bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caracterización molecular del glioblastoma multiforme de un paciente con larga sobrevida
Authors: Ortiz Blair , Jimenez María José , Correa Luz Norela
Published: April 2021

El glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) es un tumor del sistema nervioso central con alta tasa de recambio celular, infiltración, degradación de la matriz extracelular y resistencia al tratamiento resectivo y quimioterapéutico. La sobrevida general no suele ser superior a los dos años. Sin embargo, en los últimos años se han dilucidado mejor los mecanismos moleculares que sustentan su comportamiento y que, potencialmente, podrían modularse con la terapia. A continuación se presenta el caso de un adulto joven, de 20 años, con diagnóstico de glioblastoma multiforme frontal derecho a los 13 años. El tratamiento incluyó cirugía resectiva, quimioterapia y dieta cetogénica. La caracterización genética del tumor se analiza en el contexto clínico del paciente.
Development of a hatch system for the determination of diffusible hydrogen in underwater welding
Authors: Fernandes-Lara Rodrigo , Moreno-Uribe Andrés M. , Bracarense Alexandre Q.
Published: April 2021

The design and implementation of hatch mechanism aims to optimize the development of welding simulations performed in the Robotic, Welding and Simulation Laboratory. The project is part of the upgrade technologies applied to sciences of the sea, and make it possible to evaluate the influence of welding parameters on SMAW and FCAW processes, especially as regards the content of diffusible hydrogen specimen welding in different depths. Due to the specifications imposed by the gas chromatography standards applied to welding, tests must be carried out at short intervals, which requires a fast process. This research will promote the evaluation of commercial electrodes and promote the development of new consumables.
Cement substitutes: a bibliometric analysis of trends and contributions from 2013 to 2018
Authors: Villamizar-Delgado Yessica Carolina , Cely-Illera Leonardo , Cely-Niño Jairo
Published: April 2021

The substitution of cements has been an area of ​​research development by the vast majority of countries, which seek new alternatives that strengthen the cement industry and mitigate the environmental impact. The study of this area has marked a growing trend whose objective seeks to reduce emissions of polluting gases into the atmosphere. In order to help determine the investigative direction regarding cement substitutes, a bibliometric analysis was carried out on this subject in the period between 2013 and 2018. The meta-search engine Web Of Science (WoS) was used, it was interpreted by half of the HistCite software. We analyzed 1000 documents obtained which showed an increasing tendency in the publication of studies related to this area. It was determined that countries such as China, France and US are the ones with the highest number of scientific publications. In this research, 3,190 authors deepened this area of ​​interest, with Construction and Building Materials, the Journal of Cleaner Production and Cement and Concrete Research, the most published journals and the Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Southeast University and the University of Cergy-Pontoise. institutions with the most publications. Finally, the word "cemento" is the most used keyword of 2191 researched, followed by the word concrete. Giving information this work seeks to strengthen future research to contribute to technological growth and research on the subject of cement substitutes.
Influencia de la Auditoría forense en la detección del fraude en Colombia
Authors: Acosta-Ramírez Ruby Alejandra , Guardiola-Plazas Luis Fernando
Published: April 2021

En Colombia se han conocido diversos casos de fraude y corrupción que afectan la prestación efectiva de algunos servicios o la desviación de los recursos destinados a infraestructura y otras áreas que impiden su crecimiento y desarrollo económico. Este artículo tiene como objetivo conocer la influencia de la Auditoría forense en la prevención del fraude en Colombia, por lo cual es indispensable hacer una introducción a la auditoría en general, de la cual se despliega la auditoría forense con una descripción del fraude que es uno de sus objetivos de esta auditoría, así mismo se presentan las actividades se han desplegado con relación a la auditoría por medio de las normas, así como la participación de entidades públicas y privadas en la orientación y diseño de procedimientos que permitan tener un marco de actuación para prevenir el fraude, y por último, mostrar ejemplos de casos presentados en Colombia donde la auditoría forense ha incidido para aplicar las medidas penales correspondientes a través de la recolección de pruebas, con el fin de mostrar la importancia de esta actividad. La información muestra que la auditoría forense ha sido de gran apoyo para el esclarecimiento de hechos de corrupción y fraude presentados en el país a partir de su labor investigativa y evidencias encontradas como soporte para la determinación judicial. En conclusión, si bien en los casos presentados ha habido resultados que ponen al descubierto las maniobras utilizadas por los responsables de estos actos indebidos, se hace difícil la compensación de los recursos; a pesar de que obtener el material probatorio suficiente es una de las funciones de la auditoría forense es importante apuntar a la etapa preventiva, de modo tal que se eviten estos acontecimientos.
Identificación de estrategias de gestión pública para el fomento del turismo sostenible en Chinácota, Norte de Santander
Authors: Leguizamón-Gámez Liliana , Mora-Durán Nefer Leandro , Pabón-Ramírez Walter Omar , Marulanda-Ascanio Carolina
Published: April 2021

Este  trabajo tiene como propósito  identificar factores que se puedan desarrollar en cuanto al turismo sostenible en la región teniendo como punto de partida la gestión pública como eje central para que se puedan formular proyectos de inversión, se busca identificar la oferta turística del municipio de Chinácota, la percepción de los visitantes y de esta manera tener una idea clara de sobre cómo se podría fortalecer el municipio económicamente través del turismo con enfoque de responsabilidad de sostenibilidad teniendo en cuenta el (plan de desarrollo nacional 2018-2022) y los demás decretos  que se están generando para este sector, Así pues, la investigación busca detallar de manera cuantitativa y descriptiva, basado en la opinión de los habitantes, las características y ventajas de la región; el establecimiento de estrategias pueden adoptarse para impulsar el turismo sostenible en el municipio de Chinácota en 2020, instituyendo e identificando las necesidades, fortalezas y posibles cambios para la mejora progresiva y perdurable del turismo en la región de Chinácota en Norte de Santander, obteniéndose de manera concluyente que existe factores de deficiencia de tipo personal, cultural, y organizacional, así como factores coyunturales como la actual pandemia ocasionada por el Covid-19, que inciden de manera notoriamente desfavorable en el impulso del turismo en el municipio de Chinácota Durante la anualidad en curso
The Antelope and the Hyena: An Urgent Warning Against The New Socialism
Authors: PhD Michael A. Milton,
Published: April 2021

Public dialogue suggests an increasing fascination with socialism,
particularly among those in the Gen X generational group. This paper
examines the Cold War realities, offering a narrative and personal
experience to provide an overview of the consequences of adopting that
system and ideology defeated by the English-speaking western nations in
1989–1991. Special attention is given to the People’s Socialist
Republic of Albania as an example.
Could Fibrinogen to Albumin Ratio be a Predictive Marker for Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
Authors: CIMSIR Meral , YILDIZ Serhat
Published: April 2021

Abstract Aims: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is usually defined by two
or more consecutive clinical miscarriages, which causes psychological
trauma for couples. In this study, we aimed to investigate the
predictive role of Fibrinogen to albumin ratio (FAR) in patients with
RPL. Methods: Pregnant women in their first trimester of pregnancy were
included in the study and divided in to two groups as RPL patients
(n:44) and patients with no previous recurrent miscarriage (n:60) as
control group. Demographical parameters and routine blood parameters
(fibrinogen, D-dimer, fibrinogen to albumin ratio (FAR), neutrophil to
lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet count, main platelet volume (MPV), and
red cell distribution width (RDW) values) were compared between the RPL
group and the control group. Results: The groups were determined to be
statistically different in regards to gravidity and parity
(p<0.05). The difference between the groups was statistically
different in regards to fibrinogen (mg/dl), albumin (g/dl), FAR (%),
NLR (%), RDW-coefficient of variation (CV) (%), RDW-standard deviation
(SD) (fL), and platelet counts (10-3/ uL). However, MPV (fL) and D-dimer
(ug/L) levels were similar in both groups. The receiver operating
characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that the NLR levels were
84.1% sensitive and 75% specific with a cut-off value of 4.27 and the
FAR levels were 79.5% sensitive and 88.3% specific with a cut-off
value of 105.69 for predicting RPL. Conclusion: Our results indicate
that the FAR and NLR levels seem to be effective parameters for
predicting RPL with high sensitivity and specificity.
Assemble and Demonstrate of Solar Panel to Operate a small fan (Grade VIII, State Standard)
Authors: Dair Umar
Published: April 2021

Overview: The World has great shortage of energy. The main sources
of producing energy are oil, gas, coal etc. However, these sources are
too much expensive and needs great efforts, resources to be utilized for
industrial as well as domestic purposes. Sun is the main source of
energy. it releases energy at a mass-The rate of conversion of energy is
4.26 million metric tons per second, which produce 3.846x10 26 W. In
Pakistan shortage of energy is the main problem. Industries and
household requirements are several times greater than energy production
by Hydroelectric mechanism. Pakistan is seeking alternatives for
production of energy. Solar Panels are one of the cheap sources of
production of energy. Solar Photovaltaic was discovered back in 1839 by
French scientist Edmond Becquerel. Over the course of the next 100
years, many discoveries and inventions were made and by 1954, Daryle
Chapin, Gerald Pearson and Calvin Fuller were the first to design the
first silicon photovoltaic cell which was the precursor of all silicon
cells today. Over the next few decades, solar power technology continued
to develop. Photovoltaic research and development discovered new
material, cell designs and novel approaches to solar material and
product development. Now a days, solar panels are available all over
world for converting solar energy to electricity. In Pakistan, they are
widely used in areas Where the hydroelectric power has not reached, or
to cope with the effects of load shedding in urban areas. Today we are
going to design assemble and demonstrate a model of a fan run by a solar
panel. Objectives of the lesson:  To Develop curiosity in students
about Scientific approach.  To shift the students from rote
memorization towards inquiry-based learning.  To enable them to create
ideas, think critically and logically and solve problems themselves. 
To develop and inculcate the zeal of Science, Technology, Engineering
and Mathematics.
Cell cycle length and long-time behaviour of an age-size model
Authors: Rudnicki Ryszard , Pichór Katarzyna
Published: April 2021

We consider an age-size structured cell population model based on the
cell cycle length. The model is described by a first order partial
differential equation with initial-boundary conditions. Using the theory
of semigroups of positive operators we establish new criteria for an
asynchronous exponential growth of solutions to such equations. We
discuss the question of exponential size growth of cells. We show how to
incorporate into our description models with constant increase of size
and with target size division. We also present versions of the model
when the population is heterogeneous.
An Experimental-Theoretical Study on Static Batch Sublimation with Laminar Flow and Constant Wall Temperature
Authors: Outokesh Mohammad , Mottafegh Amirreza , Nouri-Borujerdi A. , Dolati Saeed , Ghomsheh Sayed Isar Tabatabai , Ahmadi Seyed Javad , Mofrad Ali Faham
Published: April 2021

The major features of a static batch sublimation process over a hot
plate with constant temperature were investigated in an
experimental-theoretical study. An experimental apparatus with a
real-time display was built to sublimate dry ice blocks of different
sizes, in either circular or rectangular geometries. When temperature of
the hotplate was changed from -30 to 200 oC, heat transfer coefficient
“hsub” decreased from 126 to 70 W/m2K, while thermal flux increased,
linearly. Weight and area of the block had a positive/negative effects
on heat transfer, respectively. In theoretical part, two “linear-
gradient” and “cubic” models were developed by a combined
mass-momentum-energy balance. The latter used Von Karman temperature
profile, and in cases of circular and rectangular geometries could
estimate “hsub” with 17.8 and 13.5 % average error. Linear-gradient
was analytic, with similar accuracy in the circular case. The developed
model are especially useful for design of sublimation equipment in
purificationofthechemicals
A CFD-PBM coupled model under entire turbulent spectrum for simulating a bubble column with highly viscous media
Authors: Zhang Huahai , Wang Yuelin , Sayyar Ali , Wang Tiefeng
Published: April 2021

To account for the effect of liquid viscosity, the bubble breakup model
considering turbulent eddy collision based on the inertial subrange
turbulent spectrum was extended to the entire turbulent spectrum that
included the energy-containing, inertial, and energy-dissipation
subranges. The computational fluid dynamics-population balance model
(CFD-PBM) coupled model was modified to include this extended bubble
breakup model for simulations of a bubble column. The effect of
turbulent energy spectrum on the bubble breakup and hydrodynamic
behaviors was studied in a bubble column under different liquid
viscosities. The results showed that when the liquid viscosity was
< 80 mPas, the bubble breakup and hydrodynamics were almost
independent on the turbulent spectrum. At liquid viscosity
> 80 mPas, the bubble breakup rate and gas holdup were
significantly under-predicted when the inertial turbulent spectrum was
used, and when using the entire turbulent spectrum the predictions were
more consistent with experimental data.
Artificial Neural Network for Data Assimilation by WRF Model in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Almeida Vinícius Albuquerque de , França Gutemberg Borges , Fraga Campos Velho Haroldo , Ebecken Nelson F. Favilla
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT. This study investigates the use of neural networks for data assimilation of local data in the WRF model in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Surface and upper-air data (air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction) from airport stations and 6-hour forecast from WRF are used as input for the model and the 3D-Var analysis for each grid point is used as target variable. Periods of 168h from 2014 and 2015 are used with 6h and 12h assimilation cycles for surface and upper-air data, respectively. The neural network model was built using the Multi-Particle Collision Algorithm (MPCA) where different topologies are tested until the optimum solution is found. Results show that the neural network is able to emulate the 3D-Var with root mean squared error (standard deviation), respectively, of 0.31 K (0.37 K), 3.10% (4.04%), 0.63 ms-1 (1.05 ms-1), 1.10 ms-1 (1.56 ms-1) for air temperature, relative humidity, u-component of the wind and v-component of the wind. Also, the results show the neural network method is able to run 71 times faster than the conventional method under similar hardware configurations.Keywords: data assimilation; weather research and forecasting; surface data; profile data. Redes Neurais Artificiais para Assimilação de Dados no Modelo WRF no Rio de Janeiro, BrazilRESUMO. Este estudo investiga o uso de redes neurais para assimilação de dados locais no modelo WRF no Rio de Janeiro. Dados de superfície e do ar superior (temperatura do ar, umidade relativa, velocidade e direção do vento) das estações do aeroporto e previsão de 6 horas do WRF são usados como entrada para o modelo, e a análise 3D-Var para cada ponto da grade é usada como variável destino. Períodos de 168h de 2014 e 2015 são utilizados com ciclos de assimilação de 6h e 12h para dados de superfície e do ar superior, respectivamente. O modelo de rede neural foi construído usando o algoritmo de colisão de partículas múltiplas (MPCA), onde diferentes topologias são testadas até que a solução ideal seja encontrada. Os resultados mostram que a rede neural é capaz de emular o 3D-Var com raiz do erro quadrático médio (desvio padrão) de 0,31 K (0,37 K), 3,10% (4,04%), 0,63 ms-1 (1,05 ms-1), 1,10 ms-1 (1,56 ms-1) para temperatura do ar, umidade relativa, componente u do vento e componente v do vento. Além disso, os resultados mostram que o método de rede neural é capaz de rodar 71 vezes mais rápido que o método convencional em configurações de hardware semelhantes.Palavras-chave: assimilação de dados; dados de superfície; dados de perfil.
Impact of photobiomodulation and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound adjunctive interventions on orthodontic treatment duration during clear aligner therapy:
Authors: Al-Dboush Ra'ed , Esfahani Anahita Naseri , El-Bialy Tarek
Published: April 2021

Objective

To assess the efficiency of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) and photobiomodulation (PBM) interventions in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement during clear aligner therapy (CAT).

Materials and Methods

This retrospective study was carried out on the records of 84 subjects who were treated using CAT. Twenty-eight patients were treated using CAT with a daily use of LIPUS for 20 minutes, 28 patients were treated using CAT with a daily use of PBM for 10 minutes, and 28 patients were treated using CAT alone. The total duration of treatment was recorded for all patients. One-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey test were used to assess whether there was any significant difference in total treatment duration among the three groups (P < .05).

Results

The mean treatment durations in days were 719 ± 220, 533 ± 242, and 528 ± 323 for the control, LIPUS, and PBM groups, respectively. The LIPUS group showed a 26% reduction, on average, in treatment duration when compared with the control group, whereas the PBM group showed an average 26.6% reduction in the treatment duration when compared with the control group. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences among the groups (P = .011). Treatment durations were significantly reduced in the LIPUS and PBM groups as compared with the control (P = .027 and P = .023, respectively), with no statistically significant differences between the LIPUS and PBM groups (P = .998).

Conclusions

Daily use of LIPUS or PBM as adjunctive interventions during CAT could reduce the duration of orthodontic treatment.
Curaduría social en entornos artísticos: Hablar y actuar en las Sullivan Galleries de School of the Arts Institute of Chicago
Authors: Caso Burbano Almudena
Published: April 2021

En este artículo se presenta la práctica curatorial de Hablar y Actuar. Arte, Pedagogía y Activismo en las Américas a su paso por Sullivan Galleries, la galería de arte de The School of the Art Institute of Chicago en 2018.  Tratándose de una exposición dedicada a las practicas artísticas socialmente comprometidas en el continente americano, en el presente texto se analizan los modos curatoriales desarrollados ad hoc para exhibir veintidós proyectos de diversas procedencias geográficas a través de lógicas y métodos decoloniales, aprendidos a través del estudio de las obras seleccionadas y de sus metodologías de producción artística.
Decentralization in Tanzania: Perceptible Efficiency and Effectiveness in Management of Community Health Care, Free Basic Education and Public Private Partnership
Authors: Mkoma Rahel Nasoni , Rwekaza Charles Tinabo
Published: April 2021

Decentralization has been a means to enhance efficiency and effectiveness in the management of local government affairs. Tanzania has undergone a reform through decentralization by devolution (D by D) and shifted relative power to lower levels of government known as local government authorities. The purpose is to improve the management of local government affair including the management of community health, free basic education and the management of contracts through public-private partnership. The objective of this paper is to review and analyse on how D by D has enhanced efficiency and effectiveness in the management of local government affairs in Tanzania. Data were collected through reviewing different documents including published journal articles, unpublished Master and PhD thesis/dissertations, government reports and online materials. Efficiency and effectiveness in the management of local government affairs are enhanced by D by D as there are improvements in the management of the community health fund as the number of households enrolled is consecutively increasing in the past five years from 543,328 in 2012/2013 to 2,251,055 in 2017/2018giving a total of 13,506,330 beneficiaries out of the total population. In the management of free fee basic education, head masters, mistress and head teachers in Singida and Ruangwa districts are successful in overcoming the challenges of free fee basic education while there is improved community participation in the management of management of contracted services in Ulanga district council. This paper recommends for reviewing and analysing how D by D has enhanced management of waste collection, the use of Government electronic Payment Gateway (GePG) in revenue collection and the efficiency and effectiveness of Tanzania Rural and Urban Roads Agency (TARURA).
Human Psychological Factors in the Success of Human Capital Investment in Driving Financial Performance, Case Study of the Hotel Industry in Indonesia and Malaysia
Authors: Rusmingsih Diah , Widarni Eny Lestari , Bawono Suryaning
Published: April 2021

This research combines quantitative research to calculate data variables and draw conclusions as well as meaning-based qualitative research for things that are observed and cannot be calculated precisely such as psychological factors in human resources and other human factors related to human capital investment and organizational performance in Hotel Industry throughout Indonesia and Malaysia. With careful observation based on activity reports and various reliable sources using content analysis, we find that investment in human capital can be successful if human factors of human resources can be fulfilled such as comfort and job satisfaction. So that the factors of expertise and work comfort are the two dominant factors in increasing the success of investing in human capital in improving organizational work.
Scapegoating in ‘The Stranger’ By Albert Camus
Authors: Panait-Ioncică Diana-Eugenia
Published: April 2021

The present paper intends to discuss the amount to which scapegoating (as understood by René Girard in ‘The Scapegoat’) can be applied to Camus’s novel ‘The Stranger’. While issues arise when we are trying to apply Girard’s definition of scapegoating to the famous novel by Camus, this paper shall try to prove that they are only apparent issues, and that the novel is a perfect illustration of Girard’s theory.
Pola ruang sebaran objek dan fasilitas penunjang wisata berbasis sistem informasi geografis di kawasan Taman Nasional Bali Barat
Authors: Barnad Titan Octalia , Asmiwyati I Gusti Agung Ayu Rai , Mayadewi Ni Nyoman Ari
Published: April 2021

The West Bali National Park area is a nature protection area that has a conservation function as well as educational tourism. This has boosted enthusiasm for tourist visits, followed by a rapidly increasing development of tourism support facilities in the TNBB area and its buffer villages. However, these developments have not been properly recorded and mapped, so a mapping process is necessary. The method used in this research was a survey with data collection techniques including direct observation, interviews, and literature study. The stages of this research were the identification of tourism support facilities and objects according to the tourism support facilities criteria indicators, analysis, and synthesis. The GIS analysis process used the nearest neighbor analysis approach to study the distribution patterns formed from the distribution of tourism support facilities in the TNBB area. This analysis process produced recommendations for the development of tourism support facilities based on accessibility factors, distance, and the agglomeration theory approach can be used as a basis for regional development, especially in the elements of facilities and infrastructure in the TNBB area.
Investigating Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) as a Novel Feed Ingredient for Diets of Farmed Carnivorous Fish
Authors: Skipper-Horton Owen
Published: April 2021

Over 60% of natural fish stocks are either fully‐exploited or overexploited. This declining productivity has led to the rapid growth of the aquaculture industry, or the farming of fish. All fish require a certain level of protein from marine sources, most often provided in the form of fishmeal. Fishmeal is produced using species from the low end of the food chain, such as menhaden or sardine, which usually have low market value. Carnivorous species, such as salmon and trout, are particularly popular in Western markets, but also demand relatively more wild inputs than omnivores/herbivores. While species of the latter, such as carp and catfish, are popular in Asia, they maintain low commercial value in North America. Carp was thus investigated as a source of fishmeal for the growth of a carnivorous species, Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish were grown in three separate treatment groups, each being fed either a commercial sinking pellet, a unique pellet with commercial herring meal, or a unique pellet with carp meal. Upon determination of crude protein and energy content of the carp meal, diets were balanced on a crude protein and digestible energy basis. Pellets were made using a meat grinder. Trout were fed pellets with an increasing carp meal:herring meal ratio, and palatabilty was determined using the amount of pellets consumed (g) per mean mass of rainbow trout group (g).
Application of Nano‐Structured Ceramics to Gas Turbine Components – Material and Fabrication Process Selection
Authors: Branker Kadra , Liao Louis
Published: April 2021

The ever increasing demand on the aerospace industry to improve efficiency has pushed the evolution of turbine technology. A fundamental approach to improve the efficiency of the turbine is to increase the operational temperature. Nano‐structured materials present a possible means of achieving higher operating temperatures in turbines over the limits of current materials (nickel based superalloys). Superalloys have a fairly short rupture life as the strength drops off quickly in operation at high temperature for long periods of time, leading to the failure of the component. Ceramics are able to operate at much higher temperatures than metals; however, existing fabrication techniques had not been able to make dense conventional ceramics with the desired long term properties. Nanostructured materials (grain size <100 nm) have been observed to exhibit unique and often superior properties as compared with their conventional grain size counterparts. New innovation in nanostructured ceramics and sintering techniques provide insight into solving the problem of using ceramics in turbine components. In this presentation, the benefits of nanostructured materials, their mechanical properties and their high temperature performance will be discussed. The fracture strength of microstructured and nanostructured high temperature resistant ceramics will be found to evaluate the best candidate for this application. Through available research, we will demonstrate the superior properties of our chosen two‐phase nanostructured Silicon Carbide‐Silicon Nitride (SiC‐Si3N4) Ceramic, which is manufactured using Spark Plasma Sintering.
ORTHODOX BROTHERHOODS OF UKRAINE IN HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE XIX ‒ EARLY XXI CENTURY: SOURCE STUDY ASPECT
Authors: Menko Vasyl
Published: April 2021

Summary. The purpose of the research is to show the historiographical source base of the study of Orthodox brotherhoods in Ukraine in the historical science of the XIX ‒ early XXI century. Show that the source base of the study is characterized by a sufficient variety of materials and comprehensive coverage of the subject, is representative. Prove that the historiographical source materials provide sufficient grounds for a reasonable assessment of the work on the study of various aspects of the genesis of the Orthodox brotherhoods of the Kyiv Metropolis of the XVI‒XVIII centuries, the legal basis of their existence and the main activities. The research methodology is based on the application of general scientific and special-historical methods. The principles of historicism, objectivity and value approach to the studied phenomena are observed. The scientific novelty is that for the first time the classification of historiographical sources for the study of the historiography of the Orthodox brotherhoods of Ukraine was carried out. Conclusions. The historiographical source base of the study of the Orthodox fraternities of Ukraine is characterized by a sufficient variety of materials and comprehensive coverage of the subject of study. In general, the source base is quite representative and able to ensure the implementation of the goal and solve research problems. Historiographical source materials provide sufficient grounds for a reasonable assessment of the work on the study of various aspects of the genesis of the Orthodox fraternities of the Kyiv metropolitanate, the legal basis for their existence and the main activities.
LITERARY WORK OF THE UKRAINIAN GALICIAN LAWYERS AT THE END OF THE XIX – BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY
Authors: Kobuta Stepan , Kobuta Svitlana
Published: April 2021

Summary. The purpose of the article is to analyse literary heritage of the Ukrainian lawyers who dealt with literature, to present an overview of its sense and essence with their professional work as a background. The paper aims at disclosing different genres of their literary activity, as well as their creative authenticity. The paper sheds light on the personalities whose literary works were long forgotten due to the Soviet propaganda of the former era. The methodology of the research relies on the historic and objective principles. It includes the historical, historical-comparative, biographical, behavioural, and contrastive methods. The scientific novelty of the paper is revealed by the need to determine and systemize the role and place of the lawyers-writers in the cultural life of Galicia at the turn of two centuries, to understand peculiarities of their professional and creative work and to comprehend their perception of national ideas with their further embodiment in literature.
Conclusions. The turn of the XIX–XX centuries introduced a new socio-professional stratum to the public arena of Western lands which were under the Austro-Hungarian Empire rule, and this stratum consisted of the Ukrainian lawyers. Not only its representatives, particularly lawyers, acted as legal defenders of national and civil rights of their compatriots in the local courts, they also took leading positions in the Ukrainian political and public life of Eastern Galicia, and fought for the rights of Ukrainians in both the Austrian Parliament and the Diet of Galicia and Lodomeria. Besides their professional, political and social activity, a significant part of Galician lawyers (as all representatives of the legal professions were called back then) became famous because of their cultural and creative activities which were not a part of their working routine but part-time activities or hobbies. A lot of them took to creative writing as a means of expressing their ideas, and they works appeared in various genres of literature: scientific, journalistic, fiction (poetics, prose, etc.), representing their worldview and beliefs.
The list of the well-known literary figures of that time includes such people as an ethnographer and folklorist M. Buchynsky, writers L. Martovych, I. Semanyuk, A. Tchaikovsky, poets M. Kichura and M. Kozoris, a publicist and one of the first Ukrainian futurists A. Kos, literary critics and editors V. Levitsky and M. Mochulsky and others. In fact, literary work was a complementary component of their way of life, a way of self-expression, as their main activity was legal work. Their literary work was an important component of life, a way of self-expression, which complemented their main legal work in a way. Their literary works depicted  bitter reality of that time and hard life of fellow stateless people. Yet, they also served to show the best features of Ukrainians in literature.
GOVERNMENT-OPPOSITION RELATIONS IN UKRAINE, 2010–2013
Authors: Denysenko Vadym
Published: April 2021

Summary. The research aims at defining the key methods Yanukovych’s regime applied to fight the opposition parties and their top leaders. The research methodology is based on historicism and objectivity principles, comprises general scientific (analysis, synthesis, comparison) as well as specified historic methods (those of diachrony, synchrony, historical genesis and retrospective). The article’s scientific novelty is determined by a system analysis of the methods Yanukovych’s retinue applied against his political opponents highlighting their role in building up the fourth President of Ukraine’s authoritarian rule.
Conclusions. The specificity of Ukraine’s political and legislative climate under Yanukovych’s rule has been demonstrated. The patterns of the criminal proceedings against the opposition leaders have been defined and researched. The criminal prosecution against Yuliya Tymoshenko, the Preimer and the leader of Batkivshchyna party, following her government’s management audit, serves as a case of Ukraine’s political field’s prime cleanup. The key phases of the criminal prosecution against Yurii Lutsenko, the Orange Top leader, have been defined.
The political repressions of more than twenty Tymoshenko’s supporters, the article suggests, serves as a background for preparing and implementing the tax overhaul project authored by V. Yanukovych and S. Tigipko. The fundamentals of this reform, as well as its reception by Ukrainian business elite, have been analyzed in brief to provide the necessary context, i.e., to demonstrate the roles the agents affiliated with the Regions Party had taken and the methods they applied to break the so-called Tax Maidan and to subsequently persecute its organizers and participants.
Specific attention has been paid to the fight Yanukovych’s regime initiated against the radical right and nationalist movement, forging the criminal cases against the members of certain nationalist organizations and movements functioning in Zaporizhzhya and Kyiv regions, i.e., "Tryzub" ("The Trident"), "Ukraine’s Patriot", "Social National Assembly".
Restraining the forces opposite to the Regions Party and the regime was done through bribing or granting governmental preferences to the business elites. The secret ledgers of the Regions Party serve as an important source for identifying the officials thus corrupted by the regime. To define the corruption scales and the key bribery initiators identities, a thorough analysis of these ledgers (known as "the spreadsheets") has been provided.
Evaluation of an Outpatient Pharmacist Consult Service at a Large Academic Medical Center
Authors: Berry Melanie , Gustafson Amy , Wai Maya , Luli Alex J.
Published: April 2021

Objective: To evaluate a novel outpatient pharmacist consult service in a large academic medical center.
Setting: Four outpatient pharmacies that are part of a large academic medical center
Methods: An outpatient pharmacist consult order was created and embedded in the electronic medical record (EMR). Medical center providers utilized this consult order when identifying patients in need of specific services provided by outpatient pharmacists. Descriptive data about each individual consult was collected including number completed, type of service, and duration. Rate of accepted pharmacy recommendations and patient cost savings were also evaluated. A survey was administered at the completion of the study period to assess provider and pharmacist satisfaction with the service.  Patient demographic information was collected for those who had a documented completed consult.
Results: A total of 193 consults were completed: 137 immunizations, 37 care affordability, 15 education, 3 polypharmacy and 1 OTC recommendation. 89% of completed consults took pharmacists 20 minutes or less to complete. Of completed care affordability consults (n=31), 55% of patients saved between $100 - $500 per medication fill. Of providers who completed a survey and utilized the service (n=12), 83.3% were extremely satisfied and 16.7% were satisfied with it. The provider acceptance rate of pharmacist’s recommendations was 74%.
Conclusion: Implementation of an outpatient pharmacist consult service provided an alternative method for the utilization of pharmacist provided MTM services in outpatient pharmacies at a large academic medical center. The service was well received by both providers and pharmacists.
Reforma fiscal 2020: IVA e ISR para efectos de plataformas digitales
Authors: Cortés González Samantha , Mariani Ochoa René
Published: April 2021

En esta investigación lo que se busca es explicar en qué consiste una de las reformas fiscales 2020, explicando primeramente conceptos básicos para una mayor comprensión.Esta reforma afecta los impuestos de valor agregado y el impuesto sobre la renta ya que ahora se gravará a plataformas digitales, las cuales los últimos años han tenido un enorme crecimiento.Primeramente, se explica qué entendemos como plataforma digital, los tipos de plataformas digitales que existen y un poco del término comercio electrónico o e-commerce, ya que los dos vienen de la mano para llevar a cabo una economía digital.También conceptualizamos los impuestos, para recordar qué son, conocer porqué la federación los cobra y sus sustentos legales.Posteriormente, llegamos a la parte central de la investigación, abordamos por separado la afectación de esta reforma a los dos diferentes impuestos; mostrando, resumiendo y explicando cada parte de las secciones añadidas a cada ley.
El derecho contable en Colombia
Authors: Ome Barahona Anayibe
Published: April 2021

El presente artículo tiene por finalidad, de una parte, dar a conocer el desarrollado del Derecho contable en Colombia, propiciado por las primeras regulaciones de tipo contable y comercial, expedidas con mucha antelación a la actual Constitución Política de 1991, que en su carácter de Texto Jurídico– Político, reconoce la importancia tanto de la contabilidad como de la profesión dentro del acontecer económico nacional; legitimidad que discrepa con lo preceptuado por la Ley 43 de 1990, reguladora de la profesión de contador público y compiladora del código de ética de la profesión contable, que presenta problemas de obsolescencia frente a los avances de la disciplina; cuestión que ha llevado a plantear su pronta modificación.Y de otra, mostrar que el acervo legislativo colombiano de índole tributario suele superponerse a las normas contables; de ahí que la investigación documental aquí desarrollada, también recoja el análisis algunos preceptos normativos que, a efectos mercantiles y fiscales, consagran la obligación de llevar contabilidad y de facturar. De igual forma, se pudo constatar que existe abundante bibliografía sobre los fundamentos epistemológicos y teóricos de la contabilidad, que contrasta con la escasa literatura en materia jurídico-contable, lo que constituyó la principal cortapisa para robustecer el tema del Derecho contable colombiano.
La necesidad de la regulación contable, legal y fiscal del bitcoin en México, un tema de actualidad
Authors: Castillo Medina Marco Antonio , Vega Zarate César , Murcia López Leticia
Published: April 2021

México se está enfrentando a una nueva era digitalizada, donde nuevos conceptos como economía digital o criptomoneda son cada vez más utilizados entre la población actual mexicana, sin embargo, la legislación de México se encuentra aún rezagada por lo menos en el tema de criptomoneda, caso concreto Bitcoin.Dado lo anterior este trabajo en cuestión es una recopilación de información sobre la criptomoneda llamada Bitcoin y todos los ámbitos que lo rodean. Con la finalidad de esclarecer a fondo el tema del Bitcoin.En sus inicios se explica que es el dinero y su evolución, para dar contexto al tema, posteriormente se habla sobre la criptomoneda y Bitcoin en general en todo lo que le atañe y por último se describe un panorama general del entorno jurídico mexicano para comprender como es que la criptomoneda se contabiliza y fiscaliza en el territorio mexicano con las nuevas reformas creadas.
Concentración letal media CL (50-96) de las especies de peces Prochilodus magdalenae y Pimelodus grosskopfii al principio activo de fungicidas Cyproconazole utilizado en el cultivo de café en el departamento del Huila.
Authors: Pinto Juan Camilo , Valbuena Villarreal Rubén Darío
Published: April 2021

El país evidencia uno de los principales problemas ambientales y este se refiere al uso indiscriminado de plaguicidas en actividades mineras, el vertimiento de aguas servidas, actividades industriales y prácticas agrícolas inadecuadas, estos compuestos pueden llegar a cuerpos de agua por lixiviación o escorrentía. Los peces tienen la capacidad de almacenar en su organismo una concentración mayor de estos compuestos en comparación con en el medio, por lo que son un indicador importante de la contaminación. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la concentración letal media CL (50-96) de las especies de peces Prochilodus magdalenae “bocachico” y Pimelodus grosskopfii “capaz” bajo la acción del principio activo de fungicidas Cyproconazole usado en cultivos de café en el departamento del Huila. Los bioensayos se realizaron en la Estación Experimental de Recursos Hidrobiológicos de la Universidad Surcolombiana, usando 10 juveniles de bocachico bajo las concentraciones de 12.5, 14.0, 15.5 y 17.0 mg/L y 8 juveniles de capaz bajo las concentraciones de 6.0, 7,0 8.0 y 9.0 mg/L, tres replicas para cada concentración, se observó la mortalidad para 3, 6, 24, 48, 72 y 96 horas de exposición. Se encontró que la CL (50-96) para el bocachico fue de 15,218 mg/L y para el capaz de 6,864 mg/L, evidenciando que el Cyproconazole es moderadamente toxico para el bocachico y mucho más toxico para el capaz. Estos resultados fueron comparados con otros estudios con el mismo fungicida o con las mismas especies mostrando similitudes con algunos invertebrados y con el herbicida glifosato. Se plantea que a largo plazo estos plaguicidas pueden potencialmente perturbar las especies de peces de agua dulce, la comercialización de ellas y por ende la economía de las familias pesqueras de la zona. Se recomienda monitorear la aplicación de los plaguicidas en las áreas agrícolas para evitar impactos sobre los ecosistemas acuáticos.
Efecto de la coordenada representativa de la agregación en datos de conductividad eléctrica aparente y su relación con medidas de dependencia espacial
Authors: Grisales Camargo Edwin Francisco , Darghan Contreras Aquiles Enrique
Published: April 2021

La estimación de los recursos del suelo a una escala diferente en las que se hacen las observaciones es un problema de importancia que sigue generando investigaciones relacionadas. Un aumento en la escala significa un aumento en la variación del parámetro, y esto puede causar problemas al interactuar con la no linealidad en un proceso o modelo. Cambiar la resolución espacial agregando o desagregando datos conlleva el riesgo de resultados contradictorios. Para demostrar este hecho se tomaron datos de Conductividad Eléctrica Aparente con el sensor EM38-MK2 en posición vertical al suelo de forma simultánea con los dos dipolos a dos profundidades relativas (0.75m y 1.5m), asociados a una misma coordenada. Se evaluaron tamaños de agregación espacial desde una rejilla de 5m´5m hasta 70m´70m, con razón aritmética de 5m. Se usaron coordenadas representativas para generar la matriz de pesos espaciales basada en el: i) centro de la grilla, ii) valor medio de las coordenadas que interceptan espacialmente cada celda, y iii) valor del centroide de los puntos agregados por cada celda. Para analizar el patrón de autocorrelación espacial se usó el índice de Moran Montecarlo para los residuales del modelo ajustado. Los resultados mostraron que a medida que se aumenta el tamaño de la rejilla, la dependencia espacial univariada comienza a disminuir para todas las coordenadas representativas, siendo la coordenada del centro de la celda la más afectada. Para una profundidad específica del sensor, se recomienda el uso de la coordenada del centroide y en agregaciones que superen los 20m para mantener la estructura de dependencia espacial que pudiera ser natural en esta variable y conveniente en procesos de modelado mediante regresión espacial.
Variación temporal de los índices de sensibilidad de un modelo de cultivo para jitomate en invernadero
Authors: Martínez Ruiz Antonio , Pérez Jiménez Genaro , Mendoza Perez Cándido , Flores de la Rosa Felipe Robert , Servin Palestina Miguel
Published: April 2021

Los sistemas soporte de decisiones (SSD) son herramientas que pueden tener de base un modelo de cultivo y se utilizan para el manejo de ciertos aspectos en un agro-sistema como: programación de riego, control climático, fertilización y rendimientos. HORTSYST es un modelo dinámico de crecimiento, desarrollado para implementarse en un sistema experto para manejar el riego y nutrición de cultivos en sistemas intensivos. Cuenta con 16 parámetros, tres variables de estado: Producción de materia seca (DMP), índice fototérmico (PTI) y nitrógeno absorbido (Nup), además de dos variables de salidas; Transpiración del cultivo (ETc) e índice de Área foliar (LAI). Las variables de entrada son: La radiación solar global (Rg), temperatura del aire (Ta) y humedad relativa (Hr).  La parte central del modelo es la estimación de un índice fototérmico, que representa al tiempo de desarrollo del cultivo con el que se simula LAI. La ETc se estima con una ecuación de balance de masa y energía. DMP se simula con el enfoque de la eficiencia del uso de la radiación (RUE). Nup se determina con la curva de dilución del nitrógeno y DMP simulado previamente. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un análisis de sensibilidad global mediante el método de Sobol, para conocer la importancia de cada parámetro en las variables de salida, a los diez días después de trasplante (DDT), durante la etapa vegetativa (25 DDT), inicio de la fructificación (40 DDT), cosecha (80 DDT) y al final (119 DDT) del ciclo del cultivo de jitomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.), cultivado en hidropónia en invernadero durante primavera-verano (S-S). Se encontró que los índices de efectos principales y totales, como medida de influencia de los parámetros, no siguen un orden establecido con forme avanza el ciclo de cultivo. Esta variación temporal está en función de la etapa de desarrollo y debe considerarse al realizar un análisis de sensibilidad.