bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Early Miocene Paleoclimate of Erzhilansay: Interpretation of Climatic Parameters Using Modern Methods
Authors: Zhamangara Aizhan , Akmagambet Shahizada , Nigmatova Saida , Madyarova Ilnura , Kashaganov Kaisar , Zadagali Aizhan , Seidali Arman , Bayshashov Bolat
Published: December 2024

Studying paleoclimatic conditions across geological epochs is essential for understanding climate evolution and its influence on Earth’s biosphere. Leaf macrofossils serve as a crucial data source for reconstructing ancient climates due to their sensitivity to environmental changes. Advanced analytical methods, such as the Climate Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program (CLAMP) and the coexistence approach (CA), enable precise assessment of past climatic parameters using fossilized leaf remains. The Erzhilansay locality, dated to the early Miocene, represents a remarkable site with exceptionally preserved and diverse plant fossils, making it pivotal for paleoclimatic reconstructions. This study reveals that mean annual temperatures and summer temperatures in the early Miocene were relatively stable over millions of years. In contrast, winters were notably milder, exhibiting warmer and more consistent conditions. Precipitation levels were significantly higher, fostering the development of dense vegetation, unlike the arid environment seen today. These findings underscore the importance of employing integrated methodologies to reconstruct ancient climates and interpret geological-scale climate changes. The study also offers critical insights into climate dynamics, supporting the development of strategies to mitigate current environmental challenges.
Bibliometric and Co-Occurrence Study of the Production of Bioethanol and Hydrogen from African Palm Rachis (2003–2023)
Authors: Castillo-Gracia Luis Ángel , Urbina-Suarez Néstor Andrés , González-Delgado Ángel Darío
Published: December 2024

Today, the world is increasingly concerned about energy and environmental challenges, and the search for renewable energy sources has become an unavoidable priority. In this context, Elaeis guineensis (better known as the African oil palm) has been placed in the spotlight due to its great potential and specific characteristics for the production of alternative fuels in the search for sustainable energy solutions. In the present study, bibliometric and co-occurrence analyses are proposed to identify trends, gaps, future directions, and challenges related to the production of bioethanol and hydrogen from oil palm rachis, using VOSviewer v.1.6.20 as a tool to analyze data obtained from SCOPUS. A mapping of several topics related to bioethanol and hydrogen production from oil palm bagasse or rachis is provided, resulting in contributions to the topic under review. It is shown that research is trending towards the use of oil palm rachis as a raw material for hydrogen production, consolidating its position as a promising renewable energy source. The field of hydrogen production from renewable sources has undergone constant evolution, and it is expected to continue growing and playing a significant role in the transition towards cleaner and more sustainable energy sources, potentially involving the adoption of innovative technologies such as solar-powered steam generation. From an economic point of view, developing a circular economy approach to bioethanol and hydrogen production from oil palm rachis and waste management will require innovations in material design, recycling technologies, and the development of effective life cycle strategies that can be evaluated through computer-assisted process simulation. Additionally, the extraction and purification of other gases during the dark fermentation method contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and minimizing energy consumption. Ultimately, the sustainability assessment of bioethanol production processes is crucial, employing various methodologies such as life cycle assessment (LCA), techno-economic analysis, techno-economic resilience, and environmental risk assessment (ERA). This research is original in that it evaluates not only the behavior of the scientific community on these topics over the past 20 years but also examines a less-studied biofuel, namely bioethanol.
An Integrated Model to Prospectively Assess the Environmental Impact of Tourism: Empirical Application to the Earth’s Third Pole National Park
Authors: Xia Jing , Sun Kun , Li Qing , Hou Bing , Yu Peng
Published: December 2024

Sustainable tourism requires preventing the environmental impact (EI) of tourist activities. The predictive assessment of EI at an early stage is conducive to the prevention of EI caused by tourism. To acquire adequate insight into the EI of planned tourist activities and promote EI prevention in advance, this study integrates the Relative Risk Model with the Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix to develop an integrated model that predictively assesses and compares the EIs from different contributors along the EI formation path. To demonstrate the model, a study was conducted in the Earth’s Third Pole National Park. The results of this study show that (1) this model allows for the clear identification and comparison of the characteristics of EI formation across different tourist activities. This allows for defining a priority order for developing different tourist activities in terms of environmental conservation, thereby identifying relatively suitable activities. (2) In different stages of EI formation, the main contributors to EI can be discerned by this model, thereby defining the key targets of EI prevention in the whole EI process. (3) The EIs that different receptors carry can be compared using this model, thereby selecting the main receptors carrying higher EI as principal protected objects. In summary, in tourism development, assessing EI with this method helps predict the EI from different contributors, guide sustainable tourism development, and promote environmental care at an early stage.
Fine-Tuning Biophysical Parameters: Italy’s Methodological Approach to Redefining Areas with Natural Constraints
Authors: Fraschetti Luca , Cardillo Concetta , Fantappiè Maria , Lupia Flavio , Pesce Alessandra , Storti Daniela
Published: December 2024

One of the main challenges faced by many rural areas is the presence of natural constraints, such as climatic conditions, steep slopes, and poor soil quality, which make agricultural production and activities more difficult and costly. In these areas, there is a significant risk of agricultural land abandonment, leading to potential losses in biodiversity, degradation of rural landscapes, desertification, and increased forest fire risk. The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) aims to mitigate these risks through specific payment schemes provided to areas facing natural and other specific constraints. In this context, mapping and measuring territorial differentiation is essential for informing policy responses. At the end of the previous CAP programming period, the EU updated its classification of Less Favored Areas (LFAs), experimenting with a flexible approach based on common biophysical criteria (definitions and thresholds) and methodological guidelines to delineate territorial differentiations that are both locally relevant and comparable across member states. This contribution presents a review of the current state of data and spatial inference systems used in Italy to delineate biophysical limitations and assess the presence of factors that may help offset the impact of natural constraints. This process has supported the analysis of territorial differentiation and highlighted the related implications for agricultural entrepreneurs operating in diverse contexts.
Multi-Stakeholder Networks as Governance Structures and ICT Tools to Boost Blue Biotechnology in Spain
Authors: Argente-Garcia Jesus E. , Bernardeau-Esteller Jaime , Aguilera Cristóbal , Gómez Pinchetti Juan Luis , Semitiel-García María , Skarmeta Gómez Antonio F.
Published: December 2024

Blue Biotechnology (BBt) is a young and promising sector in the Mediterranean region with the potential to drive innovation and strengthen the Blue Economy (BE). However, its progress is constrained by fragmented coordination among stakeholders, impeding policy development and efficient resource management. Under this context, this study investigates the role of networks of diverse stakeholders, particularly the Spanish Blue Biotechnology Hub (BBHub) and a digital tool, ICT Matchmaking Tool (which connects network actors), in addressing these challenges by fostering collaboration, enhancing governance and supporting sustainable innovation. Building on this, the research employed the quadruple helix model (administrations, academia and research, industry and society), engaging 214 individuals from 130 organizations in the BBHub network. A survey assessed participants’ involvement and influence perceptions, followed by the formation of a discussion group “called sherpa group” of 10 key stakeholders for in-depth discussions through semi-structured interviews and meetings. Through this approach, key barriers to BBt and potential solutions for BE sustainable growth in Spain were identified, including regulatory obstacles, limited funding or weak public-private collaboration. Among the solutions proposed were the simplification of administrative processes to create new business, the creation of specific funding opportunities or the implementation of labelling policies to promote BBt products and value chains. Considering these findings, the study demonstrates that the BBHub network and ICT Matchmaking Tool could enhance stakeholder coordination, governance and decision-making processes in Spain. By addressing these gaps, these tools enable collaboration and better coordination among actors, contributing to sustainable marine resource use and innovation in the BBt and BE sector. However, sustained progress requires stable funding and stronger stakeholder commitments. In turn, as a broader implication, this research provides a replicable model for leveraging open innovation and multi-stakeholder frameworks to promote coordination, policy development and sustainable growth in the BBt and BE sectors. Thus, it offers insights into addressing governance challenges in Spain and the Mediterranean, advancing the use of marine bioresources through collaborative approaches.
Substrate Properties, Vegetative Growth, Chlorophyll Content Index and Leaf Mineral Content of Sweet Cherry Maiden Trees as Affected by Rootstock and Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria
Authors: Kolega Šimun , Kos Tomislav , Zorica Marko , Marcelić Šime , Fruk Goran
Published: December 2024

Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is a valuable fruit crop for fresh consumption. Due to its early availability in season, it achieves relatively high prices on the market. Self-fertile cultivar Lapins is one of the world’s leading sweet cherry varieties. Intensive cherry production seeks for new technologies such as using more adaptable rootstocks and microbiological products that could help plants adopt more sustainable growth in different soils/climates. The aim of this work is to determine the substrate properties, vegetative growth, leaf chlorophyll and mineral content of maiden trees grafted on three different rootstocks due to the application of growth-promoting rhizobacteria. A pot experiment was carried out on one-year-old maiden trees of cv. Lapins grafted on SL 64, MaxMa 14 and Gisela 5 and grown in 12 L plant pots filled with commercial substrate. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria Azospirillum brasilense was added by watering the plants with 1.12 g L−1 per pot once a month (T1) or every two months (T2) from March to September with seven treatments in T1 and four treatments in T2. At the same time, control (C) plants were watered with rainwater. Plant height, trunk circumference and leaf chlorophyll content index (CCI) were measured. In addition, shoot growth and internode number were measured in three development stages (BBCH 34, 39 and 91). The substrate and leaf samples were collected and analyzed in the laboratory in accordance with established procedures. Data were processed by ANOVA and the Tukey test. Results have showed that rootstock affected substrate electrical conductivity (EC); nitrate (NO3−), phosphorous (P2O5), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) content, including mineral nitrogen (N) content; tree height, circumference, shoot length and internode number; the leaf chlorophyll content index (CCI); and leaf potassium (K), Ca and Mg content. Furthermore, treatment significantly affected the CCI, average internode length, ammonia (NH4+) and Ca content in the substrate and leaf N, Ca and Mg content. Rhizobacteria A. brasilense can be used as an additional biofertilizer in sustainable agricultural practices for obtaining healthier sweet cherry maiden trees, but microbial biotechnology rules must be respected.
Zooplankton as Indicator of Ecological Status in the Streževo Reservoir (North Macedonia)
Authors: Tomljanović Tea , Tasevska Orhideja , Špoljar Maria , Kostoski Goce , Radanović Ines , Sarafiloska Elizabeta Veljanoska , Patčeva Suzana , Lešoski Jovica , Shumka Spase , Dražina Tvrtko
Published: December 2024

This study examined the ecological status of the Streževo Reservoir in North Macedonia, focusing on zooplankton as an indicator of water quality. Built in 1982, the Streževo Reservoir serves several purposes, including irrigation, water supply, and hydropower generation. The research project investigated the seasonal and vertical variation in zooplankton abundance and biomass as well as the influence of environmental factors. Sampling was conducted seasonally (spring, summer, and autumn) in 2010 and 2011 across the longitudinal profile (epilimnion, metalimnion, and hypolimnion) of the reservoir at three sampling stations: the inflow of the Šemnica River, a central station in open water, and a site near the dam. The Streževo Reservoir is characterized by significantly pronounced seasonal and vertical temperature stratifications. The species diversity of the zooplankton was low, with only 21 taxa identified. Seasonal oscillations in abundance were statistically significant, with maximum values in the summer period and minimum values in spring. The Shannon diversity index displayed the lowest diversity values in the autumn, in the hypolimnion, and the highest values in the summer, in the metalimnion. The RDA analysis showed that temperature was the most important predictor of zooplankton abundance distribution, followed by Chl a concentration and TN. According to the Zooplankton Index of Quality Assessment (Zoo-IQ), during the investigated period the reservoir had good water quality in all three studied seasons, as well as through the whole profile. Overall, the study highlights the importance of zooplankton as an indicator of water quality and provides valuable insights into the ecological status of the Streževo Reservoir. The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive examination of the interconnected dynamics affecting reservoir ecology, particularly as the present study is the first to perform such an analysis for the Streževo Reservoir. It highlights the impacts of thermal stratification on biochemical processes, the seasonal variations in dissolved oxygen and phosphorus levels due to phytoplankton activity, and the influences of temperature on zooplankton diversity and abundance. Furthermore, it introduces the Zoo-IQ index as an innovative tool for assessing water quality through zooplankton analysis, emphasizing its relevance as an early indicator of ecological changes in freshwater systems. Moreover, this multi-faceted approach underscores the complexity of reservoir ecosystems and the importance of proactive management strategies to the mitigation of water quality fluctuations. This study underlines the need for continuous monitoring and proactive management strategies to address the aging of reservoirs.
Modeling and Design of a Grid-Tied Renewable Energy System Exploiting Re-Lift Luo Converter and RNN Based Energy Management
Authors: Paulsamy Kavitha , Karuvelam Subha
Published: December 2024

The significance of the Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) is profound in the current scenario owing to the mounting energy requirements, pressing ecological concerns and the pursuit of transitioning to greener energy alternatives. Thereby, the modeling and design of HRES, encompassing PV–WECS–Battery, which mainly focuses on efficient power conversion and advanced control strategy, is proposed. The voltage gain of the PV system is improved using the Re-lift Luo converter, which offers high efficiency and power density with minimized ripples and power losses. Its voltage lift technique mitigates parasitic effects and delivers improved output voltage for grid synchronization. To control and stabilize the converter output, a Proportional–Integral (PI) controller tuned using a novel hybrid algorithm combining Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) with Hermit Crab Optimization (HCO) is implemented. GWO follows the hunting and leadership characteristics of grey wolves for improved simplicity and robustness. By simulating the shell selection behavior of hermit crabs, the HCO adds diversity to exploitation. Due to these features, the hybrid GWO–HCO algorithm enhances the PI controller’s capability of handling dynamic non-linear systems, generating better control accuracy, and rapid convergence to optimal solutions. Considering the Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS), the PI controller assures improved stability despite fluctuations in wind. A Recurrent Neural Network (RNN)-based battery management system is also incorporated for accurate monitoring and control of the State of Charge (SoC) and the terminal voltage of battery storage. The simulation is conducted in MATLAB Simulink 2021a, and a lab-scale prototype is implemented for real-time validation. The Re-lift Luo converter achieves an efficiency of 97.5% and a voltage gain of 1:10 with reduced oscillations and faster settling time using a Hybrid GWO–HCO–PI controller. Moreover, the THD is reduced to 1.16%, which indicates high power quality and reduced harmonics.
The Roots of Resilience: Strengthening Agricultural Sustainability in Tengger, Indonesia Through Social Capital
Authors: Ambayoen Mas Ayu , Hidayat Kliwon , Yuliati Yayuk , Cahyono Edi Dwi
Published: December 2024

The fact that many mountain communities, including Tengger in Indonesia, face multiple socioecological vulnerabilities, has become a particularly important concept in the context of sustainable development. This paper attempts to analyze how bonding, bridging, and linking forms of social capital support agricultural sustainability in the Tengger region. The data were collected with a qualitative descriptive approach through a case study method, including in-depth interviews with 52 informants, observations, and document analysis across two villages within the region of the Tengger Mountains. Data analysis was facilitated using nVivo software 12 to analyze interactions between social capital dimensions and agricultural sustainability. The results indicate that bonding social capital has the strongest interactions across all aspects (26–29 interactions or 24.6–27.4%), particularly in relation to economic aspects. Bridging social capital shows dominance in socio-economic aspects (24–26 interactions or 22.6–24.6%), while linking social capital has the strongest influence on economic aspects (22 interactions or 20.8%). The findings contribute to the literature on how social capital contributes to agricultural sustainability in mountain communities and provide insights into the development of more effective interventions. This work generally contributes significantly to an in-depth understanding of how social capital works within the resilience and sustainability of farming communities in mountainous areas.
The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Attribution on Socially Responsible Behaviors: The Mediating Role of Meaningfulness of Work
Authors: Choi DaYeon , Lee Insuk , Kang SangHoon , Lee HyunKue
Published: December 2024

This study examines the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Socially Responsible Behaviors (SRBs), with a focus on the mediating effect of Meaningfulness of Work (MOW). Based on cue consistency theory and sensemaking theory, a mediation model was developed and tested using data from South Korean employees. The study found a positive relationship between CSR intrinsic attribution and green behavior, with meaningfulness of work significantly mediating the link between CSR intrinsic attribution and the two socially responsible behaviors (societal behaviors, green behaviors). Contrary to predictions, CSR extrinsic attribution had a positive direct effect on socially responsible behaviors and a positive indirect effect through meaningfulness of work. Despite mixed results, this study enhances understanding of the internal mechanisms linking CSR attributions to socially responsible behaviors, providing practical suggestions for improving CSR initiatives and related HRM policies. Organizations should incorporate employees’ perceptual assessments when designing CSR initiatives, recognizing the critical role of meaningfulness of work in promoting pro-social and pro-environmental behaviors.
Fabrication and Characterization of Pt-Pr6O11 Nano Cathode Electrode for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells via Co-Sputtering Method
Authors: Hong Ki Won , Kwon Ye Rim , Song Dong Kun , Jung Do Yeong , Kang Byung Kyu , Kwon Soon Ki , Ryu Sangbong , Cho Gu Young
Published: December 2024

In this study, the performance and durability of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) were improved using a Pt-Pr6O11 composite electrode fabricated through a co-sputtering technique. Platinum (Pt), widely used as the catalyst material in PEMFCs, often faces stability issues under various electrical load conditions. These issues require greater efforts to enhance PEMFC durability. Various approaches, including replacement of catalyst supports with electrically stable materials (such as metal oxides) or adoption of core-shell and alloy structures to stabilize Pt, have been attempted. In this research, a thin film electrode combining Pr6O11 and Pt was fabricated. Pr6O11, a lanthanide oxide, enhances the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) through strong interactions with Pt, and its multi-valence state contributes to improved durability. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to analyze the composition, morphology, and chemical characteristics of the electrodes. I-V curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopies (EIS) were measured to evaluate electrochemical properties of fuel cells. A cyclic voltammetry (CV) test was conducted to calculate the electrochemical surface area of the cell. As a result, the incorporation of Pr6O11 improved the pristine cell performance by 7.6% and increased performance after degradation testing by 121% compared to Pt-only cases. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the Pt-Pr6O11 composite in enhancing both the initial performance and the durability of PEMFCs.
Product Eco-Design in the Era of the Circular Economy
Authors: Favi Claudio , Marconi Marco
Published: December 2024

The design and development of products for daily use is rapidly changing due to the new constraints derived by the paradigms of sustainability and the circular economy (CE) [...]
Measurement of Soil–Water Characteristic Curve of Vegetative Soil Using Polymer-Based Tensiometer for Maintaining Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Prakoso Widjojo Adi , Hamdany Abdul Halim , Wijaya Martin , Ramadhan Rabbani Isya , Adinegara Aldo Wirastana , Satyanaga Alfrendo , Adiguna Glenn Adriel , Kim Jong
Published: December 2024

The interaction between moisture content and soil suction is commonly represented by a soil–water characteristic curve (SWCC). The direct measurement of water content can be easily achieved, but it usually requires a destructive method where the soil sample needs to be oven-dried. Hence, indirect measurement is commonly employed for monitoring purposes. The limitation of this approach is the variability in water content at the wilting point, particularly for plants in different types of soil. While the moisture content at the wilting point varies greatly, suction at the wilting point is typically around 1500 kPa despite varying slightly depending on the type of plant. However, suction measurement using a normal tensiometer is limited to 100 kPa due to cavitation. Hence, it is not sufficient to cover up to the wilting point. The focus of this paper is the establishment of a polymer-based tensiometer utilizing a 15 bar ceramic disc for the measurement of high suction. The suitability of the polymer-based tensiometer in measuring the soil suction of vegetative soil is conducted by performing a soil–water characteristic curve test on vegetative soil. The SWCC produced from the polymer-based tensiometer is verified using SWCC produced from a centrifuge test. The results show that the SWCCs from both polymer-based tensiometer and centrifuge tests are comparable. Hence, suction measurement using a polymer-based tensiometer is deemed reliable. This advancement in suction measurement technology is crucial for improving irrigation practices, optimizing water use, and enhancing agricultural productivity, which in turn contributes to environmental sustainability by minimizing water waste and ensuring efficient soil management.
Exploring the Influence Mechanisms and Spatial Heterogeneity of Urban Vitality Recovery in the University Fringe Areas of Nanjing
Authors: Cai Zhen , Li Dongxu , Ji Binhe , Liu Huishen , Wang Shougang
Published: December 2024

After the lifting of the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions, urban socio-economic development has been continuously recovering. Researchers’ attention to urban vitality recovery has increased. However, few studies have paid attention to the recovery and driving of urban vitality in university fringe areas. This study aims to address this gap by exploring the driving mechanisms of urban vitality recovery in the university fringe areas using both linear and nonlinear models. The results reveal the following: (1) The recovery of urban vitality in university fringe areas follows a distinct pattern where central urban areas with greater openness recover more rapidly, while university fringe areas farther from the city center with stricter management experience slower recovery. (2) The fitting coefficients of the student enrollment, school area, the density of various POIs, and opening hours are 0.0020, −0.0105, −0.0053, and 0.0041 respectively. These variables exhibit a more pronounced linear relationship, and the significance level is quite high. Recovery effects also express significant spatial heterogeneity. (3) Both university opening hours and school area show a nonlinear positive relationship with the urban vitality recovery of university fringe areas, demonstrating a clear threshold effect. This relationship is characterized by slow growth at lower values, rapid acceleration once a critical threshold is reached, and eventual stabilization at higher values. This study offers targeted strategies for urban planning, fostering more responsive and adaptive urban governance that aligns with the evolving needs of urban development.
Legal and Economic Framework for Carbon Farming and Carbon Certificates in the EU Using the Example of Poland
Authors: Gołasa Piotr , Bieńkowska-Gołasa Wioletta , Cyrek Piotr , Cyrek Magdalena
Published: December 2024

The main objective of this article is to define the current legal and economic framework for conducting activities in the field of carbon farming and the carbon certificate system in Poland. The research was conducted using desk research, and the legal acts in force in the EU and in Poland, as well as planned ones, were analyzed. The statistical data from Eurostat, the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN), Statistics Poland, and The Agency for Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture (ARMA) were analyzed. In the European Union, agriculture is responsible for 11% of all greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, while in Poland, where the vast majority of these emissions are related to animal production, it is responsible for 8.5%. To ensure sustainable growth, it is necessary to reduce GHG emissions from agriculture. Work is underway in the EU to prepare legal regulations specifying the principles of carbon farming and introducing carbon certificates. The shape of this system is not yet precise, disputes within the EU bodies are related to the system of financing carbon farming, and certification principles. The presented assumptions raise great doubts among scientists. However, a voluntary certification system is in operation and starting to be used by Polish farmers. In Poland, from 2023, carbon farming is directly linked to the Strategic Plan for the Common Agricultural Policy, where PLN 2.78 billion has been allocated for the “Carbon farming and nutrient management” eco-scheme, which constitutes 64% of the funds for financing eco-schemes. The carbon farming system requires further strengthening and development. The most important factor was considered to be increasing the involvement of farmers, through appropriate financial incentives and increasing their knowledge. Further research directions should focus on long-term economic aspects in addition to environmental and technical aspects.
Some Remarks on New Trends in Using Waste Aggregates in Civil Engineering: An Overview
Authors: Grabiec Anna M. , Głodkowska Wiesława
Published: December 2024

The extensive development of construction, in which cement concrete remains the key composite, enforces the need for particular environmental concerns. This applies to aspects, including ecological challenges in the cement industry and the rational use of natural construction aggregates. This review article focuses on new trends in the use of waste aggregate, with particular emphasis on concrete recycled aggregate and waste sands. The state of the art was analysed, including many years of own studies on modification of properties of waste aggregate and concrete composites made from it. It was assessed that among possible ways of quality improvement of RCA, the most promising for the macro scale seems to be carbonation, unlike biodeposition. The latter, novel and undoubtedly interesting from a scientific viewpoint, has not been studied sufficiently, and the real obstacle is the cost of its implementation in practice. Multi-recycling, the pioneering proposal of recycled concrete aggregate management, can be viewed only in the ecological context for the moment. The use of waste sands from hydroclassification combined with steel fibres is the closest to implementation for constructional purposes in engineering practice.
Study on the Strength and Microstructure of Coal Gangue Concrete Using Sulfurized CO2 Composite Gas and Steam Carbon Fixation
Authors: Su Huanjie , Wang Hailong , Li Qingfu , Zhang Wengyan
Published: December 2024

Addressing the complex physicochemical properties of coal gangue from typical mining areas in Inner Mongolia, this study focuses on this area’s abundant reserves coupled with the low utilization rate and significant strength variability of ecological slope protection materials. Notably, research on the alkalization–carbonization of coal gangue remains scarce. To bridge this gap, we propose a method leveraging the moisture migration behavior of coal gangue porous media. By utilizing continuous displacement high-temperature steam carbon sequestration enhancement technology, internal moisture is gradually and precisely controlled to induce the formation of high-temperature carbonic acid gas. This process facilitates internal carbon sequestration and effectively locks in the sequestration effect. This approach enables effective loading of sulfurized CO2 composite gases in a reversible manner, achieving passive carbon sequestration driven by moisture migration. Consequently, it enhances the negative carbon content within the aggregates while bolstering their mechanical properties. After alkalization pretreatment with various concentrations and three hours of carbon sequestration, the microhardness of the aggregate surface and transition zone were observed to have increased by 24.3% and 36.4%, respectively. Additionally, the compressive and splitting tensile strengths of coal gangue concrete rose by 4.8 MPa and 0.4 MPa, respectively, while porosity decreased by up to 3.6%, and the proportion of harmful pores dropped from 11.22% to 6.54%. A strong correlation between the proportion of harmless/low-harm pores and strength development was observed. Overall, the high-temperature carbonic acid steam displacement method with sulfurized CO2 composite gases effectively improves the physicochemical properties of coal gangue aggregates and enhances surface activity and hydration in the interface transition zone, meeting the engineering standards for in situ ecological remediation in Inner Mongolia’s mining areas.
Influence of the Neural Network Morphology Symmetry on the Complex Dynamic Objects’ Diagnostics
Authors: Vladov Serhii , Vysotska Victoria , Vasylenko Viktor , Lytvyn Vasyl , Nazarkevych Mariia , Fedevych Olha
Published: December 2024

In this article, to study the influence of neural networks’ morphology symmetry, a mathematical model is developed that considers dynamic symmetry for diagnosing complex dynamic objects. The developed mathematical model includes the symmetric architecture concept with adaptive parameters, according to which the neural network is represented by a function that relates the input data to the diagnostic outputs. A dynamic symmetry function is introduced to the neural networks’ weight change depending on the systems’ state. To achieve symmetric training, the loss function is minimised with regularisation considering deviations from the symmetric state. The theorem “On the symmetric neural network optimisation stability” is formulated and proven, demonstrating the symmetric neural network optimisation stability, which is confirmed by the weights’ stability and the loss functions’ global optimisation, which includes symmetric regularisation, which stabilises the weights and reduces their sensitivity to minor disturbances. It is shown that in the training process, gradient descent with symmetric regularisation contributes to stable convergence and a decrease in weight asymmetry. In this case, an energy function that tends to zero with the optimal weights’ achievement is introduced. The analysis showed that symmetric regularisation minimises the weights’ deviation and prevents their overtraining. It was experimentally established that the optimal regularisation coefficient λ = 1.0 ensures a balance between the models’ symmetry and flexibility, minimising the diagnostic error. The results show that symmetric regularisation contributes to practical training and increases the diagnostic models’ accuracy.
On Certain Fourth-Order Linear Recursive Sequences
Authors: Karadeniz-Gözeri Gül , Sarı Selin , Akgül Pınar
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we introduce a fourth-order linear recursive sequence that is related to the concept of subbalancing numbers. This sequence is constructed by using the third balancing number in the Diophantine equation of subbalancing numbers and is called the sequence of B3-Lucas subbalancing numbers. Motivated by the results for b3-Lucas subbalancing numbers, we obtain several algebraic identities regarding B3-Lucas subbalancing numbers. Furthermore, we derive some algebraic relations between B3-Lucas subbalancing numbers and some other integer sequences.
Scalar Greybody Radiation of “NRIGP” Black Hole
Authors: Kanzi Sara
Published: December 2024

The present paper investigates the greybody radiation of a general metric including the significant black hole parameters. The fraction of Hawking radiation (HR) that succeeds in achieving infinity is known as “greybody radiation” or transmission probability. In this study, the focus is on the black hole parameters by which greybody radiation could be affected, such as electric and magnetic charges “e” and “g”, respectively, cosmological constant “Λ”, and Taub-Nut “l”. In this regard, we use the nonrotating form of the improved Griffiths–Podolsk (NRIGP) metric which contains the factors “Λ,l,e,g”, all in a single metric. This study allows us to observe the behavior of the scalar perturbation and greybody radiation of each indicated parameter in the presence of the other variables. The spacetime around the black hole behaves as a barrier for particles, and the greybody factor strongly depends on the black hole potential barrier. Therefore, we first studied the scalar perturbation and evaluated the actions of the effective potential by the regarded parameters. The depicted figures for variables such as magnetic charge “g” confirm the consistency between the effective potential and the greybody factor. In this area of study, symmetry plays an essential but hidden role. In the current study, we also consider that all the particles around a black hole have the same symmetry.
Thermofluidics in Water-in-Glass Evacuated-Tube Solar Collectors Analysis Based on the Symmetry Conditions of Heat Flux and Tilt Angle
Authors: Mendoza Orbegoso Elder M. , Alcántara Josmell Alva , Verástegui Luis Julca , Bengoa Juan Carlos , Marcelo-Aldana Daniel , La Madrid Olivares Raúl , Kyprianidis Konstantinos G.
Published: December 2024

This research aims to determine the primary thermofluidic correlations describing the thermosiphon effect under idealized steady-state conditions, considering water-in-glass evacuated-tube geometry, tilt angle, and heat flux. A numerical model based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was developed to obtain these correlations for water-in-glass evacuated-tube solar collectors. Initial validation against experimental velocity and temperature profiles was necessary. With a validated CFD model, thermofluidic correlations were determined, expressed as dimensionless parameters such as Re, Gr, and Pr, water-in-glass evacuated-tube dimensions, and tilt angle. Symmetry was exploited in the water-in-glass evacuated-tube geometry for both validation simulations and the development of thermofluidic correlations. Contrary to correlations recorded in the literature, the correlations obtained in this study indicate an increase in water flow and a decrease in mean temperature with increasing tilt angle. These correlations are crucial for the energy–exergy balance formulations used in the analysis and design of such thermal systems.
Research on Si/SiO2 Interfaces Characteristics Under Service Conditions
Authors: Zhang Weida , Yang Yunqi , Chen Dongdong , Zhao Tianlong , Li Di , Yang Yintang
Published: December 2024

Si/SiO2 interfaces, an important functional part of silicon-based devices, are the structures most likely to cause failure. Under external load in the service state, Si/SiO2 interfaces can degrade in different forms, and they can change from an ideal symmetrical structure to an asymmetric structure with defects. To systematically analyze the Si/SiO2 interface, the research methods of microstructure, including characterization and modeling, are first introduced. Then, the effects of irradiation, high field stress, mechanical stress, and high temperature on Si/SiO2 interfaces are studied. Chemical bonds, conductive band structure, and interface roughness can be changed under high field and mechanical stress loads. In addition, defect initiation and impurity migration may occur due to irradiation and temperature loads, which can lead to the failure of devices. Under multiple types of loads, the degradation mechanisms are complex, and the interfaces become more sensitive, which makes investigations into interface degradation laws difficult. For improving the reliability of devices, a systematic analysis of the influence on Si/SiO2 interfaces under complex loads is summarized.
Numerical Study of Carreau Fluid Flow in Symmetrically Branched Tubes
Authors: Pepe Vinicius , Miguel Antonio F. , Zinani Flávia , Rocha Luiz
Published: December 2024

The non-Newtonian Carreau fluid model is a suitable model for pseudoplastic fluids and can be used to characterize fluids not so different from biological fluids, such as the blood, and fluids involved in geological processes, such as lava and magma. These fluids are frequently conveyed by complex flow structures, which consist of a network of channels that allow the fluid to flow from one place (source or sink) to a variety of locations or vice versa. These flow networks are not randomly arranged but show self-similarity at different spatial scales. Our work focuses on the design of self-similar branched flow networks that look the same on any scale. The flow is incompressible and stationary with a viscosity following the Carreau model, which is important for the study of complex flow systems. The flow division ratios, the flow resistances at different scales, and the geometric size ratios for maximum flow access are studied, based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). A special emphasis is placed on investigating the possible incidence of flow asymmetry in these symmetric networks. Our results show that asymmetries may occur for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids and shear-thinning fluids most affect performance results. The lowest flow resistance occurs when the diameters of the parent and daughter ducts are equal, and the more uniform distribution of flow resistance occurs for a ratio between the diameters of the parent and daughter ducts equal to 0.75. Resistances for non-Newtonian fluids are 4.8 to 5.6 times greater than for Newtonian fluids at Reynolds numbers of 100 and 250, respectively. For the design of engineering systems and the assessment of biological systems, it is recommended that the findings presented are taken into account.
Numerical Validation of Certain Cubic–Quartic Optical Structures Associated with the Class of Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation
Authors: Almalki Afrah M. , AlQarni Alyaa A. , Bakodah Huda O. , Alshaery Aisha A.
Published: December 2024

This study presents a comprehensive investigation of cubic–quartic solitons within birefringent optical fibers, focusing on the effects of the Kerr law on the refractive index. The researchers have derived soliton solutions analytically using the sine-Gordon function technique. To validate their analytical results, the study employs the improved Adomian decomposition method, a numerical technique known for its efficiency and accuracy in solving nonlinear problems. This method effectively approximates solutions while minimizing computational errors, allowing for reliable numerical simulations that corroborate the analytical findings. The insights gained from this research contribute to a deeper understanding of the symmetry properties involved in nonlinear wave propagation in optical fibers. The study highlights the significant role of nonlinearities in shaping the behavior of waves within these systems. The use of proposed method not only serves as a checking mechanism for the sine-Gordon solutions but also illustrates its potential applicability to other nonlinear systems exhibiting complex symmetry behaviors. This versatility could lead to new exploration fronts in nonlinear optics and photonics, expanding the toolkit available for researchers in these rapidly evolving fields.
Hybrid MCDM-FMEA Model for Process Optimization: A Case Study in Furniture Manufacturing
Authors: Klarić Kristina , Perić Ivana , Vukman Karla , Papić Fran , Klarić Miljenko , Grošelj Petra
Published: December 2024

The furniture-manufacturing industry is pressured to improve quality, productivity, and profitability, particularly within increasingly volatile market conditions. This study is focused on the development of methods for optimizing production processes in a furniture-manufacturing company through the application of an integrated risk management framework. By integrating Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) with advanced multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques, specifically fuzzy AHP, fuzzy TOPSIS, and fuzzy WINGS, a hybrid model is developed to identify, prioritize, and address critical failure points while accounting for complex interdependencies. Significant failure modes, such as order inaccuracies and delivery delays, are revealed as key findings and are found to notably affect productivity and customer satisfaction. The proposed model’s ability to capture cascading effects and a nuanced prioritization enables a more precise risk assessment, thereby supporting resilience and process efficiency in the furniture-manufacturing sector. This approach is shown to not only optimize production but also provide a foundation for applying such hybrid models in other industries to manage sector-specific interdependencies effectively.
CSR Investment Strategy for Live-Streaming Supply Chain Considering Consumer Preference
Authors: Qi Guohu , Sun Suqin , Zhang Xuemei , Liu Zhi , Tang Juan
Published: December 2024

Live streaming has been widely used by enterprises to motivate consumers in real-time interactions. However, live streamers’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been overlooked in existing studies. This paper examines the CSR investment strategy for the brand owner and live streamer considering the effect of consumer preference and power structure within live-streaming supply chains (LSSCs). To achieve this objective, we develop different Stackelberg game models to examine CSR investment strategy in an LSSC by focusing on whether either firm can be the LSSC leader or invest in CSR. Additionally, the impact of CSR investment strategy on consumers and both firms of LSSC investing in CSR are analyzed. Our findings reveal that regardless of who the LSSC leader or CSR investor is, CSR investment benefits both LSSC firms, and the LSSC leader (brand owner or live streamer) always benefits more from investing in CSR. However, the LSSC follower investing in CSR benefits consumers. Moreover, either one of the LSSC firms prefers the other firm to invest in CSR when consumer sensitivity is low; otherwise, it prefers investing in CSR by itself. Finally, our research highlights that both firms investing in CSR can achieve win-win outcomes for LSSC members and consumers. These findings provide implications for LSSC firms in CSR investment strategies considering different consumer preferences.