bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Détermination du carbone stocké par les ligneux dans la bande de servitude de la rivière Kou dans la Province du Houet (Burkina Faso)
Authors: Dembele Basirou , Gomgnimbou Alain P.K. , Yameogo Jérôme T. , Ouedraogo Osée W. , Hien Mipro
Published: May 2023

Dans un contexte de changement climatique, les écosystèmes forestiers jouent un rôle déterminant dans la séquestration du CO2. L’objectif de la présente étude était de contribuer à une meilleure connaissance du potentiel de séquestration du carbone dans le bassin versant du Kou. Des placettes circulaires de 1256,63 m2 ont été matérialisées dans les types d’occupation de sol. Les données obtenues ont été utilisées dans quatre équations allométriques : FAO 1 (1997), Mbow (2009), Mbow et al. (2013), et FAO 4 afin d’estimer la biomasse (AGB). L’estimation du CO2 atmosphérique, des formations s’est effectuée en multipliant le volume de carbone par 3,67. Il en ressort des résultats que le test de Kurskal-wallis (P-value < 2.2e-16) montre une différence significative entre les équations. La forêt galerie a les quantités de biomasse (2231,49 t/ha) et de carbone stocké les plus élevées (1254,5 tC/ha). La plus faible quantité de carbone stocké se trouve dans la zone des cultures irriguées (3,1 tC/ha). Le carbone atmosphérique total séquestré par les ligneux est estimé à 103 103,705 tonnes. Des actions de protection intégrale des berges du Kou pourront contribuer à accroître son potentiel de séquestration du carbone voire atténuer les effets du changement climatique.

English title: Determination of carbon stored by woody plants in the Kou River easement strip in the Houet Province (Burkina Faso)

In a context of climate change, forest ecosystems play a decisive role in CO2 sequestration. The objective of this study was to contribute to a better understanding of the potential for carbon sequestration in the Kou watershed. Circular plots of 1256.63 m2 were materialized in the types of land use. The data obtained were used in four allometric equations: FAO 1 (1997), Mbow (2009), Mbow et al. (2013), and FAO 4 in order to estimate the biomass (AGB). The estimation of atmospheric CO2, formations was made by multiplying the volume of carbon by 3.67. The results show that the Kurskal-wallis test (P-value < 2.2e-16) shows a significant difference between the equations. The gallery forest has the highest amounts of biomass (2231.49 t/ha) and stored carbon (1254.5 tC/ha). The lowest amount of stored carbon is found in the area irrigated crops (3.1 tC/ha). Total atmospheric carbon sequestrated by woody species is estimated at 103,103.705 tonnes. Integral protection actions for the banks of the Kou could contribute to increasing its carbon sequestration potential and even mitigating the effects of climate change.
Etude ethnobotanique des ligneux fourragers dans la commune de Guibaré au Burkina Faso
Authors: Traore Linda C. Gabriella , Ouattara Minata , Sanou Sita , Sanon H. Oumou , Bougouma-Yameogo Valérie
Published: May 2023

Dans un contexte climatique de plus en plus contraignant, les ligneux fourrager jouent un rôle important pour les animaux et les populations en zone rurale. L’objectif de cette étude était d’apprécier la diversité de ligneux présents dans la zone nord-soudanienne du Burkina et caractériser les utilisations faites par les populations. Pour ce faire un questionnaire semi-ouvert a été administré à 120 personnes. 41 espèces à usages multiples ont été inventoriées. Il ressort huit catégories d’usages des ligneux à l’affouragement (18,3%), la fertilisation des sols (18%), le bois d’énergie (16,7%), la génération de revenus (14,53%), l’alimentation humaine (13,3%), la santé humaine (8,91%), la construction (8,88) et la santé animale (1,46%). Les feuilles et les fruits sont très prisés par les animaux (29-25%) et les hommes (8-19%). Tandis qu’en pharmacopée, ce sont les écorces (13%). Le Piliostigma reticulatum (5,9), Vitellaria paradoxa (5,6), Lannea microcarpa (4,9), Azadirachta indica (4,7), et le Tamarindus indica (3,8) ont les valeurs d’usage et les indices de vulnérabilité les plus élevés (IV> 2,5). La régénération naturelle est le mode courant de gestion des ligneux. En somme les ligneux ont une grande importance pour les populations, mais elles subissent une forte pression anthropique qui menacent leur survie.

English title: Ethnobotanical study of the use of fodder plants in the commune of Guibaré in Burkina Faso

In a context of climate variability and change, increasingly constraining, fodder trees play an important role for animals and populations in rural areas. The objective of this study was to assess the diversity of woody plants present in the northern Sudanian zone of Burkina Faso and to characterize the uses made by the populations. To this end, a semi-open questionnaire was administered to 120 people. 41 multiple-use species were inventoried. Eight categories of use of woody plants emerged: fodder (18.3%), soil fertilization (18%), energy wood (16.7%), income generation (14.53%), human food (13.3%), human health (8.91%), construction (8.88%) and animal health (1.46%). The leaves and fruits are highly valued by animals (29-25%) and humans (8-19%). While in pharmacopoeia, it is the barks (13%). Piliostigma reticulatum (5.9), Vitellaria paradoxa (5.6), Lannea microcarpa (4.9), Azadirachta indica (4.7), and Tamarindus indica (3.8) have the highest use values and vulnerability indices (IV> 2.5). Natural regeneration is the common way of managing woody plants. In sum, woody plants are of great importance to the populations, but they are under strong anthropic pressure that threatens their survival.
Water in the ksours: what genius? case of Timimoun and Tiout (Algeria)
Authors: Ait Saadi M. H. , Remini B.
Published: May 2023

What a genius, building a home for more than 10 centuries in the Sahara desert with all the necessary amenities to withstand a hyper-arid climate like that of Timimoun and Tiout. During our work missions during the period: 2000-2019 in the south-west of the Sahara, we were interested in the feeding of Timimoun ksours by the foggaras. This study shows that feeding ksar water remains an unresolved problem for the ksouriens of the Sahara. Two success stories in this area of water have been cited in this paper. These are the ksours of Timimoun which are fed by the foggaras. The ksar of Tiout was supplied with water by an ancestral dam. These are the two cases of the Sahara that have benefited from water with zero energy. These two examples demonstrate the ingenuity of the ksours population. If after ten centuries, the oasis have managed to master the architecture of the ksours, against the supply of ksar in water has shortcomings.
The assessment of compatibility of wastewater treated by natural lagoon with discharge and irrigation standards. Case study
Authors: Djaani M. , Baba amer Z.
Published: May 2023

In order to protect the environment and the groundwater against pollution, we dealt with one of the problems in the world, regarding the treatment of wastewater and the possibility of reuse with irrigation. We studied the case of the Kef Eddouken natural lagoon treatment plant in Ghardaia (southern Algeria). For this reason we studied the physico-chemical, bacteriological and parsitological parameter of waste and treated water. The results of the analysis show that all the previous parameters comply with the Algerian standard of rejection except electrical conductivity, suspended matter and BOD5. On the other hand, despite the electrical conductivity exceeds the limit, but it corresponds to the SAR value; according to the Algerian and the international standard of irrigation, this quality of water can be used sub-irrigation for vegetable which eaten only cooked.
Assessment of the electricity generation, desalination, and wastewater treatment efficiencies of a microbial desalination cell operating with electrolyte dilution as pH control measure
Authors: Imoro A. Z. , Moses M. , Buamah R.
Published: May 2023

In this study, the dilution of anolyte and catholyte as a pH control measure in a newly developed microbial desalination cell (MDC) was explored. Also, the effects of dilution on the newly developed MDC’s electricity generation, desalination and wastewater treatment efficiencies were assessed against a three-chamber MDC which used potassium phosphate buffer for pH control. On the average, the newly developed MDC exhibited a lower buffer capacity (pH change of 1.73 ± 0.06) as compared to the relatively higher buffer capacity (pH change of 1.49 ± 0.07) of the three-chamber MDC. However, the newly developed MDC produced a higher desalination efficiency of 50.01% compared to the 46.66% produced by the three-chamber MDC and a higher power density of 0.62 ± 0.13 W/m3 than the 0.35 ± 0.70 W/m3 produced by the three-chamber MDC. It’s COD reduction efficiency (63.21%) was also higher than the 42.81% produced by the three-chamber MDC.
Performance analysis on air conditioning system using storage of cold, application located in Ouargla (east-south of Algeria)
Authors: Guermit T. , Settou N. , Bechki D.
Published: May 2023

The increase in refrigeration load demand coincides with peak periods of electricity consumption during the summer, representing a peak period of electricity consumption a new challenge, in this configuration, the use of refrigerated storage in residential complexes for reducing the energy consumption of electricity during peak periods, charging cold storage tanks outside the peak period until they are used to maximum cover the high cooling load, we have chosen a desert area of Ouargla (East-South Algeria) to determine the influence of different parameters on energy consumption and to compare the cost of consumption without storage and with storage.
Diachronic analysis of soil occupancy using remote detection tools in Tlemcen Province southern (western Algeria)
Authors: Addoun M. , Ayache A. , Hellal B. , Ayad N.
Published: May 2023

The diachronic land use analysis, performed by processing the sensor data, is based on the 10-and 30-yearchange maps. The dynamics of the vegetation is followed by the application of the NDVI. The gradual and regressive changes in the components of land use reached the rates of 44.78% and -29.21% respectively. The most reduced surfaces are the forest massifs, the steppe area and to a lesser extent the waters of the saline surfaces (dayet). Cereal crops, urban and mineral areas, on the other hand, have increased in area to the detriment of the natural plant cover. The stability of the studied area recorded only a rate of 26.01%. This rate represented only ¼ of the area of the south of Tlemcen region.
Prevalence and antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli isolated from abattoir and aquaculture environment in Ebonyi State, South East Nigeria.
Authors: Onuoha S.C. , Okafor C.O.O. , Eronmosele B.O. , Ovia K.N. , Nwosu M.C. , Onwere C.C. , Ude I.U. , Ezeme-Nwafor A.C. , Ani P.
Published: May 2023

Background: The present study was carried out to evaluate the distribution and antibiotics profile of Escherichia coli from abattoir and aquaculture.Methods: Abattoir and aquaculture effluents were randomly collected from various parts of Abakaliki in Ebonyi State. Bacterial detection was conducted using cultural and biochemical analysis. Susceptibility of the E. coli to antimicrobials was investigated using the Kirby- Bauer disk diffusion method.Results: The microbial load from abattoirs ranges from 0.26±0.11x107 to 4.08±0.11x107 cfu/ml and aquacultures 0.40±0.04x107 to 4.06±2.74x107 cfu/ml differ significantly (P<0.05). Out of the total 44 E. coli isolates from abattoir, drainage shows the highest E. coli isolates (40.9 %) and waste water least (22.7 %), while of the 18 E. coli isolates from aquaculture, 55.6 % were from concrete pond, while 44.4 % were from earthen pond. The E. coli isolates showed reasonable susceptibility to cefeprime (62.5 %), followed by imipenem (50. 0 %). However, all the E. coli isolates were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefixime, cefotaxime and tobramycin. E. coli MAR index range from 0.4 - 0.9.Conclusion: The high microbial load, antibiotic resistance and higher MAR index >2 is of public health concern and further demonstrates the need for adequate treatment and disposal of waste generated from abattoir and aquaculture.
Evaluating some haemostatic profiles and platelet aggregation in gestational diabetes mellitus subjects
Authors: Atere A.D. , Kosamat Y.A. , Adeyemi O.A. , Zubairu S.O. , Akanni O.E.
Published: May 2023

Background: Hypercoagulability has been linked to an increase in risk factors, making diabetes a major cause of morbidity and mortality in low-income countries like Nigeria. This research examined some haemostatic parameters in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methodology: A total of 100 subjects consisting of 40 GDM, 30 non-gestational diabetes pregnant women (NGPW) attending the ante-natal clinic of the hospital and 30 women with neither diabetes nor pregnancy (NDNP) were enrolled as controls in this study. Ten milliliters of blood was collected and dispensed into an appropriate anticoagulant bottle. Prothrombin time (PT), Activated partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT), complete blood count (CBC) and fasting blood sugar (FBS) was estimated using standard techniques.Results: There was a significantly higher in the mean values of FBS, PT, APTT and WBC among GDM and NGPW when compared with NPNP (p<0.05), while PCV was lower. FBS has positive correlation with PT and APTT while it shows negative correlation with platelet. APTT had a little edge over PT with higher area under the ROC curve of 0.997 than PT among GDM.Conclusion: In this study, women with GDM have considerably longer PT and APTT than NGPW and NDNP. Therefore, there may be possibility of haemorrhagic complications in gestational diabetes.
Adding Negation to Lambda Mu
Authors: van Bakel Steffen
Published: May 2023

We present $\cal L$, an extension of Parigot's $\lambda\mu$-calculus by
adding negation as a type constructor, together with syntactic constructs that
represent negation introduction and elimination. We will define a notion of
reduction that extends $\lambda\mu$'s reduction system with two new reduction
rules, and show that the system satisfies subject reduction. Using Aczel's
generalisation of Tait and Martin-L\"of's notion of parallel reduction, we show
that this extended reduction is confluent. Although the notion of type
assignment has its limitations with respect to representation of proofs in
natural deduction with implication and negation, we will show that all
propositions that can be shown in there have a witness in $\cal L$. Using
Girard's approach of reducibility candidates, we show that all typeable terms
are strongly normalisable, and conclude the paper by showing that type
assignment for $\cal L$ enjoys the principal typing property.
In Captivity of the Body: Intersex(-uality) in the First Half of the 20th Century
Authors: Vídeňská Denisa
Published: May 2023

The paper focuses on the issue of intersexuality in the Czech medical discourse during the first half of the 20th century, when the term “intersex”, which is officially used today and distinct from intersexuality, did not yet exist. Intersexuality can be understood as a universal category within which doctors linked various other issues, such as hermaphroditism, pseudohermaphroditism, and homosexuality. Doctors attempted to label the variability of the human body, but were heavily influenced by their own ideas of the “ideal” male and female body and unable to think beyond these binary categories. In the past, any deviation from the normative was often considered a disease. Dictionaries and medical manuals were used to develop theoretical understandings of these concepts. The study also examines the literary work of the Czech physician Emil Tréval (a.k.a. Walter), who, in his novel Maia, presented the story of a man who was born as a hermaphrodite and struggled with this stigma throughout the plot. The second example refers to a real-life case of a person identified as a man in society, despite being born with a female biological body, referred to by doctors with the initials A.H. The doctors labelled A.H. as homosexual and a transvestite, which we now consider to be incorrect from a modern perspective.
Photostability of bacteriochlorophyll „a“ and bacteriopheophytin „a“ against UV-A, UV-B and visible light treatments in methanol solutions
Authors:   University of Niš, Faculty of Technology Leskovac, Lazarević Aleksandar , Petrović Sanja ,   University of Niš, Faculty of Technology Leskovac, Cvetković Dragan ,   University of Niš, Faculty of Technology Leskovac, Stanojević Ljiljana ,   University of Niš, Faculty of Technology Leskovac, Cvijović Mirjana ,   2University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Zvezdanović Jelena ,   University of Niš, Faculty of Technology Leskovac
Published: May 2023

Bacteriochlorins as the porphyrins derivatives are well known photosensitizers with great potential for use in various fields of pharmacy and medicine. Photostability of selected bacteriochlorins, bacteriochlorophyll a and bacteriopheophytin a, in different methanol solutions (with and without lipids) during continual UV-A, UV-B and visible light treatments were studied using absorption UV-VIS spectroscopy providing kinetic analysis. Applied irradiation treatments resulted in irreversible degradation of both selected bacteriochlorins obeying the first order of kinetics. Bacteriopheophytin a showed significantly higher photostability in comparison to bacteriochlorophyll a for all applied irradiation treatments, for about one to three orders of magnitude. Photochemical degradation of bacteriochlorins is energy dependant process, governed by photons energy input.Lipid environment play stability role for both bacteriochlorins against all, UV-A, UV-B and visible light treatments. Bacteriopheophytin a induced lipid peroxidation processduring UV-A irradiation treatment.
It’s about time
Authors:   OndaLabs R&D Consultancy, the Philippines, Hobley Jonathan
Published: May 2023

Time is an enigmatic dimension. People assign somewhat mystical properties to time, especially the prospect of time travel. Nearly everyone has considered the possibility of a time machine at some point in their life, and this isn’t just because of the author Jules Verne. When you consider wanting a time machine, do you want to travel forwards or backwards in time? Since we are always apparently moving forwards in time, I would assume that the obsession is going backwards. The reason for this is that all people make mistakes and have regrets, and they would like to do some things differently in hindsight. But these are all humanistic desires, and it is this humanistic desire that incites people to give a mystical and magical property to time. It is probable that most people would wish to correct a past mistake at some point in their lives. The truth is that people can atone for their mistakes, but they can never absolutely undo them as if they never happened. The desire and ability to reverse time is currently only scientific on a psychological level. In fact, in the absence of some as-yet undiscovered physics the arrow of time is decided by Bolzmann’s entropy, therefore if a person can appreciate the meaning of entropy then they will fundamentally understand the arrow of time. Hence, chemistry students are in a good position when it comes to understanding time.
Coffee – from plant to popular beverage
Authors:   University of Niš, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Department of Chemistry, Petrov Katarina Z. , Nikolić Jelena S. ,   University of Niš, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Department of Chemistry
Published: May 2023

Coffee, one of the most popular beverages in modern world, is obtained from the beans of perennial bush Coffea. The distinctive aroma and taste of coffee is obtained by thermal treatment (roasting) of raw coffee beans. There are different degrees of roasting that can be divided according to the color of the grain: easy, medium, dark and Italian. The most famous types of coffee used in the production of beverages are Arabica and Robusta. Raw coffee beans contain a certain amount of caffeine, sugar, essential oil, potassium, calcium and magnesium. Roasting the grains leads to the loss of dry matter through formation of carbon dioxide, water and volatile products of pyrolysis. Coffee also has a moderate healing effect, while in overdoses it causes rapid heartbeat, insomnia, even euphoria.
Análise de dados espectrais aplicados a índices de queima em área do sudeste do estado do Tocantins
Authors: Brito Alecsander Gomes , Dias Ricardo Ribeiro
Published: May 2023

O Cerrado é um bioma singular em termos de biodiversidade e de paisagens, e em ameaça por ações antrópicas, entre elas as queimadas. Um dos recursos para o monitoramento de queimadas é o sensoriamento remoto, que permite observação de vastas áreas e de difícil acesso. Dentre as técnicas de monitoramento de queimadas, pode-se citar o índice NBR e seus derivados, o dNBR e o RdNBR. Assim, este estudo foi realizado buscando mapear as áreas queimadas e sua severidade na região sudeste do estado do Tocantins através de imagens OLI/Landsat-8 e MSI/Sentinel-2 durante o período seco da região. A partir da aplicação dos índices, têm-se como resultado que o índice mais adequado à área é o dNBR, utilizando imagens OLI/Landsat-8, por apresentar maior convergência com os focos de calor e apresentar menor superestimação de áreas queimadas. Foi possível cartografar três polígonos de áreas queimadas com o total de 32.667,16 ha, distribuídas em dois níveis de severidade: baixa severidade (32.351,35 ha) e severidade moderada baixa (315,81 ha). As classes de cobertura do solo mais afetadas em extensão pela passagem do fogo foram: Floresta Estacional Decidual, Savana / Floresta Estacional Semidecidual (Encrave), Formações Savânicas, Floresta Estacional Semidecidual; e as menos afetadas são as Áreas Antrópicas Agrícolas. Assim, é possível concluir que as florestas estacionais são mais suscetíveis ao fogo, e que o índice dNBR possui boa aplicabilidade para o monitoramento de áreas queimadas.
Research of the socio-psychological adaptation problem of college freshmen
Authors: Myrzatayeva B. P. , Toleubayeva M. S.
Published: May 2023

The adaptation of first-year students is one of the main problems in the field of modern research. The adaptation period takes place during the entire training period. However, the most important stage is the training in the first year, which requires its own foundation. The professional activity of a future specialist depends on the level of his adaptation. The article presents the results of an ascertaining experiment to study the socio-psychological adaptation of college freshmen. The research work was carried out on the basis of the Almaty State Polytechnic College. The study involved first-year students studying in various fields. The study showed that there are students in the educational institution who find it difficult to adapt. It is necessary to create optimal conditions for the successful adaptation of students to college. In order to overcome anxiety, fear, communication difficulties, correct self-esteem, correct formation of one's self in the process of adaptation to college, a specially developed training program of psychological support should be implemented, aimed at creating a favorable psychological climate in the team, as well as the development of effective interpersonal communication skills.
ANALISA PENGELASAN DISSMILAR BAJA TAHAN KARAT AISI 304 DAN AISI 201 DENGAN METODE MIG TERHADAP KEKUATAN IMPAK
Authors: Purba Rudi , Purba Stephan , Siahaan Enzo W.B , Sebayang Sawin
Published: May 2023

ABSTRAK

Pengelasan merupakan  proses  pengerjaan  yang  memegang  peranan  sangat  penting. Saat ini hampir tidak ada logam yang tidak dapat dilas, karena telah banyak teknologi baru yang  ditemukan  dengan  cara-cara  pengelasan Penggunaan las yang berbeda mengurangi biaya dan meningkatkan kinerja dalam produksi komponen yang dibuat oleh bahan tunggal. Bahkan, produk yang diperoleh menawarkan bahan berbeda pengelasan dan teknis keunggulan ekonomi dibandingkan komponen yang dibangun dari satu. Tujuan penelitian yaituMengetahui kekuatan impak  hasil pengelasan MIG pada baja tahan karat AISI 304 dan AISI 201, Mengetahui diagram kekuatan impak, diagram rata-rata diserap dan diagram rata-rata harga impak Kegiatan penelitian ini dilakukan Bengkel Las Mahkamah Medan ( Proses Pengelasan) dan pungujian impak di Laboratorium Pendidikan Teknologi Kimia Industri (PTKI) Medan Dalam penelitian ini jenis las yang digunakan adalah gas metal arc welding (GMAW) atau Metal inert gas (MIG). Sebelum proses pengelasan dimulai, logam induk yang sudah dibuat kampuh las tersebut harus dibersihkan dari kotoran seperti debu, minyak, oli atau gemuk, karat, air dan lain sebagainya untuk menghindari terjadinya cacat las.Pengujian impak adalah jenis pengujian yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar kekuatan material tersebut. Hasil penelitian yaitu Dari pengujian impak didapatkan harga impak rata – rata pada spesimen pengelasan dengan kuat arus  80 A sebesar 0,898 J/mm2, untuk spesimen dengan kuat arus  100 A sebesar 1,499 J/mm2, untuk spesimen 120 A sebesar 1,019J/mm2 untuk hasil pengujian energi serapan rata-rata  diperoleh bahwa kuat arus 80 A memiliki energi serapan sebesar 36,310 J/mm2  , kuat arus 100 A sebesar 61,241 J/mm2 dan kuat arus 120 A sebesar 40,679 J/mm2
RANCANG BANGUN MESIN PENGIRIS PISANG VERTIKAL UNTUK KERIPIK MENGGUNAKAN MATA PISAU PIRING ROTARY KAPASITAS 20 KG/JAM
Authors: Sinaga Rio Andri Noven , Sinaga Roy Frengki Alianda , Siahaan Enzo W.B , Sitanggang Hodmiantua
Published: May 2023

Keripik pisang adalah salah satu makanan ringan yang sangat digemari oleh masyarakat mulai dari masyarakat perkotaan sampai masyarakat pedesaan. Sesuai dengan perkembangan teknologi dan tuntutan masyarakat akan makanan ringan yaitu keripik pisang, maka berbagai cara dan bentuk mesin pengiris pisang pun muncul. Ada beberapa mesin yang digerakkan dengan tangan atau manual tentunya dengan kapasitas yang kecil, ada pula yang digerakkan oleh motor dan tentunya dengan kapasitas yang jauh lebih besar. Maka penulis merancang mesin pengiris pisang untuk keripik dengan kapasitas 20 kg/jam menggunakan plat penekan sebagai penekan pisang yang akan diiris agar mudah dalam pengerjaannya. Plat penekan digerakkan oleh ulir penekan dengan panjan ulir penekan yang direncanakan 180 mm dan berdiameter 25 mm. Plat yang digunakan adalah plat yang terbuat dari stainless steel dengan ketebalan 3 mm, lebar plat penekan 100 mm, panjang plat penekan 350 mm. Diameter piringan pembawa pisau pengiris 350 mm, panjang pisau pengiris 120 mm, lebar pisau pengiris 20 mm. Poros menggunakan bahan baja karbon yang difinishing dingin yaitu S35C-D.
PERENCANAAN POMPA SENTRIFUGAL UNTUK PENGADAAN AIR PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT KAPASITAS 60 TON TBS/JAM
Authors: Norman Rizki , Telaumbanua Joshua Andreano , Purba Rasta
Published: May 2023

Fungsi pompa sentrifugal beguna untuk memindahkan zat cair (fluida) dari suatu tempat yang lebih rendah ke suatu tempat yang lebih tinggi, diakibat dari perbedaan tekanan isap dan tekanan buang, dimana pompa sentrifugal tersebut mengubah energi mekanik menjadi energi hidrolis dengan menggunakan gaya sentrifugal. Pompa sentrifugal bekeja ketika energi mekanik dari motor menggerakan sudu-sudu pompa (rotor), dan berikutnya energi mekanik tersebut akan membawa fluida sehingga fluida tersebut akan terlempar keluar dikarenakan gaya sentrifugal. Konstruksi dari pompa sentrifugal ini terdiri dari casing, lubang isap (Suction Port) dan lubang tekan (Discharge Port), poros, impeller, vane dan bantalan radial. Perencanaan pompa ini direncanakan untuk pengadaan air di pabrik kelapa sawit dengan kapasitas pabrik sebesar 60 Ton TBS/jam.Sumber air yang diambil dari air sungai tidak jauh dari pabrik sebelum air dipakai untuk kebutuhan pabrik, harus di treatment setelah di tretment air tersebut dipergunakan untuk air umpan boiler, perumahaan (domestik), bengkel, kantor, laboratorium dan instalasi pengolahan pabrik dan lain-lain. Tujuan perencanaan ini adalah untuk menghitung daya pompa,daya electromotor dan putaran motor diikuti dengan perhitungan-perhitungan komponen-komponen pompa lainnya, sehingga dapat melayani pengadaan air dalam satu pabrik PKS.
PERENCANANAN MESIN NUT ELEVATOR DENGAN KAPASITAS 60 TON/JAM YANG DIGUNAKAN PADA PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT DI PT. TASIK RAJA
Authors: Prasetiawan Haris Dauri , Sihombing Ridcad Fernando , Siahaan Enzo W.B , Pardede Saut
Published: May 2023

Elevator digunakan dalam mempermudah pengangkatan barang dari posisi terendah menuju posisi yang lebih tinggi. Prinsip elevator menggunakan roda gigi yang berputar dan mengggerakan beban dari bawah ke atas. Metode ini digunakan dalam pkonsep penelitian sebagai alat guna mengangkut kelapa sawit dari lantai menuju corong perebusan. Penelitian ini menkaji elevator yang digunakan guna mengangkut kelapa sawit  berkapasitas 60 ton TBS/jam. Serta untuk 100 kg TBS diperoleh bahwa 13 % sehingga memperoleh 60 ton TBS/jam. Dengan kapasitas 780 kg/putaran, kapasitas bucket 4,024 kg dan daya motor penggerak 8 kw,  sehingga menghasilkan putaran motor penggerak 1450 rpm.
PERENCANAAN POMPA AXIAL SUBMERSIBLE UNTUK MENGATASI BANJIR DI KOTA MEDAN
Authors: Silaban Hengki  Elikardo T.N. , Hasballah T. , Pardede Saut
Published: May 2023

Banjir merupakan permasalahan yang tiap masa hujan menyerang kota Area. Banjir yang terjalin disebabkan Sedikitnya wilayah resapan air, saluran drainase yang kurang baik, pendangkalan saluran drainase dampak Kerutinan warga membuang kotor di bengawan. Banjir yang terjalin di wilayah Bengawan Deli Sekelilingnya disebabkan elevasi ketinggian saluran drainase pada area kawasan tinggal masyarakat serupa dengan bengawan, alhasil air hujan tidak bisa dialirkan secara gaya tarik bumi mengarah bengawan. Buat menanggulangi permasalahan itu Pompa di bangun agar gerakan didalam saluran drainase bisa dipercepat di campakkan ke bengawan. Bawah dari penyusunan kapasitas pompa axial submersibel merupakan besarnya keseriusan curah hujan maksimal serta besar area yang hendak dikeringkan pada wilayah Kota Area. Sehabis diperoleh kapasitas pompa, berikutnya didetetapkan head, energi pompa serta putaran motor. Setelah itu dicoba penyusunan impeller pompa dengan tata cara kalkulasi airfoil serta bagian pompa yang lain semacam sudu instruktur, poros, bearing, serta baji. Dari hasil penyusunan yang dicoba diterima sesuatu design pompa axial submersible dengan kapasitas sebesar 5 m3 atau s, head sebesar meter serta energi pompa.
RANCANG BANGUN MESIN PENGGALI LUBANG TANAH BERDIAMETER 45 CM UNTUK PENANAMAN BIBIT SAWIT
Authors: Sitorus Boyke Sahputra , Subagyo Ferdyawan , Hasballah T. , Siahaan Enzo WB
Published: May 2023

Dalam rangka peningkatan produksi perkebunan, factor sarana dan prasarana yang mendukung kegiatan tersebut perlu diperhatikan. Salah satunya adalah proses penanaman yaitu kegiatan pembuatan lubang tanam. lubang tanam yang sesuai dengan ukuran tanaman bertujuan agar pertumbuhan tanaman dapat berlangsung secara optimum dan meningkatan daya hasil tanaman. Berdasarkan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi perlu mengembangan suatu alat pelubang tanah untuk penanaman bibit sawit berupa perancangan yang sesuai dengan kondisi lapangan. Perancangan ini memiliki tujuan memodifikasi alat baru dan dapat menyelesakan masalah-masalah pada umumnya petani melakukan penanaman dengan cara dicangkul atau dilubangi secara manual dengan alat seperti cangkul dan ulir manual. Penaman cara tersebut kurang efektif karenakan unsur penanaman yang dilakukan tidak sepenuhnya diperoleh. Aplikasi penanaman dengan cara melubangi tanah, perancangan alat pengebor tanah dari beberapa elemen yang terpisah kedalam satu kesatuan yang utuh dan berfungsi. Hasil rancangan alat ini didapat daya penggerak 0.81 kW dengan putaran 6000 rpm. Selanjtnya daya poros 0.441 kW dan putaran 4000 rpm. Komponen utama pada modifikasi ini adalah pada putaran transmisi yang memiliki satu putaran  dan cara pembuatan screw dengan panjang poros screw 100 cm, diameter ulir 45 cm, dan tebal daun screw 5 mm dengan bahan poros ST.37. Dari hasil rancangan dan praktek alat pelubang tanah dapat menghasilkan pekerjaan dengan mudah dan modern.
RANCANG BANGUN MESIN PENCACAH SAMPAH ORGANIK KAPASITAS 15 KG/JAM
Authors: Hutasoit Sandri C. , Silalahi Yoga , Siahaan Enzo W.B , Tarigan Kristian
Published: May 2023

Dewasa ini, sampah telah menjadi masalah yang merajalela yang dapat mengganggu lingkungan. Diharapkan dengan adanya perancangan alat atau mesin penghancur sampah organik ini dapat meringankan permasalahan sampah organik. Perancangan ini bertujuan untuk membuat mesin penghancur sampah organik yang menggunakan mesin bensin sebagai sumber tenaganya. rancangan. Hasil Perancangan Nilai kapasitas efektif rata-rata penghancur sampah organik ini adalah 49,12kg/jam hasil dari tiga kali peremukan sampah organik dengan berat bahan 2kg. Dari hasil agregasi tersebut, rata-rata waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk mencacah 2 kg sampah adalah 2,1 menit. Membandingkan hasil pemotongan dengan massa awal bahan (2 kg) memberikan titik luluh 88,8%. Nilai hasil yang rendah disebabkan kurang dari jumlah maksimum bahan robek yang dikeluarkan dari hopper dan saluran pembuangan harus diubah.
RANCANG BANGUN MESIN PERONTOK PADI MENGUNAKAN MESIN SEPEDA MOTOR SEBAGAI PENGGERAK
Authors: Surbakti Menda Syahputra , Hutajulu Budiman , Hasballah T. , Siahaan Enzo W.B
Published: May 2023

Alat perontok padi konvensional yang membutuhkan pemutaran menggunakan pedal kaki sehingga proses perontokkan dapat dimulai dinilai tidak efektif dan efisien. Proses ini membutuhkan waktu yang cukup lama sehingga dapat membuat lelah para petani yang melakukan kerja tersebut.  Mesin perontok padi yang ada dinilai belum efektif dan belum efisien dalam membantu petani untuk mengolah hasil panennya. Dibutuhkan mekanisme kerja yang dapat mempercepat pengolahan perontokan padi. Dibutuhkan sistem perawatan dan perbaikan mesin perontok padi.Tujuan penelitian Merancang alat yang efektif dan efisien untuk meningkatkan produktivitas perontokan padi          . Merancang mesin perontok padi dengan mekanisme yang lebih cepat dalam mengolah hasil panen. Mengetahui cara merawat dan memperbaiki mesin perontok padi yang dibuat. Metode penelitian  Survei lapangan untuk penulisan tugas akhir dan perancangan mesin perontok padi dilakukan pada pertanian padi yang menggunakan metoda konvensional (tradisional). Terdapat banyak petani yang masih melakukan proses pemisahan padi dengan metoda konvensional. Wawancara dilakukan terhadap petani yang membutuhkan mesin perontok padi. Para petani mengeluhkan proses yang membutuhkan waktu yang cukup lama apabila proses pemisahan dilakukan dengan sumber daya manusia. Proses yang dilakukan secara manual juga menyebabkan tenaga yang lebih untuk menghasilkan produk padi. Hasil penelitian yaitu Mesin hasil rancangan memiliki bobot yang lebih ringan apabila dibandingkan dengan mesin yang telah ada dikarenakan menggunakan komponen yang kecil ataupun ringan dan komponennya yang mudah untuk dilepas maupun dipasang. Mesin perontok padi yang telah dirancang mampu merontokkan padi sebanyak 500 kg/jam. Membuat tabel untuk perawatan secara berkala terhadap mesin perontok padi yang dapat diikuti oleh operator mesin.
RANCANG BANGUN MESIN PEMIPIL JAGUNG DIAGONAL DENGAN MATA PISAU BADSAW KAPASITAS OLAH 80 KG/JAM
Authors: Siregar Erwin Agustinus , Naibaho Jiswil Bastian , Hasballah T. , Pardede Saut P
Published: May 2023

Mesin pemipil jagung metode mata pisau badsaw dengan sistem mata pisau pemipil  adalah model mesin yang menggunakan mata pemipil yang bertujuan untuk mengurangi kerugian energi pada mesin. Sistem langsung digunakan untuk melepaskan biji jagung dari tungkulnya dan juga dilengkapi dengan mata pisau pemipil berbentuk badsaw dan kontruksi mesin pemipil jagung yang menggunakan mata pisau pemipil sekaligus sebagai poros penggerak yang dapat mengatur kecepatan produksi mencapai kapasitas 80 kg/jam. Ukuran mata pisau pemipil direncanakan menggunakan mata pisau jenis baru yang didesain dan dibuat berdasarkan pengujian di bengkel yg diharapkan pemipilan berjalan sempurna dan mendapatkan hasil kapasitas produk. Untuk sistem mata pisau badsaw menggunakan pipa besi yang telah direncanakan atau di perhitungkan berdasarkan analisa tungkul. Putaran kerja mata pisau badsaw pemipil dan puli sebagai pemutar yang langsung menepel di poros mata pisau dianalisa dan direncanakan sesuai kapasitas produksi.
RANCANG BANGUN DAN PENGUJIAN POMPA HIDRAM (HYDRAULIC RAM PUMP) DIGUNAKAN DI DESA SEI MUSAM DUSUN NAMUNGGAS
Authors: Pane Bembi Fertinus , Akbar Sayyid , Hasballah T. , Pardede Saut
Published: May 2023

Air merupakan mata air yang menjadi kebutuhan utama dalam kehidupan manusia. Namun, sulit diperoleh, seperti yang ditemukan oleh penduduk Desa Sei Musam di Dusun Tapiggas. Masyarakat Desa Sei Musam di Dusun Tapiggas kesulitan mendapatkan air bersih karena kondisi alam. kondisi pegunungan dan letak sumber air yang jauh dari pemukiman. Tentunya dengan menggunakan pompa air dapat mengatasi masalah ini, namun masyarakat Desa Sei Musam di Dusun Tapiggas tidak memiliki banyak uang untuk dibelanjakan. Teknologi penyediaan air bersih masih memanfaatkan pompa yang digerakkan motor listrik.Mayoritas pompa ini beroperasi dengan bahan bakar minyak atau energi listrik.Pompa ram hidrolik adalah salah satu teknologi baru yang dikembangkan.Prinsip palu air menggerakkan ram hidrolik.Perubahan mendadak dalam aliran massa fluida akan menyebabkan tekanan naik ketika aliran fluida tiba-tiba tersumbat. Tanah diturunkan dengan menggunakan tekanan air yang meningkat. Akibatnya, pompa hydram yang g menghasilkan tenaga dari air dikembangkan.Bila mempertimbangkan pompa ram hidrolik penulis, Pompa Ram Hidrolik adalah jawabannya karena tidak memerlukan bahan bakar.Salah satu peralatan yang memindahkan cairan dari satu lokasi ke lokasi lain adalah pompa.Air, oli, dan fluida incompressible lainnya adalah contoh dari fluida tersebut.Hydra pump, juga dikenal sebagai hydraulic ram, adalah singkatan dari kata hydro.and ram (stroke demi stroke) untuk mengartikan tekanan air.Berikut adalah definisi dari hydraulic ram pump :pompa yang tenaga atau tenaganya dihasilkan oleh tekanan atau tumbukan air yang melewati pipa.Karena Desa Sei Musam berada di pegunungan, sulit untuk mendapatkan air ke rumah-rumah penduduk. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pompa dengan kapasitas air yang diijinkan sebesar 0,25 m3/s untuk mengalirkan air bersih ke rumah-rumah penduduk, menurut PIPA.diterbitkan dan diterima Pompa hidrolik adalah suatu alat yang menggunakan tenaga air sendiri untuk memindahkan air dari lebih rendah ke posisi yang lebih tinggi.Mudah digunakan dan bekerja dengan baik dalam kondisi yang diperlukan untuk pengoperasiannya.Alat ini menggunakan tekanan air dinamis untuk memindahkan air dari lokasi yang lebih rendah ke lokasi yang lebih tinggi selama proses berlangsung.Pompa blok tidak hanya digunakan untuk pasokan air ke rumah-rumah; mereka juga dapat digunakan untuk memasok air ke pertanian, peternakan, dan perikanan darat. Alat ini banyak digunakan untuk mendapatkan air untuk pekerjaan pertanian dan pembuatan furnitur di beberapa desa pedesaan. Alat ini memiliki keunggulan dibandingkan jenis pompa lainnya dalam hal operasi, termasuk biaya operasi yang rendah, tidak perlu pelumasan, hanya dua bagian yang bergerak, perawatan sederhana, dan kemampuan untuk bekerja secara efektif dalam kondisi yang tepat. Bisa juga dibuat di workshop.weapon sederhana.
RANCANG BANGUN MESIN PENGGI LING LIDAH BUAYA UNTUK PENGHASIL CAIRAN DENGAN KAPASITAS 500 LITER/JAM
Authors: Damanik Anggi Abdillah , Panggabean Doli Litonga , Sebayang S. , Purba Rasta
Published: May 2023

Mesin penggiling lidah buaya adalah suatu mesin yang berfungsi untuk menggiling lidah buaya untuk menghasilkan cairan. Mesin ini ditunjukan untuk industry rumahan dan petani lidah buaya agar mendapatkan mesin ekonomis dan tepat guna bagi masyarakat.  Prinsip kerja mesin ini seperti mesin penggiling tradisional yang menggunakan batu statis dan dinamis. Mesin ini menggunakan motor listrik untuk menggerakan batu dinamisnya dan menfaatkan gaya sentrifugal. Mesin ini mampu menggiling kapasitas 500 liter/jam, dengan hasil cairan dan kulit yang sudah terpisa. Laporan skripsi ini memfokuskan pada perhitungan komponen utama mesin pemisah cairan lidah buaya kapasitas 500 liter/jam seperti daya motor listrik, poros penggerak, dan pasak. Pengoprasian dan perawatan harus diperhatikan agar mesin dapat beroprasi dengan optimal, awet dengan sesuai dengan fungsinya. Keselamatan kerja juga harus diperhatikan untuk menghindari kecelakaan kerja yang tidak diharapkan.
SOSYAL MEDYADA MAHREMİYETİN YİTİMİ: TikTok ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: KÖSEOĞLU Aslı
Published: May 2023

Yeni medyanın sunduğu olanaklar hiç kuşkusuz insanın yaşamını derinden etkilemiş ve gelişimine olanak sunmuştur. Özellikle sosyal medya olarak adlandırılan mecralarla birlikte insanlar olay ve olgulardan kısa sürede haberdar olabilir hale gelmiş; her an ve her yerden yapılabilir paylaşımlarla birlikte ise kişilerarası etkileşim tüm dünyada artmıştır. Sosyal medyanın sunduğu bu başlıca olanakların yanı sıra yeni ortaya çıkan sosyal platformlar bireylerin düşünce ve tutumlarını etkilerken, mahremiyet meselesine bakış açılarını da değiştirmiştir. Mahremiyet kişinin özel hayatında ya da yaşam alanında diğer insanlarla paylaşmak istemediği, kişinin kendisine özgü bir hak olup, yasalarda da karşılık bulan bir kavramdır. Toplumdan topluma, kültürden kültüre farklılık gösteren mahremiyetin sınırları net bir biçimde çizilemese de herkes tarafından kabul görmesi beklenen yönleri de vardır. Mahrem kaygılarla gündelik yaşamda gizli tutulan ya da ön plana çıkarılmayan birçok davranış, yaklaşım ya da inanç sosyal platformlardan olan TikTok mecrasında daha fazla izlenmek ve bunun neticesinde takipçi kazanarak hediye almak adına sergilenir hale gelmiştir. Kullanıcılar takipçileri tarafından beğenilmek, onaylanmak ve “ben de varım” demek adına özel hayatlarına ilişkin pek çok bilgiyi burada paylaşmaktadır. İlişki durumu, dini inancı, siyasi görüşü, aile yaşamı, bedenleri, gittikleri yerler ya da yiyip içtikleri bunlardan en çok öne çıkanlardan olup, farklı yaşlardan kullanıcıların yaptıkları bu paylaşımlar her geçen gün artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada TikTok adı verilen sosyal medya mecrasında mahremiyetin nasıl ortadan kalktığının ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışma evrenini en iyi temsil ettiği düşünülen 25 TikTok paylaşımı amaçsal örneklem doğrultusunda belirlenmiş ve betimsel analiz ile irdelenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda insanların bu mecrada mahremiyet konusunu göz ardı ederek cinselliklerini, bedenlerini, gelirlerini, yiyeceklerini, çocuklarını vs. paylaştığı ortaya konmuştur. Kısacası TikTok’ta mahremiyet algısı bir dönüşüm geçirmekten ziyade yitip gitmiştir.
GENEL AHLAK BAĞLAMINDA ERİŞİMİN ENGELLENMESİ
Authors: MERAY Melisa Seval
Published: May 2023

Ahlak yüzyıllar boyunca filozoflar tarafından tartışılmış bir kavramdır. Platon gibi düşünürlerce mutluluğa ulaşmak için gerekli olduğuna inanılan ahlakı, Nietzsche gereksiz bulmuştur. Hala tam olarak üzerinde anlaşılmış bir ahlak tanımı bulunmamakla birlikte ahlakı; "bir toplumun veya bir bireyin inandığı neyin doğru veya yanlış olduğu ile ilgili kurallar ve değerlerin bütünüdür" şeklinde tanımlamak mümkündür. Ahlak tek bir birey tarafından da kabul edilip inanılabilecek değerlerden oluşmaktayken genel ahlak; bir toplumda veya bir grup içinde ortak olarak kabul edilen ve genel olarak kabul gören doğru ve yanlış kuralları ve değerleri ifade etmesiyle ahlaktan ayrılır. Birçok ülke kanunlarında genel ahlak temel hak ve özgürlükleri sınırlandırıcı nedenlerden biri olarak kabul edildiği gibi bazı fiillerin genel ahlaka aykırılığı nedeniyle cezalandırılabilmesi de mümkündür. Gelişen teknoloji ve dünya düzeni neticesinde internet ortamında birçok suç işlenebilmekte; suç kapsamında olmasa bile genel ahlaka aykırı içerikler internette kolaylıkla paylaşılabilmektedir. Devletlerin koruyucu ve düzen sağlayıcı yönleri göz önüne alındığında; düzeni bozan genel ahlaka aykırı içeriklerin paylaşıldığı internet ortamını kontrol etmesi ve gerektiğinde müdahale etmesi devletin sorumluluğu kapsamındadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında internet ortamına bir müdahale yöntemi olan erişimin engellenmesinin genel ahlak ile olan ilişkisi değerlendirilecektir.
PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILE AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS OF IMPORTANCE TO THE LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY
Authors: Heredia- Castro Priscilia Yazmín , Tolano-Villaverde Iván de Jesús , Manzanarez- Quin Carmen Guadalupe , Osuna-Chávez Reyna Fabiola , Ibarra-Zazueta Cristina , Valdez-Domínguez Ramón Dolores , Rueda-Puente Edgar Omar , Hernández-Moreno Carlos Gabriel , Barrales-Heredia Susana Marlene , Sosa-Castañeda Jesús
Published: May 2023

Infections caused by pathogenic bacteria are a recurrent problem in the livestock sector, generating important economic losses in the livestock industry. One of the main strategies includes antibiotic therapy; however, its use is limited since pathogenic bacteria present resistance to these drugs, which makes treatment against microbial infections difficult. Therefore, the hypothesis proposed was that ethanolic extracts of native plants from the state of Sonora, Mexico, can inhibit the growth of Gram (+) and Gram (-) pathogenic bacteria related to common infections in the livestock industry. The objective was to evaluate the phytochemical and antimicrobial profile of native plants from the state of Sonora, Mexico. In this study, 17 ethanolic extracts were obtained from native plants of Sonora, and the antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the agar diffusion method and by the microdilution technique using reference bacteria from the ATCC collection. The phytochemical profile was evaluated by spectrophotometry and the experimental design used was completely randomized with three replicates per treatment at 95 % confidence. The results showed that extracts of Prosopis velutina, Ibervillea sonorae, Populus alba, Ambrosia ambrosioides, Krameria sonorae, and Leucaena leucocephala were effective in eliminating Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028 (p≤ 0.05). In addition, these extracts presented the highest concentration of total polysaccharides, flavones and flavonols, flavanones and dihydroflavonols, tannins and total chlorogenic acid (p ≤ 0.05). Therefore, plant extracts from Sonora, Mexico, represent a natural alternative for the control of Gram (+) and Gram (-) pathogens of importance to the livestock industry.