bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parent‐directed intervention in promoting knowledge of pediatric nutrition and healthy lifestyle among low‐SES families with toddlers: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: LoRe Danielle , Leung Christy Y. Y. , Brenner Louisa , Suskind Dana L.
Published: May 2019

Objective

The objective of this study is to determine the efficacy of an interactive, home visiting curriculum tailored to low socio‐economic status families in improving parental knowledge of paediatric nutrition and healthy lifestyle.

Methods

Parents of toddlers aged 13–16 months living with a household income below 200% of the federal poverty line were randomized into healthy lifestyle intervention and control home visiting curriculum groups. Each curriculum consisted of 12 one‐on‐one educational sessions with parents facilitated by a trained home‐visitor that were administered over a 6‐month intervention period. Knowledge assessments were administered before and after the intervention period.

Results

Results of a one‐way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) analysis showed that parents in the intervention group (M = 26.05, SD = 4.24) scored significantly higher than control parents (M = 23.84, SD = 4.26) post‐intervention, controlling for parent education level, F(1, 102) = 7.494 (95% confidence interval [−3.68, −0.59]). One‐way ANCOVA analysis showed no significant mean difference between the parents in the intervention group (M = 24.13, SD = 4.37) and the control group (M = 23.93, SD = 4.16) at baseline, controlling for parent education level, F(1, 163) = 0.002 (95% confidence interval [−1.28, 1.22]).

Conclusions

An interactive healthy lifestyle intervention focused on low‐SES families significantly improved parental knowledge of paediatric healthy lifestyle. Changes in parental knowledge is a key preliminary step in behaviour change to ultimately affect behaviour. Informing and encouraging parents of toddlers to guide healthy lifestyle development early remains a promising point of intervention for prevention, rather than remediation, of childhood obesity.
16p13.11 microdeletion uncovers loss‐of‐function of a MYH11 missense variant in a patient with megacystis‐microcolon‐intestinal‐hypoperistalsis syndrome
Authors: Kloth Katja , Renner Sina , Burmester Gunter , Steinemann Doris , Pabst Brigitte , Lorenz Birgit , Simon Ronald , Kolbe Verena , Hempel Maja , Rosenberger Georg
Published: May 2019

Megacystis‐microcolon‐intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS), a rare condition that affects smooth muscle cells, is caused by biallelic null alleles in MYH11. We report on a girl with MMIHS in addition to growth hormone deficiency, central hypothyroidism and a tonically dilated pupil with accommodation deficit. Sanger sequencing and arrayCGH uncovered the novel heterozygous missense variant c.379C>T in MYH11 and a heterozygous 1.3 Mb deletion in 16q13.11 encompassing MYH11, respectively. Her mother carries the deletion, whereas her father is heterozygous for the c.379C>T p.(Pro127Ser) change. Proline 127 is crucial for the formation of the Adenosine triphosphate binding pocket of the MYH11 motor domain and molecular modeling indicated that p.Pro127Ser alters nucleotide binding properties. Thus, the unusual and complex clinical presentation of the patient results from compound heterozygosity for a 16p13.11 microdeletion including the entire MYH11 gene and a loss‐of‐function missense variant on the remaining MYH11 allele. In conclusion, we recommend genetic testing both for MYH11 sequence alterations and copy number imbalances in individuals with MMIHS and smooth muscle cell‐associated abnormalities in additional organs, that is, multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction.
Molecular genetic study of acute intermittent porphyria in Russia: HMBS gene mutation spectrum and problem of penetrance
Authors: Goncharova Maria , Pshenichnikova Olesya , Luchinina Yulia , Pustovoit Yaroslav , Karpova Irina , Surin Vadim
Published: May 2019

Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is the most common and severe form of porphyrias. This is a dominant inherited disorder with low penetrance, caused by mutations in gene coding hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS). We present the results of our long‐term genetic study of AIP patients and their relatives (N = 153 and 302, respectively). We detected 88 HMBS gene mutations, 24 of which never described before. To identify additional factors conditioning AIP manifestation, we carried out whole exome sequencing on the group of AIP patients (N = 6). Mutation spectra of different patients virtually did not overlap. In 5 out of 6 patients, we found defects in genes regulating nervous system (UNC13A, ALG8, FBXO38, AGRN, DOK7, SCN4A). As usually acute AIP attacks have various neurological symptoms, we proposed a hypothesis of possible contribution of mutations in such genes in AIP manifestation.
Assessing the gap between conservation need and protection status for select rare ecosystems in Alaska
Authors: Flagstad Lindsey A. , Boggs Keith W. , Boucher Tina V. , Carlson Matthew L. , Anjanette Steer M. , Bernard Bonnie , Aisu Megumi , Lema Priscilla , Kuo Tina
Published: May 2019

Rare ecosystems support unique assemblages of flora and fauna within a small geographic area. As such, their conservation represents an effective method of biodiversity protection. The description, mapping, and assessment of rare ecosystems is a necessary and initial conservation action, yet this has not been completed for Alaska. Here, we provide the first comprehensive treatment of rare terrestrial ecosystems for the state. Thirty‐five rare systems, representing different levels of ecological organization and geographic scale, are presented. In addition, a gap analysis was conducted to evaluate the systems' current level of land management protection relative to their conservation need. Eleven of the mapped ecosystems are considered adequately protected, two are moderately protected, and 22 are less protected. Conservation ranks are incongruously aligned with land management protection levels such that the rarest systems are often not well protected and the less‐imperiled systems are often well protected. On the ecoregion scale, systems with arctic distributions are less protected than are those with boreal and maritime distributions. This rare ecosystem assessment complements species‐ and landscape‐scale conservation studies previously completed for Alaska. Collectively, the recommendations from these assessments provide a science‐based strategy for biological conservation in a vulnerable region of the world.
APOL1 high‐risk genotypes and renal transplantation
Authors: Shah Sapna , Shapiro Ron , Murphy Barbara , Menon Madhav C.
Published: May 2019

The discovery of apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) gene variants and its association with kidney disease in African‐Americans represent a significant breakthrough in understanding the genetic basis of ancestry‐based differences in a public health problem. The role these variants play in renal transplantation is still incompletely understood. This article reviews the epidemiologic data and current reports of APOL1 variant pathogenesis in transplantation. We examine existing data on outcomes in APOL1 high‐risk kidneys, high‐risk APOL1 recipients, live donors with high‐risk mutations and non–renal transplantation of high‐risk APOL1 organs. We discuss the rapidly evolving role and potential pros and cons of APOL1 genotyping of donors and recipients in transplantation. Finally, we highlight the ongoing nationwide National Institutes of Health‐sponsored “APOL1 Long‐term Kidney Transplantation Outcomes (APOLLO)” study, which will quantify outcomes and “second hits” in pertinent to APOL1 high‐risk variants in renal transplantation.
Overview of the European Medicines Agency's Experience With Biowaivers in Centralized Applications
Authors: Lenić Ines , Blake Kevin , Garcia‐Arieta Alfredo , Potthast Henrike , Welink Jan
Published: May 2019

The waiver of the in vivo demonstration of bioequivalence (biowaiver) is an established tool in drug development and regulatory assessment. This study reviews the use of different biowaiver approaches in centralized applications for marketing authorization to the European Medicines Agency for generic and innovator medicinal products in 2016 and 2017. The focus was to provide insight into the applicability of biowaivers for medicines development. The results show that as expected, biowaivers were most frequently used in applications for generic medicines, in particular for the approval of additional strengths when in vivo bioequivalence has been demonstrated using a single, usually the highest, strength. Biowaivers have, however, also been used in applications for innovator medicines in different phases of clinical development. This review confirms the existing key roles and further potential for biowaivers in regulatory submissions in that they are useful in streamlining the often challenging processes of clinical development.
Does good governance matter for FDI? New evidence from emerging countries using a static and dynamic panel gravity model approach
Authors: Younsi Moheddine , Bechtini Marwa
Published: May 2019

This paper assesses the impact of institutional factors on foreign direct investment (FDI) attractiveness using a pool of 25 emerging host countries (ECs) for the period 1996–2012. In particular, the paper aims to examine whether higher institutional quality and good governance do improve FDI attractiveness, and thereby to identify which institutional factors are the main drivers of FDI in ECs. Using a static and dynamic panel gravity model with various estimation techniques, we find that FDI is positively and significantly influenced by political stability, government effectiveness and regulatory quality. The remaining set of governance indicators is found to be statistically significant and negatively linked to FDI. Our findings also show that factors like a larger GDP per capita difference between investing partner and ECs, higher degree of trade openness and better infrastructure have positive and significant effects on FDI attractiveness. These results have important policy implications for ECs. Fostering FDI inflows into these countries requires policymakers to improve the quality of their institutions and business climate through implementing sound economic policies and regulations.
Clinical analysis of Chinese anti‐low‐density‐lipoprotein‐receptor‐associated protein 4 antibodies in patients with myasthenia gravis
Authors: Li M. , Han J. , Zhang Y. , Lv J. , Zhang J. , Zhao X. , Ren L. , Fang H. , Yang J. , Zhang Y. , Cui X. , Zhang Q. , Li Q. , Du Y. , Gao F.
Published: May 2019

Background and purpose

Low‐density‐lipoprotein‐receptor‐associated protein 4 (LRP4) autoantibodies have recently been detected in myasthenia gravis (MG), but little is known about the clinical characteristics associated with this serological type. In this study, the clinical features of Chinese patients with anti‐LRP4 antibody‐positive MG were characterized.

Methods

A total of 2172 MG serum samples were collected from patients in various parts of China. An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody and titin antibody, and cell‐based assays were used to detect muscle‐specific kinase antibody and LRP4 antibody. Clinical data for patients with MG were collected from different provinces in China.

Results

In total, 16 (0.8%) patients with LRP4‐MG were found amongst 2172 total patients, including three patients with AChR/LRP4‐MG. Additionally, 13 (2.9%) patients with LRP4‐MG were found amongst 455 patients with double seronegative MG. The ratio of males to females for these 13 patients was 1:1.6, and 53.8% patients were children. A total of 91.7% of cases exhibited initial ocular involvement, and 58.3% of cases exhibited simple eye muscle involvement. Responses to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and prednisone were observed.

Conclusion

The expanded sample confirmed that the positive rate of LRP4 antibodies in China is lower than that in western countries. Our results highlighted the differences between LRP4‐MG and other antibody groups. Children and female patients with LRP4‐MG have a higher prevalence, often involving the ocular muscles and limb muscles. The clinical symptoms are mild, and satisfactory responses to treatment are often achieved.
Blockade of angiogenin by thalidomide inhibits the tumorigenesis of murine hemangioendothelioma
Authors: Guo Lifang , Wan Zirui , Xu Benshan , Ren Lulu , Liu He , Song Nan , Liu Lihong
Published: May 2019

Thalidomide, a well‐known immunomodulatory compound, has an anti‐angiogenic activity, which may be utilized for the treatment of angiogenesis‐related diseases such as hemangioendothelioma. The aim of the present study was to investigate both the antitumor role of thalidomide on hemangioendothelioma and the underlying mechanism. By using the xenograft mouse model, we found that thalidomide can inhibit the progression of hemangioendothelioma in vivo. Moreover, thalidomide shows no effect on the proliferation of hemangioendothelioma endothelial cell (EOMA), but significantly impairs the pro‐angiogenic capacity of the EOMA cells in vitro. By qRT‐PCR screening, we observed that the expression of angiogenin was downregulated by thalidomide treatment. We next performed tissue array analysis and found a positive correlation between angiogenin expression level and hemangioendothelioma occurrence in patients. Moreover, we confirmed that the antitumoral role of thalidomide is dependent on angiogenin expression both in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, we concluded that thalidomide can inhibit the progression of hemangioendothelioma by downregulating the expression of pro‐angiogenic factor angiogenin and therefore can be used as a potent therapeutic to treat hemangioendothelioma.
Alternative interaction sites in the influenza A virus nucleoprotein mediate viral escape from the importin‐α7 mediated nuclear import pathway
Authors: Resa‐Infante Patricia , Bonet Jaume , Thiele Swantje , Alawi Malik , Stanelle‐Bertram Stephanie , Tuku Berfin , Beck Sebastian , Oliva Baldo , Gabriel Gülsah
Published: May 2019

Influenza A viruses are able to adapt to restrictive conditions due to their high mutation rates. Importin‐α7 is a component of the nuclear import machinery required for avian‐mammalian adaptation and replicative fitness in human cells. Here, we elucidate the mechanisms by which influenza A viruses may escape replicative restriction in the absence of importin‐α7. To address this question, we assessed viral evolution in mice lacking the importin‐α7 gene. We show that three mutations in particular occur with high frequency in the viral nucleoprotein (NP) protein (G102R, M105K and D375N) in a specific structural area upon in vivo adaptation. Moreover, our findings suggest that the adaptive NP mutations mediate viral escape from importin‐α7 requirement likely due to the utilization of alternative interaction sites in NP beyond the classical nuclear localization signal. However, viral escape from importin‐α7 by mutations in NP is, at least in part, associated with reduced viral replication highlighting the crucial contribution of importin‐α7 to replicative fitness in human cells.
Hyaluronan preconditioning of monocytes/macrophages affects their angiogenic behavior and regulation of TSG‐6 expression in a tumor type‐specific manner
Authors: Spinelli Fiorella M. , Vitale Daiana L. , Icardi Antonella , Caon Ilaria , Brandone Alejandra , Giannoni Paula , Saturno Virginia , Passi Alberto , García Mariana , Sevic Ina , Alaniz Laura
Published: May 2019

Hyaluronan is a glycosaminoglycan normally present in the extracellular matrix in most tissues. Hyaluronan is a crucial player in many processes associated with cancer, such as angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. However, little has been reported regarding the action of hyaluronan on monocytes/macrophages (Mo/MØ) in tumor angiogenesis and its consequences on tumor development. In the present study, we investigated the effects of hyaluronan of different sizes on human Mo/MØ angiogenic behavior in colorectal and breast carcinoma. In vitro, the treatment of Mo/MØ with lysates and conditioned media from a breast but not from colorectal carcinoma cell line plus high‐molecular weight hyaluronan induced: (a) an increased expression of angiogenic factors VEGF, IL‐8, FGF‐2, and MMP‐2, (b) an increased endothelial cell migration, and (c) a differential expression of hyaluronan‐binding protein TSG‐6. Similar results were observed in Mo/MØ derived from breast cancer patients treated with tumor lysates. Besides, macrophages primed with high‐molecular weight hyaluronan and inoculated in human breast cancer xenograft tumor increased blood vessel formation and diminished TSG‐6 levels. In contrast, the effects triggered by high‐molecular weight hyaluronan on Mo/MØ in breast cancer context were not observed in the context of colorectal carcinoma. Taken together, these results indicate that the effect of high‐molecular weight hyaluronan as an inductor of the angiogenic behavior of macrophages in breast tumor context is in part consequence of the presence of TSG‐6.
Modelling on crack propagation behaviours at concrete matrix‐aggregate interface
Authors: Wu Baijian , Tang Keke
Published: May 2019

A numerical model is proposed to simulate crack propagation at concrete matrix‐aggregate interface. One single aggregate surrounded by concrete matrix is taken to demonstrate the behaviours of crack penetration into concrete matrix and crack growth along the interface. Influences of side‐edge constraint, aggregate direction, and interface fracture energy on the crack propagation behaviours are respectively investigated. The results show that, tensile constraint on the side edge, a smaller angle between tensile axis and aggregate, and higher fracture energy lead to a higher rupture strength of the interface. Once the interface crack starts to grow, it propagates to the two ends of aggregate major axis drastically and further penetrates into the matrix. Nevertheless, these factors have no appreciable influence on crack propagation path. By mapping interface crack into major axis, ordinary crack is generated. Using the above simplification, modelling of multiple crack propagation in concrete is efficiently achieved.
Return predictability: The dual signaling hypothesis of stock splits
Authors: Elnahas Ahmed , Gao Lei , Ismail Ghada
Published: May 2019

This paper aims to differentiate between optimistic splits and overoptimistic/opportunistic splits. Although markets do not distinguish between these two groups at the split announcement time, optimistic (overoptimistic/opportunistic) splits precede positive (negative) long‐term buy‐and‐hold abnormal returns. Using the calendar month portfolio approach, we show that the zero‐investment, ex ante identifiable, and fully implementable trading strategy proposed in this paper can generate economically and statistically significant positive abnormal returns. Our findings indicate that pre‐split earnings management and how it relates to managers’ incentives, is an omitted variable in the studies of post‐split long‐term abnormal returns.
Translation, validation and reliability of the functional capacity questionnaire Haemophilia Activities List for haemophilia patients in Brazil
Authors: Ramos Ana A. T. , Wolff Álvaro L. P. , Lorenzato Claudia S. , Pacheco Luciano R. L. , Zonta Marise B. , Valderramas Silvia
Published: May 2019

Introduction

To date, none of the available assessment instruments to evaluate functional abilities for individuals with haemophilia has been translated and validated in Brazil.

Aim

To translate, and test the construct validity, internal consistency and the reliability of the Haemophilia Activities List (HAL) for the Brazilian population with severe and moderate haemophilia (type A or B) and to investigate differences in the self‐perception of functional abilities in patients adults with haemophilia classified according to the presence of joint bleeding and the performance of orthopaedic surgeries.

Methods

The translation and transcultural adaptation following the steps: (a) translation; (b) synthesis (consensual version); (c) back‐translation; (d) review by the committee of experts; (e) pretest in the target population; and (f) final version of the instrument. Correlations between HAL scores and the scores of the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) were determined for construct validation. Reliability was tested using the test and retest method, and internal consistency was calculated by Cronbach's α.

Results

The HAL‐BR was applied to 52 individuals with haemophilia (34.51 ± 12.87 years). The process of translation and cross‐cultural adaptation produced similar versions between the translations A moderate correlation was observed between HAL and the HAQ (r = −0.55) and WOMAC scores (r = −0.58). The reliability was ICC = 0.972, CI (0.917‐0.997) ICC = 0.876, CI (0.631‐0.978) for inter‐ and intra‐examiners. No difference was found in the total HAL score between the groups with and without bleeding. The group subjected to surgery compared to the group of not subjected to surgery presented in the HAL domains worse function in ‘lying down/sitting/kneeling/standing’, ‘self‐care’ and ‘complex lower extremities activities’ as well as in total HAL score.

Conclusion

The Brazilian version of the HAL was proven to be a valid and reliable evaluation tool for adults with haemophilia in Brazil.
How might patient involvement in healthcare quality improvement efforts work—A realist literature review
Authors: Bergerum Carolina , Thor Johan , Josefsson Karin , Wolmesjö Maria
Published: May 2019

Introduction

This realist literature review, regarding active patient involvement in healthcare quality improvement (QI), seeks to identify possible mechanisms that contribute to success or failure. Furthermore, the paper outlines key considerations for organizing and supporting patient involvement in healthcare QI efforts.

Methods

Two literature searches were performed. Altogether, 1204 articles from a healthcare context were screened, focusing on improvement efforts that involve patients, healthcare professionals and/or managers and leaders. Among these, 107 articles fulfilled the chosen study selection criteria and were further analysed. Eighteen articles underwent a full realist review. In the realist synthesis, context‐mechanism‐outcome configurations were articulated as middle‐range theories and organized thematically to generate a program theory on how active patient involvement in QI efforts might work.

Results

The articles exhibited a diversity of patient involvement approaches at different levels of healthcare organizations. To be successful, organizations’ support of QI efforts that actively involved patients tailored the QI efforts to their context to achieve the desired outcomes, and involved the relevant microsystem members. Furthermore, it promoted interaction and partnership within the microsystem, and supported the behavioural change that follows.

Conclusion

This realist synthesis generates a program theory for active patient involvement in QI efforts; active patient involvement can be a tool (resource), if tailored for interaction and partnership (reasoning), that leads to behaviour change (outcome) within healthcare QI efforts. The theory explains essential resource and reasoning mechanisms, and outcomes that together form guidance for healthcare organizations when managing active patient involvement in QI efforts.
Taxonomy of cryptic species in the Cyornis rubeculoides complex in the Indian subcontinent
Authors: Singh Ashutosh , Gupta Sandeep K. , Alström Per , Mohan Dhananjai , Hooper Daniel M. , Kumar Ramani S. , Bhatt Dinesh , Singh Pratap , Price Trevor D.
Published: May 2019

Taxa classified as subspecies may in fact be cryptic species. We assessed the taxonomic status of the Blue‐throated Flycatcher Cyornis rubeculoides complex in India, which consists of several forms with similar plumages and song. We used mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, plumage traits, and detailed song analysis to ascertain the taxonomic status of the different forms. The molecular data identified three primary clades: (1) in the west Himalayan foothills, (2) at higher elevations in the northeast hill states of Meghalaya, Nagaland and Mizoram, and (3) at lower elevations in the northeastern hills of Meghalaya and the east Himalayas of Arunachal Pradesh. The western clade represents nominate C. rubeculoides rubeculoides. The high‐elevation eastern clade was considered to be C. rubeculoides rogersi, because it included a sample from this subspecies from near the type locality in southwest Myanmar. These two sister clades had an estimated divergence time of 1.5 million years (my). The low‐elevation east clade has previously been assigned to C. rubeculoides, but we showed it is closely related to the Hainan Blue Flycatcher Cyornis hainanus, formerly thought to breed only further east, with an estimated divergence time of only ~0.8 my. This clade may represent a subspecies of C. hainanus or, given reports of widespread sympatry with C. hainanus in Thailand, a distinct species, Cyornis dialilaemus. However, more research is advocated, including molecular data, from the area of overlap. Songs were remarkably similar across all taxa. In playback experiments, C. r. rubeculoides in the west responded to all taxa. This is in agreement with recent work demonstrating that song differences and responses to songs are not always a good indicator of the progress of reproductive isolation.
Effect of annealing on UV‐visible absorption and photoluminescence behavior of liquid phase deposited TiO2 nanorods
Authors: Sadeghzadeh‐Attar Abbas , Bafandeh Mohammad Reza
Published: May 2019

In this work, anatase and rutile TiO2 nanorods were fabricated using one‐step liquid phase deposition process, followed by heat treatment in the range 300‐800°C. The direct and indirect band gap of the TiO2 nanorods was estimated form optical absorption data which illustrated a red shift at higher temperatures owing to the different nature of excitons in anatase and rutile phases. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra revealed the presence of two main emission bands consisting of four peaks. It was found that two high‐energy peaks located at 2.95‐3.30 eV could be generated from exciton transitions from the conduction band to the valence band of TiO2 nanorods, while two low‐energy peaks located at 2.43‐2.64 eV may arise from surface state transitions. The PL intensity firstly increased with temperature and at 500°C reached a maximum value, then decreased through increasing temperature up to 800°C. These variations in the intensity of PL emission could be explained in terms of changes in phase structure, crystallinity, and amount of the oxygen vacancies, which are all dependent to the annealing temperature based on X‐ray diffractometer and X‐ray photoelectron spectrometer studies. These results indicated that annealing temperature allows to manipulate the properties of TiO2 nanorods for opto‐electronic applications.
Consumption of low‐calorie sweetened beverages is associated with higher total energy and sugar intake among children, NHANES 2011–2016
Authors: Sylvetsky Allison C. , Figueroa Janet , Zimmerman Talia , Swithers Susan E. , Welsh Jean A.
Published: May 2019

Objective

To examine associations between consumption of low‐calorie sweetened beverages (LCSBs), sugar, and total energy intake in children in the United States.

Methods

We used 24‐hour dietary recalls from 7026 children enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011 to 2016 to assess energy and macronutrient intake among LCSB (≥4 oz LCSB, <4 oz SB), SB (≥4 oz SB, <4 oz LCSB), and LCSB + SB consumers (≥4 oz each) compared with water consumers (≥4 oz water, <4 oz LCSB and SBs). Sample weights and complex survey procedures were used for all analyses.

Results

Adjusting for body mass index (BMI) percentile, LCSB, SB, and LCSB + SB consumption was associated with 196, 312, and 450 more total calories and 15, 39, and 46 more grams of added sugar, which amounts to 60, 156, 184 more calories from added sugar, compared with water consumers (P < .05 for all pairwise comparisons). No differences in energy intake were observed between LCSB and SB consumers. [Correction added on 28 May 2019, after first online publication: In the preceding sentence, quantities of added sugar reported are in grams. The corresponding calories have also been specified in this version.]

Conclusions

These findings challenge the utility of LCSB for weight management in children and adolescents.
A hybrid data mining heuristic to solve the point‐feature cartographic label placement problem
Authors: Guerine Marcos , Rosseti Isabel , Plastino Alexandre
Published: May 2019

A clean map visualization requires the fewest possible overlaps and depends on how labels are attached to point features. In this paper, we address the cartographic label placement variant problem whose objective is to label a set of points maximizing the number of conflict‐free points. Thus, we propose a hybrid data mining heuristic to solve the point‐feature cartographic label placement problem based on a clustering search (CS) heuristic, a state‐of‐the‐art method for this problem. Although several works have investigated the combination of data mining and multistart metaheuristics, this is the first time data mining has been used to improve CS and simulated annealing based heuristics. Computational experiments showed that the proposed hybrid heuristic was able to reach better cost solutions than the original strategy, with the same time effort. The proposed heuristic also could find almost all known optimal solutions and improved most of the best results for the set of large instances reported so far in the literature.
Use of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) vaccines for behavioural and reproductive control in managed Asian elephantElephas maximusand African elephantLoxodonta africanapopulations
Authors: Lueders I. , Oerke A.‐K. , Knauf‐Witzens T. , Young D. , Bertschinger H. J.
Published: May 2019

Because of their size and reproductive anatomy, surgical castration is not a practical option in adult elephants. However, similar to other species in human care, the effects of gonadectomy are desired in specific situations. This may be for contraceptive purposes, or for behavioural or veterinary management of elephants in human care or wild elephants managed in small reserves. Research into non‐surgical contraceptive measures for wild and domestic animals has resulted in an array of hormonal and immunological options to downregulate gonadal function. Driven by the production‐animal industry, commercial gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) vaccines are readily and cheaply available. This immunocontraceptive is effective in both males and females as it inhibits gonadotrophic hormone release and, thus, downstream stimulation of testicles and ovaries. Here, available studies from the past 10 years on the GnRHvaccine application in male and female elephants are reviewed. Furthermore, we add our own experience gathered from the treatment of male African elephantsLoxodonta africanaand female Asian elephantsElephas maximusin human care. The GnRHvaccine offers a viable approach for various management purposes. It should be noted that the GnRHvaccine was not primarily designed as a reversible contraceptive. Therefore, its use must be well justified on an individual basis and the effects closely monitored.
Photochromism‐induced light scattering and photoswithing in Er doped (K,Na)NbO3 transparent ceramics
Authors: Sun Haiqin , Lv Yang , Zhu Yan , Lin Jinfeng , Wu Xiao , Zhang Qiwei , Hao Xihong
Published: May 2019

The (K0.5Na0.5)0.95Li0.05Nb0.95Bi0.05O3‐1mol% Er2O3 transparent ceramics were prepared by a pressureless sintering method. The fabricated transparent ceramics not only exhibit high optical transmittance (85.3%) due to dense microstructure (nanoscale size grains), but also show the photochromism‐induced light scattering and reversible upconversion (UC)‐switching properties by visible light irradiation. Upon 407 nm light irradiation, the optical transmittance intensity is significantly decreased, showing a strong light scattering (ΔAbs = 28.3%). The light scatting degree can be quantitatively reflected by Er3+ ion UC emission, and could be recovered to its initial optical transmittance based on photochromic reactions. Meanwhile, the transparent ceramic is found to maintain good energy storage properties with higher W (5.87 J/cm3) and Wrec (1.96 J/cm3) under a higher electric field of 260 kV/cm. These results suggest that Er3+ doped (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 transparent ceramics are promising for the modulation of light scattering and the design of photoelectric multifunction devices.
Can you be yourself in business? How reminders of business affect the perceived value of authenticity
Authors: Kokkoris Michail D. , Sedikides Constantine
Published: May 2019

Authenticity is generally beneficial to employees and organizations, but do business students believe that the business world affords it? On the one hand, business may be regarded as incompatible with authenticity, as it is arguably ruled largely by etiquette, norms, and conventions that leave little room to be one's true self (hindering role). On the other hand, business may be seen as promoting authenticity, as it is arguably based largely on creativity, initiative, and independence that provide opportunities to thrive by being one's true self (facilitating role). We proposed that business students would be more likely to endorse the facilitating role of authenticity. We hypothesized, in particular, that mere reminders of business (i.e., primes) would raise the general value of authenticity, but only among those who dispositionally value authenticity less (than more). Results of two experiments were consistent with the hypothesis. We discuss theoretical, managerial, and educational implications.
Genome‐wide association studies revealed candidate genes for tail fat deposition and body size in the Hulun Buir sheep
Authors: Zhang Tongyu , Gao Hongding , Sahana Goutam , Zan Yanjun , Fan Hongying , Liu Jiaxin , Shi Liangyu , Wang Hongwei , Du Lixin , Wang Lixian , Zhao Fuping
Published: May 2019

Fat‐tailed sheep have a unique characteristic of depositing fat in their tails. In the present study, we conducted genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) on traits related to tail fat deposition and body size in the Hulun Buir sheep. A total number of 300 individuals belonging to two fat‐tailed lines of the Hulun Buir sheep breed genotyped with the Ovine Infinium HD SNP BeadChip were included in the current study. Two mixed models, one for continuous and one for binary phenotypic traits, were employed to analyse ten traits, that is, body length (BL), body height (BH), chest girth (CG), tail length (TL), tail width (TW), tail circumference (TC), carcass weight (CW), tail fat weight (TF), ratio of CW to TF (RCT) and tail type (TT). We identified 7, 6, 7, 2, 10 and 1 SNPs significantly associated with traits TF, CW, RCT, TW, TT and CG, respectively. Their associated genomic regions harboured 42 positional candidate genes. Out of them, 13 candidate genes including SMURF2, FBF1, DTNBP1, SETD7 and RBM11 have been associated with fat metabolism in sheep. The RBM11 gene has already been identified in a previous study on signatures of selection in this specific sheep population. Two more genes, that is, SMARCA5 and GAB1 were associated with body size in sheep. The present study has identified candidate genes that might be implicated in tail fat deposition and body size in sheep.
The clip and the tip: Lessons learned from ablation of atrial fibrillation in patients postpercutaneous mitral valve repair
Authors: Rottner Laura , Lemes Christine , Dotz Inge , Wohlmuth Peter , Schmidt Tobias , Mathew Shibu , Heeger Christian‐H. , Reissmann Bruno , Fink Thomas , Rillig Andreas , Frerker Christian , Ouyang Feifan , Kuck Karl‐Heinz , Metzner Andreas , Maurer Tilman
Published: May 2019

Background

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and higher grade mitral valve regurgitation are often associated. For both, there are interventional therapeutic options such as pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) and percutaneous mitral valve repair (PMVR) using MitraClip.

Objective

This study investigated the feasibility, safety and clinical outcome of AF ablation in patients with prior PMVR.

Methods

This study included patients with symptomatic AF who underwent PVI after prior PMVR at a tertiary care center (14 consecutive patients, group I). A propensity‐score matched group of 42 patients (1:3 matching, group II) without prior valve repair acted as controls.

Results

Acute PVI was achieved in all patients. No difference was found regarding median procedure time (group I: 125.0 [Q1: 120.0; Q3: 176.3] vs group II: 135.0 [120.0; 177.5] minutes; P = 0.87) and median fluoroscopy duration (group I: 17.2 [12.9; 25.9] vs group II: 18.6 [12.3; 25.9] minutes; P = 0.95). In group I, one patient suffered a postprocedural transient ischemic attack. No further major complications occurred (P = 0.25). No periprocedural interference with the MitraClip was noted. The Kaplan‐Meier estimate 18‐month overall arrhythmia‐free survival after the index procedure including a 3‐month blanking period was 64.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 42.1‐99.8%) for the study group and 68.3% (95% CI, 54.6‐85.6%) for the control group P = 0.35). A higher percentage of left atrial tachycardias was observed in the study group (67% vs 12% of patients with any arrhythmia recurrence; P = 0.01).

Conclusion

Catheter ablation of AF in patients with prior PMVR is feasible and safe and results in satisfying clinical outcome.
Transcriptomic analysis reveals cell apoptotic signature modified by heparanase in melanoma cells
Authors: Song Tianyi , Spillmann Dorothe
Published: May 2019

Heparanase has been implicated in many pathological conditions, especially inflammation and cancer, attributed to its degradation of heparan sulfate, a crucial component maintaining the integrity of the extracellular matrix. By silencing the heparanase gene (HPSE) in MDA‐MB‐435s melanoma cells, we investigated the impact of this protein on gene transcription. Transcriptome sequencing yielded a list of 279 differentially expressed genes, of which 140 were up‐regulated and 239 down‐regulated. The 140 up‐regulated genes were classified into a substantial set of gene ontology defined functions, for example, positive regulation of cell death, apoptotic process, response to cytokine, while 239 down‐regulated genes classify only into the two categories: nucleosome and nucleosome assembly. Our focus was drawn to an array of 28 pro‐apoptotic genes regulated by heparanase: real‐time PCR experiments further validated up‐regulation of EGR1, TXNIP, AXL, CYR61, LIMS2 and TNFRSF12A by at least 1.5‐fold, among which EGR1, CYR61, and TNFRSF12A were confirmed on protein level. We demonstrated significantly increased apoptotic cells by TUNEL staining upon HPSE silencing, mediated by activation of caspase 3/PARP1 pathway. The pro‐apoptotic gene expression and observation of apoptosis were extended to another melanoma cell line, MV3 cells, thus consolidating the anti‐apoptosis effect of heparanase in melanoma cells.
EU Rules Beyond its Borders: The Policy‐specific Effects of Transgovernmental Networks and EU Agencies in the European Neighbourhood
Authors: Shyrokykh Karina , Rimkutė Dovilė
Published: May 2019

The European Union (EU) is increasingly involved in its rule advancement outside its borders through a dense net of transgovernmental networks. However, we know little about the effects of these networks. This article assesses the impact of transgovernmental networks across various policy domains in the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) region. Building on a novel longitudinal dataset, we demonstrate that the effects of transgovernmental networks vary across policy sectors. Policies marked by a higher degree of mutual interdependence exhibit greater positive change as a result of denser networks. Meanwhile, the involvement of EU agencies stimulates more intense technical co‐operation and broadens the range of policy areas covered. In doing so, EU agencies serve as bridges for the establishment of strong links between the EU and its neighbours.
Mitral Regurgitation and Prognosis After Non‐ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Very Old Patients
Authors: Díez‐Villanueva Pablo , Vera Alberto , Ariza‐Solé Albert , Alegre Oriol , Formiga Francesc , López‐Palop Ramon , Marín Francisco , Vidán María T. , Martínez‐Sellés Manuel , Salamanca Jorge , Sionis Alessandro , García‐Pardo Héctor , Bueno Héctor , Sanchís Juan , Abu‐Assi Emad , González‐Salvado Violeta , Llaó Isaac , Alfonso Fernando ,   On behalf of the LONGEVO‐SCA Registry Investigators
Published: May 2019

Background/Objetctives

Mitral regurgitation (MR)after an acute coronary syndrome is associated with a poor prognosis. However,the prognostic impact of MR in elderly patients with non‐ST‐segment elevation myocardialinfarction (NSTEMI) has not been well addressed.

Design

Prospective registry.

Setting and participants

The multicenter LONGEVO‐SCA prospective registry included 532 unselected NSTEMI patients aged ≥80 years.

Measurements

MR was quantified using echocardiography during admission in 497 patients. They were classified in two groups: significant (moderate or severe) or not significant MR (absent or mild). We evaluated the impact of MR status on mortality or readmission at 6 months.

Results

Mean age was 84.3±4.1 years, and 308 (61.9%) were males. A total of 108 patients (21.7%) had significant MR. Compared with those without significant MR, they were older and showed worse baseline clinical status, with higher frailty, disability, and risk of malnutrition. They also had lower systolic blood pressure, higher heart rate, worse Killip class, lower left ventricular ejection fraction, and higher pulmonary pressure on admission, as well as more often new onset atrial fibrillation (all p values = 0.001). Patients with significant MR also had higher in‐hospital mortality (4.6% vs. 1.3%, p = 0.04), longer hospital stay (median 8 [5‐12] vs. 6 [4‐10] days, p = 0.002), and higher mortality/readmission at 6 months (hazard ratio 1.54, 95% confidence interval 1.09‐2.18, p = 0.015). However, after adjusting for potential confounders, this last association was not significant.

Conclusions

Significant MR is seen in one fifth of octogenarians with NSTEMI. Patients with significant MR have a poor prognosis, mainly determined by their baseline clinical characteristics. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1641–1648, 2019
Molecular changes in peripheral blood involving osteoarthritic joint remodelling
Authors: Zhang Hong‐Yun , Liu Qian , Liu Jin‐Qiang , Wang Jing , Yang Hong‐Xu , Xu Xiao‐Jie , Xie Mian‐Jiao , Liu Xiao‐Dong , Yu Shi‐Bin , Zhang Mian , Lu Lei , Zhang Jing , Wang Mei‐Qing
Published: May 2019

Biomarkers of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis (OA) remain unknown. The objective was to detect whether molecular biomarkers from peripheral blood leucocytes (PBLs) engage in TMJ OA lesions. Thirty‐four six‐week‐old Sprague Dawley rats were used. The top upregulated gene ontology categories and gene‐fold changes in PBLs were detected by a microarray analysis comparing rats that received 20‐week unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC) treatment with age‐matched controls (n = 4). Twenty weeks of UAC treatment had been reported to induce TMJ OA‐like lesions. The other twenty‐four rats were randomly placed in the UAC and control groups at 12‐ and 20‐week time points (n = 6). The mRNA expression levels of the selected biomarkers derived from the microarray analysis and their protein expression in the alveolar bone and TMJ were detected. The microarray analysis indicated that the three most highly involved genes in PBLs were Egr1, Ephx1 and Il10, which were confirmed by real‐time PCR detection. The increased protein expression levels of the three detected molecules were demonstrated in cartilage and subchondral bone (P < 0.05), and increased levels of EPHX1 were reported in discs (P < 0.05); however, increased levels were not present in the alveolar bone. Immunohistochemistry revealed the increased distribution of EGR1‐positive, EXPH1‐positive and IL10‐positive cells predominantly in the osteochondral interface, with EXPH1 also present in TMJ discs. In conclusion, the increased mRNA expression of Egr1, Ephx1 and Il10 in PBLs may serve as potential biomarkers for developed osteoarthritic lesions relating to osteochondral interface hardness changes induced by dental biomechanical stimulation.
Patients' perceived treatment need owing to temporomandibular disorders and perceptions of related treatment in dentistry—A mixed‐method study
Authors: Fjellman‐Wiklund Anncristine , Näsström Anna , Wänman Anders , Lövgren Anna
Published: May 2019

Background

To easily identify patients who could benefit from a temporomandibular disorder (TMD) examination, three screening questions (3Q/TMD) have been introduced in large parts of Sweden. The questions are related to a TMD diagnosis. However, how the questions relate to a treatment need is unknown.

Objectives

The first aim of the study was to identify predicting factors for perceived treatment need among adult individuals who screened positive to the 3Q/TMD. The second aim was to explore individuals' thoughts and experiences related to treatment of their TMD complaint.

Methods

This mixed‐method study with a case‐control design was conducted in Västerbotten, Sweden, during 2014. Individuals who screened positive to at least one of the 3Q/TMD questions were allocated 3Q‐positives, whereas those with negative answers to all questions were allocated 3Q‐negatives. In total, 300 individuals (140 randomly selected 3Q‐positives, and 160 age‐ and gender‐matched 3Q‐negatives) were included. All individuals answered questions related to treatment need. The answers were analysed in a qualitative approach with qualitative content analysis.

Results

In total, 81% of 3Q‐positives expressed a treatment need related to their TMD symptoms. The perceived treatment need was predicted by frequent pain (Q1) and frequent functional disturbances (Q3). Among the 3Q‐positives, 54% reported mistrust in dentists' ability to treat TMD symptoms. The informants expressed a need for information about their symptoms and possible treatment options.

Conclusion

Affirmative answers to 3Q/TMD were associated with TMD treatment need. Dentists should give advice to patients with TMD symptoms and address their concerns.