bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigate the Possibility of Using Phosphorescence in Clinical Oncology as an Early Prognostic Test in Detecting Brain Carcinogenesis
Authors: Vinnyk Yuriy O. , Kryvoruchko Igor A. , Boyko Valeriy V. , Ivanova Yulia V. , Gramatiuk Svetlana , Sargsyan Karine
Published: April 2023

Phosphorescence is considered one of the non-invasive glioblastoma testing methods based on studying molecular energy and the metabolism of L-tryptophan (Trp) through KP, which provides essential information on regulating immunity and neuronal function. This study aimed to conduct a feasibility study using phosphorescence in clinical oncology as an early prognostic test in detecting Glioblastoma. This study was conducted on 1039 patients who were operated on with follow-up between January 1, 2014, and December 1, 2022, and retrospectively evaluated in participating institutions in Ukraine (the Department of Oncology, Radiation Therapy, Oncosurgery, and Palliative Care at the Kharkiv National Medical University). Method of protein phosphorescence detection included two steps. During the first step, of luminol-dependent phosphorescence intensity in serum was carried out after its activation by the light source, according to the spectrofluorimeter method, as follows. At a temperature of 30 °C, serum drops were dried for 20 min to form a solid film. After that, we put the quartz plate with dried serum in a phosphoroscope of luminescent complex and measured the intensity. With the help of Max-Flux Diffraction Optic Parallel Beam Graded Multilayer Monochromator (Rigaku Americas Corporation) following spectral lines as 297, 313, 334, 365, 404, and 434 nm were distinguished and absorbed by serum film in the form of light quantum. The monochromator exit split width was 0.5 mm. Considering the limitations of each of the non-invasive tools currently available, phosphorescence-based diagnostic methods are ideally integrated into the NIGT platform: a non-invasive approach for visualizing a tumor and its main tumor characteristics in the spatial and temporal order. Because trp is present in virtually every cell in the body, these fluorescent and phosphorescent fingerprints can be used to detect cancer in many different organs. Using phosphorescence, it is possible to create predictive models for GBM in both primary and secondary diagnostics. This will assist clinicians in selecting the appropriate treatment option, monitoring treatment, and adapting to the era of patient-centered precision medicine.
Australian Catholics’ Lived Experiences of COVID-19 Church Closures
Authors: Martyr Philippa
Published: April 2023

In 2020, Australian Catholic churches closed due to COVID-19 restrictions, but there has been little qualitative data published on the lived experience of churchgoing Catholics in this period. Data from 175 Australian churchgoing Catholic survey participants who left responses describing their COVID-19 worship experiences as part of a larger project revealed five major themes: ‘Church and State’, ‘Blessings in disguise’, ‘Polarisation’, ‘Future proofing’, and ‘Loss’. Respondents expressed a diverse range of views about the church leadership, lockdowns, conspiracy theories, the merits and deficits of online worship, and their own thriving or suffering during church closures.
Role of global public sector research in discovering new drugs and vaccines
Authors: Stevens Ashley J. , Benson David E. , Dodson Sara E. , Jensen Jonathan J. , Rohrbaugh Mark L.
Published: April 2023

Analysis of international public-sector contributions to Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs and vaccines allows for a more thorough examination of the global biomedical innovation ecosystem by institution of origin. Using new and existing methods, we have identified 364 FDA-approved drugs and vaccines approved from 1973 to 2016 discovered in whole or in part by Public Sector Research Institutions (PSRIs) worldwide. We identified product-specific intellectual property contributions to FDA-approved small molecule and biologic drugs and vaccines from the FDA Orange Book, our peer network, published studies, and three new sources: reports of medical product manufacturers’ payments to physicians and teaching hospitals under The Sunshine Act of 2010, a paper by Kneller and 64 royalty monetization transactions by academic institutions and/or their faculty that one of us (AS) maintains. We include a total of 293 drugs discovered either wholly by a US PSRI or jointly by a U.S. and a non-U.S. PSRI. 119 FDA-approved drugs and vaccines were discovered by PSRIs outside the U.S. Of these, 71 were solely discovered outside the US, while 48 also involved intellectual property contributions by US PSRIs. In the context of the global public sector landscape, the US dominates drug discovery, accounting for two-thirds of these drugs and many of the important, innovative vaccines introduced over the past 30 years. Contributions by Canada, UK, Germany, Belgium, Japan, and others each amount to 5.4% or less of the total.
The use of PROMIS measures in clinical studies in patients with inflammatory arthritis: a systematic review
Authors: Teuwen M. M. H. , Knaapen I. R. E. , Vliet Vlieland T. P. M. , Schoones J. W. , van den Ende C. H. M. , van Weely S. F. E. , Gademan M. G. J.
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Although the use of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measures is widely advocated, little is known on their use in patients with inflammatory arthritis. We systematically describe the use and outcomes of PROMIS measures in clinical studies involving people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).

Methods

A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Through a systematic search of nine electronic databases, clinical studies including patients with RA or axSpA and reporting the use of PROMIS measure were selected. Study characteristics, details of PROMIS measures and their outcomes, if available, were extracted.

Results

In total, 29 studies described in 40 articles met the inclusion criteria, of which 25 studies included RA patients, three studies included axSpA patients and one study included both RA and axSpA patients. The use of two general PROMIS measures (PROMIS Global Health, PROMIS-29) and 13 different domain-specific PROMIS measures was reported, of which the PROMIS Pain Interference (n = 17), Physical Function (n = 14), Fatigue (n = 13), and Depression (n = 12) measures were most frequently used. Twenty-one studies reported their results in terms of T-scores. Most T-scores were worse than the general population mean, indicating impairments of health status. Eight studies did not report actual data but rather measurement properties of the PROMIS measures.

Conclusion

There was considerable variety regarding the different PROMIS measures used, with the PROMIS Pain interference, Physical function, Fatigue, and Depression measures being the most frequently used. In order to facilitate the comparisons across studies, more standardization of the selection of PROMIS measures is needed.
Waviness Affects Friction and Abrasive Wear
Authors: Li Yulong , Garabedian Nikolay , Schneider Johannes , Greiner Christian
Published: April 2023

Abrasive wear can have a detrimental effect on machinery, especially in the mining and construction industries. To prolong machinery lifetime and cut down energy consumption, a thorough understanding of abrasive wear is essential: surface topography measurement and interpretation (including form, waviness, and roughness) are vitally important. However, the potentially crucial influence of surface topography intricacies on tribological behavior has been obscured since roughness and waviness are considered simple scalar quantities in most cases (e.g., roughness Ra and waviness Wt). In this work, the complete waviness profile of the sliding track was used to shed light on the influence of surface topography on abrasive wear. Bearing steel (100Cr6, AISI 52100) pins and disks were tribologically tested in a flat-on-flat contact with Al2O3-based slurries as interfacial medium. Using slurries with two different particle sizes, 5 and 13 μm, we found that friction fluctuates only with small abrasive particles (5-µm slurry) and relatively low waviness disks. It was found that even small surface deviations (albeit minimized and controlled for) can significantly increase the friction coefficient—up to 91%. Remarkably, not only are frictional fluctuations strongly correlated with the disk’s initial waviness profile, but these small fluctuations correlate with unevenly distributed high wear. These findings enhance our understanding of the friction wear structure and provide the basis for exploring how surfaces can be optimized for better tribological performance.

Graphical Abstract
Efficient Implementation of Complex Multipliers on FPGAs Using DSP Slices
Authors: Paz Pedro , Garrido Mario
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we propose two efficient implementations of complex multipliers on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) using DSP slices. The first implementation aims for high throughput and the second one for low area. By mapping these circuits to the DSP slices in the FPGA, the proposed implementations have the advantage that they only require three DSP slices. Experimental results show that the proposed high-throughput implementation saves hardware resources with respect to previous approaches, while reaching the highest achievable clock frequency. Alternatively, the proposed low-area implementation reduces the amount of hardware resources even further at the cost of reducing the clock frequency.
Do teaching staff trust stakeholders and tools in learning analytics? A mixed methods study
Authors: Alzahrani Asma Shannan , Tsai Yi-Shan , Aljohani Naif , Whitelock-wainwright Emma , Gasevic Dragan
Published: April 2023

Learning analytics (LA) has gained increasing attention for its potential to improve different educational aspects (e.g., students’ performance and teaching practice). The existing literature identified some factors that are associated with the adoption of LA in higher education, such as stakeholder engagement and transparency in data use. The broad literature on information systems also emphasizes the importance of trust as a critical predictor of technology adoption. However, the extent to which trust plays a role in the adoption of LA in higher education has not been examined in detail in previous research. To fill this literature gap, we conducted a mixed method (survey and interviews) study aimed to explore how much teaching staff trust LA stakeholders (e.g., higher education institutions or third-parties) and LA technology, as well as the trust factors that could hinder or enable adoption of LA. The findings show that the teaching staff had a high level of trust in the competence of higher education institutions and the usefulness of LA; however, the teaching staff had a low level of trust in third parties that are involved in LA (e.g., external technology vendors) in terms of handling privacy and ethics-related issues. They also had a low level of trust in data accuracy due to issues such as outdated data and lack of data governance. The findings have strategic implications for institutional leaders and third parties in the adoption of LA by providing recommendations to increase trust, such as, improving data accuracy, developing policies for data sharing and ownership, enhancing the consent-seeking process, and establishing data governance guidelines. Therefore, this study contributes to the literature on the adoption of LA in HEIs by integrating trust factors.
Associations between personality and humor structure appreciation
Authors: Sulejmanov Filip , Dostál Daniel , Grundman Václav , Ruch Willibald
Published: April 2023

The current study investigates the associations between personality and humor structure appreciation. A total of 509 participants completed the Big Five Inventory–2 and the Humor Structure Appreciation Scale. The results showed that, as expected, open-mindedness was associated with a preference for nonsense (NON) over incongruity-resolution (INC-RES) humor, and it was negatively related to the aversiveness scores of NON humor. On the other hand, conscientiousness correlated with a preference for INC-RES over NON humor, and the facet of organization accounted primarily for this relationship. Focusing on the facets of open-mindedness, we found that aesthetic sensitivity and intellectual curiosity were related to preferring jokes with residual incongruities (NON humor) over jokes with a full resolution (INC-RES humor). Finally, we confirmed that extraverted individuals enjoyed humor more of all types, whereas negative emotionality related to generally finding both types of humor as not funny, but there was no significant association between negative emotionality and the total aversiveness score. The results are discussed in relation to previous theoretical accounts and empirical findings, and future avenues for further research are considered.
How to design platform ecosystems by intrapreneurs: Implications from action design research on IoT-based platform
Authors: Inoue Yuki , Takenaka Takeshi , Kasasaku Takami , Tamegai Tadafumi , Arai Ryohei
Published: April 2023

The recent technological evolution of the Internet of Things (IoT) and data sciences has created opportunities for intrapreneurs in non-platform firms to expand their businesses into platform ecosystem-related businesses. However, previous studies have typically focused on cases involving entrepreneurs. This study aims to clarify how intrapreneurs’ design for platform ecosystems could be different from that of entrepreneurs. We conducted an action design research (ADR) project in collaboration with a company for 29 months, and designed a platform ecosystem structure based on technological platforms related to radio frequency identifiers (RFID). Our main contribution is the following six-step process that describes how intrapreneurs design platform ecosystems: (1) designing an initial ecosystem structure based on platform ecosystem concepts and certain concepts related to the targeted market; (2) analyzing past business cases; (3) making the ecosystem structure into concrete shape; (4) verifying its validity; (5) elaborating the ecosystem structure; and (6) proposing the designed ecosystem business. Our findings highlight the differences between intrapreneurs’ and entrepreneurs’ designs of the ecosystem. First, when the design processes are underway, the direction of the design of the ecosystem needs to be flexibly modified to align with the strategy of the firm. Second, evidence for the success of the proposed platform ecosystem is required to reduce uncertainty and clarify the legitimacy of the proposition. Third, the structure of a platform ecosystem designed by intrapreneurs becomes a style that supports the existing businesses and networks of the firm.
City 5.0: Citizen involvement in the design of future cities
Authors: Becker Jörg , Chasin Friedrich , Rosemann Michael , Beverungen Daniel , Priefer Jennifer , Brocke Jan vom , Matzner Martin , del Rio Ortega Adela , Resinas Manuel , Santoro Flavia , Song Minseok , Park Kangah , Di Ciccio Claudio
Published: April 2023

A citizen-centric view is key to channeling technological affordances into the development of future cities in which improvements are made with the quality of citizens’ life in mind. This paper proposes City 5.0 as a new citizen-centric design paradigm for future cities, in which cities can be seen as markets connecting service providers with citizens as consumers. City 5.0 is dedicated to eliminating restrictions that citizens face when utilizing city services. Our design paradigm focuses on smart consumption and extends the technology-centric concept of smart city with a stronger view on citizens’ roadblocks to service usage. Through a series of design workshops, we conceptualized the City 5.0 paradigm and formalized it in a semi-formal model. The applicability of the model is demonstrated using the case of a telemedical service offered by a Spanish public healthcare service provider. The usefulness of the model is validated by qualitative interviews with public organizations involved in the development of technology-based city solutions. Our contribution lies in the advancement of citizen-centric analysis and the development of city solutions for both academic and professional communities.
Effects of sequential decay on collective flows and nuclear stopping power in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies
Authors: Xiao Kui , Li Peng-Cheng , Wang Yong-Jia , Liu Fu-Hu , Li Qing-Feng
Published: April 2023

In this study, the rapidity distribution, collective flows, and nuclear stopping power in $$^{197}$$

197

Au+$$^{197}$$

197

Au collisions at intermediate energies were investigated using the ultrarelativistic quantum molecular dynamics (UrQMD) model with GEMINI++ code. The UrQMD model was adopted to simulate the dynamic evolution of heavy-ion collisions, whereas the GEMINI++ code was used to simulate the decay of primary fragments produced by UrQMD. The calculated results were compared with the INDRA and FOPI experimental data. It was found that the rapidity distribution, collective flows, and nuclear stopping power were affected to a certain extent by the decay of primary fragments, especially at lower beam energies. Furthermore, the experimental data of the collective flows and nuclear stopping power at the investigated beam energies were better reproduced when the sequential decay effect was included.
Mathematics and Explanation
Authors: Pincock Christopher
Published: April 2023

This Element answers four questions. Can any traditional theory of scientific explanation make sense of the place of mathematics in explanation? If traditional monist theories are inadequate, is there some way to develop a more flexible, but still monist, approach that will clarify how mathematics can help to explain? What sort of pluralism about explanation is best equipped to clarify how mathematics can help to explain in science and in mathematics itself? Finally, how can the mathematical elements of an explanation be integrated into the physical world? Some of the evidence for a novel scientific posit may be traced to the explanatory power that this posit would afford, were it to exist. Can a similar kind of explanatory evidence be provided for the existence of mathematical objects, and if not, why not?
The Historical Jesus and the Temple
Authors: Barber Michael Patrick , Allison Dale
Published: April 2023

In this book, Michael Patrick Barber examines the role of the Jerusalem temple in the teaching of the historical Jesus. Drawing on recent discussions about methodology and memory research in Jesus studies, he advances a fresh approach to reconstructing Jesus' teaching. Barber argues that Jesus did not reject the temple's validity but that he likely participated in and endorsed its rites. Moreover, he locates Jesus' teaching within Jewish apocalyptic eschatology, showing that Jesus' message about the coming kingdom and his disciples' place in it likely involved important temple and priestly traditions that have been ignored by the quest. Barber also highlights new developments in scholarship on the Gospel of Matthew to show that its Jewish perspective offers valuable but overlooked clues about the kinds of concerns that would have likely shaped Jesus' outlook. A bold approach to a key topic in biblical studies, Barber's book is a pioneering contribution to Jesus scholarship.
Polynomial mean complexity and logarithmic Sarnak conjecture
Authors: HUANG WEN , XU LEIYE , YE XIANGDONG
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we reduce the logarithmic Sarnak conjecture to the
$\{0,1\}$
-symbolic systems with polynomial mean complexity. By showing that the logarithmic Sarnak conjecture holds for any topologically dynamical system with sublinear complexity, we provide a variant of the
$1$
-Fourier uniformity conjecture, where the frequencies are restricted to any subset of
$[0,1]$
with packing dimension less than one.
Global rigidity of higher rank lattice actions with dominated splitting
Authors: LEE HOMIN
Published: April 2023

Let
$\alpha $
be a
$C^{\infty }$
volume-preserving action on a closed n-manifold M by a lattice
$\Gamma $
in
$\mathrm {SL}(n,\mathbb {R})$
,
$n\ge 3$
. Assume that there is an element
$\gamma \in \Gamma $
such that
$\alpha (\gamma )$
admits a dominated splitting. We prove that the manifold M is diffeomorphic to the torus
${{\mathbb T}^{n}={\mathbb R}^{n}/{\mathbb Z}^{n}}$
and
$\alpha $
is smoothly conjugate to an affine action. Anosov diffeomorphisms and partial hyperbolic diffeomorphisms admit a dominated splitting. We obtained a topological global rigidity when
$\alpha $
is
$C^{1}$
. We also prove similar theorems for actions on
$2n$
-manifolds by lattices in
$\textrm {Sp}(2n,{\mathbb R})$
with
$n\ge 2$
and
$\mathrm {SO}(n,n)$
with
$n\ge 5$
.
Wave turbulence in geophysical flows
Authors: Le Bars Michael
Published: April 2023

Despite elegant theoretical descriptions and numerous potential applications in nature, the various features of wave turbulence and its associated transfers across scales are still debated. One reason is the difficulty, both experimentally and numerically, of studying a chaotic nonlinear wavy system with sufficient precision, over a sufficient duration, and with sufficient separation between the injection scale, the system scale and the dissipation scale, to dwell in detail on the description of a statistically converged state. The numerical study of Thomas & Ding (J. Fluid Mech., 2023, this issue) sheds new light on one key aspect of this global problem: the upscale transfer of waves in rotating shallow water equations, which is of relevance to atmosphere and ocean dynamics. Their results first confirm the theoretical predictions, with a robust inverse wave cascade, a predominant role of quartic resonances and a slope value of the wave spectrum in agreement with the expected range. But their deeper analysis of the results also highlights some weakness in the theoretical foundations, exhibiting strong intermittency and departure from ideal Gaussian statistics. This work thus calls for improved modelling, acknowledging that important large-scale climatic features could actually result from the piling up of small-scale waves, unresolved by typical Earth system models. Beyond rotating shallow water systems, this study more generically resonates with open questions in the field of wave turbulence and its geophysical applications, including recent research in deep rotating and stably stratified systems.
Examining the impact of schizotypal personality traits on event-related potential (ERP) indexes of sensory gating in a healthy population
Authors: Francis Ashley M. , Anderson T-Jay , Ross Lauren , Bissonnette Jenna N. , Napier Kaitlyn R. , Shead N. W. , Fisher Derek J.
Published: April 2023

The aim of this study was to better understand the relation of schizotypy traits with sensory gating ability in a sample of community-dwelling individuals with high and low schizotypy traits. Sensory gating was assessed through the paired click paradigm and mid-latency evoked responses (i.e., P50, N100, P200), while schizotypy traits were assessed through the SPQ-BR which was used to classify participants into “high” and “low” schizotypy groups. Based on prior work, we hypothesized that those with the highest schizotypy scores would have reduced sensory gating ability. While this study does not show differences between relatively low and high schizotypy groups on sensory gating ability, it does suggest that our participants may have been experiencing deficits in attention allocation, a downstream cognitive processing measure. Scores on the SPQ-BR suggest that our sample was not close to the high end of the schizotypy traits which may help explain why no differences were found. This research shows the importance of including all levels of schizotypy ratings in clinical research as we can gain a clearer view of the impact of schizotypy on the brain and cognitive functioning in those with “high” levels of schizotypy. Additionally, this work highlights the importance of including measures of important factors such as impulsivity and sensation-seeking to better understand what aspects of schizotypy may be driving these sensory gating alterations reported in the literature.
Weight loss associated with low-energy diets with different glycaemic loads does not improve arterial stiffness: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Perin Lisiane , Camboim Isadora G. , Schneider Cláudia D. , Lehnen Alexandre M.
Published: April 2023

We evaluated the effects of two low-energy diets with different glycaemic loads on arterial stiffness in adults with excess weight. This was a 45-day parallel-group, randomised clinical trial including seventy-five participants (20–59 years; BMI 32 kg/m2). They were assigned to two similar low-energy diets (reduction of ∼750 kcal.d−1) with macronutrient composition (55 % carbohydrates, 20 % proteins and 25 % lipids) but different glycaemic loads: high-glycaemic load (HGL 171 g.d−1; n 36) or low-glycaemic load (LGL 67 g.d−1; n 39). We evaluated: arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity, PWV); augmentation index (AIx@75); reflection coefficient; fasting blood glucose; fasting lipid profile; blood pressure and body composition. We found no improvements in PWV (P = 0·690) and AIx@75 (P = 0·083) in both diet groups, but there was a decrease in the reflection coefficient in the LGL group (P = 0·003) compared with baseline. The LGL diet group showed reductions in body weight (Δ –4·9 kg; P = 0·001), BMI (Δ –1·6 kg/m2; P = 0·001), waist circumference (Δ –3·1 cm; P = 0·001), body fat (Δ –1·8 %; P = 0·034), as well as TAG (Δ –14·7 mg/dl; P = 0·016) and VLDL (Δ –2·8 mg/dl; P = 0·020). The HGL diet group showed a reduction in total cholesterol (Δ –14·6 mg/dl; P = 0·001), LDL (Δ –9·3 mg/dl; P = 0·029) but a reduction in HDL (Δ –3·7 mg/dl; P = 0·002). In conclusion, a 45-day intervention with low-energy HGL or LGL diets in adults with excess weight was not effective to improve arterial stiffness. However, the LGL diet intervention was associated with a reduction of reflection coefficient and improvements in body composition, TAG and VLDL levels.
Design and analysis of active transtibial prosthesis function using 7-link inverse dynamic model of gait
Authors: Barooji Hossein Rostami , Ohadi Abdolreza , Towhidkhah Farzad
Published: April 2023

In today’s world, in order to increase the movement abilities of amputees, different types of passive prostheses are used according to the level of the person’s disability. Although these types of prostheses increase a person’s mobility; however, they still have a limited ability to help the amputee walk normally on uneven terrain, as there is no net stimulus input power for the target joint. These limitations have led to the growth of the use of active prostheses in recent years, which has led to a variety of prosthetic designs. The purpose of this research is, first of all, to provide a suitable design and control of active transtibial prosthesis close to the performance of lost limb of a healthy person, and second and more importantly, to develop a 7-link inverse dynamic model of human gait and use it to analyze of an amputee gait with the designed prosthesis. Winter’s reference data are used in the entire process of design and simulation of prosthesis performance. Also, it is assumed that the amputation occurred in only one leg of the person. Based on the obtained results, when an amputee with 57 kg weight and 1.55 cm height wears an active prosthesis designed with 0.5 kg extra weight, the amount of metabolic cost of amputee in the swing phase increases by about 20%. By using this obtained model, it will be possible to optimize different prosthesis designs for people with different weight and height conditions.
Intra- and interspeaker repetitiveness in Chengdu Mandarin locative variation
Authors: Li Aini , Tamminga Meredith , Hu Hai
Published: April 2023

In producing linguistic variation, language users display a tendency to reuse the same variant. This paper compares the empirical properties of different types of repetitiveness in a single case study: locative variation in Chengdu Mandarin. Using conversational data from sociolinguistic interviews, we ask whether within-speaker repetitiveness (persistence) and cross-speaker repetitiveness (convergence) behave similarly with respect to (1) their sensitivity to the linguistic similarity of the prime and target, and (2) their tendency to decline with greater temporal distance between the prime and target. Our results suggest that intraspeaker persistence and interspeaker convergence behave similarly in both respects. We therefore propose that repetitiveness has a common underlying mechanism within and across speakers and encourage future work aimed at testing this hypothesis across other variables and varieties.
Aggregate health shock and retirement decision
Authors: Jung SeEun , Suh Hyunduk
Published: April 2023

The retirement of old workers increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, and health concerns are considered to be a critical factor. To understand the effect of pure health concerns during the pandemic, we analyze the impact of the aggregate health shock on retirement decisions using a life cycle model. The aggregate health shock changes the economy from the normal state to the pandemic state, where the probability of adverse idiosyncratic health shock increases, especially if agents are working. Simulation results suggest that the shock accelerates the retirement of agents aged over 60. The increase in retirement is significant even though the shock is expected to be temporary. Also, the effect hinges on the assumption that working poses a greater risk of receiving a negative health shock than retiring. Even accounting for the large income and wealth changes that US households experienced in 2020, a counterfactual experiment suggests that the aggregate health shock plays a prominent role in increasing retirement.
The elastic origins of tail asymmetry
Authors: Nakano Satoshi , Nishimura Kazuhiko
Published: April 2023

Based on a multisector general equilibrium framework, we show that the sectoral elasticity of substitution plays the key role in the evolution of asymmetric tails of macroeconomic fluctuations and the establishment of robustness against productivity shocks. A non-unitary elasticity of substitution renders a nonlinear Domar aggregation, where normal sectoral productivity shocks translate into non-normal aggregated shocks with variable expected output growth. We empirically estimate 100 sectoral elasticities of substitution, using the time-series linked input-output tables for Japan and find that the production economy is elastic overall, relative to a Cobb-Douglas economy with unitary elasticity. In addition to the previous assessment of an inelastic production economy for the USA, the contrasting tail asymmetry of the distribution of aggregated shocks between the USA and Japan is explained. Moreover, the robustness of an economy is assessed by expected output growth, the level of which is led by the sectoral elasticities of substitution under zero-mean productivity shocks.
Mimetic Mechanicity: TheIron Foundryand Vernacular Internationalism in the 1930s
Authors: MASTERS GILES
Published: April 2023

In the 1930s, theIron Foundry, a short orchestral piece by the Soviet composer Aleksandr Mosolov, became hugely popular with audiences across Europe, North America, and beyond. Reassembling the fragmented archives of its performance and reception histories, this article sets out to follow the work on the circuitous routes that ensued. Addressing issues including programmaticism, the reception of Soviet music, and the history of comedy, I show how Mosolov's composition became a lightning rod for larger debates about concert music's relationships with modernity, politics, and mass entertainment. The case of theIron Foundry, I suggest, illustrates how the pleasures of machine aesthetics – and, more specifically, a stylized idiom of mechanized gesture distinctive to the period – became widely assimilated into what we might call the vernacular internationalism of the interwar middle classes.
Grundschulkinder in der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Wenter Anna , Hartl Stefanie , Sevecke Kathrin , Juen Barbara , Exenberger Silvia
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung: Theoretischer Hintergrund: Bei der COVID-19-Pandemie handelt es sich um eine globale Krise und internationale Studien zeigen Auswirkungen auf Kinder aus Sicht von Kindern und Eltern. Fragestellung: Da die COVID-19-Pandemie eine alle betreffende, neuartige Krisensituation darstellt, wurde in der vorliegenden qualitativen Teilstudie der COVID-19-Kinderstudie der Frage nachgegangen, welche Veränderungen bei den Grundschulkindern aus Pädagog_innensicht mit dieser Krisensituation einhergegangen sind. Methode: Hierfür wurden im Frühling 2021 11 Fokusgruppen mit 31 Nordtiroler Grundschulpädagog_innen durchgeführt und mit der Thematischen Analyse ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Sowohl Belastungsreaktionen als auch positive Veränderungen wurden beobachtet. Die Belastungsreaktionen konnten in Verhaltenssymptome, emotionale sowie körperliche Symptome unterteilt werden. Als positive Veränderungen wurden Verhaltensveränderungen und Veränderungen auf emotionaler Ebene beobachtet. Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung: Es gilt, die Belastungsreaktionen ernst zu nehmen, sowohl an den Schulen als auch von Seiten der Gesellschaft. Positive Veränderungen sollen als Ressourcen gefördert werden.
Observations of Elves and Radio Wave Perturbations by Intense Lightning
Authors: Tomicic Maja , Chanrion Olivier , Farges Thomas , Mlynarczyk Janusz , Kolmašová Ivana , Soula Serge , Lapierre Jeff , Köhn Christoph , Neubert Torsten
Published: April 2023

Electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) and quasi‐static electric fields (QE) from powerful lightning heat and ionize the lower ionosphere. The EMP disturbance may appear as an elve at ∼80–95 km altitude, and the QE field as a halo or a sprite at ∼60–80 km altitude. Both are thought to perturb crossing radio signals because of changes to the electrical conductivity of the regions. Here we present an analysis of 63 elves and corresponding radio signal perturbations from an almost stationary thunderstorm system that allows us to untangle some of the dependencies of perturbations on the lightning characteristics. The amplitude perturbations of a VLF‐transmitter signal are characterized as either long‐recovery, early events (LOREs) or as early events. We find that LOREs are related to lightning with high peak currents and bright elves, and that their sign (amplitude increase or decrease) depends on the relative locations of the transmitter, disturbance and receiver. Based on a subset of strokes, lightning with elves has on average ∼3 times the impulse charge‐moment‐change and power in broadband as lightning of similar peak currents without elves. The early events occur without observed elves, sprites or halos. They recover in ∼10–100 s and are observed for both polarities of cloud‐to‐ground lightning and for intracloud flashes. It is proposed that these observations may relate to regions of reduced conductivity caused by an electron attachment/detachment process at lower heights, or by electron enhancements associated with TLEs that are too dim to be detected by the camera.
Biogeochemical and Physical Assessment of CMIP5 and CMIP6 Ocean Components for the Southwest Pacific Ocean
Authors: Rickard Graham J. , Behrens Erik , Chiswell Stephen , Law Cliff S. , Pinkerton Matt H.
Published: April 2023

The biogeochemical (BGC) and physical capabilities of 16 CMIP5 and 16 CMIP6 Earth System models are examined in relation to present day (1976–2005) observational data sets for a region of the southwest Pacific Ocean (SWPAC). A relative ranking scheme enables identification of a “best” model ensemble over SWPAC, with the CMIP6 models having generally better physical representations compared to the CMIP5 set, but the BGC improvements less marked. For the period 2081–2100 using RCP8.5 and SSP585 for CMIP5 and CMIP6, respectively, we find significant surface temperature increases and mixed layer depth reductions compared to present day over SWPAC, and reductions in the macronutrients but increases in surface iron. Surface chlorophyll and zooplankton and integrated primary production are all found to decrease by end of century over SWPAC except for the southernmost waters. Sea surface salinity significantly freshens in Subantarctic Water, whereas the Tasman Sea is becoming saltier. Using our “best” ensemble, depth‐integrated area averaged chlorophyll and zooplankton are found to decrease by 11% and 16%, respectively, compared to present day over SWPAC, emphasizing that these surface decreases are manifest at all depths in the model.
CO2 Release Driven by the Combination of Sulfide Oxidation and Carbonate Dissolution in the Upper Changjiang River: Effect of Erosion and Lithology on Chemical Weathering
Authors: Liu Jinke , Han Guilin , Wang Di
Published: April 2023

The positive link between weathering and orogeny suggests that the drawdown of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) over the Cenozoic should be closely related to the enhanced silicate weathering caused by Cenozoic orogeny, especially the uplift of the Tibetan plateau. However, the uplift of orogens could also exhume carbonate and sulfide minerals, the coupling weathering of which can act as a source for atmospheric CO2 at the long‐term timescale and counteract the CO2 consumption by silicate weathering. In this study, the solute concentrations and isotopic ratios in the upper Changjiang River are determined to investigate the co‐weathering of silicate, carbonate, and sulfide minerals and its impact on the long‐term carbon cycle. An inverse mixing model incorporating elemental and isotopic ratios is established to quantitatively identify the sources of cations and weathering acids. The inversion of our samples reveals that carbonate weathering dominates the chemical composition of river water, even with the presence of secondary calcite precipitation. The sulfide oxidation widely occurs in the study area and the bulk of generated sulfuric acid is buffered by carbonate minerals. The erosion is decoupled from sulfide oxidation and chemical weathering, likely due to lithology and secondary calcite precipitation. Overall, we find that the CO2 release from sulfide oxidation coupled with carbonate dissolution exceeds the CO2 drawdown from silicate weathering in the Changjiang River basin, indicating the weathering will act as a source for atmospheric CO2 at the timescale between marine carbonate compensation (105 years) and sulfate reduction (<10 Ma).
Characterizing expression changes in noncoding RNAs during aging and heterochronic parabiosis across mouse tissues
Authors: Wagner Viktoria , Kern Fabian , Hahn Oliver , Schaum Nicholas , Ludwig Nicole , Fehlmann Tobias , Engel Annika , Henn Dominic , Rishik Shusruto , Isakova Alina , Tan Michelle , Sit Rene , Neff Norma , Hart Martin , Meese Eckart , Quake Steve , Wyss-Coray Tony , Keller Andreas
Published: April 2023

Molecular mechanisms of organismal and cell aging remain incompletely understood. We, therefore, generated a body-wide map of noncoding RNA (ncRNA) expression in aging (16 organs at ten timepoints from 1 to 27 months) and rejuvenated mice. We found molecular aging trajectories are largely tissue-specific except for eight broadly deregulated microRNAs (miRNAs). Their individual abundance mirrors their presence in circulating plasma and extracellular vesicles (EVs) whereas tissue-specific ncRNAs were less present. For miR-29c-3p, we observe the largest correlation with aging in solid organs, plasma and EVs. In mice rejuvenated by heterochronic parabiosis, miR-29c-3p was the most prominent miRNA restored to similar levels found in young liver. miR-29c-3p targets the extracellular matrix and secretion pathways, known to be implicated in aging. We provide a map of organism-wide expression of ncRNAs with aging and rejuvenation and identify a set of broadly deregulated miRNAs, which may function as systemic regulators of aging via plasma and EVs.
Single duplex DNA sequencing with CODEC detects mutations with high sensitivity
Authors: Bae Jin H. , Liu Ruolin , Roberts Eugenia , Nguyen Erica , Tabrizi Shervin , Rhoades Justin , Blewett Timothy , Xiong Kan , Gydush Gregory , Shea Douglas , An Zhenyi , Patel Sahil , Cheng Ju , Sridhar Sainetra , Liu Mei Hong , Lassen Emilie , Skytte Anne-Bine , Grońska-Pęski Marta , Shoag Jonathan E. , Evrony Gilad D. , Parsons Heather A. , Mayer Erica L. , Makrigiorgos G. Mike , Golub Todd R. , Adalsteinsson Viktor A.
Published: April 2023

Detecting mutations from single DNA molecules is crucial in many fields but challenging. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) affords tremendous throughput but cannot directly sequence double-stranded DNA molecules (‘single duplexes’) to discern the true mutations on both strands. Here we present Concatenating Original Duplex for Error Correction (CODEC), which confers single duplex resolution to NGS. CODEC affords 1,000-fold higher accuracy than NGS, using up to 100-fold fewer reads than duplex sequencing. CODEC revealed mutation frequencies of 2.72 × 10−8 in sperm of a 39-year-old individual, and somatic mutations acquired with age in blood cells. CODEC detected genome-wide, clonal hematopoiesis mutations from single DNA molecules, single mutated duplexes from tumor genomes and liquid biopsies, microsatellite instability with 10-fold greater sensitivity and mutational signatures, and specific tumor mutations with up to 100-fold fewer reads. CODEC enables more precise genetic testing and reveals biologically significant mutations, which are commonly obscured by NGS errors.
Multi-organ landscape of therapy-resistant melanoma
Authors: Liu Sixue , Dharanipragada Prashanthi , Lomeli Shirley H. , Wang Yan , Zhang Xiao , Yang Zhentao , Lim Raymond J. , Dumitras Camelia , Scumpia Philip O. , Dubinett Steve M. , Moriceau Gatien , Johnson Douglas B. , Moschos Stergios J. , Lo Roger S.
Published: April 2023

Metastasis and failure of present-day therapies represent the most common causes of mortality in patients with cutaneous melanoma. To identify the underlying genetic and transcriptomic landscapes, in this study we analyzed multi-organ metastases and tumor-adjacent tissues from 11 rapid autopsies after treatment with MAPK inhibitor (MAPKi) and/or immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and death due to acquired resistance. Either treatment elicits shared genetic alterations that suggest immune-evasive, cross-therapy resistance mechanisms. Large, non-clustered deletions, inversions and inter-chromosomal translocations dominate rearrangements. Analyzing data from separate melanoma cohorts including 345 therapy-naive patients and 35 patients with patient-matched pre-treatment and post-acquired resistance tumor samples, we performed cross-cohort analyses to identify MAPKi and ICB as respective contributors to gene amplifications and deletions enriched in autopsy versus therapy-naive tumors. In the autopsy cohort, private/late mutations and structural variants display shifted mutational and rearrangement signatures, with MAPKi specifically selecting for signatures of defective homologous-recombination, mismatch and base-excision repair. Transcriptomic signatures and crosstalks with tumor-adjacent macroenvironments nominated organ-specific adaptive pathways. An immune-desert, CD8+-macrophage-biased archetype, T-cell exhaustion and type-2 immunity characterized the immune contexture. This multi-organ analysis of therapy-resistant melanoma presents preliminary insights with potential to improve therapeutic strategies.
Thermodynamic determination of the equilibrium first-order phase-transition line hidden by hysteresis in a phase diagram
Authors: Matsuura Keisuke , Nishizawa Yo , Kriener Markus , Kurumaji Takashi , Oike Hiroshi , Tokura Yoshinori , Kagawa Fumitaka
Published: April 2023

In some materials exhibiting field-induced first-order transitions (FOTs), the equilibrium phase-transition line is hidden by the hysteresis region associated with the FOT. In general, phase diagrams form the basis for the study of material science, and the profiles of phase-transition lines separating different thermodynamic phases include comprehensive information about thermodynamic quantities, such as latent heat. However, in a field-induced FOT, the equilibrium phase-transition line cannot be precisely determined from measurements of resistivity, magnetization, etc, especially when the transition is accompanied by large hysteresis. Here, we demonstrate a thermodynamics-based method for determining the hidden equilibrium FOT line in a material exhibiting a field-induced FOT. This method is verified for the field-induced FOT between antiferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic states in magneto-electric compounds ($$\text {Fe}_{0.95}\text {Zn}_{0.05})_{2}\text {Mo}_{3}\hbox {O}_{8}$$

Fe

0.95

Zn

0.05

)

2

Mo
3

O
8

. The equilibrium FOT line determined based on the Clausius–Clapeyron equation exhibits a reasonable profile in terms of the third law of thermodynamics, and it shows marked differences from the midpoints of the hysteresis region. Our findings highlight that for a field-induced FOT exhibiting large hysteresis, care should be taken for referring to the hysteresis midpoint line when discussing field-induced latent heat or magnetocaloric effects.
Biotransformation and bioaccessibility of active ingredients from Radix Astragali by Poria cocos during solid-state fermentation and in vitro digestion and antioxidant activity evaluation
Authors: Chen Cai-Yun , Zhang Run , Zhang Li-Jie , Hu Zhi-Yong , Wang Shao-Ping , Mei Xue , Mi Wei , Zhang Jia-Yu
Published: April 2023

Radix Astragali is one of the most famous and frequently used health food supplements and herbal medicines. Among more than 227 components of Radix Astragali, Astragaloside IV (AG IV) is famous functional compound and is commonly used as a quality marker for Radix Astragali. However, the relatively low content of AG IV in Radix Astragali (< 0.04%, w/w) severely limits its application. The purpose of this study is to improve the biotransformation of AG IV and its bioaccessibility during in vitro digestion by Poria cocos solid fermenting Radix Astragali. The optimum fermentation conditions were as follows: Inoculation amount 8 mL; fermentation time 10 d; fermentation humidity 90%. Through fermentation, the content of AG IV was increased from 384.73 to 1986.49 μg/g by 5.16-fold. After in vitro digestion, the contents of genistin, calycosin, formononetin, AG IV, Astragaloside II (AG II) and total flavonoids in fermented Radix Astragali (FRA) of enteric phase II (ENTII) were 34.52 μg/g, 207.32 μg/g, 56.76 μg/g, 2331.46 μg/g, 788.31 μg/g, 3.37 mg/g, which were 2.08-fold, 2.51-fold, 1.05-fold, 8.62-fold, 3.22-fold and 1.50-fold higher than those of control, respectively. The Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of FRA showed rough surface and porous structure. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging rate of FRA were higher than those of control. These results showed that the Poria cocos solid fermentation could increase the content of the AG IV in Radix Astragali and improve the bioaccessibility and antioxidant activity of Radix Astragali, which is providing new ideas for future development and utilization of Radix Astragali.