bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
É o trabalho abstrato universal?
Authors: Žižek Slavoj
Published: November 2023

Na medida em que não se pronuncia sobre o papel fundamental que a ciência moderna desempenha nos circuitos do capital, Kohei Saito pensa abstratamente, no sentido hegeliano de abstrair ou ignorar as circunstâncias concretas. E em nenhum lugar essa abstração é mais palpável do que em sua afirmação na qual o trabalho abstrato já existe nas sociedades pré-modernas, que ele não é (como o valor) uma forma puramente social, que surge apenas por meio da troca de mercadorias. Ao fazer isso, Saito ignora o fato crucial de que a noção de trabalho abstrato de Marx pressupõe a ciência moderna, especificamente a termodinâmica do século XIX.
Shared Genetic Risk in the Association of Screen Time With Psychiatric Problems in Children
Authors: Zhang Yingzhe , Choi Karmel W. , Delaney Scott W. , Ge Tian , Pingault Jean-Baptiste , Tiemeier Henning
Published: November 2023

Importance

Children’s exposure to screen time has been associated with poor mental health outcomes, yet the role of genetic factors remains largely unknown.

Objective

To assess the extent of genetic confounding in the associations between screen time and attention problems or internalizing problems in preadolescent children.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study analyzed data obtained between 2016 and 2019 from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study at 21 sites in the US. The sample included children aged 9 to 11 years of genetically assigned European ancestry with self-reported screen time. Data were analyzed between November 2021 and September 2023.

Exposure

Child-reported daily screen time (in hours) was ascertained from questionnaires completed by the children at baseline.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Child psychiatric problems, specifically attention and internalizing problems, were measured with the parent-completed Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist at the 1-year follow-up. Genetic sensitivity analyses model (Gsens) was used, which incorporated polygenic risk scores (PRSs) of both exposure and outcomes as well as either single-nucleotide variant (SNV; formerly single-nucleotide polymorphism)–based heritability or twin-based heritability to estimate genetic confounding.

Results

The 4262 children in the sample included 2269 males (53.2%) with a mean (SD) age of 9.9 (0.6) years. Child screen time was associated with attention problems (β = 0.10 SD; 95% CI, 0.07-0.13 SD) and internalizing problems (β = 0.03 SD; 95% CI, 0.003-0.06 SD). The television time PRS was associated with child screen time (β = 0.18 SD; 95% CI, 0.14-0.23 SD), the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder PRS was associated with attention problems (β = 0.13 SD; 95% CI, 0.10-0.16 SD), and the depression PRS was associated with internalizing problems (β = 0.10 SD; 95% CI, 0.07-0.13 SD). These PRSs were associated with cross-traits, suggesting genetic confounding. Estimates using PRSs and SNV-based heritability showed that genetic confounding accounted for most of the association between child screen time and attention problems and for 42.7% of the association between child screen time and internalizing problems. When PRSs and twin-based heritability estimates were used, genetic confounding fully explained both associations.

Conclusions and Relevance

Results of this study suggest that genetic confounding may explain a substantial part of the associations between child screen time and psychiatric problems. Genetic confounding should be considered in sociobehavioral studies of modifiable factors for youth mental health.
Parents’ Views on Autopsy, Organ Donation, and Research Donation After Neonatal Death
Authors: Crouch Elizabeth E. , Damas Carlos , Bartrug William C. , Shamiyeh Anne , Scelfo Meghan , Dreyfus Madeleine , Gano Dawn , Segal Summer , Franck Linda S.
Published: November 2023

Importance

Parents who experience neonatal loss have the option to participate in autopsy, organ donation, and research donation. However, clinicians are uncomfortable discussing autopsy and may not be aware of research and organ donation opportunities.

Objective

To capture the perspectives of parents who had experienced neonatal loss about autopsy, organ donation, and research donation.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This qualitative study used virtual focus groups with parents who attended a local bereavement support group in the US. Participants were recruited from Helping After Neonatal Death, a support group with a local chapter. Participants self-selected from an email request if they met the following criteria: aged 18 years or older, English speaking, at least 6 months elapsed since neonatal death, and access to a video conference device with internet. Focus groups took place between April and September 2021. The recorded sessions were analyzed using a grounded theory–informed approach by the research team that included parents with experience of neonatal loss. Data were analyzed from December 2021 through December 2022.

Results

A total of 14 mothers engaged in the focus group; 9 (75%) were aged 30 to 39 years, and 8 (66%) were White. The mothers were overall well educated. The first main theme grew from the lived experience of neonatal loss, specifically the importance of offering all parents the option to donate, rather than prejudging who would or would not be interested. Parents of neonates who die have few opportunities to parent that child and make loving decisions for them. Participants emphasized that the conversation about autopsy, organ donation, and research donation, albeit difficult, can offer a meaningful parenting experience. A second main theme that emerged related to how organ or tissue donation could provide additional meaning to a child’s life. These choices contributed to building a legacy to honor their child’s memory, which also helped with grief and coping with their loss. A third theme included recommendations to clinicians and health systems for improving communication, including written information for parents and communication training for health care professionals.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this qualitative study, parents who experienced neonatal loss endorsed the importance of offering parents the choice of autopsy, organ donation, or research donation with skillful and empathetic communication. They provided practical recommendations to improve communication and empower families.
Silver─Gallium Nano‐Amalgamated Particles as a Novel, Biocompatible Solution for Antibacterial Coatings
Authors: Nguyen Tien Thanh , Zhang Pengfei , Bi Jingwei , Nguyen Ngoc Huu , Dang Yen , Xu Zhaoning , Wang Hao , Ninan Neethu , Bright Richard , Pham Tuyet , Nguyen Chung Kim , Sabri Ylias , Nguyen Manh Tuong , Vongsvivut Jitraporn , Zhao Yunpeng , Vasilev Krasimir , Truong Vi Khanh
Published: November 2023

Bacterial infections account for countless deaths globally. Antibiotics are the primary countermeasure; however, the alarming spread of antibiotic‐resistant strains necessitates alternative solutions. Silver and silver compounds have emerged as promising antibacterial agents. However, issues related to cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of silver remain concern. To overcome these challenges, this proposes an easy‐to‐control and straightforward method to synthesize novel Silver─gallium (Ag─Ga) nano‐amalgamated particles. Gallium liquid metal (GaLM) is used to facilitate the galvanic deposition of silver nanocrystals (Ag) on oxide layer. The GaLM not only serves as a carrier for silver through the galvanic replacement process, but also provides a controlled‐release mechanism for silver, in this way improving biocompatibility, reducing inflammation, and stimulating bone growth. Notably, Ag─Ga suspensions can be conveniently deposited by spray‐coating on a range of devices and material surfaces, effectively eliminating pathogenic bacteria with efficacy comparable to that of silver ions. In vivo studies in rat models affirm the antibacterial capabilities, especially against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, when placed on implants such as titanium rods and magnesium discs. Furthermore, Ag─Ga promotes bone matrix formation and collagen growth without eliciting an inflammatory response, indicating a major promise for coatings on a wide variety of biomedical devices and materials.
Adaptive Gating Enhances Intelligent Membranes for Cellular Functions and Precise Separations
Authors: Zhang Mengchen , Xing Chao , Huang Jianan , Li Peishan , Jiang Long , Liu Lingfeng , Jia Jianbo , Zhang Xiwang , Zhang Shanqing , Liu Changyu
Published: November 2023

Intelligent membranes with adaptive gating channels play a crucial role in cellular functions and separation processes. This study introduces a novel approach to controlling channel expansion using biomimetic adaptive aggregates, fundamentally overcoming the drawbacks of existing methods relying on intertwined polyelectrolyte chains for channel blockage. Specifically, a pH‐responsive 2D material membrane is constructed through the self‐assembling of protein‐mimetic zwitterionic polydopamine (ZPDA) soft molecular aggregates within graphene oxide (GO) interlayers. Similar to the conformational switch of inserted proteins in cellular membranes, the embedded ZPDA in GO nanofluidic channels undergoes an adaptive conformational transformation in response to pH changes. This dynamic adjustment of ZPDA physicochemical properties allows for reversible regulation of GO nanofluidic channel size and charge by external pH modulation. The resulting GO/ZPDA membrane exhibits programmable separation performance for dye molecules (i.e., water permeance of 18.8–35.4 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 and molecular selectivity of 73.7–32.9) and salt ions (i.e., ionic permeance of 0.69–1.25 mol m−2 h−1 and ionic selectivity of 20.8–21.9). This work sheds new light on the engineering of intelligent stimuli‐responsive 2D nanofluidic channels with adaptive gating properties, holding promise across a wide range of applications including separation, drug delivery, sensing, and catalysis.
Large‐Area Growth of Ferroelectric 2D γ‐In2Se3 Semiconductor by Spray Pyrolysis for Next‐Generation Memory
Authors: Lim Taebin , Lee Jae Heon , Kim Donggyu , Bae Jinbaek , Jung Seungchae , Yang Sang Mo , Jang Joon I. , Jang Jin
Published: November 2023

In2Se3, 2D ferroelectric‐semiconductor, is a promising candidate for next‐generation memory device because of its outstanding electrical properties. However, the large‐area manufacturing of In2Se3 is still a big challenge. In this work, spray pyrolysis technique is introduced for the growth of large‐area In2Se3 thin film. A polycrystalline γ‐In2Se3 layer can be grown on 15 cm × 15 cm glasss at the substrate temperature of 275 °C. The In2Se3 ferroelectric‐semiconductor field effect transistor (FeS‐FET) on glass substrate demonstrates a large hysteresis window of 40.3 V at the ±40 V of gate voltage sweep and excellent uniformity. The FeS‐FET exhibits an electron field effect mobility of 0.97 cm2 V−1 s−1 and an on/off current ratio of >107 in the transfer curves. The memory behavior of the large‐area, In2Se3 FeS‐FETs for next‐generation memory is demonstrated.
Intensity Dependent Photoluminescence Imaging for In‐Line Quality Control of Perovskite Thin Film Processing
Authors: Hacene Benjamin , Laufer Felix , Ternes Simon , Farag Ahmed , Pappenberger Ronja , Fassl Paul , Moghadamzadeh Somayeh , Nejand Bahram Abdollahi , Feeney Thomas , Howard Ian , Paetzold Ulrich W.
Published: November 2023

Large area fabrication of high‐quality polycrystalline perovskite thin films remains one of the key challenges for the commercial readiness of perovskite photovoltaic (PV). To enable high‐throughput and high‐yield processing, reliable and fast in‐line characterization methods are required. The present work reports on a non‐invasive characterization technique based on intensity‐dependent photoluminescence (PL) imaging. The change in PL intensity as a function of excitation power density can be approximated by a power‐law with exponent k, which is a useful quality indicator for the perovskite layer, providing information about the relative magnitudes of radiative and non‐radiative recombination. By evaluating k‐parameter maps instead of more established PL intensity images, 2D information is obtained that is robust to optically induced artifacts such as intensity variations in excitation and reflection. Application to various half stacks of a perovskite solar cell showcase its ability to determine the importance of the interface between the charge transporting and perovskite layers. In addition, the k‐parameter correlates to the bulk passivation concentration, enabling rapid assessment of open‐circuit voltage variations in the range of 20 mV. Considering expected improvements in data acquisition speed, the presented k‐imaging method will possibly be obtained in real‐time, providing large‐area quality control in industrial‐scale perovskite PV production.
Digital Light Processing 3D‐Printed Multilayer Dielectric Elastomer Actuator for Vibrotactile Device
Authors: Huang Peiwen , Fu Hongbo , Tan Matthew Wei Ming , Jiang Yixuan , Lee Pooi See
Published: November 2023

Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) have emerged as promising components in the field of soft robotics. Multilayer DEAs can enhance the output performance compared to single‐layer DEAs, but the common layer‐by‐layer stacking methods are time‐consuming and likely susceptible to concerns about frequent dielectric breakdown. Herein, the one‐piece multilayer DEAs are directly fabricated via the digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing method, taking advantage of the precise and intricate printed structure. The study also focuses on the adjustable DLP printable resin formulation, aiming to achieve a DLP printed polyurethane acrylate (PUA)‐based dielectric elastomer (DE) material that exhibits desirable characteristics, such as an appropriate dielectric constant, modulus, and minimal hysteresis loss. The non‐pre‐stretch DLP‐printed cylindrical DEA demonstrates a significant blocked force of 270 mN and maintains 45% actuation performance at a frequency of 100 Hz, attributed to both the printed multilayer structure and the optimized formulation of the DE material. Moreover, the feasibility of DLP‐printed DEAs as vibrotactile devices is demonstrated. This work has advanced the development of rapid and efficient fabrication methods of multilayer DEAs using DLP printing, with enhanced force output and attractive applications in robotics and haptic interfaces.
A novel homozygous variant in ATL1 associated with early onset spastic paraplegia 3A: Further evidence for autosomal recessive inheritance
Authors: Darouich Sihem , Darouich Samia
Published: November 2023

Spastic paraplegia 3A (SPG3A) has long been considered as an autosomal dominant disorder till the report in 2014 and 2016 of two consanguineous Arabic families, showing that ATL1 mutations may cause autosomal recessive paraplegia. Here, a third report of a consanguineous Arabic family with recessive SPG3A is described. Exome sequencing reveals homozygosity for a novel likely pathogenic ATL1 splice donor variant (c.522+1G>T) in an affected 5‐year‐old infant whereas the parents, heterozygous carriers, are asymptomatic. The infant's phenotype is consistent with an early onset complicated SPG3A with severe progressive spasticity of the lower limbs and intellectual disability.
Family adaptation in families of individuals with Down syndrome from 12 countries
Authors: Van Riper Marcia , Knafl George J. , Knafl Kathleen A. , do Céu Barbieri‐Figueiredo Maria , Barnoy Sivia , Caples Maria , Choi Hyunkyung , Cosgrove Beth , Duarte Elysângela Dittz , Honda Junko , Marta Elena , Phetrasuwan Supapak , Alfieri Sara , Angelo Margareth , Deoisres Wannee , Fleming Louise , dos Santos Aline Soares , da Silva Maria João Rocha
Published: November 2023

Our current understanding of adaptation in families of individuals with Down syndrome (DS) is based primarily on findings from studies focused on participants from a single country. Guided by the Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment, and Adaptation, the purpose of this cross‐country investigation, which is part of a larger, mixed methods study, was twofold: (1) to compare family adaptation in 12 countries, and (2) to examine the relationships between family variables and family adaptation. The focus of this study is data collected in the 12 countries where at least 30 parents completed the survey. Descriptive statistics were generated, and mean family adaptation was modeled in terms of each predictor independently, controlling for an effect on covariates. A parsimonious composite model for mean family adaptation was adaptively generated. While there were cross‐country differences, standardized family adaptation mean scores fell within the average range for all 12 countries. Key components of the guiding framework (i.e., family demands, family appraisal, family resources, and family problem‐solving communication) were important predictors of family adaptation. More cross‐country studies, as well as longitudinal studies, are needed to fully understand how culture and social determinants of health influence family adaptation in families of individuals with DS.
Nitrene‐Mediated Enantioselective Intramolecular Olefin Oxyamination to Access Chiral γ‐Aminomethyl‐γ‐Lactones
Authors: Nie Xin , Ritter Clayton W. , Hemming Marcel , Ivlev Sergei I. , Xie Xiulan , Chen Shuming , Meggers Eric
Published: November 2023

Attaching a nitrene precursor to an intramolecular nucleophile allows for a catalytic asymmetric intramolecular oxyamination of alkenes in which the nucleophile adds in an endocyclic position and the amine in an exocyclic fashion. Using chiral‐at‐ruthenium catalysts, chiral γ‐aminomethyl‐γ‐lactones containing a quaternary carbon in γ‐position are provided in high yields (up to 99 %) and with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99 % ee). DFT calculations support the possibility of both a singlet (concerted oxyamination of the alkene) and triplet pathway (stepwise oxyamination) for the formation of the predominant stereoisomer. γ‐Aminomethyl‐γ‐lactones are versatile chiral building blocks and can be converted to other heterocycles such as δ‐lactams, 2‐oxazolidinones, and tetrahydrofurans.
Propofol‐induced myoclonus during maintenance of anaesthesia
Authors: Chao S. , Khan R. , Lieberman J. , Buren M.
Published: November 2023

Myoclonus is a known side effect of propofol and can interfere with surgery and possibly precipitate patient injury. Here, we report a 23‐year‐old patient undergoing an L5 osteoblastoma resection with a predominantly propofol‐based anaesthetic who developed intra‐operative myoclonus. Other adjuncts included ketamine, lidocaine and fentanyl infusions. The myoclonus did not improve after deepening the anaesthetic with propofol, opioid boluses or discontinuation of the lidocaine infusion. The myoclonus ceased after reducing the propofol infusion and increasing the ketamine and opioid infusions. The remainder of the intra‐operative course was uneventful. This report details our intra‐operative management of propofol‐induced cortical reflex myoclonus and discusses our institution's experience with treating this phenomenon.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward depression among physicians in Sudan
Authors: Mokhtar Ahmed Sohaib Mohammed , Mohamed Zain Elnazier Mohammed Ibrahim , Osman Osama Saeed
Published: November 2023

Objectives

The present study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of physicians in Sudan regarding depression.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted among physicians who practiced at public and private health facilities in Sudan in December of 2022. An online Google form questionnaire was administered that included knowledge, practice, and sociodemographic sections of the depression attitude questionnaire. The link to the questionnaire was sent to a convenience sample of physicians through a variety of methods including social media.

Results

A total of 407 physicians completed the questionnaire. The majority (81.1%) had no formal training on mental health after graduation. A total of 43.0% reported difficulties in differentiating between unhappiness and clinical depression, although 48.6% indicated that they could differentiate between chemical and psychological causes for depression. Half (50.4%) did not feel comfortable dealing with depressed patients. Nearly 70% indicated that psychotherapy was a better option for treating these patients than antidepressants, but only 45.7% had any mental health services at their health facility. Physicians with prior mental health training (both pre‐ and postgraduate training) were more likely to provide treatment options for depressed patients.

Conclusions

This study indicates a moderate knowledge among physicians about depression, but also significant concern regarding poor attitudes and practices held toward the treatment of depression, and a lack of training. These findings highlight the urgent need for the training of physicians in the diagnosis and treatment of depression in Sudan.
Survival benefit and biomarker of PD‐1 inhibitor combination therapy in first‐line of advanced biliary tract cancer: A retrospective study
Authors: Guo Jingyi , Zhou Qun , Zhou Mingzhen , Dai Hengheng , Li Lin , Qiu Yudong , Mao Liang , Liu Baorui , Shen Jie
Published: November 2023

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) combination therapies have shown promise in the first‐line treatment of advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC). However, the best partner remains to be validated. Moreover, progress on biomarkers predicting the efficacy of ICI in BTC is slow. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and investigate reliable predictive biomarkers of programmed cell death protein‐1 (PD‐1) antibody combination therapy in the first‐line treatment of advanced BTC.

Methods

Clinical data from patients with advanced BTC who received chemotherapy or anti‐PD‐1 combination therapy as first‐line were collected. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Biomarkers, including peripheral blood inflammation scores, genetic alterations, and tumor microenvironment were investigated.

Findings

Sixty‐four patients were recruited and divided into four treatment groups: chemotherapy, anti‐PD‐1 plus chemotherapy, anti‐PD‐1 plus targeted therapy, and triple group (anti‐PD‐1 plus chemotherapy and targeted therapy). The median OS was 7.9, 11.3, 12.8, and 28.7 months, respectively. Compared to chemotherapy, mOS significantly prolonged in the triple group (p = 0.031). It showed that patients with five different peripheral blood inflammation scores had significantly prolonged mOS (p < 0.05). Genetic testing results suggested that patients with poor survival all had TP53 mutations and higher levels of KRAS and ERBB2 mutations. Low FOXP3/CD8 ratio was associated with prolonged OS (p = 0.029). With CD4‐low, CD8‐high, CD56‐positive, CD163‐high, FOXP3‐high and MPO‐high in TME as one factor, we calculated PLUS score according to the number of factors. The high‐PLUS (>2) group showed significantly superior OS (p = 0.003).

Interpretation

First‐line anti‐PD‐1 combination therapy was superior to chemotherapy, and triple therapy significantly improved survival. Peripheral blood immune‐inflammation score, FOXP3/CD8 ratio, and PLUS have potential as biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of first‐line anti‐PD‐1 therapy in advanced BTC.
Telehealth follow‐up consultations for melanoma patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Patient and clinician satisfaction
Authors: Al‐Rikaby Ali , Sulaiman Ahmad , Thompson Jake R. , Saw Robyn P. M. , Boyle Frances , Taylor Nicole , Carlino Matteo S. , Morton Rachael L. , Nieweg Omgo E. , Thompson John F. , Bartula Iris
Published: November 2023

Introduction

The COVID‐19 pandemic caused rapid implementation of telehealth for melanoma follow‐up care in Australia. This study explores Australian melanoma patients and clinicians' level of satisfaction with telehealth.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted across three specialist melanoma centres in Sydney, Australia. Melanoma patients (all stages) and clinicians completed mixed methods surveys seeking socio‐demographic and clinical information and questionnaires to assess satisfaction with telehealth. Additionally, patients completed measures of quality of life, fear of cancer recurrence and trust in their oncologist. Patients and clinicians provided open‐ended responses to qualitative questions about their perceptions of telehealth.

Results

One hundred and fifteen patients and 13 clinicians responded to surveys. Telephone was used by 109 (95%) patients and 11 (85%) clinicians. Fifty‐seven (50%) patients and nine (69%) clinicians preferred face‐to‐face consultations, 38 (33%) patients and 3 (23%) clinicians preferred a combination of face‐to‐face and telehealth consultations. Five (4%) patients and nil clinicians preferred telehealth consultations. Patients diagnosed with early‐stage melanoma, using telehealth for the first time, who have lower trust in their oncologist, and having higher care delivery, communication and supportive care concerns were likely to report lower satisfaction with telehealth. Open‐ended responses were consistent between patients and clinicians, who reported safety, convenience and improved access to care as major benefits, while identifying personal, interpersonal, clinical and system‐related disadvantages.

Discussion

While telehealth has been widely implemented during COVID‐19, the benefits identified by patients and clinicians may extend past the pandemic. Telehealth may be considered for use in conjunction with face‐to‐face consultations to provide melanoma follow‐up care.
Quinones: Biosynthesis, Characterization of 13C Spectroscopical Data and Pharmacological Activities
Authors: Gomes de Carvalho Natália Kelly , Wellisson da Silva Mendes Johnatan , Martins da Costa José Galberto
Published: November 2023

Quinones are natural products widely distributed in nature, which are involved in stages of several vital biological processes, with mostly having a variety of pharmacological properties. The main groups comprising most of these compounds are benzoquinones, naphthoquinones, anthraquinones, and phenanthraquinones. Quinone isolation has been a focus of study around the world in recent years; for this reason, this study approaches the junction of natural quinones identified by 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analytical techniques. The methodology used to obtain the data collected articles from various databases on quinones from 2000 to 2022. As a result, 137 compounds were selected, among which 70 were characterized for the first time in the period investigated; moreover, the study also discusses the biosynthetic pathways of quinones and the pharmacological activities of the compounds found, giving an overview of the various applications of these compounds.
Extended Tetrathiafulvalenes with Fluoreno[3,2‐b]fluorene and Diindeno[1,2‐b : 1′,2′‐i]anthracene Cores
Authors: Granhøj Jeppe , Zalibera Michal , Malček Michal , Bliksted Roug Pedersen Viktor , Erbs Hillers‐Bendtsen Andreas , Mikkelsen Kurt V. , Rapta Peter , Brøndsted Nielsen Mogens
Published: November 2023

In one‐dimensional polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) containing five‐ and six‐membered rings fused together, one key question is whether the structures possess a quinoidal or aromatic diradical character. Here, we generate such PAHs by reversible oxidation of PAH‐extended tetrathiafulvalenes (TTFs). Extended TTFs were thus prepared and studied for their geometrical properties (crystallography), redox properties, and UV/Vis/NIR/EPR characteristics as a function of charge state. The EPR measurements of radical cations showed unique features for each PAH‐TTF. The dications, formally composed of fluoreno[3,2‐b]fluorene and diindeno[1,2‐b:1′,2′‐i]anthracene cores, were experimentally found to exhibit singlet ground states. For the latter, calculations reveal the closed shell, quinoid singlet state to be isoenergetic with the open shell singlet diradical. Each charge state exhibited unique optical properties with radical cations absorbing strongly in the NIR region with signatures from π‐dimers for the large core. The experimental results were paralleled and supported by detailed computations, including spin density distribution calculations, EPR simulations, and nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS) xy scans.
Cell Microencapsulation Within Engineered Hyaluronan Elastin‐Like Protein (HELP) Hydrogels
Authors: Hefferon Meghan E. , Huang Michelle S. , Liu Yueming , Navarro Renato S. , de Paiva Narciso Narelli , Zhang Daiyao , Aviles‐Rodriguez Giselle , Heilshorn Sarah C.
Published: November 2023

Three‐dimensional cell encapsulation has rendered itself a staple in the tissue engineering field. Using recombinantly engineered, biopolymer‐based hydrogels to encapsulate cells is especially promising due to the enhanced control and tunability it affords. Here, we describe in detail the synthesis of our hyaluronan (i.e., hyaluronic acid) and elastin‐like protein (HELP) hydrogel system. In addition to validating the efficacy of our synthetic process, we also demonstrate the modularity of the HELP system. Finally, we show that cells can be encapsulated within HELP gels over a range of stiffnesses, exhibit strong viability, and respond to stiffness cues. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Elastin‐like protein modification with hydrazine

Basic Protocol 2: Nuclear magnetic resonance quantification of elastin‐like protein modification with hydrazine

Basic Protocol 3: Hyaluronic acid–benzaldehyde synthesis

Basic Protocol 4: Nuclear magnetic resonance quantification of hyaluronic acid–benzaldehyde

Basic Protocol 5: 3D cell encapsulation in hyaluronan elastin‐like protein gels
Multi‐Attribute Method (MAM) Analytical Workflow for Biotherapeutic Protein Characterization from Process Development to QC
Authors: Millán‐Martín Silvia , Jakes Craig , Carillo Sara , Bones Jonathan
Published: November 2023

The multi‐attribute method (MAM) has emerged significantly in recent years to support biotherapeutic protein characterization from process development to the QC environment. MAM is a liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) based peptide mapping approach, which combines the benefits from liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution accurate mass mass spectrometry (LC‐HRAM MS), enabling direct assessment of protein sequence and product quality attributes with site specificity. These product quality attributes may impact efficacy, safety, stability, and process robustness. MAM is intended to replace conventional analytical approaches as it offers a more streamlined strategy for parallel monitoring of multiple attributes in a single analysis with high sensitivity and confidence, and ultimately supports more robust Quality by Design (QbD) approaches and faster decision cycles for biotherapeutic development. MAM consists of three main stages. The first stage is sample digestion, which typically entails proteolytic digestion of the protein. The second stage is reversed‐phase chromatographic separation of the generated peptides and detection by HRAM MS in two phases. During MAM Phase I (discovery phase), data‐dependent acquisition (DDA) MS/MS is performed to enable confident identification of peaks and development of a peptide workbook. During MAM Phase II (monitoring phase), full MS acquisition is only carried out for the monitoring of predefined product quality attributes (PQAs). The third stage is data processing, which entails analysis and reporting for each of the two phases including evaluation of sequence coverage, assessment of PQAs and peptide workbook creation during phase I, and targeted monitoring of predefined product attributes and new peak detection (NPD) during phase II. The latter is a comparative analysis that uses a base peak alignment algorithm to determine any non‐monitored differences between the LC‐MS chromatograms of a test sample and a reference standard. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: In‐solution sample digestion

Alternate Protocol: Automated sample digestion

Basic Protocol 2: Reversed‐phase chromatographic separation and detection by HRAM‐MS (RPLC‐HRAM MS)

Basic Protocol 3: Data processing and reporting
Association of cardiometabolic multimorbidity with motoric cognitive risk syndrome in older adults
Authors: Zhang Hui , Jiang Shuai , Hao Meng , Li Yi , Hu Zixin , Jiang Xiao‐Yan , Jin Li , Wang Xiaofeng
Published: November 2023

INTRODUCTION

Motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) is a predementia syndrome that is characterized by cognitive complaints and slow gait. Cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) is associated with an increased risk of dementia. However, the relationship between CMM and MCR is still unclear.

METHODS

We included 4744 participants (aged 65+ years) without MCR at baseline from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), who were followed‐up from 2011 to 2018. CMM was defined as the presence of two or more cardiometabolic diseases (including diabetes mellitus, heart disease, and stroke).

RESULTS

CMM was significantly associated with an increased risk of MCR (hazard ratio [HR] 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13–1.75) in fully adjusted models. Consistent results were observed from stratified analyses of different subgroups. Increasing numbers of cardiometabolic diseases were dose‐dependently associated with increased MCR risk (HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.20–1.48).

DISCUSSION

CMM is associated with an increased risk of MCR in older adults.

HIGHLIGHTS

Motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) is a predementia syndrome characterized by slow gait speed and cognitive complaints.

Cardiometabolic multimorbidity was associated with an increased MCR risk.

An increased number of cardiometabolic diseases were dose‐dependently associated with increased MCR risk.
The PIG‐A gene mutation assay in human biomonitoring and disease
Authors: Lawrence Rachel , Munn Kathryn , Naser Hamsa , Thomas Laura , Haboubi Hasan , Williams Lisa , Doak Shareen , Jenkins Gareth
Published: November 2023

The blood cell phosphatidylinositol glycan class A (PIG‐A) gene mutation assay has been extensively researched in rodents for in vivo mutagenicity testing and is now being investigated in humans. The PIG‐A gene is involved in glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐anchor biosynthesis. A single mutation in this X‐linked gene can lead to loss of membrane‐bound GPI anchors, which can be enumerated via corresponding GPI‐anchored proteins (e.g., CD55) using flow cytometry. The studies published to date by different research groups demonstrate a remarkable consistency in PIG‐A mutant frequencies. Moreover, with the low background level of mutant erythrocytes in healthy subjects (2.9–5.56 × 10−6 mutants), induction of mutation post genotoxic exposure can be detected. Cigarette smoking, radiotherapy, and occupational exposures, including lead, have been shown to increase mutant levels. Future applications of this test include identifying new harmful agents and establishing new exposure limits. This mutational monitoring approach may also identify individuals at higher risk of cancer development. In addition, identifying protective agents that could mitigate these effects may reduce baseline somatic mutation levels and such behaviors can be encouraged. Further technological progress is required including establishing underlying mechanisms of GPI anchor loss, protocol standardization, and the development of cryopreservation methods to improve GPI‐anchor stability over time. If successful, this assay has the potential be widely employed, for example, in rural and low‐income countries. Here, we review the current literature on PIG‐A mutation in humans and discuss the potential role of this assay in human biomonitoring and disease detection.
Electroencephalogram changes over time in zolpidem withdrawal seizure: A case study
Authors: Sasaki Ryota , Osugi Nahomi , Nakagawa Ichiro
Published: November 2023

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The assessment of the knowledge and practices of healthcare providers regarding paroxysmal non‐epileptic events (PNES) in children: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Gündüz Mehmet , Gündüz Bahar Öztelcan , Tubas Filiz , Dulkadir Ramazan , Çakır Bahar Çuhacı , Çamurdan Aysu Duyan , Ceylan Nesrin
Published: November 2023

Objective

Paroxysmal non‐epileptic events (PNEs) are a group of disorders that may be misdiagnosed as epilepsy. This study has aimed to assess the knowledge and practices of family physicians and pediatricians regarding the diagnosis, treatment, and follow‐up of PNEs in children.

Methods

The study was designed as a prospective cross‐sectional study that was conducted between March 1, 2022, and June 1, 2022, by reaching pediatric specialists and assistants, family physicians, subspecialty assistants, and subspecialists using a Google questionnaire. The survey consists of 26 questions. The questionnaire used by the researchers was prepared in accordance with the literature search and it included detailed questions on the diagnosis, treatment, and differential diagnosis of PNEs.

Results

A total of 37.3% worked as specialists. Most of the participants (41.3%) have worked in training and research hospitals, and 44.3% have been physicians for 6–10 years. The mean and standard deviation for the total score were 10.1 ± 2.6. The scores of family physicians were statistically lower than those of specialists, subspecialty assistants, and subspecialists. A total of 67.2% left the decision of whether the patient should stop taking their medication to another clinician. 45% of the doctors said that they were uncomfortable with the diagnosis.

Significance

The study findings emphasized the significant knowledge gap among healthcare providers regarding PNEs in children, highlighting the need for targeted educational interventions to improve their understanding and diagnostic skills in this area.
Cost estimation and performance evaluation of 3D printed membranes for vanadium redox flow batteries
Authors: Thiam Baye Gueye , El Magri Anouar , Vaudreuil Sébastien
Published: November 2023

The membrane is a central component in the commercialization of vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB), with Nafion being the preferred material for those membranes. Nafion suffers however from high vanadium crossover and high cost, thus limiting its wider commercial application in VRFB. To address this, studies have focused on sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SPEEK) as an alternative material. This work presents an economic study on the production costs of 3D printed SPEEK (3D‐SPEEK) membranes for VRFB, with multiple production scenarios evaluated. This analysis relies on the performances of 3D‐SPEEK membranes prepared in our laboratory, which have shown higher Coulombic efficiency and lower vanadium ions diffusion than Nafion membranes. Results from the economic analysis revealed that the cost of the 3D‐SPEEK membrane varies from 567.77 to 79.35 €/m2 depending on the production scheme and scale used. Production costs lower than commercial Nafion membranes are achieved when a large production scheme is used. Further analysis shows that 3D‐SPEEK membranes might even be cheaper than conventional SPEEK membranes if their printing time is reduced.
A new combination in Ceropegia L. (Apocynaceae)
Authors: Kumar Anant
Published: November 2023

A new combination, Ceropegia ananthagiriensis, is proposed here based on Brachystelma ananthagiriense (Apocynaceae).
Drying of Tarhana dough by Refractance Window™ technology under vacuum/atmospheric conditions: Characterization of physical and quality parameters
Authors: Bardakçi Merve Seçil , Karacabey Erkan
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to produce dried tarhana using a refractance window drying (RWD) system. The drying process was also carried out under vacuum; the current study is the first in the literature. Using different heating mediums, the maximum temperature can be adjusted to a level above that used in RWD studies. Considering results, process time savings in RWD were over 85% and 75% compared to control groups (oven and hot air dryer), respectively. Tarhana samples dried in RWD were also faster (50%) under vacuum conditions than atmospheric ones. The highest preservation of total phenolic content (TPC) and total antioxidant activity (TAA) was for samples dried by RWD at 110°C under atmospheric conditions. Techno‐physical properties were better than the control group. The rheological behavior of tarhana soups was similar to pseudoplastic flow behavior and well defined by the Power law and Herschel–Bulkey models. In conclusion, RWD can be a promising technique for tarhana production.
Who makes health governance decisions at the local level? A cross sectional study from primary health facilities in Tanzania
Authors: Kesale Anosisye M. , Kinyaga Ally , Mwakasangula Eliza , Mollel Henry , Rashid Seif S.
Published: November 2023

Background and Aims

Lower‐ and middle‐income countries have decentralized decision‐making at the community level, as well as community governance structures, to encourage community participation in governance processes, particularly in primary healthcare (PHC). In Tanzania, decentralization resulted in the establishment of Health Facility Governing Committees (HFGCs) to encourage community participation in the governance of primary health facilities to improve the quality and responsiveness of health service delivery. Nonetheless, despite the presence of HFGCs, PHC delivery remains ineffective and of poor quality. It is unclear who makes governance decisions at PHC facilities to ensure that services delivered are of expected quality and respond the community's needs, tastes, and preferences. This paper aims to assess the perspectives of members of the HFGC on who make governance decision in the context of fiscal decentralization.

Design and Methods

A cross‐section design was used to collect both quantitative and qualitative data. A four‐multistage sampling technique was adopted to selects regions, council, health facilities, and HFGC members. Respondents who participated in structured questionnaire responses were chosen using proportional sampling, whereas those who participated in in‐depth interviews and Focus Group Discussions were chosen using purposive selection. The data was analyzed descriptively and thematically.

Results

The study revealed that HFGCs members perceive that governance decisions in primary health facilities are primarily made by the health facility management, and later are presented in HFGCs. As such, HFGCs are used a passively used to justify participation in decision that was already made by the management, which contradict with the principal of decentralization that emphasizes community participation on fiscal decisions.

Conclusion

Decentralization of PHC facilities does not guarantee the participation of community members in fiscal decision of their respective primary health facilities through HFGCs. HFGC is passively used governance structure to substitute community participation in primary health facilities' fiscal decisions. Enforcement mechanisms are required to facilitate effective community participation.
Challenges for influencing exclusive breastfeeding practice among lactating mothers with infants aged 0–6 months in Borama District, Somaliland: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hassan Mohamed Said , Hossain Md. Moyazzem
Published: November 2023

Background and Aims

Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) has been demonstrated to have positive effects on a child's survival, growth, and development, as well as a mother's health and well‐being. The authors aim to examine the barriers to EBF among lactating mothers in Borama town, Somaliland, with infants aged <6 months.

Methods

The authors collected primary data on a sample of 153 lactating mothers in Borama town, Somaliland, for this study. This study used descriptive statistics with frequencies and percentages. Moreover, the multivariable logistic regression model is applied to analyze the data.

Results

Findings revealed that about 28.1% of mothers pointed out that breastfeeding should be the baby's first meal. Surprisingly, 69.3% of the women were unaware that 6 months of EBF may keep a baby healthy. Results depict that EBF was influenced by lack of education (AOR: 0.013; 95% Cl: 0.001, 0.124), marital status (AOR: 0.40; 95% Cl: 0.004, 0.427), employed mothers (AOR: 0.070; 95% Cl: 0.043, 0.94), mothers perception of milk quantity (AOR: 0.033; 95% Cl: 0.001, 0.124), and perceived rejection to breastfeeding by the baby (AOR: 0.043; 95% Cl: 0.021, 0.134). Mothers who had no formal education or a primary level of education have less chance of practicing EBF than higher‐educated mothers.

Conclusions

It is observed that the educational level of mothers, marital status (widow), employed mother, perceived insufficient milk, and the perceived rejection of breastfeeding by the baby are the major challenges for enhancing the EBF practice. The authors suggested that the Ministry of Health examine how effectively breastfeeding counseling is implemented in medical facilities. Moreover, the authors suggest that the government, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and community associations collaboratively plan and carry out suitable programs focusing on vulnerable groups.
Improving access to safe, quality surgical care for gynecologic cancers through capacity‐building interventions in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A scoping review
Authors: Hill Sarah K. , Bempong‐Ahun Nefti , Okolo Isioma Dianne , Lalla Amber Trujillo , Worku Dawit , Asres Tadios , Philpotts Lisa , Fallah Parisa N. , Varallo John , Corlew Scott , Kamfwa Paul , Parham Groesbeck P. , Hicks Michael L. , Ibbotson Geoffrey , Randall Thomas
Published: November 2023

Background

Following the launch of the World Health Organization's Strategy to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer, diagnosis is expected to increase, especially in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). A well‐integrated surgical system is critical to treat cervical cancer. Two major approaches have been employed to build human capacity: task‐sharing and training of gynecologic oncologists (GynOncs).

Objectives

This review aimed to explore existing literature on capacity‐building for surgical management of early‐stage gynecologic cancers.

Search Strategy

The search strategy was registered on Open Science Framework (doi 10.17605/OSF.IO/GTRCB) and conducted on OVID Medline, Embase, Global Index Medicus, and Web of Science. Search results were exported and screened in COVIDENCE.

Selection Criteria

Studies published in English, Spanish, French, and/or Portuguese conducted in LMIC settings evaluating capacity building, task‐sharing, or outcomes following operation by subspecialists compared to specialists were included.

Data Collection and Analysis

Results were synthesized using narrative synthesis approach with emergence of key themes by frequency.

Main Results

The scoping review identified 18 studies spanning our themes of interest: capacity building, subspecialized versus non‐subspecialized care, and task‐shifting/−sharing.

Conclusions

A multilayered approach is critical to achieve the WHO Strategy to Eliminate Cervical Cancer. Capacity‐building and task‐sharing programs demonstrate encouraging results to meet this need; nevertheless, a standardized methodology is needed to evaluate these programs, their outcomes, and cost‐effectiveness.