bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the impact of curcumin on osteoarthritis symptomatology: correlations and insights from a Bulgarian cohort
Authors: Kraev Krasimir , Uchikov Petar , Hristov Bozhidar , Kraeva Maria , Basheva-Kraeva Yordanka , Doykov Mladen , Popova-Belova Stanislava , Geneva-Popova Mariela
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Osteoarthritis is a prevalent degenerative joint disorder associated with pain and functional impairment. Curcumin, a natural anti-inflammatory compound, has garnered attention for its potential therapeutic benefits in osteoarthritis management.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the correlations between curcumin use, patient characteristics, medication use, and changes in health outcomes among osteoarthritis patients. The primary hypothesis was that curcumin use would correlate with positive changes in health metrics.

Materials and methods: A cohort of 60 osteoarthritis patients was enrolled in this observational study and divided into 4 groups according to the type of osteoarthritis. Patient selection criteria included a diagnosis of osteoarthritis and consent for curcumin supplementation. The primary outcome variable was changes in health metrics measured across three visits. Body mass index, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and paracetamol use were also recorded. Correlation analysis and paired t-tests were employed to examine the relationships between variables and changes in health metrics.

Results: Correlation analyses revealed a weak negative correlation between BMI and changes between ‘Visit 1’ and ‘Visit 2’ (r=−0.09). NSAIDs use exhibited a weak positive correlation with changes during this period (r=0.17), while paracetamol use displayed weak correlations (r=−0.05) with changes. Statistically significant changes were observed between ‘Visit 1’ and ‘Visit 2’ (mean change =−5.93, p<0.05), aligning with prior studies indicating curcumin’s potential in osteoarthritis symptom relief.

Conclusions: This study provides valuable insights into the intricate relationships that exist between the use of curcumin, patient characteristics, medication use, and changes in health metrics in patients with osteoarthritis. Despite many limitations, including sample size and research duration, our correlation analysis indicates that curcumin may have a positive impact on the symptomatology of osteoarthritis. The findings highlight the need for more studies, larger trials, and mechanistic analyses to completely understand the potential therapeutic role of curcumin in osteoarthritis management.
Taxonomic diversity of amphibians (Amphibia, Anura) and reptiles (Reptilia, Testudines, Squamata) in a heterogeneous landscape in west-central Mexico: a checklist and notes on geographical distributions
Authors: Rosas-Espinoza Verónica Carolina , Álvarez-Grzybowska Eliza , Godoy González Arquímedes Alfredo , Santiago-Pérez Ana Luisa , Peña-Joya Karen Elizabeth , Rodríguez-Zaragoza Fabián Alejandro , Díaz Pérez Leopoldo , Huerta Martínez Francisco Martín
Published: September 2024

In Mexico, land use changes have significantly impacted the diversity of amphibians and reptiles in a negative way. In light of this, we evaluate the alpha and beta components of the taxonomic diversity of amphibians and reptiles in a heterogeneous landscape in west-central Mexico. Additionally, we provide a checklist of amphibian and reptile species recorded over nine years of observations within the studied landscape and surrounding areas. The land cover/use types with the highest species richness and alpha taxonomic diversity differed between amphibians and reptiles. Overall beta taxonomic diversity was high for both groups, but slightly higher in reptiles. This taxonomic differentiation mainly corresponded to a difference in the turnover component and was greater in pristine habitats compared to disturbed ones. The checklist records 20 species of amphibians (ten of which are endemic) and 48 of reptiles (30 endemics). Additionally, the study expands the known geographical distribution range of one species of frog and three species of snakes. Our findings suggest that heterogeneous landscapes with diverse land cover/use types can provide essential habitats for the conservation of amphibian and reptile species.
Frequency analysis of a discrete-time fast nonlinear tracking differentiator algorithm based on isochronic region method
Authors: Zhang Zhizhou , Pan Yueliang , Zhao Weilong , Zhang Jinchu , Zi Zheng , Xie Yuan , Zhang Hehong
Published: September 2024

In fault detection, feedback control, and other fields, real-time differential estimation of a given signal in a complex noise environment is an important but challenging task. In this paper, a discrete-time fast nonlinear tracking differentiator (FNTD) based on hyperbolic tangent functions was proposed. To start, the differential signal acquisition problem was equated to the time-optimal control (TOC) law for constructing a double-integral system using a state feedback approach. Next, the FNTD algorithm based on the hyperbolic tangent function was presented by utilizing the isochronic region (IR) method in the discrete time domain. Then, the frequency-domain characteristics of the FNTD were analyzed and the rule for tuning the parameters was provided by the frequency scan test method. Finally, the simulation results demonstrated that the proposed FNTD had fast and accurate tracking performance, as well as excellent filtering and differential extraction capability compared with other differentiators.
Saddlepoint approximation of the p-values for the multivariate one-sample sign and signed-rank tests
Authors: El-Raheem Abd El-Raheem M. Abd , Shanan Ibrahim A. A. , Hosny Mona
Published: September 2024

A multivariate data analysis (MVDA) is a powerful statistical approach to simultaneously analyze datasets with multiple variables. Unlike univariate or bivariate analyses, which simultaneously focus on one or two variables, respectively, MVDA considers the interactions and relationships among multiple variables within a dataset. Several nonparametric tests can be used in the context of one-sample multivariate location problems. The exact distributions of such tests cannot be analytically computed and are usually approximated using an asymptotic approximation. This article proposes the saddlepoint approximation method to approximate the tail probability for multivariate sign and signed-rank tests. It is suggested as a more accurate alternative to the traditional asymptotic approximation method and an alternative to the simulation method. It requires a lot of time as it depends on all possible permutations. Real data examples were provided to illustrate the calculation of p-values, and a simulation study was conducted to compare the accuracy of the saddlepoint approximation method with the simulation method (permutation-based, so time-consuming) and an asymptotic normal approximation method. The study results show that the saddlepoint approximation provides highly accurate approximations to the p-values of the considered statistics, and it often outperforms the normal approximation. Additionally, the results show that the proposed method's computation time is much less than that of the time-consuming simulation method.
Particle Characteristics of Diatomite Activated by Alkaline Solution
Authors: Yann Theara , Winotapun Charinee , Yos Phanny , Voon Lee Hwei , Boondamnoen Orathai
Published: September 2024

In this study, the activation of natural diatomite was done with alkaline solution. The diatomite powder was sieved and purified prior to activation at room temperature (Alk-DA RT) and 85 °C (Alk-DA 85 °C). The effect of activation time of Alk-DA 85 °C samples was observed for 1 h, 2 h and 5 h. At temperature interval from room temperature to 530 °C, the weight loss for all of Alk-DA are less than R-DA. The reduction of particle aggregation was found in Alk-DA at both RT and 85 °C as shown in SEM images, indicating the activation by NaOH that effectively breaks down the bulky structure. The formation of silanol group (Si-OH) were obtained on the surface of Alk-DA. However, BET result revealed there is no increment of surface area and porosity in case of RT. In addition, Alk-DA 85 °C samples at 1 h and 2 h provided the spongy surfaces with obvious improvement of surface area, and reduction in porosity and pore size. In contrast, Alk-DA 85 °C 5 h showed more cluster of particle aggregation. Moreover, it can be observed that Alk-DA 85 °C 1 h is the most interesting for further study since it potentially provides high gas adsorption but only requires a shorter activation time.
Modification of the Chitosan Spray Coating on Pineapple Pulp as Adsorbent for Copper Ion Adsorption from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Charnkeitkong Panida , Jonglertjunya Woranart , Feng Xian She
Published: September 2024

One of the major toxicants for living things is copper which consists of ions form in most of the manufacturing wastewater treatment. The drain water before releasing it into the water source is desired to eliminate copper ions (Cu2+) by using adsorption. The bio-wastes as adsorbents applied in this work, such as a dried pineapple pulp (DPP), chitosan flake (CTS), and chitosan spray coating on dried pineapple pulp (CPP) have a surface area of about 45.34, 60.02, and 70.01 m2/g, respectively. The effective Cu2+ eliminated efficiency and adsorption capacity from the copper (II) sulfate in aqueous solution was high with the high surface area. At optimum operating conditions, i.e., initial feed concentration 250 mg/L, pH 6.0, temperature 30 °C, and adsorption time 1 h, the Cu2+ eliminated efficiency in the percentage of DPP, CTS, and, CCP was 63.89, 80.83 and 86.92%, respectively, and adsorption capacity was 31.95, 40.22 and 43.46 mg/g, respectively.
Polyhydroxybutyrate/Polylactic Acid/Polybutylene Succinate Blend Filaments for 3D Printing Applications
Authors: Passarapark Kunanon , Aumnate Chuanchom , Boondamnoen Orathai , Potiyaraj Pranut
Published: September 2024

Biopolymers have gained increased attention as viable alternatives to petroleum-based polymers, driven by growing awareness of sustainability and environmental impact. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), a biopolymer derived from microorganisms, holds promise for biomedical applications due to its unique properties. However, its practical use has been hindered by certain limitations. In this study, we addressed these challenges by preparing blends of PHB with polylactic acid (PLA) and polybutylene succinate (PBS) using a twin-screw extruder. The thermal analysis revealed a reduction in the degree of crystallinity for PHB after blending, while its thermal transitions remained unaffected. The resulting immiscible blends exhibited partial compatibility, with dispersed phases of PLA and PBS uniformly distributed within the PHB matrix. Subsequently, we conducted a comprehensive examination of the mechanical properties of 3D-printed specimens. Our findings indicated a notable enhancement in the flexural modulus and flexural strength of the blends upon the addition of PLA and PBS.
A Novel Contactless SiC Wafer Planarization Processing after Mechanical Slicing by Dynamic Thermal Annealing Processes
Authors: Toda Kohei , Kakutani Daichi , Dojima Daichi , Nakajima Yuta , Mihara Hiroshi , Kaneko Tadaaki
Published: September 2024

In conventional machining of SiC wafers, material loss and sub-surface damage (SSD) of both the front and back surfaces are major issues. In this study, we focused on Dynamic AGE-ing® (DA), which is a sublimation-controlled process, and applied it to the total wafering process without any mechanical contact of both the front and back surfaces to explore the possibilities to reach the CMP-equivalent quality. DA process enables material lossless planarization of SiC wafers by applying a temperature gradient to achieve simultaneous etching and growth at the same rate on one and the other surfaces, respectively. To drive the planarization function for a multi-wire saw finished as-sliced wafer, as an example, a high-temperature regime above 2000 °C under an Ar background pressure higher than 1 kPa to suppress etching and growth rates was employed as the first step in the DA treatment. In this step, an effective annealing function arises where sublimation and recrystallization occur simultaneously through a sub-surface region on both sides of the wafer. Due to the active interchange of the surface and subsurface layer, a self-organizing planarization effect occurs on a macroscopic scale on both surfaces with the removal of SSD. The conventional DA processes were employed for the following microscopic flatness control. As a result, the roughness of the 6-inch as-sliced wafer was reduced to 0.7 nm on the Si-face and 2.0 nm on the C-face while maintaining the wafer thickness. This is the first promising result exhibiting the potential of thermal contactless treatment for next-generation wafer manufacturing by improving quality and cost.
CFD Simulation of a Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler to Improve Air Distribution for Satisfactory Fluidization
Authors: Gonzales Bryan , Tayactac Reylina Garcia , Umali Ricky D. , Honra Jaime , Calderon Aldrin D.
Published: September 2024

This study focuses on the design of circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers, emphasizing optimizing the distribution of primary and secondary air to achieve better fluidization behavior, leading to better combustion performance. ANSYS Fluent is used to conduct Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation using the Eulerian multiphase model and the standard k-epsilon turbulence model to model and analyze the fluidization in CFB. Performance evaluation metrics assess fluidization quality based on coal volume fraction, air and coal velocity, and pressure. The total air mass flow rate was set to be constant. In contrast, the primary and secondary air distribution variations were used: 40-60%, 50-50%, 60-40%, and 70-30% for primary (PA) and secondary air (SA), respectively. The criterion for choosing the optimal air distribution is based on the percentage of the bed height to the height of the furnace, the wind-box pressure which is to be maintained within the expected range to prevent overheating, as well as the amount of coal solids entering the cyclone, which can cause erosion. The simulation results show that the optimum air distribution values are 50-50 and 60-40. Other values cause problems, such as the formation of a fixed bed and vast amounts of coal entering the cyclone with high velocities.
Textile Wastewater Treatment Using Activated Graphene-Like Biochar Derived from Onion Peel Biomass
Authors: Kwarteng Felix A. , Hassan Mohsen A. , Ohashi Hidenori , Khalil Ahmed S.G.
Published: September 2024

Allium cepa L., popularly known as onion, has many benefits aside from being used as a vegetable. This study explored onion peel biomass by converting it to biochar (BC) followed by activation with KOH under optimal temperature and mix ratio. Various characterizations such as Raman, SEM, XRD and BET were performed to examine the surface and morphological properties of the activated biochar. The developed BC was utilized to treat textile wastewater composing methyl orange (MO) dye. The KOH-activated onion peel biochar showed a surface area of 1725.6 m2/g, resulting in a maximum dye adsorption capacity of 454.54 mg/g. Raman spectroscopy further revealed the existence of graphene-like structures of the biochar. The adsorption kinetics show that BC follows the pseudo-second-order model with an R2 of 0.9988. The isotherm experiments also conformed to the Langmuir model with an R2 of 0.9958. The influence of pH was studied, and results showed higher removal efficiencies at a pH of 2. Finally, the regeneration and recyclability of the prepared adsorbent was run for three successive cycles, after which it maintained appreciable adsorption capacity and removal efficiencies. Overall, the BC derived from onion peel demonstrated that it could be a promising alternative and high-performance adsorbent for treating textile wastewater.
Experimental Evaluation of Rheological Properties of Water-Based Drilling Fluid with Fly Ash Additive
Authors: Dewangan Satish Kumar , Nathwani Nishant , Kawade Ajay
Published: September 2024

Drilling fluid rheology is very important aspect for judging its suitability for the well-drilling operation. This study looked at how fly ash affected the rheological characteristics of drilling fluids that were based on water. Six different drilling fluid samples (combination of water-bentonite-fly ash) have been prepared: 4 samples without engine oil additives and 2 samples with engine oil additive. The shear stress between fluid layers vs. shear rate curves and the viscosity of fluid vs. shear rate curves have been plotted for the controlled shear rate application by rotational rheometer MCR 102 (Make: Anton-Paar Inc.). Curve fitting have been done successfully with the Herschel-Bulkley rheology model and various parameters have been obtained. It is found that addition of fly ash as well as additive oil imparts favorable rheology to water based drilling fluids.
Poly-SiC Characterization and Properties for SmartSiC™
Authors: Biard Hugo , Drouin Alexis , Schwarzenbach Walter , Alassaad Kassem , Coeurdray Laetitia , Chagneux Valentine , Coche Mael , Ledrappier Sebastien , Monnoye Sylvain , Mank Hugues , Rouchier Séverin , Barge Thierry , Radisson Damien , Moulin Alexandre , Barbet Sophie , Widiez Julie , Odoul Sidoine , Maleville Christophe
Published: September 2024

SmartSiC™ products developed by Soitec in the past four years consist of a high quality monocrystalline silicon carbide (m-SiC) on the top of an ultra-low resistivity polycrystalline silicon carbide (p-SiC or poly-SiC), the interface being electrically conductive. These engineered substrates are intended to bring added value for vertical power devices compared to standard m-SiC, by leveraging the wide bandgap (WBG) properties of the m-SiC and the enhanced p-SiC properties of the base substrate. Thus, it is of paramount importance to understand and monitor the p-SiC properties. In this paper, we present its electrical resistivity, microstructure and texture measurements through SEM and EBSD, thermal conductivity through Laser Flash Anneal (LFA), and Young modulus measurements.
SmartSiC™ Substrates: A Boon to Drain Metallization Process
Authors: Cakmak Huseyin , Thomas Amelie , Ratranaj Sonia Anton Hillary , Yeo Abdul Hannan , Kumar Shiv , Xie Hanlin , Chand Umesh , Reddy Vudumula Pavan , Voo Qin Gui Roth , Bera Lakshmi Kanta , Singh Navab , Chung Surasit , Kabelaan Loic , Radu Ionut , Schwarzenbach Walter
Published: September 2024

We present results of epitaxial characterization and benchmarking of Silicon Carbide (SiC) epitaxial layers grown on both 6-inch commercially available SiC substrate and on SOITEC’s new generation SmartSiCTM substrate. Multi wafer reactor was utilized to avoid run-to-run variation. Schottky Barrier Diodes (SBD) and electrical test vehicles were fabricated to extract ideality factor, barrier height and ohmic contact resistance for benchmarking.
Optimization of Helical Gear Plunge Shaving Cutting Parameters for Cutter Life Using Taguchi Method
Authors: Tolentino Andrew A. , Manuel Mark Christian E. , Tayactac Reylina Garcia
Published: September 2024

Gear shaving is a vital part of gear tooth finishing during the pre-hardened condition. Taguchi method was used to design a technique on selecting optimum gear cutting parameters, and on setting a standard in process programming of MHI FEN30A 4-axis shaving machine, for shaving of SCM20H material helical gear using plunge pattern. The final cutting stock, final feed rate and spindle speed were selected as the shaving parameters. Many experiments were conducted using the L16 orthogonal array. S/N response table shows the optimum cutting parameter combinations for cutting load, cutting time, and crowning which are A4B1C1, A1B1C4, and A3B4C4 respectively. The final feed rate is the most significant cutting parameter for the optimization of cutting load, cutting time, and crowning, having ANOVA percentage contributions of 49.6%, 99.01%, and 92.45% respectively. Quadratic regression was used to model predictive equations and contour plots having R2 values of 91.75%, 99.79%, and 91.81%. Predicted values from the quadratic regression model and estimated Taguchi optimum response were compared to the actual results using the optimum parameters for the validation of the experiment. All experimental results are within the 95% confidence of interval, and the percentage error between the experimental and predicted values are all below the acceptable 20%. Regression contour plots can be used for the selection of cutting parameters in process programming, given that the final feed rate is the priority for considering the cutter life, and secondly is the final depth of cut.
Investigations on the Recovery of the Electrical Properties of Smart Cut™-Transferred SiC Thin Film Using SiC-on-Insulator Structures
Authors: Gelineau Guillaume , Masante Cédric , Rolland Emmanuel , Barbet Sophie , Corbin Lucie , Papon Anne-Marie , Caridroit Simon , Delcroix Mathieu , Huet Stéphanie , Moulin Alexandre , Prudkovskiy Vladimir S. , Troutot Nicolas , Rouchier Séverin , Turchetti Loic , Mony Karine , Widiez Julie
Published: September 2024

SiC-on-Insulator (SiCOI) structures fabricated using the Smart Cut™ technique can be of great interest in order to probe the properties of a silicon carbide (SiC) transferred layer, by electrically insulating it from the receiver substrate. In this study, we report the fabrication of such a SiCOI structure using a SiC receiver, as well as its electrical and TEM characterization after high temperature annealing. We highlight a decrease of the transferred layer electrical resistivity with increasing annealing temperature, due to doping reactivation and electron mobility enhancement. After low temperature annealing (1200°C to 1400°C), deep acceptor levels, possibly located in a damaged region near the substrate’s surface, might be responsible of a non negligible electrical compensation. Beyond 1400°C however, the transferred SiC crystal is healed and electron transport is only subjected to shallow nitrogen ionization.
Disease Severity and Activity in Bronchiectasis: A Paradigm Shift in Bronchiectasis Management
Authors: Im Yunjoo , Chalmers James D. , Choi Hayoung
Published: September 2024

Bronchiectasis has an increasing prevalence and substantial clinical and economic burden. Therefore, physicians should identify patients with bronchiectasis at high risk of disease progression to ensure optimal management in advance. The heterogeneity of bronchiectasis means it is unlikely that any single parameter could identify highrisk patients; therefore, disease severity is usually assessed using validated composite tools, such as the Bronchiectasis Severity Index, FACED, and Bronchiectasis Aetiology Comorbidity Index, to predict long-term outcomes in bronchiectasis. Disease severity, however, implies an advanced process with lung destruction. Earlier intervention may prevent disease progression and improve outcomes. To identify patients at risk, rather than patients with established advanced disease, we need to shift our focus from disease severity to disease activity. Disease activity denotes the activation level of underlying pathophysiological processes and can be measured using clinical presentations and biomarkers. This review discusses a paradigm shift in bronchiectasis management, focusing on disease activity rather than severity, to prevent disease progression.
Integrating pastoral care and appreciative inquiry for sex trafficking survivors: A framework for healing
Authors: Frieslaar Brent V. , Masango Maake J.
Published: September 2024

Integrating appreciative inquiry (AI) and pastoral care may help address the complex issues of commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking. This article explores the benefits of incorporating AI principles into pastoral care for survivors of commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking. Commercial sexual exploitation and trafficking involve exploitation, degradation, and violence, making them complex issues. By understanding the sex trade, we can recognise that prostitution is an act of exploitation. Some scholars believe that prostitution and human trafficking are interconnected, with a focus on exploiting the poor, especially women and children. Commercial sexual exploitation can cause mental, emotional, and spiritual distress. Survivors require comprehensive aftercare to address their spiritual, self-esteem, and dignity needs. Organisational development-based AI is constructive and strength-based. Appreciative inquiry promotes positive development, community and individual strength, and resilience by re-contextualizing narratives and envisioning brighter futures. The use of AI could improve pastoral care and holistic rehabilitation. Pastoral caregivers using AI can promote reconciliation, development, and rehabilitation. Using strengths-based strategies, pastoral care practitioners can help survivors regain agency and purpose. Survivors receive spiritual support through the Appreciative Way, which combines contemplative spirituality and inquiry. Narrative exploration can help trauma survivors envision a bright future based on love and resilience. This study suggests that AI principles may benefit pastoral care recipients who have experienced commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking. Pastoral caregivers can help survivors regain dignity, calling, and well-being by implementing an appreciative healing approach.Contribution: The article sheds light on the dehumanising consequences of sex trafficking on vulnerable populations in South Africa, particularly women and children. This article aims to explain how AI concepts can be applied to Practical Theology. Specifically, this article will demonstrate how the Appreciative Way can be utilised in pastoral care for healing from sex trafficking trauma.
Jesus and the angels: A comparative reading of Hebrews 1:1–4 in light of Ewe angelology
Authors: Sakitey Daniel , Van Eck Ernest
Published: September 2024

This article examines the phrase, tosoutō kreittōn genomenos tōn angelōn (Heb 1:4a) (having become as much superior to the angels) in the exordium of the epistle to the Hebrews in the light of Ewe angelology. The article employs both comparative and mother tongue hermeneutical approaches as its methodologies. An exegetical analysis of the cosmic superiority of Christ over angels in Hebrews 1:4a was carried out to situate the text in its historical and literary contexts. This was followed by an excursus on angels to explore the angelic world of the text, and a comparative discussion with angelology motif in Ewe cosmology. Finally, the article assesses the cosmic supremacy of Christ over the angelic world of the Ewe against the backdrop of the continuous quest for spiritual protection in Ewe-Ghanaian spirituality today. The quest for spiritual protection in popular Ewe-Ghanaian Christianity today stems from the perception that Christ’s cosmic superiority over the cosmos he created and owns including angelic beings alone is not enough and that one would need to resort to other mediums to enhance access to God for quicker solutions to one’s predicaments. This has resulted in the introduction of syncretic elements in spirituality. To cure the syncretic elements in Ewe Christian spirituality, this article makes the following proposals: Firstly, the preaching (kerygma) and teaching (didache) of the gospel message must be given priority in the pulpit. Secondly, Christian educators must constantly emphasise Christ’s superiority and his exclusive mediatory function over Ewe cosmic beings to ensure that old and new converts to Christianity view him alone as sufficient for their spiritual development.Contribution: The article contributes to the academic knowledge of the priestly Christology in Hebrews situating it within the context of mother tongue biblical hermeneutics.
Work-life balance mediating stress and quality of life in academics during COVID-19 in Malaysia
Authors: Aye Lwin M. , Tan Jeremy Ern Hwei , Ramasamy Shamala
Published: September 2024

Background: Following the implementation of the Movement Control Order (MCO) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, academicians from the universities in Malaysia needed to ensure that the quality-of-service delivery to the stakeholders is undisturbed by adopting new challenging norms. This compromises the work-life balance (WLB), causes more stress and potentially affects their quality of life (QoL).Aim: This study investigates how perceived stress (PS) impacts the QoL of Malaysian academicians during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the mediating role of WLB.Setting: Academics working in Malaysia during COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: A cross-sectional study, using a voluntary response sampling method, was conducted among 417 academicians from universities in Malaysia in September 2021. A self-reported online questionnaire, measuring PS, WLB and QoL, was distributed.Results: The QoL scored a mean of 50 (standard deviation [s.d.] = 9.84), PS scored a mean of 24.26 (s.d. = 8.19) and WLB had a mean score of 51.12 (s.d. = 18.73). Work-life balance was a significant mediator of PS and QoL (β = –0.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] = –0.52 to –0.35, p = 0.0001). Perceived stress was a significant predictor of WLB (β = 1.62, p = 0.0001).Conclusion: Institutions should consider implementing flexible working arrangements, and providing workshops on crisis management, time management, and resilience. Stress coping methods are recommended for enhancing WLB among academicians.Contribution: This study contributes to the pool of evidence to support intervention strategies and policy recommendations aimed to enhance well-being.
African vaccine manufacturing – The ecosystem and the Initiative
Authors: Disu Tolu , Kamau Charles , Bonadonna Lisa , Losper Farrah , Ampofo William
Published: September 2024

N/A
Mpox, stigma and the Public Health Emergency of Continental Security declaration: Addressing public health challenges in Africa
Authors: Foláyan Morẹ́nikẹ́ Oluwátóyìn
Published: September 2024

No abstract available.
4: Intra-operative assessment of effects of positive end expiratory pressure compared with zero end-expiratory pressure on atelectasis during surgery under general anaesthesia using ultrasonography: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Jelliffe J
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims:

Many clinical trials have investigated the use of intraoperative lung protective ventilation to prevent post-operative pulmonary complications. But, few have visually confirmed if protective measures led to decreased intra-operative atelectasis. This study evaluates whether protective ventilation measures reduces peri-operative atelectasis, using ultrasonography.

Methods:

After obtaining informed consent, 30 patients going through surgery under general anaesthesia were randomly assigned to either lung protective ventilation group (n=15) or zero end expiratory pressure (ZEEP) group (n=15). Lung protective ventilation involved a positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 7cm H2O and recruitment manoeuvres (30cm H2O for 20 seconds) done every 30 minutes during the course of surgery. Lung ultrasound was performed on the patients at four different time points before and after surgery. Lung ultrasound score (LUS) at each time point was then compared between the two groups to analyse the effects of lung protective ventilation on atelectasis.

Results:

Prior to lung protective ventilation, the LUS was similar between the two groups. Before emergence from general anaesthesia, the mean LUS was lower among patients in the lung protective ventilation group compared to patients in ZEEP group (p<0.05). Lower mean LUS signifies better aeration in lung protective ventilation group before emergence. However, there was no significant difference in mean LUS between the two groups post operatively.

Conclusion:

Intra-operative lung protective ventilation reduces atelectasis compared to zero end expiratory pressure during surgery as assessed by ultrasound. However, this reduction in aeration loss does not continue in the post-operative period.

JOURNAL/ijana/04.03/01762628-202203001-00108/inline-graphic1/v/2022-09-30T091728Z/r/image-tiff
6: Pre-procedural ultrasonography as an adjunct to landmark technique for identification of epidural space in parturients coming for labour analgesia- a prospective randomised controlled trial.
Authors: Pravallika K.
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims:

Pregnancy-induced softening of tissues and ligaments, may increase the false-positive rate when identifying the epidural space by the loss of resistance ( LOR ) technique. Ultrasonography (USG), which has now become the EYE of anesthesiologists, can be used as a reliable tool to facilitate epidural needle placement in parturients. The objectives of the study included finding out the correlation between USG guided estimated depth versus actual depth of epidural space in parturients.

Number of attempts taken and incidence of dural punctures by landmark technique versus USG guided technique were the secondary objectives

Methods:

After the approval from the institutional ethics committee and Clinical Trials Registry of India registration, 62 parturients of American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA) II requesting labor analgesia were randomised into two groups of 31 each- GROUP-L (conventional landmark technique) and GROUP-U (preprocedural ultrasound scan done before epidural).

In group-U, Tuohy needle was introduced through the USG pre-determined insertion point and epidural space was located using LOR technique.

Results:

Ultrasound increased the success rate of epidural at first attempt from 51.6% in group “L” to 87% in group “U”

Fewer needle attempts (P value - 0.001) were required in group “U” as compared to group “L”.

No accidental dural punctures in group U, compared to 6 in group-L.

Mean depth of epidural space (cm)-UD= 3.89 ± 0.45 cm and ND=4.05±0.37 cm.

Conclusion:

Pre-procedural ultrasonography is a simple, safe and accurate tool to determine the needle insertion site, decrease the incidence of accidental dural punctures and helps to assess epidural space depth in parturients.

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13: Effects of buprenorphine and dexmedetomidine as adjuvants to low dose 0.5% heavy bupivacaine in spinal anaesthesia in patients undergoing transurethral resection of prostate – A comparative study.
Authors: Manasa
Published: September 2024

Background and Aim:

Benign prostatic hypertrophy is common in elderly men. Spinal anaesthesia is preferred in transurethral resection of prostate (TURP). This study compares sensory, motor effects and haemodynamics of buprenorphine and dexmedetomidine as adjuvants to low dose 0.5% heavy bupivacine in spinal anaesthesia .

Methods:

fter Institutional Ethics Committee approval, a comparative study was conducted which included 30 elderly male patients in the age group 55-75 years belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grades I and II physical status scheduled for TURP. Patients were randomised into two groups using computer generated random numbers. Group B (n-15) received 2ml 0.5% heavy bupivacine with 45µg buprenorphine and Group D(n-15) received 2ml 0.5% heavy bupivacine with 5µg dexmedetomidine intrathecally.Intra-operatively,following parameters were recorded: Time of onset of T10 , Highest level of motor block sensory analgesia , Time to regression of motor block to Bromage 0 , Duration of analgesia and haemodynamics .

Results:

A total of 30 patients were included in the study. The demographic data was comparable between the groups .The duration of analgesia in Group-B was 297±43.3 min and in Group-D 412±74.7 min with P value 0.002). There was low incidence of any perioperative complication such as hypotension, bradycardia,nausea and vomiting.

Conclusion:

Addition of buprenorphine 45µg or dexmedetomidine 5µg to 0.5% heavy bupivacaine intrathecally in TURP resulted in prolonged duration of analgesia with haemodynamic stability. Dexmedetomidine has prolonged duration of analgesia with significant p value (0.002).

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14: Ultrasonography of the diaphragm to predict successful extubation
Authors: Raj Ishita
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims:

Successful weaning from mechanical ventilation and extubation is always a challenge to an intensivist because, both prolonged ventilation and premature extubation are associated with various complications. Prolonged mechanical ventilation is associated with complications such as ventilation associated pneumonia, barotrauma, and atrophy of respiratory muscles.Premature extubation can result in hypoxia, hypercarbia and increased respiratory and cardiac distress. For optimal functioning of the diaphragm, the primary muscle of inspiration, it is important to resume spontaneous ventilation after extubation irrespective of the cause for respiratory failure.Currently, ultrasonography measurement has been studied to predict the success of extubation along with other standard extubation protocols. The study objectives were :1. To measure the diaphragmatic thickening fraction (dTF) and diaphragmatic excursion (DE) before and after spontaneous breathing trial (SBT).

2.To compare dTF and DE with standard extubation criteria in predicting extubation outcome.

Methods:

This was a prospective, double blind observational study. Number of patients was 41. Informed consent was taken from the patients’ attenders..

Results:

We observed that 68% of the patients with normal dTF and DE values were extubated successfully, 19% were still extubated successfully with slightly lower values of dTF and DE and 9% of patients were reintubated with normal dTF and DE values.

Conclusion:

We concluded that 68% of cases for dTF>35% and DE >1cm were successfully extubated along with standard parameters.

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Comparison of the ultra-sound-guided peri-capsular nerve group block (Peng block) and the Peng block with the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve block (LFCN) for the fractured hip surgeries – an aprospective, double-blinded randomised study
Authors: Srivastawa Surabhi
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims:

We hypothesised that blocking the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) separately may provide an additional advantage to the peri-capsular nerve group (PENG) block in terms of duration of analgesia and patient comfort. Therefore, we conducted a prospective, double-blinded, randomised study comparing the effect of PENG with that of the PENG Plus LFCN block on the duration of analgesia in fractured hip surgery. Rest and Dynamic pain scores for 24 hours were recoded as primary objectives. The duration of analgesia, the time of administration of the block until numerical rating scale (NRS) ≥ 4, the ease of spinal positioning, and side effects were recorded as secondary outcomes.

Methods:

A total of 124 patients of age group 18 to 80 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1–3, were randomised into two groups. The ultra-sound-guided PENG block with ropivacaine 0.5% 30 ml and dexamethasone 8 mg was given in group A and ropivacaine 0.5% 25 ml and 5 ml at LFCN separately was given in group B. The NRS after 20 minutes, 25 minutes, and 30 minutes was noted. The ease of spinal positioning was also noted. The NRS at 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours was noted in resting and movement. Any side effects were documented and treated as a hospital protocol. All patients were given a combined spinal epidural with injection bupivacaine 0.5 per cent 1.6 ml with fentanyl 20 µg. Injection paracetamol 1 gram was added 8 hourly in both the groups as a part of multi-modal analgesia. Injection tramadol 25 mg was given if NRS exceeded 4 through a patient-controlled analgesia only bolus dose, a lock-out of 10 minutes, 4 hourly, limit 100 mg, as rescue analgesia.

Results:

NRS at rest and movement in group A (PENG) mean [inter-quartile range (IQR)] = 3 (3-2), group B (PENG+LFCN) 2 (2-1), respectively. Time to first analgesic request mean (IQR) group A 9.04 (12.5-0), group B 12.12 (14-0), ease of spinal positioning group A 3 (3-2), group B 3 (3-2).

Conclusion:

The PENG block is an effective block for fractured hip surgeries in providing ease of spinal positioning and post-operative analgesia, and if PENG is combined with the LFCN block, the post-operative analgesia is enhanced by increasing the duration and reduction in the pain score.

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Abstract No.: ABS0125: Study of airway management in 50 COVID positive patients in ICU
Authors: Mehta Mahendi
Published: September 2024

Background & Aims:

The aim was to successfully perform airway management by securing definite airway via endotracheal tube in emergency or semi- emergency situation in first attempt without causing any trauma to the patient.

Methods:

In our ICU, tracheal intubation was done for patients with COVID-19 which was based on clinical criteria as per the institute protocol. Intubation was performed by an expert in airway management using method of rapid sequence intubation anddirect laryngoscope. Propofol or etomidate were used as induction agent and succinylcholine or rocuronium as musclerelaxant, according to the patient profile. Intubation box, acrylic face shield and personal protective equipment were also used for safety. Various pathological factors also contribute to difficulty in airway management such as edema and ulceration ofepiglottis and vocal cords.

Results:

Despite a multitude of technical and pathological factors contributing to difficult airway management,in this study of total 50 patients, 45 patients were intubated successfully in the first attempt, 4 patients were intubated in second attempt and 1 patient was intubated after 3 attempts using bougie with some trauma to the patient. All the intubations were performed using direct laryngoscope and rapid sequence intubation by an expert airway manager.

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Conclusion:

Therefore, to conclude, in the majority of the COVID 19 ICU patients, airway management was done successfully in the first attempt in emergency situation by the expert airway manager.
Abstract No. : ABS0423: Comparison of two different doses of Atracurium for muscle relaxation quality in rapid sequence induction in emergency laparotomies : A randomised prospective study
Authors: ChetanPatil
Published: September 2024

Background & Aims:

In emergency and non-fasting patients, rapid sequenceinduction (RSI) is preferred, which is routinely done by rocuronium or succinylcholine. To avoid adverse effects of these drugs, atracurium in high dose i.e.3-4times ED95 can be used to provide good intubating conditions. The present study therefore aimed to study and compare two doses of atracurium (0.75mg/kg and 1mg/kg) with regards to quality of muscle relaxation RSI

Methods:

After obtaining institutional ethical committee clearance and written informed consent from sixty patients, they wererandomly assigned into two groups and were given premedication and induced with inj. propofol 2mg/kg and two different doses of Atracurium 0.75mg/kg in group A and 1mg/kg in group B without a priming dose. Intubation was performed bytrained anesthesiologists within a minute. At the same time, all intubating conditions, neuromuscular monitoring i.e Train of four measurement, and haemodynamics were measured. Data was analysed statistically by using the SPSS version20.

Results:

Atracurium doses of 0.75mg/kg and 1mg/kg achieved a 13.3% and 56.7% success rate of intubation without coughing orbucking. Atracurium higher dose had a longer duration of action than low dose. The duration measured by time until TOF was two (in min) was 60.13±8.7 & 79.2±9.2 (p<0.001) on giving of 0.75mg/kg and 1mg/kg atracurium respectively.

Conclusion:

Administration of high dose (1mg/kg) atracurium helps in achieving good intubating conditions during RSI. Hence atracurium can be used as a better alternative drug to succinylcholine for RSI..
Abstract No. : ABS0549: Comparison of dural puncture epidural technique with combined spinal epidural Technique for labour analgesia. A prospective randomised study.
Authors: Pedapenki Sai Krishna
Published: September 2024

Background & Aims:

The Dural puncture epidural technique (DPE) is where the dura is punctured but no intrathecal drug is given. thus avoiding potential side effects of intrathecal drugs. The goal of our study was to find whether DPE technique provides safe and better quality of analgesia compared to CSE.

Methods:

60 parturients of American Society of Anesthesiologists ( ASA) grade ll were divided into two groups. In DPE group, dura was punctured with spinal needle followed by insertion of epidural catheter. A test dose of 3ml of 2% lignocaine with adrenaline was given followed by 5ml of 0.125% bupivacaine. In CSE group, 1.25mg of 0.25% plain bupivacaine with 20µg fentanyl wasgiven in subarachnoid space and epidural catheter was threaded Background infusions were given in both the groups.

Results:

The onset time of analgesia was 460.67+/-72.96 seconds (7.67 min.) in DPE. While with CSE it was223.33+/-50 seconds (3.8 min). The time for the 1st top up, was 135.23± 22.05 minutes in group DPE and 135.67 ± 13.19 minutes in group CSE. The mean duration of labour was 245.87 ± 31.18 minutes in Group DPE and 238.23 Â± 34.03 minutes in CSE group (p =0.369). The maternal haemodynamic changes were similar in both study groups. In group DPE, 80% (24) patients had normal vaginal delivery 3 (10%) underwent lower segment caesarean section (LSCS), 3 (10%) had instrumental delivery. In group CSE 73.3% (22) patients had normal vaginal delivery while 13 % (4) each underwent LSCS and instrumental forceps delivery (p=0.83). There was no significant difference in motor block between the two groups( p values greater than 0.05). Eight patients (26.7%) reported pruritus in CSE group while none in the group DPE (p = 0.005). Seven patients reported nausea in group CSE against one in group DPE (p =0.05).Foetal bradycardia was more in CSE(6) compared to DPE(1)( p=0.10). APGAR score was more than 7 in both groups.

Conclusion:

The quality of analgesia was good with both DPE and CSE, though onset of analgesia was slightly faster in CSE group. The maternal and foetal outcomes were better with DPE group.