bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resource Curse or Rentier Peace? The Ambiguous Effects of Oil Wealth and Oil Dependence on Violent Conflict
Authors: Basedau Matthias , Lay Jann
Published: September 2009

The ‘resource curse’ hypothesis claims that abundance in natural resources, particularly oil, encourages especially civil war. Natural resources provide both motive and opportunity for conflict and create indirect institutional and economic causes of instability. Contrarily, the theory of the rentier state — largely neglected in the study of peace and war in this respect — suggests that regimes use revenue from abundant resources to buy off peace through patronage, large-scale distributive policies and effective repression. Consequently, such rentier states would tend to be more stable politically and less prone to conflict. These two theories thus imply ambivalent effects of resource abundance on conflict proneness. This article presents part of a solution to this apparent puzzle for the case of oil-producing countries. The key argument is that both resource wealth per capita and resource dependence need to be taken into account, since only the availability of very high per capita revenues from oil allows governments to achieve internal stability. The empirical analysis supports this hypothesis. The findings of multivariate cross-country regressions indicate a U-shaped relationship between oil dependence and civil war onset, while high resource wealth per capita tends to be associated with less violence. The results of a macro-qualitative comparison for a reduced sample of highly dependent oil exporters are even more clearcut. Using the same reduced sample, we find that oil-wealthy countries apparently manage to maintain political stability by a combination of large-scale distribution, high spending on the security apparatus and protection by outsiders. Compared to oil-poor countries and in contradiction to the rentier state theory, the institutions of oil-wealthy countries do not seem to be particularly characterized by patronage and clientelism.
Explaining the onset of mass killing, 1949—87
Authors: Wayman Frank W. , Tago Atsushi
Published: September 2009

This article aims to demonstrate that differences in the two major datasets can significantly affect the results of predictions of mass political killing. Mass political killing (such as Hitler’s killing of some six million Jews, or the Rwanda genocide of 1994) has been studied for decades with the aid of valuable datasets measuring ‘democide’ and ‘genocide and politicide’, respectively. Without attempting to take sides as to whether one or the other is a more valid measure of the phenomenon of mass political killing, the authors aim in this investigation to see what independent variables best account for the onset of mass political killing, with the state-year as the unit of analysis. The predictor variables are level of economic development; types of war and violent unrest short of war; and regime type. By using a Cox proportional hazard model, the authors find that important regime effects either appear or disappear depending on the dataset used, with regime generally having a significant effect on onset of democide, but not having a significant effect on onset of geno-politicide. It is important for the scholarly community to be aware of these dataset effects, which may be the source of some of the most important existing controversies in the literature on explaining mass political killing.
The WomanStats Project Database: Advancing an Empirical Research Agenda
Authors: Caprioli Mary , Hudson Valerie M. , Mcdermott Rose , Ballif-Spanvill Bonnie , Emmett Chad F. , Stearmer S. Matthew
Published: September 2009

This article describes the WomanStats Project Database — a multidisciplinary creation of a central repository for cross-national data and information on women available for use by academics, policy-makers, journalists, and all others. WomanStats is freely accessible online, thus facilitating worldwide scholarship on issues with gendered aspects. WomanStats contains over 260 variables for 174 countries and their attendant subnational divisions (where such information is available) and currently contains over 68,000 individual data points. WomanStats provides nuanced data on the situation and status of women internationally and in so doing facilitates the current trend to disaggregate analyses. This article introduces the dataset, which is now publicly available, describes its creation, discusses its utility, and uses measures of association and mapping to draw attention to theoretically interesting patterns concerning the various dimensions of women’s inequality that are worthy of further exploration. Two of nine variables clusters are introduced — women’s physical security and son preference/sex ratio. The authors confirm the multidimensionality of women’s status and show that the impact of democracy and state wealth vary based on the type of violence against women. Overall, the authors find a high level of violence against women worldwide.
Quantitative Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Pravastatin Using an Enterohepatic Circulation Model Combined With Pharmacogenomic Information onSLCO1B1andABCC2Polymorphisms
Authors: Ide Takafumi , Sasaki Tomohiro , Maeda Kazuya , Higuchi Shun , Sugiyama Yuichi , Ieiri Ichiro
Published: September 2009

The aims of this study were to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model for pravastatin pharmacokinetics with regard to enterohepatic circulation (EHC) and to evaluate effects of polymorphisms inSLCO1B1andABCC2on the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of pravastatin quantitatively. A total of 636 blood samples from 57 healthy male volunteers were used. The PPK analysis was carried out using nonlinear mixed effect modeling (NONMEM) and validated by a bootstrap analysis. The PK profile of pravastatin was best described by a model of EHC with Erlang's distribution. A covariate analysis revealed thatSLCO1B1*15significantly influenced relative bioavailability (Frel); Frelwas increased 1.50‐ and 1.95‐fold in participants heterozygous and homozygous, respectively, for the *15 allele in comparison with participants without the allele. NoABCC2polymorphism was identified as a potential covariate for pravastatin. The bootstrap analysis indicated that the PK profile of pravastatin was adequately described by the proposed PPK model. SLCO1B1*15has a significant effect on Frel, indicating that OATP1B1 is one of the determinants of systemic exposure to pravastatin.
Microdose Pharmacokinetics of IDX899 and IDX989, Candidate HIV‐1 Non‐Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Following Oral and Intravenous Administration in Healthy Male Subjects
Authors: Zhou Xiao‐Jian , Garner R. Colin , Nicholson Sheila , Kissling C. James , Mayers Douglas
Published: September 2009

IDX899 and IDX989 are new non‐nucleoside reverse‐transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) that exhibit potent inhibition of HIV‐1 replication, including NNRTI‐resistant mutants. This microdose study investigates the pharmacokinetics and determined oral bioavailability. For each compound, 4 healthy male subjects are randomized to receive via a crossover design a single 100‐μg oral and intravenous dose together with 100 nCi of [14C]‐labeled drug. Plasma and urine samples are obtained over a period of 168 hours postdose and analyzed for total, unchanged drug and major metabolites using an accelerator mass spectrometry method. Based on total radioactivity, oral absorption is near complete. For the parent drug, mean absolute bioavailability is 61% and 65% for IDX899 and IDX989, respectively. Both compounds are extensively metabolized especially after oral dosing. Observed terminal phase half‐lives after oral and intravenous doses range from 4 to 10 hours and are comparable for the 2 compounds. Urine excretion of radioactivity for both compounds is less than 10%. These data show for the first time that IDX899 and IDX989 possess favorable pharmacokinetic properties in humans, including high mean absolute bioavailability and long half‐life. IDX899 has been selected based on these initial pharmacokinetic assessments and other criteria as the candidate for further clinical development.
The Impact of Destructive Leadership on Senior Military Officers and Civilian Employees
Authors: Reed George E. , Bullis R. Craig
Published: September 2009

This article examines negative or destructive leadership behaviors experienced by high-potential senior military officers and civilian employees. The study used a questionnaire based on the Petty Tyranny in Organizations Scale to explore the scope and nature of destructive leadership as reported by U.S. members of the class of 2008 at a military senior service college. It also explored the relationship between leadership experiences and various measures of satisfaction and inclination to remain in service. The authors observe that despite the central role that the concept of leadership holds in the military, even senior personnel reported experiencing toxic leadership. There was a significant negative relationship between destructive leadership and all measures of satisfaction. Surprisingly, there was not a significant negative impact on inclination to remain in service among this career-oriented and dedicated population.
PI control of first-order lag plus time-delay plants: root locus design for optimal stability
Authors: Cogan Brian , de Paor Annraoi M. , Quinn Anthony
Published: September 2009

We present a procedure for the design of a PI controller for a general first-order lag plus time-delay plant. We derive two equations that allow a designer to calculate the PI controller parameters using only the plant parameters. The central idea of this design procedure is to use the root locus method to select controller parameters that put the system’s rightmost eigenvalue as far to the left as possible in the (σ, ω) plane. When the system is operating at this point, it is said to be operating at a point of optimum stability in the root locus sense.
Dance and Peer Support to Improve Diabetes Outcomes in African American Women
Authors: Murrock Carolyn J. , Higgins Patricia A. , Killion Cheryl
Published: September 2009

Purpose

The purpose of this pilot study was to test a dance intervention and explore the role of peer support to improve the diabetes outcomes of A1C, weight, body fat, and blood pressure in African American women with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

This study was conducted in a community-based outpatient clinic. A mixed methods design was used. A total of 46 women, 26 to 83 years of age, were randomized to either the 12-week dance group or usual care group. Both between group and intraindividual group differences were analyzed from baseline to 12 weeks. Focus group interviews explored the role of peer support through semistructured discussions for the women enrolled in the dance group.

Results

Results showed significant group mean differences in systolic blood pressure (BP) and body fat. Paired t tests showed significant reductions in all the diabetes outcomes for the dance group and significant increases in glycolated hemoglobin (A1C) and systolic BP for the usual care group. The emergent themes of the focus groups were that a diabetes diagnosis was devastating, and changing eating habits and taking medications was often difficult. Peer support in the dance group was expressed as camaraderie, enjoyment, and laughter, which fostered attendance.

Conclusions

Dancing 2 times per week for 12 weeks produced significant group differences in systolic BP and body fat and significant intraindividual changes. The implications are that dancing in a supportive environment with peers may be an effective strategy for diabetes educators to help those with diabetes to become more physically active and improve diabetes outcomes and overall health.
An Affective Events Model of Charismatic Leadership Behavior: A Review, Theoretical Integration, and Research Agenda
Authors: Walter Frank , Bruch Heike
Published: September 2009

Although research has long focused on the consequences of leaders’ charismatic behavior, the antecedents of such leadership are increasingly gaining scholarly attention. Nevertheless, the antecedent-oriented literature on charismatic leadership has been fragmented to date and lacks theoretical integration. Also, important gaps remain within this developing line of inquiry. Therefore, this article systematically reviews extant research on charismatic leadership behavior emergence and advances a more comprehensive perspective by integrating previous work into an overall conceptual framework. Building on these considerations, the authors outline potentially fruitful directions for future research.
Resource Dependence Theory: A Review
Authors: Hillman Amy J. , Withers Michael C. , Collins Brian J.
Published: September 2009

Thirty years have passed since Pfeffer and Salancik’s seminal work on resource dependence theory (RDT). During this time RDT has been applied broadly across the research domain to explain how organizations reduce environmental interdependence and uncertainty. In this review, the authors assess the conceptual development, empirical research, and application of RDT. They structure their review around the five options that Pfeffer and Salancik propose firms can enact to minimize environmental dependences: (a) mergers/vertical integration, (b) joint ventures and other interorganizational relationships, (c) boards of directors, (d) political action, and (e) executive succession.The authors summarize past work, synthesize contemporary thought, and propose future research directions.
Why Turnover Matters in Self-Managing Work Teams: Learning, Social Integration, and Task Flexibility
Authors: van der Vegt Gerben S. , Bunderson Stuart , Kuipers Ben
Published: September 2009

This study considers how turnover in self-managing work teams influences the team interaction processes that promote effective task accomplishment. Drawing from research on self-managing work teams and group process, the authors propose that team turnover affects performance in self-managing teams by affecting social integration, team learning behavior, and task flexibility. Hypotheses were tested in a sample of 47 self-managing work teams using longitudinal panel data and an objective measure of team performance. Results suggest that team turnover indeed decreases social integration, team learning behavior, and task flexibility in self-managing teams but that only task flexibility and team learning behavior mediate the negative relationship between team turnover and team effectiveness.
Strategy in Network Industries: A Review and Research Agenda
Authors: McIntyre David P. , Subramaniam Mohan
Published: September 2009

This article reviews extant theoretical perspectives and empirical literature at the nexus of network effects and strategy. Building on these insights, it offers a research framework that focuses on three primary avenues: the strategic drivers of network intensity, approaches to assess variations in network intensity, and effective strategies for leveraging network intensity. In doing so, the study widens the perspective of the role of strategy in network industries and offers directions for future research.
The Intertextual Terminator: The Role of Film in Branding “Arnold Schwarzenegger”
Authors: Boyle Ellexis
Published: September 2009

Film has clearly been Arnold Schwarzenegger’s most powerful promotional tool. Given how he wielded his action hero personas during the 2003 recall election from which he emerged Governor of California, an examination of his construction in film is both warranted and necessary. In this paper, I trace the development of his celebrity through a selection of his films between 1970 and 2003 and show that his image went through three major transitions from: a) initially being depicted as a foreigner and alien “other” in the 1970s to b) an American and icon of muscular masculinity in Hollywood action films of the mid to later 1980s and c) to a “New Age Guy” and family man through his movement into comedy and family themed films in the 1990s and 200s. My analysis highlights the powerful role that discourses about masculinity, whiteness and American nationhood played in supporting Schwarzenegger's constructions as a “body of governance” and in particular, his construction as a leader.
Development and initial validation of the Northwick Park Therapy Dependency Assessment
Authors: Turner-Stokes Lynne , Shaw Asa , Law Janet , Rose Hilary
Published: September 2009

Objectives: To describe the development and initial validation of the Northwick Park Therapy Dependency Assessment (NPTDA) as a measure of therapy interventions in neurorehabilitation.

Design: An iterative development process, followed by comparison with systemic prospective activity analysis, and parallel application of prospective and retrospective scores

Setting: A tertiary specialist inpatient neurorehabilitation service

Participants: A total of 37 patients (M:F 21:16, mean age 41.8 (SD 14.7) years) with complex neurological disability in two consecutive cross-sectional cohorts.

Methods: The NPTDA was developed and refined over 18 months, together with an algorithm that converts ordinal scores to estimated therapy hours/week. NPTDA-estimated hours were compared with ‘actual’ therapy hours/week, identified from activity analysis. In a subsequent cohort analysis, prospectively rated NPTDA scores (reflecting intended levels of intervention) were compared with retrospective NPTDA scores (actual interventions).

Results: NPTDA-estimated therapy hours/week were strongly correlated with those identified from activity analysis, for total scores (Spearman rho 0.77, P<0.0001), and also for all five subdomains for direct (hands-on) intervention (rho 0.70—0.93, P<0.0001). The initial test algorithm overestimated therapy hours (Wilcoxon z =3.9, P<0.001). After adjustment, reanalysis using a revised algorithm showed this bias to be removed (Wilcoxon z =1.4 P =0.15). Prospective and retrospectively applied total NPTDA scores were strongly correlated (rho 0.61, P<0.0001). Although intended levels of intervention were higher than those actually delivered (Wilcoxon z =3.30, P<0.001), the differences corresponded to real deviations from intended practice.

Conclusion: In this initial evaluation, after revision of the algorithm, the NPTDA provided acceptable estimate of therapy interventions. Further evaluation is now required in other populations and settings.
A Case Study of Teaching Marketing Research Using Client-Sponsored Projects
Authors: Bove Liliana L. , Davies W. Martin
Published: September 2009

This case study outlines the use of client-sponsored research projects in a quantitative postgraduate marketing research subject conducted in a 12-week semester in a research-intensive Australian university. The case study attempts to address the dearth of recent literature on client-sponsored research projects in the discipline of marketing. Evaluation results provided from students in a 3-year period indicate support for the use of client-sponsored projects because they provide a number of benefits. In particular, students feel that such projects give invaluable opportunities to develop consulting and research skills that are highly sought after by industry. However, despite the advantages of the client-sponsored research projects, the quantitative nature of the marketing research subject is still an impediment to attaining high student quality teaching scores. Furthermore, there can be problems if students lack basic statistical knowledge, do not practice SPSS outside of class, and segment project tasks within the team. Finally, although client-sponsored marketing research projects can improve the profile of marketing research courses, they demand high levels of energy by the lecturer, a small class size (up to 35 students), and are dependent on a strong degree of client commitment.
More than words: Chris Searle’s approach to critical literacy as cultural action
Authors: Lankshear Colin , Knobel Michele
Published: September 2009

This article discusses what seem to us to be some of the key features of Chris Searle’s approach to language and literacy education within school classroom settings in England, as portrayed in his own writings and reflected in work done by his students and published in numerous compilations from Stepney Words (1971) to School of the World (1994). We understand his work as a sustained engagement in critical literacy, underpinned by an unswerving belief that being a literacy educator serving working-class communities is inherently a political, ethical and situated — material and grounded — undertaking. Throughout his school teaching life, Chris Searle took it as axiomatic that working-class children should learn to read, write, spell, punctuate and develop the word as a tool to be used in struggles — their own and those of people like them, wherever they may live — for improvement and liberation. Literacy education for working-class children must proceed from, maintain continuity with and always be accountable to the material life trajectories and prospects of these children. It can only do this by maintaining direct contact with their material lives and their situated being within their material worlds.
The Implicit Theories of Rape-Prone Men: An Information-Processing Investigation
Authors: Blake Emily , Gannon Theresa A.
Published: September 2009

It has been hypothesised that sexual offenders hold offence-supportive implicit theories (ITs) or schemata. This study aims to determine whether rape-prone men hold the same offence-supportive ITs as those that have been identified in rapists. This study adopts both an explicit and an implicit measure of ITs (a lexical decision task). In the lexical decision task, participants are primed with an incomplete sentence before being presented with a target word. The target word completes the sentence in either a rape-supportive or a non—rape-supportive manner. The authors predict that men higher on proclivity to rape—who presumably hold strong mental representations of rape-supportive themes—would be faster to respond to word completions that are rape supportive relative to men lower on rape proclivity. Using multiple regressions to determine the relative contributions of both explicit and implicit measures for predicting rape proclivity, the authors find that only the explicit self-report questionnaire was significantly related to a person’s rape proclivity score.
Revision Open Bankart Surgery After Arthroscopic Repair for Traumatic Anterior Shoulder Instability
Authors: Cho Nam Su , Yi Jin Woong , Lee Bong Gun , Rhee Yong Girl
Published: September 2009

Background

Only a few studies have provided homogeneous analysis of open revision surgery after a failed arthroscopic Bankart procedure.

Hypothesis

Open Bankart revision surgery will be effective in a failed arthroscopic anterior stabilization but inevitably results in a loss of range of motion, especially external rotation.

Study Design

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods

Twenty-six shoulders that went through traditional open Bankart repair as revision surgery after a failed arthroscopic Bankart procedure for traumatic anterior shoulder instability were enrolled for this study. The mean patient age at the time of revision surgery was 24 years (range, 16–38 years), and the mean duration of follow-up was 42 months (range, 25–97 months).

Results

The preoperative mean range of motion was 173° in forward flexion and 65° in external rotation at the side. After revision surgery, the ranges measured 164° and 55°, respectively ( P = .024 and .012, respectively). At the last follow-up, the mean Rowe score was 81 points, with 88.5% of the patients reporting good or excellent results. After revision surgery, redislocation developed in 3 shoulders (11.5%), all of which had an engaging Hill-Sachs lesion and associated hyperlaxity (2+ or greater laxity on the sulcus sign).

Conclusion

Open revision Bankart surgery for a failed arthroscopic Bankart repair can provide a satisfactory outcome, including a low recurrence rate and reliable functional return. In open revision Bankart surgery after failed stabilization for traumatic anterior shoulder instability, the surgeon should keep in mind the possibility of a postoperative loss of range of motion and a thorough examination for not only a Bankart lesion but also other associated lesions, including a bone defect or hyperlaxity, to lower the risk of redislocation.
Low-Energy Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy as a Treatment for Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome
Authors: Rompe Jan D. , Cacchio Angelo , Furia John P. , Maffulli Nicola
Published: September 2009

Background

Medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) is a pain syndrome along the tibial origin of the tibialis posterior or soleus muscle. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (SWT) is effective in numerous types of insertional pain syndromes.

Hypothesis

Shock wave therapy is an effective treatment for chronic MTSS.

Study Design

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods

Forty-seven consecutive subjects with chronic recalcitrant MTSS underwent a standardized home training program, and received repetitive low-energy radial SWT (2000 shocks; 2.5 bars of pressure, which is equal to 0.1 mJ/mm2; total energy flux density, 200 mJ/mm2; no local anesthesia) (treatment group). Forty-seven subjects with chronic recalcitrant MTSS were not treated with SWT, but underwent a standardized home training program only (control group). Evaluation was by change in numeric rating scale. Degree of recovery was measured on a 6-point Likert scale (subjects with a rating of completely recovered or much improved were rated as treatment success).

Results

One month, 4 months, and 15 months from baseline, success rates for the control and treatment groups according to the Likert scale were 13% and 30% (P < .001), 30% and 64% (P < .001), and 37% and 76% (P < .001), respectively. One month, 4 months, and 15 months from baseline, the mean numeric rating scale for the control and treatment groups were 7.3 and 5.8 (P < .001), 6.9 and 3.8 (P < .001), and 5.3 and 2.7 (P < .001), respectively. At 15 months from baseline, 40 of the 47 subjects in the treatment group had been able to return to their preferred sport at their preinjury level, as had 22 of the 47 control subjects.

Conclusion

Radial SWT as applied was an effective treatment for MTSS.
Barbarity as the Reverse Side of Civilization
Authors: Motroshilova Nelli
Published: September 2009

This article analyzes philosophical discussions on the problem of barbarity as the reverse side of civilization in general, and of the modern civilization in particular (as exemplified by the works of K. Offe, L. Klausen, K.-Z. Reberg, M. Miller, H.-G. Soeffner, S.N. Eisenstadt and Z. Bauman. Joining in these discussions, the author makes a critical appraisal of these works and presents (in brief) her own conception of civilization which she has been elaborating for the last 25 years. Particular attention is drawn to the studies of barbarity implanted in the development of the modern civilization and revealed in the various forms of present-day barbarism (ecological, political, militaristic violence, utter dereliction in daily life, etc.), especially evident in ‘outbursts’ of violence, suppressing and violating legal rules and moral principles (fascism, totalitarianism, international aggression).
Psychometric Properties of the Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale Within the Greek Educational Context
Authors: Tsigilis Nikolaos , Koustelios Athanasios , Grammatikopoulos Vasilios
Published: September 2009

Many concerns have been raised about the validity of the existing instruments measuring teachers’ efficacy. Recently, a new instrument to measure teachers’ perceived efficacy has been presented, namely, the Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES). The purpose of the present study is to examine the psychometric properties of the TSES in the Greek educational context. A total of 405 Greek secondary school teachers voluntarily participated in the study. A within-construct and between-construct approach was used to examine the validity and reliability of the Greek version of the TSES (factorial validity, internal consistency, temporal stability, and correlation with external criteria). Results are encouraging and seem to support the suitability of the TSES to assess teachers’ efficacy within the Greek educational context.
Relationships between Residential Development and the Environment
Authors: Aslıgül Göçmen Z.
Published: September 2009

This research explores how residents perceive the relationships between residential development patterns and the natural environment. Based on a fall 2004 survey of 283 residents from urban, suburban, exurban, and conservation neighborhoods in Michigan’s Washtenaw and Livingston Counties, this research indicates that residents may not have a clear understanding of the environmental impacts of residential development. The results suggest a need for environmental education especially with regard to the land development and water quality relationship and the impacts of large-lot, automobile-dependent developments. The study also suggests that further research is needed on the relationship between land development and the environment.
Protective Effects of Ethnic Identity on Mexican American College Students’ Psychological Well-Being
Authors: Iturbide Maria I. , Raffaelli Marcela , Carlo Gustavo
Published: September 2009

The current study investigated whether different ethnic identity components moderate the associations between acculturative stress and psychological adjustment among Mexican American college students ( N = 148; 67% female) who completed self-report surveys. For women, ethnic affirmation/ belonging and ethnic identity achievement moderated the relation between acculturative stress and depression at low but not high levels of acculturative stress. Among men with low levels of other group orientation, levels of self-esteem were similar regardless of levels of acculturative stress. Discussion focuses on the role of ethnic identity in Latino students’ psychological adjustment and of protective factors that buffer students from acculturative stress. Future research should identify other protective factors that serve as buffers for students experiencing high levels of acculturative stress.
The Role of Quality of Life in the Rural Resettlement of Mexican Immigrants
Authors: Garcia Carlos
Published: September 2009

The past 10 years have seen the continued growth of the Mexican-origin population in the United States. This growth has been accompanied by the movement of immigrants away from traditional settlement locations in the Southwest. Using data collected from 45 interviews with immigrant workers in Northeastern Oklahoma, this study explores factors that motivate the movement of Mexican immigrants to nontraditional locations. The study finds that along with economic and political variables, a search for a higher quality of life than is available in urban locations also plays a key role in relocation decisions. The availability of employment opportunities, housing, and low crime rates make rural America an attractive alternative to urban settlement.
Friendship, Educational Engagement, and School Belonging: Comparing Hispanic and White Adolescents
Authors: Vaquera Elizabeth
Published: September 2009

The current study explores the relationship between friendship formation, school engagement, and belonging among White and Hispanic students. It employed the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, a nationally representative sample of adolescents in high school. The sample consisted of 6,366 Mexican, 1,132 Cuban, 1,330 Puerto Rican, 4,446 Central/South Hispanic origin youth, and 46,592 non-Hispanic Whites. Hispanic students are less likely to report having friends and to having their best friend at school. Both Hispanic and White students who have a best friend report fewer engagement problems and a higher school belonging. However, only students whose best friend attends their same school report higher levels of school belonging. Findings suggest that ethnic origin is an important stratifier among Hispanics for the studied school outcomes. Signs for optimism are discussed as some Hispanic ethnic groups report higher levels of school belonging compared with their White counterparts.
Latino Definitions of Success: A Cultural Model of Intercultural Competence
Authors: Torres Lucas
Published: September 2009

The present study sought to examine Latino intercultural competence via two separate methodologies. Phase 1 entailed discovering and generating themes regarding the features of intercultural competence based on semistructured interviews of 15 Latino adults. Phase 2 included conducting a cultural consensus analysis from the quantitative responses of 46 Latino adults to determine the cultural model of intercultural competence. The major results indicated that the participants, despite variations in socioeconomic and generational statuses, shared a common knowledge base regarding the competencies needed for Latinos to successfully navigate different cultures. Overall, the cultural model of Latino intercultural competence includes a set of skills that integrates traditional cultural values along with attributes of self-efficacy. The findings are discussed within a competence-based conceptualization of cultural adaptation and potential advancements in acculturation research.
Rape Myth Acceptance Among Korean College Students: The Roles of Gender, Attitudes Toward Women, and Sexual Double Standard
Authors: Lee Joohee , Kim Jinseok , Lim Hyunsung
Published: September 2009

The purpose of the current study was to examine factors that influence rape myths among Korean college students. This study was particularly interested in the ways in which attitudes toward women and sexual double standard affect the relationship between gender and rape myths. Although the incidence of rape is a common concern in many current societies, within each society, the specific components of rape myths reflect the cultural values and norms of that particular society. A sample of 327 college students in South Korea completed the Korean Rape Myth Acceptance Scale—Revised, the Attitudes Toward Women Scale, and the Sexual Double Standard Scale. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test hypothesized models. Results revealed that in three of the four models, rape survivor myths, rape perpetrator myths, and myths about the impact of rape, attitudes toward women were a more important predictor of rape myths than gender or sexual double standard. In the rape spontaneity myths model, on the other hand, sexual double standard was a more important predictor than gender or attitudes toward women. This study provides valuable information that can be useful in developing culturally specific rape prevention and victim intervention programs.
InterviewStreamliner, a Minimalist, Free, Open Source, Relational Approach to Computer-Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software
Authors: Pruijt Hans
Published: September 2009

InterviewStreamliner is a free, open source, minimalist alternative to complex computer-assisted qualitative data analysis packages. It builds on the flexibility of relational database management technology.
New Technology in Developing Countries: A Critique of the One-Laptop-Per-Child Program
Authors: James Jeffrey
Published: September 2009

The one-laptop-per-child (OLPC) project offers no rationale for its view that there should be no sharing in schools. It is certainly not because this view requires no defense. On the contrary, the author shows that the program causes so much to be invested in computers that other educational inputs are entirely neglected and in some cases this is also true of sectors other than education. The OLPC requires poor countries to use fewer students per computer than is recommended even in the developed countries. The author argues, by contrast, in favor of what is defined as a balanced pattern of sharing that reflects the level of per capita income in poor relative to rich countries. The higher is per capita income the less is the need to rely on sharing arrangements and conversely.
Deep-Level Similarity and Group Social Capital: Associations With Team Functioning
Authors: van Emmerik IJ Hetty , Brenninkmeijer Veerle
Published: September 2009

This study examines the associations of deep-level and surface-level similarity with team functioning (i.e., team effectiveness, team in-role performance, and team satisfaction). Hypotheses were tested using data from 420 teachers in 57 teams in secondary education. These teams were tightly integrated units in which teachers from different functional areas had to work together. From the results of multilevel analyses, it appeared that especially deep-level similarity was important for team functioning. Cross-level interactions showed a moderating effect of group social capital on the association of deep-level similarity with team functioning, but there was no such relationship found for surface-level similarity. Especially in teams with high group social capital, deep-level similarity was associated with improved team functioning.
Cooperation and Conflict in Qualitative Research: A Dialectical Approach to Knowledge Production
Authors: Enosh Guy , Ben-Ari Adital
Published: September 2009

Our goal with this article is to present a dialectical approach to examining the interaction between researchers and research participants. A dialectical approach maintains that an apparent contradiction at one level might, in fact, be integrated as a synthesis of the two opposing poles at a higher level of conceptual analysis. We claim that a research approach advocating either pole might limit understanding of the complexity of the phenomenon in question. The interaction between researchers and research participants might be conceived of as creating a continuum ranging from cooperation to conflict. We adopt a dialectical perspective, and propose a whole spectrum of interactive styles between cooperation and conflict. Although some of these interactions might be perceived as a hindrance to knowledge production, we treat them as opportunities for the production of knowledge and the enhancement of interests of the study’s target population.
Phase II Trial of Mirtazapine for Cancer-Related Cachexia and Anorexia
Authors: Riechelmann Rachel P. , Burman Debika , Tannock Ian F. , Rodin Gary , Zimmermann Camilla
Published: September 2009

We performed an open-label single-institution phase II trial of mirtazapine (15-30 mg by mouth [po] every day [qd]), a tetracyclic antidepressant that may lead to weight gain, for 8 weeks in nondepressed patients with cancer-related cachexia/anorexia (CRCA). The primary end point was the proportion of patients who gained ≥1 kg at week 4. Secondary end points were quality of life and appetite. From June 2006 to July 2007, 17 of 58 eligible patients were enrolled. On intention-to-treat analysis at week 4, 4 of 17 patients (24%) gained 1 kg or more, 1 patient maintained weight (gain of 400 g) and 2 patients lost weight (800 g and 1.2 kg); 24% and 6% improved appetite and health-related quality of life (HQOL), respectively. Mirtazapine is a promising agent for the treatment of CRCA.
A Policy Change Strategy for Head Lice Management
Authors: Andresen Kathleen , McCarthy Ann Marie
Published: September 2009

The purpose of this project was to formulate an effective change strategy for head lice management in a group of five separate school districts within one county. Despite a desire to use evidence to support their practice, school nurses often encounter educational system barriers that prevent independent management of health conditions. The use of collaborative community relationships, identification of underlying hierarchy structures in school policy development, and targeted system education were the catalysts for changing beliefs and ultimately policy within these school districts. The focus of this project was to develop a policy change strategy for head lice. The strategy provides direction for successful health policy advocacy using evidence-based practices for other health issues within the education setting.
Cultural Immersion as a Learning Method for Expanding Intercultural Competencies
Authors: Canfield Brian S. , Low Lori , Hovestadt Alan
Published: September 2009

This article presents an overview of the development and utilization of a cultural immersion experience assignment in courses that focus on expanding the knowledge and skill set of counselors and other counseling professionals for working with culturally diverse client populations. The utility of this method and specific suggestions for its use in three instructional formats: traditional on-campus courses, study-abroad program courses, and 100% Internet-based courses are examined.
An Investigation of the ECST-R in Male Pretrial Patients
Authors: Vitacco Michael J. , Rogers Richard , Gabel Jason
Published: September 2009

Forensic clinicians have the option of employing well-validated structured interviews when conducting competency to stand trial (CST) evaluations to ensure adequate coverage of the three prongs delineated in Dusky v. United States. This study evaluates the effects of feigning on the Evaluation of Competency to Stand Trial—Revised (ECST-R) in a sample of 100 male defendants undergoing CST evaluations. The ECST-R competency scales are reliable, with good alpha coefficients and interrater reliabilities, and differentiate patients found competent from those found not competent. The current study suggests that feigning may bridge both psychopathology and cognitive abilities and that clinicians should consider each when conducting CST evaluations. These results are discussed in the context of conducting comprehensive evaluations integrating response style assessments in CST evaluations.
Family Cancer Caregiving and Negative Outcomes: The Direct and Mediational Effects of Psychosocial Resources
Authors: Gaugler Joseph E. , Linder Jeanette , Given Charles W. , Kataria Ritesh , Tucker Galina , Regine William F.
Published: September 2009

This study tested the hypothesis that various components of the stress process model were related to negative outcomes (depression, guilt, negative health) in cancer caregivers. This study also tested the hypothesis that psychosocial resources (mastery, socioemotional support) mediated the relationship between the various domains of the stress process model and negative outcomes. A total of 238 cancer caregivers were recruited from radiation medicine clinics at the University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center ( n = 186) and the University of Minnesota Cancer Center ( n = 52). A comprehensive interview battery was administered. A multivariate regression found that primary subjective stressors were the strongest predictors of depression and negative health impact. A path analysis indicated that mastery mediated the relationship between role captivity and negative health impact. These results emphasize the importance of multidimensional assessment in cancer caregiving. The findings also suggest refinements to the stress process model when examining family cancer care.
Post-Katrina New Orleans as a New Migrant Destination
Authors: Fussell Elizabeth
Published: September 2009

The Latino immigrants arriving in New Orleans immediately after Katrina showed that they are often the first to respond to new labor demand for low-skill occupations. Using a convenience sample of this population collected between 5 and 7 months after Katrina, I investigated the sociodemographic and migratory characteristics of the “rapid response labor force” at a time when very little reliable population data were available. Whereas other articles in this issue expose the exploitative conditions that immigrants labored under during this time, this article focuses on how the Latino immigrant population in New Orleans differs from a national sample of immigrants and how national-origin groups within New Orleans differ from each other. I find that immigrants in New Orleans are younger, more often single, and less embedded in a social network than other immigrants. Within the New Orleans sample, I find that Central Americans have moved less often, less recently, and have more connections to established immigrants in the area than the Brazilians and Mexicans. The Central Americans also earn far less on average than the other two national-origin groups. The weaker and more mobile ties of the Brazilians and Mexicans may not only create greater earnings opportunities but also reinforce a practice of moving on to new destinations in search of better opportunities and more wages. In this way, recently arrived and weakly connected immigrants are predisposed to form a rapid response labor force.
Potential Impact of ADHD With Stimulant Medication Label on Teacher Expectations
Authors: Batzle Christina S. , Weyandt Lisa L. , Janusis Grace M. , DeVietti Terry L.
Published: September 2009

Objective: The present study investigated how teachers rated children’s Behavior, IQ, and Personality contingent on the presence or absence of an Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) label. Method: Teachers from K-12 read a hypothetical description of either a male or female child with no label, an ADHD label, or an ADHD with stimulant treatment label. Teachers responded to 30, 7-point Likert rating scales anchored with descriptors related to Behavior, IQ, and Personality. Results: Teachers rated the child with an ADHD label and ADHD with stimulant treatment label significantly less favorably than the child with no label. Results partially supported that teachers rated the child with an ADHD label significantly less favorably than the child with an ADHD with stimulant treatment label. Conclusion: Teachers rated the children with ADHD and ADHD with stimulant treatment label less favorably than the child with no label. Implications for educators and future research are discussed.
Glatiramer acetate in combination with minocycline in patients with relapsing—remitting multiple sclerosis: results of a Canadian, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Metz LM , Li D. , Traboulsee A. , Myles ML , Duquette P. , Godin J. , Constantin M. , Yong VW
Published: September 2009

Minocycline is proposed as an add-on therapy to improve the efficacy of glatiramer acetate in relapsing—remitting multiple sclerosis. The effect of minocycline plus glatiramer acetate was evaluated in this double-blind, placebo-controlled study by determining the total number of T1 gadolinium-enhanced lesions at months 8 and 9 in patients who were starting glatiramer acetate and had at least one T1 gadolinium-enhanced lesion on screening magnetic resonance imaging. Forty-four participants were randomized to either minocycline 100 mg twice daily or matching placebo for 9 months as add-on therapy. They were assessed at screening and months 1, 3, 6, 8 and 9. Forty participants completed the study. Compared with glatiramer acetate/placebo, glatiramer acetate/minocycline reduced the total number of T1 gadolinium-enhanced lesions by 63% (mean 1.47 versus 2.95; p = 0.08), the total number of new and enlarging T2 lesions by 65% (mean 1.84 versus 5.14; p = 0.06), and the total T2 disease burden (p = 0.10). A higher number of gadolinium-enhanced lesions were present in the glatiramer acetate/minocycline group at baseline; this was incorporated into the analysis of the primary endpoint but makes interpretation of the data more challenging. The risk of relapse tended to be lower in the combination group (0.19 versus 0.41; p = NS). Treatment was safe and well tolerated. We conclude that efficacy endpoints showed a consistent trend favoring combination treatment. As minocycline is a relatively safe oral therapy, further study of this combination is warranted in relapsing—remitting multiple sclerosis.