bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arsenicum Album in Bronchitis Treatment: A Homeopathic Perspective
Authors: S Sheeba
Published: May 2024

Bronchitis is one of the common conditions for frequent hospital visit. Homeopathy is much to offer in this condition not only in the active phase of illness, where it acts by providing prompt relief of the symptoms, but it is also capable of checking the further predisposition to these condition in sensitive individuals. Bronchitis is a common condition affect the people. Bronchitis is inflammation of bronchial tube. The cause is smoking, air pollution, viral and bacterial infection. The symptoms are dry cough, sneezing, running nose, chest compression or pain, body pain, chills, mild fever, wheezing, vomiting, sore throat. In this study 5 cases of bronchitis with symptoms of Arsenicum album. Potency was selected according to the susceptibility and improvement was accessed by their intensity of symptoms before and after treatment. After Prescribing Arsenicum album 200 in water dose for 5 patients within 4 to 5 days of treatment patients exhibited healthy enhancement in precinct symptoms, sternness of grumbles full-fledged and rest. Thus homoeopathic medicine paves a greater role in curing bronchitis and its associated diseases.
Development Strategy of Batu Ojung Tourism Object Using SWOT Analysis
Authors: Mandalia Siska , Putri  , Fadila Nessa
Published: May 2024

This study aims to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) associated with tourism objects and then formulate a comprehensive development strategy. This study used a qualitative approach, utilizing primary and secondary data sources. Primary data was collected through field visits, interviews with local stakeholders, and observations, while secondary data was collected from relevant literature and documents. The findings revealed that Batu Ojung has unique natural and cultural strengths, including a beautiful landscape and traditional heritage. However, challenges such as limited infrastructure, lack of promotion, and environmental concerns were identified as weaknesses. Opportunities include growing interest in ecotourism and cultural experiences, while threats include competition from nearby attractions and potential negative impacts on the local environment. Based on the SWOT analysis, a development strategy is proposed, to capitalize on strengths, the strategy suggests improving infrastructure, promoting the site through various marketing channels, and encouraging community involvement. Overcoming weaknesses involves investing in basic facilities, implementing sustainable practices, and providing training to local communities for hospitality and tourism-related activities.
Effect of Defects on the HCF Behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V
Authors:   , Killen Andrew
Published: May 2024

This research examines the high-cycle fatigue characteristics of Ti-6Al-4V, a titanium alloy with an equiaxed fine grain structure, with a particular focus on the influence of Focused Ion Beam (FIB) induced notches. The investigation reveals that the specific design and geometry of these FIB notches, aligned to the grain size of Ti-6Al-4V, critically impacts its fatigue properties. The creation of these artificial defects through FIB significantly accelerates the onset of crack formation, with evidence suggesting a strong interaction with the material’s inherent microstructure. The depth and extent of these notches have a direct bearing on the fatigue lifespan, with deeper notches causing more pronounced reductions. Through the √Area parameter model, it was possible to effectively predict material failure with artificial micro level defects. However, it also revealed possible shortcomings in the traditional understanding of stress concentration factors, particularly when considering notch-induced behaviour. This study also highlights the possible limitations inherent to advanced Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) techniques. Despite the effectiveness of traditional NDT methods, they can sometimes miss certain micro level surface defects. This raises questions about the reliability of these methods, underlining the necessity for enhanced training and a deeper exploration into defect geometries that typically present detection challenges, especially in critical aerospace applications, including fan blades within a gas turbine engine, which have paramount safety implications.
Comparative immune efficacy of recombinant penton base and fibre proteins against fowl adenovirus - 2/11 infection in chickens
Authors:   Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India, Trivedi Raj Narayan , Kumar Rajesh , Metwal Mamta , Mishra Anupama , Bhatt Prakash
Published: May 2024

Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) has 12 serotypes. However, recently hybrid types have also been reported. FAdV2/11 has emerged as the most frequently isolated FAdV type from Inclusion Body Hepatitis (IBH) and Hepatitis– Hydropericardium Syndrome (HHS) cases in chickens, causing severe economic impact worldwide. In an attempt to develop a subunit vaccine against FAdV-2/11 infection, viral capsid proteins, penton base and fibre, were expressed in E. coli and their immune potential was evaluated in domestic chicken. Purified recombinant proteins were administered on day 14 to specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens followed by a challenge with the virulent virus on day 35 of life. The fibre induced the best immune response against the homologous challenge, with 80% protection. A moderate protective effect, resulting in 66% protection, was observed for penton base + fibre followed by the penton base vaccinated group manifesting 56% protection. Faecal excretion of the virus in immunized birds following the challenge was also studied. The study concludes that recombinant fibre protein may be a potential candidate for a subunit vaccine against FAdV-2/11 infection in chickens.
The role of oxidative and nitrosative stress in bovine ocular squamous cell carcinomas
Authors:   Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Türkiye, Karakurt Emin , Aydın Uğur , Beytut Enver , Dağ Serpil , Aksoy Özgür , Nuhoğlu Hilmi , Yıldız Uğur , Yıldız Ayfer
Published: May 2024

Oxidative stress is strongly linked to carcinogenesis, especially head, neck and oral SCCs in humans. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the role of oxidative and nitrosative stress in Bovine ocular squamous cell carcinomas (BOSCCs) using immunohistochemical markers such as Nitrotyrosine (NT), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy-2’ -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Tissues were collected from 24 cattle brought to the Pathology Department for routine diagnosis. Tumour samples were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, processed routinely, and embedded in paraffin wax. Tissue sections were cut into 5 μm thickness and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin to detect histopathological changes. The sections were examined under a light microscope and photographed. The avidin-biotin-peroxidase method was used as immunohistochemical staining. It was observed that the cauliflower-like tumoral masses were mostly located on the upper and lower eyelids, the third eyelid, cornea, limbus, or covering the entire eyeball. NT, MDA and 8-OHdG expressions were statistically increased in poorly-differentiated (PD) cases compared to welldifferentiated (WD) and moderately-differentiated (MD) cases. On the basis of the results of the increase in these markers, we concluded that nitrosative and oxidative stress may have an important role in the carcinogenesis of BOSCCs.
Effect of subclinical mastitis on milk taurine concentration in dairy cows
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey, Torunoglu Emine Incilay , Yarim Gul Fatma
Published: May 2024

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether taurine has any role in bovine subclinical mastitis, and the relationship between milk taurine concentration and somatic cell count. Forty milk samples from dairy cows aged 3 to 6 during lactation were used for this research. The California Mastitis Test (CMT) and somatic cell counts (SCC) were determined in the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis. The subclinical mastitis group consisted of 20 milk specimens positive for CMT and SCC>200.000/ml of milk. The control group consisted of 20 milk specimens negative for CMT and SCC<200.000/ml of milk. A bovine-specific taurine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was used to determine the taurine concentration in the milk. The milk serum taurine concentrations were determined as 232.1±89.8 pg/ml in the control group and 158.0±55.6 pg/ml in the subclinical mastitis group. These results determined that the taurine concentration in milk with subclinical mastitis decreased approximately 1.5 times compared to healthy milk (P<0.05). A significant negative correlation was determined between the taurine concentration in cow’s milk with subclinical mastitis and the number of somatic cells (r= -0.933; P<0.001). From the findings of this study, it was concluded that both somatic cell counts and the measurement of taurine in cow’s milk could be used to monitor mammary health.
On the sum of orders of non-cyclic and non-normal subgroups in a finite group
Authors: Chen Haowen , Zhang Boru , Meng Wei
Published: May 2024

Let $G$ be a finite group and $\mathcal{C}(G)$ denote the set of all non-normal non-cyclic subgroups of $G$. In this paper, the function $\delta_c(G) =\frac{1}{|G|}\sum\limits_{H\in\mathcal{C}(G)}|H|$ is introduced. In fact, we prove that, if $\delta_c(G)\leq \frac{10}{3}$, then either $G\cong A_5$, or $G$ is solvable. We also find some examples of finite groups $G$ with $\delta_c(G)\leq \frac{10}{3}$.
Pentingnya Orientasi Kewirausahaan terhadap Kinerja Organisasi Dimediasi Proses Manajemen Pengetahuan
Authors: Yeremi Kevin , Utama Louis
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh yang diberikan oleh orientasi kewirausahaan terhadap kinerja organisasi bisnis fashion secara online dengan proses manajemen pengetahuan sebagai mediasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan pemilihan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dan non-probability sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuisioner online yakni google form. Berdasarkan 85 data yang berhasil dikumpulkan, data kemudian diolah menggunakan SmartPLS 3. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa orientasi kewirausahaan memberikan pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan terhadap proses manajemen pengetahuan. Didapati pula bahwa proses manajemen pengetahuan juga memberikan pengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja organisasi. Melalui penelitian ini pula juga didapati bahwa proses manajemen pengetahuan dapat memediasi pengaruh orientasi kewirausahaan terhadap kinerja organisasi bisnis fashion secara online di Jakarta.
 

This study aims to investigate the influence exerted by entrepreneurial orientation on the organizational performance of online fashion businesses with knowledge management process as a mediator. The research employed a quantitative approach with sample selection using purposive sampling and non-probability sampling techniques. Data were collected through an online questionnaire using Google Forms. Based on 85 successfully gathered responses, the data were analyzed using SmartPLS 3rd. The results of this study indicate that entrepreneurial orientation has a positive and significant impact on the knowledge management process. It is also found that the knowledge management process has a positive and significant effect on organizational performance. Furthermore, the research reveals that the knowledge management process mediate the influence between entrepreneurial orientation and the organizational performance of online fashion businesses in Jakarta.
الأسواق في إقليم خراسان خلال عصر دويلات المشرق حتى مجيء المغول (205-617هـ/820-1220م)
Authors: Jabbar Chalabi Rundak , Siddiq Tawfiq Zarar
Published: May 2024

تتناول هذه الدراسة الأسواق في إقليم خراسان خلال عصر دويلات المشرق حتى مجيء المغول(205-617هـ/820-1220م)، وتبحث عن الأسواق وكيفية تطورها في ذلك العصر عن طريق عرض المعلومات المذكورة في المصادر، بأعتبار أنها شكلت جزءاً حيوياً مهماً في المدينة، ولها أهمية إقتصادية هامة وهي موضع التعامل وعن طريقها يحصل كل فرد على ما يحتاجه من أموره المعيشية وحاجاته الضرورية.
     يتألف البحث من التمهيد وستة مباحث، خصص التمهيد لإلقاء الضوء على تسمية وحدود خراسان وأرباعها والدول التي حكمت فيها، وركز المبحث الأول على تعريف السوق وأهميته وتخطيطه، أما الثاني قد شمل على أنواع الأسواق، وتطرق المبحث الثالث الى الخانات، وبالنسبة للمبحث الرابع فقد قسم الى محورين الأول يسلط الضوء على تطور نظام الحسبة ووظيفة المحتسب في خراسان والثاني الى دور المحتسب في السوق، أما الخامس يتحدث عن المهن والحرف المتعلقة بالسوق، وكرس المبحث السادس والأخير لتوضيح دور ومشاركة أهل السوق في الأحداث منها الدور الاقتصادي والاجتماعي والثقافي.
   واختتمت الدراسة بعرض أهم النتائج التي توصلت إليها، ومن أهمها: شهدت إقليم خراسان تطوراً حضارياً ملحوظاً من ناحية الأسواق، فأدى ذلك الى إبراز شخصية المجتمع الخراساني الحضاري من خلالها.
مضامين اللامركزية الادارية في مشروع دستور اقليم كوردستان وقانون محافظات اقليم كوردستان
Authors: Ahmed Mokhlis
Published: May 2024

يتفق اغلب شراح القانون والسياسين على ان  اللامركزية الادارية تُعد أفضل  نظام وذلك  للدور البارز الذي تؤديه في التخفيف من اعباء ادارة الدولة ، فتحتل مركزا هاما في نظام الحكم المحلي .
بالاضافة الى امتلاكها عدة مميزات منها؛ أنها إدارة قريبة من المواطنين نابعة من صميم الشعب، وهي أسلوب من أساليب التنظيم المحلي يهدف إلى توزيع الوظيفة السياسية بين السلطة المركزية والهيئات المحلية، هذا وان معظم الدول التي طبقت في بداية تكوينها المركزية بدأت تتحول الى النظام اللامركزي الذي يُعد اكثر الاليات شعبية .
وبخصوص وضع دولة العراق فإنه مبني على نظامين فيدرالي ولا مركزي، وهذا الامر يستوجب بيان مدى قدرة المشرع على وضع المبادئ العامة واللامركزية موضع التنفيذ من خلال نصوص دستورية أو قانونية عادية دون الاخلال بها او وضعها بصورة مشوهة أو مخالفة للمبادئ العامة أو الاركان التي تقوم عليها.
ولقد مزج النظام الدستوري في العراق  بين النظام الفيدرالي واللامركزي، من خلال مساواة المحافظات في الاقليم  للاختصاصات الدستورية الممنوحة للأقاليم، والتي درجت المبادئ القانونية المتعارف عليها على عدم منحها لها، فضلا عن النص في الدستور على عدم خضوعها للرقابة أو الاشراف من بعض الجهات وهو ما ينافي المبادئ العامة للامركزية، كما نص مشروع الدستور وقانون المحافظات على جواز تفويض المحافظات التي تدار لامركزياً بعض من اختصاصاتها للحكومة الاتحادية وبالعكس، وهو ما أثار استغراب الفقه الدستوري والإداري من كيفية حصول التفويض من الادنى للاعلى؟ عليه سنحاول بحث هذه المواضيع من خلال المبحثين التاليين ..
تخطيط التعاقب الوظيفي ودوره في تجويد الكفاءات المهنية للموارد البشرية في المؤسسات التربوية (دراسة ميدانية على موظفين/ات إدارة تعليم منطقة ينبع -2023م)
Authors: معوض هدى سالم
Published: May 2024

يعتبر مفهوم و نظام تخطيط التعاقب الوظيفي من أهم المفاهيم و المتطلبات الحالية لمواكبة الخطط الاستراتيجية و ما يبنى عليها في المستقبل من أهداف و رؤى ، كما انها من مستلزمات رؤية 2030 التي تبنتها المملكة العربية السعودية لخلق اقتصاداتها و مجتمعاتها الحيوية ، و مما لاشك فيه أن موضوع تخطيط التعاقب الوظيفي من المواضيع الهامة بالنسبة لجميع المؤسسات على اختلاف مجالاتها و أنشطتها . عند مراجعة الادبيات و الدراسات السابقة لاحظت الباحثة قلة الدراسات النظرية و افتقارها من خلال تناول موضوع التعاقب الوظيفي ودوره في تحسين و تجويد الكفاءات المهنية ، لذلك جاءت الدراسة على هذا النحو . هدفت هذه الدراسة الى : صياغة مقترح لتخطيط التعاقب الوظيفي و دورة في تجويد الكفاءات المهنية و تحسينها من قبل الموارد البشرية ، وذلك من خلال الإجابة على التساؤل الرئيسي(مشكلة الدراسة ) : ما هو أثر تخطيط التعاقب الوظيفي على تجويد و تحسين الكفاءات المهنية للموارد البشرية في المؤسسات التربوية . تحليل الاطار العام لمفهوم التعاقب الوظيفي و ابعاد ذلك المفهوم . علاقة تخطيط التعاقب الوظيفي في خلق قيادات الصف الثاني ودور إدارة الموارد البشرية في تنفيذ خطط التعاقب .  تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي كأداة رئيسية للبحث من خلال عينة مكونة من (520) موظف/ـة من إدارة تعليم ينبع ، كما اعتمدت على استبانة لاستطلاع الرأي و قياس النتائج مكونة من اربع محاور أساسية ، وجرى تحليل البيانات باستخدام البرامج الإحصائية المعدة لذلك للخروج بنتائج الدراسة . اسفرت الدراسة عن نتائج أهمها :  إدراك الموظفين/ـات في إدارة تعليم ينبع على أهمية تخطيط التعاقب الوظيفي و استهدافه للمستقبل و مساهمته و دوره في ديمومه العمل التربوي و المؤسسي . يرى العاملون في المؤسسة التربوية ضرورة خلق صف ثاني من القادة يتولون المناصب القيادية المستقبلية.
أثر التمكين الوظيفي على أداء الموظفات بجامعة أم القرى بمدينة مكة 2021م
Authors: الغامدي أشواق سعيد
Published: May 2024

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على واقع ومستوى التمكين الوظيفي في جامعة أم القرى ،ومستوى أداء الموظفات ، والتعرف على أهم معوقات التمكين الوظيفي ،والكشف عن مدى تأثير التمكين الوظيفي على أداء الموظفات في جامعة أم القرى ،والتحقق من وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية حول تأثير التمكين الوظيفي على أداء الموظفات تعزى إلى نوع الوظيفة (أكاديمية ،إدارية)، ولتحقيق هذه الأهداف استخدمت الباحثة المنهج الوصفي وكانت أداة جمع المعلومات الاستبانة  تم بنائها في خمسة محاور رئيسية تتصل بأهداف البحث ،وقد تم تطبيق الأداة الاستبانة على عينة قوامها (57) عينة من إداريات وموظفات جامعة أم القرى ،وبعد تحليل البيانات ومعالجتها إحصائيا أسفرت الدراسة عن العديد من النتائج ، كان من أهمها وجود مستوى عالي من التمكين الوظيفي وجود مستوى عالي من الأداء الوظيفي و وجود  مستوى متوسط من معوقات التمكين الوظيفي ووجود تأثير عالي للتمكين الوظيفي على أداء الموظفات في جامعة أم القرى ،و في ضوء نتائج الدراسة أوصت الدراسة بأن تحرص الجامعة على الاستمرار في استخدام فرق العمل في إنجاز العمل وحل المشكلات ، مما له من دور ايجابي في ترسيخ المسؤولية الجماعية وبالتالي المسؤولية عن القرارات والحلول والالتزام بتنفيذها وإعطاء الموظفين تحفيز للعمل بشكل أفضل من خلال اشراكه وبالتالي تحسين الأداء الوظيفي، و أن تعتمد جامعة  أم القرى التمكين الوظيفي أسلوباً إدارياً ، وذلك لتعميق الوعي بهذا الجانب، نظرا لأهميته في تحسين وتطوير أداء الموظفات والذي يؤدي بدورة إلى تحقيق أهداف الجامعة.
Performance Evaluation of Improved Sesbania Sesban Varieties at Highland of Guji Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors:   Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Bore Agricultural Research Center, Bore, Ethiopia, Jabessa Teshale , Bekele Ketema ,   Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Bore Agricultural Research Center, Bore, Ethiopia
Published: May 2024

The study was conducted to evaluate the performance of four Sesbania sesban varieties including local check at Songo Baricha on station of Bore Agricultural Research Center (BOARC) during the main cropping season of 2019. The treatments evaluated were Sesbania sesban (DZF-092), Mancarata, Sesbania sesban (No-136) DZF-403 and local check in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The collected data includes Dry Matter Yield (DMY/tha-1), number of pruning, number of regeneration, Leaf to stem ratio and plant height. The analysis data showed that there were significant (p<0.05) difference among tested variety in dry matter yield, leaf to stem ratio,number of pruning and regeneration. The higher dry matter yield were recorded from Mancarat variety (6.87tha-1) followed by (DZF-092) (5.66tha-1).Leaf to stem ratio traits were also showed statistical significant (p<0.05) difference. Sesbania sesban (N0-136) performs higher (83%) followed by DZF-092 (72%). Seed yield was not shown statically significant (p>0.05) differences among tested varieties however, numerically, the maximum seed yield was obtained from Mancarata (3.75qha-1) followed by local check (3.07qha-1). Therefore, the Mancarata variety could be recommended for the study areas and similar agro-ecology however, further research should be done to put the recommendation on a strong basis.
Daflon 500mg is used for the treatment of all grades of hemorrhoids
Authors:   Department of Surgery, Faculty of General medicine, Koya University, Koya, Erbil, Iraq, Taher Barzinjy Saman
Published: May 2024

Background: Hemorrhoidal diseases are very common diseases found in surgical outpatient clinics, affecting populations all over the world. Treatments for the different grades of hemorrhoids include lifestyle changes, conservative medical therapy, and operative interventions. Objective: To assess the conservative treatment response of all grades of hemorrhoidal disease (grades 1-4) to a venotonic agent (Daflon 500mg). Patients and Methods: This is a prospective observational study of 196 patients with hemorrhoids, conducted during the period from January 2015 to January 2020, All treated with the standard dose of a venotonic agent (Daflon 500mg). An observation of the reduction and disappearance of the signs and symptoms of the different grades of the disease was done at 1, 3, and 6 months. Results: The mean age of the patients was 46.6 (range 14–85) years. The majority (41.84%) were diagnosed with grade III hemorrhoidal disease and 30.1% with grade II disease; Grade I and Grade IV constitute 9.69% and 18.37%, respectively. excellent improvement observed in about 72.45%, temporary response seen in 15.82% of cases. Conclusion: Daflon 500 mg is an effective first-line conservative treatment for all four grades of hemorrhoidal diseases, including grade 4, which has a 44.74% permanent response rate. This medical treatment, in turn, reduces the chance of surgical intervention and its complications. Keywords: hemorrhoidal disease, pile, medical treatment of pile, hemorrhoidectomy, flavonoid, Daflon 500mg.
Prevalence of Tuberculosis in Children
Authors:   AlBatool Pediatric Teaching Hospital , Diyala, Iraq, Abdulsattar M.Al-Mashhadani Mohammed , M. E. Al-Majamie Imad , Abdulsattar M.Al Mashhadani Abdulqader , Alezzi Jalil , Mohamed Aydaroos  Aljefri Hasan
Published: May 2024

Background: Pulmonary TB is a relatively common disease in developing countries including Iraq . A relatively small proportion (5–10%) of the approximately 2 billion people infected with M. tuberculosis worldwide will develop TB. Objective: To show the prevalence of T.B. among children in Abu-Ghraib city Patients and Methods: A descriptive retrospective center-based study in the Abu-Ghraib health sector (chest and respiratory disease unit) was conducted to show the distribution of TB in children ≤ 18 years from the 1st January 2001 till the 31st December 2020. Results: A total sample of 248 patients which represents 15.1% of all patients with TB in Abu-Ghraib (1642) from1st January 2001 till 31st December 2020. Female (152; 61.2%) and male (96; 38.8%). Most common age group affected was 13-18 years which represents 71.7% of patient. The prevalence of TB in Abu-Ghraib during the study period for children was (3.4/100,000). Conclusion: The prevalence of all forms of TB in Abu-Ghraib during the study period was (3.4/100000). Females were affected more than males with a mean of 6.7+/-1.5 Extra-pulmonary TB was found to be more common than pulmonary TB. Keywords: TB, Children, Epidemiology, Iraq
Ramadan Fasting in Relation to Salivary Uric Acid and Selective Physical Parameters
Authors:   Department of Pedodontic and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq, Abdul Kareem Hussein Ryam , Hussein Awn Baydaa
Published: May 2024

Background: Ramadan is the holy month in which all Muslims abstain from eating and drinking from sunrise to sunset. The impact of Ramadan fasting on the oral cavity and saliva needs more attention because of the important function of saliva in the protection of the mouth. Objective: To determine the impact of Ramadan fasting on salivary uric acid, flow rate, and pH among Iraqi male dental students. Patients and Methods: The subject population consisted of thirty healthy male dental students (College of Dentistry/University of Baghdad) with an age range of 20–23 years who intended to fast the whole of Ramadan (1443 Hijri calendar). Saliva samples were obtained from all dental students one week prior to the start of Ramadan, the last week of Ramadan, and one month after the end of Ramadan. The salivary flow rate was calculated, and the salivary pH was measured using a digital pH meter. Then a saliva sample was analyzed to detect the concentration of uric acid by using the spectrophotometer. Results: The data analysis for this study revealed that the salivary flow rate decreased from baseline to Ramadan and then increased again after one month of Ramadan with significant differences (p<0.05). While salivary uric acid increased continuously with significant differences from baseline to Ramadan and after one month of Ramadan fasting (p<0.05), on the other hand, salivary pH showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) among the three time periods of the study. Conclusion: Saliva was affected by Ramadan fasting through a decrease in salivary flow rate during fasting and a return to normal salivary flow rate after the end of Ramadan. In addition, uric acid, which acts as a salivary antioxidant, shows an increase during Ramadan fasting. Keywords: Ramadan fasting, salivary flow rate, salivary pH, uric acid
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Randomized Comparative Study of Magnetic Field Therapy and Ultrasound Therapy
Authors:   College of Health and Medical Technology, Middle Technical University, Iraq, Farooq Khaleel Raed , Basim Al Khafajy Mohammed
Published: May 2024

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome is a frequently observed condition affecting the wrists and fingers, characterized by numbness, tingling, and sometimes pain. Objective: To evaluate and compare the efficiency of magnetic field therapy and ultrasound therapy in rehabilitating women with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Patients and Methods: Forty women with mild to moderate CTS were included in the study, and an electromyography (EMG) and examination confirmed the diagnosis. The participants were assigned into two groups. Group A received magnetic field therapy, and Group B received ultrasound therapy. Patients for each group received a six-session clinical evaluation. The outcomes included the Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire (BCTSQ), handgrip strength, wrist joint movements (flexion and extension), as well as the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results: The paired t-test analyses demonstrate a significant improvement in the Boston questionnaire and VAS in both intervention groups at a P-value ≤0.05. The independent sample t-test analysis for post-intervention for both groups showed superiority for magnetic field therapy; no significant differences were observed in the improvement of wrist movement (Flexion = 0.66, Extension = 0.71); the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) has been improved in both treatment groups with dominance for ultrasound therapy. Conclusion: Both magnetic field and ultrasound therapy effectively treat women with carpal tunnel syndrome. Magnetic field therapy was statistically superior to ultrasound. Keywords: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Magnetic Field Therapy, Ultrasound Therapy.
NON-TECHNICAL SKILLS IN THE CIVIL AVIATION SECTOR
Authors: Rouco José Carlos Dias , Sousa Daniel Fernandes Ribeiro de
Published: May 2024

Purpose: This study aims to identify and present a framework of non-technical skills for the civil aviation sector.
 
Theoretical Framework: This study critically evaluates and identifies the non-technical competences in the aviation sector that promote superior performance among employees.
 
Design/Methodology/Approach: We conducted a literature review of scientific journals and official documents from the aeronautics sector to achieve the aim of this study. In the first phase, a critical analysis was conducted of the concepts of soft and non-technical skills. In the second phase, we analyzed various general soft skills models and non-technical skills models in the aeronautics sector.
 
Findings: At the end of the study, an integrative framework of 15 non-technical skills for the civil aviation sector is proposed: assertiveness, leadership, verbal communication, critical thinking, trust, interpersonal relationships, situational awareness, ability to solve problems, flexibility and adaptability, responsibility, time management, decision-making skills, workload management, teamwork, and stress management and resilience.
 
Research, Practical & Social Implication: The Study provides a practical framework for the assessment and development of people, contributing to advances in aviation safety and performance.
 
Originality/Value: This study, which provides a comprehensive understanding of non-technical skills in the civil aviation sector, fills a significant gap in the literature when skills manage human resources. It also offers a practical framework for their assessment and development, thereby contributing to advances in safety, security, and aviation performance.
EFFECT OF GREEN ACCOUNTING, LEVERAGE, FIRM SIZE ON FIRM VALUE WITH PROFITABILITY AS INTERVENING VARIABLE
Authors: Hutabarat Francis
Published: May 2024

Purpose: This study investigates how green accounting practices, leverage (debt levels), and company size influence profitability and ultimately firm value. The research focuses on companies listed in the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII). Previous research on these relationships has yielded mixed and inconsistent results. They point out that few studies have examined these variables together in a single model. This study aims to address this gap by creating a new model that explores the combined effects of green accounting, leverage, and size on profitability, and ultimately, firm value within the JII context.
 
Theoretical Framework: This research is grounded in two key theories: stakeholder theory and signaling theory. While past empirical studies haven't yielded definitive results, this research offers a fresh perspective. The novel model developed in this study builds upon existing knowledge by examining how several previously linked variables interact and influence firm performance.
 
Design/Methodology/Approach: This research employed a descriptive approach, analyzing financial data from company annual reports. To understand the relationships between the variables, a statistical technique called Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used. The study focused on companies listed on the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) of the Indonesian Stock Exchange between 2019 and 2022. A 120-sample size from 30 companies was chosen strategically using a purposive sampling method from the JII.
 
Result and Discussion: This study found that leverage (debt) and company size have a positive and statistically significant impact on profitability. Interestingly, green accounting practices did not have a clear influence on firm value. There was a negative effect, but it wasn't statistically significant. Firm size itself also did not directly affect firm value in a statistically significant way. However, profitability itself has a strong and positive impact on firm value. Additionally, profitability can act as an indirect factor, mediating the relationship between leverage and firm value. Based on these results, the study recommends that companies listed on the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) consider strategic use of debt financing. This can be a way to improve profitability and ultimately attract investors, leading to a higher firm value.
 
Originality/Value: This research introduces a novel model that investigates the interconnected effects of several variables with proven relationships.
HOW IMPORTANT IS CSR COMMITMENT IN SHAPING CORPORATE REPUTATION?
Authors: Riahi Rabeb , Chibani Faten , Omri Abdelwahed
Published: May 2024

Objective: The study investigates the relationship between CSR and corporate reputation, given the trend of companies integrating CSR to meet stakeholders’ expectations and enhance reputation.
 
Theoretical Framework: The study employs stakeholder theory to emphasize positive stakeholder relationships' impact on corporate reputation, the institutional approach advocating strategic societal engagement, signal theory highlighting CSR's role in signaling commitment to stakeholders, and legitimacy theory emphasizing active CSR participation to maintain societal legitimacy.
 
Method: We use a panel data model on a sample of the world's most admired companies between 2015 and 2019. The proxy considered for corporate reputation includes eight firms’ attributes.
 
Results and Discussion: Findings provide the positive relationship between CSR and corporate reputation firstly the stakeholders’ theory which suggests that companies engage in CSR in order to improve their image and meet stakeholders’ expectations suggesting that ethical CSR practices can create a belief that the organization upholds ethical standards and cares about the well-being of society, which, therefore, positively influences corporate reputation.
 
Research Implications: The study has direct implications for academia and business, emphasizing CSR’s importance in enhancing corporate reputation, urging transparent implementation of CSR initiatives, and highlighting competitive advantages associated with responsible business practices.
 
Originality/Value: The study provides novel insights into the relationship between CSR commitment and corporate reputation by employing a comprehensive corporate reputation proxy and a panel data model analysis of globally renowned companies across various industries. It offers new insights into CEO motivations for CSR adoption.
Management and outcome of severe pre-eclampsia
Authors: Shaheen Shazia , Tahir Sumara
Published: May 2024

Objectives: To know how frequent this problem is encountered in our hospitals and to evaluate fetomaternal outcome by adopting a specific management protocol. Design: This was a prospective observational study. Setting: The study was carried out in Labour Ward of Gyneacology and Obstetrics Units-II, Punjab Medical College, D.H.Q. Hospital Faisalabad from 1st January 2000 to 31st December 2000. Material & Method: Forty one pregnant women diagnosed as having severe pre-eclampsia were managed according to severity of disease and duration of pregnancy. After 34 weeks stabilization and delivery, in patients presenting before 26 weeks termination of pregnancy   and   for   those   between 26 to 34  weeks expectant management  was done,  using antihypertensives to control blood pressure, corticosteroids for fetal lung maturity and serial fetomaternal evaluation. Results: Frequency of occurrence of pre-eclampsia was found to be 1.55%. Most patients were between 20-25 (44%) years of age and primigravidas were most afflicted (48.8%). Eclampsia (2%) abruption (32%) acute renal failure (32%) HELLP Syndrome (8%) were the associated maternal complications. Maternal mortality was 4.*% and perinatal morality was 30%. Conclusions: Severe pre-eclampsia continues to present as one of leading causes of maternal morbidity perinatal and mortality. Improvement of antenatal care, early recognition and prompt intervention can reduce the bad outcome.
Tecnoestrés, tecnoadicción, tecnodependencia y sus consecuencias para la salud en tiempos modernos
Authors: Villavicencio-Ayub Erika , García-Meraz Melissa , Quiroz-González Eliana
Published: May 2024

México y Colombia comparten características en cuanto al amplio acceso y uso de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC), por lo que es importante determinar la existencia de factores asociados a estas tecnologías que afecten la calidad de vida de su población. El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer la presencia de efectos negativos y positivos evaluando consecuencias físicas y emocionales por el uso o desuso de las TIC y determinar la presencia de tecnoestrés, tecnoadicción y tecnodependencia. La muestra incluyó a 932 hombres y 1 094 mujeres, que trabajaban en organizaciones laborales de ambos países. La edad promedio fue de 28 años y la mayoría con nivel educativo superior al bachillerato (88.4 %). Las tres escalas utilizadas obtuvieron adecuados índices de ajuste y altos coeficientes alfa ordinales, indicando fuerte consistencia interna. Mediante un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales se estableció que el tecnoestrés se vio influido por la tecnoadicción y la tecnodependencia. El “uso compulsivo de las TIC” predijo positivamente el tecnoestrés en sus dimensiones de “rechazo de TIC” y “displacer del uso de TIC”. La tecnodependencia predijo de manera positiva y negativa aspectos del tecnoestrés. Un segundo modelo predictivo determinó que, las dimensiones “displacer” (tecnoestrés) y “uso excesivo de TIC” (tecnoadicción) predijeron positivamente el dolor físico y el malestar emocional, por lo que estos hallazgos sugieren que el uso excesivo y dependiente de la tecnología puede generar tecnoestrés, afectando negativamente la salud física y emocional. Los resultados muestran la necesidad de realizar y difundir programas sociales que permitan desarrollar capacidades individuales hacia un uso óptimo de las herramientas digitales, además de implementar estrategias que permitan a la población disfrutar de los beneficios del uso de las TIC, sin verse afectados en la salud por el impacto que conlleva el uso desadaptativo de las mismas.
Crítica a la modernidad capitalista a través del filosofar de Bolívar Echeverría
Authors: Solano Vázquez Eduardo
Published: May 2024

El artículo se adhiere al pensar crítico respecto a la modernidad existente, por lo tanto, fue necesario acudir a la perspectiva de Bolívar Echeverría, ella hace énfasis en la urgencia y necesidad de transformar el orden existente, y así, salvaguardar el mundo de la vida. Por otro lado, se optó por construir un discurso sintético, con el riesgo de incurrir en bagatelas, sin embargo, el artículo decir el discurso que avala y celebra el orden existente, y así, poder darles cabida a las alternativas. Ahora bien, el pensamiento crítico y alternativo busca la transformación del orden, de ahí que es preciso no confundirlo con el performance, éste se da por satisfecho únicamente con desconcertar por un momento el orden social vigente, para después continuar inmerso en la rutina. En este sentido, el performance vale como medio, pero no en tanto fin.
An in-Depth Examination Modalities of Hemodynamic Characteristics in Mechanical Aortic Valve: A Comprehensive Review Article
Authors: Tariq Qabas , Jaber Samar Ali , Ammar Ahmed
Published: May 2024

The assessment of prosthetic aortic valves through echocardiography, a pivotal noninvasive tool, encounters challenges, with discordant findings compared to invasive measurements, particularly in transvalvular gradients. To address these complexities, this comprehensive review article explores diverse methodologies and modalities for assessing prosthetic aortic valve performance. As these life-saving devices advance in complexity, the demand for precise and innovative assessment techniques intensifies. This journey through established and emerging modalities aims to inform clinical practice, foster experimental innovation, and enhance patient care in the realm of aortic valve prosthetic assessment. Ultimately, a profound understanding of the hemodynamic milieu engendered by aortic prosthetic valves serves as the cornerstone for optimizing valve design and clinical utility. The primary objective of this comprehensive review is to elucidate, with utmost precision, the multifaceted methodologies employed in the investigation and evaluation of mechanical prosthetic aortic valve.
Annual dynamics of entomocomplexes of stinging hymenoptera (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) – consorts of invasive goldenrods (Solidago) in the conditions of Minsk
Authors: Koroteeva D. O.
Published: May 2024

In the city of Minsk 93 species of hymenopteran insects belonging to 11 families and 3 superfamilies were identified in the conditions of 9 habitats of invasive goldenrods (Solidago) in 2018–2021. The families Apidae, Halictidae (Apoidea: Apiformes), and Crabronidae (Apoidea: Spheciformes) were most abundant in the studied complex of insects. One dominant species (Apis mellifera), 2 numerous (Bombus terrestris, Philanthus triangulum) and 6 common species (Bombus ruderarius, Bombus terrestris, Philanthus triangulum, Polistes dominula, Cerceris arenaria, Cerceris rybyensis) were identified for the considered habitats. The annual dynamics of the goldenrod flower-visitor complexes was estimated based on the material collected at the same place for 4 years using the similarity coefficients of Jacqard and Sorensen. The formation of a cluster that indicates the similarity of goldenrod flower-visitor communities in this habitat in 2018 and 2019 (KJ = 0.368; KS = 0.538), as well as a cluster that unites goldenrod flower-visitor communities in 2020 and 2021 (KJ = 0.333; KS = 0.5) is traced. The values of the biodiversity indices for all samples are quite high: there is a tendency of increasing the level of diversity from year to year.
Рrospects for expanding the export of agricultural food products of the Republic of Belarus to the markets of Asian countries
Authors: Kireyenka N. V.
Published: May 2024

In the context of economic challenges and sanctions restrictions, multi-vector foreign trade and development of new segments of the world market remain a priority task of the state foreign economic policy of the Republic of Belarus. Asian countries, characterized by a large population, growing demand for these products against the background of an insufficient level of self-sufficiency, diverse taste preferences of consumers, as well as an increase in their purchasing power, are considered as one of the directions for the geographic expansion of exports of agri-food products. Under conditions of the unstable general economic and agrarian situation on the continent, Vietnam, Iran, China, and Singapore are our country’s key trading partners among Asian countries. This requires a comprehensive study to determine the further interaction of these countries with the Republic of Belarus. Scientific results are presented, including the justification of customs-and-tariff and non-tariff conditions for access to the markets of Vietnam, Iran, China, and Singapore, as well as a developed set of effective ways for promoting Belarusian agri-food products on the territory of these states. In addition, a forecast of export supplies of domestic products was carried out, taking into account the specifics of trade policy and trade and economic cooperation between the Republic of Belarus as a member state of the Eurasian Economic Union and the Asian countries under study. Practical implementation of the results obtained will allow Belarusian exporters to create competitive advantages based on the application of preferential terms of trade, increasing the efficiency of financial and non-financial instruments, expanding organizations’ access to support mechanisms, development of agricultural commodity distribution network, introduction of information, communication and digital tools for sales and marketing policies.
Specific and nonspecific characteristics of the leaf extract of Blumea balsamifera originated from East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Putra I Made Wisnu Adhi , Sandhika I Made Gde Sudyadnyana
Published: May 2024

Blumea balsamifera extract has been shown to have biological activities such as anti-fungal, anti-tumor, radical scavenger, anti-obesity, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, antiplasmodial, and wound healing. The quality and efficacy of B. balsamifera extract are determined by its specific and nonspecific characteristics. This study explored the characteristics of B. balsamifera extract through a series of standardization processes. The dried leaves of B. balsamifera were powdered and macerated with 70% ethanol. After the solvent evaporation, a thick extract was obtained and stored in a refrigerator. The specific characteristics tested were organoleptic evaluation, total phenolic content (Folin-Ciocalteu method), total flavonoid content (aluminium chloride colorimetric method), and phytochemical screening using thin layer chromatography. The nonspecific characteristics tested were extraction yield, moisture content, total ash content, and acid-insoluble ash. The results of the study showed that the extraction process resulted in a yield of 13.4%. The extract had a thick and sticky appearance, a dark brown colour, a characteristic aroma, and a bitter taste. The moisture content, total ash content, acid-insoluble ash content, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content of the extract were found to be 8.33±0.57 %ml/g, 11.63±0.86 %g/g, 2.26±0.12 %g/g, 43.86±0.89 mg GAE/g extract and 25.48±0.42 mg QE/g extract, respectively. Analysis using thin layer chromatography demonstrated that the extract included phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, and steroids.
Oleic Acid sebagai Terapi Komplementer Kanker
Authors: Rizki Dira Kurnia , Nabila Annisa Yumna , Salsabila Dinda , Anggy Febby , Damayanti Fiana , Nurhidayati Nurhidayati
Published: May 2024

Cancer is a global health problem that is responsible for one in six deaths worldwide. Over the last few decades, there were only a few cancer treatment options for patients, namely surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy as a single treatment or in combination. This method is considered to have many shortcomings, so alternative therapy is needed. Several natural compounds are reported to have anti-cancer properties, one of which is Oleic Acid (OA). Some of the benefits of oleic acid are inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells, and as an antitumor. Various types ofcancerthatsignificantlyaffectthe contentof oleic acid,namely, human lung carcinoma,Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma(TSCC), esophageal cancer,breast cancer,and lung adenocarcinoma. In general, the results of studies regarding the anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer functions of omega-9 apart from oleic acid are quite scarce. Thus, further studies are needed to better understand the mechanism of omega-9, especially oleic acid, which can reduce cancer risk.
Cdk5 Sebagai Target Potensial Penemuan Obat Anti Nyeri Kronik
Authors: Qorib Mohammad Fathul , Purba Abdul Khairul Rizki , dâ€™Arqom Annete
Published: May 2024

Chronic pain is a very disturbing condition and to date, no effective and safe medicine has been found. This could be caused by existing drugs not targeting the key factor in pain transmission. Cdk5 is a protein kinase that has been shown to have a key role in the transmission of chronic pain. These important roles include: activation of TRPV1, NMDA, P/Q type voltage-dependent calcium channels, and ATP-gate P2X receptors. Cdk5 could be used as a potential target in the development of new anti-chronic pain drugs. Several aspects of concern in developing this drugs are the role of Cdk5 in physiological and pathological conditions because itâ€™s will be related to the risk of side effects. Another factor that really needs to be considered is the location of Cdk5 expression because it will related to the drug design. Several drugs that have been developed as Cdk5 inhibitors are roscovitin, olomoucine, and indirubin.
Analisis Faktor Risiko Kejadian Tumor Tiroid pada Klaster Keluarga di Daerah Pesisir Provinsi Nusa Tengga Barat
Authors: Nabil Athalita Andhera , Rivarti Arina Windri , Saputri Legis Ocktaviana , Nurhidayati Nurhidayati
Published: May 2024

Neoplasia is an uncontrolled growth of new tissue in the body, caused by uncontrolled gene mutations. One of the dominating endocrine neoplasia is thyroid neoplasia. Risk factors for thyroid tumors include age, place of residence, socioeconomics, and iodine intake. This study sampled families at risk of thyroid tumors at 6.1% who lived in the coastal province of West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) with an incidence rate of 0.85 per 100 population. This is an analytycal study with a cross-sectional design. Sample in this studied was using rule of thumb with a total sample of 50 people who fit the inclusion criteria. This research used the google form which contains a series of questionnaires and short interviews. Hypothesis testing using fisher test with probability value (p) <0.05 and logistic regression. Both iodine intake and age have association with the incidence of thyroid tumors, whereas Water Iodine Concentration (WIC) and socioeconomics have no association with p values respectively â€‹â€‹0.038, 0.009, 0.126, and 0.129. The most influential risk factor was iodine intake with an OR/exp. B of 243,132,352.0. The probability value of each family member with a risk factors is 59% and without any  risk factors is 0%. The risk factors that influence the incidence of thyroid tumors in the family cluster in this study are iodine intake and age.