bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Study of Short-Term Plastic Visual Perceptual Training Based on Virtual and Augmented Reality Technology in Amblyopia
Authors: Tan Fan , Yang Xubo , Fan Yuchen , Liao Yongchuan
Published: September 2022

Backgrounds. The treatment for amblyopia can have a substantial impact on quality of life. Conventional treatments for amblyopia have some limitations, then we try to explore a new and effective method to treat amblyopia. This study aimed to determine the potential effect of short-term plastic visual perceptual training based on VR and AR platforms in amblyopic patients. Methods. All observers were blinded to patient groupings. A total of 145 amblyopic children were randomly assigned into 2 groups: VR group (71 patients) and AR group (74 patients). In the VR group, each subject underwent a 20-min short-term plastic visual perceptual training based on a VR platform, and in the AR group, based on an AR platform. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), fine stereopsis, and contrast sensitivity function (CSF) were measured before and after training. Results. The BCVA (P < 0.001) and fine stereopsis (P < 0.05) were improved significantly both in VR and AR group after training. Moreover, in the AR group, the CSF showed the value of all spatial frequencies had a statistically signiﬁcant improvement after training (P < 0.05), while in the VR group, only the value of spatial frequency 12 improved significantly (P = 0.008). Conclusions. This study showed that the short-term plastic visual perceptual training based on VR and AR technology can improve BCVA, fine stereopsis and CSF of refractive amblyopia. It was suggested that the visual perceptual training based on the VR and AR platforms may be potentially applied in treatment for amblyopia and provided a high-immersing alternative.
A Study on the Association between Korotkoff Sound Signaling and Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) Based on Computer-Assisted Diagnoses
Authors: Zhang Huanyu , Wang Ruwei , Zhou Hong , Xia Shudong , Jia Sixiang , Wu Yiteng
Published: September 2022

Background. Korotkoff sound (KS) is an important indicator of hypertension when monitoring blood pressure. However, its utility in noninvasive diagnosis of Chronic heart failure (CHF) has rarely been studied. Purpose. In this study, we proposed a method for signal denoising, segmentation, and feature extraction for KS, and a Bayesian optimization-based support vector machine algorithm for KS classification. Methods. The acquired KS signal was resampled and denoised to extract 19 energy features, 12 statistical features, 2 entropy features, and 13 Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficient (MFCCs) features. A controlled trial based on the VALSAVA maneuver was carried out to investigate the relationship between cardiac function and KS. To classify these feature sets, the K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), decision tree (DT), Naive Bayes (NB), ensemble (EM) classifiers, and the proposed BO-SVM were employed and evaluated using the accuracy (Acc), sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), Precision (Ps), and F1 score (F1). Results. The ALSAVA maneuver indicated that the KS signal could play an important role in the diagnosis of CHF. Through comparative experiments, it was shown that the best performance of the classifier was obtained by BO-SVM, with Acc (85.0%), Se (85.3%), and Sp (84.6%). Conclusions. In this study, a method for noise reduction, segmentation, and classification of KS was established. In the measured data set, our method performed well in terms of classification accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. In light of this, we believed that the methods described in this paper can be applied to the early, noninvasive detection of heart disease as well as a supplementary monitoring technique for the prognosis of patients with CHF.
The Amelioration of Detrimental Biochemical Anomalies by Supplementing B, C, and E Vitamins in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus May Reduce the Rate of Development of Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Pramanik Subhasish , Banerjee Kaustav , Mondal Lakshmi Kanta
Published: September 2022

Excessive intracellular glucose in insulin-independent tissues including nerve, nephron, lens, and retina invites mishandling of metabolism of glucose resulting in a background of increased oxidative stress, advanced glycation end products (AGE) formation, lipid peroxidation, and failure of antioxidant defense systems in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). All these detrimental biochemical anomalies ultimately attack biological membranes and especially capillary beds of the retina, resulting in the breakdown of the inner blood-retinal barrier and the initiation of diabetic retinopathy (DR). If these disarrays are corrected to a large extent, the development of DR can be avoided or delayed. In this prospective clinical trial, 185 patients with T2DM who received B vitamins, vitamin C, and vitamin E along with antidiabetic medication for five years demonstrated a slower rate of the development of DR and reduced abnormal biochemical mediators like reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), AGE, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) compared to 175 T2DM individuals who were treated with only antihyperglycemic drugs.
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Human Intestinal Helminths Parasitic Infections in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liyih Minichil , Damtie Destaw , Tegen Dires
Published: September 2022

Background. Intestinal helminth infections are still public health problems in tropical and subtropical countries including Ethiopia. This review and meta-analysis aimed to produce the pooled prevalence and associated risk factors of human intestinal helminth parasitic infections (HIHPIs) in Ethiopia. Methods. Articles written in English were searched from online databases. Sixty-seven studies were included. Meta-analysis was computed using STATA version 14. Result. The pooled prevalence of HIHPIs was (33.35%, 95% CI: 28.85%, 37.86%). Ascaris lumbricoides (10.84%, 95% CI: 9.34, 12.34), hookworm spp. (8.89%, 95% CI: 7.75, 10.04), Schistosoma mansoni (4.22%, 95% CI: 3.64, 4.81), Trichuris trichiura (2.51%, 95% CI: 2.17, 2.86), Hymenolepis nana (2.29%, 95% CI: 1.96, 2.63), Taenia species (1.01%, 95% CI: 0.80, 1.22), Strongyloides stercoralis (1.17%, 95% CI: 0.92, 1.41), and Enterobius vermicularis(0.71%, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.90) were recorded. Handwashing before food (OR: 5.22,95% CI: 3.49, 6.94), handwashing after toilet (OR: 3.03, 95%; CI: 1.01, 5.05), age (OR: 1.66, 95% CL. 1.09, 2.23), open defecation (OR: 2.42, 95% CI: 1.60, 3.24), eating raw and unwashed vegetables/fruits (OR: 1.98, 95%; CI: 1.30, 2.66), maternal education (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 0.91, 2.72), family income (OR: 2.00, 95% CI: 0.87, 3.31), source of drinking water (OR: 3.12, 95% CI: 1.96, 4.27), swimming/contact with river water (OR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.11, 2.69), barefoot (OR: 3.28, 95% CI: 1.67, 4.88), playing with soil (OR: 2.64, 95% CI: 1.40, 3.88), and family size (OR: 3.75, 95% CI: 2.03, 5.46) were factors associated with HIHPIs in Ethiopia. High heterogeneity of the prevalence of HIHPIs was observed among the studies within and among regions (I2 > 99.6% and

P
≤
0.001

). Conclusion. HIHPIs in Ethiopia were significantly high. Therefore, special attention should be given by all stakeholders to minimize HIHPIs in Ethiopia.
Antibody Avidity and Neutralizing Response against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant after Infection or Vaccination
Authors: Dapporto Francesca , Marchi Serena , Leonardi Margherita , Piu Pietro , Lovreglio Piero , Decaro Nicola , Buonvino Nicola , Stufano Angela , Lorusso Eleonora , Bombardieri Emilio , Ruello Antonella , Viviani Simonetta , Molesti Eleonora , Trombetta Claudia Maria , Manenti Alessandro , Montomoli Emanuele
Published: September 2022

Background. The recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant exhibits several mutations on the spike protein, enabling it to escape the immunity elicited by natural infection or vaccines. Avidity is the strength of binding between an antibody and its specific epitope. The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binds to its cellular receptor with high affinity and is the primary target of neutralizing antibodies. Therefore, protective antibodies should show high avidity. This study aimed at investigating the avidity of receptor-binding domain (RBD) binding antibodies and their neutralizing activity against the Omicron variant in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients and vaccinees. Methods. Samples were collected from 42 SARS-CoV-2 infected patients during the first pandemic wave, 50 subjects who received 2 doses of mRNA vaccine before the Omicron wave, 44 subjects who received 3 doses of mRNA vaccine, and 35 subjects who received heterologous vaccination (2 doses of adenovirus-based vaccine plus mRNA vaccine) during the Omicron wave. Samples were tested for the avidity of RBD-binding IgG and neutralizing antibodies against the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 virus and the Omicron variant. Results. In patients, RBD-binding IgG titers against the wild-type virus increased with time, but remained low. High neutralizing titers against the wild-type virus were not matched by high avidity or neutralizing activity against the Omicron variant. Vaccinees showed higher avidity than patients. Two vaccine doses elicited the production of neutralizing antibodies, but low avidity for the wild-type virus; antibody levels against the Omicron variant were even lower. Conversely, 3 doses of vaccine elicited high avidity and high neutralizing antibodies against both the wild-type virus and the Omicron variant. Conclusions. Repeated vaccination increases antibody avidity against the spike protein of the Omicron variant, suggesting that antibodies with high avidity and high neutralizing potential increase cross-protection against variants that carry several mutations on the RBD.
The Predictive Value of Computed Tomography Findings for Poor Visual Outcome in Traumatic Eye Injury
Authors: Ren Ping , Jiao Yan , Zhang Chunling , Chen Guoyue
Published: September 2022

Background. The prognosis of visual outcome is important for patients and healthcare providers and guides proper decision-making in traumatic eye injury. In this study, we have evaluated the predictive value of computed tomography (CT) scan findings for poor visual outcomes in patients with traumatic eye injuries. Methods. In a retrospective survey, documents of 200 patients with traumatic eye injury who underwent a diagnostic orbital CT scan were reviewed. Disorganized or collapsed globe, intraocular foreign body or gas, increased or decreased anterior chamber size, hemorrhage in the anterior or posterior chamber, crystalline or intraocular lens dislocation, posterior sclera thickening, globe borders haziness, orbital fracture, orbital hemorrhage, and foreign body, optic canal, and optic nerve injuries are the diagnostic clues for eye injury in CT scan. The predictive value of CT scan findings for poor visual outcome was calculated by sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, predictive values, hazard ratios, and binary logistic regression model. Results. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive predictive values showed to be high. However, there was a low negative predictive value of CT findings for the prediction of poor vision. Among the investigated factors, disorganized/collapsed globe (HR 47.72, CI 6.13–371.62), increased/decreased anterior chamber size (HR 5.04, CI 2.57–9.88), hemorrhage in anterior/posterior chamber (HR 3.58, CI 1.900–6.774/3.62, CI 1.90–6.89), globe borders haziness (HR 3.06, CI 1.33–7.01), orbital foreign body (HR 3.66, CI 1.11–12.05), and optic canal/nerve injury (HR 21.62, CI 4.73–98.78) reached the statistical significance for increasing the hazard ratio for poor visual outcome in patients with a traumatic eye injury. Logistic regression analysis showed only evidence for disorganized/collapsed globe and optic canal/nerve injury in orbital CT scan as independent predictive factors for poor visual outcome. Conclusion. CT scan findings can be used as prognostic factors for visual outcomes in patients with a traumatic eye injury.
Design and Application of Automatic Control System for Fully Mechanized Mining Face in Coal Mine
Authors: Yuan Zhi , Chi Huanlei , Cao Yan
Published: September 2022

In order to improve the automatic control effect of fully mechanized mining face in coal mine, this paper combines the literature research method to analyze the disadvantages of traditional research and combines the demand analysis to analyze the structure of the automatic control system of fully mechanized mining face in coal mine. Moreover, this paper uses an improved algorithm to improve the system performance, uses the analytical approximation method to calculate and eliminate the loading phase of the fourth-order input and output equal-length cavity filter and the fourth-order input and output unequal-length cavity filter, and obtain the correct coupling matrix. In addition, this paper uses the genetic algorithm to calculate and eliminate the loading phase of the sixth-order input-output equal-length cavity filter and the sixth-order input-output unequal-length cavity filter. In addition, after the system is constructed, the performance analysis of the system can be known through experimental research. The research results show that the automatic control system of fully mechanized mining face in coal mine proposed in this paper has a good intelligent control effect.
Multiobjective Parallel Algorithms for Solving Biobjective Open Shop Scheduling Problem
Authors: Shams Lahroudi Seyed Hassan , Mahalleh Farzaneh , Mirkamali Seyedsaeid
Published: September 2022

Open Shop Scheduling Problem (OSSP) is one of the most important scheduling problems in the field of engineering and industry. This kind of problem includes m machines and n jobs, each job contains a certain number of operations, and each operation has a predetermined processing time on its corresponding machine. The order of processing of these operations affects the completion times of all jobs. Therefore, the purpose of OSSP is to achieve a proper order of processing of jobs using specified machines, so that the completion time of all jobs is minimized. In this paper, the strengths and limitations of three methods are evaluated by comparing the results of solving the OSSP in large‐scale and small‐scale benchmarks. In this case, the minimized completion time and total tardiness are considered the objective functions of the adapted methods. To solve small‐scale problems, we adapt a mathematical model called Multiobjective Mixed Linear Programming (MOMILP). To solve large‐scale problems, two metaheuristic algorithms including Multiobjective Parallel Genetic Algorithm (MOPGA) and Multiobjective Parallel Simulated Annealing (MOPSA) are adapted. In experimental results, we randomly generated small‐scale problems to compare MOMILP with the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Simulate Annealing (SA). To compare MOPSA and MOPGA with the state of the art and show their strengths and limitations, we use a standard large‐scale benchmark. The simulation results of the proposed algorithms show that although the MOPSA algorithm is faster, the MOPGA algorithm is more efficient in achieving optimal solutions for large‐scale problems compared with other methods.
Research on Security Model Design Based on Computational Network and Natural Language Processing
Authors: Yang Junpu
Published: September 2022

Human logical thinking exists in the form of language, and most of the knowledge is also recorded and transmitted in the form of language. It is also an important and even core part of artificial intelligence. Communicating with computers in natural language is a long-standing pursuit of people. People can use the computer in the language they are most accustomed to and can also use it to learn more about human language abilities and intelligent mechanisms. The realization of natural language communication between humans and computers means that computers can not only understand the meaning of natural language texts but also express the intentions and thoughts given in natural language texts. This paper designs and studies a computational model for natural language processing (NLP) models for natural language processing. This paper aims to study the design of computing network security model based on natural language processing. This paper proposes three calculation models, which are based on the long-term and short-term memory neural network model (LSTM), FastText model, and text processing model (GCN) based on graph convolution neural network. Several natural language processing models are evaluated and analyzed using four indexes: accuracy, recall, exactness, and F1 vaule. Results show that the performance level of the GCN model is the best. The accuracy of the NLP recognition of this model reaches 86.66%, which is 2.93% and 1.55% higher than the accuracy of the LSTM model and the FastText model, respectively.
Efficacy and Tolerability of Two Different Low-Volume Split-Dose Polyethylene Glycol Electrolytes Solution Bowel Preparation for Morning Colonoscopy
Authors: Tian Hefeng , Li Hui , Zhu Xuanrui , Liu Wenlong , Fan Ying , Shi Lei , Wang Xiu
Published: September 2022

Object. The study compared the efficacy and tolerability of two different low-volume split-dose polyethylene glycol electrolytes solution (PEG-ELS) bowel preparation for morning colonoscopy. Methods. A total of 120 patients were randomized to receive either the control group (n = 64) or the experimental group (n = 65). Patients in the control group adopted the low-volume split-dose regimen one, and patients in the experimental group adopted the low-volume split-dose regimen two. Those randomized to regimen one were instructed to take 0.75 L PEG two hours after dinner the day before the colonoscopy and 1.5 L PEG 4 hours before the colonoscopy. Patients assigned to regimen two were invited to consume 1.5 L PEG two hours after dinner the day before the colonoscopy and 0.75 L PEG 4 hours before the colonoscopy. The quality of bowel preparation, rated according to a Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS), represented the primary outcome measure. Tolerability, satisfaction, and lesions detection rated were secondary outcomes. Results. There was no significant difference between the transverse colon and right colon scores between the two groups (

P
>
0.05

). The low-volume split-dose regimen two showed a higher success rate for cleansing of the right colon and overall colon (

P
<
0.05

). For the comparison of the patients’ bowel tolerance, there were no statistical differences between the two groups regarding thirst, abdominal pain or abdominal discomfort, abdominal distension, dizziness or headache, anal discomfort, and sleep disturbance (

P
>
0.05

). However, regimen two had significantly less nausea, vomiting, and fatigue than regimen one (24.62% vs. 42.19%,

P
=
0.034

; 10.77% vs. 25.00%,

P
=
0.035

; 6.15% vs. 21.88%,

P
=
0.010

, respectively). Patient-reported satisfaction and willingness to repeat the bowel preparation were significantly higher for low-volume split-dose regimen two than for low-volume split-dose regimen one (

P
=
0.011

;

P
=
0.015

). Conclusions. In early morning colonoscopies, the bowel-cleansing efficacy and patient tolerability of low-volume split-dose regimen two were superior to low-volume split-dose regimen one.
Significance of Continuous Nursing of Omaha System in Children after Hypospadias Surgery and Its Influence on Infection Complications
Authors: Li Junting , Fan Xiaochen , Deng Qifei , Sun Jingjing , Jin Liping , Chen Peipei , Wei Pinglian , Liu Annuo
Published: September 2022

Objective. The aim of the research article is to explore the significance of continuous nursing of the Omaha system in children after hypospadias surgery and its influence on infection complications. Methods. From April 2019 to April 2021, Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital treated 76 children with hypospadias and they were selected as the research objects. In the light of the random number table method, children were classified into the control group and the study group, with 38 cases in each group. The control group applied routine postoperative nursing intervention, while the study group received Omaha system continuous nursing intervention based on the control group. The Omaha system outcome evaluation, complication rate, quality of life, and nursing satisfaction were recorded and discussed in all children. Results. The levels of physiological and psychological environment and health behavior in both groups after intervention were significantly higher than those before the intervention, and the levels of all dimensions in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05); the complication rate in the study group was 10.53% significantly lower than that in the control group (28.95%). After intervention, the physiological function, psychological and social function, emotional function, social interaction, and school status of the two groups were significantly higher than before intervention, and the score of each dimension in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05); the overall satisfaction of nursing in the study group was 94.74% significantly better than in the control group (81.59%) (P < 0.05). Conclusion. The continuous nursing intervention of the Omaha system for children with hypospadias can significantly improve the clinical condition of children, reduce the risk of infection complications, improve children’s physical and mental health status, and improve nursing satisfaction, which is worthy of clinical practice.
Response Surface Methodology Applied to the Optimization of the Preparation of Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Extracts from Phragmanthera capitata (Spreng.) Balle: Effect of Particle Size, Powder-to-Solvent Ratio, and Temperature
Authors: Feudjio Césaire , Singor Njateng Guy Sedar , Klang Mathilde Julie , Yameen Muhammad Arfat , Khan Muhammad Ahsan , Kuiate Jules-Roger
Published: September 2022

Phragmanthera capitata is a medicinal plant used in traditional medicine to treat several diseases, including diabetes. Its antioxidant properties and inhibitory effects on enzyme-carbohydrate digestion activities have been demonstrated. The present study aimed to provide data that can contribute to rationalizing the preparation of antioxidant and antidiabetic extracts from this plant. P. capitata (whole plant) growing on Persea americana was harvested at the fruiting stage. A response surface design-type central composite was applied to maximize the extraction yield, phenolic contents, and antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of the ethyl acetate extract of P. capitata. The influencing extraction factors were temperature, powder particle size, and solvent-to-powder ratio. The total phenolic content, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), DPPH scavenging ability, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and antidiabetic (α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory) effects of the extracts were determined using conventional methods. A temperature above 55°C contributed to the degradation of the extract, which was reflected in the GC-MS profile by a significant reduction in the number of compounds it contained. The optimal conditions were defined as 24.42°C for temperature, 250 µm powder particle size, and 8.30 (v:w) solvent-to-powder ratio. This extraction protocol resulted in more than twice the extraction yield (3.05%), TTC (62.30 mg TAE/g), TAC (41.41 mg AAE/g), FRAP (186.56 mg AAE/g), and α-amylase (IC50 15.05 µg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC50 21.14 µg/mL) inhibitory activities compared to our previous results. Additionally, these optimal conditions led experimentally to the extraction of higher phenolic content and to the attainment of higher antioxidant and antidiabetic activity, which closely matched the predicted values. Using these conditions, it is possible to prepare an antidiabetic phytomedicine from P. capitatathat can prevent oxidative stress complications. However, further complementary studies should be carried out considering other factors that influence the composition and pharmacological properties of the extract.
Utility-Based Joint Power Control and Resource Allocation Algorithm for Heterogeneous Cloud Radio Access Network (H-CRAN)
Authors: Shaheen H. , Bhuvaneswari M. S. , Balaganesh N. , Rani B. Kezia , Paul P. John , Deepajothi S. , Berhanu Afework Aemro
Published: September 2022

The high density of H-CRAN associated with frequent UE handover may degrade the throughput. The infrastructure equipment like RRHs and BBUs consumes more energy to reduce UE energy consumptions. In this paper, we propose a utility-based joint power control and resource allocation (UJPCRA) algorithm for heterogeneous cloud radio access network (H-CRAN). In this framework, the power consumption of baseband units (BBUs), remote radio heads (RRHs), and macrocell base station (MBS) are estimated by predicting their dynamic loads. The data rate achievable for UE associated with each RRH and MBS on resource block RBk is then estimated. The user wishing to connect to a RRH or MBS then checks the corresponding utility with minimum expected energy consumption and the maximum expected data rate. If any UE with high priority traffic connected to MBS could not achieve its desired data rate requirements, then it can cooperatively seek the assistance of any RRH for assigning the balance RBs. The throughput may be enhanced by the high density of H-CRAN and frequent UE handover. Inter- and intracell interference causes the H-CRAN macrocells’ improved data rate to diminish. To lower UE energy consumption, infrastructure devices like RRHs and BBUs need more energy. As a result, there is a trade-off between operators and UE energy conservation. It is possible to determine the power consumption of BBUs, RRHs, and MBS using predictions of their dynamic loads. The UE may then forecast the data rate for each RRH and MBS on the resource block. When a user wishes to connect to an RRH or MBS, they look at the utility with the highest expected data rate and the least predicted energy usage first. A UE with high priority traffic connected to the MBS can cooperatively ask any RRH for assistance in allocating the remaining RBs if it is unable to achieve its intended data rate needs. Experimental results have shown that the proposed JRAUA algorithm achieves higher throughput, resource utilization, and energy efficiency with reduced packet loss ratio, when compared to the existing techniques.
Bipolar Disorder after COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report from an Ethiopian Perspective
Authors: Tesfaye Elias , Alemayehu Selamawit , Gebru Elias
Published: September 2022

Introduction. COVID-19 has been a sudden public health crisis since January 2020, spreading from the city of Wuhan, China, to the whole country within a month and posing serious threats to lives. The pandemic has a profound effect on all aspects of society, including mental health and physical health. The actual effect of the virus on the brain and possible psychiatric manifestations is still an area of study and further investigation. There are also several case reports showing manic like symptoms after COVID-19 infection. We describe the case of a 55-year-old patient who presented with behavioral and mood symptoms after a COVID-19 infection. Case Presentation. The patient presented with behavioral disturbance after a diagnosis of COVID-19. He exhibited symptoms including irritability, verbal and physical aggressiveness, increased goal-directed activity, elated and expansive mood, increased energy, grandiosity and inflated self-esteem, and decreased need for sleep. Findings on psychiatric evaluation encompassing detailed history and mental state examination suggested bipolar disorder due to COVID-19 infections. For this, he was put on sodium valproate 1000 mg per day and later, and he was discharged after 21 days with improvement. Conclusions. This case highlights the importance of paying attention to psychiatric symptoms in patients with COVID-19 and the early intervention and involvement of psychiatrists especially in critically ill patients. In the present scenario, we urge physicians to pay attention to those cases and be open-minded for such a possible new diagnosis. We also recommend performing antibody tests for CSF and RNA tests for patients with mental abnormalities following COVID-19. Further studies can be performed to identify the relationship between COVID-19 and bipolar disorders.
Quantitative Detection of Gastrointestinal Tumor Markers Using a Machine Learning Algorithm and Multicolor Quantum Dot Biosensor
Authors: Saren Gaowa , Zhu Linlin , Han Yue
Published: September 2022

This work was to explore the application value of gastrointestinal tumor markers based on gene feature selection model of principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm and multicolor quantum dots (QDs) immunobiosensor in the detection of gastrointestinal tumors. Based on the PCA method, the neighborhood rough set algorithm was introduced to improve it, and the tumor gene feature selection model (OPCA) was established to analyze its classification accuracy and accuracy. Four kinds of coupled biosensors were fabricated based on QDs, namely, 525 nm Cd Se/Zn S QDs-carbohydrate antigen 125 (QDs525-CA125 McAb), 605 nm Cd Se/Zn S QDs-cancer antigen 19-9 (QDs605-CA19-9 McAb), 645 nm Cd Se/Zn S QDs-anticancer embryonic antigen (QDs 645-CEA McAb), and 565 nm Cd Se/Zn S QDs-anti-alpha-fetoprotein (QDs565-AFP McAb). The quantum dot-antibody conjugates were identified and quantified by fluorescence spectroscopy and ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy. The results showed that the classification precision of OPCA model in colon tumor and gastric cancer datasets was 99.52% and 99.03%, respectively, and the classification accuracy was 94.86% and 94.2%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of other algorithms. The fluorescence values of AFP McAb, CEA McAb, CA19-9 McAb, and CA125 McAb reached the maximum when the conjugation concentrations were 25 µg/mL, 20 µg/mL, 30 µg/mL, and 30 µg/m, respectively. The highest recovery rate of AFP was 98.51%, and its fluorescence intensity was 35.78 ± 2.99, which was significantly higher than that of other antigens (

P
<
0.001

). In summary, the OPCA model based on PCA algorithm can obtain fewer feature gene sets and improve the accuracy of sample classification. Intelligent immunobiosensors based on machine learning algorithms and QDs have potential application value in gastrointestinal gene feature selection and tumor marker detection, which provides a new idea for clinical diagnosis of gastrointestinal tumors.
Analysis of Dropper Stress in a Catenary System for a High-Speed Railway
Authors: Chen Liming , Sun Juan , Pan Like , He Fan
Published: September 2022

When the pantograph slides over the contact wire at a high speed, there are cyclic stresses acting on droppers. The cyclic stresses are related with the fatigue life and fracture of the dropper. Thus, the stress calculation of the dropper is particularly important to ensure the safe operation of a train. In this paper, a simple model based on a span of five droppers is constructed. The contact wire is treated as a beam element and the vibration equation under a dynamic force is deduced. Then, the stresses are performed numerically using the finite difference method. The stress-time relationship under a dynamic force is obtained and compared with that under a constant force. The results show that there is a large shock effect during the deformation of dropper from straightening to compression and then bending. The dynamic force could cause much higher stresses than a constant force. It indicates that a dynamic force has a more significant impact on the stress value of dropper than a constant force.
Online Learning Platform for Air Environment Detection and Career Planning Based on 5G Network
Authors: Ning Xi
Published: September 2022

With the faster and faster economic and social development, environmental problems will gradually become prominent. At the same time, mobile learning is receiving more and more attention from trainers, and mobile learning is bound to become an important and effective means for corporate training. Based on the 5G network, this paper conducts research and analysis on the air environment detection and career planning online learning platform. This article first introduces the atmospheric environment monitoring system based on 5G wireless sensor network, analyzes the gray GM(1, 1) model modeling to better predict air quality, and gives the model programming the basic idea. Gray system theory model, also known as gray model or gray dynamic model, is referred to as GM model. The most typical of them is the gray model GM(1, 1). Subsequently, the air environment quality in City A was tested and predicted, and at the same time, the overall status of the career planning of college students was analyzed and discussed. The results of the study show that, in the forecast of the air quality in City A, it is found that the air quality in City A from 2021 to 2025 is still not optimistic. Among them, the annual average value of PM10 shows a downward trend; the annual average value of SO2 fluctuates greatly, and the annual average value of NO2 is on the rise compared with 2020 and will reach 0.045 mg/m3 in 2025. Therefore, City A still needs to take practical measures to control air quality. The results of the analysis of the overall status of career planning show that in the process of cultivating career planning ability and stimulating learning motivation, it is also necessary to pay attention to the cultivation of social responsibility and dedication.
Abstract IA21: Molecular Pathogenesis and Cells of Origin of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Ilyas Sumera I
Published: September 2022

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) originates in the intrahepatic biliary tree above the second order bile ducts. There are two primary histological subtypes of iCCA: small bile duct iCCAs which arise at the level of the smaller intrahepatic bile ducts, and large bile duct iCCAs which arise in the large intrahepatic bile ducts. Hepatic stem or progenitor cells and cuboidal cholangiocytes are the cells of origin of small bile duct iCCA, whereas large bile duct iCCAs arise from columnar mucous cholangiocytes or peribiliary glands. The molecular pathogenesis of iCCA is distinct from the other anatomic subtypes of CCA. Potentially actionable genomic aberrations that occur in iCCA include fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) gene fusions, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 and 2 mutations, BRAF mutations, and neutrotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) gene fusions. Epigenetic aberrations that occur in iCCA include inactivating mutations of chromatin remodeling genes such as BAP1 and ARIDIA. Additionally, IDH 1/2 mutations lead to the production of oncometabolites with consequent widespread epigenetic changes. IDH inhibitors and FGFR inhibitors have now received FDA approval for IDH mutated and FGFR altered CCA, respectively. Immune checkpoint inhibition has received tissue agnostic FDA approval for mismatch repair deficient/MSI high CCAs. Other targeted therapies such as PARP inhibitors and CDK4/6 inhibitors are under active investigation.

Citation Format: Sumera I Ilyas. Molecular Pathogenesis and Cells of Origin of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in the Pathogenesis and Molecular Therapies of Liver Cancer; 2022 May 5-8; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2022;28(17_Suppl):Abstract nr IA21.
Abstract IA22: Molecular classes and landscape of drivers of intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Sia Daniela
Published: September 2022

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive malignancy originating from the neoplastic transformation of the epithelial cells of the bile ducts, both intrahepatic (iCCA) and extrahepatic (eCCA), and among the fastest growing cancers in the United states. Therapeutic options for CCA patients at advanced stages are limited and palliative chemotherapy remains the main treatment option. Over the past decade, the application of next-generation sequencing has significantly impacted the management of CCA where clinically-relevant subgroups have been identified based on the recurrence of specific structural aberrations (i.e. FGFR2 fusions, IDH1 mutations) with important differences according to the anatomical site. These efforts have increased the molecular understanding of this disease and ultimately suggested that iCCA and eCCA may represent distinct entities. Thereby, increasing efforts have tried to generate molecular classifications specific for each subtype, although initial studies analyzed CCA samples regardless of their anatomic site of origin. We will review current knowledge of the molecular landscape and immunogenomic classifications proposed to date for iCCA and eCCA.

Citation Format: Daniela Sia. Molecular classes and landscape of drivers of intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in the Pathogenesis and Molecular Therapies of Liver Cancer; 2022 May 5-8; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2022;28(17_Suppl):Abstract nr IA22.
Abstract IA26: FGFR2 fusion inhibitors: Clinical benefit and mechanisms of resistance
Authors: Borad Mitesh
Published: September 2022

The fibroblast growth factor pathway (FGFR) has been implicated in a subset of hepatobiliary cancers. Predominant amongst these are fusions/rearrangements for FGFR2 in ~10-15% of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas. In this talk we will review: (1) the FGFR pathway and its role in normal physiology, (2) sequencing studies in cholangiocarcinoma with emphasis on discovery of FGFR2 fusions, (3) clinical data for FDA approved FGFR small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, (4) clinical data for second and third generation FGFR inhibitors, (5) determinants of response to therapy for FGFR inhibitors, (6) mechanisms of resistance to FGFR inhibitors and (7) on and off target toxicities for first generation FGFR inhibitors.

Citation Format: Mitesh Borad. FGFR2 fusion inhibitors: Clinical benefit and mechanisms of resistance [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in the Pathogenesis and Molecular Therapies of Liver Cancer; 2022 May 5-8; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2022;28(17_Suppl):Abstract nr IA26.
Abstract PO012: In silico drug repurposing identifies mebendazole as a treatment option for chemoresistant hepatoblastoma
Authors: Li Qian , Demir Salih , Bao Xuanwen , Wagner Alexandra , Fan Yanxin , Cairo Stefano , Kappler Roland
Published: September 2022

Resistance to conventional chemotherapy remains a huge challenge in the clinical management and treatment of hepatoblastoma, the most common liver tumor of childhood. The in silico repurposing of drugs with known pharmacokinetics and safety profiles, which have been approved for other indications, represents a promising strategy to identify new drugs effective in chemoresistant hepatoblastoma. In this study, we integrated RNA sequencing-derived gene expression data into the pharmacologic perturbation prediction tool Connectivity Map (CMap) and identified the clinical widely used anthelmintic drug mebendazole as a putative drug to circumvent chemoresistance in hepatoblastoma. Consequently, we experimentally validated the efficacy of mebendazole in permanent and patient-derived xenograft cell lines that are resistant to cisplatin, the therapeutic backbone of hepatoblastoma treatment. Viability assays clearly indicated a potent reduction of tumor cell growth upon mebendazole treatment in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, similar mebendazole concentrations had little inhibitory effect on the growth of normal neonatal and adult skin fibroblasts. The combination of mebendazole and cisplatin revealed a strong synergistic effect, which was comparable to the one seen with cisplatin and doxorubicin (cardiotoxic), the current standard treatment for high-risk hepatoblastoma patients. Moreover, mebendazole treatment resulted in reduced colony formation capability, induction of apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest of hepatoblastoma cells. Immunofluorescent staining of alpha-tubulin showed that mebendazole causes blockage of microtubule formation and subsequent RNA sequencing analyses confirmed the transcriptional downregulation of tubulins as the major mode of action of mebendazole treatment. Most importantly, mebendazole significantly reduced tumor growth in a subcutaneous xenograft transplantation mouse model. In conclusion, our results strongly support the clinical use of mebendazole as a replacement for doxorubicin in the treatment of chemoresistant hepatoblastoma. This could potentially not only improve outcome but also reduce severe long-term side effects.

Citation Format: Qian Li, Salih Demir, Xuanwen Bao, Alexandra Wagner, Yanxin Fan, Stefano Cairo, Roland Kappler. In silico drug repurposing identifies mebendazole as a treatment option for chemoresistant hepatoblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in the Pathogenesis and Molecular Therapies of Liver Cancer; 2022 May 5-8; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2022;28(17_Suppl):Abstract nr PO012.
Abstract PO020: Identification of lipid species: potential biomarkers for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Leung Kit Yee , Freitas KayLee , Kuang Yu
Published: September 2022

Purpose of Study To investigate alterations in lipid metabolism during carcinogenesis from pretumor tissue towards hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to identify lipid species biomarkers for early detection of HCC. Methods Liver tissue samples were collected from HCC patients. The samples were used to investigate the differences in lipid compositions between tumor and its surrounding hepatic tissue (SHT). A sample of the liver tumor and a sample of SHT were collected from each patient. A total of 32 samples were included in this study. Lipid profiling was performed using an automated electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry with continuous infusion at 30 μl/min. The signal detection limit is 0.0005 mol. Concentrations of 1881 lipid species in tissue samples were analyzed. These lipid species include 348 species in 13 polar lipid groups, 44 species in triacylglycerol (TAG) group and 1489 species containing specific fatty acyl (FA). Lipid species with signal detected above or equal to the detection limit and coefficient of variation below 0.3 were retained for statistical analysis. Concentration differences in lipid species between HCC and SHT were compared using paired t-test or Wilcox signed rank. Differences in lipid compositions between HCC and SHT were assessed. Results Our study shows that significant difference (p < 0.05) of lipid species between SHT and HCC was found in 61 species including 50 species from polar lipid groups and 11 species from TAG group. Most of these species are phosphatidylcholine, ether-linked phosphatidylcholine and TAG species accounted for 36.07%, 13.11% and 18.03% respectively. In addition, significant changes in total ether-linked phosphatidylethanolamine (ePE) and total phosphatidylinositol (PI) were observed. Furthermore, there were significant decreases in FA 18:2 and FA18:3, but significant increase in FA 18:0 in HCC compared with that in SHT. Conclusions Our study suggests that total ePE, total PI, FA 18:0, FA 18:2 and FA 18:3 may serve as biomarkers for the early detection of HCC. Additional study is needed to understand the detailed mechanism of lipid alteration. Our study provides novel insights in the progress of pretumor tissue towards HCC.

Citation Format: Kit Yee Leung, KayLee Freitas, Yu Kuang. Identification of lipid species: potential biomarkers for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in the Pathogenesis and Molecular Therapies of Liver Cancer; 2022 May 5-8; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2022;28(17_Suppl):Abstract nr PO020.
Abstract PR03: Pretreatment immune cell composition and checkpoint ligand expression define the response to immunotherapy in advanced HCC: a study using single-cell sequencing
Authors: Cappuyns Sarah , Philips Gino , Vandecaveye Vincent , Verslype Chris , Van Cutsem Eric , Lambrechts Diether , Derkervel Jeroen
Published: September 2022

The novel combination of atezolizumab/bevacizumab has demonstrated unprecedented response rates in a subgroup of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (aHCC) patients. In order to understand why only a subset of aHCC patients respond to immunotherapy targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, we subjected pre-treatment tissue biopsies from 31 aHCC patients, with mainly non-viral etiologies, to simultaneous single-cell transcriptome (scRNAseq) and T-cell receptor (scTCRseq) sequencing, providing an integrative view of the tumor-microenvironment of aHCC (n=91 169 cells). The therapeutic targets, PD-1 and PD-L1 are expressed in tumor-infiltrating T- cells versus myeloid cells and tumor cells, respectively. Myeloid cells in tumors responding to immunotherapy (according to mRECIST) express significantly higher levels of PD-L1 (p=0.014) compared to non-responders and this is driven by pro-inflammatory PD-L1 expressing CXCL10+ macrophages, involved in T-cell recruitment. In contrast, non-responding tumors are infiltrated by immature CX3CR1+ macrophages and CCR2+ ‘monocyte-like’ macrophages (p=0.009 and p=0.01, respectively). Interestingly, the composition of tumor-infiltrating T-cells did not differ significantly between patient groups. However, responding tumors were characterized by a more clonal baseline T-cell receptor repertoire (p=0.007). Single-cell T-cell receptor sequencing revealed that this clonality was present in activated, effector T-cells, while non-responders had a higher proportion of non-clonal T-cells (p=0.01) concentrated within naïve and memory-like T-cell phenotypes. In conclusion, this is the first and largest aHCC cohort to correlate single-cell sequencing data with clinical outcomes. Prior to treatment, differences in abundancy and ligand expression in small clusters of immune cells as well as difference in baseline T-cell clonality drive response to checkpoint inhibition in aHCC.

Citation Format: Sarah Cappuyns, Gino Philips, Vincent Vandecaveye, Chris Verslype, Eric Van Cutsem, Diether Lambrechts, Jeroen Derkervel. Pretreatment immune cell composition and checkpoint ligand expression define the response to immunotherapy in advanced HCC: a study using single-cell sequencing [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in the Pathogenesis and Molecular Therapies of Liver Cancer; 2022 May 5-8; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2022;28(17_Suppl):Abstract nr PR03.
Outcomes of Second-Line Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Switch Therapy in Radiation Retinopathy Secondary to Uveal Melanoma: Moving from Bevacizumab to Aflibercept
Authors: Srivastava Ojas , Weis Ezekiel
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Radiation retinopathy is a dose-dependent complication of the retina following exposure to ionizing radiation. The objective of this prospective case series is to determine the clinical efficacy of intravitreal aflibercept for radiation retinopathy secondary to radiotherapy for uveal melanoma in those that failed intravitreal bevacizumab treatment. Methods: A case series of 30 patients with a mean age of 57 ± 15 years with radiation retinopathy were enrolled. Visual acuity (VA) and central foveal thickness (CFT) responses to therapy were assessed with regression analyses at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months following the switch to aflibercept. Results: Regression analyses showed a statistically significant reduction in CFT and improvements in VA following the switch to treatment by aflibercept at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. The mean CFT improved from 476 μm ± 170 to 386 μm ± 139 and the mean VA improved minimally from 20/115 ± 20/63 to 20/112 ± 20/54 over 6 months. After 6 months of aflibercept, 46% of patients displayed a CFT improvement of 100 μm or greater and 23% of patients showed improvement in VA of 1 line or better. Conclusion: This pilot study suggests that patients with radiation retinopathy who have failed monthly intravitreal bevacizumab may respond to aflibercept.