bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Adding Aqueous Extract of Mentha Pulegium and Lemon and its Mixture to Drinking Water on some Growth Performance and Intestine Organs of Broiler Chicken
Authors: Kadhim Mohammed Jard
Published: December 2023

The research was conducted to detect some of growth and gastrointestinal performance of broiler chickens fed with aqueous extract of mentha pulegium or lemon, which are alternative growth stimulants. In the study 324 day-old chicks (Ross 308) were used. There were 4 feed treatments each consisting of 3 replicates (27 chicks per iteration). The control group ( C ) was fed on basal diet without adding, while the other three groups were fed on basic ration with the addition of (0.5%) aqueous extract of mentha pulegium (AEM) and (0.5%) aqueous extract of lemon (AEL) and (0.2.5%) aqueous extract of mentha pulegium plus (0.2.5%) aqueous extract of lemon (AEM+AEL) in drinking water, respectively. Feed intake and body weight were measured every week. At the age of 35 days, four birds were slaughtered for each replicate, the relative weights of edible internal organs, intestines, relative length of intestines and abdominal fat were calculated. Results showed that from 1 to 35 days of age, body weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion coefficient were higher (p < 0.05) in broiler chickens fed on the aqueous extract of mentha pulegium compared to the control. Lemon treatment and the mix has no obvious effect on productive characteristics compared to control group. The prorated weights of internal organs (edible), intestines and the prorated length of the intestines were impacted by the contents of mentha pulegium. The use of mentha pulegium and lemon alone or in combination reduces the weight of abdominal fat compared to the control group. Thus, mentha pulegium and lemon have an extensive range of investigation and future studies and need to take advantage of their potential benefits in order to develop animal production, particular the poultry industry.
Effect of Adding Fermented Juice of Epiphytic Lactic Acid Bacteria Prepared with Different Sources and Levels of Soluble Carbohydrates on Chemical Composition, Fermentation and Quality Characteristics of Wheat Straw Silages
Authors: Hussian Haithem M. , Saeed Ali A.
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted in Nutrition laboratory belonged to Animal Production Department-Agriculture College - Al-Qasim Green University to investigate the effect of adding fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (FJLB) prepared with different sources and levels of water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) on chemical composition, fermentation and quality characteristics of wheat straw silages (WSS). The FJLB was prepared from wild reed plant with three sources of WSC including glucose (G) at 1 and 2% (w/v, FJLB-G1, FJLB-G2), cane molasses (M) at 3 and 5% (w/v, FJLB-M3, FJLB-M5) and date molasses (D) at 3 and 5% (w/v, FJLB-D3, FJLB-D5). According to the source and level of FJLB, six samples of WSS were prepared by adding each FJLB at level of 1%. For control WWS, distilled water was added at similar quantity as FJLB (WWS-C). Urea and molasses were added to all samples at level of 1 and 10% on dry matter (DM) basis. Samples of WSS were tightly packed in double plastic bags and ensiled anaerobically for 45 days. Color of WSS samples were characterized with acceptable smell. Results showed that there was a significant decrease (p<0.01) in DM content of WWS samples prepared with FJLB-M3 and FJLB-M5 as compared with WWS-C. However, crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) and crude fiber (CF) contents in WWS were not affected by addition of FJLB. Addition of FJLB improved fermentation characteristics of WWS, lactic acid (LA) and volatile fatty acids (VFA) were significantly (p<0.01) increased. Moreover, lower (p<0.01) DM losses were estimated in WSS prepared FJLBs.
Study of the Heavy Metals Concentration Level in the Water and Sediment and some Tissues of the Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella V. Cultured in Cages in the Euphrates River
Authors: Nasser Zahraa Hussein , Fahad Kamil K.
Published: December 2023

The current study was conducted in Thi Qar Governorate, Nasiriyah city on one of the private farms, grass carp were cultured, to determine the effect of some heavy elements (cadmium, copper and zinc) in the water and sediments of the Euphrates River, measuring the concentration of elements in some parts (gills, muscles and viscera) of grass carp fish. Water, sediment and fish samples were collected monthly from 11/8/2022 to 4/8/2023. The study also included field tests such as air and water temperature measurements, the air temperature ranged between 11-29 C, and the water temperature ranged between 9-25 C. Heavy metals were measured in water, sediment and fish tissues by flame atomic absorption spectrometer. The results showed the highest total concentration of cadmium in the water during April and copper in February and April, as for zinc, it recorded the highest concentration during April. The highest concentration of cadmium was recorded in the gills and muscles during April. The highest concentration of cadmium in the guts was recorded in the winter. Copper had the highest concentration in the gills and muscles during April. Zinc recorded high concentrations in the viscera, muscles and gills. As for the sediments, the values of cadmium ranged from 0.104-0.223 μg/L. Copper recorded values ranging between 5.07-13.2 μg/L. Zinc values ranged between 29.87-59.2 μg/L. The results showed that the accumulation of heavy elements was as follows: Concentrations in the water of zinc>cadmium>copper. Concentrations in the sediments of zinc> copper>cadmium. In tissues: Cadmium viscera>gills>muscle. gillscopper>viscera>muscles. Viscera>gills>muscles.
Pollution Levels of Three Heavy Elements and some Environmental Factors for Mud Farm Water North of Thi-Qar
Authors: Joudah Sarah Kadhim , Fahad Kamil kadhim
Published: December 2023

The current study was conducted to determine the levels of pollution of the three heavy elements, and some environmental factors for the water of a mud farm north of Thi Qar district of Shatrah, at the village of Al-Ajja Al-Buhan, near Hor Al-Ghomqa, it is 55 km away from the center of Al-Nasiriyah, from 5/11/2022 to 5/4/2023. The study included measuring the temperature of water and air, turbidity, electrical connection, salinity, total dissolved solids, pH and dissolved oxygen. Water samples were analyzed on a monthly basis. The results of the study showed that the air temperature ranged between 22-30 °C, the water temperature ranges between 17-20°C, turbidity ranges from 8.11-11.3 NTU, the electrical conductivity of the salinity recorded values ranging from 1.19-1.99 μS/cm, total dissolved solids recorded values ranging between 6543 - 11165 mg / L, the pH values range from 7.17-7.98, between neutral to lightly basic, dissolved oxygen values ranged between 6.77-8.9 mg/L during the months of the experiment. Standard methods were used to estimate the concentrations of heavy metals in water, by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that the highest total concentration of zinc, copper and cadmium, recorded in water during the months of the year amounted to 22.89, 1.99 and 2.99 μg / L, respectively. The results showed that the accumulation of elements heavy was, concentrations in the water of zinc > copper > cadmium.
Effect of Adding Fermented Juice of Epiphytic Lactic Acid Bacteria Prepared with Different Sources of Soluble Carbohydrates on Fermentation Characteristics of Wheat Straw Silage, Rumen Fermentation and Nutrients Digestibility by Awassi Lambs
Authors: Hussian Haithem M. , Saeed Ali A.
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted to determine the effect of using different sources of water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) in preparation of fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (FJLB) added at ensiling on fermentation characteristics of wheat straw silages (WSS), rumen fermentation and nutrients digestibility by Awassi lambs. The FJLBs were prepared from wild reed plant with glucose at 2% (w/v, FJLB-G), cane molasses at 5% (w/v, FJLB-M) or date molasses at 5% (w/v, FJLB-D). Wheat straw were ensiled for 45 days with addition of FJLBs at level of 1%, for control WSS, distilled water was added at similar quantity as FJLB (WWS-C). Urea and molasses were added to all WSS at level of 1 and 10% on dry matter (DM) basis. Twelve lambs were used in 4 treatments with 3 lambs per each. Lambs were fed concentrate diet at 3% of their BW with free allowances of WSS. Results revealed that ensiling WS with FJLBs improved silage fermentation as evidenced by lower (P<0.01) pH and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration together with higher (P<0.01) lactic acid (LA) and volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentrations. Higher (P<0.01) digestibilities of most nutrients including cell wall components were associated with lambs fed WSS-M and WSS-D as compared with those fed WSS-G and WSS-C. However, higher (P<0.01) organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP), digestibilities were recorded by lambs fed WSS-M. Moreover, ruminal NH3-N and VFA were positively influenced by feeding WSS prepared with FJLB in general, FJLB-M and FJLB-D in particular.
Response of Broiler to Addition Dimethylglycine of Normal and Low-Energy Diets in Productive Performance
Authors: Hazaa Ahmed Abdulsalam , Nafea Husam Hikmet
Published: December 2023

The research was conducted in poultry fields in the Department of Animal Production / College of Agriculture / University of Anbar for the period starting from the third of September 2022 until the fourteenth of December 2022 (42 days), and The purpose of the study was to find out the effect adding dimethylglycine to diets Regular and low-energy diets on productive performance of broiler chickens. 180 Ross 308 unsexed chicks, 1 day old and average weight of 37.8 g, were used, distributed to two groups depending on the energy level in the diet (normal diet and low energy diet), each group was treated with dimethylglycine at levels (0, 300 and 600 mg / In kg of fed), The results showed a significant improvement (P < 0.05) for the addition treatments 0, 300 and 600 mg / kg feed in average body weight, weight gain and feed conversion factor compared to control treatments. As for the interaction between the trait of the diet and the additives, a significant improvement (P < 0.05) was observed in the treatment of the regular ration by adding 300 DMG / kg feed compared to the rest of the treatments, then this was followed by the treatment with reduced food rations without addition or with the addition of 300 DMG / kg fed. We conclude that adding DMG at the above levels to the regular and low-energy diets The productive performance of broilers improved without any negative effect.
Effect of a Low-Protein Diet with Different Levels of Amino Acid Mixture in Laying Hens on their Performance and Some Qualitative Characteristics of Eggs
Authors: Al-Bayati Omar I. , Al-Mashhadani Hisham A.
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted for the period from 1/1/2022 to 1/8/2022 (210 days), to study the effect of replacing the mixture of amino acids (methionine, lysine, and threonine) instead of the protein concentrate in the diets of laying hens that reduced crude protein by (1, 1.5, 2%) in some qualitative characteristics of eggs. In the study, (128) laying hens of the Lohmann Brown type were used, at the age of (21) weeks, preceded by two weeks of preparation for the herd. They were randomly distributed among 8 treatments, with 8 replications for each treatment, as each repetition includes (2) chickens (16 chickens/treatment). And the experimental treatments were as follows: T1 the control (standard diet), T2 (a treatment devoid of the protein concentrate), and the treatments T3, T4, and T5 (in which the percentage of crude protein was reduced by 1% and a mixture of amino acids consisting of methionine, lysine, and threonine was added by 1, 1.5, and 2%, respectively)., and treatments T6, T7, and T8 (in which the percentage of crude protein was reduced by 2% and a mixture of amino acids consisting of methionine, lysine, and threonine was added by 1, 1.5, and 2%, respectively). The results showed that there was a significant (P < 0.05) superiority for the treatments T1, T4, and T8 in yolk weight, yolk diameter, yolk relative weight, and yolk index at the middle of the experiment at the age of (21-32) weeks, while both were significantly superior (P < 0.05) From the coefficients T2, T9, T10 in the yolk weight, yolk height, yolk diameter, and the relative weight of the yolk in the last period of the experiment, The results showed a significant superiority (P < 0.05) for treatments T1, T8, and T10 when calculating the Albumin weight, Albumin height, Albumin diameter, and the relative weight of the egg, Treatments T2 and T3 were significantly (P<0.05) superior when measuring the weight of the eggshell, the relative weight of the eggshell, and the average thickness of the eggshell, compared with most of the experimental treatments. These results indicate that there is a qualitative improvement for some of the studied traits when adding the mixture of amino acids and reducing the percentage of total protein by 1.2% compared to the control group that does not contain amino acids.
The Effect of Adding Thymol on Rumen Fermentations, the Digestibility of Nutrients and Bacterial Count of Arabi Lamb’s Rumen Fluid in Vitro
Authors: Al-Dabisi Abbas Nasser , Al-Galbi Hanaa Ali , Al-Hellou Murtda Faraj
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to investigate the microbial responses to thymol supplementation in the rumen fluid of Arabi lambs and determine the effective dose of thymol on rumen fermentation. Thymol was added at different concentrations (0, 200, 300, 400 mg thymol/L of rumen fluid) with four replicates for each treatment during a 24-hour laboratory incubation period. The Real-Time PCR-DNA technique was used to count the bacteria in the rumen fluid, and the fermentations of the rumen fluid were examined. The results indicated that thymol did not have an effect on the pH and ammonia nitrogen concentration of the rumen fluid. However, the addition of thymol at concentrations of 200, 300, and 400 mg/L showed significant improvements in metabolic energy, total fatty acids, and total gas production compared to the control treatment (0 mg thymol). Methane gas concentration significantly decreased when thymol was added at a concentration of 400 mg/L. The digestibility of organic matter and fiber improved at concentrations of 300 and 400 mg/L, respectively. The digestibility of crude protein was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the control and 200 mg/L treatments compared to the 300 and 400 mg/L treatments. Regarding the number of bacteria, there were no significant differences between the treatments in the average total number of bacteria and the number of fiber-degrading bacteria of the genus Ruminococcus flavefaciens in the rumen fluid. However, the addition of thymol led to a significant increase in the number of fibrous bacteria from the genus Ruminococcus albus. The third treatment (300 mg/L) showed the highest number of Ruminococcus albus bacteria (5.86 × 710 CFU/mL rumen fluid) compared to the first and second treatments (4.55 × 710, 4.71 × 710 CFU/mL rumen fluid, respectively). In conclusion, thymol improved metabolic energy, total fatty acids, digestibility of organic matter and total gas production, while reducing methane gas concentration. The addition of thymol did not significantly affect the total number of bacteria but increased the number of fibrous bacteria from the genus Ruminococcus albus.
Effect of Protein Concentrate Withdrawal and Reducing the Crude Protein in Diets and Supporting Them with a Mixtures of Essential Amino Acids on some Physiological Traits of Laying Hens
Authors: Al-Bayati Omar I. , Al-Mashhadani Hisham A.
Published: December 2023

The study was conducted to show Effect of protein concentrate Withdrawal and reducing the crude Protein in diets and supporting them with a mixtures of essential amino acids on some physiological traits of laying hens. (128) laying hens, type Lohmann Brown, at the age of (21) weeks, was randomly distributed among 8 treatments, with 8 replications for each treatment, as each replication was carried out on (2) hen (16 chickens/treatment), And the experimental treatments were as follows: T1 control (standard diet) and T2 (a treatment devoid of protein concentration ), and treatments T3, T4, and T5 (in which the percentage of crude protein was reduced by 1% and add on a mixture of amino acids consisting of methionine, lysine, and threonine was added by 1, 1.5, and 2%, respectively), and treatments T6, T7, and T8 (in which the percentage of crude protein was reduced by 2%, and add on a mixture of amino acids consisting of methionine, lysine, and threonine was added by 1, 1.5, and 2%, respectively). The results showed that there were no significant differences between the treatments of the experiment, but it was noted that there was a significant superiority (P < 0.05) for the treatments of adding the mixture of amino acids in favor of the treatments T1 and T10 in terms of cholesterol, total protein and albumin, compared with the treatment of T1 and T2 control, as well as treatment recorded T1, T2 and T3 Highly significant (P<0.01) superiority in IgM and IgA traits. It can be concluded from this study that adding the mixture of amino acids by 1.5 and 2% and reducing the protein percentage by (1 and 2%) led to a significant improvement in some physiological characteristics compared with the control treatment
Principal Component Analysis for the Egg Traits in Three Genetic Lines of Japanese Quail
Authors: Al-Tamimy S. M. A. , Shaker Ahmed Sami
Published: December 2023

The current study was carried out at the poultry farms of animal production department, college of agriculture, University of Kirkuk from May 2022 to June 2023. A total of (300) eggs were collecting from three genetic groups of the Japanese quail (brown, grey, and white) to evaluate the external egg traits concerning (Egg weight, Egg length, Egg breadth, Shell thickness). The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) for the three genetic lines (brown, grey, and white) of the Japanese quail were (0.651, 0.728, and 0.667) respectively. The communalities represent estimates of variance in each variable accounted, for the brown genetic group of the three traits length, breadth, and eggshell thickness was (0.990, 0.817, and 0.872) respectively. Three Eigen values were extract for the three genetic lines. We conclude that the principal component analysis of the external egg traits that effected the egg weight in the three genetic lines of the Japanese quail differ among the lines due to the genetic makeup of the lines.
A study on the Effect of Liquid Optical Enhancers (Garlimmune), Baseline Enhancer, and Local Hawthorn Leaves on the Physiological Characteristics of Broiler Blood Chickens (ross-308)
Authors: Abd Kahlan Ahmed , Al Nuaimi Mohammed Ibrahim Ahmed , Mustafa Nidhal Abdulghani
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this study, which took place at a KYSAR Company poultry farm in the city of Erbil, was to compare the effects of supplementing ROSS-308 broilers with either a single dose of hawthorn tree leaf powder or a mixture of hawthorn tree leaf powder and a different type of photobiotic liquid. A total of 144 day-old, gender-neutral broilers were randomly assigned to one of six treatments, each with three replicate pens (11) containing eight birds. Ad libitum feeding was used, and fresh water was always within reach. The chicks had a mean life weight of 40 grams. The nutritional therapies were as detailed below. T1: a basic diet (Control I diet), T2: a basic diet supplemented with 0.025% of Powder Hawthom tree leaves, T3: a basic diet supplemented with 0.50 % of Powder Hawthom tree leaves, and T4: a basic diet supplemented with 0.50 % of the liquid Garlimmune used to treat warts, given as 0.50 ml per 100 ml of drinking water for 7 days throughout the growth phase. T5: Powder Hawthom tree leaf and drinking Wart 0.25% of the base diet T6: The base food supplemented with 0.50% Powder Hawthom tree leaves, and the drinking Wart included liquid Garlimmune at a concentration of 0.50 milligrams per 100 milliliters for seven days during the growth phase. In a statistical comparison between birds given 1, 2, and 3 treatments and those given 4, 5, and 6, the latter showed a statistically significant improvement in live body weight at 35 days (p 0.05). However, there was a notable improvement in this feature among the birds exposed to Treatments 2 and 3. Gain weight over 1-35 days was substantially (p 0.05) better for the birds in treatments 5 and 6, and it was significantly (p 0.05) better for the birds in treatments 4 and 6 compared to the birds in treatments 1, 2, and 3. Those fed the smallest amount of food had a far higher feed conversion ratio than the birds in treatments 1, 2, 3, and 4. Carcass weight was substantially (p.05) higher for the 6 treated birds compared to the other treatments. The birds given the 6 treatment had significantly (p.05) more thigh meat than those given the 1, 2, or 3 treatments, while the birds given the 5 and 6 treatments had significantly (p.05) more breast meat than those given the 1 or 2 treatments. When compared to control treatment birds, birds given the sixth treatment had significantly (p.05) heavier hearts, gizzards, and livers on average.
The Effect of using Different Sources of Vegetable Oils on the Productive Performance of Broilers Ross 308
Authors: aldarraji Saif A. J. , Abdullah Bahaa Jalal , Albaddy Maad A.K. , Alkassy Sajid
Published: December 2023

In order to determine the impact of using five different types of vegetable oils on the productive performance of broiler chickens, Ross 308, I carried out a field experiment in the poultry field of the Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, Tikrit University, between November 28, 2022, and January 5, 2023. A total of 150 Ross 308 unsexed chicks, each weighing an average of (39.12) g at one day old, participated in the study. Five chicks were assigned to each of the six replicates in each of the five treatments, which were given equally to the chicks. Sunflower oil was utilized in the first treatment, followed by linseed oil in the second, olive oil in the third, canola oil in the fourth, and maize oil in the fifth. According to the Ross 308 Breeding Guide, crushed feed, lighting, and water were given. At the conclusion of each feeding session, the body weight, weight increase, amount of feed consumed, and feed conversion factor were recorded. These were the outcomes: The fourth treatment (using canola oil) did not significantly differ from the other experimental treatments in terms of body weight at 35 days or total weight gain, and there was no significant difference between the experimental treatments. The fourth treatment was significantly better than the control treatment (using sunflower oil). in terms of feed conversion ratio and feed usage.
Effect of Addition Different Levels of Kojic Acid and Sodium Alginate as a substitutes of conventional Antibiotic on the Characteristics of Cryopreserved Semen of Buffalo Bulls
Authors: Mahdi Zainab Adel , Banana Husam Jasim Hussein , Mohammed Omar Adel
Published: December 2023

This experiment examined the effects of adding sodium alginate and KOJIC acid as substitutes of Conventional antibiotics to soybean lecithin extender on the characteristics of cryopreserved and frozen buffalo bull semen, as well as evaluation of their additions as antibiotics that to help lowering the microbial load. Following the collection and dilution of in the soybean lecithin extender, the experimental treatments were separated into five groups, as follows: T1: (control-) without adding any antibiotics; T2: (control+) adding the conventional antibiotics Gentamicin 0.4 IU and Tylosin 0.08 IU per 100 ml; T3: adding Kojic acid at (0.06 g/L) T4: adding sodium alginate at (0.6 mg/mL)T5: adding a combination of Kojic acid (0.06 g/liter) with sodium alginate (0.6 mg/ml) The diluted semen was cryopreserved in accordance with the recommended procedure, and characteristics of the Cryopreserved semen were then assessed. These characteristics included sperm viability and individual motility, as well as bacteriological tests that measured the total number of bacteria in the treatments, the total number of E. coli bacteria, and total number of Staphylococcus bacteria for both cooled and frozen semen after 2 hours, 48 hours, 2 months, and 3 months post cryopreservation Results of the study revealed A significant enhancement differences (p 0.05) for the treatments T3, T4 and T5in the percentages of Individual motility and viability in comparison to the two control groups, as well as significant reduction( P 0.05) in the total number of bacteria and the total number of E. coli and Staphylococcus bacteria for treatments T3, T4 and T5after all periods at cooling and freezing in compared with the two control groups. it is concluded from the current experiment that addition of Sodium alginate and Kojic acid as an alternative substitute for commonly used antibiotics to the semen extender has a significant role in enhancing some characteristics of the buffalo bulls’ semen and helped to reduce the microbial load to a minimum.
Study of the Chemical Properties of the Meat of some Fish Imported to Iraq
Authors: Faisal Saad Ayad , Al-Khshali Muhammed Shakir
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted to determine the validity of three species of frozen fish imported to Iraq. A comparison was made between the state of the fish (whole or fillets) for the same species, and then a comparison was made between the different species of fish, which are Seabream Sparus aurata, seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax and tuna, Tunnus alalunga by conducting some chemical tests of frozen fish samples, as the percentage of moisture, protein, fat and ash were estimated. The results showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in the moisture content of whole seabream and fillets amounted to 72.10 and 75.16%, respectively, and in seabass it amounted to 73.05 and 74.48%, while in whole tuna fish and fillets it was 75.63 and 76.16%, respectively. No significant differences were recorded in the percentage of protein for the state of fish among the three species (whole and fillets), as it reached 18.19 and 15.60% in seabream in both whole and fillet states, respectively, in seabass 17.59 and 17.10%, respectively, and in tuna fish 18.40 and 18.47% respectively. As for the percentage of fat in the whole fish and fillets of the three species, no significant differences were recorded for whole seabream and fillets, amounting to 8.23 and 7.36%, respectively, while significant differences were recorded in seabass fish between the state of whole fish and fillets, amounting to 7.72 and 6.57%, respectively, in tuna fish, 4.42 and 2.91%, respectively. The results did not record significant differences in the ash percentage of whole seabream and fillets, which amounted to 1.23 and 1.15%, respectively, 1.03 and 1.26% for seabass, respectively, while it was 1.13 and 1.62% for whole tuna and fillets, respectively. The results of the study concluded that the meat of seabream, seabass and tuna imported to Iraq is considered suitable for human consumption after undergoing standards and comparison with the specifications approved locally and internationally.
Effect of Adding Lion’s Mane Mushroom Hericium erinaceus and Reishi Mushrooms Ganoderma lucidum to Broiler Diets on some Physiological, Immunological Characteristics and Oxidation Indicators of Meat
Authors: Ahmed Al-Azzawi Reem Raad , Bandr Luma K.
Published: December 2023

Research on the effect of supplementing broiler diets with Hericium erinaceus and Ganoderma lucidum was conducted from March 22, 2022, to April 18, 2022, in the poultry field at the Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Abu Ghraib. Productivity that really packs a punch. The experiment used 210 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks with an average starting weight of 42.38 g (10 birds/replicated). After receiving starter diet for the first 10 days, the chicks switched to growth diet for the next 11-24 days. The birds were randomly assigned to one of seven treatments for the last 25-42 days, with three replicates per treatment and 10 birds in each replication. These were the experimental procedures: (T1) A diet devoid of any modifications or supplements. (T2), the basic ration supplemented with 1g/kg of feed from the lion’s mane mushroom; (T3), the basic ration supplemented with 1.5g/kg of feed from the lion’s mane mushroom; ((T4), the basic ration supplemented with 2 g/kg of the lion’s mane mushroom; (T5), the basic diet supplemented with 1 g/kg of the fungus; (T6), the basic diet Results showed a high significant increase (p0.01) for T1 treatment birds, a highly significant decrease (p≤0.01) for T6 birds, and a highly significant decrease (p0.01) for LDL in the blood of birds receiving any additional treatments. The percentage of free fatty acids (FFA) in the frozen meat of treatment T4, followed by T3, and the percentage decreased in all addition treatments compared to the control treatment T1, and the results of oxidative stress showed a highly significant decrease (p>0.01) in the concentration of MDA and P.V of broiler meat frozen 60 days for the treatments T3, T4, and T7.
Effect of Replacing Rice Impurities Instead of Wheat Bran or Barley on Rumen Bacteria and Fermentation Characteristics of Awassi Lambs
Authors: Al-Kinani Jaafar Karim , Tawfeeq Al-Ani Jamal A.
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of substitution three levels of rice impurities 0%, 50% and 100% instead of wheat bran or barley grains on digestibility and productive performance of Awassi lambs. In the morning, concentrated feed was given individually at 3% of live body weight as a dry matter basis for 56 days preceded by 14 days as an adaptation period. Roughage intake (wheat straw) was given ad-libitum (with residue) and recorded. Twenty-four male lambs aged 3-4 months with an initial weight 24.66 ± 2.81kg divided into six treatments with replacing rice impurities 0%, 50% and 100% instead of wheat bran (T1), T2, T3) or barley grains (T4, T5, T6) in a 2×3 factorial experiment/Completely Randomized Design. The results of rumen ammonia nitrogen showed no significant effect for replacing rice impurities instead of wheat bran and a decrease (P< 0.01) for barley replacement treatments at 0 time, while after 2 hours of feed, ammonia nitrogen increased for replacing rice impurities instead of barley grains (P<0.05), and after 4 hours of feeding, ammonia nitrogen decreased (P<0.01) for the replacing treatments with the superiority of barley grains replacement. The volatile fatty acids increased (P<0.05) for replacing 50% rice impurities instead of wheat bran (T2) at 0 time, while after 2 hours, increased (P<0.05) for all wheat bran replacing treatments compared to barley grains treatments (T5 and T6). After 4 hours, volatile fatty acids decreased (P<0.05) for all replacing treatments. Rumen fluid pH values showed an increase (P<0.05) for 100% relacing instead of wheat bran (T3) at 0 time, while increased after 2 hours of feeding for all substitution treatments, with no significance after 4h. Total count of rumen fluid bacteria showed an increase (P<0.05) in treatments of rice impurities replacing instead of wheat bran and barley at all times of measuring after feeding. In conclusion: It’s preferred to replace rice impurities instead of barley grain or wheat bran to achieve low-priced feed ingredients with a positive effect on rumen fermentation and bacterial count.
Effect of Breed on some Production Traits and Reproductive Traits of Local Sheep
Authors: Ahmood Al-Janabi Yasser Ammar , Habeeb Hayder Mohammed Hassan , Al-Qasimi Rahman H. H.
Published: December 2023

The current study was conducted at Khairat Al-Etihad station in the Shomali region-Babylon. Twenty-four ewes of the Awassi and Al-Krishi breeds and their mixtures were used in the study for the period from August 11, 2022 to April 23, 2023. To study the effect of the breed on some production traits such as lamb weight at birth, weaning, and body dimensions measurements. Various types such as body length, front height, rear height, chest circumference, and abdominal circumference, as well as studying some reproductive traits such as fertility rates, twins, and births in the same abdomen. The results of the current study showed that there was no significant effect of the breed on the weight of lambs at birth. As for body dimensions, the group of lambs resulting from crossbreeding sheep was significantly superior (p<0.05) in body length only to the Awassi and Kreishi lambs. respectively, The breed recorded a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the weight of lambs at weaning, as the group of lambs resulting from mixed ewes outperformed the lambs produced from Awassi and Krishi ewes, as well as in the traits of forefoot height, chest circumference, and abdominal circumference. Also, the group of mixed lambs was significantly (p<0.05) superior to the Awassi and Kreishi lambs. As for the reproductive traits studied, the breed had a significant effect on a number of reproductive traits, where the group of Awassi ewes was significantly superior at the level of (P < 0.01) over the two groups of Al-Kreishi and their mixtures in trait of the number of births, and at the level of (P < 0.05) in the two traits of the number and percentage of pregnant ewes and the fertility rate and excelled. The group of mixed ewes was significantly (P<0.01) on the two groups of Awassi and Kreishi in terms of the percentage of twins and the number of births in one litter. As for the traits of the length of pregnancy, the number of ewes born at birth, the number of births and the number of twins, the breed did not record a significant effect on it.
Adding of Different Levels of Butyric Fatty Acid in the Diets of Common Carp Cyprinus carpio L. and its Effect on Productive, Physiological and Immunological Characteristics
Authors: Alhamadany Abbas Shanshool , mohamed Mariam J. , Al-Gharawi Jassim Kassim
Published: December 2023

The experiment was conducted for a period of 84 days in 12 plastic cages with a diameter of 50 cm and a depth of 65 cm in a cylindrical shape, in which 72 common carp Cyprinus carpio L. were randomly distributed, with an average weight of (25 ± 0.08) g/fish, on four experimental treatments, with three replications for each treatment and 6 fish. for each repeater. he fish were fed diets with a protein content of 29.14% and a total energy of 396.726 (Kcal/g). Butyric acid was added by spraying with a small sprinkler after mixing with 30 ml of distilled water for each kg of feed. The four addition ratios were B 0.00%, which was the control, B 0.05%, which was the first treatment, B 0.15%, which was the second treatment, and B 0.20%, It was the third treatment. The fish were fed three meals a day at a rate of 3% of body weight. The results of the statistical analysis showed that the treatment, B 0.15% was superior in all studied growth parameters, FW, WG, DGR, RGR, SGR, MGR, FI, FCR, FCE, and PER. Significantly (p≤0.05) was followed by the treatment B 0.05%, then the treatment B 0.20%. As for blood parameters, the treatment, B 0.15%, also excelled over the rest of the treatments, as it recorded an increase in RBC, Hp, PCV, MCV, MCH, and MCHC. Significantly (p≤0.05) was followed by treatment B 0.05%, then treatment B 0.20%. As for immunological criteria, B 0.15% excelled, followed by B 0.05%, as it excelled in WBC, TSP, and IGM. As for the hormonal aspects, the second treatment excelled in the standard of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyronine (T3) and thyroxin (T4), followed significantly by the first treatment and then the third treatment. In terms of liver enzymes, the results were within the normal range, although there were significant differences between the experimental treatments in the level of the studied enzymes, namely ALT, AST, and ALP. This indicates that there are no negative effects on fish with added concentrations of acid. It can be said that butyric acid can be used in diets of common carp fish due to its positive effect in many respects, especially in the growth and blood aspects.
Synergistic Effect of Butyric and Propionic Supplementation in Common Carp Diets on Growth and Immunological Parameters
Authors: Alhamadany Abbas Shanshool , mohamed Mariamm J. , Al-Gharawi Jassim Kassim
Published: December 2023

The experiment was conducted for the period from 1/9/2021 to 3/6/2022, at the first agricultural research and experiment station of the College of Agriculture, Al-Muthanna University, which is located north of the city of Samawah near the end of the Alatshan river, about 4 km, whose water was relied upon as a source in this study. The butyric and propionic acids were mixed in the following proportions, and were fed to the experimental fish by ten treatments, which was (P0.00%, B0.00%), the control treatment, (P0.05%B0.05%) the first treatment T1, (%P 0.05%, B 0.15%) second treatment T2, (%P 0.05 0.20 B%) the third treatment T3, (%P 0.15% B0.05%) the fourth treatment T4, ( %P 0.15 %B 0.15) the fifth transaction T5, (P 0.15%B 0.20%) was the sixth treatment T6, (%P 0.20%B 0.05) was the seventh treatment T7, (%P 0.20 %B 0.15) was the eighth treatment T8, (%P 0.20 %B 0.20) was The ninth treatment T9, and they were added to diets with a protein content of 29.14% and a total energy of 396.726 (Kcal/g), 180 common carp (Cyprinus carpio L) fish were distributed among the ten treatments, and each treatment had three replications in 30 plastic cages with diameters of 50 cm and a depth of 65 cm in a cylindrical shape, each cage has 6 fish. The results showed the superiority of T2 in all growth parameters FW, WG, DGR, RGR, SGR, MGR, FI, FCR, FCE, and PER, followed significantly by T1, then T3, then T4 in almost all growth parameters. From the foregoing, it can be said that butyric and propionic acids can be used as functional additives in common carp fish diets, as they improve metabolic growth coefficient, feed conversion efficiency, and increase food intake efficiency.
Effect of Genetic Variation of Leptin Gene on Intake of Roughage and Concentrated Diet of Awassi Lambs
Authors: Enas R. A. , Mohamed S. F.
Published: December 2023

This research was carried out in the animal farm at the University of Baghdad’s College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences between January 22 and April 2, 2022. The purpose of this research is to examine how variations in the leptin gene may influence feed conversion ratio, roughage intake, and concentrated diet consumption. Here, forty Awassi lambs are put to use. The (40) Awassi lambs were randomly assigned to separate pens when they were selected at 4–5 months old with an average birth weight of 25.4 kilograms. 66.67, 30.56, and 2.7% were found to be SNP (G>A) variants; the differences between these three groups were statistically significant (P0.01). Roughage feed derived from dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, croud fiber, ash g/day, and metabolic energy MJ/kg dry matter () showed no significant differences in leptin gene variation. The results also showed that genetic stress Leptin gene had no effect on organic dry matter consumption (g/day), crude protein consumption (g/day), ash consumption (g/day), fat extract consumption (g/day), crude fiber consumption (g/day), or the amount of soluble carbohydrates and metabolite energy (MJ/kg dry matter) consumed.
Impact of Glycetin Injection on Productive Traits in local Iraqi Chickens
Authors: Al-Mousawi Noha A. , Al-Hayani Waleed Kh. , Alate Yousif M.
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to investigate the impact of implementing Glycetin by injection on the productive features of local Iraqi chickens. 100 female hens and 20 roosters from a local Iraqi chicken population, at age 26 weeks. The sample was divided into three groups, in addition to a control group. Each experimental group had 25 female hens, with the same procedure being performed for each individual hen, and 20 roosters, which were reared separately for the purpose of artificial insemination. The avian specimens were housed in separate enclosures, and the experimental conditions were allocated as follows: the initial condition (Control Group) did not receive any injections, whereas conditions T2, T3, and T4 were administered with varying doses of Glycetin at concentrations of 5, 10, and 15 milligrams per kilogram of body weight, respectively. The results showed improve significant (P<0.05) many aspects such as egg production rate, cumulative egg count, egg mass, egg weight, and feed conversion ratio.
Effect of Different Levels of Aflatoxin B1 in Concentrated Livestock Diets on Some Characteristics of Rumen Fluid in Laboratory with Sodium Bentonite
Authors: Al-Taie Mohammed Yahya , Alsamaraee Wafaa Hameed
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted in the nutrition laboratory of the Department of Animal Production in the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences at the University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriya. The experiment lasted for 90 days to investigate the effects of adding sodium bentonite (SB) to a concentrated diet contaminated with aflatoxin B1 on some characteristics of rumen fluid in a laboratory setting. Four diets were prepared, each contaminated with different concentrations of aflatoxin B1 (0, 20, 40, 60 ppb), and four different percentages of sodium bentonite (0, 3, 5, 7%) were added to each ration. The results showed a significant increase in pH values among the different treatments, with the diet contaminated with 40 ppb aflatoxin B1 (T3) recording the highest acidity compared to the control treatment at 0% concentration. However, there were no significant differences in pH rates between the treatments. The pH rates of 7% sodium bentonite addition did not differ significantly from 5% and 0%, while 3% had the lowest pH rate. Regarding volatile fatty acids (VFA), there was a significant increase in their percentage with the increase in sodium bentonite concentrations. The second treatment contaminated with 20 ppb aflatoxin B1 recorded the highest VFA percentage among the treatments, while the fourth treatment (T4) at 0% concentration recorded the lowest VFA percentage. Significant differences in VFA percentages were observed among all the treatments, with the highest VFA percentage in T2, followed by T3 and T1, while T4 recorded the lowest percentage. The analysis of ammonia nitrogen values showed a significant increase among the different treatments, with T2 recording the highest value among the treatments, and T4 at 0% concentration recording the lowest ammonia nitrogen value. Significant differences in the average percentage of ammonia nitrogen were observed among all the experimental treatments, with the highest value in T2, followed by T1 and T3, while T4 recorded the lowest percentage. The total number of microorganisms showed a significant increase with the increase in sodium bentonite concentrations, with T2 at 7% concentration having the highest number of microorganisms, while T4 at 0% concentration recorded the lowest number. Significant differences in the average total number of microorganisms were observed among all the experimental treatments, with T2 having the highest number, followed by T1 and T3, while T4 had the lowest number.
Effect of Adding Taurine on Gene Expression of GPX1 and ACACA Genes of Broiler Chickens Raised at Different Temperatures
Authors: Al-Qaisy Noor Emad Abd , Saed Zaed J. M.
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted in animal production farm in Collage Agriculture - University of Anbar during 7/8 – 17/9/2022 during summer and 25/2–7/4/2023 in winter to study the effect of addition different levels of taurine to diet in gene expression of GPX1 and ACACA genes of broiler chickens (Ross 308) raised at different temperatures during the summer and winter seasons. 180 one day unsexed hatched chicks will distributed into five treatments with three replicates for each treatment, as the following T1, control treatment, T2 adding 300 mg of vitamin C per kg diet during summer and 300 mg of vitamin D in winter, T3, T4 and T5 adding 300,600 and 900 mg of taurine per kg diet respectively. The results of the statistical analysis of the two experiments showed significant effect (P≤0.01) of the addition treatments on gene expression values of the ACACA gene, as the treatments T3-T5 recorded the lowest values of gene expression during the summer and winter seasons compared to the t1 treatment. As for the gene expression of the GPX1 enzyme, the treatment T5 and T2 recorded the lowest values of gene expression during the summer and winter seasons, respectively.
Effect of Adding Garlic Powder and Local Red Sumac to Quail Diets on Productive Performance and some Blood Biochemical Characteristics During the Growth Stage in Cages
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed A. , Hussein Saad M. , Shaker Ahmed S.
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of adding garlic powder and red sumac to the nutritional requirements (0.00, 3% sumac, 3% garlic, and 3% sumac + 3% garlic) on the growth performance of quail. The study was conducted in the animal production fields of the College of Agriculture at Kirkuk University from the period 10/3/2022 to 21/4/2022. Ninety-six quail chicks were randomly distributed into four nutritional treatments: (standard diet without any additions), (standard diet + 3% sumac), (standard diet + 3% garlic), and (standard diet + 3% sumac and 3% garlic). Each treatment contained four replicates, and six chicks were used for each replicate in cages. At the end of the experiment (42 days), from each replicate male and female were slaughtered and blood was collected for the biochemical test. The result of the study showed a significant effect of treatment four compared to the control treatment in feed consumption, weight gain, and food conversion factor until 35 days of age. Whereas, at the age of 42 days there were no significant effects between the experimental treatments in feed consumption, weight gain, and food conversion factor. On the other hand, the blood biochemical characteristics showed no differences between the experimental treatments in Glucose (mmol/L), Total protein (g/dl), Triglyceride (mmol/L), AST (IU/L), and ALT (IU/L). In contrast, treatment four showed a significant effect on the Cholesterol (mg/dl) compared to the control treatment, while there were no differences compared to the other treatments.