bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Banco de termos para a prática clínica de enfermagem com idosos comunitários
Authors: Clares Jorge Wilker Bezerra , Nóbrega Maria Miriam Lima da , Guedes Maria Vilaní Cavalcante , Silva Lúcia de Fátima da , Freitas Maria Célia de
Published: October 2016

Pesquisa metodológica que objetivou construir um banco de termos para a prática clínica de enfermagem com idosos acompanhados pelas equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família, com base em documentos oficiais sobre idosos publicados no Brasil, e na Classificação Internacional para a Prática de Enfermagem (CIPE®), e validá-lo com enfermeiros especialistas da área. Foi desenvolvida no período de 2013 a 2014, baseada em análise documental, identificação, extração, normalização, validação e mapeamento cruzado de termos considerados relevantes para a prática clínica. Identificaram-se 332 termos, que foram submetidos ao processo de mapeamento cruzado, o que resultou em 271 constantes e 61 não constantes na CIPE® versão 2013. Espera-se que o uso desses termos possibilite a unificação da linguagem profissional do enfermeiro e a implementação da sistematização da assistência de enfermagem nesse nível de atenção.
Ciudadanía y emociones: hacia una verdadera interculturalidad. (A propósito de la teoría cognitiva de la emoción de Martha Nussbaum)
Authors: Novales-Alquézar Aránzazu
Published: October 2016

La democracia sustantiva en una sociedad multicultural del siglo XXI exige proyectos institucionales que eleven el nivel de solidaridad mutua para avanzar en los procesos de reconocimiento de identidades compartidas entre grupos cultural y racialmente distintos, y demanda el desarrollo de estrategias efectivas de acercamiento entre las diversas culturas y razas que permitan dar forma a la realización eficaz de objetivos comunes a todas ellas y desarrollar la idea de ciudadanía. Sobre la base de una razón compasiva, y dada la relación entre las emociones y el fuerte sentido de identidad de individuos y grupos, uno de estos proyectos debería consistir en eliminar las barreras emocionales para incluir al otro definidas, en gran medida, por las instituciones. A partir de la teoría cognitiva de la emoción de Nussbaum, se analizan elementos que pueden contribuir al desarrollo de una cultura pública de la igualdad y de la compasión civil. Necesitamos proyectos políticos para controlar los efectos dañinos del miedo, la envidia, la vergüenza y el asco. Este daño puede observarse en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos sobre el asco hacia algunos grupos raciales (v. gr., apestosos judíos), la "vergüenza negra" o la envidia o el odio racial.
Entre derechos implícitos y derechos naturales: la Corte IDH y la no discriminación por orientación sexual en el caso Atala
Authors: Chávez-Fernández Postigo José , Valdivia-Aguilar Trilce
Published: October 2016

En este trabajo haremos un breve paralelo entre, por un lado, los argumentos que utiliza la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos para establecer un supuesto derecho implícito a la no discriminación por orientación sexual en el caso Atala y, por otro lado, los argumentos que puede utilizar el iusnaturalismo para postular derechos naturales “subsiguientes” como derechos humanos no positivados autoritativamente a partir de la naturaleza humana. En este sentido, no nos ocuparemos aquí ni de reseñar, ni de refutar sistemáticamente los presupuestos, los argumentos o las conclusiones generales de la sentencia que se usará de ejemplo. Antes bien, el paralelo ofrecido nos permitirá evidenciar algunas de las ventajas teóricas de una aproximación iusnaturalista que, sin dejar de considerar la fuerza de la dimensión positiva del derecho, reconozca en la naturaleza humana el criterio normativo material primordial del establecimiento de los derechos humanos.
The Extent of Internal Control Units in the Government Sector with the Regulatory Standards of the International Organization of Supreme Audit Control Bodies (INTOSAI) in Jordan
Authors: Alhawatmeh Omar
Published: October 2016

The purpose of this study is to statement the extent of internal control units in the government sector with the regulatory standards of the international organization of supreme audit control bodies (INTOSAI). In order to achieve the objectives of the study and the testing of hypotheses, the researcher designed a questionnaire, This questionnaire was distributed to  Ministries, Department, dependent and independent institutions, a representative sample was selected to represent Ministries, Departments, dependent and independent institution study sample consist of internal control managers, directors control and employees, Out of the (300) questionnaires distributed, 249 were recovered with an adoption rate of 83%., For the statistical analysis purposes. The results showed that the commitment of internal control units in the Government sector regulatory standards, field standards, reporting standards of the international organization of Supreme Audit controls and accountability in General moderately came with the arithmetic mean and standard deviation, respectively (3.003) (0.535), and (3. 542) (0.610), and (3. 482) (1.022), The researcher attributed this result to it. Thus, the researcher attributed this result to the  mechanism of internal control units action need to action strategies and future plans for its experience, skills and capabilities of both managers and workers employed by administrative government units and the need to strive towards the adoption of regulatory standards for the international organization of supreme audit control bodies (INTOSAI) in the Government sector, Based on the results of the study, the researcher recommended the need for attention to the human element as one of the main components of internal control system. This is in terms of training and development to keep pace with scientific progress and the practical need to emphasize the reformulation of some legislation. Also, it helps with some of the aspects due to the need for harmonization between legislation. In addition, it helps with professional international standards, especially supreme control standards which give importance and effectiveness to financial control and other recommendations.
Los nuevos retos
Authors: Banegas Gonzáles Oscar Gerardo
Published: October 2016

Acta Pediátrica Hondureña, Vol. 6, No. 1 Abril 2015 a Septiembre 2015: 391
Investigación, docencia e innovación educativa
Authors: Quintanilla Martha Leticia
Published: October 2016

UNAH INNOV@ No 4 2015 pág. 3-4
Telecentro UNAH-CURLA Roatán: El primer año de una experiencia innovadora
Authors: Colón Adelfa Patricia , Quintanilla Martha Leticia
Published: October 2016

En este artículo se presenta la experiencia de la implementación de la modalidad virtual a través del Telecentro de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, UNAH, en Roatán, Islas de la Bahía, en su primer año de funcionamiento. Este el cuarto proyecto de este tipo que implementa la institución y sigue los principios de equidad, pertinencia y calidad. El Telecentro de Roatán se creó en el año 2013 siendo el Centro Universitario Regional del Litoral Atlántico, CURLA, el nodo central de la Red Educativa del Atlántico. Su objetivo es brindar una oportunidad de acceso a la educación superior a los jóvenes del departamento insular de Islas de la Bahía, donde la UNAH no tenía presencia. Más de 50 estudiantes se forman a través del Telecentro en la Licenciatura en Ecoturismo y el Técnico en Microfinanzas en modalidad virtual. Las buenas prácticas, las lecciones aprendidas y los principales desafíos de una modalidad formativa innovadora para la UNAH y el país, se plantean como resultado del análisis de un proyecto de innovación educativa, que llegó a su primer año, aportando una amplia cantidad de insumos para la mejora continua de estos procesos innovadores en la educación superior hondureña.UNAH INNOV@ No 4 2015 pág. 5-10
COMPACTAÇÃO DE UM CAMBISSOLO CAUSADA POR MÁQUINAS DE COLHEITA FLORESTAL ESPACIALIZADA COM GEOESTATÍSTICA
Authors: Sampietro Jean Alberto , Lopes Eduardo da Silva
Published: October 2016

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o impacto e a extensão em que Resistência à Penetração (RP) de um Cambissolo Húmico é afetada pelo tráfego de máquinas de colheita da madeira em povoamentos de Pinus taeda, utilizando métodos geoestatísticos. O estudo foi conduzido em áreas de uma empresa florestal localizada em Santa Catarina. Os tratamentos avaliados advieram da simulação de diferentes intensidades de tráfego. Foram realizadas leituras de RP nas trilhas de passagem dos rodados das máquinas e transversalmente em intervalos de 0,25 até 1,00 m e entre rodados, perfazendo uma malha de 5 x 20 m, sendo 55 pontos por tratamento e 330 no total, com dados obtidos em intervalos de 0,01 m até 0,80 m de profundidade. Os dados foram avaliados por estatística descritiva e ajustaram-se modelos de semivariogramas para análise da dependência espacial e posterior realização de krigagem ordinária. Houve grande amplitude e variação da RP e predominância de ajuste de semivariogramas do tipo gaussiano, com forte grau de dependência espacial, de 0,774 a 0,929, e alcance variando de 0,83 a 2,12 m. Os métodos geoestatísticos permitiram determinar a extensão dos efeitos do tráfego, podendo servir de subsídio para melhoria no manejo do solo e planejamento das operações florestais.
The inhabitants of Gacko at work in Dubrovnik (XIV-XV century)
Authors: Pekić Radmilo
Published: October 2016

The process of emigration from the area of Hum and Trebinje area to medieval Dubrovnik as a phenomenon existed for centuries. The causes for this were differents in different periods, and it's already well documented. However, from this broad process, this paper is limited to the population of Gacko only, which emigrated during the XIV and XV century in Dubrovnik to find a job and to learn a skill of a craft. On the basis of published and unpublished sources from Dubrovnik, the author establishes the conditions under which the medieval population from Gacko served and learned crafts in Dubrovnik.
The Stature of Salary: Raised Expectations or a Tall Tale?
Authors: Lesser Larry
Published: October 2016

Short items from the media focus mathematics appropriate for classroom study.
Tiles in a Circle
Authors: Metz James
Published: October 2016

Photographs are a springboard for mathematical inquiry.
The Place and Purpose of Combinatorics
Authors: Hurdle Zach , Warshauer Max , White Alex
Published: October 2016

The union of curriculum goals intersects with math education standards.
Selecting Systems of Linear Equations
Authors: Otten Samuel , Otten Andrew
Published: October 2016

Students make strategic choices–and justify them–to solve a system of two linear equations.
The Locker Problem: An Open and Shut Case
Authors: Kimani Patrick M. , Olanoff Dana , Masingila Joanna O.
Published: October 2016

The Mathematics Teaching Practices open the door to helping students engage with meaningful mathematics.
All Talk and More Action
Authors: Williams-Candek Maryellen
Published: October 2016

Students' understanding of proportional relationships become apparent during an algebra project that focuses on constructing mathematical arguments.
Riding the RAFT
Authors: Gunter Melissa D.
Published: October 2016

Writing about mathematics holds a wealth of benefits for students. When students are given opportunities to write in math class, it helps develop mathematical thinking and language (Carter 2009; McCarthy 2008; Yang 2005), encourages self-reflection (Carter 2009; Danielson 2010; O'Kelley 2013), and provides a better way to organize ideas (Linhart 2014; Rogers 2014). Many teachers incorporate journaling and other types of reflective writing into their instruction already (Sjoberg, Slavit, and Coon 2004; Sanders 2009), but what about other forms of writing? NCTM states the importance of writing, in that students in the middle grades should be “more explicit about basing their writing on a sense of audience and purpose” (NCTM 2000, p. 62). How can we help students develop this important skill in math class?.
Call for papers: Vol. 3. Núm. 5
Authors: Kult-ur Revista
Published: October 2016

Deadline for submission of original manuscripts for all sections: November 1, 2015Publication date: spring, 2016 Àgora (monographic section of the journal) devoted to: Collective and participatory art experiences in urban settings. Coord. Teresa Marín García
Des de baix, a través dels pobles
Authors: Grau Reig Vicent
Published: October 2016

Ressenya del llibre Salir del silencio. Voces de Càlig 1900-1938 de Martha E. Heard (Onada Edicions SL, 2013).
Subversiones, colaboraciones y redes. A partir de proyectos y experiencias impulsadas por Santiago Cirugeda
Authors: Parramon Arimany Ramon
Published: October 2016

Este texto pretende analizar la construcción de procesos colaborativos y de articulación de redes de trabajo, a partir de algunas experiencias impulsadas por Santiago Cirugeda entre finales de los años 90 y hasta la segunda década del 2000. Se ha utilizando una entrevista realizada en 2004 y la publicación que lleva por título Arquitecturas Colectivas. Camiones, Contenedores y Colectivos. La publicación recoge proyectos realizados entre 2007 y 2010, y hace referencia al interés y la deriva de su trabajo hacia la articulación de lo colectivo. Un proyecto que impulsó la configuración de una red de personas y colectivos, que a partir de 2010 se denominó como Arquitecturas Colectivas. Aglutina a numerosos grupos, asociaciones o colectivos de arquitectura y arte existentes en España, que trabajan desde diversas vertientes pero con un interés común por generar prácticas culturales alternativas, y con el objetivo de promover la construcción participativa en el entorno urbano. Los proyectos impulsados, durante estos años, por Cirugeda, constituyen el ejemplo de un trabajo que adquiere una perspectiva sistémica. En este caso lo sistémico toma forma a partir de la construcción de redes y la organización de colectividades diversas, que operan desde la voluntad de incidir en el espacio de lo social, mediante la configuración y uso de códigos abiertos y replicables.
Prácticas artísticas colectivas ante nuevos escenarios sociopolíticos. Procesos participativos, de autogestión y colaboración en el contexto.
Authors: López-Aparicio Pérez Isidro , Cejudo Mejías Vanesa
Published: October 2016

Los últimos escenarios sociopolíticos y las lógicas de una sociedad cada vez más interconectada nos lleva a plantear nuevos modelos de activación de la obra artística, desde su concepción, su proceso y su materialización. De aquí la necesidad de llevar a cabo un análisis de estudios de caso significativos que desde la práctica artística sean destacables por su carácter crítico y se estructuren de forma colaborativa y participativa.En este artículo planteamos un análisis del contexto conceptual y físico de distintas propuestas significativas en lo referente a las prácticas artísticas participativas que nos permitirá descifrar su potencial en la mediación, en lo pedagógico y la autogestión social. Es por lo que en la primera parte del texto se explicarán las razones por las que el humano genera arte, con la intención de entender esta “energía creativa”; para pasar a una segunda parte en donde se describe el contexto actual de la escena artística, y finalmente terminar describiendo diversas prácticas que responden a este contexto determinado, de generación de “prácticas propias” más afines a intereses del común. Con la pretensión de aportar nuevas lecturas que completen la experiencia artística del ciudadano de una forma inclusiva y participativa.
Cabanyal Portes Obertes, se acabó ¿y ahora qué? Prácticas artísticas políticas y colaborativas en la ciudad
Authors: Martínez Arroyo Emilio José
Published: October 2016

El evento de arte Cabanyal Portes Obertes, ha venido desarrollándose ininterrumpidamente desde 1998 hasta 2015 para revindicar la rehabilitación del barrio del Cabanyal de Valencia,  convirtiéndose en una referencia de arte como herramienta al servicio del movimiento ciudadano en la visibilización de sus reivindicaciones. En 2015 fruto del movimiento ciudadano se consigue la retirada del proyecto de destrucción del Cabanyal y el inicio de su rehabilitación , en este momento Cabanyal Portes Obertes siente que sus objetivos han sido cumplido y por lo tanto plantea su desaparición como evento artístico. La nueva situación política nos obliga a reflexionar como artistas cuales pueden ser las formas más útiles que pueden adoptar las propuestas artísticas para seguir apoyando las reivindicaciones ciudadanas en el nuevo contexto del Cabanyal. Surgen así Cabanyal Arxiu Viu y CraftCabanyal dos proyectos artísticos colaborativos que acompañaran al movimiento ciudadano frente a los retos que aparecen en esta nueva situación.
La manzana perdida de Russafa: estrategias de autogestión frente a procesos de gentrificación
Authors: Miquel Bartual Mijo
Published: October 2016

En el ámbito urbano se nos plantea abiertamente el reto y la necesidad de desarrollar un nuevo marco que pueda integrar protocolos de participación y gobernanza autogestionados, basados el desarrollo de estrategias bottom-up de resolución de conflictos y transformaciones urbanas. El reto para abordar este nuevo marco reside en redefinir los criterios de salud urbana para establecer nuevas relaciones en el territorio sobre bases más colaborativas, transdiciplinares e inclusivas. Vista la abundancia de solares en la ciudad de Valencia, fruto de la especulación continuada del centro histórico y del primer cinturón de Ensanche, podemos considerarlos como espacios de oportunidad, especialmente en barios sometidos a procesos de gentrificación acusada. Por ello, hemos lanzado un proyecto de reactivación de una manzana en el barrio de Russafa, esperando mejorar con ello la calidad urbana y generar un espacio en donde sea posible construir comunidad a través de ese mismo proceso deliberativo y transformador.
La nouvelle trilogie de la Cour suprême du Canada relative à la liberté d’association : source de réjouissance pour les travailleurs autonomes ?
Authors: Choko Maude
Published: October 2016

En janvier 2015, la Cour suprême du Canada a rendu une nouvelle trilogie relative à la protection constitutionnelle de la liberté d’association. Ce faisant, elle reconnaissait pour la première fois une protection constitutionnelle au « droit de grève » en vertu de la liberté d’association proclamée par l’article 2 d) de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés. Par cette trilogie, la Cour suprême renversait également une décision antérieure en décidant que l’exclusion des membres de la Gendarmerie royale du Canada du régime établi par la Loi sur les relations de travail dans la fonction publique et leur inclusion dans un programme alternatif non syndical, imposée par le Règlement de la gendarmerie royale du Canada étaient inconstitutionnelles. Le présent texte se penche sur la nouvelle interprétation que donne la Cour suprême à la liberté d’association, en invoquant les obligations internationales du Canada en matière de liberté syndicale telle que prévue par les normes de l’Organisation internationale du travail. Il analyse l’impact de la trilogie sur les travailleurs autonomes qui ne sont couverts par aucun régime de relations du travail. Dans cette perspective, il évalue dans quelle mesure la nouvelle portée dévolue à la protection constitutionnelle garantie par l’article 2 d) de la Charte est de nature à favoriser l’exercice par ces travailleurs autonomes de leur liberté syndicale.
Friedrich’s Wanderer: Paradox of the Modern Subject
Authors: Haladyn Julian Jason
Published: October 2016

L’homme vu de dos dans Le Voyageur au-dessus de la mer de nuages (1818) de Caspar David Friedrich est ici considéré en tant qu’intermédiaire interposé entre le regardeur et le paysage montagneux sublime contemplé. La subjectivité moderne se retrouvant de plus en plus éloignée du monde et séparée de tout sentiment de réalité vivable ou définissable, nous soutenons que le spectre de cette figure traduit de façon fondamentale l’abstraction croissante de l’humanité quant au monde empirique. Nous discutons de ce tableau en lien avec les problématiques contemporaines des droits de l’homme et de l’émergence de l’État-nation, et proposons qu’il démontre le paradoxe du sujet moderne humain comme toujours déjà séparé de lui-même.
Pour en finir avec les Monomanes de Géricault : considérons leur rôle dans la construction du mythe de l’artiste
Authors: Jubinville Ginette
Published: October 2016

Théodore Géricault’s Monomanes (Portraits of the Insane ; 1820s) were rediscovered in 1863, just four years before his first biography was published. This article examines this previously unstudied conjuncture in order to put to rest some of the myths surrounding these works and to show that their circulation contributed to the discourse on Géricault that was taking shape at the time. These five portraits have been described as displaying a duality that places them between art and psychiatry, between science and popular culture. This article argues that this resulted from the amalgamation of two distinct understandings of monomania : the scientific one at the time of their production and the popular one at the time of their rediscovery.
Broadband-sensitive cooperative upconversion emission of La(Ga0.5Sc0.5)O3:Er,Ni,Nb
Authors: Takeda Yasuhiko , Mizuno Shintaro , Luitel Hom Nath , Yamanaka Ken-ichi
Published: October 2016

We systematically conducted time-resolved photoluminescence measurements on La(Ga0.5Sc0.5)O3:Er,Ni,Nb to elucidate the dominant mechanism of Ni2+-sensitized Er3+ upconversion emission at approximately 0.98 µm under 1.0–1.45-µm excitation, which could significantly improve the conversion efficiency of crystalline silicon solar cells. After detailed analysis using rate equations describing the energy transfer involved in the Ni2+ and Er3+ and upconversion, we concluded that the upconversion emission is dominated by the excitation of two Er3+ emitters due to the resonance energy transfer from two Ni2+ sensitizers, followed by further excitation to the initial state of the upconversion emission caused by another energy transfer between the two first-excited Er3+, i.e., cooperative upconversion.
Photomodulation of InGaZnO thin film transistors with interfacial silver nanoparticles
Authors: Yu Jiin , Cho Jae Eun , Lee Hyeon-Mo , Park Jin-Seong , Kang Seong Jun
Published: October 2016

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were inserted between indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) and a gate insulator to enhance the generation of plasmonic photocurrent with the illumination of visible light. Ag NPs were formed on a silicon dioxide gate insulator using a thermal evaporator and a post-annealing process. Then, an amorphous IGZO active channel layer was deposited on the Ag NPs using a sputter system. The prepared Ag NPs effectively absorbed a wide wavelength range of visible light due to plasmon effects. The IGZO thin film transistors (TFTs) with interfacial Ag NPs showed a large photocurrent due to the strong coupling between localized plasmons and electrical carriers in the active channel region of the TFTs. The prepared device showed good modulation behavior under visible light even though IGZO has a wide band gap. The results indicate that interfacial Ag NPs enabled the photomodulation of IGZO TFTs when exposed to a periodic signal of low-energy visible light. This work demonstrates a useful way to develop visible-light phototransistors based on a wide band gap semiconductor and plasmonic Ag NPs.
Theoretical study of relationships among resolution, line width roughness, and sensitivity of chemically amplified extreme ultraviolet resists with photodecomposable quenchers
Authors: Kozawa Takahiro , Santillan Julius Joseph , Itani Toshiro
Published: October 2016

The resolution of chemically amplified extreme ultraviolet (EUV) resists has reached 13–15 nm. However, the line width roughness (LWR) and sensitivity are still inadequate for their application to the high-volume production of semiconductor devices. In this study, the performance of chemically amplified resists with photodecomposable quenchers were investigated by simulation based on the sensitization and reaction mechanisms of chemically amplified EUV resists. The relationships among resolution, LWR, and sensitivity were evaluated in the half-pitch ranges of 12–16 nm. The requirements for 20 mJ cm−2 and 10% critical dimension (CD) LWR are considered to be within the physical limits in the half-pitch range of 12–16 nm when an optical image with a contrast of 1 (normalized image log slope of π) is given. Depending on the given image quality and the required sensitivity, the optimization of sensitizer concentration and the increase in resist absorption coefficient and/or effective reaction radius for deprotection are required to achieve 10% CD LWR.
High rate growth of In2O3 at 1000 °C by halide vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Togashi Rie , Numata Shiyu , Hayashida Mayuko , Suga Takayuki , Goto Ken , Kuramata Akito , Yamakoshi Shigenobu , Paskov Plamen , Monemar Bo , Kumagai Yoshinao
Published: October 2016

In this work, the first-ever growth of cubic-In2O3 at 1000 °C by halide vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) was achieved, using gaseous InCl and O2 as precursors in a N2 flow. The growth rates of In2O3 layers on (001) β-Ga2O3 and (0001) sapphire substrates were 4.1 and 5.1 µm/h, respectively, even at the high growth temperature applied, which are approximately half the growth rate of β-Ga2O3 homoepitaxially grown by HVPE at 1000 °C. Theoretical thermodynamic analyses were also conducted, and results confirmed the growth of In2O3 at temperatures above 1000 °C by HVPE. The as-grown In2O3 layers were light yellow-green in color. The In2O3 layers grown on the (001) β-Ga2O3 and (0001) sapphire substrates exhibited an optical absorption edge at about 370 nm, in addition to n-type conductivity with electron concentrations of 2.7 × 1018 and 1.7 × 1018 cm−3, and electron mobilities of 16.2 and 22.7 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively.
Local-scale models reveal ecological niche variability in amphibian and reptile communities from two contrasting biogeographic regions
Authors: Muñoz Alberto , Santos Xavier , Felicísimo Ángel M.
Published: October 2016

Ecological Niche Models (ENMs) are widely used to describe how environmental factors influence species distribution. Modelling at a local scale, compared to a large scale within a high environmental gradient, can improve our understanding of ecological species niches. The main goal of this study is to assess and compare the contribution of environmental variables to amphibian and reptile ENMs in two Spanish national parks located in contrasting biogeographic regions, i.e., the Mediterranean and the Atlantic area. The ENMs were built with maximum entropy modelling using 11 environmental variables in each territory. The contributions of these variables to the models were analysed and classified using various statistical procedures (Mann–WhitneyUtests, Principal Components Analysis and General Linear Models). Distance to the hydrological network was consistently the most relevant variable for both parks and taxonomic classes. Topographic variables (i.e., slope and altitude) were the second most predictive variables, followed by climatic variables. Differences in variable contribution were observed between parks and taxonomic classes. Variables related to water availability had the larger contribution to the models in the Mediterranean park, while topography variables were decisive in the Atlantic park. Specific response curves to environmental variables were in accordance with the biogeographic affinity of species (Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean species) and taxonomy (amphibians and reptiles). Interestingly, these results were observed for species located in both parks, particularly those situated at their range limits. Our findings show that ecological niche models built at local scale reveal differences in habitat preferences within a wide environmental gradient. Therefore, modelling at local scales rather than assuming large-scale models could be preferable for the establishment of conservation strategies for herptile species in natural parks.
Expediting evidence synthesis for healthcare decision-making: exploring attitudes and perceptions towards rapid reviews using Q methodology
Authors: Kelly Shannon E. , Moher David , Clifford Tammy J.
Published: October 2016

Background

Rapid reviews expedite the knowledge synthesis process with the goal of providing timely information to healthcare decision-makers who want to use evidence-informed policy and practice approaches. A range of opinions and viewpoints on rapid reviews is thought to exist; however, no research to date has formally captured these views. This paper aims to explore evidence producer and knowledge user attitudes and perceptions towards rapid reviews.

Methods

A Q methodology study was conducted to identify central viewpoints about rapid reviews based on a broad topic discourse. Participants rank-ordered 50 text statements and explained their Q-sort in free-text comments. Individual Q-sorts were analysed using Q-Assessor (statistical method: factor analysis with varimax rotation). Factors, or salient viewpoints on rapid reviews, were identified, interpreted and described.

Results

Analysis of the 11 individual Q sorts identified three prominent viewpoints: Factor A cautions against the use of study design labels to make judgements. Factor B maintains that rapid reviews should be the exception and not the rule. Factor C focuses on the practical needs of the end-user over the review process.

Conclusion

Results show that there are opposing viewpoints on rapid reviews, yet some unity exists. The three factors described offer insight into how and why various stakeholders act as they do and what issues may need to be resolved before increase uptake of the evidence from rapid reviews can be realized in healthcare decision-making environments.
Nonvascular retinal imaging markers of preclinical Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Snyder Peter J. , Johnson Lenworth N. , Lim Yen Ying , Santos Cláudia Y. , Alber Jessica , Maruff Paul , Fernández Brian
Published: October 2016

Introduction

In patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment, structural changes in the retina (i.e., reduced thicknesses of the ganglion cell and retinal nerve fiber layers and inclusion bodies that appear to contain beta‐amyloid protein [Ab]) have been previously reported. We sought to explore whether anatomic retinal changes are detectable in the preclinical stage of AD.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study (as part of an ongoing longitudinal cohort study) involving 63 cognitively normal adults, all of whom have a parent with AD and subjective memory complaints. We compared neocortical amyloid aggregation (florbetapir PET imaging) to retinal spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) markers of possible disease burden. Retinal biomarkers, including the number and surface area of retinal inclusion bodies and the thickness of retinal neuronal layers, were compared across groups with high vs. low neocortical beta‐amyloid load.

Results

The surface area of inclusion bodies increased as a function of cortical amyloid burden. Additionally, there was a trend toward a selective volume increase in the inner plexiform layer (IPL; a layer rich in cholinergic activity) of the retina in Aβ+ relative to Aβ− participants, and IPL volume was correlated with the surface area of retinal inclusion bodies.

Discussion

These initial results suggest that retinal imaging may be a potential cost‐effective and noninvasive technique that can be used to identify those at‐risk for AD. Layer‐specific changes in the IPL and their association with surface area of inclusion bodies are discussed as a possible reflection of early inflammatory processes associated with cholinergic disruption and concurrent Ab accumulation in the neocortex.
Impact of Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation for No-Touch Terminal Room Disinfection on Clostridium difficile Infection Incidence Among Hematology-Oncology Patients
Authors: Pegues David A. , Han Jennifer , Gilmar Cheryl , McDonnell Brooke , Gaynes Steven
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the impact of no-touch terminal room no-touch disinfection using ultraviolet wavelength C germicidal irradiation (UVGI) on C. difficile infection (CDI) rates on inpatient units with persistently high rates of CDI despite infection control measures.

DESIGN

Interrupted time-series analysis with a comparison arm.

SETTING

3 adult hematology-oncology units in a large, tertiary-care hospital.

METHODS

We conducted a 12-month prospective valuation of UVGI. Rooms of patients with CDI or on contact precautions were targeted for UVGI upon discharge using an electronic patient flow system. Incidence rates of healthcare-onset CDI were compared for the baseline period (January 2013–December 2013) and intervention period (February 2014–January 2015) on study units and non–study units using a mixed-effects Poisson regression model with random effects for unit and time in months.

RESULTS

During a 52-week intervention period, UVGI was deployed for 542 of 2,569 of all patient discharges (21.1%) on the 3 study units. The CDI rate declined 25% on study units and increased 16% on non-study units during the intervention compared to the baseline period. We detected a significant association between UVGI and decrease in CDI incidence (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.26–0.94; P=.03) on the study units but not on the non-study units. The impact of UVGI use on average room-cleaning time and turnaround time was negligible compared to the baseline period.

CONCLUSIONS

Targeted deployment of UVGI to rooms of high-risk patients at discharge resulted in a substantial reduction of CDI incidence without adversely impacting room turnaround.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;1–6
Population size, distribution and status of the remote and Critically Endangered Bawean deer Axis kuhlii
Authors: Rahman Dede Aulia , Gonzalez Georges , Aulagnier Stéphane
Published: October 2016

Conservation of rare ungulates requires reliable population size estimates and distribution maps for prioritizing investments and assessing the effectiveness of conservation measures. We used both camera trapping and a random encounter model approach, and faecal pellet group counts, to update the range and population size of the Bawean deer Axis kuhlii in the Bawean Island Nature Reserve and Wildlife Sanctuary, Indonesia. We studied 2-month periods to fulfil the assumption of population closure. Both methods provided similar population density estimates (higher in the dry season) of c. 227–416 individuals. The estimated range of the species is significantly narrower than previously reported. The main threats (habitat loss as a result of illegal logging, and disturbance by dogs and hunters) are ongoing. Based on these results we suggest that the species should retain its Critically Endangered status on the IUCN Red List.
Molecular characterization and detection of variants of Taenia multiceps in sheep in Turkey
Authors: SONMEZ BETUL , KOROGLU ERGUN , SIMSEK SAMI
Published: October 2016

Taenia multiceps is a cestode (family Taeniidae) that in its adult stage lives in the small intestine of dogs and other canids. The metacestode, known as Coenurus cerebralis, is usually found in the central nervous system including brain and spinal card in sheep and other ruminants. The presence of cysts typically leads to neurological symptoms that in the majority of cases result in the death of the animal. Coenurosis could cause high losses in sheep farms because the disease commonly affects young animals. A total of 20 C. cerebralis isolates collected from naturally infected sheep in Mardin province of Turkey were characterized through the polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of a fragment of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene. The results showed that the CO1 gene sequences were highly conserved in C. cerebralis isolates. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial CO1 gene sequences revealed that C. cerebralis isolates were composed of three different variants.
Molecular characterization of 5S ribosomal RNA genes and transcripts in the protozoan parasiteLeishmania major
Authors: MORENO-CAMPOS RODRIGO , FLORENCIO-MARTÍNEZ LUIS E. , NEPOMUCENO-MEJÍA TOMÁS , ROJAS-SÁNCHEZ SAÚL , VÉLEZ-RAMÍREZ DANIEL E. , PADILLA-MEJÍA NORMA E. , FIGUEROA-ANGULO ELISA , MANNING-CELA REBECA , MARTÍNEZ-CALVILLO SANTIAGO
Published: October 2016

Eukaryotic 5S rRNA, synthesized by RNA polymerase III (Pol III), is an essential component of the large ribosomal subunit. Most organisms contain hundreds of 5S rRNA genes organized into tandem arrays. However, the genome of the protozoan parasiteLeishmania majorcontains only 11 copies of the 5S rRNA gene, which are interspersed and associated with other Pol III-transcribed genes. Here we report that, in general, the number and order of the 5S rRNA genes is conserved between different species ofLeishmania. While in most organisms 5S rRNA genes are normally associated with the nucleolus, combined fluorescentin situhybridization and indirect immunofluorescence experiments showed that 5S rRNA genes are mainly located at the nuclear periphery inL. major. Similarly, the tandemly repeated 5S rRNA genes inTrypanosoma cruziare dispersed throughout the nucleus. In contrast, 5S rRNA transcripts inL. majorwere localized within the nucleolus, and scattered throughout the cytoplasm, where mature ribosomes are located. Unlike other rRNA species, stable antisense RNA complementary to 5S rRNA is not detected inL. major.
Efficient and selective N-alkylation of amines with alcohols catalysed by manganese pincer complexes
Authors: Elangovan Saravanakumar , Neumann Jacob , Sortais Jean-Baptiste , Junge Kathrin , Darcel Christophe , Beller Matthias
Published: October 2016

Borrowing hydrogen (or hydrogen autotransfer) reactions represent straightforward and sustainable C–N bond-forming processes. In general, precious metal-based catalysts are employed for this effective transformation. In recent years, the use of earth abundant and cheap non-noble metal catalysts for this process attracted considerable attention in the scientific community. Here we show that the selective N-alkylation of amines with alcohols can be catalysed by defined PNP manganese pincer complexes. A variety of substituted anilines are monoalkylated with different (hetero)aromatic and aliphatic alcohols even in the presence of other sensitive reducible functional groups. As a special highlight, we report the chemoselective monomethylation of primary amines using methanol under mild conditions.
Mechanism of pH-dependent activation of the sodium-proton antiporter NhaA
Authors: Huang Yandong , Chen Wei , Dotson David L. , Beckstein Oliver , Shen Jana
Published: October 2016

Escherichia coli NhaA is a prototype sodium-proton antiporter, which has been extensively characterized by X-ray crystallography, biochemical and biophysical experiments. However, the identities of proton carriers and details of pH-regulated mechanism remain controversial. Here we report constant pH molecular dynamics data, which reveal that NhaA activation involves a net charge switch of a pH sensor at the entrance of the cytoplasmic funnel and opening of a hydrophobic gate at the end of the funnel. The latter is triggered by charging of Asp164, the first proton carrier. The second proton carrier Lys300 forms a salt bridge with Asp163 in the inactive state, and releases a proton when a sodium ion binds Asp163. These data reconcile current models and illustrate the power of state-of-the-art molecular dynamics simulations in providing atomic details of proton-coupled transport across membrane which is challenging to elucidate by experimental techniques.
Metal-free photochemical silylations and transfer hydrogenations of benzenoid hydrocarbons and graphene
Authors: Papadakis Raffaello , Li Hu , Bergman Joakim , Lundstedt Anna , Jorner Kjell , Ayub Rabia , Haldar Soumyajyoti , Jahn Burkhard O. , Denisova Aleksandra , Zietz Burkhard , Lindh Roland , Sanyal Biplab , Grennberg Helena , Leifer Klaus , Ottosson Henrik
Published: October 2016

The first hydrogenation step of benzene, which is endergonic in the electronic ground state (S0), becomes exergonic in the first triplet state (T1). This is in line with Baird’s rule, which tells that benzene is antiaromatic and destabilized in its T1state and also in its first singlet excited state (S1), opposite to S0, where it is aromatic and remarkably unreactive. Here we utilized this feature to show that benzene and several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to various extents undergo metal-free photochemical (hydro)silylations and transfer-hydrogenations at mild conditions, with the highest yield for naphthalene (photosilylation: 21%). Quantum chemical computations reveal that T1-state benzene is excellent at H-atom abstraction, while cyclooctatetraene, aromatic in the T1and S1states according to Baird’s rule, is unreactive. Remarkably, also CVD-graphene on SiO2is efficiently transfer-photohydrogenated using formic acid/water mixtures together with white light or solar irradiation under metal-free conditions.
Sensing the quantum limit in scanning tunnelling spectroscopy
Authors: Ast Christian R. , Jäck Berthold , Senkpiel Jacob , Eltschka Matthias , Etzkorn Markus , Ankerhold Joachim , Kern Klaus
Published: October 2016

The tunnelling current in scanning tunnelling spectroscopy (STS) is typically and often implicitly modelled by a continuous and homogeneous charge flow. If the charging energy of a single-charge quantum sufficiently exceeds the thermal energy, however, the granularity of the current becomes non-negligible. In this quantum limit, the capacitance of the tunnel junction mediates an interaction of the tunnelling electrons with the surrounding electromagnetic environment and becomes a source of noise itself, which cannot be neglected in STS. Using a scanning tunnelling microscope operating at 15 mK, we show that we operate in this quantum limit, which determines the ultimate energy resolution in STS. The P(E)-theory describes the probability for a tunnelling electron to exchange energy with the environment and can be regarded as the energy resolution function. We experimentally demonstrate this effect with a superconducting aluminium tip and a superconducting aluminium sample, where it is most pronounced.
Fragment-based de novo design of a cystathionine γ-lyase selective inhibitor blocking hydrogen sulfide production
Authors: Corvino Angela , Severino Beatrice , Fiorino Ferdinando , Frecentese Francesco , Magli Elisa , Perissutti Elisa , Santagada Vincenzo , Bucci Mariarosaria , Cirino Giuseppe , Kelly Geoff , Servillo Luigi , Popowicz Grzegorz , Pastore Annalisa , Caliendo Giuseppe
Published: October 2016

Hydrogen sulfide is an essential catabolite that intervenes in the pathophysiology of several diseases from hypertension to stroke, diabetes and pancreatitis. It is endogenously synthesized mainly by two pyridoxal-5′-phosphate-dependent enzymes involved in L-cysteine metabolism: cystathionine-ß-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE). Research in this field is currently impaired by the lack of pharmacological tools such as selective enzymatic inhibitors that could target specifically only one of these pathways. We used a novel approach based on a hybrid method that includes drug design, synthetic biology, metabolomics and pharmacological assays to rationally design a new inhibitor selective for the CSE enzyme. The identification of this compound opens new frontiers towards a better understanding of the role of CSE over CBS in the pathophysiology of diseases where a role for the H2S pathway has been proposed and the development of new lead compounds that could target the CSE enzyme.
Replenishment of microRNA-188-5p restores the synaptic and cognitive deficits in 5XFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Lee Kihwan , Kim Hyunju , An Kyongman , Kwon Oh-Bin , Park Sungjun , Cha Jin Hee , Kim Myoung-Hwan , Lee Yoontae , Kim Joung-Hun , Cho Kwangwook , Kim Hye-Sun
Published: October 2016

MicroRNAs have emerged as key factors in development, neurogenesis and synaptic functions in the central nervous system. In the present study, we investigated a pathophysiological significance of microRNA-188-5p (miR-188-5p) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We found that oligomeric Aβ1-42 treatment diminished miR-188-5p expression in primary hippocampal neuron cultures and that miR-188-5p rescued the Aβ1-42-mediated synapse elimination and synaptic dysfunctions. Moreover, the impairments in cognitive function and synaptic transmission observed in 7-month-old five familial AD (5XFAD) transgenic mice, were ameliorated via viral-mediated expression of miR-188-5p. miR-188-5p expression was down-regulated in the brain tissues from AD patients and 5XFAD mice. The addition of miR-188-5p rescued the reduction in dendritic spine density in the primary hippocampal neurons treated with oligomeric Aβ1-42 and cultured from 5XFAD mice. The reduction in the frequency of mEPSCs was also restored by addition of miR-188-5p. The impairments in basal fEPSPs and cognition observed in 7-month-old 5XFAD mice were ameliorated via the viral-mediated expression of miR-188-5p in the hippocampus. Furthermore, we found that miR-188 expression is CREB-dependent. Taken together, our results suggest that dysregulation of miR-188-5p expression contributes to the pathogenesis of AD by inducing synaptic dysfunction and cognitive deficits associated with Aβ-mediated pathophysiology in the disease.
Exposure to the Functional Bacterial Amyloid Protein Curli Enhances Alpha-Synuclein Aggregation in Aged Fischer 344 Rats and Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Chen Shu G. , Stribinskis Vilius , Rane Madhavi J. , Demuth Donald R. , Gozal Evelyne , Roberts Andrew M. , Jagadapillai Rekha , Liu Ruolan , Choe Kyonghwan , Shivakumar Bhooma , Son Francheska , Jin Shunying , Kerber Richard , Adame Anthony , Masliah Eliezer , Friedland Robert P.
Published: October 2016

Misfolded alpha-synuclein (AS) and other neurodegenerative disorder proteins display prion-like transmission of protein aggregation. Factors responsible for the initiation of AS aggregation are unknown. To evaluate the role of amyloid proteins made by the microbiota we exposed aged rats and transgenicC.eleganstoE.coliproducing the extracellular bacterial amyloid protein curli. Rats exposed to curli-producing bacteria displayed increased neuronal AS deposition in both gut and brain and enhanced microgliosis and astrogliosis compared to rats exposed to either mutant bacteria unable to synthesize curli, or to vehicle alone. Animals exposed to curli producing bacteria also had more expression of TLR2, IL-6 and TNF in the brain than the other two groups. There were no differences among the rat groups in survival, body weight, inflammation in the mouth, retina, kidneys or gut epithelia, and circulating cytokine levels. AS-expressingC.elegansfed on curli-producing bacteria also had enhanced AS aggregation. These results suggest that bacterial amyloid functions as a trigger to initiate AS aggregation through cross-seeding and also primes responses of the innate immune system.
Plasticity mechanisms in HfN at elevated and room temperature
Authors: Vinson Katherine , Yu Xiao-Xiang , De Leon Nicholas , Weinberger Christopher R. , Thompson Gregory B.
Published: October 2016

HfN specimens deformed via four-point bend tests at room temperature and at 2300 °C (~0.7 Tm) showed increased plasticity response with temperature. Dynamic diffraction via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed ⟨110⟩{111} as the primary slip system in both temperature regimes and ⟨110⟩{110} to be a secondary slip system activated at elevated temperature. Dislocation line lengths changed from a primarily linear to a curved morphology with increasing temperature suggestive of increased dislocation mobility being responsible for the brittle to ductile temperature transition. First principle generalized stacking fault energy calculations revealed an intrinsic stacking fault (ISF) along ⟨112⟩{111}, which is the partial dislocation direction for slip on these close packed planes. Though B1 structures, such as NaCl and HfC predominately slip on ⟨110⟩{110}, the ISF here is believed to facilitate slip on the {111} planes for this B1 HfN phase.