bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The other 180°: Filling in the other half of the 360° customer view
Authors: Angel Gary
Published: July 2024

Compared with the digital experience, the shopper in-store journey has traditionally been under-measured. Stores know how many shoppers they get (door-counting) and what they have sold (point-of-sale). What happens in between, however, has long been a mystery. Thanks to new technologies such as camera-tracking, Wi-Fi geolocation and mobile app location, however, the in-store shopper journey is becoming increasingly trackable. This paper looks at the basics of shopper measurement: what gets tracked and what the data look like. It then reviews the core collection technologies with attention to their strengths and weaknesses, relative to specific business use cases. This is followed by an overview of the various metrics that can be inferred from the data: everything from draws to lingers to exits. Metrics provide a language for describing the data in intelligible terms, and the in-store journey requires a new language — although it is one that has been heavily adapted from digital analytics. Finally, some key use cases for such data are considered, allowing the analyst to go from the basics of collection to data aggregation and translation, and finally to real analysis.
A lean approach to image-based user interviews: Discover deep emotional drivers for a targeted digital strategy
Authors: Weise Sarah
Published: July 2024

Where there is extreme emotion, there is extreme opportunity. Image-based projective interviews offer a visual way for user researchers to measure the deep emotional drivers that lead to customer conversions. This paper details a novel step-by-step lean technique to conduct image-based projective interviews that any user experience professional or digital marketer can readily implement. The paper also discusses how qualitative data gleaned from these interviews on emotional decision-making drivers can serve as the centrepiece of a digital strategy, with implications far beyond websites.
Using crisis and emergency risk communication theory to inform online communication during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Whitlock Cathy , Hicken Amanda
Published: July 2024

This paper serves as a case study showcasing how two health-focused non-profit organisations, the Parkinson’s Foundation (PF) and the Pediatric Brain Tumor Foundation (PBTF), applied the principles from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC’s) Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication (CERC) theory across online channels during the COVID-19 pandemic. Each organisation leveraged online communication strategies to help its vulnerable patient population navigate the COVID-19 pandemic while simultaneously working to ensure its organisation’s survival.
Reimagining research promotion: How to maintain visibility and momentum through an integrated approach
Authors: Gluck Molly
Published: July 2024

This case study provides an overview of how to effectively leverage social media, content platforms, media relations and creative visual assets to educate the public and key influencers about faculty expertise and cutting-edge research. This paper will outline how higher education institutions can utilise multimedia across multiple channels, owned and earned content, audience segmentation, strategic cadence and evergreen assets to shape, spread and sustain messaging for an overarching topic. The case study will detail fundamentals for successful implementation of each component in the comprehensive campaign. Each specific strategy outlined in this case study has been successfully applied to a wide portfolio of thought leadership and research promotion initiatives for different subject matter areas and faculty members across a major private research university. The reader will be equipped with tools and tactics for developing a dynamic, integrated amplification approach that achieves immediate results and long-term success.
Managing stress in a crisis
Authors: Wright-Reid Alison
Published: July 2024

Crisis situations are inherently uncertain and threatening. Although the primal stress reactions they provoke deliver some advantages, they so severely restrict intellect and behaviour that consultants observe crisis teams making the same mistakes over and again. Stress risks can be managed before, during and after a crisis. Crisis planning can select the right people, control the crisis team environment, and mitigate fatigue risks and memory demands. Because stress reactions are primitive, stress can be manipulated at a remarkably primitive level and teams can increase their resilience through such basics as sleep and breathing skills. Teams can learn to manipulate perceptions of danger, to tolerate uncertainty and to become comfortable making decisions which were reasonable at the time. Crisis leaders can frame the crisis as a challenge and options as gains, and can ensure the team avoids groupthink and challenges the paradigm. Where individuals are trained to apply critical thinking processes, intuitive decision-making is not only fast, but also accurate, and helps to challenge assumptions, predictions and groupthink. Crises are more easily recognised and managed where training has covered critical decision methods.
Did the Target data breach change consumer assessments of payment card security?
Authors: Greene Claire , Stavins Joanna
Published: July 2024

Previous research has found that perceptions of payment security affect consumers’ use of payment instruments. This study tests whether the Target data breach of 2013 had any impact on consumer perceptions of the security of credit and debit cards and/or any impact on consumers’ use of payment cards. Using data from the Survey of Consumer Payment Choice, the study finds that, controlling for possible confounding effects of demographic differences between the two groups, ratings by consumers who assessed the personal information security of debit cards shortly after the breach were lower than ratings by consumers who responded before the breach was reported. For credit cards, there was no difference in the ratings given by consumers who responded to the survey before the breach was reported and the ratings of those who responded after the breach was reported. Based on prior research on the impact of security assessments on payment instrument use, one would expect a small (economically insignificant) decline in debit card use from this lower rating. However, the study finds no statistically or economically significant change in debit card use from 2013 to 2014.
Compliance as a service: Utilising the power of the cloud
Authors: Schindler Karl , White Andrew Patrick
Published: July 2024

The importance and changing nature of financial regulation requires special attention to a variety of domains: law, financial instruments and technology. Historically, technological innovation in the financial sector has developed asymmetrically by favouring outperformance and revenue generation to the detriment of ensuring regulatory obligations were complied with in a robust, demonstrable yet cost-effective way. This paper explores advancements in compliance-related technology brought on by the increased use of cloud software, data standardisation and a new application of the software as a service (SaaS) model: compliance as a service (CaaS). It includes an analysis of how utilising the network effects provided by cloud technology improves compliance outcomes. This new model of regulatory compliance lowers the risk of errors in legal interpretation, facilitates industrywide collaboration among a community of compliance professionals and brings important insights from practice to bear on often abstract legal reasoning. The unique combination of high-touch service by compliance experts and an ability to both discuss and learn from peers avoids the pitfalls of the traditional outsourcing model and naturally creates an industry standard. In this model, participants gain knowledge while reducing costs through a high level of automation and with assurance that regulatory change is integrated at speed.
Operational risk: The direct measurement of exposure and risk in bank operations
Authors: Hughes Peter
Published: July 2024

If risks and exposures are to be managed effectively, all affected parties must accept that the method of risk measurement produces a meaningful, relevant, consistent and comparable result. To date, banks have been unable to resolve this issue relative to operational risk, that is, the creation of a measurement tool or method that can be replicated across their businesses, and ultimately across the industry, to produce consistent and comparable measurements of operational risks and exposures. This paper discusses the implications of the current lack of a practical operational risk and exposure measurement framework and outlines one such framework. In the proposed framework, the notion of ‘risk units’ is presented, subjective judgments of risk are mapped to value-bearing and transaction-related ‘value bands’, operational processes are expanded to drill down to data and application-related risk exposures, and a methodology for calculating risk and exposure is put forth. Finally, the correlation of exposure to risk and actual operational losses are postulated with progressive and interactive modelling assumed over time to bring precision to the predictive capability of the method suggested in this paper.
Dilemmas in energy renewal: A Danish perspective
Authors: Dela Stang Birgitte
Published: July 2024

Households in Europe are considered to have the largest cost-effective energy-saving potential. This large potential, however, is in the existing residential buildings, and most of these were built before 1950. If serious energy savings are to be met in the near future, it is necessary to carry out intensive renewal of these old buildings. Large investment, however, should include progressive solutions regarding usability and comfort. Also, changes to the buildings should be carried out using sound solutions without the risk of disturbing the moisture balance resulting in mould growth or deterioration. Large-scale renewal for energy saving could be carried out using the technology of custom-made prefabrication already known today. One of the key issues in future energy-saving renewal is accepting changes to the exterior fa‡ade of old buildings.
Determinants of financial health of US general aviation airports
Authors: Guzhva Vitaly S. , Bazargan Massoud , Byers David A.
Published: July 2024

This survey-based study investigates the current financial environment of US general aviation airports. Due to a dearth of data and research on the financial performance of general aviation airports, the paper provides vital information regarding the critical needs and major revenue sources of such airports. The findings suggest that general aviation airports can be self-sustaining regardless of their location, runway length and other airport-specific characteristics. The attitudes of the airport manager towards the importance of financial self-sustainability, positive relationships with local communities, and utilisation of non-traditional and non-aviation revenue sources are found to be critical for the financial health of general aviation airports. In addition, the research provides estimates of the funding needs of US general aviation airports and evidence of the cumulative demand for T-hangars on a national basis.
Challenges in implementing a robust rates transfer pricing framework
Authors: Ramirez Juan
Published: July 2024

This paper describes the rates transfer pricing (RTP) process, its link with the liquidity transfer pricing process, and identifies the main challenges that banks face when implementing a robust RTP framework. The paper also briefly covers the RTP governance structure.
AML/CFT and new technologies: Challenges in Japan
Authors: Ozaki Hiroshi
Published: July 2024

In the first half of this paper, as a background, the current status and challenges that Japan and Japanese financial institutions are facing to enhance the AML/CFT regime and prepare for the FATF fourth Mutual Evaluation on Japan to be held in 2019, are described. A summary of the latest status report by Japanese Financial Services Agency (JFSA), ‘Current Status of AML/CFT as of August 2018’ is given. The report consists of mainly two parts; the recent measures taken by JFSA and the high level observations of the financial sector in Japan. In the latter half of the paper, a brief explanation is given of how the JFSA and some financial institutions in Japan are considering new technology tools to solve challenges such as the complexity of financial crime compliance, heightened regulatory scrutiny and the increasing costs, including investment costs, for systems and databases that affect the process of following a risk-based approach for anti-money laundering (AML)/countering the financing of terrorism (CFT) in Japan. As an example, efforts and trials by a Japanese bank in using new technology as a solution in action, such as robotic process automation (RPA) and machine learning to make the process of AML/CFT regime more effective and efficient are shown.
The information economy is dead: What CMOs should do now
Authors: Raj Zain
Published: July 2024

We are entering the third wave of marketing. The Attention Economy gave us the rise of brands and mass advertising. The Information Economy provided technology and big data. Marketers who want to be successful in the Insight Economy™ cannot rely on the strategies and tactics that were effective in those times. They must focus on six areas. One, continue to put customers first by understanding what they really want — not just what they say — so they will take action. Two, build trust, respect and loyalty on both sides. Three, create innovations that disrupt customer expectations and the market. Four, develop hyper evolutions of products and services, not just incremental improvements. Five, share authentic values with customers. Six, combine business and brand — truly bonding with customers. TXU Energy offers a unique example of how this model works, while Weight Watchers presents a cautionary tale. Marketers are in a unique position to lead this process, reaping rewards for their organisations and themselves.
Getting connected: Providing IT services to the German healthcare sector subject to ecclesiastical data protection law
Authors: Bukatz Tamara
Published: July 2024

Due to the pandemic, digitisation is advancing at a quicker pace in Germany, especially in the healthcare sector. Many institutions in the German healthcare sector are owned by religious associations or church bodies. Software providers that consider entering into a contractual relationship, in particular with hospitals, may find themselves faced with ecclesiastical data protection laws of the different churches in Germany as well as the corresponding system of ecclesiastical courts and supervisory authorities. European countries generally have one supervisory authority for data protection. Germany, however, has not one but a myriad of supervisory authorities on both, a secular and ecclesiastical level, which are explored in this paper. This paper aims to give businesses interested in the opportunities arising from the digitisation development an overview of what it entails to conclude a contract for processing personal data of German entities in the healthcare and related sectors and points out the differences between the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the Catholic as well as Evangelical data protection law.
What digital banks can learn from decentralised finance
Authors: Yavin On , Reardon Aj
Published: July 2024

Although digital banking has improved upon the traditional banking model, it could do more to revolutionise modern finance. Decentralised finance (DeFi) looks to make banking more accessible and more flexible for today’s global population. Banks should look to DeFi to discover ways to improve their own offerings. In this paper we outline the elements of DeFi we feel would be most beneficial if they were incorporated into digital bank offerings and what the potential benefits could be.
Key milestones for participants in the T2-T2S consolidation project: A template for banks that are onboarding to any financial market infrastructure
Authors: Bashford Robert , Ciraso Chiara
Published: July 2024

The various systems that provide services to the financial industry for trading, clearing and settlement, matching of financial transactions and depository functions are known as financial market infrastructures (FMIs). Within Europe, such FMIs include the Eurosystem’s TIPS, TARGET2 and T2S. TARGET2 will be superseded in March 2023 by a new real-time gross settlement system called T2, with a view to optimising liquidity management across all TARGET services. For a largescale implementation such as this it is important to provide an onboarding plan for customers. To this end, a set of milestones to guide system participants towards the intended go-live of November 2021 (now postponed to March 2023) has been published. This paper examines the milestones document through the lens of project management theory and recommends the use of said document, and the milestones within, as a template for participants onboarding to any FMI. FMI operators will also find the document useful when preparing to onboard their own customers.
Application of 3D laser scanning in building surveys
Authors: Bentz Steve , Guerrero Sara
Published: July 2024

Laser scanning of a building facade can generate a highly detailed, three-dimensional model of a facility. Multiple collections of data, or multiple scans over a number of years using a point cloud to model points on the structure and map deviation of those points from a selected baseline, can illustrate specific locations for focus of repairs due to movement occurring or types of exhibited displacement. Where human error can result in deviations, ‘intelligent’ scanners obtain millions of precise data points with fractional errors, which can then be interpreted to determine existing conditions and problems. Added cost for laser scanning and other instrumentation devices can typically be offset by significantly lower cost in professional field time. Costs for scanning can be limited by decreasing the density of the scan in typical areas. Facility managers should still look to engineering professionals as a knowledgeable source to interpret data made available by laser scanning technology and to generate a comprehensive, analytical approach for repairs on the building. Over time, engineers can systematically analyse cracks and deterioration, in scanned areas, without extensive site visits. Exchanging error for certainty through the use of laser scanning technology and engineering analysis can help maintain structural integrity of ageing structures.
The continuing evolution of energy efficiency requirements for buildings and their legal implementation impacting upon asset valuation
Authors: Jamison Olivia
Published: July 2024

Directive 2012/27/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on energy efficiency, the Energy Efficiency Directive (EED) sets out measures aimed at reducing energy usage from production through to final consumption. Together with the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive1 (EPBD) they drive energy efficiency and building performance improvements and have potentially significant implications for the survey and valuation assessment of buildings. This paper reviews the Article 8 EED requirements on energy audits, the UK approach to such audits, European proposals for revisions to the EED and the EPBD alongside other changes in the law in the UK and the implications for the survey and valuation of buildings in the future given Brexit or otherwise. There are a range of measures now in place, similarly proposed to increase the awareness of energy emissions associated with buildings and encourage reduction of emissions which may increasingly impact on asset attractiveness and valuation.
Accelerating cross-functional alignment: A new workplace strategy at Toyota
Authors: Chung Myra , Verabian Stephanie , Kamouri Anita
Published: July 2024

True innovation in workplace strategy requires alignment among the key supporting areas of corporate real estate (CRE), information technology (IT) and human resources (HR) in developing solutions that support key business goals and strategies. Although cross-functional alignment has been advocated by the industry for many years, not much has been discussed about the role of alignment in workplace innovation, or how to align for innovation. This paper presents a case study of how Toyota's CRE function led a shift in functional alignment by embracing a fully collaborative and integrated approach to workplace strategy development. Following a process consistent with the ‘Toyota Way’, the team employed a data-based approach to create a common focus across functions, a deep understanding of key interdependencies, a rationale for integration and opportunities for workplace innovation. This case study describes how Toyota aligned to develop and pilot a new, fully-integrated workplace strategy. Aside from the success of the pilot, one of the key benefits of the cross-functional alignment was that it prepared each function to lead change and respond to business events that were unanticipated, including a culture change initiative and the relocation of the company headquarters to Plano, TX. While the early alignment efforts created a solid foundation for sustainable change, the nature of the alignment continues to evolve as the organisation tackles its current challenge of integrating new cultural priorities into all aspects of the workplace strategy. Based on the Toyota experience, the authors provide some insights into the different types of cross-functional alignment that occur, the different types of workplace innovation that an organisation may desire and how the fit between the two is important in achieving success.
Cost-effective student programmes: Two case studies
Authors: Uran-Linde Kasey , Linde Nicholas
Published: July 2024

Recruiting current students to assist in the engagement and solicitation of alumni is one way colleges and universities can expand their efforts. Two case studies, one of a private liberal arts college and the other a comprehensive regional public university, describe the implementation and outcomes of student programmes directed to increase alumni engagement. These programmes display the versatility and benefits of using students rather than full-time employees to increase the effectiveness of advancement divisions. A step-by-step description of the programmes highlights areas of strength and potential adaptations for future implementation. As institutions face the challenge of engaging and soliciting a greater number of alumni, these case studies provide creative ways to incorporate students into the work of an advancement division.
The impact of celebrity endorsers and influencer marketers on consumer behaviour
Authors: Jain Pranjal , Jain Anju
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the differential impact of influencer marketers and celebrity endorsers on consumer purchase intention. It examines whether the effect of endorsers endorsing products with varying price points exhibits variability or consistency. The study also explores whether the impact of celebrity endorsers and influencer marketers differs depending on endorsement campaign duration and proposes an optimal campaign duration. Employing a mixed-methods approach including a randomised controlled trial, a longitudinal study, and multi-level modelling with regression analysis, the study finds that celebrity endorsements have a stronger impact and that the same endorser can yield varying impacts across products. Further, campaign duration significantly influences effectiveness, with implications for cost-effectiveness. These findings offer practical insights for marketers making decisions on endorsement strategies and campaign duration.
Digitisation and renaissance of the manufacturing industry in major cities : The case of Berlin
Authors: Gornig Martin
Published: July 2024

The rise of digitisation will cause a major upheaval in the manufacturing industries, bringing changes to traditional industrial location patterns as well. In order to understand the direction these structural changes are taking, this paper analyses the start-up activity in the industrial sector. The frontrunners are metropolitan regions and in particular major cities such as Berlin or Munich. Furthermore, detailed analysis of the city of Berlin shows higher and stable concentrations of new industrial companies in inner city locations. This spatial pattern requires the proactive application of legal planning instruments for mixed land use, which contributes to the integration of hybrid spaces and clean and green factories in the inner city.
An investigation of hypothetical variance-covariance matrix stress-testing
Authors: Rayer Quintin
Published: July 2024

Attempting to put meaningful numbers to portfolio risks is challenging. Conventional risk measures are considered often not to fully capture all risks inherent in a portfolio, particularly under difficult market conditions. Under such conditions stress-testing against artificial scenarios may help identify and quantify risks within a portfolio. Stress-tests also help reassure a portfolio or risk manager as to how a portfolio might respond to specific concerns. This paper investigates an example of stress-testing a portfolio of conventional assets against market risks using artificial scenarios based around changes to the portfolio variance-covariance matrix. Hypothetical variance-covariance matrix stress-tests include making changes to correlations between assets to explore impacts on portfolio risks. Portfolio correlations, however, cannot be changed arbitrarily to reflect a risk manager’s concerns without running the risk of implausible stressed returns and variance-covariance matrices that are not positive semi-definite. Different methods have been proposed in the literature to overcome this. This paper applies two such methods to a portfolio of four assets with the aim of illustrating the processes involved as well as drawing out differences in the approaches, enabling a discussion of their strengths and weaknesses.
Analytic models of the receiver operating characteristic curve: Applications to credit rating model validation
Authors: Satchell Steve , Xia Wei
Published: July 2024

In this paper, the authors use the concept of the population receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to build analytic models of ROC curves. Information about the population properties can be used to gain greater accuracy of estimation relative to the non-parametric methods currently in vogue. If used properly, this is particularly helpful in some situations where the number of sick loans is rather small, a situation frequently met in practice and in periods of benign macroeconomic background.
VidAngel: Consumer choice, media law and the future of content flexibility
Authors: Roberts Scott D. , Rains Russell E.
Published: July 2024

VidAngel, a popular video streaming service that allowed consumers to edit out objectionable content, faced a copyright infringement lawsuit filed by several Hollywood film studios. The company was just beginning to gain traction when the studios filed a suit alleging that the VidAngel business model, which required modifications to the original work and subsequently filtered streamed content to viewers, violated US copyright law and the Digital Millennium Copyright Act 1998. The problems of growing the market for its services were sidelined by the serious managerial distractions related to fighting for survival in a David and Goliath-type struggle. The case lays out the basics of relevant copyright laws, details the business and marketing models and describes VidAngel’s efforts to provide a legal and profitable service to a public that demanded it. After an analysis of the legal issues, this paper concludes with some thoughts about reconciling streamed and filtered video content with applicable copyright laws.
Delivering a consistent user experience through our faculty sites: For our audiences and our internal web users
Authors: Visen-Singh Anju
Published: July 2024

This paper provides insights into building a user-first responsive web system that delivers a superior and consistent user experience across all faculty websites1, in collaboration with faculties as well as IT colleagues. Fulfilling this objective can be a nontrivial challenge in higher education institutions where haphazard development of websites creates many ‘monsters’ making it painful, if not impossible, to revamp the family of websites. Here, we share UCalgary’s journey of moving to a collaborative, systembased approach for our faculty websites that enables the uniqueness of each faculty to come through while providing a consistent user experience across all sites. Our ‘system’ includes not just the web platform but a full offering of support, best practices and measurement.
The Alfred Gillett Trust’s Shoe Digitisation Project
Authors: Watson Natalie
Published: July 2024

The Alfred Gillett Trust is a Somerset-based charity that preserves and promotes the heritage collections of C & J Clark Ltd and the Clark family, which established the globally recognised shoe company in 1825. Founded by members of the Clark family, the collection now contains over 100,000 records relating to the shoemaking industry, social history, the Society of Friends and local geology. The collections represent an invaluable resource for Clarks staff for shoe design and marketing inspiration, as well as external researchers and historians. In 2013 the Trust began a £1m collaborative project with Clarks to digitise the extensive heritage collections by photographing or scanning nearly 50,000 items and making them available online. Of the five digitisation projects planned, the footwear collection is the only one which will be digitised on site by the project team, with the other four collections being handled by external specialists. The Trust is using digital photography to visually document around 25,000 shoes, representing over 500 years of footwear development. This paper aims to give an overview of the decision-making process and standards implemented during the development of the digitisation project. It will explore the digitisation process step by step, from the first selection of a shoe, through documentation, photography, processing, file storage and facilitating access.
A peek behind the curtain: How the Chicago Bears engage their social media followers
Authors: Koch Matt
Published: July 2024

Every decision for the Chicago Bears’ brand presence in social media — what, where, when, why and how — revolves around delivering compelling content that followers will want to engage with. The club focuses on reaching many fans from casual observers to hardcore American football enthusiasts. Its presence is all about the content, followed closely by genuine interaction. The focus is on quality not quantity. From the birth of each of its social media accounts, the Chicago Bears have maintained a simple philosophy of providing value rather than promoting initiatives. The most important thing for a brand is to be a good member of its social community. Long-term engagement is of greater value than short-term promotion, and respect lasts longer than attention.
Building an effective business continuity framework: Case study of a critical national infrastructure organisation’s approach
Authors: Gracey Aaron , Yearwood Konrad
Published: July 2024

Organisations are regularly exposed to risk factors and issues that may be triggered by disruptive events that can impact on the organisation’s performance and reputation. These disruptions can range from human error through to large-scale natural disasters and long-term global events that can reshape the complex landscape within which these organisations operate. Large-scale business actions, such as decentralisation, mergers and acquisitions, can also introduce major disruption to daily operations. The presence of an embedded, effectively communicated business continuity framework that is rigorously reviewed and tested with appropriate regularity provides an enhanced level of protection and flexibility when faced with such issues. This case study analyses the development of a business continuity framework in a large business unit that operates as part of a UK critical national infrastructure provider with an international influence. The study proposes a business continuity capability framework and examines the approach taken to embed such a framework into the aforementioned business unit.
Class action and data privacy in the USA and Europe: Effective deterrent or ill-founded approach to compliance?
Authors: Srouji Joseph , Dolhem Margaux
Published: July 2024

The class action lawsuit: a term that strikes fear into boardrooms and among executive circles in the USA, and one that provokes strong reaction in Europe, mostly as a metaphor for a litigation culture run awry. Despite the bad press, however, the class action has its backers and European policy makers have increasingly come to accept its merits, notably its potential as a way to extend the arm of government-sanctioned authority and more generally to edge companies towards compliance. This paper focuses on class actions generally and specifically on data privacy class actions, which are but one litigation channel for a plaintiff to pursue when it comes to privacy violations (notwithstanding current trends for cyber security-related shareholder derivative suits). It begins by recapping the fundamentals of class actions in the USA, the historical roots, procedural aspects and current trends; it then turns to Europe, in particular to France. France offers a unique glimpse into how Europe, more generally, is attempting to leverage the benefits of class actions while avoiding the perceived negatives, most importantly by keeping lawyers at distance when it comes to initiating class actions. The paper will then cover a few other EU jurisdictions for comparison purposes and provide an overview of the most well-known privacy class action to-date — that introduced by Max Schrems.
Tipping the scales for insider-trading liability: The consequences of Martoma
Authors: Lipman Alex , Gonzalez Olivia
Published: July 2024

The US government has historically pushed the outer limits of insider-trading liability to cover any use of insider information, regardless of the manner by which it was communicated to the trader in downstream tippee cases. In 2014, in its Newman insider-trading opinion, the US Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit tempered the government’s zeal for expanding the coverage of insider-trading liability by holding that only a tip exchanged for something of tangible value may serve as a predicate for tipper/tippee liability. However, following the US Supreme Court’s review of insider-trading liability in Salman, a divided panel of the Second Circuit reversed Newman in its Martoma decision and greatly expanded the scope of what constitutes insider-trading. In effect, under Martoma, any tip under circumstances in which the tipper could anticipate trading by the tippee can be a predicate for liability, regardless of whether the tipper received anything in exchange for the tip. The authors argue that Martoma gives the government too much unfettered power to decide whether insider-trading occurred in each individual case, is inconsistent with Salman and other Supreme Court precedent, and should be reversed. Until then, however, those who make their living by trading are in greater jeopardy of being pulled into an insidertrading investigation or prosecution. More than ever, investment and compliance professionals must rely on the strictest compliance measures to avoid any trading that could be viewed as sharing of insider information with someone who may act on it.
How Coca-Cola Journey transformed corporate communications
Authors: Busk Doug
Published: July 2024

In 2012, The Coca-Cola Company revolutionised the concept of the traditional corporate website with the creation of Coca-Cola Journey — a carefully curated mix of branded and non-branded articles, rich with multimedia content, designed to connect not just Coca-Cola’s consumers and investors but also journalists and even critics. Journey has since evolved into a global digital destination for readers seeking to learn more about the company, its culture, mission, products and people. Journey’s formula draws on the three ‘Cs’ — content, coordinated, current — to drive its editorial vision, resulting in engaging content that expands upon, but goes much further than, the company’s key messaging and product marketing goals. Run as a daily digital news magazine, Journey delivers dozens of stories related to various interest categories across 23 countries and in 12 languages. The platform draws heavily on video, audio and images as well as long form, and actively solicits and highlights user-generated content from consumers and company associates alike. To help other organisations who may wish to develop a robust integrated digital platform dedicated to delivering an authentic, engagement-centric online experience, this paper describes the lessons that Journey’s editorial team have learned.
Mass personalisation: A strategy for building brand equity in the healthcare sector
Authors: Parrish Franklin , Nevins Sharon
Published: July 2024

Marketing and content personalisation is a popular concept in the marketing field. With media consumption becoming more and more fractured, brands are attempting to drive growth by reaching niche audiences. Achieving individualised personalisation requires enormous effort to create truly differentiated messages and user journeys. Kaiser Permanente’s Mid-Atlantic region (KPMAS), in partnership with the Baltimore Sun Media Group (BSMG), developed a personalisation regime by leveraging psychographic segments based on Jungian archetypes to deliver personalisation at scale. This framework informed the messaging strategies, user journeys and media posture for a campaign to build positive brand equity in the Washington, DC, and Baltimore, Maryland Department of Medical Assistance Services (DMAS). This paper details the strategies, tactics and results of a six-month campaign conducted in Q2/Q3 of 2022. Readers can learn the techniques used to drive this successful effort — and the importance of marrying messaging and media to drive campaign performance.
Accelerating public sector land disposal
Authors: Mclaughlin Deborah
Published: July 2024

The aim of the paper is to demonstrate how the Homes and Communities Agency (HCA) brings land back to market in the best possible way. This involves working closely with delivery partners and public and private sector bodies to speed up sales, access development finance and have a better understanding of the property market. This work will increase the supply of land, help stimulate economic growth and benefit local communities.
Looking at Europe from the USA: Current perspectives on data protection
Authors: Webber Mark , Car Trinity
Published: July 2024

US and EU privacy laws are very different. The USA recognises that a failure to respect privacy can cause consumer harm while noting that commercial interests also carry weight. Historical and cultural influences focus Europe’s privacy rules on citizens’ rights. While European privacy laws are not new, there are frequently some misconceptions in the USA about the EU’s approach to privacy. In addition, it is only relatively recently that EU data protection rules have started to have a noticeable impact on US commerce. Interestingly, this impact is felt more as a result of commercial contract friction than from the bite of the regulator. US businesses nowadays must pay increased attention to compliance with EU data protection regulations. This paper focuses on the differences between the EU and US privacy landscapes and explores the EU concept of ‘data protection’ and the risk and compliance hurdles it presents. How is EU data protection law viewed from the USA and how can in-house counsel evaluate and adapt to its impact?
Using data to create excellence in online student support
Authors: Bouchey Bettyjo , Graham Michael , Wilson Veronica
Published: July 2024

In 2017 National Louis University (NLU) set out to grow its online programming through the use of an online programme manager (OPM) — a third-party, for-profit entity focused on expanding an institution’s online programme capacity and academic support activities. So began a journey of learning, specifically in the area of online student support to improve student retention through the use of data generated by the learning management system and other data systems at NLU, as well as a series of actionable protocols carried about by faculty and staff meant to improve student outcomes. This paper analyses what resulted from this: an appreciable improvement in online student retention and a culture of data-informed action and student-focus that serves the institution to this day.
Adjusting loss forecasts for the impacts of government assistance and loan forbearance during the COVID-19 recession
Authors: Breeden Joseph L.
Published: July 2024

Since the onset of the COVID-19 recession, loss forecasting and stress testing models have dramatically overpredicted losses. As all models are pattern recognisers trained on past events, such an unprecedented event inevitably leads to model errors. Rather than, however, view the models as broken, they are useful in providing an upper bound of what could have happened if government assistance and loan forbearance had not been provided. The present work develops an approach for quantifying the short- and long-term impacts of these government and lender policies in order to create quantitative model overlays. These overlays express the problem via a set of key parameters that can be set via management judgment or simulation studies. Examples of this approach and parameter sensitivity analysis are provided using time series models of National Credit Union Administration and Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation call report data. This paper provides a framework for incorporating simulations, simple to complex, into an existing stress testing framework to better project future losses.
Changing the image of cities through the eyes of its users : A comparison of two neighbourhoods in close proximity in Istanbul
Authors: Yücesoy Irem Tekin , Topçu Emine Ümran
Published: July 2024

Increasing concern for the future of cities and for the well-being of their citizens has led in recent years to a greater emphasis on the study of cities from different perspectives. Central to this development has been the growth of research into the relationship between people and their everyday urban environments. Understanding the nature of person–environment relationship is a core part of planning activities. The social, political and economic changes taking place in cities reflect the image of cities. The changes affect the urban environment and have the capacity to transform social and cultural environments. This study aims to investigate how the users of urban environments evaluate changes in two different areas in Istanbul, namely Kozyatağı and Ataşehir, which both have different patterns of development. Although they have common characteristics, Ataşehir has been experiencing a process of planned change and Kozyatağı has been going through a less planned but parcel-based urban transformation process. As for the methodology of this research, quantitative data was collected to reach individuals’ subjective evaluations of their environment, by using face-to-face and Internet questionnaires utilising Likert-type questions. The survey questionnaire was administered to 387 individuals, after a pilot study was conducted in the research area to check the appropriateness of the research methods and questions. The collected data related to the demographic profile of the respondents and their preferences was analysed with SPSS software through descriptive and chi-square analysis. According to the findings of the study, respondents from the planned area Ataşehir care more about their existing environment. Any attempt towards amending the existing plan, in particular new building constructions and new policies, were found to be not welcome, whereas respondents from the organically developed area Kozyatağı seemed to care less about the ongoing changes. Moreover, demographic indicators such as education level, income level and length of stay were found to have an impact on their responses. The results of this study indicated that besides the demographic indicators, satisfaction or dissatisfaction with ongoing changes in the immediate environment depended on the users’ reasons and preference for choosing these areas in which to live or work.
Brand purpose, authenticity and impact measurement
Authors: Caven Jenny
Published: July 2024

COVID-19 has changed the world. The post-pandemic world will not be the same as it was before March 2020. In a world where many marketing and business elements were already experiencing a technological revolution and having to adapt practices, COVID-19 accelerated change, eliciting a rapid move to a virtual world. Alongside new digital behaviours there are greater demands on organisations from stakeholders to demonstrate behaviours and actions that engender trust. Customers want reassurance that personal data and privacy will be protected by organisations with good governance in place. Stakeholders also have growing awareness of environmental issues and their power of influence on organisational behaviour and sustainability. Organisations face increased pressure too to behave ethically on social issues around diversity, equality and inclusion. All of these factors place greater demands on organisations to demonstrate clear brand purpose that inspires trust. And actions must match words. Stakeholders and customers will not accept empty promises or deceptive practices. The COVID-19 pandemic has also wrought political and economic disruption, and stakeholders — customers, employees and shareholders — have increasingly sought refuge in brands as trust in government, state institutions and media has fallen. This disruption has also seen social media overtaking traditional media as a source of news and information. This rapid change has created both opportunity and challenge for communicators and marketers. This paper suggests that, to thrive in the post-pandemic environment, organisations that seek to reassert their purpose and values and demonstrate authentic behaviour in delivering on their promises are likely to establish deeper trust and a strong reputation. To measure the impact of purpose, authenticity and trust, it is necessary to develop a framework that evaluates and takes into account exposure, comment, enablement and interaction; considers multiple stakeholder and audience groups; and aligns communications goals with organisational objectives.
Rolled lead sheet: The devil is in the detailing
Authors: Johnston Nigel
Published: July 2024

The Lead Sheet Association is a trade association that represents manufacturers of rolled lead sheet to BS EN 12588 and provides the construction industry with an independent technical advisory service. Rolled lead sheet is indisputably one of the great building materials and for centuries has been used to cover roofs of cathedrals, churches and public buildings; there are countless other applications of lead sheet seen on houses and offices around the world. This paper will provide you with an overview of best practice in using rolled lead sheet in construction, complying to the British Standards, with details, drawings and tables reproduced from the LSA's latest edition of Rolled Lead Sheet — The Complete Manual.1 In particular it draws attention to some of the key areas that should be looked for in building surveying, highlighting the fact it is getting the small details correct that means that those using the material will get the best out of it.