bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rankings Universitários Internacionais: evidências de vieses geográficas e orçamentárias para intuições brasileiras
Authors: Cabello Andrea Felippe , Imbroisi Denise , Falqueto Junia Maria Zandonade , Ferreira Guilherme Viana , Arruda June Alves de
Published: December 2019

Este artigo analisa a classificação de instituições brasileiras de ensino superior em dois dos principais rankings internacionais de universidades: o QS World University Ranking e o The Times Higher Education (THE). Para isso, foram avaliadas as restrições metodológicas e como essas restrições afetaram a classificação das universidades do país nesses rankings. Entre 2016 e 2019, 38 brasileiras foram classificadas no QS e no THE, em sua versão global. Devido a restrições metodológicas, a classificação das instituições brasileiras assumiu a característica de patamares, variando de 3 a 5 patamares. Denota-se que a classificação de uma instituição em um patamar mais alto depende de sua proximidade com um mercado de trabalho dinâmico e um orçamento maior, indicando a dificuldade dos rankings de diferenciar de fato qualidade além dessas duas dimensões.
Formando médicos: a qualidade em questão
Authors: Balzan Newton Cesar , Wandercil Marco
Published: December 2019

Professores e estudantes fazem severas críticas aos cursos de Medicina. Elas envolvem de simples atividades laboratoriais aos cuidados dos pacientes. O trabalho tem como objetivo discutir a qualidade vigente na formação médica e apresentar alternativas metodológicas à educação na área correspondente. Tomou-se como referência rankings nacionais e internacionais, exames de avaliação de desempenho e de competências médicas estadual, nacional e internacional. Na análise dos dados estatísticos utilizou-se de informações consideradas como as mais relevantes da bibliografia disponível. A expansão dos cursos de Medicina, o consequente aumento da oferta de vagas, as interfaces de políticas públicas e as Instituições de Ensino Superior mereceram destaque, assim como a oferta de novas metodologias de ensino disponíveis, como o Problem Based Learning (PBL). A formação do futuro médico, vista no atual contexto sociocultural do país, aponta para necessidade de mudanças no processo da graduação em Medicina.
Por uma gestão mais democrática na educação: contribuições de uma formação a distância para atuação profissional de seus egressos
Authors: Ramos Daniela Karine , Ribeiro Fabiana Lopes
Published: December 2019

Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar as contribuições de um curso de extensão a distância na atuação profissional dos seus egressos no que diz respeito às ações de implantação e/ou fortalecimento dos Conselhos Escolares. Para tanto, realizou-se um levantamento de campo com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, por meio da aplicação de um questionário, o que resultou na análise das respostas de 1143 participantes. Os resultados evidenciaram que 64% dos cursistas colocaram em prática ações planejadas durante o curso e aqueles que realizaram as ações perceberam melhor aproveitamento do curso e maior aprendizagem. A partir disso, reforça-se a importância de políticas e ações de formação continuada que prezem pela relação entre teoria e prática para melhoria da qualidade da educação.
TÜRKİYE’DE DÖVİZ KURU, ENFLASYON VE FAİZ ORANLARININ ETKİLEŞİMİ
Authors: YENİCE Sedat , YENİSU Ersin
Published: December 2019

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı Türkiye’nin başlıca finansal makro ekonomik göstergeleri arasındaki ilişkileri ampirik olarak test etmektir. Diğer bir deyişle döviz kurundan enflasyon ile faiz oranına geçiş etkisi ve enflasyonla faiz oranı arasında ilişki olup olmadığı incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda 2003 Ocak ile 2018 Nisan dönemleri arasında Türkiye’deki döviz kuru, enflasyon ve faiz oranlarının aylık ortalama verileri analizde kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada yöntem olarak ARDL sınır testi yaklaşımı ile eşbütünleşme analizi yapılmış daha sonra ise Toda–Yamamoto testi ile nedensellik analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre Türkiye’de döviz kurundan enflasyon ve faiz oranına doğru tek yönlü nedensellik olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre döviz kurundan faiz oranı ve enflasyona doğru geçiş etkisi işlemektedir. Diğer taraftan bulgulara göre enflasyon ile faiz oranı arasında eşbütünleşme ilişkisi tespit edilmiş ve Türkiye’de Fisher hipotezinin doğrulandığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
M. AVEZOV’UN «ABAY YOLU» ROMANINDAKİ İSİM YÜKLEMLİ CÜMLELERİN KULLANILIŞ BİÇİMLERİ
Authors: ALTINKAYNAK Erdoğan , BORİBAYEVA Safura , SMAGULOVA Aygerim
Published: December 2019

ÖZ
Çalışmada, Kazak Türkçesindeki isim cümleleri (isim yüklemli cümleler) M. Avezov’un “Abay Yolu” romanı ışığında incelenmiştir. Fiil yüklemli cümlelerden farklılıkları ortaya konularak isim cümlelerinin iletişimsel kullanımına açıklık getirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmada elde edilen veriler tablo halinde gösterilmiştir.
Kazak Dil Biliminin ortaya çıkması ve tarihi gelişiminde çok sayıda sözdizimi uzmanları ve bazı genç araştırmacılar basit ve birleşik cümlelerin çeşitlerini, birbirlerinden farklılıklarını, iç açıdan anlam, dış açıdan kuruluş özelliklerini geniş bir biçimde araştırmışlardır.
Bunlara rağmen günümüzde cümle çeşitlerinin dilimizde mevcut olan, fakat ilmi açıdan daha araştırılmamış türleri, araştırma alanı içine dahil edilmeye başlamıştır. Bunun yanı sıra cümlenin kuruluş özellikleri, sözcük türlerinin ona doğrudan etkisi, onun cümle anlamına tesiri de ele alınan meseleler içindedir. Günümüzdeki Dil biliminin gelişme durumunda dil düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkileri açığa kavuşturmak, Kazak Dilinin gramer yapısındaki önemli yönlerden biri olarak sayılmaktadır.
Türk Dil biliminde ilk olarak A. P. Potseluevskiy, Kazak Dil biliminde ise M.Balakayev tarafından Kazak dilindeki isim cümleler incelenerek, onların fiil cümlelerinden farklılıkları gösterilmiştir. Çalışmada özellikle Muhtar Avezov’un “Abay Yolu” romanının birinci (1942) ve ikinci (1961) baskısında geçen cümlelerin karşılaştırmalarına yer verilmiştir. Birinci baskıda ortaya çıkan fiil cümlelerinin ikinci baskıda isim cümleleriyle değiştirilme nedenini yazar, iletişimsel ve pragmatik işlevi yerine getirirken düşünceyi sadece özlü ve doğru olarak ifade etmenin yanı sıra metnin anlamını güçlendirmek için yapılmıştır diye belirtir. Ayrıca makalede, Kazak edebiyatının klasik yazarı M.O. Avezov’un “Abay Yolu” romanındaki isim cümleleri, onların türleri, kullanılış özellikleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Özellikle çeşitli isim cümlelerinin yazar tarafından kullanılış şekilleri ve onların kuruluş özellikleri incelenmiştir.
Sample Preparation for Amplicon Sequencing v1
Authors: Székely Anna , Vass Máté
Published: December 2019

Preparation of PCR products for amplicon sequencing
Flex-T™ Tetramer and Cell Staining Protocol v3
Authors: Li Sam
Published: December 2019

Using UV-induced peptide exchange, MHC/peptide monomers can be generated with conditional Flex-T™ monomers that harbor peptides of interest in their binding grooves. These new MHC monomers are subsequently multimerized using streptavidin-fluorophore conjugates. The resulting Flex-T™ reagents can be used for staining antigen-specific T cells and flow cytometric analysis. In humans, the MHC molecules are called HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen).
To the question of the modern condition of the diasporic languages of the Krasnoyarsk region
Authors: Belykh Igor  Nikolaevich
Published: December 2019

The article examines the current state of the diasporic languages of the Krasnoyarsk Region and the problem of their extinction which actualizes the study of these idioms as linguistic and ecological objects. Comparing the dynamics of representatives of the most numerous non-indigenous nationalities of the region and the proportion of persons owning these languages, from 2002 to 2010, the author focuses on the fact that the number of speakers of most minor languages is steadily decreasing. Based on the data presented in the official publication of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census, it was calculated first the percentage of own language of its own ethnic group by non-indigenous people of numerous nationalities of the Krasnoyarsk Region and secondly the percentage of non-indigenous people who indicated the language of their ethnic group as their mother tongue. It is revealed that the highest rates are observed among representatives of nationalities with a significant share of growth since 2002 (Uzbeks, Tajiks, Kyrgyz). These indicators are explained by a short time interval of assimilation processes affecting these ethnic groups. The percentage of representatives who indicated the language of their own ethnos as their own, as a rule, exceeds the percentage of those who speak this language, but the exception is made up of representatives of some old-timed diasporas (Ukrainians, Germans and Belarusians).
The language game in titles in popular scientific publications (on the material of texts of modern russian scientists-popularists)
Authors: Podberezkina Liliya Zufarovna
Published: December 2019

This article deals with the use of language game peculiarities in the genre of contents of popular scientific publications, which's authors cares about demonstrate text’s fascination for a non-expert reader at the stage of preliminary acquaintance with the text. It has been shown that in recent years in conditions of reached on new type of recipient, in popular scientific publicationsare used different kinds of stylistic devices and expressive means, which reinforce artistic part of the text on different stratums of the text. One of the most effective devices using in the headings of chapters and paragraphs is language game which helps to interest a reader in reading a text. This research made on the material of 250 book’s titles with different subjects written byRussian popularizing scientists.
The authors identify and describe functions of language game in the contents of popular scientific publications which provide: the establishment of the atmosphere of normal communication with reader; drawing attention to a headline; creating interest in the subsequent reading of the text, demonstrating of its availability to the addressee. Identified a lot of creative techniques in headlines among which is: transformation of the text with preservation of its recognition; using of metaphor including extended metaphor; language game based on rhetorical questions; language game based on simile; principle of demetaphorization; punning rethinking of usual words; playing on meaning of usual word; using of chiasmus and ect.
The use of linguistic devices of language game and frequency of it using in titles are shown, as well as linguistic creativity potential and mechanisms of its action describes. It demonstrated that deviations from the linguistic standards, made by language game in contents, alters the attitude of reader towards the text which doesn’t treats as difficult and starts to arouse the interest.
Russian language as a factor of national security: linguecological and linguoaxiological analysis of urban epigraphy (by material of the far eastern region)
Authors: Mikhailyukova Natalia Vladimirovna
Published: December 2019

The article is devoted to the analysis of urban epigraphy (signs, advertising posters, stickers, etc.) in the aspect of linguoecology and linguoaxiology. Minor written genres of modern urban advertising are considered in the context of information and psychological war. Signs, advertising posters, stickers and bills of Vladivostok (about 4000 texts) served as a material for research. The choice of object for research is due to the fact that the urban environment texts form and reflect the national and cultural consciousness of citizens, have a powerful effect on an addressee, thus, this linguistic material represents the value picture of the world of modern Russians. The article identifies destructive processes in the national language which are represented in the communicative space of a modern city. Speech technologies are described that destroy the nation’s culturally-conditioned core and pose a threat to state security. The language situation in the city is as follows:1) a change in the social base of the Russian language native speakers and the associated change in the Russian language itself; 2) an expansion of the English language and foreign cultural patterns of behavior and lifestyle; 3) a high prestige of the English language and, as a result, a decline in prestige and narrowing of the sphere of functioning of the Russian language; 4) filling language space with jargon and obscene words; 5) growth of speech aggression in public communication; 6) manifestation of signs indicating restructuring of an axiological worldview (perhaps, simplification of thinking) in the Russian language system; 7) de-intellectualization of speech. We consider the following facts to be a manifestation of speech aggression in the city’s communicative space: a) texts written in full (or almost) in a foreign language without translation into Russian; b) vulgarization of minor written genres; c) dominance of print advertising on city streets; d) an increase in lexical units of different types with “aggressive” semantics.
Comparison Of Modeling Schemes for Natural Course Of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Avilov K.K. , Romanyukha A.A. , Belilovsky E.M. , Borisov S.E.
Published: December 2019

In construction of mathematical models of propagation and control of pulmonary tuberculosis, presence or absence of bacterioexcretion is often used as the marker of disease severity. There are two major schemes of modeling for natural corse of tuberculosis. The first one is so called parallel scheme, the more frequently used, which assumes that a fraction of incident cases develops bacterioexcretion rapidly and retains it till the end of the disease. The second one is serial scheme, the less often used one, which assumes that tuberculosis always starts without bactrioexcretion, and then a fraction of cases progresses to the bacterioexcretion stage. In this article, we compare these two modeling schemes on the basis of their fit to the real data from Moscow city, 2013-2018, which contain information on time and results of the last fluorography examination of the detected tuberculosis cases and their health condition at the moment of detection. Such data limit the possible duration of the disease, and, thus, permit an estimation of the dynamics of progression to bacterioexcretion for untreated tuberculosis. We have developed an agent-based model with realistic profiles of mortality and undergoing fluorography examinations and with an analog of the traditional compartmental model of natural history of tuberculosis on the basis of ordinary differential equations. On the basis of computational experiments with the model, the serial modelling scheme turned out to be closer to reality. On the other hand, due to the bad fit to the real data, we concluded that both the detection submodel and the submodel of natural course of pulmonary tuberculosis should be redesigned.
BIBLE TOPICS IN THE HISTORICAL PROSE OF UKRAINIAN EMIGRATION
Authors: Nabytovych Ihor
Published: December 2019

In the article there are summarized innovative approaches to artistic mastering of Bible topics in creative work of Ukrainian emigration writers of 1920th – 1970th: Natalena Koroleva, Leonid Mosendz and V. Domontovych (Victor Petrov).

Ukrainian tradition of mastering Bible topics was interrupted by Russian occupation; it finds its bright artistic embodiment in artistic historical prose of Ukrainian emigration. This artistic experience enriches Ukrainian writing by mastering of Bible topics and motives via Bible stylizations, renaissance or creation of newly created new genre formations, contaminations of religious and historiosophical problems, searches of new narrative strategies of artistic mastering of the Holy Scripture.

The article traces the way biblical stylizations become a style-forming means in the Ukrainian prose of the XX century. Historical novels Quid est Veritas?(What is the Truth?) by Natalena Koroleva and The Last Prophet by Leonid Mosendz are the basic works of fiction wherein they, playing forming roles, become an important element in poetic language and style.

The way L. Mosendz uses bible stylizations in his novel The Last Prophet results in a special art amplification. The author conditionally expands his text’s sense by dint of bible stylizations and his allusive returning to the semiotic-semantic significance of the “base-text”. As the latter is the Bible (or, rather, the Old Testament), generating the said allusive amplifications, Mosendz’ novel, thus, sounds in several creative aspects. One of them is “filling up” the gaps in evangelical texts about John the Baptist’s life. Such “fillings up” occur both through the author’s fiction and his artistic reconstruction based on historical sources.

The transformed and adsorbed through bible stylizations elements of neoclassicism and neo-romanticism create in the stylistic palette of novel Quid est Veritas? that unique stylistic aura, which represents Natalena Koroleva’s experimentalist attempts both in the genre field (her attempt to create a Ukrainian historical epopee representing the epoch historically very remote from the artist) and in the stylistic domain. One more specific feature of Koroleva’s novel – its epic character – is also created by help of bible stylizations.

The allocation of the said stylistic macrostructures enables to present the general exhibitions of each of the author’s basic idiostyle elements.
Mechanism of legal regulation and criminal legal impact: the ratio of doctrinal and practicaland implementation principles
Authors: Avdeev Vadim Avdeevich , Avdeeva Olga Anatolievna
Published: December 2019

The subject of the research is the mechanism of criminal law regulation, taking into account international life implemented in the context of globalization and increasing the efficiency of the criminal law policy of the Russian Federation.

The purpose of the study is to disclose the content, structural elements and stages of the mechanism of criminal law regulation. Attention focuses on the effectiveness of the mechanism of criminal law regulation, the methodological basis of which is formed by a combination of legal regulation on the basis of the doctrinal principles of law and practice and implementation activities.

The main results of the research reflect the problems of implementation of the mechanism of criminal law regulation at the legislative and law enforcement levels. Conclusions are formulated regarding the structural elements and key stages of the implementation of the mechanism of criminal law regulation, including the scientific rationale for criminalization (decriminalization) and penalization (depenalization).

Scientific and practical substantiation of criminal law policy and legislative processes, optimization of the implementation of criminal law are noted as a fundamental direction.
About individual aspects of the development of the institution of punishment in the criminal code of RSFSR 1960
Authors: Rozenko Stanislav Vasilyevich
Published: December 2019

The article analyzes the conceptual aspects of the development of the institution of criminal punishment established by the Criminal code of the RSFSR in 1960 as a criminal act of the Soviet state, which formulated a new content of the institution of punishment based on the principles of Soviet law. Fixing in the Criminal code of the RSFSR of 1960 of punishment is a consequence of final refusal of measures of social protection in the Soviet criminal law. Punishment was defined not only as punishment for the committed crime, but also pursued the purposes of correction and re-education of convicts in the spirit of honest attitude to work, accurate execution of laws, respect for the rules of socialist community, as well as prevention of committing new crimes by both convicts and other persons. In the criminal code of the RSFSR was established a systematic list of types of criminal penalties; defined the rules of sentencing and release from punishment. This systematization of the measures of criminal repression used by the Soviet state was carried out in the form of outlining the types of punishments from the most severe to the milder, some of which were borrowed from other branches of law.
Agent-based model the urban dynamics using gis-technology
Authors: Semenov Sergey Petrovich , Slavsky Viktor Vladimirovich , Tashkin Artyom Olegovich
Published: December 2019

The aim of the work is to develop a computer model of the dynamics of the city, using combined technologies: agent approach, methods of system dynamics and GIS technologies. The computer model can be used as a tool to support decision-making in the management of urban systems. The conceptual model of the city dynamics and the technology of its implementation in AnyLogic environment are presented, as well as the study of the impact of changes in the level of comfort of areas on the dynamics of the city population.
Desing of optical chemosensors for detection of cyanide ions in water environments
Authors: Kudrevatykh Alexandra Alexandrovna , Klimenko Lyubov Stepanovna , Martyanov Timofey Petrovich
Published: December 2019

Molecular interactions with various anions in the form of tetrabutylammonium salts in DMSO and DMSO-aqueous mixture were studied spectrophotometrically. It turned out that the solutions of 1-hydroxy-2-acylaminoanthraquinones in DMSO, originally yellow, became dark purple with the addition of cyanide, fluoride, phosphate, and acetate ions. The addition of other salts did not cause changes in the absorption spectra. When switching to aqueous DMSO, a contrasting color change in the solution was observed only with the addition of the cyanide ion. The stability constants of the complexes and the metrological characteristics of the processes were determined. On the basis of 1hydroxy-2-benzoylaminoanthraquinone, colorimetric test strips were made and tested for the detection of CN-ions in an aqueous medium.
¿Cómo cambian las emociones en docentes en formación inicial hacia la asignatura Didáctica de Ciencias de la Naturaleza I con un proyecto de indagación de aula?
Authors: Alvarado Diego Armando Retana , De las Heras Pérez María Ángeles , Vázquez-Bernal Bartolomé , Jiménez-Pérez Roque
Published: December 2019

Este estudio longitudinal describe el cambio en las emociones de futuros maestros hacia una asignatura de didáctica de las ciencias del Grado de Maestro de Educación Primaria de la Universidad de Huelva, con una intervención indagatoria, durante el curso 2016-2017. Participaron 54 estudiantes quienes respondieron un cuestionario de escala tipo Likert en el que manifestaron su grado de intensidad sobre la experimentación de siete emociones positivas y siete emociones negativas; antes, durante y después de la indagación. Se llevó a cabo un análisis descriptivo y análisis inferencial mediante prueba no paramétrica H de Kruskal-Wallis para estimar las diferencias. Las emociones positivas alcanzaron las intensidades más altas en toda la intervención. Se establecen diferencias significativas en todas las variables en función del momento. Los resultados sugieren un cambio favorable al incremento de las emociones positivas y la disminución de las emociones negativas en el transcurso de la asignatura. El cambio es causado por la integración de la educación emocional, facilitado por la formadora quien transfiere emociones positivas inmersas en el conocimiento didáctico del contenido.
La evolución en una serie temporal de libros de texto (1945-2016): Cambios en la metodología y en la presencia de concepciones alternativas
Authors: Pastor Pastor Alejandro , Limiñana Morcillo Rubén
Published: December 2019

Se analizó el tema de evolución en una serie de libros de texto desde 1945 hasta 2016 con el fin de evaluar la presencia de ideas espontáneas y los cambios producidos en cómo se presenta la información. Discutimos si existe una tendencia relacionada con el modelo educativo. Los principales resultados son: Se ha producido un aumento en el contenido en historia del pensamiento evolutivo, número de actividades y número de figuras que podría estar relacionado con cambios en la metodología. Pese a ello, la presencia de ideas espontáneas se mantiene y son pocos los intentos detectados por que se produzca una confrontación con ellas. Por ello no parece que haya posibilidad de que se produzca un cambio conceptual significativo, ya que no se cumple la condición necesaria de "insatisfacción con la conceptualización existente”.
Economic Implications of Marketing Structure of Banana and Plantain Fruits for the Development of Rural Communities in Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Ebere Obetta Angela , Chukwuemeka Obetta K , Ifeyinwa Achike Anthonia
Published: December 2019

There is increase in the level of purchase and consumption of banana and plantain due to their nutritional requirements. This led to increase in the number of market dealers on banana and plantain. Therefore, the study assessed the marketing channel and structure of banana and plantain in Enugu State, Nigeria. Adopting a descriptive survey design, copies of the instrument were administered to 160 banana and plantain sellers. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Gini co-efficient. The results showed that majority of the respondents were married females who attained primary education. Majority of the wholesalers obtained their products directly from farmers while 71.80% of the retailers obtained from the wholesalers. The results of the Gini co-efficient for banana and plantain sellers showed low levels of inequitable distribution of income among them. However, inequalities existed more at retail level than at the wholesale level. Recommendations included that international donor should provide links between prospective banana and plantain farmers, policy makers and researchers to identify and analyze new ways of encouraging the market for mutual co-operation and structure for an effective banana and plantain marketing system.
Глобальные вызовы и угрозы развития аграрного сектора России
Authors: Лясников Н.В. , Романова Ю.А.
Published: December 2019

В настоящей статье рассматриваются глобальные вызовы и угрозы развития аграрного сектора России. В статье представлен анализ технологических сдвигов в мировом аграрном секторе с акцентом на влияние этих сдвигов на российскую экономику.
Целью данной работы является исследование глобальных вызовов и угроз развития аграрного сектора России.
Объектом исследования выступает аграрный сектор России.
Предметом исследования является процесс развития российского аграрного сектора в условиях глобальных вызовов.
При проведении применялся метод теоретического анализа и синтеза, классификации, метод индукции и дедукции, сравнения.
Полученные результаты. Установлено, что в настоящее время сельское хозяйство переживает революцию. Основная задача фермеров, агрохолдингов, ученых и с недавнего времени IT-специалистов – увеличение урожайности при одновременном сокращении использования ресурсов. С одной стороны эта тенденция спровоцирована необходимостью кормить растущее население Земли, с другой –потребностью в снижении негативного воздействия сельскохозяйственной деятельности на окружающую среду. Эта дилемма порождает ряд вызовов для сельского хозяйства: дорожного производства; изменение климата; изменение структуры спроса.
Основными глобальными проблемами сельскохозяйственной отрасли выступают:
– ресурсосбережение, возможность обеспечения которого напрямую определяется уровнем инновационного развития страны и ее аграрного сектора;
–ускорение развития производства продукции с высокой добавленной стоимостью;
– обеспечение доступности и безопасности агропродовольствия;
–стабилизация и повышение доходов, прежде всего малых и средних сельхозпроизводителей, чье финансовое состояние является чрезвычайно уязвимым по причине отсутствия доступа к кредитным ресурсам и традиционно меньшего запаса финансовой устойчивости по сравнению с крупными агропредприятиями.
Цифровое сельское хозяйство способно обеспечить решение многих проблем, стоящих сегодня перед отраслью, только если оно применяется с дальновидностью и адаптивностью.
Новые информационные, био- и нанотехнологии, существенные изменения в цепочке распределения добавленной стоимости, меняющиеся предпочтения и установки потребителей, климатические изменения – это далеко не полный список факторов, которые будут влиять на агросектор в России и в мире в ближайшем будущем.
Приводятся меры, способные противостоять негативному воздействию экономических вызовов.
Гуманитарно-социальный потенциал агропрома РФ
Authors: Захаров А.Н. , Староверов Владимир Иванович
Published: December 2019

Анализ количественно-качественных результатов трансформации деревни дает основания говорить о неприемлемости для России либеральной агропромышленной политики не только в материально-экономических, но и в цивилизационных – социально-исторических и культурно-духовных, нравственно-ментальных аспектах. Об этом свидетельствуют состояние, динамика и проблемы социального развития деревни в условиях рыночной модернизации агропромышленного комплекса. Оно выражается, прежде всего, через динамику ее социальной сферы. «Социальная сфера» есть производное от «сферы общества», под которой понимается определенная область жизнедеятельности людей, связанная с реализацией тех или иных общественных функций.
Совершенствование государственной поддержки АПК региона
Authors: Шарипов Салимзян Ахтямович
Published: December 2019

Рассмотрены вопросы и пути совершенствования государственной поддержки агропромышленного комплекса регионов. Определены необходимые условия для наиболее благоприятного развития аграрной сферы, механизмы государственного регулирования, которые способствовали бы решению как экономических, так и социальных проблем села, гармоничному развитию всех сфер АПК на основе эффективного сельскохозяйственного производства в условиях цифровой экономики.
Сельские территории в системе обеспечения продовольственной безопасности России
Authors: Крапчина Людмила Николаевна , Князькина Альбина Александровна
Published: December 2019

В представленной статье рассматривается роль сельских территорий в процессах обеспечения экономической безопасности страны (продовольственный аспект). Выявлены причины деградации сельских территорий и влияние этого процесса на ослабление продовольственной безопасности страны. Особое внимание уделяется формированию целостной системы управления развитием сельских территорий с проработкой глобальной цели такой системы, выделением ее объектов и субъектов, выработке правил гармонизации интересов последних. Даны рекомендации по выработке единого механизма, включающего инструментарий сочетания направленного воздействия на сохранение и развитие природно-экономического потенциала сельской местности, а также укрепление продовольственной независимости России.
The network of calcium regulation in muscle.
Authors: Martonosi Anthony N , Pikula Slawomir
Published: December 2019

In this review the molecular characteristics and reaction mechanisms of different Ca(2+) transport systems associated with various membranes in muscle cells will be summarized. The following topics will be discussed in detail: a brief history of early observations concerning maintenance and regulation of cellular Ca(2+) homeostasis, characterization of the Ca(2+) pumps residing in plasma membranes and sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum, mitochondrial Ca(2+) transport, Ca(2+)-binding proteins, coordinated expression of Ca(2+) transport systems, a general background of muscle excitation-contraction coupling with emphasis to the calcium release channels of plasma membrane and sarcoplasmic reticulum, the structure and function of dihydropyridine and ryanodine receptors of skeletal and cardiac muscles, and finally their disposition in various types of muscles.
Carbon monoxide -- a "new" gaseous modulator of gene expression.
Authors: Dulak Józef , Józkowicz Alicja
Published: December 2019

Carbon monoxide (CO) is an odorless, tasteless and colorless gas which is generated by heme oxygenase enzymes (HOs). HOs degrade heme releasing equimolar amounts of CO, iron and biliverdin, which is subsequently reduced to bilirubin. CO shares many properties with nitric oxide (NO), an established cellular messenger. Both CO and NO are involved in neural transmission and modulation of blood vessel function, including their relaxation and inhibition of platelet aggregation. CO, like NO, binds to heme proteins, although CO binds only ferrous (FeII) heme, whereas NO binds both ferrous and ferric (FeIII). CO enhances the activity of guanylate cyclase although it is less potent than NO. In contrast, CO inhibits other heme proteins, such as catalase or cytochrome p450. The effects of CO on gene expression can be thus varied, depending on the cellular microenvironment and the metabolic pathway being influenced. In this review the regulation of gene expression by HO/CO in the cardiovascular system is discussed. Recent data, derived also from our studies, indicate that HO/CO are significant modulators of inflammatory reactions, influencing the underlying processes such as cell proliferation and production of cytokines and growth factors.
Structural and enzymatic properties of the sedolisin family of serine-carboxyl peptidases.
Authors: Wlodawer Alexander , Li Mi , Gustchina Alla , Oyama Hiroshi , Dunn Ben M , Oda Kohei
Published: December 2019

Sedolisins (serine-carboxyl peptidases) are proteolytic enzymes whose fold resembles that of subtilisin; however, they are considerably larger, with the mature catalytic domains containing approximately 375 amino acids. The defining features of these enzymes are a unique catalytic triad, Ser-Glu-Asp, as well as the presence of an aspartic acid residue in the oxyanion hole. High-resolution crystal structures have now been solved for sedolisin from Pseudomonas sp. 101, as well as for kumamolisin from a thermophilic bacterium, Bacillus novo sp. MN-32. The availability of these crystal structures enabled us to model the structure of mammalian CLN2, an enzyme which, when mutated in humans, leads to a fatal neurodegenerative disease. This review compares the structural and enzymatic properties of this newly defined MEROPS family of peptidases, S53, and introduces their new nomenclature.
Defective Brca2 influences topoisomerase I activity in mammalian cells.
Authors: Rahden-Staroń Iwonna , Szumiło Maria , Grosicka Emilia , Kraakman van der Zwet Maria , Zdzienicka Małgorzata Z
Published: December 2019

The Chinese hamster cell mutant V-C8 is defective in the Brca2 gene (Kraakman-van der Zwet et al., 2002, Cell Biol.; 22: 669). Here we report that V-C8 cells were 10-fold more sensitive to camptothecin, an inhibitor of topoisomerase I, than the parental V79 cells. The level of the relaxation activity of topoisomerase I in nuclear extracts was also lower (4-fold) in V-C8 than V79 cells, in spite of the fact that the level of the topoisomerase I protein was the same in these cells. The survival of V-C8 cells in the presence of camptothecin, the sensitivity of V-C8 topoisomerase I to camptothecin, and the level of the relaxation activity in V-C8 nuclear extract were almost completely restored by transfection of V-C8 cells with the murine Brca2 gene or by the transfer of human chromosome 13 providing the BRCA2 gene. These results indicate that the observed changes in the topoisomerase I activity in V-C8 are due to the defective function of the Brca2 gene.
RNA interference and its role in the regulation of eucaryotic gene expression.
Authors: Szweykowska-Kulińska Zofia , Jarmołowski Artur , Figlerowicz Marek
Published: December 2019

Several years ago it was discovered that plant transformation with a transcribed sense transgene could shut down the expression of a homologous endogenous gene. Moreover, it was shown that the introduction into the cell of dsRNA (double-stranded RNA) containing nucleotide sequence complementary to an mRNA sequence causes selective degradation of the latter and thus silencing of a specific gene. This phenomenon, called RNA interference (RNAi) was demonstrated to be present in almost all eukaryotic organisms. RNAi is also capable of silencing transposons in germ line cells and fighting RNA virus infection. Enzymes involved in this process exhibit high homology across species. Some of these enzymes are involved in other cellular processes, for instance developmental timing, suggesting strong interconnections between RNAi and other metabolic pathways. RNAi is probably an ancient mechanism that evolved to protect eukaryotic cells against invasive forms of nucleic acids.
Fibrin D-dimer impairs the accumulation and anticoagulant properties of heparan sulphate and stimulates secretion of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 by rabbit coronary endothelial cells.
Authors: Yevdokimova Natalia Yu , Veselovska Larisa D , Gogolinska Genrietta K , Buchanevich Olexandra M , Kosyakova Galina V , Gritsenko Pavel G , Lugovskoj Eduard V , Komisarenko Sergiy V
Published: December 2019

Fibrin split product D-dimer (DD) is most probably involved in the development of vascular disorders. At 1.5 microM concentration DD inhibited the incorporation of D-[1-(3)H]glucosamine hydrochloride and [2-(14)C]acetate x Na into pericellular heparan sulphate (HS) of rabbit coronary endothelial cells without affecting other groups of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). At the same time, DD reduced HS ability to bind antithrombin (AT) and suppressed NO production. The effect of DD on pericellular GAGs was similar to that of N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine, the competitive inhibitor of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). L-Ascorbic acid, eNOS activator, increased the level of endogenous NO in the DD-treated cells, and restored HS accumulation and antithrombin binding. It is suggested that DD influence on endothelial HS may be mediated by NO production. Another effect of DD, namely, stimulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) secretion did not depend on the NO level. The decreased HS content, reduced anticoagulant properties of HS, and increased PAI-1 secretion disorganized the endothelial matrix, and promoted fibrin formation and vascular damage. This points to DD as an important factor in the development of vascular disorders.
Detection of genotoxicity of atmospheric particles using a high-throughput microplate umu-test system.
Authors: Funasaka Kunihiro , Kitano Masaaki , Nakama Akihiko , Yoshikura Taro , Oda Yoshimitsu
Published: December 2019

A previously developed and highly sensitive umu-microplate test system based on the nitroreductase- and O-acetyltransferase-overproducing strain Salmonella typhimurium NM3009 and the O-acetyltransferase-overproducing strain S. typhimurium NM2009 was applied to the detection of genotoxic activity in atmospheric particles in urban areas using a relatively small sample load. The results showed that the test system was able to detect slight increases in induced genotoxicity in atmospheric particles and that genotoxicity was detected mainly in the fine fraction but also partially in the coarse fraction. The present sensitive microplate test system has potential for application to the screening of various other environmental samples.
CNS Penetration of Cyclophosphamide and Metabolites in Mice Bearing Group 3 Medulloblastoma and Non-Tumor Bearing Mice
Authors: Stewart Clinton , Campagne Olivia , Davis Abigail , Zhong Bo , Nair Sreenath , Haberman Victoria , T. Patel Yogesh , Janke Laura , F. Roussel Martine
Published: December 2019

PURPOSE: Cyclophosphamide is widely used to treat children with medulloblastoma; however, little is known about its brain penetration. We performed cerebral microdialysis to characterize the brain penetration of cyclophosphamide (130 mg/kg, IP) and its metabolites [4-hydroxy-cyclophosphamide (4OH-CTX) and carboxyethylphosphoramide mustard (CEPM)] in non-tumor bearing mice and mice bearing orthotopic Group 3 medulloblastoma. METHODS: A plasma pharmacokinetic study was performed in non-tumor-bearing CD1-nude mice, and four cerebral microdialysis studies were performed in non-tumor-bearing (M1 and M3) and tumor-bearing mice (M2 and M4). Plasma samples were collected up to 6-hours post-dose, and extracellular fluid (ECF) samples were collected over 60-minute intervals for 24-hours post-dose. To stabilize and quantify 4OH-CTX, a derivatizing solution was added in blood after collection, and either directly in the microdialysis perfusate (M1 and M2) or in ECF collection tubes (M3 and M4). Plasma/ECF cyclophosphamide and CEPM, and 4OH-CTX concentrations were separately measured using different LC-MS/MS methods. RESULTS: All plasma/ECF concentrations were described using a population-based pharmacokinetic model. Plasma exposures of cyclophosphamide, 4OH-CTX, and CEPM were similar across studies (mean AUC=112.6, 45.6, and 80.8 µmol∙hr/L). Hemorrhage was observed in brain tissue when the derivatizing solution was in perfusate compared with none when in collection tubes, which suggested potential sample contamination in studies M1 and M2. Model-derived unbound ECF to plasma partition coefficients (Kp,uu) were calculated to reflect CNS penetration of the compounds. Lower cyclophosphamide Kp,uu was obtained in tumor-bearing mice versus non-tumor bearing mice (mean 0.15 versus 0.22, p=0.019). No differences in Kp,uu were observed between these groups for 4OH-CTX and CEPM (overall mean 0.10 and 0.07). CONCLUSIONS: Future studies will explore potential mechanisms at the brain-tumor barrier to explain lower cyclophosphamide brain penetration in tumor-bearing mice. These results will be used to further investigate exposure-response relationships in medulloblastoma xenograft models.
Pendidikan Tauhid Dalam Kisah Nabi Ibrahim
Authors: Septiyani Alfrida Dyah
Published: December 2019

The results showed that: 1) Monotheism Education in Surat Al-An'am: 74-83 namely: 1) Monotheism Education Rubūbiyah, which is in verse 75 which explains that Allah SWT has shown signs of the greatness of Allah SWT in the sky and grounded to prophet Ibrahim as so that his soul is directed. Then the prophet Ibrahim (as) discovered the truth of the belief in a Godhead through observation and contemplation about the universe by using his fitrah, and this is following verses 76-78. 2) Education of Uluhiyah Tauhid is in verse 74, which explains that the father and the prophets of Abraham made the idols they made into gods. Moreover, verse 79, that is, the sincerity of the prophet Ibrahim as to surrender, confronts his view of Allah SWT. It does not follow his people to associate Allah by way of worshiping other than Him, such as worshiping the stars, the moon, and the idols that they made themselves.3) Implementation of Tauhid Education in Islamic Education: The faith taught by Islam to humans since childhood is critical. Because the goals of Islamic education itself are in harmony with religious goals: 1) To realize a believer who believes and is devoted to Allah SWT.2) Education in Islam seeks to develop and inculcate monotheistic education to humans as optimal as possible to be able to function as a driving force in daily practice. 3) Development and inculcation of monotheism education can be done with learning activities, namely through various institutions. 4) In the school environment, both elementary, middle, and for the development and planting of monotheism, education is carried out through multiple activities, both at the time of KBM and extracurricular. 5) Outside the school, the development and cultivation of human monotheism education start from the family environment
Intelectuais, Política e Arte: sobre o jogo de ressignificação da autonomia artística
Authors: Rodrigues Kadma Marques , Rebouças Diego Soares
Published: December 2019

A volatilidade que caracteriza o exercício da autonomia artística parece acompanhar seu percurso histórico, da emergência de formas modernas às ações criadoras capitaneadas por artistas no contexto contemporâneo. Uma trama de agentes e instituições tem contribuído para suas múltiplas definições, tendo sido a parceria com o campo intelectual elemento fundamental para sua emergência. Este artigo tem por objetivo refletir acerca das atribulações desta noção e sobre o papel dos intelectuais como elemento mediador entre o campo artístico, o político, o midiático/comunicacional e o econômico. Neste jogo de ressignificações, estes também sofrem redefinições (do intelectual total ao específico), oscilando entre a atuação do crítico de arte, do curador e do próprio artista, envolvidos nos recentes episódios de questionamento da autonomia artística no Brasil.Palavras-chave: Intelectuais. Política. Arte contemporânea. Autonomia. Comunicação. Intellectuals, politics and art: on the redefinition of artistic autonomyabstractThe volatility that characterizes the exercise of artistic autonomy seems to follow its historical course, from the emergence of modern forms to creative actions led by artists in the contemporary context. A network of agents and institutions have contributed to its multiple definitions, and the partnership with the intellectual field has been fundamental to its emergence. This article aims to reflect on the tribulations of this notion, and the role of the intellectuals as mediating element among the artistic, political, midiatic/communicational and economic fields. In this set of resignifications, these also undergo redefinitions (from the total intellectual to the specific), oscillating between the performance of the art critic, the curator and the artist himself, involved in the recent episodes of questioning of artistic autonomy in Brazil.Keywords: Intellectuals. Politics. Contemporary art. Autonomy. Communication.
Entre os modelos hegemônicos e os necessários rompimentos para a retomada da democracia
Authors: Stauffer Leilane Tolentino
Published: December 2019

SANTOS, Boaventura de Souza. A difícil democracia: reinventar as esquerdas. São Paulo: Boitempo, 2016. 224 p.A difícil democracia, de Boaventura de Sousa Santos, joga luz em diversas contradições, disputas, normas, direitos e caminhos a partir de experiências de países que construíram o entendimento acerca da democracia. Mais do que isso, o autor nos convida a refletir sobre as relações dúbias de poder, presentes em nossos dias, que deslegitimam a soberania popular, princípio central e regente da democracia.
Sentido e importância do ‘Direito’ nos cursos de Graduação
Authors: Goergen Pedro Laudinor
Published: December 2019

Este artigo busca apresentar uma reflexão a respeito de como a pessoa constrói/reconstrói a noção de Sujeito de Direito enquanto cidadã, com o objetivo de assegurar a Dignidade humana. Nesses termos, foi desenvolvido um estudo a respeito dos saberes do Direito. A análise realizada permite perceber que a práxis educacional, materializada na dialética entre Educação e Direito, possibilita conceber o Sujeito de Direito a partir da percepção de ‘valor absoluto’ atinente a todo ser humano. O artigo é proveniente de um estudo qualitativo de cunho bibliográfico. O estudo apresenta resultados fundamentados em uma pesquisa empírica, evidenciando que a materialização do conhecimento significativo, fruto também da inclusão do saber jurídico no currículo de todas as graduações, deve ser aperfeiçoado nas Instituições de Ensino Superior responsáveis pela formação humanística do estudante.