bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fluoride concentration of well water in different areas of Sulaimani province
Authors: Khursheed Dler , Abdulateef Darwn , Fatah Ara , Rauf Aras
Published: August 2017

Objectives: To determine the amount of fluoride concentration in well water of different places in Sulaimani province, Iraq.

Materials and Methods: Twenty-two samples of well water were taken from different areas in Sulaimani Province. The areas are different from the geographical point of view. The water samples were directly taken from the wells pumps. Each sample was filtered through a 0.45 µm and 47 mm diameter membrane filter before analyzing by ion chromatography machine.  The machine had been standardized for fluoride ion by using Dionex seven anion standard to allow the machine is reading fluoride ions within these certain concentrations. Anion identification is based on the comparison of analyte signal peak retention times relative to those of known standards.  Quantitation is accomplished by measuring the peak area and comparing it to a calibration curve generated from known standards.

Results: All the 22 samples had shown the very low amount of fluoride concentration. The maximum concentration was 0.157 mg/l, and the minimum concentration was zero mg/l.

Conclusion: The fluoride ions in the samples taken from different sources of well water in Sulaimani province had shown concentrations that could not provide any benefits for the purpose of caries prevention.
Temporomandibular joint disorders (Review Article)
Authors: Gaphor Shanaz
Published: August 2017

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a sensitive and highly mobile joint. Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) have been considered as a common orofacial pain condition. The term (TMDs) characterized by pain in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) area, the periauricular area, or the muscles of mastication, TMJ sounds during mandibular movement and deviations, or restriction in mandibular movement.
β-catenin expression in perilesional area of different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hamied Marwa
Published: August 2017

Objectives: Background: Multistep carcinogenesis discusses a stepwise accumulation of alterations, both genotypic and phenotypic. Arresting one or several of the steps may disturb or delay the development of cancer. Current guidelines describe histopathologic margin of >5 mm as “clear margin” and 1-5 mm as “close margin”. β-catenin plays a critical structural role in mediating cadherin junctions and is also an essential transcriptional co-activator in the canonical Wnt pathway. A predictor marker is needed to confirm the clearance of margins surrounding a resected tumor. The current study aim is to assess β-catenin expression at the perilesional area of OSCC and relate such expression to OSCC histopathological grading.

Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical evaluation of β-catenin expression at the perilesional area of 25 OSCC and ten normal oral mucosae from archival paraffin blocks was done. The sections were assessed according to the ability of surface epithelium at the perilesional area of OSCC in showing normal expression pattern of β-catenin in the oral mucosa.

Results: Normal oral epithelium showed strong β-catenin expression at the cell membrane, but no cytoplasmic or nuclear expression. There was no significant difference between the immunoreactivity for β-catenin in the perilesional area of the different histological grade of OSCCs.

Conclusion: β-catenin expression does not represent a valuable tool to predict the free margin.
Patient's Satisfaction with Orthodontic Treatment in Sulaimani City
Authors: Mahmood Trefa , Khalel Mohamed
Published: August 2017

Objectives: The aim of the study: The objective of this study is to evaluate the patient’s satisfaction with orthodontic treatment for a sample of orthodontic patients treated in Sulaimani city and identify the possible factors that may affect the satisfaction with their dentition and profile after treatment. Material and Methods: This is a retrospective study where 581 patients had consecutively completed active orthodontic treatment in Sulaimani Governorate, those patients were asked to complete self-administered questionnaires, only 500 patients were included (178 males and 322 females; mean age, 25.5; standard deviation [SD], 9.5. All the patients were treated with full fixed appliances, some in combination with removable and functional appliances. (57.2%) were very satisfied with the orthodontist, (33.8%) were very satisfied with improvement in the facial appearance, 80.8% were very satisfied with improvement in alignment of teeth, 24.8% were very satisfied with improvement in chewing, 43% were very satisfied with improvement in cleaning, 24 4.8% were very satisfied with the color of the teeth, 29% were very satisfied with the speech quality, 32.4% were very satisfied with the total treatment time, 39.8% were very satisfied with the number of visits per month, 8.4% were very satisfied with time that one appointment lasts, 1.4% were very satisfied with waiting time at each appointment, 21.8% were very satisfied with the service of orthodontic staff in clinic or hospital. Conclusions: Personality and satisfaction were correlated, but no correlation was found between gender and patient satisfaction. Also, patients with high neuroticism scores who treated orthodontically were linked with lower levels of satisfaction with the dentition. Beside satisfaction with oral comfort, general performance, eating capacities, and pain dimensions during orthodontic treatment had definitive effects on total satisfaction. On the other side, most of them were unsatisfied with waiting for each appointment.
Herpes virus infections caused by neuroand integument-tropic viruses (HSV-I, II AND VZV)Part II
Authors: Neverov Vladimir A , Vasiliev Valery V , Demidenko Tamara P
Published: August 2017

The lecture addresses the issues of provision of medical care and treatment to patients affected with herpes diseases caused by neuro- and integument-tropic viruses (HSV-I, -II и VZV).
Chronicle of family medicine: view from iowa city (USA)
Authors: Kiseleva Galina V , Bukiia Ekaterina G
Published: August 2017

The article presents a brief essay about the training of two representatives of the department of family medicine of North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov in April - May 2017 in the Iowa University (USA) dedicated to study of education system and organization of health care in America.
Parenteral iron prophylaxis: a convenient alternative for antenatal women who do not consume oral iron
Authors: Rai Suvarna
Published: August 2017

Background: A large number of antenatal women have difficulty consuming oral iron due to its well-known side effects. A simple alternative for it needs to be found. Aim and objective was to study the efficacy of parenteral iron prophylaxis as an alternative for antenatal women who are not able to consume oral iron.Methods: A prospective case control study was conducted at a tertiary care centre in Hyderabad city, India from March 2016- March 2017. 73 non-anemic antenatal women between 14-24 weeks who were not taking oral iron supplementation were identified. 39 of them were willing for parenteral iron supplementation were included in Cases group and 34 who were not taking iron supplementation in any form were controls. Cases were administered three doses of IV Iron sucrose 200mg in 100 ml normal saline between 24-28 weeks, 28 – 32 weeks and 35-37 weeks Hemoglobin was checked again at 32weeks, 36 weeks, just prior to and on 3rd day post-delivery. Data obtained was analyzed using SPSS software.Results: 67% of antenatal women discontinued oral iron due to its gastric side effects. No bias took place during selection of cases and controls. 7.69% of the ‘cases group’ developed anemia despite parenteral prophylaxis. All of them were diagnosed as mild anemia. 70.59% of the ‘controls group’ developed anemia eventually of which 8 were mild, 13 were moderate, 3 were severe and none were very severe. Mostly women became anemic after delivery. About 59% of antenatal women in cases group had no adverse effects with Iron Sucrose Injections, 8 of them had itching or rash and 9 of them complained of brownish discoloration of urine.11 of them had pain at the infusion site and only 1 of them had fever on administering parenteral therapy. None of these were severe enough to cause discontinuation of parenteral iron administration. No statistically significant difference could be found in maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality between the two groups. The mean cost of parenteral iron prophylaxis was Rs. 1650.Conclusions: Women who do not take oral Iron supplementation in pregnancy are more prone to develop anemia subsequently. The commonest cause of non-compliance to oral iron is gastric intolerance. 3 doses of Intravenous Iron Sucrose 200mg prevents anemia in antenatal women who do not take oral iron supplementation. Hence, it can now be considered a convenient option for them.
Bleach method in comparison with NALC-NaOH specimen processing method for the detection of mycobacterium in sputum specimen
Authors: G. Amar Kumar , Chandrasekaran S. , J. Visalasree , B. Vignesh Kanna
Published: August 2017

Background: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease still remains to be a foremost public health risk worldwide. Even though there is an availability of many highly sensitive diagnostic tools, early case detection plays a significant role in control of the disease which relies specially on the detection of acid-fast bacilli in clinical samples which is low sensitive. Earlier decontamination of sputum sample may improve the detection of mycobacterium.Methods: A prospective study was conducted with a total of (N=464) clinically suspected TB patient sputum samples which were collected and processed directly for AFB. From which AFB +ve samples were excluded. The direct AFB -ve (N=279) samples were processed using concentration methods (NALC, Bleach). After concentration, smears were examined under oil immersion for acid fast bacilli by ZN staining.Results: Out of 464 sputum samples, 185 direct ZN stain +ve were excluded. Among the ZN-ve (N=279) samples, n=44 (15.7%) were positive using bleach method. The positivity has improved to n=48 (17.2%) using NALC-NaOH.Conclusions: Bleach method of sputum decontamination is comparable to standard NALC-NaOH method. Therefore, we conclude that the identification of AFB using bleach concentration method can be used in resource limited health care setups especially in laboratories where mycobacterial culture is not performed which might help us in early diagnosis of tuberculosis.
Hepatitis B sero-prevalence among blood donors in Haryana: a retrospective record based study
Authors: Sehgal P. K. , Garg Anubha
Published: August 2017

Background: In India, it is mandatory to screen blood donors for HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, syphilis and malaria. Hepatitis B is a major public health problem worldwide. Approximately 30% of the world’s population or about 2 billion persons have serological evidence of either current or past infection with hepatitis B virus. The prevalence of chronic HBV infection in India ranges from 2% to 10% as shown by different studies. India therefore comes under the intermediate to high endemicity category. The objective of this study was to carry out with the aim to find out the sero-prevalence of hepatitis B infection and its trend among the blood donors a hospital based blood transfusion service set up in north India over a period of seven years.Methods: It was record based retrospective study from 2007 to 2013. Before donation "Blood Donation Form" had been filled by every donor and this form had particulars about age, gender, address, and occupation, date of previous donation, any illness and medical treatment taken. The donor blood samples were collected at the time of blood donation from the primary bag and HbsAg screening was done using rapid test kit based on the principle of a one-step immunoassay. Samples showing repeat test reactivity on both methods were considered positive and were included for calculation of seroprevalence.Results: A prevalence of 01.13% of hepatitis B infection was seen among the donors from the period 2007-2013. The trend of hepatitis B prevalence among donors has been fluctuating while ranging from 0.94% to 1.63%.Conclusions: Reduction in seroprevalence among voluntary donors requires an effective donor education and high quality selection programme especially during big blood donation camps. For a safe blood service in our country, where comprehensive laboratory tests are neither possible nor pragmatic, it is best to switch over to 100% voluntary donations, as it is now established that only voluntary non-remunerated regular donation is the safest. Thus, one of our key strategies to enhance blood safety is to focus on motivating non-remunerated blood donors and phasing out even replacement donors.
The effect of cartoon on the immediate motor executive function of 4-6 year old children
Authors: Sanketh . , Kommu Peter Prasanth Kumar , Solomon Susan , Krishnan Lalitha , S. Saravanan , K. Ravichandran
Published: August 2017

Background: Children’s television viewing has been of concern to parents, educators and health care providers for almost as long as the television itself has been in existence. Objective of present study was to investigate the effect of cartoon viewing on the immediate motor executive function of 4-6 year old children.Methods: 279 children, aged 4-6 year old children were administered the Seguin Form board test to confirm they were all developmentally equal. These children were then randomly assigned to watch a fast paced television cartoon, a slow paced cartoon or colour an image. Following this they were then given 3 tasks to assess motor executive function, including the colour match, 4 two piece puzzle and separating coloured beads. The time taken to complete the task was noted and the data was analyzed.Results: Children who watched the fast-paced cartoon performed slower on the motor executive function tasks than the children in the other two groups. (p<0.001).Conclusions: Even ten minutes of viewing a fast paced television cartoon had immediate negative effects on 4-6 year old children’s motor executive function. Parents should be aware that fast paced cartoon shows could at least temporarily impair young children’s motor executive function.
Comparative study of knowledge and practices of childhood immunization among health care providers in Meerut, India
Authors: Verma Garima , Pathak Umesh
Published: August 2017

Background: Immunization laid a major milestone in preventive practices in childhood diseases and decreasing mortality rates. However, despite of such impressive immunization programme we are not able to achieve our targeted goals on time. Lack of awareness of immunization practices amongst our health care providers can be one of the reasons behind this.Methods: Total 300 participants were included in study divided into three groups A, B and C (pediatricians, allopathic practitioners and health providers at PHC respectively). A self-administered questionnaire in English comprising of questions related to knowledge and practices of immunization were given to all participants. Their responses were analyzed and assessed for level of knowledge in each field and then compared with other groups.Results: In the present study, nearly half of the participants were >50 yrs and it was observed that percentage of correct knowledge was decreasing with increasing age of participants. Correct immunization schedule was known by all the participants. Correct knowledge regarding immunization of unvaccinated child reporting at 1-2 years of age was maximum amongst group A and minimum amongst group C (P≤0.05). Correct knowledge about use of Refrigerator for vaccine storage and storage temperature of vaccine was also satisfactory in group A (92%) (p<0.001).Conclusions: After analyzing all responses we can fairly conclude from this study that overall knowledge of immunization practices amongst health care providers was not satisfactory which emphasizes on need of continuous training and supervision of health care providers dealing with immunization.
Management of sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a prospective study of 30 patients
Authors: Khot Sunil N. , G. Priyadarshini , Kunnumal Ayisha
Published: August 2017

Background: Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is sensorineural hearing loss of 30 dB or more over at least three contiguous audiometric frequencies that develop over a period of few hours to three days. The purpose of study is to make a protocol for treatment.

Methods: 30 cases of sudden SNHL who presented to OPD of Government Medical College, Miraj between December 2015 to April 2017 were included. Detailed history taking and ENT examination was done. All patients were admitted and started on intravenous methylprednisolone. If hearing improvement was not observed, intratympanic methylprednisolone (ITS) was administered.  

Results: 50% patients had recovery with intravenous Methylprednisolone and 50% had no recovery. “No recovery” patients were subjected to ITS, of which 20% had complete, 30% partial and 50% no recovery. Among no recovery patients of ITS, 10% had hearing loss greater than 90 dB with improvement rate of 0%; 40% had hearing loss of 90 - 50 dB with improvement rate of 50%; 50% had hearing loss of 50-30 dB with improvement rate of 60%. Among 15 cases of ITS, mean number of days between onset of symptom and starting ITS was 13 days for complete recovery patients; 17.3 days for partial or slight recovery; 20.6 days for no recovery.

Conclusions: Hearing loss less than 90 dB and earlier ITS has positive influence on hearing recovery. Systemic steroids are currently the mainstay of initial treatment. ITS is an effective treatment modality for patients who fail to respond to systemic steroids.
Comparative study of operative management of humeral shaft fractures by dynamic compression plating versus locked intra-medullary nailing
Authors: Koppolu Kanthi Kiran Kumar , Lakkireddy Maheshwar , Bollavaram Vikas Reddy , Rapur Siva Prasad
Published: August 2017

Background: Operative management of humeral shaft fractures is mostly accomplished by surface plating or intra-medullary nail osteosynthesis. Both the treatment options have been variably reported to give good rates of union and functional outcome. We compared both the options to know the better one in multitude of variables.

Methods: Thirty patients with fracture shaft of humerus were followed up for a period of 12 to18 months. 15 patients each underwent open reduction and internal fixation with dynamic compression plate and closed antegrade locked intra-medullary nailing. All patients were clinically and radiologically assessed till fracture union.

Results: Diaphyseal humeral fractures in all the patients treated with nailing united and had a tendency to unite early compared to plating. Shoulder pain was initially complained by 2 patients from the nailing group and got subsided later on. The incidence of complications was more in the plate osteosynthesis group.

Conclusions: In our study Intra-medullary nailing turned out to be superior to plating for amenable diaphyseal fractures of humerus in terms of higher rate of union, early union and lesser complications.
Книжная культура России в контексте развития культуры и просвещения XVIII века
Authors: Ермолаева Мария Алексеевна
Published: July 2017

В статье рассматриваются исторические особенности оформления научных периодических и непериодических изданий в контексте становления книжного дела в России в 18 веке.
Prevalência de indicativos de depressão em idosos de uma unidade de atenção ao idoso
Authors: Soares Pollyana Pagliaro Borges , Reis Nayara Araújo dos , Peixoto Bianca Gomes , Gonçalves Amanda Ribeiro , Amaro Elisângela De Assis , Gonçalves Jurema Ribeiro Luiz
Published: August 2017

Este é um estudo transversal, observacional e de abordagem quantitativa, realizado em Uberaba (MG), com o objetivo de traçar o perfil sociodemográfico e estimar a prevalência de indicativos de depressão em idosos. Foram incluídas na pesquisa pessoas com 60 anos ou mais, de ambos os sexos, que frequentam periodicamente a UAI. Dos 317 participantes, a maioria foi representada pelo sexo feminino, com 60-70 anos, viúvos, aposentados, com baixa escolaridade e baixa renda. A prevalência de indicativos de depressão foi de 30,9%. Estes dados mostram a necessidade de realizarem-se ações de diagnóstico e tratamento para a depressão, bem como de disponibilização de suportes para os aspectos psicossociais e emocionais dos idosos.
Speaking Mennonite at School: A Narrative Analysis of the Role of Language in Immigrant Educational Experiences
Authors: Kampen Robinson Christine
Published: August 2017

This paper examines the ways in which 1.5-generation immigrant mothers from a marginalized minority group (Low German-speaking Mennonites from Mexico) construct school experiences in relation to language. Starting from the perspective of identity as being constructed in language, analysis of audio-recorded interviews and focus group discussions collected during 18 months of ethnographic fieldwork demonstrates a connection and an inherent tension between the ways in which participants construct their own experiences and how they construct their children’s experiences. Results illustrate the impact of language and literacy on their identity constructions, the use of language as an act of civic engagement, and how the agentive capacity demonstrated through these constructions both engages with and contests broader social processes.
The Techno-literacy Practices of Young Children from Diverse Backgrounds
Authors: Friedrich Nicola , Teichert Laura , Devadas Zipporah
Published: August 2017

To complicate the notion of a digital divide along economic and cultural lines, this paper describes techno-literacy practices within the homes of children from diverse backgrounds. Data were drawn from two ethnographic case studies examining the home literacy practices of pre-school aged children. Participants were three Karen refugee families and two English-speaking, middle-class families. The findings suggest that children initiate interactions with digital tools within the cultural and economic landscapes of the home. In so doing, they develop operational competencies to access digital texts in order to scaffold their current learning and enable their participation in 21st century society.
A determinação da idade das rochas
Authors: Carneiro Celso Dal Ré , Mizusaki Ana Maria Pimentel , Almeida Fernando Flávio Marques de
Published: August 2017

Em pouco mais de 200 anos, a idade da Terra admitida pela ciência passou de alguns milhares para cerca de 4,56 bilhões de anos. Muitas analogias são empregadas para facilitar a compreensão dos conceitos de tempo profundo ou abismo do tempo mas, não obstante, essas idéias permanecem de difícil assimilação, pois as escalas e relações envolvidas são incomuns e freqüentemente complexas. A profunda inflexão no pensamento, e até mesmo na perspectiva humana, sobre a idade da Terra, decorre do amadurecimento da Geologia como ciência. Métodos específicos são necessários para determinação de idades de rochas e sua aplicação mais direta: o estudo do tempo geológico. Os métodos estratigráficos, paleontológicos e geocronológicos são empregadosmuitas vezes de forma integrada, para garantir resultados confiáveis; constituem parte essencial do conceito moderno de Geociências ou de Ciências da Terra. É conveniente fazer um estudo dos princípios teóricos e das principais - e acaloradas - polêmicas envolvidas, para se compreender de que modo o conhecimento acumulado a partir desses princípios e métodos tornou o planeta tão antigo; são idéias que afetaram profundamente a visão atual sobre a duração e permanência da espécie humana na Terra.
Relato final do I Seminário Nacional sobre Cursos de Graduação em Geologia
Authors: Sobreira Frederico
Published: August 2017

O I Seminário Nacional sobre Cursos de Graduação em Geologia, promovido pelo Instituto de Geociências da UFBA e pela SBG Núcleo BA-SE, realizou-se entre os dias 30 de maio e 1 de junho nas dependências do Instituto de Geociências da UFBA. Fizeram-se presentes 16 das 19 escolas de Geologia do Brasil, representadas pelos coordenadores de cursos e alguns diretores. Nestes três dias foram discutidas várias questões referentes aos cursos de Geologia, cujos resultados estão sintetizados neste relato, assim como as propostas de ação conjunta para mitigar os problemas detectados, respeitando-se as particularidades de cada curso e sua instituição mantenedora. Em função da proximidade da aprovação pelo MEC da proposta de diretrizes curriculares para os cursos de Geologia, este tema foi o assunto essencial da reunião. Após detalhadas análises foram feitas sugestões de alterações à proposta do MEC, sem, entretanto, desfigurar a sua proposta original. O resultado final desta análise será encaminhado ao MEC para sua avaliação por parte da Comissão de Especialistas.
Relato final do I Encontro do Fórum Nacional de Cursos de Geologia
Authors: Carneiro Celso Dal Ré
Published: August 2017

O II Seminário Nacional sobre Cursos de Graduação em Geologia, promovido pelo Instituto de Geociências da Unicamp e pela Sociedade Brasileira de Geologia, realizou-se entre os dias 24 e 26 de abril de 2002 nas dependências da Universidade Estadual de Campinas UNICAMP. O encontro teve o apoio do Instituto de Geociências da UFBA, Companhia Baiana de Pesquisa Mineral (CBPM), Conselho Federal de Engenharia, Arquitetura e Agronomia (CONFEA), Conselho Regional de Engenharia, Arquitetura e Agronomia de São Paulo (CREA-SP), Sindicato dos Geólogos no Estado de São Paulo (SIGESP) e Federação Nacional dos Geólogos (FEBRAGEO).
Relato final do II Encontro do Fórum Nacional de Cursos de Geologia
Authors: Carneiro Celso Dal Ré , Assis José Fernando Pina
Published: August 2017

O II Encontro do Fórum Nacional de Cursos de Geologia, promovido pelo Centro de Geociências da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), foi realizado entre os dias 14 e 17 de maio de 2003, em Belém, nas dependências do Campus Universitário do Guamá, da UFPA. O Fórum Nacional de Cursos de Geologia reuniu-se pela primeira vez, como entidade autônoma, em setembro de 2002 durante o 43º Congresso Brasileiro de Geologia, realizado em João Pessoa, PB. Nas discussões foram levantadas várias teses, relativas à estrutura e aos rumos da formação do geólogo nas universidades brasileiras, devidamente formalizadas perante as sessões plenárias do congresso.
Terræ Didatica chega para ampliar a interseção entre Ciências da Terra e Educação
Authors: Editorial Equipe
Published: August 2017

O interesse crescente por temas geocientíficos nas sociedades contemporâneas pode ser evidenciado de inúmeras formas. Dentre elas, sobressai-se o chamado cinema-catástrofe, vantajosamente aproveitado pelos produtores internacionais, que apresentam – e representam – diferentes tipos de ameaças às populações na Terra, sempre relacionadas a fenômenos naturais, cuja dinâmica tem sido muitas vezes agravada por efeitos incontroláveis das ações e processos antrópicos. São representações, ou seja, um tipo de exibição que busca fazer com que as pessoas aceitem um certo modo de ver, ou assumam determinado ponto de vista. Ao provocar a reflexão de numerosíssimas pessoas sobre esses efeitos, os produtores, deliberadamente ou não, conseguem despertar/fortalecer alguma consciência ambiental sobre o resultado de nossos padrões de consumo de bens naturais e utilização de espaços físicos e apropriação de seres vivos, bem como as crescentes taxas de aproveitamento de fontes de energia.
Estruturas atectônicas da Bacia do Paraná em Campinas (SP): deformação sin-sedimentar no Subgrupo Itararé
Authors: Carneiro Celso Dal Ré , Costa Felipe Garcia Domingues da
Published: August 2017

Entre 2000-2001, obras na Rodovia D. Pedro I expuseram dobras atectônicas no Subgrupo Itararé, Bacia do Paraná, no trevo da estrada que une Campinas a Moji-Mirim e Moji-Guaçu. Ocorrem dobras convolutas decimétricas, fechadas a isoclinais, controladas por siltitos laminados. As obras também expuseram, e depois destruíram, ondulações com comprimento de onda da ordem de 20 m. Sintetizam-se critérios distintivos desse tipo de estrutura e descrevem-se feições similares, entre SP e SC. A origem das deformações pode ser associada diretamente à ação do gelo ou ao deslizamento subaqüoso de camadas inconsolidadas. As ocorrências de Campinas parecem resultar de ambos os processos. Localmente, camadas não-confinadas em ambiente subaqüoso sofreram deformações penecontemporâneas à sedimentação, ao passo que as ondulações mais amplas e abertas devem-se à ação direta do gelo.
Uso do programa cristalográfico Mercury® para o ensino de Química Mineral e Mineralogia
Authors: Cunha Carlos Jorge da , Novo João Batista Marques
Published: August 2017

O programa cristalográfico Mercury®, distribuído gratuitamente na internetpelo Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC) permite a visualização tridimensional de estruturas de minerais a partir de arquivos CIF (Crystallographic Information File) e permite também: medição de distâncias e ângulos de ligação e ângulos de torção; seleção ou exclusão de átomos; geração do difratograma de raios X de pó e a visualização de planos hkl do cristal; da cela unitária e de porções selecionadas do cristal. Ele tem sido usado como recurso didático, há três anos, na disciplina CQ-029, ofertada pelo Departamento de Química aos alunos do Curso de Geologia da UFPR (Universidade Federal do Paraná). Os efeitos desta metodologia têm sido significativos na compreensão, por parte dos alunos, das diferentes estruturas de silicatos, dos diferentes tipos de coordenação de íons, da origem (e atribuição) dos picos em difratogramas de raios X e na compreensão dos vários tipos de substituição sólida.
A Mineralogia e alguns de seus minerais raros ou de gênese exótica
Authors: Branco Pércio de Moraes , Chaves Mario Luiz de Sá Carneiro
Published: August 2017

O estudo da gênese dos minerais envolve um amplo espectro com mais de 4.000 espécies válidas, podendo apresentar aspectos especiais e únicos, na medida em que grande parte dessas espécies constitui raridades, e algumas em particular possuem um modo de formação inteiramente exótico. Por exemplo, existem minerais de formação sazonal, aparecendo em estações secas e logo depois destruídos nas épocas úmidas; ou minerais formados pela oxidação de amostras de material carbonático, somente quando o mesmo encontra-se guardado dentro de caixas de madeira; ou originados pela reação de serpentinitos com certo líquen desenvolvido em suas superfícies; ou ainda formados pela ação da água sobre objetos de estanho afundados junto com uma canoa. Esses casos, do mesmo modo que outros mostrados neste trabalho, demonstram a possibilidade de existência de condições ambientais que são muito distintas das usualmente encontradas na natureza.
Relato final do IV Encontro do Fórum Nacional de Cursos de Geologia, Araxá (MG), outubro de 2004
Authors: Carneiro Celso Dal Ré , Assis José Fernando Pina
Published: August 2017

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Relato final do V Encontro do Fórum Nacional de Cursos de Geologia, Cuiabá (MT), junho de 2005
Authors: Assis José Fernando Pina
Published: August 2017

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A Randomized Controlled Trial of Lisinopril to Decrease Lymphoid Fibrosis in Antiretroviral-Treated, HIV-infected Individuals
Authors: Cockerham Leslie Renee , Yukl Steven A. , Harvill Kara , Somsouk Ma , Joshi Sunil K. , Sinclair Elizabeth , Liegler Teri , Hoh Rebecca , Lyons Sophie , Hunt Peter W. , Rupert Adam , Sereti Irini , Morcock David R. , Rhodes Ajantha , Emson Claire , Hellerstein Marc K. , Estes Jacob D. , Lewin Sharon , Deeks Steven G. , Hatano Hiroyu
Published: August 2017

Background: In HIV infection, lymphoid tissue is disrupted by fibrosis. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors have anti-fibrotic properties. We completed a pilot study to assess whether the addition of lisinopril to antiretroviral therapy (ART) reverses fibrosis of gut tissue, and whether this leads to reduction of HIV RNA and DNA levels.Methods: Thirty HIV-infected individuals on ART were randomized to lisinopril at 20mg daily or matching placebo for 24 weeks. All participants underwent rectal biopsies prior to starting the study drug and at 22 weeks, and there were regular blood draws. The primary end point was the change in HIV RNA and DNA levels in rectal tissue. Secondary outcomes included the change in 1) HIV levels in blood; 2) Gag-specific T-cell responses; 3) levels of T-cell activation; and 4) collagen deposition.Results: The addition of lisinopril did not have a significant effect on the levels of HIV RNA or DNA in gut tissue or blood, Gag-specific responses, or levels of T-cell activation. Lisinopril also did not have a significant impact on lymphoid fibrosis in the rectum, as assessed by quantitative histology or heavy water labeling.Conclusions: Treatment with lisinopril for 24 weeks in HIV-infected adults did not have an effect on lymphoid fibrosis, immune activation, or gut tissue viral reservoirs. Further study is needed to see if other anti-fibrotic agents may be useful in reversing lymphoid fibrosis and reducing HIV levels.Clinical Trials Registration: NCT01535235
Zastosowanie wybranych bodźców fizykalnych podczas profesjonalnych zabiegów kosmetologicznych. Część I. Prąd galwaniczny jako czynnik wspomagający przezskórny transport substancji aktywnych zawartych w profesjonalnych preparatach kosmetycznych
Authors: Wesołowska Jolanta , Iwan-Ziętek Iza , Mosiejczuk Hanna , Kemicer-Chmielewska Ewa , Marchlewicz Mariola
Published: August 2017

Prąd galwaniczny może być stosowany w kosmetologii podczas zabiegów jonoforezy w celu zwiększenia efektywności zabiegu pielęgnacyjnego lub wspomagającego leczenia chorób dermatologicznych. Aby uzyskać optymalny efekt zabiegu, należy przestrzegać procedury zabiegu oraz stosować odpowiednie preparaty kosmetyczne przeznaczone do jonoforezy – podlegające dysocjacji elektrolitycznej.
Zespół aktywacji makrofagów w chorobie Stilla u dorosłych – opis przypadku
Authors: Lewandowska Marzena , Brzosko Marek Brzosko
Published: August 2017

Wstęp: Zespół aktywacji makrofagów (MAS) jest rzadkim powikłaniem chorób autoimmunologicznych. U jego podstawy leżą zaburzenia funkcjonowania układu immunologicznego. Sympto­matologia może być różna, z różną dynamiką narastania objawów.Opis przypadku: Kobieta z ustalonym rozpoznaniem choroby Stilla u dorosłych została przyjęta do kliniki z powodu gorączki trwającej od 7 dni, osłabienia, wysypki obejmującej skórę całego ciała oraz objawów dyspeptycznych. W trakcie diagnostyki stwierdzono pancytopenię, hipertrójglicerydemię, hiperferrytynemię, hipofibrynogenemię, podwyższoną aktywność wszystkich enzymów wątrobowych, podwyższone stężenie białka C-reaktywnego, a także obecność przeciwciał przeciwjądrowych. W leczeniu początkowo zastosowano empiryczną antybiotykoterapię oraz pulsy metyloprednizolonu, co jednak nie przyniosło poprawy. Po otrzymaniu wyniku badania cytologicznego szpiku, w którym opisano pobudzoną fagocytozę mogącą odpowiadać zespołowi MAS, doleczenia włączono deksametazon oraz cyklosporynę A i wówczas stwierdzono poprawę. Chora zostawała pod stałą opieką przyklinicznej poradni reumatologicznej i od 20 miesięcy nie nastąpił nawrót MAS.Wnioski: Zespół aktywacji makrofagów jest rzadkim, groźnym powikłaniem chorób autoimmunologicznych wymagającym szybkiego rozpoznania i agresywnego leczenia.
JATROGENNY TĘTNIAK RZEKOMY TĘTNICY RAMIENNEJ U CZTEROMIESIĘCZNEGO DZIECKA – OPIS PRZYPADKU
Authors: Giżewska-Kacprzak Kaja , Babiak-Choroszczak Lidia , Kazimierczak Arkadiusz , Gawrych Elżbieta
Published: August 2017

W pracy przedstawiono rzadko występujący przypadek jatrogennego tętniaka rzekomego tętnicy ramiennej u 4-miesięcznego dziecka. Istnieją doniesienia o tego typu zmianach u dzieci leczonych metodami kardiochirurgicznymi oraz radiologii interwencyjnej z możliwym obciążeniem chorobami układowymi. Pacjent nie miał kaniulowanych naczyń w warunkach szpitalnych ani nie cierpiał na ogólnoustrojowe choroby. Proste pobranie krwi w warunkach ambulatoryjnych spowodowało uszkodzenie ściany tętnicy ramiennej, a następnie uformowanie się tętniaka rzekomego, około miesiąc przed tym, jak rodzice zauważyli guz na ramieniu dziecka. Przeprowadzono operację mikrochirurgiczną polegającą na zszyciu uszkodzonego naczynia. W ostatnich dekadach wzrasta znaczenie zaopatrywania takich zmian metodami wewnątrznaczyniowymi. Sukces terapeutyczny był rezultatem szybkiej diagnostyki radiologicznej i skutecznej współpracy między chirurgiem dziecięcym a specjalistą chirurgii naczyniowej. Przedstawiony w pracy przypadek stanowi wskazówkę, aby jatrogenne urazy naczyń były brane pod uwagę w diagnostyce różnicowej guzów i zmian naczyniowych.
THE EFFICACY OF ERADICATION OF SMALL INTESTINAL BACTERIAL OVERGROWTH IN PATIENTS WITH NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE
Authors: Tkach Sergiy , Gubska Olena , Cheverda Tetiana
Published: August 2017

Background. Emerging evidence suggests a strong interaction between the gut, gut microbiota and liver. Derangement of gut flora, particularly small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), occurs in a large percentage of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and plays an important role in its pathogenesis.

Aim. Study of the frequency of SIBO in various forms of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, as well as the possibilities of its pathomorphosis as a result of eradication of SIBO as a result of the use of rifaximin or multicomponent probiotic.

Material and methods. There were investigated 125 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (70 men, 55 women aged 18 to 65 years, mean age 37±6.7 years) developed at obesity or type 2 diabetes mellitus, including 85 patients with liver steatosis (group1) and 40 patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (group 2). Patients with concomitant SIBO (70 patients) was treated with rifaximin or multicomponent probiotic. As the main endpoints of the study, the frequency of achieving eradication of SIBO was evaluated (estimated from the results of a repeated H2-lactulose hydrogen test after treatment), as well as a decrease in the severity of liver steatosis by steatometry and a decrease / normalization of transaminase levels 3 months after the start of the treatment. Secondary endpoints included the change in BMI and the HOMA-IR index 3 months after the start of the treatment.

Results. SIBO in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was significantly more frequent than in control (p <0.005), and in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis – significantly more often than in patients with liver steatosis (80 % vs 47.1 %, P <0.01). Eradication of SIBO after use of rifaximin was recorded in 30 of 36 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (83.3 %), including 16 of 20 patients with steatosis (80 %) and 14 of 16 (87.5 %) patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. In the group of patients taking multicomponent probiotics after treatment, eradication of SIBO was noted in 12 of 36 patients (33.3 %), including 7 patients with steatosis (35 %) and 5 patients (31.3 %) with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Conclusion. The investigation shows that the eradication of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth has the positive influence on the natural course of NAFLD and use of rifaximine should be discussed as a perspective therapeutic strategy at this pathology
Wheat Production, Nitrogen Transformation, and Nitrogen Losses as Affected by Nitrification and Double Inhibitors
Authors: Thapa Resham , Chatterjee Amitava
Published: August 2017

Core Ideas

The environmental and agronomic benefits of amending urea with inhibitors was evaluated.

Double inhibitor significantly reduced all three major N losses compared with urea.

Nitrification inhibitor did not reduce NH3 volatilization.

Higher N2O fluxes were observed at 35 to 60% WFPS, soil temperature >10°C, and NO3− contents >5 mg kg−1 dry soil.

Nitrification inhibitor/double inhibitors maintained spring wheat grain and protein yields.

Enhanced efficiency fertilizers have the potential to reduce N losses from urea (U)‐fertilized soils. A field study was conducted during 2015 and 2016 at Glyndon, MN, under rainfed spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to assess the effectiveness of U with/without nitrification inhibitor (NI) or both urease and nitrification inhibitors (DI) to reduce N losses and improve crop yields. Treatments consisted of three N sources (U, NI, and DI) applied at two N rates (146 and 168 kg N ha−1) along with the control. In 2015, DI significantly reduced ammonia (NH3) volatilization by 34% and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions by 43% as compared with U (7.78 kg NH3–N ha−1, 2.24 kg N2O‐N ha−1). Similarly, NI (9.85 kg NH3–N ha−1, 1.05 kg N2O‐N ha−1) significantly reduced N2O emissions by 53%, but had similar NH3 loss to that of U. The DI significantly reduced NH3 loss by 48% compared with NI. Higher N2O fluxes were observed when WFPS (water‐filled pore space) lies between 35 and 60%, soil temperature >10 to 12°C, and soil NO3− contents >5 mg kg−1. Urea with NI or DI also reduced soil water nitrate (NO3−) concentrations below the rooting zone. The grain and protein yields were similar among U, NI, and DI treatments. These results suggest that the combined application of both urease and nitrification inhibitors could be an effective means to reduce all possible N losses from urea‐fertilized soils, while maintaining crop yields in rainfed spring wheat system.
Cover Crops Could Offset Crop Residue Removal Effects on Soil Carbon and Other Properties: A Review
Authors: Ruis Sabrina J. , Blanco‐Canqui Humberto
Published: August 2017

Core Ideas

Corn residue removal reduces soil organic C stocks and other soil properties.

Cover crop increases soil organic C stocks and other properties.

Cover crop may not offset soil organic C losses from residue removal in the short term.

More data are needed on cover crop effects on soil properties after residue removal.

Crop residue removal for livestock or biofuel production is common. Excessive residue removal may reduce soil organic carbon (SOC) and other soil properties. Cover crop (CC) could be a strategy to ameliorate negative effects of residue removal, but this has not been widely discussed. We synthesized studies on the impacts of CC addition following crop residue removal on SOC and related properties, discussed opportunities and challenges of using CC after residue removal, and highlighted research needs. We first briefly reviewed the separate effects of residue removal and CC before reviewing their combined effects. Our review found that ≥50% residue removal reduced SOC stocks by 0.87 Mg ha−1 yr−1 and <50% removal by 0.31 Mg ha−1 yr−1. However, CC increased SOC by 0.49 Mg ha−1 yr−1, suggesting that CC could offset at least part of the SOC lost with removal. Studies evaluating CC effects on soil properties after residue removal are few and short term (<6 yr) but appeared to show limited potential of CC to offset residue removal effects. However, some studies indicated trends for increased SOC, suggesting CC may offset removal effects in the long term. While opportunities exist to integrate residue removal with CC use, challenges including low CC biomass and reduction in crop yield in water‐limited regions must be addressed. Further research on interactive effects of CC and residue removal is needed across different cropping systems and climates.
Effects of Winter Foot Traffic on Annual Bluegrass Putting‐Green Quality in Western Oregon
Authors: Gould Micah , Kowalewski Alec , Mattox Clint , McDonald Brian , Olsen Conner
Published: August 2017

Core Ideas

The objective was to document effects of winter foot traffic on an annual bluegrass putting green.

Foot traffic applied at 440 rounds per day produced the greatest reduction in turf quality and color.

Traffic should be limited to 220 rounds per day to prevent unacceptable turf quality and color from developing during winter months.

Rounds per week can be increased in the final week of March, when annual bluegrass is able to recover from traffic.
From Field to Pint malting barley in the eastern U.S.
Authors: Hmielowski Tracy
Published: August 2017

As craft breweries in the U.S. look for ways to stand out among the crowd, some are trying to “go local.” However, finding key ingredients, like malted barley, is not easy for those located east of the Mississippi River. Some farmers and entrepreneurs are trying to fill this niche, experimenting with malting barley varieties from Europe and establishing local malthouses to process the grain for brewing. This article highlights the ongoing research and challenges of producing local craft brews, from farm to pint. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Crop Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/505.
Adaptation and Stability Analysis of ICARDA Durum Wheat Elites across 18 Countries
Authors: Bassi F. M. , Sanchez‐Garcia M.
Published: August 2017

Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) is the 10th most important crop in the world, and its cultivation occurs on a vast array of international agroenvironments. However, its wide international adaptation is only marginally documented. Here, 24 durum wheat genotypes comprising elites from the ICARDA breeding program and commercial checks were assessed at 27 field stations located in 18 countries. Analysis of variance revealed significant environment, genotype, and genotype × environment (GxE) effects for phenology, height, grain yield, and grain size, with genotype and GxE explaining 1 and 9.6% of the total grain yield variation, respectively. Heritability was recorded at 0.6 for grain yield. Only late maturity and extended grain filling‐period had a negative effect on grain yield (r = −0.67, p < 0.01). A matrix of correlation between traits was used for hierarchical clustering to identify four main agroenvironments. At 26 of the stations, the elite genotypes of ICARDA were able to outyield the best commercial check. Two stability analysis (Finlay–Wilkinson and additive main effects and multiplicative model wide adaptation index) were used in combination with average grain yield performances to identify the three most stable and widely adapted elite lines, which were given the cross names ‘Derazejihan’, ‘Kundermiki’, and ‘Bezajihan’. The results gathered here support the usefulness of stability‐based indices, the good performances of the ICARDA germplasm, and the need for more coordinated international efforts for this crop.