bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between antibiotic use and subsequent risk of prostate cancer: A retrospective cohort study in South Korea
Authors: Park Sun Jae , Hong Jaeyi , Park Young Jun , Jeong Seogsong , Choi Seulggie , Chang Jooyoung , Oh Yun Hwan , Han Minjung , Ko Ahryoung , Kim Sugyeong , Cho Yoosun , Kim Ji Soo , Son Joung Sik , Park Sang Min
Published: December 2023

Objectives

Several studies suggest that antibiotic use may affect overall cancer incidence, but the association between antibiotics and prostate cancer is still unclear. This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the association between antibiotics and the risk of prostate cancer.

Methods

A population‐based retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database. 1 032 397 individuals were followed up from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2019. Multivariable Cox hazards regression was utilized to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of prostate cancer according to accumulative days of antibiotic use and the number of antibiotic classes used from 2002 to 2006.

Results

Individuals who used antibiotics for 180 or more days had a higher risk of prostate cancer (aHR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.11–1.91) than those who did not use antibiotics. Also, individuals who used four or more kinds of antibiotics had a higher risk of prostate cancer (aHR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.07–1.30) than antibiotic non‐users. An overall trend was observed among participants who underwent health examinations.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that long‐term use of antibiotics may affect prostate cancer incidence. Further studies are needed to improve understanding of the association between antibiotic use and prostate cancer incidence.
Factors influencing the psychosocial well‐being of people with dementia and their informal caregivers: A systematic review of dyadic studies
Authors: Wang Shanshan , Huang Yaqi , Fan Avis Yat Ngar , Ho Mu‐Hsing , Davidson Patricia Mary
Published: December 2023

Individuals with dementia and their informal caregivers face significant challenges to their psychosocial well‐being, necessitating immediate attention. In spite of the prevalence of this problem, there is limited data regarding the factors that influence the dyadic psychosocial well‐being and potential actor–partner influencing mechanisms. Therefore, this review was conducted to synthesise the factors associated with the psychosocial well‐being of people with dementia and their informal caregivers. MEDLINE via EBSCOhost, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase and Scopus were systematically searched to identify relevant studies. Quantitative, qualitative or mixed‐method studies examining the factors influencing dyadic psychosocial well‐being outcomes were included. The quality of included studies was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal checklists. A narrative synthesis approach was employed for data analysis. A total of 3217 records were yield, out of which 26 studies were included in the analysis. Quality of life emerged as the most extensively investigated dyadic psychosocial well‐being outcome, followed by depression. The interrelation between the quality of life for people with dementia and caregivers was observed, where individual members' quality of life was influenced by their own, partner and dyadic factors. However, there is a dearth of research exploring the mechanisms through which one member's factors exert influence on both their own and partner's quality of life within the dyad. This gap also exists for other psychosocial well‐being outcomes, such as depression and anxiety. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms through which dyadic members influence their own and their partner's psychosocial well‐being.
A meta‐analysis of postoperative wound complications at the surgical site in prostate cancer patients undergoing robotic surgery
Authors: Su Xinyuan , Dai Zhihong , Zhao Haolin , Ji Mingfeng , Liu Zhiyu
Published: December 2023

This meta‐analysis critically evaluates the role of robotic surgery in reducing postoperative wound complications in prostate cancer patients, comparing it with traditional open and laparoscopic approaches. Our extensive literature search resulted in 9 studies comprising 2063 patients. The results highlighted a significant reduction in the incidence of wound complications, with an 84% heterogeneity index and a standardized mean difference (SMD) of 0.49 (95% Confidence Intervals: 0.42 to 0.58, p < 0.01) in favour of robotic surgery. Additionally, a notable decrease in wound infection rates was observed, marked by a 94% heterogeneity index and a SMD of 0.26 (95% CIs: 0.19 to 0.35, p < 0.01). A considerable reduction in wound dehiscence events was also noted, particularly in a subset of studies, reflecting a 70% heterogeneity index and a SMD of 0.23 (95% CIs: 0.12 to 0.45, p < 0.01). These findings suggest that robotic surgery may offer significant advantages in managing wound‐related outcomes in prostate cancer surgeries. However, the variability among the studies warrants cautious interpretation of the results and underscores the need for more targeted research in this area.
Phase equilibrium study of the CaO–SiO2–CrOx system at 1600°C in reducing atmospheres
Authors: Chen Min , Taskinen Pekka , Sukhomlinov Dmitry , Lindberg Daniel , Michallik Radoslaw , Jokilaakso Ari
Published: December 2023

Phase equilibria in the CaO–SiO2–CrOx system were experimentally investigated at 1600°C and pO2 of 10−10 to 10−11 atm using the high‐temperature isothermal equilibration/drop quenching/electron probe X‐ray microanalysis technique. The constrained isothermal sections of the CaO–SiO2–CrOx system were constructed at 1600°C and pO2 of 10−10 to 10−11 atm based on the experimental results. The primary phase fields including cristobalite (SiO2), larnite (Ca2SiO4), (Ca,Cr)Cr2O4, and corundum (Cr2O3) were determined. Simulations by thermodynamic software MTDATA, FactSage, and Thermo‐Calc were compared with the present experimental results.
A novel broadband near‐infrared Ca2Y3Sb3O14: Cr3+ rhombohedral pyrochlores phosphor and its application in pc‐LEDs
Authors: Gao Zhexuan , Zhang Yi , Han Mingxiao , Chen Shuyang , Li Yingguang , Li Jie , Guo Jinmeng , Jin Xinfeng , Tian Ying , Deng Degang , Xu Shiqing
Published: December 2023

Recently, there has been a growing demand for broadband near‐infrared (NIR) phosphor. The paper proposes a novel Cr3+ doped Ca2Y3Sb3O14 phosphor through basic research of Ca2Ln3Sb3O14: Cr3+ (Ln = Sc, Lu, and Y) phosphor. Under 467 nm excitation, Ca2Y3Sb3O14: Cr3+ phosphor shows a broad NIR emission band (650–950 nm) centered at 776 nm with a full width at half‐maximum of 110 nm. The optimal Cr3+ doping concentration is 0.05, with an internal quantum efficiency of 78%. Meanwhile, the photoluminescence emission intensity at 373 K remains 61.3% of that at room temperature. Using phosphor‐in‐glass technology, a glass–ceramic plate showed a slight improvement in its thermal stability compared to the pure phosphor. Combining Ca2Y3Sb3O14: 0.05Cr3+ phosphor with a commercial blue‐light‐emitting chip presents an output power of 44.51 mW with a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 14.78% at a drive current of 100 mA. These results suggest that the Ca2Y3Sb3O14: Cr3+ phosphor has great potential in the pc‐light‐emitting diodes.
Career decisions and aspirations of early‐career nurses: Insights from a qualitative interpretative description study
Authors: Richard Emily , Kim Su Bin (Chloe)
Published: December 2023

Aim

To explore the career decisions and aspirations of early‐career registered nurses in New Brunswick, Canada.

Design

A qualitative study using an interpretive description approach was conducted.

Methods

Semi‐structured one‐on‐one interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of nurses (n = 22) currently working in New Brunswick, Canada, with up to 5 years of experience from February to April 2022.

Results

Participants described diverse career paths and aspirations. Personal factors affecting these included the desire for meaningful work, career satisfaction, work‐life balance, spending time with family, working in a preferred location, and finances. Professionally, working conditions were the dominant factor influencing early‐career nurses' career decisions and aspirations. Participants described how short staffing, safety, support, and scheduling influenced their day‐to‐day work, mental and physical health, job and career satisfaction, and intent to leave.

Conclusion

The findings highlighted the abundant and diverse career opportunities available to nurses early in their careers. Early‐career nurses are interested in finding nursing positions with a high degree of person‐job fit and value opportunities for ongoing professional education and growth.

Impact

This study in New Brunswick, Canada, explores early‐career nurses' career decisions and aspirations during nursing shortages and the pandemic, emphasizing the importance of person‐job fit. Recommendations include improving working conditions and career pathways to enhance the sustainability of the nursing profession.

Reporting Method

Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR).

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
An investigation of teachers' perceptions of using ChatGPT as a supporting tool for teaching and learning in the digital era
Authors: ElSayary Areej
Published: December 2023

Background

The widespread use of information and communication technology (ICT) has led to significant changes in societal aspects, resulting in the emergence of a “knowledge society.” However, students and teachers have faced challenges in adapting to this digitalization. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), transitioning to a knowledge‐based economy is a primary national agenda goal, aligning with Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG4) of ensuring high‐quality education.

Objectives

This research investigates teachers' perceptions of using ChatGPT as a digital supporting tool for teaching and learning practices. This includes lesson planning, teaching and learning activities, assessment and feedback and the challenges and benefits explored.

Methods

This study employs an explanatory sequential mixed‐methods design involving quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. An online survey was used with closed‐ended items to collect quantitative data, while semi‐structured interviews were conducted to collect qualitative data. The study participants are middle and high school teachers (n1 = 40) from different Dubai and Abu Dhabi private schools.

Results and Conclusions

The most noticeable result is that teachers feel the benefits of using ChatGPT in lesson planning, teaching and learning and less in assessment and feedback. Some challenges and benefits were highlighted in each area and recommendations were suggested. However, teachers' biggest challenge was the bias and accuracy of information received and the lack of human interaction.

Takeaways

The findings provide valuable insights into the potential of ChatGPT in education and inform future research in this area. Specifically, the study provided insights into the effectiveness of ChatGPT in enhancing students' learning outcomes, engagement and motivation, as well as its impact on teaching practices and paedagogical beliefs.
General anesthesia versus nongeneral anesthesia during endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Xinyan , Wu Youxuan , Liang Fa , Gu Hongqiu , Jian Minyu , Wang Yunzhen , Liu Haiyang , Han Ruquan
Published: December 2023

Objective

This study compares the safety and efficacy of general anesthesia (GA) and nongeneral anesthesia (non‐GA) on functional outcomes in patients receiving endovascular therapy for ischemic stroke.

Methods

All available studies on the anesthetic management of patients with acute ischemic stroke in PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Embase were included. We also compared the clinical outcomes in the studies with subgroup analyses of the occlusion site (anterior vs. posterior circulation) and preretriever group versus retriever group. Functional independence, mortality, successful recanalization, hemodynamic instability, intracerebral hemorrhage, and respiratory complications were considered primary or secondary outcomes.

Results

A total of 24,606 patients in 60 studies were included. GA had a lower risk of 90‐day functional independence (OR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.77), higher risk of 90‐day mortality (OR = 1.29; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.45), and successful reperfusion (OR = 1.18; 95% CI 1.94 to 6.82). However, there were no differences in functional independence and mortality between GA and non‐GA at 90 days after the procedure.

Conclusion

The study shows poorer results in the GA group, which may be due to the inclusion of nonrandomized studies. However, analysis of the RCTs suggested that the outcomes do not differ between the two groups (GA vs. non‐GA). Thus, general anesthesia is as safe as nongeneral anesthesia under standardized management.
Consent searches: Evaluating the usefulness of a common and highly discretionary police practice
Authors: Dias Megan , Epp Derek A. , Roman Marcel , Walker Hannah L.
Published: December 2023

We analyze the consequences of using driver consent as a basis for initializing a traffic stop‐and‐search compared to those searches based on probable cause. We find that consent searches are less likely to result in contraband recovery than are probable cause searches. Moreover, police agencies with a relatively higher reliance on consent searches find similar amounts of contraband and make a similar number of arrests as agencies doing much less searching but with a greater reliance on probable cause. These patterns are amplified along racial lines, and there is no discernible relationship between the use of consent searches and crime. We also provide causal evidence that corroborate these observational findings by examining the consequences of a Texas Highway Patrol policy, which suddenly increased the consent search rate in two South Texas counties. We show the contraband recovery rate discontinuously decreases when the consent search rate discontinuously increases.
Relationship of dietary intake between children aged 12–59 months and their mothers in rural Kenya: a cross‐sectional study in two seasons
Authors: Kishino Madoka , Hida Azumi , Ishikawa‐Takata Kazuko , Tada Yuki , Kariuki Lucy , Maundu Patrick , Matsuda Hirotaka , Irie Kenji , Morimoto Yasuyuki
Published: December 2023

Objective

The aim of the study was to investigate the quantitative association between the dietary intakes of children and their caregivers.

Method

In this cross‐sectional study, a non‐consecutive 2‐day 24‐h dietary recall was conducted in two seasons. Participants comprised 142 pairs of 12–59‐month‐old children and their female caregivers from rural areas of Kenya. Energy and micronutrient adequacy, food group intakes and food allocation were assessed. Differences and correlations between caregiver and child diets were examined, and multiple regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between the children's and caregivers’ dietary intakes.

Results

The child's diet was significantly lower in energy and higher in micronutrient adequacy than was the caregiver's diet (p < 0.001). Specifically, the child's diet contained more fruits, dairy products, sugar and confectionaries per 4184 kj. Children were allocated relatively more dishes containing nutrient‐rich foods than staple foods. The correlation coefficients between the dietary intake of caregivers and children were stronger among 24–59‐month‐old children. After controlling with covariates, caregiver energy intake was significantly associated with child energy intake (standardised beta [β] = 0.512, p < 0.001), and caregiver micronutrient adequacy was associated with child micronutrient adequacy (β = 0.679 and β = 0.262 after energy adjustment, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The dietary intakes of caregivers and children were closely related. The children had a more nutrient‐rich diet compared to that of their caregivers. Differences in food group intakes and food allocation may contribute to the higher nutrient adequacy of children. There is a need to improve the diet of caregivers, which would contribute to improving the diet of children.
Environmental and molecular regulation of diapause formation in a scyphozoan jellyfish
Authors: Li Yongxue , Xu Pengzhen , Sun Tingting , Peng Saijun , Wang Fanghan , Wang Lei , Xing Yixuan , Wang Wenhui , Zhao Jianmin , Dong Zhijun
Published: December 2023

Understanding the mechanisms underlying diapause formation is crucial for gaining insight into adaptive survival strategies across various species. In this study, we aimed to uncover the pivotal role of temperature and food availability in regulating diapausing podocyst formation in the jellyfish Aurelia coerulea. Furthermore, we explored the cellular and molecular basis of diapause formation using single‐cell RNA sequencing. Our results showed cell‐type‐specific transcriptional landscapes during podocyst formation, which were underscored by the activation of specific transcription factors and signalling pathways. In addition, we found that the heat shock protein‐coding genes HSC70 and HSP90a potentially act as hub genes that regulate podocyst formation. Finally, we mapped the single‐cell atlas of diapausing podocysts and identified cell types involved in metabolism, environmental sensing, defence and development that may collectively contribute to the long‐term survival and regulated excystment of diapausing podocysts. Taken together, the findings of this study provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms that regulate diapause formation and contributes to a better understanding of adaptive survival strategies in a variety of ecological contexts.
A case of disseminated spinal astroblastoma harboring a MAMLD1::BEND2 fusion
Authors: Walker Erin N. , Laws Maxwell T. , Cozzi Francesca , Quezado Martha , Brown Desmond A. , Burton Eric C.
Published: December 2023

Astroblastoma, MN1‐altered, is a rare neoplasm of the central nervous system (CNS). This malignancy shares similar histopathological features with other CNS tumors, including ependymomas, making it challenging to diagnose. DNA methylation profiling is a new and robust technique that may be used to overcome this diagnostic hurdle. We report the case of a now 25‐year‐old female diagnosed with what was initially called an ependymoma located in the cervical spine at the age of 2 years old. After initial resection, the tumor recurred multiple times and within 2 years of diagnosis had disseminated disease throughout the brain and spinal cord. She has now undergone over two decades of treatment, including multiple surgical resections, radiation therapy, and administration of numerous chemotherapeutic agents. In 2021, the patient presented to our institution with lumbosacral radicular symptoms due to enlarging lesions within the lumbosacral spine. Reexamination of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded material from the patient's tumor using genomic DNA methylation profiling resulted in a diagnostic change from grade III anaplastic ependymoma to astroblastoma, MN1‐altered. This work describes another confirmed case of astroblastoma, MN1‐altered, to the growing body of literature.
Frequent discrepancies among diagnostic tests for detecting lower esophageal sphincter‐related obstruction
Authors: Reddy Chanakyaram A. , Ellison Ashton , Cipher Daisha J. , Mendoza Roseann , Souza Rhonda F. , Spechler Stuart J. , Konda Vani J. A. , Nguyen Anh D.
Published: December 2023

Background

There are frequent discrepancies among high‐resolution manometry (HRM), functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP), and esophagram in identifying lower esophageal sphincter (LES)‐related obstruction. We aimed to determine the frequency of those discrepancies and how they influenced clinical treatment/outcomes.

Methods

We identified patients who had all three tests (HRM, FLIP, and esophagram) and endoscopy performed for evaluation of esophageal symptoms in our Center for Esophageal Diseases. Discrepancies among the tests for the presence of LES obstruction were noted, and the performance of individual tests was compared against a consensus opinion rendered by a panel of esophagologists. Binary logistical regression was performed, and ROC curves were generated for prediction of the consensus clinical diagnosis of LES obstruction.

Key Results

A total of 126 patients (mean age 57.9 ± 17.0 years; 67% female) met inclusion criteria. All three tests agreed on the presence or absence of LES obstruction in only 72 (57%) patients [no LES obstruction in 57 (45%), LES obstruction in 15 (12%)]. Thirteen patients (10%) had a change in management based on additional findings on FLIP +/− esophagram not seen on HRM with 69% having symptomatic improvement after LES‐directed intervention. FLIP was the strongest predictor of a consensus diagnosis of LES obstruction by logistic regression and ROC (OR 23.36, AUC 0.796), followed by HRM (OR 15.41, AUC 0.764).

Conclusions & Inference

High‐resolution manometry, functional lumen imaging probe, and esophagram each have considerable limitations for identifying LES obstruction, and discrepancies among these tests occur frequently. Multimodal testing is often required for adequate evaluation of LES‐related obstruction.
Higgs‐induced screening mechanisms in scalar‐tensor theories
Authors: Burrage Clare , Millington Peter
Published: December 2023

We consider the theory of a light conformally coupled scalar field, that is, one that is coupled directly to the Ricci scalar of the gravitational sector. This theory can be written equivalently as one of a light scalar that is coupled to the Standard Model of particle physics with a particular combination of Higgs‐portal couplings. When the conformal coupling function contains terms that are linear and quadratic in the conformally coupled scalar, we find that the effective mass of the light propagating mode and its coupling to matter fields, obtained after expanding around a minimum of the classical potential, depend on the energy density of the background environment. This is despite the absence of nonlinear terms in the original equation of motion for the light conformally coupled field. Instead, we find that the nonlinearities of the prototype Higgs potential are communicated to the light mode. In this way, we present a novel realization of screening mechanisms, in which light degrees of freedom coupled to the Standard Model are able to avoid experimental constraints through environmental and thin‐shell effects.
Multiple dimensions of phylogenetic diversity are needed to explain the complex aboveground–belowground diversity relationships
Authors: Lu Xiaorong , Cadotte Marc W. , Wang Pandeng , Rao Shan , Shi Xiaoye , Ren Siyuan , Wang Xihua , Li Shao‐peng
Published: December 2023

The complex relationship between aboveground and belowground diversity and whether they act as surrogates for one another remains unresolved. Increasing evidence suggests that investigating phylogenetic diversity could provide valuable insights into the interplay between plants and soil microbes, but the proliferation of phylogenetic diversity metrics has hindered comparative studies and the identification of general patterns. To overcome this challenge, we implemented a multi‐dimensional framework that classifies phylogenetic diversity metrics into three dimensions: richness, divergence, and regularity, each of which captures different ecological aspects of species differences. Then we applied this framework to investigate the relationship between above and belowground diversity in a subtropical forest in eastern China. We found that phylogenetic diversity of plant and soil microbes, including bacteria and fungi, were more strongly correlated at the richness and regularity dimensions compared with divergence dimension. Further analyses revealed that these observed correlation patterns align with variations in soil total phosphorus content, a key factor influencing both plant and microbial phylogenetic diversity at richness and regularity dimensions. Together, our study demonstrated the necessity of using a multi‐dimensional approach to advance our understanding of the complex relationships between plant and soil microbial biodiversity.
Food‐induced anaphylaxis during infancy is associated with later sleeping and eating disorders
Authors: Nemet Shay , Elbirt Daniel , Mahlab‐Guri Keren , Bezalel‐Rosenberg Shira , Asher Ilan , Talmon Aviv , Rubin Limor , Ribak Yaarit , Sergienko Ruslan , Tal Yuval , Shamriz Oded
Published: December 2023

Background

Accumulating evidence suggests that food‐induced anaphylaxis (FIA) may induce different psychological disorders (PDs). In this study, we aimed to further evaluate the effect of FIA, specifically when occurring in early life, on subsequent PDs development.

Methods

We conducted a population‐based, retrospective, matched‐cohort study of pediatric patients (age ≤ 18 years) treated at the “Clalit” healthcare organization during the period 2001–2021. Children diagnosed with FIA were propensity score‐matched with patients without any allergies (controls) of similar demographic parameters. Associations between FIA and different PDs were examined by multivariable regression models.

Results

The cohorts comprised 545 FIA patients and 4514 controls. Most patients were <3 years old [87.6% of controls (N = 3955) and 87.3% of the FIA cohort (N = 476)]. In this age group, the major food allergens were cow's milk (N = 258; 54.2%), eggs (N = 60; 12.6%), and peanuts (N = 20; 4.2%). The multivariable regression model identified an association between FIA and any PDs (p < .001), sleeping disorders (p < .001), and eating disorders (p = .050). Kaplan–Meier curves revealed that patients who experienced FIA before 3 years of age had an increased cumulative risk over the follow‐up time of developing any PDs, sleeping disorders, and eating disorders.

Conclusion

FIA during the first 3 years of life increases the risk of later developing eating and sleeping disorders, which can last into adulthood. Further attention should be focused on accurately diagnosing these children.
Whole‐exome sequencing to identify undiagnosed primary immunodeficiency disorders in children with community‐acquired sepsis, admitted in the pediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Rayzan Elham , Mirbeyk Mona , Pezeshki Parmida Sadat , Mohammadpour Masoud , Yaghmaie Bahareh , Hassani Seyed Abbas , Sharifzadeh Meisam , Tahernia Leila , Rezaei Nima
Published: December 2023

Background

Whole‐exome sequencing (WES) provides a powerful diagnostic tool for identifying primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs). This study explores the utility of this approach in uncovering previously undiagnosed PIDs in children with community‐acquired sepsis (CAS), with a medical history of recurrent infections or a family history of PIDs.

Methods

We performed WES on DNA samples extracted from the blood of the 34 enrolled patients, followed by bioinformatic analysis for variant calling, annotation, and prioritization. We also performed a segregation analysis in available family members to confirm the inheritance patterns and assessed the potential impact of the identified variants on protein function.

Results

From 34 patients enrolled in the study, 29 patients (85%) with previously undiagnosed genetic diseases, including 28 patients with PIDs and one patient with interstitial lung and liver disease, were identified. We identified two patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), patients with combined immunodeficiency (CID), six patients with combined immunodeficiency with syndromic features (CID‐SF), four patients with defects in intrinsic and innate immunity, four patients with congenital defects of phagocyte function (CPDF), and six patients with the disease of immune dysregulation. Autoinflammatory disorders and predominantly antibody deficiency were diagnosed in one patient each.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrate the potential of WES in identifying undiagnosed PIDs in children with CAS. Implementing WES in the clinical evaluation of CAS patients with a warning sign for PIDs can aid in their timely diagnosis and potentially lead to improved patient care.
At the mercy of myself: A thematic analysis of beliefs about losing control
Authors: Kelly‐Turner Kenneth , Radomsky Adam S.
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Concerns about the likelihood, consequences, and meaning of losing control are commonplace across anxiety‐related disorders. However, several experimental studies have suggested that individuals without a diagnosis of a mental disorder also believe that they can and will lose control under the right circumstances. Understanding the range of beliefs about the nature and consequences of losing control can help us to better understand the continuum of negative beliefs about losing control.

Methods

The present study used thematic analysis to identify common beliefs about losing control in an unselected sample. Twenty‐one participants, half of whom met criteria for at least one anxiety‐related disorder, were interviewed about their beliefs about losing control.

Results

All 21 participants reported that losing control was possible. Losses of control were defined as multifaceted cognitive‐behavioural processes and were seen as negative considering the perceived consequences of the losses. Commonly described consequences were harm to oneself or others, powerlessness, and unpleasant emotions during (e.g., sadness, frustration, and anxiety) and following (e.g., regret, shame, and humiliation) a loss of control.

Conclusions

These results suggest that perceived losses of control are common and that negative beliefs about losing may only become problematic when the losses are personally significant. Further, they offer important insight into what is common among clinical and non‐clinical beliefs about losing control and inform how these beliefs might be worth targeting in cognitive and behavioural interventions.
Proportionality in Causation, Part I: Theories
Authors: Rubenstein Ezra
Published: December 2023

A much‐discussed idea in the causation literature is that it is preferable to invoke causes which are proportional to—neither too general nor too specific for—the effect. This article presents various ways of understanding this idea. In what sense are such causal claims ‘preferable’? And what is it for one event to be ‘proportional’ to another? In a companion article, ‘Proportionality in Causation, Part II: Applications and Challenges’, I discuss the principal applications of the resulting theories of proportionality, and the challenges they face.
The impact of salt stress on the physiology and the transcriptome of the model streptophyte green alga Chara braunii
Authors: Heß Daniel , Heise Carolin M. , Schubert Hendrik , Hess Wolfgang R. , Hagemann Martin
Published: December 2023

Chara braunii is a model for early land plant evolution and terrestrialization. Salt stress has a profound effect on water and ion transport activities, thereby interacting with many other processes, including inorganic carbon acquisition for photosynthesis. In this study, we analyzed the impact of salt stress (5 practical salt units, PSU) on the physiology and gene expression in C. braunii. Photosynthesis was only slightly affected 6 h after salt addition and returned to control levels after 48 h. Several organic compounds such as proline, glutamate, sucrose, and 2‐aminobutyrate accumulated in salt‐treated thalli and might contribute to osmotic potential acclimation, whereas the amount of K+ decreased. We quantified transcript levels for 17,387 genes, of which 95 were up‐regulated and 44 down‐regulated after salt addition. Genes encoding proteins of the functional groups ion/solute transport and cell wall synthesis/modulation were enriched among the up‐regulated genes 24–48 h after salt stress, indicating their role in osmotic acclimation. However, a homolog to land plant ERD4 osmosensors was transiently upregulated after 6 h, and phylogenetic analyses suggested that these sensors evolved in Charophyceae. Down‐regulated genes were mainly related to photosynthesis and carbon metabolism/fixation, consistent with the observed lowered growth after extended cultivation. The changed expression of genes encoding proteins for inorganic carbon acquisition might be related to the impact of salt on ionic relations and inorganic carbon uptake. The results indicate that C. braunii can tolerate enhanced salt concentrations in a defined acclimation process, including distinct gene expression changes to achieve new metabolic homeostasis.
Fostering compliance with voluntary sustainability standards through institutional design: An analytic framework and empirical application
Authors: Depoorter Charline , Marx Axel
Published: December 2023

The institutional design of voluntary sustainability standards (VSS) has been recognized as an important determinant of compliance with VSS rules, which partly explains heterogeneity in VSS sustainability impacts. However, the current understanding of how VSS institutional design generates compliance is scattered and lacks systematic operationalization. This paper brings together different strands of literature and identifies three main mechanisms through which VSS institutional design can generate compliance: enforcement, market incentives, and capacity‐building. We propose an integrated analytic framework that operationalizes these mechanisms into specific, identifiable design attributes. We apply it in an empirical analysis of 13 agrifood and forestry VSS to assess the extent to which these mechanisms are used in VSS institutional design. While enforcement appears necessary for VSS to operate, we find heterogeneity in how these mechanisms are used and combine, which is partly explained by contextual factors. This provides avenues for analyzing their respective effectiveness in generating compliance.
Use of diabetes technologies in the primary school environment: a scoping review protocol
Authors: O Neill Tracey , Hollywood Eleanor , Prakashini-Banka Cullen Sonam
Published: December 2023

Objective:

The objective of this scoping review is to map the literature on the use of diabetes technologies in the primary school environment by children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and/or their parents.

Introduction:

T1D is a complex chronic disorder that is one of the fastest growing diseases in childhood. Technological advances in recent times have seen a growth in the use of diabetes technologies. Despite these advances, having T1D still places challenges on parents’ and children’s school experiences. Furthermore, the literature on the use of diabetes technologies during the primary school day is under-investigated.

Inclusion criteria:

This review will consider peer-reviewed primary research studies or systematic reviews that include children with T1D aged 6 to 12 years who use diabetes technologies in the primary school environment and/or their parents.

Methods:

This review will be conducted in accordance with JBI methodology for scoping reviews and will be reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Following an initial limited search, a full search strategy was developed using index terms and key text words. This strategy will be used across relevant databases, including Embase, MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), and Web of Science Core Collection for the full scoping review. There will be no limitations on language or year. Two reviewers will independently screen titles, abstracts, and full-text articles and extract relevant data using the JBI data extraction instrument. Data will be presented in a descriptive manner, supported by tables and charts, and accompanied by a narrative summary.
Neuromuscular behaviour in the first dorsal interosseus following mental fatigue
Authors: Marsala Michael J. , Christie Anita D.
Published: December 2023

We examined sex‐specific changes to neuromuscular function in response to mental fatigue. Twenty‐five young, healthy adults (13 F, 12 M) performed a mentally fatiguing task and control condition for 30 min on two separate days. Neuromuscular function was assessed in the first dorsal interosseous before and after each condition. Reaction time decreased after the mentally fatiguing task (P < 0.001, η2 = 0.47). Males and females reported higher levels of subjective fatigue after the mentally fatiguing task (P < 0.02, η2 = 0.07). Motor unit firing rate increased over time at 10% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC; P < 0.04, η2 = 0.16), and decreased over time at 50% MVC (P < 0.01, η2 = 0.14); however, this was not unique to either sex. During a variable force contraction, error decreased in females over time and increased in males (P < 0.05, η2 = 0.13), although changes were not unique to mental fatigue. Physiological function of the neuromuscular system was not specifically affected by mental fatigue in males or females.
Introduction to the special issue on 3D sound reconstruction for virtual auditory displays: Applications in buildings
Authors: Tronchin Lamberto , Xiang Ning
Published: December 2023

This special issue on three-dimensional (3D) sound reconstruction for virtual auditory displays: applications in buildings contains six research papers. Among them, three articles describe virtual reconstruction of important theatres and opera houses. The remaining articles focus on theoretical approaches of virtual sound localization or auralization.
The Relationships Between External and Internal Training Loads in Mixed Martial Arts
Authors: Kirk Christopher , Langan-Evans Carl , Clark David R. , Morton James P.
Published: December 2023

Purpose: As a multidisciplined combat sport, relationships between external and internal training loads and intensities of mixed martial arts (MMA) have not been described. The aim of this study was to determine the external loads and intensities of MMA training categories and their relationship to internal loads and intensities. Methods: Twenty MMA athletes (age = 23.3 [5.3] y, mass = 72.1 [7.2] kg, stature = 171.5 [8.4] cm) were observed for 2 consecutive weeks. Internal load and intensity (session rating of perceived exertion [sRPE]) were calculated using the Foster RPE for the session overall (sRPE-training load [TL]) and segmented RPE (segRPE-TL) for each training category: warm-up, striking drills, wrestling drills, Brazilian jiujitsu (BJJ) drills, striking sparring, wrestling sparring, BJJ sparring, and MMA sparring. External load and intensity were measured via Catapult OptimEye S5 for the full duration of each session using accumulated Playerload (PLdACC) and PLdACC per minute (PLdACC·min−1). Differences in loads between categories and days were assessed via Bayesian analysis of variance (BF10 ≥ 3). Predictive relationships between internal and external variables were calculated using Bayesian regression. Results: Session overall sRPE-TL = 448.6 (191.1) arbitrary units (AU); PLdACC = 310.6 (112) AU. Category segRPE-TL range = 33.8 (22.6) AU (warm-up) to 122.8 (54.6) AU (BJJ drills). Category PLdACC range = 44 (36.3) AU (warm-up) to 125 (58.8) AU (MMA sparring). Neither sRPE-TL nor PLdACC changed between days. PLdACC was different between categories. Evidence for regressions was strong-decisive except for BJJ drills (BF10 = 7, moderate). R2 range = .50 to .77, except for warm-up (R2 = .17), BJJ drills (R2 = .27), BJJ sparring (R2 = .49), and session overall (R2 = .13). Conclusions: While MMA training categories may be differentiated in terms of external load, overall session external load does not change within or between weeks. Resultant regression equations may be used to appropriately plan MMA technical/tactical training loads.
The Influence of a Multistage Mountain-Bike Race on Neuromuscular Activation and Synergies: A Case Study
Authors: Eken Maaike M. , Arnold Sarah L. , Thijssen Jordy , van der Schaaf Milou , Engelbrecht Louise , Lamberts Robert P.
Published: December 2023

Introduction: This case study aimed to describe potential changes in neuromuscular activation and synergies after an 8-day cross-country mountain-bike stage race. Methods: A peak power output test was performed 5 days before the race. Two days before the start and after 7 days of racing, the athlete performed a power-based Lamberts Submaximal Cycling Test, including surface electromyography, and completed a Daily Analysis of Life Demands of Athletes questionnaire. Neuromuscular activation, in terms of root mean square, timing (onset-offset) of muscle activation, and synergies, was obtained from electromyography recordings. Results: The athlete reported an increase in symptoms of experienced stress after the stage race on the Daily Analysis of Life Demands of Athletes questionnaire. Both biceps femoris and tibialis anterior muscles showed a reduction in normalized amplitude after the stage race. In addition, the number of synergies that was necessary to describe neuromuscular activation increased from 2 to 3. Conclusions: In this case study, the increase in synergies suggests that, after the stage race, the athlete showed a more complex muscle-recruitment pattern. This may indicate that muscle coordination can change when muscle fatigue occurs; however, further research is needed to confirm these results in a larger sample.
A Program and Session Evaluation of Student-Athletes’ Experiences Participating in a Mental Illness Destigmatization Intervention
Authors: Chow Graig M. , Gabana Nicole T. , Cox Charles , Cooper Brandon T. , Bird Matthew D.
Published: December 2023

Evidence-based stigma reduction interventions for student-athletes exist, but researchers have focused on assessing their effectiveness with little attention paid to understanding how participants experience such programs. The current study aimed to qualitatively evaluate a mental illness destigmatization intervention delivered to 35 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I student-athletes. The program consisted of four weekly 1 hr empirically based sessions. Program-level results showed that participants increased their understanding of student-athlete mental health and identified actionable ways to combat stigma. Session-level results revealed intervention components impacted knowledge and application consistent with their theoretical underpinnings (i.e., mental health literacy). Practical guidelines based on the findings suggest stigma reduction interventions aimed at student-athletes should provide information specific to the athletic context (i.e., common symptoms experienced by athletes), consider content that moves beyond mental health literacy (e.g., contact-based interventions), and present opportunities for participants to apply what they have learned (i.e., roll play displaying empathy).
The Evolution of Research in Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy: Changes Throughout Generations
Authors: Hodges Kulinna Pamela , Brusseau Timothy A. , Silverman Stephen
Published: December 2023

This paper builds on previous reviews of physical education/sport pedagogy research over time in the areas of teaching, teacher education, and curriculum. Ideas are shared about the evolution of terminology, specializations, research, methodology, theoretical frameworks, journals and publishing outlets, parent disciplines, and where programs sit in universities. This paper also highlights contributions of the 52 National Academy of Kinesiology fellows in the area of physical education/sport pedagogy. These fellows have been productive with high H-indexes and citation numbers, suggesting high scholarly productivity, as well as impactful work. There have been recent closures of physical education/sport pedagogy doctoral programs, some of which have been offset by new and reemerging programs. Doctoral programs are critical to the future of research in physical education so that the current success can continue.
(Un)Doing Diversity Work in a “Diverse” Space: Examining Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Work in Historically Black College and University Athletics
Authors: Williams A. Lamont , Fennell Marcis , Kluch Yannick
Published: December 2023

Matters related to diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) have taken center stage in intercollegiate athletics in response to renewed momentum of the Black Lives Matter movement after the murder of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, and Ahmaud Arbery (to name a few) in 2020. Following the trend, athletics diversity and inclusion officer positions have been developed to implement DEI programming and strategy in athletics on respective campuses. However, while research on DEI programming at historically White institutions is well established, inquiries on Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) are rare. To fill this gap in the literature on strategic DEI efforts, the present study aims to analyze the current landscape of DEI work at HBCUs. Drawing from racialized organization theory, we argue that the contemporary conceptualization of DEI hinders the perceptual need for DEI programming at HBCUs. Thus, the monolithic approach of DEI programming cannot remain the pragmatic solution to inequitable experiences in NCAA athletics, specifically at HBCUs. Considerations include budgetary allocations, professional development, and the overall athlete experience.
Three-dimensional thermophotonic super-resolution imaging by spatiotemporal diffusion reversal method
Authors: Thapa Damber , Tavakolian Pantea , Zhou George , Zhang Alan , Abdelgawad Asser , Shokouhi Elnaz Baradaran , Sivagurunathan Koneswaran , Mandelis Andreas
Published: December 2023

Spatial super-resolution in thermophotonic imaging was achieved using a combination of spatial second-derivative forming, spatial gradient adaptive filtering, and Richardson-Lucy deconvolution in conjunction with the construction of an experimental point spread function. When implemented through enhanced truncation-correlation photothermal coherence tomography (eTC-PCT), it was possible to restore blurred infrared thermophotonic images to their prediffusion optical resolution state. This modality was tested in various biological applications and proved to be capable of imaging fine axial cracks in human teeth, well-patterned anatomical subsurface structures of a mouse brain, and neovascularization in a mouse thigh due to the rapid proliferation of cancer cells. This modality was found to be immune to optical scattering and could reveal the true spatial extent of biological features at subsurface depths that conventional thermal imaging cannot reach because of limitations imposed by the physics of spreading diffusion.
Free-electron Ramsey-type interferometry for enhanced amplitude and phase imaging of nearfields
Authors: Bucher Tomer , Ruimy Ron , Tsesses Shai , Dahan Raphael , Bartal Guy , Vanacore Giovanni Maria , Kaminer Ido
Published: December 2023

The complex range of interactions between electrons and electromagnetic fields gave rise to countless scientific and technological advances. A prime example is photon-induced nearfield electron microscopy (PINEM), enabling the detection of confined electric fields in illuminated nanostructures with unprecedented spatial resolution. However, PINEM is limited by its dependence on strong fields, making it unsuitable for sensitive samples, and its inability to resolve complex phasor information. Here, we leverage the nonlinear, overconstrained nature of PINEM to present an algorithmic microscopy approach, achieving far superior nearfield imaging capabilities. Our algorithm relies on free-electron Ramsey-type interferometry to produce orders-of-magnitude improvement in sensitivity and ambiguity-immune nearfield phase reconstruction, both of which are optimal when the electron exhibits a fully quantum behavior. Our results demonstrate the potential of combining algorithmic approaches with state-of-the-art modalities in electron microscopy and may lead to various applications from imaging sensitive biological samples to performing full-field tomography of confined light.