bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WATER RETENTION IN A RHODIC KANDIUDOX UNDER ANIMAL MANURE APPLICATION AFTER 20 YEARS
Authors: Andrade Andreia Patricia , Rauber Luiz Paulo , Bortolini Diego , Casara Ana Cláudia , Minatti Myrcia , Mafra Álvaro Luiz , Sequinatto Letícia
Published: November 2020

O uso de estercos pode favorecer a estrutura e aumentar a retenção e disponibilidade de água no solo. Neste estudo avaliou-se o efeito de 20 anos de aplicação de estercos sobre o armazenamento e a disponibilidade de água num Nitossolo Vermelho. Os tratamentos abrangeram diferentes sistemas de uso e manejo do solo com aplicação de esterco de suínos e de aves, sendo: i) cultura do milho; ii) pastagem; iii) cultura da erva mate e iv) mata nativa. As amostras de solo foram coletadas em anéis volumétricos nas camadas 0,00-0,05; 0,05-0,10 e 0,10-0,20 m, nas entrelinhas de plantio. A aplicação de estercos nas áreas com cultivo de milho e erva mate diminuíram a porosidade do solo, influenciando a disponibilidade de água, onde observa-se maior armazenamento de água na capacidade de campo e ponto de murcha permanente. A retenção de água foi influenciada pelo COT nas áreas manejadas com adição de estercos.
Зважена оцінка і пониження рівня впливу обмежених збурень у дескрипторних системах керування
Authors: Mazko A. G.
Published: November 2020

УДК 517.925.51; 681.5.03
Для класу лінійних дескрипторних систем встановлено нові критерії існування законів керування, що забезпечують асимптотичну стійкість та задану оцінку зваженого рівня гасіння обмежених збурень. Запропоновано методику узагальненої -оптимізації дескрипторних систем з керованими і спостережуваними виходами. Основні обчислювальні процедури відповідного алгоритму зводяться до розв'язання лінійних та квадратичних матричних нерівностей при додаткових рангових обмеженнях. Наведено приклад дескрипторної системи стабілізації електричного кола.
On the existence of solutions of one-dimensional fourth-order equations
Authors: Shokooh S. , Afrouzi G. A. , Hadjian A.
Published: November 2020

UDC 517.9
Using variational methods and critical point theorems, we prove the existence of nontrivial solutions for one-dimensional fourth-order equations. Multiplicity results are also pointed out.
A note on iterative solutions of an iterative functional differential equation
Authors: Zhao H. Y.
Published: November 2020

UDC 517.9
We propose an iterative method for solving the iterative functional differential equation
Відносне зростання рядів Діріхле з різними абсцисами абсолютної збіжності
Authors: Mulyava O. M. , Sheremeta M. M.
Published: November 2020

УДК 517.537.72
We study the growth of a Dirichlet series with zero abscissa of absolute convergence with respect to the entire Dirichlet series by using the generalized quantities of order  and lower order  where   is the function inverse to and is a positive increasing function growing to
The Evaluation of the Effectiveness of High-Dividend Strategies on Global Markets
Authors: Sorokin Ilya
Published: November 2020

At the end of the past century, a new type of anomaly associated with a higher return on high-yield shares was discovered on the American stock market. Since then the effectiveness of high-dividend strategies has been investigated by many authors based not only on US market, but also on other markets. The results of the studies were contradictory, that’s why it would be interesting to test the strategy over a longer time period taking into account the largest possible number of national indexes. We made a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of high-dividend strategies based on 38 indexes from 32 countries and economies and find some new factors affecting the profitability of high-dividend portfolios.
ОПЫТ ИНДИКАТИВНОГО ПЛАНИРОВАНИЯ ВО ФРАНЦИИ В СВЕТЕ ЗАДАЧИ СТРУКТУРНОЙ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ
Authors: Rassadina Alla
Published: November 2020

Russian economy finds itself in a deep protracted depression and enhancing scientific- technological lag in comparison with economically developed countries. In these circumstances, when the problems of structural transformation on the basis of re-industrialization, and technological modernization become vital for further development, implementation of different kinds of planning as an instrument of industrial policy definitely rises on the agenda. In this regard, the experience of planning methods implementation in foreign countries seems to be of a great importance.
THE VIEWS OF THE LEADERS OF WESTERN ECONOMIC TEORY (for example, works of O. Blanchard, R. Barro, F. Kydland, D. Acemoglu)
Authors: Khudokormov Alexander , Alimova N. . , Baeva A. . , Izmaylov A. . , Litovchenko A. .
Published: November 2020

The presented set of articles is the result of the work of the master's seminar on modern economic theory of the West. They analyze the work of the most famous economists leading in the citation ratings: Olivier Blanchard, Robert Joseph Barro, Finn Kydland and Daron Asemoglu. Each of these authors represents one of the trends of modern economics. So, O. Blanchard is the representative of neoclassical and keynesian synthesis in macroeconomics. R. Barro and F. Kydland are developing a liberal concept of «rational expectations» D. Asemoglu heads modern neo-institutionalism. For students, graduate students and teachers who study modern economic theory.
LABYRINTS OF EURASIAN INTEGRATION: SEARCHING THE WAYS TO A SINGLE MARKET
Authors: Gerasimenko Valentina
Published: November 2020

One of the main objectives of the EAEU is the formation of a single market for goods, services, capital and labor, leading to a comprehensive modernization, cooperation and increasing the competitiveness of economies. State regulation of market conditions of entrepreneurship should find points of growth of integration processes and introduce mechanisms for their effective development. Based on the example of economic interaction between Russia and Kazakhstan, analysis showed that the processes of nominal and institutional convergence are contradictory, the formation of a single market is unreasonably slow. In the past two years, integration progress has slowed, mutual trade of economic entities in Russia and Kazakhstan has declined. The initial effect of forming a single market, connected with the removal of barriers, has already exhausted itself. The next stage of integration development should envisage the transfer to the supranational level of a number of regulatory functions for the single market designed to stimulate the economic growth and modernization of the economies of the EAEU members.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ТУРИСТИЧЕСКОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА УЗБЕКИСТАНА
Authors: Gaibnazarova Zumrat
Published: November 2020

The article deals the state and trends of tourism development in Uzbekistan, as well as the main reasons that hamper the accelerated development of the tourism sector and the effective use of tourism potential in the republic and set objectives for achieving the goal of state policy in the field of tourism.
Perspectives of the Solid Waste Management in Moscow
Authors: Kudryavtseva Olga , Solodova Maria , Korenevskaya Darya , Kutubaeva Roza , Tishkova Anna , Shchevyeva Liubov
Published: November 2020

Solid waste management has become an issue of increasing global concern as urban population continues to rise and consumption patterns change. The paper accesses policy measures undertaken to overcome municipal waste crisis in Moscow. New waste management policy lacks sustainability due to prevalence of landfilling and combustion as well as extensive waste export. The article presents a brief description of the MSW management system in Moscow and proposes a comprehensive management strategy, which is based on the involvement of the participants in relations connected with MSW in the process of processing at all stages of the life cycle of the waste.
Evolution of the Concept of Food Security: History, Stages, Modern Interpretation
Authors: Belugin A. Yu.
Published: November 2020

The article describes the evolution of approaches to the concept of food security and its components in the world. Highlighted that the development is non-linear and the emphasis in the attention of the world community and political decision-makers to aspects of food security depends largely on the economic situation. In the 20th century, food security issues moved from the national to the global level, with subsequent involvement at the household, individual and nutritional levels. Noticed that the world tendency to synthesize and combine the problems of food security and nutrition security still does not find proper reflection in Russian scientific papers, legal documents and methods of food security assessment, indicating the possible direction of their improvement.
How to teach Econometrics to Economists: Bachelor level ..... 72 Macroeconomic Policy
Authors: Kartaev Ph. S.
Published: November 2020

The article analyzes approaches to the teaching of econometric subjects of economists. The article describes the teaching experience gained at the faculty of Economics of Moscow state University. Recommendations on the choice of topics and the sequence of their presentation in the framework of the basic course of econometrics; methodology of their presentation; the choice of activities for students to help them master econometrics (both within the basic course and beyond) are formulated.
Ecology and Happiness: how Air Pollution influences Happiness of the Population
Authors: Solonina D. O. , Oshmarina K. E. , Karev I. O.
Published: November 2020

Recent decades have seen accelerating interest in key factors of happiness driven by patterns of modern life. While more and more often global communities appeal to wider audiences, highlighting the need to commit to achievement of major goals of sustainable development, elimination of negative footprint and raising the bar of living standards, people are paying more attention to the living conditions they find themselves in. The government is focused on life satisfaction to identify major areas for improvement and to develop effective policy measures. This paper aims to estimate how and to which extent unfavorable ecological situation, primarily low air quality, impact population well-being and happiness. Recent studies point out that environmental conditions considerably influence subjective life satisfaction of an individual. On these pages, we test the relation between air pollution and people’s happiness at country level. Our findings show significantly negative impact, which signals the need to reduce emissions and propose solutions to lower the level of air pollution.
Choice between Rent and Mortgage: Evaluating the Net Present Value of Home Ownership
Authors: Ivanov O. I. , Naimi M. M.S.
Published: November 2020

The article considers the problem of choosing between the ownership of residential real estate and its rental as a solution to the investment problem. The purpose of the article is to formalize this task using only financial variables (without explicitly including non-monetary preferences) and testing it on real Russian data on real estate and mortgage lending markets. The results can be used: a) at the house-hold level, which usually poorly take into account the financial side of the decision; b) at the level of macroeconomic policy to predict the dynamics of the mortgage market. We identified the following key model parameters: the expected rate of growth in housing and rental prices, mortgage interest, and the planned period of real estate ownership. The model demonstrates that for an average of Moscow or Russian housing with enough period of ownership, the purchase is generally more profitable in the cur-rent macroeconomic conditions. However, if the forecast for the dynamics of changes in housing prices worsens, when the nominal price increase is 5-8% lower than the discount rate, the answer may change in favor of renting. This is especially true in connection with the negative dynamics of real prices in the Russian housing market.
Review of the 144th meeting of the Dispute club “Economic Policy Knots” of the Association of the Russian Economic Think Tanks on the Topic “Do agricultural holdings contribute to the achievement of the national development goals of Russia?”
Authors: Zubova E. A. , Izmailov A. A. , Tutov L. A.
Published: November 2020

The work is devoted to a review of the results of the 144rd meeting of the Dispute Club “Economic Policy Knots” of the Association of Russian Economic Think Tanks (hereinafter referred to as ARETT) on the topic “Do agricultural holdings contribute to the achievement of the national development goals of Russia”. The purpose of the event was to discuss he development of agricultural holdings and their impact on the development of agriculture in Russia. Disputants were Vasiliy Yakimovich Uzun, Senior Researcher at the Center for Agri-Food Policy of IPEI RANEPA, and Elena Viktorovna Serova, HSE Director for Agrarian Policy. The review presents the key ideas of the disputants, and also summarizes the main results of their answers to questions.
Intellectual Property in an Innovative Economy: Methodological Aspects
Authors: Sazhina M. A. , Gavrilyuk A. V.
Published: November 2020

The article reveals the economic content of intellectual property as a ratio of the appropriation and alienation of property. It is shown that intellectual property acts as a unity of a person’s mental abilities, which are expressed in his ability to solve various kinds of problems, and the result of these abilities is the net income of the owner obtained as a result of alienation. The role of intellectual property as the most important changing factor in the development of an innovative economy is considered. The participation of the state and business in the use of intellectual property and the intensification of innovation is shown. The article discloses modern trends in the development of innovations aimed at a high degree of automation and the use of new technologies for continuous self-replicating economic growth, improving the welfare and standard of living of society, and the development of the human person.
Entering the Pandemic: First Measures of Economic Support and First Results
Authors: Kurdin A. A. , Kolomiets A. R. , Markova O. A. , Sluzhevskaya V. D. , Filippova I. N. , Shpakova A. A.
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to the comparative analysis and assessment of public policy measures aimed at state support of businesses and households in the foreign economies during the entry into the COVID-19 pandemics (i. e. in March 2020). We take into account first economic results of the acute phase of pandemics published in May and June 2020. We identify common and specific approaches of the governments of China, Italy, France, Germany, Czech Rep, and the USA. We formulate the recommendations on possible anti-crisis measures of public policy to protect businesses and households in case of new waves of pandemics and new crises.
An empirical study on factors influencing consumer impulsive purchase behavior: a case of Ho Chi Minh city in the 4.0 era
Authors: Nguyen Thi Quynh Nga , Giang Bao Quynh Nhu
Published: November 2020

The fourth industrial revolution (the 4.0 era) has provided companies with more opportunities to attract potential clients across technology-based platforms, thus, bringing new factors that offer a tremendous incentive to buy impulsively, namely Contextual Targeting. Nevertheless, far too little attention has lately been paid to impulse buying behavior in Vietnam. This study offers a comprehensive view on how impulsive behavior is produced, analyzes factors having considerable significance to the impulsiveness, and proposes tactics businesses may use to maximize their sales. The data for this study were selected randomly from the population of Ho Chi Minh city via a survey in the second half of February 2020. From Exploratory Factors Analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis, results reveal that contextual targeting of advertising, packaging, and moods are strongly linked to impulse buying behaviors of Vietnamese consumers, especially in Ho Chi Minh city in the 4.0 era. The study proposes appropriate tactics for businesses to employ as a cheat-sheet, which helps manipulate customer mannerism to maximize profits.
CSR motivators of local firms in a developing country: a case study in Quang Ninh province, Vietnam
Authors: Tran Thi Hien , Nguyen Tan Thu Hien
Published: November 2020

This research explores firms’ motivators to engage in corporate social responsibility (CSR) actions from the middle managers’ perspective. In-depth interviews were conducted with 27 middle managers from Quang Ninh province in Vietnam. Using Carroll’s (1991) CSR pyramid model as the framework for qualitative data analysis, the research finds that, through the middle managers’ lens, firms are motivated to engage with CSR for necessity and sufficiency. The necessity components are profitability, competitive advantage, law compliance, and anti-bureaucracy achievements serving as the maintenance factors; and the sufficient components known as encouraging factors include employee retention, ethical image and reputation. The research contributes to the extension of Carroll’s (1991) CSR pyramid model to the context of local firms in a developing country.
Factors affecting e-learning based cloud computing acceptance: an empirical study at Vietnamese universities
Authors: Nguyen Dac Thanh , Vu Thi Hong Ngoc , Kim Huong Trang
Published: November 2020

E-learning has been a trend of higher education. Accounting students need to know how to apply flexible learning methods as they are required to study and practise in a technological environment. Nevertheless, studies on e-learning based on cloud computing for accounting students in Vietnam are still limited. This study aims to find out factors affecting the behavioral intention, the direct influence of habits, the beneficiary motivation, and the favorable conditions for the acceptance of using elearning based on cloud computing. By using data collected from a survey of 696 students and applying the theory of adopting extended UTAUT model, the estimation results from the linear structure models show that there are six determinants of accounting students’ behavioral intention, in which the performance expectancy has the strongest impact, followed by effort expectancy, price value, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, and social influence. Additionally, our findings suggest that despite not affecting the behavioral intention to use e-learning, habits directly impact the application. The hedonic motivation and the facilitating conditions are found to have direct and significant impacts on the use of e-learning based on cloud computing.
EFFECTIVENESS OF A MODERN LANDFILL LINER SYSTEM IN CONTROLLING GROUNDWATER QUALITY OF AN OPEN HYDROGEOLOGICAL SYSTEM, SE LITHUANIA
Authors: Baltrūnas Valentinas , Slavinskienė Gintarė , Karmaza Bronislavas , Pukelytė Violeta
Published: November 2020

The work analyzes data of environmental geological mapping, groundwater monitoring of the region municipal waste landfill. This study examines the effectiveness of a modern landfill liner system in minimizing migration of pollutants in the groundwater of an open hydrogeological system. The results showed that dissolution of carbonates and dilution were the major processes controlling groundwater quality. In the landfill’s direct impact zone, groundwater was only weakly polluted with biogenic components. Increase in concentrations of these chemical components in this zone was related with the groundwater and surface runoff water flowing from adjacent areas. We can state that the modern landfill liner system we analysed is efficient and has no adverse effects on groundwater quality under hydrogeological conditions favourable for the spread of pollutants. However, in case of an accident, pollutants might pose a great threat on the safety of groundwater. Therefore, even modern landfill liner systems are not recommended to be constructed in open hydrogeological systems.
The Statistical Relationship between White-light Emission and Photospheric Magnetic Field Changes in Flares
Authors: Castellanos Durán J. Sebastián , Kleint Lucia
Published: November 2020

Continuum emission, also called white-light emission (WLE), and permanent changes of the magnetic field (ΔB
LOS) are often observed during solar flares. However, their relation and precise mechanisms are still unknown. We study statistically the relationship between ΔB
LOS and WLE during 75 solar flares of different strengths and locations on the solar disk. We analyze SDO/HMI data and determine for each pixel in each flare if it exhibited WLE and/or ΔB
LOS. We then investigate the occurrence, strength, and spatial size of the WLE, its dependence on flare energy, and its correlation to the occurrence of ΔB
LOS. We detected WLE in 44/75 flares and ΔB
LOS in 59/75 flares. We find that WLE and ΔB
LOS are related, and their locations often overlap between 0% and 60%. Not all locations coincide, thus potentially indicating differences in their origin. We find that the WL area is related to the flare class by a power law, and extend the findings of previous studies, that the WLE is related to the flare class by a power law, to also be valid for C-class flares. To compare unresolved (Sun-as-a-star) WL measurements with our data, we derive a method to calculate temperatures and areas of such data under the blackbody assumption. The calculated unresolved WLE areas improve, but still differ to the resolved flaring area by about a factor of 5–10 (previously 10–20), which could be explained by various physical or instrumental causes. This method could also be applied to stellar flares to determine their temperatures and areas independently.
Precision Orbital Dynamics from Interstellar Scintillation Arcs for PSR J0437–4715
Authors: Reardon Daniel J. , Coles William A. , Bailes Matthew , Bhat N. D. Ramesh , Dai Shi , Hobbs George B. , Kerr Matthew , Manchester Richard N. , Osłowski Stefan , Parthasarathy Aditya , Russell Christopher J. , Shannon Ryan M. , Spiewak Renée , Toomey Lawrence , Tuntsov Artem V. , van Straten Willem , Walker Mark A. , Wang Jingbo , Zhang Lei , Zhu Xing-Jiang
Published: November 2020

Intensity scintillations of radio pulsars are known to originate from interference between waves scattered by the electron density irregularities of interstellar plasma, often leading to parabolic arcs in the two-dimensional power spectrum of the recorded dynamic spectrum. The degree of arc curvature depends on the distance to the scattering plasma and its transverse velocity with respect to the line of sight. We report the observation of annual and orbital variations in the curvature of scintillation arcs over a period of 16 yr for the bright millisecond pulsar, PSR J0437−4715. These variations are the signature of the relative transverse motions of Earth, the pulsar, and the scattering medium, which we model to obtain precise measurements of parameters of the pulsar’s binary orbit and the scattering medium itself. We observe two clear scintillation arcs in most of our >5000 observations, and we show that they originate from scattering by thin screens located at distances D
1 = 89.8 ± 0.4 pc and D
2 = 124 ± 3 pc from Earth. The best-fit scattering model we derive for the brightest arc yields the pulsar’s orbital inclination angle, i = 137.°1 ± 0.°3, and longitude of ascending node, Ω = 206.°3 ± 0.°4. Using scintillation arcs for precise astrometry and orbital dynamics can be superior to modeling variations in the diffractive scintillation timescale, because the arc curvature is independent of variations in the level of turbulence of interstellar plasma. This technique can be used in combination with pulsar timing to determine the full three-dimensional orbital geometries of binary pulsars and provides parameters essential for testing theories of gravity and constraining neutron star masses.
Radio and X-Ray Observations of Short-lived Episodes of Electron Acceleration in a Solar Microflare
Authors: Sharma Rohit , Battaglia Marina , Luo Yingjie , Chen 陈 Bin 彬 , Yu 余 Sijie 思捷
Published: November 2020

Solar flares are sudden energy release events in the solar corona, resulting from magnetic reconnection, that accelerate particles and heat the ambient plasma. During a flare, there are often multiple temporally and spatially separated individual energy release episodes that can be difficult to resolve depending on the observing instrument. We present multiwavelength imaging and spectroscopy observations of multiple electron acceleration episodes during a GOES B1.7-class two-ribbon flare on 2012 February 25, observed simultaneously with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array at 1–2 GHz, the Reuven Ramatay High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager in X-rays, and the Solar Dynamics Observatory in extreme ultraviolet. During the initial phase of the flare, five radio bursts were observed. A nonthermal X-ray source was seen to be cotemporal but not cospatial with the first three radio bursts. Their radio spectra are interpreted as optically thick gyrosynchrotron emission. By fitting the radio spectra with a gyrosynchrotron model, we derive the magnetic field strength and nonthermal electron spectral parameters in each acceleration episode. Notably, the nonthermal parameters derived from X-rays differ considerably from the nonthermal parameters inferred from the radio. The observations are indicative of multiple cotemporal acceleration episodes during the impulsive phase of a solar microflare. The X-ray and radio burst sources likely originate from separate electron distributions in different magnetic loops.
First Discovery of a Fast Radio Burst at 350 MHz by the GBNCC Survey
Authors: Parent E. , Chawla P. , Kaspi V. M. , Agazie G. Y. , Blumer H. , DeCesar M. , Fiore W. , Fonseca E. , Hessels J. W. T. , Kaplan D. L. , Kondratiev V. I. , LaRose M. , Levin L. , Lewis E. F. , Lynch R. S. , McEwen A. E. , McLaughlin M. A. , Mingyar M. , Noori H. Al , Ransom S. M. , Roberts M. S. E. , Schmiedekamp A. , Schmiedekamp C. , Siemens X. , Spiewak R. , Stairs I. H. , Surnis M. , Swiggum J. , Leeuwen J. van
Published: November 2020

We report the first discovery of a fast radio burst (FRB), FRB 20200125A, by the Green Bank Northern Celestial Cap (GBNCC) Pulsar Survey conducted with the Green Bank Telescope at 350 MHz. FRB 20200125A was detected at a Galactic latitude of 58.°43 with a dispersion measure of 179 pc cm3, while electron density models predict a maximum Galactic contribution of 25 pc cm3 along this line of sight. Moreover, no apparent Galactic foreground sources of ionized gas that could account for the excess DM are visible in multiwavelength surveys of this region. This argues that the source is extragalactic. The maximum redshift for the host galaxy is z
max = 0.17, corresponding to a maximum comoving distance of approximately 750 Mpc. The measured peak flux density for FRB 20200125A is 0.37 Jy, and we measure a pulse width of 3.7 ms, consistent with the distribution of FRB widths observed at higher frequencies. Based on this detection and assuming a Euclidean flux density distribution of FRBs, we calculate an all-sky rate at 350 MHz of

FRBs sky−1 day−1 above a peak flux density of 0.42 Jy for an unscattered pulse having an intrinsic width of 5 ms, consistent with rates reported at higher frequencies, albeit with large uncertainties. Given the recent improvements in our single-pulse search pipeline, we also revisit the GBNCC survey sensitivity to various burst properties. Finally, we find no evidence of strong interstellar scattering in FRB 20200125A, adding to the growing evidence that some FRBs have circumburst environments where free–free absorption and scattering are not significant.
X-Ray through Very High Energy Intrabinary Shock Emission from Black Widows and Redbacks
Authors: van der Merwe C. J. T. , Wadiasingh Z. , Venter C. , Harding A. K. , Baring M. G.
Published: November 2020

Black widow and redback systems are compact binaries in which a millisecond pulsar heats and may even ablate its low-mass companion by its intense wind of relativistic particles and radiation. In such systems, an intrabinary shock can form as a site of particle acceleration and associated nonthermal emission. We model the X-ray and gamma-ray synchrotron and inverse Compton spectral components for select spider binaries, including diffusion, convection, and radiative energy losses in an axially symmetric, steady-state approach. Our new multizone code simultaneously yields energy-dependent light curves and orbital-phase-resolved spectra. Using parameter studies and matching the observed X-ray spectra and light curves, as well as Fermi Large Area Telescope spectra where available, with a synchrotron component, we can constrain certain model parameters. For PSR J1723–2837 these are notably the magnetic field and bulk flow speed of plasma moving along the shock tangent, the shock acceleration efficiency, and the multiplicity and spectrum of pairs accelerated by the pulsar. This affords a more robust prediction of the expected high-energy and very high energy gamma-ray flux. We find that nearby pulsars with hot or flaring companions may be promising targets for the future Cerenkov Telescope Array. Moreover, many spiders are likely to be of significant interest to future MeV-band missions such as AMEGO and e-ASTROGAM.
The Faint End of the Quasar Luminosity Function at z ∼ 5 from the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey
Authors: Niida Mana , Nagao Tohru , Ikeda Hiroyuki , Akiyama Masayuki , Matsuoka Yoshiki , He Wanqiu , Matsuoka Kenta , Toba Yoshiki , Onoue Masafusa , Kobayashi Masakazu A. R. , Taniguchi Yoshiaki , Furusawa Hisanori , Harikane Yuichi , Imanishi Masatoshi , Kashikawa Nobunari , Kawaguchi Toshihiro , Komiyama Yutaka , Shirakata Hikari , Terashima Yuichi , Ueda Yoshihiro
Published: November 2020

We present the quasar luminosity function at z ∼ 5 derived from the optical wide-field survey data obtained as a part of the Subaru strategic program (SSP) with the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC). From a ∼81.8 deg2 area in the Wide layer of the HSC-SSP survey, we selected 224 candidates of low-luminosity quasars at z ∼ 5 by adopting the Lyman-break method down to i = 24.1 mag. Based on our candidates and spectroscopically confirmed quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), we derived the quasar luminosity function at z ∼ 5, covering a wide luminosity range of −28.76 < M
1450 < −22.32 mag. We found that the quasar luminosity function is fitted by a double power-law model with a break magnitude of

mag. The inferred number density of low-luminosity quasars is lower, and the derived faint-end slope,

, is flatter than those of previous studies at z ∼ 5. A compilation of the quasar luminosity function at 4 ≤ z ≤ 6 from the HSC-SSP suggests that there is little redshift evolution in the break magnitude and in the faint-end slope within this redshift range, although previous studies suggest that the faint-end slope becomes steeper at higher redshifts. The number density of low-luminosity quasars decreases more rapidly from z ∼ 5 to z ∼ 6 than from z ∼ 4 to z ∼ 5.
The X-Ray Fundamental Plane of the Platinum Sample, the Kilonovae, and the SNe Ib/c Associated with GRBs
Authors: Dainotti M. G. , Lenart A. Ł. , Sarracino G. , Nagataki S. , Capozziello S. , Fraija N.
Published: November 2020

A large fraction of gamma-ray burst (GRB) lightcurves (LCs) show X-ray plateaus. We analyze all GRBs with known redshifts presenting plateaus observed by The Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory from its launch until 2019 August. The fundamental plane relation between the rest-frame time and X-ray luminosity at the end of the plateau emission and the peak prompt luminosity holds for all the GRB classes when selection biases and cosmological evolutions are applied. We have discovered two important findings: (1) a new class of long GRBs with good data coverage: the platinum sample; and (2) the platinum, the SNe-LGRB, and the KN-SGRB samples, yield the smallest intrinsic scatter with σ
platinum,GRB−SNe = 0.22 ± 0.10 and σ
KN−SGRB = 0.24 ± 0.12. The SNe-LGRBs are composed of GRBs associated spectroscopically with the SNe Ib,c, the KN-SGRBs are composed by eight GRBs associated with kilonovae or where there could have been such an association. The highest correlation coefficients are yielded for the SN-LGRB-ABC sample, which includes GRBs spectroscopically associated with SNe Ib/c or with a clear optical bump in the LC resembling the SNe Ib/c, (

), the SN-LGRBs (

), and the KN-SGRBs (

) when the redshift evolution is considered. These category planes are reliable candidates to use as cosmological tools. Furthermore, the distance from the gold fundamental plane is a crucial discriminant among classes. In fact, we find that the distributions of the distances of the SNe-LGRB, SNe-LGRB-ABC, KN-SGRB, and SGRB samples from the gold fundamental plane are statistically different from the distribution of the gold GRBs’ distances from the gold fundamental plane with and without considering evolution cases.
Investigating the Effect of Galaxy Interactions on the Enhancement of Active Galactic Nuclei at 0.5 < z < 3.0
Authors: Shah Ekta A. , Kartaltepe Jeyhan S. , Magagnoli Christina T. , Cox Isabella G. , Wetherell Caleb T. , Vanderhoof Brittany N. , Calabro Antonello , Chartab Nima , Conselice Christopher J. , Croton Darren J. , Donley Jennifer , Groot Laura de , de la Vega Alexander , Hathi Nimish P. , Ilbert Olivier , Inami Hanae , Kocevski Dale D. , Koekemoer Anton M. , Lemaux Brian C. , Mantha Kameswara Bharadwaj , Marchesi Stefano , Martig Marie , Masters Daniel C. , McGrath Elizabeth J. , McIntosh Daniel H. , Moreno Jorge , Nayyeri Hooshang , Pampliega Belen Alcalde , Salvato Mara , Snyder Gregory F. , Straughn Amber N. , Treister Ezequiel , Weston Madalyn E.
Published: November 2020

Galaxy interactions and mergers are thought to play an important role in the evolution of galaxies. Studies in the nearby universe show a higher fraction of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in interacting and merging galaxies than in their isolated counterparts, indicating that such interactions are important contributors to black hole growth. To investigate the evolution of this role at higher redshifts, we have compiled the largest known sample of major spectroscopic galaxy pairs (2381 with ΔV < 5000 km s−1) at 0.5 < z < 3.0 from observations in the COSMOS and CANDELS surveys. We identify X-ray and IR AGNs among this kinematic pair sample, a visually identified sample of mergers and interactions, and a mass-, redshift-, and environment-matched control sample for each in order to calculate AGN fractions and the level of AGN enhancement as a function of relative velocity, redshift, and X-ray luminosity. While we see a slight increase in AGN fraction with decreasing projected separation, overall, we find no significant enhancement relative to the control sample at any separation. In the closest projected separation bin (< 25 kpc, ΔV < 1000 km s−1), we find enhancements of a factor of

and

for X-ray and IR-selected AGNs, respectively. While we conclude that galaxy interactions do not significantly enhance AGN activity on average over 0.5 < z < 3.0 at these separations, given the errors and the small sample size at the closest projected separations, our results would be consistent with the presence of low-level AGN enhancement.
Pre-main-sequence Stars in Taurus: Comparison of Magnetic and Nonmagnetic Model Fits to the Low-mass Stars
Authors: Mullan D. J. , MacDonald J.
Published: November 2020

Stellar associations should be co-eval, but some associations exhibit apparently discrepant ages: M stars appear younger than FG stars. Among M stars in the Upper Sco association (age ≈ 11 Myr), magnetic effects have been shown to slow down evolution of the lowest mass stars, thereby alleviating the age discrepancy. A recent study of pre-main-sequence (PMS) stars in the much younger Taurus star-forming region (SFR) suggest that an age discrepancy may also exist there. Our goal is to compare two approaches to magnetic/nonmagnetic modeling of the Taurus stars. In one approach, Simon et al. concluded that an age discrepancy exists, but it can be resolved by magnetic models if one imposes an “equipartition condition” on the photospheric field of each star. In this paper, we examine an independent sample of seven Taurus PMS stars reported by Rizzuto et al. Our approach to modeling magneto-convection imposes no condition on the photospheric field strength. We find that nonmagnetic isochrones can successfully fit the stars in the Rizzuto et al. sample with ages 1.6–2.4 Myr, without the need to invoke magnetic effects. An upper limit on the vertical field strength on the surfaces of the Rizzuto stars is found to be ∼300 G for the low-mass secondaries of FF Tau and HP Tau/G2 and ∼100 G for the other, more massive stars. The Taurus SFR is so large (extending over many square degrees in the sky) that magnetic conditions may plausibly differ from star to star.
The Infrared Medium-deep Survey. VIII. Quasar Luminosity Function at z ∼ 5
Authors: Kim Yongjung , Im Myungshin , Jeon Yiseul , Kim Minjin , Pak Soojong , Hyun Minhee , Taak Yoon Chan , Shin Suhyun , Lim Gu , Paek Gregory S. H. , Paek Insu , Jiang Linhua , Choi Changsu , Hong Jueun , Ji Tae-Geun , Jun Hyunsung D. , Karouzos Marios , Kim Dohyeong , Kim Duho , Kim Jae-Woo , Kim Ji Hoon , Lee Hye-In , Lee Seong-Kook , Park Won-Kee , Yoon Yongmin , Byeon Seoyeon , Hwang Sungyong , Kim Joonho , Kim Sophia , Park Woojin
Published: November 2020

Faint z ∼ 5 quasars with M
1450 ∼ −23 mag are known to be potentially important contributors to the ultraviolet ionizing background in the postreionization era. However, their number density has not been well determined, making it difficult to assess their role in the early ionization of the intergalactic medium (IGM). In this work, we present the updated results of our z ∼ 5 quasar survey using the Infrared Medium-deep Survey (IMS), a near-infrared imaging survey covering an area of 85 deg2. From our spectroscopic observations with the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph on the Gemini-South 8 m telescope, we discovered eight new quasars at z ∼ 5 with  −26.1 ≤ M
1450 ≤ −23.3. Combining our IMS faint quasars (M
1450 > −27 mag) with the brighter Sloan Digital Sky Survey quasars (M
1450 < −27 mag), we derive the z ∼ 5 quasar luminosity function (QLF) without any fixed parameters down to the magnitude limit of M
1450 = −23 mag. We find that the faint-end slope of the QLF is very flat (

), with a characteristic luminosity of

mag. The number density of z ∼ 5 quasars from the QLF gives an ionizing emissivity at 912 Å of ϵ
912 = (3.7–7.1) × 1023 erg s−1 Hz−1 Mpc−3 and an ionizing photon density of

Mpc−3 s−1. These results imply that quasars are responsible for only 10%–20% (up to 50% even in the extreme case) of the photons required to completely ionize the IGM at z ∼ 5, disfavoring the idea that quasars alone could have ionized the IGM at z ∼ 5.
Significant Suppression of Star Formation in Radio-quiet AGN Host Galaxies with Kiloparsec-scale Radio Structures
Authors: Smith Krista Lynne , Koss Michael , Mushotzky Richard , Wong O. Ivy , Shimizu T. Taro , Ricci Claudio , Ricci Federica
Published: November 2020

We conducted 22 GHz 1″ Jansky Very Large Array imaging of 100 radio-quiet X-ray-selected active galactic nuclei (AGN) from the Swift–Burst Array Telescope (Swift–BAT) survey. We find AGN-driven kiloparsec-scale radio structures inconsistent with pure star formation in 11 AGN. The host galaxies of these AGN lie significantly below the star-forming main sequence, indicating suppressed star formation. While these radio structures tend to be physically small compared to the host galaxy, the global star formation rate of the host is affected. We evaluate the energetics of the radio structures interpreted first as immature radio jets, and then as consequences of an AGN-driven radiative outflow, and compare them to two criteria for successful feedback: the ability to remove the CO-derived molecular gas mass from the galaxy gravitational potential and the kinetic energy transfer to molecular clouds leading to v
cloud > σ
*. In most cases, the jet interpretation is insufficient to provide the energy necessary to cause the star formation suppression. Conversely, the wind interpretation provides ample energy in all but one case. We conclude that it is more likely that the observed suppression of star formation in the global host galaxy is due to interstellar medium interactions of a radiative outflow, rather than a small-scale radio jet.
Energy Conversion between Ions and Electrons through Ion Cyclotron Waves and Embedded Ion-scale Rotational Discontinuity in Collisionless Space Plasmas
Authors: Luo Qiaowen , He Jiansen , Cui Jun , Zhu Xingyu , Duan Die , Verscharen Daniel
Published: November 2020

Wave–particle interaction is a fundamental process in collisionless plasma, which results in the redistribution of energy between plasma waves and particle species. The analysis of high-resolution Magnetospheric Multiscale plasma and magnetic field data directly reveals the energy exchange between electromagnetic energy, particle bulk kinetic energy, and thermal kinetic energy in magnetosheath turbulence. This work focuses on the energy transfer associated with ion cyclotron waves (ICWs) and embedded rotational discontinuity (RD). We find that (1) the particle kinetic energy of ions is converted into electromagnetic energy; (2) the electrons are gaining energy from electromagnetic fields, having significant electron heating in the parallel direction around the RD; (3) the ICWs and RD connect and redistribute energy between ions and electrons in the postshock downstream sheath region; and (4) the interactions between pressure tensor and strain tensor redistribute the ion and electron bulk and thermal kinetic energies, but less significantly than direct field–particle interaction by one order of magnitude in the ICW turbulence with weak compressibility, in the sense that

,

.
The taxonomy of the model filamentous fungus Podospora anserina
Authors: Ament-Velásquez S. Lorena , Johannesson Hanna , Giraud Tatiana , Debuchy Robert , Saupe Sven J. , Debets Alfons J. M. , Bastiaans Eric , Malagnac Fabienne , Grognet Pierre , Peraza-Reyes Leonardo , Gladieux Pierre , Kruys Åsa , Silar Philippe , Huhndorf Sabine M. , Miller Andrew N. , Vogan Aaron A.
Published: November 2020

The filamentous fungusPodospora anserinahas been used as a model organism for more than 100 years and has proved to be an invaluable resource in numerous areas of research. Throughout this period,P. anserinahas been embroiled in a number of taxonomic controversies regarding the proper name under which it should be called. The most recent taxonomic treatment proposed to change the name of this important species toTriangularia anserina. The results of past name changes of this species indicate that the broader research community is unlikely to accept this change, which will lead to nomenclatural instability and confusion in literature. Here, we review the phylogeny of the species closely related toP. anserinaand provide evidence that currently available marker information is insufficient to resolve the relationships amongst many of the lineages. We argue that it is not only premature to propose a new name forP. anserinabased on current data, but also that every effort should be made to retainP. anserinaas the current name to ensure stability and to minimise confusion in scientific literature. Therefore, we synonymiseTriangulariawithPodosporaand suggest that either the type species ofPodosporabe moved toP. anserinafromP. fimisedaor that all species within the Podosporaceae be placed in the genusPodospora.
Resin bees of genus Megachile, subgenera Callomegachile and Carinula (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) from Thailand with description of a new species
Authors: Chatthanabun Nontawat , Ascher John S. , Pinkaew Nantasak , Thanoosing Chawatat , Traiyasut Prapun , Warrit Natapot
Published: November 2020

Resin bees of the genus Megachile subgenus Callomegachile sensu lato (Hymenoptera; Megachilidae) from Thailand are reviewed. The 14 species treated include those described or revised in the subgenus Alocanthedon, a junior synonym ofCallomegachile(three species), and inCarinula(one species). One new species is described,Megachile chiangmaiensisChatthanabun and Warrit,sp. nov.The replacement nameMegachile parornataChatthanabun, Warrit and Ascher,nom. nov., is proposed forM. gigasWu (not Schrottky), which is recorded for the first time outside China. For each species, maps and full label data for the examined material documenting occurrences in Thailand are provided. In addition, global ranges, floral associations, and other life history data are summarized and a key to the Thai species is provided for females.
Impact of liver cirrhosis on the clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19: a nationwide cohort study of Korea
Authors: Jeon Dongsub , Son Minkook , Choi Jonggi
Published: November 2020

Background/Aims: The impact of liver cirrhosis (LC) on the clinical outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains elusive. This study evaluated the association between LC and the development of severe complications from COVID-19.Methods: We used the National Health Insurance claims data of Korea. We included 234,427 patients older than 19 years who tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Patients with LC who were infected with COVID-19 (n = 67, LC+ COVID+) were matched with those with cirrhosis only (n = 332, LC+ COVID–) and those with COVID-19 only (n = 333, LC– COVID+) using a propensity score in a 1:5 ratio. The primary outcome was the development of severe complications.Results: Of the matched patients, the mean age was 60 years and 59.7% were male. Severe complications occurred in 18, 54, and 60 patients in the LC+ COVID+, LC+ COVID–, and LC– COVID+ groups, respectively. After adjusting for comorbidities, there was no significant difference in the risk of developing severe complications from COVID-19 between the LC+ COVID+ and LC– COVID+ groups but significant difference exists between the LC+ COVID+ and LC+ COVID–. Older age, hypertension, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and a higher Charlson comorbidity index were associated with a higher risk of severe complications in patients with cirrhosis and COVID-19.Conclusions: Our study suggests that LC was not independently associated with the development of severe complications, including mortality, in patients with COVID-19. Our results need to be evaluated through a large, prospective study.
Comment les plateformes numériques accroissent la dépendance dans les relations de sous-traitance : le cas de la livraison à vélo
Authors: Rème-Harnay Pétronille
Published: November 2020

Depuis 2014, les plateformes numériques comme Deliveroo ou Ubereats proposent de révolutionner la livraison de repas et plus précisément la façon dont celle-ci est réalisée par les coursiers. En effet, en lieu et place des salariés, ces plateformes recrutent plusieurs milliers de micro-entrepreneurs en sous-traitance. Elles leur promettent liberté et flexibilité. Nous interrogeons ces promesses en comparant cette forme de sous-traitance à la sous-traitance traditionnelle du secteur dédié à la livraison de petits envois dans le transport, la messagerie.
La sécurité juridique – Le point de vue de l’avocat
Authors: Valdelièvre Guillaume
Published: November 2020

Réfléchir à l’intérêt que présente la notion de sécurité juridique pour un avocat, c’est constater que cette notion est un objectif qui ne peut jamais être véritablement atteint et qui ne doit finalement pas l’être, au risque de figer l’état du droit. Plus qu’un idéal, la sécurité juridique apparaît comme la manifestation d’intérêts aussi antagonistes qu’également légitimes : la préservation des situations de droit acquises, la nécessaire évolution de situations de droit insatisfaisantes. Selon la cause qu’il aura à défendre, l’avocat insistera sur l’un ou l’autre de ces intérêts. Il aura pour cela recours aux différentes notions qui composent la sécurité juridique ou à celles qui justifient qu’il y soit dérogé.