bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOLUBILITY PRODUCT CONSTANTS FOR NATURAL DOLOMITE (0-200°C) THROUGH A GROUNDWATER-BASED APPROACH USING THE USGS PRODUCED WATER DATABASE
Authors: Robertson Hamish , Whitaker Fiona , Hollis Cathy , Corlett Hilary
Published: May 2021

The calculation of a reliable temperature dependent dolomite solubility product constant (Ksp°−dol) has been the subject of much research over the last 70 years. This study evaluates log10(aCa2+/aMg2+) using PHREEQC (Pitzer approach) for a screened subset (n=11,480) of formation waters in the U.S. Geological Survey National Produced Waters Geochemical Database V2 (PWGD), an extensive inventory of 165,960 formational waters from a range of sedimentary lithologies in North America up to 6.6 km depth (Blondes and others, 2016). Through extensive ground-truthing against datasets sourced from Texas Gulf Coast basin and the Mississippi Salt Dome basin we establish that both the geochemical data from the PWGD and a new geothermal model of the US that is used to determine temperatures at-formation-depth to be reliable data sources. The vast majority (at least 90%) of PWGD samples have log10(aCa2+/aMg2+)-temperature values that are interpreted to be indicative of calcite-dolomite equilibrium and controlled by bulk mineral equilibria rather than Mg-calcite surface phases. Using statistical models with different parameterizations (different Maier-Kelly formulas, mixed-effects models with various random effects and linear models) log10(aCa2+/aMg2+) values (outcome variable) are regressed against temperature (fixed effect) calculating Ksp°−dol between 0-200°C using the well constrained calcite solubility product (Ksp°−cal). Local effects that modify log10(aCa2+/aMg2+) values are evaluated through the addition of random effects to the mixed model which improves the statistical reliability of the Ksp°−dol estimate and enables the determination of Ksp°−dol for local dolomite phases. The nature of these local effects is open to interpretation, but we suggest the primary influence on log10(aCa2+/aMg2+) values is the stoichiometry of the equilibrium dolomite phase within individual fields that systematically modifies log10(aCa2+/aMg2+) values. We discount the influence on log10(aCa2+/aMg2+) values from the ionic strength of the solution, the equilibration with anhydrite and chlorite group minerals, the illitization of smectite and albitization of feldspar. For the dolomite solubility equation; CaMg(CO3)2 (s) ↔ Ca2+(aq)+ Mg2+(aq) + 2CO3(2-)(aq) (1)the mixed-effects model chosen as most representative yields a pKsp°−dol (log10Ksp°−dol); pK(sp-dol)= 1.47545×10^1 - 6.24959×10^-2∙T(K) - 3.99350×10^3∙1/T(K) (2)At 25°C pKsp°−dol = -17.27±0.35, which is close to prior estimates including the most recent experimental value reported by B´en´ezeth and others, 2018 (pKsp°−dol = -17.19±0.3). This validates this study’s approach and enables conclusions to be drawn via a meta-analysis of a contaminated, though expansive dataset.
Assessing the influence of emotional expressions on perceptual sensitivity to faces overcoming interocular suppression
Authors: Lanfranco Renzo Carlo , Rabagliati Hugh , Carmel David
Published: May 2021

Detecting faces and identifying their emotional expressions are essential for social interaction. The importance of expressions has prompted suggestions that some emotionally-relevant facial features may be processed unconsciously, and it has been further suggested that this unconscious processing yields preferential access to awareness. Evidence for such preferential access has predominantly come from reaction times in the Breaking Continuous Flash Suppression (b-CFS) paradigm, which measures how long it takes different stimuli to overcome interocular suppression. For instance, it has been claimed that fearful expressions break through suppression faster than neutral expressions. However, in the b-CFS procedure, observers can decide how much information they receive before committing to a report, so although their responses may reflect differential detection sensitivity, they may also be influenced by differences in decision criteria, stimulus identification, and response production processes. Here, we employ a procedure that directly measures sensitivity for both face detection and identification of facial expressions, using predefined exposure durations. We apply diverse psychophysical approaches – forced-choice localisation, presence/absence detection, and staircase-based threshold measurement; across six experiments, we find that emotional expressions do not alter detection sensitivity to faces as they break through CFS. Our findings constrain the possible mechanisms underlying previous findings: faster reporting of emotional expressions’ breakthrough into awareness is unlikely to be due to the presence of emotion affecting perceptual sensitivity; the source of such effects is likely to reside in one of the many other processes that influence response times.
Man versus Machine: Comparing manual with LIWC coding of perceptual and contextual details for verbal lie detection
Authors: Schutte Manon , Bogaard Glynis , Mac Giolla Erik , Warmelink Lara , Kleinberg Bennett , Verschuere Bruno
Published: May 2021

Purpose: Truthful statements are theorized to be richer in perceptual and contextual detail than deceptive statements. The level of detail can be coded by humans or computers, with human coding argued to be superior. Direct comparisons of human and automated coding, however, are rare.Methods: We applied automatic identification of details with the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software on truthful and deceptive statements from four datasets that had been manually coded for details.Results: We noted that the common way of scoring manual and LIWC coding hampers a direct comparison because they rely on different metrics – count and proportion scores, respectively. Lie-truth differences varied substantially across metric and dataset (LIWC: -0.09 ≤ Cohen’s d ≤ .89; Manual: 0.03 ≤ Cohen’s d ≤ .80). When set to the same metric, neither method seemed to outperform the other. Using count scores, both LIWC and manual coding indicated that truthful statements about past events contain more perceptual and contextual details than deceptive statements. Across the four datasets, we also observed considerable variation in manual coding.Conclusions: Human coding does not necessarily outperform LIWC coding of perceptual and contextual details in discriminating lies from truths. Our findings call for systematic comparison of human and automated verbal lie detection approaches on the same data, and we reiterate the need for better data sharing practices to help accomplish that aim.
Preliminary Evidence for Aversion to Atheists in Long-Term Mating Domains
Authors: Brown Mitch
Published: May 2021

The centrality of religiosity in selecting long-term mates suggests the espousal of atheism could be undesirable for that context. Given recent findings suggesting the presence of several positive stereotypes about atheists, a largely distrusted group, it could be possible individuals prefer atheists in mating domains not emphasizing long-term commitment (i.e., short-term mating). I conducted two studies tasking participants with evaluating long-term and short-term mating desirability of theists and atheists while assessing perceptions of their personalities. Study 1 indicated atheists were perceived as more desirable in short-term mating than long-term mating, though this preference did not translate to being preferred in that context over theists. Study 2 demonstrated this effect is specific to physically attractive targets. I further found atheists were perceived as more prone to infidelity, especially if they were attractive. I frame results from an evolutionary perspective while discussing the pervasiveness of anti-atheist prejudice.
Mapping Political Trust and Involvement in the Personality Space – A Systematic Review and Analysis
Authors: Bromme Laurits , Rothmund Tobias , Azevedo Flavio
Published: May 2021

Individual differences in political trust and involvement in politics have been linked to Big Five personality dispositions. However, inconsistent correlational patterns have been reported. As a systematic review is still missing, the present paper provides an overview of the current state of the empirical literature. A systematic review of 43 publications (N = 215,323 participants) confirmed substantial inconsistency in the correlational patterns and corroborated a suspicion that the frequent use of low-bandwidth personality short scales might be responsible, among other reasons. In a second step, we conducted two empirical studies (N1 = 988 and N2 = 795), estimating latent correlations between the Big Five and political trust and involvement at different hierarchical levels. We found that personality relations were consistent across different subdimensions of trust (e.g., trust in politicians, institutional trust) and involvement (e.g., political interest, political self-efficacy, participation propensity) and are therefore best estimated at aggregated levels (i.e., general political trust and involvement). Meanwhile, correlational patterns differed substantially between Big Five facets, confirming that previous inconsistencies can be partly attributed to a misbalanced representation of facets in Big Five short scales and indicating that associations should be estimated at lower levels of the personality hierarchy.
Publish-or-Perish Propagates Scientific Malpractice and Neglect
Authors: Williams Chad
Published: May 2021

Globally, there is an increase in academic interest. Student enrollment in universities are skyrocketing, suggesting an increased need to hold academic degrees. However, the mass increase in awarded PhDs with the stagnant number of faculty positions is causing a major strain in the academic hiring process. The result of this disparity is a necessary shift from holistically considering each scientist to briefly considering a subset of applicant metrics, for example publication counts. The increased emphasis of publication count metrics in hiring has led to the expression publish-or-perish. The publish-or-perish architecture shifts the focus of scientists away from meticulous scientific practices and contributions to society in order to ensure that they are outputting as many publications as possible. I here consider how the increased strain on the academic architecture is detrimental for faculty applicants and how it is propagating scientific malpractice and neglect.
Shielding working-memory representations from temporally predictable external interference
Authors: Gresch Daniela , Boettcher Sage , van Ede Freek , Nobre Anna C.
Published: May 2021

Protecting working-memory content from distracting external sensory inputs and intervening tasks is a ubiquitous demand in daily life. Here, we ask whether and how temporal expectations about external events can help mitigate effects of such interference during working-memory retention. We manipulated the temporal predictability of interfering items that occurred during the retention period of a visual working-memory task and report that temporal expectations reduce the detrimental influence of external interference on subsequent memory performance. Moreover, to determine if the protective effects of temporal expectations rely on distractor suppression or involve shielding of internal representations, we compared effects after irrelevant distractors that could be ignored vs. interrupters that required a response. Whereas distractor suppression may be sufficient to confer protection from predictable distractors, any benefits after interruption are likely to involve memory shielding. We found similar benefits of temporal expectations after both types of interference. We conclude that temporal expectations may play an important role in safeguarding behaviour based on working memory – acting through mechanisms that include the shielding of internal content from external interference.
Psychopathology and Episodic Future Thinking: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Specificity and Episodic Detail
Authors: Hallford David John , Austin David W. , Takano Keisuke , Raes Filip
Published: May 2021

Episodic future thinking (EFT) refers to the mental simulation of possible future events; a crucial mental process in adaptation. Psychiatric disorders are associated with deficits in recalling episodic memory, however, no study has reviewed the empirical literature to assess for similar deficits in EFT. A systematic review comparing psychiatric groups with control groups on the specificity and episodic detail of EFT returned 19 eligible studies. An overall effect of g = -0.84 (95%CI = -1.06, - 0.62, p < .001) indicated individuals with a psychiatric diagnosis have significantly less specific and detailed EFT. Publication bias was not detected, but heterogeneity was. No methodological characteristics were significant moderators. Subgroup analyses showed significant effects for depression (g = -0.79, p < .001, k = 7), bipolar disorder (g = -1.00, p < .001, k = 2), and schizophrenia (g = -1.06, p < .001, k = 6), but not posttraumatic stress disorder (g = -1.04, p = .260, k = 2) or complicated grief (g = -0.41, p = .08, k = 2). Deficits in EFT are apparent in some psychiatric disorders. However, many clinical groups are understudied, and the causal mechanisms and remediation of these deficits require further research attention.
Emotions in the context of environmental protection: Theoretical considerations concerning emotion types, eliciting processes, and affect generalization
Authors: Landmann Helen
Published: May 2021

Emotions seem to be significant for pro-environmental behavior. Yet, questions about the differentiation, elicitation, and effects of emotions in the context of environmental protection remain. Specifically, current typologies of environmentally relevant emotions each cover only a subset of the relevant emotions. Furthermore, central environmental-psychological constructs such as emotional affinity towards nature are not explained well by current appraisal and emotion theories. Finally, the causal effects of emotions on pro-environmental behavioral intentions in experiments are rather weak and diminish over time, which conflicts with strong correlations between emotions and environmentally relevant intentions. The current work addresses these issues by (1) synthesizing types of environmentally relevant emotions, (2) differentiating paths to emotional reactions towards nature, and (3) considering the process of affect generalization for the consequences of emotion for environmentally relevant behavior. Partitioning affect along these dimensions helps capturing the broad range of environmentally relevant emotions, understanding how these emotions are elicited, and when they affect pro-environmental behavior.
Can we change depressive beliefs? Modulation of belief updating by ketamine in treatment resistant depression
Authors: Bottemanne Hugo , Morlaàs Orphée , Claret Anne , Fossati Philippe , Schmidt Liane
Published: May 2021

Treatment resistant depression (TRD) is a tremendous health problem that has encouraged novel treatment strategies involving sub-anesthetic ketamine infusions. While ketamine induces rapid and sustained clinical improvement, its cognitive effects are less well known. Here we tested if ketamine alters the negative expectancies about the future that are insensitive to disconfirming information, and play a key role for the maintenance of depression. Twenty-six TRD patients performed a belief-updating task before and after ketamine treatment, and were compared to a group of thirty healthy controls. The task involved estimating likelihoods of experiencing adverse life events before and after receiving information about the actual occurrence of events in the general public. A computational reinforcement-learning (RL) model tested how much belief updating was explained by learning from positive (better than thought) and negative (worser than thought) estimation errors. Global clinical improvement was assessed by the Montgomery Asberg Depression scale (MADRS). Following a single ketamine infusion patients updated their beliefs about the future more after favorable, and less after unfavorable information, controlled for sequential testing effects by comparison to healthy controls. The emergence of optimism biases in belief updating was underpinned by asymmetric learning from positive rather than negative estimation errors, and formally mediated precocious clinical responsiveness at one week of treatment observed in 19% of the patients. These findings provide novel insight into the cognitive mechanisms of ketamine action in TRD, and through it open the window toward promising perspectives for augmented psychotherapy in mood disorder.
The ECB, the Courts and the Issue of Democratic Legitimacy After Weiss
Authors: de Boer Nik , Klooster Jens van't
Published: May 2021

This article analyses the new challenges that the ECB faces in implementing its monetary policy and asks to what extent judicial review can help address these. The ECB mandate provides no clear guidance for many of the ECB’s recent challenges, which include a sovereign bond market panic, technical limits to the efficacy of its tools, and questions concerning the environmental impact of its operations. For this reason, the ECB’s decisions suffer from democratic authorization gaps; it makes choices with far-reaching consequences for which there is no clear basis in the mandate. In this context, courts can either opt to accept choices made by the ECB, as the ECJ has mostly done, or, as the Bundesverfassungsgericht decided to do, itself weigh in on monetary policy. Neither approach, we argue, can improve the tenuous democratic legitimacy of the ECB in the absence of proper democratic guidance. There are, however, other ways the Member States and the EU’s political institutions can provide the ECB with guidance on how to deal with its new choices.
Don’t Exclude Practitioners, but Don’t Let Us Limit Research: A Comment on Nisar’s “Standing in the right corner: From practitioner-centric to public-centered public administration”
Authors: Reed David S.
Published: May 2021

I agree with Nisar that public administration researchers should be able to conduct research that is disruptive to practitioners. I am concerned that Nisar’s concept of public-centric public administration may be used to blur the line between research and advocacy.
Military personnel and the transition into civilian employment: A systematic narrative review
Authors: Whybrow Dean , Milligan Christine
Published: May 2021

Background: Service personnel are often of working age when retiring from the military. A sizeable number of military personnel transition into civilian careers every year, but little is known about the impact of this transition. Objective: This systematic narrative review aims to consider the international evidence about military personnel’s experience of transition to civilian employment.Methods: Four bibliographic databases were searched for published research about fulltime regular military veterans in civilian employment. Twenty-three studies were identified that included both qualitative and quantitative research. These studies were graded as moderate to good quality.Results: Four themes emerged from the review: the value of military experience; successful career transition; the difference between military and civilian employment; identity as a veteran.Key points were: veterans might hold a naive view of the value of their military experience;being able to transfer job skills to civilian employment may be an advantage; there were differences between the military and civilian workplace; constructing a civilian workplace identity included adjusting to different workplace values. Conclusion: Further research into the experience of deciding to leave the armed forces may help the armed forces to develop strategies for retaining personnel. No study focussed solely upon midlife career change and research into this area is important because military careers typically finish midlife.
Sociology of Chronic Pain
Authors: Zajacova Anna , Grol-Prokopcyzk Hanna , Zimmer Zachary
Published: May 2021

Chronic pain is a common, costly, and consequential health problem. However, despite some important analytic contributions, sociological research on pain has not yet coalesced into a unified subfield. We present three interrelated bodies of evidence, and illustrative new empirical findings using 2010-2018 NHIS data, to argue that pain should have a central role in sociological investigations of health. Specifically, we contend that (1) pain is a sensitive barometer of population health and wellbeing; (2) pain is emblematic of many contested and/or chronic conditions; and (3) pain and pain treatment reflect, and have wide-ranging implications for, public policy. Overall, whether we analyze pain quantitatively or qualitatively—focusing on its distribution in the population, its social causes and consequences, or its subjective meanings for individuals—pain reflects the social conditions, sociopolitical context, and health-related beliefs of a society. Pain is thus an important frontier for future sociological research.
Right Bundle Branch Block Morphology After Right Ventricular Endocardial Pacing – When Should a Cardiologist Begin to Worry ?
Authors: Yadav Vijay , Gajurel Ratna Mani , Poudel Chandra Mani , Shrestha Hemant , Devkota Surya , Thapa Sanjeev , Khanal Raja Ram , Shakya Smriti , Thapa Shovit , Sharma Manju , Adhikari Suman
Published: May 2021

Even though the left bundle branch block (LBBB) morphology in the surface electrocardiogram (ECG) is expected after right ventricular endocardial pacing, the right bundle branch block (RBBB) morphology may be paradoxically seen in around 8 to 10% of patients. The paced RBBB morphology should be given special attention in terms of safe RV pacing or septal and free wall perforation. Simple techniques such as moving the leads V1-2 to one interspace lower than standard (Klein maneuver) and combining frontal QRS axis between -30° to -90°, precordial transition point at or within V3, and absence of S wave in lead I as an algorithmic approach may correctly identify the pacemaker lead in right ventricle with high sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value.
Clinical Profile and Outcome of COVID 19 Patients at Tertiary Cardiovascular Center of Nepal.
Authors: Sherpa Kunjang , Manandhar Reeju , Adhikari Chandra Mani , Dhungana Murari , Prajapati Dipanker , Raut Roshan , Acharya Kiran , Bogati Amrit , Shrestha Battu Kumar , Joshi Surakshya , Bajracharya Prashant , Dangol Prati Badan , Marasaini Puspa , Rajbhandari Sujeeb
Published: May 2021

Background and Aims: Cardiovascular comorbidities are common in patients with COVID-19 and these patients  are at higher risk of morbidity and mortality. It is not known if the presence of cardiovascular co-morbid conditions poses independent risk or whether this is mediated by other factors.
Methods: This is a retrospective follow up study done at Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre (SGNHC). The main objective of this study was to study the clinical profile, baseline comorbidities, and outcome of cardiac patients and health care worker diagnosed with COVID 19. This study retrospectively evaluated case records of all cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients admitted at SGNHC with COVID 19 cases from 1st case diagnosed on July at SGNHC till September 2020.
Results: During this study period, 90 patients with COVID 19 with cardiovascular disease were admitted. The mean age of the study population was 52.3±19 years with 65.6% being male. Among the study population 52 (57.8%) had past history of cardiovascular disease, hypertension in 18 (20%) cases, diabetes in 8 (8.9%) cases. Among the patients with cardiovascular diagnosis, acute coronary syndrome was most common cardiovascular diagnosis in 23 (25.6% cases) followed by rheumatic heart disease in 21 (23.4%) cases, dilated cardiomyopathy in 7 (7.8% cases), ischemic cardiomyopathy with reduced ejection fraction (EF) in 7 (7.8%) cases, post coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) in 8 (8.9%), post valve replacement in 5 (5.5%), congenital heart disease in 3.3% cases and complete heart block in 3.3% cases. Most of the cases were symptomatic with moderate illness in 46.7% cases, mild illness in 41.4% cases and severe/critical illness in 11.1% cases. Among COVID patients with cardiovascular disease, the mortality was 11.1%.
Conclusion: Patients with cardiovascular disease with COVID 19 have more severe COVID 19 symptoms and has higher COVID 19 related death, so strict vigilance and early intervention is needed to improve its outcome.
Study of Clinical, Angiographic Profile and Outcome of Patients Undergoing Coronary Angioplasty of Left main Coronary Artery: MCVTC Experience.
Authors: Gajurel Ratna Mani , Khanal Raja Ram , Poudel Chandra Mani , Shrestha Hemant , Devkota Surya , Thapa Sanjeev , Shakya Smriti
Published: May 2021

Background and Aims: Coronary artery bypass graft is the treatment of choice for left main disease. However the results from several large multicenter trials have shown that the angioplasty of left main disease is an alternative treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of patients undergoing angioplasty of left main disease.

Methods: This prospective study was conducted at Manmohan cardiothoracic vascular and transplant center, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal. Twenty-Five patients with a diagnosis of left main coronary artery disease who underwent coronary angioplasty were enrolled in the study. The cases were followed up and outcomes on follow up were assessed.

Results: Patients with left main disease enrolled in this study belonged to the age group of 51 to 77 years. The mean age of patients was 64.7±8.12 with 68% (17) male and 32% (8) female. Among 25 patients 3 patients had single vessel disease, double vessel in 10 patients and triple vessel in 12 patients. Three patients (12%) had previous history of percutaneous coronary intervention and 1 (4%) had previous history of coronary artery bypass graft. All patients underwent successful procedure with unprotected left main stenting in 14 cases (56%). There was few major and minor complications and no procedure related mortality and in hospital death.

Conclusion: Left main coronary angioplasty is a safe and alternative procedure to CABG with low incidence of major clinical events.
Efficacy and Safety of Focal Atrial Tachycardia and Typical Atrial Flutter Ablation in Nepal-A Single Center Experience.
Authors: Raut Roshan , Bajracharya Prashanta , KC Man Bahadur , Dhungana Murari , Sharma Mukunda , Joshi Surakshya , Bajracharya Prashanta , Sherpa Kunjang , Chamlagain Mandita , Rajbhandari Sujeeb
Published: May 2021

Background and Aims: Atrial tachycardia is classified as focal atrial tachycardia or macro-reentrant atrial tachycardia. Macro-reentrant atrial tachycardia involves large circuit and is also called atrial flutter in which cavotricuspid isthmus dependent flutter, also called typical atrial flutter is the most common. The aim of this study is to report the efficacy and safety of catheter ablations of these arrhythmias, for the first time in Nepal.
Methods: This is a retrospective observational study of the patients who underwent electrophysiological study with ablation for focal atrial tachycardia and typical atrial flutters at Shahid Gangalal National Heart Center (SGNHC) from March, 2015 to February 2020.
Results: Altogether, 49 patients, 27 for focal atrial tachycardia and 22 for typical atrial flutter, underwent electrophysiology study with intent to ablation. In two patients, atrial tachycardia could not be induced, therefore 25 patients underwent ablation for atrial tachycardia. Out of 25 patients, the successful ablation achieved in 24 patients (96%) with recurrence in three patients (12%), with no major complications. Atrial tachycardia more commonly originated from right atrium than the left atrium (68% vs. 32%). Among 22 patients who underwent cavotricuspid isthmus ablation for typical atrial flutter; successful ablation achieved in 21 patients (95%) with recurrence in two patients (9%) and a single case of access site hematoma. Counterclockwise flutter was found to be more common than clockwise flutter (91% vs. 9%).
Conclusion: In SGNHC, the ablations of focal atrial tachycardia and the typical atrial flutter has a high success and low complication rate.
An Echocardiographic Study of Right Ventricular Morphology and Function in Systemic Hypertension.
Authors: Barakoti Murari Prasad , Karki Adhyashree , Chaulagain Manoj Kumar , Karki D B
Published: May 2021

Background and Aims: Hypertension is a common medical condition that leads to increased risk of cardiovascular conditions including coronary artery disease, heart failure, stroke, renal diseases, blindness and cardiovascular death. Long term hypertension will affect left ventricle by hypertrophy and several functional derangements. Since heart works as a unit, right heart changes are expected. Right ventricular dysfunction has a strong prognostic significance and we aim to study right ventricular parameters in hypertensive patients.
Methods: We studied 71 hypertensive subjects and 66 matched control without hypertension in echocardiography laboratory for chamber dimensions and right ventricular systolic and diastolic parameters.
Results: The right ventricular free wall thickness (5.46±1.97mm vs 4.77±0.81mm; P=0.01) and interventricular septal thickness (11.62±2.64mm vs 9.10±1.16mm; P<0.01) were significantly higher among hypertensive patients. Right ventricular dimensions namely basal diameter (26.41±4.97mm vs 29.16±5.22mm; P<0.01), mid-ventricular diameter (25.83±4.40mmvs 27.44±5.05mm; P=0.05) and right ventricular long-axis length (69.54±7.08 mm vs 73.28±7.08mm; P<0.01) were significantly low among hypertensive patients. Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE) was significantly lower among hypertensive patients (18.84±1.85mm vs control 20.54±2.65mm; P<0.01). A significant statistical correlation was found between mitral E/A ratio and tricuspid E/A ratio (R2 linear=0.78, P=0.01).
Conclusion: The effect of hypertension in right ventricular structure and function are found to be subtle but definite as seen in diastolic wave velocities, right ventricular wall thickness, internal chamber dimensions and TAPSE. Assessment of hypertensive effect on heart will help to control hypertension in stringent way.
Lipid Profile in Postmenopausal Diabetic Female.
Authors: Simkhada Rabindra , KC Sanjay Singh , Yadav Dharma Nath , Sahi Ravi
Published: May 2021

Background and Aims: Postmenopausal diabetic female are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study was to study their lipid profile and prevalence of dyslipidemia and assess relation of control of lipid components with various risk factors.

Methods: A cross sectional prospective study conducted at Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre from 15th July 2020 to 14th October 2020 including 109 postmenopausal diabetic female. Detailed history along with clinical examination were conducted. Fasting lipid profile and other relevant investigations were obtained.

Results: Mean age of participants was 63.48±9.26 years. Mean age of menopause was 48.59±1.88 years. A total of 37 (33.9%) were hypertensive, 17 (15.6%) were smoker, 67 (61.5%) were physically inactive. A total of 91 (83.5%) were non-vegetarian. Thirty eight (34.9%) had their blood sugar controlled with hemoglobin A1c of <7%. The mean total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein were 5.21±0.97 mmol/l and 1.02±0.13 mmol/l. Similarly mean triglyceride and low density lipoprotein were 2.24±0.75 mmol/l and 3.04±0.12 mmol/l. Dyslipidemia was present in 82.6%. Significant correlation of control of blood sugar with total cholesterol control status (R=0.28, P=0.01), low density lipoprotein control status (R=0.38, P=0.01), high density lipoprotein control status (R=0.36, P=0.04) and triglyceride control status (R=0.30, P=0.04) were seen.

Conclusion: Dyslipidemia was common in post menopausal diabetic female. Blood sugar control status showed significant correlation with lipid profile parameters. A good sugar control and evaluation for lipid abnormalities is recommended in postmenopausal diabetic female.
Spectrum of Quality of Life after Valve Surgery in Patients with Rheumatic Heart Disease.
Authors: Joshi Dikshya , Shrestha Anushruti , Gurung Minani , Gautam Navin C , Singh Yogeshwor M. , Thakur Apurba , Basnet Nishes , Timala Rabindra B.
Published: May 2021

Background and Aims: Improvement in quality of life is one of the principal goals of valve surgery. The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of life in patients living with mechanical heart valves.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study among 131 (42 Males, and 89 Female) patients, who had undergone valve procedures at different times in clinic visit of department of cardiac surgery, unit I of Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre from August 1 till August 29, 2019. Quality of life index was measured using Ferrans and Power quality of life index, cardiac version IV via written questionnaire or verbal interview.

Results: Mean age was 40.57±1.4 (16-75) years. Mean duration of follow up was 4.68±4.03 years (3 months to 18 years). Subjects reported the lowest quality of life scores in the health and functioning domain prior to surgery (15.61±1.30), which improved 47.15% after surgery (22.95±0.45), psychological/spiritual domain improved 16.68%, social and economic domain 26.24%, family domain 11.49%, with overall improvement 28.62%. Women had significantly lower mean overall quality of life index (22.99±03.58) (95% confidence interval 22.24-23.75) compared to male counterparts (24.21±4.11) (95% confidence interval 22.92-25.49) (p<0.05). Family domain had the highest score at the latest follow up (28.84±1.63). There was a statistically significant correlation between the duration of operation and overall quality of life index (Pearson's rho 0.217, p<0.01). There was no significant difference with the patients’ age.

Conclusion: This study confers significant improvement of quality of life after valve surgery with time. Age does not appear to limit the quality of life. Family support seems to be the biggest strength in our population.
Asymptomatic Presentation in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy: a Case Report.
Authors: Hirachan Anish , Sharma Ranjit , Neupane Prabesh , Gautam Milan , Ghimire Ram Kumar
Published: May 2021

Arrythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an inherited cardiac condition leading to one of the common cause for sudden cardiac death in young individuals. It is characterized by fibrofatty replacement of the cardiac myocytes predominantly the right ventricle. As the presentation can be varied and very nonspecific, it often leads to delay in diagnosis and specific treatment. Here, we present a 30 year male who was asymptomatic and detected to have electrocardiograph (ECG) and echocardiographic abnormalities suggestive of ARVC. Further, a cardiac imaging with cardiac MRI confirmed the diagnosis of ARVC highlighting the importance of multimodality imaging.
Haiti: An Ethnographic Study of the Effects of International Aid on Haitian Life
Authors: Tse Wai Chung , Makkar Lamia
Published: May 2021

Haiti has seen an increasing number of non-governmental organisations (NGO) and intergovernmental organisations (IGO), providing structural and emergency aid in times of conflict and weather-related events. This was intensified in 2010 when Haiti regained international attention from a ravaging earthquake that shook its core. This ethnographic study analyses the effects of NGOs and IGOs a decade after this natural disaster. We attempt to venture beyond the statistical evidence grounding most analyses provided by NGOs and IGOs to reveal perspectives from individual Haitians that are impacted by the policies and decisions of these organisations. In doing so, we examine the local standard of living, infrastructure, and social dynamics through four in-person interviews conducted in their respective geographic locations. These interviews set a basis for a discussion and examination of organisations’ allocation, dependency, and sustainability. The voices of local Haitians reveal the profound, yet subtle impacts that go unreported by foreign scholars that are crucial to understanding the day-to-day challenges faced despite foreign aid. We conclude that Haitians face a stasis of social mobility despite the copious work done by aid organisations that is often inconsistent and misaligned with the needs of Haitians.
Zombie ant graveyard dynamics in Gunung Mulu National Park
Authors: Lavery Molly Norah , Murphy Conor Francis Hunter , Bowman Emma Kate
Published: May 2021

Ophiocordyceps is a genus of pathogenic fungi, which predominantly parasitise insects. This study investigates the spatial dynamics of zombie ant graveyards, and explores the optimal height for Ophiocordyceps unilateralis spore dispersal in a Bornean rainforest. While there is considerable research derived from alternative tropical regions, there is limited documentation of Ophiocordyceps fungi in Borneo. This paper aims to build on the current body of knowledge, focusing on the spatial dynamics of zombie ant graveyards, and in particular the height at which infected ants are found. In the present study, an area of Gunung Mulu National Park was searched for O. unilateralis-infected ants. Once an infected ant was located, the surrounding area was methodically searched to allow for the height and location of all surrounding ants to be recorded. Infected ants were found at variable heights between the four sites (means of 28.9–57.6 cm) above the expected height laid out in similar studies (approximately 25 cm). It is suggested that these heights may correspond to locations at which temperature and humidity are optimal for spore dispersal and fungal growth and that these heights differ depending on unique features of the environment.
Investigating the factors behind differences in ‘lay’ and ‘expert’ medical knowledge in the context of fever treatment in Yangon, Myanmar.
Authors: Hoque Syed Onubha
Published: May 2021

Greater social research aiming to understand the qualitative experiences of patients and healthcare workers is necessary in order to create informed health policies. A key aspect of this is acknowledging and uncovering how 'lay' and 'expert' medical knowledge interact and co-exist. This paper uses the context of fever treatment in Yangon, Myanmar, to investigate the factors behind differences between 'lay' and 'expert' medical knowledge.
This cross-sectional study conducts a deductive thematic analysis of secondary qualitative data from both patients and medical doctors using an adapted form of Amartya Sen’s capability approach framework. Results uncover how education, socially rooted collective knowledge and unregulated pharmacies drive differences between 'lay' and 'expert' medical knowledge.
The results of this paper highlight the interdisciplinary nature of health, meaning health systems should be considered within their sociological, political and economic contexts. Appreciating the complexity of how health is understood by populations can allow policymakers to form a stronger health system by creating contextualised policies and health interventions for the general public that cater to the diversity of narratives within health systems and beliefs.
Commentary: sustainable development as theme and platform for interdisciplinary undergraduate research
Authors: Haenssgen Marco J
Published: May 2021

NA for commentary piece.
Reinvention: Interconnectedness, Interdisciplinarity & Sustainability
Authors: Siukosaari Auni
Published: May 2021

NA
NILAI-NILAI SUBKULTUR DALAM MEREK MATERNAL DISASTER
Authors: Bastari Rendy Pandita , Resmadi Idhar , Lukito Wahyu
Published: May 2021

Subculture is a movement against the mainstream that is manifested through music, fashion and lifestyle. One of the supporting element of the manifestation of a subculture is the existence of products from certain brands that have authenticity. The authenticity of a brand can be formed through the interaction of a brand with its community. A brand is not constructed by itself, but it must be built with various actions towards a community with its own ecosystem so as to give rise to consumer attitudes and habits towards a brand's product. Previous studies have shown that general consumers with subcultural actors show different attitudes towards a product from a certain brand. Another study shows that brands imitate the behavior patterns of a subculture and make it their target market to sell products. This study aims to take another approach, namely a sociological approach, by conducting a case study of a brand that is associative with a subcultural movement, one of which is Maternal Disaster. The method used in this study was an unstructured interview with the owner of the Maternal Disaster brand, visual samples analysis and an analysis based on the sociological theory of Pierre Bourdieu. The result of this research is a recommendation, brands that want to start moving in the subculture must prioritize the values ​​that are upheld by the subculture movement. In addition, interaction with the community must be built through the support of activities in the subculture.
PERANCANGAN FILM PENDEK BERJUDUL SI AYU SEBAGAI MEDIA SOSIALISASI DAMPAK PSIKOLOGIS BODY SHAMING BAGI REMAJA PUTRI
Authors: Bezaleel Michael , Felicia Felicia
Published: May 2021

Body shaming is known as the action of expressing humiliation by commenting, mocking, or criticizing about another individual’s body shape or size. This act is often considered a joke for many people, especially among teenagers, without realizing that it can cause mental problems for victims who receive this body shaming treatment. This form of bullying can cause the victim to lack confidence, low self-esteem and even suicide. Based on the background of the problems explained, creating an audio visual in the form of short film is judged as fit to be a relevant socialization media in this modern society. This research is using qualitative methodology, collecting datas by interviewing a number of sources and target audiences. Based on the results of data collection, this short film was designed with an emphasis on one of the psychological impacts experienced by the victim which is low self-esteem. As a result, this short film has presented a visualization that can convey messages about the psychological impact that occurs on victims of body shaming to teenage girls.
NARASI LIRIS FOTOGRAFI JURNALISTIK PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19: STUDI KASUS PROYEK FOTOGRAFI “STILL LIVES” OLEH THE NEW YORK TIMES
Authors: Purnomo Aji Susanto Anom , Andrea Novan Jemmi , Kusuma Monica Revias Purwa
Published: May 2021

2020 is the year when the world is faced with a health crisis, namely the Covid-19 pandemic or also known as the Corona Virus. All aspects of life are affected by this crisis, the joints of humanity are faced with limitations. The mass media are intensively reporting various incidents regarding the Covid-19 pandemic. The stories are often accompanied by journalistic photos. One of the functions of photojournalism is to strengthen the story of what the media wants to convey. Journalistic photos during this pandemic usually feature scenes from medical activities, government policies and large narratives that are cold on empathetic human relations. However, different from most photojournalism in most mass media, The New York Times publishes "Still Lives" photography projects that are done by its photographers. The project presents a different narrative from this time of the pandemic. The “Still Lives” photography project is important because it presents journalistic photos that tell a domestic narrative that is close to the sides of universal humanity, namely the stories of the photographers' homes and families. This study aims to describe and interpret the “Still Lives” photography project as an alternative in creating a different narrative from photojournalism during the pandemic. This study used a descriptive qualitative research method based on phenomenology with Roland Barthes' main theory of semiotics and supported by journalistic photography theory and representation theory. The research results obtained a complete explanation and meaning of the “Still Lives” Project from The New York Times. The project according to the theory of photo journalistic is photo story based on personal experiences. From the analysis through the theory of semiotics from Roland Barthes and representation theory successfully obtained a result that basically projects “Still Lives” can be understood as a representation of the universal experience and feeling by mankind. Project “Still Lives” provides the representation of covid-19 pandemic through the mass media journalistic that show an alternative offer to journalistic practice to use lyrical narratives and personal experience in the story and more empathy in the mass publication of pandemic covid-19.
STRATEGI KREATIF PERANCANGAN KOMUNIKASI VISUAL PARIWISATA INDONESIA “TEMUKAN LOKALMU”
Authors: Iskandar Bianca , Valentina Anny , Bekti Siti Nurannissaa Parama
Published: May 2021

As a country known for its diversity of natural beauty and cultural diversity, Indonesia has the potential as a tourist destination. Tourism is one of the largest income in Indonesia. The high interest of foreign tourists is inversely proportional to the decrease of local tourists every year. One of the reasons is that local tourists prefer to travel abroad. Pandemic conditions are also one of the causes of declining in the domestic tourism industry. This study aims to find an alternative concept of creative strategies for designing tourism visual communication that emphasizes local aspects. This research used mixed methods, quantitative methods by using questionnaires and qualitative methods by using observation, interviews and literature study. The target audience is the young generations aged 21-27 years, domiciled in Jakarta and having SES A-B economy class. The result of this research form a creative strategy in visual communication design with the concept of "Discover your locale". This concept emphasizes the delivery of information about characteristics, local aspects, and recommended information on the attractiveness of an area from local residents to gain new experiences.
MAKNA PERUBAHAN LOGO PARTAI KEADILAN SEJAHTERA (PKS) DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN BRAND IMAGE PKS
Authors: Muhammad Ben Isa
Published: May 2021

Pada hari Minggu, 29 November 2020, Partai Keadilan Sejahtera menggelar Musyawarah Nasional V PKS di kota Bandung. Bertepatan dengan acara tersebut, diluncurkan Lambang, mars dan hymne baru PKS. Sebelumnya, lambang PKS bernuansa hitam-kuning, berbentuk kotak hitam dengan bentuk bulan sabit dan untaian 17 butir padi berwarna kuning. Lambang baru PKS memiliki warna dominan oranye-putih dan berbentuk bulat dengan unsur bulan sabit dan padi tetap ada, namun berwarna putih. Perubahan logo adalah bagian transformasi nilai yang dicanangkan oleh PKS, bisa dikategorikan sebagai corporate rebranding. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan analisis semiotika Charles Sanders Peirce. Penulis berusaha menyelidiki, mempelajari dan menggambarkan bagaimana makna yang terkandung dalam logo baru Partai Keadilan Sejahtera, dan bagaimana peran perubahan logo sebagai bagian dari corporate rebranding Partai Keadilan Sejahtera. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa makna yang direpresentasikan dalam visual logo baru PKS adalah perubahan citra partai dari yang lebih agamis dan formal menjadi lebih netral, muda, segar dan dinamis. Sebagai bagian dari corporate rebranding Partai Keadilan Sejahtera, perubahan logo PKS merupakan strategi partai untuk menarik minat calon konstituen baru, terutama dari kalangan milenial. PKS melakukan evolusi logo ke bentuk desain yang lebih modern yang adaptif dan organik.