bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Hazy and Metal-rich Atmosphere of GJ 1214 b Constrained by Near- and Mid-infrared Transmission Spectroscopy
Authors: Gao Peter , Piette Anjali A. A. , Steinrueck Maria E. , Nixon Matthew C. , Zhang Michael , Kempton Eliza M.-R. , Bean Jacob L. , Rauscher Emily , Parmentier Vivien , Batalha Natasha E. , Savel Arjun B. , Arnold Kenneth E. , Roman Michael T. , Malsky Isaac , Taylor Jake
Published: July 2023

The near-infrared transmission spectrum of the warm sub-Neptune exoplanet GJ 1214 b has been observed to be flat and featureless, implying a high metallicity atmosphere with abundant aerosols. Recent JWST MIRI Low Resolution Spectrometer observations of a phase curve of GJ 1214 b showed that its transmission spectrum is flat out into the mid-infrared. In this paper, we use the combined near- and mid-infrared transmission spectrum of GJ 1214 b to constrain its atmospheric composition and aerosol properties. We generate a grid of photochemical haze models using an aerosol microphysics code for a number of background atmospheres spanning metallicities from 100 to 1000× solar, as well as a steam atmosphere scenario. The flatness of the combined data set largely rules out atmospheric metallicities ≤300× solar due to their large corresponding molecular feature amplitudes, preferring values ≥1000× solar and column haze production rates ≥10−10 g cm−2 s−1. The steam atmosphere scenario with similarly high haze production rates also exhibits sufficiently small molecular features to be consistent with the transmission spectrum. These compositions imply that atmospheric mean molecular weights ≥15 g mol−1 are needed to fit the data. Our results suggest that haze production is highly efficient on GJ 1214 b and could involve non-hydrocarbon, non-nitrogen haze precursors. Further characterization of GJ 1214 b’s atmosphere would likely require multiple transits and eclipses using JWST across the near- and mid-infrared, potentially complemented by ground-based high-resolution transmission spectroscopy.
Student Nurses as Workforce Extenders: A Pandemic-Proof Education Innovation
Authors: Branson Sandra , LaMonica-Way Carol , Krawtz Susan , Djukic Maja
Published: July 2023

Background:

The authors developed an innovative academic-practice partnership to meet the clinical experience needs of student nurses in a public health clinical course and support the nursing workforce due to the COVID-19 pandemic in a community-based hospital.

Method:

The partnership (1) prioritized student and staff safety, (2) complied with local and state policies, (3) used faculty to supervise students, and (4) was built on the preexisting relationship between nursing faculty and hospital leaders. Student nurses deployed as workforce extenders with the clinical instructor on-site as the primary supervisor.

Results:

Students reported improved prioritization, independence, problem-solving, task delegation, supportive communication, and feeling valued as team members. Patient care provided by supervised students helped staff improve their time management by assisting with skills and offering support for patients that optimized the patient care experience.

Conclusion:

The partnership was safe and feasible, allowing students to meet the clinical objectives without additional burden to staff nurses.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2023;62(7):416–419.]
Stokes-Dirac structures for distributed parameter port-Hamiltonian systems: An analytical viewpoint
Authors: Brugnoli Andrea , Haine Ghislain , Matignon Denis
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we prove that a large class of linear evolution partial differential equations defines a Stokes-Dirac structure over Hilbert spaces. To do so, the theory of boundary control system is employed. This definition encompasses problems from mechanics that cannot be handled by the geometric setting given in the seminal paper by van der Schaft and Maschke in 2002. Many worked-out examples stemming from continuum mechanics and physics are presented in detail, and a particular focus is given to the functional spaces in duality at the boundary of the geometrical domain. For each example, the connection between the differential operators and the associated Hilbert complexes is illustrated.
Scarcity of resources as a determining factor of value in input-output models (objectivist concept of capital)
Authors: Kuryshev Nikolay I. , Tsibulsky Vladimir R.
Published: July 2023

Conducting global trade in national currencies greatly increases complexity and fragility of the modern financial system and, therefore, requires creation of new, much more accurate methods of macroeconomic and monetary regulation than those available today. The current practice of macroeconomic regulation relies on the system of national accounts (SNA) based on the Leontief input-output method. Its analytical tools are explained by the possibility of calculating the volume of output of a product and its cost in natural units. Moreover, it offers no explanation to the relationship between the composition of the output and relative prices. This disadvantage significantly complicates practical application of the Leontief method, since primary accounting reports operate with cost rather than physical indicators, forcing the introduction of various kinds of simplifications into the input-output model, which significantly reduces its analytical capabilities. The article presents a physical concept of value, on the basis of which the input-output model is supplemented by the definition of the material law of relative price formation. This addition turns the input-output method from an applied analysis tool into a complete theory of production, and in the future opens up fundamentally new, previously non-existent opportunities for the empirical studies of economic development and creation of highly effective methods of macroeconomic regulation. The price formation model, methodologically explained in the article, is a synthesis of the W. Leontief's concept of economy as a circular flow and P. Sraffa's model of the price mechanism of income distribution. It is basically our own concept of economic reproduction viewed as sharing by the producers of the common material resource of the production system. We claim that our findings regarding single-product industries in W. Leontief's and P. Sraffa's models can be generalized and applied to J. von Neumann's model of the balanced economic growth in multi-product industries.
La reconstrucción de la memoria fotográfica en Wattebled. Creación del relato de Paco Gómez
Authors: Gómez Alonso Rafael
Published: July 2023

A finales de 2019 el fotógrafo y escritor Paco Gómez encontró una caja de placas fotográficas en el Rastro de Madrid. Esta investigación trata de analizar el proceso de creación de un relato visual a través de las imágenes descubiertas por dicho autor, y cómo esa historia da lugar a la novela Wattebled o el rastro de las cosas, confeccionando un ejercicio de fotografía expandida hacia la literatura. En dicho proceso creativo se parte de la idea de generar una narración entre esas imágenes y su historia a través de un recorrido al pasado como ejercicio de memoria histórica que permite reconstruir una biografía fami-liar, articulada desde una estrategia de conexiones temporales o heterocronías que ofrecen un sentido y una respuesta a las imágenes halladas. Partiendo de estos planteamientos, este artículo expone el papel que cumplen las imágenes nómadas o desahuciadas y su revitalización como instrumento de reconstrucción de la nostalgia y reencuentro con el pasado, es decir, las cualidades que permiten ofrecer unas fotografías anónimas como objetos portadores de resignificación histórica.
La tecnología en el pensamiento de Adolfo Sánchez Vázquez: una aproximación
Authors: Iglesias Granda José Manuel
Published: July 2023

En este artículo se plantea la fertilidad del pensamiento marxista de Adolfo Sánchez Vázquez (1915-2011) al abordar los desafíos inherentes al desarrollo tecnológico. Se busca ofrecer una aproximación al pensamiento del autor acerca de la tecnología, temática tratada de manera implícita a lo largo de su obra. De esta manera, se aborda una cuestión apenas explorada en los estudios sobre Sánchez Vázquez, abriendo así la puerta a posteriores investigaciones sobre del tema.
El trabajo se divide en tres partes. Una primera, en la que se presenta someramente su filosofía de la praxis a partir de la hipótesis hermenéutica de la «trayectoria intelectual elíptica». Esta hipótesis de lectura permitirá comprender la obra de Sánchez Vázquez como articulada en torno a dos grandes preocupaciones principales: la creatividad y la emancipación política. Dos preocupaciones que definirán, a su vez, las reflexiones del autor acerca de la tecnología. En esta línea, será en la segunda parte donde se aborde la lectura sanchezvazquiana de la tecnología y su concepto de «racionalismo tecnológico». Finalmente, en la tercera parte, se proponen tres ámbitos estrechamente relacionados con el desarrollo tecnológico a los que las ideas del autor -marcadas por la doble preocupación anteriormente señalada-harían una contribución relevante: el de la ecología, el de la filosofía del trabajo y el de la socialización de la creación.
Clasificación temática automática de documentos basada en vocabularios y frecuencias de uso. El caso de artículos de divulgación científica
Authors: González-Pérez César , Vidal Liy José Ignacio , García García Ana , Calleja Ibáñez Pablo
Published: July 2023

A menudo es necesario clasificar documentos asignándoles un tema de entre una serie de opciones predefinidas. Esta labor suele ser realizada manualmente, mediante la lectura del documento por parte de un especialista. Este proceso manual es tedioso, requiere tiempo y recursos, y es propenso a sesgos y preferencias de cada especialista.
Como alternativa, en este artículo presentamos un sistema de clasificación temática automática, capaz de clasificar cientos de documentos en pocos segundos, altamente parametrizable, y que no requiere de la intervención de especialistas. El sistema se basa en vocabularios temáticos predefinidos y frecuencias de uso de formas léxicas, y asigna a cada documento uno o más temas priorizados. El enfoque sugerido se ha desarrollado y probado en el contexto de artículos de divulgación científica en español.
Utilizando este enfoque, es posible clasificar temáticamente grandes cantidades de documentos de forma sistemática, usando menos recursos que si se hiciese de forma manual, y evitando sesgos desconocidos. El enfoque ha demostrado una efectividad comparable a la de otras propuestas, pero requiriendo menos recursos computacionales.
Explanatory Model on Academic Self-Efficacy in Engineering Students: Role of Anxiety, Dysthymia, and Negative Affect
Authors: Yupanqui-Lorenzo Daniel E. , Olivera-Carhuaz Edith S. , Reynaga Alponte Antonio A. , Pulido-Capurro Víctor , Carbajal-León Carlos , Cardoza Sernaqué Manuel Antonio
Published: July 2023

Students in engineering tend to be loners, making interpersonal relationships and mental health issues more likely to arise. The COVID pandemic caused university students to experience anxiety and depression, which affected their academic performance and self-esteem. However, students’ mental health was rarely evaluated after the pandemic, especially engineering students, who showed higher levels of depression than students from other disciplines. The present study aims to establish an explanatory model of academic self-efficacy based on factors related to mental health, such as anxiety, depression, and negative emotions. The method used was quantitative cross-sectional, and a structural equation modeling was used. A sample of 561 students (54.4% males and 45.6% females) was analyzed. Instruments to measure self-efficacy, negative affect, depression, and anxiety, previously validated and with adequate reliability, were applied. The results showed that a state of anxiety affects academic self-efficacy negatively and directly; depression and negative affect indirectly affect academic self-efficacy mediated by a state of anxiety. These results show that a student with depression problems and a predominance of negative emotions is vulnerable to present anxiety in an academic setting. This anxiety causes his efficacy beliefs to decrease. As a result, he does not feel capable of facing academic challenges.
Evaluation of the Effect of Project Diabetes with Dignity Intervention on Metabolic Parameters among Adults with Diabetes in a Rural Indian Community
Authors: Unnikrishnan Ambika G. , Dhore Prasanna B. , Nazar Gaurang P. , Gupta Vinay K. , Chopra Mansi , Chugh Aastha , Rawal Tina , Bassi Shalini , Bhatt Anjali , Deshpande Shailesh R. , Arora Monika
Published: July 2023

Introduction:

Knowledge about diabetes and access to health care in rural Indian settings are inadequate. This study aims to compare the effects of community health worker–based intervention on the glycemic parameters of type 2 diabetes, in a rural population.

Methods:

Diabetes with dignity (DWD) was a community-based, quasi-experimental trial conducted with 416 adults (30–70 years) with diabetes. All villages under five sub-centers of two Primary Health Centers formed part of the study. Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) conducted screening of high-risk adults in all villages and implemented a 6-month DWD intervention (counseling of people with diabetes/family; monthly house-to-house visits; community awareness-raising) in the intervention area. The changes in glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C), lipid profile, urine micro-albumin, blood pressure, body mass index, and waist circumference between participants from baseline to the end of follow-up were assessed through laboratory/clinical examination.

Results:

Out of the 416 participants, 216 (52%) belonged to the intervention group. There was a significant decline of 6.4% in mean HbA1C in the intervention group (from 8.79 at baseline to 8.23 at the end of follow-up) and a 10.4% increase in the control group (8.75%–9.66%) (P = 0.010). There was a significant decline in mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol values from baseline to the end of follow-up in the intervention group versus an increase in the control group (−2.29% vs. 12.4%; P = 0.005).

Conclusion:

Engaging ASHAs through intervention was effective in strengthening the health system and resulted in improved glycemic control. Capacity-building of ASHAs for the prevention and management of diabetes in rural community settings is recommended.
Evaluating Diagnostic Performance of Three Cephalometric Vertical Parameters
Authors: Azeez Saya M.
Published: July 2023

Objectives:

The goal of this research was to see how reliable and valid three selected parameters from different analysis were in detecting the vertical skeletal pattern.

Methods:

There were 94 cephalometric x-rays used in all. The vertical skeletal pattern was assessed using the mandibular plane angle by Steiner, Frankfort mandibular angle by Tweed, and facial axis angle by McNamara. According to the diagnostic results of the majority of the measures, the samples were classified as normo-divergent, hypodivergent, or hyperdivergent. Kappa statistics, positive predictive value, and sensitivity were employed to verify the validity and reliability of the analyses.

Results:

A statistically significant weak negative correlation was found between Frankfort mandibular angle and facial axis angle in female group (p value < 0.01). A good agreement was found between mandibular plane angle with final diagnosis (K = 0.726). The mandibular plane angle showed highest sensitivity and positive predictive value in hypodivergent group (0.939, 0.816) and normo-divergent group (0.795, 0.833), respectively.

Conclusion:

For determining the facial vertical growth pattern the most accurate indicators were identified to be mandibular plane angle (SN-GoGn) and Frankfort mandibular angle.
The association between malocclusion, happiness, and oral health-related quality of life in 11–14 years old children
Authors: Nosratabadi Reyhaneh , Razeghi Samaneh , Rahimi Maryam , Sargeran Katayoun
Published: July 2023

Background:

Social life is important in childhood and adolescence when appearance is more closely related to emotional and mental health. Malocclusion may cause several problems in the self-esteem and social satisfaction of children and adolescents.

Objectives:

We evaluated the association between malocclusion, happiness, and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children 11–14 years old referring to the School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

Materials and Methods:

In the current descriptive-analytical study, to evaluate OHRQoL and happiness, child perception questionnaire (CPQ) and oxford happiness questionnaire were used. To study and classify malocclusion, the dental health component (DHC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) was implemented, by a calibrated dentist. To investigate the relationships, a linear regression model was utilized by means of SPSS-25.

Results:

All the children referred to the dental school during April–May 2019, of which 143 completed the questionnaires, and 78 (54%) were girls. The participants’ mean age was 12.42 (±1.13). A direct relationship was observed between CPQ and malocclusion (P < 0.001), i.e., the more severe the malocclusion, the higher the CPQ score and the lower the child’s OHRQoL. Similarly, there was an inverse association between happiness and CPQ (P < 0.001), indicating that an increase in happiness led to a decrease in the score of CPQ, which implied an increase in OHRQoL. The findings of regression analysis showed a relationship between happiness and IOTN, family history of dental irregularity, and psychological problems.

Conclusions:

Results of the present study revealed an association between happiness and OHRQoL with malocclusion in children. This signifies the malocclusion effect on different aspects of a child’s psychological health. Prevention and timely treatment of malocclusion has a remarkable influence on improving the quality of life and happiness in children.
Impacts of Handcrafting Tangible Communication Avatars on the Communication Partners and Creative Experiences
Authors: Endo Shin'ichi , Fujinami Kaori
Published: July 2023

Social networking services allow people to feel and remain connected with others. However, fatigue, loneliness, and anxiety are believed to increase as communication becomes increasingly intimate. In our previous study, we developed Palco, a paper-based, handcrafted, and tangible avatar. We demonstrate that abstract and passive communications are effective in maintaining relationships with communication partners. This study focuses on a mechanism to support the creation of avatars by users by adding the ability to identify multiple avatars and project information to each avatar using a single projector to the Palco system. A user study examined the effectiveness of user-generated avatars by comparing avatars with different levels of user involvement in the process from design to use. The findings indicate that user-generated avatars have the potential to function as a communication medium that strengthens emotional bonds between communication partners. Additionally, the experiences in the design and creation of the avatars allowed the users to demonstrate their creativity.
Miradas múltiples y convergentes sobre Neurocomunicación y Neuromarketing
Authors: Suárez González Emilio
Published: July 2023

Reseña sobre el libro "Neurocomunicación y Neuromarketing Nuevos escenarios y tendencias"
A Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Radar-Based Rider Assistance System for Personal Light Electric Vehicles
Authors: Pyschny Jan , Berger Felix , Rothen Samuel , Denker Joachim , Frantzen Michael , Roder Felix , Kneiphof Simon
Published: July 2023

The use of personal light electric vehicles (PLEVs), such as electric scooters, has rapidly increased in recent years. However, their widespread use has raised concerns about rider safety due to their vulnerability in shared traffic spaces. To address this issue, this paper presents a radar-based rider assistance system aimed at enhancing the safety of PLEV riders. The system consists of an adaptive feedback system and a single-channel anti-lock braking system (ABS). The adaptive feedback system uses multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar sensors to detect nearby objects and provide real-time warnings to the rider through haptic, visual, and acoustic signals. The system takes into account traffic density and uses online data to warn about obscured objects, thereby improving the rider’s situational awareness. Results from testing the feedback system show that it effectively detects potential collisions and provides warning signals, reducing the risk of accidents. The ABS is designed to prevent dangerous braking scenarios in single-track vehicles, such as rear-wheel lift-off and front-wheel locking. A virtual model was created to simulate critical riding situations and determine suitable control parameters. Testing of the MiniMAB ABS in real road tests using these parameters showed that it effectively prevented rear-wheel lift-off on high-grip roads and front-wheel locking on low-friction surfaces during emergency braking, improving riding stability and steerability. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that the use of the proposed rider assistance system has the potential to greatly contribute to the safe and conflict-free shared use of traffic spaces. The system provides real-time warnings to the rider, thereby reducing the risk of accidents. The implementation of the ABS improves riding stability and steerability, providing a safer and more pleasant riding experience. The system offers a new and improved solution to the growing concerns surrounding the safety of PLEV riders.
The Post Pandemic Education : A Blended Learning Approach For Teaching And Learning In Higher Education in New Normal Era
Authors: Thahir Muthahharah , Widiawati Widiawati , Baitillah Nur
Published: July 2023

The Covid-19 virus that spreads very quickly causes everyone to have to practice social distancing and physical distancing to reduce its impact. The virus that has been endemic since the end of December 2019 has revolutionized the learning process held by every educational institution, including the learning process in universities. Previously, the learning process at universities was carried out face-to-face. When the covid-19 pandemic occurs, the learning process must of course continue to be carried out by minimizing the impact of covid-19 so that universities must be able to make changes quickly from face-to-face learning systems to online/online learning. Adopting online learning through the use of technology to continue to implement the Tri Dharma is one of the solutions chosen by each university so that the learning process can continue and the spread of the COVID-19 virus can be minimized. After covid-19 occurred and the new normal era began, the level of life gradually went on as before. Learning in higher education must of course be re-adjusted to existing conditions. Finally, blended learning is used as a solution to carry out the teaching and learning process in universities in the new normal era. Blended learning approach is believed to be one of the learning models that are considered more effective for learning in this new normal era. By continuing to use technology as a form of innovation in learning in the digitalization era, blended learning is also still carried out by continuing to prioritize the human touch side in its implementation where the face-to-face learning process with direct interaction certainly has its own advantages. Through the combination of the advantages of offline learning and online learning, blended learning appears as the best alternative in the higher education learning system so that learning is believed to be more meaningful and also supports independence in learning.
Considerações sobre a Álgebra Acadêmica e a Álgebra Escolar: um estudo em cursos de Matemática Licenciatura
Authors: Dias Guédulla de Senna , Noguti Fabiane Cristina Höpner
Published: July 2023

Este artigo buscou investigar, na forma de um estudo bibliográfico, distanciamentos e aproximações entre a Álgebra Acadêmica e a Álgebra Escolar nos Projetos Pedagógicos dos Cursos de Matemática Licenciatura nas Universidades Federais do Rio Grande do Sul. As análises contemplam cursos de formação de professores de Matemática de seis universidades. Do total de 34 disciplinas obrigatórias identificadas que possuem relação com a Álgebra Acadêmica, há indícios de que, em 31 delas, o foco está no estudo e domínio de conceitos específicos vinculados à Matemática Acadêmica. Já nas outras três, há evidências de relações entre os conceitos estudados e o ensino da Educação Básica. De forma geral, percebe-se uma maior discussão de aspectos associados à Álgebra Escolar nas disciplinas de Álgebra Acadêmica presentes nos cursos de Matemática Licenciatura. Ainda que não seja um movimento em todos os cursos, são mudanças importantes no tratamento da Álgebra para a formação de professores.
Impact of COVID-19 on Clinical Productivity at the University of Toledo Medical Center Specialty Care Clinics
Authors: Heck Holly , Tipton Claire , Becker Kathryn , Creeden Justin , Schroeder Jason , Larder Cristin , Haak Peterson , Pyles Bryan , Eisenmann Kathryn
Published: July 2023

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) re-shaped patient care in the United States beginning in March 2020. While fear of contracting the virus was prominent within the general population, hospitals also prioritized surges of COVID-19 patients by canceling in-person clinic appointments, clinical trials, and elective surgeries. To evaluate the state of clinical practice during the first wave of COVID-19, a regional survey was conducted of clinicians from the University of Toledo Medical Center (UTMC) and ProMedica Toledo hospitals and area clinics from March 9 to July 31, 2020. Qualitative free-form responses from clinicians indicated that both hospital systems observed decreases in patient loads and canceled clinics. We then evaluated how COVID-19 impacted workload in specialty clinics specifically within UTMC. Clinical productivity changes were quantified by evaluating Work Relative Value Units (wRVUs) for UTMC clinics. wRVUs compared to the same period in 2019 revealed the pandemic’s effects of suppressing wRVU in nearly all clinics examined in the initial stages of the first wave. wRVUs recovered to 2019 levels in most specialties and even surpassed 2019 levels by the end of the first wave of the pandemic. The recovery of wRVUs within specialty care during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic reveals the adaptability of the UTMC medical system in Northwest Ohio for navigating a rapidly changing infectious disease landscape.
Material Synthesis and Growth of Zinc Sulphate Doped Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate
Authors: Desapriya R
Published: July 2023

. crystallization is the process through with the atoms, molecules icon arranges themselves in a repeating pattern. There are numerous methods to obtain crystal, any number which may be applicable to a given compound. When sometimes it may see that crystallization is more of an art than a science. There are several methods that generally produce crystals. For small molecules. These methods are typically based on reducing the solubility of the sample. The solubility of most compound decreases as the temperature is lowered thus the cooling of a saturated solution will often produce crystals. Since rapid cooling may cause the precipitation of amorphous solid or microscopic crystals. It is often to wise to surround the flask with an insulating medium to slow the rate of cooling.
A study on the General opinion of the Customers Towards the Chit fund Investment
Authors: Veslie Keerthana S , Vallal Raja R
Published: July 2023

Chit fund is an age old unorganized non-banking financial institution over the years both the government and players in this industry have tried to organize this important institution which has been contributing significantly to the economic development of the country. Money is the source of livelihood and is the life line for existence. If money is properly invested it can leads to generation of income, employment, eradication of poverty, stability and inflation control. Investment defines the sacrifice of certain present value for future value. All form of savings cannot be considered as investment. Savings will become investment if a person makes a distinction to forego the use of money saved for a period of time, in the hope of earning a return.
AI and Digital Twin Applications in 3D Information Models for Heritage Buildings: A Systematic Review
Authors: Subhadha Battina  , Siva Jaganathan
Published: July 2023

The recent emergence of technology as digital tools has provided architects with possibilities for 3D modelling and simulation of built environments. Currently, the "digital twin" and Building Information Management (BIM) techniques enable analytical tools like connection analysis and energy performance modelling in tandem with the ideation of realistic 3D illustrations. These methods are now seen emerging in managing and documenting heritage structures. A Heritage Building Information Management (HBIM) platform is a multi-disciplinary process and a valuable tool to automate, manage, and document heritage structures. However, making the final product in an HBIM platform involves several laborious steps of processing, segmenting, and integrating raw data from different sources, such as laser-scanned point data and image data. Hence, an expedited, streamlined platform is necessary to facilitate conservation architects and other agencies involved in documenting, maintaining and interpreting heritage buildings and structures. Newer technologies like Artificial Intelligence can enhance previously unavailable opportunities to automate specific tasks and uncover paradigms through predictable simulations. For this, the researchers reviewed the literature on two fronts: i)Investigating process flow and identifying the issues and challenges in gathering digital data of the existing building effectively. ii)Reviewing the literature to understand the models and tech solutions that revolutionized building heritage building information models for practical use. This study unravels workflow patterns and challenges based on these two sections of this literature review. Further, this research explores and analyses the trends and techniques employed in a typical heritage Building Information Management (HBIM) platform. The focus is on AI's capabilities as a digital tool in different stages of documentation and interpretation, performance measurement and simulation of heritage buildings, such as energy performance modeling, 4D (3D+Time) for projects planning, cost solutions, and simulating the historical significance to propagate the importance of HBIM. This study referred to the progress in the scientific literature on HBIM after the initial studies of C. Dore, and M. Murphy (2009).
GENDER DIFFERENCES: PARANORMAL BELIEFS AND MALADAPTIVE EMOTIONAL SCHEMAS
Authors: Amber Roohee  , Munazza Sunbal
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to assess and compare the level of paranormal beliefs and maladaptive emotional schemas between both genders, males and females suffering from Functional Neurological Symptom disorder (FNSD). One hundred thirty-four patients (67 males & 67 females) between 14 years to 24 years having functional neurological symptoms disorder were approached through a purposive sampling strategy from the psychiatric wards of the government and private hospitals in Lahore. The questionnaires of RPBS (Tobacky, 2004) and LESS-II (Leahy, 2002) were applied to assess paranormal beliefs and maladaptive emotional schemas, respectively. The results of the Independent sample t-test show that female patients experience a significantly different paranormal witchcraft beliefs; t (132) = 18.15, p=.000, two-tailed, and superstitions beliefs; t (132) = 33.704, p=.000, two-tailed. The effect of Cohen (d =1.705) is higher and more in females than males. In addition, findings also show the statistically significant gender difference on emotional schemas of invalidation; t (132) = 2.25, p=.026, two-tailed, on a simplistic view of emotions; t (132) = 33.704, p=.000, two-tailed, on low expression; t (132) = 5.716, p=.000, two-tailed and on blame; t (132) = -2.372, p=.019, two-tailed. The effect size of Cohen (d =0.629) is medium, however, more in females than males. This study concluded that female FNSD patients need to be more focused on modifying their paranormal witchcraft and superstitious beliefs and maladaptive emotional schemas of invalidation, simplistic view of emotions, and blaming to control them than males. Therefore, males should be adjusted for the emotion of low expression, which could be done through emotional focus therapy.
Food Hygiene Rating Scheme (FHRS) Audit of Display and Business Survey 2022
Authors:   IFF Research
Published: July 2023

The Food Hygiene Rating Scheme (FHRS) was formally launched in November 2010. The scheme is designed to help consumers make more considered choices about where they purchase their food by providing clear information about the hygiene standards of food businesses at their last inspection by a food safety officer. Under the scheme, places where food is supplied, sold or consumed are given a rating ranging from 0 to 5, with 5 standing for ‘very good’ food hygiene and 0 ‘urgent improvement necessary’. The ratings are determined by three elements: hygienic food handling; physical condition of the premises and facilities; and food safety management. The FSA has conducted research into the Display of Food Hygiene Ratings in England, Northern Ireland and Wales since 2011. The FSA has been tracking the proportion of food businesses that are displaying their FHRS since 2011. In 2021 the FSA first commissioned IFF to conduct an Audit of the FHRS display meaning that in 2022, IFF conducted their second wave of both the audit and survey research. As with previous waves of the research, the objectives were threefold: Provide a representative estimate of the display of food hygiene ratings by food businesses Explore the reasons and drivers for display and non-display Explore business awareness and attitudes towards the scheme A two-pronged research approach was adopted to meet these objectives: a covert audit of 1,500 food businesses in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, conducted by Mystery Shopper, and a telephone survey of 1,500 food businesses in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, conducted by IFF Research. This paper outlines the methodological approach taken for both strands of the research, including sampling; feasibility testing; pilot and mainstage fieldwork; response rates; and weighting.
REDUCTION OF ELECTRICITY LOSSES IN THE 0,95 kV DISTRIBUTION NETWORK WITH UNBALANCED LOAD
Authors: Orlov Alexandr I. , Sapozhnikov Ilya A.
Published: July 2023

An additional voltage stage of 0,95 kV allows to reduce losses for the transmission of electricity in long-distance distribution networks with sufficient transmitted power. A pilot project of such network has been implemented. However, the practice of using this voltage class is not widespread at present. As an additional energy-saving means in 0,95 kV networks, it is possible to use a load equalization device operating on the principle of redistribution of phases of one of the outgoing lines in the node of the electrical network.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness and technical feasibility of using a load balancing device in 0,95 kV networks. The novelty of the work is due to determining the magnitude of power losses in the 10/0,95/0,4 kV system when using a load balancing device.

Materials and methods. Methods of theoretical electrical engineering, combinatorics, numerical experiments, and statistical data processing are used in the work.

Results. Calculations were made on the example of the section of the 10/0,95/0,4 kV computer network using Python programs. The load of 0,95/0,4 kV transformer consists of 2 parts: one part is connected to the 0,4 kV switchgear directly, the other part is connected through a load balancing device. It was assumed that each phase of the load with equal probability can have one of the discrete values in the range from zero to the maximum value. In the numerical experiment, all possible options for the distribution of phase loads of lines extending from the 0,95/0,4 kV transformer substation were considered when the load of each phase was divided into 21 levels in magnitude.

Conclusions. As an additional energy-saving tool in distributed networks of 0.95 kV, it is possible to use a load balancing device, which makes it possible to reduce additional energy losses from load unevenness by an average of 10%.
INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF POWER AUTOTRANSFORMERS
Authors: Popov Maksim G. , Petrushin Denis E. , Vasilyeva Olga A.
Published: July 2023

The issues of implementing effective measures to reduce losses during the operation of power electrical equipment are of particular practical interest for electric grid and industrial enterprises. It is known that power transformers have a fairly high coefficient of performance (COP) in nominal (and close to them) modes. The efficiency of autotransformers largely depends on the distribution of the load between the medium and low voltage windings due to design features. With this in mind, the purpose of this study is the calculation substantiation of new ways to improve the energy efficiency of 330 kV power autotransformers. The research methodology consists in obtaining the calculated characteristics of losses in power autotransformers with a rated power of 125 MVA and assessing the impact on the efficiency of loading their windings. In the Result of Research section, design characteristics analysis is made and the optimal ratio of the loads of medium and low voltage windings is determined. Also, the paper explored and, as a result of calculations, justified a method for increasing the energy efficiency of autotransformers. The effect of reducing operating losses on the electric drives of pumps and fans of forced cooling systems was achieved by optimizing their operation. Conclusions outline the most significant practical results for improving the energy efficiency of autotransformers of the ATDTSTN-125000/220/110-U1 brand installed at the 330 kV Loukhi substation. It has been established that with energy-efficient power distribution between medium and low voltage windings, losses can be reduced by up to 133 kW. Optimization of energy consumption in the forced cooling system ATDCTN-125000/220/110-U1 is characterized by reduction in operational power losses of about 48 kW. The methods and mathematical models proposed in the study have been prepared for their approbation in the field conditions of trial operation at the 330 kV Loukhi substation.
LINEAR CYLINDRICAL VALVE MOTOR FOR OIL EXTRACTION
Authors: Artykaeva Elmira M. , Vasileva Lidia N.
Published: July 2023

A linear type electric drive is an electromagnetic device that creates translational (reciprocating) motion. An efficiently designed linear electric drive is an integral part of the production mechanism. Significant amount of domestic oil production is carried out with the help of oil pumping machines. Modern energy-saving requirements make the tasks of improving the energy characteristics and efficiency of oil-producing equipment urgent.

The purpose of the work is to develop design solutions for a linear cylindrical valve electric motor the moving part in which is equipped with permanent magnets.

Materials and methods. A promising way to improve the efficiency of the electrical equipment of wells equipped with pumping units is to replace rotating electric motors with linear-type valve electric motors the moving part in which is equipped with permanent magnets. In this case, the kinematic scheme is simplified, since it becomes possible to create a pumping unit mechanism without a gearbox, a belt drive, and crank mechanism. The generalized theory of electric machines and methods of mathematical modeling are the methodological basis of the work.

Results of the work. The engine is presented in two versions – with an internal and external movable magnetic system based on permanent magnets. The design of the magnetic wire of the fixed part consists of annular and longitudinal plates of the “comb” type.

Conclusions. Constructive solutions of a linear cylindrical valve electric motor with an internal and external moving magnetic part equipped with permanent magnets are proposed. Recommendations are given to replace the windings of the usual type with a more efficient winding of the “Slavyanka” type.
THE USE OF LITHIUM MEDICATIONS IN PSYCHIATRIC PRACTICE IN THE CONTEXT OF THEIR EFFECT ON THE THYROID STATUS
Authors: Nikolaev Egor E. , Golenkov Andrey V. , Madyanov Igor V.
Published: July 2023

Lithium has a wide range of beneficial pharmacological effects and is practically a single option drug in some patients with bipolar affective disorder. At the same time, lithium can cause changes in the structure and function of the thyroid gland. Hypothyroidism and goiter are the most common thyroid disorders in patients receiving long-term lithium therapy. Hence, psychiatrists may have doubts about the safety of administering lithium to patients with thyroid pathology. Additional difficulties may arise when a patient is found to have lithium-induced thyroid disorders. This topic is not sufficiently covered in domestic manuals on psychiatry. That is why the purpose of this article is to review modern literature sources on the effect of lithium on the thyroid gland, recommendations for monitoring lithium-induced thyroid disorders and ways to correct the developing pathology. The article discusses possible mechanisms of disorders in the structure and functioning of the thyroid gland during lithium treatment. Literature data on the influence of gender, ethnicity and duration of lithium therapy on the development of thyroid pathology are presented. The article presents the algorithm for the safe use of lithium medications in the aspect of thyroid pathology. If the thyroid function is slightly reduced during the initial examination, lithium can be prescribed if necessary, but hypothyroidism should be treated with sodium levothyroxine. In the presence of difficult-to-correct hypothyroidism, it is recommended to choose another mood stabilizing agent. Lithium preparations are the most important component in the complex treatment of bipolar affective disorder. Withholding therapy due to the developed thyroid pathology, which is well corrected with medications and more often has a transient character, is not justified. For safe lithium treatment, it is important to monitor the main parameters of the thyroid gland in a timely manner before and during therapy.
OSTEOCALCIFICATIONS OF THYROID NODULES
Authors: Stepanov Vladimir G. , Aleksandrov Yuri K. , Timofeeva Lyubov A.
Published: July 2023

According to the world statistics, when performing thyroid ultrasound, calcifications are detected in 20-33% of nodules of various structures. In recent years, there has been a sharp increase in the number of publications devoted to the assessment of this phenomenon, which is the basis for their study and development of their own approach. The aim is to generalize and systematize the materials available in available scientific Russian and foreign publications on the features of the structure and distribution of calcifications in nodular thyroid formations and on the opportunities of ultrasound examination in their detection and identification from the position of oncological risk. Materials and methods. To achieve the aim, methods of comparison, generalization, analysis, synthesis, grouping of classifications and systematization of data contained in publications of domestic and foreign authors were used. Results. Thyroid calcifications were previously rarely detected at the stage of preoperative examination of patients. With the widespread introduction of ultrasound into practice, such "findings" have become frequent. Despite a large number of patients with thyroid calcifications, attempts have not been made to seriously analyze and systematize this ultrasound sign, although some scientists consider them predictors of thyroid cancer. Attempts to seriously study the composition of calcifications in various nodules of the thyroid gland are occasional; they have not yielded practical results yet. Separation of calcium-containing deposits in thyroid nodules into microcalcifications and macrocalcifications significantly increased the diagnostic weight of the first group, which caused the predominant place of the sign "microcalcifications" in papillary thyroid cancer. There is no consensus on macrocalcifications. Various variants of their structure and the duration of their formation do not yet allow them to be adequately systematized from the perspective of predicting the diagnosis. Conclusions. According to the majority of the authors of the sources studied, calcium-containing deposits in the nodules of the thyroid gland indicate a severe irreversible restructuring of tissues with loss of their ability to regulate mineral metabolism. With the help of ultrasound, it is possible to not only get a descriptive presentation of calcifications, but to track their change over time as well.
REVISITING COMPARABILITY OF THE SIZES OF CHANGES CORRESPONDING TO BREAST CANCER IN FILM AND DIGITAL MAMMOGRAPHY
Authors: Pasynkov Dmitry V. , Merinov Sergei N. , Romanycheva Ekaterina A. , Mukhamatgaleeva Luisa Kh. , Pavlikova Olga A. , Nasrullayev Magomed N. , Fedorov Alexey L. , Busygina Olga V.
Published: July 2023

In recent years, the traditional film technology of mammography has been replaced by digital technology, but comparative studies aimed at comparability of the size of changes when using these technologies are needed. The aim of the study was to assess the comparability of the size of changes corresponding to breast cancer in digital and film mammography, as well as the clinical significance of the dependencies identified. Material and methods. The study material was 27 sets of digital and film mammograms of patients with breast cancer, performed at intervals of no more than 2 months (digital mammograms – after film ones). The images were used to evaluate the same standardized neoplasm size. Results. The average size of changes corresponding to breast cancer on film mammograms was 16.96±8.44 mm, on digital ones – 15.63± 8.16 mm and 15.67±7.96 mm (p > 0.05). The range of variation in the difference in the neoplasm size according to film and digital mammography was 0-5 mm (0-30%). There were no cases of an increase in the neoplasm size on digital mammograms compared to film ones. In 37.04% (n = 10) of cases, the size of the changes in both types of mammography corresponded, in 29.63% (n = 8) understatement in digital mammography did not exceed 10%; in 25.93% (n = 7) of cases – 20%; in 7.40% (n = 2) – 30%. Underestimation of suspicious changes' sizes during digital mammography became clinically significant when their absolute size was less than 1 cm, when they became poorly visible against the background of fatty and fibrous-fatty parenchyma; as well as in situations when suspicious changes were indistinguishable from benign high-density zones. The use of a computer analysis system of mammograms in all cases ensured labeling changes corresponding to breast cancer. Conclusions. The sizes of changes corresponding to breast cancer (different from microcalcinates clusters, the size differences of which were not demonstrated) in film and digital mammography may differ by 0-30%, which does not allow using these techniques as interchangeable ones. Taking into account the possibility of underestimating the size of small changes, which makes them difficult to identify in the visual analysis of digital mammograms, it is advisable to use routinely a computer analysis system with subsequent targeted analysis of the labeled zones.