bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Portomesenteric Venous Thrombosis after Colorectal Surgery: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Aljiffry Murad M. , Radwi Mansoor R. , Binjahlan Albandari A. , Farsi Sara H. , Farsi Ali H.
Published: April 2024

CONTEXT:

Postoperative Portomesenteric venous thrombosis (PMVT), is a rare but significant condition that occurs in colorectal surgery patients. PMVT involves thrombus formation in veins such as the portal, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, or splenic vein, often following colon and rectum surgical resection. Recognized risk factors include cancer and inflammatory bowel disease.

AIMS:

The research aimed to evaluate the prevalence, associated risk factors, and treatment methods for PMVT in a large academic tertiary care hospital.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN:

Retrospective review

METHODS:

A retrospective review of 750 colorectal surgeries was conducted, examining patient medical histories, operative details, perioperative medications, and postoperative complications.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED:

Categorical variables were presented as frequencies and percentages, whereas continuous variables were presented as a mean +/- Standard deviation. Comparative analysis used odds ratios to understand the association between categorical risk factors and PMVT, and independent samples t-tests for continuous variables

RESULTS:

PMVT was identified in 0.8% of the 621 patients meeting the inclusion criteria, all of whom had underlying cancer. These patients were successfully treated with anticoagulants, without the need for surgery or resulting in any mortality at 45 days postoperatively. No significant variables associated with PMVT were identified in this cohort.

CONCLUSIONS:

PMVT after colorectal surgery, while rare, is predominantly seen in patients with cancer. The outcomes in these cases were favorable with medical therapy alone. Larger, long-term studies are recommended to further investigate risk factors and effective management strategies for PMVT.
Absolute Thrombocytopenia with Ticagrelor
Authors: Hafiz Awatif , Aljuhani Ohoud , Al Sulaiman Khalid , Ashram Waddah , Radhwi Osman
Published: April 2024

The most prevalent ticagrelor adverse effects are bleeding, dyspnea, bradycardia, and, in rare cases, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Although extremely rare, ticagrelor can cause absolute or profound thrombocytopenia. We present a case of total thrombocytopenia caused by ticagrelor after 4 days of treatment. A male in his 60 s with hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia presented with chest pain. A 12-lead electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm at 80 beats per min, ST-segment elevation, Q waves, and ST depression in V4-V6, indicating inferolateral myocardial infarction. Patient received thrombolytics with prompt administration of aspirin and ticagrelor. Baseline platelet count was 138 × 109/L. A subsequent angiography was performed 10 h later that revealed multivessel disease and the patient deemed a candidate for coronary artery bypass surgery. About 72 h after presentation, he had hematuria and his platelet count dropped to 23 109/L. On repeat testing, a complete blood count indicated platelet counts of 23 × 109 and 9 × 109/µL. A peripheral smear revealed no signs of platelet clumping or schistocytes. As a result, ticagrelor and aspirin were promptly stopped. Six platelet units were transfused. Prior to discharge, the platelet count hit the 50 s and then recovered to baseline. Clopidogrel and aspirin were prescribed for the patient. On outpatient follow-up, no thrombocytopenia was observed. In addition to our patient, we came across two patients in the literature who developed profound thrombocytopenia after being treated with ticagrelor. The timing of ticagrelor-induced thrombocytopenia varied and all patients were treated with platelets transfusion and discontinuation of ticagrelor. No thrombocytopenia was seen thereafter. In conclusion, thrombocytopenia with ticagrelor should be considered when other potential causes of thrombocytopenia have been ruled out.
On the spectrum of the Landau Hamiltonian perturbed by a periodic electric potential
Authors: Danilov Leonid Ivanovich
Published: April 2024

We study the spectrum of the Landau Hamiltonian perturbed by a periodic electric potential $V\in L^2_{\mathrm{loc}}(\mathbb R^2;\mathbb R)$ assuming that the magnetic flux of the homogeneous magnetic field $B>0$ satisfies the condition $(2\pi)^{-1}Bv(K)=Q^{-1}$, $Q\in \mathbb N $, where $v(K)$ is the area of the unit cell $K$ of the period lattice of the potential $V$. For arbitrary periodic potentials $V\in L^2_{\mathrm {loc}}(\mathbb R^2;\mathbb R)$ with zero mean $V_0=0$ we show that the spectrum has no eigenvalues different from Landau levels. For periodic potentials $V\in L^2_{\mathrm{loc}}(\mathbb R^2;\mathbb R)\setminus C^{\infty}(\mathbb R^2;\mathbb R)$ we also show that the spectrum is absolutely continuous.
Bibliography: 23 titles.
Infinite elliptic hypergeometric series: convergence and difference equations
Authors: Krotkov Danil Igorevich , Spiridonov Vyacheslav Pavlovich
Published: April 2024

We derive finite difference equations of infinite order for theta-hypergeometric series and investigate the space of their solutions. In general, such infinite series diverge, and we describe some constraints on the parameters when they do converge. In particular, we lift the Hardy-Littlewood criterion of the convergence of $q$-hypergeometric series for ${|q|=1}$, $q^n\neq 1$, to the elliptic level and prove the convergence of infinite very-well poised elliptic hypergeometric $ _{r+1}V_r$-series for restricted values of $q$.
Bibliography: 13 titles.
Estimates for integrals of derivatives of $n$-valent functions and geometric properties of domains
Authors: Baranov Anton Dmitrievich , Kayumov Ilgiz Rifatovich
Published: April 2024

A number of questions concerning the behaviour of double integrals of the moduli of the derivatives of bounded $n$-valent functions and, in particular, of rational functions of fixed degree $n$ are considered. For domains with rectifiable boundaries the sharp order of growth of such integral means is found in its dependence on $n$. Upper bounds for domains with fractal boundaries are obtained, which depend on the Minkowski dimension of the boundary of the domain. In certain cases these bounds are shown to be close to sharp ones. Lower bounds in terms of the integral means spectra of conformal mappings are also found. These inequalities refine Dolzhenko's classical results (1966) and some recent results due to the authors.
Bibliography: 32 titles.
Effect of bariatric surgery on metabolism in diabetes and obesity comorbidity: Insight from recent research
Authors: Tang Hui-Hong , Wang Dong , Tang Cheng-Chun
Published: April 2024

Obesity is a prevalent cause of diabetes mellitus (DM) and is a serious danger to human health. Type 2 DM (T2DM) mostly occurs along with obesity. Foodborne obesity-induced DM is caused by an excessive long-term diet and surplus energy. Bariatric surgery can improve the symptoms of T2DM in some obese patients. But different types of bariatric surgery may have different effects. There are some models built by researchers to discuss the surgical procedures’ effects on metabolism in diabetes animal models and diabetes patients. It is high time to conclude all this effects and recommend procedures that can better improve metabolism.
Pancreatic surgery and tertiary pancreatitis services warrant provision for support from a specialist diabetes team
Authors: Mavroeidis Vasileios K , Knapton Jennifer , Saffioti Francesca , Morganstein Daniel L
Published: April 2024

Pancreatic surgery units undertake several complex operations, albeit with considerable morbidity and mortality, as is the case for the management of complicated acute pancreatitis or chronic pancreatitis. The centralisation of pancreatic surgery services, with the development of designated large-volume centres, has contributed to significantly improved outcomes. In this editorial, we discuss the complex associations between diabetes mellitus (DM) and pancreatic/periampullary disease in the context of pancreatic surgery and overall management of complex pancreatitis, highlighting the consequential needs and the indispensable role of specialist diabetes teams in support of tertiary pancreatic services. Type 3c pancreatogenic DM, refers to DM developing in the setting of exocrine pancreatic disease, and its identification and management can be challenging, while the glycaemic control of such patients may affect their course of treatment and outcome. Adequate preoperative diabetes assessment is warranted to aid identification of patients who are likely to need commencement or escalation of glucose lowering therapy in the postoperative period. The incidence of new onset diabetes after pancreatic resection is widely variable in the literature, and depends on the type and extent of pancreatic resection, as is the case with pancreatic parenchymal loss in the context of severe pancreatitis. Early involvement of a specialist diabetes team is essential to ensure a holistic management. In the current era, large volume pancreatic surgery services commonly abide by the principles of enhanced recovery after surgery, with inclusion of provisions for optimisation of the perioperative glycaemic control, to improve outcomes. While various guidelines are available to aid perioperative management of DM, auditing and quality improvement platforms have highlighted deficiencies in the perioperative management of diabetic patients and areas of required improvement. The need for perioperative support of diabetic patients by specialist diabetes teams is uniformly underlined, a fact that becomes clearly more prominent at all different stages in the setting of pancreatic surgery and the management of complex pancreatitis. Therefore, pancreatic surgery and tertiary pancreatitis services must be designed with a provision for support from specialist diabetes teams. With the ongoing accumulation of evidence, it would be reasonable to consider the design of specific guidelines for the glycaemic management of these patients.
Role of renin-angiotensin system/angiotensin converting enzyme-2 mechanism and enhanced COVID-19 susceptibility in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Shukla Ashwin Kumar , Awasthi Komal , Usman Kauser , Banerjee Monisha
Published: April 2024

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease that caused a global pandemic and is caused by infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus. It has affected over 768 million people worldwide, resulting in approximately 6900000 deaths. High-risk groups, identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, include individuals with conditions like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, chronic lung disease, serious heart conditions, and chronic kidney disease. Research indicates that those with T2DM face a heightened susceptibility to COVID-19 and increased mortality compared to non-diabetic individuals. Examining the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), a vital regulator of blood pressure and pulmonary stability, reveals the significance of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 enzymes. ACE converts angiotensin-I to the vasoconstrictor angiotensin-II, while ACE2 counters this by converting angiotensin-II to angiotensin 1-7, a vasodilator. Reduced ACE2 expression, common in diabetes, intensifies RAS activity, contributing to conditions like inflammation and fibrosis. Although ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers can be therapeutically beneficial by increasing ACE2 levels, concerns arise regarding the potential elevation of ACE2 receptors on cell membranes, potentially facilitating COVID-19 entry. This review explored the role of the RAS/ACE2 mechanism in amplifying severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and associated complications in T2DM. Potential treatment strategies, including recombinant human ACE2 therapy, broad-spectrum antiviral drugs, and epigenetic signature detection, are discussed as promising avenues in the battle against this pandemic.
Prevalence and risk factors of diabetes mellitus among elderly patients in the Lugu community
Authors: Zhao Li-Zhen , Li Wei-Min , Ma Ying
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Age is a significant risk factor of diabetes mellitus (DM). With the develop of population aging, the incidence of DM remains increasing. Understanding the epidemiology of DM among elderly individuals in a certain area contributes to the DM interventions for the local elderly individuals with high risk of DM.

AIM

To explore the prevalence of DM among elderly individuals in the Lugu community and analyze the related risk factors to provide a valid scientific basis for the health management of elderly individuals.

METHODS

A total of 4816 elderly people who came to the community for physical examination were retrospectively analyzed. The prevalence of DM among the elderly was calculated. The individuals were divided into a DM group and a non-DM group according to the diagnosis of DM to compare the differences in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting blood glucose, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and incidence of hypertension (HT), coronary heart disease (CHD), and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

RESULTS

DM was diagnosed in 32.70% of the 4816 elderly people. The BMI of the DM group (25.16 ± 3.35) was greater than that of the non-DM group (24.61 ± 3.78). The WHR was 0.90 ± 0.04 in the non-DM group and 0.90 ± 0.03 in the DM group, with no significant difference. The left SBP and SBP in the DM group were 137.9 mmHg ± 11.92 mmHg and 69.95 mmHg ± 7.75 mmHg, respectively, while they were 126.6 mmHg ± 12.44 mmHg and 71.15 mmHg ± 12.55 mmHg, respectively, in the non-DM group. These findings indicate higher SBP and lower DBP in DM patients than in those without DM. In the DM group, 1274 patients were diagnosed with HT, accounting for 80.89%. Among the 3241 non-DM patients, 1743 (53.78%) were hypertensive and 1498 (46.22%) were nonhypertensive. The DM group had more cases of HT than did the non-DM group. There were more patients with CHD or CKD in the DM group than in the non-DM group. There were more patients who drank alcohol more frequently (≥ 3 times) in the DM group than in the non-DM group.

CONCLUSION

Older adults in the Lugu community are at a greater risk of DM. In elderly individuals, DM is closely related to high BMI and HT, CHD, and CKD. Physical examinations should be actively carried out for elderly people to determine their BMI, SBP, DBP, and other signs, and sufficient attention should be given to abnormalities in the above signs before further diagnosis.
Examining the association between delay discounting, delay aversion and physical activity in Chinese adults with type-2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: An Yong-Dong , Ma Guo-Xia , Cai Xing-Kui , Yang Ying , Wang Fang , Zhang Zhan-Lin
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

The role of physical activity in diabetes is critical, influencing this disease's development, man-agement, and overall outcomes. In China, 22.3% of adults do not meet the minimum level of physical activity recommended by the World Health Organization. Therefore, it is imperative to identify the factors that contributing to lack of physical activity must be identified.

AIM

To investigate the relationship among delay discounting, delay aversion, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and various levels of physical activity in Chinese adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

METHODS

In 2023, 400 adults with T2DM were recruited from the People's Hospital of Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province. A face-to-face questionnaire was used to gather demographic data and details on physical activity, delay discounting, and delay aversion. In addition, HbA1c levels were measured in all 400 participants. The primary independent variables considered were delay discounting and delay aversion. The outcome variables included HbA1c levels and different intensity levels of physical activity, including walking, moderate physical activity, and vigorous physical activity. Multiple linear regression models were utilized to assess the relationship between delay discounting, delay aversion, and HbA1c levels, along with the intensity of different physical activity measured in met-hours per week.

RESULTS

After controlling for the sample characteristics, delay discounting was negatively associated with moderate physical activity (β = -2.386, 95%CI: -4.370 to -0.401). Meanwhile, delay aversion was negatively associated with the level of moderate physical activity (β = -3.527, 95% CI = -5.578 to -1.476) in the multiple linear regression model, with statistically significant differences.

CONCLUSION

Elevated delay discounting and increased delay aversion correlated with reduced levels of moderate physical activity. Result suggests that delay discounting and aversion may influence engagement in moderate physical activity. This study recommends that health administration and government consider delay discounting and delay aversion when formulating behavioral intervention strategies and treatment guidelines involving physical activity for patients with T2DM, which may increase participation in physical activity. This study contributes a novel perspective to the research on physical activity in adults with T2DM by examining the significance of future health considerations and the role of emotional responses to delays.
Long-term effects of gestational diabetes mellitus on the pancreas of female mouse offspring
Authors: Muñoz-Islas Enriqueta , Santiago-SanMartin Edgar David , Mendoza-Sánchez Eduardo , Torres-Rodríguez Héctor Fabián , Ramírez-Quintanilla Laura Yanneth , Peters Christopher Michael , Jiménez-Andrade Juan Miguel
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Prolonged fetal exposure to hyperglycemia may increase the risk of developing abnormal glucose metabolism and type-2 diabetes during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood; however, the mechanisms by which gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) predisposes offspring to metabolic disorders remain unknown.

AIM

To quantify the nerve axons, macrophages, and vasculature in the pancreas from adult offspring born from mouse dams with GDM.

METHODS

GDM was induced by i.p. administration of streptozotocin (STZ) in ICR mouse dams. At 12 wk old, fasting blood glucose levels were determined in offspring. At 15 wk old, female offspring born from dams with and without GDM were sacrificed and pancreata were processed for immunohistochemistry. We quantified the density of sensory [calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)] and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) axons, blood vessels (endomucin), and macro-phages (CD68) in the splenic pancreas using confocal microscopy.

RESULTS

Offspring mice born from STZ-treated dams had similar body weight and blood glucose values compared to offspring born from vehicle-treated dams. However, the density of CGRP+ and TH+ axons, endomucin+ blood vessels, and CD68+ macrophages in the exocrine pancreas was significantly greater in offspring from mothers with GDM vs control offspring. Likewise, the microvasculature in the islets was significantly greater, but not the number of macrophages within the islets of offspring born from dams with GDM compared to control mice.

CONCLUSION

GDM induces neuronal, vascular, and inflammatory changes in the pancreas of adult progeny, which may partially explain the higher propensity for offspring of mothers with GDM to develop metabolic diseases.
Application of three-dimensional speckle tracking technique in measuring left ventricular myocardial function in patients with diabetes
Authors: Li Zheng , Qian Ying , Fan Chun-Yun , Huang Yong
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is considered as a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Therefore, early detection of left ventricular systolic function (LVSF) damage in DM is essential.

AIM

To explore the use of the three-dimensional speckle tracking technique (3D-STI) for measuring LVSF in DM patients via meta-analysis.

METHODS

The electronic databases were retrieved from the initial accessible time to 29 April 2023. The current study involved 9 studies, including 970 subjects. We carried out this meta-analysis to estimate myocardial function in DM compared with controls according to myocardial strain attained by 3D-STI.

RESULTS

Night articles including 970 subjects were included. No significant difference was detected in the left ventricular ejection fraction between the control and the diabetic group (P > 0.05), while differences in global longitudinal strain, global circumferential strain, global radial strain, and global area strain were markedly different between the controls and DM patients (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

The 3D-STI could be applied to accurately measure early LVSF damage in patients with DM.
Fundamentals in Wire Selection and Sizing for Aerospace Applications
Authors:   AE-7C Systems
Published: April 2024

The scope of this report is to capture fundamental principles of selecting a wire size for an aerospace application using the method prescribed in AS50881 and additional calculations, not found in AS50881, to ensure the wire selection will adequately perform in the specific physical and environmental conditions.

This report covers wire selection and sizing as part of the electrical wire interconnection systems (EWIS) used in aerospace vehicles. Aerospace vehicles include manned and unmanned airplanes, helicopters, lighter-than-air vehicles, missiles, and external pods. This document does not apply to wiring inside of airborne electronic equipment but shall apply to wiring externally attached to such equipment.

Wire selection must consider physical and environmental factors to size wires such that they have sufficient mechanical strength, do not exceed allowable voltage drop levels, are protected by materials or circuit protection devices, and meet circuit current carrying requirements. For electrical power feeders and distribution or EWIS applications, other information and environmental and installation limitations are also needed to adequately evaluate and select the correct wire size for a specific application and meet design requirements.

This report presents only fundamental principles and guidelines and cannot adequately cover all aspects and complexities associated with wire selection and sizing. Some of the calculations in this report have been simplified to demonstrate the process for validating a wire size selection for a design application. More precise calculations should be investigated and evaluated to ensure proper assessment of each individual calculation in this report.
Steel, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Bars, Wire, Forgings, Mechanical Tubing, and Stock for Forging and Heading, 15Cr - 25.5Ni - 1.2Mo - 2.1Ti - 0.006B - 0.30V (Alloy A286), Consumable Electrode Remelted, 1650 °F (899 °C) Solution Heat Treated
Authors:   AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Published: April 2024

This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant steel in the form of bars, wire, forgings, mechanical tubing up to 5.00 inches (127 mm), inclusive, in nominal diameter or least distance between parallel sides (thickness), and stock for forging or heading.
Component Nomenclature - Skidder - Grapple
Authors:   MTC4, Forestry and Logging Equipment
Published: April 2024

This SAE Standard characterizes grapple skidders and identifies the major components and parts most commonly associated therewith. Illustrations used herein are not intended to include all existing commercial machines or to be exactly descriptive of any particular machine. They have been included to facilitate application of this document
Pharmaceutical Promotions and Compliance with Community-Acquired Pneumonia Prescribing Guidelines by General Practitioners in Mbarara
Authors: Linus A , Nabachwa S.
Published: April 2024

Background: Generic prescribing effectively reduces dispensing errors and promotes the availability, access and quality of  pharmaceutical products in health facilities or pharmacies. However, in Uganda, non-compliance with treatment guidelines is prevalent,  with evidence of some General Practitioners (GPs) prescribing non-essential and obsolete drugs. This study examines the role of pharmaceutical promotions in creating awareness of new medicines among GPs and the potential influence of these promotions on  prescribing practices.

Methods: The study used a qualitative phenomenological research design. Key informant interviews were  conducted with 33 experienced GPs from nine hospitals in Mbarara City, Uganda. The transcribed interviews were analysed using content analysis.

Results: Most GPs were male (78.79%), aged between 41-50 years (30.30%), with a work experience of 6-10 years (39.39%). All  GPs had at least been exposed to pharmaceutical promotions such as free samples, visits from medical representatives, and Continuing  Medical Education sessions. Most GPs had a positive outlook on these promotions, which they believed were informative, educational,  and beneficial. However, the more GPs depend on pharmaceutical promotions, the less likely they are to follow the national or  international guidelines for generic prescribing.

Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of ethical pharmaceutical promotion  and the need for strict regulation by the National Drug Authority (NDA) to ensure that promotional activities do not compromise patient  care and public health outcomes. The study recommends that GPs be more critical of the information and incentives provided during  such promotions and should be trained in rational prescribing and evidence-based medicine.
Willingness to Accept Ocular Surgeries by Adults in a Community of Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Kayoma D.H. , Obarisiagbon O.E.
Published: April 2024

Background: The acceptance of ocular surgery by patients can be influenced by a range of factors which encompass concerns about the  surgical procedure, potential complications, financial implications and more. This study assessed willingness to accept ocular surgeries  among adults in an urban community in Edo State, Nigeria.

Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out among  308 adult male and female respondents in Evbomore, an urban community in Edo State between January and December 2023.  Data collection was done using intervieweradministered structured questionnaires and was analysed using the Statistical Package for the  social sciences version 25.0.

Results: The mean age (SD) of the respondents in this study was 35 (12.7) years. Most of the  respondents (84.4%) were aware that ocular surgery is a treatment option in the management of eye conditions however, willingness to  accept ocular surgery as a treatment option was quite low (24.0%). Skill level (p=0.018) and educational status (p=0.024) were significant  predictors of willingness to accept this surgical treatment option.

Conclusion: The findings show a low willingness to accept ocular  surgeries while identified determinants include skill level and educational status. These determinants should be harnessed by health  workers in planning intervention programs such as health education campaigns and the provision of subsidized services through  outreaches.
Comparative evaluation of some moxifloxacin hydrochloride tablet brands marketed in Nigeria using five different validated analytical methods
Authors: Omotoso E. A. , Unaji E. B.
Published: April 2024

Background: Assay of pharmaceuticals is an important aspect of quality control. It is necessary to compare the bioequivalence of generic brands of the any drug to an innovator/comparator brand as this forms the basis for comparing their therapeutic equivalence.Objective: This study aimed to determine the most accurate method for the assay of moxifloxacin hydrochloride (MOX-HCl) tablet brands in Nigerian markets by using five different validated analytical methods and also verify their interchangeability.Material & Methods: This study involved three brands of MOX-HCl including the comparator brand, Moxiget®. The study involves both quality control tests including: weight uniformity, diameter, thickness, friability, hardness, disintegration, dissolution and content of active ingredient (assay) methods including: phosphate buffered UV-Vis spectrophotometric, UV spectrophotometric, kinetic spectrophotometric, colorimetry and utilization of oxidation-reduction reaction methods.Results: All the samples used for this study passed the quality control tests and thus were of standard quality and therefore pharmaceutically equivalent.Conclusion: This study therefore conclude that phosphate buffered UV-Vis spectrophotometry provide the most accurate method to assay Moxifloxacin tablet, colorimetry assay method can serve as a substitute to the preferred method for the moxifloxacin assay and the three samples assayed in this work are interchangeable with the comparator brand (Moxiget®).
Quality assessment of metformin hydrochloride tablets retailed in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Adepoju-Bello A. , Oyawaluja B. O. , Analikwu K. B.
Published: April 2024

Background: Metformin is a biguanide antihyperglycemic drug used with diet and exercise for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Objectives: This research aims to compare and analyze different metformin products to ascertain their critical quality parameters. The goal is to ensure that prescribed medicine effectively treats patients and protects the public.Materials and Methods: We evaluated the quality of ten metformin tablet brands in Lagos (Mushin and Surulere area) using official methods to assess weight, hardness, friability, disintegration time, and dissolution. Active ingredient content was also measured.Results: Out of all the tablets tested, only 10 % had weights outside of the official British Pharmacopoeia 2002 limits (not more than two tablets should deviate from ±5% and none of the tablets should deviate by ± I0). The hardness test was passed by all the tablets (A minimum hardness of 4 kgF is a pass), while 80 % passed the friability test (weight loss of ≤ 1 %w/w is a pass). Additionally, all film-coated tablets disintegrated within 30 minutes according to United States Pharmacopoeia/National Formulary 2003 (film-coated tablets disintegrate within 30 minutes). Ninety percent of the tablets passed the dissolution test (drug release within 60 minutes should be between 93 and 103 %) and 90 % of all brands examined passed the assay test for the active ingredient contents. The British Pharmacopoeia 2019 standard was used for the dissolution test.Conclusion: Routine pharmaceutical analysis is essential for the quality of pharmaceutical products and the safety of consumers.
Preparation and evaluation of naproxen ternary solid dispersion using genetically modified cassava starch and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose
Authors: Balogun-Agbaje O. A. , Kujore H. A. , Bakre L. G. , Odeniyi M. A.
Published: April 2024

Background: Naproxen has poor aqueous solubility and high permeability, making its formulation into oral dosage form challenging. The objective of this work was to enhance naproxen aqueous solubility by formulating it into solid dispersion (SD) using genetically modified cassava starch (GMCS) and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as polymers, and polysorbate-80 as surfactant.Materials and Methods: Naproxen SD was prepared by solvent evaporation. Different polymer-drug ratios (1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1) were used. The SDs were evaluated for solubility and the optimum formulation (S2) subjected to Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Pure naproxen tablets (TN) and S2 tablets (T2) were directly compressed and assessed for hardness, friability, weight uniformity, disintegration and dissolution times.Results: The SD of polymer/drug ratio 2:1 and GMCS/HPMC proportion 2:1 had the highest solubility with the polymers showing synergism. Incorporating polysorbate-80 improved solubility by over 20 folds. SEM micrograph of the SD appeared smooth and spherical. DSC thermogram indicated a reduction in crystallinity of naproxen. FTIR spectrum showed no evidence of interaction with the polymers. T2 and TN tablets showed acceptable hardness, disintegration time and weight uniformity. The t50 and t90 dissolution values for T2 were 4.9 and 37.7 minutes respectively which were considerably lower than that of TN (28.57 and 63.42 minutes).Conclusion: Naproxen solubility was enhanced by solid dispersion formulation using genetically-modified cassava starch/HPMC blend. Synergistic effect in the improvement of naproxen solubility was established between the polymers. Inclusion of polysorbate-80 also improved naproxen solubility in the solid dispersion.
Evaluation of the binding properties of pectin isolated from Citrullus lanatus and Cucumis sativus peels in tetracycline capsule formulation
Authors: Obarisiagbon J. A. , Folorunsho O. A. , Eraga S. O. , Airemwen C. O. , Adeniyi-Akee A. M.
Published: April 2024

Background: The advent of science and technology has greatly enhanced the conversion of agro-industrial wastes into various value-added products to meet the demands of increasing population. The study evaluated the binding properties of pectin isolated from Citrullus lanatus and Cucumis sativus peels in comparison with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and pectin BP in oxytetracycline capsule formulationsMethods: Pectin was extracted from Citrullus lanatus and Cucumis sativus peels using standard procedures. Extracted pectin was subjected to phytochemical, organoleptic and spectral analysis and then used to prepare batches of oxytetracycline granules and capsules. Granule flow, capsules properties and drug compatibility studies using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis were determined.Results: Phytochemical analysis of the powdered peels of C. lanatus and C. sativus showed the presence of alkaloid, saponin, terpenoid and carbohydrate. Percentage yield of pectin were 11.88 and 12.27% for C. lanatus and C. sativus, respectively. Oxytetracycline granules prepared exhibited the following micromeritic properties; Hausner’s ratios - 1.12 to 1.33; Carr’s indices - 11.11 to 32.61(%); angles of repose - 30.47 to 43.89° and flow rates - 1.17 to 5.67 g/sec. Disintegration times of formulated capsules were between 4.86 to 6.87 min and were within pharmacopoeial limits for capsules. FTIR studies showed no interaction between drug and excipients. Dissolution studies revealed decreased drug released with increase in binder concentration.Conclusion: Pectin extracted from the peels of C. lanatus and C. sativus fruits compared favourably with pectin BP and CMC in their binding properties, hence a suitable substitute binder in the formulation of oxytetracycline granules and capsules.
Formulation and characterization of ibuprofen solid dispersions using native and modified starches
Authors: Olagunju O. , Bamiro O. A. , Bakre L G.
Published: April 2024

Background: Ibuprofen is an anti-inflammatory analgesic drug that is weakly water-soluble with a poor bioavailability.Objectives: The aim of this study is to formulate ibuprofen solid dispersions by solvent evaporation method using natural polymers (native cassava and genetically modified cassava (GMS), Cassava nanocrystal and corn starches) as possible hydrophilic carriers at varying weight proportions to optimize ibuprofen solubility and dissolution.Material and Methods: Solvent evaporation method was used to formulate the ibuprofen solid dispersions at different drug polymer ratios. The pure drug and solid dispersions were characterized using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), particle size, and in vitro drug release.Results: Solid dispersions formulated with starch nanocrystals showed the highest solubility. All solid dispersions prepared with drug:polymer ratio 1:2 generally showed highest solubility. According to the FTIR, the chemical structure of ibuprofen remained intact in the amorphous solid dispersion, but the structure changed from crystalline to amorphous, according to the XRD and the DSC also confirmed this. The scanning electron microscopy showed the solid dispersions were more porous than the pure drug. Higher dissolution rate was observed with nanocrystal solid dispersions with T50 (time required for 50% of the medication to be released) between 1.8 and 4.1 minutes.Conclusion: This study has shown that using these natural polymers increased the solubility and dissolution rate of ibuprofen.
Anxiolytic and sedative activities of the essential oil of the fresh young shoot of Asparagus officinalis L. in mice
Authors: Olusa A. S. , Oyemitan I. A.
Published: April 2024

Background: Asparagus officinalis L. is an edible plant that serve as a vegetable and medicine in different parts of the world, including CNS-related ailments.Objective: To evaluate the anxiolytic and sedative activities Asparagus officinalis L. fresh young shoot essential oil of Asparagus officinalis L. (EOAO) in mice.Method: The essential oil was obtained through hydro distillation using clevenger-type apparatus. The effect of EOAO (6.25, 12.5 and 25 mg/kg, i.p., n=6) on anxiety was evaluated using the elevated plus maze and hole board test. The sedative effect of the EOAO (50, 100 and150 mg/kg, i.p., n=6) was evaluated using ketamine-induced hypnosis (100 mg/kg, i.p.).Results: The EOAO (6.25, 12.5 and 25 mg/kg i.p.) and diazepam 1 mg/kg i.p., increased significantly (p < 0.01) the time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze (EPM) compared to the vehicle. There was significant increase in head dips (p < 0.01) at 6.25, 12.5 and 25 mg/kg i.p. of the administered oil. The EOAO at 50, 100 and150 mg/kg, i.p. and diazepam (2 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly (p < 0.01 – 0.001) reduced the sleep latency when compared to the vehicle. At 50, 100 and150 mg/kg, i.p. the EOAO and diazepam (2 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly (p < 0.01 - 0.001) prolonged the total sleeping time when compared to the vehicle.Conclusion: The study concluded that Asparagus officinalis L. essential oil possesses anxiolytic and sedative activities.
Availability, storage, handling and administration of vaccines in community pharmacies: Southwest Nigeria as a case study
Authors: Sanusi F. A. , Saka S. A. , Oshinaike R. O. , Ade-Adekunle O. A.
Published: April 2024

Background: Vaccines have been instrumental in thwarting the spread of infectious diseases and have been a major public health success. Community pharmacies are a critical resource for success of any immunization programme. However, pharmacists’ involvement in immunization programme in Nigeria has not been thoroughly investigated. This study assessed the involvement of pharmacists in immunization services.Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among community pharmacists, using a structured pre-tested questionnaire. The survey tool, which consisted of 72-item questions spread over five different domains, assessed vaccine availability in community pharmacies and pharmacist’s knowledge on vaccine. This (knowledge) addresses vaccine handling and administration as well as storage. The questionnaire was administered to selected community pharmacies by a combination of physical interview and electronic version through Google form link sent to pharmacist’s WhatsApp platform. Association between patients’ socio-demographics and some variables of interest was determined using Chi-square statistic.Result: One hundred and ninety-one (191) pharmacists responded to the questionnaire (99.5% response rate). About half, one hundred and three (53.93%) of the respondents were aged between 31 and 50 years. One hundred and twenty-nine (67.54%) of the pharmacists had B.Pharm degree as the highest level of education. There was a significant association between pharmacists’ age (χ2 = 30.5, p<0.01), years of experience (χ2 = 25.9, p<0.01), level of education (χ2 = 19.6, p<0.05) and knowledge on vaccine handling and administration. Also, significant association (p<0.01) existed between pharmacists’ age (χ2 = 45.1), years of experience (χ2 = 45.3), level of education (χ2 = 31.6) and knowledge of vaccine storage. Furthermore, there was a significant association (p<0.01) between being trained as a vaccine administrator and level of knowledge on vaccine storage (χ2 = 57.8) as well as handling and administration (χ2 = 45.2).Conclusion: Pharmacists’ level of education and training (as vaccine administrator) were key factors in pharmacists’ involvement in immunization care service.
Biosynthesis, characterization and antivenom activities of Moringa oleifera silver nanoparticles: an experimental approach
Authors: Adeyi A. O. , Olowookorun T. O. , Ajisebiola B. S. , Labulo H. A. , Adeyi O. E. , Ibrahim H.
Published: April 2024

Moringa oleifera has been previously established to possess neutralizing potentials against Echis ocellatus venom. This study however, investigated the bioefficacy of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized from M. oleifera leaf extract aimed at improving its bioactivity against E. ocellatus venom-induced toxicities using in vivo and in vitro methods. The intrinsic characteristics of the produced M. oleifera-Silver nanoparticles (MO-AgNPs) were carried out using energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Twenty-five male Wistar rats divided randomly into five groups (n=5) were used for the antivenom study. Group 1 received saline while groups 2 to 5 were envenomed intraperitoneally with 0.22mg/kg (LD50) of E. ocellatus venom. Group 2 was left untreated while groups 3 to 5 were treated with 0.2ml of antivenom, 5 and 10mg/kg MO-AgNPs post-envenomation, respectively. Blood and tissue of treated rats were analyzed for heamatological parameters and histopathology, respectively. The MO-AgNPs formation was confirmed with a colour change from light brown to yellowish-brown with maximum SPR band at 420nm from UV-Vis analysis, indicating a reflection of the bio-reduction of Ag+ to Ag0. The Transmission electron micrographs showed well dispersed spherical AgNPs with average particle size of 15.7nm. Treatment with MO-AgNPs caused a significant improvement of acute anemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia induced by the venom in the envenomed treated rats. Also, MO-AgNPs inhibited the haemorrhagic, haemolytic and anticoagulant activities of the venom. Tissue lesions observed in heart of envenomed untreated rats were attenuated after treatment with MO-AgNPs. The biosynthesized MO-AgNPs exhibited potent neutralizing potentials than M. oleifera crude extract against E. ocellatus venom toxicities.
Physico-chemical parameters, heavy-metals and soil particle distribution of Liverpool axis of Badagry Creek, Lagos, South-western Nigeria
Authors: Adeboyejo O. A. , Clarke O. E. , Uyosue L. , Ogun M. L.
Published: April 2024

Heavy metal pollution is a serious issue of concern worldwide because it can bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms and transferred through the food chain to harm humans. Information on the heavy metal pollution of aquatic ecosystems is essential to protect life. Therefore, this study was undertaken to determine the physico-chemical parameters of surface water, soil particle distribution (SPD) and heavy metals in two shellfish species in Liverpool axis of Badagry Creek, Lagos State, Nigeria. Twelve physico-chemical parameters and four heavy metals were studied using standard methods. The results showed that maximum temperature was 31.0±1.00˚0C; turbidity, 118.00±50.90NTU; dissolved oxygen (DO), 13.3±3.8mg/l; dissolved carbon dioxide (COD), 67.7±19.1mg/l; total hardness, 173.0±63.1mg/l; conductivity, 39.2±12.2μS/cm and chloride was 2.0±0.7mg/l. Water quality parameters showed significant spatial variations (p<0.05) among sample stations. Pearson’s correction matrices revealed high correlation of DO with nitrate (r = 0.61), total hardness (r=0.62) and COD (r=0.52) at p<0.05. The heavy metal concentrations (mg/kg) in the shellfishes, Callinectes pallidus and Farfantepenaeus notialis were: lead, 0.05±0.05 and 0.04±0.02; copper, 2.03±0.17 and 0.84±0.18; zinc, 3.51±0.44 and 1.99±0.2 and cadmium, 0.02±0.02 and 0.03±0.04 respectively. These levels were not above the WHO standards (for heavy metals in fish and shell fish). The sediment particle distribution (SPD) showed that Liverpool Jetty had 19.05% coarse sand and 43.91% fine sand, while Apapa Jetty had the highest amount of clay 45.29% in the environment. Heavy metals in shellfishes were above the WHO standards.
La competencia intercultural en el profesorado. Una revisión a través del estudio de caso del alumnado gitano en España
Authors: Buhigas Jiménez Mencía
Published: April 2024

Para poder responder críticamente sobre si la competencia intercultural del profesorado es un factor clave en el éxito educativo de la población gitana en España, deberemos labrar un camino de comprensión de los conceptos clave. Comenzaremos con la interculturalidad, sus orígenes y significado; a lo que seguirá una revisión bibliográfica de la competencia intercultural para comprender la presencia del concepto en el plano educativo del profesorado. Finalmente, se reflexionará sobre la situación actual del alumnado gitano usando las bases teóricas de la pedagogía decolonial y el aprendizaje dialógico para redefinir la competencia a través de la inclusión de la historia gitana en el currículo. Labrando así, una etapa crucial en el abordaje de la cuestión, previa a un posible trabajo de campo futuro.
Incorporación de elementos multimedia como recurso didáctico en un escenario post-pandemia. Estudio de caso escuela secundaria técnica 28 “María del Carmen Molina y Rivero”
Authors: Nájera Méndez Marysol , Sotelo Bahena Fermín
Published: April 2024

El presente estudio expone la aplicación de recursos tecnológicos en actividades escolares. Para ello, pretende determinar la forma adecuada de implementar en dos proyectos de la asignatura de Español secundaria tercer grado recursos multimedia en el escenario post-pandemia 2023. Se presenta una metodología de estudio de caso mixto, basado en la investigación acción práctica, la cual busca actuar desde una situación real y enfrentar las dificultades que presentan las personas involucradas. Los estudiantes implicados son 18 mujeres (62.07%) y 11 hombres (37.93%), donde las edades oscilan entre los 14 y 15 años. Se usan cuestionarios para conocer las características y contexto de los alumnos, así como su asociación con las TIC. De igual forma, se utilizan instrumentos de evaluación sobre las actividades digitales que se solicitan en la plataforma de Classroom y se finaliza, con la aplicación de cuestionarios de satisfacción después de que la estrategia fue llevada a cabo. Los resultados demuestran que, a los educandos, las TIC, les sirven mucho para su aprendizaje y les permiten entregar las actividades de forma más eficaz e interesante, a la vez, se concluye que el utilizarlas refuerza sus conocimientos, su autonomía y creatividad.