bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Open Translational Science in Schizophrenia (OPTICS) project: an open-science project bringing together Janssen clinical trial and NIMH data
Authors: Wilcox Marsha A. , Savitz Adam J. , Addington Anjené M. , Gray Gary S. , Guinan Eva C. , Jackson John W. , Lehner Thomas , Normand Sharon-Lise , Ranu Hardeep , Senthil Geetha , Spertus Jake , Valeri Linda , Ross Joseph S.
Published: June 2018

Clinical trial data are the gold standard for evaluating pharmaceutical safety and efficacy. There is an ethical and scientific imperative for transparency and data sharing to confirm published results and generate new knowledge. The Open Translational Science in Schizophrenia (OPTICS) Project was an open-science initiative aggregating Janssen clinical trial and NIH/NIMH data from real-world studies and trials in schizophrenia. The project aims were to show the value of using shared data to examine: therapeutic safety and efficacy; disease etiologies and course; and methods development. The success of project investigators was due to collaboration from project applications through analyses, with support from the Harvard Catalyst. Project work was independent of Janssen; all intellectual property was dedicated to the public. Efforts such as this are necessary to gain deeper insights into the biology of disease, foster collaboration, and to achieve the goal of developing better treatments, reducing the overall public health burden of devastating brain diseases.
Green and facile synthesis of few-layer graphene via liquid exfoliation process for Lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Lin Pin-Chun , Wu Jhao-Yi , Liu Wei-Ren
Published: June 2018

A green and facile method using jet cavitation (JC) was utilized to prepare few layer graphene (FLG) derived from artificial graphite delamination without adding any strong acids and oxidants. The JC method not only provides high quality FLG with high yield but also demonstrate excellent electrochemical performance as anode materials for Li-ion batteries. Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as well as BET isotherms and XPS are carried out in this study. The results of atomic force microscopy (AFM) further revealed that up to 85% of the prepared FLG were less than 10 layers. This exfoliation process happened mainly due to the cavitation-induced intensive tensile stress acting on the layered materials. Electrochemical measurements demonstrate that graphite anode delivered only 240 mAh/g while FLG anode achieved more than 322 mAh/g at 5C rate test. These results indicate that JC method not only paves the way for cheaper and safer production of graphene but also holds great potential applications in energy-related technology.
The Effect of Arctic Dust on the Retrieval of Satellite Derived Sea and Ice Surface Temperatures
Authors: Vincent R. F.
Published: June 2018

Large quantities of dust are transported annually to the Arctic, primarily from Asian deserts. The influx of dust into the polar environment changes the radiative properties of clouds while the deposition of dust onto ice and snow decreases the surface albedo. Atmospheric and surface dust may be identified with space borne radiometers by comparing infrared energy in the 11 μm and 12 μm regime. Between 2007 and 2017 satellite infrared data revealed persistent low-level dust clouds in the vicinity of Amundsen Gulf in the Western Canadian Arctic during the melting season. Evidence suggests that the subsequent deposition of atmospheric dust in the region affected the surface emissivity in the thermal infrared regime. As a result, satellite derived sea and ice surface temperature algorithms were rendered inaccurate in these areas. Moreover, the ubiquitous nature of dust in the region may play a role in the rapidly vanishing cryosphere.
Coccolith dissolution within copepod guts affects fecal pellet density and sinking rate
Authors: White Meredith M. , Waller Jesica D. , Lubelczyk Laura C. , Drapeau David T. , Bowler Bruce C. , Balch William M. , Fields David M.
Published: June 2018

The most common biomineral produced in the contemporary ocean is calcium carbonate, including the polymorph calcite produced by coccolithophores. The surface waters of the ocean are supersaturated with respect to calcium carbonate. As a result, particulate inorganic carbon (PIC), such as calcite coccoliths, is not expected thermodynamically to dissolve in waters above the lysocline (~4500–6000 m). However, observations indicate that up to 60–80% of calcium carbonate is lost in the upper 500–1000 m of the ocean. This is hypothesized to occur in microenvironments with reduced saturation states, such as zooplankton guts. Using a new application of the highly precise 14C microdiffusion technique, we show that following a period of starvation, up to 38% of ingested calcite dissolves in copepod guts. After continued feeding, our data show the gut becomes increasingly buffered, which limits further dissolution; this has been termed the Tums hypothesis (after the drugstore remedy for stomach acid). As less calcite dissolves in the gut and is instead egested in fecal pellets, the fecal pellet sinking rates double, with corresponding increases in pellet density. Our results empirically demonstrate that zooplankton guts can facilitate calcite dissolution above the chemical lysocline, and that carbon export through fecal pellet production is variable, based on the feeding history of the copepod.
Serotonin and YAP/VGLL4 Balance Correlated with Progression and Poor Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Shu Bo , Zhai Mimi , Miao Xiongying , He Chao , Deng Chaolin , Fang Yu , Luo Ming , Liu Luyao , Liu Sushun
Published: June 2018

YAP-TEAD complex plays an important role in tumorigenesis. 5-HT is proved to upregulate YAP expression by our previous study and VGLL4 is found to compete with YAP for binding to TEAD in several of cancers. Here, we investigated whether 5-HT could affect progression and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and regulate YAP/VGLL4 balance. We found that 5-HT and YAP/VGLL4 ratio were higher in HCC patients and closely related with progression and poor prognosis. Furthermore, 5-HT level, YAP/VGLL4 ratio and tumor size were proved as independent risk factors of HCC patients in our study. Based on the independent risk factors, nomogram was established to exactly predict prognosis of HCC patients. Additionally, the study revealed that a higher total point of the nomogram was closely correlated with poorer prognosis. As a result, 5-HT might contribute to the progression and poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma via regulating YAP/VGLL4 balance. Therefore, the established nomogram based on the independent risk factors may become an important part of HCC prediction system and YAP/VGLL4 balance may be a potential therapeutic target in future.
A cylindrical assembly model and dynamics of the Ebola virus VP40 structural matrix
Authors: Pavadai Elumalai , Gerstman Bernard S. , Chapagain Prem P.
Published: June 2018

The Ebola filovirus causes severe hemorrhagic fever with a high fatality rate in humans. The primary structural matrix protein VP40 displays transformer-protein characteristics and exists in different conformational and oligomeric states. VP40 plays crucial roles in viral assembly and budding at the plasma membrane of the infected cells and is capable of forming virus-like particles without the need for other Ebola proteins. However, no experimental three-dimensional structure for any filovirus VP40 cylindrical assembly matrix is currently available. Here, we use a protein-protein docking approach to develop cylindrical assembly models for an Ebola virion and also for a smaller structural matrix that does not contain genetic material. These models match well with the 2D averages of cryo-electron tomograms of the authentic virion. We also used all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the stability and dynamics of the cylindrical models and the interactions between the side-by-side hexamers to determine the amino acid residues that are especially important for stabilizing the hexamers in the cylindrical ring configuration matrix assembly. Our models provide helpful information to better understand the assembly processes of filoviruses and such structural studies may also lead to the design and development of antiviral drugs.
Incentive motivation in pet dogs – preference for constant vs varied food rewards
Authors: Bremhorst Annika , Bütler Sarah , Würbel Hanno , Riemer Stefanie
Published: June 2018

Recently, there has been a move towards positive reinforcement using food rewards in animal training. By definition, rewards function as reinforcers if they increase or maintain the frequency of behaviour that they follow. However, in operant conditioning tasks animals frequently show systematic changes in performance – in particular a reduction in responding over time. One suggested strategy to avoid such performance decrements is to provide a variety of food rewards, rather than the same food reward in all trials. The enhancement of appetitive behaviour and consumption by reward variation is referred to as ‘variety effect’. We investigated whether dogs preferred a variable or a constant food reward in a concurrent two-choice test. Of 16 dogs, six subjects showed a significant preference for the varied food reward and six for the constant food reward, while four dogs exhibited no significant preference for either option. At the group level, there was a significant effect of block: preference for the varied food reward increased across six blocks of ten trials each. Thus, although some individuals may prefer a single, favourite food reward in the short term, introducing variation in reward types may maintain dogs’ motivation in operant tasks over a longer time period.
Maternal Vitamin D Prevents Abnormal Dopaminergic Development and Function in a Mouse Model of Prenatal Immune Activation
Authors: Luan Wei , Hammond Luke Alexander , Vuillermot Stephanie , Meyer Urs , Eyles Darryl Walter
Published: June 2018

Dysfunction in dopamine (DA) systems is a prominent feature in schizophrenia patients and may result from the abnormal development of mesencephalic (mes)DA systems. Maternal immune activation (MIA) and developmental vitamin D (DVD)-deficiency both induce schizophrenia-relevant dopaminergic abnormalities in adult offspring. In this study, we investigated whether maternal administration of the vitamin D hormone (1,25OHD, VITD) could prevent MIA-induced abnormalities in DA-related behaviors and mesDA development. We administrated the viral mimetic polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic (poly (I:C)) simultaneously with 1,25OHD and/or their vehicles, to pregnant mouse dams at gestational day 9. Maternal treatment with VITD prevented MIA-induced hypersensitivity to acute DA stimulation induced by amphetamine, whereas it failed to block prepulse inhibition deficiency in MIA-exposed offspring. MIA and VITD both reduced fetal mesDA progenitor (Lmx1a + Sox2+) cells, while VITD treatment increased the number of mature (Nurr1 + TH+) mesDA neurons. Single-cell quantification of protein expression showed that VITD treatment increased the expression of Lmx1a, Nurr1 and TH in individual mesDA cells and restored normal mesDA positioning. Our data demonstrate that VITD prevents abnormal dopaminergic phenotypes in MIA offspring possibly via its early neuroprotective actions on fetal mesDA neurons. Maternal supplementation with the dietary form of vitamin D, cholecalciferol may become a valuable strategy for the prevention of MIA-induced neurodevelopmental abnormalities.
Cancer risk by the subtype of alopecia
Authors: Lee Ji Hyun , Song Yumee , Do Han Kyung , Park Young Min , Lee Jun Young , Park Yong-Gyu , Lee Young Bok
Published: June 2018

The cancer risk in patients with alopecia areata (AA) or alopecia totalis (AT)/alopecia universalis (AU) remains unknown. In this study, national statistical data were used to study the association between these forms of alopecia and the risk of cancer. We enrolled 668,604 patients who were treated for alopecia from 2007 to 2014, and age- and sex-matched control subjects. AA and AT/AU patients had slightly higher overall cancer risks (hazard ratio (HR), 1.043; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.022–1.065 and HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.013–1.129, respectively) than controls, after adjusting for confounding factors. The risks of oral cavity, esophagus, liver, biliary tract, pancreas, larynx, lung, kidney, breast, cervix, ovary, uterus, testis, nerve, and skin cancers; and lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and leukemia, were not increased in alopecia patients. In AA or AT/AU patients, the only increased risk was that of thyroid cancer. In AA patients alone, the risks of bladder and prostate cancers were increased. Thus, the cancer risks varied by the alopecia subtype. Careful monitoring is needed to explore if the actual risks of thyroid, bladder, and prostate cancers are increased in alopecia patients.
Ramsey interferometry with trapped motional quantum states
Authors: Hu Dong , Niu Linxiao , Jin Shengjie , Chen Xuzong , Dong Guangjiong , Schmiedmayer Jörg , Zhou Xiaoji
Published: June 2018

Ramsey interferometers using internal electronic or nuclear states find wide applications in science and engineering. We develop a matter wave Ramsey interferometer for trapped motional quantum states exploiting the s- and d-bands of an optical lattice and study it both experimentally and theoretically, identifying the different de-phasing and de-coherence mechanisms. Implementing a band echo technique, employing repeated π-pulses we suppress the de-phasing evolution and significantly increase the coherence time of the trapped state interferometer by one order of magnitude. Thermal fluctuations are the main mechanism for the remaining decay of the contrast. Our demonstration of an echo-Ramsey interferometer with trapped quantum states in an optical lattice has potential application in the study of quantum many-body lattice dynamics, and motional qubits manipulation.
Dynamics of water in conical solvation shells around a benzene solute under different thermodynamic conditions
Authors: Choudhary Ashu , Chandra Amalendu
Published: June 2018

Dynamics of water in different conical shells around a benzene solute at sub- and supercritical conditions are investigated.
Electrical conductivity and oxygen diffusion behaviour of the (La0.8Sr0.2)0.95CrxFe1−xO3−δ (x = 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7) A-site deficient perovskites
Authors: Shen Zonghao , Kilner John A. , Skinner Stephen J.
Published: June 2018

Oxygen transport is bulk diffusion limited and line scan measurements are shown to underestimate surface exchange coefficients.
Carbon-contacted single molecule electrical junctions
Authors: He Chunhui , Zhang Qian , Tao Shuhui , Zhao Cezhou , Zhao Chun , Su Weitao , Dappe Yannick J. , Nichols Richard J. , Yang Li
Published: June 2018

A fully metal-free molecular junction by using carbon fiber as the top electrode, and graphene as the bottom electrode was demonstrated for single molecular junctions, which is retaining long-lived charge excited states and potential for charge storage and manipulation.
Coordination polymers built up from an s-tetrazine derived ligand and rare-earth ions: from a sequential dimensional expansion to organic–inorganic energy transfer
Authors: Rouschmeyer Paul , Guillou Nathalie , Serre Christian , Clavier Gilles , Allain Clémence , Devic Thomas
Published: June 2018

From 1D to 2D: the dimensionality of a coordination polymer based on a luminescent tetrazine and Tb3+ ions has been increased using a two step procedure.
The effect of unadsorbed proteins on the physiochemical properties of the heteroaggregates of oppositely charged lactoferrin coated lutein droplets and whey protein isolate coated DHA droplets
Authors: Li Xin , Wang Xu , Liu Jiawei , Xu Duoxia , Cao Yanping , Sun Baoguo
Published: June 2018

It was reported that the controlled heteroaggregation of oppositely charged lactoferrin (LF)-lutein droplets and whey protein isolate (WPI)-DHA droplets enhanced the physicochemical properties of emulsions.
Selective catalytic tailoring of the H unit in herbaceous lignin for methyl p-hydroxycinnamate production over metal-based ionic liquids
Authors: Li Zhangmin , Cai Zhenping , Zeng Qiang , Zhang Tian , France Liam John , Song Changhua , Zhang Yaqin , He Hongyan , Jiang Lilong , Long Jinxing , Li Xuehui
Published: June 2018

Selective catalytic tailoring of herbaceous lignin for the production of methyl p-hydroxycinnamate (MPC).
Conditioned medium from overly excitatory primary astrocytes induced by La3+ increases apoptosis in primary neurons via upregulating the expression of NMDA receptors
Authors: Sun Yaling , Yang Jinghua , Hu Xiaoyu , Gao Xiang , Li Yingqi , Yu Miao , Liu Shiyu , Lu Yanxin , Wang Jing , Huang Liling , Lu Xiaobo , Jin Cuihong , Wu Shengwen , Cai Yuan
Published: June 2018

Lanthanum (La) can accumulate in the brain and impair learning and memory.
Biomimetic synthesis of urchin-like CuO/ZnO nanocomposites with excellent photocatalytic activity
Authors: Fang Hui , Guo Yanxia , Wu Tong , Liu Yuping
Published: June 2018

Highly photocatalytic urchin-like CuO/ZnO nanocomposites were synthesized using glutamine as a growth regulator by a hydrothermal process with subsequent calcination.
A new nanosensor for the chiral recognition of cysteine enantiomers based on gold nanorods
Authors: Li Ruijun , Zhu Changlong , Li Wang , Zhang Xintong , Ji Yibing
Published: June 2018

A schematic illustration of the chiral recognition of d-Cys and l-Cys using GNRs in the presence of Cu2+ (0.125 mM).
AIE + ESIPT based red fluorescent aggregates for visualization of latent fingerprints
Authors: Singh Harminder , Sharma Rashmi , Bhargava Gaurav , Kumar Subodh , Singh Prabhpreet
Published: June 2018

DPSA shows applications in establishing the individuality of three subjects using the 1st (pattern of arch, loop or whorl) and 2nd (minutiae details of dots, ridge ending, core and delta) level of information.
Lipid extraction by boron nitride nanosheets from liquid-ordered and liquid-disordered nanodomains
Authors: Zhang Yonghui , Chan Chun , Li Zhen , Ma Jiale , Meng Qiangqiang , Cheng Xiaolin , Fan Jun
Published: June 2018

Atomically thin boron nitride nanosheets are important two-dimensional nanomaterials with great potential in biomedical applications.
2D SnSe-based vdW heterojunctions: tuning the Schottky barrier by reducing Fermi level pinning
Authors: Zhou Wenyang , Guo Yaguang , Liu Jie , Wang Fancy Qian , Li Xiaoyin , Wang Qian
Published: June 2018

Tuning the Schottky barrier of 2D SnSe-based vdW heterojunctions.
Heteroleptic chiral bis(phthalocyaninato) terbium double-decker single-ion magnets
Authors: Chen Yuxiang , Ma Fang , Zhang Yuehong , Zhao Luyang , Wang Kang , Qi Dongdong , Sun Hao-Ling , Jiang Jianzhuang
Published: June 2018

Chiral binaphthyl and dibutylamino were incorporated onto the periphery of the bis(phthalocyaninato) terbium SIM, confirming the effectiveness of tuning the double-decker SIM peroperties thorugh tuning the molecular magnetic anisotropy.
Mechanistic insight into Ni-mediated decarbonylation of unstrained ketones: the origin of decarbonylation catalytic activity
Authors: Jiang Langhuan , Huang Fang , Wang Qiong , Sun Chuanzhi , Liu Jianbiao , Chen Dezhan
Published: June 2018

The origin of the Ni-mediated decarbonylation catalytic cycle of unstrained ketones was explored using the DFT calculation method.
Preparation of fluoroalkoxy or fluorophenoxy substituted N-heterocycles from heterocyclic N-oxides and polyfluoroalcohols
Authors: Zhang Dong , Qiao Kai , Hua Jiawei , Liu Zhuang , Qi Hao , Yang Zhao , Zhu Ning , Fang Zheng , Guo Kai
Published: June 2018

A novel and efficient approach to introduce fluorine-containing groups into N-heterocycles was reported.
A highly selective fluorescent probe for detection of Cd2+ and HSO3− based on photochromic diarylethene with a triazole-bridged coumarin-quinoline group
Authors: Guo Shuli , Liu Gang , Fan Congbin , Pu Shouzhi
Published: June 2018

A novel photochromic diarylethene containing a quinoline-linked 3-aminocoumarin Schiff base unit (1O) was synthesized and used for the selective detection of Cd2+ and HSO3−.
Global diabatic potential energy surfaces for the BeH2+ system and dynamics studies on the Be+(2P) + H2(X1Σg+) → BeH+(X1Σ+) + H(2S) reaction
Authors: Yang Zijiang , Yuan Jiuchuang , Wang Shufen , Chen Maodu
Published: June 2018

The first global diabatic potential energy surfaces for the Be+(2P) + H2(X1Σg+) → BeH+(X1Σ+) + H(2S) reaction are constructed.
Kinetic study of liquid phase glycerol hydrodeoxygenation under inert conditions over a Cu-based catalyst
Authors: Yfanti V.-L. , Ipsakis D. , Lemonidou A. A.
Published: June 2018

The kinetic model of a liquid phase glycerol hydrodeoxygenation-methanol reforming tandem reaction cycle, over a Cu:Zn:Al catalyst.
TbCo and Tb0.5Dy0.5Co layered cyanido-bridged frameworks for construction of colorimetric and ratiometric luminescent thermometers
Authors: Kumar Kunal , Chorazy Szymon , Nakabayashi Koji , Sato Hiroyasu , Sieklucka Barbara , Ohkoshi Shin-ichi
Published: June 2018

A colorimetric temperature sensor exploring a wide range of emission colours and a ratiometric temperature sensor utilizing sharp emission lines of TbIII and DyIII are achievable with cyanido-bridged TbCo and Tb0.5Dy0.5Co heterometallic assemblies.
High-J CO emission spatial distribution and excitation in the Orion Bar
Authors: Parikka A. , Habart E. , Bernard-Salas J. , Köhler M. , Abergel A.
Published: June 2018

Context. With Herschel, we can for the first time observe a wealth of high-J CO lines in the interstellar medium with a high angular resolution. These lines are specifically useful for tracing the warm and dense gas and are therefore very appropriate for a study of strongly irradiated dense photodissocation regions (PDRs).

Aims. We characterize the morphology of CO J = 19–18 emission and study the high-J CO excitation in a highly UV-irradiated prototypical PDR, the Orion Bar.

Methods. We used fully sampled maps of CO J = 19–18 emission with the Photoconductor Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) on board the Herschel Space Observatory over an area of ~110′′ × 110′′ with an angular resolution of 9′′. We studied the morphology of this high-J CO line in the Orion Bar and in the region in front and behind the Bar, and compared it with lower-J lines of CO from J = 5–4 to J = 13–12 and 13CO from J = 5–4 to J = 11–10 emission observed with the Herschel Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE). In addition, we compared the high-J CO to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission and vibrationally excited H2. We used the CO and 13CO observations and the RADEX model to derive the physical conditions in the warm molecular gas layers.

Results. The CO J = 19–18 line is detected unambiguously everywhere in the observed region, in the Bar, and in front and behind of it. In the Bar, the most striking features are several knots of enhanced emission that probably result from column and/or volume density enhancements. The corresponding structures are most likely even smaller than what PACS is able to resolve. The high-J CO line mostly arises from the warm edge of the Orion Bar PDR, while the lower-J lines arise from a colder region farther inside the molecular cloud. Even if it is slightly shifted farther into the PDR, the high-J CO emission peaks are very close to the H/H2 dissociation front, as traced by the peaks of H2 vibrational emission. Our results also suggest that the high-J CO emitting gas is mainly excited by photoelectric heating. The CO J = 19–18/J = 12–11 line intensity ratio peaks in front of the CO J = 19–18 emission between the dissociation and ionization fronts, where the PAH emission also peak. A warm or hot molecular gas could thus be present in the atomic region where the intense UV radiation is mostly unshielded. In agreement with recent ALMA detections, low column densities of hot molecular gas seem to exist between the ionization and dissociation fronts. As found in other studies, the best fit with RADEX modeling for beam-averaged physical conditions is for a density of 106 cm−3 and a high thermal pressure (P∕k = nH × T) of ~1–2 × 108 K cm−3.

Conclusions. The high-J CO emission is concentrated close to the dissociation front in the Orion Bar. Hot CO may also lie in the atomic PDR between the ionization and dissociation fronts, which is consistent with the dynamical and photoevaporation effects.
The Gaia-ESO Survey: the origin and evolution of s-process elements
Authors: Magrini L. , Spina L. , Randich S. , Friel E. , Kordopatis G. , Worley C. , Pancino E. , Bragaglia A. , Donati P. , Tautvaišienė G. , Bagdonas V. , Delgado-Mena E. , Adibekyan V. , Sousa S. G. , Jiménez-Esteban F. M. , Sanna N. , Roccatagliata V. , Bonito R. , Sbordone L. , Duffau S. , Gilmore G. , Feltzing S. , Jeffries R. D. , Vallenari A. , Alfaro E. J. , Bensby T. , Francois P. , Koposov S. , Korn A. J. , Recio-Blanco A. , Smiljanic R. , Bayo A. , Carraro G. , Casey A. R. , Costado M. T. , Damiani F. , Franciosini E. , Frasca A. , Hourihane A. , Jofré P. , de Laverny P. , Lewis J. , Masseron T. , Monaco L. , Morbidelli L. , Prisinzano L. , Sacco G. , Zaggia S.
Published: June 2018

Context. Several works have found an increase of the abundances of the s-process neutron-capture elements in the youngest Galactic stellar populations. These trends provide important constraints on stellar and Galactic evolution and they need to be confirmed with large and statistically significant samples of stars spanning wide age and distance intervals.

Aims. We aim to trace the abundance patterns and the time evolution of five s-process elements – two belonging to the first peak, Y and Zr, and three belonging to the second peak, Ba, La, and Ce – using the Gaia-ESO IDR5 results for open clusters and disc stars.

Methods. From the UVES spectra of cluster member stars, we determined the average composition of clusters with ages >0.1 Gyr. We derived statistical ages and distances of field stars, and we separated them into thin and thick disc populations. We studied the time-evolution and dependence on metallicity of abundance ratios using open clusters and field stars whose parameters and abundances were derived in a homogeneous way.

Results. Using our large and homogeneous sample of open clusters, thin and thick disc stars, spanning an age range larger than 10 Gyr, we confirm an increase towards young ages of s-process abundances in the solar neighbourhood. These trends are well defined for open clusters and stars located nearby the solar position and they may be explained by a late enrichment due to significant contribution to the production of these elements from long-living low-mass stars. At the same time, we find a strong dependence of the s-process abundance ratios on the Galactocentric distance and on the metallicity of the clusters and field stars.

Conclusions. Our results, derived from the largest and most homogeneous sample of s-process abundances in the literature, confirm the growth with decreasing stellar ages of the s-process abundances in both field and open cluster stars. At the same time, taking advantage of the abundances of open clusters located in a wide Galactocentric range, these results offer a new perspective on the dependence of the s-process evolution on the metallicity and star formation history, pointing to different behaviours at various Galactocentric distances.
The evolutionary nature of RV Tauri stars in the SMC and LMC
Authors: Manick Rajeev , Van Winckel Hans , Kamath Devika , Sekaran Sanjay , Kolenberg Katrien
Published: June 2018

Context. Based on their stellar parameters and the presence of a mid-IR excess due to circumstellar dust, RV Tauri stars have been classified as post-AGB stars. Our recent studies, however, reveal diverse spectral energy distributions (SEDs) among RV Tauri stars, suggesting they may occupy other evolutionary channels as well.

Aims. The aim of this paper is to present the diverse SED characteristics of RV Tauri stars and investigate their evolutionary nature as a function of their SEDs.

Methods. We carried out a systematic study of RV Tauri stars in the SMC and LMC because of their known distances and hence luminosities. Their SEDs were classified into three groups: dusty (disc-type), non-dusty (non-IR), and uncertain. A period-luminosity-colour (PLC) relation was calibrated. The luminosities from the PLC were complemented with those found using their SEDs and the stars were placed on a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (HRD). I-band time series were used to search for period changes via (O−C) analyses to identify period changes.

Results. The four main results from this study are: (1) RV Tauri stars with a clear IR excess have disc-type SEDs, which indicates that the dust is trapped in a stable disc. Given the strong link between disc-type SEDs and binarity in the Galaxy, we postulate that these are binaries as well. These cover a range of luminosities and we argue that the more luminous binaries are post-AGB stars while the lower luminosity binaries are likely post-red giant branch (post-RGB) stars. (2) Two of these objects have variable mean brightness with periods of 916 and 850 days, respectively, caused by variable extinction during orbital motion. (3) Non-dusty RV Tauri stars and objects with an uncertain SED evolve such that the circumstellar dust has dispersed. If they are single stars, they are post-AGB objects of low initial mass (<1.25 M⊙), while if they are binaries, the low-luminosity portion of the sample are likely post-RGB stars. (4) We find that RV Tauri stars with dust are on average more luminous than the rest of the sample.
Linking interstellar and cometary O2: a deep search for 16O18O in the solar-type protostar IRAS 16293–2422
Authors: Taquet V. , van Dishoeck E. F. , Swayne M. , Harsono D. , Jørgensen J. K. , Maud L. , Ligterink N. F. W. , Müller H. S. P. , Codella C. , Altwegg K. , Bieler A. , Coutens A. , Drozdovskaya M. N. , Furuya K. , Persson M. V. , van’t Hoff M. L. R. , Walsh C. , Wampfler S. F.
Published: June 2018

Recent measurements carried out at comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko (67P) with the Rosetta probe revealed that molecular oxygen, O2, is the fourth most abundant molecule in comets. Models show that O2 is likely of primordial nature, coming from the interstellar cloud from which our solar system was formed. However, gaseous O2 is an elusive molecule in the interstellar medium with only one detection towards quiescent molecular clouds, in the ρ Oph A core. We perform a deep search for molecular oxygen, through the 21−01 rotational transition at 234 GHz of its 16O18O isotopologue, towards the warm compact gas surrounding the nearby Class 0 protostar IRAS 16293–2422 B with the ALMA interferometer. We also look for the chemical daughters of O2, HO2, and H2O2. Unfortunately, the H2O2 rotational transition is dominated by ethylene oxide c-C2H4O while HO2 is not detected. The targeted 16O18O transition is surrounded by two brighter transitions at ± 1 km s−1 relative to the expected 16O18O transition frequency. After subtraction of these two transitions, residual emission at a 3σ level remains, but with a velocity offset of 0.3−0.5 km s−1 relative to the source velocity, rendering the detection “tentative”. We derive the O2 column density for two excitation temperatures Tex of 125 and 300 K, as indicated by other molecules, in order to compare the O2 abundance between IRAS 16293 and comet 67P. Assuming that 16O18O is not detected and using methanol CH3OH as a reference species, we obtain a [O2]/[CH3OH] abundance ratio lower than 2−5, depending on the assumed Tex, a three to four times lower abundance than the [O2]/[CH3OH] ratio of 5−15 found in comet 67P. Such a low O2 abundance could be explained by the lower temperature of the dense cloud precursor of IRAS 16293 with respect to the one at the origin of our solar system that prevented efficient formation of O2 in interstellar ices.
Betreuung nach Präeklampsie – person-zentriert, interprofessionell und langfristig
Authors: Walther Annatina , Wicki Beatrice , Loos Inge
Published: June 2018

In der klinischen Nachsorge der Präeklampsie werden mehrheitlich die körperlichen Folgen der Erkrankung berücksichtigt. Doch die Belastung der Familie spiegelt sich häufig auch in der psychischen Befindlichkeit der Frau und ihrer Fähigkeit wider, eine Beziehung zum Kind aufbauen zu können. In einer aktuellen Literaturreview konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Frauen nach der Entlassung aus der Klinik langfristig, salutogenetisch und kontinuierlich in ihrem Umfeld begleitet werden sollten, um die Spätfolgen für Mutter und Kind zu minimieren.
Gesundheit im Kontext
Authors: Wildner Manfred
Published: June 2018

„Ich habe doch nur mit dem Finger gedroht“, sagte der Angeklagte, und unterließ es unfairerweise darauf hinzuweisen, dass dieser am Abzug einer Pistole gelegen hatte. Der Bezug dieses Bonmots zum Gesundheitswesen soll im Folgenden weniger auf die konkreten gesundheitlichen Risiken durch Schusswaffen gelegt werden, sondern vielmehr auf die nicht weniger bedeutsame Rolle des Kontextes für Gesundheit, Krankheit und Wohlbefinden. Dass der „Kontext“, verstanden als System- und Sinnzusammenhang, sowohl das objektive Auftreten von Krankheiten in ihrer Häufigkeit und Schwere als auch das subjektive Erleben von Gesundheitszuständen beeinflusst, ist hinreichend bekannt
Zirconium-Catalyzed Reaction of 1-Alkynyl Sulfides with Et3Al: A Novel Route to Trisubstituted 1-Alkenyl Sulfides
Authors: Kadikova Rita , Ramazanov Ilfir , Vyatkin Alexey , Dzhemilev Usein
Published: June 2018

The reaction of 1-alkynyl sulfides and alkynyl sulfoxides with Et3Al under zirconocene catalysis conditions has been studied. The interaction between 1-alkynyl sulfides and Et3Al in the presence of catalytic amounts of Cp2ZrCl2 leads to trisubstituted 1-alkenyl sulfides in moderate to good yields (56–73%) with high regioselectivity and stereo­selectivity. 1-Alkynyl sulfoxides, upon treatment with Et3Al under the same reaction conditions, undergoes reduction to give sulfides. The excess of Et3Al (7 equiv) in this reaction causes cyclic carboalumination of in situ generated 1-alkynyl sulfide to form trisubstituted 1-alkenyl sulfides in quantitative yield.
Factor V from Human Plasma
Authors: Surgenor Douglas M. , Wilson Nancy A. , Henry Anne S.
Published: June 2018

A method is described for the partial purification of a human plasma factor which accelerates the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin in the presence of tissue thromboplastin. This factor may be dried from the frozen state, and may be kept in stable dry form for long periods of time. The quantitative assay of this activity is done in a classical two-stage prothrombin system using tissue thromboplastin and calcium. From its properties, it is concluded that this activity corresponds to factor V, labile factor and plasma Ac-globulin.

Chemical and kinetic studies reveal that human factor V is active in plasma and is destroyed by thrombin. Human serum has little or no factor V activity.

These results thus fail to support the postulated activation of factor V during clotting. All of the kinetic data are consistent with an enzymatic role for factor V in the formation of tissue prothrombin activator (thromboplastin).
Studie über die Vakuolenbildungen der Thrombozyten und über ihre Funktion
Authors: Fonio A
Published: June 2018

Optisch leere Vakuolenbildungen finden sich bei einem Teil der Thrombozyten, sei es im Begriffe, aus der Zelle auszutreten, sei es, dieser anliegend oder in das umgebende Plasma abgestoßen, zuweilen mit einem oder mehreren Granulis in lebhafter Brownscher Bewegung. Bei elektronenmikroskopischen Aufnahmen sind zumeist im Granulomeranteil der Thrombozyten kleinste Vakuolengebilde enthalten, die sich zu kleinen oblongen Tubuli auswachsen können, und leicht an Größe zunehmend auch im Hyalomeranteil sichtbar erscheinen.

In der Dunkelfeldaufnahme isolierter und mehrfach ausgewaschener Granula liegen deren Konglomeraten Mikro- und Makrovakuolen auf, im Begriff abgestoißen zu werden.

Bei mehrfachem Auswaschen der isolierten Granula wird der Auswaschlösung, wie Gerinnungskontrollen ergeben, ein gerinnungsbeschleunigender Faktor zugegeben, und wie Maupin nachwies, wirken isolierte Granula, zu plättchenfreiem Plasma zugesetzt, gerinnungsbeschleunigend, parallel zu ihrer Konzentration, und sie sichern die Prothrombinkoilsumption.

Aus diesen Befunden läßt sich ableiten, däiß die Vakuolen, die intrazellulär im Granulomeranteil entstehen und sch1ießlich aus dem Thrombozyt abgestoßen werden, als Sekretionsprodukt der Granula aufzufassen sind. An das Plasma abgegeben löst sich die Valiuole auf und gibt den Plättchenfaktor 3 frei, der am Gerinnungsvorgang teilnimmt.
Hautnekrosen als Nebenwirkung der Therapie mit Antikoagulantien
Authors: Stefenelli N , Tulzer H , Wewalka F
Published: June 2018

Drei Fälle werden mitgeteilt, in denen am 4. Tag einer Cumarin-Behandlung an umschriebenen Hautpartien bis zu zweihandflächengroße Areale mit petechialen Blutungen auftraten. In zwei Fällen entwickelten sich in diesen Bezirken Hautnekrosen. Das Krankheitsbild ordnet sich in eine Gruppe bisher beschriebener Hauterscheinungen nach Behandlung mit verschiedenen Cumarinabkömmlingen ein. Die histologische Untersuchung in einem Falle und Hautteste auf Marcumar ließen die Frage nach dem Entstehungsmechanismus weiter offen. Die Gefahr für den Patienten besteht einerseits in einer begleitenden Toxämie, andererseits — wie Fälle der Literatur zeigen — im Aufhören der Anti- koagulantienwirkung nach Absetzen des Medikamentes. Die Veränderungen heilen meist ohne Komplikation ab. Sie beschränken sich auf die Haut und führen nur an den Akren zur Gangrän tieferer Schichten.
Urokinase Excretion in Man: A Method of Determination and Consideration of its Significance
Authors: von Kaulla Kurt N. , Riggenbach Neil
Published: June 2018

A simple method is described for the quantitative determination of urokinase, a plasminogen activator, in human urine. Plasminogen activation by urokinase and the measurement of the proteolytic activity of the formed plasmin are separated in two individual steps. The normal urokinase excretion values for males and females in various conditions are discussed. Examples of pathological excretion patterns are also given.
A Case of Hageman-Factor Deficiency and a Method to Purify the Factor
Authors: Haanen C , Hommes F , Benraad H , Morselt G
Published: June 2018

1. Description of a new case of Hageman factor deficiency. The patient’s plasma was used for a quantitative estimation of the Hageman factor in normal plasma.

2. By means of adsorption on to glass and elution at pH 9.6 followed by salting out procedures, it was possible to obtain a concentrated HF preparation, free from any other known coagulation factors.

3. There were strong indications for the assumption that the activation of HF does not take place by releasing any inhibitor. It could result from a dissociation by the glass surface of a less active protein into two or more active factors.

4. The slight inhibition which HF deficient plasma exerts on the activation of normal plasma is possibly caused by the occupation of the glass surface by non-specific proteins from HF deficient plasma.

5. In plasma HF is reversibly bound to other non-specific proteins in the ß and y globulin fraction.

6. After the activation by a glass surface the HF is still active in siliconed glass-ware.
Studies on Paracoagulation. Role of Antithrombin VI
Authors: Kopeć Maria , Kowalski Edward , Stachurska Jolanta
Published: June 2018

1. Conditions in which paracoagulation occurs were studied.

2. It could be shown, that instead of protamine sulphate and toluidine blue, lysozyme, cooling to 4° C and acidification to pH 5,3—6,1 induce paracoagulation.

3. Paracoagulation could be obtained in the presence of antithrombin VI in purified systems consisting either of fibrinogen or fibrin monomer.

4. It could be stated, that antithrombin VI inhibits the polymerization of fibrin monomer and probably interferes with the protease activity of thrombin.

5. Paracoagulating factors overcome the inhibitory action of antithrombin VI.

6. The significance of the above findings is discussed.
Isolation and Purification of a Coagulant from Snake Venom of the Species Bothrops jararaca and the Study of its Properties
Authors: Banerjee R , Devi A , Sarkar N
Published: June 2018

1. A material active in coagulating fibrinogen has been purified thirty-fold from crude venom of the species Bothrops jararaca. This material exhibits clotting and esterase activities, but no measurable proteolytic activity if measured by its ability to digest denatured hemoglobin.

2. The clotting activity of the purified material (but not its esterase activity) is greatly enhanced by the addition of 2—3 μM of calcium ion; no other divalent metallic ion can duplicate the accelerating effect of Ca++ ion.

3. The purified material is stable to dialysis, standing at room temperature for 18—20 hours, or heating at 50° C for 10 minutes; it loses both its clotting and esterase activities if heated at 70° C for 25 minutes or at 80° C for 10 minutes

4. Although the powerful proteolytic enzyme inhibitors ovomucoid and soyabean trypsin inhibitor can block the clotting and esterase activities of thrombin, they are ineffective with respect to these properties of venom-coagulin. DFP, an inhibitor of far less specificity, can prevent the actions both of thrombin and of venom-coagulin

5. An amount of heparin sufficient to block the clotting activity of thrombin is unable to prevent the action of venom-coagulin on fibrinogen; a much higher concentration of heparin is needed. In both cases the addition of 2—3 μM of Ca++ ion necessitates the introduction of considerably more heparin in order to block the actions of thrombin and venom-coagulin.

6. While the antithrombin contained in serum can neutralize the clotting and esterase activities of thrombin, it has no effect on the actions of venom-coagulin.
Study on the Red Cells Sediment After Clotting of Polycythaemic Blood
Authors: Chaudhuri Sujata , Soulier J. P
Published: June 2018

Using normal blood citrated or native, artificial haematocrit levels were obtained in vitro by increasing the relative amount of red cells. Clotting and lytic factors were studied, clot retraction and red cells sediment were measured. Clot retraction was found inversely proportional to the haematocrit level. Red cells sediment and proaccelerin times increased in proportion to the haematocrit level. There was no change in fibrinogen level nor in lytic activity in connection with haematocrit.

Thus high red cells sediment found in polycythaemia does not seem to be related to proteolysis but to the incapacity of the fibrin net to retain the excess of cells. The prolonged proaccelerin time is itself not the result of proteolysis but could be an adsorption of factor V on the red cell surface.
Haemostasis in Haemophilia in Relation to the Haemostatic Balance in the Normal Organism and the Effect of Pea Nuts
Authors: Astrup Tage , Brakman Pieter , Ollendorff Preben , Rasmussen jørgen
Published: June 2018

The problems of haemostasis in haemophiloid patients are considered on the basis of a dynamic equilibrium between fibrin formation and fibrin resolution. It is suggested that the observation by Boudreaux and Frampton of an orally acting haemostatic factor in pea nuts is a result of a delayed fibrin resolution, caused by an antifibrinolytic compound, and not of a restoration of the plasma thromboplastin system (the antihaemophilic factor). This assumption is supported by the results of some preliminary experiments. The haemophiloid disorders represent a deviation in the normal haemostatic balance. For this reason they acquire a broader significance in the study of the physiology and pathology of tissue repair processes than represented by the number of patients carrying these diseases. Some implications concerning the pathogenesis of arteriosclerotic lesions are suggested.
Influence of Decalcifying Agents in Increasing Concentrations on the Stability of Human Platelets
Authors: Honorato R , Schindler G
Published: June 2018

1. The influence of 0.025 M, 0.1 M, 0.2 M sodium oxalate and of 0.2 M sodium citrate on the stability of human blood platelets was studied.

2. A diminution of the resistance of platelets to glass in the 0.025 M and 0.1.M sodium oxalate blood samples was observed.

3. This effect of oxalate was not observed when red blood cells were not present.
Procoagulant Material From Human Urine in Prothrombin Activation
Authors: Caldwell M June , von Kaulla Kurt N , von Kaulla Edith , Seegers Walter H
Published: June 2018

The procoagulant or P fraction obtained from human urine was analyzed to determine how it functions in the activation of purified prothrombin. Prothrombin converts to thrombin in the presence of P fraction, Ac-globulin, calcium chloride and either whole platelets or platelet factor 3. The yield of thrombin can be made to depend upon the concentration of P fraction. This conversion of prothrombin to thrombin can be partially or completely inhibited by adding various concentrations of soybean trypsin inhibitor introduced into the activation mixture.

When purified prothrombin was activated with platelet factor 3 and calcium chloride, the prothrombin activity, as measured by the two-stage assay, decreased. When it was at the lowest possible level, P fraction was added. Quite quickly prothrombin activity began to reappear, and soon 100% of the original prothrombin activity was accounted for as either prothrombin-R or thrombin.
Observations on the in vitro Effects of Chylomicra, Low-Density Lipoproteins and Phospholipids on Human Plasma Euglobulin Lysis
Authors: Pappenhagen Albert R , Koppel J. L , Olwin John H
Published: June 2018

Data have been presented on the in vitro effects of human chylomicra, low-density human plasma lipoproteins, and partially purified preparations of various phospholipids on human plasma euglobulin lysis. Euglobulin lysis was found to be accelerated by preparations of mixed soybean phospholipids (aso-lectin), cephalin, phosphatidyl inositol, phophatidyl serine and phosphatidyl ethanolamine. In contrast, it was found to be inhibited by preparations of human chylomicra, low-density human plasma liproproteins and lecithin. Inhibition of euglobulin lysis produced by any of these three agents could be diminished or completely overcome by the simultaneous presence of suitable levels of any one of the accelerating agents. In all cases studied, both inhibitory and accelerating effects were observed to be concentration-dependent. Evidence has been obtained to suggest that in the case of the accelerating agents the observed increased rate of euglobulin lysis is not a direct effect on lysis itself, but rather is due to more complete precipitation of plasminogen in the presence of these substances. On the other hand, it appears that the inhibitory effects observed are not related to the extent of plasminogen precipitation, but are actually true inhibitions of euglobulin lysis. The possible clinical significance of some of these observations has been briefly discussed.
Le purpura provoqué par hypertension veineuse (épreuve du brassard)
Authors: Roskam Jacques
Published: June 2018

Conclusions et résumé

L’épreuve du purpura provoqué qui fait appel à une dépression limitée à une très petite portion du tégument cutané d’une part, celle qui utilise l’hypertension veineuse résultant contre-pression exercée au niveau du bras avec lecture des résultats sur toute l’extrémité distale du membre supérieur d’autre part ont chacune leurs indications respectives.

D’application bien standardisée, la première a constitué, dans les mains de Robson et Duthie, de Kramar et al., un outil précieux pour l’étude méthodique, physio-pathologique et pharmacodynamique, de la résistance vasculaire.

Telle que conçue par l’auteur, la seconde apporte au clinicien averti de ses limites, des renseignements, tant quantitatifs que qualitatifs, d’un grand intérêt pour le dépistage des saigneurs latents et des petits saigneurs ainsi que pour l’estimation de la propension aux saignements incoercibles des sujets souffrant d’un syndrome hémogénique.