bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D Data Processing and Entropy Reduction for Reconstruction from Low-Resolution Spatial Coordinate Clouds in a Technical Vision System
Authors: Alba Corpus Ivan Y. , Flores-Fuentes Wendy , Sergiyenko Oleg , Rodríguez-Quiñonez Julio C. , Miranda-Vega Jesús E. , Garcia-González Wendy , Núñez-López José A.
Published: July 2024

This paper proposes an advancement in the application of a Technical Vision System (TVS), which integrates a laser scanning mechanism with a single light sensor to measure 3D spatial coordinates. In this application, the system is used to scan and digitalize objects using a rotating table to explore the potential of the system for 3D scanning at reduced resolutions. The experiments undertaken searched for optimal scanning windows and used statistical data filtering techniques and regression models to find a method to generate a 3D scan that was still recognizable with the least amount of 3D points, balancing the number of points scanned and time, while at the same time reducing effects caused by the particularities of the TVS, such as noise and entropy in the form of natural distortion in the resulting scans. The evaluation of the experimentation results uses 3D point registration methods, joining multiple faces from the original volume scanned by the TVS and aligning it to the ground truth model point clouds, which are based on a commercial 3D camera to verify that the reconstructed 3D model retains substantial detail from the original object. This research finds it is possible to reconstruct sufficiently detailed 3D models obtained from the TVS, which contain coarsely scanned data or scans that initially lack high definition or are too noisy.
Conscious Causality, Observer–Observed Simultaneity, and the Problem of Time for Integrated Information Theory
Authors: Sanfey John
Published: July 2024

Without proven causal power, consciousness cannot be integrated with physics except as an epiphenomenon, hence the term ‘hard problem’. Integrated Information Theory (IIT) side-steps the issue by stating that subjective experience must be identical to informational physical structures whose cause-and-effect power is greater than the sum of their parts. But the focus on spatially oriented structures rather than events in time introduces a deep conceptual flaw throughout its entire structure, including the measure of integrated information, known as Φ (phi). However, the problem can be corrected by incorporating the temporal feature of consciousness responsible for the hard problem, which can ultimately resolve it, namely, that experiencer and experienced are not separated in time but exist simultaneously. Simultaneous causation is not possible in physics, hence the hard problem, and yet it can be proven deductively that consciousness does have causal power because of this phenomenological simultaneity. Experiencing presence makes some facts logically possible that would otherwise be illogical. Bypassing the hard problem has caused much of the criticism that IIT has attracted, but by returning to its roots in complexity theory, it can repurpose its model to measure causal connections that are temporally rather than spatially related.
Perception Differences between Families and Teachers on the Integral Development of the Child and the Educational Process
Authors: Muñoz-Herrera Enrique , Montero-Trillo Delfina María , Aranda-Ruz Francisco , Llorente-Cantarero Francisco Jesús
Published: July 2024

Educational development should be balanced among the different agents that make-up the entirety of the educational community (students, teachers, families, and external agents), with a prominent role of the family and teachers. However, it seems that reality does not comply with these principles, leading to a decrease in educational effectiveness. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the perceptions of the legal guardian/family (LG), and the class tutor/teacher (CT), on the comprehensive development of students and on the global educational process, in order to clarify their role in this process. For this purpose, students aged 3–8 years were selected and the views of their families and teachers were compared (n = 820 observations), both in terms of the five areas that make-up the comprehensive development of the individual (cognitive, social, emotional, moral, and motor) and in regard to other determining variables that affect the global educational process (adaptive, cultural, digital, and school-type areas). The results show significant differences in the perceptions between both groups, with LGs rating all areas higher, except for the adaptive area, which was rated higher by CTs. The conclusions and the factors that explain these results, highlighting technical training as the most important determining factor, could serve as a starting point to bring the vision of both educational agents closer, which would result in an improvement in the communication channels between teachers and families, and in the optimization of the teaching and learning process itself.
Synergistic Effects of Total Ionizing Dose and Single-Event Upset in 130 nm 7T Silicon-on-Insulator Static Random Access Memory
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Guo Gang , Wang Linfei , Xiao Shuyan , Chen Qiming , Gao Linchun , Wang Chunlin , Li Futang , Zhang Fuqiang , Zhao Shuyong , Liu Jiancheng
Published: July 2024

The exposure of spaceborne devices to high-energy charged particles in space results in the occurrence of both a total ionizing dose (TID) and the single-event effect (SEE). These phenomena present significant challenges for the reliable operation of spacecraft and satellites. The rapid advancement of semiconductor fabrication processes and the continuous reduction in device feature size have led to an increase in the significance of the synergistic effects of TID and SEE in static random access memory (SRAM). In order to elucidate the involved physical mechanisms, the synergistic effects of TID and single-event upset (SEU) in a new kind of 130 nm 7T silicon-on-insulator (SOI) SRAM were investigated by means of cobalt-60 gamma-ray and heavy ion irradiation experiments. The findings demonstrate that 7T SOI SRAM is capable of maintaining normal reading and writing functionality when subjected to TID irradiation at a total dose of up to 750 krad(Si). In general, the TID was observed to reduce the SEU cross-section of the 7T SOI SRAM. However, the extent of this reduction was influenced by the heavy ion LET value and the specific writing data pattern employed. Based on the available evidence, it can be proposed that TID preirradiation represents a promising avenue for enhancing the resilience of 7T SOI SRAMs to SEU.
RA-YOLOv8: An Improved YOLOv8 Seal Text Detection Method
Authors: Sun Han , Tan Chaohong , Pang Si , Wang Hancheng , Huang Baohua
Published: July 2024

To detect text from electronic seals that have significant background interference, blurring, text overlapping, and curving, an improved YOLOv8 model named RA-YOLOv8 was developed. The model is primarily based on YOLOv8, with optimized structures in its backbone and neck. The receptive-field attention and efficient multi-scale attention (RFEMA) module is introduced in the backbone. The model’s ability to extract and integrate local and global features is enhanced by combining the attention on the receptive-field spatial feature of the receptive-field attention and coordinate attention (RFCA) module and the cross-spatial learning of the efficient multi-scale attention (EMA) module. The Alterable Kernel Convolution (AKConv) module is incorporated in the neck, enhancing the model’s detection accuracy of curved text by dynamically adjusting the sampling position. Furthermore, to boost the model’s detection performance, the original loss function is replaced with the bounding box regression loss function of Minimum Point Distance Intersection over Union (MPDIoU). Experimental results demonstrate that RA-YOLOv8 surpasses YOLOv8 in terms of precision, recall, and F1 value, with improvements of 0.4%, 1.6%, and 1.03%, respectively, validating its effectiveness and utility in seal text detection.
Sofware-Defined Radio Testbed for I/Q Imbalanced Single-Carrier Communication Systems
Authors: Pendás-Recondo Álvaro , López-Fernández Jesús Alberto , González-Ayestarán Rafael
Published: July 2024

An end-to-end testbed for In-phase and Quadrature (I/Q) Imbalance (IQI) communication systems based on Software-Defined Radio (SDR) is presented. The scenario under consideration is a Single-Input–Single-Output (SISO) single-carrier communication where the transmitter is heavily affected by IQI, whose effects are mitigated through digital signal processing at the receiver. The presented testbed is highly configurable, enabling the testing of different communication and IQI parameters. Crucial insights into the practical implementation of IQI mitigation techniques, specifically through the use of asymmetric signaling at the receiver, are provided. Initially, a detailed description of the mathematical framework is given. This framework serves as the foundation for the subsequent discussion on system implementation, effectively bridging the gap between research on IQI mitigation and its practical application in single-carrier architectures. Over-The-Air (OTA) Symbol Error Rate (SER) measurements for different constellations validate the receiver design and implementation. The source code of the presented testbed is publicly available.
A Study on the Simple Encryption of QR Codes Using Random Numbers
Authors: Okubo Iori , Ono Seiya , Kim Hyun-Woo , Cho Myungjin , Lee Min-Chul
Published: July 2024

Recently, with the widespread adoption of quick response (QR) code payments, there have been incidents of unauthorized use of QR codes presented at the time of payment, due to theft or duplication. As a countermeasure, conventional QR code payment systems are designed to update the QR code periodically. However, there is a problem: it is possible to make a payment using an illegally obtained QR code until the update. Therefore, it is necessary to encrypt the QR code itself to prevent its duplication. The objective of this research is to prevent fraudulent use of QR payments by combining image encryption using random numbers and Rivest Cipher 4 (RC4). In this paper, we perform image encryption using random numbers generated from a uniform distribution for QR codes presented at the time of payment and encrypt the seed value, which is the decryption key, using RC4. As a result, the proposed encryption method prevents unauthorized use of the QR code used for payment by stealing the image, and the processing speed and encryption strength are sufficient. Histogram analysis, key sensitivity analysis, and correlation coefficients were used to measure encryption strength. Finally, the proposed method is expected to enable more secure use of QR payments compared to conventional systems.
Collaborative Decision Making with Responsible AI: Establishing Trust and Load Models for Probabilistic Transparency
Authors: Wang Xinyue , Li Yaxin , Xue Chengqi
Published: July 2024

In responsible AI development, the construction of AI systems with well-designed transparency and the capability to achieve transparency-adaptive adjustments necessitates a clear and quantified understanding of user states during the interaction process. Among these, trust and load are two important states of the user’s internal psychology, albeit often challenging to directly ascertain. Thus, this study employs transparency experiments involving multiple probabilistic indicators to capture users’ compliance and reaction times during the interactive collaboration process of receiving real-time feedback. Subsequently, estimations of trust and load states are established, leading to the further development of a state transition matrix. Through the establishment of a trust–workload model, probabilistic estimations of user states under varying levels of transparency are obtained, quantitatively delineating the evolution of states and transparency within interaction sequences. This research lays the groundwork for subsequent endeavors in optimal strategy formulation and the development of transparency dynamically adaptive adjustment strategies based on the trust–workload state model constraints.
New Evidence on the Influence of Coloured Lighting on Students’ Cognitive Processes
Authors: Quiles-Rodríguez José , Palau Ramon
Published: July 2024

Although there is a large amount of scientific literature on the impact of colour on learning, there is considerably less research on the impact of coloured lighting on learning. Numerous studies have explored this traditional approach, but their results are inconsistent and lack systematic rigour. However, the logical technological evolution towards coloured lighting remains a nascent field, with most research focusing on colour temperature (CCT) rather than coloured lighting per se. Studies such as this one highlight the benefits of coloured LED lighting on students’ cognitive processes, as it is a technology which can overcome the limitations of traditional colour applications by introducing the concept of “dynamic colour” as a key component of smart classrooms that can be integrated into artificial intelligence (AI)-based decision making. This study, conducted in a primary school classroom, employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and a control group, and had a duration of three months. The effect of coloured lighting on students’ cognitive processes, such as attention, impulsivity control and figurative creativity, divided into four dimensions, was investigated. Descriptive, variance-based and comparative analyses of the overall results reveal that coloured light significantly influences cognitive processes, and some results are even generalisable across the variables analysed.
Generalized Filter Bank Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Systems for 6G
Authors: Xin Yu , Bao Tong , Hua Jian , Zhang Hongming
Published: July 2024

In this study, generalized filter bank orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (GFB-OFDM) is proposed for 6G. In order to meet the different requirements of various scenarios in 6G, a unified structure of GFB-OFDM is designed by adopting the flexible capabilities of suitable transmission modules. In the proposed GFB-OFDM system, the coexistence of different numerologies in different sub-bands and/or the coexistence of single-carrier and multi-carrier waveforms are achieved for adjusting different scenarios in 6G. Finally, simulation results are provided to validate the BER performance of GFB-OFDM, showing that it is capable of achieving a comparable BER performance and much more flexible transmissions compared with the classic OFDM systems.
Overview of Pest Detection and Recognition Algorithms
Authors: Guo Boyu , Wang Jianji , Guo Minghui , Chen Miao , Chen Yanan , Miao Yisheng
Published: July 2024

Detecting and recognizing pests are paramount for ensuring the healthy growth of crops, maintaining ecological balance, and enhancing food production. With the advancement of artificial intelligence technologies, traditional pest detection and recognition algorithms based on manually selected pest features have gradually been substituted by deep learning-based algorithms. In this review paper, we first introduce the primary neural network architectures and evaluation metrics in the field of pest detection and pest recognition. Subsequently, we summarize widely used public datasets for pest detection and recognition. Following this, we present various pest detection and recognition algorithms proposed in recent years, providing detailed descriptions of each algorithm and their respective performance metrics. Finally, we outline the challenges that current deep learning-based pest detection and recognition algorithms encounter and propose future research directions for related algorithms.
A 10 µH Inductance Standard in PCB Technology with Enhanced Protection against Magnetic Fields
Authors: Martinović Žarko , Dadić Martin , Matas Ivan , Grgec Bermanec Lovorka
Published: July 2024

Low-frequency working standards of inductance are generally uniformly wound toroids on a ceramic core. Planar inductors made using printed circuit board (PCB) technology are simple and cheap to manufacture in comparison to inductors wound on toroid cores, but they are significantly prone to the influence of external magnetic fields. In this paper, we propose the design of a PCB inductance working standard of 10 μH, consisting of a duplex system of planar PCB coils, electrostatic shielding, and an enclosure. Alongside an electromagnetic analysis and design procedure, the measurements on the manufactured prototype included the generated magnetic field, the thermal time constant of the enclosure, temperature coefficients, and its error analysis. The measurements show negligible generated magnetic fields (<1.68 nT at 7 cm, 49 mA, 10 kHz). The minimum thermal time constant of the enclosure is 1270 s and the temperature coefficient of resistance is 0.00384 1/℃. The presented method of temperature coefficient measurement using a climate chamber allows for measurements in the temperature range of 10 °C to 40 °C. In this temperature range, the results show an inductance variation of 0.05 µH at 50 kHz, while the uncertainty of inductance measurement at this frequency was 0.03 µH (k = 2).
HydraulicBridge: Covert Signaling Channel between Air-Gapped Systems Using Hydraulic-Pressure Fluctuations
Authors: Liang Yongyu , Shan Hong , Zhao Jun , Lu Canju , Yang Guozheng
Published: July 2024

To protect critical computing systems from network attacks, modern enterprises typically employ physical isolation measures to disconnect them from open networks such as the Internet. However, attackers can still infiltrate these closed networks through internal employees or supply chain vulnerabilities. This presents the primary challenge that attackers face: how to effectively manage and manipulate infected devices that are isolated from the external network. In this paper, we propose a new covert communication technology called HydraulicBridge, which demonstrates how air gap networks can communicate through covert water pressure-fluctuation channels. Specifically, we demonstrate how water pressure from water pipes can be used to communicate with infected hosts within an air gap network. Additionally, we provide experimental results demonstrating the feasibility of covert channels and test the communication speed in the experimental environment. Finally, we offer a forensic analysis and propose various methods for detecting and blocking this channel. We believe that this study provides a comprehensive introduction to previously unseen attack vectors that security experts should be aware of.
A Low-Complexity Solution for Optimizing Binary Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces towards Wireless Communication
Authors: Janawade  Santosh A. , Krishnan  Prabu , Kandasamy  Krishnamoorthy , Holla  Shashank S. , Rao  Karthik , Chandrasekar  Aditya
Published: July 2024

Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IRSs) enable us to have a reconfigurable reflecting surface that can efficiently deflect the transmitted signal toward the receiver. The initial step in the IRS usually involves estimating the channel between a fixed transmitter and a stationary receiver. After estimating the channel, the problem of finding the most optimal IRS configuration is non-convex, and involves a huge search in the solution space. In this work, we propose a novel and customized technique which efficiently estimates the channel and configures the IRS with fixed transmit power, restricting the IRS coefficients to {1,−1}. The results from our approach are numerically compared with existing optimization techniques.The key features of the linear system model under consideration include a Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) setup consisting of 4096 RIS elements arranged in a 64 × 64 element array; the distance from RIS to the access point measures 107 m. NLOS users are located around 40 m away from the RIS element and 100 m from the access point. The estimated variance of noise NC is 3.1614 × 10−20. The proposed algorithm provides an overall data rate of 126.89 (MBits/s) for Line of Sight and 66.093 (MBits/s) for Non Line of Sight (NLOS) wireless communication.
Modeling Trust in IoT Systems for Drinking-Water Management
Authors: Aiche Aicha , Tardif Pierre-Martin , Erritali Mohammed
Published: July 2024

This study focuses on trust within water-treatment IoT plants, examining the collaboration between IoT devices, control systems, and skilled personnel. The main aim is to assess the levels of trust between these different critical elements based on specific criteria and to emphasize that trust is neither bidirectional nor transitive. To this end, we have developed a synthetic database representing the critical elements in the system, taking into account characteristics such as accuracy, reliability, and experience. Using a mathematical model based on the (AHP), we calculated levels of trust between these critical elements, taking into account temporal dynamics and the non-bidirectional nature of trust. Our experiments included anomalous scenarios, such as sudden fluctuations in IoT device reliability and significant variations in staff experience. These variations were incorporated to assess the robustness of our approach. The trust levels obtained provide a detailed insight into the relationships between critical elements, enhancing our understanding of trust in the context of water-treatment plants.
Immunochromatographic Strip Based on Tetrahedral DNA Immunoprobe for the Detection of Aflatoxin B1 in Rice Bran Oil
Authors: Xu Lin , Qu Wenli , Hao Xiaotong , Fang Min , Yang Qing , Li Yuzhi , Gong Zhiyong , Li Peiwu
Published: July 2024

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a widespread contaminant in food and feeds, poses a threat to the health of animals and humans. Consequently, it is significant to develop a rapid, precise and highly sensitive analytical method for the detection of AFB1. Herein, we developed an immunochromatographic strip (ICS) based on a tetrahedral DNA (TDN) immunoprobe for AFB1 determination in rice bran oil. Three sizes of TDN immunoprobes (AuNP-TDN13bp-mAb, AuNP-TDN17bp-mAb, AuNP-TDN26bp-mAb) were constructed, and the performance of these three immunoprobes, including the effective antibody labeling density and immunoaffinity, was measured and compared with that of the immunoprobe (AuNP-mAb) developed using the physical adsorption method. Subsequently, the optimal TDN immunoprobe, namely AuNP-TDN13bp-mAb, was selected to prepare the immunochromatographic strip (ICS) for the qualitative and quantitative detection of AFB1 in rice bran oil. The visual limits of detection (vLODs) of the ICS based on AuNP-TDN13bp-mAb and AuNP-mAb were 0.2 ng/mL and 2 ng/mL, with scanning quantitative limits (sLOQs) of 0.13 ng/mL and 1.4 ng/mL, respectively. The ICS demonstrated a wide linear range from 0.02 ng/mL to 0.5 ng/mL, with good specificity, accuracy, precision, repeatability, and stability. Moreover, a high consistency was observed between the constructed ICS and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) in the quantification of AFB1. The results indicated that the introduction of TDN was beneficial for promoting efficient antibody labeling, protecting the bioactivity of immunoprobes, and increasing the sensitivity of detection, which would provide new perspectives for the achievement of the highly sensitive detection of mycotoxins.
Influence of EGCG (Epigallocatechin Gallate) on Physicochemical–Rheological Properties of Surimi Gel and Mechanism Based on Molecular Docking
Authors: Zhou Fengchao , Jiang Wenting , Tian Han , Wang Liuyun , Zhu Jiasi , Luo Wei , Liang Jie , Xiang Leiwen , Cai Xixi , Wang Shaoyun , Wu Qiming , Lin Honglai
Published: July 2024

The influence of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on the physicochemical–rheological properties of silver carp surimi gel was investigated. The gel strength, texture, water-holding capacity (WHC), dynamic distribution of water, and rheological properties of surimi gels added with different levels (0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.1%) of EGCG were measured. The results showed that with the increase of EGCG content, the gel strength, hardness, WHC, and immobilized water contents of surimi gels showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and EGCG 0.02% and EGCG 0.04% showed better gel performance as compared with the control. EGCG 0.02% had the highest gel strength (406.62 g·cm), hardness (356.67 g), WHC (64.37%), and immobilized water contents (98.958%). The gel performance decreased significantly when the amounts of EGCG were higher than 0.06%. The viscosity, G′, and G″ of the rheological properties also showed the same trends. The chemical interaction of surimi gels, secondary structure of myofibrillar protein (MP), and molecular docking results of EGCG and silver carp myosin showed that EGCG mainly affected the structure and aggregation behavior of silver carp myosin through non-covalent interactions such as those of hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and electrostatic interactions. The microstructures of EGCG 0.02% and EGCG 0.04% were compact and homogeneous, and had better gel formation ability. The lower concentrations of EGCG formed a large number of chemical interactions such as those of disulfide bonds and hydrophobic interactions inside the surimi gels by proper cross-linking with MP, and also increased the ordered β-sheet structure of MP, which facilitated the formation of the compact three-dimensional network gel.
Valorization of Taioba Products and By-Products: Focusing on Starch
Authors: de Paula de Almeida Duarte Samanta , Teixeira-Costa Bárbara E. , do Rosário Rosely Carvalho , Amante Edna Regina , Pires Márlia Barbosa , dos Santos Orquídea Vasconcelo
Published: July 2024

Unconventional food plants, popularized in Brazil as PANC, remain underutilized globally. In that sense, this study aims to explore the nutritional and functional properties of taioba (Xanthosoma sagittifolium), a plant with edible leaves and tubers, and to investigate its potential for industrial-scale application as a source of starch. A systematic review was carried out and meta-analysis following the PRISMA guidelines was conducted based on a random effects synthesis of multivariable-adjusted relative risks (RRs). The searches were carried out in seven search sources, among which were Web of Science, Elsevier’s Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, Springer Nature, Taylor & Francis, Hindawi, Scielo, ACS—American Chemical Society, and Google Scholar. The systematic review was guided by a systematic review protocol based on the POT strategy (Population, Outcome, and Types of studies), adapted for use in this research. Mendeley was a resource used for organization, to manage references, and to exclude duplicates of studies selected for review. The findings revealed that taioba leaves are abundant in essential nutrients, proteins, vitamins, and minerals. Additionally, the tubers offer rich starch content along with vitamins and minerals like iron, potassium, and calcium, making them an ideal substitute for conventional sources on an industrial scale. This research highlights the significance of studying the functionalities, applicability, and integration of this PANC in our diets, while also emphasizing its capability as a substitute for traditional starch varieties. Moreover, exploiting this plant’s potential adds value to Amazonian resources, reduces import costs, and diversifies resource utilization across multiple industrial sectors.
Comprehensive Analysis of Yoghurt Made with the Addition of Yellow Mealworm Powder (Tenebrio molitor)
Authors: Andrzejczyk Brygida , Łobacz Adriana , Ziajka Justyna , Lis Anna , Małkowska-Kowalczyk Monika
Published: July 2024

The study aimed to be able to incorporate mealworm powder into yoghurts to increase protein content. Tenebrio molitor is gaining popularity as an alternative protein source. In the face of a growing human population and the associated challenges of sustainable nutrition, mealworms offer a promising solution. The mealworm is distinguished by its high protein content and for being rich in essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals, making it a valuable component of diet. Among others, chemical composition, colour, texture, degree of syneresis, sensory analysis, and microbiological analysis were analysed. As expected, the addition of insect powder increased the protein content from 4.91% (0 TM) to 7.41% (5 TM). It also increased the fat content from 1.67% (0 TM) to 3.88% (5 TM). Furthermore, the addition of mealworm powder resulted in a significant change in the colour of the yoghurt to a darker colour, due to the dark brown colour of the powder. Food with added edible insects is increasingly available but is not always popular due to cultural and psychological barriers. Sensory analysis of yoghurts has shown that the more powder that is added, the less appealing the product becomes and the more bitter the taste.
Effects of Different Drying Methods on the Structural Characteristics and Multiple Bioactivities of Rosa roxburghii Tratt Fruit Polysaccharides
Authors: Zhang Qiuqiu , Wu Sha , Dai Qinghua , Hu Peng , Chen Guangjing
Published: July 2024

Drying conditions significantly impact the compositions and microstructures of polysaccharides, leading to various effects on their chemical characteristics and bioactivities. The objective of this study was to investigate how different industrial drying techniques, i.e., hot air drying, infrared drying, microwave vacuum drying, and freeze drying, affect the structural properties and biological activities of polysaccharides extracted from Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit (RRTP). Results revealed that these drying methods significantly altered the extraction yield, molecular weights, monosaccharide ratios, contents of uronic acid and total sugars, gelling properties, particle sizes, thermal stability, and microstructures of RRTPs. However, the monosaccharide composition and functional groups of polysaccharides remained consistent across the different drying techniques. Biological activity assays demonstrated that RRTPs, particularly those processed through microwave vacuum drying (MVD-RRTP), exhibited excellent anti-linoleic acid oxidation, robust anti-glycosylation effects, and significant α-glucosidase inhibition in vitro. The outcomes of this research demonstrate that microwave vacuum drying serves as an effective pre-extraction drying method for RRTPs, enhancing their biological activities. This technique is particularly advantageous for preparing RRTPs intended for use in functional foods and pharmaceuticals, optimizing their health-promoting properties for industrial applications.
Opening and Post-Rift Evolution of Alpine Tethys Passive Margins: Insights from 1D Numerical Modeling of the Jurassic Mikulov Formation in the Vienna Basin Region, Austria
Authors: Spahić Darko , Lee Eun Young , Šajnović Aleksandra , Stepić Rastimir
Published: July 2024

This study employed 1D numerical pseudo models to examine the Upper Jurassic carbonate succession, focusing on the Mikulov Formation in the Vienna Basin region. It addresses the protracted and complex history of the Jurassic source rock play, revealing a transition from rapid syn-rift (>200 m/Ma) to slower post-rift sedimentation/subsidence of the overlying layers during extensional deformation (up to 120 m/Ma with a thickness of 1300 m). This provides valuable insights into the rift-to-drift stage of the central Alpine Tethys margin. The Mikulov marls exhibit characteristics of a post-rift passive margin with slow sedimentation rates. However, a crustal stretching analysis using syn-rift heat flow sensitivity suggested that thermal extension of the basement alone cannot fully explain the mid-Jurassic syn-rift stage in this segment of the Alpine Tethys. The sensitivity analysis showed that the mid-late Jurassic differential syn-rift sequences were exposed to slightly cooler temperatures than the crustal stretching model predicted. Heat flow values below 120 mW/m2 aligned with measurements from deeply settled Mesozoic successions, suggesting cold but short gravity-driven subsidence. This may account for the relatively low thermal maturation of the primary source rock interval identified by the time-chart analysis, despite the complex tectonic history and considerable sedimentary burial. The post-Mesozoic changes in the compaction trend are possibly linked to the compressional thrusting of the Alpine foreland and postdating listric faulting across the Vienna Basin.
A Case Report and Review of the Literature of ICU Delirium
Authors: Brice Alejandro E. , Brice Roanne G.
Published: July 2024

This case report focuses on what patients and family members may experience when a neurological trauma transpires and resultant intensive care (ICU) delirium occurs. It is the personal account of the patient (A.B.) and spouse’s (R.G.B.) perspectives when the patient (A.B) suffered a vertebral artery aneurysm and hemorrhage and experienced intensive care unit (ICU) delirium after being in the ICU for 22 days. This case report provides the patient’s and spouse’s perspectives regarding delirium, i.e., A.B.’s inability to discern reality, loss of memory, paranoia and hallucinations, agency and recovery, post-ICU syndrome, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Clinical diagnosis by the neurosurgeon indicated delirium, with treatment consisting of sleep sedation and uninterrupted sleep. A.B. was able to regain consciousness yet experienced post-traumatic stress disorder up to one year afterward. Consistent family participation in the patient’s delirium care is crucial. Family member care and family-centered strategies are provided with implications for future research and health care.
Cybernetic Principles in Psychophysiology: Their Significance and Conclusions for Palliative Care
Authors: Brinkers Michael , Pfau Giselher , Thielmann Beatrice , Böckelmann Irina
Published: July 2024

Palliative care is dedicated to terminally ill patients with advanced disease, regardless of diagnosis, under the overarching premise of optimizing quality of life. This narrative review examines the extent to which principles of cybernetics and psychophysiology underlie this approach. Psychophysiology researches the physiological equivalents of psychological states and traits such as activation and individual reactivity, the interoception and the personal characteristics. Cybernetics specifies these principles, which are possible by understanding terms such as “psychophysiology” or “cybernetics” or “self-organization/autopoiesis”. The meaning of these terms for palliative care can also be elucidated in relation to the terms “biofeedback”, “consciousness”, “pain”, and “anxiety”. The common themes of cybernetics and psychophysiology are environment, subjectivity, personality characteristics, the difference between time scale separation in cybernetic systems, and real-time procedures in environment and rhythm. These lead to special therapies based on psychophysiology, such as consciousness training. The concepts of quality of life, causality, the biopsychosocial model, therapy, and autonomy are examined as palliative care concepts. The equivalents can be described from the perspective of cybernetics. For some palliative care-related terms, cybernetic thinking is already present (quality of life, autonomy, symptom control), while for others, it is not (biopsychosocial). Cybernetic terms (complexity, stability, identity, rhythm) are still used to a lesser extent in palliative care. Terms like genetic basis are common in cybernetics and psychophysiology to explain the identity of the subject in transition. Identity, on the other hand, is the basis of the concept of dignity in palliative care. Psychophysiology investigates disturbances like pain and psychological illnesses, which are also present in palliative care. Psychophysiology, cybernetics, and palliative care have subjectivity and resources in common. Therapies based on cybernetic principles of psychophysiology can also be used for symptom control in palliative care in the oncology setting.
Racial Disparities in Bowel Preparation and Post-Operative Outcomes in Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Hernandez Alexandra E. , Meece Matthew , Benck Kelley , Bello Gianna , Huerta Carlos Theodore , Collie Brianna L. , Nguyen Jennifer , Paluvoi Nivedh
Published: July 2024

Background: Combined pre-operative bowel preparation with oral antibiotics (OAB) and mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) is the current recommendation for elective colorectal surgery. Few have studied racial disparities in bowel preparation and subsequent post-operative complications. Methods: This retrospective cohort study used 2015–2021 ACS-NSQIP-targeted data for elective colectomy for colon cancer. Multivariate regression evaluated predictors of post-operative outcomes: post-operative ileus, anastomotic leak, surgical site infection (SSI), operative time, and hospital length of stay (LOS). Results: 72,886 patients were evaluated with 82.1% White, 11.1% Black, and 6.8% Asian or Asian Pacific Islander (AAPI); 4.2% were Hispanic and 51.4% male. Regression accounting for age, sex, ASA classification, comorbidities, and operative approach showed Black, AAPI, and Hispanic patients were more likely to have had no bowel preparation compared to White patients receiving MBP+OAB. Compared to White patients, Black and AAPI patients had higher odds of prolonged LOS and pro-longed operative time. Black patients had higher odds of post-operative ileus. Conclusions: Racial disparities exist in both bowel preparation administration and post-operative complications despite the method of bowel preparation. This warrants exploration into discriminatory bowel preparation practices and potential differences in the efficacy of bowel preparation in specific populations due to biological or social differences, which may affect outcomes. Our study is limited by its use of a large database that lacks socioeconomic variables and patient data beyond 30 days.
Double-Heading Produces Larger Fruit via Inhibiting EjFWLs Expression and Promoting Cell Division at the Early Stage of Loquat Fruit Development
Authors: Su Wenbing , Deng Chaojun , Wei Weilin , Chen Xiuping , Lin Han , Chen Yongping , Xu Qizhi , Tong Zhihong , Zheng Shaoquan , Jiang Jimou
Published: July 2024

Loquat is an evergreen fruit crop which blooms from autumn–winter, and supports human beings with juicy fruit from late spring to early summer. However, the most traditional cultivars of this crop produce small fruit and bear a much lower yield than its relatives like apple, pear and peach. Large-size cultivars have long been a cherished aim of breeders for improving the production yield of loquat. Agronomic practices like panicle thinning, fruit thinning, growth regulator application, fertilization and so on are easier and more accessible ways for growers to produce large-size loquat fruit on existing production trees. Here, we develop a novel pruning method with an annual double back-cut, which provides vigorous shoot with more leaves and thicker branches for bearing much larger loquat fruit. Cellular observation determined that the vigorous shoot training method motivated cell division to produce larger loquat fruit, and that most of these cell layers were proliferated before the appearance of flower blossoms. Gene expression data of four development stages showed that EjFWL1 and EjFWL2 were notably downregulated in flower buds of the vigorously pruned tree. The data here further confirmed that the cell division capacity during flower development greatly influenced both the flower and fruit size of loquat. More importantly, we developed a novel pruning method to inhibit cell division repressors, promote cell proliferation and enlarge fruit size in loquat.
Genome-Wide Analysis of the TIFY Gene Family in Three Cymbidium Species and Its Response to Heat Stress in Cymbidium goeringii
Authors: Zhang Meng-Meng , He Xin , Huang Ye , Zheng Qinyao , Zhao Xuewei , Wang Linying , Liu Zhong-Jian , Lan Siren
Published: July 2024

The TIFY family is a plant-specific gene family that is involved in regulating a variety of plant processes, including developmental and defense responses. The Cymbidium species have certain ornamental and ecological value. However, the characteristics and functions of TIFY genes in Cymbidium remain poorly understood. This study conducted a genome analysis of the TIFY gene family in Cymbidium goeringii, C. ensifolium, and C. sinense and investigated their physicochemical properties, phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, and expression patterns under heat stress in C. goeringii. C. goeringii (26), C. ensifolium (19), and C. sinense (21). A total of 66 TIFY genes were identified, and they were classified into four subfamilies (JAZ, ZML, PPD, and TIFY) based on their systematic evolutionary relationships. Sequence analysis showed that TIFYs contained a conserved TIFY domain and that genes within the same subfamily had structural similarity. Analysis of cis-regulatory elements revealed that these genes contain numerous light-responsive elements and stress-responsive elements. We subjected C. goeringii (16 h light/8 h dark) to 24 h of 38 °C high-temperature stress in a climate chamber. Additionally, results from RT-qPCR experiments showed that under heat stress, the expression levels of eight genes in C. goeringii show significant differences. Among them, the JAZ subfamily exhibited the strongest response to heat stress, initially showing upregulation followed by a downregulation trend. In conclusion, this study investigated the role of TIFY genes in three Cymbidium species, providing insights into C. goeringii under heat stress.
The Production of Useful Phenol Compounds with Antioxidant Potential in Gametophytes and Sporophytes from In Vitro Cultures in Four Ornamental Ferns Species
Authors: Mitoi Elena Monica , Aldea Florentina , Helepciuc Florența Elena , Ciocan Alexandra-Gabriela , Frum Adina , Popescu Diana Ionela , Luțu Oana Alexandra , Șuțan Nicoleta Anca , Soare Liliana Cristina
Published: July 2024

Ferns are vascular plants with significant ornamental value, and in recent years, they have also been considered for the potential application in different economic sectors like nutrition, medicine and cosmetics. This study aimed to obtain in vitro fern gametophytes and sporophytes and evaluate their potential as secondary metabolites sources. For this study four fern species were used: Polypodium vulgare L. (PV), Asplenium trichomanes L. (AT), Athyrium filix-femina L. Roth (AF), and Osmunda regalis L. (OR). The polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins and terpenoids content and antioxidant activity were estimated by different colorimetric methods. For metabolite identification and their antioxidant activity, HP-TLC separations were used. Also, quantitative HPLC–DAD analysis was performed to estimate the content of certain metabolites. The results showed that in vitro generation of gametophytes registered higher growth rates in OR, PV, and AF, while the regeneration of sporophytes was better for PV, AT, and AF. The OR gametophyte produced the highest quantities in all analyzed metabolite classes and also had the highest antioxidant values. We report for the first time the presence of metabolites such as catechin, caffeic acid, gallic acid, ferulic acid, cinnamic acid, or rutin in OR. In this study, we demonstrated the possibility of producing potent antioxidant metabolites by in vitro cultures in ferns.
Microbial Biostimulants and Seaweed Extract Synergistically Influence Seedling Growth and Morphology of Three Onion Cultivars
Authors: Zhang Qianwen , Masabni Joseph , Niu Genhua
Published: July 2024

Onion (Allium cepa L.), a globally cultivated vegetable crop, possesses a shallow root system, making it vulnerable to abiotic stresses. The increasing frequency of extreme weather events in recent years necessitates sustainable solutions to enhance onion growth. Biostimulants offer a promising and accessible approach to promote onion growth and quality in an environmentally friendly and sustainable manner. This study investigated the effects of nine commercial microbial biostimulants (LALRISE Mycorrhizae, LALRISE Bacillus, Mighty Mycorrhizae, MycoApply, Spectrum DS, Spectrum Myco, Spectrum, Tribus Original, and Tribus Continuum) and one non-microbial commercial biostimulant (Kelpak—seaweed extract) on the seedling growth of three onion cultivars: Carta Blanca (white), Don Victoro (yellow), and Sofire (red). The results indicated that biostimulants did not significantly affect onion seed germination, but germination rates did vary among the onion cultivars. These cultivars also exhibited significant morphological and biomass differences, with principal component analysis revealing a more obvious effect on root growth compared to shoot growth. Kelpak seaweed extract increased the plant height, leaf area, and shoot fresh weight and dry weight of onion seedlings but decreased the root-to-shoot dry-weight ratio. The effects of microbial biostimulants on onion seedling growth depended on both the onion cultivar and Kelpak seaweed extract. In general, LALRISE Mycorrhizae, Mighty Mycorrhizae, Spectrum Myco, Spectrum DS, and Tribus Continuum exhibited positive effects on seedling growth in certain onion cultivars. Furthermore, the benefits of microbial biostimulants were amplified when combined with Kelpak seaweed extract application. These findings suggest a synergistic interaction between microbial and non-microbial biostimulants, leading to enhanced onion seedling growth. Further research is required to evaluate the long-term effects of these biostimulants on onion plant growth after transplanting to fields.
Predicting Blooming Day of Cut Lily through Wavelength Reflectance Analysis
Authors: Kim Siae , Lee Aekyung
Published: July 2024

Domestic export cut lily flowers are expensive in Japan when they are in bud state that has not yet bloomed and when no leaf yellowing has occurred. Predicting the blooming day of domestic cut lily flowers is essential to increase their commodity value. Thermal imaging, spectroscopic technologies, and hyperspectral cameras have recently been used for quality prediction. This study uses a hyperspectral camera, reflectance of wavelength, and a support vector machine (SVM) to evaluate the predictability of blooming days of cut lily flowers. While examining spectra at wavelengths of 750–900 nm associated with pollination, the resultant reflectance was over 75% during six to four days before blooming and 30% on a blooming day, indicating a decline in their reflectance toward blooming. Furthermore, SVM classification models based on kernel function revealed that the quadratic SVM had the highest accuracy at 84.4%, while the coarse Gaussian SVM had the lowest accuracy at 34.4%. The most crucial wavelength for the quadratic SVM was 842.3 nm, which was associated with water. The quadratic SVM’s accuracy, verified using the area under the curve (ACU), was above 0.8, showing suitability for spectral classification based on blooming day prediction. Thus, this study shows that hyperspectral imaging can classify spectra based on the blooming day, indicating its potential to predict the blooming day, vase life, and quality of cut lily flowers.