bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes of pregnant mothers with syphilis based on a logistic regression model: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhang Yu-Wei , Liu Man-Yu , Yu Xing-Hao , He Xiu-Yu , Song Wei , Liu Xiao , Ma Ya-Na
Published: September 2023

Objective

Maternal syphilis could cause serious consequences. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for maternal syphilis in order to predict an individual's risk of developing adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs).

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted on 768 pregnant women with syphilis. A questionnaire was completed and data analyzed. The data was divided into a training set and a testing set. Using logistic regression to establish predictive models in the training set, and its predictive performance was evaluated in the testing set. The probability of APOs occurrence is presented through a nomogram.

Results

Compared with the APOs group, pregnant women in the non-APOs group participated in a longer treatment course. Course, time of the first antenatal care, gestation week at syphilis diagnosis, and gestation age at delivery in weeks were independent predictors of APOs, and they were used to establish the nomogram.

Conclusions

Our study investigated the impact of various characteristics of syphilis pregnant women on pregnancy outcomes and established a prediction model of APOs in Suzhou. The incidence of APOs can be reduced by controlling for these risk factors.
Constraints to maternal healthcare access among pastoral communities in the Darussalam area of Mudug region, Somalia “a qualitative study”
Authors: Duale Hodan A. , Farah Abdiqani , Salad Abdi , Gele Sumaya , Gele Abdi
Published: September 2023

Background

While countries embrace efforts to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) goal 3.1 (to reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030 and end preventable deaths of new-borns and children), an estimated 2.5 million pastoralists in Somalia are struggling to access maternal and child healthcare services. Institutional delivery and access to antenatal care remained to be a challenge in Somalia, where pastoralism is a common means of livelihood. The aim of this study is to explore the maternal health services available for settled pastoralists (transhumant) and their families who still practice nomadic pastoralism in the Mudug region of Somalia.

Methods

A qualitative study, including 14 interviews and one FGD, was conducted in Darussalam village (a transhumant village along the border between Somalia and Ethiopia), Puntland State, from December 2022 to January 2023. The study participants were community members who support the maternal and child health clinic (MCH), village administration, and health providers.

Results

We found that the efficiency of the health facilities that serve for pastoralist women and children are hampered by staff-related, supply-related, patients-related and referral-related constraints. This study highlights that the absence of essential supplies, the unmet need for training among the staff as well as the absence of important facilities in the MCH such as ambulance and blood bags.

Conclusion

Numerous strides could be made in the provision of affordable maternal healthcare to pastoralist communities in Darussalam areas of the Mudug region when organizations that support health care in Somalia and the Ministry of Health include pastoralists’ healthcare in their priorities.
Young, Black/African American, and Latino communities are left behind despite legislative efforts in California to reduce HIV/STI disparities
Authors: Gaines Tommi L. , Werb Dan , Harris Orlando
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Sexually transmitted infections (STI) have been on the rise in the United States with racial/ethnic minority groups, gay and bisexual men, and youth experiencing the highest STI and HIV infection rates. In 2022, California became the first state in the nation to pass legislation, Senate Bill 306 (SB 306), requiring health care plans to cover the costs of home test kits for STIs, including HIV. This study examines provisions within SB 306 and its potential to reduce STI and HIV disparities among key demographic groups and geographic regions within California.

Study design

Ecological cross-sectional study involving 58 California counties.

Methods

Descriptive statistics and choropleth maps compared HIV/STI prevalence rates, uninsured rates, demographic composition, and healthcare provider coverage across California counties. Three geographically weighted Poisson regression analyses were conducted to separately examine the association between proportion of uninsured and HIV, gonorrhea, and chlamydia prevalence rates.

Results

HIV/STI rates were significantly and positively associated with the proportion of uninsured residents in Central and Southern California counties. These counties had a higher proportion of demographic groups vulnerable to HIV/STI including a large Latino, Black/African American, and younger (age 15–24) population but had a lower rate of healthcare providers with prescription authority for home testing kits, which is a requirement under SB 306.

Conclusions

Cutting-edge solutions are needed to stem the rising tide of new STI and HIV infections. While SB 306 is novel and innovative in intent, its coverage gaps will increase disparities and inequities among historically underserved populations.
Bacillus velezensis and Paenibacillus peoriae Strains Effective as Biocontrol Agents against Xanthomonas Bacterial Spot
Authors: Olishevska Snizhana , Nickzad Arvin , Restieri Concetta , Dagher Fadi , Luo Yan , Zheng Jie , Déziel Eric
Published: September 2023

Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the Xanthomonas genus include plant pathogens representing a major challenge in the field of agriculture for a wide variety of economically important crops, such as tomato, pepper, and lettuce. Due to the massive usage of agrochemicals, Xanthomonas spp. are developing resistance to copper pesticides typically used to control microbial infections. An interesting alternative approach to control bacterial phytopathogens consists of using eco-friendly biocontrol agents, often beneficial microorganisms. Here, following the targeted, broad-spectrum screening of thousands of microorganisms isolated from different environmental locations, we isolated Bacillus velezensis strain 71 and Paenibacillus peoriae strain To99 displaying potent antagonistic activity against Xanthomonas spp. We found that oxydifficidin and polymyxin A secreted by B. velezensis 71 and P. peoriae To99, respectively, are mainly responsible for the anti-Xanthomonas activity. We further evaluated the performance of cell suspensions and cell-free supernatants of these isolates in controlling tomato bacterial spot disease in growth chamber and greenhouse conditions to validate the in vitro results. The overall results demonstrate the potential of treatments based on the secondary metabolites from both isolates and their cells as an alternative to copper-based chemicals to control leaf spot diseases caused by Xanthomonas spp. phytopathogens.
Super-Resolution Imaging of Neuronal Structures with Structured Illumination Microscopy
Authors: Paul Tristan C. , Johnson Karl A. , Hagen Guy M.
Published: September 2023

Super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (SR-SIM) is an optical fluorescence microscopy method which is suitable for imaging a wide variety of cells and tissues in biological and biomedical research. Typically, SIM methods use high spatial frequency illumination patterns generated by laser interference. This approach provides high resolution but is limited to thin samples such as cultured cells. Using a different strategy for processing raw data and coarser illumination patterns, we imaged through a 150-micrometer-thick coronal section of a mouse brain expressing GFP in a subset of neurons. The resolution reached 144 nm, an improvement of 1.7-fold beyond conventional widefield imaging.
Mass Transfer Enhancement in High-Solids Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes: A Review
Authors: Gao Qingwei , Li Lili , Wang Kun , Zhao Qingliang
Published: September 2023

The increasing global population and urbanization have led to a pressing need for effective solutions to manage the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW). High-solids anaerobic digestion (HS-AD) has garnered attention as a sustainable technology that offers reduced water demand and energy consumption, and an increased biogas production rate. However, challenges such as rheology complexities and slow mass transfer hinder its widespread application. To address these limitations, this review emphasizes the importance of process optimization and the mass transfer enhancement of HS-AD, and summarizes various strategies for enhancing mass transfer in the field of HS-AD for the OFMSW, including substrate pretreatments, mixing strategies, and the addition of biochar. Additionally, the incorporation of innovative reactor designs, substrate pretreatment, the use of advanced modeling and simulation techniques, and the novel conductive materials need to be investigated in future studies to promote a better coupling between mass transfer and methane production. This review provides support and guidance to promote HS-AD technology as a more viable solution for sustainable waste management and resource recovery.
Cellular and Molecular Processes in Wound Healing
Authors: Fernández-Guarino Montserrat , Hernández-Bule Maria Luisa , Bacci Stefano
Published: September 2023

This review summarizes the recent knowledge of the cellular and molecular processes that occur during wound healing. However, these biological mechanisms have yet to be defined in detail; this is demonstrated by the fact that alterations of events to pathological states, such as keloids, consisting of the excessive formation of scars, have consequences yet to be defined in detail. Attention is also dedicated to new therapies proposed for these kinds of pathologies. Awareness of these scientific problems is important for experts of various disciplines who are confronted with these kinds of presentations daily.
RNF126, 168 and CUL1: The Potential Utilization of Multi-Functional E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in Genome Maintenance for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Chang Hae Ryung
Published: September 2023

Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification (PTM) that is involved in proteolysis, protein–protein interaction, and signal transduction. Accumulation of mutations and genomic instability are characteristic of cancer cells, and dysfunction of the ubiquitin pathway can contribute to abnormal cell physiology. Because mutations can be critical for cells, DNA damage repair, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis are pathways that are in close communication to maintain genomic integrity. Uncontrolled cell proliferation due to abnormal processes is a hallmark of cancer, and mutations, changes in expression levels, and other alterations of ubiquitination factors are often involved. Here, three E3 ubiquitin ligases will be reviewed in detail. RNF126, RNF168 and CUL1 are involved in DNA damage response (DDR), DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair, cell cycle regulation, and ultimately, cancer cell proliferation control. Their involvement in multiple cellular pathways makes them an attractive candidate for cancer-targeting therapy. Functional studies of these E3 ligases have increased over the years, and their significance in cancer is well reported. There are continuous efforts to develop drugs targeting the ubiquitin pathway for anticancer therapy, which opens up the possibility for these E3 ligases to be evaluated for their potential as a target protein for anticancer therapy.
Volumetric Differences in Cerebellum and Brainstem in Patients with Migraine: A UK Biobank Study
Authors: Affatato Oreste , Rukh Gull , Schiöth Helgi Birgir , Mwinyi Jessica
Published: September 2023

Background: The cerebellum and the brainstem are two brain structures involved in pain processing and modulation that have also been associated with migraine pathophysiology. The aim of this study was to investigate possible associations between the morphology of the cerebellum and brainstem and migraine, focusing on gray matter differences in these brain areas. Methods: The analyses were based on data from 712 individuals with migraine and 45,681 healthy controls from the UK Biobank study. Generalized linear models were used to estimate the mean gray matter volumetric differences in the brainstem and the cerebellum. The models were adjusted for important biological covariates such as BMI, age, sex, total brain volume, diastolic blood pressure, alcohol intake frequency, current tobacco smoking, assessment center, material deprivation, ethnic background, and a wide variety of health conditions. Secondary analyses investigated volumetric correlation between cerebellar sub-regions. Results: We found larger gray matter volumes in the cerebellar sub-regions V (mean difference: 72 mm3, 95% CI [13, 132]), crus I (mean difference: 259 mm3, 95% CI [9, 510]), VIIIa (mean difference: 120 mm3, 95% CI [0.9, 238]), and X (mean difference: 14 mm3, 95% CI [1, 27]). Conclusions: Individuals with migraine show larger gray matter volumes in several cerebellar sub-regions than controls. These findings support the hypothesis that the cerebellum plays a role in the pathophysiology of migraine.
Comparison of the Eggshell and the Porcine Pericardium Membranes for Guided Tissue Regeneration Applications
Authors: Opris Horia , Baciut Mihaela , Moldovan Marioara , Cuc Stanca , Petean Ioan , Opris Daiana , Bran Simion , Onisor Florin Gligor , Armenea Gabriel , Baciut Grigore
Published: September 2023

Guided bone regeneration is frequently used to reconstruct the alveolar bone to rehabilitate the mastication using dental implants. The purpose of this article is to research the properties of eggshell membrane (ESM) and its potential application in tissue engineering. The study focuses on the structural, mechanical, and histological characteristics of ESM extracted from Gallus domesticus eggs and to compare them to a commercially available porcine pericardium membrane (Jason® membrane, botiss biomaterials GmbH, Zossen, Germany). Thus, histology was performed on the ESM, and a comparison of the microstructure through scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) was conducted. Also, mechanical tensile strength was evaluated. Samples of ESM were prepared and treated with alcohol for fixation and disinfection. Histological analysis revealed that the ESM architecture is constituted out of loose collagen fibers. However, due to the random arrangement of collagen fibers within the membrane, it might not be an effective barrier and occlusive barrier. Comparative analyses were performed between the ESM and the AFM examinations and demonstrated differences in the surface topography and mechanical properties between the two membranes. The ESM exhibited rougher surfaces and weaker mechanical cohesion attributed to its glycoprotein content. The study concludes that while the ESM displays favorable biocompatibility and resorb ability, its non-uniform collagen arrangement limits its suitability as a guided bone regeneration membrane in the current non-crosslinked native form. Crosslinking techniques may enhance its properties for such applications. Further research is needed to explore modifications and processing methods that could leverage the ESM’s unique properties for tissue engineering purposes.
Unlocking the Molecular Secrets of Antifolate Drug Resistance: A Multi-Omics Investigation of the NCI-60 Cell Line Panel
Authors: Rushing Blake R.
Published: September 2023

Drug resistance continues to be a significant problem in cancer therapy, leading to relapse and associated mortality. Although substantial progress has been made in understanding drug resistance, significant knowledge gaps remain concerning the molecular underpinnings that drive drug resistance and which processes are unique to certain drug classes. The NCI-60 cell line panel program has evaluated the activity of numerous anticancer agents against many common cancer cell line models and represents a highly valuable resource to study intrinsic drug resistance. Furthermore, great efforts have been undertaken to collect high-quality omics datasets to characterize these cell lines. The current study takes these two sources of data—drug response and omics profiles—and uses a multi-omics investigation to uncover molecular networks that differentiate cancer cells that are sensitive or resistant to antifolates, which is a commonly used class of anticancer drugs. Results from a combination of univariate and multivariate analyses showed numerous metabolic processes that differentiate sensitive and resistant cells, including differences in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, arginine and proline metabolism, beta-alanine metabolism, purine metabolism, and pyrimidine metabolism. Further analysis using multivariate and integrated pathway analysis indicated purine metabolism as the major metabolic process separating cancer cells sensitive or resistant to antifolates. Additional pathways differentiating sensitive and resistant cells included autophagy-related processes (e.g., phagosome, lysosome, autophagy, mitophagy) and adhesion/cytoskeleton-related pathways (e.g., focal adhesion, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, tight junction). Volcano plot analysis and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of top selected variables differentiating Q1 and Q4 revealed the importance of genes involved in the regulation of the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix (ECM). These results provide novel insights toward mechanisms of intrinsic antifolate resistance as it relates to interactions between nucleotide metabolism, autophagy, and the cytoskeleton. These processes should be evaluated in future studies to potentially derive novel therapeutic strategies and personalized treatment approaches to improve antifolate response.
Examination of Physical Activity Patterns of Children, Reliability and Structural Validity Testing of the Hungarian Version of the PAQ-C Questionnaire
Authors: Makai Alexandra , Prémusz Viktória , Dózsa-Juhász Olívia , Fodor-Mazzag Kitti , Melczer Csaba , Ács Pongrác
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Several studies report on the importance of physical activity (PA) in childhood, which influences attitudes towards health in adulthood. For monitoring PA, trustworthy measurement tools are needed. The study aimed to adapt the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C) to the Hungarian language and assess its validity, reliability, and factor structure. Methods: A total of 620 children (the average age was 10.62 (SD 2.36)) participated in the cross-sectional study. To assess physical activity, the PAQ-C questionnaire was used. The collected data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 28.0 and IBM SPSS AMOS 29.0 software. Results: The internal consistency was acceptable (alpha = 0.729) and the test-retest reliability showed acceptable agreement (ICC = 0.772). The confirmatory factor favoured a one-factor structure of the questionnaire. The average PAQ-C score for girls was 2.87 (SD 1.07), and for boys it was 3.00 (SD 1.05), which showed a significant difference (p = 0.005). Discussion: Based on our findings, our study tested the validity and reliability of the one-factor PAQ-C questionnaire, a valid and reliable measurement tool to test the physical activity patterns of primary school children in a Hungarian sample. Further research is needed to develop physical activity monitoring of Hungarian children.
Administration of Tamoxifen Can Regulate Changes in Gene Expression during the Acute Phase of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Cabrera-Aldana Eibar E. , Balderas-Martinez Yalbi I. , Velázquez-Cruz Rafael , Tovar-y-Romo Luis B. , Sevilla-Montoya Rosalba , Martínez-Cruz Angelina , Martinez-Cordero Claudia , Valdes-Flores Margarita , Santamaria-Olmedo Monica , Hidalgo-Bravo Alberto , Guízar-Sahagún Gabriel
Published: September 2023

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) causes irreversible damage leading to incapacity. Molecular mechanisms underlying SCI damage are not fully understood, preventing the development of novel therapies. Tamoxifen (TMX) has emerged as a promising therapy. Our aim was to identify transcriptome changes in the acute phase of SCI and the effect of Tamoxifen on those changes in a rat model of SCI. Four groups were considered: (1) Non-injured without TMX (Sham/TMX-), (2) Non-injured with TMX (Sham/TMX+), (3) injured without TMX (SCI/TMX-), and (4) injured with TMX (SCI/TMX+). Tamoxifen was administered intraperitoneally 30 min after injury, and spinal cord tissues were collected 24 h after injury. Clariom S Assays Array was used for transcriptome analysis. After comparing Sham/TMX- versus SCI/TMX-, 708 genes showed differential expression. The enriched pathways were the SCI pathway and pathways related to the inflammatory response. When comparing SCI/TMX- versus SCI/TMX+, only 30 genes showed differential expression, with no pathways enriched. Our results showed differential expression of genes related to the inflammatory response after SCI, and Tamoxifen seems to regulate gene expression changes in Ccr2 and Mmp12. Our study contributes data regarding the potential value of tamoxifen as a therapeutic resource for traumatic SCI during the acute phase.
Ouabain Induces Transcript Changes and Activation of RhoA/ROCK Signaling in Cultured Epithelial Cells (MDCK)
Authors: Martínez-Rendón Jacqueline , Hinojosa Lorena , Xoconostle-Cázares Beatriz , Ramírez-Pool José Abrahán , Castillo Aída , Cereijido Marcelino , Ponce Arturo
Published: September 2023

Ouabain, an organic compound with the ability to strengthen the contraction of the heart muscle, was originally derived from plants. It has been observed that certain mammalian species, including humans, naturally produce ouabain, leading to its classification as a new type of hormone. When ouabain binds to Na+/K+-ATPase, it elicits various physiological effects, although these effects are not well characterized. Previous studies have demonstrated that ouabain, within the concentration range found naturally in the body (10 nmol/L), affects the polarity of epithelial cells and their intercellular contacts, such as tight junctions, adherens junctions, and gap junctional communication. This is achieved by activating signaling pathways involving cSrc and Erk1/2. To further investigate the effects of ouabain within the hormonally relevant concentration range (10 nmol/L), mRNA-seq, a high-throughput sequencing technique, was employed to identify differentially expressed transcripts. The discovery that the transcript encoding MYO9A was among the genes affected prompted an exploration of whether RhoA and its downstream effector ROCK were involved in the signaling pathways through which ouabain influences cell-to-cell contacts in epithelial cells. Supporting this hypothesis, this study reveals the following: (1) Ouabain increases the activation of RhoA. (2) Treatment with inhibitors of RhoA activation (Y27) and ROCK (C3) eliminates the enhancing effect of ouabain on the tight junction seal and intercellular communication via gap junctions. These findings further support the notion that ouabain acts as a hormone to emphasize the epithelial phenotype.
Surface Properties of Aqueous Dispersions of Bovine Serum Albumin Fibrils
Authors: Akentiev Alexander , Lin Shi-Yow , Loglio Giuseppe , Miller Reinhard , Noskov Boris
Published: September 2023

The surface properties of aqueous dispersions of worm-like fibril aggregates of bovine serum albumin (BSA) differ from those of the adsorption layers of the native protein. The dispersions of BSA fibrils are characterized by slower changes of the surface tension and dynamic surface elasticity and also have different steady-state values of the surface properties. The fourfold compression of the adsorption layer of BSA fibrils leads to noticeably higher surface pressures than those of a compressed layer of the native protein, indicating the formation of a more rigid layer structure in the former case. The spreading of BSA fibrils onto a liquid surface from a concentrated dispersion reduces the effect of surface-active admixtures on the layer properties. The dependencies of the dynamic surface elasticity on surface pressure almost coincide for the spread layers of fibrils and the native protein in the range of low surface pressures, but only the spreading of the native protein can lead to surface pressures higher than 4 mN/m. This distinction is presumably caused by the formation of stable clusters of BSA fibrils at the interface and their slow propagation along the liquid surface.
A Single-Anchor Cooperative Positioning Method Based on Optimized Inertial Measurement for UAVs
Authors: Yang Jinyi , Guo Yan , Tang Kanghua
Published: September 2023

Benefiting from its structural simplicity and low cost, the inertial/ranging integrated navigation system is widely utilized in multi-agent applications, particularly in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). As the deployment of UAVs in complex environments becomes more prevalent, accurate positioning in sparse observation scenarios has become increasingly important. In satellite-denied environments with few anchors, traditional filtering methods for positioning suffer from poor effectiveness due to the lack of constraints. This article proposes a method to enhance positioning accuracy in such environments by optimizing the inertial outputs of each UAV. The optimization process is based on the range measurements between the UAVs and a single anchor. By solving the optimization function derived using Bayesian theory, the optimized inertial outputs of the UAVs can be obtained. These optimized inertial data are then used in place of the original measurements for position estimation in the filter, resulting in improved performance. Simulation and real-world experiments validate that the proposed method can enhance UAVs’ positioning accuracy in single-anchor environments, surpassing the performance of a single optimizer or filter. Furthermore, the positions estimated by cooperative agents demonstrate higher accuracy than those estimated by individual agents, as more ranging measurements are incorporated.
Comparison of Machine Learning Pixel-Based Classifiers for Detecting Archaeological Ceramics
Authors: Argyrou Argyro , Agapiou Athos , Papakonstantinou Apostolos , Alexakis Dimitrios D.
Published: September 2023

Recent improvements in low-altitude remote sensors and image processing analysis can be utilised to support archaeological research. Over the last decade, the increased use of remote sensing sensors and their products for archaeological science and cultural heritage studies has been reported in the literature. Therefore, different spatial and spectral analysis datasets have been applied to recognise archaeological remains or map environmental changes over time. Recently, more thorough object detection approaches have been adopted by researchers for the automated detection of surface ceramics. In this study, we applied several supervised machine learning classifiers using red-green-blue (RGB) and multispectral high-resolution drone imageries over a simulated archaeological area to evaluate their performance towards semi-automatic surface ceramic detection. The overall results indicated that low-altitude remote sensing sensors and advanced image processing techniques can be innovative in archaeological research. Nevertheless, the study results also pointed out existing research limitations in the detection of surface ceramics, which affect the detection accuracy. The development of a novel, robust methodology aimed to address the “accuracy paradox” of imbalanced data samples for optimising archaeological surface ceramic detection. At the same time, this study attempted to fill a gap in the literature by blending AI methodologies for non-uniformly distributed classes. Indeed, detecting surface ceramics using RGB or multi-spectral drone imageries should be reconsidered as an ‘imbalanced data distribution’ problem. To address this paradox, novel approaches need to be developed.
Assessing the Effect of Joining the World Trade Organization on Trade Performance: A Study of CIS Countries
Authors: Tanaguzova Mereke , Nanovsky Simeon , Orazgaliyev Serik
Published: September 2023

This research delves into the impact of World Trade Organization (WTO) membership on trade dynamics in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) region, focusing on the potential augmentation or diversion of trade resulting from CIS countries’ WTO accession. The study context is grounded in the interplay between regionalism, represented by regional trade agreements and historical connections, and global integration facilitated by WTO membership. The study also scrutinizes the potentially complicating role of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) regional bloc, referencing the ‘Spaghetti Bowl’ phenomenon of overlapping trade agreements. The gravity model of trade serves as a conceptual foundation to understand the effects of WTO membership and regional trade agreements on trade costs. Empirical results suggest that WTO membership has not enhanced trade for the CIS. Instances of trade within the CIS region where there is only one WTO member have resulted in a positive trend, even though there is no robust evidence that it is due to WTO membership. The EAEU enhances trade and serves as a trading bloc within the region. This study highlights that while the WTO strives to foster trade liberalization and growth, its effects can be region-specific and complex, as demonstrated by the CIS region’s experience. The research also hints at the importance of intra-regional trade and unique regional factors as critical determinants of trade patterns, which can enhance broader trade expansion and economic development.
Assessing System Justification in Czech Population Using the System Justification Scale
Authors: Remr Jiri
Published: September 2023

System justification (SJ) is an important construct in social psychology that has received considerable attention over the past three decades. At the empirical level, system justification is examined by means of a specially developed System Justification Scale (SJS), which is designed to explain how individuals accept justice, whether they consider a given social order to be fair, how they evaluate the conditions in the country in which they live, how they accept social change, or to what extent they express compliance with established rules. System justification involves not only those who benefit from the existing social order, but also those who are disadvantaged. In their case, system justification mitigates negative perceptions of objective inequalities and asymmetries. Empirical evidence suggests that system justification may also be associated with higher perceived quality of life. The present study translated and validated the SJS, providing complex and detailed information on the psychometric properties of the scale. In addition, the scale’s internal consistency, unidimensionality, and construct validity were examined. The conclusions presented are based on the results of exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency assessment, analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. Results were obtained from face-to-face survey data collected from a sample of 1419 individuals representing the Czech population aged 18–79 years. Since the SJS showed high internal consistency, adequately discriminated levels of system justification, and had robust psychometric properties, it could be recommended for further use.
Massive Multi-Source Joint Outbound and Benefit Distribution Model Based on Cooperative Game
Authors: He Wang , Liu Min , Zuo Chaowen , Wang Kai
Published: September 2023

In light of the challenges posed by the widespread distribution of new energy sources in China and their distance from load centers, the power system must effectively integrate both new energy and thermal power transmission. To address this issue, we propose a dynamic coordinated scheduling model that combines wind, photovoltaic, and thermal power to optimize the profit of the energy complementary delivery system. Additionally, we present an improved ant lion optimization algorithm to investigate the coordinated scheduling and benefit distribution of these three power sources. This paper introduces a cooperative mode for benefit distribution and utilizes an enhanced Shapley value method to allocate the benefits of joint operation among the three parties. The distribution of benefits is based on the contribution of each party to the joint proceeds, considering the profit levels of joint outbound and independent outbound modes. Through our analysis, we demonstrate that the upgraded ant lion optimization algorithm facilitates finding the global optimal solution more effectively within the feasible zone. Furthermore, our suggested three-party combined scheduling model and profit-sharing approach are shown to be superior and feasible.
Evaluation of the Hemp Shive (Cannabis sativa L.) Energy Requirements Associated with the Biocomposite Compaction Process
Authors: Nowakowski-Pałka Jakub , Roman Kamil
Published: September 2023

The main purpose of the present study was to develop an environmentally friendly and economical biocomposite that can be used to make hemp shive (Cannabis sativa L.) chipboard. The study involved the creation of a sample made of hemp shives and PLA (Polylactide) thermoplastic with varying amounts of concentrations of this plastic (25 and 50%) following a series of testing studies. The variabilities were differentiated fractions at four different levels (f1, f2, f3, and f4) ranging from 0–2 mm, 2–4 mm, 4–6 mm, and 6–8 mm. In this light, the purpose of this research was to optimize the parameters that will affect the compaction process and strength of the biocomposites the researchers tested, which were made from shredded hemp residues and PLA (polylactide). According to this hypothesis, the quality of the biocomposite produced depends on the variation of fractions that constitute the composite. This study aims to provide insight into the energy requirements associated with the production of a biocomposite from hemp scraps and PLA thermoplastic, in order to determine its feasibility. The study compared the densities of different hemp fraction mixtures. The conversion factor (χ) was used while calculating the specific density of the fractions, f1, f2, f3, and f4, which came to 1377.33 kg·m−3, 1122.27 kg·m−3, 1071.26 kg·m−3, and 1275.31 kg·m−3, respectively. The specific density of blends containing 50% PLA material was calculated to be 1326.32 kg·m−3. For blends containing 50% PLA, by taking into account the conversion factor, the density fractions were 1324.29 kg·m−3, 1428.34 kg·m−3, and 1479.36 kg·m−3. Using different types of mixtures and fractions to analyze the total compaction work values: Based on the addition of 50% PLA to fractions f3 (4 ÷ 6) and f4 (6 ÷ 8), bulk density ranged between 221.09 kg·m−3 and 305.31 kg·m−3. Based on the compaction process results, the density values for the various fractions ranged from 1101.28 kg·m−3 to 1292.40 kg·m−3. Depending on what density is desired, the amount of compaction work required, on average, ranges from 1.1 × 10−5 J to 4.5 × 10−5 J.
Pilot-Scale Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Wastewater Sludge with Lignocellulosic Waste: A Study of Performance and Limits
Authors: Naji Amar , Rechdaoui Sabrina Guérin , Jabagi Elise , Lacroix Carlyne , Azimi Sam , Rocher Vincent
Published: September 2023

The effects of co-digesting sewage sludge (SS) and horse waste (HW), the composition of HW, and the ratio of HW:SS were studied using two semi-continuous digesters of 9.5 L of working volume. These digesters were operated in parallel with the mono-digestion of SS in digester 1 (D1) and the co-digestion of SS and HW in digester 2 (D2). In digester 2, there were two phases of digestion (durations of 40 and 43 weeks, respectively). The composition of HW in the first phase was 85% wheat straw (WS), 14% wood chips (WC), and 1% horse manure (HM), with 99% wheat straw (WS) and 1% horse manure (HM) in the second phase. Variable ratios of HW:SS were studied in the digesters. The co-digestion of sewage sludge (SS) and horse waste (HW) produced more biogas than the mono-digestion of SS alone, with a maximum of 15.8 L·d−1, compared to 9 L·d−1 at the end of the experiment. When comparing the results obtained in both phases, the production of methane in phase 2 was 18 NmL·gVS−1 higher than in phase 1. This slight increase in methane yield could be linked to the absence of wood chips (WC), which is considered to have a diluting effect on methane production. Therefore, this study shows that an organic loading rate (OLR) of 4.8 kgVS·m−3·d−1, a ratio of HW:SS of 3, and a composition of HW (99% WS, 1% HM) should be respected in the actual experimental conditions for a well-functioning anaerobic digestion.
Solar Thermal Technology Aided Membrane Distillation Process for Wastewater Treatment in Textile Industry—A Technoeconomic Feasibility Assessment
Authors: Gupta Mukesh Kumar , Mohite Rajendra B. , Jagannath Salunkhe Madhav , Kumar Pankaj , Raskar Dipak Shankar , Banerjee Malay Kumar , Singh Suraj Kumar , Dogančić Dragana , Đurin Bojan
Published: September 2023

Because textile industries are intensely water-consuming and generate a huge quantity of wastewater, the present study examines the scope of using solar thermal technology to treat wastewater from textile industries. A hybrid technology, comprising a compound parabolic concentrator-based solar thermal system in conjunction with a Membrane Distillation (MD) system, is experimented with for wastewater treatment in textile industries. The MD system requires a water temperature of around 90 °C for efficient functioning. The advanced MD technology using waste heat combined with solar heat to meet the system’s thermal load is technologically evaluated for an experimental textile industry in India. Moreover, the present study critically analyses the techno economics of the proposed hybrid technology. A detailed financial analysis has revealed that, besides technological superiority, the recommended technology is also financially rewarding for wastewater treatment in the textile industry. To cope with the delayed payback period, financial incentives are recommended so that the system becomes a lucrative technological option.
Penicillium roqueforti Secondary Metabolites: Biosynthetic Pathways, Gene Clusters, and Bioactivities
Authors: Metin Banu
Published: September 2023

Penicillium roqueforti is a fungal starter culture used for the production of blue-veined cheeses, such as Roquefort, Gorgonzola, Stilton, Cabrales, and Danablue. During ripening, this species grows in the veins of the cheese, forming the emblematic blue-green color and establishing the characteristic flavor owin to its biochemical activities. P. roqueforti synthesizes a diverse array of secondary metabolites, including the well-known compounds roquefortine C, clavine alkaloids, such as isofumigaclavine A and B, mycophenolic acid, andrastin A, and PR-toxin. This review provides an in-depth exploration of P. roqueforti’s secondary metabolites, focusing on their biosynthetic pathways, the gene clusters responsible for their production, and their bioactivities. The presence of these compounds in blue cheeses is also reviewed. Furthermore, the silent clusters and the potential of P. roqueforti for producing secondary metabolites were discussed. The review highlights recently identified metabolites, including sesterterpenoids; tetrapeptides, D-Phe-L-Val-D-Val-L-Tyr, and D-Phe-L-Val-D-Val-L-Phe; cis-bis(methylthio)silvatin; and the 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN)-melanin precursor, scytalone. Additionally, a gene cluster for DHN–melanin biosynthesis is presented. Finally, a revised cluster for roquefortine C biosynthesis comprising three rather than four genes is proposed.
Winemaking: “With One Stone, Two Birds”? A Holistic Review of the Bio-Functional Compounds, Applications and Health Benefits of Wine and Wineries’ By-Products
Authors: Tsoupras Alexandros , Ni Victoria Ling Jun , O’Mahony Éimhín , Karali Maria
Published: September 2023

The plethora of bio-functional compounds present in fermented alcoholic beverages like wine, as well as the valorisation of bioactives from wineries’/breweries’ by-products like grape pomace and grape seed, has gained significant interest in the functional foods sector. This functional beverage, wine, has always accompanied humanity, for religion or for health, especially in the Mediterranean, while the benefits of its moderate consumption were documented even by the Greek physician Hippocrates of Kos (460–370 BC). After a big gap, an outbreak of research on wine benefits has surfaced only since the 1990s, when the term “French paradox” was introduced to the US public during a CBS show, while recent evidence has outlined that the beneficial effects of wine consumption are derived by the synergisms of its bio-functional compounds and their digestion-derived metabolites. Within this article, the proposed health benefits of moderate wine consumption, as a functional component of a balanced diet (i.e., the Mediterranean diet) against inflammation-related chronic disorders, is thoroughly reviewed. The various bio-functional compounds of both wine and wineries’ by-products, such as their bioactive phenolics, unsaturated fatty acids, polar lipids and dietary fibres, and their functional antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic health-promoting properties, are also thoroughly evaluated. The mechanisms of action and synergism, by which the health benefits are elicited, are also explored. Functional properties of non-alcoholic wine products are also introduced. Emphasis is also given to applications of wineries’ by-products bioactives, as ingredients of bio-functional foods, supplements and nutraceuticals. Limitations and future perspectives for this popular functional alcoholic beverage (wine) and its rich in bioactives by-products are also addressed.
Aguamiel Enhance Proteolytic Activity and Survival of Lactiplantibacillus pentosus ABHEAU-05 during Refrigerated Storage of a Fermented Milk
Authors: Contreras-López Elizabeth , Félix-Reyes Nancy Lizeth , González-Olivares Luis Guillermo , Jaimez-Ordaz Judith , Castañeda-Ovando Araceli , Añorve-Morga Javier , López-Hernández Blanca Azalia , Vélez-Rivera Nayeli , Ramírez-Godínez Juan
Published: September 2023

Different carbon sources, such as prebiotics, have promoted probiotics’ survival during refrigerated fermented milk storage. These compounds stimulate both the metabolic response and the resistance of probiotics to adverse conditions, such as low temperatures. That is why the objective of this study was to evaluate the kinetic parameters of growth, the proteolytic profile, and the survival of Lactiplantibacillus pentosus ABHEAU-05 in fermented milk added with aguamiel as a prebiotic source during refrigerated storage. Inulin was used for control experiments. A 12% w/v powdered skimmed milk solution was inoculated with L. pentosus ABHEAU-05 (106 CFU/mL). It was fermented at 37 °C until a pH of 4.5, and the kinetic parameters were calculated. Analysis of survival and proteolytic profile during refrigeration storage (4 °C for 21 days) was carried out. The survival of the microorganism was determined by viable count on MRS agar, the production of free amino groups by the TNBS method, and the accumulation of low molecular weight peptides by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The pH of 4.5 was reached 26 h before the control. The maximum concentration of viable cells was 108 CFU/mL at the fermentation’s end and maintained throughout the refrigerated storage. With the analysis of the proteolytic profile, high metabolic activity was demonstrated during fermentation and refrigerated storage in milk with aguamiel. The accumulation of low molecular weight peptides and the generation of free amino groups were higher than the control results. It was verified that aguamiel is a carbon source with the potential for developing and maintaining the probiotic L. pentosus ABHEAU-05 in fermented milk.
Estimates of the Age, Growth, and Mortality of Triplophysa scleroptera (Herzenstein, 1888) in the Upper Reaches of the Yellow River, China
Authors: Li Peilun , Liu Jiacheng , Wang Tai , Wang Jilong
Published: September 2023

To investigate the age composition, growth pattern, mortality, and exploitation rate of Triplophysa scleroptera in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, we measured the total length (L) and body weight (W) of 347 individuals based on three sampling surveys from 2022 to 2023. The otoliths were used in this investigation to determine age. The total length of the collected samples ranged from 5.69 cm to 18.40 cm, body weight ranged from 1.65 g to 50.22 g, and the age ranged from 1 to 7 years old. The relationship of total length and body weight was W=0.009L2.942 for the total samples, and the growth pattern observed in the study belongs to the isometric type. The von Bertalanffy growth equation revealed that the fish had an asymptotic total length L∞ of 37.536 cm, and the growth coefficient K was 0.064 yr−1. Total instantaneous mortality rate (Z) of total samples calculated by the age-based catch curve method was 1.092 yr−1. The average instantaneous rate of the natural mortality (M), estimated by three different methods, for the total samples was 0.237 yr−1. The instantaneous rate of fishing mortality (F) for the total samples was calculated as 0.855 yr−1, and the exploitation rate (E) was determined as 0.783. As a whole, compared with other Triplophysa fishes, the growth rate of T. scleroptera in the upper reaches of the Yellow River is relatively slow, and the population of T. scleroptera has been overexploited. It is crucial to establish some effective management strategies to protect this species.
Simulation and Experimental Activity for the Evaluation of the Filling Capability in External Gear Pumps
Authors: Corvaglia Alessandro , Rundo Massimo , Bonati Sara , Rigosi Manuel
Published: September 2023

Partial electrification of hydraulic circuits to achieve energy savings requires an increase in the angular speed of the positive displacement pumps, with the risk of incomplete filling. In this context, the paper focuses on developing a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model using SimericsMP+ for two external gear pumps, namely helical and spur type gears. The objective of this study is the analysis of the phenomena occurring on the suction side under conditions of incomplete filling at high speeds. Both CFD models have been validated by conducting experimental tests for measuring the flow rate delivered at various inlet pressures and angular speeds. The experimental results confirm the model’s capability to accurately detect the operating conditions at which the delivered flow rate starts to decrease due to the partial filling of the inter-teeth chambers. Furthermore, this paper investigates the effects of certain geometrical modifications to the spur gear pump. Specifically, the influence of the gear’s width-to-diameter ratio is studied, revealing that a lower ratio leads to slightly better filling. Conversely, increasing the inlet port diameter results in no improvement. Based on this study, the modelling approach appears to be accurate enough to serve as design tool for optimizing pumps to improve their filling capability.