bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Procedure Based on Semantic Similarity for Merging Ontologies by Non-Redundant Knowledge Enrichment
Authors: Rangel Carlos Ramón , Altamiranda Junior , Cerrada Mariela , Aguilar Jose
Published: August 2018

The merging procedures of two ontologies are mostly related to the enrichment of one of the input ontologies, i.e. the knowledge of the aligned concepts from one ontology are copied into the other ontology. As a consequence, the resulting new ontology extends the original knowledge of the base ontology, but the unaligned concepts of the other ontology are not considered in the new extended ontology. On the other hand, there are experts-aided semi-automatic approaches to accomplish the task of including the knowledge that is left out from the resulting merged ontology and debugging the possible concept redundancy. With the aim of facing the posed necessity of including all the knowledge of the ontologies to be merged without redundancy, this article proposes an automatic approach for merging ontologies, which is based on semantic similarity measures and exhaustive searching along of the closest concepts. The authors' approach was compared to other merging algorithms, and good results are obtained in terms of completeness, relationships and properties, without creating redundancy.
Influence of Behavioral Intentions, Affective Trust and Affective Commitment on Knowledge Sharing Behavior
Authors: Dey Toshali , Mukhopadhyay Susmita
Published: August 2018

This article describes how with the growing importance of knowledge in today's competitive environment, it becomes vital for organizations to unfold all the strategies for implementation of a successful knowledge management system. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of knowledge sharing intention (KSI) and affective trust (AT) on knowledge sharing (KS) behaviour of employees. Additionally, the mediating influence of affective commitment (AC) of the employees in this relationship is also studied. This study uses data from a sample of 246 managers in Indian private sector firms and employs Structural Equation Modelling approach to test the proposed hypotheses. The findings of this study show that contrary to the results of prior research, BI does not affect KS behaviour directly. Rather, it acts indirectly through AC, which is necessary for increasing employees' loyalty and willingness to share their knowledge. Moreover, the results indicated that AT has an indirect influence on employees' KS behaviour via KSI. Implications and limitations and future scope of the study have also been discussed.
Knowledge Transfer from International Consultants to Local Partners
Authors: Nguyen Son Ngoc , Islam Nazrul
Published: August 2018

Inspired by the fact that local partners acquire substantial knowledge from foreign consultants, an empirical study has been conducted on four metro construction projects in Vietnam to assess the knowledge transfer in practice. The process and results have been recorded in this article. A two-stage model has been developed and tested by using data obtained from 130 respondents. The first stage demonstrates that there are at least six factors affecting the knowledge transfer from foreign consultants to local partners. The second stage shows that acquired knowledge helps to improve the performance of the local partners. In addition to well-known determinants such as the transferor's willingness, capacity to transfer, the learner's intent and capability to learn, the results of the study provide the evidence to confirm the important roles of knowledge-related factors and environment-related factors. Furthermore, this study enriches the literature on knowledge transfer by adding a look into a specific context of consulting services.
Practices and Attitudes to Environmental Management in the Hotel Industry
Authors: Grigoroudis Evangelos
Published: August 2018

The dynamic presence and intensification of tourism has created several negative environmental impacts and have made it one of the industries with the widest range of environmental pressures, calling for a more sustainable course in the future. In this article, in order to respond to the increasing level of environmental concerns of tourists, as well as to the new economic environment, several initiatives as well as environmental management systems (EMSs) are developed for tourism enterprises. EMS applications offer several benefits to the committed organizations, however, the lack of resources and knowledge often poses difficulties in developing and sustaining international EMS. The tourism industry includes two main activities: housing and transportation. The present article concerns housing and its impact on the environment. It also addresses the factors that influence corporate environmental management by identifying the motives and benefits, as well as the difficulties in improving the environmental performance of hotels. The article focuses on Greece and more specifically on the Region of Crete. The article has been based on a questionnaire survey, while the results and conclusions have been based on statistical analysis of the collected information.
Left Foot on Traditional Literacy, and Right, on Transliteracy
Authors: Yang Shizhou
Published: August 2018

Recently, Cosmopolitan English and Transliteracy won the 2018 Research Impact Award from the Conference on College Composition and Communication (CCCC), the largest international organization that specializes in the teaching and studies of composition. This recognition seems to signal a turn to transliteracy education, i.e., English writing education should embrace a vision and actual pedagogical practices of cultivating citizens of the world who use English ethically. The purposes of this article are threefold: to define transliteracy, to provide illustrative studies, and to propose its application in foreign language contexts. The author suggests that in designing innovative programs sensitive to various English styles teachers need to strike a balance between traditional literacy and transliteracy. New ways of implementing such literacies in some alternate space, as mediated by modern communication technologies, especially the Internet, are provided.
The Adaptation of Architecture to the Climate during the Roman Period According to Classical Authors
Authors: Burch Josep , Prat Marc
Published: August 2018

In this paper we will study the relationship between climate and Roman architecture. Specifically, we will analyse the adaptation of Roman architecture to the climate. There are a lot of studies about Roman architecture but only a few focus on climate during the Roman Period. However, the adaptation of architecture is a question which has not been widely studied. In order to achieve this aim we have used the essays written by ancient authors: Pliny the Younger, Columella, Cato, Palladius, Varro and, above all, Vitruvius. In their writings they didn’t talk much about this question. However, they are not totally silent about it either. In certain paragraphs, they explained how to adapt the architecture, among other things, to the climate, through the position of the building.
Adaptive-Curvature Structures with Auxetic Materials
Authors: Naboni Roberto , Sartori Stefano , Mirante Lorenzo
Published: August 2018

Advancements in computational tools are offering designers the possibility to change their relationship with materials and establishing new synergies between matter, form and behaviour. This work explores this paradigm by introducing the use of auxetic metamaterials, specifically engineered to obtain properties beyond those found in nature, to generate structures with adaptive curvature obtained from planar construction elements. It is discussed how through programming an initial geometry with the strategic negotiation of several geometrical parameters it is possible to control finely the structural and morphological features of a structure. The paper presents approach, tools and methods for designing auxetics for large scale applications, and use them to create heterogeneous active-bending structures.
Flussbad Berlin Re-Naturalization Project for the Spree River in the Museum Island
Authors: Marotta Irene
Published: August 2018

This article considers the issues of the re-naturalization of riverbanks and the urban regeneration of historic centres while focussing on the Flussbad Berlin, a project of sustainable redevelopment of the Spree River, around the Museum Island, which today is the focus of major city debate. Spree River is considered as a public space, an important resource that concerns the whole city. For the project, the historic centre is the main place to combine hot topics pertaining to the contemporary society such as ecology, environmental sustainability, concertation, and public-private collaboration. Berlin is conceived as a «dialogic city» where diverse sites and activities can express themselves and interact productively.
Modelling the influence of crowd control railings on the Kiss nightclub evacuation
Authors: Hennemann Guilherme Günther , Gil Augusto M. , Bolina Fabrício L. , Rodrigues Eduardo E.C. , Tutikian Bernardo F. , Braga George C.B.
Published: August 2018

Fires in crowded gathering places such as nightclubs generate imminent risks to people’s lives, as supported by historical facts. Building evacuation is defined as fundamental to prevent the occurrence of a tragedy. In the Kiss nightclub fire, many people could not reach the exit because of the controlling rails positioned in front of exit doors, as pointed-out by firefighters and survivors. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of these barriers in the escaping of Kiss nightclub, using computerassisted simulation. Four simulations were run, considering two types of capacity, each one with and without the rails. As preliminary analyses, the simulations presented a reduction of nearly 50% of the total time for the nightclub evacuation without the rails, confirming the barriers as a factor that considerably increased evacuation time of the nightclub occupants.
What makes theological education "theological"? A South African story on the -integrity of theological education
Authors: Robinson P.J. , Smit D.J.
Published: August 2018

What makes theological education "theological"? A South Arican story on the iniegrity of theological educationDavid Tracy claims that the contemporary emergence of a sociological imagination is as crucial for theological self-consciousness as the earlierrise of historical consciousness among theologians. The authors are of the opinion that the rapid and fundamental social changes in South African society over the past few years have accelerated this "emergence of a sociological imagination" amongst South African theologians. In three sections, they point to three clusters of questions that have therefore become increasingly important, namely questions related to the growing awareness of the crucial role of social location or context, questions arising from a growing acknowledgement of public responsibility, andquestions concerning the integrity of theological education, i.e. the question on what makes theological education "theological".
A word with the rich (James 5:1-6) - Part II
Authors: Alana O E
Published: August 2018

This second and concluding part of this essay on “A word with the rich”, focuses on the social and historical milieu of the  Letter of James with a view to appreciating the cultural context giving rise to the apostrophe handed down on the rich by the author of the letter. The texts containing  the apostrophe are examined and the challenges they pose to the rich are explored for recommendation to today’s rich.
The Biblical exegesis of headship: A challenge to Patriarchal understanding that impinges on women’s rights in the church and society
Authors: Baloyi E
Published: August 2018

The aim of this paper is to try and find out the real meaning of man’ s (male) headship of women, since that can help us to define the deep meaning of gender equality.  A brief historical background will be followed by exegetical remarks on Ephesians 5:21-22 which is one of the texts that explains something about the concept of “headship of man”. Secondly, the meaning will help us to shape our understanding as to how we should handle the issue of women’ s rights and gender equality in  African Christian churches and families.  The challenges that are faced by women because of the misunderstanding of the concept of headship will also be discussed. The movement of feminist theology and other movements are becoming vocal in African countries, because women feel that it is the church and the Bible which promote the subjection of women. Fiorenza (1986:67) says that oppression of women in society is a result of Christian male sexist theology.
An Endpoint Alexandrov Bakelman Pucci Estimate in the Plane
Authors: Steinerberger Stefan
Published: August 2018

The classical Alexandrov–Bakelman–Pucci estimate for the Laplacian states $$\begin{eqnarray}\max _{x\in \unicode[STIX]{x03A9}}|u(x)|\leqslant \max _{x\in \unicode[STIX]{x2202}\unicode[STIX]{x03A9}}|u(x)|+c_{s,n}\text{diam}(\unicode[STIX]{x03A9})^{2-\frac{n}{s}}\Vert \unicode[STIX]{x0394}u\Vert _{L^{s}(\unicode[STIX]{x03A9})},\end{eqnarray}$$ where $\unicode[STIX]{x03A9}\subset \mathbb{R}^{n}$, $u\in C^{2}(\unicode[STIX]{x03A9})\cap C(\overline{\unicode[STIX]{x03A9}})$ and $s>n/2$. The inequality fails for $s=n/2$. A Sobolev embedding result of Milman and Pustylnik, originally phrased in a slightly different context, implies an endpoint inequality: if $n\geqslant 3$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x03A9}\subset \mathbb{R}^{n}$ is bounded, then $$\begin{eqnarray}\max _{x\in \unicode[STIX]{x03A9}}|u(x)|\leqslant \max _{x\in \unicode[STIX]{x2202}\unicode[STIX]{x03A9}}|u(x)|+c_{n}\Vert \unicode[STIX]{x0394}u\Vert _{L^{\frac{n}{2},1}(\unicode[STIX]{x03A9})},\end{eqnarray}$$ where $L^{p,q}$ is the Lorentz space refinement of $L^{p}$. This inequality fails for $n=2$, and we prove a sharp substitute result: there exists $c>0$ such that for all $\unicode[STIX]{x03A9}\subset \mathbb{R}^{2}$ with finite measure, $$\begin{eqnarray}\max _{x\in \unicode[STIX]{x03A9}}|u(x)|\leqslant \max _{x\in \unicode[STIX]{x2202}\unicode[STIX]{x03A9}}|u(x)|+c\max _{x\in \unicode[STIX]{x03A9}}\int _{y\in \unicode[STIX]{x03A9}}\max \left\{1,\log \left(\frac{|\unicode[STIX]{x03A9}|}{\Vert x-y\Vert ^{2}}\right)\right\}|\unicode[STIX]{x0394}u(y)|dy.\end{eqnarray}$$ This is somewhat dual to the classical Trudinger–Moser inequality; we also note that it is sharper than the usual estimates given in Orlicz spaces; the proof is rearrangement-free. The Laplacian can be replaced by any uniformly elliptic operator in divergence form.
Development and characterisation of a new fluorescence sensor for online monitoring of bioprocesses
Authors: König Jan C. , Steinwedel Tobias , Solle Dörte , Lindner Patrick , de Vries Ingo , Hentrop Thorleif , Findeis Michael , John Gernot T. , Scheper Thomas , Beutel Sascha
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Fluorescence spectroscopy is a highly sensitive and non-invasive technique for the identification of characteristic process states and for the online monitoring of substrate and product concentrations. Nevertheless, fluorescence sensors are mainly used in academic studies and are not well implemented for monitoring of industrial production processes. In this work, we present a newly developed robust online fluorescence sensor that facilitates the analysis of fluorescence measurements. The set-up of the sensor was miniaturised and realised without any moveable part to be robust enough for application in technical environments. It was constructed to measure only the three most important biologic fluorophores (tryptophan, NADH and FAD/FMN), resulting in a significant data reduction compared to conventional a 2-D fluorescence spectrometer. The sensor performance was evaluated by calibration curves and selectivity tests. The measuring ranges were determined as 0.5–50 µmol L−1 for NADH and 0.0025–7.5 µmol L−1 for BSA and riboflavin. Online monitoring of batch cultivations of wild-type Escherichia coli K1 in a 10 L bioreactor scale were performed. The data sets were analysed using principal component analysis and partial least square regression. The recorded fluorescence data were successfully used to predict the biomass of an independent cultivation (RMSEP 4.6 %).
Dynamic modelling of weathering rates – Is there any benefit over steady-state modelling?
Authors: Kronnäs Veronika , Akselsson Cecilia , Belyazid Salim
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Weathering rates are of considerable importance in estimating the acidification sensitivity and recovery capacity of soil, and are thus important in the assessment of the sustainability of forestry in a time of changing climate and growing demands for forestry products. In this study, we modelled rates of weathering in mineral soil at two forested sites in southern Sweden included in the SWETHRO monitoring network using two models. The aims were to determine whether the dynamic model ForSAFE gives comparable weathering rates as the steady-state model PROFILE, and whether the ForSAFE model provided useful extra information on weathering behaviour. The average weathering rates calculated with ForSAFE were very similar to those calculated with PROFILE for the two modelled sites. The differences between the models regarding the weathering of certain soil layers seemed to be due mainly to differences in calculated soil moisture. The weathering rates provided by ForSAFE vary seasonally with temperature and soil moisture, as well as on longer time scales, depending on environmental changes. Long-term variations due to environmental changes can be seen in the ForSAFE results, for example: the weathering of silicate minerals is suppressed under acidified conditions due to elevated aluminium concentration in the soil, whereas the weathering of apatite is accelerated by acidification. The weathering of both silicates and apatite is predicted to be enhanced by increasing temperature during the 21st century. In this part of southern Sweden, precipitation is assumed to be similar to today’s level during the next forest rotation. However, in parts of Sweden with projected decreasing soil moisture, weathering might not increase despite increasing temperature. These results show that the dynamic ForSAFE model can be used for weathering rate calculations and that it gives average results comparable to those from the PROFILE model. However, dynamic modelling provides extra information on the variation in weathering rates with time, and offers much better possibilities for scenario modelling.
Littérature de combat chez Mongo Béti ou le choix d’un réalisme militant
Authors: Pam Bocar Aly
Published: August 2018

Les œuvres de fiction, on le sait, reposent principalement sur l’imagination. Pour autant, elles ne s’enracinent pas moins dans la réalité sociale dont elles aident ainsi à réfléchir les problèmes en les mettant en scène dans leurs moindres manifestations. « Le roman est un miroir formidable qui permet aux gens de prendre conscience d’eux-mêmes, de réfléchir sur leur condition et sur leur société. Ceci quelle que soit la situation du pays ». Telle était l’esthétique défendue par Mongo Béti pour dire qu’il y a toujours un rapport entre Histoire et littérature, réel et esthétique. 

Fortement tirée de l’environnement social et de la vie quotidienne en général, l’œuvre de Béti offre souvent des espaces textuels qui se confondent avec les espaces de vie de son auteur. 

Le matériau romanesque découle de la mise en commun d’éléments textuels et extratextuels qui constituent ce que Jauss nomme l’arrière-plan référentiel qui s’inscrit dans le texte comme cet ensemble de signes reconnaissables et identifiables par le lecteur. D’où de multiples éléments de création servant à la fois de référence au réel et au référent fictionnel. 

La société politique et sociale de la fiction mise en scène par Mongo Béti semble souligner des points qui méritent d’être analysés afin appréhender la « marque de fabrique » de l’écriture bétienne. Celle-ci recoupe l’idée de progrès par son engagement ou la critique sociale, la production d’une vision du monde qui se veut précise et exhaustive (d’où le réalisme). Tels sont certains des aspects à élucider à travers Branle-bas en noir et blancetHistoire du fou.
Datives, data and dialect syntax in American English
Authors: Wood Jim , Zanuttini Raffaella
Published: August 2018

In this paper, we present a detailed case study of a number of dative constructions that vary across speakers of American English. We show how geographical maps of acceptability judgments can be used to shed light on the syntactic structures underlying those judgments. Those structures can then be used to refine our understanding of syntax more generally, in this case relating to the features of argument-introducing heads. We provide novel support for the low applicative analysis of the Personal Dative construction, on the grounds that this analysis falls in line with a general, somewhat surprising conclusion about Southern American English: that ApplP may occur not just as the complement of a verb, but also as the subject of a small clause or the complement of a preposition. We propose that this wider distribution follows from a featural difference between ApplP in Northern and Southern varieties: that low ApplP in Southern American English is not categorially distinct from ordinary DPs. We then show that even though Personal Datives have spread outside of the South, they have not taken this basic structure with them. Instead, Northern varieties adopting the Personal Dative have made a minimal modification to their existing Appl heads, to accommodate the Personal Dative without adopting the full range of dative constructions found in the South.
Análise da temperatura aparente dos elementos da paisagem da microbacia Pedra do Índio em Alta Floresta-MT
Authors: Caioni Charles , Neves Sandra Mara Alves da Silva , Cochev Jakeline Santos
Published: August 2018

Tanto o desflorestamento quanto mudanças do uso da terra podem contribuir para a ocorrência de mudanças no clima local e regional. A redução da cobertura vegetal pode implicar na intensificação da seca, mediante ao aumento da temperatura aparente. Nesta conjectura, objetivou-se analisar a temperatura aparente da Microbacia Pedra do Índio (MPI), bem como sua associação com os diferentes usos/cobertura da terra. Para a elaboração dos mapas temáticos utilizou-se uma imagem LANDSAT (sensor TM), datada em 13/06/2010.A partir dos procedimentos de georeferenciamento, segmentação e classificação (executados no software SPRING) obteve-se das bandas 3, 4 e 5 os diferentes usos/cobertura, e da banda 6 a temperatura aparate. A pastagem consistiu no principal uso da terra na MPI, seguido da cobertura florestal. Houveram associações entre a temperatura aparente e os diferentes os usos da terra, ocorrendo os menores valores térmicos para ambientes hídricos e florestais, e maiores para áreas de pastagem plantada e solo exposto. Mediante a importância dos remanescentes florestais na perpetuação da disponibilidade hídrica da MPI, recomenda-se adoção de medidas que assegurem a proteção/conservação dessas áreas.
Titanium And Iron Analysis In Eye Shadows And Blushes By Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Technique
Authors: Ferreira Diego De Dio , Appoloni Carlos Roberto
Published: August 2018

O objetivo desse trabalho foi estimar a densidade superficial de titânio e ferro em sombras e blushes utilizando Fluorescência de Raios X por Dispersão em Energia e determiner outros elementos presentes em amostras de sombras e blushes de três marcas diferentes. Um sistema portátil de EDXRF foi utilizado para analisar 36 amostras de sombras e 7 amostras de blushes. A quantificação foi por meio de curvas com padrões de titânio e ferro, com densidade superficial de 47,9 mg/cm2, do tipo filme fino, depositados em membranas de policarbonato, ambas da MicroMatter Inc. A densidade superficial do titânio e do ferro foi medida em todas asamostras analisadas, a razão titânio/ferro foi calculada e outros elementos, além desses, foram determinados.
NATURAL CONSERVATION ATTACHED TO THE USE OF MICROORGANISMS
Authors: Stefanello Raquel Facco , Fries Leadir Lycy Martins , Copetti Marina Venturini
Published: August 2018

Os pães fazem parte da nossa alimentação básica, salvo raras exceções. Atualmente estamos envolvidos por uma variedade tão grande de marcas e produtos que acabamos optando pelo item que corresponde ao nosso desejo imediato de consumo. Os consumidores, por sua vez, estão mais preocupados com sua alimentação e procuram alimentos mais saudáveis e com o mínimo de conservantes possível. Dessa forma as indústrias necessitam inovar e lançar opções mais naturais para satisfazer essas atuais mudanças. Contudo, ainda se faz necessário aliar a pesquisa com a tecnologia para elaborar produtos que atendam essa nova realidade. Essa revisão traz consigo o objetivo de informar sobre a bioconservação utilizando micro-organismos produtores de substâncias antimicrobianas a fim de sensibilizar as indústrias e os potenciais consumidores a respeito de alguns estudos sobre produtos elaborados com bioconservantes.
Application and comparison of numerical methods in the solution of systems of linear equations in space trusses problems
Authors: Souza Luiz Antonio Farani de , Martins Rodrigo Dos Santos Veloso , Xavier Juliana Castanon , Porto Johannes Hosp
Published: August 2018

Uma das aplicações interessantes da engenharia civil é a treliça espacial, um elemento tridimensional, particularmente utilizado como cobertura para estruturas industriais e comerciais, cobrindo grandes áreas abertas com poucos ou nenhum apoio interno. Este artigo tem como objetivo comparar diferentes métodos numéricos implementados computacionalmente para a solução do sistema de equações lineares gerado da iteração de Newton-Raphson no processo incremental. A solução numérica de tais sistemas lineares écomputacionalmente onerosa, portanto é do nosso interesse determinar quais métodos numéricos melhor se adéquam ao problema. Para comparar o custo computacional dos algoritmos, um estudo da complexidade é realizado. Simulações numéricas com o programa Matlab são feitas de problemas de treliças espaciais com comportamento não linear geométrico. O sistema de equações não lineares é solucionado com o método de Newton-Raphson Padrão associado a técnica de continuação Comprimento de Arco Linear. As estruturassão discretizadas por meio do método dos Elementos Finitos Posicional, cujas variáveis fundamentais são as posições nodais do elemento finito. Para o tempo de processamento, os resultados numéricos indicam um melhor desempenho dos métodos iterativos em comparação com métodos diretos, especialmente para problemas de ordem maior, que são comumente os mais encontrados na área estrutural.
Determinants of Corporate Cash Holding of Non-Financial Firms Listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange
Authors: Barasa Constantine , Achoki George , Njuguna Amos
Published: August 2018

A general rise in the cash holding levels by firms internationally in the recent years has led to an increase in interest in cash holding research as cash is an asset that typically yields low return. Empirical research has produced mixed results and often little research has been carried out on the subject in developing countries. This paper thus looks at the determinants of cash holding of 44 non-financial firms listed in Nairobi securities exchange (NSE) for the period 2002 to 2013 using secondary data in annual reports and financial statements. We test for trade off, pecking order and the free cash flow theories using correlational and non-experimental research design. The results of OLS with year and industry dummies and panel data models shows that there exists significant positive and negative relationship between cash holding and cash flow and leverage respectively and insignificant relationship between cash holding and market-to-book value and firm size. Interest rests were found to be a significant mediator of the relationship between cash holding and MTB, size, leverage and cash flow. Industrial sector of a firm’s main activity influences its cash holding policies. This study adds to the frontier knowledge on the determinants of cash holding by helping managers decide on their firm’s optimal cash holding while also serving to inform investors on whether portfolio managers are adopting the right cash holding practices.
2018/16 Fixed-term employment of an actor for more than 18 years justifiable (GE)
Authors: Schreiner Paul , Voigt Jana
Published: August 2018

2018/16 Fixed-term employment of an actor for more than 18 years justifiable (GE)

The German Federal Labour Court has held that it was justifiable for the employment of an actor to be limited in time because of the “type of work” involved and the fact that the work was with a film production company, even though the actor was given a number of fixed term employment contracts over around 18 years.
2018/19 Mobility clause precise enough in scope, even when covering possible future locations within France (FR)
Authors: Toumieux Claire , Ekrami Susan
Published: August 2018

2018/19 Mobility clause precise enough in scope, even when covering possible future locations within France (FR)

A mobility clause must be sufficiently precise, but this condition can still be fulfilled even if the clause tries to cover both current and possible future locations of the company, provided any future locations are still within France and provided any change of location is justified by the needs of the business.
Tradycja petrażycjańska w polskiej socjologii prawa albo o tym, co zyskaliśmy, nie odwołując się do Ehrlicha
Authors: Cywiński Zbigniew
Published: August 2018

The goal of the presented paper is to show the qualities of Polish sociology of law that arise from how it formed and developed under the influence of a particular theoretical inspiration – the theory of Leon Petrażycki – specifically the ways that tradition has been influencing the direction of studies, as well as the descriptions of legal reality. According to the author, that influence is not limited to direct references, but has a broader scope that is expressed in an approach to analyzing the social context and functions of legal phenomena. To further emphasize the originality of Polish sociology of law, the article explains the differences between selected elements of Petrażycki’s theories and the proposals of Eugene Ehrlich. The problems that were undertaken by both scholars, and are still important to socio-legal studies, were presented from that point of view. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes the elements of Petrażycki’s works that did not appear elsewhere in early socio-legal thought. The study field is crucially narrowed by not orienting it towards analyzing and comparing initial ideas of Petrażycki and Ehrlich. Rather, it aims to analyze the possible influence of different views on differentiating the subjects of studies as well as their goals. In particular, the paper draws attention to the way Polish scholarship uniquely perceives the problematics of the social nature of legal phenomena, legal pluralism, the relationship between law and state (and especially legal phenomena unrelated to the state), legal culture and the usefulness of law as an instrument of social change. This is the perspective from which the paper presents selected Polish research projects and socio-legal analyses. The paper chiefly attempts to show a very particular quality of Polish sociology of law: the affirmation of legal phenomena that forms the basis for critique of faulty and socially dysfunctional official law.
Idee naukowe Leona Petrażyckiego, które przetrwały próbę czasu
Authors: Kojder Andrzej
Published: August 2018

In this paper author presents the achievemenets of Leon Petrażycki and his novelty in various areas of humanities. Petrażycki is recognised as forerunner of deontic logic, and also as creator of the principle of adeqacy, ennoblement of law, pluralistic vision of law. He exhibits primacy of legal norms over moral norm, and he establish scientific legal policy. Additionaly Petrażycki is treated as classic of the sociology of law and also as the artificer of emotions.
Metodologia badań społecznych w ujęciu Petrażyckiego
Authors: Woleński Jan
Published: August 2018

This paper presents the main ideas of Leon Petrażycki’s methodology of social sciences. The main focus concerns Petrażycki’s idea of adequate theory. The author tries to show that contemporary formal methodology of empirical sciences illuminates Petrażycki’s concept of adequate theory. In particular, the relation between adequacy and truth can be illuminated by using metalogical concepts.
The Impact of the 2017 Act's Tax Rate Changes on Choice of Entity
Authors: Repetti James R.
Published: August 2018

The double tax imposed on the earnings of C corporations results in significant economic inefficiencies because of its effect on the choice of entity for conducting a business. All other items being equal, the double tax distorts taxpayers’ choice of entity because it motivates taxpayers to favor flow-through entities when they otherwise would not. The reduction in the corporate and individual tax rates in the legislation popularly known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “2017 Tax Act”) has been in part justified on the grounds that the rate changes would help achieve parity between effective tax rates imposed on C corporations and on flow-through entities.
Uncovering a Tension
Authors: Maring Luke ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2018

It is common to assume (a) that democracy is intrinsically valuable, and (b) that nation-states have the authority to exclude would-be immigrants from their territory. Are (a) and (b) in tension? This paper argues that they are. Every account of democracy’s intrinsic value suggests that nation-states lack the authority to exclude would-be immigrants. In fact, reflection on democratic values suggests an even more heterodox conclusion: nation-states should not be the privileged sites of decision-making that we often take them to be.
A Tale of Two Mobiles
Authors: Polizzi Kristina
Published: August 2018

The Doy Leale McCall Rare Book and Manuscript Library recently hosted a photograph exhibit in conjunction with the fiftieth anniversary of the Federal Depository of the University of South Alabama’s Marx Library. Government Documents created a display featuring various types of government documents. To complement their exhibit, Kristina Polizzi and Deborah Blakey co-designed an exhibit around the use of government sponsored photographs of historic buildings in Mobile, Alabama, created by the Historic American Buildings Survey and Mobile Historic Development Commission. The exhibit focused on buildings constructed in the nineteenth century. It was housed on the third floor of the Marx Library in the McCall Library exhibit cases along the main corridor leading to the archives.
Condições que levam docentes enfermeiros a assumir cargos de gestão universitária
Authors: Cunha Kamylla Santos da , Erdmann Alacoque Lorenzini , Kahl Carolina , Lazzari Daniele Delacanal , Alves Murilo Pedroso , Klock Patrícia
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: entender las condiciones que llevan a que enfermeros docentes de una universidad pública asuman puestos de dirección universitaria. Método: investigación cualitativa con aporte teórico-metodológico en la Teoría Fundamentada en los Datos. El escenario del estudio fue una universidad pública federal; la recogida de datos fue realizada entre mayo y septiembre de 2016; el muestreo teórico estuvo compuesto de 19 participantes divididos en dos grupos. Resultados: los datos indicaron que los docentes asumen puestos de dirección universitaria por compromiso con el colectivo y por sus competencias en gestión. Se realza la motivación de los docentes para asumir dichos cargos debido a experiencias anteriores en la dirección de universidades privadas y/o de servicios de salud. Conclusión: los docentes de una unidad universitaria asumen puestos de dirección por su compromiso con el colectivo y dominios, por experiencia acumulada.
A review of factors affecting the welfare of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Santurtun E , Broom DM , Phillips CJC
Published: August 2018

In the expanding salmon industry, many farmers use production methods that could result in poor welfare of the fish at various points of their lifecycle. We have reviewed methods used for producing salmon for food with the aim of identifying and drawing attention to factors likely to affect farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) welfare. In addition to water conditions and high stocking density at sea, other issues are important for fish welfare. Handling and transport of salmon between fresh- and seawater phases and before slaughter can have severe negative effects and research should continue to seek improved methods. Stocking densities in fresh- or seawater have substantial effects on the welfare of salmon and a reduction in densities should be considered in order to reduce fin damage in particular. Currently used feeding systems result in starvation for some fish and fin damage for others, hence new systems should be developed. Some on-demand feeding systems improve welfare. All farmed fish should be stunned prior to slaughter, not left to die of asphyxia. Carbon dioxide and electrical stunning methods do not always stun salmon humanely. The widely used methods of percussive stunning, manual or automatic, must be precise to effectively stun large numbers of fish. Welfare outcome indicators, such as fin damage, morbidity and mortality rate, should be used in standards and laws relating to salmon welfare.
Control of the polyamine biosynthesis pathway by G2-quadruplexes
Authors: Lightfoot Helen Louise , Hagen Timo , Cléry Antoine , Allain Frédéric Hai-Trieu , Hall Jonathan
Published: August 2018

G-quadruplexes are naturally-occurring structures found in RNAs and DNAs. Regular RNA G-quadruplexes are highly stable due to stacked planar arrangements connected by short loops. However, reports of irregular quadruplex structures are increasing and recent genome-wide studies suggest that they influence gene expression. We have investigated a grouping of G2-motifs in the UTRs of eight genes involved in polyamine biosynthesis, and concluded that several likely form novel metastable RNA G-quadruplexes. We performed a comprehensive biophysical characterization of their properties, comparing them to a reference G-quadruplex. Using cellular assays, together with polyamine-depleting and quadruplex-stabilizing ligands, we discovered how some of these motifs regulate and sense polyamine levels, creating feedback loops during polyamine biosynthesis. Using high-resolution 1H-NMR spectroscopy, we demonstrated that a long-looped quadruplex in the AZIN1 mRNA co-exists in salt-dependent equilibria with a hairpin structure. This study expands the repertoire of regulatory G-quadruplexes and demonstrates how they act in unison to control metabolite homeostasis.
Embryonic‐Like Mineralized Extracellular Matrix/Stem Cell Microspheroids as a Bone Graft Substitute
Authors: Fu Cuicui , Luo Dan , Yu Min , Jiang Nan , Liu Dawei , He Danqing , Fu Yu , Zhang Ting , Qiao Yiqiang , Zhou Yanheng , Liu Yan
Published: August 2018

Native bone extracellular matrix (ECM) secreted by mesenchymal precursors provides an optimal biological framework, comprising structural collagen proteins and a microenvironment niche, which supports cell attachment and differentiation, and bone growth. Inspired by nature, the embryonic‐like mineralized ECM/stem cell microspheroids (MECS) are developed, in which self‐assembly of the stem cell microspheroids (CS) and mineralization of the self‐produced ECM occur simultaneously. The uniform‐sized MECS exhibit a solid spherical appearance with stem cells embedded inside, recapitulating the early stage of intramembranous ossification. Compared with pure CS, MECS show enhanced Young's modulus, cell viability, intercellular communication, and osteogenic differentiation. Additionally, the capability of MECS is explored without the use of exogenous scaffolds to substitute and repair lost bone in rat critical‐sized defects. It is found that the MECS can achieve excellent bone regeneration outcomes with 97.99 ± 2.28% of the defect area filled with new bony structures and blood vessels, while nearly half or one‐third of the defect area is repaired by CS (52.79 ± 4.63%) or β‐tricalcium phosphate (38.09 ± 7.79%), respectively. The study demonstrates that embryonic‐like MECS is a novel effective bone graft substitute for bone tissue regeneration.
Interfaces Between Graphene‐Related Materials and MAPbI3: Insights from First‐Principles
Authors: Volonakis George , Giustino Feliciano
Published: August 2018

Given the unique and complementary properties of halide perovskites and graphene, it has been a natural step to explore their combination for novel high‐performance solar cells. Within this research news the latest theoretical and computational works on interfaces between the prototype perovskite absorber methylammonium lead triiodide (CH3NH3PbI3) and graphene related materials (GRMs) are reviewed. In particular, recent works based on quantum‐mechanical calculations from first‐principles that probe the structural and electronic properties of interfaces between CH3NH3PbI3, pristine graphene, graphene‐oxide, and reduced graphene‐oxide are reviewed. How these studies investigate the fundamental mechanisms by which GRMs can improve perovskite based photovoltaics, and how these relate to the several available experimental studies that have clearly shown the positive effects of GRMs on both the charge extraction rates, and the stability of perovskite solar cells are discussed. Finally, the main challenges that remain to be addressed in order to model more realistic systems and further unravel the atomic‐scale details that underlie the properties of GRM/perovskite interfaces are discussed.
Printable Monodisperse All‐Inorganic Perovskite Quantum Dots: Synthesis and Banknotes Protection Applications
Authors: Wang Huanjun , Yao Weijing , Tian Qingyong , Li Mengxiao , Tian Bin , Liu Li , Wu Zhaohui , Wu Wei
Published: August 2018

All‐inorganic perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) have drawn great attention recently, which are newcomer materials for banknotes protection. Herein, CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) PQDs are synthesized via one‐step hot‐injection method. It is interesting to find that the fluorescent colors can be tuned over wide visible spectra region of 506 and 636 nm by changing the ratio of halide ions. Then, the PQDs with strong fluorescence intensity, narrow full width at half maximum of 15–35 nm, and high quantum yields of 86.6% are formulated as fluorescent anticounterfeiting inks. Finally, the designable patterns are successfully printed on paper, polyethylene terephthalate, and banknotes by multiple printing techniques, including screen printing, inkjet printing, and roll‐to‐roll printing. The desired printed patterns are colorless under visible light but exhibit bright red, green, and cyan color outputs when exposed to 365 and 254 nm light. Moreover, the polydimethylsiloxane film of PQDs still emits bright color outputs even after 60 days. The excellent dual‐modal fluorescent properties make PQDs potential candidates in the field of banknotes protection.
Molecular Self‐Assembly Constructed in Physiological Conditions for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Cong Yong , Qiao Zeng‐Ying , Wang Hao
Published: August 2018

For the purpose of cancer theranostics, the performance and potential biosafety of drug/imaging agents remain major challenges. Although passive and active targeting strategies have been reported for effectively enhanced bioimaging or drug delivery performance, researchers are still looking for emerging methods for better targeting, accumulation, and penetration of solid tumors. The strategy for constructing supramolecular self‐assemblies in biologically relevant conditions may partially overcome these challenges. Regarding the biomedical applications, supramolecular entities with naturally dynamic and modular properties, are capable of constructing structurally and functionally diversified materials and meeting the requirements of biological complexity. Modules and integrated systems enable response to bio‐environment by the modification of their constitution through component exchange or reorganization. In this review, the authors summarize the self‐assembled nanosystems (nanoparticles, nanoaggregates, micelles, vesicles, nanofibers, hydrogels, etc.) in physiological/pathological environments and their applications in cancer theranostics. The authors focus on chemical structures, stimuli‐responsive bonds, and self‐assembly property of nanomaterials, which may offer a guide for the optimal design of self‐assembled nanomaterials in clinical cancer treatment and imaging.
Anti‐Müllerian hormone levels in patients with turner syndrome: Relation to karyotype, spontaneous puberty, and replacement therapy
Authors: Hamza Rasha T. , Mira Marwa F. , Hamed Amira I. , Ezzat Treiz , Sallam Mahmoud T.
Published: August 2018

Most girls with Turner syndrome (TS) suffer from incomplete sexual development, premature ovarian failure, and infertility due to abnormal ovarian folliculogenesis. Serum anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels reflect the ovarian reserve in females, even in childhood. Thus, we aimed to assess serum AMH levels in girls with TS and its relation to karyotype, spontaneous puberty, and growth hormone (GH) therapy. Fifty TS were compared to 50 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. All subjects were subjected to history, anthropometric assessment, Tanner pubertal staging and measurement of serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), and AMH. Karyotype results were obtained from patients’ records. Serum AMH was measurable in 12 TS patients (24%). The lowest frequency of measurable AMH was in patients with a karyotype of 45,X. The measurable AMH was associated with spontaneous breast development (p = .003) and spontaneous menarche (p = .001). AMH correlated negatively with FSH (r = −.846, p = .000) and LH (r = −.83, p = .034). GH therapy increased the odds of having measurable AMH in TS girls (p = .002). In conclusion, AMH was associated with karyotype, spontaneous pubertal development, LH, and FSH in TS girls and may serve as a useful marker of ovarian function and ongoing follicular development in prepuberty.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Highly Substituted Tetrahydrofurans and Tetrahydropyrans via Double Michael Addition Strategy
Authors: Mondal Buddahdeb , Balha Megha , Pan Subhas Chandra
Published: August 2018

An efficient organocatalytic asymmetric synthesis of 2,3,4‐trisubstituted tetrahydrofurans and tetrahydropyrans has been developed using tandem iminium−enamine catalysis. The process comprises of a double Michael addition reaction between γ/δ‐hydroxy‐α,β‐unsaturated carbonyls and enals. The products of this reaction are obtained in high enantio‐ and diasteroselectivities and some further synthetic transformations have been performed.
Construction of Biaryl Scaffolds from Iodoarenes and C−H Heteroarenes Using an Amide Base Generated in situ from Aminosilane and Fluoride Anion
Authors: Shigeno Masanori , Kai Yusuke , Yamada Tetsuya , Hayashi Kazutoshi , Nozawa‐Kumada Kanako , Denneval Charline , Kondo Yoshinori
Published: August 2018

Iodoarenes and C−H heteroarenes are coupled to form a biaryl in the presence of an amide base generated in situ from tetramethylammonium fluoride (TMAF) and hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) by homolytic aromatic substitution (HAS). This reaction can be used with electron‐rich, ‐deficient, and ortho‐substituted haloarenes. Both electron‐rich and ‐deficient C−H heteroarenes can also be utilized. Involvement of a radical intermediate was confirmed by radical inhibition experiments, deuterium‐labelling experiments, and EPR spectral measurements. Enhancement of the reactivity of electron‐rich N‐methylpyrrole was observed in the presence of electron‐poor phenazine or pyrazine.