bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caracterização das Conferências de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional no estado da Bahia no período de 2007-2015
Authors: Souza Dejanira Alves de , Ramos Flávia Pascoal , Santos Sandra Maria Chaves dos
Published: July 2022

O Sistema Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional - SISAN, instituído em 2006, pressupõe a realização de conferências públicas em todas as esferas de governo.  O estado da Bahia realizou cinco edições de Conferências de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (CSAN). O estudo objetivou caracterizar a dinâmica participativa de três edições das CSAN e as proposições emanadas a cada edição. Trata-se de estudo documental, que analisou os relatórios disponíveis das 3ª, 4ª e 5ª edições das CSAN realizadas nas etapas municipais, regionais, territoriais e estadual nos anos de 2007, 2011 e 2015, respectivamente.  As proposições foram classificadas pelas dimensões da SAN (disponibilidade, acesso, consumo e utilização biológica de alimentos) e a dimensão transversal.  Os resultados demonstraram: variação na dinâmica participativa dos municípios e territórios de uma edição para outra, com a 5ª edição, de 2015, registrando maior quantidade de municípios e 100% de participação dos territórios, sendo a mais propositiva das edições estudadas; todas as dimensões de SAN foram debatidas e contempladas nas três edições das CSAN; a 3ª edição realizada em 2007 foi a menos propositiva; a dimensão disponibilidade de alimentos obteve o maior número de proposições do total das três edições, seguida da dimensão consumo de alimentos. Conclui-se que as conferências geraram proposições relevantes para a formulação de políticas de interesse para a SAN na Bahia.
Alfabetização Científica ou Letramento Científico? Uma investigação sobre os caminhos para a educação científica
Authors: Silva Salete da , Fusinato Polônia Altoé
Published: July 2022

Como parte do desafio emergente de se buscar caminhos para propiciar aos alunos/cidadãos o desenvolvimento da educação científica, os termos Alfabetização Científica (AC), adotado da literatura espanhola, e Letramento Científico (LC), traduzido do inglês, têm sido mencionados por diversos autores, algumas vezes para designar o mesmo contexto, em outras, para estabelecer distinção. E nos documentos que regem o Programa de Avaliação de Estudantes (PISA), que oferece informações sobre o desempenho dos estudantes na faixa etária dos 15 anos, esta questão é contemplada? Tal indagação se estende também à Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), referência obrigatória para elaboração dos currículos escolares e propostas pedagógicas para todo os níveis de ensino. Dessa forma, devido à polissemia que tem cercado o uso destes vocábulos, julgamos necessária esta pesquisa, a fim de compreendermos os conceitos que a eles são atribuídos, em que contextos são utilizados e, a partir disto, selecionarmos aquele que melhor se adapta aos nossos estudos na área de Ciências. Este estudo tem caráter qualitativo e, quanto ao procedimento, faremos uso da pesquisa bibliográfica. Em face das concepções encontradas, optamos pelo uso do termo Alfabetização Científica, na perspectiva de Sasseron, uma vez que concordamos com a visão da autora, embora seja necessário levar em conta que, em documentos oficiais, que regem o ensino na educação básica, e em programas de avaliação de aprendizagem, é adotado o termo Letramento Científico.
Prevalência e incidência da violência física em mulheres adultas atendidas nos serviços de saúde da América Latina: protocolo de revisão sistemática
Authors: Magalhães Bruna de Souza , Silva Michelle Campos da , Evangelista Renata Alessandra , Bueno Alexandre de Assis , Silva Luiz Almeida da
Published: July 2022

Introdução: Mediante sua magnitude e abrangência, a violência contra mulher, constituída como um problema de saúde pública, necessita de uma assistência especializada e de qualidade, ofertada por uma rede integrada e articulada, com os atendimentos orientados por tecnologias e ferramentas gerenciais. Objetivo: sistematizar a prevalência e incidência de violência física em mulheres adultas nos serviços de saúde da América Latina. Método: Trata-se de um protocolo de revisão sistemática de literatura orientada pelo Joanna Briggs Institute for Systematic reviews of prevalence and incidence, através da busca nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE e Web of Science, assim como, na literatura cinzenta, com vistas a responder a pergunta norteadora: “Qual a prevalência e incidência da violência física em mulheres adultas atendidas nos serviços de saúde da América Latina?”. A revisão irá elucidar especificamente, as seguintes questões: Quais mulheres (raça / cor / idade / religião (moradia) / escolaridade) foram mais vítimas da violência? Quais os segmentos corporais foram mais acometidos? Qual o protocolo de atendimento à mulher vítima de violência? Qual o fluxo de encaminhamento para o serviço de saúde das mulheres vítimas de violência? Para tanto, o processo de desenvolvimento deste protocolo seguirá as seguintes etapas: pergunta de revisão, critérios de inclusão/exclusão, estratégia de pesquisa, seleção de estudos, extração de dados, síntese de dados, e avaliação da qualidade metodológica.
Modulação da microbiota intestinal na infância e suas interferências no sistema imunológico
Authors: Martins Letícia Duque Estrada de Souza
Published: July 2022

Descrever a influência da alimentação no processo de disbiose intestinal e alergias alimentares. Propõe-se, assim através de uma revisão da literatura, investigar crianças, no período da primeira infância e gestantes, visto que o processo de colonização começa desde o período intrauterino, possibilitando uma maior compreensão dos fenômenos interligados com as comorbidades abordadas através de busca nas bases de dados da Scielo, Sicence Direct, NCBI, bases de dados de universidades, PUBMED, livros, jornais e revistas. Dentre os critérios de inclusão, cita-se: publicação nos últimos 10 anos, literatura nacional e internacional e que estivesse relacionado ao objetivo proposto. Como critério de inclusão incluiu-se resumos de anais de eventos, incompletos ou que não estivessem disponíveis de forma gratuita na íntegra. Verificou-se que, nas últimas décadas, houve um aumento de alergias alimentares em crianças e constatou-se que a microbiota intestinal, está intimamente ligada ao processo de maturação do sistema imunológico. O presente trabalho mostra como os hábitos alimentares e fatores ambientais interferem na colonização intestinal e o possível desenvolvimento de alergias.
Reflexões sobre as metodologias ativas e tecnologias digitais como recursos pedagógicos no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de competências
Authors: Matos Simone Ribeiro , Mazzafera Bernadete Lema
Published: July 2022

O processo de ensino e aprendizagem, tem-se ressignificado nas últimas décadas e com isso estratégias pedagógicas se fazem presentes nos currículos docentes. Assim, as metodologias ativas são ferramentas pedagógicas que contribuem com um ensino dinâmico, uma vez que o uso dessas estratégias metodológicas aliadas às tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação (TDIC) corroboram com a formação de um estudante autônomo e protagonista no ato de aprender. Nessa perspectiva, este estudo tem como objetivo tecer reflexões sobre o uso de metodologias ativas e TDIC no desenvolvimento de competências dos estudantes, destacando-se o papel do professor nesse processo. Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica com análise qualitativa dos dados.  Sendo assim, os autores basilares são: Zabala e Arnau, Perrenoud, Carvalho, Freire, Marcuschi, entre outros que foram utilizados para fundamentar o ensino de competências a partir do uso de metodologias ativas aliados às TDIC.  Verificou-se os benefícios de um ensino por meio de metodologias ativas, bem como o papel do professor na efetivação do processo proporcionando o ensino por meio do desenvolvimento de competências. Diante disso, foi possível perceber que o planejamento do professor a partir de metodologias ativas e o uso de TDIC, colabora com o desenvolvimento de competências significativas e com a formação de estudantes ativos, críticos, protagonistas e pesquisadores no ato de aprender a saber e fazer em sala de aula e no âmbito social.
Limites e possibilidades da aplicação da Gestão do Conhecimento em política pública de lazer
Authors: Melo Cristina Carvalho de , Couto Ana Cláudia Porfírio
Published: July 2022

Tendo em vista a criação de políticas públicas para atendimento ao direito social ao lazer, o volume e a relevância do conhecimento produzido na implantação, torna-se importante pensar em estratégias para gerenciar os conhecimentos adquiridos nestes projetos. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar os limites e as possibilidades da aplicação da Gestão do Conhecimento em uma política pública de lazer. Para tal, realizou-se uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa e os dados foram coletados através da metodologia survey. Os limites encontrados foram: “formação dos agentes”, “estrutura física”, “descontinuidade da equipe”, “tempo” e “falta de sistematização”. As possibilidades encontradas foram: “Sistematização”, “Continuidade e Complementaridade” e “Acesso às lições aprendidas”.  Para cada um dos limites foram apontados caminhos para minimização e para cada possibilidade, formas de potencialização.  Conclui-se que o Estado precisa encarar a Gestão do Conhecimento como uma estratégia capaz de qualificar as políticas públicas, considerando as necessidades e respostas do público beneficiário.
A Study on the Writing Method of Creativity and Reflection in University Education: In Connection with Choi In-hoon’s Theory of Creative Consciousness
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Kim Kiwoo , Shim Bokyung
Published: July 2022

This thesis is the result of research on how to help college students write a confession-style essay to eliminate their fear of creative writing and to help them achieve self-reflection. I explained and applied the process of In-Hoon Choi’s creative consciousness, judging that it was possible to systematize the path of writing consciousness and teach it so that college students could have confidence in writing. Choi In-hoon, in Hwadu , ‘Language is the clearest trajectory of the generation process of consciousness’ and ‘There was consciousness before language, but consciousness is different from the senses of animals because the generation of language is a watershed.’ is saying. Most of the students who practiced confessional writing say that they have been able to look at themselves objectively and in detail through a retrospective on the past. It is said that he was able to learn that his past mistakes were not only the object of resentment, but also the change in his emotions after confession and expectations and hopes for his future life. This reflection means that we realized the direction of life that we should strive not only to create an ethical member of society, but also to live a quality life of an individual and together with the social community.
A Study on the Portrayal of Na Hye-sok in Cha Beom-seok’s Play  and Kim Su-yong’s Film
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Cho Kyuchan
Published: July 2022

This article aims to examine the process of Na Hye-seok’s reproduction by comparing Cha Bum-seok’s  and Kim Soo-yong’s , which were not covered in the previous study, and the results are as follows. First, Cha Beom-seok’s play  focuses on revealing her beliefs and passion as an artist in the process of recreating the real Na Hye-sok. To this end, by using stage equipment, However, as an artist, he does not directly express the process of Na Hye-sok’s downfall, but briefly reveals it through the narration of Lee Ki-ja. As a result, it reveals the problem that it was tailored from a male point of view. Second, in Kim Su-yong’s movie , there is a difference in the way Na Hye-sok, the object of reproduction, is handled, even though it is based on the original play of the same name. However, by dealing with the triangular relationship centered on Na Hye-seok after the middle, the problem of the writing is not properly revealed. As such, Cha Bum-seok’s play  and Kim Soo-yong’s movie  can be found to be significant in that both works tried to faithfully show their lives as artists or new women who tried to fight in their own ways without surrendering to the dominant patriarchal concept of the time.
Sensibility Images in Gu Yeon-sik’Poetry
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Kan Hobae
Published: July 2022

Gu Yeon-sik’s second collection of poems, Senses , creates unique and diverse images by combining lyrical and emotional images with surreal techniques. In particular, this collection of poems is an important resource in that it shows the process of transformation from Korean surrealist poetry to lyrical poetry in various ways since the 1970s. Nevertheless, until now, it has received little attention from academia due to the limitations of regional literature. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine an aspect of Korean modern poetry since the 1970s through the poetic world of Gu Yeon-sik’s. The characteristic of this collection of poems is sensibility images, which are clearly expressed through the visual images of typography, surreal transformation, and the extensibility and transcendence of images. First of all, typography, a visually unique form of expression, is a form of ‘dada’, which visually arranges the structure of a poem or uses language as a sign, such as pun, to create meaning and content sensibly. And the languages of sensibility images are being transformed into abstract images by making the poetic flow difficult or deconstructing the symbols or meanings inherent in language through methods such as objects, dépaysement, and automatic description methods. In other words, in the process of concrete situations or objects being shaped into poetry, abstract images are created by combining with surreal methodologies, which ‘create’ and ‘deconstruct’ another image or meaning at the same time. In other words, the attitude to become infinitely free from the fixed meaning of the idea of objects or characters is creating an abstract image. Lastly, in the ‘Top (17)’ series, the lyrical and symbolic image of the tower is embodied by a surreal technique, thereby creating expanded and transcendent images. In other words, the lyrical images of waiting and longing, which are the symbolic meanings of the tower, merge with the surreal technique to create a grotesque and new form of poetry. Therefore, the sensibility image that appeared in Gu Yeon-sik’s poetry was created by adding surreal techniques to lyrical images, and this study could not only confirm the characteristics of Gu Yeon-sik’s poetry, but also examine the unique poetic form of Korean modernist poetry after the 1970s.
Traversing the Post-Pandemic Era and Post-War Literature: The Concept of  and Its Meaning
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Jeong Sejin
Published: July 2022

This paper focuses on the question ‘what is the greatest literary imagination that can embrace both the history of infectious diseases and the expectations of future technological innovations in the face of the approaching “post-corona” era’. In Chapter 2 I provide an outline of the recent research findings in the field of humanities, and establish that a new civilizational paradigm based on the disengagement of the ‘individual’ from ‘individual’ and the ‘individual’ from the ‘conventional social structures’ has emerged since the beginning of Corona pandemic. In Chapter 3, I focus on the polysemy of the phrase ‘flesh’ in postwar Japanese literature. I introduce Hiroshi Ichikawa’s unconventional concept of “body”, proposed in his “The Structure of the Body,” and investigate how the expression of “body” in literature has embraced the Post-war individuals cry of “flesh and establish that the expression of body ( ) is harmonious with the solipsistic thought and it transcends time. I argue that the questions raised against the conventional research paradigm, which put the focus on sexuality, also correspond to the recent issues regarding the re-inclusion into society of the “individuals” who are isolated. I conclude that dissociation of “the body” from its physical interpretation is the literary imagination needed in the approaching age of the “new normal”.
Hamartia and the Tragic Human Image in
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Kim Kijeong
Published: July 2022

Lars von Trier’s films used to surprise critics and audiences with their unique form and unconventional content. In Trier’s films, the theme of 'Exploring humanity through suffering women’ continues. In , the community’s ethics is reflected through the suffering of a stranger visiting an isolated community.  is a text that is open to various interpretations with the introduction of an unusual and unfamiliar film form, the illumination of the dark inner side of the everyday crowd, and the richness of allegory. In various interpretations, this study grasped the director's intention for the film by examining the formal aesthetics of the film, and examined the cause of the tragedy through Hamartia. As a result, the unusual formal aesthetic of , which is as if the theater stage has been moved as it is, is pursued as follows. It was to allow the audience to directly reflect on ethical issues related to people and communities by focusing on characters and events from an omniscient position. And by looking closely at the character of Grace through Hamartia, we looked into the true nature of the tragedy that comes from a reality that goes against her ideals.
A Study on the Cultural Diversity Practice of Alternative Comics: Focusing on the case of Simmel’s  and the Third Bookstore
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Song Hawon
Published: July 2022

Today, hatred and discrimination against social minorities are emerging as serious social problems. When it is necessary to transition to a diversity society where differences are respected, this study attempted to examine the meaning of alternative comics’ practice of cultural diversity. The concept and characteristics, of alternative comics, which are distinguished from commercialized mainstream comics, were analyzed, and furthermore, Georg Simmel's Stranger Theory was used as a theoretical basis to view the meaning and value of cultural diversity pursued by alternative comics. In addition, through the case analysis of the Third Bookstore , the practical capabilities of alternative comics to overcome discrimination and hatred against social minorities were examined. Alternative comics are meaningful as a minority culture that pursues diversity by resisting commercialized mainstream culture and as a cultural expression of various minority groups. In addition, alternative comics play a vital role in revealing the contradictions and vulnerabilities of society's dominant value system and mainstream culture through the characteristics of strangers claimed by Simmel, objectivity and freedom, or checking the tendency of cultural uniformity. The case of  shows a specific example of cultural diversity practice through alternative comics, and reveals the practical capabilities of alternative comics to overcome discrimination and hatred.
Predictors of Changes in Cognitive in Community-dwelling Older Adults: Using the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging Wave 1st to Wave 5th
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Cho Eunyoung , Hwang Younsun
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study was to identify the predictable factors influenced the cognitive change of the older adult living in the community by using the KLoSA(Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging) research. This study was analyzed by latent growth curve model of 1,147 people aged over 65 who participated in all the 1st to 5th study among the elderly with a K-MMSE score of 24 point or higher according to KLoSA data. As a result of the study, the cognitive of the elderly decreased over time, and the factors affecting the cognitive change in the elderly seems to be cause by gender and education level at the start point of cognitive. But factors influencing the cognitive change over time from the starting point were the hearing and education level. Various interventions are needed to prevent cognitive decline in the elderly through predictable factors that can affect to the elderly cognitive.
A Study on the Narrative Life History in the Re-territorialization Process of Divorced Marriage Migrant Women
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Kim Youngsoon , Choi Sooan , Kim Myunghee , Kwon Joseph
Published: July 2022

According to the National Statistical Office’s 2020 Marriage and Divorce Statistics (2021.3.18), the average marriage period for multicultural divorced families in 2020 is 8.7 years. the average marriage period of Korean divorced families is 17.4 years. In addition, the divorce rate of multicultural families in 2021 is 6.2%, with 4.3% of wives being foreigners and 1.9% of husbands being foreigners. In this study, to explore the reasons for divorce of multicultural divorced families when their wives are foreigners, the factors of conflict and the process of overcoming them were examined in The Re- Territorial Process of three women who divorced after migrant marriage. The research participant A tried to connect to Korea, but was frustrated by her husband’s attitude of treating her as a ‘money- buying person’, and divorced, and worked to recognize herself. The research participant B showed active reactions such as marrying her husband who worked together at the factory despite the dissuade of her mother, but she divorced her husband who changed violently. The research participant C endured husband’s violent for the child, but rather was divorced by the husband. Marriage migration is a move to a completely different territory, so Re-Territorialization is inevitable, and awareness of this Re- Territorial Process is necessary for both Korean residents and migrant women coming to Korea.
International Married Immigrants’ Settlement in Korean Society a Study on the Influencing Factors
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Sung Soona , Kim Sangwoon , Sung Suyoung , Kim Sunhee
Published: July 2022

This study analyzed the factors that negatively affect marriage immigrants' settlement in Korean society and attempted to find policy alternatives that can help stable settlement based on the needs according to the characteristics of immigrants. Based on the research results, the policy implications according to the needs of marriage immigrants are as follows. First, it is necessary to activate the operation of various Korean language education programs suitable for the characteristics and needs of marriage immigrants. Second, it is necessary to strengthen the vocational and employment education programs for marriage immigrants so that they can live an economically stable life. Third, education to improve the perception of human rights and social prejudice for marriage immigrants should be expanded to the whole nation. Lastly, it is necessary to provide necessary information so that international marriage immigrants can live on their own in Korea, and it is necessary to expand the development and operation of programs according to their local conditions and needs. In addition, it is expected that marriage immigrants and their families can be used as data to create phased and systematic support policies based on the characteristics and desires of various factors experienced in the process of settling in Korea.
An Exploratory Study on the Governance of the Climate Crisis: Focusing on 2050 Carbon Neutrality and Green Growth Commission
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Lee Myoungho
Published: July 2022

This study focuses on governance to overcome the climate crisis. It is becoming clear that the climate crisis is an ecological crisis closely linked to the survival of human being that cannot be solved by the efforts of a particular single state, government agency, or company. Also, the enironmental movements alone cannot solve that problem. Therefore, the international community and countries worldwide are seeking to resolve the climate crisis by establishing governance in which various actors participate horizontally and freely. Korean society is no exception. As a result, the Basic Act on Net- Zero was enacted. The 2050 Carbon Neutrality and Green Growth Committee was formed as a statutory body. However, the Committee is currently in crisis. First, the religions, a significant member of the Committee, disagreed with 2030 NDC(Nationally Determined Contribution) and left the Committee. Second, the new government plans to the reorganization of the Committee. However, considering the international trend of carbon neutrality, it is difficult to eliminate the Committee. Therefore, this study constructs a framework for analyzing cooperative governance, evaluates the past activities, and look at the role of religion in terms of leadership.
Pemeriksaan Refraksi Subjektif Pada Penderita Presbiopia Dengan Status Refraksi Hipermetropia Di Optik Pandanaran Semarang
Authors: Kholil Mochammad
Published: July 2022

Gangguan penglihatan jauh dan dekat dapat terjadi oleh karena beberapa macam sebab, antara lain karena presbiopia yang berkorelasi dengan Hipermetropia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana prosedur pemeriksaan refraksi subjektif pada penderita presbiopia dengan kelainan refraksi hipermetropia yang benar. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif melalui pendekatan studi kasus. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah kegiatan pemeriksaan refraksi subjektif yang tercatat dari rentang waktu 1 Desember 2021 s.d. 31 Januari 2022 di Optik Pandanaran Semarang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 369 pasien yang mengalami gangguan penglihatan di Optik Pandanaran adalah emmetropia 0%, miopia 46,7%, hipermetropia 13,8%, dan astigmatismus 25,7%. Dari jumlah tersebut diketahui  52% berusia <40 tahun dan 48% berusia ≥40 tahun. Berdasarkan jenis kelamin diketahui 46,7% berjenis kelamin laki - laki dan 53,3% berjenis kelamin perempuan. Simpulan Penetapan ukuran kacamata untuk penglihatan jauh bagi penderita Presbiopia dengan status refraksi Hipermetropia di Optik Pandanaran Semarang berlandaskan hasil koreksi visus binokuler terbaiknya.
Confucian Leadership Meets Confucian Democracy
Authors: Angle Stephen C.
Published: July 2022

Confucian democrats hold that the roles of Confucian political leaders must be rethought, just as the modern Confucian polity must shift from a monarchy to a constitutional democracy. This does not mean that modern Confucians must turn their backs on traditional Confucian views of leadership, however: the key traditional insights are still important, although to some degree they take on new significance in the new context of modern democratic Confucianism. Drawing on recent work by Joseph Chan and Elton Chan, I begin by outlining a traditional Confucian view of the ‘inspirational’ leader. Next, I unpack and then critique Jiwei Ci’s argument that Confucian leadership rests on an ‘identification model’ of agency that is incompatible with democracy. Third, I build on some of the argument from my book Contemporary Confucian Political Philosophy: Toward Progressive Confucianism to the effect that modern Confucians need to resolve a tension within traditional Confucianism by embracing a person-based democracy instead of mass-based authoritarianism. Finally, I conclude by making explicit why Confucian democracies still need leaders playing roles that are very much in the spirit of traditional Confucian leadership.
ANALYSIS FACTORS AFFECTING ON USERS SATISFACTION OF GOJEK ONLINE TRANSPORTATION IN BATAM CITY
Authors: Nainggolan Nora Pitri , Simanjuntak Jontro
Published: July 2022

This research aims to find out the influence of CRM, trust and user value on the satisfaction of online transportation users partially and simultaneously on gojek online transportation users in Batam City. The instrument used in the study to collect data was a questionnaire with a total of 394 respondents. Using validity tests and reliability tests to test data quality, multiple linear regression analysis and determination coefficient (R2) testing are used to test their effects, while t tests and F tests to test hypotheses using the help of SPSS version 25. Results from the adjusted determination coefficient (R2) test showed that CRM, trust and user value had a 12% effect on user satisfaction. While CRM (X1) affects 14.7% on user satisfaction, trust (X2) affects 19.3% on user satisfaction, and user value (X3) affects 31% of satisfaction.
Comparative Study of Repertoire Classification Methods Reveals Data Efficiency of k-mer Feature Extraction
Authors: Katayama Yotaro , Kobayashi Tetsuya J.
Published: July 2022

The repertoire of T cell receptors encodes various types of immunological information. Machine learning is indispensable for decoding such information from repertoire datasets measured by next-generation sequencing (NGS). In particular, the classification of repertoires is the most basic task, which is relevant for a variety of scientific and clinical problems. Supported by the recent appearance of large datasets, efficient but data-expensive methods have been proposed. However, it is unclear whether they can work efficiently when the available sample size is severely restricted as in practical situations. In this study, we demonstrate that their performances can be impaired substantially below critical sample sizes. To complement this drawback, we propose MotifBoost, which exploits the information of short k-mer motifs of TCRs. MotifBoost can perform the classification as efficiently as a deep learning method on large datasets while providing more stable and reliable results on small datasets. We tested MotifBoost on the four small datasets which consist of various conditions such as Cytomegalovirus (CMV), HIV, α-chain, β-chain and it consistently preserved the stability. We also clarify that the robustness of MotifBoost can be attributed to the efficiency of k-mer motifs as representation features of repertoires. Finally, by comparing the predictions of these methods, we show that the whole sequence identity and sequence motifs encode partially different information and that a combination of such complementary information is necessary for further development of repertoire analysis.
Comparison of Behavior, Histology and ImpL2 Gene Expression of Octopus sinensis Under Starvation and Senescence Conditions
Authors: Bian Li , Li Fenghui , Chang Qing , Liu Changlin , Tan Jie , Zhang Shengnong , Li Xuemei , Li Meishuai , Sun Yikang , Xu Rongjing , Chen Siqing
Published: July 2022

Offshore cephalopods usually experience a short and extreme senescence process at the end of their lives. Unique behaviors such as brooding and fasting occur during this period. The cause of senescent cephalopod death is still unknown. Excessive energy consumption under prolonged starvation is one possible reason for death. A comparison analysis between normal starvation and senescence may provide valuable information to deepen our understanding of the senescence process of cephalopods. In this study, a comparison of behavior, histology and expression of a candidate senescence-specific gene (Imaginal morphogenesis protein-Late 2, ImpL2) of female Octopus sinensis under normal starvation and senescence was conducted. The females in the starvation group had similar behaviors, histology and ImpL2 expression level to the control group. The females in the senescence group exhibited typical behaviors and symptoms of senescent octopus, including fasting and unhealed lesions on the skin. Moreover, swimming and grasping ability was weakened in senescent individuals. The muscle tissue in the mantle and arm of senescent females showed a histolytic appearance. The secretory cells and their microvilli in the digestive gland gradually degraded and disappeared during senescence. The expression level of ImpL2 gene significantly changes in multiple organs of senescent females. The results showed that O. sinensis underwent different physiological and molecular processes during starvation and senescence. Starvation alone could not lead to senescent symptoms in the octopus. Tissue degeneration in the mantle, arm and digestive gland would increase the death risk of the octopus.
Brexit and its Impact on the Co-Operation Along with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road—Assessment from Port Governance
Authors: Khan Mehran Idris , Lokhande Sumedh , Chang Yen-Chiang
Published: July 2022

Since the Brexit happened in January 2020, it is likely to impact the United Kingdom (UK) and the whole of Europe in different ways. The UK and other European countries will revise their preferences concerning fisheries, ports access and governance, and bilateral diplomatic relationships with the countries alongside the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road (MSR). However, this is not an end to uncertainties, but the beginning to show the double-edged effects of Brexit. This paper focuses on the opportunities and challenges for Sino-UK as well as European Union (EU) relations arising from Brexit. The present study considers Brexit’s impact on the MSR countries, especially China, Pakistan, and India. It examines what Brexit means for the Sino-UK/EU relationship, politically, economically, and culturally. It concludes with the potential impacts of Brexit on Sino-UK/EU trade relations, maritime security, marine resources usage, the safety of navigation, port governance and cooperation, and suggests the appropriate strategies that can be put in place to capitalise on opportunities to reap benefits while mitigating the challenges.
Neuroparsin 1 (MrNP1) and Neuroparsin 2 (MrNP2) Are Involved in the Regulation of Vitellogenesis in the Shrimp Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Authors: Ao Chun Mei , Shi Li Li , Wang Wei , Wang Cheng Gui , Chan Siuming F.
Published: July 2022

Neuroparsins (NP) are small-size cysteine-rich neuropeptides first discovered in insects. They are known to be involved in insect reproduction. In this study, we have cloned two neuroparsin cDNAs (i.e., MrNP1 and MrNP2) from the freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium rosenbergii. The two neuroparsins consist of 12 cysteines, which is characteristic of the neuroparsin family. These cysteines are arranged in identical relative positions that form 6-disulfide bonds. MrNP1 and MrNP2 are most similar to the corresponding neuroparsin counterparts of the shrimp Macrobrachium nipponense. Phylogenetic study results suggested that MrNP1 and MrNP2 are closely related to MnNP1 and MnNP3, respectively. Also, an additional MrNP gene similar to MnNP2 is expected to exist in M. rosenbergii. The MrNP1 expression level is the highest in the ovary, and MrNP2 expression is higher in the brain and heart of the females. In addition, during the ovary maturation cycle, MrNP1 expression in the hepatopancreas is highest in stage V; in the ovary it is variable. MrNP2 expression in the hepatopancreas and ovary is the highest in stage II and stage I, respectively. In vivo and in vitro bioassay experiment results indicate that MrNP1 and MrNP2 recombinant proteins can stimulate the expression of the MrVg gene. In contrast, silencing of MrNP1 and MrNP2 genes would suppress MrVg, VgR, and CyclinB gene expressions. The results indicate that the products of both genes can stimulate vitellogenesis by up-regulating the MrVg gene expression. Results from their difference in expression patterns indicate that they might have different regulatory roles in vitellogenin synthesis. Since gene silencing of either MrNP1 or MrNP2 affected the expression of the other NP, we have hypothesized that coordinated regulatory action between MrNP1 and MrNP2 may be necessary for the normal vitellogenesis in M. rosenbergii.
Enhancing Coral Settlement Through a Novel Larval Feeding Protocol
Authors: Rodd Colleen , Whalan Steve , Humphrey Craig , Harrison Peter L.
Published: July 2022

Intensifying anthropogenic stressors have contributed to declines in reef-building corals in many regions. These disturbances result in reduced live coral cover, impacting key population-level processes such as coral larval settlement and recruitment that are essential for reef recovery. Reef restoration efforts that rely on enhanced larval supply provide a pathway for the recovery of degraded reefs. However, corals at very early life stages experience high post-settlement mortality bottlenecks, which impede stock-recruitment processes. Overcoming these bottlenecks is a high priority goal in coral restoration. Some coral larvae are known to be capable of gaining exogenous nutrients. Therefore, we hypothesised that the capacity to access exogenous nutrients may confer advantages to larval survival, settlement and post-settlement success. The present study aimed to quantify the effect of larval feeding on coral larvae settlement and early post-settlement survival. We completed an ex-situ experiment using aposymbiotic larvae of two broadcast spawning reef-building coral species - Acropora tenuis and Acropora millepora. Larvae were randomly assigned to either fed or unfed treatment groups for each species. Fed larvae received homogenised Artemia once a day, for three days. Results show that for both species, feeding significantly increased larval settlement. Feeding A. millepora larvae more than doubled mean settlement (13.0 ± 1.17 SE vs 31.4 ± 2.88 SE; p <0.001). Similarly, feeding A. tenuis larvae increased mean settlement from 18.2 ( ± 1.85 SE) to 29.9 ( ± 2.22 SE; p <0.001). Larval feeding had an immediate positive effect on spat survival, such that A. millepora and A. tenuis spat from fed treatments had increased survival three days post-settlement (89.5% ± 3.75 SE vs 70.6% ± 2.59 SE, p <0.001; 88.8% ± 2.21 SE vs 71.4% ± 3.80 SE, p <0.001, respectively). Therefore, enhancing settlement and early post-settlement survival by feeding larvae homogenised Artemia has the potential to improve the effectiveness of larval rearing protocols and coral restoration efforts.
Formation and Breakdown of an Offshore Summer Cold-Water Zone and Its Effect on Phytoplankton
Authors: Li Weiqi , Zhou Xiangqian , Ge Jianzhong , Ding Pingxing , Liu Dongyan
Published: July 2022

Estuarine plume frontal zones typically form a vertical two-layer structure with low-salinity and a high-temperature plume during the summertime. However, two field surveys in the Changjiang River Estuary and its adjacent shelf waters identified a significant surface cold-water zone (CWZ) formation in the summers of 2014 and 2015. The sea surface temperature of the CWZ was 4°C lower than the multi-year summer average. Satellite images showed that the CWZ mainly appeared in the Yangtze Shoal during the periods of July 1–17, 2014, and July 3–19, 2015. A three-dimensional physical-biogeochemical coupled model was used to explore the formation mechanism of the CWZ. Our investigation revealed that an uncharacteristic northerly wind during the southerly monsoon resulted in a significant onshore retreat of the plume front. Vertical tidal mixing is stronger than the decreased stratification in the former plume-covered region, which resulted in the formation of the CWZ. This process was accompanied by relatively lower net heat flux, which also promoted CWZ formation. The formation of CWZ had a strong ecological impact; enhanced vertical mixing transported nutrients from the lower layer to the surface column, relaxing the CWZ’s phosphate limitation. CWZ formation also increased the depth of the mixed layer and turbidity level in the water column, forming a temporary light limitation in the center. At the margin of the CWZ, it formed a patch with a high concentration of chlorophyll a. The underwater light was sufficient once the plume was restored and the CWZ was stratified again, and the phytoplankton grew rapidly in the center of the CWZ.
Exploring the Pharmacological Potential of Metformin for Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Du Ming-Rui , Gao Quan-You , Liu Chen-Lin , Bai Lin-Ya , Li Tian , Wei Fei-Long
Published: July 2022

Metformin, one of the first-line of hypoglycemic drugs, has cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities, in addition to its proven hypoglycemic effects. Furthermore, the preventive and therapeutic potential of metformin for neurodegenerative diseases has become a topic of concern. Increasing research suggests that metformin can prevent the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. In recent years, many studies have investigated the neuroprotective effect of metformin in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. It has been revealed that metformin can play a neuroprotective role by regulating energy metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammatory response and protein deposition of cells, and avoiding neuronal dysfunction and neuronal death. On the contrary, some have hypothesized that metformin has a two-sided effect which may accelerate the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, the results of animal experiments and clinical studies are reviewed to discuss the application prospects of metformin in neurodegenerative diseases.
Case Report: Two Patients With EGFR Exon 20 Insertion Mutanted Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Precision Treatment Using Patient-Derived Xenografts in Zebrafish Embryos
Authors: Wang Qian , Wang Wenxian , Pan Weiwei , Lv Xiaojing , Zhang Lei , Zheng Kaiming , Tian Fang , Xu Chunwei
Published: July 2022

Background

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 20 insertion mutations are uncommon EGFR mutations and generally resistant to first- and second-generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). In precision oncology, treatment regimens are tested for improving the clinical outcomes. Zebrafish embryo tumor transplant models are used in cancer research.

Methods

We report two Chinese females who were diagnosed with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma and shown to harbor EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Then, we established lung cancer patient-derived xenografts using a zebrafish model. The tumor cells were isolated from the patient. For case one, tumor cells were collected from lymph node biopsy, while the tumor cells were obtained from the pleural effusion. Zebrafish were inoculated with tumor cells and placed in the culture medium containing the third-generation EGFR-TKI, osimertinib. Fluorescence microscope photographs were used to record the red fluorescence area, which represented the proliferation and migration of tumor cells in the zebrafish.

Results

Case one was diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma (cT4N3M1b, stage IVB) and had an EGFR exon 20 mutation (p. N771delinsHH [abundance 14.08%]). Tumor cell proliferation and migration were significantly reduced in the osimertinib group compared with the control group. The patient received first-line osimertinib (160 mg). According to RECIST v1.1, she achieved a partial response. Case two had stage IVA lung adenocarcinoma with a pleural effusion. The pleural effusion sample was selected to obtain tumor cells for injection, and the zebrafish lung cancer model was established. The proliferation of tumor cells in the osimertinib group was significantly reduced compared to the control group. The migration of tumor cells was not significantly reduced compared to the control group. The patient also received first-line osimertinib (160 mg). The lung lesions were stable, but the pleural effusion was poorly controlled.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates the applicability of a zebrafish embryos model as an innovative platform to targeted drug testing. More precise methods are needed to select treatment options in the future.
Mechanisms of carcinogenic activity triggered by lysine-specific demethylase 1A
Authors: Yang Chao , Li Dan , Zang Shaohong , Zhang Lei , Zhong Zhangfeng , Zhou Yingtang
Published: July 2022

Epigenetics has emerged as a prime focus area in the field of cancer research. Lysine-specific demethylase 1A (LSD1), the first discovered histone demethylase, is mainly responsible for catalysing demethylation of histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) and H3K9 to activate or inhibit gene transcription. LSD1 is abnormally expressed in various cancers and participates in cancer proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, invasion, drug resistance and other processes by interacting with regulatory factors. Therefore, it may serve as a potential therapeutic target for cancer. This review summarises the major oncogenic mechanisms mediated by LSD1 and provides a reference for developing novel and efficient anticancer strategies targeting LSD1.
Effects of an Online Solution-Focused Psychoeducation Programme on Children’s Emotional Resilience and Problem-Solving Skills
Authors: Özdemir Melih Burak , Bengisoy Ayşe
Published: July 2022

This study investigates the effects of a solution-oriented and approach-based psychoeducation programme, initiated in December 2019 and conducted online during the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, on children’s emotional resilience and problem-solving skills. In the world that was closed with the pandemic, children were kept away from the social support system of teachers and friends. Pandemic isolated the children. The negative experiences associated with COVID-19 have placed both traditional approaches and important online learning and support applications on the agenda, since both can help to solve the problems we face. Educators and experts have provided psychological support services, questioning the methods used to reach people during the pandemic and rediscovering alternative ways of connecting with individuals through online media. The online framework of this study emerged in response to the needs caused by the pandemic. The study is designed using a real experimental pattern and is based on a pretest-posttest, experimental/control-group model. The Social Support Evaluation Scale for Children and Teenagers was used to select the participants. In total, 18 participants were equally assigned to research groups (experiment n = 9, control n = 9). The psychoeducation programme consisted of six sessions, each lasting 50–60 min on average. Research carried out online during the pandemic shows that this psychoeducation programme is effective in strengthening students’ problem-solving and emotional resilience skills. These findings are discussed within the framework of the literature, followed by recommendations.
Exploring the Nexus Between Mindfulness, Gratitude, and Wellbeing Among Youth With the Mediating Role of Hopefulness: A South Asian Perspective
Authors: Ali Salima Barkat , Ahmad Munawar Javed , Ramzan Iqra , Ali Muhammad , Khan Kalimullah
Published: July 2022

This study investigates the relationship between mindfulness, gratitude, and psychological wellbeing of young individuals in Pakistan with the potential role of hopefulness as a mediator between mindfulness, gratitude, and wellbeing. Data were collected from young individuals (18–40 years old) from Pakistan. A total sample of 500 participants was collected by employing the online survey questionnaire, and 374 questionnaires were duly filled and returned. The PLS-SEM technique was used to test the proposed hypotheses. The results of the study found that there is a strong direct relationship between gratitude, mindfulness, and hopefulness, and mindfulness is also strongly correlated with wellbeing. However, the relationship between gratitude and wellbeing was not statistically significant. Moreover, the mediation results reveal that the relationship between mindfulness, gratitude, and wellbeing is significantly mediated by hopefulness. This shows that gratitude and mindfulness are crucial in enhancing wellbeing through hopefulness. This study is an important contribution to validating the broaden-and-build theory, which suggests that hopelessness is a significant factor of a depressive state. It can be indicated that inducing hopefulness could be a significant element of the treatment plan of professional clinical psychologists.