bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dermatitis due to MixedDemodexandSarcoptesMites in Dogs
Authors: Sudhakara Reddy B. , Nalini Kumari K. , Sivajothi S. , Venkatasivakumar R.
Published: July 2014

In dogs, dermatitis due to mixed mite infestation is rare. During the five-year period of study, two dogs were identified suffering from dermatitis due to mixedDemodexandSarcoptesmites. Upon clinical examination dogs had primary and secondary skin lesions on face, around the ears, chin, neck, fore limbs and lateral abdomen. Microscopic examination of skin scrapings revealedDemodexandSarcoptesmites. Both dogs were treated with daily oral ivermectin at 100 to 400 μg/kg body weight as incremental doses, external application of amitraz and supportive treatments with topical antimicrobial shampoo. After completion of forty-two days of therapy, dogs were recovered from the dermatitis.
Optimization of Sound Transmission Loss through a Thin Functionally Graded Material Cylindrical Shell
Authors: Nouri Ali , Astaraki Sohrab
Published: July 2014

The maximizing of sound transmission loss (TL) across a functionally graded material (FGM) cylindrical shell has been conducted using a genetic algorithm (GA). To prevent the softening effect from occurring due to optimization, the objective function is modified based on the first resonant frequency. Optimization is performed over the frequency range 1000–4000 Hz, where the ear is the most sensitive. The weighting constants are chosen here to correspond to an A-weighting scale. Since the weight of the shell structure is an important concern in most applications, the weight of the optimized structure is constrained. Several traditional materials are used and the result shows that optimized shells with aluminum-nickel and aluminum-steel FGM are the most effective at maximizing TL at both stiffness and mass control region, while they have minimum weight.
Spectrum Distribution in Cognitive Radio: Error Correcting Codes Perspective
Authors: Hussain Syed Azmat , Shah Tariq , Azam Naveed Ahmed , Andrade Antonio Aparecido de , Naveed Malik Aqdas
Published: July 2014

Cognitive radio is a growing zone in wireless communication which offers an opening in complete utilization of incompetently used frequency spectrum: deprived of crafting interference for the primary (authorized) user, the secondary user is indorsed to use the frequency band. Though, scheming a model with the least interference produced by the secondary user for primary user is a perplexing job. In this study we proposed a transmission model based on error correcting codes dealing with a countable number of pairs of primary and secondary users. However, we obtain an effective utilization of spectrum by the transmission of the pairs of primary and secondary users' data through the linear codes with different given lengths. Due to the techniques of error correcting codes we developed a number of schemes regarding an appropriate bandwidth distribution in cognitive radio.
Using Ecological Momentary Assessment to Evaluate Current Physical Activity
Authors: Marszalek Jolanta , Morgulec-Adamowicz Natalia , Rutkowska Izabela , Kosmol Andrzej
Published: July 2014

Objective. The purpose of this study was to assess the value of ecological momentary assessment in evaluating physical activity among children, adolescents, and adults. It also determines whether ecological momentary assessment fulfills the criteria of validity, reliability, objectivity, norms, and standardization applied to the tools used for the evaluation of physical activity.Methods. The EBSCO-CINHAL, Medline, PsycINFO, PubMed, and SPORTDiscuss databases were reviewed in December 2012 for articles associated with EMA.Results. Of the 20 articles examined, half (10) used electronic methods for data collection, although various methods were used, ranging from pen and paper to smartphone applications. Ten studies used objective monitoring equipment. Nineteen studies were performed over 4 days. While the validity of the EMA method was discussed in 18 studies, only four found it to be objective. In all cases, the EMA procedures were precisely documented and confirmed to be feasible.Conclusions. Ecological momentary assessment is a valid, reliable, and feasible approach to evaluate activity and sedentary behavior. Researchers should be aware that while ecological momentary assessment offers many benefits, it simultaneously imposes many limitations which should be considered when studying physical activity.
Termination of Immune Activation: An Essential Component of Healthy Host Immune Responses
Authors: Kane Barry A. , Bryant Katherine J. , McNeil H. Patrick , Tedla Nicodemus T.
Published: July 2014

The ideal immune response is rapid, proportionate and effective. Crucially, it must also be finite. An inflammatory response which is disproportionate or lasts too long risks injury to the host; chronic un-regulated inflammation in autoimmune diseases is one example of this. Thus, mechanisms to regulate and ultimately terminate immune responses are central to a healthy immune system. Despite extensive knowledge of what drives immune responses, our understanding of mechanisms of immune termination remains relatively sparse. It is clear that such processes are more complex than a one-dimensional homeostatic balance. Recent discoveries have revealed ever more nuanced mechanisms of signal termination, such as intrinsically self-limiting signals, multiple inhibitory mechanisms acting in tandem and activating proteins behaving differently in a variety of contexts. This review will summarise some important mechanisms, including termination by immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIM), inhibition by soluble antagonists, receptor endocytosis or ubiquitination, and auto-inhibition by newly synthesised intracellular inhibitory molecules. Several recent discoveries showing immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs transducing inhibitory signals, ITIM mediating activating responses and the possible roles of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motifs will also be explored.
Early versus Delayed Surgery for Acute Cholecystitis as an Applied Treatment Strategy When Assessed in a Population-Based Cohort
Authors: Pieniowski Emil , Popowicz Agnieszka , Lundell Lars , Gerber Peter , Gustafsson Ulf , Sinabulya Helen , Sjödahl Krister , Tsekrekos Andrianos , Sandblom Gabriel
Published: July 2014

Background: The aims of this study were to describe the surgical management of acute cholecystitis (AC) in a well-defined population-based patient cohort, in particular adherence to and outcome of the early open/laparoscopic cholecystectomy (EC/ELC) strategy. Methods: The medical records of all patients residing in Stockholm County who were treated for AC during 2003 and 2008 were reviewed according to a standardized protocol. Results: In 2003, 799 patients were admitted 850 times for AC, and the respective figures for 2008 were 833 and 919. The number of patients who underwent EC/ELC increased from 42.9% in 2003 to 47.4% in 2008. In multivariate regression analysis adjusting for age, gender, severity of cholecystitis, maximal CRP and maximal WBC, EC/ELC was associated with shorter operation time but higher perioperative blood loss when compared to delayed open/laparoscopic cholecystectomy (DC/DLC). The odds ratio for completing the procedure laparoscopically was significantly higher in DC/DLC when adjusting for the same covariates. There were no significant differences in peri- or postoperative complications between the groups. Conclusion: Strategies should be implemented in order to secure a more evidence-based approach to the surgical treatment of AC.
Molecular Genetics of Müllerian Duct Formation, Regression and Differentiation
Authors: Mullen Rachel D. , Behringer Richard R.
Published: July 2014

The Müllerian duct (MD) forms the female reproductive tract (FRT) consisting of the oviducts, uterus, cervix, and upper vagina. FRT function is vital to fertility, providing the site of fertilization, embryo implantation and fetal development. Developmental defects in the formation and diseases of the FRT, including cancer and endometriosis, are prevalent in humans and can result in infertility and death. Furthermore, because the MDs are initially formed regardless of genotypic sex, mesenchymal to epithelial signaling is required in males to mediate MD regression and prevents the development of MD-derived organs. In males, defects in MD regression result in the retention of FRT organs and have been described in several human syndromes. Although to date not reported in humans, ectopic activation of MD regression signaling components in females can result in aplasia of the FRT. Clearly, MD development is important to human health; however, the molecular mechanisms remain largely undetermined. Molecular genetics studies of human diseases and mouse models have provided new insights into molecular signaling during MD development, regression and differentiation. This review will provide an overview of MD development and important genes and signaling mechanisms involved.
Taxonomy of Clathria (Thalysias) (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida: Microcionidae) from the Colombian Caribbean, with description of three new species
Authors: ZEA SVEN , RODRÍGUEZ ANGÉLICA , MARTÍNEZ ANA MARÍA
Published: July 2014

Thinly encrusting sponges are diverse and ecologically important, but their taxonomy is challenging. In the Greater Caribbean, the recognition of species of Clathria (Thalysias), most of which are encrusting, is still problematic. Here we describe and clarify the taxonomy of eight species, three new to science, from material collected mostly in Colombia. These are C. (T.) virgultosa, C. (T.) curacaoensis, C. (T.) venosa, C. (T.) minuta, C. (T.) oxeota, C. (T.) sulfocleistochela n. sp., C. (T.) chelosigmoidea n. sp., and C. (T.) opalina n. sp. Underwater color photographs are provided, together with drawings of spicules and skeleton, and SEM images of spicules. Two other well-established Caribbean species of the subgenus, vis. C. (T.) isodictyoides and C. (T.) collosclera (both from Curaçao) were not found in the studied material. A key for their identification is provided. Three more records, C. (T.) fascicularis Topsent, 1889, C. (T.) procera (Ridley, 1884) and C. (T.) basiarenacea (Boury-Esnault, 1973) are outlined for further study.
A new species of Leptalpheus Williams, 1965 and new records of L. mexicanus Ríos & Carvacho, 1983 and L. hendrickxi Anker, 2011 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae) from the Pacific coast of Mexico
Authors: SALGADO-BARRAGÁN JOSÉ , AYÓN-PARENTE MANUEL , HENDRICKX MICHEL E.
Published: July 2014

A new species of Leptalpheus is described from Estero Pérula, Jalisco, on the Pacific coast of Mexico. Leptalpheus corderoae sp. nov. is most similar to Leptalpheus azuero Anker, 2011 from Panama and Leptalpheus axianassae Dworschak & Coelho, 1999 from Brazil, differing from both of them by a combination of morphological characters, especially the presence of tubercles on the ventral surface of the major chela palm and pollex. The most common host of L. corderoae sp. nov. at the type locality is the callianassid ghost shrimp Lepidophthalmus bocourti (A. Milne Edwards, 1870). Additional specimens of Leptalpheus mexicanus Ríos & Carvacho, 1983, from Estero de Urías, Sinaloa, are reported and compared to the type material from Río Mulegé, as well as to Leptalpheus bicristatus Anker, 2011 from Panama. Finally, Leptalpheus hendrickxi Anker, 2011 is reported from Mexico for the first time, representing a significant northward range extension of the species. In Estero Pérula, L. hendrickxi lives in burrows of Lepidophthalmus bocourti, sometimes together with L. corderoae sp. nov.
A Referential Communication Demonstration Versus a Lecture-Only Control
Authors: Balch William R.
Published: July 2014

To evaluate a demonstration involving active and cooperative learning, 40 students in a cognitive psychology course and 132 students in an introductory psychology course completed a brief multiple-choice pretest on referential communication. Two days later, randomly assigned students either participated in a classroom referential communication demonstration/debriefing or heard only a comparable lecture. The demonstration/debriefing students competed as pairs, within which a communicator described an abstract design that a listener could not see but had to draw as accurately as possible. After 5 more days, all students took a classroom posttest identical to the pretest. Compared to lecture-only students, demonstration/debriefing students in both courses obtained significantly higher posttest, but not pretest, overall scores. However, cognitive and introductory psychology students showed some level of learning and metacognitive differences in their benefits from the demonstration.
An Empirical Assessment of an Activity to Teach Sensory Change in Aging
Authors: Dickinson Paige E. , Schwarzmueller April , Martin Bret
Published: July 2014

This study empirically tested the effectiveness of a brief, inexpensive aging simulation activity to educate traditional-aged students about sensory declines and their potential causes in older adulthood development. Students in a life-span development course wore specific props (e.g., thick gloves, earplugs, and obscured glasses) to simulate neuropathy, arthritis, sensory impairment, and fatty tissues loss, while carrying out a variety of physical tasks. Pretest–posttest analyses revealed that students who engaged in the simulation activity with discussion learned far more regarding sensory changes of aging than did students who passively listened to a lecture on the topic. These results provide evidence that an economical role-playing simulation can be a successful means for teaching students about sensory changes in older adulthood.
Learning by Helping? Undergraduate Communication Outcomes Associated With Training or Service-Learning Experiences
Authors: Katz Jennifer , DuBois Melinda , Wigderson Sara
Published: July 2014

This study investigated communication outcomes after training or applied service-learning experiences. Pre-practicum trainees learned active listening skills over 10 weeks. Practicum students were successful trainees who staffed a helpline. Community interns were trained and supervised at community agencies. Undergraduate students in psychology from each of these three groups ( N = 45) were assessed at the start and the end of a semester. Only trainees showed improved communication skills, although students across groups showed increased communication confidence. Results suggest both training and applied experiences benefit undergraduates in psychology.
A strange familiarity? Place perceptions among the globally mobile
Authors: Pristed Nielsen Helene , Thidemann Faber Stine
Published: July 2014

How do globally mobile people perceive and make sense of a new place in which they have to create an everyday life for themselves? And how may their place perception be communicated through photographs? These are the questions around which this article revolves. The visual material discussed in the article stems from a participatory research project, in which North Denmark functions as a setting for studying local particularities and global convergences. Analysing part of this material, the article explores the perception of – and affiliation with – places and localities, pointing to how perceptions of strangeness and familiarity occur along unexpected lines of difference and similarity depending on the embodied positionality of the involved participants.
Beyond authenticity: a visual-material analysis of locality in the global redesign of Starbucks stores
Authors: Aiello Giorgia , Dickinson Greg
Published: July 2014

In this article, the authors examine the global store design strategy launched by Starbucks in 2009 in the wake of the economic crisis, increasing brand dilution, and growing competition. They offer a visual-material analysis of the corporation’s efforts to create a global aesthetic grounded in locality, with an in-depth focus on meaning potentials of materiality and community found across the four store redesigns that were unveiled in Seattle, the coffee company’s hometown, and which functioned as prototypes for store design across the United States, Europe and Asia. They then critically engage Starbucks’ rhetoric/discourse of locality in relation to the more widespread notion of authenticity and argue that, while authenticity is rooted in textual and symbolic arrangements, locality operates in the realm of emplaced and embodied claims of difference. Shifting from authenticity to locality in design and branding practices alters critical engagements and everyday relationships with global consumer capitalism, insofar as this may be increasingly entrenched with vernacular expressions of cosmopolitanism.
The local and the global in the visual design of a Chinese women’s lifestyle magazine: a multimodal critical discourse approach
Authors: Chen Ariel , Machin David
Published: July 2014

This article uses a multimodal critical discourse analytic approach to analyse how a Chinese women’s magazine has changed visually over 17 years, partly through the gradual adoption of international branding design styles and partly through consumer product influences from Japan that are used to recontextualize core Chinese values and women’s identities. The authors conclude that, like established international magazine brands, this title signifies freedom, but of a very different order to that found in those counterparts.
Towards a critical visual pedagogy: a response to the ‘end of poverty’ narrative
Authors: Shankar Arjun
Published: July 2014

In this article, the author calls for a critical visual pedagogy as a means to challenge visually constituted ‘grand narratives’ of poverty and suffering. In the first half, he situates images of poverty in India within a global development discourse termed the ‘end of poverty’, which functions as the rationale for social interventions in the global south and sustains a circuit of ‘poverty capital’. The author critically analyzes the visual aesthetic that accompanies the ‘end of poverty’ narrative, focusing on the visual choices that reinforce difference and promote the perception that marginalized populations need ‘saving’. Using images from his fieldwork with students in a village school in Karnataka, India, about 50 km south of Bangalore, he proposes an alternative visual aesthetic, grounded in visual ethnography, which may serve to counter the ‘end of poverty’, and grand narratives like it, while impacting how and why we participate in poverty alleviation efforts.
Two remarks on polynomially bounded reducts of the restricted analytic field with exponentiation
Authors: Randriambololona Serge
Published: July 2014

This article presents two constructions motivated by a conjecture of van den Dries and Miller concerning the restricted analytic field with exponentiation. The first construction provides an example of two o-minimal expansions of a real closed field that possess the same field of germs at infinity of one-variable functions and yet define different global one-variable functions. The second construction gives an example of a family of infinitely many distinct maximal polynomially bounded reducts (all this in the sense of definability) of the restricted analytic field with exponentiation.
Genetic testing for inherited polyposis syndromes
Authors: McGinty Patricia , Neale Kay
Published: July 2014

Polyposis syndromes are inherited intestinal cancer syndromes, but a causative genetic mutation cannot be identified in every family. Whether the diagnosis is clinical or genetic, relatives of a person with a diagnosis of polyposis need to be identified, traced, and warned about their risk. This article is not specifically about genetic counselling, but describes the important points to be remembered when discussing the genetic testing of patients with, or at the risk of, a polyposis syndrome.
Open children's minds to new times and places
Authors: Williams Brenda
Published: July 2014

Brenda Williams describes how a range of quality books can be used with key stage 2 children of different abilities to extend their knowledge and provoke discussion.
Make an excellent start
Authors: Keates Chris
Published: July 2014

Success in your first year as a teacher is absolutely crucial to set you on a positive career path. Chris Keates outlines how NASUWT is committed to supporting you.
Do you need a hand?
Authors: Launder Robin
Published: July 2014

Establishing a routine whereby your pupils put up their hands every time is pro-thinking, pro-participation and pro-community. It also places you in control.
What have you achieved?
Authors: Adams Margaret
Published: July 2014

Creating a personal success checklist is the perfect way to record your first year in teaching. Once completed – relax and enjoy the summer, advises Margaret Adams.
�This is Our Turf!�: Puerto Rican youths in the 1961 film adaptation of West Side Story
Authors: Woller Megan
Published: July 2014

In 1961 directors Jerome Robbins and Robert Wise as well as screenwriter Ernest Lehman adapted the 1957 stage musical West Side Story into a film, and in the process engaged with the complex racial and ethnic discourses of Broadway and Hollywood. Thus, I explore how the depiction of the Puerto Rican characters grows out of significant trends onstage and in film. Furthermore, this article foregrounds adaptation by examining how the film portrays the Puerto Rican gang in relation to the so-called American gang and the Puerto Rican female characters in ways that both intersect with and make changes from the original stage production. Characterization through the music, lyrics, book and visuals all distinguish the different ethnic groups, in part through well-worn stereotypes. In fact, a tension in the representation of the Puerto Rican gang members results from the combination of highly problematic stereotyping and an attempt to give them more agency than in the original Broadway production. My analysis centres on three exemplary musical numbers, the Prologue, the �Mambo� and �America� in order to tease out various aspects of the film�s portrayal of Puerto Rican youths.
Practice as research in musical theatre � reviewing the situation
Authors: Dunbar Zachary
Published: July 2014

The convergence of conservatoire-style training with academia has witnessed an explosion of practice as research (PaR) projects � or what in some academic quarters constitutes research, which is practice led or practice based. During the last five years, we have seen a high water mark in PaR pursuits within musical theatre training and performance. Yet, despite the benefit of research paradigms and publications from adjacent fields, practice-based musical theatre researchers often find themselves somewhat adrift when it comes to understanding the ways in which PaR is formulated, understood, and indeed practiced. This article offers both a general overview of the situation that PaR musical theatre currently finds itself in, and also provides scenarios of what that research might look like. As a springboard for the article I use Robin Nelson�s recent examination of the field, and particularly the fundamental trope of �doing-thinking� which is formulated in and through the notion of praxis (2013: 40). From here my discussion will develop in two ways. First, I look at various settings in academia in which I have encountered PaR, occasions that have given rise to issues about the ineffability of the art form and the intentionality of practice during research. Second, I focus on the nascence, resistance and potential of practice-based research in musical theatre. Crucially the inherent complexity of musical theatre offers us a chance to reflect on the dyadic concept of �doing-thinking�. To that end I propose taxonomic distinctions that may help convert an essentially dialectical concept into an analytical tool for the appraisal and evaluation of musical theatre PaR.
The revocalization of logos? Thinking, doing and disseminating voice
Authors: Thomaidis Konstantinos
Published: July 2014

�As a specific object of interest for philosophy, the human voice is grasped within a system of signification that subordinates speech to the concept�. It is in the traditional dualism between the vocal/aural and the conceptual/seen that Cavarero postulates the de-vocalization of logos, the dichotomy between embodied phonation and critical enquiry. Her remarks invite further probing of the pedagogy and creative praxis of voice: how do we conceptualize voicing? How does voice emerge from and reflect back to its discursive domains? How can we bridge the chasm between the ontology and epistemology of voice? How do we think, do and disseminate voice? In reflecting on these concerns, our overall aspiration is to propose a new paradigm for practice as research (PaR) education in Voice Studies.
Making Broadway musicals: An interview with Dan Knechtges
Authors: Dee Das Joanna
Published: July 2014

As a director and choreographer for the stage and the screen, Dan Knechtges� work is known for its captivating spark and exuberant energy. Dan�s choreography for the 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee (2005) and Xanadu (2007) has received nominations for the Tony Award, the Drama Desk Award and the Lucille Lortell Award. Most recently, Dan directed and choreographed Lysistrata Jones (2011) on Broadway. Below are excerpts from a conversation between Knechtges (DK), Princeton undergraduate students Adam Hyndman (AH), Abigail Williams (AW) and Angela Caruso (AC), and members of a general public audience about Knechtges� experiences as a choreographer and choreographer-director. This conversation took place as part of the Making Broadway Musicals: Artists and Scholars in Conversation symposium at Princeton University on 21�April 2012.
Windup-Vermeidung bei Eingangs- und Ausgangsbegrenzung
Authors: Hippe Peter
Published: July 2014

Obwohl der Messbereich der Sensoren in der Regel so ausgelegt ist, dass ihn die Regelgröße
selbst in Extremsituationen nicht verlässt, existieren praktische Anwendungen, bei denen dies
auftreten kann. Die vom Autor kürzlich in der at vorgestellte Methode zur Windup-Vermeidung
bei Sensorsättigung funktioniert zwar zuverlässig, sie liefert jedoch unter Umständen so
große Signale, dass auch die Gefahr von Stellbegrenzung besteht. Dieser Beitrag
präsentiert eine Lösung, die selbst bei gleichzeitiger Ein- und Ausgangsbegrenzung ein stabiles
Verhalten des Regelkreises garantiert. Zugelassen sind Stör- und Führungseingriffe,
wobei das Hauptproblem darin besteht, den durch Störsignale ausgelösten Windup zu vermeiden.
Eine Aufschaltung von Führungssignalen ist immer so möglich, dass keinerlei Windup-Probleme
auftreten.
The Role of Risk Preference in Immigration and Minimum Wage Policies
Authors: Wang Yulian , Zhu Hongfei
Published: July 2014

This paper examines the effects of two enforcement policies and a minimum wage policy in controlling illegal immigration and improving welfare when capital is immobile. The model highlights the importance of the role of risk preference by considering various attitudes to risk held by illegal immigrants and host firms. It is shown that the effect of internal enforcement on the wage rate in host firms depends on the attitude to risk of illegal immigrants and host firms. It is also shown that the impacts of the minimum wage legislation differ according to risk preference and the degree of labor employment elasticity to the source wage. Moreover, attitude to risk is shown to be important in determining the effectiveness of policies on welfare.
Cochlear Implant: the complexity involved in the decision making process by the family
Authors: Vieira Sheila de Souza , Bevilacqua Maria Cecília , Ferreira Noeli Marchioro Liston Andrade , Dupas Giselle
Published: July 2014

OBJECTIVE: to understand the meanings the family attributes to the phases of the decision-making process on a cochlear implant for their child.METHOD: qualitative research, using Symbolic Interactionism and Grounded Theory as the theoretical and methodological frameworks, respectively. Data collection instrument: semistructured interview. Nine families participated in the study (32 participants).RESULTS: knowledge deficit, difficulties to contextualize benefits and risks and fear are some factors that make this process difficult. Experiences deriving from interactions with health professionals, other cochlear implant users and their relatives strengthen decision making in favor of the implant.CONCLUSION: deciding on whether or not to have the implant involves a complex process, in which the family needs to weigh gains and losses, experience feelings of accountability and guilt, besides overcoming the risk aversion. Hence, this demands cautious preparation and knowledge from the professionals involved in this intervention.
The effectiveness of hydrocolloid dressings versus other dressings in the healing of pressure ulcers in adults and older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pott Franciele Soares , Meier Marineli Joaquim , Stocco Janislei Giseli Dorociak , Crozeta Karla , Ribas Janyne Dayane
Published: July 2014

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the effectiveness of hydrocolloids in the healing of pressure ulcers in adult and older adult patients.METHOD: systematic review with meta-analysis, based on the recommendations of the Cochrane Handbook. The search was undertaken in the databases: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), Cochrane Database, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science and the Scientific Electronic Library Online.RESULTS: 646 primary studies were identified, 69 were evaluated and nine were selected, referring to the use of the hydrocolloid dressing in healing; of these, four studies allowed meta-analysis. There was no statistically significant difference between the hydrocolloid group and the foams group (p value=0.84; Odds Ratio 1.06, CI 95% 0.61-1.86). A slight superiority of the polyurethane dressings was observed in relation to the hydrocolloid dressings.CONCLUSION: the evidence is not sufficient to affirm whether the efficacy of hydrocolloid dressings is superior to that of other dressings. It is suggested that clinical randomized trials be undertaken so as to ascertain the efficacy of this intervention in the healing of pressure ulcers, in relation to other treatments.
Efeitos da lactulose na saúde gastrointestinal de frangos de corte experimentalmente inoculados com Salmonella entérica sorovar Typhimurium
Authors: Santana Eliete Souza , Andrade Maria Auxiliadora , Café Marcos Barcelos , Stringhini José Henrique , Rocha Tatiane Martins , Jaime Valéria de Sá
Published: July 2014

Avaliaram-se os efeitos da lactulose na saúde gastrointestinal de frangos de corte pela aferição do pH e enumeração de unidades formadoras de colônias (UFCs) de Salmonella Typhimurium e Escherichia coli no inglúvio e ceco de aves inoculadas experimentalmente, via oral, na dose de 5,0 X 102 UFC /0,5mL com Salmonella Typhimurium. O delineamento adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado, utilizando-se 630 pintos, machos, os quais foram distribuídos em seis tratamentos, com sete repetições e 15 aves por unidade experimental. O tratamento 1: grupo controle (placebo); tratamento 2: grupo que recebeu somente a lactulose na água; tratamento 3: grupo que recebeu somente Salmonella Typhimurium; tratamento 4: grupo que recebeu a lactulose e Salmonella Typhimurium simultaneamente no primeiro dia de vida [L (1d) + ST (1d)]; tratamento 5: grupo que recebeu a lactulose 48 horas antes de serem inoculadas com Salmonella Typhimurium [L (1d) + ST (48h)] e tratamento 6: grupo que foi inoculado com Salmonella Typhimurium no primeiro dia e 48 horas depois receberam a lactulose [ST (1d) + L (48h)]. Aos dias sete, 14, 21 e 28 uma ave por parcela foi sacrificada e os conteúdos do inglúvio e do ceco foram coletados para a aferição do pH e contagem de Salmonella Typhimurium e Escherichia coli. Constatou-se que a lactulose determinou redução nos valores (P<0,05) de pH nos conteúdos do trato digestório aos sete dias de vida, e esta redução se manteve até 28 dias somente para o inglúvio nos tratamentos que receberam a lactulose, independente do período de inoculação do patógeno. Verificou-se, também, que a lactulose reduziu (P<0,05) as UFCs de Escherichia coli e de Salmonella Typhimurium no inglúvio aos 21 e 28 dias de vida nos tratamentos em que se administrou a lactulose antes do patógeno. Pode-se concluir que a lactulose altera os valores de pH do inglúvio e reduza colonização de Salmonella Typhimurium no ceco e as UFCs de Escherichia coli no inglúvio em todo o período experimental.
Descrição do plexo braquial do cachorro-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous Linnaeus, 1766)
Authors: Pinheiro Luane Lopes , Branco Érika , Souza Damazio Campos , Pereira Luiza Helena Corrêa , Lima Ana Rita
Published: July 2014

O Cerdocyon thous é um canídeo que possui ampla distribuição na América do Sul e, salvo aspectos gerais, têm sua morfologia pouco conhecida na literatura, principalmente no que tange ao sistema nervoso. Com o objetivo de elucidar a composição anatômica do plexo braquial, estudaram-se três exemplares machos provenientes de Paragominas-PA, doados após morte por atropelamento ao Laboratório de Pesquisa Morfológica Animal (LaPMA), da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA). Os animais foram fixados em solução aquosa de formol 10% para posterior realização da dissecação bilateral da origem do plexo braquial. O plexo braquial do C. thous é derivado dos três últimos nervos espinhais cervicais e do primeiro nervo torácico (C6-T1). Os principais nervos que o compõem, com suas respectivas origens foram: n. supraescapular, n. subscapular e n. musculocutâneo (C6-C7), n. axilar (C7-C8), n. radial (C7-T1 e C7-C8), n. mediano, n. ulnar, n. toracodorsal e n. torácico lateral (C8-T1). Concluímos que o plexo braquial do C. thous assemelha-se ao descrito para os cães domésticos, apresentando pequenas diferenças quanto à composição de alguns nervos.
Análise da segmentação anatomo-cirúrgica arterial do cólon de coelhos
Authors: Bianchi Pedro Kastein Faria da Cunha , Kfoury Junior José Roberto , Gonçalez Patrícia Orlandini
Published: July 2014

O conhecimento morfológico dos sistemas que compõem o corpo dos animais é fundamental para as áreas aplicadas da Medicina Veterinária. A descrição da distribuição dos vasos, nervos e ductos de um órgão subdivide-o em segmentos anátomo-cirúrgicos, os quais são importantes para a prática clínica e cirúrgica, tornando seus estudos relevantes em espécies de criação e experimentação. Desta forma, objetivou-se analisar a morfologia dos segmentos anátomo-cirúrgicos arteriais do cólon de coelhos, a fim de fornecer subsídios para a área aplicada, já que o cólon tem grande importância nesta espécie, por se tratar de uma representativa área de absorção de nutrientes. Para tanto, foram utilizados oito cadáveres de coelhos adultos (machos e fêmeas) injetados, via aorta torácica, com látex corado (pigmento vermelho) para a marcação arterial e fixados em solução aquosa de formol a 10%. A dissecação foi realizada a partir do ponto de origem das artérias que irrigam o cólon, sendo conduzida até a distribuição dos ramos na sua parede, observando-se a região e a associação de distribuição. Desta forma, pode-se verificar que o cólon recebe ramos provenientes das artérias mesentérica cranial e mesentérica caudal. Os ramos cólicos apresentam-se de forma metamérica e realizam anastomoses em toda sua extensão, o que dificulta a caracterização de um padrão segmentar. Porém, os ramos da artéria mesentérica caudal, destinados à parte final do cólon descendente, não apresentaram anastomoses aparentes com outros ramos.
Reliability of CBCT in the diagnosis of dental asymmetry
Authors: Ruellas Antônio Carlos de Oliveira , Koerich Leonardo , Baratieri Carolina , Mattos Claudia Trindade , Alves Junior Matheus , Brunetto Daniel , Eidson Lindsey
Published: July 2014

Objective: The aim of this study was to validate a method used to assess dental asymmetry, in relation to the skeletal midline, by means of CBCT. Methods: Ten patients who had CBCT scans taken were randomly selected for this study. Five different observers repeated 10 landmarks (x, y and z variables for each) and 12 linear measurements within 10 days. Measurements were taken in both arches to evaluate symmetry of first molars, canines and dental midline in relation to the skeletal midline. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was carried out to assess intra- and interobserver reliability for landmarks and distances. Average mean difference was also assessed to check measurement errors between observers. Results: ICC landmarks was ≥ 0.9 for 27 (90%) and 25 (83%) variables for intra- and interobserver, respectively. ICC for distances was ≥ 0.9 for 7 (58%) and 5 (42%), respectively. All ICC landmarks for distances were >0.75 for both intra- and interobserver. The mean difference between observers was ≤ 0.6 mm for all the distances. Conclusion: The method used to assess dental asymmetry by means of CBCT is valid. Measurements of molars, canines and dental midline symmetry with the skeletal midline are reproducible and reliable when taken by means of CBCT and by different operators.
Cuerpo, discapacidad y estigma en el origen del campo del deporte adaptado de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, 1950-1961: ¿una mera interiorización de una identidad devaluada?
Authors: Ferrante Carolina
Published: July 2014

Si bien el deporte adaptado es considerado el principal integrador de las personas con discapacidad, desde los Disability Studies se considera que el mismo refuerza la opresión sufrida por este colectivo. Sin embargo, estas posturas no reconstruyen históricamente el éthos construido en el deporte. En función de realizar un aporte a esta discusión, analizo aquí los modos de pensar y sentirse discapacitado construidos en el origen del campo del deporte adaptado, en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, entre los años 1950 y 1961. Para ello, parto del análisis de contenido de la prensa escrita de los primeros clubes para personas con discapacidad y de entrevistas en profundidad a los protagonistas del origen del deporte adaptado y de la fisiatría local.
A Missão Botânica de Moçambique (1942-1948): contribuições para o conhecimento da flora medicinal de Moçambique
Authors: Conde Patrícia , Figueira Rui , Saraiva Susana , Catarino Luís , Romeiras Maria , Duarte Maria Cristina
Published: July 2014

O artigo revisita o espólio histórico-científico aduzido pela Missão Botânica de Moçambique (1942-1948) à guarda do Jardim Botânico Tropical do Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical (Lisboa), destacando os cadernos de campo dos seus coletores, com o objetivo de identificar os usos medicinais tradicionais da flora moçambicana. Tendo-se coligido informação relativa a 71 taxa (setenta espécies e um género), identificou-se a utilização medicinal de 34 espécies presumivelmente ainda não reportada para Moçambique, entre as quais, cinco cujo uso terapêutico ainda não havia sido atribuído ao continente africano. No total registaram-se 58 utilizações presumivelmente ainda não relatadas em Moçambique.
A abordagem historiográfica dos séculos XIX e XX sobre a atuação de médicos e boticários jesuítas na América platina no século XVIII
Authors: Fleck Eliane Cristina Deckmann
Published: July 2014

Analisam-se as posições de Pedro Arata, Moisés Santiago Bertoni, Carlos Leonhardt e Guillermo Furlong no debate sobre o papel da Companhia de Jesus na introdução e no desenvolvimento das ciências na América platina. Escritas entre 1890 e fins de 1950, as obras desses autores tanto analisam o conhecimento médico, farmacêutico e botânico dos missionários jesuítas nos séculos XVII e XVIII quanto avaliam a contribuição da Companhia para o pensamento científico nos países de colonização ibérica. Suas posições antecipam o debate historiográfico sobre o reacionarismo da ordem jesuíta e as reflexões sobre a contribuição dos saberes indígenas sobre a farmacopeia americana para o conhecimento que os missionários levaram aos continentes em que atuaram.
Democracia y conflicto en contextos pluralistas: entrevista con Chantal Mouffe
Authors: Mouffe Chantal , Ramos Aura Helena , Oliveira Anna Luiza A. R. Martins de , Oliveira Gustavo Gilson S. de , Mesquita Rui Gomes de Mattos de
Published: July 2014

Chantal Mouffe, junto al teórico político argentino Ernesto Laclau (1935-2014), lanzó, en 1985, las bases de la teoría del discurso. Luego, desarrolló su trabajo en el sentido de profundizar como influyen las formulaciones de la teoría del discurso en el análisis de las democracias contemporáneas. Abordando el conflicto como una producción del encuentro de la diferencia, Mouffe lo comprende como un aspecto indeleble en la constitución del social. En este encuentro con la autora, buscamos reflexionar algunos temas y problemáticas centrales de su trabajo, y las implicaciones de su teoría en el campo educacional contemporáneo.
Oxygen desaturation during the six-minute walk test in COPD patients
Authors: Moreira Maria Ângela Fontoura , Medeiros Gabriel Arriola de , Boeno Francesco Pinto , Sanches Paulo Roberto Stefani , Silva Júnior Danton Pereira da , Müller André Frotta
Published: July 2014

Objective: To evaluate the behavior of oxygen saturation curves throughout the six-minute walk test (6MWT) in patients with COPD. Methods: We included 85 patients, all of whom underwent spirometry and were classified as having moderate COPD (modCOPD, n = 30) or severe COPD (sevCOPD, n = 55). All of the patients performed a 6MWT, in a 27-m corridor with continuous SpO2 and HR monitoring by telemetry. We studied the SpO2 curves in order to determine the time to a 4% decrease in SpO2, the time to the minimum SpO2 (Tmin), and the post-6MWT time to return to the initial SpO2, the last designated recovery time (RT). For each of those curves, we calculated the slope. Results: The mean age in the modCOPD and sevCOPD groups was 66 ± 10 years and 62 ± 11 years, respectively. At baseline, SpO2 was > 94% in all of the patients; none received supplemental oxygen during the 6MWT; and none of the tests were interrupted. The six-minute walk distance did not differ significantly between the groups. The SpO2 values were lowest in the sevCOPD group. There was no difference between the groups regarding RT. In 71% and 63% of the sevCOPD and modCOPD group patients, respectively, a ≥ 4% decrease in SpO2 occurred within the first minute. We found that FEV1% correlated significantly with the ΔSpO2 (r = −0.398; p < 0.001), Tmin (r = −0.449; p < 0.001), and minimum SpO2 (r = 0.356; p < 0.005). Conclusions: In the sevCOPD group, in comparison with the modCOPD group, SpO2 was lower and the Tmin was greater, suggesting a worse prognosis in the former.
Tuberculosis in hospitalized patients: clinical characteristics of patients receiving treatment within the first 24 h after admission
Authors: Silva Denise Rossato , Silva Larissa Pozzebon da , Dalcin Paulo de Tarso Roth
Published: July 2014

Objective: To evaluate clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients hospitalized for tuberculosis, comparing those in whom tuberculosis treatment was started within the first 24 h after admission with those who did not. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study involving new tuberculosis cases in patients aged ≥ 18 years who were hospitalized after seeking treatment in the emergency room. Results: We included 305 hospitalized patients, of whom 67 (22.0%) received tuberculosis treatment within the first 24 h after admission ( ≤24h group) and 238 (88.0%) did not (>24h group). Initiation of tuberculosis treatment within the first 24 h after admission was associated with being female (OR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.06-3.74; p = 0.032) and with an AFB-positive spontaneous sputum smear (OR = 4.19; 95% CI: 1.94-9.00; p < 0.001). In the ≤24h and >24h groups, respectively, the ICU admission rate was 22.4% and 15.5% (p = 0.258); mechanical ventilation was used in 22.4% and 13.9% (p = 0.133); in-hospital mortality was 22.4% and 14.7% (p = 0.189); and a cure was achieved in 44.8% and 52.5% (p = 0.326). Conclusions: Although tuberculosis treatment was initiated promptly in a considerable proportion of the inpatients evaluated, the rates of in-hospital mortality, ICU admission, and mechanical ventilation use remained high. Strategies for the control of tuberculosis in primary care should consider that patients who seek medical attention at hospitals arrive too late and with advanced disease. It is therefore necessary to implement active surveillance measures in the community for earlier diagnosis and treatment.
Nicotine dependence and smoking habits in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Almeida Adriana Ávila de , Bandeira Celso Muller , Gonçalves Antonio José , Araújo Alberto José
Published: July 2014

Objective: To assess smoking habits and nicotine dependence (ND) in patients with head and neck cancer Methods: This study involved 71 smokers or former smokers with squamous cell carcinoma in the oral cavity, pharynx, or larynx who were treated at a university hospital in the city of São Paulo between January and May of 2010. We used the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence to evaluate smoking habits and ND in the sample. Data regarding cancer treatment were collected from medical records. Depending on the variables studied, we used the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, Student's t-test, or Spearman's correlation test. Results: Of the 71 patients, 47 (66.2%) presented with high or very high ND, 40 (56.3%) smoked more than 20 cigarettes/day, and 32 (45.1%) smoked their first cigarette within 5 min of awakening. Advanced disease stage correlated significantly with the number of cigarettes smoked per day (p = 0.011) and with smoking history (p = 0.047). We found that ND did not correlate significantly with gender, disease stage, smoking cessation, or number of smoking cessation attempts, nor did the number of cigarettes smoked per day correlate with smoking cessation or gender. Treatment for smoking cessation was not routinely offered. Conclusions: In most of the patients studied, the level of ND was high or very high. The prevalence of heavy smoking for long periods was high in our sample. A diagnosis of cancer is a motivating factor for smoking cessation. However, intensive smoking cessation treatment is not routinely offered to smoking patients diagnosed with cancer.
Large‐scale spatial variation in parasite communities influenced by anthropogenic factors
Authors: Altman Irit , Byers James E.
Published: July 2014

Parasites are integral members of natural communities, but large‐scale determinants of their abundance and diversity, including the importance of biotic and abiotic factors, both natural and anthropogenic, are often not well understood. Here, we examine which factors best predict larval trematode communities in the mudsnail host Ilyanassa obsoleta across a regional landscape. At 15 salt marsh sites spanning 200 km, we quantified the diversity of trematodes and the prevalence (i.e., proportion) of infected hosts and sampled a broad array of potential parasite predictors including abundance of intermediate and definitive hosts, habitat, nutrients, metals, roads, and sediment characteristics. We identified the set of best performing models to explain variability associated with five metrics of trematode prevalence and diversity using an information‐theoretic approach. Results indicate that several anthropogenic factors associate with this trematode community and that the direction of their influence differs. Road density around sites was a strong negative predictor of all trematode prevalence and species richness metrics. Nitrogen, another human influenced variable, was a strong positive predictor for the most abundant trematode species in the system. In addition, the abundance of definitive fish hosts was a positive predictor in several models, confirming the importance of this direct biological link to parasites. Other influential variables included sediment composition and heavy metals (arsenic, copper, lead, and zinc). We discuss possible direct and indirect mechanisms to explain these findings including that anthropogenic factors may be directly influencing free‐living stages of trematodes, or be acting as proxies of hard‐to‐measure hosts.