bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The correlation between the STOP-Bang score and oxygen saturation during spinal anesthesia with dexmedetomidine sedation
Authors: Yun Minsu , Kim Jiwook , Ryu Sungwon , Han Seo , Shin Yusom
Published: July 2021

Background: The STOP-BANG questionnaire is a simple screening tool with high sensitivity for the detection of severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Predicting airway obstruction would allow the safe management of sedative patients to prevent intraoperative hypoxia. This study was designed to check the correlation between the STOP-BANG score and oxygen saturation (SpO2) during sedation and confirm the availability of the STOP-BANG questionnaire as a preoperative exam for predicting the incidence of hypoxia in sedative patient management.Methods: This study included 56 patients who received spinal anesthesia. The pre-anesthesia evaluation was conducted using the STOP-Bang questionnaire. The patients were under spinal anesthesia with an average block level of T10. Dexmedetomidine was infused with a loading dose of 1 μg/kg over 10 min and a maintenance dose of 0.5 μg/kg/h until the end of the procedure. The SpO2 of the patients was recorded every 5 min.Results: The STOP-Bang score was negatively correlated with the lowest SpO2 (coefficient = –0.774, 95% confidence interval [CI]: –0.855 to –0.649, standard error [SE] = 0.054, P < 0.001). The item of “observed apnea” was the most correlated one with hypoxic events (odds ratio = 6.00, 95% CI: 1.086 to 33.145).Conclusions: The STOP-BANG score was significantly correlated with the lowest SpO2 during spinal anesthesia, which enabled the prediction of meaningful hypoxia before it occurred in the sedated patients.
Formulation of Novel Liqueurs from Juice Industry Waste: Consumer Acceptance, Phenolic Profile and Preliminary Monitoring of Antioxidant Activity and Colour Changes During Storage
Authors: Petrović Marija , Veljović Sonja , Tomić Nikola , Zlatanović Snežana , Tosti Tomislav , Vukosavljević Predrag , Gorjanović Stanislava
Published: July 2021

Research background. Apple juice is one of the most popular and liked beverages worldwide. Due to the increased health consciousness among consumers, beetroot and chokeberry juices have also rising consumption trends. Despite representing a considerable percentage of the processed fruit and rich source of bioactive compounds, fruit pomace, remaining after juice production, has still been underutilised. Here, the possibility of using apple, beetroot and chokeberry pomace in liqueur formulations is investigated.
Experimental approach. Apple and chokeberry liqueurs were produced from apple and chokeberry pomace extracts, respectively. Apple/chokeberry and apple/beetroot liqueurs were obtained by combining apple pomace with chokeberry and beetroot pomace extracts in ratios 50:50 and 70:30, respectively. The sensory quality and acceptability of freshly prepared liqueurs were evaluated by experts and consumers. Sugars and phenolics were identified and quantified by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed-amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–DAD–MS/MS), respectively. Storability was preliminarily evaluated based on monitoring of total phenolic concentration, antioxidant activity and colour each month during 6 months of storage at 4 and 22 °C.

Results and conclusions. The expert and the consumer testing indicated that apple and chokeberry pomace could be used as raw materials without any flavour corrections while apple/beetroot pomace liqueur would require modification. High total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were found in all freshly prepared liqueurs, with chokeberry liqueur being by far superior. Among identified phenolics, ellagic acid and phlorizin were quantified as the most prominent, except in chokeberry liqueur, where phlorizin was not quantified. Despite the decrease in total phenolic concentration and antioxidant activity after 6 months, liqueurs still represented a rich source of phytochemicals. The highest phenolic compound retention and antioxidant activity maintenance were observed in chokeberry liqueur. Also, the appealing colour was retained despite the changes detected in chromatic characteristics.
Novelty and scientific contribution. The possibility of apple, beetroot and chokeberry pomace restoration into the food chain by the production of liqueurs has been demonstrated for the first time. Functional and sensorial properties of newly developed liqueurs indicated that the selected pomace represents the promising raw material for liqueur production. The applied approach represents a contribution to the circular economy in juice production.
Is a Proactive Approach to Controlling Legionella in the Environment Justified?
Authors: Glažar Ivče Daniela , Rončević Dobrica , Šantić Marina , Cenov Arijana , Tomić Linšak Dijana , Mićović Vladimir , Lušić Dražen , Glad Marin , Ljubas Davor , Vukić Lušić Darija
Published: July 2021

Research background. Legionella are Gram-negative bacteria that are ubiquitous in the
natural environment. Contaminated water in man-made water systems is a potential
source of transmission of legionnaires’ disease. The aim of this study is to explore the prevalence of Legionella pneumophila in the drinking water distribution system (DWDS) of Primorje-Gorski Kotar (PGK) County, Croatia, for the period 2013–2019, coupled with the incidence of legionnaires’ disease. A number of L. pneumophila-positive samples (>100 CFU/L), serogroup distribution and the degree of contamination of specific facilities (health and aged care, tourism, and sports) were assessed. Based on the obtained results, the reasoning for the implementation of a mandatory Legionella environmental surveillance program was assessed.
Experimental approach. Sample testing for Legionella was carried out according to the standard method for enumeration of this bacterium. A heterotrophic plate count (HPC) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa number were analysed along with the basic physicochemical indicators of drinking water quality. The research period was divided into two parts, namely, the 2013–2018 period (before implementation of the prevention program, after the outbreak of legionnaires’ disease), and the year 2019 (proactive approach, no disease cases recorded).
Results and conclusion. During the 7-year observation period in PGK County, an increase in the number of samples tested for Legionella was found. An increase in Legionella-positive samples (particularly pronounced during the warmer part of the year) was recorded, along with a growing trend in the number of reported legionnaires’ disease cases. In addition to hot water systems, the risk of Legionella colonisation also applies to cold water systems. Health and aged care facilities appear to be at highest risk. In addition to the higher proportion of positive samples and a higher degree of microbiological load in these facilities, the highest proportion of L. pneumophila SGs 2-14 was identified. Due to the diagnostic limitations of the applied tests, the number of legionnaires’ disease cases is underdiagnosed.
Novelty and scientific contribution. The introduction of a mandatory preventive approach to monitoring Legionella in DWDS water samples, along with the definition of national criteria for the interpretation of the results will create the preconditions for diagnosis and adequate treatment of larger numbers of legionnaires’ disease cases.
Blackthorn Flower Extract Impact on Glycaemic Homeostasis in Normoglycemic and Alloxan-Induced Hyperglycaemic C57BL/6 Mice
Authors: Crnić Irena , Frančić Tajana , Dragičević Petar , Balta Vedran , Dragović-Uzelac Verica , Đikić Domagoj , Landeka Jurčević Irena
Published: July 2021

Research background. The use of plants and their extracts in treatments of chronic diseases is widely known in traditional medicine. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of 10-day consumption of blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.) flower extract on blood glucose, glycaemic load, serum α-amlyase activity and insulin concentration in normoglycaemic and hyperglycaemic (alloxan-induced) mice model.
Experimental approach. Normoglycaemic and hyperglycaemic (treated with alloxan,
150 mg per kg body mass) C57BL/6 mice were administered daily, during 10 days, blackthorn flower extract by gavage. The sugar mass concentration within the extract was determined by HPLC analysis. In mice, blood and serum blood glucose concentrations, and oral glucose tolerance test were determined by blood glucometer. Serum insulin concentration was determined by ELISA assay and α-amylase activity by colourimetric assay.
Results and conclusions. The blackthorn flower extract increased glucose concentrations in normoglycaemic mice by 30 % after the 1st and 5th day and by 17 % after the 10th day of consumption. It is a consequence of released sugars because sugar analysis revealed 59.8 mg/L monosaccharides, mainly fructose (55.7 mg/L) and glucose (24.3 mg/L) in the extract. On the contrary, the extract consumption reduced serum blood glucose in hyperglycaemic mice by 29 % after 10 days of treatment. Oral glucose tolerance test also confirmed that in the hyperglycaemic group treated with blackthorn flower extract glucose homeostasis was improved and showed decrease in blood glucose. Serum insulin concentration increased by 49 % and serum α-amylase activity by 46 % after 10 days of treatment with blackthorn flower extract in hyperglycaemic group. Thus, it can be concluded that blackthorn flower extract improved glucose tolerance, enhanced insulin secretion and lowered serum α-amylase activity.
Novelty and scientific contribution. The obtained results show for the first time the potentialof blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.) flower extract in hyperglycaemia management.
Prevalence of dental anxiety in patients attending the dental service of two hospitals managed by the Ministry of Health of Peru
Authors:   Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Perú., Espejo-Carrera Rosita , Asmat-Abanto Angel ,   Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Perú. Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Perú., Carruitero Marcos J. ,   Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Perú. Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Perú. Universidad de Sao Paulo, Brasil.,   Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, Perú., Del Castillo-Huertas Oscar ,   Universidad Inca Garcilaso de la Vega. Perú. Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Perú.,   Escuela Profesional de Estomatología, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Perú.,   Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Perú.
Published: July 2021

Objective: To determine the level of dental anxiety in dental patients from two hospitals managed by the Ministry of Health of Peru, between August-September 2015. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional, comparative, and observational study, carried out between August and September 2015, including a total of 660 adult patients from the Dental Service of the Hospitals Regional Docente de Trujillo and Belén de Trujillo, Peru. A questionnaire based on the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) (Cronbach's Alpha=0.77) was applied to the participating subjects. Student's t test for independent groups and the Mann-Whitney U test were used for the analysis of the results, considering a significance level of 5%. Results: The mean total anxiety score for the population was 12.05 (SD=3.76). Females (mean=12.56) presented greater anxiety than males (mean=11.53) (p<0.001), young adults (Me=12.60) presented greater anxiety than subjects in mid-adulthood (Me=11.10) (p<0.001). No difference was found in terms of hospitals (p=0.386); 96.06% of the patients evaluated presented dental anxiety, 4.09% had extreme anxiety. Conclusion: The mean dental anxiety of the studied population coincides with the level of moderate anxiety. Females and young adults presented greater anxiety. No difference was found with respect to hospitals. Likewise, 96.06% of the evaluated patients presented dental anxiety, 4.09% had extreme anxiety.
Combined periodontal regeneration of molar severely compromised by furcation, intrabony defects and attachment loss to the apex: A Case Report
Authors:   School of Health Sciences, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar, Chile, Oñate Héctor , Segovia-Chamorro Jaime ,   Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile.,   Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Clinicians tend to encounter unfavorable situations in the treatment of teeth with severe attachment loss. Periodontal regeneration has been a successful therapeutic approach in treatments that require a long-term prognosis improvement. This case shows the benefits of combined regenerative periodontal therapy in a patient with a molar severely compromised by furcation, intrabony defects and attachment loss to the apex. Case Report: The clinical case included an endo-periodontal, class III furcation and intrabony defects in a generalized periodontitis, Stage III Grade C patient. After non-surgical periodontal treatment and reevaluation, a full-thickness flap and surgical debridement were performed.Dental root surface was treated with EDTA and enamel matrix derivatives and the defects were filled with allograft and platelet-rich fibrin, additionally a collagen membrane was applied over the graft. After a 12-month follow-up there was a resolution of the intrabony defects and periodontal regeneration. Clinical and radiographic evaluation also showed the partial resolution of the class III furcation defect. Conclusion: Combined periodontal regeneration can be a therapeutic approach to improve the prognosis and prevent the extraction of molars severely compromised by furcation, intrabony defects and attachment loss to the apex.
La teoría correspondentista de la verdad y la confirmación científica
Authors: Islas Mondragón Damián
Published: July 2021

Históricamente, en los principales análisis filosóficos sobre el concepto de ‘verdad’ estuvo implícita lo que hoy se conoce como la teoría correspondentista de la verdad, la cual puede ser trazada desde Aristóteles hasta Immanuel Kant. A principios del siglo XIX, los detractores de la teoría correspondentista de la verdad comenzaron a argumentar, entre otras cosas, que esta postura es oscura, demasiado estrecha y autocomplaciente o argumentativamente circular. No obstante, en el ámbito científico algunos defensores de ciertas posturas realistas de la ciencia han considerado que la verdad es la meta cognoscitva más importante de la actividad científica. Este estudio se realizó para establecer la plausibilidad de este argumento realista. Mediante el análisis de la validez de algunos argumentos de tipo ontológico, semántico y epistémico propuestos por algunos defensores de distintas versiones del llamado ‘Realismo Científico’, con los que se intenta relacionar el éxito empírico y predictivo de las mejores teorías científicas con la verdad, se muestra que, desde un punto de vista lógico, parece difícil confirmar que tales teorías nos proporcionen conocimiento confiable del mundo natural. Se sugiere que los científicos no son agentes confirmadores; sino agentes probabilísticos, esto es, agentes que buscan calcular la probabilidad con la que un hacedor de verdad convierte en verdadero a un portador de verdad con el que la ciencia comunica sus resultados.
Optimization of torque ripples in direct torque control drives
Authors:   Linde Material Handling Rus, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Kromm Andrey , Simakov Gennady ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Topovsky Valery ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the features of the synthesis of a hybrid method for commutation of a three-phase inverter in a classic version of drives with direct torque control (DTC), which involves the use of relay characteristics in the flux- and torque control blocks. It is proved that the output voltage of a converter based on a B6-inverter formed by only six basic vectors (excluding the zero vector) limits further optimization of flux- and torque ripples in the electrical motors. It has also been proven that with the classical drives with direct torque control, the torque ripples on the motor shaft are indeed higher than in systems with pulse width modulation. An analysis of the method was carried out which could allow reducing the amplitude of the torque ripples when drives with direct torque control are applied for motors supplied with only basic vectors of the inverter due to the modified (hybrid) method of inverter commutation. The conditions under which the hybrid control method of the inverter is really capable of reducing the amplitude of the motor flux- and torque ripples are considered. Based on the analysis of the proposed solution, the law of hybrid control of the inverter is presented by means of the formation of additional vectors of its output voltage via basic vectors of the inverter. The advantages of the method include the simplicity of drive control under development or in the existing drive control system, the implementation of which is carried out exclusively by a software product. With the absence of iterative methods of mathematics, the resources of microprocessor control units are reduced, which makes this method even more attractive in low-budget electrical drives that do not claim to be "high-end" of control blocks. The oscillograms are shown of a flux and current of motor with direct torque control motor application only with six base vectors of the output voltage of a semiconductor inverter and a drive with direct torque control by the hybrid method with additional voltage vectors based on the basic vectors of the inverter.
Novelties to academia from JEGYS
Authors: TORTOP Hasan Said
Published: July 2021

Scientific journals should contribute to the creation of new academic fields as well as publishing original articles. JEGYS continues to be the platform that enables the development of the new academic field it has created with particular issues and congresses. Original articles from six different countries were published in this issue. Gifted young scientist education invites authors to develop their academic field.
Reconnecting nature and agricultural production: mixed cropping systems as a way forward sustainable intensification
Authors: Carvalho P. C. F. , Souza E. D. , Denardin L. G. O. , Kunrath T. R. , Machado D. R. , Souza Filho W. , Martins A. P. , Tiecher T.
Published: July 2021

In the last decades, population growth worldwide boosts agricultural demand for food production. This huge driver rendered global food production more and more specialized, so agricultural landscapes became uniform and monotonic. The loss of diversity is a strong evidence of how modern agricultural landscapes have been disconnecting from nature. Evidence of environmental side-effects from this pathway are abundant in literature. Now, society is pressing towards changing practices aiming for healthy diets and sustainable food production systems. This raises the question: how to reconnect nature and agriculture in the context of future food production? In this review we propose a reconnection process based on the principles of ecological intensification or sustainable intensification. The integrated crop-livestock systems (ICLS) are the most consolidated technological pathway for reconciling crop production with natural processes. These systems are diverse and can partially mimic natural ecosystems exploring the synergies of natural biological processes, while achieving high levels of food production. ICLS promote soil improvements and mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, reducing the agricultural share of global warming and climate change. Besides, these systems are more efficient in the use of nutrients and can optimize the use of other inputs such as pesticides. We present evidence of soil health and biogeochemical cycle restoration in addition to system stability improvement, and assume those symptoms as evidence of mixing crops and livestock fostering reconnection with natural processes.
Hacia un patio de recreo coeducativo: valoración de una experiencia de innovación educativa
Authors: Zapatero Ayuso Jorge Agustín , Blández Ángel Julia , Ramírez Rico Elena , Navajas Seco Rosaura
Published: July 2021

En el patio de recreo continúan transmitiéndose estereotipos y las oportunidades de acceso al ocio se ven condicionadas por razón de género. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron difundir una experiencia educativa de transformación de un patio y valorar la satisfacción del alumnado y sus familias con el cambio del patio. Para esto, se aplicó una encuesta diseñada ad hoc que incluyó cuestiones abiertas y cerradas a 145 escolares y sus familias. Se recogió también una pregunta cerrada a 66 escolares sobre el gusto por el patio antes y después de la intervención. Los resultados mostraron una alta satisfacción con la transformación del patio y un incremento significativo del gusto por este. Las familias enumeraron múltiples beneficios derivados del cambio, como la mayor variedad lúdica o la mejor organización del patio. Estos resultados justifican el desarrollo del proyecto en su contexto, pudiendo ser una referencia para otras intervenciones.
Aprendizaje basado en equipos en química general: bases teóricas e investigación
Authors: Álvarez Rivero Daniel
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo pretende realizar una reflexión sobre el recorrido por los fundamentos teóricos imprescindibles para la comprensión del enfoque metodológico de Aprendizaje Basado en Equipos (ABE), así como sus elementos esenciales, sus aspectos prácticos de implementación y una aproximación a antecedentes de investigaciones sobre la metodología. Se presenta además la narrativa de una experiencia particular en el marco de la formación del profesorado de química en el Instituto de Profesores Artigas (IPA) del Consejo de Formación en Educación (CFE), Montevideo, Uruguay y una pequeña investigación relacionada con ello. Finalmente se realiza una síntesis de discusión y conclusiones, en la que se destacan las bondades para la formación docente, así como la necesidad de profundizar en investigaciones que den mayor sustento a su aplicación.
Modelo de cuidados de enfermagem em cuidados paliativos: pesquisa convergente assistencial
Authors: Carvalho Gleyce Any Freire de Lima , AraÃºjo Anne Karoline Candido , Silva Marcela Paulino Moreira da , Enders Bertha Cruz
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Elaborar e validar um modelo de cuidados de enfermagem a pessoa em cuidados paliativos no contexto da AtenÃ§Ã£o Domiciliar. MÃ©todo: Estudo metodolÃ³gico Pesquisa Convergente Assistencial, com abordagem qualitativa.Â  O cenÃ¡rio da pesquisa serÃ¡ o ServiÃ§o de AtenÃ§Ã£o Domiciliar MunicÃ­pio de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. ApÃ³s consentimento dos responsÃ¡veis pelo serviÃ§o, e aceite dos profissionais de enfermagem que serÃ£o incluÃ­dos no estudo, a pesquisadora acompanharÃ¡ as aÃ§Ãµes de enfermagem realizadas em domicÃ­lio por meio de um roteiro, diÃ¡rio de campo, entrevista e grupo focal. Na anÃ¡lise dos dados, serÃ¡ utilizado o auxilio do software Atlas Ti.1Â®. e a construÃ§Ã£o do modelo serÃ¡ ancorada na teoria do conforto de Kolcaba. Resultados: espera-se que o modelo elaborado e validado junto aos profissionais possa contribuir com a prÃ¡tica de enfermagem a pessoa em cuidados paliativos no domicilio.
Associação entre resiliência, qualidade de vida e uso de substâncias em emergência psiquiátrica: estudo transversal
Authors: Beretta Luiza de Lima , Santos Mauro Leonardo Salvador Caldeira dos , Fuly Patrícia dos Santos Claro , Berardinelli Lina Márcia Miguéis , Santos Willian Alves dos
Published: July 2021

Objetivos: identificar possíveis associações entre qualidade de vida, uso de substâncias e resiliência de profissionais de saúde em emergência psiquiátrica. Método: estudo exploratório transversal, abordagem quantitativa. Amostragem não probabilística de conveniência, com 18 participantes. Critérios de inclusão: profissionais de saúde de nível superior e médio, de ambos os sexos, que trabalhem na emergência do hospital. Critérios de exclusão: menos de três meses de contratação, de licença ou férias. Coleta de dados em dezembro de 2016, por meio de três questionários sobre qualidade de vida, resiliência e uso de substâncias, totalizando 59 perguntas. Respostas analisadas por estatística, utilizando-se o programa SPSS. Estudo aprovado em comitê de ética. Resultados: associaram-se os domínios físico e ambiental do teste de qualidade de vida para indivíduos que consomem derivados do tabaco, não sendo evidenciada relação com resiliência. Não houve outras associações.
GARCH Models under Power Transformed Returns: Empirical Evidence from International Stock Indices
Authors: Nugroho Didit Budi , Mahatma Tundjung , Pratomo Yulius
Published: July 2021

This study evaluates the empirical performance of four power transformation families: extended Tukey, Modulus, Exponential, and Yeo--Johnson, in modeling the return in the context of GARCH(1,1) models with two error distributions: Gaussian (normal) and Student-t. We employ an Adaptive Random Walk Metropolis method in Markov Chain Monte Carlo scheme to draw parameters. Using 19 international stock indices from the Oxford-Man Institute and basing on the log likelihood, Akaike Information Criterion, Bayesian Information Criterion, and Deviance Information Criterion, the use of power transformation families to the return series clearly improves the fit of the normal GARCH(1,1) model. In particular, the Modulus transformation family provides the best fit. Under Student's t-error distribution assumption, the GARCH(1,1) models under power transformed returns perform better in few cases.
POLITICS AND MORALITY IN THE NOVEL “THE CAPITAL” BY ROBERT MENASSE
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Megela Ivan
Published: July 2021

The article illustrates the relationship between politics and morality in the novel «The Capital» written by the famous Austrian writer Robert Menasse, a recipient of the German Book Prize in 2017. The research focuses on the study of the preliminaries for the 50th anniversary of the European Commission, one of the principal bureaucratic institutions of the European Union. The article highlights the anniversary celebration settings in the Department of Culture and Education. It considers different views on the event format in terms of the fundamental provisions of the European Commission with reference to historical memory and internal conflicts within the bureaucracy. The message of the primary slogan of the project “Concentration camps – never again!” is explained, integrating the past (remembrance of Auschwitz, the Holocaust) and the present (the real state of affairs in the European Union) along with a vision of the prospective political establishment of the shared European community. In this respect, some bullet points of the report made by the professor Alois Erhart from Vienna, a think tank member and the author’s alter ego, represent a common view of substantialization of the united Europe based on overcoming contradictions between the European Union policy and the national interests of the member countries. The research examines the peculiarities of the literary space in the «The Capital». It is determined that the complexity and diversity of the work produce a hybrid novel form, incorporating the features of the intellectual prose, essay, political pamphlet, and the thriller. An important aspect, highlighted in the article, involves the issue of fiction, fabrication, factuality in terms of the author-reader game accompanying the process of sense generation and text perception. The connotation of a grotesque image of a pig running through the center of Brussels is examined from different perspectives, both as an artistic device implicated in distinct plot lines, and as a metaphor attributed to the overall state of affairs in the capital of the united Europe. The researcher’s personal contribution is to construct a framework of politics and morality based on Robert Menasse's novel “The Capital”, emphasise the role of culture in preserving historical memory, define reality modeling as a process of text generation, create an imaginary world by combining fiction and documentary.
Algorithmic model of social processes
Authors: Shalack V. I.
Published: July 2021

The development of the social sciences needs to rely on precise methods. The nomological model of explanation adopted in the natural sciences is ill-suited for the social sciences. An algorithmic model of society can be a promising solution to existing problems. In its most general form, an algorithm is a generally understood prescription for what actions to perform and in what order to achieve the desired result. Any algorithm can be represented as a set of rules of the form «If A, do D to get P». People are the bearers of this kind of rules that apply in different areas of their activities. The rules are subject to change based on personal and collective experience. There is a special mathematical discipline that studies the laws of evolution of such rules. This discipline is called genetic (evolutionary) programming. Contrary to the threatening name, the algorithmic model does not imply the deprivation of a person’s right to free choice, but it needs this right as a necessary condition for the evolution of social algorithms. These algorithms allow us to give a non-causal, but law-like explanation of many well-known social phenomena, as well as to effectively model the future, which is critically important today. A retrospective look at the evolution of social algorithms shows that the current global crisis of human society is associated with the approach to the point of singularity in their evolution. This is due to the fact that there is no need for direct human participation in the implementation of social algorithms, which is reflected in a fundamental change in the sphere of employment and less need for further development of the sciences.
Dialogs of a hybrid world
Authors: Chekletsov V. V.
Published: July 2021

The article is based on reports and discussions held during three online events organized by the Russian Research Center for the Internet of Things together with the Department of Philosophy and Sociology of South-West State University during 2021: an open discussion with the famous transhumanist philosopher David Pearce dedicated to the birthday of Jeremiah Bentham on February 15, a round table dedicated to the World Internet of Things Day on April 9, and a session within the first IoT Hot Spots conference on June 16.

The main topics for discussion this year were the consideration of the following philosophical and socio-cultural problems and concepts in the light of the development of cyberphysical systems: anthropological differences between the «posthuman» and «metahuman» projects, epistemological aspects of bio- and cybersemiotics in modern hybrid techno-social networks, the cultural dimension of remote proximity in the digital age, the ontology of the quantum complexity of the digital multiverse, the ethical dimensions of the digital economy in the post-covid period, the aesthetics of metamodernism in the smart city, the anthropocene effects of silicon addiction and the race of computing, socio-philosophical problems of management in situations of high uncertainty, political strategies for sustainable development.
Movement-Based Therapies for Resettled Refugee Populations in the United States
Authors: Kumar Gayathri S. , Soffer Gwen , Begg Danielle
Published: July 2021

Persons who are refugees may experience mental health concerns, such as posttraumatic stress disorder and depression, due to multiple layers of trauma experienced before, during, and after fleeing their country of origin. Although several health system– and community-based mental health interventions have been found to be effective in improving mental health outcomes among persons who are refugees in the United States, these services are underutilized among refugees. Movement-based and mind body–focused practices, such as yoga, may play an important role as complementary mental health supports for refugees. Data on the effectiveness of these practices in these populations are limited, and further research is needed. However, these practices can still be introduced in a safe way by trained professionals and offered as adjunctive therapeutic approaches to traditional Western psychotherapy options. We offer recommendations for clinical providers working with persons who are refugees and for movement-based facilitators and therapists on how to introduce these practices to resettled refugee populations in the United States.
Obras manuscritas y papeles de Ceán Bermúdez en la Biblioteca Nacional
Authors: Martín Abad Julián
Published: July 2021

SIN RESUMEN
Apuntes para la historia del IFESXVIII
Authors: Caso González José Miguel
Published: July 2021

SIN RESUMEN
Klaus-Dieter ERTLER, «Moralische Wochenschriften in Spanien. José Clavijo y Fajardo: “El Pensador”», Tübingen, Gunter Narr Verlag, 2003. 233 págs.
Authors: Gronemann Claudia
Published: July 2021

SIN RESUMEN
La administración pública en el reinado de Carlos III
Authors: Rodríguez Casado Vicente
Published: July 2021

SIN RESUMEN
María Victoria LÓPEZ-CORDÓN CORTEZO, «Condición femenina y razón ilustrada. Josefa Amar y Borbón». Zaragoza, Prensas Universitarias de Zaragoza, 2005. 354 págs.
Authors: Álvarez Barrientos Joaquín
Published: July 2021

SIN RESUMEN
Juan MELÉNDEZ VALDÉS, «Obras completas». Edición, introducción, glosario y notas de Antonio Astorgano Abajo. Madrid, Cátedra (Biblioteca Avrea), 2004. 1.593 págs. «Juan Meléndez Valdés y su tiempo». Ed. Jesús Cañas Murillo, Miguel Ángel Lama y José Roso Díaz. Cáceres, Junta de Extremadura / Editora Regional de Extremadura (Colección Estudio, 27). 2005, 433 págs.
Authors: Lorenzo Álvarez Elena de
Published: July 2021

SIN RESUMEN
Asturianos en el teatro popular del siglo XVIII
Authors: González Delgado Ramiro
Published: July 2021

La edición de dos piezas breves inéditas de teatro popular del siglo XVIII (larelación de figurón El asturiano ridículo en la corte y el sainete Los asturianospicados) sirve de pretexto para analizar la caracterización de los asturianos y de la lengua asturiana en el Madrid de la época.Palabras claveTEATRO POPULAR. SIGLO XVIII. ASTURIANOS. COMEDIA DE FIGURÓN. RELACIÓN. SAINETE.
La sociedad de Lleida durante el reinado de Carlos IV
Authors: Sánchez i Carcelén Antoni
Published: July 2021

En este estudio histórico titulado la «Sociedad de Lleida duranteel reinado de Carlos IV» se ha pretendido realizar un análisis de las estructuras socio-profesionales de los habitantes de Lleida durante la época de Carlos IV. A lo largo del siglo XVIII la ciudad experimentó un notable aumento demográfico gracias a la roturación de nuevas tierras, o sea, mediante un crecimiento agrícola extensivo. Además cabe resaltar que fue un importante centro de atracción de inmigrantes procedentes de los territorios circundantes, dando lugar a una población joven y predominantemente masculina. Durante el reinado de Carlos IV Lleida secaracterizó socio-económicamente por albergar un sector agrario predominante, por unas actividades secundarias destinadas esencialmente a satisfacer las necesidades cotidianas de sus habitantes (incluyendo bajo este concepto no solamente los talleres gremiales, sino las instalaciones más amplias de molinos, peleterías, jabonerías y fábricas de aguardiente), por un sector comercial muy limitado que hace suponer un volumen de comercialización bastante modesto, por un equipamientoprofesional con pocos efectivos (abogados, notarios, cirujanos y boticarios,pero no siempre médicos y casi nunca maestros), y por un grupo de notables que tienen como base económica mayoritariamente la renta agraria.PALABRAS CLAVE: Lleida. Sociedad. Carlos IV. Antiguo Régimen. Censo deFloridablanca.
Lorenzo HERVÁS Y PANDURO, «Escuela española de Sordomudos (1795)» (edición de Ángel Herrero), Alicante, Publicaciones de la Universidad de Alicante, 2008, 407 págs.
Authors: Nogueira Fos Rubén
Published: July 2021

SIN RESUMEN
Asturianos en Zacatecas (México) durante el siglo XVIII
Authors: Cuesta Alonso Marcelino
Published: July 2021

A partir del siglo XVIII comienza a desarrollarse la corriente migratoriadesde Asturias hacia América. En este trabajo pretendemos analizar laaportación que hizo Asturias al poblamiento de las tierras zacatecanas y cuáles fueron las actividades económicas a las que se dedicaron los emigrantes, así como algunas de sus costumbres sociales y los rasgos más destacados de sus vidas. Acotamos el período que va desde 1721 a 1808, el recogido en las tres fuentes utilizadas: Catálogo de Bienes de Difuntos en el Período Colonial, del Archivo Histórico del Estado de Zacatecas (AHEZ); Catálogo de Protocolos de Juan García Picón, del Archivo Histórico del Estado de Zacatecas (AHEZ); Inquisición, volumen 1129, expediente 3, f. 5, del Archivo General de la Nación (AGN) de México.PALABRAS CLAVE: Asturias. Zacatecas. Emigración. Minería.
Antonio RAYMUNDO IBÁÑEZ, marqués de Sargadelos, «Discursos económico-políticos sobre la restauración de los montes y plantíos en España (1802)», ed. de Joaquín Ocampo Suárez-Valdés, Oviedo, Xunta de Galicia/Real Instituto de Estudios Asturianos, 2009, 190 págs.
Authors: San José Vázquez Eduardo
Published: July 2021

SIN RESUMEN
Teoría y práctica del elogio en Campomanes
Authors: Montagut Contreras Eduardo
Published: July 2021

SIN RESUMEN
El «Diario de los Literatos de España» y sus modelos
Authors: Ruiz Veintemilla Jesús M.
Published: July 2021

SIN RESUMEN
Filosofía y ciencia en los estudios sobre el territorio en España durante el siglo XVIII
Authors: Capel Horacio
Published: July 2021

SIN RESUMEN
Pterygopalatine fossa block and dexmedetomidine as components of stress-limiting anesthesia in ophthalmic surgery
Authors: Mynka Nadezhda V. , Kobelyatskyy Yuriy Yu.
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: To date, surgical interventions continue to be accompanied by a high proportion of complications and even death. In half of the cases, mortality and serious postoperative complications could have been prevented. After a comprehensive study of the factors affecting the prolongation of hospitalization and rehabilitation (Kehlet H., 1997; Kehlet H., Wilmore D., 2002), surgical stress response was identified as the most significant inducer of dysfunction among various organs and systems. General anesthesia, in its classical sense, is not able to provide patients with complete protection against surgical trauma. Comprehensive protection can be obtained through a combination of general and local anesthesia and stress-protective drugs.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the proposed scheme of stress-limiting anesthesia in ophthalmic surgery patients with corneal transplantation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study provides a comparative characterization of the severity of the stress response and pain syndrome in patients operated under the conditions of classical general anesthesia (group K) and those who received the scheme of stress-limiting anesthesia (group DB). Multicomponent anesthesia was administered in both groups. Sibazone was used for sedation in group K, whereas dexmedetomidine was used in group DB. The patients in group DB underwent local anesthesia before surgery. The main criteria for assessing the results were as follows: hemodynamic stability, blood glucose, level of venous blood leukocytes, and severity of pain according to the VAS in the postoperative period.
RESULTS: Both schemes helped avoid pronounced fluctuations in hemodynamic and gas exchange parameters at all stages of the study. The analysis of blood glucose and leukocyte counts showed that patients in group K had a more significant deviation for both indicators from the preoperative level than those in group DB. In the study of pain syndrome, group K showed higher levels of pain according to the VAS than group DB.
CONCLUSION: The scheme of stress-limiting anesthesia enables the control of postoperative pain without the additional use of narcotic analgesics and blockades in the postoperative period.
Intravenous lidocaine infusion: should we stop or continue?
Authors: Ovechkin Alexey Mikhailovich
Published: July 2021

The article is a response to an editorial published in the February 2021 issue of Anesthesia that negatively assessed the prospects for the intravenous infusion of lidocaine as a component of postoperative analgesia. The issues regarding the effectiveness and safety of this technique are considered. The data on evidence-based medicine confirming the advisability of perioperative intravenous infusion of lidocaine are presented.
Current terminology of chronic pain
Authors: Koriachkin Viktor A. , Spasova Arina P. , Khinovker Vladimir V. , Levin Yaakov I. , Ivanov Dmitry O.
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: Chronic pain is a common problem that exerts a significant impact on individuals and society as a whole. Pain syndrome is one of the most common explanations for patients need for medical care, and it causes major suffering in humans. Thus far, chronic pain lacks a generally accepted terminology and classification.
The review aimed to present the current terminology and classification of chronic pain.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two independent researchers searched for publications for the period of January 2010 to October 2020 in the databases PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and the International Association for the Study of Pain. The last search query was performed on October 25, 2020. The search identified 423 studies, and 397 of them were excluded because they described the pathophysiology and treatment of chronic pain syndromes. The remaining 26 publications formed the basis of this review.
RESULTS: The review presents the current terminology and classification of chronic pain, which is defined as pain that lasts for 3 months or more after the underlying pathology is cured. The work presents the description of terms such as chronic primary pain, chronic secondary pain, cancer-associated chronic pain, chronic postoperative or post-traumatic pain, chronic neuropathic pain, chronic secondary cephalgia or orofacial pain, chronic secondary visceral pain, and chronic secondary musculoskeletal pain. Additional characteristics of chronic pain, including the intensity of pain, the severity of suffering, and physical dysfunction, are also given.
CONCLUSION: The presented modern terminology and classification of chronic pain will contribute not only to the correct formulation of diagnosis established in a patient with chronic pain but also to the implementation of multimodal analgesia, epidemiological studies and, ultimately, the choice of proper strategy for addressing chronic pain by healthcare organizers. The result is also expected to lead to adequate funding for resolving this intricate problem.
Atmospheric refraction effects in space vehicle tracking
Authors: Bowers R. A.
Published: July 2021

Refraction of radio waves in the atmosphere is becoming a topic of increasing concern to space scientists as tracking systems of extremely high precision are put into operation. Already ray bending and retardation of signal are many times greater than instrumental inaccuracies in measuring arrival time and elevation angle at the various tracking sites.

A number of methods are presently in use for computation of the effects of atmospheric refraction on tracker measurements but all which have come to the writer's attention involve interpolation from tables, double precision methods on digital computers, or needlessly involved formulation.

In this paper the mathematics of earthquake seismology are used to derive new analytic expressions for the effects of atmospheric refraction on the measurements of conventional radio frequency tracking devices. These expressions are concise, accurate, and rapidly evaluated in single precision. Expressions are also derived for the effects of refraction on time derivatives of the measurements, a subject which is virtually ignored in the literature.
The effect of rupture velocity upon seismic first motions
Authors: Savage J. C.
Published: July 2021

The effect of rupture velocity upon the first motion radiated by seismic sources is to multiply the radiation pattern by a scalar factor. This modulating function is F1 = ζ/(1 − (ζ/c) cosψ) for unilateral dislocations and F2 = 2ζ/(1 − (ζ/c)2 cos2ψ) for bilateral dislocations; here ζ and c are the velocities of rupture and wave propagation respectively and ψ is the angle between the direction of rupture propagation and the radius vector to the observer. It is presumed that ζ > c. This result constitutes a correction to the first motion theories of Knopoff and Gilbert. The relation of the first motion to the complete response is shown by a sample calculation. It is concluded that the amplitude of the first half cycle of trace displacement on a seismogram is probably a valid measure of the first motion at least for major shallow-focus earthquakes.
The effect of ground transmission time on the response of long structures
Authors: Bogdanoff J. L. , Goldberg J. E. , Schiff A. J.
Published: July 2021

The influence of the transmission time of a seismic-like ground disturbance upon the response of a long structure is studied. The responses are evaluated in terms of extreme value statistics.

In view of the simplicity of the bridge model and the fact that only one numerical example was considered, the only conclusion which can be advanced at this moment is that the transmission time of a seismic disturbance should not be ignored when considering the response and safety of a long structure.
Ray theory for energy transmission in snow
Authors: Brown Jerry W.
Published: July 2021

This paper discusses the transmission of compressional waves originated by a point source at the surface of a half-space of snow. The seismic velocity of snow is assumed to be a function of only one of the space coordinates, the depth. An expression is derived from field data to show this dependence. An analysis of the rays based on Snell's law provides equations that show the ray paths of the energy and the arrival time of the energy at any point on its particular ray. The rays are graphed for several different angles of entry. The equation for arrival times is evaluated at several points in the snow, and the results compared with measured arrival times at these points. The measured times were taken from field data gathered (near Camp Century, Greenland) by the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. An equation is developed for the attenuation of intensity with horizontal distance from the explosion.
An earthquake recorded at Sea
Authors: Birch F. S.
Published: July 2021

abstract

On October 23, 1964, a seaquake was recorded on the R/V CHAIN at 01h-56m-14.5s Greenwich Mean Time. The position of the ship was 19°57′N, 55° 30′W. The record shows arrivals in fair agreement with those calculated for an average oceanic crust.
Vibrational characteristics of an earth dam
Authors: Keightley W. O.
Published: July 2021

An earth dam was excited into vibrations, in the upstream-downstream direction, by four rotating eccentric-mass vibration generators which were operated on the crest. Natural frequencies, mode shapes, and equivalent viscous modal damping constants of the dam were revealed by the forced vibrations. A theoretical analysis of the dam, based on consideration of shearing deformations only, shows moderately good agreement with the behavior which was observed at the lower frequencies.