bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Market Institutions, Fair Value, and Financial Analyst Forecast Accuracy
Authors: Ye Rui , Heravi Saeed , Xiao Jason
Published: December 2023

This study investigates the valuation usefulness of fair values and related information disclosure in China and examines how regional‐level market institutions influence the valuation usefulness of fair value information. Based on a sample of Chinese listed companies during 2007 to 2016, the empirical results show a negative association between overall fair values and analyst forecast accuracy. Further analyses suggest that the negative association is likely driven by biases and/or errors in fair value estimates. Using a difference‐in‐difference research design, the study also documents that the implementation of ASBE 39 in 2014 has improved the valuation usefulness of fair values. There is evidence that different aspects of market institutions—including the extent of government intervention in the market and the legal environment—influence analysts’ use of fair value information. This study contributes to the literature by providing new and different evidence on the usefulness of fair values to financial analysts outside developed countries. Moreover, by taking advantage of the uneven institutional development across China, the study shows that different aspects of market institutions influence the valuation usefulness of fair value information.
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24: Nuclear hormone receptors
Authors: Alexander Stephen P. H. , Cidlowski John A. , Kelly Eamonn , Mathie Alistair A. , Peters John A. , Veale Emma L. , Armstrong Jane F. , Faccenda Elena , Harding Simon D. , Davies Jamie A. , Coons Laurel , Fuller Peter J. , Korach Kenneth S. , Young Morag J.
Published: December 2023

The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24 is the sixth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews, mostly in tabular format, of the key properties of approximately 1800 drug targets, and nearly 6000 interactions with about 3900 ligands. There is an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide constitutes almost 500 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point‐in‐time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.16179. Nuclear hormone receptors are one of the six major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: G protein‐coupled receptors, catalytic receptors, enzymes and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid‐2023, and supersedes data presented in the 2021/22, 2019/20, 2017/18, 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC‐IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24: Enzymes
Authors: Alexander Stephen P. H. , Fabbro Doriano , Kelly Eamonn , Mathie Alistair A. , Peters John A. , Veale Emma L. , Armstrong Jane F. , Faccenda Elena , Harding Simon D. , Davies Jamie A. , Annett Stephanie , Boison Detlev , Burns Kathryn Elisa , Dessauer Carmen , Gertsch Jurg , Helsby Nuala Ann , Izzo Angelo A. , Ostrom Rennolds , Papapetropoulos Andreas , Pyne Nigel J. , Pyne Susan , Robson Tracy , Seifert Roland , Stasch Johannes‐Peter , Szabo Csaba , van der Stelt Mario , van der Vliet Albert , Watts Val , Wong Szu Shen
Published: December 2023

The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24 is the sixth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews, mostly in tabular format, of the key properties of approximately 1800 drug targets, and about 6000 interactions with about 3900 ligands. There is an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide constitutes almost 500 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point‐in‐time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.16176. In addition to this overview, in which are identified ‘Other protein targets’ which fall outside of the subsequent categorisation, there are six areas of focus: G protein‐coupled receptors, ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors, enzymes and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid‐2023, and supersedes data presented in the 2021/22, 2019/20, 2017/18, 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC‐IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24: Transporters
Authors: Alexander Stephen P. H. , Fabbro Doriano , Kelly Eamonn , Mathie Alistair A. , Peters John A. , Veale Emma L. , Armstrong Jane F. , Faccenda Elena , Harding Simon D. , Davies Jamie A. , Amarosi Laura , Anderson Catriona M. H. , Beart Philip M. , Broer Stefan , Dawson Paul A. , Gyimesi Gergely , Hagenbuch Bruno , Hammond James R. , Hancox Jules C. , Hershfinkel Michal , Inui Ken‐ichi , Kanai Yoshikatsu , Kemp Stephan , Kunji Edmund R. S. , Stewart Gavin , Tavoulari Sotiria , Thwaites David T. , Verri Tiziano
Published: December 2023

The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24 is the sixth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews, mostly in tabular format, of the key properties of approximately 1800 drug targets, and over 6000 interactions with about 3900 ligands. There is an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide constitutes almost 500 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point‐in‐time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.16182. Transporters are one of the six major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: G protein‐coupled receptors, ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors and enzymes. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid‐2023, and supersedes data presented in the 2021/22, 2019/20, 2017/18, 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC‐IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.
High‐performance work systems, psychological empowerment and creative process engagement: A componential theory of creativity perspective
Authors: Mirza Muhammad Zeeshan , Qaiser Muhammad Izaz , Memon Mumtaz Ali
Published: December 2023

Drawing on componential theory of creativity, this study investigates the impact of high‐performance work systems (HPWS) on psychological empowerment (PE) and creative process engagement (CPE). It also examines the mediating role of PE between HPWS and CPE. Additionally, the study investigates the moderating role of leader–member exchange (LMX) between HPWS, PE and CPE. Data were collected from 233 construction industry employees. The partial least squares‐structural equation modelling (PLS‐SEM) and SPSS were used to test the measurement model and proposed hypotheses. The results indicate that HPWS has a positive impact on both CPE with PE, and PE has a positive influence on CPE. Moreover, PE mediates the relationship between HWPS and CPE. The indirect association between HPWS and CPE is conditioned at different levels of LMX. Until now, little attention has been paid to linking HPWS, PE and CPE; the study filled this important gap in the current literature. Importantly, this is the first study that confirms that LMX is a boundary condition between HPWS, PE and CPE relationships.
An examination of characteristics, social supports, caregiver resilience and hospital readmissions of children with medical complexity
Authors: Kennedy Heather M. , Cole Alexandra , Berbert Laura , Schenkel Sara R. , DeGrazia Michele
Published: December 2023

Background

Children with medical complexity (CMC) account for 1% of children in the United States. These children experience frequent hospital readmissions, high healthcare costs and poor health outcomes. A link between CMC caregiver social support, resilience and hospital readmissions has never been fully investigated. This study examines the feasibility of a prospective, descriptive, repeated measures research design to characterize CMC and their caregivers, social supports, caregiver resilience and hospital readmissions to inform a larger prospective investigation.

Methods

Caregivers of CMC with unplanned hospitalizations completed surveys at the index hospitalization and 30 and 60 days after discharge. CMC caregiver and child characteristics, social supports and hospital readmissions were examined using an investigator‐developed survey. Resilience was measured using the Resilience Scale‐14© (7‐Point Likert Scale, score range 14–98), and feasibility was measured by calculating enrolment, attrition, survey completion and item response. Analysis included descriptive statistics and qualitative data visualization.

Results

Of caregivers who were approached for participation, 81.1% consented  and completed 76 surveys. Attrition was 31%. Item response rates were ≥ 90% for all but one item. A total of 62.1% of children had hospital readmissions within 90 days and 37.9% within 30 days. Additionally, 70% of caregivers had home care nursing, but the approved hours were only partially filled. More than 70% of caregiver resilience scores were moderate to high (score range 74–98) and were stable across repeated measures and hospital readmissions. Open‐ended question responses revealed the following five categories: All‐consuming, Family Reliance, Impact of Covid, Taking Action and Broken System.

Conclusions

Studying CMC caregiver social supports and resilience using repeated measures is feasible. CMC caregivers reported stressors including coordinating their child's substantial healthcare needs and managing partially filled home care nursing hours. Caregiver resilience remained stable over time, amidst frequent CMC hospital readmissions. Findings can inform future research priorities and power analyses for CMC caregiver resilience.
High prevalence of severe sleep cycle disruption in de novo acromegaly and underdiagnosis by common clinical screening tools: A prospective, observational, cross‐sectional study
Authors: Powlson Andrew S. , Annamalai Anand K. , Moir Samantha , Webb Alison J. , Bala Laksha , Graggaber Johann , Kandasamy Narayanan , Koulouri Olympia , Halsall David J. , Shneerson John M. , Gurnell Mark
Published: December 2023

Context

Although sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is well‐recognised in acromegaly, most studies have reported heterogeneous, often heavily treated, groups and few have performed detailed sleep phenotyping at presentation.

Objective

To study SDB using the gold standard of polysomnography, in the largest group of newly‐diagnosed, treatment‐naïve patients with acromegaly.

Setting and Patients

40 patients [22 males, 18 females; mean age 54 years (range 23–78)], were studied to:

(i) establish the prevalence and severity of SDB

(ii) assess the reliability of commonly employed screening tools [Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and overnight oxygen desaturation index (DI)] to detect SDB

(iii) determine the extent to which sleep architecture is disrupted.

Results

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), defined by the apnoea‐hypopnoea index (AHI), was present in 79% of subjects (mild, n = 12; moderate, n = 5; severe, n = 14). However, in these individuals with OSA by AHI criteria, ESS (positive in 35% [n = 11]) and DI (positive in 71%: mild, n = 11; moderate, n = 6; severe, n = 5) markedly underestimated its prevalence/extent. Seventy‐eight percent of patients exhibited increased arousal, with marked disruption of the sleep cycle, despite most (82%) having normal total time asleep. Fourteen patients spent longer in stage 1 sleep. Deeper sleep stages were severely attenuated in many subjects (reduced stage 2, n = 18; reduced slow wave sleep, n = 24; reduced rapid eye movement sleep, n = 32).

Conclusion

Our study provides strong support for clinical guidelines that recommend screening for sleep apnoea syndrome in patients with newly‐diagnosed acromegaly. Importantly, however, it highlights shortcomings in commonly recommended screening tools (questionnaires, desaturation index) and demonstrates the added value of polysomnography to allow timely detection of obstructive sleep apnoea and associated sleep cycle disruption.
Ridge preservation using a self‐retaining block type bone substitute for extraction sockets with buccal dehiscence defects – A preclinical study
Authors: Kwon Yoon‐Hee , Song Young Woo , Park Jin‐Young , Cha Jae‐Kook , Thoma Daniel S. , Jung Ui‐Won , Jung Ronald E.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To evaluate the effect of a self‐retaining block‐type bone substitute (srBB) on the dimensional stability of the horizontal ridge width at the coronal level in a buccal dehiscence model.

Materials and Methods

Four box‐shaped bone defects with a buccal dehiscence were surgically prepared in the partially edentulous mandible (n = 6). Experimental biomaterials were randomly assigned to each site: (1) Control group: no treatment, (2) particle‐type bone substitute (PBS) group, (3) collagenated soft block bone substitute (csBB) group, and (4) self‐retaining synthetic block bone (srBB) group. In all grafted groups, a collagen membrane covered the biomaterials. At 16 weeks, clinical, histological, and radiographic analyses were performed.

Results

Three of the six blocks in the srBB group became exposed and fell out during the first week after surgery. Therefore, the remaining three specimens were renamed RsrBB group. The RsrBB group showed an increase horizontal ridge compared to the pristine bone width at 2–4 mm below the CEJ, while the other groups showed resorption (augmented width at 2 mm below: 4.2, 42.4, 36.2, and 110.1% in the control, PBS, csBB, and RsrBB groups, respectively). The mineralized bone area was largest in the RsrBB group (4.74, 3.44, 5.67, and 7.77 mm2 in the control, PBS, csBB, and RsrBB groups, respectively.).

Conclusions

The srBB group demonstrated the highest volume stability at the coronal level. These findings would potentially suggest that self‐retaining block bone substitute might be a good candidate for alveolar ridge preservation.
Requirements for human natural killer cells
Authors: Niu Shuaishuai , Xia Chengxiang , Huang Dehao , Wang Lei , Hu Hongbo , Yu Shuyang , Wu Ning , Dong Zhongjun , Zhou Jiaxi , Wu Jun , Yu Junying , Zhang Ying , Wang Changlin , Fu Boqiang , Cao Jiani , Liang Lingmin , Xu Lingxue , Chen Ling , Zhou Qi , Ma Aijin , Zhao Tongbiao , Hao Jie , Wang Jinyong
Published: December 2023

‘Requirements for Human Natural Killer Cells’ is the latest set of guidelines on human NK cells in China, jointly drafted and agreed upon by experts from the Standards Committee of Chinese Society for Cell Biology. This standard specifies requirements for the human natural killer (NK) cells, including the technical requirements, test methods, test regulations, instructions for use, labeling requirements, packaging requirements, storage and transportation requirements, and waste disposal requirements of NK cells. This standard is applicable for the quality control of NK cells, derived from human tissues, or differentiated/transdifferentiated from stem cells. It was originally released by the Chinese Society for Cell Biology on 30 August, 2022. We hope that the publication of these guidelines will promote institutional establishment, acceptance, and execution of proper protocols and accelerate the international standardization of human NK cells for applications.
Intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of home range size in owned domestic cats Felis catus: Insights from a French suburban study
Authors: Philippe‐Lesaffre Martin , Lusardi Leo , Castañeda Irene , Bonnaud Elsa
Published: December 2023

Domestic cats' varying home range sizes are connected to their impact on wildlife. Most of the previous studies suffered from lacking causality or small sample sizes. To overcome these limitations, we conducted a comprehensive study involving 55 owned domestic cats in a French suburban area where each cat was monitored during one or nine sessions over 5 years and all four seasons. We tracked the cats using GPS technology while controlling for the device used for monitoring, climatic conditions, environmental changes, and their degree of roaming. Using linear mixed‐effect models, we found that age and sex significantly predict home range size. Younger cats tend to have larger home ranges and male cats have larger home ranges compared to females. We also found that the device used during the monitoring influenced the size of the home range. Surprisingly, climatic conditions, surrounding environment and degree of roaming had no significant impact. When considering our models, most of the variability in home range size was due to random effects that accounted for the identity of cats which were monitored one or more times. Therefore, a deeper understanding of intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing home range size in domestic cats is crucial. This includes investigating individual behavior, breed‐specific traits, and the role of owner care but also reassessing management solutions for reducing cat roaming and not only focusing on restrictive ones. Identifying these factors will enable the development of more effective management.
Outcomes of kidney transplantation in patients with IgA nephropathy based on induction: A UNOS data analysis
Authors: Aydin‐Ghormoz Emmanuel Albert , Perlmutter Jason , Koizumi Naoru , Ortiz Jorge , Faddoul Geovani
Published: December 2023

Introduction

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) can cause end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD). This study assesses the impact of induction and maintenance immunosuppression on IgAN recurrence, graft survival, and mortality in living and deceased donor kidney transplants (LDKT and DDKT).

Methods

Retrospective analysis of the UNOS database in adults with ESKD secondary to IgAN who received kidney transplants between January 2000 and June 30, 2022. Patients with thymoglobulin (ATG), alemtuzumab, or basiliximab/daclizumab induction with calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) with or without prednisone maintenance were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify factors correlated with IgA recurrence. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed for clinically suspected risk factors. Kaplan Meir Analysis was utilized for overall graft survival.

Results

Compared to ATG with steroid maintenance, alemtuzumab with steroid increased the odds of IgAN recurrence in DDKTs (OR 1.90, p < .010, 95% CI [1.169–3.101]). Alemtuzumab with and without steroid increased the odds of recurrence by 52% (p = .036) and 56% (p = .005), respectively, in LDKTs. ATG without steroids was associated with less risk of IgAN recurrence (HR .665, p = .044, 95% CI [.447–.989]), graft failure (HR .758, p = .002, 95% CI [.633–.907]), and death (HR .619, p < .001, 95% CI [.490–.783]) in DDKTs. Recurrence was strongly associated with risks of graft failure in DDKTs and LDKTs and death in LDKTs.

Conclusion

In patients with IgAN requiring a kidney transplant, Alemtuzumab induction correlates with increased IgAN recurrence. Relapse significantly affects graft survival and mortality. ATG without steroids is associated with the least graft loss and mortality.
Creative arts in the national museum of computing
Authors: Lessner Lištiaková Ivana
Published: December 2023

Families of children with autism and other special educational needs may often feel excluded from social activities and/or report on lack of quality family time. Some museums offer individual booking times for families outside their regular public opening hours. Such relaxed openings in museums present opportunities for families to participate in leisure activities that suit their sensory and social needs. However, further exploration of the meaning of such programs to families is needed to enhance the inclusive offer of museums. This research study evaluated the feedback and reflection of creative workshops conducted in The National Museum of Computing during its relaxed openings for families with children with autism and other special educational needs. The findings of the project highlight the benefits of the creative workshops with sensory‐friendly aspects, evidenced by the observed engagement of children and families in the activities and interpreted through data from child and parental questionnaires and facilitator reflective log.
Cannabis vaporisation: Understanding products, devices and risks
Authors: MacCallum Caroline A. , Lo Lindsay A. , Pistawka Carly A. , Christiansen April , Boivin Michael
Published: December 2023

Issues

Vaporisation is a common method of cannabis administration. Inconsistent terminology and jargon regarding vaporisation has led to confusion. The increasing public interest and access to cannabis, combined with possible safety concerns associated with certain cannabis vaping products, warrants improved consumer and public and health care professional knowledge.

Approach

To improve this knowledge, we conducted a review of the common terminology, regulatory status, products and device types related to cannabis vaporisation.

Key Findings

Cannabis vaporisation devices can be separated into nine types. While vaporisation reduces respiratory risks associated with cannabis combustion, not all vaping products and device types carry the same level of safety. Metered dose inhalers and dried product vaporisers present the lowest safety risk due to a lower risk of toxin exposure and the use of lower tetrahydrocannabinol potency products.

Implications

As both vaping and cannabis use increase in popularity, focusing on accurate health education will help facilitate health promotion to encourage lower risk use. The current lack of understanding on risk differences between types of cannabis vaporisation is a missed opportunity for harm reduction. Increased opportunities for public health and health care professional education on different cannabis vaporisation devices and associated risks are warranted. Improvements to health warning labelling may also be beneficial.

Conclusion

Not all cannabis vaporisation devices and products carry the same level of risk. A better understanding of risk differentiation is needed among consumers and health professionals. Continued research, policy development and health education can lead to safer cannabis vaporisation.
Prevalence of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in Germany – analysis of claims data
Authors: Hagenström Kristina , Müller Katharina , Garbe Claudia , Augustin Matthias
Published: December 2023

Background and Objectives

Few studies are available on the epidemiology of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in Germany. The aim of this study was to estimate this prevalence based on different case definitions.

Methods

Statutory health insurance (SHI) data were examined (2017 to 2019). Prevalence was analyzed and validated using three different case definitions: (1) At least one inpatient or outpatient diagnosis within one year, (2) additionally at least two outpatient diagnoses within one year, (3) additionally within three years.

Results

The administrative prevalence of psoriasis including psoriatic arthritis ranged from 1.90% to 2.51%. For all case definitions, the prevalence increased with age, decreasing from the age of 70 with psoriasis and from the age of 65 with psoriatic arthritis. Males were more likely to be affected at an older age (p <0.0001), while in the under‐20 age group, more girls were affected (p  =  0.04).

Conclusions

Psoriasis is a common skin disease in Germany. The internal diagnoses validation showed that in future studies with claims data, the narrow and broad criteria should be used to identify patients with psoriasis, depending on the research question.
Abnormal causal connectivity of anterior cingulate cortex‐visual cortex circuit related to nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug efficacy in migraine
Authors: Wei Heng‐Le , Yang Qian , Zhou Gang‐Ping , Chen Yu‐Chen , Yu Yu‐Sheng , Yin Xindao , Li Junrong , Zhang Hong
Published: December 2023

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and visual cortex are integral components of the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying migraine, yet the impact of altered connectivity patterns between these regions on migraine treatment remains unknown. To elucidate this issue, we investigated the abnormal causal connectivity between the ACC and visual cortex in patients with migraine without aura (MwoA), based on the resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging data, and its predictive ability for the efficacy of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The results revealed increased causal connectivity from the bilateral ACC to the lingual gyrus (LG) and decreased connectivity in the opposite direction in nonresponders compared with the responders. Moreover, compared with the healthy controls, nonresponders exhibited heightened causal connectivity from the ACC to the LG, right inferior occipital gyrus (IOG) and left superior occipital gyrus, while connectivity patterns from the LG and right IOG to the ACC were diminished. Based on the observed abnormal connectivity patterns, the support vector machine (SVM) models showed that the area under the receiver operator characteristic curves for the ACC to LG, LG to ACC and bidirectional models were 0.857, 0.898, and 0.939, respectively. These findings indicate that neuroimaging markers of abnormal causal connectivity in the ACC‐visual cortex circuit may facilitate clinical decision‐making regarding NSAIDs administration for migraine management.
Analysis of potassium ion diffusion from neurons to capillaries: Effects of astrocyte endfeet geometry
Authors: Djurich Sara , Secomb Timothy W.
Published: December 2023

Neurovascular coupling (NVC) refers to a local increase in cerebral blood flow in response to increased neuronal activity. Mechanisms of communication between neurons and blood vessels remain unclear. Astrocyte endfeet almost completely cover cerebral capillaries, suggesting that astrocytes play a role in NVC by releasing vasoactive substances near capillaries. An alternative hypothesis is that direct diffusion through the extracellular space of potassium ions (K+) released by neurons contributes to NVC. Here, the goal is to determine whether astrocyte endfeet present a barrier to K+ diffusion from neurons to capillaries. Two simplified 2D geometries of extracellular space, clefts between endfeet, and perivascular space are used: (i) a source 1 μm from a capillary; (ii) a neuron 15 μm from a capillary. K+ release is modelled as a step increase in [K+] at the outer boundary of the extracellular space. The time‐dependent diffusion equation is solved numerically. In the first geometry, perivascular [K+] approaches its final value within 0.05 s. Decreasing endfeet cleft width or increasing perivascular space width slows the rise in [K+]. In the second geometry, the increase in perivascular [K+] occurs within 0.5 s and is insensitive to changes in cleft width or perivascular space width. Predicted levels of perivascular [K+] are sufficient to cause vasodilation, and the rise time is within the time for flow increase in NVC. These results suggest that direct diffusion of K+ through the extracellular space is a possible NVC signalling mechanism.
Rib fracture as a cause of hindlimb lameness in a horse
Authors: Jimenez‐Rihuete Pablo , Staempfli Simon A. , Waterhouse Mathew , Rubio‐Martínez Luis M.
Published: December 2023

A 2‐year‐old racing Thoroughbred gelding in training was presented with moderate (6/10) right hindlimb lameness unresponsive to regional anaesthesia of the right hindlimb. Gamma scintigraphic examination revealed severe, focal, increased radio‐pharmaceutical uptake over the dorsal aspect of the right 18th rib, which had an abnormal contour. Ultrasonographic examination of this area confirmed the presence of a complete, displaced fracture of the proximal aspect of the right 18th rib. Local infiltration with anaesthetic solution around the right 18th right rib (10 mL cranial and 10 mL caudal to the fracture site) abolished the right hindlimb lameness. A diagnosis of rib fracture causing moderate ipsilateral hindlimb lameness was made. The horse returned to walking exercise after 12 weeks of rest and was reported to be sound on the same limb 12 months after presentation. Caudal rib fractures should be considered as a possible cause of hindlimb lameness. Local diagnostic anaesthesia around the fracture site can aid localisation of the origin of lameness.
Assessment of variations in the haematological and hepatorenal biomarkers alongside oxidant‐antioxidant imbalance in exotic and indigenous horses infected with Theileria equi
Authors: Gupta Kapil Kumar , Balajee Santha Subramanian , Dey Sahadeb , Tripathi Prashant , Kumar Rajender , Pal Yash , Kumar Sanjay , Gupta Neha , Sudan Vikrant
Published: December 2023

Background

Theileria equi latently infected horses remain under oxidative stress which can be easily determined by evaluating the concerned biomarkers. Until now, very limited data are available regarding study of oxidative stress alongside hepatorenal biomarker alterations in carrier equids.

Objectives

This study was aimed to investigate oxidative stress and hepato‐renal alterations in respective biomarkers in latently T. equi‐infected exotic and indigenous horses.

Study design

The study involved 24 (n = 24) T. equi latently infected horses (11 exotic and 13 indigenous) while 50 horses (n = 50) served as the non‐infected group. Haematological, hepato‐renal and oxidative stress biomarkers analysis was carried out to evaluate the effect of latent T. equi infection on these parameters.

Results

In the T. equi‐infected exotic horse group, significant decreases in Hb, PCV, TLC and eosinophils were observed in comparison with the T. equi‐infected indigenous horse group. Blood glucose and SOD levels were significantly lower while serum MDA levels were significantly increased in T. equi‐infected horses than the noninfected groups. Higher MDA levels are suggestive of biochemical changes in parasitised erythrocytes making their membrane rigid and liable to erythrolysis. Decreased SOD levels were indicative of a disturbance in anti‐oxidative mechanisms leading to accumulation of free radicals attributing to oxidative injuries to T. equi‐infected erythrocytes.

Main limitations

Latently infected animals with very low parasitaemia which are unable to damage host cells may lead to false negative results. Another limitation is the difficulty in ruling out other similar disease‐causing oxidative stresses.

Conclusion

These observations indicated that T. equi naturally latently infected exotic horses were more liable to develop a condition in comparison to indigenous infected horses. From the above results, we can conclude that T. equi infection exerts a marked effect on the hepato‐renal biomarkers and significantly affects the key antioxidant defence mechanisms of infected erythrocytes, leading to oxidative damage to the erythrocytes membrane and ultimately its haemolysis.
Habitat modulates population‐level responses of freshwater salmon growth to a century of change in climate and competition
Authors: Price Michael H. H. , Moore Jonathan W. , McKinnell Skip , Connors Brendan M. , Reynolds John D.
Published: December 2023

The impacts of climate change are widespread and threaten natural systems globally. Yet, within regions, heterogeneous physical landscapes can differentially filter climate, leading to local response diversity. For example, it is possible that while freshwater lakes are sensitive to climate change, they may exhibit a diversity of thermal responses owing to their unique morphology, which in turn can differentially affect the growth and survival of vulnerable biota such as fishes. In particular, salmonids are cold‐water fishes with complex life histories shaped by diverse freshwater habitats that are sensitive to warming temperatures. Here we examine the influence of habitat on the growth of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in nursery lakes of Canada's Skeena River watershed over a century of change in regional temperature and intraspecific competition. We found that freshwater growth has generally increased over the last century. While growth tended to be higher in years with relatively higher summer air temperatures (a proxy for lake temperature), long‐term increases in growth appear largely influenced by reduced competition. However, habitat played an important role in modulating the effect of high temperature. Specifically, growth was positively associated with rising temperatures in relatively deep (>50 m) nursery lakes, whereas warmer temperatures were not associated with a change in growth for fish among shallow lakes. The influence of temperature on growth also was modulated by glacier extent whereby the growth of fish from lakes situated in watersheds with little (i.e., <5%) glacier cover increased with rising temperatures, but decreased with rising temperatures for fish in lakes within more glaciated watersheds. Maintaining the integrity of an array of freshwater habitats—and the processes that generate and maintain them—will help foster a diverse climate‐response portfolio for important fish species, which in turn can ensure that salmon watersheds are resilient to future environmental change.
Impact of cancer history on long‐term outcome after elective neuro‐endovascular treatment in patients aged 80 years or older: A retrospective multicenter observational study
Authors: Fujita Kyohei , Sato Yohei , Hanazawa Ryoichi , Sagawa Hirotaka , Ishikawa Mariko , Fujii Shoko , Aoyama Jiro , Hirai Sakyo , Yoshimura Masataka , Yoshino Yoshikazu , Kawano Yoshihisa , Shigeta Keigo , Taira Naoki , Karakama Jun , Ishiwada Tadahiro , Yamashina Motoshige , Hirakawa Akihiko , Sumita Kazutaka
Published: December 2023

Aim

Assessing the indication for elective neuro‐endovascular treatment (EVT) in older patients requires consideration of the impact of systemic comorbidities on their overall reduced life expectancy. The objective of this study was to determine the long‐term outcomes of elective neuro‐EVT in patients aged ≥80 years, and to investigate the impact of pre‐existing cancer on their long‐term outcomes.

Methods

Of the patients enrolled in multicenter observational registry, those aged ≥80 years undergoing elective neuro‐EVT between 2011 and 2020 were enrolled. A history of cancer was defined as a pre‐existing solid or hematologic malignancy at the time of EVT. The primary outcome was time to death from elective neuro‐EVT.

Results

Of the 6183 neuro‐EVT cases implemented at 10 stroke centers, a total of 289 patients (median age, 82 years [interquartile range 81–84 years]) were analyzed. A total of 58 (20.1%) patients had a history of cancer. A total of 78 patients (27.0%) died during follow up. The 5‐year survival rate of enrolled patients was 64.6%. Compared with patients without a history of cancer, those with a history of cancer showed significantly worse survival (log‐rank test, P = 0.001). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis showed history of cancer was an independent predictor of time to death from elective neuro‐EVT (HR 1.74, 95% CI 1.01–3.00, P = 0.047). Cancer was the leading cause of death, accounting for 25.6% of all deaths.

Conclusions

The present study showed that history of cancer has a significant impact on time to death from elective neuro‐EVT in patients aged ≥80 years. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 211–217.
Healing rate of hospital‐acquired skin tears using adhesive silicone foam versus meshed silicone interface dressings: A prospective, randomized, non‐inferiority pilot study
Authors: Fulbrook Paul , Miles Sandra J. , Williams Damian M.
Published: December 2023

Background

A skin tear is a traumatic wound that occurs in up to one in five hospitalized patients. Nursing care includes application of a dressing to create a moist wound healing environment.

Aim

To compare the effectiveness of two standard dressings (adhesive silicone foam vs. meshed silicone interface) to heal hospital‐acquired skin tear.

Methods

An intention‐to‐treat pilot study was designed using a randomized, non‐inferiority trial in an Australian tertiary hospital setting. Consenting participants (n = 52) had acquired a skin tear within the previous 24 h and had agreed to a 3‐week follow‐up. Data were collected between 2014 and 2020. The primary outcome measure was wound healing at 21 days.

Results

Baseline characteristics were similar in both arms. Per protocol, 86% of skin tears were fully healed at 3 weeks in the adhesive silicone foam group, compared to 59% in the meshed silicone interface group. Greater healing was observed across all skin tear categories in the adhesive silicone foam dressing group. In the intention‐to‐treat sample, healing was 69% and 42%, respectively.

Conclusions

Results suggest the adhesive silicone foam dressing may be superior, as it produced clinically significant healing of skin tears at 3 weeks compared to the meshed silicone interface dressing. Accounting for potential loss to follow‐up, a sample of at least 103 participants per arm would be required to power a definitive study.
Comparative assessment of cleaning efficacy of two exclusive paediatric rotary files in root canals of primary teeth: An in vitro study
Authors: Bhattacharjee Abhisek , Singh Rajeev Kumar , Patil Ranjit Kumar , Chandra Shaleen , Singhai Atin , Singh Uma Shankar , Ansari Afroz Alam , Khanna Richa
Published: December 2023

Background

Paediatric rotary file systems have recently been developed for primary teeth use.

Aim

To study the cleaning efficacies of two paediatric rotary endodontic files, the Prime PedoTM, and the Kedo‐SG BlueTM against the standard H files.

Design

This in vitro study included 54 freshly extracted primary molars, which were randomised into three groups (n = 18 each) and were prepared using either Kedo‐SG BlueTM, Prime PedoTM or hand H files after injecting methylene blue dye into the canals. Pre‐ and post‐operative cone beam computerised tomography (CBCT) was performed to assess change in root canal volumes. Methylene blue dye removal from canals was assessed using stereomicroscopy, and canal cleanliness was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Results

Both Prime PedoTM and Kedo‐SG BlueTM files reduced significantly less dentine when compared with conventional hand filing with Prime PedoTM removing the least amount of dentine. No significant difference was found in median SEM scores among the groups in the cervical, middle and apical thirds of the roots. Stereomicroscopic assessment of root canal cleanliness using dye removal technique shows a statistically significant difference existing between Kedo‐SG BlueTM and hand H files groups.

Conclusion

Prime PedoTM removed the least amount of dentine. Kedo‐SG BlueTM performed significantly better than conventional hand filing with H files when the root canal cleanliness was assessed.
Management of nocturnal hypertension: An expert consensus document from Chinese Hypertension League
Authors: Liu Jing , Li Yan , Zhang Xinjun , Bu Peili , Du Xueping , Fang Lizheng , Feng Yingqing , Guo Yifang , Han Fei , Jiang Yinong , Li Yuming , Lin Jinxiu , Liu Min , Liu Wei , Long Mingzhi , Mu Jianjun , Sun Ningling , Wu Hao , Xie Jianhong , Xie Jingyuan , Xie Liangdi , Yu Jing , Yuan Hong , Zha Yan , Zhang Yuqing , Zhu Shanzhu , Wang Jiguang ,   Chinese Hypertension League expert consensus committee on the management of nocturnal hypertension
Published: December 2023

Nocturnal hypertension is highly prevalent among Chinese and Asian populations, which is mainly attributed to high salt intake and high salt sensitivity. Nocturnal hypertension increases the risk of cardiovascular and all‐cause mortality, independent of daytime blood pressure (BP). However, it can usually be detected by 24‐h ambulatory BP monitoring, rather than routine office or home BP measurement, thus is often underdiagnosed in clinical practice. Currently, no specific guidance is available for the management of nocturnal hypertension in China or worldwide. Experts from the Chinese Hypertension League summarized the epidemiologic and pathophysiologic characteristics and clinical phenotype of nocturnal hypertension and provided consensus recommendations on optimal management of nocturnal hypertension, with the goal of maximally reducing the cardiovascular disease risks. In this consensus document, 24‐h ABPM is recommended for screening and diagnosis of nocturnal hypertension, especially in the elderly, patients with diabetes, chronic kidney diseases, obstructive sleep apnea and other conditions prone to high nocturnal BP. Lifestyle modifications including salt intake restriction, exercise, weight loss, sleep improvement, and mental stress relief are recommended. Long‐acting antihypertensive medications are preferred for nocturnal and 24‐h BP control. Some newly developed agents, renal denervation, and other device‐based therapy on nocturnal BP reduction are evaluated.
532‐nm potassium titanyl‐phosphate laser versus 595‐nm pulsed dye laser for port‐wine birthmarks: A prospective, randomized, split‐side study
Authors: Nguyen Lynhda , Seeber Nikolaus , Kautz Gerd , Hartjen Anna , Schneider Stefan W. , Herberger Katharina
Published: December 2023

Background

Pulsed dye lasers (PDL) are currently the first‐line treatment of port‐wine birthmarks (PWB). Due to high maintenance costs and instable technology, alternative methods are needed.

Objectives

To compare clinical outcomes of a variable‐sequenced, long‐pulsed 532‐nm potassium titanyl‐phosphate (KTP) laser and PDL on treating PWB.

Methods

A prospective, randomized, split‐side study. Patients were treated with a KTP laser and PDL with 1 to 5 sessions at intervals of 6–8 weeks. A follow‐up visit was scheduled 6 weeks post‐treatment. Efficacy was evaluated through colorimetric analysis, area reduction measurements and clinical evaluations by two blinded investigators based on photo documentation. Subjects provided rating of pain intensity during treatment, post‐treatment reactions and satisfaction. Safety was measured by adverse events. Maintenance issues of the laser systems were documented.

Results

A total of 35 patients (mean age 42.1 years) were enrolled. 63% were female. Patients received 2.4 (SD 1.4; 1–5) treatment sessions. Colorimetric analysis indicated a comparable clearance effect in PWB of both KTP laser and PDL. Independent investigators rated clinical appearance to be significantly improved compared to baseline. No significant difference was observed between both laser systems. Regarding post‐treatment reactions, the KTP laser caused less swelling, purpura and crusts. 96% would recommend both treatment modalities. Patients were satisfied with both laser systems. During the study, PDL systems malfunctioned for 6.6 months in total. For the KTP laser, we did not observe any system failures.

Conclusion

Our data indicate that the KTP laser of the latest generation with large‐spot sizes, subpulse technology and cryogen cooling has a comparable efficacy to the PDL in treating PWB. In addition, KTP laser is associated with greater tolerability, fewer technical failures and lower repair costs. Further prospective studies are required to determine the true effectiveness of the KTP laser in PWB treatment.

This study was preregistered in Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05771298).
Quality discrimination in healthcare markets
Authors: Esteves Rosa‐Branca , Ghandour Ziad , Straume Odd Rune
Published: December 2023

Recent advances in healthcare information technologies allow healthcare providers to more accurately track patient characteristics and predict the future treatment costs of previously treated patients, which increases the scope for providers to quality discriminate across different patient types. We theoretically analyze the potential implications of such quality discrimination in a duopoly setting with profit‐maximizing hospitals, fixed prices, and heterogeneous patients. Our analysis shows that the ability to quality discriminate tends to intensify competition and lead to higher quality provision, which benefits patients but makes the hospitals less profitable. Nevertheless, the effect on social welfare is a priori ambiguous, since quality discrimination also leads to an inefficient allocation of patients across hospitals.
Geographical and sex‐specific effects of malathion insecticide selection in African fig fly Zaprionus indianus Gupta, 1970 (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Authors: de Oliveira Rios Jonathan , Costa Sávio Cunha , da Conceição Galego Luís Gustavo
Published: December 2023

The African fig fly (AFF) Zaprionus indianus Gupta, 1970, is an invasive species that has caused significant damage to several monoculture crops since its introduction in the Brazilian territory, resulting losses for farmers and decrease of fruit productions. A way to manage fruit pests is the chemical control, which could act as a selective pressure against genetic variation in the insect populations. The esterases are detoxifying enzymes that can respond to the selection by insecticides, they are conserved in evolution, and are involved in the hydrolysis of esters, including insecticide degradation. Esterases can be identified by isoenzyme electrophoresis, which is a valuable tool for genetic, biochemical, and ecological studies, particularly in approaches with pest species. This experimental study aimed to evaluate survival and esterase polymorphisms at the Est2 and Est3 loci in three different geographical populations of Z. indianus from Brazil (Aracaju, Uberaba and Florianópolis) after exposition to organophosphate malathion. We identified patterns of sex‐specific genetic variation that indicate a response to insecticide exposition. These results indicated that the insecticide biological response in this species is sex‐dependent, providing relevant information about the AFF‐malathion interaction. This study may contribute to the development of more effective and sustainable management strategies for AFF control in Brazil using genetic and ecological approaches.