bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vertical Position is Associated with Construal Level and Psychological Distance
Authors: Nussinson Ravit , Elias Yaron , Yosef-Nitzan Einat , Mentser Sari , Zadka Maya , Weinstein Zohar , Liberman Nira
Published: October 2021

Recent findings suggest that stimulus construal level (high vs. low) is mentally associated with its vertical position (up vs. down). We delve deeper into this association and its meanings, and examine, for the first time, its complementary association, that of stimulus psychological distance (distant vs. close) and its vertical position (up vs. down). In Study 1 and 2 goals of activities were positioned higher than the means of performing them and were perceived as more compatible with a spatially higher viewpoint. In Study 3, self-perceptions were more invariant when items were presented at the top (vs. the bottom) of a visual display. In Study 4, participants positioned imagination-related concepts above reality-related concepts. In Study 5, participants provided more distant time estimates for scenarios presented at the top (vs. the bottom) of a display. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Subjectivity of the European Union ‒ between Atlanticism and Eurocentrism
Authors:   Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gromyko Alexey
Published: October 2021

In the centre of the study ‒ the contemporary discourse on the subjectivity of the European Union, conducted by euro-atlantists and euro-autonomists in the field of both conceptual and applied issues. We witness a collision of two views about a desirable type of the EU’s identity as a part of the revived Western-centric world or as a moderate Eurocentrism. A significant attention is paid to the principle of strategic autonomy and the role of Germany and France in its implementation. The subjectivity of the EU is treated as a multi-speed process, intrinsic to the history of the European integration. The author explores the Eurocentric tendencies in the military-political sphere including deliberations on the primary deterrence. The EU’s aspirations towards digital and trade sovereignty are highlighted drawing examples of the JCAP and Nord Stream 2. The article demonstrates that J. Biden’s victory in the presidential election in November 2020 has not reduced the EU ‒ US contradictions on a range of important issues. The recent events in Afghanistan and the signing of AUKUS have become a stark reminder that the principle of strategic autonomy of the EU should be treated by Brussels as the basis for the common security and defense policy.
COVID-19 Shock: EU Member’s Social Policy
Authors:   Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University R.E. Alekseev, Egorov Aleksandr , Petrovsky Alexandr ,   Dzerzhinsky branch of the Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University R.E. Alekseev
Published: October 2021

The article analyzes social policies implemented by the European Union member states during the initial period of the coronavirus pandemic. Despite the fact that the whole region faced the same universal threat, the supranational level of decision-making and implementation was practically paralyzed in the European Union at this period. Each member state of the EU had to transform social policies in an attempt to combat spread of the pandemic and mitigate its consequences. Nevertheless, exclusions of essential civil and human rights made to strengthen anti-COVID measures turned out to be major fault lines in the relationship between society and governments.It became evident that the main attention of the state authorities was paid to measures in the field of social (physical) distancing, restrictions in the activities of educational establishments, ensuring access to health services, providing assistance to socially vulnerable groups of the population, including the elderly, the disabled, and the homeless. The authors explore different approaches implemented throughout EU to tackle social and medicalissues created by coronavirus.The main obstacles such as lack of essential resources, including the necessary medical equipment and their causes are highlighted. It is concluded that the European Union member states have not found an optimal response in the social field when they confronted the challenge of the coronavirus pandemic.
Spain in a Multidimensional Crisis: a Social Projection of Demographic Trends
Authors:   Institute of Latin American Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ermolieva Eleonora , Kudeyarova Nadezhda ,   Institute of Latin American Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2021

The socio-economic situation in modern Spain is complex in many aspects, which makes it possible to characterize the current state of affairs as a multidimensional crisis. The Spanish case shows the interconnection of demographic processes with structurally complicated social phenomena. An overview of the demographic decline and birth rate drop is examined, as well as the plight of young Spaniards as a result of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic is given. The article also explores the problems of elder generation going through difficult times. On the basis of statistical data, the authors analyze the medium term prospects in the dynamics of population panorama, examine the impact of the migration factor, and show how the changing age structure and its attendant consequences pose an ever-wider range of issues for society, concerning both the younger generation and other age groups. From the perspective of demographic transformations, the article observes the situation in the pension sector, in light of the fact that Spain is one of the rapidly aging countries. The methodological approach used by the authors for a comprehensive analysis of demographic and socio-economic problems makes it possible to identify a range of interrelationships between the most important pillars of the Spanish social model.
Eternal Allies and Non-Permanent Interests: Pendulum of New Populism in Republic of Moldova
Authors:   Institute of SocioPolitical Research – Branch of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Velikaya Natalia , Tatarov Roman ,   Pridnestrovian State University
Published: October 2021

The article outlines the main populist political parties of the Republic of Moldova, the main reasons for their appearance and socio-political factors that determined the content of the populist discourse in the post-Soviet period. Firstly, the phenomenon of new populism in Moldova arises from the high involvement of external players in its internal political life, who often associate themselves with the Moldovan political forces, acting as their constant allies. Secondly, the political forces of Moldova are characterized by impermanence of interests, which under the influence of external forces are able to transform, sometimes taking cardinal forms. Considering populist rhetoric and technologies as the main resource of political actors in conditions of uncertainty, the authors assess parties on both the right and left sides of the political spectrum. It is highlighted that the dominant themes of populist discourse in modern Moldova are the following: the opposition of the European integration model to the alternative movement for closer cooperation with Russia, the traditional left-wing opposition to liberal constructs in the economic sphere, and the problem of corruption. It is concluded that populist rhetoric may expand in the coming years and that a number of populist parties will consolidate on both the left and right flanks of the political spectrum. Populist rhetoric is presented in one way or another in almost all political parties, but the real populist forces will not enter the political establishment and will remain non-majoritarian.
The Orthodox Church, Elections and Protests in Belarus
Authors:   Polotsk State University, Mudrov Sergey
Published: October 2021

The article analyzes the attitudes of the Belarussian Orthodox Church towards the election and the protest movement in Belarus. The 2020 presidential election, where A. Lukashenko's victory was declared with more than 80% of the popular vote, caused a mixed reaction in the Belarussian society. The mass protests occurred in the country; during the suppression of these protests, the facts of violence and cruelty on the part of the national security forces were recorded. The Belarusian Orthodox Church, being the most numerous religious organisation in Belarus, preferred in general to stay away from the political turmoil. None the less, some priests publicly expressed their political preferences; they also spoke about the need for fair elections and the inadmissibility of cruelty and violence. In the first weeks after the election, the Church chose the path of peacemaking, calling for an end to the violence, as well as providing active help to the victims. It is outlined that the actions and words of the representatives of the Belarusian Orthodox Church proceeded from the understanding that the mission of the Church is of a spiritual and social nature, while the political and ideological component cannot and should not have a priority character in this mission
The Coronavirus Crisis versus Social and Market Economy of Germany
Authors:   Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences, Belov Vladislav
Published: October 2021

The coronavirus crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant negative impact on all aspects of the German social market economy. For the first time in history, the crisis was caused by factors of a non-economic nature. They manifested themselves in all economies of the world, including Europe. Since March 2020, the federal and state executive authorities of Germany, along with the introduction of restrictive measures for the population and business, have adopted several large-scale economic and political programmes aimed at preventing bankruptcies of economic entities, preserving jobs and social stability in the country. Along with short-term instruments designed to stop the decline in GDP and give impetus to its growth, the German state pursued an active and coordinated with Brussels structural policy aimed at ensuring an energy and digital transition to a climate-neutral economy, including the overcoming the deficits and problems revealed by the pandemic in the country's economy. To this end, Berlin abandoned the budget surplus policy and switched to large-scale external borrowing to finance programmes to bring economy out of the crisis. The author analyzes the results of the impact of the coronavirus crisis on the economic space of Germany, including aspects of its stress resistance and competitiveness, explores the effectiveness of state policy to counter crisis and assesses the prospects for the development of Russia's leading foreign economic partner in the west of the Eurasian continent.
Hydrogen Strategies of the Largest European Energy Companies
Authors:   Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kopytin Ivan , Popadko Artem ,   Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2021

The article outlines strategies of the largest European energy companies in the context of the EU climate policy aiming to accelerate the transition to a low carbon paradigm of development. For European oil and gas companies, the development of clean hydrogen projects is a natural policy since oil processing is the largest final consumer of hydrogen. Opportunities to increase production of new low-carbon energy sources are critical for European energy companies. It is concluded that hydrogen energy in Europe is developing in accordance with the algorithm previously applied in the sector of green renewable electricity. The driver of hydrogen projects is the political choice of the EU in favor of the green economy and decarbonization. Relatively high production costs allow companies to develop green hydrogen projects only relying on government support and large-scale subsidies from national and European budgets.
Prior Acoustic Trauma Alters Type II Afferent Activity in the Mouse Cochlea
Authors: Nowak Nathaniel , Wood Megan Beers , Glowatzki Elisabeth , Fuchs Paul Albert
Published: October 2021

Auditory stimuli travel from the cochlea to the brainstem through type I and type II cochlear afferents. While type I afferents convey information about the frequency, intensity, and timing of sounds, the role of type II afferents remains unresolved. Limited recordings of type II afferents from cochlear apex of prehearing rats reveal they are activated by widespread outer hair cell stimulation, ATP, and by the rupture of nearby outer hair cells. Altogether, these lines of evidence suggest that type II afferents sense loud, potentially damaging levels of sound. To explore this hypothesis further, calcium imaging was used to determine the impact of acoustic trauma on the activity of type II cochlear afferents of young adult mice of both sexes. Two known marker genes (Th,Drd2) and one new marker gene (Tac1), expressed in type II afferents and some other cochlear cell types, drove GCaMP6f expression to reveal calcium transients in response to focal damage in the organ of Corti in all turns of the cochlea. Mature type II afferents responded to acute photoablation damage less often but at greater length compared with prehearing neurons. In addition, days after acoustic trauma, acute photoablation triggered a novel response pattern in type II afferents and surrounding epithelial cells, delayed bursts of activity occurring minutes after the initial response subsided. Overall, calcium imaging can report type II afferent responses to damage even in mature and noise-exposed animals and reveals previously unknown tissue hyperactivity subsequent to acoustic trauma.
Justinian’s Frankish War, 552–ca. 560
Authors: Lin Sihong
Published: October 2021

This article analyzes the aftermath of the Gothic War in northern Italy, particularly the battles between Eastern Roman and Frankish forces. While the initial clashes in 553–54 are well-recorded, only fragmentary information survives for the following years. Justinian’s Frankish War, for lack of a better description, can nonetheless be chronicled if we turn to texts that have rarely been discussed together. By focusing on the sources for the reigns of King Childebert I of Paris (511–58) and King Chlothar I of Soissons (511–61), it is possible to discern how their domestic priorities in Gaul were influenced by their differing relationships with Constantinople. Similarly, the letters of Pope Pelagius I (556–61) are an untapped resource for the empire’s ongoing conflict with the Franks, as his correspondence with Childebert’s kingdom, although largely concerned with the contemporary Three Chapters controversy, nonetheless suggests that the papacy had attempted to ameliorate the damage wrought by Frankish forces in Italy. As a result, although a detailed narrative of the Frankish War cannot be written today, it remains possible to trace the diplomatic and political aspects of the war in Italy and the Merovingian kingdoms. Far from an epilogue to the long-running Gothic War, Justinian’s war with the Franks in the 550s was a significant conflict in its own right, and its consequences need to be examined through a Mediterranean-wide perspective.
Between the Lines
Authors: Moss Candida R.
Published: October 2021

Recent scholarship on writing and literacy in the Roman world has been attentive to the role of enslaved literate workers in the production of texts. Yet when it comes to evaluating the potential contributions of enslaved laborers we find ourselves at an impasse. How can we identify changes that an enslaved writer might have introduced? How could we assume that any element of the text comes from a secretary rather than the slaveholding “author”? And if enslaved secretaries were at liberty to make changes to a text, how would we recognize these alterations? Utilizing the method of critical fabulation and revisions to a particular literary fragment (P. Berol. 11632) as a test-case, this article explores the range of collaborative possibilities that can account for textual revisions and asks what difference it might make to view such changes as the product of enslaved workers and their experience.
Filamin A and parafibromin expression in parathyroid carcinoma
Authors: Storvall Sara , Leijon Helena , Ryhänen Eeva M , Vesterinen Tiina , Heiskanen Ilkka , Schalin-Jäntti Camilla , Arola Johanna
Published: October 2021

Objective

Parathyroid carcinoma (PC), atypical parathyroid tumours (APT) and parathyroid adenoma (PA), all present with hypercalcemia. Diminished calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) expression is reported in PC but is rare in benign tumours. Filamin A (FLNA) binds to the CaSR and activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway. FLNA is related to tumour aggressiveness in several cancers, but its role in parathyroid neoplasia is unknown.

Design

We examined FLNA, CaSR and parafibromin expression in PCs (n = 32), APTs (n = 44) and PAs (n = 77) and investigated their potential as diagnostic and/or prognostic markers.

Methods

Tissue microarray slides were immunohistochemically stained with antibodies for FLNA, CaSR and parafibromin. Staining results were correlated with detailed clinical data.

Results

All tumours stained positively for CaSR, with two tumours (one PC and one APT) showing diminished expression. Carcinomas were characterized by increased cytoplasmic FLNA expression compared to APTs and PAs (P  = 0.004). FLNA expression was not correlated with Ki-67 proliferation index or loss of parafibromin expression. Cytoplasmic FLNA expression was also associated with higher serum calcium, PTH concentrations and male sex (P  = 0.014, P  = 0.017 and P  = 0.049 respectively). Using a combined marker score, we found that parathyroid tumours with low FLNA expression and positive parafibromin staining were extremely likely to be benign (P  < 0.001).

Conclusion

Cytoplasmic and membranous FLNA expression is increased in parathyroid carcinomas compared to benign tumours. A combined FLNA and parafibromin expression score shows potential as a prognostic predictor of indolent behaviour in parathyroid neoplasms.
deseo como emplazamiento geográfico en Pasión y muerte del cura Deusto de Augusto d’Halmar
Authors: Aros Legrand Pablo
Published: October 2021

Esta investigación tiene por objeto el análisis de la novela Pasión y muerte del cura Deusto (1924) del escritor chileno Augusto D’Halmar (1882-1950), primer Premio Nacional de Literatura. Específicamente, se pretende evaluar la relación entre el deseo homoerótico y la ciudad de Sevilla con el fin de reflejar el contraste entre la mirada del local frente a la del extranjero y, también, como forma de enmarcar una de las primeras historias escritas en español de temática homoerótica. Así, se buscará dar respuesta a los siguientes interrogantes: i) ¿qué función cumplen la ciudad de Sevilla y sus ritos dentro del tema y desarrollo de la novela?, ii) ¿cómo se conforma la idea de emplazamiento del deseo?
Metodológicamente, el presente trabajo será abordado desde los estudios culturales para destacar la relación entre deseo y ciudad, atendiendo a los postulados de autores como Severo Sarduy, Fernando Aínsa o Michel Foucault, entre otros.
Historia, experiencia y exilio: el proyecto literario del escritor chileno Carlos Droguett
Authors: Vidal Barría Cristian
Published: October 2021

Los avatares históricos y políticos que debió sortear el escritor chileno Carlos Droguett fueron determinantes para la creación de su obra literaria y de una poética particular signada por una escritura violenta y un tono iracundo. Sin embargo, afirmar tajantemente que su obra literaria mantiene referencia directa con los hechos históricos que representa en sus novelas, como se ha hecho desde cierta crítica literaria, no resulta del todo cierto. En este artículo se analiza el modo en que las diversas experiencias históricas que enfrenta el escritor, como es la llamada Masacre del Seguro Obrero ocurrida en 1938, el Golpe de Estado de 1973 o el exilio en Suiza impactan en el escritor y en la manera que enfrentará, y confrontará, al discurso histórico en su proyecto literario.
reina en estado: Leonor de Castilla (1241-1290). Perspectiva historiográfica y aproximación a su estudio
Authors: Bergaz Alvarez Andrea
Published: October 2021

Este artículo pretende llevar a cabo un primer estado de la cuestión en español sobre los embarazos y partos de una reina castellana de Inglaterra: Leonor de Castilla (1240-1291). En primer lugar, se presenta al personaje, remarcándose la importancia que tuvieron la maternidad y su rol como “proveedora de herederos” en su vida política y en su recuerdo. Sorprendentemente —aunque en consonancia con los estudios historiográficos generales sobre el personaje—, los trabajos sobre la primera etapa de la maternidad de esta reina se revelan escasos, limitados y con carencias, algo en lo que sin duda han influido las dificultades que plantean las fuentes primarias directas para el conocimiento del personaje. En este artículo se presentan algunas fuentes generales que otros historiadores han manejado desde diversas perspectivas por sus posibilidades y potencial, valorándose de qué modo podrían ayudar al conocimiento de la reginalidad de Leonor de Castilla.
Rapid growth of spinal epidural capillary hemangioma associated with isolated intraosseous lesion at the same level: A case report
Authors: Doi Kazuma , Ohara Yukoh , Hara Takeshi , Iwamuro Hirokazu , Miyagawa Kei , Kobayashi Nozomu , Sato Tatsuya , Okuda Takatoshi , Nojiri Hidetoshi , Mizuno Junichi , Dezawa Akira
Published: October 2021

A 47-year-old man presented with a spinal epidural capillary hemangioma manifesting as a 6-month history of worsening low back pain and lower limb pain. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at a previous hospital showed intraosseous abnormal signals and an epidural lesion at the L3 level. One month later, MRI revealed rapid growth of the epidural lesion. Total resection of the epidural tumor and partial removal of the intraosseous tumor were performed. Macroscopically, the intraosseous lesion and epidural lesion seemed to be isolated from each other. Histopathological diagnosis was consistent with capillary hemangioma. Spinal epidural capillary hemangioma sometimes recurs via underlying arteriovenous anastomosis. Progressive clinical symptoms, as seen in our case, indicate the possibility of tumor growth even if the lesions are well demarcated, which suggests of benign tumor. Spinal epidural capillary hemangioma in addition to metastatic spinal tumors should be considered in the differential diagnosis of spinal epidural tumors associated with intraosseous lesions.
On morphological variability of some species of pennate (Bacillariophyta) from the reservoirs of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant exclusion zone (Ukraine)
Authors:   I.D. Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters of RAS, Settle Borok, Nekouz District, Yaroslavl Region 152742, Russia, Genkal S.I. , Shcherbak V.I. ,   IInstitute of Hydrobiology of the NAS of Ukraine, 12 Prosp. Geroev Stalingrada, Kyiv 04210, Ukraine, Semenyuk N.Ye. ,   IInstitute of Hydrobiology of the NAS of Ukraine, 12 Prosp. Geroev Stalingrada, Kyiv 04210, Ukraine
Published: October 2021

This scanning electron microscopy study of the morphology of pennate diatoms (Achnanthidium eutrophilum (Lange-Bertalot) Lange-Bertalot, Aneumastis stroesei Mann et Stickle, Gomphonema italicum Kützing, G. pala Reichardt, G. vibrio Ehrenberg, Punctastriata ovalis Williams et Round) from phytoperiphytic communities in the cooling pond of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant and natural lakes of the Exclusion Zone (Glyboke and Daleke lakes) has revealed a higher variability in quantitative characteristics (valve length and width, number of striae in 10 µm). At the same time, no variability of qualitative features (shape of valve, axial and central area, raphe and striae arrangement) has been observed in these species. In A. eutrophilum, the number of striae in 10 µm differ from the published data, in A. stroesei – the valve length, in G. pala, G. vibrio and P. ovalis – the valve length and width. The range of variation in the number of striae in 10 µm in G. pala and the valve length and the number of striae in 10 µm in A. stroesei and G. italicum disagree with the literature data. The first electron micrographs of the inner surface of the valve and the corresponding data on its morphology are obtained for A. eutrophilum, A. stroesei, G. italicum, G. pala and G. vibrio.
Epipelic and epipsammic microalgae responses to environmental parameters: the Black Sea case study (the Gulf of Odesa, Ukraine)
Authors:   Institute of Marine Biology NAS of Ukraine, Pushkinska Str., 37, Odesa 65048, Ukraine, Snigirova A.O. , Silantyev S.O. ,   Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Road West, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK, Goncharov O.Yu. ,   Ukrainian Scientific Center of Ecology of the Sea, Frantsuzsky Blvd., 89, Odesa 65009, Ukraine, Koshelev O.V. ,   Institute of Marine Biology NAS of Ukraine, Pushkinska Str., 37, Odesa 65048, Ukraine
Published: October 2021

In spite of relatively frequent studies of the influence of environmental parameters on the microalgae communities, the processes that occur in the sandy littoral in the Black Sea region seeks for additional research. The aim of this paper was to range the environmental factors in relation to algal sandy communities and show the interaction between microalgae abundance and 14 environmental factors during field multifactoral experiment: 5 parameters describing sand grain composition, nutrients, temperature and salinity of water, hydrodynamics and water toxicity. The species composition of epipelic and epipsammic microalgae and their distribution in different habitats in summer and autumn periods were analysed. The priority factor for psammon algal community in any season is size of sand grains and siliceous oxide. Other variables depend on the season: while in summer, mineral nitrogen (nitrates and nitrites) effects the microphytes more intensively than others, in autumn it is replaced by organic nitrogen and silty fraction.
Composition and distribution of macrophytobenthos near the coast of Tarkhankut Peninsula (The Black Sea, Crimea)
Authors:   Nikitsky Botanical Gardens – National Scientific Center, vil. Nikita, Yalta 98648, Crimea, Sadogurskiy S.Yu. , Sadogurska S.O. ,   Nikitsky Botanical Gardens – National Scientific Center, vil. Nikita, Yalta 98648, Crimea, Belich T.V.
Published: October 2021

The data on the composition and distribution of macrophytobenthos of marine and lagoon water areas of the Black Sea coastal zone in the west of the Tarkhankut Peninsula in the summer season are presented. It is shown that the occurrence and general characteristics of the vegetation cover are determined by the type of substrate. In the sea (where hydrological conditions are relatively homogeneous), the ratio of ecological-floristic groups and the species composition change with distance from the coast and along with it, depending on the depth and geomorphological features of coastal zone fragments. In the lagoon, the ratio of such groups changes along the complex gradient of environmental factors, formed by the groundwater runoff of fresh and marine waters. Within the surveyed area, 91 species of macrophytes were registered: Tracheophyta – 1 species (1.1%), Chlorophyta – 23 (25.3%), Ochrophyta (Phaeophyceae) – 21 (23.1%), and Rhodophyta – 46 (50.5%). Of these, 87 species were recorded in the sea (including 44 in the pseudolittoral zone and 81 – in the sublittoral zone). The macrophytobenthos has a pronounced marine oligosaprobic character. Short-vegetation Rhodophyta dominate by the number of species, and perennial Phaeophyceae dominate by biomass, reaching 1 kg∙m-2 in the pseudolittoral and almost 7 kg∙m-2 in the sublittoral. In the lagoon, 18 species of macrophytes were registered (4 exclusively in the lagoon). Mesosaprobic short-vegetation Rhodophyta dominate by the number of species; marine and brackish-water macrophytes are equally represented. Polysaprobic perennial Tracheophyta, which belong to the marine group, dominate by biomass, which is ranging from 0.04 to 1.2 kg∙m-2. It was found that at the time of the research, the macrophytobenthos of the surveyed area was characterized by high productivity, high species, and coenotic diversity. There were taxa and biotopes, which are subject to special protection under regional and international programs. In general, the nature of the vegetation, the composition of the flora and the ratio of the main ecological-floristic indicators corresponded to those indicated for the Tarkhankut-Sevastopol hydrobotanical region of the Black Sea. Considering the sozological value, the aquatic component of the territorial-aquatic complex was recommended for conservation and inclusion in the ecological networks (incl. the Emerald Network). The increased anthropogenic pressure and the threat of the coastal zone transformation actualize the problem of its conservation as one of the key reserves of the floristic and biotopic diversity of coastal-marine areas in the Northern Black Sea region.
18b-glycyrrhetinic acid increases blood pressure in rats through the action on myoendothelial gap junctions
Authors:   SI “Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”, Kyiv, Ukraine, Khromov A.S. , Dobrelia N.V. ,   SI “Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”, Kyiv, Ukraine, Ivanova I.V. ,   SI “Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”, Kyiv, Ukraine, Soloviev A.I. ,   SI “Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: October 2021

18b-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid found in the roots of licorice plants (Glycyrrhiza glabra), posseses high biological activity, including anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. Additionally, it effectively blocks myoendothelial gap junctions. Our experiments on adult Wistar rats have shown that GA administration via gavage in the dose 0.015 g per 100 g of body weight caused a significant increase in arterial blood pressure measured both invasively and non-invasively as early as on the 7th day after beginning of the treatment. Further administration of GA up to 21 days did not change blood pressure significantly. Thoracic aortic rings obtained from GA-treated animals demonstrated a decreased ability to relax in response to acetylcholine (ACh): the maximal dilatory response and the sensitivity of the vascular preparations to ACh measured as pD2 (-log ЕС50) were significantly suppressed compared to the relaxant responses of rings from untreated rats. GA externally applied to intact tissues at a concentration of 2×10-5 M inhibited the ACh-induced relaxation. The inhibition was more pronounced than that observed in vascular rings obtained from the GA-treated animals. Nevertheless, it was smaller than that observed under combined action of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L-NAME, and indomethacin, indicating that GA affects preferentially EDHF-dependent component of the ACh-induced relaxation. These results may suggest that damage of myoendothelial gap junctions that provide electrical communication between the endothelium and the smooth muscle layers may, at least partially, cause the development of arterial hypertension under GA treatment.
Structural Characterization and Gas Sensing Properties of Nano-Sized Tin Dioxide Material Synthesized from Tin(II) Sulfate
Authors: Ovodok E. , Ivanovskaya M. , Kotsikau D. , Kormosh V. , Pylyp P. , Bilanych V.
Published: October 2021

Structural features, surface condition, and gas-sensing properties of the nanocrystalline SnO2 powders synthesized from SnSO4 precursor by different methods have been studied. XRD, TEM, BET, and FTIR methods were used for the samples characterization. The gas sensors were fabricated by the thick-film technology from the synthesized SnO2 powders. The responses of the sensors toward CO and CH4 gases are measured. It is revealed that the preoxidation of SnSO4 powder with concentrated sulfuric acid before the hydrolysis results in the lower particle size, higher surface area, improved adsorption activity, and higher sensitivity to reducing gases (CO, CH4) of the synthesized SnO2 materials, than in the case of the SnO2 materials obtained without the preoxidation stage.
Математичне узагальнення результатів експериментів зі спостереження розвитку одиничних двійникових прошарків у металевих матеріалах
Authors: Bosin M.E. , Drygach T.G. , Russkin V.M.
Published: October 2021

Запропоновано математичну модель розвитку одиничних двiйникових прошаркiв у металевих кристалах при рiзних режимах навантаження, за рiзних умов. Параметри моделi залежать вiд геометричних характеристик двiйникового прошарку, фiзичних характеристик кристала, вектора Бюргерса та швидкостi руху двiйникових дислокацiй. Розроблено методики вiдновлення феноменологiчних параметрiв з експериментальних даних. У низцi випадкiв проведено порiвняння значень параметрiв, що обчислено згiдно з запропонованою математичною моделлю, з тими, якi отримано з даних експерименту. Порiвняння показує задовiльну узгодженiсть. Запропонована модель може бути корисною в створеннi кiлькiсної теорiї двiйникування.
Topical Nasal Decongestant Oxymetazoline: Safety Considerations for Perioperative Pediatric Use
Authors: Cartabuke Richard , Tobias Joseph D. , Jatana Kris R. ,   SECTION ON ANESTHESIOLOGY AND PAIN MEDICINE, SECTION ON OTOLARYNGOLOGY–HEAD AND NECK SURGERY
Published: October 2021

The over-the-counter nasal decongestant oxymetazoline (eg, Afrin) is used in the pediatric population for a variety of conditions in the operating room setting. Given its vasoconstrictive properties, it can have cardiovascular adverse effects when systemically absorbed. There have been several reports of cardiac and respiratory complications related to use of oxymetazoline in the pediatric population. Current US Food and Drug Administration approval for oxymetazoline is for patients ≥6 years of age, but medical professionals may elect to use it short-term and off label for younger children in particular clinical scenarios in which the potential benefit may outweigh risks (eg, active bleeding, acute respiratory distress from nasal obstruction, acute complicated sinusitis, improved surgical visualization, nasal decongestion for scope examination, other conditions, etc). To date, there have not been adequate pediatric pharmacokinetic studies of oxymetazoline, so caution should be exercised with both the quantity of dosing and the technique of administration. In the urgent care setting, emergency department, or inpatient setting, to avoid excessive administration of the medication, medical professionals should use the spray bottle in an upright position with the child upright. In addition, in the operating room setting, both monitoring the quantity used and effective communication between the surgeon and anesthesia team are important. Further studies are needed to understand the systemic absorption and effects in children in both nonsurgical and surgical nasal use of oxymetazoline.
Pengembangan Modul Kalkulus dengan Pemanfaatan Software Geogebra
Authors: Azizah Isnaini Nur , Amri Muhammad Khoirul , Ikashaum Fertilia , Mispani Mispani
Published: October 2021

This study aims to produce a calculus module using geogebra software on limits, derivatives, and integrals. This research uses the 4D Thiagarajan development. This method is modified into 3D, thats define, design, and development. This research begins with a need’s analysis covering student analysis, material analysis, task analysis, analysis of the formulation of learning objectives. The results of the needs analysis that the calculus module using geogebra applications needs to be developed. Based on the results of the student and teacher questionnaire responses said the module developed was very good with a value of 81%.
Students’ Mathematical Literacy in Solving PISA Problem Using Indonesian Cultural Context
Authors: Andari Ratri Murdy , Setianingsih Rini
Published: October 2021

This study aims to examine students’ mathematical literacy in solving PISA problems using the Indonesian cultural context. This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. As the subject of this study are three 9th grade students with high, average, and low mathematical abilities. In collecting the data, the researchers used three instruments, namely, mathematical ability test, mathematical literacy test, and interview guidelines. The results reveal that student with high mathematical ability meets all indicators in the process of formulating, employing, and interpreting. Otherwise, students with average or low mathematical abilities only meet some indicators in the process of mathematical literacy. Therefore, it is suggested for the teacher to provide practice especially for students having average or low mathematical abilities with literacy problems using contexts that exist in students’ life, such as the Indonesian cultural context
Membership Fees in the History of the All-Union Society of Book Lovers: The Economy and Ideology of a Late Soviet Mass Organisation
Authors:   Perm State National Research University, Perm, Matveev Evgeny V.
Published: October 2021

This article considers the financial side and specifically the phenomenon of membership fees in the history of a mass voluntary organisation of the late Soviet period, i.e. the All-Union Society of Book Lovers. The purpose of the article is to examine the role of fees in the structure of the organisation’s income and identify contradictions that arose within the Society in their relation. The article refers to the company’s accounting documents, materials of congresses, the corporate newspaper Knizhnoe Obozrenie, and letters of book lovers to the leadership of the society. Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that the management of the organisation and ordinary participants treated the annual fee with different pragmatics. Officials needed money for the structure, so they sought to increase the number of collective and individual members of the Society and fees from them. Initially, collective participants provided the flow of money to the organisation. Later, their share in the total budget decreased with the growth of contributions from ordinary book lovers. The popularity of reading and book hunger caused the new organisation to be seen by its members as a means to get books: they directly connected membership fees with the opportunity to get books that were in deficit. The lack of official guarantees for books and subscriptions caused outrage among book lovers who meticulously paid their fees and could lead to their refusal to pay to the Society. In a situation like this, the existence of the organisation and the format of the mass organisation were doubted. The ambiguous perception of the state initiative in the field of reading on the part of citizens helps examine the relations of society and government in the late Soviet period in a more detailed way.
Natural Movement and Migration of the Population of the Central Black Earth Region of Russia in the Context of Urbanisation and Conservative Modernisation of the 20th–21st Centuries
Authors:   Derzhavin Tambov State University, Tambov, Kanishchev Valery V. , Zhirov Nikolay A. ,   Bunin Yelets State University, Yelets
Published: October 2021

This paper aims to present a comprehensive study of the natural and migration movement of the rural population of Russia over several periods of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. The authors proceed from the premise that it is necessary to consider not only the decline of Russia’s rural population but also its movement. The article refers to the data of general censuses and vital records of the population at the regional, district, and settlement levels in one of the most successful agrarian regions by Russian standards, i.e. the Central Black Earth Region. The authors process the information from the sources employing various quantitative methods, including modeling demographic processes of the past, which helps verify the information of official documents. It is concluded that the idea of the general “extinction” of the Russian countryside is oversimplified. Historical data of the Central Black Earth Region testify to the constantly changing, different directions of demographic processes at the level of individual regions, districts, and settlements. Backsliding due to the process of depopulation, conservative demographic modernisation, and especially the transfer of urban dwellers back to rural areas contribute to the preservation of “islands of stability”. There are still dozens of districts and hundreds of settlements in the Central Black Earth Region characterised by natural growth and migration influx. The authors argue that a population which is excessive in terms of the needs of modern agriculture will continue to migrate. At the same time, based on the data of last decades, it is suggested that a certain number of people will be staying in the countryside as well as relocating there — those preferring a rural lifestyle in general or seeking to survive there in times of crisis. The reverse migration to rural areas observed during critical periods made it possible and continues to amortise the continuous decline of the rural population.
From the History of Russian Dialect Words I (говéд(т)ник, дохóрь, есáк, жёл, жерсть, жим, дýнда, дóхта, сбрéндить)
Authors:   Institute of Philology of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Novosibirsk, Anikin Aleksandr E.
Published: October 2021

The study of Russian dialectal vocabulary remains one of the most pressing problems of etymology. This article is devoted to the origin and history of a number of Russian dialect words. Namely, the author provides revised explanations for some dialecticisms from the already published issues of the Russian Etymological Dictionary (говéд(т)ник, дохóрь, дóхта, сбрéндить), as well as from its unpublished issues (есáк, жёл, жерсть, жúмы). Most of this material is missing from the Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language by M. Vasmer.The essence of the explanations proposed is as follows:говéд(т)ник, говéдник, говéнник ‘fastening (in front of a sleigh)’ originates from головéнник ‘head, front part of the sleigh’ from голова ‘head’, головной; дохóрь ‘marten’ supplements the lexical data on Proto-Slavic *dъchor’ь ‘ferret’; есáк ‘motif, melody’, есáчить ‘explain with signs’ should be linked with Old Russian ясáк ‘sign, password’ = ясáк ‘tribute’ < Turkic jasaq ‘tribute’, ‘code, law’;жел (жол) ‘acorn’ is identified with Belorussian dial. жэл and Bulgarian dial. жел ‘acorn’ < Proto-Slavic *žьlъ ‘acorn’, cf. Lithuanian gìlė ‘acorn’;жерсть, etc. ‘pole’ can be related to *žьrdь > Russian жердь with the suffix -tь, as in Russian ýжасть vs. ýжас ‘horror’; жúмы ‘pleated boxcalf boots’ is correlated with жúмы ‘folds, gathers’ from жимáть, iterative to *žęti, *žьmǫ ‘press’ > Rus. жать, жму ‘press’. The initial d- in the variant джúмы could appear as a result of rebracketing in combinations вот жимы, под жимы, etc. (of boots); дýнда ‘fat man’ is explained as a reflex of Proto-Slavic *dunda ‘fat woman’, an onomatopoetic or descriptive word that cannot be separated from Lithuanian dundà ‘rake’;дóхта ‘peat’ may be a relic of the Proto-Slavic *deg- ‘burn’ (> *žeg-) with preserved d-, cf. Russian дёготь ‘tar’, etc.; сбрéндить ‘go crazy’ perhaps comes from *сбрéндить ‘break off, about the string of a wool beater’ and *брéндить ‘beat wool with a wool bow’ of onomatopoeic origin, cf. бры́ндить ‛to beat the wool’ — бры́ндить ‛play the balalaika’ and so on.
On the Semantic and Motivational Interpretation of Russian Dialectal Vocabulary with the Meaning of Disgust (посвирывать, кобзовать, скабежливый, etc.)
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Malkova Yana V.
Published: October 2021

This article employs the semantic and motivational aspects to study three Russian dialect words, namely Pskov and Tver Regions посви́рывать ‘to be picky, to disdain’, Kaluga Region ко́бзовать ‘to disdain’, Don, Volgograd, Ryazan, and Tambov Regions скабе́жливый ‘squeamish’. The choice to refer specifically to these linguistic facts is determined by the fact that some of the lexical units presented have not been previously discussed in literature, while, in the author’s opinion, some have controversial etymological solutions. The author states that the word посви́рывать has the root -вир-. Here, the idea of turning is recognised as a motivationally significant one since it reflects popular observations of the behaviour of a person who rejects something. Thus, the axiological assessment of squeamish behavior is fixed in the word’s inner form. The author connects the word ко́бзовать with кобызиться ‘to act arrogantly; to be stubborn, to be obstinate’, where быз indicates ‘a whiny, capricious child’. An assumption is made that a number of lexical units, such as Vologda Region бзли́вый ‘spoiled, capricious’, Perm Region скобы́чка ‘a quarreler and a mean person’, etc. belong to the same family. The author builds potential lines of their semantic and motivational development. The family includes designations of character traits (arrogance, boastfulness, foppery, cockiness, quick temper, cunningness) and human behaviour (such ideograms as ‘to cry’, ‘to frown’, ‘to be angry’, ‘to take offense’). The author hypothesises that the lexical unit скабежливый also refers to the family of the -быз- root. This conclusion is made based on phonetic variation in the root (скабе́зливый, скабы́зливый, скобызко́й) and the similarity in the development of meaning for all the lexical units studied (also, they share the semantics of arrogance, sensitivity, and tearfulness).
Acesso a bens e serviços de saúde bucal por escolares de 7 a 10 anos em Vitória-ES
Authors: ZAMBALDI Maiara Paula Malacarne , MOLINA Maria del Carmem Bisi , PRADO Camila Bruneli do , SANTOS NETO Edson Theodoro dos
Published: October 2021

Resumo Introdução A utilização dos bens e serviços de saúde é considerada uma expressão positiva de acesso, influenciada por diversos fatores. Objetivo Analisar o acesso aos serviços e bens em saúde bucal, com seus fatores determinantes, entre escolares de 7-10 anos. Material e método Estudo seccional realizado com escolares de amostra probabilística por conglomerado. Os dados foram coletados através de formulário aplicado às crianças e questionário enviado aos pais/responsáveis. O desfecho de interesse foi o acesso aos bens e serviços de saúde odontológicos, a partir das variáveis “primeira consulta odontológica” e “posse de escova dental própria”. As variáveis independentes (características infantis, maternas e socioeconômicas) que apresentaram significância estatística ≤0,10, na análise bivariada, foram incluídas no modelo de Regressão Logística Multivariada. O nível de significância adotado no modelo final foi de 5%. Resultado Associaram à posse de escova dental: idades de 8 (OR=3,303; IC95%= 1,135 – 9,610), 9 (OR=3,452; IC95% = 1,176 - 10,137) e 10 anos (OR= 6,901; IC95% = 1,468 – 32,434); tabagismo materno (OR=4,509; IC95% = 2,021-10,060). Associados à primeira consulta odontológica: idades de 9 (OR=2,321; IC95% = 1,340 – 4,022) e 10 anos (OR= 3,155; IC95% = 1,687 – 5,899); escola privada (OR=3,691; IC95% = 1,343-10,145); dois ou mais quartos na residência (OR: 3,691; IC95% = 1,343 – 10,145) e posse de escova dental própria (OR=2,065; IC95% = 1,009 – 4,226). Conclusão Os resultados apontam para desigualdade no acesso à saúde odontológica. Crianças mais velhas, com mães não fumantes e melhores condições socioeconômicas apresentam maior acesso aos serviços e bens em saúde bucal.