bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parasitic Diseases
Authors: Downing Christopher , Tyring Stephen
Published: September 2022

This chapter provides an overview of helminth and protozoal infections as they pertain to the dermatologist, dermatologist in training or medical student. Major parasites are covered with specific emphasis on pathology, clinical presentation and treatment of disease. Parasitic worms and protozoa cause a high proportion of the world's transmissible diseases, particularly in the tropics and subtropics, and they are responsible for some of the most dramatic and serious of the afflictions of the skin.
Arthropods
Authors: Monsel Gentiane , Delaunay Pascal , Chosidow Olivier
Published: September 2022

Many arthropod species are capable of inflicting bites and stings on humans. They produce their effects on the skin by a variety of mechanisms, resulting in a wide spectrum of clinical lesions. Reaction to arthropod assaults can range from mild to life threatening. Diagnosis of arthropod bites is often self‐evident, but may be difficult when the source of the bites is not immediately obvious. An entomologist is often invaluable in these situations. Many diseases have arthropods vectors, for example malaria (mosquitoes), leishmaniasis (sandflies) and typhus (lice). The terrestrial arthropods of medical interest include the orders Insecta (insects), Arachnida (arachnida), Chilopoda (centipedes) and Diplopoda (millipedes).
Urticarial Vasculitis
Authors: Borzova Elena , Grattan Clive E. H.
Published: September 2022

Urticarial vasculitis is a rare disease that needs to be differentiated from chronic spontaneous urticaria. The illness is characterized clinically by urticarial lesions with histological evidence of leucocytoclastic vasculitis. It can lead to substantial morbidity if associated with hypocomplementaemia and systemic involvement. The diagnosis relies on lesional skin biopsy and may present challenges for both clinicians and histopathologists. Investigation for an underlying infection or an autoimmune‐, neoplastic‐ or drug‐related aetiology may reveal a cause but many cases remain unexplained after investigation. Management of urticarial vasculitis can be difficult and includes H1 antihistamines, non‐steriodal anti‐inflammatory drugs, oral corticosteroids, antimalarials and immunosuppressive agents, but evidence of efficacy from controlled studies is needed.
Dermatoses Resulting from Disorders of the Veins and Arteries
Authors: Goldsmith Portia C.
Published: September 2022

This chapter discusses the disorders that affect the arteries and veins that are important to practising dermatologists. It moves from peripheral arterial disease to varicose veins, venous thrombosis and chronic insufficiency. On the way, arterial, venous and arteriovenous malformations are discussed; the types and causes of telangiectases are described; and erythromelalgia is covered. The latest on the pathogenesis of these disorders is discussed and the most recent guidelines on management are given.
Dermatoses of the Oral Cavity and Lips
Authors: Scully Crispian
Published: September 2022

Oral and labial lesions are usually the result of local disease but may be the early signs of systemic disease, including dermatological disorders, and in some instances may cause the main symptoms. This chapter mainly discusses disorders of the periodontal and mucosal tissues that may be related to skin disease and that may present at a dermatology clinic. It should be borne in mind that the professionals most competent in diagnosing and treating oral diseases are those with formal dental training and who are therefore in a position to understand the full complexities of the region. This chapter is divided into a brief discussion of the biology of the mouth, an overview of the more common signs and symptoms affecting specific oral tissues, discussion of the disorders of the oral mucosa of most relevance to dermatology and a tabulated review of oral manifestations of systemic diseases. Only the more classic oral lesions are illustrated. For reasons of space restrictions, diseases affecting the teeth, salivary glands, jaws or temporomandibular joints are not discussed in any depth.
Humility
Authors: Battaly Heather
Published: September 2022

What is humility, and is it a virtue? This entry provides an overview of contemporary analyses of general humility and intellectual humility. Following the Aristotelian tradition in virtue ethics and virtue epistemology, it understands humility through the lens of character traits and their components. Aristotle argues that virtues are character traits, and character traits are dispositions or habits of cognition, action, motivation, and affect. Accordingly, this entry divides analyses of humility into those that highlight one or another of these four kinds of dispositions. It raises objections to the key analyses in this debate and identifies areas that warrant further exploration.
Observer‐based bipartite Mittag‐Leffler time‐varying formation for fractional multi‐agent systems with discontinuous inherent dynamics
Authors: Zhang Jing , Wu Huaiqin , Cao Jinde
Published: September 2022

In this article, the bipartite Mittag‐Leffler time‐varying formation issue of fractional multi‐agent systems is discussed, where the dynamical nodes of followers are modeled to be discontinuous and nondecreasing. A observer‐based adaptive distributed control scheme, which is dependent on output information, is designed to realized the bipartite formation control goal. Meanwhile, the efficient algorithm with respect to the control protocol also is presented. Under fractional Filippov differential inclusion framework, by constructing Lur'e Postnikov‐type Lyapunov functional and applying Clarke's non‐smooth analysis technique, the bipartite Mittag‐Leffler time‐varying formation conditions are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities. At last, a simulation example is carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Simultaneous actuator and sensor fault reconstruction of singular delayed linear parameter varying systems in the presence of unknown time varying delays and inexact parameters
Authors: Hassanabadi Amir Hossein , Pourdadashi Komachali Fateme , Shafiee Masoud , Puig Vicenc
Published: September 2022

In this article, robust fault diagnosis of a class of singular delayed linear parameter varying systems is considered. The considered system has delayed dynamics with unknown time varying delays and also it is affected by noise, disturbance and faults in both actuators and sensors. Moreover, in addition to the aforementioned unknown inputs and uncertainty, another source of uncertainty related to inexact measures of the scheduling parameters is present in the system. Making use of the descriptor system approach, sensor faults in the system are added as additional states into the original state vector to obtain an augmented system. Then, by designing a suitable proportional double integral unknown input observer (PDIUIO), the states, actuator, and sensor faults are estimated. The uncertainty due to the mismatch between the inexact parameters that schedule the observer and the real parameters that schedule the original system is formulated with an uncertain system approach. In the PDIUIO, the uncertainty induced by unknown inputs (disturbance, noise and actuator, and sensor faults), unknown delays, and inexact parameter measures are attenuated in H∞ sense with different weights. The constraints regarding the existence and the robust stability of the designed PDIUIO are formulated using linear matrix inequalities. The efficiency of the proposed method is verified using an application example based on an electrical circuit.
Filling the Gaps in the Challenging Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Exocyclic Benzofused Alkenes with Ir−P,N Catalysts
Authors: Biosca Maria , de la Cruz‐Sánchez Pol , Tarr Daniel , Llanes Patricia , Karlsson Erik A. , Margalef Jèssica , Pàmies Oscar , Pericàs Miquel A. , Diéguez Montserrat
Published: September 2022

Herein, we report a chiral phosphine‐triazole ligand for the Ir‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of exocyclic benzofused alkenes. Overcoming previous limitations, the catalytic system is able to successfully hydrogenate exocyclic olefins bearing a benzofused five‐ and six‐membered ring motif (ee's between 92 to 99%). The catalyst tolerates well the presence of several substituents and substitution patterns at both aromatic rings. The absence of a competing isomerization process together with the perfect fit of the olefins in the catalyst chiral pocket are key to surpass the previous limitations in the hydrogenation of both 5‐ and 6‐membered ring benzofused exocyclic olefins.

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Cu–Au nanoparticles produced by the aggregation of gas‐phase metal atoms for CO oxidation
Authors: Chepkasov Ilya V. , Baidyshev Viktor S. , Golubnichiy Artem A. , Zamulin Ivan S. , Kvashnin Alexander G. , Kozlov Sergey M.
Published: September 2022

Alloy nanoparticles (nanoalloys) are widely applied in heterogeneous catalysts, advanced electrodes, biomaterials, and other areas. The properties of nanoalloys can be tuned to a significant extent by their structures and compositions, which are governed by the employed synthetic procedure. Often such synthesis occurs in non‐equilibrium conditions and yields nanoalloys with structures and properties that are different from those obtained in thermodynamic equilibrium. In this work, we characterize how the non‐equilibrium conditions during the synthesis of Cu–Au alloys via physical vapor deposition (PVD) affect their morphology, composition, electronic structure, and reactivity in CO oxidation. We used molecular dynamics to simulate the PVD synthesis of Cu–Au nanoalloys through the non‐isothermal aggregation of Cu and Au atoms at a 3:1 ratio in the Ar atmosphere to obtain realistic structures of Cu–Au nanoparticles. Due to the different aggregation kinetics of Au and Cu atoms, the average Au concentration in the obtained Cu–Au particles varied between 14% and 50% depending on the nanoparticle size and the aggregation time. Density functional simulations revealed that the reactivity of the obtained Cu–Au clusters toward CO and oxygen as well as Brønsted–Evans–Polanyi relations for CO oxidation significantly depend on whether the clusters had fcc, icosahedral, or amorphous structures and do not strongly correlate with the d‐band centers of the adsorption sites. Our study highlights the importance of the non‐equilibrium character of nanoalloy structure and composition for their electronic structure and catalytic properties. The performed analysis of the reactivity of Cu–Au clusters with realistic structures in CO oxidation will help the optimization of Cu–Au catalysts for this societally important reaction.
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Treated by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Boumaza Xavier , Bonneau Baptiste , Roos‐Weil Damien , Pinnetti Carmela , Rauer Sebastian , Nitsch Louisa , Del Bello Arnaud , Jelcic Ilijas , Sühs Kurt‐Wolfram , Gasnault Jacques , Goreci Yasemin , Grauer Oliver , Gnanapavan Sharmilee , Wicklein Rebecca , Lambert Nicolas , Perpoint Thomas , Beudel Martijn , Clifford David , Sommet Agnès , Cortese Irene , Martin‐Blondel Guillaume ,   for the Immunotherapy for PML Study Group
Published: September 2022

Objective

Our aim was to assess the real‐world effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors for treatment of patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML).

Methods

We conducted a multicenter survey compiling retrospective data from 79 PML patients, including 38 published cases and 41 unpublished cases, who received immune checkpoint inhibitors as add‐on to standard of care. One‐year follow‐up data were analyzed to determine clinical outcomes and safety profile. Logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with 1‐year survival.

Results

Predisposing conditions included hematological malignancy (n = 38, 48.1%), primary immunodeficiency (n = 14, 17.7%), human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (n = 12, 15.2%), inflammatory disease (n = 8, 10.1%), neoplasm (n = 5, 6.3%), and transplantation (n = 2, 2.5%). Pembrolizumab was most commonly used (n = 53, 67.1%). One‐year survival was 51.9% (41/79). PML–immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) was reported in 15 of 79 patients (19%). Pretreatment expression of programmed cell death‐1 on circulating T cells did not differ between survivors and nonsurvivors. Development of contrast enhancement on follow‐up magnetic resonance imaging at least once during follow‐up (OR = 3.16, 95% confidence interval = 1.20–8.72, p = 0.02) was associated with 1‐year survival. Cerebrospinal fluid JC polyomavirus DNA load decreased significantly by 1‐month follow‐up in survivors compared to nonsurvivors (p < 0.0001). Thirty‐two adverse events occurred among 24 of 79 patients (30.4%), and led to treatment discontinuation in 7 of 24 patients (29.1%).

Interpretation

In this noncontrolled retrospective study of patients with PML who were treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, mortality remains high. Development of inflammatory features or overt PML‐IRIS was commonly observed. This study highlights that use of immune checkpoint inhibitors should be strictly personalized toward characteristics of the individual PML patient. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:257–270
Staufen Impairs Autophagy in Neurodegeneration
Authors: Paul Sharan , Dansithong Warunee , Gandelman Mandi , Figueroa Karla P. , Zu Tao , Ranum Laura P. W. , Scoles Daniel R. , Pulst Stefan M.
Published: September 2022

Objective

The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase is one of the master coordinators of cellular stress responses, regulating metabolism, autophagy, and apoptosis. We recently reported that staufen1 (STAU1), a stress granule (SG) protein, was overabundant in fibroblast cell lines from patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal degeneration, Huntington's, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's diseases as well as animal models, and patient tissues. STAU1 overabundance is associated with mTOR hyperactivation and links SG formation with autophagy. Our objective was to determine the mechanism of mTOR regulation by STAU1.

Methods

We determined STAU1 abundance with disease‐ and chemical‐induced cellular stressors in patient cells and animal models. We also used RNA‐binding assays to contextualize STAU1 interaction with MTOR mRNA.

Results

STAU1 and mTOR were overabundant in bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)‐C9ORF72, ATXN2Q127, and Thy1‐TDP‐43 transgenic mouse models. Reducing STAU1 levels in these mice normalized mTOR levels and activity and autophagy‐related marker proteins. We also saw increased STAU1 levels in HEK293 cells transfected to express C9ORF72‐relevant dipeptide repeats (DPRs). Conversely, DPR accumulations were not observed in cells treated by STAU1 RNA interference (RNAi). Overexpression of STAU1 in HEK293 cells increased mTOR levels through direct MTOR mRNA interaction, activating downstream targets and impairing autophagic flux. Targeting mTOR by rapamycin or RNAi normalized STAU1 abundance in an SCA2 cellular model.

Interpretation

STAU1 interaction with mTOR drives its hyperactivation and inhibits autophagic flux in multiple models of neurodegeneration. Staufen, therefore, constitutes a novel target to modulate mTOR activity and autophagy, and for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:398–416
Copper‐Catalyzed Boroaminomethylation of Olefins to γ‐Boryl Amines with CO as C1 Source
Authors: Wu Fu‐Peng , Geng Hui‐Qing , Wu Xiao‐Feng
Published: September 2022

Boroaminomethylation of olefins is an efficient process to convert hydrocarbons directly into boron‐, nitrogen‐containing molecules. Such chemicals are a good handle for obtaining more complexed amine derivatives through the various transformations of organoboron. However, using simple and easily available CO as the C1 feedstock to achieve boroaminomethylation is still elusive. Here we report a copper‐catalyzed boroaminomethylation of olefins with CO as the C1 source via the mechanism of a carbene insertion into the N−H bond. This method affords valuable γ‐boryl amines from four inexpensive readily chemicals. The wide synthetic transformations of the γ‐boryl amines demonstrates their utility. Notably, 13C labeling studies revealed that the −CH2‐building block was derived from one molecule of CO.
Ynamide‐Mediated Peptide Bond Formation: Mechanistic Study and Synthetic Applications
Authors: Xu Silin , Jiang Dandan , Peng Zejun , Hu Long , Liu Tao , Zhao Lili , Zhao Junfeng
Published: September 2022

Ynamides, a class of novel coupling reagents for peptide synthesis, facilitated peptide bond formation in a one‐pot, two‐step manner with α‐acyloxyenamide active esters of amino acids as stable intermediates. Ynamide‐mediated peptide synthesis proceeded by a reaction mechanism that is completely different from that of conventional coupling reagents and exhibited superiority in addressing the issue of racemization/epimerization during peptide bond formation. Herein, we present a systematic mechanistic analysis, including kinetics and Brønsted‐type structure–reactivity studies and density functional theory calculations, providing unprecedented mechanistic insight into ynamide‐mediated peptide bond formation. Based on these mechanistic studies, significant improvements were made, and the applicability of ynamide‐mediated peptide bond formation was successfully expanded to peptide fragment condensation, head‐to‐tail cyclization and solid‐phase peptide synthesis.
Reversible Light‐Controlled CO Adsorption via Tuning π‐Complexation of Cu+ Sites in Azobenzene‐Decorated Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Li Yu‐Xia , Zhong Wen , Zhou Jin‐Jian , Qi Shi‐Chao , Liu Xiao‐Qin , Sun Lin‐Bing
Published: September 2022

Light‐responsive adsorbents capture significant attention due to their tailorable performance upon light irradiation. The modulation of such adsorbents is mainly based on weak (physical) interactions caused by steric hindrance while tuning strong interaction with target adsorbates is scarce. Here we report smart π‐complexation adsorbents, which can adjust the π‐complexation of active sites via light irradiation. A typical metal‐organic framework, MIL‐101‐NH2, was decorated with azobenzene motifs, and Cu+ as π‐complexation active sites were introduced subsequently. The reversible light‐induced isomerization of azobenzene regulates the surface electrostatic potentials around Cu+ from −0.038 to 0.008 eV, causing shielding and exposure effects. The alteration of CO uptake is achieved up to 54 % via changing light, while that on MIL‐101‐NH2 is negligible. This study provides a clue for designing target‐specific smart materials to meet the practical stimuli‐responsive adsorption demands.
Activatable Multimodal Probes for In Vivo Imaging and Theranostics
Authors: Wang Yuqi , Hu Yuxuan , Ye Deju
Published: September 2022

Multimodal imaging, which harnesses two or more imaging modalities to produce complementary anatomical and molecular information of a living subject, has become as a powerful tool in both basic biomedical research and clinical diagnosis. The progresses in multimodal imaging are paralleled by the advances in multimodal probes, particularly activatable multimodal imaging probes that can generate concurrent switches in different imaging modality signals upon interaction with a molecular target. These probes are extremely promising for in vivo imaging. In this Minireview, we summarize the recent progress in activatable multimodal probes for in vivo imaging and cancer theranostics, focusing on their design principle, signal activation mechanism and biomedical applications. The current challenges and perspectives for future developments of activatable multimodal probes are also briefly discussed. We hope that this Minireview will provide inspiration for the design of other activatable multimodal probes for improving in vivo imaging and theranostics.
A novel Hercynite‐supported tetradentate Schiff base complex of manganese catalyzed one‐pot annulation reactions
Authors: Mohammadi Masoud , Ghorbani‐Choghamarani Arash
Published: September 2022

The present study is the first report on the synthesis and catalytic performance of Hercynite nanoparticles capped with a novel Schiff base–manganese(II) complex brought from a synthetic procedure. The solid support and the catalyst were characterized using various analytical techniques. The characterization results suggest excellent dispersibility, stability, high Mn content under the catalyst surface, and small size of catalyst, which leads to excellent catalytic activity and selectivity. Moreover, the catalyst proved to be sustainable and recyclable for rapid synthesis of various chromene‐ and pyran‐annulated heterocycles under ambient conditions. The effect of various crucial catalytic parameters was investigated and optimized. The scope of the reaction was extended to various aryl aldehydes and keto–enol tautomeric pairs (2‐hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone or dimedone), and the corresponding 2‐amino‐3‐cyano‐4H‐chromene and 2‐amino‐3‐cyano‐4H‐pyran products were obtained with excellent yield (82–99%) and at low reaction time (10–115 min). Significantly, the catalyst indicated magnetic, cost‐effective, and nontoxic properties, which result in having high recycling efficiency (5 cycles).
Recent advances in implantable hydrogels for treating heart failure
Authors: Wan Huining , Sun Chenwei , Zhang Jieyu , Hu Xuefeng , Wang Yunbing
Published: September 2022

Heart failure (HF) is an irreversible disease characterized by the reducing capacity of blood supply as a consequence of cardiomyocyte death and deteriorated fibrosis. There is a lack of effective treatment for heart failure other than a heart transplant, and thus significant resources have been dedicated to developing functional materials for cardiac tissue engineering. Implanting hydrogels in the myocardium near the myocardial infarction area can preserve cardiac function and slow the remodeling that leads to HF by providing mechanical support to the ventricular wall. Nevertheless, few reviews have been published for this promising HF treatment. Herein, we briefly discuss the classification and existing conventional treatments for HF and provide an overview of recent functional hydrogels designed for cardiac repair after myocardial infarction, including polymeric hydrogels, polymer‐cell complex hydrogels, polymer‐cytokine complex hydrogels, and polymer‐protein complex hydrogels. Key challenges and future directions for advanced hydrogels have also been discussed.
Synergistic flame retardant effect of aluminum hydroxide and ammonium polyphosphate on epoxy resin
Authors: Liu Yanlin , Tang Zhaobin , Zhu Jin
Published: September 2022

Epoxy resin is an attractive traditional thermoset that is widely used in a variety of applications. And its flammable problem has drawn an increasing number of researchers to solve it. As flame retardants, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and aluminum hydroxide (ATH) were mixed in the epoxy matrix to create composites with an interesting synergistic flame retardant effect, and its mechanism were thoroughly investigated. When 10 wt% APP and ATH were added at a mass ratio of 3/1, the peak of heat release rate and total heat release were reduced by 48% and 38%, with a LOI of 28.9% and a UL‐94 of V‐0 rating. During the combustion process, polyphosphoric acid formed by the decomposition of APP could catalyze matrix decomposition to form a charring barrier and react with alumina formed by the decomposition of ATH to produce extremely stable aluminum metaphosphate, which covered the surface of burning matrix and hampered further combustion.
A new chelid turtle, Prochelidella palomoi sp. nov., from campanian Anacleto Formation, Neuquén Basin, North‐Western Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: Maniel Ignacio J. , de la Fuente Marcelo S. , Filippi Leonardo F.
Published: September 2022

The new turtle remains were found in the Anacleto Formation (Campanian) exposed in the Aguada Grande site. This area is located 10 km from the south of the city of Rincón de Los Sauces, in the north of the province of Neuquén, Patagonia, Argentina. The specimen (MAU‐Pv‐AG‐452) consists of a partially preserved skull, carapace remains, an almost complete plastron, and a left ilium. The skull shows some features (a developed retropterygoid foramen, and a big muscle attachment area over the basisphenoid) that allow us to refer this specimen to the genus Prochelidella. The visceral view of the first costal bone exhibits deeper axillary buttresses that extend 2/3 of the costal width. This condition is also observed in the costal bone of Prochelidella buitreraensis from the Candeleros Formation (Cenomanian). The scute pattern observed in the anterior lobe of the plastron shows a large gular that extends along the entoplastra length, and small extragulars over the epiplastra. In contrast with the scute scheme observed in Prochelidella cerrobarcinae and Prochelidella portezuelae where the gular does not extend beyond the first 1/3 of the entoplastron. The phylogenetic analyses performed recovered this new species as a member of Prochelidella. The material recovered from the Anacleto Formation represents the first undoubtedly finding of Prochelidella in the late Cretaceous (Campanian) and the second skull recognized for the genus.
Does sternal body shape reflect family relationships? A study on a genealogically documented Central European osteological sample (19th–20th centuries)
Authors: Cvrček Jan , Kuběna Aleš Antonín , Jor Tomáš , Naňka Ondřej , Drtikolová Kaupová Sylva , Velemínský Petr
Published: September 2022

In forensic contexts, sternal anatomical varieties represent useful tools for the identification of an individual, either by comparison of ante‐mortem and post‐mortem data, or by potential comparison of data from biologically related individuals. Sternal body variation is also used to detect the biological affinity of individuals in bioarchaeology. However, no study has been made available to date on the degree to which the overall shape of the sternal body reflects the degree of biological relatedness. We, therefore, analyzed the sternal body shape of 10 individuals with known genealogical data, members of one family over three generations including inbred individuals (19th–20th centuries, Bohemia, Czech Republic), and a control sample of 12 biologically unrelated individuals. First, closely biologically related individuals were compared with unrelated individuals based on 10 variables expressing the morphological characteristics of the sternum, and then all individuals were compared based on Fourier analysis depending on their degree of relationship. The results showed that there is a greater degree of shape similarity in biologically related individuals than in unrelated individuals, and variability decreases with an increasing degree of relatedness. Inbred individuals showed the lowest sternum‐shape distances and degree of variability, while unrelated individuals, showed the highest distances and variability. Moreover, in some cases, the documented relationships were also supported by a similar morphology of the ossified and fused xiphoid process. Thus, sternal shape analysis expands the possibilities for individual identification and the detection of the biological affinity of individuals for both the forensic sciences and bioarchaeology.
Atmospheric heat source/sink response to the snow depth over the Tibetan plateau in melting season: A modeling study
Authors: Xiao Zhixiang , Wang Ziqian
Published: September 2022

Atmospheric heat source/sink (AHS) of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is strongly linked to the local snow depth. Based on the numerical simulations with Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, connections between snow depth and the AHS across the TP in melting season (May–August) are investigated. Compared with the derived AHS from reanalysis data, spatial patterns and monthly evolution of the AHS are reasonably reproduced by the WRF model. The AHS can be significantly reduced (~80 W m−2) by snow over both the western and southeastern TP in early May, which is mainly ascribed to the weakened surface sensible heat (SH) and atmospheric latent heat. Obvious cooling effect of snow on the AHS is still found over the western TP even in mid‐summer. However, the cooling strength in late summer has declined to one‐fifth that of May and it is totally dominated by the reduced surface SH. As to the southeastern TP, snow is thin and scattered since June, resulting that the AHS response to snow depth declines significantly and even vanishes in mid‐summer. It is further clarified that there is no elevation‐dependent relationship between the AHS and snow over the TP, while the cooling amplitudes of the AHS varied with altitude are mainly determined by the corresponding snow depth.
Dauerhafter Schutz vor Korrosion – Glasfaserverbundwerkstoff als Bewehrung von Bodenplatten in Tiefgaragen
Authors: Krämer Jonas , Weber André
Published: September 2022

Korrosionsschäden bei Parkdecks und Tiefgaragen sind für die Betreiber ein teures und unerfreuliches Dauerthema. Wenn in den Stahlbetonbauteilen Wasser und Luft durch Risse im Beton bis zum Bewehrungsstahl vordringen, beginnt dieser zu korrodieren. Die in fast jedem Parkbauwerk vorhandenen Chlorideinträge, bspw. durch Tausalz im Winter, verstärken und/oder initiieren die Korrosion. Am häufigsten sind Bodenplatten betroffen, da hier eine besonders hohe mechanische Beanspruchung besteht. Konventionell und präventiv werden solche Bauten durch instandhaltungsintensive Oberflächenbeschichtungen vor Korrosionsschäden geschützt. Als langlebige und wirtschaftliche Lösung bietet sich eine Bewehrung aus Glasfaserverbundwerkstoff an. Dieser ist hochfest, chemisch beständig und korrosionsresistent, wodurch hohe Instandhaltungskosten vermieden werden.
Victim reactions to being stalked: Examining the effects of perceived offender characteristics and motivations
Authors: Randa Ryan , Reyns Bradford W. , Fansher Ashley
Published: September 2022

The current research utilized the National Crime Victimization Survey Supplemental Victimization Survey to investigate stalking in the United States. These data, collected from stalking victims, address the relationship between victims' perceptions of the stalker's motives on two post‐victimization outcomes. Specifically, we examined the relationship between the victim's assessment of motive and the degree of harm they reported, along with exploring the relationship between harm and the likelihoods of engaging in self‐protective behaviors. Here, harm was measured through an index of specific fears, concerns, and emotional distresses. We found that the frequency of stalking behaviors, the duration of the stalking experience, and the overall invasiveness of the victimization, in addition to certain motives, were positively correlated with harm. Furthermore, we found that harm was positively correlated with a number of protective actions. For researchers, this work may serve to provide entry points in the development of new grounded theory. For practitioners in law enforcement, this work may provide insights into the invasive nature of stalking and the fear and harm caused to the victim.
Polymerization increasing the capacitive charge storage for better rate performance: A case study of electrodes in aqueous sodium‐ion capacitors
Authors: Gu Chengjun , Liu Zhihao , Gao Xiang , Zhang Qi , Zhang Zhanhui , Liu Zhitian , Wang Chengliang
Published: September 2022

Organic molecules and polymers have been widely used in aqueous sodium‐ion capacitors. However, the difference in the reaction kinetics of the electroactive polymer and its monomer has been overlooked. In this study, a comparative study of the sodium‐ion storage performance and the reaction kinetics is performed. The poly(perylene diimides) which is named EDP exhibits decreased crystallinity, smaller particle size with a rough surface, higher specific capacitance, lower reduction potential, better cycling stability, and rate performance, compared with its monomer 3,4,9,10‐perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride. The reaction kinetics study proves that the EDP shows faster sodium‐ion diffusion and more capacitive charge storage, which are responsible for the high‐rate capability.
Identification of a pyroptosis‐based model for predicting clinical outcomes from immunotherapy in patients with metastatic melanoma
Authors: Wu Guanghao , Chen Biying , Jiang Junjie , Chen Yiran , Chen Yanyan , Wang Haiyong
Published: September 2022

Immunotherapy has greatly improved outcomes for patients with advanced melanoma, but good predictive biomarkers remain lacking in clinical practice. Although increasing evidence has revealed a vital role of pyroptosis in the tumor microenvironment (TME), it remains unclear for pyroptosis as a predictive biomarker for immunotherapy in melanoma. RNA sequencing data and annotated clinical information of melanoma patients were obtained from four published immunotherapy datasets. LASSO regression analysis was conducted to develop a pyroptosis‐based model for quantifying a pyroptosis score in each tumor. Based on four clinical cohorts, we evaluated the predictive capability of the model using multiple immunotherapeutic outcomes, including clinical benefits, overall survival (OS), and progression‐free survival (PFS). Furthermore, we depicted the distinctive TME features associated with pyroptosis. Compared with the group with low pyroptosis scores, the group with high pyroptosis scores consistently achieved better durable clinical benefits in four independent cohorts and the meta‐cohort. ROC analysis validated that the pyroptosis‐based model was a reliable biomarker for predicting clinical benefits from immunotherapy in melanoma. Survival analyses showed that the group with high pyroptosis scores harbored more favorable OS and PFS than those with low pyroptosis scores. Molecular analysis revealed that tumors with high pyroptosis scores displayed a typical immune‐inflamed phenotype in TME, including enrichment of immunostimulatory pathways, increased level of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes, upregulation of immune effectors, and activation of the antitumor immune response. Our findings suggested that the pyroptosis‐related model associated with multiple immune‐inflamed characteristics might be a reliable tool for predicting clinical benefit and survival outcomes from immunotherapy in melanoma.
Duration of frontline therapy and impact on clinical outcomes in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients not receiving frontline stem cell transplant
Authors: Ailawadhi Sikander , Ogbonnaya Augustina , Murty Sharanya , Cherepanov Dasha , Schroader Bridgette Kanz , Romanus Dorothy , Farrelly Eileen , Chari Ajai
Published: September 2022

Background

Extended first‐line therapy (1LT) has improved clinical outcomes in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). This retrospective study of NDMM patients evaluated the relationship between dose‐attenuation of 1LT and duration of therapy (DOT) and DOT on outcomes.

Methods

Adults with NDMM not undergoing stem cell transplant (SCT) from January 1, 2012 toMarch 31, 2018 from the Integrated Oncology Network were included; 300 were randomly selected for chart review. 1LT DOT, time to next treatment (TTNT), progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were estimated using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Marginal structural models evaluated relationships between DOT and TTNT, PFS, and OS at 2 years accounting for confounders and survival bias from the time‐dependent nature of DOT.

Results

Of 300 chart‐reviewed patients, 93 were excluded for incomplete data or meeting exclusion criteria. Among 207 NDMM patients, median age was 74 years; 146 (70.5%) did not receive dose‐attenuation during 1LT. Patients with short DOT were older, frailer, with a higher comorbidity burden, and a significantly lower proportion had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group PS = 0. As DOT increased, more patients underwent dose‐attenuation (p < 0.0001). The median 1LT DOT was 20.9 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 13.9, 26.4) versus 4.2 months (95% CI: 3.2, 4.9) for patients receiving versus not receiving dose‐attenuation, respectively (p < 0.0001). After accounting for survival bias, confounder‐adjusted TTNT was prolonged with each additional month of 1LT (odds ratio [OR]: 0.76 [95% CI: 0.75, 0.78]); likelihoods of risks of disease progression (OR: 0.87 [95% CI: 0.86, 0.88]) and death at 2 years (OR: 0.72 [95% CI: 0.70, 0.74]) were reduced with each month of 1LT (p < 0.0001 for all outcomes).

Conclusions

Dose‐attenuated 1LT was associated with longer DOT among patients with non‐SCT NDMM. Each additional month of 1LT was associated with a reduced adjusted likelihood of disease progression and death at 2 years. Dose‐attenuation of 1LT can extend DOT; longer DOT may improve clinical outcomes.
Deep molecular response in patients with chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia treated with the plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 inhibitor TM5614 combined with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Authors: Takahashi Naoto , Kameoka Yoshihiro , Onizuka Makoto , Onishi Yasushi , Takahashi Fumiaki , Dan Takashi , Miyata Toshio , Ando Kiyoshi , Harigae Hideo
Published: September 2022

Background

We recently showed that pharmacological inhibition of plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) activity, based on TM5614, increases cell motility and induces the detachment of hematopoietic stem cells from their niches. In this TM5614 phase II clinical trial, we investigated whether the combination of a PAI‐1 inhibitor and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) would induce a deep molecular response (DMR) in patients affected by chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) by quantifying BCR‐ABL1 transcripts.

Methods

Patients with chronic phase CML treated with a stable daily dose of TKIs for at least 1 year and yielding a major molecular response (MMR) but not achieving MR4.5 were eligible for this study. After inclusion, patients began to receive TM5614 as well as a TKI. The primary objective was an evaluation of the cumulative incidence of patient progression from an MMR/MR4 to MR4.5 by 12 months.

Results

Thirty‐three patients were enrolled in the study. The median age was 59.0 years and 58% were male. No Sokal high‐risk patients were enrolled in this trial. The median TKI treatment duration was 4.8 years. At the start of this study, seven patients and 26 patients received imatinib and second‐generation TKIs, respectively. The cumulative MR4.5 incidence by 12 months was 33.3% (95% confidence interval, 18.0%–51.8%). The cumulative MR4.5 spontaneous conversion over 12 months was estimated as 8% with TKIs alone based on historical controls. The halving time of BCR‐ABL1 at 2 months was significantly shorter for patients who achieved an MR4.5, by 12 months than for the other patients (cutoff value: 48 days; sensitivity: 0.80; specificity: 0.91; ROC‐AUC: 0.83). During this study, bleeding events and abnormal coagulation related to the drug were not reported, and TM5614 was found to be highly safe.

Conclusion

TM5614 combined with TKI was well tolerated and induced MR4.5 in more patients than stand‐alone TKI treatment.
Retrospective evaluation of the role of gemcitabine‐docetaxel in well‐differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcoma
Authors: Thirasastr Prapassorn , Lin Heather , Amini Behrang , Wang Wei‐Lien , Cloutier Jeffrey M. , Nassif Elise F. , Keung Emily Z. , Roland Christina L. , Feig Barry , Araujo Dejka , Benjamin Robert S. , Conley Anthony P. , Livingston John A. , Ludwig Joseph , Patel Shreyaskumar , Ratan Ravin , Ravi Vinod , Zarzour Maria Alejandra , Zhou Xiao , Somaiah Neeta
Published: September 2022

Objective

Well‐differentiated (WDLPS) and dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) account for the majority of liposarcomas. Although gemcitabine‐docetaxel is used as second‐line treatment in soft tissue sarcomas, its efficacy in WDLPS/DDLPS is not established. This study retrospectively analyzed the efficacy of gemcitabine regimens in WDLPS/DDLPS.

Methods

All patients with WDLPS or DDLPS who received gemcitabine‐based chemotherapy at our institution between September 2002 and January 2021 were included. Response was evaluated by an independent radiologist using RECIST 1.1. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate distributions of survival outcomes and log‐rank tests were used to compare survival outcomes between subgroups.

Results

Sixty‐five WDLPS/DDLPS patients were included. Seven patients (10.8%) received a gemcitabine‐based regimen more than once, totaling 72 treatments. The median age at the start of treatment was 66 years (range 32–80 years). Sixty‐five (90.3%) regimens were gemcitabine‐docetaxel, and 7 (9.7%) were gemcitabine alone. Majorities of treatments were for disease that was recurrent/metastatic (86.1%), was abdominal/retroperitoneal (83.3%), and had DDLPS components (88.9%), while 25.0% of treatments were for multifocal disease. The overall response rate was 9.7% (7/72). All responses were in patients with documented DDLPS. The median time to progression was 9.2 months (95% CI 5.3–12.3 months). The median overall survival from the start of therapy was 18.8 months (95% CI 13.1–32.4 months).

Conclusion

Gemcitabine‐docetaxel is an efficacious second‐line treatment for DDLPS. Though cross study comparisons are not advisable, response to gemcitabine‐docetaxel compares favorably to current standard options trabectedin and eribulin. This combination is a valid comparator arm for future second‐line trials in DDLPS.
A Computational Insight on the Inhibitory Potential of 8‐Hydroxydihydrosanguinarine (8‐HDS), a Pyridone Containing Analog of Sanguinarine, against SARS CoV2**
Authors: Jena Atala Bihari , Kanungo Namrata , Chainy Gagan Bihari Nityananda , Devaraji Vinod , Das Sudipta Kumar , Dandapat Jagneshwar
Published: September 2022

The unprecedented global pandemic of COVID‐19 has created a daunting scenario urging an immediate generation of therapeutic strategy. Interventions to curb the spread of viral infection primarily include setting targets against the virus. Here in this study we target S protein to obstruct the viral attachment and entry and also the M pro to prevent the viral replication. For this purpose, the interaction of S protein and M pro with phytocompounds, sanguinarine and eugenol, and their derivatives were studied using computational tools. Docking studies gave evidence that 8‐hydroxydihydrosanguinarine (8‐HDS), a derivative of sanguinarine, showed maximum binding affinity with both the targets. The binding energies of the ligand with S protein and M pro scored to be ΔGb −9.4 Kcal/mol and ΔGb −10.3 Kcal/mol, respectively. MD simulation studies depict that the phytocompound could effectively cause structural perturbations in the targets which would affect their functions. 8‐Hydroxydihydrosanguinarine distorts the α‐helix in the secondary structure of M pro and RBD site of S protein. Protein‐protein interaction study in presence of 8‐hydroxydihydrosanguinarine also corroborate the above findings which indicate that this polyphenol interferes in the coupling of S protein and ACE2. The alterations in protonation of M pro suggest that the protein structure undergoes significant structural changes at neutral pH. ADME property of 8‐hydroxydihydrosanguinarine indicates this could be a potential drug. This makes the phyto‐alkaloid a possible therapeutic molecule for anti COVID‐19 drug design.
49,XXXXY syndrome: A case study and a systematic review of clinical features among the Iranian population
Authors: Rajabzadeh Mahboubeh , Taheri Nafiseh , Jazayeri Omid
Published: September 2022

The present study describes the clinical, biochemical, hormonal, and developmental characteristics of a patient affected 49,XXXXY syndrome with routine Fraccaro syndrome features accompanied by sexual masturbation behavior. This study summarized the clinical features and also maternal age on birth time of so far 49,XXXXY reported patients among the Iranian population.
Electrochemical Capacitor Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide/NiS2 Composite
Authors: Kachmar Andrii , Tobis Maciej , Frąckowiak Elżbieta
Published: September 2022

The use of a pyrite‐like structure transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) such as NiS2 is not reported as frequently as layered structured TMDs in electrochemical capacitors. Our study shows a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) preparation and its further use as a substrate for the deposition of NiS2 during the hydrothermal reaction. The influence of pH for the GO solution on the structural and textural properties of the resultant rGO was explained in detail by using Raman spectroscopy, UV, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nitrogen sorption at 77 K. The electrochemical response of the rGO samples obtained from various pH solutions was studied and compared in symmetric two electrode Swagelok® cells. As a result, rGO pH 12 was chosen for further modification with NiS2. The average size of the crystallites, and electronic structure of the rGO/NiS2 composite have been determined. The effect of the NiS2 content in the composite on the electrochemical results was further investigated. It occurred that 5 wt % NiS2 in the composite was sufficient for a significant improvement of the capacitive response. Interestingly, an asymmetric cell with rGO/5 wt % NiS2 working as a positive electrode and rGO pH 12 as a negative electrode was able to reach a high capacitance of 165 F g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 with 92 % coulombic and 79 % energetic efficiency.
A Study of Cu‐Rh Electrodeposition**
Authors: Anastasiadou Dimitra , Janssen Jasmijn T. D. , Hensen Emiel J. M. , Figueiredo Marta Costa
Published: September 2022

This manuscript reports the simultaneous electrodeposition of Cu and Rh from an aqueous nitrate solution. The early stages of nucleation and growth of the bimetallic layer were explored using techniques such as cyclic voltammetry and current transients. Non‐dimensional Scharifker‐Hills graphs showed the occurrence of diffusion‐controlled three‐dimensional nucleation and growth best described by the Volmer‐Weber mechanism. Additionally, different ratios of Cu−Rh electrodes were synthesized by varying the potential of deposition and the Rh content in the deposition bath. Characterization techniques including electron microscopy, x‐ray diffraction, and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy were employed to investigate the chemical composition and structure of the deposits. The results showed a higher amount of Cu2+species in the layer than Cu+/Cu0when a more negative potential was applied, and when Rh was present in high amounts in the deposition bath. The final morphology of the obtained material proved to be dependent on the deposition potentials and the Cu : Rh content, showing interdependency between the metals.
Metal Nodes of Metal‐Organic Frameworks can Activate Molecular Hydrogen
Authors: Melillo Arianna , Franconetti Antonio , Alvaro Mercedes , Ferrer Belen , Garcia Hermenegildo
Published: September 2022

Hydrogenation of multiple bonds are among the most general and important organic reactions. Typical heterogeneous catalysts are based on transition metal nanoparticles, including noble metals. Data are presented here showing that metal nodes of MIL‐101(Cr) and UiO‐66 in the absence of occluded metal nanoparticles can promote hydrogenation of polarized X=Y double bonds of nitro and carbonyl groups. The catalytic activity is a function of the composition of the metal node and the organic linker. It is proposed that the reaction mechanism is based on the operation of frustrated Lewis acid/base pairs.