bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A RESEARCH ON MONITORING SURFACE DEFORMATION AND RELATIONSHIPS
WITH SURFACE PARAMETERS IN QINGHAI TIBETAN PLATEAU PERMAFROST
Authors: Mi S. J. , Li Y. T. , Wang F. , Li L. , Ge Y. , Luo L. , Zhang C. L. , Chen J. B.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The Qinghai Tibetan Plateau permafrost has been the largest permafrost region in middle-low latitude in the world for its high altitude. For the large area permafrost, especially surface deformation brought by it, have serious influence on the road engineering, road maintaining and regional economic development. Consequently, it is essential to monitor the surface deformation and study factors that influent it. We monitored an area named Wudaoliang from July 25, 2015 to June 1, 2016 and 15 Sentinel images were obtained during this time. The area we chose is about 35 kilometers long and 2 kilometers wide, and the national road 109 of China passes through the area. The traditional PS-INSAR (Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) method is not suitable because less historical images in the research area and leading to the number of PS (Persistent Scatterer) points is not enough to obtain accurate deformation results. Therefore, in this paper, we used another method which named QUASI-PSInSAR (QUASI Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) to acquire deformation for it has the advantage to weaken or eliminate the effects of spatial and temporal correlation, which has proved by other scholar. After processing 15 images in the SARproz software, we got the conclusions that, 1) the biggest deformation velocity in the whole area was about 127.9mm/year and about 109.3 mm/year in the road; 2) apparent deformation which have surface deformation more than 30mm/year was about 1.7Km in the road. Meanwhile, soil moisture(SM), Land surface temperature (LST) and surface water(SW), which are primary parameters of the land surface over the same time were reversed by using Sentinel data, Landsat data and ZY-3 data, respectively. After analyzing SM, LST , SW and deformation, we obtained that wet areas which had bigger SM, lower LST and more SW, had greater percentage of severe deformation than arid areas; besides, deformation pattern were different in arid areas and wet areas. During the research time, frost heaving firstly accounted for a large proportion both in the arid and wet areas with the decrease of downward radiation from July to December; after December, thaw settlement came into prominence with the increase downward radiation in the arid areas, while in the wet areas, surface put into diverse situations because of water transformation leading to severe deformation. In summary, soil moisture is an important factor that influences the surface deformation. This relationship between deformation process and soil moisture will be researched more in our further work.
AUTOMATIC COREGISTRATION FOR MULTIVIEW SAR IMAGES IN URBAN AREAS
Authors: Xiang Y. , Kang W. , Wang F. , You H.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Due to the high resolution property and the side-looking mechanism of SAR sensors, complex buildings structures make the registration of SAR images in urban areas becomes very hard. In order to solve the problem, an automatic and robust coregistration approach for multiview high resolution SAR images is proposed in the paper, which consists of three main modules. First, both the reference image and the sensed image are segmented into two parts, urban areas and nonurban areas. Urban areas caused by double or multiple scattering in a SAR image have a tendency to show higher local mean and local variance values compared with general homogeneous regions due to the complex structural information. Based on this criterion, building areas are extracted. After obtaining the target regions, L-shape structures are detected using the SAR phase congruency model and Hough transform. The double bounce scatterings formed by wall and ground are shown as strong L- or T-shapes, which are usually taken as the most reliable indicator for building detection. According to the assumption that buildings are rectangular and flat models, planimetric buildings are delineated using the L-shapes, then the reconstructed target areas are obtained. For the orignal areas and the reconstructed target areas, the SAR-SIFT matching algorithm is implemented. Finally, correct corresponding points are extracted by the fast sample consensus (FSC) and the transformation model is also derived. The experimental results on a pair of multiview TerraSAR images with 1-m resolution show that the proposed approach gives a robust and precise registration performance, compared with the orignal SAR-SIFT method.
RESEARCH ON INVERSION MODELS FOR FOREST HEIGHT ESTIMATION USING
POLARIMETRIC SAR INTERFEROMETRY
Authors: Zhang L. , Duan B. , Zou B.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The forest height is an important forest resource information parameter and usually used in biomass estimation. Forest height extraction with PolInSAR is a hot research field of imaging SAR remote sensing. SAR interferometry is a well-established SAR technique to estimate the vertical location of the effective scattering center in each resolution cell through the phase difference in images acquired from spatially separated antennas. The manipulation of PolInSAR has applications ranging from climate monitoring to disaster detection especially when used in forest area, is of particular interest because it is quite sensitive to the location and vertical distribution of vegetation structure components. However, some of the existing methods can’t estimate forest height accurately. Here we introduce several available inversion models and compare the precision of some classical inversion approaches using simulated data. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of these inversion methods, researchers can find better solutions conveniently based on these inversion methods.
SAMPLE EXTRACTION BSAED ON HELIX SCATTERING FOR POLARIMETRIC SAR CALIBRATIO
Authors: Chang Y. , Yang J. , Li P. , Zhao L. , Shi L.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Polarimetric calibration (PolCAL) of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images is a significant preprocessing for further applications. Since the reflection symmetry property of distributed objects can provide stable constraints for PolCAL. It is reasonable to extract these reference samples before calibration. The helix scattering generally appears in complex urban area and disappears for a natural scatterer, making it a good measure to extract distributed objects. In this paper, a novel technique that extracts reflecting symmetry samples is proposed by using helix scattering. The helix scattering information is calculated by Yamaguchi four-component decomposition algorithm. An adaptive threshold selection algorithm based on generalized Gaussian distribution is also utilized to scale the helix scattering components automatically, getting rid of the problem of various numerical range. The extracting results will be taken as PolCAL reference samples and the Quegan method are utilized to calibrate these PolSAR images. A C-band airborne PolSAR data was taken as examples to evaluate its ability in improving calibration precision. Traditional method i.e. extracting samples with span power was also evaluated as contrast experiment. The results showed that the samples extracting method based on helix scattering can improve the Polcal precision preferably.
MODELING MAIN BODY OF OVERCROSSING BRIDGE BASED ON VEHICLE-BORNE LASER SCANNING DATA
Authors: Chen X. , Chen M. , Wei Z. , Zhong R.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Vehicle-borne laser scanning (VBLS) is widely used to collect urban data for various mapping and modelling systems. This paper proposes a strategy of feature extraction and 3d model reconstruction for main body of overcrossing bridges based on VBLS point clouds. As the bridges usually have a large span, and the clouds data is often affected by obstacles, we have to use round-trip cloud data to avoid missing part. To begin with, pick out the cloud of the bridge body by an interactive clip-box, and group points by scan-line, then sort the points by scanning angle on each scan line. Since the position under the vehicle have a fixed scan-angle, a virtual path can be obtained. Secondly, extract horizontal line segments perpendicular to the virtual path along adjacent scan-lines, and then cluster line segments into long line-strings, which represent the top and bottom edge. Finally, regularize the line-strings and build 3d surface model of the bridge body. Experimental studies have demonstrated its efficiency and accuracy in case of building bridge model. Modelling the stairs at the both end of the bridge will be the direction of the next step.
AN IMPROVED VARIATIONAL METHOD FOR HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGE PANSHARPENING WITH THE CONSTRAINT OF SPECTRAL DIFFERENCE MINIMIZATION
Authors: Huang Z. , Chen Q. , Shen Y. , Chen Q. , Liu X.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Variational pansharpening can enhance the spatial resolution of a hyperspectral (HS) image using a high-resolution panchromatic (PAN) image. However, this technology may lead to spectral distortion that obviously affect the accuracy of data analysis. In this article, we propose an improved variational method for HS image pansharpening with the constraint of spectral difference minimization. We extend the energy function of the classic variational pansharpening method by adding a new spectral fidelity term. This fidelity term is designed following the definition of spectral angle mapper, which means that for every pixel, the spectral difference value of any two bands in the HS image is in equal proportion to that of the two corresponding bands in the pansharpened image. Gradient descent method is adopted to find the optimal solution of the modified energy function, and the pansharpened image can be reconstructed. Experimental results demonstrate that the constraint of spectral difference minimization is able to preserve the original spectral information well in HS images, and reduce the spectral distortion effectively. Compared to original variational method, our method performs better in both visual and quantitative evaluation, and achieves a good trade-off between spatial and spectral information.
STANDARDIZING QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF FUSED REMOTELY SENSED IMAGES
Authors: Pohl C. , Moellmann J. , Fries K.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The multitude of available operational remote sensing satellites led to the development of many image fusion techniques to provide high spatial, spectral and temporal resolution images. The comparison of different techniques is necessary to obtain an optimized image for the different applications of remote sensing. There are two approaches in assessing image quality: 1. Quantitatively by visual interpretation and 2. Quantitatively using image quality indices. However an objective comparison is difficult due to the fact that a visual assessment is always subject and a quantitative assessment is done by different criteria. Depending on the criteria and indices the result varies. Therefore it is necessary to standardize both processes (qualitative and quantitative assessment) in order to allow an objective image fusion quality evaluation. Various studies have been conducted at the University of Osnabrueck (UOS) to establish a standardized process to objectively compare fused image quality. First established image fusion quality assessment protocols, i.e. Quality with No Reference (QNR) and Khan's protocol, were compared on varies fusion experiments. Second the process of visual quality assessment was structured and standardized with the aim to provide an evaluation protocol. This manuscript reports on the results of the comparison and provides recommendations for future research.
CHANGE DETECTION BY FUSING ADVANTAGES OF THRESHOLD AND CLUSTERING METHODS
Authors: Tan M. , Hao M.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. In change detection (CD) of medium-resolution remote sensing images, the threshold and clustering methods are two kinds of the most popular ones. It is found that the threshold method of the expectation maximum (EM) algorithm usually generates a CD map including many false alarms but almost detecting all changes, and the fuzzy local information c-means algorithm (FLICM) obtains a homogeneous CD map but with some missed detections. Therefore, we aim to design a framework to improve CD results by fusing the advantages of threshold and clustering methods. Experimental results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL APPLICATION OF MULTI-SENSOR REMOTE SENSING DATA IN QIN YONGCHENG SITE
Authors: Wang M , Wan Y. , Zhao Z.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Remote sensing archaeology bases on the use of remote sensing images and interpretation of the principles. The historic relics and sites are resulted from human activities and have constantly caused influences on the soil component, moisture content, temperature, vegetation growth and so on. Based on this thought, this paper proposed a new remote sensing model and approach that integrates optical and thermal infrared remote sensing data for archaeology. Taking the Qin Yongcheng site as the example, this method conducts a comprehensive analysis of key factors affecting archaeological application, that is, LST estimated with Landsat TM data, soil brightness, humidity and greenness obtained from GF-1 data, and then interprets the potential site targets. By conducting the field verification, it is shown that the interpreted potential sites are well consisted with the field investigations and have a high interpretation precision. It can provide a guide for further archaeological research.
RESEARCH ON FOREST FLAME RECOGNITION ALGORITHM BASED ON IMAGE FEATURE
Authors: Wang Z. , Liu P. , Cui T.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. In recent years, fire recognition based on image features has become a hotspot in fire monitoring. However, due to the complexity of forest environment, the accuracy of forest fireworks recognition based on image features is low. Based on this, this paper proposes a feature extraction algorithm based on YCrCb color space and K-means clustering. Firstly, the paper prepares and analyzes the color characteristics of a large number of forest fire image samples. Using the K-means clustering algorithm, the forest flame model is obtained by comparing the two commonly used color spaces, and the suspected flame area is discriminated and extracted. The experimental results show that the extraction accuracy of flame area based on YCrCb color model is higher than that of HSI color model, which can be applied in different scene forest fire identification, and it is feasible in practice.
HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGE SHARPENING BASED ON EHLERS FUSION
Authors: Xu S. , Ehlers M.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. As the application of hyperspectral images is increasing, many researchers attempt to extend existing pansharpening techniques to hyperspectral images. This paper focuses on the application of Ehlers fusion to hyperspectral image sharpening. Ehlers fusion involves two crucial algorithms: filter technique in the frequency domain and intensity transform. In this study, different filter types and intensity transform methods were analysed separately. With a combination of filter types and intensity transforms, the fusion procedure was implemented to test data sets. The spectral profiles of the pixels of the images were then used as a tool to control the quality of the fused image. Finally, the performance of Ehlers fusion is compared with Principle Component (PC) analysis, Gram-Schmidt transform (Gram-Schmidt), High-Pass Filtering in the spatial domain (HPF), and Wavelet Principal Component (Wavelet-PC) analysis using the same input data. The comparison shows that Ehlers high-pass filter fusion shows outstanding performance both on spatial enhancement and colour preservation.
“Ever heard of EVEL Knievel?”: James Bond meets the Rural sheriff
Authors: Schwetman John D.
Published: September 2017

James Bond emerged as an international film hero because he represented an aspirational cosmopolitan ideal offering viewers an opportunity to escape to an exciting international arena of adventure during the Cold War. Sheriff J. W. Pepper’s appearance in Guy Hamilton’s Live and Let Die (1973) and The Man with the Golden Gun (1974) disrupts such cosmopolitan aspirations by calling attention to a cosmopolitan-rural divide that lurks in the shadows of these films. As a provincial throwback, Pepper presents a starker contrast to Bond than any of the most brutal villains he encounters, thus requiring Bond filmmakers to neutralize the conceptual threat that Pepper’s localism poses to Bond’s trans-global battle against evil on movie screens around the world.
Developing of Entrepreneurial Spirit in the Era of Asean Economic Community in Vocational High School
Authors: Nurhanifa Jahani , Efendy Hady
Published: September 2017

The entrepreneurship vocational school program is based on national policy points in the field of education contained in the National Medium Term Development Plan (PRJMN) document 2015 to 2019. To implement the entrepreneurship Vocational High School (SMK) program as related to the achievement of national policy in the field of education, especially that leads to the formation of character with the formation of attitudes and entrepreneurship attitudes of participants Educate in the management of education is expected to be able to find a better management of education strategy so as to produce output of quality education both viewed from academic and non academic quality. To be a successful entrepreneur, the main requirement is to have an entrepreneurial spirit and character. The entrepreneurial spirit and character are influenced by skill, ability, or competence. School or educational institution becomes a very strategic place to grow entrepreneurial talent. Facing the ASEAN Economic Community required human resources who are committed in entrepreneurs. So entrepreneurship education becomes one of the strategy effort in responding to the challenge. This article is descriptive analytic that is using the theories of experts to give an idea that the importance of entrepreneurship education in building entrepreneurship intentions of vocational students. So in the implementation of entrepreneurship education can be done through an integrated subjects as a force in the development of entrepreneurial interest. Building an intention in the entrepreneurship education process can be influenced by various factors such as internal factors, external and contextual. Therefore, to encourage the incidence of vocational students in entrepreneurship after graduation needs to get support from all parties, until the birth of intention that will be a reflection of the behavior of the real entrepreneur.
Impacts of Industry Attractiveness and Competitive Position on Leadership
Authors: Marx Thomas George
Published: September 2017

Contingency models of leadership have focused on the effects of organizational and follower characteristics onleadership. Much less effort has been given to understanding the effects of the external competitive environment onleadership. This paper explores the relationships among the external competitive environment, categorized by theattractiveness of the industry assessed by the intensity of competition and the industry’s long-term potential for salesand earnings growth, the strength of the company’s competitive position in the industry, and leadership. The resultsshow that industry attractiveness and competitive position have statistically significant effects on numerousleadership functions, traits, skills, styles, and its effectiveness. The findings have numerous implications for thepractice of leadership, and for the debates in the literature over the effects of the external environment on leadership,the most effective leadership styles, and the assessment of leadership effectiveness.
An Alternative Theory on the Spacetime of Non-inertial Reference Frame
Authors: Liu Gordon
Published: September 2017

In present paper, we have proposed an alternative theory on the spacetime of non-inertial reference frame (NRF) which bases on the requirement of general completeness (RGC) and the principle of equality of all reference frames (PERF). The RGC is that the physical equations used to describe the dynamics of matter and/or fields should include the descriptions that not only the matter and/or fields are at rest, but also they move relative to this reference frame, and the structure of the spacetime of reference frame has been considered. The PERF is that any reference frame can be used to describe the motion of matter and/or fields. The spacetime of NRF is inhomogeneous and deformed caused by the accelerating motion of the reference frame. The inertial force is the manifestation of deformed spacetime. The Riemann curvature tensor of the spacetime of NRF equals zero, but the Riemann-Christoffel symbol never vanishs no matter what coordinate system is selected in the NRF. The physical equations satisfied the RGC remain covariance under the coordinate transformation between the reference frames. Mach’s principle is incorrect. The problem of spacetime of NRF can be solved without considering gravitation.
A Contextual Approach to the Study of Discourse Anaphoric Expressions: On the Probabilistic Nature of Theoretical Predictions
Authors: Madhkhan Mozhgan , Mousavi Mojtaba
Published: September 2017

Anaphoric expressions are among the most frequent language forms which depend on context for their resolution. Among efforts made in theorizing referential choice, distance approaches take into account how accessibility/continuity is reflected by choice of referring expressions. The thing is that individual’s choices are made under major and minor influences which affect the variable predictability of anaphoric expressions. In order to investigate the variability of individual writings in a free writing task (the present paper aims to investigate the variability of individual writings in terms of the use of anaphoric expressions in a free writing task). Narrative data was collected from 10native writers (of English/Persian in University of Isfahan) by presenting them a seven-minute soundless action movie and asking them to narrate its story. The results show a fair degree of diversity in varying frequencies of pronouns and Full NPs. It is suggested that diversity might be caused by two factors: referential strategies of text producers who consider the helping role of context as well as the degree of referential distance, referential ambiguity and salience.
Relationship between Social Context and L2 Learning of EFL Students in Tertiary Level
Authors: Morales Silvia
Published: September 2017

This research analyzed the influence of socioeconomic variables in the L2 learning in beginner students of level one in a language center in a public university in Babahoyo. In addition, variables such as parents’ level of education and home environment are analyzed in order to determine the relationship between these variables with L2 learning. Regarding the results, socioeconomic status affects pronunciation of students. Moreover, the influence of the critical period of hypothesis tends to be reduced in L2 learners if the kind of teaching procedure is appropriate to their needs.
Relative Pose of IMU-Camera Calibration Based on BP Network
Authors: Guo Shasha , Xu Jing , Fang Ming , Tian Ying
Published: September 2017

There are many applications of the combination of IMU (Inertial Measurements Unit) and camera in fields of electronic image stabilization, enhancement reality and navigation where camera-IMU relative pose calibration is one of the key technologies, which may effectively avoid the cases of insufficient feature points, unclear texture, blurred image, etc. In this paper, a new camera-IMU relative pose calibration method is proposed by establishing a BP neural network model. Thus we can obtain the transform from IMU inertial measurements to images and achieve camera-IMU relative pose calibration. The advantage of our method is the application of BP neural network using Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, avoiding more complex calculations for the whole process. And it is convient for the application of camera-IMU combination system. Meanwhile, nonlinearities and noises are compensated while training and the impact of gravity can be ignored. Our experimental results demonstrated that this method can achieve camera-IMU relative pose calibration and the accuracy of quaternion estimation has reached about 0.01.
Isolation and identification of polar auxin transport inhibitors from Saussurea costus and Atractylodes japonica
Authors: Toda Yuta , Shigemori Hideyuki , Ueda Junichi , Miyamoto Kensuke
Published: September 2017

An intensive survey of naturally-occurring regulators of polar auxin transport (PAT) was conducted in two oriental medicinal species from the Asteraceae, Saussurea costus and Atractylodes japonica, using the radish hypocotyl bioassay system and physicochemical analyses. Costunolide and santamarine were identified as well as dehydrocostus lactone from S. costus roots, and atractylenolide II and (+)-eudesma-4(14),7(11)-dien-8-one from Atractylodes japonica rhizomes as physiologically novel compounds possessing inhibitory activities of PAT. Costunolide and santamarine showed ca. 40% inhibition of PAT in the radish hypocotyl segments at a dose of 2.5 μg/plant and 1 μg/plant, respectively. Inhibitory effects of atractylenolide II and (+)-eudesma-4(14),7(11)-dien-8-one were ca. 10 times lower than those of costunolide and santamarine. Structure–activity relationships and possible mechanisms to inhibit PAT are also discussed.
Anfíbios & “répteis” atropelados em um trecho da BR-232, no Estado de Pernambuco
Authors: De Almeida Gleymerson Vieira Lima , Amorim Fabiana Oliveira de , Santos Ednilza Maranhão dos
Published: September 2017

Animais atropelados em estradas e rodovias vêm chamando atenção de pesquisadores no sentido de investigar o real impacto da perda desses animais ao ambiente. O presente estudo teve como objetivo listar os anfíbios e répteis atropelados na rodovia BR-232, no trecho entre os municípios de Pesqueira a Serra Talhada. A via foi percorrida durante os anos de 2009 a 2011, em veículo com velocidade média entre 40 e 60 km/hora. Os animais avistados eram fotografados e identificados, quando possível. Foram registrados nesse período 13 pontos de coleta e um total de 89 indivíduos distribuídos entre 24 espécies de anfíbios (n= 2) e répteis (n= 22). As espécies com maiores números de registro foram o anfíbio anuro Rhinella jimi (n=14), e as serpentes Boiruna sertaneja (n=14) e Boa constrictor (n=12). Os trechos entre os municípios de Pesqueira-Arcoverde e Custódia-Serra Talhada foram os que tiveram um maior número de ocorrências, possivelmente devido à área de Caatinga arbustiva e arbórea encontrada ao longo desse percurso. O presente trabalho destaca a necessidade de ações ambientais mitigadoras nesse trecho, que visem reduzir o número de atropelamentos.
A Paisagem e a Vegetação na Ilha de Curupu, Litoral Ocidental do Estado do Maranhão.
Authors: Pinheiro Claudio Urbano Bittencourt , Machado Draytiane da Silva
Published: September 2017

A Ilha de Curupu constitui a principal unidade morfológica do Golfão Maranhense. Está localizada no nordeste da Ilha de São Luís e, regionalmente, figura como parte desta, pois durante a preamar os canais são inundados parecendo ambientes indissociáveis. Entretanto, politicamente, está integrada ao município de Raposa, próximo da capital maranhense, São Luís. A vegetação local é configurada pelas formações vegetais comumente encontradas na costa maranhense: os manguezais, as restingas, as dunas, as praias, os apicuns e marismas, além de formações vegetais secundárias resultantes do antropismo na ilha. Este estudo teve como objetivo principal levantar e caracterizar as principais unidades de paisagem e tipologias de vegetação da Ilha de Curupu, avaliando a sua ocorrência e distribuição na paisagem insular. Para tal, foi realizada a caracterização das principais unidades de paisagem e tipologias vegetacionais da Ilha de Curupu, sendo estas localizadas, classificadas e georreferenciadas. A amostragem da vegetação foi efetuada em 23 pontos, abrangendo todas as tipologias identificadas na Ilha, utilizando-se o método de parcelas. O levantamento fitossociológico resultou no registro e identificação 1.872 indivíduos pertencentes 52 espécies em 30 famílias. A vegetação exerce papel importante na paisagem geral da Ilha. As restingas exercem a proteção natural das dunas e dos campos mais baixos; os manguezais, proporcionam a proteção de igarapés que avançam do mar para o interior da Ilha. A matas de terra firme são responsáveis pela redução da exposição das áreas insulares à radiação solar direta, amenizando o clima na Ilha. São responsáveis também pela manutenção dos recursos hídricos na área, especialmente poços e pequenas lagoas temporárias. Na dimensão socioeonômica, embora a pesca seja a atividade principal na Ilha, a vegetação também ocupa seu espaço no provimento de variados produtos e serviços.
Riscos inerentes ao ambiente laboral de catadores de materiais recicláveis formais e informais
Authors: Cavalcante Lívia Poliana Santana , Silva Monica Maria Pereira da , Lima Vera Lúcia Antunes de
Published: September 2017

Neste trabalho objetivou-se analisar comparativamente os riscos ocupacionais, nos quais estão submetidos os catadores de materiais recicláveis que atuam em associação e na informalidade, em Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil. A pesquisa participante foi realizada de março de 2012 a dezembro de 2013, com 11 catadores de materiais recicláveis, sendo sete profissionais organizados em Associação, a ARENSA (Associação de Catadores de Materiais Recicláveis da Comunidade Nossa Senhora Aparecida) e quatro que trabalham na informalidade. Os grupos escolhidos residem no mesmo bairro, Tambor. Os riscos ocupacionais averiguados foram os químicos, físicos, biológicos e ergonômicos. Verificou-se que os catadores de materiais recicláveis estão submetidos diariamente, em suas rotinas de trabalho, a diferentes riscos ocupacionais, dentre eles, exposição a ruídos, vibração, radiação solar, alteração da temperatura, contato direto e indireto com materiais químicos, como solventes e líquidos que vazam de pilhas e baterias, exposição a organismos patogênicos contidos em resíduos orgânicos, sanitários e de serviço de saúde. Realizam esforço físico intenso durante a coleta e transporte de materiais recicláveis, numa jornada de trabalho que ultrapassa a oito horas diárias. No entanto, os riscos são intensificados entre os catadores de materiais recicláveis informais. Dentre outros fatores, falta de formação, por não receberem os resíduos selecionados e higienizados na fonte geradora, mantendo contato direto com os demais tipos de resíduos (orgânicos, sanitários e de serviço de saúde), agravando-se pela ausência de Equipamentos de Proteção Individual (EPI) durante atividades laborais. Conclui-se que existe relação entre a organização de catadores de materiais recicláveis em associação e a diminuição dos riscos inerentes ao exercício da profissão, quando comparado aos informais. No entanto, os catadores de materiais recicláveis associados não se encontram isentos destes riscos, requerendo políticas públicas mais efetivas, especialmente relacionadas à Gestão Integrada de Resíduos Sólidos.
Alternativas sustentáveis para a mobilidade urbana no município de Ribeirão Bonito (SP)
Authors: Franco Cynthia Akemi Anno , Moura Lidia , Moschini Luiz Eduardo
Published: September 2017

O crescimento urbano implica no aumento de transportes individuais, porém a mudança no padrão de mobilidade nas cidades se mostra cada vez mais necessária quando pensamos em qualidade de vida. A fim de contribuir para essas mudanças, o seguinte trabalho propõe alternativas para a mobilidade urbana interligando as áreas de convivência localizadas no perímetro urbano do município. A metodologia da pesquisa foi pautada em revisão bibliográfica do tema e utilização do Sistema de Informação Geográfica (ArcGis), levando a constatação de que o município de Ribeirão Bonito possui uma grande frota de automóveis e que a população demanda por melhoria do sistema de transporte, pensando que a construção de ciclovias traria melhor qualidade de vida. Assim foram identificados os principais locais de interesse para a circulação urbana, tais como hospitais, praças e igrejas, e a partir daí foram traçadas conexões entre as ruas principais que levam aos bairros e que se conectam aos locais de interesse, criando uma rede de ciclovias com o propósito de estimular a utilização de um meio de transporte sustentável.
Vantagens energéticas e ambientais do uso de adubo em couro
Authors: Ribeiro Elizete Maria Possamai , Mello Pedro Barbosa , Ciavatta Claudio , Cavani Luciano
Published: September 2017

No Brasil, a indústria de curtimento gera grandes quantidades de resíduos. Este país ocupa uma posição significativa como produtor de pele - especialmente couro bovino. Os resíduos sólidos são muitas vezes descartados no ambiente sem tratamento, o que implica problemas ambientais e desperdício de energia. Normalmente, o controle e o gerenciamento industrial de resíduos sólidos no país são caracterizados pela falta de estudos sobre o assunto, quantidade e qualidade dos resíduos gerados, além da falta de unidades compatíveis de tratamento final e descarte em algumas regiões. O couro é bronzeado com sais de crómio. Este processo visa obter um melhor acabamento, aumentando a resistência ao desgaste e à corrosão. O bronzeamento com os sais de cromo (III) os torna mais flexíveis e macios. Assim, este estudo pretende verificar um modelo matemático do comportamento da mineralização de nitrogênio potencial e do comportamento do sal de cromo (III) em solos após aplicação de fertilizante feito de hidrolisado de couro bovino. O modelo matemático será aplicado de acordo com os dados obtidos, e após a aplicação da metodologia estabelecida.
Certificação ambiental: a percepção e perfil dos clientes de uma oficina de refrigeração automotiva
Authors: Bortoluzzi Franciane , Bonemberger Simone Zuconelli , Bertolini Geysler Rogis Flor , Johann Jerry Adriani
Published: September 2017

O consumo consciente é cada vez mais notado no mercado de consumo. As empresas têm buscado se adaptar as exigências destes consumidores ambientalmente conscientes, com ações voltadas para a questão ambiental. Estudos mostram que essa atenção às práticas ambientais pode trazer resultados positivos para as empresas, aumentando sua competitividade no mercado em que atuam. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a percepção e o perfil dos clientes de uma oficina de refrigeração automotiva quanto à obtenção de uma certificação ambiental (selo verde). O estudo foi classificado como descritivo, utilizando a abordagem quantitativa, com aplicação de questionários aos potenciais clientes da oficina. Os dados foram tratados pela análise descritiva, análise bidimensional com teste de independência, por meio do Pacote Office Excel e Software Action. Os resultados mostram que os pesquisados valorizam produtos ou serviços que possuem selo ambiental ou que são vendidos por empresas certificadas e 90% deles se dispõe a pagar algum valor a mais para contratar um serviço certificado. Não há influência de idade, sexo e renda familiar nos clientes que valorizam o consumo consciente, mas a variável escolaridade apresenta relação significativa com a valorização da certificação ambiental. A contribuição prática da pesquisa está em possibilitar aos gestores tomadas de decisões assertivas quanto à obtenção de certificações ambientais, mediante perfil e consciência ambiental de seus potenciais clientes.
A construção do ser ambiental a partir da nova ética de responsabilidade relacional
Authors: Goldhar Tatiane Gonçalves Miranda
Published: September 2017

A relação homem-ambiente tem sido estudada há décadas com o objetivo de se encontrar uma solução para os problemas ambientais da modernidade e compatibilizar o desenvolvimento tecnológico com a manutenção de um ambiente sadio para todos. Uma nova ética de responsabilidade para com o meio ambiente necessita ser formulada visando reconstruir a relação homem-natureza, exteriorizando o ser ambiental existente em todos ser humano. O trabalho propõe uma nova ética relacional, sugerindo um paradigma ético de responsabilidade para com o meio ambiente, fundamentado no cuidado e nos princípios da fraternidade e solidariedade.
A Educação Ambiental como instrumento para a adoção da Gestão Ambiental: o perfil de pequenas empresas do setor comercial de Aracaju
Authors: Bastos Júnior Luis Claudio dos santos , Nunes Roseli Pereira
Published: September 2017

O presente estudo procura verificar se o nível da educação ambiental dos gestores de organizações localizadas no centro comercial da cidade de Aracaju (SE), selecionadas para este, tem haver com a adoção de práticas sustentáveis no cotidiano destas pequenas empresas. O foco direcionou-se para as empresas de tal porte, pois, é notória sua importância para a economia local principalmente no que se refere à empregabilidade. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza mista, onde foi aplicado um questionário e entrevista aberta com os gerentes das organizações. Por fim, após analise dos dados coletados, evidenciou-se que o nível de educação ambiental (EA) dos envolvidos é baixo e que as práticas ambientais adotadas também não são bem fundamentadas, assim como pouco eficazes. Desta feita, podemos associar que uma EA é de fundamental importância para um gestor incentivador de atos ambientalmente corretos.
Estudio de la agricultura urbana y periurbana de varzea grande (MT) bajo la perspectiva del análisis de clusters
Authors: Almeida Diogo Jose Amorim de , Dallemole Dilamar , Zavala Arturo Alejandro Zavala
Published: September 2017

La provincia de Mato Grosso es conocida globalmente por su amplia producción agropecuaria, altamente tecnificada y con contributo expresivo a la seguridad alimentaria. Sin embargo, se identifica una característica infrecuente en el municipio de Varzea Grande, junto a capital Cuiabá, de experiencias con agricultura urbana y periurbana, que perduran durante años y cumplen un papel representativo para con la producción de alimentos y combate a problemas de salud pública locales. Por ser considerada una actividad importante del punto de vista socioeconómico y ambiental, se objetiva con este estudio analizar a referida estructura de producción, de característica horticola, su importancia, magnitud, limitaciones y potencialidades para el referido municipio y entorno. En el primer momento se hace una breve contextualización de la actividad, por medio de un estudio exploratorio, de carácter empírico y bibliográfico, con destaque para los aspectos socioeconómicos y, en la secuencia, se realiza un Análisis de Agrupaciones (Clusters) con base nos datos primarios colectados junto a los productores locales. A pesar de la parcela de alimentos producidos y manutención de los terrenos libres de insectos o animales transmisores de enfermedades, los resultados apuntan para una actividad en vías de degradación, cuya la rentabilidad y proceso de comercialización a tornan poco atractiva o complementaría de renta. El cuadro general de la actividad en el municipio engloba pequeñas fuerzas productivas que no consiguen sostenerse en la actual estructura de mercado, o mismo a la acción prolongada de una política social desfavorable, motivos que intensifican su proceso de deterioro.
Pyrazolidine‐3,5‐dione‐based inhibitors of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase as a new class of potential C4 plant herbicides
Authors: Dick Markus , Erlenkamp German , Nguyen Giang T.T. , Förster Kerstin , Groth Georg , Gohlke Holger
Published: September 2017

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) is a key enzyme in the C4 photosynthetic pathway of many of the world's worst weeds and a valuable target to develop C4 plant‐selective herbicides. By virtual screening, analog synthesis, and in vitro validation, we identified pyrazolidine‐3,5‐diones as a new class of small molecules with inhibitory potential down to the submicromolar range against C4 PEPC and a selectivity factor of up to 16 over C3 PEPC. No other biological activity has yet been reported for the best compound, (3‐bromophenyl)‐4‐(3‐hydroxybenzylidene)‐pyrazolidine‐3,5‐dione. A systematic variation in the substituents allowed the derivation of a qualitative structure–activity relationship. These findings make this compound class highly interesting for further investigations toward generating potent, C4 plant‐selective herbicides with a low potential for unwanted effects.
Dynamics and function ofERMproteins during cytokinesis in human cells
Authors: Hiruma Shota , Kamasaki Tomoko , Otomo Kohei , Nemoto Tomomi , Uehara Ryota
Published: September 2017

The molecular mechanism that governs cytoskeleton–membrane interaction during animal cytokinesis remains elusive. Here, we investigated the dynamics and functions ofERM(Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin) proteins during cytokinesis in human cultured cells. We found that ezrin is recruited to the cleavage furrow through its membrane‐associated domain in a cholesterol‐dependent but largely Rho‐independent manner. WhileERMs are dispensable for furrow ingression, they play a pivotal role in contractile activity of the polar cortex. Notably, when anillin and supervillin are codepleted,ERMs increasingly accumulate at the cleavage furrow and substantially contribute to the furrow ingression. These results reveal a supportive role ofERMs in cortical activities during cytokinesis, and also provide insight into the selective mechanism that preferentially associates cytokinesis‐relevant proteins with the division site.
Distribution of Dissolved Zinc in the Western and Central Subarctic North Pacific
Authors: Kim Taejin , Obata Hajime , Nishioka Jun , Gamo Toshitaka
Published: September 2017

We investigated the biogeochemical cycling of dissolved zinc (Zn) in the western and central subarctic North Pacific during the GEOTRACES GP 02 cruise. The relationship between dissolved Zn and silicate in the subarctic North Pacific plotted as a concave curve. Values of Zn* were strongly positive in the intermediate waters (26.6–27.5 σθ) of both the western and the central subarctic North Pacific. There was a distinct kink in the relationship between dissolved Zn and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) at the transition from shallow to intermediate water, which is similar to what has been reported for other open oceans. The high Zn:SRP ratio and high Zn* in the intermediate water suggest that intermediate water masses play an important role in the decoupling of dissolved Zn and silicate in the subarctic North Pacific, which implies that the biogeochemical processes that control dissolved Zn and silicate in the intermediate water are different from those in other oceanic regions.
Slow Dynamics and Strength Recovery in Unconsolidated Granular Earth Materials: A Mechanistic Theory
Authors: Lieou Charles K. C. , Daub Eric G. , Ecke Robert E. , Johnson Paul A.
Published: September 2017

Rock materials often display long‐time relaxation, commonly termed aging or “slow dynamics,” after the cessation of acoustic perturbations. In this paper, we focus on unconsolidated rock materials and propose to explain such nonlinear relaxation through the shear‐transformation‐zone theory of granular media, adapted for small stresses and strains. The theory attributes the observed relaxation to the slow, irreversible change of positions of constituent grains and posits that the aging process can be described in three stages: fast recovery before some characteristic time associated with the subset of local plastic events or grain rearrangements with a short time scale, log linear recovery of the elastic modulus at intermediate times, and gradual turnover to equilibrium steady state behavior at long times. We demonstrate good agreement with experiments on aging in granular materials such as simulated fault gouge after an external disturbance. These results may provide insights into observed modulus recovery after strong shaking in the near surface region of earthquake zones.
The Cyclooxygenases
Authors: Malkowski Michael G
Published: September 2017

Cyclooxygenases (COX‐1 and COX‐2) are membrane‐associated, heme‐containing enzymes that oxygenate arachidonic acid to generate prostaglandin H2in the committed step of prostanoid biosynthesis. The resulting prostanoids play a key role in the maintenance of numerous physiological processes within the body. Abnormal changes in COX‐mediated prostanoid production are associated with various disease pathologies, including inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Aspirin, nonselective nonsterroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, and COX‐2‐selective drugs target COX‐1 and COX‐2 to reduce acute and chronic inflammation. As such, the crystal structures of COX‐1 and COX‐2 have been extensively characterized in the presence of substrates and inhibitors in order to gain a deeper understanding at the molecular level of the mechanistic nuances that underlie catalysis and inhibition. This review serves to summarize the recent advances in COX structural biology.
From3DIntermetallic Antiperovskites to2DHalf Antiperovskites
Authors: Weihrich Richard , Köhler Korbinian , Pielnhofer Florian , Haumann Sebastian
Published: September 2017

The concept of ordered half antiperovskites (HAP) derives A2M3X2structures formally from metal‐rich intermetallic antiperovskites AM3X such as MgNi3C. It was developed within the last decade in Regensburg accompanied by fascinating discoveries of other groups. It extends the idea known for oxide structures related to perovskite such as cuprate superconductors: therein, the 3D M‐O network is cut to 2D sheets, that is YBaCu2O7‐d. By systematic formation of unoccupied sites 3D interlinked MO6octahedra in perovskites are cut to 2D substructures with CuO4and CuO5units. To the best of our knowledge, a similar scheme was not described for antiperovskites AM3X, where X and M sites of perovskites are exchanged. MgNi3C is taken subsequently as reference example. First reported by Hütter and Stadelmaier it became famous as noncuprate nonoxide superconductor. We show that MX6and XM6units in perovskites AMX3and APs AM3X can be cut to MX3and XM3units to form 2D structures. The situation compares to gray As and black P that are derived from a primitive α‐Po structure by cutting three of the six bonds. In both cases, interlinked 3D networks are cut to 2D structures. However, the ternary compounds introduce additional degrees of freedom by varying the electron count by composition that turns out important to design properties such as for example magnetism and thermoelectrics of superconductivity. Consequently, the HAP concept consists of a crystal structure part for compounds A2M3X2 = AM3/2L3/2X with AP superstructures and an electronic structure part. In this review, we point out relations to antiperovskite AM3X crystal and electronic structures, the history of A2M3X2compounds, the HAP concept, important discoveries of HAP materials and novel investigations on synthesis, spintronics, thermoelectrics, superconductors, and topological properties. Advantages of the given conceptual view are pointed out for computer modeling, design, and prediction of structures and functions.