bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temperature and Wind Climate of the Antarctic Peninsula as Simulated by a High-Resolution Regional Atmospheric Climate Model
Authors: van Wessem Jan Melchior , Reijmer Carleen H. , van de Berg Willem Jan , van den Broeke Michiel R. , Cook Alison J. , van Ulft Lambertus H. , van Meijgaard Erik
Published: August 2015

The latest polar version of the Regional Atmospheric Climate Model (RACMO2.3) has been applied to the Antarctic Peninsula (AP). In this study, the authors present results of a climate run at 5.5 km for the period 1979–2013, in which RACMO2.3 is forced by ERA-Interim atmospheric and ocean surface fields, using an updated AP surface topography. The model results are evaluated with near-surface temperature and wind measurements from 12 manned and automatic weather stations and vertical profiles from balloon soundings made at three stations. The seasonal cycle of near-surface temperature and wind is simulated well, with most biases still related to the limited model resolution. High-resolution climate maps of temperature and wind showing that the AP climate exhibits large spatial variability are discussed. Over the steep and high mountains of the northern AP, large west-to-east climate gradients exist, while over the gentle southern AP mountains the near-surface climate is dominated by katabatic winds. Over the flat ice shelves, where katabatic wind forcing is weak, interannual variability in temperature is largest. Finally, decadal trends of temperature and wind are presented, and it is shown that recently there has been distinct warming over the northwestern AP and cooling over the rest of the AP, related to changes in sea ice cover.
A New Mechanism for Mode Water Formation involving Cabbeling and Frontogenetic Strain at Thermohaline Fronts
Authors: Thomas Leif N. , Shakespeare Callum J.
Published: August 2015

A simple analytical model is used to elucidate a potential mechanism for steady-state mode water formation at a thermohaline front that involves frontogenesis, submesoscale lateral mixing, and cabbeling. This mechanism is motivated in part by recent observations of an extremely sharp, density-compensated front at the North Wall of the Gulf Stream. Here, the intergyre, along-isopycnal, salinity–temperature difference is compressed into a span of a few kilometers, making the flow susceptible to cabbeling. The sharpness of the front is caused by frontogenetic strain, which is presumably balanced by submesoscale lateral mixing processes. The balance is studied with the simple model, and a scaling is derived for the amount of water mass transformation resulting from the ensuing cabbeling. The transformation scales with the strain rate, equilibrated width of the front, and the square of the isopycnal temperature contrast across the front. At the major ocean fronts where mode waters are found, this isopycnal temperature contrast decreases with increasing density near the isopycnal layers where mode waters reside. This implies that cabbeling should result in a convergent diapycnal mass flux into mode water density classes. The scaling for the transformation suggests that at these fronts the process could generate 0.01–1 Sverdrups (Sv; 1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) of mode water. These formation rates, while smaller than mode water formation by air–sea fluxes, should be independent of season and thus could fill select isopycnal layers continuously and play an important role in the dynamics of mode waters on interannual time scales.
A didactic procedure for transient stability simulation of a multi-machine power system utilizing SIMULINK
Authors: Ekinci Serdar , Lale Zeynelgil H , Demiroren Aysen
Published: August 2015

This paper describes a simple and didactic procedure which illustrates the benefits of the visual aspects of MATLAB/SIMULINK for educational purposes. The novel didactic procedure is specially developed for transient stability simulation of a multi-machine power system given with full details. Structural details of various sub-models for a multi-machine power system are provided and their implementation in SIMULINK environment is outlined. Simulation results show that the developed transient simulation model is a powerful and promising tool for transient stability studies, and very helpful to understand transient stability phenomena for students and researchers. The most salient features of the developed MATLAB/SIMULINK-based model are simplicity of use, transparency, flexibility and expandability. These special characteristics are easy to understand and can be easily modified. Hence, these features make the proposed model suitable for both educational and research purposes. In addition, classroom experience has shown that the didactic procedure helps in consolidating a better understanding of power system transient stability.
Preferences for Different High-Energy Foods in Elderly Medical In-Patients
Authors: Harper J.R. , McAlpine S. , Hetherington M.M. , Bolton-Smith C. , McMurdo M.E.T.
Published: August 2015

Malnourishment is a common finding in hospitalised elderly patients. It is often addressed by the provision of nutritional supplements, in the form of sip-feeds. Patients ' intake of these is frequently inadequate. We assessed the palatability of sip-feed nutritional supplements and other high-energy foods to elderly medical in-patients. Using the Lickhert Scale, 49 subjects rated the taste of a previously selected sip-feed supplement and five other high-energy foods, cheese biscuit, plain potato crisps, chocolate, cherry-flavoured cereal bar and stout beer. Subjects rated the taste of sip-feeds as favourably as all other offered foods, with the exception of the lower rated stout beer (p=0.0001). Taste alone is unlikely to account for the poor intake of sip-feed nutritional supplements by elderly hospital patients.
On the Tacit Governance of Research by Uncertainty
Authors: Sigl Lisa
Published: August 2015

The experience of uncertainties in exploring the unknown—and dealing with them—is a key characteristic of what it means to be a life science researcher, but we have only started to understand how this characteristic shapes cultures of knowledge production, particularly in times when other—more social—uncertainties enter the field. Although the lab studies tradition has explored the workings of epistemic uncertainties, the range of potent uncertainty experiences in research cultures has been broadened within the neoliberal reorganization of academic institutions. Most importantly, the stronger dependency on competitive project funding has led to increased social uncertainties. Being employed part-time and for shorter periods of time, researchers often find themselves in the precarious situation of high employment uncertainty. This article argues that the currently predominant form of organizing academic research (the project) creates a structural link between epistemic and social uncertainties. It then describes empirically different modes of coping with these uncertainties that researchers deploy and that seem to have become a variable in the governance of research cultures. To do so, it takes the academic life sciences in Austria as an example and explores them using approaches from both science and technology studies and labor studies.
Depressive Symptoms, Transitions to Widowhood, and Informal Support From Adult Children Among Older Women and Men in Japan
Authors: Tiedt Andrew D. , Saito Yasuhiko , Crimmins Eileen M.
Published: August 2015

This study examines the relationships among depressive symptoms, transitions to widowhood, worsening health, and family support in Japan over 10 years. The analyses focus on availability and receipt as the two primary dimensions of intergenerational support relationships. We used growth curve models to analyze data from the Nihon University Japanese Longitudinal Study of Aging, finding that (1) becoming widowed correlated with increased depressive symptoms and this relationship was weaker among women than men, (2) continuous widowhood was associated with fewer depressive symptoms over time, (3) transitions to coresidence with sons and daughters among the widowed was correlated with reduced depressive symptoms, (4) self-reported health and difficulty with activities of daily living were predictors of depressive symptoms over time. The findings suggest the importance of new research on household transitions, availability and proximity of family caregivers, and social embeddedness as protections against depressive symptoms.
Digital activism and Hungarian media reform: The case of Milla
Authors: Wilkin Peter , Dencik Lina , Bognár Éva
Published: August 2015

This article examines the rise of the Internet-based opposition group, One Million for the Freedom of the Press in Hungary (or Milla for short), and considers its impact as a form of digital activism in Hungarian political culture. Milla was founded in December 2010 as a Facebook group in response to the newly elected Fidesz government and its fundamental revision of the Hungarian constitution and, in particular, its media laws. Milla is a civil society group, based in Budapest, who saw the Fidesz government as a threat to the democratic freedoms set out in the post-communist settlement in Hungary. It emerged at a time when the mainstream Hungarian opposition parties were in disarray, and it took on the role of challenging the legitimacy of Fidesz actions. Milla is an important example of the idea of digital activism and virtual solidarity, and its experiences serve to illustrate many of the strengths and weaknesses of these notions. The article sets out the ways in which Milla has sought to generate support for itself and opposition to the government, how it has organized its activities and ultimately the specific problems that it faces in Hungarian civil society.
The Relations Between Teasing and Bullying and Middle School Standardized Exam Performance
Authors: Lacey Anna , Cornell Dewey , Konold Timothy
Published: August 2015

This study examined the relations between the schoolwide prevalence of teasing and bullying (PTB) and schoolwide academic performance in a sample of 271 Virginia middle schools. In addition, the study examined the mediating effects of student engagement. A three-step sequence of path models investigated associations between schoolwide PTB and state-mandated Standards of Learning test pass rates, with effects examined both directly and indirectly through student engagement while controlling for important school-level characteristics. Separate models were examined for two 7th-grade and four 8th-grade tests. Results indicated that higher levels of both teacher and student perceptions of schoolwide teasing and bullying were significantly associated with lower achievement pass rates and student engagement. The relationship between perceptions of schoolwide teasing and bullying and achievement was partially mediated by student engagement. These findings bring new support for the need for schoolwide interventions to reduce teasing and bullying among middle school students.
The ‘Public Interest’ in India: Contestation and Confrontation before the Supreme Court
Authors: Sen Sarbani
Published: August 2015

The phenomenon of Public Interest Litigation (PIL) is a judicially crafted one and primarily consists of the constitutional court's expansion of fundamental rights on the one hand, and procedural innovations to create better opportunities for disadvantaged groups to gain access to the legal system on the other. It has created a renewed conception of justice, and has enabled the court to augment and validate its own authority as the ‘guardian’ of public welfare, and as the constitutionally appointed branch of the state to enforce the rights of the ‘public’. PIL at one level appears to have enabled the justice system and laws to define and shape social and political interactions and to channelize democratic pressures for gaining a response from the state. But it has also been a process by which law and justice emerge from social and political interaction. This new interaction between the realm of judicial decision making and state governance has created adjustments and adaptations and the creation of new legal acts, as well as systemic tensions and conflicts. The paper concludes by looking at broader questions that PIL generates for processes of civic participation, representative democracy and democratic polity under the constitution.
Jobs, Flags, and Laws
Authors: Stewart Julie , Enciso Bendall Michele , Morgan Charlie V.
Published: August 2015

Immigration is currently a combustible social issue in the United States, contributing to national political polarization. The Minuteman Project is one prominent group shaping contemporary immigration politics. This study explores the Utah chapter of this movement and explains why people join. In social movement terms, we highlight which grievances—material, cultural, or value-oriented—predict movement recruitment. This research incorporates a range of qualitative data: in-depth interviews, primary documents, and observation. Our fundamental finding is that contrary to a dominant belief, material interests are not driving anti-immigrant activism. Instead, we find that this activism grows out of the intersection of value-oriented and cultural grievances. Integrating four bodies of sociological theory, we find that values and culture—more than material interests—motivate people to become members of this important social movement.
Comparing the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire and Munich ChronoType Questionnaire to the Dim Light Melatonin Onset
Authors: Kantermann Thomas , Sung Haein , Burgess Helen J.
Published: August 2015

The dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) is the most reliable measure of central circadian timing in humans. However, it is not always possible to measure the DLMO because sample collection has to occur in the hours before usual sleep onset, it requires staff support and considerable participant effort, and it is relatively expensive. Questionnaires that ask people about the timing of their behavior, such as their sleep, may provide an easier and less expensive estimate of circadian timing. The objective of this analysis was to compare the MEQ score derived from the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and the MSFsc derived from the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ) to the DLMO in the largest sample to date ( N = 60). Our hypothesis was that MSFsc would correlate more highly with the DLMO than MEQ score. Our sample of 36 healthy controls and 24 patients with delayed sleep phase disorder ranged in age from 18 to 62 years. All participants slept at times of their own choosing for a week before the assessment of their DLMO. The DLMO correlated significantly with both the MEQ score ( r = −0.70, p < 0.001) and MSFsc ( r = 0.68, p < 0.001). A linear regression using MEQ, MSFsc, and age to predict the DLMO explained 60% of the DLMO variance. The strongest predictor of the DLMO was MSFsc (beta = 0.51, p = 0.001), followed by MEQ (beta = −0.41, p = 0.004), and age (beta = 0.26, p = 0.013). The beta values for MSFsc and MEQ score were not statistically different from each other. Nonetheless, around a 4-h range in the DLMO was observed at a given MEQ score and a given MSFsc, indicating that neither questionnaire should be exclusively used to time light or exogenous melatonin treatment, as this could result in the mistiming of these treatments relative to the DLMO, thereby potentially worsening circadian misalignment.
In-hospital Breastfeeding and Intention to Return to Work Influence Mothers’ Breastfeeding Intentions
Authors: Thomas-Jackson Shera C. , Bentley Gail E. , Keyton Kristina , Reifman Alan , Boylan Mallory , Hart Sybil L.
Published: August 2015

Background:

Research continues to demonstrate that formula feeding is associated with numerous long-term negative outcomes for a mother and her infant. However, many women cease breastfeeding sooner than intended and recommended. Breastfeeding has been found to be related to demographics, maternal mood, and returning to work outside the home.

Objectives:

This study aimed to shed light on the woman’s perception of the effect of working on intended breastfeeding duration. This study used intentions to return to work and in-hospital breastfeeding to predict breastfeeding intentions.

Methods:

Women (N = 160) were surveyed during the first 48 hours postdelivery of healthy, full-term infants. Survey instruments included demographics (socioeconomic status, maternal age, education, and marital status), depression, fetal attachment, current exclusive breastfeeding status, as well as breastfeeding and return-to-work intentions for the next year. A path analysis was used to explore relationships and predictors of breastfeeding intentions.

Results:

The model had a good fit and breastfeeding intentions were predicted by exclusive breastfeeding in the hospital (β = 0.21, P < .01) and negatively predicted by return to work (β = −0.18, P < .05).

Conclusion:

Exclusive breastfeeding in the hospital within the first 48 hours postpartum and intention to return to work influence how long a mother intends to breastfeed. Attention to these areas can be provided immediately postpartum to support exclusive breastfeeding and provide informational support on continuing to breastfeed/express milk upon return to work if the mother intends to return to work.
Reliability of Lactation Assessment Tools Applied to Overweight and Obese Women
Authors: Chapman Donna J. , Doughty Katherine , Mullin Elizabeth M. , Pérez-Escamilla Rafael
Published: August 2015

Background:

The interrater reliability of lactation assessment tools has not been evaluated in overweight/obese women.

Objective:

This study aimed to compare the interrater reliability of 4 lactation assessment tools in this population.

Methods:

A convenience sample of 45 women (body mass index > 27.0) was videotaped while breastfeeding (twice daily on days 2, 4, and 7 postpartum). Three International Board Certified Lactation Consultants independently rated each videotaped session using 4 tools (Infant Breastfeeding Assessment Tool [IBFAT], modified LATCH [mLATCH], modified Via Christi [mVC], and Riordan’s Tool [RT]). For each day and tool, we evaluated interrater reliability with 1-way repeated-measures analyses of variance, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), and percentage absolute agreement between raters.

Results:

Analyses of variance showed significant differences between raters’ scores on day 2 (all scales) and day 7 (RT). Intraclass correlation coefficient values reflected good (mLATCH) to excellent reliability (IBFAT, mVC, and RT) on days 2 and 7. All day 4 ICCs reflected good reliability. The ICC for mLATCH was significantly lower than all others on day 2 and was significantly lower than IBFAT (day 7). Percentage absolute interrater agreement for scale components ranged from 31% (day 2: observable swallowing, RT) to 92% (day 7: IBFAT, fixing; and mVC, latch time). Swallowing scores on all scales had the lowest levels of interrater agreement (31%-64%).

Conclusion:

We demonstrated differences in the interrater reliability of 4 lactation assessment tools when applied to overweight/obese women, with the lowest values observed on day 4. Swallowing assessment was particularly unreliable. Researchers and clinicians using these scales should be aware of the differences in their psychometric behavior.
Implementation of a Donor Milk Program Is Associated with Greater Consumption of Mothers’ Own Milk among VLBW Infants in a US, Level 3 NICU
Authors: Parker Margaret G.K. , Burnham Laura , Mao Wenyang , Philipp Barbara L. , Merewood Anne
Published: August 2015

Background:

It is unclear whether use of donor milk (DM) changes the provision of mothers’ own milk (MOM) to very low birth weight (VLBW) infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Objectives:

To determine whether (1) the rates of any MOM and human milk consumption at feeding initiation and discharge and (2) the proportion of VLBW infants who stopped consuming any MOM and human milk during hospitalization changed in the 2 years after versus before implementation of a DM program in a US, inner-city, level 3 NICU.

Methods:

We studied VLBW infants admitted to Boston Medical Center in the 2 years before (n = 74) and after (n = 80) implementation of a DM program (June 2011). We used multivariable logistic regression to compare milk consumption at feeding initiation and discharge and Cox proportional hazards to compare the proportion of infants that stopped consuming milk during the hospitalization pre and post our DM program.

Results:

After adjustment for maternal race, age, insurance, delivery type, gestational age, and birth weight, we found a 6.0-fold increased odds (95% CI, 2.0-17.7) of consuming MOM at discharge and a 49% reduction in the cessation of MOM consumption during hospitalization (hazard ratio [HR], 0.51; 95% CI, 0.28-0.93) in the 2 years after versus before our DM program.

Conclusion:

Implementation of a DM program was associated with greater consumption of MOM throughout hospitalization and at discharge among VLBW infants. Implementation of DM programs may augment support of mothers to provide breast milk in level 3 NICUs.
Race, Structural Violence, and the Neoliberal University: The Challenges of Inhabitation
Authors: Hamer Jennifer F. , Lang Clarence
Published: August 2015

This article connects the existence of structural violence to neoliberalism, by which we mean the economic and social philosophy that imposes free-market fundamentalism on all human interactions. We argue that U.S. institutions of higher education reflect and reproduce racism and other forms of structural violence pervasive across society, requiring scholars to explicitly confront the effects of neoliberalism on college and university campuses. For scholars who study social inequalities, it is pertinent to “inhabit” their work by directly addressing these hierarchies beyond their research and teaching, or even their civic engagement outside academe. We focus on the university as a site of institutional racism, though we conclude that achieving access and equity for historically underrepresented racial minority students, staff, faculty, and administrators must be tied to democratizing higher education by fighting neoliberal policies, practices, and logics.
Biggar’s Critique of Christian Pacifism, Extended
Authors: Kelsay John
Published: August 2015

In this essay, I take up the critique of Christian pacifism offered in Nigel Biggar’s In Defence of War. 1 Focusing on the New Testament, Biggar argues that the evidence does not suggest a requirement of pacifism for Christians. This seems correct, but I argue that Biggar’s critique should be extended through an engagement with the Old Testament and other sources that inform Christian practical reason.
Can a Soldier Love His Enemy?
Authors: Beach Hugh
Published: August 2015

This article addresses the issue of love in war from the position of an officer actively engaged in the training of officers in the British army over many years. It describes the ethos which informs this training and proposes that a better analogy is with the Golden Rule.
Did Marine A Do Wrong? On Biggar’s Lethal Intentions
Authors: Simpson Thomas W.
Published: August 2015

On patrol in Afghanistan, Sgt Blackman—referred to as ‘Marine A’ at the subsequent trial—pulled a wounded Taliban fighter out of view and shot him at close range. He was subsequently convicted for murder. I argue that, given premises endorsed in In Defence of War, Nigel Biggar is committed to the justifiability of that battlefield killing.
Revitalised Early Christian Just War Thinking and International Law: Some Observations on Nigel Biggar’s In Defence of War
Authors: Kreß Claus
Published: August 2015

In light of the well-established international legal principle of non-use of force in international relations, Nigel Biggar’s In Defence of War may give rise to concern in the academy of international lawyers. But the gap between the book’s conclusions and the current international law on the use of force turns out to be less significant upon closer inspection than at first sight. This essay reviews Biggar’s concept of ‘just war as punishment’, his view on the legal status of the ‘unjust warrior’, and his position on ‘humanitarian intervention’ from the perspective of international law. The essay is critical of the relevant passages in several more specific respects. At the same time, the essay reads the book as an elaborate general word of caution against an overarching presumption in favour of a maximalist interpretation of the principle of non-use of force in international relations—and it finds merit in that cautionary approach.
Temporalizing agency: Moving beyond on- and offline cognition
Authors: van Dijk Ludger , Withagen Rob
Published: August 2015

In this article we reconsider the relation between time and agency that is at the heart of the current distinction between online and offline cognition. Mainstream psychology starts out with an abstract notion of time, in which only the current moment is real. Therefore persisting representations are necessary for agents to make their way across time. We take Gibson and Heidegger to offer a different account of the relation between time and agency. Their theories suggest that, by taking agents in their world as coordinated motion, the need for representations disappears. We extend this picture of human involvement by showing how this can account for the concept of time by retaining its relational, situated structure. Finally, we return to the distinction between on- and offline cognition and show that offline cognition need not be considered a different type of cognition, but only a different mode of coordinating: offline cognition in such a view is not a return to the internal manipulation of content; rather, it is a contentless, unstable mode of coordinating to the world in which the relational constitution of agency falters.
Surface mechanics implications for a nanovoided metallic thin-plate under uniform boundary loading
Authors: Mi Changwen , Kouris Demitris
Published: August 2015

The goal of this work is to shed some light on the problem of stress concentrations near nanoscale pores (nanovoids) in metallic thin-plates subjected to mechanical load. The limitations of classical elasticity at the nanoscale can be mitigated by the incorporation of a coherent surface model. The disturbance of the elastic field due to a nanovoid in an elastic thin-plate can be determined using a three-dimensional displacement formulation. Numerical results suggest that the surface energy and corresponding surface stress of the nanovoid significantly alter the local stress distribution and the relevant stress concentrations. The magnitude of this effect depends on parameters like the void size, film thickness, applied load, and material properties of the thin-plate and the void surface. The results of the study suggest that nanoporous thin-plates could be optimized for lower stress concentrations and might be less vulnerable to fracture, at least when subjected to uniaxial tensile loads.
Using Action Planning to Build Organizational Capacity for the Prevention of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Schober Daniel J. , Fawcett Stephen B.
Published: August 2015

The DELTA PREP Project aims to reduce risk for intimate partner violence (IPV). It engaged leadership and staff from 19 statewide domestic violence coalitions in building capacity to prevent IPV before it occurs (rather than solely responding to IPV). This article describes the process and outcomes associated with action planning to create coalition organizational change related to preventing IPV. Coalition staff and leadership planned for organizational changes in six goal areas: leadership, structures and processes, staffing, resource development, partnership development, and member agency development. Action planning was conducted during 2-day, in-person sessions that involved (a) review and refinement of coalition vision and mission statements, (b) interpretation of coalition assessments (for prevention capacity), (c) identification of specific organizational changes to be sought, and (d) specification of action steps for each proposed organizational change to be sought. The results show overall increases in the amounts, and variations in the kinds, of organizational changes that were facilitated by coalitions. Challenges related to action planning and future directions for capacity building among statewide IPV prevention coalitions are discussed.
The DELTA PREP Initiative
Authors: Zakocs Ronda , Freire Kimberley E.
Published: August 2015

Background. The DELTA PREP Project aimed to build the prevention capacity of 19 state domestic violence coalitions by offering eight supports designed to promote prevention integration over a 3-year period: modest grant awards, training events, technical assistance, action planning, coaching hubs, the Coalition Prevention Capacity Assessment, an online workstation, and the online documentation support system. Objectives. Using quantitative and qualitative data, we sought to explain how coalitions integrated prevention within their structures and functions and document how DELTA PREP supports contributed to coalitions’ integration process. Results. We found that coalitions followed a common pathway to integrate prevention. First, coalitions exhibited precursors of organizational readiness, especially having prevention champions. Second, coalitions engaged in five critical actions: engaging in dialogue, learning about prevention, forming teams, soliciting input from the coalition, and action planning. Last, by engaging in these critical actions, coalitions enhanced two key organizational readiness factors—developing a common understanding of prevention and an organizational commitment to prevention. We also found that DELTA PREP supports contributed to coalitions’ abilities to integrate prevention by supporting learning about prevention, fostering a prevention team, and engaging in action planning by leveraging existing opportunities. Two DELTA PREP supports—coaching hubs and the workstation—did not work as initially intended. From the DELTA PREP experience, we offer several lessons to consider when designing future prevention capacity-building initiatives.
The Data-to-Action Framework
Authors: Zakocs Ronda , Hill Jessica A. , Brown Pamela , Wheaton Jocelyn , Freire Kimberley E.
Published: August 2015

Although health education programs may benefit from quality improvement methods, scant resources exist to help practitioners apply these methods for program improvement. The purpose of this article is to describe the Data-to-Action framework, a process that guides practitioners through rapid-feedback cycles in order to generate actionable data to improve implementation of ongoing programs. The framework was designed while implementing DELTA PREP, a 3-year project aimed at building the primary prevention capacities of statewide domestic violence coalitions. The authors describe the framework’s main steps and provide a case example of a rapid-feedback cycle and several examples of rapid-feedback memos produced during the project period. The authors also discuss implications for health education evaluation and practice.
An Empirical Analysis of Intentions to Cocreate Value in Hotels Using Mobile Devices
Authors: Morosan Cristian
Published: August 2015

Value cocreation represents a critical element of the service-dominant logic paradigm, which is currently becoming increasingly important in hospitality. A number of recent studies are pointing to the criticality of examining the value cocreation mechanisms in hotels. While value can be cocreated using a variety of methods, mobile commerce offers unique opportunities to lay the foundation of value cocreation in hotels, which can bring substantial benefits for all stakeholders of this process. To understand the how hotel guests develop intentions to cocreate value in hotels using their mobile devices, a conceptual model was developed and validated empirically based on data from U.S. hotel guests. Guests’ perceptions of personalization, trust in the hotel, and their personal innovativeness were found to influence their degree of involvement with mobile devices in hotels, which are instrumental in the development of intentions to engage in specific cocreation behaviors.
The action research case study approach: A methodology for complex challenges such as sustainability in aviation
Authors: McManners Peter
Published: August 2015

Action research was chosen to investigate the interface between economic and environmental factors in the aviation sector. A variant of the methodology was developed which combined the ethos of action research with the prescriptive mechanism of case study analysis. This was found to be particularly appropriate for the situation encountered, where the parameters of the central problem are clearly defined and an outline solution can be identified but how to persuade stakeholders of a way forward is uncertain. The research had three phases beginning with the preparatory phase which examined the situation in depth to be able to propose a feasible solution. The second phase involved seeking ideas from another sector with similar characteristics. The third phase consisted of engagement with stakeholders across six stakeholder groups. It is suggested that the ‘action research case study’ is particularly suited to the challenge of sustainability and may have wider utility.
Reconfiguring the Audience Commodity
Authors: Kosterich Allie , Napoli Philip M.
Published: August 2015

Changes in the ways that audiences use television, and the ways in which such usage can be measured, raise the possibility of a transformation of the audience commodity, and the currency that fuels the audience marketplace. Specifically, it appears at this point that social media analytics are beginning to play a role in how television program success is measured, and in how advertising dollars are allocated across programs. Essentially, then, the emergence of social TV analytics represents the possibility of a new market information regime taking hold in the audience marketplace. Working from an institutional theoretical framework, this article uses trade materials as a window into industry dynamics and discourses in an effort to provide an account of the recent emergence and usage of social TV analytics in the U.S. television industry and thus explore the process of institutionalization of a new market information regime.
Congenital basis of posterior fossa anomalies
Authors: Cotes Claudia , Bonfante Eliana , Lazor Jillian , Jadhav Siddharth , Caldas Maria , Swischuk Leonard , Riascos Roy
Published: August 2015

The classification of posterior fossa congenital anomalies has been a controversial topic. Advances in genetics and imaging have allowed a better understanding of the embryologic development of these abnormalities. A new classification schema correlates the embryologic, morphologic, and genetic bases of these anomalies in order to better distinguish and describe them. Although they provide a better understanding of the clinical aspects and genetics of these disorders, it is crucial for the radiologist to be able to diagnose the congenital posterior fossa anomalies based on their morphology, since neuroimaging is usually the initial step when these disorders are suspected. We divide the most common posterior fossa congenital anomalies into two groups: 1) hindbrain malformations, including diseases with cerebellar or vermian agenesis, aplasia or hypoplasia and cystic posterior fossa anomalies; and 2) cranial vault malformations. In addition, we will review the embryologic development of the posterior fossa and, from the perspective of embryonic development, will describe the imaging appearance of congenital posterior fossa anomalies. Knowledge of the developmental bases of these malformations facilitates detection of the morphological changes identified on imaging, allowing accurate differentiation and diagnosis of congenital posterior fossa anomalies.
Pre-operative fMRI localization of the supplementary motor area and its relationship with postoperative speech deficits
Authors: Lyo John K , Arevalo-Perez Julio , Petrovich Brennan Nicole , Peck Kyung K , Holodny Andrei I
Published: August 2015

Introduction

Neurosurgery of the supplementary motor area (SMA) is associated with transient speech defects. We investigated whether SMA laterality correlates with postoperative speech defects.

Materials and methods

The authors reviewed 17 patients with SMA-area lesion resection and preoperative language fMRI. SMA laterality was calculated by comparison of voxel activation in paired SMAs by hand-drawn regions of interest (ROIs) (drawn by a neuroradiologist), and compared with qualitative assessment by two neuroradiologists. Postoperative speech defects before and after surgery were assessed by chart review.

Results

Six patients developed new speech defects that resolved within several months. Two of the patients had a pre-existing speech defect that had developed after prior SMA-area surgery. All these patients had left-sided lesions, while none of the four patients with a right-sided lesion developed a speech defect. Neuroradiologists’ assessment of SMA laterality agreed with ROI calculation for the SMAs that were lateralized. However, for the SMAs in the “codominant” range by ROI, the neuroradiologists felt that all but one of the cases clearly lateralized, with the exception deemed indeterminate or codominant. No correlation between laterality of SMA and speech defect was identified. Twelve patients showed lateralization contralateral to the lesion.

Conclusions

fMRI lateralization does not correlate with transient speech defects that developed from SMA-area surgery. Qualitative/visual assessment of SMA laterality was superior to ROI calculation because of the close proximity and possible overlap of signal from midline SMA. A majority of patients showed SMA lateralization contralateral to the SMA lesion.
Cerebral cavernous malformations associated to meningioma: High penetrance in a novel family mutated in the PDCD10 gene
Authors: Garaci Francesco , Marsili Luisa , Riant Florence , Marziali Simone , Cécillon Michaelle , Pasquarelli Roberto , Sangiuolo Federica , Floris Roberto , Novelli Giuseppe , Tournier-Lasserve Elisabeth , Brancati Francesco
Published: August 2015

Multiple familial meningiomas occur in rare genetic syndromes, particularly neurofibromatosis type 2. The association of meningiomas and cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) has been reported in few patients in the medical literature. The purpose of our study is to corroborate a preferential association of CCMs and multiple meningiomas in subjects harbouring mutations in the PDCD10 gene (also known as CCM3). Three members of an Italian family affected by seizures underwent conventional brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) with gadolinium contrast agent including gradient echo (GRE) imaging. The three CCM-causative genes were sequenced by Sanger method. Literature data reporting patients with coexistence of CCMs and meningiomas were reviewed. MRI demonstrated dural-based meningioma-like lesions associated to multiple parenchymal CCMs in all affected individuals. A disease-causative mutation in the PDCD10 gene (p.Gln112PhefsX13) was identified. Based on neuroradiological and molecular data as well as on literature review, we outline a consistent association between PDCD10 mutations and a syndrome of CCMs with multiple meningiomas. This condition should be considered in the differential diagnosis of multiple/familial meningioma syndromes. In case of multiple/familial meningioma the use of appropriate MRI technique may include GRE and/or susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) to rule out CCM. By contrast, proper post-gadolinium scans may aid defining dural lesions in CCM patients and are indicated in PDCD10-mutated individuals.
Perfusion computed tomography of intracranial meningiomas: In vivo correlation of cerebral blood volume and vascular permeability
Authors: Granata Francesca , Morabito Rosa , Alafaci Concetta , Barresi Valeria , Tomasello Francesco , Vinci Sergio , Mormina Enricomaria , Calamuneri Alessandro , Grasso Giovanni , Salpietro Francesco Maria , Longo Marcello
Published: August 2015

Background

A noninvasive method to predict the grade of a meningioma would be desirable since it would anticipate information about tumour nature, recurrence and improve tumour management and outcomes. The aim of the present study was to assess the ability of perfusion computed tomography (PCT) technique in predicting the meningioma grade before surgery. Data from PCT, such as cerebral blood volume (CBV) and permeability surface (PS), were correlated with immunohistolopathological information.

Methods

Twenty-three patients with a diagnosis of intracranial meningioma underwent PCT for pre-surgical evaluation of CBV and PS. During surgery, samples from the centre and periphery of the tumour were obtained. Two correspondent regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn on CBV and PS maps. Central and peripheral CBV and PS mean values were calculated. PCT parameters were correlated to CD-34 and endoglin.

Results

There was a positive correlation between PS and CD-34. No correlation was found between PS values and endoglin, CBV values and CD-34 and endoglin values.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that PCT may support conventional morphological imaging in predicting meningioma grading before surgery.
“We Live From Mother Nature”
Authors: Chaves-Agudelo J. Marcela , Batterbury Simon P. J. , Beilin Ruth
Published: August 2015

This article explores how macroeconomic and environmental policies instituted since the 1990s have altered meanings, imaginaries, and the human relationship to nature in Colombia. The Colombian nation-state is pluri-ethnic, multilingual, and megabiodiverse. In this context, indigenous peoples, Afro-Colombians, and some peasant communities survive hybridization of their cultures. They have developed their own ways of seeing, understanding, and empowering the world over centuries of European rule. However, threats to relatively discrete cultural meanings have increased since major changes in the 1990s, when Colombia experienced the emergence of new and modern interpretations of nature, such as “biodiversity,” and a deepening of globalized neoliberal economic and political management. These policies involve a modern logic of being in the world, the establishment of particular regulatory functions for economies, societies, and the environment, and their spread has been facilitated by webs of political and economic power. We trace their local effects with reference to three indigenous groups.
The Death of Phillip Hughes
Authors: English Peter
Published: August 2015

Cricketer Phillip Hughes died after being struck by a ball in a match, triggering a rare example of commemorative journalism of an Australian athlete in his prime. This case study explores the perceptions of print and online cricket journalists who covered the story, providing an analysis of how their emotions influenced their reporting of an event they were professionally and personally involved in. Employing this approach differs from the dominant focus of examining content in commemorative journalism scholarship. The circumstances of the Hughes story created an unfamiliar environment for cricket journalists, who had to deal with their own emotions while being messengers to audiences in Australia, and across the world. The impact of social media also altered the direction of aspects of the coverage through the Twitter hashtag #putoutyourbats. To examine elements of this commemorative journalism example, in-depth interviews were conducted with 11 Australian cricket journalists. The results reflect the respondents’ difficulties in covering the story, their usage of emotion in their work, and their perceptions of social media’s influence.
Genetic Testing Confirmed the Early Diagnosis of X-Linked Hypophosphatemic Rickets in a 7-Month-Old Infant
Authors: Poon Kok Siong , Sng Andrew Anjian , Ho Cindy Weili , Koay Evelyn Siew-Chuan , Loke Kah Yin
Published: August 2015

Loss-of-function mutations in the phosphate regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on the X-chromosome ( PHEX) have been causally associated with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLHR). The early diagnosis of XLHR in infants is challenging when it is based solely on clinical features and biochemical findings. We report a 7-month-old boy with a family history of hypophosphatemic rickets., who demonstrated early clinical evidence of rickets, although serial biochemical findings could not definitively confirm rickets. A sequencing assay targeting the PHEX gene was first performed on the mother’s DNA to screen for mutations in the 5′UTR, 22 coding exons, and the exon-intron junctions. Targeted mutation analysis and mRNA studies were subsequently performed on the boys’ DNA to investigate the pathogenicity of the identified mutation. Genetic screening of the PHEX gene revealed a novel mutation, c.1080-2A>C, at the splice acceptor site in intron 9. The detection of an aberrant mRNA transcript with skipped (loss of) exon 10 establishes its pathogenicity and confirms the diagnosis of XLHR in this infant. Genetic testing of the PHEX gene resulted in early diagnosis of XLHR, thus enabling initiation of therapy and prevention of progressive rachitic changes in the infant.
Navigator Approach to Improve Quality of Care for Vulnerable Populations in Mexico
Authors: Ramos Rebeca , Ferreira-Pinto João , Loza Oralia
Published: August 2015

For nearly 30 years, Programa Compañeros Inc (Compañeros) has worked in Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico, to ensure that vulnerable populations can exercise their rights to receive HIV and substance abuse prevention and treatment services. Compañeros staff has worked to ameliorate the negative results that limit access to care to the most vulnerable individuals: those who are poor, homeless, sex workers, addicted, and others whose life context put them at greater risk for being infected with HIV. With support from the MAC AIDS Foundation, Compañeros has expanded its capacity to deliver services to persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and to HIV-vulnerable populations. This short communication describes findings from an internal evaluation conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the MAC AIDS-funded navigator-based program implemented at Compañeros.
MEK-independent ERK activation in human neutrophils and its impact on functional responses
Authors: Simard Francois A , Cloutier Alexandre , Ear Thornin , Vardhan Harsh , McDonald Patrick P
Published: August 2015

Neutrophils influence innate and adaptative immunity, notably through the generation of numerous cytokines and chemokines and through the modulation of their constitutive apoptosis. Several signaling cascades are known to control neutrophil responses, including the MEK pathway, which is normally coupled to ERK. However, we show here that in human neutrophils stimulated with cytokines or TLR ligands, MEK and ERK are activated independently of each other. Pharmacological blockade of MEK had no effect on the induction of ERK kinase activity and vice versa. In autologous PBMC exposed to the same stimuli or in neutrophils exposed to chemoattractants, this uncoupling of MEK and ERK was not observed. Whereas we had shown before that MEK inhibition impairs cytokine generation translationally in LPS- or TNF-stimulated neutrophils, ERK inhibition affected this response transcriptionally and translationally. Transcriptional targets or ERK include the mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1 (MSK-1) and its substrates, C/EBPβ and CREB, whereas translational targets include the S6 kinase and its substrate, the S6 ribosomal protein. In addition to affecting cytokine production, ERK inhibition interfered with how LPS or TNF promotes neutrophil survival and levels of the myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1) antiapoptotic protein. Whereas the ERK-activating kinase was not identified, we found that the MAP3K, TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), acts upstream of ERK and MEK in neutrophils. Our results document a functional uncoupling of the MEK/ERK module under certain stimulatory conditions and suggest that therapeutic strategies based on MEK inhibition might benefit from being complemented by ERK inhibition, particularly in chronic inflammatory conditions featuring a strong neutrophilic component.