Tüsterî Tefsirindeki Tasavvufî Yorumların Baklî ve Bursevî Tefsirleriyle Mukayeseli Bir Analizi
Authors: İnce Eyüp 
Published: September 2023

In this study, the comparison of the Ṣūfī interpretations in the Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿAẓīm of Sahl b. Abdullah al-al-Tustarī (d. 28a3/896) with the tafsīrs of Rûzbihān Baqlī’s (d. 606/1209) Arāʾis al-Bayān fī Haqāʾiq al-Qurʾān  and İsmail Hakkı Bursawī’s (d. 1137/1725) Rūh al-Bayān were discussed. The limitation of the study was made on the concepts that are the subject of Ṣūfī science in al-Tustarī's tafsīr. In this context, first of all, the verses in which al-Tustarī bases concepts such as Nur Muḥammadī, repentance, taqwa, tawakkul, gratitude, sincerity, īthār, muhabbat / love, Taqwa/awe, prayer, faqr, and sekr were identified. Later, al-Tustarī's Ṣūfī interpretations of these verses were analyzed in comparison with the Baqlī and Bursawī tafsīrs. Although there have been previous studies on these Ṣūfī tafsīrs, we haven't come across a study comparing these three tafsīrs together. This work is original in that it deals with these three Ṣūfī tafsīrs in a comparative manner for the first time. This research is important in terms of focusing on the Ṣūfī understandings of these Ṣūfī commentators, whose views are important in terms of Ṣūfī tafsīr, based on the Qurʾān. It is also thought that studying these tafsīrs written with a philosophical idea (Irfanī) will help to distinguish between consistent Ṣūfī interpretations and arbitrary Ṣūfī interpretations. The main purpose of this study is to determine which verses are associated with such concepts as Nūr Muḥammadī, repentance, piety, trust, gratitude, ikhlās, īthār conversation, awe, prayer, faqr, and sekr, which are important in the Science of Ṣūfīsm, in the Exegesis of al-Tustarī, to be able to reveal in which theoretical framework the verses determined depending on these concepts are interpreted in the eyes of al-Tustarī, Baqlī, and Bursawī, to be able to present with examples the original contributions of Ṣūfī commentators to understanding, explaining and interpreting the Qurʾān. In addition, it is to be able to see the three periods in the history of Ṣūfīsm, which are divided into zuhd, tasawwuf, and tariqats, through tafsīrs. Because those mufassirs are accepted as that al-Tustarī lived in the Zuhd period, Baklī lived in the Ṣūfīsm period, and Bursawī lived during the tariqats sects period. In this study, document analysis from qualitative research methods was used. First of all, the verses determined on the basis of concepts in al-Tustarī's commentary were first analyzed in themselves. Later, it was compared by looking at the Baqlī and Bursawī tafsīrs. As a result of the study, it was determined that al-Tustarī's Ṣūfī interpretations had a direct impact on the Baqlī and Bursawī tafsīrs. In particular, it has been observed that he had more influence on the Baqlī tafsīr. In addition, it was understood that the comments of the three authors reflected the Ṣūfī understandings of the period in which they lived. In addition, it has been found that there are no obvious differences in Ṣūfī interpretations of taḫalluqī (moral) concepts, but there are differences in issues related to taḥaqquqī/ accrual (knowledge, ingenuity) or the metaphysical dimension of Ṣūfīsm.