bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
POMCPs with Novel Two Water‐Assisted Proton Channels Accommodated by MXenes for Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Guangning , Guo Siyu , Wu Yang , Wu Jiaqi , Zhang Feng , Li Lu , Zhang Mingyi , Yao Chengbao , Gómez‐García Carlos J. , Wang Tianyang , Zhang Yajing , Chen Tingting , Ma Huiyuan
Published: June 2022

To develop high‐performance supercapacitors, the negative electrode is at present viewed as one of the most challenging tasks for obtaining the next‐generation of energy storage devices. Therefore, in this study, a polyoxometalate‐based coordination polymer [Zn(itmb)3H2O][H2SiW12O40]·5H2O (1) is designed and prepared by a simple hydrothermal method for constructing a high‐capacity negative electrode. Polymer 1 has two water‐assisted proton channels, which are conducive to enhancing the electrical conductivity and storage capacity. Then, MXene Ti3C2Tx is chosen to accommodate coordination polymer 1 as the interlayer spacers to improve the conductivity and cycling stability of 1, while preventing the restacking of MXene. Expectedly, the produced composite electrode 1@Ti3C2Tx shows an excellent specific capacitance (1480.1 F g−1 at 5 A g−1) and high rate performance (a capacity retention of 71.5% from 5 to 20 A g−1). Consequently, an asymmetric supercapacitor device is fabricated using 1@Ti3C2Tx as the negative electrode and celtuce leaves‐derived carbon paper as the positive electrode, which demonstrates ultrahigh energy density of 32.2 Wh kg−1, and power density 2397.5 W kg−1, respectively. In addition, the ability to illuminate a red light‐emitting diode for several minutes validates its feasibility for practical application.
A Proposal of Fuzzy Rule Partition and Its Application to Controller Design Based on Affine T‐S Fuzzy Model
Authors: Mou Shangyang , Han Hugang
Published: June 2022

When designing a controller based on a fuzzy model composed of fuzzy rules, in most cases controllers are designed only based on the consequent parts of the fuzzy rules, equally meaning the information of the antecedent parts is merely ignored. This paper first partitions all of the rules into two groups based on the information of the antecedent parts, in which one contains certain rules around the origin, and the other is a group of rules away from the origin. While being able to make the former arbitrarily small, each rule of the latter leads to a favorable quadratic inequality, which will be useful in controller design by the help of the S‐procedure. On the other hand, while the affine T‐S fuzzy model is much more effective for describing the dynamics of the system concerned in comparison with the regular T‐S fuzzy model, it encounters some difficulties when designing a controller based on the model because of the affine terms within. This paper makes clear that the difficulties can be overcame by using the quadratic inequalities based on the fuzzy rule partition. In addition, the effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated by applying it to the CSTR for an exothermic irreversible reaction. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Forensic Intelligence and Traceology in Digitalised Environments: The Detection and Analysis of Crime Patterns to Inform Practice
Authors: Ribaux Olivier , Baechler Simon , Rossy Quentin
Published: June 2022

Different data processing methods can support the detection and analysis of various forms of crime patterns. The authors document the influence and role of forensic science and how this has been transformed by digitalization. Forensic intelligence is key and they illustrate their argument of its potential by discussing two new forensic intelligence systems and their underlying digital infrastructure, one facilitating the forensic comparison of fraudulent ID documents (ProFID) and the other the monitoring of online frauds (PICSEL).
Police and Criminal Justice
Authors: Ceccato Vania , Abraham Jonatan
Published: June 2022

This chapter starts with an international overview of the role of the police, with particular focus on the historical development of the rural police as an institution. We report on the experience of rural police as “enforcers of the law” and through policing as the “softer approach to upholding public order”.
Crime Prevention and Safety Interventions
Authors: Ceccato Vania , Abraham Jonatan
Published: June 2022

This chapter reviews some of the current international criminology literature on crime prevention in rural areas. Special attention is placed on the role of community in dealing with crime and safety problems in rural contexts through a range of initiatives. This chapter closes with examples from rural contexts and concluding remarks.
Work on Command: The Case for Generality
Authors: Swan Jerry , Nivel Eric , Kant Neel , Hedges Jules , Atkinson Timothy , Steunebrink Bas
Published: June 2022

Let us recall that, from a pragmatic perspective, AI is nothing more or less than a tool for implementing a new leap in automation. This pragmatic perspective on AI is the one that matters in the current world economy, and therefore will necessarily receive primacy for development.
Philosophy
Authors: Swan Jerry , Nivel Eric , Kant Neel , Hedges Jules , Atkinson Timothy , Steunebrink Bas
Published: June 2022

In many respects, machine learning’s current concerns are reminiscent of those which heralded the rejection of GOFAI.
Entanglement entropy and vacuum states in Schwarzschild geometry
Authors: Matsuo Yoshinori
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Recently, it was proposed that there must be either large violation of the additivity conjecture or a set of disentangled states of the black hole in the AdS/CFT correspondence. In this paper, we study the additivity conjecture for quantum states of fields around the Schwarzschild black hole. In the eternal Schwarzschild spacetime, the entanglement entropy of the Hawking radiation is calculated assuming that the vacuum state is the Hartle-Hawking vacuum. In the additivity conjecture, we need to consider the state which gives minimal output entropy of a quantum channel. The Hartle-Hawking vacuum state does not give the minimal output entropy which is consistent with the additivity conjecture. We study the entanglement entropy in other static vacua and show that it is consistent with the additivity conjecture.
FACET: a new long-lived particle detector in the very forward region of the CMS experiment
Authors: Cerci S. , Sunar Cerci D. , Lazic D. , Landsberg G. , Cerutti F. , Sabaté-Gilarte M. , Albrow M. G. , Berryhill J. , Green D. R. , Hirschauer J. , Kulkarni S. , Brücken J. E. , Emediato L. , Mestvirishvili A. , Nachtman J. , Onel Y. , Penzo A. , Aydilek O. , Hacisahinoglu B. , Ozkorucuklu S. , Sert H. , Simsek C. , Zorbilmez C. , Hos I. , Hadley N. , Skuja A. , Du M. , Fang R. , Liu Z. , Isildak B. , Tran V. Q.
Published: June 2022

Abstract

We describe a proposal to add a set of very forward detectors to the CMS experiment for the high-luminosity era of the Large Hadron Collider to search for beyond the standard model long-lived particles, such as dark photons, heavy neutral leptons, axion-like particles, and dark Higgs bosons. The proposed subsystem is called FACET for Forward-Aperture CMS ExTension, and will be sensitive to any particles that can penetrate at least 50 m of magnetized iron and decay in an 18 m long, 1 m diameter vacuum pipe. The decay products will be measured in detectors using identical technology to the planned CMS Phase-2 upgrade.
Complex structures, T-duality and worldsheet instantons in Born sigma models
Authors: Kimura Tetsuji , Sasaki Shin , Shiozawa Kenta
Published: June 2022

Abstract

We investigate doubled (generalized) complex structures in 2D-dimensional Born geometries where T-duality symmetry is manifestly realized. We show that Kähler, hyperkähler, bi-hermitian and bi-hypercomplex structures of spacetime are implemented in Born geometries as doubled structures. We find that the Born structures and the generalized Kähler (hyperkähler) structures appear as subalgebras of bi-quaternions and split-tetra-quaternions. We find parts of these structures are classified by Clifford algebras. We then study the T-duality nature of the worldsheet instantons in Born sigma models. We show that the instantons in Kähler geometries are related to those in bi-hermitian geometries in a non-trivial way.
miRNA-486-5p: signaling targets and role in non-malignant disease
Authors: Douvris Adrianna , Viñas Jose , Burns Kevin D.
Published: June 2022

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs, highly conserved between species, that are powerful regulators of gene expression. Aberrant expression of miRNAs alters biological processes and pathways linked to human disease. miR-486-5p is a muscle-enriched miRNA localized to the cytoplasm and nucleus, and is highly abundant in human plasma and enriched in small extracellular vesicles. Studies of malignant and non-malignant diseases, including kidney diseases, have found correlations with circulating miR-486-5p levels, supporting its role as a potential biomarker. Pre-clinical studies of non-malignant diseases have identified miR-486-5p targets that regulate major signaling pathways involved in cellular proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. Validated miR-486-5p targets include phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and FoXO1, whose suppression activates phosphatidyl inositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling. Targeting of Smad1/2/4 and IGF-1 by miR-486-5p inhibits transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling, respectively. Other miR-486-5p targets include matrix metalloproteinase-19 (MMP-19), Sp5, histone acetyltransferase 1 (HAT1), and nuclear factor of activated T cells-5 (NFAT5). In this review, we examine the biogenesis, regulation, validated gene targets and biological effects of miR-486-5p in non-malignant diseases.
Convergence rates of a dual gradient method for constrained linear ill-posed problems
Authors: Jin Qinian
Published: June 2022

In this paper we consider a dual gradient method for solving linear ill-posed problems $$Ax = y$$

A
x
=
y

, where $$A : X \rightarrow Y$$

A
:
X
→
Y

is a bounded linear operator from a Banach space X to a Hilbert space Y. A strongly convex penalty function is used in the method to select a solution with desired feature. Under variational source conditions on the sought solution, convergence rates are derived when the method is terminated by either an a priori stopping rule or the discrepancy principle. We also consider an acceleration of the method as well as its various applications.
Second-Order Finite Automata
Authors: de Melo Alexsander Andrade , de Oliveira Oliveira Mateus
Published: June 2022

Traditionally, finite automata theory has been used as a framework for the representation of possibly infinite sets of strings. In this work, we introduce the notion of second-order finite automata, a formalism that combines finite automata with ordered decision diagrams, with the aim of representing possibly infinitesets of setsof strings. Our main result states that second-order finite automata can be canonized with respect to the second-order languages they represent. Using this canonization result, we show that sets of sets of strings represented by second-order finite automata are closed under the usual Boolean operations, such as union, intersection, difference and even under a suitable notion of complementation. Additionally, emptiness of intersection and inclusion are decidable. We provide two algorithmic applications for second-order automata. First, we show that several width/size minimization problems for deterministic and nondeterministic ODDs are solvable in fixed-parameter tractable time when parameterized by the width of the input ODD. In particular, our results imply FPT algorithms for corresponding width/size minimization problems for ordered binary decision diagrams (OBDDs) with a fixed variable ordering. Previously, only algorithms that take exponential time in the size of the input OBDD were known for width minimization, even for OBDDs of constant width. Second, we show that for eachkandwone can count the number of distinct functions computable by ODDs of width at mostwand lengthkin timeh(|Σ|,w) ⋅kO(1), for a suitable$h:\mathbb {N}\times \mathbb {N}\rightarrow \mathbb {N}$h:ℕ×ℕ→ℕ. This improves exponentially on the time necessary to explicitly enumerate all such functions, which is exponential in both the width parameterwand in the lengthkof the ODDs.
Hospitalisations related to benzodiazepine, Z-drug, and opioid treatment in Italy: a claim on the risks associated with inappropriate use
Authors: Mattioli Irene , Bettiol Alessandra , Crescioli Giada , Bonaiuti Roberto , Prisco Domenico , Mannaioni Guido , Lombardi Niccolò , Vannacci Alfredo ,   the MEREAFaPS Study group
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Benzodiazepines (BZD), Z-drugs (ZD), and opioids share a high risk of abuse. This study assessed and characterised adverse events (AEs) related to BDZ, ZD, and opioids leading to emergency department (ED) visits in the Italian setting.

Methods

ED accesses related to BDZ, ZD, and/or opioids were analysed from the MEREAFaPS database. Information on AEs, suspected and concomitant medications was retrieved. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the reporting odds ratios (RORs) of hospitalisation according to the different treatments.

Results

A total of 5,970 pharmacovigilance reports involving BZD/ZD (n = 3,106), opioids (n = 2,767), or their combination (n = 97) were analysed. Compared to opioids, patients with BZD/ZD-related AEs were often younger (51 vs 64 years), more frequently presented 2+ suspected medications (13 vs 3%), and often had a history of abuse (4%). Twenty-three percent of BZD/ZD-related AEs were related to drug abuse (vs 2% of opioid-related ones) and frequently required patient hospitalisation (52% vs 24%), despite the significantly lower clinical complexity of these patients as compared to those on opioids. An increased risk of hospitalisation was found for flurazepam (ROR 1.62; 95% CI, 1.18–2.22), prazepam (2.66; 1.05–6.70), lorazepam (1.26; 1.07–1.49), and morphine (1.76; 1.11–2.79).

Conclusions

These results indicate that, in Italy, the inappropriate use of BZD/ZD is a relevant heath issue, often leading to serious AEs requiring patients’ ED visits and hospitalisation, especially in young women and patients with a history of substance abuse.
Treatment during cerebral vasospasm phase—complication association and outcome in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage
Authors: Hostettler Isabel C. , Kreiser Kornelia , Lange Nicole , Schwendinger Nina , Trost Dominik , Frangoulis Samira , Hirle Theresa , Gempt Jens , Wostrack Maria , Meyer Bernhard
Published: June 2022

Background

Aneurysm treatment during cerebral vasospasm (CVS) phase is frequently considered as particularly dangerous, mainly because of the risk of cerebral infarct.

Objective

We aimed to evaluate the risk of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH)-specific complications and functional outcome in patients treated during CVS phase.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed a large, retro- and prospectively collected database of aSAH patients admitted to our department between March 2006 and March 2020. We conducted a uni- and multivariable logistic regression analysis to evaluate influencing factors on rebleeding, cerebral infarct, Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) at discharge and mortality and assessed the rate of angiographic vasospasm on admission.

Results

We included 853 patients. The majority of patients were female (66.6%), mean age was 57.3 years. Out of 853 included patients, 92 (10.8%) were treated during CVS phase, 312 (36.6%) underwent clipping and 541 (63.4%) endovascular treatment. Treatment during CVS phase was significantly associated with cerebral infarct in the multivariable logistic regression analysis, unrelated to the nature of intervention (OR 2.42, 1.29–4.54 95% CI p-value = 0.006). However, patients treated during CVS phase did not have increased risk of unfavourable outcome by GOS on discharge. In addition, they did not have a higher rate of rebleeding or mortality.

Conclusions

Treatment during CVS phase was significantly associated with a higher rate of cerebral infarct as confirmed by imaging. This did not reflect on GOS on discharge, rebleeding, or mortality. Aneurysm treatment during CVS phase is relatively safe and should not be postponed due to the risk of rebleeding and subsequent devastating deterioration.
Two cases of EBV infection preceding lymphoma
Authors: Saal Jonas , Aboudan Busher , Brossart Peter , Heine Annkristin
Published: June 2022

Infection of lymphocytes with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a well-documented risk factor for developing lymphoma. The incidence of EBV positivity in lymphoma depends on the subtype and can range from 10% in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) to 100% in endemic Burkitt lymphoma (BL), (Shannon-Lowe and Rickinson, Front Oncol 9:713, 2019). However, in most cases, EBV infection remains unnoticed until diagnosis of lymphoma is made. EBV seropositivity is present in > 90% of the world’s population. Although mostly asymptomatic, in some cases, EBV can cause clinical symptoms, the most common of which are fever, lymphadenopathy and pharyngitis in infectious mononucleosis. Less common presentations include lymphomatoid granulomatosis and mucocutaneous ulcer. Here we report two cases of patients, who were initially diagnosed with localized EBV infection and reactive B-cell proliferation. After B-cell-directed treatment, both patients developed overt lymphoma, in one case classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma (cHL) and in the other case angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL).
Enteric glia: extent, cohesion, axonal contacts, membrane separations and mitochondria in Auerbach’s ganglia of guinea pigs
Authors: Gabella Giorgio
Published: June 2022

Studied by electron microscopy and morphometry, Auerbach’s ganglia comprise nerve cell bodies that occupy ~ 40% of volume; of the neuropil, little over 30% is neural processes (axons, dendrites) and little less than 30% is glia (cell bodies, processes). The amount of surface membrane of neural elements only marginally exceeds that of glia. Glial cells extend laminar processes radially between axons, reaching the ganglion’s surface with specialized membrane domains. Nerve cells and glia are tightly associated, eliminating any free space in ganglia. Glia expands maximally its cell membrane with a minimum of cytoplasm, contacting a maximal number of axons, which, with their near-circular profile, have minimal surface for a given volume. Shape of glia is moulded by the neural elements (predominantly concave the first, predominantly convex the second); the glia extends its processes to maximize contact with neural elements. Yet, a majority of axons is not reached by glia and only few are wrapped by it. Despite the large number of cells, the glia is not sufficiently developed to wrap around or just contact many of the neural elements. Mitochondria are markedly fewer in glia than in neurons, indicating a lower metabolic rate. Compactness of ganglia, their near-circular profile, absence of spaces between elements and ability to withstand extensive deformation suggest strong adhesion between the cellular elements, holding them together and keeping them at a fixed distance. Many axonal varicosities, with vesicles and membrane densities, abut on non-specialized areas of glia, suggesting the possibility of neurotransmitters being released outside synaptic sites.
Neuro-semantic prediction of user decisions to contribute content to online social networks
Authors: Cleveland Pablo , Rios Sebastian A. , Aguilera Felipe , Graña Manuel
Published: June 2022

Understanding at microscopic level the generation of contents in an online social network (OSN) is highly desirable for an improved management of the OSN and the prevention of undesirable phenomena, such as online harassment. Content generation, i.e., the decision to post a contributed content in the OSN, can be modeled by neurophysiological approaches on the basis of unbiased semantic analysis of the contents already published in the OSN. This paper proposes a neuro-semantic model composed of (1) an extended leaky competing accumulator (ELCA) as the neural architecture implementing the user concurrent decision process to generate content in a conversation thread of a virtual community of practice, and (2) a semantic modeling based on the topic analysis carried out by a latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) of both users and conversation threads. We use the similarity between the user and thread semantic representations to built up the model of the interest of the user in the thread contents as the stimulus to contribute content in the thread. The semantic interest of users in discussion threads are the external inputs for the ELCA, i.e., the external value assigned to each choice.. We demonstrate the approach on a dataset extracted from a real life web forum devoted to fans of tinkering with musical instruments and related devices. The neuro-semantic model achieves high performance predicting the content posting decisions (average F score 0.61) improving greatly over well known machine learning approaches, namely random forest and support vector machines (average F scores 0.19 and 0.21).
Boundary regularity estimates in Hölder spaces with variable exponent
Authors: Vita Stefano
Published: June 2022

We present a general blow-up technique to obtain local regularity estimates for solutions, and their derivatives, of second order elliptic equations in divergence form in Hölder spaces with variable exponent. The procedure allows to extend the estimates up to a portion of the boundary where Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions are prescribed and produces a Schauder theory for partial derivatives of solutions of any order $$k\in {\mathbb {N}}$$

k
∈
N

. The strategy relies on the construction of a class of suitable regularizing problems and an approximation argument. The given data of the problem are taken in Hölder and Lebesgue spaces, both with variable exponent.
Abnormalities of the oculomotor function in type 1 diabetes and diabetic neuropathy
Authors: D’Addio Francesca , Pastore Ida , Loretelli Cristian , Valderrama-Vasquez Alessandro , Usuelli Vera , Assi Emma , Mameli Chiara , Macedoni Maddalena , Maestroni Anna , Rossi Antonio , Lunati Maria Elena , Morpurgo Paola Silvia , Gandolfi Alessandra , Montefusco Laura , Bolla Andrea Mario , Ben Nasr Moufida , Di Maggio Stefania , Melzi Lisa , Staurenghi Giovanni , Secchi Antonio , Bianchi Marzoli Stefania , Zuccotti Gianvincenzo , Fiorina Paolo
Published: June 2022

Aims

Abnormalities in the oculomotor system may represent an early sign of diabetic neuropathy and are currently poorly studied. We designed an eye-tracking-based test to evaluate oculomotor function in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Methods

We used theSRLab—Tobii TX300 Eye tracker®, an eye-tracking device, coupled with software that we developed to test abnormalities in the oculomotor system. The software consists of a series of eye-tracking tasks divided into 4 classes of parameters (Resistance, Wideness, Pursuit and Velocity) to evaluate both smooth and saccadic movement in different directions. We analyzed the oculomotor system in 34 healthy volunteers and in 34 patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes.

Results

Among the 474 parameters analyzed with the eye-tracking-based system, 11% were significantly altered in patients with type 1 diabetes (p < 0.05), with a higher proportion of abnormalities observed in the Wideness (24%) and Resistance (10%) parameters. Patients with type 1 diabetes without diabetic neuropathy showed more frequently anomalous measurements in the Resistance class (p = 0.02). The classes of Velocity and Pursuit were less frequently altered in patients with type 1 diabetes as compared to healthy subjects, with anomalous measurements mainly observed in patients with diabetic neuropathy.

Conclusions

Abnormalities in oculomotor system function can be detected in patients with type 1 diabetes using a novel eye-tracking-based test. A larger cohort study may further determine thresholds of normality and validate whether eye-tracking can be used to non-invasively characterize early signs of diabetic neuropathy.

Trial:NCT04608890.
Quality of life among young people in Norway during the COVID-19 pandemic. A longitudinal study
Authors: Lehmann Stine , Haug Ellen , Bjørknes Ragnhild , Mjeldheim Sandal Gro , T. Fadnes Lars , Skogen Jens Christoffer
Published: June 2022

In this study, we aimed to examine health-related quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic among a general sample of young people in Norway aged 11–19 years. More specifically, we examine: (1) Change over 2 time-points in five health-related quality of life dimensions, (2) Whether sociodemographic- and COVID-19-related factors contributed to change in these five dimensions, (3) Whether parental stress and socioeconomic status at T1 interacted with change in health-related quality of life across T1 and T2. Data collection lasted from April 27th to May 11th, 2020 (T1), and from December 16th, 2020, to January 10th, 2021 (T2). Youth aged 11–19 years (N = 2997) completed the KIDSCREEN-27, COVID-19 related and sociodemographic items. Parents (N = 744) of youth aged 15 years and younger completed the parental stress scale and sociodemographic items. Physical and psychological wellbeing declined significantly from March to December 2020. Subscale scores for social support and peers increased. Controlling for a broad number of sociodemographic and COVID-19-related factors did not make an overall impact on the estimates. Those worried about infection, older aged, girls, and youth born outside Norway had a steeper decline in health-related quality of life subdimensions from T1 to T2. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, we warrant special attention to the recovery of youth's physical and psychological wellbeing.
Fluid Mechanics of Fetal Left Ventricle During Aortic Stenosis with Evolving Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
Authors: Wong Hong Shen , Wiputra Hadi , Tulzer Andreas , Tulzer Gerald , Yap Choon Hwai
Published: June 2022

In cases of fetal aortic stenosis and evolving Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (feHLHS), aortic stenosis is associated with specific abnormalities such as retrograde or bidirectional systolic transverse arch flow. Many cases progressed to hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) malformation at birth, but fetal aortic valvuloplasty can prevent the progression in many cases. Since both disease and intervention involve drastic changes to the biomechanical environment, in-vivo biomechanics likely play a role in inducing and preventing disease progression. However, the fluid mechanics of feHLHS is not well-characterized. Here, we conduct patient-specific echocardiography-based flow simulations of normal and feHLHS left ventricles (LV), to understand the essential fluid dynamics distinction between the two cohorts. We found high variability across feHLHS cases, but also the following unifying features. Firstly, feHLHS diastole mitral inflow was in the form of a narrowed and fast jet that impinged onto the apical region, rather than a wide and gentle inflow in normal LVs. This was likely due to a malformed mitral valve with impaired opening dynamics. This altered inflow caused elevated vorticity dynamics and wall shear stresses (WSS) and reduced oscillatory shear index at the apical zone rather than mid-ventricle. Secondly, feHLHS LV also featured elevated systolic and diastolic energy losses, intraventricular pressure gradients, and vortex formation numbers, suggesting energy inefficiency of flow and additional burden on the LV. Thirdly, feHLHS LV had poor blood turnover, suggesting a hypoxic environment, which could be associated with endocardial fibroelastosis that is often observed in these patients.
A Novel Hybrid Approach for Predicting Western Australia’s Seasonal Rainfall Variability
Authors: Islam Farhana , Imteaz Monzur Alam
Published: June 2022

In this paper, 100 years of uninterrupted rainfall data for 12 rainfall stations (four rainfall stations from each region) in Western Australia were analyzed against respective dominant climate indices, and representative prediction models were developed using ARIMAX, GEP, and a hybrid technique (GEP-ARIMAX). Statistical performance evaluators such as Pearson correlation $$(r)$$

(
r
)

, root mean square error $$(RMSE)$$

(
R
M
S
E
)

, mean absolute error ($$MAE$$

MAE

), and refined Willmot index of agreement ($${d}_{r}$$

d
r

) were used to evaluate the prediction performance of the developed models. These models demonstrated their capability to predict up to four months in advance with Pearson correlation $$(r)$$

(
r
)

values ranging from 0.53 to 0.83, 0.75 to 0.85, and 0.87 to 0.95 for ARIMAX, GEP, and hybrid (GEP-ARIMAX) models respectively. While compared, the hybrid (GEP-ARIMAX) model showed superior prediction performance in both calibration and validation periods with Pearson correlation $$(r)$$

(
r
)

and refined Willmot index of agreement ($${d}_{r}$$

d
r

) values were as high as 0.96 and 0.84 respectively. This paper demonstrated a novel hybrid GEP-ARIMAX model showing significantly good rainfall forecasting capability than conventional linear and non-linear models.
Discriminative Bayesian filtering lends momentum to the stochastic Newton method for minimizing log-convex functions
Authors: Burkhart Michael C.
Published: June 2022

To minimize the average of a set of log-convex functions, the stochastic Newton method iteratively updates its estimate using subsampled versions of the full objective’s gradient and Hessian. We contextualize this optimization problem as sequential Bayesian inference on a latent state-space model with a discriminatively-specified observation process. Applying Bayesian filtering then yields a novel optimization algorithm that considers the entire history of gradients and Hessians when forming an update. We establish matrix-based conditions under which the effect of older observations diminishes over time, in a manner analogous to Polyak’s heavy ball momentum. We illustrate various aspects of our approach with an example and review other relevant innovations for the stochastic Newton method.
Zwischen interaktiver Anstrengung und rechtlichem Schutzgut – Koordinaten eines soziologischen Würdekonzeptes
Authors: Wöhrle Patrick
Published: June 2022

Sowohl die öffentlichen wie die akademischen Auseinandersetzungen um Gehalt und Bedeutung der Menschenwürde werden bis heute von der Philosophie, den Rechtswissenschaften und der Theologie dominiert; Stimmen aus der Soziologie werden hierzu nur vereinzelt vernommen. Der Beitrag verfolgt zunächst das Ziel, unter Rückgriff auf ‚würdesensible‘ klassische Autoren Koordinaten eines genuin soziologischen Würdekonzepts zu entwickeln, das Probleme des menschlichen Ausdrucks und gesellschaftsstrukturelle Faktoren (u. a. städtische Öffentlichkeit, Arbeitsteilung, Rollenvielfalt) in strenger Weise zusammendenkt. Im ersten Kapitel (1) wird daher insbesondere auf Helmuth Plessners Grenzen der Gemeinschaft und Erving Goffmans Interaktionssoziologie Bezug genommen, um in einem eher induktiven, phänomenzentrierten Zugriff überhaupt erst diejenigen Situationen und die zugehörigen gesellschaftlichen Randbedingungen zu identifizieren, in denen das Problem der Würde in einem soziologisch distinkten Sinne akut wird. Das anschließende Kapitel (2) verfolgt mit Georg Simmel, Émile Durkheim und Niklas Luhmann zunächst eine rollentheoretische Präzisierung des Würdekonzeptes, die sich vor allem an der problematischen Annahme Peter L. Bergers abarbeitet, dass die vermeintlich bruchlose Ablösung von traditionellen Ehrvorstellungen durch den Würdekomplex gleichbedeutend wäre mit einer Bedeutungsminderung gesellschaftlicher Rollenerwartungen. Das letzte Kapitel (3) hält den systematischen Ertrag der vorangegangenen Überlegungen fest und widmet sich abschließend der Frage, in welchem Verhältnis dieser Ertrag zu dem normativ emphatischen Verständnis von Menschenwürde steht, wie es dem in Philosophie und Verfassungsrecht nach wie vor dominanten Unverlierbarkeitspostulat zugrunde liegt.
Identifying anthropogenic and natural causes of wildfires by maximum entropy method-based ignition susceptibility distribution models
Authors: Sari Fatih
Published: June 2022

Turkey has a high potential for wildfires along its Mediterranean coast because of its dense forest cover and mild climate. An average of 250 wildfires occurs every year with more than 10,000 hectares destroyed due to natural and human-related causes. The study area is sensitive to fires caused by lightning, stubble burning, discarded cigarette butts, electric arcing from power lines, deliberate fire setting, and traffic accidents. However, 52% of causes could not be identified due to intense wildfires occurring at the same time and insufficient equipment and personnel. Since wildfires destroy forest cover, ecosystems, biodiversity, and habitats, they should be spatially evaluated by separating them according to their causes, considering environmental, climatic, topographic and forest structure variables that trigger wildfires. In this study, wildfires caused by lightning, the burning of agriculture stubble, discarded cigarette butts and power lines were investigated in the provinces of Aydın, Muğla and Antalya, where 22% of Turkey’s wildfires occurred. The MaxEnt method was used to determine the spatial distribution of wildfires to identify risk zones for each cause. Wildfires were used as the species distribution and the probability of their occurrence estimated. Additionally, since the causes of many wildfires are unknown, determining the causes is important for fire prediction and prevention. The highest wildfire occurrence risks were 9.7% for stubble burning, 30.2% for lightning, 4.5% for power lines and 16.9% by discarded cigarette butts. In total, 1,266 of the 1,714 unknown wildfire causes were identified by the analysis of the cause-based risk zones and these were updated by including cause-assigned unknown wildfire locations for verification. As a result, the Area under the ROC Curve (AUC) values were increased for susceptibility maps.
Scenario-based quantification of land-use changes and its impacts on ecosystem services: A case of Bhitarkanika mangrove area, Odisha, India
Authors: Kadaverugu Rakesh , Dhyani Shalini , Purohit Vigna , Dasgupta Rajarshi , Kumar Pankaj , Hashimoto Shizuka , Pujari Paras , Biniwale Rajesh
Published: June 2022

Mangrove habitats play a vital role in balancing the coastal ecosystems by providing an array of provisioning, regulating, cultural, and supporting ecosystem services. Despite several conservation measures taken to protect mangroves, they have been facing economic, socio-environmental, and climatic threats. There is a need to quantify the mangroves' ecosystem services (ES), especially in developing and under-developed nations, to fasten up the mangrove conservation. To address this issue, in the present study, we quantified the ES of the mangroves in Odisha State on the eastern coast of India. And we projected the changes in ES according to the plausible future land-use changes using scenario analysis. The plausible future scenarios (by 2030) have been generated based on the participatory surveys and key informant interviews from the stakeholders in the region. The scenarios encompass socio-economic development, infrastructural development, mangrove conservation, agriculture and aquaculture expansion, and climate change. Coastal blue carbon sequestration, sediment retention and export, and nutrient export were quantified using the InVEST (Integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs) model. Results indicate that disturbances to mangrove forests in Odisha can emit 2.16 Tg C back into the atmosphere by 2030. In an optimistic scenario, mangroves can sequester 1.55 Tg C from the atmosphere. An increase in mangrove and green cover has reduced sediment and nutrient export by a maximum of 24.9% and 7.6%, respectively. The findings will help in evidence-based decision-making about the socio-environmental systems comprising sensitive mangrove ecosystems.
Clinicopathological features of male patients with breast cancer based on a nationwide registry database in Japan
Authors: Shimomura Akihiko , Nagahashi Masayuki , Kumamaru Hiraku , Aogi Kenjiro , Asaga Sota , Hayashi Naoki , Iijima Kotaro , Kadoya Takayuki , Kojima Yasuyuki , Kubo Makoto , Miyashita Minoru , Miyata Hiroaki , Niikura Naoki , Ogo Etsuyo , Tamura Kenji , Tanakura Kenta , Yoshida Masayuki , Yamamoto Yutaka , Imoto Shigeru , Jinno Hiromitsu
Published: June 2022

Background

Male breast cancer (MBC) is rare; however, its incidence is increasing. There have been no large-scale reports on the clinicopathological characteristics of MBC in Japan.

Methods

We investigated patients diagnosed with breast cancer in the Japanese National Clinical Database (NCD) between January 2012 and December 2018.

Results

A total of 594,316 cases of breast cancer, including 3780 MBC (0.6%) and 590,536 female breast cancer (FBC) (99.4%), were evaluated. The median age at MBC and FBC diagnosis was 71 (45–86, 5–95%) and 60 years (39–83) (p < 0.001), respectively. MBC cases had a higher clinical stage than FBC cases: 7.4 vs. 13.3% stage 0, 37.2 vs. 44.3% stage I, 25.6 vs. 23.9% stage IIA, 8.8 vs. 8.4% stage IIB, 1.9 vs. 2.4% stage IIIA, 10.1 vs. 3.3% stage IIIB, and 1.1 vs. 1.3% stage IIIC (p < 0.001). Breast-conserving surgery was more frequent in FBC (14.6 vs. 46.7%, p = 0.02). Axillary lymph node dissection was more frequent in MBC cases (32.9 vs. 25.2%, p < 0.001). Estrogen receptor(ER)-positive disease was observed in 95.6% of MBC and 85.3% of FBC cases (p < 0.001). The HER2-positive disease rates were 9.5% and 15.7%, respectively (p < 0.001). Comorbidities were more frequent in MBC (57.3 vs. 32.8%) (p < 0.001). Chemotherapy was less common in MBC, while endocrine therapy use was similar in ER-positive MBC and FBC. Perioperative radiation therapy was performed in 14.3% and 44.3% of cases.

Conclusion

Japanese MBC had an older age of onset, were more likely to be hormone receptor-positive disease, and received less perioperative chemotherapy than FBC.
The Transcription Factor, α1ACT, Acts Through a MicroRNA Network to Regulate Neurogenesis and Cell Death During Neonatal Cerebellar Development
Authors: Wei Cenfu , Benzow Kellie , Koob Michael D. , Gomez Christopher M. , Du Xiaofei
Published: June 2022

MicroRNAs, a class of small RNA regulators, function throughout neurodevelopment, from neural stem cell neurogenesis to neuronal maturation, synaptic formation, and plasticity. α1ACT, a transcription factor (TF), plays a critical role in neonatal cerebellar development by regulating an ensemble of genes. Of these, ChIP-seq analysis matched near 50% genes directly regulated by α1ACT. Yet, more than half the regulated transcripts lacked direct interaction with α1ACT. To investigate whether α1ACT acts through a microRNA network, we studied α1ACT-associated simultaneous miRNA:mRNA transcriptome profiles, using miRNA-seq paired with RNA-seq. Thirty-one differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) associated with α1ACT-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were profiled in α1ACT-overexpressing PC12 cells and were further validated in neonatal transgenic mouse cerebellum overexpressing α1ACT in a context-dependent manner. Here, we also demonstrated that α1ACT facilitates neurogenesis and development of dendritic synapses and is partially a result of the downregulation of the miR-99 cluster, miR-143, miR-23, miR-146, miR-363, and miR-484. On the other hand, the miR-181, miR-125, and miR-708 clusters were upregulated by α1ACT, which inhibit MAPK signaling and cell death pathways by targeting Ask1, Odc1, Atf4, and Nuf2 for decreased expression. MiR-181a-5p was verified as the most abundant DEM in neonatal cerebellum, which was further induced by α1ACT. Overall, under α1ACT modulation, up-/downregulated miRNA clusters with their paired target genes may form a regulatory network controlling the balance between the neuronal proliferation, differentiation, and cell death in the cerebellum to promote neonatal development. Our findings concerning the α1ACT-related miRNA/mRNA expression profiles in neonatal cerebellum may inform future investigations for cerebellar development.
Reconceptualization of eating addiction and obesity as displacement behavior and a possible treatment
Authors: Pretlow Robert , Glasner Suzette
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Displacement behavior is a biobehavioral mechanism that allows an animal to deal with situations that cannot readily be faced nor avoided, or that are thwarting. It may explain compulsive overeating (eating addiction). Resembling addiction, displacement behavior is irrepressible behavior that is contextually inappropriate, e.g., sleeping or feeding when threatened by a predator, or binge eating in response to a work altercation. It is thought to be due to rechanneling of overflow brain energy to another drive (e.g., feeding drive) when two drives, e.g., fight or flight, equally oppose each other. Moving the opposing drives out of equilibrium, by resolving the person’s underlying problems/stressful situations, theoretically should mitigate the displacement mechanism and addictive overeating.

Methods

We developed a mobile phone intervention targeting addictive overeating, including a displacement mechanism component. A displacement use subgroup (N = 37) ages 14–18 with obesity (mean BMI = 38.1) identified life situations they could neither face nor avoid, or that were thwarting them, and developed action plans to address each situation. Feasibility and acceptability were evaluated.

Results

Participants found the displacement component to be understandable and user-friendly. The majority (26/37–70%) used the core “Dread List” feature to input 90 individual dreaded/problem situations fueling displacement-based overeating, coupled with action plans to address each problem. Dread items related to school accounted for nearly one-half (46%: 41/90) of all dread situations reported by participants.

Conclusion

The displacement mechanism may be a useful basis for treatment of eating addiction and obesity and may provide individuals with hope that they can curb their addiction without relying on willpower to not overeat. A randomized trial evaluating the displacement intervention is planned.

Level of evidence

Level V: Opinions of respected authorities, based on descriptive studies, narrative reviews, clinical experience, or reports of expert committees.

Registration

The study was reported according to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement and was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03500835) April 18, 2018.
The Limit Notion at Three Educational Levels in Three Countries
Authors: Viirman Olov , Vivier Laurent , Monaghan John
Published: June 2022

This paper documents how the limit concept is treated in high school, at a university and in teacher education in England, France and Sweden. To this end we make use of vignettes, data-grounded accounts of the situation at the three levels in the three countries. These are analysed using the Anthropological Theory of the Didactic (ATD). While university praxeologies are relatively similar across the three countries, greater differences manifest themselves in high school and teacher education. For instance, at the high school level, in France a local praxeology on the limits of sequences is taught, which is not the case in England or Sweden. Results from the analysis of limits are extrapolated to comment on implications for the teaching of calculus, and for teacher education, in the three countries. The paper also raises methodological issues in our approach.
Fostering ethical reflection on health data research through co-design: A pilot study
Authors: Sleigh Joanna , Amann Julia
Published: June 2022

Health research ethics training is highly variable, with some researchers receiving little to none, which is why ethical frameworks represent critical tools for ethical deliberation and guiding responsible practice. However, these documents' voluntary and abstract nature can leave health researchers seeking more operationalised guidance, such as in the form of checklists, even though this approach does not support reflection on the meaning of principles nor their implications. In search of more reflective and participatory practices in a pandemic context with distance learning, this study explored whether co-design could support engagement and reflection on ethical principles amongst early-stage health researchers. In a pilot test using the Swiss Personalized Health Network's ethical framework for Responsible Usage of Personal Data in Health Research as a case study, we engaged health researchers to design visuals of four ethical principles. In two online workshops, participants (N = 10, N = 8) completed activities such as individual reflection, collaborative ideation, sketching, prototyping, discussion, and feedback. Our analysis shows that the co-design process helped foster in-depth engagement and reflection on the meaning and relevance of the SPHN ethical principles. Participants reported enjoying the experience, and most felt that visuals could motivate engagement with ethical frameworks. This study demonstrates the feasibility of a participatory, design-oriented approach to promote engagement with research ethics among early-career health researchers and highlights key challenges and lessons learned. In doing so, it lays the foundation for future research to investigate the impact of design-oriented, participatory learning to foster reflection and deliberation in ethics education.
Comparison of Cardiovascular Parameters and Internal Training Load of Different 1-h Training Sessions in Non-elite CrossFit® Athletes
Authors: Meier Nicole , Sietmann Danien , Schmidt Annette
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The fact that CrossFit® is the best-known and rapidly growing concept for high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and high-intensity functional training (HIFT) results in a continuous increase of athletes performing CrossFit®. In the more than 15,000 CrossFit® Affiliates worldwide, the training concept is usually offered in 1-h training sessions containing the CrossFit®-related workout of the day (WOD), as well as a general warm-up, movement demonstrations, and skill training. Here, we report how physiological parameters measured by heart rate (HR) values vary during four different 1-h CrossFit® training sessions of non-elite athletes (n = 27) in a local affiliated training center and what influencing factors may exist.

Methods

The duration of the 1-h training sessions were divided into a warm-up part (WU-part), a skill development part combined with strength exercises (A-part), followed by the WOD part (B-part).

Results

Analysis of HR values shows high training intensity (≥ 91% HRmax) not throughout the duration of each training session, only during B-part. The mean HR values in B-part differ significantly compared to the remaining training parts (P < 0.001) for all four training sessions. Comparison of different CrossFit® experience levels revealed no significant difference in acute physiological demands and training load between beginner and experienced CrossFit® athletes.

Conclusion

Our results may suggest that practicing CrossFit® in 1-h training sessions combined anaerobic and aerobic exercise intensities, with the training concept allows beginners and experienced athletes to be trained with the same cardiovascular responses and training intensities.