bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequency characteristics of a vortex flowmeter in various inlet velocity profiles
Authors: Chen Jiann-Lin
Published: March 2017

Although vortex flowmeters are widely used in various industries, the accuracy of vortex flowmeter measurements depends on inlet flow conditions. In this study, flow fields of a vortex flowmeter with various inflow conditions are simulated numerically. In order to model transient turbulent flows, Large Eddy Simulation and vortex shedding frequencies are determined using fast Fourier transform techniques. To determine the frequency characteristics in the area of downstream of the vortex generator, both steady and unsteady velocity profiles are used as inlet conditions, including two different shear flows and various sinusoidal plug flows. For steady inlet conditions, the flow qualities along the pipe are quantified using a proposed definition to express a velocity profile which departs from a fully developed velocity profile. For unsteady inlet conditions, the predominant frequency pattern is successfully predicted and it is linked to the measurement accuracy of the vortex flowmeter.
Citation of prior research has increased in introduction and discussion sections with time: A survey of clinical trials in physiotherapy
Authors: Hoderlein Xenia , Moseley Anne M , Elkins Mark R
Published: March 2017

Background/aims:

Many clinical trials are reported without reference to the existing relevant high-quality research. This study aimed to investigate the extent to which authors of reports of clinical trials of physiotherapy interventions try to use high-quality clinical research to (1) help justify the need for the trial in the introduction and (2) help interpret the trial’s results in the discussion.

Methods:

Data were extracted from 221 clinical trials that were randomly selected from the Physiotherapy Evidence Database: 70 published in 2001 (10% sample) and 151 published in 2015 (10% sample). The Physiotherapy Evidence Database score (which rates methodological quality and completeness of reporting) for each trial was also downloaded.

Results:

Overall 41% of trial reports cited a systematic review or the results of a search for other evidence in the introduction section: 20% for 2001 and 50% for 2015 (relative risk = 2.3, 95% confidence interval = 1.5–3.8). For the discussion section, only 1 of 221 trials integrated the results of the trial into an existing meta-analysis, but citation of a relevant systematic review did increase from 17% in 2001 to 34% in 2015. There was no relationship between citation of existing research and the total Physiotherapy Evidence Database score.

Conclusion:

Published reports of clinical trials of physiotherapy interventions increasingly cite a systematic review or the results of a search for other evidence in the introduction, but integration with existing research in the discussion section is very rare. To encourage the use of existing research, stronger recommendations to refer to existing systematic reviews (where available) could be incorporated into reporting checklists and journal editorial guidelines.
Comparison of longitudinal excursion of a nerve-phantom model using quantitative ultrasound imaging and motion analysis system methods: A convergent validity study
Authors: Paquette Philippe , El Khamlichi Youssef , Lamontagne Martin , Higgins Johanne , Gagnon Dany H
Published: March 2017

Background

Quantitative ultrasound imaging is gaining popularity in research and clinical settings to measure the neuromechanical properties of the peripheral nerves such as their capability to glide in response to body segment movement. Increasing evidence suggests that impaired median nerve longitudinal excursion is associated with carpal tunnel syndrome. To date, psychometric properties of longitudinal nerve excursion measurements using quantitative ultrasound imaging have not been extensively investigated.

Methods

This study investigates the convergent validity of the longitudinal nerve excursion by comparing measures obtained using quantitative ultrasound imaging with those determined with a motion analysis system. A 38-cm long rigid nerve-phantom model was used to assess the longitudinal excursion in a laboratory environment. The nerve-phantom model, immersed in a 20-cm deep container filled with a gelatin-based solution, was moved 20 times using a linear forward and backward motion. Three light-emitting diodes were used to record nerve-phantom excursion with a motion analysis system, while a 5-cm linear transducer allowed simultaneous recording via ultrasound imaging.

Results

Both measurement techniques yielded excellent association ( r = 0.99) and agreement (mean absolute difference between methods = 0.85 mm; mean relative difference between methods = 7.48 %). Small discrepancies were largely found when larger excursions (i.e. > 10 mm) were performed, revealing slight underestimation of the excursion by the ultrasound imaging analysis software.

Conclusion

Quantitative ultrasound imaging is an accurate method to assess the longitudinal excursion of an in vitro nerve-phantom model and appears relevant for future research protocols investigating the neuromechanical properties of the peripheral nerves.
Polyamidoamine dendrimer-conjugated triamcinolone acetonide attenuates nerve injury-induced spinal cord microglia activation and mechanical allodynia
Authors: Kim Hwisung , Choi Boomin , Lim Hyoungsub , Min Hyunjung , Oh Jae Hoon , Choi Sunghyun , Cho Joung Goo , Park Jong-Sang , Lee Sung Joong
Published: March 2017

Background

Accumulating evidence on the causal role of spinal cord microglia activation in the development of neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury suggests that microglial activation inhibitors might be useful analgesics for neuropathic pain. Studies also have shown that polyamidoamine dendrimer may function as a drug delivery vehicle to microglia in the central nervous system. In this regard, we developed polyamidoamine dendrimer-conjugated triamcinolone acetonide, a previously identified microglial activation inhibitor, and tested its analgesic efficacy in a mouse peripheral nerve injury model.

Result

Polyamidoamine dendrimer was delivered selectively to spinal cord microglia upon intrathecal administration. Dendrimer-conjugated triamcinolone acetonide inhibited lipoteichoic acid-induced proinflammatory gene expression in primary glial cells. In addition, dendrimer-conjugated triamcinolone acetonide administration (intrathecal) inhibited peripheral nerve injury-induced spinal cord microglial activation and the expression of pain-related genes in the spinal cord, including Nox2, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. Dendrimer-conjugated triamcinolone acetonide administration right after nerve injury almost completely reversed peripheral nerve injury-induced mechanical allodynia for up to three days. Meanwhile, dendrimer-conjugated triamcinolone acetonide administration 1.5 days post injury significantly attenuated mechanical allodynia.

Conclusion

Our data demonstrate that dendrimer-conjugated triamcinolone acetonide inhibits spinal cord microglia activation and attenuates neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury, which has therapeutic implications for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
Descending facilitation
Authors: Zhuo Min
Published: March 2017

It is documented that sensory transmission, including pain, is subject to endogenous inhibitory and facilitatory modulation at the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Descending facilitation has received a lot of attention, due to its potentially important roles in chronic pain. Recent investigation using neurobiological approaches has further revealed the link between cortical potentiation and descending facilitation. Cortical-spinal top-down facilitation, including those relayed through brainstem neurons, provides powerful control for pain transmission at the level of the spinal cord. It also provides the neuronal basis to link emotional disorders such as anxiety, depression, and loss of hope to somatosensory pain and sufferings. In this review, I will review a brief history of the discovery of brainstem-spinal descending facilitation and explore new information and hypothesis for descending facilitation in chronic pain.
Glycemic Variability and Its Association With Demographics and Lifestyles in a General Adult Population
Authors: Gude Francisco , Díaz-Vidal Pablo , Rúa-Pérez Cintia , Alonso-Sampedro Manuela , Fernández-Merino Carmen , Rey-García Jesús , Cadarso-Suárez Carmen , Pazos-Couselo Marcos , García-López José Manuel , Gonzalez-Quintela Arturo
Published: March 2017

Objective:

The objective was to investigate glycemic variability indices in relation to demographic factors and common environmental lifestyles in a general adult population.

Methods:

The A Estrada Glycation and Inflammation Study is a cross-sectional study covering 1516 participants selected by sampling of the population aged 18 years and over. A subsample of 622 individuals participated in the Glycation project, which included continuous glucose monitoring procedures. Five glycemic variability indices were analyzed, that is, SD, MAGE, MAG, CONGA1, and MODD.

Results:

Participants had a mean age of 48 years, 62% were females, and 12% had been previously diagnosed with diabetes. In the population without diabetes, index distributions were not normal but skewed to the right. Distributional regression models that adjusted for age, gender, BMI, alcohol intake, smoking status, and physical activity confirmed that all indices were positively and independently associated with fasting glucose levels and negatively with heavy drinking. SD, MAGE, and CONGA1 were positively associated with aging, and MAG was negatively associated with BMI. None of the GVI studied were influenced by physical activity. Age-group-specific reference values are given for the indices.

Conclusions:

This study yielded age-specific reference values for glucose variability indices in a general adult population. Significant increases were observed with aging. Heavy drinking of more than 140 g/week was associated with significant decreases in variability indices. No differences were found between males and females. These normative ranges provide a guide for clinical care, and may offer an alternative treatment target among persons with diabetes.
Correlation between hemoglobin A1c and serum lipid profile in Afghani patients with type 2 diabetes: hemoglobin A1c prognosticates dyslipidemia
Authors: Hussain Arshad , Ali Iftikhar , Ijaz Muhammad , Rahim Afaq
Published: March 2017

Background:

Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have an increased prevalence of dyslipidemia, which contributes to their high risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This study is an attempt to determine the correlation between hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and serum lipid profile and to evaluate the importance of HbA1c as an indicator of dyslipidemia in Afghani patients with T2DM.

Methods:

A total of 401 Afghani patients with T2DM (men, 175; women, 226; mean age, 51.29 years) were included in this study. The whole blood and sera were analyzed for fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1c, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Dyslipidemia was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) guidelines. Diabetes was defined as per American Diabetes Association criteria. The correlation of FBS, HbA1c with lipid ratios and individual lipid indexes were analyzed. The statistical analysis was done by SPSS statistical package version 16.0.

Results:

The mean age ± standard deviation of male and female patients were 51.71 ± 11.70 and 50.97 ± 10.23 years respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between HbA1c, TC, TG, LDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio. The correlation between HbA1c and HDL-C was negative and was statistically nonsignificant. Furthermore, HbA1c was found to be a predictor of hypercholesterolemia, LDL-C and TG via a linear regression analysis. Patients with HbA1c value greater than 7.0% had significantly higher value of cholesterol, LDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio compared with patients with an HbA1c value up to 7.0%.

Conclusions:

Apart from a reliable glycemic index, HbA1c can also be used as a predictor of dyslipidemia and thus early diagnosis of dyslipidemia can be used as a preventive measure for the development of CVD in patients with T2DM.
Frailty and acute coronary syndrome: A structured literature review
Authors: Bebb Owen , Smith Fraser GD , Clegg Andrew , Hall Marlous , Gale Chris P
Published: March 2017

The health burden of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and frailty is high, but the impact of frailty on ACS treatment and outcomes is uncertain. In this structured literature review, we investigated the relationship between frailty, ACS treatment and outcomes. Between 2000 and 2016, we identified only a small number of primary research studies investigating frailty and ACS care ( n = 10). Frailty was independently associated with increased mortality following ACS (adjusted all-cause mortality hazard ratios for patients with frailty ranged from 1.54 to 5.39). Older people with frailty were significantly less likely to receive guideline-indicated ACS care, including percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (rates ranged from 6.7% to 43.7% vs. from 30.4% to 69.5%). Available data for PCI indicated a gap between treatment recommended by international guidelines and clinical practice. Further research is warranted in order to investigate methods for identifying frailty in the acute setting and opportunities for improving care among older people with frailty presenting with ACS.
A nurse-led multidisciplinary team approach in urology-oncology: Addressing the new cancer strategy
Authors: McGlynn Brian , Johnston Maximilian , Green James
Published: March 2017

Objectives:

The urology-oncology service in NHS Ayrshire and Arran (AA) is nurse-led, with a multidisciplinary team (MDT) process at its core. Here, we assess the efficacy of this nurse-led service against similar services and consider it in the context of the new NHS cancer strategy.

Materials and methods:

Audit data regarding the management of patients with urological malignancies published by the West of Scotland Cancer Network (WoSCAN) were compared against pre-determined quality performance indicators. These data were used to assess the efficacy of the NHS AA service against the other WoSCAN centres.

Results:

All parameters analysed were comparable, except for the following performance indicators for which the NHS AA data appeared to show significant improvement compared with the other WoSCAN centres: the number of patients with bladder cancer with recorded TNM clinical staging ( p = 0.012); the proportion of patients with prostate cancer who underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy for histological diagnosis where a minimum of 10 cores are received by pathology ( p = 0.043); and the number of patients with metastatic prostate cancer who underwent immediate hormone therapy ( p = 0.031).

Conclusion:

Our analysis demonstrates that the NHS AA urology-oncology nurse-led MDT-based service is a highly efficient and well-functioning structure.
Spinal Cord Injury in the Geriatric Population: Risk Factors, Treatment Options, and Long-Term Management
Authors: Ikpeze Tochukwu C. , Mesfin Addisu
Published: March 2017

Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) are sustained by more than 12 500 patients per year in the United States and more globally. The SCIs disproportionately affect the elderly, especially men. Approximately 60% of these injuries are sustained traumatically through falls, but nontraumatic causes including infections, tumors, and medication-related epidural bleeding have also been documented. Preexisting conditions such as ankylosing spondylitis and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis can render the spine stiff and are risk factors as well as cervical spondylosis and ensuing cervical stenosis. Treatment options vary depending on the severity, location, and complexity of the injury. Surgical management has been growing in popularity over the years and remains an option as it helps reduce spinal cord compression and alleviate pain. Elevating mean arterial pressures to prevent spinal cord ischemia and avoiding the second hit of SCI have become more common as opposed to high dose steroids. Ongoing clinical trials with pharmacological agents such as minocycline and riluzole have shown early, promising results in their ability to reduce cellular damage and facilitate recovery. Though SCI can be life changing, the available treatment options have aimed to reduce pain and minimize complications and maintain quality of life alongside rehabilitative services.
Teacher Candidates Respond to Teaching the Junior Achievement Curriculum
Authors: Martin Leisa A.
Published: March 2017

Junior Achievement is an international nonprofit organization that is committed to improving the life of elementary, middle, and high school students by helping them understand the relevance of personal finance, economics, and entrepreneurship in the local and global marketplace. It is a potential resource for teacher education programs that seek an additional option for a field experience placement or wish to supplement an existing field experience placement. In this study, 19 middle school teacher candidates from a variety of content areas were provided a chance to coteach a Junior Achievement unit with a fellow classmate at a local school. After participating in the Junior Achievement project, 100% of the participants found the scaffolding component of the Junior Achievement curriculum to be helpful or very helpful, 95% of the participants reported that they benefited personally, and 100% reported that they benefited professionally from the experience. Junior Achievement provides teacher education programs an opportunity to view field experience from a different perspective, and through collaboration, universities, community partners, and schools have the potential to achieve more together than they can individually.
Social Construction of Cyanobacteria Blooms in Quebec
Authors: Brisson Geneviève , Dubé Karine , Doyon Sabrina , Lévesque Benoît
Published: March 2017

Using a political ecology perspective, this research examines the social issues of cyanobacteria. In Québec (Canada), public health officials issue warnings concerning water-related activities and water consumption. An ethnographic study was undertaken with the aim of gaining a better understanding of the attitudes of citizens toward cyanobacteria and public health measures. It enabled us to identify both the meanings attached to this phenomenon and the other driving forces behind the attitudes and, in particular, toward compliance with measures prescribed by the authorities. Focus groups and semidirected individual interviews involving several groups of social actors were conducted in 2009 and 2010 on three communities. This study points to the importance of considering natural phenomena such as the proliferation of cyanobacteria as sociocultural constructs, because this approach can be applied to address the impacts of such phenomena from a different perspective and therefore improve management practices to reduce these impacts.
Increased risk for posterior circulation ischaemia in patients with vertebral artery hypoplasia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Katsanos Aristeidis H , Giannopoulos Sotirios
Published: March 2017

Introduction

Although several study protocols reported that vertebral artery hypoplasia can predispose to posterior circulation ischaemia, the role of vertebral artery hypoplasia in the risk of posterior circulation ischaemia still remains controversial. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to investigate the association of vertebral artery hypoplasia and posterior circulation ischaemia.

Patients and methods

We performed a systematic review and random effects meta-analysis of all eligible observational study protocols reporting prevalence rates of vertebral artery hypoplasia in patients with anterior circulation ischaemia and posterior circulation ischaemia.

Results

We identified eight study protocols including a total of 3875 acute ischemic stroke patients (mean age: 64.2 years, 61.3% males) and reporting a pooled prevalence of vertebral artery hypoplasia 18.6% (95%CI: 10.8–30.0%). In the overall analysis, a significantly higher probability of vertebral artery hypoplasia presence was found in posterior circulation ischaemia patients compared to patients with anterior circulation ischaemia (risk ratio = 2.12, 95%CI: 1.60–2.82, p < 0.001). In the subsequent sensitivity analysis, vertebral artery hypoplasia was again found to be significantly more prevalent in patients with posterior circulation ischaemia compared to anterior circulation ischaemia (risk ratio = 1.81, 95%CI: 1.58–2.06, p < 0.001), with no evidence of heterogeneity (I2 = 0%, p for Cochran Q = 0.55) between included studies.

Discussion

The present report is a meta-analysis of retrospective observational study protocols, with all the inherent limitations of included studies. The heterogeneity on the reported rates of vertebral artery hypoplasia could be attributed to differences in population age, sex, race, imaging protocols and vertebral artery hypoplasia definition between included studies.

Conclusion

Our meta-analysis provides further evidence for a possible causal relationship between vertebral artery hypoplasia and cryptogenic posterior circulation ischaemia, an association which undoubtedly deserves further investigation in future prospective study protocols.
Use of ‘tidal volume challenge’ to improve the reliability of pulse pressure variation
Authors: Myatra Sheila Nainan , Monnet Xavier , Teboul Jean-Louis
Published: March 2017

This article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2017. Other selected articles can be found online at http://ccforum.com/series/annualupdate2017. Further information about the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from http://www.springer.com/series/8901.
Anemia and blood transfusion in the critically ill patient with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Docherty Annemarie B. , Walsh Timothy S.
Published: March 2017

This article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2017. Other selected articles can be found online at http://ccforum.com/series/annualupdate2017. Further information about the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from http://www.springer.com/series/8901.
High-flow nasal cannula support therapy: new insights and improving performance
Authors: Hernández Gonzalo , Roca Oriol , Colinas Laura
Published: March 2017

This article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2017. Other selected articles can be found online at http://ccforum.com/series/annualupdate2017. Further information about the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from http://www.springer.com/series/8901.
Neuroanatomy of sepsis-associated encephalopathy
Authors: Heming Nicholas , Mazeraud Aurelien , Verdonk Franck , Bozza Fernando A. , Chrétien Fabrice , Sharshar Tarek
Published: March 2017

This article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2017. Other selected articles can be found online at http://ccforum.com/series/annualupdate2017. Further information about the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from http://www.springer.com/series/8901.

Originally published in the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2017. The number of authors differs in the two versions due to constraints regarding the number of authors in the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine. In the Annual Update version of the review, the three senior authors appear in the acknowledgement section. In the Critical Care version, these three senior authors appear as full authors of the manuscript. All authors helped draft and revise the manuscript for critical intellectual content.
Medicating patients during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: the evidence is building
Authors: Dzierba Amy L. , Abrams Darryl , Brodie Daniel
Published: March 2017

This article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2017. Other selected articles can be found online at http://ccforum.com/series/annualupdate2017. Further information about the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from http://www.springer.com/series/8901.
Anti-inflammatory properties of anesthetic agents
Authors: Cruz Fernanda Ferreira , Rocco Patricia Rieken Macedo , Pelosi Paolo
Published: March 2017

This article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2017. Other selected articles can be found online at http://ccforum.com/series/annualupdate2017. Further information about the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from http://www.springer.com/series/8901.
Facing the ongoing challenge of the febrile young infant
Authors: DePorre Adrienne G. , Aronson Paul L. , McCulloh Russell J.
Published: March 2017

This article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2017. Other selected articles can be found online at http://ccforum.com/series/annualupdate2017. Further information about the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from http://www.springer.com/series/8901.
Joint traveltime, waveform, and waveform envelope inversion for near-surface imaging
Authors: Liu Zhiyang , Zhang Jie
Published: March 2017

The first-arrival traveltimes without large offsets constrain very shallow velocities, the waveform envelope presents low-frequency data, and the high-frequency waveform itself includes information regarding structural details. We have developed a joint traveltime, waveform, and waveform envelope (JTWE) inversion method for inverting near-surface velocity structures. By inverting three types of data, we are able to recover the low- and high-wavenumber structures and mitigate the cycle-skipping problem in waveform inversion. The calculation of traveltimes and raypaths is fast. Most of the computation effort is focused on dealing with the waveform and waveform envelope. JTWE backward propagates the waveform residual and envelope residual simultaneously to calculate the model updating gradients. This simultaneous backward-propagation strategy ensures that the computational cost of JTWE is similar to the cost of inverting waveform alone. In a synthetic experiment, we determine that JTWE mitigates the cycle-skipping problem and recovers the near-surface structures without the need for additional low-frequency data. The final results of JTWE indicate that it delivers improved results with low-velocity inclusions compared with full-waveform inversion. For field data from the Middle East, JTWE helps resolve a complex near-surface model with rugged topography and fit all three types of data.
Prima facie reasons to question enclosed intellectual property regimes and favor open-source regimes for germplasm
Authors: Halpert Madeleine-Thérèse , Chappell M. Jahi
Published: March 2017

In principle, intellectual property protections (IPPs) promote and protect important but costly investment in research and development. However, the empirical reality of IPPs has often gone without critical evaluation, and the potential of alternative approaches to lend equal or greater support for useful innovation is rarely considered. In this paper, we review the mounting evidence that the global intellectual property regime (IPR) for germplasm has been neither necessary nor sufficient to generate socially beneficial improvements in crop plants and maintain agrobiodiversity. Instead, based on our analysis, the dominant global IPR appears to have contributed to consolidation in the seed industry while failing to genuinely engage with the potential of alternatives to support social goods such as food security, adaptability, and resilience. The dominant IPR also constrains collaborative and cumulative plant breeding processes that are built upon the work of countless farmers past and present. Given the likely limits of current IPR, we propose that social goods in agriculture may be better supported by alternative approaches, warranting a rapid move away from the dominant single-dimensional focus on encouraging innovation through ensuring monopoly profits to IPP holders.
Superreplication of Financial Derivatives via Convex Programming
Authors: Kahalé Nabil
Published: March 2017

We give a method based on convex programming to calculate the optimal superreplicating and subreplicating prices and corresponding hedging portfolios of a financial derivative in terms of other financial derivatives in a discrete-time setting. Our method produces a model that matches the superreplicating (or subreplicating) price within an arbitrary precision and is consistent with the other financial derivatives prices. Applications include robust replication in terms of call prices with various strikes and maturities of forward start options, volatility and variance swaps and derivatives, cliquet calls, barrier options, and lookback and Asian options. Numerical examples show that, in some cases, the best superreplicating and/or subreplicating prices are within 10% of the price obtained by a standard model but considerably differ from it in other cases. Our method can incorporate bid-ask spreads, interest rates and dividends, and various limitations to the diffusion model.

The supplementary material is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2786 .

This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Adverse Effects of CEO Family-to-Work Conflict on Firm Performance
Authors: Reina Christopher S. , Peterson Suzanne J. , Zhang Zhen
Published: March 2017

We examine whether chief executive officers’ (CEOs’) experiences occurring outside the work domain influence the performance of their respective firms. We suggest that the family-to-work conflict (FWC) that CEOs experience depletes their ability to self-regulate, thereby reducing their ability to make appropriately comprehensive decisions for their firms. This reduced decision-making comprehensiveness, in turn, has negative implications for firm performance. We further propose that CEOs’ levels of job engagement, or the extent to which they invest themselves in their work, can expand their capacity to withstand the negative effects of self-regulatory depletion. We test our hypotheses using a sample of 98 CEOs from the United States computer software and hardware industry. Findings confirm that reduced decision-making comprehensiveness represents one mechanism by which the experience of FWC in CEOs harms the performance of their firms. Moreover, CEO job engagement buffers both the negative effect of CEO FWC on decision-making comprehensiveness and the strength of the indirect relationship between FWC and firm performance via decision-making comprehensiveness.
Orthodontics – and me
Authors: Adumitroaei Ana
Published: March 2017

Meet perfectionist Ana Adumitroaei – a long way from her home country of Romania and on the straight road to success in the world of private dentistry, currently practising at a high end clinic in London
Indemnity versus registration
Authors: Hancock Dave
Published: March 2017

Easily confused, what exactly do these terms mean and how do you ensure they don't trip you up? Dave Hancock seeks answers
Succession planning
Authors: Fowler John
Published: March 2017

This series continues to explore the leadership skills of the dental nurse. With John Fowler
Beating dental phobia
Authors: Pinder Jennifer
Published: March 2017

A look at how best to handle patient fear in a dental setting
No rubber dam, no root canal treatment
Authors: Hackshaw Debra
Published: March 2017

Dental nurse Debra Hackshaw on why a story in the media should serve as a reminder of good protocols to us all
Decontamination cycle – the right steps
Authors: Cash Charlotte
Published: March 2017

The decontamination cycle is the sequence that should be followed for the successful decontamination of re-useable devices. Charlotte Cash walks us through it
How to recycle knowledge and skills
Authors: Bridges Glenys
Published: March 2017

Glenys Bridges considers mentoring role for senior dental nurses
My colleague worries me – what should I do?
Authors: Collier Andrew
Published: March 2017

Concerns about a colleague's conduct or competence can present difficult dilemmas. This article illustrates a problem, the implications for the nurse and some suggestions for resolving it
Manufacturing processes in the textile industry. Expert Systems for fabrics production
Authors: Bullon Juan , González Arrieta Angélica , Hernández Encinas Ascensión , Queiruga Dios Araceli
Published: March 2017

The textile industry is characterized by the economic activity whose objective is the production of fibres, yarns, fabrics, clothing and textile goods for home and decoration,as well as technical and industrial purposes. Within manufacturing, the Textile is one of the oldest and most complex sectors which includes a large number of sub-sectors covering the entire production cycle, from raw materials and intermediate products, to the production of final products. Textile industry activities present different subdivisions, each with its own traits. The length of the textile process and the variety of its technical processes lead to the coexistence of different sub-sectors in regards to their business structure and integration. The textile industry is developing expert systems applications to increase production, improve quality and reduce costs. The analysis of textile designs or structures includes the use of mathematical models to simulate the behavior of the textile structures (yarns, fabrics and knitting). The Finite Element Method (FEM) has largely facilitated the prediction of the behavior of that textile structure under mechanical loads. For classification problems Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) haveproved to be a very effective tool as a quick and accurate solution. The Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) method proposed in this study complements the results of the finite element simulation, mathematical modeling and neural networks methods.
Classification of Two Comic Books based on Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Ueno Miki , Suenaga Toshinori , Isahara Hitoshi
Published: March 2017

Unphotographic images are the powerful representations described various situations. Thus, understanding intellectual products such as comics and picture books is one of the important topics in the field of artificial intelligence. Hence, stepwise analysis of a comic story, i.e., features of a part of the image, information features, features relating to continuous scene etc., was pursued. Especially, the length and each scene of four-scene comics are limited so as to ensure a clear interpretation of the contents.In this study, as the first step in this direction, the problem to classify two four-scene comics by the same artists were focused as the example. Several classifiers were constructed by utilizing a Convolutional Neural Network(CNN), and the results of classification by a human annotator and by a computational method were compared.From these experiments, we have clearly shown that CNN is efficient way to classify unphotographic gray scaled images and found that characteristic features of images to classify incorrectly.
Hubungan antara Kadar Asam Urat, Interleukin-6 dan hs-CRP pada Anak Obes
Authors: Santoso Yohanes , Warouw Sarah M , Mandei Jose M , Salendu Praevilia
Published: March 2017

Latar belakang. Hubungan antara kadar asam urat dengan sindrom metabolik banyak diteliti akhir-akhir ini. Asam urat juga menghambat proliferasi sel endotel dan menstimulasi produksi C-reactive protein (CRP) pada sel endotel. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) berasal dari jaringan adiposa yang menyebabkan peningkatan CRP. Tujuan. Menganalisis hubungan antara kadar asam urat, IL-6, dan hs-CRP pada anak obes.Metode. Kami melakukan penelitian potong lintang pada bulan Oktober 2015 sampai Desember 2015. Subyek anak obes berumur 6-12 tahun. Informed consent diberikan oleh orang tua. Penelitian ini telah disetujui oleh Komite Etik penelitian FK Unsrat. Hubungan antara asam urat, IL-6, dan hs-CRP diuji dengan uji Pearson dan regresi linear. Data dianalisis dengan software SPSS versi 22.0, nilai p<0,05 signifikan.Hasil. Terdapat 43 anak obes, 60.5% laki-laki, dan 39.5% perempuan. Hubungan asam urat dan hs-CRP didapatkan r=0,458 dan p=0,001, sedangkan hubungan IL-6 dan hs-CRP didapatkan hasil r=0,331 dan p=0,015.Kesimpulan. Terdapat hubungan positif antara asam urat dan hs-CRP, hubungan positif lemah antara IL-6 dan hs-CRP pada anak obes.
Meta-analytics: tools for understanding the statistical properties of sports metrics
Authors: Franks Alexander M. , D’Amour Alexander , Cervone Daniel , Bornn Luke
Published: March 2017

In sports, there is a constant effort to improve metrics that assess player ability, but there has been almost no effort to quantify and compare existing metrics. Any individual making a management, coaching, or gambling decision is quickly overwhelmed with hundreds of statistics. We address this problem by proposing a set of “meta-metrics”, which can be used to identify the metrics that provide the most unique and reliable information for decision-makers. Specifically, we develop methods to evaluate metrics based on three criteria: (1) stability: does the metric measure the same thing over time (2) discrimination: does the metric differentiate between players and (3) independence: does the metric provide new information? Our methods are easy to implement and widely applicable so they should be of interest to the broader sports community. We demonstrate our methods in analyses of both NBA and NHL metrics. Our results indicate the most reliable metrics and highlight how they should be used by sports analysts. The meta-metrics also provide useful insights about how to best construct new metrics that provide independent and reliable information about athletes.
Deriving classifier word order typology, or Greenberg’s Universal 20A and Universal 20
Authors: Her One-Soon
Published: March 2017

The word order typology of numerals (Num), classifier or measure word (C/M), and noun (N) put forth by Greenberg (1990 [1972], Numerical classifiers and substantival number: Problems in the genesis of a linguistic type. In Keith Denning & Suzanne Kemmer (eds.),
Research into the Predictive Effect of TEG in the Changes of Coagulation Functions of the Patients with Traumatic Brain Hemorrhage
Authors: Liu Huanqiu , Li Ji , Yu Jinlu , Yuan Tong
Published: March 2017

To analyze the predictive effect of thrombelastogram (TEG) in the changes of coagulation functions of patients with traumatic brain hemorrhage, as well as to provide a practice basis for clinical guidance. 54 cases were observed from Aug. 2013–Oct. 2014. All patients received a TEG test 1d, 3d and 7d after traumatic injury. According to the statistical analysis, the comparison among the aforementioned coagulation function parameters in each group of patients, K, α and Ma all had significant differences. In the comparison between different time points in the same group, there was still a significant difference. Compared to the patients, the changes of R and K reached the lowest at 1d and the highest at 3d, but there was no significant difference between two groups at 7d. The changes of α and Ma reached its highest at 1d and the lowest at 3d after traumatic injury, but there was no significant difference at 7d. There was some difference in changes of coagulation functions between all groups. The former was more serious and the changes of coagulation functions had certain regularity, i.e., after traumatic injury, 1d showed a hypercoagulable state; 3d showed a hypocoagulable state; the coagulation functions of 7d returned to normal.
Endoscopic ultrasound in the diagnosis of
mediastinal diseases
Authors: Wang Zhiguo , Jiang Chunmeng
Published: March 2017

EUS is a useful tool for diagnosis of mediastinal
diseases. EUS-FNA plays an important role in staging
of lung cancer and in tissue acquisition in patients with
mediastinal masses. In this review, the following issues
will be addressed: EUS-FNA and EBUS-TBNA, metastatic
mediastinal lymph nodes diagnosed by EUS, EUS in
assessment of mediastinal lymph node status for staging
of lung cancer, mediastinal lymphoma diagnosed by EUS,
sarcoidosis and tuberculosis diagnosed by EUS.
What is the Relationship Between “Personality” and “Social” Psychologies? Network, Community, and Whole Text Analyses of The Structure of Contemporary Scholarship
Authors: Lanning Kevin
Published: March 2017

The structure of social/personality psychology, including the relationship between the areas of “social” and “personality,” is empirically examined in a series of network, community, and text analyses. In a study of keywords, both attitudes and social cognition and group processes appear as communities; the role of personality is more diffuse. In a larger analysis of citations in the four primary journals in the combined social/personality area, personality appears as a large community which surrounds a well-defined core (the Five-Factor Model) but which lies on the periphery of social/personality psychology. Interpersonal relations and attachment are central in social/personality, and appear largely distinct from the study of groups. Attitudes and social cognition are broadly studied, but, in contrast with personality and interpersonal relations, are not structured around a simple core. These methods and results collectively inform the relationship between personality and social psychologies and provide an early step towards an empirical understanding of the structure of the discipline.
Middle Eastern Beliefs about the Causal Linkages of Development to Freedom, Democracy, and Human Rights
Authors: Thornton Arland , Dorius Shawn , Swindle Jeffrey , Young-DeMarco Linda , Moaddel Mansoor
Published: March 2017

This paper investigates the extent to which people in five Middle Eastern countries endorse key beliefs of developmental idealism that associate development with freedom, democracy, and human rights. Developmental idealism is a set of beliefs concerning the desirability of development, the methods for achieving it, and its consequences. The literature suggests that these beliefs have diffused worldwide among elites and lay citizens and posits that when such beliefs are disseminated they become forces for social and economic changes. Although developmental idealism research has primarily examined family and demographic issues, developmental idealism has tremendous potential to influence other aspects of society. This paper extends knowledge by considering societal aspects not addressed previously in the developmental idealism literature: personal freedom, democracy, and human rights. Using survey data from Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey, we investigate how publics of these countries associate development with these elements. We find that majorities believe development brings greater personal freedom, democracy, and human rights. Conversely, the data show that in four of the countries majorities believe more personal freedom contributes to development. These findings provide support for the idea that developmental idealism beliefs concerning freedom, democracy, and human rights have diffused to lay publics in these five Middle Eastern countries. We also find evidence of uniquely Islamic developmental models; a significant proportion of people in these countries believe that more religion will bring more development.
A configuração do Neorregionalismo Brasileiro
Authors: De Oliveira Brito Herasmo Braga
Published: March 2017

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a configuração literária do Neorregionalismo Brasileiro. No caso específico do artigo iremos nos pautar apenas na questão do espaço não entendido apenas como mera descrição física. Abordamos o espaço como elemento não só de composição de análise para a comprovação do neorregionalismo, mas, principalmente, como agente de relevante contribuição para o desenvolvimento das experiências dos personagens, em especial as femininas. Utiliza-se para estudos da caracterização do Neorregionalismo Brasileiro a obra Galiléia de Ronaldo Correia de Brito. A presente pesquisa caracteriza-se, essencialmente, como bibliográfica. Utilizando-se como base os seguintes autores: Araújo (2010), Bachelard (1993), Bakhtin (2011), Bueno (2006), Candido (2000, 2006), Chiappini (2014), Williams (1989). Buscou-se, primeiro, a fundamentação necessária para caracterizar essa nova tendência literária brasileira.
Trends in Medical and Nonmedical Use of Prescription Opioids Among US Adolescents: 1976–2015
Authors: McCabe Sean Esteban , West Brady T. , Veliz Phil , McCabe Vita V. , Stoddard Sarah A. , Boyd Carol J.
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVES:

Most US studies of national trends in medical and nonmedical use of prescription opioids have focused on adults. Given the limited understanding in these trends among adolescents, we examine national trends in the medical and nonmedical use of prescription opioids among high school seniors between 1976 and 2015.

METHODS:

The data used for the study come from the Monitoring the Future study of adolescents. Forty cohorts of nationally representative samples of high school seniors (modal age 18) were used to examine self-reported medical and nonmedical use of prescription opioids.

RESULTS:

Lifetime prevalence of medical use of prescription opioids peaked in both 1989 and 2002 and remained stable until a recent decline from 2013 through 2015. Lifetime nonmedical use of prescription opioids was less prevalent and highly correlated with medical use of prescription opioids over this 40-year period. Adolescents who reported both medical and nonmedical use of prescription opioids were more likely to indicate medical use of prescription opioids before initiating nonmedical use.

CONCLUSIONS:

Prescription opioid exposure is common among US adolescents. Long-term trends indicate that one-fourth of high school seniors self-reported medical or nonmedical use of prescription opioids. Medical and nonmedical use of prescription opioids has declined recently and remained highly correlated over the past 4 decades. Sociodemographic differences and risky patterns involving medical and nonmedical use of prescription opioids should be taken into consideration in clinical practice to improve opioid analgesic prescribing and reduce adverse consequences associated with prescription opioid use among adolescents.
Porroglossum raoi, a new species of Pleurothallidinae (Orchidaceae) from Ecuador
Authors: Baquero R. Luis E. , Iturralde Gabriel A.
Published: March 2017

A new species of Porroglossum (Pleurothallidinae), Porroglossum raoi Baquero & Iturralde, apparently endemic to a cloud forest close to Chical, is described here. Porroglossum raoi is compared to known species within the genus growing close to the area where it was discovered. The big white flower, the thick, subclavate and brown-purple lateral sepal tails, a single subacute angle on the lower margin of the petals and a strong cinnamon and clove smell, immediately separates this from other species in Porroglossum. Taxonomical and ecological notes are given.
Microcompression of brittle and anisotropic crystals: recent advances and current challenges in studying plasticity in hard materials
Authors: Korte-Kerzel Sandra
Published: March 2017

Recent years have seen an increased application of small-scale uniaxial testing—microcompression—to the study of plasticity in macroscopically brittle materials. By suppressing fast fracture, new insights into deformation mechanisms of more complex crystals have become available, which had previously been out of reach of experiments. Structurally complex intermetallics, metallic compounds, or oxides are commonly brittle, but in some cases extraordinary, though currently mostly unpredictable, mechanical properties are found. This paper aims to give a survey of current advances, outstanding challenges, and practical considerations in testing such hard, brittle, and anisotropic crystals.