bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of different catalysts and growth temperature on the photoluminescence properties of zinc silicate nanostructures grown via vapor-liquid-solid method
Authors: Muhammad Ghfoor , Murtaza Imran , Abid Rehan , Ahmad Naeem
Published: December 2021

We explore the photoluminescence properties of zinc silicate (Zn2SiO4) nanostructures synthesized by vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mode of growth using three different catalysts (Sn, Ag, and Mn). Different catalysts significantly influence the growth rate which in turn has an impact on the structure and hence the photoluminescence of the prepared zinc silicate nanostructures. Zn2SiO4 has a wide bandgap of about 5.5 eV and in its pure form, it does not emit in visible region due to its inner shell electronic transitions between the 3d5 energy levels. However, the incorporation of different catalysts (Sn, Ag and Mn) at different growth temperatures into the Zn2SiO4 crystal growth kinetics provides wide visible spectral range of photoluminescence (PL) emissions. PL analysis shows broad multi-band spectrum in the visible region and distinct colors (red, yellow, green, blue, cyan and violet) are obtained depending on the crystalline structure of the prepared nanostructures. The allowed transitions due to the effect of different catalysts on zinc silicate lattice offer a huge cross-section of absorption that generates strong photoluminescence. The correlation between the structural and optical properties of the synthesized nanostructures is discussed in detail. The synthesized photoluminescent nanostructures have potential applications in solid-state lighting and display devices.
Loss prediction of three-level amplified spontaneous emission sources in radiation environment
Authors: Tan Shen , Li Yan , Zhang Hao-Shi , Wang Xiao-Wei , Jin Jing
Published: December 2021

A model of three-level amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) sources, considering radiation effect, is proposed to predict radiation induced loss of output power in radiation environment. Radiation absorption parameters of ASE sources model are obtained by the fitting of color centers generation and recovery process of gain loss data at lower dose rate. Gain loss data at higher dose is applied for self-validating. This model takes both the influence of erbium ions absorption and photon bleaching effect into consideration, which makes the prediction of different dose and dose rate more accurate and flexible. The fitness value between ASE model and gain loss data is 99.98%, which also satisfies the extrapolation at the low dose rate. The method and model may serve as a valuable tool to predict ASE performance in harsh environment.
Voltage control magnetism and ferromagnetic resonance in an Fe19Ni81/PMN-PT heterostructure by strain
Authors: Ren Jun , Li Junming , Zhang Sheng , Li Jun , Su Wenxia , Wang Dunhui , Cao Qingqi , Du Youwei
Published: December 2021

Voltage control magnetism has been widely studied due to its potential applications in the next generation of information technology. PMN-PT, as a single crystal ferroelectric substrate, has been widely used in the study of voltage control magnetism because of its excellent piezoelectric properties. However, most of the research based on PMN-PT only studies the influence of a single tensile (or compressive) stress on the magnetic properties due to the asymmetry of strain. In this work, we show the effect of different strains on the magnetic anisotropy of an Fe19Ni81/(011) PMN-PT heterojunction. More importantly, the (011) cut PMN-PT generates non-volatile strain, which provides an advantage when investigating the voltage manipulation of RF/microwave magnetic devices. As a result, a ferromagnetic resonance field tunability of 70 Oe is induced in our sample by the non-volatile strain. Our results provide new possibilities for novel voltage adjustable RF/microwave magnetic devices and spintronic devices.
Passenger management strategy and evacuation in subway station under Covid-19
Authors: Yang Xiao-Xia , Jiang Hai-Long , Kang Yuan-Lei , Yang Yi , Li Yong-Xing , Yu Chang
Published: December 2021

Under the background of Covid-19 sweeping the world, safe and reasonable passenger flow management strategy in subway stations is an effective means to prevent the spread of virus. Based on the social force model and the minimum cost model, the movement and path selection behavior of passengers in the subway station are modeled, and a strategy for passenger flow management to maintain a safe social distance is put forward. Take Qingdao Jinggangshan Road subway station of China as the simulation scene, the validity of the simulation model is verified by comparing the measured value and simulation value of the time required for passengers from getting off the train to the ticket gate. Simulation results indicate that controlling the time interval between incoming passengers at the entrance can effectively control the social distance between passengers and reduce the risk of epidemic infection. By comparing the evacuation process of passengers under different initial densities, it is found that the greater the initial density of passengers is, the longer the passengers are at risk social distance. In the process of passenger emergency evacuation, the stairs/escalators and ticket gates are bottleneck areas with high concentration of passenger density, which should be strictly disinfected many times on the basis of strictly checking the health code of incoming passengers and controlling the arrival time interval. The simulation results of this paper verify the harmfulness of passenger emergency evacuation without protective measures, and provide theoretical support for the operation and management of subway station under the epidemic situation.
Research on High-Performance Antennas Based on Graphene Materials
Authors: Song Yangkun , Huang Chaofan
Published: December 2021

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things and wearable electronic devices, China is about to enter the 5G era. The current materials have been difficult to meet the production needs of flexible antennas working in the 5G frequency band. Flexible antenna sensors have received widespread attention because they can detect signal changes caused by antenna deformation. In recent years, miniaturization and high sensitivity have been the development trend of flexible antennas. However, traditional metal materials have disadvantages such as high density, easy corrosion, and poor bending stability, Can no longer meet the further development of 5G frequency band flexible antennas. Therefore, it is necessary to find a light and flexible material to replace the traditional metal material. Graphene has excellent flexibility, conductivity, and stability, once discovered, it has aroused widespread concern among scientists. This article mainly conducts certain research on graphene material, hoping to contribute to the development of 5G in China.
A Review of Mobile Robot Path Planning Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning Algorithm
Authors: Zhao Yanwei , Zhang Yinong , Wang Shuying
Published: December 2021

Path planning refers to that the mobile robot can obtain the surrounding environment information and its own state information through the sensor carried by itself, which can avoid obstacles and move towards the target point. Deep reinforcement learning consists of two parts: reinforcement learning and deep learning, mainly used to deal with perception and decision-making problems, has become an important research branch in the field of artificial intelligence. This paper first introduces the basic knowledge of deep learning and reinforcement learning. Then, the research status of deep reinforcement learning algorithm based on value function and strategy gradient in path planning is described, and the application research of deep reinforcement learning in computer game, video game and autonomous navigation is described. Finally, I made a brief summary and outlook on the algorithms and applications of deep reinforcement learning.
Study of a single line of sight gamma ray diagnostics for measurements of the absolute gamma ray emission from JET
Authors: Marcer G. , Nocente M. , Giacomelli L. , Gorini G. , Perelli Cippo E. , Putignano O. , Rebai M. , Rigamonti D. , Craciunescu T. , Dal Molin A. , Kiptily V. , Kos B. , Panontin E. , Zhoar A. , Tardocchi M.
Published: December 2021

The fusion power produced in a DT thermonuclear reactor is currently determined by measuring the absolute 14 MeV neutron yield of the D(T, α)n fusion reaction. Measurements of 17 MeV gamma rays born from the much less probable D(T, 5He)γ reaction (branching ratio of ∼10−5) have been proposed as an alternative independent method to validate the neutron counting method and also to fulfill the requests of the nuclear regulator for licensing ITER DT operations. However, the development of absolute 17 MeV gamma ray emission measurements entails a number of requirements, such as: (i) knowledge of the 17 MeV gamma ray to 14 MeV neutron emission branching ratio; (ii) the simulation of the gamma ray transport from the extended plasma source to the gamma ray detectors; (iii) a careful determination of the absolute efficiency of previously calibrated gamma ray spectrometers. In this work, we have studied the possibility to infer the global gamma ray emission rate from measurements made with a 3″ × 6″ LaBr3 spectrometer installed at the end of a collimated tangential line of sight at the JET tokamak and using the neutron emission from deuterium plasmas of the most recent experimental campaigns. Results show that 17 MeV gamma ray fluxes at the end of this tangential line of sight have a weak dependence (less than 5%) on the plasma profile and can therefore be used to infer the total emission from the plasma.
Measurement of absolute light yield and quantum efficiency of LaBr3:Ce scintillator detector using SiPM
Authors: Sariyal R. , Mazumdar I. , Patel S.M.
Published: December 2021

This brief communication presents our work to determine the
absolute light yield and quantum efficiency of LaBr3:Ce
scintillator by comparison and also by direct pulse measurement
method using SiPM. The first part presents use of the simpler
comparison method to determine the light yields of different
scintillators using the known yield of NaI(Tl) as reference. In the
second part we have determined the absolute light yield and quantum
efficiency of LaBr3:Ce crystal by using a SiPM photo
detector. Our measured value is in good agreement with the light
yield reported by previous measurements using PMT and excitation
fluorescence spectroscopy. Quantum efficiencies for scintillation
detectors have been determined by using both PMTs and photo
detectors, namely APDs by previous authors. This communication is
possibly the first report on the determination of quantum efficiency
of LaBr3:Ce using SiPM photo detector. The simple and effective
method presented here would allow to determine the light yield of
any scintillation detector.
Disclosing The Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) Financial Management Accountability
Authors: Andriana  , Sudarno  , Utami A N , Susanto A B , Kurniaty
Published: December 2021

accountability are characteristics of Good Governance. Accountability are very important in managing an entity, especially for entities that carry out the mandate of the people and manage public funds such as BUMDes. BUMDes that have the mandate of capital, have large roles and duties, BUMDes must be able to account for and report the results of their financial management as a form of accountability to the government and society. This study aims to determine how the financial management of BUMDes To analyze the level of accountability of BUMDes Mekar Lestari’s financial management in 2019. This type of research is a qualitative research using descriptive analysis. The data collection methods used were interview and documentation techniques. The results showed that: The financial management of BUMDes Mekar Lestari consists of planning, implementation, administration, reporting and accountability and supervision stages. Some indicators for the financial management accountability of BUMDes Mekar Lestari in 2019 have also not been fulfilled as regulated in the Banyuwangi Regency Regional Regulation No. 13 of 2015 and Banyuwangi Governor Regulation No. 17 of 2019
Relationship between Leadership Quality and Service Innovation in Public Organizations: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Nurung J , Tamsah H , Hamsinah
Published: December 2021

Indonesia’s public services are constantly being criticized for not proficiently attending to societal needs, despite government rules and guidelines. The regulation on regional innovation specified direction on services in the form of local governance, public support, and/or other inventions by governmental aff airs within jurisdiction. Furthermore, local governments are mandated to deliver maximum satisfaction with allotted incentives by way of rating public service innovations. However, in reality, several complaints continue to emerge, therefore, intense and prompt interventions are required, with strict considerations capable of enhancing public service innovations. Based on these challenges, the authors attempt to elaborate and analyze the leadership quality and the accompanying impact on service innovation, both directly and indirectly through motivation and team performance in public organizations. The purpose of this paper is to provide information on factors with potentials to improve service innovation, particularly in public corporations.
The Effect of Curing Methods on Compressive Strength of Concrete
Authors: Tumpu M , Irianto  , Parung H
Published: December 2021

Concrete curing is an effort made to optimize the results of concrete casting. This action needs to be done because it has a major effect on the quality and strength of the concrete, one of which is so that the concrete does not lose moisture too quickly, because later this condition will lead to excessive shrinkage in the concrete. As a result, the concrete can experience cracks. This will cause the construction work to be less qualified and endanger construction users. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of concrete treatment methods on the value of normal concrete compressive strength. Concrete curing can be carried out by several methods according to the type and condition of the structural elements to be treated. From the results of the study, it was found that the curing method of concrete had an effect on the value of normal concrete compressive strength, namely that the average compressive strength value in the fresh water immersion treatment method was 23.730 MPa, the treatment method for wrapping concrete with gunny sacks was 22.349 MPa, the treatment method of wrapping concrete with plastic is 22.306 MPa, and in the treatment method of pouring concrete with fresh water is 21.199 MPa. The average value of the maximum compressive strength occurred in the treatment method with fresh water immersion, namely 23.73 MPa, and the minimum compressive strength value that occurred was found in the treatment method with fresh water sprinkling, namely 21.199 MPa. Thus, that concrete curing is good, namely, by soaking the concrete with fresh water.
Analysis of Reinforcement Overlapping on Retrofit Reinforced Concrete Beams of Bending Behavior
Authors: Kala S , Parung H , Amiruddin A A
Published: December 2021

The length of reinforced concrete blocks varies widely, while in general the reinforcement produced in Indonesia is 12 m. Therefore, the use of reinforcement in a long stretch is done to be connected. The through connection is the most economical connection [2]. Lap splice can be made by overlapping the reinforcement which is touching or separate [3]. Splicing reinforcement can cause the strength of reinforced concrete beams to be reduced or even damaged so that rehabilitation measures are needed which can be in the form of retrofit (repair). Retrofitting with wiremesh and self compacting concrete (SCC) is considered to improve building structures. Reinforcement overlapping on reinforced concrete beams retrofit with wiremesh and self compacting concrete can be analyzed by numerical methods to determine their effect on bending behavior. Now, to analyze a structural behavior, it can be done using finite element method based program. The application of the finite element method is used in several programs, including ABAQUS, ADINA, Atena, ANSYS, etc. This study aims to analyze the overlapping of reinforcement in retrofit reinforced concrete beams against the flexural behavior, overlapping is made at one-third and one-third of the beam span using finite element method based analysis software.
Marshall Characteristics of Porous Asphalt Containing Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Plastic Waste
Authors: Gusty S , Tumpu M. , Parung H , Marzuki I
Published: December 2021

Inundation due to heavy rain often disturbs traffic flow and porous pavement as a wearing course is one solution to overcome standing water. This asphalt mixture uses an open gradation which is dominated by coarse aggregate with an air cavity content ranging from 20% - 25%. In Indonesia, according to the Indonesian Solid Waste Association (2013), this type of plastic waste ranks second with 5.4 million tons per year and is ranked second in the world as a producer of marine plastic waste after China. This research tries to use plastic waste as an added material in the porous asphalt mixture where the gradation of porous asphalt refers to REAM Specifications, 2008. The type of plastic used is Low Density Polyethilene (LDPE). The levels of plastic waste used were 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% of the total weight of the mixture. Marshall and Cantabro characteristics tests were conducted to evaluate the resulting mixture. The results of this study indicate that the stability value meets the REAM specifications, namely 350 - 800 kg. Marshall test results with the use of LDPE plastic waste as an additive to the test object meet the characteristics of Marshall except for Marshall Quotient (MQ) and voids filled with bitumen (VFB).
Preliminary Study of Geology, Alteration and Ore Mineralisation at East Motoling Area, South Minahasa District, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Hakim F R , Idrus A
Published: December 2021

The East Motoling area is one of the prospect areas in the Minahasa region of North Sulawesi, which has indications of low sulfidation epithermal-type mineralization. The research was conducted as a preliminary study to determine the characteristics of geological conditions, alteration, and ore mineralization in the epithermal system. The research method is divided into two main parts, such as fieldwork including surface geological mapping (lithology, stratigraphy, geomorphology, structural geology, alteration and mineralization) and laboratory analysis methods including petrographic analysis. The stratigraphy of the study area consists of altered volcaniclastic breccia, altered lapilli tuff, altered tuff, limestone, welded lapilli tuff, and andesitic breccia. Volcaniclastic breccia, altered lapilli tuff, and altered tuff, member of the Volcanic Rock Formation which is Late – Middle Miocene age, are the host rock for ore mineralization and hydrotermal alteration process. There are 3 types of alterations that have developed, namely argillic (illite + quartz ± kaolinite), sericitic (sericite + illite ± chlorite), and propylitic (chlorite + epidote ± illite). The dextral slip fault with NW – SE trend present as a main control structure to formation of extention fracture/vein. The epithermal veins are relatively north-northeast – south-southwest, north-northwest – south-southeast, and northwest – southeast. The textures of the veins divided into 7 main groups, namely that is bladed-quartz, breccia, calcedony, colloform, comb, mold, and massive quartz. Ore mineralization is forms in the veins as pyrite and banded sulfide. Apart from that, the disseminated pyrite also limitedly found around the veins.
In vitro shoot multiplication of Morus nigra by combinations of plant growth regulators
Authors: Larekeng S H , Arsyad M A , Annisa A M , Restu M
Published: December 2021

Mulberry (Morus nigra L) is a dicotyledonous plant in the family Moraceae which often used for silkworms’ breeding. Mulberry propagation still uses conventional technology, such as cuttings and graftings. The problem of mulberry propagation is the low productivity of mulberry gardens. However, tissue culture is a technique of isolating plant parts in the form of organs, cell tissues, and protoplasms that is effective and efficient in order to get uniform and superior plants in a short amount of time. For mulberry growth, the right combination of the Plant Growth Regulator (PGR) in the form of Kinetin, IAA, IBA is needed. Data were analyzed using R-statistic software. The results showed that M6 media (MS + Kinetin 1.5 + 1 IAA) was the best combination of media for the number of shoots, leaf length, and number of roots, with 80% of live explant percentage. Propagation via tissue culture such as clonal propagation, organogenesis, and somatic embryogenesis in callus cultures followed by generation of shoots/plantlets represents a potential effective propagation method in the future.
Preliminary Study of Scandium Enrichment in Lateritic Profile from Weathered Ultramafic Rock in Lapaopao Area Kolaka Regency of Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: Onggang S , Maulana A , Sufriadin  , Irfan U R
Published: December 2021

Scandium is one of the rare earth elements which is currently widely used for various needs such as the aerospace industry, solid oxide fuel cells, electronics industry and in metallurgical applications. Generally, Scandium appears in small amounts so its structural role in the host minerals cannot be readily identified. Some studies reported the scandium extraction from lateritic nickel deposit where may contain considerable amount of scandium in addition to nickel and cobalt. Preliminary research of scandium enrichment has been investigated from the ultramafik rock indicates that an enrichment of scandium concentration was found in the red limonite. The aim of this study was to investigate the potentially enrichment of scandium mineral from nickel laterite in Lapaopao Area. There are a total of 38 samples from 1 (one) diamond drill holes which represent the limonite, saprolite and bedrock profiles have been collected and studied to investigate the distribution pattern of Sc grades within the lateritic profile. These samples are being analized by XRF for major and minor element and ICP-OES method for rare earth element assaying. The study has confirmed that scandium is enriched in limonite layer of weathered ultramafic laterite profile. The scandium content from the ultramafic bedrock is 15 ppm and has enriched until 81 ppm of scandium in the limonite layer.
Physical and chemically changes in limestone intruded by trachytic dyke: implications for cement raw material
Authors: Irfan U R , Imran A.M. , Abbas M N A
Published: December 2021

Limestone samples intruded by trachyte dike from the Tonasa Formation in Bantimurung, Indonesia have been investigated for their suitability for cement manufacturing. The objective of this study is to analyze the physical and chemical characteristics of the limestone surround an intrusion with the petrographic and XRF methods. Field observation shows a gradation of color (reddish to grey) away from intrusion contacts. Petrographic analysis shows metasomatic indication by the presence of garnet and wollastonite within the limestone at 0 - 20 meters from the intrusion contact. The geochemical analysis shows a decreasing degree trend of CaO2, and Fe2O3, however SiO2, Al2O3, and MgO increase towards the intrusion contact. According to the petrographic and geochemical characteristics indicate the limestone fulfills requirements as raw material for cement, even though the ideal composition for the cement industry is the limestone which is located between 20 - 70 meters from the intrusion contact.
Properties of debris flow deposits in Masamba, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Harianto T , Muhiddin A B , Nur S H , Wibowo C E
Published: December 2021

On 13 July 2020, a huge landslide-induced debris flow struck Masamba city and its vicinity, providing a massive amount of sedimentation materials. The landslide-induced debris flow was triggered by heavy rainfall, causing damages such as life and property losses, traffic disruption. Landslide-induced debris flow is a sudden natural hazard in mountain regions characterized by fast velocity, huge impact area, large scale, and often causes disastrous accidents. This study aims to investigate the properties of the debris flow materials including the soil size distribution, density, shear strength and bearing capacity. The results showed that the sedimentation material at landslide sites containing a large amount of sand which is classified as a poorly graded sand (SP). The engineering properties such as density, cohesion, internal friction angle and the value California Bearing Ratio (CBR) were also discussed.
Achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through indigenous group protection in Indonesia
Authors: Ramli R , Wahyudin
Published: December 2021

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals SDGs with its universal, integration, and inclusivity principles, is a commitment to promote sustainable development in accordance with human rights and equality to encourage social, economic, and environmental development and ensuring that “no-one left behind”. SDGs also promotes six pivotal elements: planet, people, dignity, prosperity, justice, and partnership. This research examines that since Indonesia has committed to reach and implement SDGs into the National Medium-Term Development Plan, the number of environmental and human rights issues has increased. In particular, the issues of the arrest of indigenous groups that try to protect their lands from land clearing for palm oil companies or infrastructure development that build their business by destroying the natures or homes of the indigenous groups. The issues are closely related to Goal 5, 10, 11, and 13-16. This shows the inconsistency of the Indonesian government in implementing the SDGs. Thus, this paper argues that to reach the goals, the Indonesian government has to acknowledge indigenous groups that play pivotal roles in preserving the environment, through local regulation
The Effect of Composite Cement (ECC) as A High Performance Fiber Reinforced Composite Cement
Authors: Fatriady M R , Aprianti E , Pamungkas B D
Published: December 2021

Composite Cement (ECC) addresses a special type of high performance fiber reinforced composite cement with high tensile ductility. Fibers have been used to increase the toughness of quasi-brittle cement-based materials. As a result of its ability to produce high tensile ductility, ECC originally designed its strain-hardening behavior using a micromechanical concept, so that over-tensile strain capacity could be achieved in excess of 2% through multiple cracks. This research method is carried out by means of laboratory testing in accordance with data from literature studies both Indonesian SK SNI Standards and foreign standards, namely ASTM. The method applied in this research is an experimental method. The independent variable in this study is the reinforcement with the addition of fiber to the PVA ECC material mix, while the dependent variable in this study is the compressive strength value and the magnitude of the elastic modulus of the PVA ECC material. The results of the tensile strength of the ECC PVA material obtained on average at the age of 7, 14 and 28 days were 3.108 MPa, 3.547 MPa and 4.34 MPa, respectively. The tensile strength of the ECC PVA material increases with age. The average modulus of elasticity of PVA ECC material obtained at the age of 7, 14 and 28 days was 18763.02 MPa, 20788.81 MPa and 21060.03 MPa, respectively. Based on the modulus of elasticity, it also increases with the increase in compressive strength.
The Measurement of Proaktive and Reaktive Performance towards Occupational Health and Safety Program
Authors: Masiku H , Parung H , Latief R U , Arifuddin R
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of proactive and reactive performance on indicators of the application of OHS in high-rise building construction. The data used in this study were obtained from a questionnaire (primary) and several observations and direct interviews with employees in 20 types of high-rise building projects in Indonesia. The analysis technique used is multiple regression analysis using hypothesis testing, namely the F test and t test. The results showed that simultaneously and partially the independent variables consisting of proactive performance (X1) and reactive performance (X2) had a significant effect on the variable construction K3 program (Y). From the ANOVA or F test, a significant number (Sig) (0.037) is obtained which is below 0.05 and the Fcount is 11.570 where the F count is greater than F table, F table is 3.84. These results indicate that the regression model is feasible to be used to predict the proactive performance and reactive performance variables together to influence the performance of the OHS culture of high-rise building construction. Seeing the performance points of construction project employees can be influenced by many other points from the results of the T Test calculation where the competence of workers obtains T results of 3.098 or the highest among others so that with this we can say that worker competence is a critical factor in improving cultural performance.
Design of Groundwater Sustain Irrigation Network System in Panca Lautang Area, Sidrap Regency, South Sulawesi
Authors: Hidayah B , Jaya A , Puspita A I D , M B R
Published: December 2021

Mining activities in open pit and underground mines will always be associated with rock breaking or stripping activities (both mechanical and blasting), so that this can affect the structure and strength of rocks. The strength of the rock is strongly influenced by the presence of initial cracks (pre-existing cracks) and rock anisotropy conditions associated with discontinuous plane conditions. Fracture mechanics is a science that illustrates how a fracture can occur and propagate during applied stress on material. The main parameter in fracture mechanics is called fracture toughness which shows the resistance of the material to propagate the crack. There are several mode in determining type I fracture toughness, one of which is type I fracture toughness Flattened Brazilian Disc (FBD) mode. Type I fracture toughness test is carried out using a compression machine in a laboratory and is conducted on concrete samples consisting of 3 (three) various samples, with a ratio of cement and sand composition of 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1. This test also uses different loading rate values, namely 2.50 mm/min, 2.70 mm/min, and 2.83 mm/min. The results of the type I fracture toughness value from each loading rate will be compared to determine the effect of the loading rate on the value of type I fracture toughness. The obtained fracture toughness value is also related to the physical and mechanical properties of the samples. Based on the results of tests, it can be seen that the loading rate affects the value of fracture toughness, the increase in fracture toughness value is followed by the higher loading rate. In addition, it can be seen that the fracture toughness value is directly proportional to the uniaxial compressive strength value and the indirect tensile strength value. The average correlation value obtained is R2 = 0.9884 (indicating a strong relationship).
Experimental Study of the Effect of Cavities on the Load Capacity of Two-Way Reinforced Concrete Plates on Fixed Concrete Thickness
Authors: Atmadja W M T , Parung H , Irmawaty R , Amiruddin A.A
Published: December 2021

The study aims to determine the effect of cavities on the load capacity of reinforced concrete slabs when compared to massive reinforced concrete slabs that have the same thickness, with the hope of reducing the structure’s weight and the use of concrete materials. The modified PVC pipes, as cavity formers, will be placed in the tensile area without reducing the flexural strength that is caused by the weak nature of concrete against tensile strength. The test is carried out on a full scale against 14 cm thick solid plates (PP-1), and hollow plates, which use modified PVC pipes (PB-2), with a cavity diameter of 7.6 cm that has the same thickness. The test uses joint supports on all four sides and the loading pattern is evenly distributed. All slabs are made, on the spot, of cast concrete with the same size and distance between the reinforcement. PVC hollow plate (PB-2) has the same effective thickness as solid plate but has 14% less concrete volume. The maximum load capacity on the solid plate (PP-1) is 522.66 kN and on the hollow plate (PB-2) is 444.33 kN. The melting capacity on the solid plate (PP-1) is 373,515 kN and on the hollow plate (PB-2) is 325,935 kN. Initial crack load capacity on the solid plate (PP-1) is 19.5 kN and on the hollow plate (PB-2) is 16.75 kN
Design and Analysis of Solar Water Pumping for Salt Production in Indonesia
Authors: Kunaifi  , Liliana  , Simaremare Harris , Mulyono  , Anjarjati Wahyu
Published: December 2021

Salt production farmers in Patutrejo Village, Purworejo Regency, spend nearly Rp. 10 million per year for diesel water pump operational costs. The cost of fuel is the heaviest financial burden for the farmers. Not only is it expensive, but fuel scarcity is also a serious issue causing the salt production capacity target cannot be assured, and the increasing demand for salt cannot be met. This study proposes using a solar water pump system (SWPS) as an alternative solution for the farmers to ensure and increase salt production. For a group of farmers in Patutrejo who require pumping around 35 m3 of seawater each day, a photovoltaic (PV) panel of 900 Wp and a DC pump of 700 Watt can perform the task sufficiently. The total capital cost of the SWPS is Rp. 90 million, with a simple payback period (SPP) of 9.5 years. The SPP would be shorter if future fuel price increases were taken into account. With a lifetime of up to 25 years, SWPS promises a long-term, practical, reliable, and sustainable solution for salt farmers in Patutrejo.
Experimental and Simulation of Solar Drying Cabinet with PCM and SiO2 Materials
Authors: Diana Lohdy , Safitra Arrad Ghani , Sholihah Fifi Hesty , Hanuntiarso Faris
Published: December 2021

Solar energy is a potential renewable source in Indonesia, especially for the drying process. The process needs a drying cabinet as a support component to store the drying product. A high-quality drying cabinet to store heat for a long time is needed. This research aims to compare the thermal performance of the drying cabinet without PCM (phase change material) and SiO2 materials or DC I (drying cabinet I) with the drying cabinet that uses PCM and SiO2 materials or DC II (drying cabinet II). The research was carried out by experimental and simulation to investigate thermal performance and fluid flow characteristics. The experiment was carried out inside the laboratory to set uniform initial parameters and the simulation using computational fluid dynamics software. The drying cabinet was modeled in 3D. The experiment result showed DC II had a higher air temperature and lowered relative air humidity for two hours than DC I. The simulation result showed air temperature differences and backflow in the air streamline in the DC II.
Gas Turbine Compressor Configuration Analysis for Production and Efficiency Optimization at PT Saka Indonesia Pangkah Ltd.
Authors: Afandy Muhammad Arif , Ramadhani Ifani P , Biyanto Totok R
Published: December 2021

Gas Turbine Compressors are used by Saka Indonesia Pangkah Ltd. in upstream oil and gas facilities either to boost hydrocarbon products to downstream facilities or to lift liquid hydrocarbon as a common artificial method. As production rate declining leads to gas supply deficiency to the compressors, the operating point move to surge line away from the best efficiency point. Gas feed shortage affecting the compressor’s performance which contributed to head and flow capacity. This condition is then calculated and simulated using UNISIM Design Simulator to get optimum configuration results. The simulation was performed at the same gas turbine shaft power output of each compressor. Two cases of centrifugal compressors configuration with different functions and performance are studied. Due to process dynamic conditions, constraint parameter is considered as per desired operating point. This paper also analyses techno-economic aspects between individual and serial pipelines arrangement of the two compressors by evaluating operational data and design calculation. Subsequently, this study produces assessment observations associated with the compressor performance both in individual and serial configuration and eventually analyses the rate of fuel consumption in the gas turbines as the main driver. The case study shows serial arrangement between MPC-1 and GLC with same gas turbine shaft power as individual configuration can reduce fuel consumption up to 47 kg/hr. It saves as much as USD 7,569.96 per day at low demand and USD 7,569.96 at high-demand cases.
Proton therapy facilities: an overview of the development in recent years
Authors: Aliyah F , Pinasti S G , Rahman A A
Published: December 2021

Since its discovery in 1946, Proton therapy has continued to overgrow from the number of units installed in various countries and the technology used. This paper aims to provide an overview of the development of proton therapy facilities to date based on a literature review. The results are discussed in several aspects, including its distribution across the globe, beam delivery techniques, dose verification, room layout, and shielding design considerations.
Role of Renewable Energy in India’s Energy Basket
Authors: Girish G P , Singh Sweta
Published: December 2021

World is witnessing a trend of countries adopting renewable energy sources viz.a.viz. Fossil fuels dominated energy sources. International Energy Agency believes that by 2025 energy produced from Renewable energy sources will most likely surpass electricity generated by coal. India being one of the largest producer and consumer of electricity in the world is already one of the largest producers of energy from renewable sources in the world with 38%+ of India’s total installed capacity from renewable energy sources. In this study we analyze and review the role that Renewable Energy is going to play in India’s Energy basket. With growing dependence on non-fossil fuels, it’s imperative for industry participants, policy makers, governments and researchers to decipher what is the role that is going to be played by energy produced from renewable energy sources in India’s energy basket from a strategic as well as policy making perspective.
TLC-based fingerprinting for Phyllanthus niruri from diverse geographical origins in East and Central Java Indonesia
Authors: Kartini K , Wulandari W A , Jayani N I E , Setiawan F
Published: December 2021

Phyllanthus niruriL. (meniran), the member ofEuphorbiaceae, is a medicinal plant that is commonly found in tropical and sub-tropical areas such as Asia, America, and China. Various factors such as environment, geographical location, harvest time, and post-harvest process can affect the quality of crude drugs produced fromP. niruri. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of meniran herbs obtained from 15 geographical origins in East and Central Java, Indonesia using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) profiles analyzed by chemometrics. TLC was carried out using TLC plate Si Gel 60 GF254 as stationary phase; toluene, ethyl acetate, methanol, 85% formic acid (75:25:25:6) as mobile phase; and visualized using NP/PEG Reagent. The results showed TLC-fingerprinting combined with chemometric (PCA and CA) analyses were able to discriminate the origin ofP. nirurifrom different geographical origins.P. nirurifrom 15 locations of East and Central Java Indonesia were classified into 5 groups based on their chemical similarity. The samples that are grouped in one cluster have the similar quality of chemical compounds, while the samples in different clusters also have different qualities.
Agro-morphological characterization based genetic diversity of Indonesian local rice germplasm
Authors: Mulsanti I W , Risliawati A , Yunani N
Published: December 2021

The present study was carried out to characterize 103 Indonesian local rice germplasm on the basis of 20 agro-morphological traits. The local rice germplasm originated from Riau and Jambi province in Sumatera island. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to analyzed 11 quantitative data. PCA explained the genetic diversity of the rice germplasm accession. Most of the morphological characters showed variation in different accession. PC1 and PC2 explained about 32.5% and 22.1% of the variability, respectively. PCI and PC2 mostly related with traits such as productive tiller number (PTN), vegetative tiller number (VTN), plant height (PH), and culm length (CL). PCA-Biplot showed accession from Jambi and Riau manage to be separated, even though the PCA percent is only 54.6%. Accession originated from Riau marked by number of tillers (PTN, VTN), and grain weight (GW) traits. Based on cluster analysis, rice germplasm grouped in to 4 main clusters. Most of the accession from Jambi and Riau grouped in the same cluster, which is cluster I. Whereas eight local accessions from Riau grouped in the same cluster separately (cluster II). Two accession which are Padi Jarum (Acc 2711) and Ketan Hitam (Acc 9300) are individually, separated from others.
Javan langur responses to the repeated exposure of ground survey and novel stimulus, unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: Rahman D A , Setiawan Y , Rahman A A A F , Martiyani T R
Published: December 2021

The use of small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs; a.k.a “drones”) for ecological monitoring, conservation campaign, and management is increasing enormously. UAVs operate at low altitudes (<150 m) and in any terrain; thus, they are susceptible to interact with local fauna, generating a new type of anthropogenic disturbance that has not been systematically evaluated. Both policy-makers and practitioners require data about the potential impacts of UAVs on natural biota, but few studies exist. The research aims to compare behavioral responses from ground-based surveys vs. UAVs flights. Moreover, we conducted two experiments of UAVs overflights, specifically aiming to assess the responses of Trachypithecus auratus. Between January and March 2021, we conducted 24 UAVs flight approaches and 12 ground surveys at Mount Halimun-Salak National Park, Indonesia. We applied generalized linear mixed-effects models and Kruskal-Wallis tests to 364 behavioral scores obtained from two independent observers. When directly compared, the detection time was higher using UAVs (χ2 = 38.50; df= 1; p < 0.050), and behavioral responses by Javan langur to UAVs overflights at > 30 m were different from responses to ground surveys were more intense. Finally, we suggest data-driven best practices for UAVs use and the design of future UAVs-wildlife response studies.
Flowering phenology and fruit formation of Capparis micracantha in the Bogor Botanic Gardens
Authors: Astuti I P , Mutaqien Z , Damayanti F , Normasiwi S , Rozak A H
Published: December 2021

Capparis micracantha is a Capparaceae family member. Generally, studies on the phenology of this species have not been widely reported. Current research focuses on the chemical composition and its potential as a medicinal plant. Additionally, another interesting phenomenon of C. micracantha is the presence of black ants. This study aims to ascertain the development of flower and fruit formation, as well as the ant-C. micracantha symbiosis. The observation was conducted from January 2017 until January 2020, twice a week at 08.00, 11.00 a.m, and 02.00 p.m., including the development of the branch, leaves, flowers, and fruit. The results indicated that C. micracantha is a shrub with beautiful flowers, both perfect and imperfect flowers. The number of imperfect flowers is approximately 80% greater than the number of perfect flowers. The fruit is round, green when immature, and red fully mature. The development period from bud into ripe fruit was between 90 and 100 days. February-April, June-August, and October-December are the fruiting seasons. The black ants coexist with this plant in a mutualistic symbiosis.
Predicting habitat suitability of critically endangered Nepenthes sumatrana
Authors: Yudaputra A
Published: December 2021

Nepenthes sumatrana is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Sumatra. It has been categorised as critically endangered based on the IUCN Red List. It often occupies in lowland tropical forest of Sumatra. Its habitat has been threatened by land use conversion in the recent decade. Due to the high threats in the wild, the conservation efforts are necessarily required. It is not possible to assess all locations that are suitable for this species. In terms of addressing that issue, Species Distribution Modelling is considered as an alternative way to identify the regions that have the similar environmental conditions to where the species is known to occur. The occurrence records were derived from Global Biodiversity Information Facility and reliable scientific papers. Topography, soil, climate and land cover were used as predictors of the model. MaxEnt algorithm was used to predict the habitat suitability. MaxEnt produces a predictive model with the AUC value of 0.833 indicating that the model has a good performance. The suitable habitats are predicted in several different locations in Sumatra. The information about predicted suitability habitat would be useful to prioritize the protected areas of this species. Furthermore, our findings would be valuable for the discovery of unknown subpopulation.
Response of banana germplasms to banana bunchy top virus
Authors: Arubi D , Giyanto  , Dinarty D , Sutanto A , Hidayat S H
Published: December 2021

Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) is one of the important viruses causing disease in bananas and its infection has the potential to cause yield loss. This study was conducted to evaluate the response of several commercial cultivars (Cavendish, Bebek, Goroho, Tanduk, and Barangan Merah) and wild accessions (Klutuk NTT, Halabanensis, SPn 001, LNT 001, and Microcarpa) of banana to BBTV infection. Transmission of BBTV was carried out through banana aphid Pentalonia nigronervosa, using 20 adult aphids per plant with an acquisition feeding period of 24 hours on BBTV-infected plants and an inoculation feeding period on healthy test plants for 48 hours. Observation on plant growth and disease intensity was conducted for 8 weeks after inoculation. At the end of the observation period, only 5 cultivars, i.e. Cavendish, Bebek, Goroho, Barangan Merah, and Halabanensis showed typical symptoms of BBTV with disease incidence reached 80%, 60%, 20%, 20%, and 20% respectively. Significant inhibition of plant height and leaves width occurred in Cavendish, Bebek, and Goroho i.e. 44.60%, 36.31%; 12.62%, 41.08%; and 25%, 10.13%, respectively. This paper discusses the need for banana germplasm exploration to find sources of resistance to BBTV.