bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photoelectron circular dichroism of O 1s-photoelectrons of uniaxially oriented trifluoromethyloxirane: energy dependence and sensitivity to molecular configuration
Authors: Nalin Giammarco , Fehre Kilian , Trinter Florian , Novikovskiy Nikolay M. , Anders Nils , Trabert Daniel , Grundmann Sven , Kircher Max , Khan Arnab , Tomar Raghu , Hofmann Max , Waitz Markus , Vela-Pérez Isabel , Kastirke Gregor , Siebert Juliane , Tsitsonis Dimitrios , Fukuzawa Hironobu , Ueda Kiyoshi , Williams Joshua B. , Kargin Denis , Maurer Martin , Küstner-Wetekam Catmarna , Marder Lutz , Viehmann Johannes , Knie André , Jahnke Till , Ilchen Markus , Dörner Reinhard , Pietschnig Rudolf , Demekhin Philipp V. , Schöffler Markus S.
Published: July 2021

Distant ligands invert photoelectron circular dichroism.
Arrow pushing in RNA modification sequencing
Authors: Bartee David , Thalalla Gamage Supuni , Link Courtney N. , Meier Jordan L.
Published: July 2021

Methods to accurately determine the location and abundance of RNA modifications are critical to understanding their functional role.
Chemical sensors based on a Eu(iii)-centered periodic mesoporous organosilica hybrid material using picolinic acid as an efficient secondary ligand
Authors: Liu Wanlu , Kaczmarek Anna M. , Rijckaert Hannes , Van Der Voort Pascal , Van Deun Rik
Published: July 2021

Eu(iii)-Centered periodic mesoporous organosilicas with picolinic acid as the ‘antenna effect’ ligand have been utilized for metal ion sensing (Fe3+, Co2+ and Cu2+) as well as pH sensing in alkaline environments.
Wasted photons: photogeneration yield and charge carrier collection efficiency of hematite photoanodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Piekner Yifat , Ellis David S. , Grave Daniel A. , Tsyganok Anton , Rothschild Avner
Published: July 2021

A comprehensive method for extraction of the wavelength-dependent fraction of absorbed photons that generate electron–hole pairs and the spatial charge carrier collection efficiency is presented and applied for a thin film hematite photoanode.
Nanomaterials: stimulants for biofuels and renewables, yield and energy optimization
Authors: Kumar Yogendra , Yogeshwar Prerna , Bajpai Sushant , Jaiswal Pooja , Yadav Shalu , Pathak Diksha Praveen , Sonker Muskan , Tiwary Saurabh Kr
Published: July 2021

Nanoparticles play a vital role in energy and yield optimization of biofuels for competitive cost and commerical production. The role of nanomaterials, functions, various characterization techniques, nucleation and growth kinetics have been discussed in this review.
Small molecule-mediated induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress in cancer cells
Authors: Pandey Shalini , Sharma Virender Kumar , Biswas Ankur , Lahiri Mayurika , Basu Sudipta
Published: July 2021

Sulfononylhydrazide-hydrazone based small molecules as ER stress modulators for anti-cancer therapy
Covalent PROTACs: the best of both worlds?
Authors: Grimster Neil P.
Published: July 2021

Covalent PROTACs combine the cutting edge research areas of targeted covalent inhibitors (TCIs) and proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs).
Exploiting the efficacy of Tyro3 and folate receptors to enhance the delivery of gold nanoparticles into colorectal cancer cells in vitro
Authors: Patel Nakul , Ghali Lucy , Roitt Ivan , Munoz Leonardo Puntoja , Bayford Richard
Published: July 2021

FR and Tyro3 receptors are upregulated in CRC cells compared to normal cells. Simultaneous targeting of FR and Tyro3 receptors using GNPs has resulted in superior uptake in CRC cells compared to GNPs targeting FR or Tyro3 receptors alone.
Iron oxide nanoparticles for immune cell labeling and cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Chung Seokhwan , Revia Richard A. , Zhang Miqin
Published: July 2021

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP) can be used for MRI-mediated immune cell tracking for improved cancer diagnosis and therapy. IONPs are also used in immunotherapeutic approaches such as cancer vaccines and hyperthermic therapy.
Luminescent copper indium sulfide (CIS) quantum dots for bioimaging applications
Authors: Morselli Giacomo , Villa Marco , Fermi Andrea , Critchley Kevin , Ceroni Paola
Published: July 2021

This review covers the main applications of copper indium sulfide quantum dots for bioimaging applications.
Facile synthesis of MgAl layered double hydroxides by a co-precipitation method for efficient nitrate removal from water: kinetics and mechanisms
Authors: Jiang Zhuwu , Wu Jiangnan , Liu Xinru , Yu Hai , Jiao Chengyuan , Shen Jyunhong , Pei Yanyan
Published: July 2021

A series of MgAl-LDH as highly efficient adsorbents for removing low concentrations of NO3− were synthesized. The mechanism of NO3− removal has been comprehensively discussed in terms of its characterization, adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics.
Simultaneous gas expansion and nitrogen doping strategy to prepare licorice root residues-derived nitrogen doped porous carbon for supercapacitors
Authors: Gao Jiande , Fan Dongying , Liu Xiong
Published: July 2021

Licorice root residues-derived nitrogen doped porous carbon (NP-LRC) have been prepared via a simultaneous gas expansion, activation and nitrogen doping strategy, which exhibits high specific capacitance and excellent long-term stability.
Visible light-driven photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants via carbon quantum dots/TiO2
Authors: Wang Kunjie , Liang Lei , Zheng Yi , Li Hongxia , Niu Xiaohui , Zhang Deyi , Fan Haiyan
Published: July 2021

The preparation process of carbon quantum dots and TiO2, and a diagram of the mechanism of the degradation of organic pollutants by composite materials under visible light.
Construction of nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanosheets decorated with Fe–N4 and iron oxides by a biomass coordination strategy for efficient oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Wang Xilong , Yang Chen , Guo Peng , Li Yadong , Gao Nannan , Liang Han-Pu
Published: July 2021

A highly efficient Fe2O3@C/FeNC electrocatalyst with Fe–N4 and iron oxides decorated on nitrogen doped carbon nanosheets has been synthesized by the one-step pyrolysis of Fe-coordinated egg white without acid leaching assistance.
Spontaneous conversion of prenyl halides to acids: application in metal-free preparation of deuterated compounds under mild conditions
Authors: Darshana Dhanushka , Sureram Sanya , Mahidol Chulabhorn , Ruchirawat Somsak , Kittakoop Prasat
Published: July 2021

Unprecedented spontaneous conversion of prenyl halides to acid (DX) was observed in CD3OD. In situ generation of DX was applied for metal-free preparation of a broad range of deuterated compounds, with no chromatographic separation.
Electron n-doping of a highly electron-deficient chlorinated benzodifurandione-based oligophenylene vinylene polymer using benzyl viologen radical cations
Authors: Tam Teck Lip Dexter , Handoko Albertus Denny , Lin Ting Ting , Xu Jianwei
Published: July 2021

Successful electron-doping of highly electron-deficient chlorinated benzodifurandione-based polyphenylene vinylene using viologen radical cation.
Achieving metal-free phosphorescence in dilute solutions for imaging hypoxia in cells and tumors
Authors: Li Peng , Guo Yurong , Jia Yan , Guan Hongwei , Wang Chao , Wu Zibo , Sun Shuqing , Qu Zongjin , Zhou Panwang , Zhao Guangjiu
Published: July 2021

Metal-free room temperature phosphorescence free of the constraint of a rigid environment was achieved by building selenium-based ICT systems. Hypoxia in cells and tumors can be imaged conveniently by molecules according to the proposed strategy.
Energy optimization of bio-oil production from biomass by fast pyrolysis using microwaves
Authors: Ubiera Lilivet , Polaert Isabelle , Delmotte Michel , Abdelouahed Lokmane , Taouk Bechara
Published: July 2021

Microwave fast pyrolysis leads to higher bio-oil production for flax shives than other biomass. An high heating rate and an optimum energy input are required for maximum bio-oil production. Gas and oil composition is stable with operating conditions.
Development of a continuous flow synthesis of FGIN-1-27 enabled by in-line 19F NMR analyses and optimization algorithms
Authors: Vasudevan N. , Aka Ehu C. , Barré Elvina , Wimmer Eric , Cortés-Borda Daniel , Giraudeau Patrick , Farjon Jonathan , Rodriguez-Zubiri Mireia , Felpin François-Xavier
Published: July 2021

A continuous flow synthesis of FGIN-1-27 has been developed using enabling technologies such as real-time in-line benchtop 19F NMR analysis and an optimization algorithm.
Natural products dereplication by diffusion ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY)
Authors: Kleks Guy , Holland Darren C. , Porter Joshua , Carroll Anthony R.
Published: July 2021

We report accurate DOSY NMR based molecular weight and diffusion coefficient prediction tools. These tools can be used to dereplicate known natural products from databases using structurally rich NMR data as a surrogate for mass spectrometric data.
Vertical compositional variations of liquid hydrocarbons in Titan’s alkanofers
Authors: Cordier Daniel , Bonhommeau David A. , Vu Tuan H. , Choukroun Mathieu , García-Sánchez Fernando
Published: July 2021

Context.According to clues left by theCassinimission, Titan, one of the two Solar System bodies with a hydrologic cycle, may harbor liquid hydrocarbon-based analogs of our terrestrial aquifers, referred to as “alkanofers”.

Aims.On the Earth, petroleum and natural gas reservoirs show a vertical gradient in chemical composition, established over geological timescales. In this work, we aim to investigate the conditions under which Titan’s processes could lead to similar situations.

Methods.We built numerical models including barodiffusion and thermodiffusion (Soret’s effect) in N2+CH4+C2H6liquid mixtures, which are relevant for Titan’s possible alkanofers. Our main assumption is the existence of reservoirs of liquids trapped in a porous matrix with low permeability.

Results.Due to the small size of the molecule, nitrogen seems to be more sensitive to gravity than ethane, even if the latter has a slightly larger mass. This behavior, noticed for an isothermal crust, is reinforced by the presence of a geothermal gradient. Vertical composition gradients, formed over timescales of between a fraction of a mega-year to several tens of mega-years, are not influenced by molecular diffusion coefficients. We find that ethane does not accumulate at the bottom of the alkanofers under diffusion, leaving the question of why ethane is not observed on Titan’s surface unresolved. If the alkanofer liquid was in contact with water-ice, we checked that N2did not, in general, impede the clathration of C2H6, except in some layers. Interestingly, we found that noble gases could easily accumulate at the bottom of an alkanofer.
Le Quinoa au temps de la Covid-19 : vers de nouvelles coordinations entre les producteurs des différents pays andins
Authors: Bazile Didier , Andreotti Federico , Biaggi Cristina , Canahua Murillo Alipio , Chevarria-Lazo Marco , Chura Ernesto , Garland Gerardo , González Juan Antonio , Mujica-Sánchez Ángel , Tapia-Nuñez Mario E.
Published: July 2021

Le quinoa est cultivé depuis des millénaires dans les Andes depuis sa domestication sur les bords du lac Titicaca, entre le Pérou et la Bolivie. Culture rustique des hauts plateaux andins, il a conquis le marché international depuis une trentaine d’années. Aujourd’hui, le Pérou est le premier producteur mondial et la majorité de sa production est exportée. Produit localement par des petits paysans et consommé à l’échelle globale, le quinoa reflète bien le contexte de la mondialisation de l’agriculture et de l’alimentation. La crise de la Covid-19 a aussi touché le Pérou et interroge les acteurs sur la robustesse et la résilience des filières d’exportations. Cet article d’opinion repose sur des débats organisés en mai–juin 2020 au Pérou. Après avoir rappelé le contexte général de la culture du quinoa et du lien entre la Covid-19, l’agriculture et la biodiversité, nous soulignons les liens entre crise sanitaire, crise agricole et crise alimentaire. Cette pandémie mondiale offre l’opportunité de questionner les modèles agricoles actuels afin d’en tirer des leçons pour le futur. La projection de nouvelles solidarités autour d’une marque collective est porteuse d’un projet territorial transnational à l’échelle des Andes. Accompagner les acteurs pour en faire un modèle de développement inclusif requiert des outils participatifs adaptés.
Monitoring System of High Voltage Dielectric Equipment
Authors: Golenishchev-Kutuzov Aleksandr V. , Golenishchev-Kutuzov Vadim A. , Ivanov Dmitry A. , Semennikov Anton V. , Galieva Tatyana G.
Published: July 2021

Based on the research of the main causes of dielectric elements premature aging and electrical destruction of primary dielectric elements in high voltage electrical equipment the complex method for remote monitoring of said electrical equipment has been developed. The developed mobile diagnostic device is allowing detection and periodic control of the most dangerous defects. The set of diagnostic parameters of defects was experimentally obtained by using three physical methods (electromagnetic, optical, and acoustic), and allows to inspect the origin and development of defects, and to determine residual life of dielectric elements with a sufficient degree of reliability. The researched characteristics of the kinetics of reduction in operating parameters of polymer insulators permitted the development of the detection of accelerated increase in defects under the influence of ultra-large partial discharges.
Influence of the type of membership functions of fuzzy variables on transient processes in an electric drive
Authors: Azimov R.A. , Kuznetsov N.M. , Morozov I.N. , Fedorov O.V. , Vladimirov O.V.
Published: July 2021

The paper deals with the influence of the type of membership functions of fuzzy variables on transient processes in an electric drive. The membership functions of fuzzy variables of S-shaped type and triangular type are proposed for consideration. To identify the dependencies of the influence of these functions, the article offers simulation modeling in the Matlab software environment, the Simulink application. The system of frequency converter - asynchronous motor (FC-AM) was chosen as the considered control system. Transient processes in the considered system with various types of membership functions are shown. The results of the work are summarized in the conclusions.
Study on Hydrolysis Reaction Rate of Several Chemical Warfare Agents
Authors: Xuezhi Dai
Published: July 2021

According to the first-order kinetic reaction equation, the hydrolysis rate constants of homogeneous and heterogeneous phase of eight poisons under different conditions were calculated, and the relationship between hydrolysis rate constants and temperature was obtained according to the arrhenius formula, and the activation energy of hydrolysis reaction of some poisons was calculated. The evolution curve of homogeneous hydrolysis rate of 0.5 g/L HD with time was collected by T-135 method, and the hydrolysis rate was 0.1 min-1 and the half-life was 7 min. Poison concentration, pH of system, environmental temperature and structural composition of soil all affect the hydrolysis rate of Chemical Warfare Agents.
Polymeric Micelles for Cancer Drug Delivery and Targeting
Authors: Wang Yuyan
Published: July 2021

Over the past years, the emergence of various therapeutic approaches has attracted so much consideration, but chemotherapy remains the most effective way in experimental practice. However, due to obstacles and difficulties, there is a limitation for the additional clinical presentation of the outdated chemical treatments such as paclitaxel and doxorubicin. Some of the barriers are severe side effects, profound cytotoxicity, and low therapeutic efficacy. Drug delivery systems (DDS) such as polymeric micelles have been technologically advanced over the recent decades to advance the treatment efficacy and lessen the side effects incurred. The polymeric micelles self-assembled from amphiphilic polymers serve to sum up hydrophobic treatments in the core and regulate the discharge profile of the drugs through response towards stimuli of the tumor microenvironments, which in this case are pH, temperature, light, and reduction.
Nickel-Iron Layered Double Hydroxide for Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhao Qiuyu , Xi Wenke , Wang Jianjun
Published: July 2021

It is extensively accepted that electrolysis of water producing regenerable energy is a crucial substitution of traditional fuel strategy. Herein, we report a wet-chemical route to Ni-Fe layered double hydroxide (LDH) interconnected nanosheets with large surface area with the support of vertically aligned ZnO microrods arrays on the nickel foam (Ni-Fe LDH@ZnO/NF) for oxygen evolution reaction. Owing to the 2D Ni-Fe LDH nanosheets distributed in 3D space, the Ni-Fe LDH@ZnO/NF demonstrates excellent OER performances with a reasonably low overpotential of 271 mV at a current density of 10 mA·cm-2, and a long-term stability up to 29 hours. This work proposes a new strategy to prepare Ni-Fe LDH/NF as efficient OER catalyst.
The Groundwater Vulnerability Researches of Horqin District in Tongliao City Based on the AHP Method
Authors: Xuguang Li , Yajian Dai , Haiyang He
Published: July 2021

On the basis of DRASTIC model index system, combined with the actual situation in Horqin district in Tongliao City, this paper removed the influence of the topography, added land use effects, modified the new model DRASLIC, used analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and calculated the new evaluation results. Groundwater management and protection decisions in Tongliao Horqin area provide a reliable basis for the application to design the groundwater monitoring network, site selection of waste landfill, evaluation and control of groundwater pollution, and provide a basis for other work. such as groundwater contamination and protection.
Innovation of Traditional Creation Wisdom in Intelligent Age
Authors: Zhu Zonghua
Published: July 2021

In recent years, with the idea of carrying forward traditional culture gradually gaining popularity, people pay more attention to the traditional creation wisdom contained in traditional artifacts, and on this basis, actively explore more innovative design methods, so as to realize the organic combination of traditional creation wisdom and intelligent era, so that traditional creation wisdom can be better inherited and carried forward. Based on this, this paper discusses the traditional creation wisdom, combines the development and improvement of modern times, takes the design of artistic furniture as a case, the paper analyzes how to combine and innovate the traditional creation wisdom in the product design under the current intelligent era by the combination of traditional creation wisdom and the emerging “Unity 3D” technology, in order to better inherit and carry forward the traditional creation wisdom.
Characteristics of Atmospheric Dustfall and Soil Magnetic Susceptibility and Environmental Significance in Xining City
Authors: Peng Qiang , Sun Yongjuan
Published: July 2021

Magnetic susceptibility is an important means to quickly and economically monitor the enrichment of surrounding environmental elements. As a regional central city on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the relationship between atmospheric dust magnetic susceptibility and heavy metal content in Xining area is relatively lacking. In this paper, the magnetic susceptibility and geochemical element content of the collected dust samples, loess samples, surface soil samples and soil profile samples obtained through long-term observations are analyzed. The results show that the magnetic susceptibility of the dust-fall samples is the highest, the soil samples are the second, and the loess samples are the lowest; the magnetic susceptibility of the dust-fall samples in Xining City has a significant correlation with the elements Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn and Hg, and the magnetic susceptibility can be used as an indicator of heavy metal in the soil; the elements Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and As in the soil profile are enriched at 20 cm or 30 cm, which is related to the leaching of surface elements.
Advance of modified ELISA and their application
Authors: Li Hejia , Li Yuhan , Xia Yihan
Published: July 2021

ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is a reliable and sensitive method of detection technique. It is commonly used in the daily research of scientific institutions and laboratories world widely. Although ELISA has an acceptable sensitivity and accuracy, when it comes to timely information about urgent detections, conventional ELISA lacks the ability to provide that. In this article, we introduce various types of modifications of ELISA and their applications in many fields, including the clinic diagnosis and the food detection, as well as the introduction of practical ELISA systems.
Effect of Ultrasound Treatment on the Sterilization and Quality of Cucurbita pepo
Authors: Guanwen Suo , Meijuan Cai , Chunli Zhou , Wei Su , Xueyan Hu
Published: July 2021

The influence of ultrasonic technology on the sterilization effect and quality of Cucurbita pepo juice were studied in this paper. The sterilization rate under conditions of control 100W, 200W, 300W ultrasonic, color difference, total chlorophyll content, pH changes on juice Cucurbita pepo were determined. The results showed that the total color difference, browning index, whiteness index and total chlorophyll content of the juice had significant changes, while the pH had no significant changes. Ultrasonic has a certain influence on the sterilization effect of Cucurbita pepo, and ultrasonic treatment is helpful to maintain the quality of pumpkin juice in a certain range. In the future, it is hoped that ultrasonic technology will combine with other technologies to achieve commercial sterility while minimizing the loss of quality in Cucurbita pepo.
Le masochisme : un destin du traumatisme à l’adolescence ?
Authors: Matha Catherine
Published: July 2021

Entre traumatisme et masochisme, les liaisons sont nombreuses, particulièrement au moment de l’adolescence. L’auteure invite à considérer les actes d’attaque du corps comme la recherche d’une prise en charge d’expériences traumatiques antérieures. Leur réactualisation au moment de l’adolescence, attestant d’une intrication pulsionnelle insuffisante, autoriserait une reprise élaborative de leur genèse sollicitant particulièrement le « travail du masochisme ». Est ainsi proposée l’idée d’une voie masochiste « gardienne de la vie », le sujet ressentant dans les moments d’impasse le besoin d’une souffrance masochistement investie. Cette souffrance opère aux différents niveaux du masochisme : la douleur œuvre à héroïser la souffrance, la position active tempère les vécus d’intrusion en autorisant une forme de passivité dans la réceptivité corporelle de la douleur, et l’autosacrifice satisfait le besoin de punition réclamé avec force par le moi.
The Role of Quality Improvement in the Innovation practices in SMEs in Latvia
Authors: Rizhamadze Ketevan , Ābeltiņa Anna
Published: July 2021

The hasty pace of globalization depicted by fundamental changes in the production technologies is utterly altering international trade. Furthermore, the rapid technological transformation requires organizations to refer to quality improvement while introducing innovative services and products. The following study scrutinizes the role of quality improvement in the innovation within the SMEs operating throughout Latvia. The nature of the study is quantitative and the views of SMEs representatives were captured via an online survey. SMEs operating in the field of manufacturing and retail in Latvia were selected for the participation in the study. As the research results reveal, quality improvement is considered as an important factor upon which innovative activities are implemented. Besides, in the rapidly changing consumer needs, product quality improvement is seen as a process of modifying and redesigning the products and services to satisfy well swiftly fluctuating demands for SMEs. In addition, our research discloses that the major sectors in Latvia within which quality management systems certification was requested were: construction, transportation, communication, wholesale and retail trade. Furthermore, research findings show that financing of productive capacity is central to any development strategy, but access to finances still remains a major obstacle for SMEs.
Human Resource Management in Healthcare
Authors: Blštáková Jana , Palenčárová Jana
Published: July 2021

Contemporary healthcare systems face several challenges. The main management challenges include shortage and low satisfaction of health professionals. Satisfaction and motivation of medical staff is crucial for their stabilization and quality work-medical performance. The positive impact of HRM practices on increasing employee satisfaction and engagement is scientifically proven. Currently, HRM practices in healthcare are used in a limited way, often only at the level of HR or labour law and union bargaining. This is indicative of the low level of HR development. It is desirable to make full use of HRM practices in healthcare. The aim of this paper is to identify and define the challenges of human resource management in healthcare and explain the importance of implementing developed HRM practices to improve the quality of health care delivery. The research method used is a literature search. The investigation of the relationship between quality human resource management and healthcare delivery is considered important because the knowledge and competency to manage people are not necessary to hold a management position in most healthcare professions in Slovakia. In the world’s best hospitals, we find developed HRM with a positive impact on employee satisfaction and medical indicators.
Was gehört auf meine Website? – Die Praxis-Homepage sicher gestalten
Authors: Gräfe Ann-Kathrin
Published: July 2021

Wer eine Website betreibt, muss eine Reihe von Vorschriften beachten – andernfalls drohen teure Abmahnungen. Wir zeigen sechs häufige Stolperfallen und wie Sie diese vermeiden.
Effects of respiratory muscle training in soccer players: a systematic review with a meta-analysis
Authors: León-Morillas Felipe , León-Garzón Martha Cecilia , del Mar Martínez-García María , Reina-Abellán Javier , Palop-Montoro María Victoria , de Oliveira-Sousa Silvana Loana
Published: July 2021

Respiratory muscle training can improve strength and reduce respiratory muscle fatigue during high-intensity exercise. Little is known about the existing evidence in soccer players. A systematic review with a meta-analysis was performed to analyse the existing evidence on the effects of respiratory muscle training in soccer players. Two independent researchers reviewed 17 databases until July 2019. Inclusion criteria were controlled clinical trials (randomised or not), soccer players (professional or recreational), females and/or males, and respiratory muscle training compared with simulated or regular training groups. The methodological quality and quality of evidence were evaluated with the Cochrane Collaboration Tool and GRADE score, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using the integral meta-analysis 3.3.070. Nine studies met the eligibility criteria. The meta-analysis was performed for eight variables related to respiratory muscle function, lung function and sports performance. Respiratory muscle training provided a significant improvement compared with simulated or regular training in maximal inspiratory buccal pressure (6 studies, SDM = 0.89; 95 % CI = 0.42, 1.35) and maximum consumption of oxygen (3 studies, SDM = 0.92; 95 % CI = 0.24; 1.61). No significant improvements were observed for other variables. The quality of the evidence was rated as low or very low.
Role of Benzylic Deprotonation in Nickel-Catalyzed Benzylic Dehydrogenation
Authors: Newhouse Timothy R. , Zhang Pengpeng , Cantrell Rachel L.
Published: July 2021

Alkylarenes are readily functionalized via the corresponding benzylic anions. Benzylic anions have been used for a range of catalytic reactions, including Ni-catalyzed dehydrogenation. Interestingly, the employment of Zn(TMP)2 for slow and incomplete deprotonation of the benzylic position was observed. This manuscript describes a preliminary investigation into the deprotonation of heteroarenes and its relationship to Ni-catalyzed benzylic dehydrogenation.
Comparing Ipsilateral and Contralateral Laminotomy with Bilateral Decompression in Cases with Far Lateral Disk Herniation and Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Authors: Akar Ezgi , Öğrenci Ahmet , Koban Orkun , Yılmaz Mesut , Dalbayrak Sedat
Published: July 2021

Introduction The aim of this study was to compare clinical results of bilateral decompression and laminotomy and contralateral laminotomy following discectomy from the same side in patients who have far lateral disk herniation and lumbar spinal stenosis at the same level.

Materials and Methods Twenty-four patients with far lateral disk herniation have been divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 14), those who have been through bilateral canal decompression with far lateral discectomy and ipsilateral approach, and group 2 (n = 10), those who have been through far lateral discectomy and bilateral decompression with unilateral approach from contralateral side. Early postoperative, 1st month, and 12th month back and leg pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores of the patients have been retrospectively evaluated.

Results There is no significant difference between 1st month back and leg pain VAS scores of the groups. But 12th month back and leg pain VAS scores of group 1 are significantly higher than 1st month VAS scores. Also, 12th month back and leg pain VAS scores of group 1 are significantly higher than group 1. In the scanning carried out when the complaints of eight patients in group 1 continued, pars interarticularis fracture has been observed on the side where the surgery has been performed (57.1%). Six of these eight patients have been through stabilization surgery (42.8%).

Conclusion Long-term postoperative results are better in cases who have been performed bilateral decompression with unilateral approach from contralateral side with median incision following paramedian incision discectomy in patients with far lateral disk herniation and spinal stenosis.
Understanding Speed–Accuracy Processing Dynamics in Aphasia Using Response Time Modeling
Authors: Evans William S. , Quique Yina M.
Published: July 2021

People with aphasia demonstrate language impairments evident in both performance accuracy and processing speed, but the direct relationship between accuracy and speed requires further consideration. This article describes two recent attempts to make quantitative progress in this domain using response time modeling: the diffusion model (Ratcliff, 1978) applied to two-choice tasks and a multinomial ex-Gaussian model applied to picture naming. The diffusion model may be used to characterize core linguistic processing efficiency and speed–accuracy tradeoffs independently, and research suggests that maladaptive speed–accuracy tradeoffs lead to performance impairments in at least some people with aphasia. The multinomial ex-Gaussian response time model of picture naming provides a simple and straightforward way to estimate the optimal response time cutoffs for individual people with aphasia (i.e., the cutoff where additional time is unlikely to lead to a correct response). While response time modeling applied to aphasia research is at an early stage of development, both the diffusion model and multinomial ex-Gaussian response time model of picture naming show promise and should be further developed in future work. This article also provides preliminary recommendations for clinicians regarding how to conceptualize, identify, and potentially address maladaptive speed–accuracy tradeoffs for people with aphasia.
Laboratory Approaches to Test the Function of Antiphospholipid Antibodies
Authors: Szabó Gábor , Antal-Szalmás Péter , Kerényi Adrienne , Pénzes Krisztina , Bécsi Bálint , Kappelmayer János
Published: July 2021

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disorder caused by the presence of aPLs (antiphospholipid antibodies, i.e., anti-β2-glycoprotein I and anti-cardiolipin). Everyday practice in terms of laboratory diagnostics of APS includes determination of aPLs and well-known functional assays assessing for lupus anticoagulant (LA), in turn using various tests. According to recent guidelines, the recommended method for LA identification or exclusion is based on the Russell Viper Venom test and a sensitive activated partial thromboplastin time assay. Despite the fact that LA can be quantified in laboratory practice in this way, LA is still used as a binary parameter that is just one of the risk factors of thrombosis in APS. As of today, there are no other functional assays to routinely assess the risk of thrombosis in APS. It is well-known that APS patients display a wide range of clinical outcomes although they may express very similar laboratory findings. One way to solve this dilemma, could be if antibodies could be further delineated using more advanced functional tests. Therefore, we review the diagnostic approaches to test the function of aPLs. We further discuss how thrombin generation assays, and rotational thromboelastometry tests can be influenced by LA, and how experimental methods, such as flow cytometric platelet activation, surface plasmon resonance, or nano differential scanning fluorimetry can bring us closer to the puzzling interaction of aPLs with platelets as well as with their soluble protein ligand. These novel approaches may eventually enable better characterization of aPL, and also provide a better linkage to APS pathophysiology.
Clinical Application and Progress of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Liver Diseases: A Review
Authors: Gu Xinpei , Lu Qin , Zhang Chengcheng , Tang Zhewei , Chu Liuxi
Published: July 2021

The human gut harbors a dense and highly diverse microbiota of approximately 1,000 bacterial species. The interaction between the host and gut bacteria strongly influences human health. Numerous evidence suggest that intestinal flora imbalance is closely associated with the development and treatment of liver diseases, including acute liver injury and chronic liver diseases (cirrhosis, autoimmune liver disease, and fatty liver). Therefore, regulating the gut microbiota is expected to be a new method for the adjuvant treatment of liver diseases. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is defined as the transplantation of gut microbiota from healthy donors to sick patients via the upper or lower gastrointestinal route to restore the normal intestinal balance. In this study, we briefly review the current research on the gut microbiota and its link to liver diseases and then summarize the evidence to elucidate the clinical application and development of FMT in liver disease treatment.
5G-Rettungskette: Schnellere Hilfe durch digitale Vernetzung
Authors: Hintze Marcus , Wagner-Hanl Nicole , Klumpp Matthias
Published: July 2021

Im Notfall hängt das Überleben von einem guten Zusammenspiel aller beteiligten Akteure in der medizinischen Rettungskette ab. Das Forschungsprojekt Euriale hat deshalb das Ziel, den Kommunikationsaustausch von Ersthelfenden bis hin zum Klinikpersonal mit Hilfe digitaler Instrumente zu verbessern.
Integration Ausländischer Pflegefachkräfte: Zwei Dimensionen für eine erfolgreiche Inklusion
Authors: Maase Angelika
Published: July 2021

Wer im Klinikalltag effizient mit internationalen Pflegefachkräften zusammenarbeiten und diese ans Haus binden möchte, braucht ein nachhaltiges Integrationsprogramm. Das Universitätsklinikum Münster zeigt, wie etablierte und ausländische Pflegende in diesen Prozess einbezogen werden können.
Institutional and cultural determinants of speed of government responses during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chen Diqiang , Peng Diefeng , Rieger Marc Oliver , Wang Mei
Published: July 2021

This article examines institutional and cultural determinants of the speed of government responses during the COVID-19 pandemic. We define the speed as the marginal rate of stringency index change. Based on cross-country data, we find that collectivism is associated with higher speed of government response. We also find a moderating role of trust in government, i.e., the association of individualism-collectivism on speed is stronger in countries with higher levels of trust in government. We do not find significant predictive power of democracy, media freedom and power distance on the speed of government responses.
Morphology evolution of the light trapping structure using atmospheric plasma textured c-Si wafer for silicon solar cells
Authors: Zhang Peng , Wu Jie , Tian Hengxi , Dong Yuqing , Yu Deping
Published: July 2021

Applying atmospheric plasma etching to the surface texturing process of silicon solar cells is a promising strategy for the current photovoltaic manufacturing industry due to its low equipment cost and good fabrication flexibility. This paper investigates the morphology evolution of the silicon surface etched by an Ar/CF4/O2 plasma and the associated optical properties. Results show that the generation of the light trapping structure on the polished silicon surface can be divided into two stages on the basis of the multi-scale morphological images and the quantitative evaluation of roughness parameters. The initial roughening stage mainly involves the formation of high-frequency nanoroughness that can act as an effective medium layer with a gradual refractive index. The resulting optical medium effect can reduce the surface reflectance within a broad range of wavelengths. At the next texturing stage, the low-frequency and high-amplitude microroughness dominates the morphology of the etched silicon surface. It features inverted parabolic structures with a high aspect ratio, which can cause multiple reflections of the incident light. The optical medium effect resulting from the nanoroughness is also inherited. Thus, the anti-reflectance property of the etched silicon surface is greatly improved. This work demonstrates that the light trapping properties of silicon surface etched by atmospheric plasma jet are a synergy of the optical medium effect and geometrical optics. Insights into the morphology evolution and optical properties of the textured surfaces are important for developing a new surface texturing process of silicon solar cells.
Gryffin: An algorithm for Bayesian optimization of categorical variables informed by expert knowledge
Authors: Häse Florian , Aldeghi Matteo , Hickman Riley J. , Roch Loïc M. , Aspuru-Guzik Alán
Published: July 2021

Designing functional molecules and advanced materials requires complex design choices: tuning continuous process parameters such as temperatures or flow rates, while simultaneously selecting catalysts or solvents. To date, the development of data-driven experiment planning strategies for autonomous experimentation has largely focused on continuous process parameters, despite the urge to devise efficient strategies for the selection of categorical variables. Here, we introduce Gryffin, a general-purpose optimization framework for the autonomous selection of categorical variables driven by expert knowledge. Gryffin augments Bayesian optimization based on kernel density estimation with smooth approximations to categorical distributions. Leveraging domain knowledge in the form of physicochemical descriptors, Gryffin can significantly accelerate the search for promising molecules and materials. Gryffin can further highlight relevant correlations between the provided descriptors to inspire physical insights and foster scientific intuition. In addition to comprehensive benchmarks, we demonstrate the capabilities and performance of Gryffin on three examples in materials science and chemistry: (i) the discovery of non-fullerene acceptors for organic solar cells, (ii) the design of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites for light-harvesting, and (iii) the identification of ligands and process parameters for Suzuki–Miyaura reactions. Our results suggest that Gryffin, in its simplest form, is competitive with state-of-the-art categorical optimization algorithms. However, when leveraging domain knowledge provided via descriptors, Gryffin outperforms other approaches while simultaneously refining this domain knowledge to promote scientific understanding.
Misfit dislocation structure and thermal boundary conductance of GaN/AlN interfaces
Authors: Sun Jiaqi , Li Yang , Karaaslan Yenal , Sevik Cem , Chen Youping
Published: July 2021

The structure and thermal boundary conductance of the wurtzite GaN/AlN (0001) interface are investigated using molecular dynamics simulation. Simulation results with three different empirical interatomic potentials have produced similar misfit dislocation networks and dislocation core structures. Specifically, the misfit dislocation network at the GaN/AlN interface is found to consist of pure edge dislocations with a Burgers vector of 1/3⟨12¯10⟩ and the misfit dislocation core has an eight-atom ring structure. Although different interatomic potentials lead to different dislocation properties and thermal conductance values, all have demonstrated a significant effect of misfit dislocations on the thermal boundary conductance of the GaN/AlN (0001) interface.
Differences on the impact of water on the deep eutectic solvents betaine/urea and choline/urea
Authors: Abranches Dinis O. , Silva Liliana P. , Martins Mónia A. R. , Coutinho João A. P.
Published: July 2021

The differences on the impact of water on the intermolecular interactions present in the deep eutectic solvents betaine/urea and choline/urea are investigated in this work by measuring the solid–liquid phase diagrams of these mixtures with different amounts of added water. These data are analyzed in terms of ternary systems, rather than the usual pseudo-binary approach, and are used to calculate activity coefficients, which provide precious insight into how water affects the interactions of these systems. It is found that the addition of water greatly enhances the intermolecular interactions of betaine/urea near its eutectic composition, hinting at the formation of a 1:1:1 betaine/urea/water aggregate. On the other hand and contrary to what is commonly believed, water has an asymmetric impact on the interactions present in the choline/urea system. The addition of water to choline-rich mixtures leads to weaker interactions, whereas its addition to urea-rich mixtures leads to stronger interactions. This shows that the decrease in the melting temperature of choline/urea mixtures due to the presence of water does not necessarily mean that intermolecular interactions are strengthened. Finally, a minimum in the activity coefficient of urea in the choline/urea system with 2 wt. % of water was found, which coincides with several anomalies in the properties of this system previously reported in the literature.
Imaging the dipole scattering of an optically levitated dielectric nanoparticle
Authors: Jin Yuanbin , Yan Jiangwei , Rahman Shah Jee , Yu Xudong , Zhang Jing
Published: July 2021

We experimentally observe the dipole scattering of a nanoparticle using a high numerical aperture (NA) imaging system. The optically levitated nanoparticle provides an environment free of a particle–substrate interaction. We illuminate the silica nanoparticle in vacuum with a 532 nm laser beam orthogonally to the propagation direction of the 1064 nm trapping laser beam strongly focused by the same high NA objective used to collect the scattering, which results in a dark background and high signal-noise ratio. The dipole orientations of the nanoparticle induced by the linear polarization of the incident laser are studied by measuring the scattering light distribution in the image and the Fourier space (k-space) as we rotate the illuminating light polarization. The polarization vortex (vector beam) is observed for the special case, when the dipole orientation of the nanoparticle is aligned along the optical axis of the microscope objective. Our work offers an important platform for studying the scattering anisotropy with Kerker conditions.
Understanding the interaction between carboxylates and coinage metals from first principles
Authors: Liu Tongyu , Jiang De-en
Published: July 2021

Carboxylate groups have recently been explored as a new type of ligand to protect superatomic copper and silver nanoclusters, but little is known of the interfacial structure and bonding. Here, we employ density functional theory to investigate the interfaces of a model carboxylate group, CH3COO, on the coinage metal surfaces and clusters. We found that μ2-CH3COO is the most preferred binding mode on the three M(111) surfaces (M = Cu, Ag, and Au), while μ3-CH3COO is also stable on Cu(111) and Ag(111). The saturation coverage was found to be about seven CH3COO groups per nm2 for all surfaces. CH3COO has the strongest binding on Cu and weakest on Au. Moving from the flat surfaces to the icosahedral M13 clusters, we found that the eight-electron superatomic [M13(CH3COO)6]− nanoclusters also prefer the μ2-CH3COO mode on the surface. The icosahedral kernel in [Cu13(CH3COO)6]− and [Ag13(CH3COO)6]− was well maintained after geometry optimization, but a larger deformation was found in [Au13(CH3COO)6]−. Given the broad availability and variety of carboxylic acids including amino acids, our work suggests that carboxylate groups could be the next-generation ligands to further expand the universe of atomically precise metal clusters, especially for Cu and Ag.
Nonlinear measurements of kinetics and generalized dynamical modes. I. Extracting the one-dimensional Green’s function from a time series
Authors: Hodge Stuart R. , Berg Mark A.
Published: July 2021

Often, a single correlation function is used to measure the kinetics of a complex system. In contrast, a large set of k-vector modes and their correlation functions are commonly defined for motion in free space. This set can be transformed to the van Hove correlation function, which is the Green’s function for molecular diffusion. Here, these ideas are generalized to other observables. A set of correlation functions of nonlinear functions of an observable is used to extract the corresponding Green’s function. Although this paper focuses on nonlinear correlation functions of an equilibrium time series, the results are directly connected to other types of nonlinear kinetics, including perturbation–response experiments with strong fields. Generalized modes are defined as the orthogonal polynomials associated with the equilibrium distribution. A matrix of mode-correlation functions can be transformed to the complete, single-time-interval (1D) Green’s function. Diagonalizing this matrix finds the eigendecays. To understand the advantages and limitation of this approach, Green’s functions are calculated for a number of models of complex dynamics within a Gaussian probability distribution. Examples of non-diffusive motion, rate heterogeneity, and range heterogeneity are examined. General arguments are made that a full set of nonlinear 1D measurements is necessary to extract all the information available in a time series. However, when a process is neither dynamically Gaussian nor Markovian, they are not sufficient. In those cases, additional multidimensional measurements are needed.