bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaption of Maximal Glycolysis Rate after Resistance Exercise with
Different Volume Load
Authors: Nitzsche Nico , Lenz Julian Christian , Voronoi Pjotr , Schulz Henry
Published: April 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of six-weeks of
resistance training with different volume load on the maximum glycolysis
rate. 24 male strength-trained volunteers were assigned in a high volume low
load (50% of their 1RM with 5 sets and reps up to muscle failure)
and a low volume high load (70% of their 1RM with 5 sets of ten
reps) resistance exercise group. The resistance training performed 3 days
per week over 6 weeks. The maximum glycolysis rate was determined using
isokinetic force testing before and after the intervention. There was a
significant increase in glycolysis rate over the training period across all
subjects (p=0.032). High volume low load exercise increased
significantly from 0.271±0.067
mmol·l−1·s−1 to
0.298±0.067
mmol·l−1·s−1
(p=0.022) and low volume high load exercise showed no significant
changes from 0.249±0.122
mmol·l−1·s−1 to
0.291±0.089
mmol·l−1·s−1
(p=0.233). No significant effect on glycolysis rate was observed
between the training groups (p=0.650). Resistance training increases
glycolysis rate regardless of volume load.
Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for dysphagia and esophageal motor disorder after antireflux fundoplication
Authors: Gonzalez Jean-Michel , Monino Laurent , Ah-Soune Philippe , Vitton Véronique , Barthet Marc
Published: April 2020

Introduction Laparoscopic fundoplication is the treatment of severe and refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It induces dysphagia in 5 % – 10 % owing to a tight valve ± esophageal motility disorders (EMD), with challenging management. We assessed the first case series assessing peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) in such a situation.

Methods A retrospective case series including eight patients with severe dysphagia after laparoscopic fundoplication who were treated by POEM. They were assessed clinically by Eckardt and Mellow – Pinkas dysphagia scores, and by high resolution manometry (HRM). The procedure was a regular esophageal POEM, mainly posterior, including a myotomy of the wrap. The objectives were to evaluate the clinical efficacy, technical difficulties, and complications of this approach.

Results HRM showed aperistalsis in 6 /8 patients and raised lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure in 5 /8. The median preoperative Eckardt and dysphagia scores were 5 and 3.5, respectively. The procedure was completed in 7 /8 patients, with a clinical efficacy rate (normalization of both scores) of 75 % (6 /8). Although the submucosa seemed more fibrotic and vascularized, no severe complications occurred.

Conclusion POEM is a newly described therapeutic option to consider for managing dysphagia due to EMD after laparoscopic fundoplication.
Die aktive Butanol-Wahrnehmungsschwelle bleibt bei körperlicher Belastung gleich
Authors: Gudziol Hilmar , Winkler Magdalena , Guntinas-Lichius Orlando , Seeber Hermann , Bitter Thomas
Published: April 2020

Zusamenfassung

Hintergrund Die aktive Butanol-Wahrnehmungsschwelle (B-WS), ermittelt mithilfe der Sniffin’ Sticks, zeigt eine hohe intra- und interindividuelle Test-Retest-Reliabilität, obwohl die interne Reizkonzentration erheblich variieren kann, abhängig von der Verdünnung der externen Reizkonzentration mit geruchloser Umgebungsluft beim aktiven Schnüffeln. Es gibt für dieses überraschende Ergebnis verschiedene Hypothesen. In dieser Studie soll überprüft werden, ob eine größere Atemanstrengung bei körperlicher Belastung die aktive B-WS verändert.

Methodik Auf einem Fahrradergometer wurden bei 28 jungen, gesunden, normosmischen Erwachsenen in Ruhe, während aerober Belastung und in der Erholungsphase die monorhinalen B-WS standardmäßig mit dem Schwellentest ermittelt. Verschiedene Vitalparameter wie Blutdruck, Herzfrequenz, Körpertemperatur, Atemfrequenz und Blutlaktat charakterisierten die 3 Testphasen. Das individuelle Belastungsempfinden wurde entsprechend der Borg-Skala eingeschätzt.

Ergebnisse Die B-WS änderten sich in den 3 Testphasen nicht. Alle untersuchten Vitalparameter hatten in der Belastungsphase signifikant größere Werte als in der Ruhephase. Bei einem mittleren bis schweren Belastungsempfinden (Borg-Skala: 13–15) ließ sich anhand der Vitalparameter eine aerobe körperliche Belastung belegen.

Schlussfolgerungen Die Untersuchungen unterstützen die These, dass nicht die Atemanstrengung (Vigor) den entscheidenden Faktor für eine konstante olfaktorische Perzeption gleicher externer Reizkonzentrationen darstellt. Vermutlich spielen die Integration von interner Reizkonzentration und nasaler Flussgeschwindigkeit sowie die erfahrungsmäßige Bewertung der aktuellen Reizkonzentration eine größere Rolle.
Covid-19 in Flüchtlingsunterkünften: ÖGD
jetzt weiter stärken
Authors: Razum Oliver , Penning Verena , Mohsenpour Amir , Bozorgmehr Kayvan
Published: April 2020

Die Covid-19-Pandemie stellt für das Management von
Sammelunterkünften für Geflüchtete eine große
Herausforderung dar. Social Distancing und Hygienemaßnahmen sind
aufgrund der oft dichten Belegung nur unzureichend umsetzbar. Eine
adäquate Informationspolitik sowie ein rasches, effizientes Management
von vermuteten sowie bestätigten Fällen von Covid-19 sind
essenziell. Eine Evidenzbasis für Maßnahmen fehlt aber
weitgehend. Neben teilweise bereits umgesetzten Lösungen wie
Isolationsbereiche oder Clusterquarantäne sollten auch Pläne zur
Evakuierung dicht belegter Unterkünfte erwogen werden. Dem
Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienst (ÖGD) kommt im Rahmen der
Covid-19-Pandemie eine zentrale Rolle zu. Um einerseits Routineaufgaben des
Infektionsschutzes wahrnehmen zu können, andererseits ein effizientes
gesundheitliches Management von Flüchtlingsunterkünften zu
unterstützen, sollte der ÖGD dringend personell wie materiell
gestärkt werden. Wege für einen schnellen, Bundesländer
übergreifenden Austausch von Best-Practice-Beispielen zu
Covid-19-Maßnahmen, sowie Kapazitäten und kollaborative
Strukturen innerhalb des ÖGD für operative Begleitforschung
wären wichtig. Geflüchtete, ihre Unterbringungssituation sowie
ihr Zugang zur Gesundheitsversorgung sollten adäquat in die
Pandemieplanung einbezogen werden. Nur ein integratives Gesundheitssystem kann
regionale und internationale Zielstellungen zur Kontrolle von Covid-19 und
anderen Infektionskrankheiten erreichen.
Ocular Ischemic Syndrome: The Red Eye Revisited
Authors: Narayanan Sathya , Keshava Shyamkumar N. , Moses Vinu , Padmanabhan Aswin , Premkumar Prabhu
Published: April 2020

Ocular ischemic syndrome (OIS) is a vision-threatening condition due to inadequate arterial supply to the orbital contents. OIS is commonly described secondary to severe carotid artery stenosis and most often observed by ophthalmologists. However, OIS may rarely also result in an interventional radiology setup during balloon test occlusion (BTO) of the internal carotid artery. BTO is a procedure to assess for the adequacy of the circle of Willis to compensate for a permanent parent arterial sacrifice by temporarily occluding the flow in the internal carotid artery using a balloon. Here, we present a case of OIS in a patient who underwent BOT as a part of presurgical evaluation for the excision of carotid body tumor.
Calidad ósea en poblaciones contemporáneas. Análisis de la estructura trabecular calcánea en una muestra esqueletal
Authors: Plischuk Marcos , Garizoain Gonzalo , Salceda Susana
Published: April 2020

Objetivo La osteoporosis es una condición de relevancia a nivel epidemiológico en Argentina, así como en el resto del mundo. Si bien actualmente la herramienta diagnóstica más relevante es la densitometría ósea, los análisis radiológicos pueden aportar información, principalmente en lo referente a la calidad ósea. En ese sentido, nos proponemos evaluar la estructura trabecular calcánea de una población local.

Métodos El material para dicho estudio consistió en 91 calcáneos de esqueletos pertenecientes a una muestra esqueletal. Fueron analizados individuos adultos, de ambos sexos, mediante imágenes radiográficas, a fin de clasificar su estructura trabecular de acuerdo al índice propuesto por Jhamaria y col., en una escala de V (normal) a I (osteoporosis severa).

Resultados Las prevalencias estimadas fueron de 23,1% de osteoporosis (fases I y II), 16,5% de borderline (fase III) y 48,4% se clasificó como estructura trabecular normal (fases IV y V). En relación a la edad de los individuos, se encontró una correlación significativa negativa entre ella y la pérdida trabecular (tau-b = -0,524, p = 0,00). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en cuanto a la afección dimórfica de la patología.

Discusión La relación entre envejecimiento y osteoporosis hallada es coincidente con estudios nacionales e internacionales que reconocen una disminución en la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) y una mala calidad ósea en individuos adultos mayores. La ausencia de afección dimórfica podría deberse a la edad promedio de la muestra, sumada a la posible resistencia de la estructura esponjosa del calcáneo a los cambios generados por el déficit estrogénico en las mujeres, característica de la osteoporosis tipo I.

Conclusión Creemos que es necesario revalorizar el análisis óseo por medio de radiografías, puesto que pueden ser de utilidad tanto en la clínica como en la investigación básica, debido a la mayor disponibilidad de equipos y a que posibilitan el análisis de otras propiedades del tejido óseo.
Redo Mitral Valve Replacement using a St. Jude Medical Mechanical Prosthesis in a Patient with Thrombosed Mitral Prosthesis: A Video Presentation
Authors: Chowdhury Ujjwal K. , George Niwin , Kapoor Poonam Malhotra , Singh Sukhjeet , Sankhyan Lakshmi Kumari , Chauhan Abhinavsingh , Malik Vishwas , Gharde Parag
Published: April 2020

We performed explantation of a chronically thrombosed St. Jude Medical mechanical mitral prosthesis with failed thrombolysis and re-replacement of the mitral valve using another St. Jude Medical mechanical mitral prosthesis. The technical details of explantation and re-implantation without causing injury to the cardiac chambers, great vessels, and atrioventricular groove and the importance of elective femoro-femoral bypass prior to sternotomy has been described.
Analysis of Factors Associated with Temporal Hollowing after Pterional Craniotomy
Authors: Thiensri Thanakorn , limpoka Akaluk , Burusapat Chairat
Published: April 2020

Background Temporal hollowing is a common complication after pterional craniotomy. Etiologies of hollowing are still in debate and inconclusive. The objective of this study is to determine the etiology and predictive factors of temporal hollowing after pterional craniotomy.

Methods A retrospective study of patients who underwent pterional craniotomy was conducted. Inclusion criteria included older than 18 years, having undergone unilateral pterional craniotomy, and with no craniofacial anomaly or temporal defect. Volumes of bone, temporalis muscle, and extratemporalis layer were calculated.

Results A total of 51 patients were included. Bone volumes of surgical and nonsurgical sites were 219.12 + 23.02 cm﻿﻿3, and 228.39 + 22.76 cm﻿﻿3, respectively (p = 0.04). Difference of bony volume was 9.10 cm﻿﻿3 (3.99%). Volumes of temporalis muscle in surgical and nonsurgical sites were 12.86 + 3.95 cm﻿﻿3, and 18.10 + 6.08 cm﻿﻿3, respectively (p < 0.005). Difference of muscle volume was 5.08 cm﻿﻿3 (28.32%). Volume of extratemporalis soft tissue in surgical and nonsurgical sites were 11.99 + 5.70 cm﻿﻿3, and 17.31 + 7.76 cm3, respectively (p < 0.005). Difference of soft tissue volume was 5.56 cm﻿﻿3 (31.68%). No statistical significance of the difference of bony, muscle, and soft tissue volumes were found between causes of disease, operative time, and postoperative radiation.

Conclusions Hollowing after pterional craniotomy is an unavoidable result. Bone, temporalis muscle, and soft tissues are combined etiologies. No predictive factors including age, sex, causes, operative time, radiation, and surgical technique are demonstrated. Volume of temporal area reduction was 19.74 cm﻿﻿3. Immediate reconstruction is recommended and volume of reconstruction is calculated from preoperative imaging.
Considerations from the Epicenter of the Coronavirus Emergency
Authors: Sozzi Fabiola B. , Gupta Rakesh , Canetta Ciro , Blasi Francesco
Published: April 2020

Since February 21, 2020, Lombardy region in northern Italy has experienced an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This region, mainly a flat land with the highest density of population and industry of the country, has become the single deadliest hotspot for the coronavirus on the planet so far. More than 10,000 people have died here, with the national total across the country poised to top 18,000. The World Health Organization (WHO) first declared the Covid-19 respiratory illness unknown before the outbreak reported in Wuhan, China, last December. On January 30, 2020, the WHO denounced the Covid-19 outbreak a global health emergency. Some scientists declared the virus began circulating in Italy at least a month prior to the first case of infection recorded in February.
Kommentar: Schutzkleidung: Wie lange reichen die Bestände?
Authors: Wichels Reinhard
Published: April 2020

Die letzte Lieferung enthielt 70 Stück. Bestellt waren 7 000. Mit 70 Masken kommen 250 Mitarbeiter noch nicht mal durch eine Schicht. Und die begehrten FFP-Masken für alle an der Front waren gar nicht dabei. Dazu kamen noch 30 Schutzanzüge an, allerdings alle in der Größe XS und daher nur für einen kleinen Teil der Belegschaft nutzbar.
Neuerungen bewerten: Produktinnovationen erfolgreich einsetzen
Authors: Hovorak Philipp
Published: April 2020

Produktinnovationen sollten ein Spiegelbild der sich ständig verändernden medizinischen Anforderungen sein. Inwiefern orientieren sich Innovationen tatsächlich an diesen Ansprüchen? Und können Kliniken diese auch wirtschaftlich erfolgreich einsetzen? Dies lässt sich mit Methodik bewerten.
Umzugslogistik: Planung und Umzug am UKSH ins Klinikum der Zukunft
Authors: Hasenbein Nicole
Published: April 2020

„Wir schaffen das“, lautete das Motto auf dem Weg in die Neubauten des Universitätsklinikums Schleswig Holstein (UKSH), an seinen zwei Standorten Lübeck und Kiel. Willensstärke, Zusammenhalt und Ausdauer prägten fast vier Jahre Bauzeit und mündeten in vier Tagen erfolgreichem Um- und Einzug während des laufenden Klinikbetriebs. Gemeinsam wurden im Jahr 2019 rund 129 000 Quadratmeter Klinikneubau bezogen.
Neutralization of ion beam by electron injection: Accumulation of cold electrons
Authors: Lan C. , Kaganovich I. D.
Published: April 2020

Ion beam charge neutralization by electron injection is a complex kinetic process. Recent experiments show that the resulting self-potential of the ion beam after neutralization by plasma is much lower than the temperature of plasma electrons [Stepanov et al., Phys. Plasmas 23, 043113 (2016)], indicating that kinetic effects are important and may affect the neutralization of the ion beam. We performed a numerical study of the charge neutralization process of an ion beam making use of a two-dimensional electrostatic particle-in-cell code. The results show that the process of charge neutralization by electron injection is composed of two stages. During the first stage, the self-potential of the beam is higher than the temperature of injected electrons (Te/e) and all injected electrons are captured by the ion beam. During the second stage, hot electrons escape from the ion beam and the beam self-potential (φ) decreases because cold electrons slowly accumulate resulting in the beam self-potential φ to become much lower than Te/e in agreement with previous experimental observations at Princeton Advanced Teststand. We also determined that the resulting φ scales as φ∼Te, in agreement with previous experimental observations from Gabovich's group. In addition, the results show that the transverse position of the electron source has a great impact on ion beam neutralization. A slight shift of the electron source as relevant to the ion thrusters leads to a large increase in the beam self-potential because of an increase in potential energy of injected electrons.
Low-power all-optical tunable sharp trapped-mode resonances in asymmetrical planar WS2 exciton-polariton gratings
Authors: Chai Zhen , Hu Xiaoyong , Yang Hong , Gong Qihuang
Published: April 2020

Exciton polaritons, quasiparticles that strongly integrate transition metal dichalcogenides with large exciton binding energies and optical fields, exhibit unique properties due to their strong excitonic nonlinearity. However, intrinsic absorption losses pose a fundamental obstacle to all-optical tunability in exciton-polaritons due to the relatively broad resonance spectra. Therefore, it is necessary to determine structural configurations based on transition metal dichalcogenides to enhance the field distribution. Herein, the experimental details of a narrow trapped-mode based on asymmetric WS2 localized exciton-polaritons dual gratings are presented. The transmission value at the trapped mode wavelength can be tuned from 0.844 to 0.53 for an excitation power of 14.93 MWcm−2 with a pump wavelength of 366 nm. This is attributed to the narrow trapped-mode resonance and strong field enhancement in the asymmetric gratings. A relaxation time of approximately 35 ps is obtained, which is determined by the exciton lifetime of the WS2 flake. This work provides a foundation for the application of exciton-polaritons in all-optical devices.
Surface-passivated high-Q GaAs photonic crystal nanocavity with quantum dots
Authors: Kuruma Kazuhiro , Ota Yasutomo , Kakuda Masahiro , Iwamoto Satoshi , Arakawa Yasuhiko
Published: April 2020

Photonic crystal (PhC) nanocavities with high quality (Q) factors have attracted much attention because of their strong spatial and temporal light confinement capability. The resulting enhanced light–matter interactions are beneficial for diverse photonic applications, ranging from on-chip optical communications to sensing. However, currently achievable Q factors for active PhC nanocavities, which embed active emitters inside, are much lower than those of the passive structures because of large optical loss, presumably originating from light scattering by structural imperfections and/or optical absorptions. Here, we demonstrate a significant improvement of Q factors up to ∼160 000 in GaAs active PhC nanocavities using a sulfur-based surface passivation technique. This value is the highest ever reported for any active PhC nanocavities with semiconductor quantum dots. The surface-passivated cavities also exhibit reduced variation in both Q factors and cavity resonant wavelengths. We find that the improvement in the cavity performance presumably arises from suppressed light absorption at the surface of the PhC’s host material by performing a set of PL measurements in spectral and time domains. With the surface passivation technique, we also demonstrate a strongly coupled single quantum dot-cavity system based on a PhC nanocavity with a high Q factor of ∼100 000. These results will pave the way for advanced quantum dot-based cavity quantum electrodynamics and GaAs micro/nanophotonic applications containing active emitters.
Structural phase boundary helps explain property differences between piezoelectric ceramics
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: April 2020

Analyses ranging from dynamic mechanical analysis to x-ray diffraction look to characterize differences between bismuth-sodium-titanate and lead-zirconate-titanate.
X-ray and neutron scattering measurements of ordering in a Cu46Zr54 liquid
Authors: Dai R. , Neuefeind J. C. , Quirinale D. G. , Kelton K. F.
Published: April 2020

The structural evolution of the equilibrium and supercooled Cu46Zr54 liquids was investigated with a combination of elastic neutron scattering (with isotopic substitution) and synchrotron x-ray scattering studies. The partial pair correlation functions were determined over a wide temperature range (∼270 °C). These show that the Cu–Cu and Zr–Zr ordering increases as the temperature decreases, while the Cu–Zr ordering decreases. This surprising result is in contradiction with the results from molecular dynamics studies.
A novel magnetic dipole inversion method based on tensor geometric invariants
Authors: Zhi Huiqiang , Ma Tiehua , Pei Dongxing , Sun Hexuan
Published: April 2020

Currently, when the existing magnetic dipole inversion methods are used, the classification process heavily relies on the localization results, and the localization error can significantly deteriorate the classification results. In order to address this problem, the present study proposes a novel magnetic dipole inversion method based on tensor geometric invariants, in which localization and classification processes are mutually independent. First, based on tensor geometric invariants, it was proved that the cross product between the intermediate eigenvectors at any two measurement points in the dipole magnetic field is either in the same direction as the magnetic moment vector or in the opposite direction. Accordingly, the direction of the magnetic moment vector could be directly obtained. Next, based on tensor geometric invariants, nonlinear equations including the position parameters of the dipole were constructed so as to derive the position of the dipole. By employing the proposed method, localization and classification were found to be two mutually independent processes, both of which are relatively insensitive to attitude changes of the measurement system. The present simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method is superior to the scalar triangulation and ranging (STAR) method, the Nara improved method, and the STAR improved method in both classification and localization performance. Moreover, the proposed method exhibits the strongest noise immunity and can be effectively used for real-time inversion.
Two dimensional liquid flow focusing
Authors: Wang Z. , Zhai T. , Liu H. , Huan Y. , Deng W.
Published: April 2020

Flow focusing of liquid in a gaseous medium is typically axisymmetric, and it is based on a round capillary positioned on top of a circular aperture, which restricts the gaseous flow from forming a pressure drop that accelerates the liquid into a fine jet. We report an experimental study on the two dimensional flow focusing enabled by a wedge over a slit that provides similar gas flow restriction. As the wedge-to-slit distance is gradually reduced, the liquid dripping transforms into a single continuous jet that then splits into two, three, and more approximately equally-spaced jets. Below a critical wedge-to-slit separation, the liquid undergoes random atomization. The complete set of phenomena is rationalized by the dispersion relation that suggests that the jet spacing is inversely proportional to the square root of the local pressure gradient of the gas flow field. Typical experiments in the incompressible gaseous flow regime can achieve the jet spacing as short as ∼100 µm at the pressure gradient maxima.
Potential of walnut (Juglans regia) leave ethanolic extract to modify ruminal fermentation, microbial populations and mitigate methane emission
Authors: Ala M. Sahebi , Pirmohammadi R. , Khalilvandi-Behroozyar H. , Anassori E.
Published: April 2020

Series of in vitro trials were conducted to evaluate dose–response effects of walnut leaf ethanolic extract (WLEE) on ruminal fermentation, microbial populations, mitigation of methane emission and acidosis prevention. The treatments were conducted according to a 5 × 3 factorial arrangement in a completely randomised design formulated to contain corn (corn-based diet, CBD) and barley grain (barley-based diet, BBD), or equal amounts of barley and corn (barley and corn diet, BCD), consisting of either basal diets alone (0) or basal diets with 250, 500, 750 or 1000 µL of WLEE (W0, W250, W500, W750 and W1000 respectively) per litre of buffered rumen fluid. Three fistulated cows fed diets containing alfalfa hay and concentrate mixes (same as the control diet) plus minerals and vitamins were used for collection of ruminal fluid. The asymptote of gas production and methane emission was decreased and lag time increased in a linear and quadratic manner with an increasing dose of WLEE (P < 0.001). However, gas production rate reduced linearly as WLEE dose increased (P < 0.001). Methane production was significantly reduced linearly (L) and quadratically (Q) when walnut ethanolic extract was increased from 250 to 1000 μL/L (L and Q; P < 0.001). The addition of WLEE significantly altered the volatile fatty acid profile in comparison to control, reducing the molar proportion of acetate and increasing that of propionate (P < 0.001), and also decreased the ammonia-N concentration (L, P < 0.001). Dry-matter and organic-matter in vitro digestibility coefficients were negatively affected by WLEE supplementation (L and Q; P < 0.001). Although anti-acidosis potential of WLEE was significantly lower than that of monensin, W1000 increased medium culture pH compared with uncontrolled acidosis and the lower doses of WLEE. The populations of Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and R. albus were significantly reduced by WLEE, although to different magnitudes, depending on the corn and barley grain proportions in the diet. Results of the present study indicated that increasing addition levels of WLEE have noticeable effects on rumen microbial population and fermentation characteristics. It can be concluded that WLEE can potentially be used to manipulate ruminal fermentation patterns.
Social and logistical challenges in managing invasive predators: insights from islands in Japan and New Zealand
Authors: Glen Alistair S. , Hoshino Kazuaki
Published: April 2020

Managing the impacts of invasive predators on islands is a priority for conserving global biodiversity. However, large islands and islands with substantial human settlement present particular challenges that can be broadly categorised as social and logistical. Around the world, managers concerned with island biodiversity are tackling increasingly ambitious projects, and some examples from Japan and New Zealand have been at the forefront. We used dialogues with managers, researchers, and community members, as well as our respective experience as wildlife researchers in Japan and New Zealand, to compare the challenges faced by wildlife managers in each country. We note similarities and differences between the two countries, and identify lessons from each that will help advance invasive species management on islands globally. Our observations from Japan and New Zealand show that considerable progress has been made in managing invasive predators on large, inhabited islands. Further progress will require more effective engagement with island residents to promote the goals of invasive species management, to find common ground, and to ensure that management is socially and culturally acceptable.
Matrix mechanotransduction mediated by thrombospondin-1/integrin/YAP in the vascular remodeling
Authors: Yamashiro Yoshito , Thang Bui Quoc , Ramirez Karina , Shin Seung Jae , Kohata Tomohiro , Ohata Shigeaki , Nguyen Tram Anh Vu , Ohtsuki Sumio , Nagayama Kazuaki , Yanagisawa Hiromi
Published: April 2020

The extracellular matrix (ECM) initiates mechanical cues that activate intracellular signaling through matrix–cell interactions. In blood vessels, additional mechanical cues derived from the pulsatile blood flow and pressure play a pivotal role in homeostasis and disease development. Currently, the nature of the cues from the ECM and their interaction with the mechanical microenvironment in large blood vessels to maintain the integrity of the vessel wall are not fully understood. Here, we identified the matricellular protein thrombospondin-1 (Thbs1) as an extracellular mediator of matrix mechanotransduction that acts via integrin αvβ1 to establish focal adhesions and promotes nuclear shuttling of Yes-associated protein (YAP) in response to high strain of cyclic stretch. Thbs1-mediated YAP activation depends on the small GTPase Rap2 and Hippo pathway and is not influenced by alteration of actin fibers. Deletion of
Thbs1
in mice inhibited Thbs1/integrin β1/YAP signaling, leading to maladaptive remodeling of the aorta in response to pressure overload and inhibition of neointima formation upon carotid artery ligation, exerting context-dependent effects on the vessel wall. We thus propose a mechanism of matrix mechanotransduction centered on Thbs1, connecting mechanical stimuli to YAP signaling during vascular remodeling in vivo.
Study of the puzzling abundance pattern of the neutron-capture elements in LMC star J053253.51-695915.1
Authors: Han Wan-Qiang , Zhang Lu , Yang Guo-Chao , Cui Wen-Yuan , Wen Fang , Zhang Bo
Published: April 2020

Object J053253.51–695915.1 (J053253) in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is reported as a young stellar object (YSO). Its chemical abundances reflect the initial composition of the gas cloud in which the star formed. However, the discovery that this star shows the enhancement of the neutron(n)-capture elements and the higher ratio of the heavier n-capture elements relative to the lighter n-capture elements is puzzling. Using an abundance decomposed method, we explore the astrophysical origins of the n-capture elements in this star. We find that the abundance characteristic of the higher ratio of the heavier n-capture elements to the lighter n-capture elements can be explained by the pollution of the r-process event and the contamination of the s-process material.
Analysis of Aluminium Basalt Particulate Composite Using Stirring Casting Method Through Taguchi Method Approach
Authors: Hendronursito Yusup , Rajagukguk Tumpal Ojahan , Safii Rizal Nur , Sofii Achmad , Isnugroho Kusno , Birawidha David Candra , Amin Muhammad , Muttaqii Muhammad Al
Published: April 2020

Aluminium matrix composites (AMCs) becomes a choice for automotive and aerospace industries due to its tenable mechanical properties such as high hardness and good strength to weight ratio. Reinforcement like particulate alumina, silicon carbide, graphite, fly ash, etc can easily be incorporated in the melt using cheap and widely available stirring casting method. This research investigates the optimum hardness of AMCs containing basalt powder as reinforcement by setting varying parameter. The design of experiments (DOE) approach using Taguchi method orthogonal arrays L9 (33) factors 3 runs 9, was employed to predict the hardness of material casting with variable parameters such as matrix composition, stirring time, and particle size (mesh) of basalt. ANOVA and S/N ratio for determining optimum hardness (HRb) material and P-value confirms most significant parameter that affects the hardness at optimum level parameters to improve the mechanical properties of AMCs. Analysed Taguchi design observed that particle size (mesh) of basalt has a significant contribution on hardness (72.71%) followed by concentration of basalt (18.62%) and stirring time (8.45%) with an error about 0.22%. Based from previous study and field experiment, this result is match especially from different particle size will affect most of mechanical properties of composite materials.
Modification Compression Strength of Test Machine by Using Control System on Compaction Energy
Authors: Afriani Lusmeilia , Adha Idharmahadi , Juansyah Yan , Febrina Rina
Published: April 2020

Soil compaction for specific construction is determined soil density tests. Several methods have been developed by previous researches and the prominent method is soil density. Several types of soil compaction method in the field, namely compaction method using vibration machine, impact, and pressure. In laboratories, soil compaction test was performed by using a hammer which uses human strength to solidify soil. An experimental investigation was conducted to explore a new modification related to compression strength test machine with energy compaction control system control system the energy of compaction. Researchers tried to design and make a soil compactor with a different mould measures from the standard Proctor method to modified method. The special of this new tool is that it can measure the compaction energy from each layer and dry density values. This research used different pressures as much as 1.67 N/mm2 - 20 N/mm2, every load conducted for sandy clay and silt samples. The values of dry density obtained from this research were between 1.59 kN/m3 - 1.68 kN/m3 and the value is higher compared with the value obtained from experiments using the Standard Proctor system. Meanwhile, the soil compaction results in the laboratory by using a new modification compression strength test machine with energy compaction control system can be an option of heavy equipment which can be used in the field.
Application of SKATER and Ward’s methods in grouping Indonesian provinces based on monthly expenditure per capita of food commodity groups
Authors: Setyawan Yudi , Bekti Rokhana Dwi , Isarlin Firman
Published: April 2020

Clustering is a fundamental data mining instrument that intends to find inherent cluster structure in data. Spatial clustering methods are usually used to assess the demographic data characterization. This study aims to classify provinces in Indonesia based on monthly expenditure per capita according to food commodity groups by using Ward’s and Spatial ‘K’luster analysis by tree edge removal (SKATER) methods and to identify a better classification between the two methods. The variables of this research constitute percentages of expenditure per capita for 14 groups of food commodities of 34 provinces in Indonesia during March 2018. The results of the first analysis (excluding outliers) revealed that SKATER method produced standard deviation rasio of 0.236, better than Ward’s method that produced standard deviation rasio of 0.370. However, from the second analysis (including outliers), the outcomes showed that the Ward’s method generated standard deviation rasio of 0.170, better than SKATER method that delivered standard deviation rasio of 0.199. Moreover, it can be concluded that the second analysis is better than the first analysis because it produced smaller standard deviation ratios based on the Ward’s and SKATER methods contrasted with the first one.
Analysis Level of Motorcycle Discipline by Using the Use of Left Flow at Jl. Sudirman Metro City, Lampung
Authors: Wisman Mira , Trimoyo
Published: April 2020

The high number of accidents on Jl. Sudirman Metro city in Lampung is caused by presence of mix traffic, as well as the absence of special treatment for vulnerable motorcycle users, resulting in conflict between motorbikes and other vehicles that have the potential to cause accident. This analysis was carried out to reduce the frequency of high accidents and fatalities due to accident on Jl. Sudirman, an analysis of motorbike lane requirements on Jl. Sudirman and speed management was conducted, one of which was speed limit determination. The analysis samples taken by 7 days survey from 6.00 am – 06.00 pm on Jl Sudirman Metro city Lampung. The result of the surveys showed the criteria for motorcycle lane determination criteria not suitable to implement on Jl. Sudirman segment if it is in accordance with specified indicator because the motorcycle traffic volume is less than 674 smp/hour and 2696 vehicle/hour. This paper indicates that survey analysis on motorcycle driver discipline by using of left flow at Jl. Sudirman Metro city Lampung was not significant. In order to reduce the frequency of high accident we need speed limiting guards with maximum speed 40 km/hours and the signs for motorcycle instruction using the left lane.
Anti-adjacency and Laplacian spectra of inverse graph of group of integers modulo n
Authors: Murni  , Hadi Agung Efriyo , Febry Ifkra , Abdussakir
Published: April 2020

Research on the spectra of a graph still attracts the attention of many researchers over the last decades. In addition, research related to graphs obtained from an algebraic structure such as groups and rings is also growing. This paper determines the spectrum of the anti-adjacency and Laplacian matrices of inverse graph of a finite commutative group, namely the addition group of integers modulon. It can be concluded that all eigenvalues of anti-adjacency and Laplacian matrices of the inverse graph of addition group of integers modulonare integer
The Application of Non-deterministic Model Updating method of a Complex Jointed Structure using Central Composite Design based meta-model
Authors: Aziz Shah M.A.S. , Yunus M.A. , Abdul Rani M.N. , Sani M.S.M.
Published: April 2020

Finite element (FE) model of a structure is highly depended on idealising and simplification of model, however, the model may not truly represent the physical structure. The application of FE model updating is advocated to modify FE model of structure in order to acquired better correlation between the predicted and measured structure response. Nevertheless, for complex jointed structure, a FE model is containing a very large degree of freedoms that may contribute to high computational time. Therefore, this paper presents the application of response surface method in non-deterministic model updating using central composite design (CCD) sampling for improving the efficiency of a finite element model of a laser stitch welded structure. In this study, FE model of the structure is developed using CQUAD4 shell elements and ACM2 element connectors been used to representing the laser stitch weld joints. For the measured data, experimental modal analysis was performed using LMS SCADAS and conducted under free-free boundary conditions. In the model updating, the minimisation of uncertainties parameters in the FE model is based on the objective function that is formed from the residuals between the FE and experimental natural frequencies. The results show that the response surface method using CCD sampling is efficient to be used in FE model updating because it is capable of improving the accuracy of the initial FE model.
Ergonomic Design for Tempe Production Tool Based on User Voice
Authors: Asih E W , Mawadati A , Lestari N
Published: April 2020

The process of tempe production in small industry are considering not optimal yet. The process does not consider the ergonomic aspects and is not environment friendly. It causing complaint at some body parts and pollution. For the solution, this research aims to design a multifunctional tool that considering ergonomic and eco-friendly aspect. The design will be based on Ergonomic and the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) methods. Based on evaluation using the Nordic Body Map, it shows that body parts with the most complaints are the waist, back, neck, right and left shoulder, wrist and leg. Complaints on these body parts are caused by wrong postural when doing work which is not ergonomic. And by using Quality Function Deployment (QFD) the tool designed by considering user expectation and desire. it was found that the user expect for the tool to be made based on worker anthropometry, moved with a semi-manual machine and the tool model is suitable for work. Overall the design shows that the Ergonomic Tempe Maker Tool is a multifunctional tool that easy, flexible, safe and comfortable to be operated which focused on anthropometric size, uses a semi-manual machine and can be arranged up or down.
Design of Ergonomic Dust Collector Room for Coating Process Using Quality Function Deployment
Authors: Emaputra Andrean , Hidayat Taufik , Mawadati Argaditia
Published: April 2020

A coating process is an act of giving layers on a surface, for example, painting process, water-proofing process. The coating process needs more attention from enterprises because the processes could release dangerous particles that can be inhaled by workers. The dangerous particles could make the workers suffer from coughs, sneezing, allergic rhinitis, bronchitis, asthma, silicosis, and other decreased-lung functions. Therefore, the coating process should be done in ergonomic circumstances to avoid them from the bad effects of the un-ergonomic coating process. This research aims to find the dust collector room design meeting the ergonomic requirements for the processes. This research used Quality Function Deployment (QFD) to discover the employee needs and the requirements dust collector room should have. The employee and enterprises needs were obtained using group discussion among them working in sanitary product manufacturing made from sands, marble particles, and cement in Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The three most important needs of the room are that the dust collector room should collect dust rapidly, localize dust spreading, and give better air circulation. The needs form the three important functional requirements the room should have, i.e., split-plastic wall, concrete wall, high and wide room. Therefore, the dust collector room should be designed based on the voice of the stakeholders to get healthy-working environment.
Active demonstration of the thermal treatment of surrogate sludge and surrogate drums using the GeoMelt™ In Container Vitrification (ICV) melter installed in NNL Central Laboratory
Authors: Clarke S , Scales C , Patel N , Roe J , Banford A W
Published: April 2020

Under the auspices of the THERAMIN project, the GeoMelt™ in-container vitrification (ICV) melter system installed in the National Nuclear Laboratory (NNL) Central Laboratory at Sellafield, UK, has been used to demonstrate the immobilisation of two surrogate feeds. The streams selected for demonstration were a cementitious stream representative of legacy drums or failing cemented wastes packages and a wet waste stream made up of a surrogate for Magnox storage pond sludge and clinoptilolite, an ion exchange material, as a way of demonstrating co-immobilisation. The distribution of waste species throughout the vitrified block were assessed to determine the efficacy of the mixing during the thermal treatment process. Analysis of samples from the off-gas system was carried out to establish an activity balance across the process. This paper will outline the process set up, provide operational data from the melt concluding with an assessment of the applicability of the trials results to thermal treatment of these and similar waste streams.
Incineration-vitrifícation of a mixture of zeolites, diatoms and ion exchange resins using the SHIVA process
Authors: Fournier M , Rousset F
Published: April 2020

The Advanced Incineration-Vitrification Hybrid System (SHIVA) process is well suited to treat organic and mineral waste, with high alpha contamination management capabilities. It allows, in a single reactor, waste incineration by a plasma burner and ash vitrification in a cold wall direct glass induction melting system. The SHIVA trial demonstrates the successful processing of an inactive waste stream analogue that contains a mixture of mineral and organic ion exchange media. The waste loading attains a promising value of 38 wt.% and a glass wasteform is obtained. Further, the microstructure, chemical composition, and chemical durability of the wasteform are characterised.
Laboratory Based X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Iron Phosphate Glasses for Radioactive Waste Immobilisation: A Preliminary Investigation.
Authors: Mottram L M , Stennett M C , Sun S K , Hyatt N C
Published: April 2020

We report the application of laboratory based X-ray absorption spectroscopy to the speciation of Fe in iron phosphate glasses prepared by conventional and microwave melting. Analysis of the weak pre-edge features in Fe K-edge XANES data demonstrated glasses produced by microwave melting to have a higher fraction of reduced Fe2+ species, since microwave melts do not have sufficient time to equilibrate with the prevailing oxygen partial pressure, compared to counterparts produced by conventional melting. Furthermore, our laboratory XANES data are consistent with the formation of octahedral Fe2+ at the expense of tetrahedral Fe3+ species, with increasing Fe2+ content. These findings are consistent with the previous findings of our 57Fe Mossbauer study, synchrotron XANES data, and current understanding of the structure of iron phosphate glasses, and demonstrate the utility of laboratory based XANES for routine speciation of Fe in these and other materials.
Neutral and charged excitons interplay in non-uniformly strain-engineered WS2
Authors: Kovalchuk Sviatoslav , Harats Moshe G , López-Polín Guillermo , Kirchhof Jan N , Höflich Katja , Bolotin Kirill I
Published: April 2020

We investigate the response of excitons in two-dimensional semiconductors to nonuniformity of mechanical strain. In our approach to non-uniform strain-engineering, a WS2 monolayer is suspended over a triangular hole. Large (>2%), strongly non-uniform (>0.28% µm–1), and in-situ tunable strain is induced in WS2 by pressurizing it with inert gas. We observe a pronounced shift of the spectral weight from neutral to charged excitons at the center of the membrane, in addition to well-known strain-dependent bandgap modification. We show that the former phenomenon is a signature of a new effect unique for non-uniform strain: funneling of free carriers towards the region of high strain followed by neutral to charged exciton conversion. Our result establishes non-uniform strain engineering as a novel and useful experimental ‘knob’ for tuning optoelectronic properties of 2D semiconductors.
Nickel nanoparticles coated on the exfoliated graphene layer as an efficient and stable catalyst for oxygen reduction and hydrogen evolution in alkaline media
Authors: Kakaei Karim , Ostadi Zahra
Published: April 2020

In this work, we report simultaneous electrochemical exfoliation of graphite powder using SDS, anionic surfactant salts, and cyclic potential to prepare graphene on carbon paper. Then, Nickel is electro-reduced into graphene nanosheets on carbon paper and also on the bare carbon paper to use in alkaline media for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Afterward, graphene and Ni-graphene are characterized using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and electrochemical technique. SEM images show the Cauliflower structure of Ni in the absence of graphene and nanoparticle shapeless in the presence of smooth graphene. The electrochemical results show an excellent catalytic activity of Ni-graphene/ carbon paper with an over potential of 90 mV (Versus Ag/AgCl), which is lower than the literature value for Ni in alkaline electrolyte for HER (120 mV dec−1). The effect of graphene support on the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy response, activation energy and HER activity of the samples are investigated carefully. Finally, we prepare a novel gas diffusion electrode by using Ni pasted on carbon paper for the ORR in fuel cells and compared it with standard Pt/C catalysts using linear sweep voltammetry.