bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Silibinin induces immunogenic cell death in cancer cells and enhances the induced immunogenicity by chemotherapy
Authors: Jafari Sevda , Heydarian Saba , Lai Raymond , Mehdizadeh Aghdam Elnaz , Molavi Ommoleila
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Silibinin is a natural flavonoid compound known to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Despite silibinin's safety and efficacy as an anticancer drug, its effects on inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) are largely unknown. Herein, we have evaluated the stimulating effects of silibinin on ICD in cancer cells treated with silibinin alone or in combination with chemotherapy. Methods: The anticancer effect of silibinin, alone or in combination with doxorubicin or oxaliplatin (OXP), was assessed using the MTT assay. Compusyn software was used to analyze the combination therapy data. Western blotting was conducted to examine the level of STAT3 activity. Flow cytometry was used to analyze calreticulin (CRT) and apoptosis. The heat shock protein (HSP70), high mobility group box protein1 (HMGB1), and IL-12 levels were assessed by ELISA. Results: Compared to the negative control groups, silibinin induced ICD in CT26 and B16F10 cells and significantly enhanced the induction of this type of cell death by doxorubicin, and these changes were allied with substantial increases in the level of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) including CRT, HSP70, and HMGB1. Furthermore, conditioned media from cancer cells exposed to silibinin and doxorubicin was found to stimulate IL-12 secretion in dendritic cells (DCs), suggesting the link of this treatment with the induction of Th1 response. Silibinin did not augment the ICD response induced by OXP. Conclusion: Our findings showed that silibinin can induce ICD and it potentiates the induction of this type of cell death induced by chemotherapy in cancer cells.
Apoptotic effects of human amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells conditioned medium on human MCF-7 breast cancer cell line
Authors: Pashaei-Asl Roghiyeh , Pashaiasl Maryam , Ebrahimie Esmaeil , Lale Ataei Maryam , Paknejad Maliheh
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Breast cancer, as the most common malignancy among women, is shown to have a high mortality rate and resistance to chemotherapy. Research has shown the possible inhibitory role of Mesenchymal stem cells in curing cancer. Thus, the present work used human amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium (hAFMSCs-CM) as an apoptotic reagent on the human MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Methods: Conditioned medium (CM) was prepared from hAFMSCs. After treating MCF-7 cells with CM, a number of analytical procedures (MTT, real-time PCR, western blot, and flow cytometry) were recruited to evaluate the cell viability, Bax and Bcl-2 gene expression, P53 protein expression, and apoptosis, respectively. Human fibroblast cells (Hu02) were used as the negative control. In addition, an integrated approach to meta-analysis was performed. Results: The MCF-7 cells’ viability was decreased significantly after 24 hours (P < 0.0001) and 72 hours (P < 0.05) of treatment. Compared with the control cells, Bax gene’s mRNA expression increased and Bcl-2’s mRNA expression decreased considerably after treating for 24 hours with 80% hAFMSCs-CM (P = 0.0012, P < 0.0001, respectively); an increasing pattern in P53 protein expression could also be observed. The flow cytometry analysis indicated apoptosis. Results from literature mining and the integrated meta-analysis showed that hAFMSCs-CM is able to activate a molecular network where Bcl2 downregulation stands in harmony with the upregulation of P53, EIF5A, DDB2, and Bax, leading to the activation of apoptosis. Conclusion: Our finding demonstrated that hAFMSCs-CM presents apoptotic effect on MCF-7 cells; therefore, the application of hAFMSCs-CM, as a therapeutic reagent, can suppress breast cancer cells’ viabilities and induce apoptosis.
Management of iatrogenic chloroform mucosal burn in the palate: a case report
Authors: Taghavi Zenouz Ali , Katebi Katayoun , Ghavimi Mohammad Ali , Javadzadeh Farshad , Hosseinpour Sarmadi Maryam
Published: May 2022

Chloroform is used widely in endodontic treatments for solving gutta-percha points, but it can have destructive effects if it comes in to contact with oral mucosa. This article presents a case of necrotic ulcer of palatal and buccal mucosa due to injudicious use of chloroform in endodontic treatment, which has caused severe destruction in maxilla. A conservative treatment method of repeated curettage and irrigation was used and although the lesion healed completely, it had major effects on the patient’s quality of life including loss of two teeth. It is important that dentist be aware of the devastating effects of imprudent application of various chemicals used in dentistry. The conservative treatment used for this case can be helpful option for similar cases.
CBCT Evaluation of the maxillary palatine process as a donor site for the regeneration of periodontal defects
Authors: Safi Yaser , Behzadi Sepideh , Shafizadeh Marziyeh , Amid Reza , Kadkhodazadeh Mahdi
Published: May 2022

Background. The maxillary palatine process (MPP) is an excellent source of autogenous bone transplants for anterior maxillary reconstruction. This research aimed to determine the quantity and quality of accessible MPP as a donor location. Methods. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of patients referred to the School of Dentistry were evaluated by a certified examiner. The harvestable MPP was defined as the space between the distal surfaces of maxillary first premolars. OnDemand 3D Imaging software was used to determine bone properties. SPSS software was used to investigate the following variables: Bone characteristics are correlated with age and gender, accessible volume, and palatal width and height. P<0.05 was defined as the level of statistical significance. Results. This study was performed on CBCT scans of 81 subjects (41 females and 40 males). MPP volume and palatal heights were 1.33±0.53 cm3 and 20.86±5.51 mm, respectively. Maximum bone density was observed around lateral incisors. Palatal width was 33.81±2.42 mm between canines and 41.81±2.66 mm between premolars. The MPP volume was significantly greater in males (P<0.001). Additionally, there was a positive correlation between the volume and palatal width (P<0.05). Conclusion. Within the constraints of this research, there is a limited supply of MMP accessible for use as a graft source, and it is best suited for treating localized bone lesions. The favorable link between palatal breadth and harvestable volume aids the surgeon in estimating the quantity of bone accessible during the first evaluation.
Evaluation of influencing factors of treatment duration in patients with traumatic eardrum rupture
Authors: Naderpoor Masoud , Shahidi Nikzad , Fardad Sahar Sadat , Kolahi Farinaz
Published: May 2022

Background. Traumatic rupture of the eardrum is one of the most common cases following traumatic events, requiring medical care and sometimes surgery for treatment, which means the imposition of financial costs on the individual and society. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the factors influencing treatment duration in patients with traumatic eardrum rupture. Methods. In this cross-sectional analytical study, 100 patients were selected in accordance with the inclusion criteria. Based on the otoscopic examination of the tympanic membrane, a small tear (Pin Point) was defined as a case that was less than 1.4 (quarter) of the tympanic membrane, and a medium tear (Medium) was defined as a rupture that was less than 1.4 (quarter) of the tympanic membrane. Up to half of the tympanic membrane and large ruptures (Large) included more than half of the tympanic membrane and to determine the extent of hearing loss in these patients in decibels, audiogram, tympanogram, ECV, SDS and SRT were performed on all patients. Results. The mean age of the patients was 35.44±11.70 years with a median of 33 years. The minimum age of the patients was 10 years and the maximum was 63 years. 72% of patients were male and 28% were female. Regarding the location of rupture of the eardrum in the studied patients, it was observed that in 60 cases (60%) the rupture was in the lower posterior location, in 38 cases (38%) it was in the upper posterior location and only in 2 cases (2%) it was in the middle location of the eardrum. Eleven percent of patients recovered in the first month, 44 percent in the second month, 21 percent in the third month, and 24 percent did not recover. Conclusion. It can be concluded that eardrum rupture seems to occur most frequently around the age of 30 and is more common in males. Also, the lack of improvement in the present study was 24%. In addition, in the present study, there was a statistically significant relationship between extensive bleeding of the eardrum and the space behind the eardrum and the time of repair. Practical Implications. in traumatic perforation of tympanic membrane proper care and prevention of infection cause high healing rate.
Expression of circulatory microRNA-155 in non-Hodgkin lymphomas and rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Mahdavi Anari Seyed Rasool , Kheirkhah Babak , Amini Kumarss , Roozafzai Farzin
Published: May 2022

Background. Micro-ribonucleic acids (miRs) take part in post-transcriptional gene regulation. MiR-155 regulates hematopoiesis, oncogenesis, and immunologic and inflammatory processes. We investigated the expression levels of miR-155 in sera of patients with Burkitt’s lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and rheumatoid arthritis. Methods. In this cross-sectional observation, we used real-time polymerase chain reaction to evaluate expression of miR-155 in sera of 92 Iranian adults who were healthy or had Burkitt’s lymphoma, DLBCL, or rheumatoid arthritis. The relative quantification of gene expression was calculated in terms of cycle threshold values (Ct). We conducted Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlations, Fisher's exact test, and one-way analysis of variance and Games-Howell post-hoc test, with the level of significance of 0.05. Results. The expression of miR-155 was independent of sex and age in each study group. In comparison with healthy subjects (-ΔCt: -2.29 [±standard deviation: 1.92]), miR-155 expression increased in DLBCL (2.49 [±1.01]), and rheumatoid arthritis (2.30 [±1.34]) patients, but did not change in adults with Burkitt’s lymphoma (-1.29 [±2.11]). Conclusion. MiR-155 was significantly elevated in the sera of patients with DLBCL, and rheumatoid arthritis. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to assess the diagnostic, and therapeutic applications of miR-155 in these patients. Practical Implications. The expression of miR-155 increases in sera of patients suffering from DLBCL, and rheumatoid arthritis. The expression of miR-155 was independent of sex and age of patients in this study.
Dose of methadone and positive urinary morphine test in patients receiving methadone maintenance therapy (MMT)
Authors: Mohagheghi Arash , Naghdi Farzaneh
Published: May 2022

Background. Methadone Maintenance Therapy (MMT) is a well-known approach in treatment of Opioid Use Disorders and reduction of harm in these patients. Considering the differences in the pattern of substance use and the instructions for prescribing methadone in our country, this study was performed to evaluate the relationship between methadone dose and positive urinary morphine test in patients receiving MMT. Methods. Clients who were diagnosed as opioid use disorder and has been treated in Razi Hospital in Tabriz were examined. The records of patients receiving MMT were reviewed and their information including demographic information, dose of methadone, number of lapses (based on positive urine morphine tests and the patient's own statements) was evaluated over a 6-month period. Data were analyzed in SPSS 22 and P<0.05 was considered as significant. Results. The mean age of patients was 44 years (15-79 years), the average dose of methadone was 91 (10-175) mg and the mean age of onset of substance use was 26 years. 367 patients were male and 4 were female. The first substance a person consumed was opium and Shireh (opium juice) in 274 cases, cannabis in 11, Shisheh (Methamphetamine) in 4, Kerak and Crystal (A product of heroin) in 28, methadone in 3, tramadol in 5 and heroin in 46 cases. The urine morphine test was negative in 346 cases during 6 months of study while it was positive at one time in 20 cases and 5 cases had a positive test at two times. There was a significant inverse relationship between methadone dose and positive urinary morphine test (P<0.001). Conclusion. Given the significant relationship between positive urinary morphine test and methadone dose, appropriate policies need to be developed to prescribe the minimum effective methadone dose in MMT. To control the disorder and prevent recurrence, urinary morphine tests should be performed more carefully and rigorously. Practical Implications. According to the results of our study, some variables that are associated with a higher reduction in relapse of opioid use (such as employment and marital status and level of education) cannot be intervened by therapists of substance use disorders but Planning to prescribe sufficient doses of methadone can be effective in reducing relapse of opined use disorder.
The Effect of Aqueous-Alcoholic Extract of Toothbrush Tree (Salvadora persica) on the Healing of Second-degree Skin Burns in BALB/c Mice
Authors: Afshar Mohammad , Lotfi Hamed , Hassanzadeh Taheri Mohammad Mehdi , Zardast Mahmoud
Published: May 2022

Background: Researchers have mentioned many beneficial effects for the compounds in the toothbrush tree (Miswak)(Salvadora persica: SP), such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of aqueous-alcoholic extract of toothbrush tree on the wound healing of second-degree skin burns in BALB/c mice. Methods: In this study, 60 mature mice (8 weeks) were used. Mice were divided into 5 groups of twelve. Groups 1 and 2 were treated with concentrations of 5% and 10% of the aqueous-alcoholic extract of the toothbrush, respectively, group3 was treated with silver sulfadiazine ointment (positive control), group4 with cream base (negative control), and group5 (sham) received no treatment. A second-degree circular burn wound with a diameter of 1cm was created on the back of the animal. The first to fourth groups were dressed twice a day. On days 4,7,10 and 14 after anaesthasia, sampling was performed from the wound site and wound healing was evaluated histopathologically. Results: Inflammation and infiltration of neutrophils and lymphocytes were significantly reduced in the group treated with 10%SP extract compared to the negative and sham control groups (P<0.01). On the other hand, the number of fibroblasts, followed by collagen production, epithelialization and the formation of new hair follicles in the wound margins on days10 and14 in the group treated with 10 and 5% SP extracts significantly increased compared to the negative control and sham group (P<0.05). The number of fibroblasts and collagen fiber density in the group treated with 10% SP extract showed a significant increase compared to the 5% extract group and silver sulfadiazine (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings showed that using extract of toothbrush accelerates the burn wound healing process. So it can be a suitable, cost-effective substitute for available commercial products.
Effect of A Probiotic Preparation on Gut Microbiota in Critically Ill Septic Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Unit: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mahmoodpoor Ata , Ghaemi Roya , Shadvar Kamran , Saghaleini Seied-Hadi , Rahnemayan Sama , Shamekh Ali , Sanaie Sarvin
Published: May 2022

Background: Sepsis promotes severe physiologic alterations in patients, and it has been reported to induce profound changes in the gut microbial composition. The decrease of ‘health‑benefiting’ microbes and the increase in dysbiosis in critically ill patients are thought to induce or aggravate sepsis. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of a probiotic preparation, Lactocare®, on gut microbiota in critically ill septic patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: Forty critically ill patients diagnosed with sepsis were assessed in this pilot randomized controlled trial. Patients were randomized into two groups: Lactocare and control groups. Patients in the Lactocare group received two capsules of Lactocare® for 10 days. Fecal samples were taken from all patients on days 1 and 10 for determining the gut microbial pattern. The primary outcome was gut microbial flora, and secondary outcomes were intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay and mortality. Results: Intragroup changes showed that all microbial flora considerably changed during the study period; the number of microbial flora significantly decreased in the control group and increased in the Lactocare group. Patients in the Lactocare group had a significantly lower incidence of diarrhea and infection with multidrug-resistant organisms. There was no difference in ICU length of stay in the Lactocare group compared to the control group (p= 0.289). The mortality rate was 30% in the control group compared to 20% in the Lactocare group (p: 0.465). Conclusion: This study showed a remarkable effect of the probiotic preparation on the gut microbiota in critically ill septic patients as it decreased the number of opportunistic pathogens. However, additional clinical research is needed to translate research into clinical practice to refine the clinical indication of the specific probiotic strains.
Utilizing Nanoparticle Catalyzed TMB/H2 O2 System for Determination of Aspirin in Exhaled Breath Condensate
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Abachi Samineh , Rezaei Homa , Khoubnasabjafari Maryam , Jouyban-Gharamaleki Vahid , Rahimpour Elaheh , Jouyban Abolghasem
Published: May 2022

Background: According to the poison center data for most countries, more than thousands of people’s exposure to aspirin or salicylate-containing products. So, this work aimed was to offer a rapid colorimetric method for monitoring aspirin concentration in exhaled breath condensate (EBC). Methods: A method based on a redox reaction catalyzed by nanoparticles was validated for the analysis of aspirin. 3,3 ,5,5 –Tetramethyl benzidine /H2 O2 and sodium dodecyl sulfate modified silver nanoparticles were used as the redox reagents and catalyst, respectively. Results: Detection mechanism of aspirin using this system is based on the inhibitory effect of aspirin on the signal intensity of the colorimetric systems. Since the decrement in signal intensity was proportional to aspirin level, a colorimetric method was proposed for its quantification in EBC samples. This method shows a linear relationship with aspirin concentration in the range of 10‒250 mg.L−1 with a relative standard deviation of < 3.5%. Conclusion: This method has great potential for aspirin determination due to some features such as high reliability, and fast response time.
The Novel Pharmacological Approaches to Coumestrol: Focusing on the Psychiatric and Neurological Benefits and the Newly Identified Receptor Interactions
Authors: Fekri Kiarash , Mohajjel Nayebi Alireza , Mahmoudi Javad , Sadigh-Eteghad Saeed
Published: May 2022

For years, the health benefits of coumestrol (CMT) have been investigated by researchers around the world. Anti-oxidative properties of the phytoestrogen which can be extracted from several plant tissues, have already been reported as well as the cancer chemopreventive capabilities. Recently, psychiatric and neurological effects of this natural compound have become of interest to researchers so that strong evidence would support the idea that CMT can exert significant effects on the central nervous system. Pharmacologically, this phytoestrogen would act as a selective estrogen receptor modulator with several-fold more affinity to β sub-types of the receptors (ERβ); although other mechanisms of action may be involved. The aim of this review was to gather the recent reports regarding the most important pharmacological benefits of CMT focusing on the psychiatric and neurological ones. Furthermore, the mechanisms of action underlying the pharmacological effects were tried to be clarified more. For this purpose, some keywords such as "Coumestrol", "Pharmacological Effects", "Neurological", "Psychiatric" and "Neuropsychiatric" were searched in popular scientific databases such as Google scholar, Scopus and Pubmed. Then the delegated documentations were brought together, categorized and discussed on this basis. Reviewing the gathered information showed that, apart from the effects on reproduction and the related organs which are mainly conducted through estrogen receptors, CMT has reported to improve various disorders all over the body. Particularly, regarding the neurological and psychiatric systems, the advantages in cerebral hypoxia-ischemia, the Alzheimer’s disease, anxiety, depression and cognitive impairments would be the most important ones. Here, other receptors that have shown interactions with CMT (beside estrogen receptors which are the main target), were also reviewed among which insulin receptors, farnesoid X receptors, pregnane X receptors, and constitutive androstane receptors can be mentioned while only the last two seem to be involved in forming the neurological and psychiatric effects.
Modulation of Nrf2 by activation of estrogen receptor β as a therapeutic strategy to prevent cancer development and overcome inflammation-related drug resistance in breast cancer
Authors: Rymbai Emdormi , Sugumar Deepa , Selvaraj Jubie , Kothandam Ram , Selvaraj Divakar
Published: May 2022

Despite the tremendous progress in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment, the mortality rate is expected to increase due to the emergence of drug resistance. Pro-inflammatory markers are thought to contribute to drug resistance by activation of its naive receptors and its downstream signaling pathways. Elevation of pro-inflammatory markers leads to an increase in the biosynthesis of estrogen which can promote the proliferation of estrogen receptor (ER)+ breast cancer. Inflammation also results in obesity which is one of the key risk factors. Estrogen receptor-beta (ER-β) is an important target that has been widely studied and accepted to possess anti-cancer activity in a number of cancers including breast cancer. ER-β elicits its action through genomic and non-genomic pathways. The genomic pathway increases the transcription of potent cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (p21), and tumor suppressor genes such as melanoma differentiation associated gene 7 and tumor protein (p53). The non-genomic pathway works through protein-protein interaction and phosphorylation. Here, we propose that the activation of ER-β might enhance the activation of nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) via estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-α) repression. The activation of Nrf2 increases the transcription of antioxidant genes such as NADH quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), etc., and decreases the expression of pro-inflammatory genes such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), etc. This review hypothesizes and suggests that ER-β agonists could play a beneficial role to overcome inflammation-related drug resistance by modulation of the Nrf2/antioxidant response element (Nrf2/ARE) pathway.
CEZALANDIRILABİLİRLİĞİN ÖN ALANA KAYDIRILMASI BAĞLAMINDA, YASAK CİHAZ VEYA PROGRAMLAR SUÇU (TCK M. 245/A)
Authors: ÜNAL Osman Gazi
Published: May 2022

Teknolojinin gelişmesiyle birlikte bilişim alanında işlenen suçlarla mücadele etmek, artık daha karmaşık bir hale gelmiştir. Bu suçların sınıraşan boyutunun olması devletleri, uluslararası alanda bir işbirliğine götürmüştür. Bu işbirliğinin bir sonucu olarak Avrupa Konseyi Siber Suç Sözleşmesi akdedilmiştir. Sözleşmenin 6. maddesiyle taraf devletler, bilişim alanındaki suçların işlenmesine yönelen cihaz, şifre, erişim kodu veya benzeri bir veri oluşturmayı ve imal etmeyi suç haline getirmekle yükümlü kılınmışlardır. Bu doğrultuda hem bu suçları önleyebilmek hem de bu suçların işlenmesine kaynaklık eden karaborsanın oluşumunu engellemek amacıyla ceza hukuku müdahalesinin hazırlık hareketlerine doğru kaydırılması öngörülmüştür. Sözleşmedeki bu yükümlülüğe uygun olarak TCK 245/A maddesiyle “yasak cihaz veya programlar” suçu ihdas edilmiştir. Bu suç kapsamında bilişim alanındaki suçlar
ve bilişim sistemlerinin araç olarak kullanılması suretiyle işlenebilen diğer suçların hazırlık hareketleri cezalandırılmıştır. Bu çalışmada öncelikle hazırlık hareketlerinin cezalandırılmasına dair meşruiyet kriterleri ele alınmıştır. Akabinde TCK m. 245/A hükmü, Alman Ceza Kanunu’nda yer alan ilgili suç tipleriyle karşılaştırılmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Son olarak inceleme sonucunda ortaya çıkan birtakım sorunlara da çözüm getirilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Analisis Miskonsepsi Materi Pereaksi Pembatas Menggunakan Tes Three Tier Multiple Choice
Authors: Polamolo Adelia Nur , Lukum Astin
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis miskonsepsi siswa pada materi pereaksi pembatas kelas XI IPA MAN 1 Kota Gorontalo. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes Three Tier Multiple Choice. Tes instrumen yang digunakan telah diuji menggunakan uji validitas konstruk dan uji reliabel. Subjek penelitian yang digunakan adalah kelas XI IPA MAN 1 Kota Gorontalo dengan jumlah sampel 178 siswa yang diambil dari 5 kelas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar siswa mengalami miskonsepsi diseluruh indikator dengan kategori miskonsepsi 1 (MK1) memiliki persentase sebesar 12,2%, miskonsepsi 2 (MK2) memiliki persentase sebesar 9,4%, dan miskonsepsi 3 (MK3) memiliki persentase sebesar 34,6%.
Pembelajaran dengan Model Discovery Learning Berbasis Chemdraw untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep Ikatan Kovalen
Authors: Syawal Apriyanto , Laliyo Lukman Abdul Rauf , Sihaloho Mangara , Munandar Haris
Published: May 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peningkatan pemahaman konsep ikatan kovalen siswa kelas X IPA 3 di SMA Negeri 1 Suwawa dengan model pembelajaran discovery learning berbasis chemdraw. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMA Negeri 1 Suwawa pada materi ikatan kovalen dengan jenis penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X IPA 3 di SMA Negeri 1 Suwawa yang berjumlah 29 orang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam 2 siklus. Tes yang digunakan adalah tes uraian dengan jumlah soal 5 nomor tiap siklus. Pengukuruan pemahaman konsep siswa dianalisis dengan cara menghitung persentase berdasarkan jumlah skor siswa yang dibagi dengan skor total dan dikalikan 100% dengan kriteria tingkat pemahaman tinggi, sedang, dan rendah. Hasil presentase pemahaman konsep pada siklus I sebesar 73,1% dan meningkat pada siklus II sebesar 95,2% sehingga telah memenuhi indikator kinerja sebesar 85%. Hal ini juga didukung oleh kegiatan guru dan kegiatan siswa yang mengalami peningkatan yang awalnya pada siklus I persentase kegiatan guru dari 40,7% dengan kategori cukup menjadi 95,7% dengan kategori sangat baik dan persentase kegiatan siswa dari 39,1% dengan kategori kurang menjadi 94,1% dengan kategori sangat baik.
Analisis Motivasi Belajar pada Materi Asam Basa Selama Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Daing Hardianti , La Kilo Akram , Iyabu Hendri , Alio La
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui motivasi belajar pada materi asam basa siswa kelas XI di SMA Negeri 1 Gorontalo selama masa pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian kualitatif deskriptif ini dilakukan pada siswa kelas XI di SMA Negeri 1 Gorontalo. Responden penelitian 150 siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah quesioner dengan wawancara motivasi belajar intrinsik dan motivasi belajar ekstrinsik siswa. Hasil penelitian ditemukan motivasi belajar intrinsik dan ekstrinsik siswa secara keseluruhan memiliki tiga kategori yaitu kategori sangat tinggi, tinggi dan cukup tinggi, untuk aspek motivasi belajar intrinsik siswa yaitu keinginan diri sebesar 84%, kepuasaan sebesar 87%, kebiasaan baik sebesar 84% dan kesadaran sebesar 80%. Untuk rata-rata dari motivasi belajar intrinsik siswa memperoleh nilai 84% dengan kategori sangat tinggi sedangkan untuk aspek motivasi belajar ekstrinsik siswa yaitu pujian sebesar 81%, nesehat sebesar 85%, semangat sebesar 82%, hadiah sebesar 77%, hukuman sebesar 79% dan meniru sesuatu sebesar 86%. Untuk rata-rata dari motivasi belajar ekstrinsik siswa memperoleh nilai 82% dengan kategori tinggi.
LKM Berbasis Inkuiri Terbimbing Untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konseptual dan Motivasi Belajar Kimia
Authors: Saija Maryone , Beay Lazarus Kalvein
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menginvestigasi pengaruh penerapan Lembar Kerja Mahasiswa (LKM) Berbasis Inkuiri Terbimbing terhadap pemahaman konseptual dan motivasi belajar mahasiswa. Sampel penelitian adalah mahasiswa pada Jurusan Pendidikan MIPA STKIP Gotong Royong Masohi yang mengambil mata kuliah Kimia Dasar 1 berjumlah 107. Penelitian ini menggunakan quasi eksperimen dengan rancangan posttest only control group. Kelompok eksperimen menggunakan LKM berbasis inkuiri terbimbing (n=55) dan kelompok kontrol yang belajar menggunakan LKM tradisional (n=52). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa (1) LKM berbasis inkuiri dapat meningkatkan pemahaman konsep mahasiswa, terlihat dalam perolehan mean skor posttest mahasiswa dalam kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol secara berturut-turut adalah 74.09 dan 65.73, selisih lebih besar 8.36 untuk kelompok eksperimen; dan (2) LKM berbasis inkuiri terbimbing dapat menumbuhkan motivasi belajar mahasiswa.
Analisis Model Mental Siswa dalam Mentransformasikan Konsep Laju Reaksi Melalui Multipel Representasi
Authors: Pikoli Masrid , Sukertini Kadek , Isa Ishak
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui model mental siswa dalam mentrasformasikan konsep laju reaksi melalui multipel representasi siswa SMA Negeri 1 Limboto. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan sampel berjumlah 150 siswa. Pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen tes diagnostik two tier multiple choice, dokumentasi dan angket. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase model mental yang dimiliki siswa adalah: model mental Inisial (36,2%), model mental Sintetik (29,4%) dan model mental Saintifik (34,4%). Multipel representasi siswa dalam memahami konsep laju reaksi masih sangat rendah pada level submikroskopik. Penyebab terbentuknya model mental siswa dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal dan eksternal.
Pengaruh Strategi REACT Terhadap Hasil Belajar Kognitif Siswa pada Materi Larutan Penyangga
Authors: Suleman Nita , Naiyo Marlina H. , Duengo Suleman , Kilo Ahmad Kadir
Published: May 2022

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh strategi REACT terhadap hasil belajar kognitif siswa pada materi larutan penyangga. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah Pretest-posttest Control Group Design. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 55 siswa terbagi pada kelas eksperimen sebanyak 29 siswa dan kelas kontrol sebanyak 26 siswa. Kelas eksperimen menggunakan pembelajaran strategi REACT (Relating, Experiencing, Applayng, Cooperatif, dan Transfering) sedangkan pada kelas kontrol menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional. Hasil uji validitas tes menunjukkan bahwa 15 soal valid dan hasil reliabilitas tes adalah 0,8454 tergolong dalam kategori tinggi. Hasil pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji-t menunjukkan bahwa pada taraf signifikan 0,05 dengan dk = 53 diperoleh thitung sebesar 5,695 lebih besar dari ttabel yaitu 1,674 sehingga dapat disimpulkan H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima, artinya terdapat pengaruh penggunaan pembelajaran berstrategi REACT terhadap hasil belajar kognitif siswa pada materi larutan penyangga. Adapun data aspek afektif dari kedua kelas dikategorikan baik, dengan rata-rata kelas eksperimen 80,345% sedangkan pada kelas kontrol 68,942%. Sedangkan pada aspek psikomotor kelas eksperimen sebesar 75,431% termasuk dalam kategori tinggi dan kelas kontrol sebesar 48,750% termasuk kategori masih kurang.
Analysis of wear for a base Steel 5% Cr, applying 392 N of load and variable speed of 0.18 m/s, 0.36 m/s and 0.54 m/s, using the T05 Block-on-ring wear tester machine
Authors: OROZCO-GARCÍA Calvin Jacob , SERVIN-CASTAÑEDA Rumualdo , SAN MIGUEL-IZA Sandra Maria , GONZÁLEZ-ZARAZUA Roberto Aldo
Published: May 2022

In the present study, an experimental analysis of the friction forces, speeds and friction coefficients that influence the size of the wear track in a steel exposed to mechanical contact was carried out, for this, steel blocks with an alloying element of. 5% Cr base and D2 steel standard ring, representing the Block-on-Disk method, according to the ASTM D2714 standard were used. The test parameters were: 392N load, for 800 seconds, with variable speeds of 0.18 m/sec, 0.36 m/sec and 0.54 m/sec; the test is performed in a dry environment using the T-05 Block-on-Ring wear tester machine. This analysis contributes to the technological development of a material that has a lower coefficient of friction and therefore improves its mechanical properties for systems exposed to this principle, such as the wheels of traveling cranes or railway trains, diesel machinery transport systems and various services, etc.
Risk Altındaki Kültürel Miras: Karadeniz Bölgesi’ndeki Geleneksel Ahşap Yığma (Çantı) Camiler İçin Değerlendirme
Authors: YÜCEL Gül
Published: May 2022

Çalışmada risk altındaki kültür mirası kapsamında ahşap yığma camiler değerlendirilmiştir. Ahşap mimarlık mirası olarak ahşap yığma camiler, tarihi, özgün mekânsal kurgusu, ahşap malzeme kullanımı ve yapı teknolojisi ile birlikte önemli yapısal kültür birikimini barındırmaktadır. Karadeniz Bölgesi’ndeki ahşap yığma camilerin işlevi ile ilişkili olarak; mevcut durum tespiti, mekânsal özelliklerin analizi, yapısal durum ve fiziki koşullara dayanımı konularında birçok araştırma bulunmaktadır. Türkiye’de Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde yoğunlaşan ahşap yığma camiler için doğa kaynaklı risklerin tespiti de koruma açısından öncelikli konulardan biridir. Türkiye için yapılı fiziksel çevre üzerinde oluşturduğu etki ve can kayıpları açısından deprem tehlikesi ilk sıradadır. Depremle birlikte sel ve yangın gibi tehlikeler de önemli risk oluşturmaktadır. Son yıllarda küresel iklim değişikliği ile birlikte yağış rejimindeki değişim, ani yağışlara ve buna bağlı su baskınlarına neden olmaktadır. Çalışmada Karadeniz Bölgesi kapsamında farklı illerden 168 ahşap yığma cami literatürden elde edilen verilere bağlı olarak incelenmiştir. Değerlendirmede doğa kaynaklı tehlikeler ve caminin kullanım süreciyle bağlantılı olarak yapıya müdahaleler dikkate alınmıştır. Camilerin yapım yılı, konumu, kullanım durumu ve özgün yapıya müdahaleler, il ölçeğinde gruplandırılarak, tehdidi altında oldukları tehlikeler kapsamında riskleri tartışılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları, ahşap yığma camileri koruma kapsamında doğa kaynaklı risklerle birlikte kullanım kaynaklı risklerin de tespit edilmesinin önemli olduğunu göstermektedir. Ahşap yığma camiler büyük ölçüde meskûn alan dışında ve mezarlık alanındadır. Önemli sayıda cami nehir yakınında konumludur. Ahşap yığma camilerin birçoğunda muhdes ek ve yapısal müdahale bulunmaktadır. Ahşap mimarlık mirasının önemli bir bileşeni olan ahşap yığma camilere yönelik riskler bütüncül olarak ele alınmalıdır.
Risk Factors of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Adults
Authors: Setiono Daniel D. , Wantania Frans E. N. , Polii Efata B. I.
Published: May 2022

Abstract: The concern of NAFLD is its complications which can progress to cirrhosis and liver failure. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the risk factors for NAFLD which could facilitate any efforts to reduce its prevalence. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for NAFLD, especially in adulthood. This was a literature review study using three databases, namely Clinical Key, Pubmed, and ScienceDirect. The keywords used were Risk Factors of NAFLD in adult. The results obtained 13 articles to be reviewed. Many risk factors for NAFLD in adulthood inter alia: increased score HOMA-IR, PNPLA3 GG gene, presence of serum antibodies, villagers with a family history of metabolism disorder, serum selenium level ≥130 g/L, sleep duration of more than 8 hours, high pre-pregnancy maternal body mass index, various types of gene including PNPLA3, GKCR, TM6SF2, HSD17B13, MBOAT7, PPP1R3B, IRGM and LPIN1, consumption of sugar-rich drinks, increased SUA levels, obesity, pre-diabetes, and excessive food intake during lactation. In conclusion, there is a wide variety of risk factors for NAFLD in adults.Keywords: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; risk factors; adulthood Abstrak: Hal yang dikhawatirkan dari NAFLD ialah bila terjadi komplikasi yang dapat berlanjut menjadi sirosis dan kegagalan fungsi hati. Pemahaman terhadap faktor-faktor risiko NAFLD akan memudahkan usaha menurunkan prevalensi penyakit tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berbagai faktor risiko NAFLD, khususnya pada usia dewasa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode literature review dengan pencarian data menggunakan tiga database yaitu ClinicalKey, Pubmed, dan ScienceDirect. Kata kunci yang digunakan ialah Risk Factors of NAFLD in adult. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 13 artikel untuk di review setelah dilakukan penyesuaian berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Faktor-faktor risiko dari NAFLD pada usia dewasa, yaitu peningkatan skor  HOMA-IR, gen PNPLA3 GG, adanya serum antibodies, penduduk desa dengan riwayat keluarga gangguan metabolik, kadar serum selenium ≥130 μg/L, tidur dengan durasi lebih dari 8 jam, BMI ibu pra-kehamilan yang tinggi, berbagai macam gen seperti PNPLA3, GKCR, TM6SF2, HSD17B13, MBOAT7, PPP1R3B, IRGM dan LPIN1, mengonsumsi minuman kaya gula, peningkatan kadar SUA, obesitas, pre-diabetes dan pemberian asupan makanan yang berlebihan selama masa menyusui. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat berbagai faktor risiko NAFLD yang sangat bervariasi pada usia dewasa.Kata kunci: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); faktor risiko; usia dewasa
TRANSVAGINAL REPAIR OF VESICOVAGINAL FISTULA: EXPERIENCE AT A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE.
Authors: Jain Manish , Jain Divya , Shukla Abhishek , Patel Shailendra , Pal Ravinder
Published: May 2022

Aim: to highlight the transvaginal route as an effective approach for repair of simple vesico-vaginal and urethro-vaginal stulae without
compromising patient outcomes.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out on 45 patients with simple trigonal, supra trigonal and urethrovaginal stula who
underwent transvaginal repair in the last 3 years. Simple stulas were dened as stula less than 3 cm in size or recurrent stulae less than 1.5–2 cm
in size and located either supra-trigonally (above the bar of mercier) or sub-trigonally (below the bar of mercier) as determined by cystoscopy.
Results: Obstetric cause, due to obstructed labour, was the most common cause of stula formation (68.96%), while remaining (29.31%) were
attributed to hysterectomy. Primary stulae were found in 68.9% of patients and recurrent stulae in 31.1% patients. The mean age of patients was
34.30 years. Average stula size was 1.5 cm. The success rate of primary operation was 84.12%. On using a multivariate regression model, the
underlying aetiology (OR 2.2), stula location (OR 2.5) and history of previous repair (OR 2.4) were found to be signicant factors affecting
outcome.
Conclusion: The transvaginal approach is less invasive and achieved comparable success rates as compared to other methods of vesico-vaginal
stula repair. We postulate that vaginal approach should be preferred over abdominal approach for repair of all vaginally accessible vesico vaginal
stulae, both of obstetrical and gynaecological origin.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES & PRACTICES TOWARDS COVID-19: A CROSS SECTIONAL QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY AMONG HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS IN A TERTIARY CARE SUPERSPECIALITY HOSPITAL, RAJASTHAN, INDIA
Authors: Prasad Uprety Khyam , Hrangkhawl Wilson , Kotian Rahul Pratap
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Covid 19 disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the infection spread from Wuhan, China in December 2019, there after the virus
infecting millions of populations worldwide. Healthcare professionals worked tirelessly to tackle the situation worldwide. Our main objective was
to access the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of healthcare professionals towards Covid-19 at NIMS Hospital, Rajasthan.
Methodology: The study was a Cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey, conducted during the second wave of covid. 160 Healthcare
Professionals responded to the self-administered questioner, which had 15 questions in total to evaluate the KAP. The data was analyzed using
SPSS software 23.0 andANOVAtest was performed.
Result: Majority of the respondents had good knowledge 83.75%, 68.75% good attitude, and 55.63% was observed to have good practice.
Signicant difference was seen in knowledge score across the professions and signicant difference in Attitude score across the age group.
Signicant difference was observed in knowledge,Attitude and Practice score across the genders.
Conclusion: The stakeholders must focus on training of HCPs for better practice of tackling with COVID-19. Special emphasis is required to
impart Education, training on COVID, and emphasis on mental health of the healthcare professionals.
PREDICTING THE SUBJECTIVE HEARING OUTCOME IN TYPE I TYMPANOPLASTY USING BELFAST 15/30DB RULE OF THUMB.
Authors: Gupta Priyanshi , Ojha Tarun , Bansal Monika , Trivedi Bhargavi , Sharma Kanika , Chhabra Biban
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVE: Both Otologists and patients mutually hope for an improvement in hearing and a functional benet from an ear surgery to correct
unilateral conductive hearing loss that has been reported as the closure of air-bone gap or reduction in air conduction thresholds. While these
provide a measure of technical success of the operation, they may not always translate into real life benet for the patient. This is because listening
is a binaural task and benet to the patient is determined by numerous factors, of paramount importance is hearing in the non-operated ear. With the
aim, to estimate patient benet in terms of subjective hearing gain after type I tympanoplasty, we reviewed the Belfast 15/30 dB rule of thumb.
METHOD: A 100 cases of chronic otitis media with inactive mucosal disease having conductive hearing loss, who had undergone type I
tympanoplasty were included. Hearing was assessed using pure tone audiogram with average of, .5, 1, 2 & 4Hz and a detailed questionnaire
regarding the subjective perception of hearing was obtained pre and 6 month post-operatively which was correlated with Belfast 15/30 dB rule of
thumb.
RESULT: The predictive value as per pure tone audiometry with Belfast 15/30 dB rule of thumb is 89% with a conclusion that the objective
hearing improvement (88.1%) does not necessarily transform into patients' perception of hearing improvement (78.4%)
CONCLUSION: Hearing is a binaural function and this should always be kept in mind while operating on unilateral/ asymmetric hearing loss
patients as mere closure of air-bone gap or reduction in air conduction threshold might not conclude patients' perception of hearing gain. Belfast
15/30 dB rule of thumb has proved to be a valuable tool in predicting the subjective improvement of hearing
ODONTOGENIC KERATOCYSTS OF MAXILLARY SINUS – A CASE REPORT
Authors: Santhosh V.Kalaiselvi , Raghupathy L. P. , Sushanth Anu
Published: May 2022

Odontogenic Keratocyst (OKC) is a clinico-pathologically distinct form of developmental odontogenic cyst. It is known for its aggressive
biological behavior and high recurrence rate. Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is the third most common odontogenic cyst and comprises about
12% of all the cysts occurring in the maxillofacial region. OKC has a distinct feature to occur in body of the mandible and ramus. But it can also be
found in the maxilla especially in the canine region. We present a rare case of OKC in maxillary sinus of a 35 year old female patient which is
associated with ectopic third molar that can be easily confused with other lesions of maxillary sinus like sinusitis or antral polyps. Involvement of
the maxillary sinus by OKC is rare with < 1% of cases reported in the literature.
A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY ON COMPARISON OF DECLINE IN LUNG FUNCTION BETWEEN SMOKERS, EX-SMOKERS AND NON-SMOKERS AT IRD SMS MEDICAL COLLEGE JAIPUR RAJASTHAN
Authors: Singh Jitendra , Prakash Agnihotri Shashi , Rajawat Govind Singh , Chahar Ruchika
Published: May 2022

Introduction: - Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common, preventable and treatable disease which is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Smoking and biomass fuel exposure plays a major role in copd by oxidative stress which leads to decrease in predicted FEV1% and FEV1/FVC ratio. Comparison in decline in lung function between smokers, ex-smokers and non-smokers.Objective:- Material And Methods: - This was a hospital-based case control study conducted at Institute of Respiratory Diseases SMS Medical College Jaipur, Rajasthan India. Total 50 healthy controls and 50 Smokers and Ex-Smokers Diagnosed cases of COPD enrolled in study during2020-2021. Results: - FEV1% in cases was 55.86 ± 15.9 and in controls was 89.2 ± 6.65. FEV1/FVC in cases was 56.62 ± 10.15 and in controls was 76.98 ± 3.61. Predicted FEV 1% and FEV1/FVC ratio was low in cases as compare to controls and the levels were also low in Smokers asConclusion: - compare to Ex-Smokers.
CLINICAL AND LABORATORY PROFILE OF PEDIATRIC SCRUB TYPHUS AT A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL IN SOUTHERN RAJASTHAN
Authors: Kumar Gurjar Mukesh , Beniwal Neetu , Asora Neha , Pal katara Lalit , Goyal Suresh
Published: May 2022

Background: Scrub Typhus is an important cause of acute febrile illness that is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. It is transmitted by bite of
larval stage (chigger) of a trombiculid mite. Scrub typhus is a zoonosis.
Material and methods:-This was a hospital based prospective study conducted in Department of Paediatrics, Balchikitsalaya, MB Govt.
Hospital, RNT Medical College, Udaipur, Rajasthan over a period of 21 months from October 2019 to June 2021. All children aged 1 month to 18
years admitted with fever with serologically conrmed Scrub Typhus test(Positive IgM ELISA) were included in the study. A detailed history was
recorded, Clinical examination, anthropometric measurement, laboratory ndings, complications, and outcome of patients were recorded on a
prestructured proforma.
Results:- During study period 152 children had scrub typhus and fullling inclusion criteria were included in the study. All children presented with
fever. Other common symptom were vomiting(65.78%) ,headache(42.10%) ,abdominal pain (37.50%), bodyache(25%) , altered
sensorium(22.36%) and cough(21.71%) . Most common examination nding was fever in all the children, pallor (74.34%), oedema (50%),
tachypnea (43.42%), hypotension(38.81%), rash(32.89%), hepatomegaly(29.60%), facial pufness(28.94%) and Eschar (7.89%) were other
common ndings. Doxycycline, azithromycin or chloramphenicol were used for treatment.
Conclusion:- Scrub Typhus is one of the common cause of acute febrile illness in children. A high degree of suspicion, a search for an eschar and
knowledge of geographical distribution of rickettsial diseases is crucial for its early diagnosis ,treatment and favourable outcome.