bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and kinetics of degradation of polystyrene in supercritical water
Authors: Kwak H. , Shin H.‐Y. , Bae S.‐Y. , Kumazawa H.
Published: April 2006

The degradation of polystyrene (PS) in sub‐ or supercritical water was carried out at reaction temperatures ranging from 370°C to 420°C and pressures of 240 to 320 bar. At 370°C, where water is in a subcritical state, the degradation was in equilibrium in about 5 min, whereas at 380°C and 390°C, where water is in a supercritical state, it was completed in 15 and 3 min, respectively. The equilibrium conversion in the supercritical state (100 wt %) was higher than that in the subcritical water (ca. 80 wt %). The dependence on time of selectivity for the degradation products—styrene monomer, styrene dimer, styrene trimer, toluene, ethyl benzene, isopropyl benzene, and triphenyl benzene—were investigated at 400°C and 280 bar. As the reaction proceeded, selectivity for styrene monomers, dimers, and trimers decreased, whereas that for toluene, ethyl benzene, and isopropyl benzene increased because of the difficulty of decomposing the benzene rings and phenyl radicals. Triphenyl benzene increased with reaction time for the same reason. With increasing temperature, selectivity for the styrene monomers and dimers decreased slightly, whereas selectivity for toluene and ethyl benzene increased a little. The kinetic behavior of PS in supercritical water along with supercritical acetone and n‐hexane were investigated. The degradation processes of PS in such supercritical fluids could be formulated by the first‐order kinetic law at the initial stage of the reaction. The activation energy for the degradation in supercritical water was evaluated to be 157 kJ/mol compared to an activation energy of 132 kJ/mol in the supercritical n‐hexane. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 695–700, 2006
Small molecule desorption prior to dissolution of a polymeric glass
Authors: Pekcan Önder , Uğur Şaziye
Published: April 2006

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) discs in various molecular weights (Mw) were prepared by free‐radical polymerization. Pyrene (Py) was introduced during polymerization as a fluorescence probe. In situ steady state fluorescence experiments were performed to monitor desorption processes in chloroform solvent. When the PMMA discs were in chloroform, desorption of Py molecules were monitored by observing the change of Py fluorescence intensity IP. To understand the mechanism of desorption, two different experiments were carried out in the meantime. In the first experiment, the weight of swelling and dissolving PMMA discs against dissolution time was monitored. The parallel experiment was conducted by measuring fluorescence intensity IP from the desorbing Py molecules. Then, a set of desorption experiments were performed by monitoring IP for various discs with different molecular weight of PMMA. A Fickian diffusion model was employed to quantify the fluorescence data produced from the swelling PMMA discs to measure desorption coefficients Dd. The measured Dd values decrease as the molecular weight of PMMA is increased in the swelling glass. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 908–912, 2006
Effects of heat treatment on tensile properties of diacetate fibers
Authors: Zhang Jing , Huang Li‐Qian , Wang Shan‐Yuan
Published: April 2006

Diacetate filaments were heat‐treated (without tension or with tension) under dry‐heat or wet‐heat environment, respectively. The effects of temperature, time, and tension on tensile properties of diacetate fibers after heat treatments were discussed. The results show that diacetate fibers present no obvious improvement on its tensile properties after dry‐heat treatments without tension. It was also found that during dry heat treatments with tension, the increase in tensile properties of fibers mainly depends on temperature and tension. Moreover, being dry‐heat treated with tension instant after wet‐heat treatment without tension, diacetate fibers exhibit a higher improvement on its tensile properties comparing with dry heat method with tension. The shrinking measurement for the fibers indicates different supermolecular structures were developed in the fiber before treatment and after treatment, which leads to the different extent in the improvement of tensile properties for the fibers. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101:787–791, 2006
Determination of the physicochemical characteristics and electrical performance of postsulfonated and grafted sulfonated derivatives of poly(para‐phenylene) as new proton‐conducting membranes for direct methanol fuel cell
Authors: Ninivin C. Le , Balland‐Longeau A. , Demattei D. , Palmas P. , Saillard J. , Coutanceau C. , Lamy C. , Léger J. M.
Published: April 2006

Poly(para‐phenylene)s (PPPs) are an interesting class of rigid‐rod polymers that have excellent thermal and mechanical properties. Because of their high degree of crystallinity and lower permeability to methanol, PPPs are insoluble and infusible. A number of methods have been developed to synthesize substituted sulfonated PPPs bearing lateral chains to improve their solubility. In this work, a comparison of the physicochemical properties of three PPP‐based polymers is made with respect to Nafion membranes. One of these polymers was prepared with the postsulfonation method, and the other two were made with a new method of grafting developed in the Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique laboratory (a grafted sulfonated PPP polymer and a grafted perfluorinated sulfonated polymer). The sulfonated PPP polymers were examined for their mechanical properties, small‐angle X‐ray scattering, water absorption, proton conductivity, and methanol permeability. Relations between structures and properties were also investigated. Performances in fuel‐cell tests were also investigated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 944–952, 2006
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Catalytic Properties of MgCo6Ge6.
Authors: Gieck Christine , Schreyer Martin , Faessler Thomas F. , Cavet Sylwia , Claus Peter
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Trivalent Rare Earth Ion (La, Nd, Gd) Conducting Solid Electrolytes.
Authors: Hasegawa Y. , Imanaka N.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
On the Conflicting Pictures of Magnetism for the Frustrated Triangular Lattice Antiferromagnet CuFeO2
Authors: Whangbo Myung‐Hwan , Dai Dadi , Lee Kwang‐Soon , Kremer Reinhard K.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Directional Metal‐Hydrogen Bonding in Interstitial Hydrides. Part 2. Structural Study of HoNi3Dx (x = 0, 1.3, 1.8).
Authors: Filinchuk Y. E. , Sheptyakov D. , Yvon K.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Properties of LnAlB4 and Lu2AlB6 Crystals Grown from Ln—Al—B (Ln: Tm, Yb, Lu) Melts.
Authors: Okada Shigeru , Shishido Toetsu , Mori Takao , Kudou Kunio , Iizumi Kiyokata , Lundstroem Torsten , Nakajima Kazuo
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Simple Highly Modular Acyclic Amine‐Catalyzed Direct Enantioselective Addition of Ketones to Nitro‐Olefins.
Authors: Xu Yongmei , Cordova Armando
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Coupling of Permeabilized Microorganisms for Efficient Enantioselective Reduction of Ketone with Cofactor Recycling.
Authors: Zhang Jie , Witholt Bernard , Li Zhi
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Acetonitrile‐Assisted Highly Selective Photocatalytic Epoxidation of Olefins on Ti‐Containing Silica with Molecular Oxygen.
Authors: Shiraishi Yasuhiro , Morishita Masatsugu , Hirai Takayuku
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Fluorination with Ionic Liquid EMIMF(HF)2.3 as Mild HF Source.
Authors: Yoshino Hideaki , Matsumoto Kazuhiko , Hagiwara Rika , Ito Yasuhiko , Oshima Koichiro , Matsubara Seijiro
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Catalyst Economy. Part 2. Sequential Metathesis—Kharasch Sequences Using the Grubbs′ Metathesis Catalysts.
Authors: Edlin Chris D. , Faulkner James , Quayle Peter
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Silica Sulfuric Acid as an Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of 1,1‐Diacetates under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Hajipour Abdol R. , Zarei Amin , Khazdooz Leila , Mirjalili Bi Bi F. , Sheikhan Nafise , Zahmatkesh Saeed , Ruoho Arnold E.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Sequential Cross‐Coupling of Bis(iodozincio)methane and ‐ethane with Two Different Organic Halides.
Authors: Yoshino Hideaki , Toda Narihiro , Kobata Masami , Ukai Katsumi , Oshima Koichiro , Utimoto Kiitiro , Matsubara Seijiro
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Photoisomerization‐Induced Change in the Size of Ferrocenylazobenzene‐Attached Dendrimers.
Authors: Daniel Marie‐Christine , Sakamoto Aiko , Ruiz Jaime , Astruc Didier , Nishihara Hiroshi
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cyano(ethoxycarbonothioylthio)methyl Benzoate: A Novel One‐Carbon Radical Equivalent.
Authors: Bagal Sharanjeet K. , de Greef Michiel , Zard Samir Z.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 4‐Hydroxy‐4‐methylcyclohex‐2‐en‐1‐one.
Authors: Parladar Vesile , Gueltekin M. Serdar , Celik Murat , et al. et al.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Propargylamides via 3,3′‐Disubstituted Binaphthol‐Modified Alkynylboronates.
Authors: Wu T. Robert , Chong J. Michael
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Tin‐Free Intermolecular Addition of Primary Alkyls to Imines via the Dimethylzinc—Air Radical Process.
Authors: Yamada Ken‐ichi , Yamamoto Yasutomo , Maekawa Masaru , Akindele Tito , Umeki Hiroyuki , Tomioka Kiyoshi
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Facile Preparation and Reactivity of Polymer‐Supported N‐(2‐Iodyl‐phenyl)‐acylamide, an Efficient Oxidizing System.
Authors: Ladziata Uladzimir , Willging Jeff , Zhdankin Viktor V.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Regioselective Copper‐Catalyzed Amination of Chlorobenzoic Acids: Synthesis and Solid‐State Structures of N‐Aryl Anthranilic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Mei Xuefeng , August Adam T. , Wolf Christian
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselective Turnover in Glyoxylate‐ene Reactions Catalyzed by Chiral Copper Complexes.
Authors: Pandey Manoj K. , Bisai Alakesh , Singh Vinod K.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Pd‐Catalyzed Thiocarbamoylation of Terminal Alkynes with Sulfenamide and Carbon Monoxide.
Authors: Kuniyasu Hitoshi , et al. et al.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Convenient FeCl3‐Catalyzed Hydroarylation of Styrenes.
Authors: Kischel Jette , Jovel Irina , Mertins Kristin , Zapf Alexander , Beller Matthias
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel 8‐Oxo‐8H‐cyclopenta[a]acenaphthylene‐7‐carbonitriles as Longwavelength Fluorescent Markers for Hypoxic Cells in Solid Tumor.
Authors: Liu Yan , Xu Yufang , Qian Xuhong , Xiao Yi , Liu Jianwen , Shen Liyun , Li Junhui , Zhang Yuanxing
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Novel Cyclopentene Annulation Method Based on Conjugate Addition Reactions of α‐Cyano Carbanion Species.
Authors: Tanino Keiji , Tomata Yoshihide , Shiina Yasuhiro , Miyashita Masaaki
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ring Enlargement and Sulfur‐Transfer Processes in SiO2‐Catalyzed Reactions of Thiocarbonyl Compounds with Optically Active Oxiranes.
Authors: Malaschichin Sergej , Fu Changchun , Linden Anthony , Heimgartner Heinz
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Phase Transfer Catalyzed Aziridination of α‐Bromo‐2‐cyclopenten‐1‐one.
Authors: Mekonnen Alemayehu , Carlson Rolf
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Practical Synthesis of Triaryl‐ and Triheteroarylmethanes by Reaction of Aldehydes and Activated Arenes Promoted by Gold(III) Chloride.
Authors: Nair Vijay , Abhilash K. G. , Vidya N.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
3‐Aminopyrrolidines via Ring Rearrangement of 2‐Aminomethylazetidines. Synthesis of (‐)‐Absouline.
Authors: Vargas‐Sanchez Monica , Couty Francois , Evano Gwilherm , Prim Damien , Marrot Jerome
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Novel One‐Pot Synthesis of 5‐Alkenyl‐15‐alkynylporphyrins and Their Derivatization to a Butadiyne‐Linked Benzoporphyrin Dimer.
Authors: Yamada Hiroko , Kushibe Kayo , Okujima Tetsuo , Uno Hidemitsu , Ono Noboru
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A New Entry to the Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Indoles.
Authors: Mukai Chisato , Takahashi Yukie
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Cascade One‐Pot Synthesis of Isoxazolidines.
Authors: Dongol Krishna Gopal , Tay Boon Ying
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Rearrangement of 2‐Amino‐4‐cyclopropylthiazolium Bromide.
Authors: Samet A. V. , Firgang S. I. , Semenov V. V.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of N‐Alkylated Benzotriazole Derivatives: Antimicrobial Studies.
Authors: Swamy S. Nanjunda , Basappa Basappa , Sarala G. , Priya B. S. , Gaonkar S. L. , Prasad J. Shashidhara , Rangappa K. S.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reaction of 2‐Aryl‐5‐R‐5,6‐dihydro‐7H‐[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1‐b][1,3]thiazin‐7‐ones with Aryl Bromomethyl Ketones and Benzyl Bromide.
Authors: Britsun V. N. , Esipenko A. N. , Lozinskii M. O.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Fluorous Modification of 2,2′‐Bipyridine
Authors: Bennett Byron L. , Robins Kathleen A. , Tennant Ryan , Elwell Kyler , Ferri Felice , Bashta Inna , Aguinaldo Grant
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Evaluation of 2‐Anilino‐3‐phenylsulfonyl‐6‐methylpyridines as Corticotropin‐Releasing Factor1 Receptor Ligands.
Authors: Hartz Richard A. , Arvanitis Argyrios G. , Arnold Charles , Rescinito Joseph P. , Hung Kimberly L. , Zhang Ge , Wong Harvey , Langley David R. , Gilligan Paul J. , Trainor George L.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nitropyridines. Part 2. Hantzsch Synthesis of Nitro‐ and Dinitropyridines.
Authors: Sagitullina G. P. , Glizdinskaya L. V. , Sagitullin R. S.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
“In situ” Generated “HCl” — An Efficient Catalyst for Solvent‐Free Hantzsch Reaction at Room Temperature: Synthesis of New Dihydropyridine Glycoconjugates.
Authors: Sharma G. V. M. , Reddy K. Laxmi , Lakshmi P. Sree , Krishna Palakodety Radha
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Quinolin‐4‐yl Substituted Malonates, Cyanoacetates, Acetoacetates and Related Compounds.
Authors: Stadlbauer Wolfgang , Taeubl Anna E. , Dang Hoai V. , Reidlinger Claudia , Zangger Klaus
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 6‐Methylbenzo[b]pyrido[3,2‐f][1,6]naphthyridines from 4‐Chloro‐2‐methylquinoline.
Authors: Suresh T. , Kumar R. Nandha , Mohan P. S.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Versatile and Convenient Methods for the Synthesis of C‐2 and C‐3 Functionalized 5‐Azaindoles.
Authors: Lefoix Myriam , Daillant Jean‐Philippe , Routier Sylvain , Merour Jean‐Yves , Gillaizeau Isabelle , Coudert Gerard
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Original Trifluoromethylated 6‐Aryl‐pyridazines Fused with Thiazolidine or 1,2,4‐Triazole.
Authors: Brule Cedric , Bouillon Jean‐Philippe , Nicolai Eric , Portella Charles
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Multi‐component Reactions Between 2‐Aminopyrimidine, Aldehydes and Isonitriles: The Use of a Nonpolar Solvent Suppresses Formation of Multiple Products.
Authors: Parchinsky Vladislav Z. , Shuvalova Olga , Ushakova Olga , Kravchenko Dmitry V. , Krasavin Mikhail
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Pyridobenzodiazepines: A Novel Class of Orally Active, Vasopressin V2 Receptor Selective Agonists.
Authors: Failli Amedeo A. , et al. et al.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Tetrahydropyridine (THP) Ring Expansion under the Action of Activated Terminal Alkynes. The First Synthesis and X‐Ray Crystal Structure of Tetrahydropyrimido[4,5‐d]azocines.
Authors: Voskressensky Leonid G. , Borisova Tatiana N. , Kostenev Innokenti s. , Kulikova Larisa N. , Varlamov Alexey V.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Novel Heterocyclic System: Benzo[b]furo[4,3,2‐ef][1]benzoxepin.
Authors: Yamskov A. N. , Samet A. V. , Semenov V. V.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Stereoisomerization of 2‐(1‐Alkoxyimino‐2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl)‐5‐trimethylsilylfurans.
Authors: Melnik Yu. , Vorona M. , Veinberg G. , Popelis J. , Ignatovich L. , Lukevics E.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Studies on Organophosphorus Compounds. Part 135. A Facial Chemoenzymatic Method for the Preparation of Chiral 1,2‐Dihydroxy‐3,3,3‐trifluoropropanephosphonates.
Authors: Yuan Chengye , Li Jinfeng , Zhang Wenchi
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Improved Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Fluorine‐Substituted 3‐Biaryl‐1‐ferrocenyl‐2‐propen‐1‐one.
Authors: Song Qing‐bao , Lin Ru‐xiang , Teng Ming‐yu , Zhang Jie , Ma Chun‐an
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of New Double (Spin and Fluorescence) Sensor Reagents and Labels.
Authors: Bognar Balazs , Osz Erzsebet , Hideg Kalman , Kalai Tamas
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of New β‐Amino Acids via 5‐Oxazolidinones and the Arndt—Eistert Procedure.
Authors: Hughes Andrew B. , Sleebs Brad E.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Novel Approach to the Synthesis of N‐Substituted 1‐C‐Aminomethyl Glycofuranosides.
Authors: Vera‐Ayoso Yolanda , Borrachero Pastora , Cabrera‐Escribano Francisca , Gomez‐Guillen Manuel , Vogel Pierre
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Synthesis of Asperlicin D.
Authors: Al‐Said Naim H. , Al‐Qaisi Lina S.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Formal Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Trachelanthamidine.
Authors: Chang Meng‐Yang , Wu Dong‐Ciao , Chang Nein‐Chen
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthetic Sulfated Glucuronosyl Paragloboside (SGPG) and Its Use for the Detection of Autoimmune Peripheral Neuropathies.
Authors: Chevalier Reynald , Colsch Benoit , Afonso Carlos , Baumann Nicole , Tabet Jean‐Claude , Mallet Jean‐Maurice
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Convergent Synthesis of N‐Glycopeptides.
Authors: Kaneshiro Clyde M. , Michael Katja
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Synthesis of β‐Hydroxy‐α‐amino Acids
Authors: Makino Kazuishi , Hamada Yasumasa
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Development of Highly Chemoselective Hydrogenation Using Novel Palladium(0)‐Fibroin Catalyst
Authors: Ikawa Takashi , Sajiki Hironao , Hirota Kosaku
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Syntheses of Polyfunctionalized Compounds Using Nitroisoxazolones
Authors: Nishiwaki Nagatoshi , Tamura Mina , Ariga Masahiro
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Benefits of the Multi‐Target Approach in Drug Design and Discovery
Authors: Espinoza‐Fonseca L. Michel
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Direct Reversal of DNA Alkylation Damage
Authors: Mishina Yukiko , Duguid Erica M. , He Chuan
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Molecular Mechnisms of Mammalian Global Genome Nucleotide Excision Repair
Authors: Gillet Ludovic C. J. , Schaerer Orlando D.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Power Ultrasoud in Organic Synthesis: Moving Cavitational Chemistry from Academia to Innovative and Large‐Scale Applications
Authors: Cravotto Giancarlo , Cintas Pedro
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Theoretical Aspects of Microwave Dielectric Heating
Authors: Michael D. , Mingos P.
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microorganisms in Inorganic Chemical Analysis
Authors: Godlewska‐Zylkiewicz Beata
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Strategies for High‐Resolution Proton Spectroscopy in Solid‐State NMR
Authors: Vinogradov Elena , Madhu P. K. , Vega Shimon
Published: April 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Characteristics of patients and predictors of in‐hospital mortality after hospitalization for head and neck cancers
Authors: Allareddy Veerasathpurush , Konety Badrinath R.
Published: April 2006

BACKGROUND

The objectives of this study were to describe the characteristics of patients who were hospitalized for head and neck cancer (HNC) during the years 2000 through 2003 and to identify predictors of in‐hospital mortality.

METHODS

The Nationwide Inpatient Sample for the years 2000 through 2003 was used. All patients who had a primary diagnosis of any of the HNCs were included in the study. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify patient and hospital characteristics that were associated with in‐hospital mortality.

RESULTS

In total, 24,803 patients were hospitalized for HNCs. The average age of patients was 62 years, the mean length of stay in the hospital was 7.89 days, and the in‐hospital mortality rate was 5.18%. Patients who had comorbid conditions and complications and patients who were grouped under the self‐pay/no charge/others category had greater odds of in‐hospital mortality compared with patients who were covered by private insurance (P<.02). Patients who were treated in large‐bed, urban, or teaching hospitals had lower odds of in‐hospital mortality compared with patients who were treated in small or medium‐bed, rural, or nonteaching hospitals, respectively(P<.03).

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with comorbid conditions and complications and patients without adequate insurance coverage had greater odds of in‐hospital mortality. One reason for this may be inadequate access to care because of the absence of insurance or underinsurance. Further studies controlling for disease stage will be required to determine whether insurance status and patient‐related factors can influence outcomes from HNC in individual patients independent of their disease stage. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
The First Sandwich Complex with an Octa(thioether) Coordination Sphere: Bis(maleonitrile‐tetrathia‐12‐crown‐4)silver(I)
Authors: Holdt Hans‐Jürgen , Müller Holger , Pötter Matthias , Kelling Alexandra , Schilde Uwe , Starke Ines , Heydenreich Matthias , Kleinpeter Erich
Published: April 2006

The new tetrathiacrown ethers maleonitrile‐tetrathia‐12‐crown‐4 (mn12S4) and maleonitrile‐tetrathia‐13‐crown‐4 (mn13S4) have been prepared and characterised by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. These crown ethers form 2:1, 3:2 and 1:1 complexes with AgY (Y = BF4, PF6). The crystal structures of [Ag(mn12S4)2]BF4 (3a), [Ag(mn13S4)2]BF4 (4a) and [Ag2(mn13S4)3](PF6)2 (6b) have been determined. Compound 3a contains the centrosymmetric sandwich complex cation [Ag(mn12S4)2]+ where each mn12S4 ligand is coordinated to the Ag centre in an endo manner through all four S atoms. The 2:1 complex [Ag(mn12S4)2]+ is the first sandwich complex with a tetrathiacrown ether and the first complex with an octa(thioether) coordination sphere. The crystal structure of compound 4a also reveals a 2:1 complex. This complex, [Ag(mn13S4)2]+, exhibits a half‐sandwich structure. One mn13S4 ligand coordinates to Ag+ by all four S donor atoms and the other 13S4 crown by only one S atom. Compound 6b contains a dinuclear Ag complex. The Ag complexes 3a,b–8a,b were also studied by electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. Collision‐induced dissociation (CID) was used to compare the relative stability of 2:1 complexes [AgL2]+ and 1:1 complexes [AgL]+ (L = mn12S4, mn13S4). The 13C NMR chemical shifts of 2:1 and 1:1 Ag complexes and their corresponding free ligands were also estimated and compared. The free energy of the barrier of ring inversion (ΔG‡) for [Ag(mn12S4)2]+ was determined to be 64 kJ mol–1. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Kinetics of (Porphyrin)manganese(III)‐Catalyzed Olefin Epoxidation with a Soluble Iodosylbenzene Derivative
Authors: Collman James P. , Zeng Li , Wang Hong J. H. , Lei Aiwen , Brauman John I.
Published: April 2006

We examined the kinetics of a well‐behaved system for homogeneous porphyrin‐catalyzed olefin epoxidation with a soluble iodosylbenzene derivative 1 as the terminal oxidant and Mn(TPFPP)Cl (2) as the catalyst. The epoxidation rates were measured by using the initial rate method, and the epoxidation products were determined by gas chromatography. The epoxidation rate was found to be first order with respect to the porphyrin catalyst and zero order on the terminal oxidant. In addition, we found the rate law to be sensitive to the nature and concentration of olefin substrates. Saturation kinetics were observed with all olefin substrates at high olefin concentrations, and the kinetic data are consistent with a Michaelis–Menten kinetic model. According to the observed saturation kinetic results, we propose that there is a complexation between the active oxidant and the substrate, and the rate‐determining step is thought to be the breakdown of this putative substrate–oxidant complex that generates the epoxidation products and the resting state porphyrin catalyst. Competitive epoxidations further indicate a reversible complexation of the active oxidant and the olefin substrate. The activation parameters ΔH‡ and ΔS‡ for the oxygen‐transfer process (k2) in the cis‐cyclooctene epoxidation were determined to be 12.3 ± 0.9 kcal mol–1 and–15.6 ± 3.2 cal mol–1 K–1, respectively. In addition, the Hammett constant ρ+ was measured for the epoxidation of para‐substituted styrenes, and the value of –0.27 ± 0.04 is too low to be consistent with the involvement of a discrete carbocation in the transition state. We also prepared a (porphyrin)manganese catalyst immobilized on silica support, and found the epoxidation of cis‐cyclooctene catalyzed by this heterogeneous catalyst proceeds at virtually the same turnover frequency as by the homogeneous porphyrin catalyst. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Enhancing the quality of teaching in Canada
Authors: Donald Janet Gail
Published: April 2006

Multiple jurisdictions engender variegated governance procedures for improving quality in the universities of Canada.
An agent‐based system to discover protein–protein interactions, identify protein complexes and proteins with multiple peptide mass fingerprints
Authors: Lee Tzong‐Yi , Horng Jorng‐Tzong , Juan Hsueh‐Fen , Huang Hsien‐Da , Wu Li‐Cheng , Tsai Meng‐Fong , Huang Hsuan‐Cheng
Published: April 2006

Proteins “work together” by actually binding to form multicomponent complexes that carry out specific functions. Proteomic analyses based on the mass spectrum are now key methods to determine the components in protein complexes. The protein–protein interaction or functional association may be known to exist among the extracted protein spots while analyzing the proteins on the 2D gel. In this study, we develop an agent‐based system, namely AgentMultiProtIdent, which integrated two protein identification tools and a variety of databases storing relations among proteins and used to discover protein–protein interactions and protein functional associations, and identify protein complexes and proteins with multiple peptide mass fingerprints as input. The system takes Multiple Peptide Mass Fingerprints (PMFs) as a whole in the protein complex or protein identification. With the relations among proteins, it may greatly improve the accuracy of identification of protein complexes. Also, possible relationship of the multiple peptide mass fingerprints, such as ontology relation, can be discovered by our system, especially in the identification of protein complexes. The agent‐based system is now available on the Web at http://dbms104.csie.ncu.edu.tw/∼protein/NEW2/. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 27: 1020–1032, 2006
Electroluminescent copolymers based on dihexylfluorene and 2‐{2,6‐bis[2‐(4‐diphenylaminophenyl)vinyl]pyran‐4‐ylidene}malononitrile units
Authors: Kim Joo Hyun , You Nam‐Ho , Lee Hoosung
Published: April 2006

A series of statistical copolymers (poly[(9,9‐di‐n‐hexylfluorene)‐co‐2‐{2,6‐bis‐[2‐(4‐diphenylaminophenyl)vinyl]pyran‐4‐ylidene}malononitrile) were synthesized by the Suzuki coupling reaction. The copolymers showed absorption bands at 379 and 483–489 nm, which were attributed to the oligofluorene segments and the segments containing 2‐[2,6‐bis(2‐{4‐[(4‐bromophenyl)phenylamino]phenyl}vinyl)pyran‐4‐ylidene]malononitrile (3), respectively. The absorption band around 483–489 nm increased with the feed ratio of 3. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the copolymers showed emission bands at 420 and 573–620 nm. As the feed ratio of 3 increased, the PL emission in the longer wavelength region redshifted, and the intensity increased as well. The electroluminescence (EL) spectrum of the copolymers showed a very weak emission at 420 nm. The PL and EL emission colors redshifted dramatically with the increase in the feed ratio of 3. The highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels of the model compound (2‐{2,6‐bis[2‐(4‐diphenylaminophenyl)vinyl]pyran‐4‐ylidene}malononitrile) were determined to be −5.34 and −3.14 eV, respectively. It was concluded that energy transfer took place from the oligofluorene blocks to the segments containing 3 and that direct charge trapping occurred in the segments containing 3 during the EL operation. The Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates of the copolymer (x = 0.63, y = 0.37) containing 10 mol % 3 were very close to those (x = 0.67, y = 0.33) for National Television System Committee (NTSC) red with a maximum photometric power efficiency of 0.27 cd/A. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 3729–3737, 2006
Excess methionine suppresses the methylation cycle and inhibits neural tube closure in mouse embryos
Authors: Dunlevy Louisa P.E. , Burren Katie A. , Chitty Lyn S. , Copp Andrew J. , Greene Nicholas D.E.
Published: April 2006

Suppression of one‐carbon metabolism or insufficient methionine intake are suggested to increase risk of neural tube defects (NTD). Here, exogenous methionine unexpectedly caused frequent NTD in cultured mouse embryos. NTD were associated with reduced cranial mesenchyme cell density, which may result from a preceding reduction in proliferation. The abundance ratio ofS‐adenosylmethionine toS‐adenosylhomocysteine was also decreased in treated embryos, suggesting methylation reactions may be suppressed. Such an effect is potentially causative as NTD were also observed when DNA methylation was specifically inhibited. Thus, reduced cranial mesenchyme density and impairment of critical methylation reactions may contribute to development of methionine‐induced NTD.
CONFRONTING CONSUMERISM
Authors: SINGAL DANIEL J.
Published: April 2006

Kathleen G. Donohue, Freedom from Want: American Liberalism and the Idea of the Consumer (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003)

Jonathan M. Hansen, The Lost Promise of Patriotism: Debating American Identity, 1890–1920 (University of Chicago Press, 2003)

Daniel Horowitz, The Anxieties of Affluence: Critiques of American Consumer Culture, 1939–1979 (University of Massachusetts Press, 2004)

To recapture the ideal vision that many late nineteenth-century American thinkers held for their society one can do no better than Edward Bellamy's utopian novel, Looking Backward, 1887–2000 (1888). In it Bellamy transports his young protagonist, Julian West, from the Boston of his day to a far more appealing version of the same city imagined as it was about to enter the twenty-first century. Julian finds a consumers' paradise, where each citizen receives a credit card to use in selecting from a virtually limitless variety of goods available for sale at local distribution centers. With everyone receiving a per capita share of the burgeoning national output, the entire society has now become securely middle class. Indeed, there is so much wealth that citizens are actively encouraged to spend rather than save. “The nation is rich,” we are told, “and does not wish the people to deprive themselves of any good thing.” Labor unions, strikes, and class conflict have all become a distant memory. Along with the working class, the unsightly factories that once dominated so much of the urban landscape have essentially vanished. A cornucopia of goods miraculously appears, with the apparatus required for manufacturing them entirely out of sight. Given this happy state of affairs, all citizens exhibit a strong degree of patriotism. Dissent and disloyalty have become unknown, since there is no longer any need for them.
The Usefulness of in vitro Models to Predict the Bioavailability of Iron and Zinc: A Consensus Statement From the HarvestPlus Expert Consultation
Authors: Fairweather-Tait Sue , Lynch Sean , Hotz Christine , Hurrell Richard , Abrahamse Leo , Beebe Steve , Bering Stine , Bukhave Klaus , Glahn Ray , Hambidge Michael , Hunt Janet , Lonnerdal Bo , Miller Denis , Mohktar Najat , Nestel Penelope , Reddy Manju , Sandberg Ann-Sofie , Sharp Paul , Teucher Birgit , Trinidad P. Trinidad
Published: April 2006

A combination of dietary and host-related factors determines iron and zinc absorption, and several in vitro methods have been developed as preliminary screening tools for assessing bioavailability. An expert committee has reviewed evidence for their usefulness and reached a consensus. Dialyzability (with and without simulated digestion) gives some useful information but cannot predict the correct magnitude of response and may sometimes predict the wrong direction of response. Caco-2 cell systems (with and without simulated digestion) have been developed for iron availability, but the magnitude of different effects does not always agree with results obtained in human volunteers, and the data for zinc are too limited to draw conclusions about the validity of the method. Caco-2 methodologies vary significantly between laboratories and require experienced technicians and good quality cell culture facilities to obtain reproducible results. Algorithms can provide semi-quantitative information enabling diets to be classified as high, moderate, or low bioavailability. While in vitro methods can be used to generate ideas and develop hypotheses, they cannot be used alone for important decisions concerning food fortification policy, selection of varieties for plant breeding programs, or for new product development in the food industry. Ultimately human studies are required for such determinations.
Zur klinischen Aussagekraft des SON-R 2½ - 7
Authors: Janke Nina , Petermann Franz
Published: April 2006

Zusammenfassung. Die Aussagekraft des Snijders-Oomen Non-verbalen Intelligenztests (SON-R 2½ - 7) wird bei Kindern mit spezifischen klinischen Diagnosen untersucht (N = 625). Die Ergebnisse belegen den Einsatz des Verfahrens vor allem im sonder- und heilpädagogischen Bereich für Kinder im Alter von drei bis sechs Jahren. Der Beitrag zeigt Ergebnisprofile u. a. für die Diagnosen Sprachentwicklungsstörung, Allgemeine Entwicklungsverzögerung und Intelligenzminderung. Die diagnosenspezifischen Unterschiede auf Untertest- und Skalenniveau werden diskutiert. Die Fähigkeit des SON-R 2½ - 7, zwischen klinischen Gruppen mit unterschiedlicher Beeinträchtigung des Intelligenzniveaus zu differenzieren, kann belegt werden.
Precise estimation of in situ geopotential differences from GRACE low‐low satellite‐to‐satellite tracking and accelerometer data
Authors: Han Shin‐Chan , Shum C. K. , Jekeli Christopher
Published: April 2006

The precise determination of in situ geopotential differences at satellite altitude was demonstrated by simultaneously adjusting the orbits of the coorbiting GRACE satellites with intersatellite low‐low range rate measurements. The results agree well (correlation coefficients 0.5–0.8) with the monthly solutions of the spherical harmonic coefficients estimated using contemporary methods of precise orbit determination and parameter recovery. Higher correlation (>0.8 in general) was found for the in situ estimates over the continents than over the oceans. The analysis of 4 months of GRACE satellite‐to‐satellite tracking data from July 2003 to October 2003 indicated a significant migration of mass over the Amazon basin (hydrological effect), which agreed well with the predictions from the published monthly mean global gravity field solutions. Our results demonstrate the validity and utility of this alternative technique for global and especially regional modeling of the gravity field and its variation with temporal and spatial resolutions finer than monthly and 1000 km, respectively.