bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Update on Carbon Footprint of Bridges
Authors: Collings David , Murthy Spandan
Published: February 2024

Transport infrastructure accounts for a significant proportion of the worlds carbon dioxide emissions. Bridges and viaducts use a significant amount of steel and cement, these two industries alone amount to about 16% of total worlds carbon emissions. The carbon footprint of bridges and viaducts has been studied and documented. This paper summarises the published data and adds some additional data from the Arcadis bridges database and other sources. Plots of carbon with crossing length and bridge area are given. New datasets of bridge carbon with time, with span and carbon in substructures are introduced to note progress towards net zero and to address issues noted in the original research. The paper summarises the key conclusions of previous research and gives 4 key recommendations towards net zero along with key performance indicators of good bridge designs considering carbon footprint.
Cable replacement of Fernando Reig Bridge in Alcoy, Alicante
Authors: Torrico Javier , Corres Hugo , Leon Javier , Sánchez Julio , Sanz Cristina , Fernández Gemma
Published: February 2024

This paper summarizes the cable replacement works carried out at this cable-stayed bridge constructed in the city of Alcoy (Spain} that was reopened to vehicular and pedestrian traffic in April 2018, 31 years after its inauguration. The sequence followed for the cable replacement and the lessons learned this procedure are explained at length. The authors believe that the transmission of this experience can help others to technically manage similar bridges not only in Spain but all over the world.
Influence of endurance of stud shear connectors on the reliability of steel-concrete superstructures of road bridges
Authors: Kozak Nikolai , Syrkov Anton , Bystrov Vladimir , Yaroshutin Dmitry
Published: February 2024

The research considers the influence of fatigue failures of shear stud connectors on the overall reliability of steel-reinforced concrete superstructures. There are considered possible models of failures of the joint members and steel-reinforced concrete superstructures as a whole both for the First (Ultimate} Limit State (ULS} and for the Second (Serviceability} Limit State (SLS}. There have been developed scenarios for excluding joint members from the operation of the superstructure and a list of basic scenarios and levels of their progress has been compiled. For five models of road bridges steel-reinforced concrete superstructures, there was conducted a numerical experiment to simulate the exclusion of joint members from the work of the structure. The calculation results for each scenario and scenario level are analyzed with regard to possible structural failures. There are also drawn conclusions about the risks of violating the normal operation of superstructures due to the exclusion of the joint members from operation.
A robotic and automatic solution for identifying frequencies and high- resolution mode shapes of bridge structures – an experimental study
Authors: Jian Xudong , Chatzi Eleni , Lai Zhilu
Published: February 2024

This study presents an automated robotic solution for identifying frequencies and high-resolution mode shapes of bridge structures. In this solution, a programmable wheeled robot, whose movement can be precisely and remotely controlled, acts as the mobile platform that carries an accelerometer, and another accelerometer is deployed on the tested structure as a stationary reference. By exploiting a mobile modal identification scheme, this study adopts an output-only frequency domain decomposition technique to extract frequencies and high-resolution mode shapes from the acceleration signals captured by both the mobile and stationary accelerometers. To validate the solution, a field test is conducted on a footbridge, where the frequencies and high- resolution shapes of the first two structural modes are successfully identified, using only two wireless accelerometers. This confirms the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed solution.
Making Sustainability as Core of Engineering Education
Authors: Apte Shantanu
Published: February 2024

The need to address sustainability topics through education curricula interventions is studied in this paper from the practitioner’s view point. The survey results of 307 senior and experienced engineering professionals on the topic of sustainability are collated and analysed. The paper not only emphasises the need for engineering curricula enhancements but proposes some key themes at a macro level. The paper also articulates possible benefits by making engineering education sustainability focused.
A Case Study on the Performance Based Enhancement of Cementitious Systems through Sustainable Nanomaterials
Authors: Ghosal Mainak , Chakraborty Arun Kumar
Published: February 2024

This study concerns the application of a water-saving cement additive that can appreciably better the hardened properties of a cured product of a cementitious composition over a long time period. This advanced cement additive is a Nanotechnology based advanced material also known as Nano Materials at varying dosages by weight of ordinary Portland cement (1 part by weight) in a dry mix with river sand constituting 3 parts by weight of cement. Nanomaterials are insoluble in water so it’s dissolved in a polymeric compound of Polycarboxylate Ether through ultrasonication.7.07cm cubes are cast with this mixture with water adjoined as per IS:4031 Standards under the fixed water/cement(w/c) at 0.4. After casting the cubes are cured at room temperature and they are tested for 3 Days, 7 Days, 28 Days, & 365 Days for compressive strength. Not only the results when compared are found to be superior to that of the ordinary cement composite cubes but also were found to be much more economical when compared to Silica Fumed cement compositions.
Experimental corrosion investigation of untreated suspension bridge main cables
Authors: Miyachi Kazuhiro , Oishi Haruki , Yajima Takeshi , Yano Moritoshi
Published: February 2024

In this research, focusing on the phenomenon that the general part of the suspension bridge main cable located in the mountainous/plain area corrodes unevenly toward the upper surface of the cable and aims to elucidate the corrosion mechanism. As a result of investigating of corrosion environment and a corrosion acceleration test using a simulated rope, it was found that there is a period on the rope surface where the corrosion rate of galvanization reaches the highest temperature range. It was also found that the water that tends to remain on the upper surface of the rope is heated during the day due to rainfall and dew condensation, and that only the upper surface may be unevenly corroded.
Implementation of controlled flexibility as a seismic strategy towards building sustainable infrastructure in India
Authors: Majumdar Santanu , Sen Pratik
Published: February 2024

The growing need for safer bridges and structures is stimulating the concept of adapting smarter techniques in bearing supports, reducing seismic risk and structural costs. Advanced isolation devices offer engineers with various options. An appropriate solution includes systems that provide desired flexibility, damping, and re-centering properties. Various projects of national importance are already implementing such smarter techniques, thereby laying the foundation of sustainable infrastructure.

Performance evaluation in simulated service and seismic conditions is of immense importance. Set up to support and supplement such demanding testing needs is now available in India already backing the projects as and when required.
Structure as Symbolism: Pylons as Tools for Cultural Expression in the Asia-Pacific Region
Authors: Jensen Poul Ove , Henriksen Jesper , Holmboe Tine , Merlo Catherine
Published: February 2024

In supporting both the deck and cable weight within suspension and cable-stayed bridges, the essential function of pylons provides architectural opportunity. Dissing+Weitling presents three case studies from China, the Philippines, and Australia to demonstrate how pylons can be transformed into design drivers of a bridge’s aesthetic symbolism.

Recognizing the role infrastructure can play in engaging with local and indigenous user groups, this paper examines how design choices regarding colour, negative space, lighting design, and the physicality of pylons can reinforce cultural identity. In recognizing the symbolic potential of pylons – a structural necessity – mobility architecture can provide iconic, culturally responsive, and locally meaningful infrastructure.
Use of Waste Plastic for Road Construction in Delhi NCR Region
Authors: Behl Ambika , Das Shankh , Verma Saurabh K. , Chandra Saurabh
Published: February 2024

Use of waste plastic in bituminous mix has revealed improved performance properties of bituminous mix in terms of strength, fatigue life and reduction in overall rutting. But this improvement in properties of bituminous mix depends a lot on the type of waste plastic used. Various factors like; size of shredded waste plastic, type of plastic, thickness of plastic, temperature of aggregates, addition method of waste plastic affects the performance properties of the bituminous mix. This paper discusses about the implementation of waste plastic technology in construction of roads in Delhi NCR region by adopting dry mixing process. Most of the roads under this project were constructed by following IRC SP 98:2013 and 8% {by weight of bitumen) of waste plastic was used whereas on one section in NCR region higher dosages of waste plastic was used

{upto 3% by weight of the mix).
Design of Tall Railway Bridges in North Eastern States, India
Authors: Sengupta Sumantra
Published: February 2024

Northeast Frontier railway (NFR) intends to connect Manipur, Mizoram and Nagaland with rest part of India. The railway lines pass through eastern trail of Himalaya resulting construction of large number of tunnels and bridges. The entire area is under seismic zone V. The heights of the piers vary from 20m to 141m with maximum length of bridges 700m. The configurations of the bridges were finalized taking into consideration of the parameters like span, location of the pier on the hill slope, constructability, maintainability, safety and economy. Multi modal analysis using site specific spectrum, spectrum compatible time history analysis and spatially varying time history analysis was performed to understand the behaviour of the structure under seismic and deformed shape of the continuous rail on the superstructure for safety of the train movement. Wind tunnel analysis was performed to understand the behaviour of bridge under wind force.
Mumbai Trans-harbour Link - A leap over Sea
Authors: Khan Ekhlaq Ahmed
Published: February 2024

The new Sea link Bridge over Main land Sewri on Mumbai side to Ulwe on Navi Mumbai side is characterized by some aesthetically appealing elevations of the Bridge and large spans. This paper gives a glimpse of the design adopted and focuses on innovative execution ideas developed to overcome challenges faced during construction of the Trans-Harbour Link Package-1 starting from Sewri end. It details out use of lean construction method followed without causing any disturbance to the surrounding environment. Most importantly the port facilities, navigation channel and seabed pipelines in the Mumbai Bay, which posed real risk during execution of the works along with the size, intertidal zone and Marine site conditions developed extreme demanding conditions.
Verification of reinforced concrete D-regions designed with strut-and- tie models by nonlinear FE-Methods
Authors: Mohseni Seyed Mohammad Javad , Goldack Arndt
Published: February 2024

The design of structural discontinuities (D-Regions) of reinforced concrete (RC) structures, such as openings and dapped ends, put practical engineers in a challenging situation. Few skilled enough, develop Strut-and-Tie Models (STM) for the design. ln this paper, the ultimate load capacities of a deep beam designed with STM are checked and examined with the help of nonlinear FEM simulations. These were performed with two different material models: The Concrete-Damaged- Plasticity (CDPM) in Abaqus and the Coupled-Damage-Plasticity-Microplane (MPM) in Ansys. This paper provides an overview of all the relevant aspects regarding modelling the material nonlinearities and provides an example on how to use both material models. The conclusions of this work shall pave the way for further studies, especially for D-Regions with non-metallic reinforcement such as Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) rebars.
Features of Guidelines for the Design of Cable Supported Bridges to Resist Wind & Seismicity
Authors: Krishna Prem , Parameswaran Lakshmy , Singh Yogendra
Published: February 2024

IRC Guidelines on planning, design and construction for Extradosed and Cable stayed bridges are highlighted in separate papers entitled, “The New IRC Guidelines for Cable Stayed Bridges in India” by Mahesh Tandon and “A new IRC Guideline for Design, Construction and Maintenance of Extradosed Bridges in India“ by Alok Bhowmick. This paper brings out the salient features contained in the chapters related to wind loads and effects as well as seismic forces for the design of these two types of cable supported bridges.
Construction aspects of cable stayed and extradosed bridges in new Indian guidelines
Authors: Heggade V. N.
Published: February 2024

Indian Roads Congress (IRC) is bringing out two independent guidelines on Cable Stayed and Extradosed Bridges pertaining to ‘Design, Construction and Maintenance’ aspects. As on date, there are documents on stay cable design and technological aspects like, fib bulletin 89, SETRA and PTI which have been universally followed for the design and construction of cable stayed and extradosed bridges. There is also a state of the art report SED17 on extradosed bridges by IABSE and specifications for design and construction of cable stayed and extradosed bridges by Japan Prestressed Concrete Institute. The Indian independent guidelines on cable stayed and extradosed bridges are unique and complete in all respects as such is expected to improve the quality of design and construction in India to a large extent. This paper deals with the construction aspects as delineated in the guidelines.
Design and Analysis of Hybrid Cable-Stayed Bridges: A Comprehensive Study
Authors: Prasad P. V. V. S. S. Ravi , Nahire Bhushan Vishnu , Desai Amit Kakaji
Published: February 2024

This research paper aims to explore the design, analysis, and anticipated performance of hybrid cable-stayed bridges, with a specific focus on the Krishna River Bridge. Hybrid cable-stayed bridges offer structural advantage derived from unique combination of cable stayed and suspension structural arrangements leading to improved load-carrying capacity, structural efficiency, better foundation strata due to pylons placed nearer to the river banks, cost-effectiveness, and aesthetic appeal.

The paper will present a comprehensive study into various aspects involved in the analysis and design of hybrid cable-stayed bridges, with a particular emphasis on Krishna River Bridge Project on NH-167K in the States of Telangana & Andhra Pradesh in India. This will include examining the optimal structural configuration, cable arrangement and material selection for the bridge under different loading conditions. By conducting thorough analyses and simulations, this case study indicates that engineers and the client can make informed decisions during the design and construction phases of a bridge ensuring its safety, durability, functionality and cost effectiveness while achieving high aesthetic value making the structure an Iconic structure very well suited to the terrain and topographical features of the landscape at the Bridge site.
1D Consolidation of Soil at Sumari Uttarakhand Considering Variable Compressibility
Authors: Raturi Saurav , Nautiyal Ayush , Bhatra Shashank
Published: February 2024

The linear and elastic consolidation theory developed by Terzaghi is commonly used for evaluation of consolidation characteristics of fine-grained soils. As several simplifying assumptions have been made in the derivation of Terzaghi’s theory, the application of this theory in many practical problems, especially those involving soft clays, may lead to significant errors. In particular, the assumption of constant value for coefficient of consolidation, 𝐶𝐶𝑣𝑣, during consolidation process is one of the major limitations in Terzaghi’s theory. In this paper, soil sample from the village Sumari near Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand where the permanent campus of NIT Uttarakhand will be constructed has been considered. Finite difference approach is utilized for solving one-dimensional non-linear partial differential equation. Two coefficients {𝐶𝐶𝑛𝑛 and 𝛼𝛼) are computed to describe changes in soil characteristics and incorporate the changes in 𝐶𝐶𝑣𝑣 during consolidation. In order to understand the consolidation behaviour considering variable compressibility a simple problem has been considered. It has been observed that the degree of consolidation is over-estimated on consideration of constant coefficient of consolidation 𝐶𝐶𝑣𝑣 and thus may have a substantial impact on the long-term behaviour of the structure resting over ground exhibiting such behaviour.
Continuous Galvanized Rebar for Corrosion control in RCC structures
Authors: Sharma R. , Goodwin Frank E. , Dallin Gary W. , Sharma Rakhi
Published: February 2024

Post liberalization, India has witnessed massive infrastructure growth. One of the reasons for this magnificent growth was easy availability of foreign technology, which is required for building massive infrastructure. Being the second fastest growing economy, at an average GDP of 7-8 % for past ten years, the loss due to corrosion is to the tune of USD 40 billion every year, which is about 4 percent of the GDP. Steel corrosion is the most common problem faced by most of the countries. There is a need to find ways and means to plug leakages on maintenance costs due to corrosion and offer the right solutions to enhance the life of civil structures by using suitable cost effective coating on steel. Scientists and engineers are focusing on developing corrosion free material , which has not become reality because of economies of scale. However many new protective coatings have been developed to prolong the life of steel.

The reliability of the built environment, both general construction and infrastructure, is paramount to minimize the ever increasing costs of maintenance. And avoiding the serious costs to society of disrupted transportation routes, failed communication networks, inadequate energy supply, or deficient water control systems, when infrastructure must be repaired or replaced, has become more critical. There is an acute demand for investments that provide long service life buildings and infrastructure. Globally, more than $1.5 trillion will be spent annually over the coming years on new construction, or on repair or replacement of existing infrastructure. Whether for residential or commercial buildings, for energy, water, communications or transportation systems, construction projects will rely heavily on reinforced concrete as a principal building material. Protecting the reinforcing steel (rebar) from corrosion is a critical investment to prolong the life and improve reliability of the built Structure and environment.

Coatings are well established as a means to protect rebar from corrosion. Hot-dip galvanized rebar (HDG) has been used successfully for over 50 years although it is sometimes perceived as a niche product. With the advancement of technology, low cost continuous grade Galvanized Rebar is a recent development. Furthermore, by using a small aluminum-containing zinc bath, it will produce a galvanized reinforcing product with 40-60 microns of pure zinc coating that can not only successfully withstand the subsequent reinforcing bar forming operations, but has the potential to resist corrosion in concrete equal to that of much thicker zinc-iron coatings.
Narratives from women using the dapivirine vaginal ring in an open label extension study by Kalendri Naidoo.
Authors:   , Naidoo Kalendri
Published: February 2024

In sub-Saharan Africa, women and girls represented 63% of new Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infections in 2020. Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) aged 15–24 years are twice as likely to be living with HIV as compared to young men. Therefore, efforts to develop and roll out safe, effective and acceptable HIV prevention products for women, are continuing. An important example of a female-initiated HIV prevention strategy is the dapivirine vaginal ring which showed a 27% reduction in HIV-1 incidence in the Microbicides Trials Network (MTN)-020/A Study to Prevent Infection with a Ring for Extended Use (ASPIRE) study and by 31% in the International Partnership for Microbicides (IPM)-027 The Ring study. The dapivirine vaginal ring was subsequently tested for safety and adherence in the Open Label Extension (OLE), MTN-025/HIV Open-label Prevention Extension (HOPE) study. The MTN-032/Adherence in HOPE and ASPIRE (AHA) study was a two-phase exploratory sub-study of the ASPIRE (AHA part 1, after ASPIRE and before HOPE study initiation) and HOPE (AHA part 2, after HOPE was completed) studies which utilised single qualitative indepth interviews (IDIs) to explore social conditions and issues related to participation around the use of the dapivirine vaginal ring as well as suitable approaches to market the study product. I report on the narratives from women participating in the AHA study (Part 2) within the context of known safety, partial product efficacy and choice, focusing on what motivated women to join the HOPE OLE study, women’s understanding of the vaginal rings’ efficacy, how they understood it to work in their bodies to prevent HIV and barriers and motivators to vaginal ring adherence.
Trigger Finger Hand, Pathophisiology and Management
Authors: Shaffiranisa Elviena , Sari Dinda Puspita , Chusaeri Andhito Rafid , Rahmawati Baiq Ayu , Novsyaini Zhayyin Palna Rial , Irmayanto Tomi
Published: February 2024

Trigger finger hand is a stenosing tenosynovitis that occurs in the flexor sheaths of the finger and thumb due to repetitive use. Narrowing of the flexor sheath combined with hypertrophy and inflammation between tendons and sheaths causes trigger finger stenosing tenosynovitis leading to tendon restriction. The purpose of this literature review to provide an update regarding the pathophysiology and management of trigger finger. This literature study using search engines including Pubmed, ScienceDirect, NCBI, and Google Schoolar. In total, 10 sources were used which were obtained from various existing databases. In the treatment of trigger finger, there are non-surgical treatments such as conservative management and conventional management, and surgical management, namely Open release pulley A-1 which is the first line of treatment before medical rehabilitation, medical rehabilitation.
Identification of Bioactive Solutions of Corn Silk (Zea mays L.) Extract and Biological Activity Test By Bioinformatics
Authors: Raihan Afdhal , Illahi Angga Kurnia , Rokhimah Siti , Elisa Tasya Putri Pratama , Maliza Rita
Published: February 2024

Corn silk (Zea mays L.) is an agricultural by-product that is discarded as agricultural waste. Corn silk has secondary metabolite compounds that have the potential to become useful bioactive compounds. The purpose of this study is to recognize the bioactive potential of corn hair through compound identification and biological activity. The method used is preparation and extraction by maceration method followed by identification of compounds through LC-MS analysis method and Phytochemical test, bioinformatic PASS test based on data through PubChem, ChemSpider, and way2drug web. The results obtained from corn silk have a group of active compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids and triterpenoids. Analysis of potential bioactivity received Acaciin compounds have high antioxidant bioactivity with a Pa value of 0.815, 2-arachidonoylglycerol has high potential antiinflammatory bioactivity with a Pa value of 0.736 and 1,2-di-O-methyl-4-[(2R)-2,4-dihydro butyramide shows moderate possible antibacterial activity with a Pa value of 0.643. This study concludes that corn silk has high bioactive potential as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial.
Analysis of Food Security of Farm Households in the Dodokan River Watershed Area, Lombok Island
Authors: Bandrang Danu Dayako , Sa'diyah Halimatus , Suparmin  , Halil  , Abdurrahman Muktasam , Husni Syarif
Published: February 2024

The research aims to determine the level of food security and the factors that influence the level of food security of farming households in the Dodokan watershed. The topography of the watershed from upstream to downstream certainly influences the water supply in each part of the watershed, namely in the upstream, middle and downstream parts, which has implications for the way farmers carry out business on the land they work on, both cropping and cropping patterns. This of course raises the assumption that farmers in upstream and middle areas will be more prosperous because of a better supply of natural resources and whether this will have an impact on production levels and income of farmer households. This research used a household survey of 68 farmers selected using proportional sampling. Cross-classification between expenditure and portion of household energy adequacy levels is used to answer the first objective. The ordinal logistic model is used to answer the second objective. The results of the research show that 27.94% of farmer households have achieved food security levels, 30.88% have less, 38.24% are vulnerable, and 2.94% have food insecurity. Based on the results of ordinal logistics testing, household food security is positively influenced by household income, number of household members, household expenditure and negatively by the housewife's education.
The Effect of Tapak Dara (Catharanthus roseus) Leaf Extract on The Growth of Mice (Mus Musculus) Ovarian Follicles
Authors: Nuradiah Mawaddah Fatin , Merta I Wayan Merta , Kusmiyati Kusmiyati
Published: February 2024

Tapak dara (Catharanthus roseus) leaf contain phytoestrogen compounds such as flavonoids, isoflavonoids, saponins, and tannins, and contain alkaloid compounds. Phytoestrogens are compounds contained in plants, having a chemical structure resembling 17β-Estradiol in the body's natural estrogen. This study aims to determine the effect of tapak dara leaf extract on the growth of ovarian follicles of mice (Mus musculus), consisting of primary follicles, secondary, tertiary, and de Graaf follicles. This research method is true experiment and Posstest-Only Control with a quantitative approach. Sampling was carried out randomized block design (RBD). The growth of mice ovarian follicles is known by counting the number of mice ovarian follicles, analyzed using the ANOVA one-way test analysis method at a sig. level of 5% (α = 0.05), then if there is a difference, proceed with a further test of Least Significant Difference) at a sig. level of 5% (α = 0.05). Data analysis using Microsoft Excel 2010. The results of the hypothesis test using One Way ANOVA stated that Fcalculate > Ftable at sum of primary follicles, which means that there is a real difference and Ha is accepted. The results of hypothesis tests at sum of secondary, tertiary, and de Graaf follicles stated that Fcalculate < Ftable, which means there is no real difference and Ha is rejected. The conclusion of this study is that tapak dara leaf extract has a significant effect on the growth of primary follicles, but does not significantly affect the growth of secondary, tertiary, and de Graaf follicles.
Bioplastic Prototype of Gayam Fruit and King Banana Skin with Glycerol Variation
Authors: Natsir Nur Alim , AF Asyik Nur Allifah
Published: February 2024

Plastic is a popular packaging material used worldwide. Plastic has advantages such as being strong, light and elastic, but due to its slow decomposition process, its existence has an impact on the accumulation of plastic waste and the environment. Bioplastics made from Gayam starch and plantain peels with variations of glycerol are the best solutions to overcome the plastic problem because they are made from easily decomposed raw materials. The purpose of this study was to determine the bioplastic prototype of gayam fruit and plantain peel with glycerol variations. This type of research is quantitative with a laboratory experiment approach. This research was conducted on 24 February 2022 to 06 January 2023 at the Ambon IAIN MIPA Laboratory. Gayam fruit starch and plantain peel starch flour were made in a ratio of 1: 3. Then precipitated for 24 hours and dried in an oven for 4 hours at 50°C. Bioplastics are made by adding variations of glycerol 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. Bioplastic prototypes in the form of physical appearance, biodegradable tests and water resistance were analyzed descriptively using the ANOVA test (Analysis of Variance) and continued with Duncan's test to determine the significance of glycerol variations on bioplastic prototypes. The results showed that Gayam starch and plantain peel with variations in glycerol had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the bioplastic prototype.
Evaluation of Planting Success and Mangrove Habitat Suitability in Various Planting Years in Pasar Rawa Village, Langkat Regency
Authors: Sari Ratna , Marpaung Sutan Sahala Muda , Has Dini Hardiani , Daulay Aulia Putra
Published: February 2024

Mangroves are a type of tree whose habitat is in areas influenced by sea tides. This research aims to determine the percentage of mangrove plant life and habitat characteristics at the planting location in Pasar Rawa Village in the 2018, 2019, and 2020 planting years. The research location is in the forest area of Pasar Rawa Village, which is administratively located in Gebang District, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra Province. The time of the research was carried out from March to June 2021. The success of planting R. apiculata mangrove species in each planting year is above 80%. Based on the measurement results at the three planting locations, the average thickness of the mud was above 40 cm. This indicates the planting location is suitable for vegetation growth. Salinity, acidity, and dissolved oxygen in all study locations are also suitable for mangrove growth. This study concludes that the survival percentage of mangrove planting in Pasar Swamp Village at three years of planting is above 80% and has suitable habitat characteristics for mangrove growth. The success of planting mangroves is inseparable from the role of the community, which maintains and carries out the planting and the types suitable for planting in that location. Suggestions for this research are that it is necessary to thin the location of the 2020 planting year because the distance is too tight and add even more specific environmental factors, such as substrate and nutrients, for even better results.
Biomass and Carbon Stocks in Post-Agriculture Secondary Forest in Manokwari, West Papua, Indonesia
Authors: Susanto Slamet Arif , Maturbongs Agatha Cecilia , Budirianto Heru Joko , Sriwidodo Eko Tenoyo , Kilmaskossu Agustinus , Peniwidiyanti Peniwidiyanti
Published: February 2024

Vegetations in post-agriculture forests (PAF) have the potential to absorb carbon dioxide and store it in to the form of biomass. However, information on carbon stocks in post-agriculture secondary forest in Papua, Indonesia still needs to be available. This study aimed to analyze the density of vegetation and its relationship to the carbon stock of aboveground vegetation biomass on PAF in the lowland of Manokwari, West Papua. This study was conducted on PAF aged 4 and 7 years using a one-factor, completely randomized design. Carbon stock is calculated using an allometric equation based on a diameter at breast height of 1.30 m (dbh ≥5cm). The results showed that 60% of the relative density of trees on the two PAF’s was composed by Premna odorata, Piper aduncum, and Macaranga tanarius. Carbon stocks on PAF aged 4 and 7 years reach 550 kg/ha and 140 kg/ha respectively. There is an increase in aboveground biomass and carbon stock with relative tree density and, tree diameter, which is significantly affected by the age of the PAF (P<0,002). The low carbon stock on PAF aged four years indicates that there has been a significant decrease in soil fertility after several years of cultivation by the local Papuan community. Therefore, there must be a difference in land use management between natural secondary forest and post-agriculture forest.
The Effect of Providing Fermented Pineapple Peel in The Ration on The Performance of Peking Ducks
Authors: Haiza N. , Sumadi K. , Siti N. W. , Bulkaini Bulkaini , Kisworo Djoko , Fahrullah Fahrullah
Published: February 2024

This research aims to determine the performance of male Peking ducks given rations containing fermented pineapple peel at the Teaching Farm, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Mataram. The research was carried out for 10 weeks using a Completely Randomized Design, consisting of 6 treatments and 5 replications. Each replication used 8 male Peking ducks aged two weeks so that the number of ducks used was 240. The treatments were P0 = control, P1 = 5% fermented pineapple peel, P2 = 10% fermented pineapple peel, P3 = 15% fermented pineapple peel, P4 = 20% fermented pineapple peel and P5 = 25% fermented pineapple peel. The research variables were: final body weight, body weight gain, ration consumption, Feed Converation Ratio, percentage of carcass and non-carcass analyzed using analysis of variance. The results of the study showed that giving fermented pineapple peel up to a level of 25% had a significant effect (P<0.05) on final body weight, body weight gain and feed consumption, but was not significantly different (P>0.05) on the feed conversion ratio, carcass percentage, small intestine length, small intestine percentage, liver percentage, and leg percentage. Conclusion: Providing fermented pineapple peel to a level of 10% increased final weight, body weight gain, feed consumption, head and neck percentage but reduced heart percentage and gizzard percentage. Feed conversion ratio, carcass percentage, small intestine length, small intestine percentage, liver percentage, and leg percentage were relatively similar between treatments.
Induksi Kalus dari Hipokotil Belimbing Merah (Baccaurea angulata) dengan Penambahan 2,4-D (Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid) dan BAP (6-Benzyl Amino Purin)
Authors: Teresia Novi , Zakiah Zulfa , Turnip Masnur
Published: February 2024

Red starfruit is one of the endemic plants of Kalimantan which produces secondary metabolites which has been empirically used as antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer. This plant has a long reproductive period and seedless fruit is often found during the fruiting season, which is a problem for the sustainability of the red starfruit in nature. Conservation of red star fruit for propagation and production of secondary metabolites can be done in vitro through callus culture. This research aims to determine the effect of adding the growth regulators dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP) on callus induction time, percentage of callus forming explants, callus color and texture, and callus growth. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a factorial pattern consisting of two treatment factors, namely 2,4-D (0; 0.25; 0.5; 0.75; 1 ppm) and BAP (0; 0.25; 0.5; 0.75; 1 ppm). The percentage of explants forming callus (%), the time the callus appeared (days after planting), the color and texture of the callus, the wet weight and dry weight of the callus (g) were research observation parameters.The results showed that the single factor 2,4-D, single factor BAP, and the interaction of 2,4-D and BAP had a significant effect to callus appearance time. Single administration of 2,4-D and BAP had a significant effect on callus dry weight. The color variations of the callus produced are white, green and brown with a compact texture. The fastest callus emergence time was at 11.00 days after planting (DAP), namely in the combination treatment of 1 ppm 2,4-D and 0.75 ppm BAP, single treatment 0.75 ppm and 1 ppm 2,4- D. The highest average dry weight of 0.024 g was obtained in the single treatment of 0.75 ppm BAP.
POLÍTICA DE AÇÕES AFIRMATIVAS NA PERSPECTIVA DOS ALUNOS COTISTAS DO INSTITUTO FEDERAL DE SÃO PAULO - CAMPUS PIRACICABA
Authors: Freitas Ilca dos Santos , SIQUELLI SÔNIA APARECIDA
Published: February 2024

Este trabalho, fruto de pesquisa de doutoramento em Educação, que se encontra em
andamento na fase inicial, pela Linha de Pesquisa Educação, Sociedade e Processos
Formativos, do Programa de Pós-Gradua
Pengaruh Kaca Penutup Double Slope dengan Piramida Menggunakan Pelat Penyerap Sirip terhadap Kinerja Solar Still
Authors: Ismail Nova
Published: February 2024

Solar desalination technology is a technology that utilizes sunlight as the main energy resource to produce clean water through the process of heating seawater. This study compared solar stills using a double slope cover glass model with a pyramid model. The study used an experimental method to compare the cover glass of the double slope model and the pyramid model. The data taken are temperature, solar radiation intensity and water productivity. The thickness of the water above the basin is 1 cm. The study resulted in the highest productivity and efficiency of solar stills using the highest double slope model cover glass of 2,780 liters and an efficiency of 37.79% compared to solar stills using pyramid model cover glass with a productivity of 2,580 liters and an efficiency of 35.16%.
Forensic Investigation of Electrical Conduct Copper Bead Microstructure as an Effort to Identify Causes of Fire
Authors: Riyanto Sulistiana Agung , Ferdian Deni
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of the bead formed due to short circuit, overload and direct flame treatment on NYM 3x1.5 copper power cable. Handling of short circuit and overload is carried out at a current load of 800% of the current carrying capacity (144 Amperes) and direct flame treatment is carried out at a temperature of 960 degrees Celsius. The bead specimens formed from each treatment were examined and tested in the laboratory: chemical composition examination, visual inspection, macro and micro structural examination, hardness testing, and SEM-EDS examination. The difference in the characteristics of the arc bead that is formed under short circuit conditions and overload is that in short circuit conditions the damage point is localized at a certain point, namely at the short circuit contact point, while under overload conditions the point damage is localized at one or several specific locations along the wire. The macro characteristic of arc beads formed under short-circuit and overload conditions is that they contain many cavities and a clear transition boundary between the melted/ re-solidified material and the non-melted material. While the characteristics of the granules in the form of globular formed in the direct flame treatment, do not show sharp transitions between melting/ re-solidified materials. The micro structure of NYM 3x1.5 beads of electrically conducting copper wire material under the treatment conditions: short circuit, overload and direct ignition, is an alpha (α) phase dendritic structure.
Analisis Isi Modul Pengajaran Membaca Berbasis Literasi Kritis Bagi Mahasiswa Calon Guru
Authors: Ikaningrum Rini Estiyowati , Indriani Lilia
Published: February 2024

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis isi modul pengajaran membaca bagi mahasiswa calon guru agar mereka memiliki kemampuan mengolah, menganalisis, dan merefleksi sebuah informasi melalui pengajaran membaca dengan selalu melihat suatu text tidak hanya pada konten pengetahuan saja namun juga mampu mempengaruhi tingkah laku terhadap lingkungannya. Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis deskriptif. Adapun desain awal penelitian dirancang dengan cara melakukan pengamatan untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai masalah yang dihadapi mahasiswa dalam menerapkan literasi kritis melalui text bacaan. Selain itu, peneliti akan melakukan wawancara dengan dosen pengampu untuk mengetahui bagaimana materi pengajaran membaca di kelas Critical Reading digunakan. Setelah itu modul pengajaran membaca disampaikan kepada para ahli untuk dievaluasi dan divalidasi. Pada akhirnya modul pengajaran membaca pada penelitian ini dapat dimanfaatkan oleh mahasiswa calon guru melalui aktivitas pengajaran membaca dan evaluasinya untuk melatih mahasiswa menjadi mampu berliterasi kritis
Peran Bahan Ajar Multikeaksaraan Berbasis Potensi Lokal dalam Meningkatkan Profesi Warga Belajar di Masyarakat
Authors: Sabighoot Yus Alvar , Suminar Uum , Hisyam Mohamad
Published: February 2024

Pendidikan multiliterasi adalah layanan pendidikan yang menyelenggarakan pembelajaran bagi peserta didik yang telah menyelesaikan pendidikan keaksaraan dasar. Dalam pelaksanaan pendidikan multiliterasi bahan ajar menjadi peran sangat penting dalam mencapai ketercapaian pendidikan yang dilaksanakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Lokasi penelitian yaitu di 4 Pusat Kegiatan Belajar Masyarakat (PKBM) yang berada di Kabupaten/Kota Provinsi Banten yang menjadi wilayah pengembangan PBL pendidikan multikeaksara pada satuan PNF. Dihasilkan bahwa peran bahan ajar berbasis potensi lokal sangat berperang penting dalam pengembangan profesi para peserta didik di masyarakat. Terdapat 3 komponen utama yang menjadi penilian yaitu kemampuan membaca, berhitung, menulis, dan bermata pencaharian/profesi potensi lokal. Dimana dihasilkan bahwa kebermanfaatan bahan ajar ini sangat baik mulai dari kemenarikan dan kemudahan panduan masing-masing mendapatkan presentase 63,3% dan 51,7%. Sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa bahan ajar multikesaraan berbasis potensi lokal memang dapat meningkatkkan kemampuan merawat keberaksaraan lanjutan dan profesi peserta didik sesuai dengan potensi lokalnya di masyarakat.
Anestesia libre de opioides. Revisión de la técnica y aplicación en un caso de paciente adicto a opiáceos.
Authors: Sofía Adonina Nicolás Aller  , Silvia Ferrer Cerón  , Elsa Gil Robles  , José Alberto Cabero Pérez
Published: February 2024

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los opiáceos tienen efectos indeseables conocidos: náuseas, vómitos, sedación, íleo, depresión respiratoria, hiperalgesia, tolerancia, dolor crónico postoperatorio, adicción… La anestesia libre de opiáceos se basa en utilizar Ketamina, Dexmedetomidina, Lidocaína y otros fármacos coadyuvantes como AINES, corticoides, magnesio, hipotensores, junto con bloqueos regionales manejados con anestésicos locales, para conseguir una anestesia multimodal que sustituya en lo posible a los opiáceos. MÉTODO: Presentamos un caso de un paciente adicto crónico a opiáceos, que fue sometido a una laparotomía para amputación abdómino-perineal. Se colocó inicialmente un catéter epidural lumbar por el que se administró Levobupivacaína 0,25% en bolos, durante el período intraoperatorio. Además, el paciente fue manejado exitosamente con el protocolo que describimos en el artículo, utilizando una mezcla de fármacos como analgesia preemptiva, antes de la incisión quirúrgica, con objeto de prevenir la sensibilización al dolor del SNC; consta de AINES, Dexametasona y sulfato magnésico. Posteriormente se administró durante la inducción y mantenimiento anestésico, una mezcla de Lidocaína, Dexmedetomidina y Ketamina, a dosis bajas, junto con las dosis habituales de Propofol y relajación con Rocuronio, RESULTADO: La OFA permitió un adecuado manejo anestésico, con estabilidad hemodinámica óptima y ningún efecto secundario reseñable. CONCLUSIÓN: La OFA es una alternativa muy adecuada en el manejo anestésico de pacientes adictos a opiáceos, consiguiéndose excelentes resultados. Se requiere una amplia familiarización del anestesiólogo con la farmacología de las diversas fórmulas empleadas, así como su protocolización. PALABRAS CLAVE: opioid- free anaesthesia, OFA, analgesia, surgery, adverse effect, pain, opioid disorder.
A Comparative Study Between The Levels of Adropin in Iraqi Women with Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes
Authors: Hussien Assaf Riyam , Layla Othman Farhan
Published: February 2024

By measuring Adropin, fasting blood glucose (FBG), cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) in the sera of Iraqi patients with MetS and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the current study was designed to compare some crucial markers in metabolic syndrome (MetS) sera and diabetic patients (T2DM) with control. Twenty female subjects were divided into three groups: group I=40 with MetS and group II=40 with T2DM, and 40 healthy subjects were employed as a control group. Compared to the control group, Adropin levels in the Mets group and T2DM group decreased significantly (p < 0.05). In contrast, none of the patient groups (MetS and T2DM) showed any change compared to themselves. In conclusion, according to the present data, higher levels of FBG, lipid profile, and increased blood pressure (BP) were found in patients with MetS and T2DM. A drop in level could be considered a novel indicator of MetS and T2DM. Compared to T2DM patients, Adropin levels are thought to have a more sensitive diagnostic function than those with MetS and newly diagnosed DM.
Comparison of Complex Sadik and KAJ Transforms for Ordinary Differential Equations to the Response of an Uncompressed Forced Oscillator
Authors: Turq Saed M. , Emad A. Kuffi
Published: February 2024

In this paper we have presented a comparison between two novel integral transformations that are of great importance in the solution of differential equations. These two transformations are the complex Sadik transform and the KAJ transform. An uncompressed forced oscillator, which is an important application, served as the basis for comparison. The application was solved and exact solutions were obtained. Therefore, in this paper, the exact solution was found based on two different integral transforms: the first integral transform complex Sadik and the second integral transform KAJ. And these exact solutions obtained from these two integral transforms were new methods with simple algebraic calculations and applied to different problems. The main purpose of this comparison is the exact solutions, and until we show the importance of the diversity and difference of the kernel of the integral transform by keeping the period t between 0 and infinity.