bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential associations of positive and negative expectations with depressive symptoms
Authors: Kube Tobias , Herzog Philipp
Published: September 2022

Background

Recent research suggests that dysfunctional expectations are a particularly important subtype of cognitions in depression. However, it is unclear whether depressive symptoms are related to the presence of negative expectations, the absence of positive expectations, or both.

Methods

Using hierarchical linear regression analyses, the present study examined the predictive value of positive situation‐specific expectations, negative situation‐specific expectations, dispositional optimism, and dysfunctional attitudes for depressive symptoms 8 weeks later in a nonclinical sample (N = 157). It also examined whether the relationship between dispositional optimism and dysfunctional attitudes with depressive symptoms is mediated through situational expectations.

Results

Cross‐sectionally, depressive symptoms were more strongly associated with the presence of negative expectations than with the absence of positive expectations. In the longitudinal and mediation analyses, none of the cognitive variables had significant associations with depressive symptoms at follow‐up beyond the strong influence of baseline depressive symptoms.

Conclusions

The presence of negative expectations was cross‐sectionally more strongly associated with depressive symptoms than a lack of positive expectations, presumably due to higher variability in negative expectations in this nonclinical sample. The longitudinal and mediation analyses failed to find significant incremental effects of any of the cognitive variables because baseline depression explained the largest proportion of variance.
3‐Methylglutaconyl‐CoA hydratase deficiency: When ascertainment bias confounds a biochemical diagnosis
Authors: Hertzog Ashley , Selvanathan Arthavan , Pandithan Dinusha , Kim Won‐Tae , Kava Maina P. , Boneh Avihu , Coman David , Tolun Adviye Ayper , Bhattacharya Kaustuv
Published: September 2022

3‐Methylglutaconyl‐CoA hydratase deficiency (MGA1) is a defect in leucine catabolism, which causes the accumulation of urinary 3‐methylglutaconate, with or without 3‐hydroxyisovalerate and 3‐methylglutarate. It is an ultra‐rare condition, with <30 cases published in the literature. It is unclear whether the clinical features seen in reported patients are caused by the biochemical abnormalities, or whether they simply represent an ascertainment bias in patients that come to clinical attention. We reviewed the collective Australian experience of patients with confirmed MGA1, four of whom were diagnosed when asymptomatic through newborn screening (NBS). When our cohort is considered alongside the broader literature, there is no clear evidence of a specific childhood‐onset clinical phenotype associated with this disorder. Some patients have non‐specific clinical features (such as autism spectrum disorder [ASD]); however, there are also other family members with ASD in the absence of MGA1, suggesting a multifactorial aetiology. Importantly, all four patients diagnosed through NBS (including three with over 18 years of clinical follow‐up) remain asymptomatic in the absence of treatment. Based on the available literature, we suggest that MGA1 represents a biochemical phenotype, with an absence of a childhood clinical phenotype. The burdens of sustained treatment (particularly with intensive dietary leucine restriction) in asymptomatic individuals may be of little benefit, and likely to result in poor compliance. Longer‐term follow‐up of patients detected via NBS (or biochemical screening of large cohorts of asymptomatic adult individuals) will be required to conclusively prove or disprove the association with adult‐onset leukoencephalopathy.
Cricopharyngeus Muscle Dysfunction and Hypopharyngeal Diverticula (e.g., Zenker): A Multicenter Study
Authors: Howell Rebecca J. , Ekbom Dale , Kasperbauer Jan , Tabangin Meredith , Altaye Mekibib , Wahab Shaun , Belafsky Peter , Allen Jacqui , Amin Milan , Bayan Semirra , Cervenka Brian , deSilva Brad , Dion Greg , Friedman Aaron , Fritz Mark , Giliberto John Paul , Guardiani Elizabeth , Harmon Jeffrey , Khosla Sid , Kim Brandon , Kuhn Maggie , Kwak Paul , Ma Yue , Madden Lyndsay , Matrka Laura , Mayerhoff Ross , Piraka Cyrus , Rosen Clark , Wilson Keith , Wright Carter , Young Vyvy , Yuen Sonia , Postma Greg
Published: September 2022

Objective

To describe demographics and imaging and compare findings and symptoms at presentation in a large cohort of persons with cricopharyngeus muscle dysfunction (CPMD) with and without hypopharyngeal diverticula.

Methodology

Prospective, multicenter cohort study of all individuals enrolled in the Prospective OUtcomes of Cricopharyngeal Hypertonicity (POUCH) Collaborative. Patient survey, comorbidities, radiography, laryngoscopy findings, and patient‐reported outcome measures (e.g., Eating Assessment Tool [EAT‐10]) data were abstracted from a REDCap database and summarized using means, medians, percentages, and frequencies. Diagnostic categories were compared using analysis of variance.

Results

A total of 250 persons were included. The mean age (standard deviation [SD]) of the cohort was 69.0 (11.2). Forty‐two percent identified as female. Zenker diverticula (ZD) was diagnosed in 85.2%, 9.2% with CPMD without diverticula, 4.4% with a Killian Jamieson diverticula (KJD), and 1.2% traction‐type diverticula. There were no differences between diagnostic categories in regard to age, gender, and duration of symptoms (p = 0.25, 0.19, 0.45). The mean (SD) EAT‐10 score for each group was 17.1 (10.1) for ZD, 20.2 (9.3) for CPMD, and 10.3 (9.4) for KJD. Patients with isolated CPMD had significantly greater EAT‐10 scores compared to the other diagnostic groups (p = 0.03).

Conclusion

ZD is the most common, followed by CPMD without diverticula, KJD, and traction‐type. Patients with isolated obstructing CPMD may be more symptomatic than persons with ZD or KJD.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 133:1349–1355, 2023
Surfactant Protein A can Affect the Surface Tension of the Eustachian Tube and Macrophage Migration
Authors: Li Guodong , Chen Tao , Mao Yanyan , Ai Yu , Yan Wenqing , Lu Yanqing , Liu Wenwen , Wang Haibo , Li Li
Published: September 2022

Objective

To assess the role and possible mechanism of surfactant protein A (SPA) in the pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion (OME).

Methods

This was a multi‐part study with both an in vivo mouse model study as well as an in vitro study. The control and study groups (OME group) received phosphate‐buffered saline and inactivated Streptococcus pneumoniae, respectively, via external auditory meatus injections. Changes in the surface tension of secretions from the eustachian tube (ET) and SPA expression were measured in both groups. A transwell assay was performed to observe the effect of different concentrations of SPA on the migration ability of macrophages. We examined the differentially expressed genes related to SPA‐treated macrophages using RNA‐seq analysis.

Results

On Day 3, the surface tension of the OME group was higher than that of the control group (p = 0.014). The variation intensity of SPA in the ET of the OME group was significantly lower than that of the control group (p < 0.001). Surface tension was correlated with SPA (r = −0.525, p = 0.037). The expression of SPA and macrophages in the ET was different between the two groups. In vitro experiments revealed that macrophages showed different migration abilities with SPA concentration changes (p < 0.05). RNA‐seq and western blotting were performed after macrophages were treated with SPA. The results showed that RhoA and Rac1/2/3 were differentially expressed.

Conclusions

SPA can change the surface tension of secretions from the ET and affect macrophage migration to alter the function of the ET. Although research in this field of OME is nascent, initial work suggests that SPA likely plays an important role in OME progression.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 133:1726–1733, 2023
Global desert expansion during the 21st century: Patterns, predictors and signals
Authors: Wu Shuyao , Liu Laibao , Li Delong , Zhang Wentao , Liu Kaidu , Shen Jiashu , Zhang Linbo
Published: September 2022

Desert expansion can cause tremendous damage to human wellbeing. However, the process of shifting from the non‐desert state to the desert state, a representation of a system regime shift, remains unclear on a global scale. Clarifying the underpinning patterns, predictors and signals of this process is of great value in advancing our understanding of both ecosystem resilience and sustainable development. Here, we combine the climate classification map and long‐term observational land cover data to assess the global desert distribution and its changes from 2000 to 2019. The identified desert areas covered approximately 7.53% of the global land in the past two decades. Only approximately 16.03% of these deserts showed expanding trends, especially in countries such as Tunisia, Tajikistan, and Peru. After assessing 26 climatic, ecological, and socioeconomic factors that could potentially influence desert expansion rates, vegetation cover diversity was identified as the strongest predictor in both hot and cold deserts, followed by cattle density in hot deserts and desert size in cold deserts. In addition, we also found that pronouncedly high fluctuations in vegetation productivity could serve as a possible signal for desert conversion. Our results provide not only a long‐term overview of current global desert changing patterns but also possible guidance for constraining desert expansion.
The fungal feeding channel of the soil micro‐food web contributes to the transformation of exogenous C into soil C—A 13C labelling microcosm experiment
Authors: Zhang Zhiyong , Li Bingxue , Wang Han , Zhang Xiaoke , Cui Shuyan , An Tingting , Fu Shifeng , Mahamood Mohammad , Zhang Di , Wang Jingkuan
Published: September 2022

Plant residue is an important carbon (C) source for soil communities that motivates underground C cycling. However, the effects of plant residue quantity on the structure of the soil micro‐food web and the transformation of exogenous C within the micro‐food web after increasing organic input are not known. Thus, a microcosm experiment was carried out to investigate the responses of soil micro‐food web (including microorganisms and nematodes) to different amounts of 13C‐labelled maize residue addition treatments [without residue addition, 1/3 (1/3R), 2/3 (2/3R) and total residue addition (R)]. The abundances of residue 13C in CO2 (13CO2), soil organic C (SO13C), microorganisms (13C‐microorganisms) and nematodes (13C‐nematodes) were determined after 1, 7, 35 and 84 days. Increasing organic input changed the micro‐food web composition and increased the amount of 13C‐bacteria, 13C‐fungi and 13C‐fungivores but not 13C‐bacterivores. The result of the 13C‐based network showed that bacterivores were positively correlated with omnivores‐predators at the early stage after increasing organic input, while fungivores were at the late stage. Greater 13CO2/SO13C but lower SO13C/total 13C input ratios were found in the R than in the 1/3R treatment at the early stage. At the late stage, the R treatment decreased both 13CO2/total 13C input and 13CO2/SO13C ratios. We concluded that increasing organic input strengthened the trophic interactions between microorganisms and nematodes. The transformation of exogenous C from bacteria to bacterivores might accelerate the turnover of soil C pool, however, the C flow from fungi to fungivores and then to omnivores‐predators could contribute to the exogenous C sequestration in soil.
Optimal timing of salvage intratympanic steroids in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Wu Yongzhen , Song Zijun , Wang Yi , Zhao Hui , Ren Tongli , Jing Jianghua , Gao Na , Qiao Liang , Wang Jing
Published: September 2022

Background

Salvage intratympanic steroids (ITS) works in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) after failure of initial therapy, but optimal timing of administration is unknown.

Methods

Two hundred and seventy patients with ISSNHL were included. Among them, 180 were treated with ITS and standard medical treatment (SMT) and the other 90 received SMT along. The hearing threshold before and after salvage treatment were compared. The relationship between the salvage starting time and hearing recovery was analyzed.

Results

The hearing of ITS group improved more than that of the SMT group in all frequency bands. The effect of both strategies decreases with the delay of the starting time. ITS can improve hearing even if being administrated 5 weeks after onset while SMT failed after 3 weeks.

Conclusion

Patients with profound ISSNHL can obtain extra hearing recovery from salvage ITS. The earlier salvage starts, the greater the patient benefits.
Respiration regimes in rivers: Partitioning source‐specific respiration from metabolism time series
Authors: Bertuzzo Enrico , Hotchkiss Erin R. , Argerich Alba , Kominoski John S. , Oviedo‐Vargas Diana , Savoy Philip , Scarlett Rachel , von Schiller Daniel , Heffernan James B.
Published: September 2022

Respiration in streams is controlled by the timing, magnitude, and quality of organic matter (OM) inputs from internal primary production and external fluxes. Here, we estimated the contribution of different OM sources to seasonal, annual, and event‐driven characteristics of whole‐stream ecosystem respiration (ER) using an inverse modeling framework that accounts for possible time‐lags between OM inputs and respiration. We modeled site‐specific, dynamic OM stocks contributing to ER: autochthonous OM from gross primary production (GPP); allochthonous OM delivered during flow events; and seasonal pulses of leaf litter. OM stored in the sediment and dissolved organic matter (DOM) transported during baseflow were modeled as a stable stock contributing to baseline respiration. We applied this modeling framework to five streams with different catchment size, climate, and canopy cover, where multi‐year time series of ER and environmental variables were available. Overall, the model explained between 53% and 74% of observed ER dynamics. Respiration of autochthonous OM tracked seasonal peaks in GPP in spring or summer. Increases in ER were often associated with high‐flow events. Respiration associated with litter inputs was larger in smaller streams. Time lags between leaf inputs and respiration were longer than for other OM sources, likely due to lower biological reactivity. Model estimates of source‐specific ER and OM stocks compared well with existing measures of OM stocks, inputs, and respiration or decomposition. Our modeling approach has the potential to expand the scale of comparative analyses of OM dynamics within and among freshwater ecosystems.
Generalized Coherent Photogalvanic Effect in Coherently Seeded Waveguides
Authors: Yakar Ozan , Nitiss Edgars , Hu Jianqi , Brès Camille‐Sophie
Published: September 2022

The coherent photogalvanic effect leads to the generation of a current under the absorption interference of coherent beams and allows for the inscription of space‐charge gratings leading to a second‐order susceptibility (χ(2)). The inscribed grating automatically results in quasi‐phase‐matching between the interfering beams. Theoretical and experimental studies, considering the degenerate case of second‐harmonic generation, show significant conversion efficiency enhancements. However, the link between the theory and experiment is not fully established such that general guidelines and achievable conversion efficiency for a given material platform are still unclear. In this work, the phenomenological model of coherent photogalvanic effect in optical waveguides is theoretically analyzed. This model predicts the existence of non‐degenerate sum‐frequency generation quasi‐phase‐matching gratings, which is confirmed experimentally for the first time. Furthermore, the time dynamics of the space‐charge grating inscription in coherent photogalvanic process is formulated. Based on the developed theoretical equations, the material parameters governing the process for stoichiometric silicon nitride are extracted. The results obtained provide a basis to compare the performances and potentials of different platforms. This work not only supplements the theory of coherent photogalvanic effect, but also enables us to identify critical parameters and limiting factors for the inscription of χ(2) gratings.
Gaps, Controversies, and Proposed Roadmap for Research in Poststroke Movement Disorders
Authors: Pandey Sanjay , Joutsa Juho , Mehanna Raja , Shukla Aparna Wagle , Rodriguez‐Porcel Federico , Espay Alberto J.
Published: September 2022

Poststroke movement disorders (PSMDs) are a common cause of secondary movement disorders. Although prior studies have highlighted the clinical spectrum and phenomenology of PSMDs, there are many knowledge gaps worth addressing. Some of the most important include lack of clinical definitions, variable stroke symptom latencies, and lack of biomarkers for vulnerability for or resilience against developing PSMDs. Collectively, the association between stroke localization and phenomenology is less than 30%, and the long‐term clinical prognosis and treatment responses are highly variable. After summarizing the accumulated evidence regarding the phenomenology, pathophysiology, neuroimaging, and treatment of PSMDs, highlighting the many gaps and controversies including diagnostic challenges, we propose a roadmap for future research to fill these gaps and resolve the related controversies. More research is warranted concerning the phenomenology, classification, diagnostic criteria, and pathophysiology of PSMDs. Further, there is an urgent need for treatment guidelines for the management of PSMDs. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Information disclosure with endogenous channel structure
Authors: Jiang Yuan , Guan Xu , Bian Yiwen , Huang Song
Published: September 2022

This article investigates the firms' optimal quality information disclosure strategies in a supply chain, wherein the supplier may encroach into the retail channel to sell products directly to end consumers. We consider two disclosure formats, namely, retailer disclosure (R‐C) and supplier disclosure (S‐C), and examine the optimal disclosure format from each firm's perspective. We show that either firm prefers to delegate the disclosure option to its partner when the supplier cannot encroach. However, the threat of supplier encroachment dramatically alters the firm's preference of disclosure. The supplier may prefer the S‐C format to the R‐C format when the entry cost is low and the disclosure cost is high to achieve a higher quality information transparency. Meanwhile, the retailer may prefer the R‐C format to the S‐C format when the entry cost is intermediate to deter the possible encroachment of the supplier. In this sense, the firms' preferences of disclosure format can be aligned due to the threat of supplier encroachment. The consumer surplus is always higher under the S‐C format while either disclosure format can lead to a higher social welfare. We also consider an alternative scenario under which the supplier encroaches after the product quality information is disclosed. An interesting observation appears that the supplier may encroach when the product quality is low but foregoes encroachment when the product quality gets higher.
ICU quasi‐speciality nurses' knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding early mobilization: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Zhang Xia , Jiang Chunxia , Chen Fang , Wu Hualian , Yang Li , Jiang Zhixia , Zhou Jing
Published: September 2022

Aim

Early mobilization (EM) improves critical illness survivors' clinical outcomes. This study examines ICU quasi‐specialty nurses' EM‐related knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP).

Design

This cross‐sectional study was conducted at a provincial ICU specialty nurse training site from 2019 to 2021. KAP data were collected using a self‐report questionnaire.

Methods

Participants were registered nurses enrolled in the training programme; 485 nurses from 188 hospitals completed the questionnaire.

Results

Of the participants, 37.7% had EM training, and 30.7% reported their wards performed EM. Median (IQR) scores for knowledge, attitudes and practices were 14.0 (4.0), 47.0 (9.0) and 37.0 (8.0), belonging to medium, high and medium levels. Scores were lowest for EM scope, implementation indicators and out‐of‐bed mobilization. There were significant deviations in KAP scores amongst nurses at different levels of hospitals with EM training and whose departments performed EM. Significant positive correlations between knowledge and practice, and attitude and practice were identified.
Failure modes and effects analysis of pediatric I‐131 MIBG therapy: Program design and potential pitfalls
Authors: Maughan Nichole M. , Garcia‐Ramirez Jose L. , Huang Frederick S , Willis Daniel N. , Iravani Amir , Amurao Maxwell , Luechtefeld David , Mhlanga Joyce C. , Perkins Stephanie M. , Zoberi Jacqueline E.
Published: September 2022

Background

There is growing interest among pediatric institutions for implementing iodine‐131 (I‐131) meta‐iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) therapy for treating children with high‐risk neuroblastoma. Due to regulations on the medical use of radioactive material (RAM), and the complexity and safety risks associated with the procedure, a multidisciplinary team involving radiation therapy/safety experts is required. Here, we describe methods for implementing pediatric I‐131 MIBG therapy and evaluate our program's robustness via failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA).

Methods

We formed a multidisciplinary team, involving pediatric oncology, radiation oncology, and radiation safety staff. To evaluate the robustness of the therapy workflow and quantitatively assess potential safety risks, an FMEA was performed. Failure modes were scored (1–10) for their risk of occurrence (O), severity (S), and being undetected (D). Risk priority number (RPN) was calculated from a product of these scores and used to identify high‐risk failure modes.

Results

A total of 176 failure modes were identified and scored. The majority (94%) of failure modes scored low (RPN <100). The highest risk failure modes were related to training and to drug‐infusion procedures, with the highest S scores being (a) caregivers did not understand radiation safety training (O = 5.5, S = 7, D = 5.5, RPN = 212); (b) infusion training of staff was inadequate (O = 5, S = 8, D = 5, RPN = 200); and (c) air in intravenous lines/not monitoring for air in lines (O = 4.5, S = 8, D = 5, RPN = 180).

Conclusion

Through use of FMEA methodology, we successfully identified multiple potential points of failure that have allowed us to proactively mitigate risks when implementing a pediatric MIBG program.
The development of self–other overlap from childhood to adolescence
Authors: Meng Xiangran , Sedikides Constantine , Luo Yu L. L.
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to clarify the developmental course of self–other overlap from mid‐childhood to late adolescence. Results showed that the development of self–other overlap varied across relationship type: whereas self–stranger overlap increased, overlap with mother, father, friend, and classmate all decreased, with that for parents decreasing most.
Lightweight and tough PVDF foams via high‐pressure foam injection molding with core‐back operation
Authors: Weng Zhengsheng , Ren Qian , Wu Minghui , Zhu Xiuyu , Li Wanwan , Wang Long , Zheng Wenge
Published: September 2022

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) foams prepared by batch foaming have been intensively studied, but it still remains a challenge to fabricate high‐performance PVDF foams for structural applications. Herein, by adding polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as the minor component, the blend foams were successfully fabricated using supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) as a green blowing agent via foam injection molding (FIM) with core‐back operation. The added PMMA could reduce the crystal size of PVDF. Owing to fine cellular structure and small crystal sizes, the injection‐molded blend microcellular foams exhibited superior mechanical properties. Especially, the elongation at break and specific breaking energy of the blend foam with 40% void fraction were separately increased by 184% and 297% compared to that of the PVDF foam. These findings revealed that the lightweight microcellular PVDF foams with improved toughness could be manufactured by the scale‐up and efficient FIM technology, which showed a promising future in automotive and other structural applications.
Analytical model to predict unfrozen water content based on the probability of ice formation in soils
Authors: Wan Xusheng , Pei Wansheng , Lu Jianguo , Qiu Enxi , Yan Zhongrui , Pirhadi Nima , Zhu Jishuai
Published: September 2022

The variation in unfrozen water content with temperature substantially affects coupled heat and water transport in frozen soil, causing frost heave and thaw settlement owing to the ice and water phase change and influencing soil stability in cold regions. Thus, analyzing the mechanism of water freezing and building a predictive model for the unfrozen water content of soils is paramount. In this study, an analytical model based on equivalent contact angle was developed to predict the unfrozen water content. The relationship between the equivalent contact angle and temperature was obtained based on the assumption that the heterogeneous nucleation rate nonlinearly decreased with temperature. The proposed analytical model was validated using existing unfrozen water content data at various temperatures for a silty clay soil material from the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, and compared to several existing numerical models which predict unfrozen water content in soil materials. The results revealed a close relationship between the unfrozen water content and equivalent contact angle, and the equivalent contact angle increased as the temperature decreased. Meanwhile, the pore water in the soil first froze when the contact angle was smaller. Moreover, the values predicted by the analytical model for the unfrozen water content agreed well with the experimental results, especially under low‐temperature conditions and during the early stage of water freezing.
The signaling and selectivity of α‐adrenoceptor agonists for the human α2A, α2B and α2C‐adrenoceptors and comparison with human α1 and β‐adrenoceptors
Authors: Proudman Richard G. W. , Akinaga Juliana , Baker Jillian G.
Published: September 2022

α2‐adrenoceptors, (α2A, α2B and α2C‐subtypes), are Gi‐coupled receptors. Central activation of brain α2A and α2C‐adrenoceptors is the main site for α2‐agonist mediated clinical responses in hypertension, ADHD, muscle spasm and ITU management of sedation, reduction in opiate requirements, nausea and delirium. However, despite having the same Gi‐potency in functional assays, some α2‐agonists also stimulate Gs‐responses whilst others do not. This was investigated. Agonist responses to 49 different α‐agonists were studied (CRE‐gene transcription, cAMP, ERK1/2‐phosphorylation and binding affinity) in CHO cells stably expressing the human α2A, α2B or α2C‐adrenoceptor, enabling ligand intrinsic efficacy to be determined (binding KD/Gi‐IC50). Ligands with high intrinsic efficacy (e.g., brimonidine and moxonidine at α2A) stimulated biphasic (Gi‐Gs) concentration responses, however for ligands with low intrinsic efficacy (e.g., naphazoline), responses were monophasic (Gi‐only). ERK1/2‐phosphorylation responses appeared to be Gi‐mediated. For Gs‐mediated responses to be observed, both a system with high receptor reserve and high agonist intrinsic efficacy were required. From the Gi‐mediated efficacy ratio, the degree of Gs‐coupling could be predicted. The clinical relevance and precise receptor conformational changes that occur, given the structural diversity of compounds with high intrinsic efficacy, remains to be determined. Comparison with α1 and β1/β2‐adrenoceptors demonstrated subclass affinity selectivity for some compounds (e.g., α2:dexmedetomidine, α1:A61603) whilst e.g., oxymetazoline had high affinity for both α2A and α1A‐subtypes, compared to all others. Some compounds had subclass selectivity due to selective intrinsic efficacy (e.g., α2:brimonidine, α1:methoxamine/etilefrine). A detailed knowledge of these agonist characteristics is vital for improving computer‐based deep‐learning and drug design.
Increased hydropower production and hydropeaking mitigation along the Upper Inn River (Tyrol, Austria) with a combination of buffer reservoirs, diversion hydropower plants and retention basins
Authors: Reindl Robert , Neuner Johann , Schletterer Martin
Published: September 2022

Research on hydropeaking in Austria started in the 1990s and the implementation of the WFD stipulated large research projects since the year 2009. The first research projects supported the process understanding and in a second investigation step, measures were evaluated. The mountains in the region of Tyrol create large heads and thus support the production of flexible energy. In this region, TIWAG is operating 9 large (>10 MW) and 27 small (<10 MW) hydropower plants, with an installed capacity of about 1,550 MW and a mean annual production of 3,000 GWh. As the governmental energy strategy foresees an extension of the hydropower production in Austria, suitable options were selected in 2004 by TIWAG and the water management framework plan for Western Tyrol was developed. This strategic planning instrument proposes five large power plants, with a generation of 1,800 GWh/year of renewable energy, which enables to reach the WFD targets, because the concept includes hydropeaking mitigation by combining buffer reservoirs (impoundments), diversion hydropower plants, and retention basins. We present our promising concept of hydropeaking mitigation and exemplify this based on the GKI, a hydropeaking diversion hydropower plants (HPP) at the Swiss/Austrian border as well as the Silz hydropeaking retention basin, with a volume of about 300,000 m3. As the presented case studies are the largest measures for hydropeaking mitigation being currently implemented in Central Europe, they have pilot‐character. Thus, ongoing research and monitoring programs are expected to improve the knowledge about hydropeaking mitigation.
Forty Years of Reading Intervention Research for Elementary Students with or at Risk for Dyslexia: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Hall Colby , Dahl‐Leonard Katlynn , Cho Eunsoo , Solari Emily J. , Capin Philip , Conner Carlin L. , Henry Alyssa R. , Cook Lysandra , Hayes Latisha , Vargas Isabel , Richmond Cassidi L. , Kehoe Karen F.
Published: September 2022

This meta‐analysis included experimental or quasi‐experimental intervention studies conducted between 1980 and 2020 that aimed to improve reading outcomes for Grade K‐5 students with or at risk for dyslexia (i.e., students with or at risk for word reading difficulties, defined as scoring at or below norm‐referenced screening or mean baseline performance thresholds articulated in our inclusion criteria). In all, 53 studies reported in 52 publications met inclusion criteria (m = 351; total student N = 6,053). We employed robust variance estimation to address dependent effect sizes arising from multiple outcomes and comparisons within studies. Results indicated a statistically significant main effect of instruction on norm‐referenced reading outcomes (g = 0.33; p < .001). Because there was significant heterogeneity in effect sizes across studies (p < .01), we used meta‐regression to identify the degree to which student characteristics (i.e., grade level), intervention characteristics (i.e., dosage, instructional components, multisensory nature, instructional group size), reading outcome domain (i.e., phonological awareness, word reading/spelling, passage reading, or reading comprehension), or research methods (i.e., sample size, study design) influenced intervention effects. Dosage and reading outcome domain were the only variables that significantly moderated intervention effects (p = .040 and p = .024, respectively), with higher dosage studies associated with larger effects (b = 0.002) and reading comprehension outcomes associated with smaller effects than word reading/spelling outcomes (b = −0.080).
Post‐paddy tillage affects soil physical processes of rain‐fed rice–wheat rotation
Authors: Liang Lei , Xu Gaoming , Ding Qishuo , Wang Jiannan , Xing Quandao , Torotwa Ian
Published: September 2022

Rain‐fed rice (Oryza sativa L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (RFRW) rotation can be a resource‐saving solution for sustainable cropping systems. However, conventional puddled and flood transplanted rice, repeat tractor compaction, and years of shallow rotary tillage and paddy–dryland rotation had a negative impact on soil physical in the RFRW rotation (e.g., soil consolidation and shrinkage, shallow tillage layer). A 4‐yr field experiment was established to determine if different post‐paddy tillage systems would improve soil physical properties and plant factors. We compared no‐tillage (NT), conventional rotary tillage (RT), and deep tillage (DT) to improve the deteriorated soil structure, soil water, wheat root system, and grain yield. The results indicated that DT increased the average soil water content by 7.25% and 9.98%, increased field capacity by 9.58 and 5.23%, and decreased the soil bulk density by 6.2 and 2.2% at 0‐to‐20‐cm soil depth in 4 yr as compared to NT and RT, respectively. The NT increased the average relative soil moisture and had higher soil bulk density at 0‐to‐20‐cm depth. The DT deepened the root growth and increased the total root point numbers by 21.0 and 22.8% at 0‐to‐40‐cm soil depth in 4 yr, respectively, compared with NT and RT. In 4 yr, the DT significantly achieved higher average grain yield by 5.3 and 13.5%, respectively, compared with NT and RT. Overall, DT after rice was shown to be a promising management approach for improving wheat yields and might enable sustainable intensification of RFRW rotation.
Iron‐Based Nanocatalysts for Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction
Authors: Wang Chuqi , Zhang Yingbing , Luo Hongxia , Zhang Hui , Li Wei , Zhang Wei‐xian , Yang Jianping
Published: September 2022

Nitrate has a high level of stability and persistence in water, endangering human health and aquatic ecosystems. Due to its high reliability and efficiency, the electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) is regarded as the best available option for mitigating excess nitrate in water and wastewater, especially for the removal of trace levels of nitrate. One of the most critical factors in the electrochemical reduction are the catalysts, which directly affect the reaction efficiency of nitrate removal. Iron‐based nanocatalysts, which have the advantages of nontoxicity, wide availability, and low cost, have emerged as a promising electrochemical NO3RR material in recent years. This review covers major aspects of iron‐based nanocatalysts for electrochemical NO3RR, including synthetic methods, structural design, performance enhancement, electrocatalytic nitrate reduction test, and reduction mechanism. The recent progress of iron‐based nanocatalysts for electrochemical NO3RR and the mechanism of functional advantages for modified structures are reviewed from the perspectives of loading, doping, and assembly strategies, in order to realize the conversion from pollutant nitrate to harmless nitrogen or ammonia and other sustainable products. Finally, challenges and future directions for the development of low‐cost and highly‐efficient iron‐based nanocatalysts are explored.
Don't let sleeping men lie
Authors: Peel Andrew , Wittert Gary
Published: September 2022

The prevalence and severity of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) parallels that of obesity and increases with age – affecting over half of men aged 40 years and older in some studies. Nocturia is strongly associated with OSA, as is erectile dysfunction, decrease in libido, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, depression and malignancy. This article presents an overview of OSA and the effects of the disorder in men.
Prevalence of erectile dysfunction in men with cancer: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Xiao Tao , Pizzol Damiano , Grabovac Igor , Ilie Petre Cristian , Yang Lin , Barnett Yvonne , Parris Christopher , McDermott Daragh T , Veronese Nicola , Kronbichler Andreas , Trott Mike , Soysal Pinar , Jacob Louis , Koyanagi Ai , Shin Jae Il , Smith Lee
Published: September 2022

Sexual health among male cancer survivors is becoming an increasingly important aspect of health care as the number of survivors increases. Here the authors analyse the impact of cancer treatment and cancer types on the prevalence of erectile dysfunction among these men.
Aging Transitions at Work: The Embodied Experience of Becoming Older
Authors: Riach Kathleen
Published: September 2022

This chapter introduces the concept of “older workerhood” as the transitional space in which individuals experience the gradual and iterative move towards becoming an older worker. It locates this transition as one characterized by situated embodied experiences that operate within the context of the “older worker” being a site of inequality and discrimination. To illustrate how older workerhood manifests in a workplace setting, the chapter turns to illustrative examples from a study of growing up and older in the UK financial services sector. It documents the intensification of “body work” by employees and subsequent negotiation of their bodies within a competitive workplace context as features of older workerhood, and how “successful” transitional experiences are governed by organizational norms that are often gendered. The chapter closes by reflecting on the potential value of exploring older workerhood as a transitional space, pointing to its potential to explore the fecundity of ageing experiences at work more generally.
Should We Preserve the World’s Software History, And Can We?
Authors: Di Cosmo Roberto
Published: September 2022

Cultural heritage is the legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or society that a re inherited from past generations, maintained in the present and bestowed for the benefit of future generations.

What role does software play in it? We claim that software source code is an important product of human creativity, and embodies a growing part of our scientific, organisational and technological knowledge: it is a part of our cultural heritage, and it is our collective responsibility to ensure that it is not lost.

Preserving the history of software is also a key enabler for reproducibility of research, and as a means to foster better and more secure software for society. This is the mission of Software Heritage, a non-profit organization dedicated to building the universal archive of software source code, catering to the needs of science, industry and culture, for the benefit of society as a whole.

In this keynote talk we survey the principles and key technology used in the archive that contains over 12 billion unique source code files from some 180 millions projects worldwide.
Extracting Funder Information from Scientific Papers - Experiences with Question Answering
Authors: Borst Timo , Mielck Jonas , Nannt Matthias , Riese Wolfgang
Published: September 2022

This paper is about automatic recognition of entities that funded a research work in economics as being expressed in a publication. While many works apply rules and/or regular expressions to candidate sections within the text, we follow a question answering (QA) based approach to identify those passages that are most likely to inform us about funding. With regard to a digital library scenario, we are dealing with three more challenges: confirming that our approach at least outperforms manual indexing, disambiguation of funding organizations by linking their names to authority data, and integrating the generated metadata into a digital library application. Our computational results by means of machine learning techniques show that our QA performs similar to a previous work (AckNER), although we operated on rather small sets of training and test data. While manual indexing is still needed for a gold standard of reliable metadata, the identification of funding entities only worked for a subset of funder names.
Dienstliche Beurteilung als multifunktionales Instrument des Personalmanagements und der Personalentwicklung in Schulen
Authors: Thiel Felicitas , Schewe Claudia Manuela , Riecke-Baulecke Thomas
Published: September 2022

Dienstliche Beurteilung sind im öffentlichen Dienst ein zentrales Instrument der Beförderung und Personalentwicklung. Zunächst werden die Rahmenbedingungen für die dienstliche Beurteilung im öffentlichen Dienst der Bundesrepublik Deutschland dargestellt. Im Anschluss erfolgt die Analyse der Regelungen zur dienstlichen Beurteilung von Lehrkräften im Ländervergleich. Besonderes Gewicht wird auf die Beurteilung der fachlichen Leistung gelegt.

Die Analyse zeigt, dass sich die Operationalisierung der Indikatoren für die dienstliche Beurteilung nur teilweise an den Standards für die Lehrkräftebildung orientiert. Was die Beurteilung des Unterrichts betrifft, fehlt vielfach eine Bezugnahme auf die Befunde der Unterrichtsforschung. Außerdem differieren die Indikatoren stark zwischen den Ländern.
Entanglement entropies of an interval in the free Schrödinger field theory on the half line
Authors: Mintchev Mihail , Pontello Diego , Tonni Erik
Published: September 2022

Abstract

We study the entanglement entropies of an interval adjacent to the boundary of the half line for the free fermionic spinless Schrödinger field theory at finite density and zero temperature, with either Neumann or Dirichlet boundary conditions. They are finite functions of the dimensionless parameter given by the product of the Fermi momentum and the length of the interval. The entanglement entropy displays an oscillatory behaviour, differently from the case of the interval on the whole line. This behaviour is related to the Friedel oscillations of the mean particle density on the half line at the entangling point. We find analytic expressions for the expansions of the entanglement entropies in the regimes of small and large values of the dimensionless parameter. They display a remarkable agreement with the curves obtained numerically. The analysis is extended to a family of free fermionic Lifshitz models labelled by their integer Lifshitz exponent, whose parity determines the properties of the entanglement entropies. The cumulants of the local charge operator and the Schatten norms of the underlying kernels are also explored.
The timbre of Hawking gravitons: an effective description of energy transport from holography
Authors: He Temple , Loganayagam R. , Rangamani Mukund , Sivakumar Akhil , Virrueta Julio
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Planar black holes in AdS, which are holographically dual to compressible relativistic fluids, have a long-lived phonon mode that captures the physics of attenuated sound propagation and transports energy in the plasma. We describe the open effective field theory of this fluctuating phonon degree of freedom. The dynamics of the phonon is encoded in a single scalar field whose gravitational coupling has non-trivial spatial momentum dependence. This description fits neatly into the paradigm of classifying gravitational modes by their Markovianity index, depending on whether they are long-lived. The sound scalar is a non-Markovian field with index 3 − d for a d-dimensional fluid. We reproduce (and extend) the dispersion relation of the holographic sound mode to quartic order in derivatives, constructing in the process the effective field theory governing its attenuated dynamics and associated stochastic fluctuations. We also remark on the presence of additional spatially homogeneous zero modes in the gravitational problem, which remain disconnected from the phonon Goldstone mode.
Momentum dependent gap in holographic superconductors revisited
Authors: Ghorai Debabrata , Choun Yoon-Seok , Sin Sang-Jin
Published: September 2022

Abstract

We reconsider the angular dependence in gap structure of holographic superconductors, which has not been treated carefully so far. For the vector field model, we show that the normalizable ground state is in the p-wave state because s-wave state is not normalizable. On the other hand, in the scalar order model, the ground state is in thes-wave. The angle dependent gap function is explicitly constructed in these models. We also suggest the modified ansatz of the vector order which enables to discuss the orderpx±ipygap. We have also analytically investigated the critical temperature and the behavior of the gap near there. Interestingly, for the fixed conformal dimension of the Cooper pair operator,the critical temperature in vector model is higher than that of the scalar model.
Labour market uncertainty after the irruption of COVID-19
Authors: Claveria Oscar , Sorić Petar
Published: September 2022

This paper examines the evolution of labour market uncertainty after the irruption of the COVID-19 pandemic in European countries. Since uncertainty is not directly observable, we use two alternative methods to directly approximate it. Both approaches are based on qualitative expectations elicited form the consumer survey conducted by the European Commission. On the one hand, following (Dibiasi and Iselin in Empir Econ 61:2113–2141, 2021), we use the share of consumers unable to formalise expectations about unemployment (Knightian-type uncertainty). On the other, we use the geometric discrepancy indicator proposed by (Claveria in Empirica 48:483–505, 2021) to quantify the proportion of disagreement in business and consumer expectations. We find that both uncertainty measures covary across the 22 European countries analysed. Although we observe differences in the evolution across countries, in most cases the perception of labour market uncertainty peaked before the outbreak of the crisis, plummeted during the first months of the lockdown, and started rising again. When testing for cointegration with the unemployment rate, we find that both indicators exhibit a long-term relationship with unemployment in most countries. The impact of both indicators on unemployment is characterised by considerable asymmetries, showing a more intense reaction to decreases in the level of labour market uncertainty. While this finding may seem counterintuitive at first sight, it somehow reflects the fact that during recessive periods, the level of disagreement in consumer unemployment expectations drops considerably.