bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pre-Treatment of Dairy and Breast Milk with Sevelamer Hydrochloride and Sevelamer Carbonate to Reduce Phosphate
Authors: Raaijmakers Renske , Houkes Lambertus M.W. , Schröder Cornelis H. , Willems Johannes L. , Monnens Leo A.H.
Published: May 2013

Introduction

Young children and infants with chronic kidney disease are at increased risk of hyperphosphatemia because of high intake of dairy products. Hyperphosphatemia leads to metastatic calcifications and an increased risk of cardiovascular complications. Sevelamer is an effective phosphate binder, but for children it has important practical disadvantages: it clogs enteral feeding tubes and can cause gastrointestinal complaints. Pre-treatment of dairy products to reduce their phosphate content might solve those problems.

Methods

Sevelamer hydrochloride and sevelamer carbonate were suspended in various dairy products (cow's milk, breast milk, baby formula, and tube-feeding formula). Each product was tested with varying concentrations of sevelamer. After suspension, each sample was stored for 10 minutes, allowing the sevelamer to precipitate. The supernatant was decanted and analyzed for pH and for phosphate, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and chloride content.

Results

We observed a significant decrease in the phosphate content of all tested products. With sevelamer hydrochloride, the phosphate reduction was 48% – 91% in the various products, and with sevelamer carbonate, it was 22% – 87%. The highest effectiveness was found in breast milk. A pH increase was found in all products. With sevelamer hydrochloride, a significant increase in chloride occurred. Notably, a significant decrease in calcium content (–75%) was observed in treated breast milk.

Conclusions

Pretreatment of a variety of dairy products with either sevelamer hydrochloride or sevelamer carbonate effectively reduced their phosphate content and might avoid troublesome ingestion of sevelamer in children. The change in pH with sevelamer hydrochloride was remarkable, reflecting buffering mechanisms. The reduction in the calcium content of breast milk is a potential concern and should be carefully considered and monitored during clinical use of sevelamer.
Metaanalysis of the Association of Smoking andPTPN22R620W Genotype on Autoantibody Status and Radiological Erosions in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Taylor Lyndsey H. , Twigg Sarah , Worthington Jane , Emery Paul , Morgan Ann W. , Wilson Anthony G. , Teare M. Dawn
Published: May 2013

Objective.

To investigate the interrelationships among smoking, protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 22 (PTPN22) R620W (rs2476601) genotype, and anticitrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) status; and among smoking,PTPN22R620W genotype, and presence of bone erosions overall and separately by ACPA status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods.

Six studies totaling 2680 patients with RA were included in a Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effects metaanalysis investigating ACPA status and up to 8 studies totaling 3172 patients with RA were included in a Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effects metaanalysis investigating presence of erosive damage.

Results.

Evidence was found for an increase in the odds of ACPA positivity for ever smoking (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.28–1.90, p = 8.5 × 10−6), carriage of at least 1 of thePTPN22risk alleles (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.13–2.00, p = 5.5 × 10−3) and both ever smoking and carriage of at least 1 of thePTPN22risk alleles (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.69–2.91, p = 8.3 × 10−9). There was no evidence of an association between presence of erosive damage and smoking status or carriage ofPTPN22risk alleles when analyzed overall or separately by ACPA status.

Conclusion.

This metaanalysis indicates that both smoking and thePTPN22risk allele are associated with the risk of ACPA positivity. There was insufficient evidence to establish a relationship in either direction betweenPTPN22and smoking with erosive damage, despite evidence that ACPA positivity is associated with erosive damage.
Classification and Diagnostic Investigation in Inflammatory Myopathies: A Study of 99 Patients
Authors: Danielsson Olof , Lindvall Björn , Gati Istvan , Ernerudh Jan
Published: May 2013

Objective.

Insights into the pathogenesis of inflammatory myopathies have led to new diagnostic methods. The aims of our study were (1) to evaluate the consequences of using the classification of Amato/European Neuromuscular Centre Workshop (ENMC) compared to that of Bohan and Peter; and (2) to evaluate any diagnostic benefit in using an extended pathological investigation.

Methods.

From a consecutive retrospective database, we evaluated 99 patients for classification. Patients with inclusion body myositis (IBM) were classified according to Griggs,et al. In addition to routine stainings and immunohistochemistry, a multilevel serial sectioning procedure was performed on paraffin-embedded material, to identify scarce pathological findings.

Results.

Classification according to Bohan and Peter could be performed for 83 of the 99 patients, whereas only 60 patients met the Amato/ENMC criteria, the latter resulting in the following diagnostic groups: IBM (n = 18), nonspecific myositis (n = 14), polymyositis (n = 12), dermatomyositis (n = 10), dermatomyositis sine dermatitis (n = 5), and immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (n = 1). Most of the Amato/ENMC diagnostic groups harbored patients from several of the Bohan and Peter groups, which included a substantial group lacking proximal muscle weakness. The serial sectioning procedure was essential for classification of 9 patients (15%), and led to a more specific diagnosis for 13 patients (22%) according to Amato/ENMC.

Conclusion.

The classification of Amato/ENMC was more restrictive, forming groups based on clinical criteria and specified myopathological findings, which clearly differed from the groups of the Bohan and Peter classification. An extended pathological investigation increased the diagnostic yield of a muscle biopsy and highlights the quantity and specificity of certain pathological findings.
Childhood-onset Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (formerly Churg-Strauss Syndrome): A Contemporary Single-center Cohort
Authors: Gendelman Samantha , Zeft Andrew , Spalding Steven J.
Published: May 2013

Objective.

To date only 38 cases of childhood-onset eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (cEGPA; formerly Churg-Strauss syndrome) have been reported. Additional patients with cEGPA could enhance the understanding of this rare and life-threatening condition. Our objectives were (1) to determine the frequency of specific organ system involvement; (2) to examine initial therapeutic regimen; and (3) to document disease and therapy-related morbidity in a contemporary cohort of patients with cEGPA.

Methods.

Retrospective review of patients evaluated at the Cleveland Clinic between 2003 and 2011 who met either American College of Rheumatology or Lanham criteria for EGPA and whose age was < 18 years at symptom onset.

Results.

Nine patients (8 female; 7 white) were identified. Median age at onset of rhinitis/asthma symptom was 13 years and median age at diagnosis of cEGPA was 15 years. All patients demonstrated eosinophilia, upper airway disease (allergic rhinitis, chronic sinusitis, and/or nasal polyps), and pulmonary involvement. Other frequently involved organ systems included musculoskeletal (67%), gastrointestinal (67%), cutaneous (67%), neurologic (56%), and cardiac (44%). Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) serologies were negative in all patients. The medications used most frequently for initial therapy included oral (44%) or intravenous corticosteroids (56%) and azathioprine (67%). Disease or therapeutic complications occurred in half of the cohort and included heart failure, stroke, and sequela from longterm, high-dose steroids.

Conclusion.

Eosinophilia, in combination with upper airway, pulmonary, musculoskeletal, neurologic, and cardiac manifestations, is frequently observed in cEGPA. ANCA titers are often negative. Steroids are the mainstay of initial therapy but steroid-related side effects occur regularly.
Variable Association of Reactive Intermediate Genes with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Populations with Different African Ancestry
Authors: Ramos Paula S. , Oates James C. , Kamen Diane L. , Williams Adrienne H. , Gaffney Patrick M. , Kelly Jennifer A. , Kaufman Kenneth M. , Kimberly Robert P. , Niewold Timothy B. , Jacob Chaim O. , Tsao Betty P. , Alarcón Graciela S. , Brown Elizabeth E. , Edberg Jeffrey C. , Petri Michelle A. , Ramsey-Goldman Rosalind , Reveille John D. , Vilá Luis M. , James Judith A. , Guthridge Joel M. , Merrill Joan T. , Boackle Susan A. , Freedman Barry I. , Scofield R. Hal , Stevens Anne M. , Vyse Timothy J. , Criswell Lindsey A. , Moser Kathy L. , Alarcón-Riquelme Marta E. , Langefeld Carl D. , Harley John B. , Gilkeson Gary S.
Published: May 2013

Objective.

Little is known about the genetic etiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in individuals of African ancestry, despite its higher prevalence and greater disease severity. Overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species are implicated in the pathogenesis and severity of SLE, making NO synthases and other reactive intermediate-related genes biological candidates for disease susceptibility. We analyzed variation in reactive intermediate genes for association with SLE in 2 populations with African ancestry.

Methods.

A total of 244 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) from 53 regions were analyzed in non-Gullah African Americans (AA; 1432 cases and 1687 controls) and the genetically more homogeneous Gullah of the Sea Islands of South Carolina (133 cases and 112 controls). Single-marker, haplotype, and 2-locus interaction tests were computed for these populations.

Results.

The glutathione reductase geneGSR(rs2253409; p = 0.0014, OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.09–1.44) was the most significant single SNP association in AA. In the Gullah, the NADH dehydrogenaseNDUFS4(rs381575; p = 0.0065, OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.23–3.59) and NO synthase geneNOS1(rs561712; p = 0.0072, OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.44–0.88) were most strongly associated with SLE. When both populations were analyzed together,GSRremained the most significant effect (rs2253409; p = 0.00072, OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.10–1.44). Haplotype and 2-locus interaction analyses also uncovered different loci in each population.

Conclusion.

These results suggest distinct patterns of association with SLE in African-derived populations; specific loci may be more strongly associated within select population groups.
Identifying Phenotypes of Knee Osteoarthritis by Separate Quantitative Radiographic Features May Improve Patient Selection for More Targeted Treatment
Authors: Kinds Margot B. , Marijnissen Anne C.A. , Viergever Max A. , Emans Pieter J. , Lafeber Floris P.J.G. , Welsing Paco M.J.
Published: May 2013

Objective.

Expression of osteoarthritis (OA) varies significantly between individuals, and over time, suggesting the existence of different phenotypes, possibly with specific etiology and targets for treatment. Our objective was to identify phenotypes of progression of radiographic knee OA using separate quantitative features.

Methods.

Separate radiographic features of OA were measured by Knee Images Digital Analysis (KIDA) in individuals with early knee OA (the CHECK cohort: Cohort Hip & Cohort Knee), at baseline and at 2-year and 5-year followup. Hierarchical clustering was performed to identify phenotypes of radiographic knee OA progression. The phenotypes identified were compared for changes in joint space width (JSW), varus angle, osteophyte area, eminence height, bone density, for Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grade, and for clinical characteristics. Logistic regression analysis evaluated whether baseline radiographic features and demographic/clinical characteristics were associated with each of the specific phenotypes.

Results.

The 5 clusters identified were interpreted as “Severe” or “No,” “Early” or “Late” progression of the radiographic features, or specific involvement of “Bone density.” Medial JSW, varus angle, osteophyte area, eminence height, and bone density at baseline were associated with the Severe and Bone density phenotypes. Lesser eminence height and bone density were associated with Early and Late progression. Larger varus angle and smaller osteophyte area were associated with No progression.

Conclusion.

Five phenotypes of radiographic progression of early knee OA were identified using separate quantitative features, which were associated with baseline radiographic features. Such phenotypes might require specific treatment and represent relevant subgroups for clinical trials.
Soluble Biomarkers Associated with Response to Treatment with Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors in Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Chandran Vinod , Shen Hua , Pollock Remy A. , Pellett Fawnda J. , Carty Adele , Cook Richard J. , Gladman Dafna D.
Published: May 2013

Objective.

To identify soluble biomarkers associated with response to therapy with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA).

Methods.

The study was conducted at a PsA clinic where patients are assessed every 6 months, and serum samples are collected and stored once a year at the time of clinical assessment. Forty patients with active PsA who gave serum samples prior to treatment with TNFi and after at least 3 months of therapy were identified. Patients were classified as TNFi responders if tender joint count was < 3, swollen joint count was 0, and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score was < 4 at the time the second sample was collected. The following biomarkers were tested by ELISA: TNF superfamily 14, matrix metalloprotease-3 (MMP-3), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand, osteoprotegerin, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), CPII, C2C and C1-2C, CS-846, and highly sensitive C-reactive protein. Paired t tests and logistic regression was used for statistical analyses.

Results.

After a mean treatment duration of 11 months with TNFi (etanercept 28 patients, adalimumab 6, golimumab 4, infliximab 2), 29 patients were classified as TNFi responders. Baseline level of MMP-3 was independently associated with responder status (OR 1.067 for each 1-unit increase, p = 0.045). A reduction in MMP-3 levels with therapy increased the odds of achieving response (OR 1.213 for each 1-unit change, p = 0.030), whereas a reduction in COMP decreased the odds (OR 0.587, for each 100-unit increase, p = 0.039). None of the other biomarkers was associated with response.

Conclusion.

Baseline as well as reduction in serum MMP-3 and increase in serum COMP are independently associated with response to TNFi therapy in patients with PsA.
Interaction of HLA-DRB1*09:01 and *04:05 with Smoking Suggests Distinctive Mechanisms of Rheumatoid Arthritis Susceptibility Beyond the Shared Epitope
Authors: Bang So-Young , Lee Hye-Soon , Lee Kyung Wha , Bae Sang-Cheol
Published: May 2013

Objective.

Although HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE) alleles and HLA-DRB1*09:01 have repeatedly been shown to be associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the effect of each allele on levels of anticyclic citrullinated peptide autoantibodies (anti-CCP) and interaction with cigarette smoking in RA remains to be fully defined. We investigated whether HLA-DRB1 risk alleles influence anti-CCP levels and whether each allele interacts with smoking in anti-CCP-positive or -negative RA.

Methods.

All patients with RA (n = 1924) and controls (n = 1119) were Korean. The HLA-DRB1 4-digit genotyping was performed by standard PCR-sequencing based typing method. OR and biologic interactions as departures from additivity or multiplicity were analyzed by logistic regression.

Results.

SE alleles were significantly associated with increased anti-CCP levels. Conversely, HLA-DRB1*09:01 was associated with reduced levels, in both SE-positive and SE-negative patients. Each of SE alleles interacted significantly with smoking, whereas HLA-DRB1*09:01 did not. Interactions between the 2 most significant risk alleles, HLA-DRB1*04:05 and HLA-DRB1*09:01, (attributable proportion = 0.68, 95% CI 0.46–0.89, multiplicity p = 0.012) significantly increased RA susceptibility regardless of anti-CCP and smoking status. Smoking increased the risk for RA by significant interaction with the heterozygote HLA-DRB1*04:05/*09:01.

Conclusion.

HLA-DRB1*09:01 differs from SE alleles with regard to anti-CCP levels and interaction with smoking, suggesting a distinct mechanism of HLA-DRB1*09:01 in the pathogenesis of RA that may bypass anti-CCP formation. Also, a significant increase of the HLA-DRB1*04:05/ *09:01 heterozygote in RA susceptibility may be attributable to the synergistic contribution of 2 different pathways in which 2 alleles participate independently.
Validation d'une nouvelle grille de codage de la régulation émotionnelle avec le Laboratory Temperament Assessment Battery (Lab-TAB)
Authors: Faure Noémie , Habersaat Stéphanie , Nessi Jennifer , Forcada-Guex Margarita , Pierrehumbert Blaise , Ansermet François , Müller Nix Carole , Borghini Ayala
Published: May 2013

L’objectif de cette étude est de valider une nouvelle grille de codage pour le Lab-TAB (Goldsmith et Rothbart, 1999). Cette grille mesure l’intensité émotionnelle et les comportements de régulation chez l’enfant âgé de six mois. L’accord interjuges se révèle satisfaisant. Les analyses factorielles ont mis en évidence trois facteurs - attention , niveau d’activité et détournement actif – retrouvés dans la littérature comme stratégies de régulation émotionnelle. Les analyses de consistance interne démontrent une bonne homogénéité de ces facteurs. La validité externe se révèle satisfaisante aux niveaux concourant et prédictif. Enfin, cet outil de codage permet de distinguer les prématurés et les nés à terme. L’ensemble de ces résultats indiquent que l’outil élaboré présente de bonnes qualités psychométriques.
Naissance prématurée et lien mère-enfant : attachement de l'enfant, état de stress post-traumatique maternel
Authors: Abergel Manon , Blicharski Teresa
Published: May 2013

De nombreuses études précédentes ont montré que la prématurité pouvait être la cause de conséquences psychologiques particulières chez l’enfant et chez le parent, et qu’un suivi précoce était utile. La présente recherche a pour but d’étudier la symptomatologie de l’état de stress post-traumatique maternel, ainsi que le type d’attachement de l’enfant lors d’une naissance prématurée, à l’âge de deux ans. 76 mères sont réparties en deux groupes équivalents, en fonction du statut de naissance de leur enfant : à terme ou prématuré. Elles ont rempli le questionnaire Q-Set Attachment de Waters et Deane, 1985, dans la version brève de Strayer (2004), en autoévaluation, pour évaluer la qualité d’attachement de l’enfant à sa mère, et le « Perinatal Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire » pour distinguer les symptômes d’état de stress post-traumatique. La particularité de cette recherche est le choix de l’étude des représentations maternelles. Les résultats confirment le lien entre la prématurité et l’état de stress post-traumatique maternel à deux ans. Toutes les mères présentant un état de stress post-traumatique ont donné naissance à un enfant prématuré. La typologie d’attachement de l’enfant né prématurément à sa mère est marquée par la perception maternelle d’une certaine proximité et sensibilité sociale. Les enfants prématurés sont décrits par leur mère comme moins autonomes que les enfants nés à terme. Les résultats montrent également un lien entre le stress post-traumatique maternel et la qualité d’attachement de l’enfant : plus la mère présente un état de stress post-traumatique important, plus elle perçoit son enfant comme sensible. Cette recherche en psychopathologie développementale s’inscrit dans une volonté d’améliorer le bien-être des mères d’enfants prématurés, à travers la sphère du soin au sens large.
Henri Lefebvre : une pensée devenue monde ?
Authors: Cingolani Patrick
Published: May 2013

La structuration temporelle entre travail et loisir organise une certaine configuration du quotidien. Le diagnostic de la Critique de la vie quotidienne sur le repos du travailleur ou sur la condition de la femme, mérite d’être revisité à la faveur de la réduction du temps de travail social, d’un côté, et à la faveur de la flexibilité et de la dérégulation des temps de travail quotidien et hebdomadaire, de l’autre. Dans l’article, P. Cingolani aborde quelques-unes des nouvelles manifestations contemporaines de l’aliénation et de la colonisation du monde vécu et suit les ambivalences du rapport au temps parmi de jeunes travailleurs du secteur des industries culturelles pointant tour à tour les lignes de fuite et les pièges d’une nouvelle configuration du travail où la séparation entre temps de travail et de repos s’estompe.
Le droit à la ville comme projet de nouvelle société
Authors: Carlos Ana Fani Alessandri
Published: May 2013

Dans la période actuelle, la production de la ville répond avant tout aux exigences de la valorisation de la valeur sous la « commande » du capital privé : la valeur d’échange y domine. Des inégalités socio-spatiales profondes apparaissent — l’urbain étant révélateur d’un accès différencié à la ville — et s’expriment dans les relations contradictoires entre le centre et les immenses périphéries, marquées par la précarisation de l’habitat, des infrastructures et de l’emploi, sans compter l’insuffisance d’équipements collectifs. D’où des « mouvements sociaux » en réaction à l’extrême inégalité sociale résultant de la priorité accordée à la croissance économique au détriment du développement social. Cette situation est révélatrice de la lutte pour l’espace. La notion du “droit à la ville” théorisée par Henri Lefebvre trace une direction, appelle à la construction d’une nouvelle société (urbaine).
Services à la personne ou renouveau de l'emploi domestique ?
Authors: Devetter François-Xavier , Horn François
Published: May 2013

Fortement soutenus par les pouvoirs publics dans le cadre de la politique de l’emploi, les services à la personne bénéficient de nombreuses subventions. Relevant de dispositifs multiples, le montant des aides est complexe à établir précisément mais une analyse approfondie des différents mécanismes permet cependant de mettre en évidence son coût très élevé, notamment en raison de l’importance des effets d’aubaine. Parallèlement, l’étude des bénéficiaires de ces transferts financiers souligne l’opposition entre services de confort très inégalitaires et services d’aides aux personnes âgées marqués par une réelle démocratisation depuis la création de l’APA. Ces deux constats permettent alors de questionner la signification de ces mesures : elles semblent relever d’une vision libérale du marché du travail et constituent une forme de marchandisation de la politique sociale.
« L'accès aux biens et services essentiels » : une notion centrale et ambigüe du développement
Authors: Ndour Marame , Boidin Bruno
Published: May 2013

Cet article analyse les discours en faveur de l’ accès dans le champ du développement et souligne l’ambiguïté de cette notion au sein de la rhétorique du développement. La première section souligne l’ambiguïté de la notion d’accès aux biens et services essentiels par une analyse de ses fondements institutionnels et théoriques. La deuxième section examine les implications concrètes d’un tel paradigme par l’analyse des modalités d’accès promues par les acteurs internationaux dominant le champ du développement. Enfin, la troisième section esquisse une illustration de l’ambivalence de la notion d’accès dans le domaine de la santé.
La manufacture de l'évaluation scientifique
Authors: Pontille David , Torny Didier
Published: May 2013

Contre la vision d’une bibliométrie considérée comme un tout unifié et cohérent, cet article distingue trois composants majeurs des infrastructures informationnelles qui soutiennent l’évaluation de la recherche scientifique : les algorithmes, les jeux de données et les outils bibliométriques. En retraçant la genèse et le succès de certains de ces composants, de 1960 à nos jours, les auteurs identifient plusieurs configurations dans lesquelles s’articulent de manière différentielle la position des producteurs de jeux de données, la cible privilégiée des algorithmes et la forme des outils bibliométriques. Cette histoire montre des croisements répétés entre bibliométrie et webométrie, et rappelle que toute évaluation s’appuie nécessairement sur une définition des pairs jugés pertinents.
Notes et avis des consommateurs sur le web
Authors: Beauvisage Thomas , Beuscart Jean-Samuel , Cardon Vincent , Mellet Kevin , Trespeuch Marie
Published: May 2013

Parmi les différentes sources d’information disponibles en ligne, les avis de consommateurs sont aujourd’hui très couramment utilisés. Ce dispositif de classement et de recommandation des biens et services se retrouve sur la plupart des sites de e-commerce mais également sur des plateformes dédiées, généralistes ou spécialisées (Ciao, Tripadvisor, Allocine, etc.). Il prend une forme relativement standardisée, combinant, modulo quelques variations, agrégation de notes et commentaires rédigés. À partir de l’observation de l’architecture de ces sites, du traitement de jeux de données collectées à cette fin et d’entretiens, l’article rend d’abord compte de la diffusion du dispositif « Note et Avis » en soulignant le mimétisme ou au contraire les aménagements spécifiques établis par les plateformes en fonction des équipements préexistants sur les marchés. L’article analyse ensuite les différentes façons dont, sur le Web, la parole profane est mise en forme par le dispositif et s’articule ou entre en conflit avec les formes expertes de l’évaluation des produits. Une typologie est enfin proposée pour cartographier le monde des sites de Notes et Avis, à partir, d’une part, des caractéristiques des produits qui sont évalués et, d’autre part, de la nature de l’incertitude sur la(es) qualité(s) qui pèse sur le consommateur dans sa phase de prospection.
Recontextualisation
Authors: Treleani Matteo
Published: May 2013

La recontextualisation est un phénomène typique des média numériques. Sans doute plus fréquente que la reproduction, la recontextualisation concerne la reprise d’un objet culturel dans un nouveau contexte médiatique. Pour mieux comprendre le phénomène, nous analyserons un exemple à partir d’archives télévisuelles et plus spécifiquement une éditorialisation des images du 11 septembre 2001 par la fondation Internet Archive. Cet exemple nous permettra de dégager deux formes de recontextualisation, la recontextualisation temporelle et la recontextualisation du support. Il s’agira de travailler sur deux fronts : l’historiographie (comment comprendre au présent un document du passé) et l’étude de la publication en ligne d’un document (comment un document est mis en forme par un medium numérique). Au carrefour de ces deux fronts une approche sémiotique transversale sera pertinente pour aboutir à une analyse globale.
Le droit d'être homosexuel et la question du mariage
Authors: Faes Hubert
Published: May 2013

Parmi les droits de l’homme figure logiquement le droit d’être homosexuel, même si l’on a peu l’habitude de le formuler ainsi. Il s’agit d’abord d’exister dans sa condition, ce qui suppose de bien comprendre ce que l’on entend par condition humaine. De nos jours, cette approche n’a plus grand-chose à voir avec la théologie médiévale ; user de l’argument anthropologique dans le cadre de cette réflexion ne va pas de soi. Les personnes homosexuelles vivent autrement la différence des sexes irréductibles à la biologie, y compris lorsqu’on s’interroge sur la paternité et la maternité. Pouvons-nous encore, en matière de morale chrétienne, nous appuyer sur la seule idée d’une nature humaine universelle ? Enfin, qui peut soutenir que l’homosexualité serait un empêchement à l’amour du prochain ? La crainte de l’inconnu est encore ce qui explique le mieux l’opposition des Églises à l’homoparentalité.
La boue de Saint-Denis (1824) : Astolphe de Custine, « un homme marqué du sceau de la réprobation »
Authors: Diethelm Marie-Bénédicte
Published: May 2013

Astolphe, marquis de Custine (1790-1857), auteur de La Russie en 1839  (1843) et figure marquante de la littérature du XIX e siècle, fut victime d’une agression d’une violence inouïe pour avoir donné rendez-vous à un jeune soldat en octobre 1824. L’homosexualité du marquis, une fois connue de tous, entraîna son exclusion de la « bonne société », scindant sa vie entre un avant et un après. On se propose ici d’établir aussi exactement que possible les faits de l’« affaire Custine » dans l’espoir de parvenir à mettre en lumière les raisons d’un ostracisme retentissant qui ne semble pas avoir eu d’équivalent au cours du premier XIX e siècle.
Presse, mondanité et saphisme décoratif
Authors: Sadoun-Édouard Clara
Published: May 2013

L’article analyse le rapport à l’homosexualité féminine dans la Vie parisienne , revue illustrée qui constitue un observatoire stimulant pour analyser les représentations de l’homosexualité à la fin du XIX e siècle. En effet, la Vie parisienne est une revue mondaine et galante : à ce titre, elle reproduit le discours social dominant. Cependant, la revue fait aussi de la figure de l’homosexuelle le socle de son pacte de lecture et établit une analogie entre presse galante et une vision « décorative » de l’homosexualité féminine. Elle se présente en effet comme une jolie femme, prétend s’adresser exclusivement aux femmes et se spécialise dans les confidences de femmes entre elles, dans une obsession, une érotisation, une « glorification de la femme » (Jules Lemaître) permanente. Ce faisant, elle invente une nouvelle forme de presse qui repose sur une fiction participative : l’exploitation du voyeurisme libertin où la revue entraîne son lectorat dans une fête galante et élégante où revue, rédacteurs, lecteurs et lectrices se travestissent en lesbiennes façon gravure grivoise.
Concierge : la difficile (recon)naissance de la femme
Authors: Strobbe Caroline
Published: May 2013

Les concierges du XIX e siècle furent happés et promus par la littérature populaire des physiologies de Monnier ou de James Rousseau, celle des romanciers tels Balzac ou Eugène Sue, et encore croqués par Sapeck ou Daumier. Si hommes et femmes concierges partagent une même fonction, et souvent même directement en tant que couple, la gente féminine fait l’objet de critiques plus acerbes et virulentes. Pourquoi les écrivains dépeignent-ils davantage les femmes-concierges ? Pourquoi font-elles l’objet de caricatures plus nombreuses ? En quoi pourrait-on les qualifier de femmes-objets ? Ce sont ces questions auxquelles cet article s’efforce de répondre en évoquant notamment la réification de la femme concierge dans les écrits et dessins du XIX e siècle.
Santé et action sociale : d'hier à aujourd'hui
Authors: Borgetto Michel
Published: May 2013

Si, de la Révolution française jusqu’au milieu du XX e siècle, l’évolution dont a fait l’objet le couple santé/action sociale a plutôt porté sur les fondements de l’intervention des pouvoirs publics (ces derniers ayant surtout mis en avant, dans un premier temps, la nécessaire protection due à l’individu avant de faire valoir, pour justifier celle-ci, l’intérêt bien compris de la société), elle a plutôt porté, depuis la Libération, sur les modalités de mise en œuvre de cette même intervention (la protection de la santé étant aujourd’hui largement assurée grâce à la coexistence des deux principes d’universalité et de sélectivité).
Le socle de protection sociale
Authors: Hirsch Martin
Published: May 2013

En 2009, en pleine crise économique internationale, l’ensemble des organisations onusiennes mettait en place une commission chargée de rendre un rapport sur la notion de socle de protection sociale, composée de personnalités ayant toutes exercé de hautes responsabilités politiques. Ce rapport met en avant plusieurs éléments nouveaux : le niveau de richesse nationale n’est pas nécessairement corrélé à la possibilité de construction de la protection sociale ; la protection sociale est un élément créant de la richesse et contribuant au développement ; la protection sociale n’est pas un frein à la croissance. Mais pour qu’elle montre son efficacité, la protection sociale doit être conçue du côté de la demande (assurance maladie) comme du côté de l’offre (professionnels de santé), et évaluée.
Crises et tensions au sein de l'hôpital public : changer la donne ou donner le change ?
Authors: Brémond Marc , Mick Stephen S. , Robert Dominique , Pascal Christophe , Claveranne Jean-Pierre
Published: May 2013

Le monde hospitalier public est aujourd’hui, en France, entré dans une zone de grande turbulence. Cette mise en tension des établissements de santé publics se nourrit en grande partie des pressions réglementaires les engageant à accroître leur performance dans des registres d’expressions variées mais également des difficultés à pouvoir mobiliser de véritables leviers pour réagir de façon adaptée et dynamique. Cet article explore les différentes tensions qui traversent l’hôpital en tentant de les éclairer dans leurs dimensions paradoxales pour baliser quelques pistes de réflexion sur ce que pourrait être un collectif entreprenant dans un univers régulé administrativement. Ce travail d’analyse des conditions d’une mise en mouvement de l’hôpital public débouche sur l’idée d’un rééquilibrage des champs de forces entre ces trois domaines que sont la régulation administrée, la gestion des établissements et le développement professionnel.
DESIGN, SIMULATION AND COMPARISON OF ASCENDING AND DESCENDING CURVILINEAR MICROCHANNELS FOR CANCER CELL SEPARATION FROM BLOOD
Authors: Wewala W. A. H. S. S. , Kasi Jafar Khan , Kasi Ajab Khan , Afzulpurkar Nitin
Published: May 2013

Separation of rare cells such as circulating cancer and fetal cells from blood has potential importance in disease monitoring and prevention. In this paper, we report a new method of cancer cells separation from patient blood by inertial focusing technique. A design and simulation of ascending and descending curvilinear microchannels for separation of particles resembling cancer cells have been presented. In simulation, polystyrene particles have been used which represent the size of red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC) and cancer cells. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) design and simulation of ascending and descending microchannels is used for cell separation. The simulation was carried out in two stages including focusing and separation. The ascending curvilinear channel design demonstrated favorable focusing and separation. Separation with 100% purity and efficiency of the unwanted particle was achieved at Reynolds number (Re) = 8.50 and velocity 0.105 m/s. In case of descending curvilinear channel, cell separation was not good. Considering cancer cells size about 15 μm, our proposed ascending microchannel is a good candidate for cancer cells separation from blood.
Complex System Reliability Optimisation: A Multi-Criteria Approach
Authors: Twum Stephen B. , Aspinwall Elaine
Published: May 2013

The optimal allocation of reliability to the components of complex systems to maximise their reliability is posed as multi-criteria optimisation. The minimum cut-sets leading to series-parallel reduction of such systems were constituted into criteria and their reliability maximised while minimising cost of improving the systems reliability. Consequently, the system reliability expression is made redundant, which simplifies the problem. The resultant nonlinear optimisation model was solved by the Weighted Sum method for the Pareto optimal component reliability values. The model was applied to a life support system. The results show that higher components/ systems reliability can be achieved using the approach.
Computer Security and Privacy in Wireless Local Area Network in Nigeria
Authors: Orukpe P.E. , Erhiaguna T.O. , Agbontaen F.O.
Published: May 2013

The advent of wireless computing and massive processing power available within portable devices provides organizations with an unprecedented ability to provide flexible computing services on-demand to enable business initiatives and this development has increased the demand for wireless network security, which if unaddressed enables the theft of data, lowers productivity, and causes quantifiable financial losses. Flaws arising from wireless protocol with networking design and implementation errors present challenges to the Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) community of users. In this paper, we attempt to document and classify the flaws in Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS), then proving the existence of this flaw with a WPS Pin Cracking Method, and presenting a Reverse Engineering countermeasure to eliminating WPS from an Access Point firmware, including other recommendations to helping the network administrators not repeat the errors that are the root causes of flaws of wireless networking in general from being exploited. By implementing the various techniques discussed in this paper, a better and more secure wireless network will be developed.
Statistical Analysis of Certification Process of International Standard SA 8000 on Social Accountability
Authors: Rajab Zadeh Morteza , Zaloga V.A. , Ivchenko O.V.
Published: May 2013

This paper presents a statistical analysis of the performance of organizations and countries in the development, implementation and certification of the international standard SA 8000 on social accountability in their operations. Data obtained from the international organization SAAS (Social Accountability Accreditation Services) were analyzed using bar charts, percentages and Pareto (ABC) analysis. The results showed that the highest number of organizations having certified management system in conformity with the requirements of SA 8000, and also the highest number of personnel in certified organizations were concentrated in Asia, and that the most widespread branches of industry in regard to the certification of their management systems in conformity with the requirements of this standard are such branches as construction, apparel, and textiles industries.
Modeling of the Plastic Deformation of Polycrystalline Materials in Micro and Nano Level Using Finite Element Method
Authors: Jafari Mohammad , Ziaei-Rad Saeed , Nouri Nima
Published: May 2013

Recent experiments on polycrystalline materials show that nanocrystalline materials have a strong dependency to the strain rate and grain size in contrast to the microcrystalline materials. In this study, mechanical properties of polycrystalline materials in micro and nanolevel were studied and a unified notation for them was presented. To completely understand the rate-dependent stress-strain behavior and size-dependency of polycrystalline materials, a dislocation density based model was presented that can predict the experimentally observed stress-strain relations for these materials. In nanocrystalline materials, crystalline and grain-boundary were considered as two separate phases. The mechanical properties of the crystalline phase were modeled using viscoplastic constitutive equations, which take dislocation density evolution and diffusion creep into account, while an elasto-viscoplastic model based on diffusion mechanism was used for the grain boundary phase. For microcrystalline materials, the surface-to-volume ratio of the grain boundaries is low enough to ignore its contribution to the plastic deformation. Therefore, the grain boundary phase was not considered in microcrystalline materials and the mechanical properties of the crystalline phase were modeled using an appropriate dislocation density based constitutive equation. Finally, the constitutive equations for polycrystalline materials were implemented into a finite-element code and the results obtained from the proposed constitutive equations were compared with the experimental data for polycrystalline copper and good agreement was observed.
In Situ Characterization of the Mechanical Behavior of Gecko's Spatulae by Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Liu Shuang Yi , Tang Min Min , Soh Ai Kah , Hong Liang
Published: May 2013

In-situ characterization of the mechanical behavior of geckos spatula has been carried out in detail using multi-mode AFM system. Combining successful application of a novel AFM mode, i.e. Harmonix microscopy, the more detail elastic properties of spatula is brought to light. The results obtained show the variation of the mechanical properties on the hierarchical level of a seta, even for the different locations, pad and stalk of the spatula. A model, which has been validated using the existing experimental data and phenomena as well as theoretical predictions for geckos adhesion, crawling and self-cleaning of spatulae, is proposed in this paper. Through contrast of adhesive and craw ability of the gecko on the surfaces with different surface roughness, and measurement of the surface adhesive behaviors of Teflon, the most effective adhesion of the gecko is more dependent on the intrinsic properties of the surface which is adhered.
Sol-Gel Synthesized Copper-Substituted Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Sanpo Noppakun , Wang James , Berndt Christopher C.
Published: May 2013

Copper-substituted cobalt ferrite nanoparticles were prepared via a sol-gel route using citric acid as a chelating agent. The influence of copper concentration on the microstructure, crystal structure and antibacterial property of copper-substituted cobalt ferrite nanoparticles against E. coli and S. aureus has been systematically investigated. The results indicate that the substitution of copper influences strongly the microstructure, crystal structure, particle diameter and antibacterial property of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles.
TRPC6 Regulates CXCR2-Mediated Chemotaxis of Murine Neutrophils
Authors: Lindemann Otto , Umlauf Daniel , Frank Svetlana , Schimmelpfennig Sandra , Bertrand Jessica , Pap Thomas , Hanley Peter J. , Fabian Anke , Dietrich Alexander , Schwab Albrecht
Published: May 2013

Unraveling the mechanisms involved in chemotactic navigation of immune cells is of particular interest for the development of new immunoregulatory therapies. It is generally agreed upon that members of the classical transient receptor potential channel family (TRPC) are involved in chemotaxis. However, the regulatory role of TRPC channels in chemoattractant receptor-mediated signaling has not yet been clarified in detail. In this study, we demonstrate that the TRPC6 channels play a pronounced role in CXCR2-mediated intermediary chemotaxis, whereas N-formyl-methionine-leucine-phenylalanine receptor–mediated end-target chemotaxis is TRPC6 independent. The knockout of TRPC6 channels in murine neutrophils led to a strongly impaired intermediary chemotaxis after CXCR2 activation which is not further reinforced by CXCR2, PI3K, or p38 MAPK inhibition. Furthermore, CXCR2-mediated Ca2+ influx but not Ca2+ store release was attenuated in TRPC6−/− neutrophils. We demonstrate that the TRPC6 deficiency affected phosphorylation of AKT and MAPK downstream of CXCR2 receptor activation and led to altered remodeling of actin. The relevance of this TRPC6-depending defect in neutrophil chemotaxis is underscored by our in vivo findings. A nonseptic peritoneal inflammation revealed an attenuated recruitment of neutrophils in the peritoneal cavity of TRPC6−/− mice. In summary, this paper defines a specific role of TRPC6 channels in CXCR2-induced intermediary chemotaxis. In particular, TRPC6-mediated supply of calcium appears to be critical for activation of downstream signaling components.
The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease and reflux esophagitis in dialysis patients: between facts and fiction
Authors: Saeed Abdul-Rahman Ibrahiem
Published: May 2013

The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients who are on regular hemodialysis (HD) and those who are on peritoneal dialysis (PD) has been a subject of discussion over the past decades. Although, to our knowledge, few studies have compared the prevalence of GERD in both groups of patients, yet most authorities believe that the disease is more prevalent in PD patients. The aim of the current study is to clarify the relation between dialysis modalities and GERD. The study involved 68 ESRD patients who are on regular hemodialysis (group 1) and 71 age- and sex-matched ESRD patients on peritoneal dialysis (group 2). All patients were subjected to esophago-gastroduodenoscopy for proper evaluation. The prevalence of GERD and reflux esophagitis (RE) was similar in the two groups (45.6% vs 47.9.2% and 36.8% vs 39.4% respectively) (P>0.05). The duration of dialysis, serum creatinine of 7 or over, the presence of diabetes mellitus, body mass index of 27 kg/m2 or over, smoking and the absence of H. pylori infection were significantly associated with GERD and RE, while the dialysis modality, age, gender, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hypoalbuminemia and aspirin use were not. This study shows a similar prevalence of GERD and RE in both HD and PD patients. The duration rather than the modality of dialysis correlated significantly with GERD and RE.
Action plan for healthy agriculture, healthy nutrition, healthy people
Authors: Simopoulos Artemis P. , Faergeman Ole , Bourne Peter G. , De Caterina Raffaele
Published: May 2013

In October 2010, the World Council on Genetics, Nutrition and Fitness for Health promoted a scientific meeting in Ancient Olympia, Greece, on the theme Healthy Agriculture, Healthy Nutrition, Healthy People. The meeting focused on evolutionary aspects of human diet through the life cycle in terms of genetic predisposition, overall health, prevention of disease and of unhealthy behaviors, such as poor physical activity, and dietary changes caused by the introduction of modern agriculture, from the Agribusiness to systems of food production, from climate changes to the needs imposed by urban agriculture and architecture. Nutritional medical (mostly cardiological) and political aspects of disease prevention through healthy dietary habits and physical activity have always been seen in isolation. The meeting, the first of its kind, treated such aspects together, recognizing the importance of integrating and initiating a dialogue between these disciplines. The meeting gathered together experts in cardiovascular prevention, nutrition, as well as politicians, for a global discussion of these themes. A summary statement was then compiled, focusing on the main themes on which a consensus had been reached. I strongly believe that such themes have great relevance for public health, raising the need for disseminating them as widely as possible. I am thankful to the Editor of the Italian Journal of Medicine for allowing this summary document to be made available for the first time in Italy.Raffaele De Caterina
Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease provide a unique opportunity to take care of patients
Authors: Beghé Bianca , Garofalo Martina , Fabbri Leonardo M.
Published: May 2013

Exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ECOPD) identifies the acute phase of COPD. The COPD patient is often frail and elderly with concomitant chronic diseases. This requires the physician not only looks at specific symptoms or organs, but to consider the patient in all his or her complexity.
Management of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with a focus on comorbidities
Authors: Wedzicha Jadwiga A.
Published: May 2013

Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are episodes of worsening of lower respiratory symptoms, especially dyspnea, sputum purulence and cough. They are usually triggered by infective factors, especially respiratory viruses. COPD is associated with considerable co-morbidity and this will also affect the nature and severity of the exacerbations. There are key interactions between exacerbations and co-morbidities including issues of differential diagnosis and higher co-morbidity in patients with the frequent exacerbator phenotype. It is, therefore, essential that any studies of exacerbation prevention in COPD also set out to evaluate the effect on co-morbidity in COPD.