bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender Differences in Adolescent Smoking: Mediator and Moderator Effects of Self-Generated Expected Smoking Outcomes
Authors: Vidrine Jennifer Irvin , Anderson Cheryl B. , Pollak Kathryn I. , Wetter David W.
Published: November 2011

Purpose.

To examine relations among gender, self-generated smoking-outcome expectancies, and smoking in adolescents.

Methods.

Students from one all-girls' (n = 350; 53%) and one all-boys' (n = 315; 47%) Catholic high school participated. Analyses included binary and ordinal logistic regression.

Results.

For boys, smoking behavior was associated with buzz (odds radio [OR] = 1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31–2.83, p < .001), pleasure (OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.01–2.16, p = .044), taste/smell (OR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.12–4.19, p = .022), stimulation (OR = 3.69, 95% CI: 1.32–10.28, p = .013), and exercise/sport impairment (OR = 2.84, 95% CI: 1.68–4.81, p < .001). Among girls, weight control (OR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.13–0.36, p < .001), negative aesthetics (OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.28-0.64, p < .001), addiction (OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.28–0.55, p < .001), and negative mood (OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.20–0.97, p = .041) predicted smoking. Buzz (β = 2.88, p = .004) mediated the gender-smoking relationship. Moderators included negative social (β = −0.45, p = .021) and enhance self-esteem (β = −1.07, p = .024).

Conclusion.

Interventions might benefit from tailoring on gender differences in smoking-outcome expectancies.
What Constitutes an Obesogenic Environment in Rural Communities?
Authors: Boehmer Tegan K. , Lovegreen Sarah L. , Haire-Joshu Debra , Brownson Ross C.
Published: November 2011

Purpose.

To identify perceived indicators of the physical environment associated with obesity in rural communities.

Design.

Cross-sectional telephone survey.

Setting.

Thirteen communities in rural Missouri, Tennessee, and Arkansas, 2003.

Subjects.

A total of 2510 adults completed the survey and 2210 respondents were included in the analysis (74% female, 93% white, and 27% obese).

Measures.

The 106-item survey measured perceptions of the neighborhood environment (recreational facilities, land use, transportation/safety, aesthetics, and food environment) and health-related behaviors. The primary outcome was obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m2) vs. normal weight (BMI = 18.5–24.9 kg/m2).

Analysis.

Logistic regression was used to control for age, gender, and education.

Results.

Several indicators of the perceived neighborhood environment were associated with being obese (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]), including furthest distance to the nearest recreational facility (1.8 [1.3–2.4]), unpleasant community for physical activity (1.8 [1.3–2.6]), feeling unsafe from crime (2.1 [1.5–2.9]) or traffic (1.7 [1.2–2.3]), and few nonresidential destinations (1.4 [1.0–1.9]). Distance to recreational facilities and crime safety remained significant in the multivariate model, along with dietary-fat intake, sedentary behavior, and moderate/vigorous physical activity.

Conclusion.

This study adds to a growing evidence base of environmental correlates of obesity and makes a unique contribution regarding rural communities. If causality is established, environmental interventions that target obesogenic neighborhood features may reduce the prevalence of obesity on a population level.
Development and Validation of an Instrument Measuring Individual Empowerment in Relation to Personal Health Care: The Health Care Empowerment Questionnaire (HCEQ)
Authors: Gagnon Maxime , Hébert Réjean , Dubé Micheline , Dubois Marie-France
Published: November 2011

Purpose.

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire that measures the degree of individual empowerment in relation to personal health care and services.

Design.

The questionnaire was developed by identifying individual empowerment indicators from the literature, generating corresponding items, and pretesting the tool with older persons.

Setting.

The Health Care Empowerment Questionnaire (HCEQ) was developed and validated with subjects participating in the Program of Research to Integrate Services for the Maintenance of Autonomy (PRISMA) in the Sherbrooke and Quebec City area.

Subjects.

Eight hundred seventy-three subjects agreed to participate, for a response rate of 56.28%. The mean ages of men and women were 81.1 and 82.4 years, respectively.

Analysis.

Factor analysis (exploratory and confirmatory) determined the validity of the questionnaire, and the reliability was assessed using measures of internal consistency and temporal stability (test-retest).

Results.

The multidimensional nature of the concept of individual empowerment was confirmed by three factors that explain more than 68% of the total variance. The Cronhbach's alpha coefficient of internal consistency was .83 and the intraclass correlation coefficients (test-retest) was .70 (95% CI: .48–.83).

Conclusion.

In light of these findings, the characteristics and multidimensional perspective of the HCEQ appear to be useful in advancing knowledge about individual empowerment in relation to personal health care and services.
Effects of a 10,000 Steps per Day Goal in Overweight Adults
Authors: Schneider Patrick L. , Bassett David R. , Thompson Dixie L. , Pronk Nicolaas P. , Bielak Kenneth M.
Published: November 2011

Purpose.

This study was designed (1) to examine the effects of a 10,000 steps·d−1 exercise prescription on sedentary, overweight/obese adults, and (2) to examine the effects of adherence on body composition and cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods.

Fifty-six overweight/obese adults participated in the study. Body composition and cardiovascular risk factors were determined at baseline, 20 weeks, and 36 weeks. Adherence was defined as averaging ≥ 9500 steps·d−1 from week 4 to week 36.

Results.

38 participants (68%) wore pedometers daily for 36 weeks and were available for posttesting. Significant improvements were noted in mean values for walking volume (3994 steps·d−1), body weight (–2.4 kg), body mass index (–0.8 kg·m−2), percentage body fat (–1.9%), fat mass (–2.7 kg), waist circumference (–1.8 cm), hip circumference (–1.9 cm) and high-density lipoprotein (3 mg/dl). The adherers had large improvements in body composition measures, whereas the nonadherers showed little or no change in these variables.

Discussion.

A 10,000 steps·d−1 exercise prescription resulted in weight loss over 36 weeks in previously sedentary, overweight/obese adults. Adherence to the step goal had a marked effect on the outcome.
The Road not Taken: The European Union as a Global Human Rights Actor
Authors: Búrca Gráinne de
Published: November 2011

For many, the enactment of the European Union’s Treaty of Lisbon, with its range of significant human rights provisions, marks the EU’s coming of age as a human rights actor. The Lisbon Treaty inaugurated the legally binding character of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights (EU Charter), enshrined a commitment to accede to the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), and, in Article 2 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU), identified human rights as a foundational value. These changes have already drawn comment as developments that “will change the face of the Union fundamentally,” that take the protection of rights in the EU “to a new level,” and that indicate that “the arguments for improving the status of human rights in EU law… have finally been heard. There is general agreement, in other words, that the EU has reached the high point of its engagement with human rights.
Studies on Influence of WC on Scratch and Hot Corrosion Resistance of AISI H13 Steel by Flame-Sprayed Coatings of EWAC 1001
Authors: Gokul Kumar K. , Arivazhagan N.
Published: November 2011

This paper presents the experimental investigations carried out to study the influence of addition of Tungsten Carbide (WC) on the scratch resistance and high-temperature corrosion behaviour of flame-sprayed EWAC 1001 coatings on the AISI H13 steel substrate. The improvement in properties was analysed by conducting various tests such as microstructural analysis, microhardness, and scratch tests. Moreover, high-temperature corrosion tests were carried out on the coated as well as uncoated AISI H13 steel by exposing the material to air oxidation at 700°C under cyclic conditions. The thermogravimetric technique was used to establish kinetics of corrosion, whereas XRD and SEM/EDAX techniques which were used to analyze the AISI H13 steel with EWAC 1001 coating containing WC showed better resistance to high-temperature corrosion as compared to that of uncoated AISI H13 steel. It is observed that the formation of Cr2O3, NiO, and NiCr2O4 contributes to the enhancement of high temperature corrosion resistance of the coating. The formation of unprotective Fe2O3 oxide leads to intense spalling and peeling of the scales in the uncoated material. The results presented in this paper would be beneficial for improving properties of tools used in the die-casting industry.
Great Saphenous Vein Conventional Surgery in Brazil's Outpatients
Authors: de Medeiros Charles Angotti Furtado , Guillaumon Ana Terezinha
Published: November 2011

Objective. Evaluate great saphenous vein conventional surgery performed on an outpatient basis. Methods. Retrospective analysis where patients complain varicose veins with saphenofemoral incompetence and great saphenous vein reflux on Doppler ultrasound. These patients were consecutively enrolled to high ligation plus stripping, either to the ankle or only to the knee, or crossectomy alone. Results. Data from 106 surgery outpatients with CEAP clinical classification is as follows: varicose veins (59.5%), edema (15.1%), skin alterations (9.4%), healed ulcer (9.4%), or open ulcer (6.6%). The techniques employed were 66 high ligations plus stripping to the ankle, 28 high ligations plus stripping to the thigh portion, and 12 crossectomy. No major complications were observed. Overall, 18% reported symptoms consistent with saphenous nerve injury. All but one belonged to the stripping to the ankle group. Conclusion. Great saphenous vein conventional surgery performed on outpatients is very safe. Nerve injury is frequent when stripping extends the ankle.
Age-Related Success with Elective Single versus Double Blastocyst Transfer
Authors: Friedman Brooke E. , Davis Lynn B. , Lathi Ruth B. , Westphal Lynn M. , Baker Valerie L. , Milki Amin A.
Published: November 2011

Background. Although the optimal outcome of assisted reproductive technology (ART) is a healthy singleton pregnancy, the rate of twin gestation from ART in women over the age of 35 is persistently high. Methods/Findings. We compared clinical pregnancy rates (PRs), ongoing pregnancy/live birth rates, and multiple gestation rates (MGRs) in 108 women who chose elective single blastocyst transfer (eSBT) to 415 women who chose elective double blastocyst transfer (eDBT) at a hospital-based IVF center. There was no significant difference in PR between eSBT and eDBT (57.4% versus 50.2%, ) nor between eSBT and eDBT within each age group: <35, 35–37, 38–40, and >40. The risk of multiple gestations, however, was greatly increased between eSBT and eDBT (1.6 versus 32.4%, ), and this difference did not vary across age groups. Conclusion(s). Women undergoing eDBT are at uniformly high risk of multiple gestation regardless of age. eSBT appears to significantly lower the risk of multiple gestation without compromising PR.
Inhibition of focal adhesion kinase prevents experimental lung fibrosis and myofibroblast formation
Authors: Lagares David , Busnadiego Oscar , García‐Fernández Rosa Ana , Kapoor Mohit , Liu Shangxi , Carter David E. , Abraham David , Shi‐Wen Xu , Carreira Patricia , Fontaine Benjamin A. , Shea Barry S. , Tager Andrew M. , Leask Andrew , Lamas Santiago , Rodríguez‐Pascual Fernando
Published: November 2011

Objective

Enhanced adhesive signaling, including activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), is a hallmark of fibroblasts from lung fibrosis patients, and FAK has therefore been hypothesized to be a key mediator of this disease. This study was undertaken to characterize the contribution of FAK to the development of pulmonary fibrosis both in vivo and in vitro.

Methods

FAK expression and activity were analyzed in lung tissue samples from lung fibrosis patients by immunohistochemistry. Mice orally treated with the FAK inhibitor PF‐562,271, or with small interfering RNA (siRNA)–mediated silencing of FAK were exposed to intratracheally instilled bleomycin to induce lung fibrosis, and lungs were harvested for histologic and biochemical analysis. Using endothelin 1 (ET‐1) as a stimulus, cell adhesion and contraction, as well as profibrotic gene expression, were studied in fibroblasts isolated from wild‐type and FAK‐deficient mouse embryos. ET–1–mediated FAK activation and gene expression were studied in primary mouse lung fibroblasts, as well as in wild‐type and β1 integrin–deficient mouse fibroblasts.

Results

FAK expression and activity were up‐regulated in fibroblast foci and remodeled vessels from lung fibrosis patients. Pharmacologic or siRNA‐mediated targeting of FAK resulted in marked abrogation of bleomycin‐induced lung fibrosis in mice. Loss of FAK impaired the acquisition of a profibrotic phenotype in response to ET‐1. Profibrotic gene expression leading to myofibroblast differentiation required cell adhesion, and was driven by JNK activation through β1 integrin/FAK signaling.

Conclusion

These results implicate FAK as a central mediator of fibrogenesis, and highlight this kinase as a potential therapeutic target in fibrotic diseases.
Provable secure proxy signature scheme without bilinear pairings
Authors: Tiwari Namita , Padhye Sahadeo
Published: November 2011

Proxy signature is an active research area in cryptography. A proxy signature scheme allows an entity to delegate his or her signing capability to another entity in such a way that the latter can sign messages on behalf of the former. Many proxy signature schemes using bilinear pairings have been proposed. But the relative computation cost of the pairing is more than 10 times of the scalar multiplication over elliptic curve group. In order to save the running time and the size of the signature, we propose a proxy signature scheme without bilinear pairings and prove its security against adaptive chosen‐message attack in random oracle model. The security of our scheme is based on the hardness of the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem. With the running time being saved greatly, our scheme is more practical than the previous related scheme for practical applications. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development and application of reduced‐order neural network model based on proper orthogonal decomposition for BOD5 monitoring: Active and online prediction
Authors: Noori R. , Karbassi A.R. , Ashrafi Kh. , Ardestani M. , Mehrdadi N.
Published: November 2011

This study aims at providing a reduced‐order neural network model (RONNM) based on proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) for online prediction of the 5 days biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5). To achieve this goal, the POD method is used to reduce the input vectors to neural network (NN) model. Evaluation of the selected RONNM and its comparison with the model fed with all input vectors (NN model) shows that it reduces not only the output error but also computational cost. Results depict that Pearson correlation coefficient (R) and root mean square error for the best fitted RONNM are 0.94 and 7.75, respectively. Furthermore, accuracy analysis of the output results of models based on developed discrepancy ratio statistic reveals that RONNM is superior. Thus, developed methodology can be considered as an effective tool to train the water resources managers for online evaluation of water quality related to BOD5. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 32: 120–127, 2013.
Nonlinear earthquake analysis of high arch dam–water–foundation rock systems
Authors: Wang Jin‐Ting , Zhang Chu‐Han , Jin Feng
Published: November 2011

A nonlinear finite element model for earthquake response analysis of arch dam–water–foundation rock systems is proposed in this paper. The model includes dynamic dam–water and dam–foundation rock interactions, the opening of contraction joints, the radiation damping of semi‐unbounded foundation rock, the compressibility of impounded water, and the upstream energy propagating along the semi‐unbounded reservoir. Meanwhile, a new equivalent force scheme is suggested to achieve free‐field input in the model. The effects of the earthquake input mechanism, joint opening, water compressibility, and radiation damping on the earthquake response of the Ertan arch dam (240 m high) in China are investigated using the proposed model. The results show that these factors significantly affect the earthquake response of the Ertan arch dam. Such factors should therefore be considered in the earthquake response analysis and earthquake safety evaluation of high arch dams. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development and validation of a liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantification of latanoprost free acid in rabbit aqueous humor and ciliary body
Authors: Zammataro Alessio , Civiale Claudine , Saletti Rosaria , Foti Salvatore
Published: November 2011

A rapid, selective and sensitive method for quantification of latanoprost free acid in rabbit aqueous humor (AH) and ciliary body (CB) using reverse phase‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI)‐mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry has been developed and validated. Quantification in AH and CB was achieved by stable isotope dilution employing tetra‐deuterated analog of latanoprost free acid, used as internal standard. Sample preparation was based on protein precipitation with methanol in AH, and on liquid extraction with a mixture of ethyl acetate and isopropanol 60:40 (v/v) in CB. Elution was achieved on an octylsilica (C8) column, using an isocratic elution method. Detection was performed on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, using ESI in positive ion selected reaction monitoring mode. Calibration curves were linear in the validated concentration ranges of 10–160 ng/mL in AH and 80–1280 ng/g in CB. The accuracy and precision values, obtained from three different sets of quality control samples, each analyzed in triplicate on three different days, were within the generally accepted criteria for analytical methods (< 15%). The limit of detection was 30.66 pg/mL in AH and 237.75 pg/g in CB. The assay proved to be accurate and precise when applied to the in vivo study of latanoprost free acid in rabbit AH and CB after single administration of an eye drops containing latanoprost. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highly sensitive and specific detection of neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid in environmental and food samples by a polyclonal antibody‐based enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay
Authors: Wang Rongmei , Wang Zhonghui , Yang Hong , Wang Yuzheng , Deng Anping
Published: November 2011

BACKGROUND: Imidacloprid is one of the main neonicotinoid insecticides widely used in agriculture owing its broad spectrum of activity and low bioaccumulation. However, imidacloprid is toxic to honey bees and other beneficial organisms, and its residues may occur in environmental and food samples, posing a potential hazard to consumers. In this study the imidacloprid derivative bearing a three‐atom length spacer was synthesized and coupled to carrier proteins. Highly sensitive and specific polyclonal antibodies against imidacloprid were successfully produced and the polyclonal antibody‐based enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (pAb‐ELISA) was developed.

RESULTS: The ELISA standard curve was constructed within the concentration range 0.1–100 ng mL−1. The IC50 value for nine standard curves was in the range 1.2–3.0 ng mL−1 and the limit of detection was 0.03–0.16 ng mL−1. The sensitivity of the assay was one order of magnitude higher than that in most published papers. There was almost no cross‐reactivity of the antibody with four structurally related compounds (acetamiprid, nicotine, clothianidin and nitenpyram) and six other compounds, indicating that the assay displays not only high sensitivity but also high specificity. No detectable imidacloprid was found in 11 collected environmental and food samples by the assay. For imidacloprid‐spiked samples, acceptable recoveries of 73.4–94.4% and intra‐assay coefficients of variation of 2.2–12.8% were obtained. The assay was also validated with high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and a good correlation of ELISA with HPLC was achieved.

CONCLUSION: The proposed ELISA provides a sensitive, specific, simple and cost‐effective quantitative/screening method for detecting imidacloprid in environmental and food samples. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Heat‐induced contraction of blood vessels
Authors: Gorisch Wolfram , Boergen Klaus‐Peter
Published: November 2011

Heat‐induced spontaneous contraction of blood vessels as observed during the application of surgical lasers was investigated experimentally. By means of extra‐vascular irrigation of veins and arteries from the rabbit mesentery in vivo with saline that had been preheated to varying temperatures in the range of 45–90°C, the temperature dependence on contraction was evaluated. It was demonstrated that lower temperature thresholds of approximately 70°C and 75°C exist for the shrinkage of veins and arteries, respectively. Ultrastructural investigation of the walls of contracted and of noncontracted vessels indicates that vessel contraction correlates with the denaturation of collagen fibrils. It was therefore concluded that the well‐known heat shrinkage effect of denatured collagen accounts for the heat‐induced vessel constriction. It is shown that on heat‐induced permanent occlusion, vessels of the type that were examined cannot be achieved reliably at temperatures of up to 90°C for 16 sec; in most cases relaxation takes place.
Internal Reorganization of Agglomerates as an Explanation of Energy Dissipation at Very Low Strain for Heterogeneous Polymer Systems
Authors: Majesté Jean‐Charles , Carrot Christian , Olalla Beatriz , Fulchiron René
Published: November 2011

The addition of a new mechanism to the Leonov model is described to capture the energy dissipation observed for highly filled systems even at very low strain values. By considering that flocs can undergo deformation before rupture, an internal reorganization within the agglomerates is introduced as a dissipative mechanism. The present improved model describes both oscillatory and strain sweep experimental results with only one additional, physically meaningful parameter: the number of hopping particles in the flocs which may be obtained from microscopic observations. Consistent values of this number are found in agreement with the histograms of the particle dispersion.

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Genetic variants of a BH3‐only pro‐apoptotic gene, PUMA, and risk of HPV16‐associated squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Zhou Ziyuan , Sturgis Erich M. , Liu Zhensheng , Wang Li‐E. , Wei Qingyi , Li Guojun
Published: November 2011

P53 up‐regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) is a critical factor in the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Through PUMA‐dependent mechanisms, human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) oncoprotein may affect apoptosis by E6‐mediated p53 degradation. To examine whether the PUMA variants modify the association between HPV16 serology and risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), we genotyped two polymorphisms in the PUMA promoter (rs3810294 and rs2032809) in 380 cases and 335 cancer‐free controls of non‐Hispanic Whites, who were frequency‐matched by age (±5 yr), sex, smoking, and drinking status. We found that each individual polymorphism had only a modest impact on risk of SCCHN, particularly in oropharyngeal cancer for rs3810294 and non‐oropharyngeal cancer for rs2032809. After we stratified the individuals by HPV16 serology, and used those with the corresponding common homozygous genotype and HPV16 seronegativity as the reference group, for each polymorphism we found that the risk of SCCHN associated with HPV16 seropositivity was higher among those with variant genotypes than those with the corresponding common homozygous genotype. Notably, this effect modification was particularly pronounced in several subgroups including never smokers, never drinkers, younger patients, and patients with oropharyngeal cancer. Furthermore, we also characterized the functional relevance of the two polymorphisms to explore the genotype–phenotype correlation. Our results suggested that the PUMA promoter polymorphisms may be a biomarker for risk of HPV16‐associated SCCHN, particularly in never smokers, never drinkers, younger patients, and patients with oropharyngeal cancer. Larger studies are needed to validate our findings. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of silibinin in human colorectal cancer cells: Targeting the activation of NF‐κB signaling
Authors: Raina Komal , Agarwal Chapla , Agarwal Rajesh
Published: November 2011

Chronic inflammation is one of the primary causes of colorectal cancer (CRC), and major inflammatory pathways implicated in CRC are cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) and iNOS; both regulated by nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) suggesting that inhibitors of these pathways could be ideal against CRC. Silibinin has shown promising efficacy against various malignancies including CRC, and therefore here we assessed whether silibinin targets NF‐κB activation and associated signaling as a mechanism of its anti‐inflammatory and anti‐cancer effects in CRC. Our results indicated that silibinin treatment (50–200 µM) of human CRC SW480, LoVo, and HT29 cells strongly inhibits tumor necrosis factor α‐induced NF‐κB activation together with decreased nuclear levels of both p65 and p50 sub‐units. Silibinin also significantly increased IκBα level with a concomitant decrease in phospho‐IκBα, without any effect on TNFR1, TRADD, and RIP2, indicating its inhibitory effect on IκB kinase α activity. Next we assessed the effect of oral silibinin feeding on NF‐κB pathway in SW480 (COX‐2 negative) and LoVo (COX‐2 positive) tumor xenografts in nude mice. Together with its inhibitory efficacy on tumor growth and progression, silibinin inhibited NF‐κB activation in both xenografts. The protein levels of various NF‐κB‐regulated molecules such as Bcl‐2, COX‐2, iNOS, VEGF, and MMPs were also decreased by silibinin in both cell culture studies and xenograft analyses, suggesting its potential to alter NF‐κB transcriptional activity. Together, these findings are highly significant in establishing for the first time that silibinin suppresses CRC growth and progression possibly through its anti‐inflammatory activity by interfering with NF‐κB activation and thus has potential against human CRC. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Validation of diagnoses of distress disorders in the US National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement (NCS‐A)
Authors: Green Jennifer Greif , Avenevoli Shelli , Gruber Michael J. , Kessler Ronald C. , Lakoma Matthew D. , Merikangas Kathleen Ries , Sampson Nancy A. , Zaslavsky Alan M.
Published: November 2011

Research diagnostic interviews need to discriminate between closely related disorders in order to allow comorbidity among mental disorders to be studied reliably. Yet conventional studies of diagnostic validity generally focus on single disorders and do not examine discriminant validity. The current study examines the validity of fully‐structured diagnoses of closely‐related distress disorders (generalized anxiety disorder, post‐traumatic stress disorder, major depressive episode, and dysthymic disorder) in the lay‐administered Composite International Diagnostic Interview Version 3.0 (CIDI) with independent clinical diagnoses based on the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School‐Age Children (K‐SADS) in the US National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement (NCS‐A). The NCS‐A is a national survey of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM‐IV) among 10,148 adolescents. A probability sub‐sample of 347 of these adolescents and their parents were administered blinded follow‐up K‐SADS interviews. Good concordance [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)] was found between diagnoses based on the CIDI and the K‐SADS for generalized anxiety disorder (AUC = 0.78), post‐traumatic stress disorder (AUC = 0.79), and major depressive episode/dysthymic disorder (AUC = 0.86). Further, the CIDI was able to effectively discriminate among different types of distress disorders in the sub‐sample of respondents with any distress disorder. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A discharge adaptor interface for use in liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
Authors: Sheen Jenn‐Feng , Ho Ya‐Hui
Published: November 2011

A discharge adaptor, composed of a metal casing and platinum (Pt) wire needle, was directly attached to an electrospray ionization (ESI) probe tip, to transform the ionization into atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI). Six generic drugs were analyzed with the developed discharge adaptor (DA) and two commercial interfaces. The DA interface produced more intense radical anions, [M].–, and less sodium adduct ions, [M + Na]+, than the ESI interface, whereas almost the same molecular ions were detected as the APCI interface. The effects of solvent and desolvation gas flow in the DA interface were similar to those in the ESI interface, but differed from those in the APCI interface. Better sensitivity of the tested drugs was obtained relative to the commercial APCI interface. For human plasma samples, the DA interface also demonstrated good tolerance to plasma matrices, linearity from 5 or 20 to 500 ng/mL (r2 > 0.99) and ruggedness. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reading Pictures: Developing Visual Literacy for Greater Comprehension
Authors: O'Neil Kathleen Ellen
Published: November 2011

Picturebooks tell stories in both words and pictures. Interacting with the printed word, the technical elements of illustration – color, line, shape and composition – work to establish and enhance the story. Sometimes simply by adding description of characters and setting, and, at times, by challenging the veracity of the text with ironic or additional information, the illustrations in picturebooks provide essential clues for comprehension. However, like any semiotic system, the elements of illustration have culturally associated meanings. For this reason, novice readers can benefit from explicit instruction in reading pictorial elements. Rather than leave the acquisition of knowledge of the culturally associated meanings to chance and time, offering young readers explicit instruction in this sign system can support their comprehension and thus perhaps accelerate their gain in reading skills. This article offers a number of activities for developing visual literacy with picturebooks, each easily accomplished in the elementary classroom.
Antecedents and Consequences of Strategic Price Management: An Analysis in the New Zealand Industrial Service Context
Authors: Indounas Kostis , Roth Stefan
Published: November 2011

The purpose of the present study is to (a) measure the extent to which selected contextual variables have an impact on the adoption of strategic pricing by industrial service providers and (b) determine the effect of the adoption of strategic pricing on the process that industrial service providers use for levying their prices. The current study represents the first attempt to empirically examine the aforementioned topics in an industrial service context. Data were collected from 120 industrial service providers operating in four different service sectors in New Zealand through a mail survey. Moreover, qualitative research through 16 in-depth interviews was carried out. Regarding the antecedents of strategic pricing, customer orientation, interfunctional co-ordination and higher formality were found to boost its adoption. With reference to the effect of strategic pricing on the pricing process used, differences were found among low and high strategic prices.
Comparison of Platelet Clumping and Complete Blood Count Results with Sysmex XT-2000iV in Feline Blood Sampled on EDTA or EDTA plus CTAD (Citrate, Theophylline, Adenosine and Dipyridamole)
Authors: Granat Fanny , Geffrè Anne , Braun Jean-Pierre , Trumel Catherine
Published: November 2011

False thrombocytopenia may result from platelet aggregation, especially in feline ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) blood specimens. Citrate, theophylline, adenosine and dipyridamole (CTAD) was added to 46 feline EDTA specimens to test its anti-aggregation action. Platelet aggregation was estimated from blood films and a complete blood count was performed with a Sysmex XT-2000iV analyser. Platelet aggregation score was >2 in 11/46 EDTA tubes and only in one EDTA + CTAD specimen. The platelet count was higher in all CTAD-supplemented tubes except one, medians measured by cytometry being 225.5 times 109/1 and 249.0 times 109/1 in EDTA and EDTA + CTAD, respectively ( P = 0.007). Adding CTAD had statistically and analytically significant but moderate effects on other blood variables, the most intense variations being observed for reticulocytes (about 3% higher in EDTA specimens) and reticulocyte indexes. Addition of CTAD to EDTA when sampling feline blood is a useful option to reduce platelet clumping.
General Perception of Word-Of-Mouth Communication as a Source of Information: The Case of Singapore
Authors: Wee Chow Hou , Lim Seck Luan , Lwin May
Published: November 2011

Word-of-mouth (WOM) is a powerful communications tool which is often beyond the control of the marketer. This study used a survey to examine WOM as a source of information by consumers. The survey involved 896 respondents of 3 different age groupings and examined three distinct areas: the importance of WOM as an information source, perception of WOM versus other sources of information, and the importance of WOM in the selection of three product types.

Results obtained from the survey showed that WOM sources were generally considered to be reliable and influential. Differences in perceptions of WOM were observed among the subsamples when one-way ANOVA was applied; for example, in different situations, the various age groups placed different emphasis on WOM.
Comparative Analysis of a Global Product
Authors: Kustin Richard Alan
Published: November 2011

Limited empirical studies have been published on the potential marketing of global products and fewer on cross-cultural comparisons of global product performance. The present study empirically tests consumer perception of a nondurable product in two markets: Israel and Australia. The study does not support all aspects of globalization theory, but does consider the possibility of a global product. The results indicate there can be pronounced differences in international consumer perceptions, which global marketers need to be aware of in considering a global marketing strategy.
Interdependence in Relationship Marketing
Authors: Blenkhorn David L. , MacKenzie Herbert F.
Published: November 2011

With the advent of relationship marketing, a paradigm shift in marketing thought is occurring, with the dimensions of bonding, reciprocity and trust receiving much attention. This paper addresses another factor in the equation - interdependence - by reviewing the extant literature, providing a conceptual model and discussing the implications for managing a portfolio of interdependent relationships.
Modelling Sport Sponsorship Selection Decisions
Authors: Aguilar-Manjarrez Rafael , Thwaites Des , Maule John
Published: November 2011

This exploratory study uses qualitative approaches to investigate the process of sponsorship choice by drawing on concepts from the buyer-behaviour and decision-making literatures. Particular attention is placed on the types of organisational purchases, buying-centre composition and decision-making models. These issues are addressed individually and subsequently integrated to develop a conceptual model that is used as an analytical framework for the study. The model is extended by the introduction of empirical evidence generated through interviews with current sponsors of sport. The findings heighten appreciation of the complexities of the sponsorship-selection process and are used as a basis for providing guidance to both sporting organisations and corporate sponsors.
‘Ring Ring’: Visual Pun or Passing Off?
Authors: Hoek Janet
Published: November 2011

Competitive reactions to sponsorship have become more aggressive and more sophisticated in recent years. While few companies risk overt transgression of statutes governing commercial behaviour, many are testing the extent to which they can undermine competitors’ activities while remaining within the law. Ambush marketing refers to one such test, and cases alleging ambush marketing have grown and look likely to continue increasing as sponsorship investment increases. This practice raises several questions which have been difficult for the courts to address. In this paper, NZO&CGA v. Telecom, a recent case alleging ambush marketing, is used as the basis of a discussion which examines managers’ use of sponsorship and relates this back to a theoretical framework, the ATR model. Ambush marketing is discussed in the context of the ATR model and a research methodology for exploring the issues raised by NZO&CGA v. Telecom is proposed.
Islam and Ideology: Towards a Typology
Authors: Shepard William E.
Published: November 2011

It is probably fair to say of labels such as “fundamentalist,” “modernist,” and “secularist,” which are in common use today in writing about modern Islam, that we cannot live very easily with them, but that we certainly cannot live without them.
September 11 as Heist
Authors: CARROLL HAMILTON
Published: November 2011

This article examines two films, James Marsh's Man on Wire and Spike Lee's Inside Man in relation to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. It looks at both films as examples of the heist genre and explores the ways in which genre conventions enable the production of meaning about the terrorist attacks. The conventions of the heist film, it argues, help make sense of September 11 by producing a different set of relations to time and space that draw on the uncanny, rather than the traumatic, nature of the events. Narrating stories of transgression, both films place the horrors of September 11 in another context. Through the genre conventions of the heist, each film offers a view of New York in which the events of September 11 and the destruction of the World Trade Center stand as the center. Not yet complete in one, already destroyed in the other, the Twin Towers haunt these films. As Man on Wire and Inside Man each attempt to make sense of the world in which the city of New York is marked most powerfully by a profound absence, it is in their uses of the heist genre that they find a representational space in which to mourn the World Trade Center and the victims of the attacks.
XIII.—Clerical Life in the Fifteenth Century, as illustrated by Proceedings of the Court of Chancery
Authors: Martin C. Trice
Published: November 2011

Some of those present may perhaps remember that nearly three years ago I read to the Society some specimens of Chancery Bills in the fifteenth century, in order to show the kind of information which they afford about the methods of business and the social habits of the period.
V. The Church of Edward the Confessor at Westminster
Authors: Robinson Joseph Armitage
Published: November 2011

In seeking to recover the form and extent of the church which St. Edward built, we have two sources of direct evidence to guide us. First, there is the scanty evidence in stone, which consists of three Norman bases which remain beneath Abbot Ware's pavement in the presbytery. Secondly, we have the written evidence of a description of the church in a biography of the king written immediately after his death.
XXI.—Notes on an Anglo-Saxon Cemetery at Market Overton, Rutland
Authors: Crowther-Beynon V. B. , Leeds E. Thurlow
Published: November 2011

Market Overton is situated about a mile from the northern border of Rutland and a little under two miles south-west from the point where the three counties of Leicester, Lincoln, and Rutland meet. Here, in August 1906, ironstone workings were begun on a fairly large scale, and these operations have continued to the present time and are likely to go on for a considerable period. In the course of the excavations a large number of antiquities have been found, ranging, in point of date, from the neolithic period down to mediaeval and later times. Some of the objects found were exhibited before the Society on Jan. 30th, 1908, when I had the honour of presenting a report as Local Secretary for Rutland. The present paper deals with finds which have occurred since my 1908 report, and will be confined to a consideration of objects of the Anglo-Saxon period, which far exceed, both in number and interest, those of other periods which have come to light at Market Overton. It is quite clear that two distinct cemeteries existed here, separated by an interval of some 400 yards. The Saxon finds described in 1908 occurred in what may be distinguished as the North Cemetery, measuring approximately half an acre in area. The present series of relics were all met with in the South Cemetery, the size of which was apparently about double that of the other.
XXIV.—The Discovery of the Remains of King Henry VI in St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle
Authors: Hope W. H. St. John
Published: November 2011

In the year 1790 the Bishop of Carlisle, Dr. John Douglas, who was also Dean of Windsor, communicated to the Society of Antiquaries an account of ‘the Vault, Body, and Monument, of Edward IV. in St. George's Chapel at Windsor ’. This forms one of the memoirs printed in the third volume of Vetusta Momintenta, and describes certain discoveries made on 13th March, 1789, ‘in making the ground to receive the new pavement’ in the north aisle of the quire.
II.—Some Remarks on the Churches of the Domesday Survey
Authors: Page William
Published: November 2011

Sir Henry Ellis, Lingard, and others have called attention to the irregularity of the entries relating to churches and priests in the Domesday Survey, and have consequently disparaged the evidence that the Survey affords of ecclesiastical organization of the eleventh century. Although there is some truth in their assertions, yet there are certain points which evolve from a study of the subject which I venture to think are worthy of the consideration of this Society.
VI.—Researches at Rickmansworth: Report on Excavations made in 1914 on behalf of the British Museum
Authors: Smith Reginald A. , Dewey Henry
Published: November 2011

After two short seasons spent in investigating the high terrace of the lower Thames, it was considered desirable to examine the gravel of a tributary, in order to equate if possible the various deposits in the two valleys, and to confirm or correct the sequence deduced from former excavatións at home and abroad. Two sites near Rickmansworth, at and just below the junction of the Gade and Colne rivers, have been known for years as productive of palaeoliths, and every facility was readily afforded for examining the gravel in pits at Croxley Green and Mill End by the respective owners, Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, and Lord Rendlesham, and the lessees, the RickmansworthGravel Co., Ltd., and Messrs. Horwood Bros. Leave of absence was granted by the Trustees of the British Museum, and nine days were devoted to the work in October, the means being provided from a fund under the control of our Vice-President, Sir Hercules Read, Keeper of the Department concerned. Assistance from the geological side was given unofficially by Mr. Dewey, of H.M. Geological Survey, who has read through the paper in manuscript, and contributes an appendix dealing with some of the geological problems involved.
XII.—Recent Discoveries in the Abbey Church of St. Austin at Canterbury
Authors: St. John Hope William
Published: November 2011

It is a matter of common knowledge that for some years past excavations have been in progress on the site of St. Austin's Abbey at Canterbury, and the Society of Antiquaries has shown a practical interest in the work by occasional help from its Research Fund. There is every reason, therefore, that the Society should be made acquainted with certain discoveries of exceptional interest that have lately been made within the abbey church by the authorities of St. Augustine's College.
I.—Our Lady of the Pew. The King's Oratory or Closet in the Palace of Westminster
Authors: Kingsford Charles Lethbridge
Published: November 2011

During the comparatively brief period of its existence references to the chapel of our Lady of the Pew are not uncommon. But so quickly did its memory perish that John Stow writing some sixty years after its disuse was at first hopelessly in error as to its position. In the original edition of his Survey of London he connected it with the house of Bethlehem Hospital by Charing Cross. This error was corrected in the second edition, where our Lady of the Pew is described as a smaller chapel, which was sometime by the chapel of St. Stephen in the Palace of Westminster. Even when the more part of the history of the Pew was accurately brought together in J. T. Smith's Antiquities of Westminster, the author so little appreciated the character of the chapel, that after remarking ‘No etymology of the term le Pew has as yet been attempted’, he went on to allege: ‘no difficulty in settling it will remain when it is remembered that the French substantive Putts means a well, and known that in or about the Palace of Westminster were no fewer than four wells still remaining.’
III—On two Marble Sculptures and a Mithraic Relief of the Roman period found in London
Authors: Haverfield F.
Published: November 2011

Roman London held a special position in the Roman province of Britain. Planted on an excellent harbour and waterway, at the meeting point of the most important roads, it quickly grew into a flourishing town. Within fifteen years of the Claudian invasion it was renowned for its trade and thronged with merchants and merchandise. Before long it became the centre of the fiscal administration, and though it was not the capital of the province, and seems never to have even attained the rank of a municipality, it received in later times the title Augusta, and a mint was set up in it. Its surviving remains fully confirm its reputation. London is the one place in our island which has yielded Roman objects of artistic merit in real abundance. In general, the province of Britain, however thoroughly Romanised, appears to have contained little of wealth and luxury, and the finest products of Roman or Romano-provincial art, whether sculpture or glass or jewelry, were seldom seen in it. So far as they do occur, they are commonest in London.