bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hemicellulose-derived sugars solubilisation of rape straw. Cofermentation of pentoses and hexoses by Escherichia coli
Authors: López-Linares Juan Carlos , Cara-Corpas Cristóbal , Ruiz-Ramos Encarnación , Moya-Vilar Manuel , Castro-Galiano Eulogio , Romero-Pulido Inmaculada
Published: August 2015

Bioconversion of hemicellulose sugars is essential for increasing fuel ethanol yields from lignocellulosic biomass. We report for the first time with rape straw, bioethanol production from hemicellulose sugars. Rape straw was pretreated at mild conditions with sulfuric acid to solubilize the hemicellulose fraction. This pretreatment allows obtaining a prehydrolysate, consisting basically in a solution of monomeric hemicellulosic sugars, with low inhibitor concentrations. The remaining water insoluble solid constitutes a cellulose-enriched, free of extractives material. The influence of temperature (120ºC and 130ºC), acid concentration (2-4% w/v) and pretreatment time (30-180 min) on hemicellulose-derived sugars solubilisation was evaluated. The highest hemicellulosic sugars recovery, 72.3%, was achieved at 130ºC with 2% sulfuric acid and 60 min. At these conditions, a concentrated sugars solution, 52.4 g/L, was obtained after three acid consecutive contacts, with 67% xylose and acetic acid concentration above 4.5 g/L. After a detoxification step by activated charcoal or ion-exchange resin, prehydrolysate was fermented by ethanologenic Escherichia coli. An alcoholic solution of 25 g/L and 86% of theoretical ethanol yield was attained after 144 h when the prehydrolysate was detoxified by ion-exchange resin. The results obtained in the present work show sulfuric acid pretreatment under mild conditions and E. coli as an interesting process to exploit hemicellulosic sugars in rape straw.
The internationalisation of the Spanish food industry: the home market effect and European market integration
Authors: Serrano Raul , García-Casarejos Nieves , Gil-Pareja Salvador , Llorca-Vivero Rafael , Pinilla Vicente
Published: August 2015

The objective of this study was to analyse, from a long-term perspective, the factors determining the process of the internationalisation of the Spanish agrifood industry. The paper concentrates on the empirical verification of the existence of a home market effect in the food and drink industries in Spain and on the effects on trade flows of integration into the European Union. With this aim in mind, we took into account the latest contributions to the estimation of the gravity equation for a sample of export flows from 13 agrifood subsectors between 1970 and 2012, with a destination of 175 markets. From the results of the study the existence of the “home market effect” stands out as the determining factor of the increasing process of internationalisation in the majority of the subsectors of the food industry. On this point, the presence of this effect is remarkable in the most dynamic industries, where the process of restructuring caused by the development of the internal market was more intense. Furthermore, the influence of the process of European integration has been shown by the literature to be a very important factor. Our results qualify in part the results of previous studies, since the positive effect appeared later than expected. The positive effects did not appear until the completion of the process of transition by the dismantling of the barriers established in the treaty of accession to the European Union.
The region-of-origin effect in the purchase of wine: The moderating role of familiarity
Authors: García-Gallego José Manuel , Chamorro-Mera Antonio , García-Galán María del Mar
Published: August 2015

Research on the place-of-origin effect has proliferated in recent decades, although there are still gaps in this field, especially in relation to the region-of-origin (ROO) and to the influence of certain moderating variables on the effect. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the ROO effect in the purchase of wine, paying special attention to the moderating role played by familiarity. Via a survey of 427 consumers carried out in the region of Extremadura (Spain), the paper study how variables as the region's overall image, its image as a wine producer, the perceived quality of its products, and consumer ethnocentrism affect the intention to purchase regional wines. To reach that goal, a structural equation model was applied using the Partial Least Square technique to identify the variables that explain and moderate this intention. The results show the region's overall image (2.65% of contribution to the purchase intentions explained variance), its image as a wine producer (8.39%), the perceived quality of its products (22.42%), and consumer ethnocentrism (10.23%) to affect the purchase intentions directly and indirectly. The confirmation of a moderating effect of familiarity in one of the model relationships contributes to give answer to one of the most significant questions in marketing theory about the origin effect. These results have important managerial implications for policy decision-makers, confirming the value of implementing communication campaigns that pursue improvement of the region's image as a brand.
A Novel Device for Measuring Forces in Endoluminal Procedures
Authors: Ranzani Tommaso , Ciuti Gastone , Tortora Giuseppe , Arezzo Alberto , Arolfo Simone , Morino Mario , Menciassi Arianna
Published: August 2015

In this paper a simple but effective measuring system for endoluminal procedures is presented. The device allows measuring forces during the endoluminal manipulation of tissues with a standard surgical instrument for laparoscopic procedures. The force measurement is performed by recording both the forces applied directly by the surgeon at the instrument handle and the reaction forces on the access port. The measuring system was used to measure the forces necessary for appropriate surgical manipulation of tissues during transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM). Ex-vivo and in-vivo measurements were performed, reported and discussed. The obtained data can be used for developing and appropriately dimensioning novel dedicated instrumentation for TEM procedures.
Two new genera and nine new species of hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from off New Caledonia
Authors: Galea Horia R.
Published: August 2015

Two new genera and nine new species of hydroids are described based on deep-water material collected from off New Caledonia during various expeditions of the French Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos program. Caledoniana gen. nov., provisionally included in the family Sertulariidae Lamouroux, 1812, presently comprises three new species, viz. C. alata sp. nov., C. decussata sp. nov., and C. microgona sp. nov., while an additional group of three new species, is accommodated in the new sertulariid genus Solenoscyphus gen. nov.: S. candelabrum sp. nov., S. decidualis sp. nov., and S. striatus sp. nov. Furthermore, three new species of Hincksella Billard, 1918 (family Syntheciidae Marktanner-Turneretscher, 1890) are described, namely H. cornuta sp. nov., H. neocaledonica sp. nov., and H. similis sp. nov.
The Insider Perspective: Insights on Diversity from Award-Winning Diverse Authors
Authors: Arnold Jackie Marshall , Sableski Mary-Kate
Published: August 2015

There is perhaps no better source to speak about diverse literature than the “insider” authors who have been writing it for years. We were fortunate to speak with three accomplished authors of diverse books for children who invite students into their books—Pat Mora, Kadir Nelson, and Janet Wong. Invited to participate in phone and e-mail interviews based on their reputation for publishing diverse books, each author shares his or her perspective on this timely topic.
Intentional Diversity: Program Ideas from the Field
Authors: Hands Africa
Published: August 2015

The year 2014 was a watershed one for bringing awareness to the issue of diversity in children’s literature. The late author Walter Dean Myers wrote a stirring opinion piece for the New York Times about the Cooperative Children’s Book Center’s (CCBC) report revealing that of the thirty-two-hundred children’s books published in 2013, only ninety-three were about black people.
A Special Needs Approach: A Study of How Libraries Can Start Programs for Children with Disabilities
Authors: Adkins Denice , Bushman Bobbie
Published: August 2015

The Census Bureau reports that 5.2 percent of school-age children (2.8 million) were reported to have a disability. The American Community Survey defines a person with a disability as a person having a “vision, hearing, cognitive, ambulatory, self-care, or independent living difficulty.” Per the American Community Survey, the most common type of disability diagnosed in school-age children is cognitive disability, which they define as “serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions.”
Research Roundup: An Introduction to Open Source Journals
Authors: Diamant-Cohen Betsy , Prendergast Tess
Published: August 2015

Welcome to our fifth research column. Over the past four issues, we have aimed to provide readers with useful web links and information that support our practice and work with children and families in our communities. In tune with the theme of this issue, this column focuses on diversity.
The Last Word: Join the Diversity Discussion
Authors: Reese Debbie
Published: August 2015

The darling baby pictured here is Amelia, the youngest child in my family at Nambe Pueblo, a federally recognized tribal nation, located in northern New Mexico. Nana Kaa—and children like her—are the future. Nana Kaa is Amelia’s Tewa name. She is going to grow up knowing three languages: Tewa, Spanish, and English (Tewa is the language we speak at Nambe).
Milestones for Diversity in Children’s Literature and Library Services
Authors: Horning Kathleen L.
Published: August 2015

Many people seem to think that the discussion of diversity started in 1964 with Nancy Larrick’s seminal article, “The All-White World of Children’s Books,” published in the Saturday Review on September 11, 1965. This time line shows, however, that a lot happened prior to that. Influential library leaders such as Pura Belpré, Charlemae Hill Rollins, Augusta Baker, and Clara Breed championed diversity long before the 1960s.
Health Span-Extending Activity of Human Amniotic Membrane- and Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells in F344 Rats
Authors: Kim Dajeong , Kyung Jangbeen , Park Dongsun , Choi Ehn-Kyoung , Kim Kwang Sei , Shin Kyungha , Lee Hangyoung , Shin Il Seob , Kang Sung Keun , Ra Jeong Chan , Kim Yun-Bae
Published: August 2015

Aging brings about the progressive decline in cognitive function and physical activity, along with losses of stem cell population and function. Although transplantation of muscle-derived stem/progenitor cells extended the health span and life span of progeria mice, such effects in normal animals were not confirmed. Human amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMMSCs) or adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) (1 × 106 cells per rat) were intravenously transplanted to 10-month-old male F344 rats once a month throughout their lives. Transplantation of AMMSCs and ADMSCs improved cognitive and physical functions of naturally aging rats, extending life span by 23.4% and 31.3%, respectively. The stem cell therapy increased the concentration of acetylcholine and recovered neurotrophic factors in the brain and muscles, leading to restoration of microtubule-associated protein 2, cholinergic and dopaminergic nervous systems, microvessels, muscle mass, and antioxidative capacity. The results indicate that repeated transplantation of AMMSCs and ADMSCs elongate both health span and life span, which could be a starting point for antiaging or rejuvenation effects of allogeneic or autologous stem cells with minimum immune rejection.

Significance

This study demonstrates that repeated treatment with stem cells in normal animals has antiaging potential, extending health span and life span. Because antiaging and prolonged life span are issues currently of interest, these results are significant for readers and investigators.
Le libéralisme avant la liberté. Le républicanisme et la crise du Directoire chez Benjamin Constant
Authors: Simard Augustin
Published: August 2015

S’inspirant du paradigme républicain, plusieurs travaux récents ont cherché à retracer la constitution d’un langage « républicain-libéral » pendant la période du Directoire. À partir des écrits révolutionnaires de Benjamin Constant, le présent article cherche à mettre en lumière deux limites de cette notion de « républicanisme libéral ». D’une part, une limite qui tient à la prédominance, dans la culture politique post-Terreur, du topos républicain de la corruption comme division du corps civil, et à la façon dont ce topos impose une représentation moniste et unanimiste de l’espace politique. D’autre part, une limite qui renvoie à la nature même des « langages » républicains et libéraux. Plutôt que de les considérer comme des « langages » de même nature, je défendrai l’idée que le républicanisme renvoie surtout à un lexique, alors que le libéralisme relève d’une rhétorique ou d’un certain style argumentatif. En considérant la façon dont Constant a cherché à justifier le coup d’État du 18 fructidor (4 septembre 1797), je voudrais établir que si son discours est littéralement républicain — en ce qu’il réitère la doxa républicaine officielle —, le style de l’argumentation et les voies qu’elle emprunte sont « paradoxaux » et obéissent à un dessein « libéral ».
Institutionnaliser le droit à l’insurrection. L’article 35 de la constitution montagnarde de 1793
Authors: Charbonneau François
Published: August 2015

Ce texte porte sur une clause de la Constitution de l’an i qui fait de la résistance à l’oppression « le plus sacré des devoirs ». L’interprétation de l’inclusion de cette clause a le plus souvent fait l’unanimité parmi les rares commentateurs qui ont accordé plus de quelques lignes à en analyser les tenants et aboutissants. L’interprétation généralement admise suggère que Saint-Just aurait tout simplement voulu justifier rétroactivement les massacres de septembre 1792. Le texte qui suit suggère plutôt qu’il y a une cohérence interne à cette constitution qui explique pourquoi le droit de résistance à l’oppression doit logiquement en coiffer l’énoncé des droits. Comme bien des penseurs avant eux, Saint-Just et Hérault de Séchelles, les deux plumes de cette constitution qui ne sera finalement jamais mise en oeuvre, tentaient de résoudre un problème politique classique : celui du contrepoids au pouvoir de l’exécutif. Ils trouveront dans la vigilance du peuple le cerbère d’une constitution qui, bien qu’ils ne le sachent pas encore, disparaîtra bientôt avec eux.
Adoção do partido na arquitetura
Authors: Pedreira Neves Laert
Published: August 2015

Nova edição, revista e com novo projeto gráfico. Nesta obra, Laert Neves ensina como adotar a ideia preliminar do edifício. Direcionado aos iniciantes na prática de planejamento arquitetônico, o livro traz um método simples e bastante didático, contendo todos os passos a serem seguidos até a finalização do projeto. Exemplos práticos, imagens e exercícios também estão presentes, facilitando a compreensão dos textos e consolidando o processo de aprendizagem.
Compromising the 19S proteasome complex protects cells from reduced flux through the proteasome
Authors: Tsvetkov Peter , Mendillo Marc L , Zhao Jinghui , Carette Jan E , Merrill Parker H , Cikes Domagoj , Varadarajan Malini , van Diemen Ferdy R , Penninger Josef M , Goldberg Alfred L , Brummelkamp Thijn R , Santagata Sandro , Lindquist Susan
Published: August 2015

Proteasomes are central regulators of protein homeostasis in eukaryotes. Proteasome function is vulnerable to environmental insults, cellular protein imbalance and targeted pharmaceuticals. Yet, mechanisms that cells deploy to counteract inhibition of this central regulator are little understood. To find such mechanisms, we reduced flux through the proteasome to the point of toxicity with specific inhibitors and performed genome-wide screens for mutations that allowed cells to survive. Counter to expectation, reducing expression of individual subunits of the proteasome's 19S regulatory complex increased survival. Strong 19S reduction was cytotoxic but modest reduction protected cells from inhibitors. Protection was accompanied by an increased ratio of 20S to 26S proteasomes, preservation of protein degradation capacity and reduced proteotoxic stress. While compromise of 19S function can have a fitness cost under basal conditions, it provided a powerful survival advantage when proteasome function was impaired. This means of rebalancing proteostasis is conserved from yeast to humans.
Food Insecurity and Its Association With Central Obesity and Other Markers of Metabolic Syndrome Among Persons Aged 12 to 18 Years in the United States
Authors: Holben David H. , Taylor Christopher A.
Published: August 2015

Context: Food insecurity is a preventable health threat and may precipitate central obesity and metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents in the United States.

Objective: To examine (1) health by household food security status; and (2) differences and prevalence of central obesity among persons aged 12 to 18 years in the United States.

Methods: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was administered to a cross-sectional sample of persons aged 12 to 18 years in 1999 to 2006. Controlling for age, race/ethnicity, and sex differences in mean obesity and chronic disease factors across levels of food insecurity (analysis of covariance [Bonferroni post hoc] and ORs [logistic regression analyses]) were examined, as were differences in the rates of risk factors (χ2 statistics).

Results: A total of 7435 participants were analyzed. Those from marginally food secure (n=751) and low–food secure (n=1206) (population size estimate, 26,714,182) households were significantly more likely than their high–food secure counterparts (n=4831) to be overweight (P=.036) (OR, 1.44), and those from marginally food secure households were 1.3-times more likely to be obese (P=.036). Nearly 25% of respondents from marginally food secure, low–food secure, and very low–food secure (n=647) households reported central obesity (P=.002), which was 1.4 to 1.5 times more likely than those from high–food secure households. Participants from high–food secure households had significantly higher mean high-density lipoprotein values (P=.019). Risk factors indicative of metabolic syndrome were present in 3.1%.

Conclusion: Household food insecurity was associated with an increased likelihood of being overweight and having central obesity. Limitations included the use of cross-sectional data and some self-reported data and the inability to control for all moderating variables in obesity and overall health status.
Immature Teratoma Associated With Anti–N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis
Authors: Malayev Yuliya , Alberts Jared , Verardi Mary Ann , Mattison Anissa R. , Imlay Sherwin
Published: August 2015

Gynecologic teratomas commonly present with pelvic symptoms. The authors report a case of teratoma causing acute psychosis, encephalopathy, and sudden-onset seizures in a previously healthy 33-year-old woman. After common organic causes were excluded, investigation revealed an immature teratoma containing brain tissue on her left ovary. Anti–N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis was diagnosed and, with excision and medical management, her symptoms resolved and she was discharged home in stable condition. Encephalopathy is not commonly attributed to gynecologic causes, but anti–N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis may be caused by ovarian teratomas with a neuronal component. Thorough gynecologic examination should be performed on any female patient presenting with new-onset psychosis, encephalopathy, and seizures, especially in the absence of other organic or structural causes. Thus, it is important to look at the whole patient and not just the symptoms.
Variability and ice production budget in the Ross Ice Shelf Polynya based on a simplified polynya model and satellite observations
Authors: Nakata Kazuki , Ohshima Kay I. , Nihashi Sohey , Kimura Noriaki , Tamura Takeshi
Published: August 2015

We examined to what degree a simplified polynya model can explain a real polynya based on satellite‐derived sea‐ice data. In the model, the polynya area, defined as the frazil ice production region, is determined by a balance between the offshore consolidated ice drift and frazil ice production. We used daily polynya area, ice production, and ice drift data derived from AMSR‐E. The study area is the Ross Ice Shelf Polynya (RISP), which has the highest sea‐ice production in the Southern Ocean. As a modification of the original model to apply the available satellite data set, we introduced the lag time by which produced frazil ice is transported and accumulated at the polynya edge. The model represents a half (48–60%) of the polynya variability when using a lag time of 1.5 days. The frazil ice collection depth at the polynya edge, a key parameter in the model, is estimated to be ∼16 cm. The expansion of the RISP is achieved by ice divergence, and the contraction is achieved mostly by ice production. Both the wind and the remaining components (mainly regarded as the ocean current component) in the ice divergence are larger in the western part of the RISP, which explains the larger extent there. In the one‐dimensional frame, assuming that the frazil ice produced within the RISP transforms into consolidated ice with a thickness of 16 cm, the frazil ice production (∼1.7 × 103 m2 d−1) within the RISP approximately balances the export (∼1.6 × 103 m2 d−1) of consolidated thin ice from the RISP edge.
The role of seasonality of mineral dust concentration and size on glacial/interglacial dust changes in the EPICA Dronning Maud Land ice core
Authors: Wegner Anna , Fischer Hubertus , Delmonte Barbara , Petit Jean‐Robert , Erhardt Tobias , Ruth Urs , Svensson Anders , Vinther Bo , Miller Heinrich
Published: August 2015

We present a record of particulate dust concentration and size distribution in subannual resolution measured on the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) Dronning Maud Land (EDML) ice core drilled in the Atlantic sector of the East Antarctic plateau. The record reaches from present day back to the penultimate glacial until 145,000 years B.P. with subannual resolution from 60,000 years B.P. to the present. Mean dust concentrations are a factor of 46 higher during the glacial (~850–4600 ng/mL) compared to the Holocene (~16–112 ng/mL) with slightly smaller dust particles during the glacial compared to the Holocene and with an absolute minimum in the dust size at 16,000 years B.P. The changes in dust concentration are mainly attributed to changes in source conditions in southern South America. An increase in the modal value of the dust size suggests that at 16,000 years B.P. a major change in atmospheric circulation apparently allowed more direct transport of dust particles to the EDML drill site. We find a clear in‐phase relation of the seasonal variation in dust mass concentration and dust size during the glacial (r(conc,size) = 0.8) but no clear phase relationship during the Holocene (0 < r(conc,size) < 0.4). With a simple conceptual 1‐D model describing the transport of the dust to the ice sheet using the size as an indicator for transport intensity, we find that the effect of the changes in the seasonality of the source emission strength and the transport intensity on the dust decrease over Transition 1 can significantly contribute to the large decrease of dust concentration from the glacial to the Holocene.
Atmospheric responses to the redistribution of anthropogenic aerosols
Authors: Wang Yuan , Jiang Jonathan H. , Su Hui
Published: August 2015

The geographical shift of global anthropogenic aerosols from the developed countries to the Asian continent since the 1980s could potentially perturb the regional and global climate due to aerosol‐cloud‐radiation interactions. We use an atmospheric general circulation model with different aerosol scenarios to investigate the radiative and microphysical effects of anthropogenic aerosols from different regions on the radiation budget, precipitation, and large‐scale circulations. An experiment contrasting anthropogenic aerosol scenarios in 1970 and 2010 shows that the altered cloud reflectivity and solar extinction by aerosols results in regional surface temperature cooling in East and South Asia, and warming in the US and Europe, respectively. These aerosol‐induced temperature changes are consistent with the relative temperature trends from 1980 to 2010 over different regions in the reanalysis data. A reduced meridional streamfunction and zonal winds over the tropics as well as a poleward shift of the jet stream suggest weakened and expanded tropical circulations, which are induced by the redistributed aerosols through a relaxing of the meridional temperature gradient. Consequently, precipitation is suppressed in the deep tropics and enhanced in the subtropics. Our assessments of the aerosol effects over the different regions suggest that the increasing Asian pollution accounts for the weakening of the tropics circulation, while the decreasing pollution in Europe and US tends to shift the circulation systems southward. Moreover, the aerosol indirect forcing is predominant over the total aerosol forcing in magnitude, while aerosol radiative and microphysical effects jointly shape the meridional energy distributions and modulate the circulation systems.
Evolution of Patient Decision‐Making Regarding Medical Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Mathews Alexandra L. , Coleska Adriana , Burns Patricia B. , Chung Kevin C.
Published: August 2015

Objective

The migration of health care toward a consumer‐driven system favors increased patient participation during the treatment decision‐making process. Patient involvement in treatment decision discussions has been linked to increased treatment adherence and patient satisfaction. Previous studies have quantified decision‐making styles of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, none of them have considered the evolution of patient involvement after living with RA for many years. We conducted a qualitative study to determine the decision‐making model used by long‐term RA patients, and to describe the changes in their involvement over time.

Methods

Twenty participants were recruited from the ongoing Silicone Arthroplasty in Rheumatoid Arthritis study. Semistructured interviews were conducted and data were analyzed using grounded theory methodology.

Results

Nineteen out of 20 participants recalled using the paternalistic decision‐making (PDM) model immediately following their diagnosis. Fourteen of the 19 participants who initially used PDM evolved to shared decision‐making (SDM). Participants attributed the change in involvement to the development of a trusting relationship with their physician, as well as to becoming educated about the disease.

Conclusion

When initially diagnosed with RA, patients may let their physician decide on the best treatment course. However, over time patients may evolve to exercise a more collaborative role. Physicians should understand that even within SDM, each patient can demonstrate a varied amount of autonomy. It is up to the physician to have a discussion with each patient to determine his or her desired level of involvement.
Within‐Day Variability of Fatigue and Pain Among African Americans and Non‐Hispanic Whites With Osteoarthritis of the Knee
Authors: Smith Dylan M. , Parmelee Patricia A.
Published: August 2015

Objective

Fatigue is common among persons with osteoarthritis (OA), but little is known about racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence, correlates, or dynamics of fatigue in OA. This research therefore used experience sampling methodology (ESM) to examine fatigue and pain at global and momentary levels among African Americans and non‐Hispanic whites with OA.

Methods

Thirty‐nine African Americans and 81 non‐Hispanic whites with physician‐diagnosed knee OA completed a baseline interview and an ESM protocol assessing fatigue, pain, and mood 4 times daily for 7 days. In addition to analyzing basic group differences, multilevel modeling examined within‐ versus between‐subject patterns and correlates of variability in momentary fatigue, controlling for demographics and other potential confounders.

Results

Both racial groups experienced moderate levels of fatigue; however, there were clear individual differences in both mean fatigue level and variability across momentary assessments. Mean fatigue levels were associated with global pain and depression. Increase in fatigue over the course of the day was much stronger among non‐Hispanic whites than African Americans. Momentary fatigue and pain were closely correlated. Mean fatigue predicted variability in mood; at the momentary level, both fatigue and pain were independently associated with mood.

Conclusion

Fatigue is a significant factor for both African Americans and non‐Hispanic whites with OA, and is negatively related to quality of life. Pain symptoms, at both the momentary level and across individuals, were robust predictors of fatigue. Although overall levels of reported symptoms were similar across these 2 groups, the pattern of fatigue symptoms across the day differed.
Clinical Impact of Coexisting Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis in Japanese Patients With Medial Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Iijima Hirotaka , Fukutani Naoto , Aoyama Tomoki , Fukumoto Takahiko , Uritani Daisuke , Kaneda Eishi , Ota Kazuo , Kuroki Hiroshi , Matsuda Shuichi
Published: August 2015

Objective

To evaluate the clinical impact in knee osteoarthritis (OA) of coexisting patellofemoral (PF) joint OA (PFOA) in Japanese patients with medial tibiofemoral (TF) joint OA (TFOA).

Methods

Patients with medial knee OA (n = 143) were enrolled. The radiographic severity of the TF and PF joints, anatomic axis angle of the TF joint, patellar alignment, trochlear morphology, patellar height, and passive range of motion (ROM) of the painful knee were evaluated. Additionally, the Japanese Knee Osteoarthritis Measure (JKOM) was used to investigate the association between the presence of PFOA and clinical symptoms.

Results

PFOA was present in 98 of 143 patients (68.5%) with medial knee OA. Quantile regression analysis revealed that coexisting PFOA was associated with the pain‐related subcategory of the JKOM. Furthermore, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that coexisting PFOA was associated with higher odds of reporting knee pain on using stairs while ascending (odds ratio [OR] 4.81 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.73, 14.3]) and descending (OR 3.86 [95% CI 1.44, 10.8]). A more varus knee alignment and lower knee flexion ROM, which are features of patients with coexisting PFOA, were associated with knee pain while ascending/descending stairs. However, patellar alignment, trochlear morphology, and patellar height were not significantly associated with knee pain.

Conclusion

PFOA coexisting with medial knee OA was associated with worse clinical symptoms, particularly while ascending/descending stairs, although patellar alignment did not contribute to reporting knee pain. Further studies that include evaluation of the PF joint are warranted to develop a basis for an optimal intervention based on compartmental involvement.
Self‐Reported Knee Instability Before and After Total Knee Replacement Surgery
Authors: Fleeton Genevieve , Harmer Alison R. , Nairn Lillias , Crosbie Jack , March Lyn , Crawford Ross , van der Esch Martin , Fransen Marlene
Published: August 2015

Objective

To determine the prevalence and burden of pain and activity limitations associated with retaining presurgery self‐reported knee instability 6 months after total knee replacement (TKR) surgery and to identify early potentially modifiable risk factors for retaining knee instability in the operated knee after TKR surgery.

Methods

A secondary analysis was performed using measures obtained from 390 participants undergoing primary unilateral TKR and participating in a randomized clinical trial. Self‐reported knee instability was measured using 2 items from the Activities of Daily Living Scale of the Knee Outcome Survey. Outcome measures were knee pain (range 0–20) and physical function (range 0–68) on the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), stair‐climb power, 50‐foot walk time, knee range of motion, and isometric knee flexion and extension strength.

Results

In this study, 72% of participants reported knee instability just prior to surgery, with 32% retaining instability in the operated knee 6 months after surgery. Participants retaining operated knee instability had significantly more knee pain and activity limitations 6 months after surgery, with mean ± SD WOMAC scores of 4.8 ± 3.7 and 17.5 ± 11.1, respectively, compared to participants without knee instability, with 2.9 ± 3.1 and 9.8 ± 9.2. The multivariable predictor model for retained knee instability included a high comorbidity score (>6), low stair‐climb power (<150 watts), more pain in the operated knee (>7 of 20), and younger age (<60 years).

Conclusion

Self‐reported knee instability is highly prevalent before and after TKR surgery and is associated with a considerable burden of pain and activity limitation in the operated knee. Increasing lower extremity muscle power may reduce the risk of retaining knee instability after TKR surgery.
Circulating Interferon‐Inducible Protein IFI16 Correlates With Clinical and Serological Features in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Alunno Alessia , Caneparo Valeria , Bistoni Onelia , Caterbi Sara , Terenzi Riccardo , Gariglio Marisa , Bartoloni Elena , Manzo Antonio , Landolfo Santo , Gerli Roberto
Published: August 2015

Objective

The interferon‐inducible protein 16 (IFI16) has been detected in sera from patients with autoimmune/inflammatory diseases, but not in healthy subjects. This leaking leads to loss of tolerance toward this self‐protein and the development of autoantibodies. In this study, clinical significance of both IFI16 protein and anti‐IFI16 antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was investigated.

Methods

IFI16 protein and anti‐IFI16 antibody levels were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in serum samples from 154 RA patients and 182 healthy controls, and in synovial fluid (SF) samples from 21 RA patients and 25 patients with osteoarthritis (OA).

Results

Mean serum levels for both IFI16 and anti‐IFI16 antibodies were higher in RA patients than in healthy controls, with a direct correlation between IFI16 concentration and anti‐IFI16 antibody titer. The majority of RA patients with detectable circulating IFI16 protein were also positive for rheumatoid factor (RF)/anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti‐CCP). The latter group was found to be positive for anti‐IFI16 antibodies as well. The mean SF concentrations of both IFI16 protein and anti‐IFI16 antibodies were higher in RA patients when compared with control OA patients. Interestingly, the presence of circulating IFI16 protein, but not anti‐IFI16 antibodies, significantly correlated with RA‐associated pulmonary disease. This correlation was not dependent on the presence of anti‐IFI16 antibodies, sex, and smoking habit.

Conclusion

Our data demonstrate that the high levels of circulating IFI16 in RA are more frequent in RF/anti‐CCP–positive RA patients and significantly associated with pulmonary involvement. The relevance of circulating IFI16 protein as a new clinical biomarker of RA should be verified with additional studies.
Prevalence of Renal Impairment in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results From a Cross‐Sectional Multicenter Study
Authors: Couderc Marion , Tatar Zuzana , Pereira Bruno , Tiple Aurélien , Gilson Mélanie , Fautrel Bruno , Pouplin Sophie , Dernis Emmanuelle , Gossec Laure , Gaujoux‐Viala Cécile , Soubrier Martin , Dougados Maxime
Published: August 2015

Objective

To assess the prevalence and associations of renal dysfunction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

COMEDRA is a French nationwide cross‐sectional multicenter study on comorbidities in RA. Renal function was assessed from the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation. RA characteristics and risk factors for renal impairment were collected. Two logistic regression models, 1 with and 1 without the Framingham Risk Score, were constructed from variables that were significantly associated with an eGFR of <60 ml/minute/1.73 m2 or were clinically relevant.

Results

Of the 970 recruited patients, 931 were analyzed (women 79.6%, mean age 57.8 years, disease duration 11.1 years, Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate [DAS28‐ESR] 3.1). A total of 82 patients (8.8%) had an eGFR <60 ml/minute/1.73 m2 and 9% had proteinuria. In univariate analysis, renal impairment was associated with age (P < 0.001), history of hypertension (P < 0.001), high systolic blood pressure (P = 0.03), and the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) equation (P = 0.002), but not with sex, disease duration, disease activity (as assessed by DAS28‐ESR), nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use, disease severity (erosions, joint replacement), or RA medications. Multivariate analysis models showed that age (odds ratio [OR] 1.05 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.03–1.09]) and hypertension (OR 2.5 [95% CI 1.5–4.3]) were associated with renal impairment. A second model showed that the SCORE equation (OR 1.33 [95% CI 1.06–1.67]) was associated with renal impairment.

Conclusion

Renal impairment is relatively common in RA and is associated with cardiovascular risk factors such as age, hypertension, and the SCORE equation but not with disease activity or severity.
Can Metal Matrix‐Hydrophobic Nanoparticle Composites Enhance Water Condensation by Promoting the Dropwise Mode?
Authors: Damle Viraj G. , Sun Xiaoda , Rykaczewski Konrad
Published: August 2015

Incorporation of condensers treated with hydrophobic modifiers that promote the efficient dropwise condensation mode can significantly enhance the performance of power generation and desalination plants. However, this approach is not used in industry because of low thermal conductivity and limited durability of the thin hydrophobic coatings. Here, it is argued that metal matrix hydrophobic nanoparticle composites can be a robust and high thermal conductivity alternative to hydrophobic polymeric and ceramic thin films. By characterizing condensation on a wide range of mimicked composite surfaces, it is demonstrated that to promote dropwise condensation the filler nanoparticles must have size and spacing significantly smaller than the few micrometer average center‐to‐center separation distance between closest neighboring droplets prior to onset of the coalescence dominated growth stage. Furthermore, the nanoparticle density does not have to be high enough to make the surface hydrophobic, but only sufficiently high to reduce the contact angle hysteresis, and with that pinning of droplets during coalescence and gravity assisted shedding. Using experimental results in conjunction with condensation models, it is estimated that a substantial heat transfer enhancement can be achieved via promotion of sustained dropwise mode even by using copper and aluminum matrix composites fully loaded with polytetrafluoroethylene nanoparticles if the film thickness is below ≈0.5 mm.
Liquid‐liquid flow patterns in reduced dimension based on energy minimization approach
Authors: Kannan Aadithya , Ray Subhabrata , Das Gargi
Published: August 2015

Study of liquid‐liquid flow patterns in reduced dimensions is relevant under the current trends to miniaturize process equipment. The phase distribution results from interplay of surface (dominant in microchannels) and gravity forces (dominant in larger dimensions). The proposed analysis, based on minimization of total system energy comprising of kinetic, surface, and potential energy, unravels the influence of wetting properties and predicts the range of existence of annular and plug flow as well as the onset of stratification with increasing conduit dimension. Unlike existing models marking abrupt transitions, the proposed methodology can predict zones of transition where interfacial distributions gradually evolve with change of operating conditions—the predictions agreeing closely to experimental and literature data. The analysis illustrates the coupled effect of diameter, contact angle, and inlet composition on flow distribution and defines the transition from macrodomain to microdomain (millichannels) in terms of Bond number as 0.1 < Bo < 10. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 287–294, 2016
Testing yawning hypotheses in wild populations of two strepsirrhine species: Propithecus verreauxi and Lemur catta
Authors: Zannella Alessandra , Norscia Ivan , Stanyon Roscoe , Palagi Elisabetta
Published: August 2015

Yawning, although easily recognized, is difficult to explain. Traditional explanations stressed physiological mechanisms, but more recently, behavioral processes have received increasing attention. This is the first study to test a range of hypotheses on yawning in wild primate populations. We studied two sympatric strepsirrhine species, Lemur catta, and Propithecus verreauxi, of the Ankoba forest (24.99°S, 46.29°E, Berenty reserve) in southern Madagascar. Sexual dimorphism is lacking in both species. However, their differences in ecological and behavioral characteristics facilitate comparative tests of hypotheses on yawning. Our results show that within each species males and females yawned with similar frequencies supporting the Dimorphism Hypothesis, which predicts that low sexual dimorphism leads to little inter‐sexual differences in yawning. In support of the State Changing Hypothesis yawning frequencies was linked to the sleep‐wake cycle and punctuated transitions from one behavior to another. Accordingly, yawning frequencies were significantly higher in L. catta than in P. verreauxi, because L. catta has a higher basal level of activity and consequently a higher number of behavioral transitions. In agreement with the Anxiety Hypothesis, yawning increased significantly in the 10 min following predatory attacks or aggression. Our findings provide the first empirical evidence of a direct connection between anxiety and yawning in lemurs. Our results show that yawning in these two strepsirrhines occurs in different contexts, but more research will be necessary to determine if yawns are a single, unitary behavior. Am. J. Primatol. 77:1207–1215, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kovalente Funktionalisierung von Graphen auf Substraten
Authors: Criado Alejandro , Melchionna Michele , Marchesan Silvia , Prato Maurizio
Published: August 2015

Die Nutzung von auf festen Substraten gezogenem oder abgeschiedenem Graphen bietet wesentliche Vorteile, wenn man mithilfe von Funktionalisierungsprozessen fein abgestimmte Strukturen für die Elektronik und “intelligente” Materialien erzielen möchte. In diesem Aufsatz konzentrieren wir uns zunächst auf die Natur und die Eigenschaften von Graphen auf Substraten in Abhängigkeit von den jeweiligen Herstellungsverfahren. Anschließend analysieren wir die maßgebliche Literatur zur Funktionalisierung von Graphen auf einem Substrat. Insbesondere werden wir radikalische Reaktionen, Cycloadditionen, Halogenierungen, Hydrierungen und Oxidationen vergleichend diskutieren. Dabei werden wir besonders auf die Frage eingehen, wie die Reaktivität von Graphen durch seine Morphologie beeinflusst wird (d. h. Anzahl von Lagen, Defekte, Substrat, Krümmung usw.).
Weak‐Acid Sites Catalyze the Hydrolysis of Crystalline Cellulose to Glucose in Water: Importance of Post‐Synthetic Functionalization of the Carbon Surface
Authors: To Anh The , Chung Po‐Wen , Katz Alexander
Published: August 2015

The direct hydrolysis of crystalline cellulose to glucose in water without prior pretreatment enables the transformation of biomass into fuels and chemicals. To understand which features of a solid catalyst are most important for this transformation, the nanoporous carbon material MSC‐30 was post‐synthetically functionalized by oxidation. The most active catalyst depolymerized crystalline cellulose without prior pretreatment in water, providing glucose in an unprecedented 70 % yield. In comparison, virtually no reaction was observed with MSC‐30, even when the reaction was conducted in aqueous solution at pH 2. As no direct correlations between the activity of this solid–solid reaction and internal‐site characteristics, such as the β‐glu adsorption capacity and the rate of catalytic hydrolysis of adsorbed β‐glu strands, were observed, contacts of the external surface with the cellulose crystal are thought to be key for the overall efficiency.
Selective Synthesis of Single‐ and Multi‐Walled Supramolecular Nanotubes by Using Solvophobic/Solvophilic Controls: Stepwise Radial Growth via “Coil‐on‐Tube” Intermediates
Authors: Prasanthkumar Seelam , Zhang Wei , Jin Wusong , Fukushima Takanori , Aida Takuzo
Published: August 2015

Novel hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene (HBC) derivatives, FHBC and FHBC*, which carry perfluoroalkyl segments on one side of the HBC core and long alkyl tails on the other, were synthesized. Their perfluoroalkyl segments are highly solvated in C6F6 (solvophilic effect) and do not assemble, whereas in CH2Cl2, they are excluded (solvophobic effect) and assemble together consequently. For example, the use of C6F6 and CH2Cl2 as assembling media for FHBC leads to the selective formation of single‐ and multi‐walled nanotubes, respectively. When a higher monomer concentration is applied in CH2Cl2, multi‐walled nanotubes with a larger number of walls result. FHBC in CH2Cl2 self‐assembles rather slowly, thereby allowing for the observation of coil‐on‐tube structures, which are possible intermediates for the stepwise radial growth of the nanotubular wall. Casting of the multi‐walled nanotubes onto a quartz plate yields a superhydrophobic thin film with a water contact angle of 161±2°.
Disulfonimide‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Reduction of N‐Alkyl Imines
Authors: Wakchaure Vijay N. , Kaib Philip S. J. , Leutzsch Markus , List Benjamin
Published: August 2015

A chiral disulfonimide (DSI)‐catalyzed asymmetric reduction of N‐alkyl imines with Hantzsch esters as a hydrogen source in the presence of Boc2O has been developed. The reaction delivers Boc‐protected N‐alkyl amines with excellent yields and enantioselectivity. The method tolerates a large variety of alkyl amines, thus illustrating potential for a general reductive cross‐coupling of ketones with diverse amines, and it was applied in the synthesis of the pharmaceuticals (S)‐Rivastigmine, NPS R‐568 Hydrochloride, and (R)‐Fendiline.
Carbamate‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Bromolactamization
Authors: Cheng Yi An , Yu Wesley Zongrong , Yeung Ying‐Yeung
Published: August 2015

A highly facile, efficient, and enantioselective bromolactamization of olefinic amides was effected by a carbamate catalyst and ethanol additive. The amide substrates underwent N‐cyclization predominantly to give a diverse range of enantioenriched bromolactam products containing up to two stereogenic centers.