bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of Zn2+ and ClO4− in the excellent primary explosive Zn(CHZ)3(ClO4)2
Authors: Wang Kun , Dai Chaohua , Sun Chen , Cheng Longjiu , Zhang Jianguo , Zhang Tonglai
Published: November 2019

Metal carbohydrazide perchlorates (M(CHZ)3(ClO4)2, simplified as MCP, M = alkali earth metals, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cd) are a series of stable and high‐energetic compounds, in which ZnCP as an environment‐friendly and high energetic primary explosive has been applied broadly in recent 10 years. Based on the traditional viewpoints, the cleavage of Zn‐N coordinative bond initializes the decomposition, where the perchlorate is only an oxidizing agent in ZnCP. However, by applying CPMD method, we prove the decomposition is not only from the cleavage of coordinative bond, but also with the synergetic homolysis of the Cl‐O bond of perchlorate. We find the relationship between the explosive performance and the centre metal in ZnCP. The electronic structure suggests Zn2+ is a stabilizer in the complex under the ambient condition. But in the decomposition, Zn2+ is a catalyst and an anion‐carrier in the explosion. For ZnCP, the initial process of the decomposition proceeds as the synergetic oxygen transferring mechanism, but it is a stepwise ring‐opening mechanism in the deflagration to detonation transition process. The total explosion pathways of ZnCP are descripted in our simulation.
Minimax particle filtering for tracking a highly maneuvering target
Authors: Lim Jaechan , Kim Hun‐Seok , Park Hyung‐Min
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we propose a new framework of particle filtering that adopts the minimax strategy. In the approach, we minimize a maximized risk, and the process of the risk maximization is reflected when computing the weights of particles. This scheme results in the significantly reduced variance of the weights of particles that enables the robustness against the degeneracy problem, and we can obtain improved quality of particles. The proposed approach is robust against environmentally adverse scenarios, particularly when the state of a target is highly maneuvering. Furthermore, we can reduce the computational complexity by avoiding the computation of a complex joint probability density function. We investigate the new method by comparing its performance to that of standard particle filtering and verify its effectiveness through experiments. The employed strategy can be adopted for any other variants of particle filtering to enhance tracking performance.
One‐step synthesis of novel flower‐like Sn‐doped ZnO architectures with enhanced photocatalytic activity
Authors: Zhang Ning , Chu Deqing , Wang Limin
Published: November 2019

A facile hydrothermal method to synthesize flower‐like Sn‐doped ZnO (FLSn‐ZnO) nanostructures is described. The obtained hierarchical architectures of FLSn‐ZnO are found to be assembled with abundant regular‐shaped nanosheets and nanoparticles. A possible formation mechanism is proposed on the base of a series of control experiments. The tests show that FLSn‐ZnO architectures exhibit higher photocatalytic activity in the degrading Rhodamine B and tetracycline aqueous solution than pure ZnO under UV‐light irradiation. And photocurrent response and photoluminescence of ZnO and FLSn‐ZnO demonstrates that in photocatalytic performance, the latter is higher.
Rituals of opening ceremonies of overseas manufacturing facilities of multinational corporations in Russia
Authors: Gurkov Igor , Kokorina Alexandra , Saidov Zokirzhon , Balaeva Olga
Published: November 2019

We explore the meaning of rituals of public plant‐opening ceremonies, which are popular in many countries and mandatory in Russia for greenfield investment projects implemented by multinational corporations. The study is based on the analysis of videos from the public opening ceremonies supplemented with the analysis of financial data on the studied industrial projects. We argue that in a country with underdeveloped physical infrastructure and volatile business regulations, opening ceremonies for new industrial projects have three implications: (a) such events are festivities which are centered on an exchange of gratitude between foreign investors and the local authorities for their non‐opportunistic behavior; (b) such events serve as “the rite of passage” of a newly built facility into the local business and social infrastructure; and (c) assurances in speeches during opening ceremonies about the long‐term nature of industrial projects are taken seriously as obligations and serve as an additional barrier to exit from industrial assets.
Staff your office well, support employees in growth
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: November 2019

An appropriate number of staff members — and the right people in the right roles — help your office run smoothly. Members of The Successful Registrar’s Advisory Board participated in a conference call to discuss how they hire the best staff members and promote their careers.
The top 5 FERPA sections: Practical applications, Part 1
Authors: Rainsberger Richard
Published: November 2019

We've covered my top five sections of the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act regulations. In abbreviated form, these are: §99.3 (Definitions), §99.7 (Annual FERPA notification), §99.30 (Written consent to disclose), §99.31 (Exceptions to written consent to disclose), and §99.37 (Disclosing directory information).
Should you be friendly but not friends with employees?
Authors: Hodges Dawn Z.
Published: November 2019

Not long ago, a friend and former colleague was hired as a dean of arts and sciences. Because there were three new deans, the human resources director met with them. She told them to be friendly with employees, but not friends.
Validation and uncertainty quantification of metocean models for assessing hurricane risk
Authors: Qiao Chi , Myers Andrew T. , Arwade Sanjay R.
Published: November 2019

A reliable metocean model, with its uncertainty quantified and its accuracy validated for conditions appropriate to assessing risk, is essential to understand the risk posed by hurricanes to offshore infrastructure such as offshore wind turbines. In this paper, three metocean models are considered, with the seastate predicted using the commercial software Mike 21, and the meteorological forcing defined by three conditions. The three conditions include (1) reanalysis data within and surrounding the hurricane, (2) predictions from the empirical Holland model within the hurricane and reanalysis data surrounding the hurricane, and (3) predictions from the empirical Holland model within the hurricane and wind‐free conditions surrounding the hurricane. The accuracy of the first metocean model is validated with (1) measurements of wind speed, wave height, wave period, and storm surge during 23 historical hurricanes from 1999 to 2012 and (2) a comparison to hindcast data from WaveWatch III, another numerical metocean model. The prediction performance of the second and third metocean models is then compared with that of the first to evaluate the impact of meteorological conditions on model predictions, as the third metocean model is necessary for risk analysis, where reanalysis data of meteorological conditions is not available. This study shows that the inconsistency between the modeling of meteorological conditions for risk assessment and for validation is influential for hurricanes with low maximum wind speeds, when model predictions are significantly better if the meteorological conditions surrounding the hurricane wind field are included. This study also shows that this inconsistency is effectively diminished when considering only events with high maximum wind speeds. Since high wind speeds are what is relevant to risk assessments, the third metocean model can be reasonably used to assess hurricane risk. Finally, the uncertainties, biases, and correlations of uncertainties in the model predictions for wind speed, wave height, wave period, and storm surge are quantified for the third metocean model, and a numerical example is constructed to illustrate the impact of including uncertainty on the assessment of risk to offshore infrastructure during hurricanes. The example demonstrates how uncertainty and correlation of uncertainty influence the size and shape of a 50‐year environmental contour of wind speed and wave height.
Shaping lattice through irrelevant perturbation: Ising model
Authors: Poghosyan Armen
Published: November 2019

Abstract

The leading irrelevant perturbation, which controls the deviation of critical square lattice Ising model with periodic boundary conditions from its continuous CFT analog is identified. An explicit expression for the coupling constant in terms of the anisotropy parameter is found. We calculate the next to leading ∼ 1/N2 corrections to the spectrum on both lattice theory and the perturbed CFT sides for several classes of states, always getting exact agreement. We discuss also how the perturbing operators and the higher integrals of motion are related.
Resolution in bullous pemphigoid
Authors: Sadik Christian D. , Schmidt Enno
Published: November 2019

Pemphigoid diseases are a group of autoimmune blistering skin diseases defined by an immune response against certain components of the dermal-epidermal adhesion complex. They are prototypical, autoantibody-driven, organ-specific diseases with the emergence of inflammatory skin lesions dependent on the recruitment of immune cells, particularly granulocytes, into the skin. During an acute flare of disease, inflammatory skin lesions typically progressing from erythema through urticarial plaques to subepidermal blisters erosions erupt and, finally, completely resolve, thus illustrating that resolution of inflammation is continuously executed in pemphigoid disease patients and can be directly monitored on the skin. Despite these superb conditions for examining resolution in pemphigoid diseases as paradigm diseases for antibody-induced tissue inflammation, the mechanisms of resolution in pemphigoid are underinvestigated and still largely elusive. In the last decade, mouse models for pemphigoid diseases were developed, which have been instrumental to identify several key pathways for the initiation of inflammation in these diseases. More recently, also protective pathways, specifically IL-10 and C5aR2 signalling on the molecular level and Tregson the cellular level, counteracting skin inflammation have been highlighted and may contribute to the continuous execution of resolution in pemphigoid diseases. The upstream orchestrators of this process are currently under investigation. Pemphigoid disease patients, particularly bullous pemphigoid patients, who are predominantly above 75 years of age, often succumb to the side effects of the immunosuppressive therapeutics nowadays still required to suppress the disease. Pemphigoid disease patients may therefore represent a group of patients benefiting most substantially from the introduction of non-immunosuppressive, proresolving therapeutics into the treatment regimens for their disease.
Trends for and Clinical Factors Associated with Choice of Oral P2Y12 Inhibitors for Patients on Chronic Dialysis
Authors: Jain Nishank , Hunt Suzanne L. , Cui Huizhong , Phadnis Milind A. , Mahnken Jonathan D. , Shireman Theresa I. , Dai Junqiang , Mehta Jawahar L. , Rasu Rafia S.
Published: November 2019

Background

Trends and clinical factors associated with prescribing choices for oral P2Y12 inhibitors (P2Y12-I) remain unknown for patients on chronic dialysis, i.e., with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

Methods

From 2011–2014 U.S. Renal Data System registry, we identified 36,542 ESRD patients who received new prescriptions for P2Y12-I (median age 64.0 years and 54% males). Of the cohort, 93% were receiving hemodialysis and 7% on peritoneal dialysis. We analyzed trends and investigated clinical factors associated with specific P2Y12-I prescribed.

Results

Clopidogrel was prescribed for 95%, prasugrel for 3%, and ticagrelor for 2%. Clopidogrel was favored for those ≥75 years (18% of cohort). Compared to Caucasians, African Americans (36% of cohort) and Hispanics (19% of cohort) were less likely to receive prasugrel and ticagrelor (P<0.05). Patients receiving hemodialysis versus peritoneal dialysis were less likely to receive prasugrel over clopidogrel, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.67 (0.55-0.82). Each additional year of dialysis decreased the odds of receiving prasugrel over clopidogrel, aOR 0.91 (0.85-0.98). History of atrial fibrillation reduced the odds of receiving ticagrelor or prasugrel over clopidogrel, aOR 0.69 (0.54-0.89) and 0.73 (0.60-0.89), respectively. Concomitant oral anticoagulant use was not associated with choice of P2Y12-I. Occurrence of non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction or percutaneous coronary intervention within the 6-month period prior to the index date favored ticagrelor over prasugrel, aOR 1.31 (1.06-1.62) and 1.29 (1.01-1.66), respectively. However, prescribing trends favoring ticagrelor over prasugrel were not observed for deployment of drug-eluting, or multiple coronary stents.

Conclusion

Between 2011 and 2014, clopidogrel remained the most common P2Y12-I whereas ticagrelor and prasugrel remained underutilized in ESRD patients. Prescribing practices for these drugs were based upon clinically approved indication for their use in the general population as well as perceived complexity of an ESRD patient including demographics, dialysis-related factors and comorbidities. Comparative effectiveness studies involving ESRD patients are needed to prove that ticagrelor and prasugrel are just as safe and effective as clopidogrel before clinicians can make informed decisions for choice of P2Y12-I in this patient population.
Associations among housing accessibility, housing-related control beliefs and independence in activities of daily living: a cross-sectional study among younger old in Sweden
Authors: Gefenaite Giedre , Björk Jonas , Schmidt Steven M. , Slaug Björn , Iwarsson Susanne
Published: November 2019

There is some evidence that housing accessibility, external housing-related control beliefs (HCB) and activities of daily living (ADL) are associated in complex ways; however, these pathways have not been explored in younger old. The aim was to assess the role of external HCB in the relationship between housing accessibility and ADL by applying moderation and mediation models. This was a cross-sectional study involving 366 community-living 67–70 years old participants from the Skåne part of the Swedish National Study of Aging and Care. We assessed moderation by including an interaction term in a logistic regression analysis (significant ifpvalue < 0.05). We assessed mediation with a series of regression analyses with effect size measures expressed as proportion mediated and its 95% confidence interval (CI). In the absence of statistically significant interaction there was no support for external HCB as a moderator. There was evidence for partial mediation as external HCB was associated with ADL when controlled for housing accessibility, while housing accessibility remained associated with independence in ADL when adjusted for external HCB. The proportion mediated was 6% (95% CI 1; 14). While the results did not support external HCB as a moderator, external HCB mediated the association between housing accessibility and ADL. These results were different from previous findings suggesting that external HCB plays a marginally significant moderating and mediating role among very old. Such differences call for further studies that would allow further exploration and validation of the findings at different stages of the ageing process, preferably utilizing longitudinal study designs.
Mental Health System Reform in Contexts of Humanitarian Emergencies: Toward a Theory of “Practice-Based Evidence”
Authors: Kienzler Hanna
Published: November 2019

Humanitarian emergencies such as armed conflicts are increasingly perceived as opportunities to improve mental health systems in fragile states. Research has been conducted into what building blocks are required to reform mental health systems in states emerging from wars and into the barriers to reform. What is less well known is what work and activities are actually performed when mental health systems in war-affected resource-poor countries are reformed. Questions that remain unanswered are: What is it that international humanitarian aid workers and local expertsdoon the ground? What are the actual activities they perform in order to enable and sustain system reform? This article begins to answer these questions through ethnographic case studies of mental health system reform in Kosovo and Palestine. Based on the findings, a theory of “practice-based evidence” is developed. Practice-based evidence assumes that knowledge is derived from practice, rather than the other way around where practice is believed to be informed by systematic evidence. It is argued that a focus on practice rather than evidence can improving system reform processes as well as the provision of mental health care in a way that is sensitive to local contexts, structural realities, culture, and history.
Rights as Relationships: Collaborating with Faith Healers in Community Mental Health in Ghana
Authors: Read Ursula M.
Published: November 2019

This paper explores the ways in which mental health workers think through the ethics of working with traditional and faith healers in Ghana. Despite reforms along the lines advocated by global mental health, including rights-based legislation and the expansion of community-based mental health care, such healers remain popular resources for treatment and mechanical restraint and other forms of coercion commonplace. As recommended in global mental health policy, mental health workers are urged to form collaborations with healers to prevent human rights abuses and promote psychiatric alternatives for treatment. However, precisely how such collaborations might be established is seldom described. This paper draws on ethnographic research to investigate how mental health workers approach working with healers and the moral imagination which informs their relationship. Through an analysis of trainee mental health workers’ encounters with a Prophet and his patients, the paper reveals how mental health workers attempt to negotiate the tensions between their professional duty of care, their Christian faith, and the authority of healers. I argue that, rather than enforcing legal prohibitions, mental health workers seek to avoid confrontation and manouver within existing hierarchies, thereby preserving sentiments of obligation and reciprocity within a shared moral landscape and established forms of sociality.
Identification and Expression Pattern Analysis of Bacterial Blight Resistance Genes in Oryza officinalis Wall ex Watt Under Xanthomonas oryzae Pv. oryzae Stress
Authors: Jiang Chunmiao , Xiao Suqin , Li Dingqin , Chen Ling , Zhong Qiaofang , Yin Fuyou , Yu Tengqiong , Ke Xue , Zhang Dunyu , Fu Jian , Chen Yue , Wang Bo , Wang Lingxian , Li Exian , Zhang Yun , Huang Xingqi , Cheng Zaiquan
Published: November 2019

Background

Bacterial blight (BB) caused byXanthomonas oryzaePv.oryzae(Xoo) is one of the most serious diseases of rice worldwide.Oryza officinalisWall ex Watt, harboring abundant genetic diversity and disease resistance features, are important resources of exploring resistance genes with broad-spectrum resistance to BB. However, the molecular mechanisms and genes of BB resistance inO. officinalishave been rarely explored.

Results

Here, the BB resistance of four different originO. officinalispopulations in Yunnan were identified by seven representative hypervirulentXooraces, which exhibited different BB resistance among four populations, in which the BB resistance of the Gengma_Lincang population was the strongest. In addition, the pathogenetic ability of sevenXooraces toO. officinaliswas different in that the pathogenicity of PXO99 was stronger than that of C5. There were no remarkable differences in leaf microstructures among fourO. officinalispopulations, revealing the differences in resistance of fourO. officinalisto BB are caused by the endogenous resistance genes. Furthermore, our results proved that there were no nine cloned BB resistance genes in four populations but possessed dominantXa5, dominantXa13, and recessivexa3/xa26homologous alleles ofxa5,xa13, andXa3/Xa26resistance genes. These three homologous genes were isolated and cloned from four populations and namedOoXa5,OoXa13, andOoxa3/xa26. The expression profile revealed that the expression levels ofOoXa13andOoxa3/xa26were significantly down-regulated under PXO99 and C5 stress, especially in the Gengma_Lincang population, suggesting theO. officinalismight enhance BB resistance by down-regulating the expression level ofOoXa13andOoxa3/xa26.

Conclusion

The BB resistance genes ofO. officinalishad its own characteristics by expression pattern and BLAST analysis ofOoXa5,OoXa13, andOoxa3/xa26, which indicated that there might be new genes or molecular mechanism of BB resistance inO. officinalis.Our studies provided a solid foundation and reference for revealing the molecular mechanism of BB resistance inO. officinalis.
When is a Reminder Enough? Text Message Voter Mobilization in a European Context
Authors: Bergh Johannes , Christensen Dag Arne , Matland Richard E.
Published: November 2019

Sending text messages reminding people to vote has only been examined as a mobilization tool in three studies, two of them done in the United States. The results from these studies are mixed. We investigate this tool’s effectiveness using a field experiment in a different context, municipal elections in Norway. We find strong mobilization effects among groups traditionally low in participation (immigrants and youth voters). Young native Norwegians show an intent-to-treat (ITT) effect of 4.58% points, foreign nationals who have recently established Norwegian residency show an ITT effect of 2.93% points, and among immigrants who have lived in Norway for 7 years or more the treatment effect is 2.7% points. Even among native Norwegian voters over 30, with a baseline turnout of 73%, text messages generate a 0.96% points increase in turnout.
A comparative evaluation of the generalised predictive ability of eight machine learning algorithms across ten clinical metabolomics data sets for binary classification
Authors: Mendez Kevin M. , Reinke Stacey N. , Broadhurst David I.
Published: November 2019

Introduction

Metabolomics is increasingly being used in the clinical setting for disease diagnosis, prognosis and risk prediction. Machine learning algorithms are particularly important in the construction of multivariate metabolite prediction. Historically, partial least squares (PLS) regression has been the gold standard for binary classification. Nonlinear machine learning methods such as random forests (RF), kernel support vector machines (SVM) and artificial neural networks (ANN) may be more suited to modelling possible nonlinear metabolite covariance, and thus provide better predictive models.

Objectives

We hypothesise that for binary classification using metabolomics data, non-linear machine learning methods will provide superior generalised predictive ability when compared to linear alternatives, in particular when compared with the current gold standard PLS discriminant analysis.

Methods

We compared the general predictive performance of eight archetypal machine learning algorithms across ten publicly available clinical metabolomics data sets. The algorithms were implemented in the Python programming language. All code and results have been made publicly available as Jupyter notebooks.

Results

There was only marginal improvement in predictive ability for SVM and ANN over PLS across all data sets. RF performance was comparatively poor. The use of out-of-bag bootstrap confidence intervals provided a measure of uncertainty of model prediction such that the quality of metabolomics data was observed to be a bigger influence on generalised performance than model choice.

Conclusion

The size of the data set, and choice of performance metric, had a greater influence on generalised predictive performance than the choice of machine learning algorithm.
Sparse classification with paired covariates
Authors: Rauschenberger Armin , Ciocănea-Teodorescu Iuliana , Jonker Marianne A. , Menezes Renée X. , van de Wiel Mark A.
Published: November 2019

This paper introduces the paired lasso: a generalisation of the lasso for paired covariate settings. Our aim is to predict a single response from two high-dimensional covariate sets. We assume a one-to-one correspondence between the covariate sets, with each covariate in one set forming a pair with a covariate in the other set. Paired covariates arise, for example, when two transformations of the same data are available. It is often unknown which of the two covariate sets leads to better predictions, or whether the two covariate sets complement each other. The paired lasso addresses this problem by weighting the covariates to improve the selection from the covariate sets and the covariate pairs. It thereby combines information from both covariate sets and accounts for the paired structure. We tested the paired lasso on more than 2000 classification problems with experimental genomics data, and found that for estimating sparse but predictive models, the paired lasso outperforms the standard and the adaptive lasso. The R package is available fromcran.
Roux-en-Y-Bariatric Surgery Reduces Markers of Metabolic Syndrome in Morbidly Obese Patients
Authors: Rega-Kaun G. , Kaun C. , Jaegersberger G. , Prager M. , Hackl M. , Demyanets S. , Wojta J. , Hohensinner P. J.
Published: November 2019

Background

Obesity is closely linked to increased markers of metabolic syndrome and development of diabetes. Roux-en-Y bariatric surgery reduces hyperinsulinemia and improves insulin sensitivity and hence benefits morbidly obese patients.

Aim

To determine changes in markers of metabolic syndrome, pancreatic function, and hepatic insulin sensitivity in patients before and 1 year after undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.

Methods

We enrolled 43 consecutive patients in a single center. Markers for metabolic syndrome included proinsulin, insulin, C-peptide, liver enzymes, and serum levels of selected microRNAs hsa-miR-122, hsa-miR-130, hsa-miR-132, and hsa-miR-375.

Results

After surgery, all patients showed a significant 37% drop of body mass index (p < 0.001). Furthermore, proinsulin (59% reduction, p < 0.001), insulin (76% reduction, p < 0.001), and C-peptide (56% reduction, p < 0.001) were all reduced 1 year after surgery. Using the hepatic insulin clearance score, we determined a significant increase in hepatic insulin clearance after surgery (76% increase, p < 0.001). Especially diabetic patients showed a marked 2.1-fold increase after surgery. Hepatic enzymes ALT (35% reduction, p = 0.002) and γGT (48% reduction, p < 0.001) were significantly reduced in all patients with similar improvement in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. miRNAs hsa-miR-122, hsa-miR-130, and hsa-miR-132 were all significantly reduced whereas hsa-miR-375 was increased after gastric bypass surgery (p < 0.001 for all miRNAs).

Conclusion

Both liver and pancreatic stress parameters were reduced significantly 1 year after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery suggesting an overall amelioration of the metabolic syndrome in all patients regardless of previous health status.
The Talmudic Logic Project, Ongoing Since 2008
Authors: Gabbay Dov M. , Schild Uri , David Esther
Published: November 2019

We describe the state of the Talmudic Logic project as of end of 2019. The Talmud is the most comprehensive and fundamental work of Jewish religious law, employing a large number of logical components centuries ahead of their time. In many cases the basic principles are not explicitly formulated, which makes it difficult to formalize and make available to the modern student of Logic. This project on Talmudic Logic, aims to present logical analysis of Talmudic reasoning using modern logical tools. We investigate principles of Talmudic Logic and publish a series of books, one book or more for each principle.http://www.collegepublications.co.uk/stl/The series begins with the systematic analysis of Talmudic inference rules. The first book shows that we can present Talmudic reasoning intuitions as a systematic logical system basic to modern non-deductive reasoning, such as Argumentum A Fortiori, Abduction and Analogy. The second book offers a systematic common sense method for intuitively defining sets and claims that this method adequately models the Talmudic use of the rules Klal uPrat. These books also criticize modern Talmudic research methodology. Later books deal with additional topics like Deontic logic, and Temporal logic, Agency and processes in the Talmud and more. The aims of the project are two fold:

To import into the Talmudic study modern logical methods with a view to help understand complicated Talmudic passages, which otherwise cannot be addressed.

To export from the Talmud new logical principles which are innovative and useful to modern contemporary logic.
Extravert individualists or introvert collectivists? Personality traits and individualism and collectivism in students in Poland and Ukraine
Authors: Tychmanowicz Anna , Filipiak Sara , Sprynska Zoriana
Published: November 2019

The aim of this research was to analyse the connections between personality traits and horizontal and vertical forms of individualism and collectivism, regarded as social orientations, in two national groups of students. The analyses were conducted in the context of psychosocial functioning in the academic environment. A total of 210 students were examined including 109 of Polish nationality and 101 of Ukrainian nationality. Despite the historical and geographical proximity of both countries, we predicted that different relationships between variables will occur in the two samples of students. The following tests were used: the Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) and the Vertical- Horizontal Individualism-Collectivism Scale (KIRH) in Polish and Ukrainian versions. The results indicated that Polish students had significantly higher horizontal orientation, both in individualism and collectivism, compared to their Ukrainian colleagues. Polish students were also more agreeable and open to experience than Ukrainian students. There were significantly different patterns of correlations between the analysed variables in the two national groups. The obtained z-statistics revealed differences between groups in correlations between the vertical form of both individualism and collectivism and such personality traits as extraversion, emotional stability, and openness to experience. There was also a significant difference between the relationships of horizontal individualism and agreeableness in two compared groups. Regression analyses indicated various significant predictors of social orientations in the two groups.
Analytics for directed contact networks
Authors: Cybenko George , Huntsman Steve
Published: November 2019

Directed contact networks (DCNs) are temporal networks that are useful for analyzing and modeling phenomena in transportation, communications, epidemiology and social networking. Specific sequences of contacts can underlie higher-level behaviors such as flows that aggregate contacts based on some notion of semantic and temporal proximity. We describe a simple inhomogeneous Markov model to infer flows and taint bounds associated with such higher-level behaviors, and also discuss how to aggregate contacts within DCNs and/or dynamically cluster their vertices. We provide examples of these constructions in the contexts of information transfers within computer and air transportation networks, thereby indicating how they can be used for data reduction and anomaly detection.
Just the facts: Pediatric Dental and Oral Injuries
Authors: Sibley Aaron K. , Atkinson Paul , Lobay Kevin
Published: November 2019

A 16-month-old presents to the emergency department (ED) after a fall while running at home. Her mother noted some blood in the child's mouth and believed there was a tear in the skin above the front teeth.
A bronchoscopy-associated pseudo-outbreak of Mycobacterium mucogenicum traced to use of contaminated ice used for bronchoalveolar lavage
Authors: Bringhurst Judie , Weber David J. , Miller Melissa B. , Jones Melissa C. , Rivera M. Patricia , Akulian Jason , Rutala William A. , Sickbert-Bennett Emily E.
Published: November 2019

Clonal Mycobacterium mucogenicum isolates (determined by molecular typing) were recovered from 19 bronchoscopic specimens from 15 patients. None of these patients had evidence of mycobacterial infection. Laboratory culture materials and bronchoscopes were negative for Mycobacteria. This pseudo-outbreak was caused by contaminated ice used to provide bronchoscopic lavage. Control was achieved by transitioning to sterile ice.
A qualitative study exploring cues and other motivators among a racially diverse sample of light and intermittent smokers
Authors: Fish Laura J. , Oliver Jason A. , Noonan Devon , Davis James M. , Pollak Kathryn I.
Published: November 2019

Introduction

Light and intermittent smokers (LITS) represent almost 50% of all current smokers. Research is needed to understand smoking motives among adult light smokers.

Aims

To explore smoking cues and motivators among a racially diverse sample of adult LITS (≤10 CPD). In addition, we explored differences between native (always smoked ≤10), and converted (former heavier) LITS.

Methods

We used purposive sampling to recruit participants who were native and converted LITS and to include equal numbers of African Americans, Whites and Latinos. We coded and analyzed transcripts using a stage approach to identify themes.

Results

Four main themes emerged that may be unique to light smokers and suggests potential strategies for intervention: (1) smoking in response to cues and control, (2) identifying as a smoker, (3) concern about health consequences, and (4) other priorities influencing smoking. There were some differences among smoking cues and motivators by race and ethnicity, and differences between native and converted LITS.

Conclusions

Overall, LITS reported drivers of smoking that were unrelated to symptoms of nicotine withdrawal. Even when experiencing salient cues, our LITS cohort expressed the ability to assert control over smoking by abstaining when situational contexts made smoking inconvenient.
THE NEGLIGENCE LIABILITY OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES FOR OMISSIONS
Authors: Cornford Tom
Published: November 2019

In this article I address the question of whether the omissions principle – the principle that the common law does not impose liability for omissions – applies with the same force in negligence cases involving public authority defendants as in cases involving private defendants. My argument is that the answer depends upon the answer to a prior question: can a duty of care be based upon the public law powers and duties of a public authority? In making my argument, I refute the views both of those who insist that a claim in negligence against a public authority can be rejected purely because it relates to an omission not falling within one of the standard exceptions to the omissions principle and of those who insist that such a claim can succeed while at the same denying that a duty of care can be based on a public authority's public law powers and duties.
Inconsistent change in surface hydrography of the eastern Arabian Sea during the last four glacial–interglacial intervals
Authors: Saraswat Rajeev , Kurtarkar S. R. , Yadav R. , Mackensen A. , Singh D. P. , Bhadra S. , Singh A. D. , Tiwari M. , Prabhukeluskar S. P. , Bandodkar S. R. , Pandey D. K. , Clift P. D. , Kulhanek D. K. , Bhishekar K. , Nair S.
Published: November 2019

The eastern Arabian Sea is influenced by both the advection of upwelled water from the western Arabian Sea and winter convective mixing. Therefore, sediments collected from the eastern Arabian Sea can help to understand the long-term seasonal hydrographic changes. We used the planktonic foraminifera census and stable isotopic ratio (δ18O) from sediments drilled during the International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 355 to reconstruct surface hydrographic changes in the eastern Arabian Sea during the last 350 kyr. The increased abundance of Globigerina bulloides suggests enhanced advection of upwelled water during the latter half of MIS7 and the beginning of MIS6, as a result of a strengthened summer monsoon. A large drop in upwelling and/or advection of upwelled water from the western Arabian Sea is inferred during the subsequent interval of MIS6, based on the rare presence of G. bulloides. The comparable relative abundance of Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, G. bulloides and Globigerinoides ruber suggests that during the early part of MIS5, hydrographic conditions were similar to today. The upwelling decreased and winter convection increased with the progress of the glacial interval. A good coherence between planktonic foraminiferal assemblage-based monsoon stacks from both the eastern and western Arabian Sea suggests a coeval response of the entire northern Arabian Sea to the glacial–interglacial changes. The glacial–interglacial difference in δ18Osw-ivc was at a maximum with 4–5 psu change in salinity during Termination 2 and 3, and a minimum during Termination 4. The significantly reduced regional contribution to the glacial–interglacial change in δ18Osw-ivc during Termination 4 suggests a lesser change in the monsoon.
Newly Discovered Notes of a Sermon by Hugh Latimer
Authors: McGOVERN JONATHAN
Published: November 2019

This article presents a transcript and brief analysis of sermon notes by a young lawyer from Derbyshire named Anthony Gell, who attended a sermon by Hugh Latimer in London during the reign of Edward VI. In this forgotten sermon, Latimer discussed the subjects of fasting and clerical education, and recommended the foundation of clerical colleges.
Inscribing Siam: The state of documentary and spatial practices
Authors: SUWANNAKIJ SING , IVARSSON SØREN
Published: November 2019

The administrative (Chakri) reforms in Siam which took place around the turn of the twentieth century are probably one of the most studied topics in the history of Thailand. This period is usually described as the time when the royal elite worked to create a Siamese nation-state under the guidance of the absolute monarchy. This transformation encompassed both territorial integration and administrative centralization. Here we offer a new perspective on this transformative period through an analysis of changing documentary and spatial practices in Siam from the mid-nineteenth to the early twentieth centuries, which were one of the most crucial, intrinsic dynamics of state formation. The emphasis is on the mundane practices of documentation—among other spatial-material practices and processes—that produce the effect that the state exists. We show how this new paper regime articulated a standardization of written official documents, the birth of the file as a technology to deal with the avalanche of documents circulating between sections of the burgeoning administration, and the spatial organization that created the office—fields where officials produced and stored documents according to specific regulations. We exemplify this new regime of documentary practices in Bangkok and beyond, with special reference to the paper and spatial works of the provincial gendarmerie.
The evolution of resistance and tolerance as cancer defences
Authors: Thomas Frédéric , Giraudeau Mathieu , Gouzerh Flora , Boutry Justine , Renaud François , Pujol Pascal , Tasiemski Aurélie , Bernex Florence , Maraver Antonio , Bousquet Emilie , Dormont Laurent , Osterkamp Jens , Roche Benjamin , Hamede Rodrigo , Ujvari Beata
Published: November 2019

Although there is a plethora of cancer associated-factors that can ultimately culminate in death (cachexia, organ impairment, metastases, opportunistic infections, etc.), the focal element of every terminal malignancy is the failure of our natural defences to control unlimited cell proliferation. The reasons why our defences apparently lack efficiency is a complex question, potentially indicating that, under Darwinian terms, solutions other than preventing cancer progression are also important contributors. In analogy with host-parasite systems, we propose to call this latter option ‘tolerance’ to cancer. Here, we argue that the ubiquity of oncogenic processes among metazoans is at least partially attributable to both the limitations of resistance mechanisms and to the evolution of tolerance to cancer. Deciphering the ecological contexts of alternative responses to the cancer burden is not a semantic question, but rather a focal point in understanding the evolutionary ecology of host-tumour relationships, the evolution of our defences, as well as why and when certain cancers are likely to be detrimental for survival.
Trypanosoma cruzi: cell surface dynamics in trypomastigotes of different strains
Authors: Ferreira Cura das Neves Roberta , Marques Adade Camila , Silva Fernandes Anne Cristine , Hampshire Lopes Angela , Souto-Padrón Thaïs
Published: November 2019

Capping and shedding of ectodomains inTrypanosoma cruzimay be triggered by different ligands. Here, we analysed the mobility and shedding of cell surface components of living trypomastigotes of the Y strain and the CL Brener clone in the presence of poly-L-lysine, cationized ferritin (CF) and Concanavalin A (Con A). Poly-L-lysine and CF caused intense shedding in Y strain parasites. Shedding was less intense in CL Brener trypomastigotes, and approximately 10% of these parasites did not show any decrease in poly L-lysine or CF labelling. Binding of Con A induced low-intensity shedding in Y strain and redistribution of Con A-binding sites in CL Brener parasites. Trypomastigotes of the Y strain showed intense labelling with anti-〈-galactosyl antibodies, resulting in the lysis of approximately 30% of their population, in contrast with what was observed in CL Brener parasites. Incubation with Con A and CF protected trypomastigotes of the Y strain from lysis by anti-αGal. The last treatment did not interfere with the survival of the CL Brener parasites. This study corroborates with the idea that a ligand can differentially modulate the cell surface ofT. cruzi, depending on the strain used, resulting in variable immune system responses and recognition by host cells.
Picturing ELSI+: a visual representation of ethical, legal, and social issues, and patient experiences in Health Technology Assessment in Canada
Authors: Krahn Murray D. , Bielecki Joanna M. , Bremner Karen E. , de Oliveira Claire , Almeida Nisha , Clement Fiona , Lorenzetti Diane L. , O'Campo Patricia , Pechlivanoglou Petros , Tricco Andrea C.
Published: November 2019

Objectives

Consideration of ethical, legal, and social issues plus patient values (ELSI+) in health technology assessment (HTA) is challenging because of a lack of conceptual clarity and the multi-disciplinary nature of ELSI+. We used concept mapping to identify key concepts and inter-relationships in the ELSI+ domain and provide a conceptual framework for consideration of ELSI+ in HTA.

Methods

We conducted a scoping review (Medline and EMBASE, 2000–2016) to identify ELSI+ issues in the HTA literature. Items from the scoping review and an expert brainstorming session were consolidated into eighty ELSI+-related statements, which were entered into Concept Systems® Global MAX™ software. Participants (N = 38; 36 percent worked as researchers, 21 percent as academics; 42 percent self-identified as HTA experts) sorted the statements into thematic groups, and rated them on importance in making decisions about adopting technologies in Canada, from 1 (not at all important) to 5 (extremely important). We used Concept Systems® Global MAX™ software to create and analyze concept maps with four to sixteen clusters.

Results

Our final ELSI+ map consisted of five clusters, with each cluster representing a different concept and the statements within each cluster representing the same concept. Based on the concepts, we named these clusters: patient preferences/experiences, patient quality of life/function, patient burden/harm, fairness, and organizational. The highest mean importance ratings were for the statements in the patient burden/harm (3.82) and organizational (3.92) clusters.

Conclusions

This study suggests an alternative approach to ELSI+, based on conceptual coherence rather than academic disciplines. This will provide a foundation for incorporating ELSI+ into HTA.
Masting and regeneration dynamics of Abies cephalonica, the Greek endemic silver fir
Authors: Daskalakou Evangelia N. , Koutsovoulou Katerina , Ioannidis Kostas , Koulelis Panagiotis P. , Ganatsas Petros , Thanos Costas A.
Published: November 2019

Masting and regeneration dynamics were investigated in a long-term perspective using Abies cephalonica as a study tree species. Extensive fieldwork was implemented in Parnitha National Park, Greece, following a large-scale wildfire. Annual cone production was monitored for a 5-year period in 130 tagged trees, in 13 plots with 10 individuals each, established both within the unburned part of the forest and in surviving fragments of the burned area. In the most recent masting year, a high percentage (88%) of cone-bearing trees was recorded, along with a sizeable, average cone production (40.8 cones per tree). In the intermediate, non-masting years, the corresponding values ranged from 2% to 55% and 0.08 to 5.9 cones per tree, respectively. The reproduction process is affected by both tree density and regional climatic conditions, in particular temperature during spring of the maturation year and precipitation during spring and summer of the previous year. For the first time according to our knowledge, natural regeneration was recorded for a 4-year period, in 13 permanent transects within the monitoring plots, in relation with a masting event and the additional implications of a preceding wildfire. Highest mean density of seedlings and saplings (11.4 per m2) was observed during the first spring after masting. In the non-masting years, the corresponding value ranged from 2.1 to 2.9 per m2. Seedling survival during their first summer was considerable (30–76%) but stabilized afterwards (1–3 years) at a lower level (10–20%). The particular post-masting seedling flush was followed by an extremely high mortality rate (88.6%) and cannot represent a major recruitment event.
Giant pseudo-aneurysm of the right ventricular outflow tract after Tetralogy of Fallot repair
Authors: Rato João , Ataíde Rita , Teixeira Ana
Published: November 2019

Images of the diagnosis and correction of a pseudo-aneurysm at the right ventricular outflow tract, one of the rarest complications of Tetralogy of Fallot surgical correction.