bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
National Holiday Anomaly in Pakistani Stock market: Evidence from Karachi Stock Exchange KSE 100 Index
Authors: MUHAMMAD NABEEL  , QAZI SIKANDAR HAYAT  , MUHAMMAD DAUD ALI
Published: December 2021

The study examined National Holiday Anomaly in Pakistani Stock Market. Specifically KSE 100 index data has been used by this study. The data of ten years (2004-2013) has been considered in order to check holiday anomaly. T-Test is used to check the presence of holiday anomaly. The study investigated holiday anomaly for each individual national holiday, each individual year and whole data sample. The results of all the three cases are insignificant suggesting the absence of National Holiday Anomaly in Pakistani Stock Market. The absence of such anomaly may be due to the nature of these holidays. As these holidays are not surrounded by any such activity which can affect the decision process of investors. Therefore based on the evidence provided by this examination the study can say that National Holiday Anomaly does not exist in Pakistani factors which need to be considered in order to understand Pakistani Stock Market in detail
Big Five Personality Characteristics and Its Effect on Task Conflict: A Case Study of Telecom Companies
Authors: NAILA SAYYED  , SAQIB SHAHZAD  , IHTESHAM KHAN  , DR. JEHANGIR
Published: December 2021

The study was an attempt to find out the effect of Myers Briggs Big Five personality characteristics on task conflict. The employees working in the telecommunication sector were considered as the population of the study. The employees were selected randomly. 180 questionnaires were distributed among employees. 127 properly filled questionnaires were received back from the respondents. The response rate was 70.56 percent. Simple Random sampling technique was used for the study. Analysis was used to testify the hypotheses of the study. As per the results of regression analysis big five personality characteristics were found to have significant effect on task conflict.
Performance Efficiency of Islamic Banks in Pakistan: An Application of CAMEL Model
Authors: ABDUL WASAI  , DR. SHAMS-UR-RAHMAN  , AAMIR KHAN
Published: December 2021

This paper aims at evaluating the soundness of Islamic banks working in Pakistan for the period 2008 to 2015. The current study comprises of five full fledge Islamic banks, actively working in Pakistan. The study applied CAMEL parameters to achieve its purpose. It has utilized capital adequacy, Asset quality, Management ability, Earnings ability and liquidity ratios of selected banks. The findings of the study show that although Islamic banks in Pakistan have adequate capital, yet they have limited asset management ability and substandard earnings ability during the selected time period. The study also depicted that Islamic banks have high degree of liquidity thus enjoying low bankruptcy risk. The findings of this study is of prime interest for the management and shareholders of the selected banks. On one hand, the results of this study provide an insight into the performance of these banks. On the other hand, the results also contain useful information for managers and policy makers as they could find and correct easily, the weak areas of their respective institutions.
Impact of Islamic Motives, Customer Profitability and Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction from Islamic Banks
Authors: ARSHAD KHAN  , SAYYAM  , ABDUR RAHMAN
Published: December 2021

Success of any Islamic banks greatly depends on consumers, so Islamic banks need to create ethical environment, where perception of Islamic banks are carefully developed. The persistence of this is explained the nature and pervasiveness of Islamic banking and to pinpoint the linkage between consumer’s satisfaction and banks performance in Pakistani Islamic banks. And also make out that customer preferred Islamic banks. Islamic banks sector was selected for the research, In order to obtain the required objectives, From Meezan bank and Bank Islami, Nowshera we selected 137customer’s, and data was collected from them through a well-designed questionnaire. SPSS (17.0) were used for analyze togetherthe data. The Cranach’s Alpha () Reliability methods were used to test the reliability of data. Findings exposed that there was significant and up relationship of ISLAMIC banks performance with customer’s satisfaction. So Islamic bank is strong predictor of customer’s fulfillment and determination of C’S depends upon on the Islamic banks performance of relationship.
Test of Mediating Effect of Employees’ Commitment between the Link of Employees’ Empowerment and Employees’ Turnover Intentions: A Study of Private Higher Educational Institutions
Authors: NIDA KHALID  , DR. SAJJAD AHMAD AFRIDI  , DR. MAQSOOD HAIDER  , DR. SAIMA BATOOL
Published: December 2021

The present study aimed to investigate the impact of employees’ empowerment on employees’ turnover intentions with mediating role of employees’ commitment in private higher education context. Data were collected from the faculty of the private higher educational institute via stratified random sampling. The collected data were verified through confirmatory factor analysis in AMOS. After confirming the validity the assumptions were tested via path analysis. Result revealed a negative significant effect of employees’ empowerment on employees’ intentions to quit. Moreover, the mediating effect of employees’ commitment was examined and found that fully mediates the association of employees’ empowerment and employees’ turnover intentions. The present study would be useful to the management and administration of the higher education to consider employees’ empowerment while retaining skill full employees and gain competitive advantage.
Customer’s Intention with Moderating Role of Pricing on Islamic Personal Financing of Pakistan
Authors: Sadia Saeed  , Dr. Hina Shahab  , Dr. Shehla Akhtar
Published: December 2021

Financial industries are rapidly accepting the Islamic banking system. Using theory of reasoned action (TRA) model the study investigates the three factors including attitude, religiosity and subjective norms in measuring the intention of customers to adopt Islamic banking products along with moderating role of pricing. The sample of 220 banks consumers from two cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad are gathered using convenient sampling. Regression results suggest that all three factors influence the intention of customers in buying Islamic banking products. Moreover, pricing moderates the relationship in developing intention of customer to adopt Islamic personal financing in the context of religiosity.The finding of the study identifies that Islamic bankers should adopt pricing policy based upon fair practices of Shariah. In addition awareness to people about Islamic products through marketing is essential in clearing their misconceptions towards investment in Islamic products.
Firm Profitability And The Administration Of Working Capital: Delving Into A Case Of The Cement Sector Of Pakistan
Authors: Farhan Ullah  , Farhan Ullah  , Dr. Mustafa afeef
Published: December 2021

This study endeavors to establish an association between the administration of working capital and firm returns in Pakistan’s cement sector. Ten companies listed in the cement industry of KSE 100 Index were taken from Pakistan Stock Exchange randomly. Financial data in secondary form was collected from the financial reports of cement firms of the country. The study employed return on assets as an explained variable and inventory turnover period in days, collection period in days, payment period, cash conversion cycle, sales in log, and liquidity ratios as explanatory variables while controlling for the influence offirm’s size and firm’s growth in terms of sales. It was found that the current ratio, log of sales, cash conversion cycle and inventory conversion period positively influenced the return of companies whereas size of the firm, collection period of receivables, payment period to creditors and the debt ratio of firms had a negative influence on it.
Effect of covid-19 on financial markets: Evidence from Pakistan, India and Italy
Authors: Muhammad Sohail Khalil  , Usman Ullah
Published: December 2021

The novel corona virus called as covid-19 spread worldwide affecting the health and economic status of countries all over the globe. The major aim of this study was to analyze the stock prices during the covid-19 pandemic. The sample of the study is taken from 15 May to 15 June 2020, stock prices as well as the covid-19 confirmed cases of three countries Pakistan, India and Italy. This study has both practical and theoretical implications. Investment behavior, efficient market hypothesis and the prediction of stock prices during the anticipated 2nd wave of covid-19 are some of the main points this study has covered. Further study is needed to examine pre, mid and post lockdown impact on stock prices. This study applied simple regression model to examine the impact of covid-19 on financial markets from 15 May to 15 June 2020 in Pakistan, India & Italy. The study findings were intriguing. The study findings indicate that there is positive significant relation among these variables (Positive cases and stock prices) on that period of time (15 May to 15 June 2020 in Pakistan, India & Italy). This research suggests that covid-19 confirmed positive cases had significant impact on financial markets during 15 May to 15 June 2020 on these three stock indices of Pakistan, India and Italy (KSE-100, SENSEX & FTSE Italia).
Integrating HRM and Leadership: A Proposed Framework for Effective Leadership in Contemporary Organization
Authors: Muzammel Shah
Published: December 2021

Despite the bulk of studies in the domain of leadership, there is still a dearth of agreement over what makes leaders effective. The objective of the present study is to address this gap by devising a model for leadership effectiveness in light of previous studies. The basic premise of the framework presented in this study is the same as Contingency leadership theory (Fiedler, 1964; 1967). To be successful, managers need to implement different leadership styles in different situations and that a particular leadership style would be most effective in specific circumstances. It is proposed that managers need to implement transactional or transformational leadership style and adopt associated HRM practices depending upon the level of LMX relationship which might lead to effective leadership in an organization. Effective people management requires that HR practices should be applied by a manager with a matching and consistent leadership style. Leadership effectiveness is enhanced if a manager uses a leadership style with supportive HR practices that best matches a particular group of subordinates. Moreover; uncovering the underlying relationship between HRM and leadership will help refine current methodological approaches in this area, guiding theoretical improvement and policy development related to HRM and leadership.
APPLICATION OF THE NET ASSET’S METHOD FOR EVALUATION OF THE WINE-PRODUCING ENTERPRISE’S FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY
Authors: Yordanova – Dinova Petya
Published: December 2021

In the current paper is presented one of the financial sustainability’s assessment, namely the method of net assets. Financial sustainability is over seed like long termed, stable financial state, backed by owned financial sources. Financial sustainability is differentiated in two general types – external and internal. External financial sustainability is connected with enterprise’s capability to settle its accounting interrelation with its counteragents and creditors. Internal financial sustainability suggests assurance of the assets with enough source of equity. The value of the net assets is important indicator, characterizing the structure of the capital and the determination of net asset’s level. The value of the net assets it’s in the base of determination of asset’s value, the financial leverage, the price and the equity’s rentability. The main object of this paper is the practical applications of the wine-producing enterprises financial sustainability evaluation through the method of the net assets. The outcome of paper’s research can be used by any stakeholders who are interested from this kind of economic activity.
ECONOMICAL REFORMS IN ALBANIA, WITH EU RECCOMENDATION
Authors: Ibrahimi Behije , Dumi Alba
Published: December 2021

The efficient use of human resources in the public administration, is an important element of the reforms expressed in the concept of “ performance” which means that the administration must go under a system of evaluation of the performance and the reforms do affect the factors that are related to the employees performance. The enforcement of the performance of the government, the improvement of the product, the quality, efficiency and effectively of the public organs, and their programmers, it’s important for us all, as having public services but also as tax p “ Whole”, 1989. It’s important to ensure some terms of the performance evaluation in the context of the reform.Albania is moderately prepared in the reform of its public administration. Efforts continued, resulting in some progress in the efficiency and transparency of public services delivery, training of civil servants, more transparent recruitment procedures, and the overall strengthening of merit-based civil service procedures. Consolidation of these achievements should advance further, to ensure a more efficient, depoliticized, and professional public administration. Albania's judicial system has some level of preparation.The implementation of comprehensive and thorough justice reform has continued, resulting in good progress overall. The reevaluation of all judges and prosecutors (vetting process) has started and is delivering first tangible results. This process has cross-party support, is carried out by an independent authority, is subject to international monitoring and its compatibility with the European Convention on Human Rights has been confirmed by the Venice Commission. Under the aegis of the European Commission, an International Monitoring Operation has been deployed to oversee the process throughout its implementation. Source: 2018 Report on Albania, Brussels 2018
PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR CULTURAL AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL ECONOMIES AND COMMUNITIES
Authors: Velev Evgeni , Vasilev Georgi
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze and present the problems and perspectives of the cultural and creative industries in the context of the sustainable development of local economies and communities. The authors argue that a deeper understanding of the cultural and creative industries, as a complex phenomenon that has a versatile and multi-layered impact, would allow local government representatives to benefit more fully from the results of their own investments, which is particularly valid for their social dimension, in terms of improving quality of life leading to population growth, attracting educated and active citizens, cultural diversity and community cohesionSome of the problems facing the cultural and creative industries related to the strategy and the vision for the sector are being analyzed, the regulatory framework, the incomplete functioning of the systems of culture, arts and education, the lack of a "shared communication vision" on the challenges and perspectives of the municipal and local authorities, the contradictory nature of individual regulations and regulations, the cumbersome procedures and notices of public service, etc.The study demonstrates the hypothesis that investment in cultural and creative industries has the potential to generate jobs, innovation and productivity, improve the quality of life on the ground, stimulate new ideas and thinking within the community, and influence a wide range of political priorities, which is a major reason for every sustainable municipality to be given the necessary attention and to direct the institutional and administrative resources for research, planning and development. Each of the local authorities needs to understand their importance and look for a form of investment appropriate to local circumstances, as CCIs and local administrations have mutual benefits from close cooperation and interaction. These benefits could be achieved through direct investments tailored to the needs of CCIs (eg through physical infrastructure, skills, networks and business support).The report is for scientific research project DN № 05/1, 14.12.2016 „Communicational Model for Interactive Educational Environment for Post – Graduate Professional and Vocational Studies in the Field of Cultural and Creative Industries“, with the financial support of National Science Fund (NSF) of Ministry of Education and Science (MES) of Bulgaria.
STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INTEGRATED INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTELLIGENT TOURISM
Authors: Nusheva Kamelia , Hadjieva Boryana
Published: December 2021

The authors explore and analyze the need for the sustainable functioning of an integrated information environment (IIE) to manage the development process of smart tourism, which would improve the tourist and cultural and entertainment infrastructure and adapt and apply good European and world practices and innovations in the adequate and appropriate use of tourism products, information and communication technologies, human, institutional, public and corporate resources.The purpose of this study is to highlight the importance of implementing a smart Bulgarian tourist product and the promotion of various intelligent tourist destinations and the need to model innovative organizational-management, functional-structural, production-performance and business processes based on an effectively functioning IIE; oriented to absorbing the potential of new regions, balanced regional development, improving the market positions of tourism in general, creative and river reactive industries.In the research it is argued that in Bulgarian conditions the formation of IIE for the management of the processes in the tourist sector and especially for the development of the intelligent tourism, facilitating the access of producers, consumers and intermediaries of tourist products and services to digital content, its use and exploitation at local, regional, national and supranational level would lead to an increase in entrepreneurial activity providing the basis for radical innovation in organizational structures and knowledge; emerging from the efficient use of the scientific and innovation potential, the technological modernization, the innovation-electronic infrastructure and the specific natural and historical-cultural resources of our country.The research tasks of the study require the use of interdisciplinary research tools: a thematic bibliographic study; studying models and good practices through information search strategies, working visits and fieldwork, and retrieving and structuring information; contextual modeling.The report is for scientific research project DN № 05/1, 14.12.2016 „Communicational Model for Interactive Educational Environment for Post – Graduate Professional and Vocational Studies in the Field of Cultural and Creative Industries“, with the financial support of National Science Fund (NSF) of Ministry of Education and Science (MES) of Bulgaria.
THE SALARY OF PUBLIC SERVANTS IN MACEDONIA (DE LEGE AND DE FACTO)
Authors: Bakievska Florina , Bakievska Mimoza
Published: December 2021

The subject of this paper is the salary of public servants as an institut of economic and legal nature, the manner of its establishment, the basis, as well as the legal criteria on which the calculation is based. The general assumption is that administrative officials in our country are divided into two large groups depending on whether they are employed in state bodies and local government bodies (civil servants) or in a public sector institution that performs public service (public servants). Considering the fact that it is the same type of employees who perform public interest matters, the assumption is the existence of de lege equal salary for an equal qualification level and title. The legal treatment of this institute refers to the conclusion that there is no imbalance in the result of all the determined parameters and criteria. But the direct application of the same provisions of the same law shows the presence of practical inconsistencies and different results for the same phenomenon, ie, an unequal salary for the same group of administrative officials. The idea is to perceive the selective approach in the application of such legal provisions and the consequences of such discriminatory potency. This means that there are situations where there is no equitable salary. The occurrence is more frequent when the administrative public official requests de facto application of the legal norms regarding the establishment of his salary according to the status of an official, thus starting the period of application of the right to equal access in determining the amount of salary of the administrative officials in accordance with the law. This research implements the method of analysis of the content of laws and other professional literature, as well as the still small number of filed and completed court cases in labor disputes. The results point to the conclusion that there is an equal legal basis but an unequal approach in calculating the salary of public and civil servants.
INTERACTIVE TEACHING METHODS IN A UNIVERSITY CLASSROOM
Authors: Mammadova Natavan
Published: December 2021

When I enter the classroom, I understand that I am no longer a source of knowledge for my students. That is, the role of the teacher, which I myself saw as a student, no longer exists. Perhaps this is logical. Why ask a single teacher if you can ask Google and Google ask everyone else. This is where the problem begins: Google provides hundreds of dissimilar options and 1000 similar answers for a single problem. How to analyze information correctly? Which data is relevant? Which sources should be trusted and which should not be considered? The teacher can help with these questions. The teacher in the student audience today is probably not a source of knowledge, but a guide. Interactive teaching methods are road signs on the way to knowledge and skills to apply it. With the help of interactive teaching methods, students, together with the teacher, explore a specific thematic problem, make presentations of their findings, learn to work both individually and in a group. Finally students acquire independent research skills. Interactive teaching methods include: Presentation, Cubism, Zigzag (mosaic), Brainstorming, Brainwriting, KWL Rolestorming, Aquarium, Auction, Carousel, Clustering, Case-study, Venn diagram, Design, Discussion, Debate, Decision Tree, Role-playing Games, Simulation, Survey, Verbal associations, Insert, Socrates dialogue, Synectics - the method of analogy, Staging, Cinquain, Round table, Conceptual table, Semantic feature analysis, Jigsaw, Think-Pair-Share, Three-step interview, Circle the Sage, Three-minute review, Numbered heads together, Team-Pair-Solo, Six Thinking Hats, Kanban, Scamper, 5 Whys, The Three Chairs Secret and many others. Some of them, the most frequently used by me, I consider in this article.My choice of these teaching methods is partly due to the fact that at Baku Business University, special trainings were conducted for the entire teaching staff on how to master these interactive teaching methods. Universities as an organization understand that the walls of the alma mater are no longer a source of static knowledge; they understand that knowledge itself undergoes changes and updates every day. They understand that today Life-long Learning is becoming more and more relevant. Life-long Learning as a modern approach reduces the value of formal learning. It is no longer necessary to spend many years at university, when you can start a professional career after the first stage of education and at the same time improve your education, which will be of an applied nature. Why do we say yes to interactive methods? Within the interactive training, qualities such as student autonomy, decision-making responsibility are shaped. Cognitive, creative, communicative, personal activity of students are developed.
"21ST CENTURY SKILLS" IN SECONDARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN BELGRADE - HOW TO PREPARE STUDENTS FOR A NEW GLOBAL SOCIETY?
Authors: Penjisevic Aleksandra , Bogdanova Margarita
Published: December 2021

Education in the Republic of Serbia, where is it today and whether special secondary vocational schools are changing to prepare students for "21st century skills"? The aim of this paper is to compare and map the schools with strategic orientation and definition of the vision, mission and content of the educational, structure, learning objectives, knowledge and skills development with strictly defined and generally recognized skills for the 21st century. The success of an educational institution, at any level of education, whether it is primary, secondary, or high, is reflected in the success of maintaining standards both in teaching and learning. "21st century skills" includes communication and cooperation; creativity and innovation; critical thinking and problem solving; information media and technology. Equipping students with effective tools and strategies to help them critically and logically think is a necessary preparation for coping with the challenges of the 21st century. It seems that schools, that is, Directors - managers who manage them, thinking about state schools, have not yet realized the importance of on-line advertising and presentations, especially missions, visions and strategic goals, so that potential service users choose easier the right ones. The presence on the Internet enables better brand recognition, greater loyalty of educational service users, more flexible adaptation to individual needs and habits, less operational costs which together contribute to better reputation, competitiveness, higher sales of services on the national or international market.
THE NATURE OF THE CONTEMPORARY COMMUNICATION IN THE CLASSROOM
Authors: Kјimova Gjorgjina
Published: December 2021

Teaching in the classroom is a very complex process. It is a multiplied communication process. In classrooms, communication often does not happen in a logical order, either just the teacher and one student to communicate, while others listen or wait patiently. The teacher talks to one student, another student asks a new question, the third gets stuck with the thoughts ... While such moments occur, overlapping interactions and distortions can occur. The only way to manage such complicated situations is to understand and adopt the key features of classroom communication. One part of the features has to do with the functions or goals of communication, especially with the balance of speech related to the content, the procedure and the control speech. Other features are related to the nature of nonverbal communication that complements, sometimes even contradicting what is said orally. Third characteristics are related to the unwritten expectations of students and teachers about how to participate in certain types of activities in the school, called the participation structure. Communication functions are accomplished through the content of communication, the communication procedure and control communication. The content of the speech focuses on what is supposed to be palnable to be processed at a certain lesson by a particular subject. The procedural speech refers to the existence of administrative rules or routines necessary for achieving the goals in the classroom. Controlling speech is about preventing or correcting wrong reactions when they occur, especially when false reactions are not due to ignorance. Nonverbal communications are gestures or behaviors that transmit information, often simultaneously with the spoken words. In principle, a large number of structures for participation in communication in teaching activities in the classroom are possible, the most frequent are explications, questions and answers, discussions, group work. In order to be effective in the use of verbal communication, teachers should use appropriate content-related content strategies, such as using predefined organizers, linking new information with prior knowledge, and organizing new information structures for the benefit of students. It includes strategies that help students communicate, such as learning with research and cooperative learning.In the context of monitoring the situation in our schools for the educational communication process, the article displays theory and empirical research in 5 primary schools in the Republic of Northern Macedonia.
DROPOUTS FROM SCHOOL - PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
Authors: Gyoreva Rumyana
Published: December 2021

Dropping out of school is a complex phenomenon and problem of education systems not only in Bulgaria but also in Europe and worldwide. He is social and governance issues at both state level and at the regional, local and institutional levels. Unfinished school and dropout rates leads to adverse consequences for learners themselves and for society as a whole.The report provides a brief overview of the reasons for distancing from school as a community and dropping out of school. Analyzed are data on school leavers students. Comments are personal, social and economic consequences of dropping out of the school system. Discussed policies for prevention of dropping out of school and ways to tackle the problem.The report presented practices in Bulgaria, which are applied to prevent students from dropping out of school and solve the problem. It considered developed by the government mechanism for collaborating institutions, coverage and retention in the education of children and students in compulsory preschool and school age. It applies to students who are compulsory training, but not enrolled in school students at risk of dropping out of the education system or who have already left school. The statement analyzing the joint efforts of experts and institutions in the field of educational and social activities and other bodies concerned with the issue. Submitted and the measures that apply in Bulgaria to complete the stages of primary education for drop-education students in previous periods.Place the focus on the role of team cooperation to prevent students from dropping out of school, and for the return of students to school and allow them to finish classes and educational stages of school education system.The report makes conclusions and recommendations for future measures to prevent the phenomenon of dropping out of school, paying attention to the interaction between school and family, and motivation of students to visit the school.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR IN THE PRIVATE AND STATE MIDDLE SCHOOL
Authors: Shehova – Kanelova Mariana , Slavova Philipova Nevena
Published: December 2021

The organizational culture is a factor that determines the individual and group behavior of people in the organization. The idea of the organizational culture is abstract, as it can not be seen nor touched, however it spreads everywhere and influences the ongoing processes in the organization. There are a number of definitions of the term "organizational culture" in modern literature, with no single commonly accepted definition. A survey questionnaire was used in conducting the present study, its issues reflect the design of organizational culture and organizational behavior in the studied schools in the daily activities of their teachers. Knowledge of the organizational culture is of particular importance in the field of governance for the development of successful policies, strategies and practices. The successful development of a culture would be easier only by perceiving its elements and their manifestations.
PERSON – ORIENTED APPROACH AND ITS EVOLUTION VIEWS
Authors: Bozhurska Gergana
Published: December 2021

In the context of the globalizing world and the modern information age, a question of present interest in the organization of the learning process is the implementation and applying of the person-oriented approach. The advanced functions of the educational interaction aim to promote the child's individuality in common forms of activity. The unity of the pedagogical communication functions (educative, training and corrective) is necessary to ensure the child, the group and the aging microclimate in organizing the child-environment interaction. Achieving optimal pedagogical communication is part of a thorough reflection on educational strategies and a transition to the personality-oriented nature of the educational process. In fact, the construction of a person-oriented approach requires an understanding of both the whole and the parts, in the context of the whole. In this connection, the theoretical basis can be linked to the student-centered teaching explanation as its principal consumer, which is aimed at satisfying the needs of the child and achieving individual growth through intense interaction among all characters involved in this interaction. The basis of the person-oriented approach is the value of the educator towards the child, the childhood as a unique period of his life related to the affirmation of child`s active position.
EFL FRAMEWORKS FOR CULTURE TEACHING AND CULTURAL RELATIVISM
Authors: Poshka Agim
Published: December 2021

This study analyses how culture is covered in English as a Foreign Language classes but also in the teaching materials. There is also a continuous parallelism regarding the aspects of cultural relativism in English language teaching. The study analyses cases from the publisher of English language teaching materials (EFL) and reflects on how this concept is this perceived among scholars in England, Japan and North Macedonia.A list of precautions are suggested which aim to serve as an example of the need that native cultures have to protect themselves from global (or sometimes the popular) culture. It is realistic to expect that globalization can and will impact even the most isolated culture, but it also becomes the responsibility of the popular or global culture (in this case, the English Language) and the designers of the Teaching Materials(TM) in the Foreign Language to take into consideration local/native cultural specifics. This alertness would not only protect the native or L1 language, but it would add more value to the teaching materials since it is not as superficial as are present materials. The incorporation of many national and even local elements increases the effectiveness of the teaching materials and, through the methodological approaches, bridges the gaps between L1 (Native culture) and L2 (Target Culture).In order to conceptualize the impact that global/popular culture has on a native language, researchers have offered a number of frameworks. These frameworks analyse the root that the Foreign language uses to impact the native language. In one of the studies from prof. Michel Byram in his research on Culture studies in foreign language education (1989) elevates the phenomena to a different level by speaking about the “hidden” curriculum in second and foreign language teaching. In this context he indicates that language teaching can rarely be purposeful without implicitly teaching the culture of its speaker. There are a number of frameworks that have been offered as analyses of Culture teaching in teaching English as a Foreign Language. One of the frameworks, which was conducted through analyses of the Japanese market in English as a foreign language (EFL) publications, is offered by Ito Horumi in his article “A New Framework of Culture Teaching for Teaching English as a Global Language.” He depicts the impact that Globalization and English as a global language have to the Japanese Culture. The impact is evident in the (as he calls them) “Changes in Cultural Orientation of English Textbooks”.The study also suggests educational frameworks that could be implemented in a local context and use English as common ground but also neutral territory for students of different ethnic or cultural groups.
APPLICATION OF THE READING COMPREHENSIVE STRATEGIES IN THE FIRST PRIMARY DEVELOPMENT CYCLE
Authors: Zenki-Dalipi Arbresha
Published: December 2021

As a process that evolves and develops throughout life, literacy is the basic skill with which it begins and on which all formal education depends. The "instrument" in question represents academic ability which excludes only the recognition and decoding of letters. Reading, i.e. reading comprehension in contemporary pedagogical literature is explained as a progressive analytical-synthetic process that incorporates the components of literal recognition as a code, their relation, to the understanding of the meaning, namely the transaction that appears in the middle of the text and readers.Supported by proven pedagogical practice and various researches in this field, it has been found that readers' change in metacognitive and strategic readers is achieved through the use of reading strategies. These conscious and unparalleled plans without which reading comprehension cannot achieve its objectives are explained as intentional ways with the opportunity for a metacognitive reader to apply appropriate strategies as conscious actions.Given the fact that reading comprehension strategies and instructional reading lie in complementary relationships, the aim of this research is to study the level of application of reading comprehension strategies, as well as application efficiency and quality enhancement learning when applying the strategies in question.In order to move within the overall framework of this research, which bases the analysis of the size and efficiency of the application of reading comprehension strategies, the research refers to the comparative data of two groups of students, respectively 180 students divided as experimental group ( 90 pupils) and controller (90 students). In addition to the data we possess from participatory research, we will use statistic methods to analyze the differences between the experimental group and the control to analyze the differences between the two groups above. In order to answer the questions on which the study is led, as relevant data, we also use the answers obtained from the questionnaires with assessment scale of 23 teachers.In addition to helping to support the hypotheses raised, the obtained results also reflect the implications of the findings and the submission of other scientific questions that address this problematic. Sublimated results provide elaborated and justified suggestions.
THROUGH SHORT PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES TO INCREASED CONCENTRATION AND DISCIPLINE DURING LESSONS AT SCHOOL
Authors: Vodjanik Lidija , Bogeska Tanja
Published: December 2021

School-age children are often not concentrated and focused. Any external stimulus may distract their attention from the activity they started doing, hence it is very important to teach them how to ignore the peripheral stimuli. The focus is achieved by exercising.Unfortunately, children at an early age face different conflicts: excessive desire for success, inadequate living conditions, as well as high pressure from the surrounding, punishment, lack of love.Concentration is promptly encouraged if the child is motivated. Children must be physically and mentally healthy, and this goal is achieved with proper nutrition and sufficient sleep, also the physical activity increases concentration and discipline. Only then are they ready and interested in gaining new knowledge.Obstacles in teaching are called all those events that interrupt, or disable the learning and teaching process.The development of the learning process is divided into external and internal, such as physical and psychological stability (security), peace, attention, concentration. Disruption can be caused by students, teachers and external factors: loud wailing, verbal or physical violence, nervousness, gossip or sarcasm from teachers, street noise, weather disasters, etc.For the needs of this study, through short physical activities to increased concentration and discipline during lessons at school, questionnaires for teachers and students were conducted in order to perceive their opinions.Acquiring knowledge about the need for short physical activities in the classroom, in order to increase concentration and discipline during lessons.A quantitative research was conducted, to determine opinions on the introduction of short physical activities during lesson, in order to improve concentration and discipline during lessons, all that, with the aim of increasing success and curriculum adoption among students. In total, 207 students and 12 teachers from elementary school were enrolled. A questionnaire was conducted with each teacher in order to determine the attitudes of different topics.The dominance of the positive attitudes of teachers and students towards all the topics of the survey questionnaire points out and shows us that at schools there is a need for moving – short physical activities during the lesson, because during lessons students are sitting in a static position for a longer period of time. The short physical activities positively affect the next part of the lesson and the physical activity helps students increase their concentration while adopting new teaching units, positive working environment, motivating in all aspects that are important to a quality educational process.
ADSORPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF NATURAL POROUS SORBENTS
Authors: Atkovska Katerina , Jakupi Shaban , Aliu Flakrim , Kuvendziev Stefan , Marinkovski Mirko , Lisichkov Kiril
Published: December 2021

Zeolites are nano-porous crystalline aluminosilicates. Natural zeolites are non-toxic and safe for humans which expand their application in different fields. Clinoptilolite is the most abundant natural zeolite with high purity that occurs in many parts of the world. It has a frame structure in which the tetrahedra of silicon [SiO4/2] and aluminium [AlO4/2]- are interconnected with oxygen bridge. Cations like K+, Na+ and Ca2+ and water are located in its pores and large cavities. Zeolites have high ion exchange capacity, selective adsorption capacity and thermal and mechanical stability.In this paper, the characterization of the natural zeolite - clinoptilolite from Bulgaria is performed. The investigated clinoptilolite was characterized in terms of its chemical composition, particle size distribution, structural morphology (SEM, XRD, FTIR) and thermal analysis. The chemical analysis show that clinoptilolite contains 69.7% of SiO2 and 11.4% of Al2O3. As specific surface area is the most important characteristic of the materials when used as adsorbents (the most common application of the zeolite) the specific surface area of clinoptilolite was obtained from data of equilibrium adsorption of water vapor at 25oC and using the BET method with nitrogen. To enhance its adsorptive properties clinoptilolite was modified (mechanically activated) and its specific surface area was also determined.
SEISMIC ZONES AND SEISMICITY OF THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA
Authors: Drogreshka Katerina , Najdovska Jasmina , Chernih-Anastasovska Dragana
Published: December 2021

According to all sources of data available to the Seismological Observatory the seismic activity in the Republic of North Macedonia is mainly tectonic, with the exception of weak collapse earthquakes. This seismic activity is caused by its affiliation to the Mediterranean area of the Alpine-Himalayan orogeny belt. Epicentral areas belong to the three main seismic zones, West-Macedonian seismic zone, Vardar seismic zone and East-Macedonian seismic zone. Three secondary seismic zones, transverse to the main seismic zones, are also defined. Each of these zones is characterized by а specific time and space distribution of earthquake locations, with frequent seismic microactivity, lot of minor to light earthquakes and very rare moderate to major earthquakes. Observed seismic activity on the territory of the Republic of North Macedonia has a main role for the evaluation of the seismic hazard of the specific territory.
ENGINE ROOM SIMULATORS - WAYS AND TACTICS FOR ACHIEVING SAFETY IN THE MARINE BOILER ROOM
Authors: Bakalov Ivaylo
Published: December 2021

The maintenance and inspection of the boiler system is extremely important for our safety and correct operation of the boiler. Therefore, daily, weekly, monthly, half yearly and yearly check of the boiler components are provided. Engine room simulators are used to support critical crew training objectives. The simulators provide a complete scientific insight into systems, machines, mechanisms and everyday operation, detection and correction of problems. In addition, engine room simulators help teamwork, adaptation to different situations, and decision-making in a crisis situation. The deployment of new and more sophisticated systems for master and auxiliary machinery management required the development and implementation of special automated training systems. These modern tools have led to time savings, a resource and a significant increase in learning efficiency. Most of the fires in a machine and boiler room are caused by a cracked pipe combined with a hot surface. It is necessary to professionally and quickly respond to the discovery and removal of the problem. Engine room problems affect not only the crew there, but also the safety of the entire ship. Upon occurrence of malfunctions, students / operators respond to a check sheet or model of work. Too often, technical failures are present as a concomitant cause of accidents, but this can not always be detected and reported. Augmented reality as an approach to interaction provides unlimited opportunities to familiarize operators and learners with real-time knowledge and environment. Adding elements of the added reality to a purely engineering environment such as machine room work (simulator) transforms the way engineering engineers interact with technology, equipment, and provides unlimited access to knowledge. The concrete model of a ship used in the machine simulator is the MAN B&W 6S50MC-C Diesel Engine Product Tanker of the ERS TehSim 5000 simulator for ship mechanics, connected to the navigation simulator, providing feedback to the engine room. Work on the power of such a ship is extremely important in response to the growing global demand for energy accompanied by limited emission of harmful emissions.
ÇEVRİMİÇİ ALIŞVERİŞ BAĞLAMINDA TÜKETİCİLER TARAFINDAN ALGILANAN GİZLİLİK ENDİŞESİNİN KİŞİSEL BİLGİ KORUMA DAVRANIŞINA ETKİSİ
Authors: AVCILAR Mutlu Yüksel , GÜREŞ Nuriye , BOZKURT Sıddık , AÇAR Mehmet Fatih
Published: December 2021

Çevrimiçi alışveriş kapsamında, işletmeler mal ve hizmetlerini geliştirebilmek ve rekabet avantajı sağlayabilmek için tüketicilerin kişisel bilgilerine ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Diğer yandan, tüketiciler çevrimiçi alışveriş işlemlerinde, paylaştıkları kişisel bilgilerin kötüye kullanılma olasılığı nedeniyle oluşabilecek gizlilik sorunları (ihlalleri) ile ilgili endişe ve korkuya kapılabilmektedir. Bu endişe ve korkuya bağlı olarak tüketiciler; çevrimiçi faaliyetlerde bulunan işletmelerin talep ettikleri bilgileri çarpıtarak verme, talep edilen bilgileri vermemek için alışveriş işlemlerini iptal etme veya bilgi istemeyen başka sitelerden alışveriş yapma gibi kişisel bilgilerini korumaya yönelik davranışlarda bulunabilmektedir. Bu kapsamda çalışmanın amacı, tüketicilerin algıladıkları çevrimiçi gizlilik endişesinin, finansal kayıp ve itibar kaybı korkusu aracılığıyla, kişisel bilgi koruma davranışı üzerindeki etkisini tespit etmektir. Araştırma sürecinde, 154 üniversite öğrencisinden çevrimiçi anket tekniğiyle elde edilen veriler, Yapısal Eşitlik Modelinden yararlanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucuna göre, tüketicilerin algıladıkları çevrimiçi gizlilik endişesinin finansal kayıp ve itibar kaybı korkusu aracılığıyla, kişisel bilgi koruma davranışını etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, itibar kaybı korkusunun finansal kayıp korkusuna göre, kişisel bilgi koruma davranışı üzerinde daha yüksek düzeyde etkiye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarının genel olarak, literatüre, araştırmacılara ve karar alıcılara katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir.