bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Dual Monoclonal Antibody Therapies for COVID-19 Evolution: A Multicentric Retrospective Study
Authors: Zafilaza Karen , Bellet Jonathan , Truffot Aurélie , Foulongne Vincent , Onambele Manuela Mireille , Salmona Maud , Vellas Camille , Périllaud-Dubois Claire , Mirand Audrey , André-Garnier Elisabeth , Alidjinou Enagnon Kazali , Brichler Ségolène , Fenaux Honorine , Bouvier-Alias Magali , Hartard Cédric , Dorival Céline , Carrat Fabrice , Marcelin Anne-Geneviève , Stefic Karl , Soulie Cathia
Published: September 2024

Background: Neutralizing antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein reduce COVID-19-related risk of hospitalization, particularly in high-risk individuals. The COCOPREV-R study aimed to evaluate and compare clinical outcomes in high-risk SARS-CoV-2 patients treated with dual monoclonal antibody therapies and to identify associated virological factors. Methods: The COCOPREV-R study retrospectively collected real-world data from high-risk patients receiving Bamlanivimab/Etesevimab or Casirivimab/Imdevimab dual monoclonal antibody therapies (22 February 2021 to 15 June 2021). Results: The study included 1004 patients with COVID-19, of whom 691 received Bamlanivimab/Etesevimab and 313 received Casirivimab/Imdevimab. The alpha variant represented 90.1% of those for whom data were available. The risk of hospitalization within 30 days was lower with Bamlanivimab/Etesevimab (12.7%, CI 95% [9.9–16.3%]) compared to Casirivimab/Imdevimab (28.4%, CI 95% [22.7–35.1%) (p < 0.001). The 30-day mortality rates were comparable between both groups (p = 0.982). Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 PCR negativity showed no difference between the two treatment groups (95.2% [93.0–96.9%] and 93.5% [89.1–96.6%] until day 30, p = 0.851 for Bamlanivimab/Etesevimab and Casirivimab/Imdevimab, respectively). Among persistently positive samples with available sequencing results (n = 43), Spike protein changes occurred only in Bamlanivimab/Etesevimab (42.9%) vs. Casirivimab/Imdevimab (0.0%) groups. Q493R (25.0%) and E484K (12.5%) were the most common mutations selected by Bamlanivimab/Etesevimab in follow-up samples. Other factors (immunodepression, comorbidities, and age) did not appear to be associated with the occurrence of Spike protein mutations. Conclusions: A higher rate of hospitalization was seen with Casirivimab/Imdevimab (RONAPREVE®) in comparison with Bamlanivimab/Etesevimab treatment, but with the emergence of Spike mutations only in the Bamlanivimab/Etesevimab group.
Exploring the Frontiers of Virus–Host Interactions—3rd Edition
Authors: Mukherjee Anupam , Bagchi Parikshit
Published: September 2024

It is with great enthusiasm that we introduce the third edition of the “Virus–Host Interaction” series, a collection that epitomizes the ever-evolving landscape of virology [...]
First Detection and Characterization of Smacovirus in the Human Vagina in Two Sequential Samples over a Twelve-Day Interval
Authors: da Costa Antonio Charlys , Tozetto-Mendoza Tania Regina , Foro Ramos Endrya do Socorro , Bortoletto Pietro , Ferreira Noely Evangelista , Honorato Layla , Garcia Barbosa Erick Matheus , Paião Heuder Gustavo Oliveira , de Souza Amanda Fernandes , Linhares Iara M. , Spandorfer Steven D. , Leal Elcio , Mendes-Correa Maria Cassia , Witkin Steven S.
Published: September 2024

Background: Smacovirus is a CRESS-DNA virus identified almost exclusively in transient fecal samples from various vertebrate species. Objective: We evaluated human vaginal samples for the presence and maintenance of Smacovirus. Methods: Viral metagenomics analysis was performed on vaginal samples collected from 28 apparently healthy women in New York City, USA. Twenty-one of the women provided duplicate samples over a 12–21-day interval. Results: Phylogenetic analysis identified two samples from the same individual, collected over a twelve-day interval, that were positive for the complete Smacovirus genome. All detected sequence contigs belonged to a single variant of CRESS-DNA. Conclusions: The continuous presence of Smacovirus in the human vagina over a twelve-day period was identified.
Understanding the Omicron Variant Impact in Healthcare Workers: Insights from the Prospective COVID-19 Post-Immunization Serological Cohort in Munich (KoCo-Impf) on Risk Factors for Breakthrough and Reinfections
Authors: Janke Christian , Rubio-Acero Raquel , Weigert Maximilian , Reinkemeyer Christina , Khazaei Yeganeh , Kleinlein Lisa , Le Gleut Ronan , Radon Katja , Hannes Marlene , Picasso Francesco , Lucke Anne Elisabeth , Plank Michael , Kotta Irene Charlotte , Paunovic Ivana , Zhelyazkova Ana , Noreña Ivan , Winter Simon , Hoelscher Michael , Wieser Andreas , Küchenhoff Helmut , Castelletti Noemi ,   on behalf of the ORCHESTRA Working Group
Published: September 2024

This study analyzes immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infection, including asymptomatic cases, focusing on infection risks during the Omicron wave, particularly among high-risk healthcare workers. In the KoCo-Impf study, we monitored 6088 vaccinated participants in Munich aged 18 and above. From 13 May to 31 July 2022, 2351 participants were follow-uped. Logistic regression models evaluated primary, secondary, and breakthrough infections (BTIs). Roche Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assays detected prior infections (via anti-Nucleocapsid antibodies) and assessed vaccination/infection impact (via anti-Spike antibodies) using dried blood spots. Our findings revealed an anti-Nucleocapsid seroprevalence of 44.1%. BTIs occurred in 38.8% of participants, with reinfections in 48.0%. Follow-up participation was inversely associated with current smoking and non-vaccination, while significantly increasing with age and receipt of three vaccine doses. Larger household sizes and younger age increased infection risks, whereas multiple vaccinations and older age reduced them. Household size and specific institutional subgroups were risk factors for BTIs. The anti-Nucleocapsid value prior to the second infection was significantly associated with reinfection risk. Institutional subgroups influenced all models, underscoring the importance of tailored outbreak responses. The KoCo-Impf study underscores the importance of vaccination, demographic factors, and institutional settings in understanding SARS-CoV-2 infection risks during the Omicron wave.
Vaccines Hesitancy and Public Health
Authors: Pérez-Rivas Francisco Javier , Ajejas Bazán María Julia
Published: September 2024

We are delighted to present this editorial to close the Special Issue, ‘Vaccines Hesitancy and Public Health’, which we have had the honour of coordinating [...]
Generation and Genetic Stability of a PolX and 5′ MGF-Deficient African Swine Fever Virus Mutant for Vaccine Development
Authors: Pérez-Núñez Daniel , Madden Daniel W. , Vigara-Astillero Gonzalo , Meekins David A. , McDowell Chester D. , Libanori-Artiaga Bianca , García-Belmonte Raquel , Bold Dashzeveg , Trujillo Jessie D. , Cool Konner , Kwon Taeyong , Balaraman Velmurugan , Morozov Igor , Gaudreault Natasha N. , Revilla Yolanda , Richt Juergen A.
Published: September 2024

The African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes fatal disease in pigs and is currently spreading globally. Commercially safe vaccines are urgently required. Aiming to generate a novel live attenuated vaccine (LAV), a recombinant ASFV was generated by deleting the viral O174L (PolX) gene. However, during in vitro generation, an additional spontaneous deletion of genes belonging to the multigene families (MGF) occurred, creating a mixture of two viruses, namely, Arm-ΔPolX and Arm-ΔPolX-ΔMGF. This mixture was used to inoculate pigs in a low and high dose to assess the viral dynamics of both populations in vivo. Although the Arm-ΔPolX population was a much lower proportion of the inoculum, in the high-dose immunized animals, it was the only resulting viral population, while Arm-ΔPolX-ΔMGF only appeared in low-dose immunized animals, revealing the role of deleted MGFs in ASFV fitness in vivo. Furthermore, animals in the low-dose group survived inoculation, whereas animals in the high-dose group died, suggesting that the lack of MGF and PolX genes, and not the PolX gene alone, led to attenuation. The two recombinant viruses were individually isolated and inoculated into piglets, confirming this hypothesis. However, immunization with the Arm-ΔPolX-ΔMGF virus did not induce protection against challenge with the virulent parental ASFV strain. This study demonstrates that deletion of the PolX gene alone neither leads to attenuation nor induces an increased mutation rate in vivo.
Effect of Rice–Carp Coculture on Phytoplankton and Microzooplankton Community Composition in Paddy Water during Different Rice Growth Stages
Authors: Welde Geleta Tiko , Li Bing , Hou Yiran , Ayana Gelana Urgesa , Zhou Linjun , Jia Rui , Zhu Jian
Published: September 2024

Integrated rice–fish farming, an agricultural practice that combines cultivating rice and breeding fish in the same field, has attracted widespread attention. However, there is limited research on how the rice–carp coculture impacts the community structure of phytoplankton and microzooplankton in paddy water. This study employed eDNA metabarcoding sequencing to analyze the composition of phytoplankton and microzooplankton in a rice monoculture system (RM) and a rice–carp coculture system (RF). Following annotation, we identified 9 phyla, 89 families, 275 genera, and 249 species of phytoplankton, along with 20 phyla (or subphyla and classes), 85 families, 222 genera, and 179 species of microzooplankton. The alpha diversity indices revealed significantly higher richness, diversity, and evenness in the RF group compared to the RM group during grain-filling stage. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) demonstrated notable differences in the phytoplankton and microzooplankton compositions between the two groups across various rice growth stages. Composition analysis showed that rice–carp coculture increased the relative abundance of dominant phytoplankton phyla such as Bacillariophyta, Chrysophyta, and Euglenophyta while decreasing that of Cryptophyta. In microzooplankton, the coculture resulted in an increased abundance of Intramacronucleata (subphylum) and a decrease in Conoidasida (class). In conclusion, the rice–carp coculture enhances the diversity of plankton, particularly during the grain-filling stage, and simultaneously alters the composition and abundance of dominant plankton species in the paddy water. These findings enhance understanding of the broader impacts of integrated rice–carp farming on agricultural ecosystems, emphasizing alterations in the diversity and composition of aquatic microorganisms
Comprehensive Study on Hydrogeological Conditions and Suitability Evaluation of In Situ Leaching for Sandstone-Hosted Uranium Deposit in Erlian Basin
Authors: Meng Lishan , Ning Hang , Jiang Wanjun , Sheng Yizhi , Wang Wei , Tang Chao
Published: September 2024

As a strategic mineral and energy resource, the enrichment and metallogenic mechanism of sandstone-hosted uranium deposits are highly dependent on hydrogeological conditions. However, the relationship between sandstone uranium mineralization and hydrogeological conditions has not received sufficient attention yet. The pumping test, hydrogeological parameters and hydrochemical characteristics were employed to analyze the change characteristics of hydrogeological conditions and evaluate the suitability of in situ leaching (ISL). The results showed that the study area in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region could be divided into two groundwater subsystems, namely Quanzha-Engeriyin and Luhai-Zhendai. The latter with relatively high water richness is confined and a main ore-bearing aquifer, which consists of four orebodies. The well discharge (Q) and hydraulic conductivity (K) of Orebody II ranged from 98.40 to 867.36 m3/d and 0.25 to 5.64 m/d, respectively, indicating the aquifer is suitable for the migration, enrichment and mineralization of uranium due to relatively high permeability and fast flow rate. The water storage of Orebodies III-IV gradually deteriorated from east to west in a stepped pattern. And the highest values of Q and K in Orebodies III-IV decreased from 1200 m3/d to 120 m3/d and 1.75 m/d to 0.035 m/d, respectively, suggesting these were conducive to a reduction in and accumulation of uranium under poor hydrodynamic conditions. Additionally, the study area would be defined as three grades, including favorable, relatively favorable and unfavorable areas of ISL according to a comprehensive evaluation. This study provided a scientific basis for evaluating the possibility of in situ leaching for sandstone-hosted uranium deposit.
Assessment of the Health Status of Whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus Linnaeus, 1758) and the Quality of Its Habitat in Lake Sevan (Armenia) Using a Multi-Biomarker Approach
Authors: Melkonyan Hranush , Chuiko Grigorii , Barseghyan Nelli , Vardanyan Tigran , Ghukasyan Evelina , Kobelyan Hripsime , Gabrielyan Bardukh
Published: September 2024

Lake Sevan is a freshwater reservoir in the Caucasus region. Since the first half of the 20th century, the lake has undergone significant changes caused by human activity and anthropogenic pressure. To identify the current ecological state of two bays—Lchashen and Lichk—located in different parts of the lake, a study was conducted in 2022–2023 using a multi-biomarker approach. For this purpose, biomarkers for assessing the health status of fish and the quality of their living conditions were used such as the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the brain, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and the concentration of reduced glutathione (RGS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver and gills of the whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus Linnaeus, 1758). In addition, hydrochemical and ichthyological analyses were conducted. This study demonstrated seasonal dynamics for all biomarkers. Comparative analysis of biomarkers and hydrochemical and ichthyological data showed that the whitefish in Lchashen Bay is in worse health, and its living conditions there are less favorable than in Lichk Bay.
Degradation Mechanism and Online Electrical Monitoring Techniques of Stator Winding Insulation in Inverter-Fed Machines: A Review
Authors: Zou Zihan , Liu Senyi , Kang Jinsong
Published: September 2024

Inverter-fed machines are widely used in electric vehicle drive systems and have shown a trend toward high voltage and frequency in recent years. They are subjected to multiple types of stress during operation, causing potential short-circuit fault damage to the stator winding insulation. Online condition monitoring of the insulation before or in the early stage of the short circuit fault can effectively reduce maintenance costs and ensure its health. This paper reviews and summarizes the deterioration mechanism and the recent online electrical monitoring techniques. First, four types of failure stress and each type’s failure factors and mechanisms are analyzed. The coupling effect and overall process of multi-physical fields on stator insulation failure are considered. Secondly, the latest online electrical monitoring technologies are summarized. Each technique’s principles, methods, advantages, and disadvantages are analyzed. Finally, existing problems and possible directions for improvement in current research are discussed, focusing on their feasibility and accuracy in practical applications.
Groundwater Quality and Potential Health Risk Assessment for Potable Use
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Matta Gagan , Kumar Amit , Pant Gaurav
Published: September 2024

The Ramganga River basin, comprising three rivers, the Dhela, Dhandi, and Ramganga, plays a vital role in groundwater recharge, sustaining numerous industries, urban areas, and rural communities reliant on these rivers for daily activities. The study’s primary purpose was to analyze the groundwater quality in the context of potability, irrigation, and health risks to the local inhabitants of the Ramganga River basin. In 2021–2022, 52 samples (26 × 2) were collected from 13 locations in two different seasons, i.e., pre-monsoon and post-monsoon, and 20 physico-chemical and heavy metal and metalloids were analyzed using the standard protocols. The result shows that heavy metal and metalloids and metalloid concentrations of Zn (0.309–1.787 and 0.613–1.633); Fe (0.290–0.965 and 0.253–1.720), Cd (0.001–0.002 and 0.001–0.002); As (0.001–0.002 and 0.001–0.002), Cr (0.009–0.027 and 0.011–0.029), and Pb (−0.001–0.010 and 0.00–0.010) values in mg/L are present in both seasons. The groundwater quality index (GWQI), heavy metal pollution Index (HPI), and heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) were used to assess the water quality and metal pollution in the basin area. As per GWQI values, water quality lies from excellent water quality (41.639 and 43.091) to good water quality (56.326 and 53.902); as per HPI values, it shows good (29.51 and 30.03) to poor quality (60.26 and 59.75) and HEI values show the low-level contamination (1.03–2.57 and 1.13–3.37) of heavy metal and metalloids in both seasons. According to the potential health risk assessment, infants show low risk in pre-monsoon and low risk to medium post-monsoon, while children and adults show low risk to high risk in both seasons. From the health risk perspective, it shows that children and adults have more concerns about non-carcinogenic effects, so adequate remedial measures and treatment are required to avoid the groundwater quality of the Ramganga River basin.
The Association between ADHD Symptoms and Antisocial Behavior: Differential Effects of Maternal and Paternal Parenting Behaviors
Authors: Salihovic Selma , Zhao Xiang , Glatz Terese
Published: September 2024

The present study examined the moderating role of maternal and paternal behaviors on the association between ADHD symptoms and antisocial behavior. The data are from a Swedish community-based study with 2886 adolescent participants, aged 13–15. We analyzed the adolescents’ self-reports of negative and positive parental behavior, ADHD symptoms, and antisocial behavior. Results show that ADHD symptoms significantly predicted levels of antisocial behavior in both maternal- and paternal-moderated regression models. Also, several significant interaction effects emerged. Fathers’ attempted understanding and mothers’ warmth significantly buffered the association with antisocial behavior. In turn, mothers’ negative behaviors—both coldness and rejection and angry outbursts—significantly enhanced the association with antisocial behavior, whereas only fathers’ angry outbursts emerged as a significant moderator. Thus, there is support for differential effects of maternal and paternal behavior on the association between ADHD symptoms and adolescent antisocial behavior.
Diagnosis and imaging of diaphragmatic eventration: A case report
Authors: Nasution Ikhwanul Hakim , Soekardi Adi , Mahatvavirya Redo Widhio
Published: September 2024

Background: Diaphragmatic eventration is a rare disorder that is typically found by accident in asymptomatic patients with a raised hemidiaphragm on chest X-rays. Both acquired and developmental defects can cause diaphragmatic eventration. The imaging methods for diaphragmatic eventration are numerous. Chest radiography should be done when there is clinical suspicion; this can be further confirmed with a chest computed tomography (CT). Case presentation: We present a case of a 37 years old woman with a left sided diaphragm eventration presenting as dyspnea and epigastrical discomfort. The diagnosis was made with chest x-ray and then confirmed with a chest CT scans. Discussion: There are several modalities to choose in diaphragmatic imaging. Chest x-ray is the main imaging method for diagnosing diaphragm eventration, in rare cases, a eventration needs to be differentiated using CT or MRI. Other imaging methods such as fluoroscopy and ultrasonography may be used in some instances to assess diaphragm function. Conclusions: There are various methods available in the field of diaphragmatic imaging. Certain methods, like CT and plain chest radiographs, concentrate on the anatomic anomalies of the diaphragm that may indicate dysfunction. Some instruments, including fluoroscopy and ultrasonography, are more appropriate for functional imaging.
PROJETOS DE EDUCAÇÃO NA CONSTRUÇÃO DO APARELHO DE ESTADO DA PROVÍNCIA DE SÃO PAULO SEGUNDO OS RELATÓRIOS PROVINCIAIS (1835-1846)
Authors: Ferreira de Oliveira Santos Luiza , Jesus da Costa Ana Luiza
Published: September 2024

O presente artigo busca compreender, a partir da análise dos Relatórios dos Presidentes da Província de São Paulo, os projetos educacionais em circulação entre os anos de 1835 e 1846. Desde o Ato Adicional de 1834 à Constituição de 1824, a Província de São Paulo, assim como as demais Províncias do Império do Brasil, receberam a autonomia política e administrativa para legislar sobre a Instrução Pública primária e secundária. Nesse contexto, definimos como marcos históricos legislativos para análise, o próprio início do funcionamento da Assembleia Legislativa, a partir do referido Ato Adicional e a Lei Geral nº 34 de 1846, que organizou a Instrução na Província. Os relatórios presidenciais mostraram-se ricas fontes históricas, pois apresentam com periodicidade o quadro educacional, com exceção dos anos de 1835, 1836, 1837 e 1839, em que não foram localizados. No mencionado material, com apoio da historiografia educacional, foram identificadas quatro propostas educativas: a Instrução pública, as Casas de Educação, a Catequese e civilização dos índios e a Escola do Gabinete Topográfico. Tais iniciativas influenciadas pelos ideais iluministas, pretendiam “iluminar” com as luzes da instrução o povo, promovendo a civilização e formação, tendo em vista a construção do recente Estado Nação.
Associations of Patient Activation with Outcomes among Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis: A Retrospective, Longitudinal, Observational Study
Authors: Gopal Tejas , Chen Shijie , Weinhandl Eric , Hussein Wael F.
Published: September 2024

Key Points

The study explores the potential utility of the Patient Activation Measure 13-item survey as a marker for identifying high-risk patients in the dialysis population.

Patient activation had a significant association with mortality. However, no association was observed with hospital admission or markers of adherence.

The findings emphasize the need for further studies to validate patient activation in patients on dialysis and its role in improving patient outcomes.

Background

Patient activation, defined as an individual's readiness, willingness, and ability to manage their own health and health care, is associated with healthy behaviors and improved outcomes. Patients undergoing in-center hemodialysis have low activation, but the association of patient activation with clinical outcomes among patients on dialysis is unclear. We investigated the association between patient activation and outcomes in patients on hemodialysis.

Methods

This cohort included 925 prevalent patients on in-center hemodialysis in ten facilities in a mid-size dialysis provider. All patients who completed the Patient Activation Measure 13-item (PAM-13) survey during a previous study were included, and their records were cross-referenced with data from the electronic heath system. Patients were followed for 180 days after completion of the survey for the primary outcomes of (1) time to death and (2) time to hospitalization. Markers of nonadherence during the months before and after completion of the PAM survey were examined as secondary outcomes, including (1) serum potassium >5.0 mEq/L; (2) serum phosphorus >5.5 mg/dl; (3) missed dialysis treatment because of absence (no hospitalization); and (4) interdialytic weight gain >4.0%. Univariate and adjusted regression models were fit to estimate associations of a three-point increment in PAM-13 score with the outcomes of interest; adjustment factors comprised age, sex, dialysis vintage, serum albumin, diabetes, and hospitalization history.

Results

A three-point increment in PAM score was associated with lower hazard of death (univariate hazard ratio [HR], 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84 to 0.94; adjusted HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.85 to 0.96), but not with hospitalization (univariate HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.02; adjusted HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.02). Higher scores were associated with increased odds of having high phosphorus levels in the unadjusted analysis, but this was attenuated and not significant in adjusted models. There were no significant relationships between a three-point increment in PAM score and any of the other secondary outcomes in univariate and adjusted analyses.

Conclusions

In a cohort of patients on prevalent, in-center hemodialysis, low activation was associated with mortality, but not with hospitalization or measures of nonadherence.
The Performance of Iron Nanocomposites as Persulfate Activators in Permeable Reactive Barrier Technology for Treatment of Landfill Leachate
Authors: Mohamad Soubh Alaa
Published: September 2024

Landfill leachate contains a large organic load and a wide spectrum of pollutants, and it needs appropriate treatment to reduce the severity of these contaminants. Therefore, the present study aimed to remove chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia (NH3 ) as target contaminants from the landfill leachate. To this end, the zero-valent iron nanofibers/reduced ultra-large graphene oxide (ZVINFs/rULGO) and converter sludge (CS) were used as persulfate (PS) activators in permeable reactive barrier (PRB) technology for removing COD and NH3 . The Box–Behnken design (BBD) was employed to determine the possibility of using each activator and optimize three parameters: activator, pore volume (PV), and flow (mL/min) using target contaminants. In the Batch process, the effects of pH, activator concentration, and PS/COD mass ratio on COD removal were examined. The BBD experiments provided a satisfactory predictive model, indicating that ZVINFs/rULGO is superior to CS when used as activators of PS in PRB technology. The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5 )/COD ratio increased from 0.24 in raw leachate to 0.67 in treated leachate, and leachate toxicity was reduced by more than 85%. Additionally, the ZVINFs/rULGO and CS contributed to the activation of PS.
Stem Cells and Exosomes in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature
Authors: Abolhasanpour Nasrin , Syedaghamiri Fatemehsadat , Rajabi Mojgan , Ziaee Mojtaba , Hosseini Leila
Published: September 2024

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) remains a global public health problem, with increasing incidence which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The duration of blood flow deprivation is a critical risk factor in conditions such as myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, solid organ transplantation, and hemorrhagic shock. From a pathophysiological perspective, IRI leads to numerous architectural, cellular, and metabolic changes in tissues. Moreover, local and systemic inflammation occurs after reperfusion of ischemic tissue. Clinically, the treatment of cases with IRI is frequently restricted to supportive maneuvers, with no exact target-oriented therapies validated so far. Recent research reveals the efficacy of stem cells as a promising therapeutic approach. Additionally, exosomes have been suggested to exert a significant impact on the stimulation of useful signaling pathways in different cardiovascular diseases. This review provided an overview of the new treatment strategies such as stem cell therapy (SCT) and exosome-based treatments for improving myocardial IRI.
Effects of Opium Use on Early and Long-term Outcomes Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Systematic Review
Authors: Taheri Alireza , Masoumkhani Fatemeh , Ahangar Hassan , Pourmemari MohammadHossein , Shahsanaei Farzad , Rahimi Petrudi Nima
Published: September 2024

Background: The role of opium use history in complications after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is still unclear. This study aimed to systematically review the effect of opium use history on the outcomes of CABG in patients with coronary heart disease. Methods: The present systematic review followed the guidelines for the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Manuscript databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, were deeply searched by two blinded investigators for all studies based on the relevant keywords. Google Scholar, Research Gate, and the Cochrane Library were searched as well. Of the twenty-four studies initially collected by database searching, eight were eligible for the final analysis. Results: The results revealed that opium use history led to an increase in the risk of pulmonary and neurological complications, infections, bleeding volume, and atrial fibrillation in-hospital outcomes. In the evaluation of one-year outcomes after surgery, the findings showed an increase in hospital admissions in opium-consuming patients. In addition, in the examination of long-term outcomes, an increase in the risk of long-term mortality and, as a result, a decrease in the long-term survival of opium-using patients could be predicted following the use of opium; however, opium use did not have a significant effect on the long-term major adverse cardiovascular events of patients. Conclusion: Opium use history is a risk factor for the occurrence of postoperative hospital complications, the need for hospital readmission, and long-term CABG postoperative mortality.
Phytochemical analysis and effect of short-term administration of aqueous seed extract of Aframomum melegueta on haematologic indices of female albino rats
Authors: Olunkwa Uche Emmanuel , Iheanacho Kizito Munachiso Enyereibenyem , Igwe Chidi Uzoma , Nwaogu Linus Ahuwaraeze
Published: September 2024

Background and aims: Aframomum melegueta (Alligator pepper) is a dietary spice widely used for entertainment, religious rites, food flavor enhancer, possessing erythropoietic potentials, and many other medicinal uses. Women are included in eating this widely used spice. This experiment determined the health risk or benefit of short-term administration of aqueous seed extract of A. melegueta on haematologic indices of female albino rats. Methods: Thirty adult female albino rats weighing 160 to 200 g were used for the study. Male rats were introduced into the female rat cages of groups II-V within 12h at the expected estrous phase for mating and withdrawn afterward. Groups I, II, and III were orally administered distilled water only, while groups IV and V received oral doses of 5 µg/kg b.w. Cabergoline and 3000 mg/kg b.w. aqueous seed extract of A. melegueta respectively 24 hours postpartum and once daily by oral gavage for three days. Results: Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) identified twelve functional groups in the seed extracts, namely –OH, -NH2 , CH, -NH3 +, -CH3 , -OH, -N=C=O, -C≡N, -C=C=C, -NH, -CH3 and -1,3,5-trisubstituted benzenes, while gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GCFID) determined 15 bioactive components namely kaempferol, naringenin, Sapogernin, flavanones, anthocyanin, flavan-3-ol, cyanogenic glycoside, ribalinidine, rutin, catechin, resveratrol, spartein, epicatechin, steroid and phytate. Non-significant alterations in hemoglobin, packed cell volume (PCV), and red blood cell count were observed. There was a significant (P<0.05) decrease in WBC during pregnancy, but it was improved postpartum. However, platelet count was significantly (P<0.05) reduced after extract administration. Conclusion: The results indicate no adverse anemic condition elicited during pregnancy and delivery on haematologic parameters, namely red blood cells, hemoglobin, and PCV, with a significant decrease in WBC during pregnancy as well as reduction in platelet counts (thrombocytopenia) of extract treated animals post-partum likely due to the flavonoid, resveratrol as well as rutin and (–)-epicatechin components of A. melegueta and thus may increase the risk of bleeding disorders but reflects a positive anti-atherogenic and cardioprotective effect.
Effect of Genetically Modified Soybean Oil Consumption on Biochemical and Histological Changes of Liver and Kidney in Rats
Authors: Taheri Horyie , Mesgari-Abbasi Mehran , Khordadmehr Monireh , Mamaghani Alireza Rahimi , Abbasalizad-Farhangi Mahdieh
Published: September 2024

Background: The use of transgenic foods has increased global food production and food security. However, there are concerns about their potential negative impacts on health. Studies conducted on the effect of transgenic products on humans and animals are limited, and they do not provide an answer regarding the possible health hazards of transgenic products. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of a diet containing genetically modified soybean oil on organ health and biochemical changes in an experimental model. Methods: The current study was conducted on 18 male Wistar rats in three different groups (6 rats per group). One group was fed a diet containing %10 genetically modified soybean oil for 90 days, while the other two groups served as control groups, receiving either non-genetically modified soybean oil or a standard diet, respectively. Body weight and food consumption were measured once and three times a week, respectively. Results: Our findings indicated that transgenic soybean oil contributed to several histological derangements, including congestion, necrosis, and bile duct hyperplasia in the liver analysis. Similarly, congestion, hemorrhage, and glomerulosclerosis were observed in the kidney analysis. Moreover, transgenic soybean oil significantly increased gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (P=0.047) and insulin (P=0.048) levels compared to a standard diet. Furthermore, urea and triglycerides (TG) were significantly higher in genetically modified (GM)-fed rats compared to rats fed with standard or non-GM diet (P<0.001). Conclusion: According to the results, a 90-day treatment with transgenic soy-based oil caused significant organ changes in the liver and kidneys of rats. Further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effects to better elucidate these impacts.
Comparing the effect of sedation with dexmedetomidine and propofol on sleep quality of patients after cardiac surgery: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Azarfarin Rasoul , Ziaei Fard Mohsen , Ghadimi Maryam , Chaibakhsh Yasmin , Yousefi Marziyeh
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Sleep quality is the main concern of patients after cardiac surgery. We compared the effect of two routinely used sedatives on the sleep quality of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) after cardiovascular surgery. Methods: It is a prospective, controlled, randomized clinical trial. A total of 120 patients, after cardiac surgery were enrolled. During extubating, patients were randomized into two groups: 60 patients received an infusion of dexmedetomidine (precede; 0.5 μg/kg/h), and 60 patients received 50 μg/kg/min propofol for 6 hours. Baseline characteristics were compared between the groups. The patients completed the St. Mary’s Hospital Sleep Questionnaire, and the scores were compared between the groups. Results: The groups were not different in terms of demographics, underlying diseases, smoking/drug abuse/alcohol, number of vessels involved, history of non-cardiac surgery, and mean levels of serum parameters (P>0.05). Most of the medications used were similar between the groups (P>0.05), except calcium channel blockers (more frequently used in the propofol group [P=0.027). The details of surgery were not statistically significant different (P>0.05); but, the mean volume of platelet received after the surgery was higher in propofol group (P=0.03). The propofol group had less problems with last night’s sleep (0 vs 0.1±0.66), felt more clear-headed (4.9±0.6 vs 4.68±0.58, were more satisfied with their last night’s sleep (52.1% vs 47.9%), but spent more time getting into sleep (0.38±1.67 vs 0 ) (P<0.5). Conclusion: The sleep quality of patients under the influence of propofol seemed to be better than dexmedetomidine after cardiac surgery.
Investigating the effects of vitamin B12 and Myo-inositol on human sperm parameters during the freeze-thaw process
Authors: Kariminezhad Shiva , Morovati-Sharifabad Majid , Bahadori Mohammad Hadi , Salehi Elham , Golipoor Zoleikha , Heydarnejad Mohammad Saeed
Published: September 2024

Background and aims: While sperm freezing has proven to be beneficial for addressing clinical needs, it can also have negative impacts on sperm function. However, it has been observed that additives with antioxidant properties can help alleviate the damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cold shock. The objective of this research was to examine the effects of incorporating vitamin B12 and Myo-inositol into the freezing medium on human sperm and how they influence sperm parameters. Methods: The semen samples of 20 people with normal fertility were divided into four equal parts after preparation, including the control group, vitamin B12, Myo-inositol, and both vitamin B12 and Myo-inositol. Sperm parameters were examined after melting and washing the samples. The obtained data were analyzed with SPSS software (version 23) and analysis of variance (P<0.05). Results: The results revealed that the groups receiving antioxidants experienced a significant improvement in sperm motility, viability, morphology, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels compared to the control group. Based on the obtained data, the average sperm motility in the control group was 40.65±4, which was less than that of the B12 group’s average (49.5±5.92), the Myo-inositol group (68.70±15.42), and the vitamin B12+Myo-inositol group (71.5±8.63), and this difference was significant (P<.001). Conclusion: According to the findings, the quality of sperm and the rate of recovery of sperm parameters increase with an increase in the TAC concentration and a decrease in the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration.
An interesting change in the branching pattern of abdominal aorta artery in abdominal cavity
Authors: Roshankhah Shiva , Salahshoor Mohammad Reza , Taghavi Mohammad Mohsen , Taghipour Zahra , Dehghani Soltani Samereh , Babaee Abdolreza , Molahoseini Akram , Shabanizadeh Ahmad
Published: September 2024

Anatomical changes of the abdominal aorta artery are highly important in the liver, pancreas, bile ducts, liver transplantation, and abdominal radiological interventions, and knowing about them can reduce the risk of complications from surgery. In this case, an 80-year-old man had anatomical changes in the superior mesenteric and celiac arteries. This person had a celiac arterial trunk, which had a left gastric branch, a splenic branch, and a branch to the diaphragm. In addition to its main branches, the upper mesenteric artery had a hepatic artery (HA) moving toward the liver. Knowing the changes in the celiac trunk and HA is highly essential for designing some abdominal surgeries, including liver transplants, pancreatoduodenectomy, biliary reconstruction, gastrectomy, and other abdominal disorders.
In Silico Prediction of EGFR Inhibitors from Thiophene Derivatives
Authors: Siyah Pınar
Published: September 2024

Cancer is one of the biggest global health problems and is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Cancer also causes great damage to economy. Unfortunately, there is still no effective treatment method against this disease today, and the mortality rates in certain types are still very high. Medical research can now be done faster and safer with the aid of in silico studies. These studies save time for researchers and accelerate new drug discoveries. In our study, thiophene derivatives with important efficacy in cancer treatment were focused on and the affinity of the small molecule structures determined as candidates to the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), known to be the key receptor in cancer, was examined. First, molecular docking studies were performed, and then long-term molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out. Finally, anti-cancer activity predictions based on Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) were performed. Co-crystallized ligand Erlotinib, taken from the Protein Data Bank (PDB), was used as a positive control and compared with candidate drugs using the same procedures. In light of the analysis of virtual screening, MD, MM/GBSA, and QSAR predictions, the top three molecules and their MM/GBSA scores were identified as follows: OSI 930 (-65.81 kcal/mol), Neltenexine (-49.53 kcal/mol), and Tenonitrozole (-41.95 kcal/mol). As a result, in this study, candidate molecules that inhibit EGFR and have the highest potential as anti-cancer drugs among thiophene-derived compounds were determined and detailed in silico analyzes were performed. This study holds importance as it may guide future anti-cancer drug discovery studies.
Beban Kerja dan Dukungan Organisasi terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Dengan Komitmen Organisasi Sebagai Variabel Intervening
Authors: Reini Meidia Hasty Reini , Heliyani
Published: September 2024

This research aims to test and analyze the influence of workload and organizational support on employee performance with organizational commitment as an intervention variable at the Payakumbuh Municipality Education Deparment. This type of research is quantitative research. This sample is all employees of the Payakumbuh City Education Department. The sampling method uses the census method, where all members are used as research samples. This research uses primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through questionnaires which were delivered directly to all employees of the Payakumbuh City Education Office totaling 55 questionnaires and all respondents returned the questionnaires. Meanwhile, secondary data is obtained from existing sources. The data was processed by analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using the SmartPLS4 application. The research results show that workload has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, organizational support has a negative but significant effect on employee performance. Workload has a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment and organizational support has a positive but not significant effect on organizational commitment. Furthermore, organizational commitment has a positive and significant effect on performance. Then the workload variable has a positive and significant effect on performance through organizational commitment, but the organizational support variable has a negative and insignificant effect on performance through organizational commitment.
Relevansi Batas Usia Perkawinan di Indonesia: Perspektif Madzhab Syafi’i dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam
Authors: Mawardi Mawardi , Razak Varid
Published: September 2024

This research is motivated by the existence of age limits for marriage in Indonesia. The aim is for the common good in building a household built through a marriage bond, although in reality, early marriage can still be carried out by submitting a marriage dispensation through the courts for specific reasons. The focus of this research is: (1) How is the argument of the Syafi'i school of thought about the age limit for marriage; (2) How is the age limit for marriage in the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI); and (3) The relevance of the age limit for marriage in Indonesia from the perspective of the Syafi'i School of Thought and the Compilation of Islamic Law. The type of research used in this research is library research, namely by using data from books or books that are in accordance with the title of the research as a source of study, along with reviewing and reading writings and books that are related to the object of discussion. The approach used by researchers in this writing is normative, in the sense of trying to examine the law that has been conceptualized as rules and norms that have been applied in society and become a legal reference for everyone. The results of this study, in the view of the Syafi'i School, the age limit for marriage is seen from maturity, namely when he has reached puberty. Among the signs for someone who has reached puberty is the release of semen for men, usually at the age of 12 years, and menstruation for women, usually at the age of 9 years, because for someone who has reached the nature of puberty and aqil, it means that they have become ahliyah al-ada' who can be burdened with the responsibilities of sharia such as muamalah and other transactions. On the other hand, the Compilation of Islamic Law has provided an age limit for marriage, namely 19 years for men and 16 years for women, because Indonesian scholars see several factors that limit the age of marriage, such as avoiding early marriage, which has a terrible impact on married couples. Regarding its relevance in its implementation in Indonesia, the age limit for marriage in the Compilation of Islamic Law has been determined. However, if you still want to marry under the age that has been determined, you must go through a trial process to request a marriage dispensation from the panel of judges. The opinion of the Syafi'i School can be a choice that can be considered by the panel of judges to approve a marriage dispensation, namely the adequacy of the age of puberty as one indicator of maturity.
SIKOLY – kor- és kórdiagnózisaimból
Authors: Lányi Gusztáv
Published: September 2024

Tanulmányomban Edward Munch (1863–1944) méltán híres festménye – A sikoly (1893) – szimbolikájának pszichológiai elemzésére teszek kísérletet. Abból indulok ki, hogy ez a festmény a modern lelki gyötrődés sűrítménye. Hallucinációs tapasztalat ihlette, amelyben Munch „sikolyt hallott az egész természetben”. Egy pánikbeteg lényt ábrázol, ám mindezt úgy, hogy ez a lény/alak(zat) nem csak valami halálfejes maszkra emlékeztethet. Ebben a festményben a szorongás kozmikus szintre emelkedik, ami végső soron a halálról való elmélkedésekhez és az értelem ürességéhez kapcsolódik. „A sikoly” azonban mégsem valamiféle művészetterápiás, öngyógyító megoldásra példa. Munch a saját kórproblémáit úgy tudta kifejezni, hogy azokkal a korproblémákat is artikulálta. Nem önkörében forgott, hanem a mély és őszinte önkifejezésével – éppen ezzel – képes volt ábrázolni/megfesteni kora általános társadalmi közérzetét, mi több: a közérzületek látens, elfojtott, szinte kifejezhetetlen tartalmait is.
Népegészségügyi házak létrehozása és csecsemőgondozás a bácskai székely telepeken 1941−1944 között
Authors: Csibi Krisztina
Published: September 2024

A Bukovinában élő magyar lakosságot 1941 tavaszán a román és magyar kormány egyezménye értelmében kitelepítették egykori falvaikból, és Bácskában, az 1920 után idetelepített dobrovoljácok (szerb önkéntesek) lakóházait jelölték ki számukra új otthonul. A közel tizennégyezer fős, erős, összetartó, nemzetségekre tagolt közösségüket huszonnyolc, a nagyobb települések melletti tanyára osztották szét. A falvak közigazgatása, a családok, a nemzetségek összetartása, az egyházi élet és az egészségügyi ellátás megszervezése, az oktatás és a gazdálkodás elindítása a Magyar Királyi Országos Menekültügyi és Hazatelepítési Kormánybiztosság hatáskörébe tartozott. A dolgozatban a Bácskába hazatért mintegy 3300 bukovinai székely sokgyermekes család közegészségügyi ellátására, a higiéniás körülményeikre vonatkozó forrásokat leszűkítve, ezúttal a csecsemőgondozással összefüggő adatokat mutatom be. Levéltári és múzeumi források, a témával foglalkozó publikációk, illetve visszaemlékezések képezik alapját a környezet tisztántartására, a tisztálkodásra, a gyógyításra, a betegségmegelőzésre, a családtervezésre, és csecsemőgondozásra vonatkozó megállapításoknak.