bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A simple and fast method for determination of benzocaine and lidocaine in pharmaceutical formulations by capillary electrophoresis with spectrophotometric detection
Authors: Junger Ayandra Santos , de Jesus Francielly Fernanda Souza , Fracassi da Silva José Alberto , Daniel Daniela , de Jesus Dosil Pereira
Published: September 2019

A novel, simple, and rapid method for the determination of the anesthetics benzocaine and lidocaine in pharmaceutical formulations using capillary electrophoresis with spectrophotometric detection (210 nm) is proposed. In this method, the sample preparation was fast and simple, using only aqueous dilution or extraction with sonication aid. A background electrolyte composed by 10 mmol L ‐1 of monosodium phosphate with pH 2.1 allowed the separation of the anesthetics with good peak resolution in less than 5 min. The limits of quantification were 0.31 and 0.68 mg L−1 for lidocaine and benzocaine, respectively. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions (RSD%) ranged from 1.1 to 4.8% and the accuracies (as recovery percentage) varied from 84 to 109.4%. The proposed method was successfully applied for analyses of commercial samples of pharmaceutical formulations, such as otologic solution, ointment, and spray solution and lozenges for sore throat.
Social interaction with visitors: mobile guide robots capable of offering a museum tour
Authors: Yousuf Mohammad Abu , Kobayashi Yoshinori , Kuno Yoshinori , Yamazaki Keiichi , Yamazaki Akiko
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this study is to develop a mobile museum guide (MG) robot capable of creating and controlling spatial formations with visitors in different situations. Although much research has already been conducted in the area of nonverbal communication between guide robots and humans, the creation and controlling of spatial formations with multiple visitors is a fundamental function for MG robots that remains unexplored. Drawing upon psychological and sociological studies on the spatial relationships between humans, it is evident that to be effective MG robots should also possess the capability to create and control spatial formations in various situations. A MG robot needs to establish a spatial formation to initiate interaction with the visitors; a spatial formation is a prerequisite before the robot can begin explaining an exhibit. Moreover, the guide robot must be able to identify interested bystanders and invite them into an ongoing explanation session, necessitating a reconfiguring of the spatial formation. Finally, the robot must be able to do this while continuing to explain multiple exhibits in a cohesive fashion. To devise a system capable of meeting these needs, we began by observing and videotaping scenes of actual museum galleries. Based on analyzing these data, we found that MG creates spatial formation with the visitors in a systematic way. We then developed a mobile robot system able to create and control spatial formations while guiding multiple visitors. A particle filter framework is employed to track the visitors' positions and body orientations and the orientations of their heads. We then evaluated the guide robot system in a series of experiments that focused on different situations where a guide robot creates a spatial formation with visitors. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Gaugino condensation and small uplifts in KKLT
Authors: Carta Federico , Moritz Jakob , Westphal Alexander
Published: September 2019

Abstract

In the first part of this note we argue that ten dimensional consistency requirements in the form of a certain tadpole cancellation condition can be satisfied by KKLT type vacua of type IIB string theory. We explain that a new term of non-local nature is generated dynamically once supersymmetry is broken and ensures cancellation of the tadpole. It can be interpreted as the stress caused by the restoring force that the stabilization mechanism exerts on the volume modulus. In the second part, we explain that it is surprisingly difficult to engineer sufficiently long warped throats to prevent decom-pactification which are also small enough in size to fit into the bulk Calabi-Yau (CY). We give arguments that achieving this with reasonable amount of control may not be possible in generic CY compactifications while CYs with very non-generic geometrical properties might evade our conclusion.
NLO corrections to h → b$$ \overline{b} $$ decay in SMEFT
Authors: Cullen Jonathan M. , Pecjak Benjamin D. , Scott Darren J.
Published: September 2019

Abstract

We calculate the full set of next-to-leading order (NLO) corrections to h → b

$$ \overline{b} $$

b
¯

decay in the dimension-6 Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). Our calculation forms the basis for precision studies of this decay mode in effective field theory, providing analytic and numerical results for contributions of the 45 dimension-6 operators appearing at NLO. On the technical side, we discuss several complications in NLO SMEFT computations which have not yet been addressed in the literature. These include subtleties in Higgs-Z mixing, electric charge renormalization, and especially the treatment of tadpoles in SMEFT. In particular, we highlight the role of decoupling relations in eliminating potentially large tadpole corrections to the decay rate in hybrid renormalization schemes which employ the

$$ \overline{\mathrm{MS}} $$

MS
¯

scheme for some Standard Model parameters (such as the b-quark mass and electric charge) and the on-shell scheme for others.
Clergy Working outside of Congregations, 1976–2018
Authors: Schleifer Cyrus , Cadge Wendy
Published: September 2019

Changes in the American religious landscape have affected the professional religious labor force in the United States. These changes may be leading clergy to work for multiple congregations (Robbins and Francis in J Empir Theol 27(2):261–280, 2014 ), in multiple occupations (Chang, in: Carroll (ed) Pulpit & pew: research on pastoral leadership, Duke Divinity School, Durham, 2004 ), and/or to seek out clergy work outside of congregations (Chang and Bompadre in J Sci Study Relig 38(3):398–410, 1999 ). Focusing on the latter, this study addresses the research questions: What are the patterns and demographics of non-congregational clergy and how have these patterns changed over time? Using national-level data, we present the first large-scale mapping of clergy working outside of congregations over the past 42 years. We observe that non-congregational clergy are more likely to be women, live in cities, and have an advanced degree. Moreover, clergy in non-traditional types of family structure are more likely to find clergy work outside of congregations compared to clergy living in a nuclear family. We suggest several factors that might account for these differences.
Editorial
Authors: Barrett Steve
Published: September 2019

Reports on hydrogen energy and fuel cell strategies provide a valuable insight – and sometimes oversight – into how regions, countries and industries are planning to bring about a hydrogen-powered, zero-emissions society.
Optimality of refraction strategies for a constrained dividend problem
Authors: Junca Mauricio , Moreno-Franco Harold A. , Pérez José Luis , Yamazaki Kazutoshi
Published: September 2019

We consider de Finetti’s problem for spectrally one-sided Lévy risk models with control strategies that are absolutely continuous with respect to the Lebesgue measure. Furthermore, we consider the version with a constraint on the time of ruin. To characterize the solution to the aforementioned models, we first solve the optimal dividend problem with a terminal value at ruin and show the optimality of threshold strategies. Next, we introduce the dual Lagrangian problem and show that the complementary slackness conditions are satisfied, characterizing the optimal Lagrange multiplier. Finally, we illustrate our findings with a series of numerical examples.
Fish consumption and risk of incident dementia in elderly Japanese: the Ohsaki cohort 2006 study
Authors: Tsurumaki Nozomu , Zhang Shu , Tomata Yasutake , Abe Saho , Sugawara Yumi , Matsuyama Sanae , Tsuji Ichiro
Published: September 2019

Fish harbour many types of nutrients that are beneficial for preventing cognitive decline. Therefore, habitual fish intake might contribute to a lower risk of incident dementia. However, few prospective cohort studies have investigated fish consumption in relation to incident dementia, and their findings have been inconsistent. To investigate the association between fish consumption and the risk of incident dementia, we collected data on the consumption of fish and other foods using an FFQ in a baseline survey of individuals aged ≥65 years living in Ohsaki City, Japan. After 5·7 years of follow-up, the incidence of dementia was 1118 (8·5 %) among 13 102 participants. We then used a multivariate-adjusted Cox model to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI. Compared with subjects with the lowest fish intake (Q1), the multivariate HR were 0·90 (95 % CI 0·74, 1·11) for Q2, 0·85 (95 % CI 0·73, 0·99) for Q3 and 0·84 (95 % CI 0·71, 0·997) for Q4 (Ptrend = 0·029). Such associations were also observed even after excluding participants who were diagnosed with dementia in the first 2 years of follow-up and those who had poorer cognitive function at baseline. In conclusion, an association was observed between higher fish consumption and a lower risk of incident dementia among healthy elderly people without disability. These findings suggest that habitual fish intake may be beneficial for the prevention of dementia.
Abnormalities of the late positive potential during emotional processing in individuals with psychopathic traits: a meta-analysis
Authors: Vallet William , Hone-Blanchet Antoine , Brunelin Jerome
Published: September 2019

Background

Individuals with psychopathic traits display deficits in emotional processing. A key event-related potential component involved in emotional processing is the late positive potential (LPP). In healthy controls, LPP amplitude is greater in response to negative stimuli than to positive or neutral stimuli. In the current study, we aimed to compare LPP amplitudes between individuals with psychopathic traits and control subjects when presented with negative, positive or neutral stimuli. We hypothesized that LPP amplitude evoked by emotional stimuli would be reduced in individuals with psychopathic traits compared to healthy controls.

Methods

After a systematic review of the literature, we conducted a meta-analysis to compare LPP amplitude elicited by emotional stimuli in individuals with psychopathic traits and healthy controls.

Results

Individuals with psychopathic traits showed significantly reduced LPP amplitude evoked by negative stimuli (mean effect size = −0.47; 95% CI −0.60 to −0.33; p < 0.005) compared to healthy controls. No significant differences between groups were observed for the processing of positive (mean effect size = −0.15; 95% CI −0.42 to 0.12; p = 0.28) and neutral stimuli (mean effect size = −0.12; 95% CI 0.31 to 0.07; p = 0.21).

Conclusions

Measured by LPP amplitude, individuals with psychopathic traits displayed abnormalities in the processing of emotional stimuli with negative valence whereas processing of stimuli with positive and neutral valence was unchanged as compared with healthy controls.
STRICT MORAL LIABILITY
Authors: Capes Justin A.
Published: September 2019

Strict liability in tort law is thought by some to have a moral counterpart. In this essay I attempt to determine whether there is, in fact, strict liability in the moral domain. I argue that there is, and I critically evaluate several accounts of its normative foundations before suggesting one of my own.
THE HEART OF LIBERTARIANISM: FUNDAMENTALITY AND THE WILL
Authors: Franklin Christopher Evan
Published: September 2019

It is often claimed that libertarianism offers an unattractive conception of free will and moral responsibility because it renders free agency inexplicable and irrational. This essay aims, first, to show that the soundness of these objections turns on more basic disagreements concerning the ideals of free agency and, second, to develop and motivate a truly libertarian conception of the ideals of free agency. The central contention of the essay is that the heart of libertarians’ ideal of free agency is the ideal of agential fundamentality.
Beyond Measures of Central Tendency: Novel Methods to Examine Sex Differences in Neuropsychological Performance Following Sports-Related Concussion in Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Merritt Victoria C. , Greenberg Liora S. , Guty Erin , Bradson Megan L. , Rabinowitz Amanda R. , Arnett Peter A.
Published: September 2019

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to examine sex differences in neuropsychological functioning after sports-related concussion using several approaches to assess cognition: mean performance, number of impaired scores, and intraindividual variability (IIV).

Method:

In the study, 152 concussed college athletes were administered a battery of neuropsychological tests, on average, 10 days post-concussion (SD= 12.75;Mdn= 4 days;Range= 0–72 days). Mean performance was evaluated across 18 individual neuropsychological variables, and the total number of impaired test scores (>1.5SDbelow the mean) was calculated for each athlete. Two measures of IIV were also computed: an intraindividual standard deviation (ISD) score and a maximum discrepancy (MD) score.

Results:

Analyses of covariance revealed that, compared with males, females had significantly more impaired scores and showed greater variability on both IIV indices (ISD and MD scores) after adjusting for time since injury and post-concussive symptoms. In contrast, no significant effects of sex were found when examining mean neuropsychological performance.

Conclusion:

Although females and males demonstrated similar mean performance following concussion, females exhibited a greater level of cognitive impairment and larger inconsistencies in cognitive performance than males. These results suggest that evaluating cognitive indices beyond mean neuropsychological scores may provide valuable information when determining the extent of post-concussion cognitive dysfunction.
INFLATION AND GROWTH: A NON-MONOTONIC RELATIONSHIP IN AN INNOVATION-DRIVEN ECONOMY
Authors: Zheng Zhijie , Huang Chien-Yu , Yang Yibai
Published: September 2019

This paper investigates the effects of monetary policy on long-run economic growth via different cash-in-advance (CIA) constraints on R&D in a Schumpeterian growth model with vertical and horizontal innovations. The relationship between inflation and growth is contingent on the relative extents of CIA constraints and diminishing returns to two types of innovation. This model can generate a mixed (monotonic or non-monotonic) relationship between inflation and growth, given that the relative strength of monetary effects on growth between different CIA constraints and that of R&D-labor-reallocation effects between different diminishing returns vary with the nominal interest rate. In the empirically relevant case where horizontal R&D is subject to larger diminishing returns than vertical R&D, inflation and growth can exhibit an inverted-U relationship when the CIA constraint on horizontal R&D is sufficiently larger than that on vertical R&D. Finally, we calibrate the model to the US economy and find that the growth-maximizing rate of inflation is around 2.4%, which is consistent with the recent empirical estimates.
Large‐Scale Horizontally Enhanced Sodium Layers Coobserved in the Midlatitude Region of China
Authors: Ma Ju , Xue Xianghui , Dou Xiankang , Chen Tingdi , Tang Yihuan , Jia Mingjiao , Zou Zicheng , Li Tao , Fang Xin , Cheng Xuewu , Sun Shuji
Published: September 2019

We report 19 coobserved enhanced sodium layers, including sporadic sodium layers (SSLs) and thermospheric enhanced sodium layers (TeSLs), over Hefei (31.8°N, 117.3°E) and Wuhan (30.5°N, 114.4°E) from 2011 to 2018. The total coobservation time at Hefei and Wuhan was 387.24 hr, and the average occurrence rates were 0.038 hr−1 and 0.028 hr−1 for the SSLs and TeSLs, respectively. The SSL and TeSL occurrence rates in summer were 0.078 and 0.039 hr−1, respectively, which were considerably higher than those in other seasons. Among all 19 cases, 16 cases, including 9 SSL cases and 7 TeSL cases, occurred almost simultaneously over Hefei and Wuhan without a time delay. Seven TeSLs and four out of the nine SSLs were accompanied by ionospheric sporadic E (Es), suggesting that an “Es‐SSL (TeSL)” chain formed via the wave‐induced wind shear mechanism. Three SSLs were modulated by waves and the two other cases were related with gravity wave overturning. In general, the correlation coefficients between Hefei and Wuhan for long‐duration cases (more than 2 hr) were high due to some large‐scale mechanism, and the short‐duration cases (less than 2 hr) had poor correlation due to different local characteristics. In addition, three cases were observed with an apparent time delay over Hefei and Wuhan, which might indicate the possible existence of long‐distance transport processes.
Spectral Signature of the Biosphere: NISTAR Finds It in Our Solar System From the Lagrangian L‐1 Point
Authors: Carlson Barbara , Lacis Andrew , Colose Christopher , Marshak Alexander , Su Wenying , Lorentz Steven
Published: September 2019

NISTAR, aboard the DSCOVR spacecraft, is one of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's energy budget instruments designed to measure the seasonal changes in Earth's total outgoing radiation from a unique vantage point at the Lagrangian L‐1 point a million miles from Earth. Global radiation energy balance measurements are important constraints for climate models, but are difficult measurements to quantify. CERES data offer the best current observational constraints, but need extensive modeling to get global energy. NISTAR observes the entire dayside hemisphere of the Earth as a single pixel, splitting the shortwave radiation into broadband visible and near‐infrared components (analogous to the narrowband spectral ratios used to define vegetation indices). This spectral partitioning at the 0.7‐μm vegetation red edge offers unique constraints on climate model spectral treatment of cloud and surface albedos. Moreover, NISTAR's unique viewing geometry amounts to observing the Earth as an exoplanet, which opens a new perspective on exoplanet observations.
Explanation for the Increase in High‐Altitude Water on Mars Observed by NOMAD During the 2018 Global Dust Storm
Authors: Neary L. , Daerden F. , Aoki S. , Whiteway J. , Clancy R. T. , Smith M. , Viscardy S. , Erwin J.T. , Thomas I. R. , Villanueva G. , Liuzzi G. , Crismani M. , Wolff M. , Lewis S. R. , Holmes J. A. , Patel M. R. , Giuranna M. , Depiesse C. , Piccialli A. , Robert S. , Trompet L. , Willame Y. , Ristic B. , Vandaele A. C.
Published: September 2019

The Nadir and Occultation for MArs Discovery (NOMAD) instrument on board ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter measured a large increase in water vapor at altitudes in the range of 40–100 km during the 2018 global dust storm on Mars. Using a three‐dimensional general circulation model, we examine the mechanism responsible for the enhancement of water vapor in the upper atmosphere. Experiments with different prescribed vertical profiles of dust show that when more dust is present higher in the atmosphere, the temperature increases, and the amount of water ascending over the tropics is not limited by saturation until reaching heights of 70–100 km. The warmer temperatures allow more water to ascend to the mesosphere. Photochemical simulations show a strong increase in high‐altitude atomic hydrogen following the high‐altitude water vapor increase by a few days.
The Wavelength‐Dependent Complex Refractive Index of Hygroscopic Aerosol Particles and Other Aqueous Media: An Effective Oscillator Model
Authors: Bain Alison , Rafferty Aidan , Preston Thomas C.
Published: September 2019

We present an effective oscillator model for the wavelength‐dependent complex refractive index of weakly absorbing aqueous solutions. The model is derived using the causal connection between the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index that is described through the Kramers‐Kronig relation. Using cavity‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy, we measure both the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index of several aqueous solutions whose optical properties are relevant to seawater, aqueous sea‐salt particles, and aqueous organic aerosol. It is demonstrated that the effective oscillator model accurately describes both the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index of aqueous solutions across a wide range of water activities and optical wavelengths. Finally, through a comparison with measurements, we verify that mixing rule calculations utilizing oscillator parameters from solutions containing a single solute and water can be used to predict the optical properties of aqueous solutions containing multiple solutes.
Nonlinear Response of Extreme Precipitation to Warming in CESM1
Authors: Pendergrass A. G. , Coleman D. B. , Deser C. , Lehner F. , Rosenbloom N. , Simpson I. R.
Published: September 2019

The response of extreme precipitation to warming varies widely among climate models, especially in the tropics. In some models, there have been indications that the rate of response increases with warming—that the response is not linear. We investigate the evolution of extreme precipitation, quantified by the maximum accumulated precipitation in a day each year, in CESM1. We find that tropical‐ and global‐average extreme precipitation is related to global‐mean surface temperature quadratically. This behavior is associated with an increase in the large‐scale fraction of extreme precipitation and also strengthening circulation on extreme precipitation days. Compared to other CMIP5 models, the nonlinearity in CESM1 is among the largest. One implication is that the difference between CESM1 simulations with full forcing and with fixed aerosols cannot be used to isolate the response of extreme precipitation to aerosols, as the resulting climates are not equally warm.
Mesoscale Convection Structures Associated With Airglow Patches Characterized Using Cluster‐Imager Conjunctions
Authors: Goodwin L. V. , Nishimura Y. , Zou Y. , Shiokawa K. , Jayachandran P. T.
Published: September 2019

Polar cap ionospheric plasma flow studies often focus on large‐scale averaged properties and neglect the mesoscale component. However, recent studies have shown that mesoscale flows are often found to be collocated with airglow patches. These mesoscale flows are typically a few hundred meters per second faster than the large‐scale background and are associated with major auroral intensifications when they reach the poleward boundary of the nightside auroral oval. Patches often also contain ionospheric signatures of enhanced field‐aligned currents and localized electron flux enhancements, indicating that patches are associated with magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling on open field lines. However, magnetospheric measurements of this coupling are lacking, and it has not been understood what the magnetospheric signatures of patches on open field lines are. The work presented here explores the magnetospheric counterpart of patches and the role these structures have in plasma transport across the open field‐line region in the magnetosphere. Using red‐line emission measurements from the Resolute Bay Optical Mesosphere Thermosphere Imager, and magnetospheric measurements made by the Cluster spacecraft, conjugate events from 2005 to 2009 show that lobe measurements on field lines connected to patches display (1) electric field enhancements, (2) Region 1 sense field‐aligned currents, (3) field‐aligned enhancements in soft electron flux, (4) downward Poynting fluxes, and (5) in some cases enhancements in ion flux, including ion outflows. These observations indicate that patches highlight a localized fast flow channel system that is driven by the magnetosphere and propagates from the dayside to the nightside, most likely being initiated by enhanced localized dayside reconnection.
Implications of Reactions Between SO2 and Basaltic Glasses for the Mineralogy of Planetary Crusts
Authors: Renggli Christian J. , Palm Andrew B. , King Penelope L. , Guagliardo Paul
Published: September 2019

Basalts are ubiquitous in volcanic systems on several planetary bodies, including the Earth, Mars, Venus, and Jupiter's moon Io, and are commonly associated with sulfur dioxide (SO2) degassing. We present the results of an experimental study of reactions between SO2 and basaltic glasses. We examined Fe‐free basalt, and Fe‐bearing tholeiitic and alkali basalts with a range of Fe3+/Fetotal (0.05 to 0.79) that encompass the oxygen fugacities proposed for most terrestrial planetary bodies. Tholeiitic and alkali basalts were exposed to SO2 at 600, 700, and 800 °C for 1 hr and 24 hr. Surface coatings formed on the reacted basalts; these contain CaSO4, MgSO4, Na2SO4, Na2Ca(SO4)2, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, Fe‐Ti‐(Al)‐oxides, and TiO2. Additionally, the SO2‐basalt reaction drives nucleation of crystalline phases in the substrate to form pyroxenes and possible Fe‐oxides. A silica‐rich layer forms between the substrate and sulfate coatings. More oxidized basalts may readily react with SO2 to form coatings dominated by large Ca‐sulfate and oxide grains. On less oxidized basalts (NNO−1.5 to NNO−5), reactions with SO2 will form thin, fine‐grained aggregates of sulfates; such materials are less readily detected by spectroscopy and spectrometry techniques. In contrast, in very reduced basalts (lower than NNO−5), typical of the Moon and Mercury, SO2 is typically a negligible component in the magmatic gas, and sulfides are more likely.
Major Ice Sheet Change in the Weddell Sea Sector of West Antarctica Over the Last 5,000 Years
Authors: Siegert Martin J. , Kingslake Jonathan , Ross Neil , Whitehouse Pippa L. , Woodward John , Jamieson Stewart S. R. , Bentley Michael J. , Winter Kate , Wearing Martin , Hein Andrew S. , Jeofry Hafeez , Sugden David E.
Published: September 2019

Until recently, little was known about the Weddell Sea sector of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. In the last 10 years, a variety of expeditions and numerical modelling experiments have improved knowledge of its glaciology, glacial geology and tectonic setting. Two of the sector's largest ice streams rest on a steep reverse‐sloping bed yet, despite being vulnerable to change, satellite observations show contemporary stability. There is clear evidence for major ice sheet reconfiguration in the last few thousand years, however. Knowing precisely how and when the ice sheet has changed in the past would allow us to better understand whether it is now at risk. Two competing hypotheses have been established for this glacial history. In one, the ice sheet retreated and thinned progressively from its Last Glacial Maximum position. Retreat stopped at, or very near, the present position in the Late Holocene. Alternatively, in the Late Holocene, the ice sheet retreated significantly upstream of its present grounding line and then advanced to today's location due to glacial isostatic adjustment and ice shelf and ice rise buttressing. Both hypotheses point to data and theory in their support yet neither has been unequivocally tested or falsified. Here we review geophysical evidence to determine how each hypothesis has been formed, where there are inconsistencies in the respective glacial histories, how they may be tested or reconciled, and what new evidence is required to reach a common model for the Late Holocene ice sheet history of the Weddell Sea sector of West Antarctica.
The Ordovician Grampian Orogeny, Western Ireland: Obduction Versus “Bulldozing” During Arc‐Continent Collision
Authors: Ryan P. D. , Dewey J. F.
Published: September 2019

The Grampian Orogeny of western Ireland was formed during the mid‐Ordovician Grampian‐Taconic collision between a 5,600‐km system of oceanic arcs and the Laurentian margin. It is remarkable in that it preserves a complete sedimentary record of the arc‐continent collision process in the South Mayo Trough, which can be linked with deformation and metamorphism in the Dalradian sediments of the Laurentian margin and with the geochemical evolution of the colliding arc. The 1,650‐km‐long northern section of the Grampian‐Taconic allochthon records obduction of ophiolites, forearc, and arc during this event. We review factors that control the tectonic evolution of arc‐continent collision orogens and argue such obduction requires a ridge to intersect the arc and forearc a short period (probably ~10 my) before collision with a hyperextended, thermally mature margin. We propose that where such circumstances do not exist, the arc can either thrust over or “bulldoze” the margin. In the case of thrusting, the suture would dip moderately, and arc activity may continue during collision. A bulldozing arc produces a steep suture, and deformation is concentrated in the margin. Short‐lived Barrovian‐style metamorphism in the sediments of the margin is more likely when obduction occurs.
Eribulin rapidly inhibits TGF-β-induced Snail expression and can induce Slug expression in a Smad4-dependent manner
Authors: Kaul Roma , Risinger April L. , Mooberry Susan L.
Published: September 2019

Background

Evidence shows that the anticancer effects of microtubule targeting agents are not due solely to their antimitotic activities but also their ability to impair microtubule-dependent oncogenic signalling.

Methods

The effects of microtubule targeting agents on regulators of TGF-β-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were evaluated in breast cancer cell lines using high content imaging, gene and protein expression, siRNA-mediated knockdown and chromatin immunoprecipitation.

Results

Microtubule targeting agents rapidly and differentially alter the expression of Snail and Slug, key EMT-promoting transcription factors in breast cancer. Eribulin, vinorelbine and in some cases, ixabepalone, but not paclitaxel, inhibited TGF-β-mediated Snail expression by impairing the microtubule-dependent nuclear localisation of Smad2/3. In contrast, eribulin and vinorelbine promoted a TGF-β-independent increase in Slug in cells with low Smad4. Mechanistically, microtubule depolymerisation induces c-Jun, which consequently increases Slug expression in cells with low Smad4.

Conclusion

These results identify a mechanism by which eribulin-mediated microtubule disruption could reverse EMT in preclinical models and in patients. Furthermore, high Smad4 levels could serve as a biomarker of this response. This study highlights that microtubule targeting drugs can exert distinct effects on the expression of EMT-regulating transcription factors and that identifying differences among these drugs could lead to their more rational use.
C-SH2 point mutation converts p85β regulatory subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase to an anti-aging gene
Authors: Kano Yoshio , Hiragami Fukumi , Motoda Hirotoshi , Akiyama Junichi , Koike Yoshihisa , Gomita Yutaka , Inoue Shigeki , Kawaura Akihiko , Furuta Tomohisa , Kawamura Kenji
Published: September 2019

Insulin interacts with the insulin receptor, and the activated receptor promotes activity of the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) enzyme. A decrease in insulin or insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling increases the lifespan in mammalian species. We found that a point mutation in the C-SH2 domain of the p85β regulatory subunit of PI3K results in a prolonged lifespan. In p85β mutant cells, nerve growth factor (NGF) activates the longevity protein FOXO, and the mutant p85β gene produces strong resistance to oxidative stress, which contributes to aging. The p85β gene mutation causes increased serum insulin and low blood glucose in p85β mutant transgenic mice. Our results indicate that the p85β mutant allele alters the activity of downstream targets of PI3K by NGF and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) but not by insulin. We report that a point mutation in the C-SH2 domain of p85β transforms p85β into a novel anti-aging gene by abnormally regulating PI3K.
Antimicrobial action of autologous platelet-rich plasma on MRSA-infected skin wounds in dogs
Authors: Farghali Haithem A. , AbdElKader Naglaa A. , AbuBakr Huda O. , Aljuaydi Samira H. , Khattab Marwa S. , Elhelw Rehab , Elhariri Mahmoud
Published: September 2019

Effective antimicrobial preparations, other than antibiotics, are important for the treatment of potentially fatal drug-resistant infections. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the leading causes of hospital-acquired and post- operative infections. Fortunately, the antimicrobial properties of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) against various microorganisms enable its potential use as an alternative to conventional antibiotics. The present work was designed to evaluate the hypothesized antimicrobial activity of PRP against MRSA infected skin wounds. Six adult male dogs were divided equally into control and PRP groups. Unilateral circular full-thickness skin wounds were created then a MRSA suspension was injected locally. Treatment started at 1st week post infection with subcutaneous infiltration of autologous activated PRP every week in the PRP group and with topical application of clindamycin cream twice daily in the control group. PRP decreased wound size and significantly increased wound contractility and re-epithelization, as confirmed by histopathological and immunohistochemical findings. Also PRP treated group showed significant decrease in ROS and redox imbalance with over expression of the TNF-α and VEGFA genes that indicate angiogenesis and maximum antibacterial activity after three weeks. In conclusion, CaCl2-activated PRP exhibited antimicrobial activity against MRSA infection, which improved the infected wound healing re-epithelization and granulation tissue formation.
The pathohistological subtype strongly predicts survival in patients with ampullary carcinoma
Authors: Zimmermann Carolin , Wolk Steffen , Aust Daniela E. , Meier Frieder , Saeger Hans-Detlev , Ehehalt Florian , Weitz Jürgen , Welsch Thilo , Distler Marius
Published: September 2019

Ampullary cancer represents approximately 6% of the malignant periampullary tumors. An early occurrence of symptoms leads to a 5-year survival rate after curative surgery of 30 to 67%. In addition to the tumor stage, the immunohistological subtypes appear to be important for postoperative prognosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the different subtypes regarding their prognostic relevance. A total of 170 patients with ampullary cancer were retrospectively analyzed between 1999 until 2016 after pancreatic resection. Patients were grouped according to their pathohistological subtype of ampullary cancer (pancreatobiliary, intestinal, mixed). Characteristics among the groups were analyzed using univariate and multivariate models. Survival probability was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method. An exact subtyping was possible in 119 patients. A pancreatobiliary subtype was diagnosed in 69 patients (58%), intestinal in 41 patients (34.5%), and a mixed subtype in 9 patients (7.6%). Survival analysis showed a significantly worse 5-year survival rate for the pancreatobiliary subtype compared with the intestinal subtype (27.5% versus 61%, p < 0.001). The mean overall survival of patients with pancreatobiliary, intestinal, and mixed subtype was 52.5, 115 and 94.7 months, respectively (p < 0.001). The pathohistological subtypes of ampullary cancer allows a prediction of the postoperative prognosis.
Photon-noise-limited cold-electron bolometer based on strong electron self-cooling for high-performance cosmology missions
Authors: Kuzmin L. S. , Pankratov A. L. , Gordeeva A. V. , Zbrozhek V. O. , Shamporov V. A. , Revin L. S. , Blagodatkin A. V. , Masi S. , de Bernardis P.
Published: September 2019

Bolometers for balloon and space missions have seen extensive development because of their capacity to test primordial conditions of the Universe. The major improvements consist in lowering the operating temperature to reach higher sensitivities. Here we show that an array of 192 cold-electron bolometers (CEB) demonstrates photon-noise-limited operation at the cryostat temperature of 310 mK due to effective self-cooling of the absorber. The direct electron cooling of nanoabsorber placed between normal metal - insulator - superconductor junctions has considerably higher efficiency than indirect cooling through massive suspended platform, that requires overcoming a weak electron-phonon conductance. The electron temperature reached 120 mK without a power load, and 225 mK with a 60 pW power load with self-noise of a single bolometer below $$3\cdot 1{0}^{-18}\ {\rm{W}}\ {{\rm{Hz}}}^{-1/2}$$3⋅10−18WHz−1∕2 at a 0.01 pW power load. This bolometer works at electron temperature less than phonon temperature, thus being a good candidate for future space missions without the use of dilution refrigerators.
A paper microfluidics-based fluorescent lateral flow immunoassay for point-of-care diagnostics of non-communicable diseases
Authors: Natarajan Satheesh , Su Fengmei , Jayaraj Joseph , Shah Malay I. Iesh , Huang Youju
Published: September 2019

An easy-to-use, low-cost and portable fluorescent lateral flow immunoassay based on paper microfluidics was developed for the point-of-care diagnosis of non-communicable diseases.
A sensitive lanthanide label array method for rapid fingerprint analysis of plant polyphenols based on time-resolved luminescence
Authors: Saha Sanjib , Imran Iqbal Bin
Published: September 2019

For the first time, a novel lanthanide label array method was developed for rapid fingerprint analysis of plant polyphenols in a high throughput format.
Probing the limits of Q-tag bioconjugation of antibodies
Authors: Marculescu Cristina , Lakshminarayanan Abirami , Gault Joseph , Knight James C. , Folkes Lisa K. , Spink Thomas , Robinson Carol V. , Vallis Katherine , Davis Benjamin G. , Cornelissen Bart
Published: September 2019

Precise analyses reveal that, while useful in reducing heterogeneity, the use of TGases in site-selective Ab modification may still create unwanted ‘off-site’ conjugates.
Ratiometric two-photon fluorescent probe for in situ imaging of carboxylesterase (CE)-mediated mitochondrial acidification during medication
Authors: Jiang Ao , Chen Guang , Xu Jie , Liu Yuxia , Zhao Guanghui , Liu Zhenjun , Chen Tao , Li Yulin , James Tony D.
Published: September 2019

A probe for imaging of mitochondrial carboxylesterase and pH has been developed for the visualization of carboxylesterase-mediated acidification in hepatoma cells and hepatic tissues during the administration of antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drugs.
Hollow-sphere iron oxides exhibiting enhanced cycling performance as lithium-ion battery anodes
Authors: Ren Qingqing , Zhang Yaping , Liu Chang , Han Yi , Wang Zhenbo , Lin Zhan
Published: September 2019

Hollow-sphere Fe2O3 is synthesized as a lithium-ion battery anode.
Enhanced electrochemical CO2 reduction selectivity by application of self-assembled polymer microparticles to a silver electrode
Authors: Sakamoto Naonari , Arai Takeo
Published: September 2019

The self-assembled PS-modified Ag electrodes increased the selectivity for CO2 reduction to CO and inhibited H2 generation.
In situ condensation of an anti-cancer drug into fibrin gel enabling effective inhibition of tumor cell growth
Authors: Kuwahara Masayasu , Fujita Hiroto , Kataoka Yuka , Nakajima Yasuyo , Yamada Masanobu , Sugimoto Naoki
Published: September 2019

Efficient anti-cancer drug condensation enabled equally inhibiting cell proliferation even at a concentration of 7.6 ± 0.36 nM, which was approximately 170-fold lower than the standard therapeutic concentrations of camptothecin (CPT) drugs.
Amphiphilic multi-charged cyclodextrins and vitamin K co-assembly as a synergistic coagulant
Authors: Li Pei-yu , Chen Yong , Chen Chang-hui , Liu Yu
Published: September 2019

Amphiphilic multi-charged cyclodextrin (AMCD) and vitamin K (VK) co-assembly for heparin neutralization & vitamin K supplementation synergistic coagulation.
Chemical epitaxy of a new orthorhombic phase of Cu2−xS on GaAs
Authors: Friedman Ofir , Braun Dor , Maman Nitzan , Ezersky Vladimir , Golan Yuval
Published: September 2019

Chemical epitaxy of copper sulfide thin films on GaAs resulted in a previously unreported base-centered orthorhombic phase of Cu2−xS.
Synthesis, luminescence and application of novel europium, cerium and terbium-doped apatite phosphors
Authors: Dong Langping , Zhang Liang , Jia Yongchao , Shao Baiqi , Lü Wei , Zhao Shuang , You Hongpeng
Published: September 2019

Novel La8Ba2(Si4P2O22N2)O2:Eu2+/Ce3+/Tb3+ apatite phosphors with tuneable light-emission have been developed.
Ab initio molecular dynamics simulation of vibrational energy redistribution of selective excitation of C–H stretching vibrations for solid nitromethane
Authors: Lu Meilin , Zheng Zhaoyang , Zhu Gangbei , Yu Guoyang , Song Yunfei , Yang Yanqiang
Published: September 2019

Vibrational energy redistribution after selective excitation in nitromethane was simulated by ab initio molecular dynamics which could be directly compared with the 3D IR-Raman spectra, and provide more information of the internal mechanism.
Magnon-driven interfacial magnetoelectric coupling in Co/PMN-PT multiferroic heterostructures
Authors: Zhou Cai , Zhang Mingfang , Feng Cunfang , Xu Mingyao , Wang Shengxiang , Jiang Changjun
Published: September 2019

Magnon-driven interfacial magnetoelectric coupling in Co/PMN-PT multiferroic heterostructures is investigated at room temperature.
Rationally designed trimetallic Prussian blue analogues on LDH/Ni foam for high performance supercapacitors
Authors: Chen Chen , Wang Shi-Cheng , Xiong Dengke , Gu Minli , Yi Fei-Yan
Published: September 2019

A series of PBA@NiCo-LDH/NF samples have been successfully fabricated by a facile and in situ method, and they show exciting electrochemical performance as supercapacitor electrodes with an area specific capacitance of 2004.26 mF cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2.
Mn-doped CoSe2 nanosheets as high-efficiency catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Wei Binbin , Yao Pengcheng , Tang Guisheng , Qi Zhengbing , Hu Wenshen , Hong Jinqing , Chen Cuixue , Wang Zhoucheng
Published: September 2019

This work establishes Mn–CoSe2 nanosheets as promising OER electrocatalysts, but also opens an exciting new avenue to enhance their electrocatalytic activity by heteroatom doping.
Simple synthesis of a swellable porous β-cyclodextrin-based polymer in the aqueous phase for the rapid removal of organic micro-pollutants from water
Authors: Xu Guizhou , Xie Xianchuan , Qin Long , Hu Xuejiao , Zhang Delin , Xu Jun , Li Dawei , Ji Xiaowen , Huang Yu , Tu Yizhou , Jiang Lu , Wei Dongyang
Published: September 2019

Simple synthesis of a swellable porous β-cyclodextrin-based polymer in the aqueous phase for the rapid removal of organic micro-pollutants from water.
Copper and cobalt co-catalyzed aerobic oxidative cross-dehydrogenative coupling reaction of (benzo)azoles
Authors: Li Yanrong , Qian Fen , Ge Xia , Liu Tao , Jalani Hitesh B. , Lu Hongjian , Li Guigen
Published: September 2019

The dehydrogenative cross-coupling (CDC) reaction of diversely substituted azoles was realized by copper and cobalt co-catalysis under air conditions.
Engineering of a fungal laccase to develop a robust, versatile and highly-expressed biocatalyst for sustainable chemistry
Authors: de Salas Felipe , Aza Pablo , Gilabert Joan F. , Santiago Gerard , Kilic Sibel , Sener Mehmet E. , Vind Jesper , Guallar Víctor , Martínez Angel T. , Camarero Susana
Published: September 2019

From laccase design to application of the overexpressed biocatalyst in an industrial environment for eco-friendly synthesis of polyaniline and dyes.
Calcium-catalyzed regioselective dehydrative cross-coupling of propargylic alcohols with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds
Authors: Xie Peizhong , Wo Xiangyang , Yang Xiaobo , Cai Xinying , Li Shuangshuang , Gao Cuiqing , Fu Weishan , Sun Zuolian , Loh Teck-Peng
Published: September 2019

A calcium-catalyzed in situ dehydrative cross-coupling reaction of propargylic alcohols with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds was developed at room temperature under solvent-free conditions.
A passive portable microfluidic blood–plasma separator for simultaneous determination of direct and indirect ABO/Rh blood typing
Authors: Karimi Shadi , Mehrdel Pouya , Farré-Lladós Josep , Casals-Terré Jasmina
Published: September 2019

A passive portable microfluidic blood–plasma separator for simultaneous determination of direct and indirect ABO/Rh blood typing.
Pressure-controlled microfluidic sub-picoliter ultramicro-volume syringes based on integrated micro-nanostructure arrays
Authors: Yu Nianzuo , Liu Yongshun , Wang Shuli , Tang Xiaoduo , Ge Peng , Nan Jingjie , Zhang Junhu , Yang Bai
Published: September 2019

Ultramicro-volume syringes are fabricated in microchannels. The minimum of available droplet volume is in increments as low as 0.5 pL with 96% accuracy. Specifically, controllable synthesis of nanocrystals could be produced in a lab-on-chip platform.
Catalytic performance of a Bi2O3–Fe2O3 system in soot combustion
Authors: Xie Yunyun , Zhang Changsen , Wang Dengtai , Lu Jifu , Wang Yuhang , Wang Jie , Zhang Longzhu , Zhang Ruiqin
Published: September 2019

The transport ability of oxygen ions of Bi2O3 on the Bi2O3/Fe2O3 catalyst promotes soot combustion.
Hydrolysis of trialkoxysilanes catalysed by the fluoride anion. Nucleophilic vs. basic catalysis
Authors: Cypryk Marek , Gostyński Bartłomiej , Pokora Mateusz
Published: September 2019

A DFT study showed competition between basic and nucleophilic catalysis of alkoxysilane hydrolysis by the fluoride ion.
Titanium silicalite as a radical-redox mediator for high-energy-density lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Chan Dan , Xiao Zhubing , Guo Zeqing , Lai Yuchong , Zhang Yonggui , Zhou Suya , Ding Xingwei , Nie Huagui , Yang Zhi
Published: September 2019

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are receiving intense interest owing to their high energy densities, cost effectiveness, and the natural abundance of sulfur.
Rheological implications of embedded active matter in colloidal gels
Authors: Szakasits Megan E. , Saud Keara T. , Mao Xiaoming , Solomon Michael J.
Published: September 2019

We examine the effect of embedded active colloids on the linear viscoelastic moduli of colloidal gels. We find that the autonomous, out-of-equilibrium dynamics of active colloids incorporated into the colloidal network decreases gel elasticity.
Long non-coding RNA-NEAT1, a sponge for miR-98-5p, promotes expression of oncogene HMGA2 in prostate cancer
Authors: Guo Zhuifeng , He Chang , Yang Fan , Qin Liang , Lu Xuwei , Wu Jiawen
Published: September 2019

Increasing evidence demonstrated that noncoding RNAs (lncRNA, miRNA) play important roles in the cancer development. LncRNA NEAT1 functions as an oncogene in many cancers. However, the roles of NEAT1 in prostate cancer (PCa) remain largely unknown. In the present study, we aim to explore the molecular mechanism of NEAT1 in the development of PCa. We detected the expression levels of NEAT1 in a total of 16 benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues (BPH), 30 matched adjacent healthy control (HC) tissues and 30 PCa tissues, as well as PCa cell lines PC-3, DU-145, LNCaP and normal prostate epithelial cell line RWPE-1. The results showed that NEAT1 was significantly up-regulated in PCa tissues and PCa cell lines. Knockdown of NEAT1 can largely inhibit DU-145 and PC-3 cell growth and invasion. Bioinformatics analysis predicted NEAT1 has the binding site of miR-98-5p which can bind to the 3′UTR of HMGA2. And the expression level of NEAT1 has a positive correlation with HMAG2, while negative correlation with miR-98-5p in PCa cells. In addition, luciference assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay confirmed that NEAT1 can function as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by sponging miR-98-5p to active HMGA2. Moreover, silencing of HMGA2 can decrease the proliferation ability of PCa cells. Taken together, NEAT1/miR-98-5p/HMGA2 pathway is involved in the development and progression of PCa. NEAT1 could be recommended as a prognostic biomarker and inhibition of NEAT1 expression may be a promising strategy for PCa therapy.