bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
School bullying and its association with psychological wellbeing: findings of the Fujian Adolescent Mental Wellness Study (FAMWeS)
Authors: Jiang Jian , Luo Zhijie , Chen Yuhang , Alias Haridah , Wong Li Ping , Lin Yulan , Hu Zhijian
Published: December 2024

Background

School bullying is becoming a prevalent phenomenon in China, posing a growing threat to the psychological well-being of children and adolescents. This study aims to examine bullying victimization and bullying behavior using data from FAMWeS (the Fujian Adolescent Mental Wellness Study), and how they impact emotional state and psychological distress.

Method

The study conducted in entire Fujian Province, China, involved a cross-sectional questionnaire survey on adolescent students from secondary and high schools, employing multi-stage stratified cluster sampling methods from May to July 2023. Primary outcome measures were bullying victimization and bullying behavior. Emotional state was evaluated using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale for Youth (DASS-Y), and psychological distress was assessed using the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12).

Results

Analysis of 54,368 responses revealed that 19.3% of respondents reported being victims of bullying, 9.8% reported engaging in bullying behavior, and 8.1% reported experiencing both bullying victimization and engaging in bullying themselves. A minority were found to have depressive (19.1%), anxiety (22.0%), and stress (9.2%) symptoms. The presence of psychological distress was observed in 54.4% of the participants (GHQ score of 3-12). Significant associations were found between bullying victimization and the DASS-Y subscales of depression, anxiety, and stress. Odds ratios indicated a 1.75 times higher likelihood for depression (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.55-1.99), 2.24 times higher for anxiety (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.96-2.55), and 1.82 times higher for stress (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.73-1.91). Similarly, psychological distress measured by the GHQ was significantly associated with bullying victimization (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.73-1.91). Bullying behavior also showed significant associations with all DASS-Y subscales and psychological distress. Geographic disparities revealed varying rates across districts, while factors such as age, academic performance, and parental education emerged as significant influences on bullying victimization and behavior.

Conclusion

The findings underscore a concerning prevalence of bullying victimization and behavior, highlighting the critical need for comprehensive anti-bullying strategies that address both victimization and perpetration dynamics. There is also a clear need for interventions targeting socio-economic disparities across various geographic regions.
You can do it!–Using published undergraduate research onHydramouth opening to train undergraduates
Authors: Hackler S. , Goel T. , Pacis J. , Collins E.-M. S.
Published: December 2024

Biophysical research is both exciting and challenging. It is exciting because physical approaches to biology can provide novel insights, and it is challenging because it requires knowledge and skills from multiple disciplines. We have developed an undergraduate biophysical laboratory module that is accessible to both biology and physics majors, teaches fundamental skills such as time-lapse microscopy, image analysis, programming, critical reading of scientific literature, and basics of scientific writing and peer-review. This module uses published research on the biomechanics ofHydramouth opening as its framework because this work was co-first authored by an undergraduate student and featured in the public press, thus providing two anchors that make this research accessible and exciting to undergraduates. Students start with a critical reading and discussion of the publication. Then they execute some of the experiments and analysis from the paper, thereby learning fluorescence time-lapse microscopy and image analysis using ImageJ and/or MATLAB/Python, and compare their data to the literature. The module culminates in the students writing a short paper about their results following theMicropublicationjournal style, a blinded peer-review, and final paper submission. Here, we describe one possible implementation of this module with the necessary resources to reproduce it, and summarize student feedback from a pilot run. We also provide suggestions for more advanced exercises. Several students expressed that repeating a published study done by an undergraduate student inspired and motivated them, thus creating buy-in and assurance that they “can do it”, which we expect to help with confidence and retention.
Effects of the DailyColors™ Polyphenol Supplement on Serum Proteome, Cognitive Function, and Health in Older Adults at Risk of Cognitive and Functional Decline
Authors: O’Leary Mary , Bowtell Joanna L , Richards Megan , Bozbaş Esra , Palmer Abbie , Stych Kate , Meng Monica , Bloomfield Adam , Struszczak Lauren , Pritchard Jack , Lugtmeijer Celeste , Vere George , Yücel Raif , Mateos Ana Rodriguez , Zhang Zicheng , Tang Jonathan CY , Ballard Clive , Corbett Anne
Published: December 2024

The Mediterranean diet is associated with reduced mortality and cognitive decline, largely due to its polyphenol content. However, Western populations often do not meet recommended fruit and vegetable intakes. Polyphenols exert anti-inflammatory effects and may influence extracellular vesicle (EV) dynamics. DailyColors™ is a polyphenol-rich blend inspired by the Mediterranean Diet, containing extracts from 16 fruits, vegetables, and herbs. This 60-day, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial involved 150 UK adults aged 50+ with a BMI ≥ 25, recruited to complete cognitive and physical fitness assessments via the PROTECT-UK online platform. Participants received either a medium (750mg) or high (2000mg) dose of DailyColors™ (∼300mg and ∼750mg polyphenols, respectively) or a placebo. A sub-group (n=15 per group) underwent additional assessments, including blood pressure measurements, characterisation of circulating EVs and tandem-mass-tagged serum proteomics. Significant cognitive benefits were observed, with improvements in reaction time for the high-dose group and accuracy for both active supplement groups. The high-dose group also showed significant physical fitness gains on the Timed Stand Test (P<0.001). All groups improved on the Chair Stand Test. Proteomic analysis showed significantly reduced serum protein expression in immune and pre-β1-HDL pathways, suggesting anti-inflammatory effects. Pre-β1-HDL proteins are typically elevated in obesity; their reduction suggests a reversal of this obesity-related effect. No significant changes were noted in EV concentration or size. DailyColors™ supplementation, may enhance cognitive function, physical fitness, and systemic health in older, overweight adults, potentially mimicking the anti-inflammatory effects of the Mediterranean diet. These findings warrant investigation in larger trials.
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in South Asians: An Epidemiological and Anthropological Study in an Urban Populace of Eastern India
Authors: Yasmin Karishma
Published: December 2024

Background

This study examines cardiometabolic (CM) risk factors in an urban South Asian population, integrating medical and Anthropological perspectives to explore the effects of socio-economic, lifestyle, gender-specific factors, and cultural norms on health outcomes.

Results

Analysis indicates a high prevalence of MetS and Pre-MetS, particularly among females, with significant predictors including BMI, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and waist circumference, alongside socio-genetic and lifestyle factors. Employing Elastic Net logistic regression, the researcher rigorously validated models to evaluate their predictive performance while also describing the associations and prevalence of known risk factors. The use of this method underlines the importance of combining traditional risk factors with socio-genetic, biological, economic and lifestyle variables, while Anthropological insights reveal the impact of urbanization and socio-cultural norms on health behaviors.

Conclusion

The study advocates for a multidisciplinary approach in public health strategies, emphasizing the complex interplay between genetic, environmental, biological and socio-cultural influences on cardiometabolic health. This dual approach aligns with descriptive and predictive model goals. The future research should further integrate biomedical sciences with socio-cultural studies to develop culturally sensitive interventions, aiming to address the growing challenge of CM diseases in urban South Asian contexts.
Honestly exaggerated: howler monkey roars are reliable signals of body size and behaviourally relevant to listeners
Authors: Dunn Jacob C. , Pederson Eloise , Farmer Holly , Dobbs Philippa , Fitch W. Tecumseh , Reby David , Charlton Benjamin
Published: December 2024

Acoustic signals are key components of animal social behaviour, potentially conveying fitness relevant information about signallers. Howler monkeys produce extremely loud, low frequency roars, which exaggerate the acoustic impression of body size relative to other species. However, it remains unclear whether howler monkey roars contain reliable information about body size within species, and whether conspecific listeners use this information and adjust their responses accordingly. Here, we investigate whether the roars of black and gold howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) function as an honest signal of body size by examining the relationship between formant spacing and body mass in 11 adult males. We found a strong negative correlation, indicating that larger males produce roars with lower formant spacing. To test the behavioural relevance of variation in formant spacing, we then conducted playback experiments with 23 conspecific listeners, simulating the roars of unknown males of small, average, and large body size. Listeners showed significantly different responses to calls of different body sizes, spending longer orientated towards the playback speaker and being more likely to approach calls simulating larger males. There was no significant impact of simulated body size on the likelihood of listeners vocalising in response, although males spent significantly more time vocalising in response to playbacks than females. Overall, these findings suggest that formant spacing in howler monkey roars serves as an honest indicator of body size and plays a critical role in mediating social interactions. Our study highlights the adaptive significance of acoustic cues to body size, which can provide receivers with accurate information that can be used to assess rivals or choose mates.
Vγ1+γδ T cell-derived IL-4 initiates CD8 T cell immunity
Authors: Le Shirley , Murphy Declan , Liu Shangyi , Ge Zhengyu , May Rose , Cozijnsen Anton , Burn Thomas , Jennison Charlie , Bachem Annabell , Xu Calvin , Koay Hui-Fern , Schröder Jan , Gras Stephanie , Cockburn Ian A. , Bedoui Sammy , Mackay Laura K. , McFadden Geoffrey I , Fernandez-Ruiz Daniel , Heath William R , Beattie Lynette
Published: December 2024

Dendritic cells (DC) are pivotal for initiating adaptive immunity, a process triggered by the activation of DC via pathogen products or damage. Here, we describe an additional layer to this process, essential when pathogen-derived signals alone cannot directly achieve full DC activation. Immunisation with sporozoites fromPlasmodiumleads to CD8 T cell priming in a complex response that is initiated by a collaboration between conventional type 1 DC (cDC1) and γδ T cells. We unveil a pivotal initiating role for Vγ1+γδ T cells, as they directly supply IL-4 to DC and CD8 T cells. IL-4 synergises with a CD4 T cell-derived CD40L signal to induce IL-12 production by cDC1. Both IL-12 and IL-4 then directly signal CD8 T cells, with synergy between these cytokines driving enhanced IL-12 receptor expression and expansion of responding CD8 T cells. This study reveals a key role for Vγl+γδ T cells in initiating CD8 T cell immunity toPlasmodium. More broadly, it shows that responses to some pathogens require help from innate-like T cells to pass an initiation threshold and further amplify the response in a process underscored by IL-4 production.
Lifespan trajectory of chimpanzee brains characterized by magnetic resonance imaging histology
Authors: Lipp I. , Kirilina E. , Jäger C. , Morawski M. , Jauch A. , Pine K.J. , Edwards L.J. , Helbling S. , Rose D. , Helms G. , Eichner C. , Deschner T. , Gräßle T. ,   EBC Consortium, Gunz P. , Anwander A. , Friederici A.D. , Wittig R.M. , Crockford C. , Weiskopf N.
Published: December 2024

Chimpanzee brain maturation provides an invaluable framework for understanding the evolution of the human brain. We performed ultra-high resolution quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) with histological validation onpost mortembrains from captive and wild chimpanzees with a broad age range. We mapped developmental myelination and age-related iron accumulation across regions and layers of the neocortex. Compared to humans, chimpanzees showed more myelination and iron deposition in motor and premotor cortices, while the auditory cortex was more strongly myelinated in humans. Our model suggests that chimpanzees’ cortical myelination was largely completed by the age of nine years, while iron accumulation continued throughout the lifespan. The regions with highest adult levels of myelin and iron took the longest to mature, challenging the widespread assumption that highly myelinated regions complete their development first. The reported maps and developmental curves provide a foundation for comparative neuroscience research and understanding of human brain evolution.
Characterization of the Glutathione Redox State in the Golgi Apparatus
Authors: Miro-Vinyals Carla , Emmert Sarah , Grammbitter Gina , Jud Alex , Kockmann Tobias , Rivera-Fuentes Pablo
Published: December 2024

Redox homeostasis is crucial for cell function, and, in eukaryotic cells, studying it in a compartmentalized way is essential due to the redox variations between different organelles. The redox state of organelles is largely determined by the redox potential of glutathione, EGSH, and the concentration of its reduced and oxidized species, [GS]. The Golgi apparatus is an essential component of the secretory pathway, yet little is known about the concentration or redox state of GSH in this organelle. Here, we characterized the redox state of GSH in the Golgi apparatus using a combination of microscopy and proteomics methods. Our results prove that the Golgi apparatus is a highly oxidizing organelle with a strikingly low GSH concentration (EGSH = -157 mV, 1-5 mM). These results fill an important gap in our knowledge of redox homeostasis in subcellular organelles. Moreover, the new Golgi-targeted GSH sensors allow us to observe dynamic changes in the GSH redox state in the organelle and pave the way for robust characterization of the Golgi redox state under various physiological and pathological conditions.
Improved Efficiency of Two-Step Amplicon PCR Using an Acoustic Liquid Handler
Authors: Benz Brooke R. , Lopez Echartea Eglantina , Whitaker Briana K. , Baldwin Thomas , Geddes Barney A.
Published: December 2024

2.

The improvement in next-generation sequencing technologies has reduced the costs of sequencing significantly. However, library preparation costs for amplicon sequencing have remained largely unchanged – which is ultimately the cost-limiting step in processing large numbers of microbiome samples. Acoustic liquid handlers can transfer volumes as low as 2.5 nL and have been used to miniaturize several different molecular and cellular assays, including single-step polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicon library preparations. However, there are no current methods available for a two-step library preparation process using an acoustic liquid handler. In this study, we tested the efficiency of an acoustic liquid handler to automate the PCRs and library quantification while also incorporating automated library bead cleanup. We compared the material usage and costs for library preparation and sequencing results of this automated method to the standard, manual method. The automated protocol was able to reduce both PCR reaction volumes five-fold and increased efficiency for library preparation by ∼32% without affecting bacterial community compositions. The associated increase in efficiency of our automated method will allow for greater throughput in sequencing hundreds of microbiome samples without affecting the quality of those sequences.

3.

Impact statement

Library preparation for amplicon sequencing in microbiome studies remains a significant cost constraint, even while sequencing costs have decreased in the last few decades. Acoustic liquid handling robots have been utilized to miniaturize several different assays, including a one-step PCR library preparation process, to reduce costs. However, there are currently no methods available for utilizing acoustic liquid handlers for two-step PCR library preparation. Here, we show that the incorporation of an acoustic liquid handler and automated purification instruments into a two-step library preparation protocol led to a reduction in costs and time to prepare libraries. This method is comparable to the standard manual method and will lead to significant cost savings for the preparation of hundreds of samples required for microbiome studies.

4.

Data summary

All protocols, sequence data, and analysis codes have been made publicly available in open-access repositories. The authors confirm all supporting data, code, and protocols have been provided within the article or through supplementary data files.

Sequencing data was deposited in the NCBI SRA under the BioProject PRJNA1190462.

R scripts used for data analysis are available athttps://github.com/NDSU-Geddes-Lab/brb-libprepdoi: 10.5281/zenodo.14194699.

Protocols for automated library preparation have been published on protocols.io and are available at dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.e6nvwb5r2vmk/v2 and dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.e6nvwb5w2vmk/v2.
Spatiotemporal analysis of dystrophin expression during muscle repair
Authors: Hildyard John C.W. , Roskrow Liberty E. , Wells Dominic J. , Piercy Richard J.
Published: December 2024

Dystrophin mRNA is produced from a very large genetic locus and transcription of a single mRNA requires approximately 16 hours. This prolonged interval between transcriptional initiation and completion results in unusual transcriptional behaviour: in skeletal muscle, myonuclei express dystrophin continuously and robustly, yet degrade mature transcripts shortly after completion, such that most dystrophin mRNA is nascent, not mature. This implies dystrophin expression is principally controlled post-transcriptionally, a mechanism that circumvents transcriptional delay, allowing rapid responses to change in demand. Dystrophin protein is however highly stable, with slow turnover: in healthy muscle, despite constant production of dystrophin mRNA, demand is low and the need for responsive expression is minimal. We reasoned this system instead exists to control dystrophin expression during rare periods of elevated but changing demand, such as during muscle development or repair, when newly formed fibres must establish sarcolemmal dystrophin rapidly. By assessing dystrophin mRNA and protein expression in regenerating skeletal muscle following injury, we reveal a complex program that suggests control at multiple levels: nascent transcription begins even prior to myoblast fusion, effectively ‘paying in advance’ to minimise subsequent delay. During myotube differentiation and maturation, when sarcolemmal demands are high, initiation increases only modestly while mature transcript stability increases markedly to generate high numbers of mature dystrophin transcripts, a state that persists until repair is complete, when a state of oversupply and degradation resumes. Our data demonstrate that dystrophin mRNA is indeed chiefly controlled by turnover, not initiation: degradation consequently represents a potential therapeutic target for maximising efficacy of even modest dystrophin restoration.
Knockout of all nematode-specific NSPC genes expressed exclusively in the excretory gland cell results in transcriptomic signatures indicating an affected insulin signaling
Authors: Mackiewicz Zuzanna , Liudkovska Vladyslava , Dziembowski Andrzej
Published: December 2024

The nematodeCaenorhabditis elegansis one of the best-studied model organisms in molecular biology; however, many aspects of its physiology and the functions of many genes remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of nematode-specific NSPC proteins, whose mRNAs were recently identified as primary targets of the poly(A) polymerase TENT-5. Surprisingly, we found that NSPCs are exclusively expressed in the excretory gland cell, a cell with still unclear functionality. Using an optogenetic approach, we precisely ablated the excretory gland cell and observed that nematodes exhibited no transcriptomic or physiological changes in its absence. Additionally, we generated and thoroughly studied a strain with a deletion of all 18nspcgenes, which revealed that, despite previous indications, NSPCs do not influence the worm’s defense response. Instead, the transcriptomic analysis showed that the absence of NSPCs strongly impacts DAF-2/DAF-16 insulin signaling, suggesting that NSPCs may function as neuropeptides influencing keyC. eleganssignaling pathways. Although further studies are required to elucidate the physiological effects of this regulation, our findings provide new insights into this unexplored part of nematode physiology.
A One-Pot Biocatalytic Cascade to Access Diverse L-Phenylalanine Derivatives from Aldehydes or Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Anderson Shelby R. , Gopal Madan R. , Spangler Abigail P. , Jones Michaela A. , Wyllis D’Jana R. , Kunjapur Aditya M.
Published: December 2024

Non-standard amino acids (nsAAs) that are L-phenylalanine derivatives with aryl ring functionalization have long been harnessed in natural product synthesis, therapeutic peptide synthesis, and diverse applications of genetic code expansion. Yet, to date these chiral molecules have often been the products of poorly enantioselective and environmentally harsh organic synthesis routes. Here, we reveal the broad specificity of multiple natural pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes, specifically an L-threonine transaldolase, a phenylserine dehydratase, and an aminotransferase, towards substrates that contain aryl side chains with diverse substitutions. We exploit this tolerance to construct a one-pot biocatalytic cascade that achieves high-yield synthesis of 18 diverse L-phenylalanine derivatives from aldehydes under mild aqueous reaction conditions. We demonstrate addition of a carboxylic acid reductase module to this cascade to enable the biosynthesis of L-phenylalanine derivatives from carboxylic acids that may be less expensive or less reactive than the corresponding aldehydes. Finally, we investigate the scalability of the cascade by developing a lysate-based route for preparative-scale synthesis of 4-formyl-L-phenylalanine, a nsAA with a bio-orthogonal handle that is not readily market-accessible. Overall, this work offers an efficient, versatile, and scalable route with the potential to lower manufacturing cost and democratize synthesis for many valuable nsAAs.
Reduced expression of PER2 protein contrbutes to β1-AA induced cardiac autophagy rhythm disorder
Authors: Li Peng-Jia , Feng Jia-Yan , Guo Jiao , Xue Jin , Li Yang , Wen Shi-Yuan , Wang Xiao-Hui , Liu Hui-Rong , Wang Li
Published: December 2024

It has been confirmed that heart failure may be linked to fluctuations in autophagy rhythm of cardiomyocytes throughout the day. It is known that circadian rhythms depend on the regulation of core biological clock proteins, with PER2 playing a crucial role. Our previous research has confirmed the presence of β1-Adrenergic receptor autoantibodies (β1-AA) could induce inhibition of myocardial autophagy, leading to cell death and heart failure. However, it remains unclear whether β1-AA induces cardiac autophagy rhythm disorder by affecting PER2 expression. This study find that β1-AA disrupts the autophagy rhythm in cardiomyocytes, primarily indicates by the decreased expression of the autophagy marker protein LC3; β1-AA induces disruption of the rhythmic expression of PER2 protein in myocardial cells, mainly manifests by a decrease in PER2 protein expression; Metoprolol is employed to verify that the β1-adrenergic receptor contributes to the reduction of Per2 protein caused by β1-AA. Knocking down Per2 with lentivirus reduces the inhibition of LC3 expression caused by β1-AA, while overexpressing Per2 in cardiomyocytes using lentivirus significantly restores β1-AA-induced decline in LC3 expression. At the same time, mTORC1 activation is found to participate in β1-AA-induced autophagy inhibition of cardiomyocytes after pretreatment with the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin. Furthermore, it is confirmed that the decreased expression of PER2 protein caused by β1-AA disrupts the myocardial autophagy rhythm by promoting mTORC1 activation through lentiviruses that knock down or overexpress the Per2 gene. This study provides experimental basis for the precision treatment of cardiovascular diseases from the perspective of biological rhythm.
The Role and Regulation of Intramuscular Sex Hormones in Skeletal Muscle: A Systematic Review
Authors: Engman Viktor , Critchlow Annabel J , Laakkonen Eija K , Hansen Mette , Mason Shaun , Lamon Severine
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Serum concentrations of androgens and oestrogens, the main male and female sex hormones, respectively, naturally fluctuate across the lifespan. Sex hormones are mainly produced in the gonads, but evidence suggests that they can also be locally synthesised in skeletal muscle. However, little is known about the purpose of intramuscular sex hormones biosynthesis and their role in skeletal muscle. This systematic review aimed to investigate 1) how intramuscular sex hormone levels vary across the lifespan, 2) whether intramuscular sex hormones are associated with skeletal muscle mass and function, and 3) whether exercise affects intramuscular sex hormone levels. Methods: Four databases were searched, and studies were included if they contained measurements of intramuscular sex hormones from healthy males and females free from any hormonal treatment, from rodents, or from cultured muscle cells. Results: Fifteen studies were included. Intramuscular testosterone was reduced in elderly males compared to their younger counterparts, but comparison of intramuscular sex hormone levels between pre- and postmenopausal females yielded inconclusive findings. Intramuscular androgens were positively associated with muscle mass and strength in males. In females, conflicting findings were reported for both oestradiol and androgens, and measures of muscle mass and function. Chronic exercise decreased androgens and oestradiol in females, but increased androgens in males. Acute exercise did not change intramuscular hormone levels in humans but increased them in rodents and cells. Conclusion: Current evidence suggests that ageing and exercise differentially modulate intramuscular sex hormone levels, and their association with muscle mass and function, between males and females.
Mechanistic Insights into FNBP4-Mediated Regulation of non-diaphanous formin FMN1 in Actin Cytoskeleton Dynamics
Authors: Das Shubham , Das Saikat , Maity Amrita , Maiti Sankar
Published: December 2024

Formin1 (FMN1), a member of the non-diaphanous formin family, is essential for development and neuronal function. Unlike diaphanous-related formins, FMN1 is not subject to canonical autoinhibition through the DID and DAD domains, nor is it activated by Rho GTPase binding. Recent studies suggest that formins also play roles in the nucleus, influencing DNA damage response and transcriptional regulation. However, the mechanisms regulating nuclear formins particularly non-diaphanous ones like FMN1 remain poorly understood. Our previous research identified the interaction between FMN1 and FNBP4, prompting further investigation into its functional role in regulating actin dynamics. Results reveal that FNBP4 inhibits FMN1-mediated actin assembly in vitro. It is shown that FNBP4 prevents FMN1 from displacing the capping protein CapZ at the growing barbed end of actin filaments. Additionally, FNBP4 inhibits FMN1’s bundling activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Further analysis indicates that FNBP4 interacts with the FH1 domain and the interdomain connector between the FH1 and FH2 domains, creating spatial constraints on the FH2 domain. We propose that FNBP4 acts as a stationary inhibitor of FMN1. In addition, we identify a monopartite nuclear localization signal (NLS) in FNBP4, and subcellular localization studies show that FNBP4 colocalizes with FMN1. This study provides new insights into the regulatory role of FNBP4 in modulating FMN1-mediated actin dynamics, suggesting that FNBP4 may function as a nuclear inhibitor of actin polymerization and shedding light on regulatory mechanisms specific to non-diaphanous formins.
Working capital efficiency and capital structure decisions in Egypt: the effect of foreign currency exchange risk exposure under IAS 21
Authors: Mansour Karim
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This research aims to test the impact of working capital efficiency (WCE) on capital structure decisions (CSD) in Egypt and investigate the moderating role of foreign currency exchange risk exposure under IAS 21 in this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

This research relies on data obtained from the financial reports of a sample consisting of 65 listed firms on the Egyptian stock exchange from 2012 to 2022, where the data is processed using the generalized method of moments (GMM).

Findings

The results reveal that the Egyptian industrial firms with higher WCE rely more on total debt finance (TDF) and long-term debt finance (LODF) and depend less on short-term debt finance (SHODF). Furthermore, the results indicated that foreign currency exchange gains (EXCG) strengthen the positive effect of high WCE on TDF and LODF. Conversely, foreign currency exchange losses (EXCL) weaken this positive effect. Furthermore, EXCL weakens the negative effect of WCE on SHODF. Moreover, the additional analysis yielded evidence regarding the influence of WCE’s components on CSD.

Research limitations/implications

This research has some limitations. First, the relatively small sample size. Second, foreign currency exchange gains or losses under IAS 21 may not fully capture all aspects of currency risk exposure.

Practical implications

This research provides valuable insights for firms operating in emerging markets which face unique challenges related to financing, liquidity and foreign currency exposure. Also, it contributes to the development of more efficient and sustainable financial markets in emerging economies. Furthermore, it offers insights for policymakers and regulators in emerging markets regarding the implications of IFRS adoption, specifically IAS 21.

Originality/value

This research contributes to the limited existing literature that has explored the influence of WCE on CSD in developed economies. Additionally, it expands the body of knowledge concerning CSD in emerging markets, as the investigation of the relationship between WCE and CSD remains an under-researched area. Moreover, this research empirically analyzes the moderating impact of foreign currency exchange risk exposure under IAS 21 on the relationship between WCE and CSD, which has not been previously examined.
Towards a framework of menu research: insights from the multiple level perspective and signaling theory
Authors: Nie Xiangzhen , Zhao Weibing Max , Guan Jieqi
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study conducts a systematic review of research on restaurant menus and uses a detailed analytical framework to examine how these menus are developed. It incorporates insights from the multi-level perspective (MLP) and signaling theory (ST) to provide a thorough and nuanced analysis of the factors that influence menu design.

Design/methodology/approach

This study scrutinizes 120 peer-reviewed articles published from 2004 to 2023 at A or A* journals, as classified by the Australian Business Deans Council (ABDC). Following a comprehensive analytical framework, it endeavors to delve into the intricate complexities of menu research, giving particular emphasis to the latest trends and developments. Two tools, namely CiteSpace and VOSviewer, were utilized to perform a thorough bibliometric analysis of the publications.

Findings

This study explores menu design from macro, meso and micro perspectives, illustrating that menus are more than simple lists of food items. Instead, they are shaped by societal norms, values, market dynamics, industry standards and consumer preferences. It underscores the vital role of menu as a communication and management tool in engaging consumers and influencing their dining choices and decisions.

Originality/value

This study represents the pioneering effort to incorporate the MLP and ST into the realm of menu research, providing a novel approach to the systematic review of related literature. It offers a distinctive macro-level theoretical perspective on menu dynamics, providing insights that are relevant to industry professionals, policymakers, academics and the public.
A binary-tree subdivision method for evaluation of singular integrals with discontinuous kernel in 3D BEM
Authors: Ju Chuanming , Chen Jiehao , Li Ning , Du Xianfeng
Published: December 2024

Purpose

A binary-tree subdivision method (BTSM) for numerical evaluation of weakly singular integrals with discontinuous kernel in the three-dimensional (3D) boundary element method (BEM) is presented in this paper.

Design/methodology/approach

In this method, the singular boundary element is split into two sub-elements and subdivided recursively until the termination criterion is met and the subdivision is stopped. Then, the source point is surrounded by one or more spherical cavities determined by the discontinuous kernel function. The sub-elements located in spherical cavities will be eliminated, and the regular triangular or rectangle elements are employed to fill the spherical cavities.

Findings

With the proposed method, the obtained sub-elements are automatically refined as they approach the source point, and they are “good” in shape and size for standard Gaussian quadrature. Thus, the proposed method can be used to evaluate singular integrals owing discontinuous kernel function accurately for cases of different element shapes and various source point locations.

Originality/value

Numerical examples show that the BTSM is suitable for planar and curved elements of arbitrary regular or irregular shape at various source point locations, and the results have much better accuracy and robustness than conventional subdivision method (CSM) when the kernel function is discontinuous.
Mapping the landscape in HEIs: a systematic review of factors influencing EdTech adoption
Authors: Ravi Hariharan , Radhakrishna Vedapradha
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The primary objective of this study was to aggregate and synthesize existing research findings in the realm of educational financing considering the adoption of educational technology (EdTech).

Design/methodology/approach

The study involves the application of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Model, considering the journal articles from the last 10 years (2013 through 2023) obtained from the EBSCO and Emerald Insight databases to perform a systematic literature review.

Findings

EdTech has given institutions new sources of income. The demand for online courses, credentials and other digital learning tools is rising, opening up new revenue potential for schools. Take-now-pay-post-placement is a new business model for the upskilling sector that enables learners to enroll in pertinent upskilling courses and pay back once they are placed (at a higher salary).

Originality/value

The development of technology has significantly lowered the overall educational cost, democratized access to education and empowered people to take charge of their education regardless of their location or socioeconomic status. With technology acting as a potent instrument to facilitate learning and close access barriers to education, this trend is expected to continue.
Magnetic macro drivers of labor efficiency: a study of high and low trade open economies
Authors: Suleman Shahida , Bibi Safia , Azam Muhammad , Thas Thaker Hassanudin Mohd , Cheong Calvin W.H.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This research aims to systematically compare the impact of macro drivers on labor efficiency (LEFF) in high and low trade openness economies, employing the Solow model as the theoretical framework.

Design/methodology/approach

This study examines the influence of macro drivers on LEFF from 1995 to 2020, employing advanced panel regression methods such as stepwise regression (SR), fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and panel OLS. It utilizes Pedroni and Johansen co-integration tests to assess long-term dynamics and Granger causality tests to explore causal relationships between macro drivers and LEFF.

Findings

The results reveal both long-term and short-term relationships between LEFF and the macro drivers: gross capital formation (GCF), per capita income (PCI), foreign direct investment (FDI), trade openness (TOP) and gross national savings (GNS). The findings show that these macro drivers positively and significantly influence LEFF in both high and low TOP economies. Specifically, FDI, PCI and GNS have a more substantial positive impact on LEFF in low TOP economies, while GCF and TOP have a greater influence in high TOP economies. Furthermore, in high TOP economies, FDI, TOP and PCI exhibit a unidirectional relationship with LEFF, while GNS and GCF show a bidirectional relationship. In low TOP economies, all five macrodrivers exhibit bidirectional relationships with LEFF.

Research limitations/implications

This research focuses on countries with high and low TOP, limiting the generalizability of its findings to other economic systems due to the unique trade, institutional and governance frameworks of these two distinct groups.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to compare the impact of theoretical macro drivers on LEFF across groups of countries differentiated by their degrees of TOP (high and low).
Real‐World Study of EGFR‐TKI Rechallenge With Another TKI After First‐Line Osimertinib Discontinuation in Patients With EGFR‐Mutated Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Subset Analysis of the Reiwa Study
Authors: Sonehara Kei , Tateishi Kazunari , Yoh Kiyotaka , Usui Kazuhiro , Hosomi Yukio , Kishi Kazuma , Naka Go , Watanabe Kageaki , Tamano Shu , Uemura Kohei , Kunitoh Hideo
Published: December 2024

Introduction

First‐line osimertinib is widely used to treat patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐mutated non‐small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). In clinical practice, rechallenge therapy with another EGFR‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) is often performed after first‐line TKI discontinuation owing to resistance or toxicity; however, the efficacy and toxicity of EGFR‐TKI rechallenge after first‐line osimertinib have not been adequately investigated. This study aimed to examine the efficacy and safety of EGFR‐TKI rechallenge with another TKI.

Methods

This multicenter prospective observational study enrolled patients with EGFR‐mutated NSCLC who received first‐line osimertinib and another EGFR‐TKI as second‐ or third‐line treatment between September 2018 and August 2020.

Results

Fifty‐three patients received rechallenge with another EGFR‐TKI in the second‐line (n = 38, 71.7%) or third‐line (n = 15, 28.3%) setting. The primary reason for first‐line osimertinib discontinuation was toxicity in 32 (60.4%, 17 patients with pneumonitis) and disease progression in 20 (37.7%) patients. The most common rechallenge EGFR‐TKI was afatinib (n = 24, 45.3%), followed by gefitinib (n = 16, 30.2%) and erlotinib (n = 8, 15.1%). The real‐world time to treatment failure (rwTTF) was 7.3 months. The rwTTF for the toxicity discontinuation and progressive disease discontinuation groups was 9.3 months and 5.1 months, respectively, (HR 1.61, p = 0.119). EGFR‐TKI rechallenge was discontinued due to toxicity in nine patients (17.0%), but no patient developed pneumonitis.

Conclusion

EGFR‐TKI rechallenge with another TKI is well tolerated in patients with EGFR‐mutated NSCLC. Thus, it may be a useful treatment option after first‐line osimertinib failure, especially after osimertinib discontinuation due to toxicity.
Polyploid superficial uroepithelial bladder barrier cells express features of cellular senescence across the lifespan and are insensitive to senolytics
Authors: Al‐Naggar Iman M. , Antony Maria , Baker Dylan , Wang Lichao , Godoy Lucas Da Cunha , Kuo Chia‐Ling , Fraser Matthew O. , Smith Phillip P. , Xu Ming , Kuchel George A.
Published: December 2024

Lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) increases with aging. Ensuing symptoms including incontinence greatly impact quality of life, isolation, depression, and nursing home admission. The aging bladder is hypothesized to be central to this decline, however, it remains difficult to pinpoint a singular strong driver of aging‐related bladder dysfunction. Many molecular and cellular changes occur with aging, contributing to decreased resilience to internal and external stressors, affecting urinary control and exacerbating LUTD. In this study, we examined whether cellular senescence, a cell fate involved in the etiology of most aging diseases, contributes to LUTD. We found that umbrella cells (UCs), luminal barrier uroepithelial cells in the bladder, show senescence features over the mouse lifespan. These polyploid UCs exhibit high cyclin D1 staining, previously reported to mediate tetraploidy‐induced senescence in vitro. These senescent UCs were not eliminated by the senolytic combination of Dasatinib and Quercetin. We also tested the effect of a high‐fat diet (HFD) and senescent cell transplantation on bladder function and showed that both models induce cystometric changes similar to natural aging in mice, with no effect of senolytics on HFD‐induced changes. These findings illustrate the heterogeneity of cellular senescence in varied tissues, while also providing potential insights into the origin of urothelial cancer. We conclude that senescence of bladder uroepithelial cells plays a role in normal physiology, namely in their role as barrier cells, helping promote uroepithelial integrity and impermeability and maintaining the urine‐blood barrier.
Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Early Repolarization in Athletes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Elenizi Khaled
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Early repolarization (ER) is an electrocardiographic pattern characterized by J‐point and ST‐segment elevation, frequently observed in athletes. Initially deemed benign, recent studies suggest a possible association between ER and increased risks of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death, necessitating a thorough examination of its clinical implications in athletes.

Methods

A comprehensive literature review was conducted using MEDLINE (via PubMed) and EMBASE databases, focusing on articles related to ER in athletes. Search terms included “early repolarization,” and relevant studies were selected based on their focus on athletic populations. A total of 22 articles were included for detailed analysis.

Results

The review encompassed 22 studies with a combined total of 44,326 athletes, revealing an overall mean ER prevalence of 31.6 ± 17.6 (p < 0.001). Most common location in the inferolateral region at 32.28%. The prevalence varied significantly across studies, ranging from 7% to 89%, influenced by factors such as age, gender distribution, and athletic discipline. Male athletes exhibited a higher incidence of ER compared with females, and endurance athletes showed a greater prevalence than strength athletes.

Conclusion

ER is notably prevalent among athletes, especially males and those engaged in endurance sports. Current studies do not establish a direct association between ER and increased mortality in athletes. Further research is essential to refine risk stratification criteria and develop appropriate management strategies to ensure athlete safety while maintaining optimal performance levels.
The value of age of onset and family history as predictors of molecular diagnosis in a Swedish cohort of inherited retinal disease
Authors: De Geer Karl , Löfgren Stefan , Lindstrand Anna , Kvarnung Malin , Björck Erik
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to characterize clinical and genetic findings in a Swedish cohort with inherited retinal disease (IRD), identify predictors for achieving a molecular diagnosis and evaluate the effects of increased genetic testing over time.

Methods

Clinical and genetic data from 324 nonrelated IRD index individuals referred for genetic testing in the Stockholm region between 2016 and 2023 were collected retrospectively and analysed by clinical subtype, age of onset and testing period (2016–2020 vs. 2021–2023). Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios for age of onset and family history on the likelihood of achieving a molecular diagnosis.

Results

The diagnostic yield was 55% and involved 56 genes. In 10% of solved individuals, the molecular diagnosis refined the clinical diagnosis. For each 1‐year increase in age of onset, the odds of achieving a molecular diagnosis decreased by 3% (odds ratio 0.97, 95% confidence interval 0.96–0.98). A positive family history doubled the odds (odds ratio 2.1, 95% confidence interval 1.3–3.4). The use of genetic testing increased 2.1‐fold and the number of molecular diagnoses increased 1.6‐fold relative to the population of the Stockholm region between the two testing periods.

Conclusion

This study adds to the knowledge of the clinical and genetic landscape of IRDs in Sweden and establishes age of onset and family history as significant predictors for achieving a molecular diagnosis. Increased genetic testing on a population level substantially increased the number of individuals receiving a molecular diagnosis with a high diagnostic yield compared to other rare diseases.
Investigating dynamics in attentive and inattentive responding together with their contextual correlates using a novel mixture IRT model for intensive longitudinal data
Authors: Vogelsmeier Leonie V. D. E. , Uglanova Irina , Rein Manuel T. , Ulitzsch Esther
Published: December 2024

In ecological momentary assessment (EMA), respondents answer brief questionnaires about their current behaviours or experiences several times per day across multiple days. The frequent measurement enables a thorough grasp of the dynamics inherent in psychological constructs, but it also increases respondent burden. To lower this burden, respondents may engage in careless and insufficient effort responding (C/IER), leaving data contaminated with responses that do not reflect what researchers want to measure. We introduce a novel approach to investigating C/IER in EMA data. Our approach combines a confirmatory mixture item response theory model separating C/IER from attentive behaviour with latent Markov factor analysis. This enables gauging the occurrence of C/IER and studying transitions among states of different response behaviours including their contextual correlates. The approach can be implemented using R packages. An empirical application showcases the approach's efficacy in pinpointing C/IER instances and gaining insights into their underlying causes. We showcase that the approach identifies various C/IER response patterns but requires heterogeneous and negatively worded items to detect straightlining. In a simulation investigating robustness against unaccounted for changes in measurement models underlying attentive responses, the approach proved robust against heterogeneity in loading patterns but not against heterogeneity in factor structures. Extensions to accommodate the latter are discussed.