bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A picture is worth a thousand words: using digital tools to visualise marine invertebrate diversity data along the coasts of Mozambique and São Tomé & Príncipe
Authors: Niza Henrique , Bento Marta , Lopes Luis , Cartaxana Alexandra , Correia Alexandra
Published: September 2021

The amount of biological data available in online repositories is increasing at an exponential rate. However, data on marine invertebrate biodiversity resources from Mozambique and São Tomé and Príncipe are still sparse and scattered. Online repositories are useful instruments for biodiversity research, as they provide a fast access to data from different sources. The use of interactive platforms comprising web mapping are becoming more important, not only for the scientific community, but also for conservation managers, decision-makers and the general public as they allow data presentation in simple and understandable visual schemes. The main goal of this study was to create an interactive online digital map (hosted and available at MARINBIODIV Atlas), through the collection of data from various sources, to visualise marine invertebrate occurrences and distribution across different habitats, namely mangroves, seagrasses, corals and other coastal areas, in Mozambique and São Tomé and Príncipe. The acquired biodiversity data were managed and structured to be displayed as spatial data and to be disseminated using the geographic information system ArcGIS, where data can be accessed, filtered and mapped. The ArcGIS web mapping design tools were used to produce interactive maps to visualise marine invertebrate diversity information along the coasts of Mozambique and São Tomé and Príncipe, through different habitats, offering the foundation for analysing species incidence and allocation information. Understanding the spatial occurrences and distribution of marine invertebrates in both countries can provide a valuable baseline, regarding information and trends on their coastal marine biodiversity.
Mating marks on museum specimens reveal breeding patterns in species of Pterostichus Bonelli (Carabidae, Pterostichini)
Authors: Will Kipling , Mendez Patina
Published: September 2021

We found distinct and consistently placed, species- and sex-specific abrasions of the cuticle on museum specimens of 14 species of thePterostichusBonelli, 1810 (Carabidae, Pterostichini) subgenus Hypherpes Chaudoir, 1838. We deduced that these marks are generated during mating and, therefore, can be used to distinguish between preserved specimens of beetles that had previously mated at the time of capture and those that had not mated. In addition to describing and detailing the occurrence of the marks and providing evidence that they are the result of mating, we demonstrate their utility for inferring life history using a museum voucher collection. By scoring these indications of mating from pinned specimens, we describe life cycle patterns in two similar, relatively closely related and sympatric species of the subgenusHypherpes, P. vicinusMannerheim, 1843 andP. californicus(Dejean, 1828). Both were sampled during a pitfall trap study in Contra Costa, California, USA from 2014–2019 and deposited in the Essig Museum of Entomology, UC Berkeley. Both species had very low adult activity through the drought and end of drought period prior to the spring of 2017 and are significantly more abundant in the post-drought period. Based on mating marks, both species responded to accumulated precipitation ending the drought by the emergence of an active, mostly unmated cohort of adults. The spring activity peak, following the end of the drought, was dominated by unmarked and presumably unmated beetles, but samples from subsequent springs included a nearly equal mix of beetles showing mating marks and apparently unmated beetles. The beetle activity appears to correspond more with the accumulated rainfall of the preceding rainy season than with the rains of the sample year. Beetles sampled in autumn and winter (rainy season) predominantly show mating marks. The occurrence throughout the year of beetles that are marked as having mated is consistent with iteroparous beetles with a lifespan of more than one year and also consistent with dynamic phenotypic polyvariance in which the adult activity period is synchronised by adjusting development time. The dominant pattern fits with a life cycle that is typically annual univoltine, or possibly biennial semivoltine in dry years, rainy season breeding (autumn-winter) iteroparous, with adult summer aestivation and possibly facultative larval hibernation. However, unmarked and so apparently unmated individuals and teneral adults were captured during peak activity periods regardless of the season, suggesting that either the beetles diapause as teneral adults that then complete development and become active at various points during the year and/or there are multiple periods of breeding and oviposition each year in at least some portion of the population.
Histochemical observations in Piper malgassicum (Piperaceae) with a special focus on the epidermis
Authors: Corti Emilio , Palchetti Enrico , Biricolti Stefano , Gori Massimo , Tani Corrado , Squillace Andrea , Pittella Alexander , Papini Alessio , Falsini Sara
Published: September 2021

This is the first contribution about the histochemistry of vegetative and reproductive aerial organs in the genus Piper L. Piper malgassicum accumulates alkaloids and terpenes in the epidermis and the underlying layers of parenchyma, both in the leaves, in the stems and in anthers. Some idioblasts appear to contain a large amount of secondary metabolites. The micro-anatomical analysis showed peculiar secretory structures both in the leaves, in the anthers and in the ovary. Several lipid aggregates, alkaloid droplets and calcium oxalate crystals were observed in leaves and stems, indicating their role in defence strategies, mechanical support, and pollinators attraction. In the anthers, we observed elaioplasts whose content suggest an alternative and indirect function in pollination and defence against micro-organisms. Besides, some lipid aggregates surrounded by microtubules, detected in the anthers, were recognized as lipotubuloids. The tapetum was of secretory type.

Alkaloids and terpenes were widely distributed in the plant confirming the important biological role of this type of biomolecules and its functional range. In the anthers, terpene and polyphenol inclusions appeared particularly abundant in the epidermal layer, whereas calcium oxalate crystals were observed close to the ovule in the ovary at maturity.
Registered Nurses as Caregivers: Influencing the System as Patient Advocates
Authors: Lucatorto Michelle , Thomas Timothy , Siek Terry
Published: September 2021

Registered Nurses (RNs) influence the health of individual patients and populations. RNs provide the most value for the healthcare system when they work collaboratively with other healthcare team members, work to their full scope of practice, and when they are engaged and accountable. In 2011, the Institute of Medicine report on the future of nursing made the call to achieve the full value of nursing care. Creation of this future state requires both a vision of the “to be” as well as removal of existing barriers. In this article, we present a description of this future state in the context of a team based culture that utilizes collaboration to achieve the full scope of practice, accountability to deliver healthcare based on a discrete body of knowledge, and accountability to provide value and measure effectiveness of nursing care. This proposed future vision focuses on patient advocacy for nurses working in healthcare systems. Barriers that currently exist, such as overlaps in professional scopes of practice, organizational policy and structure, and a lack of the ability to grant privileges to nurses based upon their education and skills are discussed. We offer recommendations to remove barriers and contribute to creation of a new future state of nursing, and conclude that the removal of barriers to inhibit the fullest scope of nursing practice will continue to require focus in purpose and persistence in action.
Le non-respect des délais de jugement au tribunal criminel spécial du Cameroun
Authors: Nkou Mvondo Prosper
Published: September 2021

Le Tribunal criminel spécial a été mis en place dans le cadre d'une politique de lutte contre la criminalité économique en général et particulièrement contre les détournements des biens publics. Dans cette optique, le législateur camerounais a voulu que les affaires au Tribunal criminel soient jugées dans un délai maximum de six (6) mois. Seulement, l'ambition du législateur va se heurter aux exigences du modèle de justice accusatoire adopté par la procédure pénale camerounaise, dont le respect des principes conduit inéluctablement à des lenteurs judiciaires. Au-delà de cette difficulté, il faut encore prendre en compte les manœuvres des parties elles-mêmes lorsqu'elles veulent que le procès s'enlise. Finalement, rares sont les jugements du Tribunal criminel spécial rendus dans le respect du délai prescrit.
Biais cognitifs et comportement judiciaire
Authors: Adjaout-Ponsard Mathias
Published: September 2021

Bien qu'omniprésente aux États-Unis depuis plusieurs décennies, et dans une moindre mesure en Europe, l'étude du comportement judiciaire sous le prisme des biais cognitifs demeure quasiment inexistante en France. Pourtant, une telle grille de lecture a permis d'observer la survenance systématique d'irrationalités dans la prise de décision judiciaire tout en fournissant des pistes permettant de lutter contre ces phénomènes. Dès lors, ce travail a pour vocation, en puisant dans une littérature internationale, de dresser un panorama des biais cognitifs gangrénant le processus décisionnel des juges à travers des études illustrant leur implication.
Grèce. Pandémie de Covid-19 et mobilisation syndicale des professionnels du spectacle : l’initiative Support Art Workers
Authors: Karakioulafis Christina
Published: September 2021

En Grèce, la crise du nouveau coronavirus a rendu visible la vulnérabilité et la précarité des professionnels du spectacle. Les mesures du gouvernement, très souvent mal adaptées aux particularités du secteur, ont provoqué le mécontentement des travailleurs et des syndicats. Elles sont aussi à l’origine des processus de mobilisation collective qui ont eu lieu tels que l’initiative Support Art Workers (SAW).
Japon. Frontière juridique entre salariés et indépendants : l’état des débats
Authors: Suzuki Hiromasa
Published: September 2021

La prolifération des pratiques de sous-traitance et l’apparition de nouveaux emplois liés aux plateformes numériques brouillent la frontière entre travailleurs salariés et indépendants au Japon. Pour trancher les questions juridiques que ce brouillage pose et protéger les travailleurs indépendants, le ministère de la Santé, du Travail et du Bien-être a chargé deux groupes d’experts d’établir une feuille de route destinée aux pouvoirs publics.
L’espace public, entre métaphore et réalité formelle : la délocalisation risquée d’un pôle de formation
Authors: Baldelli Brigitte , Gilbert Yves
Published: September 2021

Anticipant les conséquences possibles de la prochaine délocalisation d’un pôle interpartenarial de formation supérieure et de recherche en intervention sociale, les auteurs, tous deux acteurs historiques de ce pôle, rappellent combien un espace public est à la fois une opportunité d’interactions et un cadre concret. Ils utilisent, pour décrire les interactions complexes qui s’y déroulent, les concepts matériels et immatériels, physiques et métaphoriques, de mondes et de frontières . Ils montrent comment les implications matérielles et organisationnelles de la délocalisation du site hébergeant un espace commun peuvent, si elles ne sont pas anticipées et collégialement maîtrisées, conduire à la dissolution des équilibres fragiles et toujours en mouvement des interactions qui s’y déploient et qui le structurent.
Le visible et l’invisible
Authors: Berlanda Thierry , Longneaux Jean-Michel , de Broca Alain , d’Aranda Catherine
Published: September 2021

L’apparaître le plus radicalement authentique chez Henry, c’est un apparaître charnel, c’est-à-dire non pas la réalité que je vois, mais la réalité que j’éprouve. C’est aussi une distinction radicale et insurmontable entre ce qui est visible et ce qui ne l’est pas, entre ce qui est radicalement invisible et pourtant absolument réel, et ce qui est visible et qui n’est qu’accessoirement réel et possiblement réel, mais sans plus.
Violence de guerre et crimes de droit commun en France
Authors: Vergnon Gilles
Published: September 2021

Si la France ne connaît pas, à la différence de l’Allemagne, de l’Italie ou de l’Irlande, de troubles politiques et sociaux majeurs impliquant d’anciens soldats démobilisés, l’étude de l’éventuelle reconversion de la violence guerrière en violence « privée » reste largement à explorer. Cet article entend contribuer à ce chantier en cours à partir d’exemples et de données statistiques issues de bases de données judiciaires.
Partie III. La politique monétaire de la BCE et la crise du Covid-19
Authors: Blot Christophe
Published: September 2021

La crise liée à la propagation de l’épidémie de Covid-19 a de nouveau poussé les banques centrales à réagir en assouplissant l’orientation de la politique monétaire, ce qui s’est traduit par le recours massif aux mesures non conventionnelles. Il en a résulté une forte augmentation de la taille de leur bilan. En amplifiant les programmes d’achat d’actifs, les banques centrales ont par ailleurs absorbé une large part de la dette émise par les États en 2020 pour faire face à la crise. Dans la zone euro, la BCE a de plus lancé un nouveau programme, le PEPP, destiné à réduire le risque de fragmentation. Cet article évalue l’effet de ce programme sur les écarts de taux d’intérêts souverains en zone euro et aussi l’effet des annonces de politique monétaire prises depuis le début de la crise sur les conditions de financement dans la zone euro. Les résultats suggèrent que l’ensemble des mesures prises a eu un effet significatif sur les taux souverains et les indices boursiers. Par ailleurs, les résultats de nos estimations indiquent qu’une augmentation des flux d’achat de titres, dans le cadre du PEPP, permet de réduire les écarts de taux des pays considérés généralement comme fragiles : Italie, Espagne, Portugal et Grèce.
Le modèle « mixte » : un outil d’évaluation du choc de la Covid-19
Authors: Dauvin Magali , Sampognaro Raul
Published: September 2021

L’épidémie de la Covid-19 et les mesures mises en œuvre pour enrayer la circulation du virus ont abouti à une crise économique d’une ampleur et d’une nature inédites. En avril 2020, la mise en place d’un confinement très sévère a fait chuter l’activité économique de près de 31 %. En novembre, après un semestre de vie avec le virus, la mise en place d’un deuxième confinement s’est traduite par une baisse de l’activité « de seulement » 7,5 %. Nous avons recours à une version modifiée du modèle ouvert de Leontief (1944) permettant d’étudier la diffusion de chocs simultanés d’offre et de demande à travers le tissu productif ; c’est ce que nous appelons le modèle «mixte ». Selon notre évaluation, les fermetures administratives expliqueraient à elles seules 12 points de la baisse d’activité du mois d’avril 2020 et 5,5 points de celle de novembre. De leur côté, les chocs d’offre liés aux difficultés de main-d’œuvre ou d’approvisionnement ou à l’adaptation aux contraintes sanitaires expliqueraient 10 points de la baisse de la valeur ajoutée au pire moment de la crise en avril. Ils seraient sans effet significatif en novembre. Enfin le choc de demande finale expliquerait 11 points de la baisse du PIB observée pendant le confinement du mois d’avril et 2 points de la baisse de novembre. Le redéploiement de la production des emplois intermédiaires vers les emplois finaux aurait permis de préserver le PIB de 2 points en avril. Ces résultats suggèrent que l’ensemble des acteurs – publics et privés – ont fortement adapté leurs comportements, ce qui se traduit par des confinements ayant un moindre impact sur l’activité économique.
La diplomatie transcaucasienne de l’Iran au lendemain de la Grande Guerre. Le plan de confédération avec la République d’Azerbaïdjan (1919-1920)
Authors: Bast Oliver
Published: September 2021

Le 1 er  novembre 1919, deux représentants de haut rang de l’Iran et de la nouvelle République indépendante d’Azerbaïdjan, qui se trouvaient à la Conférence de la paix à Paris, ont signé un protocole proposant une confédération entre les deux États. Sa mise en œuvre aurait pu modifier le tracé des frontières internationales en Transcaucasie. S’appuyant principalement sur des sources persanes, et adoptant ainsi le point de vue iranien, cet article examine les origines et les tentatives pour mettre en œuvre ce projet, finalement infructueux, comme une étude de cas illustrant le dynamisme de la diplomatie impliquant les petits États de la région caspienne qui tentaient de poursuivre des programmes de politique étrangère individuels dans l’ombre des empires.
Asymmetric effect of exchange rate volatility on trade balance in Nigeria
Authors: Sambo Nuraddeen Umar ,   Field Coordinator, Development Impact Evaluation (DIME), World Bank, Farouq Ibrahim Sambo , Isma'il Mukhtar Tijjani ,   Economics department, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia,   Economics department, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
Published: September 2021

The relationship between real exchange rate volatility and the trade balance has been a contentious issue since the fall of Bretton woods agreement of 1973, owing to the lack of unanimity on the effect. This article provides empirical evidence of the link between the real exchange rate volatility and the trade balance in the light of financial development, confirming the assertion that the effect is significantly dependent on the country's level of financial development. Due to Nigeria's relatively undeveloped financial system, its exchange rate dampens the country's exports. Rather than studying the relationship in isolation, we examine the moderating role of financial development on the link between export and the real exchange rate volatility in this paper. The empirical estimation is based on the Nigeria's data set spanning the years 1980–2019, and it employs threshold autoregressive non-linear co-integration and non-linear ARDL estimation techniques. According to the findings, financial development magnifies the beneficial benefits of the real exchange rate on Nigeria's foreign trade. It also states that the uncertainty in foreign capital flows has a negative impact on Nigeria's international trade. The findings have broad policy implications, implying that in order to diversify and improve the economy's future growth and associated international trade, Nigeria's policymakers should promote adequate financial sector development, as financial shocks are amplified by poorly implemented credit markets.
Examining differences in suicidality between and within mental health disorders and sexual identity among adults in the United States
Authors: Adzrago David ,   Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA, Osaghae Ikponmwosa , Ananaba Nnenna , Ayieko Sylvia , Fwelo Pierre , Anikpezie Nnabuchi , Cherry Donna ,   Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School, Houston, Texas, USA,   Department of Population Health Science, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA,   Department of Social Work, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
Published: September 2021

Background

Suicide is a leading but preventable cause of death and is preceded by domains of thoughts, plans, and attempts. We assessed the prevalence of suicidality domains and determined the association of suicidality domains with sexual identity, mental health disorder symptoms, and sociodemographic characteristics.

Methods

We used the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) data to perform weighted multivariable logistic regression and margins analyses to examine between and within-group differences in suicidality by sexual identity among adults aged ≥ 18 years.

Results

About 4.89%, 1.37%, and 0.56% of the population experienced suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts, respectively. Those aged 18–25 years old had a higher odds of suicidality compared to those aged 26 years or older. Compared to those who reported having no alcohol use dependence, illicit drug use dependence, and major depressive episodes (MDEs), those who reported alcohol use dependence, illicit drug use dependence, and MDE had higher odds of suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts. Between all sexual identity groups, bisexuals who experienced MDEs had the highest probability of having suicidal thoughts while lesbians and gays who experienced MDE showed a higher probability of suicidal plans and attempts compared to heterosexuals. Within each sexual identity group, the probability of having suicidal thoughts, suicidal plans, and suicidal attempts was higher for those who had experienced MDEs compared to those who had not experienced MDEs.

Conclusion

Substance use disorder and MDE symptoms were associated with increased suicidality, especially among young adults and sexual minority people. This disparity underscores the need for tailored interventions and policies to enhance the provision of prompt mental health screening, diagnosis, and linkage to care for mental health services, particularly among the most vulnerable in the population.
The relationship between macro-socioeconomics determinants and COVID-19 vaccine distribution
Authors: Roghani Ali ,   Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, USA
Published: September 2021

Since coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has continued to spread globally, many countries have started vaccinations at the end of December 2020. This research examines the relationship between COVID-19 vaccine distribution and two macro-socioeconomics measures, including human development index and gross domestic product, among 25 countries for two points in time, including February and August 2021. The COVID-19 dataset is a collection of the COVID-19 data maintained by Our World in Data. It is a daily updated dataset and includes confirmed cases, vaccinations, deaths, and testing data. Ordinary Least Squares was applied to examine how macro-socioeconomic measures predict the distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine over time.

Results

The results indicate that a higher gross domestic product per capita is positively associated with higher COVID-19 vaccine distribution, and this relationship becomes more robust over time. However, some countries may have more successful vaccine distribution results regardless of their gross domestic product. In addition, the result shows human development index does not have a significant relationship with vaccine distribution.

Conclusion

Economic measures may be counted as a more vital indicator for vaccine distribution as they have a more direct relationship distribution with health infrastructure than social measures such as human development index.
PERFORMANCE PREDICTION OF WIND PROPULSION SYSTEMS USING 3D CFD
AND ROUTE SIMULATION
Authors: Persson A , Li D.-Q. , Olsson F , Werner S , Dhomé U
Published: September 2021

Accurate performance prediction is necessary when designing/optimising wind propulsion systems (WPS). An independent, trustworthy prediction of the energy-saving potential is also needed to support the ship owner’s decision to invest in new technology. By using weather statistics along with a mathematical model of ship performance, route simulations can estimate the time and power required for transit of a route. Such simulations are commonly used today to optimise the design and operation of conventional ships. The introduction of WPS poses additional challenges for route simulations. WPS performance must be predicted at all points along the route, with wind of differing velocity and direction. The apparent wind will vary vertically (twist), due to the interaction between the ship velocity and the atmospheric boundary layer. Also, many proposed concepts use multiple WPS, introducing additional complexity, such as independent spin ratios/ sheeting angles. 3D CFD simulations capture the complex physics, including vortex formation and interaction effects, providing accurate performance prediction and an understanding of the flow. However, 3D CFD is costly, and it would not be possible to simulate all conditions at a reasonable cost. We present
simplified approaches to modelling of WPS, using a limited number of CFD simulations, either in 2D or 3D, which are then extrapolated such that 3D effects are represented, and all conditions covered. The methodology is demonstrated on rotor sails and wing sails.
SHIP DATA DRIVEN PROPULSION MODELS & WIND-BASED PROPULSION TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Buckingham J. E. , Pearson D. R. , Storey E
Published: September 2021

This paper presents the approach taken to develop and align a parametric ship model to metocean data and known ship performance data measured at sea, and the use of this aligned baseline model in conjunction with first principle models of wind-based Energy Saving Technologies (EST) to derive the benefit of such technologies over specific voyages. The EST compared in this paper are:

• Flettner rotors

• Wingsails

• Turbosails

A specific voyage conditions are studied for a given ship in order to provide a broad and representative range of seagoing conditions for the vessel, with the model then being used to derive the relative fuel savings from the EST. This output can then be run-through a techno-economic analysis to derive the monetary savings and inform a potential business case for installation of such EST. The vessel presented in this paper is a 61,000 dwt bulker, which has served as a demonstrator vessel in previous BMT publications and is a well understood baseline for comparison.
FINANCING SHIPS WITH WIND-ASSISTED PROPULSION TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Schinas O , Metzger D
Published: September 2021

The issue of financing green ships as well as of financing decarbonization of maritime operations has already attracted the interest of experts from the academia and the industry. Given that green ships do not enjoy a freight premium and their operating expenses are at the level of conventional assets, the inherently higher capital expenses required for green assets deteriorate profit margins and deter investors from relevant outlays. Hence, financial engineering is required in order to make investors indifferent to cost and riveted to the decarbonization aspects of any ship financing project. This paper summarizes research results and presents illustrative cases and structures. The analysis considers sharing economy models, such as the ‘pay as you save’, that perfectly suit solutions involving wind-assisted propulsion, and will also identify risks and ways of mitigating them. The approach considered may assist in the analysis of various wind-assisted and power-boosting technologies.
ESTIMATING THE COST OF GREENING OF SHORTSEA VESSELS AND THE MARKET POTENTIAL OF GREEN RETROFIT
Authors: Schinas O
Published: September 2021

Shortsea shipping (SSS) has attracted the interest of re-searchers and policy-makers as a viable transport alternative against mainly road haulage. Despite policy initiatives, SSS has not increased its market share nor attracted fresh interest in the market, so the fleet is ageing. Lately, due to the de-carbonization effort of the maritime industry and generally of greening the economy, SSS becomes an interesting trans-port alternative that deserves further research. This work focuses on the cost of decarbonising the global SSS fleet with a parallel interest on the EU fleet. This cost estimation is based on recent publications, and considers ships expected to be ordered and demolished; for the existing fleet the cost of retrofitting with greening technology is also estimated. Based on reasonable assumptions, the potential market of wind-assisted technologies is estimated too. This work is an outcome of the WASP Interreg project.
Quality detection of tea oil by 19F NMR and 1H NMR
Authors: Liu T. , Olajide T.M. , Wang W. , Cheng Z. , Cheng Q. , Weng X.C.
Published: September 2021

The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique was applied to monitor the quality of tea oil herein. The adulteration of virgin tea oil was monitored by 19F NMR and 1H NMR. The 19F NMR technique was used as a new method to detect the changes in quality and hydroperoxide value of tea oil. The research demonstrates that 19F NMR and 1H NMR can quickly detect adulteration in tea oil. High temperature caused a decrease in the ratio D and increase in the total diglyceride content. Some new peaks belonging to the derivatives of hydroperoxides appeared at δ-108.21 and δ-109.05 ppm on the 19F NMR spectrum when the oil was autoxidized and became larger when the hydroperoxide value increased. These results have great significance in monitoring the moisture content, freshness and oxidation status of oils and in detecting adulteration in high priced edible oils by mixing with cheap oils.
Optimising processing conditions for the functionalisation of photocatalytic glazes by ZnO nanoparticle deposition
Authors: Guzmán-Carrillo H.R. , Jiménez Relinque E. , Manzano-Ramírez A. , Castellote M. , Romero-Pérez M.
Published: September 2021

ZnO nanospheres were synthesised and then deposited by both single- and double-fire fast processes on as-prepared ceramic substrates. The photocatalytic degradation of resazurin ink was tested under UV light. The single-fired samples did not show any evidence of photocatalytic activity because the nanoparticles melted during sintering at 1210°C. The double-fire ZnO spray-coating method successfully produced glazed materials with an active ZnO surface layer despite the high sintering temperature. The influence of experimental parameters, including the ZnO nanoparticle loading (0.03 to 1 mg/cm2) and firing temperature (650 to 800°C), were also investigated. Samples with a ZnO loading of 1 g/cm2 fired at 650°C showed the best photocatalytic activity. Increasing the temperature to 700 and 800°C led to the coalescence of ZnO nanoparticles, which reduced the photocatalytic activity.
Thomas Müntzer (1490-1525) : christianisme et révolution
Authors: Müntzer Thomas
Published: September 2021

Si Thomas Müntzer n’est pas aussi connu que Martin Luther, il a pourtant été l’un des grands acteurs de la Réforme protestante du XVIe siècle. Prédicateur de talent, partisan précoce de Luther, il prend toutefois rapidement ses distances et assume des positions plus radicales, défendant notamment le principe de la souveraineté du peuple. Il rejoint alors un mouvement de révolte, qui donnera naissance à la « guerre des Paysans », et devient l’un des chefs de la rébellion, appelant à une révolution à la fois religieuse et matérielle. Bientôt capturé, il est torturé puis exécuté. Müntzer laisse à la postérité divers écrits témoignant de sa vision du christianisme et des pouvoirs spirituel et temporel. À travers la traduction de sept textes fondateurs et d’une vingtaine de lettres, Joël Lefebvre met en lumière l’intérêt à la fois philosophique, historique et linguistique de l’œuvre de Thomas Müntzer et révèle toute la force d’une pensée novatrice pour l’époque, et toujours aussi évocatrice.
Les épreuves professionnelles dans la fonction de tuteur : une étude comparative sur les formateurs de terrain de l’Education nationale française
Authors: Maleyrot Eric
Published: September 2021

Cette étude comparative s’intéresse aux épreuves professionnelles dans la fonction de tuteur de deux catégories de formateurs de terrain exerçant dans l’Education nationale en France avant la mise en oeuvre des réformes 2010 de la formation initiale des enseignants. Il s’agit des maîtres formateurs qui travaillent dans le premier degré et des conseillers pédagogiques tuteurs employés au niveau du second degré. Ces professionnels exercent une double fonction d’enseignant auprès d’élèves et de formateur chargé de l’accompagnement à l’entrée dans le métier de futurs professeurs. Considérant les dispositifs de formation comme l’expression d’un projet identitaire institutionnel sur les professionnels et l’engagement de ceux-ci comme un indicateur de leur projet professionnel personnel, nous examinons les rapports entre ces deux projets en nous focalisant sur les épreuves qu’ils rencontrent dans leur travail de tuteur. L’article compare dans un premier moment les textes qui réglementent l’emploi et les activités de formation de ces formateurs de terrain. Dans un second temps, à partir de dix-huit entretiens semi-directifs, sont dégagées les épreuves professionnelles vécues par chacune des catégories de formateurs. Enfin, nous mettons à jour le « système standardisé d’épreuves professionnelles » de ces tuteurs et déterminons par comparaison la nature de leurs épreuves communes et celles spécifiques à chacune des catégories de tuteurs.
Parcours de professeurs des écoles débutants : du choix du métier au premier poste. Retours sur une construction identitaire et professionnelle
Authors: Bouchetal Thierry
Published: September 2021

A partir d’une enquête auprès de professeurs des écoles titulaires pour la première année, nous avons cherché à apprécier ce qui constitue le projet d’enseigner, pour ensuite mieux saisir son évolution lors de la confrontation avec les réalités de l’Ecole et de la formation. Explorant le caractère éprouvant de l’entrée dans un métier pourtant supposé connu, nous constatons que les professeurs des écoles débutants définissent un projet professionnel et pédagogique exigeant, prenant appui sur un parcours riche d’expériences personnelles qu’ils mobilisent pour leurs prises de postes. Ils se heurtent alors à une forme scolaire plus éclatée qu’ils ne l’avaient perçue en formation et à des premières nominations dans des contextes difficiles, à l’origine aussi bien de nouvelles ressources que d’une interrogation sur leur identité professionnelle. A la question du développement professionnel des novices du premier degré, l’enquête montre qu’entrer dans ce métier, c’est vivre des parcours d’ajustements et dépasser sans cesse des conceptions premières.
Une éthique minimale est-elle compatible avec l’éducation ?
Authors: Alcantara Jean-Pascal
Published: September 2021

En éducation, les courants éthiques ayant pignon sur rue puisent à des sources souvent kantiennes. Un paradigme alternatif émerge avec l’éthique minimale de Ruwen Ogien. Mais ses principes ne déterminent-ils pas une morale trop pauvre pour servir les finalités de l’éducation ? Une éducation à la citoyenneté en contexte de pluralisme démocratique, ramenée à un minimum de principes communs est souhaitable, à condition d’être articulée aux acquis de la réflexion politique issue des théories de la justice.
Que nul ne puisse se plaindre d’avoir été écarté
Authors: Monjo Roger
Published: September 2021

Adopter une approche s’inspirant du minimalisme moral afin d’élaborer une éthique scolaire adaptée aux conditions actuelles de l’action pédagogique s’avère salutaire dans un contexte où le discours dominant en la matière est pétri, à l’inverse, d’injonctions paternalistes et moralisantes. Mais, on peut, malgré tout, s’interroger sur les bénéfices à en attendre dès lors que le contenu de ce minimalisme moral est lui-même minimal. « Que nul ne puisse se plaindre d’avoir été écarté » : on peut, certes, lire dans la formule élaborée par Condorcet pour exprimer son opposition à l’obligation scolaire, une frappante anticipation de la règle centrale de l’éthique minimaliste (« ne pas nuire à autrui »). Pourtant, en la réduisant à cette stricte négativité, ne risque-t-on pas de perdre de vue les intuitions morales plus consistantes dont la formule du philosophe est implicitement porteuse et qui pourraient encore aujourd’hui inspirer l’éthique enseignante. C’est pourquoi nous évoquerons aussi les contributions qu’on peut attendre d’approches alternatives (comme les théories du care ou de la reconnaissance) à l’élaboration d’une telle éthique.
Psychological Responses of Motorcar Drivers to Flashing Amber Lights at Signalised T-Intersections
Authors: Galappaththi K. , Herath O. K. , Bandara Y. M. , Shaja M. M. M.
Published: September 2021

The accurate and timely decision making of drivers is vital to ensuring public safety and reaching the destination in time. This paper presents a detailed comparison of the expectation of regulatory bodies in implementing flashing amber lights and explores the actual driver responses to flashing amber lights at a signalised T-intersection by taking speed variation as a proxy for their decision making. A survey was conducted at a signalised T-intersection during the operation of flashing amber lights to measure the speed variation. Time-distance and speed gun techniques were used to collect speed data of motor cars. Results reflect those drivers show only a marginal response to flashing amber lights. Therefore, the intention of regulatory bodies that vehicles maintaining lower speed at a T-intersection with flashing amber lights was not satisfactorily fulfilled. The marginal response of drivers to flashing amber lights can be a leading cause of accidents occurring in signalised T-intersections at odd (night) hours.
Bus Service Improvement Plan for Battaramulla along with Location Analysis for a Transport Hub
Authors: Jayawardane W.
Published: September 2021

Deteriorating quality of public transport is a major concern in Sri Lanka. This study focuses on how to improve public transport in Battaramulla, which is the administrative capital of Sri Lanka, located in its Western Province. This administrative division has 11,000 government workers, of whom 56 percent use buses. It has, over 250,000 residents, 37 percent of whose trips also are made by buses. This study was conducted to identify the demand and supply characteristics of the area, to analyse bus routes for service improvements and to comparatively evaluate among several sites available to locate a multimodal transport terminal. Using the results of an Origin-Destination study, it was concluded that four new bus service routes, if introduced, would improve passenger connectivity. It also inferred, through a Multi-Criteria Analysis, and considering accessibility, connectivity and costs, that the best site to locate a multimodal transport centre would be that proposed by the Urban Development Authority. Since, this study was confined only to bus passengers and bus transport facility improvement, further research may be necessary, including other parameters and transport modes, to validate its outcomes and recommendations.
Exposure to Systemic Immunosuppressive Ultraviolet Radiation Alters T Cell Recirculation through Sphingosine-1-Phosphate
Authors: Tse Benita C Y , Ireland Rachael A , Lee Jun Yup , Marsh-Wakefield Felix , Kok Lai Fong , Don Anthony S , Byrne Scott N
Published: September 2021

Systemic suppression of adaptive immune responses is a major way in which UV radiation contributes to skin cancer development. Immune suppression is also likely to explain how UV protects from some autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis. However, the mechanisms underlying UV-mediated systemic immune suppression are not well understood. Exposure of C57BL/6 mice to doses of UV known to suppress systemic autoimmunity led to the accumulation of cells within the skin-draining lymph nodes and away from non–skin-draining lymph nodes. Transfer of CD45.1+ cells from nonirradiated donors into CD45.2+ UV-irradiated recipients resulted in preferential accumulation of donor naive T cells and a decrease in activated T cells within skin-draining lymph nodes. A single dose of immune-suppressive UV was all that was required to cause a redistribution of naive and central memory T cells from peripheral blood to the skin-draining lymph nodes. Specifically, CD69-independent increases in sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor 1–negative naive and central memory T cells occurred in these lymph nodes. Mass spectrometry analysis showed UV-mediated activation of sphingosine kinase 1 activity, resulting in an increase in S1P levels within the lymph nodes. Topical application of a sphingosine kinase inhibitor on the skin prior to UV irradiation eliminated the UV-induced increase in lymph node S1P and T cell numbers. Thus, exposure to immunosuppressive UV disrupts T cell recirculation by manipulating the S1P pathway.
How I Manage Systemic Light Chain Amyloidosis
Authors: Kaufman Gregory P. , Cerchione Claudio
Published: September 2021

Light chain amyloidosis (AL) is a protein deposition disorder with a heterogenous pattern of organ involvement and dysfunction that varies by affected patient. Often diagnosed late after the onset of symptoms, appropriate and correct diagnosis, and prompt initial management, typically with anti-plasma cell therapy targeting the underlying cell producing the aberrant light chain protein, can lead to significant improvement in patient symptoms, organ function and lifespan. With recent publication of phase III studies focused on AL, and a changing regulatory landscape providing greater availability of novel therapies, the management of AL is in some ways more complex with greater options to consider. In this clinical review, a discussion of the diagnosis, staging, and goals of therapy transitions to a focus on contemporary management questions to outline our clinical approach to multi-disciplinary management and long term follow up for patients with suspected or confirmed AL.
Points of small height on semiabelian varieties
Authors: Kühne Lars
Published: September 2021

The equidistribution conjecture is proved for general semiabelian varieties over number fields. Previously, this conjecture was only known in the special case of almost split semiabelian varieties through work of Chambert-Loir. The general case has remained intractable so far because the height of a semiabelian variety is negative unless it is almost split. In fact, this places the conjecture outside the scope of Yuan’s equidistribution theorem on algebraic dynamical systems. To overcome this, an asymptotic adaption of the equidistribution technique invented by Szpiro, Ullmo, and Zhang is used here. It also allows a new proof of the Bogomolov conjecture and hence a self-contained proof of the strong equidistribution conjecture in the same general setting.
A graph TQFT for hat Heegaard Floer homology
Authors: Zemke Ian
Published: September 2021

We construct maps on hat Heegaard Floer homology for cobordisms decorated with graphs. The graph TQFT allows for cobordisms with disconnected ends. Our construction uses Juhász’s sutured Floer TQFT. We compute the maps for several elementary graph cobordisms. As an application, we compute the action of the fundamental group on hat Heegaard Floer homology.
Tensor product categorifications, Verma modules and the blob 2-category
Authors: Lacabanne Abel , Naisse Grégoire , Vaz Pedro
Published: September 2021

We construct a dg-enhancement of KLRW algebras that categorifies the tensor product of a universal

\mathfrak{sl}_2

Verma module and several integrable irreducible modules. When the integrable modules are two-dimensional, we construct a categorical action of the blob algebra on derived categories of these dg-algebras which intertwines the categorical action of

\mathfrak{sl}_2

. From the above we derive a categorification of the blob algebra.
Flags and tangles
Authors: Haiden Fabian
Published: September 2021

We show that two constructions yield equivalent braided monoidal categories. The first is topological, based on Legendrian tangles and skein relations, while the second is algebraic, in terms of chain complexes with complete flag and convolution-type products. The category contains Iwahori–Hecke algebras of type

A_n

as endomorphism algebras of certain objects.
Words are not just words: how the use of media language in the COVID-19 era affects public health
Authors: Georgiou Georgios P.
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVES: Language can shape the way we perceive the world. In this paper, we investigated how exposure to media texts containing alarming and militaristic language affects peoples’ notions regarding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the consequences of this effect for public health.METHODS: After reading a passage including either alarming and militaristic or neutral terminology on COVID-19, participants completed a questionnaire in which they answered 4 questions on a 7-point Likert scale. The questions assessed participants’ notions on the end of the pandemic, vaccine effectiveness, and the consequences of COVID-19 for economies and mental health. Ordinal regression models in R were used for the analysis.RESULTS: Individuals who were exposed to alarming and militaristic language expressed more pessimistic notions regarding COVID-19 than those who were exposed to more neutral language. However, both groups of individuals had similar notions regarding vaccine effectiveness.CONCLUSIONS: The media should redefine the language they use for the description of the pandemic, considering that the extensive use of alarming and militaristic terminology may have a negative impact on public health.
1D Mathematical Model Development for Prediction and Mitigation of Vehicle Pull Considering Suspension Asymmetry and Tire Parameters
Authors: Avhad Anish , Iqbal Shoaib
Published: September 2021

Error in suspension asymmetry or tire parameters may lead to vehicle drifting laterally from its intended straight-line path, which is called vehicle pull. Driver then needs to apply constant steering correction to maintain the vehicle in straight line which will lead to high driver fatigue and deteriorate driving experience. Manufacturing a perfectly symmetric suspension system is impractical, however an insight into the manufacturing tolerances of suspension system at the early design stage can be extremely useful. Also tire force and moment parameters at straight line operation and its maximum allowable variations will help in defining the tire parameter specifications and tolerances.

The objective of this study was to develop a 1D model of suspension and tire system which can predict the torque experienced in steering and drift of the vehicle from straight line due to the tire force and moment and asymmetric suspension geometry. The model assumes small tire slip angles (as the vehicle is running in straight line), rigid steering system and constant vehicle speed. Second part of the work focused on the sensitivity of suspension and tire parameters on vehicle pull and identifying the tolerance limits to mitigate vehicle pull. The developed model has been validated against the observation from physical testing for different tire combinations.

Modelling of suspension asymmetries in Multi Body Dynamics (MBD) domain is time consuming and Pacejka formulation of tire will for manufacturing variations will require multiple tire testing. The tool discussed in this paper can be used for quick evaluation of vehicle pull, within a fraction of time of that required for MBD. Additionally, the tool is can be used to predict the limits of suspension camber, caster, kingpin inclination (KPI) and tire parameters such as conicity, plysteer and ply residual aligning torque (PRAT) etc. This information can further be used for defining the tire manufacturing tolerances.