bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arabic Translation, Cross Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of Foot Health Status Questionnaire Among Saudi Individuals with Plantar Fasciitis
Authors: Alshammari Sulaiman Abdullah , Alshiweer Mohammed Abdulsalam M , Dammas Saad Salem , Alrasheed Abdulaziz Mohammed A , Alasmari Mohammed Ali , Alahmari Mansour Mohammed , Alazmi Alwaleed Khalaf
Published: August 2023

Background
Measuring quality of life (QoL) plays an essential role in enabling meaningful cross-cultural comparisons. The Foot Health Status Questionnaire (FHSQ) is a valid tool for assessing both foot-specific and general health-related quality of life (HrQoL), making it suitable for evaluating Plantar Fasciitis (PF) patients.
Methodology:
The aim of this study is to translate the FHSQ into Arabic following methodological assessments of the translation procedure. The translation was done using forward and back translation. A pre-test questionnaire was distributed among 50 patients, resulting in the final FHSQ-Ar version which then underwent various psychometric evaluations among 87 person with PF, including internal consistency, dimensionality, reliability, interpretability, and construct validity against the 100mm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).
Results
Internal consistency was adequate, ranging from 0.70 to 0.92. Reliability values ranged from 0.69 to 0.80, with poor standard error of measurement (individual) but acceptable standard error of measurement (group). Two domains exhibited floor effects while one domain showed a ceiling effect. Regarding validity, all hypothesized correlations with VAS scores were confirmed. Factor analysis revealed four dimensions, and confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated good fit (comparative fit index = 0.98, standardized root mean square = 0.06).
Conclusion
The psychometric properties of FHSQ-Ar were satisfactory. Further validation in other diseases may be warranted.
MFD: Multi-Feature Detection of LLM-Generated Text
Authors: Wu Zhendong , Xiang Hui
Published: August 2023

With the rapid development of large language models, their powerful capabilities have led to their rapid popularity in society. However, it not only brings great convenience to people’s life and work but also provides a favorable tool for criminals to carry out malicious behaviors. Therefore, to prevent the malicious use of large language models, there is a growing demand for a detector that can efffciently discriminate texts generated by large language models. In this paper, Multi-Feature Detection (MFD), a new zero-shot method, is introduced. MFD comprehensively considers log-likelihood, log-rank, entropy, and LLM-Deviation. LLM-Deviation is a new statistical feature proposed in this paper and has a clear distribution difference between texts generated by LLMs and those written by humans. Experiments show MFD is more effective than the existing zero-shot method. MFD improves the detection performance by 1.02 F1 score on average on the HC3-English dataset. In generalization ability, MFD is also very competitive compared with the existing zero-shot method.
3D Color Multimodality Fusion Imaging as an Augmented Reality Educational and Surgical Planning Tool for Extracerebral Tumors
Authors: hou xiaolin , Xu Ruxiang , Chen Longyi , Yang Dongdong , Li Dingjun
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND
Extracerebral tumors often occur on the surface of the brain or at the skull base. It is important to identify the peritumoral sulci, gyri, and nerve fibers. Preoperative visualization of three-dimensional (3D) multimodal fusion imaging (MFI) is crucial for surgery. However, the traditional 3D-MFI brain models are homochromatic and do not allow easy identification of anatomical functional areas.
METHODS
In this study, 33 patients with extracerebral tumors without peritumoral edema were retrospectively recruited. They underwent 3D T1-weighted MRI, Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and CT angiography (CTA) sequence scans. 3DSlicer, Freesurfer, and BrainSuite were used to explore 3D-color-MFI and preoperative planning. To determine the effectiveness of 3D-color-MFI as an augmented reality (AR) teaching tool for neurosurgeons and as a patient education and communication tool, questionnaires were administered to 15 neurosurgery residents and all patients, respectively.
RESULTS
For neurosurgical residents, 3D-color-MFI provided a better understanding of surgical anatomy and more efficient techniques for removing extracerebral tumors than traditional 3D-MFI (P < 0.001). For patients, the use of 3D-color MFI can significantly improve their understanding of the surgical approach and risks (P < 0.005).
CONCLUSIONS
3D-color-MFI is a promising AR tool for extracerebral tumors and is more useful for learning surgical anatomy, developing surgical strategies, and improving communication with patients.
Protective Effect of TNFAIP3 on Testosterone Production in Leydig Cells under an Aging Inflammatory Microenvironment
Authors: Xing Dong , Jin Yihan , Sun Dalin , Liu Yuanyuan , Cai Bin , Gao Chao , Cui Yugui , Jin Baofang
Published: August 2023

Background The aging inflammatory microenvironment surrounding Leydig cells is linked to reduced testosterone levels in males. Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) acts as a critical anti-inflammatory factor in various aging-related diseases. This study aims to investigate the protective effect of TNFAIP3 on testosterone production in Leydig cells under an aging inflammatory microenvironment. Methods Bioinformatics analysis examined TNFAIP3 expression differences in aging rat testes and validated the findings in aging mouse testes. In vitro models of inflammation were established using two Leydig cell lines, with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) as the inflammatory factor. Lentiviral transduction was utilized to manipulate TNFAIP3 expression in these cell lines. Transcriptomic sequencing identified differentially expressed genes in TNFAIP3-overexpressing cells. Results Bioinformatics analysis and validation experiments revealed increased inflammatory signaling and elevated TNFAIP3 expression in aging rat and mouse testes. TNFAIP3 knockdown worsened testosterone synthesis inhibition and apoptosis in cells, while TNFAIP3 overexpression reversed these effects. Transcriptome analysis identified alterations in the P38MAPK pathway following TNFAIP3 overexpression. TNFAIP3 knockdown enhanced TNF-induced P38MAPK signaling, whereas its overexpression attenuated this effect. TNFAIP3 was found to regulate testosterone synthesis by upregulating CEBPB expression. Conclusions TNFAIP3 exhibits inhibitory effects on apoptosis and promotes testosterone production in Leydig cells. The protective influence of TNFAIP3 on Leydig cells within an inflammatory microenvironment is likely mediated through by inhibiting the P38MAPK pathway and upregulating CEBPB expression.
VANETs Assisted Diagonal-Intersection-Routing using a reinforcement learningapproach
Authors: Rajiv Rajiv Kumar , Srin Srinath Doss
Published: August 2023

An appealing option for bettering traffic safety and efficiency, Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) may provide situational awareness even when potential dangers and traffic anomalies are out of sight. It is possible to avoid broadcast conflicts and improve communication efficiency in VANETs using Diagonal-Intersection-Routing Protocol based on Reinforcement Learning (DIRP-RL). DIRP-RL uses the RL algorithm to learn the traffic statistics for individual road segments, combining the benefits of Diagonal-Intersection-Routing with static road map information. DIRP-RL use to mitigate delivery delays, improve the packet transmission rate, and find an efficient route and the impact of quick vehicle movements on route sensitivity, off-road packet forwarding is built around distributed R2R RL (RL occurs between roadside units). RL geographical forwarding uses SCF (Store-Carry-Forward) to mitigate packet loss if a local optimum is reached. Its efficiency is compared to TDRL-RP, ARPRL, DRL-ML, and QGrid. The result in terms of packet delivery rate will be achieved by 98%, end-to-end latency will be reduced by 5%, hop count will be achieved by 95%, and routing overhead will be reduced by 4% and performance will be improved by 96%.
TRIM45 aggravates microglia pyroptosis via Atg5/NLRP3 axis in septic encephalopathy
Authors: Huang Xuliang , Ye Changzhou , Zhao Xinyu , Tong Yao , Lin Wen , Huang Qingqing , Zheng Yuhao , Zhang Anqi , Mo Yunchang
Published: August 2023

Background
Neuroinflammation mediated by microglia pyroptosis activation is an important pathogenesis of septic encephalopathy(SAE). It is reported that TRIM45 is associated with tumors and inflammatory diseases. However, the role of TRIM45 in SAE and the relationship between TRIM45 and microglia pyroptosis are unknown. In this study, we found that TRIM45 plays an important role in regulating microglia pyroptosis and its molecular mechanism.
Methods
SAE was induced by lps in mice transfected with adenovirus shTRIM45. BV2 was treated with lps + ATP in vitro. Cognitive function was assessed by Morris water maze. Nissl staining and Tunnel staining were used to evaluate histological and structural lesions. QPCR was used to detect mRNA level of inflammatory cytokines, NLRP3, autophagy proteins. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to analyze the expression of the proteins. The changes of ROS in cells were observed by flow cytometry, The changes of mitochondrial membrane potential in BV2 cells were detected by JC-1 staining. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were extracted from blood by density gradient centrifugation and then used for QPCR and Western blotting analysis. In order to further explore its mechanism, we used overexpression plasmids TRIM45 and Atg5, siRNA-TRIM45 to analyze the downstream pathway of NLRP3. The protein and mRNA of TRIM45 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells from sepsis patients were detected.
Results
Knocking down TRIM45 could protect the neuron damage and cognitive impairment of septic mice. TRIM45 knockdown can inhibit microglia pyroptosis and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in vivo and in vitro, which is mediated by activating NLRP3/Gsdmd-N. Overexpression TRIM45 can activate NLRP3 and downstream proteins. Further exploration found that TRIM45 regulated the activation of NLRP3 by changing Atg5 protein and regulating autophagy flux. It was also found that overexpression and knockdown of TRIM45 would affect the changes of ROS and mitochondrial membrane potential. In short, knocking down TRIM45 can reduce microglia pyroptosis, reduce the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, reduce neuronal damage and improve cognitive function. The levels of TRIM45 mRNA and protein in septic patients were increased, and TRIM45 mRNA level of peripheral blood monocytes and APACHE II score were positive linear correlation in some patients with sepsis.
Conclusion
TRIM45 plays a key role in neuroinflammation caused by lps, and the possible mechanism is that TRIM45 aggravates microglia pyroptosis via Atg5/NLRP3 axis.
Proteomic insights into the effect of Broad bean wilt virus-1 infection in Nicotiana benthamiana plants
Authors: Elvira-González Laura , Carpino Caterina , Rubio Luis , Galipienso Luis
Published: August 2023

Broad bean wilt virus 1 (BBWV-1, genus Fabavirus, family Secoviridae) infects many plants species, including important horticultural crops. Since some tobacco plants such as Nicotiana benthamiana, are susceptible to many viruses, they are used as experimental hosts and therefore there is available abundant information about these species in databases. Here, the protein differential expression in N. benthamiana plants infected with BBWV-1 was studied using Liquid Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry in tandem analysis (LC-MS/MS). Also, we studied the role of viral VP37 protein which is a BBWV-1 determinant of pathogenicity in the accumulation of the host proteins. For this purpose, we agroinfiltrated N. benthamiana plants with two BBWV-1 cDNA infectious clones: pBBWV1-Wt wilt type and the pBBWV1-G4922C mutant knocking out for the viral VP37 protein. Virus infection induced the differential expression of 44 host proteins: 22 were overexpressed and the other 22 were underexpressed. These proteins were involved in important plant processes and located in different cell organelles, mainly in chloroplasts. Finally, it was identified 24 proteins related to viral VP37 protein comparing the differential expression between N. benthamiana plants agroinfiltrated with pBBWV1-wt and pBBWV1-G4922C. Relation among host proteins that were differentially expressed, plant symptoms, and subcellular alterations are discussed.
Coordinated modulation of long non-coding RNA ASBEL and curcumin co-delivery through multicomponent nanocomplexes for synchronous triple-negative breast cancer theranostics
Authors: He Xuesong , Lin Fengjuan , Jia Runqing , Xia Yang , Liang Zhaoyuan , Xiao Xiangqian , Hu Qin , Deng Xiongwei , Li Qun , Sheng Wang
Published: August 2023

Background
Abnormally resgulated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) functions in cancer emphasize their potential to serve as potential targets for cancer therapeutic intervention. LncRNA ASBEL has been identified as oncogene and an anti-sense transcript of tumor-suppressor gene of BTG3 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).
Results
Herein, multicomponent self-assembled polyelectrolyte nanocomplexes (CANPs) based on the polyelectrolytes of bioactive hyaluronic acid (HA) and chitosan hydrochloride (CS) were designed and prepared for the collaborative modulation of oncogenic lncRNA ASBEL with antago3, an oligonucleotide antagonist targeting lncRNA ASBEL and hydrophobic curcumin (Cur) co-delivery for synergetic TNBC therapy. Antago3 and Cur co-incorporated CANPs were achieved via a one-step assembling strategy with the cooperation of noncovalent electrostatic interactions, hydrogen-bonding, and hydrophobic interactions. Moreover, the multicomponent assembled CANPs were ulteriorly decorated with a near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) Cy-5.5 dye (FCANPs) for synchronous NIRF imaging and therapy monitoring performance. Resultantly, MDA-MB-231 cells proliferation, migration, and invasion were efficiently inhibited, and the highest apoptosis ratio was induced by FCANPs with coordination patterns. At the molecular level, effective regulation of lncRNA ASBEL/BTG3 and synchronous regulation of Bcl-2 and c-Met pathways could be observed.
Conclusion
As expected, systemic administration of FCANPs resulted in targeted and preferential accumulation of near-infrared fluorescence fluorescence signal and Cur in the tumor tissue. More attractively, systemic FCANPs-mediated collaborative modulating lncRNA ASBEL/BTG3 and Cur co-delivery significantly suppressed the MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumor growth, inhibited metastasis and extended survival rate with negligible systemic toxicity. Our present study represented an effective approach to developing a promising theranostic platform for combating TNBC in a combined therapy pattern.
The microbiome of the branching coral Acropora kenti
Authors: Messer Lauren , Bourne David , Robbins Steven , Clay Megan , Bell Sara , McIlroy Simon , Tyson Gene
Published: August 2023

Microbial diversity has been extensively explored in reef-building corals however the functional roles of coral-associated microorganisms remain poorly elucidated. Here, metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) were recovered from the coral Acropora kenti (formerly A. tenuis) to elucidate microbial functions and metabolic interactions within the holobiont. Overall, 191 bacterial and 10 archaeal MAGs assigned to 16 phyla were recovered from A. kenti and the adjacent seawater. Based on their prevalence and relative abundances, 82 of these MAGs were specific to the A. kenti holobiont, including members of the Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Desulfobacterota. A. kenti-specific MAGs displayed significant differences in their genomic features and functional potential relative to seawater specific-MAGs, having a higher prevalence of genes involved in host immune system evasion, nitrogen and carbon fixation, and synthesis of five essential B-vitamins. Moreover, a diversity of A. kenti-specific MAGs encoded genes required for the synthesis of essential amino acids, such as tryptophan, histidine, and lysine, which cannot be de novo synthesised by the host or Symbiodiniaceae. Across a water quality gradient spanning 2° of latitude, A. kenti microbial community composition correlated to increased temperature and dissolved inorganic nitrogen. Corresponding enrichment in molecular chaperones, nitrate reductases, and a heat-shock protein, indicated phenotypic adaptation of the microbiome to localised anthropogenic pressures. These findings reveal mechanisms of A. kenti-microbiome-symbiosis on the Great Barrier Reef, highlighting the interactions underpinning the health and functioning of this keystone holobiont.
Bio-active principles in Commiphora africana resin dichloromethane extract and their insecticidal activity against bedbugs
Authors: Wairagu Norman W. , Wachira Benson M. , Githiomi Joseph K. , Oduor Nellie , Ng’ang'a Margaret M.
Published: August 2023

Bedbugs (Cimex lecturalius Linnaeus) are ecto-parasite pests that wholly feed on human and domestic animals’ blood causing anemia to the host on excessive feeding. Bedbug control has proved futile due to various challenges including; development of insecticide resistance, high associated cost and environmental pollution. Natural herbal-based phytochemicals remain unexploited and we focused on Comiphora africana (A. Rich.) Engl. resin traditsionally used bedbug control. We previously showed that dichloromethane extract of C. africana resin is highly repellent and toxic against bedbugs. In this study, we isolated compounds from the dichloromethane extract using column chromatographic techniques. The isolated compounds were evaluated for repellency and toxicity against bedbugs; and characterized using conventional spectroscopic techniques. Five compounds (taraxasterol, pseudo-taraxasterol, beta-sitosterol, fungisterol and guggusterol) were isolated and characterized for the first time in this plant. Fungisterol had the highest repellency (75%) against bedbugs which was not significantly different (P > .05) to the positive control (neocidol) (74%) after > one-hour exposure. Fungisterol also elicited highest toxicity against bedbugs with LC50 of 25.73 mg/L after 24 h exposure. Blending fungisterol with other identified active terpenes did not synergize the overall repellent/toxic responses. This study identifies active compounds in C. africana resin and therefore lays a solid background in bedbug control using isolated compounds.
The intracellular domain of Hyaluronan synthase can produce monodisperse low- molecular weight hyaluronic acid with functional activity
Authors: Ebrahimi Tahereh , Keramati Malihe , Khodabakhsh Farnaz , Cohan Reza Ahangari
Published: August 2023

Background:
The biological properties of hyaluronan (HA) are determined by its molecular weight (MW). Most natural extraction process of HA resulted in a polydisperse polymer. In the present study, the monodisperse LMW-HA was biosynthesized by truncated recombinant hyaluronan synthase (HAS) derived from Streptococcus equisimilis (SeHAS). The effects of t transmembrane domains truncation of SeHAS on productivity and specific activity of enzymes, dispersity, MW, and biological activity of synthesized polymers were investigated. The recombinant HAS123 (341 aa), HAS23 (309 aa), and HASIntra (263 aa) were constructed. The MW, structure, and titer of the polymer were studied by electrophoresis, FTIR spectroscopy and carbazole assay, respectively. The biological activity of HA polymers was assessed by cell proliferation and wound healing assays.
Results:
The specific activities were calculated as 7.5, 6.8, 4.9, and 2.8 mgHA.mgprotein-1.min-1 for SeHAS, HAS123, HAS23, and HASIntra, respectively. The results revealed SeHAS produced a polydispersed HMW-polymer (268 kDa), while HAS123 and HAS23 produced a polydisperse LMW-polymer (6.1, and 4.6 kDa, respectively). Interestingly, HASIntra produced a monodisperse LMW-HA (1.9 kDa). Biological assessments indicated the LMW-HAs showed a dose-dependent proliferation activity on endothelial cells (ECs), whereas HMW-HAs exhibited an inhibitory effect. Also, LMW-HAs had the highest wound healing effect at 10 µg/mL, while by increasing in the concentration to 200 µg/mL, both LMW- and HMW-HAs postponed the wound healing recovery rate.
Conclusion:
The study indicated the transmembrane domains of SeHAS affect the titer, size, and dispersity of synthesized HA. These findings open new insight into the rational engineering of SeHAS to produce size-defined HA.
A higher TyG index level is more likely to have enhanced incidence of T2DM and HTN comorbidity in elderly Chinese people: a prospective observational study from the Reaction Study
Authors: Su Wanlu , Wang Jie , Chen Kang , Yan Wenhua , Gao Zhengnan , Tang Xuelei , Wan Qin , Luo Zuojie , Ning Guang , Mu Yiming
Published: August 2023

Background
Triglyceride glucose index (TyG index) was related with both type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and hypertension (HTN). Prospective studies linking TyG index to incidence of T2DM and HTN comorbidity remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the longitudinal association between TyG and new-onset T2DM with HTN.
Methods
4,434 subjects (1249 males and 3185 females) without initial T2DM and HTN were followed up for 7 years. The incidence of T2DM with HTN during the 7-year follow-up was identified as the endpoint. The TyG index was divided into four quartiles: the < 25% level, the 25–50% level, the 50–75% level, the ≥ 75% level. The relationships between TyG index and T2DM with HTN were evaluated by Cox proportional hazards regression models.
Results
During 7 years, the augmented trend of T2DM with HTN was observed in the participates. After adjusting for all confounding factors, compared with those in the lowest quartile of TyG index, population in the highest quartile of TyG index had a higher risk of T2DM with HTN (hazard ratio (HR), 2.878; 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), 1.230–6.731, P = 0.015), however, the association remained significant only in the female population (HR 2.753, 95%CI, 1.061–7.139, p = 0.037). The TyG had superior predictive ability of increased risk of T2DM with HTN for the populations of older age (≥ 65 years) (HR 2.694, 95%CI 1.212–5.989, p = 0.015), higher eGFR (≥ 90 mL/ (min·1.73 m2)) (HR 2.603, 95%CI 1.164–5.818, p = 0.020) or obesity (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2) (HR 2.547,95%CI 1.001–6.478, p = 0.020).
Conclusion
Population with a higher TyG index level was more likely to have enhanced incidence of T2DM and HTN comorbidity. TyG index could have significance of clinical in early protecting against T2DM with HTN.
Associations between leaf developmental stability, canalization and phenotypic plasticity in an architectural perspective
Authors: Wang Shu , Zhou Dao-Wei
Published: August 2023

The associations among developmental stability, canalization and phenotypic plasticity have received increasingly more attention, yet with rare direct evidence. Architectural analysis may provide a more powerful approach to addressing this issue. To investigate the relationships among the three mechanisms in architectural perspective, we subjected plants of Abutilon theophrasti to three densities, measured and calculated fluctuating asymmetry (FA), coefficients of variation (CV) and plasticity (PI) of three leaf traits, to analyze the correlations among these variables. As density increased, mean leaf size, petiole length and angle of most layers and mean leaf FA of some layers decreased (at both stages), CV of petiole angle increased (at day 50), and PI of petiole length and angle across all layers decreased (at day 70); leaf FA and CV of traits generally increased with higher layers at all densities. At both stages, there were more positive correlations between FA and CV at lower vs. high densities; at day 50, little correlation of plasticity with FA or CV was found; at day 70, more positive correlations between FA and PI occurred for response to high vs. low density than for response to medium vs. low density, and more positive correlations between CV and PI occurred at lower vs. high densities. Results suggested that developmental instability, decreased canalization and plasticity can be cooperative and the relationships between decreased canalization and plasticity are more likely to be positive if decreased canalization is due to vibrant growth rather than stressful effects. The relationships of plasticity with developmental instability differed from its relationship with decreased canalization in the way of variation. Decreased canalization should be more beneficial for possible plasticity in the future, while canalization may be the outcome of already-expressed plasticity.
The Influence of the obstacle position on the explosion characteristics of methane-hydrogen-air premixed gas in a closed 90° bend pipe
Authors: Li Xue , Yin Qing , Zhou Ning , Qian Xingyi , Yang Chunhai , Yu Yongbin , Chen Bing , Liu Xuanya , Huang Weiqiu , Yuan Xiongjun , Zhao Huijun
Published: August 2023

Experiment and numerical simulation were combined to reveal the influence of the obstacle position on the combustion and explosion characteristics of methane-hydrogen-air mixture in a closed 90° bend pipe. The results showed that the synergistic effect of the obstacle and the hydrogen addition significantly enhanced the explosion intensity of the mixed gas. Affected by the turbulent vortex near the obstacle, the flame was distorted significantly when it approached the obstacles, thus enhancing the flame instability and accelerating the flame transition from layer to turbulence. The relative position between the obstacle and the elbow in the 90°bend pipe had an obvious influence on the excitation of flame propagation. When the distance between the obstacle and the elbow was more than 6 times the diameter of the pipe, the closer the obstacle was to the ignition end, the stronger the excitation effect. When the distance between the obstacle and the elbow was 2 to 6 times the diameter of the pipe, the excitation effect of the obstacle on the flame propagation gradually increases with the decrease of the distance. When the distance between the obstacle and the elbow was less than twice the diameter of the pipe, because the vortex size was less than the distance between the obstacle and the elbow, the flame easily contacted pipe wall after it entered the vortex area, resulting in partial flame extinguishing,, which was not conducive to the flame acceleration. When the obstacle was located behind the elbow, the excitation effect of the obstacle on the flame propagation was weak. The maximum explosion pressure of the methane-hydrogen-air premixed gas in the barrier bend pipe can be divided into two parts according to obstacle positions. When the distance between the obstacle and the elbow was more than 6 times the diameter of the pipe, the maximum explosion pressure was mainly affected by the obstacle position. However, when the distance between the obstacle and the elbow was less than 6 times the diameter of the pipe, the maximum explosion pressure was comprehensively affected by the combustion characteristics of the mixed gas and the obstacle position.
Random Subspace Evolutionary Feature Selection for High-dimensional Data
Authors: Tran Cao Truong
Published: August 2023

Classification represents a fundamental task in machine learning and data mining. Many real-world datasets exhibit a large number of features but only a limited number of instances, which often poses challenges for conventional classification algorithms. Dealing with such datasets, one prevalent approach involves using feature selection to retain relevant features while eliminating irrelevant ones. Although evolutionary computation algorithms have been extensively used for such problems, they do not perform well with these high-dimensional datasets. To address these limitations, this paper introduces a random subspace evolutionary feature selection method that performs feature selection on small subsets of features to avoid overfitting and speed up the process and employs multiple feature subspaces to prevent stagnation in local optima during feature selection. The experimental results demonstrate that this novel method achieves higher accuracy and greater stability compared to other commonly used benchmark feature selection techniques.
Universal inequalities for eigenvalues of a clamped plate problem of the drifting Laplacian
Authors: He Yue , Pu Shiyun
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we study the universal inequalities for eigenvalues of a clamped plate problem of the driftingLaplacian in several cases, and establish some universal inequalities that are different from those in [Feng Du, Chuanxi Wu, Guanghan Li and Changyu Xia, Z. Angew. Math. Phys. 66 (2015), no. 3, 703-726].
MSC 2010: 35P15, 53C20, 53C42, 58G25.
Bioinformatics analysis of GPS1 expression and biological function in breast cancer
Authors: Wei Hong , Niu Chaocan , Ji Ruixue , Jiang Wenwen , Tang Jiawei , Meng Zhexuan , Cao Xiaoyang , Zhang Xinyi , Liu Xue
Published: August 2023

Backgrounds
G protein pathway suppressor 1 (GPS1) is involved in the development of many diseases including tumors, but its specific regulatory mechanism in breast cancer is not clear. The goal of the present study was to explore the biological effects and underlying mechanism of GPS1 in breast cancer.
Methods
Public databases were used to analyze GPS1 expression and the relationship with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of breast cancer patients, combined with in vitro experiments to analyze the mechanism of action and immune relevance of GPS1 in breast cancer.
Results
Data analysis showed that the expression of GPS1 in breast cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in paracancerous tissues (p < 0.001), and the receiver operating curve (ROC) revealed a higher diagnostic efficiency (AUC = 0.832). Survival analyses indicated that patients with high GPS1 expression made the prognosis worse in Luminal B, low to intermediate grade breast cancers. Enrichment analysis showed that GPS1 was involved in the formation of ribonucleoprotein complexes, which dynamically altered the fate of RNA; it could also enhance the responsiveness of the Wnt pathway by interacting with WBP2. In addition, GPS1 expression was closely related to the immune microenvironment. GPS1 knockdown inhibits the proliferation, invasion and migration of MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro.
Conculsions
This study suggests that the upregulation of GPS1 is associated with the malignant biological behavior and prognosis of breast cancer and may promote cancer progression. The correlation between GPS1 and the immune microenvironment suggests that it may be a potential target for immunotherapy.
Milestones and Key performance Indicators to Assess the Capacity of Rapid Response Teams in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: A Methodological Approach
Authors: Elnosserry Sherein , Buliva Evans , Elkholy Amgad Abdalla , Abubakar Abdinasir , Koya Shaffi Fazaludeen , mahboob Amira
Published: August 2023

Background: A country’s capabilities to conduct proper response activities to outbreaks depend on its capacity for early detection and operational efficiency for a timely response through its frontline healthcare workers including public health rapid response teams (RRTs). RRT capacity and operation vary among the countries in the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR) have never been systematically assessed, therefore, WHO EMRO decided to define a set of indicators that could be used for the evaluation of RRTs' capacity and performance among its member countries. The purpose of the present study was to develop performance measures for assessment of RRT in EMR.
Methods: Extensive literature review was carried out for critical elements/themes/categories of RRTs evaluation. Data were extracted using the “descriptive-analytical” method. An initial list of 126 indicators covering 8 themes/categories/ dimensions emerged. Using a modified Delphi paradigm, a multidisciplinary panel group of experts in outbreak response, epidemiology, public health, microbiology, social mobilization, and public health management assisted in the development and selection of the final set of indicators. A final list of 15 performance indicators was developed guided by the theory of change, logic model for RRT, and the RRT cycle.
Results: The final list covered 8 categories including workforce of RRTs, presence of standard operating procedures for RRT operations, financial and logistic support of RRTs deployment, timeliness of RRT operations/ activities, documentation and reporting of RRT response, interventional response of RRTs and monitoring and evaluation of RRT activities. Experts agreed upon 15 KPIs in 8 domains related to RRT operations and activities.
Conclusion: The developed KPIs are suggested to be used to guide policies and decisions related to RRT performance, operations, and evaluation.
RETRACTED: An empirical analysis of tax buoyancy in India
Authors: Arya Nitish Kumar
Published: August 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Shift in prevalence and systemic inflammation levels from NAFLD to MAFLD: a population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Liu Qingdan , Han Meilan , Li Meilan , Huang Xiaoyin , Feng Ruimei , Li Wanxin , Chen Jun , He Haiying , Zheng Wenxin , Hu Zhijian , Du Shanshan , Ye Weimin
Published: August 2023

Background
The difference in prevalence and systemic inflammatory (SI) status from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to newly defined metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) was less reported. Therefore, we estimated the prevalence and summarized the systemic inflammation levels of MAFLD and NAFLD in a general population from Southern China to explore the potential effect of the transformation of disease definition.
Methods
In total, 6718 subjects aged 35–74 years old from a general population cohort were enrolled. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were used to examine the relationship between 15 SI indicators and NAFLD and MAFLD. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to investigate their predictive value for MAFLD and NAFLD.
Results
The prevalence of MAFLD and NAFLD was 34.7% and 32.4%, respectively. Their overlapping rate was 89.7%, while only 8.3% and 1.9% of participants were MAFLD-only and NAFLD-only. Among three FLD groups, the MAFLD-only group had the highest levels of 8 SI indicators. The non-FLD group had the lower levels of all 15 SI indicators compared with all FLD subgroups. The odds ratios (ORs) of 10 SI indicators were significant in both multivariable-adjusted logistic regression and RCS analyses of MAFLD or NAFLD. ROC analysis showed that the AUC values of all SI were lower than 0.7 in both MAFLD and NAFLD.
Conclusions
MAFLD could cover more FLD than NAFLD, and the MAFLD-only group had a more severe inflammation status, whereas the NAFLD-only exhibited lower levels.
Development and validation of a web-based nomogram for predicting cancer-specific survival in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A SEER database analysis
Authors: Liu Yao-Ge , Jiang Shi-Tao , Zhang Jun-Wei , Zhang Lei , Zhao Hai-Tao , Sang Xin-Ting , Lu Xin , Xu Yi-Yao
Published: August 2023

Background
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICCA) is one of the most malignant tumors of the biliary system. This study aims to develop and validate a prognostic nomogram that can estimate the probability of 1-, 3- and 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) for ICCA patients.
Methods
Clinical data of 1387 patients diagnosed with ICCA between 2010 and 2017 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database were analyzed. 970 patients were set as the training cohort to construct the nomogram while the rest 417 patients were set as the validation cohort. To compare the efficacy to predict 1-, 3-, and 5-year CSS of the nomogram with the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system, we evaluated the Harrell’s index of concordance (C-index), area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and decision curve analysis (DCA) in both cohorts. Meanwhile, a dynamic network-based nomogram was published.
Results
Age, sex, AJCC T stage, AJCC N stage, AJCC M stage, surgery status, and tumor grade were selected as independent prognostic risk factors to build the nomogram. The C-index in the training and validation cohorts were 0.726 and 0.711 respectively. The AUCs in the training cohort for 1-, 3-, and 5-year CSS prediction were 0.787, 0.828, and 0.843. In the validation cohort, the AUCs were 0.776, 0.817, and 0.782. All of the AUCs of the nomogram for 1-, 3-, and 5-year CSS prediction performed better than the AJCC staging system. Moreover, the DCA analysis demonstrated the net benefit of the nomogram was better. The survival analysis showed the survival rate of patients classified as high-risk based on the nomogram score was significantly lower compared to those categorized as low-risk (p < 0.0001).
Conclusions
An accurate and convenient nomogram was established to assist clinicians in making more personalized prognosis predictions for ICCA patients.
A theoretical study of spectral properties of pulsed chirped Generalized beams in oceanic turbulence
Authors: Benzehoua Halima , Saad Faroq , Belafhal Abdelmajid
Published: August 2023

Generalized Hermite cosh Gaussian (GHCG) beam has been produced as generalized beams with special profiles. The analytical expression of the intensity spectral of pulsed chirped GHCG beam passing through turbulent oceanic is derived using extended Huygens-Fresnel principle and the Fourier Transform method. The study examines various factors, including ocean turbulence, transverse position, and initial beam parameters, to understand their influence on the spectral intensity of the pulsed chirped GHCG beam by using numerical simulations. Moreover, the effects of both optical parameters and oceanic turbulence parameters on spectral shifts at different observation positions are discussed in detail. The results obtained provide a comprehensive understanding of the spectral transition of the pulsed chirped GHCG beam propagating through turbulent oceanic environments and hold potential applications in information coding and transmission for marine communication systems.
Irregularly-bounded cross sections’ shape factors from high-order piecewise-polynomials
Authors: Júnior Valdecir Alves dos Santos , de Oliveira José One , de Oliveira Gustavo Charles Peixoto
Published: August 2023

In a two-dimensional domain, bounded cross-sections are interpretable from the generalized concept of “aperture” and embrace uncountable applications. Shapefactors for apertures confined by irregular boundaries are much less known than regular ones. Besides, they are poorly estimated due to restrictions in experimental measurements of underlying properties and do not have immediate determination. An example is the estimation of the Kozeny constant in models derived from the classical Kozeny-Carman equation. This paper presents a numerical Galerkinbasedintegral (GBI) model that computes shape factors for apertures confined by arbitrary boundaries, thus filling a knowledge gap regarding shape factor determination. The technique relies on two underlying pillars: accurate boundary reconstruction by high-order piecewise polynomials and shape factor recovery using the Poiseuille number. The GBI technique treats the fluid flow as fully developed under the laminar regime, thus allowing a reasonable comprehension of the cross-sectional dynamics. Our study stands on realistic apertures modeled from rock core samples and is additive to understanding transport mechanisms in fractured media. The outcomes are specifically helpful for people who deal with fluid injection of any kind and need to compute shape factors for ducts, fissures, or cracks, either for biotechnology, engineering, or medical applications.
Salamander Habitats in an Urban Context within Allegheny County
Authors: Flynn Sean , Flynn Sean Patrick
Published: August 2023

Human population growth has led to urbanization. Ecosystems produce habitats for many species in both local and national areas. Salamanders are crucial for ecosystems and urbanization affects them by having habitats being destroyed. Several tools along with a comparison between the Simpson and McIntosh Biodiversity Index, allows the results to show similar scores between the diversity indexes and while the scores are great considering the landscape of Allegheny County, more research needs to be done regarding observations and how the ever-changing environment affects salamanders throughout the life cycle.
A Hybrid Modeling Framework for Generalizable and Interpretable Predictions of ICU Mortality: Leveraging ICD Codes in a Multi-Hospital Study of Mechanically Ventilated Influenza Patients
Authors: Samadi Moein Einollahzadeh , Guzman-Maldonado Jorge , Nikulina Kateryna , Mirzaieazar Hedieh , Sharafutdinov Konstantin , Fritsch Sebastian Johannes , Schuppert Andreas
Published: August 2023

The development of reliable mortality risk stratification models is an active research area in computational healthcare. Mortality risk stratification provides a standard to assist physicians in evaluating a patient's condition or prognosis objectively. Particular interest lies in methods that are transparent to clinical interpretation and that retain predictive power once validated across diverse datasets they were not trained on.
We've developed a hybrid model integrating mechanistic, clinical knowledge with mathematical and machine learning models to predict ICU mortality using ICD codes. A tree-structured network connecting independent modules that carry clinical meaning is implemented for interpretability. The trained model is then validated on external datasets from different hospitals, demonstrating successful generalization capabilities.
Research on reliability from wastewater online monitoring data for CODcr with primary test method by CSS-bias-correction of Deming regression analysis
Authors: Xingrong Niu , Lei Geng , Zhijing Sun , Shuo Yang , Zhiqiang Pan , Dongchang Ma , Douwen Wang
Published: August 2023

There is a large number of online automatic devices, as the process stream analyzer undertaken testing in China, for their superiority compared with the laboratory technology. However, it has to be admitted that the online system, belonging to a non-standard, shall be paid more attention for its reliability. In this paper, for the chemical oxygen demand-dichromate method (CODcr) analysis in wastewater pollution sources using the online system (as X-method) [1–6] in comparison with primary test method (PTM as Y-method) [7], we, via Deming regression [8] of variable error at levels, fit with centered squares sum (CSS) correction between both methods, first unbiased (CSS0), and then constant bias (CSS1) or linear bias (CSS2). F and t, as well as χ2 distribution test are subsequently followed by for the selected CSS. To ensure residuals from the selected CSS under independent identical distribution (i.i.d) condition [9–15], Anderson Darling (AD) hypothesis test [16–19] is strongly recommended for i.i.d condition. All cumulative effects brought by the corrected online system under top-down site precision, are incorporated into the estimated value of the extended uncertainty to the maximum extent and avoided the complicated correlation, which is very helpful to improve the quality level of the online system.
The Use of GIS and Multi Criteria Analysis for Sustainable Land Use Planning in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Lalitpur District, Nepal
Authors: Thapa Narayan , Pant Pragya , Parsai Ritika , Mahata Aayush , Dulal Sujan
Published: August 2023

Nepal is facing rapid urbanization leading to unplanned land development/use. This research paper focuses on conducting a comprehensive land use suitability analysis for urban development in Lalitpur District, Nepal. By employing Geographic Information System (GIS) and Multi-criteria Analysis (MCA) techniques, this study aims to provide valuable insights into identifying suitable area for urban development and facilitating valuable insights into identifying suitable area for urban expansion and opening doors for informed decision making by planner and policy makers. By studying factors such as existing infrastructure which include land cover, population density, flood sensitivity, slope, digital elevation model (DEM), road network and proximity to brick factory, land fill site the study identified suitable areas for urban development in Lalitpur District. We divided the study area into four suitability classes: highly suitable, moderately suitable, marginally suitable, and not suitable. From our case study we found out that the highly suitable regions are typically flat, have low population densities, areas close to infrastructure, far away from landfill site, flood region and brick factory. Moderate suitable areas are typically hilly, have higher population densities, and areas farther from infrastructure. Marginal suitable areas are in floodplains, have steep slopes, and are near to industrial areas. Not suitable areas are too steep, highly prone to flood, too close to industrial areas, and have high population density. The findings of the analysis emphasize the importance of considering environmental factors in land use planning and urban development. It highlights the need to preserve green spaces, protect water bodies, and ensure the long-term well-being of residents. The results provide valuable insights for decision-makers and urban planners, enabling them to make informed decisions and allocate resources effectively.
Effect of molecular perovskite energetic materials DAP-4 on energy performances of solid propellants
Authors: Wang Yi
Published: August 2023

The molecular perovskite high-energetic material, i.e., (H2dabco)[NH4(ClO4)3] (DAP-4), is a highly promising explosive. Its standard specific impulse (Isp) is up to 3324.2N·s/kg and it is currently known as the high-energy material with the highest specific impulse among the high explosives. In this work, the energy performances of HTPB propellants, GAP propellants, CMDB propellants, and NEPE propellants are calculated by means of NASA-CEA2 software under standard conditions. The focus was on studying the trend of propellant energy changes after replacing RDX, HMX, CL-20, and TKX-50 with DAP-4, meanwhile, the energy performance of four types of propellants containing DAP-4 are compared. The results show that the standard specific impulse (Isp) and characteristic velocity (C*) increase linearly when DAP-4 is added to the propellant formula. Especially when the formula only contains DAP-4, the Isp of HTPB propellant, GAP propellant, CMDB propellant, and NEPE propellant reach 2731.3N/s/kg, 2782.2N/s/kg, 2873.2N/s/kg, and 2898.3N/s/kg, respectively, and C* reach 1673.5m/s, 1686.5m/s, 1745.4m/s, and 1758.5m/s, respectively. They are much higher than the specific impulse and characteristic velocity of solid propellant known at present, and this means that strategic missiles can increase the weight of the warhead by 2-3 times, or reduce the volume of the missile to 2/3 of its original volume, while maintaining a constant range. Moreover, when the mass fraction of DAP-4 is fixed, the energy performance ranking of the four propellants is: CL-20 propellant > HMX propellant ≈ RDX propellant > TKX-50 propellant. At the same time, the data of combustion temperature (Tc) and average molecular weight (Mc) of combustion products are also given. By analyzing the changes of these two parameters, the change mechanism of specific impulse and characteristic velocity after adding DAP-4 is partially explained, which provides a reference for the application of DAP-4 in solid propellant.