bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a condition of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus Pelamis) catching area in Ternate Island marine waters
Authors: Tangke U , Silooy F D , Rochmady  , Saing Z
Published: May 2020

Skipjack tuna is one pelagic fish that always migrates for a condition with relevant oceanographic factors for their survival, particularly for optimum sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a. This study conducted with the experimental fishing method from June - November 2018 in the waters of Ternate Island in observation of the optimal condition of oceanographic factors, mainly SST and Chlorophyll-a in the distribution of skipjack tuna. Employing a polynomial regression analysis, the research results show that the sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a parameters are strictly related to the distribution of the amount of skipjack tuna caught with correlation coefficient value (r) respectively of 0.646 for sea surface temperature and 0.565 for chlorophyll-a. The optimum temperature for the skipjack tuna in the waters of Ternate Island according to the research results ranges from 27.0°C - 30.9°C, while the optimum condition of chlorophyll-a is higher than 0.2 mg/m3-0.35mg/m3, and it seems that every increment of chlorophyll-a content in water indicates an increase of the amount of skipjack tuna catch.
Alternative management of plastic waste
Authors: Abukasim S M , Zuhria F , Saing Z
Published: May 2020

Plastic waste has reached a critical stage because it harms life and ecosystems. Increasing numbers require treatment to reduce the widespread adverse effects. This research uses a literature study to describe various alternatives to plastic waste management. There are various steps in handling to manage plastic waste. Principle 3R (Reuse, Reduce, and Recycle) applied to handle the plastic waste. Recycle is an alternative today to handle the increasing amount of plastic waste, while reuse and reduce are expected to reduce the amount of plastic waste. Waste plastic can do on thermoplastic type plastics, which are plastic products/materials which can be melted again by heating to a specific temperature so that other products can forms as desired. Plastic products that can be recycled include PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate), HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene), LDPE (Low-Density Polyethylene), and PP (Polypropylene). Recycling for plastic waste done through a chemical process that is by thermal cracking/pyrolysis. Plastic that is processed by pyrolysis can convert plastic into fuel oil. With this method, two problems can be solved at once, namely the processing of plastic waste and the fulfillment of increasingly depleting energy needs.
Community attitudes towards biogas as an alternative energy and environmental quality improvement
Authors: Arifin M Z , Khoir M , Purwanto B E
Published: May 2020

This study aims to find out and explore information on cattle farmers in utilizing their dung as alternative energy-biogas in their daily activities. By using quantitative descriptive research methods and Likert scale for data analysis on 50 respondents, resulting that as many as 46% of respondents agreed that biogas as an alternative energy and want to have it as much as 54%. However, in the statement that they will build biogas, most of them answered doubtfully, which is 70%. Doubts in building biogas are caused by, among others: the lack of sufficient information related to biogas, the high investment costs at the beginning of the biogas reactor construction, the are several biogas digesters do not work, the useful life and function of the biogas reactor, and the availability of land as a biogas reactor. As a solution to these problems, IEC program (Information, Education and Communication) can be done to the community, especially farmers about biogas as a whole; program synergies among the government, academics and biogas builders to encourage biogas development as an alternative energy while enhancing environmental quality.
Effectiveness of lavender sitzbath therapy on epissiorraphy of postpartum mother
Authors: Sari D P , Hamranani S S T , Sawitri E
Published: May 2020

High maternal birth with vaginal delivery causes high rate for perineal trauma and episiotomy. Epissiorraphy healing is prolonged in primiparous mother because lack of knowledge to care of their wound. It will interfere with the mother activity because of discomfort and pain on episiorrhaphy site. That is why non-pharmacologic management is recommended such as warm sitz bath therapy. Warm sitzbath therapy can increase blood flow to the perineal area through vasodilatation, increased capillary permeability, and reduced blood viscosity. Increased blood flows bring oxygen, nutrients and white blood cells to the wound that cause so the episiorraphy can heal faster The design of this research was pre-test and post-test nonequivalent control group. The sample was 15 participant for the intervention group using lavender sitzbath therapy and 15 participant for control group using sitzbath therapy only. The instrument using REEDA scale. Bivariate statistical test using Wilcoxon and Mann Whitney. The experiment group using lavender sitzbath therapy in pre-test “slightly healed” on the effectiveness of the lavender sitzbath therapy in terms of the healing process of episiorraphy on primiparous mother with the weighted mean 8.87 and the post-test “fully healed” with the weighted means 1.37. The result of pre-test and post-test had p-value of 0.001. it was interpreted that the lavender sitzbath therapy had a significant relationship in the healing process of primiparous mother. Lavender sitzbath therapy was effective on episiorraphy among postpartum mother.
Depo Medroxy Progesterone Acetate (DMPA) injection contraception towards hypertensions
Authors: Elsera C , Kusumaningrum P R , Fitriyanti A , Murtana A
Published: May 2020

The most widely used contraceptive method in Indonesia is hormonal contraception with injection types. Depo Medroxy Progesterone Acetate (DMPA) is a type of injection contraception that is widely used, ordinary people know it as a 3-month birth control injection. The 3-month injection contraception has advantages and disadvantages. One side effect of progesterone hormone content in the cardiovascular system can lead to the increased of bloodpressure. This study aims to determine the relationship between the duration of 3-month injection contraception usage and the incidence of hypertension in mothers of Dukuh Village, Bayat District, Klaten Regency. This study uses a descriptive correlational design with a cross sectional approach. Probability sampling was used as a sampling technique with a simple random sampling method with a total sample of 52 respondents. The statistical test used was kendall tau. The research results obtained p value 0.00 ( p value <0.05), so it can be concluded that there is a relationship between the duration of 3-month injection contraception usage and the incidence of hypertension in mothers of Dukuh Village, Bayat District, Klaten Regency.
Characteristic modifications of magnesium and its alloy for future implant material - Review
Authors: Afandi R , Sutiyoko  , Lutiyatmi
Published: May 2020

Magnesium and its alloy are known as biodegradable materials. Application of these materials especially as an implant material such as fracture fixation, cardiovascular stent and musculoskeletal. Characteristic modifications of these materials have been extensively done by some treatments. The objective of this paper is to review some treatments of the magnesium and its alloy to increase their characteristic as a biomaterial. In this paper, the treatments of magnesium and its alloy by coating, surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) and shot peening were reviewed. Some properties were studied base on these treatments such as corrosion resistant, morphology, mechanical properties, wettability, and biocompatibility. Coating treatment by thermal oxidation improved both wear and corrosion resistant. SMAT resulted in grain size of nanometre in the topmost surface of magnesium. Surface roughness and wettability also increased on the SMATed specimen but its corrosion resistant decreased. Severe shot peening on magnesium for orthopaedic application should be studied intensively.
Proteus as a virtual simulation to improve readiness and process skills in laboratory experiment
Authors: Firdaus  , Fatiatun  , Jumini S , Trisnowati E , Dahnuss D
Published: May 2020

This study aimed to determine the effect of using proteus as a simulation model to improve students’ readiness and process skills in digital electronics experiment. The research design is experimental research using pretest-posttest group design. The sample is 40 students who were divided in experiment class and control class. The instruments used for data collection were questionnaires and observation sheets. The instrument is used to determine the readiness and process skills in laboratory experiment. Hypothesis testing is using MANOVA statistical analysis techniques. The results showed that the use of proteus as a practical simulation model was quite effective to increase the readiness and process skills of students in conducting digital electronics experiment. The gain value is 0.59 for readiness and 0.57 for student’s process skills. The results of this study have implications for practical activities and learning in the classroom. Experiment activities can be carried out properly and smoothly.
The potential mapping of the needs of appropriate technology of cattle farm
Authors: Purnomo R A , Sarungu J J , Samodro B R , Mulyaningsih T , Gravitiani E , Gunardi A
Published: May 2020

The purpose of research “The Potential Mapping of the Needs of Appropriate Technology of Cattle Farm” is to describe the profile of dairy farmers, evaluate and measure the level of technological readiness ability of cattle ranchers which doing in Pudak sub-district, Ponorogo. The analytical tool used is a teknometer that serves to measure the level of technological readiness capability used for the production of milk, meat, skin and feces of the cows that are divided into three stages, basic (level 1 to level 3), medium (level 4 to level 6) and ready (Level 7 to Level 9). By using teknometer is expected to provide basic information about the mapping of potential needs and the use of appropriate technology both tools, process and cow production in Pudak, Ponorogo. The results of the evaluation and measurement of TK2T Cattle Farm in Pudak, Ponorogo showed that all samples had not passed the measurement at level 1 to level 3. In addition, no one has passed the middle level 4 to level 6, while the top-level measurement, Namely level 7 to level 9 only get a maximum score of 60 percent. This explains that milk and meat production in Pudak still needs government intervention both in the use of appropriate technology, as well as supporting indicators such as management, hygiene in production, and human resources.
Development of learning material of integer and fractions based on interactive multimedia with islamic values
Authors: Ahmad J , Handayani I I , Rizki S
Published: May 2020

The objective of this study was to produce learning material of integer and fractions based on interactive multimedia with Islamic values that valid and practical. The type of this research was Research and Development (R & D). The model used 4D (Define, Design, Development, and Disseminate). The research subjects were 10 students of Junior high school of Muhammadiyah 1 Metro. The instruments used expert validation assessment questionnaires to determine the feasibility of the product and questionnaire responses of students to find out the practicality of the product. The results of the percentage analysis of expert validation were obtained on average, that is, 83.54% with very feasible categories. As for the results of the students’ response trials, the average percentage was 87.41% with a very practical category. Therefore, it can be concluded that learning material of integer and fractions based on interactive multimedia with Islamic values were very valid and practically used for learning.
Analysis on hots-based question items of natural science subject in elementary school exam at academic year 2018
Authors: Sari Y , Cahyaningtyas A P
Published: May 2020

Result of Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) in 2015 showed that Indonesia was one of countries that had low ability in scientific literacy. Students were used to working on multiple choice questions on each exam. The National Exam, that is used as a benchmark for national standards in achieving quality students, also use multiple choices. However, components of questions with high-level thinking ability should have existed for a better standard. The purpose of this study was to determine the cognitive levels of students on the National Exam questions in Natural Science subject for elementary school at 2018/2019 academic year. The method in this research was a qualitative method. The data in this study was the script of National Exam questions in Natural Science subject for elementary school at 2018/2019. The data source used in this study was a student book grade 4,5,6 elementary school on Natural Science subject and textbooks about HOTS. Data and data sources were everything would succeed this research. Data analysis techniques in this research consisted of data reduction, data presentation, verification/conclusion stages. In testing the validity of the data, the author conducted a peer discussion. Results of this study were obtained as follows: questions with level 1 level were 17 (42,5 %), level 2 were 11 (27,5%), and level 3 were 12 (30%). The questions with level 3 were in HOTS category as 12 questions.
Evaluation of the accuracy of winnowing, rabin karp and knuth morris pratt algorithms in plagiarism detection applications
Authors: Widaningrum I , Mustikasari D , Arifin R , Pratiwi H A
Published: May 2020

The unethical behaviour of acts of plagiarism has been a disgrace in the educational realm. Using the internet, people can easily find articles or documents that are relevant to their current work, and simply duplicate the sentences or paragraphs without paraphrasing or giving correct citations. Such action falls into the area of plagiarism. In order to minimize the problem, especially in the educational field, it is necessary to develop plagiarism detection applications. The algorithm employed in the application plays an important role in obtaining accurate plagiarism detection results. To the best of our knowledge, three algorithms are commonly used in plagiarism detection applications, namely Winnowing, Rabin Karp and Knuth Morris Pratt, which are all employed in our application. To specify the accuracy of each algorithm, the percentages of the plagiarism detection results are compared to the results from examination by a human expert. From our results, we found that the order of the accuracy from highest to lowest corresponded to the Winnowing algorithm, Rabin Karp algorithm and Knuth Morris Pratt algorithm, with value differences of 1.19%, 53.91% and 83.91% respectively.
The influence of substrate bias and sputtering pressure on the deposited aluminium nitride for magnetoelectric sensors
Authors: Suharyadi H
Published: May 2020

A residual stress of Aluminium nitride (AlN) thin films has been a problem in the magnetoelectric (ME) composites that are used in the AC magnetic field sensors. The present work aims to optimize the deposition process of AlN in order to fabricate a nearly-zero stress of AlN thin films as well as ME composites without losing the microstructural and piezoelectric properties. The influences of RF bias power and sputtering pressure on the residual stress, microstructure, and piezoelectric response have been investigated. Two different stacks are deposited on Si/SiO2 substrates: Ta/Pt/AlN and Ta/FeCoSiB/Ta/Pt/AlN. Pulsed DC reactive sputter depositions have been performed to deposit AlN films. With increasing the substrate bias, stress of the AlN films and the stacks with the magneto strictive layer are augmented. A variation of the sputtering pressure is a promising way to fabricate nearly zero stress of the AlN films and the stacks without the magneto strictive layer. A transition from tensile to compressive stress has been observed at the low sputtering pressure. Sputtering pressure also affects the stress of AlN films and the stacks with the magneto strictive layer. FWHM of AlN (0002) peaks are nearly constant within the ranges of the substrate bias. By reducing the sputtering pressure, FWHM is broadened due to lower ionization degree associated with AlN formation and greater number of micro-arcs. However, the magnitude of e31,f is increased due to a lower residual stress at the low sputtering pressure.
The impact of coronal hole characteristics and solar cycle activity in reconstructing coronal holes with EUHFORIA
Authors: Asvestari E , Heinemann S G , Temmer M , Pomoell J , Kilpua E , Magdalenic J , Poedts S
Published: May 2020

Modelling with high accuracy the open magnetic field and the fast solar wind in the heliosphere is essential for space weather forecasting purposes. Primary sources of open magnetic field flux are Coronal Holes (CH), uni-polar regions that appear as dark patches in the solar corona when observed in X-ray and extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) images due to having significantly lower density and temperature to their surroundings. Therefore, when assessing how well the open magnetic field and the fast solar wind are modelled one can look at how well the model performs on one of its fundamental functions, that of reconstructing coronal hole areas. In this study we investigate how the CH morphology (i.e. latitudinal position of the centre of mass, area, intensity, elongation) and the solar variability, from high to low activity periods, can affect the results. We also investigated the possibility that the model is reconstructing CHs that are systematically shifted with respect to their observed position. The study is applied on 15 CHs exhibiting different latitudinal position and geometry. We compare the modelled CH areas with boundaries obtained by remote sensing EUV observations using the CATCH tool (Collection of Analysis Tools for Coronal Holes). We found no apparent effect of the CH characteristics on the modelling capabilities. In addition, solar cycle activity seems not to have any effect either. However, we emphasize that our sample is small and this outcome highlights the need for an extended research.
Historical solar Ca II K observations at the Kyoto and Sacramento Peak observatories
Authors: Chatzistergos T , Ermolli I , Krivova N A , Solanki S K
Published: May 2020

Archives of full-disc solar Ca II K observations covering even short periods of time can offer important data to fill observation gaps and to allow a better transition from historical to modern data. Two examples of such archives are those from the Kyoto and Sacramento Peak observatories. As most other historical Ca II K data, they suffer from artefacts that need to be accounted for to derive accurate plage areas. Here we present the results of our analysis of these archives of solar Ca II K images.
Optical variability of Active Galactic Nuclei from Catalina Surveys data
Authors: Laurenti M , Vagnetti F , Middei R
Published: May 2020

The Catalina Real-Time Transients Survey (CRTS) has observed a large fraction of the sky (∼33000 deg2), detecting more than 500 million objects several times, so providing a statistically consistent database of multi-epoch observations of various Galactic and extragalactic sources. Therefore, it is particularly suitable to perform variability studies over different timescales. The analysis of active galactic nuclei (AGN) flux variations provides an invaluable insight on these sources since variability encodes the underlying physics of the emitting regions. In this context, we present an optical variability analysis based on a statistical sample of AGN derived from the crossmatching of a preexistent multi-wavelength based catalogue (Multi-Epoch X-ray Serendipitous AGN Sample 2, or MEXSAS2) with the Catalina Surveys Data Release 2 (CSDR2). Visual inspection of the light curves and a novel estimate of the photometric error associated to the Catalina Sky Surveys have been mandatory to obtain a refined sample of 400 quasars widespread over a large interval of redshift (0.1 < z < 3.4) and bolometric luminosity (1045 erg/s ≲ LBoi ≲ 1048 erg/s). We exploit the structure function (SF) method, which works in the time domain, to investigate the short (few days) to long term (up to ∼ 10 years) variability properties of our sample. Our variability analysis suggests a possible underestimate of the photometric errors, which strongly affect the structure functions.
Suppression of backward scattering using chain of high index dielectric nanospheres
Authors: Natanael Misael , Iskandar Alexander A
Published: May 2020

High refractive index dielectric materials have been widely studied in nanophotonics as a substitude for plasmonic materials due to its low dissipative losses and its ability to generate magnetic moments resonance in visible light spectrum. The dimension, geometry, and materials used will affect the excited multipole moments, this can in turn be used to tailor the scattered field. The aim of this study is to design a structure composed of silicon nanospheres arranged in chain-like configuration which can suppress backward scattering. Analytical Mie theory formulation is employed to calculate the scattering field. Results show that by increasing the gap distance between nanospheres at certain incident wavelength, forward-to-backward scattering ratio is increased until it reaches optimum value. Further increase will enhance backward scattering due to higher multipole excitation.
The Equation of Motion Phonon Method and its application to neutron rich odd nuclei
Authors: De Gregorio G. , Knapp F. , Lo Iudice N. , Veselý P.
Published: May 2020

We report on the extension to odd nuclei of a microscopic multiphonon approach known as equation of motion phonon method and its application to the odd neighbors of the neutron rich 22O. A calculation using the chiral potential NNLO
opt
and encompassing up to two phonon basis states provides a description of the spectroscopic properties which is good quantitatively for 23O and qualitatively for 21O and 21N. Serious discrepancies between theory and experiments occur in 23F. A possible recipe for curing them is under investigation.
How to search on EXFOR
Authors: Otuka Naohiko , Soppera Nicolas
Published: May 2020

The experimental nuclear reaction data compiled in the EXFOR library are loaded to databases and accessed by users. The EXFOR library covers not only the cross section but also various other nuclear reaction quantities such as fission yield and thick target yield. It is not always trivial to find an appropriate set of keywords extracting the data sets of interest neither too many or too few. Sometimes users are too specific in their queries, and find nothing in the database. This article presents some examples of EXFOR retrievals for better access to the databases.
Neutron-induced activation cross-sections for fusion technology applications
Authors: Semkova V , Plompen A J M , Troev T
Published: May 2020

Activation method was employed to measure the cross section for the 58Ni(n,pα)54Mn and 63Cu(n,pα)59Fe reactions in the energy range from the threshold up to 21 MeV. The quasi-monoenergetic neutrons in the energy range from 14 to 21 MeV were produced via the 3H(d,n)4He reaction at 1, 2, 3 and 4 MeV incident deuteron energies. High purity Ni and Cu samples with natural isotopic composition and dimensions of ϕ12x5 mm and ϕ20x5 mm respectively were utilized. The gamma-ray spectrometry using HPGe detector was utilized to measure the activity induced in the sample. The cross sections were determined relative to the standard cross section the 27Al(n,α)24Na reaction. The results for the 63Cu(n,pα)59Fe reaction cross section were obtained for the first time.
Analysis of scattering and breakup reactions of 12,14Be within the microscopic model of optical potential
Authors: Zemlyanaya E.V. , Lukyanov V.K. , Kadrev D.N. , Lukyanov K.V. , Antonov A.N. , Gaidarov M.K.
Published: May 2020

Analysis of the differential cross sections of scattering of neutron-rich nuclei 12,14Be on 12C at 56 MeV/nucleon and on protons at energy near 700 MeV/nucleon is carried out within the microscopic model of optical potential (OP). The real part of the 12,14Be+12C OP is calculated by using the double-folding procedure accounting for the anti-symmetrization effects, while the imaginary part of OP is obtained in the framework of the high-energy approximation (HEA). As to the 12,14Be+p scattering at relativistic energies, calculations of the both real and imaginary OPs were made within the HEA approach. In this framework, the only free parameters of OP are the depths of its real and imaginary parts obtained by fittingto experimental data. The role of the 12,14Be density models is considered when reproducing the experimental data. A contribution of the inelastic channels with excitations of 2+ and 3− states in 12C when calculating the quasielastic cross sections is analysed. Also, the 14Be cluster model, in which this nucleus consists of a 2n-halo and the 12Be core, is applied to calculate the cross sections of diffraction breakup and stripping reactions in the 14Be+12C collisions at the energy of 56 MeV/nucleon. A good agreement of the theoretical results with the available experimental data of both scattering and breakup processes is obtained.
Study of Cluster Structure of Light Nuclei by Feynman’s Continual Integrals and Hyperspherical Functions
Authors: Samarin V V
Published: May 2020

Calculations of the probability densities and energies for Nα-cluster nuclei 12C (3α), 16O (4α), 20Ne (5α), 24Mg (6α), 28Si (7α) and for nuclear molecules 9Be (α + n + α), 10Be (α + n + n + α), were performed by the Feynman’s continual integrals method using parallel computing based on NVIDIA CUDA technology. New effective method for the solution of the hyperradial equations with cubic splines approximation is proposed and tested for exactly solvable 4-body system.
Systematics of positron lifetime spectroscopy measurements in ferroelectrics
Authors: Peneva S , Troev T , Kolev B
Published: May 2020

In the paper is demonstrated the use of positron lifetime spectroscopy (PLS) in a comparative study of the results in ferroelectrics. The first part is devoted to the application of PLS as a probe for measurements of ferroelectrics. In Triglycine Sulphate (TGS) (NH3CH2COOH)3H2SO4, Rochelle Salt (RS) NaKC4H4O64H2O and Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate (KDP) KH2PO4 at different temperatures and gamma irradiation doses is established the existence of three positron lifetime components. This experimental results show that the second long lifetime component as a function of temperature in order-disorder ferroelectrics TGS, RS and KDP is due to the positron trapping in negatively charge defects of ferroelectric. The positron spectroscopy method is effective for measurements of extremely small defects and voids, which is important for the next exploitation period of the ferroelectrics. PLS measurements of ferroelectrics show that about the third lifetime component is due to the local formation of orhto-positronium state on the boundary between the domains. In the second part the PLS analysis has been applied for examination the electronic and defect structure in selected ferroelectrics materials. In gamma irradiated TGS positrons are trapped in the defect states of the oxygen ions of the two radicals CH2COO- and NH3CHCOO-. In RS positrons are trapped also in the defect states of the oxygen ions and OH groups.
Intellectual property right and farmer protection in accessing genetic resources
Authors: Novianto  , Prastanta L D
Published: May 2020

Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) in the field of agriculture are regulated under the Patent Law, the Plant Breeder’s Right Act and the Plant Cultivation System Act. The decision Number 99/PUU-X/2012 of the Constitution Court granted the right of farmers to access genetic resources (GR). The study aims to assert an application relevance of the law on the events in concreto complying with the provisions of law or contract. This is normative law research. This study revealed that if the Plant Breeder’s Right Act and the Patent Act are linked to access to GR, they are not adequately regulated of how fair its benefit-sharing from the use of genetic resources, especially to local communities or farmer which had traditional knowledge (TK). The benefits of IPR are, a form of legal protection against the TK of the population over local varieties, it can utilize GR, and as conservation. IPR has progressively been incorporated into agriculture, namely Law Number 4/2006 concerning the Ratification of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA) and Law Number 11/2013 on the approval of the Nagoya Protocol on access to GR and the fair and equitable benefit-sharing arising from their utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Based on this, it is essential to consider equal and balancing protection between breeder rights and farmer rights.
Strengthening seed delivery system for enhanced adoption of improved sorghum varieties among smallholder farmers in Malawi, Mozambique and Zambia
Authors: Munkombwe G , Nthewa C , Mutaliano J A
Published: May 2020

Many improved sorghum varieties and hybrids have been developed by public research institutions in Malawi, Mozambique and Zambia. However, the seeds are not readily available to small-scale farmers in remote rural areas. The non-availability of improved seed is due to various reasons, including low demand for certified seed and therefore, low profitability. Sorghum has been unattractive to large seed companies, and hence is not taking up production and distribution of these improved sorghum varieties to farming communities leading to low adoption. As a result, a seed system strengthening project was initiated to enhance seed delivery in remote rural areas that cannot access seeds easily. The project is in the first year stage and is being implemented in fourteen districts of Malawi, Mozambique and Zambia. The project activities include early generation seed production of selected sorghum varieties, the establishment of promotional demonstration fields, building the capacity of seed producers and farmers in seed production through training and creating a platform for players in the sorghum seed value chain. The specific objectives are: (i) to improve the availability of sufficient quantities of early generation seed to seed producers, (ii) to strengthen the capacity of sorghum seed value chain players involved in the promotion of released sorghum varieties, and (iii) to promote the use of sorghum certified seed by small scale farmers. The research outputs so far achieved are 250 farmers have been trained in seed production, 10 tons of basic seed of selected varieties have been produced and 144 sites have been established.
MARDI rice genebank: important roles in data management and data sharing
Authors: Noorzuraini S , Shukri M , Amron A , Izzat M , Ramdzan M , Idayu N
Published: May 2020

Malaysia has agreed to adopt the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA) and acceded to the Treaty in 2004. Under Article 10 of the Treaty, the contracting parties should allow easy access of the genetic resources under Annex 1 Crop through Multilateral System, and Benefit-Sharing raised from the utilization of the resources. To implement the Treaty, MARDI has actively involved in the implementation through the exchange of seeds particularly rice accessions using Standard Materials Transfer Agreement (SMTA) and in data sharing for easy access of rice genetic resources. MARDI has started to involve in adoption and implementation of Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) and also contributed to the Genesys database though a project named „Building Genesys Catalog of Phenotypic Datasets of Malaysian Rice Germplasm’. In Malaysia, rice genetic resources are conserved at the National Rice Genebank in Penang. The genebank was established in 1989 with the primary purpose to collect and conserve rice genetic resources (Oryza spp.) in Malaysia. Currently, the genebank has conserved a total of 13,020 accessions of rice germplasms consisted of landraces collected throughout the country, introduced varieties, and breeding materials. The rice germplasms are an important source of genetic materials for the development of new rice varieties. To date, 48 rice varieties were developed and introduced to the farmers and local communities. Those varieties possessed consequential and unique traits such as high yield and resistant to pest and diseases, to make them valuable to farmers and local communities. Those varieties are registered and freely accessed in Global Information System (GLIS) website for DOI implementation. Besides, a total of 22 phenotypic datasets including datasets for morphological traits, pest and diseases (brown planthopper, blast and bacterial leaf blight), and quality and speciality traits, are prepared and published in the Genesys portal (database). Data sharing is essential to enhance the breeding program in the country and sharing of valuable genetic resources with other countries for the future development of new varieties for food security and to promote sustainable agriculture.
Identification of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) mutants and improved varieties having diverse drought tolerance character using SSR marker
Authors: Nugroho K , Kosmiatin M , Husni A , Tasma I M , Lestari P
Published: May 2020

Global climate change has a huge impact on the agricultural world. The water scarcity that happened in some areas can lead to decreased food production, including soybean in Indonesia. Indonesia has a number of soybean genotypes with diverse drought tolerance which have been obtained using various approaches and could be one of the alternatives in responding to the problem. This study aimed to identify soybean mutant genotypes generated from in vitro selections and improved varieties using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers. A total of 10 mutant lines and 20 improved varieties from Indonesia were genotyped using 10 SSR markers adopted from literatures and ten newly designed SSR markers. The research was conducted in ICABIOGRAD molecular biology laboratory from November 2017 to February 2018. The amplicons were scored as binary data and analyzed using NTSYS and PowerMarker softwares. The new SSR markers were designed based on the variants searched from the IAARD genome database (www.genom.litbang.pertanian.go.id) and showed unambiguous amplicons. The results showed that adopted SSR markers were able to detect more alleles, a higher range of major allele frequency, gene diversity, heterozygosity and Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) compared to the newly designed markers. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all of the soybean mutants were grouped in the same cluster with the parent (Sindoro). This molecular marker-based information of soybean mutants along with the improved varieties in this study could be useful for assisting breeding strategy in screening parental lines to develop drought tolerant soybean varieties in the future.
Diversity analysis in soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) mutant lines grown in saline soil using agronomic traits and RAPD markers
Authors: Agam M G S A S , Kusmiyati F , Anwar S , Herwibawa B
Published: May 2020

Soybean is one of the strategic food crops in Indonesia, but its production is far below the demand due to inadequate area for soybean cultivation. Shifting soybean cultivation to marginal land such as saline soil has been suggested as a realistic solution to increase soybean production. Development of soybean variety tolerant to salinity is the key step to support the cultivation of soybean in saline soil. The objective of this research was to evaluate the genetic diversity in mutant soybean lines generated using gamma rays based on agronomic traits and RAPD markers. A total of 200 irradiated seeds of cultivar Detam-3 were planted in saline soil with electrical conductivity of 1.2–4.3 dS/m. Agronomic traits were evaluated on plants until harvesting time. Genetic analysis using two RAPD markers (OPAA-02 and OPAA-14) was done on 11 plants of each radiation treatment. The results showed that 54 plants survived in saline soil. High level of variation based on agronomic traits was observed in these plants. RAPD analysis revealed 60% and 83.3% polymorphism among 11 plants for OPAA-02 and OPAA-14 markers, respectively.
Targeted mutation of GA20ox-2 gene using CRISPR/Cas9 system generated semi-dwarf phenotype in rice
Authors: Santoso T J , Trijatmiko K R , Char S N , Yang B , Wang K
Published: May 2020

Recently, the engineered CRISPR/Cas9 system has been applied to rapidly and efficiently modify the targeted gene(s) in a wide variety of plants. Recent studies of successful targeted mutagenesis using the CRISPR/Cas9 system with a single gRNA expression in rice plants have been reported. GA20ox-2 is a gene encoding an oxidase enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of gibberellin and linked to sd1 locus. A previous study revealed that mutation of this gene resulted in shorter stature of rice plant due to defects in the gibberellin’s signalling pathway. Here, we studied targeted mutation of OsGA20ox-2 gene in rice using the CRISPR/Cas9 system with the expression of two gRNAs. In this study, we introduced a single plasmid vector of CRISPR/Cas9 system harboring dual gRNAs to modify OsGA20ox-2 gene in a rice model cv. Kitaake via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Targeted mutagenesis of OsGA20ox-2 gene using CRISPR/Cas9 generated nine mutated rice lines with a mutation frequency of 90%. Most mutated lines (50%) had mutations in both OsGA20ox-2 gRNA. They resulted in homo-diallelic mutation type with 44 bp deletion, while three lines were heterozygous, one line was homo-diallelic with 2 bp insertion, and one line had no mutation. The K15 mutated rice line was identified as a homozygous two-nucleotide insertion and had the semi-dwarf phenotype, demonstrating that OsGA20ox-2 gene had been disrupted.
Transformation using RNAi technology for developing potato lines resistance to late blight (Phytophthora infestans)
Authors: Listanto E , Riyanti E I , Ambarwati A D
Published: May 2020

Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary causes late blight, a major disease of potato and tomato that causes production loss at about 10–100% in Indonesia. Breeding for late blight resistance in potato has been carried out in this country to minimize fungicide application. The objective of this study was to generate potato lines resistant to P. infestans through RNAi method. A series of studies were conducted, including confirmation of RNAi construct insertion in Agrobacterium tumefaciens and PCR analysis, transformation of two potato cultivars using A. tumefaciens carrying the RNAi fragment, in addition to selection and molecular analysis of selected plantlet using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The RNAi plasmid construct was confirmed via PCR analysis using specific primers for 35s and Tnos fragment, and resulted in 500 bp and 250 bp for fragment of 35s and Tnos, respectively. Transformation was performed on 733 Granola’s internode explants and 569 Atlantic’s internode explants. The transformation process produced 282 explants from Atlantic, while Granola did not produce any transformants. The level of transformation efficiency of Atlantic on selection medium containing hygromycin was 49.61%. Following regeneration step, the 282 selected explants produced 167 plantlets. Based on PCR reaction using specific primers for hpt gene, 14 plantlets were PCR positive and contained hpt fragment. Overall, Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation on potato internode explants was successful. Therefore, the selected transformants should be further tested using bioassay for resistance to P. infestans.
Genetic resources management of local tidal rice in Riau province
Authors: Sinaga P H , Yunita R , Sutrisna N
Published: May 2020

There are at least 19 major groups of local tidal rice cultivars distributed in Pelalawan District which were not pure. This study aimed to report the progress of collaboration research among Riau AIAT, Pelalawan District Government and farmers has developed in situ and ex situ conservation of the local tidal rice cultivars from the year 2007 to 2018. Positive mass selection in Karya population has resulted in KN1-79 line with a yield potential of 6.74 t/ha dry milled grain (DMG), whereas in Cekau population has resulted in C1/KB line with a yield potential of 8.60 t/ha DMG. KN1-79 and C1/KB line have been released as Karya Pelalawan variety and Cekau Pelalawan variety, respectively. Both varieties have been registered by Center of Plant Variety Protection. The drawback of these local cultivars is late in maturity. Karya Pelalawan was crossed to Fatmawati and produced varieties Bono Pelalawan and Mendol Pelalawan which have early maturity character. Cekau 34 was crossed with Cisantana and produced Inpara Pelalawan with new characters such as early maturing, aromatic grain and tolerant to iron toxicity and salinity. Participatory plant breeding has promoted the released varieties to be widely and rapidly distributed as well as easily accepted by farmers. By promoting the ownership of local cultivars to the local government, local cultivars could be as a regional identity. Thus, it has been shown that Pelalawan District Government was actively involved in the development of released cultivars derived from local rice cultivars.
The use of specifically adapted genetic resources for regional economic development
Authors: Moeljopawiro S
Published: May 2020

Genetic resources are essential sources for further varietal improvement as well as directly used of their products due to their prime quality product in a particular region but not in other regions. Genetic resources grown for some time in a region probably have been improved their adaptability to the environment. The resourses could be used to develop new varieties adapted to a specific location. If every region has that kind of variety, it will, in turn, improve national productivity of that commodity. Besides, genetic resources having specific adaptability to a specific location and producing a prime quality needed by the consumer may also be useful to boost the economy of that particular region. This kind of products is generally known as the Geographical Indication (GI) products. A GI must identify a product as originating in a given place. Examples of products protected with GI that improve the local economy are: (1) GI Kintamani arabica coffee which before the protection involving 40 groups of farmers (1,750 workers), the price of coffee IDR 25,000.00/kg. After the protection, the farmers’ groups become 60 involving 2,640 workers and the price increase to IDR 75,000.00/kg, (2) Muntok white pepper, the price after protection is IDR 170,000.00/kg, whereas the price before protection was IDR 40,000.00/kg. The use of genetic resources in varieties improvement required a tremendous amount of effort and funds, while GI required effort in maintaining quality of products and funds for the promotion of product.
Genetic diversity of red rice varieties originating from West Java and Banten based on SSR marker related to palatability
Authors: Susiyanti  , Nurmayulis  , Eris F R , Kartina A M , Maryani Y , Aryani T
Published: May 2020

West Java and Banten Provinces have diverse local red rice varieties/accessions to support national food security, not only in terms of quantity but also the quality of rice. Good eating quality is closely related to palatability. Palatability is a property that is directly related to the quality of rice feeding, aroma, appearance, taste and texture. This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity and DNA fingerprint profiles of local red rice accessions from West Java dan Banten using molecular markers related to palatability. A total of 12 red rice accessions and four local red rice accessions from Banten and West Java Provinces were estimated their genetic diversity, respectively. The SSR primers used were Ams (linked with aspartate aminotransferase), GPA (glucosamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase), GBSS1 (granule-bound starch synthase), CBG (nano cyanogenic β-glucosidase), SS1 (starch synthase), SBE1 (glucosidic linkage of a-polyglucan), RM510 (gel consistency), RM13 (protein content) and RM410 (aromatic). The dendrogram showed two main groups of red rice accessions. The first group consisted of Mayang, Tambleg, Sengkeuhan, Pare Jaketra, Jalawara Hawara, Gadok, Carogol, Beureum Batu, Waren, Segubal, Tampai Beureum and Leger Pondok (similarity reached 80.5%). The second group consists of Kapundung, Cere Beureum and Cireh Hideung with a similarity of 79.5%.
Tiller profile diversity of upland rice germplasm in ICABIOGRAD gene bank
Authors: Afza H , Andarini Y N , Risliawati A
Published: May 2020

Tillering ability is an important agronomic trait that determines the yield of rice. Tiller type in rice is categorized as primary, secondary and tertiary tiller which produces panicle at generative phase. Tillering ability as well as the tiller type varies between varieties, especially among germplasms. Our study aimed to identify the tiller profile diversity of upland rice germplasm in ICABIOGRAD Genebank. A total of 100 accessions of local upland rice varieties were planted in a randomized completely block design with two replications under greenhouse condition. The number of tiller from each type was observed weekly from 35 to 63 days after sowing (DAS). The result of the study showed that the number of primary tiller increased slowly from 35 DAS until 63 DAS. After 49 DAS there was no significant addition in secondary tiller number. Generally, the average mean number of tertiary tiller accross the accessions was far below compared to the number of primary and secondary tiller. The highest number of primary tiller, i.e. 8, was expressed by Pae Daye Indolobye (North Sulawesi), Padi Pulut Pute Iteung (East Kalimantan) and K. Puyuk (Central Kalimantan). Up to 22 secondary tillers were formed by Gadabung, a local upland rice variety from Central Kalimantan. Information on tillering ability of local upland variety will benefit rice breeder for selecting appropriate accessions as a gene source for breeding.
Development of physical color reference for Indonesia paddy collection
Authors: Hidayatun N , Sabran M , Ramadhani A , Widaningsih N A
Published: May 2020

One of the objectives of genebank management is to maintain the genetic identity of its collection. In order to maintain the genetic identity, it is important to check new seed against a reference collection. A simple morphological character for determining the reference collection is the color of lemma and palea. Lemma and palea is a pair of bract-like organ in the floret and have similar pattern of pigmentation and therefore can be treated together. The color of lemma and palea determine the seed color. To develop reference collection for grain color characterization of rice germplasm in the Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development (ICABIOGRAD) Genebank, 1,000 sample of seeds produced from different year of regeneration are characterized based on the lemma and color categories of the IRRI guidelines for the characterization and evaluation system. Samples of each category were then arranged and photographed. From 11 categories of lemma and palea color described in the guidelines, there are six color categories available from genebank rice collection, whereas five color categories were not found. The six available color categories were straw, golden, brown spot in the straw background, brown line in the straw background, brown, orange-brown and black. Five color categories were not found in the collections i.e. red-purple, purple spots on straw, purple line on straw, purple and white. This material reference could be used for characterization of Indonesian rice. The seeds of the absent categories might need to be aquisitated to the genebank to complete the reference collection.