bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding patient needs and gaps in radiology reports through online discussion forum analysis
Authors: Alarifi Mohammad , Patrick Timothy , Jabour Abdulrahman , Wu Min , Luo Jake
Published: April 2021

Our objective is to investigate patient needs and understand information gaps in radiology reports using patient questions that were posted on online discussion forums. We leveraged online question and answer platforms to collect questions posted by patients to understand current gaps and patient needs. We retrieved six hundred fifty-nine (659) questions using the following sites: Yahoo Answers, Reddit.com, Quora, and Wiki Answers. The questions retrieved were analyzed and the major themes and topics were identified. The questions retrieved were classified into eight major themes. The themes were related to the following topics: radiology report, safety, price, preparation, procedure, meaning, medical staff, and patient portal. Among the 659 questions, 35.50% were concerned with the radiology report. The most common question topics in the radiology report focused on patient understanding of the radiology report (62 of 234 [26.49%]), image visualization (53 of 234 [22.64%]), and report representation (46 of 234 [19.65%]). We also found that most patients were concerned about understanding the MRI report (32%; n = 143) compared with the other imaging modalities (n = 434). Using online discussion forums, we discussed major unmet patient needs and information gaps in radiology reports. These issues could be improved to enhance radiology design in the future.
Multiple Orbitoides d’Orbigny lineages in the Maastrichtian? Data from the Central Sakarya Basin (Turkey) and Arabian Platform successions (Southeastern Turkey and Oman)
Authors: Özcan Ercan , Yücel Ali Osman , Catanzariti Rita , Kayğılı Sibel , Okay Aral I. , Simmons Michael D. , Pignatti Johannes , Abbasi İftikhar Ahmed , Erbil Ümitcan
Published: April 2021

The standard reconstruction of species of Orbitoides d’Orbigny into a single lineage during the late Santonian to the end of the Maastrichtian is based upon morphometric data from Western Europe. An irreversible increase in the size of the embryonic apparatus, and the formation of a greater number of epi-embryonic chamberlets (EPC) with time, is regarded as the main evolutionary trends used in species discrimination. However, data from Maastrichtian Orbitoides assemblages from Central Turkey and the Arabian Platform margin (Southeastern Turkey and Oman) are not consistent with this record. The Maastrichtian Besni Formation of the Arabian Platform margin in Southeastern Turkey yields invariably biconvex specimens, with small, tri- to quadrilocular embryons and a small number of EPC, comparable to late Campanian Orbitoides medius (d’Archiac). The upper Maastrichtian Taraklı Formation from the Sakarya Basin of Central Turkey contains two distinct, yet closely associated forms of Orbitoides, easily differentiated by both external and internal features. Flat to biconcave specimens possess a small, tri- to quadrilocular embryonic apparatus of Orbitoides medius-type and a small number of EPC, whereas biconvex specimens possess a large, predominantly bilocular embryonic apparatus, and were assigned to Orbitoides ex. interc. gruenbachensis Papp–apiculatus Schlumberger based on morphometry. The flat to biconcave specimens belong to a long overlooked species Orbitoides pamiri Meriç, originally described from the late Maastrichtian of the Tauride Mountains in SW Turkey. This species is herein interpreted to be an offshoot from the main Orbitoides lineage during the Maastrichtian, as are forms that we term Orbitoides ‘medius’, since they recall this species, yet are younger than normal occurrence with the accepted morphometrically defined lineage. The consistent correlation between the external and internal test features in O. pamiri implies that the shape of the test is not an ecophenotypic variation, but appears to be biologically controlled. We, therefore, postulate that more than one lineage of Orbitoides exists during the Maastrichtian, with a lineage that includes O. ‘medius’ and O. pamiri displaying retrograde evolutionary features.
Carbon footprint reduction associated with a surgical outreach clinic
Authors: Forner David , Purcell Chad , Taylor Victoria , Noel Christopher W. , Pan Larry , Rigby Matthew H. , Corsten Martin , Trites Jonathan R. , Eskander Antoine , McDonald Ted , Taylor S. Mark
Published: April 2021

Background

Healthcare systems generate substantial carbon footprints that may be targeted to decrease greenhouse gas emissions. Outreach clinics may represent tools to assist in this reduction by optimizing patient related travel. Therefore, we sought to estimate the carbon footprint savings associated with a head and neck surgery outreach clinic.

Methods

This study was a cross-sectional survey of patient travel patterns to a surgical outreach clinic compared to a regional cancer treatment centre from December 2019 to February 2020. Participants completed a self-administered survey of 12 items eliciting travel distance, vehicle details, and ability to combine medical appointments. Canadian datasets of manufacturer provided vehicular efficiency were used to estimate carbon emissions for each participant. Geographic information systems were used for analyses.

Results

One hundred thirteen patients were included for analysis. The majority of patients (85.8%) used their own personal vehicle to travel to the outreach clinic. The median distance to the clinic and regional centre were 29.0 km (IQR 6.0–51.9) and 327.0 km (IQR 309.0–337.0) respectively. The mean carbon emission reduction per person was therefore 117,495.4 g (SD: 29,040.0) to 143,570.9 g (SD: 40,236.0). This represents up to 2.5% of an average individual's yearly carbon footprint. Fewer than 10% of patients indicated they were able to carpool or group their appointments.

Conclusion

Surgical outreach clinics decrease carbon footprints associated with patient travel compared to continued care at a regional centre. Further research is needed to determine possible interventions to further reduce carbon emissions associated with the surgical care of patients.

Graphical Abstract
Underestimated responses of Walker circulation to ENSO-related SST anomaly in atmospheric and coupled models
Authors: Wang Xin-Yue , Zhu Jiang , Chang Chueh-Hsin , Johnson Nathaniel C. , Liu Hailong , Li Yadi , Song Chentao , Xin Meijiao , Zhou Yi , Li Xichen
Published: April 2021

The Pacific Walker circulation (WC) is a major component of the global climate system. It connects the Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) variability to the climate variabilities from the other ocean basins to the mid- and high latitudes. Previous studies indicated that the ENSO-related atmospheric feedback, in particular, the surface wind response is largely underestimated in AMIP and CMIP models. In this study, we further investigate the responses in the WC stream function and the sea level pressure (SLP) to the ENSO-related SST variability by comparing the responses in 45 AMIP and 63 CMIP models and six reanalysis datasets. We reveal a diversity in the performances of simulated SLP and WC between different models. While the SLP responses to the El Niño-related SST variability are well simulated in most of the atmospheric and coupled models, the WC stream function responses are largely underestimated in most of these models. The WC responses in the AMIP5/6 models capture ~ 75% of those in the reanalysis, whereas the CMIP5/6 models capture ~ 58% of the responses. Further analysis indicates that these underestimated circulation responses could be partially attributed to the biases in the precipitation scheme in both the atmospheric and coupled models, as well as the biases in the simulated ENSO-related SST patterns in the coupled models. One should pay special attention to these biases when studying the WC or the tropical atmosphere–ocean interactions using numerical models.
Damage to cardiac vasculature may be associated with breast cancer treatment-induced cardiotoxicity
Authors: Hoffman Rebecca K. , Kim Bang-Jin , Shah Payal D. , Carver Joseph , Ky Bonnie , Ryeom Sandra
Published: April 2021

Background

Breast cancer is the most common female cancer worldwide. Effective therapies including doxorubicin and trastuzumab have improved survival, but are associated with a substantial risk of cardiovascular disease. Mechanisms underlying cancer treatment-induced cardiotoxicity (CTC) are poorly understood and have largely focused on cardiomyocyte damage, although other cellular populations in the heart such as the cardiac endothelium, may play an important role in cardiac damage. We treated a breast tumor-bearing mouse model with doxorubicin and trastuzumab to investigate the role of the cardiac endothelium in the development of CTC.

Methods

Immune compromised mice were inoculated in the 4th mammary fat pad with human breast cancer cells overexpressing HER2 (BT474). When tumors were palpable, mice were treated weekly with doxorubicin (5 mg/kg) and trastuzumab (4 mg/kg). The cardiac phenotype of mice was assessed by echocardiography and histological evaluation of the heart. Cardiac vascular damage was assayed by in vivo permeability assays and primary cultures of murine cardiac endothelial cells were used to assay doxorubicin toxicity in vitro.

Results

The growth of BT474 breast tumors in Balb/c Nude mice was suppressed upon treatment with doxorubicin and trastuzumab. Mice treated for 4 months with doxorubicin and trastuzumab maintained body weights, but demonstrated an echocardiographic phenotype consistent with preserved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, decreased LV mass and increased filling pressures (E/e’). Histological staining with Masson’s trichrome and Picrosirius red showed extensive fibrosis and increased collagen deposition in the ventricular myocardium surrounding blood vessels of treated mice compared to untreated mice. Evans blue permeability assays demonstrated increased cardiac vasculature permeability while primary cardiac endothelial cells exposed to doxorubicin in vitro showed increased cell death as compared to lung or liver endothelial cells.

Conclusions

An orthotopic mouse model of human breast cancer in Nude mice treated with doxorubicin and trastuzumab resulted in a cardiac vascular defect accompanied by preserved LV ejection fraction, decreased LV mass, suggesting mild diastolic dysfunction and cardiac remodeling consistent with subclinical cardiotoxicity. Our data suggest that cardiac endothelium is more sensitive to doxorubicin therapy as compared to other organ endothelium and cardiac endothelial damage may correlate with breast cancer treatment-induced cardiotoxicity.
Psychotropic medication prescribing in people with autism spectrum disorders with and without psychiatric comorbidity
Authors: Carthy Elliott , Ross Callum , Murphy David
Published: April 2021

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of lifelong neurodevelopmental disorders characterised by difficulties in social interactions and social communication, and restricted and repetitive behaviours. Relative to the general population, individuals with ASDs are likely to be overrepresented in secure psychiatric care and custodial settings. Outcomes vary and can be problematic in the context of co-occurring intellectual disability, psychiatric disorder and challenging behaviours. To date, there is little in the way of specialised clinical guidance on the prescription of psychotropic medicines for individuals with ASDs, particularly information on any differences in efficacy and/or tolerability of specific medications. This review summarises the key research to date on the prescription of psychotropic medication in ASD with and without comorbid psychiatric or neurodevelopmental disorders, within the context of the existing clinical guidance. Some critical analysis is provided to aid clinicians in following a safe, effective and individualised approach to prescribing for people with ASDs.
Evidence of an interaction between FXR1 and GSK3β polymorphisms on levels of Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia and their response to antipsychotics
Authors: Rampino Antonio , Torretta Silvia , Gelao Barbara , Veneziani Federica , Iacoviello Matteo , Marakhovskaya Aleksandra , Masellis Rita , Andriola Ileana , Sportelli Leonardo , Pergola Giulio , Minelli Alessandra , Magri Chiara , Gennarelli Massimo , Vita Antonio , Beaulieu Jean Martin , Bertolino Alessandro , Blasi Giuseppe
Published: April 2021

Background

Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWASs) have identified several genes associated with Schizophrenia (SCZ) and exponentially increased knowledge on the genetic basis of the disease. In addition, products of GWAS genes interact with neuronal factors coded by genes lacking association, such that this interaction may confer risk for specific phenotypes of this brain disorder. In this regard, fragile X mental retardation syndrome-related 1 (FXR1) gene has been GWAS associated with SCZ. FXR1 protein is regulated by glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β), which has been implicated in pathophysiology of SCZ and response to antipsychotics (APs). rs496250 and rs12630592, two eQTLs (Expression Quantitative Trait Loci) of FXR1 and GSK3β, respectively, interact on emotion stability and amygdala/prefrontal cortex activity during emotion processing. These two phenotypes are associated with Negative Symptoms (NSs) of SCZ suggesting that the interaction between these SNPs may also affect NS severity and responsiveness to medication.

Methods

To test this hypothesis, in two independent samples of patients with SCZ, we investigated rs496250 by rs12630592 interaction on NS severity and response to APs. We also tested a putative link between APs administration and FXR1 expression, as already reported for GSK3β expression.

Results

We found that rs496250 and rs12630592 interact on NS severity. We also found evidence suggesting interaction of these polymorphisms also on response to APs. This interaction was not present when looking at positive and general psychopathology scores. Furthermore, chronic olanzapine administration led to a reduction of FXR1 expression in mouse frontal cortex.

Discussion

Our findings suggest that, like GSK3β, FXR1 is affected by APs while shedding new light on the role of the FXR1/GSK3β pathway for NSs of SCZ.
Higher Dispositional Optimism Predicts Better Health-Related Quality of Life After Esophageal Cancer Surgery: A Nationwide Population-Based Longitudinal Study
Authors: Liu Yangjun , Pettersson Erik , Schandl Anna , Markar Sheraz , Johar Asif , Lagergren Pernilla
Published: April 2021

Purpose

To assess whether higher dispositional optimism could predict better health-related quality of life (HRQL) after esophageal cancer surgery.

Methods

This Swedish nationwide longitudinal study included 192 patients who underwent esophagectomy for cancer. The exposure was dispositional optimism measured by the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) at 1 year post-surgery. Patients were categorized into four subgroups (very low, moderately low, moderately high, and very high dispositional optimism) based on the quartile of the LOT-R sum score. The outcome was HRQL assessed by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (QLQ-C30) and Quality of Life Questionnaire-Esophago-Gastric module 25 (QLQ-OG25) at 1, 1.5, and 2 years post-surgery. Linear mixed-effects models, adjusted for potential confounders, were used to examine the mean score difference (MSD) with 95% confidence interval of HRQL among the four patient subgroups.

Results

Patients with very high dispositional optimism reported clinically relevantly better global quality of life, emotional function, and social function (MSD range 10–16) and less severe symptoms in pain, dyspnea, diarrhea, eating difficulty, anxiety, dry mouth, trouble with taste, worry about weight loss, and self-doubt about body image (MSD range − 9 to − 22) than patients with lower dispositional optimism. Patients with moderately high dispositional optimism reported clinically and statistically significantly better global quality of life (MSD 10) and less severe diarrhea (MSD − 9) than patients with lower dispositional optimism. Adjusted MSDs were constant over the three time points in all aspects except for eating difficulty.

Conclusions

Measuring dispositional optimism could help identify patients at higher risk of poor HRQL recovery after esophageal cancer surgery.
Healthcare workers during the Covid-19 pandemic: an emergency situation
Authors: Galanis Petros
Published: April 2021

No abstract available
Introducing the Greek adaptation of acute stress disorder scale’ (ASDS). High reliabil-ity and validity in an epidemiological sample
Authors: Pilafas Georgios , Strongylaki Nefeli Paraskevi , Menti Despina , Lyrakos Georgios
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground: Acute stress disorder is a common and profound psychological condition. It concerns the physiological activation of the neuroendocrinological bodily response against any stressors within minutes of exposure to the stimuli, and under some particular criteria until the end of the first month.Aim: The present study is conducted with the view of providing a new, culturally adapted, self-reported measure of acute stress in the Greek population. Material & Methods: A variety of methods and analysis were employed and performed accordingly, in order to translate the original English questionnaire and to test the new Greek version for its reliability and validity in a Greek sample (N= 1,158).Results: The most important findings conclude a high validity of the Greek version (α= .925) and a strong correlation with resilience and psychosomatic symptoms. Conclusion: It is highly recommended for future studies concerning the Greek population to adapt and test-retest the questionnaire, as well as for practitioners to use the Greek version of ASDS in clinical and private practice.
Newcastle disease vaccine virus I-2 fails to acquire virulence during repeated passage in vivo
Authors: Bisschop Shahn P.R. , Peters Andrew , Domingue Gil , Pearce Michael C. , Verwey Jeanette , Poolman Petrus
Published: April 2021

Background This study determined whether the naturally attenuated, thermotolerant Newcastle disease vaccine virus I-2 could acquire virulence after five in vivo passages through SPF chickens.

Methods Study design was to international requirements including European Pharmacopoeia, Ph. Eur., v9.0 04/2013:0450, 2013. I-2 Working Seed (WS) was compared with five-times-passaged I-2 WS (5XP WS) in intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI), Fo cleavage site sequencing and Safety tests.

Results The first passage series used a 50% brain: 50% tracheal tissue challenge homogenate and was unsuccessful as I-2 was not detected after the fourth passage. A second passage series used 10% brain: 90% tracheal tissue homogenates. I-2 was isolated from tracheal tissue in each passage. However harvested titres were below the minimum challenge level (107 EID50) specified for the ICPI and Safety tests, possibly reflecting I-2’s inherently low pathogenicity (interestingly caecal tonsils yielded significant titres). Given this the WS and 5XP WS comparisons proceeded. ICPI values were 0.104 and 0.073 for the WS group and the 5XP WS group respectively confirming that I-2, whether passaged or not, expressed low pathogenicity. F0 amino-acid sequences for both WS and 5XP WS were identified as 112R-K-Q-G-R-↓-L-I-G119 and so compatible with those of avirulent ND viruses. In safety, no abnormal clinical signs were observed in both groups except for two chicks in the 5XP WS group, where one bird was withdrawn due to a vent prolapse, and another bird died with inconclusive necropsy results.

Conclusions: These data, the issue of low passage titres with little or no virus isolation from brain tissues and the genomic copy approach suggest a need to amend Ph. Eur. v9.0 04/2013:0450, 2013 for naturally attenuated, low pathogenicity vaccine viruses such as I-2. These results add to the literature and field data demonstrating that Newcastle Disease vaccine virus I-2 is safe for use.
The challenges and considerations for emerging or future entrepreneurial researchers in microphysiological systems
Authors: Taute Francois , Homs-Corbera Antoni , Gaudriault Pierre
Published: April 2021

Microphysiological systems describe the use of divergent technologies to recapitulate complex physiology in vitro convergently in a cruelty and animal free manner. The technologies aim towards enabling researchers from academia and industry to conduct more ethical and cost-effective research and development, preclinical and translational, and to advance related fields such as precision medicine. However, projected markets appear relatively small compared to related markets, where regulatory implementation and reluctant end-user adoption creates uncertainty for the emerging technologies with associated technological maturity. Regardless of this, companies surpassed and expanded successfully beyond the predicted five-year survival rate through strategic technology- and business development through collaboration and partnerships. A hallmark of the companies is a core competency or unique intellectual property coupled with securing early investment and interest from industry role-players, using divergent strategies to create a burden-of-proof to encourage early adopter participation for technologies showing fit-for-purpose application. In this paper we aim to provide insights for the researcher who wants to become involved in the microphysiological field as an entrepreneur, requiring a generalized information landscape with keywords and concepts to expand their knowledge base. An overview is provided for the technological considerations for laboratory-to-market product development, the current state of regulatory affairs and projected markets to provide a framework of reference to evaluate the randomly selected case study companies. Public information is used to provide company information regarding historical origin, funding, and technological strategies which secured funding as well as encouraged early adopter technology interests. Additional activities by the companies showcase that there is no single formulation for commercial survival five-years post-incorporation but a pattern, dictated by technology origin, to follow which for convergent or divergent opportunities in technology development and business strategies.
Types and Classification of "Technical Knowledge" As a First Stage of Structuring Educational Information of Electric Power Disciplines
Authors: Rogulina M.
Published: April 2021

The article presents classification features different types of technical knowledge of the technical object and technological process. Selected elements of the three structures for technical facility and the technological process, which are the basis to facilitate actions by the technical description of the object or of the technological process of the respective group.
Modern Approaches in the Fight Against Obesity
Authors: Dubrovinskaya E. , Karpinskaya N. , Karpinskiy A.
Published: April 2021

In recent years, more and more people are obese, which often leads to the risk of developing arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis, as well as diabetes mellitus, and as a result of heart attack and stroke. The negative effects of obesity on the body are extremely diverse. Obesity is currently a global problem and requires the development of various approaches to combat it and promote a healthy lifestyle. Weight loss lowers the risk of developing comorbidities in obesity, so proper physical activity and diet therapy are important components for improving the quality of life and preventing overweight.
Features of the Organization and Provision of Emergency Psychological Assistance in Various Emergency Situations on the Territory of the Russian Federation
Authors: Shoygu Yuliya , Timofeeva L. , Tolubaeva N.
Published: April 2021

Emergency situations, due to the suddenness of occurrence and catastrophic consequences, have an extremely high degree of danger to the mental health of people. The authors are of the opinion that effectively implemented measures to provide emergency psychological assistance to victims in emergency situations in an acute period contribute to the preservation of human mental health and are an important component of the ability to return to normal life after experiencing tragic events.

This article analyzes the experience of the specialists of the psychological service of the Russian Emergencies Ministry in eliminating the consequences of six large-scale emergencies that occurred in the period from 2009 to 2019 in the territory of the Russian Federation. Based on the examples of liquidation of the consequences of specific large-scale emergencies, the basic principles of organizing the activities of the psychological service of the Ministry of Emergencies of Russia are considered, the directions of work and tasks faced by specialists when working in emergency situations, as well as the technologies of organizing work to provide emergency psychological assistance to victims, used by specialists of the psychological service of the Ministry of Emergencies Russia. General approaches to the provision of emergency psychological assistance to victims and relatives of those killed and injured are outlined, two groups of objective parameters that have a direct impact on the organization of the work of specialists and how the specifics of the situation and the region can affect the planning and implementation of measures to provide emergency psychological assistance are described. The authors describe the groups of objective characteristics inherent in a particular emergency situation and determine the importance of taking them into account when planning, organizing and implementing emergency psychological assistance measures.
Salud y duelo en el proceso migratorio.
Authors: Niño Fuentes Marta
Published: April 2021

El proceso migratorio conlleva una serie de factores de riesgo que derivan en la reproducción de problemas de salud y que están en íntima relación con el duelo migratorio. Desde el ámbito de la Educación Social es importante incidir en este tipo de carencias y adaptar actuaciones transversales que se correspondan con verdaderas iniciativas de Educación Emocional, dándole el reconocimiento a la profesión y dejando de lado el intrusismo laboral que en ocasiones queda relevado a figuras profesionales como son: médicos/as y psicólogos/as. Esto se convierte en un reto que debe ser trabajado por y para el bienestar emocional y social de la persona que ingresa en cualquier tipo institución. Con esta investigación se pretende evidenciar las carencias dentro del ámbito de intervención social con personas inmigrantes, así como observar el verdadero impacto que tiene el proceso migratorio en estas personas, capaz de desarrollar verdaderos problemas de salud mental. El colectivo seleccionado se corresponde con personas refugiadas dentro de la Primera Fase de Acogida de la Comisión Española de Ayuda al Refugiado (Sevilla). La muestra queda acotada en un total de 10 personas, 5 profesionales que trabajan en la institución anteriormente mencionada y 5 usuarios/as de ésta. La metodología se compone de entrevistas semiestructuradas, observaciones participantes durante el período de prácticas universitarias y del desarrollo de un análisis documental acorde con el problema de investigación. La recogida de toda la información pertinente para nuestra investigación, nos hace conscientes de que, dentro de la Primera Fase de la Comisión Española de Ayuda al Refugiado, existen carencias a la hora de trabajar con la Salud y el Duelo en el Proceso Migratorio.
Authenticity as a Test of Identity
Authors: Karwat Mirosław
Published: April 2021

The identity of subjects participating in social processes or the daily functioning of social structures is a result of many factors – such as their representativeness and social typicality, the social programming of their personalities and activities, but also their personal experiences and individual characteristics. Formal expressions and testimonies of identity associated with the sense of belonging to a group, ideological belonging, are unreliable. An objectified and effective test of the real identity of an individual as a member of society, citizen, employee, follower of certain views, is the model of authenticity in participation. The components of this model include the criteria of authenticity of existence, authenticity of bonds and social structures, authenticity of the status of participants, authenticity of their needs, authenticity of attitudes, actions and works. Authenticity in this meaning is not the same as simply being authentic, or factual, genuine, original or consistent in reference to the original, or as a testimony’s conformity with the facts. It is a combination of such traits as autonomy, autotelic quality, consistency, functionality of the relationship between the whole and its elements, while, in relation to human consciousness and activity – sincerity, spontaneity, adequacy in relation to one’s own needs and nature.
Class Resentment and Leadership: Manipulation of Negative Emotions in Political Leadership Practices
Authors: Pierzchalski Filip
Published: April 2021

The aim of this paper is to discuss the emotional plane in the context of the formation of leadership asymmetry, especially the instrumental use of grudge and resentment by a leader in the process of political leadership. The starting point to explaining the instrumentalisation of the affective sphere in politics, interpreted as a source of political leadership, will be the critical argumentation in relation to the assumptions of the theory of rational choice about the stability and predictability of political process. This article attempts a critical look at the rationality of leadership practices in politics, where it is emphasized that the individual and collective structures – including collective identities – of beliefs on which the leadership process is formed, consolidated and based, are not permanent, but increasingly dependent on irrational manipulative strategies. Hence, this paper will analyse the mechanism of creating or reactivating negative emotions by the leader in a given cultural and structural environment as the reasons for the emergence and legitimacy of supra-individual resentment or the functioning of class resentment, which translates into the escalation of hostility in a stratified society, as well as into followers’ receptivity; more broadly – into the form and shape of effective political leadership.
The implementation evaluation of school-industry cooperation to strengthen the vocational school students’ competence
Authors: Husnaini Azizah Nurul , Santosa Budi , Kuat Tri
Published: April 2021

This research aims to conduct an evaluation of the implementation of school-industry cooperation in form of internship program. The evaluation focused on the aspects of (1) context in terms of the purpose of the agreement, (2) input in terms of readiness of cooperation, (3) process in terms of the quality of implementing cooperation, and (4) product in terms of benefits gained from school partner industry cooperation to strengthen the vocational students’ competencies. This research is an evaluation research viewed from the Context, Input, Process, and Product (CIPP) components. The research data were obtained from a questionnaire given to students, supervisors, internship working group teams, and school industry partners of the Electric Power Installation Engineering Department of SMK Negeri 1 Windusari. The results are, (1) the context variable got a positive result, (2) the input variable got a negative result, (3) the process variable got a negative result, and (4) the product variable got a negative result. Therefore, the CIPP evaluation found positive, negative, negative, negative (+ - - -) which made the CIPP variable is included in quadrant III of the Glickman quadrant. Thus, we found that implementation of school-industry cooperation to strengthen the students’ competence was less effective. The school could use these findings to improve the performance of the cooperation implementation.
Actuating Force Required for Operating Various Controls of a Walk-Behind Type Paddy Transplanter Leading to Development of a Remotely Operated System
Authors: Lohan Shiv Kumar , Narang Mahesh Kumar , Singh Manjeet , Khadatkar Abhijit , Karkee Manoj
Published: April 2021

Highlights

The actuating force, torque, and application rate needed to operate the control levers of a walk-behind type paddy transplanter were determined.

The results will be beneficial for the development of a remote-control or autonomous system for the transplanter.

Such a system will reduce operator fatigue, resulting in increased work efficiency and safety.

Abstract. An enormous amount of human fatigue is involved in operating the walk-behind type paddy transplanters widely used in South Asian countries, especially India. To operate a transplanter remotely, accurate estimation of the actuating force needed to operate the control levers (push/pull type), the stroke length of the levers, and the frequency of use of the levers is required so that the mechanical levers can be replaced with appropriate electronic sensors, control units, and actuators. In this study, the actuating forces and required torques of the control levers of a walk-behind type paddy transplanter (Kubota NSP-4W, model MZ175-B-1) were measured using three load-measuring instruments. The results revealed that about 24.1 N of force was required to control the accelerator lever, while the left and right steering levers required an actuating force of 24.0 N each. To start the transplanting mechanism, a much higher actuating force (78.1 N) and torque (15.47 N-m) were required 54 times per hour for the planting clutch lever; however, to stop the mechanism, a comparatively smaller force (28.3 N) and torque (5.71 N-m) were required 54 times per hour. Movement of the transplanter was controlled with the shift clutch lever, which required 14.30 N of force and 2.72 N-m torque for forward movement of the transplanter in field conditions, while 12.7 N of force and 2.88 N-m torque were required for forward movement of the transplanter on paved roads. These findings will be beneficial for selecting the force and stroke length of actuators for the development of a remote-control or autonomous system for walk-behind type paddy transplanters and similar machines, which is expected to substantially reduce the operator workload and enhance both workability and safety. Keywords: Actuating force, Hand control levers, Remotely controlled paddy transplanter.
Processo de influência na decisão de compra de tênis esportivos por corredores frequentes
Authors: Silveira Rafael Queiroz , Teixeira Aridelmo J. C. , Nossa Silvania Neris
Published: April 2021

O objetivo deste estudo é examinar se a decisão de compra por consumidores brasileiros e norte-americanos sofre influência de corredores maratonistas ou de grupo de corrida de forma similar. Para investigar o impacto da figura do endorser de marca ou de grupo de referência na escolha do material esportivo, foram desenvolvidos dois experimentos na plataforma Qualtrics, comparando a decisão de compra de brasileiros e norte-americanos, para verificar se eles são influenciados por dois grupos de referência (maratonistasversus grupo de corrida). O resultado apurado mostrou que os consumidores brasileiros se comportam de maneira diferente dos consumidores norte- americanos quando expostos ao mesmo experimento. Os resultados encontrados podem ajudar as empresas a entenderem melhor o consumidor e, assim, a adotarem diferentes estratégias para atingi-lo de forma mais assertiva.
Análise de relacionamentos interorganizacionais: um estudo a luz da Teoria dos Custos de Transação
Authors: Ferreira Aline , Gomes Sérgio
Published: April 2021

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar os atributos presentes nas transações entre hotéis e fornecedores de alimentos à luz da Teoria dos Custos de Transação. Trata-se de um estudo de caso múltiplos, de natureza descritiva, com abordagem multimétodos. Dados foram coletados por meio de questionário e entrevistas junto a gestores dos hotéis investigados. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva enquanto que os dados qualitativos foram analisados por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os principais resultados demonstraram a existência de baixo custo de transação ex-ante e ex-post entre hotéis e fornecedores de alimentos; a predominância de contratos formais e por temporada; que o mercado é o sistema de governança dos contratos; e, ainda, que os produtos alimentícios comprados pelos hotéis apresentam especificidades locacional e temporal.
Single-point material recognition by quantum parametric mode sorting and photon counting
Authors: Tafone Daniel , Huang Irwin , Rehain Patrick , Zhu Shenyu , Sua Yong Meng , Huang Yuping
Published: April 2021

We explore an active illumination approach to remote material recognition, based on quantum parametric mode sorting and single-photon detection. By measuring a photon’s time of flight at picosecond resolution, 97.8% recognition is demonstrated by illuminating only a single point on the materials. Thanks to the exceptional detection sensitivity and noise rejection, a high recognition accuracy of 96.1% is achieved even when the materials are occluded by a lossy and multiscattering obscurant.
Influence of the spatial extent of the space-charge region in c-Si on the electric-field-induced second-harmonic-generation effect
Authors: Vandalon V. , Kessels W. M. M.
Published: April 2021

Second-harmonic-generation (SHG) spectroscopy can be used as an all-optical probe of space-charge regions (SCR) in semiconductors such as

c
-

S
i

by exploiting the electric-field-induced second-harmonic-generation (EFISH) effect. To do so accurately, a thorough understanding of the EFISH effect is needed, and here a detailed model is presented, taking into account the so-far neglected spatial extent of the SCR on the spectral shape of the EFISH contribution. This shows that the spatial extent causes a significant phase shift in the EFISH contribution ranging from

0.1
π

r
a
d

to

0.4
π

r
a
d

with decreasing SCR strength. This predicted phase shift was verified by dedicated measurements of the spectral SHG phase and intensity of a series of samples covering the typical range of SCR strengths. The spectral SHG response of these samples indeed showed the predicted phase shift in the EFISH contribution and demonstrated that the extent of the SCR cannot be neglected. The obtained insights can result in improved accuracy in the determination of built-in charges near a

c
-

S
i

interface, which is of interest in the context of semiconductor devices using SHG spectroscopy. Moreover, this refined understanding of the EFISH effect is beneficial in SHG experiments on 2D materials with

c
-

S
i

serving as a substrate of Si-based photonic devices.
Anisotropic optical properties in a square quantum well wire under different polarizations of intense laser fields
Authors: Lao Junming , Guo Kangxian , Li Keyin
Published: April 2021

In this paper, the polarization angle of intense laser field and incident light effects on the intersubband optical absorption and refractive index change in the square quantum well wire are investigated theoretically by Kramers–Henneberger approximation. It is found that the polarization angle of the intense laser field can influence the energy gap and exchange electronic configuration by breaking symmetry. Hence, the incident light polarization angle should be considered. The variation of optical absorption and refractive index change are given with different polarization-intense laser fields and probe light, which provides the possibility of designing various polarization-sensitive devices.
Evidence of the retardation effect on the plasmonic resonances of aluminum nanodisks in the symmetric/asymmetric environment
Authors: Zhang Feifei , Martin Jérôme , Murai Shunsuke , Adam Pierre-Michel , Plain Jérôme , Tanaka Katsuhisa
Published: April 2021

A single metallic nanodisk is the simplest plasmonic nanostructure, but it is robust enough to generate a Fano resonance in the forward and backward scattering spectra by the increment of nanodisk height in the symmetric and asymmetric dielectric environment. Thanks to the phase retardation effect, the non-uniform distribution of electric field along the height of aluminum (Al) nanodisk generates the out-of-plane higher-order modes, which interfere with the dipolar mode and subsequently result in the Fano-lineshape scattering spectra. Meanwhile, the symmetry-breaking effect by the dielectric substrate and the increment of refractive index of the symmetric dielectric environment further accelerate the phase retardation effect and contribute to the appearance of out-of-plane modes. The experimental results on the periodic Al nanodisk arrays with different heights confirm the retardation-induced higher modes in the asymmetric and symmetric environment. The appearance of higher modes and blueshifted main dips in the transmission spectra prove the dominant role of out-of-plane higher modes on the plasmonic resonances of the taller Al nanodisk.
Electrically pumped shot-noise limited class A VECSEL at telecom wavelength
Authors: Kerchaoui Anwar , Mereuta Alexandru , Caliman Andrei , Paranthoen Cyril , Levallois Christophe , Batté Thomas , Hamel Cyril , Bouhier Steve , Le Corre Alain , Kapon Eli , Alouini Mehdi
Published: April 2021

Class A shot-noise limited operation is achieved in an electrically pumped vertical external cavity surface emitting laser (VECSEL), opening the way for integration of such peculiar noiseless laser oscillation in applications where low power consumption and footprint are mandatory. The quantum well active medium is grown on an InP substrate to enable laser oscillation at telecom wavelengths. Single frequency class A operation is obtained by proper optimization of the cavity dimensions, ensuring at the same time a sufficiently long and high-finesse cavity without any intracavity filtering components. The laser design constraints due to electrical pumping are discussed as compared to optical pumping. The intensity noise spectrum of this laser is shown to be shot-noise limited, leading to a relative intensity noise of

−
160

d
B

/

H
z

for 3.1 mA detected photocurrent.
Diffuse optical localization imaging for noninvasive deep brain microangiography in the NIR-II window
Authors: Zhou Quanyu , Chen Zhenyue , Robin Justine , Deán-Ben Xosé-Luís , Razansky Daniel
Published: April 2021

Fluorescence microscopy is a powerful enabling tool for biological discovery, albeit its effective penetration depth and resolving capacity are limited due to intense light scattering in living tissues. The recently introduced short-wave infrared cameras and contrast agents featuring fluorescence emission in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window have extended the achievable penetration to about 2 mm. However, the effective spatial resolution progressively deteriorates with depth due to photon diffusion. Here we introduce diffuse optical localization imaging (DOLI) to enable super-resolution deep-tissue fluorescence microscopy beyond the limits imposed by light diffusion. The method is based on localization of flowing microdroplets encapsulating lead sulfide (PbS)-based quantum dots in a sequence of epi-fluorescence images acquired in the NIR-II spectral window. Experiments performed in tissue mimicking phantoms indicate that high-resolution detection of fluorescent particles can be preserved over 4 mm depth range, while in vivo microangiography of murine cerebral vasculature can be accomplished through intact scalp and skull. The method further enables retrieving depth information from planar fluorescence image recordings by exploiting the localized spot size. DOLI operates in a resolution-depth regime previously inaccessible with optical methods, thus massively enhancing the applicability of fluorescence-based imaging techniques.
Toward simple, generalizable neural networks with universal training for low-SWaP hybrid vision
Authors: Muminov Baurzhan , Perry Altai , Hyder Rakib , Asif M. Salman , Vuong Luat T.
Published: April 2021

Speed, generalizability, and robustness are fundamental issues for building lightweight computational cameras. Here we demonstrate generalizable image reconstruction with the simplest of hybrid machine vision systems: linear optical preprocessors combined with no-hidden-layer, “small-brain” neural networks. Surprisingly, such simple neural networks are capable of learning the image reconstruction from a range of coded diffraction patterns using two masks. We investigate the possibility of generalized or “universal training” with these small brains. Neural networks trained with sinusoidal or random patterns uniformly distribute errors around a reconstructed image, whereas models trained with a combination of sharp and curved shapes (the phase pattern of optical vortices) reconstruct edges more boldly. We illustrate variable convergence of these simple neural networks and relate learnability of an image to its singular value decomposition entropy of the image. We also provide heuristic experimental results. With thresholding, we achieve robust reconstruction of various disjoint datasets. Our work is favorable for future real-time low size, weight, and power hybrid vision: we reconstruct images on a 15 W laptop CPU with 15,000 frames per second: faster by a factor of 3 than previously reported results and 3 orders of magnitude faster than convolutional neural networks.