bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alcohol Consumption and Executive Functions in Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Villegas-Pantoja Miguel Angel , Alonso-Castillo María Magdalena , Benavides-Torres Raquel A. , Guzmán-Facundo Francisco Rafael ,   Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León
Published: July 2014

Objetivo: el consumo de alcohol entre los estudiantes universitarios se ha convertido en una preocupación creciente en los últimosaños, por lo que este estudio fue desarrollado con el objetivo de identificar el consumo de esta sustancia entre los estudiantes de enfermería.Método: se trata de un estudio transversal desarrollado en una universidad privada en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, Brasil, con 161estudiantes que respondieron a un cuestionario autoadministrado que contiene información sociodemográfica, preguntas seleccionadasdel Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test y otros aspectos relacionados con el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas. Resultados: alta proporción(67,7 %) de los estudiantes de enfermería entrevistados reportó ser consumidores de alcohol, y el 32,1 % de ellos estaban en laorgía de consumo estándar, y casi la mitad (45,9 %) de los consumidores están expuestos al riesgo de desarrollar problemas relacionadoscon el consumo de esta sustancia. Resultados: están preocupados por el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas de los estudiantes de enfermeríaque participaron en este estudio, ya que son los futuros profesionales que inevitablemente actúan como educadores y motivadorespara la adopción de conductas saludables en la población. Conclusión: por lo tanto, se necesitan políticas y programas para prevenir elconsumo excesivo de alcohol en esta población.
Rating Strategies at the Outpatient Level for Coping with Chronic Pain in Persons with Cancer
Authors: Barragán Julian Andrés , Almanza-Rodríguez Geraldine ,   Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia
Published: July 2014

Actualmente el dolor es conocido como un síntoma desagradable que nace de la interacción de la persona con su entorno y consigo misma, y es responsabilidad del profesional de enfermería evaluarlo a fin de establecer acciones concretas para su atención. Objetivo: valorar las estrategias de afrontamiento del dolor crónico en personas con cáncer de forma multidimensional dentro de procesos físicos y emocionales. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal; se aplicó la versión en español del Cuestionario de Afrontamiento del Dolor Crónico (CAD) a una muestra de 117 personas con cáncer de diversa etiología, mayores de 18 años y sin alteración del estado mental, entre junio y octubre del 2010, los datos se procesaron el SPSS; se realizó validez facial y conceptual para Colombia. Resultados: la aplicación del CAD permitió obtener puntuaciones de los factores que componen el cuestionario, así como la correlación con variables sociodemográficas; las personas utilizan estrategias adaptativas relacionadas con las categorías: esperanza (media de 5,1), autoinstruc- ciones (media de 4,33), distracción cognitiva (media de 4,9), es decir la confianza, la ayuda y la visión de un futuro sin dolor; se destacan como conductas desadaptativas la castrofización (media de 3,9) y fe y plegarias (media 5,23). Conclusiones: el estudio permitió valorar conductas de afrontamiento adaptativas al dolor crónico de las dimensiones propuestas; sin embargo, persisten conductas de tipo desa- daptativo al afrontamiento.
The Perception of Nurses and Doctors on a Care Bundle Guideline for Management of Pain in Critical Care
Authors: Subramanian Pathmawathi , Allcock Nick , James Veronica , Lathlean Judith ,   University of Malaya
Published: July 2014

Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio fue explorar la percepción de las enfermeras y los médicos sobre el uso de un paquete de aten- ción como una guía para el manejo del dolor en cuidados críticos. A pesar del desarrollo de guías y protocolos para el manejo del dolor en cuidados críticos, basados en la evidencia, el dolor sigue siendo un problema importante. La introducción de un paquete de atención para cuidados críticos ha mejorado el manejo de los pacientes ventilados. Un paquete de atención en el manejo del dolor tiene como objetivo reducir las variaciones en la práctica. Método: el estudio tiene un diseño prospectivo cualitativo desarrollado mediante una entrevista en profundidad y semi-estructurada de 23 enfermeros y médicos en una unidad de cuidado crítico. Resultado: cuatro temas principales surgieron: 1 ) la adecuación al escenario de cuidado crítico, 2) la aplicabilidad al escenario de cuidado crítico, 3 ) la propiedad del Paquete de Atención al Dolor, y 4) la necesidad en la práctica actual. Los resultados mostraron una pobre aceptación del paquete por parte de los profesionales de la salud en el manejo de dolor agudo en los enfermos críticos. Conclusión: el estudio encontró que las enfermeras y los médicos no percibieron el paquete de atención al dolor como una herramienta útil para mejorar el manejo del dolor, con pruebas que apuntan a una brecha entre la práctica del manejo del dolor, tal como se describe por el paquete de atención, y la práctica real.
Education, Physical Activity and Obesity among Adults with Type II Diabetes from the Standpoint of Orem's Self-care Theory
Authors: Compean Ortiz Lidia Guadalupe , Quintero Valle Luz María , Del Angel Pérez Beatriz , Reséndiz González Eunice , Salazar González Bertha Cecilia , González González José Gerardo ,   Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas
Published: July 2014

Objetivos: describir la relación de la actividad física (pasos/día)/ejercicio con la obesidad (índice de masa corporal, circunferencia de cintura y grasa corporal) en adultos con diabetes tipo 2. Se planteó además: 1) determinar la relación de la educación/comprensión en diabetes con la actividad física/ejercicio, y 2) establecer diferencias de actividad física/ejercicio y obesidad/sobrepeso de acuerdo con variables sociodemográficas. Materiales y métodos: diseño descriptivo correlacional, muestra aleatoria de 124 pacientes de 17 centros comunitarios de Tampico, Tamaulipas, México. Las mediciones incluyeron: podómetro New-Life Style 2000, cuestionarios de autocuidado y Perfil de Cuidado en Diabetes, IMC, CC y grasa corporal. Los datos se analizaron con medidas de tendencia central, correlación de Spearman, prueba U de Mann-Whitney y Kruskal Wallis. Resultados: el promedio de pasos/día mostró relación inversa con el IMC (rs = - 0,282, p < 0,01) y la CC (rs = - 0,300, p < 0,01). La comprensión en diabetes tuvo relación positiva con el ejercicio (rs = 0,179, p = 0,04). Las mujeres fueron quienes tuvieron mayor porcentaje de grasa corporal (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: los hallazgos tienen implicaciones importantes para el ejercicio práctico de la profesión de enfermería que juega un papel esencial en el fomento de la actividad física y otros comportamientos básicos de autocuidado a través de la educación. La educación basada en teoría se hace necesaria para el avance en el conocimiento de la disciplina.
How to Understand the Experience of Persons Living with HIV: Implications for Clinical Practice and Research
Authors: Carrasco Paola , Araya-Gutiérrez Alejandra , Loayza-Godoy Carla , Ferrer-Lagunas Lilian , Trujillo-Guarda Claudio , Fernández-Sarmiento Ana , Lasso-Barreto Martín , Pérez-Cortés Carlos ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Published: July 2014

Objetivo: las personas que viven con una enfermedad crónica experimentan procesos complejos de transformación personal para adaptarse a su nueva condición de salud. El objetivo del artículo es develar el significado de vivir con VIH en personas que fueron diag- nosticadas en etapa de sida. Materiales y métodos: estudio cualitativo descriptivo en el que se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad a 15 personas que viven con VIH (PVVIH) en etapa de sida, que se atienden en el sistema público de salud chileno. Resultados: del análisis de contenido emergieron seis dimensiones del significado de vivir con la enfermedad: cambios personales posteriores al diagnóstico; apoyo social y acompañamiento, resignación a la adquisición del VIH; percepción de discriminación / rechazo; revelación del diagnóstico; cuidar a otros de la adquisición del VIH. Conclusiones: los hallazgos orientan a los profesionales de la salud sobre las estrategias que se deben utilizar en la atención directa de las personas que viven con VIH con el fin de otorgar un cuidado integral considerando el apoyo para el desarrollo de estrategias de autocuidado y la revelación del diagnóstico a su núcleo cercano, para reducir los costos psicosociales asociados a la enfermedad.
ICrESAI - IMeCI: Tools for Selecting and Evaluating Scientific Articles for Research and Evidence-based Practice
Authors: Gómez-Ortega Olga Rocío , Amaya Rey María Consuelo del Pilar ,   Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Published: July 2014

Objetivo: el incremento en la producción de conocimiento representa para los científicos una preocupación, dado que diariamente se enfrentan a la decisión de elegir la literatura de mayor mérito científico para respaldar la toma de decisiones para la investigación y la práctica. La presente investigación tiene por objeto construir dos instrumentos registrados4, con propiedades psicométricas, validez facial y validez de contenido. Materiales y métodos: para el Instrumento de Criterios de Elegibilidad de los Artículos de Investigación para el Metaanálisis (ICrESAI) se proponen los criterios que se deben evaluar para determinar cuáles artículos de investigación deben ser elegibles para una revisión sistemática (RS) o metaanálisis (MA); así mismo, se calculó la fiabilidad interevaluador. El segundo es el Instrumento de Criterios para Evaluar el Mérito Científico de los Artículos Seleccionados para el Metaanálisis (IMeCI), el cual propone criterios que se deben evaluar para calificar el mérito científico y la calidad metodológica de los artículos seleccionados para adelantar una RS. Los cálculos para validez facial y de contenido se hicieron con tres investigadores expertos en metodología de la investigación y en medición. La validez de contenido se calculó con el Índice de Lawshe Modificado (Tristán-López, 2008), y la fiabilidad intercodificador se midió para variables cualitativas con el Índice de Kappa de Cohen. Resultados: el instrumento ICrESAI obtuvo un índice de validez de contenido (CVI) de 1,0. Para el instrumento IMeCI, el CVI fue de 0,75. En el instrumento ICrESAI los valores para el índice de fiabilidad o concordancia intercodificador estuvieron entre 0,547 y 0,973, considerados buenos de acuerdo con la interpretación propuesta por Cohen. Conclusiones: los dos instrumentos generados cuentan con validez (CVI y Lawshe) para realizar la selección y evaluación del mérito científico de las piezas de investigación. Estas dos herramientas son útiles en el estudio de cualquier área temática y al orientar el uso de la información para la toma de decisiones en la investigación y la práctica basada en evidencia.
From ‘Good’ to ‘Growth-Enhancing’ Governance: Emerging Research Agendas on Africaʼs Political-Economy
Authors: Kjaer Anne Mette
Published: July 2014

This paper explores the nature of the governance debate in African politics. It offers an overview of key debates since the governance concept first emerged in development circles. Through a review of the critique of the ‘good governance’ agenda, the paper demonstrates the futility of a rigid application of pre-defined good governance institutions in African states. Rather, it argues that there is a need for understanding the political feasibility of possible alternative growth-enhancing governance initiatives. The paper argues that growth-enhancing governance will always be context dependent and that there is a need for more research into potential political incentives that might lead ruling elites to adopt policies for growth-enhancing governance. To this end, it is necessary to improve our understanding of the particular features of ruling coalitions that enable growth-enhancing governance. To do this we need to research the organisation of ruling coalitions and how they are financed, and we need to know more about the role of elections in shaping policies and their implementation.
“AMERICANISMO E FORDISMO" DE GRAMSCI: A ADAPTAÇÃO DO TRABALHADOR AS NECESSIDADES DA INDÚSTRIA
Authors: Pfeifer Mariana
Published: July 2014

O presente artigo resgata as principais elaborações de ramsci acerca do desenvolvimento de uma nova forma de rganização das bases materiais de produção e das relações sociais que foi denominado por ele como “Americanismo e Fordismo”. Ressaltam-se, especificamente, as questões político-ideológicas que contribuíram para a construção da hegemonia deste paradigma, por meio da utilização de mecanismos de coerção e consenso junto a classe trabalhadora. Aborda aspectos da formação social e estratégias utilizadas pelas elites para o adestramento e adaptações psicofísicas da força de trabalho a condições de trabalho específicas, de acordo com as necessidades da indústria da época. Dentre elas, destaca-se o apelo a uma nova ética sexual, desconstruindo a “animalidade” do ser humano pela valorização do puritanismo e da família monogâmica, assim como persuadindo parte da classe operária com “altos salários” para a construção de representantes e disseminadores da forma social correspondente do modelo industrial. Tendo em vista a necessidade da indústria moderna de generalizar o “novo tipo humano”, tais mecanismos de coerção e consensobuscam sedimentar normas e hábitos no ser humano que se enquadrem às exigências dos processos produtivos e a formas mais complexas de vida social e coletiva.
COMENTÁRIOS SOBRE A CATEGORIA GÊNERO: RELAÇÕES DE GÊNERO, SEXO E AS NEGAÇÕES DO BIOLOGICISMO
Authors: Henning Carlos Eduardo
Published: July 2014

Neste artigo procura-se explicitar alguns aspectos sobre o percurso do conceito de gênero dentro do debate feminista nas últimas décadas, centrado em análises de produções de autoras como Rosaldo (1995), Butler (2003a, 2003b), Collier & Yanagisako (1987), Rubin (1986), Scott (2002, 1990), Strathern (1988) e Moore (2002), de forma a apresentar osposicionamentos destas autoras principalmente quanto a relevância do “sexo” na constituição da categoria “gênero”, assim como das suas posições quanto a afirmações determinísticas do biológico como formador das configurações sociais de ‘assimetria sexual’. E, para tanto, procurou-se ater principalmente às conceituações de “gênero” produzidas pelas autoras supracitadas. Este texto não se propõe a fazer uma exaustiva revisão do campo de estudos, mas abordar modestamente algumas notas acerca deste.
POWER, BODIES AND DIFFERENCE
Authors: Lessa Patrícia , Birello Verônica Braga
Published: July 2014

Provavelmente não há uma explicação simples para a proliferação de textos sobre o corpo. Claramente, o trabalho de Foucault foi uma influência para tornar o corpo o objeto deestudo preferencial de análise na filosofia, sociologia e antropologia contemporâneas. No entanto, o impacto da teoria feminista nas ciências sociais tem igual crédito em trazer o corpoà notoriedade. As dificuldades encontradas principalmente pelas mulheres de classe média, que tiveram acesso à “igualdade” na esfera pública, também serviram de catalisador para as reflexões sobre o corpo.
DA MPB AO RAP – VIRTUOSISMO, TÉCNICA, JULGAMENTOS NA ESTÉTICA MUSICAL
Authors: Silva Pablo Augusto
Published: July 2014

Esse artigo formula algumas hipóteses para se analisar o papel da música popular na cultura brasileira contemporânea, da MPB (música popular brasileira) ao rap. Uma delas é a correlação entre o predomínio da racionalidade técnica e da especialização nas esferas sociais do trabalho e da economia e o surgimento, na modernidade, do virtuose, o artista profissionalmente educado para executar em alto grau técnico a sua arte. Sob a perspectiva da sociologia compreensiva, tomamos alguns agentes e instituições da esfera musical para problematização e crítica da cultura contemporânea. Nossas fontes de pesquisa são a música popular brasileira de vanguarda (a MPB), que desde os anos 1960 vem sendo socialmente reconhecida como expressão da "genuína cultura brasileira", e o rap, expressão musical de uma significativa parcela da juventude urbana a partir dos anos 1980 até a atualidade.
A FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA – ESPECIALIZAÇÃO EM EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO E SUA RESPONSABILIDADE SOCIAL
Authors: Fagundes Maurício Cesar Vitória , Hoeller Silvana Cassia
Published: July 2014

A responsabilidade social é uma demanda que poderá ser atingida quando as universidades problematizarema sua relação com a sociedade. O questionamento só será possível quando houver espaços para a reinvenção da realidade. Nesse contexto a universidade pode representar uma condição de Projeto que avança na direção de novos paradigmas. A sociedade vem reconhecendoa existência de outros espaços de produção do conhecimento e colocando em questão as tradicionais funções da universidade. Assim, o artigo traz as experiências construídas a partir da UFPR Litoral que tem como premissa sua responsabilidade social e firma posição pautando-seem princípios democráticos e emancipatórios, explicitados pelo compromisso da universidade pública. Esse processo pode ser sentido nos cursos de pós-graduação em Educação do Campo, que faz o exercício de pensar o conhecimento a partir da realidade concreta de seus sujeitos.
REPRESENTAÇÕES SOBRE A CONFIANÇA A PARTIR DA PERCEPÇÃO DAS FAMILIAS DA COMUNIDADE RURAL DE SÃO JOÃOZINHO EM GUARATUBA/PR
Authors: Ferreira Márcia Regina , Hoeller Silvana Cássia , Quadros Diomar Augusto de
Published: July 2014

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a representação social sobre a confiança a partir da percepção das famílias da comunidade rural de São Joãozinho – Pr. Para tanto, a primeira seção aborda sobre a teoria da representação social, destacando Serge Moscovici, por trabalhar com a questão de como o individuo dentro do grupo desenvolve o seu conhecimento e como o próprio grupo chega ao conhecimento. Já na segunda seção avança-se no tema confiança como componente básico do capital social e a discussão sobre a importância do desenvolvimento comunitário. Em seguida, a apresentação do método e por fim os resultados e discussões gerados a partir da pesquisa de campo e o referencial teórico.
MEMÓRIA HISTÓRICA: O POLÍTICO COMO VOCAÇÃO
Authors: Araújo Jussara Rezende
Published: July 2014

Entrevista realizada com Francisco Deliberador Neto importante político paranaense que atuou como gestor em diversos órgãos públicos do Estado principalmente entre as datas de 1950-90. O gênero jornalístico entrevista foi eleito pela autora para divulgar seus estudos e pesquisassobre as teorias de Maurice Halbwachs de que as lembranças não são simples reminiscências do sujeito que expõe sua memória, mas que nelas podemos ler visão de mundo, utopias e ideologias de um sujeito que também é representação de um quadro de ideias coletivas; ideiasestas ancoradas pelas representações do presente, com vista para a construção de um futuro. O entrevistado ao transmitir sua memória expõe também um projeto político do grupo ao qual depositou suas expectativas e esperanças de futuro.
POSSIBILIDADES DE RE-ELABORAÇÃO DOS GÊNEROS DISCURSIVOS NO PROCESSO DE APRENDIZAGEM DA LEITURA E DA ESCRITA NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL, A PARTIR DO ENSINO DA LEITURA DIALÉTICA NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Gandin Rosangela Valachinski
Published: July 2014

O pensamento humano desenvolve-se num movimento dialético que tem o significado apreendido e internalizado como base para a compreensão de um novo conhecimento. Essa ocorre por meio da análise e da integração, resultando numa síntese. A leitura dialética ou interativa reúne elementos da leitura (tradicional) e da leitura ativa e promove uma interação entre os conhecimentos prévios e o enunciado do gênero discursivo, criando possibilidades de internalização de novos significados durante o processo de leitura tornando o leitor falante no processo comunicativo, porque externaliza o seu pensamento de acordo com os elementos dogênero. O ensino dos gêneros desde a educação infantil cria possibilidades do leitor no ensino fundamental (séries iniciais) reelaborar os enunciados internalizados oralmente em enunciados escritos.
CONCEPÇÕES DE CASAMENTO EM REVISTAS FEMININAS BRASILEIRAS DO SÉCULO XIX
Authors: Verona Elisa Maria
Published: July 2014

O casamento foi tema amplamente discutido pela elite letrada brasileira dos oitocentos. Juristas, médicos, literatos e demais escritores mostraram-se fortemente comprometidos com a noção de que a promoção de casamentos legítimos era uma garantia segura de ordem e moralidade para a sociedade. O propósito desse estudo é analisar as concepções de casamento defendidas pelos periódicos brasileiros direcionados ao público feminino, abordando, entre outras questões, o problema dos matrimônios arranjados e dos deveres que marido e esposa deviam cumprir para o bom convívio conjugal.
O ESTADO DO PARANÁ: DA ESTRATÉGIA DE INTEGRAÇÃO ESTADUAL AOS CORREDORES BIOCEÂNICOS
Authors: Abrahão Cinthia , Caneparo Sony Cortese , Abrahão Ricardo Sena
Published: July 2014

O artigo aborda a questão do investimento na infraestrutura viária como elemento da integração territorial do estado do Paraná, por conseguinte, aspecto central na estratégia dedesenvolvimento econômico. Nas décadas que sucederam o período pós-guerra, especialmente entre os anos 1950 e 1970, fica clara a necessidade de afirmação do estadodentro do cenário nacional. Para tanto, a consolidação da rede viária exerceu papel fundamental como unificadora e viabilizadora do escoamento da produção exportável doestado através do porto de Paranaguá. A partir da crise econômica dos anos 1980 e de forma mais aprofundada na década de 1990, emergiu um novo perfil de gestão do território e de fomento do eixo de circulação consolidado no estado. A última década dos anos 2000 trouxe aportes no que se refere à unificação territorial, projetando o fortalecimento do eixo territorial originalmente definido como tronco do desenvolvimento econômico do estado do Paraná. Aabordagem aqui proposta busca destacar a relação dessa estratégia com o fortalecimento do vértice formado por Curitiba (capital) – Paranaguá (porto) em sua trajetória histórica e em sua conformação atual.
AVALIAÇÃO DA SAÚDE DE TRABALHADORES PORTUÁRIOS DO PORTO DE PARANAGUÁ/PR
Authors: Motter Arlete Ana , Nishizuka Jacqueline Emiko , Gonçalves Tatiane De Souza , Garcia Alessandra Madalena , Matsuzaki Karen Tiemi
Published: July 2014

O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer o trabalho do estivador, bem como correlacionar as condicionantes da atividade portuária com o processo saúde/doença. Esta pesquisa possuicaráter exploratório, cuja análise de dados foi quantitativa. Desenvolveu-se de dezembro de 2009 até maio de 2010 no Porto de Paranaguá/PR. Participaram 100 estivadores do sexomasculino, que responderam ao questionário elaborado para a pesquisa e aos questionários Nórdico (Pinheiro, Tróccoli e Carvalho, 2002) e de Risco de Lombalgia (Couto, 1995). Aanálise de dados evidencia precariedade das condições de trabalho, insatisfação salarial e exposição a diversos riscos, sendo 80% com risco altíssimo de lombalgia e dores em diversas partes do corpo. Em contrapartida, demonstram gostar do trabalho que realizam, por permitir certa flexibilidade.
INCLUSÃO DIGITAL DE IDOSOS NO LITORAL PARANAENSE: UMA PROPOSTA INTERDISCIPLINAR
Authors: Wanzinack Clóvis , Bertola Izabela Pichinin , Signorelli Marcos Claudio
Published: July 2014

Este artigo objetiva descrever o projeto interdisciplinar de extensão universitária “Inclusão Digital paraMelhor Idade”, que vem contribuindo tanto para o conhecimento de tecnologias digitais, diminuindo o analfabetismo digital, quanto com a socialização de idosos de Matinhos/PR, por meio de oficinas realizadas na Universidade Federal doParaná - Setor Litoral. Ametodologia empregada envolve aspectos quali e quantitativos. Para os acadêmicos, a participação vempermitindo a sensibilização de questões ligadas à terceira idade e articulação de aspectos teóricos e práticos de suas áreas, convergindo numa proposta interdisciplinar, constituindo-se em um diferencial em sua formação acadêmica.
Class War or Ethnic Cleansing? Soviet Deportations of Polish Citizens from the Eastern Provinces of Poland, 1939–1941
Authors: Wróbel Piotr J.
Published: July 2014

Between 1939 and 1941, the Soviet authorities deported hundreds of thousands of Polish citizens from Poland’s eastern province occupied by the Soviet Union at the beginning of the World War II. A large part of the deportees did not survive the “Siberian odyssey.” These tragic facts became an important element of the Polish collective memory and the national historical narrative. Yet historians disagree on how many people were deported and how many died in “the inhuman land.” Was this a class war derived from the Marxist ideology of the Soviet leaders or an ethnic cleansing related to their imperialistic strategies? The following article presents and analyzes historical and contemporary estimates, which vary between about 400,000 and over 1.5 million deportees and prisoners. The article also describes the deportations in the context of the prewar Soviet policies toward the Polish minority in the USSR and claims that
Media Clips: A Mathematical Mosaic
Authors: Lancaster Ron
Published: July 2014

Students analyze items from the media to answer mathematical questions related to the article.
Call for Manuscripts: Great Problems
Authors: Pólya George
Published: July 2014

Great problems are mathematical tasks that engage students, promote sense making, provide opportunities for student inquiry, and generate rich discussions. Share your great problems with MT readers.
Mission Impossible: How Do We Know?
Authors: Viro Julia
Published: July 2014

Proofs of impossibility—very important in the history of mathematics—can provide additional opportunities for the development of reasoning, as recommended by the Common Core State Standards.
Addressing the Standards for Mathematical Practice in a Calculus Class
Authors: Pilgrim Mary E.
Published: July 2014

A two-part calculus activity uses true-false questions and a descriptive outline designed to promote active learning.
Activities For Students: The Geometry of Tetris
Authors: Mitzel Lynn , Spanier Mark
Published: July 2014

When it was released in the mid-1980s, Tetris jump-started the video game craze, but many students of the current generation have never even seen this game, much less played it. Now, with the flood of mobile device applications, Tetris has made a comeback, and today's students have a chance to use it, too. We have found Tetris to be an engaging tool for high school geometry students to apply an isometry in context and to learn the composition of isometries. The game allows a player to rotate and translate moving pieces to create full rows anywhere on the screen.
Delving Deeper: What's So Special about 3?
Authors: Borkovitz Debra K.
Published: July 2014

A few years ago, I encountered two different problems in which the number 3 played surprising roles. I found myself wondering, “Why 3? What's so special about 3?” Further investigation led to continuous extensions involving exponents, logarithms, a parametric equation, maxmin problems, and some history of mathematics. As you read, pause to try the problems and play with the applets (the article's title is a big hint!)
Bidirectional helical motility of cytoplasmic dynein around microtubules
Authors: Can Sinan , Dewitt Mark A , Yildiz Ahmet
Published: July 2014

Cytoplasmic dynein is a molecular motor responsible for minus-end-directed cargo transport along microtubules (MTs). Dynein motility has previously been studied on surface-immobilized MTs in vitro, which constrains the motors to move in two dimensions. In this study, we explored dynein motility in three dimensions using an MT bridge assay. We found that dynein moves in a helical trajectory around the MT, demonstrating that it generates torque during cargo transport. Unlike other cytoskeletal motors that produce torque in a specific direction, dynein generates torque in either direction, resulting in bidirectional helical motility. Dynein has a net preference to move along a right-handed helical path, suggesting that the heads tend to bind to the closest tubulin binding site in the forward direction when taking sideways steps. This bidirectional helical motility may allow dynein to avoid roadblocks in dense cytoplasmic environments during cargo transport.
Effects of Somatic Dysfunction on Leg Length and Weight Bearing
Authors: Qureshi Yasmin , Kusienski Andrew , Bemski Julienne L. , Luksch John R. , Knowles Lacy G.
Published: July 2014

Context: Somatic dysfunctions of the pelvis, sacrum, and lumbar spine are common. Their association with leg length discrepancies has been observed; however, it is unclear which dysfunctions lead to mild changes in leg length or weight bearing distribution in asymptomatic individuals.

Objectives: To determine which somatic dysfunctions of the pelvic, sacral, and lumbar spine lead to minor leg length discrepancies and weight-bearing differences and to determine which of these dysfunctions are most common in the asymptomatic population.

Methods: Asymptomatic participants between the ages of 18 and 40 years without a recent history of trauma were enrolled. Participants were measured from the anterior superior iliac spine to the medial malleolus; only those with mild leg length discrepancies (less than a quarter inch) were included. Weight-bearing distribution through each lower extremity was measured on a quadruped scale. Participants were then evaluated for somatic dysfunctions of the pelvis, sacrum, and lower lumbar spine.

Results: Ninety-eight participants completed the study. The most common somatic dysfunctions were superior innominate shears, left-on-left sacral torsions, and right rotated lower lumbar spine segments. Several statistically significant associations were found. Most participants with right anterior innominate dysfunctions exhibited an ipsilateral longer leg and a contralateral shorter leg when measured in the supine position (P=.05). Participants with a left superior shear tended to exhibit a shorter left leg in the supine position (P=.05). For sacral somatic dysfunctions, participants with a left-on-left sacral torsion tended to exhibit a shorter left leg while standing (P=.02). In addition, a statistically significant association was found between right anterior innominate rotation dysfunctions and weight-bearing differences (P=.02). A greater percentage of patients with a right anterior innominate dysfunction bore more weight through their left lower extremity (45%).

Conclusion: Specific pelvic and sacral somatic dysfunctions have the potential to influence leg lengths, leading to mild disparities in length and in weight-bearing distribution through the lower extremities. (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT01097109)
Multitasking Behaviors of Osteopathic Medical Students
Authors: Shah Ankit V. , Mullens Dustin J. , Van Duyn Lindsey J. , Januchowski Ronald P.
Published: July 2014

Context:To the authors' knowledge, few studies have investigated the relationship between electronic media multitasking by undergraduate and graduate students during lecture and their academic performance, and reports that have looked into this behavior have neglected to investigate factors that may influence students' multitasking during lecture.

Objective:To determine the extent to which medical students multitask during lecture; the types of multitasking; the frequency of multitasking and factors that influence frequency; and the correlation between multitasking and knowledge acquisition as assessed by a postlecture quiz.

Methods:A 1-page survey assessing students' multitasking behavior was administered to 125 second-year students at Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine and collected at the onset of a standard 50-minute lecture. On completion of the 50-minute lecture, an unannounced 10-question multiple-choice quiz was given to assess knowledge acquisition during those lectures. On a separate date, after a standard 50-minute lecture, a second quiz was administered.

Results:The 1-page survey revealed that 98% of students check e-mail, 81% use social media, and 74% study for another class. Students spent the most time studying for another class (23 minutes) followed by using social media (13 minutes) and checking e-mail (7 minutes). The most influential factors behind multitasking were examination schedule (91%), lecturer (90%), and the number of lectures in the day (65%). The mean score for quiz 1 (the day after an examination) was 75%, and the mean score for quiz 2 (the day before an examination) was 60%.

Conclusion:Multitasking during lecture is prominent among medical students, and examination schedule is the most influential factor. Although a robust drop in mean score on a lecture-based, unannounced quiz was identified 1 day before a scheduled examination, the effect from multitasking on this process remains unclear.
Rainfall‐aerosol relationships explained by wet scavenging and humidity
Authors: Grandey Benjamin S. , Gururaj Anisha , Stier Philip , Wagner Till M.
Published: July 2014

Relationships between precipitation rate and aerosol optical depth, the extinction of light by aerosol in an atmospheric column, have been observed in satellite‐retrieved data. What are the reasons for these precipitation‐aerosol relationships? We investigate relationships between convective precipitation rate (Rconv) and aerosol optical depth (τtot) using the ECHAM5‐HAM aerosol‐climate model. We show that negative Rconv‐τtot relationships arise due to wet scavenging of aerosol. The apparent lack of negative Rconv‐τtot relationships in satellite‐retrieved data is likely because the satellite data do not sample wet scavenging events. When convective wet scavenging is excluded in the model, we find positive Rconv‐τtot relationships in regions where convective precipitation is the dominant form of model precipitation. The spatial distribution of these relationships is in good agreement with satellite‐based results. We further demonstrate that a substantial component of these positive relationships arises due to covariation with large‐scale relative humidity. Although the interpretation of precipitation‐aerosol relationships remains a challenging question, we suggest that progress can be made through a synergy between observations and models.
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: Selective Surface Functionalization for Optimal Relaxometric and Drug Loading Performances
Authors: Bouchoucha Meryem , C.‐Gaudreault René , Fortin Marc‐André , Kleitz Freddy
Published: July 2014

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have emerged as promising biomaterials for drug delivery and cell tracking applications, for which MRI is the medical imaging modality of choice. In this contribution, MRI contrast agents (DTPA‐Gd) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) are grafted selectively at the surface of MSNs, in order to achieve optimal relaxometric and drug loading performances. In fact, DTPA and PEG grafting procedures reported until now, have resulted in significant pore obstruction, which is detrimental to the drug delivery function of MSNs. This usually induces a dramatic decrease in surface area and pore volume, thus limiting drug loading capacity. Therefore, these molecules must be selectively grafted at the outer surface of MSNs. In this study, 3D pore network MSNs (MCM‐48‐type) are synthesized and functionalized with a straightforward and efficient grafting procedure in which DTPA and PEG are selectively grafted at the outer surface of MSNs. No pore blocking is observed, and more than 90% of surface area, pore volume and pore diameter are retained. The thus‐treated particles are colloidally stable in SBF and cell culture media, they are not cytotoxic and they have high drug loading capacity. Upon labeling with Gd, the nanoparticle suspensions have strong relaxometric properties (r2/r1 = 1.47, r1 = 23.97 mM−1 s−1), which confers a remarkable positive contrast enhancement potential to the compound. The particles could serve as efficient drug carriers, as demonstrated with a model of daunorubicin submitted to physiological conditions. The selective nanoparticle surface grafting procedures described in the present article represent a significant advance in the design of high colloidal stability silica‐based vectors with high drug loading capacity, which could provide novel theranostic nanocompounds.
2D Electron Gas with 100% Spin‐Polarization in the (LaMnO3)2/(SrTiO3)2 Superlattice under Uniaxial Strain
Authors: Cossu F. , Jilili J. , Schwingenschlögl U.
Published: July 2014

By first‐principles calculations we investigate the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of the (LaMnO3)2/(SrTiO3)2 superlattice. We find that a monoclinic C2h symmetry is energetically favorable and that the spins order ferromagnetically. Under both compressive and tensile uniaxial strain the electronic structure of the superlattice shows a half‐metallic character. In particular, a fully spin‐polarized two‐dimensional electron gas, which traces back to the Ti 3dxy orbitals, is achieved under compressive uniaxial strain.
Double‐Emulsion Globules as a Tool to Produce 2D Patterned Metal Deposits Using Electro‐Colloidal Lithography
Authors: Faure Chrystel , Leal‐Calderon Fernando , Saadaoui Hassan
Published: July 2014

A technique developed to self assemble solid colloidal particles under a sinusoidal electric field (AC field) is adapted to soft W/O/W double‐emulsion globules, and is exploited for surface patterning. Double‐emulsions containing cupric ions are prepared, placed between two planar ITO electrodes and submitted to a transversal AC field which induced their ordering into hexagonal 2D‐arrays. The characteristic spacing is monitored by varying the globule volume fraction. Such self‐assembly is used to fabricate copper‐depleted arrays, using globules as both a metal precursor reservoir/provider and as a mask. The ordered globule monolayer is then submitted to a DC field to induce metal precursor leakage and its reduction onto the electrode. The organized, oily and dielectric globules generate arrays of holes (c.a. 7 μm) into a thin copper deposit (thickness of 12 nm). Holes are shown to be formed below the globules, and their separation (from 10 to 30 μm) can be tuned as deduced from direct observations using optical and atomic force microscopy.
Some evidence for health‐related marriage selection
Authors: Lipowicz Anna
Published: July 2014

Objectives

Married people live longer and are healthier than unmarried people. This can be explained in terms of marriage protection and marriage selection. The aim of the present study was to examine the direct effect of marriage selection on health status.

Methods

Data were collected from the archives of the Lower Silesian Medical Center (DOLMED) in Wrocław, Poland. The sample consisted of 2,265 adult (never married or currently married) men. Subjects were assigned to categories for selected variables, including age, level of education, military category upon conscription, height, hearing acuity, and visual acuity. Military category, objective data gathered upon military conscription at age 18, was used to assess initial health status. To identify any relationships between marital status and health status, generalized linear models with binomially distributed dependent variable were used.

Results

The never‐married subjects were more likely to have been assigned to lower military categories, which indicates that their health status at age 18 was inferior to those conscripts who would later marry. Hearing acuity and visual acuity were generally worse in never‐married subjects than in married subjects. Never‐married subjects were also more likely to be short and less likely to be tall.

Conclusions

The results provide evidence for direct health‐related marriage selection in men between 25 and 60 years of age. Poor health status reduces the likelihood of marriage. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:747–752, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of age on DNA concentration from whole saliva: Implications for the standard isolation method
Authors: Gassó Patricia , Pagerols Mireia , Flamarique Itziar , Castro‐Fornieles Josefina , Rodriguez Natalia , Mas Sergi , Curran Sarah , Aitchison Katherine , Santosh Paramala , Lafuente Amalia ,   The Stop Consortium
Published: July 2014

Objectives

Adequate quantity and quality of the DNA isolated from saliva samples are crucial for ensuring successful genotyping rates in genetic studies. However, there is little information about these issues when saliva samples are collected from children. The objectives of this study were to assess whether there are differences in DNA quality or quantity isolated from saliva samples of children at different ages and adolescents compared to adults and, if so, to establish a modified protocol to improve and standardize DNA isolation from saliva samples of children.

Methods

Saliva samples were collected with Oragene DNA Sample Collection Kit from 41 healthy subjects including children of different ages, adolescents, and adults. Quantity and quality of isolated DNA were determined spectrophotometrically.

Results

DNA concentration and age were positively correlated (r = 0.676, P < 0.001). A high percentage of samples from children below 12 years yielded DNA concentrations <100 ng/µL and DNA quality a260/a280 ratios of <1.8. Modifying the standard DNA isolation method raised DNA quantity and quality in these critical samples.

Conclusions

Age determines, at least in part, the high variability observed in the concentration of DNA isolated from saliva samples. This fact should be taken into account for a better standardization of the DNA isolation to ensure DNA banking in large‐scale genetic studies involving children. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:859–862, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Developing estimates of frequency and intensity of exposure to three types of metalworking fluids in a population‐based case–control study of bladder cancer
Authors: Friesen Melissa C. , Park Dong‐Uk , Colt Joanne S. , Baris Dalsu , Schwenn Molly , Karagas Margaret R. , Armenti Karla R. , Johnson Alison , Silverman Debra T. , Stewart Patricia A.
Published: July 2014

Background

A systematic, transparent, and data‐driven approach was developed to estimate frequency and intensity of exposure to straight, soluble, and synthetic/semi‐synthetic metalworking fluids (MWFs) within a case–control study of bladder cancer in New England.

Methods

We assessed frequency using individual‐level information from job‐specific questionnaires wherever possible, then derived and applied job group‐level patterns to likely exposed jobs with less information. Intensity estimates were calculated using a statistical model developed from measurements and determinants extracted from the published literature.

Results

For jobs with probabilities of exposure ≥0.5, median frequencies were 8–10 hr/week, depending on MWF type. Median intensities for these jobs were 2.5, 2.1, and 1.0 mg/m3 for soluble, straight, and synthetic/semi‐synthetic MWFs, respectively.

Conclusions

Compared to case‐by‐case assessment, these data‐driven decision rules are transparent and reproducible and may result in less biased estimates. These rules can also aid future exposure assessments of MWFs in population‐based studies. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:915–927, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Two‐Photon Probe for Near‐Membrane Zinc Ions
Authors: Rathore Kailash , Lim Chang Su , Lee Young , Park Hee Jung , Cho Bong Rae
Published: July 2014

A two‐photon probe for near‐membrane zinc ions that can be excited by 800 nm femtosecond laser pulses and emit at 500 nm is reported. The probe can be easily loaded into cells and tissue slices to visualize near‐membrane zinc ions in live cells and tissues for a long period of time through the use of two‐photon microscopy.
The development of an instrument to measure global dimensions of maternal care in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: McCormack K. , Howell B.R. , Guzman D. , Villongco C. , Pears K. , Kim H. , Gunnar M.R. , Sanchez M.M.
Published: July 2014

One of the strongest predictors of healthy child development is the quality of maternal care. Although many measures of observation and self‐report exist in humans to assess global aspects of maternal care, such qualitative measures are lacking in nonhuman primates. In this study, we developed an instrument to measure global aspects of maternal care in rhesus monkeys, with the goal of complementing the individual behavioral data collected using a well‐established rhesus macaque ethogram during the first months postpartum. The 22 items of the instrument were adapted from human maternal sensitivity assessments and a maternal Q‐sort instrument already published for macaques. The 22 items formed four dimensions with high levels of internal reliability that represented major constructs of maternal care: (1) Sensitivity/Responsivity, (2) Protectiveness, (3) Permissiveness, and (4) Irritability. These dimensions yielded high construct validity when correlated with mother–infant frequency and duration behavior that was collected from focal observations across the first 3 postnatal months. In addition, comparisons of two groups of mothers (Maltreating vs. Competent mothers) showed significant differences across the dimensions suggesting that this instrument has strong concurrent validity, even after controlling for focal observation variables that have been previously shown to significantly differentiate these groups. Our findings suggest that this Instrument of Macaque Maternal Care has the potential to capture global aspects of the mother–infant relationship that complement individual behaviors collected through focal observations. Am. J. Primatol. 77:20–33, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sinonasal eosinophilic angiocentric fibrosis: A systematic review
Authors: Fang Christina H. , Mady Leila J. , Mirani Neena M. , Baredes Soly , Eloy Jean Anderson
Published: July 2014

Background

Eosinophilic angiocentric fibrosis (EAF) is a benign rare lesion of the upper respiratory mucosa. EAF most commonly presents with an obstructive nasal mass. Due to the rarity of EAF, case reports and case studies have predominated the literature. This systematic review discusses the demographics, clinical presentation, associated findings, management, and outcomes of this uncommon entity.

Methods

The PubMed database was searched for all articles describing patients diagnosed with sinonasal EAF. Additional cases were examined from the bibliographies of selected articles. Demographics, clinical presentation, associated findings, radiography, management, and outcome were analyzed.

Results

Fifty‐two cases were included from 34 articles, including 1 case from our institution. The most common presenting symptom was nasal obstruction (78.8%). Fourteen patients (26.9%) had a previous history of nasal surgery or trauma. Surgical resection alone was the most commonly used primary treatment approach (50.0%), resulting in the greatest proportion of disease‐free patients (55.6%) over a median follow‐up period of 36 months. A combination of surgery and corticosteroids was the second‐most‐common treatment modality, used in 28.8% of cases. Of the 40 cases reporting patient outcomes, 100% of patients were alive at follow‐up independent of treatment modality.

Conclusion

To date, this review contains the largest number of patients with sinonasal EAF. Aggressive surgical resection alone constitutes the most common treatment modality and may be most effective at eradicating disease.