bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clumped isotope evidence for episodic, rapid flow of fluids in a mineralized fault system in the Peak District, UK
Authors: Dennis Paul F. , Myhill Daniel J. , Marca Alina , Kirk Ruth
Published: October 2018

We have used clumped isotope thermometry to study a fault-hosted hydrothermal calcite vein associated with the Mississippi Valley Type (MVT) mineralization on the Derbyshire Platform in the southern Pennines, UK. This is the first published dataset obtained using a new mass spectrometer, MIRA, optimized for clumped isotope analysis and an associated clumped isotope–temperature calibration. We analysed multiple generations of vein growth at high spatial resolution in two transects across the vein. The vein grew episodically at temperatures between 40 and 100°C. We interpret each episode of growth as being associated with an increasing flux of formation waters from deep sedimentary basins next to the mineralized platform and an accompanying increase in the precipitation temperatures. Heat is conserved in the fluid as it ascends along the fault surface and, thus, flow must have been fast and restricted to short-lived pulses. The flux could have been driven by high pore pressures associated with rapid sedimentation, hydrocarbon generation and diagenesis in the basinal facies of the Visean Bowland–Hodder group. Natural hydraulic fracturing of shale units and failure of capillary seals, possibly triggered by uplift, allowed the release of fluids into aquifers within the sediment pile. The transmission of high pore fluid pressures from the shales to the fault zone, aided by the compressibility of the gas phase in two-phase pore fluids, may have resulted in fault rupture, accompanied by enhanced fracture permeability and rapid fluid flow. Vein growth ceased as pore pressures dissipated. Such behaviour is closely related to a seismic valve type model for mineralization.

Supplementary material:
Details of the methods and equipment are available at
https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.3808329.v9
Private Pareto Optimal Exchange
Authors: Kannan Sampath , Morgenstern Jamie , Rogers Ryan , Roth Aaron
Published: October 2018

We consider the problem of implementing an individually rational, asymptotically Pareto optimal allocation in a barter-exchange economy where agents are endowed with goods and preferences over the goods of others, but may not use money as a medium of exchange. Because one of the most important instantiations of such economies is kidney exchange—where the “input” to the problem consists of sensitive patient medical records—we ask to what extent such exchanges can be carried out while providing formal privacy guarantees to the participants. We show that individually rational allocations cannot achieve any non-trivial approximation to Pareto optimality if carried out under the constraint of differential privacy—or even the relaxation of
joint
-differential privacy, under which it is known that asymptotically optimal allocations can be computed in two sided markets (Hsu et al. STOC 2014). We therefore consider a further relaxation that we call
marginal
-differential privacy—which promises, informally, that the privacy of every agent
i
is protected from every other agent
j
≠
i
so long as
j
does not collude or share allocation information with other agents. We show that under marginal differential privacy, it is possible to compute an individually rational and asymptotically Pareto optimal allocation in such exchange economies.
Axis-Aligned Height-Field Block Decomposition of 3D Shapes
Authors: Muntoni Alessandro , Livesu Marco , Scateni Riccardo , Sheffer Alla , Panozzo Daniele
Published: October 2018

We propose a novel algorithm for decomposing general three-dimensional geometries into a small set of overlap-free
height-field blocks
, volumes enclosed by a flat base and a height-field surface defined with respect to this base. This decomposition is useful for fabrication methodologies such as 3-axis CNC milling, where a single milling pass can only carve a single height-field surface defined with respect to the machine tray but can also benefit other fabrication settings. Computing our desired decomposition requires solving a highly constrained discrete optimization problem, variants of which are known to be NP-hard. We effectively compute a high-quality decomposition by using a two-step process that leverages the unique characteristics of our setup. Specifically, we notice that if the height-field directions are constrained to the major axes, then we can always produce a valid decomposition starting from a suitable surface segmentation. Our method first produces a compact set of large, possibly overlapping, height-field blocks that jointly cover the model surface by recasting this discrete constrained optimization problem as an unconstrained optimization of a continuous function, which allows for an efficient solution. We then cast the computation of an overlap-free, final decomposition as an ordering problem on a graph and solve it via a combination of cycle elimination and topological sorting. The combined algorithm produces a compact set of height-field blocks that jointly describe the input model within a user given tolerance. We demonstrate our method on a range of inputs and showcase a number of real life models manufactured using our technique.
Stochastic Constitutive Relationship of Self‐Compacting Concrete under Uniaxial Compression
Authors: Li Xiao , Shan Zhi , Yu Zhiwu , Gao Jing , Mao Jianfeng
Published: October 2018

Experimental investigations on self‐compacting concrete (SCC) under uniaxial monotonic and cyclic compression taking into account the stochastic constitutive relationship were reported and conducted. By introducing a practical method on plasticity characterization into the fiber bundle‐plastic chain model, a new constitutive model based on the statistic damage approach for describing the stochastic mechanical responses of SCC under uniaxial compression was proposed. The comparison between the experimental results and the predictions demonstrated that the proposed model was able to characterize the salient features for SCC under both uniaxial monotonic and cyclic compression. Furthermore, the stochastic evolution (SE) of SCC under uniaxial compression and a comparison between the SCC and normally vibrated concrete (NVC) in certain aspects were analyzed and discussed; it was concluded that the stochastic constitutive relationship of SCC under compression can be understood by a media process of transition from microscale to macroscale.
A New Approach to Derive Priority Weights from Additive Interval Fuzzy Preference Relations Based on Logarithms
Authors: Kang Xingdang , Hao Wenning , Zhang Hongjun , Qi Xiuli , Yin Chengxiang
Published: October 2018

This paper investigates the consistency definition and the weight-deriving method for additive interval fuzzy preference relations (IFPRs) using a particular characterization based on logarithms. In a recently published paper, a new approach with a parameter is developed to obtain priority weights from fuzzy preference relations (FPRs), then a new consistency definition for the additive IFPRs is defined, and finally linear programming models for deriving interval weights from consistent and inconsistent IFPRs are proposed. However, the discussion of the parameter value is not adequate and the weights obtained by the linear models for inconsistent IFPRs are dependent on alternative labels and not robust to permutations of the decision makers’ judgments. In this paper, we first investigate the value of the parameter more thoroughly and give the closed form solution for the parameter. Then, we design a numerical example to illustrate the drawback of the linear models. Finally, we construct a linear model to derive interval weights from IFPRs based on the additive transitivity based consistency definition. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method, we compare our method to the existing method on three numerical examples. The results show that our method performs better on both consistent and inconsistent IFPRs.
Assessment of Climate Change Impacts on Extreme Precipitation Events: Applications of CMIP5 Climate Projections Statistically Downscaled over South Korea
Authors: Sung Jang Hyun , Eum Hyung-Il , Park Junehyeong , Cho Jaepil
Published: October 2018

Climate change may accelerate the water cycle at a global scale, resulting in more frequent extreme climate events. This study analyzed changes in extreme precipitation events employing climate projections statistically downscaled at a station-space scale in South Korea. Among the CMIP5 climate projections, based on spatial resolution, this study selected 26 climate projections that provide daily precipitation under the representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5. The results show that a 20-year return period of precipitation event during a reference period (1980∼2005) corresponds to a 16.6 yr for 2011 to 2040, 14.1 yr for 2041 to 2070, and 12.8 yr for 2071 to 2100, indicating more frequent extreme maximum daily precipitation may occur in the future. In addition, we found that the probability density functions of the future periods are located out of the 10% confidence interval of the PDF for the reference period. The result indicates that the design standard under the reference climate is not managed to cope with climate change, and accordingly the revision of the design standard is required to improve sustainability in infrastructures.
MHD Peristaltic Flow of Fractional Jeffrey Model through Porous Medium
Authors: Guo Xiaoyi , Zhou Jianwei , Xie Huantian , Jiang Ziwu
Published: October 2018

The magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) peristaltic flow of the fractional Jeffrey fluid through porous medium in a nonuniform channel is presented. The fractional calculus is considered in Darcy’s law and the constitutive relationship which included the relaxation and retardation behavior. Under the assumptions of long wavelength and low Reynolds number, the analysis solutions of velocity distribution, pressure gradient, and pressure rise are investigated. The effects of fractional viscoelastic parameters of the generalized Jeffrey fluid on the peristaltic flow and the influence of magnetic field, porous medium, and geometric parameter of the nonuniform channel are presented through graphical illustration. The results of the analogous flow for the generalized second grade fluid, the fractional Maxwell fluid, are also deduced as special cases. The comparison among them is presented graphically.
Scleroderma Renal Crisis Debute with Thrombotic Microangiopathy: A Successful Case Treated with Eculizumab
Authors: Uriarte Maite Hurtado , Larrarte Carolina , Rey Laura Bravo
Published: October 2018

We had the challenged to treat a 40-year-old female with Systemic Scleroderma who was showing unspecific symptoms. During her time at the hospital she rapidly develops renal dysfunction, associated with hypertension. She required renal replacement therapy initiation and we observed a decline in hemoglobin and platelets numbers. We confirm a microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and rule out other immune diseases or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Systemic Sclerosis is a chronic immune disorder of unknown origin that it is not completely understood. It is believed that environmental factors may contribute and also altered genes may be implicated in the immune system’s function. Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia occurs in 43% of patients who develop scleroderma renal crisis and an activation of the complement system through the classical pathway may be involved. Given that context we decided to treat the patients with C5 blocker Eculizumab and obtain an extraordinary positive response.
Methodology to Evaluate Dripper Sensitivity to Clogging due to Solid Particles: An Assessment
Authors: Lavanholi Rogério , Oliveira Fabricio C. , Camargo Antonio P. de , Frizzone José A. , Molle Bruno , Ait-Mouheb Nassim , Tomas Séverine
Published: October 2018

Emitter clogging is a major problem in microirrigation systems, which may result from the isolated or combined effects of physical, chemical, and biological agents. Clogging caused by suspended solid particles is the most common plugging form of emitters. Water quality and emitter geometry are key aspects in clogging processes. Any suitable test procedure to assess the sensitivity of drippers to clogging should take into account the predominant factors that influence clogging and must reproduce the field conditions. This research set out to assess the performance and suitability of a laboratory clogging test procedure in order to validate a methodology and to provide scientific results that may support the standardization of a clogging test method. The evaluated methodology has been used by the IRSTEA laboratory since 1974 (Platform of Research and experiment on Science and Technology for Irrigation - PReSTI, formerly LERMI) and its contents are currently being discussed by the ISO TC23/SC18 committee. The aim is to define a standardized testing protocol to evaluate the sensitivity of emitters to clogging due to solid particles. Replications analyzing the clogging resistance of four models of emitting pipes were carried out in a laboratory. The clogging test procedure enabled an accurate assessment of the combinations of concentration and size of particles that caused clogging in each model of dripper. However, a significant variability in degree of clogging was identified when the results of replications for each model of dripper were compared. Several requirements, concerns, and improvements related to the clogging test protocol were discussed.
Evidence of Direct Toxicological Effects of Scorpion Venom on Central Nervous System in Tunisian Children
Authors: Bahloul Mabrouk , Souissi Basma , Turki Olfa , Dlela Mariem , Ben Mahfoudh Khaireddine , Bouaziz Mounir
Published: October 2018

Background. Severe scorpion envenomation can lead to severe neurological manifestations, which are an indicator of the severity of the scorpion sting. The direct action of scorpion venom on the central nervous system can explain partly these neurological disorders. Methods and Findings. We report a case of severe scorpion envenomation in 16-month-old boy with no pathological history admitted in ICU for severe scorpion envenomation. The result of cerebral MRI agrees with the hypothesis of direct action of scorpion venom on the central nervous system. Patient had improved; however, he has kept as neurological sequelae language disorders and blindness. The boy was discharged 21 days after ICU admission. Conclusion. Our observation confirms that severe scorpion envenomation can be complicated by severe neurological manifestations. Although one case report is not enough to conclude such important hypothesis regarding the direct effect of scorpion venom on central nervous system (especially that the age of patient is more than one year), our case agrees with this hypothesis.
Evolution Model of Health Food Safety Risk Based on Prospect Theory
Authors: Luo Jun , Ma Baichao , Zhao Yongle , Chen Tingqiang
Published: October 2018

In the growing market of health food, certain disturbances occur, such as uneven quality of products, imitation of health food, prohibited drug content in health food, functional efficacy, and actual disagreement. The safety of health food has attracted wide attention from all walks of life. In this study, we constructed a three-party game model of health food safety risk evolution, which includes health food enterprises, health food consumers, and government regulators, based on prospect theory and evolutionary game method. We also consider the attributes of “trust products” of health food, the ability to identify the safety information of health food, the subjective perception of the efficacy of health food, and the certification effect of the regulatory information of the government supervision department. The influence mechanism of these factors, including the cost of searching for health food information, consumers’ subjective perception of health food efficiency, and the certification effect of supervision departments, on health food safety risk evolution is described using theoretical deduction and simulation analysis. On this basis, the corresponding conclusions are established, which provide a theoretical basis for further exploration of the strategy of health food market governance.
The Patient-Specific Implant Created with 3D Printing Technology in Treatment of the Irreparable Radial Head in Chronic Persistent Elbow Instability
Authors: Luenam Suriya , Kosiyatrakul Arkaphat , Hansudewechakul Chanon , Phakdeewisetkul Kantapat , Lohwongwatana Boonrat , Puncreobutr Chedtha
Published: October 2018

Successful treatment of the chronic persistent elbow instability is a challenge for orthopedic surgeons. In this form, it is important to recognize and restore the osseous stabilizer in order to obtain the concentric reduction. In the present report, we describe a case of such injury with irreparable radial head treated with patient-specific radial head prosthesis which was created with 3D printing technology. To our knowledge, this is the first report in clinical use of this kind of prosthesis for the radial head fracture. At a 24-month follow-up visit, the patient was satisfied with the functional outcomes. The Mayo Elbow Performance Index (MEPI) increased from 20 points at the preoperative day to 85 points, and the patient-based Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) was reduced from 88.33 points to 28.33 points. Due to the favorable result, replacement of the radial head with the patient-specific implant could be a useful treatment for the irreparable radial head in chronic persistent elbow instability.
Postoperative Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura after Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Patel Nick N. , Shah Jason A. , Sadlack Christopher K.
Published: October 2018

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is an uncommon and potentially lethal microangiopathy that carries a >90% mortality rate if not treated urgently and appropriately. Postoperative TTP after orthopaedic procedures is particularly rare with only four case reports existing in the literature. We present the case of postoperative TTP in a 57-year-old female who underwent elective total hip arthroplasty. We believe this case adds to the limited literature surrounding the topic. While rare, TTP after orthopaedic procedures poses a real and potentially fatal condition if not managed appropriately. Therefore, it is essential for orthopaedic surgeons to be cognizant of postoperative TTP for timely diagnosis and treatment.
Mouse Models of Overexpression Reveal Distinct Oncogenic Roles for Different Type I Protein Arginine Methyltransferases
Authors: Bao Jianqiang , Di Lorenzo Alessandra , Lin Kevin , Lu Yue , Zhong Yi , Sebastian Manu M. , Muller William J. , Yang Yanzhong , Bedford Mark T.
Published: October 2018

Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMT) are generally not mutated in diseased states, but they are overexpressed in a number of cancers, including breast cancer. To address the possible roles of PRMT overexpression in mammary gland tumorigenesis, we generated Cre-activated PRMT1, CARM1, and PRMT6 overexpression mouse models. These three enzymes are the primary type I PRMTs and are responsible for the majority of the asymmetric arginine methylation deposited in the cells. Using either a keratin 5-Cre recombinase (K5-Cre) cross or an MMTV-NIC mouse, we investigated the impact of PRMT overexpression alone or in the context of a HER2-driven model of breast cancer, respectively. The overexpression of all three PRMTs induced hyper-branching of the mammary glands and increased Ki-67 staining. When combined with the MMTV-NIC model, these in vivo experiments provided the first genetic evidence implicating elevated levels of these three PRMTs in mammary gland tumorigenesis, albeit with variable degrees of tumor promotion and latency. In addition, these mouse models provided valuable tools for exploring the biological roles and molecular mechanisms of PRMT overexpression in the mammary gland. For example, transcriptome analysis of purified mammary epithelial cells isolated from bigenic NIC-PRMT1Tg and NIC-PRMT6Tg mice revealed a deregulated PI3K–AKT pathway. In the future, these PRMTTg lines can be leveraged to investigate the roles of arginine methylation in other tissues and tumor model systems using different tissue-specific Cre crosses, and they can also be used for testing the in vivo efficacy of small molecule inhibitors that target these PRMT.

Significance:

These findings establish Cre-activated mouse models of three different arginine methyltransferases, PRMT1, CARM1, and PRMT6, which are overexpressed in human cancers, providing a valuable tool for the study of PRMT function in tumorigenesis.

See related commentary by Watson and Bitler, p. 3
Improved Therapeutic Window in BRCA-mutant Tumors with Antibody-linked Pyrrolobenzodiazepine Dimers with and without PARP Inhibition
Authors: Zhong Haihong , Chen Cui , Tammali Ravinder , Breen Shannon , Zhang Jing , Fazenbaker Christine , Kennedy Maureen , Conway James , Higgs Brandon W. , Holoweckyj Nicholas , Raja Rajiv , Harper Jay , Pierce Andrew J. , Herbst Ronald , Tice David A.
Published: October 2018

Pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimers (PBD) form cross-links within the minor groove of DNA causing double-strand breaks (DSB). DNA repair genes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 play important roles in homologous recombination repair of DSB. We hypothesized that PBD-based antibody–drug conjugates (ADC) will have enhanced killing of cells in which homologous recombination processes are defective by inactivation of BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. To support this hypothesis, we found 5T4–PBD, a PBD-dimer conjugated to anti-5T4 antibody, elicited more potent antitumor activity in tumor xenografts that carry defects in DNA repair due to BRCA mutations compared with BRCA wild-type xenografts. To delineate the role of BRCA1/2 mutations in determining sensitivity to PBD, we used siRNA knockdown and isogenic BRCA1/2 knockout models to demonstrate that BRCA deficiency markedly increased cell sensitivity to PBD-based ADCs. To understand the translational potential of treating patients with BRCA deficiency using PBD-based ADCs, we conducted a “mouse clinical trial” on 23 patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models bearing mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2. Of these PDX models, 61% to 74% had tumor stasis or regression when treated with a single dose of 0.3 mg/kg or three fractionated doses of 0.1 mg/kg of a PBD-based ADC. Furthermore, a suboptimal dose of PBD-based ADC in combination with olaparib resulted in significantly improved antitumor effects, was not associated with myelotoxicity, and was well tolerated. In conclusion, PBD-based ADC alone or in combination with a PARP inhibitor may have improved therapeutic window in patients with cancer carrying BRCA mutations.
Systems Genetics Approaches in Rat Identify Novel Genes and Gene Networks Associated With Cardiac Conduction
Authors: Adriaens Michiel E. , Lodder Elisabeth M. , Moreno‐Moral Aida , Šilhavý Jan , Heinig Matthias , Glinge Charlotte , Belterman Charly , Wolswinkel Rianne , Petretto Enrico , Pravenec Michal , Remme Carol Ann , Bezzina Connie R.
Published: October 2018

Background

Electrocardiographic (
ECG
) parameters are regarded as intermediate phenotypes of cardiac arrhythmias. Insight into the genetic underpinnings of these parameters is expected to contribute to the understanding of cardiac arrhythmia mechanisms. Here we used
HXB
/
BXH
recombinant inbred rat strains to uncover genetic loci and candidate genes modulating
ECG
parameters.

Methods and Results

RR
interval,
PR
interval,
QRS
duration, and
QT
c interval were measured from
ECG
s obtained in 6 male rats from each of the 29 available
HXB
/
BXH
recombinant inbred strains. Genes at loci displaying significant
quantitative trait loci (QTL)
effects were prioritized by assessing the presence of protein‐altering variants, and by assessment of
cis
expression
QTL
(
eQTL
) effects and correlation of transcript abundance to the respective trait in the heart. Cardiac
RNA
‐seq data were additionally used to generate gene co‐expression networks.
QTL
analysis of
ECG
parameters identified 2
QTL
for
PR
interval, respectively, on chromosomes 10 and 17. At the chromosome 10
QTL
,
cis
‐
eQTL
effects were identified for
Acbd4
,
Cd300lg
,
Fam171a2
, and
Arhgap27
; the transcript abundance in the heart of these 4 genes was correlated with
PR
interval. At the chromosome 17
QTL
, a
cis
‐
eQTL
was uncovered for
Nhlrc1
candidate gene; the transcript abundance of this gene was also correlated with
PR
interval. Co‐expression analysis furthermore identified 50 gene networks, 6 of which were correlated with
PR
interval or
QRS
duration, both parameters of cardiac conduction.

Conclusions

These newly identified genetic loci and gene networks associated with the
ECG
parameters of cardiac conduction provide a starting point for future studies with the potential of identifying novel mechanisms underlying cardiac electrical function.
Sapropterin Treatment Prevents Congenital Heart Defects Induced by Pregestational Diabetes Mellitus in Mice
Authors: Engineer Anish , Saiyin Tana , Lu Xiangru , Kucey Andrew S. , Urquhart Brad L. , Drysdale Thomas A. , Norozi Kambiz , Feng Qingping
Published: October 2018

Background

Tetrahydrobiopterin is a cofactor of endothelial NO synthase (
eNOS
), which is critical to embryonic heart development. We aimed to study the effects of sapropterin (Kuvan), an orally active synthetic form of tetrahydrobiopterin on
eNOS
uncoupling and congenital heart defects (
CHD
s) induced by pregestational diabetes mellitus in mice.

Methods and Results

Adult female mice were induced to pregestational diabetes mellitus by streptozotocin and bred with normal male mice to produce offspring. Pregnant mice were treated with sapropterin or vehicle during gestation.
CHD
s were identified by histological analysis. Cell proliferation,
eNOS
dimerization, and reactive oxygen species production were assessed in the fetal heart. Pregestational diabetes mellitus results in a spectrum of
CHD
s in their offspring. Oral treatment with sapropterin in the diabetic dams significantly decreased the incidence of
CHD
s from 59% to 27%, and major abnormalities, such as atrioventricular septal defect and double‐outlet right ventricle, were absent in the sapropterin‐treated group. Lineage tracing reveals that pregestational diabetes mellitus results in decreased commitment of second heart field progenitors to the outflow tract, endocardial cushions, and ventricular myocardium of the fetal heart. Notably, decreased cell proliferation and cardiac transcription factor expression induced by maternal diabetes mellitus were normalized with sapropterin treatment. Furthermore, sapropterin administration in the diabetic dams increased
eNOS
dimerization and lowered reactive oxygen species levels in the fetal heart.

Conclusions

Sapropterin treatment in the diabetic mothers improves
eNOS
coupling, increases cell proliferation, and prevents the development of
CHD
s in the offspring. Thus, sapropterin may have therapeutic potential in preventing
CHD
s in pregestational diabetes mellitus.
Yaʿqūb al-Qirqisānī on Human Intellect, Legal Inference, and the Meaning of the Aristotelian Syllogism
Authors: Ravitsky Aviram
Published: October 2018

In the fourth treatise of his legal-theological work Kitāb al-Anwār wa-al-Marāqib, Yaʿqūb al-Qirqisānī analyzes a criticism of the Aristotelian syllogism and its epistemological foundations. Qirqisānī defends Aristotelian logic by quoting a passage from an unknown commentary on Aristotle in which the Aristotelian theory of syllogism is explicated. This paper focuses on the historical, theological, and philosophical meanings of the criticism of the syllogism in Qirqisānī’s discussion and analyzes his interpretation of the syllogism as a source of knowledge that should be applied in the realm of legal reasoning and in the interpretation of biblical law.
A new combination in African Gymnanthes (Euphorbiaceae)
Authors: ESSER HANS-JOACHIM
Published: October 2018

The genus Gymnanthes Swartz (1788: 6, 95), originally considered as Neotropical (Pax & Hoffmann 1912), has recently been expanded to include species from Africa and Asia (Esser 1999, 2001). Previously, the two African species had been included in the separate genus Duvigneaudia Léonard (1959: 15), and were as such revised by Kruijt & Roebers (1996). Léonard (1959) had described the genus because these species were clearly distinct from all other African genera, but he did not compare any Neotropical plants, much like Kruijt & Roebers (1996). Also the World Checklist of Euphorbiaceae (Govaerts et al. 2000) accepted the genus as distinct. However, the African species hardly differ from many species of Neotropical Gymnanthes by any significant characters of the leaves and flowers, and although they have somewhat larger fruits, this does not seem to be sufficient to uphold Duvigneaudia as a separate genus. Therefore both genera were united by Esser (1999, 2001). Within Neotropical Gymnanthes, Duvigneaudia is most similar to the former genus Sarothrostachys Klotzsch (1841) from Brazil.
New names of fossil Berberidaceae
Authors: DOWELD ALEXANDER B.
Published: October 2018

New names are proposed for the fossil taxa of Berberis and Mahonia of the American Tertiary and the European Tertiary (The Palaeoflora Europaea Project). Berberis lanceolata Givul. is renamed Berberis miopannonica nom. nov. (non extant Berberis lanceolata Benth.) and Berberis notata nom. nov. is proposed in place of Berberis ambigua Kovar-Eder & Kvaček (fossil) non Berberis ambigua Ahrendt (extant). Berberis notata nom. nov. is validated in place of Ilex ambigua Unger (fossil) non Ilex ambigua Elliott (extant), which were previously treated as illegitimate Berberis ambigua Kovar-Eder & Kvaček (fossil) non Berberis ambigua Ahrendt (extant). Alloberberis axelrodii sp. nov. is validated instead of the previously invalidly published Mahonia sinuata, lacking holotype designation when published. Alloberberis caeruleomontana nom. nov. is validated to replace Ilex sinuata Chaney & Axelrod non Ilex sinuata Saporta. The following new combinations are proposed: A. aceroides comb. nov., A. bilinica comb. nov., A. lobodonta comb. nov., A. marginata comb. nov., A. obliqua comb. nov., Mahonia boulei comb. nov., M. mahoniiformis comb. nov., M. sphenophylla comb. nov. (replacing nomenclaturally superfluous M. aspera). Furthermore, Juglans melaena is neotypified and Alloberberis aceroides is epitypified.
Contribution to the Trichoptera fauna of the river La Vieja, Bogotá, Colombia (Insecta: Trichoptera)
Authors: MEY WOLFRAM , OSPINA-TORRES RODULFO
Published: October 2018

Investigation of the Trichoptera fauna from the small river La Vieja on the city border of Bogotá yielded a total of 17 species. Nine new species of Trichoptera are described from La Vieja: Atopsyche viejae spec. nov., A. flavoantennata spec. nov., Metrichia trisignata spec. nov., M. longiphallata spec. nov., Smicridea colombosaucia spec. nov., Xiphocentron laviejae spec. nov., Phylloicus monserratensis spec. nov., Marilia bogotaensis spec. nov., and Oecetis chapinera spec. nov. Images of the adults of some species are provided, and the male genitalia are illustrated. The genitalia of three additional species (Hydroptila constricta Bueno-Soria 1984, Polycentropus joergenseni Ulmer 1909, Contulma spec.) are depicted to facilitate their future identifications.
One new species and one new record of the species of the family Comesomatidae (Nematoda: Chromadorida) from the South China Sea
Authors: HUANG MIAN , JIA SUSU , HUANG YONG
Published: October 2018

One new and one known species of the family Comesomatidae were collected from marine sediments in the South China Sea. Cervonema longispicula sp. nov. has stout cephalic setae, elongated and curved spicules with cephalated proximal end, and gubernaculum with hook-like dorsal apophysis that make the new species easily recognizable from the other 18 recorded Cervonema species. Paracomesoma zhangi Huang & Huang, 2018 was redescribed based on more specimens of males and females. These specimens are in accordance with the characteristics of holotype from the East China Sea except having more precloacal supplements (30–39), males slightly smaller (not longer than 1710 µm) and with shorter cephalic setae (not longer than 10 μm).
Description of a new species from the genus Eugoa Walker, 1858 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae) from the Solomon Islands
Authors: BUCSEK KAROL , RINDOŠ MICHAL
Published: October 2018

The genus Eugoa Walker, 1858 belongs to the tribe Lithosiini and occurs across the Old World, excluding the Western Palearctic Region. Currently, it contains around 120 species, most of them distributed across Asia (Bucsek 2016a, b; Dubatolov & Bucsek 2016; Schaus 1922). Ten additional species have been described from Australasia (Bethune-Baker 1904; Rothschild 1915). Since the 19th century, several authors have addressed the taxonomy of the genus Eugoa (Buscek 2008, 2012, 2016a, b; Černý & Bucsek 2014; Hampson 1891, 1898, 1900; Rothschild 1915; Seitz 1914; Van Eecke 1930), but only a few described their habitat preferences (e.g. Holloway 2001). These small to medium sized moths with brown, or brown—cream coloured forewings inhabit a wide range of forest types (e.g. alluvial, dipterocarp, heath, kerangas, etc.) from mangroves and lowland-coastal forests (about 300m asl) up to upper montane forests (about 1500 m asl). Unfortunately, life history data for species in the genus Eugoa still remain unavailable.
Description and development of the tadpole of Rhacophorus feae (Anura; Rhacophoridae)
Authors: KANE DANIEL , MICHAELS CHRISTOPHER J , TAPLEY BENJAMIN
Published: October 2018

The genus Rhacophorus Kuhl & Van Hasselt is currently known to contain 92 species of frogs (Frost 2018), distributed across south and south-east Asia. Rhacophorus feae Boulenger is a large member of this genus and has a seemingly expansive range been recorded from southern Yunnan in China, the Karen hills in Myanmar, northern Thailand, northern Laos and northern Vietnam (Chanard et al. 1999; Orlov et al. 2002; Nguyen et al. 2005; Stuart 2005; Yang 2008). It is currently included in the intrageneric R. dennysi group (Dubois 1986) along with R. duboisi Ohler, Marquis, Swan & Grosjean , R. dennysi Blanford, R. dugritei (David), R. minimus Rao, Wilkinson & Liu, R. hungfuensis Liu & Hu, R. dorsoviridis Bourret, R. nigropunctatus Liu, Hu & Yang, and R. smaragdinus (Blyth).
Processes Controlling Arctic and Antarctic Sea Ice Predictability in the Community Earth System Model
Authors: Ordoñez Ana C. , Bitz Cecilia M. , Blanchard-Wrigglesworth Edward
Published: October 2018

Sea ice predictability is a rapidly growing area of research, with most studies focusing on the Arctic. This study offers new insights by comparing predictability between the Arctic and Antarctic sea ice anomalies, focusing on the effects of regional differences in ice thickness and ocean dynamics. Predictability in simulated regional sea ice area and volume is investigated in long control runs of an Earth system model. Sea ice area predictability in the Arctic agrees with results from other studies, with features of decaying initial persistence and reemergence because of ocean mixed layer processes and memory in thick ice. In pan-Arctic averages, sea ice volume and the area covered by thick ice are the best predictors of September area for lead times greater than 2 months. In the Antarctic, area is generally the best predictor of future area for all times of year. Predictability of area in summer differs between the hemispheres because of unique aspects of the coupling between area and volume. Generally, ice volume only adds to the predictability of summer sea ice area in the Arctic. Predictability patterns vary greatly among different regions of the Arctic but share similar seasonality among regions of the Antarctic. Interactive ocean dynamics influence anomaly reemergence differently in the Antarctic than the Arctic, both for the total and regional area. In the Antarctic, ocean dynamics generally decrease the persistence of area anomalies, reducing predictability. In the Arctic, the presence of ocean dynamics improves ice area predictability, mainly through mixed layer depth variability.
Teleconnection between the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and Sea Level in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Volkov Denis L. , Baringer Molly , Smeed David , Johns William , Landerer Felix W.
Published: October 2018

The Mediterranean Sea can be viewed as a “barometer” of the North Atlantic Ocean, because its sea level responds to oceanic-gyre-scale changes in atmospheric pressure and wind forcing, related to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The climate of the North Atlantic is influenced by the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) as it transports heat from the South Atlantic toward the subpolar North Atlantic. This study reports on a teleconnection between the AMOC transport measured at 26.5°N and the Mediterranean Sea level during 2004–17: a reduced/increased AMOC transport is associated with a higher/lower sea level in the Mediterranean. Processes responsible for this teleconnection are analyzed in detail using available satellite and in situ observations and an atmospheric reanalysis. First, it is shown that on monthly to interannual time scales the AMOC and sea level are both driven by similar NAO-like atmospheric circulation patterns. During a positive/negative NAO state, stronger/weaker trade winds (i) drive northward/southward anomalies of Ekman transport across 26.5°N that directly affect the AMOC and (ii) are associated with westward/eastward winds over the Strait of Gibraltar that force water to flow out of/into the Mediterranean Sea and thus change its average sea level. Second, it is demonstrated that interannual changes in the AMOC transport can lead to thermosteric sea level anomalies near the North Atlantic eastern boundary. These anomalies can (i) reach the Strait of Gibraltar and cause sea level changes in the Mediterranean Sea and (ii) represent a mechanism for negative feedback on the AMOC.
Improving the Quality of Life of Patients With Severe Dysphagia by Surgically Closing the Larynx
Authors: Kimura Yurika , Kishimoto Seiji , Sumi Takuro , Uchiyama Mio , Ohno Keiko , Kobayashi Hitome , Kano Makoto
Published: October 2018

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to elucidate the utility of the Kano method with surgical closure of the larynx by cricoid cartilage removal in improving quality of life in patients with severe dysphagia and their caregivers.

Methods:

Nine patients with severe dysphagia who underwent the Kano method were evaluated for oral intake and activities of daily living using the functional oral intake scale and the Barthel index, respectively, as indices of quality of life. Additionally, nutritional status, inflammation, and postoperative complications were assessed. Furthermore, 7 family caregivers were queried regarding frequency of sputum suction, mood of family caregivers, and postoperative satisfaction.

Results:

Functional oral intake scale and Barthel index scores as well as inflammation improved significantly after surgery ( P < .05). There were no severe complications or other complications requiring surgical intervention. The frequency of sputum suction was reduced postoperatively ( P < .05). The mood of family caregivers was significantly improved and satisfaction level was high postoperatively.

Conclusions:

Surgical closure of the larynx is an appropriate choice for patients with irreversible severe dysphagia and impaired articulation or vocal function because quality of life is improved for both patients and family caregivers and the satisfaction of family caregivers is sufficient.
Process Pattern-Based Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) Fault Detection Using a Potential Function
Authors: Zheng Niannian , Luan Xiaoli , Liu Fei
Published: October 2018

This paper proposes a near-infrared (NIR) fault detection technology based on a process pattern via a potential function. Near-infrared spectroscopy is used to acquire process information at the molecular level. In this study, the process pattern concept is first introduced in the field of process control and a process pattern construction method based on elastic net-PCA is put forth. Next, the potential function discriminant method is applied to distinguish and classify the constructed process pattern and identify the running state of the industrial system. Finally, the proposed method is verified and analyzed using spectra data of the crude oil desalination and dehydration process. Compared with existing fault detection methods, the proposed approach offers the following advantages: (1) potential function discrimination achieves nonlinear process classification with better fault detection accuracy and good visualization performance; (2) fault detection based on NIR spectra is faster with and possesses greater accuracy because it acquires process information from a microscopic molecular perspective; and (3) the process pattern contains more effective process information and can more comprehensively characterize the essential features of processes.
Development of a New Kinetic Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Chromium with an Optical Probe
Authors: Tóth Ján , Bazeľ Yaroslav
Published: October 2018

The aim of this work is the development, optimization, and validation of a new spectrophotometric kinetic method for the determination of dissolved chromium species in water samples with the use of the polymethine dye Astra Phloxine FF. The progress of the chemical reaction was simple, effective, and precisely monitored from the start of the reaction using an optical probe. The method is based on the impact of Cr(VI) concentration on the rate of decrease in the Astra Phloxine FF concentration. The experimental data were evaluated using four experimental data analysis methods, namely with the initial rate method, the average rate method, the fixed time method, and the absorption peak volume change method. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the best results were achieved using the method of the average rate constant for evaluating the experimental data. Using this data evaluation method for the determination of Cr(VI), the LoD was found to be 1.87 µg L–1 and RSD ( n = 6; 0.2 mg L–1 Cr) 3.59%. The presented work was used for the determination of chromium in model samples—CRM material and tap and waste water—and with the calibration line method and the standard additions method.
Contested lands and contentious lines: Land acquisition for the railways in late nineteenth and early twentieth-century Delhi
Authors: Shankar Devika
Published: October 2018

Through a focus on the acquisition of land for the railways in Delhi from 1860 to 1930, this article explores the variegated ways in which people could respond to the threat of forcible acquisition. Scholars have highlighted the extraordinary powers that had been vested in the colonial state through successive Land Acquisition Acts which had made the acquisition of land for ‘public purposes’ incontestable. Railway lines, moreover, first began to be constructed in Delhi at a time when the city was being violently reshaped in the aftermath of the revolt of 1857. The aggressiveness with which the state reorganised the city in the decades following the revolt, therefore, severely restricted the ability of Delhi’s residents to resist the acquisition of their lands, as did the growing rigidity of the legal structure meant to facilitate the acquisition of lands. In such circumstances, the valuation of land became one of the only grounds on which the state’s claims over lands could be challenged by landowners. Beginning with a discussion of some legal disputes over land valuation and compensation from Delhi in the early decades of railway construction, this article goes on to examine how, by the turn of the century, political developments at the local and national levels had begun to allow religious communities to assert collective rights that could place certain lands beyond the reach of the law of acquisition.
Book review: Jon Wilson, India Conquered: Britain’s Raj and the Chaos of Empire
Authors: Gardner Kyle
Published: October 2018

Jon Wilson, India Conquered: Britain’s Raj and the Chaos of Empire, New Delhi: Simon & Schuster, 2016, 564 pp.
Resilience as a moderator of stress and burnout: A study of women social workers in India
Authors: Stanley Selwyn , Buvaneswari G Mettilda , Arumugam Meenakshi
Published: October 2018

It is well acknowledged that social workers encounter a considerable amount of work stress. Besides dealing with service users in complex life situations, social workers in India work in a context characterised by organisational constraints, poor pay scales and larger issues relating to the lack of recognition of, and ambivalence relating to, its status as a profession. This quantitative study explored issues such as the experience of stress, resilience and the professional quality of life in women social workers in Tiruchirappalli, South India, by administering standardised instruments. Implications for intervention have been discussed in the light of the findings.
Multiple refinements to the anaesthetic protocol for laparoscopic orthotopic kidney auto-transplantation in a pig model
Authors: Musk Gabrielle C , Kershaw Helen , He Bulang
Published: October 2018

Fifty-four pigs ( Sus scrofa, Large White cross) from a commercial pig farm were anaesthetised over a six-year period from October 2011. The procedural stages included initial instrumentation for intra-operative monitoring, laparoscopic nephrectomy, preparation of the kidney graft, orthotopic auto-transplantation by either a laparoscopic approach or an open surgical approach, and ligation of the contralateral ureter. During the evolution and establishment of this pig model multiple refinements were introduced: (1) a heat pad was changed to a circulating warm air blanket; (2) routine administration of anticholinesterase and antimuscarinic drugs for reversal of neuromuscular blockade; (3) a technique for urethral catheterisation was developed; (4) ultrasound guidance for placement of a central venous line was learned; (5) intravenous infusions of morphine and ketamine were instituted for a more stable and balanced anaesthetic protocol; and (6) post-operative monitoring was performed by two technical staff for at least the first six hours after extubation of the trachea. The combination of refinements to the anaesthesia protocol for laparoscopic orthotopic kidney auto-transplantation over the first 54 pigs has translated to improved outcomes. This conclusion is entirely subjective as accurate measurement of the impact of each refinement is impossible. Nevertheless, refinement is a continuous process and should be applied to the entire range of procedures involved in animal use for scientific purposes.
Redistribution in an Age of Neoliberalism: Market Economics, ‘Poverty Knowledge’, and the Growth of Working-Age Benefits in Britain, c. 1979–2010
Authors: Sloman Peter
Published: October 2018

The expansion of cash benefits to low-paid workers has been one of the most significant developments in recent UK public policy. Since 1979, transfer payments to working-age households have trebled in real terms, helping to offset increases in wage inequality. Adopting a discursive institutionalist approach, this article argues that the growth of transfer payments partly reflects the influence of what John Kay has called ‘Redistributive Market Liberalism’ – the belief that poverty and inequality are best alleviated through income transfers outside the market. Although its roots can be traced back to the 1940s, Redistributive Market Liberalism came to the fore after 1979 in the context of a reaction against trade union power and renewed confidence in neoclassical microeconomics, and reached its apogee in New Labour’s child poverty strategy. The 2008 financial crisis, however, appears to have disrupted the ascendancy of this free-market philosophy and prompted a return to more interventionist forms of distributional politics.