bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entre outras estratégias de controle e dominação: Estado, agricultura e colonização na Amazônia Oitocentista
Authors: Nunes Francivaldo Alves
Published: December 2016

Este artigo propõe analisar a relação entre os discursos construídos em torno da agricultura e colonização, caracterizados pela moralização da sociedade e a atuação do Estado imperial. Baseado em relatórios governamentais e de expedições, tentamos demonstrar como esses valores, associados à atividade agrícola, exigiram do Estado um desempenho não apenas de manutenção da ordem, mas como instituição promotora de políticas que elevassem os hábitos das populações na Amazônia. A compreensão é que não se tratava de um Estado que se afirmava apenas pelo uso das forças militares, mas que levasse a autoridade do governo ao interior das províncias do Pará e Amazonas, através de ações revestidas de um discurso de promoção da ordem, da modernidade e da civilização.
Formação do ambiente rural Sul-Mato-Grossense (1829-1892)
Authors: Brazil Maria do Carmo , Cancian Elaine
Published: December 2016

O presente artigo insere-se no campo da história agrária e visa a refletir sobre a organização da sociedade agropastoril nos campos sulinos de Mato Grosso. Na esteira dos caminhos percorridos por Linhares, através dos campos da história econômica e social, procuramos refletir a forma como os campos de localidades como Santana de Paranaíba, Rio Brilhante, Coxim, Corumbá, Campo Grande e, com destaque, Miranda, se tornaram, entre os anos de 1829 e 1892, importantes marcos da expansão da fronteira fundiária voltada para o centro-oeste brasileiro. Como fontes históricas, recorremos aos itinerários sertanistas oitocentistas, relatos memorialísticos e inventários post-mortem, entre outros documentos, reunidos nos arquivos locais e regionais. Tais materiais evidenciam a concentração fundiária, a exclusão social nela inscrita e dela decorrente, e a montagem de um aparato político repressivo e autoritário, procedimentos oligárquicos também inscritos no processo de ocupação das terras sul-mato-grossenses.
Assessing it competences of boards of directors: Perceptions of Malaysian CIOs
Authors: Mohamad Shafi , O’Leary Conor , Best Peter
Published: December 2016

Information technology (IT) systems are becoming increasingly indispensable for organisations in their daily operations. Organisations therefore invest considerable capital in IT assets to support the IT needs of employees and other stakeholders. As the contemporary global business environment becomes increasingly reliant on IT, the need for IT to be governed effectively and efficiently grows. Boards play a critical role in the governance of organisations, yet despite the continued call for improved IT governance, there has been little research into how boards actually govern IT. Current research indicates boards appear to struggle to understand the state of IT within their companies and/or they lack appropriate IT skills in discussing IT issues. This study therefore assesses IT competences of boards using a model developed from a review of IT competence frameworks in three domains, namely IT organisations/associations, professional accounting associations and academic research. The model is then tested, using Malaysia as a case study to evaluate the level of Board IT competence. Malaysia was chosen in light of the attention drawn to corporate governance in the 9th Malaysia Plan report. A survey instrument extracted from the competences model lists 33 current critical IT issues facing boards. It then asked chief information officers (CIOs) of companies, to evaluate the importance of each issue and the level of competence their board has to deal with them. The results appear to show that there is a difference in the ranking of importance of issues and the level of IT competence boards currently hold based on what CIOs consider appropriate within a company. The findings will contribute to the research base on board IT competences from a Malaysian perspective thus highlighting areas for further improvement. If successful, the model can then be used to evaluate the state of IT governance in other international domains
The impact of information communication technology (ICT) on economic growth: A case for South Africa
Authors: Khumalo Zitsile Zamantungwa , Mongale Itumeleng Pleasure
Published: December 2016

This paper investigates the impact of Information Communication Technology on economic growth in South Africa. The study intends to establish correlation in a developing country such as South Africa where the existence of such a relationship has not been distinctly determined. The model is estimated by using the cointegration and causality analysis and the interrelationships among the variables will be captured by employing the Johansen Cointegration method. The Generalized Impulse Response Function is also introduced to further explore the dynamic relationship among the variables. The results exhibit the incidence of a positive association between Information Communication Technology and economic growth
Time driven activity based budget in strategic decisions; implementation in a manufacturing company
Authors: Özyürek Hamide
Published: December 2016

This study was carried out in order to find out the applicability of time-driven activity based butgeting method at manufacturing companies in Turkey. The results obtained from the application of time driven activity based butgeting system can be summarized briefly as follows. Company makes the application through different processes and different products are sold to different customers. For this reason, resource consumption levels of the products vary. Be taken into account in determining the cost of time consumed in the product gives more accurate results. Down to the cost of the follow-up activities with the factory Time Driven Activity Based Costing it is possible to do. Just when you need to update the equation will be determined and put in place are sufficient
ANALISIS STRUKTUR DAN STRATEGI NAFKAH RUMAHTANGGA PETANI SEKITAR KAWASAN HUTAN KONSERVASI DI DESA CIPEUTEUY, KABUPATEN SUKABUMI
Authors: Fridayanti Novia , Dharmawan Arya Hadi
Published: December 2016

Penduduk Desa Cipeuteuy masih menggantungkan kehidupan mereka dari kegiatan pertanian. Lahan yang digunakan adalah Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak dan menggunakan prinsip pinjam pakai. Strategi nafkah warga yang tinggal di desa ini tidak hanya dari sektor pertanian, tapi juga sektor non pertanian. Terdapat berbagai cara penerapan struktur strategi penghidupan, mulai dari intensifikasi satu sektor, diversifikasi pendapatan atau pola nafkah ganda, rekayasa spasial atau migrasi. Namun, semua sektor  pendapatan tetap menggunakan modal. Kelima modal yaitu modal sumberdaya alam, modal sosial, modal manusia, modal finansial, dan modal fisik digunakan sebagai cara untuk mendukung keberlanjutan strategi nafkah mereka. Bahkan semakin lama, warga cenderung lebih bergantung pada sektor non petanian. Namun basis nafkah mereka adalah sebagai petani. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa telah terjadi transformasi sosial dimana nilai pertanian terhadap masyarakat telah menurun.
Kata kunci : rumahtangga petani, strategi nafkah, struktur agraria
HUBUNGAN ANTARA NELAYAN JEPARA DAN KARIMUNJAWA DALAM MEMANFAATKAN SUMBERDAYA PERIKANAN DI TAMAN NASIONAL KARIMUNJAWA
Authors: Leny Tampubolon Fevrina , Satria Arif
Published: December 2016

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) untuk mengetahui, mengidentifikasi, dan menganalisis pengelolaan
sumberdaya perikanan oleh Taman Nasional Karimunjawa dan Pemerintah Lokal Jepara; (2) untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis modal sosial menyambung antara nelayan di Karimunjawa dan Jepara; (3) untuk mengetahui, mengidentifikasi, dan menganalisis hubungan antara modal sosial dan pandangan konflik antara nelayan di Karimunjawa dan Jepara. Modal sosial menyambung terdiri dari tiga aspek,  jaringan diluar komunitas, keikutsertaan dan keanggotaan dalam kelompok diluar komunitas, dan tingkat kepercayaan terhadap komunitas luar. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara modal sosial menyambung dan pandangan konflik. Rendahnya modal sosial menyambung antara nelayan Karimunjawa dan Jepara menyebabkan tingginya pandangan konflik diantara nelayan.
Kata kunci : konflik, modal sosial menyambung, pengelolaan perikanan Taman Nasional
GERAKAN PAGUYUBAN PETANI VERSUS NEGARA DAN DAMPAKNYA PADA TINGKAT KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT DESA SUKAMULYA
Authors: Amalia Rahmah Dinna , Soetarto Endriatmo
Published: December 2016

Konflik agraria terjadi karena perbedaan kepentingan antara dua atau lebih aktor terhadap sumber agraria. Konflik agraria yang terjadi di Desa Sukamulya karena perselisihan antara masyarakat dan perwakilan negara, Lanud Atang Sandjaya TNI-AU. Lanud Atang Sandjaya mengklaim dan mengambil alih tanah masyarakat dan membuat masyarakat harus berjuang kembali melalui gerakan Paguyuban Petani. Tujuan dari gerakan ini adalah untuk mengembalikan hak atas tanah kepada masyarakat. Ada beberapa faktor yang dapat membuat Paguyuban Petani menjadi isu nasional seperti; kepemimpinan, kolektivisme, dan kegiatan Paguyuban Petani, serta dukungan dari orang lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji hubungan antara tingkat Paguyuban Petani yang sukses dan kesejahteraan masyarakat, baik di bidang ekonomi maupun sosial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Paguyuban Petani memiliki hubungan yang sangat lemah dengan kesejahteraan ekonomi masyarakat, tetapi memiliki hubungan yang cukup kuat dengan kesejahteraan sosial masyarakat di Desa Sukamulya.
STATUS PEKERJAAN PADA PETERNAKAN SAPI PERAH DAN KAITANNYA DENGAN TINGKAT KESEJAHTERAAN
Authors: Febriani Eva Masrivah , . Saharuddin
Published: December 2016

Sumber nafkah sebagian warga di Desa Situ Udik adalah berasal dari peternakan, hal tersebut didukung oleh adanya pengembangan kawasan usaha peternakan atau KUNAK KPS Bogor. Pada kawasan peternakan ini terdapat beragam status pekerjaan serta berbagai strategi nafkah yang rumah tangga pilih untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup. Status pekerjaan serta strategi nafkah yang dipilih rumah tangga pada peternakan sapi perah ini bisa jadi ada hubungannya dengan ketersediaannya livelihood asset peternak yang berupa modal alam, modal fisik, modal manusia, modal finansial dan modal sosial. Berbagai status pekerjaan itu pula tentunya akan memengaruhi taraf hidup atau tingkat kesejahteraan rumah tangganya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh status pekerjaan terhadap tingkat kesejahteraan rumah tangga pada peternakan sapi perah kawasan usaha peternakan KPS Bogor. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kuantitatif didukung dengan metode kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa status pekerjaan memengaruhi tingkat kesejahteraan rumah tangga dan  tingkat kesejahteraan rumah tangga pada peternakan sapi perah ini tergolong tinggi.   Kata kunci : status pekerjaan, strategi nafkah, livehood asset, tingkat kesejahteraan, rumah tangga.. 
PENGARUH STATUS EKONOMI KELUARGA TERHADAP MOTIF MENIKAH DINI DI PERDESAAN
Authors: . Wulandari , Sarwoprasodjo Sarwititi
Published: December 2016

Pernikahan di bawah umur bagi wanita berhubungan dengan kondisi fisik sbagai tingkatan kesiapan mental
yang belum mencapai kematangan termasuk pembentukan identitas diri dan identitas sosial sebagai remaja yang notabene dalam masa pencarian identitas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengindentifikasi motif dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi aspek pernikahan dini yang terjadi, serta menganalisis hubungan ke arah pembentukan identitas. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode survey. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan 30 responden. Pengujian pengaruh antara variabel faktor awal menikah terhadap motif awal menikah dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji regresi berganda sedangkan pembentukan identitas diuji melalui pendekatan deskripsi atau kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pernikahan dini terjadi dengan motif remaja untuk memenuhi keamanan, sosial, dan harga diri. Pembentukan identitas terkait pada masa remaja yang menikah dini adalah identitas pembentukan diri yang kuat dan identitas sosial formasi yang lemah.
Kata kunci: faktor-faktor pernikahan dini, motif pernikahan dini, pembentukan identitas, pernikahan dini
PERAN PAGUYUBAN DALAM PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN DESA
Authors: Ardinal Barlan Zessy , M. Kolopaking Lala
Published: December 2016

Balikpapan merupakan daerah dengan masyarakat yang multietnik. Konsekuensi dari masyarakat beragam tersebut tentunya berdampak pada cukup banyak muculnya paguyuban etnis. Masingmasing paguyuban etnis ini memiliki norma dan nilai yang mempengaruhi individu dalam berprilaku dan mengambil keputusan. Oleh sebab itu penting untuk melihat bagaimana pengaruh paguyuban etnis dalam mendorong terbentuknya pilarisasi masyarakat dan dampaknya pada pembangunan desa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Dengan demikian penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dekriptif dan eksplorasi. Kehadiran paguyuban pada dasarnya memperkuat identitas etnik dan mendorong terjadinya pilarisasi masyarakat. Selain itu paguyuban etnis juga mendorong pembangunan kawasan desa melalui elit-elit yang tergabung di paguyuban tersebut untuk kepentingan etnisnya dan menjadi sarana pengaman bagi masyarakat miskin yang tidak bisa menerima manfaat langsung dari pembangunan kawasan tersebut.
Keywords: Ethnic Community, Pillarization Society, Rural Development
PROSES MERANTAU PEREMPUAN MINANG DI JAKARTA
Authors: Oktavi Sinta , Sumarti Titik
Published: December 2016

T h e p u rpo ses o f th is  s tu d y we re  to  a n a lyze th e m ig ra tio n  p ro cess  o f M in a n g ’s wo m en .  T h e  stu d y sh o w th a t (1 ) sin ce 1 9 80  M ina ng ’s wo m en  ten d  to  m igra te in  d irect wa y to  th e d est in a tio n  a rea  wh i ch  th ey h a ve  ch o o se a nd  in  th e ca se o f M in an g ’s wo m en  in  Ja ka rta  it’s m ea n  th a t th ey wen t to  Ja ka rt a  d irectly,  wh il e  transit trend in the other destination area  seldom practiced. The trend of direct migration pattern to Jakarta also supported by the improvement of the transportations facilities. Along with it, women migration flo w  b e co m es m o re o p en  sin ce  th e M in a n g ’s wo m en  m ig ra tio n  wa s ch a in  m ig ra tio n  ba sed o n  kin sh ip  wh o  have migrate first (2)Although Minang women migrant have stay in destination area for 5 (five) years or more,  they keep coming back to their origin area even once in a while.   
K ey wo rd s: M in a n g ’s wo m en  m ig ra n ts,  pa tter n  an d  flo w o f m ig ra tion 
ANALISIS POTENSI KONFLIK PEMANFAATAN RUANG KAWASAN PESISIR: INTEGRASI RENCANA TATA RUANG DARAT DAN PERAIRAN PESISIR -- Analysis of Potential Spatial Conflicts at Coastal and Marine Zones : Integration of the Spatial Planning of Land and Coastal Water
Authors: . Mujio , Adrianto Luky
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
Analysis of potential conflict mapping that will be studied and discussed is part of one of the analyzes performed in the study of Spatial Planning Model Coastal Area With Spatial Approach Connectivity.The purpose of this study is the mapping of potential conflicts between activities in the coastal zone Bontang City’s. Identification of potential conflicts is very necessary in preparing coastal spatial planning. Management and control of the conflict will facilitate allocation of space by considering the interests of various parties
Keyword: conflic, zoning, spatial planning, zone, coastal

ABSTRAK
Analisis potensi konflik yang akan dikaji dan dibahas ini merupakan bagian dari salah satu analisis yang dilakukan dalam penelitian mengenai Model Perencanaan Tata Ruang Kawasan Pesisir dengan pendekatan keterkaitan spasial (Spatial Connectivity). Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah memetakan potensi konflik antar kegiatan di kawasan pesisir Kota Bontang.Identifikasi potensi konflik sangat diperlukan dalam menyusun recana tata ruang pesisii. Pengelolaan dan pengendalian konflik akan memudahkan pengambilan keputusan dalam memutuskan alokasi ruang yang mempertimbangkan kepentingan antar pihak.
Kata kunci: konflik, zonasi, tata ruang, kegiatan, Pesisir
“MAHKOTA UNTUK PEREMPUAN DI PROGRAM PEMBERDAYAAN”: STUDI POSISI PENTING PEREMPUAN PADA PROGRAM PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN DI KABUPATEN BANYUMAS
Authors: Indiahono Dwiyanto
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
Women in rural areas with low education and experience are feared to be problems on poverty alleviation programs. Research forwomen position in poverty alleviation programs based onPNPM-Mandiri Perdesaan (rural empowerment) thus becomes strategic. This research seeks to find out, how the role of women in poverty programs?; and how important is the position of women in poverty alleviation programs?. Qualitative research has been carried out by conducting in-depth interviews and focus group discussion (FGD) to the members of women’s groups, activists, actors and managers of PNPM-Mandiri Perdesaan in Banyumas Regency. Triangulation and interactive data analysis has been carried out strictly and carefully. The results showed that social capital of women groups has proven to be a major force to support the success of the poverty alleviation program.This makes the position of women is very important in this program.The important position is characterized by a strong social capital, unity of purpose, solidarity of groups, an excellent adaptation to change, and internalization of the program so that the objectives can be achieved.This study believes that the inclusion of women in poverty alleviation programs in rural areas is one of the best ways.
Keywords: development, empowerment, poverty, social capital, and women.

ABSTRAK
Perempuan di daerah pedesaan dengan pendidikan dan pengalaman yang rendah dikhawatirkan menjadi masalah pada program pengentasan kemiskinan. Penelitian tentang posisi penting perempuan dalam program pengentasan kemiskinan berbasis PNPM-Mandiri Perdesaan (pemberdayaan pedesaan) menjadi strategis. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan, bagaimanakah peran perempuan dalam program pengembangan pengentasan kemiskinan?; dan seberapa pentingkah posisi perempuan dalam program pengentasan kemiskinan?. Penelitian kualitatif telah dilakukan dengan melakukan wawancara mendalam dan focus group discussion (FGD) dengan anggota perempuan kelompok, aktivis, aktor dan manajer kegiatan PNPM-Mandiri Perdesaan di Kabupaten Banyumas. Triangulasi dan analisis data interaktif telah dilakukan secara ketat dan hati-hati. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modal sosial kelompok perempuan telah terbukti menjadi kekuatan utama yang mendukung keberhasilan program pengentasan kemiskinan. Hal ini membuat posisi perempuan sangat penting dalam program ini. Posisi penting ini ditandai dengan modal yang kuat sosial, kesatuan tujuan, solidaritas kelompok, adaptasi yang sangat baik untuk perubahan, serta internalisasi program sehingga tujuan dapat dicapai. Penelitian ini percaya bahwa melibatkan perempuan pedesaan dalam program pengentasan kemiskinan di akar rumput pedesaan adalah salah satu cara terbaik.
Kata kunci: pembangunan, pemberdayaan, kemiskinan, modal sosial, dan perempuan.
FERTILITAS DAN RELASI GENDER DI DESA NEGLASARI, KABUPATEN BOGOR
Authors: Ekowati Dian , Sri Ekawati , Rusli Said
Published: December 2016

Fertility is often seen on the figures and biological sides. Seeing fertility goes beyond both of these will be
useful to explore the wishes of each actor , how they relate to each other and to the community , and how the values and aspects of sociological and psychological that is attached in such activities. The study explored how the relationship between gender relations and fertility work ; especially because until now there is no generic theory agreed to this issue . This study used qualitative methods to explore and gain an understanding of how women give birth as related parties with the other actors . The framework of this study were made by utilizing research - research that has been done before , namely the concept of female autonomy ( Mason and Smith , 2003) and the concept of the determinant ( Bongaarts , 1978) . The concept is referred to aspects of women's autonomy is the power of women to make household economic decisions , the power of women to make decisions about family size , women freedom of movement , individual attitudes toward gender attitude of the community , and the movement of women in decision-making ( Mason and Smith , 2003 . Determinants required for connecting between socio - economic variables - culture with fertility because after all , there are facts that can not be denied that fertility is the result of biological activity . The results showed that although the values at the community level suggested to have the number of children that a lot , to a certain extent , the women in the study area can control the number of children they have. This control works through Desired fertility and the determinants , namely : the use of contraception and delay the age of marriage is influenced by women's autonomy and power as proposed by Mason and Smith ( 2003) . Women's autonomy and power in question is the power of women in economic decision-making , decision-making power of women in family size , their physical freedom of movement , the size of the gender attitudes at the community level , and their space in household decisionmaking . The conclusion of this study indicate that in the study area , the use of contraception is more influential in affecting fertility than the actual delay marriage age.
 Keywords : Gender Relationships, Fertility, Aspects of Women's Autonomy and Power , Desired Fertility, Actual Fertility, Reuters Determinants 
Study on the Preparation of Biscuit and Cake from Amaranthus and Sorghum
Authors: Karki Roman
Published: December 2016

Biscuit and cake are prepared from amaranthus and sorghum flour at the proportion of 20, 30, 40 and 50% with wheat flour. Sensory evaluation was carried out and there is no significant difference (p≤0.05) in texture in the different biscuit made from amaranthus flour. However there is significant difference in color, taste, smell and overall acceptance in amaranthus biscuits. In case of sorghum biscuit there is significant difference in texture and no significant difference  in color, taste, smell and overall acceptance. Similarly, there is significant difference in color, texture, smell, taste and overall acceptance between amaranthus cakes. However, there is significant difference in color of sorghum cake and the difference is insignificant in texture, taste, smell and overall acceptance.
Effect of Mixing Pumpkin Puree With Wheat Flour on Physical, Nutritional and Sensory Characteristics of Biscuit
Authors: Gurung Bina , Ojha Pravin , Subba Dilip
Published: December 2016

Physical, nutritional and sensory quality characteristics of semi sweet type biscuit made by mixing wheat flour and pumpkin puree were studied. Wheat flour and pumpkin puree were mixed in the ratio of 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30 and 60:40. Diameter and thickness of biscuit decreased and bulk density increased as the amount of pumpkin increased. The nutritional quality of biscuit was positively influenced by the incorporation of pumpkin. Pumpkin increased protein, crude fibre, calcium, carotene and vitamin C of biscuit. The sensory quality of biscuit made from the mixed flour containing 70 parts of wheat flour and 30 parts of pumpkin puree was best. The biscuit made fromthe flour of this composition contained 2.53% moisture, 9.7% protein, 12% fat, 0.51% crude fiber, 0.81% total ash, 76.98% carbohydrate, 13.01 mg/100g carotene, 1.04 mg/100g Vitamin C, 1.88 mg/100g iron, 35.6 mg/100g calcium and energy value of 454.72 Kcal/100g dry matter.
Characterisation of 11 Microsatellite DNA Markers from the Neotropic Cormorant (Phalacrocorax Brasilianus)
Authors: Rodrigues Pedro , Micael Joana , Hernandez Carlos , Verdugo Claudio
Published: December 2016

The advances of molecular techniques have increased the development of cost and time-effective libraries of molecular markers, such as microsatellites, which allow us to estimate genetic parameters in order to characterise species' population structures. The Neotropic Cormorant ( Phalacrocorax brasilianus) is one of the most abundant and widespread seabirds from the American continent, being present in a wide range of habitats, however further information about genetic markers in this species is scarce. A total of 26 pairs of primers were synthesised and 22 microsatellites were amplified correctly; 11 of them were polymorphic. The number of alleles per locus ranged from three to seven with a mean of 4.6 per locus. Six loci showed significant departure from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. The microsatellite markers identified and characterised in the present study are the first set developed for P. brasilianus and will contribute to the genetic map, quantitative traits mapping, and phylogenetic analysis of this species.
Pattern of skin bacteria in palmar arsenical keratosis
Authors: Khalil Nadia Bintha , Misbahuddin Mir , Sattar Abu Naser Ibne
Published: December 2016

The aim of the present study was to examine the involvement of skin bacteria in the pathogenesis of keratosis. Skin swab of five different sites (palm, dorsum of the hand, chest, axilla and alar crease) from arsenic unexposed volunteer (n = 15), arsenic exposed (n = 15) and arsenicosis patients (n= 20)were collected for bacterial culture. The skin of arsenic unexposed volunteers contained Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus spp. Chronic exposure to high concentration of arsenic through drinking water altered the skin bacterial pattern. The growth of Pseudomonas spp. increased in different sites of the skin. But in patient of arsenicosis, the skin of the palm shows the growth of Enterobacter spp.
Cooking for perfection
Authors: Berg Martin , Fors Vaike , Eriksson Jonnie
Published: December 2016

Abstract not available.
Architecture dominicaine et promotion de nouveaux saints : autour de la tombe de Clément IV à Santa Maria in Gradi (Viterbe)
Authors: Morvan Haude
Published: December 2016

Das Grabmal von Clemens IV. in Santa Maria in Gradi (Viterbo), die Dominikanerarchitektur und die Förderung der Verehrung neuer Heiliger.

Der Beitrag zielt auf eine neue Sichtweise des Grabmals von Papst Clemens IV. (gest. 1268), das ursprünglich in der Dominikanerkirche von Viterbo aufgestellt war. Sein Standort an der Nordwand derMittelapsis, auf der linken Seite des Hochaltars ist von mehreren Quellen des 18. Jhds. bezeugt. Diese unmittelbare Nähe zum Hochaltar verwundert, da die Vorschriften der Predigermönche den Zutritt von Laien in die ecclesia fratrum streng verboten. Wunder und Devotionalien zeugen jedoch von der Gegenwart der Gläubigen am Papstgrab. In Wirklichkeit wurden 1547 Hochaltar und Chorgestühl versetzt : Brüderchor und Hochaltar nahmen nun die drei östlichen Joche des Hauptschiffes und die Vierung ein ; die Hauptapsis blieb leer. Diese eigenwillige Anordnung wurde von den Dominikanern sicherlich im letzten Viertel des 13. Jhds. konzipiert, um die Verehrung des im Geruch der Heiligkeit gestorbenen Papstes zu begünstigen.
Les races de Timarcha punctella Latreille (Col. Chrysomelidae) au Maroc (suite). (Col. Chrysomelidae) au Maroc
Authors: Jolivet Pierre
Published: December 2016

The ecology, distribution and variation of Timarcha punctella Marseul are studied here. The type and the subspecies teluetica Escalera are redescribed. Two new mountainous subspecies are described ; a general key of the various forms is given, but has to be completed with new records. The larva of T. punctella is briefly described.
Geastrum melanocephalum (Czern), Stanek f. melanocephalum (=Trichaster melanocephalus) en France
Authors: Capellano André , Riousset Louis
Published: December 2016

Deuxième récolte en France de Geastrum melanocephalum (Czern.) Stanek f. melanocephalum au cours de l'automne 1965 dans une cédraie près de Bonnieux (Vaucluse). Description et distribution géographique en Europe.
RUNOFF TREND AND POTENTIALITY IN MELAKA TENGAH CATCHMENT OF MALAYSIA USING SCS-CN AND STATISTICAL TECHNIQUE
Authors: SHIRAZI Sharif Moniruzzaman , ADHAM MD Ibrahim , OTHMAN Faridah , ZARDARI Noorul Hasan , ISMAIL Zubaidah
Published: December 2016

This study is focused to identify the surface runoff trends and potentiality of the five watersheds transforming the discrete runoff pattern to smooth patterns. Runoff potentiality was analyzed by Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) technique. Considering Hydrologic Soil Group (HSG) and percentage of particular land use pattern, weighted cns of five watersheds were found between 82 and 85. Monthly surface runoff trends were investigated by statistical autocorrelation, Mann-Kendall, Sen slope and lowess methods. According to the Mann-Kendall method, no statistical significant monotonic trends were found for all the watersheds. Smoothing curve analysis reveals that the monthly mean runoff is 30 mm, 34 mm, 39 mm, 28 mm and 37 mm and the percentage of runoff is 23%, 25%, 31%, 25% and 26% for the watersheds 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. Degree of effect of several land use pattern with corresponding soil type was analyzed to assess the total runoff volume for contributing to the surface water resources. Result shows that 26% of the rainwater contributes to the surface runoff of Melaka Tengah catchment and provides the information for planning of surface water management and potentiality of groundwater recharge.
CLIMATE-ORIENTED ASSESSMENT OF MAIN STREET DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT IN BUDAPEST
Authors: CSETE Maria , BUZASI Attila
Published: December 2016

Main streets play pivotal role in urban areas in terms of economic, social, moreover environmental contexts. Such streets are generally situated in densely built-up areas, where the adverse effects of climate change, such as rising temperature and changing precipitation patterns occur emphatically. Increasing urban heat island effect or extreme amount of runoff water during severe storms and floods significantly decrease the adaptive capacity of a city, consequently its residents becoming more vulnerable. Therefore involving climate-oriented design principles into planning and construction phase contributes to reach more sustainable and climate-friendly open spaces what are strongly relevant especially in main streets which are designed for a great amount of people. Present study provides a criteria matrix for assessing the climate-friendly level of recently renewed main streets in Budapest. Due to this assessment tool the adaptation and mitigation performance of the selected projects can be evaluated. For identifying strengths and weaknesses of a given project, a rating scheme has been applied by selecting and using 42 indicators grouped into mitigation, adaptation and awareness raising categories. Thus planners, decision-makers and other stakeholders can easily define future opportunities and challenges, accordingly this study may contribute to take urban street design practices toward climate-friendliness by paying more attention on changing local weather patterns and related consequences.
BIOCHARS IN SOILS: TOWARDS THE REQUIRED LEVEL OF SCIENTIFIC UNDERSTANDING
Authors: TAMMEORG Priit , BASTOS Ana Catarina , JEFFERY Simon , REES Frédéric , KERN Jürgen , GRABER Ellen R. , VENTURA Maurizio , KIBBLEWHITE Mark , AMARO António , BUDAI Alice , CORDOVIL Cláudia M. d. S. , DOMENE Xavier , GARDI Ciro , GASCÓ Gabriel , HORÁK Ján , KAMMANN Claudia , KONDRLOVA Elena , LAIRD David , LOUREIRO Susana , MARTINS Martinho A. S. , PANZACCHI Pietro , PRASAD Munoo , PRODANA Marija , PUGA Aline Peregrina , RUYSSCHAERT Greet , SAS-PASZT Lidia , SILVA Flávio C. , TEIXEIRA Wenceslau Geraldes , TONON Giustino , DELLE VEDOVE Gemini , ZAVALLONI Costanza , GLASER Bruno , VERHEIJEN Frank G. A.
Published: December 2016

Key priorities in biochar research for future guidance of sustainable policy development have been identified by expert assessment within the COST Action TD1107. The current level of scientific understanding (LOSU) regarding the consequences of biochar application to soil were explored. Five broad thematic areas of biochar research were addressed: soil biodiversity and ecotoxicology, soil organic matter and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, soil physical properties, nutrient cycles and crop production, and soil remediation. The highest future research priorities regarding biochar’s effects in soils were: functional redundancy within soil microbial communities, bioavailability of biochar’s contaminants to soil biota, soil organic matter stability, GHG emissions, soil formation, soil hydrology, nutrient cycling due to microbial priming as well as altered rhizosphere ecology, and soil ph buffering capacity. Methodological and other constraints to achieve the required LOSU are discussed and options for efficient progress of biochar research and sustainable application to soil are presented.
NONLINEAR RELATIONSHIPS AND VOLATILITY SPILLOVERS AMONG HOUSE PRICES, INTEREST RATES AND STOCK MARKET PRICES
Authors: LIU Hsiang-Hsi , CHEN Sheng-Hung
Published: December 2016

This paper addresses the interaction between interest rates and the significant increases in both Taiwanese house and stock market prices seen in recent years. Changes in house prices impact banks’ nonperforming loans, whereas changes in interest rates directly influence the ability of individuals and businesses to pay loan interest, accentuating the co-movements between house and stock mar-ket prices. We investigate the nonlinear relations and volatility spillovers among house prices, interest rates and stock market prices using monthly data from January 1985 to March 2009 for Taiwan. We find that the Smooth Transition Vector Error Correction GARCH (STVEC-GARCH) model has the best forecasting ability based on goodness of fit tests while showing a nonlinear and co-integrated relation among the three variables. Specifically, house price leads stock market returns when the interest rate is led by either house price or stock market returns. The volatility of stock market returns has significant impacts on interest rates, implying that borrowers should be aware of stock market fluctuations and thus strengthen their risk management because of unexpected changes.
URBAN DESIGN IN THE BALTICS: STUDIES, RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
Authors: Alistratovaitė-Kurtinaitienė Inesa , Dijokienė Dalia
Published: December 2016

„Urban design in the Baltics: studies, research and practice" Journal of Architecture and Urbanism, 40(4), p. 259-261
CREATIVE CHARACTER OF RELIGION IN MAINTAINING NATIONAL IDENTITY AMONG MEMBERS OF BELARUSIAN ETHIC MINORITY IN POLAND IN DEMOCRATIC CONDITIONS
Authors: SADOWSKI Andrzej
Published: December 2016

The primary objective of this article is to shift a few hypotheses on the relationship between religion and nation. In the beginning of the article I present the interrelations between a religion and a nation being analyzed in the literature while trying to answer the question why nations need religion. Next, I present the role and importance of Orthodox Church in Poland, being the criterion of ethnicity affiliation for Belarusian national minority in Poland, particularly in the Podlaskie Voivodeship as the main area of residence for this community. In the nearest perspective, the Orthodox religion is likely to play a significant part in the process of forming Polish multi-ethnic and multinational creative society.
A DEEP PROPER MOTION CATALOG WITHIN THE SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY FOOTPRINT. II. THE WHITE DWARF LUMINOSITY FUNCTION
Authors: Munn Jeffrey A. , Harris Hugh C. , von Hippel Ted , Kilic Mukremin , Liebert James W. , Williams Kurtis A. , DeGennaro Steven , Jeffery Elizabeth , Dame Kyra , Gianninas A. , Brown Warren R.
Published: December 2016

A catalog of 8472 white dwarf (WD) candidates is presented, selected using reduced proper motions from the deep proper motion catalog of Munn et al. Candidates are selected in the magnitude range

over 980 square degrees, and

over an additional 1276 square degrees, within the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) imaging footprint. Distances, bolometric luminosities, and atmospheric compositions are derived by fitting SDSS ugriz photometry to pure hydrogen and helium model atmospheres (assuming surface gravities

). The disk white dwarf luminosity function (WDLF) is constructed using a sample of 2839 stars with

, with statistically significant numbers of stars cooler than the turnover in the luminosity function. The WDLF for the halo is also constructed, using a sample of 135 halo WDs with

. We find space densities of disk and halo WDs in the solar neighborhood of

and

, respectively. We resolve the bump in the disk WDLF due to the onset of fully convective envelopes in WDs, and see indications of it in the halo WDLF as well.
THE LOCAL TULLY–FISHER RELATION FOR DWARF GALAXIES
Authors: Karachentsev Igor D. , Kaisina Elena I. , Kashibadze (Nasonova) Olga G.
Published: December 2016

We study different incarnations of the Tully–Fisher (TF) relation for the Local Volume (LV) galaxies taken from Updated Nearby Galaxy Catalog. The UNGC sample contains 656 galaxies with W
50 H i-line-width estimates, mostly belonging to low-mass dwarfs. Of them, 296 objects have distances measured with accuracies better than 10%. For the sample of 331 LV galaxies having baryonic masses

, we obtain a relation

with an observed scatter of 0.38 dex. The largest factors affecting the scatter are observational errors in K-band magnitudes and W
50 line widths for the tiny dwarfs, as well as uncertainty of their inclinations. We find that accounting for the surface brightness of the LV galaxies or their gas fraction, specific star-formation rate, or isolation index does not essentially reduce the observed scatter on the baryonic TF diagram. We also notice that a sample of 71 dSph satellites of the Milky Way and M31 with a known stellar velocity dispersion σ* tends to follow nearly the same bTF relation, having slightly lower masses than that of late-type dwarfs.
KINETIC TOMOGRAPHY. I. A METHOD FOR MAPPING THE MILKY WAY’S INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM IN FOUR DIMENSIONS
Authors: Tchernyshyov Kirill , Peek J. E. G.
Published: December 2016

We have developed a method for deriving the distribution of the Milky Way’s interstellar medium as a function of longitude, latitude, distance, and line-of-sight velocity. This method takes as input maps of reddening as a function of longitude, latitude, distance, and maps of line emission as a function of longitude, latitude, and line-of-sight velocity. We have applied this method to data sets covering much of the Galactic plane. The output of this method correctly reproduces the line-of-sight velocities of high-mass star-forming regions with known distances from Reid et al. and qualitatively agrees with results from the Milky Way kinematics literature. These maps will be useful for measuring flows of gas around the Milky Way’s spiral arms and into and out of giant molecular clouds.
THE ROLE OF ICE COMPOSITIONS FOR SNOWLINES AND THE C/N/O RATIOS IN ACTIVE DISKS
Authors: Piso Ana-Maria A. , Pegues Jamila , Öberg Karin I.
Published: December 2016

The elemental compositions of planets define their chemistry, and could potentially be used as beacons for their formation location if the elemental gas and grain ratios of planet birth environments, i.e., protoplanetary disks, were well understood. In disks, the ratios of volatile elements, such as C/O and N/O, are regulated by the abundance of the main C, N, O carriers, their ice binding environment, and the presence of snowlines of major volatiles at different distances from the central star. We explore the effects of disk dynamical processes, molecular compositions and abundances, and ice compositions on the snowline locations of the main C, O, and N carriers, and the C/N/O ratios in gas and dust throughout the disk. The gas-phase N/O ratio enhancement in the outer disk (exterior to the H2O snowline) exceeds the C/O ratio enhancement for all reasonable volatile compositions. Ice compositions and disk dynamics individually change the snowline location of N2, the main nitrogen carrier, by a factor of 2–3, and when considered together the range of possible N2 snowline locations is ∼11–∼79 au in a standard disk model. Observations that anchor snowline locations at different stages of planet formation are therefore key to developing C/N/O ratios as a probe of planet formation zones.
INFERENCE OF HEATING PROPERTIES FROM “HOT” NON-FLARING PLASMAS IN ACTIVE REGION CORES. II. NANOFLARE TRAINS
Authors: Barnes W. T. , Cargill P. J. , Bradshaw S. J.
Published: December 2016

Despite its prediction over two decades ago, the detection of faint, high-temperature (“hot”) emission due to nanoflare heating in non-flaring active region cores has proved challenging. Using an efficient two-fluid hydrodynamic model, this paper investigates the properties of the emission expected from repeating nanoflares (a nanoflare train) of varying frequency as well as the separate heating of electrons and ions. If the emission measure distribution (EM(T)) peaks at T = T

m
, we find that EM(T

m
) is independent of details of the nanoflare train, and EM(T) above and below T

m
reflects different aspects of the heating. Below T

m
, the main influence is the relationship of the waiting time between successive nanoflares to the nanoflare energy. Above T

m
, power-law nanoflare distributions lead to an extensive plasma population not present in a mono-energetic train. Furthermore, in some cases, characteristic features are present in EM(T). Such details may be detectable given adequate spectral resolution and a good knowledge of the relevant atomic physics. In the absence of such resolution we propose some metrics that can be used to infer the presence of “hot” plasma.
THE FINAL SDSS HIGH-REDSHIFT QUASAR SAMPLE OF 52 QUASARS AT z > 5.7
Authors: Jiang Linhua , McGreer Ian D. , Fan Xiaohui , Strauss Michael A. , Bañados Eduardo , Becker Robert H. , Bian Fuyan , Farnsworth Kara , Shen Yue , Wang Feige , Wang Ran , Wang Shu , White Richard L. , Wu Jin , Wu Xue-Bing , Yang Jinyi , Yang Qian
Published: December 2016

We present the discovery of nine quasars at

identified in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) imaging data. This completes our survey of

quasars in the SDSS footprint. Our final sample consists of 52 quasars at

, including 29 quasars with

mag selected from 11,240 deg2 of the SDSS single-epoch imaging survey (the main survey), 10 quasars with

selected from 4223 deg2 of the SDSS overlap regions (regions with two or more imaging scans), and 13 quasars down to

mag from the 277 deg2 in Stripe 82. They span a wide luminosity range of

. This well-defined sample is used to derive the quasar luminosity function (QLF) at

. After combining our SDSS sample with two faint (

mag) quasars from the literature, we obtain the parameters for a double power-law fit to the QLF. The bright-end slope β of the QLF is well constrained to be

. Due to the small number of low-luminosity quasars, the faint-end slope α and the characteristic magnitude

are less well constrained, with

and

mag. The spatial density of luminous quasars, parametrized as

, drops rapidly from

to 6, with

. Based on our fitted QLF and assuming an intergalactic medium (IGM) clumping factor of C = 3, we find that the observed quasar population cannot provide enough photons to ionize the

IGM at ∼90% confidence. Quasars may still provide a significant fraction of the required photons, although much larger samples of faint quasars are needed for more stringent constraints on the quasar contribution to reionization.
STAR FORMATION IN INTERMEDIATE REDSHIFT 0.2 < z < 0.7 BRIGHTEST CLUSTER GALAXIES
Authors: Cooke Kevin C. , O’Dea Christopher P. , Baum Stefi A. , Tremblay Grant R. , Cox Isabella G. , Gladders Michael
Published: December 2016

We present a multi-wavelength photometric and spectroscopic study of 42 Brightest Cluster Galaxies (BCGs) in two samples of galaxy clusters chosen for a gravitational lensing study. The study’s initial sample combines 25 BCGs from the Cluster Lensing and Supernova Survey with Hubble sample and 37 BCGs from the Sloan Giant Arcs Survey with a total redshift range of

Using archival GALEX, Hubble
Space Telescope, Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer, Herschel, and Very Large Array data we determine the BCGs’ stellar mass, radio power, and star formation rates. The radio power is higher than expected if due to star formation, consistent with the BCGs being active galactic nucleus (AGN)-powered radio sources. This suggests that the AGN and star formation are both fueled by cold gas in the host galaxy. The specific star formation rate (sSFR) is low and constant with redshift. The mean sSFR is 9.42 × 10−12 yr−1, which corresponds to a mass doubling time of 105 billion years. These findings are consistent with models for hierarchical formation of BCGs, which suggest that star formation is no longer a significant channel for galaxy growth for z

1. Instead, stellar growth (of the order of a factor of at least two) during this period is expected to occur mainly via minor dry mergers.
STIRRED, NOT CLUMPED: EVOLUTION OF TEMPERATURE PROFILES IN THE OUTSKIRTS OF GALAXY CLUSTERS
Authors: Avestruz Camille , Nagai Daisuke , Lau Erwin T.
Published: December 2016

Recent statistical X-ray measurements of the intracluster medium (ICM) indicate that gas temperature profiles in the outskirts of galaxy clusters deviate from self-similar evolution. Using a mass-limited sample of galaxy clusters from cosmological hydrodynamical simulations, we show that the departure from self-similarity can be explained by non-thermal gas motions driven by mergers and accretion. Contrary to previous claims, gaseous substructures only play a minor role in the temperature evolution in cluster outskirts. A careful choice of halo overdensity definition in self-similar scaling mitigates these departures. Our work highlights the importance of non-thermal gas motions in ICM evolution and the use of galaxy clusters as cosmological probes.
Treatment of Single-Level Cervical Spondylosis: Cervical Disk Arthroplasty Versus Anterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion
Authors: Tan Wei , Zhou Chusong , Guo Dongying , Sun Jin , Cao Wei , Yang Liu-Zhu , Wu Mingxin
Published: December 2016

A meta-analysis was performed to compare cervical arthroplasty with anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion for single-level cervical spondylosis. A comprehensive search was conducted with PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from January 1, 2000, to April 30, 2015. Random-effects models were used for heterogeneous data. Fixed-effects models were used for pooled nonheterogeneous data. Mean difference or standard mean difference was used for continuous outcomes, and odds ratio, risk ratio, or risk difference was used for dichotomous outcomes. [Orthopedics.2017; 40(1):e23–e34.]
Medial Malleolar Fractures and Associated Deltoid Ligament Disruptions: Current Management Controversies
Authors: Kusnezov Nicholas A. , Eisenstein Emmanuel D. , Diab Nabih , Thabet Ahmed M. , Abdelgawad Amr
Published: December 2016

Operative fixation of medial malleolar fractures, whether isolated or in the setting of bi- or trimalleolar fractures, remains controversial. Increasingly, anatomic reduction and internal fixation is used to treat medial malleolar fractures to avoid long-term sequelae of symptomatic nonunion and posttraumatic osteoarthritis. However, outcomes have not been significantly different between operative and nonoperative cohorts. Repair of associated deltoid ligament disruption is not common because of reportedly poor outcomes. This review provides an overview of the literature on medial malleolar fracture fixation and current treatment options. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(2):e216–e222.]