bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Law: Can You Sue the White House? Opening the Door for Separation of Powers Immunity in Cheney v. District Court
Authors: KLAREVAS LOUIS
Published: November 2004

Over the course of the past few decades, creative lawyers in the executive branch have asserted a variety of privileges and immunities to shield America's highest executive officials, the president and vice president of the United States, from both criminal and civil proceedings. The challenges naturally raise important constitutional questions, which the federal courts are often asked to address. The Supreme Court has offered some broad parameters for holding the president in check while at the same time preserving the balance between the three branches of the federal government. This article begins with an overview of the parameters that the Supreme Court has established regarding presidential immunity. The article then proceeds to a discussion of how the Supreme Court, in Cheney v. District Court, recently addressed the current administration's efforts to avoid civil action against the vice president by asserting executive immunity based on the separation of powers doctrine. The article concludes with a brief discussion of the implications of the Court's ruling in Cheney v. District Court.
Source Material: Sequestered from the Court of History: The Kissinger Transcripts
Authors: MONTGOMERY BRUCE P.
Published: November 2004

Upon leaving office in 1976, Henry Kissinger donated the records of his telephone diplomacy with foreign leaders to the Library of Congress as his private property under restrictive terms that sealed them until after his death. Against claims that the materials were public documents or Nixon historical materials, Kissinger fought a legal battle to monopolize the history of his deeds. After almost thirty years, Kissinger unexpectedly agreed to release the documents to the National Archives, leading to their public availability for the first time.
GEOMETRY OF CONDITIONAL EXPECTATIONS AND FINITE INDEX
Authors: ANDRUCHOW ESTEBAN , STOJANOFF DEMETRIO
Published: November 2004

Let e be the Jones projection associated to a conditional expectation [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] are von Neumann algebras. We prove that the similarity orbit of e by invertibles of [Formula: see text] is an homogeneous space iff the index of E is finite. If also [Formula: see text], then this orbit is a covering space for the orbit of E.
ALMOST NORMAL ELEMENTS
Authors: LIN HUAXIN
Published: November 2004

We show that, for any ε > 0, there exists δ > 0, such that for any finite matrix T with ||T|| ≤ 1 satisfies [Formula: see text] there is a normal operator N ∈ B (l2) such that [Formula: see text] where T∞ is the block diagonal operator with T on each diagonal block. We also show that, for any ε > 0, there exists δ > 0 such that for any element x with ||x|| ≤ 1 in any purely infinite simple C*-algebra A satisfies [Formula: see text] and a spectral condition, there is a normal element y ∈ A with finite spectrum [Formula: see text]
AN FFT SOLVER FOR THE COULOMB PROBLEM
Authors: LAURITSCH G. , REINHARD P.-G.
Published: November 2004

A solution of the Coulomb problem in Fourier representation is given. The problems with the long-range parts of the Coulomb potential are circumvented by a separate handling of them. This allows the Fourier representation to develop its typical efficiency and robusteness.
HAMILTONIAN DYNAMICS OF YANG-MILLS FIELDS ON A LATTICE
Authors: BIRÓ T.S. , GONG C. , MÜLLER B. , TRAYANOV A.
Published: November 2004

We review recent results from studies of the dynamics of classical Yang-Mills fields on a lattice. We discuss the numerical techniques employed in solving the classical lattice Yang-Mills equations in real time, and present results exhibiting the universal chaotic behavior of non-abelian gauge theories. The complete spectrum of Lyapunov exponents is determined for the gauge group SU(2). We survey results obtained for the SU(3) gauge theory and other nonlinear field theories. We also discuss the relevance of these results to the problem of thermalization in gauge theories.
SYMMETRY BREAKING IN CFD: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES
Authors: GUSTAFSON KARL , McARTHUR JOHN
Published: November 2004

Symmetry breaking occurs in the discretizations of the partial differential equations of fluid dynamics, both advertently and inadvertently. Although it can occur even in one-dimensional steady flow algorithms, we have found its consequences to be more pronounced in two and three space dimensions and in the computation of time dependent flows. This has led us to some interesting new computational schemes.
REDUCED CHEMISTRY MODELING IN REACTING FLOWS
Authors: Lam S.H.
Published: November 2004

This paper reviews the need for reduced chemistry modeling for hypersonic reactive flows, and describes the method of computational singular perturbation which can computationally derive reduced chemistry models for a massively complex reaction system.
PARALLEL MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS OF ORGANIC MATERIALS
Authors: PLIMPTON STEVE , HENDRICKSON BRUCE
Published: November 2004

A new parallel algorithm suitable for molecular dynamics simulations of organic systems is presented. It reduces the communication cost and memory requirements of other commonly-used parallel algorithms by a factor of [Formula: see text] where P is the number of processors. The algorithm has been implemented in a CHARMM-like molecular dynamics model and its performance on 1024-processor nCUBE 2 and Intel Paragon machines is discussed.
A HYBRID MONTE CARLO STUDY OF THE SU-SCHRIEFFER-HEEGER MODEL
Authors: AMARAL MARCIA G. DO , CARVALHO C. ARAGÃO DE
Published: November 2004

We study, using the Hybrid Monte Carlo Method, the behavior of the spinless SuSchrieffer-Heeger model that describes conducting polymers, as a function of the Yukawa coupling constant, the fermion mass and the chemical potential, which simulates doping. We measure the expectation value of the bosonic fields, φ, and of the fermionic fields, [Formula: see text], in the phase space of all parameters. We exhibit the phase diagram of the theory and look for the presence of solitons, polarons and bipolarons in the configurations generated.
HYPERBOLIC CONSERVATION LAWS HAVING SOURCE TERMS AND DONOR CELL DIFFERENCING
Authors: ALI FARHAD , KASSAR M.A.
Published: November 2004

Modifications in the integration of the source terms in hyperbolic conservation laws such as those governing combustion, detonation and radiative transport, with a first order upwind differencing technique are proposed and analysed. The von Neuman stability and phase error analysis for a linear scalar equation, together with a few test problems is presented in order to compare the performance of the resulting variants of the donor cell scheme. It is established that when the source term is integrated using higher order formulae, the resulting scheme gives better resolution and has better stability limit and phase accuracy, compared to the standard single nodal value replacement. It is shown that integration by the trapezoidal rule gives sufficient accuracy and further improvement may not necessarily be achieved using better methods, such as the Simpson’s rule.
ABSORBING COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN GEOMETRIES INTO THE GEANT SIMULATION PROGRAM
Authors: YOUSSEF SAUL , DRAGOVITSCH PETER , WOMERSLEY JOHN
Published: November 2004

The problem of absorbing CAD system defined objects into detector simulation programs like GEANT is a well known unsolved problem in HEP computing. The nature of the problem and potential approaches to a solution are discussed. A solution to one aspect of CAD to GEANT translation is presented where CAD defined objects are represented as a tree of boxes which is then absorbed into GEANT geometries. Space and time benchmarks are discussed.
LIFE TIMES OF SIMULATED TRAFFIC JAMS
Authors: NAGEL KAI
Published: November 2004

We study a model for freeway traffic which includes strong noise taking into account the fluctuations of individual driving behavior. The model shows emergent traffic jams with a self-similar appearance near the throughput maximum of the traffic. The lifetime distribution of these jams shows a short scaling regime, which gets considerably longer if one reduces the fluctuations when driving at maximum speed but leaves the fluctuations for slowing down or accelerating unchanged. The outflow from a traffic jam self-organizes into this state of maximum throughput.
THE FIBER TRACKERS OF CHORUS
Authors:   for the CHORUS collaboration, GRUWE MAGALI
Published: November 2004

The CHORUS collaboration aims at the observation of neutrino oscillations. A detector has been designed and built. One of its main elements consists in scintillating fiber trackers. A brief overview of neutrino oscillation physics is given. The CHORUS detector is described. The main characteristics of the trackers are outlined.
PERFORMANCE OF RANDOM LATTICE ALGORITHMS
Authors: LAURITSEN KENT BÆKGAARD , PUHL HARALD , TILLEMANS HANS-JÜRGEN
Published: November 2004

We have implemented different algorithms for generating Poissonian and vectorizable random lattices. The random lattices fulfil the Voronoi/Delaunay construction. We measure the performance of our algorithms for the two types of random lattices and find that the average computation time is proportional to the number of points on the lattice.
PARTICLE-MESH METHODS ON THE CONNECTION MACHINE
Authors: FERRELL ROBERT , BERTSCHINGER EDMUND
Published: November 2004

We describe an efficient Particle-Mesh algorithm for the Connection Machine CM-5. Our particular method parallelizes well and the computation time per time step decreases as the particles become more clustered. We achieve floating-point computation rates of 4–5 MFlops/processing node and total operations (the sum of floating-point and integer arithmetic plus communications) of 5–10 MOps/sec/processing node. The rates scale almost linearly from 32 to 256 processors. Although some of what we discuss is specific to the CM-5, many aspects (e.g., the computation of the force on a mesh) are generic to all implementations, and other aspects (e.g., the algorithm for assignment of the density to the mesh) are useful on any parallel computer.
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY WITH ‘η PAIRING’: GAP PARAMETER AND SINGLE PARTICLE TUNNELING
Authors: LITAK GRZEGORZ , DOMAŃSKI TADEUSZ
Published: November 2004

We examine the ‘η pairing’ superconductivity using the negative U Hubbard model on the bipartite lattice. The superconducting gap parameter for η pairing is compared with the equilibrium Hartree-Fock-Bogolubov solution for the half-filled system in various temperatures and strengths of interaction. The quasiparticle density of states and the single particle tunneling are investigated.
THE ROLE OF RESONANCES IN MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION OF ATOMS WITH SHORT INTENSE LASER PULSES
Authors: VRIJEN R.B. , HOOGENRAAD J.H. , NOORDAM L.D.
Published: November 2004

We present experimental and theoretical data on the electron energy spectra from resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization of atoms. In experiments performed with 594-nm wavelength, linearly polarized laser pulses of 300-fs and 600-fs durations, it is found that excitation of the intermediate resonances during the rising edge of the laser pulse can dominate the electron spectrum. Good agreement is found between the experimental results and a model based on the Landau-Zener energy level crossing theory. Theoretical results obtained with direct integration of the Schrödinger equation show that intermediate resonances can be excited appreciably off resonance if the coupling between the ground state and the excited state is highly nonlinear. The excitation of the intermediate state is not localized at the intensity which makes it six-photon resonant with the ground state. A multilevel model used to simulate the experimental spectra, based on direct integration of the Schrödinger equation, shows excellent agreement with the data.
NEW CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF INDIUM NITRIDE: A PRESSURE-INDUCED ROCKSALT PHASE
Authors: XIA QING , XIA HUI , RUOFF ARTHUR L.
Published: November 2004

Crystal structures of the III–V compound InN were studied under high pressure in a diamond anvil cell to 35 GPa by energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction. A pressure-induced phase transformation from a wurtzite structure to a rocksalt structure was observed in polycrystalline InN during compression. This is a first-order phase transformation with a volume collapse of 20%. The high pressure rocksalt phase started to appear at 10 GPa and the transformation was completed at 14 GPa. The rocksalt phase remained stable to at least 35 GPa, the upper pressure limit of this experiment. During unloading of the diamond anvil cell, InN started to transform back to the wurtzite phase at a pressure of 5 GPa and a small amount of high pressure rocksalt phase persisted after completely releasing the pressure cell. The equilibrium transformation pressure lies on the interval of 5 to 10 GPa.
STRONG FLUX PINNING EFFECTS IN BULK Y1Ba2Cu3O7−δ
Authors: HABIB J.M. , SEYOUM H.M. , BENNETT L.H. , SWARTZENDRUBER L.J. , BLENDELL J.E.
Published: November 2004

A modification of the quench-melt-growth (QMG) method of Sawano et al. has been used to produce highly textured superconducting samples of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ (123) with a high density of inclusions, a high density of parallel microcracks, and strong flux pinning persisting up to temperatures close to Tc. A selected sample has: 1) a very sharp transition width, ≃0.3 K as determined from ac susceptibility, and <0.5 K as determined from diamagnetic shielding or trapped flux measurements; 2) a zero Meissner effect in applied fields as low as 5 Oe; 3) a high magnetic critical current sustained over a broad temperature range; and 4) wide hysteresis loops at temperatures up to 0.5 K below Tc.
PHOTOEMISSION CALCULATION WITH KRONIG-PENNEY MODEL
Authors: THAPA R.K. , DAS P. , KAR N.
Published: November 2004

Photoemission calculations have been performed using the Kronig-Penney model and including photon field variation with the help of a simple model, where the dielectric response in the surface region is a local function linearly interpolated between the vacuum value and the experimentally measured bulk value. Results with different dielectric functions are also presented.
INFLUENCE OF THE COUNTER ROTATING TERMS ON THE SQUEEZING IN THE JAYNES–CUMMINGS MODEL FOR COHERENT AND SQUEEZED FIELDS
Authors: SEKE J.
Published: November 2004

The significant influence of the counter rotating terms on the squeezing in the Jaynes–Cummings model is demonstrated. Numerical results for the time evolution of the atomic population inversion, and atomic and field squeezing parameters for initially coherent and squeezed fields are presented.
NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE 3-COLOR PROBLEM ON CUBIC LATTICE BY A METHOD OF RANDOM PARTITION FUNCTIONS
Authors: BAKAEV A. V. , KABANOVICH V. I.
Published: November 2004

We propose a stochastic method for computing partition functions of models which can be stated as lattice spin models. The method admits averaging over independent realizations, thus is well suited for simulating models on finite lattices. We apply this method to the 3-color problem on cubic map.
EXACTLY SOLVABLE SCALING THEORY OF CONDUCTION IN DISORDERED WIRES
Authors: Beenakker C. W. J.
Published: November 2004

Recent developments in the scaling theory of phase-coherent conduction through a disordered wire are reviewed. The Dorokhov–Mello–Pereyra–Kumar equation for the distribution of transmission eigenvalues has been solved exactly, in the absence of time-reversal symmetry. Comparison with the previous prediction of random-matrix theory shows that this prediction was highly accurate but not exact: the repulsion of the smallest eigenvalues was overestimated by a factor of two. This factor of two resolves several disturbing discrepancies between random-matrix theory and microscopic calculations, notably in the magnitude of the universal conductance fluctuations in the metallic regime, and in the width of the log-normal conductance distribution in the insulating regime.
CHARACTERIZATION AND MICRO-RAMAN STUDIES OF Bi2−xPbxSr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6) SUPERCONDUCTOR
Authors: SINHA U. , SATHAIAH S. , SONI R. N. , BIST H. D. , MATHUR S. C. , DUBE D. C.
Published: November 2004

The X-ray diffraction (XRD), ac susceptibility, dc resistivity, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements on Bi 2−x Pb x Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10+δ (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6) superconductors have been correlated with the Raman scattering studies. Remarkable increases in the transition temperature and percentage volume of high T c phase are found till x = 0.4. Raman spectra also reveal dramatic changes at x = 0.4 in the phonon modes at 625 and 460 cm −1 associated with oxygen vibrations in BiO plane and apical oxygen of CuO 5 pyramid, respectively. The observed changes have been attributed to the phenomenon of oxygen redistribution among various layers. Optimum solubility limit of Pb substitution is found to be x = 0.4.
ON CONSTRUCTION OF POISSON BRACKETS AND DYNAMICS OF LIQUID CRYSTALS
Authors: ISAYEV A. A. , Yu. KOVALEVSKY M. , PELETMINSKY S. V.
Published: November 2004

Dynamics of classical continuum and of some liquid crystal phases are considered in the Hamiltonian approach. Poisson brackets for variables of liquid crystals are obtained as subalgebras of the general algebra of continuum dynamic variables.
MINIMAL PUMP ENERGY IN A SEMICONDUCTOR LASER WITH COHERENT FEEDBACK
Authors: GRADO CAFFARO M. A. , GRADO CAFFARO M.
Published: November 2004

An expression of the carrier density in a laser diode for minimum pump energy is derived in the context of optical coherent feedback. At the same time, a formula for the above energy is obtained. In addition, these results are compared with previous work.
THRESHOLD VALUE FOR A SYMMETRY BREAKING EXTERNAL FIELD
Authors: MALINOWSKI S.
Published: November 2004

We discuss the problem of determination of the threshold value of external magnetic field breaking the ground state symmetry of a magnetic crystal. It is shown that for some magnetic crystals the threshold value of the field can be determined through relations between Peltier and Seebeck coefficients. An experiment to measure the threshold value of the field is proposed.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF AuAl2, AuGa2, AuIn2, AND PtGa2
Authors: HSU LI-SHING
Published: November 2004

The structural, electronic, magnetic, and optical properties of AuAl 2, AuGa 2, AuIn 2, and PtGa2 are reviewed. These experimental results are compared with the values of the density of states at the Fermi level derived from band-structure calculations. The so-called “ AuGa 2 dilemma” and the controversial positions of the Au 5d bands in AuAl 2, AuGa 2, and AuIn 2 are discussed. The physical properties of PtGa 2 are summarized and compared with those of the Au intermetallic compounds. Recent researches on the growth and characterization of these compounds in thin-film form are also presented.
DETAILS ON THE “LIMIT” MODEL OF CuO2 PLANES
Authors: MATTIS DANIEL C.
Published: November 2004

We discuss a limiting procedure for solving for the electronic states in the standard tight-binding model of electrons in a CuO 2 plane, in which all contributions O (t2/U) are retained while all higher order terms are rejected. This limiting process yields the exact results in strong coupling, and uncovers a variety of quasiparticles: fermions with and without dispersion, localized spin-1 triplets, their interactions, but no superconductivity. In this paper we fill in some minor details and give a lower bound to the ground state energy valid at all ratios of t/U. We discuss the dynamic process by which two triplets can annihilate, and show that their lifetime is inversely proportional to their energy.
DOUBLE STEP BEHAVIOR OF THE CRITICAL CURRENT VERSUS MAGNETIC FIELD IN A BULK JOSEPHSON MEDIUM
Authors: D’YACHENKO A.I.
Published: November 2004

This paper discusses the physics of the influence of a strong magnetic field H on the high T c metal ceramic critical current J c . The problem of boundary conditions for a surface current value in hard superconductors is analyzed. It is shown that if Abrikosov vortices in granules are rigidly pinned, the J c vs H dependence has a plateau region of relatively constant critical current. The hysteresis of ceramic critical current is calculated on the basis of the Josephson weak link model.
FULLERENES ON METAL AND SEMICONDUCTOR SURFACES: SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY STUDIES
Authors: WANG XIANG-DONG , HASHIZUME T. , SAKURAI T.
Published: November 2004

In this paper, we review our recent scanning tunnelling microscopy studies of fullerenes C 60 and C 70. We focus our work on adsorption and reaction of these fullerenes on Si(111)7×7 and Si (100)2×1 semiconductor surfaces, as well as on Cu (111)1×1 and Ag (111)1×1 noble metal surfaces. By using STM, the adsorption geometry and reconstructions of fullerenes are directly observed on these surfaces, and the intramolecular structures are revealed in high resolution STM images. It is found that fullerenes are strongly bonded to the Si(100) and Si(111) surfaces so that the free rotation of C 60 and C 70 in their bulk phases is stopped. Local orderings with c(3×4) and c(4×4) reconstructions are observed for the first layer of C60 on the Si(100) surface. Well-ordered crystalline multilayer films can be formed on the Si(100) surface. The intramolecular structures observed for C 60 on the Si(100) surface are interpreted based on the local charge distribution on the molecule, in good agreement with a recent theoretical calculation. The Cu (111)1×1 and Ag (111)1×1 surfaces are found to be good substrates for ordered C60 and C 70 film growth. While the interaction of fullerenes with Ag(111) surface is weaker than that on the Cu(111) surface, rotation of C 60 in bulk phase is stopped on both surfaces. Well-ordered commensurate reconstructions are observed for C 60 and C 70 on both surfaces. Bias-voltage-dependent intramolecular structures are observed for the first layer of both C60 and C 70, which reveal the local charge density distribution on these molecules. The results are in good agreement with a recent theoretical calculation. The interesting behavior of the C 60/ C 70 mixture on Cu(111) surface is also reported.
ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF FLUORESCENCE SPECTRUM OF A TWO-LEVEL ATOM INTERACTING WITH AN EVEN COHERENT STATE
Authors: JOSHI AMITABH
Published: November 2004

The fluorescence spectrum of a two-level atom interacting with a quantized cavity field in an even coherent state, an eigenstate of two-photon annihilation operator, is investigated and compared with the spectral features obtained in an ordinary coherent state. Differences in the quality of these spectra are attributed to the interference effect present in the even coherent state.
VARIATIONS ON THE THEME OF DIFFUSION-LIMITED GROWTH
Authors: LOUIS E. , PLA O. , SANDER L. M. , GUINEA F.
Published: November 2004

The instabilities arising in various growth systems based on diffussion-limited aggregation are discussed. It is shown that a linear analysis à la Mullins-Sekerka is useful as it gives a hint on the complexity of the patterns to be generated in the nonlinear regime. As the only general analytical technique which can be applied to all of them, it can provide simple classification schemes.
STRUCTURAL ASPECTS AND SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN Nd1−xCaxBa2Cu3O7-δ
Authors: VLASOV M. , GANGULI A.K.
Published: November 2004

Superconducting cuprates of Nd 1−x Ca x Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ (up to x=0.3) have been prepared using Ba ( NO 3)2 as the source of Ba. Optimal annealing conditions to obtain high T c ’s involve cooling the as-prepared cuprate from 940º C to 600º C at 70ºC/h in oxygen (fast cooling), followed by slow cooling (12ºC/h) to room temperature. The T c decreases gradually from 84 K to 75 K for x=0.0 to x=0.3, while the oxygen content remains close to 7.
CHAPMAN-ENSKOG EXPANSION FOR A DISCRETE VELOCITY MODEL OF A GAS MIXTURE WITH BI-MOLECULAR CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Authors: MONACO R. , BIANCHI M. PANDOLFI , ROSSANI A.
Published: November 2004

We propose a new discrete velocity model of the Boltzmann equation for a mixture of four gases admitting particle elastic collisions and bi-molecular chemical reactions. We first prove an H-theorem and determine the thermodynamical equilibrium state. A Chapman-Enskog expansion on the kinetic equations is then performed, deriving both the Euler and the Navier-Stokes equations of the model. Finally the transport coefficients of diffusivity and viscosity are provided as well.
SINGULAR PERTURBATION AND INTERPOLATION
Authors: BAIOCCHI C. , SAVARÉ G.
Published: November 2004

It is well known that the rate of convergence of the solution uε of a singular perturbed problem to the solution u of the unperturbed equation can be measured in terms of the “smoothness” of u; smoothness which, in turn, can be expressed in terms of linear interpolation theory. We want to prove a closer relationship between interpolation and singular perturbations, showing that interpolate spaces can be characterized by such a rate of convergence. Furthermore, with respect to a suitable (quite natural) definition of interpolation between convex sets, such a characterization holds true also in the framework of variational inequalities.
HYPERBOLICITY OF GRAD’S EXTENSION OF HYDRODYNAMIC MODELS FOR IONOSPHERIC PLASMA PART I: THE SINGLE SPECIES CASE
Authors: CORDIER STEPHANE
Published: November 2004

We present the fluid equations derived by Schunck following Grad’s approach to solve Boltzmann equation for near Maxwellian distribution functions. We study the hyperbolic part of these systems usually referred to as five-, eight-, 10-, 13- and 16-moment approximation. We show that the hyperbolicity of the systems involving the heat flux as an independent variable always requires a limitation on the heat flux. This limitation fails in the auroral ionospheric zones for the terrestrial plasma.
A NEW METHOD FOR THE SOLUTION OF AN INVERSE PROBLEM FOR THE WAVE EQUATION
Authors: AGOSHKOV V.I. , MAGGIO F.
Published: November 2004

In this paper we consider an inverse problem for the wave equation. We prove the solvability of the problem and derive the iterative process for the computation of the approximate solution. We present the results of two numerical experiments.
PROJECTION DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION METHOD
Authors: AGOSHKOV V.I. , OVTCHINNIKOV E.
Published: November 2004

A domain decomposition method using the projection approach is considered. The original elliptic problem is transformed to a set of analogous problems in subdomains and an abstract equation on the interface between subdomains, the latter being solved using Galerkin projection method with some special basis functions defined on the interface. The condition number of the matrix of the resulting discrete problem is shown to be independent of both the number of basis functions and the coefficients of the original problem. Problems in subdomains can be solved independently with different solvers.
A GEOMETRICAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE STATICS OF MATERIALS WITH MICROSTRUCTURE
Authors: SEGEV REUVEN
Published: November 2004

A geometrical framework for the formulations of the invariant mechanical theories of materials with microstructure is presented. The suggested framework is based on the construction of an infinite-dimensional manifold containing the configurations of the body. Each configuration includes both the macro- and the micro-states of the body. The notions of forces, stresses, balance laws and latent microstructure are discussed. Liquid crystals are used as an example.
EFFECT OF RADIATIVE TAILS ON BLACK HOLE INTERIORS
Authors: ISRAEL WERNER
Published: November 2004

Nonspherical collapse to a black hole leaves a wake of gravitational waves. Externally, this rapidly dies away. But it has a marked effect on the hole’s internal structure as it is blueshifted near the inner horizon. This article surveys recent attempts to understand the nature of these effects using idealized models.
FINITENESS OF N=1 SUPERGRAVITY
Authors: D’EATH P.D.
Published: November 2004

The only bosonic states in N=1 quantum supergravity are shown, using a canonical approach, to be of the form exp (±I/ħ), where I is an action functional of the three-metric. Fermionic states are similarly restricted. All physical states are given by finite expressions. In the case of spatial topology S3, the bosonic state exp (−I/ħ) may be the wormhole ground state. However, there is apparently no Hartle-Hawking state. These results give an indication that Feynman-diagram perturbation theory for N=1 supergravity might be finite at all orders beyond one loop.
TOPOLOGICAL MEASURE AND GRAPH-DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY ON THE QUOTIENT SPACE OF CONNECTIONS
Authors: LEWANDOWSKI JERZY
Published: November 2004

Integral calculus on the space [Formula: see text] of gauge equivalent connections is developed. By carring out a non-linear generalization of the theory of cylindrical measures on topological vector spaces, a faithfull, diffeomorphism invariant measure is introduced on a suitable completion of [Formula: see text]. The strip (i.e. momentum) operators are densely-defined in the resulting Hilbert space and interact with the measure correctly
LOCAL MODES, LOCAL VACUUM, LOCAL BOGOLJUBOV COEFFICIENTS AND THE RENORMALISED STRESS TENSOR
Authors: MASSAR S.
Published: November 2004

Local modes and local particles are defined at any point in curved space time as those that most resemble Minkowsky modes at that point. It is shown that the renormalised stress tensor is the difference of energy between the physical vacuum and that defined by these local modes.
DEFORMATION OF CFT BEYOND THE FIRST ORDER AND CLOSED STRING FIELD THEORY
Authors: PELTS GREGORY
Published: November 2004

A self-consistent string field theory with interaction is formulated. The symmetry algebra of this theory includes, in the low-energy limit, local space-time symmetries, and the Brans-Dicke equation describes a class of low-energy solutions.
A NEW EXTENSION OF GENERAL RELATIVISTIC THEORY
Authors: YAZAKI MASATOSHI
Published: November 2004

The possibility of a new extension of the general relativistc theory will be considered using Finsler geometry. The extension of Einstein’s general relativity can be expected to regard gravitational, electroweak, and strong interactive fields as geometrical structure of a spacetime based on Finsler geometry. Indeed, it will be shown that this theory can include the general theory of relativity under a certain special condition. In addition, Maxwell’s equations will be expressed using new metric representations of the electromagnetic vector and its tensor. Moreover, it will be suggested that this theory may include metric representations of weak and strong interactive fields.
COSMOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS AND THEIR EFFECTIVE PROPERTIES OF MATTER IN KALUZA-KLEIN THEORY
Authors: LIU HONGYA , WESSON PAUL S.
Published: November 2004

We derive a “wave-like” class of exact cosmological solutions of the apparently empty 5D Kaluza-Klein field equations. Here by “wave-like” we mean that the solutions look like plane waves propagating in the fifth dimension. In the interpretation that the fifth dimension in Kaluza-Klein theory may induce matter in four dimensions, we then calculate the effective energy density ρ and pressure p, and study in detail the case for which the equation of state is p=γρ (where γ is an arbitrary constant). We show that for both the matter-dominated (γ=0) and radiation-dominated (γ=1/3) eras of the universe, the 4D spacetime defined by hypersurfaces of the 5D metrics are just the same as those of the standard Friedmann-Robertson-Walker models of general relativity. However, in our models the big bang is like a shock wave propagating along the fifth dimension, and different observers can measure different ages for the universe. This property may be tested using the spread in ages of astrophysical objects such as globular clusters.
HIGH SPIN ISOBARIC ANALOGUE STATES
Authors: CHAN TSAN UNG
Published: November 2004

The energy difference between members of the Pairing Triplet could be understood in the framework of charge independence. In the case of two-nucleon analogue stretched states, an estimation more refined than the addition rule is suggested to calculate the energy of pn or 2p states when the energy of 2n states is known. εc, defined as the difference between the residual energies of 2n and 2p states, could be interpreted as the Coulomb interaction between the two protons of the pair. The mean distances between the two nucleons, coupled to their minimum spin value and to their maximum spin value, could then be deduced illustrating the Pauli principle. Mirror members of an isospin triplet have similar lifetime and branching ratios, while the Tz=0 member has quite different properties due to the nonconservation of isospin in electromagnetic interaction. The [Formula: see text] state of the Tz=0 nuclei should decay through M1 transition of about 3 MeV to the [Formula: see text] state, and should have a short lifetime of about 1 fs. Charge independence could be tested by populating high-spin two-nucleon stretched states with 36Ar as the projectile. Proton-rich beam would be of interest to form mirror compound nucleus. Both compound nucleus and mirror compound nucleus would preferentially evaporate protons.
THE RESIDUAL p-n INTERACTION IN ODD-ODD DEFORMED NUCLEI
Authors: NOSEK D. , KVASIL J. , SHELINE R.K. , SOOD P.C. , NOSKOVÁ J.
Published: November 2004

The residual p-n interaction in doubly odd deformed nuclei is examined in the framework of the unified model. Extensive experimental information about the Gallagher-Moszkowski splitting energies and Newby shifts in the rare-earth and actinide regions is used to deduce empirical parameters of the residual p-n interaction. Delta interaction and Gaussian-shape radial potential are assumed, Empirical p-n parameters are discussed and compared with previously deduced parameters. For the first time, errors in the parameters are estimated and special attention is paid to parameter significance.
THE ODD-A Ac NUCLEI — TESTS OF NUCLEAR MODELS
Authors: SHELINE RAYMOND K. , LIANG C.F. , PARIS P.
Published: November 2004

The remarkable features of the spectra of the odd-A Ac isotopes from 215Ac (with 126 neutrons) through 231Ac (with 142 neutrons) serve as a sequence of examples for the application of a variety of nuclear models. As the shapes vary from spherical to spherical with strong octupole correlations to octupole-deformed, the corresponding symmetry breaking leads to increasingly complex spectra. The spectrum of 215Ac can be described in terms of the shell model configurations π(h9/2)4f7/2 and π(h9/2)4i13/2. However, even in this 126-neutron nucleus there is already a strongly enhanced E3 transition. The spectra of 217Ac and 219Ac can be interpreted in terms of the weak coupling of the h9/2 proton to the 216Ra and 218Ra cores, respectively. However, the existence of parity doublet bands (same spins but opposite parities) in 219At and the interleaving of positive and negative states in 218Ra clearly demonstrate the increasing importance of octupole deformation. Parity doublet bands are also present in the spectra of 221Ac. However, in both 219Ac and 221Ac the positive parity members of the parity doublets appear to cut off before reaching the low spin values expected from the negative parity bands. In 223Ac, 225Ac, and 227Ac the experimental spectra clearly show the existence of parity doublet bands built on the parity mixed configurations 5/2±(0.0; −0.2) and 3/2±(0.0; −0.3). The fact that the ordering of these two configurations changes for 223Ac results from decreasing quadrupole deformation. Other spectroscopic properties also confirm octupole deformation in these three isotopes. In 229Ac and 231Ac the only detailed but limited spectroscopic information comes from the (t, α) reaction on 230Th and 232Th. While it is consistent with the presence of parity doublets, much more detailed spectroscopic studies could give information about the possible coexistence of reflection asymmetry and reflection symmetry in these nuclei.
On mixed‐type reverse‐order laws for the Moore‐Penrose inverse of a matrix product
Authors: Tian Yongge
Published: November 2004

Some mixed‐type reverse‐order laws for the Moore‐Penrose inverse
of a matrix product are established. Necessary and sufficient
conditions for these laws to hold are found by the matrix rank
method. Some applications and extensions of these reverse‐order
laws to the weighted Moore‐Penrose inverse are also given.
Presenilin 1 and Cadherins: Stabilization of Cell-Cell Adhesion and Proteolysis-Dependent Regulation of Transcription
Authors: Parisiadou Loukia , Fassa Angeliki , Fotinopoulou Angeliki , Bethani Ioanna , Efthimiopoulos Spiros
Published: November 2004

Presenilin-1 (PS1) has gained intensive attention in relation to Alzheimer’s disease, since it has been shown that PS1 mutations are linked to familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD), and that PS1 is a member of the high molecular weight complex of γ-secretase, which generates the carboxyl end of β-amyloid peptide (γ-cleavage). A parallel line of evidence suggests that upon formation of cell-cell contacts, presenilin colocalizes with cadherins at the cell surface and stabilizes the cadherin-based adhesion complex. Under conditions stimulating cell-cell dissociation, cadherins are processed by a PS1/γ-secretase activity, promoting disassembly of adherens junctions, and resulting in the increase of cytosolic β-catenin, which is an important regulator of the Wnt/Wingless signaling pathway. PS1 also controls the cleavage of a number of transmembrane proteins at the interface of their transmembrane and cytosolic domains (Ε-cleavage), producing intracellular fragments with a putative transcriptional role. Remarkably, cleavage of N-cadherin by PS1 produces an intracellular fragment that downregulates CREB-mediated transcription, indicating a role of PS1 in gene expression. PS1 mutations associated with FAD abolish production of the N-cadherin intracellular fragment and thus fail to suppress CREB-dependent transcription. These findings suggest an alternative explanation for FAD that is separate from the widely accepted ‘amyloid hypothesis’: dysfunction in transcription regulatory mechanisms.
Clinical and Molecular Aspects of Frontotemporal Dementia
Authors: Froelich-Fabre Susanne , Skoglund Lena , Ostojic Jovanka , Kilander Lena , Lindau Maria , Glaser Anna , Basun Hans , Lannfelt Lars
Published: November 2004

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a neurodegenerative disease and next to Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia, the third most common cause of early-onset progressive dementia. FTD leads to neurodegeneration in the frontal and temporal neocortex and usually encompasses both sides of the frontal and anterior temporal lobes. Psychologically, FTD is characterized by personality changes such as lack of insight, inappropriate behaviour, disinhibition, apathy, executive disabilities and a decline in cognitive functions, with large clinical and neuropathological variations among cases. Neuropathological characteristics include gliosis or microvacuolation of cortical nerve cells. Inclusions staining for tau protein and/or ubiquitin are also common findings. Both sporadic and hereditary forms of FTD have been identified and 30–50% of the FTD cases have a familial background. So far, at least three genetic loci for FTD have been identified, at human chromosomes 3, 9 and 17 in familial forms of the disease. A large number of the familial forms have been linked to chromosome 17q21 and referred to as frontotemporal dementia and Parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17. In the majority of these families, pathogenic mutations in the tau gene were identified. However, tau mutations seem to be a rare cause of disease in the general FTD population. Thus, other genes and/or environmental factors are yet to be identified, which will give further clues to this complex and heterogeneous disorder.
Lithium Decreases Secretion of Aβ1–42 and C-Truncated Species Aβ1–37/38/39/40 in Chicken Telencephalic Cultures but Specifically Increases Intracellular Aβ1–38
Authors: Esselmann H. , Maler J.M. , Kunz N. , Otto M. , Paul S. , Lewczuk P. , Rüther E. , Kornhuber J. , Wiltfang J.
Published: November 2004

We studied endogenous amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing and amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide formation in primary chicken telencephalic neurons, because their Aβ peptide sequence is identical to humans. As detected by quantitative Aβ-SDS-PAGE/immunoblot, Aβ peptides 1–40/42 and three additional C-truncated species, namely Aβ1–37/38/39 were regularly released into the supernatant. The highly conserved Aβ quintet strongly resembles the pattern of Aβ peptides found in human cerebrospinal fluid. Furthermore, the C-terminally shorter Aβ peptides 1–33/34 could be readily detected. Recent evidence indicates that lithium specifically inhibits secretion of the amyloidogenic Aβ1–42 peptide in cultured permanent cells transfected with human APP. We therefore investigated the effect of lithium on Aβ peptide secretion as well as intracellular Aβ peptides in our untransfected primary cell culture system. Our data shows that lithium leads to a dose-dependent reduction of Aβ1–37/38/39/40/42 secretion. Surprisingly, intracellular analysis revealed that lithium specifically increases a band comigrating with synthetic Aβ1–38 while Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42 remained almost unaffected. These results demonstrate for the first time that lithium treatment decreases Aβ peptide secretion in primary chicken neuronal cells but specifically elevates intracellular Aβ1–38. Therefore, we conclude that there are two independent mechanisms of lithium in intra- and extracellular Aβ peptide production.
Differential requirements for calcium and Src family kinases in platelet GPIIb/IIIa activation and thromboxane generation downstream of different G-protein pathways
Authors: Dorsam Robert T. , Kim Soochong , Murugappan Swaminathan , Rachoor Swathi , Shankar Haripriya , Jin Jianguo , Kunapuli Satya P.
Published: November 2004

G12/13 or Gq signaling pathways activate platelet GPIIb/IIIa when combined with Gi signaling. We tested whether combined Gi and Gz pathways also cause GPIIb/IIIa activation and compared the signaling requirements of these events. Platelet aggregation occurred by combined stimulation of Gi and Gz pathways in human platelets and in P2Y1-deficient and Gαq-deficient mouse platelets, confirming that the combination of Gi and Gz signaling causes platelet aggregation. When Gi stimulation was combined with Gz stimulation, there was a small mobilization of intracellular calcium. Chelation of intracellular calcium decreased the extent of this platelet aggregation, whereas it abolished the Gq plus Gi-mediated platelet aggregation. Costimulation of Gi plus Gz pathways also caused thromboxane generation that was dependent on outside-in signaling and was inhibited by PP2, a Src family tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Src family tyrosine kinase inhibitors also inhibited platelet aggregation and decreased the PAC-1 binding caused by costimulation of Gi and Gz signaling pathways in aspirin-treated platelets. However, Src family kinase inhibitors did not affect Gq plus Gi-mediated platelet aggregation. We conclude that the combination of Gi plus Gz pathways have different requirements than Gq plus Gi pathways for calcium and Src family kinases in GPIIb/IIIa activation and thromboxane production.
Donor T-cell production of RANTES significantly contributes to the development of idiopathic pneumonia syndrome after allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Hildebrandt Gerhard C. , Olkiewicz Krystyna M. , Choi Sung , Corrion Leigh A. , Clouthier Shawn G. , Liu Chen , Serody Jonathan S. , Cooke Kenneth R.
Published: November 2004

Idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS) is a major cause of mortality following allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). Clinical and experimental data support a role for conditioning-induced inflammation and alloreactive T-cell responses in IPS pathophysiology, but the mechanisms by which donor leukocytes are ultimately recruited to the lung are not fully understood. RANTES is a chemokine ligand that is up-regulated during inflammation and promotes the recruitment of T cells and macrophages to sites of tissue damage. Using a lethally irradiated murine SCT model (B6 → B6D2F1), we evaluated the role of donor leukocyte–derived RANTES in the development of IPS. Pulmonary mRNA and protein levels of RANTES were significantly elevated in allo-SCT recipients compared to syngeneic controls and were associated with enhanced mRNA expression of CCR5 and CCR1 and with inflammatory cell infiltration into the lung. Allo-SCT with RANTES-/- donor cells significantly decreased IPS and improved survival. Combinations of allogeneic wild-type or RANTES-/- bone marrow with wild-type or RANTES-/- T cells demonstrated that the expression of RANTES by donor T cells was critical to the development of lung injury after SCT. These data reveal that donor T cells can help regulate leukocyte recruitment to the lung after allo-SCT and provide a possible mechanism through which inflammation engendered by SCT conditioning regimens is linked to allo-specific T-cell responses during the development of IPS.
The impact of discharge to a care home on longer term stroke outcomes
Authors: Leeds Lesley , Meara Jolyon , Hobson Peter
Published: November 2004

Objective: To examine the impact of discharge to a care home on the longer term recovery after stroke.

Design: An uncontrolled naturalistic study of stroke survivors, matched for stroke severity, discharged from a stroke rehabilitation unit to either a care home (n=65) or to their own home (n=65). Stroke-related variables were assessed in both groups shortly before discharge and again at six months after discharge.

Setting: A stroke rehabilitation unit, care homes in the community and subjects' own homes.

Outcome measures: Functional activities of daily living (ADL), cognitive function, depression, health service utilization, health-related quality of life.

Results: Despite low levels of rehabilitation in both groups, at six months subjects discharged home had a better functional improvement in ADL (Barthel score 14.9 compared with 10.8) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) (five-item EuroQol score 0.60 compared with 0.35).

Conclusions: Poorer outcome in subjects discharged to care homes may be remediable and could respond to better rehabilitative efforts and increased social support and encouragement for this group of stroke survivors.
A Rare Case of Streptomycin-Induced Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in a Patient with Tuberculosis: A Therapeutic Dilemma
Authors: Hmouda Houssem , Laouani-Kechrid Chedia , Karoui Mohamed Nejib , Denguezli Mohamed , Nouira Rafia , Ghannouchi Ghazi
Published: November 2004

OBJECTIVE:

To report a case of streptomycin-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN).

CASE SUMMARY:

A 55-year-old woman was admitted for treatment of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). She was given standard oral anti-TB chemotherapy including isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin. On the fourth day of therapy, she experienced high fever at 39 °C, chills, vomiting, pruritus, and diffuse erythema, followed by extensive bullae formation and skin denudation. Diagnosis of TEN was considered, and all anti-TB drugs were discontinued. Skin biopsy disclosed complete epidermal necrosis with dermal—epidermal cleavage and absence of inflammatory infiltrate, highly suggestive of TEN. The patient was transferred to the intensive care unit. Her general condition and skin lesions improved. A staged-fashion exposure test to the 4 anti-TB drugs allowed the incrimination of streptomycin as the offending agent.

DISCUSSION:

Anti-TB drugs, mainly rifampin, ethambutol, and isoniazid, have been incriminated in TEN. Streptomycin-induced TEN remains an extremely rare event. However, minor allergic skin reactions (rash, urticaria) have been described with this drug. Our patient presents a rare case of streptomycin-related TEN. Even though dangerous, a step-wise exposure test was necessary to allow safe treatment of active pulmonary TB. It also provided a strong argument of a cause—effect relationship between TEN and streptomycin. An objective causality assessment using the Naranjo rating scale revealed that the adverse drug event was highly probable.

CONCLUSIONS:

Streptomycin should be added to the list of drugs that induce TEN.