bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Evolution of Solid Electrolyte Interphase on Metallic Lithium Studied by in situ Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Wolff Beatrice , Hausen Florian
Published: January 2023

Metallic lithium is a promising candidate as anode material in lithium batteries due to its high specific capacity and cell voltage. However, the high reactivity of metallic lithium leads to a rapid formation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), even without an applied voltage. Unfortunately, the formation mechanism of the SEI is not yet fully understood. An exact understanding of the SEI includes mechanical properties, such as stiffness. Here, the mechanical properties during SEI formation are studied in an electrolyte consisting of 1.2 M LiPF6 in a mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) without applied potential using in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM). The formation of the SEI is investigated by mapping the mechanical evolution of the surface. Thereby, changes of surface composition are visualised over time. Moreover, for the addition of vinylene carbonate as an additive to the electrolyte, the impact on the morphology as well as the stiffness is demonstrated.
Integrated Network Pharmacology and Gut Microbiota Analysis to Explore the Mechanism of Sijunzi Decoction Involved in Alleviating Airway Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Asthma
Authors: Jia Wenqing , Xu Chengling , Zhao Tong , Fan Qiuyang , Qiao Bo , Wu Yueying , Yuan Jiali , Chen Jing
Published: January 2023

Background. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways with recurrent attacks, which seriously affects the patients’ quality of life and even threatens their lives. The disease can even threaten the lives of patients. Sijunzi decoction (SJZD), a classical Chinese medicine formula with a long history of administration, is a basic formula used for the treatment of asthma and demonstrates remarkable efficacy. However, the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. Materials and Methods. We aimed to integrate network pharmacology and intestinal flora sequencing analysis to study the mechanism of SJZD in the treatment of allergic asthmatic mice. The active compounds of SJZD and their asthma‐related targets were predicted by various databases. We performed Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses to identify potentially relevant pathways for target genes. Furthermore, the active compound‐target and target‐signaling pathway network maps were constructed by using Cytoscape 3.8.2. These results were combined with those of the intestinal flora sequencing analysis to study the influence of SJZD on airway inflammation in allergic asthmatic mice. Result. We obtained 137 active compounds from SJZD and associated them with 1445 asthma‐related targets acquired from the databases. A total of 109 common targets were identified. We visualized active compound‐target and target‐signaling pathway network maps. The pathological analysis and inflammation score results suggested that SJZD could alleviate airway inflammation in asthmatic mice. Sequencing analysis of intestinal flora showed that SJZD could increase the relevant abundance of beneficial bacterial genus and maintain the balance of the intestinal flora. The core toll‐like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway was identified based on network pharmacology analysis, and the important role TLRs play in intestinal flora and organismal immunity was also recognized. The analysis of the correlation between environmental factors and intestinal flora revealed that beneficial bacterial genera were negatively correlated with TLR2 and positively correlated with the TLR7 expression. Furthermore, they were positively correlated with IFN‐γ and IL‐10 levels and negatively correlated with IL‐4 and IL‐17 levels. Conclusion. SJZD alleviated the airway inflammation state in asthmatic mice. The findings suggest that increasing the relevant abundance of beneficial intestinal bacteria in mice with asthma, regulating intestinal flora, interfering with the level of TLR2 and TLR7 expression to adjust the secretion of inflammatory factors, and alleviating asthmatic airway inflammation may be the possible mechanism involved in the treatment of asthma by SJZD, providing a basis for further studies on SJZD.
Presentation of a Case of Short Root Anomaly in an 11-Year-Old Child
Authors: Trimeridou Angeliki Sofia , Arhakis Aristidis , Arapostathis Konstantinos
Published: January 2023

Short root anomaly (SRA) is a developmental anomaly in which the affected teeth present morphologically normal crowns and short, round roots. The exact cause of SRA is unknown. A case of an 11-year-old female patient with SRA is described. The patient presented short, round roots of all permanent teeth but first molars. Maxillary lateral incisors presented severe root resorption and mobility. Treatment plan included preservation of the maxillary lateral incisors by splinting them to their adjacent teeth using a stainless steel coaxial wire. A custom mouthguard for dental trauma protection was also constructed using a computer-aided design - computer-aided manufacturing (CAD–CAM) system in order to fabricate 3D-printed dental casts. At 2-year follow-up, the mobility of maxillary lateral incisors decreased, and the patient’s dentition remained stable. Considerations regarding differential diagnosis, orthodontic management, and treatment options after an eventual loss of teeth are thoroughly discussed.
The Effects of Education Based on the Nursing Process on Ostomy Self-Care Knowledge and Performance of Elderly Patients with Surgical Stoma
Authors: Momeni Pour Roya , Darvishpour Azar , Mansour-Ghanaei Roya , Kazemnezhad Leyli Ehsan
Published: January 2023

Background. Patients with surgical stoma experience problems, which can lead to their impaired adaptation and self-efficacy. The nursing process provides a framework for planning and implementing nursing care. This study aimed to investigate the effect of education based on the nursing process on ostomy self-care knowledge and performance of elderly patients with intestinal stoma. Materials and Methods. In this quasi experimental study, 52 elderly patients with intestinal ostomy who were referred to Razi Hospital in Rasht and met the inclusion criteria were invited to participate in research. Sampling was done by a simple random method. The intervention group received an educational programme based on the nursing process, whereas the control group received traditional training. The research instruments included a questionnaire to assess the level of ostomy self-care knowledge and ostomy self-care performance. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 21 using descriptive and inferential statistics at a significant level of

p
<
0.05

. Results. The mean scores of ostomy self-care knowledge and performance in both groups (intervention and control) were increased. However, the improvement in self-care knowledge and performance of the intervention group was significantly greater than that in the control group (

p
<
0.001

). Conclusions. The educational programme based on the nursing process compared to the routine patients training caused more improvement in ostomy self-care knowledge and performance of older adult patients with surgical stoma. Therefore, an educational programme based on the nursing process can be used as an educational model for these patients.
Knowledge and Attitude towards Human Papilloma Virus Infection, Vaccines, and Cervical Cancer Prevention among School Students in Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Rabiu Ismail , Yahuza Zainab
Published: January 2023

The rising cases of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer cases in Nigeria are alarming. Only a few studies have looked at secondary school students in Nigeria’s understanding of HPV infection and vaccine acceptance, whereas earlier studies have mostly focused on screening. In this study, 400 students from two secondary schools in Kano State, Nigeria, were engaged with the aim of assessing their level of knowledge and attitudes regarding HPV infection. The study further seeks to understand the respondent’s opinion on HPV vaccination and sensitize them to the health effects of HPV infection, thereby communicating the findings to the authorities concerned with policy making. The study revealed that only 128 (32%) and 142 (35.5%) respondents have knowledge about HPV and cervical cancer, respectively. Furthermore, none of the respondents were administered the HPV vaccine, with 81% of them not ready to take the vaccine. It was observed that the majority of the respondents (91%) believed that early hospital visits could help in mitigating HPV or cervical cancer cases. Following their sensitization, the respondents were observed to have different levels of satisfaction, ranging from very satisfied and satisfied to not satisfied. Effective awareness creation amongst students as well as parents is therefore essential in HPV vaccination projects, as well as in reducing the burden of cervical cancer in Nigeria.
Successive Approximation Register Analog-to-Digital Converter (SAR ADC) for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Arafa Kawther I. , Ellaithy Dina M. , Zekry Abdelhalim , Abouelatta Mohamed , Shawkey Heba
Published: January 2023

This study presents a survey of the most promising reported SAR ADC designs for biomedical applications, stressing advantages, disadvantages, and limitations, and concludes with a quantitative comparison. Recent progress in the development of a single SAR ADC architecture is reviewed. In wearable and biosensor systems, a very small amount of total power must be devoured by portable batteries or energy-harvesting circuits in order to function correctly. During the past decade, implementation of the high energy efficiency of SAR ADC has become the most necessary. So, several different implementation schemes for the main components of the SAR ADC have been proposed. In this review study, the various circuit architectures have been explained, beginning with the sample and hold (S/H) switching circuits, the dynamic comparator, the internal digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and the SAR control logic. In order to achieve low power consumption, numerous different configurations of dynamic comparator circuits are revealed. At the end of this overview, the evolutions of DAC architecture in distinct biomedical applications today can make a tradeoff between resolution, speed, and linearity, which represent the challenges of a single SAR ADC. For high resolution, the dual split capacitive DAC (CDAC) array technique and hybrid capacitor technique can be used. Also, for ultralow power consumption, various voltage switching schemes are achieved to reduce the number of switches. These schemes can save switching energy and reduce capacitor array area with high linearity. Additionally, to increase the speed of the conversion process, a prediction-based ADC design is employed. Therefore, SAR ADC is considered the ideal solution for biomedical applications.
Clinical Profile and Limitations in the Management of HBV Patients Attending Clinic at a District Hospital in Ghana
Authors: Duah Amoako , Nartey Yvonne A.
Published: January 2023

Background. Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is estimated to cause between 500,000 and 1.2 million deaths worldwide every year through cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Liver cirrhosis and HCC are the commonest liver diseases causing death in Ghana. The most critical problem in the management of CHB in sub-Saharan Africa is the high cost of investigations and antiviral drugs. There is scanty information concerning newly diagnosed CHB patients and their management challenges in Ghana. This study sought to determine the clinical characteristics and management challenges of CHB patients in Ghana. Methodology. A prospective cohort study was conducted involving newly diagnosed CHB patients being managed at St. Dominic Hospital. Patient demographic and clinical features were abstracted using a standardized questionnaire. The proportion of patients able to undertake investigations and treatment were determined, and the limitations to standard management were recorded. The performance of APRI score in the diagnosis of cirrhosis was also investigated. Results. Of the 334 patients with newly diagnosed CHB, the median age at diagnosis was 35 (IQR 28–44) years. Less than a quarter (22.2%) were able to undertake viral load testing and 23.4% were eligible for treatment. Of those who were eligible for treatment, only 42.3% were able to initiate treatment. Almost a third of cases (32.1%) reported late with liver-related complications. The sensitivity of APRI score with cut-off value of 2 in the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis was 70.2% and specificity was 97.9%. Conclusion. A high proportion of newly diagnosed CHB patients presented late and with liver-related complications. Majority were not able to afford viral load testing and antiviral medication. Screening of hepatitis B among the general population and inclusion of CHB management in the National Health Insurance Scheme should be encouraged.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity of Biocompatible Aluminium Complexes with N-(2-Hydroxy-5-methyl benzyl)phenylalanine
Authors: Kumar Anil , Kandpal Manju
Published: January 2023

New antibacterial ligand H3hmbpa-5 (N-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl benzyl)phenylalanine) and its aluminium complexes Al(OPri)(Hhmbpa-5), Al(H2hmbpa-5)(Hhmbpa-5), and Al(H2hmbpa-5)3 were synthesized in excellent yield in a stoichiometric ratio of 1 : 1, 1 : 2, and 1 : 3 (Al(OPri)3 : ligand), based on an idea of biological activity of the phenylalanine and its substituted N-aryl derivatives and Al (III) derivatives. The complexes were characterized by FT-IR, 1H, 13C NMR, UV-visible, and elemental analysis. An inhibition zone test was used for the evaluation of the antibacterial test. The results show that the ligand and aluminium complexes have superior antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC-424), Streptococcus aureus (MTCC-103), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MTCC-3389), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (MTCC-109).
Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles via Leaf Extracts of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don and Their Application in Improving Seed Germination Potential and Seedling Vigor of Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn
Authors: Mishra Dhruv , Chitara Manoj Kumar , Negi Sweta , Pal singh Jagat , Kumar Rajeew , Chaturvedi Preeti
Published: January 2023

The ecofriendly nature of materials used in synthesis and their low cost make biosynthesized nanoparticles excellent stuff for a broad range of applications in bioscience. Green nanomaterials are progressively used in agriculture to deliver plant nutrients efficiently and effectively. The present work aimed to biosynthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) utilizing Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don leaf extracts to use them as a nanopriming agent for improving seed germination and seedling growth in Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn (finger millet). UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, FE-SEM, EDX, and TEM were used to characterize biosynthesized nanoparticles (NPs). The peaks at 362 nm characterized UV-Vis spectra of ZnO NPs. The FTIR absorption spectrum of ZnO NPs showed Zn-O bending at 547 cm−1. The size (44.5 nm) and shape (nonspherical) of ZnO NPs were revealed by TEM image analysis. XRD confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite phase of ZnO with an average particle size of 35.19. The seed germination results revealed that ZnO-nanoprimed seeds at 500 mg/L substantially improved all the seed germination parameters, viz., plumule length (23.4%), radicle length (55%), vigor index (41.94%), and dry matter production (54.6%) compared to hydropriming (control).
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide-Labeled Leishmania major Can Be Traced in Fibroblasts
Authors: Yektaeian Narjes , Zare Shahrokh , Radfar Amir Hosein , Hatam Gholamreza
Published: January 2023

Introduction. Leishmaniasis is still a neglected tropical disease that can endanger more than 350 million people among 98 countries. Leishmania can survive in fibroblasts as latent inactive forms. This study was conducted to evaluate the role of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) in cell culture for tracking the labeled Leishmania major in fibroblasts. Methods. Dextran-coated SPIONs were used for labeling L. major in co-culture of fibroblasts with the parasite. To quantify and trace SPION-labeled Leishmania, Prussian blue staining was undertaken. Fibroblast characterization was undertaken by real time polymerase chain reaction. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used for confirming the entry of the labeled L. major to the cytoplasm and the nucleus of the fibroblast. Results. Fibroblasts were spindle-shaped and adherent to culture flasks. Promastigotes were with thin elongated lance-like morphology with an anterior kinetoplast and an emergent free flagellum. Prussian blue staining revealed that internalized SPIONs were localized within cytoplasm and nucleus of the fibroblasts after 24 hours of culture. Prussian blue staining successfully showed the presence of iron (stained blue) in labeled L. major within the fibroblasts. This finding was confirmed by TEM, and labeled L. major was detected in the fibroblast cytoplasm and nucleus too. Conclusion. We can conclude that SPIONs are safe, inexpensive, easy to use, and accurate, and a fast method to label Leishmania parasite in cells that the parasite can be latent, such as fibroblasts. These findings can open a new window in diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and can be added to the literature.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Analysis on the Relationship between the Mandibular Third Molar and the Position of the Mandibular Canal in Koreans from the Yanbian Area and the Han People
Authors: Liu Zhen-Long , Jiang En-Shi , Cui Lian-Yan , Li Jing-Xu
Published: January 2023

Objective. To analyze differences in the positional relationships between the mandibular third molar (MTM) and the mandibular canal in Korean and Han patients using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to provide a basis for preoperative risk assessments. Materials and Methods. The CBCT imaging data of 260 Korean and Han patients were collected. The patients’ genders, ages, impaction types and depths, relative positions between the MTMs and the mandibular nerve canals, and the shortest distances and shapes at the root tips and cortical bones were all recorded and analyzed. All data were compared using the nonparametric test, ordered logistic regression analysis, a chi-square test, and Fisher’s exact test. Results. The relationship between the mandibular canal and the relative position of the MTM differed between Korean and Han patients, mainly in the different types of impactions, and the difference was statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). The shortest distance between the mesioangular and horizontally impacted mandibular canals and the buccal side of the MTM in Korean patients was less than in Han patients, and the difference was statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). For horizontal impactions, the probability of cortical bone interruption was 1.980 times greater in Korean patients than in Han patients, and the difference was statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). The significance threshold was set at 0.05. Conclusion. There are some differences in the positional relationship between the mandibular canal in the MTM region and the rate of cortical bone disruption between Koreans from the Yanbian area and the Hans. This should gain clinical attention.
Abstract IA011: Implementation of population-based precision cancer screening programs
Authors: Pashayan Nora
Published: January 2023

To date, evidence from modeling studies indicates that precision early detection approaches could potentially improve the benefit-harm balance and the cost-effectiveness of cancer screening programs. A precision program involves risk assessment of all individuals in the population, stratification of the population into several risk groups and tailoring early detection and prevention recommendations to each risk group. Implementing precision program raises number of questions at each stage. It is important not only to generate evidence on the individual ‘jigsaw’ pieces of the program, but also to bring the pieces together in a complex adaptive system, while considering the healthcare organizational readiness for change, the economic and social context.

Citation Format: Nora Pashayan. Implementation of population-based precision cancer screening programs. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Precision Prevention, Early Detection, and Interception of Cancer; 2022 Nov 17-19; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2023;16(1 Suppl): Abstract nr IA011.
Abstract IA020: Early cancer detection through the analyses of extracellular vesicles
Authors: Lee Hakho , Castro Cesar M.
Published: January 2023

Breakthroughs in deep molecular profiling of non-invasive clinical samples (“liquid biopsy”) promise to revolutionize how cancer is detected and monitored. Analyzing circulating biomarkers in patient blood has shown their diagnostic potential in advanced disease states. Early detection, however, remains challenging – most biomarkers either (i) arise in advanced disease and at low abundance or (ii) often suffer from poor specificity, thus creating false positives that are costly and stressful for patients. We have been exploring extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a new biomarker that may overcome these challenges. EVs are nanoscale membrane particles secreted by cells. Most types of cancer shed large numbers of EVs that carry molecular cargo from the parent tumor. Analyzing EVs thus can represent a new real-time window to detect, diagnose, and serially monitor tumor molecular status. This presentation will describe our recent advances that leverage EVs for early cancer detection. Specifically, we will discuss the single EV analysis (SEA) platform that characterizes individual EVs for multiple protein markers. This method helps us unveil EV heterogeneity, which maximizes biological information content (specificity and sensitivity) for tumor-derived vesicles. We will review the SEA’s development and pilot application to diagnose early cancers.

Citation Format: Hakho Lee, Cesar M. Castro. Early cancer detection through the analyses of extracellular vesicles. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Precision Prevention, Early Detection, and Interception of Cancer; 2022 Nov 17-19; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2023;16(1 Suppl): Abstract nr IA020.
Abstract IA024: The role of consortia building the paradigm of blood-based early cancer detection
Authors: Clarke Christina A.
Published: January 2023

A longstanding challenge in public health includes developing and disseminating innovative solutions for earlier detection, screening, and diagnosis of cancers. The advent of novel technologies for blood-based cancer detection have raised entirely new questions for how these tests should be evaluated and adopted. Diverse stakeholder collaboration is required to flesh out and resolve some of these questions and challenges. In this presentation, we will dig into the ongoing activities of two active consortia: the Multi-Cancer Early Detection (MCED) Consortium and BLOODPAC Screening and Early Detection Working Group, both of which have been set forth as collaborative multi-stakeholder venues for developing shared frameworks, aggregating supporting data, and accelerating evaluation.

Citation Format: Christina A. Clarke. The role of consortia building the paradigm of blood-based early cancer detection. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Precision Prevention, Early Detection, and Interception of Cancer; 2022 Nov 17-19; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2023;16(1 Suppl): Abstract nr IA024.
Abstract P018: Differences in guideline-recommended age of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine initiation and completion in the United States
Authors: Casimir Trinity , Talip Marian F. , Abouelella Dina K. , Nair Mrudula , Rocke Daniel J. , Watts Tammara L. , Osazuwa-Peters Nosayaba , Boakye Eric Adjei
Published: January 2023

Background: While there has been increase in the uptake of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, current vaccine rate fell short of the Healthy People 2020 target. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that the vaccine be routinely administered to children between 11 and 12 years and could begin as early as 9 years of age. However, it is unclear to what extent the CDC’s guideline-recommended age of HPV vaccine uptake is followed. Objective: To test the hypothesis that HPV vaccine uptake is more likely at an older age in the United States rather than the CDC recommended age of 11-12 years. Methods: We analyzed the 2017-2020 nationally representative, cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for respondents between 9 and 17 years of age, grouped as 9-10 years, 11-12 years, and 13-17 years. Outcome of interest was age of HPV vaccine uptake (initiation and completion), based on the above age groups. We estimated odds of vaccine uptake by age, using logistic regression models, and adjusted for covariates, including sex, race/ethnicity, income, and healthcare access. Results: There were 2,584 participants in our study. However, while 22% were aged 9-10, only 5.7% in this age group had initiated the vaccine. In crude analysis, there was a significant difference in in age of vaccine uptake (both initiation and completion) across age groups (p < .0001). After adjusting for covariates, we found significant associations between age and HPV vaccine uptake. Compared to participants aged 11-12 years, adolescents aged 13-17 years had over double the odds of initiating (aOR = 2.57; 95% CI 1.88, 3.51) or completing (aOR = 2.67; 95% CI 1.76, 4.06) the HPV vaccine series. However, younger individuals between 9-10 years were less likely to initiate (aOR = 0.14; 95% CI 0.09, 0.22) or complete the vaccine series (aOR = 0.19; 95% CI 0.09, 0.37). Conclusions: While the CDC recommends HPV vaccine uptake between 11-12 years of age and as early as 9 years, individuals are significantly more likely to receive the vaccine as adolescents, and less likely to receive the vaccine between 9-10 years of age. Future studies will determine patients vs. provider factors driving this difference in recommended age of vaccine uptake compared to reported age of uptake.

Citation Format: Trinity Casimir, Marian F. Talip, Dina K. Abouelella, Mrudula Nair, Daniel J. Rocke, Tammara L. Watts, Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters, Eric Adjei Boakye. Differences in guideline-recommended age of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine initiation and completion in the United States. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Precision Prevention, Early Detection, and Interception of Cancer; 2022 Nov 17-19; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2023;16(1 Suppl): Abstract nr P018.
Abstract P023: The impact of limited English proficiency and healthcare access on HPV vaccine uptake in the United States
Authors: Talip Marian F. , Casimir Trinity , Hurst Jillian H. , Rocke Daniel J. , Watts Tammara L. , Cannon Trinitia Y. , Boakye Eric Adjei , Osazuwa-Peters Nosayaba
Published: January 2023

Background: Limited English proficiency (LEP) impacts patient-provider communication and access to healthcare, both of which are also associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake. We examined the association between LEP and HPV vaccine uptake among parents/guardians of adolescents and young adults eligible for the HPV vaccination in the United States. Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design, we analyzed nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2017 and 2020 (n = 3,993). Outcome of interest was HPV vaccine uptake, defined as initiation (at least one dose), or completion (at least two or three doses). LEP was defined as completing the questionnaire in a language other than English and/or using an interpreter. Logistic regression models estimated odds of HPV vaccine uptake based on LEP, adjusting for covariates, including age, sex, healthcare access, income, race, and ethnicity. Analyses were stratified into groups aged 9-17 and 18-26 years. Results: LEP rate was 11.2% in the 9 to 17 age-group (n = 2,584), and 8.8% in the 18-26 age-group (n = 1,409). In the adjusted analyses, we found no association between LEP and HPV vaccination in either age groups (for 9-17 years: aORinitiation = 1.10; 95% CI 0.69, 1.77; aORcompletion = 1.04; 95% CI 0.60, 1.81; and for 18-26 years: aORinitiation = 0.70; 95% CI 0.40, 1.25; aORcompletion for 18-26 years = 1.23; 95% CI 0.56, 2.70). However, we found significant associations between HPV vaccine uptake and age, sex, race/ethnicity, and healthcare access variables in both age groups. Conclusions: While language proficiency status was not significantly associated with HPV vaccine uptake in our study, we found that age, sex, race/ethnicity, and access to care are associated with HPV vaccination. This indicates the need for continued interventions targeting factors to increase access to HPV vaccine.

Citation Format: Marian F. Talip, Trinity Casimir, Jillian H. Hurst, Daniel J. Rocke, Tammara L. Watts, Trinitia Y. Cannon, Eric Adjei Boakye, Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters. The impact of limited English proficiency and healthcare access on HPV vaccine uptake in the United States. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Precision Prevention, Early Detection, and Interception of Cancer; 2022 Nov 17-19; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2023;16(1 Suppl): Abstract nr P023.
Abstract P076: Contribution of the microbiome to a metabolomic signature predictive of risk for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Fahrmann Johannes F. , Irajizad Ehsan , Kenney Ana , Tang Tiffany , Vykoukal Jody , Wu Ranran , Dennison Jennifer B. , Escofet Marta Sans , Long James P. , Loftus Maureen , Chabot John A. , Kluger Michael D. , Kastrinos Fay , Brais Lauren , Babic Ana , Jajoo Kunal , Lee Linda S. , Clancy Thomas E. , Ng Kimmie , Bullock Andrea , Genkinger Jeanine M. , Maitra Anirban , Do Kim-Anh , Yu Bin , Wolpin Brian M. , Hanash Samir
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Emerging evidence implicates the microbiome in the development of pancreatic cancer. We investigated whether increased levels of microbial-related metabolites in circulation are associated with pancreatic cancer risk. Methods: We applied metabolomics profiling to sera from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cohort to quantify and build a model based on 14 microbial-related metabolites. The study involved samples collected from 172 subjects within five years prior to diagnosis and 863 matched controls. Data from five PLCO centers were used for training and from two centers for validation and model selection. The model was subsequently tested using samples from three independent centers. The contributions of non-microbial-associated metabolites as well as CA19-9 was also assessed. Results: A 3-marker microbial-related metabolite panel yielded in the PLCO testing set an AUC of 0.64 (95% CI: 0.53-0.76) for 5-year probability of pancreatic cancer. Five additional non-microbial metabolites were identified that when combined with the microbiome panel yielded an AUC of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.71-0.88) for 5-year probability of pancreatic cancer in the PLCO testing set. The combined metabolite panel and CA19-9 yielded an AUC of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.77-0.95) for 2-year probability of pancreatic cancer in the PLCO testing set, which was improved compared to CA19-9 alone (AUC: 0.70 (95% CI: 0.57-0.82), p< 0.001). Conclusion: We developed a metabolite panel derived in part from the microbiome for risk assessment of pancreatic cancer, which has relevance to prevention and early detection.

Citation Format: Johannes F. Fahrmann, Ehsan Irajizad, Ana Kenney, Tiffany Tang, Jody Vykoukal, Ranran Wu, Jennifer B. Dennison, Marta Sans Escofet, James P. Long, Maureen Loftus, John A. Chabot, Michael D. Kluger, Fay Kastrinos, Lauren Brais, Ana Babic, Kunal Jajoo, Linda S. Lee, Thomas E. Clancy, Kimmie Ng, Andrea Bullock, Jeanine M. Genkinger, Anirban Maitra, Kim-Anh Do, Bin Yu, Brian M. Wolpin, Samir Hanash. Contribution of the microbiome to a metabolomic signature predictive of risk for pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Precision Prevention, Early Detection, and Interception of Cancer; 2022 Nov 17-19; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2023;16(1 Suppl): Abstract nr P076.
Abstract P077: A blood-based lipid biomarker panel for personalized risk assessment of breast cancer
Authors: Fahrmann Johannes F. , Irajizad Ehsan , Vykoukal Jody , Barrera Angelica Gutierrez , Dennison Jennifer B. , Wu Ranran , Arun Banu , Brewster Abenaa , Hanash Samir
Published: January 2023

Background: The metabolic syndrome characterized in part by obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance is associated with increased risk of breast cancer. However there remains a need to establish a circulating biomarker metabolic profile indicative of increased risk of breast cancer. In the current study, we performed a comprehensive metabolomics screen to identify biomarkers indicative of increased risk of breast cancer. Methods: Unbiased metabolomics profiling was conducted on an initial Development Set of plasmas collected from 353 newly diagnosed breast cancer cases and 141 controls. A deep learning neural network with 3 layers each containing 32 nodes based on 11 individual lipids corresponding to discrete lipid subclasses was built for risk prediction of breast cancer. The model was validated in an independent Test Set consisting of 79 breast cancer cases and 163 controls. Using a nested case: control matched design, we evaluated the performance of the model among body mass index (BMI) strata (≥ 30 or <30kg/m2). Results: An 11-marker lipid biomarker panel encompassing lipid subclasses with known pro-inflammatory and tumor promoting roles yielded an AUC of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.70-0.79) for distinguishing breast cancer cases from controls in the Development Set. Predictive performance of the lipid panel was comparable when stratifying cases into hormone-receptor (HR) positive, HER2-positive/HR negative, and triple-negative breast cancer subtypes. The biomarker panel had an AUC of 0.74 (95% CI: 0.68-0.81) in the independent Test Set. The predictive performance of the panel was most pronounced among obese subjects (BMI ≥ 30) with an AUC of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.71-0.91) in the Test Set. Conclusions: The lipid-based biomarker panel has utility for identifying women with ‘metabolic obesity’ who are at increased risk of breast cancer and would benefit from tailored screening.

Citation Format: Johannes F. Fahrmann, Ehsan Irajizad, Jody Vykoukal, Angelica Gutierrez Barrera, Jennifer B. Dennison, Ranran Wu, Banu Arun, Abenaa Brewster, Samir Hanash. A blood-based lipid biomarker panel for personalized risk assessment of breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Precision Prevention, Early Detection, and Interception of Cancer; 2022 Nov 17-19; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2023;16(1 Suppl): Abstract nr P077.
IL9 Polarizes Macrophages to M1 and Induces the Infiltration of Antitumor Immune Cells via MIP-1 and CXCR3 Chemokines
Authors: Do-Thi Van Anh , Park Sang Min , Park Song Mi , Jeong Hye Jin , Cho Geunyoung , An Hyun-Jung , Kim Young Sang , Lee Hayyoung , Lee Jie-Oh
Published: January 2023

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are involved in tumor progression, metastasis, and immunosuppression. Because TAMs are highly plastic and could alter their phenotypes to proinflammatory M1 in response to environmental stimuli, reeducating TAMs has emerged as a promising approach to overcoming the challenges of solid cancer treatment. This study investigated the effect of IL9 on macrophage M1 polarization and verified its antitumor potential to retrain TAMs and promote chemokine secretion. We demonstrated that IL9 stimulated macrophage proliferation and polarized them toward the proinflammatory M1 phenotype in an IFNγ-dependent manner. Tumor-localized IL9 also polarized TAMs toward M1 in vivo and made them release CCL3/4 and CXCL9/10 to recruit antitumor immune cells, including T and natural killer cells, into the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, peritoneal treatment with recombinant IL9 delayed the growth of macrophage-enriched B16F10 melanoma and 4T1 breast cancer in syngeneic mice, although IL9 treatment did not reduce tumor growth in the absence of macrophage enrichment. These results demonstrate the efficacy of IL9 in macrophage polarization to trigger antitumor immunity.

Significance:

These findings clarified the effect of IL9 on macrophage M1 polarization and verified its antitumor potential through retraining TAMs and chemokine secretion.
Association between Kidney Function and the Burden of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: An Updated Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Xiao Chu-Yun , Ma Ya-Hui , Ou Ya-Nan , Zhao Bing , Hu He-Ying , Wang Zuo-Teng , Tan Lan
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Due to anatomical and functional similarities in microvascular beds, the brain and kidney share distinctive susceptibilities to vascular injury and common risk factors of small vessel disease. The aim of this updated meta-analysis is to explore the association between kidney function and the burden of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched for observational studies that explored the association between the indicators of kidney function and CSVD neuroimaging markers. The highest-adjusted risk estimates and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were aggregated using random-effect models. Results: Twelve longitudinal studies and 51 cross-sectional studies with 57,030 subjects met the inclusion criteria of systematic review, of which 52 were included in quantitative synthesis. According to the pooled results, we found that low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2) was associated with cerebral microbleeds (odds ratio (OR) = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.26–1.90), white matter hyperintensities (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.05–1.86), and lacunar infarctions (OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.18–1.92), but not with severe perivascular spaces (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 0.77–1.88). Likewise, patients with proteinuria (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.47–2.09) or elevated serum cystatin C (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.25–1.83) also had an increased risk of CSVD. Conclusion: The association between kidney function and CSVD has been comprehensively updated through this study, that kidney insufficiency manifested as low eGFR, proteinuria, and elevated serum cystatin C was independently associated with CSVD burden.
Two Novel Heterozygous Mutations (p.γPhe230Val and p.AαAsn839Thr) Cause Hereditary Hypodysfibrinogenemia in Two Chinese Independent Families
Authors: Ge Shengchen , Luo Yuqing , Dong Rujiao , Guo Xiaoli , Wang Mingshan , Chen Yi
Published: January 2023

The objective of this study was to explore the molecular defects in two Chinese families with hypodysfibrinogenemia. The coagulation method and immunoturbidimetric method were used to detect plasma fibrinogen activity and plasma fibrinogen antigen. The fibrinogen genes were amplified by PCR, and suspected mutations were confirmed by reverse sequencing. Bioinformatics and model analysis were used to study the conservatism and harm of the mutations. Study showed that the Fg:C and Fg:Ag of the probands of the two families were reduced, respectively, to 0.80g/L, 0.92g/L and 1.35g/L, 1.42g/L; gene analysis revealed that the proband 1 had a heterozygous missense mutation of c.688T>G (p.γPhe230Val) in exon 7 of the FGG gene; the c.2516A>C (p.AαAsn839Thr) heterozygous missense mutation in exon 6 of the FGA gene was got by the proband 2. These mutations found in this study might be related to the hypodysfibrinogenemia.
Recent Understanding and Future Directions in the Application of MMP-2 in Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis Clinical Practice
Authors: Fang Yaxuan , Chen Xin , Zhong Ke , Ni Qingying , He Zhenyang , Qiao Yanheng , Zhao Yanru , Li Jie , Yang Hongtao , Yang Bo
Published: January 2023

Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is an uncommon and harmful complication which may cause destructive outcomes. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) as a protease can reduce constituents of the extracellular matrix and play a crucial role in the progression of EPS. As a new biomarker, MMP-2 may improve the detection rate of EPS patients in clinical work. In this review, we summarize the recent study of MMP-2 in different etiologies and the assessment of its application value and draw attention to its future directions.
Genome-Wide Analysis of Left Ventricular Maximum Wall Thickness in the UK Biobank Cohort Reveals a Shared Genetic Background With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Aung Nay , Lopes Luis R. , van Duijvenboden Stefan , Harper Andrew R. , Goel Anuj , Grace Christopher , Ho Carolyn Y. , Weintraub William S. , Kramer Christopher M. , Neubauer Stefan , Watkins Hugh C. , Petersen Steffen E. , Munroe Patricia B.
Published: January 2023

Background:

Left ventricular maximum wall thickness (LVMWT) is an important biomarker of left ventricular hypertrophy and provides diagnostic and prognostic information in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Limited information is available on the genetic determinants of LVMWT.

Methods:

We performed a genome-wide association study of LVMWT measured from the cardiovascular magnetic resonance examinations of 42 176 European individuals. We evaluated the genetic relationship between LVMWT and HCM by performing pairwise analysis using the data from the Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Registry in which the controls were randomly selected from UK Biobank individuals not included in the cardiovascular magnetic resonance sub-study.

Results:

Twenty-one genetic loci were discovered at
P
<5×10
−8
. Several novel candidate genes were identified including
PROX1
,
PXN
, and
PTK2
, with known functional roles in myocardial growth and sarcomere organization. The LVMWT genetic risk score is predictive of HCM in the Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Registry (odds ratio per SD: 1.18 [95% CI, 1.13–1.23]) with pairwise analyses demonstrating a moderate genetic correlation (r
g
=0.53) and substantial loci overlap (19/21).

Conclusions:

Our findings provide novel insights into the genetic underpinning of LVMWT and highlight its shared genetic background with HCM, supporting future endeavours to elucidate the genetic etiology of HCM.
Mechanistic Insights of the LEMD2 p.L13R Mutation and Its Role in Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Chen Ruping , Buchmann Simone , Kroth Amos , Arias-Loza Anahi-Paula , Kohlhaas Michael , Wagner Nicole , Grüner Gianna , Nickel Alexander , Cirnu Alexandra , Williams Tatjana , Maack Christoph , Ergün Süleyman , Frantz Stefan , Gerull Brenda
Published: January 2023

Background:

Nuclear envelope proteins play an important role in the pathogenesis of hereditary cardiomyopathies. Recently, a new form of arrhythmic cardiomyopathy caused by a homozygous mutation (p.L13R) in the inner nuclear membrane protein LEMD2 was discovered. The aim was to unravel the molecular mechanisms of mutant LEMD2 in the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy.

Methods:

We generated a Lemd2 p.L13R knock-in mouse model and a corresponding cell model via CRISPR/Cas9 technology and investigated the cardiac phenotype as well as cellular and subcellular mechanisms of nuclear membrane rupture and repair.

Results:

Knock-in mice developed a cardiomyopathy with predominantly endocardial fibrosis, left ventricular dilatation, and systolic dysfunction. Electrocardiograms displayed pronounced ventricular arrhythmias and conduction disease. A key finding of knock-in cardiomyocytes on ultrastructural level was a significant increase in nuclear membrane invaginations and decreased nuclear circularity. Furthermore, increased DNA damage and premature senescence were detected as the underlying cause of fibrotic and inflammatory remodeling. As the p.L13R mutation is located in the Lap2/Emerin/Man1 (LEM)-domain, we observed a disrupted interaction between mutant LEMD2 and BAF (barrier-to-autointegration factor), which is required to initiate the nuclear envelope rupture repair process. To mimic increased mechanical stress with subsequent nuclear envelope ruptures, we investigated mutant HeLa-cells upon electrical stimulation and increased stiffness. Here, we demonstrated impaired nuclear envelope rupture repair capacity, subsequent cytoplasmic leakage of the DNA repair factor KU80 along with increased DNA damage, and recruitment of the cGAS (cyclic GMP–AMP synthase) to the nuclear membrane and micronuclei.

Conclusions:

We show for the first time that the Lemd2 p.L13R mutation in mice recapitulates human dilated cardiomyopathy with fibrosis and severe ventricular arrhythmias. Impaired nuclear envelope rupture repair capacity resulted in increased DNA damage and activation of the cGAS/STING/IFN pathway, promoting premature senescence. Hence, LEMD2 is a new player inthe disease group of laminopathies.
LOVEWEAR: haptic clothing that allows intimate exploration for movement-impaired
Authors: Corti Emanuela , Parati Ivan , Dils Christian
Published: January 2023

Disabled sexuality often faces physical, political, and societal barriers. The lack of inclusivity in the sex toy market does not support an autonomous experience for impaired individuals who can’t operate toys without external assistance. LOVEWEAR is an art-science collaborative project that combines user-centered design principles with soft robotics integrated into textiles. The aim is to offer an autonomous experience through haptic feedback, allowing self-exploration of intimate sensations and sexual pleasure to females with motor impairments. A pillow interface activates an underwear garment: while caressing and touching the pillow, the wearer triggers the underwear’s inflatable inserts actuators. This transdisciplinary project used a mixed-methods research design; the objective is to promote the embedment of technology into everyday garments, to improve the wearer’s quality of life.
Deep Permutation Design: A new potential artificial intelligence-based design methodology
Authors: Terzidis Kostas , Fabrocini Filippo , Lee Hyejin , Daumard Louis
Published: January 2023

An artificial intelligence-based design methodology is presented based on permutations and neural networks. Elements are combined in all possible ways to form all possible design solutions and a neural network extracts the best solutions after being trained on either objective or subjective criteria. This methodology is projected to have many applications in fashion, architecture, music, storytelling, cooking, or any other design or art field that can be represented as a set of permutations.
Sound of Ikebana: Fluid Artwork Created under Zero-G Using Parabolic Flight
Authors: Tosa Naoko , Yamada Akihiro , Pang Yunian , Toba Shigetaka , Ito Azusa , Suzuki Takashi , Nakatsu Ryohei
Published: January 2023

The authors, led by artist Naoko Tosa, discuss their collaboration on the video artwork Sound of Ikebana, made by applying sound vibration to fluid and shooting it with a high-speed camera. To study the fluid’s shape under zero gravity the authors experimented with generating the artwork under weightlessness achieved through parabolic flight. The authors confirmed that a new shape significantly different from the one created under normal gravity is created. A three-dimensional artwork was also generated by shooting the phenomenon from multiple viewpoints.