bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oleanolic acid and moderate drinking increase the pancreatic GLP-1R expression of the β-cell mass deficiency induced hyperglycemia
Authors: Xu Li , Hu Ruibin , Jois Shreyas Venkataraman , Zhang Lei
Published: July 2023

Background

Oleanolic acid (OA) and moderate drinking have been reported to attenuate diabetes. However, the underlying mechanism of OA and moderate drinking alone or in combination on the islet β-cell deficiency induced diabetes is not fully elucidated.

Methods

Male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were intraperitoneally injected with 55 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) to induce β-cell deficiency. OA, 5% ethanol (EtOH), or a mixture of OA in 5% ethanol (OA+EtOH) were applied to three treatment groups of hyperglycemia rats for 6 weeks.

Results

STZ caused the increase of fast blood glucose (FBG) level.OA and EtOH treatment alone or in combination decreased the STZ increased FBG level during the 6 weeks of treatment. In addition, OA treatment also significantly increased the β-cell to total islet cell ratio. Both EtOH and OA+EtOH treatments promoted the increase of total islet cell number and α-cell to β-cell ratio when compared to OA group. STZ induced hyperglycemia dramatically reduced the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) positive cells in islets, all the three treatments significantly increased the pancreatic GLP-1R positive cell number. In the meantime, STZ induced hyperglycemia suppressed the insulin mRNA expression and boosted the glucagon mRNA expression. EtOH and OA+EtOH treatments increased the insulin mRNA expression, but none of the 3 treatments altered the elevated glucagon level.

Conclusion

GLP-1R positive cell ratio in islets is crucial for the blood glucose level of diabetes. OA and 5% ethanol alone or in combination suppresses the blood glucose level of β-cell deficiency induced diabetes by increasing islet GLP-1R expression.
Evaluation of Groundwater Availability for Rice during Period 2018-2022 in Tuban Regency, East Java
Authors: Putri Riska Ardiyanti , Baskoro Winardi Tcahyo , Unsuriyah Zumrotul , Sukarasa I. Ketut , Rupiasih I. Nyoman , Suharta Wayan Gede , Gunawan Anak Agung Ngurah , Putra Wenas Ganda
Published: July 2023

Research has been conducted on the deficit, surplus, percentage of groundwater availability, and classification of Oldeman climate type in Tuban Regency, East Java in 2018-2022 to increase rice crop productivity in Tuban Regency, East Java. This process begins with the collection of data, namely rainfall, air temperature, coordinates and height of rain posts, and soil physical data which is then calculated ETC (Plant Evapotranspiration) rice, deficit, surplus, and ATS using the Thornthwaite and Mather methods. The results of data analysis obtained the smallest deficit value of 0.1 mm which occurred in Medalem in June and the largest deficit occurred in Ngimbang in November of 279.6 mm. The smallest surplus of 0.9 mm occurred in Sumurgung in April and the largest surplus of 313 mm occurred in Jenu in January, with 100% groundwater availability which generally occurs in November-April and 0% ATS which occurs in June-September and Oldeman Climate type in Tuban Regency consecutively C3, D3, D4, and E3.
Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease in ART-Naïve Patients in Southern Nigeria: Need for Creatinine Assay
Authors: Ekanem Anyiekere M. , Motilewa Olugbemi O. , Ibara Mfon , Bassey Emem , Onukak Asukwo , Ekrikpo Udeme E.
Published: July 2023

Aims: The current HIV treatment strategy of 'test and start' requires clients diagnosed with HIV to be commenced on antiretroviral therapy (ART) the same day or within one week of HIV diagnosis. However, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complication of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) disease and an adverse event associated with using some antiretroviral drugs (ARDs). The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of ART-naïve patients with serum creatinine assay to assess their kidney functions before the commencement of ART and the prevalence of CKD among them.

Study Design:  This was a cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in an HIV comprehensive treatment centre of a tertiary health facility in southern Nigeria from July to December 2019.

Methodology: The medical records of 159 ART-naïve adult patients newly enrolled into HIV care over a six months period were reviewed. Sociodemographic and clinical data were abstracted. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of <60ml/min/1.732m2. 

Results: All the newly enrolled patients were commenced on first-line ARDs. More than half (92,57.9%), were females. The mean age of respondents was 37.3± 10.1 years. Only ninety-one (57.2%) had creatinine assay documented pre-ART commencement, with a similar proportion in males and females (p=0.24). The prevalence of CKD was 15.5% (95% CI: 8.7 - 24.5%)

Conclusion: About two out of every five patients had no documented creatinine assay pre-ART commencement.The prevalence of CKD among ART-naïve patients with creatinine assay before the commencement of ARDs  was moderate. A policy change that supports free or subsidized serum creatinine test using point-of-care creatinine machines in all HIV treatment centres to assess kidney function of  HIV patients before ART initiation is recommended.
Potential Impacts of Okpuno Egbu Dumpsite on Groundwater Resources in Parts of Nnewi, Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Emecheta C. I. , Okpara A. O. , Ifeanyichukwu K. A. , Madu F. M. , Okolo C. M.
Published: July 2023

The study area, Nnewi is one of the most populated, commercial and industrialized cities in Anambra State. Geophysical data were collected from 15 vertical electrical sounding (VES) points and hydrogeochemical analysis of 15 groundwater samples collected from 15 locations were analyzed for their chemical composition and used to assess the impact of the dumpsite at Okpunoegbu on groundwater in the study area. The results of the vertical electrical sounding indicate that most of the aquiferous units fall within the fourth layer at most of the Relocations with an average resistivity of 1340.25Ωm, an average thickness of 41.75m and average depth of 51.25m. The range of the regional water table is from 25.41m to 99.42m. The Dar-Zarrouk parameters; longitudinal conductance and transverse resistance, s and t were determined from the geophysical data to be 0.007mho and 55966.9Ω respectively. The results of s indicate that the protective capacity of the overburden layers to underlying aquifer is low. which implies easy transmission of pollutants to the aquifers making them vulnerable to pollution. The results of water analysis show that the range of pH in the samples is between 5.73 to 6.95 indicating that 20% of the water samples are slightly acidic and 80% to alkaline. TDS, TSS and EC were found to be within the permissible limits of WHO and NSDWQ standard guidelines. COD and BOD were above the permissible limits indicating the water samples to be severely polluted. DO1 and DO5 range between 22.78 - 65.40 mg/L and 48-358.96 mg/L respectively. The major cations and anions were within the permissible limits.. However, the heavy metals range in samples were cadmium (0.04-0.37mg/L), chromium (0.01-0.10mg/L), mercury (0-0-07mg/L) and lead (0.1-0.93mg/L), exceed the permissible limits in some samples. The geospatial distribution maps of the heavy metals implicate the dumpsite and other sources as contributors of the increased concentrations of cadmium and lead. while indicating the dump as a major contributor of chromium and mercury to groundwater in the study area. The calculated quality indices, WQI and HMPI rate the groundwater as highly polluted and unsuitable for drinking, and the CD and HMEI as moderately to highly polluted, respectively. The identified hydrochemical facies classify the water as Ca-Cl and Ca-Mg –Cl – SO4 water type. The Cl – SO4 facie indicate end water usually with increased age found in the discharge areas. The Okpunoegbu dumpsite is an important source of groundwater contaminants and pollutants especially the heavy metals such as cadmium, mercury, chromium and lead. The protective capacity of the overburden is enhancing the vulnerability of the aquifers to pollution as they are rated as low. It is recommended that some remediation measures be carried out to restore the groundwater quality and prevent further pollution being initiated and appropriate water treatment be carried before use for drinking purposes.
Reconsidering the Language of Serious Illness
Authors: Kruser Jacqueline M. , Clapp Justin T. , Arnold Robert M.
Published: July 2023

This Viewpoint expresses how use of certain language complicates decision-making for critically ill patients, and it highlights alternative phrasing for effective communication.
Validation of a Proprietary Deterioration Index Model and Performance in Hospitalized Adults
Authors: Byrd Thomas F. , Southwell Bronwyn , Ravishankar Adarsh , Tran Travis , Kc Abhinab , Phelan Tom , Melton-Meaux Genevieve B. , Usher Michael G. , Scheppmann Daren , Switzer Sean , Simon Gyorgy , Tignanelli Christopher J.
Published: July 2023

Importance

The Deterioration Index (DTI), used by hospitals for predicting patient deterioration, has not been extensively validated externally, raising concerns about performance and equitable predictions.

Objective

To locally validate DTI performance and assess its potential for bias in predicting patient clinical deterioration.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective prognostic study included 13 737 patients admitted to 8 heterogenous Midwestern US hospitals varying in size and type, including academic, community, urban, and rural hospitals. Patients were 18 years or older and admitted between January 1 and May 31, 2021.

Exposure

DTI predictions made every 15 minutes.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Deterioration, defined as the occurrence of any of the following while hospitalized: mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit transfer, or death. Performance of the DTI was evaluated using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and area under the precision recall curve (AUPRC). Bias measures were calculated across demographic subgroups.

Results

A total of 5 143 513 DTI predictions were made for 13 737 patients across 14 834 hospitalizations. Among 13 918 encounters, the mean (SD) age of patients was 60.3 (19.2) years; 7636 (54.9%) were female, 11 345 (81.5%) were White, and 12 392 (89.0%) were of other ethnicity than Hispanic or Latino. The prevalence of deterioration was 10.3% (n = 1436). The DTI produced AUROCs of 0.759 (95% CI, 0.756-0.762) at the observation level and 0.685 (95% CI, 0.671-0.700) at the encounter level. Corresponding AUPRCs were 0.039 (95% CI, 0.037-0.040) at the observation level and 0.248 (95% CI, 0.227-0.273) at the encounter level. Bias measures varied across demographic subgroups and were 14.0% worse for patients identifying as American Indian or Alaska Native and 19.0% worse for those who chose not to disclose their ethnicity.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this prognostic study, the DTI had modest ability to predict patient deterioration, with varying degrees of performance at the observation and encounter levels and across different demographic groups. Disparate performance across subgroups suggests the need for more transparency in model training data and reinforces the need to locally validate externally developed prediction models.
Simulative Determination of Effective Mechanical Properties for Digitally Generated Foam Geometries
Authors: Reder Martin , Holland-Cunz Jana , Lorson Paula , August Anastasia , Nestler Britta
Published: July 2023

Metal foams constitute a promising and emerging material class in the context of lightweight construction. There exists a variety of different foam topologies, on which resulting mechanical properties depend. To maximize the potential of foams in material use under mechanical load, the present work addresses the question how different geometrical parameters influence the material behaviour. Therefore, an algorithm for digital generation and design of open pore foam structures is presented, that allows to regulate the geometry precisely. A method for retrieving effective mechanical properties from numerical simulations of compression tests in the elastic regime is introduced. Additionally, the representativeness of foam volumes considered for simulations is investigated. This yields a fully digital workflow, which enables the investigation of geometry influence on mechanical properties. This approach is used to conduct simulation studies on generated foam structures with a systematic variation of geometrical parameters. Herein, a range of effective Young's moduli varying by up to a factor of 1.3 for different foam structures at the same porosity is found. This shows a significant impact of the foam geometry on the elastic properties of metal foams. The presented methodology yields insights, which can guide design and optimization of materials for specific applications.
Synchronous Diagnosis of Respiratory Viruses Variants via Receptonics Based on Modeling Receptor‒Ligand Dynamics
Authors: Seo Sung Eun , Kim Kyung Ho , Ha Siyoung , Oh Hanseul , Kim Jinyeong , Kim Soomin , Kim Lina , Seo Minah , An Jai Eun , Park Yoo Min , Lee Kyoung G. , Kim Yu Kyung , Kim Woo‐Keun , Hong Jung Joo , Song Hyun Seok , Kwon Oh Seok
Published: July 2023

The transmission and pathogenesis of highly contagious fatal respiratory viruses are increasing, and the need for an on‐site diagnostic platform has arisen as an issue worldwide. Furthermore, as the spread of respiratory viruses continues, different variants have become the dominant circulating strains. To prevent virus transmission, the development of highly sensitive and accurate on‐site diagnostic assays is urgently needed. Herein, a facile diagnostic device is presented for multi‐detection based on the results of detailed receptor‒ligand dynamics simulations for the screening of various viral strains. The novel bioreceptor‐treated electronics (receptonics) device consists of a multichannel graphene transistor and cell‐entry receptors conjugated to N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC). An ultrasensitive multi‐detection performance is achieved without the need for sample pretreatment, which will enable rapid diagnosis and prevent the spread of pathogens. This platform can be applied for the diagnosis of variants of concern in clinical respiratory virus samples and primate models. This multi‐screening platform can be used to enhance surveillance and discriminate emerging virus variants before they become a severe threat to public health.
Realizing Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting by Modulating the Thickness‐Induced Reaction Energy Barrier of Fluorenone‐Based Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Shen Rongchen , Qin Chaochao , Hao Lei , Li Xiuzhi , Zhang Peng , Li Xin
Published: July 2023

Direct photocatalytic hydrogen and oxygen evolution from water splitting is an attractive approach for producing chemical fuels. In this work, a novel fluorenone‐based covalent organic framework (COF‐SCAU‐2) is successfully exfoliated into ultrathin three‐layer nanosheets (UCOF‐SCAU‐2) for photocatalytic overall water splitting (OWS) under visible light. The ultrathin structures of UCOF‐SCAU‐2 greatly enhance carrier separation, utilization efficiency, and the exposure of active surface sites. Surprisingly, UCOF‐SCAU‐2 exhibits efficient photocatalytic OWS performance, with hydrogen and oxygen evolution rates reaching 0.046 and 0.021 mmol h−1 g−1, respectively, under visible‐light irradiation, whereas bulk COF‐SCAU‐2 shows no activity for photocatalytic OWS. Charge‐carrier kinetic analysis and DFT calculations confirm that reducing the thickness of the COF nanosheets increases the number of accessible active sites, reduces the distance for charge migration, prolongs the lifetimes of photogenerated carriers, and decreases the Gibbs free energy of the rate‐limiting step compared to nonexfoliated COFs. This work offers new insights into the effect of the layer thickness of COFs on photocatalytic OWS.
High‐Performance Semitransparent Color Organic Photodiodes Enabled by Integrating Fabry–Perot and Solution‐Processed Distributed Bragg Reflectors
Authors: Kim Bo Youn , Shafian Shafidah , Kim Kyungkon
Published: July 2023

Organic photodiodes (OPDs) have recently garnered attention as a competitive alternative to their inorganic counterparts, given their inherent advantages in solution processability, mechanical flexibility, and cost‐effective manufacturing. In this work, a novel method for fabricating high‐performance semitransparent color OPDs by integrating Fabry–Perot (FP) interferometer‐based color‐filtering electrodes and solution‐processed distributed Bragg reflectors (sDBRs) is introduced. The FP electrode provides color control by modulating the metal oxide layer thickness, irrespective of the photoactive layer's color. To overcome limitations related to light absorption and device transparency, this work employs a sDBR as a selective window reflector, allowing the OPD to retain its color while preserving semitransparency. The experimental findings demonstrate the successful integration of these components, resulting in semitransparent red, green, and blue (RGB) OPDs exhibiting significantly improved detectivity. The fabricated RGB‐OPDs achieve detectivity values of 4.07, 3.49, and 4.22 × 1010 cm Hz1/2 W−1 for red, green, and blue, respectively. This research highlights the efficacy of FP and sDBR color filters in realizing high‐performance color sensors and offer novel opportunities for semitransparent OPD integration with other optoelectronic devices.
Protein‐Based Face Mask with High SARS‐CoV‐2 Neutralization Ability and Breathability
Authors: Zhang Bao‐Zhong , Au‐Yeung Yee‐Man , Yuen Terrence Tsz‐Tai , Xu Xiaoyun , Gong Hua‐Rui , Zeng Zheng , Li Renhao , Hu Jinlian , Chu Hin , Huang Jian‐Dong
Published: July 2023

Current intramuscular vaccines cannot effectively prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) transmission and infection in nasal epithelium. Although face masks represent an additional preventive measure against SARS‐CoV‐2, their low breathability hinders wearing compliance. Herein, the development of SuperNeut, a protein‐based breathable high‐efficiency face mask, is reported. The mask contains KP‐LCB1, a fusion protein that can capture SARS‐CoV‐2 spike proteins on one end and attach to keratin fibres on the other. The meltblown fabric is replaced by a thin electrospun keratin layer that allows uniform adhesion of KP‐LCB1, which serves as an effective barrier to filter incoming viruses, while substantially improving breathability. The studies demonstrate that the fusion protein is stable and can efficiently neutralise multiple SARS‐CoV‐2 wildtype (WT), Alpha (B.1.1.7), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529). The breathability of SuperNeut mask compared to commercial surgical masks is also quantified. Importantly, it is shown that SuperNeut Mask is able to effectively prevent SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta transmission in Syrian hamster model. Overall, the highly breathable SuperNeut mask can efficiently prevent SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission. This design serves as a proof‐of‐concept that face mask designs can be improved with biological components. The neutralising proteins in this mask can be altered to combat future respiratory disease outbreaks.
Biocompatible Solid‐State Ion‐Sensitive Organic Electrochemical Transistor for Physiological Multi‐Ions Sensing
Authors: Moudgil Akshay , Hou Kunqi , Li Ting , Leong Wei Lin
Published: July 2023

Wearable bioelectronic sensors have gained tremendous prominence and applicability in healthcare technologies as they offer an alternative to traditional clinical testing and health monitoring. However, many challenges must be overcome for off‐site and point‐of‐care commercial applications, including sensitivity, selectivity, multiple analyte detection, sample procurement technique, invasiveness, biocompatibility, and accurate real‐time sensing. Specifically, a wearable sweat‐based diagnostic biosensing platform offers a noninvasive way for rapid and real‐time monitoring of various physiological biomarkers. This work develops a flexible solid‐state organic electrochemical transistor with an extended sensing node for multi‐ions sensing in the physiological range with high selectivity, fast response, and superior sensitivity. The solid‐contact architecture is implemented for easy sample handling, processability, device miniaturization, and flexibility. For the first time, multiplexed ions (sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and calcium (Ca2+)) sensing with the integration of ion‐selective membranes and biocompatible semiconducting channel in an extended gate‐solid‐state organic electrochemical transistor (ExG‐SSOECT) is presented. The integrated ExG‐SSOECT device platform exhibits improved performance among the available wearable sensors and offers great potential to be a suitable biochemical sensor in wearable bioelectronics.
TiO2 Passivated Zno Nanoarray Layer Based Fluoroalkylsilane Film for Photovoltaic Optical Glass: Achieving UV Shielding, Acid Rain Resistance, and Self‐Cleaning Properties
Authors: Ma Xin , Yin Yutong , Song Jiali , Nong Zequan , Chandrasekaran Sundaram , Liu Chenglu , Cheng Shengye , Hu Zhichang , Wu Lina , Han Faming , Liu Yongping , Chen Yiwang
Published: July 2023

Photovoltaic technology is a prominent source of renewable energy, but maintenance costs and efficiency attenuation of large photovoltaic devices are significant issues due to their vast energy conversion area. To reduce costs and facilitate maintenance, superhydrophobic surfaces with self‐cleaning properties have been developed for photovoltaic glass. In this study, transparent ZnO nanoarrays (NAs) are synthesized on photovoltaic glass, with Eu3+ doping enhancing the ultraviolet radiation resistance of photovoltaic devices and slightly increasing visible transmittance. A TiO2 passivation layer is introduced on the ZnO NAs surface to enhance acid resistance and mitigate corrosion caused by acidic rainwater. Fluoroalkylsilane (POTS) modification achieves superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 160.25°, as demonstrated by droplet rolling experiments. Micro‐interaction of superhydrophobic properties is further investigated by force curve measurement using atomic force microscope, showing almost no nanometer water moisture on the superhydrophobic surface, but conspicuous water moisture on the control glass surface. Finally, simulated models and practical silicon crystal solar cells fabricated using the self‐cleaning glass show excellent acid rain resistance, self‐cleaning, and long service life properties, with no power conversion efficiency degeneration during a 40‐day outdoor application test.
Micro‐Engineered Organoid‐on‐a‐Chip Based on Mesenchymal Stromal Cells to Predict Immunotherapy Responses of HCC Patients
Authors: Zou Zhengyu , Lin Zhun , Wu Chenglin , Tan Jizhou , Zhang Jie , Peng Yanwen , Zhang Kunsong , Li Jiaping , Wu Minhao , Zhang Yuanqing
Published: July 2023

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide. Patient‐derived organoid (PDO) has great potential in precision oncology, but low success rate, time‐consuming culture, and lack of tumor microenvironment (TME) limit its application. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) accumulate in primary site to support tumor growth and recruit immune cells to form TME. Here, MSC and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) coculture is used to construct HCC organoid‐on‐a‐chip mimicking original TME and provide a high‐throughput drug‐screening platform to predict outcomes of anti‐HCC immunotherapies. HCC‐PDOs and PBMC are co‐cultured with MSC and Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAF). MSC increases success rate of biopsy‐derived PDO culture, accelerates PDO growth, and promotes monocyte survival and differentiation into tumor‐associated macrophages. A multi‐layer microfluidic chip is designed to achieve high‐throughput co‐culture for drug screening. Compared to conventional PDOs, MSC‐PDO‐PBMC and CAF‐PDO‐PBMC models show comparable responses to chemotherapeutic or targeted anti‐tumor drugs but more precise prediction potential in assessing patients’ responses to anti‐PD‐L1 drugs. Moreover, this microfluidic platform shortens PDO growth time and improves dimensional uniformity of organoids. In conclusion, the study successfully constructs microengineered organoid‐on‐a‐chip to mimic TME for high‐throughput drug screening, providing novel platform to predict immunotherapy response of HCC patients.
Advancing Structural Battery Composites: Robust Manufacturing for Enhanced and Consistent Multifunctional Performance
Authors: Siraj Mohammad Siam , Tasneem Samia , Carlstedt David , Duan Shanghong , Johansen Marcus , Larsson Carl , Xu Johanna , Liu Fang , Edgren Fredrik , Asp Leif E.
Published: July 2023

Multifunctional materials offer a possibility to create lighter and more resource‐efficient products and thereby improve energy efficiency. Structural battery composites are one type of such a multifunctional material with potential to offer massless energy storage for electric vehicles and aircraft. Although such materials have been demonstrated, their performance level and consistency must be improved. Also, the cell dimensions need to be increased. Herein, a robust manufacturing procedure is developed and structural battery composite cells are repeatedly manufactured with double the multifunctional performance and size compared to state‐of‐the‐art structural battery cells. Furthermore, six structural battery cells are selected and laminated into a structural battery composite multicell demonstrator to showcase the technology. The multicell demonstrator performance is characterized for two different electrical configurations. The low variability in the multifunctional properties of the cells verifies the potential for upscaling offered by the proposed manufacture technique.
Tert‐Butylnitrite Mediated Regioselective C(sp2)−3 Nitration of Substituted 4‐Quinolones and Its Late‐stage Manipulations
Authors: Ghosh Prasanjit , Chhetri Gautam , Mandal Anirban , Mahato Manas , Das Sajal
Published: July 2023

A novel and eco‐friendly technique for the synthesis of C‐3 nitro derivatives of 4‐quinolones via the regioselective C(sp2)−H bond functionalization employing tert‐butyl nitrite as nitrating agent in presence of TEMPO [(2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐yl)oxyl] as an oxidant is unfolded herein. The protocol is scalable as well as high yielding with wide substrate scope and broad functional group tolerance. In‐depth mechanistic investigations revealed that the reaction occurred through a free radical pathway. The nitro derivatives of 4‐quinlones were selectively reduced to corresponding aminated 4‐quinolones. Finally, the photophysical properties of synthesized amine derivatives were also investigated, and some of them showed good fluorescence properties.
DABCO Mediated Sulfur Activation‐Intramolecular De‐Nitration Strategy for the Synthesis of Novel Dihydrothiochromeno[4,3‐c]pyrazoles
Authors: Deepika  , Paul Avijit K. , Malakar Chandi C. , Bansal Ajay , Singh Virender
Published: July 2023

A facile and highly efficient metal‐free approach has been unfolded for the synthesis of novel dihydrothiochromeno[4,3‐c]pyrazoles using elemental sulfur as a powerful sulfurating reagent. This method includes sp2 C−H functionalization followed by sp2 C−NO2 group displacement using elemental sulfur as an odourless sulfur source activated by DABCO in DMSO. Using the developed synthetic strategy, a library of 29 novel dihydrothiochromeno[4,3‐c]pyrazoles, incorporating two pharmacologically important scaffolds has been synthesized in 52–76% yield with a broad substrate scope. A sensible mechanistic proposal has been projected based on control experiments.
Effect of low‐temperature plasma modified pyrolysis carbon black on the properties of rubber composites prepared by wet process
Authors: Zhou Yukun , Zhang Jinshuo , Chen Yihui , Zheng Yihang , Qiu Jian , Bian Huiguang , Li Li , Tian Xiaolong , Wang Chuansheng , Li Wei
Published: July 2023

Pyrolysis carbon black is the pyrolysis product of waste tires. The high‐value utilization of pyrolysis carbon black can reduce black pollution of the environment, achieve sustainable development, and solve the problem of energy supply and consumption in the world. This paper mainly studies the modification and excitation of low‐temperature plasma on pyrolysis carbon black. It proposes a micro flocculation wet process (DMLI process) for preparing master rubber by wet mixing. Combined with DMLI process, the vulcanization performance, physical and mechanical properties, Payne effect, and dynamic mechanical properties were also analyzed and characterized. The results showed that the properties of the rubber compound prepared by low‐temperature plasma modification of pyrolytic carbon black were significantly improved. The modified pyrolytic carbon black had the characteristics of less ash, higher activity, and stronger affinity with rubber, and the wettability was significantly improved. In wet mixing, the new DMLI process can effectively improve the degree of combination and dispersion of carbon black and natural rubber latex. Therefore, the modified pyrolytic carbon black can completely replace the industrial carbon black N330, thereby preparing high‐performance rubber composites, realizing the high‐value utilization of pyrolytic carbon black and sustainable green development.
Impact of cryogenic treatment on mechanical and electro active actuation properties of soft polymers
Authors: Mallick Partha Sarathi , Patra Karali
Published: July 2023

The goal of this study is to investigate the change in stretchability property of soft polymers before and after cryogenic treatment. To achieve this, the influences of cryogenic treatment on the rate dependent tensile properties, hysteresis behavior, and stress‐relaxation of soft polymers are extensively analyzed. Results indicated that the effects of cryogenic treatment for both VHB and Ecoflex samples on mechanical responses were more prominent at low strain rate. It was also observed that VHB polymer could exhibit more strain rate sensitivity than Ecoflex sample after cryogenic treatment. For stress relaxation test, both cryo‐treated polymer samples were found to yield less overall stress and takes longer time to reach equilibrium stress in comparison to untreated polymer. Extensive experimental findings showed that the amount of energy dissipated while cooling below glass transition temperature (Tg), causes stress softening with lowering of viscoelastic property. On the other hand, there is a good enhancement of the electro‐active actuation strain for the cryo‐treated VHB 4910 and Ecoflex specimens. The results of this work could be used as a helpful guide for applying cryogenic treatment to improve electro‐mechanical properties of soft polymers, as the theory underlying this treatment has not been well explored
The 2022 EULAR/ACR Points to Consider at the Early Stages of Diagnosis and Management of Suspected Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis/Macrophage Activation Syndrome (HLH/MAS)
Authors: Shakoory Bita , Geerlinks Ashley , Wilejto Marta , Kernan Kate , Hines Melissa , Romano Micol , Piskin David , Ravelli Angelo , Sinha Rashmi , Aletaha Daniel , Allen Carl , Bassiri Hamid , Behrens Edward M. , Carcillo Joseph , Carl Linda , Chatham Winn , Cohen Jeffrey I. , Cron Randy Q. , Drewniak Erik , Grom Alexei A. , Henderson Lauren A. , Horne Annacarin , Jordan Michael B. , Nichols Kim E. , Schulert Grant , Vastert Sebastiaan , Demirkaya Erkan , Goldbach‐Mansky Raphaela , de Benedetti Fabrizio , Marsh Rebecca A. , Canna Scott W.
Published: July 2023

Objective

Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) are life‐threatening systemic hyperinflammatory syndromes that can develop in most inflammatory contexts. They can progress rapidly, and early identification and management are critical for preventing organ failure and mortality. This effort aimed to develop evidence‐based and consensus‐based points to consider to assist clinicians in optimising decision‐making in the early stages of diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of HLH/MAS.

Methods

A multinational, multidisciplinary task force of physician experts, including adult and paediatric rheumatologists, haematologist/oncologists, immunologists, infectious disease specialists, intensivists, allied healthcare professionals and patients/parents, formulated relevant research questions and conducted a systematic literature review (SLR). Delphi methodology, informed by SLR results and questionnaires of experts, was used to generate statements aimed at assisting early decision‐making and optimising the initial care of patients with HLH/MAS.

Results

The task force developed 6 overarching statements and 24 specific points to consider relevant to early recognition of HLH/MAS, diagnostic approaches, initial management and monitoring of HLH/MAS. Major themes included the simultaneous need for prompt syndrome recognition, systematic evaluation of underlying contributors, early intervention targeting both hyperinflammation and likely contributors, careful monitoring for progression/complications and expert multidisciplinary assistance.

Conclusion

These 2022 EULAR/American College of Rheumatology points to consider provide up‐to‐date guidance, based on the best available published data and expert opinion. They are meant to help guide the initial evaluation, management and monitoring of patients with HLH/MAS in order to halt disease progression and prevent life‐threatening immunopathology.
Exploring the potential environmental impact of the recently established African continental free trade agreement on ECOWAS members' nations
Authors: Ibrahim Abubakar Sadiq , Wang Lanhui , Cudjoe Dan , KofarNaisa Farouk Umar , Ibrahim Abdul , Ibrahim Musa Saleh , Buba Zakariiyau
Published: July 2023

This research aims to comprehensively analyze the potential environmental impact of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) in Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) countries. To achieve this, a two‐model approach is employed, consisting of a fixed and random effects model covering the period of 1990 to 2021 and a difference‐in‐differences (DID) model focusing on the period of 2014 to 2021. The fixed and random effects model provides insights into long‐term trends and country‐specific effects, while the DID model assesses short‐term changes and estimates causal relationship effects of the AfCFTA by comparing changes in environmental indicators before and after the AfCFTA establishment. Our conclusion is based on the random effect, which was determined to be more appropriate following the Hausman diagnostic test and the DID results. The random effect model results show that GDP increases environmental degradation, whereas GDP squared improves environmental quality. Trade openness and energy consumption improve the region's environmental quality, while foreign direct investment inflows damage the environment. The DID results indicate that the treatment variable (establishment of AfCFTA) has the potential of worsening the environment while the control variable (ECOWAS member) has the potential of improving environmental quality. The interaction variable (treatment × control) enhances environmental quality. The study suggests that the trade agreement has the potential to contribute to sustainable development and environmental protection. Policymakers should seize this opportunity by implementing environmental safeguards, promoting sustainable trade practices, fostering regional collaboration, and ensuring effective monitoring and evaluation mechanisms.
Virtual campus environments: A comparison between interactive H5P and traditional online activities in master teaching
Authors: Gil‐García Isabel C. , Fernández‐Guillamón Ana , García‐Cascales M. Socorro , Molina‐García Ángel
Published: July 2023

Traditional face‐to‐face learning and teaching methodologies are currently being replaced or combined by virtual and digital campuses. In fact, a variety of online activities are available for virtual classrooms, becoming more interactive and creative teaching strategies. Among them, H5P is a free and open source platform that allows the creation of interactive content to be embedded in virtual campuses. This paper presents a comparison between traditional online and interactive H5P activities. The case study was carried out on the Wind Energy subject, within the MSc in Renewable Energies, assessing the impact on students and teachers through different indicators. The mean score of students who participated in the traditional online activity was 7.4/10, slightly lower than that of students who participated in the interactive H5P activity, which was 8.4/10. Actually, the statistical analysis showed that the proposed interactive H5P activity did not present a significant improvement on the average grade, in comparison to the traditional online activity. In terms of the students' perception, 75% found the interactive H5P activity easy to do, and 55% felt more motivated compared to traditional online activities. Moreover, teachers pointed out that the activity positively influenced students in terms of participation and motivation. These results confirm that the digital environment is here to stay, combined with other activities to fulfill all the skills and competences to be achieved.
Combination of UHPLC‐Q Exactive‐Orbitrap MS, Bioinformatics and Molecular Docking to Reveal the Mechanism of Huan‐Lian‐Jie‐Du Decoction in the Treatment of Diabetic Encephalopathy
Authors: Cao Dong‐min , Liang Qing‐feng , Zhang Zhi‐tong , He Wen‐jiao , Tang Dan
Published: July 2023

Diabetic encephalopathy (DE) is a serious complication of diabetes, which affects patients′ quality of life. We aimed to explore HLJDD in the treatment of DE by LC/MS and bioinformatics. UPLC‐Q Exactive‐Orbitrap MS was employed to clarify the compounds. The modules and hub targets of DE were gained from WGCNA. Subsequently, an Herb‐Compound‐Target network was constructed and enrichment analysis was used. In addition, a protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and molecular docking was used to verify the above analysis. As result, 138 compounds and 10 prototypes in brain were identified. In network pharmacology, 8 modules and 5692 hub targets were obtained from WGCNA. An Herb‐Compound‐Target network was constructed by 4 herbs, 10 compounds and 56 targets. The enrichment analysis showed that the treatment of DE with HLJDD involve oxidative stress and neuroprotection. Beside, SRC, JUN, STAT3, MAPK1 and PIK3R1 were identified and as hub targets of HLJDD in treating DE. Moreover, Molecular docking showed that five hub targets had strong affinity with the corresponding alkaloids. Therefore, we explored the underlying mechanisms of HLJDD in the treatment of DE and to provide the theoretical and scientific basis for subsequent experimental studies and clinical applications.
Species Differentiation and Quality Evaluation for Atractylodes Medicinal Plants by GC/MS Coupled with Chemometric Analysis
Authors: Ma Zicheng , Liu Guoqiang , Yang Zijie , Zhang Guoqin , Sun Lili , Wang Meng , Ren Xiaoliang
Published: July 2023

The utilization of rhizomes from the genus Atractylodes has been challenging due to their closely related origins. In this study, we developed an analytical strategy to differentiate Atractylodes lancea (A. lancea), Atractylodes chinensis (A. chinensis), Atractylodes japonica (A. japonica), and Atractylodes macrocephala (A. macrocephala), and compared their volatile compositions. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to analyze the volatile profiles of essential oils extracted from 59 batches of samples. Chemometric methods enabled a better understanding of the differences in volatile oils between the four species and identified significant components affecting their classification and quality. A total of 50 volatile components were identified from the essential oils by GC/MS. Unsupervised and supervised chemometric analyses accurately distinguished A. lancea, A. chinensis, A. japonica, and A. macrocephala. Furthermore, five characteristic chemical markers, namely hinesol, β‐eudesmol, atractylon, atractylodin and atractylenolide I, were obtained, and their respective percentage contents in individual species and samples were determined. This study provides a valuable reference for the quality evaluation of medicinal plants with essential oils and holds significance for species differentiation and the rational clinical application of Atractylodes herbs.
Imported taeniasis in the context of colon hydrotherapy
Authors: Gomila Bárbara , Pedrón‐García Verónica , Granizo‐Bermejo David , Esteban J. Guillermo
Published: July 2023

Key Clinical Message

We report a case of imported taeniasis, under the modality of “visiting friends and relatives”, in the context of colon hydrotherapy. This technique allows the detection of proglottids, diagnosed in this case as Taenia saginata based on the gravid proglottid that presented more than 13 uterine branches and showed active motility. Moreover, the patient did not consume pork for religious reasons. The treatment with paromomicin sulfate was effective. In this case, a trip to Ethiopia, together with the ingestion of raw beef, was the cause of parasitization. It is highly advisable to obtain detailed information from the patient on their background, especially their travel and dietary histories.
A rare extrapulmonary presentation of tuberculosis: Breast tuberculosis
Authors: Khanal Shambhu , Kafle Anil , Bhandari Sushmita , Kayastha Priyanka
Published: July 2023

Key Clinical Message

Breast abscess of long duration can be tubercular origin in both developing and developed countries despite its rarity.

A 34‐year‐old lady presented with painful lump on her breast for 2 months, which was diagnosed with mammary tuberculosis on basis of aspiration cytology and successfully treated with antitubercular drugs. Breast abscess of long duration may be tubercular etiology in both developing and developed nations.
Temporal Control of Fluorescent EuW10 Aggregates for Autonomous DNA Capture and Information Encryption
Authors: Zhang Zhuo , Liu Ting , Li Yawen , Yu Yang , Ning Lin , Qiu Xuefan , Li Chencan , Wang Ling , Xu Wenlong
Published: July 2023

Self‐assembly exploits noncovalent interaction to offer an effective method for the fabrication of materials. For Na9[EuW10O36] ⋅ 32H2O (EuW10), the negative charges and abundant oxygen atoms on its surface provide a handle for static self‐assembly. New properties are envisioned for EuW10 aggregates which are able to display such kinetics and time‐programming characteristics, in order to satisfy more complex and intelligent application scenarios, such as DNA binding and information encryption. In this work, EuW10 coupling with stimuli‐responsive dodecyl dimethylamine oxide (C12DMAO) can generate versatile aggregates with pH‐responsive properties. We demonstrated the temporal programming of the assembly and disassembly of EuW10 nanospheres using a pH clock reaction of acid/urease hydrolysis. The pH clock reaction endows EuW10 assemblies with dynamical properties, in which the charges and fluorescence changes are coded in this system. These fluorescent assemblies provide new application in time‐programmed DNA capture and information encryption.
Regeneration of Desiccants for Hydrogen by Dielectric Heating with Radio Waves
Authors: Holzer Frank , Kraus Markus , Roland Ulf
Published: July 2023

Die Feintrocknung spielt eine Schlüsselrolle für den Einsatz und insbesondere die Einspeisung von Wasserstoff in die Erdgasinfrastruktur. Zur thermischen Regenerierung des Trockenmittels können Radiowellen für eine direkte dielektrische Erwärmung des Schüttbettes eingesetzt werden. In Abhängigkeit von den verwendeten Zeolithen, NaX oder NaY, sind dabei sowohl eine homogene Erwärmung als auch eine selektive Erwärmung der wasserbeladenen Trockenmittelschüttungen möglich. Nach entsprechenden Tests steht nunmehr ein einsatzfähiger druckfester Prototyp für die Wasserstofftrocknung zur Verfügung.
Eine nachhaltige Lösung für Kunststoffabfälle
Authors: Alwast Holger , Schu Reinhard
Published: July 2023

Was hat E‐Mobilität mit chemischem Recycling zu tun? Das verbindende Element ist Naphtha, das als Nebenprodukt bei der Herstellung von Automobilkraftstoffen aus Erdöl entsteht. Naphtha bildet die Grundlage für die im Steamckracker hergestellten Basismoleküle der Kunststoffproduktion. Solange keine Umstellung auf E‐Mobilität erfolgt, bleibt die Produktion von Kunststoffen aus Naphtha bestehen. Obwohl großtechnische chemische Recyclingverfahren bereit sind, besteht derzeit kein Bedarf an zusätzlichen Rohstoffen für die Kunststoffproduktion.
Mehr Service und Funktionen mit weniger Material und Energie
Authors: Sutthoff Rene
Published: July 2023

Klaus Kümmerer spricht im Interview über die Bedeutung der nachhaltigen Chemie für die Kreislaufwirtschaft und wie beides dazu beitragen kann, die großen Herausforderungen jetzt und für die Zukunft zu lösen. Kümmerer ist Direktor des Instituts für Nachhaltige Chemie an der Leuphana Universität Lüneburg sowie Director des Research & Education Hub des International Sustainable Chemistry Collaborative Centre (ISC3) in Bonn. Er gilt als Begründer des “Benign by Design”‐Ansatzes. Für seine zukunftsweisenden Forschungsleistungen wird ihm am 6. September 2023 der Wöhler‐Preis für Nachhaltige Chemie von der GDCh verliehen. Kümmerer ist Mitglied des High Level Round Table der EU zu Safe and Sustainable by Design (SSbD).
Magnetic resonance guidance is enough for prostate cancer: save adaptation for the patients it will really help
Authors: Johnstone Peter A. S.
Published: July 2023

Daily magnetic resonance (MR)‐guided adaptive stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for prostate cancer will minimize grade 2 and worse toxicity compared with standard computed tomography‐guided SBRT, but this is true for MR‐guided SBRT without adaptation as well because the technology allows for smaller margins. Treating prostates with adaptive technology should not be performed at the expense of other patients who could benefit more from the technique and the technology.
Fixation and Laser Capture Microdissection of Plant Tissue for RNA Extraction and RNASeq Library Preparation
Authors: Chavan Suchitra , Schnabel Elise , Saski Christopher , Frugoli Julia
Published: July 2023

To study the transcriptome of individual plant cells at specific points in time, we developed protocols for fixation, embedding, and sectioning of plant tissue followed by laser capture microdissection (LCM) and processing for RNA recovery. LCM allows the isolation of individual cell types from heterogeneous tissue sections and is particularly suited to plant processing because it does not require the breakdown of cell walls. This approach allows accurate separation of a small volume of cells that can be used to study gene expression profiles in different tissues or cell layers. The technique requires neither separation of cells by enzymatic digestion of any kind nor cell‐specific reporter genes, and it allows storage of fixed and embedded tissue for months before capture. The methods for fixation, embedding, sectioning, and capturing of plant cells that we describe yield high‐quality RNA suitable for making libraries for RNASeq. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Tissue Preparation for Laser Capture Microdissection

Basic Protocol 2: Tissue Sectioning

Basic Protocol 3: Laser Capture Microdissection of Embedded Tissue

Basic Protocol 4: RNA Extraction from Laser Capture Microdissection Samples