bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of electrode distance on heating behaviour associated to radio frequency processing of low moisture foods
Authors: Shi H.J. , Sun Z.J. , Yan Z.M. , Ren J.B.
Published: October 2017

Temperature uniformity and heating rate subjected to radio frequency (RF) heating have major impact on the quality of treated low moisture foods. The objective of this paper was to analyse the influence of electrode distance on the heating behaviour of RF on condition that the sample shape, size, and location between the electrodes were defined. Considering peanut butter (PB) and wheat flour (WF) as sample food, a 3D computer simulation model was developed using COMSOL, which was experimentally validated by a RF machine (27.12 MHz, 6 kW). Specifically, the electrode distances were selected as 84, 89, 93, 99 and 89, 93, 98, 103 (mm) for RF heating of PB and WF, respectively. Results showed that the simulated results and experimental data agreed well; the temperature-time histories of the RF heating of PB and WF were approximate straight lines; both the temperature uniformity index and the heating rate decreased with the increase of the electrode distance; the heating rate had a negative logarithmic linear relationship with the electrode distance, which was independent of the types, geometry shapes and sizes of low moisture foods.
Fomitopsis pinicola in healthful dietary approach and their therapeutic potentials
Authors: Sevindik M. , Akgul H. , Akata I. , Alli H. , Selamoglu Z.
Published: October 2017

Certain macrofungi species have been used for medical purposes and as nutrients since the old times. The present study aims to determine and compare total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) values, and Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Ni levels in Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw.) P. Karst samples gathered in Balıkesir province Kazdağı National Park and Yalova province Çınarcık Hasan Baba Woods in Turkey. TAS, TOS, and OSI values of mushroom samples were measured with Rel Assay kits. Mushroom heavy metal content was determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer and wet decomposition procedure. In the samples collected from Çınarcık district, OSI values were 0.99±0.03, while in the samples collected from Kazdağı National Park, OSI values were 0.13±0.01. Fe content in the samples collected from Çınarcık district were 265.9±70.5 ppm, while Fe content in the samples collected from Kazdağı National Park were 31.31±1.43 ppm. As a result, it is considered that the mushrooms could be used as antioxidant source. Furthermore, it could be argued that as a result of the increase in heavy metal levels, the production of oxidants increases in living organisms, which in turn increases the oxidative stress index.
Integrated Flow Processing — Challenges in Continuous Multistep Synthesis
Authors: Pieber Bartholomäus , Gilmore Kerry , Seeberger Peter H.
Published: October 2017

The way organic multistep synthesis is performed is changing due to the adoption of flow chemical techniques, which has enabled the development of improved methods to make complex molecules. The modular nature of the technique provides not only access to target molecules via linear flow approaches but also for the targeting of structural cores with single systems. This perspective article summarizes the state of the art of continuous multistep synthesis and discusses the main challenges and opportunities in this area.
«МОБІКАН » - Б ІЛКОВО - ВІТАМІННО - МІНЕРАЛЬНА ДОБАВКА ДЛЯ ДОМАШНІХ ТВАРИН
Authors: Макаринська А. В.
Published: October 2017

В матеріалах статті наведені проблеми прояву дисплазії у  домашніх тварин (собак) та шляхи її усунення за допомогою введення в раціон  білково-вітамінно-мінеральних добавок. Представлені наукові та практичні результати розробки ТУ У 10.9-2574413678-001:2017 Білково-вітамінно-мінеральна добавка для собак “Мобікан”.  На основі норм годівлі, хімічних властивостей кормової сировини, біологічних та зоотехнічних досліджень науковообґрунтовані склад та рецептура білково-вітамінно-мінеральної добавки (БВМД) для собак. БВМД для собак “Мобікан” виготовляють згідно затверджених рецептур шляхом дозування та змішування попередньо очищеної і підготовленої білкової сировини тваринного і рослинного походження, мінеральної сировини, пробіотику, преміксу і фітобіотиків (сухих екстрактів рослин).  Надано опис та принципову блок-схему виробництва БВМД для собак. Технологічна схема виробництва БВМД для собак включає наступні операції: розтарювання та очистка всіх видів сировини; її подрібнення та гранулометрична підготовка; дозування підготовлених макро- і мікрокомпонентів;дозування і змішування попередньої суміші мікрокомпонентів;основне змішування всіх компонентів або макрокомпонентів з попередньою сумішшю мікрокомпонентів;пакування білково-вітамінно-мінеральної добавки. Наведені технологічні режими процесу змішування у V-подібному змішувачі марки VM-35L: для мікрокомпонентів протягом 120…160 с при частоті обертання робочого органу змішувача n = 1,25…1,4 c-1 ; основне змішування  протягом 240…300 с при частоті обертання робочого органу змішувача n = 1,25…1,4 c-1.  Представлені дані оцінки якості БВМД для собак за органолептичними,  фізико-хімічними,  мікробіологічними показниками та показниками безпеки у відповідності з методами контролювання. Гарантійний термін зберігання БВМД для собак «Мобікан» – не більше 2-х місяців з дня виготовлення. Добова норма складає 5 г з розрахунку на 10 кг живої ваги. Виробництво БВМД дозволить розширити асортимент білково-вітамінно-мінеральних добавок для домашніх тварин вітчизняного виробництва та суттєво знизить витрати, оскільки зможе повністю замінити та навіть перевершити кращі закордонні аналоги, допоможе значно зекономити кошти кінологів, бо є значно дешевою.
Types of Aging Depending on the Mode of Life: Foreign Experience
Authors: Reznichenko S.I.
Published: October 2017

Aging well is one of the key issues of modern gerontopsychology, health and environmental psychology. In ecological psychology, late adulthood is considered as the most sensitive to the physical and organizational environmental settings stage in human life due to exhausted physical and social resources in the elderly and increasing environmental demands (Environmental press–competence model). The article is devoted to the modern researches of two types of aging – aging in place and institutional care, in terms of its beneficial effects on psychological health and quality of life of elderly people.
Génesis pensamiento jurídico en la literatura mitológica
Authors: Ferro Torres José Guillermo
Published: October 2017

El objetivo de este artículo es iniciar la identificación de las conexiones existentes entre el mito con el Derecho una vez descrita la relación entre el Derecho y la literatura presentada en el primer artículo de la investigación adscrito al proyecto Derecho penal y Literatura dentro de la línea de investigación Derecho penal y realidad de la Facultad de Derecho Usta, presentando los múltiples puntos de contacto entre los dos apartados, para luego arribar a las conclusiones desprendidas de tal emparentamiento, entendiendo al mito como la forma más antigua de advenimiento del pensamiento literario en sus enclaves con el Derecho penal especialmente al indicarle al hombre primitivo una opción de comportamiento adecuado según las expectativas de esas primeras sociedades humanas.
Presidencia imperial y desequilibrio de poderes en Colombia
Authors: Rodríguez Ortega Julio Armando
Published: October 2017

Este articulo identifica y caracteriza, el desequilibrio de poderes en Colombia, que ha dado lugar,

a una presidencia imperial, deslegitimadora, del Estado de Derecho, y del mismo sistema jurídico, pues se han desvirtuado de tal forma las garantías constitucionales; que los grandes acontecimientos sociales y políticos están provocando un alto grado de obsolescencia de las instituciones jurídicas y políticas, particularmente de la Democracia en la que más se evidencia la quiebra del esquema originario propuesto para la separación de las ramas del poder público y la nula aplicabilidad la primacía del interés general sobre los intereses particulares. Se requiere por lo tanto la reconstrucción del Estado y de la democracia, para involucrar seriamente la participación de los ciudadanos, más allá de la simple actividad electoral o electorera a fin de que sean los electores y no los elegidos, quienes detenten el poder. Con tal finalidad el Estado debe reconocer la existencia y el protagonismo de las comunidades, abriendo espacios de participación y autorregulación, para que pueda tomar parte efectivamente en las políticas y en las decisiones que los afectan, contribuyendo así a fijar su destino de acuerdo, con las sanas reglas del principio de la subsidiariedad.
La rebelión y el narcotráfico como delitos conexos en el ordenamiento penal colombiano
Authors: Castro Calvache John Jairo
Published: October 2017

El trabajo revisa desde el punto jurídico penal el tipo delictivo de la rebelión, sin considerar el

ámbito político del mismo, por “…ello el análisis se hará valiéndonos de las categorías propias del ius puniendi.” en el marco del actual debate sobre los delitos que pueden ser objeto de amnistías o indultos para los miembros de la guerrilla que podrían desmovilizarse, la rebelión no ofrece problema alguno para ser objeto de tales medidas, pues su naturaleza y tratamiento histórico lo ubican como delito político.

Nos limitaremos en este análisis a considerar en abstracto si alguien que cometiere delito de narcotráfico con fines políticos podría ser beneficiario de las prebendas propias de los delincuentes políticos.
Features of the urine peptidome under the condition of hypertensive pathologies of pregnancy
Authors: Sergeeva V.A. , Muminova K.T. , Starodubtseva N.L. , Kononikhin A.S. , Bugrova A.E. , Indeykina M.I. , Baibakova V.V. , Khodzhaeva Z.S. , Kan N.E. , Frankevich V.E. , Shmakov R.G. , Nikolaev E.N. , Sukhikh G.T.
Published: October 2017

In order to find a peptide panel to differentiate close hypertensive conditions a case-control study was designed for 64 women from 4 groups: preeclampsia (PE), chronic hypertension superimposed with PE, chronic hypertension, and healthy individuals. Chromatography coupled with mass-spectrometry and subsequent bioinformatic analysis showed several patterns in the changes of the urine peptidome. There were 36 peptides common for four groups. Twenty two of them 22 belonged to alpha-1-chain of collagen I, nine peptides were from alpha-1-chain of collagen III, two from alpha-2-chain of collagen I, one from alpha-1/2-chain of collagen I, one from alpha-1-chain of collagen I/XVIII and one from uromodulin. Patients with hypertensive disorders had 34 common peptides: 12 from alpha-1-chain of collagen I, 10 from fibrinogen alpha-chain, eight from alpha-1-chain of collagen III, and 4 per other types of collagen. Comparative analysis revealed 12 peptides, which could be used as a diagnostic panel for confident discrimination of pregnant women with various hypertensive disorders.
Computational prediction of human immunodeficiency resistance to reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Authors: Tarasova O.A. , Filimonov D.A. , Poroikov V.V.
Published: October 2017

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and leads to over one million of deaths annually. Highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) is a gold standard in the HIV/AIDS therapy. Nucleoside and non-nucleoside inhibitors of HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) are important component of HAART, but their effect depends on the HIV susceptibility/resistance. HIV resistance mainly occurs due to mutations leading to conformational changes in the three-dimensional structure of HIV RT. The aim of our work was to develop and test a computational method for prediction of HIV resistance associated with the mutations in HIV RT. Earlier we have developed a method for prediction of HIV type 1 (HIV-1) resistance; it is based on the usage of position-specific descriptors. These descriptors are generated using the particular amino acid residue and its position; the position of certain residue is determined in a multiple alignment. The training set consisted of more than 1900 sequences of HIV RT from the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance database; for these HIV RT variants experimental data on their resistance to ten inhibitors are presented. Balanced accuracy of prediction varies from 80% to 99% depending on the method of classification (support vector machine, Naive Bayes, random forest, convolutional neural networks) and the drug, resistance to which is obtained. Maximal balanced accuracy was obtained for prediction of resistance to zidovudine, stavudine, didanosine and efavirenz by the random forest classifier. Average accuracy of prediction is 89%.
Single-domain adapted antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis, preserving the development of chlamidic infection in vitro
Authors: Tillib S.V. , Morgunova E.Y. , Ivanova T.I. , Koroleva E.A. , Rutovskaya M.V. , Zigangirova N.A.
Published: October 2017

The technology for the generating of single-domain recombinant monoclonal antibodies (nanoantibodies) based on the immunization of a camel, cloning of induced sequences encoding single-domain antigen-recognizing fragments of non-canonical camel antibodies, as well as functional selection of clones of nanoantibodies by the phage display method, was used to obtain new effective tools for more efficient diagnostics of Chlamydia infection and to develop new approaches for effective therapy. Two promising nanoantibodies were obtained. They showed effective binding to extracellular and intracellular forms of C. trachomatis, and also had activity that inhibited the development of chlamydial infection in vitro.
Physicochemical properties of lipopeptide-based liposomes and their complexes with siRNA
Authors: Turetskiy E.A. , Koloskova O.O. , Nosova A.S. , Shilovskiy I.P. , Sebyakin Yu.L. , Khaitov M.R.
Published: October 2017

siRNA/cationic liposome complexes are efficient systems for transmembrane delivery. The aim of this study was to prepare a novel complex consisted of lipotripeptide OrnOrnGlu(C16H33)2 and siRNA molecule and examined their physicochemical properties. Electron microscopy study has shown that the siRNA/liposome complex (m/m 1/10) tends to form sandwich-like structures that may protect nucleic acid from nuclease degradation. Photon correlation spectroscopy data indicate that the particle size increased after siRNA adding, but did not exceed 300 nm in diameter, while z-potential of lipoplexes decreased from 22 mV to 14 mV, compared to the empty liposomes thus indicating positive charge neutralization by negatively charged siRNA. These data allow to hypothesize that such size and total positive charge could provide efficient cellular uptake by endocytosis. That may have good prospects for gene silencing therapy.
Role of water soluble contrast in adhesive small bowel obstruction, a prospective randomised control trail
Authors: Das Bhuban Mohan , Pattanaik Sushil Kumar , Dash Prafulla , Sahoo Abhinash , Rajan B.Nembian Raja
Published: October 2017

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic and therapeutic role of urografin (water soluble contrast agent) in patients with adhesive small bowel obstruction.Methods: This was a prospective study conducted in the department of surgery in association with the department of Radiology, in S.C.B.M.H, Cuttack. Odisha India. Total patients with clinical and radiological evidence of adhesive SBO were selected for this study. The primary outcome in the diagnosis role of WSCA was its ability to predict the need for surgery.in the therapeutic role, the following were evaluated, resolution of SBO without surgery, time from admission to resolution, duration of hospital stays, complications and mortality.Results: 129 prospective patients were included. The appearance of contrast in the colon within 4-24 Hrs, after administration had a sensitivity of 96 percent and specificity of 98 percent in predicting resolution of SBO.Conclusions: Water soluble contrast agent (urografin) was effective in predicting the need for surgery in patients with adhesive SBO. In addition, it reduced the need for operation and shortened hospital stay.
Correlation of lipids and lipoprotein concentration with body mass index in obese, overweight and normal weight south Indian adults
Authors: B. Gayathri , V. M. Vinodhini
Published: October 2017

Background: Obesity a chronic disorder is gradually becoming a serious public health problem in many countries. The aim of the study was designed to measure serum lipids and lipoproteins as marker for cardiovascular disease among obese and overweight South Indian adults.Methods: The study was done between June 2016 to December 2016, in SRM medical college hospital and research centre, Kattankulathur which comprised of 270 participants of both gender in the age of 18- 55 years. 90 individuals with body mass index (BMI ≥25kg/m2), 90 individuals with BMI in the range of 23.0 to 24.99kg/m2 and 90 age and sex matched controls (BMI = 18 to 22.99kg/m2) were selected for the study. Serum levels of total cholesterol, Triacylglycerol, high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) were analyzed by using auto analyzer Beckman Coulter AU480. The cardiac risk ratio 1 (cholesterol/HDL-C ratio) and 2 (LDL-C/HDL-C) ratio were calculated.Results: The difference between the mean values of total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-C, were found to be statistically significant across the three groups. Positive correlation was observed between BMI and cardiac risk ratios one and two in both obese and overweight groups.Conclusions: Cardiac risk is increased in South Indian overweight and obese individuals which is evident from the elevated levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C and cardiac rick ratio one (cholesterol/HDL-C ratio) and two (LDL-C/HDL-C).
A study of contrast sensitivity changes in normal individual and diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Noticewala Vaibhavee , Shastri Manisha
Published: October 2017

Background: To study contrast sensitivity changes in healthy individuals and in diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy.Methods: Study was conducted at tertiary care hospital, Surat. Contrast sensitivity functions were assessed with PELLI ROBSON CHART with help of electronic displays. Results were analyzed using chi square test.Results: Total 114 patients were taken into study. Maximum patients were in age group 46-55 years. Mean age of diabetic individuals was 51 and in healthy individual mean age is 52. Total 18 patients with Diabetic retinopathy, among 57 diabetic patients were taken into study. Sex ratio in diabetic group is Male: Female 2.5:1 and healthy individual is Male: Female 2.1:1. There is significant reduction in contrast sensitivity function in subjects with diabetes as compared to healthy individuals. (P value<0.05) There is significant reduction in Visual Acuity (P value<0.05). There was significant association of high FBS and PP2BS level with diabetic retinopathy and contrast sensitivity, the contrast sensitivity function decreases as metabolic control of blood sugar level fluctuates. In present study, Duration of diabetes mellitus doesn’t have significant association with contrast sensitivity function. (p value > 0.05) In present study, there isn’t significant association of contrast sensitivity function and visual acuity with cataract, as above patients were having early or few cataract changes. (p value > 0.05). In present study, there isn’t significant association between blood pressure control and contrast sensitivity function (p value > 0.05).Conclusions: Majority of the subjects in the present study belonged to the age group 46-55 years (38.6%). Mean age of diabetic individuals was 51 and healthy individual mean age is 52. Total 18 patients with DR, among 57 diabetic patients were taken into study. Sex ratio (male: female) in diabetic group is 2.5:1 and healthy individual is 2.1:1. There is significant reduction in contrast sensitivity function in subjects with diabetes as compared to healthy individuals. (P value<0.05). So is with decimal equivalent VA and decimal equivalent BCVA. (Both P value<0.05). There is significant association between FBS and PP2BS level with contrast sensitivity, the contrast sensitivity function decreases as metabolic control of blood sugar level fluctuates. (P value< 0.05). There was significant association between high FBS level and diabetic retinopathy as well. (p value<0.05).
A study of weekly paclitaxel vs weekly cisplatin with concomitant chemoradiation in locally advanced head and neck cancer
Authors: Daru Himadri Kumar , Sobita Devi Yumkhaibam , Sobita Devi Yumkhaibam , Singh Jaichand , Singh Jaichand
Published: October 2017

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the role of concomitant chemoradiation using paclitaxel versus cisplatin in locally advanced head and neck cancers.Methods: 52 patients were randomly assigned to one of the two concomitant chemoradiation arms: arm I (n=26) and arm II (n= 26) who received injection of paclitaxel 40 mg/m2 I/V 1-hour infusion before radiation, repeated weekly for 6 cycles, and cisplatin 30 mg/m2 I/V 1-hour infusion before radiation, repeated weekly for 6 cycles, respectively. The planned radiotherapy dose was 66-70 Gy, 2 Gy/day, 5#/Week in 6-7 weeks.Results: Response rates were 69.2% and 57.7% in arm I and arm II, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference observed between the study group and the control group (P = 0.85) On median follow up of 7-15 months, Disease free survival was (83.3%) in arm I compared with (73.3%) in arm II but the difference was statistically insignificant. Local toxicities including mucositis, dysphasia and skin reactions were more in the study the haematological toxicity was generally mild. On the contrary, non-hematologic toxicities were severe. Grade IV mucositis occurred in 26.9% in arm I and in 3.8% in arm II (P = 0.003). Moreover, grade IV dermatitis were encountered in 23.1% in arm I (P = 0.00).Conclusions: Both concomitant chemoradiotherapy regimens were easily given in the outpatient clinic. The regimen based on paclitaxel was more effective; however, the difference was insignificant.
Utilization pattern of child health care services in the rural area of Surendranagar district: a community based cross sectional study
Authors: Vachhani Pushti V. , Bhimani Nishant R. , Sutaria Nishith B. , Kartha Girija P.
Published: October 2017

Background: Infant and child mortality continues to be a major public health problem all over the country. Despite the existence of national programmes for improving child health in India, child mortality and morbidity continue to be high. Utilization of child health care services is poor in the rural areas, causing significant impact on the health causing increased morbidity and mortality.Methods: It was a Community based Cross-sectional study carried out in the rural area of Surendranagar district through oral questionnaire method which was pre-designed and pretested. Data on demography, history of colostrum, initiation of breastfeeding, prelacteal feeds, exclusive breastfeeding, introduction of complementary feeding, immunization, respiratory infections etc. were collected, compiled and analyzed by applying appropriate tests using SPSS.Results: Out of 154 participants, 43.51% were offered breastfeeding within one hour of birth. Association was observed between initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, time of introduction of complementary foods and duration of breastfeeding and utilization of health education services. Educational level of mothers and immunization status of the children had a significant statistical association. The overall prevalence of ARI was 31.82% & of Diarrhoea was 39.61%.Conclusions: A positive association was observed between nutritional status and utilization of nutritional services. Significant impact of health education services given during the antenatal period was observed on initiation of breastfeeding as well as exclusive breastfeeding. Although child services in India have been created, strengthened and expanded over the years, their performance in terms of utilization particularly in rural area is still limited.
FNAC, cell block and core needle biopsy in diagnosis of lung masses: a necessity or choice?
Authors: Makde Manjiri M. , Umap Pradeep , Munje Radha
Published: October 2017

Background: Lung cancer is the commonest cancer mortality in the world. In targeted therapy era, precise cytohistological diagnosis is offered traditionally by FNAC, Cell Block (CB) and Core Needle Biopsy (CNB). However, little is known whether one technique is superior to other or all the three techniques complement each another. Therefore, this is a unique study as no other study has compared these techniques together till date. The objective of the study was to evaluate performance of FNAC, Cell block (CB) and Core Needle Biopsy (CNB) individually and comparing them with each other.Methods: This was a prospective study of 50 cases who underwent two passes-1st for FNAC smears and Cell Block and 2nd for CNB.Results: Material was Inadequate in 8 cases by FNAC 16 with Cell Block and 02 with CNB. When adequate, diagnosis and typing was possible by Cell Block (32) and CNB (48). In 08 FNAC cases having adequate material, cytological typing wasn’t possible. These 08 cases were typed by cell block as 07 malignant and 01 pre-malignant. The combined inadequate cases with cyto-technique (FNAC and Cell Block) were 04 compared to 02 cases on CNB. Combined sensitivity of Cyto-techniques was 95.4% compared to 97% on CNB. The specificity was 100% for both Cyto-techniques and CNB.Conclusions: Diagnostic adequacy and test parameters improved and approached CNB when both cyto-techniques are combined. So, we strongly recommend that Cell Block be made routine diagnostic procedure in all the government institutions especially for guided FNAC.
Effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge about postnatal care among mothers
Authors: Joshi Neha , B. Gomathi , Bala Kanchan , V. Mahalingam
Published: October 2017

Background: Mothers and new-borns are vulnerable to illness and deaths during the postnatal period. Care during postnatal period is the important part of maternal health care as the serious and life-threatening complications can occur in postnatal period.Methods: A Quantitative approach with pre- experimental design was used to study the effectiveness of STP on postnatal care. Sixty postnatal mothers were selected from tertiary care hospital. The Purposive sampling techniques was used to select the study subjects. Data was collected by using Structured Knowledge questionnaire.Results: The results show that the overall mean pre-test knowledge score of postnatal mothers was 19.8±2.98 and mean post-test knowledge score of postnatal mothers was 26.28±1.89 and the mean difference was 6.48. This revealed that the STP was an effective method in improving mother’s knowledge on postnatal care. There was no significant association found between pre-test knowledge score with their demographic variables except occupation.Conclusions: The findings of the study revealed that STP was effective in enhancing the knowledge of postnatal mothers on postnatal care.
Abnormalities of the umbilical cord: correlation with placental histology and perinatal outcome
Authors: Gurusamy Umamaheswari , Thangavelu Ramya , Venkataswamy Chaitra
Published: October 2017

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate gross umbilical cord abnormalities and to examine its relationship with placental pathological features and perinatal outcome.Methods: We retrospectively collected 101 singleton placentas with gross umbilical cord abnormalities over 3-year period (delivered on or after 20 weeks of gestational age). Association between gross umbilical cord abnormalities such as hypercoiled cords, hypocoiled cords, thin cords, true knot, strictures, excessively long cord, and abnormal cord insertions were reviewed and evaluated for placental histology, clinical parameters and perinatal outcome.Results: The most common umbilical cord abnormality (UCA) observed was coiling abnormality (hypercoiling, hypocoiling and strictures). Gross UCAs were associated with maternal factors (preeclampsia, oligohydramnios and gestational diabetes), foetal factors (intrauterine foetal death, SGA and intrapartum complications such as NRFHR tracing and low Apgar scores) and histologic placental features (maternal vascular malperfusion, foetal vascular malperfusion, villous capillary lesions and inflammation). Cords with multiple abnormalities were significantly correlated with histologic evidence of foetal vascular obstruction and intrauterine foetal death.Conclusions: Gross UCAs, especially when multiple were associated with clinically significant placental findings and adverse perinatal outcome. Therefore, our study reinforces that all placentas with gross UCAs should be submitted for examination with complete (full length of the) umbilical cord.
A clinical study of hollow viscus injury due to blunt trauma abdomen
Authors: Kurane Sanjot B. , Ugane Subhod P.
Published: October 2017

Background: Blunt trauma abdomen is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality among younger age group. Hollow viscus injury is one of the most common cause of mortality following blunt trauma abdomen. The Objective of this research was to study clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, treatment modalities and outcome of hollow viscus injury following blunt trauma abdomen.Methods: All patients with hollow viscus injury were included in this study, All the clinical, operative and postoperative parameters were recorded. It was a retrospective observational study.Results: Total number of patients with hollow viscus injury following blunt trauma abdomen were 15%. Amongst them 88.88% were males and remaining were females. The mean age of patients was 32 years. Road traffic accident was the most common cause of blunt trauma abdomen, seen in 72 % of patients. In 81.25% patients free gas under diaphragm was seen and remaining patients were diagnosed by ultrasonography. Ileum is most commonly site of perforation, and postoperative complications were seen in 66% of patients. Mortality was seen in 22.22% of patients.Conclusions: Hollow viscus injury following blunt trauma abdomen commonly seen in younger age group, and involves small bowel. Repeated clinical examination with appropriate imaging with multidisciplinary teamwork is the key for timely intervention for successful outcomes.
Prevalence of depression and its associated factors among medical students: a study using beck depression inventory
Authors: Sharma Ravi C. , Sharma Dinesh Dutt , Kanwar Neeraj , Kanwar Pankaj , Singh Baljeet , Singh Mahender
Published: October 2017

Background: Medical education carries with it a great burden of stress that can result in depression. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of depression in medical students and various factors contributing to depression in the institute.Methods: A stratified random sample of 280 students was evaluated using Beck Depression Inventory by investigators. Associations between depression and year of study, addiction like alcohol use, family problems, family history of depression and staying away from home were analysed by univariate analysis.Results: The overall prevalence of depression was found to be 30.0%. Among those with depression, a majority (93%) had mild and moderate degree of depression. The study depicted that 41.6% (35) of the depressed were females and 58.3% (49) were males. As per the cut-off scores, 196 students (69.9%) scored as normal (0-9), 60 (21.4%) as mild (10-18), 18 (6.4%) as moderate (19-29), 4 (1.4%) as severe (30-40) and 2 (0.7%) as very severe (>40) depression. The prevalence of depression was comparatively less among 1st and 2nd year medical students (17.1%) and the difference between the grade of depression and year of study was found to be not significant (χ2=148, P=0.13). The prevalence was found more among those with family problems and family history of depression.Conclusions: In our study, depression was quite prevalent among medical students of the region. Our findings stressed the importance of broad screening and psychiatric counselling of this vulnerable population more meticulously.
Multiplex paper-based designs for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics
Authors: Seth Misago , Buza Joram
Published: October 2017

Background: Accurate and timely diagnosis is usually the first step towards appropriate disease management. In resource-limited settings, healthcare workers lack proper facilities to perform vital tests, and the diagnosis of disease is often determined by non-specific, physiological symptoms alone. Simple and rapid tests are needed as prerequisite tools for patient care and must conform to the criteria set out by the World Health Organization. To address the challenge of specific diagnosis for diseases that present with similar symptoms, multiplex diagnostic platforms must be designed.Methods: Simple designs for multiplexed paper-based diagnostic platforms were developed. Laser cutting and wax printing were used to create specific patterns on paper to guide the flow of sample and reagents towards reaction zones. Multi-arm and single strip multiplex platforms were designed and tested using Human Immunoglobulin G, Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), and Helicobacter pylori antigens.Results: All designs produced promising results with the lowest limit of detection for antigens being 30ng/ml for single strip designs.Conclusions: The use of glass fibre conjugate pad was found to be more sensitive compared wax-printed chromatography paper. Results from this study indicate great potential for further application in development of diagnostic low-cost paper-based diagnostic devices.
Cranial nerve palsy in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and response to therapy
Authors: Pramanik Samik , Gazi Md. Jahangir , Pal Salil K. , Debnath Nirod B.
Published: October 2017

Clinical presentation of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is variable. The most common symptom of CVST is headache. Cranial nerve palsy in CVST is rare. We present a case of CVST due to oral contraceptive pill usage presented with cranial nerve palsy. A 28 year old female presented with complains of headache and blurring of vision. On further evaluation, we found left 6th cranial nerve palsy with diminished vision on both eyes (left more than right). Initial CT brain imaging was normal. Magnetic resonance venography revealed thrombosis of superior sagittal sinus, right transverse sinus, and right sigmoid sinus extending into the right internal jugular vein. At the end of 6 months of anticoagulation therapy there is marked improvement of vision and complete recovery of left 6th nerve palsy. Though cranial nerve palsy in CVST have been reported previously, new findings of this case is that more sign contralateral to site of lesion and variable response to therapy.
A study of quality of life among patients undergoing mastectomy for malignant breast lesions
Authors: Shastri Apoorv , Agarwal Manoj , Patel Hardik , Sharma Avantika
Published: October 2017

Background: To evaluate quality of life of females after mastectomy and factors affecting the same, in various domains of life, and to assess whether a policy of mastectomy is practical or pragmatic in the scenario of low socioeconomic status prevalent in our region.Methods: Two hundred and forty post-operative mastectomized patients were clinically examined and subjected to a questionnaire designed by WHOQOL-BREF along with an ethically cleared questionnaire prepared according to the local prevailing conditions and Quality of Life was evaluated.Results: 52% patients reported no change in body image, only 2% patients reported depression. The total score of the quality of life was good for 40% of the patients with score of 96-130, followed by 55% with moderate 61-95 and only 5% patients with poor with score of <60.Conclusions: In developing countries like India where, there are no proper facilities for advanced haematological and radiological investigations, there is a severe lack of compliance between doctor and patient and there are no facilities for adjuvant and neo-adjuvant treatment, surgeons are forced to choose mastectomy as the surgery of choice for malignant breast lesions.
Prospective randomized study of surgical treatment of pilonidal sinus; primary midline closure after elliptical excision versus rhomboid excision with limberg flap reconstruction versus open excision and healing by secondary intention
Authors: Kumar Rajneesh , Hastir Ankur , Walia Ramandeep S. , Goyal Subhash , Kaur Amandeep
Published: October 2017

Background: Best surgical treatment of pilonidal sinus is always challenging for a surgeon in term of recurrence. Evaluation of surgical treatment of pilonidal sinus; primary midline closure after elliptical excision versus rhomboid excision with limberg flap reconstruction versus open excision and healing by secondary intention of sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease.Methods: In this prospective randomized study of 75 patients of sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus were divided into 3 equal groups through randomly assigning the type of surgery. 25 patients of each group. Group I was operated by primary midline closure after elliptical excision, Group II rhomboid excision with limberg flap reconstruction and Group III open excision and healing by secondary intention.Results: Data was assessed between three groups in term of operative time, healing time and recurrence over a follow up period of 1 year. Mean operative time in group I (primary midline closure after elliptical excision) was 38.7±5.1 minutes, group II (Rhomboid excision with Limberg flap reconstruction) was 124.2±5.6 minutes, group III (Open excision and healing by secondary intention) was 20.6±5.6 minutes. Mean healing time for group I was 19.0±7.4 days, for group II was 17.0±8.0 days and for group III was 60±9.6 days. Recurrence occurred in 3 patients in group I and nil in group II and III.Conclusions: Rhomboid excision with limberg flap reconstruction is better choice than primary midline closure after elliptical excision and open excision in terms of healing time and reoccurrence in cases of sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus.
Intraoperative safety of low pressure pneumoperitoneum cholecystectomy: a comparative study
Authors: Mahajan Salil , Shankar Manu , Garg Vinod K. , Gupta Vijender , Sorout Jaya
Published: October 2017

Background: With the establishment of laparoscopic cholecystectomy as gold standard for management of cholelithiasis, the current stress is on increasing patient safety. Hence, this study was undertaken to compare the effect of low pressure pneumoperitoneum (LPP <10mm Hg) versus high pressure pneumoperitoneum (HPP >14mm Hg) in a prospective randomized manner on intraoperative safety, assessing the working space and safety by seeing contact of parietal peritoneum to underlying viscera during secondary port insertion.Methods: 120 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomized into the LPP (<10mm Hg) group (n=60) and the HPP (>14mm Hg) group (n=60) prospectively. Available working space assessed directly, safety by contact of parietal peritoneum to underlying viscera during secondary port insertion and operative difficulty assessed by visualization, dissection and grasping, total duration of surgery; intra-operative gas consumption, and bile spillage were assessed.Results: There was no significant difference in terms of available working space, operative duration, consumption of carbon dioxide, surgeon’s operative difficulty and intraoperative bile spillage. Out of 180 secondary ports inserted, there was evident contact of 20 (11.1%) secondary ports in high pressure groups and 14 (7.7%) secondary ports in low pressure group, which is suggestive of adequate exposure and working space available for surgery at both pressures.Conclusions: Low-pressure cholecystectomy did not compromise intraoperative safety and should be the standard of care in day care surgery.
Comparison of local versus spinal anesthesia in long standing open inguinal hernia repair
Authors: Goel Anubhav , Bansal Ankur , Singh Akash
Published: October 2017

Background: Hernias are among the oldest known afflictions of human kind and elective inguinal hernia repair is commonly performed operation in general surgery. General or spinal anesthesia are still the most common types of anesthesia being used in India. Studies comparing the recovery profiles of local, general and regional anesthesia show that local anesthesia is ideal for day care surgery.Methods: This study had included 60 cases of male single sided reducible indirect long standing (more than 5 years) inguinal hernia. Patients were divided randomly into two groups of 30 each named Group A and Group B. Patients in group A were subjected to inguinal hernia mesh repair under local anesthesia and patients in group B were subjected to inguinal hernia mesh repair under spinal anesthesia. Tension free Lichtenstein hernioplasty was done in both groups.Results: Time taken in local anesthesia is higher than spinal anesthesia. Intraoperative pain is higher in local anesthesia than spinal anesthesia. There is no difference on post-operative pain. Post-operative complications are more in spinal anesthesia group.Conclusions: Patient selection is very important and patient with long history should be avoided under local anesthesia.
Excision and primary closure of pilonidal sinus: excellent results
Authors: Singh Arun , Kumar Sujit , Jyoti Vidur , Yadav Preeti , Pandey Akhilesh
Published: October 2017

Background: Pilonidal sinus (PNS) is an acquired condition described as a chronic sinus containing hairs and found between the buttocks. Best surgical method is still being searched for treatment of PNS in terms of minimizing disease recurrence and patient discomfort.Methods: The prospective study of 40 patient undergoing excision and primary closure of pilonidal sinus from October 2013 to July 2016 at Max Super Speciality Hospital Gurgaon.Results: Mean operative time was 30 minutes. One patient developed hematoma due to blockage of drain on post-operative day 2 which was flushed with saline and drain made patent, one patient developed seroma and one had wound infection. Rest other patients had uneventful course post operatively. No recurrence was noted over 6 month follow up.Conclusions: We advocate this method of treating PNS which is simple, less time consuming, short hospital stay, rapid healing, shorter time off work, minimal recurrence with excellent results.
Fine needle aspiration cytology versus trucut biopsy in the diagnosis of breast cancer: a comparative study
Authors: A. Shashirekha C. , R. Rahul Singh , R. Ravikiran H. , N. Sreeramulu P. , Prasad Krishna
Published: October 2017

Background: Most diseases of the breast present as a palpable mass. The majority of breast lesions are not malignant, and most benign lesions do not progress to cancer; however, the accuracy of diagnosis can be increased by a combination of preoperative tests like physical examination, mammography, fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), and Trucut needle biopsy (TGNB) or core needle biopsy (CNB). FNAC has grown in popularity and became the first initial used procedure after history taking and clinical examination for diagnosis of solid and cystic breast lumps. This study was designated to investigate the accuracy of FNAC in comparison to TCNB for diagnosis of breast masses, Design: Retrospective Study.Methods: In this study, 62 patients having breast lumps were studied during the period from January 2014 to January 2017 in terms of FNAC and Trucut Biopsy and were compared with tissue diagnosis. Variables like age, marital status, duration, size, menstrual status and site were analyzed using statistical analysis.Results: Out of 62 patients with breast lump, 32 were diagnosed with Benign Breast lesions, and 30 with malignant lesions. Sensitivity of FNAC and TRUCUT biopsy were 84.34% and 97.1% respectively. TRUCUT was more accurate when compared to FNAC.Conclusions: Both FNAC and Core Needle Biopsy are complimentary to each other and are useful in diagnosis of breast lesions.
Surgical management of post corrosive acid ingestion symptomatic gastric outlet obstruction: single institute experience in 81 patients
Authors: Shetty Sushruth , Desai Premal R. , Bhavsar Mahendra S. , Vora Hasmukh B. , Khiria Laxman S. , Jillawar Nikhil , Yadav Ajay Kumar
Published: October 2017

Background: Corrosive injury resulting in gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) is fairly uncommon in world literature. We aim to study the socio-demographic variables of corrosive acid ingestion patients presenting as symptomatic GOO, along with the surgical procedure performed in these patients, post-operative complications and long term follow up data.Methods: We included all patients with clinical features of gastric outlet obstruction following acid ingestion, who were operated in our department between January 2006 and April 2017. We collected patient’s demographic data, parameters during surgery, body weight and nutritional status pre- and post-operatively, which were all derived from case records and outpatient records. Follow up data of the patient were collected when possible.Results: During the study period, 81 patients were enrolled in the study; 42 males, average age 35.76±3.53 years, 82% had suicidal intent of ingestion and 18% accidental; average follow-up period was 80.5 months. After an average period of 6 months, 94% underwent loop gastrojejunostomy. Approximately, 22% suffered complications like surgical site infections, postoperative fever, pulmonary infections and postoperative vomiting. Average follow up of 6.7 years done in 68 patients who underwent only bypass without resection, none of the patients developed any malignancy of upper gastrointestinal tract.Conclusions: Staged treatment for GOO patients was seen to be associated with good clinical outcomes and few complications. Bypass of cicatrised stomach without resection gives acceptable results.
Abdominal cocoon, a rare cause of intestinal obstruction: a case report and literature review
Authors: Sedik Alaa , Maali Mufid , ElShamary AbdelMajid , ElShamary Fahed
Published: October 2017

Abdominal cocoon syndrome or sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis is a rare condition that indicates that a part or whole small bowel is encased in a fibro collagenous membrane or cocoon leading to acute or chronic bowel obstruction. Approximately 50 cases have been reported in literature. Patients usually present with a picture of bowel obstruction and most cases are diagnosed during laparotomy. Herein, we present a 31 years old Indian male presented with symptoms and signs of acute small bowel obstruction that proved to be due to an abdominal cocoon intraoperatively. Our patient underwent resection with stapled side to side anastomosis. He was readmitted again with a single intraperitoneal collection; near the anastomotic site; that was managed percutaneously. He was discharged in a good condition and was seen later in the surgery clinic free of symptoms. Early diagnosis with radiological guidance and surgical intervention may reduce morbidity of the condition.