bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Foil liner implosions with a nanosecond rise time of current through the liner
Authors: Sorokin S A
Published: November 2019

The paper presents the results of experiments on the implosion of cylindrical liners made of aluminum foil and mylar film with a deposited layer of aluminum. To reduce the rise time of current through a liner to several nanoseconds (1–3 ns), a low-density plasma was injected into the liner area. The experiments were carried out on the MIG generator at a current level through the liner of about 2 MA. A liner with a diameter of 1.8 mm, made of aluminum-deposited 2.5-μm thick mylar film, implodes in 11 ns and has a final velocity of 2×107 cm·s−1. The radius of pinched plasma is about 80–100 μm, which corresponds to a 20-fold radial convergence of the liner.
Tandem analyzer of plasma flow ions by energy, mass and charges
Authors: Strokin N A , Kazantsev A V , Bardakov V M , Nguyen The Thang , Kuz’mina A S
Published: November 2019

This article introduces the concept of a new analyzer of a multicomponent ion beam by energy, mass, and charge. The analyzer is constructed as a tandem, i.e. combining a Wien linear velocity filter (WLF) and a retarding field analyzer (RFA). The system is effective at separating the elements or the groups of elements in various experiments, for example, for plasma mass separation in the such design variants as WLF-RFA and RFA-WLF. It is worth noting that the device can work with ions characterized by a wide energy range. The results of experimental testing of the TANDEM analyzer (WLF-RFA) in a three-component plasma flow (Ne + Ar + Kr) generated by an anode layer plasma accelerator are presented. In the ion flow characterized by the energies ranging from 100 to 1500 eV, the TANDEM separated ions with relative masses ranging from 20.17 to 83.8 with a resolution of ~ 7 and charges ranging from 1 to 5. The resolution of WLF-RFA increases upon the growth in ion density in a multicomponent stream.
Formation of powerful plasma flow from substance of liquid electrolyte cathode
Authors: Tazmeev K K , Arslanov I M , Tazmeev B K , Tazmeev G K
Published: November 2019

The process of plasma flow formation using an electric discharge with liquid electrolyte cathode in the power range (25–39) kW was experimentally investigated. The discharge was created inside the chamber with walls of refractory material at a distance of 20 cm between electrodes. Sodium chloride aqueous solutions with concentrations of 0.1–0.2 mol·l−1 were used as electrolyte. The optimal conditions are revealed under which the heat losses on the electrodes are reduced. Plasma stream with a mass rate of 1.0–1.7 g·s−1 was obtained.
Optical emission study of plasma vortex rings at atmospheric pressure air
Authors: Volodin L Y , Kamrukov A S
Published: November 2019

The article presents the results of high-speed spectral measurements of the emission spectrum of plasma-vortex formations formed by an atmospheric pulsed plasma torch based on an electrical explosion of a conductor. Spectrum registration is carried out in the stage of autonomous existence of vortex formations. It is shown that the emission spectrum contains the Planck continuum, due to the presence of condensed oxides, and the molecular bands of AlO. Based on the obtained data, the dependence of the temperature dynamics over time was obtainedby the method of spectral pyrometry.
Gaseous discharge plasma switching in oversized interference microwave switches
Authors: Artemenko S N , Gorev S A , Igumnov V S , Novikov S A , Yushkov Yu G
Published: November 2019

The first results of the study of gaseous discharge plasma switching in oversized interference switches of X-band active resonant microwave compressors are presented. The switching occured in a mixture of argon and air at atmospheric pressure in the mode of spontaneous breakdown. The breakdown was initiated by a sizable conductive discontinuity represented by a section of thin copper conductor of different lengths not exceeding the working wave length. The section was introduced inside the gaseous discharge quartz tube into the switching arm of the switch through the below cut off circular waveguide. The tube formed the discharge gap in the arm and was located coaxially in the circular waveguide. The tube was located at the antinode area of the electric field standing wave parallel to lines of electric force. The threshold nature of effective switching was proved. The switching efficiency as a function of the conductor length is obtained. The model of the switch was proposed and analyzed by the scattering matrix method within single-wave approximation. The calculation results were in substantial agreement with the experimental data. The operation of two oversized switches in a cascade circuit was studied. It is shown, that in switching circuits of these type formed by one or several oversized H-tees, the switching identical to processes in a conventional switch based on a single-wave H-tee is possible.
The transmission spectrum switching speed of electromagnetic band gap plasma structure
Authors: Babitski V S , Callegari Th , Simonchik L V , Sokoloff J , Usachonak M S
Published: November 2019

The transmission spectrum switching speed of electromagnetic band gap (EBG) plasma structure formed by pulse discharges at atmospheric pressure was under investigation. The ability to obtain a nanosecond transmission spectrum switching time of plasma EBG structures was demonstrated. The time resolved Hα and Hβ lines profiles were registered. Time behaviour of electron density during the discharge and time evolution of electron concentration were determined. The dependence of current growth rate and fall rate of transmitted microwave power on the applied voltage pulses were determined.
EHD cell parameters and collector effective area
Authors: Babushkin M D , Kashin A V , Antipova K G
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we investigated the effect of the collector electrode surface area (and the collector mass) on the thrust characteristics atmospheric air wire to drop EHD cell of the system. While the experiment the perimeter of the receiving electrode changed, and the length of the collector remained unconverted.
Application of a forevacuum plasma source of a focused electron beam for cutting quartz glass
Authors: Bakeev I Yu , Klimov A S , Oks E M , Zenin A A
Published: November 2019

The paper presents the results of studies of the effect of electron beam parameters on the geometric dimensions of the hole created in quartz glass by an electron beam with the power density of up to 106W·cm−2generated by a forevacuum plasma source. It is shown that the electron beam with such specific power is capable of creating holes up to several centimeters deep. At the same time with the passage of time the hole acquires an established form. The dependences of the geometrical dimensions of the steady-state form of the hole depending on the parameters of the electron beam are presented.
Effect of UV irradiation and diffuse plasma on surface properties of micro-arc calcium phosphate coatings
Authors: Chebodeva V V , Komarova E G , Erofeev M V , Ripenko V S , Sharkeev Yu P
Published: November 2019

The influence of UV irradiation or plasma of runaway electron preionized diffuse discharge (REP DD) post-modification on the surface properties of the calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings formed by the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) method was investigated. The formed MAO-coatings had porous structure and rough surface morphology with incorporation of spheroidal structural elements with inner pores. It was showed that the UV irradiation or REP DD post-treatment of the MAO-coatings led to the decrease of the coating contact angels with water from 20 to 0 or to 7 degrees, respectively. However, the free surface energy of the coatings did not change after post-treatments and equalled to 74±1 mJ·m−2. The polar component of the free surface energy of the all types of the coatings exceeded almost 5–6 times the dispersion component that indicated the presence of strong polar bonds on the coating surface, e. g. OH- and PO4-groups.
Acceleration of heavy ions in the hall accelerator
Authors: Chikhachev A S
Published: November 2019

The process of acceleration of heavy ions in the Hall accelerator is studied. Numerical solutions of one – dimensional hydrodynamic equations describing a three-component system-neutral particles, electrons and ions-are obtained. Ions move in a collisionless manner and are accelerated by a self-consistent electric field, electrons diffuse across the magnetic field. The self-consistent field is calculated using the Poisson equation, and it is shown that there is no singularity when the ion velocity coincides with the ion sound velocity. It is also shown that there is a critical magnetic field above which it is impossible to propagate the ion flow.
Effect of gas pressure and pulse duration on dry reforming of methane in nanosecond spark discharge
Authors: Filatov I E , Kuznetsov D L , Uvarin V V
Published: November 2019

This paper presents the results of experiments on dry reforming of methane under the action of a nanosecond spark discharge at medium pressures up to 5 atm. High-voltage pulse generators with pulse length of 1 to 15 ns and voltage pulse amplitude of 50 to 200 kV were used to power the discharge. It was demonstrated that the spark discharge efficiency significantly exceeds the corona and diffuse discharge efficiency. With increasing pressure, the methane conversion value decreases, and the specific energy consumption increases. As the pulse length increases, the conversion value increases due to the increase in the energy deposition in the gas. The lowest energy consumption for the conversion of a methane molecule was 20 eV per molecule at pressure of 1 atm and discharge pulse length of 15 ns.
High-rate low-temperature PVD of thick 10 μm α-alumina coatings
Authors: Gavrilov N V , Kamenetskikh A S , Tretnikov P V , Chukin A V
Published: November 2019

α-Al2O3 coatings have been deposited by evaporation of Al in an anodic arc with a growth rate of ~ 5 μm·h−1 at 640°C under the conditions of low ionization of the Al vapors and an increased concentration of atomic oxygen, which has been achieved by the use of a hollow anode.Intensive (current density up to 15 mA·cm−2) low-energy (50 eV) ion bombardment has provided deposition of adhesive single-phase nanocrystalline (50–150 nm) α-Al2O3 coatings with a thickness of up to 10 μm with low intrinsic stresses (1.5 GPa) and low microstrains of the crystal lattice (less than 0.1%). The composition of the discharge plasma has been determined using the optical spectroscopy method. The effect of the O2 flow and the hollow anode current on the growth rate of the alumina coatings has been investigated and it has been shown that the increasing degree of O2 dissociation promotes an increase in the growth rate of coatings.
Advanced functional coatings deposited using supersonic atmospheric plasma spraying
Authors: Gulyaev I P , Kuzmin V I , Kornienko E E
Published: November 2019

This paper presents the latest results of the ITAM team’s work in the development of the supersonic version of a spraying DC plasma torch «PNK-50» and demonstrates possibilities of Supersonic-APS method. Increasing the speed of the plasma flow to the level of 2000–2500 m·s−1 has allowed deposition of functional coatings with outstanding properties. Thus, using the low-enthalpy (low-temperature) S-APS regime, low porosity (P = 0.3–1.6%) wear-resistant coatings from powder materials of NiCr alloy and WC/CoCr carbide composite were obtained, demonstrating characteristics previously available only to high-speed HVOF and DS methods. The use of the high-enthalpy (high-temperature) regime of S-APS provided spraying of refractory yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) oxide coatings with porosity of only 2.5% using conventional powder feedstock. The methods of SPS and LPPS made it possible to obtain advanced coatings of YSZ ceramics: thermal barrier coatings (TBC) with a columnar structure and high-density gas-tight coatings. Also ceramic coatings with a pronounced bimodal surface profile were obtained demonstrating super-hydrophobic effect.
Low temperature ICP etching of InP/InGaAsP heterostructure in Cl2-based plasma
Authors: Ishutkin S V , Arykov V S , Yunusov I V , Stepanenko M V , Troyan P E , Zhidik Y S
Published: November 2019

The paper presents the process development results of low temperature ICP etching of InP/InGaAsP heterostructure in a Cl2/Ar/N2 plasma using multi-stage process. It is shown that the introduction of additional polishing etch steps effectively removes defect layer formed after etching of the heterostructure. The angle of inclination of the side walls of the elements formed by etching reached 87°, while the thickness of the defect layer did not exceed 80 nm.
Structure and properties of Ni-Cr-B-Si powder coating formed on A356Gr steel using a combined method
Authors: Ivanov Yu F , Klopotov A A , Potekaev A I , Abzaev Yu A , Ivanova O V , Kalashnikov M P , Chumaevskiy A V , Volokitin O G , Teresov A D
Published: November 2019

The results of the study of the phase and elemental composition, the state of the defective substructure, the mechanical and tribological properties of the powder coating of the Ni-Cr-B-Si system formed on A356Gr1 steel using a combined method, which includes plasma spraying and the subsequent irradiation with an intense pulsed electron beam in the melting mode of the surface layer, are presented. It is shown that the combined treatment is accompanied by formation of a surface layer with a thickness up to 1500 microns, the microhardness and the wear resistance of which manifold exceed the corresponding characteristics of the reference steel.
Evolution of steam and plasma plume generation on pulse laser action on the surface of metal in water
Authors: Ivanov A Yu , Kapytski A V , Vasil’ev S V
Published: November 2019

Evolution of steam and gas plume generation on the surface of the irradiated metal was investigated experimentally. It is shown that on using GOR-100M operating in free oscillating regime the form of a crater developed on being in water the irradiated target surface differs in essence from the topography of the crater developed on processing by laser pulse with the same parameters of the analogical target surrounded by air on normal pressure (105 Pa). It is pointed that the substantial difference of the forms of crater surfaces developed as a result of processing of the identical targets by laser pulses with the identical parameters of the identical targets being in water or air determines by principally different character of plasma and steam and gas mixture flow in the mentioned cases.
Characterization of α-Al2O3 coatings deposited by reactive evaporation in an anodic arc under high-current ion assistance
Authors: Kamenetskikh A S , Gavrilov N V , Tretnikov P V , Chukin A V
Published: November 2019

The article presents the results of studies of the mechanical and adhesive characteristics of α-Al2O3 coatings depositeedby reactive anodic evaporation of Al in an arc discharge at low-energy (50 eV) high-current (up to 15 mA·cm−2) ion assistance at 640°C. The coatings are characterized by a strong texture (300), which contributes to an increase in adhesive strength (the critical load at which the destruction of the coating is observed reaches 2560±29 mN). It was shown that there is an optimal discharge current (20 A), at which the best adhesion, the surface quality (Ra
= 13.4 nm, Rz
= 44.7 nm) and the resistance of elastic deformation of coatings (H/E = 0.08) are achieved.
Silicon coating deposition on NiTi substrate by plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition
Authors: Kashin O A , Krukovskii K V , Slabodchikov V A , Lotkov A I
Published: November 2019

This paper studies the deposition of a silicon coating on a substrate of a nickel-titanium based alloy using plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (PIII&D). It is shown that the PIII&D technique allows a nickel titanium substrate to be coated with an up to 3 μm thick amorphous silicon coating. The PIII&D time is found to have a decisive influence on the coating thickness. The magnitude of the bias voltage Us
has a much smaller effect on the thickness of the sputtered coating. To ensure a high adhesion of the coating to the substrate, the substrate must be preheated before PIII&D to a temperature of ≈ 300°C.
Influence of hydrogen content on ion nitriding of coarse-grained and ultrafine-grained VT6 titanium alloys
Authors: Khusainov Yu G , Nikolaev A A , Agzamov R D , Ramazanov K N , Tagirov A F
Published: November 2019

This work investigates low-temperature ion nitriding of coarse-grained VT6 titanium alloy performed at the temperature of 600°C with different hydrogen contents (0–30% H2). The optimum hydrogen content identified during the experiments with coarse-grained samples was used to further nitride ultrafine-grained VT6 titanium alloy at the temperature of 500°C. Microhardness distribution diagrams of and optical microstructure images were obtained; brittleness of the nitrated layer was estimated.
Study of SiO2 nanopowder produced by plasma arc method
Authors: Kosmachev P , Skripnikova N , Vlasov V
Published: November 2019

The work is devoted to the study of the plasma arc method of obtaining nanosized silicon oxide from natural raw materials from Russian fields, such as diatomite of Kamyshlovsk deposit (Sverdlovsk region), the quartzite of Chupinsk deposit (Republic of Karelia), quartz sand of Tugansk deposit (Tomsk region). The method of transmission electron microscopy was used to study the morphology. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method was used to study the surface. The main structural and morphological characteristics of the obtained nanoparticles were determined. The particles of nanoscale SiO2 obtained by the plasma arc method spherical shape, the size distribution 10–300 nm, the specific surface area 37–71 m2·g−1.
Oxidative plasma chemical transformations of C3-C4 alkanes
Authors: Kudryashov S V , Ryabov A Y , Ochered’ko A N
Published: November 2019

The results of oxidation of a propane-butane mixture (liquefied petroleum gas) with oxygen in a barrier discharge plasma in the presence of liquid octane are presented. The transformation of the initial mixture results in the formation of predominantly hydroxyl and carbonyl compounds of the initial gaseous C3-C4 hydrocarbons. The mechanism of hydrocarbon oxidation is similar to that of transformation of liquid hydrocarbons in the barrier discharge plasma. An increase in the initial concentration of the propane-butane mixture in the gas phase results in a decrease in the conversion of gaseous hydrocarbons and octane in one pass through the reactor. Calculations performed using the Bolsig+ program show that a reduction in conversion of gaseous hydrocarbons is due to a decrease in the rate constant of the oxygen dissociation reaction resulted from a decrease in the average electron energy from 4.1 to 3.4 eV. A mathematical expression is proposed, which allows predicting the direction of the plasma-chemical reaction.
The energy input mode influence on the efficiency of plasma water treatment in a bubble chamber
Authors: Kuznetsov V S , Sosnin E A , Panarin V A , Skakun V S , Pechenitsin D S , Tarasenko V F , Viktorova I A , Chudinova Y V
Published: November 2019

The optimal time interval was found for plasma treatment of liquid using distilled water as an example. The positive effect of plasma-active water on the agricultural crops growth is shown. The synchronization task of chemically active particles formation and their entry into the liquid has been revealed.
Effect of electron beam irradiation on structural phase transformations of zirconia-based composite reinforced by alumina nanofibers and carbon nanotubes
Authors: Leonov A A , Ivanov Yu F , Kalashnikov M P , Abdulmenova E V , Paygin V D , Teresov A D
Published: November 2019

Evolution of microstructure, elemental and phase composition of dense zirconia-based composite under irradiation with electron beam were investigated. Tetragonal zirconia-based composite reinforced by 5 wt% alumina nanofibers and 0.5 wt% single-walled carbon nanotubes was prepared by spark plasma sintering at a temperature of 1500°C. Irradiation of the composite was carried out with a low-energy pulsed electron beam of submillisecond duration in the following mode: beam energy density 15 J·cm−2; pulse duration 200 μs; pulse repetition rate 0.3 s−1; pulses quantity 10, 20, 30 and 40; residual gas pressure (argon) in the working camera 10−2 Pa. It has been established that electron beam treatment leads to the formation of modified multilayered surface, the thickness of which varies from 6 to 40 μm. Redistribution of Al atoms in the modified surface layer was detected. The phase evolution dependent on the quantity of irradiation pulses and manifested in the crystalline structure of material.
Influence of electronic irradiation on the affection of barley by root rot
Authors: Loy N N , Sanzharova N I , Gulina S N , Vorobiyov M S , Koval N N , Doroshkevich S Yu , Chizh T V , Suslova O V
Published: November 2019

The paper displays the results of the study of the effect of pre-sowing irradiation of spring barley of the Vladimir variety with a low-energy electron beam in a wide dose range from 1 to 8 kGy and a dose rate of 500 Gy/imp on seed infestation by root rot and sowing qualities. It has been shown that the development of the disease depends on both the radiation dose and the post-radiation period (PP). The most effective was the effect of irradiation on Helminthosporium sativum (synonymous with Drechslera teres) at PP of 4 days: there was observed a reduction in the damage degree by 33–48% and the disease incidence – by 29–46% at doses of 4–8 kGy. At the PP of 7 and 11 days, the irradiation of seeds with doses of 3–5 kGy reduces the degree of damage to the seedlings by Helminthosporium sativum by 30–37% and 28–41%, respectively. With an increase in PP up to 14 days, a decrease in the damage degree of seedlings by root rot by 33% was observed only at an irradiation dose of 4 kGy, which indicates a reduction in the efficiency of irradiation with increasing PP. The prevalence of the disease decreased at PP of 4 days by 28–46% (doses of 4-8 kGy), at PP of 7 days – by 30–37% (doses of 2–6 kGy), at PP of 11 days – by 26–48% (doses 3, 4 and 7 kGy) and PP 14 days – by 33% at a dose of 4 kGy. It has been established that electron irradiation stimulates laboratory germination of seeds at PP of 7 days by 22–25% at doses of 1, 2, 4 and 5 kGy and, on the contrary, reduces it by 19–24% at PP of 4 days and doses of 3, 5 and 8 kGy. At doses higher than 4 kGy, irradiation inhibits sprout length by 12–39%, roots – by 9–15%, and also at doses of 2–8 kGy, it reduces the wet weight of seedlings by 10–50%. Thus, it was shown that pre-sowing electron irradiation of spring barley of the Vladimir variety reduces the resistance of Helminthosporium sativum and can be used to combat the pathogenic microflora of the grain.
Comparison of ions mass-spectra and terahertz radiation from low-inductive vacuum sparks with laser initiation
Authors: Melekhov A P , Ananin O B , Vovchenko E D , Komaretsky V V , Ramakoti R S
Published: November 2019

The relationship between the parameters of the ion component of vacuum spark plasma with a laser initiation and the power of the studied plasma terahertz radiation was experimentally investigated. For this purpose, ion fluence was studied using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer with a magnetic analyzer. Analysis of the ion mass spectra suggested a non-linear power-law dependence of the terahertz radiation power on the electron concentration in the spark plasma. The experimental results are compared with the results of studying the generation of terahertz radiation in beam-plasma experiments.
X-ray microanalysis of silumin subjected to intense pulsed electron beam treatment
Authors: Petrikova E A , Teresov A D , Tolkachov O S , Ivanov Yu F , Petrikova E A , Teresov A D , Tolkachov O S , Ivanov Yu F
Published: November 2019

Comparative studies of the distribution of alloying and impurity chemical elements in a cast aluminum and after irradiation with an intense pulsed electron beam have been carried out using X-ray microanalysis methods. It is shown that electron-beam processing of silumin is accompanied by the formation of a submicro – nanocrystalline structure of high-speed cellular crystallization. It was established that the substructure of the cells depends on the distance from the irradiation surface. In the layer near the surface, nanoscale globular particles are present in the cell volume; in the subsurface layer, the formation of cells of the plate-like eutectic of the Al-Si alloy was revealed.
Microdiffraction analysis of structure of silumin’s high-velocity cellular crystallization
Authors: Petrikova E A , Teresov A D , Rygina M E , Tolkachev O S , Ivanov Yu F , Gromov V E , Zagulyaev D V , Konovalov S V , Semin A P
Published: November 2019

The submicro-nanocrystalline multiphase structure of high-velocity cellular crystallization has been formed in the surface layer of AK10M2N silumin by the irradiation with the intense pulsed electron beam. According to the morphological features the crystallization cells are divided into two types. The cells of the first type are formed by the alternating plates of silicon and aluminium of nanodimensional transverse sizes by the eutectic reaction. The cells of the second type are formed by the solid solution based on aluminium and contain the nanodimensional particles of the second phase. The cells of the first and the second type are separated by the interlayers of the second phase containing the silicon particles, aluminides and copper silicides. The obtained results enable to recommend the irradiation of silumin by the intense pulsed electron beam as the method resulting in the multiple dispersion of the structure facilitating the increase in wear resistance of the material.
Obtaining nano-disperse soot from orthoxylene by the high-voltage AC plasma torch
Authors: Popov S D , Subbotin D I , Popov V E , Surov A V , Lizander V V , Charykov N A , Nakonechny Gh V , Serba E O , Obraztsov N V
Published: November 2019

The article deals with the synthesis of fullerene-containing soot using high-voltage AC plasma torch. The plasma torch consists of three electric arc channels with three graphite rod electrodes. Orthoxylene vapors are fed into the arc zone of the plasma torch, and argon is used as a protective gas. In the plasma torch orthoxylene decomposes under the action of an electric arc. The prodused soot contains 5.4% C60 fullerene and 1.6% C70 fullerene.
Antibacterial potential of Zn- and Cu-substituted hydroxyapatite-based coatings deposited by RF-magnetron sputtering
Authors: Prosolov K A , Belyavskaya O A , Bolat-ool A A , Khlusov I A , Nikolaeva O A , Prosolov A B , Mitrichenko D V , Komkov A R , Sharkeev Yu P
Published: November 2019

The market of medical devices demanding new products for treatment of bone fractures. The demand is growing due to aging population and increased physical activity in senior people. We introduce newly developed implants – intramedullary fixators made from a set of biocompatible alloys including commercially pure titanium, Ti-6Al-7Nb and magnesium-based alloy. Surface of these implants is modified by Zn- or Cu-substituted hydroxyapatites coatings deposited by RF magnetron sputtering in order to diminish the risk of post-operative infection. The amorphous layers were deposited on the surface of biocompatible substrates for all deposition runs. Post-deposition annealing in air at the temperature of 700°C allowed us to crystallize coating in a way that the main hydroxyapatite peaks are well defined and lattice parameters calculated proving Zn2+ and Cu2+ substitution. The bacteriostatic effect of the coatings against the pathogenic strain 209P of Staphylococcus aureus was shown in vitro independent on the material of the metallic substrate
Ion nitriding effect on the structure and mechanical properties of R6M5 high-speed steel after SPD
Authors: Ramazanov K N , Khusainov Yu G , Khayretdinov E F , Esipov R S
Published: November 2019

The paper studies the effect of ion nitriding in a glow discharge on the structure and mechanical properties of R6M5 steel obtained by the method of traditional hot thermomechanical treatment and subsequent severe plastic deformation (SPD). It is found out that the surface microhardness of material increases significantly (~ 1.7 times) as a result of ionic nitriding after SPD and for the sample without SPD an increase is twice as much times in the line region of carbide-nitride inclusions. It is proved that the microhardness distribution over the diffusion zone depth in the sample after the SPD is smoother, and the thickness of the diffusion layer exceeds almost 2 times.
Low energy implantation of nitrogen ions by extended beam with a ballistic focusing in a stainless steel
Authors: Ryabchikov A I , Akhmadeev Yu H , Lopatin I V , Krysina O V , Sivin D O , Korneva O S , Ananin P S , Dektyarev S V
Published: November 2019

The results of experiments on low-energy nitrogen ions implantation in stainless steel AISI 321 are presented. The treatment was carried out with a pulsed beam of nitrogen ions obtained using a ballistic system of ion focusing. The source of ions was nitrogen plasma of a non-independent gas arc discharge with a heated cathode. It was shown that the specimen surface is subjected to ion etching, which leads to the formation of a well, whose profile depends on the ionic exposure parameters. In addition, when treating specimen in such a system, the surface hardness increases up to 4 times. The increase in hardness occurs due to the formation of a modified layer in the surface, with a thickness of up to 50 microns, containing iron and chromium nitrides.
Synthesis and processing of powder materials in DC arc thermal plasma
Authors: Samokhin A V , Alekseev N V , Astashov A G , Kirpichev D E , Fadeev A A , Sinaiskiy M A , Tsvetkov Yu V
Published: November 2019

The results of work on the implementation of plasma synthesis and spheroidization of powders of metals and their compounds in a thermal plasma generated in a direct current arc plasma torch are presented. The possibility of controlling the properties of the obtained powders is demonstrated.
Optimizing the process of plasma dynamic synthesis for increasing the yield and purity of ε-Fe2O3 phase
Authors: Shanenkov I , Sivkov A , Ivashutenko A , Gukov M , Han W
Published: November 2019

Various crystalline modifications of iron oxide are widely used in different fields of science and technology, however, a special attention has recently been paid to the synthesis of the epsilon phase ε-Fe2O3. The existing problems connected with the synthesis and production of this phase in the form of a dispersed powdered product significantly limit the possibilities of its application and studying the properties. In this regard, the search and development of high-performance method for the synthesis of the ε-Fe2O3 phase is an urgent task. In this paper, the possibility of optimizing the well-known method of plasma dynamic synthesis for obtaining products with a high content of the ε-Fe2O3 phase was studied. The influence of the power supply pulse duration on the energy parameters of the synthesis process and the characteristics of the powdered products were studied in detail. It was established that an increase in the pulse duration due to the introduction of an additional inductance into the discharge circuit while simultaneously maintaining the magnitude of the arc discharge current at a level of 120 kA allows obtaining a product with the epsilon phase content of ~ 65 wt.%.
Physical and technical processes for preparing silicate melts and silicate-melt products using low-temperature plasma
Authors: Shekhovtsov V V , Volokitin O G , Skripnikova N K , Volokitin G G , Vlasov V A
Published: November 2019

The paper presents the experimental results of fabricating refractory oxide- and silicate-based microspheres of various density. In highly-concentrated thermal plasma with the specific bulk enthalpy ranging between 24131–35739 kJ·kg−1, three types of microspheres can be formed, namely: dense microspheres with gas inclusions in the surface layer, hollow microspheres and vitrified agglomerates. The obtained experimental data are in good agreement with the calculated dependence between the wall thickness of a microsphere and the porosity of the agglomerated powder.
Calculation of heat regimes for a Ni-Al surface alloy formed on a carbon steel substrate with a low-energy high-current electron beam
Authors: Shepel’ D A , Markov A B , Yakovlev E V
Published: November 2019

In the present work, the calculations of heat regimes for a Ni-Al surface alloy formed on a carbon steel substrate using a low-energy high-current electron beam (LEHCEB) were carried out for two types of multilayered systems with different numbers and thicknesses of the layers. The multilayered system of type 1 was three layered system Ni (0.5 µm)-Al (1.52 µm)-Ni (0.5 µm). The multilayered system of type 2 consists of 10 layers of Ni (0.1 µm each) alternating with 9 layers of Al (0.167 µm each). The total thickness of coating deposited in both cases was 2.5 µm. The melting thresholds for Ni, Al and carbon steel during LEHCEB irradiation were determined by the calculation. The phase diagrams obtained in calculation showed that process of melting occurs similarly for both types of multilayered systems. The calculation demonstrated that the melt thickness on the surface after irradiation by LEHCEB with optimal parameters is about 3 µm, and the average lifetime of the melt is ~ 1 µs (Ni-layers), and ~ 10 µs (Al-layers).
QUINTA equipment for ion-plasma modification of materials and products surface and vacuum arc plasma-assisted deposition of coatings
Authors: Shugurov V V , Koval N N , Krysina O V , Prokopenko N A
Published: November 2019

The paper presents the detailed description of QUINTA experimental equipment for ion-plasma modification of materials and products surface and vacuum arc plasma-assisted deposition of coatings, which was developed at the laboratory of plasma emission electronics of the Institute of High Current Electronics SB RAS. It is in the list of unique electrophysical setups of the Russian Federation (UNICUUM). In the paper there is the example of the use of QUINTA setup, it is the vacuum arc plasma-assisted deposition of wear-resistant ZrN-based coatings. The mechanical characteristics of the coatings, the elemental and phase composition are presented.
Deposition of cubic tungsten carbide coating on metal substrates at sputtering of electric discharge plasma
Authors: Sivkov A , Shanenkov I , Ivashutenko A , Nikitin D , Shanenkova Y , Rahmatullin I
Published: November 2019

Hexagonal modifications of tungsten carbide are widely used in various metalworking products and tools. However, the cubic tungsten carbide phase is still poorly understood due to significant difficulties in its synthesis, both in the form of powdered products, and in bulk form. This leads to the impossibility of conducting direct studies of its physical and mechanical properties. This paper shows the opportunity to obtain bulk coatings with a thickness of up to 70 μm, mainly consisting of cubic tungsten carbide using the plasma-dynamic method. The coating formation occurs when spraying the electric discharge tungsten-carbon containing plasma on a metal substrate made of a titanium and aluminum alloy due to the high rate of sputtering and crystallization. This allows synthesizing a stable coating adherent to the substrate based on cubic tungsten carbide with a purity of its yield of at least 85 wt.%.
Influence study of the plasma dynamic method energy parameters on the phase composition of the Al-Mg-O system products
Authors: Sivkov A A , Ivashutenko A S , Rakhmatullin I A , Shanenkova Yu L , Tsimmerman A I
Published: November 2019

This article shows the possibility of obtaining aluminum-magnesium-oxygen system materials by plasma dynamic synthesis. The results of the influence study of the coaxial magnetoplasma accelerator input energy on the phase composition of the plasma dynamic synthesis product are presented. X-ray structural analysis showed the possibility of obtaining nanostructured material with the content of the phases of gamma aluminum oxide and some spinels of different stoichiometry. It was found that with increasing the value of the accelerator input energy, the total percentage of the spinel phases decreases from 12 to 7%. The results of transmission electron microscopy confirmed the absence of the spinel phase MgAl2O4 in the product of plasma dynamic synthesis obtained at a higher value of the input energy.
Possibility of obtaining TiO2 material by plasma dynamic method into an air atmosphere
Authors: Sivkov A A , Ivashutenko A S , Rakhmatullin I A , Shanenkova Yu L , Vympina Yu N
Published: November 2019

This paper shows the possibility to synthesize directly the titanium dioxide in a supersonic jet of an electric discharge erosive plasma. Using the X-ray diffractometry it is shown that the obtained product contains two main crystalline phases: anatase and rutile with tetragonal syngony. The size of the coherent scattering region is less 100 nm.
Application of spark plasma sintering for consolidation study of β-sialon ceramics
Authors: Smirnov K L , Grigoryev E G
Published: November 2019

Investigated were the spark plasma sintering (SPS) of β-sialon ceramics according two different schemes: the simple sintering of pure β-Si5AlON7 powder and the reactive sintering of mixture of α-Si3N4 and β-Si2Al4O4N4 powders. The high-density homogenous structure of simple sintered β-Si5AlON7 ceramics was achieved at maximum temperature of isothermal holding Tmax
= 1550 °C by using submicron raw powder. While ceramics from coarse raw powder had porous structure and was subjected to thermal decomposition at Tmax
≥ 1750 °C. Three specific temperature intervals were revealed for the reactive sintering. At Tmax
≤ 1650 °C, the shrinkage rate attained the values sufficient for densification near to a theoretical density, without any changes in the size/morphology of starting particles and without transformation of starting α-Si3N4 into β-sialon. At Tmax
= 1700–1750 °C, starting α-Si3N4 was found to undergo transformation into β-sialon but without marked changes in the size/morphology of starting particles. At Tmax
≥ 1750 °C, the sintered ceramics exhibited a marked growth in the size and change in the shape of sintered particles.
Plasmochemical synthesis fullerenes C60 and C70 at atmospheric pressure and the effect of fullerenes on hydration of Portland cement
Authors: Smirnyagina N N , Tsyrenov B O , Dasheev D E , Semenov A P , Urkhanova L A , Lkhasaranov S A
Published: November 2019

The paper presents the results of modification cement composites by carbon nano modifier which contains fullerenes C60 and C70. Carbon nanomodifier obtained in high-frequency arc discharge at atmospheric pressure. There are fullerenes C60 and C70, carbon nanotubes in composition of carbon nanomodifier. Carbon nanomodifier improves physical and mechanical properties with small amounts of additives. Cement hydration, and phase composition change with the use of carbon nanomodifier that allows obtaining a composite with improved properties.
Structural features of the magnetron sputtered CuO/GDC anodes for solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Solovyev A A , Ionov I V , Semenov V A , Shipilova A V , Rabotkin S V
Published: November 2019

The paper presents the results of the research of structure of a thin film CuO/Ce0.9Gd0.1O2-δ (CuO/GDC) anode for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) prepared by magnetron sputtering. Cu-based anode materials of SOFCs are of great interest because they exhibit greater tolerance to sulfur-containing fuels than the widely used Ni-based composite anodes. After deposition, annealing in air and reducing atmospheres, the composition, microstructure and crystallinity of the films were characterized using energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry, respectively. The as-deposited film consists of cubic fluorite structures of GDC and Cu2O and has a dense, homogeneous structure, in which Cu is evenly distributed over the volume of the film. However, it was shown that, strong Cu segregation is observed in CuO/GDC films, after reduction in hydrogen at a temperature of 750 °C, with the formation of massive agglomerates on the surface. The influence of pre-calcination of the as-deposited films at 1000 °C and 1200 °C on their structure was studied. It is shown that annealing at a temperature of 1000 °C does not prevent the agglomeration of Cu in a reducing atmosphere, while Cu evaporation is observed if annealing temperature is 1200 °C.
Surface temperature measurements of TiCuN-A7 system during pulsed electron-beam treatment
Authors: Teresov A D , Krysina O V , Moskvin P V , Ivanov Yu F , Akhmadeev Yu H , Lopatin I V
Published: November 2019

The paper deals with surface temperature measurements of the TiCuN-A7 system during the pulsed submillisecond e-beam treatment. The variable parameters include beam energy density, pulse duration, and coating thickness. The authors determine the temperature dependences, maximum temperature values, as well as the heating and cooling rates of the surface treated with a pulsed electron beam. They establish the optimal conditions for electron-beam treatment of the TiCuN-A7 system.
The influence of architectural coatings based on intermetallics, carbides, oxides and nitrides of the Ti-Al system on their physico-mechanical properties
Authors: Vardanyan E L , Ramazanov K N , Nazarov A Yu , Nagimov R Sh
Published: November 2019

The results of the study of the thickness influence of the layers are considered, as well as the architecture of composite coatings of the physico-mechanical properties of coatings based on the Ti-Al intermetallic system. The results of the thickness influence of the layers on the coatings properties are discussed. It has been established that in coatings of the Ti-Al system (N, O, C) under decrease in the thickness of the applied layers, an increase in the microhardness occurs due to a decrease in grain sizes, the growth of which is blocked by the application of a new coating layer.
Designing of equipment for the synthesis of coatings from nitrides and carbides of intermetallic Ti-Al systems by condensation of plasma flows generated with vacuum arc
Authors: Vardanyan E L , Ramazanov K N , Kireev R M
Published: November 2019

The quality characteristics of Ti-TiN multilayer vacuum ion-plasma coatings are studied, among which are as follows: roughness and adhesive strength. It is shown that additional ion bombardment contributes to obtaining high-quality coatings. Ion bombardment has a significant impact on the state of metal surface layer. In the process of ion bombardment, the conditions for formation of active adsorption centers as well as formation of a fine-grained structure, nanoscale grains and layers are created.
Model calculation of the stoichiometric composition of three-component vacuum ion plasma coatings
Authors: Vardanyan E L , Ramazanov K N , Nazarov A Yu , Nagimov R Sh
Published: November 2019

Development and creation of intermetallic materials and nanostructured, amorphous materials, coatings with high physicochemical properties and technologies for their production are priority strategic directions for the development of materials and technologies. A mathematical model has been developed that makes it possible to determine the stoichiometric composition of the Ti-Al-O, Ti-Al-C, Ti-Al-N coatings under given treatment conditions. On the basis of the model, a software was created that allows calculating the ionic saturation current for each of the cathodes and the flow of metal ions per unit area per unit time at an arbitrary point of the vacuum chamber. Using the software product, it is possible to determine the stoichiometric composition of the Ti-Al-O, Ti-Al-C, Ti-Al-N system coatings, depending on the technological modes of their deposition from the vacuum-arc plasma.
Analysis and rationale for the use of coating microhardness as a controlled parameter
Authors: Yagafarov I I
Published: November 2019

The article is concerned with the possibility to use coating microhardness as a parameter of standardization. The TiN coatings were deposited by vacuum arc plasma. A series of experiments was carried out to establish the patterns for the microhardness to change, subject to specific deposition regimes. The article presents the conditions for coating microhardness to be taken as a parameter of standardization. It provides the microhardness ranges necessary to monitor the quality of coatings.
Study of adhesion characteristic of a surface alloy formed by a low-energy high-current electron beam
Authors: Yakovlev E V , Markov A B , Shepel D A , Petrov V I
Published: November 2019

In the present work, the adhesive strength of the surface alloy with different transition layer thickness was measured. A Ni-Cu surface alloy is formed using successive operations of Ni film deposition followed by mixing in a melted phase with the Cu substrate by a low-energy, high-current electron beam (LEHCEB). A different thickness of the transition layer was obtained by varying the thickness of Ni film deposited during the formation of the surface alloy. The study includes characterization of formed Ni-Cu surface alloys by scanning electron microscopy, in-depth elements distribution and scratch test. The results obtained showed correlation with thickness of the transition layer and adhesive strength of the surface alloy.
Interaction of cold atmospheric plasma jet with bio targets: different sensitivities of human cell lines
Authors: Zakrevsky Dm , Yelak E , Gugin P , Golubitskaya E , Troizkaja O , Koval O , Vagapov S , Schweigert I
Published: November 2019

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) jet device is developed and CAP jet was applied for the treatment of normal and cancer cells. The characteristics of plasma jet consisting of a sequence of cathode directed streamers are studied in the experiment and numerical fluid model simulations. A content of mixture of active radicals and ions due to plasma enhanced chemical reactions is calculated with 0D chemical model near the surface of biotarget. The evolution of spatial distribution of the streamer parameters (electric field, electron and ion density, electron energy) delivered by the streamer to the biotarget is calculated. The results of cell viability analysis of normal cells, HEK 293 (kidney embryonic stem cells) and malignant cells, A431 (skin carcinoma) demonstrate the different sensitivity to the indirect CAP jet treatment.
Influence of gas discharge plasma on forming process and properties of complex films
Authors: Zhidik Y S , Danilina T I , Chistoedova A A , Zhidik E V , Bitner L R
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we present the research results on the formation mechanism of stoichiometric compounds of complex thin films formed by ion-plasma sputtering in reactive gases environment. The kinetics of complex films’ formation and growth is studied as well as the change in characteristics of microelectronics elements formed on the basis of thin films during their electron-ion bombardment.
Modelling of Mossbauer spectra of layered metal systems obtained by ion-plasma sputtering
Authors: Zhubaev A K , Yerezhepova S K , Mukhanbetzhan T S
Published: November 2019

The layered Zr(2 μm)-Fe(10 μm), Sn(4 μm)-Fe(10 μm) and Sn(4 μm)-Zr(2 μm)-Fe(10 μm) systems subjected to isochronous annealings have been studied. The sequence of phase transformations is determined. In the three-layer system, the formation of intermetallic compounds with a high content of Zirconium and a solid solution α-Fe(Sn, Zr) is established. The spectra of 57Fe nuclei in Iron-based alloys of various concentrations were calculated. A comparison with the experimental spectra of the layered systems obtained by ion-plasma deposition of Tin and Zirconium on an armco iron substrate and subjected to thermal annealing at 750 °C showed a good correlation.