bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Transisi Fasa dan Sifat Dielektrik Pada Li2CoSiO4 yang Dipreparasi dari Silika Sekam Padi dan Produk Daur Ulang Katoda Baterai Ion Litium Bekas
Authors: Riyanto Agus , Sembiring Simon , Megawati Megawati , Mabarroh Ni’matil , Junaidi Junaidi , Ginting Ediman
Published: March 2019

Studi ini mendeskripsikan analisis transisi fasa dan sifat dielektrik pada bahan litium kobalt silikat (Li2CoSiO4) yang dipreparasi dari silika sekam padi dan produk daur ulang katoda baterai ion litium bekas dengan perbandingan massa 1:1. Transisi fasa pada sampel Li2CoSiO4 dipelajari menggunakan teknik termogravimetry/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA). Sedangkan, nilai konstanta dielektrik pada sampel yang telah disinter pada suhu 600 – 900 oC dikarakterisasi menggunakan inductance, capacitance, dan resistance (LCR) meter. Hasilnya, pada rentang suhu 410 – 850 oC terjadi transisi polimorfik fasa  menjadi fasa . Suhu 850 oC juga merupakan titik transisi dimana fasa  berubah menjadi fasa . Transisi fasa yang terjadi pada sampel  Li2CoSiO4 diikuti dengan peningkatan nilai konstanta dielektrik dalam rentang frekuensi 450 – 100.000 Hz.

Analysis of Phase Transition and Dielectric Properties of Li2CoSiO4 Prepared from Rice Husk Silica and The Recycling Product of Used Lithium Ion Batteries Cathode. This study describes the analysis of the phase transition and dielectric properties of lithium cobalt silicate (Li2CoSiO4) prepared from rice husk silica and the recycling product of used lithium ion batteries cathode with mass ratio of 1:1. Phase transition in Li2CoSiO4 sample was studied using thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) techniques. Meanwhile, the dielectric constant value in the samples sintered at temperature of 600 – 900 oC were characterized using inductance, capacitance, and resistance (LCR) meter. As a result, a polymorphic transition from  phase to  phase was occured in the temperature range of 410 ­– 850 oC. Temperature of 850 oC is a transition point from  phase to  phase. The phase transitions occured in the Li2CoSiO4 was followed by the increasing of the dielectric constant in the frequency range of 450 – 100,000 Hz.
Postmodernizmin Örgütteki İnsan Davranışlarına Yansıması
Authors: ÖZTÜRK İlknur
Published: March 2019

17.
Yüzyılda, özellikle Avrupa’da meydana gelen teknolojik ve ekonomik alandaki
gelişmeler toplumları, modernleşme olarak adlandırılan bir değişim sürecine
girmeye zorlamıştır. Modernleşme, eskisinden
farklı olan yeni bir dünya düzeni anlamına gelmektedir. 1980’den sonra modern
dönem yerini postmodern döneme bırakmıştır. İlk olarak mimari alanda kullanılan
postmodernizm daha sonra sosyoloji, psikoloji ve yönetim vb., pek çok alanda kullanılmaya
devam etmiştir. İnsan; üretimin, rekabetin ve bilginin vazgeçilmez bir
unsurudur. İşletmelerin içinde yaşadığı dönem ise bilginin ön plana çıktığı
postmodern dönemdir. Postmodernizm, modernizmin ötesine geçmek anlamını
taşıdığı için, insan özellikleri de modernizmin ötesine geçmiştir. Bu
çalışmada, postmodernizm kavramsal ve tarihsel yönü ile çeşitli yazarların
görüşlerine yer verilerek ele alınmıştır. Bu süreç içerisinde değişime uğrayan
insan özellikleri ve bu değişimin örgütteki insan davranışlarına yansıması
incelenmiştir.
Deconstructing the Sykes-Picot Myth: Frontiers, Boundaries, Borders and the Evolution of Ottoman Territoriality
Authors: KURŞUN Ali Murat
Published: March 2019

This study aims to evaluate the emergence of the Sykes-Picot order and
deconstruct its mythologization by proposing an evolutionary assessment of
border understanding. This study addresses the following primary research
questions: How did the interplay of domestic, regional, and international developments
lay the groundwork for the formation of the Sykes-Picot territorial order? How
was the administrative structure and regional divisions before the Sykes-Picot
agreement and to which border categorizations did these structures correspond?
Was the Sykes-Picot agreement the only international intervention that affected
the borders of the region or were there other international interventions
before the Sykes-Picot agreement? This study argues that the history of Middle
Eastern border formation is not only an international one but also involves
many aspects that have not widely been taken into consideration. In doing so, this
paper adopts a critical historical perspective to analyze the evolution of
Middle Eastern borders. This paper proposes a three-tracked evolutionary
analytical framework (frontiers, boundaries, borders) to analyze the emergence
of borders and applies it to the emergence of Ottoman territoriality. This
study concludes that the Sykes-Picot agreement is only one, complementary part
of a long process in the emergence of Middle Eastern geopolitics.
Malicious Actors on Twitter: A Guide for Public Health Researchers
Authors: Jamison Amelia M. , Broniatowski David A. , Quinn Sandra Crouse
Published: March 2019

Social bots and other malicious actors have a significant presence on Twitter. It is increasingly clear that some of their activities can have a negative impact on public health.

This guide provides an overview of the types of malicious actors currently active on Twitter by highlighting the characteristic behaviors and strategies employed. It covers both automated accounts (including traditional spambots, social spambots, content polluters, and fake followers) and human users (primarily trolls). It also addresses the unique threat of state-sponsored trolls. We utilize examples from our own research on vaccination to illustrate.

The diversity of malicious actors and their multifarious goals adds complexity to research efforts that use Twitter. Bots are now part of the social media landscape, and although it may not be possible to stop their influence, it is vital that public health researchers and practitioners recognize the potential harms and develop strategies to address bot- and troll-driven messages.
US Emergency Department Visits for Acute Harms From Prescription Opioid Use, 2016–2017
Authors: Lovegrove Maribeth C. , Dowell Deborah , Geller Andrew I. , Goring Sandra K. , Rose Kathleen O. , Weidle Nina J. , Budnitz Daniel S.
Published: March 2019

Objectives. To estimate the number of US emergency department visits for prescription opioid harms by patient characteristics, intent, clinical manifestations, and active ingredient.

Methods. We used data from medical record–based surveillance from a nationally representative 60-hospital sample.

Results. Based on 7769 cases, there were 267 020 estimated emergency department visits annually (95% confidence interval [CI] = 209 833, 324 206) for prescription opioid harms from 2016 to 2017. Nearly half of visits (47.6%; 95% CI = 40.8%, 54.4%) were attributable to nonmedical opioid use, 38.9% (95% CI = 32.9%, 44.8%) to therapeutic use, and 13.5% (95% CI = 11.0%, 16.0%) to self-harm. Co-implication with other pharmaceuticals and concurrent illicit drug and alcohol use were common; prescription opioids alone were implicated in 31.5% (95% CI = 27.2%, 35.8%) of nonmedical use visits and 19.7% (95% CI = 15.7%, 23.7%) of self-harm visits. Unresponsiveness or cardiorespiratory failure (30.0%) and altered mental status (35.7%) were common in nonmedical use visits. Gastrointestinal effects (30.4%) were common in therapeutic use visits. Oxycodone was implicated in more than one third of visits across intents.

Conclusions. Morbidity data can help target interventions, such as dispensing naloxone to family and friends of those with serious overdose, and screening and treatment of substance use disorder when opioids are prescribed long-term.
Thermoregulation, Haematological Profile and Productivity of Holstein Friesian Under Heat Stress at Different Land Elevations
Authors: Mariana Elmy , Sumantri Cece , Astuti Dewi Apri , Anggraeni Anneke , Gunawan Asep
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of heat stress on thermoregulation, haematology, and productivity of Holstein Friesian (HF) dairy cows raised in different elevations. A total of 63 HF in a normal lactation period were used in this study. The research was conducted for 3 months during dry season in three different areas, which were at Pondok Ranggon (97 m.a.s.l) which categorized as a lowland, Ciawi (576 m.a.s.l) which categorized as a lower-upland, and Lembang (1241 m.a.s.l) which categorized as an upland. Observation on microclimate aspects which includes environmental temperature (Ta), relative humidity (RH) and Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) was done by recording each variable for every 2 hours starting from 08.00 to 16.00 WIB. The thermoregulation analysis was done based on the given physiological responses which consisted of the skin temperature (Ts), rectal temperature (Tr), body temperature (Tb), heart rate (Hr), respiratory rate (Rr), Heat Tolerance Coefficient (HTC), plasma cortisol level and haematological profile observation. The Ta, Rr, and THI measurements showed that in the lowland and lower-upland, the HF experienced moderate heat stress, while the HF raised in the upland area experienced less heat stress. The results showed that the dairy cows which raised in lowland had the highest HTC, Tr, Ts and Tb (P<0.05) and lowest Hr (P<0.05). All of the physiological and haematological parameters in the three study area showed a normal value.Furthermore, the erythrocyte, Hb and PVC concentration in a lowland raised HF were higher (P<0.05), while the plasma cortisol levels were not significantly different. The milk production of the observed dairy cows in different elevations was significantly different (P<0.05), with the highest milk yields, were found in the upland raised HF (13.1±3.52 kg), followed by the lower-upland (11.3±4.73 kg) and lowland (7.0±3.36 kg). In general, all of the HF raised in different land elevations was exposed to heat stress during dry seasons, even though the cows showed the ability to physiologically adapt and cope with the conditions.
Managed Pressure Cementing MPC within a Narrow Pressure Window, Deepwater Gulf of Mexico Application
Authors: Teoh Michael , Moghazy Sharief , Smelker Keith , Noort Roger Van , Valecillos Juan C. , Hernandez Julian , Arnone Maurizio , Krietemeyer Lance
Published: March 2019

Managed pressure cementing (MPC) is an important technique for primary cementing operations in wells with narrow pressure margins between the pore and fracture gradients. This paper presents the design considerations, methodology and results of two deepwater MPC operations conducted to cement production casing strings within a target operating window of approximately three tenths of a pound.

Slurry densities commonly lead to high equivalent circulating density (ECD) levels during cementing operations. This condition, combined with mud weights conventionally designed to be above pore pressure, typically results in downhole pressures which approach or exceed the fracture limit. Commonly, operators implement strategies to mitigate undesired results during the cementing phase, however, in most cases the root cause of the problem cannot be adequately addressed by taking a conventional approach.

Modern transient hydraulic modeling software permit the calculation of adequate surface pressure levels to control the annular pressure profile during the different stages of a cementing operation. Based on a predetermined annular pressure target, different variables can be designed to produce surface and downhole pressures within existing limits of a particular operation. This capability combined with modern managed pressure drilling (MPD) systems enables accurate control of the annular pressure profile during cementing and allows obtaining near constant bottomhole pressures (BHP) throughout the cement placement operation while using statically underbalanced mud columns.

This case study presents an overview of the engineering process used to plan and design the managed pressure cementing operations on two wells and the results obtained. The results of this study demonstrate the advantages of using modern MPD systems over the conventional approach when it comes to primary cementing within narrow downhole pressure windows often encountered during deepwater drilling operations.
The Business Case for ABP MPD Use in Deepwater Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Moghazy Sharief , Van Noort Roger , Shayegi Sara
Published: March 2019

Surface Applied Back Pressure Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) systems provide a potentially game changing technology for Deepwater Gulf of Mexico drilling applications by means of annular pressure manipulation for drilling through narrow margins, cementing across potential loss zones, assisting in running completions, and mitigating non-productive time. The technology however, is not without cost and the challenge remains to build the business case to utilize MPD in Deepwater applications. Recently several wells were successfully drilled using this technology to the planned target depth accessing reserves that would not have been possible otherwise. This type of scenario where using MPD to stay within a narrow margin has been the means to justify the upfront costs to get a rig outfitted with MPD and the operating costs of the system during use. Once a rig is outfitted with MPD, the economics for a project shift, however, justifying the business case purely based on NPT savings is still not typically viable. This paper will provide the operator's perspective of the cost-benefit analysis for MPD use and provide business case examples for the use in Deepwater Gulf of Mexico. The impact of lessons learned on an ongoing campaign and the savings viable for this and other implementation scenarios will also be discussed to develop a robust case for MPD adoption.
MPD Called to a Post Well-Control Event to Free a Differentially Stuck Pipe
Authors: Nabiyev Akram , Nauduri Sagar , Parker Martyn , Fisher Darin , Cunningham David
Published: March 2019

An operator considered using Constant Bottomhole Pressure (CBHP) Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) in the evaluation phase of a drilling project and decided not to go forward with MPD. While drilling the well, unfortunately, they had a well control event that required an increased mud-weight ultimately resulting in a differentially stuck-pipe condition.

MPD services were exclusively called to help free this differentially stuck pipe/BHA. MPD provided enough flexibility to deliberately reduce the wellbore pressure below pore-pressure and decrease the differential pressure to free the stuck pipe/BHA. Using CBHP variation of MPD resulted in unsticking the pipe as explained in this case history. The detected influx was circulated out with appropriate pump rate (high flow rate) using MPD equipment. The operator drilled forward with the assistance and additional protection of MPD to reach the Targeted Depth (TD) without having further issues in a very narrow drilling window. This successful field operation shows that CBHP MPD can indeed be used to precisely manage the annular pressures, as elaborated in the IADC's MPD definition, and safely and successfully solve some of the baffling problems of the drilling industry.
Evaluation of Reservoir Cooling Effect on IWAG Performance for Mature Waterflooded Malaysian Oil Field
Authors: Razak Wan Nurul , Sapawi Awg M. , Abdullah Zaidi Zainal , Raub Mohd Razib
Published: March 2019

After 30 years of waterflooding, distributed temperature sensors (DTS) data on an oilfield has recorded up to 50% reduction in reservoir temperature from its initial value of 120°C. Literature review showed previous efforts are more inclined towards interpretating DTS data to determine layer contribution in a single well rather than studying the impact of temperature change on the field performance and recovery factor.

Changes in reservoir temperature will cause a change in reservoir fluids properties and fluids mobilities and subsequent recovery factor will be impacted. In order to determine the impact of reservoir cooling on IWAG (immiscible water-alternate gas) performance, a comprehensive study has been performed combining coreflood experiment with a 3D reservoir modeling.

3D thermal reservoir model has been constructed and calibrated for the purpose of determining the temperature distribution across the field. The model indicates that with higher injection volume of water; reservoir temperature is lowered with temperature distribution highly influenced by the reservoir properties, injected volume, and fluid properties.

The coreflood experiments have been performed under isothermal and reduced temperature using a stack of native cores with average properties closely match the reservoir rock that carry most of the oil in place. The results showed an incremental IWAG recovery factor of up to 4% (STOIIP) higher in the reduced temperature experiment compared to IWAG experiment under isothermal conditions.

This research paper has demonstrated that ignoring the effect of reservoir cooling in IWAG project can lead to an underestimated IWAG recovery factor and eventually impacting the overall project economics.
LASIK-induced Corneal Changes after Correction of Hyperopia with and without Application of Mitomycin-C
Authors: Moawad Ehab M. , Elghany Ahmed A. Abd , Gab-Alla Amr A. , Elbassiouny Osama M. , Badawy Mohsen S.
Published: March 2019

Background

The study aimed to assess the role of intraoperative mitomycin-C (MMC) application during hyperopic LASIK correction (+1.00 D to +6.00 D) by examining topographic corneal changes and incidence of regression over a one-year follow-up period.

Methods

This comparative randomized control study included 136 eyes of 68 hyperopic patients divided into two groups; Group A included 68 eyes of 34 patients that had LASIK with the application of 0.02% MMC for 10 seconds on the stromal bed after excimer laser treatment, and group B included 68 eyes of 34 patients that had LASIK without MMC application. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), refraction, keratometry and topography were recorded at 1st week and 1st, 3rd, 6th, and 12th months postoperation. Predictability and treatment efficacy were also recorded at the end of the follow-up period.

Results

Better predictability was noted in group A than in group B at the 6 month and 12 month follow-up visits, with a mean cycloplegic refraction SE of +0.5 ± 0.31 D in group A and +0.67 ± 0.39 D in group B at the 6 month visit, and +0.63 ± 0.37 D in group A and +0.89 ± 0.48 D in group B at the 12 month visit. The efficacy of the treatment at the end of the follow up period was better in group A than in group B. Group A showed fewer topographic corneal changes than group B.

Conclusions

Intraoperative MMC application during hyperopic LASIK achieves better predictability and efficacy and induces fewer topographic changes and lower regression rate of hyperopia during the first postoperative year.

Trial registration: the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry PACTR201901543722087, on 29 January 2019.
Maximising the relevance of randomised trials to primary care: a qualitative study.
Authors: Forbes Gordon John , Loudon Kirsty , Clinch Megan , Taylor Stephanie JC , Treweek Shaun , Eldridge Sandra
Published: March 2019

Background
Pragmatic trials have been suggested as a way to improve the relevance of clinical trial results to practice. PRECIS-2 is a trial design tool which considers how pragmatic a trial is across a number of domains. It is not known whether a pragmatic approach to all PRECIS-2 domains leads to results being more relevant to primary care. The aim of this study was to investigate the views of people with influence on primary care practice towards the design of randomised trials, pragmatic approaches to trial design, and the PRECIS-2 domains.
Methods
We carried out semi-structured interviews with people who influence practice in primary care in the UK. A thematic analysis was undertaken using the framework approach.
Results
We conducted individual or small group interviews involving 17 individuals in total. We found a wide range of views. These highlighted that an exclusively pragmatic approach may not always make the results of trials more applicable to primary care. For example, it may be better to have less flexibility in the way interventions are delivered in randomised trials than in practice. In addition, an appropriate balance needs to be struck when thinking about levels of resourcing and the intensity of steps needed to improve adherence in a trial. Across other aspects of a trial’s design, for example the population and trial setting, a pragmatic approach was viewed as more appropriate.
Conclusions
To maximize the relevance of research directed at primary care, trials should be conducted with the same populations and settings that are found in primary care. Across other aspects of trials it is not always necessary to match the conditions found in practice.
PREDICTING PRIVATE SAVING WITHIN MALAY COMMUNITY
Authors: Mei Teh Goi  , Mohd Rizal Palil  , Nor Hazila Mohd Zain  , Nor Hasikin Mamat
Published: March 2019

Few reports have indicated that majority of Malaysians do not save enough for retirement and Malays are less likely to save money as compared to other races in Malaysia. A lot of attention has been given to the link between financial literacy and saving thus neglecting other factors that are closely related to individuals. According to Bandura’s (1977) theory, financial behaviour is closely related to personal factors such as individual characteristic, cognitive ability, self-efficacy, and religious faith. Therefore, this study aims to examine all the factors predicting private saving. Using 224 Malay respondents, logistic regression analysis was conducted. This study found that parents and religious faith significantly predicted the likelihood of private saving, but individual characteristic, cognitive ability, and self-efficacy did not significantly predict the likelihood of private saving. Thus, this study recommends using parents and religious officers to guide the Malay communities in their private saving.
Application of Phosphorus, Iron, and Silicon Reduces Yield Loss in Rice Exposed to Water Deficit Stress
Authors: Kumar Anjani , Nayak A. K. , Pani D.R. , Das B.S.
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas

Application of phosphorus, iron, and silicon was able to arrest the yield decline under water deficit stress.

There was no significant interaction among phosphorus, iron, and silicon on grain yield.

Application of these nutrients increased drought tolerance in plants.

A foremost challenge in rice (Oryza sativa L.) production is to identify suitable nutrient management strategy for reducing yield loss under water deficit stress (WDS) condition. This study investigated the interactive effects of water regime and nutrient management on grain yield and stress metabolites. Accordingly, a 2‐yr field experiment in factorial design with two levels of water management (i) well watered (WW; maintaining 5 ± 2 cm standing water) and (ii) water deficit stressed (WDS) to −60 kPa and two levels of supplementary P, Fe, and Si application was conducted. As compared to WW condition, WDS saved 52 and 46% irrigation water in 2014 and 2015 respectively, however the grain yield decreased by 32–34% under WDS as compared to WW. Application of P, Fe, and Si under WDS condition significantly increased grain yield by 7, 9, and 12%, respectively. Reduced relative water content and increased activity of osmolyte (proline) and antioxidant metabolites (catalase and peroxidase) due to application of P, Fe, and Si contributed to tolerate the WDS, which resulted in higher grain yield. Due to absence of significant interaction between P, Fe, and Si on grain yield, there was no significant advantage of application of more than one of these nutrients together. The results indicate that, application of P, Fe, and Si can increase rice grain yield and can reduce the yield loss under WDS as compared to WW condition in silt loam textured soil in Eastern India.
Long‐term crop production efficiency (sustainability)
Authors: Smith Luther
Published: March 2019

This is the first in a series of articles on sustainability brought to you by the SPARC initiative (Sustainability Programming for Ag Retailers and CCAs) to empower trusted advisers to deliver services that drive continuous improvement in the productivity, profitability, and environmental outcomes of farmers’ operations. Earn 1 CEU in Sustainability by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/678.
Optical and Molecular Signatures of Dissolved Organic Matter Reflect Anthropogenic Influence in a Coastal River, Northeast China
Authors: He Ding , He Chen , Li Penghui , Zhang Xiaowen , Shi Quan , Sun Yongge
Published: March 2019

Sources and molecular composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in coastal rivers have been tightly linked with its reactivity and fate, thus influencing element and nutrient cycling. The DOM in coastal rivers is usually sourced from both terrestrial and marine inputs, with further complication by anthropogenic activities, which is less understood in coastal rivers located near populated industrial regions. In this study, DOM in a typical anthropogenically influenced coastal river, Daliao River, was analyzed for optical analyses and for molecular composition via Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT‐ICR MS) to give a better scope of composition and sources of DOM. The DOM was enriched in autochthonous and anthropogenic inputs at upstream sites according to high chlorophyll a concentrations, strong protein‐like fluorescence, and nonoxygen heteroatomic CHOS formulae (19–24% by relative peak intensity) detected by FT‐ICR MS analysis. A series of surfactant‐like formulae, indicative of wastewater inputs, were identified and showed a decreasing trend from upstream to the river mouth. Compared with large world rivers, the DOM of Daliao River is characterized by higher abundances of heteroatomic (excluding O) formulae and molecular lability, which is likely caused by strong autochthonous and anthropogenic inputs. In general, we demonstrate that in addition to optical properties, the molecular composition can assess the specific anthropogenic imprints and molecular lability of DOM, which is essential for constraining sources and identifying processes during the transit of DOM from the river to estuary with increasing urbanization and industrialization.

Core Ideas

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) was characterized in a temperate Chinese coastal river.

Molecular composition of DOM was studied at the first time in this river.

A significant proportion of S‐containing formulae were detected.

Anthropogenic inputs affected the optical and molecular signatures of DOM.

More heteroatomic compounds were observed in Daliao River than in the largest world rivers.
Global Meta‐Analysis of Cotton Yield and Weed Suppression from Cover Crops
Authors: Toler Heather D. , Augé Robert M. , Benelli Victoria , Allen Fred L. , Ashworth Amanda J.
Published: March 2019

Cover crops can reportedly improve soil fertility, suppress weed growth and pest pressure, and contribute to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yield improvements. To systematically evaluate cover crop effects on cotton yield and weed suppression, we conducted a random‐effects meta‐analysis investigating 10 moderating variables in 104 articles, yielding 1117 independent studies over 48 yr. Globally, cover crops increased cottonseed and lint yield by 6 and 5%, respectively, while decreasing weed biomass by 20%. Overall, leguminous cover crops increased seed cotton yield by 17 to 43% (Vicia spp. and Pisum spp., respectively). Monocots, nonlegume dicots, and legumes were effective at suppressing weed growth (21, 52, and 10%, respectively). Incorporation of cover crops by tillage (rather than chemical burn down) resulted in lint (14%) and seed (42%) yield increases. Cover crops increased cotton yields markedly on loamy soils, whereas there were lesser increases for other textures (p > 0.05). Greater efficacy of cover crops at controlling weeds was proportionate to soil silt content, which was inversely related to sand content. In addition, cover crops were effective at controlling multiple types of weed species; however, weed species with shorter maximum heights were most suppressed by cover crops. Overall, cover crops had a positive effect on cotton yield and weed suppression. Their effectiveness, however, can vary depending on soil texture, management strategy, and cover crop or weed genera. These results are useful in developing recommendations for suppressing weed growth and improving yield via cover crop integration in cotton cropping systems per geographic region and soil texture.
Delineation of Groundwater Potential Zones of Semi-Arid Region of YSR Kadapa District Andhra Pradesh India using RS GIS and Analytic Hierarchy Process
Authors: M. Rajasekhar , G. Sudarsana Raju , C. Bramaiah , P. Deepthi , Y. Amaravathi , R. Siddi Raju
Published: March 2019

Water scarcity due to increasing urbanization and population in urban and rural areas makes necessary planning for artificial groundwater recharge. Remote Sensing (RS), Geographic Information System (GIS) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) are advantageous tools to delineate the Groundwater Potential Zones (GWPZ) in arid and semi-arid areas of India. An aggregate of eight thematic layers affecting groundwater potential of the area were assigned appropriate weights dependent on the Saaty’s 9 point scale. These weights were normalized using AHP technique to delineate the GWPZ. About 2.30km2 shows very good groundwater potential (GWP), 162.10km2 shows good GWP, whereas 127.78km2 and 1.45km2 are under moderate and poor GWP, correspondingly. The structural hilly terrain located in the Eastern and Southern parts has a poor groundwater potential due to higher degree of slope and low permeability of clayey soils. This study can be helpful to identify the GWPZ of drought-prone zones useful for planning and development with integrated water resources management.
Geo-spatial modeling of access to water and sanitation in Nigeria
Authors: Ajisegiri Benson , Andres Luis A. , Bhatt Samir , Dasgupta Basab , Echenique Juan A. , Gething Peter W. , Zabludovsky Jonathan Grabinsky , Joseph George
Published: March 2019

The paper presents the development and implementation of a geo-spatial model for mapping populations’ access to specified types of water and sanitation services in Nigeria. The analysis uses geo-referenced, population-representative data from the National Water and Sanitation Survey 2015, along with relevant geo-spatial covariates. The model generates predictions for levels of access to seven indicators of water and sanitation services across Nigeria at a resolution of 1 × 1 km2. Overall, the findings suggest a sharp urban–rural divide in terms of access to improved water, basic water, and improved water on premises, a low availability of piped water on premises and of sewerage systems throughout the country, a high concentration of improved sanitation in select states, and low rates of nationwide open defecation, with a few pockets of high rates of open defecation in the central and southern non-coastal regions. Predictions promise to hone the targeting of policies meant to improve access to basic services in various regions of the country.

This article has been made Open Access thanks to the generous support of a global network of libraries as part of the Knowledge Unlatched Select initiative.
“Digital” generation in the educational system of the Russian region: problems and solutions
Authors: Butsyk S. V.
Published: March 2019

The purpose of the research is to analyze pedagogical problems stemming from the emergence of a new “digital” generation in Russian educational organizations of various levels (secondary schools, universities), and search for possible solutions to these problems primarily aimed at reducing the negative impact of digital devices in students’ activities.

Materials and research methods are based on a number of foreign publications in the field of pedagogy, psychology, neurophysiology, conducted in the USA, Great Britain, Singapore and other countries since the 2000s, as well as studies of the “digital” generation of Russia in the mid-2010s. This research applied a specially developed technique that enabled conducting a relative assessment of the impact of digital devices on the activities of various students’ groups of an educational system (secondary schools - university) in one of the major Russian regions.

Results of the study conducted in 2018 in one university and several schools of various types in a region of the Russian Federation reveals that the ninth grade lyceum students show a noticeably lower degree of the effect of digital devices on their daily activities compared to the first-year students of the same university. A similar indicator of a ninth-grade students’ group of a comprehensive secondary school, on the contrary, is significantly higher when compared to that of the first-year university students. The author substantiates two main reasons that lead to this result: 1) a more optimal workload of learning and cognitive activity of lyceum students, which, as a result, significantly reduces their free time, that could be spent on entertainment/ communication; 2) better control from the parents of lyceum students.

Conclusion. The article describes two pedagogical models that allow, according to the author, to reduce the negative impact of digital devices on the younger generation. The first model (demonstrated at the Singapore Institute of Education), aimed at encouraging students to use gadgets for educational purposes, suggests a number of pedagogical conditions, both artificial (organizational and technological) and natural (age restrictions). The second model, on the one hand, does not impose strict age restrictions, but, at the same time, requires an educational organization to implement the training system that would effectively motivate students to learning and cognitive activity (with or without gadgets) on school days.
Personal account of the employer in the system of evaluation of the student team
Authors: Rochev K. V. , Modanov A. V. , Korshunov G. V.
Published: March 2019

Purpose of research. The article describes the mechanism of formation of electronic portfolio and evaluation of the student team at the University and considers the relevance of the use of such a database by employers. Based on the above-mentioned relevance, it is proposed to develop a personal account of the employer as a service over the interuniversity database of the electronic portfolio.

Materials and methods. Assessment of students in the personal account of the employer is based on the index method with a floating base on the basis of linear convolution with three-stage normalization. The article also discusses the implementation of this project with a description of technologies and approaches used in software development on the example of business process design based on structural analysis - a diagram of top-level data flows and a description of the project implementation based on service architecture and Single-Page approach is given.

Results. At this stage, methods have been developed and tested and a list of key indicators for evaluating students’ activities has been defined, a system for collecting, approving and evaluating student achievement data has been implemented. Based on these data it is possible to obtain a reliable formalized portfolio for students and graduates of the University. The employer’s personal account and data import services from external portfolio systems are at the final stage of development. The completion of this stage will provide employers with access to information about future employees, obtaining a list of the gifted students for the appointment of corporate scholarships, campaigning, attracting students’ attention to professional implementation, selection and appointment of topics of course and diploma projects and some other opportunities.

Conclusion. In conclusion, the article discusses the prospects for the development and implementation of this project: assessment of the activities of young employees, testing and questionnaires of students by employers, numerical assessment of the degree of compliance of graduates with the requirements of professional standards.
Prevention of Postoperative Recurrence in CD: Tailoring Treatment to Patient Profile
Authors: Argollo Marjorie , Kotze Paulo Gustavo , Lamonaca Laura , Gilardi Daniela , Furfaro Federica , Yamamoto Takayuki , Danese Silvio
Published: March 2019

Crohn’s disease (CD) is an immune-mediated condition characterized by the transmural inflammation of the gut tissue, associated with progressive bowel damage often leading to surgical intervention. As operative resection of the damaged segment is not curative, a majority of patients undergoing intestinal resections for complicated CD present disease recurrence within 3 years after the intervention. Postoperative recurrence can be defined as endoscopic, clinical, radiological or surgical. Endoscopic recurrence rates within 1 year exceed 60% and the severity, according to the Rutgeerts’ score, is associated with worse prognosis and can predict clinical recurrence (in up to 1/3 of the patients). Most importantly, about 50% of patients will undergo a reoperation after 10 years of their first intestinal resection. Therefore, the prevention of postoperative recurrence in CD remains a challenge in clinical practice and should be properly managed. We aim to summarize the most recent data on the definition, risk factors, assessment and treatment of postoperative CD recurrence.
Domino Liver Transplantation: Where are we Now?
Authors: Santopaolo Francesco , Lenci Ilaria , Bosa Alessandra , Angelico Mario , Milana Martina , Baiocchi Leonardo
Published: March 2019

Background:

Domino transplant occurs when a recipient explanted graft is used for a second recipient.

Introduction:

The first experience came from thoracic surgery by the observation that many patients during heart-lung transplantation actually showed a functional heart that could be employed in other subjects with a good result.

Results:

This concept was then extended to the field of liver transplantation. At present, some patients transplanted for an inborn metabolic disease may be considered as excellent domino liver donors.

Conclusion:

The results, limitations, clinical challenges and the donor and recipient features of domino liver transplantation are discussed in this manuscript.
Investment multiplier effect expands tourism destinations
Authors: Suryanata I Gusti Ngurah Putra
Published: March 2019

The study is aimed at discussing the investment multiplier effect expands tourism destinations. The main problem is how can multiplier investments in the tourism sector minimize unemployment in Junjungan Village, Ubud, Bali. The results of the analysis and discussion show that the existence of investments influences many of the social and economic life of the community, because there are so many benefits or benefits obtained by both the Gianyar government and the local community as an integral part of the tourism business on the island, both in the form of tax and assistance provided to local communities to improve the quality of life and also training in the human resources. The more investment in this village, it is expected to be able to open as wide employment opportunities as possible. Therefore, unemployment is minimized and public income is expected to continue increasing.
Термоэлектрические характеристики сильно легированного теллурида свинца p-типа при разной глубине зоны тяжелых дырок
Authors: Дмитриев А.В.
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe full set of thermoelectric parameters of heavily doped p -PbTe in the temperature range of 300–1200 K at an acceptor doping level of N _ a = 1 × 10^19–4 × 10^20 cm^–3 and a heavy-hole band depth ranging from 0.36 to 0.7 eV is calculated. The figure-of-merit value Z is found to be highly sensitive to the doping level and increased by a factor of 1.5 with an increase in the dopant concentration from 1 × 10^19 to 5 × 10^19 cm^–3; the maximum Z value is found to correspond to N _ a = (1–2) × 10^20 cm^–3. It is demonstrated that the change in the heavy-hole band depth leads to a noticeable shift of the Z maximum position along the temperature axis without noticeable Z maximum variation. The temperature corresponding to the maximum Z value is similar to that at which the top of the light-hole band crosses the Fermi level. The maximum calculateded ZT value is shown to be 1.64. At a heavy-hole band depth of 0.5 eV, the calculated results agree well with the available experimental data.
Локализованные состояния вблизи тонкого слоя с нелинейными свойствами, разделяющего нелинейные фокусирующие и дефокусирующие среды
Authors: Савотченко С.Е.
Published: March 2019

AbstractBased on the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, new types of localized states near the contact of defocusing and self-focusing media with the Kerr nonlinearity separated by a thin defect layer with the similar nonlinearity have been described. The occurrence of the localized states of two types is demonstrated. The dispersion relations between the excitation localization energy and characteristics of the media and defect layer have been obtained. The localization energy levels for particular cases have been obtained in the explicit analytical form.
Кинетика ранних стадий распада в разбавленном ОЦК-сплаве Fe-Сu-Ni-Al: MC + MD-моделирование
Authors: Карькин И.Н. , Карькина Л.Е. , Горностырев Ю.Н. , Коржавый А.П.
Published: March 2019

AbstractA combined approach including the Monte Carlo and molecular-dynamics simulation, decomposition kinetics and segregation formation in the multicomponent low-alloy Fe–1.5Cu–2Ni–1.5Al (at %) alloy is studied. It is shown that the formation of Cu nanoparticles surface-enriched with Ni and Al (coprecipitation mode) includes several stages: (i) the formation of clusters consisting of several Cu atoms, (ii) their enrichment with Ni and Al atoms, and (iii) redistribution of Ni and Al atoms with the formation of a surface layer providing stabilization of Cu nanoparticles. Observed structural features of segregations and their stability in Fe–Cu–Ni–Al alloys is discussed.
Моделирование оптоакустических сигналов в системе с упругим рассеянием и поглощением света
Authors: Ананьева М.В. , Звеков А.А. , Каленский А.В.
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe propose a method for simulating optoacoustic signals initiated by a laser pulse in an absorbing medium with elastic radiation scattering and carry out corresponding calculations. It is shown that the use of the method of spherical harmonics allows obtaining an analytical expression for the optoacoustic signal. The deviation of the absorption profile from the Bouguer type near the sample surface leads to a strong influence of the medium parameters on the position of the signal maximum. The growth of the albedo of onefold scattering leads to a decrease in the effective signal growth constant and its amplitude.
Ток насыщения стационарного конического образования на поверхности жидкости с ионной проводимостью в электрическом поле
Authors: Беляев М.А. , Зубарев Н.М. , Зубарева О.В.
Published: March 2019

AbstractConical singularities (spikes) appearing on the surface of a liquid with ionic conduction in the electric field have been studied with allowance for the influence of bulk and surface charges. It is established that the problem of field distribution admits an exact analytical solution that corresponds to the regime of charge-limited current. Dependences of the saturation current passing via a stationary conical surface singularity on the cone angle, dielectric permittivity of liquid, and mobility of positive and negative ions are determined.
Impact of Emotional Support, Informational Support, and Norms of Reciprocity on Trust Toward the Medical Aesthetic Community: The Moderating Effect of Core Self-Evaluations (Preprint)
Authors: Wu Jyh-Jeng , Khan Haider A , Chien Shu-Hua , Lee Yu-Peng
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND

The consumption of medical aesthetic services has become popular in recent years. Many people have purchased medical aesthetic services and treatments in pursuit of self-beauty. When members of online medical aesthetic communities actively participate in discussions and encourage and support one another, there is an increase in community commitment, trust toward each other, and trust toward the community, ultimately promoting social sharing in an environment of positive feedback.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore via the theory of social support—grounded in a deeper social capabilities framework developed by Khan following the Nobel laureate Amartya Sen’s groundbreaking work—whether emotional support, informational support, and norms of reciprocity in online communities impact group members in terms of creating trust toward other members. This enhances trust toward the community and generates a sense of community commitment, ultimately impacting social buying intention and social sharing intention.

METHODS

This study used IBM SPSS and AMOS to analyze data. Data were collected through online questionnaires in online medical aesthetic community forums, thereby producing samples that were both representative and accurate. To understand whether core self-evaluation (CSE) is a moderator in the relationship between social sharing intention and social buying intention, this study averaged the point of CSEs in the sample after statistical analysis, dividing the sample into 2 groups.

RESULTS

The results showed that emotional support and norms of reciprocity positively impact trust toward members, and trust toward members positively impact trust toward the community. This generates trust transfer, which positively impacts social buying intention and social sharing intention. At the same time, CSE is a moderator variable between trust toward the community and social buying intention, but CSE is not a moderator variable between trust toward the community and social sharing intention.

CONCLUSIONS

This study revealed that when members of online medical aesthetic communities actively participate in discussions and encourage and support one another, community commitment, trust toward each other, and trust toward the community increases, ultimately promoting social sharing and buying intentions.