bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy-Efficient Route Protocols to Minimize Holes in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Probability Enhancement Algorithm
Authors: Nayak Chinmaya Kumar , Das Satyabrata
Published: September 2021

Wireless sensor networks are widely utilized. In the network of wireless sensors, the nodes of sensors normally disseminated arbitrarily are conditional on the method preferred to realize the sensor network. Primarily, the lifespan of a sensor node depends on the active node numbers along with the network connectivity. When a sensor node runs out of power, the sensor node dies too early, affecting network performance. Therefore, an energy hole will be formed with the network. To avoid the problem of energy holes, a number of rules are already proposed. This paper proposed a new method to resolve the problem of energy holes in wireless sensor networks and maximizes the useful life of the network through a different way of cluster head selection using asymmetrical clustering method. This paper proposed PE (probability enhancement) method for choosing the cluster head, which gives improved output compared to LEACH as well as PEGASIS protocol. The result of simulation is performed with MATLAB, and it appears that the projected scheme works better than the previous scheme.
Emerging 5G IoT Smart System Based on Edge-to-Cloud Computing Platform
Authors: Niveditha V. R. , Usha D. , Rajakumar P. S. , Dwarakanath B. , Magesh S.
Published: September 2021

Security over internet communication has now become difficult as technology is increasingly more effective and faster, particularly in resource limited devices such as wireless sensors, embedded devices, internet of things (IoT), radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, etc. However, IoT is expected to connect billions of computers as a hopeful technology for the future. Hence, security, privacy, and authentication services must protect the communication in IoT. There are several recent considerations, such as restricted computing capacity, register width, RAM size, specific operating environment, ROM size, etc. that have compelled IoT to utilize conventional measures of security. These technologies require greater data speeds, high throughput, expanded power, lower bandwidth, and high efficiency. In addition, IoT has transformed the world in light of these new ideas by offering smooth communication between heterogeneous networks (HetNets).
In-Silico Analysis to Identify Potent Quinoline Analogues Against Multi-Targets of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Naisam Shahanas , Viji V.S.  , Kumar Suvanish , Sreekumar Nidhin
Published: September 2021

In the current outbreak of COVID-19, various studies have been conducted all over the world to develop effective drugs against the virus. Recent studies have shown that hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine (antimalarial drugs), isoflavones, flavonoids, etc. have potent antiviral properties, and few have been proven as effective drugs for the preventive treatment of COVID-19. But their exact action against SARS-CoV-2 is still unknown. The strategy of this study is the virtual screening of quinoline analogues, design new ligand molecules, perform molecular interaction analysis, their MD validation against multi targets (Spike-ACE2, TMPRSS2, and Spike Protein) of SARS-CoV-2, and to suggest the most promising and effective drug molecule. Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine were considered as the reference molecules in this study. A ligand N-[4-(3-Benzylideneazetidine-1-carbonyl)phenyl]quinoline-8-sulfonamide interacting with TMPRSS2 shows better interaction among the list even after MD validation. Further in-vitro and in-vivo analysis of this study is needed for future validation.
Identification of Potential Scaffolds From the Shrub Justicia Adhatoda Against SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Target
Authors: Sen Debanjan , Bhaumik Samhita , Roy Gourav , Muttineni Ravikumar , Hembram Rasbihari , Debnath Sudhan
Published: September 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly infectious and pathogenic virus. To date, there is a lack of proper medication against this virus, which has triggered the scientific community to find therapeutics. Searching of SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors from anti-viral natural products based on traditional knowledge may be an effective approach. In this work, structure-based virtual screening of the compounds of Justicia adhatoda was performed against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, followed by ADME filtration, molecular dynamics, and MMGBSA-based binding free energy calculation. On the basis of docking score, crucial interacting amino acid residues, molecular dynamics, and binding energy profile, three novel phenolic compounds JA_38b, JA_38c, and JA_39 were selected as potential binders against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. This information may be used to develop potential therapeutics countermeasures against SARS-CoV-2 infection after in vitro and detailed pharmacological study.
Avoiding Risk of Disputes by Re-Engineering Telecommunication Services With Blockchain Technologies
Authors: Biba Marenglen , Çela Enes
Published: September 2021

Blockchain is a technology used to immutably and transparently store information that has gained wide popularity due to the use with cryptocurrency, but it is suitable for many other business scenarios. In this paper, the authors deal with carriers providing voice services by exchanging calls with each other. These companies need to transparently store call detail records (CDR) in order to avoid billing discrepancies which can lead to disputes and risk of interruption of services with heavy consequences from the legal point of view. In this paper, the authors present a solution to this problem by using hyperledger fabric to develop smart contracts, which are invoked to store information about each CDR generated. The proposed solution initially stores CDRs before inputting these to the blockchain network. The paper presents experiments with thorough testing on the blockchain network and also some performance improvements. Results show the effectiveness of avoiding disputes by guaranteeing that CDRs are exchanged effectively and immutably without room for ambiguities or misinterpretation.
Developing and Testing a Smartphone Dependency Scale Assessing Addiction Risk
Authors: Amoroso Donald , Lim Ricardo , Roman Francisco L.
Published: September 2021

A 2019 Pew study of emerging economies revealed citizen concerns over smartphone use as risky behavior and their ill effects, such as addiction and overdependency, among many factors. In response, the authors developed a smartphone dependency scale (SDS) of factors that contribute to smartphone addiction, particularly for emerging economies like the Philippines. The instrument was developed from previously validated constructs. They propose that social influence, convenience, affective (anxiety), physiological (maladjustment), and cognitive (mindfulness) factors separately drive smartphone dependency. To test the SDS, the authors surveyed 901 Philippine participants. The scales showed excellent internal consistency and reliability and adequate concurrent and criterion-related validities. A confirmatory factor analysis showed that SDS factors had good data fit. This instrument is a first step in (1) exploring why individuals become dependent (addicted) on mobile devices and (2) stimulating further research concerning smartphone dependency for emerging market settings.
Can Community Resilience to Disaster Be Taught?
Authors: Jones Bernard Anthony
Published: September 2021

The field of resilience is multifaceted and diverse. The foundations of resilience research are embedded in psychology; however, in recent years, the concept has been adopted in many other areas. Moreover, resilience has become more prevalent in disaster response literature but is somewhat confusing in the different ways it is defined and applied. This paper attempts to clarify resilience and interest in developing dialogue about better ways to assist those who deal with tragedy and disaster. If we as a society want to survive, recover, and thrive in the aftermath of disaster and/or traumatic events, we need to start with assisting individuals and organizations in understanding resilience. We need to assist them in tapping into past experiences while enhancing their traits and characteristics for better future resilience. Hence, this paper seeks to address how community resiliency to disasters be taught.
Airport Passenger Flow
Authors: Edrissi Zineb , Beidouri Zitouni , Bouksour Otmane
Published: September 2021

Airports are essential for intercontinental trade and a key to the success of the global aviation industry. The common objective of all stakeholders in the airport chain is to satisfy the passenger while facing a significant number of challenges, including the continued growth of air traffic and its influence on airport capacity, the problem of congestion in peak hours, and all that result from queuing and boarding delays. This situation forces the managers of the airport to set up a better circuit of passengers, both at departure and on arrival. In fact, to achieve a better flow of passenger within the terminal, modeling is the first step towards developing and solving this problem. The present work aims to present the various models and approaches of simulation and optimization applied to the study of passenger flows and highlight their contributions to the good management and operation in a field as complex as that of airport operations.
Effect of Mechanical Alloying on Structural and Electrical Properties of (P2O5)(x)-(Y2O3)(0.03)-(ZrO2)(0.97) Electrolyte
Authors: Al-Attar Abeer Farouk Abbas
Published: September 2021

Pentavalent phosphorous oxide doped yttria-stabilized zirconia (P2O5)X-(Y2O3)0.03-(ZrO2)0.97 with x=0.06 mol.% was achieved via an economical technique using mechanical alloying (MA) technique. Three types of nanocomposite powders of electrolyte were produced by high-energy ball milling with different milling times. The phases of synthesized electrolyte powders and sintered electrolytes were illustrated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The average particle sizes of powders indicated around (360, 245, and 48) nm at milling duration (1, 10, and 45) hrs, respectively. The XRD analysis results of 1 h MA electrolyte powder obtained tetragonal ZrO2, while the 45 h MA electrolyte manifested a minority phase of monoclinic ZrO2. Then, the XRD of the sintered electrolyte with the optimum electrical properties appeared two phases. The major phase of the tetragonal zirconium yttrium oxide and a minor phase was a monoclinic zirconium oxide. The average grain sizes of the three types of the sintered manufacturing electrolytes were (7.638, 2.642, and 1.245 µm) after the mechanical alloying duration of (1, 10, and 45) hrs, respectively and sintered at 1873 °K. The DC conductivity (σ) studied corresponded to the influence of milling times on the microstructure for each sintered electrolyte. From the results, the synthesized sintered electrolyte with a long MA duration gave a maximum DC (σ) 1.03E-1S.m. And, the DC conductivity (σ) was 1.11E-02 of electrolyte produced with 10 hr mechanical alloying. Otherwise, the lower DC conductivity got with the electrolyte prepared in the lowest milling duration was 8.9 E-2 S.m.
Effect of ZrB2 Functionalized Nanoparticles Growth on Microstructural and Corrosion Resistance on Mild Steel through Electrodeposition Route
Authors: Fayomi Ojo Sunday Issac , Nkiko Mojisola Olubunmi , Dauda Khadijah Tolulope , Oluwasegun Kunle Michael
Published: September 2021

In other to have a better performance of Ni-P-Zn multifunctional applications, crystallite-like Ni-P-Zn-ZrB2 composite was actively fabricated by electrodeposition principle. The corrosion, structural evolution and surface active phenomena were investigated by various techniques. The influence of ZrB2 particulate on the morphology and corrosion properties was examined. The outcomes show an inclusive flower-like doped ZrB2 phase constituent and is uniformly distributed Ni-P-Zn-ZrB2 improved strengthening effect. The corrosion progression of the developed metal alloy was compared with other coating matrix from 10-25 minutes interval. The integration of ZrB2 on Ni-P-Zn phase especially for 25 min deposits significantly enhances corrosion resistance due to good grain refinement. Keywords: Ni-based composite, electrodeposition, time difference, coating, corrosion
Studies on the Performance of Two Dimensional AlSi as the Anodes of Li Ion Battery
Authors: Hao Shuai
Published: September 2021

Recently, two-dimensional (2D) materials have been rapidly developed and they provided a wide application on the anode of the batteries, reducing the adverse effect of traditional ion batteries including low capacity, short cycle life, low charging rate and poor safety mainly coming from the use of graphite anode. The current report investigates the anode performances of AlSi, a new 2D material exfoliated from NaAlSi, for Li ion batterys (LIBs) through density functional theory (DFT) calculations and gives quantitative discussions on the Li ion valences, binding energies and open-circuit voltages of 2D AlSi anode. The results indicate that 2D AlSi performs great as a novel anode due to the moderate adhesion to Li and low barrier for ion diffusion. Furthermore, our research results illustrate a broad application prospect on the new anode inventions as well as reducing useless consumption on the batteries by the practice of AlSi anode.
Influence of Oxidation Temperature on Structure and Mechanical Properties of Titanium
Authors: Chen Tong , Koyama Shinji
Published: September 2021

Surface oxidation of pure titanium was performed in the atmosphere to increase the mechanical properties. The effect of oxidation temperature (650-900°C) for 2 h on the microstructure, composition, and mechanical properties of the treated samples was investigated using X-ray diffraction, hardness tester and indentation modulus tester, respectively. The diffusion rate of oxygen in grade-2 pure Ti with different processing temperatures discussed in present research. Based on a result of the examination, the surface hardness was increased first and then decreased as the processing temperature increased. And when the processing temperature at 850°C, the surface hardness reached the maximum value. In addition, the Young's modulus of the treated samples also showed a maximum value of 198.9 GPa for a processing temperature of 850°C. An oxidation condition of 850°C is considered optimal as it provides sufficiently high hardness during practical use.
Grass Waste Derived Cellulose Nanocrystals as Nanofiller in Polyvinyl Alcohol Composite Film for Packaging Application
Authors: Danial Wan Hazman , Taib Raihan Mohd , Samah Mohd Armi Abu , Majid Zaiton Abdul
Published: September 2021

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have shown remarkable application prospects due to their outstanding chemical and physical properties. In this research, cellulose nanocrystals were isolated from grass waste using alkali, bleaching and acid hydrolysis treatments and further used as nanofiller in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films. The valorisation of the grass waste, as an eco-friendly and sustainable low-cost precursor yields ~23.3% of CNCs. The morphology of the CNCs was observed under transmission electron microscopy and the influence of the grass waste derived CNCs (gw-CNCs) content on the optical transmittance, and water uptake and absorption capacity were investigated by varying the CNCs content in the PVA films. The results showed that the UV transmittance, and water uptake and absorption capacity of the composite films decreased with increasing of gw-CNCs content. The optimum gw-CNCs content for the composite film was determined in this study. The enhanced characteristics contributed to the UV shielding and water absorption properties implies the potential of the gw-CNCs to be used as potential nanofiller for packaging application.
Earth Bricks with Halloysite Nanoclay: Research and Experimentation for the Sustainability of Materials
Authors: Sposito Cesare , Scalisi Francesca
Published: September 2021

This paper illustrates the experimentation activities on rammed earth and nanotechnologies. The experimental research was carried out with the aim of improving the performance of rammed earth bricks with clay nanotubes, creating a ‘new material’ with reduced embodied energy and low CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. Specifically, the analysed performances are related to the compressive strength that expand their area of use as a building material.
Using Atomic Force Microscopy to Evaluate Microstructure for Direct Metal Laser Melted Titanium
Authors: Wong Grant , Sharp Chris
Published: September 2021

Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a relatively new technology that could potentially revolutionize industrial manufacturing. Currently, papers have studied the mechanical properties and microstructure of AM materials without the use of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). This paper utilizes AFM to analyze the Widmanstätten microstructure and porosity of Direct Metal Laser Melted (DMLM) titanium samples. The mechanical properties of the titanium samples were collected, and the samples exhibited favorable yield and tensile strengths, but suboptimal ductile properties. The DMLM titanium seemed to have an increase in yield and tensile strength while the ductility seemed to decrease as a result of the fast cooling rate utilized in the DMLM process. AFM was used when analyzing the Widmanstätten microstructure which had an average surface roughness of 142 nm and the pore depth of one sample was 3.3 μm. The substantial depth of the pores could potentially be related to the decrease in ductility and it could increase the potential of future premature fractures. AFM provided a lot of useful information for this study and could provide even more information within the metallurgical field when studying the microstructure and porosity of metals, especially for AM materials.
Research on Surface Quality by Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Face Grinding of Cemented Carbide
Authors: Chen Guang Jun , Xu Jin Kai , Wang Jia Qi , Wang Jing Dong , Tong Le , Yu Hua Dong
Published: September 2021

Cemented carbide has huge applications in industrial production, but its high mechanical properties also increase the difficulty of processing. In this work, ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding technology is used for the precision manufacturing of cemented carbide. The influence of the dynamic trajectory of the grains on the material removal process is analyzed. The morphology and roughness of the processed surface are measured and studied. It was observed that in the conventional grinding, the blade pattern is obvious with some defects on the surface. While in the ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding, the material surface is mainly distributed with pits and small protrusions, and there is no obvious blade pattern. According to the roughness test, the roughness of ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding is better than that of conventional grinding, and the increase in amplitude has a significant effect on the improvement of roughness. When the amplitude increases from 3μm to 9μm, the surface roughness is improved about 38.1%. The research of ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding should be of great importance for promote the high-efficiency and high-quality processing and special applications of cemented carbide.
Elimination of Oxygen Defects in In-Si-O Film and Thin Film Transistor Performance
Authors: Palupi Endah Kinarya , Fujiwara Akihiko
Published: September 2021

Effect of storage in air on silicon doped indium oxide (In-Si-O) thin-film transistors fabricated via solution processing has been investigated. The on/off ratio drastically increased from 101 just after fabrication to 105 on the 10-day storage, whereas the mobility slightly decreased from 1.4 cm2/Vs to 0.38 cm2/Vs. Time constant of aging effect was 3.6 days. The behavior suggests that oxygen defects in In-Si-O films, which may be produced during thermal evaporation of Al electrodes under high vacuum, are eliminated.
Graphene Oxide as a Substrate for Biosensors: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Adel Mohamed , Abdel-Wahab Abdel Hady A. , Abdel-Mawgood Ahmed , Egiza Ahmed Osman
Published: September 2021

Graphene oxide (GO) is an oxidized nanosheets of graphite with a 2D planar structure. GO could be readily complexed with bio-entities as it possesses many oxygen-containing functionalities on its surface. The preparation process is fast, easy, and cost-effective. It was prepared using modified Hummers’ method in acidic solution as a primary solvent and potassium permanganate as an oxidizing agent. Afterwards, it was successfully characterized by FTIR, UV-visible spectroscopy, as well as XRD and Raman spectroscopy, and finally, SEM analysis. It was observed that the formed GO is mainly composed of carbon and oxygen elements rich in oxygen functional groups. Furthermore, the existence of (001) plane in XRD interprets the complete oxidation of graphite with d-spacing 9 Å. Moreover, Raman spectroscopy displayed the sp3 carbon hybridization, besides, the ID/IG ratio is found to be 0.84, which confirms the disorder between graphene oxide layers. The SEM images also pointed out that graphene oxide sheets were regularly stacked together as flake-like structures. Accordingly, the richness of oxygen-containing functionalities was confirmed. Hence, it is appropriate to be used as a base transducer for biosensing applications.
Influence of Adjunctive Photodynamic Therapy on Interleukin-6, Interleukin-8, and Interleukin-10 Gingival Crevicular Fluid Levels in Chronic Periodontitis – A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kharkar Vishakha Vilas , Kolte Abhay Pandurang , Kolte Rajashri Abhay , Bawankar Pranjali Vijaykumar , Lathiya Vrushali Nilesh , Bodhare Girish Haripal
Published: September 2021

Background:

Numerous studies have assessed the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) both as a primary mode of treatment and as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the treatment of periodontitis. Some results were nondefinitive and, in part, inconsistent with respect to the clinical and biochemical effects. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of PDT as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and IL-10 levels in the treatment of chronic periodontitis (CP).

Materials and Methods:

In 21 patients with CP, two contralateral sites (premolar and molar) were randomly divided into: control sites (treated with NSPT only) and test sites (treated with NSPT + PDT). Clinical parameters including bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level were evaluated at baseline, 1- and 3 months and biochemical parameters of GCF levels of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were evaluated at baseline and 3-month post-therapy through enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay.

Results:

A greater improvement in BOP score at 1 month (41.10% ± 3.58%) and 3-months (38.00% ± 3.62%) posttherapy was found in the test site as compared to control site. Regarding cytokines, test sites exhibited significant reductions in IL-6 (4.29 ± 0.67 pg/ml) and IL-8 (308.16 ± 36.04 pg/ml) levels and increase in IL-10 (14.25 ± 0.83 pg/ml) level at 3 months (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:

Additional application of PDT, adjunctive to NSPT, resulted in a significant reduction in BOP score as well as GCF pro-inflammatory cytokine levels along with an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, compared to NSPT alone.
Trace estimates of Toeplitz operators on Bergman spaces and applications to composition operators
Authors: El-Fallah Omar , El Ibbaoui Mohamed
Published: September 2021

Let

\Omega

be a subdomain of

\mathbb{C}

and let

\mu

be a positive Borel measure on

\Omega

. In this paper, we study the asymptotic behavior of the eigenvalues of compact Toeplitz operators

T_\mu

acting on Bergman spaces on

\Omega

. Let

(\lambda _n(T_\mu))

be the decreasing sequence of the eigenvalues of

T_\mu

, and let

\rho

be an increasing function such that

\rho (n)/n^A

is decreasing for some

A>0

. We give an explicit necessary and sufficient geometric condition on

\mu

in order to have

\lambda _n(T_\mu)\asymp 1/\rho (n)

. As applications, we consider composition operators

C_\varphi

, acting on some standard analytic spaces on the unit disc

\mathbb{D}

. First, we give a general criterion ensuring that the singular values of

C_\varphi

satisfy

s_n(C_\varphi ) \asymp 1/\rho(n)

. Next, we focus our attention on composition operators with univalent symbols, where we express our general criterion in terms of the harmonic measure of

\varphi (\mathbb{D})

. We finally study the case where

\partial \varphi (\mathbb{D})

meets the unit circle in one point and give several concrete examples. Our method is based on upper and lower estimates of the trace of

h(T_\mu)

, where

h

is a suitable concave or convex function.
Food Hygiene Practices of Rural Women and Microbial Risk for Children: Formative Research in Nepal
Authors: Gautam Om Prasad , Curtis Valerie
Published: September 2021

Formative research was conducted in a rural hill setting in Nepal during April–June 2012 to inform the design of an intervention to promote safe food hygiene practices. A variety of methods underpinned by Behavior Centered Design theory and Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points was used to pinpoint key risk behaviors and their environmental and psychological determinants in 68 households with a mother having a child aged 6–59 months. These included video recordings, observation of daily routine, teach-the-researcher sessions, in-depth interviews, observations of actual behaviors, focus group discussions, motive mapping, microbiological assessment, and identification of critical control points. Physical settings, especially the kitchen, form a challenging environment for mothers, including family members in rural hill settings of Nepal to practice adequate food hygiene behaviors. Prevalent food hygiene practices of mothers were inadequate, leading to frequent exposure of young children to highly contaminated food, water, and milk. We identified six critical control points; of these, five needed improving. Determinants of these behaviors included physical and social environment as well as psychological brief and individual motives. Five key food hygiene risk behaviors are suggested for prioritization. While designing a food hygiene intervention package, consideration should be given to the physical, biological, and social environment, and immediate motives behind each practice should be taken into consideration while framing key messages. Creative and engaging activities should be designed around the motives of nurture, disgust, affiliation, and social status/respect.
Case Report: HTLV-1–Induced Adult T-Cell Leukemia and Tropical Spastic Paresis
Authors: Rosenthal Reece , Kaplan Julika , Ahmed Mohammed , Mims Martha , Weatherhead Jill E.
Published: September 2021

Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus endemic in many areas around the world. HTLV-1 can induce the development of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) or myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). We report a patient who presented to our outpatient clinic with massive splenomegaly, weight loss, urinary retention, and lower extremity weakness for the previous 3 years. The patient was found to have positive HTLV-1 by ELISA and Western blot from peripheral blood. Evaluation of the spleen demonstrated T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia consistent with ATL. In addition to progressive lower extremity weakness, hyperreflexia and clonus, cerebral spinal fluid was positive for HTLV-1 by ELISA and had a reversed CD4-to-CD8 ratio consistent with HAM/TSP. These findings suggest HTLV-1 induced ATL and HAM/TSP presenting simultaneously in the same patient.
On-Road Portable Emission Measurement Systems Test Data Analysis and Light-Duty Vehicle In-Use Emissions Development
Authors: Lee SoDuk , Fulper Carl R. , Cullen Daniel , McDonald Joseph , Fernandez Antonio , Doorlag Mark H. , Sanchez Lawrence J. , Olechiw Michael
Published: September 2021

Portable emission measurement systems (PEMS) [1] are used by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to measure gaseous and particulate matter mass emissions from vehicles in normal, in-use, on-the-road, and “real-world” operations to support many of its programs. These programs include vehicle modeling, emissions compliance, regulatory development, emissions inventory development, and investigations of the effects of real, in-use driving conditions on NOx, CO2, and other regulated pollutants.

This article discusses EPA’s analytical methodology for evaluating light-duty vehicle energy and EU Real Driving Emissions (RDE). A simple, data-driven model was developed and validated using measured PEMS emissions test data. The work also included application of the EU RDE procedures and comparison to the PEMS test methodologies and FTP and other chassis dynamometer test data used by EPA for characterizing in-use light- and heavy-duty vehicle emissions. This work was conducted as part of EPA’s participation in the development of UNECE Global Technical Regulations and also supports EPA mobile source emission inventory development. This article discusses the real-world emissions of light-duty vehicles with 12V Start-Stop technology and light-duty vehicles using both gasoline and diesel fuels.
State-of-Health Online Estimation for Li-Ion Battery
Authors:   Tiangong University, China, Fang Liu , Xinyi Liu ,   Tiangong University, China, Weixing Su ,   Tiangong University, China, Hanning Chen ,   Tiangong University, China, Maowei He ,   Tiangong University, China, Xiaodan Liang ,   Tiangong University, China
Published: September 2021

To realize a fast and high-precision online state-of-health (SOH) estimation of lithium-ion (Li-Ion) battery, this article proposes a novel SOH estimation method. This method consists of a new SOH model and parameters identification method based on an improved genetic algorithm (Improved-GA). The new SOH model combines the equivalent circuit model (ECM) and the data-driven model. The advantages lie in keeping the physical meaning of the ECM while improving its dynamic characteristics and accuracy. The improved-GA can effectively avoid falling into a local optimal problem and improve the convergence speed and search accuracy. So the advantages of the SOH estimation method proposed in this article are that it only relies on battery management systems (BMS) monitoring data and removes many assumptions in some other traditional ECM-based SOH estimation methods, so it is closer to the actual needs for electric vehicle (EV). By comparing with the traditional ECM-based SOH estimation method, the algorithm proposed in this article has higher accuracy, fewer identification parameters, and lower computational complexity.
THC Concentration Estimation Model using FTIR Spectrum
Authors: Yabushita Hirotaka , Nagaoka Makoto , Gyoten Yuji , Yoshioka Masaya , Mori Yuichi
Published: September 2021

A novel total hydrocarbon (THC) emission concentration estimation model is proposed for reduction of engine development cost and simplification of exhaust measurements. The proposed method uses the absorbance spectra of a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, which contains the information on a wide variety of hydrocarbons, as input. The model is based on machine learning algorithms including the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and bagging techniques. To train the model, we created a dataset containing pairs of a spectrum of engine exhaust gas and the THC concentration. In addition, we incorporate absorbance spectra of individual hydrocarbon components and several inorganic components so that the model learns the contribution of each hydrocarbon to THC concentration and to ignore interferences of irrelevant gas components. Since the intensity of absorbance spectrum is not entirely linear to all over the THC concentration, a piecewise linear model is constructed for THC concentration estimation. The model was evaluated on both exhaust gases before and after catalyst of a gasoline engine. The proposed approach reduces the error of THC estimations to less than 5% in pre-catalyst exhaust gas and less than 14 % in post-catalyst exhaust gas in both steady and transient operating conditions, in comparison to the 20% error for the regression model using only hydrocarbon concentration data. The results show that modeling directly using FTIR spectrum achieves a higher accuracy, moreover, training with individual gas component spectrum data provides further improvement.
Modular Path Queries with Arithmetic
Authors: Michaliszyn Jakub , Otop Jan , Wieczorek Piotr
Published: September 2021

We propose a new approach to querying graph databases. Our approach balances
competing goals of expressive power, language clarity and computational
complexity. A distinctive feature of our approach is the ability to express
properties of minimal (e.g. shortest) and maximal (e.g. most valuable) paths
satisfying given criteria. To express complex properties in a modular way, we
introduce labelling-generating ontologies. The resulting formalism is
computationally attractive - queries can be answered in non-deterministic
logarithmic space in the size of the database.
Nield-Kuznetsov Functions: Current Advances and New Results
Authors: Hamdan M.H. , Dajani S. Jayyousi , Abu Zaytoon M.S.
Published: September 2021

In this article, we discuss a class of functions known as the Nield-Kuznetsov functions, introduced over the past decade. These functions arise in the solutions to inhomogeneous Airy’s and Weber’s equations. Derivations of these functions are provided, together with their methods of computations
Managing the Culture of COVID-19 "New Normal" as a Motivation for University Students in South Africa
Authors: Omodan Bunmi I , Tsotetsi Cias T , Ige Olugbenga A
Published: September 2021

The advent of COVID-19 and its implication on university education has been the bone of contention in recent times. The COVID-19 emergency has led to a change in knowledge inputs, processes, and outputs. This trajectory has demotivated student approaches to their learning. In response to this revolution, this study provides motivational strategies through students' perspectives to respond to the underside of new normal among South African university students. Ubuntu underpins the study within the Transformative Paradigm lens and Participatory Research as a research design. Ten students of a particular module in a selected university in South Africa were chosen to participate in the study. They were selected using the snowballing sampling technique because the participants were under level 3 lockdown with little or no access to campus at the time of the study. Online interview via phone calls, email and WhatsApp, was conducted with the students, and the data were analysed using Thematic Analysis. The study revealed a lack of visualised physical engagement between students and their lecturers and unstable internet access and lack of the internet as the major challenges.  The study, therefore, recommends solutions that there should be adequate provision of effective online audio-visual sessions with enough space for student-lecturer’s interactions and low-tech online sessions and content deliveries.
COVID-19, the global education project and technology: Disrupting priorities towards rethinking education
Authors: Wolhuter Charl , Jacobs Lynette
Published: September 2021

This paper argues that the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic created a space to reconceptualise education and rethink priorities. Although no one will deny the devastating impact of the pandemic, humans have been able to continue with various projects, including the global education project, largely made possible through unprecedented technology advancement, as well as the uptake of technologies that advanced pre-COVID-19. In many ways, the clear distinction between human and technological (being non-human) practices has blurred to a point where the mere nature of human projects such as the global education project has become post-human. While different schools of thought on the nature of “post-human” exist, we use it to refer to what we are becoming together, a comprehension and awareness of the connectedness between humans and their natural and technological environment and the ethical concerns that come with it. COVID-19 provides an opportunity to reconsider the connectedness, complexities and dynamics of the world, and what we (humans, nature, Earth, technology) are becoming. Based on a literature survey and critical refection on the state of the global education expansion project at the time of the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, we suggest the following changes to the ways quantity, quality and equality in education are conceptualised. The employment of technology should be added in the conceptualisation of input quality. Flexibility, support and connectedness should be built into the process quality equation. Most importantly, ecology should also be added as a product of education, and not merely a contextual influence in education.
A journey through digital storytelling during COVID-19 Students preparedness to use technology for learning in the language classroom
Authors: Marais Elma
Published: September 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced lecturers at South African universities to reconceptualise their teaching and learning activities. Universities had to embark on remote teaching to salvage the 2020 academic year. This created the opportunity to draw on students’ creative and digital skills to promote digital storytelling as a way of enhancing their learning experience.   This article describes the journey of a teacher educator and a group of students registered for a language didactics module in an initial teacher education programme. Film study was traditionally presented through lively conversations in a contact session where students could exchange their perceptions and opinions regarding various aspects of film. Because of the COVID-19 lockdown this approach had to be reviewed. The lecturer in question employed digital learning competencies to transform learning through the innovative use of digital tools and resources to rethink student engagement with film. Students were invited to create digital stories. The outcome of the process not only improved their understanding of teaching film but also promoted their digital competencies and empowered them to create resources they could use in their careers.
“A FAVELA ESTÁ PASSANDO A MENSAGEM” - CONSTRUÇÕES DE NOVAS NARRATIVAS NO COMPLEXO DO ALEMÃO
Authors: Do Nascimento Natã Neves
Published: September 2021

Esse artigo se propõe a refletir sobre a construção de novas narrativas dentro do conjunto de favelas do Complexo do Alemão e a forma como essa construção afeta os poetas e consequentemente o público presente no slam. Busco apresentar o Slam Laje que tem acontecido no Alemão através da minha experiência no campo que aconteceu no aniversário de 1 ano do evento. O Slam é um novo fenômeno da poesia oral e através de sua performance vem ganhando espaço em todo o País, através de suas batalhas os poetas da favela estão mandando o papo reto falando sobre racismo, homofobia e feminismo buscando a reflexão por parte do público. Serão analisados nesse trabalho alguns conceitos de identidade e representatividade a partir de estudos de Gloria Anzaldúa, Gayatri Spivak e Walter Benjamim.
ETNOGRAFIA DE UMA EXPOSIÇÃO DO MUSEU DA ARTE CONTEMPORÂNEA DO CEARÁ
Authors: Rufino Maíra Rocha
Published: September 2021

O processo de legitimação das/os/es artistas negras/os/es em espaços institucionalizados de arte é foco desta pesquisa que tem como lócus o Museu de Arte Contemporânea do Ceará (MAC/CE) e em que a sociologia da arte é tomada como ferramenta teórico metodológica. Busca-se aqui, portanto, apresentar parte da pesquisa em curso na nomeada instituição a fim de compreendermos quais são estes mencionados processos de legitimação, neste caso, através da etnografia de uma das exposições que estiveram recentemente no MAC/CE. Este recorte compreende o período entre Outubro de 2019 e Fevereiro de 2020, etapa inicial da pesquisa de Iniciação Científica (FUNCAP-UECE), que permanece em curso.
Realidade Virtual aplicada ao marketing imobiliário: alternativas tecnológicas
Authors: Vieira Vinícius Beraldo , Cuperschmid Ana Regina Mizrahy
Published: September 2021

A Realidade Virtual (RV) tem sido estudada, desenvolvida e aplicada em diferentes situações e áreas. Este artigo aborda a utilização de RV no marketing imobiliário e tem o objetivo de identificar as tecnologias empregadas, oferecendo alternativas tecnológicas para o desenvolvimento de aplicações similares. Este é um estudo exploratório que busca proporcionar maior familiaridade com dois casos de uso de RV aplicados ao marketing imobiliário no Brasil: MRV My Home Experience e Shortstay Curitiba. Os autores experimentaram ambos, as tecnologias utilizadas foram identificadas e, posteriormente, alternativas que gerassem experiências similares de RV foram apresentadas. As aplicações de RV e suas alternativas tecnológicas descritas podem estimular a disseminação dessas tecnologias, contribuindo para a utilização de RV não apenas no ramo imobiliário, mas também no setor de Arquitetura, Engenharia, Construção e Operação.
Esquema conceitual de Internet das Coisas para ACV na fase de uso de edificações
Authors: Barros Natalia Nakamura , Ruschel Regina Coeli , Silva Vanessa Gomes da
Published: September 2021

A Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV) investiga sistematicamente os impactos ambientais e encontra aplicações inclusive na indústria da construção. Tao et al. (2014) desenvolveram uma arquitetura de Internet of Things (IoT) e extração de materiais em BIM para o nível de produção de produto. Este artigo apresenta resultados parciais de uma pesquisa de doutorado desenvolvida com o método Design Science Research (DSR), e mantém seu foco na fase de sugestão do método. Propõe-se uma adaptação do arcabouço conceitual de Tao et al. (2014) para aplicação à etapa de uso do edifício. O esquema IoT + BIM para ACV de edificações permaneceu com as mesmas camadas da estrutura proposta por Tao et al. (2014), mas altera o seu conteúdo devido ao propósito e escopo da ACV: (i) as atividades da camada de percepção estão relacionadas ao uso da edificação; (ii) a camada de dados inclui o modelo BIM e os dados de monitoramento de uso do espaço; (iii) A camada de serviço é reordenada e incorpora algoritmos de IA; e (iv) A camada de aplicação inclui profissionais de Arquitetura, Engenharia e Construção (AEC). Uma arquitetura de IoT baseada em BIM com inteligência para ACV no estágio de uso de edifícios é muito promissora e inovadora ao permitir a coleta de dados ambientais em tempo real, e a sua transformação - de forma inteligente e dinâmica - em indicadores. Esta estrutura será subsequentemente avaliada em ambientes institucionais de laboratório durante uma fase de uso.
Ambientes virtuais como meios potencializadores de atmosferas urbanas
Authors: Faria Gustavo Henrique Campos de , Souza Larissa Pereira de , Stofella Arthur , Miranda Bruno Jordão de , Vaz Carlos Eduardo Verzola
Published: September 2021

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar a interação do ser humano com ambientes virtuais no espaço urbano da cidade contemporânea e promover novas diretrizes de intervenção, a fim de melhorar as atmosferas urbanas existentes. Assim, decidiu-se que a intervenção seria uma intervenção híbrida no antigo centro da cidade de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina a fim de unir o espaço físico, o espaço virtual e os usuários, a partir de uma mídia móvel. Para tanto, é realizado um levantamento fenomenológico espacial, bem como um diagnóstico virtual, buscando evidências georreferenciadas de sites de redes sociais. Dessa forma, buscou-se o desenvolvimento de uma aplicação móvel que levasse em consideração as diferentes atmosferas presentes na porção central, bem como o aprimoramento da experiência do usuário no uso e ocupação desse espaço urbano. Isto é baseado em uma metodologia de processo de projeto orientada ao usuário, dividida em cinco estágios de elaboração: estratégia, escopo, estrutura, esqueleto e identidade. Então, é possível verificar a necessidade de uso destas ferramentas a fim de redefinir dinâmicas urbanas a favor de uma sociabilidade coletiva.
Modelagem paramétrica, programação algorítmica e BIM: um estudo de caso para a geração de vedação e estruturas baseadas em NURBS
Authors: Silva Lilian Maciel Furtado , Silva Neander Furtado , Lacroix Igor
Published: September 2021

Um fluxo de trabalho para integração de modelagem paramétrica com BIM, utilizando programação generativa, é descrito e testado nesta pesquisa. O objetivo é aproveitar esses dois paradigmas distintos de projeto. Este artigo descreve um experimento de projeto que exigiu uma cobertura NURBS gerada por perfis de varredura ao longo de um caminho curvo. Assumimos que o uso de vários aplicativos, usando vários formatos de arquivo, são fatos e provavelmente não desaparecerão. Uma vez que surgirão problemas de interoperabilidade, propomos e testamos um fluxo de trabalho de projeto usando modelagem paramétrica, programação gerativa e modelagem de informações de construção. Nossa principal contribuição foi a definição de um fluxo de trabalho para projetar superfícies NURBS e estruturas de suporte correspondentes, aprimorando a interoperabilidade entre diferentes aplicativos por meio de programação gerativa.
COVID-19 uncertainty and Bitcoin market, linking the liquidity cost to the cryptocurrency yields
Authors: Saleemi Jawad
Published: September 2021

The cryptocurrency market is emerging as a new asset class for the investment. As the traditional asset prices are often noted to be influenced by the liquidity risk, this study links the cryptocurrency liquidity cost to its yields. Pre-pandemic uncertainty, the Bitcoin liquidity cost was found to be priced in its returns during the same trading session. Post-pandemic crisis, the relationship was changed. The liquidity cost was reported not to be priced in the Bitcoin returns at the time of same trading session. Post-pandemic crisis, however, the liquidity cost imposed by the liquidity supplier on day t − 1 was noted to be priced in the Bitcoin return of day t . In the cryptocurrency market, this study quantifies the effects on the Bitcoin returns of its liquidity cost, and if such effects vary pre- and post-pandemic uncertainty.
Presentación
Authors: Camarero Hernán
Published: September 2021

Presentación
O PROGRAMA DE MICROCRÉDITO RURAL ORIENTADO E ACOMPANHADO (AGROAMIGO) NOS TERRITÓRIOS DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE
Authors: Nunes Emanoel Márcio , Pilon Amélio Arcangelo
Published: September 2021

O objetivo é analisar a importância da dinâmica do Programa de Microcrédito Rural Orientado (AGROAMIGO) no Rio Grande do Norte, por meio da sua evolução em termos de valores e distribuição por atividade econômica. Como metodologia foi utilizado o método econométrico de gráficos de dispersão e seus mapas, a partir das operações realizadas no período de dez anos do AGROAMIGO, de 2005 a 2014, com informações do Banco de Dados fornecido pelo Escritório Técnico de Estudos Econômicos do Nordeste (ETENE). Como resultado da pesquisa, percebe-se que os municípios situados nos territórios do Seridó e do Sertão do Apodi aderiam melhor ao programa. O estudo apontou ainda, que cadeias produtivas tradicionais, a exemplo da pecuária, são as com maior número de operações, e que nos municípios onde existe a menor concentração de terras, a exemplo do território Alto Oeste Potiguar, o AGROAMIGO apresentou não somente maior número de operações como também números crescentes das operações.