bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
hmSEEKER: Identification of hmSILAC Doublets in MaxQuant Output Data
Authors: Massignani Enrico , Cuomo Alessandro , Musiani Daniele , Jammula SriGanesh , Pavesi Giulio , Bonaldi Tiziana
Published: January 2019

Heavy methyl Stable Isotope Labeling with Amino acids in Cell culture (hmSILAC) is a metabolic labeling strategy employed in proteomics to increase the confidence of global identification of methylated peptides by MS. However, to this day, the automatic and robust identification of heavy and light peak doublets from MS‐raw data of hmSILAC experiments is a challenging task, for which the choice of computational methods is very limited. Here, hmSEEKER, a software designed to work downstream of a MaxQuant analysis for in‐depth search of MS peak pairs that correspond to light and heavy methyl‐peptide within MaxQuant‐generated tables is described with good sensitivity and specificity. The software is written in Perl, and its code and user manual are freely available at Bitbucket (https://bit.ly/2scCT9u).
Insensitive High Explosives: III. Nitroguanidine – Synthesis – Structure – Spectroscopy – Sensitiveness
Authors: Koch Ernst‐Christian
Published: January 2019

This paper reviews the production, synthesis, crystallography, particle morphology and spectroscopy of the insensitive high explosive nitroguanidine, (NGu, CH4N4O2), CAS‐No: [556‐88‐7] and its isotopologues [2D4]‐NGu and [15N4]‐NGu]. When compared with standard insensitive high explosives such as 1,3,5‐triamino‐2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene (TATB), 1,1‐diamino‐2,2‐dinitroethylene (FOX‐7) and N‐guanylurea dinitramide (FOX‐12), Nitroguanidine proves to be the least sensitive. The review gives 170 references to the public domain. For Part II see ref. [1].
Interrater reliability of the standardized Timed Up and Go Test when used in hospitalized and community‐dwelling older individuals
Authors: Kristensen Morten Tange , Bloch Mette Linding , Jønsson Line Rokkedal , Jakobsen Thomas Linding
Published: January 2019

Objective

The purpose of this study was to determine the interrater reliability and measurement error of the standardized Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test manual using the fastest of the three timed TUG trials in hospitalized and community‐dwelling older individuals.

Methods

Thirty participants (19 from a hospital and 11 from an outpatient geriatric centre: 20 women, 10 men), 65 years or older, all of whom had been referred to physiotherapy due to a functional decline, were included. All participants performed the TUG Test across two sessions (three trials in each) on the same day, separated by a minimum of 30 min. The two raters were blinded to each other's ratings until the end of the study, and the rater order was randomized.

Results

Participants from the outpatient centre had a higher prereferral functional level when evaluated with the New Mobility Score and performed the TUG Test significantly faster than the hospital group. Accordingly, reliability estimates are reported for each specific group. Interrater reliability was excellent for both groups (intraclass correlation coefficient2.1 ≥ 0.93), and no systematic between‐rater difference for obtained TUG times was found. The measurement error was acceptable both at the group (standard error of measurement [SEM] = 1.7 s and SEM% = 8 [hospital] vs. 0.7 s and 6 [outpatient]) and the individual (minimal detectable change [MDC95] = 4.6 s and MDC95% = 23 [hospital] vs. 1.8 s and 17 [outpatient]) level.

Conclusion

Findings suggest that using the fastest of the three TUG trials is highly reliable between raters and with acceptable measurement error. We, therefore, suggest that the standardized TUG manual with the fastest of the three timed trials be used for the assessment of functional mobility in hospitalized and community‐dwelling older individuals.
The influence of depth and velocity on age‐0 Scaphirhynchus sturgeon prey consumption: Implications for aquatic habitat restoration
Authors: Gemeinhardt Todd R. , Gosch Nathan J.C. , Civiello Anthony P. , Chrisman Nathan J. , Shaughnessy Heather H. , Brown Tracy L. , Long James M. , Bonneau Joseph L.
Published: January 2019

After the pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) was listed as endangered in 1990, a variety of management actions focusing on early life history needs have been implemented to aid species recovery. Given the scarcity of age‐0 pallid sturgeon, managers and scientists have relied on sympatric congeners to evaluate the effectiveness of management actions in the short term; however, increased understanding of habitat requirements for age‐0 Scaphirhynchus sturgeon is still needed to appropriately focus management efforts. Recently, a lack of food‐producing and foraging habitats were proposed as potential limiting factors for pallid sturgeon, and the purpose of this study was to evaluate the current definition of these habitats at multiple spatial scales using data from age‐0 Scaphirhynchus sturgeon (shovelnose sturgeon [Scaphirhynchus platyrhynchus] or hybrid [shovelnose sturgeon x pallid sturgeon]). Results showed the water depths and velocities that currently define age‐0 pallid sturgeon foraging habitat had little effect on age‐0 Scaphirhynchus sturgeon prey consumption. Similar results occurred when evaluating the relationship between prey consumption and food‐producing habitat present 10, 20, and 30 days before capture. Assuming that individuals captured during this study were a valid surrogate, these results suggest that increasing foraging and food‐producing habitat as defined by the current depth and velocity criteria is unlikely to result in the desired benefits of increased growth and survival of age‐0 pallid sturgeon.
FeCl3/PVP as Green Homogeneous Catalyst to Synthesize 5‐Amino‐1H‐Pyrazole‐4‐Carbonitriles from Malononitrile Derivatives
Authors: Elnagdy Hanan M. F. , Sarma Diganta
Published: January 2019

The homogenous catalytic system “FeCl3/PVP” and green solvent system “water/PEG‐400” has been presented as a green pathway to synthesize 4‐amino‐1‐aryl‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carbonitrile and its derivatives from a series of phenyl hydrazines and malononitriles. The new approach enhanced the reaction yield of the desired product up to 97% in 2–4 h time whereas the traditional thermal method gives only 87% maximum yield in relatively longer reaction time (3‐7 h). The catalytic system has remarkable benefits such as it is inexpensive, stable, easy to prepare and very efficient with a small loading of FeCl3 (5 mol%).
Understanding the Citric Acid–Urea Co–Directed Microwave Assisted Synthesis and Ferric Ion Modulation of Fluorescent Nitrogen Doped Carbon Dots: A Turn On Assay for Ascorbic Acid
Authors: Devi J. S. Anjali , Aparna R. S. , Aswathy B. , Nebu John , Aswathy A. O. , George Sony
Published: January 2019

Herein, nitrogen doped carbon dots (NCDs) were synthesised from citric acid and urea via a previously reported microwave assisted route. The NCDs shows emission maximum at 500 nm on excitation at 400 nm. The fluorescence of NCDs decreases slightly with increase in basicity of solution up to pH 7.5 and then increases again after pH 8.5, along with a blue‐shift in tested alkaline pH. This pH dependent blue‐shift indicates the presence of both carboxyl↔carboxylate and phenol↔phenolate prototropic equilibrium in NCDs. Due to the special interaction of these phenolates and carboxylates on NCDs surface with di‐ or tri‐ valent heavy transition metal ions; it is demonstrated that ferric ion (Fe3+ ion) can quench the fluorescence of NCDs. This Fe3+ induced static quenching of NCDs is a collaborative effect of inner filter effect, aggregation and ferromagnetism. However, Ascorbic acid (AA) can recover the fluorescence of Fe3+ quenched NCD with detection limit as low as 96 μM. This detection strategy has good selectivity towards AA over other antioxidants, saccharides, proteins and neurotransmitters. Furthermore, (spiked) human serum and (spiked) human urine were analysed and found good recovery percentage.
Controlling the Cyano‐Containing A2 Segments in A2‐A1‐D‐A1‐A2 Type Non‐Fullerene Acceptors to Combine with a Benzotriazole‐Based p‐Type Polymer: “Same‐Acceptor‐Strategy” for High VOC Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Xiao Bo , Geng Yanfang , Tang Ailing , Wang Xiaochen , Chen You , Zeng Qingdao , Zhou Erjun
Published: January 2019

To achieve efficient organic solar cells (OSCs), the design of promising non‐fullerene small molecular acceptors (SMAs) is crucially important and the relationship between the chemical structure and optoelectronic properties needs to be further investigated. Herein, an A2‐A1‐D‐A1‐A2 molecular skeleton is adopted to study the effect of end‐capped A2 groups containing different numbers of cyano units, where D and A1 are fixed as indacenodithiophene (IDT) and benzotriazole (BTA) units, respectively. Utilizing the “same‐acceptor‐strategy,” three BTA‐based SMAs, named as BTA701, BTA3, and BTA703, are paired with a BTA‐based p‐type polymer J71. The open‐circuit voltage (VOC) gradually decreases with the enhancement of electron‐accepting ability of terminal A2 units, from 1.32 V (BTA701) to 1.20 V (BTA3) and to 0.85 V (BTA703). The device J71:BTA3 eventually shows the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.60% with a VOC up to 1.2 V because of the complementary light absorption, high and balanced hole and electron mobility, suitable phase separation, and crystallinity. This study indicates that appropriate cyano‐containing units in BTA‐based SMAs can effectively modulate the absorption, energy levels, charge mobility and surface free energy, which can provide valuable insights to the further design of SMAs. In addition, these results prove that the “same‐acceptor‐strategy” is simple and effective to realize a VOC as high as 1.2V.
Temperature—Not Flow—Predicts Native Fish Reproduction with Implications for Climate Change
Authors: Fraser Gregory S. , Bestgen Kevin R. , Winkelman Dana L. , Thompson Kevin G.
Published: January 2019

Habitat alterations and introduction of nonnative fishes reduced the distributions of the Flannelmouth Sucker Catostomus latipinnis, Bluehead Sucker C. discobolus, and Roundtail Chub Gila robusta to less than 50% of their historical ranges. Climate change models generally predict decreased streamflows and increased water temperatures that may further affect these species. Understanding the effects of flow and water temperature on their life histories should lead to better assessments of climate change impacts on extant populations and more informed management for species conservation. Basinwide larval fish sampling and hatch dates derived from otolith daily increment counts showed that water temperature was the dominant environmental factor cueing reproduction in the upper White River basin, Colorado. Reproduction for all three species began in spring, occurring first at warmer, lower‐elevation, downstream locations and progressing upriver to higher elevations as water temperatures increased. Warmer water temperatures in tributaries initiated earlier reproductive activity compared to adjacent cooler main‐stem habitat. Presence of larvae in samples and estimated hatch dates demonstrated a distinct, predictable upstream progression of reproduction associated with warming water and clear upstream limits to reproduction for all three species. Larval presence and hatching dates revealed earlier reproductive activity in 2012 than in 2013, driven by lower flow and earlier stream warming. A regression model predicted stream temperature during fish spawning seasons under different climate change scenarios and showed expanded upstream limits of thermally suitable reproductive habitat and earlier reproduction for our study species. The long‐term implications of climate change are unknown, but managers should strive to perpetuate the valuable and relatively pristine native fish community in the upper White River drainage as a vestige of those that formerly existed throughout the Colorado River basin.
Quantitative Freedom
Authors: Dierksmeier Claus
Published: January 2019

This chapter investigates two paragons of quantitative approaches to the philosophy of freedom: Friedrich August von Hayek and John Rawls. While they are typically portrayed as occupying opposing spaces on a spectrum from conservative to progressive liberal thinking, they resemble each other much more than meets the eye. On closer inspection, one can see, though, how either thinker assiduously tries to avoid any and all metaphysical underpinnings of his theory and aims to make do with a merely quantitative conception of freedom. These endeavors, however, fail to accomplish their respective – and quite contrary – political goals. Both Hayek and Rawls can only realize their concrete liberal aspirations by tacitly taking recourse to qualitative arguments. The chapter concludes by suggesting that one better give up the pretense that a philosophy of liberty could stand on quantitative grounds alone. Rather, the covert qualitative dimensions of liberal philosophy should be rendered overt so as to facilitate a productive as well as critical engagement with its tenets.
Energy flow networks: deep sets for particle jets
Authors: Komiske Patrick T. , Metodiev Eric M. , Thaler Jesse
Published: January 2019

Abstract

A key question for machine learning approaches in particle physics is how to best represent and learn from collider events. As an event is intrinsically a variable-length unordered set of particles, we build upon recent machine learning efforts to learn directly from sets of features or “point clouds”. Adapting and specializing the “Deep Sets” framework to particle physics, we introduce Energy Flow Networks, which respect infrared and collinear safety by construction. We also develop Particle Flow Networks, which allow for general energy dependence and the inclusion of additional particle-level information such as charge and flavor. These networks feature a per-particle internal (latent) representation, and summing over all particles yields an overall event-level latent representation. We show how this latent space decomposition unifies existing event representations based on detector images and radiation moments. To demonstrate the power and simplicity of this set-based approach, we apply these networks to the collider task of discriminating quark jets from gluon jets, finding similar or improved performance compared to existing methods. We also show how the learned event representation can be directly visualized, providing insight into the inner workings of the model. These architectures lend themselves to efficiently processing and analyzing events for a wide variety of tasks at the Large Hadron Collider. Implementations and examples of our architectures are available online in ourEnergyFlowpackage.
Entanglement evolution in Lifshitz-type scalar theories
Authors: Mozaffar M. Reza Mohammadi , Mollabashi Ali
Published: January 2019

Abstract

We study propagation of entanglement after a mass quench in free scalar Lifshitz theories. We show that entanglement entropy goes across three distinct growth regimes before relaxing to a generalized Gibbs ensemble, namely, initial rapid growth, main linear growth and tortoise saturation. We show that although a wide spectrum of quasi-particles are responsible for entanglement propagation, as long as the occupation number of the zero mode is not divergent, the linear main growth regime is dominated by the fastest quasi-particle propagating on the edges of a widen light-cone. We present strong evidences in support of effective causality and therefore define an effective notion of saturation time in these theories. The larger the dynamical exponent is, the shorter the linear main growth regime becomes. Due to a pile of tortoise modes which become dominant after saturation of fast modes, exact saturation time is postponed to infinity.
The wavefunction reconstruction effects in calculation of DM-induced electronic transition in semiconductor targets
Authors: Liang Zheng-Liang , Zhang Lin , Zhang Ping , Zheng Fawei
Published: January 2019

Abstract

The physics of the electronic excitation in semiconductors induced by sub-GeV dark matter (DM) have been extensively discussed in literature, under the framework of the standard plane wave (PW) and pseudopotential calculation scheme. In this paper, we investigate the implication of the all-electron (AE) reconstruction on estimation of the DM-induced electronic transition event rates. As a benchmark study, we first calculate the wavefunctions in silicon and germanium bulk crystals based on both the AE and pseudo (PS) schemes within the projector augmented wave (PAW) framework, and then make comparisons between the calculated excitation event rates obtained from these two approaches. It turns out that in process where large momentum transfer is kinetically allowed, the two calculated event rates can differ by a factor of a few. Such discrepancies are found to stem from the high-momentum components neglected in the PS scheme. It is thus implied that the correction from the AE wavefunction in the core region is necessary for an accurate estimate of the DM-induced transition event rate in semiconductors.
Heterotic M-theory from the clockwork perspective
Authors: Im Sang Hui , Nilles Hans Peter , Olechowski Marek
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Compactifications of heterotic M-theory are shown to provide solutions to the weak- and axion-scale hierarchy problems as a consequence of warped large extra dimensions. They allow a description that is reminiscent of the so-called continuous clockwork mechanism. The models constructed here cover a new region of clockwork parameter space and exhibit unexplored spectra and couplings of Kaluza-Klein modes. Previously discussed models are outside this region of parameter space and do seem to require an ultraviolet completion other than that of perturbative higher dimensional D = 10, 11 string- or M-theory. A 5D-supergravity description can be given for all explicitly known continuous clockwork models. The various classes of models can be distinguished through the different roles played by vector multiplets and the universal hypermultiplet in 5D-supergravity.
Does Induction Therapy Increase Anastomotic Complications in Bronchial Sleeve Resections?
Authors: Comacchio Giovanni M. , Schiavon Marco , Azzolina Danila , Mammana Marco , Marulli Giuseppe , Zuin Andrea , Verderi Enrico , Monaci Nicola , Bonanno Laura , Pasello Giulia , Rea Federico
Published: January 2019

Background

Sleeve lobectomy represents a safe and effective treatment for central NSCLC to avoid the risks of pneumonectomy. Induction therapy (IT) may be indicated in advanced stages; however, the effect of IT on bronchial anastomoses remains uncertain. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of IT on the complications of the anastomoses.

Methods

Between 2000 and 2012, 159 consecutive patients were submitted to sleeve lobectomy for NSCLC at our Institution. We retrospectively compared the results of patients who underwent IT before operation with those who received upfront surgery.

Results

In the study period, 49 (30.8%) patients received IT (37 chemotherapy, 1 radiotherapy and 11 chemo‐radiotherapy) and 110 (69.2%) patients were directly submitted to surgery (S). The two groups were comparable for sex, age, comorbidities, ASA score, pulmonary function, side, type of procedure and histology. Pathological stage was statistically higher for IT group (p = 0.001). No differences between IT and S groups were observed in terms of post‐operative mortality (2% vs 0%, p = NS), morbidity (45% vs 38%, p = NS), including early (6% vs 9%, p = NS) and long‐term (16% vs 14%, p = NS) bronchial complication rates. Patients undergoing induction mediastinal radiotherapy, however, are at higher risk of bronchial complications.

Conclusion

In our experience, the use of induction chemotherapy did not significantly increase mortality and morbidity rates, in particular, neither for early nor for late anastomotic complications. We, therefore, conclude that sleeve lobectomy after induction chemotherapy is safe and reliable procedure for the treatment of locally advanced NSCLC.
Efficacy of Hepatic Segmental Visualization Using Indocyanine Green Photodynamic Eye Imaging
Authors: Nanashima Atsushi , Yano Koichi , Tobinaga Shuichi
Published: January 2019

Background

To clarify the usefulness of identification of hepatic segmentation stained with an indocyanine green–photodynamic eye (ICG–PDE) system, we sequentially investigated the matching of visualization during hepatectomy in 40 patients at two institutions between 2009 and 2017.

Methods

A low dose of ICG was administered into the portal flow to stain the estimated segments of the liver to be resected during hepatectomy, and segmentation images were observed using a PDE camera. Intraoperative ICG–PDE could be carried out for all patients without side effects.

Results

Complete segmental identification of the liver by blue dye stain and ICG–PDE was achieved in 30 (75%) and 35 (88%) patients, respectively, but the prevalence between them was not significantly different (p = 0.302). ICG–PDE segmentation in the estimated area was incomplete in three patients, and complete failure (no staining) was observed in two patients. The border between the posterior section and the caudate was identified in two patients.

Conclusion

This preliminary study showed ICG–PDE to be a useful tool for clearly determining liver segmentation to estimate the area for resection.
Optimal growth of harmonic functions frequently hypercyclic for the partial differentiation operator
Authors: Gilmore Clifford , Saksman Eero , Tylli Hans-Olav
Published: January 2019

We solve a problem posed by Blasco, Bonilla and Grosse-Erdmann in 2010 by constructing a harmonic function on ℝN, that is frequently hypercyclic with respect to the partial differentiation operator ∂/∂xk and which has a minimal growth rate in terms of the average L2-norm on spheres of radius r > 0 as r → ∞.
CRETANΝΟΜΟΙ: ARCHILOCHUS, FR. 232W WITHOUT HERACLIDES LEMBUS
Authors: Rotstein Andrea
Published: January 2019

Archil. fr. 232 West (= 50 Tarditi = 133 Bergk = 230 LB) reads as follows:νόμος δὲ Κρητικὸς διδάσκεταιa Cretan law is taught (transl. Dilts)That the term νόμος should be interpreted here in a legal sense has never been contested, and justly so, since its attested meanings are ‘usage, custom, legal norm, statute, law’. However, from the fifth centuryb.c.e.on, νόμοι are also related to music, referring to ‘melodies’ in general or, as a more technical term, to established ‘musical patterns’. The notion of distribution, of an order socially accepted as valid, seems to underlie the use of νόμος in both the legal and the musical fields.
Sustaining the beneficial effects of maize production in Nigeria: Does adoption of short season maize varieties matter?
Authors: Oyinbo Oyakhilomen , Mbavai Joseph James , Shitu Mohammad Bello , Kamara Alpha Yaya , Abdoulaye Tahirou , Ugbabe Omadachi Ogbodo
Published: January 2019

In order to ensure sustainability of maize production in short-season environments of Nigeria, the Sudan savanna taskforce of Kano–Katsina–Maradi (KKM) Pilot Learning Site promoted short-season maize varieties in 2008 via Innovation Platforms (IPs). In the light of the promoted varieties, we evaluated the adoption and net benefits (productivity and income) of the maize varieties. We used cross-sectional household data elicited from 600 sampled households, double-hurdle model and propensity score matching. There was a remarkable increase in the adoption of short-season maize varieties in 2014 compared to what was obtained in a baseline conducted in 2008. Our empirical findings revealed that the adoption of the short-season maize varieties promoted through the IPs had significant productivity and income increasing effects. This implies that policy interventions to ensure sustainable maize intensification in the face of environmental limitations, such as early and late season drought, should intensify the promotion of short-season varieties in Sudan savannas. This will require well-concerted agricultural extension that can leverage IPs in view of its potentials.
LOCAL NEGATIVITY OF SURFACES WITH NON-NEGATIVE KODAIRA DIMENSION AND TRANSVERSAL CONFIGURATIONS OF CURVES
Authors: LAFACE ROBERTO , POKORA PIOTR
Published: January 2019

We give a bound on the H-constants of configurations of smooth curves having transversal intersection points only on an algebraic surface of non-negative Kodaira dimension. We also study in detail configurations of lines on smooth complete intersections $X \subset \mathbb{P}_{\mathbb{C}}^{n + 2}$ of multi-degree d = (d1, …, dn), and we provide a sharp and uniform bound on their H-constants, which only depends on d.
Rhetoric, Reality, and Reputation: Do CSR and Political Lobbying Protect Shareholder Wealth against Environmental Lawsuits?
Authors: Liu Chelsea , Cheong Chee Seng , Zurbruegg Ralf
Published: January 2019

We investigate whether firms’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) reputations and environmental lobbying efforts protect shareholder wealth in the event of environmental lawsuits. Using a sample of lawsuits filed in United States Federal Courts, we find that firms with superior CSR reputations suffer worse market reactions to environmental allegations. In contrast, lobbying cushions filing-date valuation losses, providing insurance-like protection against lawsuits. Our results are robust to subsample analyses, a falsification test, propensity score matching, and alternative empirical proxies and model specifications.
Sustained impact of a sleep intervention and moderators of treatment outcome for children with ADHD: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sciberras E. , Mulraney M. , Mensah F. , Oberklaid F. , Efron D. , Hiscock H.
Published: January 2019

Background

We aim to (1) determine whether a behavioural sleep intervention for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) leads to sustained benefits; and (2) examine the factors associated with treatment response.

Methods

This study was a randomised controlled trial of 244 children (5–13 years) with ADHD from Victoria, Australia. All participants had a moderate/severe sleep problem that met American Academy of Sleep Medicine criteria for an eligible sleep disorder by parent report. The two-session intervention covered sleep hygiene and standardised behavioural strategies. The control group received usual care. Parent- and teacher-reported outcomes at 12 months included sleep, ADHD severity, quality of life, daily functioning, behaviour, and parent mental health. Adjusted mixed effects regression analyses examined 12 month outcomes. Interaction analyses were used to determine moderators of intervention outcomes over time. The trial was registered with ISRCTN, http://www.controlled-trials.com (ISRCTN68819261).

Results

Intervention children were less likely to have a moderate/severe sleep problem by parent report at 12 months compared to usual care children (28.4% v. 46.5%, p = 0.03). Children in the intervention group fared better than the usual care group in terms of parent-reported ADHD symptoms (Cohen's d: −0.3, p < 0.001), quality of life (d: 0.4, p < 0.001), daily functioning (d: −0.5, p < 0.001), and behaviour (d: −0.3, p = 0.005) 12 months later. The benefits of the intervention over time in terms of sleep were less for children not taking ADHD medication and children with parents experiencing depression.

Conclusions

A behavioural sleep intervention for ADHD is associated with small sustained improvements in child wellbeing. Children who are not taking ADHD medication or have parents with depression may require follow-up booster sleep sessions.
Changes in the Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean estimated from the CESM Last Millennium Ensemble
Authors: Wainer Ilana , Gent Peter R.
Published: January 2019

The changes in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current system associated with the Polar, sub-Antarctic and Subtropical Fronts in the Atlantic are examined in a ten-member ensemble using the Community Earth System Model. Results for the ensemble average mean show that the Polar Front at 25°W shifts to the south by 0.8° during 1970–2000 compared to its mean latitude over the period 1050–1950. This shift is significant because it is more than twice the standard deviation of the mean latitude time series during 1050–1950. The shift is caused by a slight southward displacement of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, which in turn is caused by a southward shift in the latitude of the maximum zonal wind stress. The sub-Antarctic Front also shows a small southward shift after 1970, with a maximum latitudinal displacement of 0.2°. However, this shift is not significant compared to the standard deviation of the time series during 1050–1950. The Subtropical Front does not change its latitude during 1970–2000 compared to 1050–2000 because there is very little change in the wind-stress curl in the subtropics. Differences in temperature and salinity throughout the water column at 25°W reveal that during 1970–2000 there is freshening of Antarctic Intermediate Water, whereas the Circumpolar Deep Water becomes saltier.
Association of antepartum vitamin D deficiency with postpartum depression: a clinical perspective
Authors: Szpunar Mercedes J
Published: January 2019

Objective

Postpartum depression affects up to 20 % of new mothers within the first 12 months of parturition. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) has known importance in bone health, but it may also play an important role in other functions, including reproduction and fertility, immune function and mental health. This clinical commentary reviews literature evaluating 25(OH)D deficiency during pregnancy and the incidence of postpartum depressive symptomatology.

Design

Narrative review, summary and recommendations.

Setting/Participants

A literature search revealed five relevant studies of antepartum women, three based in the USA, one in Turkey and one in Iran.

Results

Three of the five studies measured serum 25(OH)D concentrations during the first or second trimester and discovered an association with 25(OH)D deficiency and depressive symptoms postpartum. One study determined an almost significant (P=0·058) inverse relationship with first-trimester 25(OH)D concentration and depressive symptoms postpartum, and the last study, which was a secondary analysis, did not find an association.

Conclusions

The Endocrine Society recommends routine vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy and lactation due to increased metabolic demand in the mother, but a recent Cochrane review recommended against screening. Vitamin D should be the target of more studies during pregnancy and the postpartum period since it appears to have an important role for both medical and mental health. Vitamin D supplementation is a relatively safe and cost-effective intervention during pregnancy, and it may prove to be important in the prevention of postpartum depression.
Neogene Epeirogeny of Iberia
Authors: Conway‐Jones Benedict W. , Roberts Gareth G. , Fichtner Andreas , Hoggard Mark
Published: January 2019

The origin of Iberia's topography is examined by combining gravity, magmatic, topographic, and seismological observations with geomorphic considerations. We have four principal results. First, the highest coherence between free‐air gravity and topography is at wavelengths
250 km where admittance indicates that elastic thickness of Iberia's plate is 20 ± 3 km. These results imply that flexural and subplate support of Iberian topography could be expressed at wavelengths of O(100) km. Second, P‐to‐S receiver functions and simple isostatic calculations indicate that while crustal thickness variations and flexural loading (e.g., as a result of plate shortening) partially explain the elevation of Pyrenean, Betics, Cantabrian, Spanish Central System, and Iberian Chain topography, they fail to explain the elevation of large parts of Iberia. Third, a new full waveform shear wave tomographic model and velocity to temperature conversions suggest that the asthenosphere beneath Iberia is anomalously slow and has excess temperatures of up to 162 ± 14 °C. Simple isostatic calculations indicate asthenospheric support of topography of up to 1 km. Neogene‐Recent (∼23–0 Ma) extrusive magmatism (e.g., Calatrava, Catalan) sit atop many of the slow shear wave velocity anomalies. Finally, biostratigraphic data, combined with inversion of 3,217 river profiles, show that most of Iberia's topography grew during the last ∼30 Ma at rates of up to 0.3 mm/year. Best‐fitting theoretical rivers have a low residual root‐mean‐square misfit (=0.96) and calculated uplift is consistent with an independent inventory of stratigraphic and biostratigraphic observations. We suggest that Neogene‐Recent growth of most of central Iberia's topography was a result of asthenospheric support.
Modeling Two‐Phase Debris Flows With Grain‐Fluid Separation Over Rugged Topography: Application to the 2009 Hsiaolin Event, Taiwan
Authors: Tai Yih‐Chin , Heß Julian , Wang Yongqi
Published: January 2019

Landslides or debris flows usually arise in mountainous areas and slide over a rough topography. As the flow body is typically a mixture of particles and interstitial fluid, this paper aims at developing a binary mixture model and its numerical implementation for shallow debris flows on rugged topography. The mathematical formulation of this saturated solid‐fluid mixture is developed with respect to a terrain‐fitted coordinate system. Employing the thin layer assumption, a system of depth‐integrated equations is derived, where the interstitial fluid is supposed to be a viscous Newtonian fluid and the granular material is treated as a frictional Coulomb‐like continuum. At the basal surface, the Coulomb sliding condition for the granular constituent and Navier slip for the fluid phase are applied. The interaction between granular material and interstitial fluid is depicted by the buoyancy and a drag force induced by the velocity difference of both the phases. Numerical investigations are performed for studying the features of the proposed model, where a shock‐capturing nonoscillatory scheme is employed. A thorough parameter study of flows over three idealized terrain geometries illustrates the distinct impacts of the applied material parameters on the flow dynamics and deposit shapes. The phase separation such as the solid‐phase‐dominated flow front and how this changes with parameter values are presented. The simulation of the Hsiaolin landslide successfully retraces the approximate flow path recognized in satellite images as well as the measured deposition given in Kuo et al. (2011, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JF001921).
A Statistical Model for Isolated Convective Precipitation Events
Authors: Moseley Christopher , Henneberg Olga , Haerter Jan O.
Published: January 2019

We present a highly simplified model to describe the diurnal evolution of a convective cloud field in idealized large eddy simulations. The life cycles of individual precipitation events are detected by a storm tracking algorithm which records the autonomous appearance and decay, as well as the merging and fragmentation of convective precipitation cells. Conditioned on the area covered by each cell, the tracking method records the time evolution of the precipitation intensity, the anomalies of near‐surface temperature and moisture, convective available potential energy, and convective inhibition. For tracks that do not merge or split (termedsolitary), many of these quantities show generic, often nearly linear relations that hardly depend on the forcing conditions of the simulations, such as surface temperature. This finding allows us to propose a simple idealized model of precipitation events, where the surface precipitation area is circular and a cell's precipitation intensity falls off linearly with the distance from the respective cell center. The drop‐off gradient is nearly independent of track duration and cell size. Multiple track properties, that is, track duration, peak, and mean intensity, as well as the associated cell area can hence be specified by knowing only one remaining parameter. In contrast to the simple and robust behavior of solitary tracks, tracks that result from merging of two or more cells show a much more complicated behavior. The most intense, long lasting, and largest tracks stem from tracks involved in repeated merging.
Child sexual offenders show prenatal and epigenetic alterations of the androgen system
Authors: Kruger Tillmann H. C. , Sinke Christopher , Kneer Jonas , Tenbergen Gilian , Khan Abdul Qayyum , Burkert Alexandra , Müller-Engling Linda , Engler Harald , Gerwinn Hannah , von Wurmb-Schwark Nicole , Pohl Alexander , Weiß Simone , Amelung Till , Mohnke Sebastian , Massau Claudia , Kärgel Christian , Walter Martin , Schiltz Kolja , Beier Klaus M. , Ponseti Jorge , Schiffer Boris , Walter Henrik , Jahn Kirsten , Frieling Helge
Published: January 2019

Child sexual offending (CSO) places a serious burden on society and medicine and pedophilia (P) is considered a major risk factor for CSO. The androgen system is closely linked to sexual development and behavior. This study assessed markers of prenatal brain androgenization, genetic parameters of androgen receptor function, epigenetic regulation, and peripheral hormones in a 2 × 2 factorial design comprising the factors Offense (yes/no) and Pedophilia (yes/no) in analyzing blood samples from 194 subjects (57 P+CSO, 45 P−CSO, 20 CSO−P, and 72 controls) matched for age and intelligence. Subjects also received a comprehensive clinical screening. Independent of their sexual preference, child sexual offenders showed signs of elevated prenatal androgen exposure compared with non-offending pedophiles and controls. The methylation status of the androgen receptor gene was also higher in child sexual offenders, indicating lower functionality of the testosterone system, accompanied by lower peripheral testosterone levels. In addition, there was an interaction effect on methylation levels between offense status and androgen receptor functionality. Notably, markers of prenatal androgenization and the methylation status of the androgen receptor gene were correlated with the total number of sexual offenses committed. This study demonstrates alterations of the androgen system on a prenatal, epigenetic, and endocrine level. None of the major findings was specific for pedophilia, but they were for CSO. The findings support theories of testosterone-linked abnormalities in early brain development in delinquent behavior and suggest possible interactions of testosterone receptor gene methylation and plasma testosterone with environmental factors.
A validation of the diathesis-stress model for depression in Generation Scotland
Authors: Arnau-Soler Aleix , Adams Mark J. , Clarke Toni-Kim , MacIntyre Donald J. , Milburn Keith , Navrady Lauren ,   Generation Scotland,,   Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Hayward Caroline , McIntosh Andrew , Thomson Pippa A.
Published: January 2019

Depression has well-established influences from genetic and environmental risk factors. This has led to the diathesis-stress theory, which assumes a multiplicative gene-by-environment interaction (GxE) effect on risk. Recently, Colodro-Conde et al. empirically tested this theory, using the polygenic risk score for major depressive disorder (PRS, genes) and stressful life events (SLE, environment) effects on depressive symptoms, identifying significant GxE effects with an additive contribution to liability. We have tested the diathesis-stress theory on an independent sample of 4919 individuals. We identified nominally significant positive GxE effects in the full cohort (R2 = 0.08%, p = 0.049) and in women (R2 = 0.19%, p = 0.017), but not in men (R2 = 0.15%, p = 0.07). GxE effects were nominally significant, but only in women, when SLE were split into those in which the respondent plays an active or passive role (R2 = 0.15%, p = 0.038; R2 = 0.16%, p = 0.033, respectively). High PRS increased the risk of depression in participants reporting high numbers of SLE (p = 2.86 × 10−4). However, in those participants who reported no recent SLE, a higher PRS appeared to increase the risk of depressive symptoms in men (β = 0.082, p = 0.016) but had a protective effect in women (β = −0.061, p = 0.037). This difference was nominally significant (p = 0.017). Our study reinforces the evidence of additional risk in the aetiology of depression due to GxE effects. However, larger sample sizes are required to robustly validate these findings.
Post-traumatic stress disorder affects fucose-α(1–2)-glycans in the human brain: preliminary findings of neuro deregulation using in vivo two-dimensional neuro MR spectroscopy
Authors: Quadrelli Scott , Tosh Nathan , Urquhart Aaron , Trickey Katie , Tremewan Rosanna , Galloway Graham , Rich Lisa , Lea Rodney , Malycha Peter , Mountford Carolyn
Published: January 2019

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is triggered by experiencing terrifying event(s) for which there is currently no objective test for a definitive diagnosis. We report a pilot study where two-dimensional (2D) neuro magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), collected at 3 T in a clinical scanner with a 64-channel head coil, identifies neuro deregulation in the PTSD cohort. The control subjects (n = 10) were compared with PTSD participants with minimal co-morbidities (n = 10). The 2D MRS identified statistically significant increases in the total spectral region containing both free substrate fucose and fucosylated glycans of 31% (P = 0.0013), two of multiple fucosylated glycans (Fuc IV and VI) were elevated by 48% (P = 0.002), and 41% (P = 0.02), respectively, imidazole was increased by 12% (P = 0.002), and lipid saturation was increased by 12.5% (P = 0.009). This is the first evidence of fucosylated glycans, reported in animals to be involved in learning and memory, to be affected in humans with PTSD.
Time-dependent assessment of stimulus-evoked regional dopamine release
Authors: Lippert Rachel N. , Cremer Anna Lena , Edwin Thanarajah Sharmili , Korn Clio , Jahans-Price Thomas , Burgeno Lauren M. , Tittgemeyer Marc , Brüning Jens C. , Walton Mark E. , Backes Heiko
Published: January 2019

To date, the spatiotemporal release of specific neurotransmitters at physiological levels in the human brain cannot be detected. Here, we present a method that relates minute-by-minute fluctuations of the positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand [11C]raclopride directly to subsecond dopamine release events. We show theoretically that synaptic dopamine release induces low frequency temporal variations of extrasynaptic extracellular dopamine levels, at time scales of one minute, that can evoke detectable temporal variations in the [11C]raclopride signal. Hence, dopaminergic activity can be monitored via temporal fluctuations in the [11C]raclopride PET signal. We validate this theory using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry and [11C]raclopride PET in mice during chemogenetic activation of dopaminergic neurons. We then apply the method to data from human subjects given a palatable milkshake and discover immediate and—for the first time—delayed food-induced dopamine release. This method enables time-dependent regional monitoring of stimulus-evoked dopamine release at physiological levels.
Author Correction: Single human B cell-derived monoclonal anti-Candida antibodies enhance phagocytosis and protect against disseminated candidiasis
Authors: Rudkin F. M. , Raziunaite I. , Workman H. , Essono S. , Belmonte R. , MacCallum D. M. , Johnson E. M. , Silva L. , Palma A. S. , Feizi T. , Jensen A. , Erwig L. P. , Gow N. A. R.
Published: January 2019

The original version of this Article contained errors in the author affiliations. Please see the associated correction for the full list of errors. These errors have been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Parent-of-origin effects on quantitative phenotypes in a large Hutterite pedigree
Authors: Mozaffari Sahar V. , DeCara Jeanne M. , Shah Sanjiv J. , Sidore Carlo , Fiorillo Edoardo , Cucca Francesco , Lang Roberto M. , Nicolae Dan L. , Ober Carole
Published: January 2019

The impact of the parental origin of associated alleles in GWAS has been largely ignored. Yet sequence variants could affect traits differently depending on whether they are inherited from the mother or the father, as in imprinted regions, where identical inherited DNA sequences can have different effects based on the parental origin. To explore parent-of-origin effects (POEs), we studied 21 quantitative phenotypes in a large Hutterite pedigree to identify variants with single parent (maternal-only or paternal-only) effects, and then variants with opposite parental effects. Here we show that POEs, which can be opposite in direction, are relatively common in humans, have potentially important clinical effects, and will be missed in traditional GWAS. We identified POEs with 11 phenotypes, most of which are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Many of the loci identified are characteristic of imprinted regions and are associated with the expression of nearby genes.
Spectrophotometric and RGB performances of a new tetraphenylcyclopenta-derived Schiff base for the quantification of cyanide ions
Authors: Venkatesan Vetriarasu , Kumar S. K. Ashok , Sahoo Suban K.
Published: January 2019

In this communication, a new cyanide (CN−) ion selective chromogenic receptor (L) was developed by reacting 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine with 2,3,4,5-tetraphenylcyclopenta-2,4-dienone.
A new 3D organotypic model of ovarian cancer to help evaluate the antimetastatic activity of RAPTA-C conjugated micelles
Authors: Lu Mingxia , Henry Claire E. , Lai Haiwang , Khine Yee Yee , Ford Caroline E. , Stenzel Martina H.
Published: January 2019

A novel 3D co-culture model of ovarian cancer can be used to test the efficacy of nanomedicine.
A hybrid shell material with mixed ion/electron conductivity used for high-performance Li–S batteries
Authors: Li Huanhuan , Ge Zhaofei , Zheng Yanping , Xue Yan , Bai Guangyue , Wang Jianji , Zhuo Kelei , Wang Yujie
Published: January 2019

A hybrid shell material of hollow Nb2O5 microspheres wrapped with rGO (m-Nb2O5@rGO) has been engineered as an effective sulfur host for Li–S batteries. The selected Nb2O5 not only exhibits ultrafast Li+ motion properties due to its unique room-and-pillar NbO6/NbO7 framework structure, but also demonstrates moderate polar affinities to the lithium polysulfides.
Synthesis of free and ligated 1,2-thiaphosphetanes – expanding the pool of strained P-ligands
Authors: Kyri Andreas Wolfgang , Gleim Florian , Biskup David , Schnakenburg Gregor , Espinosa Ferao Arturo , Streubel Rainer
Published: January 2019

The 1,2-thiaphosphetane heterocycle could be synthesized for the first time in the coordination sphere of a metal complex (I) from which the free ligand (II) could be obtained, too.
Ordered and disordered solvates of C60 and CBrCl2H
Authors: Ye Jin , Barrio Maria , Céolin René , Qureshi Navid , Negrier Philippe , Rietveld Ivo B. , Tamarit Josep Lluís
Published: January 2019

The formation of co-crystals is often unexpected; however, the Buckminster fullerene, for which many solvates are known, is an excellent system to study this tendency.
Structural, optical and magnetic behavior of sol–gel derived Ni-doped dilute magnetic semiconductor TiO2 nanocrystals for advanced functional applications
Authors: Akshay V. R. , Arun B. , Mandal Guruprasad , Vasundhara M.
Published: January 2019

Defect engineering of Ni-doped TiO2 could tailor the magnetic properties through BMP interactions, which is advantageous for spintronics applications.
Manganese(iii) acetate-mediated activation of C–H bonds of weak CH-acids; addition ofo-carborane, its derivatives, and some other CH-acids to [60]-fullerene
Authors: Tumanskii Boris L. , Sabirov Denis S. , Solodovnikov Stanislav P. , Lyakhovetsky Yury I.
Published: January 2019

CH-acids includingo-carboranes add to C60by a carbon atomviaoxidative-ion-transfer reactions mediated by Mn(OAc)3.
Textile-based washable polymer solar cells for optoelectronic modules: toward self-powered smart clothing
Authors: Jeong Eun Gyo , Jeon Yongmin , Cho Seok Ho , Choi Kyung Cheol
Published: January 2019

Innovative textile-based washable polymer solar cells are realized by suppressing the hydrolysis of the encapsulation barrier with a SiO2–polymer composite.