bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multibeam laser–plasma interaction at the Gekko XII laser facility in conditions relevant for direct-drive inertial confinement fusion
Authors: Cristoforetti G. , Koester P. , Atzeni S. , Batani D. , Fujioka S. , Hironaka Y. , Hüller S. , Idesaka T. , Katagiri K. , Kawasaki K. , Kodama R. , Mancelli D. , Nicolai Ph. , Ozaki N. , Schiavi A. , Shigemori K. , Takizawa R. , Tamagawa T. , Tanaka D. , Tentori A. , Umeda Y. , Yogo A. , Gizzi L. A.
Published: February 2023

Laser–plasma interaction and hot electrons have been characterized in detail in laser irradiation conditions relevant for direct-drive inertial confinement fusion. The experiment was carried out at the Gekko XII laser facility in multibeam planar target geometry at an intensity of approximately

$3\times {10}^{15}$

W/cm2. Experimental data suggest that high-energy electrons, with temperatures of 20–50 keV and conversion efficiencies of

$\eta <1\%$

, were mainly produced by the damping of electron plasma waves driven by two-plasmon decay (TPD). Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) is observed in a near-threshold growth regime, producing a reflectivity of approximately

$0.01\%$

, and is well described by an analytical model accounting for the convective growth in independent speckles. The experiment reveals that both TPD and SRS are collectively driven by multiple beams, resulting in a more vigorous growth than that driven by single-beam laser intensity.
Weakly nonlinear versus semi-linear models of the nonlinear evolution of the centrifugal instability
Authors: Yim Eunok , Billant Paul , Gallaire François
Published: February 2023

We carry out a weakly nonlinear analysis of the centrifugal instability for a columnar vortex in a rotating fluid, and compare the results to those of the semi-linear model derived empirically by Yim et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 897, 2020, A34). The asymptotic analysis assumes that the Reynolds number is close to the instability threshold so that the perturbation is only marginally unstable. This leads to two coupled equations that govern the evolutions of the amplitude of the perturbation and of the mean flow under the effect of the Reynolds stresses due to the perturbation. These equations differ from the Stuart–Landau amplitude equation or coupled amplitude equations involving a mean field that have been derived previously. In particular, the amplitude does not saturate to a constant as in the supercritical Stuart–Landau equation, but decays afterwards reflecting the instability disappearance when the mean flow tends toward a neutrally stable profile in the direct numerical simulations (DNS). These equations resemble those of the semi-linear model except that the perturbation in the weakly nonlinear model keeps at leading order the structure of the eigenmode of the unperturbed base flow. The predictions of the weakly nonlinear equations are compared to those of the semi-linear model and to DNS for the Rossby number

$Ro=-4$

and various Reynolds numbers and wavenumbers. They are in good agreement with the DNS when the growth rate is sufficiently small. However, the agreement deteriorates and becomes only qualitative for parameters away from the marginal values, whereas the semi-linear model continues to be in better agreement with the DNS.
Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with spinal cord injury at admission: a single-centred study in the UK
Authors: Wong Samford , Dong Honglin , Hirani Shashivadan P. , Gainullina Irina , Ussef Ibrahim , Graham Allison
Published: February 2023

Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in patients with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) and has been implicated as an aetiologic factor of osteoporosis and various skeletal and extra-skeletal issues in SCI patients. Few data were available regarding vitamin D status in patients with acute SCI or immediately assessed at hospital admission. This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated vitamin D status in SCI patients at admission to a UK SCI centre in January–December 2017. A total of 196 eligible patients with serum 25(OH)D concentration records at admission were recruited. The results found that 24 % were vitamin D deficient (serum 25(OH)D < 25 nmol/l), 57 % of the patients had serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l. The male patients, patients admitted in the winter–spring time (December–May), and patients with serum sodium < 135 mmol/l or with non-traumatic causes had a significant higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency than their counterparts (28 % males v. 11⋅8 % females, P = 0⋅02; 30⋅2 % in winter–spring v. 12⋅9 % in summer–autumn, P = 0⋅007; 32⋅1 % non-traumatic v. 17⋅6 % traumatic SCI, P = 0⋅03; 38⋅9 % low serum sodium v. 18⋅8 % normal serum sodium, P = 0⋅010). There was a significant inverse association of serum 25(OH)D concentration with body mass index (BMI) (r = −0⋅311, P = 0⋅002), serum total cholesterol (r = −0⋅168, P = 0⋅04) and creatinine concentrations (r = −0⋅162, P = 0⋅02) that were also significant predictors of serum 25(OH)D concentration. Strategies for systematic screening and efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in SCI patients need to be implemented and further investigated to prevent the vitamin D deficiency-related chronic complications.
INTUITIONISTIC SAHLQVIST THEORY FOR DEDUCTIVE SYSTEMS
Authors: FORNASIERE DAMIANO , MORASCHINI TOMMASO
Published: February 2023

Sahlqvist theory is extended to the fragments of the intuitionistic propositional calculus that include the conjunction connective. This allows us to introduce a Sahlqvist theory of intuitionistic character amenable to arbitrary protoalgebraic deductive systems. As an application, we obtain a Sahlqvist theorem for the fragments of the intuitionistic propositional calculus that include the implication connective and for the extensions of the intuitionistic linear logic.
The Many Faces of Slavery
Authors: Marquez John C.
Published: February 2023

This essay reviews the following works:

The Trade in the Living: The Formation of Brazil in the South Atlantic, Sixteenth to Seventeenth Centuries. By Luiz Felipe de Alencastro. Translated by Gavin Adams and Luiz Felipe de Alencastro; revised by Michael Wolfers and Dale Tomich. Albany: SUNY Press, 2018. Pp. xx + 606. $95.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781438469294.

Freedom’s Captives: Slavery and Gradual Emancipation on the Colombian Black Pacific. By Yesenia Barragan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021. Pp. xviii + 326. $99.99 hardcover. ISBN: 9781108832328.

From the Galleons to the Highlands: Slave Trade Routes in the Spanish Americas. Edited by Alex Borucki, David Eltis, and David Wheat. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2020. Pp. x + 350. $34.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780826361165.

Una historia de la emancipación negra: Esclavitud y abolición en la Argentina. By Magdalena Candioti. Buenos Aires: Siglo Veintiuno Editores, 2021. Pp. 272. Arg$3,892.00 paperback. ISBN: 9789878011134.

Hiding in Plain Sight: Black Women, the Law, and the Making of a White Argentine Republic. By Erika Denise Edwards. Tuscaloosa: University Alabama Press, 2020. Pp. xvi + 168. $29.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780817360313.

Afro-Catholic Festivals in the Americas: Performance, Representation, and the Making of Black Atlantic Tradition. Edited by Cécile Fromont. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2019. Pp. 224. $29.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780271083308.

Constructing the Spanish Empire in Havana: State Slavery in Defense and Development, 1762–1835. By Evelyn P. Jennings. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2020. Pp. xiv + 283. $45.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780807173947.

Africanos livres: A abolição do tráfico de escravos para o Brasil. By Beatriz G. Mamigonian. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2017. Pp. 625. R$74.90 paperback. ISBN: 9788535929331.

The Story of Rufino: Slavery, Freedom, and Islam in the Black Atlantic. By João José Reis, Flávio dos Santos Gomes, and Marcus J. M. de Carvalho. Translated by H. Sabrina Gledhill. New York: Oxford University Press, 2020. Pp. ix + 307. ISBN: 9780190224363.

Captives of Conquest: Slavery in the Early Modern Spanish Caribbean. By Erin Woodruff Stone. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2021. Pp. 235. $49.95 hardcover. ISBN: 9780812253108.
Association between legume consumption and the intake of other foods and nutrients in the Finnish adult population
Authors: Gholami Karim Abad Atiyeh , Kinnunen Tarja I. , Maukonen Mirkka , Koivisto Anna-Maija , Männistö Satu , Kaartinen Niina E.
Published: February 2023

The role of legumes in healthy and sustainable diets is increasingly of interest. Few studies have investigated the association between legume consumption and the consumption of other food groups and the intake of nutrients. This study examined how legume consumption is associated with the consumption of other foods and the intake of nutrients among Finnish adults. Our study used cross-sectional data from the population-based FinHealth 2017 Study consisting of 2250 men and 2875 women aged ≥18 years. The associations between legume consumption (quartile classification), food groups and nutrients were analysed using multivariable linear regression. The models were initially adjusted for energy intake and additionally for age, educational level, smoking status, leisure-time physical activity and BMI. Legume consumption had a positive association with age, education level and leisure-time physical activity. The consumption of legumes was positively associated with the consumption of fruits and berries, vegetables, nuts and seeds and fish and fish products and inversely associated with the consumption of red and processed meat, cereals and butter and butter-based fat spreads. Furthermore, legume consumption was positively associated with the intake of protein, fibre, folate, thiamine and salt in both sexes and inversely associated with the intake of saturated fatty acids and sucrose (sucrose, women only). Thus, legume consumption appears to reflect overall healthier food choices. An increase in legume consumption could accelerate the transition to more sustainable diets. The confounding role of other foods and nutrients should be considered when studying associations between legume consumption and health outcomes.
Oceanic resurge deposits at the Rochechouart impact structure (France) suggest a marine target environment
Authors: Ormö Jens , Sturkell Erik , Lambert Philippe , Bourquin Sylvie , Cherfils Jean-Baptiste
Published: February 2023

The Rochechouart impact structure, located in the western part of the Massif Central in France, has been suggested to be one of the largest impact structures in western Europe. Various age datings have placed the event in a span from the Late Triassic to the Early Jurassic, but the most recent works favour a Late Triassic age. Very little is known about the target environment at the time and location of the impact event. Seemingly coeval, potential tsunamites along palaeoshorelines of the sea that covered parts of continental Europe at the time have been suggested to be related to the impact event and may indicate a marine target setting. Here we apply the method of visual line-logging of the graded suevite in the Chassenon SC2 drill core. This method has previously been used to investigate the depositional environment of similar deposits in several marine target impact craters. It allowed us to compare the deposits at these craters with those at Rochechouart, and in this way not only confirm the marine target setting, but also estimate the target water depth to be ∼200 m. Altogether, our results indicate a palaeogeographic target setting in a newly opened seaway connecting the Paris Basin with the Aquitaine Basin, which may indicate an age of impact at the younger end of the hitherto suggested age-span, i.e. in the late Rhaetian – Early Jurassic.
Double Machine Learning: Explaining the Post-Earnings Announcement Drift
Authors: Hansen Jacob H. , Siggaard Mathias V.
Published: February 2023

We demonstrate the benefits of merging traditional hypothesis-driven research with new methods from machine learning that enable high-dimensional inference. Because the literature on post-earnings announcement drift (PEAD) is characterized by a “zoo” of explanations, limited academic consensus on model design, and reliance on massive data, it will serve as a leading example to demonstrate the challenges of high-dimensional analysis. We identify a small set of variables associated with momentum, liquidity, and limited arbitrage that explain PEAD directly and consistently, and the framework can be applied broadly in finance.
Anomaly Discovery and Arbitrage Trading
Authors: Dong Xi , Liu Qi , Lu Lei , Sun Bo , Yan Hongjun
Published: February 2023

We analyze a model in which an anomaly is unknown to arbitrageurs until its discovery, and test the model implications on both asset prices and arbitrageurs’ trading activities. Using data on 99 anomalies documented in the existing literature, we find that the discovery of an anomaly reduces the correlation between the returns of its decile-1 and decile-10 portfolios. This discovery effect is stronger if the aggregate wealth of hedge funds is more volatile. Finally, hedge funds increase (reverse) their positions in exploiting anomalies when their aggregate wealth increases (decreases), further suggesting that these discovery effects operate through arbitrage trading.
Strengthening small-scale fisheries management and conservation in Myanmar through locally managed marine areas
Authors: Thiha Soe , Zayya Kyaw , Aye Muyar , Aung Soe Tint , Lin Salai Mon Nyi Nyi , Carli Filippo , Duffy Henry
Published: February 2023

The NGO Fauna & Flora started working in the Myeik Archipelago, southern Myanmar in 2013, and in 2017 three locally managed marine areas were established to aid sustainable fisheries management and support biodiversity conservation. These sites are the first protected areas specifically established for co-management of marine fisheries in Myanmar, in which long-term management rights have been formally granted to local fishing communities. The establishment of a further four locally managed marine areas is now in progress, with ambitions for a network to be established throughout the archipelago. To track changes in these habitats over time, assess effectiveness and inform adaptive fisheries management, annual coral reef monitoring will be conducted at these community-managed sites. We provide an overview of the locally managed marine areas recently established in Myanmar and of proposed new sites, and detail the establishment of the first permanent coral reef monitoring transects. In sharing the initial evidence gathered on the impact of new, local management measures, we aim to highlight the importance and benefit of developing marine resource management systems to strengthen fisheries management while simultaneously establishing a monitoring framework to fill a national and global coral reef data gap.
Why is Lived Experience Absent from Social Security Policymaking?
Authors: Speed Ewen , Reeves Aaron
Published: February 2023

Processes of public engagement in decision-making and research are increasingly discussed as ways of addressing democratic deficits in high-income countries. In this paper, we explore why these processes of engagement and involvement in the UK have been less successfully incorporated into social security policymaking aimed at the out-of-work by drawing a comparison with health policy, a sphere in which these processes have now become orthodox (albeit imperfect). There is, for example, no formal or institutionalised imperative to involve people with lived experience of out-of-work social security benefits in processes of policy development. Government departments might focus group new policies with members of the public or hold periodic discussions with beneficiaries but in recent years there have been a number of major reforms to out-of-work social security which have been developed almost entirely without involving those affected. This would have been unacceptable in the health policy arena. We argue that this difference is rooted in structural differences in how the field of power for this form of social policy is organised, in the different social imaginaries which construct patients and out-of-work beneficiaries, and in the limited scope for solidarity and collective action around resisting the stigmatisation of out-of-work beneficiaries.
Graph models for engineering design: Model encoding, and fidelity evaluation based on dataset and other sources of knowledge
Authors: Coatanéa Eric , Nagarajan Hari , Mokhtarian Hossein , Wu Di , Panicker Suraj , Morales-Forero Andrés , Bassetto Samuel
Published: February 2023

Automatically extracting knowledge from small datasets with a valid causal ordering is a challenge for current state-of-the-art methods in machine learning. Extracting other type of knowledge is important but challenging for multiple engineering fields where data are scarce and difficult to collect. This research aims to address this problem by presenting a machine learning-based modeling framework leveraging the knowledge available in fundamental units of the variables recorded from data samples, to develop parsimonious, explainable, and graph-based simulation models during the early design stages. The developed approach is exemplified using an engineering design case study of a spherical body moving in a fluid. For the system of interest, two types of intricated models are generated by (1) using an automated selection of variables from datasets and (2) combining the automated extraction with supplementary knowledge about functions and dimensional homogeneity associated with the variables of the system. The effect of design, data, model, and simulation specifications on model fidelity are investigated. The study discusses the interrelationships between fidelity levels, variables, functions, and the available knowledge. The research contributes to the development of a fidelity measurement theory by presenting the premises of a standardized, modeling approach for transforming data into measurable level of fidelities for the produced models. This research shows that structured model building with a focus on model fidelity can support early design reasoning and decision making using for example the dimensional analysis conceptual modeling (DACM) framework.
Monoidal reverse differential categories
Authors: Cruttwell Geoff , Gallagher Jonathan , Lemay Jean-Simon Pacaud , Pronk Dorette
Published: February 2023

Cartesian reverse differential categories (CRDCs) are a recently defined structure which categorically model the reverse differentiation operations used in supervised learning. Here, we define a related structure called a monoidal reverse differential category, prove important results about its relationship to CRDCs, and provide examples of both structures, including examples coming from models of quantum computation.
Including mental health care in a model of European health system
Authors: Garattini Livio , Barbato Angelo , D'Avanzo Barbara , Nobili Alessandro
Published: February 2023

The management of a health system is a matter of economics and business administration because of the costs induced by goods and services delivered. Economics teaches us that the positive effects induced by competition in free markets cannot be expected in health care, which is a classic example of market failure from both demand and supply sides. The most sensible key concepts to refer for managing a health system are funding and provision. While the logical solution for the first variable is universal coverage through general taxation, the second one requires a deeper understanding. Integrated care is the modern approach that better supports the choice in favour of the public sector also for service provision. A major threat against this approach is dual practice legally allowed for health professionals, which inevitably raises financial conflicts of interest. An exclusive contract of employment for civil servants should be the sine qua non for providing public services effectively and efficiently. Integrated care is particularly important for long-term chronic illnesses associated with high levels of disability, such as neurodegenerative diseases and mental disorders, where the mix of health and social services needed can be very complex. Nowadays the growing number of community-dwelling patients with multiple physical and mental health needs is the major challenge for the European health systems. This happens also in public health systems, which should provide universal health coverage in principle, and the case of mental disorders is striking. In the light of this theoretical exercise, we strongly believe that a public National Health and Social Service should be the most indicated model for both funding and providing health and social care in modern societies. The big challenge of the common model of European health system here envisaged would be to limit the negative influences of politics and bureaucracy.
Closing the Wearable Gap: Foot–ankle kinematic modeling via deep learning models based on a smart sock wearable
Authors: Davarzani Samaneh , Saucier David , Talegaonkar Purva , Parker Erin , Turner Alana , Middleton Carver , Carroll Will , Ball John E. , Gurbuz Ali , Chander Harish , Burch Reuben F. , Smith Brian K. , Knight Adam , Freeman Charles
Published: February 2023

The development of wearable technology, which enables motion tracking analysis for human movement outside the laboratory, can improve awareness of personal health and performance. This study used a wearable smart sock prototype to track foot–ankle kinematics during gait movement. Multivariable linear regression and two deep learning models, including long short-term memory (LSTM) and convolutional neural networks, were trained to estimate the joint angles in sagittal and frontal planes measured by an optical motion capture system. Participant-specific models were established for ten healthy subjects walking on a treadmill. The prototype was tested at various walking speeds to assess its ability to track movements for multiple speeds and generalize models for estimating joint angles in sagittal and frontal planes. LSTM outperformed other models with lower mean absolute error (MAE), lower root mean squared error, and higher R-squared values. The average MAE score was less than 1.138° and 0.939° in sagittal and frontal planes, respectively, when training models for each speed and 2.15° and 1.14° when trained and evaluated for all speeds. These results indicate wearable smart socks to generalize foot–ankle kinematics over various walking speeds with relatively low error and could consequently be used to measure gait parameters without the need for a lab-constricted motion capture system.
Kompetenztraining für Eltern sozial auffälliger Jugendlicher (KES-J)
Authors: Lauth Gerhard W. , Lauth-Lebens Morena
Published: February 2023

Die Pubertät: eine Zeit rascher und umfassender Veränderungen für die Eltern, die Jugendlichen und die Familie. Meistens stellt sich der Wandel nicht ohne Turbulenzen, große und kleine Krisen ein. Wenn aufmerksamkeitsgestörte oder sozial auffällige Kinder in die Pubertät kommen, sind diese Turbulenzen jedoch oft bedrohlich. Die ohnehin schon bestehenden Probleme verschärfen sich deutlich. Und die Eltern haben oft keine Basis, um mit den Jugendlichen ins Gespräch zu kommen. Zudem fehlt es den Eltern meistens an erzieherischen Fähigkeiten, um die schwierige Situation zu gestalten.
Das vorliegende Buch stellt ein Training für Eltern von sozial auffälligen Jugendlichen dar. Die Eltern lernen einzeln oder in Gruppen, wie sie ihren Sohn bzw. ihre Tochter angemessen anleiten können. Die Jugendlichen werden in das Elterntraining einbezogen. Das therapeutische Vorgehen und die vorausgehenden diagnostischen Maßnahmen werden anschaulich dargestellt. Alle im Manual beschriebenen Materialien können nach erfolgter Registrierung von der Hogrefe Website heruntergeladen werden. Außerdem informiert das Buch fundiert über die Reifungskrisen, die in der Pubertät auftreten. Pubertät wird als Entwicklungsaufgabe für den Jugendlichen und seine Eltern sowie seine Familie behandelt.
Das Manual hat sich umfangreich bewährt. Es ist sorgfältig erstellt und verfolgt entwicklungsorientierte Ziele. Es schließt eine eklatante Lücke in den bisherigen Behandlungsprogrammen und stellt die praktische Umsetzbarkeit in den Mittelpunkt.
Wertschätzung in Organisationen fördern
Authors: Häfner Alexander , Hartmann-Pinneker Julia
Published: February 2023

Abwertung scheint an vielen Stellen in unserer Gesellschaft Hochkonjunktur zu haben. Abwertende Äußerungen gegenüber Angehörigen von Minderheiten, Drohungen gegenüber Politikern und Polizisten, Beleidigungen und Hass in sozialen Medien oder stark abwertende Zuspitzungen in politischen Auseinandersetzungen – es fehlt offensichtlich an vielen Stellen in unserer Gesellschaft an gegenseitigem Respekt und Wertschätzung.
Fehlende Wertschätzung ist jedoch nicht nur in Gesellschaft und Politik ein relevantes Thema, auch in Unternehmen leiden Menschen unter abwertenden Erlebnissen. Die Auswirkungen können für Betroffene gravierend sein. Forschungsbefunde zeigen negative Auswirkungen von Abwertung auf Gesundheit, Arbeitszufriedenheit und Leistung. Für manche Beschäftige bleibt als Ausweg nur die Kündigung oder sie scheiden aufgrund von Krankheit aus dem Berufsleben aus.
Wie können Unternehmen so gestaltet werden, dass Abwertungen möglichst vermieden und im Gegenteil Wertschätzung begünstigt wird? Was können Führungskräfte in ihrem Verantwortungsbereich tun? Wie können Mitarbeitende einen Beitrag für mehr Wertschätzung leisten? Wie kann eine wertschätzende Unternehmenskultur gestaltet werden? Das Buch gibt Antworten auf diese Fragen. Verschiedene Ansatzpunkte wie wertschätzendes Feedback, die Vermeidung illegitimer Aufgaben, mehr Fairness bei Leistungsbeurteilungen oder die Förderung eines respektvollen Miteinanders im Team werden praxisnah beschrieben und anhand konkreter Fallbeispiele veranschaulicht. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt des Bandes liegt dabei auf wertschätzendem Führungsverhalten durch die direkte Führungskraft.
Dependence of Ionospheric Responses on Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure During Geomagnetic Storms Using Global Long‐Term GNSS‐TEC Data
Authors: Sori Takuya , Shinbori Atsuki , Otsuka Yuichi , Nishioka Michi , Perwitasari Septi
Published: February 2023

To elucidate the effect of solar wind dynamic pressure on the activities of ionospheric plasma irregularities in both high‐latitude and equatorial regions, we analyzed the long‐term global navigation satellite system (GNSS) total electron content (TEC) data from 2000 to 2018 and performed a superposed epoch analysis of the GNSS rate of the TEC index (ROTI), solar wind, interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), and geomagnetic index. We found that during the main phase of geomagnetic storms, the activities of ionospheric plasma irregularities were considerably enhanced in both high‐latitude and equatorial regions under high‐pressure conditions, and the equatorward edge of the auroral oval moved to lower latitudes. The poleward edge of the enhanced low‐latitude ROTI region (occurrence region of the plasma bubbles) in the evening sector extended to higher latitudes under high‐pressure conditions. During the recovery phase of geomagnetic storms, the plasma bubble occurrence in the dusk sector was suppressed under high‐pressure conditions. Our results suggest that the high‐latitude convection electric field and the penetration and disturbance dynamo electric fields at low latitudes become stronger during geomagnetic storms when the solar wind dynamic pressure is enhanced. This is because the conversion from solar wind energy to electromagnetic energy in the magnetosphere is enhanced by the formation of a high plasma pressure area in the high‐latitude cusp and mantle region. Therefore, not only the southward IMF but also solar wind dynamic pressure are important factors for varying global ionospheric responses during geomagnetic storms.
Subseasonal Great Plains Rainfall via Remote Extratropical Teleconnections: Regional Application of Theory‐Guided Causal Networks
Authors: Malloy Kelsey , Kirtman Ben P.
Published: February 2023

Long‐range U.S. summer rainfall prediction skill is low. Monsoon variability, especially over the West North Pacific Monsoon (WNPM) and/or East Asian Monsoon (EAM) region, can influence U.S. Great Plains hydroclimate variability via a forced Rossby wave response. Here, we explored subseasonal monsoon variability as a source of predictability for Great Plains rainfall. The boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) is related to Great Plains convection and Great Plains low‐level jet (LLJ) anomalies as well as a cross‐Pacific wave train. Using a causal effect network, we found that the time between BSISO‐related geopotential height anomalies and Great Plains rainfall anomalies is about 2 weeks; therefore, BSISO convection may be a valuable forecast of opportunity for subseasonal prediction of Great Plains convection anomalies. More specifically, causal link patterns/maps revealed that the above‐normal weekly EAM rainfall, rather than WNPM rainfall or general geopotential height activity over the East Asia, was causally linked to Great Plains LLJ strengthening and active Great Plains convection the following week.
Plan‐Form Evolution of Drainage Basins in Response to Tectonic Changes: Insights From Experimental and Numerical Landscapes
Authors: Habousha K. , Goren L. , Nativ R. , Gruber C.
Published: February 2023

Spatial gradients in rock uplift control the relief and slope distribution in uplifted terrains. Relief and slopes, in turn, promote channelization and fluvial incision. Consequently, the geometry of drainage basins is linked to the spatial pattern of uplift. When the uplift pattern changes, basin geometry is expected to change by migrating water divides. However, the relations between drainage pattern and changing uplift patterns remain elusive. The current study investigates the plan‐view evolution of drainage basins and the reorganization of drainage networks in response to changes in the spatial pattern of uplift, focusing on basin interactions that produce globally observed geometrical scaling relations. We combine landscape evolution experiments and simulations to explore a double‐stage scenario: the emergence of a fluvial network under block uplift conditions followed by tilting that forces drainage reorganization. We find that the globally observed basin spacing ratio and Hack's parameters emerge early in the basin formation and are maintained by differential basin growth. In response to the tilting, main divide migration induces basin size changes. However, basins' scaling relations are mostly preserved within a narrow range of values, assisted by incorporation and disconnection of basins to and from the migrating main divide. Lastly, owing to similarities in landscape dynamics and response rate to uplift pattern changes between experiments and simulations, we conclude that the stream power incision model can represent fluvial erosion processes operating in experimental settings.
Water column dynamics control nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation by Candidatus “Methylomirabilis” in stratified lake basins
Authors: Su Guangyi , Lehmann Moritz F , Tischer Jana , Weber Yuki , Lepori Fabio , Walser Jean-Claude , Niemann Helge , Zopfi Jakob
Published: February 2023

We investigated microbial methane oxidation in the water column of two connected but hydrodynamically contrasting basins of Lake Lugano, Switzerland. Both basins accumulate large amounts of methane in the water column below their chemoclines, but methane oxidation efficiently prevents methane from reaching surface waters. Here we show that in the meromictic North Basin water column, a substantial fraction of methane was eliminated through anaerobic methane oxidation (AOM) coupled to nitrite reduction by Candidatus Methylomirabilis. Incubations with 14CH4 and concentrated biomass from this basin showed enhanced AOM rates with nitrate (+62%) and nitrite (+43%). In the more dynamic South Basin, however, aerobic methanotrophs prevailed, Ca. Methylomirabilis was absent in the anoxic water column, and no evidence was found for nitrite-dependent AOM. Here, the duration of seasonal stratification and anoxia seems to be too short, relative to the slow growth rate of Ca. Methylomirabilis, to allow for the establishment of anaerobic methanotrophs, in spite of favorable hydrochemical conditions. Using 16 S rRNA gene sequence data covering nearly ten years of community dynamics, we show that Ca. Methylomirabilis was a permanent element of the pelagic methane filter in the North Basin, which proliferated during periods of stable water column conditions and became the dominant methanotroph in the system. Conversely, more dynamic water column conditions led to a decline of Ca. Methylomirabilis and induced blooms of the faster-growing aerobic methanotrophs Methylobacter and Crenothrix. Our data highlight that physical (mixing) processes and ecosystem stability are key drivers controlling the community composition of aerobic and anaerobic methanotrophs.
Differential effects of the LncRNA RNF157-AS1 on epithelial ovarian cancer cells through suppression of DIRAS3- and ULK1-mediated autophagy
Authors: Xu Pengfei , Xu Sujuan , Pan Haiyue , Dai Chencheng , Xu Yiran , Wang Luyao , Cong Yu , Zhang Huilin , Cao Jian , Ge Lili , Jia Xuemei
Published: February 2023

Analyses of several databases showed that the lncRNA RNF157 Antisense RNA 1 (RNF157-AS1) is overexpressed in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) tissues. In our study, suppressing RNF157-AS1 strikingly reduced the proliferation, invasion, and migration of EOC cells compared with control cells, while overexpressing RNF157-AS1 greatly increased these effects. By RNA pulldown assays, RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays, and mass spectrometry, RNF157-AS1 was further found to be able to bind to the HMGA1 and EZH2 proteins. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays showed that RNF157-AS1 and HMGA1 bound to the ULK1 promoter and prevented the expression of ULK1. Additionally, RNF157-AS1 interacted with EZH2 to bind to the DIRAS3 promoter and diminish DIRAS3 expression. ULK1 and DIRAS3 were found to be essential for autophagy. Combination autophagy inhibitor and RNF157-AS1 overexpression or knockdown, a change in the LC3 II/I ratio was found using immunofluorescence (IF) staining and western blot (WB) analysis. The autophagy level also was confirmed by autophagy/cytotoxicity dual staining. However, the majority of advanced EOC patients require platinum-based chemotherapy, since autophagy is a cellular catabolic response to cell stress. As a result, RNF157-AS1 increased EOC cell sensitivity to chemotherapy and death under cis-platinum (DDP) treatment by suppressing autophagy, as confirmed by cell count Kit-8 (CCK8) assays, flow cytometry, and autophagy/cytotoxicity dual staining. Therefore, the OS and PPS times were longer in EOC patients with elevated RNF157-AS1 expression. RNF157-AS1-mediated autophagy has potential clinical significance in DDP chemotherapy for EOC patients.
Diverse behaviors in non-uniform chiral and non-chiral swarmalators
Authors: Ceron Steven , O’Keeffe Kevin , Petersen Kirstin
Published: February 2023

We study the emergent behaviors of a population of swarming coupled oscillators, dubbed swarmalators. Previous work considered the simplest, idealized case: identical swarmalators with global coupling. Here we expand this work by adding more realistic features: local coupling, non-identical natural frequencies, and chirality. This more realistic model generates a variety of new behaviors including lattices of vortices, beating clusters, and interacting phase waves. Similar behaviors are found across natural and artificial micro-scale collective systems, including social slime mold, spermatozoa vortex arrays, and Quincke rollers. Our results indicate a wide range of future use cases, both to aid characterization and understanding of natural swarms, and to design complex interactions in collective systems from soft and active matter to micro-robotics.
Inducing transient enantiomeric excess in a molecular quantum racemic mixture with microwave fields
Authors: Sun Wenhao , Tikhonov Denis S. , Singh Himanshi , Steber Amanda L. , Pérez Cristóbal , Schnell Melanie
Published: February 2023

Chiral molecules with low enantiomer interconversion barriers racemize even at cryogenic temperatures due to quantum tunneling, forming a racemic mixture that is impossible to separate using conventional chemical methods. Here we both experimentally and theoretically demonstrate a method to create and probe a state-specific enantiomeric enrichment for such molecular systems. The coherent, non-linear, and resonant approach is based on a microwave six-wave mixing scheme and consists of five phase-controlled microwave pulses. The first three pulses induce a chiral wavepacket in a chosen rotational state, while the consecutive two pulses induce a polarization for a particular rotational transition (listen transition) with a magnitude proportional to the enantiomeric excess created. The experiments are performed with the transiently chiral molecule benzyl alcohol, where a chiral molecular response was successfully obtained. This signal demonstrates that enantiomeric excess can be induced in a quantum racemic mixture of a transiently chiral molecule using the developed microwave six-wave mixing scheme, which is an important step towards controlling non-rigid chiral molecular systems.
Multicopy suppressor screens reveal convergent evolution of single-gene lysis proteins
Authors: Adler Benjamin A. , Chamakura Karthik , Carion Heloise , Krog Jonathan , Deutschbauer Adam M. , Young Ry , Mutalik Vivek K. , Arkin Adam P.
Published: February 2023

Single-strand RNA (ssRNA) Fiersviridae phages cause host lysis with a product of single gene (sgl for single-gene lysis; product Sgl) that induces autolysis. Many different Sgls have been discovered, but the molecular targets of only a few have been identified. In this study, we used a high-throughput genetic screen to uncover genome-wide host suppressors of diverse Sgls. In addition to validating known molecular mechanisms, we discovered that the Sgl of PP7, an ssRNA phage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, targets MurJ, the flippase responsible for lipid II export, previously shown to be the target of the Sgl of coliphage M. These two Sgls, which are unrelated and predicted to have opposite membrane topology, thus represent a case of convergent evolution. We extended the genetic screens to other uncharacterized Sgls and uncovered a common set of multicopy suppressors, suggesting that these Sgls act by the same or similar mechanism.
A dataset of definitive endoderm and hepatocyte differentiations from human induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Tanaka Yuki , Furuhata Erina , Maeda Shiori , Kishima Mami , Suzuki Harukazu , Suzuki Takahiro
Published: February 2023

Hepatocytes are a major parenchymal cell type in the liver and play an essential role in liver function. Hepatocyte-like cells can be differentiated in vitro from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) via definitive endoderm (DE)-like cells and hepatoblast-like cells. Here, we explored the in vitro differentiation time-course of hepatocyte-like cells. We performed methylome and transcriptome analyses for hepatocyte-like cell differentiation. We also analyzed DE-like cell differentiation by methylome, transcriptome, chromatin accessibility, and GATA6 binding profiles, using finer time-course samples. In this manuscript, we provide a detailed description of the dataset and the technical validations. Our data may be valuable for the analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlying hepatocyte and DE differentiations.
Deep learning based atomic defect detection framework for two-dimensional materials
Authors: Chen Fu-Xiang Rikudo , Lin Chia-Yu , Siao Hui-Ying , Jian Cheng-Yuan , Yang Yong-Cheng , Lin Chun-Liang
Published: February 2023

Defects to popular two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) seriously lower the efficiency of field-effect transistor (FET) and depress the development of 2D materials. These atomic defects are mainly identified and researched by scanning tunneling microscope (STM) because it can provide precise measurement without harming the samples. The long analysis time of STM for locating defects in images has been solved by combining feature detection with convolutional neural networks (CNN). However, the low signal-noise ratio, insufficient data, and a large amount of TMDs members make the automatic defect detection system hard to be applied. In this study, we propose a deep learning-based atomic defect detection framework (DL-ADD) to efficiently detect atomic defects in molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and generalize the model for defect detection in other TMD materials. We design DL-ADD with data augmentation, color preprocessing, noise filtering, and a detection model to improve detection quality. The DL-ADD provides precise detection in MoS2 (F2-scores is 0.86 on average) and good generality to WS2 (F2-scores is 0.89 on average).
Atypical Polycystic Kidney Disease as defined by Imaging
Authors: Iliuta Ioan-Andrei , Win Aung Zaw , Lanktree Matthew B. , Lee Seung Heyck , Pourafkari Marina , Nasri Fatemeh , Guiard Elsa , Haghighi Amirreza , He Ning , Ingram Alistair , Quist Crystal , Hillier David , Khalili Korosh , Pei York
Published: February 2023

Using age- and height-adjusted total kidney volume, the Mayo Clinic Imaging Classification provides a validated approach to assess the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), but requires excluding patients with atypical imaging patterns, whose clinical characteristics have been poorly defined. We report an analysis of the prevalence, clinical and genetic characteristics of patients with atypical polycystic kidney disease by imaging. Patients from the extended Toronto Genetic Epidemiology Study of Polycystic Kidney Disease recruited between 2016 and 2018 completed a standardized clinical questionnaire, kidney function assessment, genetic testing, and kidney imaging by magnetic resonance or computed tomography. We compared the prevalence, clinical features, genetics, and renal prognosis of atypical versus typical polycystic kidney disease by imaging. Forty-six of the 523 (8.8%) patients displayed atypical polycystic kidney disease by imaging; they were older (55 vs. 43 years; P < 0.001), and less likely to have a family history of ADPKD (26.1% vs. 74.6%; P < 0.001), a detectable PKD1 or PKD2 mutation (9.2% vs. 80.4%; P < 0.001), or progression to CKD stage 3 or stage 5 (P < 0.001). Patients with atypical polycystic kidney disease by imaging represent a distinct prognostic group with a low likelihood of progression to CKD.
TRPA1 as a O2 sensor detects microenvironmental hypoxia in the mice anterior cingulate cortex
Authors: Kawabata Ryo , Shimoyama Shuji , Ueno Shinya , Yao Ikuko , Arata Akiko , Koga Kohei
Published: February 2023

Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is a member of the TRP channel family and is expressed in peripheral and central nervous systems. In the periphery, TRPA1 senses cold and pain. However, the functions of TRPA1 in the CNS are unclear. Here, we examined the roles of TRPA1 on neural activity and synaptic transmission in layer II/III pyramidal neurons from mice anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) by whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. The activation of Cinnamaldehyde (CA), which is TRPA1 agonist produced inward currents and these were blocked by the TRPA1 antagonists. Furthermore, activating TRPA1 changed the properties of action potentials such as the firing rate, rise time and decay time. In contrast, stimulating TRPA1 did not alter the spontaneous synaptic transmission. Finally, we examined the functional role of TRPA1 on neurons in a hypoxic environment. We induced an acute hypoxia by substituting nitrogen (N2) gas for oxygen (O2) in the external solution. N2 produced biphasic effects that consisting of inward currents in the early phase and outward currents in the late phase. Importantly, blocking TRPA1 reduced inward currents, but not outward currents. In contrast, a KATP channel blocker completely inhibited outward currents. These results suggest that TRPA1 acts on postsynaptic neurons in the ACC as an acute O2 sensor.
Directional asymmetry in gonad length indicates moray eels (Teleostei, Anguilliformes, Muraenidae) are “right-gonadal”
Authors: Lin Yu-Jia , Chen Hong-Ming
Published: February 2023

Directional asymmetry indicates a unidirectional deviation from perfect bilateral symmetry, which was rarely examined in the inner organs of the teleost (Teleostei) compared to external traits. This study examines the directional asymmetry in the gonad length of 20 species of moray eels (Muraenidae) and two outgroup species with 2959 individuals. We tested three hypotheses: (1) moray eel species did not exhibit directional asymmetry in the gonad length; (2) the directional asymmetry pattern was the same for all selected species; (3) the directional asymmetry was not related to the major habitat types, depth and size classes, and taxonomic closeness of the species. Moray eels were generally “right-gonadal”, the right gonad length being constantly and significantly longer than the left one in all studied Muraenidae species. The degree of asymmetry varied among species and was not significantly related to taxonomic closeness. The habitat types, depth, and size classes had intermingled effects on observed asymmetry without a clear correspondence. The directional asymmetry in the gonad length is a unique and widely occurring phenomenon in the Family Muraenidae, which was likely a by-product in the evolutionary history without significant disadvantage in survival.
The impact of climate change on crop mix shift in the Nordic region
Authors: Nainggolan Doan , Abay Abrha Teklay , Christensen Jesper Heile , Termansen Mette
Published: February 2023

Growing evidence of anthropogenic climate change suggests marked changes in agricultural ecosystems and crop suitability across the globe. Northern Europe is primarily predicted to see beneficial impacts through crop shifts towards the North of the region. However, studies that quantify the magnitude of climate induced past shifts and the likely future shifts in the agricultural land use patterns are lacking. We use a rich municipality level longitudinal data set from the Nordic region from 1979 to 2012 to study farmers’ adaptation to climate change in terms of crop mix shift. We model four land use classes, namely, cereal, grass, oil seed, and ‘others’, a category summing the remaining agricultural land uses. On top of climatic variables, we include biophysical and economic variables as controls in the regression. We utilize a multinomial fractional logit regression to estimate changes in the land use mix. The projection results indicate that both the near future (2041–2070) and the far future (2071–2100) projected climate are likely to increase the area share of cereal and at the same time decrease the share of grass in the Nordic region relative to the baseline climate (1981–2010). However, these results vary across the region. The results generally suggest a moderate climate induced impact on the spatial crop distributions. Our projection results show a moderate shift in agricultural crop distributions depending on the climate scenario and the time-horizon. Depending on the climate change scenario, grass and cereal are expected to shift by up to 92.8 and 178.7 km, respectively, towards opposite directions; grass towards the South–West and cereal towards the North–East. Overall, the projected areal expansion of cereal towards the North–East is expected to lead to increased environmental pressure.