bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality of life and patient satisfaction after artificial urinary sphincter
Authors: Kahlon Bhavneet , Baverstock Richard J. , Carlson Kevin V.
Published: October 2016

Background: We assessed satisfaction and quality of life (QOL) inmen with artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) placement.Methods: We identified 39 men who had AUS placement. Aretrospective chart review was conducted. Validated questionnaires,including the International Consultation on IncontinenceQuestionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF), Post-Operative PatientGlobal Impression of Improvement (PGI-I), Incontinence ImpactQuestionnaire-Short Form (IIQ-SF), and Urogenital Distress Index(UDI-SF), were used to measure patient-reported outcome. Globalsatisfaction was also assessed.Results: At chart review, 34 of 39 questionnaires were assessedfor QOL, satisfaction and surgical outcome. Follow-up rangedfrom 7 to 60 months (median = 24 months). Surgical revisionswere required in 6 (17.6%) patients due to infection (1), erosion(1), combined infection and erosion (1), device failure (1) andsecond cuff placement (2). Quality of life was assessed using theIIQ-SF and UDI-SF, with mean scores of 15.4 and 24.8, respectively;these scores indicated a low negative impact on QOL. TheICIQ-SF mean score was 8.2, well below the worst possible score.The number of men using more than 1 pad per day dropped from27 preoperatively to 10 postoperatively. Most patients (31/34)described their urinary condition as better, 2 had no changeand 1 was worse. Most patients (31/34, 91.2%) would be willingto undergo the procedure again, 2 were undecided, and 1would not. Similarly, 28 patients (82.4%) would recommend theprocedure to a friend, 3 respondents would “with reservation,”1 respondent was undecided, and 2 would not recommend theAUS placement.Conclusion: Treatment of urinary incontinence with the AUS hasa positive effect on QOL with high patient satisfaction and reasonablylow complication rates.
Metabolic features of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma: mechanisms and clinical implications
Authors: Pinthus Jehonathan H. Pinthus H. , Whelan Kaitlyn F. , Gallino Daniel , Lu Jian-Ping , Rothschild Nathan
Published: October 2016

Central to the malignant behaviour that endows cancer cells withgrowth advantage is their unique metabolism. Cancer cells canprocess nutrient molecules differently from normal cells and useit to overcome stress imposed on them by various therapies. Thismetabolic conversion is controlled by specific genetic mutationsthat are associated with activation of oncogenes and loss of tumoursuppressor proteins. Understanding these processes is importantas it can lead to the discovery of biomarkers that can predict theaggressiveness of the disease and its response to therapy, and evenmore importantly, to the development of novel therapeutics. A classictumour in this respect is clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Inthis review, we will begin with a brief summary of normal cellularbioenergetic pathways, which will be followed by a descriptionof the characteristic metabolism of glucose and lipids in clear-cellRCC cells and its clinical implications. Data relating to the potentialeffect of dietary nutrients on RCC will also be reviewed alongwith potential therapies targeted at interrupting specific metabolicpathways in clear-cell RCC.Le métabolisme unique des cellules cancéreuses est au coeur ducomportement malin qui leur confère un avantage sur le plan de lacroissance. Les cellules cancéreuses peuvent traiter les moléculesde nutriment différemment des cellules normales et utilisent cesmolécules pour surmonter le stress imposé par les différents traitements.La conversion métabolique est contrôlée par des mutationsgénétiques précises associées à l’activation d’oncogènes et à laperte de protéines de suppression tumorale. Il est important debien saisir ces processus, car leur élucidation peut mener à ladécouverte de biomarqueurs permettant de prédire l’agressivité dela maladie et la réponse au traitement et, fait encore plus important,elle peut mener à la mise au point de nouveaux médicaments. À cetégard, l’hypernéphrome à cellules claires représente une tumeurclassique. Dans cet article, nous commençons par résumer brièvementles voies bioénergétiques cellulaires normales, puis nouspoursuivons avec une description du métabolisme caractéristiquedu glucose et des lipides dans les cellules de l’hypernéphrome àcellules claires et ses répercussions cliniques. Les données associéesà l’effet potentiel des nutriments sur l’hypernéphrome à cellulesclaires seront aussi passées en revue, ainsi que les thérapiesciblées potentielles visant l’interruption de voies métaboliquesparticulières dans l’hypernéphrome à cellules claires.
Carcinosarcoma of the bladder: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Akoluk Arda , Barazani Yagil , Slova Denisa , Shah Sovrin , Tareen Basir
Published: October 2016

Primary osteosarcomas of the bladder account for about 0.04% ofbladder neoplasms. Most of the patients in the literature expiredwithin 6 months and, in almost all of the cases in the literature,radical cystectomy with postoperative chemotherapy was thetreatment choice. A 79-year-old gentleman presented with grosshematuria. Cystoscopy demonstrated a 2- to 3-cm tumour along thelateral wall of the bladder. The tumour was resected incompletelyvia initial transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT), anda second TURBT was subsequently performed to fully resect theresidual mass. Surgical pathology from these 2 resections revealedosteosarcoma with invasion into the muscularis propria. Acystoprostatectomy was performed and final pathologic specimenrevealed high-grade CIS without evidence of residual osteosarcoma.Postoperatively, the patient did not receive chemotherapy orradiation and currently remains disease-free 2 years post-radicalcystectomy. Only 33 well-documented cases of primary osteosarcomaof the bladder have been reported to date. However, thereare only 3 cases in which TURBT resulted in complete resection.
Renal colic and urolithiasis practice patterns in Canada: a survey of Canadian Urological Association members
Authors: Satkunasivam Raj , Keays Melise , Pace Kenneth T.
Published: October 2016

Background: We describe the practice variability of CUA (CanadianUrological Association) members and factors which predict thesepatterns for common stone scenarios.Methods: We asked 308 English- and 52 French-speaking CUAmembers to complete online surveys in their respective languages.We collected demographic information on fellowship training,shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) access, academic setting andwhether they are at a hospital with regionalized surgical services.Respondents indicated their actual as well as ideal treatment forscenarios of renal, proximal and distal ureteric calculi.Results: In total, 131 urologists responded (36% response rate), allof whom treated urolithiasis. Of this number, 17% had endourologyfellowship training, 76% had access to SWL, 42% were at anacademic institution and 66% were at institutions with regionalizedsurgical services. Actual and ideal treatment modalitiesselected for symptomatic, distal and proximal ureteric stones (4,8, 14 mm) were consistent with published guidelines. There werediscrepancies between the use of ureteroscopy and SWL in actualversus ideal scenarios. Actual and ideal practices were congruentfor proximal ureteric stones and asymptomatic renal calculi.In multivariate analysis, respondents were less likely to performureteroscopy on proximal 4- and 8-mm stones if they were at ahospital with regionalized surgical services (OR: 0.097; 95% CI:0.01-0.76, p = 0.03 and OR: 0.330; 95% CI: 0.13-0.83, p = 0.02).Interpretation: There is clinical variability in the managementof urolithiasis in Canada; however, management approaches fallwithin published guidelines. Type of hospital and access to operatingroom resources may affect treatment modality selection.
A feasibility trial of a cognitive-behavioural symptom management program for chronic pelvic pain for men with refractory chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome
Authors: Tripp Dean A. , Nickel J. Curtis , Katz Laura
Published: October 2016

Background: Our objective was to determine the feasibility of acognitive behavioural symptom management program for the acuteimprovement of psychosocial risk factors of diminished quality oflife (QoL) in men suffering from chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvicpain syndrome (CP/CPPS).Materials and Methods: We assessed CP/CPPS symptoms andimpact (i.e., chronic prostatitis symptom index [CPSI] pain, urinary,QoL domains), psychosocial risk factors were assessed at baselineand weekly for 8 weeks. We included the following psychosocialrisk factors: catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale, PCS),mood (Center for Epidemiological Studies in Depression Scale,CES-D), social support (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived SocialSupport, MSPSS) and general pain (McGill Pain Questionnaire).Patient sessions dispute and replace pessimistic thinking withhealth-focused thinking and behaviour.Results: Eleven men completed the psychosocial management program(mean age = 51.3, standard deviaton [SD] = 12.49). MeanCPSI baseline total score was 25.2 (SD = 10.21). Repeated measuresANOVAs showed the program was associated with significantlinear reductions for pain (p = 0.051), disability (p= 0.020)and catastrophizing (p = 0.005), but no changes in depressivesymptoms or social support. The CPSI baseline scores comparedto follow-up scores (n = 8) were significantly reduced (p = 0.007),with CPSI pain (p = 0.015) and QoL impact (p = 0.013) reduced,but not for urinary scores. Correlations between change scores atthe baseline and at 8 weeks for CPSI and psychosocial risk factorsindicated that reductions in catastrophizing were most stronglyassociated with score reductions for the CPSI; these reductions,however, were not significant.Conclusions: The psychosocial management program targets andsignificantly reduces several empirically supported psychosocialrisk factors associated with poorer CP/CPPS outcomes. Psychosocialmanagement for CP/CPPS is feasible, but requires a randomizedcontrolled trial with longitudinal follow-up.
Se rapprocher avec les survivants de la cancer de la prostate
Authors: Siemens D. Robert
Published: October 2016

Editorial-Octobre 2012
Oncocytome de la surrénale : Étude de cas
Authors: Chaari Chiraz , Khabir Abdelmajid , Mnif Hela , Abid Mohamed , Mhiri Mohamed Nabil , Boudawara Tahia Sellami
Published: October 2016

Nous rapportons ici un nouveau cas de cette entité afin de soulignerles caractéristiques anatomocliniques utiles à son identificationet ceci, en vue de la distinguer des corticosurrénalomes, quisont de pronostic nettement plus sombre.We report a case to highlight the clinicopathological characteristicsto identify and distinguish adrenocortical carcinomas.
Pathophysiology of the lower urinary tract and CNS
Authors: Chapple Christopher
Published: October 2016

A number of aspects of neural control are potentially important inthe control of bladder function, including both sensory and motorand peripheral and central pathways. It is likely that a combinationof disorders of both central and peripheral neural mechanisms isimportant in the genesis of urgency and the other symptoms of theoveractive bladder (OAB). Given the number of potential pathwaysinvolved, potential pharmacologic targets for OAB exist in the CNS(central nervous system; cerebral cortex, midbrain, spinal cord)and periphery (LUT; lower urinary tract). Antimuscarinics are stillthe mainstay of OAB treatment, but there are also a number ofother potentially efficacious drugs that may also provide benefitagainst the neurologic components of OAB. This review discussesthe impact of neurological abnormalities on lower urinary tractsymptoms and the potential for treatments targeting these pathwaysto improve symptoms.
A multicentre single-blind randomized controlled trial comparing bipolar and monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate
Authors: Méndez-Probst Carlos E. , Nott Linda , Pautler Stephen E. , Razvi Hassan
Published: October 2016

Introduction: Monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate(TURP) is the gold standard surgical therapy for men with lower urinarytract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Althoughgenerally considered safer, TURP experience is limited in Canada.Methods: Forty-three patients from 5 Canadian centres were randomizedto TURP with either bipolar or monopolar platforms.Patients underwent baseline determinations of American UrologicalAssociation (AUA) symptom score, peak urinary flow rate, postvoidresidual bladder volume and transrectal ultrasound prostatevolume. Primary outcome measures were improvement in AUAsymptom score, quality of life assessment and bother assessment.Secondary outcomes included procedural times, duration of catheterization,length of hospitalization, complications and the degreeof thermal artifact in tissue specimens. Patients were followed for6 months.Results: Twenty-two patients were treated with bipolar and 21 withmonopolar TURP. Preoperative demographics were not statisticallydifferent between groups. Postoperative data collection times wereequivalent in AUA symptom, quality of life, bother and sexualfunction assessments. No differences were observed in the proceduretime (60.7 min, bipolar vs. 47.4, monopolar) or the durationof urethral catheterization (1.5 days, bipolar vs. 1.1, monopolar).More patients in the bipolar group were discharged on the sameday of surgery. There were no differences in the degree of tissuethermal artifact or complication rate.Conclusion: This trial suggests equivalent short-term outcomes formen undergoing monopolar or bipolar TURP.
Simple nephrectomy in a young woman for recurrent pyelonephritis utilizing laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS)
Authors: Preston Mark A. , Watterson James D. , Blew Brian DM
Published: October 2016

Minimally invasive surgery is rapidly evolving due to new technologyand techniques designed to improve patient outcomes. Wereport a case of a young woman with an atrophic kidney secondaryto reflux nephropathy, suffering from recurrent episodes of pyelonephritis.She was treated successfully using laparoendoscopicsingle-site surgery (LESS). We also present a review of the literature.
Emphysematous pyelonephritis with complete duplication of the left urinary tract
Authors: Yamasaki Yasuto , Koga Shigehiko , Minami Yuzo , Sakai Hideki
Published: October 2016

Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a life-threatening bacterialinfection and should be treated rapidly and carefully. We reporta case of EPN with complete duplication of the left urinary tract.A 68-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital complainingof high-grade fever and left flank pain. An abdominal computedtomography scan showed gas was presented in the renal parenchyma,not only the pelvis and ureter. Based on these findings,a diagnosis of left EPN was made. A partial nephrectomy of theaffected left upper pole moiety was performed and the patientunderwent additional medical management. Other 83 cases ofEPN from the Japanese literature were reviewed.
Epididymal germinoma: Reality or myth?
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Shabi , Nagarajan Sri , Koye Bahzad
Published: October 2016

Epididymal tumours are rare, but definite pathological entity. Mosttumours are benign, however, malignant lesions have also beenreported. The common benign tumours are either leiomyomasor adenomatoid tumours. Malignant pathologies include primaryepididymal adenocarcinoma, liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma,malignant fibrous histiocytoma, mesothelioma and lymphoma. Wepresent a case of a 45-year-old male referred urgently for suspectedscrotal mass which on ultrasonography showed a lesion in the leftepididymal head (possible granuloma).
The pattern of prostate cancer local recurrence after radiation and salvage cryoablation
Authors: Ng Chee Kwan , Touma Naji J. , Chalasani Venu , Moussa Madeleine , Downey Donal B. , Chin Joseph L.
Published: October 2016

Objective: We assessed the pattern of local recurrence after salvagecryoablation of the prostate, and the impact of local recurrence onintermediate-term outcome.Methods: One hundred twenty-two patients who underwentsalvage cryoablation were studied after a mean follow-up of 56months. Serial prostate biopsy was carried out after cryoablation.The histopathology of prostate biopsies before and after cryoablationwere compared. The prognostic value of post-cryoablationbiopsy was assessed with the Cox regression method.Results: 23.1% of patients had a positive biopsy for prostate cancerfollowing salvage cryoablation. Most cancer recurrences occurredin the apex (51.5%), base (21.2%) and seminal vesicles (18.2%).The presence of cancer at the base of the prostate was found tobe a prognostic factor for eventual biochemical failure. Overall5-year biochemical disease-free survival (bDFS) was 28%, howeverpatients with cancer at the base of the prostate had a 5-yearbDFS of 0%.Conclusion: Cancer recurrences occurred in areas where aggressivefreezing was avoided as it might result in serious problems (e.g.,urethro-rectal fistula and incontinence). Post-cryoablation biopsiesand the location of persistent disease are of prognostic value.
Screening and identification of specific markers for bladder transitional cell carcinoma from urine urothelial cells with suppressive subtractive hybridization and cDNA microarray
Authors: Guo Baihong , Che Tuanjie , Shi Baoguang , Guo Lijun , Yin Yongsheng , Li Lin , Wang Jinming , Yan Dongwen , Chen Yirong
Published: October 2016

Objective: The objective of this study was to screen and identifydifferentially expressed genes in invasive bladder transitional cellcarcinoma (BTCC).Methods: Voided urine samples were collected from consecutivepatients with BTCC and patients under surveillance for bladdercancer recurrence; voided urine samples from patients with nonmalignantdiseases served as control. We identified the differentiallyexpressed genes by comparing urine samples of bladdercarcinoma to that of the control group with suppressive subtractivehybridization (SSH) and cDNA microarray. The differentiallyexpressed genes were verified by quantitative real-time polymerasechain reaction (QPCR).Results: From the 762 white colonies, a total of 449 positive cloneswere obtained in which 112 were found to be upregulated in BTCC.Sequencing and homology analysis were performed for these 112clonies. The detection rates of some known genes (including IGF-1, human telomerase reverse transcriptase [hTERT], bladder cancerspecific nuclear matrix protein 4 [BLCA-4] and homeobox A13[HOXA13]) for BTCC at the Ta, T1 and >T1 stages were 48%, 90%and 100%, respectively, with a specificity of 85%. The test specificitywas 80% for the 30 control patients with urinary tract infections. Thecombination of BLCA-4 and HOXA13 could distinguish betweenlow- and high-grade tumours, with specificity and sensitivity of 80%.Conclusion: We successfully constructed a reliable SSH library ofBTCC and found that combination detection insulin-like growthfactor 1 (IGF-1), hTERT, BLCA-4 and HOXA13 genes could helpto evaluate BTCC at different stages.
Update on the management of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Aldousari Saad , Kassouf Wassim
Published: October 2016

Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is a heterogeneouspopulation of tumours accounting for 80% of bladder cancers.Over the years, the management of this disease has been changingwith improvements in results and outcomes. In this review,we focus on the latest updates on the management of NMIBC.Le cancer de la vessie sans envahissement musculaire est ungroupe hétérogène de tumeurs représentant 80 % des cancers dela vessie. Au fil des années, la prise en charge de cette maladie aévolué, et les résultats et issues thérapeutiques se sont améliorés.Dans l’article qui suit, nous présentons les plus récents développementsdans la prise en charge de ce type de cancer.
Bladder perforation after immediate postoperative intravesical instillation of mitomycin C
Authors: Lim Darwin , Izawa Jonathan I. , Middlebrook Paul , Chin Joseph L.
Published: October 2016

Intravesical chemotherapy after transurethral resection of a bladdertumour (TURBT) has been observed to significantly decreaserecurrence rates compared to TURBT alone. Though immediatepostoperative intravesical treatment with chemotherapeutic agentsafter transurethral resection for superficial bladder carcinoma isgenerally considered a safe and effective adjunctive therapy indecreasing recurrence rates, its instillation is not always completelyinnocuous. Lately, a more serious complication of bladderperforation associated with immediate instillation of intravesicalmitomycin C (MMC) after TURBT was reported. We reportour own experience of a male patient with bladder perforationafter an early instillation of a single dose of MMC. In this case,systemic toxicity occurred which required intensive care aftersurgical repair.
Laparoscopic cecostomy tube placement in an Indiana pouch
Authors: Delacroix Jr Scott E. , Vanlangendonck Richard , Winters J. Christian
Published: October 2016

A cecostomy tube is normally placed in an Indiana pouch fordrainage and irrigation in the postoperative period. A clinicaldilemma occurs when the cecostomy tube fails or is dislodged inthe early postoperative period. We present the laparoscopic replacementof a cecostomy tube in the immediate postoperative period.
Catastrophic sepsis and hemorrhage following transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsies
Authors: Toren Paul , Razik Roshan , Trachtenberg John
Published: October 2016

We report 2 cases of catastrophic complications following routinetransrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. The first patientincurred near-fatal septic shock due to multi-resistant Escherichiacoli. Due to the severity of his shock, he developed bilateral leggangrene requiring amputations. The second patient incurred significanthemorrhage eventually requiring an emergent generalanesthesia and surgical management to control hemorrhage afterother measures failed. While rare events, these reports emphasizethe caution needed for physicians who routinely order prostatebiopsies.
Laparoscopic pyeloplasty: the updated McMaster University experience
Authors: Dong Jihao , Wong Jaime , Al-Enezi Ahmad , Kapoor Anil , Whelan J. Paul , Piercey Kevin , Matsumoto Edward D.
Published: October 2016

Objective: The open Anderson–Hynes procedure has an overall success rate of 90% for ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP) was developed to reduce morbidity and hospital stay while preserving the excellent results. We report on the results of our experience with laparoscopic pyeloplasty.Methods: Between January 2001 and May 2006, 77 consecutive patients underwent LP performed by one of 4 surgeons at our institution. Patients were reassessed with ultrasound (U/S) or intravenous pyelogram (IVP) at 6 weeks. Diuretic renal scan and U/S or IVP were performed at 6 months, and subsequent follow-up included a U/S or IVP as well as clinical assessment. Patients were assessed for pain and hydronephrosis on radiologic imaging, clearance on diuretic renal scan (T1/2) and differential renal function.Results: We evaluated 73 patients. The mean patient age was 38 years (range 16–71 yr), the mean operating time was 218 minutes (range 110–409 min), and the mean blood loss was 57 mL (range 25–250 mL). Mean hospital stay was 3.0 days (range 2–7 d). The success rate was 90.4%, and failures were mainly due to poor function after surgery (3 patients). Pyelolithotomy was performed concomitantly on 6 patients, which on average extended operative time by 36 minutes.Conclusion: Our success rates are consistent with the LP experience of other centres and are comparable with rates for the open technique. Patients had short hospital stays, and complications were negligible. With experienced surgeons, LP should be the first-line treatment for ureteropelvic junction obstruction.
Postoperative pulmonary edema secondary to rapid fluid injection into the corporal bodies during surgical correction of penile curvature: a rare consequence of artificial erection
Authors: Grober Ethan D. , Shin Eyun-Jung
Published: October 2016

Some experts contend that occlusion of the proximal corpora cavernosalbodies of the penis with a tourniquet or manual compressionduring induction of an artificial erection distorts the penileanatomy and potentially masks proximal curvatures. The currentreport highlights a rare, but potentially morbid, case of postoperativepulmonary edema as a consequence of rapid fluid injectioninto the corporal bodies during surgical correction of penile curvature,in a 48-year-old male with a high-risk cardiac history.
Metastatic ductal carcinoma of the prostate: a rare variant responding to a common treatment
Authors: Kumar Aalok , Mukherjee Som Dave
Published: October 2016

Ductal carcinoma of the prostate is a rare histologic subtype ofprostate carcinoma. It represents 0.4% to 0.8% of all prostatecancers and is associated with a poor prognosis. Given the paucityof cases reported in the literature on ductal prostate carcinoma,little is known about how this cancer responds to cytotoxicchemotherapy. We report the case of a 56-year-old male whopresented to our clinic with hemoptysis, cough and hematuriaand was found to have metastatic ductal carcinoma of the prostate.He was initiated on docetaxel chemotherapy, which has beenpreviously shown to improve overall survival in patients withmetastatic prostate adenocarcinoma, but has never been studiedin this less common subtype of prostate cancer. To the best ofour knowledge, the following is the first reported case of a patientwith metastatic ductal carcinoma of the prostate responding todocetaxel chemotherapy.
Laser photoablation of renal pelvic tumours
Authors: Weber Bryce , McCallum Theresa J. , Tulip John , Moore Ronald B.
Published: October 2016

We evaluated the clinical effects of the Zeiss OPMILAS (Oberkochen, Germany) multi–yttrium–aluminum–garnet (YAG) laser in the treatment of renal pelvic tumours as an alternative to nephroureterectomy. Four patients with evidence of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) in the renal pelvis and a previous history of TCC of the bladder or opposite renal pelvis were treated with the Zeiss OPMILASmulti-YAG laser. Three patients underwent a retrograde ureteroscopic approach and 1 patient required percutaneous resection. Two wave lengths were used:1060 nm continuous coagulative mode and 1440 nm pulsed ablative mode. The patients were followed for 12, 24, 76 and 84 months, respectively. Two patients showed no evidence of recurrence as determined by cystoscopy, retrograde pyelography and selective pelvic urine cytology. One patient experienced a recurrence of TCC requiring subsequent treatment. The ureteroscopic approach was associated with fewer complications and a more rapid recovery, compared with the percutaneous approach. All patients with solitary kidneys avoided dialysis.
Uric acid nephrolithias in the era of noncontrast computed tomography
Authors: Welk Blayne K. , Teichman Joel M.H.
Published: October 2016

We report 2 patients who presented with uric acid renal calculi. Both patients had previously been treated unsuccessfully for their stones with shock wave lithotripsy and were referred to our centre for percutaneous nephrolithomy. We were able to avoid surgery in both cases owing to the recognition of uric acid stone composition despite the calculi being visible on CT scout films.
Two primary seminomas in a patient with polyorchidism
Authors: Ghose Abhijit , Rodrigues Georges , Izawa Jonathan
Published: October 2016

We report the clinical, radiographic and pathological findings of polyorchidismand a right-sided abdominal seminoma found in a 28-year-old man who presentedwith cryptorchidism in childhood and who later underwent an orchiectomyfor a left-sided seminoma. Pathological analysis of the abdominal tumour revealed the existence of a classic seminoma bordered by a rim of non-tumour tissue and remnants of epididymis. We propose that patients who present with cryptorchidism be assessed for polyorchidism as this might be the source of additional primary tumours.
Torsion of bilobed testis and biopsy-proven ipsilateral supernumerary testis in an adolescent
Authors: Beiko Darren , MacNeily Andrew E.
Published: October 2016

Testicular torsion in patients with polyorchidism is rare, with lessthan 20 cases being reported. Bilobed testis has only been reportedonce in the literature to date. We report an interesting case of polyorchidismwith torsion of an ipsilateral bilobed testis. The abnormallooking bilobed infarcted testis was removed, but the smaller viablesupernumerary testis was biopsied and preserved.
Perinephric abscess following uncomplicated ureteroscopy
Authors: Gayed Bishoy A. , Jacobs Bruce L. , Jackman Stephen V.
Published: October 2016

We report the case of a 60-year-old male who presented withleft-sided back pain 1 month after an uncomplicated ureteroscopyand stone-basketing for left 6-mm mid-pole and 4-mm lower polestones.
A case of pararenal angiomyolipoma arising from an existing exophytic angiomyolipoma
Authors: Lipsky Michael , Richardson Ingride , Tareen Bassir
Published: October 2016

A 52-year-old healthy woman with a congenital solitary right kidneypresented with an incidentally found pararenal mass. Computedtomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed an exophyticmass in the right kidney consistent with an angiomyolipoma and anadditional enhancing pararenal mass that contained fatty elements.Differential diagnosis of the mass included liposarcoma and angiomyolipoma.Upon exploration, the exophytic angiomyolipoma wasfound to be contiguous with the pararenal mass via an isthmus offatty tissue. Frozen sections were taken from both masses which confirmedthat both were angiomyolipoma. This is the first case reportedin the literature wherein an angiomyolipoma extended extrarenallyand formed a significantly larger pararenal mass.
Atrophic upper pole of a duplex collecting system masquerading as suprarenal mass: a case study and literature review
Authors: Kavanagh Alex , McAuley Iain , Longpre Michelle , MacNeily Andrew E.
Published: October 2016

The growing use of maternal fetal ultrasound is leading to thediscovery of an increasing number of suprarenal masses. Ourexperience with a cystic suprarenal mass detected on antenatalultrasound is described. Location and radiographic features couldnot rule out the possibility of a cystic neuroblastoma; therefore,surgical resection of the mass was performed. Despite the absenceof common radiologic characteristics, the pathology of the specimenrevealed a non-functioning upper pole of a duplex kidney withcomplete duplication of the collecting system. Neonatal evaluationand management and the differential diagnosis are discussed.
Resection of a staggering 36-cm angiomyolipoma
Authors: Gayed Bishoy A. , Jacobs Bruce L. , Gibbons Erin P. , Hrebinko Ronald L.
Published: October 2016

Angiomyolipomas (AMLs) are benign tumours characterized byfat, smooth muscle and vascular components. Epithelioid AMLis a recognized variant of AML that is comprised of epithelioidsmooth muscle cells. We present a case of a 41-year-old male whopresented with light-headedness, dizziness, right-sided abdominalpain and, on subsequent computed tomography, was found tohave an enormous right kidney mass characteristic of an AML.The patient underwent preoperative selective arterial embolizationfollowed by a right radical nephrectomy. The pathology revealed a36-cm AML with focal epithelioid features. Although uncommon,AMLs can present as enormous retroperitoneal masses.
L’AUC – étendre sa portée
Authors: Chin Joseph L.
Published: October 2016

Nouvelles de l'AUC-Octobre 2012
Spontaneous regression of biopsy proven primary renal cell carcinoma: A case study
Authors: Jawanda Gurswinder Gary , Drachenberg Darrel
Published: October 2016

Spontaneous regression of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a wellrecognized and interesting phenomenon that is poorly understood and rarely documented. There are very few reported cases of spontaneously regressed primary RCC. We present a 63-year-old male with a biopsy-proven RCC that regressed with complete resolution of symptoms.
Residual renal function after partial or radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Chapman David , Moore Ron , Klarenbach Scott , Braam Branko
Published: October 2016

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is often detected incidentally andearly. Currently, open partial nephrectomy and laparoscopic totalnephrectomy form competing technologies. The former is invasive,but nephron-sparing; the other is considered less invasive but withmore loss of renal mass. Traditionally, emphasis has been placedon oncologic outcomes. However, a patient with an excellentoncologic outcome may suffer from morbidity and mortality relatedto renal failure. Animal models with hypertension and diabeticrenal disease indicate accelerated progression of pre-existing diseaseafter nephrectomy. Patients with RCC are older and they havea high prevalence of diabetes and hypertension. The progressionof renal failure may also be accelerated after a nephrectomy. Ouranalysis of the available literature indicates that renal outcomes inRCC patients after surgery are relatively poorly defined. A strategyto systematically evaluate the renal function of patients with RCC,with joint discussion between the nephrologist and the oncologicteam, is strongly advocated.L’hypernéphrome est souvent décelé fortuitement et au stade précoce.Actuellement, la néphrectomie partielle par voie ouverteet la néphrectomie totale par laparoscopie sont des technologiesconcurrentes. Tandis que la première est plus invasive, mais permetl’épargne des néphrons, la seconde est moins invasive maisentraîne une perte plus importante de masse rénale. Par le passé,on a mis l’emphase sur les résultats d’un point de vue oncologique.Cependant, un patient pour qui la chirurgie donne d’excellents résultatsen matière d’élimination de la tumeur pourrait présenter unemorbidité et une mortalité en lien avec une insuffisance rénale. Desmodèles animaux de néphropathie avec hypertension et diabèteindiquent une évolution accélérée des maladies préexistantes aprèsla néphrectomie. Les patients présentant un hypernéphrome sontplus âgés; la prévalence du diabète et de l’hypertension est élevée.L’évolution de l’insuffisance rénale peut aussi être accélérée aprèsla néphrectomie. Notre analyse des articles publiés montre que lesrésultats sur le plan de la fonction rénale après une chirurgie pourtraiter un hypernéphrome sont relativement mal définis. Une stratégiefondée sur une évaluation systématique de la fonction rénale despatients atteints d’hypernéphrome, avec discussion entre le néphrologueet l’équipe de soins oncologiques, est fortement encouragée.
A rare case of carcinoma cuniculatum of the penis in a 55-year-old
Authors: Lau Paul , Chang Hector H. Li , Gomez Jose A , Erdeljan Petar , Srigley John R. , Izawa Jonathan I.
Published: October 2016

Carcinoma cuniculatum of the penis is an extremely rare variant ofsquamous cell carcinoma characterized by an endophytic deeplybranching and burrowing growth pattern. One documented caseseries demonstrated afflicted patients ranging in age from 73-83years with the tumour located on the glans penis, coronal sulcusor foreskin. We report a case of a 55-year-old with disease locatedon the ventral aspect of the shaft of the penis. The tumour wasinvasive into the deep dermal connective tissue, comparativelysuperficial to all previous documented cases. He subsequentlyunderwent a partial penectomy. The case is discussed with a briefreview of the literature.
Artificial urinary sphincter erosion: the role of corticosteroids in an unusual presentation
Authors: Yap Stanley A. , Stone Anthony R.
Published: October 2016

Glucocorticosteroid use has proven beneficial for the managementof many medical conditions. Unfortunately its anti-inflammatoryproperties also profoundly affect many aspects of wound healing.We present a case of an unusual presentation of an artificial urinarysphincter erosion in a patient treated with chronic high-dose steroids.
Primary CNS Tumors and Leptomeningeal, Disseminated and/or Multicentric Disease in Children Treated in Phase II Studies with Antineoplastons A10 and AS2-1
Authors: Burzynski Stanislaw , Janicki Tomasz J , Burzynski Gregory S
Published: October 2016

It is estimated that as many as 30% of patients with primary CNS tumors have leptomeningeal, disseminated, and/or multicentric disease (LDM). These patients respond poorly to conventional therapy. Fifty-seven children with LDM (median age of 7.1 years) were treated in multiple prospective phase II clinical studies of high- and low-grade primary CNS tumors with Antineoplastons A10 and AS2-1 (ANP). Their inclusion in this analysis was based on MRI imaging. Patients with glioblastoma were excluded. The patients received ANP therapy 6 times daily; A10: 8.77 g/kg/d; AS2-1: 0.35 g/kg/d. The response to ANP was monitored by MRIs every 8 weeks. Patients evaluable for efficacy (N = 40) received 12 or more weeks of ANP or developed progressive disease (PD) before 12 weeks. 10 patients (17.5%) achieved an objective response (OR) with 4 (7%) achieving a complete response (CR) and 6 (10.5%) had a partial response (PR). Stable disease (SD) was maintained in 7 patients (12.3%) and PD developed in 23 patients (40.4%). Survival analysis of the 57 children showed 2- and 5-year overall survival (OS) were both 28% while 10- and 15-year OS were both 26%. One of the patients achieving an OR had atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) while nine had low-grade gliomas (LGGs). Grade 3 and 4 toxicities included hypokalemia (14.0%); fatigue, anemia, hypernatremia and leukopenia (3.5% each); diarrhea, hypertension, joint pain, thrombocytopenia, and somnolence (1.8% each). These findings suggest the need for a single-arm, phase II study of ANP in children with LDM.
Students and the Teacher’s Perceptions on Incorporating the Blog Task and Peer Feedback into EFL Writing Classes Through Blogs
Authors: Huang Hsin-Yi Cyndi
Published: October 2016

With the availability of Web 2.0 technologies, blogs have become useful and attractive tools for teachers of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in their writing classes. Learners do not need to understand HTML in order to construct blogs, and the appearance and content can be facilitated via the use of photos, music, and video files (Vurdien, 2013). To provide an authentic and motivating writing environment, a blog task was designed and integrated into three writing courses for 57 applied English or English major students at two southern Taiwan universities. Using the triangulated approach, this study collected data from three different angles (students’ questionnaires, students’ focus group interviews, and the teacher’s observation log) to investigate whether participant perceptions empirically supported the theoretical hypothesis that blogging contributes to writing performance. The findings showed that both the teacher and students had a positive attitude towards the blog task and may indicate that blogging is a useful alternative approach but may also be regular incorporated in writing classes to enhance EFL writing motivation. Nevertheless, blogs may not be the most suitable tool for all types of writing tasks and the most appropriate medium for all components of feedback. The conclusions of this study are consistent with previous findings on the practicality and potential of using blog software to promote peer feedback as well as to facilitate effective writing instruction.
Perceived African American Father’s and Mother’s Involvement on Adult Children’s Mental Health
Authors: Mason Hema O.
Published: October 2016

The current study examined the statistical relations between father’s and mother’s involvement and mental health. In addition, the study explored which parent’s involvement was more strongly correlated with mental health. The impact of parental involvement (i.e., warmth, care, affection and overprotection) on global depression and depressive mood and ideation were of particular importance. Another goal of the study was to use an African American adult child sample to extend the research literature and knowledge about African American parenting and to gauge their involvement from a protective rather than risk perspective. The last goal of the study was to determine through hierarchical regression analysis the unique contribution of each parent’s involvement to the participant’s mental health. The sample included 236 African American participants from a regionally accredited Historically Black College and University (HBCU) in Southwest Georgia. Correlation and regression analyses revealed that father’s and mother’s involvement were related to global depression and depressive mood and ideation. Specifically, father’s and mother’s care was related to lower levels of depression but, father’s and mother’s overprotection was related to higher levels of depression. Additional results revealed that ratings of mother’s involvement was usually stronger than ratings of father’s involvement. Findings from this study, however, points to the importance of African American fathers in the development of their children.
Zika Virus–Associated Micrencephaly: A Thorough Description of Neuropathologic Findings in the Fetal Central Nervous System
Authors: Štrafela Peter , Vizjak Alenka , Mraz Jerica , Mlakar Jernej , Pižem Jože , Tul Nataša , Županc Tatjana Avšič , Popović Mara
Published: October 2016

Context.—The 2015 outbreak of Zika virus in Brazil resulted in a 20-times increased prevalence of congenital microcephaly in stillborns and neonates and was instrumental in raising the suspicion of a causal association between Zika virus and microcephaly.

Objective.—To provide a comprehensive description of the neuropathologic features of congenital Zika virus infection.

Design.—Autopsy evaluation of the brain from a fetus of 32 weeks and 6 days of gestation, with a prenatal diagnosis of microcephaly associated with polymerase chain reaction–confirmed, fetal, Zika virus infection.

Results.—Multiple severe pathology findings were present. These included lissencephaly, except for the occipital lobes, where some pachygyria was observed. Also present was reduction and thinning of white matter, ventriculomegaly of the lateral ventricles, and coalescent calcifications in the cortical-subcortical white matter border associated with glioneuronal outbursting into the subarachnoid space above and heterotopias below. There were small, scattered calcifications in the basal ganglia, with fewer in the white matter and germinal matrix, and none in the cerebellum and brainstem. The cerebellum and pontine base were atrophic because of Wallerian degeneration or maldevelopment of descending tracts and pontocerebellar connections.

Conclusion.—Our findings are in agreement with neuroimaging of Zika virus–associated fetal and infant micrencephalic brains and, to some extent, with neuroimaging of other intrauterine infections causing microcephaly.
Microstructural analysis of an epitaxial AlN thick film/trench-patterned template by three-dimensional reciprocal lattice space mapping technique
Authors: Kamada Shohei , Takeuchi Shotaro , Khan Dinh Thanh , Miyake Hideto , Hiramatsu Kazumasa , Imai Yasuhiko , Kimura Shigeru , Sakai Akira
Published: October 2016

Three-dimensional (3D) lattice plane microstructures were investigated at local regions in an epitaxial AlN thick film grown on a trench-patterned AlN/sapphire template. A 3D reciprocal lattice space mapping technique combined with cross-sectional X-ray microdiffraction using an appropriate Bragg reflection quantitatively revealed the inhomogeneity of the lattice structures in the AlN film without loss of spatial resolution. The results showed a strong correlation of the lattice plane tilt/twist and variations with respect to the void configuration, the patterning structure of the template, and the dislocation morphologies confirmed by transmission electron microscopy.
Reduction in plasma potential by applying negative DC cathode bias in RF magnetron sputtering
Authors: Isomura Masao , Yamada Toshinori , Osuga Kosuke , Shindo Haruo
Published: October 2016

We applied a negative DC bias voltage to the cathode of an RF magnetron sputtering system and successfully reduced the plasma potential in both argon plasma and hydrogen-diluted argon plasma. The crystallinity of the deposited Ge films is improved by increasing the negative DC bias voltage. It is indicated that the reduction in plasma potential is effective for reducing the plasma damage on deposited materials, caused by the electric potential between the plasma and substrates. In addition, the deposition rate is increased by the increased electric potential between the plasma and the cathode owing to the negative DC bias voltage. The present method successfully gives us higher speed and lower damage sputtering deposition. The increased electric potential between the plasma and the cathode suppresses the evacuation of electrons from the plasma and also enhances the generation of secondary electrons on the cathode. These probably suppress the electron loss from the plasma and result in the reduction in plasma potential.
Ecomorphological analysis of the astragalo-calcaneal complex in rodents and inferences of locomotor behaviours in extinct rodent species
Authors: Ginot Samuel , Hautier Lionel , Marivaux Laurent , Vianey-Liaud Monique
Published: October 2016

Studies linking postcranial morphology with locomotion in mammals are common. However, such studies are mostly restricted to caviomorphs in rodents. We present here data from various families, belonging to the three main groups of rodents (Sciuroidea, Myodonta, and Ctenohystrica). The aim of this study is to define morphological indicators for the astragalus and calcaneus, which allow for inferences to be made about the locomotor behaviours in rodents. Several specimens were dissected and described to bridge the myology of the leg with the morphology of the bones of interest. Osteological characters were described, compared, mechanically interpreted, and correlated with a “functional sequence” comprising six categories linked to the lifestyle and locomotion (jumping, cursorial, generalist, fossorial, climber and semi-aquatic). Some character states are typical of some of these categories, especially arboreal climbers, fossorial and “cursorial-jumping” taxa. Such reliable characters might be used to infer locomotor behaviours in extinct species. Linear discriminant analyses (LDAs) were used on a wider sample of species and show that astragalar and calcaneal characters can be used to discriminate the categories among extant species whereasa posterioriinferences on extinct species should be examined with caution.