being composed of individuals from only one of six possible A. thaliana ecotypes and (2) a well-mixed population constituted by equal number of plants from the same six A. thaliana ecotypes. These two populations were evolved for twelve serial passages. At the end of the experimental evolution, we found faster adaptation of TuMV to each ecotype in the metapopulation than in the well-mixed heterogeneous host populations. However, viruses evolved in well-mixed populations were more pathogenic and infectious than viruses evolved in the metapopulation. Furthermore, the viruses evolved in the demes showed stronger signatures of local specialization than viruses evolved in the well-mixed populations. These results illustrate how the genetic diversity of hosts in an experimental ecosystem favors the evolution of virulence of a pathogen.
Neuromedin U suppresses insulin secretion by triggering mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress in pancreatic β‐cells
Authors: Zhang Weidong , Sakoda Hideyuki , Nakazato Masamitsu
Published: November 2019

Neuromedin U (NMU), a highly conserved peptide in mammals, is involved in a wide variety of physiological processes. NMU, which is synthesized in β‐cells and co‐localizes with insulin, directly acts on β‐cells via NMU receptor 1 (NMUR1) to suppress glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). The mechanism underlying this insulinostatic effect has yet to be elucidated. We observed that NMU caused mitochondrial dysfunction by impairing mitochondrial biogenesis, respiration, and mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in β‐cell‐derived MIN6‐K8 cells. NMU administration induced the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as reflected by the activation of ER stress signaling pathways involving ATF6, XBP‐1s, and PERK‐ATF4‐CHOP. Nmu knockdown in MIN6‐K8 cells increased the number of insulin granules and improved mitochondrial biogenesis and function. NMU was upregulated in both the islets of db/db mice and palmitate‐treated MIN6‐K8 cells. Our results highlight the crucial role of NMU in the maintenance of β‐cell function and glucose metabolism through regulation of mitochondria dysfunction and ER stress. In pathological stages that develop into diabetes, upregulation of NMU could suppress the insulin secretion by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress, which may contribute to subsequent β‐cell dysfunction.
Dysmetabolic circulating tumor cells are prognostic in metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Brisotto Giulia , Biscontin Eva , Rossi Elisabetta , Bulfoni Michela , Piruska Aigars , Spazzapan Simon , Poggiana Cristina , Vidotto Riccardo , Steffan Agostino , Colombatti Alfonso , Huck Wilhelm T. S. , Cesselli Daniela , Zamarchi Rita , Turetta Matteo , Ben Fabio Del
Published: November 2019

The prognostic value of the circulating tumor cells (CTCs), defined as EpCAM+, Cytokeratin (8, 18, 19)+ and CD45-nucleated cells, has been provided in metastatic breast cancer (mBC), with Level I of evidence. However, CTCs belong to a heterogeneous pool of rare cells, and there isn’t consensus on an univocal definition of CTCs. Here, we present a definition of metabolically altered CTCs (MBA-CTC) as CD45-negative cells with an increased extracellular acidification rate (iECAR), supported by the presence of iECAR among the hallmarks of cancer. We tested the prognostic value of MBA-CTC present in mBC patients before starting a new systemic therapy (T0) and 3-4 weeks after (T1). Samples were analyzed in parallel with CellSearch platform (CS). Standard RECIST criteria were used to determine patients’ responses to treatment.

In our cohort of n=31 mBC patients, a level of MBA-CTCs above the cut-off was associated with: i) a shorter median PFS both pre-therapy (123 days vs 306; p<0.0001) and during therapy (139 vs 266 days; p= 0.0009); ii) a worse OS both pre-therapy (p=0.0003, 82% survival vs 20%) and during therapy (p=0.0301, 67% survival vs 38%); iii) good agreement with therapy response (kappa=0.685). Both the trend of MBA-CTCs over time and the combined results of the two assays (MBA and CS) enabled more accurate stratification. MBA and CS results showed fair (K=0.33) and poor (K=0.077) agreement at T0 and T1, respectively. This fact and the increased accuracy in combining results suggest that the assays detect different CTC subsets. In conclusion, MBA-CTCs does provide prognostic information at least equivalent to CS, and are even more informative when analyzed over time or combined with CS-CTCs.
GSK-3β regulates the synaptic expression of NMDA receptors via phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 4 kinase type IIα
Authors: Amici Mascia , Lee Yeseul , Pope Robert J.P. , Collingridge Graham L.
Published: November 2019

Understanding the normal functions of GSK-3β in the central nervous system is of major interest because deregulation of this kinase is strongly implicated in a variety of serious brain conditions, such as Alzheimer disease, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. GSK-3β plays a role in the induction of NMDA receptor-dependent long-term depression (LTD) and several substrates for GSK-3β have been identified in this form of synaptic plasticity, including KLC-2, PSD-95 and tau. Stabilization of NMDA receptors at synapses has also been shown to involve GSK-3β, but the substrates involved are currently unknown. Recent work has identified phosphatidylinositol 4 kinase type IIα (PI4KIIα) as a neuronal GSK-3β substrate that can potentially regulate the surface expression of AMPA receptors. In the present study, we investigated the synaptic role of PI4KIIα in organotypic rat hippocampal slices. We found that knockdown of PI4KIIα had no effect on synaptic AMPA receptors but substantially inhibited synaptic NMDA receptors. Furthermore, the ability of the selective GSK-3 inhibitor, CT99021, to inhibit synaptic NMDA receptors was occluded in shRNA-PI4KIIα transfected neurons. The effects of knocking down PI4KIIα knockdown were fully rescued by a shRNA-resistant wild type construct but could not be rescued by a mutant construct that was unable to be phosphorylated by GSK-3β. The data suggest that GSK-3β phosphorylates PI4KIIα to stabilize the expression of synaptic NMDA receptors.
Abnormal nitration and S-sulfhydration of Sp1-CSE-H2S pathway contribute to the progress of hyperhomocysteinemia: a vicious circle
Authors: Luo Chenghua , Ji Dengyu , Li Yan , Cao Yan , Zhang Shangyue , Yan Wenjing , Xue Ke , Chai Jiayin , Wu Ye , Liu Huirong , Wang Wen
Published: November 2019

Sp1 (Specificity protein 1)-CSE (cystathionine-γ-lyase)-H2S (hydrogen sulfide) pathway plays an important role in homocysteine-metabolism, whose disorder can result in hyperhomocysteinemia. The deficiency of plasma H2S in patients and animal models with hyperhomocysteinemia has been reported but it is unclear whether this deficiency plays a role in the progress of hyperhomocysteinemia. Furthermore, it remains unknown whether the post-translational modification of Sp1 or CSE mediated by hyperhomocysteinemia itself can in turn affect the development of hyperhomocysteinemia. By both in vivo and in vitro studies, we conducted immunoprecipitation and maleimide assays to detect the post-translational modification of Sp1-CSE-H2S pathway and revealed four major findings: (1) the accumulation of homocysteine augmented the nitration of CSE, thus blunted its bio-activity and caused H2S deficiency. (2) H2S deficiency lowered the S-sulfhydration of Sp1 and inhibited its transcriptional activity, resulted in lower expression of CSE. CSE deficiency decreased the H2S level further, which in turn lowered the S-sulfhydration level of CSE. (3) CSE was S-sulfhydrated at Cys84, Cys109, Cys172, Cys229, Cys252, Cys307 and Cys310 under physiological conditions, mutation of Cys84, Cys109, Cys229, Cys252 and Cys307 decreased its S-sulfhydration level and bio-activity. (4) H2S deficiency could trap hyperhomocysteinemia into a progressive vicious circle and trigger a rapid increase of homocysteine, while blocking nitration or restoring S-sulfhydration could break this circle. In conclusion, this study reveals a novel mechanism involved in the disorder of homocysteine-metabolism, which may provide a candidate therapeutic strategy for hyperhomocysteinemia.
The proteome of small urinary extracellular vesicles after kidney transplantation as an indicator of renal cellular biology and a source for markers predicting outcome
Authors: Braun Fabian , Rinschen Markus , Buchner Denise , Bohl Katrin , Späth Martin , Göbel Heike , Klein Corinna , Kretz Oliver , Puelles Victor G. , Bachurski Daniel , Plagmann Ingo , Wahba Roger , Hallek Michael , Schermer Bernhard , Benzing Thomas , Huber Tobias B. , Beyer Andreas , Stippel Dirk , Kurschat Christine E. , Müller Roman-Ulrich
Published: November 2019

Kidney transplantation is the preferred renal replacement therapy available. Yet, the biological processes during and after kidney transplantation and how they translate into the overall functional graft outcome are insufficiently understood. Recent developments in the field of extracellular vesicle research allow the deeper exploitation of this non-invasive source. We separated small urinary extracellular vesicles (suEVs) throughout the course of living donor kidney transplantation. SuEVs were collected longitudinally from both the donor and the recipient in 22 living donor kidney transplantations. Unbiased proteomic analysis revealed specific temporal patterns of suEV proteins indicative of the cellular processes involved in the allograft’s response after transplantation with proteins playing a role in complement activation being among the most dynamically regulated components. Using a leave-one-out cross validation model, we identified potential prognostic markers of kidney function at 1 year after transplantation. One of the proteins identified – phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase (PCK2) – could be confirmed in an independent validation cohort of another 22 donor-recipient pairs using targeted mass spectrometry. This study sheds the light on early molecular processes during the course of kidney transplantation and shows the future potential of suEVs as a source of biomarkers in this setting. The data set is provided as a unique resource directly accessible through an online tool that allows dynamic interrogation of this first comprising suEV proteome atlas after kidney transplantation.

One Sentence Summary

This study represents the first atlas of the proteomic changes in small urinary extracellular vesicles throughout living donor kidney transplantation identifying PCK2 abundance as a biomarker for renal function 12 months after transplantation