bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On sets that are uniquely determined by a restricted set of integrals
Authors: Kemperman J. H. B.
Published: June 2012

In many applied areas, such as tomography and crystallography, one is confronted by an unknown subset

S
S

of a measure space

(
X
,
λ
)

(X,\lambda )

such as

R

n

{{\mathbf {R}}^n}

, or an unknown function

0
⩽
ϕ
⩽
1

0 \leqslant \phi \leqslant 1

on

X
X

, having known moments (integrals) relative to a specified class

F
F

of functions

f
:
X
→

R

f:X \to {\mathbf {R}}

. Usually, these

F
F

-moments do not fully determine the object

S
S

or function

ϕ
\phi

. We will say that

S
S

is a set of uniqueness if no other function

0
⩽
ψ
⩽
1

0 \leqslant \psi \leqslant 1

has the same

F
F

-moments as

S
S

in so far as the latter moments exist. Here,

S
S

is identified with its indicator function. Within this general setting and with no further assumptions, we develop a powerful sufficient condition for uniqueness, called generalized additivity. When

F
F

is a finite class, this condition of generalized additivity is shown to be also necessary for uniqueness. For each

ϕ
\phi

, which is not the indicator function of a set of uniqueness, there exist infinitely many sets having the same

F
F

-moments as

ϕ
\phi

, provided

(
X
,
λ
,
F
)

(X,\lambda ,F)

is nonatomic or regular and, moreover, ‘strongly rich’, a condition which is satisfied in many applications. Using such general results, we also study the uniqueness problem for measures with given marginals relative to a given system of projections

π
j

:
X
→

Y
j

(
j
∈
J
)

{\pi _j}:X \to {Y_j}(j \in J)

. Here, one likes to know, for instance, what subsets

S
S

of

X
X

are uniquely determined by the corresponding set of projections (X-ray pictures). It is allowed that

λ
(
S
)
=
∞

\lambda (S) = \infty

. Our results are also relevant to a wide class of optimization problems.
The two-sided Stefan problem with a spatially dependent latent heat
Authors: McConnell Terry R.
Published: June 2012

We prove existence and uniqueness of solutions to a problem which generalizes the two-sided Stefan problem. The initial temperature distribution and variable latent heat may be given by positive measures rather than point functions, and the free boundaries which result are essentially arbitrary increasing functions which need not exhibit any degree of smoothness in general. Nevertheless, the solutions are "classical" in the sense that all derivatives and boundary values have the classical interpretation. We also study connections with the Skorohod embedding problem of probability theory and with a general class of optimal stopping problems.
Effective lower bounds for the norm of the Poincaré Θ-operator
Authors: Sheingorn Mark
Published: June 2012

Motivated by McMullen’s proof of Kra’s conjecture that the norm of the Poincaré theta operator

Θ

q
,
Γ

{\Theta _{q,\Gamma }}

is less than

1
1

for every

q
q

and

Γ
\Gamma

of finite volume, this paper provides explicit lower bounds for this norm. These bounds are sufficient to show that

‖

Θ

q
,
Γ

‖

→
1

\left \| {{\Theta _{q,\Gamma }}} \right \| \to 1

for fixed

Γ
\Gamma

as

q
→
∞

q \to \infty

. Here the difference from

1
1

is less than

O
(

(
2
π
e
)

q
−
2

q

q
−
2

)

O(\frac {{{{(2\pi e)}^{q - 2}}}}{{{q^{q - 2}}}})

. For

Γ
(
N
)
⊆
Γ
⊆

Γ
0

(
N
)

\Gamma (N) \subseteq \Gamma \subseteq {\Gamma _0}(N)

,

‖

Θ

q
,
Γ

‖

→
1

\left \| {{\Theta _{q,\Gamma }}} \right \| \to 1

for fixed

q
q

as

N
→
∞

N \to \infty

. Here the difference from

1
1

is

O
(

N

35
−
q

)

O({N^{35 - q}})

. We prove these results by estimating
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="StartFraction double-vertical-bar normal upper Theta Subscript q comma normal upper Gamma Baseline left-parenthesis f Subscript p Baseline right-parenthesis double-vertical-bar Subscript upper A Sub Subscript q Subscript left-parenthesis normal upper Gamma right-parenthesis Baseline Over double-vertical-bar f Subscript p Baseline double-vertical-bar Subscript upper A Sub Subscript q Subscript Baseline EndFraction">

‖

Θ

q
,
Γ

(

f
p

)

‖

A
q

(
Γ
)

‖

f
p

‖

A
q

\frac {{{{\left \| {{\Theta _{q,\Gamma }}({f_p})} \right \|}_{{A_q}(\Gamma )}}}} {{{{\left \| {{f_p}} \right \|}_{{A_q}}}}}

where the

f
p

{f_p}

are cusp forms of weight

p
≤
q
−
2

p \leq q - 2

. (Thus such functions may in general tend to optimize

Θ

q
,
Γ

{\Theta _{q,\Gamma }}

.) In the case of the congruence subgroups they are taken to be products of

Δ
\Delta

and Eisenstein series. Effective formulae are presented for all implied constants.
A direct geometric proof of the Lefschetz fixed point formulas
Authors: Lafferty John D. , Yu Yan Lin , Weiping Zhang
Published: June 2012

In this paper we prove the Lefschetz fixed point formulas of Atiyah, Singer, Segal, and Bott for isometries by using the direct geometric method initiated by Patodi.
L’espace des pseudo-arcs d’une surface
Authors: Cauty Robert
Published: June 2012

We prove that, for any surface

M
M

, the space of pseudo-arcs contained in

M
M

is homeomorphic to

M
×

l
2

M \times {l^2}

.
Résolvant généralisé et séparation des points singuliers quasi-Fredholm
Authors: Labrousse J.-Ph. , Mbekhta M.
Published: June 2012

C. Apostol et K. Clancey (Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 215 (1976), 293-300), ont introduit la notion de "projection spectrale généralisée". Cette notion permet, en particulier, de séparer les ensembles finis de points singuliers dans le domaine semi-Fredholm

(

ρ

s
ϕ

(
A
)
)

({\rho _{s\phi }}(A))

d’un opérateur

A
A

borné dans un Hilbert H. Dans ce travail, on se propose de généraliser ce résultat au domaine quasi-Fredholm de

A
(

ρ

q
ϕ

(
A
)
)

A({\rho _{q\phi }}(A))

, et pour cela, nous donnons une nouvelle représentation triangulaire du type d’Apostol. D’autre part on construit, pour un opérateur fermé à domaine dense dans

H
H

, un résolvant généralisé vérifiant l’identité de la résolvante et analytique dans le domaine régulier de Fredholm de

A
(

ρ
ϕ
r

(
A
)
)

A(\rho _\phi ^r(A))

sauf éventuellement sur un ensemble au plus dénombrable de points situés prés de la frontière de

ρ
ϕ

(
A
)

{\rho _\phi }(A)

.
Stability for an inverse problem in potential theory
Authors: Bellout Hamid , Friedman Avner , Isakov Victor
Published: June 2012

Let

D
D

be a subdomain of a bounded domain

Ω
\Omega

in

R

n

{\mathbb {R}^n}

. The conductivity coefficient of

D
D

is a positive constant

k
≠
1

k \ne 1

and the conductivity of

Ω
∖
D

\Omega \backslash D

is equal to

1
1

. For a given current density

g
g

on

∂
Ω

\partial \Omega

, we compute the resulting potential

u
u

and denote by

f
f

the value of

u
u

on

∂
Ω

\partial \Omega

. The general inverse problem is to estimate the location of

D
D

from the known measurements of the voltage

f
f

. If

D
h

{D_h}

is a family of domains for which the Hausdorff distance

d
(
D
,

D
h

)

d(D,{D_h})

equal to

O
(
h
)

O(h)

(

h
h

small), then the corresponding measurements

f
h

{f_h}

are

O
(
h
)

O(h)

close to

f
f

. This paper is concerned with proving the inverse, that is,

d
(
D
,

D
h

)
≤

1
c

‖

f
h

−
f
‖

d(D,{D_h}) \leq \frac {1}{c}\left \| {f_h} - f\right \|

,

c
>
0

c > 0

; the domains

D
D

and

D
h

{D_h}

are assumed to be piecewise smooth. If

n
≥
3

n \geq 3

, we assume in proving the above result, that

D
h

⊃
D

{D_h} \supset D

(or

D
h

⊂
D

{D_h} \subset D

) for all small

h
h

. For

n
=
2

n = 2

this monotonicity condition is dropped, provided

g
g

is appropriately chosen. The above stability estimate provides quantitative information on the location of

D
h

{D_h}

by means of

f
h

{f_h}

.
Boundaries of Markov partitions
Authors: Ashley Jonathan , Kitchens Bruce , Stafford Matthew
Published: June 2012

The core of a Markov partition is the nonwandering set of the map restricted to the boundary of the partition. We show that the core of a Markov partition is always a finitely presented system. Then we show that every one sided sofic system occurs as the core of a Markov partition for an

n
n

-fold covering map on the circle and every two sided sofic system occurs as the core of a Markov partition for a hyperbolic automorphism of the two dimensional torus.
Orbits in unimodular Hermitian lattices
Authors: James Donald G.
Published: June 2012

Let

L
L

be a unimodular indefinite hermitian lattice over the integers

o

\mathfrak {o}

of an algebraic number field, and

N
(
L
,
c
)

N(L,c)

the number of primitive representations of

c
∈

o

c \in \mathfrak {o}

by

L
L

that are inequalivant modulo the action of the integral special unitary group

S
U
(
L
)

SU(L)

on

L
L

. The value of

N
(
L
,
c
)

N(L,c)

is determined from the local representations via a product formula.
Unknotted solid tori and genus one Whitehead manifolds
Authors: Brown Edward M.
Published: June 2012

In this paper we study contractible open

3
3

-manifolds which are monotone unions of solid tori and which embed in a compact

3
3

-manifold. We show that the tori are unknotted in later tori. We then study pairs of unknotted solid tori, and prove a unique prime decomposition theorem. This is applied to the open

3
3

-manifolds above to get an essentially unique prime decomposition. A number of examples in the literature are analyzed, and some new examples are constructed.
On Auslander-Reiten components of blocks and self-injective biserial algebras
Authors: Erdmann Karin , Skowroński Andrzej
Published: June 2012

We investigate the existence of Auslander-Reiten components of Euclidean type for special biserial self-injective algebras and for blocks of group algebras. In particular we obtain a complete description of stable Auslander-Reiten quivers for the tame self-injective algebras considered here.
A dynamical proof of the multiplicative ergodic theorem
Authors: Walters Peter
Published: June 2012

We shall give a proof of the following result of Oseledec, in which

G
L
(
d
)

GL(d)

denotes the space of invertible

d
×
d

d \times d

real matrices,

|

|

∙

|

|

|| \bullet ||

denotes any norm on the space of

d
×
d

d \times d

matrices, and

log
+

(
t
)
=
max
(
0
,
log
⁡
(
t
)
)

{\log ^+ }(t) = \max (0,\log (t))

for

t
∈
[
0
,
∞
)

t \in [0,\infty )

.
Computing the equations of a variety
Authors: Brundu Michela , Stillman Mike
Published: June 2012

Let

X
⊂

P

n

X \subset {\mathbb {P}^n}

be a projective variety or subscheme, and let

F

\mathcal {F}

be an invertible sheaf on

X
X

. A set of global sections of

F

\mathcal {F}

determines a map from a Zariski open subset of

X
X

to

P

r

{\mathbb {P}^r}

. The purpose of this paper is to find, given

X
X

and

F

\mathcal {F}

, the homogeneous ideal defining the image in

P

r

{\mathbb {P}^r}

of this rational map. We present algorithms to compute the ideal of the image. These algorithms can be implemented using only the computation of Gröbner bases and syzygies, and they have been implemented in our computer algebra system Macaulay. Our methods generalize to include the case when

X
X

is an arbitrary projective scheme and

F

\mathcal {F}

is generically invertible.
The structure of random partitions of large integers
Authors: Fristedt Bert
Published: June 2012

Random partitions of integers are treated in the case where all partitions of an integer are assumed to have the same probability. The focus is on limit theorems as the number being partitioned approaches

∞
\infty

. The limiting probability distribution of the appropriately normalized number of parts of some small size is exponential. The large parts are described by a particular Markov chain. A central limit theorem and a law of large numbers holds for the numbers of intermediate parts of certain sizes. The major tool is a simple construction of random partitions that treats the number being partitioned as a random variable. The same technique is useful when some restriction is placed on partitions, such as the requirement that all parts must be distinct.
Sets of determination for harmonic functions
Authors: Gardiner Stephen J.
Published: June 2012

Let

h
h

denote a positive harmonic function on the open unit ball

B
B

of Euclidean space

R

n

(
n
≥
2
)

{{\mathbf {R}}^n}\;(n \geq 2)

. This paper characterizes those subsets

E
E

of

B
B

for which

sup
E

H

/

h
=

sup
B

H

/

h

{\sup _E}H/h = {\sup _B}H/h

or

inf
E

H

/

h
=

inf
B

H

/

h

{\inf _E}H/h = {\inf _B}H/h

for all harmonic functions

H
H

belonging to a specified class. In this regard we consider the classes of positive harmonic functions, differences of positive harmonic functions, and harmonic functions with a one-sided quasi-boundedness condition. We also consider the closely related question of representing functions on the sphere

∂
B

\partial B

as sums of Poisson kernels corresponding to points in

E
E

.
Characterization of eigenfunctions of the Laplacian by boundedness conditions
Authors: Strichartz Robert S.
Published: June 2012

If

{

f
k

(
x
)

}

k
∈

Z

{\{ {f_k}(x)\} _{k \in \mathbb {Z}}}

is a doubly infinite sequence of functions on

R

n

{\mathbb {R}^n}

which are uniformly bounded and such that

Δ

f
k

=

f

k
+
1

\Delta {f_k} = {f_{k + 1}}

, then

Δ

f
0

=
−

f
0

\Delta {f_0} = - {f_0}

. This generalizes a theorem of Roe

(
n
=
1
)

(n = 1)

. The analogous statement is true on the Heisenberg group, but false in hyperbolic space.
Homogeneous chaos, 𝑝-forms, scaling and the Feynman integral
Authors: Johnson G. W. , Kallianpur G.
Published: June 2012

In a largely heuristic but fascinating recent paper, Hu and Meyer have given a "formula" for the Feynman integral of a random variable

f
f

on Wiener space in terms of the expansion of

f
f

in Wiener chaos. The surprising properties of scaling in Wiener space make the problem of rigorously connecting this formula with the usual definition of the analytic Feynman integral a subtle one. One of the main tools in carrying this out is our definition of the ’natural extension’ of

p
p

th homogeneous chaos in terms of the ’scale-invariant lifting’ of

p
p

-forms on the white noise space

L
2

(

R

+

)

{L^2}({\mathbb {R}_ + })

connected with Wiener space. The key result in our development says that if

f
p

{f_p}

is a symmetric function in

L
2

(

R

+
p

)

{L^2}(\mathbb {R}_ + ^p)

and

ψ
p

(

f
p

)

{\psi _p}({f_p})

is the associated

p
p

-form on

L
2

(

R

+

)

{L^2}({\mathbb {R}_ + })

, then

ψ
p

(

f
p

)

{\psi _p}({f_p})

has a scaled

L
2

{L^2}

-lifting if and only if the ’

k
k

th limiting trace’ of

f
p

{f_p}

exists for

k
=
0
,
1
,
…
,
[
p

/

2
]

k = 0,1, \ldots ,[p/2]

. This necessary and sufficient condition for the lifting of a

p
p

-form on white noise space to a random variable on Wiener space is a worthwhile contribution to white noise theory apart from any connection with the Feynman integral since

p
p

-forms play a role in white noise calculus analogous to the role played by

p
p

th homogeneous chaos in Wiener calculus. Various

k
k

-traces arise naturally in this subject; we study some of their properties and relationships. The limiting

k
k

-trace plays the most essential role for us.
An isoperimetric inequality for Artin groups of finite type
Authors: Tatsuoka Kay
Published: June 2012

We show that Artin groups of finite type satisfy a quadratic isoperimetric inequality. Moreover we describe an explicit algorithm to solve the word problem in quadratic time.
Stability of special instanton bundles on 𝑃²ⁿ⁺¹
Authors: Ancona Vincenzo , Ottaviani Giorgio
Published: June 2012

We prove that the special instanton bundles of rank

2
n

2n

on

P

2
n
+
1

(

C

)

{\mathbb {P}^{2n + 1}}(\mathbb {C})

with a symplectic structure studied by Spindler and Trautmann are stable in the sense of Mumford-Takemoto. This implies that the generic special instanton bundle is stable. Moreover all instanton bundles on

P

5

{\mathbb {P}^5}

are stable. We get also the stability of other related vector bundles.
Regularity of algebras related to the Sklyanin algebra
Authors: Stafford J. T.
Published: June 2012

This paper continues the research of [SS] by finding further examples of (Artin-Schelter) regular rings of dimension four. Unlike the threedimensional case studied in [ATV1, 2], these examples show that the fourdimensional regular rings are not uniquely determined by their associated geometric data. Indeed, we find a one-parameter family of regular algebras associated to this data.
3-primary 𝑣₁-periodic homotopy groups of 𝐹₄ and 𝐸₆
Authors: Bendersky Martin , Davis Donald M.
Published: June 2012

We compute the 3-primary

v
1

{v_1}

-periodic homotopy groups of the exceptional Lie groups

F
4

{F_4}

and

E
6

{E_6}

. The unstable Novikov spectral sequence is used for the most delicate part of the analysis.
Connections with exotic holonomy
Authors: Schwachhöfer Lorenz J.
Published: June 2012

Berger [Ber] partially classified the possible irreducible holonomy representations of torsion free connections on the tangent bundle of a manifold. However, it was shown by Bryant [Bry] that Berger’s list is incomplete. Connections whose holonomy is not contained on Berger’s list are called exotic. We investigate a certain 4-dimensional exotic holonomy representation of

S
l
(
2
,

R

)

Sl(2,\mathbb {R})

. We show that connections with this holonomy are never complete and do not exist on compact manifolds. We give explicit descriptions of these connections on an open dense set and compute their groups of symmetry.
Distribution of partial sums of the Taylor development of rational functions
Authors: Nestoridis V.
Published: June 2012

Let

f
f

be a rational function regular at

0
0

, which is not a polynomial; let

S
N

(
z
)
,

N
=
0
,
1
,
2
,
…
,
z
∈

C

{S_N}(z),\;N = 0,1,2, \ldots ,z \in \mathbb {C}

, denote the partial sums of the Taylor development of

f
f

. We investigate the angular distribution of the sequence

S
N

(
z
)
,

N
=
0
,
1
,
2
,
…

{S_N}(z),\;N = 0,1,2, \ldots

, around

f
(
z
)

f(z)

. We show that for all

z
z

in the plane, except a denumerable union of straight lines passing through

0
0

, this angular distribution exists and is uniform.
Statistical inference based on the possibility and belief measures
Authors: Chen Yuan Yan
Published: June 2012

In statistical inference, we infer the population parameter based on the realization of sample statistics. This can be considered in the framework of inductive inference. We showed, in Chen (1993), that if we measure a parameter by the possibility (or belief) measure, we can have an inductive inference similar to the Bayesian inference in belief update. In this article we apply this inference to statistical estimation and hypotheses evaluation (testing) for some parametric models, and compare them to the classical statistical inferences for both one-sample and two-sample problems.
Linear Chevalley estimates
Authors: Wang Ti
Published: June 2012

A Chevalley estimate for a germ of an analytic mapping

f
f

is a function

l
:

N

→

N

l:\mathbb {N} \to \mathbb {N}

such that if the composite with

f
f

of a germ of an analytic function on the target vanishes to order at least

l
(
k
)

l(k)

, then it vanishes on the image to order at least

k
k

. Work of Izumi revealed the equivalence between regularity of a mapping (in the sense of Gabrielov, see

§
1

\S 1

) and the existence of a linear Chevalley estimate

l
(
k
)

l(k)

. Bierstone and Milman showed that uniformity of the Chevalley estimate is fundamental to several analytic and geometric problems on the images of mappings. The central topic of this article is uniformity of linear Chevalley estimates for regular mappings. We first establish the equivalence between uniformity of a linear Chevalley estimate and uniformity of a "linear product estimate" on the image: A linear product estimate on a local analytic ring (or, equivalently, on a germ of an analytic space) means a bound on the order of vanishing of a product of elements which is linear with respect to the sum of the orders of its factors. We study the linear product estimate in the central case of a hypersurface (i.e., the zero set of an analytic function). Our results show that a linear product estimate is equivalent to an explicit estimate concerning resultants. In the special case of hypersurfaces of multiplicity

2
2

, this allows us to prove uniformity of linear product estimates.
Suppression of Powdery Mildew (Podosphaera pannosa) in Greenhouse Roses by Brief Exposure to Supplemental UV-B radiation
Authors: Suthaparan A. , Stensvand A. , Solhaug K. A. , Torre S. , Mortensen L. M. , Gadoury D. M. , Seem R. C. , Gislerød H. R.
Published: June 2012

Ultraviolet (UV)-B (280 to 315 nm) irradiance from 0.1 to 1.2 W m–2 and exposure times from 2 min to 2 h significantly suppressed powdery mildew (Podosphaera pannosa) in pot rose (Rosa × hybrida ‘Toril’) via reduced spore germination, infection efficiency, disease severity, and sporulation of surviving colonies. Brief daily exposure to UV-B suppressed disease severity by more than 90% compared with unexposed controls, and severity was held at low levels as long as daily brief exposures continued. Selective removal of wavelengths below 290 nm from the UV lamp sources by cellulose diacetate filters resulted in significant reduction of treatment efficacy. Exposure of plants to 2 h of UV-B during night for 1 week followed by inoculation with P. pannosa did not affect subsequent pathogen development, indicating that the treatment effect was directly upon the exposed pathogen and not operated through the host. Following 20 to 30 days of exposure, chlorophyll and flavonoid content was slightly higher in plants exposed to the highest UV-B levels. Brief daily exposure to UV-B for 5 min at 1.2 W m–2 or 1 h at 0.1 W m–2 substantially reduced mildew severity without significant phytotoxicity, and may represent a useful nonchemical option for suppression of powdery mildew in greenhouse roses and, possibly, other crops.
A Nested PCR Assay for Detecting Valsa mali var. mali in Different Tissues of Apple Trees
Authors: Zang Rui , Yin Zhiyuan , Ke Xiwang , Wang Xiaojie , Li Zhengli , Kang Zhensheng , Huang Lili
Published: June 2012

A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for detecting Valsa mali var. mali, the causal agent of apple tree Valsa canker, was developed. One pair of genus-specific primers was designed based on the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer conservative sequence of the Valsa genus and one pair of species-specific primers was designed based on the specific sequence of V. mali var. mali. The specificity of the genus-specific and species-specific primers was evaluated against 10 V. mali var. mali isolates, 10 V. mali var. pyri isolates, 4 isolates from closely related Valsa spp., and 8 isolates from fungal species that are commonly isolated from naturally infected apple bark tissue. A distinct band of 348 bp in length was detected in all V. mali var. mali isolates but not in other tested species and the V. mali var. pyri variety. The sensitivity of this assay was evaluated by serial dilutions of DNA extracted from V. mali var. mali pure cultures and apple bark tissues with or without visible symptoms. The results showed that the assay was able to detect as little as 100 fg of DNA in mycelial samples and apple bark tissues with visible symptoms, whereas the lowest detectable concentration was 10 pg of DNA in symptomless apple bark tissues. The efficiency of the nested PCR assay was compared with that of fungal isolation assays. All symptomless and symptomatic samples from which the pathogen was successfully isolated yielded a PCR product of the expected size. The detection rate of nested PCR for symptomless samples was 64.7%, which was much higher than the detection rate of 20.6% by fungal isolation. The PCR analysis of different symptomless tissues showed that the incidence of V. mali var. mali was different in different tissues of apple trees. The average incidence of V. mali var. mali was 89% in terminal buds, 71% in internodes, and 48% in bud scale scars. Moreover, the incidence of V. mali var. mali in nonsymptomatic tissues was higher in orchards where more trees were infected. Taken together, the assay developed in this study can be used for rapid and reliable detection of V. mali var. mali in tissues of apple trees with or without symptoms and also for monitoring the presence of the pathogen at an early stage of disease development.
Leaf Gas Exchange and Oxidative Stress in Sorghum Plants Supplied with Silicon and Infected by Colletotrichum sublineolum
Authors: Resende Renata Sousa , Rodrigues Fabrício Ávila , Cavatte Paulo Cezar , Martins Samuel Cordeiro Vitor , Moreira Wiler Ribas , Chaves Agnaldo Rodrigues Melo , DaMatta Fábio Murilo
Published: June 2012

Considering the economic importance of anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum sublineolum, and silicon (Si) to enhance sorghum resistance against this disease, this study aimed to investigate the effect of this element on leaf gas exchange and also the antioxidative system when infected by C. sublineolum. Plants from sorghum line CMSXS142 (BR 009 [Tx623] – Texas), growing in hydroponic culture with (+Si, 2 mM) or without (–Si) Si, were inoculated with C. sublineolum. Disease severity was assessed at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days after inoculation (dai) and data were used to calculate the area under anthracnose progress curve (AUAPC). Further, the net carbon assimilation rate (A), stomatal conductance to water vapor (gs), internal-to-ambient CO2 concentration ratio (Ci/Ca), and transpiration rate (E); the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR); the electrolyte leakage (EL), and the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined. The AUAPC was reduced by 86% for the +Si plants compared with the –Si plants. The values of A, gs, and E were lower upon inoculation of –Si plants in contrast to inoculated +Si plants with decreases of 31 and 60% for A, 34 and 61% for gs, and 27 and 57% for E, respectively, at 4 and 8 dai. For the noninoculated plants, there was no significant difference between the –Si and +Si treatments for the values of A, gs, and E. The Ci/Ca ratio was similar between the –Si and +Si treatments, regardless of the pathogen inoculation. The activities of SOD, CAT, APX, and GR tended to be higher in the +Si plants compared with the –Si plants upon inoculation with C. sublineolum. The EL significantly increased for –Si plants compared with +Si plants. The MDA concentration significantly increased by 31 and 38% at 4 and 8 dai, respectively, for the –Si plants compared with the +Si plants. Based on these results, Si may have a positive effect on sorghum physiology when infected by C. sublineolum through the maintenance of carbon fixation and also by enhancing the antioxidant system, which resulted in an increase in reactive oxygen species scavenging and, ultimately, reduced damage to the cell membranes.
Immunofluorescence-guided atomic force microscopy to measure the micromechanical properties of the pericellular matrix of porcine articular cartilage
Authors: Wilusz Rebecca E. , DeFrate Louis E. , Guilak Farshid
Published: June 2012

The pericellular matrix (PCM) is a narrow region that is rich in type VI collagen that surrounds each chondrocyte within the extracellular matrix (ECM) of articular cartilage. Previous studies have demonstrated that the chondrocyte micromechanical environment depends on the relative properties of the chondrocyte, its PCM and the ECM. The objective of this study was to measure the influence of type VI collagen on site-specific micromechanical properties of cartilagein situby combining atomic force microscopy stiffness mapping with immunofluorescence imaging of PCM and ECM regions in cryo-sectioned tissue samples. This method was used to test the hypotheses that PCM biomechanical properties correlate with the presence of type VI collagen and are uniform with depth from the articular surface. Control experiments verified that immunolabelling did not affect the properties of the ECM or PCM. PCM biomechanical properties correlated with the presence of type VI collagen, and matrix regions lacking type VI collagen immediately adjacent to the PCM exhibited higher elastic moduli than regions positive for type VI collagen. PCM elastic moduli were similar in all three zones. Our findings provide further support for type VI collagen in defining the chondrocyte PCM and contributing to its biological and biomechanical properties.
Fontibacter ferrireducens sp. nov., an Fe(III)-reducing bacterium isolated from a microbial fuel cell
Authors: Zhang Jun , Yang GuiQin , Zhou Shungui , Wang Yueqiang , Yuan Yong , Zhuang Li
Published: June 2012

A novel, dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacterium, designated strain SgZ-2T, which could couple glucose oxidation to iron reduction for energy conservation, was isolated from a microbial fuel cell. The isolate was Gram-staining-negative, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative and facultatively anaerobic. The strain was able to grow on tryptic soy agar at 15–37 °C and in the presence of 0–5 % (w/v) NaCl. The predominant cellular fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 03-OH and iso-C17 : 1ω9c; the major respiratory quinone was MK-7; the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminolipid and three other unidentified lipids; and the DNA G+C content was 55.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA sequences showed that the novel strain was most closely related toFontibacter flavusCC-GZM-130T(99.9 % sequence similarity), and was a member of the familyCyclobacteriaceae.The levels of DNA–DNA relatedness observed between strain SgZ-2TandF. flavusCCM 7650T(<41 %) indicated that the two strains represented two distinct species. Based on phylogenetic analyses and phenotypic characteristics, strain SgZ-2Trepresents a novel species of the genusFontibacter, for which the nameFontibacter ferrireducenssp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SgZ-2T( = CCTCC M 2011498T = KACC 16525T).
Gallaecimonas xiamenensis sp. nov., isolated from seawater
Authors: Wang Jianning , Lai Qiliang , Duan Xue , Fu Yuanyuan , Wang Liping , Wang Wanpeng , Shao Zongze
Published: June 2012

A taxonomic study was carried out on a novel bacterium, designated strain 3-C-1T, which was isolated from a crude-oil-degrading consortium produced by enrichment of a sample of surface seawater collected near Xiamen Island in China. Cells of the novel strain were Gram-reaction-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped, motile and amphitrichous. Growth was observed with 0–12 % (w/v) NaCl and at temperatures of 10–42 °C. The novel strain was incapable of nitrate reduction. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 3-C-1T belonged to the genus

Gallaecimonas

and was most closely related to

Gallaecimonas pentaromativorans

CEE_131T (with sequence similarities of 96.5–96.8 %). The gyrB gene sequence of strain 3-C-1T was also similar to that of

G. pentaromativorans

CEE_131T (89.4 % sequence similarity). The results of PCR-based comparison of repetitive extragenic palindromic elements (Rep-PCR fingerprinting) allowed strain 3-C-1T to be distinguished from

G. pentaromativorans

CEE_131T. The principal fatty acids of the novel strain were C16 : 0, C12 : 0 3-OH, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c) and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω6c and/or C18 : 1ω7c). The G+C content of the novel strain’s genomic DNA was 61.3 mol%. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data indicate that strain 3-C-1T represents a novel species of the genus

Gallaecimonas

, for which the name Gallaecimonas xiamenensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 3-C-1T ( = CCTCC AB 209060T  = LMG 25226T  = MCCC 1A01354T).
Jeongeupia chitinilytica sp. nov., a chitinolytic bacterium isolated from soil
Authors: Chen Wen-Ming , Chang Rey-Chang , Cheng Chih-Yu , Shiau Yu-Wen , Sheu Shih-Yi
Published: June 2012

A novel bacterium, designated strain JchiT, was isolated from soil in Taiwan and characterized using a polyphasic approach. Cells of strain JchiT were aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, motile and rod-shaped. They contained poly-β-hydroxybutyrate granules and formed dark-yellow colonies. Growth occurred at 20–37 °C (optimum between 25 and 30 °C), at pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum between pH 7.0 and pH 8.0) and with 0–2 % NaCl (optimum between 0 and 1 %). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JchiT belonged to the genus

Jeongeupia

and that its closest neighbour was

Jeongeupia naejangsanensis

BIO-TAS4-2T (98.0 % sequence similarity). The major fatty acids (>10 %) of strain JchiT were summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω7c. The major cellular hydroxy fatty acid was C12 : 0 3-OH. The isoprenoid quinone was Q-8 and the genomic DNA G+C content was 66.1 mol%. The polar lipid profile consisted of a mixture of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine and two unidentified phospholipids. The DNA–DNA relatedness value between strain JchiT and

J. naejangsanensis

BIO-TAS4-2T was about 41.0 %. On the basis of the genotypic and phenotypic data, strain JchiT represents a novel species in the genus

Jeongeupia

, for which the name Jeongeupia chitinilytica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JchiT ( = BCRC 80367T  = KCTC 23701T).
Lutibacter flavus sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from a tidal flat sediment
Authors: Choi Ahyoung , Yang Seung-Jo , Cho Jang-Cheon
Published: June 2012

A carotenoid-containing chemoheterotrophic bacterium, designated IMCC1507T, was isolated from a tidal flat sediment of the Yellow Sea, Korea. Strain IMCC1507T was Gram-negative, yellow, obligately aerobic, non-motile and flexirubin-negative. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain IMCC1507T belonged to the genus

Lutibacter

in the family

Flavobacteriaceae

and exhibited 96.1–97.3 % 16S rRNA sequence similarity with the type strains of described species of the genus

Lutibacter

. DNA–DNA relatedness between strain IMCC1507T and

Lutibacter litoralis

KCCM 42118T ranged from 3.5±2.2 % to 11.2±2.4 %, indicating that strain IMCC1507T represented a novel genomic species in the genus

Lutibacter

. Chemotaxonomic characteristics of the isolate, i.e. the DNA G+C content (31.4 mol%), iso-C15 : 0 3-OH, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids, MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and phosphatidylethanolamine as the major polar lipid, were consistent with its assignment to the genus

Lutibacter

. However, several phenotypic characteristics, including hydrolysis of macromolecules, enzyme activities and carbon source oxidation, differentiated strain IMCC1507T from members of the genus. Data from this study indicate that strain IMCC1507T represents a novel species in the genus

Lutibacter

, for which the name Lutibacter flavus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is IMCC1507T ( = KACC 14312T  = NBRC 107589T).
Desulfoconvexum algidum gen. nov., sp. nov., a psychrophilic sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from a permanently cold marine sediment
Authors: Könneke Martin , Kuever Jan , Galushko Alexander , Jørgensen Bo Barker
Published: June 2012

A sulfate-reducing bacterium, designated JHA1T, was isolated from a permanently cold marine sediment sampled in an Artic fjord on the north-west coast of Svalbard. The isolate was originally enriched at 4 °C in a highly diluted liquid culture amended with hydrogen and sulfate. Strain JHA1T was a psychrophile, growing fastest between 14 and 16 °C and not growing above 20 °C. Fastest growth was found at neutral pH (pH 7.2–7.4) and at marine concentrations of NaCl (20–30 g l−1). Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain JHA1T was a member of the family

Desulfobacteraceae

in the

Deltaproteobacteria

. The isolate shared 99 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with an environmental sequence obtained from permanently cold Antarctic sediment. The closest recognized relatives were

Desulfobacula phenolica

DSM 3384T and

Desulfobacula toluolica

DSM 7467T (both <95 % sequence similarity). In contrast to its closest phylogenetic relatives, strain JHA1T grew chemolithoautotrophically with hydrogen as an electron donor. CO dehydrogenase activity indicated the operation of the reductive acetyl-CoA pathway for inorganic carbon assimilation. Beside differences in physiology and morphology, strain JHA1T could be distinguished chemotaxonomically from the genus

Desulfobacula

by the absence of the cellular fatty acid C16 : 0 10-methyl. Phylogenetic differentiation from other genera was further supported by DsrAB and AprBA sequence analysis. Based on the described phylogenetic and phenotypic differences between strain JHA1T and its closest relatives, the establishment of a novel genus and a novel species, Desulfoconvexum algidum gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JHA1T ( = DSM 21856T  = JCM 16085T).
Quality of life in asymptomatic children and adolescents before and after diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy through family screening
Authors: Bratt Ewa‐Lena , Östman‐Smith Ingegerd , Axelsson Åsa , Berntsson Leeni
Published: June 2012

Aims and objectives.  The aim of this study was to measure quality of life (QoL) in asymptomatic children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) before and after diagnosis.

Background.  Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a disease with a 50% risk of inheritance. Children at risk for serious complications can be diagnosed early with family screening, but before embarking on a screening programme, it is important to evaluate the psychosocial consequences of such screening.

Design.  Prospective case‐control study.

Methods.  Quality of life was measured using a questionnaire by Lindström incorporating both objective and subjective aspects of the three spheres: external, interpersonal and personal, before and two years after diagnosis. The study group consisted of 13 children/adolescents (11 boys), median age 11 (5–18) years, with HCM diagnosed at family screening. All filled out a questionnaire before diagnosis and at follow‐up. 41 healthy children/adolescents (22 boys), median age 11 (2–19) years with a first‐degree relative diagnosed with HCM served as controls; 15/41 also completed follow‐up data.

Results.  The total QoL score for all spheres was similar in both groups at baseline and follow‐up. In the interpersonal sphere, it was more common that children diagnosed with HCM had no siblings both at baseline (p = 0·002) and follow‐up (p = 0·005). The family situation, social support and life events were unchanged from baseline to follow‐up. Children with HCM had significantly more psychosomatic symptoms compared with controls at baseline (p < 0·05) but not at follow‐up. Self‐esteem, peer acceptance and satisfaction with school were unchanged and similar between groups.

Conclusion.  Family screening for HCM does not appear to negatively influence QoL.

Relevance to clinical practice.  This study indicates that family screening of asymptomatic children and adolescents had no significant detrimental effects on QoL. This suggests that the benefits of finding symptomatic individuals at risk for serious complications outweigh concerns about screening asymptomatic individuals.
First flatus time and xerostomia associated with gum‐chewing after liver resection
Authors: Jang Shin Yi , Ju Eun Young , Kim Dae‐Eun , Kim Ji Hye , Kim Yoon Hee , Son Mina , Jang Mija , Jeong Jeong Hee , Kim Kyeong Sug
Published: June 2012

Aims and objectives.  The aim of this study was to compare the return of bowel function and xerostomia in patients who were and were not instructed to chew gum after elective open liver resection.

Background.  Patients who undergo liver resection have limited early ambulation, because they require bed rest after surgery to prevent internal bleeding. They normally also require narcotic analgesics or patient‐controlled analgesia for pain control. For these reasons, they often have symptoms of intestinal gas accumulation, abdominal distension and/or abdominal pain.

Design.  Prospective case–control study.

Methods.  Forty‐two patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who were treated at Samsung Medical Center from September 2010 to February 2011 were included in this study. Patients who were scheduled for elective liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma and were over 30 years of age were eligible. Patients were assigned to a gum‐chewing group or a non‐gum‐chewing (control) group before surgery.

Results.  The mean age of the gum‐chewing group was 54·9 (±9·7) years, and the mean age of the control group was 55·1 (±8·4) years. The mean values of first flatus time and xerostomia were higher in the control group than in the gum‐chewing group. First flatus time and xerostomia grade were significantly decreased in gum‐chewing group compared with the control group after adjustment for hospitalisation days, duration of surgery and amount of analgesics administered.

Conclusion.  Patients who were instructed to chew gum after surgery demonstrated faster bowel function recovery and lower xerostomia grade after elective open liver resection than patients who did not chew gum.

Relevance to clinical practice.  Gum‐chewing is an inexpensive, helpful adjunct to standard postoperative care after liver resection.
Dietary counselling with or without oral nutritional supplements in the management of malnourished patients: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Baldwin C. , Weekes C. E.
Published: June 2012

Dietary counselling and oral nutritional supplements (ONS) are recommended for managing malnutrition. A recent systematic review demonstrated (in separate analyses) that dietary counselling and dietary counselling with ONS improved energy intake, weight and some indices of body composition, although there was considerable heterogeneity. The present analysis aimed to examine the effects on mortality and nutritional indices of dietary counselling given with or without ONS and to explore the heterogeneity in the meta‐analyses aiming to characterise the groups most likely to benefit from these interventions. A systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed using Cochrane methodology. Twenty‐six studies were included in the analysis: 12 comparing dietary counselling with usual care and 14 comparing dietary counselling and ONS if required with usual care (2123 participants). Quality of studies varied. Dietary counselling given with or without ONS had no effect on mortality [relative risk (fixed) = 1.12; 95% confidence interval = 0.86–1.46] but was associated with significant but heterogeneous benefits to weight [mean difference (random) = 1.7 kg; 95% confidence interval = 0.86–2.55], energy intake and some aspects of body composition. Subgroup analyses taking into account clinical background, age, nutritional status, type and length of intervention failed to reveal any differences in mortality, weight change and energy intake between groups. There were insufficient data on functional outcomes to explore these findings. Dietary counselling given with or without ONS is effective at increasing nutritional intake and weight but adequately‐powered studies in similar patient populations and standardised for factors that might account for variations in response are required.
The holism of aesthetic knowing in nursing
Authors: Archibald Mandy M.
Published: June 2012

In 1978, Carper identified ‘four fundamental patterns of knowing’ that became largely foundational to subsequent epistemological discourse within the nursing discipline. These patterns of empirical, personal, aesthetic, and ethical knowing were presented as conceptually distinct yet related patterns of knowing. In order to provide an alternative conceptualization of aesthetics in nursing, the main tenants of Carper's discussion of aesthetic knowing will be revisited, and the foundations for her arguments will be examined. Specifically, Dewey's Art as Experience will be examined in relation to the ‘holism’ of nursing, and an alternative position on pragmatic aesthetics in nursing will be offered. A preliminary reintegration of the four patterns of knowing will then be presented as will an example of a potential cultivation of aesthetics in nursing, through an example of Rodin's 19th century sculpture, the Burghers of Calais.
Enhanced expression of glutamine synthetase (GS1a) confers altered fibre and wood chemistry in field grown hybrid poplar (Populus tremula X alba) (717‐1B4)
Authors: Coleman Heather D. , Cánovas Francisco M. , Man Huimin , Kirby Edward G. , Mansfield Shawn D.
Published: June 2012

Hybrid poplar (Populus tremula X P. alba) genetically engineered to express the pine cytosolic glutamine synthetase gene (GS1a) has been previously shown to display desirable field performance characteristics, including enhancements in growth and nitrogen use efficiency. Analysis of wood samples from a 3‐year‐old field trial of three independently transformed GS1a transgenic hybrid poplar lines revealed that, when compared with wild‐type controls, ectopic expression of GS1a resulted in alterations in wood properties and wood chemistry. Included were significant enhancements in wood fibre length, wood density, microfibre angle, per cent syringyl lignin and elevated concentrations of wood sugars, specifically glucose, galactose, mannose and xylose. Total extractive content and acid‐insoluble lignin were significantly reduced in wood of GS1a transgenics when compared with wild‐type trees. Together, these cell wall characteristics resulted in improved wood pulping attributes, including improved lignin solubilization with no concurrent decrease in yield. Trees with increased GS1a expression have improved characteristics for pulp and paper production and hold potential as a feedstock for biofuels production.
IgA anti‐epidermal transglutaminase autoantibodies: a sensible and sensitive marker for diagnosis of dermatitis herpetiformis in adult patients
Authors: Borroni G. , Biagi F. , Ciocca O. , Vassallo C. , Carugno A. , Cananzi R. , Campanella J. , Bianchi P.I. , Brazzelli V. , Corazza G.R.
Published: June 2012

Background  Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is a rare gluten‐sensitive blistering itchy skin disease, strictly related to coeliac disease (CD). Direct immunofluorescence, demonstrating IgA granular deposits localized either in the dermal papillae or along the dermo‐epidermal junction, is currently the gold standard for diagnosis of DH. It has been shown that DH immunocomplexes contain epidermal transglutaminase (eTG) and that sera from patients with DH contain antibodies specifically directed against eTG.

Objectives  We studied the usefulness of serum eTG antibodies in discriminating between DH, CD and other gastrointestinal and dermatologic diseases.

Methods  eTG antibodies were tested in 308 adult patients’ sera: 44 patients with untreated dermatitis herpetiformis (UDH), 99 patients with untreated coeliac disease (UCD), 70 dermatological controls and 95 gastrointestinal controls.

Results  In UDH eTG antibody levels were significantly higher than in DH patients on gluten‐free diet, UCD, gastrointestinal controls and dermatological controls. In UCD eTG antibodies strongly correlated with tissue transglutaminase (tTG) antibodies, whereas in UDH no significant correlation was observed.

Conclusion  Serum IgA eTG antibody determination can efficiently distinguish UDH from other dermatological itchy diseases and is highly sensitive to gluten‐free diet.