bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toward Electronic Health Recording: Evaluation of Electronic Patient-reported Outcome Measures System for Remote Monitoring of Early Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: El Miedany Yasser , El Gaafary Maha , Youssef Sally , Bahlas Sami , Almedany Samah , Ahmed Ihab , Palmer Deborah
Published: September 2016

Objective.

To assess the use of electronic patient-reported outcome measures (ePROM) in standard clinical practice for early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) management, the ePROM ability to enhance clinical care, and how computing technology can improve the patients’ adherence to therapy.

Methods.

In a double-blinded randomized-controlled study, 211 patients with early RA diagnosed according to American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism criteria completed a PROM in paper format at their first clinic visit. Patients were then randomized to Group 1, which completed an ePROM questionnaire monthly, or Group 2, which continued the standard paper PROM format. Over a 12-month period, Group 1 patients were assessed every 3 months in the clinic, whereas Group 2 patients were assessed in the clinic initially monthly for 6 months, then every 3 months. The primary endpoint was the equivalence of outcomes [Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 (RAPID-3) and 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28)] in both groups. The secondary endpoint was the patients’ adherence to their medications.

Results.

There was no significant difference between disease activity measures as well as DAS28 and RAPID-3 scores at 3, 6, and 12 months of management, although there was a trend toward lower patient-reported tender joint count and functional disability score in the active group versus the control group. The patients’ adherence to antirheumatic therapy was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in the ePROM group, whereas stopping disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs for intolerability was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in the control group at 12 months of treatment.

Conclusion.

We found ePROM equivalent to standard paper PROM format. Further, it enabled the patients to personally monitor how they are doing regarding their disease activity and helped to optimize their adherence to their treatment.
Citrus juice fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum YIT 0132 alleviates symptoms of perennial allergic rhinitis in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Harima-Mizusawa N. , Kano M. , Nozaki D. , Nonaka C. , Miyazaki K. , Enomoto T.
Published: September 2016

This study aimed to examine whether citrus juice fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum YIT 0132 (LP0132), which was pasteurised after fermentation, could alleviate the symptoms of perennial allergic rhinitis in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial. Subjects with perennial allergic rhinitis consumed LP0132-fermented juice (n=17) or unfermented citrus juice (placebo; n=16) once a day for 8 weeks. During the pre-intervention and intervention periods, the subjects recorded nasal symptoms (number of sneezing attacks, number of nose-blowing incidents, and stuffy nose score). The primary endpoint, nasal symptoms score (NSS), was scored from 0 to 4 according to the ‘Practical Guideline for the Management of Allergic Rhinitis in Japan 2009’ using a combination of the three nasal symptom items. Blood samples were collected at pre-intervention and at 8 weeks after commencing the intervention. There were several significant improvements not only in the LP0132 group but also in the placebo group because of potential anti-allergic effects of citrus. Compared with the placebo group, the LP0132 group showed a significant reduction in the NSS and stuffy nose score during the intervention period. Also, the LP0132 group, but not the placebo group, showed significant attenuation of type 2 helper T cells (Th2 cells)/helper T cells, serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE), and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and showed significant augmentation of type 1 helper T cells (Th1 cells)/Th2 cells at 8 weeks of intervention compared with baseline. It is suggested that daily intake of fermented citrus juice containing heat-killed LP0132 has beneficial effects on symptoms of perennial allergic rhinitis, and these benefits may be associated with the attenuation of Th2 cells, total IgE, and ECP via the immunomodulating activities of LP0132.
The effect of probiotic treatment on elderly patients with distal radius fracture: a prospective double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised clinical trial
Authors: Lei M. , Hua L-M. , Wang D-W.
Published: September 2016

Probiotic treatment has been shown to improve bone formation, increase bone mass density and prevent bone loss. We aimed to assess the effect of probiotic treatment on functional recovery in elderly patients with a distal radius fracture. A total of 417 elderly patients with an acute distal radius fracture were enrolled in this double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. They were randomised to receive skimmed milk containing either a commercial probiotic (Lactobacillus casei Shirota) or placebo daily for a period of 6 months after the fracture. Treatment outcomes were the DASH (disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand) score, pain, complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) score, active range of motion and grip strength, all of which were measured on a monthly basis. Throughout the duration of the study, DASH score, pain, CRPS score, wrist flexion and grip strength of patients receiving probiotics exhibited a significantly faster pace of improvement than those on placebo, with treatment outcomes of patients receiving Lactobacillus casei Shirota at month 4 at comparable levels with those of patients receiving placebo at month 6. In elderly patients with a fracture of the distal radius, administration of the probiotic could greatly accelerating the healing process.
Experimental training by swimming or running: influence of body composition in aerobic performance in a ovariectomised model of obesity
Authors: Moraes R.C.M. , Sá N.A.R. , Neto V.M.S. , Martins M.C.C. , Portari G.V. , Ceccatto V.M. , Ferraz A.S.M.
Published: September 2016

The most commonly used aerobic training models for experimental research on animals are running and swimming exercises with moderate intensities and with fixed volumes. In models that mimic human menopause, the omission or simple contempt of body composition and fat redistribution can falsify results in terms of performance and training effects. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the effect of body composition on the performance of rats submitted to swimming and running training. We used 24 twelve-week old virgin, female Wistar rats and divided them into 4 groups: ovariectomised swimmers (OV-ST) and runners (OV-RT); and sham surgery swimmers (SH-ST) and runners (SH-RT). All animals performed 4 weeks of training in accordance with their respective group. After the experimental period, the ovariectomised animals exhibited an increased relative weight and fat mass compared to SH groups, but their gain of performance data were different according to the kind of training they received; the OV-ST group had a higher performance compared to the OV-RT and SH-RT groups. It is likely that the higher body weight gain of the OV-ST group animals is a consequence of training with lighter loads, resulting from the higher buoyancy in animals with greater adiposity, reducing the effect of exercise on the control of body composition and weight. Accordingly, we conclude that the swimming training, as well as the maximum stress tests in the water, do not seem to be the best training option in animals prone to obesity. We show that body composition influences the results of animal performance and workload in water. Thus, body composition must be considered and overload methods in water must be adjusted to achieve desired training results.
Effects of a 10 week footstrike transition in habitual rearfoot runners with patellofemoral pain
Authors: Sinclair J.K.
Published: September 2016

Patellofemoral pain is the most common pathology in runners. Mid/fore foot runners experience lower patellofemoral loading compared to those who use a rearfoot strike. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of a 10-week intervention allowing runners with patellofemoral pain to transition from a rearfoot strike pattern. Nine male runners with patellofemoral pain were given a graduated 10-week program which allowed them to convert their habitual rearfoot strike pattern. Lower extremity kinematics, tibial accelerations, loading rates, patellofemoral kinetics and Achilles tendon kinetics were collected. Self-reported knee and Achilles tendon pain were examined using the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score and numeric pain rating scale. Data were collected before and after the 10-week transition. Reductions were found in peak patellofemoral force/pressure (pre-transition = 4.76 body weight (BW) and 13.10 MPa and post-transition = 4.27 BW and 11.48 MPa). Improvements were shown for Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score subscales pain (pre-transition = 62.04 and post-transition = 78.41), sport (pre-transition = 53.61 and post-transition = 72.67), function and daily living (pre-transition = 67.68 and post-transition = 80.08). Increases were however found for peak Achilles tendon force (pre-transition = 5.07 BW and post-transition = 5.58 BW) and Achilles tendon pain (pre-transition = 1.06 and post-transition = 2.67). Transitioning from a rearfoot strike pattern reduces patellofemoral loading and pain symptoms. The key implication is that rearfoot strike runners with patellofemoral pain can reduce their pain symptoms by altering their footstrike pattern; although this may be at the expense of increased pain at the Achilles tendon.
Comparison between specific and nonspecific tests for evaluating the physical fitness of show jumping horses
Authors: Soares O.A.B. , Ferraz G.C. , Trigo P. , D'Angelis F.H.F. , Feringer Júnior W.H. , Nardi K.B. , Almeida F.Q. , Queiroz Neto A.
Published: September 2016

Show jumping is a century-old Olympic sport performed worldwide. However, despite the prominence of this sport, there is currently no satisfactory evaluation of the physical fitness of its horses. Our study compared two standardised exercise tests (specific and nonspecific for show jumpers) to determine the importance of a show jumping specific evaluation test. Sixteen horses were divided into two performance groups (high and low performance), and all horses performed standardised exercise tests without jumps (SET1) and with jumps (SET2). Heart rate, blood lactate, glucose, blood gas, haematological parameters, and plasma ions were measured before and after the tests, and performance indices were calculated. Both exercise tests (SET1 and SET2) resulted in changes in nearly all measured variables that were expected, based on other studies, for the duration and nature of the exercise performed. Differences between the two performance groups were observed for lactate and glucose, as well as some blood gas variables and performance indicators. These differences might have been the result of better cardiovascular and metabolic adaptation of the high performance group to the show jumping exercises. For the SET1, differences between groups were mainly noted for variables related to aerobic capacity, which suggests that this measurement is important for the evaluation of equine performance in show jumping. The SET2 was capable of detecting different horse performance levels that could not be detected by the SET1, which indicates that a specific test for show jumping (that includes jumping movements) could provide important information for the evaluation of show jumpers. Based on our findings, we recommend that the SET2 be included in future protocols for evaluating jumping horses.
Applied Nanotechnology and Nanoscience in Orthopedic Oncology
Authors: Savvidou Olga D. , Bolia Ioanna K. , Chloros George D. , Goumenos Stavros D. , Sakellariou Vasileios I. , Galanis Evanthia C. , Papagelopoulos Panayiotis J.
Published: September 2016

Nanomedicine is based on the fact that biological molecules behave similarly to nanomolecules, which have a size of less than 100 nm, and is now affecting most areas of orthopedics. In orthopedic oncology, most of the in vitro and in vivo studies have used osteosarcoma or Ewing sarcoma cell lineages. In this article, tumor imaging and treatment nanotechnology applications, including nanostructure delivery of chemotherapeutic agents, gene therapy, and the role of nano-selenium–coated implants, are outlined. Finally, the potential role of nanotechnology in addressing the challenges of drug and radiotherapy resistance is discussed. [Orthopedics.2016; 39(5):280–286.]
Intraocular Pressure in Premature Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Grover Sandeep , Zhou Zimei , Haji Shamim , Khaja Wassia , Sambhav Kumar , Stass-Isern Merrill , Chalam K.V.
Published: September 2016

Purpose:

To evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP) and central corneal thickness (CCT) in premature low birth weight (LBW) infants and their correlation with gestational age (GA).

Methods:

IOP and CCT were measured in premature LBW infants (defined as a birth weight ≤ 1,500 g or birth GA ≤ 30 weeks) admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at the University of Florida Division of Neonatology, UF Health Jacksonville.

Results:

Ninety eyes of 45 premature LBW infants with mean birth GA of 28.2 ± 2.3 weeks and mean birth weight of 1,131.5 ± 380.1 g were evaluated. The mean IOP and CCT were 29.0 ± 9.0 mm Hg and 660.0 ± 65.0 µm, respectively. There was no correlation between the IOP and CCT (
r
= 0.09;
P
= .38). There was a negative correlation between IOP and GA (
r
= −0.41) and between CCT and GA (
r
= −0.26).

Conclusions:

IOP is higher and CCT is thicker in premature infants compared to adults; however, there was no correlation between IOP and CCT.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2016;53(5):300–304.]
Screening for Frailty in Hospitalized Older Adults: Reliability and Feasibility of the Maastricht Frailty Screening Tool for Hospitalized Patients (MFST-HP)
Authors: Warnier Ron M.J. , van Rossum Erik , van Leendert Jannic A.A. , Pijls Noor A.T. , Mulder Wubbo J. , Schols Jos M.G.A. , Kempen Gertrudis I.J.M.
Published: September 2016

As nurses in hospitals are confronted with increasing numbers of older patients, their geriatric nursing skills and knowledge must be integrated into daily clinical practice. Early risk identification via screening tools may help improve geriatric care. To reduce the assessment burden of nurses, the Maastricht Frailty Screening Tool for Hospitalized Patients (MFST-HP) was developed. The aim of the current study was to explore aspects of reliability, validity, and feasibility of the MFST-HP. Intrarater reliability was assessed by measuring patients two times within 24 hours. Interrater reliability was assessed by having patients screened by two different nurses. Construct validity was studied by the associations between the MFST-HP scores and age and comorbidities. Intraclass correlation coefficients for both intra- and interrater reliability were good (>0.93). Older patients and those with more comorbidity showed higher scores on the MFST-HP compared to younger patients and those with less comorbidity. The MFST-HP shows promise as a reliable, valid, and feasible screening tool for frailty among hospitalized older adults.
[Res Gerontol Nurs. 2016; 9(5):243–251.]
Rhétorique de la distance : comment le poète négocie sa place auprès du patron au début de l’époque abbasside
Authors: Hoorelbeke Mathias
Published: September 2016

Cet article aborde la relation unissant le poète abbasside à son patron non du point de vue des interactions verbales ou de la circulation des richesses, mais par l’analyse des positions spatiales des deux parties, qui contribuent elles aussi à la négociation de la distance entre le client et son protecteur. Cette proxémique s’engage dès la porte de la demeure du patron car, même si ce dernier est alors invisible, il n’est pas totalement absent et organise le filtrage des entrées, garantissant ainsi l’accès aux poètes qui acceptent les règles du jeu. Une fois en présence du patron, des règles de préséance et de bienséance encadrent le comportement de l’aspirant, et l’expression de ses prétentions. Enfin, la séparation est elle aussi fortement régulée afin d’éviter qu’elle n’ouvre une crise. Tous ces modes de contrôle des déplacements garantissent un fonctionnement efficace et, le plus souvent, apaisé, du système patronal.
Moriscos en Antequera, 1569-1574
Authors: Pérez-García Rafael M.
Published: September 2016

La guerra de Granada de 1568-1570 provocó la esclavización y/o deportación de la mayor parte de la población morisca del Reino de Granada. Este trabajo contribuye a explicar la situación de ésta en el periodo inmediatamente posterior al conflicto, estudiando el caso de la ciudad de Antequera y a lo largo de la frontera del antiguo Reino de Granada.
Comparación entre los sistemas de refuerzo TRM y FRP en la prevención del colapso por pandeo de muros de fábrica
Authors: Bernat-Maso E. , Escrig C. , Gil L.
Published: September 2016

Materiales tipo Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) y Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM) han sido estudiados, comparados y aplicados para reforzar muros de fábrica de ladrillo. La comparación de su comportamiento frente a efectos de flexión de segundo orden se abordada en este artículo por primera vez. Datos experimentales y analíticos de investigaciones previas y nuevos datos analíticos para los casos de TRM son resumidos, ordenados y sistemáticamente comparados para analizar la respuesta estructural de los muros de fábrica de ladrillo reforzados. Los resultados muestran un comportamiento similar de los dos sistemas respecto su capacidad de carga y su respuesta en el plano. Los casos reforzados con TRM mostraron desplazamientos laterales superiores a los reforzados con FRP.
Organización y puesta en valor del fondo documental del Instituto Español de Entomología (archivo histórico del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas)
Authors: Osuna Arias María Cruz , Molina Nortes Juana , Martín Albaladejo Carolina
Published: September 2016

El presente artículo tiene el propósito de ofrecer una síntesis del trabajo de organización realizado sobre el fondo documental del extinto Instituto Español de Entomología (IEE) del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) cuyo tratamiento ha constituido el proyecto piloto para la aplicación del cuadro de clasificación normalizado para los Archivos Históricos del CSIC. Toda la labor ha sido llevada a cabo por investigadores y profesionales de la documentación, desde la perspectiva del proyecto de investigación donde se enmarca y con la intención de ofrecer el resultado al servicio de la comunidad científica que lo requiera. El proyecto ha incluido la mejora de la conservación física de la documentación y la descripción en el catálogo automatizado de la Red de Bibliotecas y Archivos del CSIC. El fondo forma parte del Archivo del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN) y su consulta puede realizarse a través del catálogo de Archivos del CSIC.
Gestión de fondos de archivos con datos enlazados y consultas federadas
Authors: Hidalgo-Delgado Yusniel , Senso José A. , Leiva-Mederos Amed , Hípola Pedro
Published: September 2016

En este trabajo se presentan las principales tecnologías de la Web Semántica que pueden ser de utilidad para la gestión de fondos archivísticos. Se examinan diversos proyectos de ámbito internacional y local que parten de descripciones normalizadas ISAD-G para generar ontologías, así como la disponibilidad de LIAM (Linked Archival Metadata), que facilita la transformación de datos de archivo a formato RDF (Resource Description Framework). Por otra parte, se analiza cómo la gestión de datos enlazados permite la interoperabilidad entre sistemas de información y la búsqueda facetada a partir de fondos documentales almacenados, descritos en OWL (Ontology Web Language), SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organization System) y Dublin Core. Los autores proponen la utilización de un CMS (Content Management System) que gestione fondos de archivo, compatible con SIOC (Semantically-Interlinked Online Communities) y OAI-PMH (Open Archives Initiative - Protocol Metadata Harvesting), para facilitar el intercambio y la recuperación de información. En concreto, se detallan las tecnologías que se han utilizado para desarrollar CoroArchivo, sistema que además se evalúa con un experimento que realiza la creación automática de ontologías a partir de descripciones ISAD-G almacenadas en DSpace. La herramienta desarrollada permite realizar consultas federadas sustentadas en las clases de exclusión e igualdad del vocabulario OWL.
Análisis bibliométrico de las tesis doctorales españolas indexadas con el descriptor “Sector de la educación” (1976/2014)
Authors: Moreno-Fernández Olga , Moreno-Crespo Pilar
Published: September 2016

El presente trabajo es un análisis de la estructura productiva de la investigación española catalogada con el descriptor “sector de la educación” a través de los datos extraídos de las tesis doctorales en España en el período 1976/2014. Para ello se ha aplicado el análisis bibliométrico, utilizando la base de datos bibliográfica TESEO para localizar las tesis doctorales. Los resultados describen la producción según quinquenios, universidades, directores, evaluadores, así como el idioma de los trabajos, el sexo de los doctorandos y la mención europea/internacional del título. El número total de tesis producidas en el período estudiado es de 485 títulos. La tendencia general indica un incremento constante, con un crecimiento exponencial en los últimos 15 años, con una alta presencia de trabajos relacionados con la Economía de la Educación en la primera mitad del período estudiado que pasa a inclinarse posteriormente por los trabajo en Ciencias de la Educación.
Impacto de la crisis económica en las bibliotecas universitarias españolas
Authors: Simón-Martín José , Arias-Coello Alicia , Simón-Blas Clara
Published: September 2016

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo examinar el impacto de la crisis financiera en las bibliotecas de las universidades públicas españolas. Para alcanzar este propósito se han analizado los datos de personal, los datos económicos, y los referidos a los servicios prestados por las 47 bibliotecas universitarias públicas durante el periodo 2008 a 2014. El análisis de los datos nos lleva a aseverar, a nivel global, las siguientes consideraciones: estas bibliotecas han experimentado una reducción en los efectivos de personal y en los gastos de adquisiciones de recursos de información, mientras que el volumen del préstamo domiciliario ha seguido una evolución similar al del número de estudiantes matriculados. Tanto el préstamo interbibliotecario como el número de días que permanecieron abiertas las bibliotecas durante estos años también han disminuido. El gasto en recursos electrónicos, realizado por las bibliotecas y los consorcios bibliotecarios, se ha incrementado en el periodo estudiado a expensas del gasto en monografías y en revistas en soporte papel. En este nuevo entorno económico, consideramos que los gestores bibliotecarios deben diseñar acciones orientadas al establecimiento de estrategias que aseguren una oferta de servicios eficientes y de calidad para los usuarios.
Vol retour sur la consultation relative au projet d’aéroport de Notre-Dame-des-Landes
Authors: Duval Eugénie
Published: September 2016

Le 26 juin dernier, les électeurs de la Loire-Atlantique se sont prononcés en faveur du projet de transfert de l’aéroport de Nantes-Atlantique sur la commune de Notre-Dame-des-Landes. Ce projet d’aéroport faisant l’objet d’une contestation importante et ancienne, la consultation visait à dépasser cette situation de « blocage ». Or, la désinvolture dont a fait preuve l’Exécutif dans son organisation n’est pas à la hauteur de l’enjeu : la démocratie, tant représentative que « participative », en sort affaiblie.
Role of Metabolism in the Immunobiology of Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Galgani Mario , De Rosa Veronica , La Cava Antonio , Matarese Giuseppe
Published: September 2016

Intracellular metabolism is central to cell activity and function. CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) that express the transcription factor FOXP3 play a pivotal role in the maintenance of immune tolerance to self. Recent studies showed that the metabolism and function of Tregs are influenced significantly by local environmental conditions and the availability of certain metabolites. It also was reported that defined metabolic programs associate with Treg differentiation, expression of FOXP3, and phenotype stabilization. This article reviews how metabolism modulates FOXP3 expression and Treg function, what environmental factors are involved, and how metabolic manipulation could alter Treg frequency and function in physiopathologic conditions.
Versatile Twin-block design for noncompliance class II correction
Authors: Chandorikar Harshal , Bhad Wasundhara A. , Doshi Umal Hiralal , Chavan Santosh
Published: September 2016

Compliance for removable Twin-block appliance wear is one of the most common problems for successful functional correction. This article describes a simple but versatile semi-fixed Twin-block design that ensures full-time wear of the appliance with provision of possible modifications in different clinical situations.
Machos violentos y peligrosos. La figura del maltratador en el cine almodovariano
Authors: Caballero Gálvez Antonio A. , Zurian Hernández Francisco A.
Published: September 2016

La violencia contra las mujeres por parte de los hombres es una forma de reafirmar la masculinidad e imponer su hegemonía a través de la fuerza. Planteamos el estudio de la violencia de género en el cine almodovariano, no a partir de la víctima, sus personajes femeninos, sino a través de la figura del maltratador. Metodología. Realizamos dos modelos analíticos complementarios, como son: 1) la semiótica visual desde la perspectiva de los estudios de género, 2) la cuantificación de la tipología de maltratos llevados a cabo por los personajes masculinos representados en el cine de Almodóvar, así como los factores que definen a estos arquetipos. Resultados y Conclusiones. Dentro de la amalgama de masculinidades representadas en el cine de Almodóvar existen diferentes tipos de personajes masculinos que agreden a la mujer a través del acoso, la violación y el asesinato.
First-year medical undergraduate students opinion about the use of radiology in gross anatomy course
Authors: Silva V. , Vilela D. , Gonçalves F. , Regacini R.
Published: September 2016

Introduction: Although the importance of anatomy teaching in the undergraduate medical curriculum is incontestable, the lack of knowledge retention and clinical application are the greatest challenges for anatomy teachers. New teaching methodologies are replacing cadaver' dissection in many schools around the world and the usage of radiologic images can become a valuable resource for student's learning the human body structures. The aim of this article was to analyze the perception of first-year undergraduate medical students in the usage of radiology in gross human anatomy course. Materials and methods: One hundred students answered a 30 questions survey using a 5-point Likert scale about the usage of radiologic images in the human anatomy classes. Results: Most subjects have shown desire and the availability to learn human anatomy using images. After the usage of radiologic images there has been an increase on the subjective aspects of the human body such as admiration and respect, an improvement in the correlation of human anatomy with clinical aspects and in the three dimensional perception of the human body anatomic structures. Conclusions: Most of the research participants evaluated the usage of radiologic images as positive and beneicial for the teaching and learning human anatomy as it increases the interest for anatomy and it can favor learning and clinical practice performance. Results shows that according to students' opinion the usage of radiology can be an excellent complement in human anatomy learning and can induce us to think it can prepare and train more competent doctors in diagnostic imaging.
A study of the clinico-anatomical variations in the shape and size of gallbladder
Authors: Nadeem G.
Published: September 2016

Introduction: The structure and size of gallbladder, it's normal and a variation are forming an interesting field of study, and has gained importance Anatomically and Surgically. The gallbladder surgeries have drawn the attraction of surgeons because of lot of interesting and numerous variations present in them. Materials and Methods: The study was carried on 100 gallbladder from cadavers of all age groups. Results: In our study, the length of the gallbladder ranged from 4.5-11.6 cm, breadth from 2.7-5.2 cm. The shapes of the gallbladder varied from pear (82.85%), Hartman's pouch (7.14%), cylindrical (2.86%), flask shaped (2.86%), hour glass (1.43%), bilobed (1.43%) and irregular (1.43%). Some gallbladders with mesentery (1.30%) and horizontally placed (4.30%) gallbladders were also found. Conclusion: The indings showed various anatomical variations pertaining to shape and position, which are to be taken into account for radiological study, Investigative procedures, surgical interventions, clinical implications and comparative anatomy.
Localization of sterodogenic acute regulartory (StAR) protein in testis of Thai red jungle fowl (Gallus gallus gallus)
Authors: Iamsaard S. , Chaichun A. , Sukhorum W.
Published: September 2016

Introduction: Thai red jungle fowl (Gallus gallus gallus) has been focusing on genetic profiles besides phenotypical features. The husbandry of this species is still limited. Basic understanding of its reproductive systems may be useful for breeding applications. Additionally, the morphology of testes and epididymis of Thai red jungle fowl has never been elucidated. Material and Methods: This study has examined the gross structure and histology of those organs of male Thai Gallus gallus gallus at 24th weeks (age and sexual maturity). Moreover, the localization of sterodogenic acute regulartory (StAR) protein in the testis was also performed by immunohistochemistry. Results: The results showed that the mature testes were oval shape with 1.56 ± 0.584 cm. in length and 1.20 ± 0.067 cm. in width, respectively. General histology of testes and epididymis was similar to those of maturely domestical birds. Expectedly, the StAR protein was first localized in the leydig cells of Thai red jungle fowl. Conclusion: These findings are fundamental data that may be applied to the breeding process.
Saharan dust contribution to the Caribbean summertime boundary layer –
a lidar study during SALTRACE
Authors: Groß Silke , Gasteiger Josef , Freudenthaler Volker , Müller Thomas , Sauer Daniel , Toledano Carlos , Ansmann Albert
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Dual-wavelength lidar measurements with the small lidar system POLIS of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München were performed during the SALTRACE experiment at Barbados in June and July 2013. Based on high-accuracy measurements of the linear depolarization ratio down to about 200 m above ground level, the dust volume fraction and the dust mass concentration within the convective marine boundary layer can be derived. Additional information from radiosonde launches at the ground-based measurement site provide independent information on the convective marine boundary layer height and the meteorological situation within the convective marine boundary layer. We investigate the lidar-derived optical properties, the lidar ratio and the particle linear depolarization ratio at 355 and 532 nm and find mean values of 0.04 (SD 0.03) and 0.05 (SD 0.04) at 355 and 532 nm, respectively, for the particle linear depolarization ratio, and (26 ± 5) sr for the lidar ratio at 355 and 532 nm. For the concentration of dust in the convective marine boundary layer we find that most values were between 20 and 50 µgm−3. On most days the dust contribution to total aerosol volume was about 30–40 %. Comparing the dust contribution to the column-integrated sun-photometer measurements we see a correlation between high dust contribution, high total aerosol optical depth and a low Angström exponent, and of low dust contribution with low total aerosol optical depth.
Investigation of a potential HCHO measurement artifact from ISOPOOH
Authors: St. Clair Jason M. , Rivera-Rios Jean C. , Crounse John D. , Praske Eric , Kim Michelle J. , Wolfe Glenn M. , Keutsch Frank N. , Wennberg Paul O. , Hanisco Thomas F.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Recent laboratory experiments have shown that a first generation isoprene oxidation product, ISOPOOH, can decompose to methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) and methacrolein (MACR) on instrument surfaces, leading to overestimates of MVK and MACR concentrations. Formaldehyde (HCHO) was suggested as a decomposition co-product, raising concern that in situ HCHO measurements may also be affected by an ISOPOOH interference. The HCHO measurement artifact from ISOPOOH for the NASA In Situ Airborne Formaldehyde instrument (ISAF) was investigated for the two major ISOPOOH isomers, (1,2)-ISOPOOH and (4,3)-ISOPOOH, under dry and humid conditions. The dry conversion of ISOPOOH to HCHO was 3 ± 2 % and 6 ± 4 % for (1,2)-ISOPOOH and (4,3)-ISOPOOH, respectively. Under humid (relative humidity of 40–60 %) conditions, conversion to HCHO was 6 ± 4 % for (1,2)-ISOPOOH and 10 ± 5 % for (4,3)-ISOPOOH. The measurement artifact caused by conversion of ISOPOOH to HCHO in the ISAF instrument was estimated for data obtained on the 6 September 2013 flight of the Studies of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC4RS) campaign. Prompt ISOPOOH conversion to HCHO was the source of < 4 % of the observed HCHO, including in the high-isoprene boundary layer. Time-delayed conversion, where previous exposure to ISOPOOH affects measured HCHO later in the flight, was conservatively estimated to be < 10 % of observed HCHO, and is significant only when high ISOPOOH sampling periods immediately precede periods of low HCHO.
Comparison of the aerosol optical properties and size distribution retrieved
by sun photometer with in situ measurements at midlatitude
Authors: Chauvigné Aurélien , Sellegri Karine , Hervo Maxime , Montoux Nadège , Freville Patrick , Goloub Philippe
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Aerosols influence the Earth radiative budget through scattering and absorption of solar radiation. Several methods are used to investigate aerosol properties and thus quantify their direct and indirect impacts on climate. At the Puy de Dôme station, continuous high-altitude near-surface in situ measurements and low-altitude ground-based remote sensing atmospheric column measurements give the opportunity to compare the aerosol extinction measured with both methods over a 1-year period. To our knowledge, it is the first time that such a comparison is realised with continuous measurements of a high-altitude site during a long-term period. This comparison addresses to which extent near-surface in situ measurements are representative of the whole atmospheric column, the aerosol mixing layer (ML) or the free troposphere (FT). In particular, the impact of multi-aerosol layers events detected using lidar backscatter profiles is analysed. A good correlation between in situ aerosol extinction coefficient and aerosol optical depth (AOD) measured by the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sun photometer is observed with a correlation coefficient around 0.80, indicating that the in situ measurements station is representative of the overall atmospheric column. After filtering for multilayer cases and correcting for each layer optical contribution (ML and FT), the atmospheric structure seems to be the main factor influencing the comparison between the two measurement techniques. When the site lies in the ML, the in situ extinction represents 45 % of the sun photometer ML extinction while when the site lies within the FT, the in situ extinction is more than 2 times higher than the FT sun photometer extinction. Moreover, the assumption of a decreasing linear vertical aerosol profile in the whole atmosphere has been tested, significantly improving the instrumental agreement. Remote sensing retrievals of the aerosol particle size distributions (PSDs) from the sun photometer observations are then compared to the near-surface in situ measurements, at dry and at ambient relative humidities. When in situ measurements are considered at dry state, the in situ fine mode diameters are 44 % higher than the sun-photometer-retrieved diameters and in situ volume concentrations are 20 % lower than those of the sun-photometer-retrieved fine mode concentration. Using a parameterised hygroscopic growth factor applied to aerosol diameters, the difference between in situ and retrieved diameters grows larger. Coarse mode in situ diameters and concentrations show a good correlation with retrieved PSDs from remote sensing.
On determining fluxgate magnetometer spin axis offsets from mirror mode observations
Authors: Plaschke Ferdinand , Narita Yasuhito
Published: September 2016

Abstract. In-flight calibration of fluxgate magnetometers that are mounted on spacecraft involves finding their outputs in vanishing ambient fields, the so-called magnetometer offsets. If the spacecraft is spin-stabilized, then the spin plane components of these offsets can be relatively easily determined, as they modify the spin tone content in the de-spun magnetic field data. The spin axis offset, however, is more difficult to determine. Therefore, usually Alfvénic fluctuations in the solar wind are used. We propose a novel method to determine the spin axis offset: the mirror mode method. The method is based on the assumption that mirror mode fluctuations are nearly compressible such that the maximum variance direction is aligned to the mean magnetic field. Mirror mode fluctuations are typically found in the Earth's magnetosheath region. We introduce the method and provide a first estimate of its accuracy based on magnetosheath observations by the THEMIS-C spacecraft. We find that 20 h of magnetosheath measurements may already be sufficient to obtain high-accuracy spin axis offsets with uncertainties on the order of a few tenths of a nanotesla, if offset stability can be assumed.
Seasonality in planktic foraminifera of the central California coastal
upwelling region
Authors: Davis Catherine V. , Hill Tessa M. , Russell Ann D. , Gaylord Brian , Jahncke Jaime
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The close association between planktic foraminiferal assemblages and local hydrography make foraminifera invaluable proxies for environmental conditions. Modern foraminiferal seasonality is important for interpreting fossil distributions and shell geochemistry as paleoclimate proxies. Understanding this seasonality in an active upwelling area is also critical for anticipating which species may be vulnerable to future changes in upwelling intensity and ocean acidification. Two years (2012–2014) of plankton tows, along with conductivity–temperature–depth profiles and carbonate chemistry measurements taken along the north-central California shelf, offer new insights into the seasonal dynamics of planktic foraminifera in a seasonal coastal upwelling regime. This study finds an upwelling affinity for Neogloboquadrina pachyderma as well as a seasonal and upwelling associated alternation between dominance of N. pachyderma and Neogloboquadrina incompta, consistent with previous observations. Globigerina bulloides, however, shows a strong affinity for non-upwelled waters, in contrast to findings in Southern California where the species is often associated with upwelling. We also find an apparent lunar periodicity in the abundances of all species and document the presence of foraminifera even at very low saturation states of calcite.
Relating historical vegetation cover to aridity index patterns in the
greater desert region of northern China: Implications to planned and
existing restoration projects
Authors: Shao Yanying , Zhang Yuqing , Wu Xiuqin , Bourque Charles P.-A. , Zhang Jutao , Qin Shugao , Wu Bin
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Desert regions of northern China have always been the most severely affected by climate change, especially in terms of their ecological integrity and social sustainable development. Assessments of dryness in both space and time are central to the development of adaptation strategies to climate change. Earlier studies have identified long-term patterns of dryness in northern China, but these studies have usually been of limited value to land-management planning as they ignore local-to-regional-scale climate features. To identify potential cause-and-effect relationship between aridity and vegetation cover, changes in aridity index (AI) and vegetation cover were tracked with the assistance of a chronological series of surfaces based on the mapping of AI and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and convergent cross mapping. By tracking regional-scale variation in precipitation, air temperature, AI from 1961–2013 (53 years), and vegetation cover dynamics from 1982–2013 (32 years), we show that precipitation increased in approximately 70 % of the greater desert region, including in the Ulanbuh, Tengger, Badain Jaran, Qaidam, Kumtag, Gurbantunggut, and Taklimakan Deserts. This increase was statistically strongest for the Gurbantunggut (p
Transient Dynamics of Terrestrial Carbon Storage: Mathematical foundation and Numeric Examples
Authors: Luo Yiqi , Shi Zheng , Lu Xingjie , Xia Jianyang , Liang Junyi , Wang Ying , Smith Matthew J. , Jiang Lifen , Ahlström Anders , Chen Benito , Hararuk Oleksandra , Hastings Alan , Hoffman Forrest , Medlyn Belinda , Niu Shuli , Rasmussen Martin , Todd-Brown Katherine , Wang Ying-Ping
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Terrestrial ecosystems absorb roughly 30 % of anthropogenic CO2 emissions since preindustrial era, but it is unclear whether this carbon (C) sink will endure into the future. Despite extensive modeling, experimental, and observational studies, what fundamentally determines transient dynamics of terrestrial C storage under climate change is still not very clear. Here we develop a new framework for understanding transient dynamics of terrestrial C storage through mathematical analysis and numerical experiments. Our analysis indicates that the ultimate force driving ecosystem C storage change is the C storage capacity, which is jointly determined by ecosystem C input (e.g., net primary production, NPP) and residence time. Since both C input and residence time vary with time, the C storage capacity is time-dependent and acts as a moving attractor that actual C storage chases. The rate of change in C storage is proportional to the C storage potential, the difference between the current storage and the storage capacity. The C storage capacity represents instantaneous responses of the land C cycle to external forcing, whereas the C storage potential represents the internal capability of the land C cycle to influence the C change trajectory in the next time step. The influence happens through redistribution of net C pool changes in a network of pools with different residence times. Moreover, this and our other studies have demonstrated that one matrix equation can exactly replicate simulations of most land C cycle models (i.e., physical emulators). As a result, simulation outputs of those models can be placed into a three-dimensional (3D) parameter space to measure their differences. The latter can be decomposed into traceable components to track the origins of model uncertainty. Moreover, the emulators make data assimilation computationally feasible so that both C flux- and pool-related datasets can be used to better constrain model predictions of land C sequestration. We also propose that the C storage potential be the targeted variable for research, market trading, and government negotiation for C credits.
Enhanced representation of soil NO emissions in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model version 5.0.2
Authors: Rasool Quazi Z. , Zhang Rui , Lash Benjamin , Cohan Daniel S. , Cooter Ellen J. , Bash Jesse O. , Lamsal Lok N.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Modeling of soil nitric oxide (NO) emissions is highly uncertain and may misrepresent its spatial and temporal distribution. This study builds upon a recently introduced parameterization to improve the timing and spatial distribution of soil NO emission estimates in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. The parameterization considers soil parameters, meteorology, land use, and mineral nitrogen (N) availability to estimate NO emissions. We incorporate daily year-specific fertilizer data from the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) agricultural model to replace the annual generic data of the initial parameterization, and use a 12 km resolution soil biome map over the continental USA. CMAQ modeling for July 2011 shows slight differences in model performance in simulating fine particulate matter and ozone from Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) and Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET) sites and NO2 columns from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite retrievals. We also simulate how the change in soil NO emissions scheme affects the expected O3 response to projected emissions reductions.
Multiple remote sensing assessment of the catastrophic collapse in Langtang Valley induced by the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake
Authors: Nagai Hiroto , Watanabe Manabu , Tomii Naoya , Tadono Takeo , Suzuki Shinichi
Published: September 2016

Abstract. We demonstrated an assessment of the sediments caused by a catastrophic avalanche, induced by the main shock of the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake in Nepal. Calculation of decreasing coherence and visual interpretation of amplitude images by means of the Phased Array-type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar-2 (PALSAR-2) have a high potential for delineating the hazardous zone. These delineated outlines area highly consistent with that from a high-resolution optical image of WorldView-3 (WV-3). The delineated sediment collapse areas were estimated as 0.63 km2 (PALSAR-2 coherence calculation), 0.73 km2 (PALSAR-2 visual interpretation), and 1.09 km2 (WV-3), respectively. In the WV-3 image, surface features were classified into 15 segments, with the flowing, scattering, and other characteristics implying different physical properties; the different features suggest sequential collapse from multiple sources. By means of satellite-derived pre- and post-event digital surface models, differences in the surface altitudes of the collapse events estimated the total volume of the sediments as 6229.1 x 103 m3, with an error possibility between 5363.3 x 103 to 7314.8 x 103 m3, most of which are distributed along the river bed and the water stream. Further altitude measurements after ice/snow melting would reveal a contained volume of melting ice and snow, which will contribute to numerical avalanche simulation and source considerations.
Localized coherence of freak waves
Authors: Latifah Arnida L. , Groesen E. van
Published: September 2016

Abstract. This paper investigates in detail a possible mechanism of energy convergence leading to freak waves. We give examples of a freak wave as a (weak) pseudo-maximal wave to illustrate the importance of phase coherence. Given a time signal at a certain position, we identify parts of the time signal with successive high amplitudes, so-called group events, that may lead to a freak wave using wavelet transform analysis. The local coherence of the critical group event is measured by its time spreading of the most energetic waves. Four types of signals have been investigated: dispersive focusing, normal sea condition, thunderstorm condition and an experimental irregular wave. In all cases presented in this paper, it is shown that a high correlation exists between the local coherence and the appearance of a freak wave. This makes it plausible that freak waves can be developed by local interactions of waves in a wave group and that the effect of waves that are not in the immediate vicinity is minimal. This indicates that a local coherence mechanism within a wave group can be one mechanism that leads to the appearance of a freak wave.