bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MALAYSIAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, LEADING INDUSTRIES AND INDUSTRIAL CLUSTERS
Authors: WEBSTER THOMAS J.
Published: November 2014

This paper briefly reviews six decades of Malaysia's economic development strategy, which may be described as bounded industrial policy that favors export-led growth. The objective of the current Tenth Malaysia Plan (2011–2015) is to achieve high-income status by 2020 by promoting high-value-added production through increased investments in human capital, adopting new technologies, promoting entrepreneurship to drive innovation and creativity, and elevating domestic demand as an engine of economic growth. Principal components analysis (PCA) and medoid partitioning applied to inflation-adjusted industrial production suggests that Malaysia satisfies the necessary, although not necessarily the sufficient, conditions to achieve this goal.
The effects of different polymerization agents on structural and optical properties of (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 nanopowders synthesized by a facile green route
Authors: Khorrami Gh. H. , Kompany A. , Zak A. Khorsand
Published: November 2014

( K 0.5 N 0.5) NbO 3 lead-free nanopowders were synthesized by a modified sol–gel method in different media: gelatin, starch and chitosan, as polymerization and stabilizer agents. The proper temperature needed for calcinating the prepared gel was obtained using thermogravometric analysis (TGA). Structural and optical properties of the prepared powders were investigated and compared using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV-Vis diffused reflectance spectroscopy. The XRD patterns of the synthesized samples confirmed the formation of the orthorhombic structure at 600°C calcination temperature with no remarkable extra peaks. TEM images showed that the morphologies of the particles prepared in the three different media are cubic with the average size of about 69, 34 and 49 nm for gelatin, starch and chitosan, respectively. The value of the energy band gap of the samples was calculated by diffused reflectance spectroscopy, using Kubelka–Munk method. Our results showed that the type of the polymerization agent is important in preparing KNN nanoparticles and affects the structural and optical properties of the synthesized samples.
An Overview of Power Electronics Applications in Fuel Cell Systems: DC and AC Converters
Authors: Ali M. S. , Kamarudin S. K. , Masdar M. S. , Mohamed A.
Published: November 2014

Power electronics and fuel cell technologies play an important role in the field of renewable energy. The demand for fuel cells will increase as fuel cells become the main power source for portable applications. In this application, a high-efficiency converter is an essential requirement and a key parameter of the overall system. This is because the size, cost, efficiency, and reliability of the overall system for portable applications primarily depend on the converter. Therefore, the selection of an appropriate converter topology is an important and fundamental aspect of designing a fuel cell system for portable applications as the converter alone plays a major role in determining the overall performance of the system. This paper presents a review of power electronics applications in fuel cell systems, which include various topology combinations of DC converters and AC inverters and which are primarily used in fuel cell systems for portable or stand-alone applications. This paper also reviews the switching techniques used in power conditioning for fuel cell systems. Finally, this paper addresses the current problem encountered with DC converters and AC inverter.
Sanjad-Sakati Syndrome and Its Association with Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome
Authors: AlAyed Osamah Abdullah
Published: November 2014

Sanjad-Sakati syndrome (SSS) is an autosomal recessive disorder found exclusively in people of Arabian origin. It was first reported in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1988 and confirmed by a definitive report in 1991. The syndrome comprises of congenital hypoparathyroidism, seizures, severe growth and developmental retardation, low IQ, and atypical facial features. Supportive treatment in the form of vitamin D and growth hormone supplementation is often offered to patients suffering from SSS. This case study focuses on the steps taken to help a patient who was found to have very unusual symptoms and was later found to have superior mesenteric artery syndrome.
Pemphigoid Gestationis in a Third Trimester Pregnancy
Authors: Şentürk Şenol , Dilek Nursel , Tekin Yeşim Bayoğlu , Çolak Sabri , Gündoğdu Betül , Güven Emine Seda Güvendağ
Published: November 2014

Pemphigoid gestationis (PG) is a rare vesiculobullous dermatosis of pregnancy. It is commonly seen in second or third trimester. The diagnosis is frequently made with direct immunofluorescence studies of perilesional skin. Prompt recognition and appropriate management may reduce morbidity of this disease. Herein we present a case of pemphigoid gestationis occurring in a 33-year-old primigravida woman with symptoms of generalized pruritus.
A Life Threatening Rash, an Unexpected Cause
Authors: Jain Dhiraj , Viswanathan Stalin , Ramasamy Chandramohan
Published: November 2014

We describe a 74-year-old man with purpura fulminans and altered sensorium following an acute febrile illness. Intensive sepsis management was to no avail, until institution of doxycycline therapy following confirmation of scrub typhus. Empirical doxycycline needs to be considered in endemic areas for patients presenting with purpura fulminans.
Resistance Spot Welding Optimization Based on Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Arunchai Thongchai , Sonthipermpoon Kawin , Apichayakul Phisut , Tamee Kreangsak
Published: November 2014

Resistance Spot Welding (RSW) is processed by using aluminum alloy used in the automotive industry. The difficulty of RSW parameter setting leads to inconsistent quality between welds. The important RSW parameters are the welding current, electrode force, and welding time. An additional RSW parameter, that is, the electrical resistance of the aluminum alloy, which varies depending on the thickness of the material, is considered to be a necessary parameter. The parameters applied to the RSW process, with aluminum alloy, are sensitive to exact measurement. Parameter prediction by the use of an artificial neural network (ANN) as a tool in finding the parameter optimization was investigated. The ANN was designed and tested for predictive weld quality by using the input and output data in parameters and tensile shear strength of the aluminum alloy, respectively. The results of the tensile shear strength testing and the estimated parameter optimization are applied to the RSW process. The achieved results of the tensile shear strength output were mean squared error (MSE) and accuracy equal to 0.054 and 95%, respectively. This indicates that that the application of the ANN in welding machine control is highly successful in setting the welding parameters.
Preoperative Serum Levels of Mesothelin in Patients with Colon Cancer
Authors: Bostancı Özgür , Kemik Özgür , Kemik Ahu , Battal Muharrem , Demir Uygar , Purisa Sevim , Yavuz Alpaslan , Mihmanlı Mehmet
Published: November 2014

Background. Screening for biochemical markers is important for diagnosing colon cancer. In this study, the reliability of serum mesothelin levels as a potential diagnostic and screening instrument was evaluated concerning colon cancer.Methods. Ninety-five patients who had undergone colonoscopic examination and who were diagnosed with colon cancer were included in the study. The serum mesothelin levels were measured with the ELISA kits and were evaluated in terms of significant difference when compared between colon cancer and control group.Results. Patients with colon cancer had significantly higher mesothelin serum levels(P<0.001)than the control groups. We found significant associations between serum levels and tumor grade, perineural invasion, and vascular invasion (resp.,P<0.001).Conclusion. Evaluating the serum levels of mesothelin has a potential to detect and screen the colon cancer in affected patients. Our data suggest that mesothelin exhibits effects towards colon cancer and serves as a biomarker for this deadly disease.
Sun Protection Beliefs among Hispanics in the US
Authors: Santiago-Rivas Marimer , Wang Chang , Jandorf Lina
Published: November 2014

Purpose. We reviewed the literature on sun protection beliefs in Hispanics living in the United States to explore what challenges are faced by area of research.Method. A review of PubMED, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases was performed. Studies were published in peer-reviewed journals (in all years available) and written in English. The search terms used were [“skin cancer” OR “sun protection”] AND [“Latino” OR “Hispanic”] AND “beliefs.” Eligible papers were included in the final analysis after meeting the following inclusion criteria: (1) the records had to quantitatively examine and report sun protection beliefs in Hispanics, (2) the number of Hispanic participants in the sample had to be clearly specified, and (3) studies reporting differences in sun protection beliefs between Hispanics and other racial and ethnic groups were included in the review.Results. Of the 92 articles identified, 11 met inclusion criteria and addressed sun protection beliefs regarding skin cancer seriousness and susceptibility, and benefits and barriers of sun protection and skin cancer risk behaviors. Characteristics of studies and results were examined.Conclusion. There is insufficient evidence to determine a pattern of sun protection beliefs among Hispanics in the United States. More quality studies are needed which focus on sun protection beliefs in Hispanics.
Mild Cognitive Impairment and Depressive Symptoms in Elderly Patients with Diabetes: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Comorbidity
Authors: Gorska-Ciebiada Malgorzata , Saryusz-Wolska Malgorzata , Ciebiada Maciej , Loba Jerzy
Published: November 2014

The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), depressive syndrome cases, and its comorbidity, and to identify predictors of these conditions.Methods. 276 diabetics elders were screened for MCI and depressive symptoms. Detailed information of history of diabetes, and data of BMI, HbA1c, and blood lipids were collected.Results. The prevalence of MCI was 31.5%, depressive syndrome was 29.7%, and MCI with coexisting depressive mood was 9.1%. The logistic regression analysis revealed that variables which increased the likelihood of having been diagnosed with MCI were: higher HbA1c level, previous CVD, hypertension, retinopathy, increased number of comorbidities, and less years of formal education. Significant predictors of having a depressive mood included female gender, single marital status, current and past smoking status, lack of physical activity, higher BMI and total cholesterol level, increased number of comorbidities, history of hypoglycemia, and insulin treatment. Factors associated with both MCI and depressive syndrome were female gender, single marital status, past smoking status, retinopathy, previous CVD or stroke, increased number of comorbidities, and insulin treatment.Conclusions. Depressive symptoms, MCI, and its comorbidity are common in elderly subjects with type 2 diabetes. Systematic screening could result in the identification of high-risk patients.
Molecular Typing of Hospital-Acquired Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Isfahan, Iran
Authors: Havaei Seyed Asghar , Ghanbari Fahimeh , Rastegari Ali Asghar , Azimian Amir , Khademi Farzad , Hosseini Nafiseh , Ebrahimzadeh Namvar Amirmorteza , Vaez Hamid , Havaei Seyed Mehdi , Shahin Mojtaba
Published: November 2014

Background. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the most common pathogens that cause hospital- and community-acquired infections in the world. The use of molecular typing methods is essential for determining the origin of the strains, their clonal relations, and also in epidemiological investigations. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistant S. aureus isolates and using spa, agr, and SCCmec typing to determine the dominant types in Iran. Material and Method. Fifty isolates of S. aureus were collected from January to May 2010. S. aureus identification was performed by biochemical tests. Disk diffusion method was employed to assess the sensitivity of S. aureus strains to antibiotics and then genetic analysis of bacteria was performed using SCCmec, agr, and spa typing. Results. S. aureus resistance to tetracycline, cefoxitin, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, Cot: cotrimoxazole, levofloxacin, rifampin, and vancomycin were found to be 36%, 18%, 12%, 12%, 22%, 6%, 6%, and 0%, respectively. The results of this study showed that 16% of the isolates were resistant to methicillin (MRSA) and the majority of isolates were SSC mec type IV. In addition spa and agr typing revealed agr typeI and spa type t7688 to be the most predominant. Conclusion. In this study, spa typing showed 100% reliability and the t7688 spa type had a frequency of 26% compared to the frequency of 0.0% in the Ridom SpaServer. The frequency of t304 spa type was higher than the global average.
Increasing Incidence in Relapsing-Remitting MS and High Rates among Young Women in Finland: A Thirty-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Sumelahti Marja-Liisa , Holmberg Markus H. A. , Murtonen Annukka , Huhtala Heini , Elovaara Irina
Published: November 2014

Object. Gender and disease course specific incidences were studied in high- and medium-risk regions of MS in Finland.Methods. Age- and gender-specific incidences with 95% CIs were calculated in 10-year periods from 1981 to 2010. Poser diagnostic criteria were used and compared with the McDonald criteria from 2001 to 2010. Association between age and diagnostic delay over time was assessed by using the Kruskal-Wallis test.Results. 1419 (89%) RRMS and 198 (11%) PPMS cases were included. RRMS incidence increased with the female to male ratio (F/M) from 4,2/105(F/M 1.9) to 9,7 (2.3), while that of PPMS decreased from 1,2 (1.6) to 0,7 (1.2). The use of McDonald criteria did not change the conclusion. The decreasing diagnostic delay and age at diagnosis in RRMS were associated within the 10-year periods and contrasted those in PPMS. Increasing female risk in RRMS was observed in the high-risk region.Conclusion. Increasing RRMS incidence and high female ratios shown in each age group indicate gender-specific influences acting already from childhood. A more precise definition of the risk factors and their action in MS is needed to provide a better understanding of underlying pathological processes and a rationale for the development of new preventive and treatment strategies.
A Case of Sarcoidosis with Interstitial Lung Disease Mimicking Clinically Amyopathic Dermatomyositis and Rapidly Progressive Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Sato Shinji , Nogi Shinichi , Sasaki Noriko , Chinen Naofumi , Honda Kiri , Saito Eiko , Wakabayashi Takayuki , Yamada Chiho , Suzuki Yasuo
Published: November 2014

Here, we report a patient with sarcoidosis who developed edematous erythema and interstitial lung disease. At the initial visit, clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis (CADM) with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD) was suspected because he had progressive dyspnea but no muscle weakness. The presence of anti-CADM-140/MDA5 autoantibodies was immediately assessed to facilitate a precise diagnosis, with negative results. Thereafter, skin and transbronchial lung biopsies revealed noncaseating granuloma with Langhans giant cells in both specimens, leading to a diagnosis of sarcoidosis. In this case, clinical features of skin and lung were unable to distinguish DM (including CADM) from sarcoidosis, but the lack of anti-CADM-140/MDA5 antibody was useful for differentiating CADM with RP-ILD mimicking sarcoidosis from bona fide sarcoidosis.
Use of Antiasthmatic Drugs during Pregnancy after the First Trimester and Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes
Authors: Källén Bengt , Norstedt Wikner Birgitta
Published: November 2014

Background. Women with asthma using antiasthmatics during the later part of the pregnancy have an increased risk for obstetric complications and their infants of neonatal complications. Material and Methods. The study is based on a linkage between the Swedish Medical Birth Register and a register of prescribed drugs in Sweden for the years 2009–2011, identifying women who had filled prescriptions for antiasthmatics after the first trimester. Their characteristics, their obstetric history, and the neonatal conditions of their infants were compared with all other women who gave birth. Adjusted Mantel-Haenszel odds ratios were determined. Results. We found an increased risk for a number of maternal conditions but no risk increase for gestational diabetes (after adjustment for body mass index) or for premature rupture of membranes. There was an increase in preterm births for some drugs used at severe asthma and of low birth weight and small for gestational age for most drug combinations. An increased risk was seen for neonatal hypoglycemia, respiratory problems, and low Apgar score. Conclusions. There are many hazards associated with maternal asthma and use of antiasthmatic drugs. Most evidence suggests a disease effect. A careful control of the asthma during pregnancy is important.
Estimation of Critical Gap Based on Raff’s Definition
Authors: Guo Rui-jun , Wang Xiao-jing , Wang Wan-xiang
Published: November 2014

Critical gap is an important parameter used to calculate the capacity and delay of minor road in gap acceptance theory of unsignalized intersections. At an unsignalized intersection with two one-way traffic flows, it is assumed that two events are independent between vehicles’ arrival of major stream and vehicles’ arrival of minor stream. The headways of major stream follow M3 distribution. Based on Raff’s definition of critical gap, two calculation models are derived, which are named M3 definition model and revised Raff’s model. Both models use total rejected coefficient. Different calculation models are compared by simulation and new models are found to be valid. The conclusion reveals that M3 definition model is simple and valid. Revised Raff’s model strictly obeys the definition of Raff’s critical gap and its application field is more extensive than Raff’s model. It can get a more accurate result than the former Raff’s model. The M3 definition model and revised Raff’s model can derive accordant result.
Prevalence of Fascioliasis in Cattle Slaughtered in Sokoto Metropolitan Abattoir, Sokoto, Nigeria
Authors: Magaji A. A. , Ibrahim Kabir , Salihu M. D. , Saulawa M. A. , Mohammed A. A. , Musawa A. I.
Published: November 2014

The prevalence of fascioliasis in cattle slaughtered in the Sokoto metropolitan abattoir was investigated. Faeces and bile samples were collected and processed using formal ether concentration technique. Gross lesions from 224 out of 1,313 slaughtered cattle were randomly selected and examined. Out of the 224 cattle examined, 95 (42.41%) were males and 129 (57.59%) were females. Out of 95 male cattle examined, 27 (28.42%) were infected and out of 129 females 35 (27.13%) were infected. Based on breed, infection rates were 31 (31.0%), and 31 (25.2%) for breeds of SokotoGudaliand RedBorororespectively. No infection was recorded in WhiteFulanibreed. Lesions observed were more in males than in females and more in RedBororothan in SokotoGudali. Overall, prevalence of infection withFasciolawas 27.68%. There was no statistically significant association between infection and breed and between infection and sex of the animals sampled(P>0.05). Regular treatment of all animals with an effective flukicide, as well as snail habitat control, tracing source of animals, public enlightenment about the disease, proper abattoir inspection, adequate and clean water supply to animals, and payment of compensation of condemned tissues and organs infested with the parasite by government were suggested.
A Systematic Review of Heavy Metals of Anthropogenic Origin in Environmental Media and Biota in the Context of Gold Mining in Ghana
Authors: Armah Frederick Ato , Quansah Reginald , Luginaah Isaac
Published: November 2014

Heavy metal accumulation in the food chain is an issue of global concern because it eventually leads to toxic effects on humans through the water we drink, contaminated soils, crops, and animals. Reports of toxicant levels in environmental media (air, water, and soil) and biota in Ghana were sought in SCOPUS, PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE. Of 1004 bibliographic records identified, 54 studies were included in evidence synthesis. A disproportionately large number of papers (about 80%) focused exclusively on environmental media. Papers focusing on biomonitoring and human health were relatively few. Studies reported a high degree of spatial variability for the concentrations of 8 metals in groundwater. Generally, heavy metal concentrations in soil reported by the studies reviewed were higher than metal concentrations in riverine sediments. Urine and hair were the most common biological markers of heavy metal exposure used by the studies reviewed unlike nails, which were sparingly used. By and large, published results on the levels of heavy metals in goldmine and non-mine workers yielded contradictory results. Mostly, concentrations of heavy metals reported by the studies reviewed for nails were higher than for hair. A high degree of variability in the heavy metal concentrations in human subjects in the studies reviewed is likely due to heterogeneity in physiological states, excretion profiles, and body burdens of individuals. These, in turn, may be a product of genetic polymorphisms influencing detoxification efficiency.
Lifetime Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders among Parents of Children with Bipolar I Disorder: Parental Difference
Authors: Amiri Shahrokh , Ghoreishizadeh Mohammad Ali , Alavizadeh Yasaman , Saedi Farnaz
Published: November 2014

Background. Evaluation of family system is an important area in the context of child and adolescent mental health. This study aimed to estimate psychiatric disorders in parents of children and adolescents with bipolar I disorder (BID).Methods and Materials. In this cross-sectional study, during 2012-2013, all of the children and adolescents diagnosed with BID based on Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version were included. All of the parents (both mother and father) were evaluated by Structured Clinical Interview forDSM-IV-TR.Statistical Analysis. Prevalence rates are reported and independent-samplet-test and chi-square test were used when appropriate.Results. A total of 108 families were interviewed. 25% of mothers and 33% of fathers met the criteria for at least one psychiatric disorder, with major depressive disorder, BMD, and cluster B personality disorder being more prevalent. Fathers were more likely to receive a dual psychiatric diagnosis. Cluster B personality disorder and substance dependence were more prevalent among fathers while major depressive disorder was more prevalent among mothers.Conclusion. This study confirmed a higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders in parents of children with BID and emphasizes parental evolution.
Applicability of the Environmental Relative Moldiness Index for Quantification of Residential Mold Contamination in an Air Pollution Health Effects Study
Authors: Kamal Ali , Burke Janet , Vesper Stephen , Batterman Stuart , Vette Alan , Godwin Christopher , Chavez-Camarena Marina , Norris Gary
Published: November 2014

The Near-Road Exposures and Effects of Urban Air Pollutants Study (NEXUS) investigated the impact of exposure to traffic-related air pollution on the respiratory health of asthmatic children in Detroit, Michigan. Since indoor mold exposure may also contribute to asthma, floor dust samples were collected in participants homes (n=112) to assess mold contamination using the Environmental Relative Moldiness Index (ERMI). The repeatability of the ERMI over time, as well as ERMI differences between rooms and dust collection methods, was evaluated for insights into the application of the ERMI metric. ERMI values for the standard settled floor dust samples had a mean±standard deviation of14.5±7.9, indicating high levels of mold contamination. ERMI values for samples collected from the same home 1 to 7 months apart (n=52) were consistent and without systematic bias. ERMI values for separate bedroom and living room samples were highly correlated (r=0.69,n=66). Vacuum bag dust ERMI values were lower than for floor dust but correlated (r=0.58,n=28). These results support the use of the ERMI to evaluate residential mold exposure as a confounder in air pollution health effects studies.
Melanoma Arising after Imiquimod Use
Authors: Paul Sharad P.
Published: November 2014

Imiquimod belongs to the class of 1H-imidazo-[4,5-c]quinolones—drugs originally developed as nucleoside analogues with the aim of finding new potential antiviral agents (Harrison et al., 1988). Indeed, Imiquimod was first released as treatment for genital warts before its actions against skin cancer were studied. Imiquimod is a relatively small sized molecule (Mr = 240.3) and is hydrophobic, allowing it to penetrate the skin epidermal barrier and therefore making it suitable for topical formulations (Gerster et al., 2005). Imiquimod has shown itself effective against skin cancers and precancerous lesions, especially basal cell cancers and actinic keratosis (Salasche et al., 2002, Beutner et al., 1999). There have been reports of Imiquimod being used as topical treatment against cutaneous metastases of melanoma and some authors have reported its use as first-line therapy against melanoma in situ (Smyth et al., 2011, Gagnon, 2011). We report a case of an invasive malignant melanoma arising de novo at the specific site of application of Imiquimod (Aldara cream 5%) for a biopsy-proven superficial BCC. Therefore while Imiquimod has added to our topical armamentarium against skin cancer, care must be exercised in prescribing this treatment and it is especially important to follow up patients regularly.
Quality‐Oriented Classification of Aircraft Material Based on SVM
Authors: Cai Hongxia , Yu Tingting , Xia Chenglong
Published: November 2014

The existing material classification is proposed to improve the inventory management. However, different materials have the different quality‐related attributes, especially in the aircraft industry. In order to reduce the cost without sacrificing the quality, we propose a quality‐oriented material classification system considering the material quality character, Quality cost, and Quality influence. Analytic Hierarchy Process helps to make feature selection and classification decision. We use the improved Kraljic Portfolio Matrix to establish the three‐dimensional classification model. The aircraft materials can be divided into eight types, including general type, key type, risk type, and leveraged type. Aiming to improve the classification accuracy of various materials, the algorithm of Support Vector Machine is introduced. Finally, we compare the SVM and BP neural network in the application. The results prove that the SVM algorithm is more efficient and accurate and the quality‐oriented material classification is valuable.
The Role of Perioperative Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography and Biliary Drainage in Large Liver Hydatid Cysts
Authors: Krasniqi A. , Bicaj B. , Limani D. , Maxhuni M. , Rrusta A. , Hoxha F. , Hamza A. , Zejnullahu V. , Sada F. , Hashani S. , Musa R. , Latifi R.
Published: November 2014

Background. The best surgical technique for large liver hydatid cysts (LHCs) has not yet been agreed on. Objectives. The objective of this study was to examine the role of perioperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and biliary drainage in patients with large LHCs. Methods. A 20-year retrospective study of patients with LHCs treated surgically at the University Clinical Center of Kosovo (UCCK). We divided patients into 2 groups based on treatment period: 1981–1990 (Group I) and 2001–2010 (Group II). Demographic characteristics (sex, age), the surgical procedure performed, complications rate, and outcomes were compared. Results. Of the 340 patients in our study, 218 (64.1%) were female with median age of 37 years (range, 17 to 81 years). 71% of patients underwent endocystectomy with partial pericystectomy and omentoplication, 8% total pericystectomy, 18% endocystectomy with capitonnage, and 3% external drainage. In Group I, 10 patients underwent bile duct exploration and T-tube placement; in Group II, 39 patients underwent bile duct exploration and T-tube placement. In addition, 9 patients in Group II underwent perioperative ERCP with papillotomy. The complication rate was 14.32% versus 6.37%, respectively (P=0.001). Conclusion. Perioperative ERCP and biliary drainage significantly decreased the complication rate and improved outcomes in patients with large LHCs.
Comparison of Low Urinary Tract Symptoms during Pregnancy between Primiparous and Multiparous Women
Authors: Lin Kun-Ling , Shen Ching-Ju , Wu Ming-Ping , Long Cheng-Yu , Wu Chin-Hu , Wang Chiu-Lin
Published: November 2014

Background and Purpose.Low urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are a common problem during pregnancy. This study aimed to compare changes in the prevalence of LUTS during pregnancy between primiparous and multiparous women.Methods. A chart review of consecutive pregnant women who attended our antenatal clinic from March 2002 to January 2006 was performed. All of the women were asked to respond to a LUTS questionnaire in either of the three trimesters.Results.Of the 270 women included, 164 were nullipara and 106 were multipara. The most common LUTS during pregnancy were frequency (77%), followed by nocturia (75.6%), stress urinary incontinence (SUI) (51.1%), incomplete emptying (43.7%), dysuria (17.8%), and urgency incontinence (10.4%). There was a significantly higher prevalence of SUI (P<0.001) and urgency incontinence (P=0.005) in the multiparous compared to the nulliparous women. Increasing prevalence rates of frequency, nocturia, SUI, and incomplete emptying were reported with gestational age in both the nulliparous and multiparous women.Conclusions. Frequency and nocturia were the two most common LUTS during pregnancy. The prevalence rates of all LUTS increased with increasing gestational age except for frequency in the nulliparous women during the second trimester. In addition, multipara was a predictor of SUI during pregnancy.
Minimally Invasive Management of Iatrogenic Ureteral Injuries with Ureteroscope Facilitated by Holmium Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet Laser
Authors: Hao Zongyao , Zhang Li , Zhou Jun , Zhang Xiansheng , Shi Haoqiang , Zhang Yifei , Fan Song , Liang Chaozhao
Published: November 2014

The ureter is vulnerable during general, gynecologic, and urologic surgeries. The traditional open surgical approaches to treating the iatrogenic ureteral injuries have shown several disadvantages such as relatively high rate of severe complications. Although the applications of endourological techniques for management of lower ureteral strictures have been routinely introduced over the last 10 years, most of the different modalities were based on the utilization of hydrophilic instruments that can facilitate the traversal of strictures surrounded by the sutures with gradually increasing force. Interestingly, we have revealed the Ho:YAG laser as the outstanding auxiliary approach to incising the sutures during the ureteroscopy for its well-controlled penetration depth, minimal scarring, and precise cutting. As far as we know, the combined utilization of Ho:YAG laser to incise the sutures responsible for the strictures and double J ureteral stent for drainage has not been extensively reported. Normal ureters of the patients managed by this novel approach were shown by the follow-up 3-4 months later, which demonstrated that the available technique was promising to effectively treat the iatrogenic ureteral injuries.
Successful Removal of Giant Intrapericardial Paraganglioma via Posterolateral Thoracotomy
Authors: Yamamoto Yoko , Kodama Ken , Yamato Hiroyuki , Takeda Masashi
Published: November 2014

Intrapericardial paraganglioma remains a surgical challenge because of its hypervascular nature and firm adhesion to adjacent mediastinal structures. Here, we describe a 63-year-old female with a giant nonfunctioning intrapericardial paraganglioma tightly adhered to the left atrium. Marginal but complete resection of the tumor was achieved via right posterolateral thoracotomy. At the time of dissection between the tumor and the left atrial wall, we encountered massive hemorrhage leading to cardiac arrest. We were able to repair the wall laceration with minimal time under an optimal operative field, which avoids air embolism. She was discharged without complications and is currently in good health with no recurrence or metastasis for 15 months. Based on our experience, cardiopulmonary bypass should be considered, if surgeons are able to secure suitable sites for arterial and venous cannulations while right posterolateral thoracotomy is employed.
An Observing System Simulation Experiment for the Western North Pacific Region
Authors: Masuda Shuhei
Published: November 2014

This study investigated the effectiveness of concentrated observations for ocean state estimation in a region remote from the observation site. I executed a twin observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) for the North Pacific region, using an ocean data synthesis system, to examine how the potential effectiveness is for a well-defined criterion, the representativeness of the subsurface salinity minimum corresponding to North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW). The results of the OSSE show that data synthesis confined to the region corresponding to the recent origin of the NPIW (35°N–53°N, 130°E–170°E) can affect the modeled extent of the NPIW in the central Pacific at 35°N, 180°. The interannual variability of the NPIW is not well reproduced in terms of the standard deviation value (std), only by the data input in the origin region. The root mean square difference between the “true” and the synthesized field is twice larger than the std although there the representativeness of the scale of salinity minimum is improved by about one-third of the difference between the “true” and “first-guess” fields in a snapshot. These results imply that combinations of concentrated and other in situ observations should be required for the dynamic state estimation of the NPIW.
On Minimum Wiener Polarity Index of Unicyclic Graphs with Prescribed Maximum Degree
Authors: Ou Jianping , Feng Xing , Liu Saihua
Published: November 2014

The Wiener polarity index of a connected graphGis defined as the number of its pairs of vertices that are at distance three. By introducing some graph transformations, in different way with that of Huang et al., 2013, we determine the minimum Wiener polarity index of unicyclic graphs with any given maximum degree and girth, and characterize extremal graphs. These observations lead to the determination of the minimum Wiener polarity index of unicyclic graphs and the characterization of the extremal graphs.
Aortic Balloon Valvuloplasty Prior to Orthotopic Liver Transplantation: A Novel Approach to Aortic Stenosis and End-Stage Liver Disease
Authors: Coverstone Edward , Korenblat Kevin , Crippin Jeffrey S. , Chapman William C. , Kates Andrew M. , Zajarias Alan
Published: November 2014

The combination of severe aortic stenosis and end-stage liver disease increases the morbidity and mortality of surgical aortic valve replacement or orthotopic liver transplantation resulting in a prohibitive operative risk. We propose a staged approach of balloon aortic valvuloplasty prior to orthotopic liver transplantation as a bridge to definitive aortic valve replacement. Between 2010 and 2012, four patients with severe aortic stenosis and end-stage liver disease underwent staged balloon aortic valvuloplasty followed by orthotopic liver transplantation. All patients had been deemed to be inappropriate candidates for liver transplantation or aortic valve surgery due to their comorbidity. One patient died of complications from a perivalvular abscess. Three patients went on to successful graft implantation and function and surgical recovery. Two of the three patients proceeded to definitive surgical aortic valve replacement with the remainder currently undergoing evaluation. In this case series, we present a novel approach of balloon aortic valvuloplasty prior to liver transplantation as a potential bridge to definitive treatment of severe aortic stenosis in the end-stage liver patient.
Fekete-Szegö Inequalities for Certain Classes of Biunivalent Functions
Authors: Altınkaya Şahsene , Yalçın Sibel
Published: November 2014

We obtain the Fekete-Szegö inequalities for the classes SS,Σ*(α,ϕ) and £S,Σ(α,ϕ) of biunivalent functions denoted by subordination. The results presented in this paper improve the recent work of Crisan (2013).
Data Driven Based Method for Field Information Sensing
Authors: Lei Jing
Published: November 2014

Acquiring the field information on temperature, pressure, concentration, or velocity is crucial for the monitoring of chemical reactors, multiphase flow systems, heat transfer units, atmospheric pollutants diffusion, and underground pollutant migration. In this paper, a dimensionality reduction matrix completion (DRMC) method is proposed for the field information sensing (FIS) of objects of interest from the scattered point measurement data. An objective functional that casts the FIS task as an optimization problem is proposed. An iteration scheme is developed for solving the proposed objective functional. Numerical simulations are implemented to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. It is found that differing from common inverse problems, numerical simulation approaches, and tomography based field measurement methods, in the proposed method the field information can be reconstructed without the knowledge on governing equations of the measurement objects, initial conditions, boundary conditions, and physical properties of materials, except the limited number of the measurement data. As a result, an alternative insight is introduced for the FIS problems.
Determining Risk Factors of Bleeding in Patients on Warfarin Treatment
Authors: Uygungül Evren , Ayrik Cuneyt , Narci Huseyin , Erdoğan Semra , Toker İbrahim , Demir Filiz , Karaaslan Ulas
Published: November 2014

Background. Warfarin is a commonly used oral anticoagulant agent. The most common adverse effects of warfarin are bleeding complications.Methods. We performed a 1-year retrospective chart review of emergency department patients using warfarin. A total of 65 patients with bleeding disorder (study group) and 63 patients without bleeding (control group) were included, making up a total of 128 subjects. Demographic data, frequency of international normalized ratio (INR) checks, and routine blood results were extracted. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine which factors were most closely associated with bleeding complications.Results. Median age was62.0±14.4and61.9±14.5for study group and control group, respectively. Educational status and frequency of INR checks were similar in both groups (P=0.101andP=0.483, resp.). INR levels were higher in the study group (5.45±3.98versus2.63±1.71,P<0.001). Creatinine levels were also higher in the study group (1.14±0.57 mg/dL versus0.94±0.38 mg/dL,P=0.042). Acetylsalicylic acid use was more frequent in the study group and was associated with a 9-fold increase in bleeding complications(P<0.001).Conclusions. High INR levels, high creatinine levels, and acetylsalicylic acid use were associated with bleeding complications in ED patients using warfarin.
Multiple Solutions of Problems in Fluid Mechanics by Predictor Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method
Authors: Alomari A. K. , Anakira N. Ratib , Hashim I.
Published: November 2014

A new algorithm based on the standard optimal homotopy asymptotic method, namely, the predictor optimal homotopy asymptotic method (POHAM), is proposed to predict the multiplicity of the solutions of nonlinear differential equations with boundary conditions. This approach is successfully implemented to obtain multiple solutions of a mixed convection flow model in a vertical channel and a nonlinear model arising in heat transfer. A new technique for obtaining the initial guess to accelerate the convergence of the series solution is presented.
An Ultrasound Mediated Green Synthesis of Benzimidazolylthiounsaturatednitriles Using Water as a Green Solvent
Authors: Rao Sadhu Srinivas , Reddy Chittireddy Venkata Ramana , Dubey Pramod Kumar
Published: November 2014

Reaction of 2-cyanothiomethylbenzimidazole  1 with an aromatic aldehydes in water under ultrasonic irradiation for 10–13 min gave the corresponding unsaturated nitriles 2a–h which is an efficient and simple method under green conditions. The unsaturated nitrile derivatives were obtained in 86–98% yield with a short reaction time without any tedious workup procedures.
A Challenging Case of an Ectopic Cushing Syndrome
Authors: Menezes Nunes Joana , Pinho Elika , Camões Isabel , Maciel João , Cabral Bastos Pedro , Souto de Moura Conceição , Bettencourt Paulo
Published: November 2014

Bronchopulmonary carcinoids are rare pulmonary neoplasms although they account for most cases of ectopic ACTH syndromes. When feasible, the mainstay treatment is surgical resection of the tumor. We report the case of a 52-year-old woman with signs and symptoms suggestive of hypercortisolism for 12 months, admitted to our department because of community acquired pneumonia. Blood hormone analysis showed increased levels of ACTH and urinary free cortisol and nonsuppressibility to high- and low-dose dexamethasone tests. Pituitary MRI showed no lesion and no central-to-peripheral ACTH gradient was present in bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling. CRH stimulation test suggested an ectopic ACTH source. Thoracic CT scan revealed a nodular region measuring 12 mm located in the inferior lingular lobule of the left superior lung with negative uptake by18-FDG-PET scan and negative SRS. The patient was successfully treated with an atypical lung resection and histology revealed an atypical bronchial carcinoid tumor with positive ACTH immunoreactivity. This was an interesting case because the patient was admitted due to pneumonia that may have been associated with her untreated and chronic hypercortisolism and a challenging case of ectopic ACTH syndrome due to conflicting results on the diagnostic exams.
Effect of Thermal Processing on the Nutritional, Antinutritional, and Antioxidant Properties of Tetracarpidium conophorum (African Walnut)
Authors: Arinola S. Olanrewaju , Adesina Kunle
Published: November 2014

The effect of thermal processing (roasting and boiling) on the nutritional, antinutritional, and antioxidant properties of African walnut was studied. Tetracarpidium conophorum (African walnut) was subjected to thermal treatment of roasting (RWIS), boiling with shell (BWIS), and boiling without shell (BWOS). The resulting samples with raw nut (RAAW) which served as control were analysed for proximate composition, antinutritional components, and antioxidant activity. The protein, fat, and ash contents of the samples on dry basis were 29.14%, 54.14%, and 3.32% (RAAW); 24.13%, 61.75%, and 2.77% (BWIS); 22.47%, 62.65%, and 2.16% (BWOS); and 24.25%, 60.52%, and 2.48% (RWIS), respectively. Thermal processing had significant effect on all the proximate principles; boiling and roasting generally reduced the protein and ash contents of the nut. Boiling with or without shell reduced the phytate and tannin contents of the nut while roasting increased the level of these two antinutritional components; walnut boiled without shell however, had the lowest phytate and tannin contents of 0.815 mg/100 g and 0.239 mg/100 g, respectively. The antioxidant activities of the samples were 8.47% (RAAW), 13.82% (BWIS), 14.96% (BWOS), and 7.29% (RWIS). This study reveals that thermal processing has a significant effect on the proximate principles, bioavailability, and antioxidant activity of African walnut.
Genetic Diversity of Parkia biglobosa from Different Agroecological Zones of Nigeria Using RAPD Markers
Authors: Amusa Oluwafemi , Adesoye Adenubi , Ogunkanmi Adebayo , Omoche Ojobo , Olowe Olumayowa , Akinyosoye Solomon , Omodele Taiwo
Published: November 2014

Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) is an important leguminous tree crop in the African Savannahs useful to the natives where it is found, for domestic use. Previous diversity studies on this tree crop had been majorly on morphological and biochemical analysis. In order to capture the maximum diversity not obtained by previous research, the study aimed at evaluating the genetic diversity of accessions of this crop in the different agroecological zones in Nigeria using RAPD markers. A total of 81 scorable bands with an average of 8.1 bands per primer were amplified among the accessions studied. Intrazonal genetic diversity analysis showed a percentage polymorphism with a range of 11.11% to 65.43% among the agroecological zones studied. Although, gene diversity was highest within Humid forest agroecological zone, a low genetic distance and high genetic similarity between the agroecological zones were observed. Cluster analysis indicated six main groups of which four groups had single accessions while the two groups clustered the remaining accessions, indicating a narrowed genetic base from the 23 accessions studied.
High Speed Railway Environment Safety Evaluation Based on Measurement Attribute Recognition Model
Authors: Hu Qizhou , Gao Ningbo , Zhang Bing
Published: November 2014

In order to rationally evaluate the high speed railway operation safety level, the environmental safety evaluation index system of high speed railway should be well established by means of analyzing the impact mechanism of severe weather such as raining, thundering, lightning, earthquake, winding, and snowing. In addition to that, the attribute recognition will be identified to determine the similarity between samples and their corresponding attribute classes on the multidimensional space, which is on the basis of the Mahalanobis distance measurement function in terms of Mahalanobis distance with the characteristics of noncorrelation and nondimensionless influence. On top of the assumption, the high speed railway of China environment safety situation will be well elaborated by the suggested methods. The results from the detailed analysis show that the evaluation is basically matched up with the actual situation and could lay a scientific foundation for the high speed railway operation safety.
Soil Microbial Community Structure Evolution along Halophyte Succession in Bohai Bay Wetland
Authors: Cong Mingyang , Cao Di , Sun Jingkuan , Shi Fuchen
Published: November 2014

It is urgent to recover Bohai Bay costal wetland ecosystem because of covering a large area of severe saline-alkali soil. To explore the relationship between halophyte herbaceous succession and microbial community structure, we chose four local communities which played an important role in improving soil microenvironment. We performed phospholipid fatty acid analysis, measured soil parameters, and evaluated shifts of microbial community structure. Results showed that microbial community structure changed significantly along succession and bacteria community was dominant. Total phospholipid fatty acid content increased in different successional stages but decreased with depth, with similar variations in bacterial and fungal biomass. Soil organic carbon and especially total nitrogen were positively correlated with microbial biomass. Colonization of pioneering salt-tolerant plantsSuaeda glaucain saline-alkali bare land changed total soil microorganism content and composition. These results showed that belowground processes were strongly related with aboveground halophyte succession. Fungal/bacterial ratio, Gram-negative/Gram-positive bacteria ratio, total microbial biomass, and fungi and bacteria content could indicate the degree of succession stages in Bohai Bay wetland ecosystem. And also these findings demonstrated that microbial community biomass and composition evolved along with vegetation succession environmental variables.